PMID- 6810127
TI  - [30 years of clinical psychotherapy. Illustrated with the example of the
      Wittgenstein Clinic].

PMID- 6810128
TI  - [Medical prognosis. Limitations and possibilities (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810129
TI  - [Stereotaxic, preoperative marking of breast lesions].

PMID- 6810130
TI  - [Flow velocity of blood in varicose veins of the lower extremities. The effect of
      a venous therapeutic agent (venostasin) (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810131
TI  - [Practical angiology, 17. Side effects of anticoagulation].

PMID- 6810132
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Anemia with transition in acute
      leukemia].

PMID- 6810133
TI  - [Decompression sickness. Experiences in the management of workers under high
      pressure in the building of subway tunnels].

PMID- 6810134
TI  - [Bee and wasp venom allergy. Clinical aspects, prevention and therapy].

PMID- 6810135
TI  - [Fetal myositis and its consequence (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810136
TI  - [Professional diagnostic, therapy and complication keys for surgery. The
      "Godesberg key systems"].

PMID- 6810137
TI  - [The bile acid losing syndrome].

PMID- 6810138
TI  - [The gestation-time of letters to physicians].

PMID- 6810139
TI  - [Critical observations on acute appendicitis].

PMID- 6810140
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 6810141
TI  - [Unprecipitate appendectomy. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis at admission is
      often the first diagnostic warning sign of Crohn disease].

PMID- 6810142
TI  - [Problems of drug safety: aristolochic acid].

PMID- 6810143
TI  - [Oxalosis. Differential diagnosis].

PMID- 6810144
TI  - [Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia].

PMID- 6810145
TI  - [Clinical significance of lysozymes in colorectal tumors].

PMID- 6810146
TI  - [The embolic disease].

PMID- 6810147
TI  - [Pruritus: Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6810148
TI  - [Polyneuropathy in chronic alcohol abuse].

PMID- 6810149
TI  - [How free is the medical profession?].

PMID- 6810150
TI  - [Osteogenesis and bone growth. Modification by electrical and electromagnetic
      effects].

PMID- 6810151
TI  - [Preoperative marking of suspect non-palpable malignancy mammography findings].

PMID- 6810152
TI  - [Preoperative localization diagnosis in hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810153
TI  - [The sliding rib syndrome. Orthopedic aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810154
TI  - [Epidural administration of morphine].

PMID- 6810155
TI  - [Hypotonic dysregulation--a German disease?].

PMID- 6810156
TI  - [Treatment of the hypertensive crisis by blocking the renin-angiotensin system
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810157
TI  - [Indications for the application of plasmapheresis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810158
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the Mirizzi syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810159
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--Primary sclerosing cholangitis].

PMID- 6810160
TI  - [Prednisolone-saving effect of tiaprofenic acid. Clinical trial].

PMID- 6810161
TI  - [Acute acral ischemia syndrome].

PMID- 6810162
TI  - Mutagenicity study of fried sausages in Salmonella, Drosophila and mammalian
      cells in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The basic extract of pan-fried sausages was studied for mutagenic potential in
      seven test systems. Mutagenic activity was high in the standard Ames assay in the
      Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1538 and TA98 in presence of S9 mix. In vivo, in
      the intrasanguine host-mediated assay with strain TA98 on Aroclor-pretreated
      mice, the mutagenic activity of the extract was low. A borderline activity was
      seen in the SCE assay in vitro with V79 Chinese hamster cells in presence of S9
      mix. No significant mutagenic action was found in the gene-mutation assay for
      thioguanine resistance with V79 cells, the Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal
      test, the micronucleus test and the mammalian spot test.

PMID- 6810163
TI  - Mutagenicity tests and in vitro transformation assays on triethanolamine.

PMID- 6810164
TI  - Quantitation of small colony trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants of L5178Y/TK+/-
      mouse lymphoma cells in RPMI-1640 medium.

PMID- 6810165
TI  - The effects of post-treatments with caffeine during S and G2 on the frequencies
      of chromosomal aberrations induced by thiotepa in root tips of Vicia faba and in
      human lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - The effects of post-treatments with caffeine on the frequencies of chromosomal
      aberrations induced by the trifunctional alkylating agent thiotepa were studied
      in human lymphocytes and in root tips of Vicia faba. In lymphocytes the frequency
      of aberrations induced in G0 or G1 was most strongly increased when the caffeine
      post-treatments were given during G2. In Vicia faba, on the other hand, the
      frequency of aberrations induced in early interphase was unaffected by post
      treatments with caffeine during G2, but strongly increased when the root tips
      were exposed to caffeine during the S phase.

PMID- 6810166
TI  - Hypersensitivity of ataxia telangiectasia skin fibroblasts to DNA alkylating
      agents.
AB  - 3 ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblast cell strains, AT4BI, AT5BI and AT2BE
      (CRL1343) were studied for their colony-forming ability after treatment with
      various concentrations of 4 different DNA alkylating agents. The results were
      compared to the response of fibroblast strains from 3 normal individuals. None of
      the AT strains were abnormally sensitive to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
      1 strain (AT5BI) was significantly more sensitive to treatment with methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS) based on a survival curve D0 value of 0.29 mM vs. the
      normal average D0 of 0.38 mM (P less than 0.02) and a D10 value of 0.85 mM vs.
      the normal average D10 of 1.2 mM (P less than 0.025). Strain AT4BI was also
      significantly more sensitive to MMS treatment when D10 values were compared (0.73
      mM, P less than 0.01). All 3 AT cell strains were significantly more sensitive to
      treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate when D10 values were the criterion of
      sensitivity, AT4BI 16 mM, AT5BI 13 mM and AT2BE 15 mM vs. the normal human
      fibroblast average D10 value of 28 mM (P less than 0.01 for all 3 AT strains). 2
      of the 3 AT cell strains (AT4BI and AT2BE) were abnormally sensitive to treatment
      with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; the D0 values were 0.045 microM and 0.05 microM,
      respectively, vs. the normal average D0 value of 0.11 microM (P less than 0.01
      for both AT strains). The corresponding D10 values were 0.08 microM and 0.11
      microM, respectively, vs. the normal average D10 value of 0.27 microM (P less
      than 0.01 for AT4BI and P less than 0.025 for AT2BE). These results indicate that
      there is a heterogeneity in the response of AT fibroblast cell strains to
      treatment with DNA alkylating agents, except possibly in the case of ethylating
      compounds.

PMID- 6810167
TI  - Relationship between excision repair and the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of
      the 'anti' 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene in human cells.
AB  - The cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10
      alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti BPDE) in normally excising
      diploid human cells treated just prior to onset of S was compared with that of
      cells allowed approximately 16 h for excision repair before onset of S and with
      that observed in excision-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP12BE) cells. The
      cells were synchronized by release from density inhibition of cell replication.
      DNA synthesis began approximately 22 h after the cells were plated at lower
      density (i.e., 1.4 x 10(4) cells/cm2). The frequency of thioguanine-resistant
      mutants induced in normal cells treated just prior to onset of S was
      approximately 12- to 16-fold higher than that observed in cells treated in early
      G1 or treated in G0 (confluence) and then plated at lower density. The frequency
      approximated that expected for XP12BE cells from extrapolation of data obtained
      at lower doses. The frequency of mutants measured in normal cells treated in
      exponential growth was also much higher than that in the cells treated in early
      G1 or in G0. No such difference could be seen in XP12BE cells treated in
      exponential growth or in G0. In contrast to the mutagenicity data in the normal
      cells, there was no significant difference in the slope of the survival curve of
      normal cells treated at various times prior to S phase at low densities. However,
      normal cells treated even at the onset of S exhibited survival equal to XP12BE
      cells given a 4- to 5-fold lower dose. The data support the hypothesis that DNA
      synthesis is the cellular event which converts unexcised DNA lesions into
      mutations. However, they indicate that S is not the event primarily responsible
      for translating DNA damage into cell death. Accompanying studies on the rate of
      excision of anti BPDE adducts from the normal cells during the period prior to S
      support the conclusions.

PMID- 6810168
TI  - Mutation assay at the thymidine kinase locus in diploid human lymphoblasts.
AB  - A thymidine kinase heterozygote was isolated from a diploid human lymphoblast
      line which forms colonies with high efficiency in microtiter dishes. We show that
      this cell line, called TK6, can be mutated from a TK+/- to TK-/- state by diverse
      mutagens, including ethyl methanesulfonate, butyl methanesulfonate,
      nitrosomethylurea, UV light, ICR-191, 4-nitroquinoline oxide, fluorodeoxyuridine,
      benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1. We report here the experiments required to
      demonstrate the applicability of this new line in quantitative assays of mutation
      in human cells. Mitotic recombination between the centromere and the tk locus
      could not be induced by either dimethylsulfoxide or phorbol-12-myristate-13
      acetate.

PMID- 6810169
TI  - Non-B post-transfusion hepatitis with hepatitis B core antibodies in donor blood.

PMID- 6810170
TI  - Indications for use of hepatitis B vaccine, based on cost-effectiveness analysis.
AB  - To formulate indications for the use of hepatitis B vaccine, we examined the cost
      effectiveness of three strategies: vaccinating everyone; screening everyone and
      vaccinating those without evidence of immunity; and neither vaccinating nor
      screening, but passively immunizing those with known exposure. Estimates of the
      hepatitis attack rate, prevalence of immunity, and frequency of known exposure
      were made for three representative populations: homosexual men, surgical
      residents, and the general population of the United States. Screening followed by
      vaccination of homosexual men and vaccination without prior screening of surgical
      residents would result in savings of medical costs. Neither screening nor
      vaccination is the lowest-cost strategy for the general population. Vaccination
      of susceptible persons will save medical costs for populations with annual attack
      rates above 5 per cent. Vaccination may be considered cost effective (or cost
      saving when indirect costs are included) for populations with attack rates as low
      as 1 to 2 per cent.

PMID- 6810171
TI  - The use of hepatitis B virus vaccine.

PMID- 6810172
TI  - Is pK OK?

PMID- 6810173
TI  - Differences between familial hyperthyroxinemic syndromes.

PMID- 6810174
TI  - Health Policy Report. Federal policies and the poor.

PMID- 6810175
TI  - Effect of diet on serum lipoproteins in a population with a high risk of coronary
      heart disease.
AB  - The population of North Karelia, a county in Finland, has a high rate of coronary
      heart disease. It also has a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, but whether
      this reflects a diet rich in animal fats or is a result of genetic factors is
      unclear. We studied the effect on serum lipoproteins of a low-fat diet with a
      high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in 54 middle-aged
      volunteers in North Karelia. Total serum cholesterol decreased, from 263 +/- 8 mg
      per deciliter (mean +/- S.E.) to 201 +/- 5 mg in men (P less than 0.0001) and
      from 239 +/- 8 to 188 +/- 8 mg in women (P less than 0.0001), along with low
      density-lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein B. High-density lipoprotein
      decreased from 54 +/- 2 mg per deciliter to 44 +/- 2 in men (P less than 0.0001)
      and from 56 +/- 3 to 47 +/- 2 mg in women (P less than 0.0001). A small but
      significant reduction occurred in serum apoprotein A-I, whereas apoprotein A-II
      increased slightly. The individual changes in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol
      correlated with those in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. The changes in
      serum lipids and apoproteins were reversed when the participants returned to
      their original diets. Our results suggest that the hypercholesterolemia
      characteristic of this population is due at least in part to dietary factors.

PMID- 6810176
TI  - Sounding Boards. Nursing-home care in the United States: prevailing conditions
      and policy implications.

PMID- 6810177
TI  - Sounding board. Understanding long-term care.

PMID- 6810178
TI  - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy due to Fabry's disease.

PMID- 6810179
TI  - Reversal of the "Pickwickian syndrome" by long-term use of nocturnal nasal-airway
      pressure.

PMID- 6810180
TI  - Sounding boards. Moderating the rise in health-care costs: a pragmatic beginning.

PMID- 6810181
TI  - Me and migraine.

PMID- 6810182
TI  - DNA synthesis in purified DNA-membrane complexes extracted from a Bacillus
      subtilis pol A mutant.

PMID- 6810183
TI  - Ribosomal RNA genes in the replication origin region of Bacillus subtilis
      chromosome.

PMID- 6810184
TI  - Abnormal NAD+ levels in cells from patients with Fanconi's anaemia.

PMID- 6810185
TI  - Organomegaly and histopathology in an animal model of mucopolysaccharidosis
      induced by suramin.
AB  - The trypanocidal drug suramin causes glycosaminoglycan and sphingolipid
      accumulation in the rat, thus simulating a mucopolysaccharidosis (Constantopoulos
      et al. 1980). In this paper we report on the extent and nature of the
      morphological changes that occur in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lung and
      brain as a result of short or long term suramin administration. The first group
      of rats received a single intravenous injection of suramin (500 mg/kg) and was
      sacrificed 3-9 days after the injection. The second group received low doses of
      suramin (50-90 mg/kg) at 2-3 weekly intervals over 3 months. Samples of the above
      mentioned organs were processed for light and electronmicroscopy and the
      remainder of the tissue weighed and assayed for total protein, DNA and RNA
      content. In both groups of rats, suramin caused an abnormal enlargement of the
      spleen, kidney, lung and liver, splenomegaly being the most pronounced. The total
      protein, and DNA content did not alter in the treated rats, however, the RNA
      content of the spleen increased 100%, 9 days after injection and there was a
      small but consistent increase in RNA content of the liver, kidney and lung.
      Significant pathological changes were observed in these organs and also in the
      brain and heart. The changes were similar in many respects to the pathology seen
      in the lysosomal storage disorder, mucopolysaccharidosis and further support the
      proposition that the suramin treated rat might be a useful experimental animal
      model of the disease. Several mechanisms by which suramin might produce
      organomegaly in the rat are discussed.

PMID- 6810186
TI  - [Maintenance oxygen therapy at home].

PMID- 6810187
TI  - Concurrent Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, hereditary spherocytosis and
      fronto nasal dysplasia.

PMID- 6810188
TI  - Maximal free water reabsorptive capacity in renal amyloidosis. Study of 4
      patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 6810189
TI  - Circadian rhythms of intestinal disaccharidases in experimental uremia in rats.

PMID- 6810190
TI  - Enhanced renal sympathetic tone in liver cirrhosis: evaluation by intrarenal
      administration of dihydroergocristine.
AB  - Mean renal blood flow (MRBF), cortical blood flow (CBF), glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR), heart rate, arterial blood pressure, Na+ and K+ excretion were
      determined before and 10 min after intrarenal administration of
      dihydroergocristine (0.017 mg/kg b.w.) in 13 patients suffering from liver
      cirrhosis. Cardiac output was also determined in 6 patients. Baseline values of
      MRBF and CBF were significantly lower in cirrhotics than in the 14 control
      subjects. Following intrarenal administration of the drug, renal hemodynamic
      parameters increased significantly, while GFR decreased. Systemic hemodynamic
      parameters, diuresis, Na+ and K+ excretions were unchanged. These data show that
      dihydroergocristine has a renal vasodilator effect, probably mediated by alpha
      adrenergic blockade. The effect probably is prevalent at the postglomerular site,
      where the increase in vascular resistance is greatest. The effect of the drug
      suggests that patients with liver cirrhosis have enhanced renal sympathetic
      activity which is, at least in part, responsible for the renal vasoconstriction.

PMID- 6810191
TI  - Effects of long-term testosterone administration on pituitary-testicular axis in
      end-stage renal failure.
AB  - The endocrine effects of long-term testosterone administration were studied in 6
      end-stage renal failure patients. During a 3-month control period where no
      androgens were administered the mean plasma testosterone level (7.3 nmol/l) was
      depressed while mean plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
      hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated at 41.2 mU/ml, 105.5
      mU/ml, and 63 ng/ml, respectively. These values were repeated during a 6-month
      study period where each subject was administered testosterone enanthate (400 mg)
      intramuscularly once a week. Plasma testosterone levels markedly increased in all
      subjects with a mean elevation of 72.4 nmol/l, while reductions were observed in
      FSH and LH levels with values of 2.7 and 16.3 mU/ml, respectively. When compared
      with control period values, these changes were statistically significant (p less
      than 0.05). Although the mean plasma PRL level of 49.0 ng/ml was reduced when
      compared with the control period values, this reduction was not statistically
      significant. Our control period findings of low plasma testosterone levels
      coupled with high plasma LH and FSH are consistent with Leydig cell dysfunction.
      The significant reductions in plasma FSH and LH noted during the study period
      indicate a negative feedback effect produced by the pharmacologic doses of
      testosterone. Long-term testosterone administration, however, did not
      significantly affect the elevated mean PRL levels observed in these subjects.

PMID- 6810192
TI  - The gluconeogenetic ability of hepatocytes in various types of acute uraemia.
AB  - Liver cells were prepared from untreated controls, rats with various models of
      acute uraemia (uranyl nitrate-treated, bilaterally nephrectomised and ureter
      ligated rats, rats with acute ischaemic renal failure) and sham-operated animals.
      Hepatocyte glucose output, pyruvate utilisation and lactate production were
      determined in the presence of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with different pH
      values (7.1, 7.4, 7.6) using pyruvate, dihydroxyacetone, serine and fructose as
      substrates. In the presence of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone a significant
      increase of glucose production in hepatocytes from bilaterally nephrectomised and
      ureter-ligated rats was observed. However, pyruvate-generated glucose production
      in the hepatocytes of uranyl nitrate-treated animals was unchanged, while a
      diminished glucose output was seen in the presence of dihydroxyacetone. A marked
      increase in glucose and lactate production in the presence of serine was observed
      in the hepatocytes of uranyl nitrate-treated, ureter-ligated and binephrectomised
      rats. However, lactate production from dihydroxyacetone in the liver cells of
      uranyl nitrate-treated animals was inhibited. In contrast to other types of
      uraemia, in acute ischaemic renal failure there is significantly lower hepatocyte
      glucose production using pyruvate as a substrate, but unchanged glucose
      generation from dihydroxyacetone or serine.

PMID- 6810193
TI  - In vivo phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins in the central nervous system
      of immature rat and rabbit.
AB  - Neurofilament proteins from brain and spinal cord of immature rat (20-35 days of
      age) and rabbit (15-17) days of age) were prepared by an axonal flotation
      technique. Examination of rat filament preparations by electron microscopy
      revealed a preponderance of 10 nm diameter filaments that were usually loosely
      aggregated although some bundles of more tightly packed filaments were present as
      well. The neurofilament triplet proteins of the rat and rabbit central nervous
      system were found to be phosphorylated 24 hr after the intracerebral injection of
      [32P]orthophosphate when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by fluorography. Examination of each eluted
      neurofilament protein from both species showed that [32P]phosphate was retained
      after reelectrophoresis and fluorography. Evidence is presented that the
      [32P]phosphate is covalently linked to the purified neurofilament proteins by
      phosphoester bonds.

PMID- 6810194
TI  - In vitro release of LHRH from the hypothalamus of female rats during prepubertal
      development.
AB  - In this study changes in serum FSH concentration, hypothalamic LHRH content and
      in vitro release of LHRH from hypothalami of female Wistar rats during
      prepubertal development are described. The concentration of FSH in serum was
      determined by radioimmunoassay. Extremely high levels (1.800 ng/ml) were found
      between 12 and 16 days of age. Thereafter, FSH levels rapidly fell to low levels
      (135 ng/ml) on day 32. LHRH was measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of
      mediobasal hypothalami (MBH) and showed a gradual increase during the first 10
      days of life. Between 10 and 16 days of age, hypothalamic LHRH content did not
      change. After day 16, LHRH content sharply increased to a maximum found on day
      32. The release of LHRH from MBH of developing rats was studied during in vitro
      incubation in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. LHRH in the medium was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The spontaneous release rate of LHRH was maximal from MBH of 12
      day-old rats and minimal from those of 32 days. Depolarization of neural
      membranes, by medium containing 45 mM K+ induced a stimulation of LHRH release.
      This K+ -induced release of LHRH was also most prominent on day 12. These
      observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the high circulating FSH
      levels found in female rats between 12 and 16 days of age are at least in part
      caused by a high secretion rate of LHRH during this period.

PMID- 6810195
TI  - Neurotensin induces catalepsy in mice.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of neurotensin (NT) induced catalepsy
      in mice at doses greater than or equal to 0.02 microgram. The cataleptic effect
      progressively increased, reaching a maximum at approx. 2 hr after injection. In
      contrast, the hypothermic effect of neurotensin reached a maximum 1 hr after the
      injection, and was declining at 2 hr. Not all mice that showed hypothermia also
      showed catalepsy, and some mice showed catalepsy without hypothermia. Catalepsy
      induced by intracerebroventricular injection of neurotensin was not significantly
      correlated with the hypothermia. Furthermore, oxotremorine induced hypothermia
      without catalepsy. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that the catalepsy
      induced by neurotensin is not the consequence of the neurotensin induced
      hypothermia. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), injected either
      intracerebroventricularly with neurotensin, or intraperitoneally before
      neurotensin abolished the hypothermia but only diminished the catalepsy scores.
      The cataleptic effect of neurotensin is consistent with its other neuroleptic
      like activities.

PMID- 6810196
TI  - Specific benzodiazepine antagonist RO15-1788 and thirst-induced drinking in the
      rat.
AB  - Midazolam, a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, increased the water intake of
      water deprived rats. The effect was abolished by concurrent treatment with the
      benzodiazepine antagonist, RO15-1788. The lack of effect of RO15-1788 on
      phenobarbitone-induced hyperdipsia confirmed the specificity of the antagonist
      action. Alone RO15-1788 (0.3-30 mg . kg-1) had no effect on thirst-induced
      drinking. Thus, it was not necessary to posit the action of an endogenous
      benzodiazepine ligand in thirst-induced drinking.

PMID- 6810197
TI  - The relationship between plasma concentration of valproic acid and its
      anticonvulsant and behavioural effects in the rat.
AB  - The relationship between the plasma concentration of valproic acid (VPA) and
      anticonvulsant or neurotoxic effects was studied in the rat. Anticonvulsant
      activity was assessed against; (1) maximal seizures induced either by
      electroshock or by intravenous injection of pentylenetetrazol; and (2) kindled
      amygdaloid epilepsy. Drug-induced neurotoxicity was determined by the rotarod
      test and by observation of behaviour. In the maximal seizure tests, tonic
      hindlimb extension was always abolished at plasma valproic acid concentrations of
      225 microgram ml-1 and above. Tonic forelimb extension was not consistently
      blocked until the plasma drug concentration exceeded 530 microgram ml-1. In fully
      kindled rats, plasma valproic acid concentrations of 300 microgram ml-1 and above
      markedly reduced the duration of amygdala afterdischarge activity and the
      intensity of behavioural seizures produced by amygdala stimulation. Analysis of
      the data from individual kindled rats revealed that there was a significant
      correlation between the estimated plasma concentration of valproic acid and the
      degree of seizure protection. Impairment of rotarod performance and marked ataxia
      occurred at plasma valproic acid concentrations above 510 microgram ml-1 and loss
      of righting reflex became evident at 970 microgram ml-1. From these results, it
      is concluded that the plasma concentration of valproic acid is closely correlated
      with the anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects observed in individual rats after
      acute administration of sodium valproate.

PMID- 6810198
TI  - Differential effects of ascorbate and EDTA on high-affinity binding of 3H
      apomorphine and 3H-ADTN to calf caudate membranes.
AB  - Recent reports describe effects of ascorbate on binding of dopaminergic agonists
      to membrane preparations of brain tissue. We now report that with calf caudate
      membranes, in the absence of EDTA, ascorbate (up to 10 mM) lowered the binding of
      [3H] (-)apomorphine (3H-APO) by up to 34%, and the proportion "specific," from
      69% to 36%, and lowered binding of [3H] (+/-)2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydronaphthalene (3H-ADTN) by up to 38%, with little effect on the
      proportion of its specific binding. EDTA (5 mM), alone, also reduced binding of
      both ligands by 40-50% but had no effect on the proportion specific. With
      ascorbate plus EDTA, although total binding was lowered, the proportion of
      specific binding of 3H-APO rose to a maximum of 82% at 2.5 mM ascorbate, whereas
      that of 3H-ADTN was only slightly increased. Moreover, TLC revealed that the
      antioxidants were required during incubation to prevent temperature- and time
      dependent degradation of APO much more than ADTN. Thus, while each additive,
      alone, lowered binding of 3H-APO and of 3H-ADTN, ascorbate plus EDTA increased
      the proportion of specific binding, especially of 3H-APO, and protected both from
      degradation.

PMID- 6810199
TI  - Pharmacological analysis of role of adrenergic influences of dorsal hippocampus
      in central mechanisms of ovulation and compensatory hypertrophy of rat ovaries.

PMID- 6810200
TI  - A family with different clinical forms of acid maltase deficiency (glycogenosis
      type II): biochemical and genetic studies.
AB  - In the same family, the generalized or infantile form of acid maltase deficiency
      (glycogenosis type II, Pompe disease) and the muscular or adult-onset form
      affected different individuals. Autosomal-recessive inheritance for the two
      clinical forms was demonstrated in this family by assay of acid alpha-glucosidase
      in muscle, lymphocytes, cultured fibroblasts, and urine of asymptomatic
      relatives. Current biochemical techniques do not discriminate between persons
      heterozygous for the generalized form and those heterozygous for the muscular
      form. To explain the coexistence of both forms in the same family, the infant
      with the generalized form or her grandfather with the muscular form must have
      been a genetic compound of different mutant alleles for acid alpha-glucosidase.

PMID- 6810201
TI  - The cost-effectiveness of multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: a model.
AB  - Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have fixed, chronic neurologic
      deficits are kept at home with the help of community support systems, which
      cannot improve the physical independence of the MS patients they serve. We have
      found that active, intensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation effectively
      improves functional performance, even though it cannot alter the underlying
      disorder. Inpatient rehabilitation with follow-up home care may actually be less
      expensive than any other current health care alternative.

PMID- 6810202
TI  - Inhibitory effect of central vision on occipital lobe seizures.
AB  - We studied four young patients with occipital lobe seizures (elementary visual
      hallucinations, blindness, and tonic deviation of the eyes) and
      electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities of occipital spike and slow-wave
      activity, which occurred continuously as long as the eyes were closed. The EEG
      abnormalities were inhibited by opened eyes in an illuminated room and returned
      immediately in darkness. Opening and closing the eyes in darkness did not alter
      the continuously occurring spike and slow-wave activity. The retention of central
      vision in darkness, caused by looking at a red spot of light, inhibited these
      abnormalities. Therefore, some occipital lobe seizures may not be "spontaneous"
      but may be elicited by "loss" of central vision, particularly when they occur in
      darkness or sleep.

PMID- 6810203
TI  - Bioavailability of rectally administered valproic acid syrup.
AB  - The bioavailability of commercially available valproic acid (VPA) syrup was
      studied following rectal administration in both dogs and children. Six dogs were
      studied following both oral (PO) and rectal (PR) administration of a dilute VPA
      syrup given in a dose of 40 mg per kilogram. There was no significant difference
      (p greater than 0.1) in the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC)
      between the oral (201.1 mg L-1hr) and rectal 219.6mg L-1hr) routes of
      administration. Four children were given VPA syrup by the rectal route. In three
      patients on maintenance VPA therapy, absorption following rectal administration
      was similar to that following oral administration. In a fourth child, VPA serum
      levels following an initial rectal dose of 20 mg per kilogram reached a maximum
      of 42 mg per liter 2 hours after the drug was given. These results indicate that
      the bioavailability of a diluted VPA syrup given rectally is comparable to that
      following oral administration. Rectal administration of VPA syrup appears to be a
      satisfactory alternative when the oral route is unavailable.

PMID- 6810204
TI  - Prolactin secretion in Parkinson disease.
AB  - We studied the dopaminergic control of lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary
      of parkinsonian patients and age-matched normal subjects. The resting levels of
      prolactin and the TRH-induced rise in prolactin were normal in Parkinson disease.
      Levodopa elicited a normal suppression of prolactin concentrations in
      parkinsonian subjects; the major abnormality to emerge was attenuation of the
      response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the parkinsonian patients
      following administration of Sinemet (levodopa plus carbidopa) or bromocriptine.
      These findings imply pathology of extrastriatal dopamine systems in Parkinson
      disease. Since the addition of carbidopa enhanced the suppression of prolactin
      induced by levodopa, exogenous levodopa probably acts predominantly through the
      formation of dopamine in the hypothalamus, but inside the blood-brain barrier,
      rather than as a direct effect of circulating dopamine on the anterior pituitary
      or areas of the hypothalamus outside the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6810205
TI  - Effect of sodium valproate and ethosuximide on phenobarbital plasma protein
      binding.

PMID- 6810206
TI  - Interactions between folates and carbamazepine or valproate in the rat.
AB  - Carbamazepine and valproate each afforded protection against seizures induced by
      electroshock or by inhalation of hexafluorodiethyl ether (HFDE). After injections
      of either anticonvulsant for 10 days, plasma folate concentration decreased, but
      brain folate concentration did not change. Folinic acid administration had no
      effect on the concentration of either anticonvulsant in plasma or brain. These
      findings are in contrast with the demonstrated effects of other anticonvulsants
      on folate biochemistry.

PMID- 6810207
TI  - A stochastic model of epidemics in military recruits.

PMID- 6810208
TI  - Chest pain and abnormal electrocardiogram associated with minoxidil.

PMID- 6810209
TI  - Decubitus ulcers, prevention and management: a review.

PMID- 6810210
TI  - Hypovolemic shock in the military working dog.

PMID- 6810211
TI  - Neonatal meningitis caused by Citrobacter diversus: case report.

PMID- 6810212
TI  - A biomechanical comparison of the running shoe and the combat boot.

PMID- 6810213
TI  - Children of the night.

PMID- 6810214
TI  - Divorce support groups in military settings.

PMID- 6810215
TI  - The perceptions of army physicians and nurses on the relative importance of
      clinical pharmacy services.

PMID- 6810216
TI  - Supraclavicular migration of breast-injected silicone: case report.

PMID- 6810218
TI  - Case for diagnosis: gastric polyp.

PMID- 6810217
TI  - Atypical granular cell tumor: a borderline lesion. Case report.

PMID- 6810219
TI  - Use of two-dimensional contrast echocardiography in the early postoperative
      assessment of septal defect repairs: case report.

PMID- 6810220
TI  - Cervicofacial actinomycosis associated with Eikenella corrodens: case report.

PMID- 6810221
TI  - The USAF Medical Center, Wright-Patterson--a federal health resource.

PMID- 6810222
TI  - Concordance/discordance between blood supply to the atrioventricular node and the
      posterior portion of the left ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6810223
TI  - The effectiveness of a comprehensive appointment system for military sick call in
      a large population: results of studies from William Beaumont Army Medical Center.

PMID- 6810224
TI  - Epidemic histoplasmosis in patients with undifferentiated fever.

PMID- 6810225
TI  - Left-handedness and crossed laterality in school children.

PMID- 6810226
TI  - Empyema thoracis after combat wounds.

PMID- 6810227
TI  - Stake-bite: a syndrome of military reservists.

PMID- 6810228
TI  - Refugee rescue: report of an incident.

PMID- 6810229
TI  - The influence of military well baby clinics on maternal knowledge and health care
      practices.

PMID- 6810230
TI  - Simplified production of 35mm text slides.

PMID- 6810231
TI  - Case for diagnosis: primary pulmonary sporotrichosis.

PMID- 6810232
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra: case report.

PMID- 6810233
TI  - [Pancreas transplantation. I].

PMID- 6810234
TI  - [100 years since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1882-1982). Robert
      Koch, author of the great discovery].

PMID- 6810235
TI  - [Pancreas transplantation. II].
AB  - So far no really successful therapy has been found for diabetes mellitus, though
      it is a common disease and its complications, involving microangiopathy, are
      extremely serious. The serious limitation of all forms of insulin therapy
      (various types of insulin and insulin pump) is the impossibility of achieving a
      fast, successful response to either the variations in blood sugar levels after
      eating or increased glucogenogenesis caused by glycosteroids and adrenalin. The
      prolonged hyperglycaemic peaks which result, may well be one of the possible
      causes of microangiopathy. Only a system which responds to blood sugar variations
      by stimulating adequate insulin secretion immediately will provide correct
      prophylaxis for the complications of diabetes mellitus. At the moment only P
      pancreatic cells have this capacity and in theory pancreas transplantation seems
      to be the best treatment for diabetes. However out of 105 complete pancreas
      transplants only 5 survived for over a year, with the aid of immunosuppressants.
      Equally none of the 66 allotransplants of pancreatic islands in immunosuppressed
      patients was successful in the long term. It is also important to bear in mind
      that long term immunosuppression may prove more dangerous than microangiopathy
      itself. For these reasons a new cell transplant system using molecular sieve
      membranes to create an immunological barrier is being investigated. Although it
      is too early to forecast long-term results, continuous progress is being made and
      recent discoveries about the physiology of beta pancreatic cells encourage the
      belief that this approach may be successful in the future.

PMID- 6810236
TI  - [Cigarette smoke in pregnancy].

PMID- 6810237
TI  - Toad and frog rod photocurrents.
AB  - The size of Bufo marinus and rana pipiens rod photocurrents is similarly affected
      by changes in flash intensity. These species' rods also produce similar
      photocurrents during steady illumination, to which they both adapt. Thus, their
      transduction mechanisms are probably alike. Previous reports that frog and toad
      rod responses are different may have resulted from the use of an unusual
      procedure in which the rod outer segment was isolated from its inner segment.

PMID- 6810238
TI  - A comment on the center for vertical eye movements in the medial prerubral
      subthalamic region of the monkey considering some of its frontal cortical
      afferents.
AB  - Human clinicopathological studies and experimental studies in monkeys have
      accumulated evidence that a critical area for vertical eye movements is located
      in the primate prerubral subthalamic region, but a considerable proliferation of
      terms applied to the same paramedian structures has impeded progress in the
      description of its connectivity. Our anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      studies, following HRP gel implants into paraarcuate frontal cortical areas, shed
      light on the question of its afferents. If one considers the entire spectrum of
      connectivity of the area as studied by various investigators under different
      terminologies, it appears that the cell group in question receives convergent
      inputs from the premotor and prefrontal cerebral cortex, basal ganglia,
      cerebellum, vestibular complex and paramedian pontine reticular formation.

PMID- 6810239
TI  - The relation between excitation and adaptation within the rod's outer segment.
AB  - The relation between excitation and adaptation in vertebrate rod photoreceptors
      was studied by measuring the membrane current of toad rod outer segments in light
      the darkness. Steady illumination attenuated and sped and rod response to
      flashes, and it suppressed membrane current noise. When steady illumination
      ended, the rod's electrical response, the presumably the internal transmitter
      which caused it, decayed quickly, but adaptation's effects persisted temporarily.
      This new observation suggests that excitation and adaptation are loosely coupled
      phenomena which may be mediated by different chemical signals.

PMID- 6810240
TI  - Pharmacological investigation on the role of dopamine in the rat locus coeruleus.
AB  - The role of dopamine (DA) in the rat locus coeruleus (LC) was investigated by
      determining the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), DA and
      noradrenaline (NA) in the LC after pharmacological treatments by pargyline,
      haloperidol, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and desmethylimipramine (DMI). The DA,
      DOPAC and NA contents of the LC were determined by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. Fifteen days after 6-OHDA, the DOPAC and NA levels were reduced
      by 60%, but they remained constant after 6-OHDA + DMI. Pargyline provoked highly
      significant increases in DA and NA but reduced DOPAC to non-measurable amounts.
      haloperidol caused a 54% decrease in the DOPAC levels. Pargyline and haloperidol
      administered to rats having received 6-OHDA + DMI 15 days before, caused similar
      effects on DA, DOPAC and NA levels as those in non-treated rats. It is suggested
      that DOPAC is mainly located in noradrenergic neurons, thus eliminating the
      possibility of a significant DA cell body population in the rat LC.

PMID- 6810241
TI  - Zinc deficiency in a premature infant with severe short bowel syndrome.

PMID- 6810242
TI  - Nursing grand rounds: TPN: the only road home.

PMID- 6810243
TI  - Left ventricular diverticula with mitral valve prolapse and pectus excavatum.

PMID- 6810244
TI  - [Social adjustment of patients with renal insufficiency].

PMID- 6810245
TI  - Centennial of Koch's bacillus.

PMID- 6810246
TI  - Third-generation cephalosporins: comparative antibacterial activity against
      routine clinical isolates.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of five third-generation cephalosporins
      (thienamycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxalactam and cefoperazone) was compared
      with that of three second-generation cephalosporins (cefoxitin, cefamandole and
      cefuroxime) against 313 routine clinical isolates. Thienamycin, ceftazidime,
      cefotaxime and moxalactam had superior activity against coliform bacilli compared
      to cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime. Only three cephalosporins (ceftazidime,
      thienamycin and cefoperazone) had significant activity against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Both third-and second-generation cephalosporins had similar activity
      against gram-positive cocci, except for thienamycin, which was the most active
      cephalosporin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. No single
      cephalosporin showed overall superiority in antibacterial activity, but
      thienamycin and ceftazidime were the most active against the range of bacteria
      tested.

PMID- 6810248
TI  - Machine-assisted cortical clean-up without expensive disposable packs.

PMID- 6810247
TI  - Free antibody after low dose Rh immunoprophylaxis.
AB  - Eighty Rh negative women delivering Rh positive babies were screened for red cell
      antibodies after their routine postnatal dose of 125 micrograms 7S anti D
      immunoglobulin. In all 80 free antibody could be detected. Distribution of titres
      by anti-human globulin (indirect Coombs) and ficin techniques were uninfluenced
      by ABO incompatibility, fetal cell counts, maternal weight or sampling time in
      the few days after immunoprophylaxis. Quantitations determined by autoanalyser
      showed some correlation with these variables. It is suggested that screening for
      free antibody is not the appropriate test to detect large fetomaternal spills
      which would warrant additional immunoprophylaxis.

PMID- 6810249
TI  - Secondary surgical procedures after epikeratophakia.
AB  - Five patients required secondary surgical procedures after receiving
      epikeratophakia grafts. A neonate underwent epikeratophakia in combination with
      extracapsular cataract extraction, followed one week later by peripheral
      iridectomy and nine months later by strabismus surgery. A 53-year-old male had
      surgery to correct retinal detachment 4-1/2 months after epikeratophakia surgery
      for the correction of aphakia. A five-year-old male had epikeratophakia after
      removal of a traumatic cataract; five weeks later, retinal detachment
      necessitated vitrectomy, 360 degrees buckle, and cyclocryotherapy. A 4-1/2-year
      old female had epikeratophakia for aphakia, followed nine months later by
      strabismus surgery. A 38-year-old female with keratoconus received a plano
      epikeratophakia graft, in combination with an extracapsular cataract extraction
      and anterior vitrectomy, followed two weeks later by an Ocutome vitrectomy. In
      all cases, the epikeratophakia grafts and interfaces remained clear, and in four
      of the five patients in whom secondary procedures were successful, vision
      continued to improve with time.

PMID- 6810250
TI  - Does continuity equal quality in the assessment of well-child care?

PMID- 6810251
TI  - The goal attainment scale for psychiatric inpatients: development and use of a
      quality assurance tool.

PMID- 6810252
TI  - Conference on impaired health care professionals.

PMID- 6810253
TI  - The case for prospective and concurrent drug utilization review.

PMID- 6810254
TI  - [Clinical aspects of neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease)].

PMID- 6810255
TI  - [Experience with intensive plasmapheresis in maternal Rh iso-immunization].

PMID- 6810256
TI  - [Experimental investigations on the effect of CO2 laser on living tissue.
      Preliminary report (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810257
TI  - [CO2 laser as a surgical instrument (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810258
TI  - Epiglottitis in children: review of 24 cases.

PMID- 6810259
TI  - Hypotension-induced neuropraxia in the cat facial nerve.

PMID- 6810260
TI  - Management of airway obstruction in children with infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 6810261
TI  - Cervical heterotopic salivary gland neoplasms: a diagnostic dilemma.

PMID- 6810262
TI  - Intracranial metastases of squamous carcinoma via the mandibular branch of the
      trigeminal nerve.

PMID- 6810263
TI  - Skin flap tension and wound slough: correlation with laser Doppler velocimetry.

PMID- 6810264
TI  - Transoral management of pharyngeal diverticula after laryngectomy.

PMID- 6810265
TI  - The hyoid bone syndrome.
AB  - Various causes of head and neck pain have been described in the literature. In
      1954 Brown described a so-called hyoid bone syndrome, ie, tenderness at the site
      of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. His paper, however, did not offer any
      definitive treatment. In 1968 Steinmann reported the hyoid bone syndrome as a
      form of "insertion tendinois," for which he recommended the use of procaine
      hydrochloride injection with corticosteroid at the tip of the greater hyoid cornu
      for relief of pain. The relief, however, was temporary. The purpose of this paper
      is to present the symptom complex of the hyoid bone syndrome, its diagnosis by
      exclusion, and excision of the greater cornu in 18 patients for permanent relief
      of head and neck pain.

PMID- 6810266
TI  - Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx: a series of 33 patients.

PMID- 6810267
TI  - An intraoral self-contained artificial larynx.
AB  - It has been estimated that approximately one third to one half of persons
      undergoing total laryngectomy do not obtain a satisfactory voice. These patients
      remain aphonic or use artificial larynges to facilitate their communication. A
      multidisciplinary group at Thomas Jefferson University has developed a
      miniaturized artificial larynx that fits on a dental prosthesis or dental plate
      which has over a 100-dB sound pressure level output at the source and is powered
      by two hearing aid batteries with a life expectancy of over 100 hours of
      continuous use. Clinical trials have shown that persons using other artificial
      devices quickly adapt to this new artificial larynx, and the first person who
      began using the device, an Italian, commented that he could now use both hands;
      and felt that this was a great help because of his ethnic background.

PMID- 6810268
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of aspiration using a laryngeal stent.
AB  - The use of a laryngeal stent to obturate the glottis and prevent chronic
      aspiration has been described. Comparison with previously described surgical
      techniques used in treating chronic aspiration has been made. We believe
      laryngeal stenting is a good alternative for the initial and temporary treatment
      of chronic aspiration for as long as one year. The main advantage of the
      procedure is that it can be performed and reversed endoscopically. Patients with
      uncorrectable underlying conditions, causing them to chronically aspirate will
      require a more permanent surgical solution to their problem.

PMID- 6810269
TI  - Laryngology: from Galen to Garcia.

PMID- 6810270
TI  - Cancers of the skin of the nose.

PMID- 6810271
TI  - Toynbee revisited: eustachian tubal sonograph.
AB  - The ETS represents a modern version of the Toynbee tube. The ETS replaces the
      tube with sophisticated electronic equipment that amplifies and records the
      sounds of air entering the middle ear. The results of the test correlate well
      with the clinical behavior of the eustachian tube. The ETS does this by
      permitting the auditory tube to function in its normal state. It requires minimal
      patient response and does not require a soundproof room. It allows performance of
      the Toynbee, Politzer, and Valsalva maneuvers with the equipment in place and
      does not interfere with catheterization of the tubal orifice. Medications may be
      applied to the nose and nasopharynx or be given parenterally while the sonograph
      is in place. Thus far, it appears that the ETS is very useful in evaluating
      dysfunction of the eustachian tube.

PMID- 6810272
TI  - A surgical approach to chordomas at the base of the skull.

PMID- 6810273
TI  - Diagnosis and management of drop attacks of vestibular origin: Tumarkin's
      otolithic crisis.
AB  - Erroneous signals of vestibular origin can cause sudden falls without warning.
      Drop attacks of vestibular origin in our experience most commonly occurred in
      patients with late or end-stage endolymphatic hydrops (usually idiopathic, ie,
      Meniere's disease). Eponymically termed Tumarkin's otolithic crisis, drop attacks
      of vestibular origin must be distinguished from drop attacks due to
      cardiovascular abnormalities, seizure disorders, vertebral basilar arterial
      insufficiency (transitory brain stem ischemia), multiple sclerosis, and drug
      induced motor control disturbances. The treatment of choice for drop attacks of
      vestibular origin is either surgical ablation (labyrinthectomy) in the absence of
      serviceable hearing or middle fossa vestibular nerve section in order to preserve
      serviceable hearing.

PMID- 6810274
TI  - Stapes prosthesis comparison.

PMID- 6810275
TI  - Malignant external otitis: a dangerous misnomer?
AB  - Review of our experience in treating 16 patients with malignant external otitis,
      along with survey of the compromised defense mechanisms of diabetic patients,
      confirms the need for immediate, intense, and vigilant therapy. Radioisotope
      scans, high-resolution computed tomography scans, and multidirectional tomograms
      are used to delineate the extent of the disease. Therapy includes intravenous
      aminoglycoside and penicillin derivatives, limited surgery, and hyperbaric
      oxygenation. In view of the tendency for this infection to extend beyond the
      external auditory canal and to produce an invasive lethal osteomyelitis, we feel
      that the tendency to classify this disease as a variant of diffuse external
      otitis may foster undertreatment.

PMID- 6810276
TI  - Delicate scissors for neuro-otologic surgery.

PMID- 6810278
TI  - Chronic otitis media with effusion and allergy: modified RAST analysis of 119
      cases.

PMID- 6810277
TI  - Open rhinoplasty: an assessment.

PMID- 6810280
TI  - [The significance of the discovery of the tubercle bacillus for immunology and
      the study of diseases].

PMID- 6810279
TI  - [Tuberculosis in childhood - retrospective and prospective view (100 years since
      the discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch)].

PMID- 6810281
TI  - [Biographical and literary notes on Robert Koch on the occasion of the 100th
      anniversary - 24 March 1982 - of the announcement of the discovery of the
      tubercle bacillus].

PMID- 6810282
TI  - [In vitro antibacterial activity of eight third generation cephalosporins
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This work report a study of antibacterial activity of eight third generation
      cephalosporins : cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefotiam, ceftazidime,
      ceftriaxone, cefmenoxime and cefotetan. The essential interest of these
      antibiotics is their activity against Enterobacteriaceae resistant to cefalothin
      ; however, five of them are clearly superior ; cefotaxime, moxalactam,
      cefmenoxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. Ceftazidime is the best against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moxalactam against the Bacteroides group. Against
      others bacterial groups, these new cephalosporins are not superior to former
      products.

PMID- 6810283
TI  - [Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin (1589 RB), nalidixic acid
      and flumequin (author's transl)].
AB  - The MIC of the four quinolones were determined for 839 bacterial isolates. The
      mean in vitro activity of pefloxacin against strains susceptible to nalidixic
      acid was found to be four times greater than flumequin, eight times greater than
      pipemidic acid, sixteen times greater than nalidixic acid. On resistant strains
      pefloxacin, at levels lower than 32 micrograms/ml, remained active against 67 go
      100 per cent of the strains as a function of bacterial species. Streptocoques D
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to other quinolones, were found to be
      susceptible to pefloxacin.

PMID- 6810284
TI  - [Regrowth in post-antibiotic period. A new approach based on the early response
      of the growth curve (author's transl)].
AB  - Growth curve studies (MS-2 Abbott) of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      cultures submitted to different beta-lactams concentrations showed that a) the
      maximal values of residual growth (MVRG) observed in the first hours of contact
      between antibiotic and bacteria was either concentration dependent
      (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefsulodin against
      Escherichia coli) or concentration independent (azlocillin, mezlocillin,
      piperacillin against E. coli and all beta-lactams against P. aeruginosa) ; b) a
      relationship was found between MVRG and lag of regrowth in the postantibiotic
      period ; c) the MVRG independent of antibiotic concentration was associated with
      filament formation. This observation may contribute to athe best choice of the
      mode of administration of an antibiotic in therapeutic field (peak level or
      plateau).

PMID- 6810285
TI  - [Practical problems raised by antibiotic minimal inhibitory concentration
      determination in Legionella species (author's transl)].
AB  - Because of culture medium constitution and growth conditions of Legionella
      species, antibiotic Minimal inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination is
      difficult and does not fit with the accepted standards. The following strains
      have been tested : references strains : Staphylococcus aureus Oxford CNCM 53154,
      S. aureus 209P CNCM 53156, E. coli CNCM A224, E. coli CNCM 7324. L. pneumophila,
      9 strains representative of the 6 serogroups. L. micdadei, L. dumoffii. 5
      clinical isolates of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (3 isolated in our Laboratory and
      2 in Belgium). MIC of 17 antibiotics have been determined, among them macrolids
      not tested before. The method used was the Agar Dilution Method, with several
      media compared. MIC values are different in function of the various media tested
      Charcoal yeast extract medium, which is recommended for Legionella growth, does
      not inhibit activity of penicillin G, cefalotin, cefoxitin, amikacin,
      erythromycin and lincosamins, in contrast of tetracyclin, gentamicin, dibekacin,
      chloramphenicol, oleandomycin, pristinamycin, spiramycin and rifampicin.
      Charcoal, ferric pyrophosphate and L-cystein present in the culture medium are
      inactivating factors. However our results confirm good activity of rifampicin,
      erythromycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin. Among the
      others macrolids tested, pristinamycin is the most active.

PMID- 6810286
TI  - [Synergistic activity between ticarcillin, azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime
      and tobramycin or amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)].
AB  - Activity of azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin in combination with
      amikacin or tobramycin was investigated against 17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      isolates. Synergistic activity was evaluated by the microtiter checkerboard
      technique. The bactericidal effect of the antibiotic combination was determined
      by subculturing onto agar and into broth. Synergistic activities of cefsulodin
      and ticarcillin combined with amikacin or tobramycin were similar in the
      inhibitory as well as in the bactericidal tests. Synergistic effects of the
      combination of ceftazidime and amikacin or tobramycin were moderate or
      indifferent in the inhibitory and bactericidal tests. The combination of
      azlocillin and amikacin or tobramycin produced synergistic effects greater in
      bactericidal tests than in inhibitory tests. The bactericidal synergistic
      activities of the combinations of azlocillin, cefsulodin, ticarcillin were
      similar. There was no difference between amikacin and tobramycin combined with a
      beta-lactamine. Antagonism was not observed. A synergistic effect of the
      combinations was observed against 4 isolates resistant to tobramycin and/or
      ticarcillin. However the result of the interaction seemed to depend upon the
      level of resistance to the antibiotic : if the MIC or the MBC of either
      antibiotic in the test combination was very high, synergy could not be achieved.

PMID- 6810287
TI  - [Comparative activity of cefsulodin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and
      Enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].
AB  - Cefsulodin, a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin, is characterized by its activity
      against P. aeruginosa. In this study the authors compared this new molecule with
      other four betalactamines, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin and
      mezlocillin, and two aminoglycosides, amikacin and netilmicin. Two hundred and
      forty five strains studied were 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20 Acinetobacter, 42
      Proteus, 21 Serratia, 22 Enterobacter, 20 Klebsiella and 20 E. coli. One hundred
      twenty strains of these showed carbenicillin resistant phenotype. MIC were
      determined by the agar dilution method. Cefsulodin was only active on Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. MICs were at least 16 mg/l in the other species. On carbenicillin
      susceptible P. aeruginosa strains, the average MIC of cefsulodin, amikacin and
      netilmicin was 1 mg/l, and MICs of azlocillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin and
      carbenicillin were 4-8 mg/l, 8 mg/l, 16 mg/l and 32 mg/l, respectively. On
      carbenicillin resistant P. aeruginosa, ticarcillin and mezlocillin were not
      effective and MICs of azlocillin and cefsulodin were 16 mg/l and 4-8 mg/l,
      respectively. However, MICs were between 64 and 128 mg/l in 20 p. cent of
      carbenicillin resistant strains.

PMID- 6810288
TI  - [Sterilizing activity of the main drugs on the mouse experimental tuberculosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In a first experiment mice infected intravenously with 10(6) Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis were randomly treated either with isoniazid (INH) + rifampicin (RMP)
      25 mg/kg or with INH + RMP + pyrazinamide (PZA) or with INH + RMP + PZA +
      streptomycin (SM). The decrease of the viable counts (CFU) in the lungs was
      similar with all three regimens. In a second experiment, mice were treated for
      six months either with INH + RMP 25 mg/kg or INH + RMP 10 mg/kg. After a follow
      up of six months, mice were killed and their lungs and spleen cultivated.
      Positive cultures were obtained in 7.5 p. cent of the mice treated with the high
      dose of RMP and 36.5 p. cent in the mice treated with the low dose (p less than
      0.05). A third experiment demonstrated that, during the first two months of
      treatment, adding PZA to INH + RMP 10 mg/kg increased significantly the overall
      effectiveness of INH + RMP 10 mg/kg combination. A fourth experiment demonstrated
      that after three initial months of INH + RMP 10 mg/kg, RMP alone was as effective
      as RMP + INH or RMP + INH + PZA. It may be concluded that RMP and PZA are both
      active on the intracellular population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that RMP
      is the only drug to act on persisting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extracellular
      lesions.

PMID- 6810289
TI  - Long-term treatment of childhood hypertension with captopril.

PMID- 6810290
TI  - Materno-fetal pharmacokinetics and fetal distribution of valproic acid in a
      pregnant rhesus monkey.
AB  - Chronic indwelling catheters in the maternal femoral artery and vein, fetal
      carotid artery and jugular vein, and amniotic cavity of a pregnant rhesus monkey
      permitted administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) and collection of timed
      samples of maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid. After a single IV dose
      (50 mg/kg) to the mother, a rapid distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 0.5 minute)
      was followed by a biphasic decline in concentration in maternal blood (t1/2 beta
      = 31 minutes, t1/2 gamma = 390 minutes). VPA appeared rapidly in fetal blood,
      reached a concentration slightly higher than in maternal blood by 15 minutes, and
      thereafter declined in parallel with the concentration in maternal blood.
      Terminal fetal/maternal ratios of blood concentration of VPA were about 1.3.
      Similar patterns of decline were observed after NaVPA was given IV to the fetus.
      A multicompartment first-order materno-fetal pharmacokinetic model is presented.
      Tissue distribution studies in the fetus showed that VPA concentration was
      highest in blood; moderate in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and skeletal muscle;
      and low in brain.

PMID- 6810291
TI  - The metabolic effects of caffeine in the newborn infant.
AB  - We studied the effects of intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg caffeine citrate
      on glucose homeostasis, cardiorespiratory status, and urinary excretion of
      catecholamines and electrolytes in 12 premature infants with recurrent apnea. Six
      infants received intravenous dextrose (5% or 10% in 0.225% saline) during the
      study, and six were fed formula every 3-4 hours. In the intravenously fed
      infants, the plasma glucose concentration postcaffeine did not vary significantly
      from the precaffeine level of 73 +/- 3.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5
      hours. However, in the formula-fed infants, there was a consistent fall in plasma
      glucose levels after caffeine administration. This decrease from a precaffeine
      level of 99 +/- 12 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) approached statistical significance at
      0.5 hours (P = 0.07), and was significantly lower at 1 and 1.5 hours (P less than
      0.02). In five infants, cardiorespiratory status and urinary excretion of
      catecholamines and electrolytes were evaluated for 12-hour periods before and
      after caffeine administration. There was a significant reduction in the number of
      apneic episodes following caffeine administration; however, caffeine did not
      appear to affect mean heart rate or urinary excretion of sodium, potassium,
      epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine. Our data suggest that the effects of
      caffeine on glucose homeostasis may vary with the nature and/or route of
      substrate administration.

PMID- 6810292
TI  - Effects of asphyxia and oral gentamicin on intestinal lactase in the suckling
      rat.
AB  - The effect of oral gentamicin on lactase, the major disaccharidase of the
      neonatal intestine, was studied using the suckling Wistar rat as a model. The
      jejunal lactase-specific activity of asphyxiated animals given oral gentamicin at
      a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for two days was significantly decreased compared to that
      of nonasphyxiated animals given oral saline (P less than 0.01). Although the
      intestinal lactase-specific activity of nonasphyxiated animals given oral
      gentamicin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for two days was not significantly different
      from that of animals given oral saline, a high dose of oral gentamicin (160
      mg/kg/day) was associated with decreased lactase-specific activity in both the
      jejunum and ileum. Intramuscular administration of gentamicin was not associated
      with decreased intestinal lactase-specific activity. More information is needed
      regarding the mechanism of the biochemical injury associated with the oral use of
      aminoglycosides and its clinical significance, if any, in the human infant. Until
      this is known, the potential for such injury should be of special concern where
      prophylaxis against necrotizing enterocolitis is being considered, particularly
      in view of the increased tendency for treated infants to become colonized with
      gram negative organisms resistant to the antibiotic being used.

PMID- 6810293
TI  - Placental transfer of anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid)
      and the elimination from neonates.
AB  - In six full-term newborn infants born to epileptic mothers, the cord-to-maternal
      concentration ratios of anticonvulsants and the plasma disappearance of the drugs
      transferred across the placenta were studied. The respective mean +/- SEM values
      for the ratio of the cord-to-maternal blood concentration were: 0.95 +/- 0.05 (n
      = 5) for phenobarbital (PB), 0.97 +/- 0.04 (n = 3) for phenytoin (PHT), and 1.71
      +/- 0.23 (n = 4) for valproic acid (VPA). The disappearance from the plasma of
      neonates showed a discernible two-component (initially slow and then fast) curve
      for all cases with PB, for one with PHT, and for two with VPA. Half-lives
      calculated from the terminal elimination phase were: 74.0 +/- 8.8 hours for PB (n
      = 5) and 26.8 +/- 4.8 hours (n = 4) for VPA. The half-life value of PB observed
      in this study was found to be shorter than that observed postnatally in the
      previous reports, while that of VPA was two to three times as long as that
      reported from children or adults, but shorter than that from a neonate in the
      literature.

PMID- 6810294
TI  - Terbutaline-induced changes in ovine, fetal and maternal hemodynamics, and fetal
      electroencephalogram.
AB  - Terbutaline has been used in obstetrics to treat premature labor. Its effect was
      studied in six ewes and their fetuses at gestational ages of 140 +/- 0.5 days
      (term approximately 147 days). Terbutaline (1,500 microgram) was infused over
      34.5 minutes to the six anesthetized ewes. Post-baseline changes of maternal and
      fetal blood pressure (MBP, FBP), heart rate (MHR, FHR) and acid-base values,
      uterine blood flow (QUA), fetal cerebral blood flow (QFC), and fetal cerebral
      function (EEG) and metabolism were studied at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes.
      Terbutaline caused maternal tachycardia, hypotension, metabolic acidosis,
      hyperglycemia, and mild lactic acidemia without affecting PO2, O2 saturation
      (O2%), O2 content, or uterine blood flow. In the fetus, metabolic acidosis,
      lactic acidemia, hyperglycemia, and increased glucose consumption resulted,
      whereas PO2, PCO2, O2 consumption, fetal cerebral blood flow, heart rate, blood
      pressure, and EEG remained unchanged. It is suggested that terbutaline, although
      causing transient maternal tachycardia and hypotension, does not decrease uterine
      blood flow or alter fetal PO2 or EEG. It is further suggested that it reduces
      maternal and fetal pH due to lactic acidemia.

PMID- 6810295
TI  - Comparison of the effects of phenobarbital and its hydroxylated metabolites on
      drug-metabolizing enzymes during ontogenesis.
AB  - Twenty-two-day-old fetal and five-day-old newborn rats were pretreated with
      phenobarbital and its hydroxylated metabolites. Drug-metabolizing enzymes
      (cytochrome P450, epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and glutathione
      S-transferase) and microsomal ribonuclease were not modified in fetuses treated
      with 80 or 400 mg . kg-1 of p-hydroxyphenobarbital, in spite of its accumulation
      in fetal liver. At fetal age, phenobarbital was a poor inducer of drug
      metabolizing enzymes. In five-day-old newborns, p-hydroxyphenobarbital provoked a
      proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum without enzyme induction, whereas
      phenobarbital induced some drug-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, the effects of p
      hydroxyphenobarbital and phenobarbital are retained in five-day-old rats, but
      undetectable in the fetuses.

PMID- 6810296
TI  - Respiratory effects of TRH in preterm rabbits.
AB  - The respiratory activity in newborn preterm (29 days gestation) rabbits was
      studied after administration of thyrotropic releasing hormone. Intraperitoneal
      injection induced an increase in respiratory frequency (f) and a decrease in
      tidal volume (VT) resulting in a slight increase in pulmonary ventilation (VE).
      These effects were seen in parallel to a decrease in expiratory time (TE) and
      respiratory time (TTOT). An increase in the TI/TTOT ratio but (unaffected) VT/TI
      ratio indicates that thyrotropic releasing hormone affects "respiratory timing"
      mechanisms rather than "inspiratory drive." The changes in respiratory parameters
      are most probably due to an effect on the central respiratory controlling centers
      in the brain stem.

PMID- 6810297
TI  - Age-dependent utilization of D-beta-OH-butyrate and oleic acid as glucose
      substitutes by neonatal mouse brain cell cultures.

PMID- 6810298
TI  - Nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings: effects on preterm neonates in an
      intensive care unit.
AB  - Preterm neonates (mean 32 weeks' gestation, 1,300 gm birth weight) were provided
      a pacifier for nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings in the intensive care
      nursery. Their clinical course, subsequent bottle feeding behavior, and
      performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment scale were compared
      with those of control group infants. The infants provided with pacifiers averaged
      27 fewer tube feedings, started bottle feeding three days earlier, averaged a
      greater weight gain per day, and were discharged eight days earlier for an
      average hospital cost savings of approximately $3,500. Formula intake was similar
      for the two groups, although nurses appeared to provide more feeding stimulation
      for the control infants. On the Brazelton scale, the infants provided with
      pacifiers showed weak reflexes more frequently. Increased restfulness and
      diminished activity level in these infants may have contributed to the appearance
      of weak reflexes. The consistency between these findings and those of previous
      investigators suggests that the provision of a pacifier for nonnutritive sucking
      during tube feedings may be a cost-effective form of intervention.

PMID- 6810299
TI  - Management of fractures in hemophilia.
AB  - Nine patients with hemophilia A suffered 16 fractures. Four patients had severe
      hemophilia (factor VIII less than 1%) and five had moderate or mild hemophilia
      (factor VIII between 4% and 25%). Two patients developed skeletal pseudotumors
      after their fractures. One patient developed neurapraxia. Fractures in
      hemophiliacs should be treated promptly with 25 units/kg/day of factor. Fractures
      of the upper limb should be maintained at this dose for seven days; lower
      extremity fractures should be treated with factor for 14 days. Orthopedic
      management should be the same as used for nonhemophiliacs. Skeletal pseudotumors
      should be managed with prolonged factor administration and immobilization until
      radiographic evidence of healing occurs.

PMID- 6810300
TI  - Chloral hydrate and the carbon dioxide chemoreceptor response: a study of puppies
      and infants.
AB  - CO2 chemoreceptor function was assessed during natural sleep and following the
      administration of 100 mg/kg of chloral hydrate to 26 puppies. With chloral
      hydrate-induced sleep, there were no significant changes in ventilation or in CO2
      chemoreceptor response. The ventilation and CO2 chemoreceptor response of a group
      of infants in natural sleep were compared with those of a group receiving 50
      mg/kg of chloral hydrate. Tidal volume O2 consumption, and CO2 elimination were
      slightly higher in the group given chloral hydrate. There was no difference in
      the CO2 chemoreceptor response. The proportion of time spent in rapid eye
      movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in chloral hydrate-induced
      sleep was similar to that occurring in natural sleep. Use of chloral hydrate
      stabilizes O2 consumption sleep. Use of chloral hydrate stabilizes O2 consumption
      and CO2 production, and it greatly facilitates the assessment of chemoreceptor
      function in infants. The CO2 chemoreceptor response appears not to be altered in
      puppies or infants.

PMID- 6810301
TI  - Aspergillus osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent adolescent: a case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A black male adolescent with intact cellular and humoral immunity developed
      Aspergillus flavus-caused osteomyelitis involving the right tibial epiphysis
      following penetrating injury to that area. There was an apparent cure following
      amphotericin B therapy for six weeks. The clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic
      features of this case are described and compared with those in previously
      published cases. This case report represents the first well documented case of
      Aspergillus osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent host. The increasing incidence of
      invasive disease due to Aspergillus species and the increased awareness of the
      incidence of mycotic bone infections, particularly in pediatric patients, may
      allow further definition of pathogenesis and appropriate therapy.

PMID- 6810302
TI  - Percutaneous insertion of silastic central venous catheters in newborn infants.
AB  - Percutaneous insertion of a very narrow (0.635-nm outside diameter) Silastic
      catheter for delivery of central hyperalimentation was performed on infants in
      the Newborn Intensive Care Center. Insertion of the catheter into the external
      jugular or basilic vein was successful in 15/17 (88%) infants, including four
      weighing less than 1,000 gm. Catheters remained in place for 446 patient-days
      (mean 24.8 +/- 15.9 days). Culture-proven infection, thrombophlebitis, or caval
      obstruction did not occur. Percutaneously placed central Silastic catheters
      proved to be a safe and effective alternative to surgically placed catheters.

PMID- 6810303
TI  - Does carbon dioxide play a role in retrolental fibroplasia?

PMID- 6810304
TI  - A simple modification of the intermittent gavage feeding technique in low-birth
      weight infants.

PMID- 6810305
TI  - [Use of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) test in the diagnosis of
      puberal disorders in children].

PMID- 6810306
TI  - [Local recurrence of breast carcinoma and its radiation therapy: a consideration
      about treatment portals for recurrent lesions (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810307
TI  - [Risk of infection in surgery. Immunologic approach].

PMID- 6810308
TI  - [Chronic urticaria and macroglobulinemia].

PMID- 6810309
TI  - [Treatment of neoplastic hypercalcemia with ethane 1-hydroxy-1 diphosphonate in
      low dosage].

PMID- 6810310
TI  - [Needle catheter jejunostomy. An improved technique for enteral feeding (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors have perfected the method of needle catheter jejunostomy introduced
      in 1973 for enteral feeding. Using the Seldinger technique reduces the risks of
      leakage, intra-operative haematoma and fistula following removal of the catheter.
      The operative procedure is described and the preliminary results are reported.

PMID- 6810311
TI  - [Thrombotic microangiopathy and chronic renal failure caused by mitomycin C in 4
      women treated for breast cancer].

PMID- 6810312
TI  - [Air-conditioner disease. Results of an industrial medicine survey (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The results of a survey conducted in a company employing 1850 persons working in
      air-conditioned premises are reported. One hundred and five persons were
      examined, including 790 who mostly complained of respiratory disorders and 20
      controls. Regular check-ups during the last two years have failed to reveal any
      serious disease. The most frequent complaints were rhinitis and tracheitis,
      especially among female employees. No alveolitis was observed. The finding of
      Bacillus subtilis in samples of ambient air and air-conditioner filters in
      conjunction with the presence of precipitating antibodies against crude extracts
      from these samples, suggested that the respiratory disorders might have been due
      to this microorganism. A multifactorial analysis demonstrated a statistically
      significant correlation between clinical symptoms and immunological disorders.
      The air-conditioner disease, therefore, may present as a benign condition.

PMID- 6810313
TI  - [Acute renal failure after exposure to dynamite].

PMID- 6810314
TI  - Forging links.

PMID- 6810315
TI  - A new look.

PMID- 6810316
TI  - Clinical nurse specialist in the nutritional therapy team.

PMID- 6810317
TI  - Modification of mammary carcinogenesis and tissue peroxidation by selenium
      deficiency and dietary fat.

PMID- 6810318
TI  - The effect of intestinal microflora on the enterohepatic circulation of
      mercapturic acid pathway metabolites.
AB  - The metabolism of four xenobiotics, pentachloromethylthiobenzene, 2-chloro-n-iso
      propylacetanilide, 2-acetamido-4-(chloromethyl) thiazole and 2,4',5
      trichlorobiphenyl, which are known to be metabolized via the mercapturic acid
      pathway, was examined in germfree and conventional rats. An essential role for
      the intestinal flora in the metabolism of the above compounds and in the
      production of certain metabolites was established. Mechanisms for the formation
      of these latter metabolites from the mercapturates are proposed. These mechanisms
      involve enterohepatic circulation and metabolism by the intestinal flora. The
      significance of xenobiotic metabolism by the intestinal microflora is discussed.

PMID- 6810319
TI  - Influence of diet on mammary cancer.
AB  - Analysis of epidemiological data and experiments with animals have provided
      evidence that dietary fat has an important influence on mammary cancer. Further
      epidemiological studies should be carried out to examine this relationship more
      fully, and additional experimental work is required to determine the mechanisms
      by which dietary fat influences mammary cancer in animals. Dietary carbohydrate
      and minor dietary components, such as retinoids and certain trace elements, have
      also been shown to influence mammary cancer in animals. Decreasing the fat
      content of the diet may offer a practical means of reducing mortality from breast
      cancer, which continues to be a major cause of death in many parts of the world.

PMID- 6810320
TI  - Implications of seasonal variations in aflatoxin B1 levels in Nigerian market
      foods.
AB  - Aflatoxin B1 levels were determined in Nigerian rural and urban market foods from
      1977 to 1978. In general, levels were found to be highest during the peak rainy
      season, and the data suggest that livestock and humans are at highest risk from
      aflatoxicosis during this time. The incubation period for humans and nonhumans
      varies, and the risk to man from seasonal exposure to aflatoxin is assessed and
      reviewed. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients showed first symptoms of
      tumors during the dry season.

PMID- 6810321
TI  - Cell separation: a positive process.

PMID- 6810322
TI  - Environments. 2. Private thoughts.

PMID- 6810323
TI  - [Behavior of pepsin in childhood and its correlation with gastric acid
      secretion].
AB  - Little attention has been given to the gastric secretion of pepsin in children.
      The purpose of this paper is to define the behaviour of peptic concentration
      (UI/ml) and Basal (BPO) and Stimulated (SPO) Peptic Outputs in children with
      normal and altered gastric acid secretion. 54 children, aged 15 months to 12
      years, were studied: 20 of them were normal, 20 had gastric hypersecretion and 14
      were hyposecretors. In the normal subjects the BPO is inversely correlated with
      age, while the SPO increases with the body weight, but this increment diminishes
      after the age of 6 years. From these data one can assume that the gastric
      principal cells reach their functional maturity around the age of 6 years. In the
      hypersecretors peptic and acid secretions are not correlated in basal conditions,
      while after pentagrastrin stimulation peptic secretion is greater than in normal
      subjects but not as the acid one. The SPO is correlated with body weight and
      height. The different behaviour of hydrochloric acid and pepsin is probably due
      to the use of pentagrastrin, which is a specific stimulant of oxyntic but not of
      principal cells. In the hyposecretors both BPO and SPO are lower than in normal
      children and no correlation was found with age, body weight and acid secretion.

PMID- 6810324
TI  - [I - Cost/benefit analysis of the postoperative transanastomotic splint in Cohen
      uretero-vesical reimplants].

PMID- 6810325
TI  - [Diagnostic value of hypophyseal stimulation by the thyreoliberin test].

PMID- 6810326
TI  - [Assessment of the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis in patients with
      uncontrolled liver cirrhosis. I. Effect of exogenous thyreoliberin (TRH)].

PMID- 6810327
TI  - [Small doses of insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6810328
TI  - [Effect of atenolol on the excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites and
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in patients with essential hypertension].

PMID- 6810329
TI  - Idiopathic obstructive eosinophilic enteritis with raised IgE: response to oral
      disodium cromoglycate.

PMID- 6810330
TI  - Glutaraldehyde gel for warts.

PMID- 6810331
TI  - [The mode of action and uses of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of
      obstructive respiratory disorders with special reference to occupation-induced
      asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810332
TI  - Correct prenatal diagnosis of a Hurler fetus where amniotic fluid cell cultures
      were of maternal origin.
AB  - Contamination of amniotic fluid cell cultures by maternal cells can be expected
      to lead to misdiagnosis of fetal genotype in 0.1 to 0.5/100 cultures, when assays
      are carried out directly on cultured cells. Chemical analysis of the cell-free
      amniotic fluid supernatant may overcome this source of error and has the added
      advantages of speed and independence from amniotic cell culture failure. We
      describe a pregnancy at risk for Hurler's disease where amniotic cells cultured
      at amniocentesis had a female karyotype and an alpha-iduronidase activity towards
      both phenyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates at the lower end of the normal
      range, suggesting a heterozygous fetus. An affected fetus was predicted, however,
      because of a high concentration of dermatan sulphate in the amniotic fluid. The
      discrepancy between these findings was shown to be due to maternal cell
      contamination of amniotic fluid cell cultures by the birth of a male infant with
      Hurler's disease.

PMID- 6810333
TI  - Mild hypertension--when and how to treat it.

PMID- 6810334
TI  - [Effect of boric acid, freezing and lyophilization on the immunological and
      physicochemical properties of antirhesus sera].

PMID- 6810335
TI  - [Importance of refining the bacteriologic diagnosis of tuberculosis toward
      improving the performance of anti-tuberculosis institutions].

PMID- 6810336
TI  - [Role of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha in pulmonary physiology and pathology].

PMID- 6810337
TI  - Long-term experience with chronic peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6810338
TI  - Two year experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6810339
TI  - Basilic vein to brachial artery, arteriovenous fistula for long-term
      hemodialysis: a five year follow-up.

PMID- 6810340
TI  - Blood access without percutaneous punctures.

PMID- 6810341
TI  - Paid aides in home hemodialysis: no panacea.

PMID- 6810342
TI  - Severe renal failure in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6810343
TI  - The relative effect of leukopenia and dialysate composition on the dialysis
      associated hypoxemia.

PMID- 6810344
TI  - Advantage of long-term alternate day steroid therapy in renal transplantation: a
      controlled study.

PMID- 6810345
TI  - Nutritional measurements ad urea kinetics to guide intradialytic
      hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6810346
TI  - Morphological correlations with Nichols Institute PTH assay, comparison of
      biterminal and C-terminal antisera in hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 6810347
TI  - The cardiovascular response to the Valsalva maneuver and sustained handgrip test
      in patients on hemodialysis.

PMID- 6810348
TI  - Modified leukopenic response and complement activation during dialyzer reuse.

PMID- 6810349
TI  - Two years clinical experience with short hour high efficiency hemofiltration.

PMID- 6810350
TI  - Evaluation of neurologic dysfunction in children with chronic renal disease by
      neurometrics.

PMID- 6810351
TI  - Dialyzer reuse: a long-term study of safety and efficacy at one center.

PMID- 6810352
TI  - Long-term rehabilitation of transplant patients.
AB  - In conclusion, 148 patients transplanted between 1970-3 have been evaluated in
      terms of quality of life. Nondiabetic long-term transplant patients showed high
      levels of improvement and rehabilitation among multiple dimensions. While
      diabetic patients also showed improvement, many problems remain for this group.

PMID- 6810353
TI  - Total parathyroidectomy for post-transplantation hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6810354
TI  - Prevention of dialysis induced hypoxemia with bicarbonate dialysate--role of
      acetate in etiology.

PMID- 6810355
TI  - Evolution of techniques for multiple use of dialyzers.

PMID- 6810356
TI  - Functional properties of dialyzers at initial and subsequent use.

PMID- 6810357
TI  - Mass transport in reused dialyzers.

PMID- 6810358
TI  - The effect on patient health of using reprocessed artificial kidneys.

PMID- 6810359
TI  - Effect of multiple use of dialyzers on intradialytic symptoms.

PMID- 6810360
TI  - Islet cell transplantation.

PMID- 6810361
TI  - Demonstration of active tolerance in maintenance of established islet of
      Langerhans allografts.
AB  - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice can be reversed by transplantation of
      islets of Langerhans from histoincompatible mice if the islets are treated with
      anti-Ia-serum and complement before transplantation. Here we show that anti-Ia
      treated islets most likely induce tolerance in the recipient animals. Daily
      injections of recipient-specific anti-I-J-serum (beginning 80 or more days after
      transplantation) and small numbers of donor splenocytes caused the prompt
      rejection of the islets in half of the animals; neither anti-I-J-serum nor donor
      splenocytes alone were effective. It is likely that rejection of established
      allografts after this treatment is the result of abolition of the activity of
      allograft-specific suppressor cells.

PMID- 6810362
TI  - The part played by variation of energy expenditure in the regulation of energy
      balance.

PMID- 6810363
TI  - [Family planning in the nursing curriculum].

PMID- 6810364
TI  - [Organizational models for nursing functions].

PMID- 6810365
TI  - [Small nursing teams in a hospital unit: organizational problems as exemplified
      by Italian experience].

PMID- 6810366
TI  - [The nursing record. A proposal].

PMID- 6810367
TI  - [A colleague to remember: Yvonne Tasini].

PMID- 6810368
TI  - [Experience in training in school health services].

PMID- 6810369
TI  - Conjunctival biopsy for diagnosis of lysosomal disorders.

PMID- 6810370
TI  - Transitions in extracellular macromolecules during avian ocular development.
AB  - The macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix of avian ocular tissues
      undergo complex transitions during the course of development. Two of these
      tissues in particular, the cornea and vitreous body, have been studied in
      reference to their glycosaminoglycan and collagen components. During early stages
      of development, the corneal stroma is an acellular structure composed of
      orthogonally arranged fibrils containing types I and II collagens with associated
      chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycan. These are produced by the corneal epithelium.
      Type IV collagen and proteoglycan are also present in the epithelial basement
      membrane. The endothelium produces hyaluronate and possibly type IV collagen.
      Subsequently, the stroma becomes highly hydrated, swells and is invaded by
      mesenchymal cells which initially produce large amounts of hyaluronate. These
      cells then differentiate to corneal fibroblasts which synthesize mainly type I
      collagen and chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate-proteoglycans, the major
      components of the mature corneal matrix. At this time hyaluronidase activity
      increases in the cornea and the hyaluronate is removed; the tissue loses water,
      shrinks, and becomes transparent. Two major extracellular components of the avian
      vitreous body during the course of its development are chondroitin sulfate and
      type II collagen. Early in development these components are synthesized and
      secreted into the vitreous by the neural retina whereas subsequently they are
      derived from cells within the vitreous body itself. Possible structural and
      morphogenetic roles of these extracellular macromolecules relate to the
      stabilization of tissue phenotype and cellular migration.

PMID- 6810371
TI  - Normal and abnormal ocular development in man.

PMID- 6810372
TI  - The eye in connective tissue diseases.

PMID- 6810373
TI  - Macular corneal dystrophy-a localized disorder of mucopolysaccharides metabolism?

PMID- 6810375
TI  - Cell determination in Drosophila melanogaster embryo.

PMID- 6810374
TI  - Left-handed Z-DNA: a DNA structure with biological function?

PMID- 6810376
TI  - Loss of the ability to form pole cells in Drosophila embryos with artificially
      delayed nuclear arrival at the posterior pole.

PMID- 6810377
TI  - The physiology of MSH.

PMID- 6810379
TI  - GC/MS quantification and identification of endogenous tetrahydro-beta-carbolines
      in rat brain and adrenal.

PMID- 6810378
TI  - Gonadal hormones and gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 6810380
TI  - Peptides, the pineal gland and thermoregulation.

PMID- 6810381
TI  - Effect of some vasodilating and antihypertensive drugs on the in vitro
      biosynthesis of prostaglandins from (1-14C) arachidonic acid in washed human
      blood platelets.
AB  - Effects of some vasodilating (oxyfedrine, dipyridamole, verapamil and nifedipine)
      and antihypertensive (propranolol, hydralazine, prazosin and dihydralazine) drugs
      on the human blood platelet biosynthesis of prostaglandins from labelled
      arachidonic acid have been examined in vitro. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production in
      platelets and their aggregation in presence of these drugs were also studied. All
      the drugs inhibited the generation of thromboxane A2 which correlated well with
      the reduced platelet formation of MDA in presence of several of these drugs. In
      case of seven of the eight drugs, separation of HHT from HETE could be made.
      Values of these metabolites - especially those of HHT were found to be reduced,
      thus supporting the MDA and TxA2 data. With several of these drugs, ADP-induced
      platelet aggregation was inhibited either completely or partially. The results
      show that the well-known completely or partially. The results show that the well
      known effects of these drugs might well be augmented by their effect on the
      platelet metabolism of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6810382
TI  - Assay of plasma endogenous inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin synthase using an enzyme
      incubation - radioimmunoassay method.
AB  - A simple, reliable method with validations is described for the routine
      measurement of endogenous inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin synthase in blood plasma.
      Appropriate dilutions of plasma samples are incubated with bovine seminal vesicle
      prostaglandin synthase, sodium arachidonate and reduced glutathione.
      Prostaglandin E2 production is then quantitated by radioimmunoassay. The relative
      inhibitory potency of plasma samples is determined by comparison of prostaglandin
      E2 content in sample incubations with that of control incubations containing no
      plasma dilution. Possible applications and the suitability of this methodological
      approach are discussed.

PMID- 6810383
TI  - Formation of arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolites by human fetal membranes,
      uterine decidua vera and placenta.
AB  - Homogenates (1000 x g supernatant fraction) of human amnion, chorion laeve,
      decidua vera and placenta were incubated with [1(-14)C] arachidonic acid in the
      presence or absence of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity and
      nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), an inhibitor of lipoxygenase activity. After
      incubation, the products were extracted with ethyl acetate and identified by thin
      layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The major
      lipoxygenase products formed by human amnion, decidua vera and placenta were 12-L
      hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatretetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and smaller amounts of 5
      HETE. Chorion laeve produced only a trace amount of 12-HETE. The formation of
      these products was abolished by NDGA and slightly stimulated by indomethacin.
      These findings demonstrate the existence of lipoxygenase activity in human intra
      uterine tissues and suggest that products of lipoxygenase activity in these
      tissues may regulate the recruitment of leukocytes and/or macrophages during
      pregnancy and parturition.

PMID- 6810384
TI  - A platelet phospholipase inhibitor from the medicinal herb feverfew (Tanacetum
      parthenium).
AB  - Feverfew has been used since antiquity to treat fevers and other inflammatory
      conditions. Feverfew extracts were found to inhibit ADP, thrombin, or collagen
      induced aggregation of human platelets, but significantly, did not affect
      aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. Synthesis of thromboxane B2 from
      exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid was also not inhibited. Washed platelets
      prelabelled with 14C-AA responded normally to thrombin by releasing 14C-TXB2.
      This was completely blocked by feverfew. A purified platelet phospholipase A2 was
      inhibited by the material with an I50 of 0.1 antiplatelet units. The
      pharmacological properties of feverfew may thus be due to an inhibitor of
      cellular phospholipases, which prevents release of arachidonic acid in response
      to appropriate physiological stimuli.

PMID- 6810385
TI  - Effects of TRH on acquisition and extinction of shuttlebox-avoidance behavior in
      Fischer344 rats.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was injected intraperitoneally into male
      Fischer344 rats in doses ranging between 1 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to assess the
      effects on the acquisition and extinction of shuttlebox-avoidance behavior.
      Administration of 20 mg/kg TRH resulted in a rapid acquisition of avoidance
      behavior in early training trials. This enhancement did not involve changes in
      the occurrence of anticipatory responses to an inevitable shock but was
      correlated with an increase of concurrent intertrial-responses. Thus, the
      behavioral changes observed would be a reflection of TRH-induced changes on motor
      activity. TRH treatment did not alter the resistance to extinction of the
      avoidance response. This finding is corroborated by the fact that rats given the
      TRH treatment withheld the well-learned response to a warning signal, when this
      response was selectively punished after initial acquisition stage.

PMID- 6810386
TI  - Animal model of depression: tests of three structurally and pharmacologically
      novel antidepressant compounds.
AB  - Previous studies have identified behavioral and neuroendocrine abnormalities in
      chronically stressed rats which resemble some of the more prominent features of
      clinical depression. These abnormalities have proved responsive to
      pharmacotherapy by standard antidepressant drugs and related somatic treatments.
      Several structurally and pharmacologically atypical compounds, resembling neither
      standard agents, nor each other, have recently been identified as clinically
      effective antidepressants. There drugs do not show typical preclinical response
      profiles in other drug screening tests and, therefore, represent critical
      instances for evaluating the selectivity of the chronic stress model. Three drugs
      were tested, these being iprindole, bupropion, and mianserine; a tricyclic
      indole, propriophenone, and tetracyclic compound respectively. Four circulating
      measures, which previously proved most useful in discriminating antidepressant
      potential, and a measure of circulating corticosterone were obtained for subjects
      examined factorially in a 2x2x2 experimental design (chronic stress vs none,
      acute stress vs none, and drugs vs control). All compounds proved capable of
      reversing chronic stress induced behavioral deficits, and all but one compound
      reversed the attendant basal hypersecretion of corticosterone. These findings
      argue that the chronic stress model provides an accurate and selective assessment
      of the therapeutic potential of both standard and structurally novel compounds.

PMID- 6810387
TI  - Effects of inhibitors on monoamine oxidase activity in mouse brain.

PMID- 6810388
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on contractility of isolated human umbilical artery.
AB  - Contractions of isolated strips of human umbilical artery (HUA) induced by
      arachidonic acid were antagonized by indomethacin at concentrations as low as 1
      microgram/ml. Much higher concentrations (25 and 65 microgram/ml) were needed to
      relax KCl-contracted strips of HUA. These data suggest that indomethacin at 1
      microgram/ml inhibits endogenous synthesis of vasoconstrictive prostaglandin-like
      substances whereas indomethacin at higher concentrations causes nonspecific
      relaxation. Contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), KCl and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were antagonized by indomethacin at 25 and 65
      microgram/ml, but not at 2.5 microgram/ml. These data suggest that the
      contractile responses to 5-HT, KCl and PGF2 alpha are not mediated by endogenous
      prostaglandin-like substances. Contractions induced by adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP), in contrast, were completely inhibited by indomethacin (1 microgram/ml).
      Therefore, the data suggest that prostaglandin-like substances may mediate
      contractions to ATP.

PMID- 6810389
TI  - [Thermal treatment: current therapeutic status].
AB  - The author analyses the various factors and events which prompt the thermal cure
      to become the treatment of today : progress made in research methodology involve
      the analysis of climatological data as well as the use of comparative techniques
      in clinical pharmacology. The socio-cultural environment plays a favorable
      psychological role, particularly amongst elderly patients very properly being
      treated by non-iatrogenic soft drugs. A better use made of the French thermal
      heritage should mean the possibility of treating a greater number of patients in
      this way, and the efforts made by the State, subsequent to the conclusions
      submitted by the Working Party on thermalism in France chaired by Dr Guy Ebrard,
      underline the contemporaneity of the problem.

PMID- 6810391
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine amino acid dynamics in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6810390
TI  - LDH activity in the pregnant uterus of the rat subjected to hypergravitational
      conditions (2 g).

PMID- 6810392
TI  - [Correlations between biochemical data and clinical course of newborn infants].

PMID- 6810393
TI  - [Certain aspects of the biochemistry of urine in families with handicapped
      children].

PMID- 6810394
TI  - Surgical stress and circadian rhythm of cardiac dynamics.

PMID- 6810395
TI  - Functional peculiarities of the heart in the aged.
AB  - The dynamics of the heart contraction was studied on 126 subjects of different
      age (3rd--8th decades), using the classical noninvasive method, and the
      electrocardiogram, the phonocardogram and the external carotid arterial pulse
      were simultaneously recorded. In a smaller number of cases there was recorded the
      apexcardiogram or the echogram of the mitral valve. There was ascertained a
      prolongation of the pre-ejection period (PEP) with advance in age, while the left
      ventricular ejection time (LVET) was not significantly modified. The LVET/PEP
      ratio decreased significantly with age. The isovolumic relaxation time, estimated
      by means of the apexcardiogram, was prolonged in the aged subjects. The echogram
      of the mitral valve showed a diminution of the E--F slope, demonstrating that the
      filling rate in the protodiastole decreases in the advanced age. This decrease
      may reflect a reduction with age in the rate of the opening movement of the
      mitral valve imposed by the inherent modifications either of the mitral valve or
      of the left ventricle. The delay of the protodiastolic filling of the ventricle
      can be attributed to the slowing down of the ventricle relaxation or to the
      increase of the left ventricle wall stiffness in the aged.

PMID- 6810396
TI  - [Repolarization of the ventricular myocardium in anterior left fasicular block.
      Experimental and clinical study].

PMID- 6810397
TI  - The predictive value of V3R--V4R precordial leads in the occurrence of conduction
      disturbances in inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

PMID- 6810398
TI  - Endocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. V. Special
      reference to the involvements of the renal and cerebral renin-angiotensin
      systems.

PMID- 6810399
TI  - Taste responses to neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats and baboon monkeys.
AB  - Preference-aversion behavior to solutions containing neohesperidin
      dihydrochalcone (NHDHC) was studied rats and baboon monkeys. Electrophysiological
      responses evoked by application of NHDHC solutions to taste receptors innervated
      by the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerves were also measured. As a
      group, rats were indifferent to solutions containing up to 1.2 x 10(-3) M NHDHC
      in short and long-term preference tests. A solution containing the very high
      concentration of 8.2 x 10(-3) M NHDHC was consumed less than water by all rats.
      The aversive behavior of rats to the 8.2 x 10(-3) M NHDHC solution appeared to be
      due to taste quality rather than olfaction. When percent preferences were
      calculated on an individual basis for the long-term preference tests, 59% of the
      rats were indifferent to solutions containing up to 1.2 x 10(-3) M NHDHC, 33% of
      the animals found this solution aversive and less than 8% showed preference.
      Behavioral responses to a solution of 3.4 x 10(-4) M aspartame also varied
      considerably among rats. The electrophysiological data were in line with the
      behavioral responses suggesting weak taste responses for NHDHC in rats. More
      pronounced responses observed in the glossopharyngeal nerve as compared to the
      chorda tympani. Baboon monkeys showed a strong preference for solutions
      containing 1.6 x 10(-5) M-1.6 x 10(-3) M NHDHC. A solution of 1.6 x 10(-2) M was
      consumed to a lesser extent than water. It is concluded that baboon monkeys
      present a better experimental model than rats for investigating the sweetness of
      NHDHC.

PMID- 6810400
TI  - The combined medial and lateral gastrocnemius musculocutaneous V-Y island
      advancement flap.

PMID- 6810401
TI  - "Symptomless" autoimmune thyroiditis in depression.
AB  - The magnitude of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response induced by
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) helps identify patients whose thyroid is
      failing. Many of these patients have been found to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
      symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), and subclinical hypothyroidism. While
      patients with SAT are clinically euthyroid, what might be "symptomless" for the
      endocrinologist might be a syndrome presenting with psychiatric symptoms to the
      psychiatrist. As a preliminary test of this hypothesis, we tested 100 consecutive
      admissions to a psychiatric hospital who complained of depression or lack of
      energy. Fifteen (15%) of 100 patients were identified from the baseline thyroxin
      (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake (RU), T3 radioimmunoassay (T3RIA), TSH,
      and TRH test who met criteria for either subclinical, mild, or overt
      hypothyroidism. Of these 15 patients, 9 (60%) had positive thyroid microsomal
      antibodies with titers of greater than or equal to 1:10. Our data suggest that
      SAT is not symptomless and may be an important diagnosis to consider in the
      evaluation of depressed, anergic, or atypical patients.

PMID- 6810402
TI  - Circadian variation of serum thyrotropin in endogenous depression.
AB  - The circadian variation of serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH)
      was studied in nine patients with endogenous depression before and after
      recovery. Depressed state did not appear to influence the pattern of TSH. When 2
      mg of dexamethasone was administered, serum TSH was significantly reduced for 18
      hours, whereafter the effect leveled off. The TSH response to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) was evaluated 25 hours after the administration of
      dexamethasone and the response was found to be unchanged.

PMID- 6810403
TI  - Rapid-onset reversible renal impairment during lithium treatment.

PMID- 6810404
TI  - Respiratory muscle function and ventilatory control. I in patients with motor
      neurone disease. II in patients with myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6810405
TI  - "Clinical diabetes update-1981".

PMID- 6810406
TI  - Advanced carcinoma of the nasopharynx. A clinical study of 274 patients.
AB  - A total of 274 patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was treated
      in eight Veterans Administration Hospitals over a period of 22 years. Of the 274
      patients, 256 (93%) had squamous-cell carcinoma, while 18 (7%) had other tumors.
      Most of the squamous-cell carcinoma patients (82%) had Stage IV disease; cervical
      lymph node metastases were found in 193 (75%), and distant metastases were
      present in 22 (9%). The actuarial 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates for the 256
      squamous-cell carcinoma patients were 15%, 10%, and 7%, while they were 49%, 42%,
      and 35% for the 18 patients with other tumors (p = 0.006). There was a
      progressive decrease in 5-year survival with the increase in the stage of tumor.
      The survival of the 63 patients without metastases was better than the survival
      of the 193 patients with cervical metastases (24% vs. 12% at 5 years, p = 0.03).
      The presence of T4 disease or Initial Performance Status of less than 80 on the
      Karnofsky Scale indicated a poor prognosis (p = 0.0001). Treatment failure
      occurred in 83% of the patients by 2 years after therapy and was due to the lack
      of tumor control at the primary site. Advanced (N3) cervical lymph node
      metastases indicated that systemic tumor dissemination of the nasopharynx is an
      uncommon malignancy.

PMID- 6810407
TI  - A simple clinical method for the calculation of central-axis dose for mantle and
      other irregular fields.

PMID- 6810408
TI  - [Cell survival of the Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine during the
      lyophilization process according to the vehicle used].
AB  - Ten stabilizing media commonly used by commercial laboratories for the
      stabilization of Brucella abortus strain 19 for lyophilization were studied. Six
      media gave similar results, with viable count averages ranging from 50% to 58%.
      The standard stabilizer recommended by the World Health Organization (casitone
      2,5%, sucrose 5% and sodium glutamate 1%) was included. The other four media gave
      viabilities with averages from 19,7% to 38,7%, which represented a highly
      significant difference. The lowest viable count was observed with the 5%
      polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilizer. The differences in the number of viable cells
      among the various processes were greater than expected.

PMID- 6810410
TI  - The liver in lipid storage disease: biochemical basis of pathogenesis and
      clinical features.

PMID- 6810409
TI  - [Effect of atrazine, linuron and 2, 4-D amine on various biological properties of
      a soil sample. II - Laboratory trial].

PMID- 6810411
TI  - Serum markers of hepatitis viruses in natural disease and after vaccination.

PMID- 6810412
TI  - [On the primary structure of proteins (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810413
TI  - Effects of orally administered ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5,
      omega-3) on PGI2-like substance production by rat aorta.
AB  - A highly purified ethyl ester of EPA (EPAEE) (74%) was manufactured from sardine
      oil. Sixty mg/kg/day of EPAEE was given orally to male Wistar rats for 8 weeks.
      No side effect or toxicity from the administration of EPAEE was observed. Plasma
      EPA concentration and the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid were significantly
      increased, compared with control Wistar rats. An enhancement of PGI2-like
      substance production by aortas obtained from rats fed EPAEE was noted. Conversion
      of EPA to delta 17-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a stable metabolite of PGI3, could not be
      detected by an incubation study of 14C-EPA and aortas either from rats fed EPAEE
      or from control rats. Therefore, PGI2-like substance produced by rat aorta is
      most likely to be PGI2 itself and not PGI3.

PMID- 6810414
TI  - [Orbital bone changes in neurofibromatosis. Tomodensitometric diagnosis].
AB  - Aplasia of the greater wing of the sphenoid is a characteristic orbital bony
      anomaly in von Recklinghausen's disease, responsible for unilateral proptosis.
      The radiological diagnosis is based on the so called "empty orbit" appearance at
      routine skull X rays. Computerised tomography has allowed a precise differential
      diagnosis in 6 patients with neurofibromatosis and congenital absence of the
      greater wing of the sphenoid. Not only the bony defect is well demonstrated in
      all its extent but also the associated soft tissue anomalies such as presence of
      abnormal neurofibromatous tissue, hyperplasia of the temporal lobe, arachnoid
      cyst etc.

PMID- 6810415
TI  - [Prolonged survival after extensive intestinal resection and parenteral feeding
      at home].

PMID- 6810416
TI  - [Behavior of the lower esophageal sphincter during deglutition in Chagasic
      esophagopathy].

PMID- 6810418
TI  - [Sarcosporidia of small ruminants in Senegal].

PMID- 6810417
TI  - [Study of anterior pituitary hormonal dynamics in normal subjects by means of
      combined stimulation].

PMID- 6810419
TI  - [Interest of the capnigraphy in the perioperative control of the respiratory
      function].

PMID- 6810420
TI  - [Experimental animal pathology. Immuno-allergic asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - One of the interests of experimental animal work is the power to analyse a given
      pathophysiological mechanism and also the privilege of witnessing its appearance.
      Immuno-allergic asthma, mediated by specific IgE of an allergen only represents
      one aetiological form, among many others, that make up the clinical spectrum of
      asthma in the human species. It is, however, the type of asthma whose
      experimental reproduction, a priori, is the most easily reproduced and has been
      the most tested. The different protocols used an analysis of the results and the
      lines of current or projected research form the object of this review.

PMID- 6810421
TI  - ECG changes in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - Changes in ECG during and after exercise were analyzed in 17 patients with
      exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and in 12 control patients (asthmatic patients
      without exercise-induced bronchial obstruction). The changes in ECG were compared
      with those in peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate and in arterial PCO2, PO2 and pH.
      It was found that in EIA the amplitude of the P wave increased in the inferior
      leads and decreased in the aVL lead during and after exercise. In addition, the
      amplitude of the R wave diminished and the amplitude of the S wave increased in
      the anterior precordial leads during bronchoconstriction. The changes in the ECG
      of the control patients were small and were already beginning to return to normal
      4 min after exercise, whereas the changes in EIA patients persisted for 4-10 min
      after exercise. In EIA, a significant negative correlation was found between the
      PEF rate and the amplitude of the P wave in leads II, III and aVF. In addition,
      the PEF rate and the amplitude of the S wave in the V3 lead showed significant
      negative correlation. Almost no changes were observed in PO2 or PCO2 in the EIA
      or in the control patients. The pH decreased significantly in both groups during
      exercise. The PEF rate did not correlate with arterial PO2, PCO2 or pH after
      exercise in EIA.

PMID- 6810422
TI  - Ventilatory and neuromuscular responses to inspiratory positive pressure during
      CO2 breathing.
AB  - We studied the effects of assisting respiration with inspiratory positive
      pressure (IPP) during air and CO2 breathing by measuring ventilatory and mouth
      occlusion (P0.1) responses in 15 normal human subjects. Switching from
      spontaneous breathing to IPP without added CO2 did not cause a significant change
      in mean PACO2, P0.1, or V1. During CO2 breathing, switching to IPP did not
      significantly alter tidal volume or frequency. The mean ventilatory response to
      CO2 during spontaneous breathing was 1.02 liters/min/mm Hg. With IPP at pressure
      limits of 5 and 7 cm H2O, the mean responses were 0.93 and 0.89 liters/min/mm Hg,
      respectively, not significantly different from spontaneous breathing. The mean
      spontaneous P0.1 response to CO2 was 0.32 cm H2O/mm Hg. With IPP at 5 and 7 cm
      H2), the responses were 0.29 and 0.36 cm H2O/mm Hg, also not significantly
      different from spontaneous breathing. Reduction of muscular work of breathing by
      IPP in normal human subjects does not induce a measurable change in either
      respiratory drive or ventilation, which appears to remain dependent on
      chemoreceptor input. Inspiratory effort continues during IPP, even though it may
      be less than during spontaneous breathing.

PMID- 6810423
TI  - Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of wheezy bronchitis in infants
      and young children.
AB  - 44 children under 2 years of age suffering from recurrent or persistent wheezy
      bronchitis, completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing nebulised sodium
      cromoglycate and matching placebo. Analysis showed that treatment response was
      age-related. Sodium cromoglycate proved significantly superior to placebo in
      reducing night cough, sleep disturbance, wheeze and activity limitation in the 24
      patients aged 12 months and above (mean 17.3) on entry to the study. Whereas no
      significant differences were observed in the 20 children below 12 months of age
      (mean 8.3). These findings were confirmed by weekly clinical assessment. Both age
      groups spent fewer days in hospital during the active treatment period. Final
      subjective assessments showed that the older age group, parents favoured
      cromoglycate treatment, whereas in the younger age group, parents favoured
      placebo, although neither reached statistical significance. Both age groups
      showed marked placebo response to nebulised water.

PMID- 6810424
TI  - [VO2, VCO2, VA (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810425
TI  - [CO2 and O2 ventilatory responses (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810426
TI  - [PaO2, PaCO2 (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810427
TI  - [Mixed venous blood (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810428
TI  - Influence of sleep state on the response to hypercapnia in fetal lambs.
AB  - The effect of sleep state on the respiratory response to hypercapnia was studied
      in 14 chronic fetal sheep, 125-140 days gestation. Fetal PaCO2 was raised by 11
      to 34 Torr by gradually increasing the maternal FICO2 to 0.09. Fetal sleep state
      was monitored. Fetal breathing (FB) was analysed in terms of frequency (f),
      tracheal pressure (TP) and ventilation equivalent (VEq) = sigma TP /min. In 16
      out of 17 experiments on apneic fetuses in NREM sleep, the fetuses switched to
      REM sleep and in 14 instances began to breathe within 2 1/2 min thereafter. The
      PaCO2 at which apneic fetuses started breathing was 54.8 +/- 8.4 Torr (mean +/-
      SD). In 4 out of 10 trials on breathing fetuses in REM sleep the fetuses switched
      to NREM sleep and stopped breathing before removal of the CO2 stimulus. During
      REM sleep hypercapnia stimulated FB by an increase in TP and by a reduction in
      the number and duration of apneic pauses. It is concluded that in the fetal lamb
      CO2 stimulates breathing only during REM sleep and that this stimulus is
      superimposed on the basic mechanism that stimulated spontaneous FB during this
      sleep state.

PMID- 6810429
TI  - Evidence in man for a fast neural mechanism during the early phase of exercise
      hyperpnea.
AB  - Recently, the rapid increase in ventilation at the onset of exercise has been
      attributed to reflexes stimulated by the concomitant increase in cardiac output.
      To evaluate these 'fast-humoral' hypotheses in supine man, the heart rate,
      ventilation, and end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 were observed during four procedures: the
      onset of mild dynamic exercise by the lower legs (1) with and (2) without
      inflation of occluding cuffs around the upper thighs, (3) rapid induction of
      circulatory occlusion at the level of the upper thighs, and (4) abrupt release of
      circulatory occlusion after 2.5 min of ischemia. Exercise resulted in abrupt
      hyperpnea, alveolar hyperventilation, and tachycardia whether or not there was
      circulatory occlusion. Circulatory occlusion engendered abrupt bradycardia and
      transient, hyperventilatory hyperpnea. Release of circulatory occlusion resulted
      in relatively large tachycardia and, after a delay, small hyperpnea and alveolar
      hypoventilation. The results demonstrate that the early response to exercise is
      not inherently isocapnic hyperpnea and that, contrary to the prediction of the
      fast-humoral hypotheses, the presumed increase in cardiac output following cuff
      release does not produce a ventilatory response similar to that of exercise.
      These findings support the existence of a neurally mediated factor during the
      early stages of exercise hyperpnea.

PMID- 6810430
TI  - Arterial blood gases and acid-base status in awake rats.
AB  - Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance were measured in adult rats using a
      cannula implanted in the aortic arch. These measurements were performed both in
      awake, unrestrained animals and in animals submitted to various circumstances
      i.e. (a) different diet: high and low sodium chloride intake, (b) anesthesia by
      pentobarbital or inactine and, (c) repeated blood sampling with concomitant
      replacement with the same volume of blood. For each group investigated the [HCO3 
      ]a vs. PaCO2, [H+] vs. PaCO2, PaCO2 vs. PaO2 relationships were determined. The
      values obtained (m +/- SD) from awake, unrestrained adult rats were respectively
      7.47 +/- 0.02 for arterial pH, 34.5 +/- 3.0 Torr for PaCO2 and 90 +/- 5.5 Torr
      for PaO2; the calculated [HCO3 -]a concentration was 25.5 +/- 1.5 mmol . 1-1. The
      present results indicate that plasma bicarbonate concentration, within normal
      range, highly depends on the prevailing resting level of PaCO2 (n = 202; r =
      0.82; P less than 10(-3)). In addition, the PaCO2 versus PaO2 relationship was
      highly statistically significant (n = 202; r = -0.43; P less than 10(-3). In the
      other experimental groups of rats, these relationships were virtually the same as
      above although mean values (+/- SD) for PaCO2, PaO2, pHa and [HCO3 -]a might vary
      with the group investigated. The mean value for whole pHi, obtained by the DMO
      method, reached 6.81 for pHa = 7.47 and was not correlated to PaCO2 level in
      normal conditions. The present data argue for the existence of a respiratory
      component mediating individual acid-base variations in a normal population of
      rats. Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, by determining bicarbonate ions
      reabsorption rate, would ensure pH regulation under normal circumstances.

PMID- 6810431
TI  - Oxygen affinity of sea turtle blood.
AB  - The oxygen binding properties of whole blood in adult sea turtles (green,
      Chelonia mydas; loggerhead, Caretta caretta) were measured as a function of pH,
      and carbon dioxide partial pressure using the 'Hemoscan Oxygen Dissociation
      Analyser' with modifications that improved the performance of the method. Under
      approximately physiological conditions (25.7 degrees C, PCO2 = 37 Torr; pH 7.45)
      there is a marked affinity difference between the two species (green, P50 = 29
      Torr; loggerhead, 47 Torr). It is suggested that the large affinity difference
      between blood of green and loggerhead turtles may be related to differences in
      depths to which they typically dive. The Hill coefficient at 50% saturation is
      2.4 in the green under these conditions, and 2.7 in loggerhead. Hill plots of
      both species curve upward and have significant regions with n approaching 1 at
      low saturation with the effect that the lower end of the binding curve is more
      hyperbolic than sigmoidal. The fixed acid and CO2 Bohr effects in both species
      are strongly saturation dependent, being very low at low saturation and
      increasing markedly at higher saturation. The fixed acid Bohr effects are similar
      in the two species but the green is more sensitive to CO2, at constant pH, and so
      has a larger CO2 Bohr effect. The hyperbolic shape of the lower end of the
      binding curves, and low pH sensitivity in this region, would tend to favor oxygen
      loading during a dive, when lung PO2 and blood pH are falling. These properties
      might therefore favor more complete utilization of the lung oxygen store. We
      suggest that diving vertebrates can usefully be divided into two groups, those
      that use the lung as the main oxygen stores and those that use tissue (blood and
      myoglobin) stores.

PMID- 6810432
TI  - Effects of pH, CO2 and organic phosphates on oxygen affinity of sea turtle
      hemoglobins.
AB  - The affinities of adult-type hemoglobins of green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead
      (Caretta caretta) sea turtles were determined at 25.7 degrees C as a function of
      pH, PCO2 and each of the organic phosphates found in erythrocytes of these
      species (ATP, IHP (substitute for IPP) and DPG). Each species showed a single
      hemoglobin band in cellulose acetate electrophoresis which isoelectric focusing
      resolved into one major and three minor components having isoelectric points near
      pH 7.2. Oxygen binding curves were recorded using a modified 'Hemoscan'
      (Instrument Division, Travenol Laboratories, Savage, MD). Hemolysates were kept
      saturated with CO during preparation to prevent methemoglobin formation. CO was
      driven off immediately before performing each oxygen binding determination, using
      the photodissociative effect of the Hemoscan light beam. In both species,
      phosphate-free hemoglobin has higher affinity than whole blood, and had lower pH
      sensitivity. CO2 (37 Torr) reduces affinity, particularly in the green sea
      turtle, and eliminates pH sensitivity. Each organic phosphate tested reduces
      affinity, with IHP being most effective at a given concentration and DPG least
      effective. Organic phosphates are most effective at low pH, and restore both pH
      sensitivity and oxygen affinity to whole-blood levels taking into account the
      difference between plasma and intracellular pH. Reasons are suggested why the
      organic phosphate effect was not detected in a previous study. Hemolysates of
      both species are distinctive in giving upward-curving Hill plots, with n = 1
      asymptotes at low saturation that are insensitive to pH, CO2 and organic
      phosphates. The oxygen affinities corresponding to these asymptotes are about 100
      Torr in both species. Results are compared to oxygen dissociation curves obtained
      from whole blood.

PMID- 6810433
TI  - [Modification of osmolality with I.V. mannitol and/or high glucose concentration
      in the bath during hemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810434
TI  - [Phenotype and gene frequencies of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems at the
      Clinica Alemana (Santiago, Chile)].

PMID- 6810435
TI  - [Pneumonia II. Pneumonias produced by gram negative and anaerobic agents
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810436
TI  - [Radiological aspects of localized intramural gallbladder diverticulosis].

PMID- 6810437
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degeneration, optic atrophy, epilepsy, myoclonus and
      mitochondrial myopathy: a case report (author's transl)].
AB  - A 23-year-old man presented with a history characterized by a myoclonic syndrome
      developing over a period of seven years. Predominant symptoms were intention and
      activity myoclonus, generalized epileptic seizures occurring infrequently from
      the age of 20, a slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome first apparent at 19
      years, and the sudden onset of loss of visual acuity at 19, which then partially
      regressed; optic atrophy and clinical and campimetric signs were suggestive of
      Leber's disease. Intellectual ability was not affected. E.E.G. records showed
      generalized spike-waves with photosensitivity, progressive reduction in basal
      rhythm, and sleep organization disturbances with focal abnormalities. Obvious
      clinical signs of muscle disease were lacking but muscle biopsy confirmed the
      presence of a mitochondrial myopathy (ragged-red fibers). An indefinite history
      of familial neurological disease was obtained. Diagnosis was established as
      myoclonic cerebellar dyssynergy with spastic hereditary ataxia and Leber's
      disease. Their association with a mitochondrial myopathy has been previously
      reported by Tsairis et al, Fukuhara et al, Fitzimons et al (familial case), and
      Niedermeyer et al (sporadic case). In spite of the non-specific nature of
      associated mitochondrial abnormalities, all these cases would appear to
      correspond to a single nosological entity.

PMID- 6810438
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis: diagnostic value of CT scan (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810439
TI  - [Decreased concentration of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in malignant forms of
      monoclonal gammopathy].
AB  - Low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) concentrations, were measured in 48 patients
      with multiple myelomatosis, or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (malignant
      monoclonal gammopathies) and in 42 patients with "asymptomatic" benign monoclonal
      gammopathies (M.G.). In patients with malignant M.G., the level of LDL plus VLDL
      was significantly lower than in patients with "asymptomatic" M.G. who exhibit a
      normal level.

PMID- 6810440
TI  - [Automated screening and identification of irregular anti-erythrocyte
      antibodies].
AB  - Screening of irregular antibodies performed on a Groupamatic MG50, a two or three
      channels auto-analyser, and with manual techniques, revealed 4,445 positive sera
      which were than identified on this auto-analyser system. It was concluded that
      the "saline-PVP-4 degrees C" channel recovers 17% of the screened sera, which
      appeared negative with the bromelin and polybrene channels. Saline -4 degrees C
      detected sera include all of the -M and -P1 specificities and about half of the 
      K, -Lea and Leb. Identification of cold and namely anti-I antibodies on this
      channel also leads to an improved analysis of polyspecific sera. The high
      sensitivity of this 3 channels auto-analyser seems to be optimal for screening
      and identification of irregular antibodies.

PMID- 6810441
TI  - A survey of rhinitis in Japan and an evaluation of the treatment with sodium
      cromoglycate.
AB  - 4,907 cases reports of patients with rhinitis have been analysed in Japan; the
      majority were classified as allergic on the basis of positive skin and nasal
      provocation tests and a nasal eosinophilia. The patient characteristics have been
      evaluated and they are very similar to those seen in a European population. There
      was a high incidence of sensitivity to house dust, pollens and fungi. Treatment
      with Nasal Intal powder produced an effective therapeutic response in whom the
      major symptoms were sneezing and rhinorrhoea responded better than those with
      nasal obstruction. There was a clinically significant withdrawal or reduction of
      concomitant therapy particularly oral corticosteroids. In the majority of
      patients the therapeutic effect of Intal Nasal was observed after two weeks. The
      incidence of side effects was low and all were of a minor nature, the predominant
      one being nasal irritation.

PMID- 6810442
TI  - [Physiopathology of stenotic-occlusive lesions of the cervical carotid].

PMID- 6810443
TI  - [Soluble SS-A, SS-B and RNP antinuclear antigen antibodies in 66 cases of pure or
      associated forms of Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome].
AB  - In a prospective study, 66 patients fulfilling the criteria of Sjogren's syndrome
      were evaluated from the standpoint of the presence of soluble SS-A, SS-B and RNP
      specific nuclear antigen antibodies. There were 25 cases of pure Sjogren's
      syndrome and 41 cases of this syndrome associated with a connective tissue
      disease. Anti SS-A antibodies were found in 10 per cent of cases and anti SS-B in
      21 per cent, without there being any significant difference in prevalence between
      pure and associated forms of Sjogren's syndrome. Three patients simultaneously
      showed anti SS-A and anti SS-B antibodies, four had only anti SS-A and eleven
      anti SS-B. Amongst the forms associated with a connective tissue disease all of
      the latter were represented with an equivalent prevalence. 18 per cent of the
      patients had anti-RNP with a majority of associated forms of Sjogren's syndrome.
      In this population of 66 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, no clinical
      manifestation appeared to be correlated with the presence of anti SS-A and SS-B
      antibodies. Amongst the laboratory features, only cryoglobulins were
      significantly more frequent.

PMID- 6810444
TI  - [Levels of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) in the serum of boys and girls in pre
      puberty and puberty].

PMID- 6810445
TI  - Effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinses on concentration of IgA in expectorates.
AB  - Secretory IgA is usually found in high concentrations in the mucin layer of the
      oral mucosa. Chlorhexidine (CH) has been shown to precipitate mucin and may thus
      reduce the amount of IgA available in the oral cavity. Two human experiments were
      performed using single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) for quantitation of IgA in
      expectorates after mouthrinses. CH mouthrinses eluted significantly more IgA from
      the oral cavity than did water. However, regular CH rinses for 1 week did not
      seem to reduce significantly the amount of IgA the could be extracted by water of
      CH. The present study did not support the suggestion that CH mouthrinses may
      reduce the IgA dependent defence mechanisms in the oral cavity.

PMID- 6810446
TI  - Effect of penicillin on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and
      lactobacilli in hamsters and in man.
AB  - The effect of penicillin on the number of oral Streptococcus mutans,
      Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated.
      This is of interest as S. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious
      process while S. sanguis is not. Hamsters infected with both S. mutans and S.
      sanguis or only S. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d.
      The treatment reduced the proportion of S. mutans and S. sanguis in dental plaque
      to undetectable levels. After the penicillin treatment the population of S.
      mutans and S. sanguis gradually increased. In man, the effect of oral penicillin
      therapy was examined in 21 adults with more than 2 X 10(5) S. mutans per ml
      saliva. The penicillin treatment had almost no effect on the numbers of S.
      sanguis and lactobacilli, but a pronounced decrease in the number of S. mutans
      was observed. The duration of this effect, however, was short. Consequently, such
      treatment alone is of limited value for the control of the oral infection of
      these microorganisms.

PMID- 6810447
TI  - Apical periodontitis induced by selected bacterial strains in root canals of
      immunized and nonimmunized monkeys.
AB  - Experimental infections in root canals with Streptococcus faecalis ss.
      liquefaciens (Strep-MC4). Actinomyces bovis (Act-MC6) and Bacteroides oralis
      (Bact-MC3) were studied in four immunized and five nonimmunized monkeys. The
      immunization was performed using antigens of the homologous strains. The antibody
      level was checked by gel diffusion. In 56 root canals of the immunized animals
      and 60 root canals of the nonimmunized animals, viable cells of the three
      bacterial strains were enclosed in equal amounts of various combinations. After 6
      months, samples from the root canals were subjected to qualitative and
      quantitative bacteriologic analyses and the apical area was radiographically and
      histologically examined. The analyses revealed no significant difference between
      the two groups of monkeys, although the viable cell recovery was slightly higher
      in most of the root canals of nonimmunized monkeys. The cell proportion of the
      strains within the different bacterial combinations was equal in root canals of
      the two groups of animals. The radiographic and histologic examinations revealed
      no significant difference between the two groups of animals regarding the number
      of teeth with periapical lesions. The radiographic examination, however, showed a
      more distinct limitation of the process in the immunized than in the nonimmunized
      monkeys. Histologically the lesions were more encapsulated and had a sparser cell
      infiltration in immunized than in nonimmunized monkeys. In the latter,
      inflammatory cells had often infiltrated the bone. Mixed infections gave a more
      severe periapical reaction than single strain infections in both animal groups.

PMID- 6810448
TI  - Incomplete fibrin formation and highly elevated Factor XIII activity in multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - Bleeding is a common complication in patients suffering from multiple myeloma. In
      some cases a defect in fibrin formation has been suggested as one possible cause
      of haemorrhagic tendency. As shown in this investigation the defect in fibrin
      formation, ascertained using PAGE, is due to a lack of alpha-chain polymerization
      of fibrin monomers in 5/11 patients with IgG myeloma and in 2/5 patients with IgM
      paraproteinaemia. No disturbed fibrin polymerization could be observed in IgA
      myeloma (n = 6). Factor XIII concentrations of subunit A and to a lesser extent
      of subunit S (Laurell technique) were highly elevated in all cases with regular
      fibrin formation. comparable values were obtained by measuring the transamidase
      activity of factor XIII by incorporation of 14C-labelled purtrescin into casein.
      Levels up to 600% of normal could be recorded. In contrast, all patients with a
      lack of alpha-chain polymerization had a factor XIII activity within the normal
      range. Addition of factor XIII concentrate to plasma from patients with defective
      fibrin formation led in 5/8 cases to a partial cross-linking of alpha-monomers.
      we conclude that in some cases paraproteins can inhibit the factor XIII and
      prevent its action on fibrin.

PMID- 6810449
TI  - Acute depression of serum folate in surgical patients during preoperative
      infusion of ethanol-free parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition for 48 h with Aminoplex solutions and a calorie source
      led to statistically similar, severe depression of the serum folate concentration
      (by 63-77%) irrespective of whether the calorie source contained ethanol,
      sorbitol, lipid or glucose. Folate levels were also depressed following infusion
      of other ethanol-free regimens (Freamine and glucose, 59%; Vamin and glucose,
      44%). Least depression (31%0 followed use of Aminosol and glucose, a regimen
      based on casein hydrolysate. It seems important, therefore, to give prophylactic
      folate to all patients receiving parenteral nutrition, regardless of whether the
      calorie source is ethanol.

PMID- 6810450
TI  - Aminoacid infusion induced depression of serum folate after cholecystectomy.
AB  - Aminoacid solutions were given to cholecystectomy patients for a period of 48 h
      starting 24 h after the operation. Infusion of the aminoacid component of
      parenteral nutrition regimens, without calorie source, frequently led to an acute
      fall in the serum folate concentration. The degree of depression varied with
      different commercial aminoacid solutions. (Aminoplex 14 = c.60%, Vamin = 30%,
      Aminosol = c.0%). The folate depression by Vamin infusion was unaffected by
      supplementation with L-methione but was alleviated by the addition of glycine. As
      a consequence of surgical operation itself, folate values fell by 37% during the
      24 h following cholecystectomy. This seems likely to increase the risk of
      haematological toxicity (i.e. acute leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) in patients
      given folate-free parenteral nutrition after a surgical operation.

PMID- 6810451
TI  - Free light chains of immunoglobulins in serum from patients with leukaemias and
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - The serum concentration of free kappa and lambda light chains of immunoglobulins
      were measured in 114 patients with myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders
      including multiple myeloma. Increased concentrations of a single light chain
      type, suggesting monoclonal origin, were found with high frequency in B-cell
      diseases only. Thus 6 out of 9 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia and 24
      of 28 patients with multiple myeloma had increased concentrations of a single
      chain type. The highest values reported in chronic lymphatic leukaemia were
      approximately 10 and in multiple myeloma 1000 times normal mean. Cytostatic
      treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia was followed by a decrease in the light
      chain levels. The levels were, however, not correlated to the number of
      circulating lymphocytes, the lymphatic infiltration of tissue or clinical
      activity. Increased concentrations of both chain types, suggesting a polyclonal
      origin, were found in both of 2 patients with acute monocytic leukaemia, 6 of 7
      with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, 2 of 23 with acute myeloid leukaemia and 1
      of 7 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The highest levels of light chains in
      these groups were 5 times normal mean. All patients with myeloproliferative
      disorders revealed normal values of both light chain types.

PMID- 6810452
TI  - Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions: II. Thyroid hormone and platelet MAO
      activity in patients with thyroid disorders.
AB  - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and serum thyroxine indices were
      determined in 62 children and adolescents currently undergoing medical treatment
      for various thyroid disorders. The platelet MAO activity of these patients was
      similar to that of control and contrast groups previously reported, and there
      were no differences when patients were grouped according to specific thyroid
      disorders. Estimated free thyroxine and total thyroxine levels were generally in
      the upper normal or slightly elevated range and were not significantly related to
      MAO activity.

PMID- 6810453
TI  - Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions: III. Serum DBH activity and thyroxine
      in euthyroid subjects.

PMID- 6810454
TI  - [Artificial respiration in cerebral resuscitation].
AB  - CO2 is a potent cerebral vasodilator which induces major changes in cerebral
      blood flow and volume. Acute hypocapnia decreases cerebral blood volume; thus the
      intracranial pressure can be reduced rapidly, thereby improving cerebral
      hemodynamics. Hypocapnia, rapidly achieved by controlled hyperventilation, is
      therefore a valid treatment in cerebral resuscitation, especially when associated
      with elevated intracranial pressure. However, the effect of hypocapnia is short
      and unusually does not exceed a few hours. Consequently the indications for
      prolonged hyperventilation are very limited, if they exist at all. Intracranial
      pressure and cerebral blood flow changes induced by PEEP are still controversial.

PMID- 6810455
TI  - [Cerebral edema in internal medicine].

PMID- 6810456
TI  - [Monitoring of respiration: gas exchange and pulmonary hemodynamics].
AB  - The quantitative evaluation of pathological CO2 elimination and O2 uptake are
      discussed. CO2 elimination may be described by the concept of "functional dead
      space ventilation" (VD/VT) in a manner sufficient for clinical use. For this
      purpose it is necessary to measure PaCO2 and the concentration of CO2 in the
      mixed expired gas. For a quantitative definition of oxygen uptake it is necessary
      to relate PaO2 to inspiratory O2 concentration (F1O2), and this is best achieved
      using the "intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt". To calculate this ratio, mixed
      venous oxygen saturation as well as F1O2 and PaO2 have to be measured, which
      means that a pulmonary artery catheter has to be in place. A new interpretation
      of the N2 wash-out curve demonstrates that pathological changes of intrapulmonary
      gas diffusion may be responsible for difficulties in the interpretation of O2
      uptake. Monitoring of pulmonary hemodynamics calls not only for a pulmonary
      artery thermodilution catheter but also monitoring of the course of body weight.
      However, recent work shows that the measurement of ventricular filling pressures
      must be related to the individual ventricular volumes in systole and diastole
      which are measurable today.

PMID- 6810457
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of blood gases in adults].
AB  - Single blood gas analysis offers only a momentary value, whereas with continuous
      monitoring of blood gases their development can be followed very closely.
      Cutaneous pO2 monitoring has not proved successful in adults, since the measured
      values depend very much on the condition of the skin, local perfusion, and
      cardiac output. On the other hand, continuous intravascular pO2 monitoring does
      represent a relatively safe and convenient method of supervision. At this
      institute a cutaneous pCO2-sensor developed by the Bio-Electronics Department of
      F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd. with sensor temperatures of 41 degrees, 43
      degrees, and 44 degrees C has been tested. The coefficients of correlation are
      0.95 or even higher for all three sensor temperatures. At a sensor temperature of
      41 degrees C the reaction velocity is markedly reduced. Accuracy and reaction
      velocity for the sensor temperatures of 43 degrees and 44 degrees C are
      equivalent, but at a temperature of 43 degrees C there are fewer and slighter
      skin reactions. The authors found a slight drift of 0.2--0.3 mm Hg/h. The
      dependence of cutaneous pCO2 on local perfusion and cardiac output also appears
      to be slight.

PMID- 6810458
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of blood gases in newborn infants].
AB  - Hypoxic brain damage and retrolental fibroplasia caused by hyperoxia can be
      prevented only by monitoring arterial pO2 during oxygen therapy of the newborn.
      The accuracy of continuous transcutaneous measurement of arterial pO2 is
      questionable during unstable phases of adaptation to extrauterine life, and
      measurement of arterial pO2 with the help of an umbilical arterial catheter (or
      intraarterial pO2 electrode) may therefore by mandatory. Transcutaneous
      continuous monitoring of paCO2 appears to afford excellent results and will soon
      be an indispensable adjuvant for the therapy of newborns with respiratory
      problems. Since the expense of monitoring is high, oxygen therapy and management
      of respiratory insufficiency in the newborns concerned should be transferred to
      centers for neonatal intensive care.

PMID- 6810460
TI  - Does hypothyroidism predispose to gold-induced thrombocytopenia?
AB  - Two patients receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis suffered from a
      sudden and unpredictable fall of platelet count. Spontaneous bleeding into the
      soft tissues occurred in both cases, and nasal epistaxis or macroscopic
      haematuria complicated each case. Both patients were on long term replacement
      therapy with thyroxine and it is postulated that changes associated with
      hypothyroidism may predispose to acute thrombocytopenia due to gold. Patients who
      suffer from hypothyroidism may require particularly close monitoring whilst on
      gold therapy.

PMID- 6810459
TI  - Effect on blood pressure or changing from high to low dose steroid preparations
      in women with oral contraceptive induced hypertension.

PMID- 6810461
TI  - The sublethal effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) diet on the
      Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
AB  - The effects of diet levels of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 micrograms Aroclor 1254/g on
      the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua were determined after a feeding period of 5 1/2
      months. Altered steroid biosynthetic patterns in vitro were observed in the
      testes and head kidneys (adrenal homologue) of the fish that were fed various
      levels of PCB in vivo. Histological examination of tissues revealed abnormalities
      in the testes, gills, and livers of the PCB-fed fish. Various testicular
      abnormalities including slight-to-marked derangement of lobules, hyperplasia of
      lobule walls and disintegration and/or fatty necrosis of spermatogenic elements
      were observed in the testes of PCB-fed fish. Hyperplasia of the epithelial layer
      of the secondary lamellae was observed in the gills of fish on the 5 to 50
      micrograms Aroclor 1254/g diet. Fatty degeneration was observed in the livers of
      all PCB-fed fish. The PCB content of testes, livers and head kidneys were
      directly proportional to the level of Aroclor 1254 in the diet. It is apparent
      that sublethal levels of PCB have a detrimental effect on the physiology of the
      Atlantic cod.

PMID- 6810462
TI  - Alpha-substituted gamma-butyrolactones: new class of anticonvulsant drugs.
AB  - Alkyl-Substituted gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized and tested for their
      convulsant and anticonvulsant actions in mice and guinea pigs. The alpha
      substituted compounds, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-, and alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma
      butyrolactone were anticonvulsant compounds with a spectrum of activity similar
      to that of ethosuximide. In contrast, beta-substituted compounds were convulsant
      agents similar to picrotoxinin. The alpha-substituted-gama-butyrolactones
      represent a new class of anticonvulsant drug with experimental and clinical
      potential.

PMID- 6810463
TI  - Polyamine depletion influences drug-induced chromosomal damage.
AB  - Polyamines have been implicated in the intracellular stabilization of DNA.
      Depletion of intracellular polyamines influences the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. By means of the
      sister chromatid exchange assay, it was found that intracellular polyamine
      depletion can also alter the induction of chromosomal damage by these cytotoxic
      agents.

PMID- 6810464
TI  - Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin.
AB  - The biosynthesis of melanin is initiated by the catalytic oxidation of tyrosine
      to dopa by tyrosinase in a reaction that requires dopa as a cofactor. Tyrosine
      then catalyzes the dehydrogenation of dopa to dopaquinone. The subsequent
      reactions can proceed spontaneously in vitro. Tyrosinase, purified from murine
      melanomas and the skins of brown mice, has now been shown to catalyze a third
      reaction in mammalian melanogenesis, namely the conversion of 5,6-dihydroxyindile
      to melanochrome. This reaction requires dopa as a cofactor and is inhibited by
      tyrosine. Conversely, 5,6-dihydroxyindole inhibits the oxidation of tyrosine to
      dopa, so that the relative concentrations of tyrosine and 5,6-dihydroxyindole
      within the mammalian pigment cell are capable of regulating melanogenesis in a
      previously unrecognized fashion. Tyrosinase has the unusual property of
      catalyzing three distinct reactions within a single biochemical pathway: the
      hydroxylation of a monophenol, the dehydrogenation of a catechol, and the
      dehydrogenation of a dihydroxyindole. The first and third of these reactions
      require dopa as a cofactor; in the second reaction, dopa is a substrate.

PMID- 6810465
TI  - Stimulation of colonic secretion by lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid.
AB  - Both 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid (5-HETE) increased the short-circuit current (Isc) in rabbit colonic mucosa
      mounted in vitro in Ussing chambers. Measurements of chlorine-36 fluxes indicated
      that the Isc response to 5-HPETE is due to stimulation of active chlorine
      secretion. 9-, 11-, and 12-HPETE's and leukotrienes C4 and B4 produced either
      very small increases in Isc or no increase. In contrast to results in rabbit
      colon, no HPETE, HETE, or leukotriene was effective in rabbit ileal mucosa. The
      effects of 5-HPETE in the rabbit colon were unaffected by mepacrine, but could be
      partially blocked by indomethacin. These results suggest that drugs which block
      both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase may be effective antidiarrheals in patients
      with colitis.

PMID- 6810466
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6810467
TI  - [Effects of some antidotes on injuries induced by arsenic in rat mucous membrane
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810468
TI  - [Study on the influence of tellurium on experimental dental caries development in
      rats. Study on the effect of cysteine, ascorbic acid or thioctic acid combination
      on the nutrition and experimental dental caries development induced by sodium
      tellurite (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810469
TI  - Selective primary health care: is efficient sufficient?
AB  - Developing countries are increasingly using economic evaluation methods to assess
      and plan their health services. Inappropriate application of these methods may
      lead to serious errors in developing primary health care strategies. In
      'Selective Primary Health Care', Julia Walsh and Kenneth Warren present a logical
      approach to health planning based on cost-effectiveness techniques. Their paper
      is a timely example of the risks of using simple technical criteria to plan
      solution to complex public health problems. Cost-effectiveness is not a
      sufficient criterion for planning primary health care. Related issues are
      discussed in these comments. As an alternative, a multiple-objective approach is
      suggested.

PMID- 6810470
TI  - Adjusting planning guidelines for cardiac-care units.
AB  - The principal concern of this paper is the development of procedures for
      adjusting the criteria currently being used for federally-legislated health
      planning activities. These procedures would enable the planner to account for the
      demographic, geographic and health-system conditions which cause variations in
      the need for health-care services in local communities. A case-mix method,
      hospital chart abstract data and demographic, geographic and health-system data
      from New Jersey were used to: create a list of diagnoses eligible for treatment
      in a Cardiac-Care Unit (CCU): select a sample of hospitals for study, and conduct
      a step-wise regression analysis of CCU utilization in these hospitals. It was
      concluded that CCU utilization was affected by factors such as the in-hospital
      availability of CCu beds, the type of hospital, CCU-patients' clinical severity,
      and the availability of ambulances and mobile intensive care units. Procedure for
      adjusting planning criteria to account for local conditions have yet to be
      developed. However, a method for using the types of results presented in this
      paper to develop such adjustment procedures was presented and illustrated. It is
      recommended that this method be used to create such adjustment procedures for the
      planning criteria for all hospital services and hence to assist Health Systems
      Agencies in rationalizing the distribution of our hospital care.

PMID- 6810471
TI  - [Radiotherapy: principles and methods].

PMID- 6810472
TI  - The Janus-faced metabolite carbon dioxide.

PMID- 6810473
TI  - Detection of antibodies to Nosema cuniculi (Protozoa : Microscoporidia) in human
      and animal sera by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.

PMID- 6810474
TI  - Alpha chain disease in the Thai man.
AB  - A 61-year-old Thai man presented with a history of chronic diarrhoea of 1-2 years
      duration. Stool examination revealed a heavy parasitic infection. Several
      anthelminthics were given without benefit, despite disappearance of the
      intestinal parasites. Serum protein studies revealed abnormal alpha heavy chain.
      Two courses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone were followed by a
      brief remission in his symptoms. A 21 day course of tetracycline was then given,
      resulting in an improvement in his condition. He is still symptom free nine
      months after confirmation of the diagnosis, without any further treatment. Serum
      protein studies should be included in laboratory investigations of a patient with
      chronic diarrhoea.

PMID- 6810475
TI  - Absence of effects of insecticides on susceptibility of anophelines to Plasmodium
      yoelii nigeriensis.

PMID- 6810476
TI  - [gamma-chain disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810477
TI  - An oral gold formulation in rheumatoid arthritis. A 12-month follow-up report.
AB  - Oral gold(Auranofin; SKF) 6 mg/d has been used in an open study in 31 patients
      with active rheumatoid disease, 19 of whom have been on continuous treatment for
      1 year. Four of these patients were considered to be in remission and 9 had a
      good clinical response to treatment. Four showed only minimal improvement and 2
      did not improve at all. There were, however, no changes in the biochemical
      parameters of inflammation, e.g. haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate, platelet count and rheumatoid factor, or in renal and hepatic
      function. Of the 31 patients, 9 (29%) have discontinued treatment but only 3
      (9.7%) because of side-effects. Minor side-effects have been fairly common,
      occurring in 19 patients (61%), and included skin rashes and pruritus, diarrhoea
      and loose stools, nausea, stomatitis and thrombocytopenia or leucopenia. Oral
      gold would seem to be a safer, less potent form of chrysotherapy than parenteral
      gold.

PMID- 6810478
TI  - Effect of a new neonatal maintenance solution on potassium, calcium and phosphate
      homeostasis in sick neonates.
AB  - A new neonatal maintenance solution (Neonatalyte; Sabax) was administered to 12
      newborn infants with respiratory distress. Under closely controlled conditions,
      the infusion was commenced at a mean age of 12 +/- 10 hours. The mean serum
      potassium level increased from 4,6 +/- 0,6 mmol/l to 5,6 +/- 1,4 mmol/l (P less
      than 0,02), while in 5 infants (42%) hyperkalaemia (greater than or equal to 6,5
      mmol/l) occurred within 8 hours of commencement of Neonatalyte infusion. The mean
      serum calcium level decreased from 2,1 mmol/l on day 1 to 1,7 mmol/l on day 2 (P
      less than 0,001) and was 1,8 mmol/l on day 3 (P less than 0,01), despite mean
      calcium intakes of 18,33 and 45 mg on days 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The early
      hypocalcaemia may be related to the phosphate content of Neonatalyte. We conclude
      that Neonatalyte is not an ideal solution for sick newborn infants who cannot be
      fed orally for the first few days of life.

PMID- 6810479
TI  - Formulae for the determination of percentage depth dose of 8 and 16 megavolt x
      rays by means of a computer.
AB  - Linear accelerators play an important role in the treatment of some cancer
      patients. These accelerators produce high-energy X-rays (in the megavolt (MV)
      range) and the effective penetration of the X-rays depends on the energy. The
      percentage depth dose at the central axis gives an indication of effective
      penetration. An attempt was made to derive formulae for the percentage depth dose
      for 8 and 16 MV X-rays in tissue. The formulae can be used for treatment planning
      purposes and also for calculating the integral absorbed dose. A further important
      application of the formulae is the calculation of the central absorbed dose for
      two opposing beams at non-standard treatment distances.

PMID- 6810480
TI  - Ultrastructure of the concentric membrane system in asci of Arthroderma
      vanbreuseghemii.
AB  - An ultrastructural study was performed on the ascosporogenesis in Arthroderma
      vanbreuseghemii. Young gymnothecia of the fungus were treated with four different
      schedules: (1) glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation, (2) potassium
      permanganate fixation, (3) tannic acid, with or without glutaraldehyde, and
      osmium tetroxide fixation, (4) periodic acid-alkaline bismuth (PABi) staining
      after glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation. The glutaraldehyde- and
      osmium tetroxide-fixed asci had a concentric membrane system (CMS), concomitantly
      with the double membrane system (DMS) that eventually delimited ascospores. The
      CMS consisted of multiple membranes of a myelinoid appearance, and continued to
      the ascus plasma membrane and also to the DMS. In contrast, potassium
      permanganate fixation and tannic acid and osmium tetroxide fixation without
      glutaraldehyde failed to reveal such a structure as the CMS within the asci. PABi
      positive materials were found on the marginal glycogen granules, the CMS, the
      DMS, and the ascus plasma membrane. These observations suggest that the CMS is
      lipid-poor and not composed of true membranes. It is not the direct source of the
      DMS, but merely participates in the production of cell wall materials during
      ascosporogenesis with the marginal glycogen granules as a substrate.

PMID- 6810481
TI  - Prevalence of Candida albicans in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The prevalence of Candida albicans was quantitatively compared in 74 surgical
      patients during and after total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Suppression of oral
      food intake is probably responsible for the decrease of the C. albicans
      population in the mouth. On the contrary anal swabs were more often positive for
      C. albicans during TPN. This may be due to local conditions as was observed in a
      group of patients who were not given TPN but were also immobilized for a long
      period.

PMID- 6810482
TI  - The current status of surgical second opinion programs.
AB  - Second opinion programs proliferated in the 1970s, and most of these were
      voluntary programs. Until more complete evaluations of voluntary and mandatory
      programs are done, it seems likely that second opinion programs will continue to
      be on a voluntary basis. Second opinion programs have been shown to identify
      potential surplus surgery and are designed to contain costs.

PMID- 6810483
TI  - Cost-benefit and cost-effective analysis in surgery.
AB  - Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effective analysis are formal analytical methods
      to provide a rational, objective means of comparing total costs with total
      benefits or of comparing effects in the selection of competing programs for
      financial support. The use of these techniques in the medical field is a
      relatively recent development and can aid in future cost containment.

PMID- 6810484
TI  - Gentamicin and cefsulodin efficacy in a rat abscess model.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of gentamicin and cefsulodin were
      studied in an abscess model in the rat induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a
      foreign body. Both agents reached therapeutic concentrations in the abscess fluid
      and its ultrafiltrate and persisted longer in the abscess fluid than in blood.
      Gentamicin did not prevent the development of abscesses or reduce the bacterial
      inoculum when administered immediately following the induction of the abscesses.
      Cefsulodin sterilized 82.7 per cent of abscesses in 61.5 per cent of injected
      rats. Low oxygen tension present in the abscess was probably responsible for the
      inefficacy of gentamicin in this model, while not significantly diminishing the
      antibacterial activity of cefsulodin.

PMID- 6810485
TI  - Cervical myelopathy due to dural compression in mucopolysaccharidosis.

PMID- 6810486
TI  - Computed tomographic scanning of the brain: National Institutes of Health
      Consensus Development Conference.

PMID- 6810489
TI  - Tocainide-associated interstitial pneumonitis.

PMID- 6810487
TI  - Allergic and toxic reactions of soft contact lens wearers.
AB  - The allergic and toxic effects of preservatives found in soft contact lens
      solutions are reviewed. Thimerosal, a preservative commonly found in soft contact
      lens solutions, may cause ocular delayed hypersensitivity. Patients with delayed
      hypersensitivity to thimerosal may develop conjunctival hyperemia, corneal
      infiltrates and intolerance to lens wear with the use of soft contact lens
      solutions containing thimerosal. Delayed hypersensitivity to thimerosal can be
      demonstrated by an occlusive patch test or intradermal injection. Discontinuation
      of chemical disinfection with substitution of thermal disinfection using unit
      dose, non-preserved saline causes resolution of signs and symptoms. Another cause
      of lens wear intolerance is contact lens-associated giant papillary
      conjunctivitis. Protein deposits on the lens may act as antigens and initiate an
      allergic condition which disappears when the lens is discontinued. Alternatively,
      the giant papillae may be the result of mechanical irritation induced by the
      contact lenses. The chemical preservatives that are found in soft contact lens
      solutions cause epithelial toxicity when applied to isolated rabbit corneas.
      However, corneal toxicity toxicity in a clinical setting has not been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6810488
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the immunoglobulin-synthesizing function of the
      peripheral lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and
      rheumatism].

PMID- 6810490
TI  - Factor II related antigen and antithrombin III levels as indicators of liver
      failure in consumption coagulopathy.
AB  - In order to detect impaired synthesis of blood coagulation factors associated to
      consumption coagulopathy, a simultaneous evaluation of factor II-related antigen
      (II rAg) and of antithrombin III (AT III) was carried out in 16 patients affected
      with severe defibrination. An in vitro preliminary study on plasma and serum
      demonstrated that the levels of II rAg and of AT III, assessed by the Laurell
      technique with Behring antisera, were not reduced by the coagulation process. The
      patients were, a posteriori, classified into two groups according to the absence
      (group A) or the presence (group B) of factors predisposing to liver failure such
      as metastasis, cirrhosis, and prolonged shock. II rAg and AT III levels are
      significantly correlated; they are in the normal range in group A but reduced in
      group B. Thus II rAg or AT III level determinations are useful markers in the
      detection of liver failure associated to the consumption phenomenon. These
      results also suggest that part of the decreased AT III levels reported in severe
      cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation may be the consequence of an
      associated liver failure.

PMID- 6810491
TI  - Possible evidence for an increased factor VIII antigen synthesis in vascular
      endothelium of diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6810492
TI  - Procoagulant phospholipid hydrolysis, penetration ability and anticoagulant
      activity of phospholipases A2.

PMID- 6810493
TI  - Production of antibodies to human factor VIII in the ascitic fluid of C57BL/6J
      mice.
AB  - A method is described for the production of a murine antiserum to human factor
      VIII, and the quantitation of factor VIII related antigen using this antiserum.
      C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of factor VIII and
      complete Freund's adjuvant. Ascitic fluid developed after repeated innoculations
      for seven to eight weeks, and was subsequently tapped. Using this antiserum,
      factor VIII related antigen was quantitated by immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme
      immunoassay. This method provides a simple and economical way of producing an
      antiserum to factor VIII, and may also be applicable to other proteins available
      in submiligram quantities.

PMID- 6810494
TI  - Endothelial factors, toe temperature and leg circulation in diabetics with and
      without autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - A low plasminogen activator response to venous occlusion is frequently found in
      diabetes. The aims of this investigation were to study any relationships between
      plasminogen activator activity and autonomic neuropathy (AN), and between
      abnormal toe temperature reactions and AN. Asymptomatic AN is frequently found in
      insulin dependent diabetics. The results might be an abnormal balance between the
      parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the vessels, which in turn will
      lead to a change of the reaction to cooling of the feet followed by indirect
      heating. In this study 52 insulin dependent diabetics were examined with a
      combination of tests for AN and blood flow measurements as well as plasminogen
      activator activities of the blood and vascular walls. In patients with a short
      duration of diabetes (mean 11 years) the prevalence of AN was high in those with
      abnormally slow increase in toe temperature after cooling followed by indirect
      heating. The mechanism behind appeared to be a functional vasospasm. In diabetics
      of short as well as of long duration (mean 35 years), an abnormally low
      plasminogen activator activity of the blood during venous occlusion was found in
      those without AN, while those with AN showed a normal activity. Thus, AN might
      influence the deterioration of the circulation in diabetes.

PMID- 6810495
TI  - The identification and functional significance of factor VIII components on
      normal platelets.
AB  - Factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) has previously been identified on human
      platelets by fluorescein-labelled heterologous antibodies to factor VIII.
      However, it is not known whether these antibodies identify only VIII R:Ag or
      whether antigens associated with factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C Ag) are
      also present. The current studies utilize specific antibodies and their Fab'
      fragments to evaluate the presence of both VIII R:Ag and VIII:C Ag on human
      platelets and to study the functional role of the platelet-associated VIII R:Ag
      on ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. Immunofluorescent studies
      demonstrate the presence of VIII R:Ag, but do not identify VIII:C Ag on
      platelets. The functional studies reveal that after incubation with either of the
      Fab' fragments, platelets retain their reactivity in the ristocetin cofactor
      assay. These results indicate that this population of VIII R:Ag is not essential
      for the ristocetin aggregation reaction and that no antigenic determinants for
      factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) are detectable on human platelets by
      immunofluorescence.

PMID- 6810496
TI  - A study of hemostasis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. I. Abnormalities in
      factor VIII and antithrombin.
AB  - A sample of in all 119 young adults below the age of 55, with ischemic
      cerebrovascular disease (TIA and minor stroke), was investigated later than three
      months after acute disease. Factor VIII biological activity and antithrombin
      antigen were significantly (p less than 0.001) increased as compared to 80
      healthy controls. In combination, these two variables correctly classified 85
      percent of patients and controls at a stepwise discriminant analysis. Factor VIII
      related antigen was increased (p less than 0.02) in patients with atherosclerotic
      signs at cerebral angiography and in postmenopausal female patients (p less than
      0.001). It is suggested that high levels of factor VIII might predispose for
      thrombosis/atherosclerosis. Antithrombin biological activity was normal in spite
      of high antithrombin antigen levels, possibly indicating a relative insufficiency
      in the antithrombin defense line. It is concluded that young stroke patients
      provide good opportunities to look for early operating factors and predictors in
      human atherosclerosis and arterial thromboembolism.

PMID- 6810497
TI  - A study of hemostasis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. II. Abnormalities in
      platelet ADP release, platelet cyclooxygenase regeneration time and platelet
      factor 3 availability.
AB  - Most earlier studies of platelet function in stroke patients have been performed
      in the acute phase and are hampered by diagnostic insecurity. A sample of totally
      67 young adults below the age of 55, with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (TIA
      and minor stroke) were investigated at a late stage after acute disease and
      compared to 20 healthy controls. Patients with atherosclerotic signs at cerebral
      angiography had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher platelet factor 3
      availability than angionegative patients. Unexpectedly, female patients compared
      to male patients had significantly (p less than 0.05) larger ADP-release after
      stimulation with collagen in vitro. Furthermore, when female patients were
      compared to female controls a significantly (p less than 0.05) increased platelet
      factor 3 availability was found. The results indicate that platelets in female
      patients may have an increased tendency to aggregate in vivo. Patients had
      significantly (p less than 0.01) shortened platelet cyclooxygenase regeneration
      half times (PRT). This was correlated to high levels of factor VIII related
      antigen (r=0.59) and high levels of factor VIII biological activity (r=0.67),
      indicating that platelets may be consumed by platelet adhesion and mural thrombi
      formation in abnormal vessel walls. PRT appears to be a reliable method to assess
      platelet function in vivo and to optimize aspirin dose and dose intervals in the
      individual.

PMID- 6810498
TI  - A study of hemostasis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. III. Abnormalities in
      vascular plasminogen activators, antiactivators and alpha 2-antiplasmin.
AB  - A sample of in all 119 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (TIA and
      minor stroke) below the age of 55 years, were submitted for testing of
      fibrinolysis in the late recovery phase after acute disease. Defective
      fibrinolysis, as tested after venous stasis, was found in patients (p less than
      0.01) as compared to controls using a conventional fibrin plate method. A new
      chromogenic peptide substrate method showed a similar tendency. Antiactivator
      activity, measured as antiurokinase, using a peptide substrate, was significantly
      higher (p less than 0.01) in young female patients than in female controls. Alpha
      2-antiplasmin (peptide substrate method) was significantly (p less than 0.001)
      higher in female than male patients. However, no correlation was found between
      inhibitors of fibrinolysis and defective fibrinolysis after venous occlusion.
      Furthermore, in a pilot study of vein biopsies, normal content of vascular
      plasminogen activators was found in the majority of cases. Thus, it is suggested
      that defective fibrinolysis in most cases reflects a disturbed release function.

PMID- 6810499
TI  - Immunoradiometric assay of VIII:CAg, a potential tool to detect human anti-VIII:C
      antibodies.

PMID- 6810500
TI  - Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. IV. Cell type selectivity
      and host cell responses to Theileria parva.
AB  - Responses of cells in the tick salivary gland to parasitism by Theileria parva
      were studied by electron microscopy. The gland is composed of three distinct
      types of acini (I, II, III) which together include ten or more different cell
      types. Of some 30 infected cells observed in the present study, all were E-cells
      of acinus III. The parasite thus exhibits a high degree of selectivity for acinus
      and cell type. The glandular cell invaded undergoes massive hypertrophy and
      accumulates glycogen deposits in its cytoplasm which may serve as an energy
      source for the growing intracellular parasite. As synthesis of its secretory
      material declines the product is packaged in progressively smaller secretory
      granules. The extensive arrays of endoplasmic reticulum are dismantled and
      eliminated in autophagic vacuoles. Excess secretory granules are also broken down
      by crinophagy. After 4 days, sporogony is completed and the host cell contains
      30,000-50,000 sporozoites in an electron-lucent cytoplasm largely devoid of
      cytomembranes and secretory granules. Mitochondria are still present and normal
      in appearance. The loss of basophilia and secretory granules observed heretofore
      by light microscopy have been attributed to ingestion and destruction of host
      organelles by the parasite. The pallid appearance of the cytoplasm has been
      interpreted as a sign of impending degeneration of the host cell. In electron
      micrographs no ingestion of organelles by the parasite or degenerative changes
      were found. The host cell clearly remains viable and metabolically active
      throughout sporogony. The striking changes in its ultrastructure result from
      active elimination of organelles and inclusions by the host cell itself in
      response to parasitism.

PMID- 6810501
TI  - Ventilatory response and drive due to carbon dioxide stimulation in idiopathic
      scoliosis.
AB  - Ten patients with idiopathic scoliosis and seven controls were studied for the
      purpose of investigating the ventilatory response and drive due to CO2 inhalation
      by the steady state CO2 response test. To evaluate the ventilatory drive for the
      respiratory output mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) was used. The ventilatory
      response to CO2 of the patients was not significantly different from that of the
      controls. P0.1 for a given PCO2 stimulation or tidal volume in the patients was
      significantly higher than the control. Ventilatory output against P0.1, however,
      was not different in the two groups. The small tidal volume of the scoliotic
      patients seemed to be compensated by the high respiratory frequency with a large
      ventilatory drive in order to maintain adequate ventilation.

PMID- 6810502
TI  - Screening study on excretion pattern of urinary glycosaminoglycans from
      orthopedic patients.
AB  - To obtain a clue for the metabolic disorder of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in
      orthopedic diseases, a screening study on excretion pattern of urinary GAG from
      orthopedic patients was performed by the procedures of Nagatsuka et al. (1980).
      All the urines examined gave three regular GAG-bands. Besides the regular bands,
      some samples gave irregular bands. Of 123 cases examined in the present study,
      the numbers of cases with an abnormal excretion pattern of urinary GAG in the
      regular bands (A) and with the irregular band(s) (B) were as follows: 23(A) and
      7(B) in 38 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 8(A) and 5(B) in 13 cases of
      malignant bone tumor; 11(A) and 3(B) in 12 cases of benign bone tumor; 16(A) and
      3(B) in 25 cases of bone metabolic and connective tissue diseases; 6(A) and 4(B)
      in 9 cases of osteaorthritis; 6(A) and 3(B) in 8 cases of spine diseases; and
      14(A) and 8(B) in 18 cases of other orthopedic diseases. The excretion patterns
      of urinary GAG suggested that the metabolic rates of chondroitin sulfates tended
      to elevate in most cases of (A). Also, certain metabolic disorder of dermatan
      sulfate and heparan sulfate was suggested in several cases of (A). In addition,
      the abnormal metabolism of acidic glycoprotein(s) was suggested in many cases of
      (B). Excretion of a large amount of dermatan sulfate was elucidated in one case
      (Case 20 of bone metabolic and connective tissue diseases) by digestion with
      chondroitinases after the screening study. Therefore, the metabolic disorder of
      dermatan sulfate was indicated in this patient. The low activity of alpha-L
      iduronidase in her urine supported this indication. This patient was finally
      diagnosed as mucopolysaccharidosis I-S (Scheie syndrome).

PMID- 6810503
TI  - Acidic glycosaminoglycans and gangliosides in the brains from four patients with
      genetic mucopolysaccharidosis.
AB  - Acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and gangliosides were analyzed in the brains
      from control fetuses, fetal Hurler syndrome, control children and three patients
      affected by genetic mucopolysaccharidosis (Hurler, Hunter and Morquio syndromes).
      GAGs contents in the brains from patients with Hurler and Hunter syndromes were
      approximately 1.5-3.0-fold greater as compared with those controls, and most of
      the GAGs were much more degraded than those from controls. Dermatan sulfate (DS),
      which was not identified in the control brains, comprised about 20--40% of the
      total GAGs. On the other hand, GAGs content and molecular weight distribution in
      the brain from the patient affected by Morquio syndrome were similar to those in
      the control brains. GAGs content in the brain from fetal Hurler syndrome was also
      2.0-fold greater and DS, which was not detected in the control fetal brains,
      comprised 1.6% of the total GAGs. However, the molecular weight distribution of
      the GAGs was similar to those of the control fetal brains. The total amount of
      the brain gangliosides in all patients assayed here was similar to those in the
      control brains. However, a greater amount of GM1- and Gm2-gangliosides was
      observed in the brains from patients with Hurler and Hunter syndromes.

PMID- 6810505
TI  - Strategic planning and the design of a hospital ambulatory care financial
      strategy.

PMID- 6810504
TI  - Plasma LH, FSH and TSH responses to the synthetic enkephalin analog (FK 33-824)
      in normal subjects and patients with pituitary diseases.
AB  - D-Ala, Mephe, Met, enkephalin (Sandoz FK 33-824), 1.0 or 0.5 mg, was administered
      by i.v. infusion to normal subjects, patients with acromegaly and
      hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary adenoma and patients with pituitary dwarfism.
      FK 33-824 induced no significant change in plasma level of LH, FSH or TSH in any
      of the subjects studied. These results suggest a lesser role of opioid regulation
      in the release of above pituitary hormones compared with that in GH, PRL and
      cortisol.

PMID- 6810507
TI  - Identification of 1-methylthiourea as the metabolite of ethylenethiourea in rats
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The method is described for determination of a metabolite of ethylenethiourea
      (ETU) in rats. ETU and its metabolites were extracted from plasma into ethanol
      after collecting the blood from female rats treated orally with ETU. Then the
      extract was cleaned up on a silica gel column chromatography and examined by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). About 0.014 ppm of 1-methylthiourea was
      detected as the metabolite of ETU in plasma collected 2 h after an oral
      administration of 200 mg/kg of ETU.

PMID- 6810506
TI  - A whole body autoradiographic study on the distribution of 14C-labelled di-(2
      ethylhexyl)phthalate in mice.
AB  - Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer used for polyvinylchloride
      polymers, has been reported to leach from blood transfusion bags and the plastic
      material in hemodialysis units into the blood. Phthalate esters are known to be
      hepatotoxic and teratogenic in experimental animals. Reports on the distribution
      and metabolism of DEHP indicate that the compound in largely excreted from the
      body within a few days. In the present investigation the distribution and tissue
      retention after administration of [14C]DEHP (carbonyl-14C or 2-ethylhexyl-1-14c)
      was studied in pregnant and non-pregnant mice with whole body autoradiography.
      Initially a high activity was observed in the brown fat, liver, gall bladder,
      intestinal contents, kidney and urinary bladder. Pretreatment with DEHP,
      phenobarbital sodium or 3-methylcholanthrene caused a relative increase of the
      activity in the brown fat, indicating that induced metabolic conversion of DEHP
      leads to an increased deposition of radioactivity in brown fat. After
      administration of DEHP (carbonyl-14C), but not DEHP (2-ethylhexyl-1-14C),marked
      retention was observed in the skin, cartilage and tendons. The mechanism
      responsible for the slow accumulation in these connective tissues is not known.
      In the early embryo a high concentration was observed in the neuroepithelium.
      This pronounced uptake may be correlated to the DEHP-induced malformations
      exencephaly and spina bifida observed in mice.

PMID- 6810508
TI  - [Color communication between office and laboratory. Color selection and color
      production in dental porcelain].

PMID- 6810509
TI  - [Cavity lining as a cause of failure in dental restorations].

PMID- 6810511
TI  - [Liability of dentists].

PMID- 6810512
TI  - [Photographic documentation in dental practice. Information on a new flash
      attachment].

PMID- 6810510
TI  - [Oral implantology. The International Team for Oral Implantatology (ITI)].

PMID- 6810513
TI  - [Increased fluoride content of table salt].

PMID- 6810514
TI  - [Sugar and Zurich. Plaque pH telemetry].

PMID- 6810515
TI  - [Epidemiological data on periodontal diseases in the Federal Republic of
      Germany].

PMID- 6810517
TI  - The basal cell nevus syndrome.

PMID- 6810516
TI  - Differences in the activity of adenosine deaminase and of purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase and in the sensitivity to deoxypurine nucleosides between
      subpopulations of mouse thymocytes.
AB  - The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and of purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP) were measured in thymocyte subpopulations separated by peanut
      agglutinin (PNA), in unseparated thymocytes, in lymph node and in spleen cells.
      The PNA+ thymocyte subpopulation exhibited the highest ADA activity of all cells
      studied. The lowest PNP activity was found in the PNA- subpopulation of
      thymocytes. PNA+ cells, moreover, exhibited a more intensive DNA synthesis than
      the PNA- cells, and a greater sensitivity to deoxyadenosine toxicity in the
      presence of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA). The two thymocyte
      subpopulations exhibited a similar sensitivity to deoxyguanosine (dG) toxicity.

PMID- 6810518
TI  - Marburg, Ebola and Rift Valley Fever virus antibodies in East African primates.
AB  - Sera from 464 primates held at four institutes in Kenya were tested by indirect
      immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies against Marburg, Ebola, Congo
      haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and Lassa viruses. Four of 136 vervet
      monkeys were positive for Marburg virus antibodies and three of 184 baboons had
      antibodies against Ebola virus. One baboon was positive for Marburg virus
      antibodies. Two vervet monkeys, three baboons and one grivet monkey (of 56
      tested) had antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus. No Congo or Lassa virus
      antibodies were detected. A sample of 88 sera of more arboreal primates (Sykes,
      blue and colobus monkeys) were negative against all five antigens, as were sera
      from 58 staff members of the institutes who worked with or near the animals.

PMID- 6810519
TI  - Effect of specific chemotherapy on the levels of lytic antibodies in Chagas's
      disease.
AB  - Clinical trials with compounds active in Chagas's disease have shown that after
      treatment parasitological diagnostic methods (xenodiagnosis) become repeatedly
      negative whereas conventional serology (immunofluorescence and complement
      fixation tests) persists steadily positive. Consequently, assessment of cure
      still remains controversial. This paper reports the influence of specific
      treatment on antibodies involved in the conventional serological diagnosis and on
      antibodies which bind to the living bloodstream forms and are related to host
      resistance. Antibodies lytic to Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream stages were
      detected, through a complement-mediated lysis (CML) test, in: (a) 100% of 28
      untreated patients; (b) 94% of a group of 21 treated patients in whom
      conventional serology remained positive, including those with persistently
      negative  xenodiagnosis; (c) 0% of 17 normal controls. In some patients treated
      with a nitrofuran derivative (nifurtimox) or with a 2-nitroimidazole derivative
      (benznidazol), CML test became gradually negative whereas conventional serology
      continued to be positive. Finally, in five patients treated with benznidazol,
      serological tests, CML and xenodiagnosis became regularly negative, strongly
      suggesting parasitological cure. Those findings demonstrate a dissociation
      between the antibodies mediating serological diagnosis and those directed against
      living bloodstream parasites. Moreover, since in some patients both types of
      antibodies disappeared after treatment, the results suggest that cure of Chagas's
      disease should be based not only on negative xenodiagnosis but also on the
      elimination of specific antibodies detectable by conventional serology and CML
      test.

PMID- 6810520
TI  - The immunological response to polyvalent meningococcal vaccine in Bauchi State,
      Nigeria.
AB  - The post-vaccination antibody response to both Group A and Group C meningococcal
      polysaccharide antigen was studied in 397 male and 359 female vaccinated persons
      aged between 4 and 40 years from Bauchi Town and neighbouring villages in
      Nigeria. No difference in response was observed between the sexes. Highest
      antibody levels occurred in those aged between 13 and 28 years. Haemoglobin
      genotype did not affect response. Malnourished children had significantly lower
      mean IgG, IgA and IgM levels and the response to meningovaccine was also lower
      than in normal children.

PMID- 6810521
TI  - Prediction of negative crossmatch: an aid for cost-effective kidney sharing.
AB  - Prospective kidney transplant recipients, who have broadly reactive cytotoxic
      antibodies, are currently at a considerable disadvantage in competing for shared
      kidneys since they tend not to be considered as candidates because of the
      likelihood of kidney wastage subsequent to positive crossmatch tests. Alternative
      to extensive shipping, storage and crossmatch testing by the harvesting center,
      is the prediction of crossmatch outcome on the basis of donor HLA type and
      recipient sera characteristics. A prediction method was developed that yields
      approximately 85% correct predictions. The method was validated by predicting
      crossmatch outcome of 67 consecutive cadaveric donors tested against 87
      recipients and is suggested as useful for guiding kidney sharing programs.

PMID- 6810522
TI  - Serologic considerations in donor-specific transfusion therapy for kidney
      transplantation.

PMID- 6810523
TI  - Successful allografts of pancreatic islets in diabetic rabbits after donor
      specific blood transfusion and antilymphocyte serum treatment.

PMID- 6810524
TI  - Sarcocystis of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its transmission to
      the dog (Canis familiaris).

PMID- 6810525
TI  - Thyroid function in protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6810526
TI  - The Rh problem: (an example of the tsunami phenomenon in medicine).

PMID- 6810527
TI  - Effects of total and subcapsular orchidectomy on serum concentrations of
      testosterone and pituitary hormones in patients with carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - 22 men with carcinoma of the prostate were consecutively subjected to either
      total or subcapsular orchidectomy at random. Serum concentrations of
      testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin,
      thyroid-stimulating hormone and testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin were
      followed. No differences were found between the two groups during the 6-month
      follow-up period. Orchidectomy reduced testosterone concentration in all cases
      and none responded to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation 6 months
      postoperatively. The concentrations of free and bound testosterone were
      calculated but did not vary between the two types of operation, which were
      considered equally efficient in reducing testosterone concentration. However,
      doubts about the completeness of the operation might possibly arise in cases with
      cancer progress and therefore we prefer total orchidectomy as the first choice,
      but perform subtotal orchidectomy on those men preferring this type of operation
      psychologically.

PMID- 6810528
TI  - Ten-year review of vesical diverticula.

PMID- 6810529
TI  - Genitourinary tuberculosis revisited.

PMID- 6810530
TI  - Systemic mitomycin C versus cisplatin: comparison of antitumor activity in
      primary murine bladder cancer.

PMID- 6810531
TI  - Coagulum-facilitated urethral diverticulectomy.

PMID- 6810534
TI  - [Production of monospecific type A botulinum toxin and antiserum using a column
      chromatographic method].
AB  - A column chromatography method was employed to obtain a monospecific botulinus
      type A toxin. The latter was found to be a homogeneous product via column
      chromatographic and electrophoretic studies. The immunodiffusion test after
      Ouchterlony with a serum obtained with the use of a native toxin yielded one
      precipitation line. No such lines were produced with a serum obtained from
      animals immunized with a type B toxin. The purified toxin could be detoxicated by
      routinely applied methods. When injected to rabbits it induced the production of
      monospecific antibodies.

PMID- 6810532
TI  - Demonstration of anti-horse red blood cell antibodies in a sarcocystis infected
      pony.

PMID- 6810533
TI  - Serological response of cattle after vaccination and challenge with Brucella
      abortus.
AB  - New and currently used serological procedures were evaluated using sera from
      cattle that were challenged with B. abortus S544 (S544) after vaccination with
      either B. abortus S19 (S19) or B. abortus 45/20 (S45/20) as calves or adults. In
      animals vaccinated with S19, titres to the indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) rose
      more slowly, declined more rapidly and involved fewer animals than did titres to
      the complement fixation test (CFT). In animals vaccinated with S45/20 the rough
      antigen complement fixation test (RCFT) showed persistent titres. At slaughter
      the IHLT and CFT were found to be more specific and more sensitive than the Rose
      Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) in the detection of
      cattle infected with B. abortus.

PMID- 6810535
TI  - [Some considerations concerning the neuromuscular rehabilitation of the
      hemiplegic patient].

PMID- 6810536
TI  - [Vertebral traction with the TRU-TRAC electronic device, a modern method of
      functional rehabilitation in cervical and lumbar spondylosis].

PMID- 6810537
TI  - [The detection and prevention of risk factors in infantile morbidity and
      mortality].

PMID- 6810538
TI  - [Hemodynamic re-equilibration by blood transfusion].

PMID- 6810539
TI  - ["The Century of the Child" discussed in medical congresses held in Romania in
      1919 and in 1925].

PMID- 6810541
TI  - [Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale)].

PMID- 6810540
TI  - The protease inhibitor TLCK alters the apparent molecular weights of some measles
      virus proteins by a mechanism unrelated to inhibition of proteolytic cleavage.

PMID- 6810542
TI  - [Molecular heterogeneity of the collagen from the skin of white rats in the early
      postnatal period].
AB  - Content and biosynthesis of collagens of I and III types were studied in skin of
      5 and 50 days old rats. The ratio of collagens of the I and III types was equal
      to 17.84 in the skin of 5 days old rats and to -- 13.42 in the tissue of 50 days
      old rats. The collagen biosynthesis was studied using 14C-glycine incorporation.
      The ratio of 14C-collagens of the I and III types was equal to 47.53 and 50.03 in
      the skin of 5- and 50 days old animals, respectively. The data obtained showed
      occurrence of collagen III biosynthesis of comparatively low rate in rat skin
      within the postnatal period. The phenotypic modulation of biosynthesis of these
      collagen types exhibited the step-like pattern in the change from embryogenesis
      to postnatal development of rats.

PMID- 6810543
TI  - [Procoagulant properties of beta/gamma-thrombin].
AB  - If beta/gamma-thrombin interacted with blood plasma in vitro, shortening of
      recalcification period as well as partial thromboplastin time were observed in
      blood plasma, which were not related to low amount of alpha-thrombin in the
      preparation. Intensity of the procoagulant effect depended on the enzyme
      concentration. Presence of an excess of phospholipids did not inhibit this effect
      suggesting that the latter did not involve the thrombocytic factor 3 liberation.
      Factor V was shown to be activated by beta/gamma-thrombin in blood plasma, the
      rate of which depends on the enzyme concentration; the activation was not due to
      low content of alpha-thrombin in the preparation. Activation of factor V was only
      responsible for the procoagulant activity of beta/gamma-thrombin as shown by time
      analysis of the reaction and by the enzyme concentrations used. Interaction of
      beta-gamma-thrombin with blood plasma led also to a gradual decrease in activity
      of factor VIII and did not affect the factor VII activity. The data obtained
      showed that beta/gamma-thrombin, deprived of ability to coagulate fibrinogen,
      maintained its activity towards the other factors of blood coagulation,
      suggesting the presence of independent haemostatic function in the enzyme.

PMID- 6810544
TI  - [Results of combined chemo- and radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 6810545
TI  - [Various debatable points in the diet therapy of patients with terminal renal
      failure on maintainance hemodialysis].

PMID- 6810546
TI  - [Effect of methods of heat treatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of meat proteins].

PMID- 6810547
TI  - [Immune reactions in malnutrition and aflatoxin blastomogenesis].
AB  - Experiments were made on 80 male Wistar rats kept for 210 days on the common
      (respectively restricted protein) diet and exposed to aflatoxin intoxication.
      Humoral immunity was elucidated by qualitative and semi-quantitative
      immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the IgG and IgM levels, as was the presence of
      circulating autoantibodies in the test animals' serum. At the end of the
      experiments the development of leiomyosarcomas was noted in the absence of
      primary neoplastic transformation in the liver. The tumors were less incident in
      the animals kept on the low-grade diet than in those kept on the full-value diet.
      Immunoassay revealed the presence of humoral immunity inhibition under
      malnutrition. During protein deficiency there were no circulating autoantibodies
      against mesenchymal tissue antigens which were found in the serum of the animals
      fed ad libitum. It is assumed that immune deficiency in malnutrition is also
      accompanied by inhibition of the so-called enhancement phenomenon in the course
      of aflatoxin blastomogenesis. It is likely that the immunological mechanisms
      cited have an effect on the histogenesis as well as on the development of
      aflatoxin tumors.

PMID- 6810548
TI  - [Microcirculatory status and histamine metabolism indices in recurrent peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 6810549
TI  - [Medico-industrial expertise in the late sequelae of brain injuries].

PMID- 6810550
TI  - [Splenin in the therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6810551
TI  - [Effect of vitamin E on the blood serum histamine content and histaminase
      activity in coronary arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6810552
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic effect of molsidomine in patients with unstable angina
      pectoris].
AB  - In 30 patients with a grave form of ischemic heart disease--unstable angina
      pectoris, peroral treatment with molsidomin (Corvaton) was carried out in a dose
      I table of 20 mg, three times daily, in the course of 33 days at an average. The
      incidence, intensity and duration of stenocardiac paroxysms were followed up as
      well as the nitroglycerine need- and electrocardiographic changes. The main
      hemodynamic indices, prior to and post treatment, were also determined. The
      stenocardiac paroxysms were established to disappear after molsidomin treatment
      in 30 per cent of the cases as well as reduction of anginose symptomatics in more
      than 50 per cent in 50 per cent of the patients, reduction of stenocardiac
      symptomatics to 50 per cent in 3.3 per cent of the cases and no effect in 16.7
      per cent of the patients. The hemodynamic molsidomin effect was conditioned by
      the increase of the volume of the venous vascular system, due to which the venous
      flow to the heart was diminished--a reduction of the overloaded myocardium and
      its oxygen needs occurred.

PMID- 6810553
TI  - The cultural connection: including cultural variations in quality nursing care.

PMID- 6810554
TI  - [Atypical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis simulating pulmonary carcinoma].

PMID- 6810555
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in urology and transplantation.

PMID- 6810556
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in biliary surgery.

PMID- 6810557
TI  - Catheterization of the internal jugular vein for total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6810560
TI  - Effects of methionine sulphoximine on protein transients during heterocyst
      differentiation in Anabaena and Cylindrospermum spp.
AB  - Heterocystous blue-green algae normally do not develop heterocysts if grown in
      the medium enriched with ammonium compounds. If such cultures are resuspended in
      a medium lacking combined nitrogen, the heterocysts differentiate within 24 h. L
      methionine-DL-sulphoximine (MSO) has been reported to induce heterocysts even in
      the presence of ammonium chloride. The changes in gel electrophoresis protein
      profiles of cultures developing heterocysts, in the ammonium chloride enriched
      medium supplemented with MSO suggest that heterocyst differentiation in the
      presence of ammonium chloride and MSO may be due to derepression of heterocyst
      formation genes by MSO.

PMID- 6810561
TI  - Spore differentiation in relation to certain antibiotics in the blue-green alga
      Nodularia spumigena Mertens.
AB  - Induction of spore differentiation is achieved within three days in Nodularia
      spumigena by incubating the cultures at 35 degrees C in the light.
      Morphologically detectable sporulation and spore germination could not occur in
      the presence of chloramphenicol, streptomycin and penicillin. But chloramphenicol
      supplemented cultures developed prominent cyanophycin granules. Synthesis of
      these granules seems to be a non-ribosomal phenomenon.

PMID- 6810562
TI  - [AS-1L - a newly discovered strain of Cyanophage AS-1 in GDR].
AB  - In samples, taken from waters in the surroundings of Leipzig (GDR) in 1978, we
      found cyanophages in Central Europe for the first time. Among other cyanophages
      we isolated the new strain AS-1L. Out of 20 tested cultures of unicellular
      cyanobacteria seven strains belonging to the genus Synechococcus proved to be
      susceptible for this cyanophage. In morphology AS-1L corresponds to the
      cyanophage AS-1 found in the U.S.A., to which it is related serologically, too.
      AS-1L differs from the other strains of AS-1 by a shorter growth cycle,
      especially a shorter latent period, by the kinetics of inactivation by antiserum,
      and by a somewhat narrower pH scope of stability. Consequently the isolated
      cyanophage is to be looked at as a new strain of the cyanophage AS-1.

PMID- 6810559
TI  - From contraception to cancer: a review of the therapeutic applications of LHRH
      analogues as antitumor agents.
AB  - LHRH and its analogues produce profound antireproductive effects in both sexes of
      a variety of animal species. Although the LHRH agonists induce gonadotropin
      release, gonadal steroid secretion, ovulation, and spermatogenesis as an
      expression of their traditional profertility pharmacologic profile, they
      paradoxically and characteristically cause predominant antifertility effects
      which have been extensively evaluated for potential contraceptive purposes. These
      agonists produce their antireproductive effects in both males and females by
      common mechanisms, ultimately resulting in disruption of pituitary-gonadal
      function, depression of steroidogenesis, and inhibition of target organs
      dependent on such gonadal support. Similar antireproductive effects have been
      observed with the LHRH antagonists which competitively inhibit LHRH-induced
      gonadotropin secretion resulting in reduced blood gonadal steroid levels. Use of
      the inhibitory properties has been extended to cancer therapy based on the
      ability of the LHRH analogues (particularly the agonists) to inhibit the growth
      of steroid-dependent (responsive) tumors (e.g., mammary, prostate) similar to
      that produced by gonadectomy and antisteroid treatments. The use of these
      peptides for selected hormone-sensitive tumors presents a novel
      pharmacotherapeutic application for this class of drug.

PMID- 6810563
TI  - [A historical turning-point in the history of natural science and medicine. 100th
      anniversary of the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert Koch].

PMID- 6810558
TI  - Pulmonary renal syndromes. II. Etiology and pathogenesis.
AB  - Numerous systemic diseases share immunopathogenic mechanisms. This article
      reviews the proposed etiologies and immunopathogenic mechanisms of a group of
      diseases which share pulmonary and renal abnormalities. Specifically, we discuss
      the following diseases: Good-pasture's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      progressive systemic sclerosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid
      granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome.

PMID- 6810566
TI  - [Physiopathology and biochemistry in the acute respiratory distress syndrome-
      animal experiment studies].

PMID- 6810567
TI  - Cyclic morphological variations in the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland
      of ewe.
AB  - A histomorphological examination has been made in the pars distalis of the
      pituitaries of twelve normal healthy sexually mature ewes which were classified
      into three groups (resting, follicular and luteal phase) according to the
      different phases of reproduction. The histological features of FSH- and LH-cells
      during anestrus has been used to establish a standard with which the subsequent
      changes during the follicular and luteal phases were compared. Using PAS/OG,
      AB/OG and PFA/AB/PAS/OG stains, the FSH- and LH-cells were differentiated and
      identified from the other forms of the pars distalis cells. The topographical
      localization of the FSH- and LH-cells, in various regions and levels in the pars
      distalis of balady ewe as well as their frequencies during the different phases
      of reproductive cycle were discussed. Statistical analysis of the different cell
      count during the different phases of estrus cycle in comparison with the resting
      phase (anestrus), can be summarized as follows: - The FSH- and LH-cells are more
      pronounced, more active and significantly increased in number during the
      follicular phase of estrus cycle. - The LH-cells appear to be more abundant and
      show sings of hyperactivity at the luteal phase than the resting and follicular
      phases.

PMID- 6810565
TI  - [Changes in anthropometrical, laboratory-chemical and immunological indices as
      functions of anabolism and catabolism. Definition of nutritional status].

PMID- 6810568
TI  - Screening for highly active plasmid promoters via fusion to beta-galactosidase
      gene.
AB  - A plasmid containing promoter-deleted inactive beta-galactosidase gene [1] was
      used to select promoters of the pEP 121 plasmid [2]. Colonies of cells harboring
      reactivated beta-galactosidase gene were identified by their red color on
      McConkey plates. The quantitative amounts of beta-galactosidase produced in each
      clone were estimated by assaying enzyme activity and by measuring the specific
      beta-galactosidase protein following fractionation of total cells' proteins on
      polyacrylamide gel. A wide range of enzyme activities was observed. The most
      active promoter isolated was shown to promote beta-galactosidase production more
      efficiently, compared with the original beta-galactosidase promoter, amounting to
      20% of all cell proteins. Such highly active promoters may be utilized in the
      future, to promote expression of cloned genes in bacteria.

PMID- 6810569
TI  - Ultrastructure of gamonts and gametes and fertilization of Sarcocystis sp. from
      the roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in dogs.
AB  - Gamonts of Sarcocystis sp. from the roe deer were examined in the intestine of
      dogs 10 h after inoculation. Early macrogamonts were limited by a three
      membranous pellicle, and situated in a parasitophorous vacuole. Female sexual
      stages during fertilization, the macrogametes, were limited by five membranes,
      and microgametes were observed in the parasitophorous vacuole. The outer
      membranes of the microgamete and macrogamete fuse, and the nucleoplasm of the
      microgamte enters the cytoplasm of the macrogamete. No wall-forming bodies were
      observed in macrogamonts and macrogametes.

PMID- 6810564
TI  - [Pathogenesis and therapy of malnutrition in oncology].

PMID- 6810570
TI  - [Radiological and histomorphological correlation of bone tumors and tumor-like
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - In the diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions the radiographic
      examination plays a dominant role in the phase before performing a biopsy, with
      the support of this examination important facts are available for the further
      diagnostic procedure, for planning the biopsy and also for getting the
      preliminary guiding principles how the therapy has to be performed. In order to
      interpret a radiograph of a diseased bone optimally it is necessary to know the
      histomorphological background of an X-ray feature. This more particularly as the
      reaction of bone to a pathological process is limited to only 2 radiographic
      images: osteolysis or/and osteosclerosis. On the basis of the histological
      pattern and the dynamic micromorphological process the picture of osteolysis and
      osteosclerosis is analysed. The periosteal reaction is also considered in this
      manner. After the representation of these general principles a detailed tabulated
      synopsis is given about the correlation between the histological and
      roentgenological findings of all benign and malignant bone tumors and tumor-like
      conditions.

PMID- 6810571
TI  - [Role of proteolysis in the reproduction of animal and human viruses and the
      antiviral activity of protease inhibitors].

PMID- 6810572
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics and diagnosis of lysosomal diseases related to
      hereditary glycosidase deficiency].

PMID- 6810573
TI  - [Achievements of biochemical genetics in studying hereditary pathology of the
      connective tissue].

PMID- 6810574
TI  - [Chemical mutagenesis patterns in experimental mammals].

PMID- 6810575
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological and microbiological studies of the causes of recurrences
      in gonorrhea].

PMID- 6810576
TI  - Parenteral nutrition with a "breast milk adapted" solution of amino acids in
      infants and children after abdominal surgery.
AB  - Plasma amino acid levels as well as urinary and plasma concentrations of nitrogen
      were determined in 24 infants and 12 children on five consecutive days after
      major abdominal surgery. Parenteral nutrition was carried out by means of two
      different amino acid solutions. One formula (PE) was based on the amino acid
      composition of potato-egg protein, the other (BM) on that of human breast milk.
      Control subjects received glucose only. The controls showed decreased plasma
      levels of most amino acids as well as negative nitrogen balances. In contrast, in
      the patients treated with amino acids the plasma concentrations of most amino
      acids were found in the normal range. In the infants elevated plasma amino acid
      levels were found more often in the BM-group than in the PE-group. Among the
      children, however, the PE-group showed an elevation in the plasma levels of amino
      acids more frequently than the BM-group. There is no significant difference in
      the positive nitrogen balance between the BM-groups and the PE-groups. Therefore,
      it can be concluded that the use of BM has no clear advantage over that of PE.

PMID- 6810577
TI  - [Occurrence of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma after long-term azathioprine
      therapy of chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - The case is presented of a female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, in whom a
      malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed following long-term treatment with
      azathioprine. The possibility of an increased incidence of malignant lymphomas in
      immunological disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, is discussed, as is the
      question of the extent to which azathioprine therapy might be involved in this.
      Some pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of malignant lymphomas are also
      considered.

PMID- 6810578
TI  - Prostaglandins and their precursors in rheumatoid arthritis: progress and
      problems.
AB  - Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that prostaglandins and their
      precursors, collectively termed prostanoids, have an important role to play in
      the pathogenesis of joint destruction in arthritis, with particular reference to
      rheumatoid arthritis. After discussion of the role of prostanoids as mediators of
      inflammation, evidence is given that prostanoids are present in the joints of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis, that these substances are capable of causing
      joint damage in vitro and in vivo, and that drugs which are able to arrest the
      progress of the arthritic condition or bring symptomatic relief possess the
      ability to inhibit prostanoid synthesis in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6810579
TI  - [Cost-benefit analysis of preventive measures].

PMID- 6810580
TI  - Standard-suspension-test: influence of bovine albumin, saline and water of
      standard hardness on M.E.-values.
AB  - Notwithstanding considerable international agreement upon the principle of the
      quantitative suspension test differences still exist between the main variants of
      this test, in particular on the diluent to be used in the test mixture. For this
      reason the influence of the main variables - i.e. bovine albumin (0.03%), NaCl
      (physiol. saline) and divalent ions (water of standard hardness) - on the
      activity of the different classes of disinfectants have been investigated. Using
      so-called borderline concentrations only a small protein effect of 0.03% bovine
      albumin was found with a phenolic product, quaternary ammonium compounds and
      aldehydes. A substantial protein effect was observed only with chlorine
      compounds. The chlorine consumption in the present Dutch Standard Suspension Test
      is approx. 20 ppm. In tests without a protein load as well as in the presence of
      0.03% bovine albumin M.E.-values using saline as the diluent were usually higher
      than in tests using water of standard hardness (WSH) or distilled water (DW).
      M.E.-values of quaternary ammonium compounds in WSH were significantly lower than
      those in DW, presumably due to the antagonizing effect of divalent cations (Mg++
      and Ca++). The different views regarding the aim of quantitative suspension tests
      are discussed. In The Netherlands the opinion prevails that these tests should
      have at least some relationship with practical conditions. The use of water of
      standard hardness as a diluent and the incorporation of a slight protein
      challenge are in agreement with this standpoint.

PMID- 6810581
TI  - [Hypophyseal response to LH-RH test, following use of non-aromatisable androgen
      on women with normal menstruation cycle (author's transl)].
AB  - Women with normal menstruation cycle were followed up for the hypophyseal
      response to LH-RH tests, following application of a non-aromatisable androgen.
      The purpose was to check up a hypothesis according to which hyperandrogenism was
      in no causative relationship with anovulation. The LH-RH test was applied twice
      to ten women with transsexualism who had an ovulatory menstruation cycle, one of
      them being used for control and the other immediately following four-day
      application of non-aromatisable androgen Ultandren (fluoxymesterone), Ciba, in
      the early follicular maturation phase of the menstruation cycle. The dose was 40
      mg per diem, with the route of administration being oral. Hypophyseal reaction
      was assessed through the difference between the original value and the maximum of
      FSH and LH rise (radio-immunological measurement), 45 minutes following
      intravenous injection of 100 micrograms of LH-RH. Assessment was based on the
      phase-t test. The average differences between gonadotrophin values in the control
      cycle, on the one hand, and in the cycle under the impact of fluoxymesterone, on
      the other, were verified by simple t-test and pairs test. -- Non-aromatisable
      androgen fluoxymesterone did not depress with significance the depletion of
      either gonadotrophin in the women treated. Hypophyseal reaction to the LH-RH test
      was not substantially influenced by increased levels of non-aromatisable
      androgen. These results are likely to reinforce the doubts of the authors in the
      presence of an unambiguous direct causative relationship between hyperandrogenism
      and anovulation.

PMID- 6810582
TI  - [New trends in treatment of ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Poor survival rates of ovarian carcinoma have continued to be a cause of grave
      concern over decades and led to growing attention and alert in recent years.
      Promising results have already been recorded. More knowledge of important factors
      with relevance to prognosis has been helpful in unitising large-scale therapeutic
      studies for better comparability, a desire which had been unfulfilled in the
      past. Close interdisciplinary cooperation between gynaecologists,
      radiotherapists, and chemotherapists proved to be essential to optimum programmes
      of therapy. Persistent basic research for better understanding of biological
      behaviours of ovarian carcinomas and of so far unknown factors of prognosis and
      persistent efforts for earlier diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma are just as
      important. This is the only way to more effective control of the disease which
      still is, diagnostically and therapeutically, one of the major problems in
      gynaecology.

PMID- 6810583
TI  - [Amino acid imbalances in blood of pregnant women with diabetes and in blood of
      their newborns--limit values for screening (author's transl)].
AB  - Blood-borne free amino acids of 100 mothers were tested immediately after birth.
      Fifty of the probands had diabetes, while the other 50 were metabolically intact.
      Amino acid imbalance was recorded by means of multidimensional variance analysis
      from the diabetics and found to have been largely associated with glutamic acid
      threonine, alanine, glycine-serine, and glutamine.--A formula, derived from the
      aforementioned relevant amino acid concentrations, is given in this paper
      together with a nomogram (which might be used instead of the formula) for
      determination of diabetes-caused alterations in the amino acid spectrum

PMID- 6810584
TI  - [Enzootic vulvar cancer in sheep].

PMID- 6810585
TI  - The combined action of dieldrin and phosphamidon in goats.

PMID- 6810586
TI  - Modification of the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in
      goats by pre-treatment with dieldrin and phenobarbitone.

PMID- 6810587
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and cloprostenol (ICI, 80, 996) on plasma
      oestradiol-17 beta in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

PMID- 6810588
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues and serum from pigs.

PMID- 6810589
TI  - A creatine kinase isoenzyme variant in porcine serum and tissue extracts.

PMID- 6810590
TI  - [A simple micromethod for the determination of specific IgG content against
      bacterial somatic antigens in rabbit immune sera by a modified enzyme
      immunoassay].

PMID- 6810591
TI  - [Nucleotide composition of enterococcal DNA].
AB  - A simple method for isolating DNA from enterococci has been developed. This
      method allows one to extract DNA of good quality in optimal amounts irrespective
      of the method used for obtaining the culture and the duration of its incubation.
      Mobile enterococci are sharply differentiated into 3 groups in accordance with
      their nucleotide composition, the content of GC pairs in DNA being 31.6% in group
      1, 35.8-38.0% in group 2, and 40.6-41.5% in group 3.

PMID- 6810592
TI  - [Fractionation of Neisseria allergenic preparations by a gel chromatographic
      method on sepharose 4B].
AB  - The fraction composition of allergens obtained by different methods from the
      microbial mass of N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and N. perflava has been
      studied. Each method produced its characteristic number of fractions,
      irrespective of the Neisseria species used. Their molecular weights: more than
      2,000,000 daltons, 160,000 daltons, 31,000 daltons and 14,000 daltons. All these
      fractions are biologically active.

PMID- 6810593
TI  - [Changes in the anti-infection immunity indices of esophageal cancer patients
      undergoing combined immunization against staphylococcal and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa infections].
AB  - The method of the complex immunization of patients with esophageal cancer against
      the main causative agents of purulent infections has been developed. Purified
      concentrated staphylococcal toxoid and polyvalent corpuscular P. aeruginosa
      vaccine were used for the immunization of 26 patients. Immunization was carried
      out in 3 injections (11 patients) and 4 injections (15 patients) made at
      intervals of 7 days. This resulted in the activation of nonspecific immunity
      factors (the total bactericidal properties of the blood serum, the phagocytic
      activity of neutrophils, the increase of the IgG level) and in a considerable
      increase in the factors of specific protection against staphylococcal and P.
      aeruginosa infections: the titer of staphylococcal anti-alpha-toxin increased 7-
      to 11-fold and the titer of antibodies to P. aeruginosa antibodies increased 5-
      to 6.5-fold. The preoperative vaccination of patients decreased the occurrence of
      postoperative purulent complications from 71% to 11.5%.

PMID- 6810594
TI  - [Clinico-electrophysiologic correlations in epilepsy with primarily generalized
      peak-wave phenomena on the EEG].

PMID- 6810595
TI  - [Brain temperature in health and disease (review of the literature)].

PMID- 6810596
TI  - [Periods in the course of the epileptic process].

PMID- 6810597
TI  - [Various aspects of the development and course of remissions in focal epilepsy].
AB  - On the basis of long-term follow-up observations of 309 patients with focal forms
      of epilepsy the author succeeded in tracing the onset and course of 145
      remissions in 122 patients. In 50 of them the remissions were still continuing by
      the moment of the last examination. It was noted that the remissions set in more
      frequently in patients with an early onset of the disease and a short duration of
      the latter. In patients with a late onset of the epilepsy the remissions were
      longer. In the course of the remissions the epileptic process might develop in
      the direction of formation of the epileptic focus and further aggravation of the
      psychic disturbances: this was particularly manifest in patients with temporal
      epilepsy. A certain role in the development of the remissions belongs to a number
      of factors, among which pneumoencephalography combined with intensive medicinal
      therapy is of a particular importance. While evaluating the completeness of the
      remission and possibility of recovery one should take into account (in addition
      to other factors) also the etiology of the disease. During long-term remissions
      many patients should be given courses of etiopathogenic treatment, such as
      dehydration, antiinflammatory and resorption therapy, etc.

PMID- 6810598
TI  - [Clinical picture and pathogenesis of Jacksonian seizures in cerebral
      arteriovenous aneurysms].
AB  - The results of combined examinations of 26 patients with arteriovenous aneurysms
      in the brain are presented. The patients constituted two groups in one of which
      the aneurysm took a "neoplastic", and in the other a "vascular" course. The
      morphological and clinical forms of the aneurysm course that depended on the
      localization and size of the anomaly are described in detail. The brachial and
      crural types of Jacksonian seizures are specified. In the neoplastic form of the
      aneurysms (contrary to the vascular one) these seisures were the leading clinical
      symptom at the disease onset and had a complicated structure that included
      diverse sensitive phenomena, the tonic constituent of the convulsions and
      symptoms of transient cerebrovascular insufficiency. In the periods between the
      seizures the neurological and EEG symptoms were weak. The disturbances of the
      vestibular system revealed at the trunco-cortical level point to a progressing
      character of the disease and a high frequency of the paroxysms. The leading links
      in the pathogenesis of the seizures were circulatory disturbances in the system
      of the aneurism-carrying vessels in the neoplastic form, and cicatricial-atrophic
      changes at the sites of the former hemorrhages in the vascular form of the
      aneurism.

PMID- 6810599
TI  - [Morphogenesis of epileptic seizures].
AB  - As a result of micro- and ultrastructural examinations of the epileptic foci in
      patients with epilepsy the authors have demonstrated a phasic character of the
      morphogenesis of the epileptic seizures. The first phase was the formation of the
      pathological focus (appearance of respective histo- and ultrastructural changes
      in the neurons, glia, and vessels) without seizures. The second phase was
      characterized by epileptization of the neurons: this manifested itself in mass
      activation of the axo-dendritic synapses (formation of the primary epileptic
      focus). The third phase consisted in the formation of "epileptic systems" with
      focal and generalized (mainly isomorph) seizures. In the fourth phase
      "epileptization of the brain" with polymorphism and increase of seizure frequency
      (not always) took place. The morphological (the histo- and ultrastructural)
      findings were compared with the clinical manifestations.

PMID- 6810600
TI  - [Sleep disorders in the Unverricht-Lundborg myoclonic epilepsy syndrome].
AB  - In 3 patients with the syndrome of Unverricht-Lundborg's myoclonus-epilepsy
      electropolygraphic examinations were carried out during night sleep. A
      substantial disorganization of the sleep was revealed, the degree of which
      correlated with the gravity of the clinical picture. This disorganization
      manifested itself in pronounced changes of the electroencephalographic
      phenomenology of the sleep and disturbance of its structure with a prolongation
      of the 1st stage and the delta-sleep and a shortening of the 2nd stage and the
      quick sleep phase. An insufficient EEG desynchronization was noted in the periods
      of awakeness, drowsiness, and quick sleep: this pointed to defective functioning
      of the brain desynchronizing systems. In distinction from other forms of epilepsy
      the pathological paroxysmal activity was prevalent also in the period of the
      awakeness, and diminished in parallel with the depth of the sleep. The myoclonic
      hyperkinesis got also weaker at the stage of slow sleep, but became more intense
      at the quick sleep stage. The data obtained point to a pronounced dysfunction of
      the non-specific activating and deactivating systems of the brain in myoclonus
      epilepsy. This dysfunction is associated with an organic affection of the trunco
      diencephalic structures and the influence of the active epileptic process.

PMID- 6810601
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of certain modern antiepileptic preparations].

PMID- 6810602
TI  - [Predicting therapeutic success in the treatment of children with petit mal using
      a pattern recognition method].

PMID- 6810603
TI  - [Development of an enzyme immunoassay for determination of factor VIII antigens].
AB  - We describe an enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of factor VIII related
      antigen. The principle of the method is the following: Test plasma is mixed with
      rabbit antibodies against human factor VIII in excess and incubated at 37 degrees
      C. The incubation mixture is added to polystyrene tubes coated with human factor
      VIII. The rabbit antibody is available to adhere to factor VIII coating the tube
      and can be detected with an enzyme-labeled wether antibody to rabbit IgG. This
      method is sensitive to 7.8 x 10(-3) U/ml factor VIII antigen.

PMID- 6810605
TI  - Human listeriosis.

PMID- 6810604
TI  - [Surgical treatment of failures or recurrences after Heller cardiomyotomy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A Heller cardiomyotomy has been realized in 406 cases of achalasia. The
      indications for operation are defined. Surgery must be preferred to dilatation:
      the results are favorable in 96% of cases. The failures or so-called failures are
      detailed. In failures or recurrences due to an insufficient cardiomyotomy, a new
      myotomy is indicated. Gastro-esophageal reflux is frequently an indication for
      oesogastric resection. Failures have been observed in 70 cases. The insufficient
      initial myotomy was completed in 36 cases. The etiology of postmyotomy sclerosis
      (15 perioesophageal, 3 interstitial) is discussed. Severe peptic oesophagitis,
      observed in 15 cases, stresses the importance of restoring the anti-reflux
      mechanism, rather than using a thoracic approach with the risk of a myotomy too
      limited towards the stomach. Other causes of failures (atypical mega-oesophagus,
      limited peptic stenosis) are due to an erroneous interpretation of preoperative X
      rays, endoscopy and manometric data: in such cases, the original treatment should
      have been adapted to the lesion. Finally, 8 postoperative oesophageal asystolias
      and 4 cancers stress the importance of an early myotomy, correctly realized
      through an abdominal approach.

PMID- 6810606
TI  - Belgian standards for factor VIII related properties: preliminary data.

PMID- 6810607
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine and metergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic
      states.
AB  - The effects of bromocriptine or metergoline treatment were evaluated in 80
      hyperprolactinaemic patients (62 women and 18 men). The patients were subdivided
      into 4 groups: group A) 16 women with idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia; group B) 19
      women with untreated Prl-secreting microadenomas; group C) 27 women with
      unsuccessfully operated prolactinomas; group D) 18 men with unsuccessfully
      treated macroprolactinomas. Sixty-eight patients were given bromocriptine (2.5-20
      mg/day) for 3-58 months and 33 patients were given metergoline (4-16 mg/day) for
      3-19 months. Bromocriptine and metergoline were equally effective in the
      treatment of functional hyperprolactinaemia and of untreated microadenomas, while
      bromocriptine showed a more potent Prl-lowering effect than metergoline in
      patients with higher Prl levels and large prolactinomas; both drugs restored the
      gonadal function to a similar extent, though metergoline was effective in some
      cases, even in the absence of full Prl suppression. Bromocriptine seems to exert
      an antitumoral effect, as documented by CT scan in some patients with
      macroadenomas, but the precise role of both drugs with respect to dose, length of
      treatment and effectiveness after withdrawal needs to be evaluated further.

PMID- 6810608
TI  - Stimulation of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid into the testes of
      immature mice in vivo by follicle-stimulating hormone.
AB  - Groups of immature mice were injected sc with radiocarbon-labelled alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) after being given a single sc injection of hFSH or of
      0.9% saline. As an index of the transport of AIB, the specific activity of
      isotope was measured in homogenates of testis and of liver. FSH treatment caused
      statistically significant increases in the specific activity of isotope in the
      testes and in the ratio of testicular to liver specific activity. The effect was
      greatest in 9-day-old mice injected with FSH 16 h before removal of the testes.
      Uptake of labelled AIB was not stimulated after administration of hCG or
      testosterone. Doses of cycloheximide sufficient to reduce the rate of protein
      synthesis by over 99% did not impair testicular uptake of labelled AIB or the
      influence of FSH on AIB uptake. These results suggest that FSH stimulates amino
      acid transport into cells of the immature testis and that this action is
      independent of the stimulatory effect of FSH on testicular protein synthesis.

PMID- 6810609
TI  - Age-related changes in the feedback regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the
      immature and adult male rabbit.
AB  - Male rabbits were castrated at infantile (30 days), peripubertal (60 days) and
      adult (7-8 months) stages. Two different doses of testosterone were injected 10
      days after castration (5 injections at 12 h intervals). Plasma LH and FSH were
      determined by RIA 1, 5 and 10 days after castration and 1 h after the last
      injection of testosterone. The response of both gonadotrophins to castration was
      age-dependent. In 30 day old castrated males LH was not significantly modified
      and FSH had increased only 10 days after castration. In 60 day old and adult
      males FSH and LH levels were increased 24 h after castration and continued to
      rise as time progressed. For both gonadotrophins, the response of adult males to
      castration was higher than that of immature animals. At all stages studied, the
      highest dose of testosterone (250 micrograms/kg body weight) depressed post
      castration LH and FSH levels. Twenty-five micrograms of testosterone per kg body
      weight was effective to depress LH levels only in 30 day old males, suggesting a
      change in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit to te negative feedback of androgens.
      These findings suggest that there are marked changes in the hypothalamic
      pituitary unit around the beginning of the peripubertal state. These changes
      could play a determinant role in the onset of puberty.

PMID- 6810610
TI  - Circadian rhythm of mitotic activity in normal and hyperplastic rat thyroid.
AB  - This study was designed to provide a reliable quantitative assessment of the
      circadian rhythm of mitotic activity in the follicular cell population of the rat
      thyroid, and the effect on this rhythm of prolonged stimulation by a raised level
      of circulating TSH, induced by goitrogen administration. Mitotic activity in
      groups of control and goitrogen-treated rats was assessed by a stathmokinetic
      technique during four 4-h periods spaced equally through one 24-h cycle.
      Particular attention was paid to the method of sampling to eliminate systematic
      and minimise random errors, and to the assessment of rhythmicity which was
      carried out by an appropriate statistical method. A highly significant circadian
      rhythm was found in control animals with a daytime peak (12.00 to 16.00 h).
      Goitrogen treatment led to a 5- to 6-fold increase in the mean but a loss of
      detectable rhythmicity. The results show that the presence and timing of this
      circadian rhythm must be taken into account in future studied of thyroid growth,
      and they throw some light on the possible mechanisms of its control. Comparison
      of the rhythm with that of serum TSH reported previously raises the possibility
      of a dominant control by this hormone even in euthyroid animals and suggests that
      it may act on cells in the G2 and/or G1/G0 phases of the cell cycle.

PMID- 6810611
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.
AB  - Effects of dexamethasone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats were
      studied. Rats given saline (group A), 25 micrograms of dexamethasone/100 g body
      weight (group B) or 500 micrograms o dexamethasone/100 g body weight (group C)
      were serially decapitated and brain tissues and blood were obtained. TRH contents
      in the hypothalamus, plasma concentrations of TRH, TSH, T4, T3 and reverse T3
      were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. TRH contents in the hypothalamus were
      significantly increased at 3 h in group B after dexamethasone treatment. In group
      C, however, they significantly increased for 1 to 3 h, but then decreased with
      the minimum at 20 h. TRH plasma levels significantly increased with the maximum
      at 4 h in group B and at 24 h in group C. TSH plasma levels were significantly
      decreased initially and then significantly increased with the maximum at 5 h in
      group B and at 24 h in group C. TSH responsiveness to TRH was significantly
      decreased at 1 to 3 h in group B, but in group C it was significantly decreased
      initially and the significantly increased. T3 plasma levels significantly
      decreased at 1 to 3 h in group B and at 1 to 18 h in group C. Reverse T3 plasma
      levels were significantly increased with the maximum at 3 h in group B and at 6 h
      in group C. The results demonstrate that dexamethasone may act on multiple sites
      of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats and that its effect depends on
      the dose used or the time interval after dexamethasone treatment.

PMID- 6810612
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for 13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha and its
      application in normo- and anovulatory women.
AB  - Highly specific antibodies to 13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin  F2 alpha
      (PGFM) were raised in rabbits. The animals were immunized with PGFM-bovine serum
      albumin (BSA)-conjugates. Prior to the incubation procedure PGFM was extracted by
      a rapid method with dichloromethane followed by column chromatography. The
      antisera dilution was 1:10 000 amd the cross-reactivity towards prostaglandin A2,
      E2, F2 alpha, 13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin E2 and the 15-ketoprostaglandin
      E2 and F2 alpha 2 was less than 1%. The limit of detection was 1.9 +/- 0.6 pg/ml
      plasma over the standard range 1.9--250 pg. The intra- and inter-assay variations
      were 3.9 and 15%, respectively. PGFM was measured throughout the menstrual cycle
      in female volunteers. In normal ovulatory women (n = 3) plasma levels of PGFM
      varied between 65.6 to 107.1 pg/ml. No significant variations of plasma PGFM were
      seen during the cycle. In anovulatory women (n = 4) no difference of PGFM was
      found during the cycle. PGFM levels in hyperprolactinaemic but ovulating women
      tend to be higher than in anovulatory, and normoprolactinaemic subjects. These
      data strongly indicate that PGFM is not correlated with other hormonal parameters
      tested here in the normal and anovulatory cycles.

PMID- 6810613
TI  - Interrelationship between TSH- and prolactin secretion in patients with
      prolactinoma and autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - The relationship between the TSH and prolactin (Prl) responses to TRH has been
      investigated in 36 patients with prolactinoma, in 12 patients with symptomless
      autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) and in 10 patients with Graves's disease in
      remission (GD). Autoimmune thyroiditis in combination with prolactinoma was found
      in 3 patients. The TSH -response was exaggerated in 4 prolactinoma patients
      without autoimmune thyroiditis. Moreover, in the patients with prolactinoma and
      intact function of the non-tumours pituitary gland the mean TSH increment was
      higher than in the controls. In patients with SAT, on the other hand, the Prl
      response to TRH was significantly greater than that in the controls and in
      patients with GD. The significance of these findings is not obvious but they
      suggest that TRH may be involved in the development of prolactin secreting
      adenomata.

PMID- 6810614
TI  - Testosterone inhibition of LRH-induced luteinizing hormone release by cultures of
      rat anterior pituitary cells: effect of inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha reductase.
AB  - Cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells were utilized to examine the role of 5
      alpha reduction in the inhibitory action of testosterone on LRH-induced LH
      release. Cultures were pre-treated with steroids for 48 h and then incubated 6 h
      with steroids plus 5 x 10(-10) M LRH, the approximate EC50 for LH and FSH
      release. Testosterone inhibited LRH-induced LH release with an IC50 of
      approximately 2 x 10(-10) M. However, even relatively high concentrations of
      testosterone did not completely inhibit LRH-induced release. Testosterone (and
      dihydrotestosterone) appeared to antagonize LRH-induced LH release but did not
      markedly affect 48 h basal release or LH synthesis as judged by the quantity of
      LH released plus that remaining intracellularly. Progesterone (10(-6) M) and
      heparin (1000 U/ml) were used as inhibitors of anterior pituitary steroid 4 alpha
      reductase. Progesterone, when combined with testosterone, markedly shifted the
      testosterone inhibition curve to the right (approximately 340-fold) but did not
      shift the dihydrotestosterone inhibition curve. Heparin also slightly shifted the
      testosterone inhibition curve (approximately 2.4-fold) to the right. These
      observations support the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of testosterone
      on the anterior pituitary involves 5 alpha reduction.

PMID- 6810615
TI  - Responses to TRH, T3 suppression tests and histological findings by needle biopsy
      in patients with simple goitre in Japan.
AB  - Studies were performed in 120 patients with simple goitre, defined as relatively
      soft diffuse goitre. All were clinically and biochemically euthyroid and their
      antithyroid antibodies were negative. The TRH test was performed in 99 after the
      TRH test, while satisfactory biopsies of the thyroid were obtained in 37. The
      results showed that 28 of the 115 cases (24%) had an abnormal response to TRH; 8
      (7%) were hyporesponders and 20 (17%) were hyperresponders. The T3 suppression
      test showed that 3 of 99 cases (3%) were non-suppressible. As determined by
      histological examination of the needle biopsy specimen, 17 of the 37 cases (46%)
      had normal follicles without lymphocytic infiltration, 10 (27%) had diffuse
      chronic thyroiditis, 5 (14%) had focal thyroiditis and 4 (11%) had diffuse
      epithelial hyperplastic change, and 1 (3%) had an adenomatous goitre. It is
      suggested that simple goitre defined as above includes various thyroid diseases
      and that the results of TRH tests, antithyroid antibody estimations and
      histological findings do not correlate in many patients.

PMID- 6810616
TI  - Evaluation of Prl secretion in elderly subjects.
AB  - Prl secretion was evaluated in 76 elderly patients (71-86z years) without
      endocrine disorders (38 men and 38 women) in basal conditions, after TRH,
      sulpiride and levodopa administration and during a 24 h period. An impaired Prl
      response to the administered drugs was found in the elderly women but not in the
      men. On the contrary, normal sleep-related serum Prl changes were found in the
      majority of the subjects studied. These results suggest that the pituitary gland
      can maintain a good Prl secretory pattern in the elderly.

PMID- 6810617
TI  - Effect of anorexia nervosa on gonadotrophin secretion in a patient with gonadal
      dysgenesis.
AB  - The 11th documented concurrence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and XO-gonadal
      dysgenesis (GD) is reported. This is the first endocrine study of such a disease
      combination. The patient, a 15-year-old girl, has been followed since early
      childhood and comprehensive endocrinological investigation were performed before,
      during and after the episode of AN. The dynamic changes in the thyroid and
      pituitary hormones were in concordance with those already observed by us as well
      as by others in patients with AN. The most remarkable observations concerned the
      gonadotrophin secretion: during the anorectic episode basal levels and peak
      responses to LRH and both LH and FSH were seen to decrease from the
      hypergonadotrophic range to the normal prepubertal range whereas after recovery
      from AN and regain of weight these rose back to castration levels. AN would seem
      to be the only condition yet known able to abolish temporarily the
      hypergonadotrophic state of GD, a fact favouring the hypothesis that AN is
      associated with a reversible hypothalamic dysfunction. It is assumed that this
      disturbance is due to nutritional as well as to psychological factors. The
      significance of the coexistence of AN and GD is discussed and it is suggested
      that psychological factors in GD may be implicated in this association.

PMID- 6810618
TI  - Use of a single TSH-measurement after oral thyrotrophin releasing hormone: an
      economical and highly sensitive thyroid screening test.
AB  - The increment of serum TSH after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) is usually
      considered an extremely sensitive thyroid test, particularly useful in borderline
      disturbances. We evaluated 195 patients by measuring serum TSH before and 3 h
      after 40 mg TRH po, and by various other thyroid tests. We found a very tight
      correlation between the TSH- increment and the 3 h TSH. Thus the TSH-increment
      can reliably be estimated from the 3 h TSH. The mann-Whitney test confirmed that
      the 3 h TSH identified thyroid dysfunction as well as the TSH-increment. The
      basal TSH can therefore be omitted and we propose the measurement of the 3 h TSH
      as an initial screening test. This single measurement economically excludes the
      many euthyroid patients sent for thyroid evaluation from further costly tests.

PMID- 6810619
TI  - Immunological and clinical characterization of patients with untreated euthyroid
      and hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Antibody spectrum, response to TRH and
      clinical study.
AB  - In a region of endemic goitres, 200 untreated patients in whom thyroid microsomal
      (MCHA) and/or thyroglobulin (TGHA) antibodies have been detected were analyzed
      and other organ specific autoantibodies were tested. Thyroid function was
      assessed by a TRH test in all of them. Patients with previous thyroid disease and
      patients with clinical or biochemical signs of thyrotoxicosis were excluded. In
      58 (29%) of the patients diseases coexisted in which a high incidence of
      autoimmune reactions has been recognized. In the absence of the corresponding
      clinical disease, 13.7% of the patients had antibodies to parietal cells of the
      stomach, 3.1% had antibodies to adrenal cortex, 1% to steroid producing gonadal
      cells, 1% to pancreatic islet cells, and 0.5% of the patients had antibodies to
      striated muscle fibrils. The incidence of associated organ-specific
      autoantibodies was no higher in patients with hypothyroidism (34.6%) compared
      with patients who had a normal thyroid function (27.9%). The determination of a
      'significant' thyroid antibody titre is discussed. In 24.5% of the 200 patients a
      form of hypothyroidism was recognized. Fifty of the patients with TGHA titres
      greater than or equal to 6400, and 56.2% of those with MCHA greater than or equal
      to 102 400 were hypothyroid. Patients with such titres of thyroid antibodies
      should be examined and followed up. Patients with associated islet cell or
      adrenal antibodies should be reinvestigated and followed up observing their
      glucose tolerance and adrenocortical function, respectively.

PMID- 6810620
TI  - Triiodothyronine and thyroxine treatment of diffuse non-toxic goitre evaluated by
      ultrasonic scanning.

PMID- 6810621
TI  - Hematological prospect in 1981, particularly in the field of coagulation and
      fibrinolysis.

PMID- 6810622
TI  - Parallel tubular structures in T,B and null lymphocyte subpopulations.
AB  - T, B and Null lymphocyte-enriched subpopulations were isolated by means of sheep
      red blood cell (E SRBC) sedimentation and nylon wool adherence. In these subsets
      the proportion of Fc receptor-bearing cells was determined by the antibody-coated
      human and ox erythrocyte rosette assays (EA Hu and Ox). In the T-cell fraction
      the proportion of Fc-bearing lymphocytes was dependent on the procedure by which
      the sheep erythrocytes were removed from the E SRBC rosette-forming cells.
      Mechanical vibration resulted in considerably higher percentages of EA rosette
      forming cells (EA-RFC) than osmotic shock or lysis with ammonium chloride. In all
      three procedures the number of EA Hu-RFC was slightly higher than the number of
      EA Ox-RFC. In the B-cell fraction the proportion of EA Ox-RFC was higher than
      that of EA Hu-RFC, mean values 43 and 33%, respectively. In the Null cell
      fraction the reversed was seen: mean values 54% EA Hu-RFC and 45% EA Ox-RFC. In
      all three lymphocyte fractions the majority of the EA-RFC contained parallel
      tubular structures and/or associated amorphous granules. Non-Fc receptor-bearing
      lymphocytes only occasionally showed parallel tubular structures or the amorphous
      granules.

PMID- 6810623
TI  - Haematological aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus: a reappraisal using
      automated methods.
AB  - Twenty-two haematological parameters were measured in 30 patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) at 110 patient attendances. Using a 10,000 cells per
      sample automated differential counter, the major abnormalities demonstrated were:
      lymphopenia, monocytopenia, eosinophilopenia (each of which showed strong
      correlation with steroid therapy) and increased numbers of cells of high
      peroxidase activity. Despite the common lymphocytopenia elevation of large
      unstained cells was noted in 20% of patients. However, no patient with severe
      disease had a lymphocyte count above 1.9 X 10(9)/l or a haemoglobin above 11.7
      g/dl.

PMID- 6810624
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in chronic myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - 14 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were evaluated immunologically; no
      difference was found in mean lymphocyte percentage and absolute number between
      patients and healthy subjects. 4 cases (28.5%) showed decreased percentage of T
      lymphocytes, while only 2 cases (14.2%) had decreased absolute T lymphocyte
      values. PHA transformation was decreased in 57% of the patients. Spontaneous
      transformation in the short-term cultures exceeded the normal range in 65% of the
      cases. All patients skin tested were found to be reactive. Most of the patients
      had defective cellular immune response in vitro, probably related with a
      qualitative defect in T lymphocyte subpopulations. It cannot be completely
      excluded that part of the observed lymphocyte depression was due to the busulfan.

PMID- 6810625
TI  - Immunochemical studies of high and low molecular forms of urokinase.
AB  - The immunochemical properties of high and low molecular forms of urokinase (HMW
      UK, MW 53,000, 124,000 IU/mg protein; LMW-UK, MW 32,000, 230,000 IU/mg protein)
      were studied with specific antisera against the functionally active heavy chain
      (H chain, MW 31,000, 201,000 IU/mg protein) and the light chain (L chain, MW
      18,000) of HMW-UK. Using a double immunodiffusion technique, LMW-UK did not
      demonstrate L chain antigenicity in the molecule. Anti-L-chain serum exerted no
      effect on LMW-UK and the H chain, but anti-H-chain serum strongly inhibited the
      fibrinolytic activity of all the active enzymes (HMW-UK, LMW-UK, and H chain).
      Anti-L chain serum was found to exert an antifibrinolytic effect on HMW-UK.

PMID- 6810626
TI  - Characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes in hereditary xerocytosis and
      spherocytosis.
AB  - Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from patients with congenital hemolytic
      anemia, hereditary xerocytosis and spherocytosis, demonstrated in vivo engulfment
      of red cell and platelet fragments. In addition, morphometric studies performed
      on these monocytes showed an increase in cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio as well as
      lysosome and phagosome volumes. The production of carbon dioxide from glucose-1
      14C in abnormal monocytes was increased (15-80%) but the intracellular values of
      beta-glucuronidase and esterase activity were similar to control monocytes.
      Monocyte locomotion assessed in the presence of chemotactic stimuli was found
      significantly increased (73 +/- 12 monocytes/oil immersion fields vs. 46 +/- 5
      for control monocytes). We concluded that the monocytes in hemolytic anemias
      associated with increased in vitro red cell fragmentation have some features
      resembling the 'stimulated' monocytes and that this alteration may be due to red
      blood cell fragment ingestion.

PMID- 6810627
TI  - Effect of Plasmodium vivax infection on leucocyte count in chronic leukaemia
      patients.

PMID- 6810628
TI  - Acute erythroblastic leukemia terminating a very long-lasting (27 years)
      Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6810629
TI  - Zinc deficiency-induced trace element concentration and localization changes in
      the central nervous system of albino rat during postnatal development. II. Atomic
      absorption spectrophotometric examinations.
AB  - The changes in the zinc and copper concentrations in the central nervous system
      (spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrum, hippocampus, corpus striatum) of albino rat
      were studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a state of zinc deficiency
      induced experimentally during the first 30 days of postnatal ontogenesis. It was
      found that in these structures the zinc deficiency is able to influence the
      changes and tendencies in the trace element content essentially only in an area
      undergoing intensive development in the given period, or which is sensitive to
      unsatisfactory dietary influences. The results lead to the assumption that the
      state of zinc deficiency is accompanied by a change in the distribution of the
      trace element content within the cells.

PMID- 6810630
TI  - The synthesis and transport of fucosylated glycans in the immature mouse
      cerebellum. An autoradiographic and microchemical study of differentiating cell
      and tissue compartments.
AB  - A study of 3H-fucose incorporation in the immature mouse parenchyma revealed that
      the rate of synthesis of fucosylated glycans in the neuropil of more
      differentiated internal granular layer, as well as in the PURKINJE cell bodies is
      higher than in the less mature external granular layer. The 3H-fucose
      incorporation into the choroid plexus, meninges, and blood vessel walls exceeds
      highly incorporation into the cerebellar parenchyma. A follow-up autoradiographic
      study revealed remarkable differences in the radioactivity of incorporated 3H
      fucose in the "cell-body rich" and "cell-fibre rich" layers indicating transport
      of newly synthesized glycans from the perikarya of differentiating cells into
      their processes extending mainly into the molecular layer and the cerebellar
      medulla. It is assumed that the increased rate of 3H-fucose incorporation reflect
      1. increasing complexity of the fucosylated glycans of differentiating cells 2.
      increase in the turnover of cell membrane components, 3. accelerated export of
      glycosylated compounds into the outgrowing fibres of differentiating cerebellar
      cells.

PMID- 6810631
TI  - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of the complement component C 4 in bile
      thrombi and liver cells in pseudoglandular transformation of hepatocytes
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper describes the immunohistochemical demonstration of complement component
      C 4 in a case of pseudoglandular transformation of liver cells caused probably by
      viral hepatitis. C 4 could be found first of all in the lumen of dilated bile
      canaliculi (in position with "bile thrombi"), further in the cytoplasm of
      hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, on their plasma membranes, in the sinusoids, and
      in necrosis. Probably, these observations indicate a disturbance of the synthesis
      and catabolic mechanisms of complement and/or of immune complexes. The findings
      so far support the hypothesis that the pseudoglandular transformation of liver
      cells is the vain attempt of the liver to eliminate or sequestrate of own or
      foreign material, e.g. immune complexes.

PMID- 6810632
TI  - Quantitative estimation of non-lamellar structures in membranes. A 31P-nmr and
      electron microscopical study of the influence of linolic acid on the erythrocyte
      membrane.
AB  - The influence of linolic acid on the phase behaviour of erythrocyte membranes has
      been studied using the 31P-nmr spectroscopy and freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy. For untreated membranes a lamellar arrangement is found in the nmr
      spectra as well as in electron micrographs. Incubation of erythrocytes with
      vesicles from linolic acid yields dramatic changes in membrane structure. Besides
      the lamellar structure there are non-lamellar phases of phospholipids. The
      percentage of lipids arranged in these structures can be estimated from the nmr
      spectra by computer simulation. A combination of freeze-fracture and nmr
      experiments indicates that hexagonal and micellar structures are involved in the
      non-lamellar phase.

PMID- 6810633
TI  - Simultaneous histochemical demonstration of noradrenergic nerves and tissue
      components in guinea-pig renal pelvis after treatment with daunomycin.
AB  - A standard histochemical technique for detecting catecholamines has been applied
      to tissues from the renal pelvis of untreated and daunomycin-pretreated guinea
      pigs. Under the fluorescence microscope, muscular, mucosal, and endothelial cells
      exhibited the drug-specific orange-red fluorescence, in contrast to the dark
      background of control tissues. The presence of daunomycin in the cells also
      greatly improved the visibility of numerous noradrenergic fibres which appeared
      to originate from perivascular plexuses and distribute to the smooth cells. A
      dense noradrenergic innervation was detected in the submucosa, but the epithelium
      did not contain any yellow-green fluorescent fibres. A typical arrangement was
      observed consisting of muscular, nervous and vascular components, enveloped by
      connective tissue: this formation appeared to be related to the system modulating
      the pacemaker activity of the renal pelvis.

PMID- 6810634
TI  - [Nonenzymatic models of histochemical tetrazolium reduction (author's transl)].
AB  - 4 nonenzymatic biochemical systems (NADH-mediator-tetrazolium; NADH-riboflavin
      tetrazolium; methionine-riboflavin-tetrazolium; potassium superoxide (KO2)
      tetrazolium) were tested as models for histochemical tetrazolium reduction. A
      NADH-PMS-tetrazolium system was proved to be most suitable. The reaction rates of
      some histochemically used tetrazolium salts, the stimulation of the reaction
      rates by the detergents Tween, Triton X-100, and N-Cetylpyridinium chloride and
      the effectiveness of some histologic dyes (oxazines, phenazines, thiazines) as
      mediators were determined as examples of application. The reported results are
      discussed in relation to the role of detergents and oxygen in the mechanism of
      tetrazolium reduction.

PMID- 6810635
TI  - Histochemical and biochemical demonstration of the molecular forms of
      acetylcholinesterase in peripheral nerve of rat.
AB  - The molecular forms of AChE and their ultrastructural localization in the sciatic
      nerve and spinal ganglion were studied biochemically and histochemically. Our
      results suggest that the histochemical end-products due to the AChE activity are
      present in the cisternae of the RER of the perikaryon (4S,C form). The 6S,C and
      10S,B' forms can be found in tubules and in vesicles inside the axon, while the
      10S,B form may be present bound on the outer surface of the axolemma. The 16S,A
      form is localized in some intraaxonal cell organelles during transport. From the
      results presented it is inferred that the AChE from the perikaryon is transported
      both free in the cytoplasm and sequestered in a soluble form inside the tubules
      and vesicles, where a part of it is converted to the 10S,B' and 16S forms. When
      the AChE-active tubules are joined to the surface membranes, the 10S,B' form may
      be "extruded" (secreted) and bound to the outer surface of the unit membrane
      (10S,B form). Since both the 10S,B' and 16S forms are present in the tubules and
      vesicles, the regulatory process involved in the distribution of the 10S,B' AChE
      to the axon surface and of the 16S,A form to the axon terminal must be further
      examined.

PMID- 6810636
TI  - [Histochemical and biochemical investigations of the hippocampus and neocortex of
      the wistar rat. III. Electron-microscopic investigations on the localization of
      non-specific esterases in the hippocampus (author's transl)].
AB  - This report describes the ultrastructural localization of the non-specific
      esterases in the pyramidal cells of the CA3-region of rat hippocampus. The use of
      specific inhibitors allowed the differentiation between aryl-, carboxyl- and
      acetylesterases. The thiolacetic acid reaction at pH = 5.2 and 7.0 proved to be a
      favourable method for the conditions of the hippocampus. Liver tissue served for
      control purposes. In the pyramidal cells carboxylesterase could be demonstrated
      on membranes and cisternes of the endoplasmic reticulum on polysomes and in the
      nuclear envelope. Arylesterase was localized in numerous synaptic vesicles and in
      the myeline sheath of axons. In lysosomes and in mitochondria an esterase
      activity was demonstrable, which behaved like an acetylesterase. In the
      hippocampus carboxylesterase could be shown only at pH = 7.0, whereas in liver
      this enzyme also give a clear reaction at pH = 5.2. Aryl- and acetylesterase
      reacted at both pH-ranges in the hippocampus. Biochemical investigations showed
      that the tissue pretreatment, which is necessary for the ultrahistochemical
      demonstration of nonspecific esterases considerable decreased the enzyme
      activity. Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde have thereby a different action on the
      several esterase types.

PMID- 6810637
TI  - Carbohydrates in the epithelium lining the seminal vesicle of the rat as studied
      by histochemical methods of light and electron microscopy.
AB  - In the epithelium lining the seminal vesicle of the rat, carbohydrates have been
      studied by means of histochemical methods of light and electron microscopy. In
      light microscopy, the free surface and granules of different sizes in the distal
      cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and lumenal masses of secretions were shown to
      exhibit positive reactions for carbohydrates with 1,2-glycol and acidic groups
      and sialic acid residues. In electron microscopy, the surface coat of the plasma
      membrane, certain elements of the Golgi complexes, dense cores of secretory
      granules and glycogen particles in the epithelial cells were found to exhibit
      positive reactions for carbohydrates with 1,2-glycol groupings. The correlated
      structures and functions of the carbohydrate-containing components have been
      discussed in the light of the known physiology of the seminal vesicle in the rat.

PMID- 6810638
TI  - [The altered membrane of the erythrocyte. I. Ultrahistochemical and biocellular
      investigations for the detection of activated acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and
      demasking of IgG receptor sites (author's transl)].
AB  - Different states of the erythrocyte membrane with regard to its disintegration
      are characterized. The binding power of autologous and allogenic IgG, the degree
      of the activation of the membrane associated acetylcholinesterase (inhibited in
      the intact plasmalemma of red blood cells), and the membrane vesiculation served
      as criteria. The findings demonstrate that, obviously, the IgG binding increases
      in dependence on the extent of the disturbance of the membrane structure. The
      acetylcholinesterase is increasingly activated. The enzyme can be demonstrated by
      spectrophotometrical and ultrahistochemical methods. Microvesiculation is
      understood as expression of fundamental disturbances of the membrane structure.
      These disturbances express local remodelling processes in the membrane of banked
      red blood cells. Highly extended damage of red blood cells after mechanical
      stress, heat or urea incubation lead to comparatively high rates of vesiculation,
      partially even to cell fragmentation. Extremely spectrindeficient ghosts tend to
      microvesiculation, which leads to complete microvesicular decay of the ghost
      membrane. The membrane associated autologous IgG is demonstrated by means of
      immuneological and ultrahistochemical methods. Its importance as homeostatically
      effective immun-signal for the elimination of red blood cells aged in vivo or in
      vitro, ghosts and microvesicles by the reticulohistiocytic-system is evidenced by
      means of model experiments. Molecular mechanisms for unmasking of IgG-receptor
      sites and activation of acetylcholineesterase in the altered erythrocyte membrane
      are discussed.

PMID- 6810639
TI  - C-peptide immunoreactive neurons in human brain.
AB  - C-peptide/C-peptide-like immunoreactivity was shown to be present in the
      cytoplasm of the soma and the proximal part of apical dendrites of some pyramidal
      cells in the Neocortex (Gyrus precentralis) and Hippocampus of man. C-peptide
      (connecting peptide) is a metabolic product in insulin biosynthesis and its
      localization in neurons is a proof for extrapancreatic insulin production.

PMID- 6810640
TI  - Hypotensive agents and techniques.

PMID- 6810641
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in normocapnia and hypercapnia:
      modulating influence of paravertebral sympathetic blockade at the low thoracic
      level.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to explore whether the systemic
      consequences of sympathoadrenal activation influence the cerebral circulatory and
      metabolic effects of hypercapnia in the rat. To that end, a bilateral blockade of
      the sympathetic chain was performed at the low thoracic level by paravertebral
      injection of local anaesthetic. The injection was followed by a reduction in
      blood pressure and, in comparison to animals injected with local anaesthetic
      intramuscularly, those with paravertebral blockade showed lower blood and tissue
      concentrations of glucose and lactate. Overall ("cortical") CBF and CMRO2 were
      measured with a 133xenon modification of the Kety-Schmidt technique, and local
      CBF was estimated autoradiographically with 14C-iodoantipyrine as the diffusible
      tracer. Paravertebral blockade failed to modify the circulatory response to
      hypercapnia, nor did it prevent the increase in CMRO2d previously noted in this
      preparation. In animals maintained ventilated on 70% N2O, paravertebral blockade
      reduced overall CBF by 30% and local CBF by 30-40%, with a suggested but
      statistically nonsignificant reduction in CMRO2. In unparalysed, awake animals
      the blockade failed to affect local CBF. It is concluded, therefore, that
      blockade of the sympathetic chain causes a reduction of CBF only in the stressful
      conditions prevailing in paralysed and ventilated animals.

PMID- 6810642
TI  - Postoperative analgesics for superficial surgery. Comparison of four analgesics.
AB  - The efficacy of mild analgesics after 160 various superficial operations was
      studied by comparing intravenous lysine-acetylsalicylate (LAS) 1.8 g, Litalgin 4
      ml (metamizole = dipyrone 2.0 g+ pitophenone 8.0 mg) or paracetamol 0.5 g to
      oxycodone 4 mg. At 15 min postdrug, oxycodone 4 mg had the best peak effect but
      this significant (P less than 0.05) difference to mild analgesics disappeared at
      30 min, and thereafter all test analgesics showed an equally low effect. Two
      thirds of the patients anaesthetized without peroperative analgesics needed pain
      relief when recovering from superficial surgery. The need for pain relief was
      lowest after varicose vein operations 40% of the patients as compared to about
      70% after other types of superficial surgery. In 42% of the patients requiring
      pain relief, the test analgesics alone gave sufficient pain relief. The rest
      needed an additional 5 mg of oxycodone, on average, to be comfortable. The
      combined use of mild analgesics and oxycodone for adequate pain relief did not
      seem to reduce the postdrug sedation as compared to oxycodone alone. The results
      indicate that in traditional clinical dosages LAS, dipyrone or paracetamol can
      substitute about 5 mg oxycodone but offer sufficient analgesia only in about 40%
      of the patients recovering from superficial surgery.

PMID- 6810643
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake in endotoxic shock. An experimental study
      in dogs.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen uptake (CMRO2) and central
      haemodynamics in anaesthetized dogs with controlled ventilation were studied at
      intervals for 2 h following an intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin, 1.0
      1.5 mg/kg. CBF showed a 30% decrease within 15 min after the endotoxin
      administration, while the arterial blood pressure was still not markedly
      depressed. Autoregulation to arterial blood pressure changes was maintained
      during endotoxinaemia and the cerebrovascular reaction to changes in arterial
      carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) depressed. Normocapnic animals (PaCO2) greater
      than or equal to 4.0 kPa) showed an increase in CMRO2 of over 40%, that was
      obvious 1 h after the administration of endotoxin. The intracranial pressure was
      decreased with 5 min of the administration of endotoxin irrespective of the
      prevailing arterial blood pressure. Thereafter, it was raised above the control
      level. Two hours after endotoxin increased protein concentrations in
      cerebrospinal fluid were seen, results compatible with blood-brain barrier damage
      and penetration of other substances; e.g. monoamines released during
      endotoxinaemia could thus be expected to have a direct influence on both cerebral
      blood flow and metabolism.

PMID- 6810644
TI  - Early effects of E. coli endotoxin on superior sagittal sinus blood flow. An
      experimental study in dogs.
AB  - In an earlier study in dogs we found a reduced cerebral blood flow measured
      intermittently during the first hours after an intravenous injection of E. coli
      endotoxin. Within 5 min after the endotoxin injection, a temporarily reduced
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure was seen irrespective of changes in arterial blood
      pressure. One possible explanation for this could be an early reduction of the
      blood flow in the brain. To test this hypothesis, the initial flow reaction was
      evaluated by measurement of the blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus using
      an electromagnetic probe around the intact sinus. In five animals following E.
      coli endotoxin 1.0-1.5 mg/kg intravenously, the superior sagittal sinus blood
      flow decreased within 2 min, followed by increasing flows within 15 min and
      thereafter continuously decreasing values up to 60 min, thus giving a two-phase
      vascular reaction. In all animals there was a marked initial increase in
      cerebrovascular resistance and the fall in blood flow was thus not a mere
      consequence of blood pressure changes. In three other animals pretreated with
      methysergide, a serotonin antagonist, no increase in cerebrovascular resistance
      was seen during the initial phase. Later, the reaction was similar in all eight
      animals.

PMID- 6810645
TI  - The role of halothane and fentanyl in the production of balanced anaesthesia.
AB  - The aim of the study was to quantitate the degree of respiratory depression when
      tolerance of superficial nociception and of an endotracheal tube was achieved by
      supplementing N2O + O2 anaesthesia either with halothane alone or with halothane
      in combination with fentanyl. Eighty-four patients, matched into seven groups,
      were studied after induction of anaesthesia with thiopental (4 mg/kg) and
      suxamethonium (3 mg/kg) using the following supplementation: 0.8, 0.6, 0.4%
      halothane alone or 0.4, 0.2, 0% halothane with 0.5-2 micrograms/kg fentanyl.
      After 10 min administration of the anaesthetic mixture using manual intermittent
      positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) (end-tidal CO2 c. 5.5%), IPPV was
      discontinued and spontaneous respiration allowed to return. When the end-tidal
      CO2 had stabilized, samples for blood gas analysis were taken and superficial
      antinociception was tested by pinching an inguinal skin fold. Supplementation of
      an N2O + O2 mixture with 0.8% halothane without fentanyl or with 0.4% halothane
      with 0.5 microgram/kg fentanyl seemed to come closest to the optimum in producing
      tolerance of an endotracheal tube and of superficial nociception (in about 85% of
      cases with an increase in PCO2 to only 7 kPa.

PMID- 6810646
TI  - Blood-gas measurements: their effect on the evolution of anesthetic practice.

PMID- 6810648
TI  - Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations on sodium valproate - a 5-year follow
      up study in 100 children with epilepsy.
AB  - Results of clinical and pharmacokinetic observations on sodium valproate (VPA)
      are reported from a long-term study in 100 children with epilepsy. VPA is the
      drug of choice in patients with absences. VPA may preferably be chosen as the
      first drug in patients with atonic seizures partly because all treatment of these
      seizures is uncertain, and the effect of VPA may be striking, without side
      effects. When starting with VPA the great problem of drug interactions is
      avoided. Treating patients with intractable epilepsy has shown that VPA may be
      effective in all seizure types regardless of the EEG-findings. However,
      generalized paroxysms of spike and wave complexes in the EEG are a good
      prognostic sign especially when fairly regular. Side effects are few when using
      enteric coated tablets, but toxic effects may be serious. Control schemes of
      blood and liver functions are necessary. Drug fasting serum level monitoring is
      mandatory, especially when VPA is given in combination with other anti-epileptic
      drugs as interactions with these are pronounced. Optimal clinical effect is
      usually seen on serum levels between 300 and 600 microgram mol/l, which may be
      obtained by giving 10-20 mg/kg daily assuming that the patient is receiving VPA
      monotherapy, which should always be aimed at. Comedication may have to be
      withdrawn to obtain therapeutic serum levels of VPA due to drug interactions.

PMID- 6810647
TI  - Dynamic and chronobiological changes of endocrine indices in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6810650
TI  - Ascending pyelonephritis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice.
AB  - Elastase- and protease- producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced
      ascending pyelonephritis in mice by intracystic challenge. The pelvis was the
      site of primary foci development and necrotic, purulent lesions spread from the
      pelvis to the perihilar area and to the cortex. Severe necrosis was a
      characteristic of the present infection and caused systemic infection and host
      death without the development of chronic lesions. In animals challenged with
      inocula great enough to destroy the cystic mucosa, immediate hematogenous
      systemic infection without cellular responses led to host death.

PMID- 6810649
TI  - Low dose rhesus immunoprophylaxis after early induced abortions.
AB  - A dose of 50 microgram anti-D immunoglobulin was administered as rhesus
      immunoprophylaxis following induced abortion performed by suction curettage
      before the thirteenth week of pregnancy in 463 consecutive patients. A feto
      maternal blood loss of less than 2 ml was detected in 44 women (12%). After 6
      months, a follow-up of 381 patients (82%) established that none of these patients
      was rhesus immunized with in vitro demonstrable antibodies. It is concluded that
      the low dose of anti-D administered is to be recommended for rhesus
      immunoprophylaxis after first trimester abortion.

PMID- 6810651
TI  - No effect of low-dose 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment on the renal
      function deterioration rate in long-term uraemic rabbits.
AB  - The development of renal function during 18 weeks of oral treatment with 1 alpha
      hydroxycholecalciferol was investigated in rabbits with surgically induced
      chronic renal failure. Renal function was evaluated by the serum creatinine
      concentration and the 51Cr-EDTA clearance measured by the single injection
      technique. Three groups of uraemic rabbits on three different diets with high,
      medium and low content of calcium and phosphate were studied. The treatment with
      0.02 microgram/kg/day of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol did not induce
      statistically significant changes in the serum concentrations of calcium or
      phosphate. Compared to placebo 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol did not increase
      the deterioration rate of renal function in any of the three groups.

PMID- 6810652
TI  - Behavioral changes along escape learning in toads.
AB  - Current learning theories consider escape learning as a variation in response
      dominance into a "habit family". These responses would integrate a repertory of
      "species-specific reactions" which is displayed when an aggressive or sudden
      stimulus is presented. We have found that toads (Bufo arenarum Hensel) show a
      clear correlation between escape learning performance and different rates of
      responses. Burrowing responses diminished, and orientation responses towards the
      door increased along trials, concomitantly with correct responses acquisition.

PMID- 6810653
TI  - Abrupt lithium discontinuation in manic-depressive patients.
AB  - Prophylactic lithium was abruptly discontinued (under double-blind conditions and
      using placebo) in 18 manic-depressive patients for 15 days. Following lithium
      withdrawal tremor of hands, polyuria, general muscular weakness, polydipsia and
      dryness of mouth were significantly reduced. No withdrawal symptoms were noted.
      Three patients relapsed within 4 days of lithium discontinuation. The questions
      arising from these findings are discussed and the possibility of a rebound
      phenomenon produced by lithium is considered.

PMID- 6810654
TI  - A ward in a house: accommodation for "new' long-stay patients.
AB  - A proportion of psychiatric patients still remain in hospital for more than a
      year who would not be acceptable in community accommodation because of their
      severe handicaps. This group has been caLled the "new' long-stay. Studies have
      suggested that this group could be accommodated in high dependency hostels set up
      in association with a hospital. The first of these hostels was set up at the
      Maudsley Hospital in 1977. The study reported here was designed to test its
      effectiveness in the first 4 years of its operation. It was found that this type
      of accommodation was suitable for a substantial proportion of the "new' long-stay
      and that it contributed to the alleviation of some of their problem behaviours.
      It is suggested that further hostels should be set up so that comparisons with
      other models can be made.

PMID- 6810655
TI  - The effect of long-term cimetidine treatment on PRL and TSH response capacity to
      TRH in male patients with duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The effect of long-term cimetidine treatment for 6 months on basal and
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated prolactin (PRL) and thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion was studied in eight male patients with
      duodenal ulcer. They received 1,000 mg cimetidine orally per day until ulcer
      healing and thereafter 400 mg daily for the remaining period. TRH perturbation
      tests were performed before and after the 6 months of treatment. A significant
      reduction in the pituitary TSH response capacity was found. No significant
      changes in basal and TRH-stimulated PRL, basal TSH, thyroxine and
      triiodothyronine were found. It is uncertain if the reduction in pituitary TSH
      response capacity has any clinical implications in euthyroid patients.

PMID- 6810656
TI  - Serum amyloid P-component and C-reactive protein in serum of healthy Icelanders
      and members of an Icelandic family with macroglobulinaemia.
AB  - Serum levels of amyloid P-component (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were
      determined in 260 asymptomatic Icelanders of both sexes and various age groups
      and in 60 members of a family with macroglobulinaemia. In the normal group the
      SAP levels were normally distributed but slightly higher than in a comparable
      British group. Elevated levels of SAP and CRP were found in four elderly sibs of
      the macroglobulinaemia family. Two of them had benign monoclonal
      macroglobulinaemia (BMM), one had Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and one
      increased polyclonal IgA. In addition, a notable small increase (2-20
      micrograms/ml) in the levels of CRP was found in 6 children and 3 grandchildren
      of two elderly sibs with BMM. This increase in serum CRP levels was also found in
      five of six family members when investigated four years later. The HLA haplotypes
      present in the family members, including B7, are not closely associated with the
      various abnormal protein changes detected in the elderly sibs of the second
      generation or their descendents. Likewise, the increased levels of SAP, CRP or
      IgM are not associated with any particularly type of the genetic protein markers
      of blood group systems tested.

PMID- 6810657
TI  - The oral TRH stimulation test. A new diagnostic tool in "non-toxic" multinodular
      goitre.
AB  - We have developed a 28-hour TRH stimulation test based on the FT3I response to
      repeated oral TRH stimulation. The normal FT3I response in 15 controls was
      greater than or equal to 40 arb.U. Twenty-five euthyroid patients with
      multinodular goitre were studied. Fourteen had normal FT3I responses and normal
      basal levels of serum T4, FT4I, serum T3 and FT3I. Eleven patients had FT3I
      responses below 20 arb.U. Although the patients' individual basal values of serum
      T4, FT4I,  serum T3 and FT3I were within the normal range, the median values of
      FT4I, serum T3  and FT3I were significantly elevated compared to the controls,
      suggesting that these patients were in a "pretoxic" condition. This assumption
      seems to be supported by the fact that 3 of these patients subsequently became
      frankly hyperthyroid, whereas all patients with normal FT3I response remained
      euthyroid. A comparison between the TSH response to i.v. TRH and the FT3I
      response to oral TRH showed concordance in 21 of the 25 patients studied.

PMID- 6810658
TI  - Hypoxic cell specific chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - Cellular subpopulations of solid tumors can be divided into compartments based
      upon their degree of oxygenation and their rate of proliferation. Based upon
      these considerations, combinations of drugs and other therapeutic modalities can
      be devised with the potential to eradicate the physiologically heterogeneous
      populations of tumor stem cells present in solid neoplasms. Selection of
      combinations of drugs or other treatment modalities based upon these concepts
      makes the inclusion of an agent or agents with the capacity to eliminate hypoxic
      stem cells mandatory to achieve cure. The bioreductive alkylating agent,
      mitomycin C, would appear to be the most efficacious agent presently available
      for this purpose, and it is proposed that this antibiotic be considered as an
      addition to therapeutic regimens designed for the treatment of solid tumors. To
      employ this agent in a manner that minimizes its toxicity to normal cellular
      elements, it is necessary to consider that the mechanism by which mitomycin C
      exerts its cytotoxicity to oxygenated cells is different from that by which it
      kills hypoxic cells. Mitomycin C can undergo 1-electron reduction in the presence
      of oxygen (46, 47). Subsequent reoxidation of the antibiotic by molecular oxygen
      can lead to the generation of superoxide radical and other toxic oxygen
      containing species, such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Such cyclic
      reduction and oxidation of mitomycin C by oxygenated cells may result in the
      generation of levels of toxic oxygen species that surpass the detoxification
      capacity of cellular scavenging systems, and thereby may be responsible for the
      toxicity of this antibiotic to aerated cells in tumors and normal tissues,
      whereas the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C to hypoxic cells may involve the 2
      electron reduction and generation of the reactive quinone methide species shown
      in Figure 3. These considerations dictate that to maximize the differential
      toxicity of an agent such as mitomycin C to hypoxic cells requires that it be
      given in relatively low doses, perhaps by constant infusion to maximize its
      potential for diffusion into neoplastic masses to reach hypoxic stem cells.

PMID- 6810659
TI  - Tight-binding complexes of thymidylate synthetase, folate analogs and
      deoxyribonucleotides.
AB  - Tightly-bound ternary complexes are formed when dTMP synthetase is incubated with
      deoxyribonucleotides such as FdUMP, dUMP, and dTMP, and folate analogs,
      presumably mediated by conformational changes in the enzyme induced by these
      ligands. The structure of both the folate analog and the nucleotide determines
      the tightness of binding in the ternary complex. For example, the first order
      rate constant for dissociation of FdUMP from the dTMP synthetase-FdUMP PteGlu
      complex is almost 100-fold larger than from the dTMP synthetase-FdUMP-PteGlu3
      complex. The latter had a slower rate of dissociation than did the covalent dTMP
      synthetase-FdUMP-5,10-CH4H4Pte- Glu complex, which had been shown to have a Kd of
      10(-11) M. FdUMP formed tighter complexes than did either dUMP or dTMP when using
      PteGlu3, PteGlu, or H2PteGlu as the folate components, but with 5,8-deazafolate
      complexes formed with all three nucleotides appeared to have about the same
      stability. H2PteGlu also induced the tight binding of dUMP to dTMP synthetase. A
      Scatchard plot indicated positive cooperativity in the binding of dUMP to both
      human and bacterial enzyme in the presence of H2PteGlu. These results suggest the
      possibility that when cells are exposed to MTX the decrease in dTMP synthetase
      activity may be due largely to formation of inhibitory enzyme-dUMP-H2PteGlun
      complexes and does not result primarily from depletion of reduced folates because
      of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition. Because this complex has a slow rate of
      dissociation, dTMP synthetase activity would still be inhibited for some time
      after an influx of reduced folates (as in leucovorin rescue) sufficient to
      support the enzyme reaction under normal conditions.

PMID- 6810660
TI  - Ontogeny of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase containing lymphocytes in rats
      and mice.

PMID- 6810661
TI  - Studies of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in normal and neoplastic human
      cells.
AB  - Optimized biochemical assays and cytoimmunofluorescence tests were used to detect
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TdT, in malignant cells of 36 leukemias
      and 75 lymphomas from patients not receiving chemotherapy. TdT was virtually
      absent from normal lymph nodes and from leukocytes of chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia, CLL, taken as controls. Its quantitative distribution in the neoplasms
      matched the current knowledge. Appreciable amounts of TdT were found in all the
      10 lymphomas of lymphoblastic type, LL, and in the white blood cells of: 16 out
      of 19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AAL, perhaps with modulation in the various
      phenotypes; 2 out of 3 acute undifferentiated leukemias, AUL; and 3 out of 7
      blastic crises in chronic myelogenous leukemia, b.c. CML. Biochemical and
      cytoimmunological analyses yielded concordant responses and even roughly
      comparable estimates in the same patients. TdT immunofluorescence was clearly
      nuclear in most cells and was cytoplasmic occasionally. Definite correlations
      between concentrations of enzymatic activity and percentage of immunofluorescent
      cells could not e established. Further detailed work will be required to identify
      putative subgroups in TdT-positive blast populations.

PMID- 6810662
TI  - Structure-activity relationship in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents,
      including QSAR in fenamate derivatives.
AB  - First, it is shown that it is not yet possible to outline a generally valid
      receptor model for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. This is
      demonstrated by three examples of receptor models, namely by the model according
      to Shen, by the receptor concept of Appleton and Brown, and by the concept
      concerning chelate complex formation between NSA and heme iron of the
      cyclooxygenase complex according to Peterson et al. This means that the "custom
      made" synthesis of NSA with, perhaps, quantitatively and qualitatively better
      properties is not yet possible. On the basis of this statement, QSAR
      investigations may be justified in order to optimize known NSA. In this paper,
      QSAR calculations on 21 fenamate derivatives are reported. For this, both the
      multivariate and the univariate Hansch Analysis were used. Altogether, 16
      approaches to QSAR has been performed using 1 - 4 biological and 3 - 19 physico
      chemical parameters, respectively, with 7 - 21 objects. In all cases a dominating
      influence of pi has been indicated. Other physico-chemical parameters seemed to
      be of less importance, e. g., sigma, Es, log xi MR, MV, parachor, and Verloop's
      steric constants. Possible new fenamate structures of higher biological activity
      are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6810664
TI  - [Electrophysiological evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium for clinical use,
      (I) Hyperosmolarity response of the standing potential and its origin (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6810663
TI  - [2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone as a new aldose reductase inhibitor (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 6810665
TI  - [Electrophysiological evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium for clinical use.
      (II) Hyperosmolarity response in normal subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 6810666
TI  - Encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. Comparison between the india-ink immuno
      reaction and the indirect fluorescent antibody test in detecting Encephalitozoon
      cuniculi antibodies.

PMID- 6810667
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors on responses of segments of
      coronary arteries to 4-methylesculetol and/or to angiotensin II].
AB  - The aim of this work is to study the mechanism by which 4-methylesculetin (4-Me)
      causes the relaxation or inhibits the angiotensin-2 (ATN2) induced contraction in
      the smooth muscle. The effect of 4-Me, alone or associated with ascorbic acid, on
      basal tone and ATN2 induced contraction of isolated coronary strips have been
      studied. Experiments have been carried out in the presence of lysine
      acetylsalicylate (LAS) and indomethacin (IN), specific inhibitors of
      prostaglandin-synthetase. Both LAS and IN decreased, but did not abolish, the 4
      Me induced relaxation and suppressed the depressive effect of 4-Me on the ATN2
      dependent contraction. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 4-Me
      influence could be mediated by prostaglandins release in the smooth muscle.

PMID- 6810668
TI  - Effect of blood on arachnoiditis from aqueous myelographic contrast media.
AB  - Bloody cerebrospinal fluid is thought to increase the risk of arachnoiditis from
      myelography with iophendylate, but not with aqueous media. An experimental study
      was undertaken of the effects of metrizamide, iocarmate, and blood, independently
      and in mixtures, on the production of arachnoid fibrosis. Monkeys exposed to a
      mixture of iocarmate or metrizamide and blood developed no more significant
      arachnoid fibrosis than animals exposed to the contrast medium alone. Lumbar
      puncture with bloody cerebrospinal fluid, although a possible cause of adverse
      effects, is not a contraindication to proceeding with metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 6810669
TI  - Experimental study of arachnoiditis from iohexol, an investigational nonionic
      aqueous contrast medium.
AB  - Myelography was performed in 16 monkeys using either metrizamide or iohexol, a
      new nonionic aqueous contrast medium. Eight of the animals received almost five
      times the recommended clinical dose of contrast medium per unit of body weight;
      the other eight received the equivalent of a high clinical dose. The severity of
      resultant arachnoiditis 12 weeks later was evaluated by repeat myelography and by
      histologic study of the arachnoid. No animals had severe arachnoiditis. Two of
      the four animals examined with the higher dose of metrizamide had moderate
      arachnoiditis and one had mild arachnoiditis; with the lower dose of metrizamide,
      two of four animals had mild arachnoiditis. No significant evidence of
      arachnoiditis was seen in any of the eight animals examined with iohexol.

PMID- 6810670
TI  - High-resolution CT of the petrous bone: direct vs. Reformatted images.

PMID- 6810671
TI  - CT with image reformation for noninvasive screening of the carotid bifurcation:
      early experience.
AB  - Twenty-two cervical carotid artery bifurcations were evaluated in 11 patients
      using a high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) technique with image
      reformation permitting display of the bifurcation anatomy. Arteriography was also
      done in eight of the patients, two of whom subsequently underwent carotid
      endarterectomy. The CT study showed patency of the proximal internal carotid
      artery in every case and depicted significant stenosis of four vessels. Thrombus
      within a large ulcer was seen in one vessel on CT, but another shallow ulcer
      found on angiography was missed. Although the data are limited, this preliminary
      experience suggests a possible role for this technique in carotid bifurcation
      screening and indicates further investigation may be worthwhile.

PMID- 6810672
TI  - Traumatic longitudinal atlanto-occipital distraction injuries in children.
AB  - Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation with survival is possible and, in fact
      may be relatively more common than once thought. The spectrum of neurologic
      manifestations is broader than previously described and does not necessarily end
      in death or tragic neurologic deficit. Radiographic diagnosis of this injury may
      be difficult, particularly in the longitudinal distraction-dislocation type.
      Although several methods have been proposed to evaluate the atlanto-occipital
      relationship, none of these is infallible in the recognition of distraction
      injury in children. Immobilization rather than skeletal traction provides
      sufficient immediate stabilization when the dislocation at the atlanto-occipital
      junction is of the longitudinal distraction type. Three cases are reported: in
      one, death occurred early; in the second, recovery was partial, but sudden death
      occurred 2 years later; the third child recovered fully.

PMID- 6810673
TI  - CT ScoutView for skull fracture: substitute for skull films?

PMID- 6810674
TI  - Complicated infantile meningitis: evaluation by real-time sonography.
AB  - Real-time sonographic findings in 20 infants with bacterial meningitis are
      reported. The spectrum of features included normal scans, ventricular
      enlargement, focal areas of increased cortical echogenicity, ventricular bands,
      and cerebral abscess. Areas of increased cortical echogenicity on sonography
      representing meningoencephalitis corresponded to areas of contrast enhancement
      seen on computed tomography (CT). Excellent correlation was found between CT and
      sonography. Because of the advantage of obtaining sonographic scans at the
      bedside, it appears that sonography offers an attractive alternative to CT in the
      evaluation of infantile meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 6810675
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of Galenic arteriovenous malformations in the neonate.

PMID- 6810676
TI  - Unusual manifestation of vein of Galen aneurysm.

PMID- 6810677
TI  - Rapid shrinkage of a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor with bromocriptine: CT
      documentation.

PMID- 6810678
TI  - Lymphoid adenohypophysitis with radiologic and clinical findings resembling a
      pituitary tumor.

PMID- 6810679
TI  - Catheterization of tortuous carotid arteries.

PMID- 6810680
TI  - Low-cost digital subtraction angiography.

PMID- 6810681
TI  - Localized inversion of the cortical mantle due to a chronic subdural hematoma:
      complication of ventricular shunting.

PMID- 6810682
TI  - Randomized withdrawal from nifedipine: placebo-controlled study in patients with
      coronary artery spasm.
AB  - A multicenter randomized double-blind withdrawal study was conducted to compare
      the efficacy of nifedipine to that of placebo in vasospastic angina. Following a
      2-week single-blind nifedipine baseline period, during which nifedipine was
      maintained at prestudy levels, 38 patients, 19 taking placebo and 19 continuing
      nifedipine therapy, either completed a 4-week randomized phase or were
      prematurely withdrawn because of therapeutic failure. During the randomized
      phase, an increase in median anginal frequency (2.8 attacks/wk, p less than
      0.003) and nitroglycerin usage (0.5 tablets/wk, p less than 0.03) occurred only
      in the placebo group. The randomized phase was prematurely terminated because of
      anginal exacerbation in 7 of 19 placebo patients (37%) (only 1 patient receiving
      nifedipine [p = 0.02] experienced anginal exacerbation). Double-blind therapy was
      judged effective in 16 patients (84%) receiving nifedipine and in 3 patients
      (16%) receiving placebo (p less than 0.001). Nifedipine was well tolerated. This
      study establishes the efficacy of nifedipine in the treatment of variant and
      validates previous clinical experience.

PMID- 6810683
TI  - The cost benefit of drug reviews in long-term care facilities.

PMID- 6810684
TI  - Perioperative coronary arterial spasm: long-term follow-up.
AB  - Six patients who survived episodes of coronary arterial spasm occurring
      immediately after coronary bypass grafting were followed up for 15 to 30 (mean
      20) months after operation. In all patients coronary spasm occurred in an
      unobstructed dominant right coronary artery and caused inferior transmural
      ischemia. Sudden circulatory collapse occurred in five of the six patients as a
      consequence of acute coronary spasm. All patients were treated with nitroglycerin
      followed by nifedipine. No patient has had recurrent angina or other evidence of
      spontaneous coronary spasm since surgery. Cardiac catheterization studies,
      including ergonovine maleate testing, were repeated 3 to 12 months after surgery
      in five of the six patients. The right coronary artery and all bypass grafts were
      patent in all five. Four patients had new inferior wall motion abnormalities.
      Ergonovine provoked focal right coronary arterial spasm in one patient. It is
      concluded that manifestations of coronary spasm after myocardial
      revascularization range from asymptomatic S-T segment elevation to severe
      hypotension. These episodes of perioperative spasm may cause myocardial necrosis.
      Coronary spasm has not recurred in patients who survived perioperative spasm, but
      some patients may have a continued predisposition to development of coronary
      spasm late after surgery.

PMID- 6810685
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in patients with repetitive monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia and otherwise normal electrocardiogram.
AB  - Natural history, structural substrate, electrocardiographic and
      electrophysiologic characteristics and therapy were evaluated in 18 patients who
      demonstrated repetitive ventricular tachycardia, defined as repeated episodes of
      ventricular tachycardia that had a uniform QRS configuration and normal sinus
      conducted QRS complexes between the episodes of tachycardia. The patients were
      young (mean age 37 years) and frequently had a long history of arrhythmias before
      this evaluation; only two patients has a history of syncope and six were
      completely asymptomatic. Fourteen patients had no evidence of underlying
      structural heart disease, three had mitral valve prolapse and one had congestive
      cardiomyopathy. Episodes of ventricular tachycardia tended to occur in clusters
      over a 24 hour electrocardiographic recording period. Repetitive ventricular
      tachycardia was induced in two of nine patients by programmed electrical
      stimulation, and in seven patients incremental atrial and ventricular pacing
      suppressed spontaneous arrhythmia. In the one patient whose tachycardia was
      induced by incremental ventricular pacing there was an inverse relation between
      pacing cycle length and the interval from the last paced complex to the first
      complex of ventricular tachycardia, indicating there was overdrive suppression.
      At a follow-up time of 0.5 to 8 years no patient had died or had worsening of
      symptoms. Encainide completely eliminated episodes of ventricular tachycardia
      during acute treatment in five of six patients tested. Seven patients received no
      antiarrhythmic therapy and the arrhythmia appeared to have spontaneously resolved
      in four of these patients. Repetitive ventricular tachycardia appears to have
      distinct clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. In this series the
      arrhythmia had a good prognosis and often required no treatment. The
      electrophysiologic features are consistent with a mechanism of automaticity.

PMID- 6810686
TI  - Reversal of regional myocardial depressant effects of propranolol with
      nitroglycerin.
AB  - Use of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction is limited by its
      cardiodepressant effects. The effects of nitroglycerin (0.4 mg intravenously) on
      regional myocardial dysfunction produced by total or partial (50 percent)
      coronary occlusion and intravenous administration of propranolol (1.0 mg/kg) were
      evaluated using pairs of ultrasonic crystals implanted subendocardially in the
      nonischemic and ischemic zones in 14 open chest dogs. During partial coronary
      occlusion, systolic shortening (% delta L) in the ischemic zone decreased from
      20.9 +/- 5.3 to 7.2 +/- 6.4 (p less than 0.001). Propranolol did not change it
      significantly. Nitroglycerin increased % delta L from 6.7 +/- 4.5 to 11.2 +/- 5.3
      (p less than 0.01). The nonischemic zone was unaffected by partial coronary
      occlusion but showed a decrease in % delta L from 18.6 +/- 6.2 to 15.6 +/- 5.1 (p
      less than 0.01) with propranolol. Nitroglycerin increased % delta L from 15.6 +/-
      5.1 to 17.3 +/- 5.9 (p less than 0.02). During total coronary occlusion,
      nitroglycerin administration after propranolol improved % delta L in the
      nonischemic but not in the ischemic zone. Nitroglycerin caused a significant
      decrease in left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures. Heart rate
      remained unchanged. It is concluded that nitroglycerin reversed myocardial
      depressant effects of propranolol in both the partially ischemic and the
      nonischemic zones after acute coronary occlusion.

PMID- 6810687
TI  - Long-term effects of prosthetic materials.
AB  - The surgical repair of the various types of congenital cardiac defects often
      requires the use of prosthetic materials, both bioprosthetic and synthetic.
      Patches have proved highly effective in many applications and locations. All
      prosthetic valves have significant limitations, and particularly disappointing
      was the observation that bioprosthetic valves undergo accelerated degeneration in
      younger patients. The extracardiac conduit allowed corrective operation for
      several complex types of anomalies, but it suffers the double jeopardy of
      premature degeneration of its integral tissue valve (if any), and progressive
      peel formation within its lumen. A threat of infection exists in the presence of
      prosthetic materials, especially valves. These known limitations of prosthetic
      devices as well as possible potential late complications not yet fully elucidated
      are sufficient indication for periodic, perpetual surveillance of patients who
      have received cardiac prostheses.

PMID- 6810688
TI  - The effect of two intravenous fat emulsions and their components on bilirubin
      binding to albumin.
AB  - The effect of two intravenous lipid emulsions on the binding of bilirubin to
      albumin was investigated in vitro. Various concentrations of a soybean
      (Intralipid) or a safflower (Liposyn) oil emulsion in 0.48 mM albumin were
      assayed for changed in bilirubin displacement using Sephadex G-25 gel filtration
      and for alternations of albumin reserve binding capacity by a novel difference
      spectroscopy technique. Two major components of the emulsions, glycerol and egg
      phosphatides, were also assayed by difference spectroscopy. A significant
      enhancement of the total reserve bilirubin binding capacity of albumin was noted
      with concentrations of 200 to 500 mg/100 ml lipid emulsion using difference
      spectroscopy. Using salicylate to block secondary albumin binding sites for
      bilirubin, reserve bilirubin binding capacity at nonsalicylate competitive sites
      was shown to have increased (maximum 61%) over the range of 50 to 1000 mg/100 ml
      lipid emulsion. Only changes in nonsalicylate competitive binding sites could be
      detected at concentrations normally achieved in vivo. Egg phosphatides had little
      effect and glycerol decreased reserve bilirubin binding capacity. Sephadex
      studies were unable to detect any significant change in bilirubin retained on the
      column with 50 or 500 mg/100 ml lipid emulsion at any bilirubin/albumin ratio.
      The enhancement of reserve bilirubin binding capacity caused by lipid emulsions
      is mediated through changes in nonsalicylate competitive albumin binding sites.
      Product differences demonstrated in vitro point out the complexity of their
      effects on bilirubin-albumin binding and the necessity for in vivo investigations
      with structurally different nutritional products designed for use in newborns.

PMID- 6810689
TI  - Prognostic factors in medulloblastoma.
AB  - Clinical data on 30 patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma treated at this
      institution were analyzed. This review presents data on the clinical features,
      natural history of disease, and prognostic factors, as well as survival. Patients
      were treated uniformly using similar methods and tumor doses. The two important
      factors were use of optimum techniques and dosage of radiotherapy, and extent of
      the disease. The development of hydrocephalus had significant bearing on the
      prognosis, and there was a correlation between survival and clinical evidence of
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6810690
TI  - Age at onset of necrotizing enterocolitis. Risk factors in small infants.
AB  - We compared the features of 45 infants with early-onset necrotizing enterocolitis
      (NEC) (in the first ten days of life) and 41 infants with late-onset NEC (after
      the tenth day of life); all weighed 1,500 g or less at birth. Infants with late
      onset NEC were smaller at birth and had younger gestational ages than infants
      with early-onset illness. No significant differences between the two groups,
      however, were found in sex or race distribution, mean one- and five-minute Apgar
      scores, or in the relative frequency of occurrence of 30 maternal and neonatal
      risk factors. Intravenous alimentation was administered significantly more
      frequently to infants with late-onset NEC. Birth weight-specific weekly attack
      rates for NEC declined dramatically when infants reached the equivalent of 35 to
      36 weeks' gestational age. We hypothesize that the timing of noxious events in
      relation to gut maturity may explain these observations.

PMID- 6810691
TI  - Continuous enteral feedings. An important adjunct to the management of complex
      congenital heart disease.
AB  - Eleven infants with complex congenital heart lesions were given continuous
      enteral infusions after failure to gain weight adequately despite use of
      hypercaloric formulas and nutritional supplementation. Formulas used before
      institution of enteral feedings were continued. Dietary and caloric intake and
      weight measurements were obtained at weekly or monthly intervals. Both mean daily
      caloric intake and mean daily weight gain were greater after initiation of
      continuous enteral feedings. Rate of weight gain improved in all 11 children
      after institution of enteral feedings. Continuous enteral feeding increases
      weight gain in babies with complex congenital heart disease, allowing earlier and
      safer surgical intervention.

PMID- 6810692
TI  - Hyperplasia of the myenteric plexus. Its association with early infantile
      megacolon and neurofibromatosis.
AB  - An infant with cutaneous criteria for neurofibromatosis had hyperplasia of the
      intestinal myenteric plexus and a clinical presentation mimicking Hirschsprung's
      disease. Many of his phenotypic features are also found in multiple endocrine
      neoplasia type IIb, a condition in which hyperplasia of the myenteric plexus is
      common. This case illustrates the overlapping nature of neural crest-derived
      conditions and the variable presentation of megacolon (ganglionic or aganglionic)
      in infancy.

PMID- 6810693
TI  - Small bowel obstruction due to enterolith (bezoar) formed in a duodenal
      diverticulum: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - An elderly patient with an acute small bowel obstruction due to an enterolith
      that evolved within a duodenal diverticulum is reported. Twenty-four prior
      instances of small bowel obstruction due to an enterolith formed within a small
      bowel diverticulum have been culled from the world literature and tabulated. In
      toto, 18 subjects are female and seven are male. The median age is 68 yr. Optimal
      surgical management is either to break up the enterolith and milk the components
      into the cecum without an enterotomy or, as is more often necessary, to milk the
      enterolith orad removing the concretion through an enterotomy made in less
      edematous small intestine. As in managing gallstone ileus, the bowel should be
      "run" seeking additional enteroliths. The diagnosis can be established only by
      documenting the normalcy of the gallbladder and the presence of duodenal and/or
      jejunal diverticula.

PMID- 6810695
TI  - Volumetric pump cassette modification for intravenous nitroglycerin delivery.

PMID- 6810696
TI  - Comparison of transdermal nitroglycerin products.

PMID- 6810694
TI  - Serum apolipoprotein A-I levels: relationship to lipoprotein lipid levels and
      selected demographic variables.
AB  - Serum apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides
      were measured in 289 persons randomly selected from a Northern California
      industrial population in 1974-1976. Apo A-I and high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol were strongly correlates with one another and both were inversely
      correlated with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. The decrease
      in HDL-cholesterol with increasing VLDL-triglycerides was relatively much larger
      than the concomitant decrease in apo A-I. The relative decrease in the sum of
      cholesterol and triglycerides in the HDL fraction was similar to that for apo A
      I, suggesting that the decreasing HDL-cholesterol:apo A-I ratio with increasing
      VLDL-triglycerides is due in large part to reciprocal transfer of cholesteryl
      esters for triglycerides between HDL and VLDL. Mean apo A-I level was 16 mg/dl
      higher in women not taking exogenous sex steroids than in men, 31 mg/dl higher in
      women taking estrogens without progestins and 10 mg/dl higher in contraceptive
      drug users than in other women, and 8 mg/dl higher in black than in white men.
      The first two of these differences were statistically significant. Apo A-I level
      was unrelated to age, but increased with ethanol consumption and decreased with
      adiposity. An inverse relationship between Apo A-I and cigarette smoking was
      found among women.

PMID- 6810697
TI  - A presumptive role for gamma-aminobutyric acid in the regulation of gonadotropin
      secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of di-n-propylacetic acid (valproic acid), a gamma-aminobutyric acid
      transaminase inhibitor, on the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH) was studied in
      five normal women during the proliferative and luteal phases of the menstrual
      cycle. Valproic acid produced no significant change in the basal serum
      concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone in either the
      proliferative or the luteal phase of the study. In the proliferative phase the
      delta LH (maximum increment above baseline) following LHRH stimulation rose from
      32.8 +/- 21.2 (mean +/- SD) to 52.2 +/- 28.7 mlU/ml (not significant) after
      valproic acid, while the delta FSH rose from 2.2 +/- 1.1 to 5.0 +/- 3.6 mlU/ml
      (not significant). Four of the five volunteers showed an augmentation of the
      delta LH response to LHRH after valproic acid while the fifth subject showed no
      change. In three subjects the augmented delta LH response after valproic acid was
      highly significant. By contrast, the delta LH in the luteal phase following LHRH
      stimulation fell from 65.3 +/- 20.1 to 43.1 +/- 12.9 mlU/ml after valproic acid
      (p less than 0.03). Corresponding delta FSH values were 2.5 +/- 1.1 and 2.1 +/-
      0.8 mlU/ml (not significant). It is speculated that gamma-aminobutyric acid may
      exert a modulatory role on gonadotropin secretion following LHRH stimulation and
      that this effect is influenced by the phase of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6810698
TI  - The redistribution of benign gynecologic surgery.
AB  - The program directors of obstetrics-gynecology residencies in the United States
      were questioned regarding their perceptions of benign gynecologic surgical volume
      change at their institutions. Most responding departments had experienced a
      decline volume during the 5 years prior to the study. This volume decrease tended
      to be more frequent and more pronounced in those programs involving care of a
      high percentage of indigent patients. Conversely, programs with a predominantly
      nonindigent patient population tended to experience increases in volume. Many
      factors are responsible for this redistribution, including a change in
      gynecology, itself, which has become increasingly occupied with noninvasive
      ambulatory techniques.

PMID- 6810700
TI  - Agency practices in assigning fieldwork experiences to occupational therapy
      students.
AB  - Practices by agencies in assigning Level II fieldwork experiences to occupational
      therapy students were examined. Time-specific logs were collected from students
      and from agency personnel during a 3-month period. The data generated were used
      to answer questions about how effectively student time was used in meeting the
      stated purposes of the assignment. The focus was on "average" student fieldwork
      activities. The study suggests that more careful and systematic development and
      design of Level II fieldwork programs are needed to meet the established
      educational goals and to maximize educational opportunities during the allotted
      time.

PMID- 6810699
TI  - The role of hypersensitivity reactions to toxoplasma antigens in experimental
      ocular toxoplasmosis in nonhuman primates.
AB  - To assess the role of ocular hypersensitivity reactions to Toxoplasma antigens in
      previously sensitized ocular tissues, we used a nonhuman primate model of ocular
      toxoplasmosis. Each eye of eight monkeys was inoculated with living Toxoplasma
      organisms into the inner retinal layers. All eyes developed necrotizing
      retinochoroiditis. Healing of the lesion occurred with the formation of a
      retinochoroiditic scar. Four months later, Toxoplasma antigens were injected
      through the right internal carotid artery. Four weeks after this, Toxoplasma
      antigens were inoculated into the left retina. Iritis, vitritis, and retinal
      edema occurred in response to the administration of the antigens, but no
      recurrent necrotizing retinochoroiditis was produced in this model. These
      findings suggested that hypersensitivity to Toxoplasma antigens does not play a
      major role in triggering recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in nonhuman
      primates.

PMID- 6810702
TI  - Helicoidal plane of dental occlusion.
AB  - A helicoidal plane of postcanine occlusion has been patchily reported in many
      recent and fossil dentitions of man, and has been suggested as a taxonomic marker
      distinguishing between the dentitions of Homo and Australopithecines. The present
      paper describes the helicoidal plane in 19 out of 23 modern human (probably
      Indian) worn dentitions, in both gracile and robust Australopithecines and in
      extant anthropoids. It is suggested that tooth wear converts the plane of
      occlusion present in little-worn teeth, the Monson curve, into a helicoidal plane
      when 1) the diet is more abrasive, 2) the enamel is thinner and less abrasion
      resistant, and 3) a longer time separates the eruption of the three molar teeth
      in a jaw quadrant. A model demonstrates that during the power stroke of a chewing
      cycle the working side molars move in much the same direction whether the molar
      occlusal plan follows a Monson curve or a helicoidal plane. The difference is
      that in the former case the three molars work at the same time while in the
      latter case they work in sequence from anterior to posterior, thereby
      concentrating force on one tooth at a time. Because the occlusal plane changes
      during the life of individuals consuming an abrasive diet, the condition of most
      anthropoids and hominids, it is argued that the Monson curve has functional
      significance not because of its influence on occlusal relations and/or jaw
      movement but because the molar teeth are embedded in bone roughly perpendicular
      to it, a direction which resists tilting of the teeth during mastication. It is
      concluded that the helicoidal plane probably has little if any value as a
      taxonomic marker.

PMID- 6810703
TI  - Pliocene hominid gait: new interpretations based on available footprint data from
      Laetoli.
AB  - Normative trends in the gait patterns of modern man can be used to reconstruct
      crucial characteristics of the bipedal behaviour of Pliocene hominids from their
      fossilized footprints. In this reconstruction the interrelated parameters of
      velocity, stride-length, and cadence are determined from imprints made in damp
      volcanic ash some 3.7 million years ago. When early hominid footprint data is
      fitted to regression equations of high predictability for the interrelationship
      of these locomotor parameters in modern man, a pattern of gait emerges that
      contradicts previous reconstructions.

PMID- 6810701
TI  - Chemicals, evolution, and cancer development: Rous-Whipple Award Lecture.

PMID- 6810704
TI  - Beja and Nilotes: nomadic pastoralist groups in the Sudan with opposite
      distributions of the adult lactase phenotypes.
AB  - Lactose tolerance tests with breath hydrogen determination were performed on 585
      apparently healthy adolescents and adults in the Democratic Republic of the
      Sudan. Out of the total, 303 probands belong to the tribal group Beja,
      traditional nomadic pastoralists in the desert zone between the Nile and the Red
      Sea. The 282 Nilotes (mainly Dinka) are members of seminomadic cattle breeding
      tribes in the south of the Sudan. In both populations milk consumption is
      substantial but only in the Beja true milk dependence, sufficient to result in
      selective pressures in favour of the lactase persistence allele, is likely to
      exist. The proportion of lactose malabsorbers was 16.8% in the Beja and 74.5% in
      the Nilotes. The high prevalence of lactose malabsorption among the Nilotes fits
      into a converging gradient of lactase gene frequencies along the Nile Valley. The
      Beja are the first nomadic desert population in North Africa in whom a high
      prevalence of lactase persistence has been demonstrated on a numerically
      sufficient sample.

PMID- 6810705
TI  - Blood groups among Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
AB  - Blood specimens from Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of Coastal Andhra
      Pradesh, India are examined for A1A2BO, MNSs, and Rhesus blood groups.
      Predominance of A group in Brahmins and B group in Kammas is observed. Phenotype
      A2 records less than 4% in both populations. High frequencies of genes M, s, D,
      and e are exhibited among both populations. Statistically significant differences
      are found only for A1A2BO system between Brahmins and Kammas.

PMID- 6810706
TI  - Urinary excretion of acetylcarnitine during human diabetic and fasting ketosis.
AB  - The urinary excretion of acetylcarnitine was studied in patients with diabetic
      ketosis before and during insulin therapy and in normal-weight and obese subjects
      during fasting. In the diabetic ketotic patients, acetylcarnitine represented 61%
      of the total acylcarnitine excretion. During the first 24 h of insulin treatment,
      acetylcarnitine excretion decreased and on the 5th day of treatment was 18% of
      the acylcarnitines excreted. The urinary excretion of the other acylcarnitines
      fell slowly. In normal-weight subjects fasted for 3 days, the urinary excretion
      of acetylcarnitine increased on the 2nd day of fasting, and on the 3rd day
      acetylcarnitine accounted for 78% of the excreted acylcarnitine. In obese
      subjects there was a progressive increase in urinary acetylcarnitine excretion,
      but on day 6 it represented only 55% of the total acylcarnitine excreted. The
      urinary excretion of acetylcarnitine correlated with blood beta-hydroxybutyrate
      concentration in the normal-weight subjects during fasting and in the diabetic
      ketotic patients. Acetylcarnitine accounts for a major fraction of the
      acylcarnitines excreted in the three ketotic conditions studied. The contribution
      of acetylcarnitine to the change in acylcarnitines as ketosis appears or
      disappears is significantly less in the obese subjects than in the normal-weight
      subjects or in the diabetic patients. This difference may reflect an alteration
      in the production or disposition of acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine in obesity.

PMID- 6810707
TI  - Coronary dilator actions of adenosine and CO2 in experimental diabetes.
AB  - We have previously shown that coronary regulation is altered in the diabetic
      lamb. In the present investigation the effects of hypercapnic acidosis (increases
      CO2) and adenosine on coronary sinus flow (CF; ml . min-1 . 100 g-1 LV) were
      assessed in 13 controls and 7 diabetic lambs (glucose 1,084 +/- 193 mg/dl) given
      alloxan (150 mg/kg) 2 days prior to study. All measurements were made under
      conditions of constant aortic pressures and cardiac output. Left ventricular (LV)
      performance was continuously recorded; O2 content, O2 and CO2 partial pressure,
      pH, and glucose concentrations were compared in simultaneous sinus and arterial
      samples. Dose-response curves (0.30 micrograms . min-1 . kg-1) indicated a linear
      relationship between adenosine and CF. At infusion rates of 30 (iv) or 3 (LV)
      micrograms . min-1 . kg-1 adenosine increased CF by 30 and 21 ml . min-1 . 100 g
      1 LV, respectively in control (P less than 0.001) but not in diabetic lambs. With
      increases CO2 (80 mmHg; pH 6.95), CF increased substantially (control 60 ml;
      diabetic 45 ml) in both groups (P less than 0.001). The dilator action of
      adenosine was enhanced in control during increases CO2, and significant responses
      to adenosine appeared in the diabetic group. It is concluded that increases [H+]
      has a potent direct coronary dilator action in both control and diabetic lambs
      and enhances responsiveness to adenosine. Sensitivity to adenosine is reduced in
      diabetics, and this subsensitivity is largely reversed by hypercapnic acidosis.

PMID- 6810708
TI  - Microfilaments and the hydrosmotic action of vasopressin in toad urinary bladder.
AB  - The role of cytoskeletal elements in the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-induced
      hydrosmotic response of the toad bladder has been investigated with the
      microfilament and microtubule disrupting agents, cytochalasin B and colchicine.
      In the presence of a transmural osmotic gradient, addition of ADH resulted in a
      measured osmotic permeability coefficient (Pf) of 190 +/- 12 micrometers/s;
      preincubation with cytochalasin B (2 x 10(-5) M) reduced this value to 138 +/- 6.
      However, ADH-induced diffusional permeability to tritiated water (PD) was
      enhanced by 17% with cytochalasin B. The toxin caused a pronounced vacuolation in
      granular cells only when both ADH and an osmotic gradient were present. This led
      to experiments with brief glutaraldehyde fixation after hormonal stimulation but
      before osmotic gradient imposition. Subsequent osmotic flow measurements yielded
      Pf values of 180 +/- 18 and 210 +/- 7 micrometers/s for ADH and ADH +
      cytochalasin B, respectively. With gradient imposition only after tissue
      fixation, no structural alterations were found. We conclude that cytochalasin B
      inhibition is through disruption of the intracellular portion of the pathway for
      osmotic flows. Comparable experimentation with colchicine indicated that its
      interference is primarily with ADH action on the mucosal membrane itself. These
      results may bear on the significance of particle aggregation in the mucosal
      membrane, which has been thought to indicate ADH-induced water channels but which
      is reported to be precluded by cytochalasin B treatment.

PMID- 6810709
TI  - Liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase changes in vivo with hypoxia and
      anesthetics.
AB  - Methods for obtaining and processing rat liver for determination of glycogen
      phosphorylase a and synthase I activity were studied. An extremely rapid and
      profound increase in phosphorylase was induced by hypoxia. The effect on synthase
      I was slower and less striking. Using alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, a
      catecholamine-depleting agent, and a ganglionic blocking agent, it was determined
      that adrenergic stimulation secondary to the surgical procedure required to
      obtain the liver was not a significant factor. The anesthetic agent used also had
      a significant effect on the proportion of phosphorylase in the a form. Seconal
      anesthesia resulted in lower phosphorylase a levels than did ether or urethan
      anesthesia.

PMID- 6810710
TI  - Renin release selectively stimulated by prostaglandin I2 in isolated rat
      glomeruli.
AB  - Renal glomeruli were isolated from rat kidneys using a passive mechanical sieving
      technique. Glomerular microsomal fraction, glomerular homogenate, or intact
      glomeruli were incubated with [1-14C]arachidonic acid, and the profile of
      prostaglandin (PG) synthesis was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The
      three incubation systems produced 15.3, 20.8, and 40.4% 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; 19.1,
      23.5, and 15.3 PGF2 alpha; 5.7, 9.1, and 3.9% thromboxane (TX) B2; 36.0, 35.1,
      and 37.0% PGE2; and 23.9, 11.3, and 3.4% PGD2, respectively. Glomeruli were
      placed in suspension within glass chambers and superfused with Krebs solution.
      Superfusion with 1.6 x 10(-4) M arachidonic acid stimulated a significant release
      of renin from glomeruli, whereas 2.7 x 10(-6) M PGE1, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, TXB2,
      PGD2, or a stable analog of PGH2 had no effect on renin. When the rapid breakdown
      of PGI2 was counteracted by either increasing the concentration to 1.7 x 10(-4) M
      or stabilizing in Krebs at pH 9.4, it stimulated a significant increase in renin
      release. Reducing the arachidonic acid concentration to 1.6 x 10(-5) M eliminated
      both renin release and PGI2 synthesis, while increased PGE2 synthesis persisted.
      Finally, using an inhibitor of PGI2 synthesis, azo analog 1 (2.8 x 10(-6) M), 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha produced in response to arachidonic acid was eliminated, as was
      the concurrent release of renin, but PGE2 synthesis was not affected. These
      results suggest that the mechanism of direct interaction between renal PG and
      renin in isolated glomeruli is selectively due to the action of PGI2.

PMID- 6810711
TI  - Does calcium mediate the slowing of gastric emptying in primates?
AB  - Disodium edetate (EDTA, 1 g/l) in test meals of water slowed gastric emptying
      strongly in one human and in four rhesus monkeys. When the binding sites of the
      EDTA were loaded with calcium before it was given in the test meal, there was
      little effect on gastric emptying. It is suggested that EDTA takes up calcium
      from the "tight junctions" of the duodenal epithelium. As a result a signal is
      set up that slows gastric emptying. It is postulated that the anions of fatty
      acids produced during the digestion of triglycerides in the duodenum also slow
      gastric emptying by the same mechanism. We explain how fats, carbohydrates, and
      proteins could all slow gastric emptying by operating on the same receptor.

PMID- 6810712
TI  - Salt loading augments vascular responses to indomethacin in stroke-prone SHR.
AB  - We examined whether endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) participated in control of
      hindquarters vascular resistance during salt loading in stroke-prone
      spontaneously hypertensive rates (SHR-SP). SHR-SP and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY)
      were fed either a normal (0.3% NaCl) or high (8% NaCl) salt diet for 5 wk. High
      salt increased blood pressure and hindquarter vascular resistance (VR) in SHR-SP
      (P less than 0.01) but not in WKY. Indomethacin given intravenously increased
      hindquarter VR in SHR-SP during high salt as well as during normal salt (P less
      than 0.01) but not in either group of WKY. In SHR-SP the increase in hindquarter
      VR by PG synthesis inhibitors were two times greater during high salt than during
      normal salt (P less than 0.01). In addition, hindquarter vasodilatation by
      bradykinin was greater (P less than 0.05) in SHR-SP during high salt than that
      during normal salt, but vasodilatation by prostaglandin E1 or nitroglycerin was
      not different between the two groups. These results suggest that vascular
      synthesis of endogenous PGs was greater in SHR-SP during high salt than that
      during normal salt. Increased endogenous PGs may play an important role in the
      regulation of hindquarter VR during high salt intake in SHR-SP.

PMID- 6810713
TI  - Sympathetic and thyroid influences on metabolic rate in fed, fasted, and refed
      rats.
AB  - Twice daily subcutaneous injections of norepinephrine (NE, 25 micrograms/100 g
      body wt) for 16 days, in adults rats, produced significant increases in resting
      oxygen consumption (VO2), thermogenic responses to NE, plasma triiodothyrone (T3)
      levels, interscapular brown fat mass, and hepatic mitochondrial alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. These responses were absent in
      hypothyroid rats. Rats fasted for 72 h showed significant decreases in VO2 and
      plasma T3. Refeeding with carbohydrate (CHO, 40 kJ) produced a rapid rise in
      plasma T3 within 3 h and a delayed rise in VO2 (peak rise at 24 h). Treatment
      with the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (2 mg/100 g body wt, sc) at the
      time of the meal blocked the rises in T3 and VO2. Injecting fasted rats with T3
      (365 ng/100 g body wt, ip) had no effect on subsequent VO2 but NE (40
      micrograms/100 g body wt, sc) produced similar increases in plasma T3 and VO2 to
      CHO refeeding. The delayed rise in VO2 after CHO refeeding was blocked by
      propranolol (0.5 mg/100 g body wt, sc) when given 24 h after the meal. These
      results provide evidence for catecholamine-induced changes in thyroid hormone
      metabolism and for a sympathetic involvement in thyroid-dependent responses to
      nutritional manipulations.

PMID- 6810714
TI  - Adverse effects of combined propranolol and chlorpromazine therapy.
AB  - The authors describe a woman with chronic schizophrenia who experienced delirium,
      grand mal seizure, and photosensitivity after the addition of propranolol to her
      neuroleptic regimen. The pharmacokinetic synergism of this combination may be
      hazardous for some patients.

PMID- 6810715
TI  - Perceptual changes with bupropion, a novel antidepressant.
AB  - The authors assessed perceptual changes in 12 depressed patients treated wih
      bupropion, 12 patients given other antidepressants, and 12 drug-free controls.
      Bupropion was associated with vivid dreaming and changes in attention, memory,
      and perception. which may have contributed to its therapeutic effectiveness.

PMID- 6810716
TI  - Major histocompatibility genes in egg-laying hens.
AB  - A common base population of White Leghorn was "synthesized" for a joint project
      on the genetics of egg-laying, undertaken by animal breeding geneticists in 4
      Scandinavian countries. After 6 to 7 generations of line selection for various
      egg-laying parameters, MHC typing was undertaken of both the selection lines in
      Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and the respective control lines representing the
      common base population. Ten MHC haplotypes were defined which jointly accounted
      for about 95% of the MHC gene pool of the base population. The 2 haplotypes which
      were predominant in the base population, B15 and B19, responded very differently
      to the selection pressures applied.

PMID- 6810717
TI  - Inhibition of pepsin activity by unconjugated bile acids. Inverse relation to
      number of hydroxyl groups.
AB  - The unconjugated bile acids cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and
      lithocholic acid were each found to inhibit pepsin activity in vitro against the
      refined substrate n-adenosyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-3,5-diiodotyrosine (n-APDT). The
      degree of inhibition was inversely proportional to the number of hydroxyl
      substituents on the bile acid molecule. The implications of these findings in
      relation to the occurrence of peptic ulceration in patients undergoing Roux-Y
      biliary diversion is discussed.

PMID- 6810718
TI  - A technique of anchoring a catheter in a feeding gastrostomy.

PMID- 6810719
TI  - Nutrition in head and neck surgery.

PMID- 6810720
TI  - A rare intra-operative complication in a child with Von Recklinghausen's
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6810721
TI  - [A method for the determination of O2-uptake and CO2-elimination from the
      respiratory gases in mechanically ventilated patients (author's transl)].
AB  - A method for the assessment of O2-uptake and CO2-elimination from respiratory
      gases in mechanically ventilated patients is presented, the Beckman metabolic
      measurement cart. It was designed for exercise measurements. In patients under
      respirator treatment, there are problems resulting from the pressure sensitivity
      of the polarographic O2-electrode. Correct measurements of O2-uptake is possible
      if an inspired O2-concentration of 50 per cent is not exceeded.

PMID- 6810722
TI  - Quantitation of individual proteins by a two-stage electrophoresis procedure.

PMID- 6810723
TI  - Improved colorimetric procedure for quantitating N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine with
      minimum dihydrouracil interference.

PMID- 6810724
TI  - A simple method for the qualitative demonstration of large and small plasmid
      deoxyribonucleic acids in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6810725
TI  - Improved alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase assay system suitable for
      continuous recording.

PMID- 6810726
TI  - Protein cleavage by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate prior to electrophoresis.

PMID- 6810727
TI  - 5'-Mercuri-uridine triphosphate as a substrate for transcription.

PMID- 6810728
TI  - Determination of glyburide in human serum by liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.

PMID- 6810729
TI  - [The subclavian vein catheter related infections (author's transl)].
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to study the possible means to prevent
      the subclavian vein catheter related infections. The tip of the catheter and the
      part situating at the skin puncture were cultured using the semiquantitative
      culture method. The growth of the micro-organisms was divided into three groups:
      classical pathogenic, opportunistic and non pathogenic. We did not find any
      growth in 64 p. cent of the catheters. The puncture site gave growth in 15 p.
      cent, the catheter tip in 6,5 p. cent and both of them in 14 p. cent In this
      study four cases (1,5 p. cent) of septicemias were found. In these cases
      Streptococcus fecalis was the most common microorganism. The aim of the
      semiquantitative culture method was to differentiate a real catheter related
      infection and contamination. The real infection was found only in 32 catheter
      tips though growth was seen in 54 catheter tips. According to this investigation
      it seems that the most important factor in preventing catheter related infections
      was strict sterility during the catheter placement as well as during the
      maintenance. A small dose of heparin probably reduces the formation of fibrin
      sleeve around the catheter tip and thus prevents infections. The time the patient
      is catheterized is also of importance, patients with catheter related septicemia
      had twice as long duration than cases without growth of catheter tip.

PMID- 6810730
TI  - [Treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (30 cases). Respective role of surgery,
      intensive care and artificial nutrition (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report on a retrospective study of 30 severe acute pancreatitis. The
      severity of the illness is documented by operative statement and evolution of the
      disease = 50 p. cent of mortality. A first group of 10 patients (1972-1975) was
      treated by primary intensive care and rapid ablative surgery with 10 deaths. A
      second group of 20 patients (1976-1980) was treated by primary intensive care,
      artificial nutrition and secondary surgical drainage. Mortality is significantly
      lower in the second group (5 deaths). It is concluded that all severe acute
      pancreatitis should be initially managed by intensive metabolic care and
      respiratory support if necessary. The only indication for primary surgery is a
      diagnostic doubt with peritonitis or bowell infarction. The authors emphasize the
      improvement of the prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis related to hemodynamic
      and respiratory measures and to a better nutritionnal support. Surgery should be
      secondary on a well prepared patient. Drainage or sequestrectomy support a lower
      mortality than ablative surgery.

PMID- 6810731
TI  - A systematic method for validation of gas exchange measurements.
AB  - The measurement of gas exchange is useful, but thus far, has not been practical
      during the mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. To validate two new
      commercial instruments, (Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900B, Beckman Metabolic
      Cart), the authors constructed a lung model into which they delivered CO2 and N2
      at precise rates to simulate Co2 production (Vco2) and O2 consumption (Vos). The
      model consists of 13.5-1 gas jar with an attached one liter anesthesia bag. The
      lung model was ventilated at present tidal volumes and frequencies. The authors
      also compared the measured respiratory quotient (RQ) with the known RQ of burning
      methanol (RQ = 0.67) in the jar. When the model was ventilated with levels of
      tidal volume and gas exchange applicable to adults, both instruments measured V02
      within 5 to 13% of predicted values. Varying the FI02 did not significantly
      affect this accuracy. At tidal volumes below 350 ml, the difference increased
      between predicted VCO2 and measured VCO2. The difference between measured vs. the
      actual RQ of methanol was 5 and 1.5% in the Siemens-Elema and Beckman Systems,
      respectively.

PMID- 6810732
TI  - Hypophosphatemic respiratory failure complicating total parenteral nutrition--an
      iatrogenic potentially lethal hazard.

PMID- 6810733
TI  - Systemic anaphylaxis immediately following delayed hypersensitivity skin tests.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests are performed frequently for other than
      primary immunologic disorders. Systemic anaphylaxis occurred during delayed
      hypersensitivity skin testing on a healthy, non-atopic individual. This reaction
      appeared to be IgE mediated. Anaphylactic recovery sets must be readily available
      whenever such testing is performed.

PMID- 6810734
TI  - A double blind crossover trial of lithium carbonate in asthma.
AB  - Lithium carbonate was evaluated in a double-blind, crossover study for
      prophylactic therapy in five patients with severe perennial asthma. There were no
      significant differences in symptom scores, salbutamol inhalations, PEFR and
      pulmonary function tests when the baseline, placebo and lithium periods were
      compared in all patients.

PMID- 6810735
TI  - Mesenteric ischemia: nutritional impact and capturing the golden operative
      moment.
AB  - Chronic thrombotic mesenteric ischemia is a well-described but infrequently
      encountered disease in the practice of clinical vascular surgery. Viewing it as a
      three-stage process and tailoring the management to this concept will help to
      achieve maximal success in prompt diagnosis, appropriate revascularization, and
      resection when needed. Aggressive intravenous nutritional support will help
      bolster these patients against the complications and mortality associated with
      management for each stage, while helping to restore the deficits engendered
      preoperatively by the disease itself.

PMID- 6810737
TI  - The new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins.

PMID- 6810736
TI  - The prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine. Report of the centers for disease
      control multi-center efficacy trial among homosexual men.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, vaccine/placebo trial of the Merck 20-micrograms
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was done among 1402 homosexual men attending
      venereal disease clinics in five American cities. Vaccination was followed by
      only minimal side effects. Two doses of vaccine induced antibody in 80% of
      vaccine recipients. A booster dose 6 months after the first dose induced antibody
      in 85% of recipients and markedly increased the proportion of recipients who
      produced high antibody titers. The incidence of HBV events was markedly less in
      the vaccine recipients compared to that in the placebo recipients (p = 0.0004).
      Between month 3 and 15 after the first dose, 56 more significant HBV events
      (hepatitis, or hepatitis B surface antigen positive, or both) occurred in the
      placebo group while only 11 occurred in the vaccine group. Ten of the 11 HBV
      events in the vaccine recipients occurred in hypo- or nonresponders to the
      vaccine. This vaccine appears to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in
      preventing infection with hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 6810738
TI  - [Investigation of Legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic gram-negative
      bacteria in pulmonary autopsy samples of children dying as a consequence of acute
      respiratory diseases].

PMID- 6810739
TI  - [Global pancreatic and gastric deficiency after a familial membranous
      glomerulonephritis in a child treated by corticoids and chlorambucil for a long
      time (author's transl)].
AB  - A 2-year-old boy with familial extramembranous glomerulonephritis was
      unfortunately treated with corticosteroids (1 to 0.5 mg/kg/day) and Chlorambucil
      (cumulative dose: 2.5 g) over a period of 7 years. Three years later, after
      recovery from the renal affection, he developed fatty diarrhoea from exocrine
      pancreatic deficiency, followed 5 years later by the onset of diabetes with
      hypochlorhydric gastritis. The diagnosis of non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis
      was suggested by scintigraphic and ultrasonographic investigations and confirmed
      by the marked increase in lactoferrin levels and the lactoferrin/lipase ratio
      (greater 0.1 p. cent) in pancreatic juice. The etiology was more likely to be
      direct toxicity of corticoids and/or immunosuppressors on the pancreas than an
      immunologically-mediated disease.

PMID- 6810740
TI  - Bacteriology of Mycobacterium leprae: state of the art paper.

PMID- 6810741
TI  - Pyrolysis mass spectrometry: its applicability to mycobacteriology, including
      Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6810742
TI  - Ultrastructure of Mycobacterium leprae and other acid-fast bacteria as influenced
      by fixation conditions.
AB  - A procedure using aldehydes, OsO4, Ca++ and uranyl acetate was selected for study
      of the fixation of Mycobacterium leprae in skin biopsies of leprosy patients. The
      ultrastructural pattern of recognized normal M. leprae cells fixed by the above
      procedure was characterized, and was found to be similar to that of other acid
      fast bacteria fixed by the same procedure, except for the geometry of the
      membrane profile. Under such fixation conditions, this profile is always
      asymmetric in in vitro-cultured normal Nocardia asteroides, M. aurum and M.
      tuberculosis, whereas in skin biopsies no M. leprae cells with asymmetric
      membranes have been found so far. The implications of this observation for the
      interpretation of the ultrastructure of damaged M. leprae cells found in skin
      biopsies are discussed.

PMID- 6810743
TI  - Microcrypt extensions of tonsillar crypts.
AB  - The crypts of human palatine tonsils were examined electron microscopically. The
      cryptal epithelia contained three types of micropores (termed microcrypt). Type I
      microcrypts opened between intercellular spaced of the epithelial cells. Free
      cells were observed in the micropores. Type II microcrypts opened near the center
      of a cryptal epithelial cell. Type III microcrypts appeared after "specialized
      epithelial cells" degenerated and fell off. Many mature plasma cells are attached
      to the walls of the sinusoidal vessels in the lower boundary zone of the
      epithelium and subepithelial layer. Lymphocytes were observed migrating from the
      postcapillary venules of the subepithelial zone. The findings indicate that the
      microcrypts are probably orifices for tunnel-like passages of free cells and that
      they are located in the walls of the tonsillar crypts. The lymphocytes in the
      passages perhaps come from lymphoid tissues in the subepithelial layer and
      postcapillary venules, and the antibodies produced in the cryptal epithelia of
      the palatine tonsils may contribute to humoral immunity.

PMID- 6810744
TI  - What procedure do you follow in treating acute burn wounds?

PMID- 6810745
TI  - Retinoids as chemopreventive and anticancer agents intact animals (review).
AB  - Certain retinoids have reproducibly prevented carcinogen-induced cancer of the
      skin, mammary gland, and urinary bladder of experimental animals and, in isolated
      experiments, have demonstrated positive activity for carcinogen-induced cancer of
      the esophagus, cervix, and liver. Attempts to establish activity of retinoids in
      prevention of lung and colon cancer have generally been unsuccessful. In the
      chemotherapy of established cancers, retinoids have exhibited modest activity
      against those that are immunogenic. The preventive activity of retinoids appears
      to be associated with their role in chemotherapy is consistent with general
      stimulation of the immune response of the host.

PMID- 6810746
TI  - Central neurogenic hyperventilation in an awake patient with brainstem
      astrocytoma.
AB  - A patient had the rare combination of central neurogenic hyperventilation (PaCO2
      of 9 torr) and a normal level of consciousness for eight days. Morphine
      attenuated but never corrected the hyperventilation. Experimental effects of
      hypocapnia, which decreases both cerebral blood flow and metabolism in humans,
      are at odds with the normal mentation initially seen in this patient despite her
      marked and persistent hypocapnia. Death occurred after progressive brainstem
      dysfunction. Pathological study showed a well-differentiated astrocytoma
      involving primarily the medulla and pons, with scattered tumor foci throughout
      the entire neuraxis. Possible mechanisms for central neurogenic hyperventilation
      are discussed briefly in relation to the pathological findings and the observed
      response to morphine.

PMID- 6810747
TI  - Long-term management of respiratory failure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Present-day technology has made the in-home care of patients requiring prolonged
      mechanical ventilation increasingly common. When this technology is applied to
      the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, physiological,
      psychological, and ethical issues must be adequately addressed. Assessment of
      medical and social factors in six patients, four of whom are still living,
      indicates that in-hospital as well as follow-up evaluation should be carried out
      in an effort to anticipate the long-range problems, challenges, and limitations
      of home care ventilation. Because of increasing availability and simplicity of
      portable respiratory support devices, the implications of long-term ventilatory
      support for some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and similar
      illnesses will become more commonly considered in planning long-term home care.

PMID- 6810748
TI  - Burn encephalopathy in children.
AB  - Among 287 children with burns treated over a recent two-year period, 13 (5%)
      showed evidence of encephalopathy. The major clinical symptoms were an altered
      sensorium and seizures. The majority of symptoms began later than 48 hours after
      the burn and were accompanied by multiple metabolic aberrations including
      hypocalcemia. Three children had a relapsing course, and 1 had temporarily
      enlarged cerebral ventricles. Eleven children improved to normal. In the majority
      of instances, burn encephalopathy probably reflects central nervous system
      dysfunction resulting from complex metabolic, hematological, and hemodynamic
      abnormalities rather than from a single metabolic abnormality.

PMID- 6810749
TI  - Neuroimmunomodulation: neural anatomical basis for impairment and facilitation.
AB  - Rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of specific limbic nuclei show
      alterations in lymphoid cell number and in lymphocyte activation induced in vitro
      by concanavalin A (Con A). The number of splenocytes decreases after lesioning in
      the anterior hypothalamus (p less than 0.001), ventromedial hypothalamus (p less
      than .0.2), and mamillary bodies (p less than. 0.001). The number of thymocytes
      decreases after lesioning of the anterior hypothalamus (p less than 0.001) and
      increases after hippocampal lesioning (p less than 0.001). Spleen cell
      responsiveness to con A decreases subsequent to lesioning of the anterior
      hypothalamus, whereas reactivity was enhanced after lesion placement in the
      mamillary bodies (p less than 0.002), hippocampus (p less than 0.001), and
      amygdaloid complex (p less than 0.001). Thymocyte mitogen reactivity is increased
      by lesions of the hippocampus (p less than 0.001) and amygdaloid complex (p less
      than 0.001). These effects manifest themselves maximally 4 days after lesioning,
      with a return to normal by day 14. These preliminary data indicated that
      quantitative and qualitative lymphocyte functions are altered by ablation of
      selected brain nuclei, thereby suggesting the presence of neural modulation of
      immune function.

PMID- 6810750
TI  - Sterol biosynthesis.

PMID- 6810751
TI  - Enzyme therapy: problems and solutions.

PMID- 6810752
TI  - On the population genetics of beta 2-glycoprotein I in Himachal Pradesh, India.
AB  - The concentration of beta 2-glycoprotein I was studied in four tribal populations
      of Himachal Pradesh, India. These groups did not show any striking
      interpopulation differences in either the serum concentration or in the phenotype
      and gene frequencies. Compared to other Indian populations, the tribal
      populations showed significantly low frequencies of BgD. These differences
      emphasize the potential usefulness of the beta 2-glycoprotein I system in
      anthropological studies.

PMID- 6810754
TI  - [Combined effect of ethonium and antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The combined effect of ethonium and 5 antibiotics belonging to different groups
      was studied with 30 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. A 2--8-fold increase in
      the activity of kanamycin and tetracycline against some strains was observed. The
      MIC of carbenicillin, polymycin M and cefotaxime was lowered by 2--6 times and
      with respect to some strains by 16--32 times. The detergent is recommended to be
      used in combination with some antibiotics in treatment of infections caused by
      resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6810753
TI  - [Sensitivity of clinical Ps. aeruginosa strains to antibiotics].
AB  - The results of the study on the antibiotic sensitivity of clinical strains of Ps.
      aeruginosa are presented. The strains were isolated from the clinical material of
      surgical patients with postoperative infections due to Ps. aeruginosa and chronic
      purulent infections of the lungs. For comparison 40 strains of Ps. aeruginosa
      isolated from the environment of the hospital were tested. The methods of agar
      diffusion and serial dilutions in liquid media were used for determination of the
      sensitivity. Polymyxin M, tobramycin, carbenicillin, gentamicin and amicacin were
      most active, 100, 99.1, 96, 95.5 and 95,1 per cent of the isolates being
      sensitive respectively. The results of the serial dilutions were comparable with
      those of the agar diffusion with respect to gentamicin and polmyxin M. The
      strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from the clinical material were more sensitive
      to gentamicin and carbenicillin (4.5 and 4 per cent of the resistant strains
      respectively) than those isolated from the environment (10 and 30 per cent of the
      resistant strains respectively). Sensitivity of the strains did not depend on the
      source of their isolation.

PMID- 6810755
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of beta-lactam-tobramycin combinations against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and multidrug-resistant gram-negative enteric bacilli.
AB  - Piperacillin was more consistently active than tobramycin, carbenicillin,
      moxalactam, or ceftriaxone against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated
      from blood cultures and against multidrug-resistant strains. Moxalactam and
      ceftriaxone were more consistently active than tobramycin, carbenicillin, or
      piperacillin against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Synergy between beta
      lactam antibiotics and tobramycin was frequently observed against strains of P.
      aeruginosa isolated from blood cultures but not against multidrug-resistant
      organisms. Piperacillin plus tobramycin was the most active antibiotic
      combination against P. aeruginosa. Moxalactam plus tobramycin and ceftriaxone
      plus tobramycin were the most active antibiotic combinations against
      Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 6810756
TI  - Penetration of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by synergistic
      combinations of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - The mechanism of the synergistic action of carbenicillin-gentamicin and
      moxalactam-tobramycin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 was
      investigated. Disruption of the outer membrane penetration barrier by EDTA
      treatment enhanced the activity of both combinations against the cells during
      growth for 100 min in exponential phase. However, there was no loss of the
      synergistic activity of the antibiotics as a result of this treatment. A
      procedure involving minimal inhibitory concentration testing in the presence of
      rifampin did not detect any destabilization of the outer membrane barrier by any
      of the four drugs over an 18-h period. The combined evidence indicates that beta
      lactamaminoglycoside synergy is not mediated by the outer membrane of this
      organism.

PMID- 6810757
TI  - Activities of various beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, alone and in combination,
      against isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of carbenicillin, ticarcillin,
      moxalactam, cefoperazone, azlocillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, and three
      aminoglycosides, alone and in various combinations, were determined against 60
      isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the sputum of patients with cystic
      fibrosis. Ceftazidime was the most active beta-lactam, with minimum inhibitory
      and bactericidal concentrations for 90% of isolates of 4 micrograms/ml.
      Moxalactam was the least active of the new beta-lactams, with activity equivalent
      to that of carbenicillin; each had a minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of
      isolates of 64 micrograms/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration for 90% of
      isolates of 128 microgram/ml. All combinations of an aminoglycoside plus a beta
      lactam showed favorable inhibitory effects. Combinations of beta-lactams showed
      mostly addition or indifference. Although little antagonism was seen with
      combinations of beta-lactams or with aminoglycoside-beta-lactam combinations, no
      consistent advantage of beta-lactam combinations was demonstrated in vitro. These
      results suggest several single drugs and combinations that merit clinical
      evaluation in cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas pulmonary infections.

PMID- 6810758
TI  - Penicillin-binding proteins in Bacillus subtilis mutants.
AB  - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) from mutants of Bacillus subtilis were
      studied and related to morphology. In a previously described cloxacillin
      resistant mutant of B. subtilis strain Porton, PBP 2a had an altered mobility by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and was present in increased amounts.
      In addition, PBPs 1a and 1b were missing in this mutant. The only morphological
      change seen was a decrease in size of about 15%. Studies of two Triton-resistant
      morphological mutants of B. subtilis 168, Tr49 (small diameter) and Tr61 (helical
      form), revealed no change in the number of PBPs compared with that of the parent
      strain. However, PBPs 1a and 1b had an altered mobility in the mutant Tr49.

PMID- 6810759
TI  - Stoichiometric cooperation of NADPH and hexobarbital in hepatic microsomes during
      the catalysis of hydrogen peroxide formation.

PMID- 6810760
TI  - Studies on identifying the folylpolyglutamate binding sites of Lactobacillus
      casei thymidylate synthetase.

PMID- 6810761
TI  - Detection of two essential sulfhydryl residues in Escherichia coli B glycogen
      synthase.

PMID- 6810762
TI  - Verruciform xanthoma in an epithelial nevus.
AB  - Verruciform xanthoma is an unusual lesion that was initially reported in 1971.
      Clinically, it is a verrucous, vascular, epithelial plaque or papillomatous
      growth commonly found on oral or mucosal tissues. Histologically, it is
      characterized by a verruciform epithelium with abundant parakeratosis and by foam
      cells occupying the vascularized dermal papillae. This is the second extramucosal
      verruciform xanthoma reported. Our patient had several unique features. She is
      the youngest patient described to date, her lesion is the largest reported, and
      the lesion occurred in an epithelial nevus-type eruption of a phocomelic
      extremity. Light and electron microscopic studies disclosed abnormal
      keratinization, mast cell proliferation, and the previously described foam cells.
      We believe that the verruciform xanthoma in our patient represents part of a
      reaction to the epithelial nevus occurring in association with a developmental
      anomaly.

PMID- 6810763
TI  - Circulating soluble immune complexes containing pseudomonas antigens in cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - In order to investigate whether circulating immune complexes containing
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens mediate pulmonary damage in cystic fibrosis, we
      studied lung function, serum immune complex levels, and immunoglobulin
      concentrations in relationship to chronic pseudomonas colonisation in 69 affected
      children. Sixteen of the children with cystic fibrosis had increased levels of
      immune complexes which contained pseudomonas antigens. There was no significant
      relationship between lung function corrected for the effect of chronic
      pseudomonas colonisation and the presence of such complexes or increased levels
      of complexes detected by Cl1 binding or raised serum immunoglobulin
      concentrations. Our results suggest that these abnormalities in cystic fibrosis
      are secondary effects of chronic infection and they do not provide evidence for
      immune complex mediated lung damage in this disease.

PMID- 6810764
TI  - Poor weight gain of the low birthweight infant fed nasojejunally.
AB  - Forty-four appropriately grown preterm infants of birthweight 1-1.5 kg were
      allocated to nasojejunal (NJ) or nasogastric (NG) feeding at birth. Infants in
      the NJ group were transferred to NG feeding as soon as they weighed 1.5 kg. The
      mean caloric intake of infants in both groups was the same, but mean incremental
      weight velocity during NJ feeding was significantly less than during NG feeding.
      At expected date of delivery mean body weight and mean occipitofrontal
      circumference were significantly smaller in the NJ group. During the 3 months
      after the expected date of delivery, when all infants were being fed orally, the
      infants in the NJ group had significantly greater mean weight velocity and mean
      occipitofrontal circumference velocity than infants in the NG group so that by 3
      months after the expected date of delivery there was no significant difference in
      bodyweight or occipitofrontal circumference between the groups. Low birthweight
      infants fed by the nasojejunal route from birth should be transferred to
      nasogastric feeding as soon as possible.

PMID- 6810765
TI  - Continuous intravenous infusion of ampicillin and gentamicin during parenteral
      nutrition in 88 newborn infants.
AB  - Ampicillin and gentamicin were dissolved once a day in an L-amino acid solution
      especially prepared for parenteral nutrition of newborn infants and infused
      continuously to 88 infants in whom septicaemia was suspected or had been proved.
      The mean dosages were 162 and 5.3 mg/kg per 24 hours respectively, and the 95%
      limits for the serum concentrations were 11-133 and 1.3-7.4 micrograms/ml. The
      treatment results were at least as good as with intermittent intramuscular or
      intravenous administration. This new mode of giving antibiotics is less painful
      to the babies and easier for the nurses.

PMID- 6810766
TI  - Clinical limitations of the estimation of glomerular filtration rate from
      height/plasma creatinine ratio: a comparison with simultaneous 51Cr edetic acid
      slope clearance.
AB  - A retrospective comparison of single determinations of glomerular filtration rate
      measured by 51chromium-edetic acid slope clearance (CEDTA) and height/plasma
      creatinine ratio (Ht/PC) was undertaken in 199 children aged between 3 and 16
      years. Analysis of the data indicated that only if Ht/PC less than or equal to
      1.2 cm/mumol per 1 was the relationship between Ht/PC and CEDTA linear. Over this
      range where renal function is significantly impaired the confidence limits for
      individual prediction of glomerular filtration rate were so wide that a
      definitive measurement of renal function would be necessary in clinical practice.
      Where Ht/PC greater than or equal to 1.2 the relationship was non-linear and the
      predictive confidence limits very wide. To apply the technique as a screening
      test for normal renal function (CEDTA greater than or equal to 80 ml/min per 1.73
      m2) the Ht/PC would need to exceed 2.16. In our study this would have detected 57
      out of 131 patients who had normal glomerular filtration rates and erroneously
      included 2 out of 68 with subnormal renal function.

PMID- 6810767
TI  - Cafe-au-lait spots in schoolchildren.
AB  - This paper reports a study of cafe-au-lait spots of a minimum diameter of 1 cm in
      732 white schoolchildren. Three groups were identified, according to the number
      of cafe-au-lait spots on each child: (1) those with none (74%), (2) those with
      fewer than 5 (25%), and (3) those with at least 5 (5 children, 2 considered to be
      normal, and 3 siblings each presumed to have neurofibromatosis, one having died
      from leukaemia). Excluding the last group, the number of cafe-au-lait spots in
      the sample was not significantly related to age or sex. Some support is given for
      using the number of cafe-au-lait spots as an empirical threshold to diagnose
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6810768
TI  - Influence of chronic MnCl2 and EDTA treatment on tissue levels and urinary
      excretion of trace metals in rats.

PMID- 6810769
TI  - Fate of the thiomalate part after intramuscular administration of aurothiomalate
      in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The excretory fate and plasma level of thiomalate were studied after
      intramuscular administration of auro-14C-thiomalate to 3 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. The gold and the thiomalate parts separated in vivo, and the free
      thiomalate was excreted in the urine, rapidly at first and then slowly. After one
      day about 60% of the 14C-label had been recovered in the urine. The plasma level
      also declined rapidly. The results are in complete agreement with those
      previously described in animal experiments.

PMID- 6810770
TI  - Another hazard of gold therapy.

PMID- 6810773
TI  - Optimal myocardial protection with fluosol cardioplegia.
AB  - An oxygenated perfluorocarbon cardioplegic solution was examined, utilizing a
      blood-perfused canine model. Twenty-one animals were divided into three equal
      groups, and each animal received Fluosol cardioplegia at one of three infusion
      temperatures: 20 degrees C, or 4 degrees C. All hearts underwent 90 minutes of
      ischemia, during which time 150 ml of the cardioplegic solution was infused every
      30 minutes. Myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PmO2 and PmCO2) were
      monitored continually using mass spectrometry, and myocardial oxygen consumption
      was calculated with each cardioplegic injection. The mean increase in PmO2 was
      7.1 +/- 0.9 mm Hg with 20 degrees C Fluosol infusions, 31.1 +/- 4.7 mm Hg with 10
      degrees C Fluosol injections, and 22.2 +/- 4.7 mm Hg with infusions of 4 degrees
      C Fluosol. Average myocardial oxygen consumptioN, expressed as cubic centimeters
      of oxygen per 100 gm of left ventricle (wet weight), was 21.2 +/- 0.5 with 20
      degrees C Fluosol, 22.8 +/- 1.3 for 10 degrees C Fluosol, and 19.6 +/- 1.0 for 4
      degrees C Fluosol. Mean myocardial temperatures with infusions of 20 degrees C,
      10 degrees C, and 4 degrees C solutions were 21.4 +/- 0.1 degree C, 16.9 +/- 0.4
      degree C, and 15.9 +/- 0.5 degree C, respectively. After 45 minutes of
      reperfusion, maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, expressed as
      percentage of preischemic control, was 70.9 +/- 3.9% for 20 degrees C Fluosol,
      90.9 +/- 3.2% for 10 degrees C Fluosol, and 90.4 +/- 2.3% for 4 degrees C Fluosol
      (p less than 0.005, 20 degrees C versus 10 degrees C, 4 degrees C Fluosol). In
      addition, the 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C Fluosol hearts had essentially normal
      structure by light and electron microscopy. These data demonstrate tht Fluosol
      cardioplegia results in near optimal myocardial protection when infused at cold
      temperatures (4 degrees C to 10 degree C). The increases intramyocardial oxygen
      and myocardial oxygen consumption with each injection demonstrate that there is
      enhanced oxygen delivery and utilization, which may account for the improved
      functional recovery observed in these hearts.

PMID- 6810774
TI  - Effect of FSH deprivation on spermatogenesis in prepubertal mice.
AB  - A specific antiserum to ovine follicle stimulating hormone (AS/FSH) raised in
      rabbits and administered to prepubertal mice from days 5 to 35 of age, inhibited
      intermediate and type B spermatogonia. Development of spermatocytes, spermatids,
      and spermatozoa was affected, indicating a role for FSH in the initiation of
      spermatogenesis. Decrease in the testicular and epididymal weights, but not that
      of seminal vesicles and ventral prostate, demonstrated the specific action of
      AS/FSH. Reduction in the weights of the epididymis in AS/FSH-injected mice
      accompanied by the absence of spermatozoa in the lumen suggests a possible role
      for FSH in spermiation.

PMID- 6810775
TI  - Zinc, prolactin, gonadotropins, and androgen levels in uremic men.
AB  - This study correlates plasma levels of Zinc (Zn) and some pituitary and
      testicular hormones in 20 uremic men (aged 17-58 years) on a weekly peritoneal
      dialysis program. Patients were compared to 12 healthy male volunteers (aged 28
      40 years). In uremic men, plasma androstenedione (A) was elevated, while
      testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and Zn were low. On a group basis,
      plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were
      normal while prolactin was increased. A negative correlation was observed between
      plasma A and LH levels, as well as between the A/T+DHT ratio and plasma Zn
      concentrations. Our results suggest a diminished A-to-T conversion and point to
      the possible role of Zn in the enzyme activity of the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6810776
TI  - Serum prolactin, FSH, LH and testosterone before and after vasectomy in normal
      men.

PMID- 6810777
TI  - The effects of indomethacin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on acetylcholine
      initiated contractions of gastric muscularis muscle of Bufo marinus.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibitor, and PGE2 on the acetylcholine-initiated contractions of
      isolated gastric muscularis muscle of Bufo marinus. Two types of contractions
      were identified: initial contraction observed on challenging the preparation with
      acetylcholine (ACh) and, spontaneous contractions which persisted after the
      initial contraction. The challenging dose of ACh (2.5 X 10(-5) M) was fixed at
      the level eliciting optimum contractions of the preparation while the dose of
      indomethacin was varied between 0-2.5 X 10(-4) M. Indomethacin dose of 5.0 X 10(
      6) M prevented the spontaneous contractions but had no noticeable effect on the
      initial contraction. However, the initial contraction was inhibited by
      indomethacin in a dose-dependent fashion with a complete blockade occurring at an
      indomethacin dose of 2.5 X 10(-4) M. To rule out the possibility of indomethacin
      dose being non-specific in this preparation, PGE2 (10(-7) M) was used to reverse
      the reduction of the spontaneous contractions elicited by indomethacin (4.0 X 10(
      5) M) and the antagonism was surmountable. We concluded that PGE2, and/or other
      related endogenous compounds play a part in cholinergic-initiated contractions of
      muscularis muscle of Bufo marinus.

PMID- 6810778
TI  - Valproic acid: metabolite concentrations in plasma and brain, anticonvulsant
      activity, and effects on GABA metabolism during subacute treatment in mice.
AB  - Mice were continuously treated with valproic acid (VPA) via the drinking water
      for period from 1 to 12 days. The daily drug intake varied between 500 and 580
      mg/kg. However, due to the rapid elimination of VPA in this species average
      plasma concentrations of only 3-4 micrograms/ml VPA were present at 8:30 a.m.,
      the time chosen for determinations. In the brain, VPA levels were about 10% of
      those in plasma. In regard to VPA metabolism the products of beta-oxidation 2-en
      VPA 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid) and 3-keto-VPA (2-propyl-3-oxopentanoic acid)
      proved to be the main metabolites in plasma although other (minor) metabolites of
      VPA were also present. The only metabolite of VPA detected in the brain was 2-en
      VPA. VPA medication caused a significant increase in the threshold for
      electroconvulsions which was associated with a slight increment of brain GABA
      levels. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase was significantly elevated
      whereas GABA aminotransferase was not affected. After withdrawal of VPA, a
      delayed effect on seizure threshold was observed which extended to time periods
      where VPA could no longer be detected in the brain, but 2-en-VPA was still
      present.

PMID- 6810779
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of GABA, GABA-aminotransferase inhibitors and valproic
      acid following systemic administration in rats, cats and dogs: pharmacological
      approach to localize the site of action.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of GABA, sodium valproate (VPA) and inhibitors of GABA
      aminotransferase (GABA-T), namely aminooxyacetic acid, gabaculine, gamma
      acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA and ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS), were studied
      in anesthetized rats, cats and dogs. All compounds were administered
      intravenously in dose levels previously shown as anticonvulsant active. In rats
      and cats, GABA (100-1000 mg/kg) caused a sustained fall of blood pressure and
      heart rate. A similar reaction was observed in dogs following maintenance
      infusion of the amino acid. The prolonged cardiovascular depression in response
      to GABA could be attenuated by subsequent administration of picrotoxin and
      bicuculline as well as by alpha-methyltyrosine, corynanthine, chlorpromazine and
      tripelennamine. Phentolamine, yohimbine, propranolol, vagotomy, atropine,
      cyproheptadine, apomorphine and haloperidol did not antagonize the cardiovascular
      effects of GABA. Administration of GABA-T inhibitors provoked prolonged
      hypotension and bradycardia, which could be partially counteracted by picrotoxin,
      bicuculline and, except in the case of EOS, by chlorpromazine. VPA, in high doses
      (300-400 mg/kg) exerted similar cardiovascular effects in rats as observed with
      GABA and GABA-T inhibitors. The prolonged cardiovascular depression caused by VPA
      could be counteracted by bicuculline and partially by chlorpromazine. Apomorphine
      led to a considerable potentiation of the effects of VPA. It is concluded that
      GABA, GABA-T inhibitors and VPA may induce cardiovascular depression at least in
      part by activation of GABA receptors and that the response is mediated
      predominantly by the central adrenergic system. Some indication was found that an
      interaction with peripheral histamine contributes to the cardiovascular effects
      of GABA.

PMID- 6810780
TI  - Interaction of calcium and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on transport by the turtle
      and toad bladders.
AB  - Agents or maneuvers which increase intracellular calcium, inhibit Na, H + and AVP
      stimulated water transport by the turtle and toad bladders. The mechanism of the
      inhibitory effect remains incompletely defined. An increase in intracellular
      calcium has been shown to stimulate prostaglandin release in several tissues.
      Since prostaglandins are capable of altering transport we examined whether
      cyclooxygenase inhibition would alter the inhibitory effect of the high
      extracellular calcium, ionophore A23187, or carbachol on AVP-stimulated water
      flow in the toad bladder and on Na and H + transport measured as the short
      circuit current and reverse short circuit current respectively by the turtle
      bladder. Indomethacin or ibuprofen was used at a dose of 10(-6) M which has been
      shown to inhibit the release of endogenous prostaglandin. Pretreatment with
      indomethacin or with ibuprofen significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of
      high extracellular calcium, ionophore, or carbachol on AVP-stimulated water flow
      in the toad bladder. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not alter the inhibitory
      effect of the ionophore or carbachol on Na or H + transport by the turtle
      bladder. The data demonstrate that pretreatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen
      blunts the effect of agents which increase intracellular calcium on water
      transport but not on Na or H + transport. It is suggested that high intracellular
      calcium inhibits water transport via prostaglandin release whereas the inhibition
      of Na or H + transport is independent of prostaglandin.

PMID- 6810781
TI  - Hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma. Studies of
      thyrotropin and subunit secretion.
AB  - A 58-year-old man had symptoms of hyperthyroidism and congestive heart failure.
      While hyperthyroid, his serum thyrotropin (TSH) level was inappropriately
      elevated at 6.1 microunits/mL. The molar ratio of alpha subunit to TSH was 2.5,
      suggesting the presence of a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. Further evaluation
      disclosed an enlarged sella turcica with posterior erosion, and an intrasellar
      mass was visualized on computed tomographic scan. Neither serum TSH nor alpha
      subunit levels became elevated after administration of thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone, nor were they suppressed by a dopamine infusion. Serum TSH but not alpha
      subunit levels rose during antithyroid drug therapy. Estrogens produced a partial
      reduction in serum alpha subunit concentration (presumably reflecting the
      nontumorous gonadotroph contribution to circulating alpha subunit). Dexamethasone
      completely suppressed serum TSH level but had no effect on the alpha subunit
      level, suggesting a differential feedback of glucocorticoids on TSH and alpha
      secretion. The patient was treated with pituitary irradiation rather than surgery
      because of his underlying heart disease.

PMID- 6810782
TI  - [Epidemiology of anemia in preschool children and their mothers in El Salvador].

PMID- 6810783
TI  - [Block of the autonomic nervous system in the study of sinus function].
AB  - Blockade of the autonomic nervous system by injection of propranolol (0,2 mg/Kg)
      and atropine (0,04 mg/Kg) was carried out in a series of 48 patients classified
      in 3 groups:--Group I:sinus bradycardia (22 cases)--Group II:suspected
      tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (14 cases)--Group III:suspected sinus node
      dysfunction (12 cases). Two parameters were studied after autonomic blockade:
      observed intrinsic sinus node frequency (OIF) and corrected "adjusted" sinus node
      recovery time (CASRT). The results were compared with those obtained during basal
      electrophysiological investigation. The OIF was abnormal in 26 cases (54%) and
      junctional rhythm was observed 9 times (19%). Prolongation of the post
      stimulation pause occurred in 32 cases (67%), transformation from a normal to a
      pathological pause in 15 cases and normalisation of a pathological pause in 4
      cases (8%). Sinus node recovery time did not change significantly in the other
      cases. There was a good correlation between OIF and CASRT when the OIF was
      abnormal and mediocre (48%), when the OIF was normal. The following conclusions
      were made:--CASRT improves diagnosis of organic sinus node dysfunction which may
      escape detection by basal electrophysiological investigation and excludes
      functional abnormalities.--OIF is of good diagnostic value when pathological.
      However, the integrity of sinus node function cannot be affirmed when this
      parameter is normal.

PMID- 6810784
TI  - [Analysis of interobserver variations in the estimation of myocardial volume,
      thickness and mass in right anterior oblique monoplanar angiocardiography].
AB  - The parameter derived from right anterior oblique angiocardiography (end
      diastolic and end systolic volumes, stroke volume, ejection fraction, wall
      thickness and myocardial mass) are used to decide the most appropriate management
      of cardiac disease. It is important to assess their reliability especially as
      other clinical data may be underestimated and the objective results may play a
      prominent role in the decision. Therefore, good quality cinefilms of 31 patients
      were reinterpreted by three observers (A, B and C); the contours were traced on a
      Vanguard console with an electromagnetic pet and the data treated automatically
      by the SNIASS SYSCOMORAN program (Simpson's method, assimilating the left
      ventricle to an ellipsoid divided into n identical cylinders). The interobserver
      variability (A and B; A and C; B and C) was good in the assessment of end
      diastolic volume (R = 0,96; 0,98; 0,99), end systolic volume (R = 0,96; 0,96;
      0,98). On the other hand, it was poor in the measurement of wall thickness (R =
      0,63; 0,73; 0,69) and myocardial mass (R = 0,85; 0,83; 0,89). In addition, the
      ejection fraction and end systolic volume were perfectly reproducible from one
      observer to another whether or not the left ventricle was dilated. End diastolic
      volumes seemed to be more reproducible in dilated cavities (EDV greater than 104
      ml/m2). These results confirm that monoplane RAO cineangiography remains a good
      method of assessing left ventricular performance.

PMID- 6810785
TI  - [Value of the transverse section of the heart in two-dimensional echography for
      improving the reproducibility of left ventricular measurements in TM echography].

PMID- 6810786
TI  - [Study of regional left ventricular functions by cardiac equilibrium
      angioscintigraphy. Validation of a method of quantitative sector analysis].

PMID- 6810787
TI  - [Treatment of single ventricle by direct atriopulmonary anastomosis without tube
      or valve. Apropos of a case operated on].
AB  - A case of single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis operated at 20 years of age by
      direct atrio-pulmonary anastamosis is presented. This procedure in contrast to
      classical techniques does not use an intraventricular patch or a valved
      ventriculo-pulmonary conduit. It is an adaptation of the Fontan technique
      initially proposed for tricuspid atresia. The operation consisted of closing the
      right atrioventricular orifice with a piece of Dacron, suturing the pulmonary
      valves (which were stenosed) and connecting the right atrium and pulmonary artery
      by a direct anastamosis using the auricle. The clinical result remains
      satisfactory one year after surgery: the cyanosis has regressed, the functional
      tolerance is perfect, there is no hepatomegaly and the patient is in sinus
      rhythm. The technique is very simple and involves less risk to the His bundle
      than intraventricular septalisation. It should be reserved to cases of single
      ventricle with low pulmonary pressures and resistance without cardiac failure.
      The long-term prognosis depends on the tolerance of the right atrium and is, at
      present, unknown.

PMID- 6810788
TI  - [Coronary insufficiency caused by spasm with arteries injured slightly or not at
      all (31 cases)].
AB  - An epidemiological and clinical study was carried out on 31 patients with spasm
      of normal coronary arteries. The series comprised 24 males and 7 females aged 30
      to 68 years (mean age: 48 years) with isolated resting chest pain (61 p. 100) or
      with resting and effort chest pains (39 p. 100). Their cardiovascular risk
      factors were compared to 735 unselected patients with coronary insufficiency
      undergoing coronary coronary angiography. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism (45
      p. 100) and obesity (14 p. 100) were less common but there was a higher incidence
      of smoking (74 p. 100 compared to 48 p. 100). Sixteen patients had a
      psychological test: repressed aggressivity and severe anxiety were found in all
      patients, a state of separation coincided wtih the onset of the illness in 10 of
      the 16 patients. On admission, 13 patients presented with attacks of Prinzmetal
      variant angina, with myocardial infarction in 2 cases. Eighteen patients had non
      invalidating angina with sporadic attacks. Coronary angiography was normal in 8
      patients and showed lesions with less than 50 p. 100 narrowing in the other 23
      patients. Mitral valve prolapse was found on left ventriculography in four
      patients. Exercise electrocardiography was positive in 7 out of 20 patients, and
      notably in those who had not had effort angina. All patients were treated with
      calcium antagonist drugs (25 Nifedipine, 6 Diltiazem), the efficacity of which
      was tested in 20 patients with a control ergometrine test. Thirty patients were
      followed up for 6 to 46 months (mean: 15 months). The exercise stress tests were
      repeated in the 7 patients with positive results before treatment and the results
      were negative in all cases. Twenty three patients were completely pain free or
      significantly improved, although 25 p. 100 of control tests remained positive
      (4/16). Six patients continued to have as much chest pain, and three had positive
      control tests. One patient with a negative control test developed acute
      myocardial infarction six months later in the territory of the spasm: during
      hospitalisation the ergometrine test became positive again.

PMID- 6810789
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Prinzmetal's angina pectoris by plexectomy associated with
      aortocoronary bypass. Apropos of 56 cases].
AB  - The results of coronary bypass surgery are generally not as good in Prinzmetal
      angina as in classical angina pectoris. The percentage of myocardial infarction,
      recurrent angina and death is much higher. One reason for these failures could be
      the persistence of coronary spasm. In order to prevent this, denervation of the
      pre-supra and retro aortic nerve plexuses was carried out in 56 patients (54
      male, 2 female) with Prinzmetal angina and operable coronary arterial lesions.
      Forty patients had documented coronary spasm mainly of the left anterior
      descending (20 cases) or the right coronary artery (13 cases). Surgery consisted
      of cardiac denervation associated with direct myocardial revascularisation by
      implantation of I (37 cases), 2 (13 cases) or 3 (6 cases) aorto coronary bypass
      grafts. Two deaths were observed in the perioperative period (one low output
      syndrome and one severe arrhythmia) and one myocardial infarction in the
      postoperative period. Of the 54 survivors, 49 are asymptomatic and 2 have
      recurrent spontaneous angina. Exercise electrocardiography in 44 patients was
      negative in 40 cases. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings (Holter method)
      in 33 patients was negative for ischemia and of 25 bypass grafts controlled, 24
      were patent. Seventy five methylergometrine provocation tests were performed:
      only 2 were positive, both in patients with recurrent attacks. Therefore, with
      respect to the total numbers of recurrent angina (2), post operative infarction
      (I), peri and post operative deaths (3), the percentage of poor results was only
      10,7 p. 100, almost three times lower than in previously reported series. In
      conclusion, we can say that the association of cardiac denervation with coronary
      bypass surgery significantly improves the percentage of good results (89,3 p. 100
      of patients presenting with Prinzmetal angina).

PMID- 6810790
TI  - [Effect of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) on accessory conduction bundles].
AB  - The effects of an injection of 40 mg of ATP were studied in 48 subjects with an
      overt or latent preexcitation syndrome. The results showed that the slowing of
      anterograde or retrograde conduction by ATP was not specific for nodal
      conduction. This phenomenon was observed in conduction through Kent bundles with
      long refractory periods and the possibility of preexcitation due to the
      association of James and Mahaim fibres should also be considered.

PMID- 6810791
TI  - [Cardiac toxicity of ajmaline. Comparison of acute voluntary poisoning with
      complications of the ajmaline test].
AB  - A comparative and retrospective study of 59 cases of acute voluntary self
      poisoning observed at the Toxicology Department of Fernand Widal Hospital, and 15
      cases of complications of the Ajmaline test observed in the Cardiology Department
      of Bichat Hospital showed a similarity in the cardiac effects of high dosage
      regardless of the mode of administration of the antiarrhythmic. Acute suicidal
      poisoning in adults or accidental poisoning in children caused toxic effects at
      doses over more than Ig: they are characterised by their sudden onset after a
      latent period of 1 to 2 hours and their short duration (no effects after the 12th
      hour). The ECG changes included:--First degree atrioventricular block (15 p.
      100).--Intraventricular conduction defects were observed in almost all cases.
      They were proportional to the dose taken and were of prognostic interes (no
      cardiac arrests when the QRS remained less then 0,2 sec).--ST-T wave changes were
      observed in all patients. They lasted longer and were of no prognostic
      importance.--Extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia are nearly always
      associated with poor hemodynamic tolerance (70 p. 100 of cardiac arrests,
      compared to only 16 p. 100 in this absence). This intoxication is serious with a
      mortality of 24 p. 100 of the reported cases and of 9 p. 100 of cases admitted to
      an Intensive Care Unit.--The complications of the Ajmaline test were similar, the
      time of apparition being a few minutes instead of a few hours. There were no
      deaths or serious hemodynamic complications in this series. This is without doubt
      related to the observation of the contraindications and the fractional
      administration of the Ajmaline. We conclude that oral Ajmaline, though well
      tolerated at therapeutic does may cause severe toxic overdose effects. Although
      its use remains justified in the treatment of arrhythmias, it should not be used
      for the symptomatic treatment of palpitations and neurovegetative imbalance.

PMID- 6810792
TI  - [Cutaneous cholesterol in the young and aged coronary patient].
AB  - Serum cholesterol (ch), its lipoprotein fractions and triglycerides were measured
      in three populations of proven coronary patients (less than 50 years, n = 56;
      between 50 and 65 years, n = 56; greater than 65 years, n = 23); the risk factor
      total ch/HDL ch was calculated. The level of skin cholesterol was also estimated
      by skin biopsy in each patient and compared to that of three control populations
      of the same age. The results indicated that 1) there was no significant
      difference in skin cholesterol of patients with myocardial infarction whatever
      their age, 2) there was a significant difference (p less than 0,001) with control
      subjects of the same age except in the over 65 population, 3) the total
      cholesterol was normal in all three groups, 4) the HDL cholesterol of coronary
      patients over 50 year old was normal and slightly reduced in younger coronary
      patients, 5) the ratio total ch/HDL ch was increased in coronary patients under
      50, but normal after this age, 6) the triglyceride level was higher in the young
      coronary patients than in those over 50 years old. Four conclusions are drawn: 1)
      the total Ch/HDL ch ratio is a good indicator of coronary risk in patients under
      50 years old but shows less sensitive variations than the level of skin
      cholesterol, 2) the ch/HDL ch in coronary patients between 50 and 65 years old is
      normal; the only laboratory finding which correlates with the coronary event is
      skin cholesterol; after 65 years of age the skin cholesterol stabilises to the
      same levels as found in control subjects; 3) from the outset, at whatever age
      infarction occurs, skin cholesterol is increased (about 0,45 mumol/100 ngr of
      fresh skin), whilst the risk factor is higher in the younger population; 4) skin
      cholesterol shows less variation in the three coronary groups than the other
      blood parameters measured. It would therefore appear to be a very discriminating
      index of coronary atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6810793
TI  - [Coronary arteriovenous fistula. Apropos of a case with thallium myocardial
      scintigraphy and study of pre- and postoperative myocardial metabolism].
AB  - Coronary angiography performed in a 62 year old man with spontaneous chest pain
      revealed a congenital fistula in the form of a vascular network arising from the
      proximal part of the left anterior descending artery and draining into the main
      pulmonary artery. A single severe atheromatous stenosis of the right coronary
      artery was observed. Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy at rest showed a large
      area of hypofixation in the artero-septo-apical zone. Myocardial and aorto-right
      coronary bypass, myocardial scintigraphy became almost normal, leaving a small
      antero-septal and apical deficit: myocardial metabolism returned to normal. The
      fact that lactate metabolism is a particularly sensitive index of myocardial
      hypoxia in the territory of the left coronary artery suggests a probable coronary
      steal syndrome induced by the fistula; this is probably also the cause of the
      isotopic hypofixation in the territory of the left anterior descending artery
      which emphasizes the value of Thallium myocardial scintigraphy in the study of
      congenital malformations of the coronary artery.

PMID- 6810794
TI  - [Angiographic study of the ejection fraction by thirds of systole in coronary
      patients].
AB  - The parameters of myocardial function in the initial phase of ventricular
      ejection are theoretically more sensitive than the indices calculated over the
      total systolic ejection period. The object of this study was to evaluate whether
      the calculation of the ejection fraction by thirds of systole, giving a separate
      assessment of left ventricular performance at the beginning, the middle and end
      of ejection, could reliably detect minor changes in ventricular function
      unrecognised by the usual holosystolic indices. Seventy left ventricular
      angiograms were analysed in 20 normal subjects (Group I) and 50 patients with
      coronary artery disease whose ventricular function estimated by the usual
      parameters was either decreased (Group II, 20 patients) or normal (Group III, 30
      patients). In Group I, the ejection fraction in the first third of systole
      (FE1/3) was much higher than the ejection fraction in the second third (FE2/3).
      On the other hand, in Groups II and III, all patients had a FE1/3 lower than the
      FE2/3 (specificity: 100 p. 100). In these two groups, the reduction of FE1/3 and
      the increase of FE2/3 were very significant compared to Groupe I (p less than
      0,001). The ejection fraction of the lest third was identical in the 3 groups.
      This abnormal distribution of ejection was detected in all coronary patients and
      was the only alteration of ventricular performance in each of the 30 patients in
      Group III. In this group, this abnormality was detected equally in patients with
      triple vessel disease (Subgroup III a, 20 patients) and in patients with isolated
      left anterior descending disease (Subgroup III b, 10 patients) illustrating the
      high sensitivity of this index for the detection of a minor abnormality of
      myocardial function.

PMID- 6810795
TI  - [Difficulties of persistent repolarization following normalization of the QRS
      wave in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].
AB  - The normalisation of the ventricular complex in the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome is often accompanied by changes in the repolarisation phase with a deep,
      symmetric and pointed T wave suggestive of coronary artery disease. In order to
      study this phenomenon we examined 29 cases of intermittent WPW, 13 of which had
      abnormalities of the normalised complex. Normalisation occurred spontaneously on
      10 occasions, twice on exercise and once after Ajmaline. In the majority of cases
      (9/13) the preexcitation was a right (4 cases) or left (5 cases) posterior
      pathway and the T waves were abnormal in the posterior leads (II, III and AVF).
      In left lateral preexcitation the T waves were negative in lead 1 and AVL. The T
      wave changes seem to be related to the topography of the preexcitation pathway.
      They gradually disappeared in the 3 cases in which preexcitation had not
      recurred. The age of the patients (11 to 45 years, average 31 years) or normal
      coronary angiography, performed in 3 cases, excluded coronary pathology as did
      the close relationship between the topography of the preexcitation and the T wave
      changes and the gradual disappearance of the abnormalities in the cases where
      preexcitation did not recur. This phenomenon, related to abnormal ventricular
      activation, seems to be comparable to the changes in ventricular repolarisation
      observed on termination of ventricular pacing, on the regression of certain
      intermittent left bundle branch blocks and perhaps, in some cases, of the post
      ventricular tachycardia syndrome.

PMID- 6810796
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse: do rhythm disorders have an electrophysiologic
      substratum?].
AB  - The mechanism of arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is still unclear. The
      aim of this study was to determine if there were electrophysiological features
      common to patients with MVP. Eighteen patients with MVP documented on echo and
      angiocardiography underwent electrophysiological investigation. The series
      comprised 5 patients with ventricular arrhythmias and 5 with supraventricular
      arrhythmias, two of whom had ECG appearances of the Wolff-Parkinson-White,
      syndrome, and one a short PR interval. The RR interval, PR interval, intraatrial
      conduction (PA), atrio-hisian conduction (AH), intraventricular conduction (HV)
      the effective refractory periods of the atrium, AV node and ventricle, and the
      corrected sinus node recovery time were measured in the MVP group and in 20
      presumed normal control subjects. There was a significant increase in the PR
      interval (p less than 0,05) at the expense of nodal conduction (AH) in the MVP
      group. In addition the Wenckebach point was significantly lower in this group.
      The other electrophysiological parameters in spontaneous rhythm and the atrial,
      AV nodal and ventricular refractory periods were the same in both groups. Sinus
      node function was comparable in both groups. In two patients without paiviously
      documented tachycardia, junctional tachycardia was initiated by provocative
      stimulation. However, no ventricular arrhythmias could be induced by pacing. A
      large number of preexcitation syndromes was observed in the MVP group (4/18),
      including one case of a latent Kent bundle, in patients with paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardias. On the other hand, the value of
      electrophysiological investigation seems to be limited for clarifying the
      mechanisms of the ventricular arrhythmias, probably because of their
      endomyocardial origin. Nevertheless, hemodynamic investigation showed
      abnormalities of left ventricular contraction in 4 of the 5 patients with
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6810797
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin and N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-morpholinosydnonomine on the
      walls of large arteries].
AB  - Systemic arterial compliance was measured in 20 patients with left ventricular
      failure due to congestive cardiomyopathy. The method consisted in evaluating
      arterial compliance by analysing the exponential fall of the arterial pressure
      curve on a simple visco-elastic model. In the patient group, significant
      correlations were found between arterial compliance and age (r = 0,64 ; p less
      than 0,01) and arterial compliance and systolic blood pressure (r = -0,58 ; p
      less than 0,001). These relationships suggest that arterial compliance depends on
      the height of the systolic blood pressure and/or the elasticity of the arterial
      walls. Two groups of patients were defined : Group I (10 patients) given a single
      oral dose of 7,5 mg of nitroglycerine (Lenitral), and Group II (10 patients)
      giben a single oral dose of 4 mg N ethoxycarbonyl-3-morpholinosydnonomine
      (Molsidomine). There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters
      or arterial compliance between the two groups before administration of these
      drugs. However, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower (p less than
      0,01) and compliance significantly higher (p less than 0,05) after treatment in
      Group II. In Group I, nitroglycerine caused a significant increase in compliance
      (p less than 0,01), a significant decrease in systolic (p less than 0,02) and
      mean blood pressure (p less than 0,05) whilst heart rate, cardiac output and
      total systemic resistance remained unchanged. In Group II, Molsidomine caused a
      significant increase in arterial compliance (p less than 0,01), a decrease in
      systolic (p less than 0,001), diastolic (p less than 0,01) and mean blood
      pressure (p less than 0,01) and in cardiac output (p less than 0,01), whilst
      heart rate and total systemic resistance remained unchanged. This study shows
      that both drugs studied had significant effects on the walls of the large
      arteries.

PMID- 6810798
TI  - [Immediate and long-term effects of prazosin on hemodynamics in chronic cardiac
      insufficiency].
AB  - Prazosine was studied in the treatment of chronic heart failure in 17 patients.
      The immediate effects were a reduction in pulmonary capillary pressure (22,9+/
      8,8 mmHg to 15,5+/-7,4 mmHg, p less than 0,001), mean pulmonary artery pressure
      (34,2+/-10,6 mmHg to 23,8+/-9,2 mmHg, p less than 0,001), an increase in cardiac
      index (2,13+/-0,5 to 2,70+/-0,68 l/mn/m2 p less than 0,01), a reduction in mean
      systolic blood pressure (95,6+/-12,9 to 80,8+/-10,6 mmHg, p less than 0,001) and
      systemic resistance (1983+/-464 to 1 370+/-406 dynes.sec.cm-5). Heart rate did
      not change significantly. The long-term effects were assessed after 2 months
      continuous treatment in 14 patients. There was a clear-cut symptomatic
      improvement in the patients. This was without doubt related to the increase in
      cardiac output (+24 p. 100) which persisted at long term. On the other hand, the
      preload rose to its pre-treatment levels as did the blood pressure. This study
      confirms the value of Prazosine in the long-term treatment of chronic cardiac
      failure.

PMID- 6810799
TI  - [The role of spasm in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death.
      Indications for future research and treatment].
AB  - Recent concepts on the role of coronary artery spasm and other forms of
      vasoconstriction in coronary artery disease are studied with particular reference
      to episodes of transient ischemia and their therapeutic implications. The
      possible contribution of spasm and other obstructive mechanisms such as platelet
      agregation, to the different forms of angina, myocardial infarction and sudden
      death, is analysed in the light of clinical observations, some of which have not
      previously been reported. Based on these concepts and clinical considerations,
      new orientations for future research and treatment are suggested. In our series,
      long term treatment of coronary artery disease with the association of nitrate
      derivatives are suggested. In our series, long term treatment of coronary artery
      disease with the association of nitrate derivatives and calcium antagonists has
      led to a reduction in mortality and in the incidence of myocardial infarction
      over periods ranging from 2 to 4 years.

PMID- 6810800
TI  - [Treatment of a severe coronary artery spasm, refractory to complete denervation
      of the heart (autotransplantation)].
AB  - The case reported is that of a 49 year old man with very severe Prinzmetal angina
      due to spasm of the left circumflex artery. Despite intensive medical treatment
      he continued to suffer frequent attacks with atrioventricular block. As
      plexectomy was not possible in this case, complete cardiac denervation was
      performed. After surgery, he had no further attacks and continuous ECG monitoring
      showed no ischemic phenomena. Nevertheless, a stress test was still able to
      induce spasm of the same artery which was painless but associated with ECG
      changes. Eighteen months postoperatively, resting angina recurred with positive
      stress tests giving painful attacks. Four hypotheses are discussed: 1) the local
      factor was very important, with a zone of hyperactivity on the left circumflex
      artery, 2) one of the mechanisms of coronary artery spasm could be the nervous
      stimulation of this zone, 3) this zone was insensitive to nervous stimulation
      after autotransplantation but remained sensitive to methylergometrine, 4) the
      recurrence of resting angina and painful symptoms on stress testing suggests the
      possibility of reinnervation of the heart, as has been shown after cardiac
      transplantation, the autonomic nervous system does not play the role generally
      attributed to it in the genesis of spasm.

PMID- 6810801
TI  - [Aortic insufficiency caused by incomplete rupture of the ascending aorta.
      Conservative surgical treatment].
AB  - Commissural disorganisation secondary to incomplete rupture of the ascending
      aorta was found at surgery for massive aortic incompetence in a young man with
      previous hypertension. The lesions were repared by a conservative procedure with
      an excellent result 3 years after surgery. Incomplete spontaneous rupture of the
      ascending aorta occurs in the same terrain as dissection of the aorta
      (hypertension, aortic media necrosis) of which it represents a minor form. It may
      remain asymptomatic but it is usually complicated either by secondary
      intrapericardial rupture, by aortic aneurysm or by aortic incompetence due to
      valvular prolapse. When valvular prolapse is associated with another lesion which
      aggravates the regurgitation (aortic valve disease, aortic ring dilatation)
      aortic valve replacement should be performed with a prosthesis; on the other
      hand, when commissural disorganisation giving rise to valvular prolapse is the
      cause, a conservative procedure may be envisaged.

PMID- 6810802
TI  - [Wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiographic study of the thoracic aorta and its
      branches].

PMID- 6810803
TI  - [Long-term results of isolated anterior interventricular bypasses: analysis of
      the prognostic factors. Apropos of a series of 187 patients operated on between].
AB  - A total of 187 patients underwent isolated aorto-left anterior descending artery
      (LAD) bypass grafting with the internal saphenous vein (ISV) (= 65) and left
      internal mammary artery (IM) (n = 122). The respective indications of the two
      techniques were not systematized: the comparison of the main preoperative data of
      the two groups showed a statistically higher number of risk factors (p less than
      0,01), more multivessel coronary lesions (p less than 0,02) and more patients
      with dyskinetic left ventricles (p less than 0,05) in the ISV bypass group. There
      were no statistical differences between the two groups in early postoperative
      mortality (IM: 0,8 p. 100, ISV: 1,5 p. 100), early postoperative infarction (IM:
      2,5 p. 100, ISV: 1,5 p. 100), or late postoperative infarction (IM: 3,8 p. 100,
      ISV: 2,6 p. 100). The survival rates in the two groups were very similar with a
      global 90 p. 100 survival at 5 years and 78 p. 100 at 9 years. A comparison of
      the functional result in the two groups did not reveal significant difference:
      globally, 56 p. 100 of patients had no recurrence of angina 5 years, and 41 p.
      100 after 9 years. Age, sex previous infarction, the number of cardiovascular
      risk factors, the technique used, had no prognostic significance on survival or
      on the quality of the postoperative functional results, contrary to the quality
      of left ventriculography and the number of coronary stenoses (83 subjects with
      isolated LAD disease, 104 subjects with multiple vessel disease). Nevertheless,
      patients with multiple coronary lesions had their vital prognosis improved
      (annual mortality less than 3 p. 100) compared to the spontaneous risk by
      isolated isolated aorto-LAD artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 6810804
TI  - [Value of correction by receiving gains in the determination of mitral valve
      surface area by two-dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - Distorsion due to inappropriate gain settings interferes significantly with the
      measurement of mitral valve surface area by 2D echocardiography. The problem is
      general and applies equally to all makes of echocardiographs whether they are
      mechanical or phased array scanners. The measured mitral surface area may even be
      false if the level of the recording gain is disregarded. We established a graph
      of the global distorsion of a system comprising an Aloka SSD 800 phased array
      sector scanner and a Tektronics hard copy recorder using a "tissue-equivalent"
      model and only varying the level of gain. Using these results a computerised
      program for automatic correction of the mitral surface area, with respect to the
      gain level used, was developed. The program was validated on a series of 56
      patients with mitral stenosis by comparison with the catheter results obtained
      with the Gorlin formula, peroperative and pathological findings on resected
      valves. With this echo system in the zone of gain settings studied there was a
      significant underestimation of the uncorrected surface area. After correction,
      the distinction between severe and moderate stenosis was better and an improved
      correlation with the anatomical surface area was obtained. It would therefore
      appear necessary to calibrate the system used taking both the echocardiography
      and the recorder into account. Despite certain limitations, we believe that
      distorsion curves could be established using "tissus-equivalent" models.

PMID- 6810805
TI  - [Effect of valve replacement on left ventricular volume, mass and functioning in
      aortic stenosis].

PMID- 6810806
TI  - [Posterobasal infarction and right bundle branch block: value of computerized
      vectorcardiography].
AB  - The object of this study was to determine the vectocardiographic criteria of
      posterobasal myocardial infarction associated with right bundle branch block.
      Seventeen patients were examined; all had clinical and enzymatic evidence of
      myocardial infarction, associated with the unusual appearances of right bundle
      branch block with an isolated R wave in V1 and V2. The Frank X, Y, and Z axes
      were treated by computer to obtain a detailed octonal study of the QRS and T
      loops. Vectors of special interest were determined: the maximum maximorum vector
      and the QRS half surface vector (module, azimuth, elevation, appearance time).
      The octonal and total surface are of the QRS and T loops and the spatial angle of
      the maximal vectors of the two loops were calculated. These cases were
      characterised by clockwise rotation of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane. The
      maximal QRS vector had a decrease module (1,29 mV +/- 0,49), an azimuth greater
      than 20 degrees (42,8 degree +2- 20,3) an appearance time of 55,7 +/- 12,1, and
      an elevation which was either positive or negative depending on the presence or
      absence of an associated left anterior hemiblock. The half-surface vector was
      superimposed on the maximal vector: module (1,09 mV +/- 0,39), azimuth (45,2
      degrees 23,5(and appearance time (62,0 +/- 11,7 ms). The posterior surfaces were
      nil or negligible (less than 1 p. 100). The T loop had a clockwise rotation in
      the horizontal plane and its maximal vector projected anteriorly in 8 patients.
      The appearances observed in these 17 cases were different to those of isolated
      right bundle branch block. The classical causes of anterior ORS loops could be
      excluded easily: right ventricular hypertrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
      intraventricular conduction defect. The following criteria were retained in the
      diagnosis of posterobasal infarction associated with right bundle branch block:-
      principally, clockwise rotation of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane;-
      anterior displacement of the maximal vector with an azimuth of over 20 degrees;-
      disappearance of the posterior forces;--associated with the usual criteria of
      right bundle branch block;--clockwise rotation of the T wave loop in the
      horizontal plane.

PMID- 6810807
TI  - [[Abnormal development of systolic blood pressure during exercise.
      Electrocardiographic and angiographic correlations].

PMID- 6810808
TI  - [Nodoventricular Mahaim fibres. 2 cases confirmed by electrophysiological study].
AB  - Two adolescents with no obvious cardiac were investigated for paroxysmal
      tachycardia at a rate of about 200/mn with wide QRS complexes showing left bundle
      branch block, reduced by vagal manoeuvres. Atrial pacing showed shortening of the
      HV interval associated with widening of the QRS complex to appearances identical
      to those of the tachycardia, suggesting right ventricular preexcitation masked in
      sinus rhythm. The progressive prolongation of the atrio-ventricular conduction
      time with increasing prematurity of the extrastimulus and atrioventricular block
      after intravenous injection of ATP were more in favour of right nodo-ventricular
      Mahaim fibres (NV) than a Kent bundle. These properties of the NV pathway and the
      recording of a "gap" phenomenon during the measurement of the refractory period
      of the accessory pathway are explained by the proximal part of the AV node not
      being short-circuited. Paroxysmal tachycardia was easily induced by atrial and
      ventricular stimulation; the tachycardia QRS complexes always showed appearances
      of left bundle branch block with a His potential at the onset of the ventricular
      complex. The NV pathway therefore always depolarised in the anterograde direction
      in tachycardia; the retrograde pathway is discussed: His, latent Kent bundle or
      purely intranodal reentry.

PMID- 6810809
TI  - [Right atrial rupture caused by closed chest injury].
AB  - A case of right atrial laceration secondary to closed chest trauma is reported.
      Thirteen cases treated surgically with success have previously been reported.
      Rupture of a cardiac chamber represents 64 p. 100 of cardiac events after closed
      chest trauma; the right atrium is involved in 61 p. 100 of atrial lesions, either
      at the auricle or at the veno-atrial junction. The diagnosis is often difficult
      due to the gravity of associated lesions but it should be suspected
      systematically. In the absence of a pericardial laceration tamponade may develop;
      when associated wih pericardial rupture, a recurrent hemothorax may be observed.
      The emergency surgery should be performed through a median sternotomy or an
      anterior thoracotomy. Although repair may be possible on the beating heart,
      cardiopulmonary bypass is extremely useful for repair and exploration of the
      coronary vessels in the atrioventricular groove. The prognosis depends on the
      rapidity of patient transport and the speed of diagnosis.

PMID- 6810810
TI  - [Implantation of a pacemaker and superior vena cava anomalies: value of
      peroperative angiocardiography].
AB  - Rare abnormalities of systemic venous return may be encountered during the
      implantation of endocardiac pacemakers such as persistent left superior vena
      cava. Our patient, a 66 year old female, had, primary cardiomyopathy with sinus
      node dysfunction, left bundle branch block and a cardiothoracic ratio of 0,70.
      After left subclavian venous puncture the catheter seemed to advance down the
      left border of the cardiac shadow and a false route was suggested?
      Angiocardiography was performed immediately and showed a double superior caval
      system and allowed identification of the right ventricular apex. The electrode
      was positioned via a left SVC, coronary sinus, right atrium, right ventricle
      trajectory. Control angiocardiography was performed 1 year later and showed both
      the left SVC and coronary sinus to be still patent. The follow-up period is now
      20 months. There have been 13 other reports of implantation using the left SVC;
      they include 4 short term failures, one late failure at 23 months, and one
      fatality after 2 months due to massive thrombosis of the coronary sinus. Seven
      good results were confirmed with follow-up of 3 to 16 months. The use of "tined"
      ventricular electrodes reduces the risk of secondary electrode displacement.

PMID- 6810811
TI  - [Immunohistochemical localization of renin in segmental renal hypoplasia].

PMID- 6810812
TI  - [Urinary thromboxane B2 in hypertensive patients].
AB  - Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a vasoconstrictor synthetized by the kidney. Its role in
      hypertension is unknown. We measured urinary TxB2 (the metabolite of renal TxA2)
      by radioimmunoassay and studied renal functions in 15 borderline, 15 sustained
      essential hypertensive patients and 12 age-matched normotensive subjects (6 young
      and 6 older adults). Results were as follows: Normotensive subjects: Mean
      arterial blood pressure (MBP) 97 +/- 2 mmHg, urinary TxB2 (UTxB2V) 159 +/- 12
      pg/min, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 120 +/- 8 ml/min, sodium excretion
      (UNaV) 73 +/- 9 mueq/min. Hypertensive patients: MBP 115 +/- 2 mmHg (p less than
      0,001 vs controls), UTxB2V 298 +/- 24 pg/min (p less than 0,005), GFR 128 +/- 6
      ml/min, UNaV 51 +/- 4 mueq/min (p less than 0.02). There was a positive
      significant correlation between UTxB2V and GFR (p less than 0,005) and between
      UTxB2V and UNaV (p less than 0,005) in hypertensive but not in normotensive
      subjects. There was no correlation between GFR and UNaV in either group.
      CONCLUSION: 1. Urinary (i.e. renal) TxB2 is significantly elevated in
      hypertensive patients; 2. TxA2 may be a mediator of pressure natriuresis.

PMID- 6810813
TI  - [Changes in heart rate and blood pressure in a series of normotensive subjects
      before and after beta-blocker treatment (double-blind) during physical, dynamic,
      static and psychosensorial stress].
AB  - 23 normotensive subjects in good health are submitted to a "test de l'expose" and
      17 others are submitted to a test on an ergometric bicycle and a hand grip stress
      test. These tests are performed twice at one week interval, with or without
      treatment with acebutolol, in double blind. HR,SBP and DBP are measured
      simultaneously before, during and after each test. Every stress is responsible
      for a marked increase in the parameters according to different modalities. With
      ACEBUTOLOL treatment, during the test described and during dynamic stress on
      ergometric bicycle, HR and SBP are always less elevated. The decreases are
      dependent either on the stress level or on the reactivity of the subjects. DBP is
      however basely modified. Under static stress, there is a decrease in HR, in SBP,
      but also in DBP; actually increase in this parameter is important during this
      type of stress.

PMID- 6810814
TI  - [Automatic non-ambulatory measurement of arterial pressure. Computer data
      analysis of the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment].
AB  - To gain a better understanding of the therapeutic effect of HTA, the present
      study reports a new method essentially based on the non invasive non ambulatory
      monitoring of blood pressure by the Dinamap 845. This apparatus was initially
      assayed towards the measure of invasive blood pressure and by the auscultatory
      method, and afterwards towards the analysis of approximately one hundred
      resulting data. The computer analysis of the data was performed using a
      microcomputer which gives the results as: time dependent curves over 24 hr;
      histograms, percentage of the values of HTA (above 140 mmHg for the systolic and
      90 mmHg for the diastolic one); numeric data such as: average values, SEM... The
      method reported here appears to be convenient to follow new therapeutic treatment
      because the data obtained before and after treatment proved to be more rigorous
      and less varying upon the physician. This kind of investigation seems also
      helpful in the case of both hypertensive emergencies and treatment of those HTA
      which are difficult to stabilize. But it is thought to be not easily applied to
      all the hypertensions studied in the usual medical practise.

PMID- 6810815
TI  - [Changes in the physical properties of the arterial system and left ventricular
      performance with age and in permanent arterial hypertension: their
      interrelation].
AB  - The purpose of this work was to study interactions between physical properties of
      the arterial system and left ventricular performance during aging in normal and
      in hypertensive patients. 50 patients were studied; 28 normal patients (age range
      22 to 68 years) and 22 patients with essential hypertension (age range 23 to 63
      years). In hypertensive patients, the end systolic pressure-volume ratio
      (ESP/ESV), modulus of chamber stiffness (kp), left ventricular wall thickness
      (h), mass (m), m/LVEDV ratio (LVEDV: left ventricular end diastolic volume),
      systemic arterial resistance (SAR), pulse wave velocity (C) and characteristic
      impedance of the ascending aorta (Zc) were increased compared to normal subjects
      of similar age. The ejection fraction (EF), the mean velocity of fiber shortening
      (VCF) and dp/dt max were unchanged. In normal patients: the ESP/ESV ratio, kp, h,
      m, m/LVEDV ratio, SAR, C and Zc increased with age; there were no age related
      changes in EF, VCF or dp/dt max. In both groups, there was a close relationship
      between the m/LVEDV ratio and Zc, the characteristic impedance of the ascending
      aorta. These results suggest that: 1. aging and arterial hypertension lead to
      similar changes in the physical properties of the arterial system and in left
      ventricular performance; 2. in both cases, the development of concentric cardiac
      hypertrophy is closely related to the physical properties of the arterial system.

PMID- 6810816
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the functional signs of arterial hypertension].
AB  - Influence of blood pressure levels on the prevalence of symptoms was studied in a
      group of 1771 untreated hypertensive patients referred to the Saint-Joseph
      Hypertension Clinic in Paris. Information on symptoms was obtained from a
      standardized physician-conducted interview during the patient's first visit at
      the Outpatient Clinic. The most frequent symptoms were headaches (40.5 p. 100),
      palpitations (28.5 p. 100), nocturia (20.4 p. 100) and dizziness (20.8 p. 100).
      Except for nocturia, symptom prevalence was higher in females than males. In
      males as well as in females, no correlation was found between blood pressure
      level and the presence of headaches, dizziness and palpitations when results were
      adjusted for age. In contrast, the relationship between two behavioural
      characteristics, anxiety and lack of regular physical activity, and symptom
      prevalence was more pronounced than the relationship with the blood pressure
      level itself. Moreover symptom prevalence differed significantly between the five
      permanent physicians of the Clinic; comparison of results obtained by physician
      conducted interview and self administered questionnaire indicated that difference
      between physicians were not due to difference in patient's characteristics but to
      differences in physician behaviour.

PMID- 6810817
TI  - [Demonstration of enkephalins in pheochromocytoma].
AB  - Adrenal medulla has recently been shown to contain high concentrations of
      enkephalin immunoreactive peptides. In the present study, we report the levels of
      M-ENK and L-ENK in extracts from 6 cases of human pheochromocytoma. The molecular
      forms of M-ENK have been characterized by gel filtration chromatography and HPLC.
      mRNA extracted from one tumor has been proved to code for a 80,000 kilo daltons
      protein containing M-ENK sequence. M-ENK immunoreactive peptides are secreted in
      the culture medium of dispersed cultured cells of human pheochromocytoma. This
      secretion is stimulated when nicotine (10(5) M) is added to the medium. However,
      the level of plasma M-ENK in pheochromocytoma patients is not significantly
      different from normal patients. Data from Holaday and al. have established that
      naloxone (an opiate antagonist) has a beneficial role in shock. But the origin
      and meaning of plasma M-ENK remain to be established.

PMID- 6810818
TI  - [Acute hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin in severe or malignant hypertension].
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of Prostacyclin (PGI2) was investigated in 7 patients
      with severe or malignant hypertension. Cardiac output (dilution method), arterial
      blood pressure and total blood volume (TBV, radio-albumin dilution method) were
      measured before and during a PGI2 infusion, the effective dose ranging from 10 to
      20 ng/kg/min. Cardiac index(CI) rose from 2.8 to 3.9 1/min/m2 and heart rate (HR)
      from 75 to 94 beats/min (p less than 0.01) Mean blood pressure decreased from 154
      to 120 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistances from 4650 to
      2540 dynes.s.cm-5 (p less than 0.001). The ratio: central blood volume/total
      blood volume increased from 0.21 to 0.26 (p less than 0.001). The results confirm
      that PGI2 produces a potent vasodilatation of the systemic compartment with a
      marked decrease in blood pressure; however the antihypertensive effect is blunted
      by the increase in CI mainly related to the increase in HR; significant central
      translocation of blood suggests that PGI2 does not produce dilatation of the
      capacitance vessels. Sympathetic nervous system is highly stimulated by PGI2 very
      likely through the baroreceptor system.

PMID- 6810819
TI  - [Changes in blood pressure figures after a 5-year interval. Analysis of factors
      for predicting future hypertensives].
AB  - 11 351 adults were observed five years after a first multiphasic screening at the
      centre de medecine preventive in Nancy (France). 1 424 became hypertensive. A
      discriminant analysis was performed on the predictive value within five years of
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum cholesterol, and
      uric acid, and heart rate. A discriminant variable was calculated by combination
      of all these parameters. Blood pressure seemed to have by far a stronger
      discriminative power than all the other variables though they were already
      disturbed at first screening. Discriminant variable is more predictive than each
      variable separately. However, further studies should be needed on the predictive
      value of pathophysiologic factors of hypertension before warranting preventive
      use of antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 6810820
TI  - [Systolic arterial hypertension: demonstration and mechanism in obliterating
      arteriopathy of the lower extremities].
AB  - Hemodynamic parameters were measured in 24 patients with arteriosclerosis
      obliterans of the lower limbs, in comparison with 16 normal subjects of same age.
      Systemic arterial compliance was estimated from a simple visco-elastic model. In
      patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, systolic pressure was significantly
      increased (P less than 0.001) while diastolic pressure remained within normal
      ranges. Arterial compliance was reduced (P less than 0.01) and was negatively
      correlated with systolic pressure (r = -0.72). Intravenous administration of
      nitroglycerin significantly decreased systolic pressure (P less than 0.05) and
      increased arterial compliance (P less than 0.01) without any change in mean
      arterial pressure. This study provided evidence that, in patients with
      arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs, the reduced systemic arterial
      compliance contributes in the increase in systolic pressure.

PMID- 6810821
TI  - [Comparative hemodynamic effects of 2 vasodilators: dihydralazine and diltiazem
      in permanent essential arterial hypertension].
AB  - Cardiac hemodynamic and diameter, blood flow velocity, volumic flow of the
      brachial artery measured by pulsed Doppler, were studied before and after
      diltiazem administration in comparison with dihydralazine in hypertensive
      patients. After diltiazem administration, blood pressure and total peripheral
      resistance significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) while cardiac index and
      heart rate increased (P less than 0.01). After 25 minutes perfusion cardiac
      output and heart rate returned toward control values, while blood pressure and
      total peripheral resistance remained decreased. The result contrasted with those
      observed after dihydralazine, which induced an increase in cardiac index and
      heart rate. The caliber of the brachial artery decreased significantly (P less
      than 0.001) after dihydralazine and increased after diltiazem (P less than 0.01).
      This study shows that 1). The antihypertensive effect of diltiazem was due to a
      fall in total peripheral resistance associated with a transient baroreflex
      mediated tachycardia, and 2) diltiazem dilated also large arteries.

PMID- 6810822
TI  - [Acute hemodynamic effects of betaxolol in uncomplicated arterial hypertension in
      young persons].
AB  - Acute hemodynamic changes induced by Betaxolol (B.) were studied in 10 patients
      (7 men, 3 women, mean age: 36 years), with uncomplicated essential hypertension.
      The brachial artery was cannulated with a short Teflon catheter and Swan-Ganz
      catheter was introduced into the pulmonary artery. Brachial (BAP) and Pulmonary
      arterial pressures (PAP), cardiac output (dye dilution) were recorded before (To)
      and after intravenous infusion of B. (0.2 mg/kg) during 5 minutes (T1), followed
      by the infusion of B. at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg during 15 minutes (T2). Cardiac
      index (C.I.), Stroke index (S.I.), Systemic Vascular (SVR) and Pulmonary Vascular
      Resistances (PVR), Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index (LVSWI) were calculated.
      C.I. declined significantly. This resulted from a significant decrease of heart
      rate, since S.I. was unsignificantly changed. BAP (systolic and mean) decreased
      significantly, since unsignificant changes of PAP were noted. SVR and PVR were
      significantly increased and LVSWI was significantly decreased. Plasmatic Renin
      Activity was unsignificantly decreased.

PMID- 6810823
TI  - [Relation between alcohol consumption and arterial hypertension: epidemiologic
      approach. By the Task Force on Lyons Action in the Prevention of Hypertension and
      Atherosclerosis].
AB  - We have examined the association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure
      (BP) in a working population of 723 men aged 20 to 59 years. Both systolic and
      diastolic BP increased with increasing alcohol consumption, and so di the
      prevalence of BP greater than or equal to 160/94 mm Hg. In subjects younger than
      40 years, the univariate alcohol-BP association was less conspicuous, although
      statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that the association was
      independent of age, relative weight, and educational level in subjects aged 40
      59, while it became non significant in younger subjects. The multiple regression
      coefficient indicated that an average daily consumption of 12 ml of alcohol would
      increase systolic BP by 1.4 mm Hg. In subjects aged 50 to 59 years, a slightly
      higher BP in nondrinkers than in moderate drinkers was probably due to a higher
      prevalence of obesity among the former. These findings suggest that control of
      alcohol consumption is a means of preventing essential hypertension, along with
      control of salt intake and adiposity.

PMID- 6810824
TI  - [Moderate systolic hypertension in elderly subjects. Results of a 10-year
      longitudinal study].

PMID- 6810825
TI  - [The Lyons Group for the Campaign against Hypertension. Evaluation of subjects
      initially hypertensive. By the Lyons Cooperative Group in the Campaign against
      Hypertension].
AB  - A Community Control Program of Hypertension started in Lyon in 1972, as part of a
      WHO program. It dealt with two occupational, Study and Reference, populations,
      each amounting to about 12500 subjects. Its goal was to improve the level of
      treatment of hypertension in the Study population, by stimulating the usual
      health care system without modifying it (and so were the treatments decided and
      chosen by the GP's). The level of treatment was the same in both populations in
      1972. 59% of the subjects found hypertensive at the 1972 total screening in both
      populations could be reexamined in 1977. After standardisation for age and sex,
      the percentages of treated subjects among those still hypertensive in 1977 were
      63,0 and 46,1 respectively in the Study and Reference populations (p. less than
      0.001). It is concluded that the level of treatment of hypertension in the
      population can be appreciably improved by a stimulation of the currently
      available health care system.

PMID- 6810826
TI  - [Implication of enkephalins in central cardiovascular regulation in the rat].
AB  - [D-ala2]-met-enkephalinamide injected intracisternally in anaesthetized rats
      induced a centrally-mediated increase in blood pressure. The pressor response
      appeared to be due to activation of opiate receptors and mediated through the
      sympathetic nervous system. The hypotension observed with high doses may be
      induced by the respiratory depression. The intracisternal injection of an
      antagonist of opioid compounds (diprenorphine) caused a similar blood pressure
      decrease in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar
      Kyoto rats (WKY). Our data suggest a central pressor effect of enkephalins in
      anaesthetized rats. This represents an important argument concerning a role of
      endogenous opioids in blood pressure control but suggests that brain stem
      endogenous opioids may not be involved in the mechanism of hypertension.

PMID- 6810827
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on vascular reactivity: study on the isolated and perfused
      rat kidney].

PMID- 6810828
TI  - [Incidence and fetal impact of hypertension in pregnancy: study of 2996
      pregnancies].
AB  - To evaluate the incidence and the foetal effects of gestational hypertension, we
      studied 2 996 pregnancies with a single live birth in mothers selected on the
      basis of 1) a documented diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg before
      the 16th week of amenorrhea and 2) no history of hypertension or kidney disease.
      In 38,4% of the gravidas, the highest DBP during pregnancy was greater than or
      equal to 90 mmHg, and in 15,4% this level was reached twice or more. Gestational
      hypertension (two DBP readings greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) was more
      frequent in nullipara than in mothers with previous pregnancies (17,9 versus
      12,4%, p less than 0,01) and its incidence tended to decrease with increasing
      maternal age. Irrespective of parity or maternal age, a significant increase in
      the percentage of small for gestational age infants was associated with
      increasing DBP levels: 3,2, 6,4 and 8,5% when the highest recorded DBP was less
      than 90 mmHg, equal to 90 mmHg (even at one single reading), or greater than or
      equal to 100 mmHg respectively (p less than 0,001). Very similar percentages were
      obtained in non-proteinuric pregnancies: 3,3, 6,5 and 7,8 respectively (p less
      than 0.001). Non-proteinuric gestational hypertension, even mild or transitory,
      is indicative of a high risk pregnancy and requires close medical supervision.

PMID- 6810829
TI  - [Implication of anterior hypothalamic dopamine in the regulation of arterial
      pressure].
AB  - The anterior hypothalamus is essential for the normal carotid sinus baroreceptor
      reflex. The dopamine innervation to this region is a projection from the
      dopaminergic A 14 cell group of the rostral hypothalamus. The anterior
      hypothalamic/preoptic region (AH/PO) was unilaterally superfused with buffer
      containing L-DOPA (10(-4) M) and the superfusate analyzed for dopamine using
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A stable release of
      dopamine was analyzed for dopamine using liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection. A stable release of dopamine was obtained within one
      hour. When the baroreceptor reflex loop was activated, a concomitant increase in
      dopamine release was observed. Lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle by a
      knife cut significantly increased the release of dopamine for at least two hours.
      The data are compatible with a tonic noradrenergic mechanism mediating an
      inhibitory control of dopamine release in the AH/PO. This dopaminergic
      involvement may play a functional role in blood pressure control.

PMID- 6810830
TI  - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines in the dog: physiopathologic hypotheses in
      man].
AB  - Renal handling of free catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine)
      was studied in 36 hydropenic anesthetized mongrel dogs in accordance with the
      clearance technique. There was no statistically significant correlation between
      plasma concentrations and either systemic (mean blood pressure, or cardiac
      output) or renal (clearance of PAH or glomerular filtration rate) hemodynamics.
      Net tubular transport (NTT) was calculated as the difference between filtered
      load and urinary excretion for any catecholamine. The mean NTTs of free
      catecholamines were as follows: --2,72 ng/min for dopamine, --3,18 for
      norepinephrine, and --1,36 for epinephrine, showing that they are mostly
      reabsorbed. However the use of averages is misleading inasmuch as tubular
      transport of free catecholamines is a heterogeneous phenomenon: a secretion
      appears to predominate when plasma concentrations are low and a reabsorption
      predominates when they are high. Whether such a heterogeneity is due to either a
      genetic heterogeneity in mongrel dogs, or an age-related difference is discussed.

PMID- 6810831
TI  - [Vascular reactivity in young genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyons strain].
AB  - The vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and
      angiotensin II (AII) has been studied in 8 week-old male rats of the genetically
      hypertensive (LH) and normotensive (LN) Lyon strains. Vascular sensitivity was
      obtained from the blood pressure response-curves observed in urethane
      anesthetized rats having received ganglioplegics and atropine. A cocaine
      pretreatment allowed to assess the influence of a reuptake blockade on the
      responses to NA. The vascular sensitivity of NA, PE and AII was normal in LH
      rats, while the cocaine blocked reuptake process was less important in LH than in
      LN rats. When comparing these results to those, previously obtained on the
      activity of the sympathetic nervous system, it appeared that: in the young
      prehypertensive LH rat an increased sympathetic activity was associated with a
      normal vascular reactivity to NA. On the contrary, in old LH rats, with
      established hypertension, the sympathetic activity returned to normal while a
      vascular hypersensitivity to NA developed. Therefore it is concluded that the
      overall efficacy of the sympathetic nervous system is increased at all stages of
      the development of genetic hypertension in the Lyon strain.

PMID- 6810832
TI  - [Cerebral catecholamines in the genetically hypertensive rat].

PMID- 6810833
TI  - [Free and sulfoconjugated plasma catecholamines in the normal person].

PMID- 6810834
TI  - [Determination of plasma catecholamine. Effects of glucagon administration].
AB  - Basal plasma dopamine (DA), Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (E) were
      determined in controls (n = 15) essential hypertension (n = 19) and
      Pheochromocytoma (n = 9). Plasma NE was significantly higher in essential
      hypertension than in control and in 5 cases, plasma NE or E was 3 SD above mean
      control values. In 8/9 pheochromocytomas DA, E or NE were significantly elevated.
      In 1 case, catecholamine levels were within normal range during normotensive
      period. When a provocative glucagon test (1 mg I.V) was performed in controls,
      there was no change in blood pressure DA and NE levels, but a significant
      increase in plasma E 2.5 and 5 min. after injection. Similar results were
      obtained in 8/10 cases of labile hypertension. However in 2 cases plasma NE or E
      increased significantly without elevation in blood pressure. In 3/4
      pheochromocytomas under normotensive phase, blood pressure and plasma
      catecholamines increased significantly; however in 1 case, no change was
      observed.

PMID- 6810835
TI  - [Relation between salt intake and systolic pressure in children and adolescents].
AB  - This study was undertaken to demonstrate a possible intra-population salt
      intake/blood pressure relationship, using dietary assessment in 312 children (man
      age: 11 years). Salt intake was assessed through questionnaires and interviews by
      a dietician and was categorized into five salt scores. A salt intake index was
      established by a correspondence analysis. A low but significant correlation was
      found between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and salt score (0,187 in boys and
      0,240 in girls) even after controlling for weight. Twice as many children with a
      high salt intake has raised SBP then had children with a normal or low salt
      intake. Though it is weak the relationship between SBP and salt intake is
      corroborated. However, there is a great interindividual variation and it seems
      premature to advocate such massive public health recommendations as as reducing
      the sodium content of food.

PMID- 6810836
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system in essential
      hypertension].
AB  - In 112 patients with essential hypertension (HTA), free of any therapeutic and
      receiving the standard ward, a significant inverse relationship was found between
      age and plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA), measured in the
      supine and upright position. Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine were not
      related with age. When dividing the patients in 4 different age groups, it
      appeared that those younger than 30 years exhibited a significantly higher PRA
      and PA values and a higher frequency of borderline hypertension (45 p. 100) than
      the older ones (12 p. 100). So as to determine the characteristics associated
      with borderline HTA, it was necessary to eliminate the influence of age. This was
      achieved by comparing two groups of carefully age-matched patients, one with
      borderline HTA and the other with stable HTA. The only significant difference
      found was a significantly more marked increase in PRA in response to
      orthostatism, in patients with borderline HTA. Since renin responses to an
      orthostatic stress are largely mediated by renal nerves, this result suggest that
      borderline HTA could be associated with an increased reactivity of the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 6810837
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the adrenergic system in normal
      pregnancy and hypertension induced by pregnancy].
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and plasma catecholamines
      were measured in 3 groups of women with pregnancy of 20-38 weeks: group I of 16
      normotensive controls, group II of 17 women with rest responding hypertension
      (RRH) and group III of 18 women with permanent hypertension (PH) (supine blood
      pressure greater than 140-90 mmHg after 8 days of rest, disappearing after
      delivery). Studies were realized on fasting ambulatory women on a normal salt
      diet. PRA (mean +/- SEM) was significantly higher in the RRH group than in the
      control and PH groups (15,8 +/- 2,3 ng/ml/h versus 6,7 +/- 0,5 and 8,9 +/- 0,9).
      PA was higher but not significantly in the RRH group (736 +/- 122 versus 533 +/-
      52 and 502 +/- 103 pg/ml). Plasma epinephrine (PE) and norepinephrine (PNE) were
      significantly higher in the PH than in the control and RRH groups. 135 +/- 28
      pg/nl versus 56 +/- 13 and 63 +/- 17 for PE and 387 +/- 91 versus 206 +/- 32 and
      200 +/- 47 pg/ml). These data suggest that PH is linked with activation of the
      adrenergic system whereas RRH is linked with activation of the RAA system.

PMID- 6810838
TI  - Cell wall turnover in phosphate and potassium limited chemostat cultures of
      Bacillus subtilis W23.
AB  - Turnover in phosphate and potassium limited chemostat cultures of Bacillus
      subtilis W23 results in the release of over 80% of the wall material present at
      the time of chasing equilibrium-labelled cultures. The rate at which turnover
      proceeds is faster in potassium limited cultures than in phosphate limited
      cultures but in both cases a fraction of the wall material appears to be
      conserved, or to undergo turnover at a lower rate. Previously we have shown that
      the polar wall is less active metabolically than the cylindrical wall and it is
      possible that the apparently conserved wall is that present in the pole.

PMID- 6810839
TI  - Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II
      illness: a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with recurrent unipolar depression and 22 with bipolar II
      illness in remission for at least six months were randomly assigned on a double
      blind basis to treatment regimens using lithium carbonate, imipramine
      hydrochloride, lithium carbonate plus imipramine, or placebo. Lithium carbonate
      was found to help prevent depressive relapse among patients with unipolar
      disease, and relapse of any type among those with bipolar II disease. No effect
      or interaction of imipramine was found in either group. These results add to a
      growing body of data that suggest the usefulness of lithium carbonate in the
      prophylaxis of unipolar depressive illness. The relative usefulness of lithium
      carbonate and imipramine requires further study.

PMID- 6810840
TI  - Long-term lithium carbonate therapy causes hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Twelve patients taking lithium carbonate for two to 13 years were compared with
      age- and sex-matched controls to determine whether long-term lithium carbonate
      therapy is associated with alterations in calcium metabolism. As a group and
      individually, patients had significantly higher levels of serum total calcium,
      ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone. When compared with serum calcium
      levels, patients' parathyroid hormone levels were significantly more likely than
      those of controls to indicate hyperparathyroidism. Lithium carbonate-induced mild
      hyperparathyroidism appears to be more common than had previously been suspected.

PMID- 6810841
TI  - A histologic comparison of hepatitis B with non-A, non-B chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - The histopathologic aspects of 62 cases of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were
      examined to compare hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive with HBsAg
      negative (non-A, non-B) cases. Epidemiologically, the two groups were distinct.
      Homosexuals and young, male users of intravenous drugs accounted for most of the
      cases of hepatitis B CAH, whereas older men and women with a history of blood
      transfusions represented a large percentage of the HBsAg-negative cases. However,
      there were no pathologic differences between the two diseases, in severity of
      inflammatory activity, degree of architectural damage, appearance of the bile
      ducts, or prevalence of cirrhosis. In a population of hospitalized patients,
      these two diseases cannot be distinguished microscopically unless hepatocytes
      that contain HBsAg are demonstrated. Although our current understanding of non-A,
      non-B CAH is limited, the disease not necessarily remit spontaneously, and
      progression to cirrhosis can be expected in some cases.

PMID- 6810842
TI  - Feeding jejunostomy in patients with neurologic disorders.
AB  - A retrospective study of 54 patients who underwent feeding jejunostomy because of
      dysphagia on a neurologic basis was performed to determine risk factors affecting
      a postoperative mortality of 33% and six-month mortality of 67%. Advanced patient
      age, depressed preoperative level of consciousness, general anesthesia, and the
      technique of Witzel's jejunostomy were associated with increased postoperative
      level of consciousness carried an especially poor six month prognosis. It is
      concluded that a Roux-en-Y jejunostomy should be considered in patients with a
      hopelessly irreversible neurologic deficit. In all other situations, Stamm's
      jejunostomy is the feeding procedure of choice.

PMID- 6810843
TI  - Reduction of catheter-associated thrombosis in parenteral nutrition by
      intravenous heparin therapy.
AB  - A prospective trial was carried out to test the hypothesis that therapy with
      intravenous (IV) heparin sodium reduces the incidence of thrombotic complications
      related to the use of central venous catheters for parenteral nutrition. The
      patients studied were randomly allocated either to a group given heparin sodium,
      at a dosage of 5,000 IU/6 hr, or to a control group that received no heparin
      prophylaxis. The heparin group comprised 23 catheter periods (22 patients), and
      the control group 26 catheter periods (25 patients). In five of the 23 catheters
      in te heparin group and 14 of the 26 in the control group, catheter phlebography
      revealed thrombus formation in association with the catheter when this was
      removed. The results indicated that the use of IV heparin as prophylaxis against
      thrombosis reduced the risk of thrombus formation on the central venous catheter.

PMID- 6810844
TI  - Suspected deep vein thrombosis. Management by impedance plethysmography.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether patients suspected of having deep vein
      thrombosis (DVT) can be studied safely without venography, with its attendant
      expense, inconvenience, and potential risk. We used impedance plethysmography
      (IPG) in 1,464 consecutive patients suspected of having DVT, with 96% of these
      patients with normal IPGs, there were no fatal pulmonary emboli (PE). The
      incidence of nonfatal PE was 1%. In 284 outpatients suspected of having DVT, but
      discharged without treatment because of normal IPGs, only one patient returned
      with subsequent symptoms of DVT (0.4%). Noninvasive testing with IPG is a safe
      and highly cost-effective alternative to venography for routine management of
      patients suspected of DVT.

PMID- 6810845
TI  - [Nutrient composition of some newly bred high-protein and/or high-lysine cereal
      strains and digestibility by growing pigs. 2. Protein quality and digestibility
      of the amino acids].
AB  - After a first report on the nutrient composition and the digestibility of some
      newly bred varieties of cereals, information on the apparent digestibility of the
      amino acids in growing female pigs ascertained with the same test material is
      given. These data serve the evaluation of the quality of such cultivation
      products and the completion of the data in of feedstuffs tables and tables of the
      amino acid content. The newly bred barleystrains meet the requirement of
      digestible protein of pigs, wheat exceeds it whereas the maize samples fall short
      of it. The content of digestible lysine in the newly bred barleystrain
      approximate the requirement of growing pigs. There is ample digestible methionine
      + cystine in all samples. This again proves that newly cultivated barley and
      wheat rich in protein and lysine if accordingly supplemented with the limiting
      amino acid lysine can be used as sole feed for fattening pigs. Moreover, it
      becomes again obvious that the apparent digestibility of the amino acids can, for
      practical purposes, be sufficiently exactly evaluated with the help of the
      apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the respective feedstuff.

PMID- 6810846
TI  - [Absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing
      pigs. 1. Measurement of N-balance for utilization of lysine and isoleucine;
      isoleucine requirement for growing pigs].
AB  - In N-balance experiments with growing pigs (40-60 kg live weight) investigations
      were made whether lysine or isoleucine that is infused into the caecum can be
      absorbed there and to what extent these amino acids in that case can be utilised
      by the animal for protein synthesis. The pigs either received basic rations with
      insufficient lysine or isoleucine resp. (negative control group) or the amounts
      of lysine and isoleucine lacking to meet the requirement were supplemented with
      the feed (positive control group) or continuously infused into the caecum with
      the help of caecal infusion cannulae (test group). In the experiments with lysine
      the animals in the negative control group and in the test group showed
      considerably lower N-balances than the positive control group. There were no
      differences as regards the apparent digestibility of lysine between the positive
      control group and the test group. The urine of the test group contained
      distinctly more NH3. This shows clearly that lysine that is infused into the
      caecum cannot be utilised by the pigs, it is, on the contrary, microbially
      decomposed, the nitrogen is chiefly absorbed as NH3 and excreted in urine. As
      regards isoleucine, the deficit brought about with the basic ration was
      insufficient in order to achieve significant differences between the N-balance
      values of the groups so that unambiguous statements on the absorption and
      utilisation of isoleucine infused into the caecum cannot be made. Concerning
      apparent digestibility of isoleucine and the NH3 content of the urine, the
      results of the isoleucine experiments were similar to those in the lysine
      experiments. According to our N-balance experiments the isoleucine requirement of
      pigs indicated in relevant literature as 5.6 g/kg dry matter of the feed is by
      far too high. It should be limited to 3.5 or a maximum of 4.0 g isoleucine per kg
      dry matter of the feed.

PMID- 6810847
TI  - Cerebral blood flow, circulation, and blood homeostasis of dogs during slow
      cyanide poisoning and after treatment with 4-dimethylaminophenol.
AB  - The effects of 4-dimethylaminophenol . HCl (DMAP) and 100% oxygen on cerebral
      blood flow (CBF) and peripheral circulation, arterial and venous blood gases, and
      other parameters have been investigated in dogs in the course of slow cyanide
      infusion. The i.v. infusion of KCN increased the respiratory minute volume,
      accompanied by a rise in arterial pO2 and pH and a decrease in arterial pCO2
      while the venous lactate concentration increased by about 500% and the hemoglobin
      content and hematocrit by about 30%. Heart rate and carotid artery blood flow
      decreased. Local CBF in the cingulum as measured with thermocouples rose
      steadily, and the brain and oesophagus temperature were lowered. The breathing of
      100% oxygen raised the local CBF, the temperature, and the arterial pCO2. During
      the infusion of KCN into the femoral artery of artificially ventilated dogs the
      femoral venous pO2 increased continuously by some 40 mm Hg, attended with a
      decrease in pCO2 of 15 mm Hg. The femoral blood flow, however, rose sharply
      within 3 min. 100% oxygen induced a rise in pCO2 and a diminution of pH in the
      femoral vein and in the sinus sagittalis, and the femoral flow rose rapidly.
      After DMAP i.v. the values of most of the parameters returned to normal or
      finally stabilized below or above the initial level. The rise in the hemoglobin
      content, hematocrit, and lactate concentration was stopped, but the arterial and
      venous pH remained or were lowered. DMAP elicited a rapid, strong decrease in the
      pO2 of the femoral vein and the sinus sagittalis with a concomitant marked
      increase in pCO2.

PMID- 6810848
TI  - Treatment of the pulpally involved tooth with incomplete root formation.

PMID- 6810849
TI  - Periodontal pocket depths related to adjacent proximal tooth surface conditions
      and restorations.

PMID- 6810850
TI  - Annual Directory. Arkansas State Dental Association. June 1982.

PMID- 6810851
TI  - [Endomyocardial biopsy in the indeterminate form of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6810852
TI  - [Quantitative serological reactions in Chagas' disease: clinico-laboratory
      relationship in 100 patients].

PMID- 6810853
TI  - [Malnutrition in the cardiac patient].

PMID- 6810854
TI  - Brain glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's disease.
AB  - Using glucocerebroside labeled with carbon 14 as the substrate, we determined
      that homogenates of brain tissue from both neuropathic and nonneuropathic cases
      of Gaucher's disease were profoundly deficient (more than 85%) in
      glucocerebrosidase activity. The beta-glucosidase activity, as measured with 4
      methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate, in the homogenates of
      brain from four cases of Gaucher's disease was less sensitive to inhibition by
      conduritol B epoxide (CBE) when compared with normal brain beta-glucosidase.
      However, when homogenates were assayed with radiolabeled glucocerebroside as the
      substrate, no differential sensitivity toward CBE was indicated, suggesting the
      presence of an additional, CBE-insensitive, beta-glucosidase in brain tissue.
      Residual glucocerebrosidase activity partially purified from the brain of an
      adult with type 1 Gaucher's disease was activated threefold by gluconoyl
      hydrazine, whereas the same enzyme from control brain was unaffected, and eight
      times less sensitive to gluconolactone inhibition.

PMID- 6810855
TI  - Asymptomatic hyperammonemia in patients receiving valproic acid.
AB  - To determine the frequency of hyperammonemia in asymptomatic patients receiving
      valproic acid, plasma ammonia concentrations were measured in 55 patients
      receiving this drug and in 12 patients receiving other anticonvulsants. Twenty
      nine of the 55 patients receiving valproic acid and none of the control patients
      had plasma NH3 levels above the normal range. Ten of the 11 patients receiving
      both valproic acid and phenytoin sodium in combination had elevated NH3 levels,
      as did five of six patients receiving both valproic acid and phenobarbital
      sodium. Elevations in plasma NH3 levels, as high as 140 mumole/L, were well
      tolerated, and valproic acid dose reductions were not necessary. Based on our
      findings, hyperammonemia is not an indication for reducing or eliminating
      valproic acid therapy.

PMID- 6810856
TI  - Clinical evaluation of anisocoria.

PMID- 6810857
TI  - An analysis of the canine tooth size of old world higher primates in relation to
      mandibular length and body weight.
AB  - Canine crown heights, measured from the cement-enamel junction to the cusp tip,
      were directly proportional to mandible length for 37 species of catarrhines
      (males and females plotted separately). The ratio canine height/mandible length
      was much greater for males than females. An allometric analysis revealed close
      relationships between canine size and body weight in males when the sample was
      split into hominoid, cercopithecine and colobine groups but not close for
      females. It is suggested that canine size in males is controlled by differences
      in mandibular form. Reasons for the variability of canine size in females remain
      unresolved.

PMID- 6810858
TI  - Longitudinal study (32 years) of exercise tolerance, breathing response, blood
      pressure, and blood lipids in young men.
AB  - Changes in exercise tolerance, blood lipids, and blood pressure from youth to
      middle age was studied in 106 subjects followed 32 years. In addition, the
      responses to cold pressor and CO2 stress were studied as correlates of future
      lipids and blood pressure. Treadmill exercise test, cold pressor test, response
      to breathing a mixture of 6% CO2, and 21% O2, for 5 minutes, blood pressure, and
      lipid measurements were performed in 1947 when subjects were 20 +/- 2 years old.
      Exercise, blood pressure and lipid tests were repeated in 1979. Tracking of blood
      pressure and pulse response to exercise over the period was demonstrated.
      Baseline exercise response correlated with future blood pressure, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and high density lipoproteins. Change in exercise pulse rate over
      the period correlated with change in cholesterol. Cold pressor systolic blood
      pressure response correlated with future systolic blood pressure and
      triglycerides. Pulse and blood pressure response to CO2 breathing correlated with
      cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein 32 years later. These
      correlations were independent of baseline values of the variables and body mass
      index. Individuals who were judged "fit" (exercise pulse rise less than median)
      at both baseline and follow-up had the best cardiovascular risk profile (blood
      pressure and lipids). Blood pressure and pulse response to exercise tracked
      between ages 20 and 50. Exercise, cold pressor, and CO2 responses in youth
      correlated with blood lipid levels in middle age.

PMID- 6810859
TI  - Immunization against dental caries. A review.
AB  - An attempt has been made to review the current state of knowledge in relation to
      the production of a completely safe, effective vaccine against dental caries.
      Almost all research has focused upon Streptococcus mutants on the assumption that
      it is of prime aetiological importance. In earlier studies, whole or broken cells
      of Strep. mutans were used to immunize experimental animals but, because of the
      possible harmful effects of impure vaccines, more recent attempts have been made
      to find a suitable immunogen from purified cell components of this organism. When
      this has been achieved, there still remain the problems of proving its safety and
      efficacy and of devising suitable immunization schedules whereby relatively long
      lasting protection can be provided.

PMID- 6810860
TI  - Economic aspects of the prolonged fluoride application method.
AB  - Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses were carried out to obtain an
      indication of the economic viability of the prolonged fluoride application (PFA)
      method. Using three year results from a clinical trial of the technique, the cost
      benefit ratio has calculated as 1:2.1 and the cost-effectiveness as $3.49 per
      surface saved in three years. For purpose of general comparison the same analyses
      were made for an alternative measure, the placement of pit and fissure sealants.
      Using data from a two-year sealant trial, the cost-benefit ratio was found to be
      1:0.77 and the cost-effectiveness $18.49 per surface saved in two years. The
      findings indicated that the PFA method can be regarded as an economically viable
      procedure.

PMID- 6810861
TI  - Serological analysis of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from North Queensland.
AB  - Fifty-two Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from humans, rodents and chiggers in
      North Queensland were serologically characterized by the direct
      immunofluorescence test. A majority (71%) of the isolates was a mixture of two or
      more strains. The most frequently detected strains in the 52 isolates were TA716
      (84%), TA763 (42%), TA686 (33%), and Karp (31%). The Gilliam strain was detected
      in only 4% of the isolates.

PMID- 6810862
TI  - Resistance of established islet allografts to rejection by antibody and
      complement.
AB  - Using preliminary in vitro culture in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to facilitate
      survival of the graft, long term survival (greater than 100 days) of mouse
      pancreatic islet allografts was obtained subsequently in non-immunosuppressed
      diabetic animals. When anti-donor alloantiserum was transferred to these animals,
      the grafts were not rejected despite the fact that circulating cytotoxic antibody
      was demonstrated up to 7 days after injection of alloantiserum. Similarly, there
      was no graft rejection following the injection of anti-donor alloantiserum and
      complement. These results show that cultured islet allografts are not susceptible
      to antibody and complement.

PMID- 6810863
TI  - Comparison of nebulised sodium cromoglycate and oral theophylline in controlling
      symptoms of chronic asthma in pre-school children: a double blind study.
AB  - The efficacy of nebulised sodium cromoglycate and an oral theophylline solution
      at currently recommended doses were compared in one to six-year-old children with
      chronic asthma. Twenty-six children completed a 24-week double-blind trial of
      treatment with sodium cromoglycate (SCG), theophylline and a combination of both.
      The three regimens were administered, each for eight weeks, in a random sequence.
      SCG was administered by inhalation as a nebulised solution in standard doses of
      20 mg qid and serum drug concentrations were recorded. Theophylline was given as
      liquid aminophylline. Dosage was individualised with the assistance of serum
      theophylline measurements and averaged 6.1 mg/kg/dose q6h. Patients had an
      average of 61% symptom-free days while on SCG and combination regimens, compared
      with only 46.5% for days free of symptoms when on theophylline alone (p less than
      0.05). There was significantly less use of supplementary medication for acute
      symptoms (p less than 0.05) when on the combination of SCG and theophylline. No
      regimen was more frequently associated with symptoms of exercise intolerance or
      decreased appetite. Numerous adverse side effects to theophylline were recorded,
      but none were recognised with SCG. SCG is at least as effective as theophylline
      in controlling asthmatic symptoms in the 1-6-year-old age group.

PMID- 6810864
TI  - Nutritional support and the cancer patient: 1982.

PMID- 6810865
TI  - Influence of high caloric parenteral nutrition on catabolism and cellular immune
      competence in carcinoma patients.
AB  - Urea production rate and cellular immune reactivity measured by skin stamp test
      were used to determine the extent of protein catabolism in 30 surgical patients
      with histologically diagnosed gastrointestinal carcinoma. All patients received
      high-caloric total parenteral nutrition (TPN) preoperatively. In those patients
      with an urea production rate of less than 15 g/day (according to definition of
      non-catabolic state) TPN was discontinued and the operation performed
      immediately, whereas the remaining 13 patients with an urea production rate
      exceeding 15 g/day (according to definition a catabolic state) were given TPN a
      total of 10 days prior to operation. Nine of the 13 patients could be converted
      from a catabolic to a non-catabolic state. Only one of these patients died,
      whereas of the remaining 4 patients who - according to the definition - remained
      in a catabolic state, two died. The course of nutrition positively influenced the
      serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM. The skin stamp test was positive in only three
      of the 13 patients. Obviously, a positive skin test reaction occurred only in
      those patients who could be returned to a non-catabolic state during the course
      of TPN. By means of preoperative TPN catabolic patients can be converted into a
      non-catabolic state which is associated with a reduction in morbidity and
      mortality. Moreover, high caloric parenteral nutrition rich in amino acids seem
      to improve the prognosis for patients with negative skin test reactivity.

PMID- 6810866
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of standard (lithicarb) and sustained-release (Priadel) lithium
      carbonate preparations in patients.
AB  - Equivalent oral dosages (800 mg, 21.6 mmol) of a standard (Lithicarb) and a
      sustained-release (Priadel) lithium carbonate preparation were administered to
      six patients receiving lithium maintenance treatment using a randomized cross
      over design. There were no significant differences in the two preparations for 24
      hour plasma level curves, 24 hour bioavailability, peak plasma concentrations
      (Cmax), time to peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) or urinary excretion rates.
      These results are in agreement with a previous study using Priadel in healthy
      volunteers, and indicate that Priadel is a delayed-release, rather than a true
      sustained-release preparation. In order to maintain therapeutic plasma levels and
      to minimise adverse effects that may occur with high plasma lithium levels,
      Priadel needs to be administered in divided dosages rather than as a single daily
      dose.

PMID- 6810867
TI  - Human endocrine responses to acceleration stress.
AB  - Five healthy male volunteers were subjected to accelerations of up to +6 Gz for 1
      min in order to investigate the effect of acceleration stress upon the
      concentration of various hormones in peripheral blood. No significant changes
      were seen in the levels of GH, PRL, TSH, LH, and FSH compared to control values
      obtained at +1 Gz (normal gravity). Changes in serum cortisol levels were
      significant (p less than 0.001) with peak values occurring 20 min after
      acceleration stress. A significant effect (p less than 0.001) of acceleration was
      also observed on plasma volume with maximum reductions occurring at the end of
      acceleration. The unusual specificity of the hormone responses is discussed.

PMID- 6810869
TI  - Investigation of the combined effects of bedrest and mild hypoxia.
AB  - Subjects were exposed to an 8-h mild hypoxia exposure (8000 ft. equivalent, 2438
      m) with and without a 28-h period of 6 degrees headdown bedrest. Anticipated
      responses to the bedrest and the hypoxia were observed. There was no indication
      that bedrest affected the arterial oxygenation or the oxygen gradient across the
      lungs of the subjects undergoing mild hypoxia. It is concluded that there is no
      evidence that would preclude an alveolar O2 pressure as low as 69 torr during
      contingency spacecraft operation.

PMID- 6810868
TI  - Measurement of cardiopulmonary performance during acute exposure to a 2440-m
      equivalent atmosphere.
AB  - Each of 20 subjects was given two Bruce Protocol symptom-limited maximum
      treadmill stress tests breathing sea-level compressed air (20.9% 02) for one test
      and a 2440-m equivalent (15.5% 02) for the other. Subjects ranged from 18-38
      years of age; 15 were male and 5 female. Half of the population was tested first
      on the sea-level air, the other half on the altitude mixture. Real time
      measurements included heart rate, blood pressure, exercise time, oxygen
      consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory rate and volume, CO2
      production, and several other derived parameters. A significant difference
      existed between measured VO2 max (p less than 0.002) and exercise time (p less
      than 0.004) for the two conditions. Mean differences were 8.3% and 6.7%,
      respectively. No significant differences were observed in heart rate or the
      recovery time to a respiratory quotient of less than 1. Hemoglobin saturation, as
      measured by an ear oximeter, averaged 95% for sea-level and 91% for the 2440-m
      equivalent gases. These results support a 2440-m equivalent contingency
      atmosphere in the NASA Space Shuttle prior to donning a low pressure suit for the
      purpose of reducing nitrogen washout times.

PMID- 6810870
TI  - Genetic, ontogenetic, and tissue-specific variation of dipeptidases in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Three dipeptidases in Drosophila melanogaster are under independent genetic
      control and their structural genes have been localized, Dip-A to 2R and Dip-B and
      Dip-C to 3R (Voelker and Langley, 1978; Ohnishi and Voelker, 1981). These enzymes
      were characterized with respect to their substrate specificities, genetic
      variability (electrophoretic mobility and quantitative activity level), ontogeny
      (activity and isozyme pattern), and tissue localization. The dipeptide substrate
      specificities of DIP-A and DIP-B overlap each other considerably, but do not
      overlap with DIP-C. In natural populations, DIP-B and DIP-C are essentially
      monomorphic electrophoretically whereas DIP-A is polymorphic for three allozymes.
      Both DIP-A and DIP-B show quantitative genetic variation of activity level within
      an allozyme class. All three enzymes are expressed at all stages in the life
      cycle, but DIP-A and DIP-B activities vary considerably according to
      developmental stage and sex of adult. The tissue localizations of DIP-A and DIP-B
      activities show similar patterns and a nearly ubiquitous occurrence of both
      enzymes, but with particularly high values in larval and adult midguts and in the
      adult female reproductive system. These results suggest a general metabolic role
      for the enzymes, such as regulation of the concentrated pools of amino acids and
      oligopeptides found in Drosophila tissues.

PMID- 6810871
TI  - Biochemical genetics of macaques. III. Inheritance of carbonic anhydrase II
      polymorphism in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6810872
TI  - Purification and genetic control of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase has been purified to near-homogeneity from mature larvae
      of Drosophila melanogaster. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 347,000 measured
      by sucrose gradient sedimentation and 343,000 measured by variable-porosity
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions
      showed that the enzyme consists of six subunits of molecular weight 57,000. The
      structural gene for GDH has been mapped at 81.7 +/- 0.8 on the third chromosome
      by means of an electrophoretic variant.

PMID- 6810873
TI  - Selection at the alpha-Gpdh locus in experimental populations of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Three sets of experiments have been conducted in order to evaluate the role of
      natural selection at the alpha-Gpdh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. (1) The
      evolution of the F-allele frequency has been followed for many generations in 13
      experimental populations having different genetic backgrounds. (2) Egg-to-adult
      viability has been measured in synthetic populations derived from one locality
      (Brouilly) and the results have been compared with those of a previous experiment
      involving a different local population (Tostes). (3) The effects of sodium
      octanoate on egg-to-adult viability have been measured on the genotypes FF, FS,
      SF, and SS. The results demonstrate that selection operates on a small block of
      genes which includes the alpha-Gpdh locus.

PMID- 6810874
TI  - Comparison of active and inactive forms of iron protein from Rhodospirillum
      rubrum.
AB  - The Fe protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum was purified in its
      active and inactive forms. It is shown that the inactive form exists as a two
      subunit modified form of the enzyme as previously reported [Ludden & Burris
      (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 251--259]. In contrast, the active form exists as a
      single-subunit unmodified form of the enzyme. The upper subunit (on sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) of the inactive form was
      shown to contain at least the phosphate group of the covalently bound modifying
      group. The active and inactive forms of the enzyme were shown to be identical
      proteins on the basis of amino-acid composition, tryptic-digest pattern and
      immunological cross-reactivity.

PMID- 6810875
TI  - Inhibition of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C by univalent anions.
AB  - The rate of phospholipid hydrolysis in erythrocyte ghosts by Bacillus cereus
      phospholipase C was markedly decreased by the presence of NaCl at concentrations
      between 25 and 200 mM. The inhibition seemed to be due to Cl- and was unaffected
      by the type of cation present. The larger univalent anions such as HCO3-, Br-, Cl
      , NO3-, CNO- and I- seemed most effective, whereas the bivalent anion SO42- was
      relatively ineffective at 0.1 M, as were acetate and formate. Tris buffers at 0.1
      M caused marked inhibition. With bovine brain myelin, phospholipid hydrolysis by
      phospholipase C was also much more strongly inhibited by I- and Cl- than by SO42-
      or acetate. NaCl inhibited the hydrolysis by the enzyme of the soluble substrate
      dihexanoylglycerophosphocholine, thereby suggesting that the inhibiton did not
      arise simply from substrate effects.

PMID- 6810876
TI  - A complete separation of dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl-amino acids. Amino acid
      analysis with low nanogram amounts of polypeptide with
      dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl chloride.
AB  - A chromatographical system has been developed to give a complete baseline
      separation of all dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl (DABS)-amino acids for high
      sensitivity amino acid analysis [Chang, Knecht & Braun (1981) Biochem. J. 199,
      547--556]. The system, which uses a Merck RP-18 column with phosphate buffer (12
      mM, pH 6.5)/acetonitrile mixture, allows reliable analysis of DABS-amino acids at
      the 1--2 pmol level. The accuracy of this new system is demonstrated by the
      composition analysis of two immunoglobulin light chains (214 amino acid residues)
      with differences at only three amino acid residue positions.

PMID- 6810877
TI  - Measurement of the metabolism of cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes by a
      quantitative and specific immunochemical method.
AB  - We have defined conditions that permit quantitative and specific measurement of
      the metabolism of the major phenobarbital-inducible form of cytochrome P-450
      protein in primary non-proliferating monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.
      Isolated antibodies specifically directed against phenobarbital cytochrome P-450
      are used to immunoprecipitate the cytochrome from lysates of cultured hepatocytes
      pulse-labelled with [(3)H]leucine. Phenobarbital cytochrome P-450 protein is then
      isolated from the immunoprecipitate by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gradient
      slab gels. Specificity of the assay for phenobarbital cytochrome P-450 was
      established by competition experiments involving other forms of purified
      cytochrome P-450 as well as by testing antibodies directed against these other
      forms of the cytochrome. Using purified phenobarbital cytochrome P-450,
      radiolabelled in both its haem and apoprotein portions, as an internal standard,
      we demonstrated that, with this immunoassay, recovery of cytochrome P-450 from
      microsomal samples is nearly complete. Basal rates of synthesis of phenobarbital
      cytochrome P-450 representing as little as 0.02-0.05% of total cellular protein
      synthesis were reliably and reproducibly detected in hepatocyte culture
      maintained in serum-free medium for 72h. Moreover, inclusion of phenobarbital in
      the culture medium for 96h stimulated not only synthesis de novo of phenobarbital
      cytochrome P-450 protein, but also accumulation of spectrally and catalytically
      active cytochrome P-450. Advantages of this immunoassay are that metabolism
      (synthesis or degradation) of the haem or protein of this important form of the
      cytochrome can be measured conveniently in the small samples available from
      cultured cells without the necessity of preparing subcellular fractions.

PMID- 6810879
TI  - Effect of 4-hydroxypyrazole on tryptophan and formate metabolism in isolated rat
      liver cells.
AB  - 1. 4-Hydroxypyrazole inhibits flux through tryptophan 2.3-dioxygenase in cells.
      The inhibition is apparently non-competitive with Ki = 0.15 mM. 2.
      Hydroxypyrazole inhibits the oxidation of formate to CO2 in liver cells. 3.
      Glycollate, which generates H2O2, stimulates formate oxidation. This process is
      inhibited by 4-hydroxypyrazole. 4. Methionine stimulates formate oxidation in
      cells and this stimulation is insensitive to 4-hydroxypyrazole. 5. It is
      concluded that, in freshly isolated liver cells, formate oxidation proceeds by a
      pathway involving catalase. In vivo, or when methionine is added to cell
      incubations, the pathway of oxidation involves tetrahydrofolate, and is
      insensitive to catalase inhibitors. 6. Methionine at physiological concentrations
      inhibits the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in isolated liver cells.

PMID- 6810878
TI  - How is the level of free arachidonic acid controlled in mammalian cells?

PMID- 6810880
TI  - Glycine metabolism in rat kidney cortex slices.
AB  - When rat kidney cortex slices were incubated with glycine or [1-14C]glycine,
      after correcting for metabolite changes with control slices, product formation
      and glycine utilization fitted the requirements of the equation: 2 Glycine leads
      to ammonia + CO2 + serine. Evidence is presented that degradation via glyoxylate,
      by oxidation or transamination, is unlikely to have any significant role in
      kidney glycine catabolism. It is concluded that glycine metabolism in rat kidney
      is largely via glycine cleavage closely coupled with serine formation. 1-C
      decarboxylation and urea formation with glycine in rat hepatocyte suspensions
      were somewhat greater than decarboxylation or ammonia formation in kidney slices,
      showing that in the rat, potentially, the liver is quantitatively the more
      important organ in glycine catabolism. There was no evidence of ammonia formation
      from glycine with rat brain cortex, heart, spleen or diaphragm and 1-C
      decarboxylation was very weak.

PMID- 6810881
TI  - Developmental alteration of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and
      sulphotransferase towards androsterone and 4-nitrophenol in Wistar rats.
AB  - Postnatal development of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and
      sulphotransferase activities towards androsterone and 4-nitrophenol as well as
      cytochrome P-450 contents was studied in male and female Wistar rats. The rats
      with high and low UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards androsterone were
      classified by the genotype of the parent animals. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      activity towards androsterone began rapidly to enhance after 30 days of age in
      the high-activity group, whereas the transferase activity remained low throughout
      in the low-activity group. Such a striking difference was not observed in UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity towards 4-nitrophenol, sulphotransferase
      activity towards androsterone and 4-nitrophenol, and cytochrome P-450 contents.
      Sex-based difference in the sulphotransferase activity was marked after 30 days
      of age. Sulphotransferase activity towards androsterone was much higher in adult
      females than in adult males, whereas higher sulphation activity towards 4
      nitrophenol was found in adult males. The results also indicate that the low
      level of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity did not lead to compensatory
      stimulation of the sulphotransferase activity.

PMID- 6810882
TI  - A semiautomated method for the rapid determination of dopa: comparison of plasma
      and erythrocyte-dopa concentration in levodopa-treated patients.

PMID- 6810883
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography determination of unsaturated disaccharides
      produced from chondroitin sulfates by chondroitinases.

PMID- 6810884
TI  - Glycerol metabolism in experimental malnutrition during lactation.

PMID- 6810885
TI  - Copper inhibition of glutathione reductase and its reversal with gold thiolates,
      thiol, and disulfide compounds.

PMID- 6810886
TI  - Changes in intracellular location of DNA polymerase-alpha during oocyte
      maturation of the toad, Bufo bufo japonicus.

PMID- 6810889
TI  - Elevation of serum albumin concentration in analbuminemic rats by administration
      of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

PMID- 6810887
TI  - Dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6810888
TI  - Effect of porcine gastrin releasing peptide on anterior pituitary hormone
      release.

PMID- 6810890
TI  - Free radical pathology: inactivation of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by
      products from the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen peroxide and the
      etiology of emphysema.

PMID- 6810891
TI  - A methemoglobin-dependent and plasma-stimulated experimental model of oxidative
      hemolysis.

PMID- 6810892
TI  - Hydrogenase activity in the thermophile Mastigocladus laminosus.

PMID- 6810893
TI  - Microsomal 11 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone in Aspergillus ochraceus: Part
      I: Characterization of the hydroxylase system.

PMID- 6810894
TI  - Concanavalin A will not assume the sugar binding conformation in the complete
      absence of metal ions.

PMID- 6810895
TI  - The cytochrome P-450 alkane monooxygenase system of the yeast Lodderomyces
      elongisporus: purification and some properties of the NADPH-cytochrome P-450
      reductase.

PMID- 6810896
TI  - Interaction of the lectin limulin with capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria
      meningitidis and Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6810897
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in permeabilized L cells by novobiocin.

PMID- 6810898
TI  - The influence of some 3-amino-2-pyrazoline derivatives on cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxidase activities.
AB  - The influence of 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW 755C), 1
      (3,3-diphenylpropyl)-3-amino-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline (KD 785) and 1-(3,3
      diphenylpropyl)-3-amino-2-pyrazoline (KD 679) on cyclooxygenase and lipoxidase
      activities has been studied. All three compounds inhibited soybean and platelet
      lipoxidase activity. BW 755C was a much stronger inhibitor than KD compounds. The
      tested compounds stimulated oxygen consumption by cyclooxygenase from ram seminal
      vesicle microsomes in the presence of 100 microM of arachidonic acid in the range
      of concentrations between 30 and 300 microM and increased PGE2 generation in
      these experimental conditions. Radiochemical studies showed that BW 755C had been
      a stimulator of cyclooxygenase in higher (100 microM) substrate concentrations
      but, in agreement with a previous report it acted as an inhibitor of this enzyme
      when substrate concentration was 1.6 microM. Probably this component acted as a
      free radical scavenger.

PMID- 6810899
TI  - Metabolic activation of mitomycin C by liver microsomes and nuclei.
AB  - Bioreductive alkylating agents require reductive activation prior to exerting
      their cytotoxic actions. This property results in preferential toxicity to
      hypoxic cells. Previous data have demonstrated that mitomycin C is activated by
      hypoxic tumor cells and is selectively cytotoxic to these oxygen-deficient cells.
      The biotransformation of mitomycin C was studied in liver microsomes and nuclei
      and in a reconstituted, partially purified cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing
      system to provide information on these reductive processes. Both the metabolism
      of mitomycin C, measured by disappearance of the quinone portion of the
      substrate, and the formation of an alkylating metabolite(s), determined by
      employing 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine as a trapping agent, required anaerobic
      conditions and an NADPH-generating system, and were inhibited by O2 and CO in
      both microsomes and nuclei. A reconstituted enzyme system consisting of NADPH,
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, phospholipid and cytochrome P-450 converted
      mitomycin C to a reactive metabolite(s) under hypoxic conditions. Omission of N2
      or any component of the system decreased the metabolic activation of mitomycin C.
      These findings support the concept that the cytochrome P-450 system is capable of
      activating mitomycin C under hypoxic conditions to the alkylating metabolite(s)
      that is responsible for antineoplastic activity.

PMID- 6810900
TI  - Effect of an aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione, on 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in the rat and its mechanism of
      action in vivo.
AB  - In this study, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) was demonstrated to cause
      time-dependent loss of aromatase activity in rat ovarian microsomes in vitro. In
      vivo, an injection of ATD caused inhibition of ovarian aromatase and reduced
      estrogen secretion in pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-primed rats for at least
      24 hr after injection. In rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced,
      hormone-dependent, mammary tumors, marked regression occurred with ATD treatment.
      Although estrogen secretion was not reduced below the diestrus level of controls,
      the rats remained anestrus, indicating that the proestrus surge of estrogen was
      prevented. LH, FSH and prolactin levels were also basal and LH and FSH did not
      rise after ovariectomy. ATD had no detectable hormonal activity in bioassay.
      Consistent with this, the compound did not interact appreciably with either
      androgen or estrogen receptors, was not uterotrophic, and did not interfere with
      mammary tumor regression in ovariectomized rats. Thus, the major activities of
      the compound which cause mammary regression in the rat appear to be inhibition of
      estrogen synthesis, via aromatase and gonadotropin suppression.

PMID- 6810901
TI  - Genetic differences in the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and its
      components by 3-methylcholanthrene in liver and lung microsomes among four
      strains of guinea pigs.
AB  - Four strains of guinea pigs (Hartley, No. 2, No. 13 and JY-1) were examined for
      the effects of intraperitoneal treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene on aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, total cytochrome P-450 content in liver and
      lung microsomes, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in liver microsomes.
      Following treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight,
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in liver were
      both increased in all the strains used, and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase in liver was also increased in all strains except No. 13. While the
      cytochrome P-450 content in lung was increased in all the strains except No. 13,
      there was no increase in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in lung from
      any strain of guinea pig examined. When the dose of 3-methylcholanthrene was
      increased to 250 mg/kg body weight, an apparent induction of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase was detected in the lung from the Hartley strain of guinea pigs, but
      not in the other three strains. In summary, marked differences were seen in
      sensitivity to 3-methylcholanthrene between liver and lung, and apparent strain
      differences were observed among the guinea pigs used in this experiment.

PMID- 6810902
TI  - Increased sensitivity of the fluorometric method of Snyder and Hendley for
      oxidase assays.

PMID- 6810903
TI  - Factors influencing articular cartilage wear in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro wear of articular cartilage in oscillating and impulsively loaded
      bovine metatarsophalangeal joints was studied. Articular cartilage scarification
      had little effect on cartilage wear, but stiffening of the subchondral bone with
      methyl methacrylate greatly increased the rate of cartilage loss, whether or not
      it had previously been scarified. Glutaraldehyde treatment of articular cartilage
      for 30 minutes decreased is wear rate. Guanidinium chloride extraction of the
      cartilage before wear testing caused it to peel off its subchondral bed. This
      effect could be spared by prior glutaraldehyde fixation.

PMID- 6810904
TI  - Effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII and
      B and LCAT activity in hyperlipidemic, non-insulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - The effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII
      and B, and LCAT activity was investigated in 16 hyperlipidemic, non-insulin
      dependent diabetes, who were treated for 8 weeks with either placebo or
      bezafibrate in a double-blind cross-over design. Bezafibrate induced a
      significant decrease in plasma triglycerides (P less than 0.01), cholesterol (P
      less than 0.05), VLDL triglycerides (P less than 0.05) and VLDL cholesterol (P
      less than 0.01), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (P less than
      0.01), whereas LDL cholesterol remained unchanged. The apolipoprotein
      AI/apolipoprotein B ratio increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although
      individual changes in these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein
      AII increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although individual changes in
      these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein AII increased
      significantly (P less than 0.0001) and the apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AII
      ratio decreased (P less than 0.0001), indicating an increase in the HDL3 rather
      than the HDL2 fraction. No significant change in LCAT activity was observed.

PMID- 6810905
TI  - Further observations on the inhibition of NADH oxidase by short chain ubiquinone
      homologs.

PMID- 6810906
TI  - [Mastocytes of the parietal pericardium in the guinea pig].
AB  - The present research was performed in the parietal pericardium of guinea pigs
      aged between 4 and 5 months. After stretching the pericardium on a slide and
      fixation in Mota's fluid, the following techniques were utilized to study the
      distribution and the cytochemical characteristics of mastocytes: 1) staining with
      Toluidine blue or Methylene blue 0,5%; 2) staining with Toluidine blue 10(-4)M in
      buffered solution at different pH (2,3,4,5,6,7); 3) staining with Alcian blue 8GS
      pH 1 and pH 2,6. Prior to 1,2,3 a digestion with Ch-ase ABC was performed. The
      pericardium was also exposed to ortophtaldialdehyde and paraformaldehyde vapours
      to show the presence of histamine and 5-HT. From our data it results that
      mastocytes of the parietal pericardium of guinea pig always show an extremely
      elongated shape. Their granular content is characterized by the presence of
      condroitinsulphate and ialuronic acid. By the OPT reaction a blue fluorescence
      becomes evident, showing low histamine levels in mastocytes, while the
      paraformaldehyde reaction results to be always negative.

PMID- 6810907
TI  - [The TRH test in latent thyroid pathology].
AB  - TRH-test is an usefull tool for diagnostic purpose in thyroid disease. We
      challenged with TRH 4 groups of patients (1 degrees non toxic diffuse goitre, 2
      degrees nodular goitre (Plummer's disease), 3 degrees euthyroid ophthalmic
      Graves' disease, 4 degrees hemithyroidectomy) with different thyroid affections
      who showed no symptoms and presented normal values of total thyroid hormones, in
      comparison with a control group. These groups displayed normal and pathological
      (blunted or absent and exaggerated) responses of TSH to TRH. Therefore TRH-test
      ra presents a good mean to recognize subclinical forms both hyperthyroidism and
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6810908
TI  - [Discontinuance of AED for head injury patients].

PMID- 6810909
TI  - Changes in canine intracranial pressure in response to infusions of sodium
      nitroprusside and trinitroglycerin.

PMID- 6810910
TI  - Long-term switching to low-tar low-nicotine cigarettes.

PMID- 6810911
TI  - Effect of frequent factor VIII replacement on the level of factor VIII antibodies
      in haemophiliacs.

PMID- 6810912
TI  - Relationship between platelet aggregation, thromboxane synthesis and albumin
      concentration in nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Increased platelet aggregability on stimulation with sodium arachidonate (NaAA),
      collagen and ADP was found in a group of 14 patients with nephrotic syndrome when
      compared with age and sex matched controls. Five of the group also exhibited
      spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA), associated with synthesis of thromboxane
      B2 (TxB2), and which appeared to correlate with a markedly increased serum
      triglyceride concentration. Thromboxane B2 generation in response to NaAA was
      increased and reflected both the low serum albumin concentration and the platelet
      aggregation response to this agent. Addition of albumin in vitro decreased the
      amount of TxB2 generated for a given dose of NaAA and increased NaAA and collagen
      induced platelet aggregation thresholds. However, albumin had no significant
      effect on collagen-induced TxB2 production. The results suggest that the
      hypoalbuminaemia and associated reduced binding of arachidonic acid and increased
      synthesis of TxA2 account in part for the increased platelet aggregability seen
      in the nephrotic syndrome but that other mechanisms are also involved.

PMID- 6810913
TI  - Changes in the life expectancy of patients with severe haemophilia A in Finland
      in 1930-79.
AB  - Important advances have been made in the treatment of haemophilia during the past
      30 years. We have analysed the data of all the known 163 patients with severe
      haemophilia A living in Finland in 1930-79 in order to study changes in the
      prognosis of severe haemophilia A. During the period of 50 years the mean age at
      death of the patients has increased from 7.8 years in 1930-39 to 25.5 years in
      1970-79 and the annual death rate has markedly decreased in all age groups. The
      decline has been greatest in patients under 10 years of age. In this age group
      the annual death rate decreased from over 50 per thousand in 1930-39 and 1940-49
      to 4.8 per thousand in 1970-79. The prognosis of patients with inhibitors has
      remained poor, however. Five of the six deaths during the last decade occurred in
      patients with inhibitors. The overall annual death rate of patients without
      inhibitors was only 1.2 per thousand in 1970-79, suggesting that at the present
      time the life expectancy of patients who do not develop inhibitors does not
      markedly differ from that of the general male population.

PMID- 6810914
TI  - Immunohistological comparison of platelet factor 4 (PF4), fibronectin (Fn) and
      factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) in human platelet granules.
AB  - Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to study the localization of platelet
      factor 4 (PF4), fibronectin (Fn) and factor VIII related antigen in washed normal
      platelets and those from patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWd).
      Platelets were prepared by an improved multi-unit modification of the Sayk
      chamber. This facilitated the preparation of samples with minimum disruption of
      platelets and readily permitted the demonstration of intact platelet granules by
      the immunological techniques used. The antigens were demonstrated by treating the
      same preparations sequentially with appropriate heterologous antisera and species
      specific fluorescein or rhodamine conjugated antisera. Comparison of the
      different antigens in identical platelets indicated that Fn and VIIIR:Ag were
      localized to the same granules as PF4 and the results were thus consistent with
      their presence in alpha granules. Fn and PF4, but not VIIIR:Ag, were present in
      platelet granules of patients with severe vWd. The antigens were always detected
      in the same granules, and major sub-populations of differently stained granules
      were not observed. The methods were applied to investigate normal platelets
      aggregated with collagen. Fn and VIIIR:Ag were detected in platelet granules
      after aggregation although the granules themselves were possibly differently
      distributed in these samples compared with the non-aggregated platelets. The
      localization of PF4 could not be reliably assessed in aggregated platelets by
      these methods. The techniques may be useful in localizing platelet antigens and
      studying release during aggregation.

PMID- 6810915
TI  - Assessment of pituitary secretory capacity in women with hypogonadotrophic
      hypogonadism by using a long-acting synthetic analogue of luteinizing hormone
      releasing factor.
AB  - The gonadotrophin responses to single and repeated injections of a long-acting
      synthetic analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF), d
      Ser(TBU)6EA10LHRH, were investigated in 10 women with normoprolactinaemic
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Abnormal luteinizing hormone (LH) responses were
      observed in two of the five patients treated with 5 micrograms of the analogue
      and in all five patients treated with three injections of 10, 20 and 10
      micrograms administered at intervals of 10-14 h. However, the LH response to
      repeated injections of the analogue was of similar magnitude and duration to that
      observed in normal women in response to an oestrogen provocation test in the
      early-to-mid follicular phase of the cycle. Thus failure of the LH response to
      oestrogen provocation in women with hypogonadotrophism results from hypothalamic
      rather than primary pituitary dysfunction. This study confirms the usefulness of
      this analogue of LRF in the assessment of pituitary secretory function in women
      with abnormal responses to oestrogen positive feed-back.

PMID- 6810916
TI  - Effects of arginine and lysine addition to casein and soya-bean protein on serum
      lipids, apolipoproteins, insulin and glucagon in rats.
AB  - 1. The effect of variation in arginine: lysine on the relative cholesterolaemic
      effects of dietary soya-bean protein and casein was studied. Male rats received
      semi-purified diets containing soya-bean protein isolate or casein supplemented
      respectively with varying amounts of lysine or arginine for 40 d and blood
      samples were taken after a 5 h fast. 2. Neither the addition of arginine to
      casein nor lysine to soya-bean protein modified the intrinsic effect of these
      proteins on serum cholesterol. 3. Serum triglyceride levels tended to rise with
      increasing amounts of lysine supplementation. The opposite trend was obtained
      with arginine supplementation. 4. Casein caused an increase in the concentration
      of serum insulin, but not glucagon. The glucagon level was increased
      proportionately with increasing amounts of arginine, while the addition of lysine
      showed no effect. The effects of added amino acids on serum insulin were
      inconclusive. 5. There was a parallel increase in serum apo E and glucagon in
      response to arginine supplementation, while lysine supplementation increased
      serum apo E. 6. Thus, arginine: lysine was more effective in regulating serum
      triglyceride than serum cholesterol. Insulin was associated with different
      effects of these proteins on serum lipids.

PMID- 6810917
TI  - The measurement of liquid and solid digesta retention in ruminants, equines and
      rabbits given timothy (Phleum pratense) hay.
AB  - 1. Digesta passage and retention were measured in heifers, sheep, goats, equines
      and rabbits of varying body-weights when given timothy (Phleum pratense) hay. 2.
      Two passage markers were compared, cobalt (III) ethylene diamine tetraacetate
      (CoEDTA) and chromiummordanted timothy fibre for liquid and solid phase
      respectively. Both markers were injected into the rumen of the ruminants and into
      the caecum of the equines and rabbits. 3. In ruminants, two different sets of
      rate constants (k1 and k2) were derived from a two-pool model for marker passage,
      using a graphical approach and a computer-based non-linear least-squares curve
      fitting technique. 4. Retention times, due to unidirectional flow through the
      gastrointestinal tract (transit time) and due to pool effects (mean retention
      time, MRT), were calculated. 5. Curve fitting was only successful for the
      excretion of liquids in ruminants. The two-pool model was not applicable to the
      passage of solids. 6. Apparent retention of liquid was always shorter than for
      solids in all species, except in rabbits. However, absorption of CoEDTA was too
      large in the rabbits to determine liquid retention accurately. Times for first
      appearance of the two markers were similar within animal groups. 7. MRT values
      were lowest in the rabbit, intermediate in equines and high in the ruminants. The
      MRT values (h) of solids and liquids respectively were: large heifers 65, 18;
      small heifers 48, 20; goats 41, 28; sheep 57, 26; equines 23, 18; rabbits 5.3,
      not determined. 8. Liquid retention seemed to decrease somewhat with increasing
      body-weight in the ruminants. Solids retention decreased with decreasing body
      weight in the ruminants, but sheep had longer retention times than goats of
      similar size. Equines exhibited large individual variation in retention of the
      liquid or solid markers, seemingly unrelated to size. No effect of size was seen
      in the retention of solids in the rabbits.

PMID- 6810918
TI  - Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of sheep.
AB  - Protozoa were labelled by incubating 100 ml rumen fluid with [14C]choline for 1
      h. The protozoa were concentrated by centrifugation and then washed with rumen
      fluid. This reduced residual 14C in the fluid medium to insignificant amounts
      while still retaining the viability of the labelled protozoa. Washing procedures
      using formal saline (40 g formaldehyde/1 saline (9 g sodium chloride/1)) and
      saline were developed to isolate protozoa for estimation of specific
      radioactivity. 2. The protozoal pool in freshly-collected rumen fluid incubated
      in vitro retained 90% of the radioactivity for up to 6 h following addition of
      14C-labelled protozoa produced as indicated previously. The specific
      radioactivity of protozoa did not change during the incubation period. 3.
      Protozoa labelled with [14C]choline and then stored until they died rapidly lost
      14C to methane when they were incubated in rumen fluid or were injected into the
      rumen. Some [14C]choline was salvaged under these conditions by the live protozoa
      present as they apparently incorporated up to 13% of the label from the dead
      protozoa. However, protozoal debris from the injected solution could also have
      been present in the isolated protozoa. 4. The in vitro results suggested that the
      protozoal preparations were viable, and that the incorporated choline did not
      have a turnover in excess of the turnover of nitrogen (i.e. specific
      radioactivity remained constant with time in vitro) suggesting that the dilution
      of specific radioactivity of protozoa following mixing of a 14C-labelled dose of
      protozoa represented the rate of irreversible loss and also replacement of
      protozoa in the rumen. 5. 14C-labelled protozoa had a half-life in the rumen
      which was greater than that of rumen fluid and in six animals the protozoal
      replacement rate was 1-4.1 mg N/min. 6. Losses of 14C from labelled protozoa in
      the rumen in methane or via abomasal digesta were 65 and 35% respectively. 7. The
      results suggest that protozoal growth may be as high as 32% of the total
      microbial protein synthesis in the rumen but that 65% of the protozoa die and are
      degraded in the rumen.

PMID- 6810919
TI  - Dynamics and topographical distribution of surface glycoproteins during myoblast
      fusion: a resonance energy transfer study.
AB  - We have investigated changes in topography and lateral translational mobility of
      concanavalin A (Con A) receptors on the surface of cultured chick muscle cells
      during the period of myoblast fusion. A temporal correlation between these
      phenomena and the alteration in membrane fluidity known to occur during this time
      period is established. Receptor topography and mobility are studied by means of a
      resonance energy transfer technique employing pyrene- and FITC-Con A conjugates.
      All measurements are performed through a microscope on single cells. Our results
      reveal that during the period of myoblast fusion Con A receptors undergo a
      dramatic redistribution on the cell surface. Furthermore, our data suggest that
      the changes in membrane fluidity observed during muscle differentiation serve to
      modulate the lateral mobility of these receptors.

PMID- 6810920
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated chloroplasts and chloroplast extracts
      of maize.
AB  - Isolated chloroplasts are capable of synthesizing chloroplast DNA in the presence
      of Mg2+ and deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The in vitro reaction proceeds for at
      least 60 min and is inhibited by KC1 and N-ethylmaleimide. Stretches of several
      hundred nucleotides in length are synthesized within an hour. Little or no
      inhibition is shown by aphidicolin (an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase
      alpha), dideoxythymidine triphosphate (an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases
      beta and gamma), nalidixic acid, or rifampicin. Ethidium bromide is a moderate
      inhibitor of DNA synthesis in the isolated chloroplast. Soluble extracts of
      chloroplasts will copy exogenously added recombinant plasmid circular DNA
      containing fragments of chloroplast DNA, and this reaction is strongly inhibited
      by ethidium bromide. Copying of the plasmid DNA takes place on the relaxed
      circular or linear forms of the DNA, but no specific initiation sites on the
      chloroplasts' DNA fragments of the recombinant plasmids have been detected. Our
      data are consistent with a repair mechanism operating in vitro but may also
      represent incomplete replicative DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6810921
TI  - Antitumor proteins of Streptomyces macromomyceticus: purification and
      characterization of auromomycin, macromomycin A, and macromomycin D.
AB  - Macromomycin A and the two related proteins auromomycin and macromomycin D were
      isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptomyces macromomyceticus by
      chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, Amberlite XAD-7, and decylagarose.
      Antibodies prepared against macromomycin A showed antigenic identity by
      Ouchterlony double diffusion between the three purified proteins. This similarity
      was further demonstrated by their behavior on disc gel electrophoresis, the amino
      acid compositions, and comparative peptide mapping of the aminoethylated
      derivatives. They differed, however, in other chemical and biological properties.
      Auromomycin and macromomycin A, pI 5.4, have antibiotic activity, which is absent
      in macromomycin D, pI 5.2. This antibiotic activity was associated with
      chromophore groups that were extractable by methanol. High-pressure liquid
      chromatography of the methanol extracts gave difference profiles for each of the
      purified proteins. The differences in the three proteins extended to their
      ultraviolet-visible spectra, fluorescence and circular dichroism, and the changes
      of these properties with heating. The heat denaturation, with auromomycin and
      macromomycin melting at 70.5 degrees C and macromomycin D at 57.0 degrees C, was
      reversible. Changes were noted in the spectra both during and following heating
      at 80 degrees C; the antibacterial activity was lost in auromomycin and only
      partially reduced in macromomycin A. The properties of the three proteins support
      the general similarities in their polypeptide structures, modifications in the
      properties of which are endowed by the differences in the associated nonprotein
      chromophores.

PMID- 6810922
TI  - Reconstitution of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.

PMID- 6810923
TI  - Purification of ornithine decarboxylase from kidneys of androgen-treated mice.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase has been purified to homogeneity from kidneys of androgen
      treated mice. Such kidneys have an enzyme content 2 orders of magnitude greater
      than that of other mammalian tissues such as induced rat liver, and only a 10350
      fold purification was needed for purification. The enzyme preparation gave a
      single band on isoelectric focusing and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      under native and denaturing conditions. These bands corresponded to the enzyme
      activity and to the migration of ornithine decarboxylase labeled by reaction with
      alpha-(difluoromethyl) [5-14C]ornithine, a specific inhibitor. The enzyme has a
      Mr of about 100 000 and is a dimer of subunit Mr 53 000. The Km for L-ornithine
      was 75 micron and for pyridoxal phosphate, 0.3 micron. The preparation had a
      specific activity of 50 mumol of CO2 produced min-1 mg-1 and bound a
      stoichiometric amount of the irreversible inhibitor, alpha
      (difluoromethyl)ornithine (one molecule per subunit). The purified enzyme was
      unstable even in the presence of 2.5 mM dithiothreitol and 40 micron pyridoxal
      phosphate unless 0.02% Brij 35 was added. In the presence of this detergent, the
      enzyme could be stored with little loss of activity.

PMID- 6810924
TI  - Protein binding sites in nucleation complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4.
AB  - The subgenomic coat protein messenger RNA 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus forms
      complexes with one and three coat protein dimers, which are designated complexes
      I and III, respectively. These complexes were separated, subjected to digestion
      with ribonuclease T1, and filtered onto Millipore filters. Phenol extracts of the
      filters contained specific fragments of RNA 4, which were sequenced after
      electrophoretic separation on nondenaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gels.
      Complex I yielded only a 68-nucleotide fragment including the 3' terminus
      [fragment 814-881 according to the numbering of Brederode, F. Th., Koper
      Zwarthoff, E. C., & Bol, J. F. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 2213-2223]. Complex
      III yielded in addition to the former fragment also other, mostly extracistronic,
      fragments from the 3'-terminal region, as well as fragments from an
      intracistronic region, comprising positions 425-474, in the middle of RNA 4. The
      3'-terminal region was subdivided by small gaps into three coat protein binding
      sites: 799-881, 759-787, and 667-753, designated sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively,
      and possibly representing the sites occupied by the three coat protein dimers. A
      similarity may exist between the secondary structure of sites 1 and 3, which both
      may have three hairpins, two of which flanked at their 3' side by an AUGC
      sequence. Furthermore, a complementarity was noted between the loop of a large
      hairpin which can be drawn in the intracistronic site and the upper part of one
      of the three hairpins in the 3'-terminal site 1. These binding features have been
      combined in a model structure for the complex of RNA 4 with three coat protein
      dimers.

PMID- 6810925
TI  - Resolution of two distinct electron transfer sites on azurin.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin is stoichiometrically and specifically labeled upon
      reduction by Cr(II)aq ions, yielding a substitution-inert Cr(III) adduct on the
      protein surface. We investigated the effect of this chemical modification on the
      reactivity of azurin with two of its presumed partners in the redox system of the
      bacterium. The Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase catalyzed oxidation of reduced
      native and Cr(III)-labeled azurin by O2 was found to be unaffected by the
      modification. The kinetics of the electron exchange reaction between native or
      Cr(III)-labeled azurin and cytochrome c551 were studied by the temperature-jump
      method. Though similar chemical relaxation spectra were observed for native and
      modified systems, they differ quantitatively. Analysis of the concentration
      dependences of the relaxation times and amplitudes showed that both obey the same
      mechanism but that the specific reaction rates of the Cr(III)-modified protein
      are attenuated. This decreased reactivity of Cr(III)-labeled azurin toward one of
      its physiological partners suggests the involvement of the labeled region in the
      electron transfer reaction with cytochrome c551. Furthermore, the presence of a
      second active site, involved in the reduction of cytochrome oxidase, is suggested
      by the results.

PMID- 6810926
TI  - Phospholipid molecular species alterations in microsomal membranes as an initial
      key step during cellular acclimation to low temperature.

PMID- 6810927
TI  - Changes in the lipid composition and physical properties of Tetrahymena ciliary
      membranes following low-temperature acclimation.

PMID- 6810928
TI  - Phospholipid molecular species alterations in Tetrahymena ciliary membranes
      following low-temperature acclimation.
AB  - The molecular species compositions of phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and 2-(aminoethyl)-phosphonolipid, the three principal
      phosphoglycerides of Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliary membranes, have been
      determined by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the tert
      butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of their phospholipase C derived diglycerides.
      There were striking changes in the molecular species composition of
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine after the cells were chilled
      from 39 to 15 degrees C. The low temperature induced changes occurring in each
      phospholipid class were markedly different from those taking place in the other
      two. The molecular species patterns of the ciliary phosphoglycerides resembled in
      a qualitative way the patterns found in their microsomal counterparts. However,
      the relative proportions of many molecular species within each ciliary
      phospholipid class were very different from those of the corresponding microsomal
      component, and changes induced in a particular microsomal phospholipid class by
      chilling were often absent or even reversed in the equivalent ciliary
      phospholipid. Compositional changes in ciliary phospholipids during low
      temperature acclimation were greater in nearly all respects than were concurrent
      changes in microsomal phospholipids. The molecular species data confirm that the
      cell possesses a variety of highly selective mechanisms allowing those organelles
      which accept phospholipids of microsomal origin to retain a surprising degree of
      independence in responding to environmental stress.

PMID- 6810929
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of the spontaneous transfer of fluorescent
      phosphatidylcholines between apolipoprotein-phospholipid recombinants.

PMID- 6810930
TI  - The effect of pH on the rate of relaxation of isolated barnacle myofibrillar
      bundles.

PMID- 6810931
TI  - Evaluation by capacitance measurements of antidiuretic hormone induced membrane
      area changes in toad bladder.
AB  - A technique for estimating effective transepithelial capacitance in vitro was
      used to investigate changes in epithelial cell membrane area in response to
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH) exposure in toad bladder. The results indicate that
      transepithelial capacitance increases by about 30% within 30 min after serosal
      ADH addition and decreases with ADH removal. This capacitance change is not
      blocked by amiloride and occurs whether or not there is a transepithelial osmotic
      gradient. It is blocked by methohexital, a drug which specifically inhibits the
      hydro-osmotic response of toad bladder to ADH. We conclude that the hydro-osmotic
      response of toad bladder to ADH is accompanied by addition of membrane to the
      plasmalemma of epithelial cells. This new membrane may contain channels that are
      permeable to water. Stimulation of Na+ transport by ADH is not related to
      membrane area changes, but appears to reflect activation of Na+ channels already
      present in the cell membrane before ADH challenge.

PMID- 6810932
TI  - Diamine oxidase activity induction in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - The synthesis and turnover of diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity was studied
      in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy using inhibitors of protein
      and RNA syntheses. The administration to animals of cycloheximide or actinomycin
      D prevented the increase in diamine oxidase activity normally observed during the
      first hours after hepatectomy. The study of the turnover rate of diamine oxidase
      with cycloheximide demonstrated that the half-life of this enzyme was about 15 h
      in normal and regenerating liver. These results suggest that the rise in diamine
      oxidase activity in regenerating rat liver was due to the synthesis of new enzyme
      rather than to a lengthening of its turnover.

PMID- 6810933
TI  - Alteration of kidney brush border membrane maltase in aging rats.
AB  - The specific activities of membrane-bound maltase (alpha-d-glucoside
      glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) in renal cortex homogenates and isolated brush
      border membranes of senescent rats decreased about 30% compared to the specific
      activities of the enzyme from young adult animals. The decline was gradual and
      concomitant with the aging process. When the enzymes from rats of 25 and 6 months
      of age were solubilized and purified to homogeneity the same decrement with age
      was found, 32.5 and 46.1 units/mg of protein, respectively. This finding suggests
      that the decrease in maltase activity with age results from an alteration in the
      enzyme per se, rather than from a change in the enzyme's membrane environment,
      which was reflected secondarily as a loss in activity. Recoveries of enzyme
      activity and protein and fold-purification were similar for young and old
      maltase, indicating that the age-related difference in specific activities of the
      pure enzymes was not due to the selective purification of an altered species of
      enzyme. The age-associated difference in activity was not attributable to the
      presence of proteolytic activity in the homogenate nor to the presence of an
      activator in the young or an inhibitor in the old kidney. The pure enzymes from
      young adult and aged animals did not differ in molecular weight, electrophoretic
      mobility, amino acid composition and Km value. Circular dichroism spectra
      revealed that both the young and old enzymes contained beta-structure. However,
      the old enzyme had more helical structure than did the young enzyme, suggesting a
      conformational alteration with age.

PMID- 6810934
TI  - NH2-terminal analysis of four of the polymorphic forms of human serum amyloid A
      proteins.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that the serum amyloid A proteins (SAA) occur in six
      related polymorphic forms of indistinguishable molecular weights and COOH
      terminal sequence. We have now obtained very homogeneous preparations of four of
      these proteins and shown that their amino acid compositions are similar but not
      identical. Two of these, SAA1 and SAA4, have the same 20 NH2-terminal residues
      despite striking differences in electrophoretic mobility and solution properties.
      SAA5 and SAA2, respectively, lack one and three of the NH2-terminal residues
      common to SAA1 and SAA4. The data are consistent with the postulate that some of
      the SAA polymorphs are products of different genes.

PMID- 6810935
TI  - Abnormally high tolerance against proteolysis of an exo-oligo-1,6-glucosidase
      from a thermophile Bacillus thermoglucosidius KP 1006, compared with its
      mesophilic counterpart from Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064.

PMID- 6810937
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of two forms of urinary trypsin
      inhibitor.
AB  - Crude urinary trypsin inhibitor was obtained by DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography from normal fresh urine. By the purification of the crude urinary
      inhibitor on successive chromatography methods using Sephacryl S-200, DEAE
      cellulose, CM-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100, we detected two forms of
      urinary trypsin inhibitor: form I and form II. The specific activity of form I
      increased approx. 4-fold with a recovery of 60%, as compared to that of crude
      urinary trypsin inhibitor. N-terminal amino acids of form I and form II were
      determined to be alanine and valine, respectively. Molecular weights of forms I
      and II were estimated to be 67000 and 28000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100
      and to be 43000 and 19000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. S
      carboxymethylated form I migrated as a single band corresponding to a molecular
      weight of 59000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the results of
      the determination of a single N-terminal amino acid of form I and a single band
      of S-carboxymethylated form I, it is indicated that it is composed of single
      polypeptide chain. And the present study suggests that form I is a native form of
      trypsin inhibitor in normal human urine and form II is a fragmented product from
      form I in the purification steps.

PMID- 6810936
TI  - The role of the sugar regions of components of the cytochrome P-450-linked mixed
      function oxidase (monooxygenase) system of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450scc from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria was found to be a
      glycoprotein, similar to NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase. The role of sugar moieties
      of components of the cytochrome P-450-linked mixed-function oxidase system was
      investigated. The NADPH-ferricyanide reductase activity of NADPH-adrenodoxin
      reductase was not affected by neuraminidase treatment, but NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin was lost.
      Cytochrome P-450scc treated with neuraminidase could not be reduced by NADPH
      adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin, and the side-chain cleavage activity of
      cholesterol by the cytochrome P-450-linked mixed-function oxidase system was lost
      by neuraminidase treatment of cytochrome P-450scc or NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase
      or both. These results indicate that the sugar moieties of the components of the
      cytochrome P-450-linked mixed-function oxidase system are necessary for binding
      and attaching of the components and electron transport.

PMID- 6810938
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of prochymosin and chymosin from cat.
AB  - Extracts of cat gastric mucosa contain a zymogen that after activation shows
      partial immunochemical identity with chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) from calf. Cat
      prochymosin has been purified by column chromatography and gel filtration, and
      cat chymosin was obtained after acid activation of the zymogen. The enzyme showed
      the optimum of general proteolytic activity at pH 2.5. The amino acid
      compositions of cat prochymosin and chymosin were similar to those of the
      corresponding proteins from calf. The first 27 residues of both cat prochymosin
      and chymosin have been sequenced. Among these 54 positions only 13 differences
      have been observed between the proteins from cat and calf. The results support
      the hypothesis that the chymosins form a group of neonatal gastric proteases with
      high milk-clotting activity, but with such weak general proteolytic activity that
      postnatal uptake of IgG is not hindered.

PMID- 6810939
TI  - Recombination kinetics following nanosecond laser photolysis of
      carbonmonoxyhaemogloblin.
AB  - The kinetics of the ultrafast ligand recombination following 347 nm laser
      photolysis of aqueous solutions of carbonmonoxyhaemogloblin have been
      investigated. The process is biphasic and the rate constants for the two
      processes as functions of temperature have been used to give activation energies
      of 6 +/- 3.9 kJ . mol-1 for the fast process and 31 +/- 4.8 kJ . mol-1 for the
      slow process. Frequency factors have also been calculated. The two processes are
      discussed in relation to both low-temperature studies and model calculations on
      the rate of entry of carbon monoxide into haem proteins.

PMID- 6810941
TI  - Human high density lipoprotein (HDL3) binding to rat liver plasma membranes.
AB  - The binding of human 125I-labeled HDL3 to purified rat liver plasma membranes was
      studied. 125I-labeled HDL3 bound to the membranes with a dissociation constant of
      10.5 micrograms protein/ml and a maximum binding of 3.45 micrograms protein/mg
      membrane protein. The 125I-labeled HDL3-binding activity was primarily associated
      with the plasma membrane fraction of the rat liver membranes. The amount of 125I
      labeled HDL3 bound to the membranes was dependent on the temperature of
      incubation. The binding of 125I-labeled HDL3 to the rat liver plasma membranes
      was competitively inhibited by unlabeled human HDL3, rat HDL, HDL from nephrotic
      rats enriched in apolipoprotein A-I and phosphatidylcholine complexes of human
      apolipoprotein A-I, but not by human or rat LDL, free human apolipoprotein A-I or
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Human 125I-labeled apolipoprotein A-I complexed
      with egg phosphatidylcholine bound to rat liver plasma membranes with high
      affinity and saturability, and the binding constants were similar to those of
      human 125I-labeled HDL3. The 125I-labeled HDL3-binding activity of the membranes
      was not sensitive to pronase or phospholipase A2; however, prior treatment of the
      membranes with phospholipase A2 followed by pronase digestion resulted in loss of
      the binding activity. Heating the membranes at 100 degrees C for 30 min also
      resulted in an almost complete loss of the 125I-labeled HDL3-binding activity.

PMID- 6810940
TI  - Rabbit liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. The effect of lipid on the rate of
      peroxidation.
AB  - Rat and rabbit liver microsomes catalyze an NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase
      dependent peroxidation of endogenous lipid in the presence of the chelate, ADP
      Fe3+. Although liver microsomes from both species contain comparable levels of
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450, the rate of lipid
      peroxidation (assayed by malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide formation)
      catalyzed by rabbit liver microsomes is only about 40% of that catalyzed by rat
      liver microsomes. Microsomal lipid peroxidation was reconstituted with liposomes
      made from extracted microsomal lipid and purified protease-solubilized NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase from both rat and rabbit liver microsomes. The results
      demonstrated that the lower rates of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by rabbit liver
      microsomes could not be attributed to the specific activity of the reductase.
      Microsomal lipid from rabbit liver was found to be much less susceptible to lipid
      peroxidation. This was due to the lower polyunsaturated fatty acid content rather
      than the presence of antioxidants in rabbit liver microsomal lipid. Gas-liquid
      chromatographic analysis of fatty acids lost during microsomal lipid peroxidation
      revealed that the degree of fatty acid unsaturation correlated well with rates of
      lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6810942
TI  - The enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid into 8,11,12
      trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. Resolution of rat lung enzyme into two active
      fractions.
AB  - The conversion of arachidonic acid into 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid by
      rat lung high-speed supernatant has been resolved into two separate stages
      through ammonium sulfate precipitation. The first stage is catalysed by 0-30%
      ammonium sulfate fraction and converts arachidonic acid and 12
      hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid into an intermediate, X. X is subsequently
      utilized in the second stage by the fraction sedimented at 30-50% saturation in
      ammonium sulfate to form two isomeric 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.

PMID- 6810943
TI  - The apparent preferential interaction of human plasma high density apolipoprotein
      A-I with gel-state phospholipids.
AB  - The enthalpy, entropy and free energy of activation was measured for the transfer
      of the tryptophan residues of apolipoprotein A-I from a more hydrophobic
      environment of a lipoprotein particle containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      (with or without 12% cholesterol) to an aqueous solvent in the presence of
      varying concentrations of guanidinium chloride. The free energy of activation was
      approximately 25 kcal/mol at 50 degrees C for all the conditions studied. The
      enthalpy of activation was greatest under conditions where a large degree of
      unfolding occurs when the protein dissociated from lipid. However, under these
      conditions the unfavourable activation enthalpy was compensated for by a
      favourable activation entropy resulting in the insensitivity of the free energy
      of activation to the condition of measurement. Apolipoprotein A-I has an apparent
      affinity for gel-state lipid which results from the very slow rate of
      dissociation of the lipoprotein particle below 40 degrees C. It is unlikely that
      the association of apolipoprotein A-I with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine is
      thermodynamically stable only in the temperature region of the phase transition
      but that the association exhibits a large kinetic stability, especially at lower
      temperatures or in the absence of guanidinium chloride.

PMID- 6810944
TI  - Kinetics of spontaneous and plasma-stimulated sphingomyelin transfer.
AB  - The mechanism of transfer of a pyrene-labeled sphingomyelin (PySM) between
      different lipid compartments was studied by a fluorescence technique. The first
      order kinetics are independent of donor and acceptor concentration and the
      identity of the acceptor; the rates are accelerated by 'structure-breaking'
      solutes and inhibited by 'structure-making' solutes. These observations are
      consistent with the transfer of PySM occurring via the aqueous phase that
      separates the donor and acceptor compartments. We have partially purified a
      plasma factor that stimulates the transfer rate. Our in vitro results suggest
      that both spontaneous and stimulated transfer might contribute to the
      redistribution of sphingomyelin in vivo,

PMID- 6810945
TI  - Dexamethasone-induced inhibition of prostaglandin production dose not result from
      a direct action on phospholipase activities but is mediated through a steroid
      inducible factor.
AB  - Investigations were carried out to define the mechanisms of steroid-induced
      inhibition of prostaglandin secretion by rat renomedullary cells in tissue
      culture. Although it was strongly proposed that glucocorticoids may inhibit
      phospholipase A2 activity, we present several pieces of evidence against a direct
      action of dexamethasone on phospholipase activities. First, dexamethasone, which
      significantly decreases the release of labeled material from cells prelabeled
      with [3H]arachidonate, does not significantly alter the pattern of distribution
      of the radioactivity among the various classes of cell lipids. In addition,
      direct measurement of phospholipase A3 activity in dexamethasone-treated cells
      failed to show any significant decrease in the deacylation capacity. On the other
      hand, several indications suggest that dexamethasone may induce the secretion of
      a non-dialysable, transferable factor able to inhibit prostaglandin production,
      the mechanism of which remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6810946
TI  - Predominant synthesis of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by a cloned mastocytoma P
      815 line, 2-E-6 cells.
AB  - Since mouse mast tumor P-815 cells produce the slow reacting substance of
      anaphylaxis, their 5-lipoxygenase activity was examined by determining the
      conversion of arachidonic acid to 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Mast
      tumor cells from mouse ascites fluid synthesized 12-HETE as a major and 5-HETE as
      a minor metabolite. Once the cells were transferred to an in vitro culture
      system, the predominant synthesis of 12-HETE was abolished and synthesis of 5
      HETE was greater than that of 12-HETE. 2-E-6 cells, obtained by cloning the tumor
      cells, synthesized a negligible amount of 12-HETE, but produced a large amount of
      5-HETE. When the 2-E-6 cells were inoculated into mice and harvested again from
      the ascites fluid, their ratio of 5-HETE to 12-HETE synthesis was similar to that
      of normal mouse peritoneal cells; that is, 12-HETE synthesis was much greater
      than 5-HETE synthesis. It is concluded that the predominant synthesis of 12-HETE
      in mast tumor cells was derived from natural peritoneal cells, which have very
      high 12-lipoxygenase activity. The cloned mastocytoma, 2-E-6 cells, should be
      useful in investigating regulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity.

PMID- 6810947
TI  - Phospholipase C activity in rat kidney. Effect of deoxycholate on
      phosphatidylinositol turnover.
AB  - Rat renal cortical and medullary slices incorporate [14C]arachidonate into
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and
      triacylglycerols. The percent distribution of [14C]arachidonate among the various
      phospholipids is similar in renal cortex and medulla, although the total amount
      of radioactively labeled phospholipids is higher in the renal medulla. Subsequent
      incubation of prelabeled slices in the presence of deoxycholate induces a loss of
      radioactivity from [14C]phosphatidylinositol, with a concomitant increase in 1,2
      [14C]diacylglycerol. Neutral lipids are not affected. The degradation of
      phosphatidylinositol to [14C]diacylglycerol indicates the presence of
      phospholipase C activity. Renal medulla seems to be more sensitive to
      deoxycholate than the renal cortex. Deoxycholate also induces slightly the
      disappearance of some 14C radioactivity from phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylcholine, which might reflect activation of phospholipase A2. The
      activity of the phospholipase C could constitute the first step in the sequence
      of reactions that leads to the release of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6810948
TI  - Mechanism of bradykinin-stimulated prostacyclin synthesis in porcine aortic
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Porcine aortic endothelial cells studied at confluence were found to synthesize
      both prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. Addition of arachidonic acid, bradykinin,
      the calcium ionophore A23187 or thrombin stimulated prostaglandin formation,
      whereas addition of angiotensin II did not. Bradykinin was found to stimulate
      very potently arachidonic acid release from cells prelabelled with
      [3H]arachidonate, the response being dose-dependent and half-maximal at 8 ng/ml.
      The rate of release of label (primarily arachidonate) from cells was increased by
      bradykinin (100 ng/ml) approximately 8-fold, with a return to control levels by
      10 min. The calcium ionophore, A23187, similarly released [3H]arachidonic acid
      from prelabelled cells; the rate of release was approximately linear for 15 min.
      Both bradykinin and ionophore A23187 stimulated [3H]arachidonate release from
      endothelial cell phospholipids, an effect which was abolished in a dose-dependent
      manner by mepacrine. Release in response to bradykinin was prevented by
      incubation in Ca2+-free medium. Trifluoperazine, a compound which can inhibit
      calmodulin-mediated events, blocked the release of label stimulated by
      bradykinin. These data indicate that the likely mechanism of bradykinin
      stimulated prostaglandin production in endothelial cells involves the activation
      of a phospholipase via a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent pathway.

PMID- 6810949
TI  - The pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase in heterocysts of the cyanobacterium
      Anabaena cylindrica.
AB  - Heterocyst preparations have been obtained which actively perform nitrogen
      fixation (C2H2 reduction) and contain the enzymes of glycolysis and some of the
      tricarboxylic acid cycle. Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase has been
      unambiguously demonstrated in extracts from heterocysts by the formation of
      acetylcoenzyme A, CO2 and reduced methyl viologen (ferredoxin) from pyruvate,
      coenzyme A and oxidized methyl viologen (ferredoxin) as well as by the synthesis
      of pyruvate from CO2, acetylcoenzyme A and reduced methyl viologen. Pyruvate
      supports C2H2 reduction by isolated heterocysts, however, with lower activity
      than Na2S2O4 and H2. alpha-Ketoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase is absent in
      Anabaena cylindrica, confirming that the organism has an incomplete tricarboxylic
      acid cycle.

PMID- 6810950
TI  - Beta-Xylosidases and a nonspecific wall-bound beta-glucosidase of the yeast
      Cryptococcus albidus.
AB  - Cryptococcus albidus grown on wood xylans possesses a soluble intracellular beta
      xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) as an additional constituent of the xylan-degrading
      enzyme system of this yeast. The enzyme attacks linear 1,4-beta
      xylooligosaccharides in an exo-fashion, liberating xylose from the non-reducing
      ends. The activity of the enzyme increases in the cells during growth on xylan
      and incubation with xylobiose or methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside which are the best
      inducers of extracellular beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). Various alkyl-,alkyl-1-thio
      and aryl beta-D-xylopyranosides were excellent inducers of a different beta
      xylosidase of Cryptococcus albidus. This enzyme is localized outside the plasma
      membrane and is principally associated with cell walls. Unlike the soluble
      intracellular beta-xylosidase, the wall-bound enzyme does not hydrolyze
      xylooligosaccharides. Evidence has been obtained that beta-xylosidase activity in
      the cell walls is not due to the presence of a specific aryl beta-xylosidase, but
      is exhibited by a nonspecific beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) inducible by beta-D
      xylopyranosides. The ratio of beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activity in
      the cells and isolated cell walls from yeast induced by various beta
      xylopyranosides and beta-glucopyranosides was very similar. Both wall-bound
      activities were inhibited in a similar pattern by inhibitors of beta
      glucosidases, 1,5-gluconolactone and nojirimycin. This bifunctional enzyme does
      not bear any relationship to the utilization of xylans in Cryptococcus albidus.

PMID- 6810951
TI  - The mechanism of the hyperglycaemic action of synthetic peptides related to the C
      terminal sequence of human growth hormone.

PMID- 6810952
TI  - Transition temperatures in the sensitivity of Escherichia coli B/r to lysozyme.
AB  - Lysozyme attacked Escherichia coli B/r in the absence of EDTA or imposed osmotic
      shocks when the cells were rapidly cooled below specific temperatures. Cells
      subjected to lysozyme while being cooled to below 20 degrees C began to lose
      ability to subsequently form colonies. This sensitivity increased with decreasing
      temperatures and almost all cells cooled to 0 degrees C were affected. Slightly
      hypertonic solutions did not improve survival. Cells cooled first to as low as 5
      degrees C and then subjected to lysozyme while cool did not lose their ability to
      form colonies subsequent to rewarming. However, 70% of the cells cooled first to
      0 degrees C and subjected to lysozyme lost their colony-forming ability. Cell
      lysis also began when treated near 5 degrees C, but even when treated at 0
      degrees C about 50% of the cells maintained their rod shape in the presence of
      lysozyme. These results are discussed in terms of a possible phase transition in
      a portion of the cell envelope and/or a transient osmotic swelling as a results
      of metabolic pumps failing at the low temperatures.

PMID- 6810953
TI  - Purification and identification of inactive forms of repressible and constitutive
      acid phosphatase in yeast.
AB  - Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, (acid
      optimum) from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified from
      repressed and derepressed cells. Without Triton X-100 in the extraction buffer
      only the constitutive or repressible active enzyme eluted from a Sepharose CL-6B
      column, the last step of the purification procedure. When Triton X-100 was
      included in the extraction buffer, an additional protein peak eluted prior to the
      active acid phosphatase. The material from this new peak, a glycoprotein, had no
      acid phosphatase activity but cross-reacted with antibodies raised against
      repressible acid phosphate. The tryptic fingerprints of the inactive proteins are
      very similar to the ones of the corresponding active enzymes. We conclude that
      this new glycoprotein represents an inactive form of repressible and constitutive
      acid phosphatase. The fact that inactive acid phosphatase can be recovered only
      in the presence of Triton X-100 indicates that it is membrane-bound.

PMID- 6810954
TI  - Purification of two enolases from human brain using a chromatofocusing column.
AB  - When a purified preparation of rat alpha gamma enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate
      hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.11) was applied to a chromatofocusing column, the enolase
      was almost completely dissociated and recombined to form alpha alpha and gamma
      gamma enolases, which were eluted at different fractions from the column. Using
      these phenomena, two homo-dimer forms (alpha alpha and gamma gamma) of human
      brain enolase were purified from a crude preparation of the hybrid alpha gamma
      enolase by the chromatofocusing, and subsequent chromatography on a QAE-Sephadex
      column (alpha alpha) or a DEAE-Sephadex column (gamma gamma). Each purified
      preparation showed a single band on SDS-gel electrophoresis with a relative
      mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of about 50 000. Amino acid
      analysis, peptide mapping analysis with a limited proteolysis and immunochemical
      studies of the purified alpha alpha and gamma gamma enolases revealed that the
      two subunits, alpha and gamma, are distinct proteins. The antisera to human alpha
      alpha or gamma gamma enolase cross-related with the respective form of rat
      enolase.

PMID- 6810955
TI  - Isolation and general characterization of a heat-stable proteinase from
      Pseudomonas fluorescens aft 36.
AB  - An extracellular proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain AFT 36, was
      isolated to homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150; a
      230-fold increase in specific activity with a recovery of 53% was obtained. The
      enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.5 and 45 degrees C; activity declined rapidly
      at higher temperatures but significant activity persisted down to 4 degrees C.
      Activity was strongly inhibited by 10(-3) M EDTA and was partially restored by
      addition of Zn2+, Ca2+ or Co2+. The Km values on methylated casein and sodium
      caseinate were 18.2 and 7.1 mg/ml, respectively. The enzyme was very labile in
      phosphate buffer and in a mild salts buffer at 55 degrees C but was very stable
      in the latter at more than 80 degrees C.

PMID- 6810956
TI  - [Effect of sodium gradient on calcium uptake by plasma membranes of the
      myometrium].
AB  - The effects of sodium gradient on Ca2+ uptake by plasma membranes of the
      myometrium were studied. It was found that the changes in the composition of the
      incubation mixture reduce 45Ca2+ uptake by Na+-loaded vesicles in the following
      order: sucrose greater than Li+ greater than K+ greater than Na+. The ratio of
      45Ca2+ uptake by Na+-loaded vesicles in a KCl-containing medium, i. e. Nai/Ke, to
      the 45Ca2+ uptake by Na+-loaded vesicles in a NaCl-containing medium (Nai/Nae) or
      by K+-loaded vesicles in a KCl-containing medium (Ki/Ke) is 1.9 and 1.3,
      respectively. NaCl (100 mM) in the presence of 1 mM EGTA stimulates the release
      of 45Ca2+ accumulated in the course of the ATP-dependent process much stronger
      than does KCl taken at the same concentration. The plots for the dependence of
      the rate of 45Ca2+ influx into the vesicles on [Nai+] and [Cae2+] are
      characterized by a plateau. LaCl3 (0.1 mM) added to the Na+-loaded vesicles after
      their 5 min incubation with 45Ca2+ and KCl decreases the calcium uptake down to
      70%; when the Na+-loaded vesicles are incubated in a medium wit NaCl and 45Ca2+
      this uptake is decreased down to 50%. Studies on the ionophore A-23187 and Na-DS
      demonstrated that no 45Ca2+ influx into the vesicles stimulated by sodium
      gradient occurs against the electrochemical potential gradient. The role of
      sodium gradient in Ca2+ transport in myometrium cells is discussed.

PMID- 6810957
TI  - [Two forms of carbonic anhydrase from bean chloroplasts].
AB  - The intracellular localization of carboanhydrase from the bean (Vicia faba)
      leaves was investigated. The bulk of the enzyme activity (about 70%) is localized
      in the chloroplasts. The enzyme exists both in the soluble and in membrane-bound
      state. Disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with specific staining for the
      enzyme activity demonstrated that the soluble and membrane-bound carboanhydrases
      from bean chloroplasts are two molecular forms (presumably isoenzymes) differing
      in their electrophoretic mobilities. Protein fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 and a
      subsequent gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and isoelectrofocusing resulted in
      separation of the two forms and their purification to homogeneity. Both
      carboanhydrases differ in pH, specific activity and stability.

PMID- 6810958
TI  - [Interaction of the Cu(Lys)2 complex with the NADPH-dependent microsomal electron
      transport system and microsomal membrane].
AB  - The low molecular weight analog of superoxide dismutase, th Cu(Lys)2 complex
      inhibits the oxidation of type I (piperidinoanthraquinone) and type II(aniline)
      substrates catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. This fact is not associated with the
      conversion of cytochrome P-450 into the inactive form--cytochrome P-420. It was
      shown that the method of determining the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase
      by the cytochrome c reduction rate cannot be employed in the presence of the
      Cu(Lys)2 and Cu(Tyr)2 complexes. Potassium ferricyanide was used to demonstrate
      that Cu(Lys)2 does not affect the NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase activity. The
      inhibiting effect of Cu(Lys)2 on the microsomal oxidation of the substrates does
      not result from the interaction of the complex with the components of the NADPH
      dependent microsomal electron transport system. The effect observed can be
      accounted for by the dismutase-like action of the complex on the superoxide
      radicals generated during the microsomal oxidation of the substrates. The
      interaction of Cu(Lys)2 with the membrane was studied by the ESR method using
      stable nitroxide rabicais. It was shown that the complex cannot freely diffuse
      through the lipid bilayer membrane. A model for Cu(Lys)2 incorporation into the
      membrane is proposed.

PMID- 6810959
TI  - [Catabolism of threonine in the bacterium Clostridium sticklandii].
AB  - Catabolism of L-threonine in the anaerobic bacteria Cl. sticklandii has been
      studied. Degradation of this amino acid was shown to occur with participation of
      the following enzymes: NAD-dependent L-threonine-3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.103),
      glycine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.29), phosphotransacetylase (EC 2.3.1.8) and
      acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1). The presence of the first two enzymes in Clostridia
      has been shown for the first time. A scheme of threonine oxidation down to acetic
      acid and glycine by Cl. sticklandii was proposed. The oxidation of one threonine
      molecule is coupled with phosphorylation of one ADP molecule and reduction of one
      NAD+ molecule.

PMID- 6810960
TI  - [Glycogen phosphorylase isozymes from chicken tissues and changes in the isozyme
      ratio during ontogenesis].
AB  - The isolation of isozymes Ib, IIIb and Lb of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1)
      from chicken tissue is described. Isozymes Ib and IIIb have the same value of
      Km(G-1-P), i.e. 6.2 mM at 2 mM AMP but differ in A0.5(AMP). Isozyme Lb is
      characterized by S0.5(G-1-P) of 15 mM at 2 mM AMP and A0.5(AMP) of 600 muM at 20
      mM G-1-P; for isozyme La these parameters are 3.7 mM and 20 muM, respectively.
      All the three isozymes reveal distinct immunochemical differences. In embryonic
      skeletal muscle the enzyme is represented by isozymes L and III up to the 15th
      way of embryogenesis; after the 17th day--only by isozyme III. In chicken liver
      the enzyme is represented only by isozyme L beginning with the 9th day of
      embryogenesis. At the beginning of tissue differentiation stage (4th day of
      embryogenesis) fetal tissues were found to contain isozymes L and IL.

PMID- 6810961
TI  - [Histamine content and histaminase activity in the rat brain and liver in
      different regimens of hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 6810962
TI  - Chronic depression: response to amitriptyline after discontinuation.

PMID- 6810963
TI  - Interaction of progesterone with testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on follicle
      stimulating hormone release by cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells.

PMID- 6810964
TI  - Influences of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, hypophysectomy and
      orchidectomy on the differentiation of luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone cells and in an ectopic pituitary in the hamster.

PMID- 6810965
TI  - Secretion of testicular transferrin by cultured Sertoli cells is regulated by
      hormones and retinoids.

PMID- 6810966
TI  - Contribution of the ovary versus hypothalamus-pituitary to termination of estrous
      cycles in aging rats using ovarian transplants.

PMID- 6810967
TI  - Follicular fluid stimulation of progesterone secretion: time course, dose
      response and effect of inhibiting de novo cholesterol synthesis.
AB  - This study extends our previous observations of follicular fluid stimulation of
      progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from immature porcine antral follicles
      in vitro. Granulosa cells were incubated with either charcoal-treated fluid from
      large porcine follicles or serum in TC medium 199. Within minutes of the addition
      of follicular fluid to the cells, enhanced progesterone secretion was observed. A
      second, more substantial enhancement of progesterone secretion was observed after
      an additional incubation of 24 to 48 h. As we were unable to detect significant
      amounts of progesterone within either freshly collected or incubated cells,
      follicular fluid appears to stimulate both the synthesis and secretion of
      progesterone rather than just the secretion of preformed progesterone. Inhibition
      of de novo cholesterol synthesis with an inhibitor of the conversion of 7
      dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, reduced progesterone secretion by cells
      incubated with serum to a greater extent than by cells incubated with follicular
      fluid. These studies suggest that follicular fluid may stimulate both de novo
      cholesterol synthesis and progesterone synthesis from preformed cholesterol. A
      dose-response test for follicular fluid stimulation of progesterone secretion
      indicated that 30% follicular fluid in TC medium 199 was as stimulatory as 50%
      follicular fluid. Ten percent follicular fluid was not stimulatory by itself, but
      in combination with 1 microgram of FSH/ml (ovine follicle-stimulating hormone),
      stimulated progesterone secretion to a greater extent than 30% or 50% follicular
      fluid alone.

PMID- 6810968
TI  - Relationships between endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropins,
      and follicular development after weaning in sows.

PMID- 6810969
TI  - A robust comparison of biological shapes.
AB  - Localized differences in the form of two related animal skeletons are more
      effectively determined when resistant fitting techniques are used rather than at
      least squares. The repeated median resistant fitting algorithm is introduced. The
      methods are tested by comparing hominid skulls with those of the least squares
      fit, in that the differences are more readily identified and agree more closely
      with the structural differences perceived on biological grounds.

PMID- 6810971
TI  - The serine codons UCX and AGY are not interchangeable in the mammalian
      mitochondrial genomes.
AB  - The study of silent substitutions in the mammalian mitochondrial genes shows that
      the probability that two species use the same codon is, as a general rule, equal
      to the product of the probabilities of use of this codon in the two species. The
      only appreciable exception is that of serine, for which the UCX and AGY codons
      are not interchangeable.

PMID- 6810970
TI  - Repetitive propagation of action potentials destabilizes the structure of the
      myelin sheath. A dynamic x-ray diffraction study.
AB  - Time courses of myelin lattice swelling in toad sciatic nerves preexposed to
      different treatments were determined by x-ray diffraction using a one-dimensional
      position-sensitive detector. In the nerves supramaximally stimulated for 1 h at
      200 Hz, the subsequent process of myelin swelling occurred 45.0 +/- 7.3 min (n =
      24) sooner than in resting controls. Sciatic nerves incubated for 1 h in a
      Ringer's solution deprived of divalent cations (Ca++ and Mg++) exhibited a
      kinetics of swelling similar to that shown by the stimulated nerves, that is,
      52.5 +/- 14.2 min (n = 6) sooner than controls preincubated for the same time in
      normal Ringer's solution (with divalent cations). The fact that both
      pretreatments supramaximal stimulation and removal of divalent cations from the
      perfusion solution produced a similar effect; namely, a decrease of the myelin
      lattice stability against swelling in distilled water, suggests that the
      repetitive propagation of action potentials could modify the ionic composition at
      either the intraperiod channel or the paranodal axoglial junction complexes.

PMID- 6810972
TI  - [Capacity of diphosphonates to bind calcium and their effect on the osmotic
      permeability of the frog bladder wall].
AB  - Like EDTA, diphosphonates increase permeability of the frog urinary bladder wall
      for water osmotic gradient. Their effect is proportional to the stability of
      their binding with calcium ions. The efficacy of diphosphonates falls upon pH
      decline. The results indicate the significance of Ca binding in cells and
      membrane action of diphosphonates.

PMID- 6810973
TI  - Effects of Aroclor 1254 and No. 2 fuel oil, singly and in combination, on
      predator-prey interactions in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

PMID- 6810974
TI  - Separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from toxaphene by silicic acid column
      chromatography.

PMID- 6810975
TI  - [Blood gas analysers. Old and new apparatus].

PMID- 6810977
TI  - Governmentally initiated assurance programs.

PMID- 6810976
TI  - [Various findings on the indications and results of parenteral feeding and the
      metabolic complications following its use].

PMID- 6810978
TI  - The evaluation of Professional Standards Review Organizations: their part in the
      struggle to assure appropriate health care.

PMID- 6810979
TI  - Housing and the control of vectors of human Chagas' disease in the state of Minas
      Gerais, Brazil.

PMID- 6810981
TI  - Screening for cancer.

PMID- 6810980
TI  - Investigation of the Salmonella typhi-paratyphi carrier state in cases of
      surgical intervention for gallbladder disease.

PMID- 6810983
TI  - Real-time ultrasound as an aid to the planning of radiotherapy.

PMID- 6810982
TI  - Measurement of PCO2 and PO2.

PMID- 6810984
TI  - The effects of chlorotrianisene (Tace) of kinetics of 3H-testosterone metabolism
      in patients with carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Alterations in the metabolism of testosterone and plasma levels of testosterone,
      luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and
      oestradiol were studied in 6 patients with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma
      before and during treatment with chlorotrianisene at a daily dosage of 48 mg for
      14 days. Parameters of plasma kinetics were determined according to the single
      injection technique and the 2-compartment model, and the plasma hormones by
      radioimmunoassay. Chlorotrianisene altered neither plasma levels of testosterone,
      gonadotrophins, prolactin and oestradiol, nor metabolic clearance rate,
      production rate and other kinetic parameters of testosterone. Thus the beneficial
      effects which have been reported previously cannot be explained by suppression of
      peripheral testosterone metabolism.

PMID- 6810985
TI  - Report to the standing committee on urological instruments: lasers in urology.

PMID- 6810986
TI  - Immunodiagnosis and sero-epidemiology of malaria.

PMID- 6810987
TI  - Who is taking their tablets?

PMID- 6810988
TI  - "Type b" cardiology.

PMID- 6810989
TI  - Serological tests for syphilis.

PMID- 6810990
TI  - Image and reality: drugs for the future.

PMID- 6810991
TI  - Is exercise good for high blood pressure?
AB  - Ten men with uncomplicated essential hypertension (mean standing blood pressure
      165/109 mm Hg) and 10 normal controls matched for age and weight were studied for
      the hypotensive potential of moderate exercise. Tests were conducted on a
      treadmill set to induce a steady heart rate of 120 beats/min and performed over
      five 10-minute periods separated by three minutes' rest and finishing with 30
      minutes' sitting quietly in a chair.During exercise the mean systolic pressures
      were identical in the hypertensive patients and controls (175+/-SEM 5 mm Hg), the
      controls therefore sustaining an appreciably greater increase in pressure. During
      the 30-minute rest period after the tests both the control and hypertensive
      groups showed a significant and sustained fall in absolute systolic pressures as
      compared with pre-exercise values (p <0.001), the mean percentage reductions
      being 22% and 25% respectively.If a fall in blood pressure after exercise is
      maintained for four to 10 hours, then a "good walk" twice a day might be
      reasonable treatment for mild hypertension. Studies are continuing to determine
      the amount of exercise needed and the duration for which the reduction in blood
      pressure is maintained.

PMID- 6810992
TI  - Reversal of aplastic anaemia secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus by high
      dose intravenous cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Aplastic anaemia is rare as a primary feature of systemic lupus erythematosus and
      is more commonly a complication of treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Three years
      after starting treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus a 22-year-old woman
      developed bone-marrow depression. Azathioprine was thought to be responsible and
      was withdrawn. The aplastic anaemia worsened despite treatment with prednisolone.
      In view of clinical and serological evidence of lupus disease activity the
      patient was given high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide and the aplastic anaemia
      responded in a sustained manner.In such cases of continued disease activity high
      dose immunosuppressive agents may prove effective.

PMID- 6810993
TI  - Mortality from asthma: a new epidemic in New Zealand.
AB  - Trends in mortality attributed to asthma in the 5-34-year age group were examined
      in New Zealand, Australia, England and Wales, the United States, Canada, and West
      Germany for the years 1959-79. An epidemic of deaths from asthma occurred in the
      mid-1960s in New Zealand, Australia, and England and Wales but not in the other
      countries. In Australia and England and Wales the death rate quickly returned to
      pre-epidemic levels, but in New Zealand the decline in mortality was slow, and by
      1974 the death rate was still almost double the pre-epidemic level. Of great
      concern was an abrupt increase in reported deaths from asthma in New Zealand
      after 1976 with the mortality rate during 1977-9 being greater than during the
      previous epidemic. In contrast, asthma mortality had remained relatively stable
      in the other populations.The new epidemic in New Zealand was investigated and
      appeared to be real. It could not be explained by changes in the classification
      of deaths from asthma, inaccuracies in death certification, or changes in
      diagnostic fashions. The most likely explanation appeared to be related to the
      management of asthma in New Zealand, and this is being investigated.

PMID- 6810994
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children.
AB  - A preliminary study of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of four
      normal children (36 weeks' postmenstrual age to 5 years) showed long T(1) areas
      in the periventricular region of the neonate as well as evidence of progressive
      myelinisation with increasing age. Study of 18 patients of 40 weeks'
      postmenstrual age to 4 years showed an apparent deficit in myelinisation in an
      infant with probable rubella embryopathy and another with ventricular dilatation
      of unknown cause. Abnormal scans were obtained in an infant with congenital
      muscular dystrophy, and abnormalities were visualised at the lateral ventricular
      margins in a case of acute hydrocephalus after shunt blockage. Periventricular
      regions of increased T(2) were seen in a term infant aged 4 days after severe
      birth asphyxia and convulsions.Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging appears to
      provide a unique demonstration of myelinisation in vivo and shows changes in
      pathological processes of importance in paediatric practice.

PMID- 6810995
TI  - Can a cat smother and kill a baby?

PMID- 6810996
TI  - Glaucoma and driving.

PMID- 6810997
TI  - Metabolic consequences of salbutamol poisoning reversed by propranolol.

PMID- 6810998
TI  - Aminophylline toxicity in the elderly.

PMID- 6810999
TI  - Steatorrhoea after tetracycline.

PMID- 6811001
TI  - Problems in doing operational research.

PMID- 6811000
TI  - The case in favour.

PMID- 6811002
TI  - I am an alcoholic.

PMID- 6811003
TI  - Organisation of diabetic care.

PMID- 6811004
TI  - Cardiology in a district hospital.
AB  - During 1975-81 a non-invasive cardiac unit was established at St Peter's
      Hospital, Chertsey, a district hospital serving a population of 202 000. There
      was a progressive increase in outpatient referrals in cardiology, and in 1981 non
      invasive investigations included 424 echocardiograms, 305 exercise
      electrocardiograms, 275 ambulatory electrocardiograms, and 147 thallium-201
      studies. Between 1979 and 1981, 151 patients were admitted directly to major
      centres for further investigation; 74% of those with ischaemic heart disease and
      68% of those with valvular heart disease subsequently underwent surgery, a ratio
      of investigation to surgery that is half the norm for the four metropolitan
      regions. Based on the 1981 figures, which were substantially above those for
      1980, there is a need for a minimum of 270 open heart operations per million of
      the population including 180 vein bypass operations. This figure for bypass
      grafting is 230% higher than in the United Kingdom as a whole in 1978 and has
      substantial implications.

PMID- 6811005
TI  - Malaria in new guinea.

PMID- 6811007
TI  - Maternal nutrition, breast-feeding, and contraception.

PMID- 6811006
TI  - Nebulised salbutamol and angina.

PMID- 6811008
TI  - Sulpiride improves inadequate lactation.

PMID- 6811009
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6811011
TI  - Do alcoholics recover?

PMID- 6811010
TI  - Hypertension: comparison of drug and non-drug treatments.

PMID- 6811012
TI  - Benoxaprofen.

PMID- 6811013
TI  - Prescription-event monitoring.

PMID- 6811014
TI  - Chest radiography as a marker of alcoholism.

PMID- 6811017
TI  - Cigarette consumption and biochemical measures of smoke intake.

PMID- 6811015
TI  - Diabetic complications: retinopathy.

PMID- 6811016
TI  - The arms race and health care.

PMID- 6811018
TI  - Nicotine chewing-gum.

PMID- 6811019
TI  - Methaemoglobinaemia due to monolinuron-not paraquat.

PMID- 6811020
TI  - Warfarin and albumin.

PMID- 6811022
TI  - Electric convulsion therapy apparatus.

PMID- 6811021
TI  - Interactions between flurbiprofen and coumarins.

PMID- 6811023
TI  - Bromocriptine in management of large pituitary tumours.

PMID- 6811024
TI  - Unusual complication of perforated appendix.

PMID- 6811025
TI  - Laser photoradiation for lung cancer.

PMID- 6811026
TI  - Claims about compression treatment for venous disease.

PMID- 6811027
TI  - In search of an optimal health care system.

PMID- 6811028
TI  - Think of a number.

PMID- 6811029
TI  - Breech: vaginal delivery or caesarean section?

PMID- 6811030
TI  - Management of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6811031
TI  - Hepatic granulomas.

PMID- 6811032
TI  - Blood donors with a history of jaundice.

PMID- 6811033
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with primary thrombocythaemia.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum is most commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease
      and rheumatoid arthritis, but it has been associated with various haematological
      malignancies. A 54-year-old man with no history of bowel disease or arthritis
      presented with a leg ulcer, which healed after treatment. Results of bone marrow
      aspiration were compatible with primary thrombocythaemia. Seven weeks later there
      were pronounced recurrence of the ulceration and pyoderma gangrenosum was
      diagnosed. The appearance of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with blood disorders
      may differ from that associated with bowel and joint disease.

PMID- 6811034
TI  - Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and diabetic
      complications.
AB  - Many diabetics who take chlorpropamide (a sulphonylurea compound) experience
      facial flushing after drinking even small amounts of alcohol. These flushers have
      a noticeably lower prevalence of late complications of diabetes (microangiopathy,
      macroangiopathy, and neuropathy) than non-flushers. This flush reaction is
      accompanied by increased blood acetaldehyde concentrations, suggesting an
      inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the present study the activity
      of this enzyme in erythrocytes was assessed in the absence of chlorpropamide.
      Erythrocyte homogenates obtained from flushers and non-flushers were incubated
      with acetaldehyde and the rate of metabolism studies. Flushers eliminated
      acetaldehyde more slowly at a low range of concentrations (0--30 mumol/l),
      suggesting a difference in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Further studies are
      needed to clarify the role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic
      complications.

PMID- 6811035
TI  - Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor: a study in Sudanese children.
AB  - Blood and urine samples from 252 Sudanese children were investigated for their
      aflatoxin content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The children
      comprised 44 with kwashiorkor, 32 with marasmic kwashiorkor, 70 with marasmus,
      and 106 age-matched, normally nourished controls. Aflatoxins were detected more
      often and at higher concentrations in sera from children with kwashiorkor than in
      the other malnourished and control groups. Aflatoxicol, a metabolite of
      aflatoxins B1 and B2, was detected in the sera of children with kwashiorkor and
      marasmic kwashiorkor but not in the controls and only once in a marasmic child.
      The difference between children with kwashiorkor or marasmic kwashiorkor and
      those in the control or marasmus groups was significant. Urinary aflatoxin was
      most often detected in children with kwashiorkor but their mean concentration was
      lower than in the other groups. Aflatoxicol was not detected in urine in any
      group. These findings suggest either that the children with kwashiorkor have a
      greater exposure to aflatoxins or that their ability to transport and excrete
      aflatoxins is impaired by the metabolic derangements associated with kwashiorkor.
      The presence of aflatoxicol in the sera of children with kwashiorkor but not in
      the others suggests a difference in metabolism between the two groups. Further
      studies are needed, and measurement of aflatoxins in the food eaten by these
      children is already underway.

PMID- 6811036
TI  - Antenatal screening by measurement of symphysis-fundus height.
AB  - A study was undertaken to assess the value of symphysis-fundus measurement as a
      screening procedure for intrauterine growth retardation. The reproducibility of
      this measurement was investigated in two groups of six patients, each measured
      six times by six different observers. The intraobserver coefficient of variation
      was 4.6% and the interobserver coefficient of variation 6.4%. There was no
      evidence that experience aided consistency. A chart of symphysis-fundus
      measurements derived from Cardiff data was found to be similar to others
      previously published, and one measurement below the 10th centile identified 64%
      of pregnancies in which the eventual birth weight was below the 10th centile for
      gestational age. Symphysis-fundus measurement is a useful screening test; one
      chart could be used for any Caucasian population and should be incorporated into
      the maternity services "co-operation card."

PMID- 6811038
TI  - High plasma calcitonin concentrations in chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6811037
TI  - Terbutaline aerosol given through pear spacer in acute severe asthma.

PMID- 6811039
TI  - Severe metabolic acidosis early in paracetamol poisoning.

PMID- 6811040
TI  - Efficacy of a combination of sodium valproate and baclofen in Meige's disease
      (idiopathic orofacial dystonia).

PMID- 6811041
TI  - Rising female predominance in incidence of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 6811042
TI  - Endocarditis due to viridans-type streptococci tolerant to beta-lactam
      antibiotics: therapeutic problems.

PMID- 6811043
TI  - Practising prevention: adolescents.

PMID- 6811044
TI  - Part-time staff: what may influence your choice?

PMID- 6811045
TI  - North Camden community psychiatric nursing service.

PMID- 6811046
TI  - Does life-long exercise protect against heart attack?

PMID- 6811047
TI  - Parents' meetings in two neonatal units: a way of increasing support for parents.
AB  - For a combined total of three years meetings have been held regularly on two
      neonatal units for parents with infants requiring neonatal intensive care. These
      meetings give parents an opportunity to meet each other and members of staff in
      an informal atmosphere in the hope that mutual support will be gained. Initial
      assessment shows that the parents gain confidence in their ability to look after
      such small babies. The staff have gained a greater insight into the parents'
      anxieties and problems and changes have been made in the procedures on these
      units. If new insight is to result in changes that benefit the parents their
      views must be made known and taken into account when policy decisions are made.

PMID- 6811048
TI  - ABC of diabetes: practical problems.

PMID- 6811049
TI  - Gastrointestinal endoscopy: some perspectives.
AB  - Remarkable technological advances of fibreoptic endoscopy in the past two decades
      have produced important improvements in diagnosis and treatment of
      gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. These advances must be kept in
      perspective; continuing, critical assessment of their contribution to the
      management of patients is desirable. Endoscopy can have adverse effects on the
      total performance of departments of gastroenterology, on gastroenterology as a
      discipline, and even on the status of the medical profession in the community.
      Gastroenterologists need to show proficiency of performance and integrity of
      practice. Control may be achieved by certification delineation of privileges,
      peer review, public accountability, and realistic financial returns for
      procedures. Records of a department of gastroenterology indicate that some
      control may be achieved by insistence on a consultation before decision on
      endoscopy. This may be a desirable alternative to endoscopy on demand. Undue
      emphasis on technology runs some risk of destroying the proper practice of
      consultant medicine.

PMID- 6811051
TI  - Long-stay care for elderly people.

PMID- 6811052
TI  - Clostridium difficile in toxic megacolon.

PMID- 6811050
TI  - Survey of antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery in Scotland.
AB  - The current use of prophylactic antibiotics in gastrointestinal surgery in
      Scotland was established by postal questionnaire. Twenty-one per cent of surgeons
      used prophylactic antibiotics during cholecystectomy, 49% during appendicectomy,
      and 95% for elective colorectal surgery. Two-thirds of those surgeons who did not
      provide routine antibiotic cover considered that the incidence of wound sepsis in
      their surgical practice was too low to merit special measures. Most surgeons
      using prophylaxis chose an appropriate antibiotic. The parenteral route for
      administration of antibiotic was used by 93% of surgeons during cholecystectomy,
      29% during appendicectomy, and 45% in elective colorectal surgery. Most did not
      prolong cover beyond 24 hours postoperatively. This survey shows that the
      concepts governing the use of antibiotic prophylaxis have been absorbed into
      current surgical practice. Most surgeons used appropriate antibiotic regimens;
      many prefer the parenteral route of administration; most do not prolong cover
      beyond 24 hours.

PMID- 6811053
TI  - Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labour.

PMID- 6811054
TI  - Standard intravenous regional analgesia.

PMID- 6811055
TI  - The Hunter School of Medicine.

PMID- 6811056
TI  - Deaths and anaesthesia.

PMID- 6811057
TI  - Cost of anaesthesia.

PMID- 6811058
TI  - Elderly patients in a general surgical unit: do they block beds?

PMID- 6811059
TI  - Ultrasound measurements of the spinal canal in spinal stenosis.

PMID- 6811060
TI  - Communicable disease associated with milk and dairy products.

PMID- 6811061
TI  - Pulmonary fibrosis and amiodarone.

PMID- 6811062
TI  - Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation: an underdiagnosed condition?

PMID- 6811063
TI  - Routine immunisation in adults.

PMID- 6811064
TI  - Sexual problems of diabetic men.

PMID- 6811065
TI  - Deaths after intravenous regional anaesthesia.

PMID- 6811066
TI  - Monetarism and health.

PMID- 6811067
TI  - Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 6811068
TI  - Seasonal variation in arterial blood pressure.
AB  - Blood pressure measurements recorded during the medical Research Council's
      treatment trial for mild hypertension have been analysed according to the
      calendar month in which the readings were made. For each age, sex, and treatment
      group systolic and diastolic pressures were higher in winter than in summer. The
      seasonal variation in blood pressure was greater in older than in younger
      subjects and was highly significantly related to maximum and minimum daily air
      temperature measurements but not to rainfall.

PMID- 6811069
TI  - Energy intake and weight gain of very low birthweight babies fed raw expressed
      breast milk.
AB  - The energy intake and weight gain of low birthweight infants (under 1500 g) fed
      expressed breast milk were measured. Between the second and fourth weeks of life
      the mean energy intake was 577 kJ (138 kcals)/kg/day and the mean weekly increase
      in weight 119 g/week. Feeding energy-rich hind milk to two babies increased their
      energy intake but had little effect on their rate of weight gain. There appeared
      to be no correlation between energy intake and weight gain, probably owing to
      variation in the absorption of nutrients from expressed breast milk. This study
      forms a basis for a comparison of weight gain in babies fed alternative regimens
      of artificial milks.

PMID- 6811071
TI  - Bronchiolectasis-a complication of artificial ventilation.
AB  - Pulmonary barotrauma associated with artificial ventilation is recognised
      clinically as pneumothorax, pneumo-mediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema. Eleven
      patients who died in the intensive therapy unit after artificial ventilation were
      found at necropsy to have pronounced bronchiolectasis, which was associated with
      a greatly increased physiological dead space during life. The condition was best
      predicted by the maximum level of positive end expiratory pressure and the
      duration of application of positive end expiratory pressure. The clinical course
      of the lesion in survivors is not known. Further detailed studies are needed, but
      it is suggested that high levels of positive end expiratory pressure should be
      used with caution.

PMID- 6811072
TI  - Spreading cortical venous thrombosis due to infusion of hyperosmolar solution
      into the internal jugular vein.

PMID- 6811070
TI  - Bladder tumours among rodent operatives handling ANTU.
AB  - The rodenticide ANTU (alpha-naphthylthiourea) was used in the United Kingdom
      mainly in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The product then contained up to 0.2%
      of beta-naphthylamine as an impurity, and it was finally withdrawn in 1967 as a
      suspected carcinogen. Fourteen cases of urothelial tumours among rodent
      operatives exposed to ANTU are reported: in one district four out of 27 staff
      were affected, and in another area two out of 10. These cases strongly suggest
      that the early ANTU manufactured in the United Kingdom posed a cancer hazard to
      users. ANTU is still made or used in various countries, though the current
      product may be relatively pure and no longer contaminated by beta-naphthylamine.
      Recent laboratory evidence shows that even pure ANTU is mutagenic in the Ames
      test, and the safety of this rodenticide may need review.

PMID- 6811073
TI  - Pleurisy and pulmonary granulomas after treatment with acebutolol.

PMID- 6811074
TI  - Fatal acute immune haemolytic anaemia caused by nalidixic acid.

PMID- 6811075
TI  - Campylobacter colitis associated with erythema nodosum.

PMID- 6811076
TI  - Orthogeriatric rehabilitation ward in Nottingham: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6811077
TI  - Assessment of Fecatest and Haemoccult for faecal occult blood testing.

PMID- 6811079
TI  - Rapid control of recurrent ventricular tachycardia with oral amiodarone.

PMID- 6811078
TI  - Myopathy due to mercaptopropionyl glycine.

PMID- 6811080
TI  - Residual amblyopia in recruits to the British Army.

PMID- 6811081
TI  - Clinical trial in general practice?

PMID- 6811082
TI  - Communication in the practice.

PMID- 6811083
TI  - Shortlisting trainees: thoughtful applications wanted in Birmingham.

PMID- 6811084
TI  - Keeping up to date in Gateshead.

PMID- 6811085
TI  - Essentials of health economics: Part I--What is economics?

PMID- 6811086
TI  - Use of immunoglobulin with high content of antibody to hepatitis B surface
      antigen (anti-HBs). Working Party on the Clinical Use of Specific Immunoglobulin
      in Hepatitis B.

PMID- 6811087
TI  - Training of senior clinical medical officers in child health. Joint Paediatric
      Committee of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and the British Paediatric
      Association.

PMID- 6811088
TI  - USSR letter: role of the head doctor.

PMID- 6811089
TI  - German science in six days.

PMID- 6811090
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6811091
TI  - Preterm rupture of membranes.

PMID- 6811092
TI  - Insulin resistance and hypomagnesaemia.

PMID- 6811093
TI  - Subdural haematoma as a complication of spinal anaesthetic.

PMID- 6811094
TI  - Atenolol: side effects in a newborn infant.

PMID- 6811095
TI  - Serological tests for syphilis.

PMID- 6811096
TI  - Do alcoholics recover?

PMID- 6811097
TI  - Childhood asthma: treatment and severity.

PMID- 6811098
TI  - Cimetidine-induced acute renal failure.

PMID- 6811099
TI  - Spotting the malignant melanoma - what then?

PMID- 6811100
TI  - Immunocytochemical study on cholera toxin binding sites by monoclonal anti
      cholera toxin antibody in neuronal tissue culture.
AB  - An indirect method of immunocytochemistry showed that cholera toxin and its B
      subunit served as specific neuronal surface markers in conjunction with
      monoclonal anti-cholera toxin and FITC labeled anti-mouse Fab. The cell types
      which get specifically stained in culture were peripheral neurons from dorsal
      root ganglion cells, superior cervical ganglion cells, and cerebral neurons, all
      of which were rat tissue, and NGF-treated PC12 cells. Non-neuronal cells, i.e.
      Schwann cells, fibroblasts and glia cells, were not stained. This method can,
      therefore, be used to distinguish neurons from non-neuronal cells in neuronal
      tissue cultures, as in the case of tetanus toxin described in the literature.

PMID- 6811102
TI  - Carbon dioxide versus H ion as a chemoreceptor stimulus.

PMID- 6811101
TI  - Release of thyrotropin releasing hormone into hypophysial portal blood is high
      relative to other neuropeptides and may be related to prolactin secretion.
AB  - The amount of immunoreactive TRH released into hypophysial portal blood of female
      rats was about 2 orders of magnitude greater than gonadotropin releasing hormone
      and somatostatin. The turnover of TRH, as high as 80% of the total hypothalamic
      content per hour, was also much greater than that of any other known peptide. TRH
      release increased during the expected proestrous surge of prolactin and also in
      some animals during suckling.

PMID- 6811103
TI  - Antagonizing effect of lithium on the development of dopamine supersensitivity in
      the tuberoinfundibular system.
AB  - We investigated whether receptor supersensitivity occurs in the
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system, as reported in the nigrostriatal and
      mesolimbic areas. Animals received either haloperidol or saline for 2 weeks. Five
      days after the last injection of haloperidol, animals pretreated with haloperidol
      showed a significantly longer lasting inhibition of prolactin (PRL) secretion by
      apomorphine, compared with the controls. This dopamine receptor supersensitivity
      was also observed on the 12th, but not the 33rd day after the cessation of
      haloperidol administration. The effect of lithium on this dopamine
      supersensitivity in PRL release was investigated. All rats were treated with
      haloperidol and fed either a diet containing lithium carbonate or a diet without
      lithium for 2 weeks. Lithium administration with haloperidol resulted in the
      inhibition of PRL-lowering action of apomorphine at 5 days of withdrawal from
      haloperidol, indicating that the supersensitivity of dopamine receptors of
      dopamine receptors on pituitary lactotrophs were decreased by lithium. This
      action of lithium may be related to the prophylactic effect of the drug on the
      manic-depressive disease.

PMID- 6811104
TI  - Distribution of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine [cyclo (His-Pro)] and
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the primate central nervous system.

PMID- 6811105
TI  - Studies on the central effect of prolactin in inducing precocious puberty in the
      female rat.
AB  - Implantation of prolactin (PRL) into the median eminence (PRL-ME implants) of 23
      day old female rats markedly advanced the onset of puberty, as measured by the
      age at vaginal opening and at first ovulation. Precocious puberty was preceded by
      steroidogenic activation of the ovary, as reflected by increases in uterine
      weight and an enhanced in vitro steroidal responsiveness of the ovary to hCG. The
      stimulatory effect of PRL-ME implants could not be attributed to alterations in
      the release of LH, FSH, GH or TSH from the anterior pituitary. Likewise, the PRL
      effect was neither exerted through the adrenal gland nor involved activation of a
      direct neural, vagal-mediated influence on the ovary. Furthermore, the effect of
      PRL-ME implants was not due to a decrease in pituitary secretion of opioid
      substances, which appear to restrain chronically gonadotropin release during
      female prepubertal development. These latter experiments also showed that
      administration of the opioid agonist, morphine, can delay the onset of puberty in
      the female rat. Although local exposure of the medial basal hypothalamus to high
      PRL levels is extremely effective in accelerating puberty, the mechanisms by
      which this effect is exerted remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6811106
TI  - Efferent connections of the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat: an
      autoradiographic investigation.
AB  - The efferent projections of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at mid-tuberal
      levels were examined with the autoradiographic tracing method. Connections were
      observed to widespread regions of the brain, from the telencephalon  to the
      medulla. Ascending fibers course through LHA and the lateral preoptic area and
      lie lateral to the diagonal band of Broca. Fibers sweep dorsally into the lateral
      septal nucleus, cingulum bundle and medial cortex. Although sparse injections are
      found to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, a prominent pathway courses to
      the dorsal and medial parvocellular subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus.
      Labeled fibers in the stria medullaris project to the lateral habenular nucleus.
      The central nucleus of the amygdala is encapsulated by fibers from the stria
      terminalis and the ventral amygdalofugal pathway. The substantia innominata,
      nucleus paraventricularis of the thalamus, and bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis also receive LHA fibers. Three descending pathways course to the
      brainstem: (1) periventricular system, (2) central tegmental tract (CTT), and (3)
      medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Periventricular fibers travel to the ventral and
      lateral parts of the midbrain central gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, and
      laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons. Dorsally coursing fibers of CTT enter
      the central tegmental field and the lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei. The
      intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus receive some fibers.
      Fibers from CTT leave the parabranchial region by descending in the ventrolateral
      pontine and medullary formation; some of these fibers sweep dorsomedially into
      the nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and nucleus
      commissuralis. From MFB, fibers descend into the ventral tegmental area and to
      the border of the median raphe and raphe magnus nuclei.

PMID- 6811107
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6811110
TI  - Opinion: lymph node dissection for stage I melanoma: the unresolved dilemma.

PMID- 6811108
TI  - Risk of a second malignancy related to the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PMID- 6811109
TI  - A different perspective on breast cancer risk factors: some implications of the
      nonattributable risk.

PMID- 6811112
TI  - Breast cancer and breast-feeding.

PMID- 6811111
TI  - Response: lymph node dissection for stage I melanoma: the unresolved dilemma.

PMID- 6811113
TI  - Deacylation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate by lysosomal and microsomal
      lysophospholipases from rat liver.
AB  - The degradation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate by subcellular fractions of rat
      liver, using substrates labelled biosynthetically with [14C]oleic acid and
      chemically by catalytic exchange with tritium, was studied. Liver homogenates
      catalyzed maximum degradation at alkaline pH and subcellular fractionation
      localized this activity to microsomes. The degradation by microsomes was found to
      be a deacylation to lysophosphatidylglycerol and was without phosphodiesterase
      activity. The deacylation was maximal at pH 8.3 and did not require Ca2+ or Mg2+
      but was stimulated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and inhibited by Fe2+ and
      Hg2+. It was also inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, deoxycholate, Triton X
      100, and Triton WR-1339. The apparent Km was determined to be 5.5 X 10(-5) M and
      the corresponding V max was 4.1 nmol product released/min per milligram protein.
      The three labelled substrates were degraded by microsomes to give the same
      products in similar relative proportions. Degradation of
      bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate by lysosomes was maximal at acid pH as previously
      described by Y. Matsuzawa and K. Y. Hosteler. Contrary to their finding,
      deacylase activity in lysosomes was much greater than phosphodiesterase activity.
      The lysosomal deacylase but not the phosphodiesterase activity was inhibited
      reversibly by n-butanol. Sphingomyelin inhibited the microsomal deacylase but not
      the lysosomal deacylase.

PMID- 6811114
TI  - The inhibition of beta-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) by amino sugars and amino
      alcohols.
AB  - Kinetically determined competitive inhibitor constants, which were estimates of
      the binding capacity of inhibitors interacting with the free enzyme form of beta
      galactosidase (Escherichia coli), showed that amino sugars and alcohols inhibited
      the enzyme much more than did their respective parent sugars and alcohols. In
      most cases the inhibition was 10-30 times greater, but the inhibition by 1
      aminogalactopyranose was about 300 times greater than that of galactopyranose.
      When the amino groups were acetylated the inhibitory advantage was completely
      eliminated and partial neutralization of the amino group of an inhibitor by the
      presence of a group with a negative charge on the same inhibitor decrease the
      inhibitory advantage. Studies of binding to the galactosyl form of the enzyme
      (rather than to the free form) indicated that the binding at the "glucose" site
      was increased only slightly by the presence of the amino group. Overall, the
      findings suggested that beta-galactosidase has a negative charge near the
      anomeric carbon binding position of the "galactose" site. Since negative charges
      are unlikely to be of any importance in binding the normally neutral beta
      galactosidase substrates, this charge may be important in stabilizing a
      positively charged reaction analogous to an oxonium-carbonium ion intermediate.

PMID- 6811115
TI  - [Maculopathy with golden particles].
AB  - This article describes two patients with a bilateral maculopathy due to the
      presence of numerous glistening yellow particles located mainly around the edge
      of the macular pit. This picture has apparently not been reported before. Further
      studies are needed to confirm a possibly toxic origin.

PMID- 6811116
TI  - Photoperiodicity and circannual levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone in normal and
      castrated male, white-tailed deer.
AB  - To establish the relation between photoperiodicity and the levels of LH, FSH, and
      testosterone (T) in plasma, three intact and three castrated adult male white
      tailed deer were sampled once a month for 2-3 years. The rang of average LH
      levels in controls varied between 0.8 and 2.0 ng/mL; the levels in castrates were
      considerably higher, 3.4 to 8.9 ng/mL. Average levels of FSH varied in controls
      between 25 and 112 ng/mL and in castrates between 141 and 240 ng/mL. A
      significant correlation between the seasonal time course of LH and FSH was found
      in castrated, but not in intact bucks. In castrates both gonadotropins exhibit
      two major elevations coinciding with spring and fall equinoxes in March and
      September. The seasonal time course of FSH in castrates correlates highly with
      seasonal levels of FSH in controls. However, the time course of the LH curve in
      controls is substantially different from the curve in castrates, presumably owing
      to feedback mechanisms. A possible role of testicular estradiol in this feedback
      is discussed. In controls, peak T levels are reached in December, i.e., 3 months
      after maximum levels of FSH and 5 months after peak levels of LH were detected.
      It appears that male deer undergo two periods of reproductive stimulation (one in
      the spring, the other in the fall). However, the organism responds with the full
      range of gonadal and behavioral mechanisms leading to the initiation of the rut
      only during the fall.

PMID- 6811117
TI  - Antigens of diagnostic significance in Brucella abortus.

PMID- 6811118
TI  - Glucose suppression of beta-glucosidase activity in a chloramphenicol-producing
      strain of Streptomyces venezuelae.
AB  - beta-Glucosidase activity was induced in Streptomyces venezuelae during growth on
      cellobiose, gentiobiose, salicin, methyl beta-glucoside, and p-nitrophenyl beta-D
      glucopyranoside. Activity in cell extracts was separated by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography into two fractions differing in substrate preference. One
      component showed higher activity with, and was more strongly induced by,
      cellobiose; the other showed greater activity and inducibility with salicin.
      Addition of glucose to cultures severely depressed induction of beta-glucosidase
      activity by cellobiose but not by salicin. Acetate and several amino acids
      inhibited induction by either substrate. The action of glucose was not reversed
      by cyclic AMP. Cultures of S. venezuelae using glucose, cellobiose, or a mixture
      of the two saccharides as their carbon source produced chloramphenicol during
      growth. In contrast with its effect on the induction of cellobiose activity,
      glucose did not suppress chloramphenicol production, indicating that the control
      mechanisms that establish carbon source preferences are not linked to those that
      regulate antibiotic biosynthesis in this organism.

PMID- 6811119
TI  - Glycogen and various other polysaccharides stimulate the formation of exolipase
      by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Glycogen enhances the formation of exolipase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027
      although the cells cannot utilize it as sole carbon and energy source. Glycogen
      is unable to influence exolipase activities in conditioned media after removal of
      the cells. Treatment of cells with glycogen does not promote overall protein
      synthesis but inhibitors of protein synthesis (e.g., rifampicin and
      chloramphenicol) prevent the glycogen effect, suggesting that specific de novo
      protein synthesis is required. In addition to glycogen, 5 other polysaccharides
      (among 13 tested) were found to have exolipase-enhancing ability. The results are
      discussed with regard to the detachment hypothesis of U.K. Winkler and M.
      Stuckmann (1979. J. Bacteriol. 138: 663-670). According to this hypothesis
      polysaccharides are assumed to dislocate cell-bound lipase to the medium via
      specific interactions with the bacterial cell surface.

PMID- 6811120
TI  - Inhibition of uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine synthetase by beta
      chloro-L-alanine in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The synthesis of the nucleotide precursors for peptidoglycan is regulated by the
      relA gene in Escherichia coli. Thus, nucleotide precursors labeled with
      [3H]diaminopimelic acid accumulated in a relA strain but not in an isogenic relA+
      strain during amino acid deprivation. Furthermore, nucleotide precursor synthesis
      was relaxed in the amino acid deprived relA+ strain by treatment with
      chloramphenicol. Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide (UDP-MurNAc
      pentapeptide) was the major component accumulated during the relaxed synthesis of
      nucleotide precursors in both relA+ and relA strains. The effect of beta-chloro-L
      alanine (CLA) on the relaxed synthesis of nucleotide precursors for peptidoglycan
      was determined. At a low concentration (0.0625 mM) CLA inhibited the synthesis of
      UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide and caused the accumulation of UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide.
      Thus, low concentrations of CLA probably inhibited alanine racemase, as reported
      previously. Higher concentrations of CLA also inhibited an earlier step in
      nucleotide precursor synthesis. This was shown to be due to the inhibition of UDP
      MurNAc-L-alanine synthetase by CLA. CLA inhibited the activity of this enzyme in
      cell-free extracts as well as in intact cells.

PMID- 6811121
TI  - Lipid catabolism of cultivated treponemes.
AB  - Treponema require long-chain fatty acids for growth in vitro. Serum, added to
      culture media, provides a source of long-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids,
      however, are esterified to triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. In this
      study, the major pathways of complex lipid catabolism in T. phagedenis, T.
      denticola, T. refringens, T. minutum, and T. vincentii were investigated. Lipase
      activity was demonstrated in five Treponema species using four lipid substrates.
      Chromatographic data demonstrated that, during growth, treponemes completely
      utilized lysophosphatidylcholine, present in serum-supplemented culture media,
      while phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol were not utilized.
      Phospholipase B and glycerophosphorylcholine diesterase activities were
      demonstrated in the five species of Treponema studied. Treponema phagedenis and
      T. denticola had phosphatase activity, while T. refringens, T. minutum, and T.
      vincentii did not have an acid phosphatase activity. Phospholipase A, C, and D
      and alkaline phosphatase activities were not found in five species of Treponema.
      Based on the enzymes demonstrated in this study, two pathways of phospholipid
      catabolism are proposed.

PMID- 6811122
TI  - Interaction of pseudomonas exoproducts with phagocytic cells.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes play the major role in host defense against
      infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, mononuclear cells also may
      contribute to defense against pulmonary infections with P. aeruginosa. Therefore,
      we examined the effects of three extracellular products of P. aeruginosa,
      exotoxin A, alkaline protease, and elastase, on the function of phagocytic cells.
      Phagocytosis or killing, protein synthesis, and membrane integrity were used as
      assays of cellular function. Pseudomonas toxin readily inhibited protein
      synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages; in contrast, proteolytic enzymes did
      not alter protein synthesis, but transiently decreased the sensitivity of
      macrophages to toxin. High levels of toxin reduced protein synthesis in human
      peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes but did not alter the ability of these
      cells to kill P. aeruginosa. Elastase and alkaline protease did not cause release
      of marker enzymes and did not directly inhibit the bactericidal activity of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes; killing was reduced due to inactivation of
      complement components. In conclusion, these potential virulence products do not
      modify phagocyte function directly and thus do not directly interfere with host
      response in pseudomonas infections.

PMID- 6811123
TI  - Sodium valproate in the treatment of the intractable childhood epileptic.
AB  - Sixty-five children with seizure disorders, who had been treated with multiple
      anticonvulsants but were poorly controlled, were selected from the Montreal
      Children's Hospital Convulsive Disorder Clinic and Neurology Service and were
      treated with sodium valproate (valproate). All types of seizure disorders were
      included in the group. Rapid oral absorption of the drug lead to peak plasma
      levels in one to three hours (later peaks occurring if administered after meals).
      A mean plasma half-life of 12.8 hours was calculated. Correlation between oral
      dose and plasma levels was poor. The side effects which occurred in this study
      were trivial. Drug interactions occurred with phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin
      and clonazepam. Sixty percent of patients had a greater than 50% reduction in
      seizure frequency with sodium valproate, but the best response was in generalized
      absence seizures. Since all types of seizures responded to some degree, a trial
      of sodium valproate is warranted in intractable seizure disorders of childhood
      regardless of classification.

PMID- 6811124
TI  - Effects of magnesium infusions on magnesium and nitrogen balance during
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The effects of magnesium infusions on urinary and fecal magnesium excretion,
      serum magnesium and nitrogen balance were examined in seven well-nourished and
      three nutritionally depleted adult surgical patients receiving total parenteral
      nutrition. They were maintained on constant nitrogen and caloric intake for 14 +/
      2 days. Magnesium doses ranged from 0 to 664 mg/d and were given in varying
      crossover patterns. In both groups, urinary magnesium excretion increased as the
      amount of magnesium infused increased but, at comparable magnesium infusions,
      depleted patients excreted significantly less magnesium. Renal conservation was
      most pronounced in well-nourished patients on magnesium-free intake and in
      depleted patients given 70 mg magnesium daily. Urinary magnesium losses were 40
      +/- 5 mg/d and 33 +/- 8 mg/d, respectively, in these two groups. Endogenous fecal
      magnesium excretion was minimal and ranged from 2 to 38 mg/d. At each level of
      magnesium intake, serum levels of well-nourished patients were normal. With
      infusions of less than 200 mg/d, serum magnesium concentrations in depleted
      subjects averaged 1.6 mg/dl. Reduced urinary magnesium excretion as well as
      borderline serum levels measured in depleted adults suggest that the magnesium
      dosage should be higher than that usually recommended during total parenteral
      nutrition. In both groups a positive correlation between magnesium and nitrogen
      balance was noted.

PMID- 6811125
TI  - [Home hyperalimentation through the digestive tract].
AB  - There are few reports in the contemporary literature on the use of home
      hyperalimentation by the enteral route, especitially for intestinally crippled
      patients. The authors describe five patients who had a total of 78 months of
      therapy by continuous nasogastric infusion of an elemental diet at home. The
      majority of the patients had undergone massive bowel resection. Home intravenous
      hyperalimentation techniques are compared with respect to feasibility, morbidity,
      cost and psychologic impact for the patient. Because of the differences, the
      authors suggest that home intravenous hyperalimentation should be reserved for
      patients who have failed a trial of enteral therapy.

PMID- 6811126
TI  - Infectious peptides: postulated mechanisms of protovirin replication in scrapie.

PMID- 6811127
TI  - Baseline and mitomycin-C-induced sister chromatic exchanges ina melanoma and a
      colon tumor cell line.
AB  - Baseline and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in two
      human tumor cell lines (a colon tumor and a melanoma) and in a normal fibroblast
      cell line were analyzed and compared. The tumor cells showed numerical and
      structural chromosomal abnormalities. Their baseline SCE rate was slightly, but
      not significantly, higher than that of the control. Each tumor cell line showed a
      dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency above the spontaneous level in its own
      specific manner. The response in the malanoma cell was consistently below that of
      the control, but only the response to the highest dose of MMC (10(-9) M) was
      significantly lower than that of the control. The response of the colon tumor
      cells varied with respect to that of the control. Thus, it appears that
      karyotypic instability in tumor cells is not necessarily associated with elevated
      baseline or induced SCE/chromosome rates. In addition, within each cell line dose
      group, the SCE frequency was proportional to the number of chromosomes. thus, the
      SCE/chromosome is a better expression of genetic damage than SCE/metaphase in
      analyses involving heteroploid cells.

PMID- 6811128
TI  - A comparison of the efficacy for antitumor activity of the non-steroidal
      antiestrogens analog II and tamoxifen in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced
      rat mammary tumors.

PMID- 6811129
TI  - Retinoic acid promotion of papilloma formation in mouse skin.
AB  - Retinoic acid is a weak promotor of skin tumorigenesis in Charles River CD-1
      mice. Multiple papillomas were seen in 17% of the mice treated 3 times weekly
      with 5.1 micrograms retinoic acid for 20 weeks after initiation by a single
      treatment with 50 micrograms 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA). These
      results suggest the necessity of a more thorough evaluation of retinoids as tumor
      promoters before their serious consideration as anti-cancer agents in man.

PMID- 6811130
TI  - Growth inhibition of a prostate tumor by alpha-difluoromethylornithine and by
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The effects of the ornithine decarboxylase suicide substrate,
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and of cyclophosphamide, individually and in
      combination, on the growth of the R3327MAT-Lu prostate derived tumor were
      determined. DFMO decreased the growth rate and resulted in a 75% reduction in DNA
      content compared to the control group. Cyclophosphamide produced a greater
      inhibition of growth and resulted in a 96% reduction in DNA content relative to
      the control. DFMO in combination with cyclophosphamide provided no greater
      inhibition of tumor growth than that of cyclophosphamide as a single agent.
      Further, in the schedule used in this experimental protocol the toxicity to the
      host of the drug combination was additive.

PMID- 6811131
TI  - Detection of mutagenic activity in human urine following fried pork or bacon
      meals.
AB  - Mutagenic activity has been demonstrated in urine of human subjects after
      ingestion of fried pork or bacon. Activity was detected with Salmonella strains
      TA1538 and TA98 particularly, in the presence of liver homogenate S9, and was not
      enhanced by prior incubation of urine with beta-glucuronidase. Chemical and
      biological characteristics of the urine activity closely resemble those found in
      extracts of fried pork and bacon which also increase the frequency of sex-linked
      recessive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Microwave-cooked meat neither
      contained extractable mutagenic activity, nor contributed to urinary
      mutagenicity, possible due to the paucity of browning reactions in meat cooked
      under these conditions. If the urine and meat factors are chemically identical,
      then approximately one-third of the food activity is recovered from the urine.
      These results show that mutagenic factors, generated during cooking of pork and
      bacon, are ingested and absorbed and are subject to urinary clearance in
      biologically detectable quantities. It is possible that the potential for genetic
      toxicity in humans of these and related factors has been underestimated.

PMID- 6811132
TI  - Laboratory measurements in the clinical use of lithium.

PMID- 6811133
TI  - The development of new cancer drugs: a joint venture in public policy by the
      National Cancer Institute and Food and Drug Administration.

PMID- 6811134
TI  - 2,3-Diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid and its 2-imidazoline derivative:
      new acidic amino sugars from Pseudomonas aeruginosa O: 3a,d lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6811135
TI  - Turnover of cell wall in Listeria monocytogenes.

PMID- 6811136
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of the compound eye and optic neuropiles of the retinal
      degeneration mutant (w rdg BKS222) Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The compound eye and the two most distal optic neuropils (lamina ganglionaris and
      medulla externa) of the Drosophila mutant w rdg BKS222 were examined with
      transmission electron microscopes at conventional (60 kV) and high (0.8-1 MV)
      voltages. Eye tissue was sampled in the newly emerged and at 3, 7, and 21 days
      following eclosion. This mutant is known to show a light-induced degeneration of
      the peripheral retinular cells (R1-6); the spectral sensitivity is altered and
      the threshold is increased reflecting the function of the central cells (R7, 8)
      which do not degenerate. A totally normal appearing visual system (peripheral
      retina and optic neuropiles) was found in newly emerged adults. After 3 days the
      somata of some of the peripheral retinal cells are affected and all of their
      axons show degeneration. At one week the R1-6 pathology is well advanced in both
      somal and axonal regions. In affected cells the cytoplasm is more or less
      uniformly electron dense and contains liposomes, lysosome-like bodies, myeloid
      figures and vacuoles suggesting autophagy. Such cytoplasm (noted at 3 and 7 days
      post-eclosion) exhibits an electron dense reticulum and degenerate mitochondria.
      Microvilli become more electron dense. Retinular axon terminals are electron
      opaque and lack synaptic vesicles with few if any presynaptic structures.
      Mitochondrial remains are barely recognizable. Transsynaptic degeneration was not
      found. After 3 weeks, the structure of R1-6 in the peripheral retina (somata and
      rhabdomeres) is greatly reduced or lost while R7 and R8 and higher order neurons
      are not affected. The debris from cell bodies and axon terminals or R1-6 seems
      diminished, so that some phagocytosis probably takes place along with gliosis in
      the lamina.

PMID- 6811137
TI  - Molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation.

PMID- 6811138
TI  - The control of pigment migration in isolated erythrophores of Holocentrus
      ascensionis (Osbeck). II. The role of calcium.
AB  - The integumental pigment cells (erythrophores) of the squirrel fish, Holocentrus
      ascensionis, are specialized for rapid radial transport of the pigment granules
      contained within their cytoplasm. Pigment granules in isolated denervated
      erythrophores alternate spontaneously between a centrally aggregated state and a
      radially dispersed state. In the absence of external calcium, pigment aggregation
      does not occur spontaneously and cannot be induced by the aggregating agents
      epinephrine or high concentration of external K+. Pigment aggregation is also
      impaired in the presence of D600 or papaverine, compounds reported to antagonize
      calcium influx into the cell. Pigment aggregation can be induced by experimental
      elevation of the concentration of cytoplasmic free Ca2+, with a Ca-EGTA buffer
      system in conjunction with ionophore A23187. The threshold concentration of Ca2+
      required to produce this effect is 5 X 10(-6) M. These results suggest that
      cytoplasmic free Ca2+ is involved in mediating pigment aggregation and that some,
      if not all, the Ca2+ is supplied by influx from the extracellular space.

PMID- 6811139
TI  - Structure of human immunoglobulin gamma genes: implications for evolution of a
      gene family.
AB  - We have cloned five human immunoglobulin gamma genes from a fetal liver gene
      library. Four of them encode the known human immunoglobulin gamma chains gamma 1,
      gamma 2, gamma 3 and gamma 4. A fifth gamma gene seems to be a pseudogene.
      Nucleotide sequence determination demonstrates that the gamma 3 gene contains
      four separate hinge exons. Comparison of these hinge exons with those of the
      other gamma genes indicates that the first hinge exon is homologous to that of
      the pseudogene, and that the other three hinge exons are homologous to that of
      the gamma 1 gene, suggesting that the gamma 3 gene ancestor is a hybrid gene
      created by unequal crossing-over between the ancestral gamma 1 and psi gamma
      genes. Amplification of the gamma 1-type hinge exon probably followed to complete
      the gamma 3 gene. This hypothesis inevitably postulates the gene order 5'-gamma 1
      gamma 3-psi gamma-3'. Cloning of overlapping chromosomal segments demonstrates
      that the gamma 2 gene is located 19 kb 5' to the gamma 4 gene. These analyses
      indicate that the human gamma-gene family has evolved by several types of DNA
      rearrangemet, including duplication of a complete gene; duplication of a hinge
      exon; and reassortment of exons by unequal cross-over between two adjacent genes.

PMID- 6811140
TI  - Changes in mitochondrial respiration during the development of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Mitochondria isolated from Xenopus laevis embryos at various developmental stages
      show a good oxidative capacity and an acceptable respiratory control provided
      that certain requirements are fulfilled. The rates of respiration with pyruvate
      and Krebs' cycle intermediates, especially with citrate and isocitrate, are very
      low during cleavage stages and increase after gastrulation. Glutamate in the
      presence of malate is the only substrate to be readily oxidized during early
      development and its rate of oxidation decreases after gastrulation. These
      results, together with the altered sensitivity of embryonic mitochondria towards
      azide, support the view that the oxidative metabolism undergoes important changes
      around gastrulation and is associated with mitochondrial differentiation.

PMID- 6811141
TI  - Sequestered calcium triggers oocyte maturation in Chaetopterus.
AB  - In order to test the involvement of Ca2+ in maturation and activation of eggs, we
      have treated Chaetopterus eggs with ionophore A23187 and quercetin, an inhibitor
      of Ca2+-dependent ATPase. Ionophore A23187 induced rapid germinal vesicle
      breakdown (GVBD) and activated eggs as evidence by fertilization envelope
      elevation at a wide range of concentrations. Higher concentrations of A23187
      induced GVBD in Ca2+-free artificial sea water, demonstrating the independence of
      GVBD in Chaetopterus from external Ca2+. At high concentrations of ionophore,
      eggs became ameboid and underwent the initial phases of differentiation without
      cleavage. Low concentrations of quercetin induced GVBD with or without external
      CA2+. This treatment did not activate eggs, but allowed them to be fertilized and
      undergo some development. The results of these experiments indicate 1) that Ca2+
      fluxes regulate GVBD and activation in Chaetopterus, 2) that these fluxes can be
      internally generated, and 3) that Ca2+ sequestration by Ca2+-dependent ATPase may
      have a role in maintaining the intact germinal vesicle.

PMID- 6811142
TI  - Action of various kallikreins and related enzymes on synthetic arginine and
      lysine derivatives as substrates.

PMID- 6811143
TI  - Tumor-initiating activity of 4-fluoro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in female SENCAR mice.
AB  - We have determined the skin tumor-initiating activity in SENCAR mice of two A
      ring derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). 4-Fluoro-7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene at a dose of 200 nmol per mouse exhibited weak
      activity, producing 0.6 papillopmas per mouse; doses of 10 and 20 nmol per mouse
      had no activity. A derivative of DMBA with the A-ring reduced, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1,2,3,4,-H-DMBA), had substantial tumor
      initiating activity when compared with the parent hydrocarbon. In one experiment,
      doses of 10 and 100 nmol per mouse gave rise to 1.6 and 9.5 papillomas per mouse,
      respectively; similar results were obtained in 3 additional experiments. Although
      the tumor-initiating activity of 1,2,3,4,-H4-DMBA was approximately one-tenth
      that of DMBA, this derivative was slightly (17%) more active than benzo[a]pyrene.
      1,2,3,4-H4-DMBA was tested for the ability to induce mutations to 6-thioguanine
      resistance in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In the absence of feeder cells capable
      of metabolizing polycyclic hydrocarbons, it was not mutagenic. However, in a cell
      mediated mutation assay with secondary hamster embryo cells as activators, this
      derivative produced mutations in a dose-dependent manner and was approximately
      one-tenth as active as DMBA. These results indicate that metabolism of DMBA at
      positions 1-, 3-, 2- and 4- is important for biological activity and that for
      certain derivatives (i.e., 1,2,3,4-H4-DMBA), alternate pathways of metabolic
      activation may also be important.

PMID- 6811144
TI  - Biochemical and immunological characterisation of mutants induced in V79 Chinese
      hamster cells by a benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide.
AB  - A series of 8-azaguanine resistant mutants was induced by treatment of V79
      Chinese hamster cells with either r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (antiBPDE) or methylnitrosourea (MNU). Hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in the mutants was determined for both
      hypoxanthine and azaguanine as substrates. With antiserum to purified brain HPRT,
      cross-reacting material was also determined and analysed by two dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By these criteria mutants induced by anti
      BPDE or MNU did not differ appreciably and the data obtained was consistent with
      the induction of point mutations by both carcinogens. The relevance of these
      results to the correlation of carcinogenicity with mutagenicity in V79 cells, but
      not in bacteria, is discussed.

PMID- 6811145
TI  - Characterisation of the imidazole ring-opened forms of trans-8,9-dihydro-8,9
      dihydro-8-(7-guanyl)9-hydroxy aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6811146
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide DNA adduct formation in transformable and non
      transformable human foreskin fibroblast cells in vitro.
AB  - The uptake of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by low passage (LP) and high passage (HP) human
      skin fibroblast cells is followed by its transport into the nucleus as the parent
      compound. When the LP and HP cells were treated with BP for 24 h and the DNA was
      isolated and enzymatically digested, several DNA adducts were detected. In both
      the LP and HP cells a small amount of the radiolabel was associated with the 7
      beta-BPDE-I-dG, 7 alpha-BPDE-I-dG and BPDE-II-dG adducts. Although there were no
      major qualitative differences in the adducts formed in the LP and HP cells, a
      higher proportion of the radiolabel was associated with the 7 beta-BPDE-I-dG
      adduct in the LP cells. When LP or HP cells were treated with BPDE-I, the
      ultimate carcinogenic form of BP, similar levels of DNA modification were
      observed in the two cell types and the h.p.l.c. profiles of these adducts were
      essentially identical. BPDE-I induced a carcinogenic event in the LP but not the
      HP cells as measured by anchorage independent growth in soft agar and cellular
      invasiveness of the chick embryonic skin organ cultures.

PMID- 6811147
TI  - A comparative study of ultrastructural changes induced by chronic treatment with
      3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and the non-carcinogen 3'-methyl-4
      diethylaminoazobenzene in the rat hepatocyte.

PMID- 6811148
TI  - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-mediated
      skin tumor initiation and promotion in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - In contrast to a previous report by Shubik and in accordance with a pilot study
      from our laboratory with female rats, the 2-stage skin carcinogenesis experiment
      could be successfully accomplished in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Male animals of
      this species are better suited for this long-term experiment since, under the
      conditions used, females are very sensitive to mammary gland tumor formation and
      show a drastically reduced survival time. A broad spectrum of tumors of epidermal
      origin could be induced by topical initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      (DMBA) and 12-O-tetra-decanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promoter. The tumors
      were not only localized in the interfollicular epidermis but to a large extent
      also in the epidermal appendages. More importantly, the DMBA - TPA treatment led
      to the development of a variety of tumors of the connective tissue and the
      angiofibrous matrix. The incidence of these tumors was almost comparable to that
      found for epidermal tumors. In some animals we observed up to 12 histologically
      different tumors. Compared to the mouse, the tumor incidence in organs other than
      the skin was definitely lower. Ethyldiazoacetate (EDA), a substance which has
      been shown to induce skin tumors when administered i.v. to rats, was tested with
      regard to its initiating capacity. The combination EDA-TPA led to a skin tumor
      spectrum comparable to that produced by DMBA-TPA. However, the survival time of
      the EDA-TPA treated animals was significantly higher than those exposed to DMBA
      TPA. EDA, therefore, seems to be a suitable alternative to DMBA for systemic
      initiation of skin tumors.

PMID- 6811149
TI  - Tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in dermal melanocytes of
      hamster: inhibition through 7,8-benzoflavone.
AB  - Initiation of dermal melanocytes by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) in the
      dorsal skin of Syrian golden hamsters was investigated for its sensitivity to
      inhibition by 7,8-benzoflavone (BF). Initiation was carried out by a single
      intragastric application of DMBA (50 mg/kg body weight) and melanoma development
      pursued with or without subsequent promotion through repeated topical
      administration of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (40 nmol/animal, 3 X
      weekly). A single intragastric application of BF (200 mg/kg body weight) 2 h
      prior to DMBA resulted in a suppression of melanoma yields by approximately 70%.
      Further, there were indications that BF generally causes a decrease of melanoma
      rates and an increase of survival rates. The study provides a first mechanistic
      concept for melanoma initiation by DMBA. It shows that metabolic activation of
      DMBA (i) is prerequisite to initiation and (ii) has a similar molecular basis as
      in other target cells of DMBA, the essential pathway including the cytochrome P
      448-dependent monooxygenase system.

PMID- 6811151
TI  - Selective modification of nuclear proteins by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      and by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides.
AB  - Metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) have been shown to modify chromosomal
      proteins with great specificity. Using the (+) and (-) enantiomers of anti-B[a]P
      diol epoxide to label isolated nuclei we found a remarkable difference in the
      capacity of these two compounds to modify histones H2A and H3. The (+) enantiomer
      modified histones H2A and H3, while the (-) enantiomer, which was shown to modify
      mainly histone H2A, had a much lower affinity for histone H3. We have also
      examined the selective, modification of chromosomal proteins by different
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and it was observed that 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]
      anthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and B[a]P showed qualitative
      similarities in terms of their protein binding. This suggests that stereospecific
      interactions leading to binding of reactive metabolites of DMBA, B[a]P and 3-MC
      to chromosomal proteins share common features.

PMID- 6811152
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies to guanine imidazole ring-opened aflatoxin
      B1DNA, the persistent DNA adduct in vivo.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodiess were produced following immunisation of mice with guanine
      imidazole ring-opened aflatoxin B1 DNA (iro AFB1 DNA), coupled electrostatically
      to methylated keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Three monoclonal hybridoma lines
      producing antibodies specific for iro AFB1 DNA were grown as ascites tumours and
      suitable dilutions of the ascitic fluid (1:8000-1:50,000) used in a competitive
      enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure reactivity of the antibodies
      to a variety of aflatoxin and nucleic acid-related compounds. These antibodies
      recognise AFB1 bound to DNA at levels 10(4)-10(5) times lower concentration than
      unmodified calf thymus DNA or 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-aflatoxin B1: and show 2
      5 times the affinity to iro AFB1 DNA compared to AFB1 DNA. The concentration of
      AFB1 in iro AFB1 DNA producing 50% inhibition in a competitive ELISA was 1.8 x
      10(-7) molar. Using the most sensitive hybridoma line, levels of 1 adduct in
      300,000 nucleotides would be detectable, which is the level of binding found in
      the rat and the hamster in vivo. These monoclonal antibodie should therefore
      prove useful in detecting these lesions in animal and human tissue samples
      exposed to aflatoxins.

PMID- 6811150
TI  - Skin carcinogenesis and promoter binding characteristics in different mouse
      strains.
AB  - The sensitivity of various mouse strains to skin carcinogenesis has been
      investigated in two ways; (i) by comparing carcinogenesis induced by treatments
      involving both the application of tumour promoters and the application of single
      or multiple doses of a carcinogen, and (ii) by comparing the binding
      characteristics of the tumour promoter [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate to
      particulate skin preparations. The mouse strains tested were Swiss albino,
      Balb/c, C3H, LACA and AKR/J. Although some differences were apparent, Swiss
      albino, LACA and C3H mice were generally sensitive to skin carcinogenesis by both
      benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, either with or without
      promotion with croton oil. AKR/J mice were sensitive to both carcinogens with
      promotion but relatively insensitive in the absence of promotion. Balb/c mice had
      low sensitivity except when exposed to repeated low doses of benzo[a]pyrene. The
      [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding characteristics of particulate skin
      preparations from all strains were indistinguishable.

PMID- 6811153
TI  - Resistance of A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells to early membrane changes induced
      by tumour promoters.
AB  - The A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was resistant to 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibition of epidermal growth factor
      binding, enhanced incorporation of [3H]choline into phospholipids and uptake of
      86Rb an [3H]2-deoxyglucose. The cells were also resistant to TPA-stimulated
      release of radioactive choline derivatives and arachidonic acid from cells
      prelabelled with [3H]choline or [14C]arachidonic acid, respectively. The A-431
      cells did not metabolise [3H]TPA. Despite their TPA-unresponsiveness, A-431 cells
      contained specific, high affinity binding sites for [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate
      with characteristics similar to other cultured cell lines.

PMID- 6811154
TI  - Evaluation of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the response of
      substrate kinetics and oxidation to burn injury.

PMID- 6811155
TI  - Protective actions of dexamethasone in acute cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The effects of glucocorticoids on cerebral integrity during cerebral ischemia
      (CI) are not clear. We induced CI in rabbits by occlusion of the left external
      carotid artery and injection of sodium arachidonate (NaAr) in the left internal
      carotid artery. We investigated the effect of dexamethasone (DEXA) on NaAr-
      induced CI. We examined four groups: a) Sham CI, b) CI, c) CI + Dopamine (80
      micrograms/kg/min), and d) CI + Dopamine + DEXA (6 mg/kg). The EEG was recorded
      over the hemisphere injected with NaAr. After 240 min of observation, the brain
      was sampled to measure water content and to examine the cerebral vasculature
      microscopically. The dose of NaAr was similar in all ischemic groups (ie, 0.45 to
      0.50 mg). In both CI, and CI + Dopamine groups, the EEG became flat in all 13
      rabbits. Moreover, the water content of the left hemisphere increased (P less
      than 0.01 vs Sham CI), but that of the right side only slightly. In the CI +
      Dopamine + DEXA group, only one rabbit out of seven showed a flat EEG. Water
      content of the left side increased slightly and that of the right side not at
      all. Microscopic examination of the brain showed obstruction of cerebral
      arterioles in the left hemisphere in rabbits given NaAr. Thus, DEXA protects the
      brain from edema induced by NaAr, when blood pressure is maintained by dopamine.
      This is associated with preservation of cerebral electrical activity. However,
      dopamine alone was unable to preserve the EEG or protect against edema formation
      during cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6811156
TI  - Cellular calcium turnover in the perfused rat heart: modulation by caffeine and
      procaine.
AB  - Pool A is a rapidly exchangeable cellular pool of Ca++ whose release is triggered
      by a mechanism involving extracellular Ca++ (Hunter et al., 1981). We have now
      found that pool A is rapidly released from the perfused rat heart when 10 mm
      caffeine is added to the perfusate. Pool A release by caffeine was demonstrated
      during a Ca++ free perfusion. When the perfusate contained 2.5 mm Ca++, caffeine
      induced an immediate contractile failure. The steady state level of pool A
      (normally 69 +/- 10 nmol Ca++/g wet wt heart) was also decreased by 60%. Pool A
      was similarly depleted in hearts perfused with medium containing 0.2 mm Ca++.
      Procaine (5 mm) inhibited by 50% the release of pool A triggered by caffeine and
      inhibited by 86% the release triggered by extracellular Ca++. The inhibition of
      Ca++-induced release of pool A by procaine was partially relieved by externally
      stimulating the hearts. External stimulation also decreased the inhibition by
      procaine of Ca++ uptake by pool A from 83% to 28%. These results are further
      evidence that pool A is located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and that release of
      pool A to the myofibriles is triggered by excitation-dependent Ca++ influx.

PMID- 6811158
TI  - Detection of Aspergillus antigen and anti-Aspergillus precipitating antibodies by
      a new method: the radial immunoelectro-osmophoresis (RIEOP).
AB  - A new method of Immunoprecipitation-in-gel, the Radial Immunoelectro-osmophoresis
      (RIEOP) has been applied to detect precipitating anti-Aspergillus fumigatus
      antibodies and to study the antigens present in various antigenic extracts of
      this fungus. The results obtained with this method have been compared with those
      obtained when applying the Comparative Double Diffusion (CDD) and the
      Immunoelectro-osmophoresis (IEOP). The data presented prove that the RIEOP method
      is more sensitive than CDD and the IEOP in: (1) detecting precipitating anti
      Aspergillus antibodies, since (a) precipitating bands are detected with higher
      serum dilutions, and (b) when using undiluted serum, the number of precipitating
      bands obtained by RIEOP is higher; and (2) studying antigens present in the
      antigenic extracts, since (a) the number of antigens detected by RIEOP is higher
      than that by CDD, and (b) identity/non-identity reactions can be studied among
      the antigens present in the various extracts.

PMID- 6811157
TI  - Cardiovascular reflex modulation of plasma catecholamine concentrations in the
      anesthetized cat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the role of carotid sinus and
      cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors in the reflex control of adrenal medullary
      catecholamine secretion. Afferent input from carotid sinus and cardiopulmonary
      mechanoreceptors was decreased by carotid occlusion or cervical vagal cold block,
      respectively. Increases in arterial pressure were significantly greater when
      either intervention was tested in the presence of the other, with the role of the
      carotid sinus baroreflex being dominant. Neither carotid occlusion nor vagal cold
      block resulted in a significant increase in plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine
      concentrations. However, carotid occlusion during vagal block caused a
      significant increase in plasma epinephrine (+87%) and norepinephrine
      concentrations (+128%). Likewise, vagal block during carotid occlusion increased
      plasma epinephrine (+82%) and norepinephrine concentrations (+73%). Similar
      experiments performed in a group of chemically sympathectomized animals (pre
      treated with 50 mg/kg 6-hydroxydopamine) indicted that adrenal medullary
      norepinephrine as well as epinephrine release could be modulated by the carotid
      sinus and cardiopulmonary reflexes. Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate
      were significantly lower in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals, compared with
      untreated controls. Although of lesser magnitude, responses to carotid occlusion
      and vagal block in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals were qualitatively similar
      to those in untreated animals. Plasma catecholamine concentrations did not
      increase from either manipulation. However, when the second manipulation was
      added to the first, significant increases occurred. We conclude from these data
      that both the carotid sinus and cardiopulmonary reflexes modulate the release of
      adrenal catecholamines. An interaction between the two reflexes exists whereby
      the influence of one reflex on catecholamine secretion is apparent only in the
      absence of the other input.

PMID- 6811159
TI  - Comparison of immunodiffusion and DHT-binding methods for the measurement of sex
      hormone binding globulin in plasma and serum.

PMID- 6811160
TI  - Determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase in cultured human fibroblasts and
      amniotic fluid cells.
AB  - A new assay method for pyruvate dehydrogenase in platelets [1] using in situ
      generation of [1-14C]pyruvate from [1-14C]lactate has been further developed for
      the use in cultured human fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. A very low blank
      rate was found compared to the method using [1-14C]pyruvate as substrate and an
      activity of 20 times the blank was obtained in normal fibroblasts and amniotic
      fluid cells. The pyruvate dehydrogenase was linear with time and protein
      concentration. The activity was greatly decreased by addition of non-radioactive
      pyruvate to the assay mixture and by preincubation with ATP. The cofactor
      requirement was similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase from other sources. Normal
      activities in cultured human fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells were 13.9
      pkat/mg protein (n = 15) and 21.7 pkat/mg protein (n = 10), respectively. The
      method was found to be very reliable and makes the diagnosis of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase deficiency possible in easily accessible tissue such as cultured
      fibroblasts. Prenatal diagnosis may also be a possibility.

PMID- 6811161
TI  - Km defect in neuraminidase of dysmorphic type sialidosis with and without beta
      galactosidase deficiency.
AB  - Kinetic studies of 4-methylumbelliferyl neuraminidase activity were carried out
      in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with various disorders of
      neuraminidase deficiency. Cell extracts from two patients with dysmorphic type
      sialidosis of infantile onset, with isolated deficiency of neuraminidase
      activity, and three patients with dysmorphic type sialidosis of juvenile onset,
      with combined deficiency of neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase activities,
      demonstrated 7-12 times higher apparent Km values than those of normal controls
      (1.0-1.5 mmol/l as compared with 0.12-0.15 mmol/l). The apparent Ki values for N
      acetylneuraminic acid and colominic acid were also increased in the dysmorphic
      type (7-15 and 7-11 times the normal values, respectively). In contrast, in the
      normomorphic type, normal apparent Km and Ki values were found for 4
      methylumbelliferyl neuraminidase activity in fibroblasts from one patient with
      isolated neuraminidase deficiency and two patients with combined deficiency of
      neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. The altered kinetics in the dysmorphic
      cases indicates a primary defect in neuraminidase with a secondary deficiency of
      beta-galactosidase in patients with combined deficiency. It is not clear if the
      primary defect in the normomorphic cases involves a defect in neuraminidase other
      than a Km defect or if neuraminidase or both neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase
      deficiencies are secondary to another defect as yet undetermined.

PMID- 6811162
TI  - Diagnosis of Sanfilippo type A syndrome by estimation of sulfamidase activity
      using a radiolabelled tetrasaccharide substrate.
AB  - 1. A radiolabelled tetrasaccharide mixture (GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-UOA) containing
      GlcNSO3-UA-GlcNSO3-L-[6, 3H]idonic acid, GlcNSO3-UA-GlcNSO3-anhydro-L-[6,
      3H]idonic acid and GlcNSO3-UA-GlcNSO3-L-[6, 3H]gulonic acid was evaluated
      together with a radiolabelled disaccharide O-(alpha-2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-D
      glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 3)-L-[6, 3 H]idonic acid (GlcNS-IdOA) and a
      trisaccharide GlcNSO3-UA-D-[1, 3 H]glucosaminitol N-sulfate (GlcNS-UA-GlcitolNS)
      as diagnostic substrates for sulfamidase present in cultured human skin
      fibroblasts and leucocytes. 2. Sulfamidase activity assessed with GlcNS-UA-GlcNS
      UOA was up to 10 times higher than the value obtained for GlcNS-IdOA and the
      trisaccharide. These results demonstrate that an adjacent GlcNS-UOA disaccharide
      residue to the sulfaminoglucosamine under attack may play a role in the mechanism
      of action or binding of sulfamidase toward its substrates. 3. Sulfamidase
      activity in fibroblast and leucocyte homogenates with GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-UOA
      exhibited a pH optimum at pH 5.0, an apparent Km of 27 to 50 mumol/l and
      inhibition by both NaCl and Na2SO4. 4. No detectable sulfamidase activity toward
      the tetrasaccharide, trisaccharide and disaccharide substrates could be detected
      using homogenates of fibroblast cultures from Sanfilippo A patients (sulfamidase
      deficient). Sulfamidase activity assayed with GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-UOA clearly
      distinguished Sanfilippo A patients from normal controls, heterozygotes and other
      mucopolysaccharidosis types. Because of the higher activity of sulfamidase toward
      the tetrasaccharide substrate, compared to that observed for the other substrates
      evaluated, we recommend its use for the routine enzymic detection of the
      Sanfilippo A syndrome.

PMID- 6811163
TI  - Circulating hormonal levels during prolonged lactational amenorrhea.

PMID- 6811165
TI  - Radiolabelled disaccharides for the assay of beta-D-glucuronidase activity and
      the detection of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.

PMID- 6811164
TI  - Amino acid composition of gliadin fractions which may be toxic to individuals
      with coeliac disease.
AB  - Fraction 9, prepared by chromatography of a peptic-tryptic-pancreatinic digest of
      gliadin on S.P. Sephadex C-25, was re-chromatographed on Q.A.E. Sephadex A-25 and
      subfractions 9-1 and 9-2 further purified on S.P. Sephadex C-25. Sub-fractions 9
      1 and 9-2 and the purified sub-fractions 9-1B and 9-2B appeared to be toxic to
      patients with coeliac disease on the basis of causing a reduction in D-xylose
      absorption. Amino acid analysis of undigested residues from sub-fractions 9-1B
      and 9-2B obtained after 'in vitro' digestion with remission coeliac mucosa
      contained mainly glutamine/glutamic acid and proline with some serine, leucine,
      phenylalanine and glycine. Another fraction (fraction 3) of wheat gliadin
      prepared by peptic-tryptic digestion and ion-exchange chromatography on S.P.
      Sephadex, previously shown to produce a skin-reaction in adults with coeliac
      disease, has been further purified by ion exchange chromatography, isoelectric
      focusing and gel filtration. The sub-fractions were submitted to amino acid
      analysis and the results compared with those from the undigested residues above.
      Isoelectric focusing of fraction 3 of the P.T. digest and its sub-fractions
      showed the presence of peptides of pI approximately 4.8 and 5.6 with only small
      amounts of peptides on either side of this region. Mucosal digestion of fractions
      of peptic-tryptic-pancreatinic gliadin digests 'in vitro' appears to be a
      promising method for the elucidation of the primary structure of that section of
      the gliadin which may be responsible for the lesion in coeliac disease. The
      evaluation of higher molecular mass peptic-tryptic digests by intradermal skin
      tests could also be useful for the preliminary screening of fractions for feeding
      tests, but this approach seems less likely to indicate the toxic region of the
      gliadin molecule.

PMID- 6811166
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone during the
      human menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6811167
TI  - Intranasal LHRH agonist treatment for inhibition of ovulation in women: clinical
      aspects.
AB  - Daily intranasal administration of the potent stimulatory LHRH analogue D
      Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH was given to fifty healthy women for 3 months. Twenty-six
      women received 400 micrograms LHRH agonist/day and twenty-four women received 600
      microgram/day. Inhibition of ovulation occurred during 147 of the 150 treatment
      months. The three presumptively ovulatory cycles were probably the result of
      initial technical problems with the nasal spray. No pregnancies occurred.
      Reactivation of corpus luteum with slightly raised progesterone levels in serum
      at initiation of treatment was observed in six women. During 20 month treatment
      the serum progesterone levels were slightly raised, indicating luteinization of
      follicles or defect luteal phases. Most of the women had menstrual-like bleeding
      during treatment. Seventeen volunteers had regular bleeding and twenty-three
      women had oligomenorrhoea. No dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurred, but three
      women reported spotting. The remaining ten women had amenorrhoea during treatment
      without any symptoms of oestrogen deficiency. After discontinuation of treatment
      the women regained ovulatory menstrual cycles after 31 days on average. The
      treatment was very well accepted by all the women.

PMID- 6811168
TI  - Systolic hypertension in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs.
AB  - Hemodynamic parameters were measured in 24 patients with arteriosclerosis
      obliterans of the lower limbs (AOLL) in comparison with 16 normal subjects of
      same age. Systemic arterial compliance was estimated from a simple visco-elastic
      model. In patients with (AOLL), systolic pressure was significantly increased (P
      less than 0.001) while diastolic pressure remained within normal ranges. Arterial
      compliance was reduced (P less than 0.01) and was negatively correlated with
      systolic pressure (r = - 0.72). Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin
      significantly decreased systolic pressure (P less than 0.05) and increased
      arterial compliance (P less than 0.01) without any change in mean arterial
      pressure. The study provided evidence that, in patients with AOLL the reduced
      systemic arterial compliance contributes in the increase in systolic pressure
      largely.

PMID- 6811169
TI  - Effect of an increased cardiac output on vascular responses to vasoactive agents
      in two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension.
AB  - The effect of the increased cardiac output of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt
      hypertension (2-KGH) on the altered vascular responses to vasoactive agents was
      examined in the conscious, chronically instrumented dog. The early stage of 2-KGH
      is characterized by an increased arterial pressure, an increased aortic flow, a
      decreased total peripheral resistance, and enhanced responses to angiotensin II
      and serotonin. As the aortic flow increases the responses to norepinephrine are
      enhanced, and the dilator responses to acetyl-choline and nitroglycerin are
      depressed. Aortic flow then returns to control values and the increased arterial
      pressure is maintained by an increase in peripheral resistance. When the
      increased aortic flow is prevented by occluding the vena cava to maintain flow at
      control values, the vascular responses to each of the agonists do not differ from
      that obtained when the aortic flow is elevated. Moreover, the temporal
      development and magnitude of the elevation in arterial pressure resulting from
      the increased vascular resistance is similar in dogs with an increased and normal
      aortic flows. The results suggest that increased aortic flow is not essential for
      the increased vascular resistance or the vascular changes in the canine model of
      2-KGH.

PMID- 6811170
TI  - Monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting lymphoma in a patient with severe combined
      immunodeficiency disease.
AB  - A 3.5 year old boy with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID),
      who had been in laminar flow isolation throughout his life, developed a B cell
      tumour producing up to 3008 mg/dl of an IgM kappa paraprotein 1 month after
      infusion of both liver and thymus cells from a fetal donor and 6 months after the
      last of six fetal liver cell infusions given over a 3 year period. Pretransplant
      studies revealed a high percentage of circulating B lymphocytes. HLA typing
      suggests that the tumour was of host origin.

PMID- 6811171
TI  - Anti-C1q column: ligand specific purification of immune complexes from human
      serum or plasma. Analysis of the interaction between C1q and immune complexes.
AB  - An efficient and reproducible procedure has been developed for the specific
      isolation of immune complexes. PEG precipitation of EDTA serum or plasma was an
      essential preliminary step to separate complex-bound from free C1q. PEG had no
      discernible effect on the molecular weight size of the extracted complexes.
      Redissolved complexes were incubated with a Sepharose-4B column coated with anti
      human C1q antibodies and following removal of unbound material the bound
      complexes were sequentially eluted with 0.02 M EDTA, 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M propionic
      acid. Characteristics of the affinity column were established by the purification
      of 125I-labelled BSA-anti-BSA complexes and heat-aggregated IgG (HAGG) incubated
      in normal human serum (NHS). EDTA and NaCl eluted complexes were of similar
      molecular size and contained antigen, specific antibody, as well as human IgM,
      IgG, albumin, C3, C3c, C3d and C1q. Acid eluted complexes contained the highest
      yield of specific antigen and antibody and comprised in addition human C1q and
      C3d. Activation of complement components after C1q made the bond between C1q and
      immune complexes resistant to 0.5 M NaCl and interfered with the binding between
      solid phase anti-C1q and complex bound C1q. Using BSA-anti-BSA complexes and HAGG
      activated in NHS it was apparent that only a minority of the complexed material
      was isolated via the C1q ligand and this probably applies to the C1q binding
      assay. Most complexed material could be isolated using an anti-C3 affinity
      column.

PMID- 6811172
TI  - Combined hereditary deficiency of the sixth component of complement and factor
      VIII coagulant activity in a Dutch family.
AB  - Prompted by previous observations of defective blood clotting in rabbits
      deficient in the sixth component of complement (C6), and the discovery of a
      patient with both C6 and factor VIII deficiency, an evaluation was made of the
      haemostatic functions in this individual and his family members. The family
      contained three members homozygous for C6 deficiency (C6D); two of them were
      deficient also in factor VIII. In addition, one other member of the family was
      only deficient in factor VIII. The only C6D member without haemophilia A had a
      normal recalcification time without clinical symptoms of a bleeding disorder.
      Reconstitution of factor VIII and C6 deficient plasma from the various members of
      the family in this study with purified human C6 did not result in a change in the
      recalcification time. The results obtained from this study also indicate that
      there is no linkage between the inheritance of C6 and factor VIII.

PMID- 6811173
TI  - The effect of bacterial peptidoglycans on the immune response of hamsters to
      influenza virus vaccines.
AB  - The immune response of hamsters to influenza virus vaccine incorporating
      peptidoglycans derived from Streptomyces griseus was investigated. The results
      showed that although inoculation of a subunit influenza virus vaccine together
      with a peptidoglycan elicited a markedly increased serum HI antibody response
      compared to that induced by the subunit vaccine alone, pre-treatment of animals
      with peptidoglycans resulted in a suppression of the antibody response to the
      vaccine haemagglutinin antigen. The immunosuppressive effect was dose-related,
      and could be shown by adoptive transfer experiments to be transferred by spleen
      cell preparations from peptidoglycan-treated hamsters. The reasons for these
      findings, and their implication for the use of peptidoglycans as 'carriers' in
      influenza virus subunit vaccines, are discussed.

PMID- 6811174
TI  - 75Se-methionine labelled Trypanosoma cruzi blood trypomastigotes: opsonization by
      chronic infection serum facilitates killing in spleen and liver.
AB  - Blood trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi have been labelled with 75Se
      methionine. Opsonization by sera from mice chronically infected with T. cruzi
      promoted their uptake by both liver and spleen. Opsonized parasites within
      spleens and livers were less infectious when transferred to normal recipients
      demonstrating in situ parasite killing by these organs.

PMID- 6811175
TI  - The long-term management of hypertension with verapamil.

PMID- 6811176
TI  - Verapamil in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris.
AB  - 1. A long-term, open clinical trial of verapamil therapy was conducted in ninety
      three patients with coronary artery disease, selected on the basis of having
      stable angina pectoris and of being unsuitable for treatment with beta
      adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 2. Two-thirds of the patients (fifty-eight patients)
      obtained a good relief which was sustained over a period of 1 y. There were few
      major adverse reactions and the drug was generally well tolerated. The main
      limiting factor in dosage was hypotension. No adverse effects were observed in
      patients with obstructive airways disease, controlled cardiac failure and lower
      limb arteriosclerosis. 3. Verapamil was considered to be a major advance in the
      chronic therapy of angina pectoris.

PMID- 6811177
TI  - An objective comparison of verapamil and placebo in chronic stable angina.
AB  - 1. The efficacy of verapamil in a dose of 360 mg daily in patients with chronic
      stable angina pectoris was assessed by quantitative serial treadmill exercise
      tests and trinitrin consumption. Twenty-eight patients were investigated in a
      placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over comparison of 2 weeks each, after
      which all were put on long-term verapamil treatment. Exercise tests were done at
      the end of the placebo period and after 2 and 4 weeks on verapamil. 2. On
      placebo, all twenty-eight patients developed angina during treadmill tests and
      the mean exercise time was 6.6 min (s.e.m. = 0.5 min). On verapamil, this
      increased to 9.2 min (s.e.m. = 0.8 min) at 2 weeks and to 11.2 (s.e.m. = 0.8 min)
      at 4 weeks, respectively. Trinitrin consumption showed a similar improvement. The
      double product and ST segment changes, analysed by on-line computer, showed a
      statistically significant improvement. The only side effects were constipation
      (in seven patients) and reversible PR-interval prolongation (in two patients).
      There was no clinical evidence of heart failure in any of the patients. 3. These
      findings suggest that verapamil has a powerful antianginal action and, in a dose
      of 360 mg daily, may have a place as a primary agent in the management of chronic
      stable angina.

PMID- 6811178
TI  - Loss of resistance to listeria infection in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice: protection
      by prostaglandin E1.

PMID- 6811179
TI  - Associations between systemic lupus erythematosus and the major
      histocompatibility complex: clinical and immunological considerations.

PMID- 6811180
TI  - Extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in man: role of alleles
      analogous to murine t mutants.

PMID- 6811181
TI  - Opsonization of mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by serum from
      patients with cystic fibrosis assessed by a chemiluminescence assay.
AB  - Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major pathogen for patients
      with cystic fibrosis (CF), we compared serum from CF patients to serum from
      controls for opsonic activity against a mucoid and a non-mucoid strain of this
      organism. A chemiluminescence assay was employed to assess opsonic activity using
      control polymorphonuclear leukocytes and organisms opsonized with: (1) serum from
      CF patients who were colonized with P. aeruginosa; (2) serum from CF patients who
      were not colonized with this organism; and (3) pooled control serum. Serum from
      CF patients who were colonized with P. aeruginosa had 1.5-2-fold greater opsonic
      activity against mucoid and non-mucoid P. aeruginosa respectively than serum from
      non-colonized CF patients or pooled control serum. The increased activity was
      attributed to antibody, since adsorption of serum with the organism removed much
      of its opsonic activity. Heat inactivation also decreased opsonic activity
      indicating that complement plays an important role. We speculate that the
      increased levels of opsonic antibodies in patients colonized with P. aeruginosa
      may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung damage by triggering neutrophil
      migration to the lung.

PMID- 6811182
TI  - Limited diagnostic value of routine cord blood bilirubin determinations.
AB  - In a retrospective study, cord blood bilirubin levels of 87 neonates who received
      standard phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were compared with the cord
      bilirubin levels of 95 neonates without neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, none of whom
      received phototherapy. There were no significant differences in the cord
      bilirubin levels between the two groups. These results suggest that routine
      determination of cord blood bilirubin levels is neither necessary nor cost
      effective.

PMID- 6811183
TI  - The clinical use of umbilical cord acid-base determinations in perinatal
      surveillance and management.

PMID- 6811184
TI  - Comparison of dose distribution with different techniques of total skin electron
      beam therapy.

PMID- 6811185
TI  - The radiological spectrum of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
AB  - The radiographic manifestations of nine South African patients with
      fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) have been analysed in detail. In
      three of these individuals, a 10--15 year follow-up was available. The condition
      usually presents before the age of 5 years; in one infant, abnormal calcification
      was demonstrated at 9 months. The disorder is remorselessly progressive but the
      hands, diaphragm and viscera are spared. Ossification in ligaments at the site of
      their attachment to long bones produces a 'pseudo-exostosis' appearance.
      Tethering of the shafts of long bones and growth at the proximal metaphyses can
      result in dislocation of shoulder and hip joints. In the hip joint the sloping
      configuration of the acetabular roof is produced by normal growth at the proximal
      metaphyseal end of the tethered femur. Calcification in periarticular tissues,
      together with bony and fibrous ankylosis, contributed to joint fixation. A
      similar process of growth inhibition leads to disparity in size between the
      bodies of the cervical vertebrae and their posterior appendages. It is concluded
      that apart from the developmental abnormality in the great toes, the skeletal
      changes in FOP are the consequence of soft tissue ossification and that the
      condition is not a primary bone dysplasia.

PMID- 6811186
TI  - Neurofibrosarcomas in neurofibromatosis: role of CT scanning and angiography.

PMID- 6811187
TI  - Recent developments in the diagnosis and management of mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 6811188
TI  - Drug-induced lupus: clinical and serological studies.

PMID- 6811189
TI  - The clotting defect in SLE.
AB  - Haemorrhagic complications, though uncommon in SLE, may be life-threatening in
      individual patients, and they require treatment along appropriate lines.
      Thrombotic problems are more commonly encountered, and are a significant cause of
      morbidity and mortality. Not only is clinical thrombosis important in SLE, but
      there is increasing evidence that low-grade coagulopathy contributes
      substantially to many of the pathological features seen in lupus. The mechanisms
      involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis have been discussed and their possible
      interrelationship is summarized in Figure 4, though it remains speculation that
      low-grade coagulopathy predisposes to clinical thrombosis. Several of these
      mechanisms may be operating during periods of disease activity; this was
      suggested in a recent study of clinical and histological features in SLE (Kant et
      al, 1981). The study was designed to look at the prevalence of glomerular
      thrombosis in SLE, and its significance as a histological feature. A striking
      association was observed between the presence of a circulating anticoagulant and
      the appearance of glomerular thrombosis on renal biopsy. Also, factor VIII levels
      were significantly increased and circulating platelets decreased in association
      with "active' histological features. On later re-biopsy glomerulosclerosis was a
      much more common finding if the first biopsy showed thrombosis, suggesting that
      thrombosis is a marker of more severe disease activity and inflammation. A
      greater understanding of the mechanisms promoting thrombosis will undoubtedly
      provide insight into the pathogenesis of SLE, as well as suggesting new
      therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 6811190
TI  - The immunogenetics of SLE.

PMID- 6811191
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in the prevention of stroke.

PMID- 6811192
TI  - Beta-alanine and tanning polymorphisms.
AB  - 1. Beta-alanine is found in mycelial walls of mature tan, but not immature white,
      stage of Morchella esulenta, nor in any stage of a permanently white mutant. 2.
      Beta-alanine is also found in hydrolysed water-extracts of human hair, the
      concentration being higher in blond than in dark brown, and in pigmented than in
      unpigmented hair. 3. Beta-alanine, added to tyrosinase-oxidized tyrosine, dopa,
      or dopamine has only a slight yellowing influence on the final black pigment; but
      when the amino group of tyrosine is combined with leucine, added beta-alanine
      produces stable tan pigments. 4. With L-alanine substituted for beta-alanine in
      this reaction, green pigment results. 5. Gelatin filters stained with the tan
      pigment allow solar heating of underlaying water more quickly than do those
      stained with the black pigment. Unstained filters allow such heating even more
      quickly. 6. Beta-alanine enhances production of tan pigment when heated with the
      phospholipid, lecithin. Implications for pigmentary adaptation, and formation of
      lipofuscin-like age pigments are discussed.

PMID- 6811193
TI  - A physician questionnaire study of the net cost of computerized tomographic
      scanning.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a physician questionnaire study of the net cost
      impact of CT Scanning on the health care system. The study objective is
      accomplished by questioning physicians, on a case-by-case basis, on the number
      and type of diagnostic tests and hospital care which would have been provided in
      lieu of CT. These findings indicate that CT Scanning, while expensive on a per
      use basis, results in significant cost savings on a per case basis because it
      eliminates the need for multiple alternative tests and hospital stays. Finally,
      the controversy over the cost of CT Scanning is attributed not to the intrinsic
      merits of CT but rather to structural elements within the health care system
      which create disincentives to economize.

PMID- 6811194
TI  - Recurrent rupture of jejunal diverticula.

PMID- 6811195
TI  - Puerperal insertion of a copper-releasing and a levonorgestrel-releasing
      intrauterine contraceptive device.
AB  - A copper-releasing IUD and levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs releasing 30 micrograms
      and 10 micrograms levonorgestrel per day were inserted six weeks after delivery
      in 110 volunteers. During the treatment, events and patterns of bleeding were
      recorded and plasma levonorgestrel concentrations were measured. The number of
      events in one year of follow-up was very low, four removals out of 40 in the
      copper-releasing IUD group and five removals out of 70 in the levonorgestrel
      releasing IUD group. Bleeding and spotting was significantly more common after
      insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD than a copper-releasing IUD, but it
      was scanty and well-tolerated. After three months, levonorgestrel-releasing IUD
      patients had less bleeding and spotting than the copper-releasing IUD patients.
      No pregnancies occurred during the study period. There were two uterine
      perforations with a uterine sound at the insertion. In the 30-micrograms per day
      levonorgestrel-releasing IUD group, initially high plasma levonorgestrel
      concentrations reached a plateau four weeks after the insertion. In the 10
      micrograms per day levonorgestrel-releasing IUD group, the plasma concentrations
      of levonorgestrel stabilized after the initial two weeks.

PMID- 6811196
TI  - The effect of levonorgestrel and estrone rods on male reproductive function.
AB  - The effect on spermatogenesis of the implantation of six rods containing
      levonorgestrel and three estrone rods was studied in seven volunteers aged 32-40,
      with normal pre-treatment spermiogram. None of the subjects achieved azoospermia.
      The lowest sperm count was below 1 million/ml in three subjects and below 12
      million/ml in the other four. Plasma FSH and testosterone were severely depressed
      during the study, but LH was only transiently depressed for the first two months.
      Four subjects recovered pre-treatment sperm counts in spite of the FSH levels
      below 1.5 mIU/ml and testosterone levels below 1 ng/ml, which is contradictory to
      the current concept on hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6811197
TI  - Thyroid hormone metabolism in renal diseases.

PMID- 6811198
TI  - Kidney involvement in multiple myeloma and related disorders.

PMID- 6811200
TI  - CHRONOS-H: a general computer-assisted follow-up system.

PMID- 6811201
TI  - Surgonomics.

PMID- 6811199
TI  - Nephrological complications of cancer therapy.

PMID- 6811202
TI  - Genetic factors that affect rates of spontaneous mutation and chromosome
      aberrations in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Several important human syndromes provide evidence for the idea that the rate of
      gene mutation and chromosome breakage is under genetic control. Although not
      understood in detail, their underlying mechanisms include deficiencies in DNA
      replication, repair, and increased sensitivity to external agents. The ease of
      genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster offers a number of model systems that
      may give useful insights into comparable human conditions. For example, some of
      the many meiotic mutants isolated from natural populations provide information on
      the genetics of DNA repair in a eukaryote. In addition, complex syndromes
      affecting mutation rate are available for study. One such system is hybrid
      dysgenesis in Drosophila. Hybrid dysgenesis refers to a collection of genetic
      changes, including chromosome breakage, increased mutation rates, and sterility
      expressed in crosses between independent population lines. Our recent work has
      focused upon chromosome breakage and mutator activity in this system. The pattern
      of inheritance and expression of mutator activity implicates a chromosome
      cytoplasm interaction for its induction. Furthermore, the genetic elements
      responsible for this phenomenon appear to move from one location or chromosome to
      another. Indeed, one can draw a convincing parallel between hybrid dysgenesis and
      the behavior of transposable, or nomadic, DNA sequences. Thus, one must view the
      phenotype "mutation rate" as a conglomerate of factors affecting DNA stability,
      physiological condition, and the behavior of genetic elements.

PMID- 6811203
TI  - A perspective on mechanisms of chromosomal mutations in relation to chromosome
      stability-deficient mutants of Drosophila.
AB  - A working hypothesis that eukaryote chromosomal mutations result from specific
      misrecombination is proposed in relation to X-ray-induced mutations in the mouse.
      Unique features of chromosome-stability-deficient mutations and of tumor
      mutations in Drosophila are reviewed; these mutations could serve as very good
      models for elucidating the mechanisms of chromosome-aberration-related diseases
      in humans.

PMID- 6811204
TI  - The use of inhibitors of DNA-repair in the study of the mechanisms of induction
      of chromosome aberrations.
AB  - If cells exposed to X-rays or chemical agents are incubated with inhibitors of
      DNA repair (cytosine arabinoside or aphidicolin), it is possible to accumulate
      single-strand gaps in the DNA at repairing regions. Upon reversal of the
      inhibition, these gaps can interact to form chromosome aberrations. It appears
      that the aberration frequency observed following treatment with radiation or
      chemical agents is greatly influenced by the rate repair of damage that is
      converted into aberrations. This argument also extends to considerations of the
      different cell-cycle-stage sensitivities, the relative sensitivities of different
      species, and the probability of observing interactive effects between two agents.
      These aspects are discussed in terms of their contribution to the interpretation
      of the mechanisms induction of chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 6811205
TI  - Dose and concentration dependence of chromosome aberrations in human cells and
      the combined action of radiation and chemical mutagens.
AB  - This paper describes a study of the combined effect of gamma-rays and N,N',N"
      triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) on unstimulated leukocytes. The sequence
      of treatment and the interval between them (up to 4 h) do not affect the
      frequency of chromosome aberrations. In observing the combined effect of the
      mutagens, interaction of their effects was noted; however, quantitatively it does
      not differ significantly from the sum of their separately induced effects.
      Therefore, the elementary additivity model can be used to predict combined
      effects in the case of weak interactions. Exponential models for estimating
      combined effects based on a stepwise regression procedure are presented.

PMID- 6811206
TI  - Chromosomal mutations in human populations.
AB  - Chromosomal mutations in human populations are of two forms: those which arise in
      germ cells, or their precursors, and result in constitutional chromosomal
      anomalies in offspring--and contribute to a substantial proportion of congenital
      abnormality and heritable diseases in man; and those that arise in somatic cells
      and which may result in cell killing, loss or diminution of cell function, or
      contribute to the processes involved in neoplastic transformation. The incidence
      of somatic chromosome mutations (aberrations) can be readily ascertained from
      studies on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Data on their prevalence in cells from
      "normal" populations are presented. The incidence of aberrations is increased in
      people exposed to mutagens so that changes in aberration frequency provide a
      means for monitoring population exposure. This is illustrated by studies on
      populations exposed to ionising radiations and to various chemical mutagens
      including cigarette smoke. An alternative approach to the cytogenetical
      assessment of chromosome damage is described, in which the incidence of
      lymphocytes resistant to cell killing by 8-azaguanine is utilised. The
      frequencies of such resistant cells are shown to increase with increasing age of
      the individual, and it is further demonstrated that their incidence is increased,
      in a dose-dependent fashion, when cells are exposed in vitro to X-rays or
      chemical mutagens.

PMID- 6811208
TI  - [Dental instruments with TG-special steel].

PMID- 6811207
TI  - [Technical aspect of the Konus telescopic crown].

PMID- 6811209
TI  - ["Meta-dent"--metal bonding resin for denture base].

PMID- 6811210
TI  - [Photic surface curing of resin materials].

PMID- 6811211
TI  - [Glass ionomer cement with cariostatic agent].

PMID- 6811212
TI  - [Vacuum power mixer usable for alginate impression materials].

PMID- 6811213
TI  - [(2) Test for porcelain bonding of non-precious porcelain bonding alloys].

PMID- 6811214
TI  - [Method of measuring color change in dental alloys].

PMID- 6811215
TI  - [Adhesiveness of polysulfide rubber impression material and dental alloys].

PMID- 6811216
TI  - Effects of vasodilators on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in normal man.
AB  - A reduction of arterial PO2 is generally observed when vasodilators are given to
      patients with cardiac or pulmonary disease. This has been attributed to a release
      of preexisting hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We investigated the
      effects of hemodynamics and blood gases of IV nitroglycerin, IV nitroprusside and
      sublingual nifedipine, at dosages currently used in clinical practice, in 23
      healthy volunteers at normoxic conditions (fraction of inspired O2, FIO2 0.21)
      and at acute inspiratory hypoxia (FIO2 0.125 during 10 min). Breathing FIO2 0.125
      elicited pulmonary vasoconstriction in all the subjects. At FIO2 0.21,
      nitroglycerin reduced preload, nifedipine reduced afterload, nitroprusside had
      balanced effects, but none of the drugs induced pulmonary vasodilation and only
      nitroglycerin deteriorated arterial oxygenation. At FIO2 0.125, nitroglycerin did
      not at all affect the pulmonary pressor response, while both nitroprusside and
      nifedipine decreased it. An inhibition of HPV was obtained with certainty in only
      one subject who received nitroprusside. In all the subjects in whom HPV was
      partially inhibited by vasodilator administration, the alveolar-arterial PO2
      gradients remained significantly lowered, suggesting that the pulmonary vascular
      tone adaptation to alveolar hypoxia still was effective in improving
      ventilation/perfusion relationships. The role of impaired HPV in the reduction of
      arterial PO2 in patients under vasodilator therapy may have to be reevaluated.

PMID- 6811217
TI  - A controlled trial of individually-adapted short-course chemotherapy versus two
      year scheme in original treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Report after a five
      year follow-up.
AB  - Patients with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated at random
      into two groups for a three-phase regimen in original course chemotherapy. The
      first group was given rifampicin (RMP) plus isoniazid (INH) plus ethambutol until
      sensitivity tests were completed, then RMP plus INH until culture conversion,
      thereafter INH alone for four months. The second group received the same drugs
      until obtaining culture conversion, thereafter IHN alone for a period lasting two
      years after onset of chemotherapy. One hundred sixty-eight patients were
      available for the final assessment after a five-year follow-up after culture
      conversion. Two bacteriologic relapses occurred among the two-year scheme
      patients, none in the short-course patients.

PMID- 6811218
TI  - Chemical regulation of respiration. Normal variations and abnormal responses.

PMID- 6811220
TI  - [Treatment of extensive tissue loss of the anterior thoracic wall in breast
      pathology: report of 43 cases ].

PMID- 6811219
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in volunteers.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin was studied in 12 healthy volunteers.
      They received four different single oral dose sizes. At all dose levels (0.4, 1,
      2 and 3 g) phenoxymethylpenicillin was rapidly absorbed, usually with serum peaks
      within 0.75 h. The mean maximal serum peaks (+/- SD) were 6.1 +/- 2.0, 15.0 +/-
      4.3, 26.3 +/- 10.0 and 35.5 +/- 10.8 mg/l after 0.4, 1, 2 and 3 g, respectively.
      The relationship between the mean peak serum concentrations and the doses was
      nonlinear (p less than 0.001). The mean areas under the serum concentrations vs.
      time curve (AUC) increased almost linearly with increasing doses, and the
      deviation from linearity was not significant (p less than 0.05). Very low
      penicillin concentrations were obtained in saliva. The urinary excretion during
      10 h was 37--43% of the doses given. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that
      phenoxymethyl penicillin in the present formulation is rapidly and well absorbed
      up to as high doses as 3 g. The tablet formulations used were better absorbed
      than previous ones. The percent of absorption was relatively lower with the
      highest doses, but this probably has only minor therapeutic consequences.

PMID- 6811221
TI  - [Feeding jejunostomy in mid thoracic carcinoma resection].

PMID- 6811222
TI  - Replication in Drosophila chromosomes. VII. Influence of prolonged larval life on
      patterns of replication in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Prolongation of larval life in Drosophila melanogaster, by growing wild type
      larvae at lower temperature, or in animals carrying the X-linked mutation giant
      is known to result in a greater proportion of nuclei in salivary glands showing
      the highest level of polyteny. We have examined by autoradiography the patterns
      of 3H-thymidine incorporation during 10 min or 1 min pulses in salivary gland
      polytene chromosomes of older giant larvae and of wild type late third instar
      larvae of D. melanogaster grown since hatching either at 24 degrees C or at 10
      degrees C. The various patterns of labelling and their relative frequencies are
      generally similar in glands from the warm- (24 degrees C) or cold (10 degrees C)
      reared wild type larvae, except the interband (IB) labelling patterns which are
      very frequent in the later group but rare in the former. The IB type labelled
      nuclei in cold-reared wild type larvae show labelling ranging from only a few
      puffs/interbands labelled to nearly all puffs/interbands labelled. In warm-reared
      wild type larvae, very low labelled IB patterns are not seen. In older giant
      larvae, the 3H-thymidine labelling patterns are in most respects similar to those
      seen in cold-reared wild type larvae. In 1 min pulsed preparations from all
      larvae, the IB patterns are relatively more frequent than in corresponding 10 min
      pulsed preparations. No nuclei with the continuous (2C or 3C) type of labelling
      pattern, with all bands and interbands/puffs labelled, were seen in 1 min pulsed
      preparations from cold-reared wild type or in giant larvae, and only a few nuclei
      in 1 min pulsed preparations from warm-reared wild type larvae exhibited the 2C
      labelling pattern. Analysis of silver grain density on specific late replicating
      sites in late discontinuous (ID) type labelled nuclei suggests that the rate of
      DNA synthesis per chromosomal site is not different at the two developmental
      temperatures. It is suggested that correlated with the prolongation of larval
      life under cold-rearing conditions or in giant larvae, the polytene replication
      cycles are also prolonged. It is further suggested that the polytene S-period in
      these larvae is longer de to a considerable asynchrony in the initiation and
      termination of replication of different sites during a replication cycle.

PMID- 6811223
TI  - Supranucleosomal organization of chromatin. Electron microscopic visualization of
      long polynucleosomal chains.
AB  - A systematic study of the effect of different ionic conditions on the morphology
      of the 25-30 nm chromatin fiber from chicken erythrocytes has revealed that, as
      the ionic strength is increased, knobby fibers with a clear superbead structure
      are formed in the presence of either Mg++ or Na+, or both. A further increase in
      ionic strength results in smooth chromatin fibers due to a tight packing of
      superbeads. Cross-linking such fibers with formaldehyde and reversal of the ionic
      conditions, demonstrates the superbead structures underlying the smooth fibers
      observed at high ionic concentrations. The average size of the superbeads is 34
      nm along the length of the fibers, in agreement with the value found in embedded
      sea cucumber chromatin. A second class of superbeads has an average length of 25
      nm and probably corresponds to partially disrupted structures.

PMID- 6811224
TI  - Absence of novel translation products in relation to induced activity of the 93D
      puff in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Salivary glands of Drosophila larvae were treated in vitro with benzamide or with
      a homogenate of heat shocked glands to specifically induce high transcriptional
      activity of the 93D puff. The newly synthesized 14C-amino acids labelled
      polypeptides in the treated and sister control glands were analysed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by gel autoradiography. The protein
      synthesis patterns in the treated glands in either case remain the same as in
      control glands. No novel polypeptide was seen which could be correlated with the
      high induced transcriptional activity of the 93D puff. This suggests that the 93D
      transcript/s is/are probably not translated.

PMID- 6811225
TI  - Circadian rhythm of the PRL response to TRH in healthy subjects.
AB  - The PRL response to TRH constitutes an important clinical tool for diagnosing
      forms of hyperprolactinemic syndrome. Hence it is important to establish the
      characteristics of the circadian variation in the response of PRL to TRH to
      improve the diagnostic value of the test. Six male subjects, ranging in age from
      23 to 24 years, participated in this study. All were considered healthy on the
      basis of clinical examination, biochemical and hormonal tests. Six TRH tests were
      performed on each subject, one test every other day during a total span of 12
      days. Each test was performed at a different clock hour: 0000, 0400, 0800, 1200,
      1600, 2000. For the test, subjects received 200 microgram TRH intravenously.
      Blood samples were drawn from a catheterized arm vein before the TRH injection
      (basal value) and 20, 30, 60 and 120 min after injection. At each timepoint 5
      endpoints were determined for PRL on each subject. The population mean cosinor,
      according to Halberg, was used to investigate the circadian rhythm in each of the
      endpoints. All the 5 endpoints for PRL are consistent on showing p values near
      0.5 and acrophase estimates before midnight (while basal value displays acrophase
      at 0400). Further investigations are necessary to clarify these circadian rhythms
      and the shift of the acrophases.

PMID- 6811226
TI  - Lack of nocturnal prolactin increase in patients with hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism.
AB  - The circadian prolactin rhythm was studied in a group of 16 male adult
      volunteers: 10 healthy subjects and 6 patients affected by isolated
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). A significant nycto-hemeral prolactin rhythm
      (p = 0.0003, according to cosinor method) is detected in healthy subjects, but
      not in patients with IHH. In view of these results we may deem that the absence
      of nycto-hemeral variations of serum prolactin in subjects with IHH could be
      caused by failure of LH and FSH release.

PMID- 6811227
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in thyroid disorders.

PMID- 6811228
TI  - The development of automatic control systems for Czechoslovak national health
      services.

PMID- 6811229
TI  - DPS--a computerised diagnostic problem solver.
AB  - The paper contains a short description of the DPS system which is a computerized
      diagnostic problem solver. The system is under development of the Research
      Institute of Medical Bionics in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Its underlying
      philosophy yields from viewing the diagnostic process as process of cognitive
      problem solving. The implementation of the system is based on the methods of
      Artificial Intelligence and utilisation of production systems and frame theory
      should be noted in this context. Finally a list of program modules and their
      characterisation is presented.

PMID- 6811230
TI  - Hospital information system, user external diagram of neurological clinic.
AB  - The hospital information system developed by Research Institute of Medical
      Bionics during 1976--1980 provides the means to enter and update files
      continually during a patient's stay in hospital. Particular external diagram
      provide the access the relationship for each user. Only data relevant to the user
      level is revealed by the system. For illustration, a detailed description of an
      external diagram of the First Neurological Clinic of Komensky's University
      Medical School is shown to inform the reader about the practicability of the
      system for nurses and physicians during daily routine.

PMID- 6811231
TI  - Computer evaluation of spirometric examinations and electrocardiograms.
AB  - Computers experiences ever increasing possibilities in acquisition and evaluation
      of biosignals both for the experimental and practical application within the
      scope of executive health care institutions. The analysis and evaluation of
      biosignals on a computer is time-saving, and can involve quantitative parameters
      as well as mathematical methods which in the absence of computer techniques would
      be unmeasurable in practice. The paper describes the basic approaches to the
      solution of analysis automation, and to the computer evaluation of spirometric
      examination and ECG as proposed at the Research Institute of Medical Bionics in
      Bratislava. The technical and program system for evaluation of forces expiration
      within the scope of spirometric examinations and two systems of ECG evaluation
      are described. The first system utilizes the standard 12-lead ECG and Minnesota
      code, the second system processes vector-cardiogram derived from Frank's
      orthogonal leads under application of Pipberger's program.

PMID- 6811232
TI  - Biological effects of bone-seeking alpha emitters with respect to the risk of
      internal contamination in man.
AB  - Some results of long-term experiments performed in mice contaminated with 226Ra
      and 239Pu, especially the damage to the hemopoietic system and the incidence of
      osteosarcoma, are reported. Different degree of damage to the bone marrow
      hemopoiesis, depending on the arrangement of marrow cavities and the capability
      of stem cells to produce differentiated progeny are evaluated. This ability
      decreases with age and with duration of the contamination due to radionuclides.
      From the above aspects of radiation injury the ability of hemopoiesis to
      compensate the decreased production of differentiated peripheral cell forms is
      discussed. It is remarkable that myeloid leukemia occurred earlier and more
      frequently in 239Pu-contaminated animals than in controls. After the injection of
      plutonium-239, myeloid and lymphatic leukemias were diagnosed in most of the
      animals dying without osteosarcoma. These diseases represented a danger not lower
      than that of osteosarcoma which appeared in average later and the expected
      incidence of which was estimated to rise linearly with age. The findings are
      discussed from the aspect of their application in evaluating the risk resulting
      for man from the incorporated bone-seeking alpha emitters.

PMID- 6811233
TI  - TSH stimulation and other ways to increase the uptake in normal and tumorous
      thyroidal tissue.
AB  - The use of bovine TSH is still the most important means for increasing the
      radioiodine uptake in functionally active tissue. The increase is more marked in
      normal thyroid tissue (where 2.5 fold increase of the initial value can be
      expected); but the tumorous tissue reacts to the stimulation, though less
      substantially (mean increase to 1.5). In intact thyroid gland the increase of
      uptake is more pronounced with lower uptake in the remaining thyroid tissue; in
      functionally active tumor this relation cannot be proved. With very low uptake in
      the tumorous tissue (below 2.5%/24 h) the chance to achieve practically
      significant increase is negligible. The complications with TSH administration
      appear especially with repeated application, the proportion of more serious side
      effects being low. The use of diuretic regime with the iodine depletion
      simultaneously with TSH stimulation is rather pretentious for the patient; it
      substantially increases the uptake in the tumorous tissue (again to 2.6 times),
      although more markedly decreases the iodine excretion in the urine what leads to
      higher danger of complications caused by radioiodine therapy. The use of TSH
      stimulation to increase the uptake in the tumorous tissue had not yet been shown
      to be useful.

PMID- 6811234
TI  - Whole-gut lavage for surgery. A case of intraoperative colonic explosion after
      administration of mannitol.
AB  - During the last few years, new forms of bowel preparation before surgery and
      operative endoscopy have been introduced as whole gut irrigation with saline or
      mannitol solutions. The use of 10 to 20 per cent mannitol solution is, however,
      likely to alter the composition and quantity of the colonic gases (methane and
      hydrogen) and to produce explosive mixtures. Some cases of fatal explosions
      occurring during endoscopic electroresection have been reported. The authors
      examine the whole gut lavage methods and report a case of colonic explosion
      during a left hemicolectomy on a patient prepared with 20 per cent mannitol
      solution.

PMID- 6811235
TI  - Enteral therapy in the management of massive gut resection complicated by chronic
      fluid and electrolyte depletion.
AB  - Following combined resection of small and large bowel, fluid and electrolyte
      depletion may necessitate chronic intravenous therapy. We report two such
      patients who were dependent upon thrice weekly intravenous electrolyte infusions
      to maintain body weight and urine output. The patients were maintained on a diet
      aimed at minimizing intestinal fluid losses but nevertheless were in severe
      negative sodium and water balance. Metabolic studies were performed to evaluate
      the efficacy of oral glucose electrolyte therapy in reversing negative sodium and
      water balance. Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis was achieved with isotonic
      glucose, or glucose polymer, electrolyte sipping solutions which enabled both
      patients to become independent of parenteral therapy.

PMID- 6811236
TI  - [Stimulating effect of the vaccinia virus on the repair processes of DNA damaged
      by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide].

PMID- 6811237
TI  - [Passive prophylactic immunisation against post-transfusion hepatitis by
      immunoglobulin preparations: a prospective clinical study].
AB  - In the course of a randomised prospective study involving 98 patients who had
      undergone cardiac surgery, 51 patients were given 20 g human immunoglobulin i.v.
      over four months, 47 received merely blood transfusions, like all other patients,
      averaging 4.4 units per patient. Antibodies against HBs antigen or Hbc antigen
      were present in 20% of patients before operation. After operation (plus blood
      transfusions) antibodies against hepatitis-B virus were demonstrated in 43% of
      the control group but 94% of those treated with immunoglobulins. These antibodies
      persisted in the course of further immunoglobulin administrations, while they
      fell in the control group. Hepatitis-B infections occurred in ten patients of the
      control group, after 30-90 days; three of them developed acute hepatitis. In the
      group treated with immunoglobulins there were only two patients with an
      infection, one of whom developed hepatitis. Antibodies against cytomegalic virus
      increased in the control group but not in the treatment group. In both groups
      there was the same incidence of non-A-non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6811238
TI  - Cerebral mucormycosis: a case report.

PMID- 6811239
TI  - [Comments on the rules by Rechtschaffen and Kales about the visual scoring of
      sleep EEG recordings].
AB  - The rules by Rechtschaffen and Kales present numerous problems; they sometimes
      even contradict physiological facts. This is due on the one hand to the manual
      being limited to central leads only, and on the other hand to rules which are
      partly too narrow, partly too broad and partly too complex. Furthermore, there
      are situations and physiological facts for which the manual does not have any
      rules. The exclusive evaluation of central leads has to result in a different
      scoring for numerous epoches of stages than an evaluation of leads from all
      hemisphere electrodes. In addition, frontal or occipital graphoelements such as
      mitten-pattern and sleep lambda are not even included. It is often difficult to
      make a distinction between an "alpha-sleep type" and pre-arousals (micro
      arousals); the latter also applies to alpha groups in REM sleep. In particular
      however, if frontal, parietal and occipital leads are included, then the stage 2,
      above all however stages 3 and 4 will be represented more frequently, as sigma
      spindles, K-complexes and delta-waves are frequently found in a recognizable form
      only in the non-central leads. Further difficulties result from different paper
      speeds of 15 or 10 mm/s and from the rule concerning the allocation from stage 1
      to stages 2 or REM.

PMID- 6811240
TI  - [The EEG in hypercalcemia].
AB  - When a patient with hypercalcemia presents symptoms of encephalopathy, then also
      the EEG shows some abnormal characteristics; triphasic waves are mentioned. Both
      the clinical and electroencephalographical disturbances are grave, nevertheless
      they are specific. As well the clinical as the electroencephalographic symptoms
      have a tendency to disappear when the calcemia bends to normal values; there
      exists a certain latency. The reason for hypercalcemia usually cannot be properly
      cured, so an encephalopathy due to hypercalcemia mostly includes bad prognosis.

PMID- 6811241
TI  - [The value of EEG in subarachnoidal haemorrhagia].
AB  - The EEG findings from patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage are described. The
      results of the EEG and CT are compared. Furthermore the influence of neurological
      deficits on the number and degree of pathological EEG results was investigated
      and the EEG of patients with and without intracranial aneurysm, shown by
      angiography, were correlated. The EEG was pathological in 47 patients (70%)
      predominantly with focal changes. In the 17 patients with intracranial lesions
      pathological EEG records were significantly commoner and the changes were more
      evident. Also in patients with neurological deficits pathological EEG were
      significantly more frequent. In 25 patients with aneurysm, proved by angiography,
      predominately focal changes were found which gave us information about the site
      of the aneurysm. It was shown, that the EEG gives informations about
      intracerebral lesions and that in cases with subarachnoidal haemorrhage
      functional disturbances can be seen. The EEG is also of prognostic value.

PMID- 6811243
TI  - [The cerebral refractory time of visual evoked potentials in normal persons and
      in patients with multiple sclerosis].
AB  - 29 normal persons at the age of 19 to 70 years were examined. Checker-board
      stimulation with a revolving mirror technique was used. The P2-latencies of the
      visually evoked potentials showed no relation to age. The changes of P2-latencies
      within the relative refractory period were so small, that a relative cerebral
      refractory time could not be determined. The absolute refractory time was at 16,7
      +/- 11 ms. With MS-patients with retrobulbarneuritis pathologically lengthened
      absolute cerebral refractory times were found. The relative refractory time could
      not be determined. With patients with certain multiple sclerosis without
      anamnestic retrobulbarneuritis the determination of the absolute cerebral
      refractory time could improve the diagnostic accuracy in comparison to single
      stimulus examination.

PMID- 6811244
TI  - [Pattern evoked responses of different occipital areas in diagnosis of multiple
      sclerosis].
AB  - Five groups (controls, patients with possible, probable and definite multiple
      sclerosis (MS) and patients with neurological diseases other than multiple
      sclerosis) were tested by pattern evoked potentials. Four occipital areas were
      compared as to the latency of the first major positive component and the latency
      difference when stimulating the right and the left eye. An 8% increase of
      pathological findings was achieved by taking four instead of one response alone
      into account. Latency and/or latency difference was found to be abnormal in 91%
      of patients with definite MS and 95% of patients with definite retrobulbar
      neuritis in history. Position and number of electrodes in the occipital area
      proved to be of considerable significance. Asymmetries of the potential field are
      more easily detected and may enhance diagnostic efficiency.

PMID- 6811242
TI  - [Changes in pattern evoked visual potentials in multiple sclerosis in respect to
      development of illness].
AB  - In 43 patients (28 female, 15 male) with a definitive diagnosis of disseminated
      sclerosis visual evoked potentials were tested several times with pattern
      stimulation. The average duration of the disease was 7 years before the first
      pattern evoked potential. The latency of the evoked potential, estimated from the
      first positive peak, was in the pathological range in 30 patients in the first
      investigation, whereas in 38 patients there was a delayed latency in the last
      measurement. There was an average period of 1.5 years between the first and last
      investigation. In 20 cases the evoked potentials showed a continuous delay in the
      latency. Two patients maintained the original pathological values and in 7 cases
      the control results were below that of the first investigation. In 9 cases it was
      not possible to show a definite result because of the marked fluctuation in the
      values. 5 times in the entire investigation was a pathological result absent.
      There was a clear correlation between both the duration of the disease and the
      presence of a delayed latency, and the frequency of episodes and a pathological
      latency.

PMID- 6811245
TI  - [Short-term sleep recordings after sleep reduction. A valuation of 719 EEG
      registrations].

PMID- 6811246
TI  - [Telemetric electromyography in kinesiological investigations in neurology].
AB  - Telemetrical electromyographical investigations were performed in 23 healthy
      subjects and 33 patients with various diseases of the extrapyramidal system. The
      comparison of our findings leads to electromyographic criteria in the
      differential diagnosis of these disorders. As the majority of previous
      investigations with this method centered on questions concerning functional
      anatomy, a number of modifications were introduced to apply telemetrical methods
      to neurological problems. The following pathological findings were elicited by
      comparison of normal subjects and patients with extrapyramidal diseases: activity
      of hyperkinesias, coinnervation of antagonists, exceeding activity, altered
      patterns of single bursts of activity, retarding of activity, changes of the
      temporal proportions of alternating activity in the tibial muscles while walking.
      The latter finding was interpreted as sign of disturbed temporal coordination of
      automatic movement patterns in distinct diseases of the extrapyramidal system.

PMID- 6811247
TI  - Temporal lobe epilepsy: experimental reproduction.

PMID- 6811248
TI  - "Benign" or "functional" (versus "organic") epilepsies in different stages of
      life: an analysis of the corresponding age-related variations in the
      predisposition to epilepsy.

PMID- 6811249
TI  - Considerations on the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures,
      complied in Marseilles in 1964.

PMID- 6811250
TI  - Computerized tomography in epilepsy: a five year experience.

PMID- 6811252
TI  - The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: comments on the syndrome's terminology and
      nosological position amongst the secondary generalized epilepsies of childhood.

PMID- 6811251
TI  - Partial and generalized seizures associated with cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6811253
TI  - The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a personal study.

PMID- 6811254
TI  - An increase in hypothalamic capacity to synthesize prostaglandin E2 precedes the
      first preovulatory surge of gonadotropins.

PMID- 6811255
TI  - Hypothalamic secretion of dopamine after inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid
      decarboxylase activity.
AB  - An accumulation of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence of
      female rats treated with 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015), and inhibitor of
      aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) activity, was associated
      with a decreased concentration of dopamine in the median eminence and pronounced
      reduction in the release of dopamine into hypophysial portal blood. The amount of
      dopamine released during 1 h into hypophysial portal blood of vehicle-treated
      rats represented 18% of the amount of DOPA that accumulated in 1 h in the median
      eminence of rats treated with NSD 1015. The reduction in the concentration of
      dopamine in the plasma of blood from a single hypophysial portal vessel after the
      inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase activity was associated with a concomitant
      increase in the concentration of PRL in the plasma of arterial blood. In contrast
      to that of dopamine, the concentration of norepinephrine as well as the
      concentration of epinephrine in hypophysial portal plasma was the same or
      slightly greater in animals treated with NSD 1015 than in animals treated with
      the solvent vehicle. These findings are supportive of the view that the release
      of dopamine from the tuberoinfundibular neurons is highly dependent on the rate
      of conversion of DOPA to dopamine and that the rate of synthesis of DOPA is a
      major factor in the control of the rate of release of dopamine into hypophysial
      portal blood.

PMID- 6811256
TI  - Effect of vitamin A deprivation on maintenance of rat mammary tissue and on the
      potential of the epithelium for hormone-dependent milk protein synthesis.
AB  - Mammary tissue from rats severely deficient in vitamin A was compared with that
      from control animals. Glands from the deficient animals weighed only about 60% as
      much as those from control rats, a reflection largely of loss of material from
      the mammary fat pad. By contrast, vitamin A-deficient glands had as much
      epithelium as control glands. Furthermore, explants from the deficient glands
      were as responsive to insulin, glucocorticoid, and PRL as explants from control
      glands, in terms of the induction of casein synthesis and the alpha-lactalbumin
      and galactosyltransferase activities. It appears that vitamin A does not have a
      physiological role either in the maintenance of rat mammary epithelium or in its
      potential for hormone-dependent phenotypic expression. The results suggest that
      the anticarcinogenic activity of retinoids on rat mammary gland reported
      previously may lie outside the purview of these aspects of the mammary cell.

PMID- 6811257
TI  - Endocrine responses to sexual arousal in male mice.
AB  - The endocrine correlates of sexual arousal were explored in male mice. Using
      indwelling atrial cannulae, temporal changes in the blood levels of six hormones
      were monitored in sexually rested vs. sexually sated males before and during
      their exposure to receptive females. The vaginae of some test females were
      artificially occluded to assess separately the impact of intromission on hormone
      levels. Sexually rested males responded to receptive females with dramatic
      increases in their blood levels of corticosterone, epinephrine, and
      norepinephrine. These changes occurred independently of intromission. Blood
      titers of these three hormones did not change in sexually sated males when they
      encountered a receptive female. Both sexually sated and sexually rested males
      discharged LH in a reflex-like manner immediately upon perceiving a test female.
      PRL was released only in response to ejaculation, and FSH titers were unaffected
      by the presence of a female. In general, a receptive female elicits a variety of
      hormonal responses in a male mouse. Some hormones seem to be discharged in
      response to sexual arousal per se, whereas others are released with varying
      degrees of independence of this process. Viewed from another perspective, the
      present results allow the presentation of a relatively detailed scheme that
      temporally relates sensory input to hormonal response during the sexual
      interactions of male mice.

PMID- 6811258
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies of gonadotropin storage in developing castration
      cells.

PMID- 6811259
TI  - Preparation of gonadotroph-enriched cell populations from adult rat anterior
      pituitary cells by centrifugal elutriation.

PMID- 6811260
TI  - Relaxin stimulates plasminogen activator secretion by rat granulosa cells in
      vitro.
AB  - Granulosa cells isolated from the ovaries of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
      (PMSG)-treated immature rats were cultured with relaxin or FSH. Both hormones
      increased the secretion of plasminogen activator into the culture medium. Relaxin
      caused a dose-related rise in plasminogen activator but did not increase cAMP or
      progesterone levels in the medium of freshly harvested granulosa cells, although
      they were responsive to FSH. This ability of relaxin to stimulate plasminogen
      activator synthesis without progesterone or cAMP rises indicates that the
      pathways of post-receptor events leading to stimulation of plasminogen activator
      differ markedly from those of the gonadotropins. Relaxin is thus a fully
      characterized peptide hormone produced by the ovary with a well-defined action
      upon the granulosa cell and may have an intraovarian role in the events leading
      to ovulation.

PMID- 6811261
TI  - Induced chromosome loss with nitrosopiperidine in the male Drosophila
      melanogaster.

PMID- 6811262
TI  - Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning:
      determination of phagocyte Fc and complement receptors.

PMID- 6811263
TI  - Effect of formothion on carbohydrate metabolism in indian catfish, Heteropneustes
      fossilis.

PMID- 6811264
TI  - Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in
      rabbit liver plasma membranes.
AB  - The presence of cytochrome P-450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was confirmed in
      rabbit liver plasma membranes. Their levels, expressed as amount or activity/mg
      protein, were 25 and 40% respectively of those found in hepatic microsomes. Both
      enzymes were induced by phenobarbital treatment of the animals: administration of
      the barbiturate for 4 days, produced a 150% increase in the cytochrome P-450
      content and in the specific activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. As compared
      with the microsomal enzymes, the plasma membrane enzymes were localized in a
      lipid environment characterized by high levels of cholesterol and sphingomyelin
      and a low level of phosphatidylcholine. Treatment with phenobarbital for 4 days
      also caused a significant increase of phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine content in plasma membranes.

PMID- 6811265
TI  - Enzymatic properties of human glucuronyltransferase and a sensitive method for
      its assay in a stable B lymphocyte cell line.
AB  - Properties of lymphocyte glucuronyltransferase were studied in homogenates of
      SN1006 cells. A sensitive assay procedure for lymphocyte glucuronyltransferase
      was developed utilizing radioactive testosterone as the acceptor substrate and
      TLC for separation of the metabolite. The method is capable of detecting
      picomolar quantities of the product. The enzyme activity exhibited a broad pH
      optimum, and was subject to activation by the detergent Lubrol WX and Mn++ ions.
      The activity conformed to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics giving apparent Km values
      of 0.8 mM and 11 microM, for UDPGA and testosterone, respectively. 4
      Methylumbelliferone, a-naphthol and p-nitrophenol behaved as competitive
      inhibitors of testosterone glucuronidation. The results indicate that the method
      could be used for genetic studies of human lymphocyte glucuronyltransferase, and
      that the enzyme is of consequence in detoxication of exogenous as well as
      endogenous substrates.

PMID- 6811266
TI  - Purification and characterization of actinogelin, a calcium-sensitive actin
      accessory protein, from rat liver.
AB  - Although cell-free extracts prepared from several types of free-living cells,
      including Ehrlich tumor cells, macrophages and sea-urchin eggs, readily form gels
      under low Ca2+ conditions, no such ability to induce actin-related gel has been
      detected in tissue-cell extracts. Ca2+ -insensitive gelation activity was
      discovered, however, in several tissue-cell extracts, including liver and brain,
      provided that the extracts were supplemented with skeletal muscle actin. Based on
      sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the gel,
      these extracts seem to contain both a Ca2+ -insensitive gelation factor and Ca2+ 
      sensitive one, actinogelin. A procedure for purification of actinogelin from rat
      liver was developed, and the properties of actinogelin thus purified were
      compared with those of Ehrlich tumor cell actinogelin. No appreciable difference
      was found in these two proteins, and Ca2+ sensitivity (50% inhibition of gelation
      at 1 microM) was very similar. Some of the molecular characteristics are
      described, and the importance of the presence of actinogelin in tissue cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 6811267
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of neolactotetraosylceramide by the N-acetyllactosamine
      synthase of human serum.
AB  - A high galactosyltransferase activity with lactotriaosylceramide as acceptor has
      been found in human serums. The reaction requires UDP-galactose, Mn2+, and Triton
      X-100. It has a pH optimum of 6.0 and a Km for lactotriaosylceramide of 0.66 mM.
      On the basis of methylation analysis and susceptibility towards beta
      galactosidase the reaction product has been identified as
      neolactotetraosylceramide. Lactotetraosylceramide formation was not observed.
      Evidence is presented that the serum enzymic activity can be attributed to N
      acetyllactosamine synthase (EC 2.4.1.90). The beta 1 leads to 4
      galactosyltransferase activities with lactotriaosylceramide as acceptor have been
      determined in different human sera. The activity is independent of ABO, p and Rh
      blood-group status. The enzyme is within a normal range in serums of cancer
      patients.

PMID- 6811268
TI  - Hydroxylations in biosynthesis of bile acids. Cytochrome P-450 LM4 and 12alpha
      hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol.
AB  - 12alpha-Hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol was studied in
      reconstituted systems consisting of electrophoretically homogeneous cytochrome P
      450 LM4 fractions and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rabbit liver
      microsomes. Cytochrome P-450 LM4 fractions were prepared from untreated,
      phenobarbital-treated, beta-naphthoflavone-treated and starved rabbits. The
      purified cytochromes catalyzed 12alpha-hydroxylation more efficiently than the
      corresponding microsomes. In the reconstituted systems, carbon monoxide inhibited
      12alpha-hydroxylation by 50-80%. The rate of 12alpha-hydroxylation was three to
      four times higher with cytochrome P-450 LM4 fractions from starved rabbits than
      with cytochrome P-450 LM4 fractions from untreated, phenobarbital-treated and
      beta-naphthoflavone-treated animals. Amino acid analyses, peptide mapping
      experiments as well as absorption spectral and circular dichroism spectral
      analyses revealed physical differences between cytochrome P-450 LM4 fractions
      from starved animals and preparations from phenobarbital-treated animals. The
      results indicate the presence of a cytochrome P-450 species in the cytochrome P
      450 LM4 fraction specific for 12alpha-hydroxylation.

PMID- 6811269
TI  - Procollagen N-proteinase. Properties of the enzyme purified from chick embryo
      tendons.
AB  - Procollagen N-proteinase was purified about 3700-fold from chick embryo tendons.
      Electrophoresis of the protein after iodination and denaturation suggested it was
      homogeneous. However, the native enzyme could not be examined by gel
      electrophoresis, and therefore homogeneity of the preparation was not
      conclusively established. Antibodies to the enzyme completely inhibited activity
      and gave a single precipitant line by double immuno-diffusion. The Km for a
      native procollagen substrate was 0.3-0.5 microM. The same protein after
      denaturation inhibited activity. The enzyme did not cleave type III procollagen
      from human fibroblasts or a type IV procollagen from a mouse sarcoma. Ca2+ was
      required for maximal enzymic activity. The data suggested a second metal
      requirement, but this was not identified. Reducing agents and metal chelators
      inhibited activity, but there was little if any inhibition from several
      inhibitors of other neutral metalloproteinases.

PMID- 6811270
TI  - A novel non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase. Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase
      from Phenylobacterium immobilis DSM 1986.
AB  - Previously we purified an enzyme from Phenylobacterium immobilis DSM 1986, which
      cleaves the catechol derivative of the herbicide Chloridazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2
      phenyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone] in the meta position. The enzyme, which could be
      crystallized, proved in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests to consist of a single
      protein species. No cross-reaction was observed with other meta-cleaving enzymes.
      Its light absorption spectrum showed a maximum at 279 nm (epsilon = 310 mM -1 cm 
      1), shoulders at 289 nm and 275 nm and a very weak band at around 430 nm (epsilon
      = 1.14 mM -1 cm -1). The amino acid analysis showed a slight excess of acidic
      amino acids, in agreement with the pl of 4.5. Surprisingly the enzyme per se is
      completely inactive, although it contains one non-dialysable iron atom per
      submit. It has to be activated by preincubation with ferrous ions or ascorbate.
      The enzyme activated this way is autoxidizable and returns to its non-activated
      state in the presence of oxygen. During the reaction with the substrate, this
      inactivation seems to be enhanced about 100 times. Since this kind of activation
      and inactivation is not observed in other meta-cleaving enzymes, this enzyme
      seems to represent a new type of a non-heme iron dioxygenase. We tentatively
      propose the name Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase for this enzyme.

PMID- 6811271
TI  - Restoration of NADH oxidation with menaquinones and menaquinone analogues in
      membrane vesicles from the menaquinone-deficient Bacillus subtilis aroD.

PMID- 6811273
TI  - Studies on the reaction to light of Chilodonella steini (Blochmann, 1895)
      Cyrtophorida.
AB  - The effect of polychromatic and monochromatic light on the behaviour of
      Chilodenella steini cells is described. Negative phototaxis is observed when the
      cells are subjected to red light (640-660 nm), but positive phototaxis reaction
      when subjected to yellow light (570-590 nm). The occurrence of two different
      reactions points to the existence of two kinds of photoreceptor substances.

PMID- 6811272
TI  - Heterogeneity of human erythrocyte band 3 analyzed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Human erythrocyte membrane and purified band 3 were separated initially by
      isoelectric focusing and then examined in a second dimension by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Band 3 was segregated into three
      major bands whether the protein was contained within the membranes or was present
      in the isolated state. The isoelectric points of these major bands were 5.25,
      5.35 and 5.70. Of chymotryptic fragments of band 3, the 60-kDa fragment was also
      separated into three major bands whose pI values were 4.75, 5.10 and 5.30. The
      multiplicity of band 3 appears to be due to different charges carried by the
      peptide(s) and is not ascribed to oxidation of band 3 during its preparation.
      Isoelectric points of the purified 60-kDa fragment were different from the pI
      values of the fragment coexisting with the complementary 35-kDa fragment, in
      which case the pI values were exactly the same as those of intact band 3. This
      suggests that these fragments interact tightly in situ even after being cleaved
      by chymotrypsin, and the tight interaction must still be present during
      electrophoresis in the first dimension.

PMID- 6811274
TI  - Accuracy of 24-h whole-body (skeletal) retention of diphosphonate measurements.

PMID- 6811276
TI  - Lead encephalopathy treated by versenate (CA-EDTA).
AB  - A patient with generalised epileptic seizures, mental and psychotic signs was
      diagnosed as suffering from lead encephalopathy. He was a big consumer of home
      made arrack, illicit alcohol prepared at home in secrecy, in tools containing
      copper and lead. Basophilic stippling increased the possibility of lead
      encephalopathy, which was soon proved. He was successfully treated with low doses
      of Versenate, a chelating factor, and totally recovered.

PMID- 6811277
TI  - Ictal hemiparesis.
AB  - 2 cases of ictal hemiparesis in adults are presented. The clinical picture was
      recurrent transient hemiparesis with contralateral focal hemispheric discharge.
      The etiology in such cases seems to be a stimulation of the second somatosensory
      and/or the supplementary motor areas. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, while
      transient ischemic attacks in adults are readily diagnosed, some cases might be
      subject to misdiagnosis, being actually due to inhibitory fits.

PMID- 6811275
TI  - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, SHBG deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia: a
      transient phenomenon during induction chemotherapy in leukemic children.

PMID- 6811279
TI  - Enhanced and reversed growth in vitro of a pregnancy-dependent mouse mammary
      tumor (TPDMT-4) by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analog.
AB  - TPDMT-4 pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors grow continuously in DDD female mice
      carrying pituitary isografts (PI) ectopically or bearing an s.c. 17 beta
      estradiol plus progesterone (EP) pellet. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      agonist, (D-leucyl6, des-glycl-HN2(10), prolyl-ethylamide9) GnRH (TAP-144), was
      examined for its antitumor activity in these experimental systems. TAP-144 was
      injected i.p. at doses of 300 and 600 micrograms 6 times weekly, when tumors grew
      to significant sizes. TAP-144 enhanced tumor growth during the first 2 weeks and
      subsequently reversed it in a dose-related manner in PI-bearing mice. The agonist
      did not affect tumor growth in the absence of ovaries in these mice. In
      ovariectomized mice, TAP-144 enhanced EP pellet-induced tumor growth but never
      reversed it. In ovariectomized, PI-bearing mice, PAT-144 first enhanced and
      subsequently reversed tumor regrowth induced by ovarian grafts to a greater
      extent when commencing it simultaneously with ovarian grafting than 30 days
      before it. The agonist also exerted the dual effects on TPDMT-4V ovarian
      dependent subline tumors in the absence of PI. In TAP-144- treated mice, enhanced
      tumor growth was related to many solid corpora lutea in ovaries and fully
      developed mammary glands, but reversed growth was related to atrophied luteal
      components and mammary glands. The results suggest that TAP-144 enhances tumor
      growth first via its stimulative action on the pituitary-ovarian axis and causes
      tumor regression later via its direct inhibitory action on ovaries.

PMID- 6811278
TI  - Lysosomal isozyme patterns in ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors.
AB  - Isozyme patterns for five acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (AP), aryl-sulfate
      (AS), beta-glucuronidase (beta-Glu), N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and beta
      galactosidase (beta-Gal), were studied in isolated lysosomes from
      ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced gliomas and compared with normal and newborn rat
      brains. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), AP was separated into
      three bands, acidic (A), intermediate (B) and basic (C). In tumors and newborn
      brains there was a decrease in A and C but a significant increase in B. For NAG
      the acidic form was elevated by 9-19% in tumors, while newborn brains showed a
      19% decrease. Even though the band intensities of beta-Glu in tumors and newborn
      brains were increased, the relative distribution remained similar to normal
      brain. With isoelectric focusing, five hydrolases were separated into four to
      five distinct forms. In ENU-induced gliomas the intensities of all peaks were
      considerably increased, but in most cases the number of isozymes remained the
      same. In tumors the isoelectric points were shifted towards the acidic side and
      smaller peaks in the basic regions merged into more acidic peaks. This effect was
      especially evident for AP and Gal. In the cases of AS, beta-Glu and NAG,
      consistently more activity was associated with acidic peaks than with the basic
      ones. Our data indicates that there is a significant increase in acidic forms of
      some of the lysosomal hydrolases studied in ENU-induced brain tumors.

PMID- 6811280
TI  - A reassessment of the mechanism of action of 4'-[(9-acridinyl)
      amino]methanesulphon-m-anisidide.
AB  - The conclusion that treating cells with 4'-[(9-acridinyl)- amino]methanesulphon-m
      anisidide (mAMSA) causes an alkali-dependent decrease in the size of their DNA
      was reinvestigated. Evidence is presented that alkali is not needed to detect an
      effect of mAMSA on the sedimentation rate of DNA released from mAMSA-treated
      PY815 cells and that mAMSA causes double-strand breaks in cellular DNA.

PMID- 6811281
TI  - Toxicity, antitumour and haematological effects of 1,2-anhydro-6-bromogalactitol
      and d-mannitol: a comparison with the related dibromo- and dianhydro-derivatives.
AB  - 1,2-Anhydro-6-bromo-6-deoxygalactitol (BrEpG) and its D-mannitol analogue (BrEpM)
      intermediary metabolites in the conversion of dibromodulcitol (DBD) and
      dibromomannitol (DBM) into dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) and dianhydromannitol (DAM)
      have been prepared. The three types of derivative of each hexitol have been
      compared in their toxicities towards mice, tumour inhibitory activities against
      the Walker carcinosarcoma and haematological effects in rats. The bromoepoxides
      showed intermediate potency in all tests. The galactitol derivatives were always
      more potent than their mannitol counterparts. The mannitol derivatives were
      selectively myelosuppressive, being twice as toxic towards granulocytes as
      towards lymphocytes. The lymphotoxic activity of DBM, in particular, relative to
      its other toxic effects was particularly mild. These differences have been
      ascribed principally to the more rapid reactivity of DAG compared with DAM
      towards target nucleophiles, modulated by the influence of the bromine
      substituent on the transport properties of the dibromo- and bromoepoxy
      derivatives.

PMID- 6811282
TI  - Influence of muscle use on amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 6811285
TI  - Messenger RNA from allotype-defined rabbits directing the cell-free synthesis of
      immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.
AB  - In vitro synthesis studies were performed utilizing polyA(+)-RNA and lymphocytes
      from the spleens of rabbits hyperimmunized with Micrococcus luteus or
      Streptococcus pneumoniae (type III). PolyA(+)-RNA isolated after 4 M guanidinium
      thiocyanate extraction and oligo(dT)-selection appeared to be undegraded on
      CH3HgOH-agarose gel electrophoresis and demonstrated biological activity when
      translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. The electrophoretic
      patterns of the specifically immunoprecipitated cell-free products were compared
      with those of Nonidet-P40 extracts (lysates) and secretions (supernatants) from
      rabbit spleen lymphocyte cultures and serum proteins. Kappa light chains with
      specific b allotypes, as well as immunoglobulin heavy chains, were identified.
      The efficient translation of mRNA of defined allotypes was a necessary
      prerequisite for production of characterized cDNA clones and identification of
      genomic sequences for rabbit immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.

PMID- 6811284
TI  - The anaerobic threshold.

PMID- 6811283
TI  - Breath-hold diving in terrestrial mammals.

PMID- 6811286
TI  - Production of IgG-specific auto-anti-allotypes in b4.2-suppressed rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits were completely suppressed for kappa chain allotype b4.2, and
      autoantibodies against b4.1 or b4.2 could be raised in 2 out of 3 animals. The
      animal immunized with b4.1 produced anti-b4 and anti-Ms3, two activities which
      have never as yet been found together in one antiserum. Both autoantisera lacked
      the capacity to bind b4.2-IgM, whereas they precipitated 4.2-IgG very well. In
      one animal, anti-b4 IgM activity appeared after the sixth immunization, at the
      age of 14 months. Allotype suppression was maintained in both rabbits till the
      end of their lives whereas all control animals recovered within 6 months. The
      autoantisera which were specific for b4 IgG could not induce suppression in vivo.
      However, specific inhibition of b4 IgG secretion was observed in vitro.

PMID- 6811288
TI  - Migrant mu+ delta+ and static mu+ delta- B lymphocyte subsets.
AB  - Immunoglobulin isotype expression in isolated lymph node (LN), spleen and blood
      lymphocyte suspensions was assessed in rats. The proportion of mu+ delta- B cells
      in spleen (34%) was approximately twice that in blood and LN. Immunohistological
      examination of spleens showed the cells of the marginal zones to be predominantly
      mu+ delta-. On the other hand, mu+ delta+ B cells were mainly confined to the
      follicles in both spleen and LN. These follicles had a minor mu+ delta-
      component. The migratory properties of B cells with these two phenotypes were
      assessed by depleting lymphocytes migrating through the white pulp of rat spleen.
      This was achieved by placing a 32P-impregnated beta-emitting polythene strip over
      one half of the spleen. Examination of the nonirradiated half of the spleen, LN
      and peripheral blood after 12 days irradiation showed selective loss of delta + B
      cells. The mu + delta- cells of the splenic marginal zone were numerically
      unaltered. There was also a substantial residual mu + delta- B cell presence in
      the small lymphocyte compartment of follicles of LN and spleen in depleted
      animals. In addition, the blood selectively retained a mu + delta- B cell
      component. This was not derived from the spleen, as mu + delta- blood B cell
      numbers were sustained even where both halves of the spleen were irradiated. It
      is concluded that: (a) the major static B cell component of spleen and LN is mu +
      delta-, (b) that most if not all delta + B cells repeatedly migrate through the
      spleen and (c) there is a blood-born mu + delta- component which is resistant to
      depletion by splenic irradiation.,

PMID- 6811289
TI  - Two-dimensional gel analysis of the polypeptides precipitated by a polymorphic
      HLA-DR1,2,w6 monoclonal antibody: evidence for a third locus.
AB  - The SDR1 monoclonal antibody reacts only with cells which express the HLA-DR1,
      2,w6 or w8 allogeneic specificities. Two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH
      gradient/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of
      SDR1 immunoprecipitates from [35S]methionine biosynthetically labeled cells
      revealed the typical pattern of Ia antigens, namely two polypeptides of about
      34kDa and 29kDa (designated epsilon and beta-3) as well as the "basic invariant
      spot" of about 31 kDa. The epsilon and beta-3 polypeptides were only weakly
      represented in similar analyses of immunoprecipitates performed using a
      monomorphic HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, TDR31.1. The epsilon and beta-3
      polypeptides of B lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous for HLA-DR2 and w6 were
      structurally polymorphic as judged by two-dimensional gel analyses. This
      polymorphism was independent of the HLA-DR specificity. It is concluded that the
      SDR1 antibody recognizes a polymorphic set of Ia antigens that are coded by a
      locus other than HLA-DR. These antigens probably also express the MT1 (DC1, LB12)
      alloantigenic specificity and are most likely the human equivalent of the murine
      I-A subregion antigens.

PMID- 6811287
TI  - Synthesis of lambda 1, lambda 2, and lambda 3 light chains by mouse spleen B
      cells.
AB  - To determine whether the infrequency of immunoglobulins with lambda 3 light
      chains is due to a corresponding scarcity of lambda 3 B cells, the production of
      the various lambda chain subtypes (lambda 1, lambda 2, and lambda 3) by normal
      spleen cells was compared. The results showed that lambda 1, lambda 2, and lambda
      3 chains are produced in a ratio of about 1.0: 0.7 : 0.3, respectively. The
      argument is made that lambda 1, lambda 2, and lambda 3 B cells exist in the same
      ratio. Results obtained with neonatal and nude mouse spleen cells suggest that
      these small differences are not due to stimulatory effects of environmental
      antigens or regulatory T cells. The much greater disparity in the abundance of
      lambda subtypes in various antibody responses and serum Ig suggests that lambda 1
      B cells may be more likely than lambda 2 or lambda 3 B cells to differentiate
      into antibody-secreting plasma cells.

PMID- 6811290
TI  - An antagonist-induced benzodiazepine abstinence syndrome.
AB  - Cats were treated for 35 days with flurazepam, 5 mg/kg per day. The drug was
      administered through a gastric fistula. Ro15-1788, a benzodiazepine antagonist,
      caused an abstinence syndrome when administered through the gastric fistula 24 h
      after the last dose of chronic treatment. Abstinence signs included increased
      muscle tone, tremor, piloerection, pupillary dilation, panting, and excessive
      salivation. Neither convulsions nor delirium was seen. Severity of abstinence was
      similar after Ro15-1788 doses of 2-100 mg/kg, but lasted longer (8-10 h) after
      the higher dose. Readministering Ro15-1788 a week after the end of chronic
      treatment precipitated an attenuated abstinence syndrome, but was inactive after
      2 weeks.

PMID- 6811291
TI  - Fluvoxamine, a new antidepressant drug, fails to show antiserotonin activity.
AB  - Fluvoxamine, (E)-5-methoxy-4'-(trifluoromethyl)valerophenone O-2(2
      aminoethyl)oxime, a new antidepressant drug inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) uptake,
      was studied in rats and mice in order to check whether it has any central anti-5
      HT activity, as do some tricyclic antidepressants, e.g. amitriptyline and
      doxepin. Fluvoxamine did not influence either the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced
      head twitch response in mice or the tryptamine convulsions in rats. In the hind
      limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat the stimulation induced by fenfluramine was
      inhibited, that induced by LSD was not changed. Fluvoxamine also antagonized the
      hyperthermia (at ambient temperature of 28 degrees C), induced in rats by
      fenfluramine or p-chloroamphetamine. The hyperthermia caused by m
      chlorophenylpiperazine was not inhibited. Fluvoxamine did not antagonize the 5-HT
      pressor effect in pithed rats. It has no effect on the immobility time in the
      behavioural despair test in rats. The results indicate that fluvoxamine fails to
      show anti-5-HT activity.

PMID- 6811292
TI  - The effect of neurotensin on food consumption in the rat.
AB  - The effect of neurotensin on feeding behavior were studied in rats.
      Intracerebroventricular administration of neurotensin (3.3-30 micrograms)
      produced a dose-related decrease in food intake in 24 h food deprived rats. Acute
      intracerebroventricular injection of neurotensin (30 micrograms) shortly after
      the ingestion of a novel flavor did not produce a flavor aversion during testing
      48 h later, suggesting that reduction of food intake by low doses of centrally
      administered neurotensin is not related to a conditioned taste aversion.
      Intracerebroventricularly administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (2.2
      micrograms) also inhibited food intake and appeared to attenuate slightly the
      inhibition of food intake induced by 10 micrograms neurotensin.

PMID- 6811294
TI  - Head turning induced by unilateral intracaudate thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) injection in the cat.
AB  - Unilateral intracaudate injection of TRH in cats (10 microgram) induced head
      turning responses similar to the responses produced by dopamine (DA) (10
      microgram). Contralateral head turning responses were observed after injections
      in the central part of the caudate body, whereas, injections placed more
      laterally induced ipsilateral responses. While haloperidol (3 mg/kg i.m.)
      suppressed the DA-induced response, it appeared to potentiate the effects of TRH.
      Cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg i.p.) did not alter the TRH-induced responses. These
      results suggest that, although TRH induces DA-like effects on postural symmetry,
      the mediation of TRH effects bypasses striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic
      receptors. While intracaudate TRH and DA induced head turning, they did not alter
      the level of head motility as measured by the number of head movements.
      Haloperidol, but not cyproheptadine pretreatment, decreased the level of head
      motility providing evidence that postural symmetry is modulated within the
      striatum, whereas head motility is regulated by extrastriatal dopaminergic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6811293
TI  - New aspects of arachidonic acid metabolism in human uterine cervix.

PMID- 6811295
TI  - Effects of vinblastine on malondialdehyde formation, serotonin release and
      aggregation in human platelets.
AB  - Effects of the microtubular agent vinblastine on human platelet malondialdehyde
      formation, [14C]serotonin release and aggregation were studied in suspensions of
      [14C]serotonin-labelled platelets. Vinblastine caused dose-dependent inhibition
      of malondialdehyde formation and aggregation in platelet suspensions stimulated
      with thrombin, ADP or palmitaldehyde acetal phosphatidic acid (PGAP).
      Malondialdehyde formation, aggregation and [14C]serotonin release caused by
      threshold doses of thrombin were reduced but not abolished by 100 muM
      vinblastine; 30-100 muM vinblastine abolished ADP- and PGAP-induced
      malondialdehyde formation and [14C]serotonin released and transformed ADP- and
      PGAP-induced irreversible aggregation to a diminished reversible response.
      Arachidonate conversion to malondialdehyde catalysed by human platelet microsomes
      was inhibited by vinblastine and the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and
      aspirin, but not by salicylate. Vinblastine inhibited the microsome-catalysed
      formation of malondialdehyde from prostaglandin H2. It is concluded that
      vinblastine inhibits the thromboxane pathway of arachidonate metabolism in
      stimulated platelets, consequently inhibiting release and aggregation, and that
      this effect of vinblastine may be, at least in part, independent of its
      antimicrotubular actions.

PMID- 6811296
TI  - Evidence for a dopamine interaction with the central respiratory control system
      in the rat.
AB  - Respiratory activity was studied in adult rats during light halothane anesthesia.
      Dopamine agonists and antagonists were injected intracerebroventricularly
      (i.c.v.) or systemically. The respiratory parameters were recorded after exposure
      to O2 or to CO2 in O2. Apomorphine (i.c.v. 300 microgram) induced a biphasic
      response with an initial decrease in respiratory frequency (f) followed by
      pronounced tachypnoea after 5 min. The changes in tidal volume (VT) showed an
      inverse pattern. When apomorphine was administered into the fourth ventricle,
      only the later phase of the biphasic response was observed. Haloperidol (2 mg/kg
      i.p.) antagonized the apomorphine-induced response in contrast to domperidone (2
      mg/kg i.v.), a dopamine receptor blocking agent which does not pass the blood
      brain barrier. Administered i.c.v., haloperidol as well as domperidone induced a
      decrease in f while VT was increased. The same response was observed after the
      presynaptic dopamine receptor agonist 3-PPP, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n
      propylpiperidine. Hypercapnea was found to decrease the tachypnea in apomorphine
      treated animals. Apomorphine also induced a decrease in blood pressure and heart
      rate, which was not reversed by haloperidol. It is concluded that there is a
      centrally located, tonically activated dopamine system involved in respiratory
      regulation. The predominant effect seems to be of a respiratory stimulating
      nature. The possible role of presynaptic and different postsynaptic dopamine
      receptor mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 6811297
TI  - Behavioural evidence for partial agonist properties of RO 15-1788, a
      benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.
AB  - Rats trained to discriminate pentylenetetrazol from saline had this cue
      antagonized by the benzodiazepine, clorazepate. Ro 15-1788 reversed the
      antagonism of the pentylenetetrazol cue produced by clorazepate. Similarly, Ro 15
      1788 blocked the anti-conflict effect of clorazepate. Rats trained to
      discriminate clorazepate from saline, however, generalized this cue to Ro 15
      1788. These results demonstrate that Ro 15-1788 is not a pure benzodiazepine
      antagonist, but has partial agonist properties.

PMID- 6811298
TI  - Membrane-associated proteins affect the formation of filipin-cholesterol
      complexes in viral membranes.

PMID- 6811299
TI  - Polymerization of actin without acrosomal exocytosis in starfish sperm.
      Visualization with NBD-phallacidin.

PMID- 6811300
TI  - Fluorescent deacetylcolchicine. New aspects of its activity and localization in
      PtK-1 cells.

PMID- 6811301
TI  - Nuclear proteins and the organization of chromatin in spermatozoa of Mytilus
      edulis.

PMID- 6811302
TI  - Phenotypically immature B mu cells in the peripheral blood after bone marrow
      grafting in man.

PMID- 6811303
TI  - Connections of the hippocampal formation, mamillary bodies, anterior thalamus and
      cingulate cortex. A retrograde study using horseradish peroxidase in the cat.
AB  - The afferent projections to, and the interconnections between, four structures of
      the so-called limbic system were investigated in the cat. The retrograde
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique was used to trace the origins of fibers
      projecting to each of these four loci. Particular emphasis was laid on tracing
      cortical afferents of these regions. Four injections were performed in the dorsal
      and two in the ventral subicular regions; six were centered within the mamillary
      nuclei, four within the anterior thalamic nuclei, and three within the cingulate
      gyrus. For each region, a number of projections were found which had apparently
      not been described before, at least not for the cat: For injections into the
      subicular regions, a hitherto unknown number of cortical afferents was detected,
      including labeled cells in the prefrontal and premotor fields and from large
      areas within the posterior parietal, temporal and occipital cortex (i.e., sensory
      and sensory integration cortex); numerous neurons were labeled in the anterior
      nuclear group of the thalamus. Injections of HRP into the mamillary nuclei
      revealed, aside from a strong projection from the subicular regions,
      frontocortical and cingulate projections to the mamillary nuclei; the mamillary
      nuclei also received subcortical projections from the septum, the diagonal band
      of Broca and from the periaqueductal gray. Following injections into the anterior
      thalamic nuclei, labeled cells were found in the prefrontal cortex, and to a
      lesser extent in lateral parts of the cortical hemisphere; subcortically, the
      mamillary nuclei received connections from hypothalamic areas, the periaqueductal
      gray, the diagonal band of Broca and the claustrum. Cingulate injections labeled
      cells in temporal and parietal cortical areas, in the subicular region, and also
      in the periaqueductal gray. Our findings reveal that each of the four injected
      areas receives a large number of afferents from divergent regions of the brain;
      of these, a considerable number is shared by each of the four injection loci.
      Furthermore, the present results reveal that the subiculum, the mamillary bodies,
      and the anterior thalamus are more strongly interconnected than previously
      assumed.

PMID- 6811305
TI  - Brain tissue osmolality after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.

PMID- 6811304
TI  - Morphology of the neurons in the human lateral geniculate nucleus and their
      normal development. A Golgi study.
AB  - Neurons in the adult human lateral geniculate nucleus have been classified using
      Golgi preparations. The neuronal classes correspond to those previously described
      in monkey (Saini and Garey 1981). The commonest are multipolar neurons with
      either "radiate" or "tufted" dendritic trees. Also seen frequently are bipolar
      neurons with two or three diametrically opposed dendrites. Rarer classes include
      neurons with beaded dendrites and those with "axon-like" dendritic processes,
      perhaps interneurons. Neurons are also found in the circumgenicule capsule. Most
      neurons have dendrites restricted to the laminae, but some dendrites cross the
      borders of both magno- and parvocellular laminae. Somata are also seen in
      interlaminar zones with dendrites reaching the adjacent laminae. No significant
      difference, apart from size, is found between neurons in magno- and parvocellular
      laminae. Most neuronal types are found at birth. They are, however, strikingly
      different from their adult forms in having growth cones and filopodia and an
      abundance of dendritic and somatic spines and "hair-like" processes.
      Morphological maturity is reached by about nine months postnatally. Similar
      maturational changes occur in monkey in the first two months of life (Garey and
      Saini 1981) and in both monkey and man this period of maturation of the lateral
      geniculate nucleus corresponds to increasing visual acuity and a time when each
      species is most likely to be affected by visual deprivation.

PMID- 6811306
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine depletion on dorsal hippocampus kindling in rats.

PMID- 6811307
TI  - Hierarchic organization of blood pressure responses during the expression of
      natural behaviors in rat: mediation by sympathetic nerves.

PMID- 6811308
TI  - Effects of maternal nutritional stress on synaptic plasma membrane proteins and
      glycoproteins in offspring.

PMID- 6811309
TI  - On the action of prednisolone and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on
      rabbit bone.
AB  - Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) (0.1 mg and 1 mg P/kg) and prednisolone
      (3.7 mg/kg) were administered separately and in combination to young rabbits for
      a period of 100 days. The results of the experiment show that EHDP is able to
      reduce the loss of bone substance per unit volume caused by prednisolone. The
      histological changes in the epiphyseal cartilage noted after prednisolone are not
      influenced by diphosphonate. The marked formation of fat marrow demonstrable in
      the prednisolone group does not occur in the prednisolone-diphosphonate group.

PMID- 6811310
TI  - Morphological changes of the aorta after administration of Na2EDTA with special
      reference to the mucoid medial necrosis.

PMID- 6811311
TI  - Role of endogenously synthesised prostaglandins on the cholesteryl ester
      metabolism of cells grown in tissue culture.

PMID- 6811312
TI  - Public funding of contraceptive services, 1980-1982.

PMID- 6811313
TI  - Publicly funded abortions in FY 1980 and FY 1981.

PMID- 6811314
TI  - Human milk fibronectin: identification of fibronectin fragments by transfer of
      milk proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets.

PMID- 6811315
TI  - Selective inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by 5,6-methanoleukotriene A4, a stable
      analogue of leukotriene A4.

PMID- 6811316
TI  - Preparation of 15N-labeled L-alanine by coupling the alanine dehydrogenase and
      alcohol dehydrogenase reactions.

PMID- 6811317
TI  - Involvement of the glycosome of Trypanosoma brucei in carbon dioxide fixation.

PMID- 6811318
TI  - Calcium plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic branched-chain 2-oxo
      acid dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 6811320
TI  - Human platelet P235: a high Mr protein which restricts the length of actin
      filaments.

PMID- 6811319
TI  - Fibronectin has an affinity to vinculin, alpha-actinin, tropomyosin and myosin.

PMID- 6811321
TI  - Patterns of nucleotide utilisation in bacterial succinate thiokinases.

PMID- 6811322
TI  - The effect of pH and temperature on the structure of the active site of azurin
      from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6811323
TI  - delta mu H+ is required for flagellar growth in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6811324
TI  - The effect of glyoxylate on nitrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen formation in Anabaena
      cylindrica.

PMID- 6811325
TI  - The activation of glycogen synthase in hepatocytes from rats with a glycogen
      storage disorder (gsd/gsd).

PMID- 6811326
TI  - Inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine-linked methylation can lead to neurite
      extension in neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 6811327
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a type II casein kinase ('casein kinase-TS')
      from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 6811328
TI  - Production by plasma membranes of a chemical mediator of insulin action.
AB  - Purified rat adipocyte plasma membranes incubated with insulin produce a soluble
      chemical mediator that stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase when added to isolated
      mitochondria, or glycogen synthase when added to cell homogenates. The mediator
      appears to be a peptide and has been characterized by conventional
      chromatographic methods including gel filtration, ion exchange, and
      hydroxylapatite chromatography. These studies reveal that an insulin-dependent
      bioactive component, which is small and negatively charged at pH 7.4, can be
      eluted from Dowex 1 x 4 by 0.3-0.4 N NaCl or from hydroxylapatite by 0.05-0.15 M
      potassium phosphate. The mediator has also been partially purified by high
      pressure liquid chromatography. A molecular sieving matrix produces a peak of
      insulin-dependent bioactivity that corresponds to a peak of absorbance at 210 nm
      (apparent Mr of 2000) and is increased by insulin. Reversed-phase high-pressure
      liquid chromatography indicates that the insulin-dependent bioactivity is of a
      hydrophilic nature. Previous studies showed that release of mediator from plasma
      membranes in response to insulin was blocked by inhibitors of serine proteases
      and esters of arginine. In addition, bioactivity of the insulin-treated plasma
      membrane supernatant could be destroyed by protease treatment. In the present
      experiments, pretreatment of intact adipocytes with serine protease inhibitors
      blocked the action of subsequently added insulin on several intracellular enzyme
      systems. These observations have been summarized in the following working model
      of one mode of insulin action. The binding of insulin to its receptor activates a
      membrane protease or alters an endogenous membrane substrate, resulting in the
      increased release into the cell of a small peptide fragment by proteolytic
      cleavage. The released peptide is proposed to modulate several cellular enzymes
      such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase by interacting with
      phosphoprotein phosphatase or protein kinase activities, or both.

PMID- 6811329
TI  - Trans fatty acid effects in experimental atherosclerosis.
AB  - Trans unsaturated fatty acids are formed during hydrogenation of edible oils and
      their consumption in the United States has increased with increasing utilization
      of margarines. The effect of elaidic acid and trielaidin on atherosclerosis in
      cholesterol-fed rabbits were studied many years ago by Weigensberg and McMillan,
      who found these fatty acids to be significantly more hypercholesterolemic but not
      more atherogenic. Jackson et al. have found that trans fatty acids are not
      inordinately atherogenic in swine. We have fed rabbits semipurified, cholesterol
      free diets containing either 3.2 or 6.0% of trans fatty acid. The diets were
      slightly hyperlipidemic but no more atherogenic than the control diet. We
      measured the activities of five hepatic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fatty
      acid synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and
      monoamine oxidase [EC 1.4.3.4]). The diets affected only the activity of
      monoamine oxidase, which was lower in the livers of rabbits fed 6.0% trans fatty
      acid. Vervet monkeys were fed the same diets either for 1 year or for 6 months
      and then returned to the control diet for 6 months. The dietary manipulations had
      no effect on serum or lipid levels or aortic sudanophilia. Trans fatty acid
      levels of the serum reflected dietary concentration. Six months after cessation
      of feeding of the trans fat the levels of trans fatty acids in serum were
      virtually normal. Trans fatty acids appear to exert a hypercholesterolemic effect
      but do not influence aortic atherosclerosis in rabbits or aortic sudanophilia in
      vervet monkeys.

PMID- 6811330
TI  - Influence of environmental temperature on protein and amino acid needs of
      poultry.
AB  - Poultry production generally declines during adverse hot weather conditions.
      Dietary adjustments are often made to attempt to overcome the reduced
      performance, with an increase in dietary protein or amino acids being common. A
      review of the literature regarding the influence of environmental temperature on
      the amino acid needs of the chicken does not support an increase in the amino
      acid needs at temperature in excess of 32 C. Studies with broilers, growing
      pullets, and laying hens are in agreement that increased amino acid levels cannot
      effectively compensate for the reduced feed intake frequently observed at the
      higher envirnomental temperatures. Excessive dietary amino acid levels contribute
      to inhibition of feed intake and reduction in growth rate. Studies with practical
      type diets have indicated that the performance of broiler chicks under conditions
      of high environmental temperatures may be improved through minimizing the excess
      levels of amino acids in the diet. This may be accomplished by means of blending
      protein sources combined with supplementation with commercially synthesized amino
      acids.

PMID- 6811331
TI  - The dominant ovarian follicle.

PMID- 6811332
TI  - Prevention of the postcoital luteinizing hormone surge by ultrashortloop feedback
      control.
AB  - Studies were designed to determine whether the ultrashortloop feedback (USLF)
      system could prevent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation and
      postcoital rise of luteinizing hormone (LH). Unanesthetized castrated female
      rabbits bearing chronically-implanted venous catheters were subjected to the
      following: (1) GnRH stimulation. Ten animals received intravenous (IV) bolus
      injections of 30 microgram GnRH. Two hours prior to GnRH, animals received either
      2000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or saline. A second group of ten
      animals received 20 microgram GnRH. One hour prior to GnRH, an infusion of human
      luteinizing hormone (hLH) at 2.75 IU/min or of saline was started and continued
      over 4 hours. (2) Coital stimulation. Ten rabbits were studied with the use of
      natural coital stimulus. They received either 2000 IU hCG 2 hours before mating
      or saline as a control group. Both hLH infusion and hCG injection inhibited GnRH
      stimulation of LH secretion but did not modify the follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) response. hCG inhibited the coitus-induced LH surge and did not modify
      coitus-induced FSH secretion. These studies demonstrate that USLF control of LH
      can modulate LH secretion under both pharmacologic and physiologic conditions.

PMID- 6811333
TI  - Ovulation suppression in women following vaginal administration of oral
      contraceptive tablets.

PMID- 6811334
TI  - Sertoli cell only syndrome 1982.

PMID- 6811335
TI  - hMG/postcoital testing.

PMID- 6811336
TI  - Effect of body weight reduction on plasma androgens in obese, infertile women.
AB  - Although a variety of disorders are associated with polycystic ovarian disease
      (PCOD), obesity, hirsutism, and menstrual dysfunction are the most frequent
      manifestations. We investigated the possibility that obesity per se may give rise
      to androgen excess through alterations in estrogen metabolism and, consequently,
      through alterations in gonadotropin secretion. Eighteen obese, infertile women
      with PCOD were compared with 20 control women. Plasma androstenedione (A) was 252
      +/- 18 ng/dl (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) in the obese women
      compared with 173 +/- 9 ng/dl in the controls (P less than 0.001); plasma
      testosterone (T) was 66 +/- 5.7 ng/dl, compared with 41 +/- 3 ng/dl (P less than
      0.001). Thirteen of the obese women lost greater than 15% of their body weight by
      dietary restriction; ten of these women (77%) conceived spontaneously. In seven
      of the ten women who conceived, we remeasured plasma androgens following weight
      reduction but prior to conception. A decreased from 295 +/- 19 ng/dl to 179 +/- 5
      ng/dl; T decreased from 75 +/- 8 ng/dl to 39 +/- 5 ng/dl (P less than 0.001). We
      conclude that obesity may play a role in the genesis of PCOD.

PMID- 6811337
TI  - Partial hypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia: successful induction of ovulation
      with bromocriptine and human menopausal gonadotropins.
AB  - The case of a patient who developed partial hypopituitarism (hypogonadotropism
      and growth hormone deficiency) following transphenoidal removal of a prolactinoma
      is described. Hypogonadotropism persisted despite restoration of
      normoprolactinemia with bromocriptine therapy. Successful induction of ovulation
      with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and bromocriptine suppression of the
      hyperprolactinemia was carried out, resulting in a pregnancy. The pros and cons
      of operative and nonoperative management of hyperprolactinemia are discussed.

PMID- 6811338
TI  - Prolactin hyperstimulation in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in
      patients with endometriosis.
AB  - In order to clarify the role of hyperprolactinemia as a possible cause of
      infertility in patients with endometriosis, baseline serum prolactin (PRL)
      concentrations and the PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      stimulation were measured in 14 infertile women with endometriosis and in 13
      normal, fertile women. Baseline PRL concentrations were 2-fold greater in the
      endometriosis group than in normal subjects, but the mean values did not differ
      significantly. Following TRH administration, a significant increase in peak PRL
      concentrations was observed in patients with endometriosis (211.5 +/- 34.9 ng/ml)
      when compared with corresponding values in control subjects (117.1 +/- 14.9
      ng/ml, P less than 0.05). This hypersecretory state was selective for PRL because
      no significant differences between the baseline and TRH-stimulated thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations or total serum thyroxine concentrations
      were observed. In summary, some infertile women with endometriosis exhibit a
      greater capacity for PRL secretion than normal women. These results suggest that
      relative hyperprolactinemia may be responsible for the infertility associated
      with endometriosis, and that PRL suppression may be indicated in these patients.

PMID- 6811339
TI  - Paradoxical pituitary hormone responses in a case of primary hypothyroidism and
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman is described with irregular menstruation, anovulation, and
      infertility due to primary hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Her
      baseline gonadotropins and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were increased.
      Microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies were present. Stimulation of pituitary
      hormone release with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) resulted in appropriate
      responses of TSH and prolactin (PRL) as well as a substantial rise in the level
      of luteinizing hormone (LH). Luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) markedly
      inhibited LH release. Bromoergocryptine led to inhibition of TSH and PRL. These
      results suggest that specific and nonspecific responses of pituitary
      glycoproteins to provocative stimuli reflect a profound disturbance of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis in this case of hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6811340
TI  - An examination of blood steroid and gonadotropin concentrations in relation to
      fertility status and testicular function in men.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) have been
      measured in men complaining of infertility in comparison with men of proven
      fertility. Subgrouping of patients was achieved on the basis of the presence or
      absence of sperm in the ejaculate and further by the concentration of sperm or by
      testicular score. The levels of plasma LH, FSH, PRL, and T were found to be
      significantly different in the fertile men, compared with both infertile men with
      sperm in their ejaculates and azoospermic men. There were no significant
      differences between the groups for E2. There appeared to be an inverse
      relationship between LH concentrations and sperm count in both fertile and
      infertile men. FSH levels did not vary significantly in the fertile men in
      relation to sperm count grouping but were significantly less than those found for
      the infertile men with sperm. Azoospermic patients with high testicular scores
      had FSH levels indistinguishable from those of the fertile men. The results are
      discussed in terms of testicular abnormalities and on the interrelationship
      between the hormones examined.

PMID- 6811341
TI  - Ability of implants of polymer-entrapped antiprogesterone antiserum to absorb and
      deplete progesterone from serum of the pregnant rat.
AB  - A highly specific antiprogesterone antiserum (APA) produced by immunization of
      sheep with an 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone hemisuccinate-thyroglobulin conjugate
      was purified, and the IgG fraction was entrapped within a polysiloxane matrix.
      The matrix immobilized APA but allowed penetration and binding of progesterone
      (P) to the APA. In this entrapped form APA implanted intraperitoneally in rats on
      the tenth day of pregnancy resulted in a decline in serum P from 50 to 12 ng/ml
      within 12 hours and to less than 2 ng/ml within 36 hours. Free serum P measured
      by equilibrium dialysis fell to less than 0.2 ng/ml at 36 hours. Concomitant with
      the decline in serum P was a rise in both serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and eventual fetal resorption.

PMID- 6811342
TI  - Removable prosthodontics: literature review (1976-1980).

PMID- 6811343
TI  - [The development of self-adaptive control algorithm for blood glucose
      concentration for an artificial beta cell--adaptive blood glucose control in
      diabetic ketosis and ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6811344
TI  - [Effect of CB-154 on the positive feedback mechanism of estrogens in amenorrhea].

PMID- 6811345
TI  - Cyclopia with trisomy D.

PMID- 6811346
TI  - beta-Fucosidase, beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activities associated in
      bovine liver.
AB  - 1. beta-D-Fucosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase activities from
      bovine liver are associated in a single peak in isoelectric focusing. The
      isoelectric point is 4.35 for all these activities, suggesting that they are
      catalyzed by the same enzyme. 2. This enzyme shows the optimal pH in the range
      4.5-6.5 for all the above mentioned activities. 3. The Km and Vmax are 0.26 mM
      and 31 mU mg-1, 0.10 mM and 24 mU mg-1, and 0.30 mM and 20 mM mg-1 for the p
      nitrophenyl-fucoside, -glucoside and -galactoside, respectively. The glucoside
      derivative is the best substrate, with a Vmax/Km value of 0.24 ml . mg-1 . min-1.
      4. The Lineweaver-Burk profiles are convex upward in most cases, suggesting a
      substrate-activation model, and the presence of more than one binding site in the
      enzyme. 5. The Ki for all the activities were determined with D-fucose, glucose
      and galactose as inhibitors. D-Fucose is the strongest inhibitor. The inhibition
      is competitive in all cases.

PMID- 6811347
TI  - A comparison of Bracen and penicillin V in the treatment of acute respiratory
      tract infections in children.

PMID- 6811349
TI  - Identification of vitelline membrane proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6811348
TI  - An electrophysiological study of cultured human pituitary cells.
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of tumoral pituitary cells were studied in 4
      types of human adenomas including prolactinomas, growth-hormone-secreting tumors,
      adrenocorticotropin-hormone-secreting adenoma and 'non-functioning' tumors. Only
      9% of the cells from prolactinomas and ACTH tumors were excitable but they never
      elicited spontaneous action potentials. These cells did not respond to substances
      known to act on the hormone-releasing process (thyreoliberin, dopamine). However,
      37% of the cells cultured from growth-hormone-secreting adenomas and from 'non
      functioning' tumors displayed action potentials. The action potential was calcium
      dependent, i.e., it was blocked by cobalt, nickel and methoxyverapamil and could
      be recorded in a sodium-free medium. Thyreoliberin triggered action potentials,
      whereas dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibited electrical activity. These
      results show that human tumoral pituitary cells in culture are able to generate
      Ca2+-dependent action potentials. The data from growth-hormone-secreting tumors
      are in good agreement with the stimulus-secretion coupling concept; however,
      differences in the response of cells cultured from other types of human pituitary
      tumors suggest that each type of adenoma has specialized membrane properties.

PMID- 6811351
TI  - Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression during mouse adipocyte
      development in vivo.

PMID- 6811350
TI  - Cell surface binding sites for peanut agglutinin in the differentiating eye disc
      of Drosophila.

PMID- 6811352
TI  - Transdifferentiation and regeneration in vitro.

PMID- 6811353
TI  - Fertilization acid of sea urchin eggs: evidence that it is H+, not CO2.

PMID- 6811354
TI  - Psychosocial outcome and CT findings after gross undernourishment during infancy:
      a 20-year developmental study.
AB  - This prospective 20-year follow-up study contrasts the development of a group of
      20 children grossly undernourished during infancy (index group) with that of a
      matched control group. There were significant differences between two groups in
      head circumference, height, weight, full-scale IQ, verbal quotient, non-verbal
      quotient and in visuo-motor perceptual function. Despite their disadvantages, the
      index group have integrated effectively into the community, and their children
      have not experienced the nutritional deprivation they suffered during their own
      childhoods.

PMID- 6811355
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide investigated by a high performance
      liquid chromatographic assay.
AB  - A simple high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of
      plasma glibenclamide concentrations is described. This resolved glibenclamide
      from normal plasma constituents. The calibration curve of the assay was linear
      over the range 10-500 microgram/l and the minimum level of detection was 2
      microgram/l. Within-assay coefficients of variation were 11.6% (20 microgram/l);
      5.3% (50 microgram/l); 6.8% (100 microgram/l); between-assay coefficients of
      variation were 8.4% (20 microgram/l); 4.7% (50 microgram/l) and 7.4% (100
      microgram/l). The assay was used to study the pharmacokinetics of a 1 mg
      intravenous dose of glibenclamide in eight normal subjects. The mean half-life
      was found to be 1.47 +/- 0.42 h (SD) and no evidence for a non-linear beta-phase
      or slowly equilibrating 'deep' compartment was found although this could not be
      rigorously excluded. The mean systemic drug clearance was 78 +/- 29 ml X h-1 X kg
      1 and the apparent volume of distribution in the beta-phase was 155 +/- 44 ml/kg.
      The median time of maximum response of plasma immunoreactive insulin was 25 min
      and the median time of maximum blood glucose response was 53 min. No correlation
      could be found between the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and these responses
      in fasted normal individuals.

PMID- 6811356
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma arising from an epidermoid cyst in the ovary of a rat
      treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - Primary non-teratomatous ovarian squamous cell carcinomas are very rare. A case
      of rat ovarian squamous cell carcinoma has been found in which the tumor arose
      from a squamous element in the ovary. Squamous epithelial aggregates were found
      in the wall of a cyst and on serial section, the cyst was found to be
      unaccompanied by any teratomatous components and showed a thin squamous
      epithelial lining with keratinizing debris. On the basis of these findings, it
      was suggested that the squamous element was a rat ovarian epidermoid cyst from
      which a squamous cell carcinoma arose, presumably by a direct carcinogenic effect
      of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

PMID- 6811358
TI  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Hela
      cells.
AB  - N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced repair (unscheduled) DNA
      synthesis was studied in intact HeLa cells as well as in the cell lysate. The
      incorporation of dTTP[methyl-3H] in vitro by the cell lysate was dependent on the
      dose of MNNG, and as linear for 2 min, reaching the maximum at 4 min. The optimum
      conditions were the same as for UV-induced in vitro repair synthesis. The
      presence of hydroxyurea and arabinofuranosyl cytosine during in vivo incubation
      with MNNG was necessary for enhancement of in vitro DNA synthesis. This MNNG
      induced in vitro DNA synthesis was inhibited by aphidicolin, but not by 2',3'
      dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate. It thus appears that DNA polymerase alpha
      participates in MNNG-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 6811357
TI  - N-Hydroxylation enzymes of carcinogenic aminoazo dyes: possible involvement of
      cytochrome P-448.
AB  - N-Hydroxylation reactions of 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB)
      and 3'-methyl-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-Me-MAB) were studied by measuring
      the nitroxide radical generated from N-hydroxylated products of these aminoazo
      compounds. N-Hydroxylation activity was remarkably high in the microsomes from 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-treated rats, whereas phenobarbital (PB) treatment had
      a slightly enhancing effect on the N-hydroxylation of 3'-Me-DAB and a rather
      inhibitory effect on that of 3'-Me-MAB. Either NADPH or NADH was effective for
      the N-hydroxylation of 3'-Me-MAB, though the former was slightly more effective.
      For the reaction of 3'-Me-DAB the effect of NADPH and NADH was additive, but this
      was not the case for 3'-Me-MAB. Carbon monoxide, metyrapone and 2
      diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diethylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF-525-A), inhibitors of
      cytochrome P-450, had no inhibitory effect on the N-hydroxylation of 3'-Me-DAB
      and 3'-Me-MAB. On the other hand, alpha-naphthoflavone, an inhibitor of
      cytochrome P-448, considerably inhibited the N-hydroxylation of these aminoazo
      dyes. In the case of partially purified mixed function amine oxidase (MFAO), 1-(1
      naphthyl)-2-thiourea, an inhibitor of MFAO, completely inhibited the N
      hydroxylation of 3'-Me-MAB as well as the N-oxidation of dimethylaniline. On the
      other hand, in a microsomal system the inhibition of the N-hydroxylation was at
      most 40% at the concentration giving complete inhibition of the N-oxidation of
      dimethylaniline. From these results, it is concluded that, in addition to MFAO,
      cytochrome P-448 is involved in the N-hydroxylation of MAB.

PMID- 6811360
TI  - Immunogenicity and amplifier cell production by tumor vaccines enhanced by
      concanavalin A.
AB  - The induction of immune resistance to L1210 murine leukemia by 3 types of L1210
      vaccines was compared under conditions in which in vitro cell proliferation and
      transplantability to mice were completely suppressed. L1210 cells treated with
      glutaraldehyde plus concanavalin A (ConA) were more potent in inducing antitumor
      immunity than those treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase or mitomycin C
      (MMC). This and the finding that cell-bound ConA enhanced the immunogenic potency
      of MMC- or formaldehyde-treated L1210 vaccines indicate that ConA endowed the
      cells with additional potency in inducing antitumor immunity. ConA-free and ConA
      bound vaccine cells took up the same amount of anti-L1210 antibody, suggesting
      that cell-bound ConA did not increase tumor-associated antigen molecules on the
      tumor cell surface. However, adoptively transferred spleen cells of mice
      sensitized with ConA-bound, but not ConA-free, vaccine amplified the vaccine
      induced antitumor immunity in the recipients. These donor spleen cells suppressed
      the in vitro proliferation of live L1210 cells no more than non-primed spleen
      cells, nor was their amplifying activity abrogated by treatment with anti-Lyt-2.1
      antibody and rabbit sera as a source of complement. This indicated that cytotoxic
      T cells and/or their precursors were not involved in the observed amplification.
      This as well as the finding that their amplifying activity was completely
      abrogated by treatment with rabbit anti-mouse brain-associated T cell antigen
      antisera and rabbit sera as a source of complement, led us to conclude that
      amplifier T cell production, associated with vaccine-bound ConA, was responsible
      for the enhanced immunogenic potency of ConA-bound vaccines.

PMID- 6811359
TI  - Increased level of ribonucleotide reductase and associated resistance to
      aphidicolin in mouse FM3A cell mutants selected for simultaneous resistance to 9
      beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - Mutants simultaneously resistant to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine were isolated by single-step selection from mutagenized
      mouse FM3A cells with a frequency of about 10(-5). Most of the mutants showed
      cross-resistance to aphidicolin and excess thymidine. In some of these mutants,
      the level of ribonucleotide reductase was 2 approximately 5 times that of the
      parent with concomitantly greater resistance to hydroxyurea than that of the
      parent, and their reductase showed normal sensitivity in vitro to the allosteric
      negative effector dATP. Consequently, the intracellular pools of dATP and dCTP
      were expanded in the mutants. These mutants thus differ from the aphidicolin
      resistant mutants isolated previously, which have an altered reductase
      desensitized to dATP with a concomitant increase in the dATP pool. Therefore,
      either increase in the level of ribonucleotide reductase or its structural change
      leading to desensitization to dATP seems to confer resistance to the nucleoside
      analogs and to aphidicolin.

PMID- 6811361
TI  - Effects of selected compounds on the McCall rat colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Forty-seven substances were tested for antitumor activity against the McCall rat
      colon adenocarcinoma. The most effective compounds were mitomycin C, 1,1', 1"
      phosphinothiolylidynetrisaziridine and adriamycin. Others less active were
      azaserine, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(1-methylethyl)-imidodicarbonimidic diamide and
      3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidinyl)-2,5-piperazinedione. A number of standard
      anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil, arabinosylcytosine, methotrexate, bleomycin,
      daunomycin, 6-mercaptopurine, cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II), cyclophosphamide
      and actinomycin D, were not effective under the test conditions and evaluation
      procedure used. Lentinan, though causing no initial inhibition of growth, did
      cause some regression. Significant synergism in terms of regression was seen in
      combination therapy with mitomycin C and azaserine.

PMID- 6811362
TI  - The effect of ovariectomy on excretion of urinary steroids and tumor growth in
      rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary cancer.
AB  - The relation between the excretion of urinary steroids and the therapeutic effect
      of ovariectomy on tumors was investigated in female Sprague-Dawley rats bearing
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary cancer. Ovariectomy significantly
      reduced the excretion of urinary androgen, 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid (11-DOOS), but
      hardly affected that of urinary corticosteroid, 17-deoxy-corticosteroid (17
      DOCS). The responsiveness of tumors to ovariectomy was positively correlated with
      both pre-operative 11-DOOS and pre-operative ratio of 11-DOOS to 17-DOCS, and
      negatively correlated with pre-operative 17-DOCS. The extent of tumor regression
      after ovariectomy was associated with the decrease of urinary androgen. A similar
      correlation was observed between the decrease in the ratio 11-DOOS/17-DOCS and
      tumor suppression during cyclophosphamide treatment (medical ovariectomy). These
      results indicated that the tumor response to ovariectomy was related to a shift
      of the endogenous hormone balance from a relative dominance of androgen to
      relative dominance of corticosteroid. The significance of the hormonal findings
      is discussed in the light of the steroid metabolism in human breast cancer.

PMID- 6811363
TI  - Changes in activities of uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferases during
      chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Changes in the activities of hepatic uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferases
      (UDP-GTs) were investigated during the induction of hyperplastic nodules (enzyme
      altered foci) by a system consisting of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by N-2
      fluoroenylacetamide (FAA) and including partial hepatectomy. The activity of the
      late fetal form of UDP-GT, which was assayed towards o-aminophenol (o-GT
      activity), was induced rapidly by a single ip injection of DEN (200 mg/kg) or 3
      methylcholanthrene (40 mg/kg) or by the continuous administration of FAA (0.02%
      in diet) alone. This activity further increased with the appearance of the
      nodules, while the activity of the neonatal form, which was assayed toward
      phenolphthalein (p-GT activity) and was inducible by phenobarbital, increased
      only slightly. The increased o-GT activity showed a good correlation with the
      increased number or area of enzyme-altered foci detected by gamma
      glutamyltransferase activity staining, but the p-GT activity did not, though it
      was significantly increased. In hyperplastic nodules and well differentiated
      hepatomas induced by DEN (0.1% in drinking water, 3 weeks) but isolated long
      after cessation of DEN, o-GT activity was markedly increased, but p-GT activity
      was decreased or remained at the level of normal rat liver. These data indicate
      that the increased o-GT activity may be one of the enzyme markers for
      preneoplastic hepatic cells. An antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
      (0.75% in diet), markedly elevated the hepatic o-GT activity rapidly after being
      administered with FAA in the above system, and the induction of the nodules was
      inhibited.

PMID- 6811364
TI  - Antimutagenic effect of isocyanates and related compounds in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Isocyanates and isothiocyanates have been suggested to inactivate enzymes
      involved in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and the repair of
      DNA damage. These compounds decrease the mutability of a tester strain of
      Escherichia coli B under UV irradiation. This paper deals with the
      antimutagenicity of acylating agents, including isocyanates and isothiocyanates,
      and some anti-oxidants which are suspected to be anticarcinogenic. The results
      can be summarized as follows. (1) The antimutagenic effect observed in the
      present study operates on UV-induced mutagenesis but not on X-ray-induced
      mutagenesis. (2) This effect operates only on the wild-type strain, H/r30R, but
      not on Hs30R deficient in the excision repair system. (3) This effect may
      function through giving the irradiated cells a greater chance to carry out
      excision repair by prolonging the lag-period before entry into the S-phase. (4)
      The carbamoylating ability of isocyanates and isothiocyanates may be responsible
      for the antimutagenicity, but other type of reactivities may also be involved.
      These antimutagens also participate in inactivating enzymes relevant to the
      metabolic activation of mutagens, resulting in a decrease in the frequency of
      chemically induced mutagenesis.

PMID- 6811365
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases].

PMID- 6811366
TI  - Participation of the cholestatic factor in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic
      cholestasis, found in various liver diseases.
AB  - The possible involvement of lymphokine, cholestatic factor, in the pathogenesis
      of intrahepatic cholestasis was investigated in nine patients with different
      types of liver diseases; two cases with acute viral hepatitis (nonA and nonB
      type), five patients with alcoholic hepatitis and two cases with liver cirrhosis.
      All patients showed the typical clinical features of intrahepatic cholestasis.
      The production of the cholestatic factor from the sensitized lymphocytes was
      demonstrated by antigenic stimulation in vitro and the existence of the factor
      was detected in seven out of nine patients in patients' own serum. These results
      strongly suggest that the cholestatic factor may be partially involved in the
      induction of intrahepatic cholestasis in various types of liver disease.

PMID- 6811367
TI  - Salicylic acid blocks indomethacin- and aspirin-induced cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibition in rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - Salicylic acid reduces gastric mucosal lesions induced by aspirin and
      indomethacin. Aspirin and indomethacin reduce gastric mucosal cyclo-oxygenase
      activity. These studies were designed to determine whether or not salicylic acid
      interacts with gastric mucosal cyclo-oxygenase, decreasing the inhibitory effect
      of aspirin and indomethacin as has been observed in platelets and vascular
      tissue. The interaction between salicylic acid and two cyclo-oxygenase
      inhibitors, indomethacin and aspirin, was assessed on ex vivo prostaglandin
      generation in the rat gastric mucosa. Salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) was administered
      orally 30 min before the subcutaneous injection of either indomethacin (0.5-10
      mg/kg) or aspirin (5.0-20 mg/kg). Pretreatment produced a shift of the mean 50%
      inhibitory dose for PGF2 alpha formation from 0.92 to 7.6 mg/kg for indomethacin
      and from 7.8 to 20 mg/kg for aspirin. Similar results were achieved with ex vivo
      prostacyclin synthesis as measured by the level of 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha. These data
      are consistent with competitive enzyme kinetics, and may, in part, explain the
      protective effect of salicylic acid against the ulcerogenicity of aspirin and
      indomethacin on the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6811368
TI  - Serum pepsinogen assays.

PMID- 6811369
TI  - [Plasma progesterone and follicular size as indicators of follicular maturity--a
      comparative study of ovulatory cycles with the ultrasonic observation of
      unifollicular development].

PMID- 6811370
TI  - Comparative aspects of brain TRH inactivation in different vertebrate species.

PMID- 6811371
TI  - Polytenization of the ribosomal genes on the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - It has previously been shown (Endow and Glover 1979), that polytenization of the
      ribosomal genes in D. melanogaster Ore-R X/Y cells and in hybrid X/X cells (Endow
      1980) involves replication of genes predominantly from one of the cell's two
      nucleolus organizers. This analysis takes advantage of strain-specific
      differences in X and Y chromosome rDNA hybridization patterns detected using the
      Southern blotting technique. In this report, I extend the previous observations
      by examining polytene rDNA patterns in wild-type and hybrid X/Y cells. A
      dominance hierarchy for the X and Y chromosomes from three strains of D.
      melanogaster is presented and possible mechanisms of replicative dominance are
      discussed.

PMID- 6811373
TI  - [Expression of the genome of Mu-like phage D3112 specific for Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida cells].
AB  - The behavior of Escherichia coli cells carrying RP4 plasmid which contains the
      genome of a Mu-like D3112 phage specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied.
      Two different types of D3112 genome expression were revealed in E. coli. The
      first is BP4-dependent expression. In this case, expression of certain D3112
      genes designated as "kil" only takes place when RP4 is present. As a result, cell
      division stops at 30 degrees C and cells form filaments. Cell division is not
      blocked at 42 degrees C. The second type of D3112 genome expression is RP4
      independent. A small number of phage is produced independently of RP4 plasmid but
      this does not take place at 42 degrees C. No detectable quantity of the
      functionally active repressor of the phage was determined in E. coli (D3112). It
      is possible that the only cause for cell stability of E. coli (D3112) or E. coli
      (RP4::D3112) at 42 degrees C in the absence of the repressor is the fact of an
      extremely poor expression of D3112. In another heterologous system, P. putida
      both ways of phage development (lytic and lysogenic) are observed. This special
      state of D3112 genome in E. coli cells is proposed to be named "conditionally
      expressible prophage" or, in short, "conex-phage", to distinguish it from a
      classical lysogenic state when stability is determined by repressor activity.
      Specific blockade of cell division, due to D3112 expression, was also found in P.
      putida cells. It is evident that the kil function of D3112 is not specific to
      recognize the difference between division machinery of bacteria belonging to
      distinct species or genera. Protein synthesis is needed to stop cell division and
      during a short time period this process could be reversible. Isolation of E. coli
      (D3112) which lost RP4 plasmid may be regarded as an evidence for D3112
      transposition in E. coli. Some possibilities for using the system to look for E.
      coli mutants with modified expression of foreign genes are considered.

PMID- 6811372
TI  - Genetically controlled variation of "acid" beta-galactosidase detected in Rattus
      norvegicus by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Two genetically variant forms of rat "acid" beta-galactosidase were found to
      differ in isoelectric point and pH dependence, but not in thermostability or
      sensitivity to inhibition by p-mercuribenzoate (PMB). The results of two
      backcrosses and an intercross indicated that the isoelectric focusing phenotypes
      are controlled by two codominant alleles at a single autosomal locus, for which
      we propose the name Glb-1. No significant linkage between Glb-1 and albino (LG
      I), brown (LG II), or hooded (LG VI) was observed. Strain-specific differences in
      total levels of kidney beta-galactosidase were detected, but it is not yet known
      whether the variation is controlled by genes linked to Glb-1. Experiments in
      which organ homogenates were incubated with neuraminidase indicated that the
      genetically variant forms do not result from differences in sialylation, though
      sialylation does appear to be largely responsible for the presence of multiple
      bands within each phenotype and for differences in the banding patterns of beta
      galactosidases derived from different organs. The beta-galactosidase present in
      the bands used for Glb-1 typing resembles human GM1 gangliosidase (GLB1) with
      respect to pH optimum, substrate specificity, and susceptibility to inhibition by
      PMB. It also appears that Glb-1 is homologous with the Bgl-e locus of the mouse.
      In rats as in mice the genetically variant bands of beta-galactosidase are active
      at acid pH and have relatively high isoelectric points. In both species these
      bands are readily detectable in kidney homogenates, and can be revealed in
      homogenates of liver or spleen following treatment with neuraminidase. The
      presence of the same beta-galactosidase bands in homogenates of rat kidney and
      small intestine as well as in neuraminidase-treated homogenates of liver and
      spleen suggests that the Glb-1 variants differ by one or more point mutations in
      the structural gene for "acid" beta-galactosidase.

PMID- 6811374
TI  - [Nonspecific resistance of the body and predisposition to acute leukemia in
      children].
AB  - An analysis of 422 Moscow hospital records of children suffering from acute
      leukemia during the period from 1959 and continuing through to 1979 showed that
      the proportion of those with morphologically "average" weight and body length
      values at birth, was significantly lower in the group with leukemia, than in the
      control group of healthy children. Genetic structure of leukemic and healthy
      children was found to be significantly different by phenotypic combinations of 2
      loci (ABO and Rhesus). The distribution of children for their age at the
      beginning of the disease was studied. The results revealed that children with the
      low weight and body length values at birth, as well as those having ARh+ and BRh+
      blood groups, develop leukemia earlier than those with "average" characteristics
      and blood groups other than ARh+ and BRh+. The anamnesis of children which
      developed leukemia demonstrated a higher infectious-inflammatory disease
      frequency, as compared with the control group. By comparison of some parental
      characteristics of two groups of children, it was found that parents of children
      which became ill, were on the average older at the moment of baby's birth than
      parents of healthy children. Babies of 2nd, 3rd and subsequent deliveries were
      registered more frequently in the group with leukemia than in that of healthy
      children. Evidence presented confirms the efficiency of the population-genetic
      approach to the problem of nonspecific resistance of human organism to diseases.

PMID- 6811375
TI  - [Genetic structure of the native populations of the northeastern USSR. I.
      Distribution of phenotype and gene frequencies in subpopulations of the coast
      Chukchi].
AB  - An analysis of the genotypic structure of three subpopulations of coast
      chuckchies for 11 polymorphic loci is presented. 1245 individuals were surveyed
      in total. It is shown that, in spite of variability of phenotypes and gene
      frequencies in subpopulations, the genotypic structure maintains specific
      features. In the total sample of coast, a deviation from equilibrium was found
      for GPT and Gc loci. It is noted that this disequilibrium is maintained for GPT
      locus in some subpopulations. Such a deviation is probably due to the influence
      of some systematic factor.

PMID- 6811376
TI  - Gonadotropin therapy of female infertility. Analysis of results in 416 cases.
AB  - This report is based on 416 infertile female patients who were treated for 1,033
      cycles with gonadotropins. 28.6% of the patients conceived after hMG/hCG
      treatment in 79.8% of these pregnancies, healthy children were born. Spontaneous
      abortion or premature birth occurred in 20.2% of the cases. The twin rate was
      28.6%, the triplet rate 5.5%. Most of the abortions occurred in the first
      trimester (52.2%). No malformations were seen. The pregnancy rate showed striking
      differences in the various diagnostic groups: hypogonadotropic amenorrhea 44.4%,
      normogonadotropic amenorrhea 50%, anovulatory cycles 22%, corpus luteum
      insufficiency 14.8%. The abortion rates for these four groups were as follows:
      hypogonadotropic amenorrhea 25%, normogonadotropic amenorrhea 14.7%, anovulatory
      cycles 4.8%, corpus luteum insufficiency 36.3%. A detailed analysis of the
      treatment cycles is given for the four groups: the number of ampoules of hMG/hCG
      increased from 21.4 ampoules in patients with corpus luteum insufficiency to 47.7
      ampoules in patients with hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. The inactive phase
      increased from 5.6 days in patients with corpus luteum insufficiency to 8.5 days
      in patients with hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. Estrogen values around the time of
      ovulation and in the corpus luteum phase were much lower in patients with
      spontaneous uterine bleedings. Hyperstimulation syndrome occurred less frequently
      in these patients. The percentage of pregnancies decreased in patients with
      corpus luteum insufficiency from 8.1% in the first treatment cycle to 4.8% in the
      following treatment cycles, whereas it increased from the first to the following
      cycles in the other diagnostic groups. Patients with anovulatory cycles and
      corpus luteum insufficiency respond differently to hMG/hCG treatment than
      patients with normogonadotropic amenorrhea. The inactive and active phase are
      important parameters for the evaluation of ovulation induction with hMG/hCG,
      hMG/hCG treatment is of little value in patients with corpus luteum
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6811377
TI  - The clinical significance of rheometric measurement of cervical mucus properties.
AB  - Rheometric properties of cervical mucus were studied with the Ovutimer in 26
      women. 14 women had regular menstrual cycles, 12 had menstrual irregularities and
      received treatment to induce ovulation. In 21 women (80.7%) a significant
      correlation was found between the ovulation time as established by the
      luteinizing hormone surge, and ovulation time as established by the Ovutimer
      test. The instrument was found satisfactorily accurate in establishing the day of
      ovulation in almost all cases.

PMID- 6811378
TI  - Endometrial ossification: unilateral manifestation in a septate uterus.

PMID- 6811380
TI  - The treatment of childhood leukaemia in Hungary. On behalf of the Hungarian
      Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia.
AB  - Children suffering from leukaemia in Hungary are treated according to uniform
      therapeutic protocols in the framework of a national multi-centre study. Their
      most important clinical data are stored in the central registry and are analyzed
      by computerized methods. Since January, 1971, 846 new patients were entered in
      the registry. Initially treatment results were very poor but showed gradual
      improvement during the past few years, somewhat parallel to more intensive
      chemotherapy. The latest treatment protocol includes medium-dose MTX and the
      combination of ARA-C and VM-26. Preliminary data are encouraging.

PMID- 6811379
TI  - Ovarian function during treatment with high ratio levonorgestrel/ethinyl
      estradiol as oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6811381
TI  - Adherence to human monocytes of red cells from autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and
      red cells sensitized with alloantibodies.
AB  - Red cells sensitized with autoantibodies are able to adhere in vitro to
      autologous monocytes and monocytes from healthy individuals. A direct
      relationship between the degree of sensitization and the percentage of rosettes
      was not observed, while such a correlation was found if red cells sensitized with
      anti-Rh alloantibodies were used. Sometimes the adherence of red cell from AIHA
      was observed although the sensitization was weaker than that of the control
      erythrocytes sensitized with anti-CD serum which did adhere to monocytes. In
      patients with AIHA some relation was found between the adherence assay,
      haemolysis in vivo and treatment with prednisone.

PMID- 6811383
TI  - Operation of the Ca-dependent K(Rb)-transport in human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6811382
TI  - The enzymatic status of circulating lymphocytes as an index of the regenerative
      process in the lungs under stimulation with pyrimidine and purine derivatives. A
      clinical experimental study.
AB  - Enzyme activities in the circulating lymphocytes permit to judge the character of
      the regenerative process in the lung, and the severity of the patient's
      condition; it helps in estimating the prognosis and in evaluating the efficacy of
      the applied therapy. Potassium orotate and Riboxin intensify the regenerative
      process in the lung undergoing a compensatory-hypertrophic rearrangement, and
      enhance the functional activity of circulating lymphocytes as participants of the
      regenerative process and stimulate the oxidation-reduction processes in
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6811384
TI  - [Prolonged total parenteral nutrition with the Broviac catheter].

PMID- 6811386
TI  - [Urethral diverticulum in females].

PMID- 6811385
TI  - [Remedies for the crisis in medicine].

PMID- 6811387
TI  - [Rh isoimmunization: facts and consideration].

PMID- 6811389
TI  - Triceps surae muscle in Prosimiae.

PMID- 6811388
TI  - [Non A non B hepatitis--what is it then?].

PMID- 6811390
TI  - [Studies on tubercle bacilli and their contaminant bacteria in the sputum of
      pulmonary tuberculosis after chemotherapy ].
AB  - Growth activity and morphological changes of tubercle bacilli under prolonged
      chemotherapy were examined in the sputa of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
      Special attention was paid to the growth activity and pathogenicity of smear
      positive and culture-negative bacilli. In addition, the incidence of tubercle
      bacilli and contaminant bacteria in the sputa was also followed during the
      prolonged chemotherapy. 1) One case out of about 70 patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis showed persistent smear-positive and culture-negative bacilli in the
      sputa over a period of 15 month. The bacilli were successfully cultured on the
      Kirchner medium fortified with calf sera. The harvested bacilli were injected
      into guinea pig for their pathogenicity. However, no macroscopic changes were
      observed with the tuberculin test remaining negative. 2) Tubercle bacilli
      disappeared from the sputa of most patients who had received chemotherapy over a
      period ranging from several weeks to month. Contaminant bacteria were usually
      recovered from sputa containing less tubercle bacilli. In sputa rich in tubercle
      bacilli contaminant bacteria were sparse, but as the tubercle bacilli decreased
      by chemotherapy, so increased reciprocally the bacteria which were shown to be
      resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs used.

PMID- 6811391
TI  - Control of gonadotropin secretion in man: role of opioid peptides.

PMID- 6811392
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.

PMID- 6811393
TI  - Histologic observations in human hepatitis non-A, non-B.

PMID- 6811394
TI  - Valproate-induced hepatic injury: analyses of 23 fatal cases.
AB  - Analyses of 23 fatal instances of hepatic injury in patients taking valproic acid
      reveals that all but three were less than 20 years old, and all but four had been
      taking the drugs for more than 1 month. Convulsions, facial edema, lassitude, and
      vomiting were prominent clinical features. Hypoglycemia was recorded in six
      patients. Rash and eosinophilia were not seen. Values for transaminases were
      modestly elevated in most patients. Most levels of SGOT were below 500 IU, and
      SGPT levels were below 200 IU. Livers showed microvesicular steatosis in most
      patients, usually accompanies by necrosis. Four patients had cirrhosis. Overt
      valproic acid-induced hepatic injury appears to be rare and hence, by definition,
      idiosyncratic. That it may be an idiosyncratic exaggeration of a much more
      frequent phenomenon is suggested by the higher incidence of seemingly trivial
      injury. The idiosyncrasy appears to be metabolic rather than immunologic, and the
      available information leads to the plausible hypothesis that a metabolite is
      responsible for the microvesicular steatosis seen in most fatal cases. The
      steatosis resembles that of Reye's syndrome and Jamaican vomiting sickness, and
      there is reason to believe that the metabolite responsible for the steatosis
      resembles the agent responsible for Jamaican vomiting sickness. A different
      metabolite is presumably responsible for the necrosis seen in many of the cases.

PMID- 6811395
TI  - Sodium valproate in the induction of unusual hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 6811396
TI  - The case of the woman with bilateral polycystic kidneys.

PMID- 6811397
TI  - The kidney in health and disease. XXVIII. Dialytic therapy: principles and
      clinical guidelines.

PMID- 6811398
TI  - Measles and rubella in adolescents and young adults.

PMID- 6811399
TI  - Renal complications of open heart surgery.

PMID- 6811400
TI  - Gastroenteritis, systolic murmur in an adolescent.

PMID- 6811401
TI  - Shingles, dyspnea, and wild irrational behavior.

PMID- 6811402
TI  - A blunted growth curve in an adolescent girl.

PMID- 6811403
TI  - A community of cells.

PMID- 6811405
TI  - Tell it to the judge.

PMID- 6811404
TI  - Avery: making sense of a 'stupid tetranucleotide'.

PMID- 6811406
TI  - Progressive vision loss and bilateral optic atrophy in two patients.

PMID- 6811407
TI  - Wide QRS complexes in the emergency room.

PMID- 6811408
TI  - Immunologic aspects of organ transplantation.

PMID- 6811410
TI  - Current concepts in diagnosis and management of hemophilia.

PMID- 6811409
TI  - A paranoid accusation of child molestation.

PMID- 6811411
TI  - Controversies in cardiology. Proposed: exercise reduces the risk of coronary
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6811412
TI  - Expiratory flow rates: their role in asthma therapy.

PMID- 6811414
TI  - A tracheal culture model of respiratory tract infection with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the respiratory tract has been
      examined using hamster tracheal organ cultures. Tracheal rings prepared from male
      Syrian hamsters, strain LSH/LAK, were infected with P. aeruginosa for 4 h and
      processed at 4-h intervals for 24 h for examination by light- and electron
      microscopy. Tissue destruction was observed within 8 h after infection with 10(8)
      colony-forming units (cfu)/ml and within 12 h after infection with 10(4) or 10(6)
      cfu/ml. Ciliated cells that contained abnormal subcellular organelles were
      expelled from the epithelium. By 20 h the epithelial borders were composed
      primarily of nonciliated cells. Transmission- and scanning electron microscopy
      revealed details of the cellular destruction and attachment of P. aeruginosa to
      the ciliated epithelium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a rapid destruction of the
      epithelium of hamster trachea in cultures. Hamster tracheal organ cultures have
      been shown to be useful in studying the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa for the
      respiratory tract.

PMID- 6811413
TI  - Selective effects of Adriamycin on murine host defense systems.

PMID- 6811415
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for cell culture mycoplasmas.
AB  - Mycoplasma infection of cell cultures is still a major problem in some
      laboratories. Although several methods can be used for their detection,
      identification is normally by serological procedures. As no commercial source for
      the necessary antibodies is available we have prepared monoclonal antibodies to
      the five mycoplasma species that account for the majority of cell culture
      infections. These antibodies have been characterized by the growth inhibition
      test (GIT), immunofluorescence, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
      have shown perfect correlation in all tests when compared to conventional
      antisera raised in rabbits or donkeys. In addition, a monoclonal antibody to
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae was produced. M. pneumoniae is an infrequent cell culture
      contaminant but is a human pathogen, and the monoclonal antibody described here
      could be useful in the clinical diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection in man.

PMID- 6811416
TI  - Effect of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the induction of malignant
      transformation and of 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations and chromosomal
      aberrations in a diploid clone derived from normal rat liver cells in culture.
AB  - The effect of 3' methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) in the induction of
      malignant transformation and of 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations and chromosomal
      aberrations was studied in a diploid strain derived from normal rat liver cells.
      The cells were malignantly transformed by treatment with 3'-Me-DAB 1.7
      micrograms/ml for 130 to 221 d or 1.7 micrograms/ml for 53 d followed by 24.9
      micrograms/ml for 27 to 77 d. The untreated control cells did not transform
      spontaneously until the 232nd d in culture. Some properties of the 3'-Me-DAB
      treated cells were compared to those of untreated control cells but no reliable
      marker for predicting the tumorigenic potential of the cells was found. The
      single addition of 3'-Me-DAB caused little induction of 8-azaguanine-resistant
      mutations and chromosomal aberrations to the cells. However, mutations and
      chromosomal aberrations were significantly induced by N-acetoxy-4
      methylaminoazobenzene, an active metabolite of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene or 3'-Me
      DAB in the presence of liver microsomes.

PMID- 6811417
TI  - Tissue cages for study of experimental streptococcal infection in rabbits. I.
      Production of erythrogenic toxins in vivo.
AB  - Tissue cages implanted subcutaneously were used to infect rabbits with
      erythrogenic toxin (ET) producing streptococci. The in-vivo production of ET was
      followed during the infection by immunoprecipitation analyses of the tissue cage
      fluid (TCF). ET types A and C were mainly detected during the first week of
      infection, but, as late as 4 weeks after the inoculation, ET was occasionally
      found in TCF. The nonspecific mitogenic activity of ET on human lymphocytes was
      also used as a biological marker to recognize ET in TCF. Mitogenic activity was
      detected in 90% of samples during the first week. In order to characterize the
      mitogenic material released by growing streptococci, TCF was electrofocused in
      polyacrylamide gel. The eluates of sliced gels were checked for mitogenic
      activity and compared with a purified ET preparation containing ET types A and C.
      It could be verified that ET type A was produced under in-vivo conditions by
      strains NY-5 and SF130, while ET type C was produced by strain T18. Differences
      between production of toxins in vitro and in vivo might be of significance for
      the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms in streptococcal infection.

PMID- 6811419
TI  - Humoral immune response and expression of spontaneous postnatal amelanosis in DAM
      line chickens.
AB  - The delayed amelanotic (DAM) chicken line has been developed as a model of human
      vitiligo. Vitiligo in humans and chickens is characterized symptomatically by
      spontaneous loss of integumentary pigmentation and is often associated with
      uveitis. In humans, vitiligo is also associated with increased frequencies of
      several autoantibodies, suggesting a state of immune hyperreactivity. An adult
      DAM chicken population was tested for levels of circulating antibody after
      challenge with sheep red blood cells or Brucella abortus. There was a
      significantly higher mean titer level to both antigens in the amelanotic birds
      than in normally pigmented birds. The severity of feather amelanosis and visual
      defects was associated with increased antibody levels. This suggests that
      amelanosis and blindness in DAM chickens may be associated with elevated antibody
      responses to foreign antigens and perhaps with a generalized state of
      hyperimmunity.

PMID- 6811418
TI  - Truncated mu chain in a Burkitt lymphoma line (P3HR-1) and its fate in various
      hemapoietic somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - Hybrids obtained by the fusion of PUT, an ouabain and TG-resistant subline of the
      Burkitt lymphoma(BL)-derived P3HR-1 line, with hemopoietic cells of various
      differentiation types were tested for their membrane and intracellular
      immunoglobulin expression. PUT cells carry no membrane immunoglobulin, but
      contained intracellular 61K mu chain and kappa chain. The PUTKO-1 hybrid, derived
      from the fusion of PUT with the erythroleukemia line K562 contains no detectable
      immunoglobulin. NAMPUT, a hybrid between PUT and the IgM-lambda-producing BL line
      Namalwa, synthetizes cellular mu, lambda and kappa chains, but its surface-Ig is
      exclusively mu-lambda. Two different mu chains could be detected, both
      precipitated by either anti-mu or anti-lambda sera. Immunoprecipitation with anti
      kappa precipitated neither kappa nor mu. PUTRAL was derived by fusing PUT with
      Rael, an unusual surface-IgG-lambda-carrying BL line. In this hybrid, the ability
      to synthesize gamma and lambda chains has been eclipsed, but two mu chains are
      present: one corresponding to the truncated 61K chain of PUT, and a normal-sized
      74K. Between 20 and 30% of the cells stain for surface IgM.

PMID- 6811420
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to human basement membrane collagen type IV.
AB  - We have developed a hybridoma cell line which secretes monoclonal antibody to
      human basement membrane type IV collagen. The monoclonal antibody secreted by
      this hybridoma has been obtained in large amounts by either concentrating it from
      culture supernatants or from the ascites fluid of mice bearing the hybridoma
      tumour. This monoclonal antibody to type IV collagen does not cross-react with
      other types of collagens, including types I, III and V, as determined by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunohistochemical staining of
      corneal and lens sections. Descemet's membrane of mouse, rabbit and human corneal
      endothelium and lens capsule, both rich in type IV collagen, bind the antibody
      when stained immunohistochemically. By the indirect precipitation technique, the
      antibody is found to bind more than three peptides in the basement membrane
      collagen-rich fraction of human placenta. Based on the observations of other
      investigators, these peptides are probably derived by proteolysis of the larger
      polypeptides, since the purification steps in involve extensive pepsin digestion.

PMID- 6811421
TI  - Analysis of antibodies in local and disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections
      by means of gel electrophoresis-derived ELISA.
AB  - Major antigens in Neisseria gonorrhoeae were identified by surface labelling the
      organisms with 125I and electrophoresing extracts in polyacrylamide with sodium
      dodecyl sulphate. Horizontal slices of the gels were cut out and tested in
      individual wells against patients' sera using ELISA. Serum from local gonococcal
      infections reacted with Protein II and, probably, lipopolysaccharide, but not
      with Protein I in deoxycholate (DOC) extracts and gave no reaction with Triton X
      100 extracts. Serum from disseminated gonococcal infections reacted with Protein
      I in the DOC extract and with pili and a number of undefined possibly cytoplasmic
      membrane antigens in the Triton X-100 extract. The significance of the results
      and the potential of the method are discussed.

PMID- 6811423
TI  - Age influenced IgG3 allotype in sheep.

PMID- 6811422
TI  - Role of specific delayed-type hypersensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected
      mice.
AB  - The role of specific cell-mediated immunity was studied in mice injected in the
      hind footpad with viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The results reported here
      show that a state of specific delayed-type hypersensitivity, evaluated both as
      footpad swelling and as weight increase of popliteal lymph node, occurs in P.
      aeruginosa-infected mice. Furthermore, a T-cell-enriched spleen population from
      infected animals was able to transfer delayed hypersensitivity to normal
      recipients. However, identity at the major histocompatibility complex to transfer
      delayed hypersensitivity was required. Acquired cellular resistance was not
      transferred to normal recipients by immune T lymphocytes. On the contrary, mice
      receiving immune T cells showed an increase in the severity of the lesion caused
      by a viable challenge. The dichotomy between acquired cellular resistance and
      delayed hypersensitivity, and the possibility that T-cell reactivity to P.
      aeruginosa may be actively controlled, is discussed.

PMID- 6811424
TI  - In vivo macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in the mouse.
AB  - Tumor-bearing animals injected with either LPS-activated or control macrophages
      were capable of suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Tumor growth rate and survival
      times were assessed for each group of animals. At day 12 after injection of the
      P815 tumor cells, no difference in tumor size could be demonstrated in any of the
      groups. However, by day 17 the tumors in the animals treated with 2.5 X 10(6) or
      5 X 10(6) control as well as LPS-activated macrophages did not continue to
      increase in size as was seen in the case of the control animals. When examining
      survival times, it appeared that the animals treated with control or activated
      macrophages generally survived approximately 10 days longer than did the animals
      receiving no treatment (30-day vs 20 day survival). Thus, it appears that tumor
      cell growth can be slowed down in vivo when control or activated macrophages are
      injected into the site of the tumor mass.

PMID- 6811425
TI  - A gene linked to the heavy-chain allotype I alpha (1a) controls for the
      expression of idiotype Ox-r1 in the rat.
AB  - A rabbit antiserum prepared against purified anti-2-phenyl-oxazolone (phOx)
      antibodies of AVN rats detects a common idiotype called Ox-r1. This idiotype was
      also present in anti-phOx antibodies of AS and (AS x LEP)F1 hybrid rats but not
      in the antibodies of LEP rats. Antisera of (AS x LEP) x LEP backcross rats either
      resembled F1 hybrid sera (7 rats) or LEP sera (8 rats) in the idiotype assay. All
      idiotype-positive backcross rats but none of the idiotype negative backcross rats
      had the I alpha (1) allotype a. The likelihood that such a distribution was due
      to a chance is approximately 0.0002. The data suggest that the presence of
      idiotype Ox-r1 in the antisera of AS rats and their progeny is controlled by a
      gene (or genes) linked to the 1g heavy-chain allotype locus I alpha (1).

PMID- 6811427
TI  - Effects of bittergourd (Momordica charantia) seed & glibenclamide in
      streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6811428
TI  - Effect of weaning on gonadotropin levels in plasma & pituitary of female mice.

PMID- 6811426
TI  - Inhibition of production of dengue virus induced cytotoxic factor by treatment
      with cycloheximide & mitomycin C.

PMID- 6811429
TI  - Paratyphoid 'A' encephalitis in two preschool children.

PMID- 6811430
TI  - Rieger's syndrome.

PMID- 6811432
TI  - Characterization of the immune response in subcutaneous chambers of guinea pigs
      immunized with a ribosomal preparation from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Immunization of guinea pigs with ribosomal preparations has been previously shown
      to be protective against chamber infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and this
      protection could be correlated with the presence of serum bactericidal antibody.
      Analysis of the chamber fluids from ribosome-immunized and nonimmunized guinea
      pigs has demonstrated that the chamber fluid may accurately reflect serum
      antibody levels and proteins. At least one major population of antiribosomal
      antibodies is present in both immune serum and chamber fluid as revealed by lines
      of identity between these components. Antibody- and complement-mediated
      bactericidal assays revealed that matched chamber fluids and sera from immune
      animals had comparable bactericidal titers. These results suggest that the
      antibody-complement-mediated bactericidal activity plays a major role in the
      protection against N. gonorrhoeae infection. Protection could not be explained on
      the basis of the cellular components of the inflammatory response since both
      immune and nonimmune chambers had comparable increases in polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes after challenge.

PMID- 6811433
TI  - Common antigens of Treponema denticola: chemical, physical, and serological
      characterization.
AB  - A sodium deoxycholate-ethanol extractable antigen (DES-Ag) was obtained from four
      serotypes of Treponema denticola and characterized by chemical, physical, and
      serological procedures. The cross-reactivity of these antigens was demonstrated
      by indirect microhemagglutination, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis
      with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum against each of the T. denticola serotypes.
      Antiserum against two nonoral treponemes, T. phagedenis biotype Reieter and T.
      pallidum Nichols strain, did not cross-react with the DES-Ag of T. denticola.
      Chemical analysis of the DES-Ag indicated that proteins (84%) and hexoses (12%)
      accounted for 96% of the total dry weight of the antigen. Trace amounts of N
      acetylglucosamine (0.6%) were also detected. Fatty acids, including palmitic,
      oleic, and stearic, were identified by gas-liquid chromatography. Polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of the DES-Ag of each serotype revealed the presence of two
      bands. The molecular weights of the bands were estimated to be 58,000 and 31,000
      by comparing the electrophoretic mobility of the DES-Ag to that of five protein
      standards of known molecular weights. Although only a single precipitin line was
      observed by immunodiffusion when each antigen was reacted against its homologous
      antiserum, two precipitin lines were evident by immunoelectrophoresis. Antiserum
      against the DES-Ag of T. denticola was shown to agglutinate whole cells of the
      homologous serotype. Adsorption of this anti-DES-Ag serum with whole cells of T.
      denticola resulted in the elimination of precipitating antibodies to the DES-Ag
      by immunodiffusion. It is concluded that the DES-Ag is a component of the outer
      sheath of T. denticola.

PMID- 6811431
TI  - Gonococcal strains from homosexual men have outer membranes with reduced
      permeability to hydrophobic molecules.
AB  - Loci designated penA, penB, and mtr contribute additively to penicillin G
      resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the mtr locus also confers resistance to
      hydrophobic dyes, detergents, and antibiotics, env mutations suppress the
      phenotypic expression of mtr and penB and are responsible for increased
      sensitivity to various hydrophobic molecules. We postulated that the host
      environment is important in the selection of gonococcal strains with these
      particular outer membrane phenotypes. Thus, mtr strains should predominate in
      environments that are high in hydrophobic molecules. To test this hypothesis we
      determined the outer membrane phenotype of 152 strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Rectal
      and urethral isolates from 58 homosexual men, urethral isolates from 55
      heterosexual men, and cervical and rectal isolates from 39 heterosexual women
      were used in this study. Strains from 43 of the homosexual men were matched with
      those from heterosexual men with respect to auxotype and year and season of
      isolation. Cell envelope phenotype was determined for each strain on the basis of
      its resistance to various hydrophobic compounds. The identity of mtr strains was
      confirmed by genetic transformation. Among the matched pairs, mtr strains were
      significantly more prevalent among isolates from homosexual men than among those
      from heterosexual men (P = 0.03). Serogrouping by coagglutination demonstrated
      that 17 of 19 mtr strains versus 76 of 131 non-mtr strains belonged to
      coagglutination group WII (P = 0.01). Coagglutination group WII strains were also
      associated with homosexuality (P = 0.02). Gonococci were also tested for
      resistance to fecal lipids, mtr strains were more resistant to growth inhibition
      by fecal lipids than were non-mtr strains.

PMID- 6811434
TI  - Immunoglobulin M and G antibody responses and persistence of these antibodies in
      adults after vaccination with a combined meningococcal group A and group C
      polysaccharide vaccine.
AB  - Adult volunteers were injected with a combined meningococcal group A and group C
      polysaccharide vaccine. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody levels against
      both polysaccharides were measured in serum samples taken 14 days as well as 3
      years after vaccination. For both group A and group C polysaccharides, the IgM
      and IgG antibody levels at 14 days postvaccination were positively related. The
      IgM-to-IgG antibody ratio at 14 days postvaccination was an indicator for the
      persistence of both IgM and IgG antibodies during the next 3 years; a high ratio
      meant a short persistence, whereas a low ratio was associated with a long
      persistence.

PMID- 6811435
TI  - 125I-peptide mapping of protein III isolated from four strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Gonococcal outer-membrane protein I (PI) and PIII were isolated by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from reduced and unreduced whole-cell
      and outer-membrane lysates of four strains of nonpiliated (P-), transparent (O-)
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These proteins were radioiodinated and digested with alpha
      chymotrypsin. The resultant 125I-peptides were then resolved by high-voltage thin
      layer electrophoresis, followed by ascending thin-layer chromatography, and
      visualized by autoradiography. Results corroborated previous observations
      regarding the structural relationships of PIs having different apparent subunit
      molecular weights. All PIIIs had very similar apparent primary structures,
      regardless of the strain from which they were isolated, the source (i.e., whole
      cells or outer membranes), or the reduction state of the sodium dodecyl sulfate
      lysates. By the techniques used, it appeared that PIII is structurally similar in
      all of the gonococcal strains studied, even though each strain had structurally
      unique PIs.

PMID- 6811436
TI  - Surface peptide mapping of protein I and protein III of four strains of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Whole cells and isolated outer membranes (OMs) of four strains of gonococci were
      surface radioiodinated with either lactoperoxidase or Iodogen (Pierce Chemical
      Co., Rockford, Ill.). These preparations were solubilized in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Surface-radioiodinated protein I (PI) and PIII bands were
      excised from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels
      and digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, and the resultant 125I-peptide fragments
      were resolved by high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography
      (i.e., surface peptide mapping). Radioemitting peptidic fragments were visualized
      by autoradiography. Results demonstrated that the PI molecule of each gonococcal
      strain studied had unique iodinatable peptides exposed on the surface of whole
      cells and OMs, whereas PIIIs appeared to have the same portion of the molecule
      exposed on the surface of bacteria or OMs, regardless of the gonococcal strain
      from which they were isolated. Many more radiolabeled peptides were seen in
      surface peptide maps of PIs from radiolabeled OMs than in those from
      radioiodinated whole cells, whereas different peptidic fragments were seen in the
      surface peptide maps of PIIIs from radiolabeled OMs than were seen in those from
      radiolabeled whole cells. These data suggest that PI may contribute strain
      specific antigenic determinants and PIII may contribute cross-reactive
      determinants and that the surface exposure of PI and PIII is different in
      isolated OMs than in the OM of intact gonococci.

PMID- 6811437
TI  - Utilization of human respiratory secretions by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa of
      cystic fibrosis origin.
AB  - Growth and exoproduct production were examined with sputum from patients with
      respiratory diseases serving as the growth substrate for mucoid strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Mucoid
      strains are uniquely common to chronic respiratory infections of CF patients. The
      mucoid colonial morphology of P. aeruginosa is due to the biosynthesis of the
      exopolysaccharide alginate. Alginate-producing (Alg+) strains utilized CF sputum
      for growth and high yields of alginate; however, sputum from patients with other
      respiratory diseases produced comparable results. Analysis of CF sputum medium
      indicated that amino acids and small peptides were major substrates for P.
      aeruginosa in respiratory secretions. Cultures of Alg+ strains in CF sputum
      medium were inhibited in growth and reduced in alginate yields by a low
      concentration (1 mM) of D-mannose, suggesting therapeutic applications. The rates
      of growth of two Alg+ strains in CF sputum medium were found to be slightly lower
      compared with their respective spontaneous Alg- mutants, indicating that the
      mucoid phenotype does not enhance the ability of P. aeruginosa to utilize
      respiratory secretions. At all stages of growth in CF sputum medium, two Alg+
      strains produced lower yields of protease than did their respective Alg- mutants.
      When seven Alg+ strains of CF origin were compared with their respective Alg-
      mutants, the Alg+ phenotype correlated with reduced yields of extracellular
      proteases. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that mucoid strains of
      P. aeruginosa are more suited to chronic rather than to acute respiratory
      infections in that reduced yields of proteases temper the level of damage to the
      lungs and result in a reduced infiltration of phagocytic cells.

PMID- 6811438
TI  - Selection of nonmucoid derivatives of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is strongly
      influenced by the level of iron in the culture medium.
AB  - We investigated the effects of cations on the stability in culture of mucoid
      strains pf Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis by
      studying their effects on the selection of nonmucoid derivatives which arise by
      spontaneous mutation in cultures of mucoid organisms. Calcium ion concentrations
      in the range 0.55 to 1.85 mM had no effect on the growth or stability of the
      mucoid cultures. Higher levels (5.0 mM) inhibited the growth of both mucoid and
      nonmucoid cells. Likewise, magnesium ion in concentrations of 0.3 to 3.0 mM had
      no effect. The concentration of iron (either Fe2+ or Fe3+) had a profound effect
      on the selection of nonmucoid mutants in unshaken cultures of mucoid organisms.
      In medium containing 0.01 mM iron, nonmucoid mutants rapidly accumulated to a
      greater than 100-fold-higher frequency than the mucoid forms. Rates of
      accumulation of nonmucoid derivatives were lower in media containing lower
      concentrations of iron. The possible role of iron in the selection of nonmucoid
      cells from a population of mucoid P. aeruginosa is discussed.

PMID- 6811440
TI  - Lymphokine-induced mycobacteriostatic activity in mouse pleural macrophages.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro assay to study the intramacrophage replication of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In this assay,
      extracellular mycobacterial replication was avoided by using a small infecting
      inoculum and a new method for efficiently removing nonphagocytocytized bacilli.
      The ability of different mycobacterial strains to replicate in mouse pleural
      macrophages correlated with their virulence. The effect of lymphokines prepared
      by incubating spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice with mycobacterial antigens
      was tested with this assay. In the presence of lymphokines, mouse pleural
      macrophages were able to inhibit the intramacrophage replication of both BCG and
      M. tuberculosis. This assay is a useful in vitro model for studying antibacterial
      cellular immunity expressed by macrophages.

PMID- 6811439
TI  - Reactivation of Rickettsia rickettsii in Dermacentor andersoni ticks: an
      ultrastructural analysis.
AB  - Virulent Rickettsia in Dermacentor andersoni lose their pathogenicity and
      virulence for guinea pigs when subjected to physiological stresses, such as
      starvation (overwintering), of its tick vector. However, incubation of infected
      ticks at an elevated temperature (37 degrees C) for 24 to 48 h or feeding for a
      time (usually greater than 10 h) induces R. rickettsii to revert to a virulent
      state, a phenomenon defined as "reactivation." Electron microscopy reveals that
      the microcapsular and slime layers of R. rickettsii undergo changes dependent
      upon the physiological conditions within the tick vector. In engorged ticks, the
      microcapsular layer is readily identified as a discrete layer, approximately 16
      nm thick, composed of globular subunits that have a periodicity of approximately
      10 nm. The slime layer external to the microcapsular layer forms a discrete
      electron-lucent zone around the rickettsia. In starved ticks, neither the
      microcapsular layer nor slime layer remains a discrete entity. Instead, they are
      shed and form stringy, shredded, and somewhat flocculent strands of low electron
      density without periodicity. Incubation at 37 degrees C or feeding of starved
      infected ticks results in the restoration of a discrete microcapsular and slime
      layer. These reversible structural modifications are linked to physiological
      changes in the tick host and correlate with reactivation, i.e., restoration of
      pathogenicity and virulence of R. rickettsii.

PMID- 6811441
TI  - Direct activation of the J774.1 Murine macrophage cell line by mycoplasma
      arthritidis.
AB  - Viable Mycoplasma arthritidis and supernatants from M. arthriditis cultures
      produced marked morphological changes in the J774.1 continuous macrophage line
      similar to those seen during activation of these cells by Mycobacterium bovis BCG
      cell walls. The mycoplasma-treated macrophages developed pronounced tumoricidal
      activity against syngenic 3T12-3 target cells and developed an enhanced capacity
      for the killing of intracellular listeriae, including both virulent and
      laboratory-maintained strains. Increased acid phosphatase levels and
      [14C]glucosamine uptake were also seen. We conclude that mycoplasmas can
      profoundly alter the functions of macrophages, an event which may not only have
      in vivo significance with regard to disease pathogenesis, but which may pose
      considerable problems for in vitro work when unsuspected mycoplasma contamination
      is present.

PMID- 6811442
TI  - Strain-related differences in lysozyme sensitivity and extent of O-acetylation of
      gonococcal peptidoglycan.
AB  - Peptidoglycan from Neisseria gonorrhoeae RD5 was completely degraded by hen egg
      white lysozyme and was not extensively O-acetylated. In contrast, peptidoglycans
      from gonococcal strains FA19 and FA102 (a penicillin-resistant mutant derived
      from FA19), were markedly resistant to digestion by hen egg white lysozyme and
      were extensively O-acetylated.

PMID- 6811444
TI  - Testicular function after torsion.
AB  - A group of 20 patients with torsion was investigated. The study indicated that
      immediate surgical intervention with a period of torsion of the testis of less
      than 6 h will prevent impairment of testicle function. The histology of
      testicular biopsies taken from such patients revealed only interstitial oedema
      and, at the most, partial necrosis. If torsion time exceeded 6 h testicular
      histology revealed severe alterations, and surgical correction could not prevent
      atrophy of the testis. Patients with pathological spermiograms showed FSH values
      over or at the upper limit of the normal range. As far as can be concluded from
      one single basal hormone determination, the testosterone secretion remained
      unaltered. Libido, potency and virilization remained normal.

PMID- 6811443
TI  - Motility as a selective force in the reversion of cystic fibrosis-associated
      mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the nonmucoid phenotype in culture.
AB  - Motility acted as a strong positive selection for nonmucoid Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in unshaken cultures. Consistent with this finding, electron
      microscopic examination of mucoid and nonmucoid revertant strains indicated that
      the mucoid cells were nonflagellated whereas the nonmucoid revertants were
      flagellated.

PMID- 6811445
TI  - Inhibitory action of BHA on carcinogenesis in F1 and F2 descendants of mice
      exposed to DMBA during pregnancy.

PMID- 6811447
TI  - Effect of procetofen on apolipoprotein A I and B concentrations in
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Thirty-three hyperlipoproteinemic patients were subjected to therapy with
      procetofen (300-600 mg daily) for 6 months in a placebo-controlled study.
      Lipoprotein changes based on cholesterol fractions have been reported previously.
      This report shows that procetofen increase Apo A I only slightly. Apoprotein B
      decreased by 16% and the ratio of Apo A I to Apo B was increased by 31%. In
      addition, procetofen induces changes in HDL composition: the relative amount of
      cholesterol is increased, which may reflect more efficient efflux of cholesterol
      from the tissues.

PMID- 6811446
TI  - Immunochemical demonstration of an ovarian cancer-associated urinary peptide.
AB  - Immunization with a peptide fraction from ovarian cancer urine resulted in an
      antiserum that reacts with a 6,000 dalton (6K) peptide. In urine from some
      patients with advanced gynaecological cancer, the concentration of 6K peptide was
      high enough to be detected by immunodiffusion. By radioimmunoassay the levels in
      normal serum could be determined. The concentrations in serum was 5-20
      microgram/l and that in urine 5-50 microgram/l. Elevated levels were observed in
      urine from 5 out of 8 patients with ovarian cancer, 10 out of 14 patients with
      cervical cancer and 9 out of 14 patients with endometrial cancer. The highest
      level observed was 12,000 microgram/l. High concentrations of the 6K peptide (100
      300 microgram/l) were observed in amniotic fluid from 14-16 weeks of pregnancy.
      Some tumor extracts also had a high concentration of the 6K peptide. No
      immunological relationship was observed between the peptide and known tumor
      associated antigens or serum proteins. These results suggest that the peptide is
      a new oncodevelopmental peptide which may have significance as a tumor marker.

PMID- 6811449
TI  - Radiometric measurement of differential metabolism of fatty acid by mycobacteria.
AB  - An assay system has been developed based on automated radiometric quantification
      of 14CO2 produced through oxidation of [1-14C] fatty acids by mycobacteria. Two
      stains of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv and Erdman) and one of M. bovis (BCG) in 7H9
      medium (ADC) with 1.0 microCi of one of the fatty acids (butyric, hexanoic,
      octanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and
      linolenic) were studied. Results previously published on M. lepraemurium
      (Hawaiian) were also included for comparison. Both strains of M. tuberculosis had
      maximum 14CO2 production from hexanoic acid. Oxidation of butyric and avid
      oxidation of lauric acids were also found with the H37Rv strain but not with
      Erdman. In contrast, 14CO2 production by M. bovis was greatest from lauric and
      somewhat less from decanoic acid. M. lepraemurium showed increasing oxidation
      rates from myristic, decanoic and lauric acids. Assimilation studies of M.
      tuberculosis H37Rv confirmed that most of the oxidized substrates were converted
      into by-products with no change in those from which no oxidation was found. These
      data suggest that the radiometric measurement of differential fatty acid
      metabolism may provide a basis of strain identification of the genus
      Mycobacterium.

PMID- 6811448
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins an autoantibodies during and after erythema nodosum
      leprosum (ENL).
AB  - Sera from 20 patients with lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum
      leprosum (ENL) were collected at the time of acute reaction and then after
      clinical cure four weeks later. Anti-ENL drugs used were: prednisolone (11
      patients), chloroquin (6 patients), and clofazimine (3 patients). Immunoglobulins
      M, G, and A and autoantibodies, namely, antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA),
      antinuclear antibody (ANA), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were measured in these 20
      paired serum samples. The mean serum concentration of IgG showed a significant
      elevation after clinical subsidence of the reaction, mainly in the prednisolone
      treated group; while those of IgM and IgA varied only marginally. Autoantibodies
      were detected in nine patients. Of these, three patients developed these
      antibodies only after remission of the reaction. Treatment with prednisolone and
      chloroquin, although causing subsidence of ENL, resulted in an increased
      incidence of ATA and/or ANA. Furthermore, it was observed that longer duration of
      illness, higher age group, and history of repeated attacks of ENL predisposed
      these patients to enhanced autoantibody formation.

PMID- 6811450
TI  - Changes in the composition and fluidity of membranes in obese (ob/ob) mice: a
      study of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase activity.
AB  - The characteristics of microsomal membrane lipids in obese (ob/ob) mice have been
      probed by studies on the microsomal enzyme NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
      and by investigation of their fluidity using the fluorescence probe 1,6
      diphenylhexatriene. Arrhenius plots of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
      activity were biphasic with the break temperature in obese mice reduced from 9.5
      to 6.5 degrees C. The activation energy of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
      was increased in obese microsomes below the Arrhenius breakpoint. Normalising the
      body temperature of ob/ob mice did not rectify the Arrhenius plot of NADPH
      cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase activity of ob/ob mice. DPH fluorescence
      polarisation indicated that the gross phospholipids from ob/ob mouse microsomes
      were more fluid than those from lean mice. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of ob/ob
      microsomes contains a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids resulting
      mainly from an increase in 22:6 and a fall in 16:0. Phosphatidyl choline (PC) of
      ob/ob microsomes contains an increased proportion of saturated fatty acids.
      Phospholipid vesicles of obese microsomal PE were more fluid and obese microsomal
      PC less fluid than the equivalent phospholipids from lean mice microsomes. The
      changes in Arrhenius plots of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase activity of
      obese microsomes are interpreted in relation to the reported phospholipid
      changes.

PMID- 6811451
TI  - Monophase extraskeletal fixation. Principles for use in severe mandibular trauma.

PMID- 6811452
TI  - Lesions of the facial and trigeminal nerve in leprosy. An evaluation of 43 cases.
AB  - Facial and trigeminal nerve involvement was studied in 43 leprosy patients, 5.7%
      of the 750 Thai national in-patients of a leprosy rehabilitation centre.
      Involvement of the facial nerve occurred late in the disease and had an average
      duration of 12.1 years. The zygomatic branches of this nerve were the most
      frequently affected. Hypaesthesia and anaesthesia were most often observed in the
      maxillary divisions. Periorbital surgical procedures to prevent severe ocular
      complications are evaluated and discussed.

PMID- 6811453
TI  - Oral involvement in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6811454
TI  - Lipoma of the oral cavity.

PMID- 6811455
TI  - Circadian changes in the duration of local anaesthesia.
AB  - In accordance with clinical experience, the duration of the action of a local
      anaesthetic agent used in dental surgery changes depending on the time of day. A
      statistically significant circadian rhythm in the duration of a local anaesthesia
      produced by mepivacaine, was found in teeth. The longest duration was ascertained
      at approximately 15.00 (3 p.m.), the shortest at night and in the early morning.
      These findings coincide with the results of other authors concerning other organs
      as well.

PMID- 6811456
TI  - Concentrations of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin in dental
      alveolar serum and mandibular bone.
AB  - Deep infections caused by staphylococci are serious complications after oral
      surgery. Intensive antibiotic treatment is always necessary in these infections.
      Isoxazolylpenicillins are often used. Levels of three isoxazolylpenicillins,
      namely, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin, were measured in serum,
      dental alveolar serum and mandibular bone in 60 patients undergoing surgical
      removal of impacted third molars after a single dose of 500 mg. The systemic
      serum concentrations were higher than the dental alveolar serum concentrations in
      most patients. The maximum concentration in the alveolar serum was 3.8-6.4
      microgram/ml for cloxacillin, 6.0-15.0 microgram/ml for dicloxacillin and 10.0
      15.0 microgram/ml for flucloxacillin. The concentration in mandibular bone was
      2.0 +/- 0.4 microgram/g for cloxacillin, 2.0 +/- 0.5 microgram/g for
      dicloxacillin and 2.0 +/- 0.5 microgram/g for flucloxacillin.

PMID- 6811457
TI  - Healing of experimental excisional wounds in the rat palate. (I) Histological
      study of the interphase in wound healing after sharp dissection.
AB  - Healing of standardized, excisional wounds in the rat palate has been studied in
      40 rats for a period of 3 weeks. The excisional wound were made with a specially
      constructed biopsy instrument with a diameter of 3 mm. The soft tissue was
      removed by sharp dissection and uncovered bone tissue was left for secondary
      healing. 5 rats were killed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 14 and 21 days after the
      surgical procedure. Photometric measurements were made of the wound at the
      different control times and serial sections from blocks including the palate,
      alveolar process and teeth were subjected to light-microscopical examination.
      Clinical healing was completed within 3 weeks. Photometric measurements showed an
      almost 50% reduction of the defect between the 7th and 10th days. Histological
      examination initially revealed a pronounced inflammatory reaction both in the sub
      epithelial connective tissue and in the haversian canals of the bone tissue. The
      epithelialization progressed from the wound borders, the epithelial cells trying
      to avoid interference with the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Reduction of the
      wound surface proceeded by contraction of the wound margins as well as by
      epithelial cell migration. Empty osteocyte lacunae in the surface layer of the
      bone tissue beneath the wound and the presence of small nectrotic bone fragments
      indicated that damage to the bone tissue had occurred during the exposure period.
      After 3 weeks, the defect was completely covered with epithelium although
      epithelial rete pegs had not yet developed in the central part of the former
      defect.

PMID- 6811458
TI  - Experimental induction of irreversible precancerous changes in the palatal
      epithelium of the rat.
AB  - The development of irreversible precancerous changes in the palatal mucosa of the
      rat was studied macroscopically and histologically after painting the palate 3
      times a week with 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide for 1-22 weeks. Control animals
      were painted with the solvent propylene glycol. After the application periods,
      the spontaneous development of premalignant epithelial changes and carcinomas was
      recorded by repeated biopsy procedures. Short application periods (1-6 weeks)
      were consistently followed by prolonged expectancy periods (51-80 weeks) before
      the development of carcinomas. Comparably long application periods (more than 12
      weeks), however, induced carcinomas after relatively short expectancy periods (8
      21 weeks). The total experimental periods (application plus expectancy periods)
      for animals painted for more than 12 weeks were frequently less than 1/2 of that
      for animals painted  for 1-6 weeks. All experimentally induced tumours
      represented highly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with excessive keratin
      formation. They were consistently preceded by different stages of epithelial
      dysplasia. Advanced carcinomatous changes were frequently not visible
      macroscopically. Irreversible precancerous transformation had already occurred in
      epithelium at early hyperplastic, non-dysplastic stages.

PMID- 6811459
TI  - Morphologic findings in dens evaginatus.
AB  - 10 specimens of dens evaginatus were partly examined by light microscopy, and by
      scanning electron microscopy. The morphological findings were consistent with the
      diagnosis of dens evaginatus although they indicated that the morphology of the
      evagination appears more complex than is seen in decalficied material alone. In
      two cases SEM revealed the existence of dental hard material within the
      evagination which in the other cases was filled out by necrotic pulpal material.
      This probable attempt of repair of the evagination is shortly discussed.

PMID- 6811460
TI  - Clinical and histological changes following cryotherapy in a case of widespread
      oral leukoplakia.
AB  - The effects of cryotherapy on widespread leukoplakia of the buccal and vestibular
      mucosa were observed clinically and studied histologically. The treated areas
      were clinically normal 2 months after treatment, and discomfort and inconvenience
      of treatment were minimal. The epithelium, which was initially orthokeratinized,
      with mild dysplasia, and which was almost entirely lacking in glycogen, reverted
      to the parakeratinized or non-keratinized form, with normal distribution of
      glycogen in the stratum spinosum.

PMID- 6811461
TI  - Oro-facial trophic changes induced by nerve injury.

PMID- 6811462
TI  - Long-term evaluation of non-surgical treatment of osteoarthrosis of the
      temporomandibular joint.
AB  - For 25 patients with osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the
      course of the clinical symptoms consisting of limitation of mouth opening, pain,
      joint sound, mandibular deviation and facial deformity was studied throughout a
      long follow-up period. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiographical and
      laboratory findings. It turned out that after a long period, only 1 patient still
      suffered from a disease without any improvement. Clinical signs and symptoms
      exhibited a tendency of gradual improvement, and the number of patients who did
      not attend the TMJ clinic further increased gradually after the first year. With
      regard to pain, only slight occasional pain was observed by 4 patients, 15
      patients became free from pain, and the remaining patients did not return to the
      TMJ clinic after a period of 18 months. Sound produced by movements in the joint
      were observed in 22 patients at the first examination; at least 5 patients still
      had this symptom 18 months later, 10 patient only exhibited symptoms on rare
      occasions or were free from noises, and 7 patients no longer attended the TMJ
      clinic. 45.8% of the total number of patients recovered from the mandibular
      deviation, and 80% showed satisfactory mouth opening (more than 35 mm) at the
      last examination. Facial deformity was observed in at least 4 patients after a
      long follow-up period.

PMID- 6811463
TI  - Solitary oral amyloid. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6811464
TI  - Basal-cell carcinoma of the vermilion border of the upper lip. A case report.
AB  - Basal-cell carcinoma mostly occurs in patients of advanced age, between the 5th
      and the 7th decades of life. The lesion is usually located on areas that have
      exposure to the sun and is extremely rare on the oral mucosa. A case of basal
      cell carcinoma on the vermilion border of the upper lip in a 62-year-old-male is
      described. An excisional biopsy under local anaesthesia was followed by a radical
      wedge excision of the upper lip.

PMID- 6811465
TI  - Resistance of mice immunized with irradiated and lyophilized stages of
      Trypanosoma cruzi to infections with metacyclics.

PMID- 6811467
TI  - Interaction of lead ions with bovine carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - The interaction of lead (Pb2+) ions with apocarbonic anhydrase is studied by u.v.
      difference spectroscopy. The Pb2+ results are compared with those of Zn2+
      interacting with apocarbonic anhydrase. The results of both metals interacting
      with apoenzyme are related to the difference spectra of Pb2+ and Zn2+ with Trp
      and Tyr model compounds. The interaction of Pb2+ with apocarbonic anhydrase
      containing an acetylated tyrosine residue is examined. Evidence is presented that
      Pb2+ is located in the active site cavity of apocarbonic anhydrase, but displaced
      from the zinc His ligands, interacting with Tyr 7. An attempt is made to
      rationalize the metal-chromophore micro-environment based on analysis of the 270
      295 nm u.v. region of the difference spectra.

PMID- 6811466
TI  - Decomposition of amino acid copper complexes using thioacetamide.

PMID- 6811468
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of the protected 43-55 tridecapeptide of the heavy chain of
      myeloma immunoglobin M603, employing cyclohexyl ester protection for glutamic
      acid.
AB  - A protected tridecapeptide of the sequence Boc-Lys(2CIZ)-Arg(Tos)-Leu-Glu (OcHex)
      Trp(For)-Ile-Ala-Ala-Ser(Bzl)-Arg(Tos)-Asn-Lys(2CIZ)-Gly-OH, representing
      residues 43-55 of the variable region of the heavy chain of mouse myeloma protein
      M603, was synthesized. It was assembled by a stepwise solid phase method designed
      to give a fully protected peptide in high yield and purity with minimal side
      reactions. Thus, the peptide chain was attached as an alpha-methyl phenacyl ester
      to a 2-bromopropionyl-resin. After the synthesis the protected peptide fragment
      was obtained in 89% yield by photolytic cleavage from the resin. The peptide was
      purified by multiple precipitation and column chromatography. It was shown to be
      homogeneous by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography, and it had the
      correct amino acid composition and sequence. In the course of this work it was
      shown that tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-amino acids caused the formation of significant
      amounts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid residues during the coupling reaction when
      a gamma-benzyl glutamyl residue was NH2-terminal. Other weak-acid additives also
      caused this chain terminating side reaction. The cyclization was markedly
      suppressed by protection of the glutamyl side chain as a cyclohexyl ester. With
      this protecting group, no evidence of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid formation could
      be detected in the tridecapeptide 43-55.

PMID- 6811469
TI  - Interactions between Asp, His, Ser residues within models of the active site of
      serine proteases. A theoretical empirical study.
AB  - Empirical theoretical calculations have been performed on a simplified model of
      the active site of two serine proteases: alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin Novo.
      The stability of the catalytic triad and the hydrogen bond formation between the
      Asp-His and His-Ser pairs have been examined for different protonation states.
      The results show that the Asp-His interactions prevail upon the His-Ser ones.
      Agreement between calculated configurations and the crystal structure of the site
      suggests that the presence of other residues near the functional residues is not
      determinant for the stability of the triad in alpha-chymotrypsin. In subtilisin
      Novo, on the contrary, the presence of the neighbouring residues seems to
      contribute more largely to the stability. Strong hydrogen bond interactions
      between the His and Ser residues do not exist in the resting enzymes. Any
      improvement of the His-Ser interactions requires large destabilization of the Asp
      His diad. Our results suggest that the mechanism of the proton transfer can occur
      only from perturbations of the active site structure induced by the presence of
      the substrate.

PMID- 6811470
TI  - Synthesis, conformation and reactivity towards p-nitrophenyl acetate of
      polypeptides incorporating aspartic acid, serine and histidine.
AB  - Examination of beta-carbons coordinates of seryl, aspartyl and histidyl residues
      in active sites of alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin BPN' shows that a close
      geometrical arrangement can be obtained in an antiparellel beta-structure.
      Therefore some polypeptides incorporating serine, aspartic acid and histidine,
      poly (Gly-Ser-Asp-His-Ala-Pro) and poly [(Asp-Leu-AsP-Leu)10,  (His-Leu-Ser
      Leu)1], and expected to have some tendency to give rise to an antiparallel beta
      conformation, have been prepared and studied. The second polymer only adopts a
      fairly well-defined beta-structure in aqueous solution. Catalytic activities of
      these products towards p-nitrophenyl acetate are not improved as compared to
      histidine. However, kinetic pK of histidine side-chain depends markedly upon the
      nature of the product, owing probably to a hydrophobic environment effect.

PMID- 6811471
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some new 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloyl- and
      3,6-diamino-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids and dipeptide derivatives.
AB  - Synthesis of a series of 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids (II-IX) and some
      of their corresponding methyl esters (X-XVI) and 3,6-diamino-1:8-naphthaloylamino
      acid derivatives (XXIX-XXXVI) is described. Coupling of 3,6-dinitro-1:8
      naphthaloylamino acids with amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides in dioxane-DMF
      Et3N medium using DCC method furnishes the desired 3,6-dinitro-1:8
      naphthaloyldipeptide methyl esters (XVII-XXVIII). Most of the synthesized 3,6
      dinitro-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids, esters and dipeptide derivatives (compounds
      III-VI, XI-XV, XVII, XIX-XXI, XXIII and XXV) and 3,6-diamino-1:8-naphthaloylamino
      acid derivatives (XXIX-XXXV) were found to be active against a number of
      microorganisms.

PMID- 6811472
TI  - Examination of chiral stability during the preparation of hydrazides and coupling
      by the azide procedure using a series of model peptides.
AB  - The peptide hydrazides of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-X where X = alanine, leucine,
      phenylalanine, valine and isoleucine have been prepared by hydrazinolysis of the
      corresponding methyl esters and 2,4-distributed-5 (4H)-oxazolones, and by the
      carbodiimide-mediated reactions of the peptide acids with hydrazine in the
      presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The stereochemical purity of the products was
      examined by coupling them by the azide method with an ester of lysine followed by
      analysis for the diastereomeric tripeptides by an established procedure. The
      results concur with and substantiate the generally held notions on the chiral
      stability associated with hydrazinolysis and the azide procedure, except that an
      optically pure hydrazide could not be obtained from the oxazolone of the alanyl
      peptide.

PMID- 6811473
TI  - Specificity of pepsin-catalyzed peptide bond synthesis.
AB  - The rates of the pepsin-catalyzed synthesis of oligopeptides of the general type
      A-Phe-Leu-B by the condensation of A-Phe-OH with H-Leu-B have been determined by
      means of analytical high performance liquid chromatography. Variation of the A
      group led to large changes in the initial rates of the condensation reaction, and
      the effect of such changes was found to be similar to that previously found for
      the secondary specificity of pepsin in the hydrolysis of oligopeptide substrates.
      Replacement of the Phe and Leu residues of A-Phe-OH or H-Leu-B by other amino
      acid residues gave relative rates of synthesis in accord with the known primary
      specificity of the hydrolytic action of pepsin. Partially-acetylated pepsin,
      which exhibits enhanced hydrolytic activity, also catalyzed the condensation
      reaction more effectively. The results are discussed in relation to the potential
      utility and limitations of pepsin as a catalyst in the preparative synthesis of
      oligopeptides and to the problem of the mechanism of its action.

PMID- 6811474
TI  - Vitamin C. New clinical applications in immunology, lipid metabolism and cancer.

PMID- 6811475
TI  - Prolongation of survival times of terminal cancer patients by administration of
      large doses of ascorbate.
AB  - Clinical trials administering supplemental ascorbate to terminal cancer patients
      were conducted at two hospitals in Japan. During the period 1973-1977 there were
      99 patients with terminal cancer at the Fukuoka Torikai Hospital. The average
      times of survival after the date of designation as terminal were 43 days for 44
      low-ascorbate patients and 246 days for 55 high-ascorbate patients. Three of the
      high-ascorbate patients were still alive, their average survival being 1550 days,
      on April 1, 1980. Similar effectiveness of ascorbate was also observed at the
      Kamioka Kozan Hospital. There were 31 patients with terminal cancer during the
      period 1975-1979. The average survival times were 48 days for 19 control patients
      and 115 days for 6 high-ascorbate patients. One of the high-ascorbate patients
      was still alive, his survival being 215 days. In addition to the increase in
      survival times, the administration of large doses of ascorbate seemed to improve
      the quality of life.

PMID- 6811477
TI  - Vitamin C in the control of hypercholesterolemia in man.
AB  - The activity of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylating system containing cyto
      chrome P-450 is depressed in the liver of guinea-pigs with chronic marginal
      vitamin C deficiency. Slowing-down of this rate-limiting reaction of cholesterol
      transformation to bile acids causes cholesterol accumulation in the liver, blood
      plasma and arteries, increase in the index total: HDL cholesterol, prolongation
      of plasma cholesterol half-life, increase in the index cholesterol: bile acids in
      the gall-bladder bile, cholesterol gallstone formation and atheromatous changes
      on coronary arteries in guinea-pigs with long-lasting marginal vitamin C
      deficiency. The most effective means for preventing these changes are vitamin C
      doses ensuring maximal steady-state levels of ascorbate in the tissues. In most
      of hypercholesterolemic persons with a low vitamin C status, the administration
      of ascorbic acid in doses 500-1000 mg per day lowers total cholesterol
      concentration in blood plasma. This effect may be reinforced through a
      simultaneous administration of bile acids sequestrants, such as cholestyramine or
      pectin. In every form of hypercholesterolemia therapy (dietary and/or
      pharmacological), an adequate vitamin C supply should be ensured in doses capable
      of creating maximal steady-state levels of ascorbate in human tissues.

PMID- 6811476
TI  - Correlation between chronic hypovitaminosis C in old age and plasma levels of
      cholesterol and triglycerides.
AB  - The possible interrelations between ascorbic acid, cholesterol and plasma
      triglycerides were studied in the residents of an old people's home. The study
      lasted about five months, from autumn to spring, and concerned 100 people in good
      health, both males and females, whose age varied from 70 to 84. Old people's
      diets proved well balanced and varied to such an extent as to supply them with a
      satisfying amount of calories and vitamin C. The results of this study showed
      that the average plasma levels of ascorbic acid [1] approached the lower level of
      normal values (587 +/- 34 micrograms %), [2] depended on sex (in fact it was
      significantly lower in males) (p less than 0.01), and [3] depended on diets which
      varied according to the different seasons when drawings were made (p less than
      0.01). Moreover, in all cases there was a significantly negative correlation
      between ascorbic acid and cholesterol (p less than 0.05), whereas no significant
      correlation seemed to exist between ascorbic acid and triglycerides. On the
      contrary, a significant positive correlation between cholesterol and
      triglycerides was observed (p less than 0.01). The above-mentioned correlations
      seem to be valid only for males. This study confirmed by partial 3 variant
      correlations, produced results that point out the risk of hypercholesterolemia
      connected with chronic hypovitaminosis C, a characteristic feature of old age.

PMID- 6811479
TI  - Appetite for vitamin C: its relationship to cellular energy potential.
AB  - Appetite for vitamin C varies between individuals who consume it for control of
      inflammatory respiratory, and central nervous symptoms, all of which may have an
      allergic etiology. The mechanisms affecting appetite for vitamin C are discussed.
      Ascorbic acid is involved in the appreciation of taste which is diminished in
      allergic disease, as is appetite in scorbutic conditions. The actions of some
      appetite-depressant drugs such as fenfluramine, are reduced by administration of
      vitamin C. It appears that appetite diminished when brain ascorbic levels are
      reduced below a critical level. When tissue ascorbic acid concentrations are
      reduced, cellular electric potential is diminished. Cellular electric potential
      is diminished in allergic disease concurrently with development of symptoms. It
      is suggested that patho-physiological changes in the nervous system may occur in
      consequence of increased utilisation of ascorbic acid resulting from allergic and
      iatrogenic challenge. Appetite for vitamin C would be then be affected on an
      idiosyncratic basis. It is possible that this appetite is controlled by a
      neurological feed-back mechanism, activation of which is determined by reduction
      in cellular electric potential of tissues depleted by ascorbic acid.

PMID- 6811478
TI  - Vitamin C and cholesterol.
AB  - In recent years, the role of vitamin C in lipid metabolism has been the object of
      a number of investigations. We have therefore judged it useful to review
      cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol transport, and cholesterol catabolism as well
      as the role of the microsomal electron transport chain in the hydroxylation
      process, before presenting our experimental data.

PMID- 6811480
TI  - How vitamin C, clofibrate and diosgenin control cholesterol metabolism in male
      guinea-pigs.
AB  - Following daily administration of cholesterol-enriched scorbutogenic diet to male
      guinea-pigs for 24 days, elevation of tissue cholesterol level occurred with
      concurrent pronounced depletion of tissue ascorbic acid. When these
      hypercholesterolemic guinea-pigs received clofibrate or diosgenin with or without
      daily supplementary vitamin C for 10 days, alterations in the bodyweight, plasma
      and hepatic ascorbic acid and clofibrate and diosgenin separately caused
      reduction in bodyweight and also in tissue ascorbic acid and cholesterol levels.
      In contrast, bodyweight and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations were increased by
      vitamin C alone or in combination with clofibrate or diosgenin. The cholesterol
      lowering actions of clofibrate and diosgenin were enhanced by daily supplementary
      vitamin C in hypercholesterolemic guinea-pigs. It is concluded that vitamin C
      plays an important role in the control of cholesterol metabolism in
      hypercholesterolemic guinea-pigs receiving clofibrate or diosgenin.

PMID- 6811481
TI  - Workshop on the role of vitamin C in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6811482
TI  - Tolerance and effects of high doses of ascorbic acid. Dosis facit venenum.
AB  - The few literature references suggesting adverse effects of high doses of
      ascorbic acid are outnumbered by a large number of clinical studies in which no
      adverse effects have been observed. Up to 5 g ascorbic acid daily may be
      administered safely even over a long term. Favourable effects of even higher
      doses in man may justify therapeutic trials in the range of 15 g daily which in
      our trials have proven safe during treatment of up to 2 years. Nevertheless,
      trials in the high dosage range mentioned should always be closely supervised by
      a physician, being aware that exceptional behaviour can occur at any time, as
      exception proves the rule.

PMID- 6811483
TI  - Effects of ascorbate on normal and abnormal leucocyte functions.
AB  - The stimulatory effects of ascorbate on neutrophil motility in vitro and in vivo
      and lymphocyte transformation to mitogens following ingestion or intravenous
      injection of ascorbate have been found to be related entirely to inhibition of
      the autooxidative effect of the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/halide system
      (MPO/H2O2/halide system). Stimulation of neutrophil migration and lymphocyte
      transformation following a single intravenous injection of 1 g of ascorbate was
      associated with inhibition of the MPO/H2O2/halide system. The immunostimulatory
      activity and peroxidase inhibitory activity was related entirely to the serum
      ascorbate level. The relationship between inhibition of the
      peroxidase/h2O2/halide system and stimulation of neutrophil motility and
      lymphocyte mitogen-induced transformation was further established by using the
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/halide system in vitro. Neutrophils and
      lymphocytes, exposed to this system, manifested markedly impaired chemotactic
      responsiveness and mitogen-induced transformation, respectively. However
      inclusion of ascorbate with the peroxidative system protected the neutrophils and
      lymphocytes from these inhibitory effects. Further studies in 3 patients with
      chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and 10 patients with bronchial asthma
      suggested that ascorbate may be of value to improve the primary immunological
      abnormalities (neutrophil motility and antimicrobial activity) in CGD and the
      secondary abnormalities (neutrophil motility and lymphocyte transformation) found
      in some individuals with bronchial asthma.

PMID- 6811485
TI  - The influence of ascorbic acid on the growth of solid tumors in mice and on tumor
      control by X-irradiation.
AB  - Swiss mice drank either distilled water or 0.1% ascorbic acid in distilled water
      for one week prior to and during the experiments. Solid tumors were induced by
      injecting Ehrlich ascites tumor cells i.m. into the hind limb of Swiss male and
      female mice. It was found that the tumor growth was significantly faster in the
      mice that were drinking distilled water. Beginning two days after tumor cell
      injection, the tumor bearing limbs were irradiated every 24 h as follows: a) 6
      exposures of 400 R, 500 R, 600 R, or 700 R each, b) 10 exposures of 400 R each,
      and c) 11 exposures of 400 R each. Our results indicated that when 6 exposures of
      700 R each were given every 24 h to mice drinking distilled water, about 80-85%
      tumor control was achieved; the percent tumor cure was even better in mice
      drinking ascorbic acid in water than in mice drinking water.

PMID- 6811484
TI  - Interactions of ascorbic acid with prostaglandins.
AB  - Samples of blood, urine and ovarian tissues of non-pregnant cycling guinea-pigs
      were obtained from day 3 before until day 2 after oestrus. In addition placental
      specimens were obtained from 49- to 62-day pregnant guinea-pigs. In a separate
      series of experiments blood samples of normally menstruating and dysmenorrhoeic
      women were collected daily during the last one week preceding and the first two
      days of the menstrual cycle. Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed
      simultaneously for ascorbic acid (AA) and prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha.
      The urine and leukocyte samples were estimated for AA only. The results
      demonstrate that the ovarian AA depletion at ovulation is not associated with a
      rise in urinary, plasma or leukocyte levels. From about the 8th week of pregnancy
      in the guinea-pig the placental levels of AA start to decline, while the
      concentrations of PGs start to rise. During the late luteal phase, the plasma of
      normally cycling women has a PGD2 alpha/PGE2 ratio of about 0.6. In the
      dysmenorrhoeic women this ratio varies from 0.9 to 1.3. In addition, the plasma
      and leukocyte levels of AA in the dysmenorrhoeic women are lower than the levels
      found in the normally cycling women. The results of both animal and human studies
      indicate that an inverse relationship exists between the levels of AA and the
      amount of PGF2 alpha synthesized and/or released in the body tissues. It is
      suggested that AA acts to control the ratio between PGF2 alpha and PGE2 and
      therefore forms an integral part of the adenyl/guanylate cyclase system. The
      mechanism for the fall in tissue ascorbic acid is however not known. The results
      suggest that this is due to increased break-down and/or rapid consumption of AA
      in the body tissues. In addition the reduction in placental tissue levels of AA
      near term could be due to its redistribution from maternal to foetal tissues.

PMID- 6811486
TI  - The influence of ascorbic acid on survival of mice following whole body X
      irradiation.
AB  - Two strains of mice (Swiss and CF1), male and female, were used in this study.
      The mice drank either distilled water or 0.1% ascorbic acid in distilled water
      for one week prior to and during the experiments. Mice were irradiated in groups
      of 10; they received total body X-irradiation in a single exposure ranging from
      200 R to 750 R. Time of death was recorded daily while weight changes and volume
      of water consumed were recorded every other day. At the low exposure levels, our
      results indicated that: a) mice drinking ascorbic acid in distilled water died
      about one week earlier than those drinking distilled water only, and b) the LD
      50/30 was higher in mice drinking only distilled water. The differences between
      both groups were noticeable at exposures up to 550 R; at higher exposures, there
      was no difference. This study showed that high levels of ascorbic acid
      potentiated the effect of X-ray whole body irradiation.

PMID- 6811487
TI  - Vitamin C requirements in postoperative patients.
AB  - The postoperative ascorbic acid requirements of 63 surgical patients were
      assessed by measurement of buffy layer leucocyte ascorbic acid and the ascorbic
      acid content of white blood cells. There was a significant reduction in ascorbic
      acid levels following surgery. The postoperative changes were unrelated to the
      extent of surgical trauma or the volume of blood transfused during surgery but
      there was a significant correlation between postoperative ascorbic acid
      measurements and white blood cell counts. It appears that postoperative
      leucocytosis and release by the bone marrow of white blood cells with a low
      ascorbic acid content may partly account for the postoperative changes in buffy
      layer and white blood cell ascorbic acid measurements. However, surgical
      operations were followed by an authentic increase in ascorbic acid requirements,
      and there was a 42 per cent reduction in circulating white blood cell ascorbic
      acid levels on the third postoperative day. The findings of this study create an
      argument for the use of ascorbic acid supplements in surgical patients although
      it is unlikely that postoperative changes in leucocyte ascorbic acid have
      pathologic significance in wound repair.

PMID- 6811490
TI  - Vitamin C-aspirin interactions.
AB  - The effect of soluble aspirin on the availability of vitamin C has been studied
      in guinea-pigs and human subjects. In the human study, the concentrations of
      vitamin C in plasma, leucocytes and urine were found to be markedly elevated at
      various intervals following administration of a single oral dose of 500 mg of the
      vitamin. The vitamin C-associated increases, however, appeared to be blocked when
      the vitamin was given simultaneously with aspirin (900 mg). Similar findings were
      observed in guinea-pigs, where in addition faecal excretion of vitamin C was
      found to be significantly increased when the vitamin was administered together
      with aspirin. These results suggest that aspirin may impede gastrointestinal
      absorption of vitamin C. This hypothesis has been strengthened with in vitro
      studies using everted gut sac preparations where both the serosal/mucosal
      concentration gradient and the uptake of vitamin C per unit weight of intestine
      were markedly lowered by acetyl-salicylate. Such an interaction is relevant to
      the population where vitamin C intake is borderline.

PMID- 6811488
TI  - Immunostimulation by vitamin C.
AB  - A review of the literature shows that vitamin C undoubtedly has a positive effect
      on some mechanisms of the natural resistance against infections as well as on the
      immune response. It is generally accepted that vitamin C increases the chemotaxis
      of granulocytes and of macrophages. There is also ample evidence that vitamin C
      increases the phagocytic activity of granulocytes as well as of macrophages. As
      to the effect of vitamin C on the immune response, the available data allow the
      conclusion that vitamin C is necessary for the induction of delayed
      hypersensitivity, i.e. cellular immunity. Its effect on the antibody production
      appears, however, to be minimal or none. In our previous in vivo studies we
      obtained the results which were consistent with the conclusion that high doses of
      vitamin C increase the efficiency of immunization with a human cell culture
      rabies vaccine in guinea-pigs. The purpose of this study was to establish whether
      relatively low doses (10 mg/kg body weight) of vitamin C have a similar effect as
      megadoses (100 mg/kg body weight). We observed that the efficiency of
      immunization with the human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (Merieux/Lyon)
      was better in the group of guinea-pigs treated with the vaccine plus vitamin C
      (10 mg/kg body weight) than in the group treated with the vaccine alone. The
      difference in the number of survivors in both groups of animals was statistically
      not significant, but considering the factor of repetition (a similar result in
      repeated experiments) we nevertheless conclude that vitamin C acts in the doses
      used as an immunopotentiator.

PMID- 6811489
TI  - Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in hairless mice irradiated with ultraviolet
      light in relation to intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and of D, L-alpha
      tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E).
AB  - We have carried out a study of large malignant skin tumours (squamous-cell
      carcinomas) and other lesions in "hairless" mice (in groups of 45 or 60 mice)
      intermittently exposed to ultraviolet light over a period of 15 weeks, beginning
      when the mice were about 8 weeks old. Various groups were given a standard diet
      (Wayne Lab-Blox) or the same food with added vitamin C or vitamin E throughout
      the study. Lesions, classified by histopathologic study as atypical squamous-cell
      proliferations varying from early actinic keratoses to invasive poorly
      differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas, had begun to develop by the end of the
      period of irradiation. They were counted twice a month for five months. The
      observed fraction of mice that developed lesions during successive time periods
      was analyzed by the statistical method recommended by a committee of the
      International Agency for Research on Cancer. A pronounced effect of vitamin C in
      decreasing the incidence of the malignant lesions was observed with very high
      statistical significance. No significant effect of vitamin E was observed. We
      conclude that vitamin C should be given special attention with respect to the
      relation between diet and cancer.

PMID- 6811491
TI  - Influence of ascorbic acid on the endogenous (intragastral) formation of N
      nitroso compounds.
AB  - N-Nitroso compounds are not only environmentally occurring carcinogens, but can
      also be generated in vivo from their precursors. Nitrosation rates depend on the
      chemical structures of the compounds to be nitrosated, their basicity, the pH
      value of the reaction medium and the availability of nitrosating agents. Yields
      of N-nitroso compounds can be enhanced by catalysts or decreased by inhibitors.
      One of the most potent inhibitors of N-nitrosation is ascorbic acid, which has
      been shown to block formation of N-nitroso compounds very effectively in vitro
      and also in animal experiments at high dosages; alpha-tocopherol seems to be of
      similar effectiveness. In the human situation, ascorbic acid can be applied to
      prevent nitrosamine formation in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the
      pharmacokinetics of the nitrosable compounds also play an important role:
      recirculation of drugs with long half-lives through the bloodstream via the
      salivary glands would need a continuous intake of ascorbic acid as long as the
      drug is present in the plasma, since ascorbic acid practically does not follow
      the blood-saliva circulation process.

PMID- 6811492
TI  - Cost effectiveness and cost benefit of vaccination against pneumococcal
      pneumonia: implications for clinical practice.
AB  - The economic techniques of cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis have
      provided useful insights into the potential advantages of vaccination against
      pneumococcal pneumonia. They suggest that the cost of vaccinating persons 65
      years and older and perhaps younger persons with high risk conditions would be
      reasonable when compared with the cost of treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia.
      These findings, together with other considerations, may guide physicians and
      health care policymakers in deciding which individuals might be expected to
      benefit from pneumococcal vaccination.

PMID- 6811493
TI  - Chronic psychiatric patients in Nigeria: adverse prognostic factors.
AB  - Patients receiving treatment at the Lantoro long-stay psychiatric institution,
      Abeokuta, Nigeria were divided into two groups (short and long-stay) according to
      their duration of stay. The two were compared for factors that could be
      responsible for patients staying more than six months. Social problems
      (criminality), single marital status, and diagnosis of schizophrenia were found
      to be associated with prolonged hospitalization. Lack of post-discharge residence
      and lack of contact with close relatives were factors suggestive of social
      dislocation in long-stay patients. Ways of rehabilitating chronic psychiatric
      patients are suggested.

PMID- 6811494
TI  - Esophagogastric anastomotic leakage.
AB  - Anastomotic leakage of esophagogastric anastomoses can be prevented by
      administering adequate preoperative nutritional support and by employing
      mechanical circular staplers. In a series of 299 intrathoracic anastomoses, 35
      leakages were observed, 11 of which gave asymptomatic radiological findings. In a
      series of 46 cervical anastomoses, nine leakages were observed. In the majority
      of cases conservative treatment was adopted. This is based upon external drainage
      of septic collections, gastric emptying, antibiotics and intensive nutritional
      care. The mortality rate in cases of anastomotic fistulas was 1.74% (6 patients)
      in the patients with esophagogastric anastomoses.

PMID- 6811495
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured human retinal pigmented epithelium from
      normal postmortem donors and a postmortem donor with retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Cultured human retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) synthesized and secreted
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with the characteristics of chondroitin sulfate,
      dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid from radioactive precursors. Cells
      subcultured for up to 18 passages from normal RPE and from the RPE of a patient
      with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa synthesized and secreted the same types and
      proportions of GAGs as primary cultures of normal RPE. Extracts of native human
      interphotoreceptor matrix contained hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate but
      little or no dermatan sulfate, and the chondroitin sulfate  differed in
      electrophoretic mobility and enzyme susceptibility from the chondroitin sulfates
      secreted by cultured RPE. Cultured human choroidal cells and cultured human skin
      fibroblasts secreted a much higher proportion of hyaluronic acid than cultured
      RPE. This study demonstrates that the profile of GAGs synthesized from
      radioactive precursors and secreted by cultured human RPE is a specific and
      stable characteristic of these cells that is retained even after extensive
      proliferation in vitro.

PMID- 6811496
TI  - Brain imaging with emission computed tomography and radiolabeled amines.
AB  - The noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in man has been
      limited to expensive and specialized instrumentation available in only a few
      facilities throughout the world. Radiolabeled amines, such as I-123
      iodoamphetamine, are lipophilic compounds, which are extracted by the brain
      proportional to blood flow. Scintigraphic maps of regional cerebral blood flow
      can therefore be obtained using commercially available radionuclides and standard
      single photon emission computed tomography instrumentation. I-123 iodoamphetamine
      imaging, therefore, permits the detection and assessment of altered perfusion in
      neurologic diseases, such as cerebral infarction and epilepsy. This physiologic
      information complements the anatomic and morphologic information provided by
      transmission computerized tomography.

PMID- 6811498
TI  - Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fourth report of the International
      Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

PMID- 6811497
TI  - Comparison and evaluation of osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption following
      intracarotid mannitol and methylglucamine iothalamate.
AB  - The effect of intracarotid injections of methylglucamine iothalamate has been
      compared with that of mannitol solution of similar osmotic strength. The degree
      and distribution of blood-brain barrier disruption was assessed using Evans' Blue
      dye as a visual marker and by contrast enhancement measured by computer
      tomography (CT) scanner. Evans' Blue staining was found to match CT enhancement
      closely. It was also found that methylglucamine iothalamate injections resulted
      in significantly greater blood-brain barrier permeability. The relevance of these
      findings to chemotherapy of brain tumours is discussed briefly.

PMID- 6811499
TI  - Transfection with the proviral DNA of a type D retrovirus (Mason-Pfizer monkey
      virus).
AB  - Chromosomal DNA was isolated from CMMT cells which were producing Mason-Pfizer
      monkey virus (M-PMV), a type D simian retrovirus. Human embryonic cells were
      transfected with the DNA. About 2 weeks after transfection, 3 of 7 culture dishes
      began to produce M-PMV which could be detected by virus-mediated cell fusion in
      RSb human cells dually transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and simian virus 40,
      reverse transcriptase assay, and electron microscopy. Mock-transfected cultures
      did not produce virus.

PMID- 6811501
TI  - Comparative susceptibilities of 40 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 10
      antipseudomonal antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of 40 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
      10 antipseudomonal antibiotics was determined. Of the strains examined, 100, 90,
      85 and 80% were susceptible to netilmicin, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin,
      respectively; 93, 85 and 72% were susceptible to piperacillin, azlocillin and
      carbenicillin, respectively; and 93, 88 and 84% were susceptible to cefotaxime,
      moxalactam and cefsulodin, respectively. These data confirm that the newer
      antipseudomonal antimicrobial agents are more effective against Ps. aeruginosa
      than the older agents.

PMID- 6811503
TI  - Multiple fracture with a central dislocation of the hip, due to convulsions in
      herpes encephalitis.

PMID- 6811500
TI  - The organization of the efferent projections of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei:
      past, present and future of the anatomical approach.

PMID- 6811502
TI  - Treatment of cardiogenic shock with nitroglycerin infusion and high-frequency
      positive pressure ventilation.
AB  - A patient with chronic obstructive lung disease developed severe cardiopulmonary
      failure following acute myocardial infarction. High frequency positive pressure
      ventilation achieved good ventilation. The hemodynamic status was markedly
      improved when, in addition to dopamine, nitroglycerin was infused into the
      pulmonary artery. Within 24 h the cardiac index increased, and mean pulmonary
      artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased. Pulmonary wedge
      pressure decreased more slowly than the pulmonary artery pressure and to a lesser
      extent. This critically ill patient responded very well to the treatment and was
      discharged in good health after 18 days in the General Intensive Care Unit.
      Intravenous nitroglycerin is a promising drug for the treatment of severe
      cardiopulmonary emergencies and should be tried in patients with chronic lung
      disease and acute cardiac or respiratory failure.

PMID- 6811504
TI  - Dependency issues in long-term treatment of schizophrenia.

PMID- 6811505
TI  - Effect of prednisone on serum and urinary thyroid hormone levels in children
      during the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, and thyroxine binding globulin
      (TBG) were measured in serum and urine, thyrotropin (TSH) only in serum, in
      children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) of less than one month's duration, in
      children with the disease for more than one month and with steroid treatment, and
      in children in total or partial remission. There was a significant decrease in
      serum T4, T3 and TBG in nephrotic children compared to normal children. There was
      no change in free T4 but a slight increase of TSH levels. In urine, there was an
      excretion of TBG and a dramatic loss of T4. When prednisone was without effect on
      the NS, these parameters were very similar in serum and urine, indicating that
      prednisone did not modify thyroid function. During total or partial remission,
      thyroid hormone serum concentrations were lower than normal concentrations, but
      higher than during NS. During partial remission, TBG and T4 losses in the urine
      were lower than during DS. During total remission, the excretion was similar to
      normal excretion. The maximal capacity of TBG in serum was similar to controls;
      no alteration of this protein can explain the decrease of T4 in the serum.

PMID- 6811506
TI  - Uptake of [3H]threonine in human colonic mucosa associated with carcinoma: an
      autoradiographic analysis at the ultrastructural level.
AB  - The uptake of D,L-[G-3H]threonine was studied to show cellular protein synthesis,
      at the ultrastructural level, as part of our investigation into alterations in
      glycoprotein synthesis which occur in colonic mucosa adjacent to carcinoma
      ('transitional' mucosa). Threonine uptake, though variable, was higher in
      'transitional' than in normal mucosa. Most of the threonine was incorporated into
      the endoplasmic reticulum of the immature cells at the bottom of the crypt. With
      longer isotope incubation, activity was found in other organelles in cells which
      were still undifferentiated or immature or both. From our data, the increased
      uptake of [3H]threonine in 'transitional' mucosa, seems to be the result of
      prolonged protein synthesis associated with an extension of the cellular
      proliferation zone in the crypt, rather than being the effect of increased cell
      turnover. Thus, variations in [3H]threonine uptake are not related to the changes
      in the rate of galactose incorporation in mucosa adjacent to carcinoma.

PMID- 6811507
TI  - Microspectrofluorometric characterization of the fluorescent derivatives of
      biogenic amines produced by aqueous aldehyde (Faglu) fixation.
AB  - The fluorescent derivatives of the reaction between an aqueous aldehyde (Faglu)
      solution and the biogenic amines (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and
      noradrenaline) have been examined in the order to determine the conditions
      required for maximal fluorescence yield. The fluorescence intensity and spectra
      of the final reaction products have been characterized and found to be highly
      dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture, Fluorophores derived from
      catecholamines have maximal yield and are most easily characterized when the
      reaction is performed at pH 7.3, whilst those derived from 5-hydroxytryptamine
      have maximal yield and are most readily characterized when the reaction is
      performed at pH 10.0. The addition of potassium ferricyanide to the Faglu further
      enhances the fluorescence yield of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing models and
      tissues at both pH 10.0 and pH 7.3. Using the modified Faglu reaction mixture, it
      has been possible to demonstrate 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central nervous
      system without the need for pharmacological manipulation.

PMID- 6811508
TI  - Immunohistochemical distribution of aldose reductase.
AB  - Aldose reductase (AR) has been purified from canine kidneys, and a monospecific
      antibody against the enzyme prepared. These antibodies were used in an
      immunohistochemical test to detect tissue sites of aldose reductase in the dog, a
      species known to develop diabetic lesions morphologically identical to those seen
      in diabetic patients. Using this method, the enzyme has been demonstrated in
      numerous cell types, including lens epithelium, aortic endothelium and smooth
      muscle, Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, and, in the kidney, interstitial
      cells and cells of Henle's loop and the collecting tubules. Many other cells and
      tissues, including capillaries throughout the body, lack immunoreactive aldose
      reductase. The distribution of the immunoreactive enzyme is compatible with a
      potential role of the enzyme in the aetiology of some complications of diabetes,
      namely cataract, neuropathy, macroangiopathy and renal papillary necrosis, but
      not the microvascular complications.

PMID- 6811509
TI  - Histochemical study of Hurler's disease by the use of peroxidase-labelled
      lectins.
AB  - Peroxidase-labelled lectins specific for various carbohydrate residues were used
      as histochemical reagents in the investigation of Hurler's syndrome. Peanut
      lectin was used to detect terminal D-galactose, wheatgerm lectin for N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine, soybean lectin for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Tetragonolobus lotus
      lectin for alpha-L-fucose and Bandeiraea S. lectin for alpha-D-galactose. It was
      found that Kupffer cells in the liver and splenic reticulo-endothelial cells
      contain acid mucopolysaccharides which bind lectins in paraffin sections after
      appropriate fixation. The pattern of lectin binding suggests that such cells
      contain significant amounts of D-galactose, L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
      and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is likely that the last named carbohydrate is
      present as a polymer. Neurones contain a different carbohydrate, rich in
      galactose and fucose but poor in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This compound is
      resident to lipid extraction. Hepatocytes, as a rule, do not react with lectins,
      most likely because of loss of the more soluble mucopolysaccharides during
      fixation. The results are consistent with the biochemical data of Hurler's
      syndrome and indicate that lectins can be a useful tool for the investigation of
      the cytochemistry of storage disorders.

PMID- 6811510
TI  - Microbial contamination of enteral feeds.

PMID- 6811511
TI  - Early weight gain and glycogen-obligated water during nutritional rehabilitation.
AB  - Early weight gain by starving patients managed with total parenteral nutrition
      has been regarded as spurious - that is, merely an increase in body water. We
      designed an experiment to mimic the starved state in which glycogen stores are
      depleted and sodium intake is very low. The subjects were then repleted with a
      sodium-free, high carbohydrate intake. All subjects who received potassium gained
      weight and switched to a respiratory exchange ratio which suggested mainly
      carbohydrate oxidation. From changes in weight and total body water the weight
      gain was calculated to be the consequence of glycogen storage with 1 g of
      glycogen obligating 3.21 +/- 0.57 g water. Two patients with total dysphagia
      showed a similar pattern. Two subjects who did not receive potassium showed a
      rise in respiratory exchange ratio but failed to store glycogen. Early weight
      gain in patients who received high-carbohydrate feeding after starvation is a
      normal phenomenon and represents a return to a more hydrated state consequent
      upon glycogen repletion.

PMID- 6811512
TI  - Increase in glutamine content of rat midbrain induced by short-term exposure to
      toluene and hexane.

PMID- 6811513
TI  - An enzymatic approach to occupational leukomelanodermatosis due to synthetic
      detergents.

PMID- 6811514
TI  - HLA-DR antigens in Chinese-American families.
AB  - This paper contains results of a study on HLA-DR antigens in Chinese-American
      families. DR2, DR4, DRw9, and DRw6Y were the most common DR specificities
      encountered, and DR1 occurred with the lowest frequency. All recognized DR
      antigens were observed. The frequency of a blank allele was 6.4-12.8%. Weak
      serologic reactions with sera primarily of Caucasian origin were not infrequently
      observed. These findings suggested that ethnic-related antigens were present in
      this population. Two families showed segregation of a new serologic pattern based
      on polyspecific sera. The gene frequencies of the BfF allele and the GLO1 allele
      were low as compared to Caucasians. A method is described for improving the yield
      of viable B cells from frozen B-lymphocyte preparations.

PMID- 6811515
TI  - Association between the MB system and asthma in the Japanese.
AB  - Twenty-three unrelated Japanese patients with asthma who showed a high total
      serum IgE level, a strong skin test response to Dermatophagoides farinae, and a
      high score on a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using Dermatophagoides farinae
      were typed for HLA-A locus, -B locus, and -D region antigens. No significant
      difference in the frequencies of HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens were observed
      between the asthma patients and the healthy controls. A significant difference in
      the frequency of MB3', however, was found between the asthma patients and the
      healthy controls (corrected p = 0.04, relative risk = 18.5).

PMID- 6811516
TI  - Nature of the immunogenic moiety recognized by the human T cell proliferating in
      response to trinitrophenyl-modified self-antigens.

PMID- 6811517
TI  - HLA-DR-associated genetic control of the type of leprosy in a population from
      surinam.
AB  - The relationship between HLA phenotype and leprosy classification was studied in
      73 unrelated patients and 92 healthy controls from a mixed Negroid-Caucasoid
      population originating from Surinam, South America. Heterogeneity in the
      distribution of HLA-DR (but not A, B, and C) was detected between tuberculoid
      (TT* + BT*) leprosy and lepromatous (BL* + LL*) leprosy patients (p = 0.024).
      This heterogeneity appeared to be caused almost exclusively by DR3. Most
      significantly, the frequency of DR3 was increased among polar tuberculoid (TT)
      leprosy patients as compared to the rest of the patients (p = 0.0003). Compared
      with healthy controls the frequency of DR3 was increased among TT patients (p =
      0.006), unchanged in BT patients, and decreased among lepromatous (BL + LL)
      patients (p = 0.027). These data indicate that in this population an DR3
      associated factor controls the type of the disease that develops after infection
      with Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6811518
TI  - A pilot study with ethyl bis (2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphinate (AB-163) and
      radiation therapy.
AB  - Ethyl bis (2,2 dimethyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphinate (AB-163), a TEPA analogue, was
      used with radiation therapy in treating 18 patients with advanced malignancies.
      There were 12 patients with esophageal carcinoma; 3 with adenocarcinomas of the
      gastrointestinal tract; one, squamous carcinoma of the cervix; and one,
      adenocarcinoma of the ovary. One hundred mg/M2 AB-163 was given by rapid i.v.
      drip one half-hour before conventional radiation therapy. The majority of
      patients received 10 combined treatments. Three of those with squamous cell
      carcinomas (two in the esophagus and one in the cervix) remained disease-free for
      more than 2 years. One with liver metastasis and unresectable carcinoma of the
      stomach survived for 9 months. The drug causes side effects mainly involving the
      central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Drug-related myelosuppression
      has not been observed. The mode of action is speculated to be a result of active
      intermediate hydrolysis products which appear capable of phosphorylating X ray
      induced DNA strand damage. However, much additional investigation is required,
      both in vitro and clinically, before its efficacy and safety can be demonstrated.

PMID- 6811519
TI  - An intra-oral cone for an 18 MeV linear accelerator.
AB  - A set of intra-oral cones has been constructed for electron beam therapy from a
      linear accelerator. We have modified the 4 cm X 4 cm treatment accessory provided
      with this machine by simply removing the lower collimator and replacing it with a
      brass plate into which all the cones can fit, so that they are easily
      interchangeable. Six circular cones, with diameters ranging from 27 mm and to 45
      mm, plus two elliptical cones are currently in use. A light field system has been
      built that fits into the acrylic compartment directly above the base, and
      provides a clear, well-illuminated view of the treatment field. The dosimetry for
      these cones shows that the percent depth dose curve for a 41 mm diameter field is
      the same as that obtained with the 4 cm X 4 cm treatment accessory, and that the
      isodose curves are very similar. This intra-oral cone system has been in
      operation for over two years and we have found it very useful in boosting the
      dose to specific primary lesions in the oral cavity, for example, oral tongue,
      floor of mouth, retromolar trigone, and soft palate.

PMID- 6811520
TI  - Recovery from central apnea: effect of stimulus duration and end-tidal CO2
      partial pressure.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of stimulus duration and
      chemosensory input on the recovery of central respiratory activity from apnea
      induced by superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) electrical stimulation. Newborn piglets
      less than 8 days of age were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated
      at differing levels of end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PCO2). The vagi were cut
      bilaterally in the neck. Integrated phrenic nerve activity was used as the index
      of respiratory activity. SLN stimulation caused apnea that persisted after
      stimulus cessation. The length of apnea following stimulus cessation was directly
      related to stimulus duration and inversely related to end-tidal PCO2. After
      apnea, respiratory activity returned gradually to the initial control level. The
      recovery pattern was well described by a linear regression function using the
      natural logarithm of time as the independent variable. Prolonging stimulus
      duration progressively inhibited the amount of initial respiratory activity
      following apnea. On the other hand, the rate of respiratory recovery was
      independent of stimulus duration and, except at low end-tidal PCO2 following long
      (30 s) stimuli, was independent of the end-tidal PCO2 level. These results
      demonstrate that a long-acting central mechanism regulates recovery from apnea
      induced by SLN stimulation.

PMID- 6811521
TI  - Pulmonary and circulatory changes in conscious sheep exposed to 100% O2 at 1 ATA.
AB  - We have measured the effects of normobaric hyperoxia on arterial and mixed venous
      gas tensions, cardiac output, heart rate, right atrial, pulmonary, and aortic
      pressures in 12 conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Regional blood flow to
      brain, heart, kidney, intestines, and respiratory muscles was assessed in five
      sheep by injecting 15-micrometers microspheres labeled with gamma-emitting
      isotopes. Survival time ranged from 60 to 120 h (mean = 80 h). All variables
      except arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) and mixed venous O2 partial pressure
      remained at base-line level during the first 40 h of exposure, after which PaO2
      decreased gradually but remained above 200 Torr at death. After this there was a
      progressive uncompensated respiratory acidosis with terminal arterial CO2 partial
      pressure values exceeding 90 Torr. There was a considerable rise in the brain
      blood flow, whereas flow to the other organs either remained unchanged or
      increased in proportion to cardiac output. Our experiments also showed that
      systemic hyperoxic vasoconstriction did not occur, and any local changes were not
      of sufficient magnitude to affect perfusion.

PMID- 6811522
TI  - Interactions between lung stretch and PaCO2 in modulating ventilatory activity in
      dogs.
AB  - The effects of changes in airway pressure (Paw) and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) on
      ventilatory activity were studied in anesthetized thoracotomized dogs in which
      both lungs were ventilated separately. Pulmonary artery occlusion on one side and
      contralateral vagotomy allowed the reflex effects on ventilation of changes in
      Paw and PaCO2 to be elicited independently of each other. Ventilatory activity
      was assessed from integrated efferent phrenic activity, analyzed with respect to
      burst amplitude (Phr), burst frequency (f), and inspiratory TI) and expiratory
      duration (TE). While Phr increased linearly with PaCO2, it was independent of
      Paw. Both PaCO2 and Paw affected f in a complex nonadditive way; this response
      was entirely mediated by effects on TE, TI being unaffected by either stimulus.
      The analog of ventilation, estimated as Phr x f, increased linearly with PaCO2
      and decreased linearly with Paw, but the effects of both stimuli appeared to be
      additive. It is concluded that the apparently simple effect of Paw and PaCO2 on
      ventilation results from more complex effects these stimuli exert on its
      components.

PMID- 6811523
TI  - Synergism of hyperoxia and high helium pressures in the causation of convulsions.
AB  - Hyperoxia beyond 1.8 ATA results in a striking reduction of high-pressure
      neurological syndrome (HPNS) type I convulsion threshold pressures but is without
      measurable effect on type II convulsions. The synergism is partially or
      completely reversed by increasing alveolar or tissue CO2 levels. High total
      pressures (PI) result in striking reductions in the duration of hyperoxic
      exposure preceding seizure onset (tc). The interaction of hyperoxia and high
      pressure gives rise to three zones on the PO2-Pt plane. In zone I, Pt less than
      30 ATA, the duration of hyperoxia prior to convulsion onset is given by the
      equation PO2 -- PO2 lim = K/(tc -- tc lim), where PO2 lim and tc lim both
      decrease with increasing total pressure. Zone II, Pt = 30-50 ATA and PO2 1.8-2.3
      ATA, is characterized by a sharp drop in tc, as Pt is increased beyond 30 ATA, to
      a value near 15 min that is constant within the PO2 limits given. In zone III, Pt
      greater than 50 ATA and PO2 greater than 0.2 ATA, tc is of the order of 2 min,
      and the seizures are essentially HPNS seizures only slightly modified by
      hyperoxia. The data are interpreted as suggesting that zone I represents
      hyperoxic seizures facilitated by high pressures, whereas zone II represents HPNS
      type I seizures facilitated by hyperoxia.

PMID- 6811524
TI  - Brain extracellular fluid pH and blood flow during isocapnic and hypocapnic
      hypoxia.
AB  - Cerebrovascular responses to 30 min of isocapnic hypoxia [arterial O2 partial
      pressure (PaO2) = 33 +/- 1 Torr; means +/- SE] were examined in eight chloralose
      urethan-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated New Zealand White
      rabbits. Cerebral blood flow (Q) was measured using the radioactive microsphere
      technique. Vascular resistance (R) was calculated from arterial pressure and Q.
      Brain extracellular fluid (ECF) pH was measured continuously in the same animals
      using pH microelectrodes (1- to 2-micrometers tip diameter) placed
      stereotaxically in the diencephalon. Diencephalon Q increased from 40 +/- 2 to 69
      +/- 4 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 (P less than 0.05) as R decreased (P less than 0.05)
      after 4-6 min of isocapnic hypoxia. Total brain Q and R changes resembled those
      of the diencephalon. The ECF pH of the diencephalon increased by 0.016 +/- 0.006
      (P less than 0.05) after 1 min of isocapnic hypoxia and remained significantly
      elevated through the first 20 min of hypoxia. Ten minutes after the return of
      normoxia Q and R were at control levels, whereas diencephalon ECF pH was 0.043 +/
      0.006 below control (P less than 0.05). Five additional rabbits were prepared as
      described above then made hypocapnic [arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) = 21
      +/- 0.3 Torr] for 18 min. Diencephalon and total brain Q and R remained at
      control levels through 12-14 min of hyperventilation, whereas diencephalon ECF pH
      was elevated by 0.03 +/- 0.006 (P less than 0.05). Hyperventilation was then
      continued with hypoxic gas to lower PaO2 to 35 +/- 4 Torr for 30 min. Both
      diencephalon and total brain R decreased (P less than 0.05), with no change in Q
      after 4-6 min of hypocapnic hypoxia. Diencephalon ECF pH was not significantly
      different from control throughout the hypocapnic-hypoxic period. We conclude that
      the early cerebral vasodilation during hypoxia is not mediated by increased brain
      ECF acidity.

PMID- 6811525
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A after strenuous physical exercise at high altitude.
AB  - To examine hemostasis after physical exercise at altitudes easily accessible to
      tourists by public transport, 20 young male volunteers were exposed to 3,457 m
      above sea level. Ten of them were subjected to an exhaustive exercise for about 8
      min on a bicycle ergometer. The preexercise samples (n = 20) taken 1 h after
      arrival showed no significant alteration of coagulation compared with control
      values at 600 m. After the exercise the clotting times (P less than 0.001) and
      euglobulin lysis times (P less than 0.001) were shortened, whereas factor VIII
      activity (P less than 0.001) was elevated. There was, however, no significant
      difference in fibrinopeptide A levels between the exercise and the control group.
      Ethanol gelation test remained negative. We found no rise in fibrin(ogen)
      degradation products and fibrin(ogen) fragment E and thus conclude that there is
      no evidence for clinically relevant intravascular coagulation after short-term
      strenuous physical exercise at altitude.

PMID- 6811526
TI  - Effect of respiratory acidosis on metabolism in exercise.
AB  - Five healthy males took part in two separate studies. In one study subjects
      breathed air (control, C) and in the other 5% CO2 in 21% O2 (respiratory
      acidosis, RA). Measurements were made at rest, during exercise at 30 and 60%
      maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max), (20 min each) and in recovery. RA was associated
      with higher arterial CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) and bicarbonate and lower pH
      than C. The increase with exercise in plasma lactate (mmol . l-1) was less in RA
      than C from 1.0 +/- 0.15 (SE) (C = 1.1 +/- 0.17) at rest to 5.3 +/- 1.25 (C = 6.8
      +/- 0.98) at 60% VO2 max (P less than 0.10). Plasma pyruvate, alanine, and
      glycerol concentrations increased with exercise; free fatty acids did not change.
      There were no significant differences between RA and C in any of these
      metabolites. Norepinephrine concentrations were similar at rest but increased to
      a greater extent during exercise in RA than C (P less than 0.02). Epinephrine
      levels were also higher in RA than C at 60% VO2 max (NS); the two subjects in
      whom lactate was not lower with RA showed the greatest increase in epinephrine.
      Exercise in RA was associated with higher heart rates (P less than 0.05), blood
      pressures (NS), and ventilation (P less than 0.01). In hypercapnia the metabolic
      effects of acidosis are modified by increased levels of circulating
      catecholamines.

PMID- 6811527
TI  - Inhibition of aortic chemoreceptor responses by metabolic alkalosis in the cat.
AB  - The responses of the same aortic chemoreceptor afferents to steady-state
      isocapnic hypoxia and to hypercapnia on hyperoxia, before and after the induction
      of metabolic alkalosis, were investigated in 12 anesthetized cats. Metabolic
      alkalosis was achieved by intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate in the
      average dose of 7 mmol . kg-1. On the average, arterial pH (pHa) increased from
      7.383 to 7.650 at an arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) of 30 Torr. The
      increase in pHa resulted in a decrease in chemoreceptor activity, the effect
      being greater at a lower arterial O2 partial pressure. Increases in PaCO2 during
      hyperoxia resulted in an increased activity of the chemoreceptors both before and
      after NaHCO3 injection. The stimulatory effect of hypercapnia, however, was
      attenuated by metabolic alkalosis. At a constant PaCO2, decreases in arterial
      [H+] by the NaHCO3 administration caused an approximately linear decrease in the
      chemoreceptor activity. At a constant arterial [H+], higher PaCO2 was associated
      with a slightly greater activity of the chemoreceptors. These results indicate
      that the major effect of CO2 is mediated by [H+], but there appears to be another
      mechanism, albeit small, for the effect of CO2.

PMID- 6811528
TI  - Comparison of human vocal cord movements during isocapnic hypoxia and
      hypercapnia.
AB  - Respiratory vocal cord movements were analyzed in healthy human subjects during
      air breathing and in isocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia. In the majority of
      experiments, expiratory glottic narrowing was substantially greater during
      hypoxia than during hypercapnia. Because ventilations were carefully matched
      under these two conditions, it is concluded that hypoxic stimulation of
      peripheral chemoreceptors favors expiratory glottic narrowing and leads to a
      relatively high laryngeal airflow resistance. In contrast, hypercapnia is
      accompanied by low expiratory laryngeal resistance. Similar rates of expiratory
      airflow with these two stimuli must be achieved by different balances of the
      factors that determine this flow.

PMID- 6811529
TI  - Ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia during sleep in
      adults.
AB  - Ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were measured in
      eight normal subjects (5 women, 3 men, ages 22-27 yr) during wakefulness (W),
      slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM). Ventilatory responses
      to progressive isocapnic hypoxia were measured as k, the slope of the line
      relating the logarithm of incremental ventilation to alveolar O2 partial pressure
      (PAO2) and as the incremental ventilation at PAO2 = 40 Torr delta V 40. Values
      for k (mean +/- SE) were 40.5 +/- 2.4 Torr during W, 42.1 +/- 2.5 during SWS, and
      29.9 +/- 2.3 (5 subj) during REM (P less than 0.02 vs. W). Comparable values for
      delta V 40 were 5.4 +/- 0.3, 6.3 +/- 1.0, and 5.4 +/- 0.31/min. Hypoxia increased
      heart rate 19 +/- 1.3% during W, 18 +/- 1.8% during SWS, and 15 +/- 2.2% during
      REM. Ventilatory responses to rebreathing CO2 (6 subj) were 1.7 +/- 0.3 1 X min-1
      X Torr-1 during W and 1.3 +/- 0.2 during SWS. Hypercapnia consistently produced
      arousal from sleep in all eight subjects at levels between 6 and 15 Torr (11.2 +/
      1.1) above resting alveolar CO2 partial pressure. No consistent arousal was
      noted during hypoxia. Arousal occurred in 87% of the CO2-rebreathing tests
      compared with only 28% of the progressive isocapnic hypoxia tests (P less than
      0.001). We conclude that ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia and
      ventilatory responses to hypercapnia are not significantly altered by SWS.
      Arousal from sleep during hypercapnia is reproducible and predictable, but there
      is no consistent arousal during hypoxia.

PMID- 6811530
TI  - Pulmonary stretch receptor discharge patterns in eupnea, hypercapnia, and
      hypoxia.
AB  - The discharge properties of pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR) were studied in
      spontaneously breathing, pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats. During eupneic
      breathing, 105 of 116 PSR (both tonically and phasically active) were recruited
      in the first third of inspiration; none were recruited in the last third. Linear
      equations adequately expressed the relation between instantaneous discharge
      frequency and inspired volume in eupnea. During CO2 rebreathing, both tidal
      volume and peak PSR discharge frequency were inversely related to inspiratory
      duration. At fixed volumes less than 40 ml above functional residual capacity,
      instantaneous PSR discharge frequency either did not change or decreased with
      increases in flow. Above 40 ml, increases in discharge frequency accompanied
      increases in flow (0.033 spikes/s per ml/s). During progressive hypocapnic
      hypoxia, discharge frequency increased, on average, at all volumes with increases
      in flow (0.206 spikes/s per ml/s). During both conditions, as with eupnea,
      increases in frequency were linearly related to increments in tidal volume.
      Therefore, tidal volume alone can be used to estimate PSR feedback to the
      respiratory centers, provided that its instantaneous value is appropriately
      scaled to account for the different effects of CO2 and hypocapnic hypoxia on PSR
      discharge.

PMID- 6811531
TI  - Leucine and urea metabolism in acute human cold exposure.
AB  - Four healthy males voluntarily underwent acute cold exposure at 10 degrees C.
      Metabolic rate doubled for the 100-min exposure. [1-13C]leucine and [15N2]urea
      were used as tracers of protein metabolism via a primed constant infusion. Total
      and plasma transported leucine oxidation approximately doubled, but the oxidation
      of leucine derived from protein in the tissue where oxidation occurred
      ("intracellular oxidation") did not change as it did when the same subjects
      underwent mild exercise. Rate of appearance of urea and leucine in plasma were
      not significantly different between control and cold. Although the rate of
      protein synthesis calculated from the leucine data did not change, the rate of
      catabolism increased. Net protein catabolism based on the urea data agreed well
      with the leucine data at rest but did not exhibit a significant increase during
      exposure. However, net protein catabolism based on the leucine data did increase
      significantly during acute cold exposure. Further, there appears to be a
      qualitative difference in the protein catabolism associated with the voluntary
      muscular activity of exercise and muscular shivering aimed at thermogenesis.

PMID- 6811532
TI  - Analysis of the effects of hematocrit on pulmonary CO2 transfer.
AB  - A mathematical model of the chemical and transport events in blood during and
      after gas exchange has been used to examine the rates of CO2 excretion (Vco2) and
      O2 uptake (Vo2) in the lung at different levels of hematocrit (Hct), assuming
      fixed mixed venous blood O2 and CO2 contents and alveolar gases and constant
      cardiac output. The results show that a reduction in Hct from 45 to 30% leads to
      approximately 25% reduction in Vco2 compared with approximately 30% reduction in
      Vo2. Reduction of Hct from 45 to 15% results in approximately 50% reduction in
      Vco2 and approximately 63% reduction in Vo2. An increase in Hct from 45 to 60%
      results in approximately 25% increase in Vco2, accompanied by approximately 30%
      increase in Vo2. These fractional changes in gas exchange are only slightly
      affected by the extent of catalysis of the plasma CO2-H2CO3 hydration-dehydration
      reactions in the pulmonary vasculature. The reduction in Vco2 with reductions in
      Hct are due to 1) decrease in the total quantity of Bohr protons released during
      diminution of Vo2, 2) decrease in the size of the high buffer capacity
      intraerythrocytic pool, and 3) decrease in the total surface area available for
      HCO-3/Cl- exchange across the red cell membrane. We conclude that hitherto
      unrecognized changes in Vco2 (in addition to the well-known changes in Vo2) may
      occur as a consequence of alterations in Hct.

PMID- 6811533
TI  - Acid-base, metabolic, and ventilatory responses to repeated bouts of exercise.
AB  - Acid-base, metabolic, and ventilatory responses to repeated bouts of exercise
      were examined. Ten male subjects performed two (T1, T2) 5-min work tests, on a
      cycle ergometer, separated by a 25-min rest. The results indicate the following.
      1) T2 appears to have a larger aerobic energy component than T1, due to the fact
      that cumulative O2 uptake (Vo2) was significantly larger for T2 and that the
      immediate postexercise lactic acid (HLa) and delta HLa values were both
      significantly smaller for T2.2) CO2 production (Vco2) and the respiratory
      exchange ratio were both significantly lower for T2. This is probably due to
      greater fat metabolism and less nonmetabolic CO2 being produced from bicarbonate
      (HCO-3) buffering of HLa during T2.3) Even though Vco2 was significantly lower
      during T2, minute ventilation (VE) was not significantly different between T1 and
      T2. This suggests that the ventilatory response during exercise cannot be solely
      mediated via CO2 flux to the lungs. 4) HLa removal and (HCO-3) regeneration
      appear to be sequentially linked together as indicated by the almost identical
      mirror image and significant -0.93 correlation. In conclusion, it appears that a
      bout of high-intensity exercise (T1) can alter the acid-base and metabolic
      responses seen during subsequent performance (T2).

PMID- 6811534
TI  - Constant-flow ventilation of apneic dogs.
AB  - The adequacy of constant airway gas flow sustenance of arterial blood gas
      tensions was investigated in anesthetized-paralyzed mongrel dogs. Gas delivery
      was achieved via a main-stem bronchi cannulation system constructed of two
      polyethylene tubes bifurcating at the carina, which rested on the posterior
      surface of the trachea outside of an endotracheal tube positioned in the upper
      third of the trachea. Equal flows (total flow = Vin) of humidified air were
      delivered through each limb of the cannulation system at constant flow rates with
      Vin ranging from 8 to 28 l/min. Intratracheal pressures at these flows
      characteristically ranged from 0.1 to 1 cmH2O. Arterial O2 tension varied
      directly (PaO2 = 0.72 Vin + 74.6), and arterial CO2 tension varied inversely
      (PaCO2 = -0.73 Vin + 51.2) with Vin during ambient gas, constant-flow ventilation
      (CFV). During prolonged CFV (greater than 2 h), no evidence of CO2 accumulation
      or deterioration of PaO2, was observed. This study demonstrates that in apneic
      dogs normal blood gases can be achieved and maintained over prolonged periods
      with constant airway flow at low intratracheal pressures.

PMID- 6811535
TI  - Lactose intolerance in the adolescent.

PMID- 6811536
TI  - Serologic surveillance of Louisiana goats for antibody to Mycoplasma mycoides
      subspecies mycoides.

PMID- 6811537
TI  - Clinical and clinicopathologic features of transport tetany of feedlot lambs.
AB  - Clinical and clinicopathologic features of transport tetany in 9 feedlot lambs
      were investigated. The lambs became recumbent within 10 days after arrival in the
      feedlot. The mean serum calcium concentration, mean magnesium concentration, and
      calcium:phosphorus ratio were significantly (P less than 0.01) less in affected
      lambs than in 6 unaffected lambs from the same feedlot. The mean serum phosphorus
      concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the group of
      affected lambs. High activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,
      creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of affected lambs
      indicated muscle necrosis, which was confirmed by histologic examination. Blood
      pH, HCO-3, and total carbon dioxide were significantly greater in affected lambs
      (P less than 0.01) than in unaffected lambs.

PMID- 6811538
TI  - Pharmacological studies on carbapenem antibiotics. I. Metabolism of PS-5 in
      animal tissues.
AB  - After injection into mice and dogs, PS-5 showed a very rapid decrease in its
      blood concentration, compared with cefazolin. Using in vitro experiments with
      tissue homogenates and acetone powder preparations, the kidney was found to be
      the primary site of PS-5-inactivation, although the extent of the inactivation
      varied depending on the species of animals. The comparative stability data of PS
      5, NS-5 (deacetylated PS-5), thienamycin and N-formimidoylthienamycin in kidney
      homogenates of mouse, rabbit, dog and man are presented. Bilateral nephrectomy
      and the injection of ethylenediaminetetraacetate seemed to prolong the survival
      time of PS-5 in rats and mice respectively.

PMID- 6811539
TI  - Pharmacological studies on carbapenem antibiotics. II. Isolation of a PS-5
      inactivating factor from the rat kidney.
AB  - A factor responsible for the in vivo metabolism of PS-5 was isolated from the
      microsomal fraction of the rat kidney. This factor, which did not attack
      penicillins and cephalosporins, was enzymologically identified with particle
      bound renal dipeptidase. Under the action of this factor, PS-5 was inactivated to
      give three products designated PS-5D I, PS-5D II and PS-5D III.

PMID- 6811540
TI  - Endocrine patterns in the postpartum beef cow associated with weaning: a
      comparison of the short and subsequent normal cycles.
AB  - Levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
      progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were measured in five Polled Hereford cows.
      Blood samples were collected once or twice daily for 5 d, then every 6 h from 1 d
      before weaning (d 28 to 38 postpartum) until 10 d after the second postweaning
      estrus. Blood samples were again collected at daily intervals until the third
      postweaning estrus. All cows exhibited estrus within 4 d after weaning, a second
      estrus 8 to 10 d after the first and a third estrus 16 to 23 d after the second.
      All cows had peaks in serum concentrations of LH during the first (22.6 to 81.7
      ng/ml) and second (4.4 to 149.0 ng/ml) postweaning estrus. Mean levels of LH in
      serum during the peak and the area under the LH curve during the first and second
      postweaning estrus did not differ. Serum levels of LH and FSH during the first 4
      d of the short cycle did not differ from LH and FSH levels the first 4 d of the
      subsequent normal cycle. Levels of LH in serum for 4 d before the first LH surge,
      associated with the first postweaning estrus, did not differ from levels of LH
      found 4 d before the second Lh surge, associated with the second postweaning
      estrus. However, serum levels of FSH during the 4 d before the first ovulatory LH
      surge were lower (P = .05) than those observed during the 4-d period before the
      second ovulatory surge of LH. Progesterone levels were similar the first 6 d
      after the first and second estrous periods, but were lower after d 6 of the first
      (short) cycle than after d 6 of the second (normal) cycle. Estradiol peaks of 1.2
      to 2.8 pg/ml were detected during the first postweaning estrus and 1.4 to 12.5
      pg/ml during the second postweaning estrus, but due to the variability among cows
      mean levels of estradiol during first estrus did not differ from second estrus.
      These data agree with previous reports that postpartum anestrous cows had short
      cycles if they exhibit estrus in response to weaning. The early decline of
      progesterone after the first estrus apparently did not stem from lack of LH in
      serum, but the lower levels of FSH observed before this first ovulation may have
      been an important factor contributing to the reduced life span of the subsequent
      corpus luteum.

PMID- 6811541
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa Id beta-lactamase and cephaloridine.

PMID- 6811542
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal surgery.

PMID- 6811543
TI  - Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cell cultures by aroclors,
      residues from yusho oil samples, and polychlorinated biphenyl residues from fish
      samples.
AB  - Four Aroclor reference materials, cleaned-up extracts of 2 yusho rice oil
      samples, and cleaned-up extracts of 3 fish samples containing polychlorinated
      biphenyl (PCB) residues were tested for their ability to induce aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) activity in a rat hepatoma cell line. Before the AHH bioassay,
      the samples were fractionated by a Florisil column chromatographic method. All
      samples contained about 1000 micrograms PCBs before Florisil column
      chromatography. The first Florisil eluate contains about 95% of the PCBs in a
      typical Aroclor, and the second contains the more polar or adsorbent PCB
      congeners. In this study, the first eluate for all samples produced no
      quantifiable AHH activity. The second Florisil eluates of both Aroclors 1242 and
      1248 induced AHH activity, whereas these eluates of both Aroclors 1254 and 1260
      did not. This difference may be due to the presence in Aroclors 1242 and 1248 of
      3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, which has not been detected in Aroclors 1254 and
      1260. The second Florisil eluates of the fish samples induced somewhat less AHH
      activity than did Aroclor 1242 or 1248. The second Florisil eluates of the PCB
      residues from yusho rice oil samples induced significantly greater AHH activity
      than these eluates of either Aroclor 1242 or 1248, perhaps because yusho rice oil
      contains a greater amount of polychlorinated dibenzofurans than PCB commercial
      mixtures on a PCB equivalent basis.

PMID- 6811544
TI  - International mycotoxin check sample program: Part I. Report on laboratory
      performance for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in raw peanut
      meal, deoiled peanut meal, and yellow corn meal.
AB  - Three aflatoxin-contaminated samples (raw peanut meal, deoiled peanut meal, and
      yellow corn meal) were analyzed by 121 laboratories in 31 countries. Sufficient
      data were obtained to permit a statistical comparison of the performance of
      laboratories using the BF, CB, and EEC methods and those using high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitation. No significant differences were
      found between means for laboratories using these 4 methods for the analysis of
      raw peanut meal or yellow corn meal. However, for deoiled peanut meal, means were
      significantly different for laboratories using the BF method compared with the CB
      or EEC methods for B1 and B2, and for laboratories using the CB method compared
      with HPLC methods for G2.

PMID- 6811545
TI  - International mycotoxin check sample program: Part II. Report on laboratory
      performance for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk.
AB  - A sample of aflatoxin M1-contaminated lyophilized cow's milk was analyzed by 80
      laboratories in 30 countries. Sufficient data were obtained to permit a
      statistical comparison of the performance of laboratories using AOAC methods I
      and II and those using high performance liquid chromatography for quantitation. A
      significant difference was noted between means for laboratories using AOAC method
      I as opposed to those using HPLC methods. Overall reproducibility (between- plus
      within-laboratory precision) was best for laboratories using HPLC methods and
      poorest for those using AOAC method II.

PMID- 6811546
TI  - Aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in the tissues of pigs receiving aflatoxin.
AB  - Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxins B1 and M1 were found in tissues (kidney, liver,
      and muscle) of feeder pigs given an estimated LD50 oral dose of B1 (1.0 mg/kg
      body weight) provided as a rice culture of Aspergillus flavus and of market
      weight pigs fed a naturally contaminated feed, containing aflatoxin B1 at a level
      of 400 ng/g from corn, for 14 days. The residues in all tissues decreased with
      time after treatment in both groups, with no detectable residues (approximate
      detection limits, ng/g, B1 0.03, M1 0.05, AFL 0.01) in pig tissues from the
      feeding experiment 24 h after withdrawal of aflatoxin-contaminated feed. B1 and
      M1, when found in the feeding experiment, were at about the same levels in all
      tissues except the kidney, in which M1 was the dominant aflatoxin. The level of
      AFL, when detected, was about 10% of the B1 level.

PMID- 6811547
TI  - Reconstitution of succinate dehydrogenase in Bacillus subtilis by protoplast
      fusion.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is composed of two unequal
      subunits designated Fp (Mr, 65,000) and Ip (Mr. 28,000). The enzyme is
      structurally and functionally complexed to cytochrome b 558 (Mr, 19,000) in the
      membrane. A total of 21 B. subtilis SDH-negative mutants were isolated. The
      mutants fall into five phenotypic classes with respect to the presence and
      localization of the subunits of the SDH-cytochrome b558 complex. One class
      contains mutants with an inactive membrane-bound complex. Membrane-bound
      enzymatically active SDH could be reconstituted in fused protoplasts of selected
      pairs of SDH-negative mutants. Most likely reconstitution is due to the assembly
      of preformed subunits in the fused cells. On the basis of the reconstitution
      data, the mutants tested could be divided into three complementation groups. The
      combined data of the present and previous work indicate that the complementation
      groups correspond to the structural genes for the three subunits of the membrane
      bound SDH-cytochrome b558 complex. A total of 31 SDH-negative mutants of B.
      subtilis have now been characterized. The respective mutations all map in the
      citF locus at 255 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosomal map. In the present
      paper, we have revised the nomenclature for the genetics of SDH in B. subtilis.
      All mutations which give an SDH-negative phenotype will be called sdh followed by
      an isolation number. The designation citF will be omitted, and the citF locus
      will be divided into three genes: sdhA, sdhB, and sdhC. Mutations in sdhA affect
      cytochrome b558, mutations in sdhB affect Fp, and mutations in sdhC affect Ip.

PMID- 6811548
TI  - Transformation-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis impaired in competence
      specific nuclease activities.
AB  - A comparison of the nucleolytic activities in competent and physiologically low
      competent wild-type cultures of Bacillus subtilis in DNA-containing sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed the existence of three competence
      associated nuclease activities with apparent molecular weights of 13,000, 15,000,
      and 26,000. The three activities, which were dependent on manganese or magnesium
      ions, were specifically present in the competent fraction of a competent culture.
      The competence-associated nucleolytic activities of eight transformation
      defective mutant strains were assayed, resulting in the following three classes
      of mutants: (i) four strains which, according to this assay, were not impaired in
      any of the nucleolytic activities mentioned above; (ii) one strain which was
      strongly impaired in the 13,000- and 26,000-molecular-weight activities, but
      showed a considerable level of the 15,000-molecular-weight activity; and (iii)
      three strains which were severely impaired in all three activities. The results
      indicated that the 26,000-molecular-weight activity was a dimer of the 13,000
      molecular-weight activity and that this nuclease was involved in the entry of
      DNA.

PMID- 6811549
TI  - Involvement of oxygen-sensitive pyruvate formate-lyase in mixed-acid fermentation
      by Streptococcus mutans under strictly anaerobic conditions.
AB  - Streptococcus mutans JC2 produced formate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate when
      suspensions were incubated with an excess of galactose or mannitol under strictly
      anaerobic conditions. The galactose- or mannitol-grown cell suspensions produced
      more formate, acetate, and ethanol than the glucose-grown cells even when
      incubated with glucose. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate were not significantly different in these cells, but the level of
      pyruvate formate-lyase was higher in the galactose- or mannitol-grown cells, and
      that of triose phosphate was lower in the galactose-grown cells. This suggests
      that the regulation of pyruvate formate-lyase may play a major role in the change
      of the fermentation patterns. The cells of S. mutans grown on glucose produced a
      significant amount of volatile products even in the presence of excess glucose
      under strictly anaerobic conditions. However, when the anaerobically grown cells
      were exposed to air, only lactate was produced from glucose. When cells were
      anaerobically grown on mannitol and then exposed to air for 2 min, only trace
      amounts of fermentation products were formed from mannitol under anaerobic
      conditions. It was found that the pyruvate formate-lyase in the cells was
      inactivated by exposure of the cells to air.

PMID- 6811550
TI  - Membrane-DNA attachment sites in Streptococcus faecalis cells grown at different
      rates.
AB  - The M-band technique was used to assess the number of attachment points of DNA to
      the cell membrane of Streptococcus faecalis grown at three different rates. Cells
      were X irradiated in liquid nitrogen and then analyzed simultaneously for the
      introduction of double-strand breaks into the chromosome and the degree of
      removal of DNA from the cell membrane (M band). Consideration of the data from
      these experiments and of the topology of the bacterial chromosome resulted in a
      reevaluation of former quantitative models. Our results are consistent with a
      semiquantitative model in which the bacterial chromosome is organized around a
      core structure. We interpret our data to mean that the core is attached to the
      membrane and that the complexity of the core changes more drastically with growth
      rate than does the number of membrane-DNA attachment points. An alternative model
      in which RNA hybridizes with DNA containing single- and double-strand breaks is
      also discussed. In any event, the complexity of these interactions precludes a
      reliable estimate of the number of membrane-DNA attachment sites.

PMID- 6811551
TI  - Pathway of lysine degradation in Fusobacterium nucleatum.
AB  - Lysine was fermented by Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 with the formation of
      about 1 mol each of acetate and butyrate. By the use of [1-14C]lysine or [6
      14C]lysine, acetate and butyrate were shown to be derived from both ends of
      lysine, with acetate being formed preferentially from carbon atoms 1 and 2 and
      butyrate being formed preferentially from carbon atoms 3 to 6. This indicates
      that the lysine carbon chain is cleaved between both carbon atoms 2 and 3 and
      carbon atoms 4 and 5, with the former predominating [1-14C]acetate was also
      extensively incorporated into butyrate, preferentially into carbon atoms 3 and 4.
      Cell-free extracts of F. nucleatum were shown to catalyze the reactions of the 3
      keto,5-aminohexanoate pathway of lysine degradation, previously described in
      lysine-fermenting clostridia. The 3-keto,5-aminohexanoate cleavage enzyme was
      partially purified and shown to have properties much like those of the
      clostridial enzyme. We conclude that both the pathway and the enzymes of lysine
      degradation are similar in F. nucleatum and lysine-fermenting clostridia.

PMID- 6811552
TI  - Phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: purification
      and preliminary characterization.
AB  - Phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) was purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      culture supernatants to near homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation
      followed by a novel application of DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Enzymatic
      activity remained associated with DEAE-Sephacel even in the presence of 1 M NaCl,
      but was eluted with a linear gradient of 0 to 5% tetradecyltrimethylammonium
      bromide. Elution from DEAE-Sephacel was also obtained with 2%
      lysophosphatidylcholine, and to a lesser extent with 2% phosphorylcholine, but
      not at all with choline. The enzyme was highly active toward phospholipids
      possessing substituted ammonium groups (e.g., phosphatidycholine,
      lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin); however, it had little if any
      activity toward phospholipids lacking substituted ammonium groups (e.g.,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphaditylglycerol).
      Collectively, these data suggest that phospholipase C from P. aeruginosa exhibits
      high affinity for substituted ammonium groups, but requires an additional
      hydrophobic moiety for optimum binding. The specific activity of the purified
      enzyme preparation increased 1,900-fold compared with that of culture
      supernatants. The molecular weight of the phospholipase C was estimated to be
      78,000 by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography and was 76,000 by high-performance size
      exclusion chromatography. The isoelectric point was 5.5. Amino acid analysis
      showed that phospholipase C was rich in glycine, serine, threonine, aspartyl,
      glutamyl, and aromatic amino acids, but was cystine free.

PMID- 6811554
TI  - Interference of plasmid pCM194 with lysogeny of bacteriophage SP02 in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - Three observations indicated that the 2-megadalton chloramphenicol resistance
      plasmid pCM194 interferes with SP02 lysogeny of Bacillus subtilis. SP02 plaques
      formed on B. subtilis(pCM194) appeared almost clear, whereas plaques produced on
      plasmid-free or pUB110-containing cells contained large turbid centers. The
      number of phages spontaneously liberated by B. subtilis(SP02) was increased 10
      fold or more when pCM194 was also present in the lysogens. Lastly, growth of B.
      subtilis(SP02, pCM194) for approximately 20 to 25 generations resulted in
      essentially complete loss of the prophage. This interference was not observed
      with pUB110 or pE194, and the pCM194 interference was not directed against B.
      subtilis temperate phage phi 105, which is unrelated to SP02. Lytic replication
      of SP02 appeared to be unaffected by pCM194. pCM194 interference with SP02
      lysogeny was demonstrable in recombination-proficient strains and a recE mutant
      of B. subtilis. SP02 prophage which were noninducible due to the phage ind
      mutation were resistant to pCM194 interference. pCM194 interference was lost when
      the entire pCM194 molecule was joined at its unique HpaII site or at one of the
      two MboI sites to pUB110 or pUB110 derivatives. pBR322 joined to pCM194 at the
      same MboI site or at the HindIII site produced chimeras that retained the ability
      to interfere with SP02 lysogeny. A three-part plasmid constructed by joining
      pBR322 to pCM194 (at HindIII sites) and to pE194 (at PstI sites) was compatible
      with the SP02 prophage and showed a temperature-sensitive replication phenotype
      characteristic of the pE194 replicon. One explanation for the interference
      involves competition for a host component between an SP02 genome attempting to
      establish lysogeny and plasmids whose replication is directed by the pCM194
      replicon.

PMID- 6811553
TI  - Unstable association in vitro between donor and recipient DNA in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - In addition to stable donor-recipient DNA complexes, unstable complexes between
      donor and recipient DNA were formed in vitro with Bacillus subtilis. Whereas the
      stable complexes survived CsCl gradient centrifugation at pH 11.2 and phenol plus
      sodium p-aminosalicylate extraction with 0.17 M NaCl, the unstable complexes
      dissociated during these manipulations. The donor moiety from the unstable
      complexes remained associated with the recipient DNA during phenol plus sodium p
      aminosalicylate treatment at 0.85 M NaCl. The unstable complexes could be
      stabilized artificially by cross-linking with 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen.
      Dissociation of the complexes during CsCl gradient centrifugation could be
      prevented by centrifuging at pH 10. Heterologous DNA fragments derived from phage
      H1 DNA appeared to be unable to form complexes with the recipient B. subtilis
      DNA. Unstable complexes were also formed with Escherichia coli DNA, although
      under all conditions tested, more complex was detectable by using homologous B.
      subtilis DNA.

PMID- 6811556
TI  - Recombination properties of P1 dlac.
AB  - The P1 dlac prophage plasmid of Escherichia coli K-12 has been utilized as the
      recipient DNA substrate in experiments with lambda plac5 transduction and with
      Hfr and F' conjugation. The P1 dlac plasmid does not recombine with lambda plac5
      at the elevated levels seen for the F42lac plasmid. Recombination between lambda
      plac5 and P1 dlac is essentially indistinguishable from recombination between
      lambda plac5 and a chromosomal lac gene in tems of both level of recombination
      and recombination pathway (RecBC, RecE, and RecF) dependence. The initiation of
      recombination between P1 dlac and lac genes from an Hfr or F' donor is
      severalfold more efficient than it is for a recipient chromosomal lac gene.

PMID- 6811555
TI  - Glyceride-cysteine lipoproteins and secretion by Gram-positive bacteria.
AB  - The membrane penicillinases of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus are
      lipoproteins with N-terminal glyceride thioether modification identical to that
      of the Escherichia coli outer membrane lipoprotein. They are readily labeled with
      [3H]palmitate present during exponential growth. At the same time, a few other
      proteins in each organism become labeled and can be detected by fluorography
      after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total membrane
      proteins. We distinguish these proteins from the O-acyl proteolipids by
      demonstrating the formation of glyceryl cysteine sulfone after performic acid
      oxidation and hydrolysis of the protein. By this criterion, B. licheniformis and
      B. cereus contain sets of lipoproteins larger in average molecular weight than
      that of E. coli. Members of the sets probably are under a variety of
      physiological controls, as indicated by widely differing relative labeling
      intensity in different media. The set in B. licheniformis shares with membrane
      penicillinase a sensitivity to release from protoplasts by mild trypsin
      treatment, which suggests similar orientation on the outside of the membrane. At
      least one protein is the membrane-bound partner of an extracellular hydrophilic
      protein, the pair being related as membrane and exopenicillinases are. We propose
      that the lipoproteins of gram-positive organisms are the functional equivalent of
      periplasmic proteins in E. coli and other gram-negative bacteria, prevented from
      release by anchorage to the membrane rather than by a selectively impermeable
      outer membrane.

PMID- 6811557
TI  - Attenuation regulation in the thr operon of Escherichia coli K-12: molecular
      cloning and transcription of the controlling region.
AB  - Recombinant plasmids were constructed which carry defined regions of the
      threonine (thr) operon regulatory region of Escherichia coli. In vitro
      transcription experiments utilizing plasmid or restriction fragment templates
      showed that two major RNA transcripts, which differ in length by one to a few
      bases, are transcribed from this region. The approximate length of the
      transcripts is 150 to 170 bases, and the site(s) of termination is near or within
      the thr attenuator. The efficiency of termination at the thr operon attenuator in
      vitro is approximately 90%. A regulatory mutation, thr79-20, which is a G-C
      insertion in the attenuator, reduces the frequency of transcription termination
      to 75%. In addition, in vivo RNA transcripts were identified which hybridize to
      the thr operon regulatory region. These transcripts appeared to be identical to
      the two major in vitro transcripts as judged by their mobilities on 8%
      polyacrylamide-8 M urea gels. This result indicates that the thr operon
      regulatory region is transcribed in vivo and that termination occurs near or
      within the thr attenuator.

PMID- 6811558
TI  - A decrease in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity increases the probability
      of spontaneous sporulation.
AB  - Starting with a relaxed (relA) strain, mutants with reduced activity of adenosine
      triphosphate:L-methionine S-adenosyl transferase (EC 2.5.1.6; SAM synthetase)
      were isolated in Bacillus subtilis. One such mutant (gene symbol metE1) had only
      3% of the normal SAM synthetase activity but grew almost as well as the parent
      strain. Another mutant was isolated (gene symbol spdC1) as being able to
      sporulate continually at a high frequency; it had one-half the normal SAM
      synthetase activity at 33 degrees C. Both mutants continually and spontaneously
      entered spore development at a higher frequency than the parent strain in a
      medium containing excess glucose, ammonium ions, and phosphate. Sporulation was
      prevented by a high concentration of SAM (1 mM or more) or by the combination of
      adenosine and methionine (0.5 mM or more each), both of which are precursors of
      SAM. In contrast to this continual increase in the spore titer, addition of
      decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, rapidly initiated massive
      sporulation. Various amino acid analogs also induced sporulation in the relA
      strain, the methionine analogs ethionine and selenomethionine being most
      effective.

PMID- 6811559
TI  - Cloning of a phosphate-regulated hemolysin gene (phospholipase C) from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a phosphate
      (P(i))-regulated extracellular protein which may be a significant virulence
      factor of this organism. The gene for this hemolytic enzyme was cloned on a 4.1
      megadalton (Mdal) fragment from a BamHI digest of P. aeruginosa PAO1 genomic DNA
      and was inserted into the BamHI sites of the multicopy Escherichia coli(pBR322)
      and P. aeruginosa(pMW79) vectors. The E. coli and P. aeruginosa recombinant
      plasmids were designated pGV26 and pVB81, respectively. A restriction map of the
      4.1-Mdal fragment from pGV26 was constructed, using double and single digestions
      with BamHI and EcoRI and several different restriction enzymes. Based on
      information from this map, a 2.4-Mdal BamHI/BglII fragment containing the gene
      for phospholipase C was subcloned to pBR322. The hybrid plasmids pGV26 and pVB81
      direct the synthesis of enzymatically active phospholipase C, which is also
      hemolytic. The plasmid-directed synthesis of phospholipase C in E. coli or P.
      aeruginosa is not repressible by P(i) as is the chromosomally directed synthesis
      in P. aeruginosa. Data are presented which suggest that the synthesis of
      phospholipase C from pGV26 and pVB81 is directed from the tetracycline resistance
      gene promoter. The level of enzyme activity produced by E. coli(pGV26) is
      slightly higher than the levels produced by P. aeruginosa(pMW79) under repressed
      conditions. In contrast, the levels produced by P. aeruginosa(pVB81) are at least
      600-fold higher than the levels produced by P. aeruginosa(pMW79) under repressed
      conditions and approximately 20-fold higher than those produced by P.
      aeruginosa(pMW79) under derepressed conditions. The majority (85%) of the enzyme
      produced by E. coli(pGV26) remained cell associated, whereas >95% of the enzyme
      produced by P. aeruginosa(pVB81) was extracellular. Analysis of extracellular
      proteins from cultures of P. aeruginosa(pMW79) and P. aeruginosa(pVB81) by high
      performance liquid chromotography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that the phospholipase C gene was cloned intact, and it
      is likely that several additional genes were cloned on the 4.1-Mdal fragment of
      DNA. It was also found that some of these genes encode proteins which are the
      same molecular weight as some previously described P(i)-repressible proteins of
      P. aeruginosa. The existence of a P(i) regulon of P. aeruginosa is proposed. It
      is likely that one of these genes also regulates the level of pyocyanin
      production by P. aeruginosa and that one or more play a role in transport or
      binding of P(i). The availability of the hybrid plasmids described herein will be
      useful in further studies on the role of this hemolysin in the virulence of P.
      aeruginosa and in the study of the genetics and physiology of P(i)-regulated
      proteins.

PMID- 6811560
TI  - Induction of coordinated movement of Myxococcus xanthus cells.
AB  - Rhythmically advancing waves of cells, called ripples, arise spontaneously during
      the aggregation of Myxococcus xanthus into fruiting bodies. Extracts prepared by
      washing rippling cells contain a substance that will induce quiescent cells to
      ripple. Three lines of evidence indicate that murein (peptidoglycan) is the
      ripple-inducing substance in the extracts. First, ripple-inducing activity is
      associated with the cell envelope of sonically disrupted M. xanthus cells.
      Second, whole cells, cell extracts, or purified murein from a variety of
      different bacteria are capable of inducing ripples. In contrast, extracts
      prepared from Methanobacterium spp. which contain pseudomurein instead of typical
      bacterial murein fail to induce ripples. Third, four components of M. xanthus
      murein, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, diaminopimelate, and D
      alanine, are able to induce ripples. Ripples produced by aggregating cells have a
      wavelength of 45 micrometers and a maximum velocity of 2 micrometers/min. Both of
      the multigene systems that control gliding motility appear to be required for
      rippling, and all known mutations at the spoC locus eliminate both rippling and
      sporulation.

PMID- 6811561
TI  - Murein components rescue developmental sporulation of Myxococcus xanthus.
AB  - Murein (peptidoglycan) components are able to rescue sporulation in certain
      sporulation-defective mutants of Myxococcus xanthus. N-Acetylglucosamine, N
      acetylmuramic acid, diaminopimelic acid, and D-alanine each increase the number
      of spores produced by SpoC mutants. When all four components are included they
      have a synergistic effect, raising the number of spores produced by SpoC mutants
      to the wild-type level. Murein-rescued spores are resistant to heat and sonic
      oscillation and germinate when plated on a nutrient-rich medium. They appear to
      be identical to fruiting body spores in their ultrastructure, in their protein
      composition, and in their resistance to boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate. Murein
      rescue of sporulation, like fruiting body sporulation, requires high cell
      density, a low nutrient level, and a solid surface.

PMID- 6811563
TI  - Requirement for carbon dioxide for nonsymbiotic expression of Rhizobium japonicum
      nitrogenase activity.
AB  - The expression and maintenance of nitrogenase (C(2)H(2)) activity in growing,
      microaerobic liquid cultures of Rhizobium japonicum 3I1b110 was found to be
      stringently dependent on the sustained supply of CO(2). This requirement for
      CO(2) appeared to exceed the basal requirement for growth and was not related to
      effects on pH.

PMID- 6811562
TI  - Trail following by gliding bacteria.
AB  - Slime trails, which are deposited on surfaces by gliding bacteria and which serve
      as preferential pathways for gliding motility, were tested for the species
      specificity of their support of movement. Among the pairs of bacteria tested, a
      variety of gliding bacteria and a flagellated bacterium moved along trails of
      unrelated species. Thus, the trails did not serve as pheromones. Rather, they may
      have guided gliding elasticotactically. Some biological implications of this
      finding are considered.

PMID- 6811564
TI  - Expression in Escherichia coli of a staphylococcal gene for resistance to
      macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin type B antibiotics.
AB  - Plasmid pBD9, which comprises two plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus, pE194 and
      pUB110, was joined to plasmid pBR322 by in vitro recombination to form plasmid
      pKH80. The ermC gene of plasmid pE194 confers inducible resistance to macrolide,
      lincosamide, and streptogramin type B antibiotics. When pKH80 was transferred to
      Escherichia coli K-12, the bacteria became resistant to several of these
      antibodies.

PMID- 6811566
TI  - Antidiabetic effects of lithium.
AB  - Lithium carbonate was administered to a female manic depressive patient who also
      had maturity onset diabetes mellitus. She was found to have lowered blood glucose
      levels with administration of lithium without change in the other variables which
      could effect blood glucose levels. In could be concluded that lithium carbonate
      had antidiabetic effects in this case.

PMID- 6811565
TI  - Properties of the nucleases of mollicutes.
AB  - Extracts of the Mollicutes Acholeplasma equifetale, Acholeplasma laidlawii B,
      Mycoplasma arthritidis. Mycoplasma pulmonis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae had DNase
      and endonuclease activity. A. laidlawii B had at least two peaks of DNase
      activity in sucrose gradients with sedimentation coefficients of 3.1S and 4.3S.
      These fractions also had endonuclease activity with different substrate
      specificities. A. laidlawii B may have more than two peaks of endonuclease
      activity in sucrose gradients.

PMID- 6811567
TI  - Comparative studies on the structure of active sites. Behavior of "inverse
      substrates" toward trypsin and related enzymes.
AB  - The kinetics of hydrolysis of "inverse substrates," p-amidinophenyl alkanoates,
      catalyzed by urokinase, plasmin, kallikrein, and trypsins from various sources
      were studied. Dissociation constants of acyl enzyme-ligand complexes, which are a
      characteristic parameter of the reaction with "inverse substrates," were analyzed
      with a view to comparing the spatial requirements of active sites. It was
      concluded that the spatial restraint of the active site as regards coexistence of
      the acyl residue and specific ligand is strictest for hog pancreatic kallikrein
      and this restraint decreases in the following order: human urokinase; bovine
      plasmin, bovine and hog trypsins; Streptomyces fradiae trypsin; and Streptomyces
      griseus trypsin.

PMID- 6811568
TI  - Differences in chemical structure around the reactive lysine residues in the
      burst and the nonburst heads of skeletal muscle myosin.
AB  - Our laboratory has presented strong evidence for the nonidentical two-headed
      structure of skeletal muscle myosin. We previously showed that each of the two
      kinds of heads, i.e., the burst head, which forms the myosin-P-ADP complex, and
      the nonburst head, which forms the myosin-ATP complex upon reaction with ATP,
      contains 1 mol of reactive lysine residue per mol which is modified rapidly with
      TNBS. We also found that in the presence of PPi only the reactive lysine residue
      in the burst head is modified with TNBS. Utilizing this phenomenon, we presented
      evidence [(1981) J. Biochem. 89, 831-839] indicating that the chemical structures
      around the reactive lysine residues in the burst and the nonburst head are
      different. In this study, we determined the amino acid sequence around the
      reactive lysine residues to demonstrate the nonidentical chemical structure of
      the two heads of skeletal muscle myosin. We found that the sequence around the
      reactive lysine residue in the burst head was ....Pro-Met-Asn-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr....
      and the sequence in the nonburst head was ....Ser-Met-Asn-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr.....
      Thus, a proline residue located ner the reactive lysine residue in the burst head
      was found to be replaced by a serine residue in the nonburst head.

PMID- 6811570
TI  - The interrelation between high- and low-molecular-weight forms of GM1-beta
      galactosidase purified from porcine spleen.
AB  - 1) Two forms of acid beta-galactosidase [EC 3.1.23] with different molecular
      weights catalyzing the hydrolysis of GM1-ganglioside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D
      galactoside were separated and purified from porcine spleen. 2) The apparent
      molecular weights were 400,000-600,000 and 70,000-74,000 for the high (termed Am
      form) and low (termed A1 form) molecular weight forms, respectively. 3) On
      examination by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      both forms of the enzyme had a common protein band of molecular weight 63,000,
      and the Am form showed three additional protein bands with molecular weights of
      31,000, 21,000, and 20,000. 4) Both forms of the enzyme had similar catalytic
      functions with regard to pH-optimum, Km, substrate specificity and sensitivity to
      substrate analogues and other substances such as detergents, bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) and NaCl. 5) Both forms of the enzyme were fairly stable upon preincubation
      at 45 degrees C at acidic pH (pH 4.5), but lost their activities at neutral pH
      (pH 7.0). 6) The A1 form was a monomer at neutral pH (pH 7.0) and formed a dimer
      at acidic pH (pH 4.5). However, most of the Am form could not be converted to a
      dimeric form on gel filtration at acidic pH.

PMID- 6811569
TI  - The inhibitory mode of aphidicolin on DNA synthesis in NaCl-treated HeLa cell
      nuclei.
AB  - Isolated HeLa cell nuclei were treated with NaCl at various concentrations and
      inhibition by aphidicolin of DNA synthesis in the treated nuclei was studied. The
      inhibition was either noncompetitive or of the mixed type with respect to each
      dNTP when the nuclei were treated with NaCl at concentrations lower than 0.08 M.
      However, aphidicolin was a competitive inhibitor with respect to dCTP and a non
      competitive or mixed type inhibitor with respect to the other 3 dNTPs when they
      were treated with NaCl at concentrations higher than 0.1 M. These results suggest
      the presence of nuclear factor(s) responsible for the changes in the inhibitory
      mode of aphidicolin on endogenous nuclear DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6811571
TI  - The role of the single tryptophan residue in the structure and function of
      ribonuclease T1.
AB  - The previously reported method for the preparation of Kyn 59-RNase T1 and NFK 59
      RNase T1 has been improved, and these two proteins have been obtained in high
      purity. Kyn 59-RNase T1, fully active for the hydrolysis of GpA and GpC, emitted
      a 35-fold-enhanced fluorescence of kynurenine relative to acetylnurenine amide
      with an emission maximum at 455 nm upon excitation at 380 nm. The polarity of the
      environment of Kyn 59 estimated from the emission maximum corresponded to a
      dielectric constant of 6. Upon excitation at 325 nm, NFK 59-RNase T1, less active
      than Kyn 59-RNase T1, exhibited a quenched N'-formylkynurenine fluorescence with
      an emission maximum at 423 nm, from which the value of 12 was obtained as the
      dielectric constant of the surroundings of residue 59. In both modified proteins,
      distinct tyrosine fluorescence appeared on excitation at 280 nm. The detection of
      an energy transfer from tyrosine to residue 59 suggests that the tertiary
      structure is very similar in Kyn 59-RNase T1 and native RNase T1. With guanidine
      hydrochloride, Kyn 59-RNase T1 was less stable than the native protein.
      Carboxymethylation at Glu 58 was shown to stabilize the active site of the
      modified enzyme. Based on the information collected for Kyn 59-RNase T1, the
      local environment and possible roles of the sole tryptophan residue in RNase T1
      are discussed.

PMID- 6811572
TI  - Fluorescence titrations of residue 59 and tyrosine in Kyn 59-RNase T1 and NFK 59
      RNase T1.
AB  - Fluorescence titrations of kynurenine and tyrosine in Kyn 59-RNase T1 and NFK 59
      RNase T1 were carried out by monitoring protein fluorescence through a pH change
      from 1.5 to 10.5. In the titration of kynurenine fluorescence at 455 nm, a few
      small but distinct quenching events occurred between pH 3.5 and 9.5. Three
      ionizable groups were found to be responsible for the individual steps of
      quenching observed. These groups are Glu 58 with pKa 4.6, His 40 or 92 with pKa
      7.8 and Lys 41 with pKa 8.7. From this result, a subtle conformational change
      associated with the proton dissociation equilibria of Glu 58 and His 40 or 92 in
      the active site of Kyn 59-RNase T1 is suggested. The pH-titration behavior of
      tyrosine fluorescence in Kyn 59-RNase T1 was different from that of kynurenine
      fluorescence. Two acidic groups with pKa's 3.2 and 6.5 were detected as
      perturbants. In NFK 59-RNase T1, both N'-formylkynurenine and tyrosine showed
      almost the same fluorescence behavior during titration, which was characterized
      by two transitions between pH 3 and 8 in each titration curve. Two ionizable
      groups with pKa's 3.7-3.8 and 6.7-6.8 were determined. The role of the latter
      ionizable group is discussed in relation to the enzyme function of RNase T1. From
      the close similarity in structure and function between Kyn 59-RNase T1 and RNase
      T1, it is suggested that the same mechanism of conformational change linked to
      the ionization states of Glu 58 and His 40 or 92 exists in the native protein
      too.

PMID- 6811574
TI  - Activation of human pancreatic lipase activity by calcium and bile salts.

PMID- 6811573
TI  - Structures and biological activities of peptidoglycans of Listeria monocytogenes
      and Propionibacterium acnes.
AB  - The cell-wall skeletons of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD and
      Propionibacterium acnes strain C7, which have the ability to induce macrophage
      activation, were analyzed, and the structures of the peptidoglycans were
      investigated. The analytical data indicate that both peptidoglycans have
      glucosamine residues with free amino groups, which are responsible for the
      resistance to lysozyme. Possible structures of these peptidoglycans were deduced
      from the composition and the results of determination of N- and C-terminal amino
      acids, together with the characterization of fragments obtained by enzymatic
      treatment and partial acid hydrolysis of both peptidoglycans. The results
      suggested that the peptidoglycan of L. monocytogenes contains a cross-linkage
      region of peptide chains with meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine, which
      belongs to the A1 gamma type (Schleifer, K.H. & Kandler, O. (1972) Bacteriol.
      Rev. 36, 407-477), whereas the peptidoglycan of P. acnes contains a cross-linkage
      region of peptide chains with L,L-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine, in which two
      glycine residues combine with amino and carboxyl groups of two L,L-diaminopimelic
      acid residues. The latter type should be classified as a new type. These cell
      wall skeletons and peptidoglycans were shown to have immunoadjuvant activity on
      the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and suppressive activity on the
      growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice, and the
      peptidoglycans were shown to be an immunological-active principle of these cell
      wall skeletons.

PMID- 6811576
TI  - Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from bakers' yeast: crystallization
      and characterization.
AB  - Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.1] was purified and
      crystallized from bakers' yeast. The crystalline preparation gave a single band
      on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. However, in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the preparation gave
      one major band with two faint bands, all of which showed the same specific
      activity, molecular weight and serological properties. These faint bands appeared
      to be modified forms produced from the major band during the purification. The
      enzyme showed a molecular weight of 90,000 +/- 8,000 and 92,000 +/- 8,000 by gel
      filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis, respectively. The molecular
      weight of a subunit was estimated to be 45,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel
      electrophoresis. Each subunit bound approximately 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate. The bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate showed an absorption maximum at 360
      nm (epsilon M: 11,500) and 430 nm (epsilon M: 8,200) in alkaline and acidic
      conditions, respectively. Its proteolytic pK was pH 6.3. The enzyme showed an
      optimum pH of 8.0-9.0, and fairly high amino donor and acceptor specificities;
      aromatic amino acids and their corresponding 2-oxoacids were catalyzed at rates
      of 0.2-0.8% of those for aspartate and oxalacetate, respectively. Michaelis
      constants for various substrate were: L-aspartate (0.11 mM), L-glutamate (20.0
      mM), oxalacetate (0.006 mM), and 2-oxoglutarate (0.16 mM). The antiserum against
      yeast aspartate aminotransferase did not form precipitin bands with homogeneous
      aspartate aminotransferases from pig heart cytosol, pig heart mitochondria or
      Escherichia coli B.

PMID- 6811575
TI  - Stimulatory effect of cytochrome b5 induced by p-nitroanisole and diisopropyl 1,3
      dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate on rat liver microsomal drug hydroxylations.
AB  - The relationship between the changes in the amount of the components of the liver
      microsomal electron transport systems and drug hydroxylase activities on
      administration of p-nitroanisole was investigated. The content of cytochrome P
      450 in the p-nitroanisole-treated rats was not significantly different from that
      in the controls during the treatment. The cytochrome b5 content increased 2.2
      fold over that of the controls after 14 days of treatment. Demethylation
      activities per mg microsomal protein of p-nitroanisole, aminopyrine, and
      benzphetamine were enhanced 2.7-, 2.4-, and 2.8-fold, respectively, but aniline
      hydroxylase activity was not enhanced. Similar results were obtained with
      microsomes from diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105)-treated rats.
      The time-course study of changes in the amount of the components of drug
      hydroxylase systems suggested that the increase in cytochrome b5 content enhanced
      the demethylation activities. In the reconstituted system containing cytochrome P
      450 partially purified from p-nitroanisole- or NKK-105-treated rats, cytochrome
      b5 was required for the maximal activities of the demethylation reactions, but
      did not participate in aniline hydroxylation. These findings showed good
      correlation between the change of cytochrome b5 content and the demethylation
      activities and suggested that the increase in cytochrome b5 content might enhance
      the demethylation activity by stimulating supply of a second electron to
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6811578
TI  - myo-Inositol uptake and metabolism in isolated rat liver cells.

PMID- 6811577
TI  - Evidence that warfarin anticoagulant action involves two distinct reductase
      activities.
AB  - The dithiothreitol-dependent vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide hepatic
      microsomal reductase activities of warfarin-susceptible and warfarin-resistant
      rats were compared to gain insight into the role(s) of these activities in
      vitamin K metabolism and function. In microsomes from resistant rats, 3- to 4
      fold more warfarin was required to produce 50% inhibition (I50) of vitamin K
      reduction to vitamin K hydroquinone than in microsomes from susceptible rats. For
      the reduction of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to vitamin K a 6-fold higher warfarin
      concentration was required. In microsomes from resistant rats, the I50 warfarin
      concentration required to inhibit gamma-carboxylation of microsomal precursor
      protein was also 4-fold higher with vitamin K as substrate and was 6-fold higher
      with the epoxide as substrate than in microsomes from susceptible rats.
      Collectively, these data suggest that the vitamin K reductase contributes to the
      metabolism of vitamin K in intact rats and that warfarin inhibition of both the
      vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductases is involved in its anticoagulant
      effect.

PMID- 6811579
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol breakdown induced by vasopressin and epinephrine in
      hepatocytes is calcium-dependent.

PMID- 6811580
TI  - Metabolism and activation of 7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene during prostaglandin
      biosynthesis. Intermediacy of a bay-region epoxide.
AB  - A Tween 20-solubilized preparation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase has
      been shown to metabolize 7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (H2BP) to a form highly
      mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. The arachidonic acid-dependent
      metabolism of H2BP by microsomal and purified prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase
      has been studied and the products identified. A spectral investigation of the
      metabolism indicated the bay-region double bond as the primary site of
      metabolism. Radiolabeled H2BP was synthesized and incubated with the enzyme
      preparations and the metabolites were separated by reverse phase high performance
      liquid chromatography and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting.
      Radioactive products were characterized by co-chromatography with chemically
      synthesized standards, UV-visible spectra, and mass spectrometry of acetate
      derivatives. The major polar products were determined to be trans- and cis-9,10
      dihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene
      9-one in a ratio of 1:1.2:0.4. The inclusion of 5 mM 3,3,3-trichloropropene-1,2
      oxide, an epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, produced the same products but in a ratio
      of 1:2.3:1.2. Incubations with purified prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase
      yielded the three products in a ratio of 1:2.8:0.7. The major nonpolar product
      was identified as benzo[a]pyrene. The polar products of metabolism, the effects
      of 3,3,3-trichloropropene-1,2-oxide on their distribution, and the detection of a
      mutagenic intermediate support the conclusion that H2BP is co-oxygenated during
      prostaglandin biosynthesis to 9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 6811581
TI  - Localization of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli in an osmotically sensitive
      compartment.

PMID- 6811584
TI  - Evidence for active purine nucleoside cycles in human mononuclear cells and
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Several aspects of purine metabolism were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells and fibroblasts from a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      deficiency and compared to cells from normal controls. Intact cells were
      incubated with radioactive purine bases and all purine metabolites were extracted
      and analyzed. Incubation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient cells with
      [3H]hypoxanthine and [3H]guanine resulted in the accumulation of large
      proportions of the incorporated radioactivity into inosine (60-80%) and to lesser
      extent into guanosine (15-30%), respectively, whereas normal cells accumulated
      only minor amounts of inosine and guanosine. This observation indicates that
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase, together with hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase and nucleoside monophosphate phosphatase, participate
      in remarkably active inosine and guanosine cycles. These purine nucleoside cycles
      may play a role in the regulation of intracellular purine nucleotide levels. The
      absence of these cycles in purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients may
      be detrimental to the differentiation of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6811582
TI  - 14CO2 fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during gluconeogenesis in the
      intact rat liver cell.
AB  - During gluconeogenesis from L-glutamine, 14CO2 is fixed into glucose. Inhibitors
      of pyruvate transport or pyruvate carboxylase only slightly decrease the 14CO2
      incorporation, indicating that a pathway of formation of pyruvate, followed by
      pyruvate carboxylation, is not primarily involved. These results suggest that
      14CO2 fixation is effected by a reverse (exchange) reaction of P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase. MnCl2 (0.5 mM) stimulates the 14CO2 fixation in glucose from L
      glutamine by nearly 50%. This result is in accord with a recent study (Colombo,
      G., Carlson, G. M., and Lardy, H. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2749-2757) showing
      that Mn2+ greatly stimulates the reverse reaction (P-enolpyruvate leads to
      oxalacetate) of purified rat liver P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase. Preliminary
      calculations suggest that 14CO2 is also fixed by reversible P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase activity during gluconeogenesis from L-lactate, in addition to the
      fixation of H14CO3(-) in the pyruvate carboxylase forward reaction.

PMID- 6811583
TI  - Tryptic fragments of calmodulin. Ca2+- and Mg2+-induced conformational changes.

PMID- 6811585
TI  - Dynamics of the holes in human erythrocyte membrane ghosts.

PMID- 6811586
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data for fructose-1,6
      bisphosphate aldolase from Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Drosophila melanogaster has been
      crystallized from polyethylene glycol 6000 by vapor diffusion technique against
      buffered polyethylene glycol solutions at 2-4 degrees C. The insect enzyme
      crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, heretofore unknown for aldolases. The
      crystals have the space group P212121 (a = 86.3 A, b = 115.7 A, and c = 151.4 A)
      and contain four tetrameric aldolase molecules, each with Mr = 158,000/unit cell,
      i.e. one tetramer/asymmetric unit. The crystals are quite stable to x-ray
      deterioration. This stability may be related to the unusually low cysteine and
      histidine content of Drosophila aldolase.

PMID- 6811587
TI  - Hydroxylations in biosynthesis of bile acids. Isolation of subfractions with
      different substrate specificity from cytochrome P-450LM4.
AB  - Chromatography of electrophoretically homogeneous cytochrome P-450LM4 from
      cholestyramine-treated rabbits on octylamine-Sepharose resulted in the isolation
      of two subfractions, cytochrome P-450LM4 I and cytochrome P-450LM4 II, with
      different catalytic properties. The original cytochrome P-450LM4 fraction
      catalyzed 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol, 12 alpha-hydroxylation of 5 beta
      cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol, 25-hydroxylation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,
      7 alpha-diol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol, 6 beta
      hydroxylation of testosterone, and demethylation of ethylmorphine. Cytochrome P
      450LM4 I was inactive in cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation, but catalyzed the
      other hydroxylations. Cytochrome P-450LM4 II catalyzed efficient cholesterol 7
      alpha-hydroxylation. It also catalyzed the other hydroxylations, although at
      lower rates than cytochrome P-450LM4 I. Emulgen inhibited all steroid hydroxylase
      activities in cytochrome P-450LM4 II except the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity. Cytochrome P-450LM4 I and cytochrome P-450LM4 II showed the same
      apparent molecular weight and spectral properties as the original cytochrome P
      450LM4 fraction. The two subfractions differed in amino acid composition. They
      produced similar but not identical one-dimensional peptide maps upon limited
      proteolysis with papain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin. The results show that
      cytochrome P-450LM4 from cholestyramine-treated rabbits contains at least two
      species with different amino acid compositions and different substrate
      specificities toward C27-steroids involved in biosynthesis of bile acids.

PMID- 6811588
TI  - Influence of the activation state on the sedimentation properties of ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase from Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from the chemolithotrophic hydrogen
      bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus was maximally active in the presence of 50 mM
      HCO3- plus 10 mM Mg2+. Deactivation occurred upon removal of these ions.
      Reactivation was achieved by incubation of the enzymes with HCO3- plus Mg2+. The
      concentration of HCO3- (CO2) required for half-maximal activation was 1.84 nM
      (0.064 mM). Sedimentation velocity studies revealed that activation/deactivation
      is associated with drastic changes in the sedimentation properties of the enzyme.
      While the inactive form had a sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, of 17.5 S, the
      s20,w gradually decreased as the enzyme was reactivated and the fully reactivated
      form exhibited an s20,w of 14.3 S. A structural analogue of ribulose 1,5
      bisphosphate, xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate, caused a deactivation of the enzyme
      concomitant with an increase in the sedimentation velocity. It is suggested that
      the alterations in the hydrodynamic properties accompanying the
      activation/deactivation process are due to considerable conformational changes
      that affect the molecular volume and/or the shape of the enzyme.
      Dissociation/association events were not involved in the changes. The s20,w of
      about 18 S, generally reported for the large hexadecameric ribulose bisphosphate
      carboxylases, appears to be characteristic of the inactive form.

PMID- 6811589
TI  - Evidence for multiple metabolic pools of phosphatidylinositol in stimulated
      platelets.
AB  - Stimulation of platelets with ionophore A23187 or thrombin indicates the
      existence of three distinct metabolic fractions of phosphatidylinositol. Two of
      those pools of phosphatidylinositol are degraded by phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase C and the third one by a phospholipase A2 activity. Low
      concentrations of ionophore A23187 (100 nM) or thrombin (0.25 units/ml) induce
      the degradation by phospholipase C of a minor fraction of phosphatidylinositol
      which is involved in the phosphatidylinositol cycle. In addition, thrombin, but
      not ionophore A23187, leads to the degradation by phospholipase C of a larger
      fraction of phosphatidylinositol and the subsequent accumulation of phosphatidic
      acid. A third fraction of phosphatidylinositol, sensitive to thrombin (0.5-2
      units/ml) or ionophore A23187 (0.5-2 microM), can be degraded by phospholipase A2
      to lysophosphatidylinositol with the concomitant liberation of arachidonic acid.
      Degradation of phosphatidylinositol by the phospholipase C pathway precedes that
      of the phospholipase A2 pathway. The results also suggest that the
      phosphatidylinositol cycle is sensitive to a small rise in cytosolic Ca2+
      concentration. A further mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+ interrupts the
      phosphatidylinositol cycle by inhibiting conversion of phosphatidic acid to
      phosphatidylinositol and also activates phospholipases of the A2 type.

PMID- 6811590
TI  - Reduced pyridine nucleotides and cytochrome b5 as electron donors for
      prostaglandin synthetase reconstituted in dimyristyl phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles.
AB  - Prostaglandin synthetase has been reconstituted in dimyristyl phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles. These vesicles in either 80 or 2 microM flufenamate utilized NADH or
      NADPH as electron donor in the reductive peroxidative step of prostaglandin H2
      formation. Vesicles containing bound cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 in
      order to complete an NADH cytochrome b5 reductase system also utilized reduced
      cytochrome b5 as the electron donor for this peroxidative step. In systems
      containing cytochrome and reductase, the rate of NADH oxidation exceeded that of
      NADPH oxidation, indicating that reduced cytochrome b5 is an effective electron
      donor for prostaglandin H2 formation, enhancing both the initial rate and the
      extent of the reaction. The concentrations of reduced pyridine nucleotides and
      cytochrome b5 employed in these experiments to provide reductants for
      prostaglandin synthetase are within the concentration ranges that obtain under
      physiological conditions.

PMID- 6811591
TI  - Peptide mapping of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase alpha factors and core
      associated polypeptides.
AB  - An analysis of the peptide maps of the sigma factors and core-associated subunits
      of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase has revealed that all the sigma factors ad
      core-associated polypeptides are derived from separate genes and are not
      proteolytically modified products of the major 55,000-dalton sigma factor. A
      comparison of the peptide pattern of the major B. subtilis and Escherichia coli
      sigma factors revealed limited homology between them. Furthermore, antibody
      prepared against the 55,000-dalton B. subtilis sigma factor cross-reacted against
      the E. coli sigma factor, but not against any of the other B. subtilis sigma
      factors and core-associated polypeptides. These results unambiguously demonstrate
      the independently derived nature of the B. subtilis RNA polymerase core
      associated subunits and the partial relationship between the major sigma factors
      of B. subtilis and E. coli.

PMID- 6811592
TI  - Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase purified from bovine lung.
AB  - We found carbonic anhydrase activity associated with particulate fractions of
      homogenates of rat, rabbit, human, and bovine lungs. These membrane-associated
      carbonic anhydrases were remarkably stable in solutions containing sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS). The bovine enzyme was dissolved with SDS and purified by affinity
      chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme contains glucosamine,
      galactose, and sialic acid; it is at least 20% carbohydrate. The apparent
      molecular weight by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (52,000) may be higher
      than the actual molecular weight due to the presence of carbohydrate. The enzyme
      contains cystine, an amino acid that is absent in bovine erythrocyte carbonic
      anhydrase. Dithiothreitol greatly accelerated the rate of inactivation of the
      membrane-associated enzyme in SDS, so disulfide bonds appear to stabilize this
      enzyme. The specific CO2-hydrating activity was about half that of the
      erythrocyte enzyme. Acetazolamide inhibits the membrane-associated enzyme (Ki =
      10 nM) nearly as well as the erythrocyte enzyme (Ki = 3 nM). Antibody to bovine
      erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase did not inhibit the membrane-associated enzyme.
      Other investigators have accumulated a good deal of evidence for carbonic
      anhydrase on the luminal surface of pulmonary capillaries. The enzyme described
      here appears to be a new isozyme whose properties are consistent with such a
      localization.

PMID- 6811593
TI  - New role for 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Activator of leukotriene
      biosynthesis in PT-18 mast/basophil cells.
AB  - Leukotrienes are vasoactive arachidonic acid metabolites which are released by
      mast cells during hypersensitivity reactions. The mechanisms for regulating
      leukotriene biosynthesis are not well understood. A murine mast/basophil cell
      line (PT-18) was used to investigate this problem. Exogenously supplied
      [14C]arachidonic acid is not appreciably converted to leukotrienes by untreated
      PT-18 cells. However, when the cells were preincubated with the lymphocyte
      product 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), addition of [14C]arachidonic
      acid consistently resulted in a dose-dependent synthesis of large amounts of both
      [14C]leukotriene B4 and [14C]5-HETE. These metabolites were isolated by high
      pressure liquid chromatography, converted to the methyl ester trimethylsilyl
      ether derivatives, and the structures confirmed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. These findings indicate that 15-HETE induces a direct activation of
      a cryptic 5-lipoxygenase in these cells. The closely related 12-HETE was
      ineffective. The activation phenomenon occurs rapidly and is reversible.
      Furthermore, the activation appears to be highly cell- and enzyme-specific, since
      lipoxygenases in three primary cell types including one that contains a 5
      lipoxygenase and six other cell lines did not show this specific induction of
      leukotriene biosynthesis by 15-HETE. This report is the first evidence that 15
      HETE, a major arachidonate metabolite in lymphocytes, can act as a signal to
      activate leukotriene production by susceptible mast cells.

PMID- 6811594
TI  - Immunological comparison of purified DNA polymerase alpha from embryos of
      Drosophila melanogaster with forms of the enzyme present in vivo.
AB  - Specific antisera to purified DNA polymerase alpha from embryos of Drosophila
      melanogaster and to two of the four constituent subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, and
      delta) were prepared. These antibodies have revealed the following features of
      the enzyme. (i) The Mr = 148,000 alpha subunit is very likely derived by in vitro
      proteolysis from polypeptides with molecular weights of 185,000 and 166,000 that
      are present in vivo. (ii) The Mr = 60,000 beta subunit occurs in rapidly
      replicating embryos as both an 85,000- and a 60,000-dalton form, but
      predominantly as a 60,000-dalton form in more slowly replicating cultured cells.
      (iii) There is no detectable immunologic cross-reactivity between the four
      subunits. (iv) There is an abundance of antigenic material in embryos that co
      migrates with the delta subunit of the purified enzyme during polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

PMID- 6811595
TI  - Effect of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and its
      nonpromoting analogue 4-O-methyl-TPA on dorsal dermal melanocytes of the Syrian
      golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - The effect of the tumor promoter TPA and its inactive structural analogue 4-O
      methyl-TPA on the induction of dorsal skin melanosis in the normal Syrian golden
      hamster and on the promotion of melanomas in DMBA-initiated animals was
      investigated. Both phenomena were observed in TPA-treated hamsters but could not
      be detected after exposure of animals to 4-O-methyl-TPA. In contrast to results
      obtained with a variety of other laboratory animals, neither TPA nor 4-O-methyl
      TPA were able to induce epidermal hyperplasia of hamster dorsal skin.

PMID- 6811596
TI  - Rat monoclonal antitubulin antibodies derived by using a new nonsecreting rat
      cell line.
AB  - Hybrid myeloma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to tubulin have been
      prepared using rat myelomas and spleen cells from rats immunized with yeast
      tubulin. A comparison between the results obtained with the rat myeloma Y3-Ag
      1.2.3., which secretes a light chain, and a new line, YB2/O, which does not,
      shows that they are both excellent parental lines and that the second produces
      hybrids with no myeloma chain components. The antitubulin antibodies in the serum
      of rats bearing two of the hybrid myeloma tumors gave titers of up to 1:10(6)
      from which large amounts of monoclonal antibodies could be easily purified. They
      recognized tubulin from yeast as well as from birds and mammals. The two
      antibodies gave clear immunofluorescent staining of yeast mitotic spindles as
      well as the interphase microtubule network of tissue culture cells. Some
      difference in the pattern of immunofluorescence staining of yeast cells and
      nuclei was observed between the two antibodies. The purified antibodies could be
      conjugated to colloidal gold particles and used for direct labeling of yeast
      microtubules for electron microscopy.

PMID- 6811597
TI  - Phosphorylation of chlamydomonas reinhardi chloroplast membrane proteins in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - Phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins in the chloroplast of wild-type
      and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardi has been studied in vivo and in
      vitro. Intact cells or purified membranes were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate
      or [gamma-32P]ATP, respectively, and the presence of phosphorylated polypeptides
      was detected by autoradiography after membrane fractionation by SDS PAGE. The 32P
      was esterified to serine and threonine residues. At least six polypeptides were
      phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo, and corresponded to components of the
      photosystem II complex contributing to the formation of the light-harvesting
      chlorophyll (LHC) a,b-protein complex, the DCMU binding site (32-35 kdaltons),
      and the reaction center (26 kdaltons). In agreement with previous reports
      (Alfonzo, et al., 1979, Plant Physiol., 65:730-734; and Bennett, 1979, FEBS (Fed.
      Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett., 103:342-344), the membrane-bound protein kinase was
      markedly stimulated by light in vitro via a mechanism requiring photosystem II
      activity. Phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane polypeptides in vivo was,
      however, completely independent of illumination. Similar amounts of phosphate
      were incorporated into the photosynthetic membranes of cells incubated in the
      dark, in white light with or without 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-1,1-dimethyl urea
      (DCMU), or in red or far-red light. Different turnovers of the phosphate were
      observed in the light and dark, and a phosphoprotein phosphatase involved in this
      turnover process was also associated with the membrane. Comparison of the amount
      of esterified phosphate per protein in vivo and the maximum incorporation in
      isolated membranes revealed that only a small fraction of the available sites
      could be phosphorylated in vitro. In contrast to the DCMU binding site, the LHC
      and 26-kdalton polypeptide were not phosphorylated in vivo when the reaction
      center II polypeptides of 44-54 kdaltons were missing. The finding that all the
      phosphoproteins appear to be components of the photosystem II complex and are
      only partially dephosphorylated in vivo suggests strongly that protein
      phosphorylation might play an important role in the maintenance of the
      organizational integrity of this complex. The observation that the LHC is not
      phosphorylated in the absence of the reaction center lends support to this idea.

PMID- 6811598
TI  - Effects of matrix macromolecules on chondrocyte gene expression: synthesis of a
      low molecular weight collagen species by cells cultured within collagen gels.
AB  - Chick-embryo sternal chondrocytes have been cultured within three-dimensional
      collagen gels as part of a study concerned with the effects of extracellular
      matrix macromolecules on chondrocyte gene expression. Data are presented
      indicating that chondrocytes cultured within such a collagenous environment
      synthesize significantly more of an hitherto unidentified, low molecular weight
      collagen species than do cells grown on plastic tissue-culture dishes in the
      conventional manner. This low molecular weight collagen species contains
      noncollagenous domains (as indicated by its decreased molecular size after mild
      pepsin digestion), is distinct from the known collagen types (as judged by CNBr
      peptide analysis), and forms part of the insoluble collagenous matrix produced by
      the chondrocytes. Cells growing within the gel tend to form colonies consisting
      of a linear array of cells reminiscent of the cellular organization in growth
      cartilage.

PMID- 6811599
TI  - Acrosomal reaction of thyone sperm. I. Changes in the sperm head visualized by
      high resolution video microscopy.
AB  - Structural changes inside the head of Thyone sperm undergoing the acrosomal
      reaction were followed with a high-resolution, differential interference contrast
      (DIC) video microscope. The beating sperm, adhering by their midpiece to the
      cover slip of a wedge perfusion chamber, were activated by a calcium ionophore
      (20 microM A23187) suspended in sea water containing 50 mM excess CaCl2. Before
      activation of the sperm, the acrosomal region appears as a 1.1-microM diameter
      sphere, slightly less dense than the rest of the sperm head. Upon activation, the
      acrosome pops; the acrosomal region suddenly swells and its refractive index
      drops. After approximately 1 s, a crescent-shaped periacrosomal cup appears
      behind the acrosomal vacuole. In the next several seconds, the cup loses more
      refractive index and expands forward as the acrosomal process extends. The
      acrosomal vacuole becomes smaller, but without appreciable drop in refractive
      index. These observations, coupled with the behavior of the extending acrosomal
      process reported in the companion paper, and in electron microscopy (EM) and
      early physiological studies, suggest that the acrosomal process is extended by a
      combination of the explosive polymerization of actin and the osmotic swelling of
      the periacrosomal cup material. In this paper, we also consider the meaning of
      the enhanced DIC image seen in the high-resolution video microscope, and discuss
      the reliability of measurements on small linear dimensions made with the DIC
      microscope.

PMID- 6811600
TI  - Acrosomal reaction of Thyone sperm. II. The kinetics and possible mechanism of
      acrosomal process elongation.
AB  - Thyone sperm were induced to undergo the acrosomal reaction with a calcium
      ionophore A23187 in sea water containing 50 mM excess CaCl2, and the extension of
      the acrosomal process was recorded with high-resolution, differential
      interference contrast video microscopy at 60 fields/sec. The length of the
      acrosomal process was measured at 0.25-s intervals on nine sperm. When the data
      were plotted as (length)2 vs. time, the points fell exactly on a straight line
      except for the initial and very final stages of elongation. Cytochalasin B alters
      the rate of elongation of the acrosomal process in a dose-dependent way,
      inhibiting the elongation completely at high concentrations (20 micrograms/ml).
      However, no inhibition was observed unless excess Ca++ was added to sea water.
      The concentration of actin in the periacrosomal cup of the unreacted sperm is as
      high as 160 mg/ml; we calculate this concentration from the number and lengths of
      the actin filaments in a fully reacted sperm, and the volume of the periacrosomal
      cup in the unreacted sperm. These results are consistent with the hypothesis
      proposed earlier that monomers add to the ends of the actin filaments situated at
      the tip of the growing acrosomal process (the preferred end for monomer
      addition), and that the rate of elongation of the process is limited by diffusion
      of monomers from the sperm head (periacrosomal cup) to the tip of the elongating
      process. During the extension of the acrosomal process, a few blebs distributed
      along its lengths move out with the process. These blebs maintain a constant
      distance from the tip of the growing process. At maximum length, the straight
      acrosomal process slackens into a bow, and numerous new blebs appear. A few
      seconds later, the process suddenly straightens out again and sometimes actually
      contracts. The behavior of the blebs indicates that membrane is inserted at the
      base of the growing acrosomal process, and that membrane assembly and water
      uptake must be coupled to actin assembly during elongation. We discuss how the
      dynamic balance of forces seems to determine the shape of the growing acrosomal
      process, and how actin assembly may be controlled during the acrosomal reaction.

PMID- 6811601
TI  - Possible involvement of messenger RNA-associated proteins in protein synthesis.
AB  - Two distinct forms of globin messenger RNA were isolated from mouse spleen cells
      infected with Friend erythroleukemia virus: polyribosomal messenger
      ribonucleoprotein particles (15S mRNP), and their corresponding protein-free
      mRNAs obtained by chemical deproteinization. The translation efficiencies of both
      messenger forms were assayed in a Krebs II ascites cell-free system. Selective
      removal of RNA-binding proteins from the ascites cell lysate did not affect
      globin synthesis when the mRNA was supplied as 15S mRNP; deproteinized mRNA
      however was not translated. Only in the presence of two fractions of RNA-binding
      proteins was the protein-free mRNA translated. Some of the RNA-binding proteins
      have the same molecular weights and isoelectric points as the principal proteins
      of 15S mRNP.

PMID- 6811604
TI  - Role of stimulation of arachidonic acid release in the proliferative response of
      3T3 mouse fibroblasts to platelet-derived growth factor.
AB  - Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates release of arachidonic
      acid from cellular phospholipids, synthesis and release of prostaglandins from
      the cell, and initiation of DNA synthesis in cultures of 3T3 Swiss mouse
      fibroblasts at similar concentrations with four independent preparations
      representing a million-fold range of purification. Stimulation of arachidonic
      acid and prostaglandin release is an early event (beginning within minutes) in
      the response to PDGF treatment. Incubating cells with PDGF at 4 degrees C
      followed by washing leads to activation of arachidonic acid release on warming
      the cells to 37 degrees C, consistent with binding of the factor to the cell
      surface. PDGF-stimulated arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin release, and
      initiation of DNA synthesis are all inhibited by phenylglyoxal at similar
      concentrations. These results suggest that activation of arachidonic acid release
      from phospholipids plays an essential role in the mechanism by which PDGF
      stimulates the initiation of DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. The stimulation of
      initiation of DNA synthesis by PDGF does not appear to be mediated by the
      synthesis of prostaglandins or other known arachidonic acid metabolites because
      neither indomethacin (a fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor) nor phenidone (a
      lipoxygenase inhibitor) inhibit initiation of DNA synthesis at concentrations
      which inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism. Although the activation of arachidonic
      acid release by PDGF is a calcium-dependent process, a simple calcium flux
      appears unimportant to the mechanism of activation. Evidence was also obtained
      against an involvement of sodium fluxes or proteolytic activity in the mechanism
      of stimulating arachidonic acid release by PDGF or serum.

PMID- 6811603
TI  - The microsporidian spore invasion tube. II. Role of calcium in the activation of
      invasion tube discharge.
AB  - A swelling response by the polaroplast organelle initiated microsporidian
      invasion tube extrusions by Glugea hertwigi spores. The tumescence was induced by
      the displacement of internal calcium. Sodium citrate, phosphate, and the calcium
      ionophore A23187 were effective in initiating polaroplast swelling and spore
      discharge; however, the addition of external CaCl2 switched the expanded
      polaroplasts to a contracted state and blocked spore discharge. Unlike CaCl2,
      equivalent concentrations of KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, and BaCl2 did not induced
      polaroplast contraction, and spore discharge was not blocked. 45CaCl2 readily
      incorporated into spores with expanded polaroplasts; however, little calcium
      uptake was apparent in spores with contracted polaroplasts. Metallochromic
      arsenazo III yielded a color spectrum characteristic of the dye-Ca++ complex in
      the polaroplast region; furthermore, a membrane association with calcium was
      indicated by strong chlorotetracycline fluorescence within the polaroplast; this
      fluorescence was extinguished by pretreating spores with ionophore A23187. An
      association of the membrane with calcium was also indicated by a potassium
      ferrocyanide-osmium tetroxide technique. All evidence indicates that an internal
      calcium displacement is an important initial step in the swelling response of the
      polaroplast organelle.

PMID- 6811602
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of the Drosophila photoreceptor membrane: mutations
      affecting membrane particle density.
AB  - The photoreceptor membrane of Drosophila melanogaster (wild type, vitamin A
      deprived wild type, and the mutants ninaAP228, ninaBP315, and oraJK84) was
      studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The three mutations caused a
      decrease in the number of particles on the protoplasmic face of the rhabdomeric
      membrane. The ninaAP228 mutation affected only the peripheral photoreceptors (R1
      6), while the ninaBP315 mutation affected both the peripheral (R1-6) and the
      central photoreceptors (R7). The oraJK84 mutation, which essentially eliminates
      R1-6 rhabdomeres, was found to drastically deplete the membrane particles in the
      vestigial R1-6 rhabdomeres but not in the normal rhabdomeres of R7
      photoreceptors, suggesting that the failure of the oraJK84 mutant to form normal
      R1-6 rhabdomeres may be due to a defect in a major R1-6 photoreceptor-specific
      protein in the mutant. In all cases in which both the rhabdomeric particle
      density and rhodopsin content were studied, the mutations or vitamin A
      deprivation was found to reduce both these quantities, supporting the idea that
      at least the majority of the rhabdomeric membrane particles are closely
      associated with rhodopsin. Vitamin A deprivation and the mutations also reduced
      the number of particles in the plasma membrane as in the rhabdomeric membrane,
      suggesting that both classes of membrane contain rhodopsin.

PMID- 6811605
TI  - Functional characterization of hypothalamic hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - PRL secretory dynamics were evaluated by several stimulation and suppression
      tests in nine patients with hyperprolactinemia due to organic hypothalamic
      disease. Basal PRL levels ranged between 20-63 ng/ml. There was a normal PRL
      response to TRH in eight cases (i.e. doubling of basal levels), whereas none of
      the seven tested subjects responded to sulpiride. The same dissociation of
      responses was not observed in any of the patients who were still
      hyperprolactinemic after surgery. Concomitant dopamine infusion resulted in
      sulpiride-induced PRL release in the four subjects so studied. None of 50 other
      hyperprolactinemic patients (11 with macroprolactinoma, 18 with
      microprolactinoma, and 21 with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia) showed PRL response
      to TRH but not to sulpiride. The TRH-induced PRL increase was significantly
      higher than that induced by sulpiride in hypothalamic hyperprolactinemia and
      significantly lower in idiopathic disease as well as in healthy controls; no
      differences were found in prolactinoma patients. The administration of substances
      resulting in stimulation of pituitary dopamine receptors, such as dopamine and L
      dopa, induced a normal PRL suppression in 7 patients with hypothalamic disease so
      tested, whereas central nervous system-acting dopaminergic drugs, such as
      carbidopa plus L-dopa and nomifensine, failed to lower PRL levels in most cases
      (even when normoprolactinemic after surgery). These data suggest that the mild to
      moderate hyperprolactinemia found in many patients with hypothalamic lesions is
      due to dopamine deficiency at the pituitary level, that TRH and dopamine
      receptors at the lactotropes are intact in this condition, and that paired TRH
      and sulpiride tests may be of some diagnostic utility in hyperprolactinemic
      patients. They further suggest that subjects with so-called idiopathic
      hyperprolactinemia do not suffer from the type of hypothalamic derangement
      exhibited by patients with organic lesions of the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6811606
TI  - Autoimmunity and HLA.

PMID- 6811607
TI  - Production of anti-basement membrane-zone antibody by peripheral blood leukocytes
      of pemphigoid patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with bullous pemphigoid
      stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) produce an anti-basement membrane-zone(BMZ)
      antibody. the antibody produced in vitro was biosynthetically radiolabeled, and
      its binding to the BMZ was histologically demonstrated by autoradiography. The
      IgG nature of the antibody was evidence by the fact that it was absorbed by
      rabbit anti-human IgG antiserum immunoabsorbents. The peak antibody production in
      vitro occurred after 6 days of culture. Antibody produced in vitro did not bind
      to the BMZ of human skin, but it did bind to the BMZ of the monkey esophagus.
      Normal human volunteers and control patients did not produce such an antibody. In
      other experiments the effects of adding serum containing anti-BMZ antibody to the
      synthesis of Ig by cells of patients and normal subjects were studied. Although
      serum from patients with bullous pemphigoid stimulated Ig production with either
      normal or BP-patient PBL, the difference was not statistically significant. The
      availability of the assay system allows for studying the immunoregulatory
      mechanism of autoantibody production in bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 6811608
TI  - The antigens of the chick blastula: a comparison between the epiblast, primary
      hypoblast, yolk entoderm, and extraembryonic yolk by immunoprecipitation in agar.
AB  - Antisera to chicken embryo epiblast, primary hypoblast, extraembryonic yolk, and
      yolk entoderm were elicited in rabbits. Extracts from the different sources were
      tested for their immunoprecipitation by these antisera in immunoelectrophoresis
      and double diffusion in agar (Ouchterlony) tests. The main findings were as
      follows: 1) Antigens recovered in the soluble fractions of the cells of the full
      hypoblast stage (Eyal-Giladi and Kochav, Stage XIII) are immunologically
      identical to antigens from the extraembryonic yolk, 2) Similar patterns of
      precipitation lines were formed between the soluble fractions of both the
      epiblast and primary hypoblast, and the different antisera. The epiblast and the
      primary hypoblast differed in 1-2 precipitation lines only, 3) The most prominent
      antigenic differences between the primary hypoblast and the epiblast reside in
      the microsomal fraction as revealed by immunoelectrophoresis, and 4) For all four
      sources of antigens which were compared, it was found that the electrophoretic
      mobility of the antigens migrating closest to the catodic end is modified
      according to the ratio of solvent to solute during the preparation of the
      lyophilized antigen.

PMID- 6811609
TI  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel typing system for characterization of
      Neisseria meningitidis isolates.
AB  - Thirty to fifty percent of group B and group C Neisseria meningitidis carrier
      isolates are not serotypable with existing outer membrane protein typing sera. A
      typing system based on differences in the outer membrane protein profiles after
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was
      therefore developed as an adjunct to existing serotyping methods. Although most
      N. meningitidis strains contain several outer membrane proteins visible by SDS
      PAGE, there are only one to three predominant proteins. The SDS-PAGE profiles of
      these major proteins were used to establish 10 different PAGE types. Greater than
      95% of all meningococcal isolates, regardless of serogroup, fit into 1 of the 10
      PAGE types. The outer membrane protein profile of individual strains after SDS
      PAGE was constant when outer membrane fractions were prepared from the same
      strain on several different days. A comparison of gel profiles of meningococcal
      isolates obtained from different sites of the same patient revealed no
      significant differences among both major and minor proteins for isolate sets thus
      far examined. Characterization of strains by PAGE type can be a valuable
      epidemiological tool in addition to serotyping and in the absence of specific
      serotype antisera.

PMID- 6811610
TI  - Hospital outbreaks caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: importance of serogroup O11.
AB  - Suspected outbreaks caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in 19 hospitals and two
      motels were studied. On the basis of epidemiological analysis, serological
      typing, and antibiotic resistance patterns, 17 were classified as single-strain
      outbreaks. Six were classified as common-source outbreaks: of these, three were
      caused by contaminated urological instruments or solutions, two involved bathing
      in contaminated whirlpools, and one was caused by contaminated lens prostheses
      implanted during eye surgery. The ability of P. aeruginosa to survive or grow in
      wet environments was important in each of these six outbreaks. Eight outbreaks
      were classified as cross-infection. Two involved the urinary tract and were
      caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Six involved the respiratory tract, but
      only one was caused by an antibiotic-resistant strain. In 2 of the 17 single
      strain outbreaks, the exact mode of transmission could not be determined. One was
      an outbreak of pseudobacteremia in which patient blood cultures were contaminated
      with a single strain, presumably during collection of specimens or culture
      processing, P. aeruginosa serogroup O11 caused 9 of 17 (53%) single-strain
      outbreaks, a surprising finding since this serogroup represents only about 8% of
      endemic hospital isolates of this species. Serotyping was very useful in
      epidemiological analysis, but antibiotic susceptibility patterns were less
      useful.

PMID- 6811611
TI  - Comparison of a fluorometric method with radial immunodiffusion assays for
      determination of complement components C3 and C4.
AB  - Measurements of patient serum complement components C3 and C4 are useful
      indicators of complement consumption in immune complex diseases. A fluorometric
      quantitative immunofluorescence system was evaluated in terms of measuring these
      complement components, and the results were compared with those of radial
      immunodiffusion assays. For comparison of the two systems, 232 patient sera were
      evaluated for C3, and 202 specimens were tested for C4. Analysis of the data by
      linear regression indicated a proportional difference between the methods. C3 and
      C4 concentrations measured by the fluorometric method were lower than those
      measured by radial immunodiffusion, especially concentrations exceeding the
      normal ranges. In detecting lower concentrations (less than 120 mg/dl for C3 and
      less than 25 mg/dl for C4), the two methods showed better agreement. Each assay
      system was reproducible and could be used to evaluate changes that occur in
      concentrations of complement components during therapeutic treatment. However,
      the ease in processing a large volume of specimens and the short time needed to
      complete the assay are advantages that make the fluorometric method more suitable
      than radial immunodiffusion for use in a large clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6811612
TI  - Identification of clinical isolates of mycobacteria with gas-liquid
      chromatography: a 10-month follow-up study.
AB  - Identification of routine mycobacterial isolates by gas-liquid chromatography
      profile analysis was performed on 335 strains received at the Mayo Clinic over a
      10-month period. Comparison of identification by gas-liquid chromatography versus
      conventional biochemical profiles was made. The two methods agreed on the
      identification of 320 isolates, with gas-liquid chromatography profiling making
      eight errors and biochemical profiling making four errors. In three cases,
      discrepancies could not be resolved.

PMID- 6811613
TI  - Cross-reactivity of antibodies to chicken brain choline acetyltransferase with
      mammalian enzyme.
AB  - An antiserum was obtained from immunized rabbit after 3 subcutaneous injections
      of 100 micrograms each of a purified chicken choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      preparation, which had a specific activity of 2.32 mumol acetylcholine
      formed/min/mg protein. The antiserum or immunoglobulins strongly inhibited ChAt
      activities from chicken and mammalian brains in immunoprecipitation experiments.
      Furthermore, on double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic plates single
      precipitin lines were obtained with either pure or crude enzyme preparations from
      both chicken and human brain, and with crude preparations from rat and rabbit
      brain. Results from double immunodiffusion also showed non-identity reactions
      between avian and mammalian ChAT and partial identity among enzymes from
      different mammalian species. This study on cross-reactivity demonstrates that
      chicken and mammalian ChAT are non-identical enzymes, but common antibody
      recognition sites exist that appear to be monospecific for ChAT.

PMID- 6811614
TI  - Mesenchyme-epithelial interactions in human endometrium. Prostaglandin synthesis
      in separated cell types.
AB  - Glandular epithelium and stromal cells of human endometrium were separated and
      maintained in monolayer culture. At the time the cells became confluent, cell
      suspensions were prepared and incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid. Radiolabeled
      prostaglandin E2 and, to a lesser extent, prostaglandin F2 alpha and metabolites
      of these prostaglandins, were formed principally in stromal cells. There was
      considerably less prostaglandin formation in endometrial glands either after
      maintenance in monolayer culture or in freshly separated glands. In stromal cells
      of endometrium prostaglandin formation was linear with time of incubation for 2.5
      min and with [14C]arachidonic acid concentrations up to 8 microM. When stromal
      cells and epithelial cells were combined, all prostaglandin formation could be
      accounted for by that produced in stromal cells. Little or no prostaglandin
      formation was detected in stromal cells from human adipose tissue or in
      fibroblasts from human genital or abdominal skin or human fallopian tube.

PMID- 6811617
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of the posthysterectomy pelvis.
AB  - Ultrasound findings in pelvic examinations of 80 patients with a previous
      hysterectomy are evaluated. Ovaries were located low in the pelvis close to the
      superior end of the vagina in a large number of patients. An enlarged ovary
      contiguous with the superior end of the vagina may simulate the appearance of the
      uterus. Occasionally, the superior end of the vagina or cervical remnant (in
      patients with a supracervical hysterectomy) may be prominent and should not be
      mistaken for a pathologic mass.

PMID- 6811615
TI  - Transplant immunity in hamsters treated with ultrasound.
AB  - Hamsters with subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were treated by excision and by exposure
      to 5-MHz ultrasound for six minutes at an intensity of 3 W/sq cm. Rates for
      successful elimination of the tumors were between 80% and 90% and were not
      significantly different for the two methods of treatment. After 30 days, the
      animals were challenged with the same tumor cells. Animals successfully treated
      with ultrasound or excision required at least 10 times as many cells to produce a
      tumor as controls, indicating that eradication of the tumor by ultrasound induced
      a level of transplant immunity at least as good as that resulting from surgical
      excision.

PMID- 6811616
TI  - Improved two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for left ventricular
      aneurysm detection.
AB  - In order to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of a new two
      dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting left ventricular aneurysms,
      16 patients suspected of having aneurysms were evaluated prospectively. Left
      ventricular angiography demonstrated aneurysms in 15 of the 16 patients. All 15
      were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography but three were identified only
      in a view rotated 45 degrees clockwise from the apical four-chamber view. The
      analysis of 16 wall segments for each patient showed excellent agreement between
      two observers. Therefore, two-dimensional echocardiography, utilizing four apical
      views 45 degrees apart, is reliable and reproducible for the detection of left
      ventricular aneurysms.

PMID- 6811618
TI  - An echographic evaluation during the early puerperium of the uterine wound after
      caesarean section.
AB  - Serial echographic evaluation of the uterine wound after lower uterine segment
      caesarean section was performed on 48 puerperal patients. Similar examinations
      after vaginal delivery were carried out on 14 puerperal patients. The aim of this
      study was to determine whether evidence of abnormal healing could be detected by
      this method. Although three distinctive patterns were noted, no correlation with
      clinical findings could be made and no conclusions could be drawn.

PMID- 6811619
TI  - Gonococcal endocarditis: cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic
      ring abscess.

PMID- 6811620
TI  - In utero sonographic detection of abnormal twin pregnancy.

PMID- 6811621
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder presenting as
      acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 6811622
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of placenta increta.

PMID- 6811623
TI  - The large inferior vena cava--a sign in arteriovenous fistula between the right
      common iliac artery and the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 6811624
TI  - Pulmonary sequestration: ultrasonic appearance.

PMID- 6811625
TI  - Diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm by ultrasound.

PMID- 6811626
TI  - The Tugger technique of ultrasonically-guided percutaneous puncture using a wide
      field real-time scanner.

PMID- 6811627
TI  - The Howie code: is the price of safety too high?
AB  - The code of practice for the prevention of infection in clinical laboratories and
      postmortem rooms (the "Howie code") was produced in order to standardise
      laboratory safety procedures at a level which would minimise risks to laboratory
      workers. The costs of implementing this code, which were not given proper
      consideration when the code was drawn up, are seen to be very high. This paper
      questions whether the benefits of risk reduction resulting from the code can
      justify the high cost of its implementation. Beginning with an examination of the
      incidence in recent years of laboratory-acquired infections, the paper looks at
      the perceptions of risk by laboratory workers and the feasibility of low cost
      alternatives to those of the Howie code. The potential benefits of the code are
      then viewed against the cost of upgrading the laboratories of two Scottish
      hospitals to Howie standards. The fact of high costs relative to benefits
      reinforces the paper's call for the proper consideration of economic issues to be
      given at the development rather than the implementation stage of any regulatory
      codes.

PMID- 6811628
TI  - The effects of environmental diversity on well-fed and previously undernourished
      rats: I. Body and brain measurements.

PMID- 6811630
TI  - Who benefits from the education of our youth? Who should pay for it?

PMID- 6811629
TI  - Arachnoiditis ossificans.

PMID- 6811631
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma. Report of a case with electron microscopy studies.

PMID- 6811632
TI  - Dental health of children of migrant farmworkers in Hartford, Connecticut.

PMID- 6811633
TI  - The Edlan flap: the concept of limited vestibuloplasty.

PMID- 6811634
TI  - Why implement a preventive dental educational program for the elderly?

PMID- 6811635
TI  - The unincorporated business tax. A selective income tax.

PMID- 6811636
TI  - Continuing educational goals and learning needs of community nurses who care for
      patients with cancer.

PMID- 6811637
TI  - Methods of teaching--revisited nursing rounds and bedside clinics.

PMID- 6811638
TI  - Highlights from the JCEN reader survey.

PMID- 6811639
TI  - CE footprints on Arizona highways.

PMID- 6811640
TI  - Comparing two methods to teach physical assessment skills to community health
      nurses.

PMID- 6811641
TI  - Variations in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - To verify that variations caused by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in O2 intake
      (VO2) and CO2 output (VCO2) can affect respiratory function of non-hypercatabolic
      patients, we studied 18 patients in two groups; group I (control): eight patients
      receiving 75-100 g glucose/24 h, and group II: ten patients fed intravenously on
      13.6 g N2 and approximately 2,800 kcal/24 h given as a) 62% glucose + 38% fats
      (TPN-G + F) and b) 100% glucose (TPN-G). VO2, VCO2, respiratory quotient (RQ) and
      minute ventilation (VE) were measured in all patients. We found that VCO2 was 27%
      higher in intravenously fed patients (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02).
      Similarly, VE was 26% higher in intravenously fed patients (p less than 0.001 and
      p less than 0.02). Comparison of TPN-G + F and TPN-G results showed no
      differences in VCO2; by contrast, VO2 was 21% less during TPN-G (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 6811642
TI  - Evaluation of care for the aged: a multipurpose guide.
AB  - There is a growing recognition of the need to evaluate quality of care. As the
      aged are a particularly vulnerable group, often dependent on care-givers for
      their remaining years, it is important to control related services. An
      interdisciplinary workgroup prepared a tool which lists cues to be considered in
      determining the quality of care for the age in ambulatory services, home care
      programmes, short-and long-term institutions. The cues fall into six domains:
      physical environment, psychosocial environment, basic personal care, health care,
      family involvement and manpower. The tool can be used by clients and families for
      selecting placement for care; by caregivers in choosing or remaining in a place
      of work; by those administratively responsible for care, such as supervisors, or
      licensing bodies for controlling performance and policy; and by other involved
      persons, such as educators, researchers, volunteers or funding agencies for their
      specific purposes.

PMID- 6811643
TI  - Pyrethroid metabolism: comparative fate in rats of tralomethrin, tralocythrin,
      deltamethrin, and (1R, alpha S)-cis-cypermethrin.

PMID- 6811644
TI  - Merger 1980: the organizational integration of college mental health services.

PMID- 6811645
TI  - Effect of immunotherapy on immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G antibodies to
      ragweed antigens: a six-year prospective study.

PMID- 6811648
TI  - Potentially dangerous diagnostic approach to ankle injuries.

PMID- 6811647
TI  - Decrease of complement hemolytic activity after an allergen-house dust-bronchial
      provocation test.
AB  - Twenty-two children with bronchial asthma and positive skin tests to house-dust
      allergen were subjected to a bronchial provocation test with the allergen, and
      both bronchial reactions and serum complement hemolytic activity were measured at
      different intervals after the challenge. Changes in complement hemolytic activity
      did not correspond either with early or late bronchial reaction to the allergen.
      A reproducible drop in complement hemolytic activity after allergen challenge was
      observed in eight patients and could be prevented in four out of seven patients
      by sodium cromoglycate. The duration of early bronchial obstructive reaction was
      longer in tests where parallel complement changes were observed.

PMID- 6811646
TI  - Comparison of the allergenicity and antigenicity of Polistes venom and other
      vespid venoms.
AB  - The crossantigenicity of Polistes venom with other vespid venoms was examined
      with rabbit and human antisera. Venom preparations from various Polistes species
      were obtained by electrical stimulation of individual insects and venom sac
      dissection. Rabbit antibodies were raised to the venom (P. apachus) and venom sac
      extract (P. exclamans). Human antisera were obtained from patients allergic to
      Polistes and other vespid venoms. The venom appeared to be more potent than the
      venom sac preparations in reactions with rabbit IgG and human IgE antibodies.
      Among the Polistes species, P. exclamans, P. instablis, and P. apachus venoms
      showed several lines of precipitation with rabbit antisera, and P. annularis and
      P. fuscatus venoms only one line, suggesting quantitative or qualitative
      antigenic differences. In RAST analysis, most sera reacted equally to all
      Polistes species but occasional exceptions were noted, again suggesting
      differences in venom allergens. P. exclamans-coupled discs gave the most
      consistent results. In gel diffusion experiments, there was no crossreactivity
      between Polistes and yellow jacket venoms and only limited crossreactivity
      between Polistes and hornet venoms. Patients sensitive to Polistes venom showed
      varying degrees of reactivity to yellow jacket and hornet venoms in RAST
      analysis. Patients sensitive to other vespid venoms also showed varying degrees
      os sensitivity to Polistes venom. Polistes venom appears to contain a genus
      unique antigen (allergen). In addition, there appear to be some crossreacting
      antigens in Polistes and other vespid venoms but to a much lesser degree than
      found previously in the analysis of the relationship of yellow jacket and hornet
      venoms.

PMID- 6811649
TI  - [The effects of tamoxifen on the hormones and the sperm in 80 oligospermic and
      asthenospermic men].

PMID- 6811651
TI  - Preliminary methodology for controlled cost-benefit study of drug impact: the
      effect of cimetidine on days of work lost in a short-term trial in duodenal
      ulcer.
AB  - The phase II/III U.S. clinical drug trials for cimetidine (Tagamet) in duodenal
      ulcer were examined for their potential application to cost-benefit analysis.
      Data on "time lost from work" were obtained from a special protocol added to
      these short-term, double-blind trials of cimetidine. Sixty-four outpatients from
      the clinical trials remained from an original pool of 217 after exclusion of
      those subjects who were either retired, unemployed, or of uncertain employment
      status. Cimetidine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing
      "time lost from work" during ulcer disease. The patients' "time lost from work"
      occurred as a strikingly all-or-nothing phenomenon. We conclude that a
      prospective clinical trial is appropriate for gathering economic data.

PMID- 6811652
TI  - A technique for freeze-drying of central nervous tissue for serotonin
      histofluorescence.

PMID- 6811650
TI  - Changes in hypoxanthine and lactate during and after hypoxia in the fetal sheep
      with chronically-implanted vascular catheters.
AB  - The effect of intra-uterine hypoxia on the hypoxanthine and lactate concentration
      in fetal sheep with catheters chronically implanted was investigated. Experiments
      were conducted on five fetuses. Sixty-four blood samples from nine hypoxic and
      recovery periods were analysed. A significant increase of hypoxanthine and
      lactate occurred in parallel with the fall of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)
      and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) during the first 20 min of hypoxia. The
      elevations in plasma hypoxanthine and lactate were significantly greater during
      more severe hypoxia than mild hypoxia, as judged from the amount of low oxygen
      gas mixture given to the ewe (7 or 9%). There were no difference in PaO2 and only
      minor difference in SaO2 between the two groups. The increase in lactate over 20
      min was the same throughout the one-hour period of hypoxia, while the increase of
      hypoxanthine was less pronounced at the end of the period. This might be due to
      the fact that hypoxanthine was cleared from fetal plasma at a fairly rapid rate,
      half of the excess concentration being eliminated after 25 +/- 21 min compared to
      85 +/- 47 min for lactate in six experiments post hypoxia. Linear regression
      analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between hypoxanthine and SaO2,
      pH and lactate (P less than 0.001). These three variables explained 77% of the
      variance of hypoxanthine, when calculated by multiple regression analysis.

PMID- 6811653
TI  - Corticosteroids inhibit murine macrophage Ia expression and interleukin 1
      production.
AB  - Corticosteroids have profound effects on functions of the macrophage associated
      with antigen presentation to T cells. The drugs inhibited the expression of
      surface I-region-associated (Ia) antigens by peritoneal macrophages both in vitro
      and in vivo, reduced the production of IL 1, and inhibited antigen presentation
      for T cell proliferation by macrophages. The doses of hydrocortisone and
      prednisolone that inhibited by 50% Ia expression in cultured macrophages ranged
      around 2 to 5 x 10(-8) M. These results could explain one mechanism by which
      corticosteroids suppress the induction of immune responses.

PMID- 6811655
TI  - Structural and numerical variations of the carbohydrate moiety of immunoglobulin
      G.
AB  - Oligosaccharide patterns obtained from human IgG by hydrazinolysis were fairly
      constant from sample to sample. In contrast, a variety of oligosaccharide
      patterns were obtained from IgG myeloma proteins. Structural analysis of each
      oligosaccharide by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation studied
      indicated that the different patterns of IgG myeloma proteins are produced by
      different degrees of incompleteness of the formation of a single sugar chain: Sia
      alpha 2 leads to Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2 Man alpha 1 leads
      to 6(Sia alpha 2 leads to Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Man alpha 1
      leads to 3)(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to
      4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAcOT.

PMID- 6811654
TI  - Anti-haptene T suppressor factor acts through an I-J+, Ly1-2+, T acceptor cell
      that releases a nonspecific inhibitor of the transfer of contact sensitivity when
      exposed to antigen.

PMID- 6811656
TI  - An allotypic specificity on the CH1 domain of mouse IgA.

PMID- 6811657
TI  - Drug transfer into lymphoblasts mediated by liposomes bound to distinct sites on
      H-2 encoded I-A, I-E, and K molecules.
AB  - Protein A from S. aureus was covalently coupled to small sonicated liposomes
      containing methotrexate (MTX) and carboxyfluorescein (CF). These liposomes were
      incubated with mitogen-stimulated CBA T or B cells preincubated with one of a
      panel of murine IgG2 monoclonal antibodies directed at distinct sites on H-2Kk, I
      Ak, or I-Ek molecules. Liposomes became bound to the cells as a consequence of
      the interaction of protein A on the liposome and antibody on the cell. The number
      of bound liposomes was measured by fluorescence, and the endocytosis of liposomes
      was evaluated by the MTX-mediated reduction in radiolabeled deoxyuridine
      incorporation. T cells were sensitive to MTX in liposomes bound to all anti-H-2Kk
      antibodies tested, but B cells were essentially insensitive, even though they
      expressed more H-2Kk, bound more liposomes directed at this molecule, and were
      equally sensitive to free MTX. By contrast, B cells were sensitive to liposome
      encapsulated MTX when liposomes were bound to any antibody directed at I-Ak. The
      situation was more complex with respect to I-Ek. Antibodies directed at one part
      of the molecule were quite effective at drug delivery, while antibodies directed
      at other, spatially separate domains were much less effective, even though the
      number of liposomes bound to these various determinants was the same. The results
      suggest differential regulation of the internalization of H-2K by T and B cells,
      and are compatible with the existence of functionally distinct I-E molecules.

PMID- 6811658
TI  - The human HLA-DR antigens are encoded by multiple beta-chain loci.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to isolate and characterize human HLA-DR
      antigens from human B cell lines. Using sequential immunodepletion experiments,
      several subsets of DR antigens have been identified. Partial amino-terminal amino
      acid sequencing has identified these subsets as DR molecules with sequences
      homologous to the murine I-E alloantigens. In addition, sequence data provide
      evidence for primary structural differences in the DR beta-chains of two of the
      subsets. These results provide primary structural evidence for the presence of
      multiple DR beta-chain loci.

PMID- 6811659
TI  - Experimental murine hypersensitivity pneumonitis: multigenic control and
      influence by genes within the I-B subregion of the H-2 complex.
AB  - An animal model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was developed in the mouse by
      immunization with pigeon dropping extract (PDE) in complete Freund's adjuvant,
      followed by daily aerosol challenge with soluble specific antigen. C3H/He (H-2k)
      mice developed intense diffuse interstitial lung disease and were classified as
      high responders. On the other hand C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice developed only mild
      perivascular infiltration. Moreover, although high-responder C3H/He mice
      developed delayed hypersensitivity to PDE, low-responder C57BL/10 mice failed to
      develop this reactivity. Breeding studies in F1 and F2 progeny of C3H/He high
      responders and C57BL/10 low responders showed that responsiveness was multigenic.
      B10.BR (H-2k) mice also developed intense PDE-induced diffuse interstitial lung
      disease, suggesting that genes within the H-2 complex influence the development
      of pulmonary inflammation. On the other hand, C3H.SW (H-2b) mice were also high
      responders, possibly because of non-H-2 genes in the C3H/He background that
      influenced responsiveness. Studies in H-2 recombinant strains with C57BL/10
      backgrounds mapped the H-2-linked genes that influence responsiveness within the
      I-B subregion.

PMID- 6811660
TI  - Measurement of antibodies to meningococcal group B polysaccharide: low avidity
      binding and equilibrium binding constants.

PMID- 6811661
TI  - Immunologic deficiency during experimental Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi
      infection): role of adherent, nonspecific esterase-positive splenic cells.
AB  - The involvement of adherent splenic cells in the production of deficient
      lymphocyte responses during the acute phase of experimental Chagas' disease was
      investigated. When cultured together, purified adherent splenocytes from mice
      acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi caused a significant reduction in the
      responses of normal mouse spleen cells to T and B cell-specific mitogens. Similar
      observations were made when infected mouse adherent splenocytes were co-cultured
      with normal mouse nonadherent cells. Exchange of adherent cells in infected mouse
      spleen cells suspensions for adherent cells from uninfected mice resulted in
      increased responses to stimulation with the T and B cell mitogens tested.
      Treatment of infected mouse cell suspensions with indomethacin improved the
      responsiveness of these cells to the mitogens. These results support the concept
      that the immunosuppression that is characteristic of experimental acute Chagas'
      disease is at least in part mediated by an adherent cell population and is
      dependent on a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism.

PMID- 6811662
TI  - Selection of hybridomas and hybridoma variants using the fluorescence activated
      cell sorter.

PMID- 6811663
TI  - Differentiation of extracellular from ingested Candida albicans blastospores in
      phagocytosis tests by staining with fluorescein-labelled concanavalin A.
AB  - In phagocytosis tests with human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, extracellular
      blastospores of Candida albicans could be distinguished microscopically from
      ingested blastospores mor easily than with methods used previously by staining
      phagocyte monolayers with fluorescent-labelled concanavalin A. This stain reacted
      with the cell wall mannan of extracellular blastospores but seemed unable to
      reach that of the ingested blastospores. This technique both improves
      determination of phagocytic indices and checks that extracellular blastospores
      have been washed away before assessment of intracellular survival and growth.

PMID- 6811664
TI  - Enzymes and combinations thereof as potential anti-plaque agents.

PMID- 6811665
TI  - Estimation of maternal and neonatal immunoglobulin levels at the time of delivery
      in cases of toxaemia of pregnancy.

PMID- 6811666
TI  - Cleft palate susceptibility maps in two H-2 subregions, H-2K to I-B and G to H
      2D.
AB  - Data presented here defines the map of H-2 associated genes which affect the
      glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate frequency to the regions H-2K to I-B and G to
      H-2D. This was done by observing in four congenic strains the frequency of cleft
      palate induced by 160 mg/kg of dexamethasone administered to pregnant females on
      day 12 of gestation. The strains used were B10.A/Sg.Sn, C57BL/10Sn, B10.A
      (5R)/SgSn and B10.A(18R)/Sg. Additionally the cleft palate frequency was observed
      in a large number of litters from saline-treated pregnant females. The cleft
      palate frequency in this control was very low and the rank of strains was the
      same as for the glucocorticoid-induced cleft-palate frequency. This observation
      suggests that the induced cleft palate frequency reflects the spontaneous
      occurrence of isolated cleft palate in these strains.

PMID- 6811667
TI  - Regulation of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis: influence of non-H-2 genes.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to investigate the non-H-2 genetic effects on
      experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). Strains having C3H or BALB background
      in general produced higher autoimmune responses to mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) than
      the B10 or A strains. Comparisons of C3H and B10 congenic strains carrying
      similar H-2 haplotypes demonstrated that the C3H congenics had significantly
      higher MTg antibody titres and more severe thyroid damage, even when the strains
      carry the low responder H-2 haplotypes. These observations show that non-H-2
      gene(s) influences EAT, in addition to genes in the MHC.

PMID- 6811669
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibilities of nutritionally variant streptococci.
AB  - Seventeen strains of nutritionally variant streptococci were examined for
      susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. All strains grew in blood culture
      medium containing blood and blood products or, in the absence of blood or blood
      products, in broth containing glucose and pyridoxal hydrochloride. Growth was
      enhanced by incubation in an atmosphere containing 5%-10% CO2 or, in some cases,
      was CO2-dependent. Rifampin, penicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin were the
      most active antibiotics tested with minimal bactericidal concentrations of 2, 1,
      2, and 2 microgram/ml, respectively, for 90% of the strains; the corresponding
      values for vancomycin and streptomycin were 32 and 16 microgram/ml, respectively.

PMID- 6811668
TI  - Orientation of loci in the major histocompatibility complex of the rat and its
      comparison to man and the mouse.
AB  - Among 290 F2 progeny of an r10 X ACP cross were two recombinants which allowed
      the loci for glyoxalase-1 and neuraminidase-1 to be mapped relative to the RT1.A
      and dw-3 loci in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat. In 673
      progeny of the same cross there was a recombinant between ft and dw-3, and in 403
      progeny of the backcross BY1 X (BY1 X BDIX)F1 there was another recombinant
      between ft and dw-3. These data, combined with those from previous studies,
      provide the information for constructing a detailed map of the rat major
      histocompatibility complex: the gene order and size in the rat are very similar
      to those in the mouse and different from those in man and in the other species
      that have been studied. Comparison of the structures of the MHC in the various
      species leads to a hypothesis about the evolution of the MHC which involves
      sequential duplications of the genes coding for class I and class II loci and an
      inversion in the prototypic muridae which placed the class II loci between the
      class I loci.

PMID- 6811670
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on epicardial and endocardial shortening characteristics
      in dogs].
AB  - In 8 dogs, several paired lead beads as radiopaque markers were implanted in the
      subepicardial and subendocardial regions, and biplane cineradiograms were
      obtained after closure of the chest. The spatial distance (segment length)
      between the two markers in the outer and inner sides of the myocardium was
      calculated using a digitizer-computer-plotter system, and the effect of
      nitroglycerin on regional left ventricular geometry was assessed. Segment length
      at the R wave of the electrocardiogram (LECG R) was reduced from 39.7 +/- 11.8
      (mean +/- SD) to 38.8 +/- 12.1 mm at the subepicardium and from 31.9 +/- 9.5 to
      29.5 +/- 10.4 mm at the subendocardium 3 minutes after intravenous injection of
      0.5 mg of nitroglycerin. Segment length at endsystole (LES) was also reduced from
      38.9 +/- 11.7 to 38.2 +/- 11.8 mm at the subepicardium and from 29.6 +/- 9.2 to
      27.9 +/- 9.9 mm at the subendocardium by nitroglycerin. Systolic shortening
      [(LECG R--LES)/LECG R] x 100) showed a slight reduction after nitroglycerin. Left
      ventricular wall thickness measured as a distance between subepicardial and
      correspondent subendocardial markers showed a slight but significant increase by
      nitroglycerin: Maximal thickness was increased from 10.9 +/- 3.2 to 11.4 +/- 3.3
      mm, and thickness at the R wave of the electrocardiogram was also increased from
      10.9 +/- 3.1 to 10.5 +/- 3.2 mm. Thickening of the wall was markedly increased at
      the anterior mid portion of the left ventricle but not at the base, suggesting
      nitroglycerin has larger effect on the former position than the latter.

PMID- 6811671
TI  - Similarities of murine gamma interferon and the lymphokine that renders
      macrophages cytotoxic.
AB  - Murine spleen lymphoid cells treated with insoluble (Sepharose bound)
      concanavalin A elaborate Gamma (immune) interferon (IFN-gamma) and macrophage
      activation factor (MAF) into the culture medium. Similarly, MAF is produced by T
      cells with other IFN-gamma inducers. MAF induces resting (noncytotoxic)
      macrophages to become tumoricidal. We have compared various physicochemical
      properties of MAF and INF-gamma, their neutralization by antibody to IFN-gamma,
      and their induction period. In these parameters, induction of antiviral activity
      was compared to induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity. All of the
      parameters studied have given results that demonstrate close similarity in the
      physical properties, molecular characteristics, and biological reactivities of
      the two lymphokines, and this similarity suggests that these two lymphokines
      reside in the same molecule. This conclusion would include that IFN-gamma, like
      IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, is capable of activating macrophages to become cytotoxic
      toward tumor cells.

PMID- 6811672
TI  - [Immunoglobulin response to pertussis].

PMID- 6811673
TI  - [Cardiac manifestation in typhoid fever: clinical and electrocardiographic
      study].

PMID- 6811674
TI  - [Indirect immunoperoxidase technique for detection of human IgG antibodies to
      Toxoplasma gondii].

PMID- 6811675
TI  - [Extrapulmonary tubercular lesions accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis in
      dialysis patients].

PMID- 6811676
TI  - [Epidemiological studies on prediction about food poisoning outbreak by
      discriminant function].

PMID- 6811677
TI  - [Comparative test of the effectiveness of clindamycin phosphate and lincomycin
      hydrochloride on acute pneumonia (I)].

PMID- 6811678
TI  - [Comparative test of the effectiveness of clindamycin phosphate and lincomycin
      hydrochloride on acute pneumonia (II)].

PMID- 6811679
TI  - [Double blind controlled study of miroprofen in acute upper respiratory tract
      infections--comparison with ibuprofen].

PMID- 6811680
TI  - Contribution of the subendothelium to prostacyclin release after vascular injury.
AB  - PGI2 release from intact and de-endothelialized vascular segments has been
      evaluated in a template device to determine the early response of the vessel wall
      to physical injury. The luminal surfaces of mechanically denuded areas of
      vascular segments released high concentrations (450 nM) of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the
      stable hydrolysis product of PGI2, in the initial hours after injury. Later the
      denuded regions of vessels had blunted 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release under basal and
      stimulated conditions equal to 5% to 25% of that obtained from adjacent intact
      regions. The recovery of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from de-endothelialized segments
      suggests that subendothelial components of the vessel wall contribute to the PGI2
      released at the luminal surface. These observations on intact and damaged vessels
      may have important implications with respect to vascular function after injury
      and the resultant platelet-vessel wall interactions.

PMID- 6811681
TI  - Characterization of proteoliposomes containing apoprotein A-I: a new substrate
      for the measurement of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity.
AB  - Proteoliposome vesicles containing apoA-I, lecithin, and cholesterol (including
      labeled cholesterol) were prepared from various molar ratios of the three
      components by the cholate dialysis technique. Comparative studies on the
      sensitivity and efficiency of these proteoliposomes to serve as substrate for
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCATase) indicated that the proteoliposome
      with apoA-I:lecithin:cholesterol molar ratio of 0.8:250:12.5 was ideal for
      assaying LCATase activity of both plasma and purified enzyme. This proteoliposome
      was shown to be comparable in size by gel filtration (radius, 131.9 +/- 4.8 A, n
      = 6) and by electron microscopy (radius, 123.4 +/- 5.1 A, n = 100). The
      proteoliposome preparation was stable as LCATase substrate for at least 3 and 5
      weeks, respectively, when stored at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C, and was a
      better substrate for the enzyme activity assay than were lecithin-cholesterol
      liposomes incubated with apoA-I. Under the standardized assay system LCATase
      activity was a linear function of plasma enzyme added and was independent of the
      amount of plasma cholesterol added to the proteoliposomes in the range of 3 to 20
      microliters of plasma. The mean LCATase activity by this method was 95.1 +/- 14.0
      (range 76.5-122.5) nmol/hr per ml of plasma from fifteen normal human subjects.
      This method of substrate formation using the cholate dialysis technique permits
      the preparation of large amounts of stable, efficient, homogeneous, and well
      defined substrate that is suitable for measuring low levels of enzyme activity,
      comparative studies, and large scale investigations of plasma LCATase, as well as
      studies of the mechanism and regulation of LCATase reaction.

PMID- 6811682
TI  - Distribution of high density lipoprotein particles with different apoprotein
      composition: particles with A-I and A-II and particles with A-I but no A-II.
AB  - High density lipoproteins (HDL) were subfractionated by equilibrium CsCl gradient
      centrifugation of the d 1.063-1.21 g/ml HDL fraction isolated from two men and
      two women. The various HDL subfractions were analyzed for their apoproteins (apo)
      A-I, A-II, B, D, and E and the major lipid contents. ApoA-I and A-II were found
      throughout the density gradient with the maximum concentration between the d
      1.105 and 1.120 g/ml fractions. ApoE was found in all HDL fractions with the
      higher concentration in the lower density fractions. Conversely, the
      concentration of apoD increased as the density of the HDL fraction increased.
      Each density subfraction underwent quantitative precipitation with anti-A-I and
      anti-A-II immunoglobulin. Essentially all A-II in all density subfractions was
      precipitated with either immunoglobulin. Particles from each density subfraction
      precipitated with anti-A-II immunoglobulin had an A-I/A-II molar ratio of
      approximately 2.0 (range 1.9-2.3). However, particles precipitated with anti-A-I
      immunoglobulin had A-I/A-II molar ratios identical to the A-I/A-II ratio of the
      subfraction (range 2.1-7.1). The subfractions (d 1.105-1.149 g/ml fractions) with
      A-I/A-II molar ratios of about 2 had the least proportion of A-I in particles
      containing A-I but not A-II. Conversely, the subfractions (d 1.063-1.075 g/ml
      fractions) with the highest A-I/A-II molar ratio had the greatest proportion of
      apoA-I in particles containing A-I but not A-II. These data indicate that HDL
      contains at least two types of particles: particles with both A-I and A-II in a
      2:1 molar ratio, and particles containing A-I but no A-II. The variation in A-I/A
      II ratio observed in different HDL density subfractions was due to the different
      proportions of these two types of particles.

PMID- 6811683
TI  - Future directions for public mental health systems.

PMID- 6811684
TI  - The care-monitoring, cost-forecasting, and cost-monitoring system.

PMID- 6811685
TI  - Superovulation induced by a single pituitary gland transplanted beneath the
      kidney capsule in adult rats.
AB  - Different numbers of rat pituitary glands, taken from male and female rats before
      and after puberty, were transplanted into various sites in female rats at
      different stages of the oestrous cycle. Ovulation was checked by counting ova in
      oviducts on the next expected day of ovulation. Ovulation was induced by
      transplantation beneath the kidney capsule in early dioestrus of half, one or
      three glands from 35- to 41-day-old male rats (18.6+/-3.1 (S.E.M.), 32.6+/-2.8
      and 49.8+/-4.8 ova shed respectively). The transplantation of glands from mature
      female rats did not induce supraovulation but inhibited the expected ovulation.
      The most effective stage for inducing superovulation was early dioestrus and, to
      a lesser extent, most effective stage for inducing superovulation was early
      dioestrus and, to a lesser extent, oestrus; transplantation during late dioestrus
      was ineffective. The effective sites of transplantation were beneath the kidney
      capsule and intramuscularly but not subcutaneously. Representative pituitary
      glands from 35- to 41-day-old male rats and adult female rats were assayed for LH
      and FSH content to interpret the mechanisms of superovulation . The pituitary
      glands from the male rats contained larger amounts of LH and especially of FSH
      than those found in the female rats. The experiments indicated that
      superovulation can be induced successfully by the transplantation of a single
      pituitary gland from male and immature female rats without any additional
      treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin; the failure of the female pituitary
      transplants to induce superovulation may be due to the insufficient content of LH
      and FSH.

PMID- 6811686
TI  - Distribution and number of gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of
      prepubertal female rats.
AB  - The localization and number of LH- and FSH-containing cells (LH cells and FSH
      cells) in the pituitary gland of prepubertal female rats aged 5 micron, 10, 20,
      25 and 30 days were determined by means of immunocytochemical light microscopy of
      5 horizontal sections. Anti-rat LHbeta and anti-rat FSHbeta were used in
      combination with the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The
      gonadotrophic cells were regularly distributed throughout the pars distalis but
      at 5 and 10 days of age few LH and FSH cells were found in lateral regions. The
      numbers of LH and FSH cells per pituitary gland increased with age. The number of
      LH cells per unit volume of pituitary tissue reached a maximum at 20 days; the
      number of FSH cells reached a maximum at 15 days and then decreased with
      increasing age. At all ages except 5 days more LH than FSH cells were counted per
      unit volume. Some cells reacting with both anti-rat LHbeta and anti-rat FSHbeta
      were detected. Comparison of the data obtained on the dynamics of cell number
      with data previously obtained on pituitary gonadotrophin content suggests that at
      successive prepubertal ages LH and FSH cells contain increasing amounts of their
      respective hormones.

PMID- 6811687
TI  - Mutations affecting the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The development of the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster was
      studied by analysing mutations that cause flightlessness. Twenty-five mutations
      on the X-chromosome and two on the third chromosome were examined. The X
      chromosomal mutations form ten complementation units. The ten loci were assigned
      preliminary map positions by meiotic recombination and deficiencies and
      duplications. The two autosomal mutations represent two genes. Gynandromorph
      analyses suggest that many of these mutations have their primary effect in the
      presumptive thoracic muscle region of the embryo. The mutations cause a variety
      of characteristic defects, such as absence of the bulk of the thoracic muscle
      mass, or absence of only one of the two fibrillar muscle groups.
      Electronmicroscopic studies of sixteen mutants representing all twelve loci
      reveal abnormal myofibrillar organization in some of these mutants, e.g. aberrant
      or missing Z-bands, or absence of the thin filaments. Mutant protein patterns,
      obtained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, show the following
      differences from wild type: ten mutants are characterized by absence of reduction
      of the 54 K protein, and most mutants exhibit a reduction and modification of the
      80 and 90 K proteins. The absence of reduction of the 54 K protein was strongly
      correlated with aberrant Z-bands.

PMID- 6811688
TI  - Interrelationships between clinical medicine and clinical chemistry, illustrated
      by the example of the German-speaking countries inthe late 19th century.
AB  - The development of Clinical Chemistry in the German-speaking countries in the
      second half of the 19th century is characterized by a close relationship between
      Clinical Medicine and Clinical Chemistry. Clinical Chemistry lost its relatively
      independent basis and was performed by clinicians themselves. Using examples, it
      is shown that the new concept of "pathological physiology" led to the adoption of
      clinical chemistry as an area of clinical research. As a result of this
      development laboratories were established in hospitals, and clinical-chemical
      examinations were used in clinical practice more than before. Even medicine
      itself, e.g., nosography was influenced by this development.

PMID- 6811689
TI  - Family Practice Grand Rounds. Surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis:
      clinical, psychosocial, and economic considerations.

PMID- 6811691
TI  - Classification of Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Mycobacterium senegalense by
      immunodiffusion and thin-layer chromatography of long-chain components.
AB  - Comparative immunodiffusion studies and thin-layer chromatographic analyses of
      whole-organism acid methanolysates were performed on 37 strains of Mycobacterium
      farcinogenes, Mycobacterium senegalense and Nocardia farcinica. The latter were
      clearly distinguished from the mycobacteria in containing a single mycolic acid
      methyl ester and showing more precipitinogens with nocardial than with
      mycobacterial and rhodococcal reference systems. The distribution of
      precipitinogens showed that M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense were very closely
      related and that both showed a greater affinity to Mycobacterium fortuitum than
      to any of the other established species of Mycobacterium tested. The complex
      pattern of alpha-mycolates and characteristic polar mycolates found in both M.
      farcinogenes and M. senegalense has only previously been found in M. fortuitum
      and Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 6811690
TI  - The structure and content of family practice: current status and future trends.

PMID- 6811692
TI  - Correlations between structure and antimycobacterial activity in a series of 2
      acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones.
AB  - The antimycobacterial activity of a new series of 2-acetylpyridine
      thiosemicarbazones was determined in vitro using Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC
      607. The resulting log minimal inhibitory concentration (mumol l-1) values were
      plotted against the partition coefficient (log P) values for each compound, and
      fell on a parabolic distribution curve having a log P opt of 3.0. Compounds
      having partition coefficients outside the range 2.0 to 4.0 were inactive against
      M. smegmatis. When similar assays were carried out using M. tuberculosis, M.
      kansasii, M. marinum, M. simiae, M. avium and M. intracellulare, a similar series
      of parabolic activity curves were obtained having log P opt values around 4.0.
      The significance of this shift in the log P opt value obtained using the slow
      growing pathogenic mycobacteria compared to that observed with the rapid-growing
      M. smegmatis is discussed in relation to the structures of the variable
      substituents of these new 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone compounds.

PMID- 6811693
TI  - The characteristics of peptide uptake in Streptococcus faecalis: studies on the
      transport of natural peptides and antibacterial phosphonopeptides.
AB  - Transport of natural peptides and antibacterial phosphonopeptide analogues was
      studied in Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790. Competition studies, and the
      isolation of peptide-transport deficient mutants, indicate the presence of two
      peptide permeases. One is a high-rate system used by dipeptides, and to a lesser
      extent tripeptides; the other is a low-rate oligopeptide system. Following
      uptake, peptides are cleaved and their amino acid residues may undergo rapid
      exodus. Different strains of S. faecalis differ in their rates of peptide
      transport.

PMID- 6811694
TI  - Thymine metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1: the presence of a salvage
      pathway.
AB  - Exogenous thymine was found to be taken up very slowly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      in comparison to other pyrimidines, and most of it was catabolized by the cell.
      The existence of a functional, although inefficient, thymine salvage pathway was
      demonstrated and this pathway operated more effectively when de novo thymidine
      nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited by trimethoprim or methotrexate. The
      mechanism of thymine salvage by P. aeruginosa appears to be different from that
      of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas acidovorans as thymidine was not incorporated
      into the DNA. Like P. acidovorans, P. aeruginosa lacked thymidine phosphorylase
      activity. Unsuccessful attempts were made to isolate thymine auxotrophs.

PMID- 6811695
TI  - Bacteriophage PBSX-induced deletion mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 constitutive
      for alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with deletions extending from the PBSX prophage, and
      in some cases removing pro(AB) and metC, have been found to be constitutive for
      vegetatively synthesized alkaline phosphatase. Such deletions were isolated by
      selecting for heat-resistant derivatives of a strain carrying a xhi-1479 mutation
      causing heat-inducibility of the defective phage PBSX. These deletions remove the
      phoS gene, a regulatory gene for alkaline phosphatase; it is concluded that the
      phoS gene product exerts negative control on alkaline phosphatase synthesis.
      Deletion mapping, combined with previously published linkage data, indicates a
      gene order of PBSX-phoS-pro(AB)-metC.

PMID- 6811696
TI  - Numerical classification of some Rhodococci, Corynebacteria and related
      organisms.
AB  - Nineteen strains of Corynebacterium sensu stricto, 23 received as Corynebacterium
      equi or Rhodococcus equi, marker cultures of Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium,
      Bacterionema matruchotii, Cellulomonas flavigena, Kurthia zopfii, Listeria
      denitrificans, Microbacterium lacticum, Rhodococcus rubropertinctus and 88
      representatives of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and the 'aurantiaca'
      taxon were the subject of numerical phenetic analyses using 92 characters. The
      data were examined using the simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard (SJ) coefficients
      and clustering was achieved using the average linkage algorithm. With a single
      exception, strains containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and
      mycolic acids were recovered in five aggregate clusters corresponding to
      Corynebacterium sensu stricto, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and the
      'aurantiaca' taxon. Most of the Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi strains formed
      a good taxospecies which included the type strain of Corynebacterium hoagii. The
      numerical data, and the results of earlier chemical and genetical studies, also
      provide sufficient evidence for the transfer of Bacterionema matruchotii to
      Corynebacterium sensu stricto as Corynebacterium matruchotii comb.nov. and for
      the recognition of Rhodococcus globerulus sp.nov. for some strains previously
      classified as Rhodococcus rubropertinctus (Hefferan) Goodfellow & Alderson. The
      classification of the remaining marker strains correlates well with other major
      developments in coryneform taxonomy.

PMID- 6811697
TI  - Quantitative analysis of axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins in chicken
      oculomotor nerve.
AB  - We studied the axonal transport characteristics of major cytoskeletal proteins:
      tubulin, the 69,000 molecular weight protein of chicken neurofilaments, and
      actin. After intracerebral injection of [35S]methionine, we monitored the
      specific radioactivity of these proteins as they passed through a very short
      nerve segment of the chicken oculomotor nerve. Specific radioactivities were
      assessed by quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography. The transport patterns obtained for tubulin
      and the neurofilament protein were very similar, corresponding to transport rate
      ranges of 1-15 and 1-10 mm/day, respectively. A narrower velocity range of 3 to
      4.3 mm/day was found for actin. Tubulin and the neurofilament protein appeared to
      be largely dispersed during the course of their transit along the nerve. The
      radioactivity associated with the proteins studied persisted in the nerve segment
      for a long time after the bulk of the labeled molecules had swept down. Finally,
      none of these proteins was observed to be transported with the fast axonal
      transport.

PMID- 6811698
TI  - Enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase) activity: selective
      radioassay, properties, and regional distribution in human brain.
AB  - The compound [3H]Tyr1,D-Ala2,Leu-OH5]enkephalin has been synthesised as a
      potentially selective substrate for enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase
      (enkephalinase) activity in brain. Incubations in the presence of homogenates and
      particulate fractions from rodent and human brain result in the formation of
      [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly, which can be conveniently isolated by polystyrene bead column
      chromatography. The enzyme activity responsible for the hydrolysis of the Gly3
      Phe4 amide bond of this substrate displays close resemblance to that hydrolysing
      the natural enkephalins at the same level. In addition, enkephalinase activity
      characterised in postmortem human brain is closely similar to that in rodent
      brain, with regard to optimal pH and apparent affinities of various substrates
      and inhibitors, including the potent compound thiorphan. Enkephalinase activity
      is distributed in a highly heterogeneous fashion among regions of human brain,
      the highest levels being found in globus pallidus and pars reticulata of the
      substantia nigra. This distribution is poorly correlated with that of opiate
      receptor binding sites but displays some resemblance to that of reported Met5
      enkephalin levels.

PMID- 6811699
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of intermediate filament proteins in the rat CNS.
AB  - The biosynthesis of brain intermediate filament proteins [neurofilament proteins
      and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA)] was studied with cell-free systems
      containing either rat spinal cord polysomes (free polysomes or rough microsomes)
      and rabbit reticulocyte factors or wheat germ homogenate containing spinal cord
      messenger RNA. The products of translation were isolated by immunoaffinity
      chromatography and then analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE)
      followed by fluorography. The free polysome population was found to synthesize
      two neurofilament proteins (MW 145K, pI 5.4, and MW 70K, pI 5.3) and three
      isomers of GFA (alpha, beta, and gamma) that differ in isoelectric point. Wheat
      germ homogenate containing messenger RNA extracted from free cord polysomes
      synthesized two proteins that comigrated with neurofilament protein standards at
      145K 5.4 and 70K 5.3; these proteins were partially purified by neurofilament
      affinity chromatography. The wheat germ system also synthesized the alpha, beta,
      and gamma isomers of GFA as characterized by immunoaffinity chromatographic
      purification and comigration with standards in 2DGE analysis. Our data are
      consistent with the conclusion that synthesis of neurofilament proteins requires
      multiple messenger RNAs. Also, synthesis of intermediate filament proteins occurs
      in the free polysome population; detectable amounts of these proteins were not
      synthesized by the rough microsomes.

PMID- 6811700
TI  - Brain maturation following administration of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and sodium
      valproate to developing rats or to their dams: effects on synthesis of brain
      myelin and other subcellular membrane proteins.
AB  - The anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, and
      phenytoin-sodium valproate in combination were administered daily to (a) pregnant
      rats starting on the 5th day after conception, and continued through 17 days
      postpartum, or (b) to developing rats between 3 and 17 days of age. Each drug was
      prepared in water and administered at either a therapeutic dose (TD), three times
      therapeutic dose (3TD), or 9TD. Drug administration had no discernible effect on
      litter size or sex ratio in the offspring; however, phenobarbital administration
      to dams caused small but significant reductions in birth weights. Body weights of
      developing rats treated with anticonvulsant drugs either via dams of directly by
      intraperitoneal injection lagged behind controls. At 20-24 days of age the brain
      weights of the offspring of phenobarbital (9TD)-exposed dams lagged control
      weights by 5% whereas brain weights in the offspring of the other treated groups
      were indistinguishable from controls. In contrast, administration of
      phenobarbital directly to developing rats caused no significant brain weight
      deficits whereas significant deficits were observed with phenytoin (9TD), sodium
      valproate (9TD), and phenytoin-sodium valproate (9TD) in combination. AT 20-24
      days of age the relative incorporation of radioactive leucine into purified
      myelin and crude nuclear proteins of drug-treated rats or the offspring of drug
      treated dams was reduced by 10-20% in all cases. Dose-related differences were
      not observed however, and the effects of phenytoin and sodium valproate in
      combination approximated those of phenytoin administered alone.

PMID- 6811701
TI  - Glycosylceramide synthesis in the developing spinal cord and kidney of the
      twitcher mouse, an enzymatically authentic model of human Krabbe disease.
AB  - UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase activity was assayed in the spinal
      cord and kidney of the recently discovered neurological mutant, the twitcher
      mouse, which is an enzymatically authentic model of human globoid cell
      leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). The activity in the spinal cord was essentially
      normal during the early myelination period up to 15 days. There was a slight
      reduction at 20 days. At 25 and 33 days, the galactosyltransferase activity was
      drastically reduced compared to controls. In contrast, the galactosyltransferase
      activity in the kidney of twitcher mice remained normal throughout the
      developmental stages examined. Activity of the control enzyme UDP
      glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase was always normal in both the spinal cord
      and kidney. Thus, reduction of galactosylceramide synthesis occurs in the CNS
      secondarily to the pathological alteration of the oligodendroglia. No such
      reduction occurs in the kidney, at least for the last step of galactosylceramide
      synthesis. Reduced synthesis as the result of metabolic regulation in the
      presence of the catabolic block is therefore unlikely to be the cause of the lack
      of abnormal accumulation of galactosylceramide in the kidney of patients with
      globoid cell leukodystrophy.

PMID- 6811702
TI  - Carbamazepine-induced choreoathetoid dyskinesias.

PMID- 6811703
TI  - Calcium influx and poststimulus current during early adaptation in Aplysia giant
      neurons.

PMID- 6811704
TI  - Intra-arterial chemotherapy following blood-brain barrier disruption in a patient
      with malignant glioma.

PMID- 6811705
TI  - Quantification of in vivo distribution of platelets labeled with indium-111
      oxine.

PMID- 6811706
TI  - The influence of excess lysine on urea cycle operation and pyrimidine
      biosynthesis.
AB  - Rats fed a purified L-amino acid diet with 0.72, 1.50, 2.9 or 4.3% lysine
      excreted 117, 124, 237 and 628 micrograms/day orotic acid, respectively. Dietary
      arginine supplementation prevented the orotic aciduria induced by excess dietary
      lysine. Increased orotic acid excretion was accompanied by a significant
      depression in urinary urea in rats fed a diet containing 4.3% lysine compared to
      those fed a diet containing 0.72% lysine. As measured by incorporation of
      [14C]HCO3, lysine addition to liver slices or isolated hepatocytes resulted in a
      progressive increase in the rate of orotic acid biosynthesis. The minimum
      quantity of lysine tested that significantly increased the rate of orotic acid
      biosynthesis was 0.5 mM or 1 mM for studies with slices and hepatocytes,
      respectively. Ammonia at concentrations of 0, 0.75, or 5.0 mM NH4Cl linearly
      increased orotate and urea synthesis. Inhibition of urea biosynthesis resulting
      from lysine supplementation coincided with an increase in pyrimidine
      biosynthesis. Addition of 1 mM arginine to the liver incubation media prevented
      the increased rate of orotic acid biosynthesis caused by lysine. Arginine
      addition may overcome an approximate 90% competitive inhibition of arginase by
      excess lysine.

PMID- 6811707
TI  - Effects of dietary protein and amino acids on the metabolism of cholesterol
      carrying lipoproteins in rats.
AB  - The effect of various dietary proteins and amino acids on serum lipid metabolism
      was studied by using male Sprague-Dawley rats. A stock diet containing casein as
      a protein source was fed to control animals, whereas a vegetable protein diet
      (cottonseed based) was fed to one experimental group. Two other experimental
      diets were formulated to determine if the amino acid ratios in the protein played
      a role in the alteration of serum cholesterol levels. One of these diets
      contained casein plus enough additional arginine to make its arginine-to-lysine
      ratio similar to that found in cottonseed protein. The other diet contained
      cottonseed protein plus enough lysine to duplicate the arginine-to-lysine ratio
      of casein. Rats fed a diet containing protein from animal sources had greater
      serum and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations as well as
      increased lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43) activities
      than those which had been fed a diet containing protein from plant sources.
      Animals fed arginine-supplemented casein diet showed a decrease in both serum and
      HDL-cholesterol when compared to the casein control group, whereas the addition
      of lysine to cottonseed protein diet caused an increase in the same two
      cholesterol fractions.

PMID- 6811709
TI  - Regulation of amino acid intake in the rat: self-selection of methionine and
      lysine.
AB  - A study was undertaken to measure the ability of rats to regulate amino acid
      intake by means of a self-selection method. Weaning rats were simultaneously
      offered a choice between a 10% casein diet or a 10% amino acid mixture diet
      lacking methionine or lysine and a 10% casein diet containing different levels of
      methionine or lysine over 2 weeks. Weight gain and food consumption of rats
      allowed a choice between the two diets were much greater than those of animals
      fed on the fixed diets with high levels of methionine or lysine added, and the
      self-selecting rats had the ability to take in amounts of methionine or lysine
      appropriate to meet the requirement. Methionine intakes of self-selecting rats
      were kept to a relatively narrow range (41--100 mg/day), but lysine intakes of
      self-selecting rats were wide-ranging (86--300 mg/day). It was demonstrated that
      methionine or lysine intake is closely regulated in rats given a choice of diets
      containing varied levels of methionine or lysine.

PMID- 6811708
TI  - Effects of carbon dioxide on serum biochemical patterns and on histopathological
      changes of organs in rats.
AB  - The effects of carbon dioxide on serum biochemical patterns and on
      histopathological changes of organs were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats
      which were anesthetized with a mixture of 40% carbon dioxide and 60% oxygen for 3
      hr. This level of carbon dioxide is sufficient to maintain rats at an
      anesthetized level. There were gradual decreased in respiration, body
      temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and blood pH. At the same time there were
      significant increases in organ weight (lungs and kidneys), and in exudate to
      thorax, hematocrit, and serum biochemical patterns (glucose, phosphorus, uric
      acid, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase). The weight of the liver,
      however, decreased slightly. There were minor abnormalities in both gross anatomy
      and histology (lungs, liver and kidneys). When the rats inhaled ordinary air,
      they awoke within a few minutes and recovered normal hematological level (pH 7.3,
      PaO2 120 mmHg and PaCO2 45 mmHg) within 24 hr.

PMID- 6811710
TI  - Comparison of morbidity in children requiring abdominal radiation and
      chemotherapy, with and without total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - We evaluated the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition and placing the
      "bowel at rest," as compared to that of ad libitum food intake, on nutritional
      status and tolerance to combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a randomized,
      prospective trial in children with previously untreated malignancy requiring
      abdominal and pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy. Administration of TPN was
      found to be safe and efficacious in maintaining the children in good nutritional
      status during combined therapy; one-third of the control patients became
      malnourished and required TPN. There was no beneficial effect of "bowel at rest"
      and TPN on the ability of patients to tolerate combined therapies in terms of
      decreased toxicity; however, use of TPN was associated with improved adherence to
      chemotherapy schedules. Following termination of TPN or ad libitum food intake,
      and while receiving chemotherapy, the majority of the children who had previously
      received TPN lost significant weight. To date there has been no difference in
      mortality rate between the control and TPN groups. Although we conclude that TPN
      per se had little beneficial effect beyond that of maintaining good nutritional
      status, every child undergoing intensive combined therapy should have early and
      periodic assessments of nutritional status, so that the early signs of
      malnutrition can be detected, and the adverse effects of malnutrition can be
      prevented by nutritional replenishment, by TPN, or by other methods.

PMID- 6811711
TI  - Lactic acidosis in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency caused by
      holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency of early and late onset.
AB  - Two patients with biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency, both
      presenting with predominant lactic acidosis, are reported. One with disease of
      early neonatal onset had considerable acute neurologic and persistent
      dermatologic abnormalities. The other, with late juvenile-onset disease, had
      chronic neurologic abnormalities without dermatologic findings. Early-onset cases
      generally have been associated with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency,
      whereas those of juvenile onset have been characterized as representing defects
      in intestinal biotin absorption. However, enzyme analyses of fibroblasts from
      both patients, grown in biotin-deficient medium, revealed markedly diminished
      activities of pyruvate, propionyl-CoA, and beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylases,
      and all three enzymes showed normal activities after growth in biotin-rich
      medium. Furthermore, lymphoblast enzyme analysis in the patient with disease of
      early onset had previously revealed a defect in holocarboxylase synthetase, and
      fibroblast complementation studies showed that both patients belong to the bio
      complementation group. These findings indicate that considerable clinical
      heterogeneity exists among patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency,
      an observation which does not permit differentiation of the biochemical forms of
      multiple carboxylase deficiency on the basis of age at onset and clinical
      presentation.

PMID- 6811712
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (beta-glucuronidase deficiency) presenting as nonimmune
      hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 6811713
TI  - Effect of continuous heparin administration on Intralipid clearing in very low
      birth-weight infants.

PMID- 6811714
TI  - Coagulase-negative staphylococcal septicemia: experience in a newborn intensive
      care unit.

PMID- 6811715
TI  - The intermediate host spectrum in a Sarcocystis species of birds.
AB  - The life cycle of an avian Sarcocystis has been completed in the laboratory,
      originating with naturally infected icterids and passing alternately between
      opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and experimentally infected birds. To determine
      the intermediate host range, six avian species, including canaries (Serinus
      canarius), zebra finches (Poephila guttata), budgerigars (Melopsittacus
      undulatus), pigeons (Columba livia), chickens (Gallus gallus), and guinea fowl
      (Numida meleagris), were inoculated orally with Sarcocystis sporocysts derived
      from experimentally infected opossums. All birds but the Galliformes were
      susceptible to merogony. Pigeons (Columbiformes) were susceptible to early
      merogony but apparently not to muscle stages. Passeriformes and Psittaciformes
      were completely susceptible and the parasite developed into muscle cysts in them.

PMID- 6811716
TI  - Development of Sarcocystis suicanis Erber, 1977 in the pig.
AB  - Twenty-eight weanling pigs inoculated with sporocysts from an isolate of
      Sarcocystis suicanis from Georgia were examined at intervals ranging from 2 to 90
      days postinoculation (DPI). Merogony was first observed histologically within the
      heart muscle 12 DPI and within 23 of 35 tissues examined 13 DPI. Most infected
      cells were "floating" in extravascular spaces and were near intact endothelial
      cells. In some cases, the infected cell clearly was an endothelial cell
      comprising a portion of the capillary wall. Immature sarcocysts containing
      metrocytes were observed in striated muscle 27 DPI, and bradyzoites were detected
      by digestion techniques 52 DPI. Sarcocysts matured between 27 and 80 DPI, after
      which thickness of the cyst wall and morphology of bradyzoites changed little.
      Dissolution of sarcocysts was detected as early as 38 DPI and was accompanied by
      ingress of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and occasionally, eosinophils. Based on
      information presented herein, feeder pigs reared on pasture may become infected,
      and infections mature well within the 100-day period usually considered necessary
      for production of marketable swine.

PMID- 6811718
TI  - Trans-amniotic fetal feeding. I. Development of an animal model: continuous
      amniotic infusion in rabbits.

PMID- 6811717
TI  - Infectivity of sarcocystis spp. from bison, elk, moose, and cattle for cattle via
      sporocysts from coyotes.
AB  - Bison bison (bison), Cervus canadensis (elk), Alces alces (moose), and Bos taurus
      (cattle) musculature containing Sarcocystis spp. cysts was fed to laboratory
      raised Canis latrans (coyotes), Sporocysts collected from the feces of coyotes
      fed musculature of each of the ruminant species were fed to four groups of three
      laboratory-raised domestic calves, respectively, to determine if Sarcocystis spp.
      was transmissible from wild to domestic ruminants and if so, to compare clinical
      signs of infection and morphologic features of cysts with those resulting from
      infection with Sarcocystis bovicanis. All calves fed sporocysts of Sarcocystis
      from coyotes that ate bison or cattle muscle had similar clinical signs and
      harbored morphologically similar parasites, suggesting that both bison and cattle
      are intermediate hosts for S. bovicanis and that this species is transmissible
      between the two ruminant species. All calves fed sporocysts from coyotes that ate
      elk muscle or moose muscle remained asymptomatic but one calf in each group had
      intramuscular cysts. The finding of relatively large numbers of intramuscular
      cysts in one calf fed sporocysts of elk origin and smaller numbers in one calf
      fed sporocysts of moose origin could represent either spurious natural infections
      or indicate low infectivity of Sarcocystis spp. from elk and moose to cattle.

PMID- 6811719
TI  - Cholelithiasis in infants: the role of total parenteral nutrition and
      gastrointestinal dysfunction.

PMID- 6811720
TI  - Construct validation of the Hand Test with the aged: replication and extension.
AB  - The Hand Test (HT) was administered to 52 institutionalized elderly adults in an
      effort to cross-validate previous research dealing with the construct validity of
      the Hand Test in assessing organic dysfunction as assessed by Mental Status
      Questionnaire (MSQ) scores. Results suggested that, consistent with previous
      research, HT scores of Withdrawal and Pathology seem to be valid indicators of
      cognitive loss, independent of age and length of institutionalization, among
      elderly persons who reside in long term care facilities. Implications of these
      data for the care of impaired elderly persons by family and staff are discussed
      and suggestions for future research are offered.

PMID- 6811721
TI  - Chemo-immunotherapy of methylchoranthrene-induced fibrosarcoma by concanavalin A
      bound tumor vaccine, levamisole and mitomycin C.
AB  - Concanavalin A (ConA)-bound-tumor cell vaccine of methylchoranthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma (Meth 1) induced tumor-specific immunoprophylactic and
      immunotherapeutic response against an inoculum of live Meth 1 cells in
      histocompatible animals. ConA-free Meth 1 vaccine induced much less response
      under the identical experimental conditions. Immunotherapeutic potency of ConA
      bound Meth 1 vaccine was enhanced by levamisole, and 37% of the animals
      inoculated with 10(4) live Meth 1 cells at day 0 were cured when they were
      administered 10(6) cells of ConA-bound Meth 1 vaccine at days 1 and 8 and 0.63
      mg/kg levamisole at days 1,2 and 3. Delayed administration of levamisole at day
      8,9 and 10 was less effective than the earlier administration, but still produced
      a 17% cure of Meth 1-bearing animals when combined with ConA-bound Meth 1
      vaccine. Immunotherapeutic response under these regimens was further enhanced by
      mitomycin C, and approximately 60% of the animals inoculated with 10(5) Meth 1
      cells were cured when three agents were administered at the defined intervals.
      These results suggest the feasibility of the regimen in which the therapeutic
      response induced by immunotherapeutic agents is further enhanced by the selected
      chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6811722
TI  - Effect of 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol on hepatic drug metabolism. II. Induction of
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase.
AB  - Effect of potent cytochrome P-448 inducer, 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol (m-TAN) on
      hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl-transferase (UDPGT) activity was studied. The
      UDPGT activity reached the maximum level on the fifth day after either a single
      injection or consecutive daily administrations. The UDPGT activities towards p
      nitrophenol, 1-naphthol and chloramphenicol were increased up to 6,2.5 and 1.8
      folds of control levels respectively, in microsomes from m-TAN treated rats. 3
      Methylcholanthrene, on the other hand, caused 4 and 2 fold increase in UDPGT
      activities towards p-nitrophenol and 1-naphthol, respectively, but did not cause
      significant increase in UDPGT activity towards chloramphenicol. It is concluded
      that m-TAN is a new potent inducer of UDPGT activity with its potency exceeding
      that of 3-methylcholanthrene and the pattern of induction, a little different
      from that of 3-methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 6811723
TI  - Increase of anti-ulcerogenic activity by reduction and alkylation of disulfide
      bonds of a globulin fraction from bovine serum.
AB  - Bovine serum was subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation, and subsequently
      chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose column to obtain a globulin protein having a
      weak anti-ulcerogenic activity, Fr.II-A. Agar immunoelectrophoresis and
      immunodiffusion using rabbit antiserum against bovine IgG revealed that Fr.II-A
      from bovine serum shared antigenic determinant with bovine IgG. Furthermore,
      Fr.II-A showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. By reducing and alkylating the disulfide
      bonds by 2-mercaptoethanol and iodoacetic acid, Fr.II-A was separated into two
      subfragments in the same manner as in the case of immunoglobulin to produce Fr.L
      (molecular weight; 24000) and Fr.H (molecular weight; 50000). Fr.L showed anti
      ulcerogenic activity up to about ten times greater than that of original Fr.II-A,
      but in the case of Fr.H, the activity increased approximately several times. Fr.L
      showed significant activity in preventing ulcer formation and gastric juice
      secretion in pylorus-ligated rats, and was also effective in reducing index of
      the phenylbutazone-induced ulcer.

PMID- 6811724
TI  - Synthesis of omega-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido)alkyl disulfides and thiosulfates
      and their activity against dihydropteroate synthetase from sulfanilamide
      resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - A series of omega-(4-aminophenylsulfonamido)alkyl disulfides and omega-(4
      aminophenylsulfonamido)alkanethiosulfates was synthesized from the reaction of p
      acetamidobenzenesulfanilyl chloride and either the aminoalkyl disulfide
      dihydrobromide or the aminoalkyl bromide hydrobromide followed by sodium
      thiosulfate. Several of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against
      dihydropteroate synthetase isolated from a sulfanilamide-resistant strain of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae of the same order of activity as that of sulfanilamide. An
      increase in the hydrophobic nature of the sulfanilamide structure did not
      increase inhibitory activity against this enzyme.

PMID- 6811725
TI  - Edetate disodium-mediated chloramphenicol resistance in Pseudomonas cepacia.
AB  - The presence of edetate disodium decreased the susceptibility of a particular
      strain of Pseudomonas cepacia to chloramphenicol. The mechanism of this edetate
      disodium effect, which may be unique to this strain, remains obscure. Tests
      showed no enzymatic destruction by the microorganism of the chloramphenicol nor
      any chemical complexation of the antibiotic by the salt. The possibility does
      exist that edetate disodium alters the cell envelope or cytoplasmic membrane so
      as to block the transport of chloramphenicol to its site of action within the
      cell. This possibility is now under investigation.

PMID- 6811726
TI  - Prolongation of drug half-life due to obesity: studies of desmethyldiazepam
      (clorazepate).
AB  - Desmethyldiazepam pharmacokinetics were determined after oral administration of
      its precursor, clorazepate, to 12 obese subjects (mean weight: 105.4 kg; mean
      percent ideal body weight: 170%) who were matched for age, sex, and smoking
      habits with 12 normal controls (66.5 kg; percent ideal body weight: 103.3%).
      After an overnight fast, a single 15-mg clorazepate capsule, equivalent to 10.3
      mg of desmethyldiazepam, was administered. Multiple plasma samples drawn 10-42
      days postdose were analyzed for desmethyldiazepam by electron-capture GLC. Obese
      subjects compared to controls had a prolonged desmethyldiazepam elimination half
      life (t1/2) (154.1 hr versus 57.1 hr; p less than 0.005). Assuming quantitative
      conversion of clorazepate to desmethyldiazepam and 100% systemic availability,
      volume of distribution (Vd) was greatly increased in the obese (158.8 liters
      versus 63.3 liters; p less than 0.001). The value of Vd remained greater even
      after correction for body weight (1.52 liter/kg versus 0.94 liter/kg; p less than
      0.005). However, clearance of desmethyldiazepam was not different between groups
      (13.2 ml/min in obese versus 13.4 ml/min in controls). The percent ideal body
      weight was highly correlated with Vd (r = 0.82), as was total body weight (r =
      0.86). The value of t1/2 was correlated highly with Vd (r = 0.89) but only weakly
      with clearance (r = -0.38). Therefore, the large increase in the
      desmethyldiazepam t1/2 value seen in obese subjects is predominantly due to the
      disproportionate distribution of this lipid-soluble drug into body fat as opposed
      to lean tissue. The contribution of clearance to desmethyldiazepam t1/2 was of
      much less importance than was Vd in this obese study population.

PMID- 6811727
TI  - pH-sensitive microcapsules for drug release.
AB  - Microcapsules were designed for a sustained drug release, where the external
      medium controls the rate of release of the drug. As a model, secretin was
      encapsulated in acryloyl chloride-lysine capsules, and the conditions of
      formation are described. The scanning electron micrographs show the formation of
      good spherical microcapsules in the size range of 5-10 microns. The release of
      secretin was studied in four media having different pH. Polymer dissolution was
      pH sensitive, and the capsules placed in different media eroded at a constant
      rate, depending on the pH of the medium. Dissolution of the microcapsules was
      limited to the polymer buffer media and the drug was released by zero-order
      kinetics. The possible use of such a system is in the treatment of duodenal
      ulcers and the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.

PMID- 6811729
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis by isolated cells from the outer medulla and from the
      thick ascending loop of Henle of rabbit kidney.

PMID- 6811728
TI  - Increase in dopamine metabolites in rat brain by neurotensin.
AB  - Neurotensin (NT), an endogenous tridecapeptide, is heterogeneously distributed in
      the central nervous system. The present study examined the effects of
      physiologically and behaviorally active doses of NT (1--100 micrograms
      intracisternally) on dopamine, serotonin and their primary metabolites as well as
      accumulation of dopa after inhibition of dopa decarboxylase. NT was shown to
      increase dopa accumulation when compared with saline treatment, suggesting that
      dopamine synthesis was increased. In accord with this view, NT also caused a dose
      dependent increase in homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, the major
      metabolites of dopamine, in several brain areas (striatum, olfactory tubercles,
      nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex and hypothalamus). Interestingly, the increase
      in homovanillic acid was greater than that for dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. In
      striatum, an initial increase in dopamine content after 30 micrograms of NT was
      followed by an increase and a subsequent decrease of dopamine metabolites.
      Several other neuropeptides (Met-enkephalin, cholecystokinin-8, thyrotropin
      releasing hormone, substance P and d-Arg9-NT), at doses equimolar to 30
      micrograms of NT, did not affect dopamine metabolites, whereas certain others
      (beta-endorphin and bombesin) increased their concentration in some brain areas.
      Except for the highest dose of NT, measures of serotonergic function were not
      affected by NT or any of the other neuropeptides.

PMID- 6811730
TI  - Analysis of airway responses to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in the cat.

PMID- 6811731
TI  - Nature of the inhibition of Cl- transport by furosemide: evidence for competitive
      inhibition of active transport in toad cornea.
AB  - Furosemide inhibits short-circuit current (active Cl- transport) in isolated toad
      cornea, a model of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The
      relationship between furosemide and Cl- was assessed in corneas exposed to
      different concentrations of Cl-. Furosemide (2.2 x 10(-5) M) or drug vehicle was
      added to both sides of the corneas. Double-reciprocal plots of short-circuit
      current vs. Cl- concentration with or without furosemide revealed an interaction
      between furosemide and Cl- that appeared to be competitive in nature. That is,
      the 1/short-circuit current x 10(3) intercepts (short-circuit currentmax) of the
      lines were not significantly different (54 with furosemide and 40 for the
      control, P = .765), whereas the slopes of the lines were significantly different
      (7.9 with furosemide and 2.1 for the control, P = .037). Km values calculated
      from the slopes and intercepts with and without furosemide were 145 and 53 mM,
      respectively. The relationship between external Cl- and furosemide was unique in
      that a similar competitive relationship was not apparent for either external Na+
      and furosemide or external Cl- and ouabain (another inhibitor of Cl- transport in
      amphibian cornea). These findings support the hypothesis that furosemide inhibits
      active Cl- transport by competitively blocking the access of Cl- to some
      component of the active transport mechanism, possibly the Na+-Cl- cotransport
      mechanism.

PMID- 6811732
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the development of prochymosin- and pepsinogen
      containing cells in bovine abomasal mucosa.
AB  - 1. Prochymosin- and pepsinogen-containing cells in abomasal mucosa were
      simultaneously localized by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique
      with specific rabbit antibodies. 2. In the young milk-fed calves all the chief
      cells and several mucous neck cells produced both prochymosin and pepsinogen. 3.
      By elution of the first antibody and restaining of the same section it was
      demonstrated that the same cells were producing both prochymosin and pepsinogen.
      4. In concentrate-fed calves and older cattle all chief cells and almost all
      mucous neck cells produced pepsinogen, while prochymosin was produced only from
      the chief cells situated in the upper part of the base in the gastric gland. 5.
      The number of prochymosin-containing cells was highly correlated to the milk
      feeding of the animal. 6. The present data suggest that the non-differentiated
      cell in the neck region is initially capable of producing both prochymosin and
      pepsinogen during the proliferation phase to a mature chief cell, via mucous neck
      cell. The ability to produce prochymosin is however only retained if the mucosa
      is stimulated by milk-feeding. Dietary factors may thus be of importance for the
      differentiation of the gastrointestinal epithelium.

PMID- 6811733
TI  - Effect with time of a norepinephrine synthesis inhibitor (U-14,624) on
      hypothalamic catecholamine and plasma gonadotrophin concentrations in the
      ovariectomized rat.

PMID- 6811734
TI  - Clinical and endocrinological investigations on superovulation induced in heifers
      by human menopausal gonadotrophin.
AB  - After an i.v. injection of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG), three components
      of the disappearance time in heifers were found for immunoreactive LH (half-life
      13.8--1020 min) and immunoreactive FSH (half-life 21.3--1090 min). When heifers
      were treated daily with hMG from Days 9, 10 or 11 of the cycle for 3 or 5 days, a
      total dose of 1350 i.u. FSH induced 10.2 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- s.d.) corpora lutea
      (CL) in 6 animals and 13 persistent follicles in 4 animals, while a total dose of
      2100 i.u. FSH induced 14.3 +/- 1.5 CL in 6 heifers and there were no persistent
      follicles. Nine heifers treated with a single i.m. injection of 1500 i.u. PMSG
      exhibited 11.4 +/- 8.6 CL with 17 persistent follicles in 7 animals. Progesterone
      concentrations rose significantly faster and the oestradiol drop was more rapid
      after oestrus in heifers treated with hMG than in those treated with PMSG. These
      results demonstrate that stimulation of the ovarian follicles of heifers is more
      homogeneous when hMG is used.

PMID- 6811735
TI  - Modulation by photoperiod of gonadotrophin secretion in intact and castrated
      Djungarian hamsters.
AB  - Reproductive activity in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, is suppressed
      by short daylengths and induced and maintained by long daylengths. To determine
      the time course of changes in plasma and pituitary gonadotrophin concentrations
      during the photoperiodic response, sexually immature male hamsters were moved
      from short (9L:15D) to long days (14D:10D). This induced an increase in
      testicular weight in 5 days and full sexual maturity in about 1 month. Plasma and
      pituitary FSH concentrations were significantly elevated after 3 and 5 long days
      respectively, reaching peak levels after 7--14 days and then declining. In
      contrast, pituitary and plasma LH concentrations did not increase until 10 and 21
      days of photostimulation respectively. Castration of hamsters kept in short days
      led to a marked increase in plasma and pituitary FSH titres. Transfer to long
      days further increased plasma FSH although pituitary content did not change.
      Castration of hamsters kept in long days led to an elevation of plasma and
      pituitary FSH concentration to these same levels. Transfer to short days reduced
      plasma FSH to the levels seen in hamsters castrated and kept in short days.
      Pituitary content did not change. The results suggest that while there is
      substantial steroid negative feedback in intact animals on both long and short
      days, the photoperiodic modulation of gonadotrophin secretion does not
      necessarily involve changes in feedback sensitivity.

PMID- 6811736
TI  - A possible role of prostaglandin F-2 alpha in the development of ovarian
      follicles in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Uterine PGF-2 alpha in the guinea-pig was eliminated by hysterectomy on Day 9 of
      the oestrous cycle and an increasing period of reduced PGF-2 alpha availability
      to the ovary was created by deferring replacement therapy with PGF-2 alpha from
      Day 9 to Day 11, 13 and 15. Ovulation, observed in 94% of the animals, was
      inevitably delayed. The treatment cycle length was progressively extended from
      the normal 15--16 days to 19--21 days. Similar results were obtained if
      endogenous PGF-2 alpha was suppressed by indomethacin injection instead of
      removing the uterus. That ovulation had been delayed and not occurred from more
      recently recruited follicles was evident from the total absence of atretic
      follicles of the expected size had they become atretic due to the lack of PGF-2
      alpha at some critical time between Days 9 and 15. Pituitary homogenate and hCG
      injected on Day 16 shortened the PGF-2 alpha treatment cycle by 2 days, but
      stimulated ovulation in only 42% of the animals. When endogenous PGF-2 alpha was
      eliminated by hysterectomy and daily injections of indomethacin, follicular
      development ceased at approximately 0.8 mm instead of the 1.0 mm diameter found
      just before the preovulatory LH surge. It is suggested that (1) PGF-2 alpha has
      to act on developing follicles for a given period before they are capable of
      ovulation, and (2) that PGF-2 alpha is one of the factors required to stimulate
      the growth of the Graafian follicles at the end of the oestrous cycle.

PMID- 6811737
TI  - Photoperiodic suppression of gonadotrophin secretion in castrated male hamsters.
AB  - Male golden hamsters were transferred from long to short days and castrated on
      the day of transfer (Group SP0) or 1, 2 or 3 weeks afterwards (Groups SP1, SP2 &
      SP3). Animals in Group LP were castrated and maintained on long days. After 7
      weeks of short days, plasma levels of LH and FSH were low in Groups SP1, SP2, and
      SP3. In Group SP0 LH output was also low and FSH secretion, although greater than
      in Groups SP1, SP2 and SP3, was lower than in the long-day controls (Group LP).
      This photoperiodic control of gonadotrophin secretion in castrated hamsters
      raises doubts about the significance of hypothetical alterations in hypothalamo
      pituitary sensitivity to sex steroids.

PMID- 6811738
TI  - The location of acrosin and proacrosin in ram spermatozoa.

PMID- 6811739
TI  - Prediction of multiple gestation in HMG-induced ovulation. A case report.

PMID- 6811740
TI  - Evaluation of ovarian function after tubal sterilization.
AB  - Many women appear to experience menstrual disturbances after tubal sterilization.
      In this study the ovarian function in such women was investigated. Serial
      measurements of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone were performed throughout the
      study cycle in 23 previously sterilized patients, 14 with menstrual disturbances
      (group I--symptomatic) and 9 with normal cycles (group II--asymptomatic). A group
      of 28 parous women served as controls. Among 23 patients, luteal phase
      progesterone was elevated in 19, and in 4 it was undetectable (anovulatory). All
      four anovulatory patients belonged to group I. Anovulatory cycles were also
      characterized by tonic elevated LH levels. Mean midluteal progesterone values
      were lower in group I (8.5 ng/ml) than in group II (13.8 ng/ml) and in the
      controls (16.5 ng/ml). Mean midluteal progesterone was lower than 10 ng/ml in 78%
      of group I, 44% of group II and 15% of the control patients.

PMID- 6811741
TI  - The variability of immunologic laboratory tests.
AB  - To determine the clinical reliability of certain immunologic tests, serum
      complement (C3), DNA binding (DNAB), and fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA)
      were measured blindly at 2 university immunology laboratories on duplicate serum
      samples from 667 patients with connective tissue diseases. Twenty-seven percent
      of patients were differently classified as normal or abnormal for C3 by the 2
      laboratories. The mean of paired differences was 25 mg% and large variability
      remained even after adjustment. Repeat assays on a random subset of 91 sera
      showed persistent variability. Fifteen percent of patients were differently
      classified by their DNAB results in 11% by FANA tests. Considering this
      variability, these "objective" laboratory tests alone are not sufficiently
      reliable for accurately defining diseases or disease activity.

PMID- 6811742
TI  - [The use of amikacin in the treatment of endometritis caused by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in mares].
AB  - After isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from endometrial biopsies of 6 mares
      they were treated with amikacin sulphate. Three were treated by intra-uterine
      application of the drug, in one the drug was given by intramuscular injection, in
      another the intravenous route was used while in the last mare simultaneous local
      and intravenous treatment was applied. An intra-uterine Tris-EDTA instillation
      preceeded the uterine amikacin instillations to aid in the breakdown of the
      capsule around the bacterium. Serum concentrations of amikacin were determined
      after intravenous and intramuscular administration. The highest concentration of
      15 microgram/ml was reached 1 hour after intravenous injection. After 12 hours
      the blood concentration was below the therapeutic level. To maintain effective
      levels injection must be repeated 6-8 hourly. All mares treated by the intra
      uterine or intravenous routes recovered. The importance of obtaining cultures
      from uterine biopsies is stressed as Pseudomonas was cultured only once from the
      conventional cervical swab while the other 5 mares had negative cervical swabs.

PMID- 6811743
TI  - Monophenolic octahydrobenzo[f]quinolines: central dopamine- and serotonin
      receptor stimulating activity.
AB  - Eight monophenolic cis- and trans-4-n-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b
      octahydrobenzo[f]quinolines have been synthesized and tested for central dopamine
      and serotonin-receptor stimulating activity, using biochemical and behavioral
      tests in rats. The trans-7-, -8-, and -9-hydroxy isomers all elicited central pre
      and postsynaptic dopaminergic receptor stimulation, while the trans-10-hydroxy
      isomer was devoid of dopaminergic activity but instead showed central
      serotoninergic activity. In all four isomeric pairs, the trans isomers were
      consistently much more potent than their corresponding cis analogues. The
      apparent presynaptic selectivity of the dopaminergic cis isomer cis-9-hydroxy-4-n
      propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline could not be confirmed due
      to the toxic properties of this compound. Central dopamine receptors
      (autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors) can accept dopaminergic compounds with
      one of possibly two N-substituents being larger than n-propyl, if this
      substituent is properly oriented in relation to the rest of the molecule.

PMID- 6811744
TI  - Methotrexate analogues. 15. A methotrexate analogue designed for active-site
      directed irreversible inactivation of dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - N alpha-(4-Amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl)-N epsilon-(iodoacetyl)-L-lysine (1)
      was synthesized as a potential active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor of
      dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In an ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay of
      dihydrofolate reduction of Lactobacillus casei DHFR, 1 and methotrexate (MTX, 4
      amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl-L-glutamic acid) had ID50 values of 4.5 and 6.2
      nM. The corresponding ID50 values in a competitive radioligand binding assay
      against [3H]MTX were 31 and 16 nM. Thus, as reversible inhibitors of this enzyme
      over a short exposure time, 1 and MTX had comparable activity. On the other hand,
      when L. casei DHFR was incubated for up to 6 h with 0.1 or 1.0 microM 1, a
      progressive decrease in the ability of [3H]MTX to subsequently displace the drug
      was observed. When MTX itself was used at the same concentrations, the extent of
      displacement of [3H]MTX did not decrease with time. These results were consistent
      with rapid reversible binding of 1 to the enzyme, followed more slowly by
      covalent bond formation near the active site. The pH profile for this effect
      followed a curve with a sigmoidal shape. The apparent inflection point near pH
      7.2 was consistent with alkylation of a histidine residue.

PMID- 6811745
TI  - Calibration of two enteral feeding systems.

PMID- 6811746
TI  - Epidemiological value of lipopolysaccharide and heat-modifiable outer-membrane
      protein serotyping of group-A strains of Neisseria meningitidis.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-modifiable outer-membrane protein (P')
      serotypes of 39 coded strains of group-A Neisseria meningitidis isolated from
      patients during seven geographically and temporally separate outbreaks of
      infection were determined blindly. LPS serotype discriminated between strains
      from different outbreaks and between strains of differing sulphadiazine
      sensitivity within a single outbreak. Thirty-seven strains were of three separate
      serotypes and no strain was of multiple serotypes. In contrast, P' serotypes did
      not discriminate between strains. Multiple serotypes for single strains and among
      strains from a single outbreak were the rule. LPS serotyping appears to be a
      useful epidemiological tool for distinguishing group-A strains of N.
      meningitidis.

PMID- 6811747
TI  - Immunisation of rhesus monkeys with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus
      acidophilus and lipoteichoic acid for protection against dental caries.
AB  - An attempt was made to protect rhesus monkeys from dental caries by immunisation
      with Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and lipoteichoic acid (LTA).
      The vaccine composed of S. mutans gave significant protection against caries, a
      decrease in the number of S. mutans, an increase in IgG antibodies and a moderate
      increase in complement-fixing antibodies to LTA. When LTA was used as immunogen,
      there was only a small reduction in caries, without any detectable antibodies to
      LTA and a slight increase in IgG antibodies to cell of S. mutans. Vaccines of L.
      acidophilus or L. fermentum gave no protection. A combined vaccine of S. mutans
      and L. acidophilus did not reduce the incidence of caries but the antibody titre
      to cells of S. mutans was raised to a level comparable with that in the S. mutans
      immunised monkeys. The results of this investigation in a subhuman primate
      confirm that immunisation with S. mutans induces protection against caries,
      unlike the attempt to immunise with two selected strains of lactobacilli. More
      studies are required to establish the role of specific serotypes of lactobacilli
      in the development of dental caries.

PMID- 6811748
TI  - Plasma progesterone levels throughout the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset
      (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - Radioimmunoassay of progesterone in marmoset plasma has been used to determine
      ovarian cycle length. Total cycle length was 30.1 +/- 3.8 days (mean +/- SD, n =
      30, range 24-41 days, median 29.5 days). The pre-ovulatory (follicular) phase,
      during which progesterone levels were below 10 ng/ml, lasted for 8.8 +/- 3.7 days
      (mean +/- SD, n = 30, range 3-20 days, median 8.5 days). The post-ovulatory
      (luteal) phase, during which progesterone levels were greater than 10 ng/ml,
      lasted for 21.5 +/- 2.2 days (mean +/- SD, n = 30, range 14-29 days, median 21.5
      days). Total cycle length was almost twice that recorded in an earlier study. The
      reasons for this difference are discussed.

PMID- 6811750
TI  - Spurious hyponatremia in diabetic ketoacidosis with massive lipid elevations.

PMID- 6811749
TI  - Amino acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Improvements in the collagenase perfusion techniques have made isolated rat
      hepatocytes a popular model in which to study hepatic function. Our knowledge of
      hepatic amino acid transport has been advanced as a result of this methodology.
      Translocation across the hepatocyte plasma membrane can, in some instances,
      represent the rate-limiting step in the overall metabolism of certain amino
      acids. Furthermore, regulation of amino acid uptake by hepatocytes appears to
      play a role in diabetes, and perhaps in malignant transformation. Comparisons
      between normal adult hepatocytes and several hepatoma cell lines show basic
      differences in amino acid transport. There are at least eight distinct systems in
      normal hepatocytes for transport of the hormones. Systems A and N exhibit
      enhanced uptake rates after the cells have been maintained in the absence of
      extracellular amino acids, a phenomenon termed adaptive control. Further studies
      using isolated hepatocytes will increase our basic understanding of membrane
      transport processes and their regulation.

PMID- 6811751
TI  - Distribution of RNA and protein in crystalline eukaryotic ribosomes.

PMID- 6811752
TI  - Organization and expression of alpha-tubulin genes in Drosophila melanogaster.
      One member of the alpha-tubulin multigene family is transcribed in both oogenesis
      and later embryonic development.

PMID- 6811753
TI  - Unfolding and refolding of the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin light
      chain.

PMID- 6811754
TI  - Unfolding and refolding of the reduced constant fragment of the immunoglobulin
      light chain. Kinetic role of the intrachain disulfide bond.

PMID- 6811755
TI  - Dynamics of concerted evolution of ribosomal DNA and histone gene families in the
      melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila.

PMID- 6811756
TI  - Modes and rates of change of complex DNA families of Drosophila.

PMID- 6811757
TI  - A comparison of the multiple Drosophila heat shock proteins in cell lines and
      larval salivary glands by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6811758
TI  - Structural aspects of vinculin-actin interactions.

PMID- 6811759
TI  - Shape of the ciliary doublet microtubule in solution.

PMID- 6811760
TI  - A protein similar to Escherichia coli gro EL is present in Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6811761
TI  - Abnormal differentiation of selected nuclear centers in the brain of a duck
      embryo associated with partial duplication of the primitive streak.
AB  - In a control set of duck embryos, an abnormal duck embryo of 16 days incubation
      was found which had two beaks as the only outward sign of duplication. The beaks
      were of equal size, each with upper and lower bills. Bill-clapping movements were
      absent. The embryo had two normal eyes placed one on either side of the head, and
      the rest of the body was normal in external appearance. Sections through the head
      revealed further duplication of the fore-, mid-, and hindbrain divisions. The
      medial half of each of the embryonic brain divisions, however, was greatly
      reduced. Two additional optic primordia were also noticed in sections, each of
      which was reduced to a mass of tissue representing a lens and a much-folded
      pigment epithelium. The orbital tissues associated with the rudimentary eyes were
      greatly disorganized. Abnormal differentiation associated with duplication of the
      brain divisions was determined by cell counts in selected nuclear centers. Cell
      numbers in each case appeared to be remarkably proportional to the size of the
      innervation field. Our data, based on cell counts in the nuclear centers chosen
      for this study in the abnormal embryo and normal control embryos of the same age,
      are consistent with the hypothesis that cell survival in related parts of the
      nervous system may be regulated by their peripheral field of innervation.

PMID- 6811762
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNA from Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6811763
TI  - Home versus clinic blood pressure measurements.
AB  - To evaluate the cost effectiveness of home versus clinic blood pressure 11
      patients with mild untreated hypertension were instructed in self-measurement of
      blood pressure with mercury manometers. The lower total cost of using home
      readings as well as problems of bias and blinding are discussed. Home blood
      pressure is a promising technique for clinical and epidemiologic research.

PMID- 6811764
TI  - Multivariate statistical methods in toxicology. III. Specifying joint toxic
      interaction using multiple regression analysis.
AB  - Multiple regression is widely employed to study the contribution of components to
      the toxicologic effect of a mixture. Here, use is made of the fact that data
      obtained from standard curves of substances and from their mixtures are separable
      in regression analysis. Thus, under an assumption of additivity of responses,
      regression coefficients obtained for components in mixtures alone should be the
      same as for the individual substances. A t-test is developed such that
      nonsignificant t values support additivity, negative significant values support
      antagonism, and positive significant values support synergism. The results are
      applied to data on the mutagenicity of binary mixtures of azaserine, 4
      nitroquinoline N-oxide, and 9-aminoacridine in TA 100 in the Ames assay.

PMID- 6811765
TI  - Metabolism of [14C]trichloroethylene to 14CO2 and interaction of a metabolite
      with liver DNA in rats and mice.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male B6C3F1 mice excreted 5-15% of a tracer dose of
      [14C]trichloroethylene as 14CO2 within 24 h after ip injection of a single dose
      in a corn-oil vehicle. The proportion of the dose excreted as CO2 was greater in
      mice than in rats, but increased in the rats after starvation or pretreatment
      with phenobarbital. As the dose was increased toward the LD50 level, the
      proportion excreted as 14CO2 decreased slightly, but this was largely due to
      increased loss of unchanged trichloroethylene. The excretion of 14CO2 was thus
      correlated with the expected level of microsomal metabolism of trichloroethylene
      to an electrophilic intermediate capable of binding to glutathione or
      macromolecules. Liver protein labeling was observed to be relatively high (10,000
      23,000 cpm/mg in the mouse), while DNA labeling was consistently observed to be
      very low, not allowing identification of any adducts by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). Also, no effect on DNA fragmentation was seen by alkaline
      sucrose gradient centrifugation after injection of an LD50 dose of
      trichloroethylene. The ability of trichloroethylene to interact with DNA in vivo
      was thus observed to be very slight.

PMID- 6811766
TI  - Radical surgery versus radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 6811767
TI  - Radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma: post-irradiation prostatic biopsy and
      recurrence patterns with long-term followup.
AB  - From 1968 through 1975, 159 patients with stages A, B and C adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate were treated with supervoltage radiation therapy. A median dose of 7,200
      rad was given. The influence upon survival of grade, stage and a positive biopsy
      result after irradiation is analyzed. Over-all survival is a patently imprecise
      test of local treatment because patients die of intercurrent disease and are
      alive with metastases for significant intervals. The classification of survival
      with no evidence of recurrent disease excluded those patients dying of
      intercurrent disease. Therefore, the rate of survival free of disease always will
      be greater than the over-all survival rate in these patients, and a certain
      percentage of the patients without evidence of cancer will harbor subclinical
      disease. The 5 and 10-year survival rates free of disease were 80 and 69 per
      cent, respectively, in 51 patients with stages A and B cancer, and 66 and 47 per
      cent, respectively, in 108 with stage C disease. The 5 and 10-year over-all
      survival rates were 72 and 56 per cent, respectively, in the former and 68 and 39
      per cent, respectively, in the latter patients. Survival free of disease and
      death of prostatic carcinoma were influenced adversely by advancing grade and
      stage (p less than 0.05), while over-all survival was influenced adversely by
      grade (p equals 0.02) but not by stage (p greater than 0.05). A positive biopsy
      result after irradiation did not predict survival free of disease, over-all
      survival or death of prostatic cancer in patients followed for 10 years (p
      greater than 0.05).

PMID- 6811768
TI  - The effect of estrogen on Sertoli cell function.
AB  - This study describes the use of adult rats as a model to determine whether
      chronic estrogen treatment irreversibly alters the capacity of Sertoli cells to
      secrete androgen binding protein (ABP). Twenty-five adult rats were implanted
      with silastic tubing containing 17 beta-estradiol. After 1 month of estradiol the
      epididymides had regressed to 47 per cent of the weight of the epididymides in a
      control group. The amount of ABP in control epididymides was 9.9 fmol./mg.
      protein, whereas no ABP was detectable in those from rats treated with estradiol
      for 1 month. Serum testosterone levels had been depressed by 90 per cent.
      Estradiol treatment for 8 months resulted in a 60 per cent lower body weight and
      a 91 per cent decrease in testicular weight compared to control animals. During
      this period the epididymides regressed significantly. When Sertoli cells were
      cultured from the testes of the estradiol implanted rats, in spite of the
      dramatic changes which had occurred in the testes, within 4 days the cultured
      cells synthesized ABP in response to FSH and testosterone. Furthermore, the
      direct addition of estrogen at a concentration of 200 ng./ml. to rat Sertoli cell
      cultures failed to depress ABP below control levels. Thus, although estradiol
      depresses ABP synthesis in vivo, probably through its depression of both
      gonadotrophin secretion and testosterone biosynthesis, it has no direct effect on
      the Sertoli cells, and its long-term inhibition of ABP synthesis by an indirect
      mechanism is reversible.

PMID- 6811769
TI  - Massive theophylline overdose. Survival without hemoperfusion.

PMID- 6811770
TI  - Dyspnea on exertion. Is it the heart or the lungs?

PMID- 6811771
TI  - Erysipelaslike lesions and hyperesthesia as manifestations of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa sepsis.

PMID- 6811772
TI  - Pregnancy and liver disease.

PMID- 6811773
TI  - Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin--induced lymphocyte transformation and mitosis
      by ethidium bromide.

PMID- 6811774
TI  - A study of incidence of external hernias in N.W.F.P.

PMID- 6811775
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis-B antigen in various population groups of N.W.F.P.

PMID- 6811776
TI  - Thyroid hormones assay in diagnosis of thyroid disorders.

PMID- 6811777
TI  - Tubercular granuloma of the epiglottis.

PMID- 6811778
TI  - Eye camp for Afghan refugees at Jaluzai and Azakhel, Peshawar District, N.W.F.P.

PMID- 6811779
TI  - [TRH].

PMID- 6811780
TI  - The occurrence of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronic acid in lipopolysaccharide
      of pseudomonas aeruginosa p14.

PMID- 6811781
TI  - Evidence for predominance of phospholipase A2 in release of arachidonic acid in
      thrombin-activated platelets: phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C may
      play a minor role in arachidonate liberation.
AB  - Human platelets prelabeled with [3H]glycerol exhibited a trasient increase in
      radioactivity (1.5-fold gain) in 1,2-diacylglycerol when they were exposed to
      thrombin. An alteration in radioactivity in monoacylglycerol which is derived
      from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase, however, was not observed during
      the whole period of incubation with thrombin. Lysophosphatidylcholine and
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine gained radioactivity. By contrast, the level of
      lysophosphatidylinositol plus lysophosphatidylserine did not show any change.
      When the effects of thrombin on platelet lipids were examined for
      [3H]arachidonate-labeled platelets, thrombin-activation induced a 15-fold
      increase in radioactivity in 1,2-diacylglycerol, a subsequent decrease of which
      was accompanied by accumulation of radioactivity in phosphatidic acid. There was
      a concurrent release of free arachidonic acid. These findings, taken together
      with phospholipid alteration analyzed by phosphorus assay upon thrombin
      activation, indicate evidence than newly produced diacyglycerol in thrombin
      activated platelets may be immediately converted to phophatidic acid by a
      diacylglycerol kinase rather than metabolized to monoacylglycerol or arachidonic
      acid by diacylglycerol lipase, and also that arachidonic acid would be mainly
      released from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by a phospholipase
      A2 activity.

PMID- 6811782
TI  - [Clinical description and nursing of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). Health
      instructions given to SLE patients in long-term care].

PMID- 6811783
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis: abnormalities of the ear and nose and their diagnosis].

PMID- 6811784
TI  - Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on cerebellar mutant mice--a
      kinesiological comparison between rolling mouse Nagoya, weaver and reeler.
AB  - Rolling Mouse Nagoya (RMN), weaver and reeler mice were examined for the clinical
      effectiveness of drugs (thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), reserpine, L-dopa)
      that are reported to facilitate or alter the metabolic system of noradrenaline
      (NA). Behavioral changes and ataxic gait were recorded by 16 mm cinefilms and EMG
      of the thigh extensor muscles. In addition, latencies in the reflex discharge of
      the muscle by tilting load were measured before and after the intraperitoneal
      injection of each drug and compared to those of normal littermates. TRH injection
      increased spontaneous behavioral activity in RMN and weaver, and shortened the
      latency of the reflex discharge by tilting load in RMN. Reserpine injection did
      not increase behavioral activity, but was accompanied by a slight shortening of
      latencies in the reflex discharge by tilting load only in RMN. L-dopa did not
      affect behavioral and EMG activities of these cerebellar mutant mice. No
      remarkable deficit has yet been in any selective intracortical neurons in RMN and
      no other characteristic abnormality in central and peripheral nervous, skeleton
      and muscular systems. It was, therefore, suspected that there was a possibility
      of metabolic disorders of NA in the cerebellum not only in RMN, but also in
      patients with certain spinocerebellar degenerations.

PMID- 6811785
TI  - Gamma heavy chain disease and giant lymph node hyperplasia in a patient with
      impaired T cell function.

PMID- 6811786
TI  - Combined effect of prophylactic lymphadenectomy and long term combination
      chemotherapy for curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - Effectiveness of prophylactic extensive lymph node dissection (PELD) plus
      postoperative long term combination chemotherapy (PLCC) for patients with
      curatively resected gastric carcinoma was assessed in terms of the degree of
      serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. Either the Group 1 and Group 2 lymph
      nodes were eradicated by PELD. PLCC included intermittent intravenous
      administration of mitomycin C (0.4 mg/kg intraoperatively followed by 0.2 mg/kg
      every 3 months) and oral administration of Tegafur (600-800 mg/day) and PSK (3.0
      g/day), an immunostimulator, for as long a period as possible. PELD alone
      resulted in a cure when the malignancy was confined to the mucosal and muscular
      layers of the stomach as well as to the Group 1 lymph nodes. In cases when the
      carcinoma involved the serosa and/or the Group 2 lymph nodes, the 5 year survival
      rate was about 55 per cent the PELD and PLCC groups, such being significantly
      higher than about 27 per cent in the PELD alone group. Therefore, PELD plus PLCC
      is highly effective for advanced gastric carcinoma, under a condition of curative
      resection.

PMID- 6811787
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma in a middle esophageal (parabronchial) diverticulum.
      Report of a case.

PMID- 6811790
TI  - [Choice of the method for biliodigestive anastomosis taking into account gastric
      secretion indices].

PMID- 6811788
TI  - [Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on neurogenic bladder dysfunction ].

PMID- 6811789
TI  - [Surgical significance of variants and anomalies in the biliary system].

PMID- 6811791
TI  - [Effect of ergotamine tartrate (gynergen) for blood pressure stabilization in
      epidural analgesia].

PMID- 6811792
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of shock lung].

PMID- 6811793
TI  - [Specific preoperative hypotony in cataract extraction ].
AB  - The authors report on the results of a comparative study on vitreous loss in
      connection with cataract surgery before and after the introduction of
      oculopressure (Vorosmarthy). As a result of the preoperative reduction in
      vitreous volume caused by oculopressure the percentage of vitreous loss was
      reduced from 11% in 381 extractions to 6.2% in 802 cataract operations. A third
      group in which oculopressure, mannitol infusions and alphachymotrypsin
      zonulolysis was performed, did not show another significant reduction in the
      vitreous complication rate (from 6.2 to 5.5% in 506 operations). Nevertheless the
      authors recommend routine application of all three techniques used in the third
      group.

PMID- 6811794
TI  - Pathogenesis of atoxinogenic strains of gram--negative bacteria--a hypothesis.
AB  - Textbooks of medical microbiology attribute to endotoxin a primary pathogenic
      role in diseases caused by nontoxinogenic gram negative bacteria. There is little
      experimental data to support this claim while some observations indicate the
      contrary. The possibility cannot be ignored that our understanding of the
      biological effects of endotoxin is based on the administration of endotoxin as a
      bolus rather than as a continuous release in small amounts over a period of hours
      or days as probably occurs during an infection. Results are described that
      clearly show how different the response can be under the two conditions. It is
      suggested, moreover, that mediators formed primarily by macrophages stimulated by
      endotoxin may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of these diseases.

PMID- 6811795
TI  - Pathogenicity of enterococci outside of urinary tract and blood stream.
AB  - It is evident at this time that enterococci by themselves are able to cause
      infections outside the bloodstream and the urinary tract only rarely and under
      very special circumstances in which local defense mechanisms are severely
      compromised (e.g., by plastic devices). In most instances, they have been found
      in mixed culture and probably act synergistically with other bacteria to cause
      damage to the host. They could, however, be carried from their habitat into the
      bloodstream and eventually cause septicemia. Such a danger is probably heightened
      if supercolonization is fostered through antibiotics that are ineffective against
      them, e.g., cephalosporins.

PMID- 6811796
TI  - [Sensitization to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in thermal burn patients].

PMID- 6811797
TI  - [Chemotherapy of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pyocyanosis)].

PMID- 6811798
TI  - Quantitative changes of membranes in rat parathyroid cells related to variations
      of serum calcium.
AB  - Parathyroid glands of rats were exposed to low, normal, or high serum calcium
      concentration by infusion of either ethylenglycol-bis-(2-aminoethylether)
      tetraacetic acid (EGTA), NaCl, or CaCl2 for 90 minutes. Electron microscopic
      morphometry revealed that the cell volume remained constant, whereas the cell
      surface increased significantly after EGTA infusion and decreased significantly
      after CaCl2 infusion compared with parathyroid cells of NaCl-infused rats. The
      surface of the Golgi complex including the surrounding vesicles increased
      significantly after CaCl2 infusion. Significant changes were not obvious in the
      volume and surface of the nucleus or in the surface of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum. These results suggest, first, that parathyroid hormone is released by
      exocytosis leading to increased cell surface within 90 minutes. Second, it is
      considered likely that plasma membrane constituents are retrieved by endocytosis
      and incorporated into the Golgi complex supporting the idea of membrane
      recycling.

PMID- 6811799
TI  - Reorganization of cytoskeletal and contractile elements during transition of
      human monocytes into adherent macrophages.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to study the reorganization of
      contractile and cytoskeletal elements of human monocytes during their in vitro
      transition into macrophage-like cells. In freshly isolated monocytes, actin,
      myosin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin all had a diffuse distribution, whereas
      microtubules and vimentin-type intermediate filaments showed a distinct fibrillar
      organization. In culture, the cells differentiated within 1 week to two distinct
      cell types: bipolar fibroblastoid cells and flattened epithelioid cells. A
      conspicuous redistribution of actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin from a diffuse
      cytoplasmic location into distinct punctate foci at the substratum-facing side of
      the cells was seen already at the early attachment phase of the spreading
      monocytes. In spread cells the punctate foci occupied the whole ventral surface
      of the cells, and in flattened, fully spread cells these proteins formed distinct
      punctate plaques at the under surface of the cells excluding however, the ruffle
      edge-like membrane regions. At the plaques, a close co-distribution of actin and
      vinculin was seen in double indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Myosin showed
      a distinctly different reorganization during the transition process changing from
      a diffuse cytoplasmic location to a striated, surface-associated distribution.
      Interference reflection microscopy revealed large areas of close adhesion but no
      focal adhesion sites in spreading monocytes. Cytochalasin B treatment lead to a
      rapid distortion of the actin organization and resulted in clump-like cytoplasmic
      aggregates and nuclear paracrystals of actin concomitantly with the rounding up
      of the cells. Vimentin filaments were seen as a perinuclear aggregate until the
      acquisition of the fully spread morphology. At this stage both vimentin filaments
      and microtubules displayed a fibrillar appearance throughout the cytoplasmic
      domain. Treatment of the spread monocytes with antimitotic drugs caused a
      retraction of the cell from beyond the attachment plaques but had no effect on
      the punctate actin organization. The results show that in the monocyte-macrophage
      transition there is an extensive cytoskeletal reorganization that can be
      correlated with the different phases of the cell-to-substratum attachment
      process.

PMID- 6811800
TI  - Determination of tibric acid and clofibrate in animal feed, wastewater and hunan
      urine.
AB  - Analytical chemical procedures are described to determine residues of the drugs
      clofibrate and tibric acid in animal feed, wastewater, and human urine.
      Clofibrate was extracted from animal feed and human urine with hexane, whereas
      residues from wastewater were collected on a Sep-PakTM then eluted with methanol
      for analysis. Clofibrate residues from the feed, wastewater, and urine were
      analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with minimum detectable
      levels (MDL) of about 40, 0.5 and 1.0 ppb, respectively. Tibric acid was
      extracted from animal feed with 90% methanol and 10% 0.1 N NaOH, whereas
      wastewater and human urine were acidified with 12 N HCl and then extracted with
      benzene. The MDL for tibric acid in feed by electron capture/gas chromatography
      (EC/GC) and HPLC were about 40 ppb and 2.0 ppm, respectively. Residues from these
      extracts that contained more than 5 ppm of tibric acid were analyzed by HPLC,
      whereas GC was required for levels below 5 ppm. The GC procedures, which required
      that tibric acid be derivatized (methylated) prior to analysis, had MDL of 0.1
      and 1.0 ppb for wastewater and human urine, respectively. Data are also presented
      concerning partition values, stability of the compounds in animal feed, and
      recoveries of the compounds from the three substrates.

PMID- 6811801
TI  - The kinetics of germination in bacterial spores.

PMID- 6811802
TI  - A theoretical consideration of the lysine-rich histones: H1 from a mammal and an
      echinoderm, H5 from erythrocytes.

PMID- 6811803
TI  - The mechanism of lithium carbonate-induced augmentation of colony-stimulating
      activity elaboration in man.
AB  - Lithium carbonate (Li) has been reported to elevate granulocyte counts in
      patients with certain neutropenic disorders and to improve chemotherapy-induced
      granulocytopenia. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the increase in
      myelopoiesis, the effect of Li on monocytemacrophage (M phi)- and T-lymphocyte
      (TL)-derived colony-stimulating activity (CSA) were studied in vitro. Li induced
      a dose-related increase in both M phi- and TL-derived CSA over that in non-Li
      stimulated cell populations. However, the increase was significant (p less than
      0.007) only at a higher concentration of Li (2 mEq/l). The results of co
      incubating TL with M phi with or without Li indicated that Li significantly
      enhanced synergistic CSA production by the two cell populations (p less than
      0.02). We further demonstrated the presence of a larger proportion of M phi with
      TL rosettes in the presence of Li (62%) than in its absence (21%). Further
      experiments with concanavalin A (Con-A)-inducible suppressor TL suggested that Li
      effectively blocks the suppressor TL-mediated suppression of CSA. These data
      suggest that Li enhances M phi and TL interaction which results in an augmented
      CSA elaboration. Further, Li would be more effective in those neutropenic
      disorders associated with enhanced suppressor TL activity. For an optimal effect,
      however, Li would require appropriately functioning M phi and non-suppressor
      subsets of TL and an intact stem cell pool.

PMID- 6811804
TI  - A sensitive optoelectronic displacement transducer for the neurophysiological
      laboratory.
AB  - This paper describes a simple and convenient way of making a sensitive
      displacement transducer for routine use in the neurophysiological laboratory. It
      is based upon a commercially available optoelectronic integrated circuit and
      requires only simple electronic and mechanical fabrication. Its sensitivity is
      such that it may be used to monitor movements down to approximately 100 nm over a
      bandwidth of 8 kHz without additional filtering or averaging. Further electronic
      filtering or computer averaging will extend its sensitivity. It has many
      potential uses, two examples of which are provided.

PMID- 6811805
TI  - Hepatitis non A, non B. Manifestations and implications of acute and chronic
      disease.
AB  - Application of sensitive radioimmunoassays for the detection of hepatitis A and B
      viruses has demonstrated that up to 25% of cases of acute sporadic hepatitis and
      up to 90% of cases of posttransfusion hepatitis cannot be classified by etiologic
      agent and warrant designation as non-A, non-B hepatitis. Epidemiologic studies
      have indicated a pattern of transmission similar to that of hepatitis B virus,
      with predominance of parenteral routes of spread. Spontaneous resolution of acute
      infection fails to occur in up to 60% of patients; a chronic asymptomatic but
      infectious carrier state is recognized. Although the chronic hepatitis is usually
      mild, a potential for progression to cirrhosis has been described. Transmission
      studies in chimpanzees have suggested the existence of at least two non-A, non-B
      agents, which produce strain-specific ultrastructural changes in the hepatocyte
      and confer a homologous immunity. Multiple assay systems for detecting putative
      viral antigens have been developed, but their specificity has not been confirmed.
      Elimination of blood procured by contract from commercial blood banks diminishes
      the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis and is recommended for prophylaxis.
      Although the effectiveness of immune serum globulin in the prevention of sporadic
      disease has not been established, its administration should be considered after
      exposure to incriminated blood, in spouses during the acute illness, and in
      neonates of infected mothers.

PMID- 6811806
TI  - Chagas' heart disease as an experimental model for studies of cardiac autonomic
      function in man.
AB  - Patients presented here include apparently healthy persons who had diagnostic
      evidence of chronic cardiac Chagas' disease in the form of a positive complement
      fixation test and an abnormal electrocardiogram. They had never been in heart
      failure. All were examined for autonomic cardiac function. Normal persons served
      as controls. Patients with Chagas' disease with sole involvement of hollow
      viscera were also included. In patients with cardiac Chagas' disease, failure of
      the heart rate to increase after administration of atropine and greatly reduced
      reflex changes in cardiac rate are believed to be a functional disorder related
      to degeneration of the neuronal supply to the sinoatrial region of the heart. It
      is concluded that Chagas' disease is a model of spontaneous denervation of the
      heart which may be used for the assessment of autonomic control of cardiac
      function in man.

PMID- 6811807
TI  - A decline in earning losses associated with a community-based cardiovascular
      disease prevention project.
AB  - Permanent and temporary disability pension award data and survey data were used
      to estimate the lower bound of earning losses related to cardiovascular disease
      during a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention program in Eastern
      Finland. Earning losses due to death totaled $39.94 million but were not affected
      by the project. Earning losses due to permanent disability totalled +29.01
      million and were $4.25 million less than expected (p less than 0.025). Earning
      losses due to temporary disability were $10.91 million and were not affected by
      the project. Total earning losses attributable to cardiovascular disease during
      the project period were $79.86 million, and total decline in earning losses was
      +4.25 million. Project implementation costs were less than one per cent of total
      earning losses and were equal to approximately 17 per cent of the decline in
      these losses attributable to the project. The findings suggest that community
      based heart disease prevention programs have the potential of more than paying
      for themselves through an associated decline in lost earnings.

PMID- 6811808
TI  - [Transitory IgA monoclonal gammapathy and brucellosis].

PMID- 6811809
TI  - [Light chain myeloma: clinical study and prognostic factors ].

PMID- 6811810
TI  - The bio-organic chemistry of alpha-melanotropin.

PMID- 6811811
TI  - Inability of carbenicillin to predict ticarcillin activity versus Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa by disc-agar diffusion.

PMID- 6811812
TI  - [Is the resorbable, porous tricalcium phosphate ceramic suitable for the
      obliteration of not positively aseptic ear radical cavities? An animal
      experimental study of the hypotympanum of the swine].

PMID- 6811813
TI  - Excision of Zenker's diverticulum using auto-suture technique.
AB  - The one-stage transcutaneous hypopharyngeal diverticulectomy has become the
      accepted procedure for treating most of Zenker's diverticula. Myotomy of the
      crico pharyngeus is simultaneously done as a safeguard for sac recurrence.
      Experience of our general-surgical colleagues with stapling devices has inspired
      us to use auto-suture technique for the resection of Zenker's diverticulum.

PMID- 6811814
TI  - The relationship between blood and cerebrospinal fluid prolactin in nonhuman
      primates.
AB  - We studied the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      concentrations of prolactin (PRL) in repeated and simultaneous samples of blood
      and CSF from chair-restrained rhesus monkeys. Following administration of
      thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), each of 4 monkeys showed increased plasma
      and lumbar CSF PRL concentrations. Increases in CSF PRL concentrations were muted
      and delayed until 60 min after peak plasma concentrations were attained. In 3
      other monkeys we compared PRL concentrations in simultaneous lateral ventricular
      and lumbar CSF samples. ALthough we found no difference in PRL concentrations
      under baseline conditions, a ventricular-lumbar PRL concentration gradient became
      apparent after TRH stimulation. These studies demonstrate that changes in plasma
      PRL concentrations are reflected in CSF concentrations. They suggest that a
      significant blood-CSF barrier exists for PRL and the PRL may enter the CSF
      selectively via the ventricles.

PMID- 6811815
TI  - Alterations in the proestrous pattern of median eminence LHRH, serum LH, FSH,
      estradiol and progesterone concentrations in middle-aged rats.
AB  - The purpose of the following study was to assess the changes in the proestrous
      hormone profile in middle-aged cycling rats to better understand the inter
      relationship and possible interaction of these hormones during the transition to
      estrous acyclicity. Median eminence LHRH concentrations and serum LH, FSH,
      estradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured in young (3-4 months old)
      and middle-aged (8-10 months old) proestrous rats at 0900, 1200, 1500 and 1800h.
      The data demonstrate that (1) baseline hormone concentrations prior to the surge
      at 0900h are the same in middle-aged and young rats; (2) the proestrous
      gonadotropin surge is temporally delayed in middle-aged rats; (3) this delay is
      preceded by lower median eminence LHRH concentrations and serum estradiol
      concentrations at 1200h; (4) serum progesterone concentrations are lower in
      middle-aged rats during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge (at 1500 and 1800h)
      probably as a consequence of the delayed LH surge.

PMID- 6811816
TI  - Nontherapeutic research using children as subjects.

PMID- 6811817
TI  - Determining the focus of nursing research.

PMID- 6811818
TI  - Update on chloramphenicol for pediatric patients.

PMID- 6811819
TI  - When a child has surgery for focal epilepsy.

PMID- 6811820
TI  - Research and practice. The mother's self-esteem after a cesarean section.

PMID- 6811821
TI  - Self-esteem--a concern. A practitioner comments on research findings.

PMID- 6811822
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta: a disorder that breaks more than our hearts.

PMID- 6811823
TI  - The father as observer.

PMID- 6811824
TI  - Effects of prior preparation on the preschooler's vision and hearing screening.

PMID- 6811826
TI  - Herkimer helps us teach.

PMID- 6811825
TI  - Children with special needs. A practitioner comments on research findings.

PMID- 6811827
TI  - The importance of touch with an anencephalic baby.

PMID- 6811828
TI  - Monoclonal anti-A and anti-B: development as cost-effective reagents.

PMID- 6811829
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae: the influence of media and CO2 on
      differentiation using X, V and XV discs.

PMID- 6811830
TI  - [Development of Soviet public health in light of the decisions of the 26th
      Congress of the CPSU].

PMID- 6811831
TI  - [Factor VIII concentrates. Problems and protein chemistry characterization].

PMID- 6811832
TI  - [Trials in the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency with the monodrug
      dihydroergocristine. A multicentric study].

PMID- 6811833
TI  - Intestinal Biosynthesis of apolipoproteins in the rat: apoE and apoA-I mRNA
      translation and regulation.
AB  - Rat intestinal poly(A) RNA was translated in wheat germ and reticulocyte lysate
      systems in vitro. ApoA-I and apoE were demonstrated to be specific products by
      immunoprecipitation and fractionation on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gels.
      They were identical in size to the respective products from rat liver. In pulse
      labeling studies, apoE was shown to be synthesized by slices of rat intestine in
      situ. Furthermore, a high cholesterol diet stimulated the synthesis of apoE and
      apoA-I at the pretranslational level.

PMID- 6811834
TI  - Mild Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in obese men.
AB  - To evaluate the pituitary-gonadal axis of obese men, we compared the 24-hour mean
      plasma concentrations of total and free testosterone and of dihydrotestosterone,
      FSH, and LH in 21 healthy obese men, aged 18-50, and 24 age-matched healthy
      nonobese men. In the obese men, we also measured the volume of ejaculate and the
      number and motility of sperm, and investigated libido by psychiatric interview,
      and potency by history and by measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence. As a
      group, the obese men had less than two-thirds the normal mean plasma levels of
      total testosterone, free testosterone, and FSH; the difference from normal was
      highly significant for all three. 24 hr LH levels were normal, which is
      inappropriately low in view of the subnormal testosterone levels. 24 hr mean
      levels of dihydrotestosterone and spermatogenesis, libido, and potency were
      essentially normal. Taken together, the findings represent a state of mild
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which thus appears to be characteristic of obese
      men. This abnormality probably results from partial suppression of the pituitary
      by the elevated plasma estrogen levels we and others find in these men.

PMID- 6811836
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the sucrase gene from Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - A recombinant cosmid carrying the sucrase gene (sacA) was obtained from a colony
      bank of E. coli harboring recombinant cosmids representative of the B. subtilis
      genome. It was shown that the sacA gene is located in a 2kb EcoRI fragment and
      that the cloned sequence is homologous to the corresponding chromosomal DNA
      fragment. A fragment of 2kb containing the gene was subcloned in both
      orientations in the bifunctional vector pHV33 and expression was further looked
      for in B. subtilis and E. coli. Complementation of a sacA mutation was observed
      in Rec+ and REc- strains of B. subtilis. Expression of sucrase was also
      demonstrated in E. coli, which is normally devoid of this activity, by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, specific immunoprecipitation and assay of the
      enzyme in crude extracts. The specific activity of the enzyme depended on the
      orientation of the inserted fragment. The saccharolytic activity was found to be
      cryptic in E. coli since the presence of the recombinant plasmids did not allow
      the transport of [U14C] sucrose and the growth of the cells. It was shown also
      that the recombinant cosmid contained part of the neighboring locus (sacP) which
      corresponds to a component of the PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system of
      sucrose transport of B. subtilis.

PMID- 6811835
TI  - Revertants of a streptomycin-resistant, oligosporogenous mutant of Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - Revertants of a streptomycin-resistant (Strr), oligosporogenous (Spo-) mutant of
      Bacillus subtilis were selected form the ability to sporulate. The revertants
      obtained fell into two phenotypic classes: Strs Spo+ (streptomycin-sensitive,
      sporeforming), which arose by reversion of the streptomycin resistance mutations
      of the parent strain; and Strr Spo+, which arose by the acquisition of additional
      mutations, some of which were shown to affect ribosomal proteins. Alterations of
      ribosomal proteins S4 and S16 in the 30S subunit and L18 inthe 50S subunit were
      detected in Strr Spo+ revertants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Streptomycin resistance of the parental strain and the Strr revertants was
      demonstrated to reside in the 30S ribosomal subunit. The second site mutations of
      the revertants depressed the level of streptomycin resistance in vivo and in the
      in vitro translation of phage SP01 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) relative to
      the resistance exhibited by the Strr parental strain. The Strr parent grew slowly
      and sporulated at approximately 1% of the wild type level. The Strr revertants
      closely resembled the wild type strain with regard to growth and sporulation. The
      Strr revertants grew at rates intermediate between those of the Strr patent and
      wild type, and sporulated at wild type levels.

PMID- 6811837
TI  - Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomised women: effects on serum lipids and
      lipoproteins of three synthetic progestogens.
AB  - Norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel were
      administered to oophorectomised women to evaluate the effects they have on lipid
      metabolism. Blood samples were drawn after a 3 wk period without hormone therapy
      and after 3 wk on each progestogen. Serum and lipoprotein lipids were followed
      and an oral glucose tolerance test with blood glucose and plasma insulin
      determinations were performed. The nortestosterone derivatives, norethisterone
      acetate and levonorgestrel, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol as
      well as alpha-lipoproteincholesterol, while the 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivative
      medroxyprogesterone acetate did not. Norethisterone acetate and
      medroxyprogesterone acetate impaired glucose tolerance. A difference between
      nortestosterone derivatives and 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives having an
      effect on high density lipoproteins is suggested.

PMID- 6811838
TI  - Effect of oestriol on the oscillation of circulating gonadotrophins in post
      menopausal women during sleep.
AB  - The effect of oestriol on the rapid oscillation of circulating FSH and LH levels
      during sleep was investigated by administering oestriol (E3: 2 mg/day) orally for
      3 mth to 3 healthy post-menopausal women who experienced frequent hot flushes.
      Before treatment and at the end of the third mth of treatment, blood samples were
      drawn the length of sleep, and serum FSH and LH level were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Fluctuations of serum FSH and LH levels were recorded and the
      pulses were defined as a 20% increase of hormone concentration over nadir. The
      increase of hormone levels of pulses recorded before treatment were compared with
      those recorded during treatment (the end of the third mth). No significant
      difference was found in serum FSH levels, yet a difference was found in serum LH
      levels. The pulses during the treatment nights were lower than those in the pre
      treatment nights (P less than or equal to 0.01). The levelling of the pulses of
      serum LH levels under oestriol treatment is probably an expression of the
      influence of oestriol on the hypothalamus-anterior-pituitary system.

PMID- 6811839
TI  - Production and characterization of high titre rabbit antigonococcal R-type
      lipopolysaccharide serum.
AB  - Two methods are reported for the production of rabbit anti-gonococcal
      lipopolysaccharide sera. One is produced by a conjugate between the core
      oligosaccharide and bovine serum albumin. The other is obtained by immunizing
      rabbits with heat-killed, ethanol-acetone washed bacteria. The specificity of the
      latter serum is studied, and it is shown that most of the antibodies are against
      a lactose-like determinant situated in the core region of the lipopolysaccharide.
      Preliminary studies show that this serum is able to cause specific agglutination
      of gonococci.

PMID- 6811840
TI  - Intranuclear Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in cultured mouse fibroblasts (L cells).

PMID- 6811841
TI  - [Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens biosynthesis of extracellular protease
      possessing coagulase activity and formed under conditions of limiting the
      nitrogen sources in the medium].
AB  - An exocellular protease having the activity of coagulase was synthesized by
      Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens when the growth medium contained no
      nitrogen sources. The removal of a nitrogen source from the medium was found to
      induce the synthesis of exoproteases by washed bacterial cells. Protein as a sole
      source of nitrogen in the medium inhibited rather than induced the biosynthesis
      of proteases possessing the activity of coagulase by the cells. The production of
      exoproteases with the coagulase activity was inhibited when a mixture of amino
      acids was used as a sole nitrogen source.

PMID- 6811842
TI  - [beta-Glucanases of Geotrichum candidum].
AB  - The formation of (1-4)-, (1-3)- and (1-6)-beta-glucanases and beta-glucosidases
      was studied during the growth of the fungus Geotrichum candidum under the
      conditions of submerged cultivation in a medium optimal for the production of
      cellulolytic enzymes. Endo-(1-4)-beta-glucanases and C1 enzyme, as well as (1-3)-
      and (1-6)-beta-glucanases appeared in the medium as soon as by the 45th hour of
      growth. However, the maximal concentration of the enzymes in the medium was
      observed at different periods of the fermentation: between 75th and 105th, 70th
      and 95th, 55th and 100th, 80th and 105th hours, respectively. The content of the
      enzymes abruptly decreased by the 160th hour of the growth. The activity of beta
      glucosidases, which was low at the beginning of the growth, sharply increased by
      the 70th hour and remained at the same level by the 160th hour of the growth. The
      accumulation of beta-glucanases was an uneven process, consistent with irregular
      changes in the content of DNA and protein in the biomass. The isoelectric points
      of beta-glucanases and beta-glucosidases were studied in the filtrate of the
      cultural broth after 96 h of the cultivation. The high activity of endo-(1-4)
      beta-glucanase was found at the pH 4.6, 4.1 and 3.8; its low activity was
      detected at the pH 6.4, 3.2, 1.6 and 1.3. Other glucanases behaved also as acid
      proteins. During isoelectric focusing, (1-3)-beta-glucanase showed the peaks of
      activity at the pH 4.4, 4.0, 3.8 and 2.9; (1-6)-beta-glucanase, at the pH 5.0,
      3.7, 3.5, 3.1 and 2.0; beta-glucosidases were distributed over a broad pH range
      from 6.7 to 2.0, with the maximal activity at the pH 6.2, 4.8 and 3.7.

PMID- 6811845
TI  - Impact of diabetes outpatient education program-Maine.

PMID- 6811843
TI  - [48,XXXX syndrome in a 1-year-old girl].

PMID- 6811844
TI  - A cluster of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among homosexual
      male residents of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.

PMID- 6811846
TI  - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP).
      Inactivated hepatitis B virus vaccine.

PMID- 6811847
TI  - Revised recommendations for malaria chemoprophylaxis for travelers to East
      Africa.

PMID- 6811848
TI  - Pertussis surveillance, 1979-1981.

PMID- 6811850
TI  - A continuing measles outbreak among school-age children despite an outbreak
      control program with school exclusion--Pennsylvania.

PMID- 6811851
TI  - Poliomyelitis update--Jamaica.

PMID- 6811849
TI  - Medical examiner summer mortality surveillance--United States, 1979-1981.

PMID- 6811852
TI  - Influenza vaccines 1982-1983.

PMID- 6811853
TI  - Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma among Haitians in the United
      States.

PMID- 6811854
TI  - Influenza activity April-May, United States, 1982.

PMID- 6811855
TI  - Measles, United States--weeks 17-20, 1982.

PMID- 6811856
TI  - Antimalarial activity of selected aromatic chelators. III. 8-Hydroxyquinolines
      (oxines) substituted in positions 5 and 7, and oxines annelated in position 5,6
      by an aromatic ring.

PMID- 6811859
TI  - Selenalysine utilization for growth and protein synthesis by a lysine requiring
      E. coli mutant.
AB  - Selenalysine can be utilized in substitution of lysine by a lysine requiring E.
      coli mutant. The presence of some lysine in the culture medium is necessary to
      allow selenalysine utilization for growth; in the presence of an excess of
      lysine, selenalysine is not utilized. When utilized, selenalysine gives rise to
      an increase of final growth. However, it shows some toxic effects as demonstrated
      by the decrease of both growth rate and cell viability. Selenalysine is
      incorporated into proteins in substitution of lysine. Up to a maximum of 50% of
      total protein lysine can be substituted. The decrease of cell viability is
      correlated with the extent of lysine substitution.

PMID- 6811858
TI  - The carbon dioxide hydration activity of skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase.
      Inhibition by sulfonamides and anions.

PMID- 6811857
TI  - Human liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Correlation of immunochemical
      quantitation with catalytic activity.
AB  - Human liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase was purified to apparent homogeneity as
      judged by a single protein-staining band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Sheep antibody to human liver epoxide hydrolase reacted with
      the enzyme in detergent-solubilized human liver microsomes, giving a single
      immunoprecipitin band which formed a line of identity with the pure human enzyme.
      Antibody against the human enzyme reacted well with epoxide hydrolase in
      detergent-solubilized monkey liver microsomes by the Ouchterlony test but less
      strongly cross-reacted with the enzyme from rat liver and several other species.
      The antibody produced against purified human liver epoxide hydrolase precipitated
      the enzyme but did not inhibit catalytic activity, reminiscent of the
      relationship of rat liver epoxide hydrolase to its antibody. The absolute level
      of epoxide hydrolase in liver microsomal samples from 11 human subjects, as
      measured by a radial immunodiffusion assay, varied 3.4-fold whereas the rate of
      hydration of octene oxide varied 2.9-fold. The excellent correlation of the
      amounts of epoxide hydrolase determined catalytically or immunochemically (r =
      0.99) indicated that interindividual variation in octene oxide hydration rates by
      human liver microsomes is a consequence of differences in amount of epoxide
      hydrolase protein which is present, and not the result of differences in levels
      of endogenous modulators of catalytic activity.

PMID- 6811860
TI  - [Role of spot gene product in the degradation of pppGpp in bacteria].
AB  - In Baccillus subtilis cells, in contrast to Escherichia coli cells, chelating
      agent 1,10-phenanthroline induces the expansion of guanosine-5'-diphosphate,3'
      diphosphate( (ppGpp) pool, as well as the pool of its precursor guanosine-5'
      triphosphate,3'-diphosphate (pppGpp). Under these conditions the degradation rate
      of both nucleotides decreases greatly, which is the main cause of their
      accumulation in the cells. In E. coli phenanthroline inactivates the product of
      spoT gene, which is responsible for ppGpp degradation, as a result of combining
      Mn2+ ions necessary for the activity of this enzyme. The addition of Mn2+ ions to
      B. subtilis cells, treated with phenanthroline, leads to the decline in (p)ppGpp
      pools. Antibiotic tetracycline, which has the chelating properties at the
      concentration of 1 mg/ml, also inactivates spoT gene product in E. coli and slows
      down the decay of ppGpp, but not of pppGpp. The addition of high concentrations
      of tetracycline to B. subtilis cells leads to severe inhibition of the
      degradation of both nucleotides. Therefore in B. subtilis spoT gene product is
      involved in the degradation of pppGpp, as well as ppGpp. In E. coli cells with
      defective gpp gene product, taking part in the conversion of pppGpp to ppGpp,
      phenanthroline and tetracycline also inhibit the breakdown of both nucleotides.
      The similarity of B. subtilis and E. coli gpp cells in respect of spoT gene
      product functions and of enhanced pppGpp fraction in the total amount of
      guanosine polyphosphates during aminoacyl-tRNA limitation makes it plausible that
      in B. subtilis cells the product of gpp gene is missing or has low activity.

PMID- 6811861
TI  - Primary structure of a human lambda-chain (Weir) of the Mcg type.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the Bence-Jones protein Weir has been determined. This
      lambda II protein is of the Mcg type. Since a mixed dinner of Weir and Mcg can be
      prepared in a form suitable for crystallographic analysis it was of interest to
      compare the sequences of these two lambda-chains. A total of 37 differences,
      which include one previously determined constant-region substitution, have been
      found.

PMID- 6811863
TI  - The role of bacterial adherence in infection.
AB  - The data presented in this review indicate that bacteria have developed
      mechanisms to facilitate adherence to target mammalian cells, often present in
      filamentous structures of varying organization at the cell surface, classified
      together as adhesins. These may contain distinctive molecular sequences, often
      including sugars, which function as ligands for specific interactions with
      receptors on mammalian cells. Such receptor-ligand interactions determine
      species, organ, and cell specificity of adherence by individual bacterial
      strains. In some examples, this adherence phenomenon can be demonstrated to be an
      essential virulence attributed of pathogens which must adhere in order to
      colonize and then cause disease. While considerable detailed knowledge has
      accumulated about certain adhesins (e.g., K-88) or some mammalian cell receptors
      (e.g., the pk blood group-related disaccharide on human erythrocytes for
      pyelonephritis strains of E. coli), in no instance do we know the nature of an
      adhesin and its specific receptor to fully define the actual chemistry of the
      binding, but we undoubtedly will in the near future. Avidity of adherence is
      attributable to multiple forces, in particular hydrophobic interactions in
      prokaryote-eukaryote systems. Therapeutic strategies to alter these relationships
      and thereby to prevent or treat disease are already being applied to model in
      vitro and experimental in vivo infections.

PMID- 6811862
TI  - The interaction of mouse myeloma immunoglobulin S15 with negatively charged
      polysaccharide antigens.
AB  - A murine BALB/c IgG2a (lambda 3) myeloma immunoglobulin SAPC-15 with binding
      activity for negatively charged polysaccharides has been purified by affinity
      chromatography, and its interaction with heparin and various other polyanionic
      antigens has been studied. The antigen-binding activity has been demonstrated to
      reside in the Fab part of the immunoglobulin. The S15 myeloma protein in 0.05 M
      Tris buffer at pH 7.4 precipitated dextran sulfate, heparin, chondroitin sulfate
      A, B and C, hyaluronic acid, H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, calf thymus
      DNA, Klebsiella polysaccharide K63 and poly-L glutamic acid. Of these antigens
      only dextran sulfate was precipitated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline
      (0.15M), pH 7.4. The pepsin S15 Fab fragment did not precipitate with any of
      these antigens. The intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence of S15 was changed
      maximally by the addition of heparin, and the binding affinity of the
      immunoglobulin for this antigen was high (greater than 10(6) L/M). S15 may
      resemble antibody molecules that react with antigens under non-physiological
      conditions or in pathological conditions or in the external environment as in the
      lumen of the gut. All the above interactions of S15 with antigens persisted in
      0.05 M Tris buffer made physiologically isotonic by the addition of sucrose, and
      S15 could thus be used to identify these antigens on cell surfaces.

PMID- 6811864
TI  - Platelets, prostaglandins, and coagulation in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6811865
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--Suture material in the common bile duct.
      A rare cause of cholestasis after cholecystectomy].

PMID- 6811866
TI  - [Prevalence and risk factors in peripheral venous diseases].

PMID- 6811867
TI  - [The meningitides in the infection spectrum in West Germany].

PMID- 6811868
TI  - [The gene-technology revolution. The human insulin example].

PMID- 6811869
TI  - [Arterial occlusive disease. Social medical importance of angiotherapeutic
      measures].

PMID- 6811870
TI  - [Ambulant medical care. Comparison between West Germany and the USA].

PMID- 6811871
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Acute appendicitis or "acute" Crohn
      disease].

PMID- 6811872
TI  - [Special indications for Doppler ultrasonic studies].

PMID- 6811873
TI  - [Hyperphagic eating disorders].

PMID- 6811874
TI  - [Classification of epileptic attacks].

PMID- 6811875
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation service: a 3-year review].

PMID- 6811876
TI  - ["Hearing voices" in a school child: conversion neurosis or early psychosis?
      Psychopathologic case from child and adolescent psychiatry].

PMID- 6811877
TI  - [Do we dream in a mirror image?].

PMID- 6811878
TI  - [Treatment of functional heart diseases with Imap 1.5 mg in daily practice].

PMID- 6811879
TI  - Induction of chromosomal aberrations in fish Boleophthalmus dissumieri after
      exposure in vivo to mitomycin C and heavy metals mercury, selenium and chromium.
AB  - The possibilities were explored of using fish as a cytogenetic model in vivo for
      the detection of potential mutagens. Boleophthalmus dussumieri (2n = 46, fairly
      large acrocentric chromosomes), an edible mud-skipper and a widely occurring Goby
      along the Bombay coast, was chosen as the test species after screening 20 species
      of fish locally available. I.m. injections of mitomycin C in the dose range of
      0.5-2.0 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of
      aberrations per metaphase compared with the control. A dose-response effect was
      also evident. The types of aberration observed included chromatid and
      isochromatid breaks, fragments, rings, exchanges and unclassified markers. A
      significant increase in the number of gaps was also observed. Clastogenic effects
      of metals such as Hg, Se and Cr in the form of phenyl mercuric acetate, selenium
      dioxide and sodium dichromate following direct (i.m. injections) and indirect
      (dissolved in the aquarial water) exposures were studied. A marked enhancement
      was noticed in the aberration frequency at most of the dose levels tested.
      Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in this species were rather rare and occurred
      at a rate close to zero. If developed along proper lines, fish could be a useful
      biological model for studying the teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects
      of environmental chemicals.

PMID- 6811881
TI  - Genetic effects of amino acids after chlorination.

PMID- 6811880
TI  - Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. Multiple-dose regimes
      in the transplacental micronucleus test.

PMID- 6811882
TI  - Genetic studies of phenotypic revertants of the vestigial mutant in Drosophila
      melanogaster, induced by bromouridine and ethyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - Phenotypic revertants of the vestigial mutant in Drosophila melanogaster were
      induced by ethyl methanesulfonate and bromouridine. Genetic analysis showed that
      the revertant phenotype was due to suppressor genes in most cases. 3 suppressor
      genes were located. A mechanism of action of the genes on the vestigial phenotype
      is postulated.

PMID- 6811883
TI  - Genetic effects of strong magnetic fields in Drosophila melanogaster. III.
      Combined treatment with homogeneous fields and gaseous DBCP.

PMID- 6811884
TI  - Chromosome loss induced by cyclophosphamide in ring-X males of Drosophila
      melanogaster.

PMID- 6811887
TI  - Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Further evidence for and
      characterization of the mutator effect of the inducer-reactive interaction.
AB  - 1. Several experiments were carried out to study, in the I-R hybrid dysgenesis
      system, the induction of recessive sex-linked lethal mutations in the progeny of
      SF females (obtained from crosses of female R by male I) or of RSF females
      (obtained from crosses of female I by male R). 2. Induced lethals were found in
      the progenies of SF females but not in those of RSF females. 3. The frequency of
      induced lethals decreased as SF females grew older. 4. A difference in the
      frequency of the induced lethals according to the reactive or inducer chromosome
      origin seemed apparent. Such frequency systematically appeared to be higher for
      the chromosomes of reactive origin. 5. The correlation between the rate of
      induced lethals and the intensity of the I-R interaction, as well as the
      characteristics of the lethals obtained and their non-random distribution, are in
      agreement with the hypothesis that the mutations are the consequence of the
      transposition of the I factor.

PMID- 6811888
TI  - Mutagenesis in spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster by cross-linking agents
      depends on the mus(1)101+ gene product in the oocyte.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster the sex-linked gene must(1)101+ is essential for
      mutagenesis induced by a cross-linking agent: mature sperm mutagenized by
      nitrogen mustard (HN2) yield high frequencies of induced sex-linked recessive
      lethals if tested with wild-type oocytes but practically no recessive lethals if
      tested with homozygous mus(1)101D1 oocytes. In the absence of mus(1)101+ at least
      some cross-links act as lethal lesions, whereas in the presence of mus(1)101+
      some act as premutational lesions. The lack of delayed mutations in mutant
      oocytes indicates that the lesions are efficiently eliminated and do not lead to
      mutagenesis in later post-fertilization nuclear divisions. The mutation
      mus(1)101D1 is not a null allele because, in tests with heterozygotes, it reduces
      mutagenesis to a lesser extent than a deletion including the mus(1)101 locus. It
      is a leaky allele with such a reduced activity that, in homozygous condition,
      mutagenesis is practically absent. In deletion heterozygotes the mus(1)101+ gene
      is not dosage-compensated.

PMID- 6811886
TI  - The effect of glutathione conjugation and microsomal oxidation on the
      mutagenicity of dichloromethane in S. typhimurium.
AB  - The effect of mammalian metabolizing enzymes on the mutagenicity of
      dichloromethane was investigated in S. typhimurium strain TA100. The compound was
      directly mutagenic towards this strain, but the mutagenic activity was enhanced
      upon addition of either rat-liver microsomes or the cytosol fraction. Further
      experiments showed that both the cytochrome P450 oxygenases and the glutathione-S
      transferases are involved in the bioactivation of dichloromethane.

PMID- 6811885
TI  - Induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
      males by gaseous 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).
AB  - Acute exposure to gaseous 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) caused sex-linked
      recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster males. Brood pattern
      analysis showed that spermatids and spermatocytes were more sensitive to the
      lethal-mutation induction by DBCP than were spermatogonia. The mutation induction
      was not observed in the stage of spermatozoa.

PMID- 6811889
TI  - Studies on three mutagen-sensitive mutants of mouse L5178Y cells. I.
      Characterization of the hybrids between L5178Y and mutagen-sensitive mutants.
AB  - Three mutagen-sensitive mutants, MS-1, M10 and Q31, have been isolated from mouse
      L5178Y cells. MS-1 cells are sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), M10
      cells are cross-sensitive to X-rays, MMS and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), and
      Q31 cells are cross-sensitive to UV and 4NQO. Lines resistant to 6-thioguanine
      (TGr) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUr) were isolated from L5178Y and these three
      mutagen -sensitive mutants. All the TGr lines were sensitive to 5-bromo-2'
      deoxyuridine and HAT medium and all the BUr lines were sensitive to 6-thioguanine
      and HAT medium. The hybrids homozygous for the mutagen-sensitive markers showed
      nearly the same sensitivity to UV, 4NQO, X-rays and MMS as their parental TGr and
      BUr lines. The hybrids constructed by fusing L5178Y BUr and TGr lines from each
      of MS-1, M10 and Q31 displayed the normal UV, X-ray and MMS resistancy of L5178Y
      cells. Thus the UV-, X-ray- and MMS-sensitive markers in MS-1, M10 and Q31 were
      recessive in somatic cell hybrids. The 4NQO-sensitive phenotype, however, behaved
      codominantly in somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 6811890
TI  - Studies on three mutagen-sensitive mutants of mouse L5178Y cells. II.
      Complementation analyses between two methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive mutants
      and between two 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-sensitive mutants.
AB  - Three mutagen-sensitive mutants, MS-1, M10 and Q31, were isolated from mouse
      L5178Y cells. MS-1 cells are sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), M10
      cells are cross-sensitive to X-rays, MMS and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO); and
      Q31 cells are cross-sensitive to UV and 4NQO. MMS-, X-ray- and UV-sensitive
      markers in these mutants behaved recessively in hybrids between pairs of these
      mutants as in hybrids between L5178Y and these mutants as reported before (Shiomi
      et al., 1982b). Complementation analyses were carried out by forming hybrids
      between two MMS-sensitive mutants (MS-1 and M10) and between two 4NQO-sensitive
      mutants (M10 and Q31). MMS and 4NQO survivals were measured in these hybrid
      cells. MS-1 and M10 were found to belong to different complementation groups for
      MMS-sensitive phenotypes. The hybrid clones between M10 and Q31 were as sensitive
      to 4NQO as each of the mutants, indicating codominance of 4NQO sensitivity in
      these mutants. The hybrids constructed with L5178Y and three mutants were stable
      as to their chromosome constitution for 100 days of cultivation without selective
      pressure. From the segregation studies on these hybrids, it is concluded that
      neither the X-ray-sensitive mutation in M10 nor the UV-sensitive mutation in Q31
      is located on the X chromosome.

PMID- 6811891
TI  - Unstable chromosome rearrangements associated with male recombination in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The male recombination second chromosome 23.5 MRF isolated from the same Greek
      natural population with the second chromosome 31.1 MRF induced high frequencies
      of chromosome rearrangements, including specific deletions and duplications. A
      number of the duplications recovered were found to be highly unstable. The
      duplicated chromosome segments of the unstable duplications had been either
      completely or partially lost. The loss occurred most probably by excision of the
      corresponding segments and not by unequal crossing-over involving sister
      chromatids. As regards the unstable deletions, they became either shorter or
      longer or they showed complete restoration. Hypotheses explaining the high
      frequencies of the unstable chromosome mutations detected are discussed.

PMID- 6811892
TI  - Thiourea prevents cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, but not sister-chromated
      exchanges in V79 cells treated with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II).
AB  - This work shows that cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II)'s (cis-DDP) mutagenicity, as
      well as its cytotoxicity, can be prevented by subsequent treatment with thiourea.
      Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by cis-DDP are only partially prevented
      by thiourea under conditions where mutagenicity is totally inhibited. A 4.5-h
      delay in the addition of thiourea following cis-DDP treatment results in an
      almost complete loss of its ability to prevent mutagenicity, but only a partial
      loss of its ability to prevent cytotoxicity and sister-chromatid exchanges.

PMID- 6811893
TI  - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and
      Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 2/6. An appraisal of predictive tests for
      carcinogenicity.
AB  - The history of the development of the DNA damage-induced somatic mutation theory
      of cancer induction, and of the development of predictive tests for
      carcinogenicity, is reviewed briefly. On the basis of present information, it is
      concluded that all predictive tests for carcinogenicity of chemicals should be
      based primarily on validation using established carcinogens and non-carcinogens.
      The validation studies reported frequently suffer from limitations in design.
      Predictive tests pass through three stages during validation. First, the
      developing tests have been subjected to limited validation but show sufficient
      promise to warrant further development. 10 such tests are identified from the 100
      tests reported in the literature. The second stage test can be considered as
      developed, when adequate validation studies have been completed to enable the
      selection of a test for its particular performance criteria. Only 9 such tests
      were identified of which only 1 still requiring further development can be
      considered as a useful primary screening test. 2 further tests can be considered
      as confirmatory tests to be used as a back-up to bacterial mutation assays.
      Finally, the established tests have been validated on a large scale in several
      laboratories. At present there is only one established test, namely the
      Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test). A second assay, based on E. coli, may be
      considered in this category because of its similarity to the Salmonella test. In
      conclusion, some guidelines for using predictive tests for regulatory and other
      purposes are given.

PMID- 6811894
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 42-1982. A 69-year-old man with dyspnea, weight loss, and
      abnormal x-ray films of the chest.

PMID- 6811895
TI  - Mesna and bone-marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6811896
TI  - Combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency among non-Ashkenazi Jews.

PMID- 6811899
TI  - The potential value of silage in detoxifying aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Serial concentrations of aflatoxin B1 ranging from 200 to 1500 p.p.b. in 2%
      lactic acid solution (which is the aimed concentration of lactic acid in fresh
      silage) were assayed for detoxification. Thin-layer chromatography analysis,
      revealed a complete transformation of 1 000 p.p.b. of aflatoxin B1 to a new
      fluorescing compount corresponding to aflatoxin B2a which is referred to as
      hydroxydihydro-aflatoxin B1 toxicity test on chickens confirmed Ciegler's
      findings (4). The results confirm that the chemical changes taken place in the
      silo can detoxify aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin B2a.

PMID- 6811897
TI  - Resistance to killing by serum, auxotypes, and disseminated gonococcal
      infections.

PMID- 6811898
TI  - Use of immuno-electro-diffusion on cellulose acetate for the research of the
      precipitating antibodies in the screening of patients suspected of farmer's lung
      disease.

PMID- 6811901
TI  - Structure of the cell surface.
AB  - The cell surface is the locus for many important biochemical functions of cells
      and for the interactions of cells with one another and with their environment.
      The structure of the cell surface may be thought of as three-layered, with a
      central plasma membrane to which certain macromolecular components are attached
      on the outer face (the exoskeleton) and other components on the inner face (the
      membrane cytoskeleton). In the last decade, the basic molecular structure of the
      plasma membrane has been elucidated and can be represented by the fluid mosaic
      model as a first approximation. The binding of specific integral proteins of the
      membrane to individual peripheral proteins outside or inside the cell is most
      likely the basis for the three-layered structure of the cell surface. Studies of
      the last several years on the molecular structures of these three-layered cell
      surfaces of cultured normal fibroblasts and of fibroblasts transformed by
      oncogenic viruses are beginning to shed light on the molecular mechanisms
      responsible for changes in cell shape, adhesiveness, and in contact inhibition of
      motility associated with neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 6811900
TI  - Binding of aflatoxin B1, G1 and M to plasma albumin.
AB  - The aflatoxins B1, G1 and their metabolites exist in the systemic blood as
      protein conjugate. This conjugation is specific to plasma albumin and proceeds
      enzymatically by liver and kidney cells. The aflatoxin-albumin conjugate is
      permanent and the conjugation is an irreversible one. This may interpret the
      acute liver damage of animal ingested a single dose of aflatoxin (3,4). The
      existence of bound aflatoxin-albumin in the systematic blood could be considered
      as one factor of low excretions of aflatoxins and their metabolites in urine
      (5,6,7).

PMID- 6811903
TI  - Problems of drug dependence, 1981. Proceedings of the 43rd annual scientific
      meeting, the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc.

PMID- 6811902
TI  - Mutagenesis and cellular responses to DNA damage.
AB  - Treatment of Escherichia coli with DNA-damaging agents results in the increased
      expression of a set of din (damage-inducible) genes. We have studied the
      regulation and function of these genes by using the Mud(Ap, lac) bacteriophage to
      obtain fusions of the beta-galactosidase structural gene to the promoters of
      various din genes. By this technique, we have shown that the uvrA, uvrB, and umuC
      genes are induced by UV and other DNA damaging agents. The products of the uvrA
      and uvrB genes are required for the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers and
      other bulky lesions; the umuC gene product is required for most chemical
      mutagenesis in E. coli. Genetic analyses of all of the din-lac fusions isolated
      to date indicate that lexA is the direct repressor of each of the din genes and
      that proteolytic cleavage of the lexA protein is required for their induction. We
      have also been studying the mechanism by which the clinically isolated plasmid
      pKM101 increases the susceptibility of cells to chemical mutagenesis. Inasmuch as
      the effects of pKM101 on mutagenesis are recA+ lexA+ -dependent and the plasmid
      can suppress the nonmutability of a umuC mutant, it seems likely that pKM101 may
      carry an analog of the chromosomal umuC gene. By insertion mutagenesis using Tn5,
      we identified an approximately 2,000-base pair region of pKM101 which is
      necessary for its effects on mutagenesis.

PMID- 6811904
TI  - Precursors of addiction.

PMID- 6811905
TI  - A structure activity relationship study of the cyclohexyl and aromatic rings of
      phencyclidine (PCP).

PMID- 6811906
TI  - Endogenous opioids may mediate ethanol's effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-LH
      axis.

PMID- 6811907
TI  - Behavioral dependence in rhesus monkeys with chronic phencyclidine
      administration.

PMID- 6811908
TI  - Comparison of barbiturate and benzodiazepine self-injection in the baboon.

PMID- 6811909
TI  - Experimental induction of benzodiazepine physical dependence in rodents.

PMID- 6811910
TI  - Dependence potential of buprenorphine studied in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6811911
TI  - Developmental epidemiological studies of substance use in Woodlawn: implications
      for prevention research strategy.

PMID- 6811912
TI  - Is drug abuse treatment effective?

PMID- 6811913
TI  - Withdrawal from heroin in three or six weeks: comparison of LAAM versus
      methadone.

PMID- 6811914
TI  - Self-regulated opioid detoxification by humans: effects of methadone
      pretreatment.

PMID- 6811915
TI  - Comparison of three outpatient methadone detoxification procedures.

PMID- 6811916
TI  - Opiate detoxification using lofexidine.

PMID- 6811917
TI  - Lofexidine blocks acute opiate withdrawal.

PMID- 6811918
TI  - Methodology for assessing agents that suppress methadone withdrawal: a study of
      baclofen.

PMID- 6811919
TI  - Urine monitoring of methadone maintenance clients: does it prevent illicit drug
      use?

PMID- 6811920
TI  - Contingent reinforcement of benzodiazepine-free urines from methadone maintenance
      patients.

PMID- 6811921
TI  - Clinical analgesic assay of sublingual buprenorphine and intramuscular morphine.
AB  - A six-point, incomplete block assay of sublingual buprenorphine and intramuscular
      morphine has been carried out, providing valid relative potency estimates of the
      two drugs in terms of total relief on both categorical and visual analog scales.
      Sublingual buprenorphine was about 15.5 times as potent as intramuscular morphine
      in terms of these total relief estimates. Similar relative potency estimates were
      obtained using first-dose-only data. There was no evidence of interaction by day
      in the crossover data, and the crossover study proved more efficient and provided
      tighter confidence limits. Sublingual buprenorphine produced a lower peak effect
      than intramuscular morphine. At equivalent peak effects, it produced longer
      lasting analgesia. Side effect occurrence was roughly comparable for the two
      drugs, and no evidence of narcotic antagonist activity was seen after
      buprenorphine. The six-point assay proved to be effective in defining the dose
      effect curves and relative potencies of the two drugs.

PMID- 6811922
TI  - Sources of variation in morphine analgesia in cancer patients with chronic pain.

PMID- 6811923
TI  - The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence--past, present, and future. The
      Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 6811924
TI  - A comparison of some subjective effects of prazepam, diazepam, and placebo.

PMID- 6811925
TI  - Differential motor and state functioning in newborns of women on methadone.

PMID- 6811926
TI  - The effects of perinatal addiction on pulmonary function in the newborn.

PMID- 6811927
TI  - Patient self-adjustment of methadone maintenance dose.

PMID- 6811928
TI  - Biological evaluation of compounds for their dependence liability. V. Drug
      testing program of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. (1981).

PMID- 6811930
TI  - Susceptibility to substance abuse among American Indians: variation across
      sociocultural settings.

PMID- 6811929
TI  - Dependence studies of new compounds in the rhesus monkey, rat, and mouse (1981).

PMID- 6811931
TI  - 1981 annual report: evaluation of new compounds for opioid activity.

PMID- 6811932
TI  - Progress report of the NIDA Addiction Research Center.

PMID- 6811933
TI  - Use of contingency contracts in specialty clinics for cocaine abuse.
AB  - Animal research reveals that cocaine is a highly reinforcing drug, and patients
      describe it as "compelling"; the drug maintains vigorous self-administration
      behavior in animals and humans despite its clear adverse effects. This suggests
      that the drug is very difficult for experienced users to give up. It further
      suggests a need for vigorous treatment to produce and maintain abstinence, thus
      permitting patients to relearn drug-free behaviors which are alternative to
      continued cocaine use. This 12-month pilot study aimed to determine 1) whether
      cocaine abusers would enter and remain in treatment, and 2) whether contingency
      contracts appear to complement standard clinical treatment in initiating and
      maintaining abstinence. We established cocaine clinics in Denver and Aspen. Of
      the first 67 patients admitted into those clinics, 32 (48 percent) elected to
      utilize contingency contracts. Thirty-one of those completely abstained from
      cocaine use during the treatment. Of the 35 patients who did not elect to use
      contingency contracts, no one remained abstinent and in treatment for more than
      four weeks. The results indicate that cocaine abusers will enter treatment, and
      that contingency contracting may contribute to a favorable outcome.

PMID- 6811934
TI  - A comparison of urine collection schedules with different predictability in a
      methadone clinic.

PMID- 6811935
TI  - Depression in pregnant drug-dependent women.

PMID- 6811936
TI  - LAAM instead of take-home methadone.

PMID- 6811937
TI  - Characteristics of 68 chronic phencyclidine abusers who sought treatment.

PMID- 6811938
TI  - Effect of chronic heroin exposure on pregnant rats and their offspring.

PMID- 6811939
TI  - Direct relationship of brain concentration of methadone with analgesia in chronic
      morphine-implanted and acute naloxone-treated rats.

PMID- 6811940
TI  - Postulated origin of narcotic antagonist activity in novel N-methylbenzomorphans.

PMID- 6811941
TI  - Naltrexone and psychotherapy.

PMID- 6811942
TI  - Progress report from the NIDA Addiction Research Center (Preclinical Laboratory),
      Lexington, Ky.

PMID- 6811944
TI  - WHO response to international treaty obligations.

PMID- 6811943
TI  - Oral self-administration of phencyclidine (PCP) and PCP analogs and tolerance to
      PCP's behavioral effects.

PMID- 6811945
TI  - Bicifadine: non-narcotic analgesic activity of 1-aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]
      hexanes.

PMID- 6811946
TI  - Synthetic opium alkaloids and derivatives. 2. Efficient total synthesis of (-)
      dihydrocodeinone and congeners.

PMID- 6811947
TI  - Chromatin changes accompany immunoglobulin kappa gene activation: a potential
      control region within the gene.

PMID- 6811948
TI  - When do carcinogen-treated 10T1/2 cells acquire the commitment to form
      transformed foci?

PMID- 6811949
TI  - Prolactin and parental behaviour in a male New World primate.

PMID- 6811950
TI  - Unusual association of V, J and C regions in a mouse immunoglobulin lambda chain.

PMID- 6811951
TI  - Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment.

PMID- 6811952
TI  - Reciprocal tonic activation of inspiratory and expiratory motoneurones by
      chemical drives.

PMID- 6811953
TI  - Rearrangements between the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene JH and C mu regions
      accompany normal B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 6811954
TI  - Sequence of an HLA-DR alpha-chain cDNA clone and intron-exon organization of the
      corresponding gene.

PMID- 6811955
TI  - Redesigning enzyme structure by site-directed mutagenesis: tyrosyl tRNA
      synthetase and ATP binding.

PMID- 6811956
TI  - Effects of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase, on the rat mammary tumour induced by 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - 1. The effects of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (RMI 71782; DFMO) on the
      tumours induced in female rats by a single oral administration of 20 mg 7,12
      dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) have been investigated. 2. Treatment with DFMO
      (2% aqueous solution as sole drinking fluid) starting 30 days after
      administration of DMBA resulted in markedly fewer animals with tumours and
      greater than 90% reduction in the total number of tumours. 3. In rats bearing at
      least one palpable tumour, treatment with DFMO (2% in the drinking water) slowed
      significantly the rate of appearance of new tumours but affected to only a
      minimal extent the growth of existing tumours. Tumour ornithine decarboxylase
      activities and putrescine concentrations were reduced by treatment with DFMO; the
      activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase was increased and the
      concentration of spermine either remained unchanged or increased depending on the
      length of treatment. 4. Cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/kg, injected once then repeated
      after 10 days, altered neither the rate of appearance of new tumours nor the
      growth of the existing tumours. Combined treatment with DFMO plus
      cyclophosphamide resulted in regression of the majority of tumours existing at
      the start of treatment and a marked reduction in the rate of appearance of new
      tumours. 5. In conclusion, DFMO has clear antitumoral activity against the rat
      mammary tumour induced by DMBA. The effects are manifested principally as a
      decreased rate of tumour appearance but meaningful effects on tumour growth are
      observed if the drug is administered during early tumour development or in
      combination with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6811957
TI  - Permeability changes of Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells induced by a cytotoxin
      from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites tumor cells from mice were damaged during in vitro incubation
      with a cytotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of greater than 1
      microgram/ml. After a short time the cells started to lose potassium whereas
      their sodium content increased. When the protein concentration of the incubation
      medium was adjusted to the protein concentration inside the cells, swelling and
      release of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was avoided. However, lysis of the
      cells still took place. Preincubation of cells with tetrodotoxin, 4-aminopyridine
      or tetraethylammonium did not influence damage to the cells. The cells showed a
      steep increase in toxin response between 17 degrees and 27 degrees C ranging from
      insensitivity to full sensitivity. An increase in electrical conductance was
      measured during incubation of cholesterol bilayer membranes with a cytotoxin
      concentration of 1 microgram/ml. The conductance was increased by a factor of ten
      within 30 min at 25 degrees C which indicates the involvement of membrane lipids
      in the cytotoxin action.

PMID- 6811958
TI  - Microsomal ethanol oxidation in the colonic mucosa of the rat. Effect of chronic
      ethanol ingestion.
AB  - A microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) is present in the colonic mucosa of
      the rat. This MEOS metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde at the physiological pH of
      7.4. Alcohol dehydrogenase or catalase are not involved in the reaction. The
      Michaelis Menten constant of the reaction is 13.7 +/- 0.3 mM and the maximal
      velocity is 219 +/- 30 pmoles acetaldehyde/mg microsomal protein X min. Bacterial
      ethanol metabolism does not contribute to the acetaldehyde production in the
      colonic MEOS. Chronic ethanol consumption has no effect on colonic MEOS activity.
      In addition, chronic ethanol ingestion does not affect colonic microsomal NADPH
      cytochrome-c-reductase nor benzo(a) pyrene hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 6811959
TI  - The effects of molsidomine on intracranial pressure in anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - Measurements of intracranial liquor pressure were made during i.v. molsidomine
      administration in pentobarbital anaesthetized beagle dogs without thoracotomy,
      and compared with those after nitroglycerin. The administration of 100
      micrograms/kg molsidomine decreased blood pressure by 14 mmHg and increased
      intracranial pressure by 3.7 cm H2O (P less than 0.05). No changes in heart rate
      and the alveolar end-tidal CO2 concentration were noted. The i.v. administration
      of 5 micrograms/kg nitroglycerin, however, decreased systolic blood pressure by
      41 mmHg (p less than 0.05), increased heart rate by 40 bpm (p less than 0.01),
      elevated intracranial pressure by 3.2 cm H2O (p less than 0.05), and caused
      marked hyperventilation indicated by increased end-tidal CO2 concentration.
      Larger increases in intracranial pressure were related to larger pressure
      reductions. Thus, molsidomine produced significant increase in intracranial
      liquor pressure of longer duration (60 to 90 min of observation time).
      Nitroglycerin increased liquor pressure with a short duration of action and was
      about twenty time more effective with respect to intracranial pressure increase.
      In contrast to molsidomine, this was accompanied by significant decrease in
      systolic peripheral blood pressure.

PMID- 6811960
TI  - Effects of chronic sodium depletion on renal tubular sodium and water
      reabsorption in man.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of sodium depletion on tubular Na and H2O
      transport in man, renal clearance studies were performed under control conditions
      and after sodium depletion in 7 normal subjects. The control diet contained 250
      mEq of Na daily. Sodium depletion was induced by placing subjects on a 20-mEq/day
      na diet and administering furosemide (40 mg) dialy for 3 days. Balance studies
      revealed that the subjects were in Na balance under control conditions, and that
      after sodium depletion had been established they were in a sodium-retaining
      state. Subjects were studied under both conditions, after H2O hydration and
      during a subsequent hypotonic mannitol infusion. After H2O hydration the minimal
      urinary osmolality averaged 61 and 67 mosm/kg in the sodium depletion and control
      states, respectively. Sodium depletion was associated with a significant
      reduction in C inulin, sodium clearance (CNa), urine flow (V), fractional urine
      flow (V/GFR), free water (CH2O), and fractional free water clearance (CH2O/GFR).
      During hypotonic mannitol infusion indices of absolute and fractional delivery of
      Na from the proximal tubule (CH2O + CNa; CH2O/GFR + CNa/GFR) were consistently
      reduced after sodium depletion and rose more slowly as absolute and fractional
      distal sodium chloride supply (CH2O + CNa; CH2O/GFR + CNa/GFR) were increased.
      These data are consistent with the view that modest sodium depletion in man
      provokes an increase in fractional sodium chloride reabsorption in both the
      proximal and distal tubules.

PMID- 6811961
TI  - In vivo and vitro absorption of amino acids and dipeptides in the small intestine
      of uremic rats.

PMID- 6811962
TI  - Lysine metabolism in the human and the monkey: demonstration of pipecolic acid
      formation in the brain and other organs.
AB  - Metabolism of L-[U-14C]lysine was studied in the human autopsy tissues and the
      intact monkeys through intracerebroventricular and intravenous injections. The
      human tissues were more active in the metabolism of L-[14C]lysine to
      [14C]pipecolate than the rat tissues previously reported. This metabolism was
      equally active in the phosphate (pH 7) and the glycyl-glycine (pH 8.6) buffers
      with the brain and the kidney having higher activity than the liver. Besides
      [14C]pipecolate, traces of [14C]saccharopine and alpha-[14C]aminoadipate were
      also detected in the liver incubation. Twenty-four hr after intraventricular
      injection of L-[14C]lysine to the monkey, substantial labeling of pipecolate and
      alpha-aminoadipate was observed in the brain and spinal cord, with the kidney,
      liver and the plasma having much reduced levels. Radioactivity levels of these
      two compounds were found low in the organs and plasma of the intravenously
      injected monkey. The urine of both monkeys contained only traces of
      [14C]pipecolate, even though it contained high levels of L-[14C]lysine and alpha
      [14C]aminoadipate. It was concluded that L-lysine is actively metabolized to
      pipecolate and alpha-aminoadipate in the human and the monkey, that this reaction
      is most active in the brain when L-lysine is intraventricularly administered, and
      that in contrast to the rat, the monkey may have an effective renal reabsorption
      for pipecolate which is similar to the human.

PMID- 6811963
TI  - Glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency in spinocerebellar degenerations.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in leukocytes and platelets in
      spinocerebellar degenerations (SCD) was determined. In the same subject, GDH
      activity was higher and more reproducible in platelets than in leukocytes. GDH
      was decreased significantly in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (Ca. 30%
      decrease). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in platelets showed non specific
      decreased activity in SCD and amyotropic lateral sclerosis. Energy metabolism in
      cerebellum may be diminished in some types of ataxia, and glutaminergic neurons
      may be more affected in OPCA than in other SCD.

PMID- 6811964
TI  - Arachidonic acid and arachidonoyl-diglycerols increase in rat cerebrum during
      bicuculline-induced status epilepticus.
AB  - Bicuculline-induced status epilepticus was found to be associated with increased
      amounts of free fatty acids and diacylglycerols in the rat cerebrum. The
      predominant fatty acid in both lipid pools was arachidonic acid. The accumulation
      of arachidonoyl-diglycerols decreased at the time of and during behavioral
      seizures induced by bicuculline, while the amount of free arachidonic acid
      appeared to increase. We propose a metabolic relationship between these lipids to
      explain the described changes. The similarities between the composition of the
      lipid pools and the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol support the
      hypothesis that these changes may be a result of a convulsion-activated
      degradation of this phospholipid from excitable membranes.

PMID- 6811965
TI  - Ventral root depolarization and spinal reflex augmentation by a TRH analog in rat
      spinal cord.
AB  - The experiments were performed on spinal rats transected at the C 1 level.
      Intravenous administrations of TRH and its analog DN-1417 (gamma-butyrolactone
      gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide), which  has less endocrine activity,
      produced a marked increase in the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) and depolarization of
      the ventral root, without affecting the dorsal root reflex (DRR) and the resting
      potential of the dorsal root. Excitation of the monosynaptic reflex was not
      antagonized by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, atropine or cyproheptadine, and was
      not influenced by pretreatment with reserpine. The depolarization of the ventral
      root persisted in the presence of baclofen or tetrodotoxin. These findings
      suggest that depolarization of the ventral root induced by TRH and DN-1417 is due
      to a direct action on motoneuronal membranes, and that an increase in the
      monosynaptic reflex is in part due to a depolarization of motoneurones. The
      effect of DN-1417 were longer lasting than those of TRH.

PMID- 6811966
TI  - Role of visual afferent activity in the development of ocular dominance columns.

PMID- 6811967
TI  - Treatment of experimental stroke: comparison of naloxone and thyrotropin
      releasing hormone.
AB  - The effects of naloxone and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were compared in
      an incremental air embolization model of experimental stroke in dogs. Naloxone
      treatment significantly improved the cortical somatosensory evoked response and
      had a beneficial effect on local cerebral blood flow, whereas TRH treatment had
      no effect on these variables. These findings may implicate endorphins in the
      pathophysiology of stroke and indicate that naloxone may have a therapeutic role
      in this condition. Moreover, the lack of effect of TRH in this model, in contrast
      to its therapeutic effect in experimental spinal injury, indicates that the
      pathophysiologic responses to ischemic cerebral injury and traumatic spinal
      injury may differ.

PMID- 6811968
TI  - The nature of complex discocilia in the endostyle of Ciona (Tunicata:
      Ascidiacea).

PMID- 6811970
TI  - [External teflon-silastic arteriovenous shunt for blood chemical monitoring and
      parenteral nutrition of the critical patient].

PMID- 6811969
TI  - [Postoperative hypocaloric parenteral nutrition. A balance].

PMID- 6811971
TI  - [Complications of total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6811972
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas. I. General aspects of the problem].

PMID- 6811973
TI  - [Hepatitis A, B, and non-A, non-B. Epidemiologic, clinical and differential
      immunologic aspects].
AB  - The results of a clinical and epidemiological investigation on the differential
      characters of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis non-A, non-B (NANB) are
      reported. A more accurate nosological definition of NANB hepatitis has showed the
      following characters: on incubation period intermediate between hepatitis A and
      hepatitis B; transmission similar to hepatitis B; onset of the disease and
      clinical features similar to hepatitis A; jaundice of lower intensity than
      hepatitis A; lower IgM levels than hepatitis A; a remarkable tendency to evolve
      towards chronic liver disease, higher than hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

PMID- 6811974
TI  - [Diverticula of the female urethra].

PMID- 6811975
TI  - Total I.V. care concept.

PMID- 6811976
TI  - Evaluating methods of administering antibiotics and TPN when using a pump system.

PMID- 6811977
TI  - Expressed human milk in the dietary management of infants at high risk of
      infection.

PMID- 6811978
TI  - Nutritional supplementation and growth restoration in juvenile Crohn's disease: a
      new approach.

PMID- 6811979
TI  - Managing epilepsy: don't forget the patient.

PMID- 6811980
TI  - Cancer screening: problems and benefits.

PMID- 6811981
TI  - Diamine oxidase in the diagnosis of ruptured fetal membranes.
AB  - Diamine oxidase activity is present in amniotic fluid but absent from vaginal
      secretions, providing a method for diagnosing rupture of membranes. Vaginal
      secretions were absorbed onto sterile paper strips, eluted, and assayed for
      diamine oxidase activity. Interfering substances included maternal serum, iodine
      antiseptics, and large amounts of meconium. Two of 109 prenatal clinic (negative
      control) specimens displayed measurable diamine oxidase activity; one of 144
      postamniotomy (positive control) specimens had no diamine oxidase activity. Of 75
      test specimens obtained by speculum examination and 488 test specimens obtained
      without the aid of a speculum, 18 and 62, respectively, displayed a diamine
      oxidase test result different from results of conventional tests (nitrazine
      paper, ferning, fetal cell stains). These discrepancies are discussed in view of
      the utility of the diamine oxidase test as an adjunct to conventional methods for
      diagnosing rupture of membranes. The diamine oxidase test appears to be
      objective, sensitive, quantitative, and capable of detecting amniotic fluid leaks
      more than 25 hours after rupture of membranes. It can be performed in 1 hour and
      requires a scintillation counter.

PMID- 6811982
TI  - The use of ibuprofen and dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative
      adhesion formation.

PMID- 6811984
TI  - Pathology vs. prevention: the health promotion debate.

PMID- 6811983
TI  - Management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1981, 412 women with biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia (CIN) were treated by means of the carbon dioxide laser. A previous
      publication reported the author's initial therapeutic results with laser surgery
      for CIN, carried out between 1976 and 1978. This report includes data on 297
      patients who were followed for 6 months to 5 years after laser vaporization and
      on 55 women treated by laser excisional cone. Major improvements in the technique
      of carbon dioxide laser vaporization evolved as experience was gained, and
      related to elimination of the entire squamocolumnar junction, to destruction of
      neoplastic tissue to a depth of 5 to 7 mm, and to utilization of power densities
      greater than 1000 watts/cm2. Cures were achieved in 285 of the 297 patients
      treated by vaporization, ie, the failure rate was 4% (52 of 55 women treated by
      excisional cone). Complications during this study were minor and usually
      correlated with delayed bleeding. One patient developed cervical stenosis
      following laser excisional cone. No patient was found to have invasive carcinoma
      after laser surgery to the cervix. Because laser vaporization and laser
      excisional cone are best adapted for the outpatient setting, financial savings
      accruing to the patient are considerable. Rapid healing, minimal pain, and a
      general absence of noxious symptomatology also promote early return to work and
      daily routines.

PMID- 6811985
TI  - Establishing priorities in the wellness program.

PMID- 6811986
TI  - Histochemical and electron microscopic study of mossy fiber endings in the
      hippocampal formation after oxine administration.

PMID- 6811987
TI  - Cost-effectiveness in eyebanking.
AB  - The current operating budget for American eyebanks is more than $5 million per
      year, and an increasing portion of this expense is being paid by third-party
      payers. American eyebanks were surveyed to determine what a reasonable cost per
      transplant tissue might be and to see if recommendations could be made that would
      help optimize cost-effectiveness in American eyebanking. Most well-run eyebanks
      needed between $222 to $464 to process each donor cornea for transplantation.
      This cost-effective goal was most often met if the bank provided at least 150
      corneas annually and if there was a full-time professional staff using modern
      tissue preservation techniques. An eyebank unable to meet these goals should
      consider obtaining its tissue from the nearest cost-effective eyebank, allowing
      the redirection of charitable contributions to other more cost-effective eye care
      related community activities.

PMID- 6811988
TI  - The effect of formocresol and glutaraldehyde on certain enzymes in bovine dental
      pulp.
AB  - The effect of a 2-hour formocresol and glutaraldehyde treatment on two enzymes of
      bovine pulp was measured. Lactic dehydrogenase, a respiratory enzyme, was sharply
      affected by 0.5 percent and one percent glutaraldehyde and a 1:5 dilution of
      formocresol, exhibiting 7-, 71-, and 40-fold decreases in activity, respectively.
      Alkaline phosphatase was much less responsive to these same agents, giving only
      4.5-, 17-, and 2.5-fold reductions after treatment, respectively. These findings
      support histochemical studies which have suggested the sensitivity of respiratory
      enzymes of the pulp to fixative medicaments.

PMID- 6811989
TI  - Rate of formation of regular and irregular secondary dentin in monkey teeth.
AB  - An in vivo hard-tissue labeling technique was used to study the formation of
      regular and irregular secondary dentin in thirty-one monkey teeth. The formation
      of regular secondary dentin averaged 0.8 micrometer per day. No difference was
      found in the rate of formation of regular secondary dentin and irregular
      secondary dentin associated with attrition. The formation of irregular secondary
      dentin following restorative procedures averaged 2.9 micrometers per day. During
      the first 30 postoperative days less irregular secondary dentin was formed
      subjacent to deep cavities as compared to shallow ones. This could be the result
      of an initial injury to the odontoblasts caused by the operative and/or
      restorative procedures.

PMID- 6811991
TI  - Use of antibiotics in primary care.

PMID- 6811990
TI  - A comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness of endosonic and hand root canal
      therapy.

PMID- 6811992
TI  - Areawide quality assurance studies in long term care facilities.

PMID- 6811993
TI  - Quality assurance uses of levels of functioning ratings: applications in a
      community mental health center.

PMID- 6811994
TI  - The effect of quality assurance activities on the quality of mental health
      services.

PMID- 6811995
TI  - [Paratyphoid spondylitis].

PMID- 6811996
TI  - 1982 Instruction Course.

PMID- 6811997
TI  - [Complex absence and psychomotor attack as well as simple absence and so-called
      temporal pseudoabsence--a diagnostic and therapeutic problem in childhood].

PMID- 6811998
TI  - Measles and its problems. A clinical analysis of hospitalized patients under 5
      years of age.

PMID- 6811999
TI  - The in-vitro interaction between several components of the canine immune system
      and infective larvae of Ancylostoma caninum.

PMID- 6812000
TI  - Suppression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation by plasma from patients
      with hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni: role of immune complexes.
AB  - Plasma from chronic or advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (mansoni) patients
      (PCS) suppressed mitogen-induced responses of normal human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells. 1 x 10(5) Ficoll-Hypaque isolated lymphocytes were cultured in
      100 microliter RPMI 1640 media with 100 microliter plasma preparation and
      stimulated with phytohemagglutinin P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus phage lysate (SPL). Compared to normal
      human plasma, dose-response experiments with 10-50% PCS uniformly inhibited the
      72-h PHA, Con A and PWM responses with maximal suppression at 50% plasma
      concentration. At this concentration, the range of suppression was 42-60%. The
      inhibitory activity was unaffected by 56 degrees C, 30 min pretreatment of PCS.
      However, pre-culture of cells with PHA for 24 h prior to addition of 50% PCS
      abrogated the suppressor activity. Furthermore, 6-day cultures with PWM and SPL
      were not suppressed by 50% PCS. Plasma suppressor activity was nearly eliminated
      by pre-treatment of PCS with 4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) in all cases. In
      the putative immune complexes in the PEG precipitates, Clq, C3, C4, IgG, IgM and
      IgA were identified in nearly all PCS samples. Schistosomal antigen was found in
      only two of 23 PCS samples tested and significant anti-schistosomal IgG
      antibodies were found in all PEG precipitates. The data suggest immune complexes
      (non-specific and specific) act to suppress 72-h mitogenic responses.

PMID- 6812001
TI  - Characterization of excretory-secretory antigens of Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - Twenty-one day old Fasciola hepatica were recovered from the livers of infected
      mice and cultured for 5-7 days in a serum-free medium containing either
      [14C]leucine, [14C]isoleucine or [35S]methionine, or in a medium containing
      [14C]leucine and serum from sheep vaccinated with excretory-- secretory (ES)
      antigens of juvenile F. hepatica. All three labelled amino acids were
      incorporated into fluke proteins. Labelled proteins also appeared in the culture
      medium. Three major polypeptides detected in the culture media had apparent
      molecular weights of 26,000, 24,000 and 23,000. All were immunoprecipitated from
      [14C]leucine-labelled culture medium using antisera against fluke somatic
      antigens raised in rabbits or from sheep vaccinated with ES antigens of juvenile
      F. hepatica. A polypeptide of molecular weight 27,000 was also prominent in the
      culture medium when [14C]isoleucine was used. This polypeptide was present was a
      minor component when [14C]leucine and [35S]methionine were included in the
      culture media; it did not appear to be immunoprecipitated by the above antisera
      from [14C]leucine-labelled culture medium. In the presence of serum from
      vaccinated sheep, the ES antigens formed immune complexes which contained the
      polypeptides mentioned above, together with several higher molecular weight
      polypeptides. Additionally, a number of minor bands of varying molecular weight
      were present. After micro-Ouchterlony gel immunodiffusion, 2 precipitin lines
      formed between the labelled ES antigens and antisera. Electrophoresis of these
      indicated that the 23,000, 24,000 and 26,000 Dalton labelled polypeptides were
      present in each. The higher molecular weight and the 27,000 Dalton labelled
      polypeptides were also present in one of the lines.

PMID- 6812002
TI  - Viruses-exploiters or dependents of the host?

PMID- 6812004
TI  - [In vitro action of new beta-lactams on hospital strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa producing beta-lactamases ].
AB  - A list of 117 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been selected for the
      resistance to carbenicillin. The study of these strains has shown that 22 p. cent
      were producing a constitutive beta-lactamase. These enzymes could be classified
      in CARB, TEM-type enzyme and OXA. A relation between their production of beta
      lactamases and the MIC has been established.

PMID- 6812003
TI  - [Controlled study of pristinamycin versus oxacillin in staphylococcal infections
      ].
AB  - A prospective double-blind study was conducted in patients hospitalized with a
      staphylococcal infection. The effects of oxacillin (4-6 g/d) and pristinamycin (2
      3 g/d) were compared. These were 52 cutaneous infections and 17 other ones. The
      results of the two antibiotics effects were not different. Tolerance was
      appreciated in the 82 patients who entered the study: pristinamycin had fewer
      (but not significantly different) side effects than oxacillin (3/37 vs 9/45). As
      pristinamycin is active in vitro on at least 95 p. cent of strains, we concluded
      that it can be the first choice antibiotic in staphylococcal infections when the
      oral route is possible.

PMID- 6812005
TI  - [Study of the bactericidal activity of pristinamycin ].
AB  - In vitro, the bacteriostatic activity of pristinamycin varies according to the
      relative proportion of its two components, P I and P II, following a bell-shaped
      curve reflecting their synergistic effect. In vivo, the pharmacological profile
      of both components could be different and their synergistic bacteriostatic effect
      may therefore vary. This led us to study the bactericidal activity of different
      concentrations of the two components. Strains of staphylococci of varying
      sensitivity to macrolides and to each of the two components, P I and P II, were
      tested in our laboratory. We studied the bactericidal effect of various relative
      concentrations of both components tested in nutrient broth and transferred on
      nutrient agar, using Millipore membranes (according to the modified Chabbert's
      technique of cellophane transfer). We showed that the synergistic bactericidal
      activity of the two components yields a curve quite different from that observed
      for their bacteriostatic activity: the bactericidal activity is excellent,
      irrespective of the relative proportions of P I and P II in the medium. For all
      tested strains and relative proportions of both components, the MIC/MBC ratio is
      equal to one. We can therefore conclude that the determination of the SBA is
      useless and can assume that, as far as the serum levels of both components are
      above the MIC for the pathogenic strains, the blood is bactericidal. We have
      previously shown that transient incubation of P II on its target (50 S ribosomal
      sub-unit) led to a binding strength which is high (bactericidal activity) and
      prolonged ("bacteriopause").

PMID- 6812006
TI  - [Combined in vitro effect of new betalactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ].
AB  - The association of 11 betalactam antibiotics (carbenicillin, ticarcillin,
      azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cefotaxim, cefoperazone, ceftriaxon,
      moxalactam, cefsulodin, ceftazidim) with each of the 3 aminoglycosides
      (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) were studied by the broth dilution method
      ("checkboard" technic) against 6 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chosen as a
      function of their "phenotype". The coefficient of synergy (FIC and FBC) were
      calculated for the 198 combinations (33 combinations per strain). Bacteriostatic
      synergy was observed in 18 per cent of the cases and bactericidal synergy in 48
      per cent. Synergic association were found to be a function of phenotype. Synergy
      was rarely observed against bacterial strains resistant to aminoglycosides.
      Synergy was most frequently observed with two antibiotics in intermediate
      potency, or an active aminoglycosides combined with an active betalactam
      antibiotic. The combination containing amikacin produced the most synergy.

PMID- 6812007
TI  - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaemia: new clinical and therapeutic aspects ].
AB  - Fifty one cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaemia observed during the last
      12 years are reported. Thirty five patients were over fifty years old; 92 p. cent
      were admitted for several days and about 50 p. cent were in post-operative
      period. A previous antibiotherapy and an impaired status are promotive factors.
      The respiratory or peritoneal origins are the most frequent. All patients were
      feverish; 24 have had an infectious shock which was inaugural in 12 cases. Seven
      pneumonitis, 3 endocarditis, one pericarditis and 2 osteitis were observed. An
      ecthyma gangrenosum was noted in three patients. Mortality was 70 p. cent.
      Comparison between recovered and died patients improved bad prognosis of old age,
      post operative  period, neoplasic, previous organica weakness and pulmonary or
      peritoneal origins. Used alone, colimycin has seemed to be more effective than
      aminosid antibiotics; but their association with betalactamins was better. An in
      vitro study of the susceptibility of 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains has
      proved the interest of piperacillin and cefsulodin; azlocillin, cefoperazone and
      ceftriaxone are just less effective.

PMID- 6812008
TI  - Developing carcinoma (dysplasia) of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 6812009
TI  - The kidney in lymphoplasmacytic disorders.

PMID- 6812010
TI  - [Antihypoxic action of gutimine in the experimental therapy of acute chlorophos
      poisoning].

PMID- 6812011
TI  - Current status of the etiology and management of dysmenorrhea in adolescence.

PMID- 6812012
TI  - Totally vegetarian diets and infant nutrition.
AB  - Observations on the deleterious effects of a totally vegetarian diet in infancy
      are reported and the difficulties encountered in the prevention of nutritional
      deficiencies in a vegan religious community are discussed. Twenty-five infants of
      this community who were seen at the hospital showed evidence of protein-calorie
      malnutrition, iron- and vitamin B12-deficient anemia, rickets, zinc deficiency,
      and multiple recurrent infections. Evidence of growth retardation was also found
      in 47 infants seen at the local mother-child health (well-baby) clinic. Samples
      of breast milk showed low levels of carbohydrate (1.6 to 3.5 gm/100 ml), protein
      (0.8 to 1.4 gm/100 ml), and fat (2.4 to 4.1 gm/100 ml). The main constituent of
      the infants' diet after the age of 3 months (a "soya milk" prepared at the
      community's central kitchen) was extremely dilute with a very low calorific value
      (13.7 kcal/100 ml). Persistent attempts to find dietary modifications that would
      satisfy both the vegan philosophy and also the recommended dietary allowances
      failed. This problem represents a scientific and medicosocial challenge to
      pediatricians and nutritionists.

PMID- 6812013
TI  - Management of esophageal and pharyngeal perforation in the newborn infant.
AB  - Perforation of the esophagus or pharynx may occur during placement of
      endotracheal or nasogastric tubes in the newborn infant. Controversy exists,
      however, whether medical or surgical therapy is better in the management of these
      perforations. Nine patients who had esophageal or pharyngeal perforation in the
      neonatal period and were treated medically with antibiotics, nutritional support,
      and closed chest-tube drainage of pneumothoraces are described. All perforations
      healed without surgical repair. No mortality or morbidity occurred secondary to
      these perforations. This study, together with a review of the 73 patients
      described in the literature, indicate that perforations of the pharynx and
      esophagus can be satisfactorily managed medically. There is no apparent advantage
      to routine early surgical exploration. Only complications such as mediastinitis
      and mediastinal mass formation seem to require surgical treatment. Medical
      therapy with close observation for signs of sepsis and/or mediastinal changes
      will enable most newborn infants to avoid an operation and will identify those
      infants for whom surgery is definitely indicated.

PMID- 6812014
TI  - Does carbon dioxide play a role in retrolental fibroplasia?

PMID- 6812016
TI  - Interaction of CO2 and positive and negative exercise stimuli on the ventilation
      in man.

PMID- 6812015
TI  - Effects of severe arterial hypocapnia on regional blood flow regulation, tissue
      PO2 and metabolism in the brain cortex of cats.
AB  - The effect of a stepwise decrease in PaCO2 from 3.9-1.6 kPa on rCBF, rCMRO2,
      tissue PO2 and concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, AMP and
      phosphocreatine in the brain cortex was studied in cats lightly anaesthetized
      with sodium pentobarbital. 1. Moderate lowering of PaCO2 to 2.5 kPa induced in
      all animals a homogeneous decrease of rCBF in corresponding areas of the right
      and left hemisphere. Mean rCBF fell from 129.2 to 103.1 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1,
      while rCMRO2 remained unchanged (12.7-12.9 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). The tissue PO2
      frequency histograms showed a shift to lower values without indicating the
      presence of brain tissue hypoxia. 2. Severe arterial hypocapnia (PaCO2 = 1.6 kPa)
      caused an inhomogeneous blood flow reaction. Both further decreased as well as
      increased rCBF values were measured simultaneously in the brain cortex of
      individual animals (mean rCBF = 97.6 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). At the same time
      tissue PO2 measurements and metabolite assays indicated the presence of
      pronounced brain tissue hypoxia. The tissue concentrations of lactate and
      pyruvate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio were significantly increased, while the
      phosphocreatine concentration was significantly reduced. In addition, rCMRO2
      decreased to 11.3 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1. The results provide conclusive evidence
      that severe arterial hypocapnia leads to an insufficient O2 supply of the brain
      cortex, which in turn seems to counteract the influence of hypocapnia on cortical
      blood flow regulation.

PMID- 6812017
TI  - Ionophore A23187 can mimick the changes in membrane permeability that occur
      during acetylcholine-stimulation of pancreatic acinar secretion.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) released from vagal terminals increases the permeability of
      the pancreatic acinar membrane to Na+ and Ca2+ ions. In this report, we compare
      the induced changes in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ electrode potentials (ENa and
      ECa) due to ACh-stimulation of acini with those observed during stimulation with
      the calcium ionophore, A23187, which mimicks the action of ACh on pancreatic
      secretion. Stimulation with ACh concentrations varying from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M
      and with A23187 concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M caused parallel increases
      in cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ ([Ca]i, [Na]i). The magnitude of the increases in [Ca]i
      and [Na]i due to A23187-stimulation further indicate that when presented with a
      calcium challenge the acinar cells continue to regulate [Ca]i close to
      physiological levels and suggest that the observed increases in ionized calcium
      could reflect much larger increases in complexed Ca2+. ACh-stimulation following
      removal of either extracellular Na+ or Ca2+ ions, eliminated the intracellular
      increases found when the removed ions is present, but did not affect the
      increases usually found with the other ion. The independence of the permeability
      changes to either the presence of Ca2+ or Na+ indicates the ACh-induced currents
      carried by Na+ and Ca2+ are also independent. The selective translocation of Na+
      and Ca2+ during acetylcholine-stimulation in a manner analogous to the changes
      observed when ionophore A23187 was used as stimulus, indicates the ability of the
      activated acinar membrane to function as an ionophore.

PMID- 6812019
TI  - Cost-effective management in schools of nursing.

PMID- 6812018
TI  - Effect of H+ and elevated PCO2 on membrane electrical properties of rat cerebral
      arteries.
AB  - Some membrane electrical properties of muscle cells from the middle cerebral
      artery of the rat were recorded with intracellular microelectrodes. The resting
      membrane potential (Em) of this preparation was -63 mV. Reduction of
      extracellular pH to 7.0 in the face of a constant PCO2 of 40 mm Hg had no
      significant effect on Em. Similarly the slope of the steady-state voltage/current
      curves was not different at pH 7.0 compared to control at pH 7.4. In marked
      contrast, when PCO2 was elevated to around 60 to 70 mm Hg there was a rapid
      hyperpolarization and reduction in the slope of the voltage current curve
      suggesting an increased conductance for one or more ionic species. In addition
      elevation of PCO2 increased the slope of the Em vs. log[K]0 curve from 46
      mV/decade to 59 mV/decade which is in good agreement with a Nernstian potential
      for a K+ selective membrane. These data suggest that while the smooth muscle
      cells of rat cerebral arteries are relatively insensitive to a small reduction in
      extracellular pH; reduction of intracellular pH by elevating PCO2 induces
      hyperpolarization by increasing K+ conductance (gk). However, it is not clear
      from these experiments if the PCO2 effects are mediated entirely by changes in pH
      or if there is a direct membrane action of CO2.

PMID- 6812020
TI  - Principles of cost-effective management of educational programs.

PMID- 6812021
TI  - Implementing cost-effective management in schools of nursing.

PMID- 6812022
TI  - Cost-effective management: its implications for schools of nursing.

PMID- 6812023
TI  - Periodicity in the length of 3'-poly(A) tails from native globin mRNA of rabbit.
AB  - Globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes was labelled at the 3'-end with [5'-32P]pCp
      by T4 RNA ligase. The 3'-poly(A) tail was released by digestion of mRNA with T1
      ribonuclease and its size distribution determined by gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography. The length of the 3'-poly(A) tails varied from about 15-150
      residues, but the size distribution exhibited peaks in the abundance of poly(A)
      species at intervals of approx. 25 residues. This periodicity appears to reflect
      the manner in which proteins bind to the 3'-poly(A) tail. The function of such
      regular interactions may be to control mRNA breakdown in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6812024
TI  - In vitro conversion of MVM parvovirus single-stranded DNA to the replicative form
      by DNA polymerase alpha from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.
AB  - A partially purified preparation of DNA polymerase alpha, obtained from the
      cytosol of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, has been found to catalyze the
      conversion of MVM parvovirus, SS DNA (5 kilobases) to RF in vitro. The reaction
      initiates at a natural 55 base pair hairpin which exists at the 3' terminus of
      MVM SS DNA. The SS leads to RF conversion is sensitive to aphidicolin, resistant
      to ddTTP and is promoted by purine ribonucleoside 5' triphosphates, a phenomenon
      which could not be explained simply by stabilization effects on the in vitro
      deoxynucleotide precursor pool. In the absence of rNTPs, nascent complementary
      strands frequently terminate prematurely at a preferred location, between 1300
      and 1700 nucleotides from the initiating 3' hairpin terminus. This in vitro
      system, involving self-primed parvovirus DNA synthesis, provides a convenient
      assay for those components of the mammalian replicative DNA polymerase complex
      which are required for the elongation of nascent DNA chains.

PMID- 6812027
TI  - [Current concepts on the occurrence of bacilli visible during bacteriostatic
      studies but not growing in cultures in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6812025
TI  - Alignment of nucleosomes along DNA and organization of spacer DNA in Drosophila
      chromatin.
AB  - A series of mono- and dinucleosomal DNAs characterized by an about ten-base
      periodicity in the size were revealed in the micrococcal nuclease digests of
      Drosophila chromatin which have 180 +/- 5 base pair (bp) nucleosomal repeat. 20,
      30, and 40 bp spacers were found to be predominant in chromatin by trimming DNA
      in dinucleosomes to the core position. Among several identified mononucleosomes
      (MN), MN170, MN180 and MN190 were isolated from different sources (the figures
      indicate the DNA length in bp). The presence of the 10, 20, and 30 bp long
      spacers was shown in these mononucleosomes by crosslinking experiments. The
      interaction of histone H3 with the spacer in the Drosophila MN180 particle was
      also shown by the crosslinking /5/. We conclude from these results that the 10 n
      bp long intercore DNA (n = 2, 3 and 4) is organized by histone H3, in particular,
      and together with the core DNA forms a continuous superhelix. Taken together,
      these data suggest that Drosophila chromatin consists of the regularly aligned
      and tightly packed MN180, as a repeating unit, containing 10 and 20 bp spacers at
      the ends of 180 bp DNA. Within the asymmetric and randomly oriented in chromatin
      MN180, the cores occupy two alternative positions spaced by 10 bp.

PMID- 6812026
TI  - Design and characterization of N2-arylaminopurines which selectively inhibit
      replicative DNA synthesis and replication-specific DNA polymerases: guanine
      derivatives active on mammalian DNA polymerase alpha and bacterial DNA polymerase
      III.
AB  - The 2-amino substituted derivatives of guanine, N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)guanine
      (BuPG) and N2-(3',4'-trimethylenephenyl) guanine (TMPG), were synthesized and
      found to selectively inhibit, respectively, HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha (po1
      alpha) and B. subtilis DNA polymerase III (po1 III). Both purines, like their
      corresponding uracil analogs, BuAu and TMAU (2,9), were specifically competitive
      with dGTP in their inhibitory action on their target polymerases. BuPG, the pol
      alpha-specific purine, was also toxic for HeLa cells in vivo, selectively
      inhibiting DNA synthesis. These N2-substituted purines, in contrast to the 6
      substituted uracils, provide a structural basis for the synthesis of nucleosides
      and nucleotides with considerable potential as probes for the analysis of the
      structure of specific replicative DNA polymerases and their function in cellular
      DNA metabolism.

PMID- 6812028
TI  - Inhibition by specific antibodies of the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 in
      bacteria.
AB  - Two anti-aflatoxin B1 antisera, antiserum 'O' and antiserum 'C', were raised
      against conjugates in which the bovine serum albumin protein carrier was coupled
      to aflatoxin B1 derivatives at carbon 1 or 8. Their action was investigated in
      Salmonella thyphimurium assays using a fortified 9000 x g supernatant (S9) of rat
      liver homogenate or using rat hepatocytes as the metabolic activation system. In
      all cases, a substantial reduction in mutagenicity was observed: the mutagenicity
      caused by 12.5 ng aflatoxin B1 was inhibited by 50% with 2 microliters of
      antiserum 'O' and with 12 microliters of antiserum 'C' when activation was
      catalysed by rat liver supernatant; the mutagenicity of 3.31 micrograms aflatoxin
      B1 was inhibited by 50% with 25 microliters of antiserum 'O' in experiments using
      hepatocytes as the metabolic activation system. Several lines of evidence
      indicate that the inhibition is caused by specific antibodies. The molar ratios
      of aflatoxin B2 or aflatoxin G2 to aflatoxin B1 required to reduce by 50% the
      effect of antisera on aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity were 2.9-76-fold higher than
      those required to reduce by 50% the tracer antibody binding in radioimmunoassay.
      Possible mechanisms by which anti-aflatoxin B1 antisera inhibit aflatoxin B1
      mutagenicity are discussed.

PMID- 6812029
TI  - Neuropeptides in the median eminence: their sources and destinations.
AB  - By radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques, 14 neuropeptides have been
      measured and localized in the rat median eminence. Neuropeptides with inhibitory
      or stimulatory effects on the anterior pituitary hormones as well as posterior
      pituitary hormones are present in the median eminence in the highest
      concentrations of the central nervous system. All these peptides (LH-RH, TRH,
      somatostatin, CRF, vasopressin, oxytocin) are of preoptic or hypothalamic origin
      and they are transported to the median eminence by loop-like fiber systems
      through the lateral retrochiasmatic area. Within the median eminence, the
      pericapillary space constitutes the main common pathway. Three major transport
      routes--axons, vessels, liquor spaces--are separated from each others by only
      basement membranes, which allow free communications downwards to the pituitary
      but also backwards to the central nervous system.

PMID- 6812030
TI  - Bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in brain and peripheral
      nervous system: coexistence with catecholaminergic nerves.
AB  - The rat central and peripheral nervous system contains a widespread distribution
      of BPP-like immunoreactive neurons. Some of these neurons coexist with a
      catecholamine, probably mostly NE. This peptide appears to be releaseable by
      nerve stimulation. Catecholamine releasing agents such as reserpine do not appear
      to deplete the BPP. This extensive distribution and unique coexistence of a
      peptide with peripheral sympathetic nerves suggests a neuromodulatory role of BPP
      in autonomic functions.

PMID- 6812031
TI  - Distribution and metabolism of cyclo (His-Pro): a new member of the neuropeptide
      family.
AB  - Cyclo (His-Pro) is a biologically active cyclic dipeptide derived from
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone by its limited proteolysis. We have developed a
      specific radioimmunoassay for this cyclic peptide and shown its presence
      throughout rat and monkey brains. The normal rat brain concentration of cyclo
      (His-Pro) ranged from 35-61 pmols/brain. The elution profiles of rat brain cyclo
      (His-Pro)-like immunoreactivity and synthetic radioactive cyclo (His-Pro)
      following gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and high pressure liquid
      chromatography were similar. An analysis of the regional distribution of cyclo
      (His-Pro) and TRH in rat and monkey brains exhibited no apparent precursor
      product relationship. The possible additional factors determining regional
      differences in the endogenous cyclo (His-Pro) concentrations are discussed. The
      endogenous levels of brain cyclo (His-Pro) were elevated when rats were made
      either hypothyroid by surgical thyroidectomy or forced to drink alcohol for six
      weeks. These studies demonstrate that cyclo (His-Pro) is present throughout the
      central nervous system in physiologically relevant concentrations which can be
      modulated by appropriate physiological and pharmacological manipulations. These
      data in conjunction with earlier reports of multiple biological activities of
      exogenous cyclo (His-Pro), suggest that endogenous cyclo (His-Pro) is a
      biologically active peptide and it may play a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator
      role in the central nervous system.

PMID- 6812033
TI  - Bacterial food poisoning: what to do if prevention fails.
AB  - The numerous etiologies of food poisoning make assessment of this disease a
      cultural, bacteriologic, chemical, gastronomic, and epidemiologic research
      project. Cautious investigation and study of etiologic possibilities are most
      stimulating intellectual exercises and obviously benefit the patient. Often, a
      case of food poisoning necessitates interaction with the local health department
      in search of the causative agent before other people are afflicted. A thorough
      knowledge of this field is essential to provide reasonable care to the millions
      "poisoned" by food annually.

PMID- 6812032
TI  - Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) and the
      effect of the ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - The R3327MAT-Lu tumor is a rapidly growing anaplastic derivative of the Dunning
      R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma. We have found the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)
      activity of this tumor to be as sensitive to inhibition by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as normal rat prostate. The same was true for all
      the other R3327 tumor derivatives we studied. The in vivo inhibition of ODC by
      DFMO allowed increased uptake of exogenously administered putrescine by the
      R3327AT tumor. Further, DFMO was inhibitory to the growth of the R3327MAT-Lu both
      in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6812034
TI  - Lower extremity ischemia due to combined drug therapy for migraine.
AB  - Three days after initiation of migraine headache therapy with ergotamine tartrate
      and propranolol, severe acute arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities
      developed in a 48-year-old woman who had been in general good health. Angiography
      revealed hypoplastic aortoiliac arteries, with tubular narrowing of the leg
      arteries. Lower extremity blood pressures rapidly returned to normal with a
      single intraarterial injection of 25 mg of tolazoline. Cases of peripheral
      ischemia due to either ergotamine or propranolol have been reported. Combined use
      of these two drugs may enhance the risk of acute arterial compromise.

PMID- 6812035
TI  - Biliary scintigraphy: comparison with other modern techniques for evaluation of
      biliary tract disease.
AB  - The recent availability of iminodiacetic acid analogues labeled with technetium
      Tc 99m provides a safe and accurate noninvasive test of biliary function. Biliary
      scintigraphy is a simple and rapid method of detecting acute cholecystitis in
      particular but also of distinguishing acute biliary pancreatitis from nonbiliary
      pancreatitis, of evaluating the patency of the common duct in early obstruction,
      of assessing possible postcholecystectomy syndrome, of evaluating the patency of
      a biliary enteric bypass, and of detecting postoperative biliary leaks.

PMID- 6812036
TI  - Early onset life-threatening myelosuppression after low dose of intravesical
      thiotepa.

PMID- 6812037
TI  - Intestinal vasculitis and lithium carbonate-associated diarrhoea.

PMID- 6812038
TI  - [Determination of beta-mannanase activity by viscosimetric and spectrophotometric
      methods].
AB  - The activity of beta-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis was measured
      viscosimetrically and spectrophotometrically. As substrate galactomannane of
      Ceratonia siliqua was used. Relationships between the beta-mannanase activity and
      the substrate concentration as well as the enzyme content were investigated. The
      kinetic parameters of the enzymes obeying the Michaelis-Menten equation were
      calculated. It was found viscosimetrically that Vmax of the commercial enzyme
      preparation was 1.4 mucat/g (at pH 5.8 and 40 degrees) and Km was 0.6 mM. The
      viscosimetric method shows high sensitivity, whereas the spectrophotometric
      technique suits mass-scale analyses.

PMID- 6812039
TI  - [Comparative analysis in assessing the thyroliberin test in thyroid function
      disorders].
AB  - The thyroliberine test was performed in 128 subjects with euthyroidism,
      thyrotoxicosis and initial hypothyrosis, using a "Hoechst" (FRG) drug in a dose
      of 200 micrograms, injected intravenously before and 30 minutes after
      thyroliberine administration, followed by radioimmunoassay of thyreotropic
      hormone. The test results were evaluated according to the difference and ratio of
      stimulated basal thyrotropin levels. Distribution of random errors of these
      findings was studied. Examination of a statistical hypothesis on the normal law
      of propagation of errors was realized according to the X2 criterion. It was
      detected that the introduction of a new index for the test evaluation is of
      interest, i.e. logarithm of ratio between stimulated and basal thyrotropin
      levels, which was the best one in the thyroid function increase. In initial
      hypothyrosis the use of the difference between stimulated and basal thyrotropin
      levels is more informative.

PMID- 6812040
TI  - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonad system function in boys with an abnormal puberty
      syndrome].
AB  - The blood basal testosterone-, LH-, FSH levels, 17-CS and 17-HOCS excretion with
      the urine, circadian rhythms of testosterone-, LH- and FSH secretion were studied
      in 21 boys, aged 11 to 13 years, with abnormal puberty, manifesting in pronounced
      sexual hirsutism in the presence of infantile testicles. Functional tests, using
      chorionic gonadotropin, clomiphene citrate and spironolactone, were performed, as
      well. The blood level of testosterone and the change in its circadian secretion
      were markedly reduced in all the subjects under examination. 17-CS excretion with
      the urine was within normal, whereas that of 17-HOCS was increased, indicating
      the intensified adrenal functional activity. The study of the blood gonadotropic
      hormone basal level and circadian rhythms, as well as of the hypophyseal
      functional reserves revealed diverse changes in LH and FSH production, i.e. a
      high activity of the hypophyseal LH function and low FSH secretion were noted.
      The pathogenetic mechanisms of disturbed maturation in abnormal puberty are
      discussed.

PMID- 6812041
TI  - [Use of maninil in diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 6812042
TI  - [Use of Na2 EDTA as a blood stabilizer in an automated study on "Grupamatik"
      system equipment].

PMID- 6812043
TI  - [Determination of individual blood serum proteins in tuberculosis by radial
      immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry methods].

PMID- 6812044
TI  - Purification of the cdc8 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by complementation
      in an aphidicolin-sensitive in vitro DNA replication system.
AB  - DNA synthesis in vitro in Brij-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the
      product of the CDC8 gene (Hereford, L. M. & Hartwell, L. H. (1971) Nature
      (London) New Biol. 234, 171-172). Extracts of wild-type A364a yeast restore DNA
      synthesis in Brij-treated cdc8, a mutant containing a thermolabile cdc8 gene
      product. This constitutes a complementation assay by which the cdc8 gene product
      can be monitored during purification. A heat-stable protein responsible for this
      complementation has been partially purified from both wild-type A364a cells and
      from a cdc8 temperature-sensitive mutant. The complementation activity from the
      mutant is thermolabile when compared to the wild-type activity, indicating that
      CDC8 is the structural gene for the protein.

PMID- 6812045
TI  - Identification of a suppressor sequence for DNA replication in the replication
      origin region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
AB  - The first replicating fragment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome, B7, inhibited
      the replication of the plasmid that carried this fragment. In earlier work using
      sequential cleavage by Alu I, the suppressor function was located within a 489
      base-pair segment. The nucleotide sequence of the entire segment now has been
      determined. The sequence is characterized by two promoter-like structures and
      several putative recognition sequences, such as termination signals, 2-fold
      symmetries, inverted repeats, and repeats. By means of sequential cleavage with
      exonuclease BAL-31, the essential region for suppression was located in a 200
      base-pair region that contains the two promoters with the same orientation.
      Specific transcription was produced in vitro by using B. subtilis or Escherichia
      coli RNA polymerases. The transcription was mostly from the second promoter.
      Elimination of the -35 region of the second promoter dramatically affected both
      inhibitory activity and in vitro transcription, suggesting that the
      transcriptional activity of the second promoter is involved in the cis-inhibition
      of DNA replication. The significance of the suppressor sequence in the region of
      the replication origin of the B. subtilis chromosome is discussed.

PMID- 6812046
TI  - Immunological method for mapping genes on Drosophila polytene chromosomes.
AB  - A method is described for localizing DNA sequences hybridized in situ to
      Drosophila polytene chromosomes. This procedure utilizes a biotin-labeled analog
      of TTP that can be incorporated enzymatically into DNA probes by nick
      translation. After hybridization in situ, the biotin molecules in the probe serve
      as antigens which bind affinity-purified rabbit antibiotin antibodies. The site
      of hybridization is then detected either fluorimetrically, by using fluorescein
      labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, or cytochemically, by using an anti-rabbit IgG
      antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. When combined with Giemsa
      staining, the immunoperoxidase detection method provides a permanent record that
      is suitable for detailed cytogenetic analysis. This immunological approach offers
      four advantages over conventional autoradiographic procedures for detecting in
      situ hybrids: (i) the time required to determine the site of hybridization is
      decreased markedly, (ii) biotin-labeled probes are chemically stable and give
      reproducible results for many months; (iii) biotin-labeled probes appear to
      produce less background noise than do radiolabeled probes; and (iv) the resolving
      power is equal to and often greater than that achieved autoradiographically.

PMID- 6812047
TI  - BASILEA rabbits express two types of immunoglobulin light chains: lambda and
      kappa-like.
AB  - In the variant rabbit strain BASILEA, immunoglobulin G were shown to contain two
      distinct populations of IgG molecules whose light (L) chains belonged to the
      known lambda isotype and to a new kappa-like type. These two L chains differed
      from each other by electrophoretic, chemical, and antigenic properties. The kappa
      like L chain fraction showed (i) an acid-labile Asp-Pro bond at the end of the
      joining region and (ii) a tryptic peptide, whose amino acid sequence of the NH2
      terminal 15 residues was identical to the homologous constant (C) region sequence
      of b9 kappa chain with the exception of the residue in position 70, which is
      asparagine in the kappa-like chain instead of the characteristic half-cystine
      residue in all L chains of kappa B type expressing b4, b5, b6, or b9 allotypes.
      The data suggest that the kappa-like L chain component does not contain the C
      region half-cystine residue involved in the formation of the extra variable (V)
      region-C region disulfide bridge in L chains of the kappa B [Rejnek, J., Appella,
      E., Mage, R. G. & Reisfeld, R. A. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 2712-2718]. The partial
      NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the C region of the kappa-like L chain was
      shown to be markedly different from b4, b6, or b9 region sequences and from
      rabbit lambda C region sequence. Taken together, the chemical data suggest that
      the kappa bas component represents a new subtype of kappa chain. A rabbit
      alloantiserum made against bas IgG and adsorbed with IgG fractions showing b4,
      b5, b6, b95, and b96 L chain allotypes appeared to be directed against the kappa
      like L chain component of BASILEA IgG exclusively. All BASILEA animals expressed
      IgG molecules containing kappa-like chains; in contrast, IgG molecules derived
      from the standard domestic rabbit did not react with this antiserum.

PMID- 6812048
TI  - Organization and evolution of immunoglobulin VH gene subgroups.
AB  - The organization and evolution of immunoglobulin variable region genes was
      studied by comparing human and mouse heavy chain variable region (VH) genes. We
      show that a VH gene subgroup constitutes a physically linked multigene family
      separated from another VH subgroup. We mapped the VHIII gene subgroup to be 3' to
      the VHII gene subgroup based on deletion of VH genes after V-D-J rearrangement.
      The results indicate that the human VHIII gene subgroup underwent a significant
      gene expansion as compared to the mouse VHIII subgroup. Amino acid sequence data
      indicate that human VHIII genes correspond to only a small subset of mouse VHIII
      genes. Human VHIII genes contain a shorter intron and are two codons shorter than
      most BALB/c mouse VHIII genes. The nature of nucleotide substitutions between VH
      genes within a species (human) is similar to that between genes of different
      species (human/mouse). Both contain approximately 50% silent substitutions.

PMID- 6812049
TI  - Molecular defect in combined beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase deficiency in
      man.
AB  - In normal human fibroblasts, an enzymically active 85,000-dalton precursor form
      of beta-galactosidase is processed, via a number of intermediates, into a mature
      64,000-dalton form. In addition there is an enzymically inactive 32,000-dalton
      component and its 54,000-dalton precursor. In fibroblasts from patients with a
      combined deficiency of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase these last two
      components are absent and hardly any mature beta-galactosidase can be
      demonstrated. Nevertheless, in the mutant fibroblasts, precursor beta
      galactosidase is synthesized and processed normally. The excessive intralysosomal
      degradation that is responsible for the deficiency of mature beta-galactosidase
      can be partially corrected by addition of the protease inhibitor leupeptin, which
      results in the accumulation of 85,000-dalton precursor beta-galactosidase and of
      a partially processed 66,000-dalton form. When mutant cells were grown in the
      presence of a "corrective factor" purified from the medium of NH4Cl-stimulated
      cell cultures, both beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase activities were restored
      to low control levels. The immunoprecipitation pattern was completely normal
      after addition of the corrective factor, and mature 64,000-dalton beta
      galactosidase accumulated in the mutant fibroblasts. We propose that the combined
      beta-galactosidase/neuraminidase deficiency is caused by a defective 32,000
      dalton glycoprotein which is normally required to protect beta-galactosidase and
      neuraminidase against excessive intralysosomal degradation and to give these
      enzymes their full hydrolytic activity.

PMID- 6812050
TI  - endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F: endoglycosidase from Flavobacterium
      meningosepticum that cleaves both high-mannose and complex glycoproteins.
AB  - We have detected an endoglycosidase activity produced by Flavobacterium
      meningosepticum. This enzyme, named endo F, cleaves glycans of both the high
      mannose and the complex type linked through asparagine to the protein backbone.
      The data indicate that cleavage occurs via hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of
      the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose core structure adjacent to asparagine, similar to
      that due to endo H and endo D. Extreme variability was noted in the availability
      of this cleavage site among N-linked glycoproteins. Glycoproteins of retrovirus,
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Pichinde virus, and HLA-A and -B antigens
      were readily cleaved in the presence of nonionic detergent. Others, such as
      ovalbumin, fetuin, bromelain, ovomucoid, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein,
      immunoglobulin G, and influenza virus hemagglutinin became susceptible only after
      reduction and alkylation or when cleavage was performed in the presence of 1% 2
      mercaptoethanol. Endo F should prove useful in the study of glycans and protein
      backbones as discrete entities and for defining the nature of the glycan-protein
      interface.

PMID- 6812051
TI  - Correlations between the activities of DNA polymerase alpha and the
      glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - Specific inhibitors and anti-DNA polymerase alpha IgG have been utilized to probe
      for similarities between cytoplasmic rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptors and DNA
      polymerase alpha [DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed), EC 2.7.7.7].
      Rifamycin AF/013, an inhibitor of RNA and DNA polymerase activities,
      significantly inhibited the binding of activated [6,7-3H]-triamcinolone acetonide
      (TA) receptor complexes to DNA-cellulose. beta-Lapachone, an inhibitor of DNA
      polymerase alpha and reverse transcriptase activities, inhibited the specific
      binding of [6,7-3H]TA when preincubated with unbound receptors. Aphidicolin,
      another DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor, failed to inhibit any of the
      glucocorticoid-receptor functions tested. Two specific anti-DNA polymerase alpha
      IgGs interfered with glucocorticoid receptor functions as measured by their
      ability to inhibit the binding of [6,7-3H]TA to unbound receptors (85% maximal
      inhibition) and, to a lesser extent, to inhibit the binding of activated [6,7
      3H]TA receptor complexes to DNA-cellulose (50% maximal inhibition). The anti-DNA
      polymerase alpha IgG and beta-lapachone failed to affect the binding of tritiated
      estradiol, progesterone, or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to their receptors in
      appropriate rat target tissues or the binding of [1,2-3H]hydrocortisone to serum
      transcortin. The most obvious interpretation of these data is that cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptors and DNA polymerase alpha share antigenic determinants.
      An alternative interpretation is that the polyclonal anti-DNA polymerase alpha
      antibody contains IgG molecules raised against calf thymus cytoplasmic activated
      glucocorticoid-receptor complexes that copurified with DNA polymerase alpha used
      as the antigen. Taken collectively, however, the antibody and inhibitor data
      suggest a relationship between DNA polymerase alpha and the glucocorticoid
      receptor.

PMID- 6812052
TI  - Synthesis by the DNA primase of Drosophila melanogaster of a primer with a unique
      chain length.
AB  - The primase associated with the DNA polymerase alpha from embryos of Drosophila
      melanogaster catalyzes the synthesis of ribo-oligonucleotide primers on single
      stranded M13 DNA or polydeoxythymidylate templates, which can be elongated by DNA
      polymerase action [Conaway, R. C. & Lehman, I. R. (1982) Proc, Natl. Acad. Sci,
      USA 79, 2523--2527]. The primers synthesized in a coupled primase-DNA polymerase
      alpha reaction with an M13 DNA template are of a unique size (15 residues); those
      synthesized with poly(dT) range from 8 to 15 nucleotides. Primer synthesis is
      initiated at multiple but nonrandom sites. Like the DNA primase of Escherichia
      coli and the comparable activity in intact nuclei of polyoma-infected mouse
      cells, the DNA primase of D. melanogaster can substitute deoxynucleotides for
      ribonucleotides during primer synthesis.

PMID- 6812053
TI  - Evolution of mouse immunoglobulin lambda genes.
AB  - The mouse has four C lambda and two V lambda genes. We have isolated Charon 4A
      clones that contain all six lambda genes from a BALB/c germ-line library. We
      present here the DNA sequences of the C lambda 2, C lambda 3, and C lambda 4
      genes and also correct what are apparently errors in previous reports of C lambda
      1 protein and DNA sequences. In addition, we have analyzed cloned DNAs by
      restriction mapping and electron microscopy to determine the relationships among
      the various lambda genes. By heteroduplex analysis, two gene clusters containing
      JC lambda 3--JC lambda 1 and JC lambda 2--JC lambda 4 show homology extending
      from the J regions 5' of C lambda 3/C lambda 2 to just 3' of C lambda 1/C lambda
      4. Other than the region between the genes, very little homology exists in the C
      lambda flanking regions. In contrast, V lambda 1 and V lambda 2 genes show
      considerable homology extending into the 5' flanking regions. Large inverted
      repeats are found in the 5' flanking regions of V lambda 1 and C lambda 3, as
      well as in the 3' flanking regions of both C lambda gene clusters. DNA sequence
      divergences between the C lambda genes indicate that an ancestral JC lambda x--JC
      lambda g gene cluster arose at about the time of the first mammals by duplication
      of a primordial JC lambda gene. The data further suggest that the JC lambda x--JC
      lambda gene cluster duplicated after the speciation of mouse and man and
      subsequently diverged into the present day JC lambda 3--JC lambda 1 and JC lambda
      2--JC lambda 4 gene clusters. C lambda 4, a pseudogene, became inactive at about
      the time of duplication of the ancestral JC lambda x--JC lambda y cluster.
      Comparison of DNA sequence divergence between the V lambda 1 and V lambda 2 genes
      demonstrates an anomaly. The percentage of amino acid replacement changes is
      approximately the same for V lambda 1/V lambda 2 as for C lambda 3/C lambda 2,
      implying that the ancestral V lambda gene was duplicated at the same time, and
      possibly together with, the JC lambda x--JC lambda y cluster. However, there are
      fewer silent changes than amino acid replacement changes between the V lambda 1/V
      lambda 2 genes, suggesting either that a selective pressure acted on the silent
      sites or that V lambda genes have only recently been duplicated. We also consider
      the possibility of a gene conversion event subsequent ot a more ancient
      duplication.

PMID- 6812054
TI  - Mediators from cloned T helper cell lines affect immunoglobulin expression by B
      cells.
AB  - When cloned T helper cells encounter antigen presented by I-A-compatible
      macrophages, soluble mediators are produced that affect the differentiation and
      activation of normal B lymphocytes and cell lines of the B lineage. Exposure to
      such T cell culture supernatants causes two effects in the murine 70Z/3 cell
      line, which represents a pre-B stage of differentiation. These cells begin to
      synthesize Ig light chains and gain membrane Ig that is detectable by
      immunofluorescence. Two other effects are seen after similar treatment of the
      WEHI-279.1 murine cell line, which represents a mature, Ig+ B cell. These cells
      shift the ratio of mu chains produced from mostly membrane to mostly secretory
      type and begin to secrete large amounts of IgM, which can be detected either by
      biosynthetic radiolabeling followed by immunoprecipitation or by a staphylococcal
      protein A plaque assay. The majority also die. Similar to WEHI-279.1, normal
      small resting B cells also show the shift from membrane mu to secretory mu and
      are activated to Ig secretion after exposure to these supernatants. These results
      show that products from T cell immune reactions exert multiple effects on B cell
      development and activation, at several stages of teh B cell developmental
      pathway. The observed change range from nuclear processes, including gene
      transcription and RNA splicing, to such post-translational aspects as protein
      processing, catabolism, membrane architecture, and cell survival.

PMID- 6812055
TI  - Amino acid sequence of mouse submaxillary gland renin.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequences of the heavy chain and light chain of mouse
      submaxillary gland renin have been determined. The heavy chain consists of 288
      amino acid residues having a Mr of 31,036 calculated from the sequence. The light
      chain contains 48 amino acid residues with a Mr of 5,458. The sequence of the
      heavy chain was determined by automated Edman degradations of the cyanogen
      bromide peptides and tryptic peptides generated after citraconylation, as well as
      other peptides generated therefrom. The sequence of the light chain was derived
      from sequence analyses of the peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage or
      by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease. The sequences in the active
      site regions in renin containing two catalytically essential aspartyl residues 32
      and 215 were found identical with those in pepsin, chymosin, and penicillopepsin.
      Comparison of the amino acid sequence of renin with that of porcine pepsin
      indicated a 42% sequence identity of the heavy chain with the amino-terminal and
      middle regions and a 46% identity of the light chain with the carboxyl-terminal
      region of the porcine pepsin sequence. Residues identical in renin and pepsin are
      distributed throughout the length of the molecules, suggesting a similarity in
      their overall structures.

PMID- 6812056
TI  - Modulation of mRNA for microtubule-associated proteins during brain development.
AB  - The heterogeneity of tau microtubule-associated proteins from rat brain is
      developmentally determined. Newborn rat brain contains two tau polypeptides (tau
      0) with somewhat different molecular weights than the five tau components
      associated with microtubules from 12-day-old brain (tau 12). tau 0 and tau 12 are
      immunologically related and crossreact with antibodies against tau 12 proteins.
      Enrichment of the tau mRNA was achieved by prior hybridization of unfractionated
      poly(A)-containing mRNA to cDNA preparations containing tubulin and actin
      sequences. The remaining unhybridized mRNA was further fractionated by
      electrophoresis on methylmercury hydroxide agarose gels. Experiments involving
      cell-free translation of mRNA indicated that the major differences in the
      composition of tau proteins from newborn and developing brain are controlled at
      the mRNA level. The mRNA from newborn rat brain directed the synthesis of five
      tau proteins, two of which are specific for newborn brain, whereas the other
      three forms are characteristic of the developing brain. Thus, the appearance in
      newborn brain of mRNA species specific for three tau 12 forms precedes the phase
      of the synthesis of these proteins in the cell. By contrast, mRNA from 12-day
      brain directed the synthesis of four tau proteins specific for the developing
      brain, one of which is not synthesized by mRNA from newborn brain. None of the
      newborn tau 0 forms were synthesized with mRNA isolated from 12-day brain.

PMID- 6812057
TI  - Kinetic model for surface-active enzymes based on the Langmuir adsorption
      isotherm: phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) activity toward dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine/detergent micelles.
AB  - A simple kinetic model for the enzymatic activity of surface-active proteins
      against mixed micelles has been developed. This model uses the Langmuir
      adsorption isotherm, the classic equation for the binding of gas molecules to
      metal surfaces, to characterize enzyme adsorption to micelles. The number of
      available enzyme binding sites is equated with the number of substrate and
      inhibitor molecules attached to micelles; enzyme molecules are attracted to the
      micelle due to the affinity of the enzyme active site for the molecules in the
      micelle. Phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) kinetics in a wide variety of
      dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine/detergent micelles are readily explained by this
      model and the assumption of competitive binding of the detergent at the enzyme
      active site. Binding of phospholipase C to pure detergent micelles is
      demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography. The experimentally determined
      enzyme-detergent micelle binding constants are used directly in the rate
      equation. The Langmuir adsorption model predicts a variety of the characteristics
      observed for phospholipase kinetics, such as differential inhibition by various
      charged, uncharged, and zwitterionic detergents and surface-dilution inhibition.
      The essential idea of this model, that proteins can be attracted and bound to
      bilayers or micelles by possessing a binding site for the molecules composing the
      surface, may have wider application in the study of water-soluble (extrinsic)
      protein-membrane interactions.

PMID- 6812058
TI  - Localization of human immunoglobulin kappa light chain variable region genes to
      the short arm of chromosome 2 by in situ hybridization.
AB  - The genes for human immunoglobulin kappa light chains have been localized in
      normal lymphocyte and fibroblast chromosomes by in situ hybridization of probes
      from cloned DNA fragments of the kappa variable region locus. The localization
      was achieved by counting grains (after autoradiography) over chromosomes in a
      number of karyotypes. The variable region gene probes hybridized in a cluster on
      a region of the chromosome 2 short arm close to the centromere (2cen leads to
      p12). This location was confirmed in lymphocytes from a balanced translocation
      carrier 46XXt (2; 16) (q13; q22). Our results show that human kappa light chain
      genes are located in the region of the break point observed in specific
      chromosomal translocations associated with Burkitt lymphoma.

PMID- 6812059
TI  - Cooperative effects in water-biomolecule crystal systems.
AB  - Monte Carlo computer simulation techniques have been used to model non-pair
      additive (cooperative) effects in the water organization around several
      biomolecules. Although most models for water assume pair-additive potentials,
      both quantum mechanical calculations and experimental data indicate that
      cooperative effects are not negligible in hydrogen-bounded systems such as water.
      The many-body polarizable electropole (PE) model for water is used to examine the
      extent and the consequences of this cooperative behavior in several biomolecule
      hydrate crystals. Increases in the dipole moments of water molecules are
      predicted in all systems studied so far and can be as much as 50% more than the
      monomer value of 1.855 debyes. The average value of the individual dipole moments
      for any one system differs from that of another system and, therefore, should be
      considered a property of the system and not of the water molecule itself. When
      this previously calculated average value of the dipole moment for water molecules
      in a given system is used as a fixed parameter in the simulation, we find
      differences between this fixed calculation and the original unfixed simulation.
      An alternative procedure, which allows for a spread in dipole moments and is not
      dependent on a predetermined average value, has been developed to make
      simulations of large water-protein systems, including cooperative effects,
      computationally feasible.

PMID- 6812060
TI  - Fourteen nucleotides in the second complementarity-determining region of a human
      heavy-chain variable region gene are identical with a sequence in a human D
      minigene.
AB  - A sequence of 14 nucleotides in one human diversity (D) minigene (D2) is
      identical with a sequence in complementarity-determining region 2 (CDR2) of one
      human gene for the variable region of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin. The
      finding that nucleotide segments present in a D minigene can appear in CDR2
      raises the possibility that other minigene segments may be involved in the
      generation of antibody diversity and complementarity or that nucleotide segments
      may move from one CDR to another by a gene conversion mechanism.

PMID- 6812061
TI  - Lidocaine in the rat rostral hypothalamus: effect on arterial carbon dioxide.

PMID- 6812062
TI  - Effects of serotonin on reproductive hormone levels and testis morphology in
      adult male rats.

PMID- 6812063
TI  - Effects of storage, hemolysis, and freezing and thawing on concentrations of
      thyroxine, cortisol, and insulin in blood samples.

PMID- 6812064
TI  - Peptides in central regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 6812065
TI  - Inhibitory mediation of catecholamines for anticonvulsant activity of sodium
      valproate.

PMID- 6812066
TI  - Studies on the role of exogenous calcium in fertilization, activation and
      development of the sea urchin egg.
AB  - Both isotopic and microelectrode studies reveal a significant Ca2+ influx at
      fertilization. The role, if any, of this influx is disputed. An attempt to
      reevaluate contradictory findings by others on this role was made and the results
      with S. purpuratus and L. pictus eggs, using acrosome reacted sperm and EGTA-
      buffered media (free [Ca2+] less than 10(-11M), indicate that exogenous Ca2+, and
      hence the Ca2+ influx, is not required for fertilization, activation and
      subsequent cleavage. Blastomere adhesion, however, is affected. The contradictory
      findings by others may have resulted from reduced fertilizability in Ca2+-free
      seawater, which can be circumvented by higher sperm concentration and by a
      sensitivity to temperature in Ca2+-free medium, which can be bypassed by carrying
      out fertilization at lower temperatures. Under the assay conditions, there is
      also no effect of Ca2+-free media on the kinetics of the cortical reaction or
      polyspermy. The data support the hypothesis that sperm induce release of Ca2+
      from intracellular stores, perhaps by affecting an equilibrium between Ca2+
      sequestration and Ca2+ release.

PMID- 6812067
TI  - Comparison of endogenous lectins and glycosidases in wheat grains.

PMID- 6812068
TI  - Gonial cell neoplasm of genetic origin affecting both sexes of drosophila
      melanogaster.

PMID- 6812069
TI  - Differences in the adhesive properties of osteosarcoma-derived clonal variants;
      enhanced by protease treatment.

PMID- 6812071
TI  - Feline gangliosidoses as models of human lysosomal storage diseases.

PMID- 6812070
TI  - Animal models of mucopolysaccharidosis.

PMID- 6812072
TI  - Animal analogues of human inherited metabolic diseases: molecular pathology and
      therapeutic studies.

PMID- 6812073
TI  - Genetic regulation of erythrocyte purine nucleoside phosphorylase in mice.

PMID- 6812074
TI  - Chemical differentiation of the Gaucher subtypes.

PMID- 6812075
TI  - The beta-glucosidase isozymes and the enzymatic defect in Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6812077
TI  - Effectors of three beta-glucosidases from human liver.
AB  - 1. A third beta-glucosidase from human liver has been isolated using a mild (0.02
      0.10%) Triton X-100 extraction of the exhaustively washed high speed (200,000 X
      g, 30 min) particulate fraction, QAE-Sephadex and concanavalin A-Sepharose
      chromatography. This new beta-glucosidase, referred to as TX beta-glucosidase,
      possesses a distinctive set of chemical properties such that it is similar to
      both, glucocerebrosidase and cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase, but it is not
      identical to either enzyme. 2. The TX beta-glucosidase hydrolyzes
      glucocerebroside as well as the beta-D-glucose, beta-D-galactose, beta-D-fucose,
      beta-D-xylose and alpha-L-arabinose derivatives of 4-methylumbelliferone. Like
      the cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase, the TX beta-glucosidase is inhibited by bile
      salts, and unaffected by conduritol B epoxide and heat stable activator protein.
      3. All three beta-glucosidases were inhibited by N-hexylpsychosine, and all
      showed the same, mixed type inhibition kinetics, indicating a common hydrophobic
      binding site in all three enzymes. 4. The TX beta-glucosidase, which constitutes
      only a few percent of the total beta-glucosidase activity of human liver, is
      absent from liver from two cases of neurologic Gaucher disease and present in
      reduced amounts in a third case with CNS disease. Liver from a case of type 1
      Gaucher disease contained normal amounts of the TX beta-glucosidase.

PMID- 6812078
TI  - Multiple forms of human skin fibroblast beta-glucosidase and their activation by
      fibroblast monosialoglycosphingolipids.

PMID- 6812076
TI  - Studies on human acid beta-glucosidase and the nature of the molecular defect in
      type 1 Ashkenazi Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6812079
TI  - Qualitative characteristics of the beta-glucosidase isozymes.

PMID- 6812080
TI  - Comparative properties of the three groups of splenic beta-glucosidase molecular
      forms.

PMID- 6812081
TI  - Multiple forms of beta-glucosidase in Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6812082
TI  - Soluble and membranous neutral beta-glucosidases.
AB  - Three distinct forms of beta-glucosidase were separated by Bio-Gel P-150 gel
      filtration from the 105,000 x g supernatant of liver, placenta and fibroblasts
      extracted in the presence of Cutscum and sodium taurocholate. Glucosylceramide
      beta-glucosidase was mostly particulate (more than 80%), had an apparent
      molecular weight of about 67,000 and exhibited a pH optimum of 5.9 with the
      natural substrate, glucosylceramide, and a pH optimum of 4.2 with the artificial
      substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside. This enzyme form was deficient
      in tissue specimens from patients with Gaucher disease. A soluble form with
      neutral pH optimum (6.2) was found to occur in high levels in liver and placenta
      but was relatively low in skin fibroblasts. This beta-glucosidase form had an
      apparent molecular weight of about 42,000 and was normal in the Gaucher tissues
      examined. Another neutral beta-glucosidase was found in the membranous fraction,
      it had a molecular weight greater than 150,000, cleaved 4-methylumbelliferyl beta
      D-glucoside but not glucosylceramide, with an optimum pH of about 5.7. The
      membranous acidic and neutral forms could not be precipitated by antibodies to
      the soluble neutral beta-glucosidase. The three enzyme forms differed from one
      another by their heat inactivation profiles, the soluble neutral form was most
      labile, the membranous neutral form was most stable, and the acidic form with
      glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase activity had intermediate thermostability.

PMID- 6812083
TI  - A study of acid beta-glucosidase in a patient with Gaucher disease and leukemia.

PMID- 6812084
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity in type I Gaucher disease.
AB  - Electrophoresis of the beta-glucosidase isozymes from various normal human
      sources revealed that cultured fibroblasts expressed only the acid beta
      glucosidase isozyme. Therefore, selected physical and kinetic properties of the
      residual acid beta-glucosidase activities in fibroblasts from Gaucher Type 1
      homozygotes of various ethnic backgrounds were compared. The findings of
      different specific activities, thermostabilities, apparent Km values, and
      electrophoretic migrations of the residual activities from the ethnic variants
      provided the first biochemical evidence of genetic heterogeneity in Type 1
      Gaucher disease.

PMID- 6812085
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the gene for Gaucher disease.
AB  - The structural gene for human GBA has been assigned to chromosome 1 using somatic
      cell hybridization techniques for gene mapping. The human enzyme was detected in
      mouse RAG cell-human fibroblast cell hybrids by a sensitive double antibody
      immunoprecipitation assay using a mouse anti-human GBA antibody. No cross
      reactivity between mouse beta-glucosidase and human GBA or GBN was observed. For
      the initial assignment, fifty-two primary, secondary, and tertiary man-mouse
      hybrids lines, derived from three separate fusion experiments, were analyzed for
      human GBA and enzyme markers for the human chromosomes. Without exception, the
      presence of human GBA in these hybrid clones was correlated with the presence of
      human chromosome 1 or its enzymatic markers, PGM1 and FH. All other human
      chromosomes were eliminated by the independent segregation of GBA and their
      respective enzyme markers and/or chromosomes. Using a RAG-human fibroblast line
      with a mouse-human rearrangement of human chromosome 1, the locus for GBA was
      limited to the region 1p11 leads to 1qter. Further regional localization was
      obtained using subclones of hybrids derived from the fusion of a human fibroblast
      line, 46,XX,del(1)(pter leads to q42:), with mouse RAG fibroblasts. All hybrid
      subclones containing a normal chromosome 1 were positive for GBA. In contrast,
      subclones with a single deleted chromosome 1 were negative for GBA by
      immunoprecipitation and by the natural substrate assays. These results further
      localized the gene for GBA to the narrow region, 1q42 leads to 1qter.

PMID- 6812086
TI  - Homozygote and heterozygote identification.

PMID- 6812087
TI  - Gaucher type I  (Ashkenazi) disease: considerations for heterozygote detection
      and prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6812088
TI  - Heterozygote detection of type I Gaucher disease using blood platelets.

PMID- 6812089
TI  - The Gaucher mouse.

PMID- 6812090
TI  - Gaucher disease in the dog.

PMID- 6812091
TI  - Gaucher disease of the Norrbottnian type (type III). Phenotypic manifestations.

PMID- 6812092
TI  - Liposomes in Gaucher type I disease: use in enzyme therapy and the creation of an
      animal model.

PMID- 6812093
TI  - Ethanol-induced changes in the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6812094
TI  - The effect of aspirin pretreatment on the fate of arachidonic acid in hamster
      isolated lungs.
AB  - The fate of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in isolated perfused
      lungs from hamsters, which were pretreated with aspirin in drinking water (0, 5,
      50 or 500 mg/1) for one week. When 40 nmol of 14C-AA was infused in two minutes
      into the pulmonary circulation, the perfusion pressure increased. This pressor
      response was decreased by 50 mg/1 aspirin and was negligible after 500 mg/1. The
      amount of radioactivity was increased by aspirin pretreatment in the perfused
      lungs and decreased in the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent, which was
      collected for 6 minutes after the beginning of the AA infusion. The amount of
      unmetabolized free arachidonate was not changed significantly in the perfusion
      effluent or in the perfused lungs. The perfusion effluent was extracted with
      ethyl acetate first at pH 7.4 to extract unmetabolized AA, metabolites of
      lipoxygenase and HHT and then at pH 3.5 for prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The
      amounts of all arachidonate metabolites were decreased rather similarly by
      aspirin pretreatment. In the perfused lung tissue the amount of 14C-AA was
      increased by aspirin in phospholipids and in the triacylglycerol fraction of
      neutral lipids.

PMID- 6812095
TI  - Effect of furosemide on the in vitro prostaglandin biosynthesis in human
      platelets.
AB  - Effect of furosemide at various concentrations (0.05-4 mM) was examined on the in
      vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins in human platelets. At lower furosemide
      concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 mM) no effect was observed. At 1 and 2 mM
      concentrations, PGE2 significantly (P less than 0.01) increased. At 3 and 4 mM
      concentrations PGE2 increased though not significantly probably because of the
      small number of samples (n=5). A decrease in PGD2 formation was noted at 1-4 mM
      furosemide concentrations, though significantly only at 3 mM conc. At 1 and 2 mM
      concentrations, TxB2 and HHT increased whereas at 3 and 4 mM concentrations these
      metabolites were decreased. These effects were, however, not significant. No
      effect was observed on endoperoxide generation at 1 and 2 mM conc. Furosemide at
      1 and 2 mM concentrations inhibited ADP- and arachidonic acid induced platelet
      aggregation. An increased platelet formation of PGE2 in the presence of
      furosemide may point to the fact that this drug shows its effect mainly on the
      formation of PGE2 which has been found to exert a profound effect on renal blood
      flow and thus ameliorates some forms of hypertension.

PMID- 6812096
TI  - Effect of valproic acid on brain serotonin metabolism in isolated and grouped
      rats.
AB  - The effect of the GABA transaminase inhibitor valproic acid (DPA) on serotonin
      (5HT) metabolism of different brain regions were studied in both grouped and
      isolated rats. One hour after DPA injection 5HT levels in the amygdala were
      increased in grouped and isolated rats. In the hypothalamus of grouped rats,
      changes in 5HT metabolism were also found. The alteration in 5HT metabolism in
      grouped rats was reversed 150 min after injection of DPA. At this same time, a
      large and significant increase in 5HT turnover was observed in all brain areas
      examined in isolated rats. It can be concluded that prolonged isolation induces a
      differential sensitivity to the effects of DPA leading to differences in 5HT
      metabolism: the drug effect being more intense in isolated rats.

PMID- 6812097
TI  - Estimation of photoproduct formation in germinating spores of Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6812098
TI  - An inexpensive rotating connector for chronic intragastric infusion.

PMID- 6812099
TI  - Sublethal effects of carbaryl on surfacing behaviour and food utilization in the
      air-breathing fish, Macropodus cupanus.
AB  - Sublethal effects of carbaryl on surfacing behaviour and food utilization in the
      obligatory air-breathing fish Macropodus cupanus were studied by rearing the fish
      individually in freshwater (pesticide-free) and four different sublethal
      concentrations of carbaryl (1 to 2.5 ppm). M. cupanus exhibited increased
      surfacing with the increased concentration of carbaryl. Enhanced rate of
      surfacing may be the result of stress exerted by the toxicant. Food intake of M.
      cupanus reared in different concentrations of carbaryl did not vary
      significantly. Growth decreased with increased concentrations of carbaryl,
      possibly due to excessive expenditure of energy on metabolism that otherwise
      could have been channelled into fish growth. Frequent surfacing may also account
      for the expenditure on metabolism. Hence, the conversion efficiency of M. cupanus
      reared at higher concentrations of carbaryl was poor and was inversely related
      with higher concentrations of carbaryl.

PMID- 6812100
TI  - [Posttraumatic brain abscess--case report].

PMID- 6812101
TI  - Second International Symposium on Drugs as Discriminative Stimuli. Abstracts of
      the meeting, Beerse, Belgium, June 30, July 1, 2, and 3, 1982.

PMID- 6812103
TI  - Two dissociable components of behavioral sensitization following repeated
      amphetamine administration.
AB  - The acute administration of moderate to high doses (greater than 2 mg/kg) of
      amphetamine (AMPH) to rats produces a multiphasic behavioral response consisting
      of an initial period of locomotor activity followed by episodes of intense
      stereotyped behavior, and a period of post-stereotype locomotion. Repeated
      administration of the drug results in a sensitization with two components: more
      rapid onset of stereotypy and enhancement of the post-stereotype locomotor
      activity. The studies presented below provide converging evidence that the two
      components of the sensitization are dissociable. 1. Rats from ten different
      strains or suppliers all exhibited more rapid onset of stereotypy following
      repeated AMPH pretreatment, whereas only five of these strains or supplier groups
      exhibited significantly enhanced poststereotypy locomotion. 2. The time course
      differed for the development of these two components of the sensitization. 3. The
      recovery from sensitization differed for these two components of the behavioral
      response. Following withdrawal of the drug, post-stereotypy motor activity
      diminished within 2 months while the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted for
      at least 3 months. These observations have particular relevance to future studies
      directed at specifying the biochemical substrates of the sensitization.

PMID- 6812102
TI  - DSP4-induced two-way active avoidance impairment in rats: involvement of central
      and not peripheral noradrenaline depletion.
AB  - N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) (50 mg/kg IP), a new selective
      noradrenaline (NA) neurotoxin, was found to cause a severe impairment of the
      acquisition of a two-way active avoidance task 1 week following administration,
      an effect that was blocked by the selective NA uptake inhibitor desipramine. In a
      second experiment, systemically injected 6-OHDA (2 x 30 mg/kg IP) was not found
      to cause any avoidance impairment, although its effects upon peripheral NA were
      still evident 21 days after administration: The peripheral NA depletion caused by
      DSP4 almost disappeared 14 days after injection. In a third experiment, the
      avoidance impairment induced by DSP4 was produced even 10 weeks after treatment.
      Data from both the shuttlebox experiment and an activity box experiment suggest
      that the acquisition impairment is not readily explained on the basis of some
      deficit in spontaneous behavior or an altered perception of pain. The present
      data suggest that the effect of DSP4 upon active avoidance acquisition is
      mediated via central, and not peripheral NA neurons.

PMID- 6812104
TI  - Drugs and visual perception: effects of LSD, morphine and chloropromazine on
      accuracy, bias and speed.
AB  - Ten pigeons were trained to discriminate between the intensities of two white
      lights (projected behind a center response "key") using a discrete trial
      procedure in which choice behavior involved pecking at red or green lights
      projected behind left or right side keys. LSD (0.02-0.08 mg/kg) did not alter the
      accuracy of the brightness discrimination (percent correct) although it did lower
      response speed and may have differentially affected spatial (position) bias.
      Morphine (2.5--10.0 mg/kg) decreased accuracy of discrimination as well as
      response speed and had greater effects on trials when the bright stimulus was
      presented than when the dim stimulus was presented. Chlorpromazine (7.5-3.0
      mg/kg) lowered accuracy without significantly altering any other measure of
      performance.

PMID- 6812105
TI  - Xanthines alter behavior maintained by intracranial electrical stimulation and an
      operant schedule.
AB  - Caffeine and related alkylxanthines are widely used for recreation and
      therapeutic effects. In behavioral studies, both response rate-enhancing and
      attenuating effects have been described, depending upon the dose and behavioral
      measure used. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and differential reinforcement
      of low rates of responding (DRL) were assessed after rats were administered one
      of a range of doses of caffeine or aminophylline. These measures were chosen
      because of their demonstrated sensitivity to psychotropic drugs and the potential
      for comparing the alkylxanthine data to the extensive literature of amphetamine
      effects on ICSS and DRL behavior. Caffeine and aminophylline elicited dose- and
      drug-dependent changes in ICSS responding, and increased response rates and
      decreased reinforcements on the DRL schedule. These behavioral results are
      discussed with reference to alkylxanthine interactions with adenosine receptors.

PMID- 6812106
TI  - Methylphenidate oral dose plasma concentrations and behavioral response in
      children.
AB  - The relationship between methylphenidate (MP) oral dose and plasma concentration
      to social and cognitive behaviors was studied in 25 boys diagnosed as having
      "attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity". Children were administered
      successive 1-week treatment conditions under the following schedule of fixed oral
      doses given twice daily: placebo; 0.25 mg/kg; 0.50 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg; placebo.
      Teacher and parent ratings showed increased improvement in social behavior as a
      function of MP dose. No drug effects were obtained on cognitive performance. MP
      plasma concentrations were significantly associated with oral dose and with
      measures of social behavior. No relationship was found with cognitive behavior.
      Side effects at the largest dose were severe enough to require discontinuation of
      treatment for five children, but were relatively mild for the remaining children.

PMID- 6812107
TI  - Behavioural effects of electrolytic and 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the
      accumbens and caudate-putamen nuclei.
AB  - Selective bilateral destruction of dopaminergic neuronal terminals in the
      accumbens nuclei with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced spontaneous and amphetamine
      induced locomotor and exploratory behaviour and sniffing activity; amphetamine
      induced stereotyped behaviour appeared to be mildly potentiated. Similarly
      induced bilateral destruction of dopaminergic nerve endings in the caudate
      putamen reduced spontaneous activity; amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour
      was abolished. Some animals with severe degrees of neostriatal dopamine depletion
      were completely unresponsive to amphetamine, apart from intense sniffing
      activity. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the accumbens nuclei did not alter
      spontaneous or amphetamine-induced activity.

PMID- 6812109
TI  - Serum level monitoring and therapeutic effect of haloperidol in schizophrenic
      patients.
AB  - Haloperidol serum concentrations were determined after IM or oral treatment in 15
      schizophrenic patients. No correlation was found between drug levels and
      therapeutic effect. However, a good relationship was found between the half-life
      calculated after the first IM injection and the BPRS decrease after 3 weeks.
      Therefore a serum level study to the first day may forecast the therapeutic
      response.

PMID- 6812108
TI  - Chronic benztropine and haloperidol administration induce behaviorally equivalent
      pharmacological hypersensitivities separately but not in combination.
AB  - This study reports the pharmacologic induction of behavioral pharmacologic
      hypersensitivity in an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Four groups of rats
      received IP injections twice daily of 2.5 mg/kg haloperidol (H), 10 mg/kg
      benztropine (B), 2.5 mg/kg H plus 10 mg/kg benztropine (H + B), or saline for 4
      weeks. Drug-induced catalepsy and spontaneous oral activity were measured daily
      during treatment. At 1 and 2 weeks after withdrawal of treatment, all groups were
      tested with apomorphine (AP) for the induction of stereotyped behavior. At 6
      weeks after withdrawal of treatment, all animals were tested for catalepsy after
      receiving 2.5 mg/kg H. During the chronic treatment phase, H inhibited and B
      enhanced spontaneous oral activity. Also, H induced profound catalepsy during
      week 1, with partial tolerance to this effect observed during weeks 2-4. At 2
      weeks after withdrawal, equivalent enhancement of AP stereotypy was seen in the H
      and B groups, but H + B (and saline) did not cause enhancement. At 6 weeks after
      withdrawal, enhancement of catalepsy was observed in the H and B groups, while H
      + B and control groups did not differ. Both H and B administered chronically can
      produce hypersensitivity when given alone, but this effect is attenuated when H
      and B are given in combination. While preservation of the dopamine-(DA)
      acetylcholine balance during treatment appears to protect against
      hypersensitivity, the blockade of DA reuptake by benztropine, rather than its
      anticholinergic properties, may explain both the failure of combined treatment to
      induce hypersensitivity and the ability of B alone to induce hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6812111
TI  - The influence of isolation and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) on GABA in muricidal
      rats.
AB  - The influence of isolation was studied on the development of muricidal behavior
      and on brain GABA. GABA was significantly lower in several parts of the limbic
      system of brain taken from muricidal rats, when compared to their non-muricidal
      counterparts. Isolation potentiated the development of muricidal behavior and
      lowered GABA levels. Administration of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) resulted in a
      preferential elevation of GABA in the olfactory lobes. Muricidal behavior was
      inhibited during the AOAA-induced increase in GABA.

PMID- 6812110
TI  - Effects of antimuscarinic cholinergic drugs injected systemically or into the
      hippocampo-entorhinal area upon passive avoidance learning in young rats.
AB  - Passive avoidance learning was significantly impaired by atropine (5 mg/kg, IP)
      or scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), but not by methyl-atropine (5 mg/kg) or methyl
      scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), from postnatal day 15 on. In contrast, an improvement
      was observed, not significant at 11 days and significant at 13 days, probably due
      to nonspecific effects. Retention of the response increased from 6 h at 13 days,
      to 24 h at 17 days. In treated rats, retention was abolished at 13 and 15 days,
      and impaired at 17 and 20 days. Acquisition of the response was also
      significantly impaired by bilateral injections of atropine (1, 5, and 20
      micrograms) into the posteroventral hippocampo-entorhinal (VHE) area, from day 15
      on. Concomitantly, extinction was accelerated. At 14 days, atropine had no
      influence. At 13 days, a facilitatory action was observed, with better
      acquisition and greater resistance to extinction, possibly linked to affective
      changes. The results confirm that central muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms are
      involved in passive avoidance learning from postnatal day 15 on, and demonstrate
      that some pathways of this system are located in the VHE area, become efficient
      at 15 days, and improve markedly between 17 and 18 days.

PMID- 6812112
TI  - Neuroendocrine evidence for increased responsiveness of dopamine receptors in
      humans following electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - The previous finding that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) enhances effects of
      dopamine (DA) agonists was further investigated in the present clinical
      experiment using neuroendocrine techniques. Apomorphine chloride (AP) (0.18-0.24
      mg IV) induced stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and suppression of prolactin
      (PRL), as shown 2-3 days before and after ECT in mentally depressed patients (N =
      12) and therapy-resistant parkinsonian patients with on-off phenomena (N = 9). AP
      stimulated GH secretion was not significantly affected by ECT, whereas AP-induced
      suppression of PRL, expressed as percentage of baseline PRL levels, was
      significantly enhanced after ECT. Changes in clinical and hormonal parameters
      were not significantly correlated. Control patients not receiving ECT showed no
      significant changes in AP-induced GH secretion or PRL suppression in repeated
      investigations. The results support the view that ECT increases responsiveness of
      DA receptors and indicates that AP-induced suppression of PRL is a useful model
      to reflect these changes in humans.

PMID- 6812113
TI  - Comparison of the degree of discriminability of various drugs using the T-maze
      drug discrimination paradigm.
AB  - This paper reports preclinical data that may predict the amount of state
      dependent learning likely to be produced in humans by various psychoactive drugs.
      In a T-maze, rats were required to turn right when drugged and left when not
      drugged to escape from electric shock. The number of training sessions required
      to learn this drug versus no drug discrimination was used as an indicator of the
      degree of discriminability of the training drug. Using this procedure, the
      discriminability of more than 100 common psychoactive drugs was determined at one
      or more doses. Sessions to criterion usually decreased as dosage was increased.
      Maximum discriminability occurred at the highest usable dose in most cases, and
      differed considerably for drugs of various types. The results suggest that the
      majority of psychoactive drugs can be investigated by use of the drug
      discrimination technique, and that state-dependent learning effects will not
      accompany clinical use of most psychoactive drugs unless intoxicating doses are
      used.

PMID- 6812114
TI  - Hyperbaric ethanol antagonism in mice: studies on oxygen, nitrogen, strain and
      sex.
AB  - Male and female C57BL/6J and male BALBc/J mice were injected with 3.6 g/kg
      ethanol or saline and exposed to 1-10 atmospheres absolute (ATA) air, to 1 ATA
      80% helium-20% oxygen, or to 12 ATA helium-oxygen having oxygen partial pressures
      between 0.5 and 18 times normal. Hyperbaric helium-oxygen significantly reduced
      sleep-time and increased wake-up brain ethanol concentrations in all mice tested.
      The degree of antagonism was not enhanced by increasing the oxygen partial
      pressure. Hyperbaric air increased sleep-time and decreased wake-up brain ethanol
      concentration in C57 mice. Hyperbaric air induced a pressure-related lethal
      effect beginning at 6 ATA in intoxicated BALBs. These findings demonstrate that
      hyperbaric ethanol antagonism extends across strains and sexes, that the degree
      of antagonism cannot be enhanced by increasing the oxygen partial pressure, and
      that air is not suitable as an antagonistic hyperbaric gas. The findings are
      consistent with membrane theories of anesthesia.

PMID- 6812115
TI  - Reinforcing properties of clonidine in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Intravenous clonidine self-administration was studied in rhesus monkeys under
      conditions of limited and unlimited access. Limited access consisted of daily 2-h
      experimental sessions with drug available on a fixed ratio 10 schedule. For
      unlimited access, drug was available 23 h/day with each response resulting in an
      injection. In all animals under both conditions, responding was maintained at
      levels that were above those maintained by saline injections at doses between 0.3
      and 10 microgram/kg/inj, and the number of injections taken per session depended
      upon the dose. Under conditions of limited access, peak self-administration rates
      varied between animals but averaged approximately 30 inj/session. Total session
      intake was occasionally in excess of 1.0 mg/kg. Under conditions of unlimited
      access animals frequently self-administered more than 300 inj/day and intakes
      averaging 3.6 mg/kg/day occurred at the highest dose tested (10
      microgram/kg/inj). When saline was substituted for clonidine after periods of
      clonidine access that ranged from 10-40 days, withdrawal signs included facial
      flushing, refusal of preferred food, restlessness, salivation, and emesis. These
      signs could be reversed with IV clonidine but could not be reliably precipitated
      with IV naloxone.

PMID- 6812116
TI  - Sensitization of mice to methylphenidate.
AB  - Mice that received five daily injection of methylphenidate HCl, 10-75 mg/kg,
      showed an increased running response to methylphenidate, cocaine, and
      amphetamine. Sensitization to methylphenidate persisted for at least 50 days.
      Repeated IP injections of methylphenidate into mice with unilateral striatal
      lesions increased ipsilateral turning in response to methylphenidate, but
      decreased contralateral turning after apomorphine. The climbing response to
      apomorphine in intact, methylphenidate-sensitized mice was also decreased. There
      was no change in either basal or dopamine-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity in
      the striata of sensitized mice, but there was a 36% increase in the specific
      binding of haloperidol. The rate of turnover of striatal dopamine was increased
      in sensitized mice. These results suggest that pretreatment with methylphenidate
      may alter the sensitivity of presynaptic dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6812117
TI  - Transfer of a learning set between drug states in monkeys.
AB  - Four adult male rhesus monkeys, while in either a pentobarbital-induced drug
      state or a saline control state, were trained on a series of 12 oddity problems.
      Tests in the opposite drug or saline state were administered after acquisition of
      each problem in order to determine the amount of transfer between the disparate
      states. All tests included presentation of problems not previously seen (novel
      problems). Tests 2-11 also included presentation of problems trained beyond
      criterion level (overtrained problems). During early tests only the overtrained
      problems exhibited transfer to the opposite drug or saline state. However, during
      the later tests, as the monkeys acquired the learning set in the training state,
      both the novel and overtrained problems were correctly solved in the test state.
      This indicates that the concept of oddity, rather than solution of specific
      problems, transferred between drug states. Interestingly, the overtrained
      problems exhibited greater transfer on the later tests than on early tests. This
      may suggest that the transfer due to overtraining is not the same as the transfer
      due to acquisition of the oddity learning set.

PMID- 6812118
TI  - Altered sensitivity to d-methylamphetamine, apomorphine, and haloperidol in
      rhesus monkeys depleted of caudate dopamine by repeated administration of d
      methylamphetamine.
AB  - The long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects of repeated d
      methylamphetamine (d-MA) administration were investigated using four male rhesus
      monkeys trained to lever-press for food on a DRL-40s schedule of reinforcement.
      Dose-response curves for d-MA (0.0625-2.0 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.025-0.4 mg/kg),
      and haloperidol (0.005-0.04 mg/kg) on responding showed that repeated d-MA
      administration (0.5-16.0 mg/kg/day) decreased sensitivity to d-MA and to
      apomorphine but increased sensitivity to haloperidol. At 3-6 months after the
      last injection of d-MA, a 48.1% decrease in caudate dopamine (DA) was observed,
      with the frontal cortex, midbrain, and pons-medulla showing no significant
      change. A trend toward increasing concentrations of norepinephrine was noted in
      the same brain areas, but only in the frontal cortex did this change reach
      significance. Specific binding of 3H-spiroperidol to caudate membrane
      preparations was not changed, while the Vmax of the caudate DA re-uptake process
      declined 32%, with no change in Km. These results suggest that exposure of DA
      neurons in the caudate nucleus to high concentrations of d-MA can lead to nerve
      terminal degeneration.

PMID- 6812119
TI  - Serum concentrations of cis(Z)-flupentixol and prolactin in chronic schizophrenic
      patients treated with flupentixol and cis(Z)-flupentixol decanoate.
AB  - Nine chronic schizophrenic patients selected from three hospital departments were
      treated with flupentixol (orally and IV) and cis(Z)-flupentixol decanoate in
      Viscoleo (IM) in a three-phase pharmacokinetic study. Oral administration (single
      and repeated dosage) showed a relatively slow absorption with maximum serum
      concentration around 4 h after administration. Intravenous injection indicated
      multicompartment kinetics for cis(Z)-flupentixol. The biological half-lives
      calculated after the different doses were the same, indicating that the
      pharmacokinetics of cis(Z)-flupentixol does not differ between single and
      repeated administration and does not change when moderately higher doses are
      given. The bioavailability of orally administered cis(Z)-flupentixol was
      calculated to be about 40% with IV injection as reference. After IM
      administration maximum serum concentration was seen between 4 and 10 days in most
      patients. Calculation of a disappearance half-life gave very variable results,
      indicating that the release of the drug from the oil depot is not a
      monoexponential process. The intramuscular depot had a much lower bioavailability
      than IV injection, which means that steady state has not been obtained after 8
      weeks of depot treatment. Serum prolactin concentrations were elevated during
      neuroleptic treatment, but no correlation was found between prolactin
      concentrations and the serum concentrations of cis(Z)-flupentixol. A correlation
      between the changes in clinical ratings and concentrations of cis(Z)-flupentixol
      or prolactin was not found.

PMID- 6812121
TI  - Quantitative effects of ethanol infusion on smooth pursuit eye movements in man.

PMID- 6812120
TI  - An analysis of some effects of ethanol on performance in a passive avoidance
      task.
AB  - In a one-trial step-through passive avoidance task, pretraining administration of
      ethanol was shown to decrease the latencies to step through at both training (day
      1) and testing (day 2) for both rats and mice. A detailed analysis of these
      effects showed that they differed from those reported previously by others. The
      mechanisms underlying these effects of ethanol were also examined. The decreased
      day 1 latency to step through seen in rats may have been caused by an ethanol
      induced hypermotility. However, ethanol did not increase the locomotor activity
      of mice, although it also reduced the day 1 latency to step through of this
      species. In addition, it was found that the ethanol-induced impairment of passive
      avoidance responding (i.e. the decreased day 2 latency to step through) was not
      state-dependent and that it was unlikely that it could be explained by a drug
      induced impairment of task acquisition, long-term memory formation or memory
      recall. It also seemed unlikely that the impairment could be explained by an
      ethanol-induced decrease in shock sensitivity. Other mechanisms which may be
      involved are discussed.

PMID- 6812122
TI  - Ethanol-stress interaction: biochemical findings.
AB  - Previous research suggested that low doses of ethanol (ETOH) may have a
      protective effect against stress: We now report confirmation and extension of
      that preliminary study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0.50 g/kg
      ETOH (10% w/v) or an equivalent volume of saline and randomly assigned to one of
      four groups in Experiments I and II (saline-stress, saline-nonstress, ethanol
      stress, ethanol-nonstress). In Experiment III, only two groups were tested
      (ethanol-stress, saline-stress). The stressors consisted of 30 trials (intertrial
      interval 60 s) of a 2-s duration 0.40 mA foot shock (Experiment I), 90 min
      restrain stress at 21 degrees C (Experiment II) or 10 min tail-pinch (Experiment
      III). In Experiments I and II, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were
      significantly increased in the saline-stress groups compared to the saline
      nonstress or ethanol-nonstress groups. In contrast, subjects treated with ETOH
      and stress had significantly lower levels of plasma NEFA than saline-stress
      subjects in Experiments I and III. Plasma corticosterone was significantly
      elevated in response to stress. Subjects in the ethanol-stress groups had
      significantly lower levels of plasma corticosterone than subjects in the saline
      stress group (Experiments I and II). These results suggest that ETOH has some
      protective effect against stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone and
      NEFA. Furthermore, this finding may be generalized to several different types of
      stressors.

PMID- 6812124
TI  - 3H-Imipramine high-affinity binding sites in rat brain. Effects of imipramine and
      lithium.
AB  - The specific high-affinity binding of 3H-imipramine to rat brain membranes was
      investigated. Five weeks of lithium treatment decreased the number of binding
      sites, but had no effect on the affinity constants. Long-term imipramine
      treatment had no effect on the number of binding sites but apparently decreased
      the affinity. The latter effect was probably due to imipramine remaining in the
      membrane preparation.

PMID- 6812123
TI  - Tolerance to the disruptive effects of arecoline on schedule-controlled behavior.
AB  - The roles of dispositional, physiological, and behavioral factors in the
      development of tolerance to the effects of arecoline on operant behavior were
      assessed. In Experiment I, rats were trained to press a lever on a variable
      interval 15-s schedule for milk reinforcement. Dose-effect relationships were
      assessed prior to and during chronic arecoline (1.74 mg/kg/day) treatment. After
      21 days of arecoline administration prior to each session, the dose-effect
      relationship for total number of responses did not shift. However, the dose
      effect relationship for total number of reinforcers shifted to the right. In
      Experiment II, rats were trained to respond on a fixed-ratio 20 schedule for milk
      reinforcement. Dose-effect relationships were assessed prior to and during
      chronic arecoline (0.87 mg/kg/day) administration. One group of rats received
      daily injections of arecoline prior to the session and a second group received
      arecoline injections 30 min after the session. Daily administration of arecoline
      resulted in a greater shift to the right of the dose-effect relationship for the
      presession group than it did for the postsession group. These data demonstrate
      the importance of behavioral factors in the development of tolerance to
      arecoline.

PMID- 6812125
TI  - Isoprenaline increases brain concentrations of administered L-dopa and L
      tryptophan in the rat.
AB  - A small dose of isoprenaline or saline was administered intraperitoneally to rats
      20 min before the administration of one of the amino acids L-dopa or L
      tryptophan. Isoprenaline caused a marked increase in the brain concentration of
      the administered amino acid. Isoprenaline has previously been shown to cause a
      decrease in at least some of those plasma amino acids which compete with L-dopa
      and tryptophan for carrier-mediated transport into the brain. The effect of
      isoprenaline on the concentrations of dopa and tryptophan in the brain is
      suggested to be at least partly caused by a change in the relationship between
      endogenous and administered amino acids. It is also possible that a direct effect
      of isoprenaline on the blood-brain barrier transport system contributes to the
      effect. The reported finding might be of clinical interest in view of the
      therapeutic importance of aromatic amino acids with a central site of action.

PMID- 6812127
TI  - Prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements ("spontaneous dyskinesias") in the
      normal elderly.
AB  - Advancing age has been associated with increased prevalence of abnormal
      involuntary movements in neuroleptic-treated patients. In order to investigate
      the possibility that the aging process itself might produce involuntary movements
      clinically indistinguishable from tardive dyskinesia, a group of healthy elderly
      volunteers were systematically examined. A 4% prevalence rate of mild involuntary
      movements was found, suggesting that the aging process itself is not likely to
      produce dyskinesias without other contributing factors coming into play.

PMID- 6812126
TI  - Specific action of tranylcypromine to precipitate barbital withdrawal
      convulsions.
AB  - This research was designed to determine whether the convulsion-eliciting action
      of tranylcypromine (TCP) during bartibal (B) withdrawal was specific to physical
      dependence on B, and to compare the findings with the action of pentetrazol
      (PTZ). Challenge with 15-20 mg/kg IP TCP at 48 or B withdrawal resulted in the
      elicitation of clonic-tonic convulsion (CTC) in all rats (n = 6) within 10 min.
      Another challenge with 5-20 mg/kg TCP led to the dose-related precipitation and
      intensification of CTC. The CTC-inducing action of TCP was relatively reduced as
      the B withdrawal signs were gradually mitigated. In other words, when challenge
      with the drug was made at 72h of B withdrawal, the time of CTC onset was
      prolonged, and the incidence was reduced to 50% in parallel with abolition of the
      other withdrawal signs. A challenge at 120 h of B withdrawal when the vital signs
      had almost recovered to prewithdrawal level failed to induce even the prodromal
      signs of convulsion. In all rats exhibiting only mild to moderate withdrawal
      signs (such as hyperirritability, hyper-reflexia, anorexia, weight loss), 40
      mg/kg TCP was required to induce CTC during B withdrawal, which was twice the
      dose required in severely dependent rats. Other monoamine oxidase inhibitors,
      i.e., pargyline, iproniazid, and clorgyline, elicited no CTC during B withdrawal.
      Methamphetamine was without effect on B withdrawal convulsions. From these
      findings, the convulsive threshold for TCP during B withdrawal proved well
      correlated to the grade of B-dependence and the duration of B-withdrawal signs.

PMID- 6812128
TI  - Effects of neonatal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on locomotor
      activity.
AB  - Neonatal rats treated on day 3 of life with 50 or 100 micrograms 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine exhibited long-lasting selective depletions of serotonin (5
      HT). The 5-HT depletions produced a shift in the peak in locomotor activity from
      its normal occurrence at 15 days of age to later days of age. The observation
      that the decreases in activity after the peak were delayed, rather than
      eliminated, suggests that the inhibition of locomotor activity produced by 5-HT
      may be of transient importance in the developing rat. The transience of the
      inhibition may be the result of the continuing development of nonserotonergic
      systems during this time period that are involved in the regulation of activity.

PMID- 6812129
TI  - Residual effects of prolonged cannabis administration on exploration and DRL
      performance in rats.
AB  - Chronic oral administration of cannabis extract to rats (daily delta 9
      tetrahydrocannabinol dose 20 mg/kg) was examined for its residual effect on open
      field activity and DRL (differential reinforcement of low-rat responding)
      performance, following a 2-3 month drug-free period. Locomotor activity during
      the latter part of an open field test was markedly increased in rats previously
      treated for either 6 months or 3 months with the drug. The same treatments also
      produced a significant impairment on a DRL-20 task relative to control subjects'
      performance. These and other findings (impaired maze learning and facilitated two
      way shuttle box avoidance) might mean that cannabis produces long-lasting
      hippocampal dysfunction in rats.

PMID- 6812130
TI  - The effect of repeated desipramine administration on water intake in rats.
AB  - Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine
      (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake.
      Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of
      desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated
      administration. Rats in each group were injected both 1 h before and 15 min after
      the access period. The SAL-SAL group received saline both before and after the
      session, the DMI-SAL group received 10 mg/kg DMI before and saline after the
      session, and the SAL-DMI group received saline before and 10 mg/kg DMI after the
      session. Average water intake for rats in the DMI-SAL group decreased
      progressively during the first 5 days of repeated administration and then began
      to return toward baseline levels. Average water intake for rats in the SAL-DMI
      group decreased progressively from days 4-18 of repeated administration and then
      began to increase toward baseline levels. Rats repeatedly administered DMI (DMI
      SAL and SAL-DMI groups) became tolerant to its effect on water intake, as
      indicated by a diminution of the DMI effect during repeated treatment and by a
      shift to the right in the DMI dose-response function after discontinuation of
      repeated DMI administration. Both groups of rats administered DMI repeatedly were
      less sensitive to amitriptyline-induced reduction of water intake than controls,
      thereby indicating the development of cross-tolerance to amitriptyline. Cross
      tolerance to scopolamine did not develop. These findings demonstrate a behavioral
      effect of DMI that results in the development of tolerance. The lack of cross
      tolerance to scopolamine suggests that tolerance development is not due to
      altered central cholinergic function.

PMID- 6812132
TI  - Circadian changes in behavioral effects of haloperidol in rats.
AB  - Circadian changes in behavioral responses to haloperidol were evaluated in rats
      under normal and altered lighting cycles. There was a 5.5-fold change in ED50
      between the maximum (4 PM) and minimum (4 AM) cataleptic response to the drug
      under normal lighting (lights of 7 AM- 7 PM). The rhythm was present whether the
      same rats were tested repeatedly, or fresh rats were used at each time to avoid
      drug effects which persist for at least several days. Under normal lighting, the
      maximum cataleptic effect of haloperidol corresponded closely to the light-phase
      minimum of spontaneous motor activity in untreated rats. Measures of sedation
      (ptosis and motor inhibition) induced by haloperidol yielded small circadian
      rhythms under normal lighting and were highly dependent on the baseline level of
      arousal. A month of constant light or dark, or reversed dark-light cycles had
      small effects on the sedative actions of haloperidol, although inhibition of
      locomotion tended to phase-shift with general arousal; these changes did not
      alter the catalepsy rhythm. While the circadian rhythm of spontaneous activity
      underwent a complete reversal within 1 month (t 1/2 =17 days) of reversed
      lighting cycles, the catalepsy rhythm changed very gradually (t 1/2 = 82 days)
      and required nearly 6 months for complete reversal. Thus, catalepsy is a robust
      endogenously regulated circadian response that is only slowly influenced by
      altered lighting conditions which dissociate this rhythm of neuroleptic response
      from that of spontaneous general arousal. Endogenous neurobiologic and
      pharmacokinetic factors may contribute to circadian changes in neuroleptic
      responses.

PMID- 6812131
TI  - Dopamine receptor sensitivity after chronic dopamine agonists. Striatal 3H
      spiroperidol binding in mice after chronic administration of high doses of
      apomorphine, N-n-propylnorapomorphine and dextroamphetamine.
AB  - Several previous reports have demonstrated that chronic administration of both
      directly and indirectly acting dopamine agonists produces a supersensitive
      behavioral response to challenge doses of dopamine agonists when compared to the
      responses induced by acute administration of these drugs. That is, a given dose
      of a dopamine agonist will produce a greater response after chronic dopamine
      agonist treatment than is observed upon acute administration of that dose. A
      similar behavioral phenomenon resulting from chronic administration of dopamine
      antagonists has been suggested to be due to an increase in the number of dopamine
      receptors present in relevant brain areas. The same hypothesis has been put
      forward for the hypersensitivity induced by chronic dopamine agonist
      administration. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of
      chronic administration of high doses of both direct and indirect dopamine
      agonists on the dopamine receptors labeled by 3H-spiroperidol. Groups of animals
      (CD-1 mice) were sacrificed 1, 3 and 5 days following the last chronic injection.
      Striatal tissue from these mice was incubated with 3H-spiroperidol and dopamine
      receptor binding evaluated. Affinity of the receptors for the ligand was
      unaltered by treatments. The receptors labeled by 3H-spiroperidol showed no
      significant differences in number following the chronic administration of high
      doses of apomorphine (30 mg/kg). The Bmax was significantly decreased at only one
      time period following chronic administration of dextroamphetamine (4 mg/kg);
      however, there was a dramatic 30% reduction in the Bmax in striatal tissue from
      those mice treated with N-n-propylnorapomorphine. These results suggest that the
      hypersensitive behavioral response in mice following chronic administration of
      direct and indirect acting dopamine agonists is not due to an increase in the
      number of dopamine receptors in the striatum which are labeled by 3H
      spiroperidol.

PMID- 6812133
TI  - alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine inhibition of a conditioned avoidance response: reversal
      by dopamine applied to the nucleus accumbens.
AB  - These experiments sought to determine whether dopamine (DA) could reverse the
      depressive effects of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) on a conditioned avoidance
      response (CAR). Rats were randomly allocated to shocked groups (CAR-trained) and
      non-shocked (CAR-naive) groups. The CAR-trained rats, conditioned to avoid an
      electric shock, were administered AMPT (150 mg/kg at -24 h and 50 mg/kg at -1 h,
      both IP), nialamide (80 mg/kg IP at -1 h) and saline (1 microliter) or DA (5 or
      10 micrograms/microliters, dissolved in 1 microliter saline, at time 0) directly
      into the nucleus accumbens. The rats were then tested for CAR at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4,
      8, 12, 24 an 48 h. The CAR-naive rats, conditioned to the behavioural environment
      without electric shock being presented, were administered AMPT, nialamide and DA
      or saline as above. Both doses of DA antagonised the AMPT-induced suppression of
      the CAR in the CAR-trained rats, reaching a maximum 2-4 h after its local
      application. In the CAR-naive rats, DA produced a "pseudo-CAR' that lasted about
      4 h, but which completely disappeared at 8 h when the DA effect had worn off.
      These CAR-naive rats did not learn a CAR under the influence of DA. In a third
      group of rats, DA produced locomotor activation which, in its time course,
      resembled the effect of DA on CAR. It is concluded that the ability of DA to
      antagonise AMPT-induced depression of CAR is, in all likelihood, dependent upon
      DA-induced locomotor excitation, rather than upon an effect of DA on associative
      learning.

PMID- 6812134
TI  - Effects of a nicotine-enriched cigarette on nicotine titration, daily cigarette
      consumption, and levels of carbon monoxide, cotinine, and nicotine.
AB  - To test whether cigarettes with low tar, low carbon monoxide, and medium nicotine
      yield produce less dangerous effects than cigarettes low in tar and CO but high
      in nicotine, 12 subjects were recruited to smoke nicotine-enriched cigarettes.
      The subjects smoked three types of cigarettes in the three experimental
      conditions: (1) their own brand; (2) cigarettes with 4.8 mg tar, 4.0 mg CO, and
      0.5 mg nicotine; (3) cigarettes with 5.8 mg tar, 4.1 mg CO, and 1.1 mg nicotine.
      Subjects monitored their daily consumption for 12 weeks; 4 weeks for each
      condition. During laboratory visits, the subjects smoked a cigarette while their
      heart rate and carbon monoxide in expired air were measured pre- and post
      smoking. A blood sample was drawn and analyzed for nicotine and cotinine in each
      experimental condition. No significant differences in daily cigarette consumption
      were found, although a trend (P less than 0.07) in the direction of fewer
      nicotine-enriched cigarettes per day was found. Levels of CO varied significantly
      among the three conditions: The subjects' own brands yielded the highest level,
      while the nicotine-enriched cigarette yielded the lowest level. No differences
      were found for nicotine or cotinine levels. A second purpose of the experiment
      was to record the degree of nicotine titration displayed by individual smokers,
      tar and CO levels remained constant in the experimental cigarettes. No general
      titration effect was observed, although for daily consumption it approached
      significance. When the subjects' nicotine dependence, measured with a tolerance
      questionnaire, was taken into account, a correlation with daily consumption was
      found (r = 77, P less than 0.005). A cigarette with low tar and CO, but medium to
      high nicotine yield, would seem to produce less hazardous effects and is worthy
      of further investigation. The controversial question of whether smokers titrate
      for nicotine is a function of the individual's nicotine dependence.

PMID- 6812137
TI  - LSD-induced alterations of locomotor patterns and exploration in rats.
AB  - A five exploration test was used to examine the effects of LSD on investigatory
      responding and locomotor activity in a novel environment. Rats were injected with
      20-30 micrograms/kg LSD or saline prior to being placed in a home cage. After 10
      min, a door was opened permitting entry into a larger holeboard chamber where
      crossovers, rearings, hole pokes, and routes of locomotion were monitored. When
      administered either 10 or 30 min prior to testing, LSD reduced the time spent in
      the holeboard chamber only during the first half of a 1-h session, resulting in a
      corresponding reduction in all holeboard activity measures. In the subsequent 30
      min, LSD-treated rats maintained a steady level of responding, in contrast to the
      continual decrement exhibited by controls. Despite their initial avoidance of the
      holeboard, LSD-treated rats made consistently longer hole pokes into floor holes
      and showed a more diversified pattern of locomotion than did controls throughout
      the 1-h session. Most striking was the failure of LSD-treated rats to establish
      the stereotyped excursion routes, characteristic of controls, from the home cage
      to various parts of the holeboard. It is suggested that LSD potentiates both
      neophobic (avoidance) and investigatory responses to a novel environment by
      retarding the rate of behavioral habituation.

PMID- 6812135
TI  - The active uptake of serotonin by platelets of schizophrenic patients and their
      families: possibility of a genetic marker.
AB  - The active uptake of serotonin (5-HT) blood platelets of 20 schizophrenic
      patients and their families was studied. The uptake was studied over a wide range
      of 5-HT concentrations (0.1-20 microM), and Km and Vmax of the uptake process
      were calculated. Of 20 patients, 18 exhibited a lower rate of uptake than the
      family average at 5-HT concentrations lower than the Km value. At a 5-HT
      concentration of 0.1 microM, the average 5-HT uptake of patients was 2.15
      pmol/10(8) platelets/min, while that of families was 2.99 pmol/10(8)
      platelets/min (33% difference). At a high 5-HT concentration, only the drug
      treated patients had lower Vmax than the family average, and this might be
      attributed to the effect of the drugs. Km of patients and families were very
      similar. In eight families, one or more of the family members showed 5-HT uptake
      patterns very similar to that of the patient. We termed these healthy family
      members "schizophrenic risks". Our findings indicate the involvement of some
      genetic factors in this disease.

PMID- 6812136
TI  - Increased uptake of serotonin by blood platelets from patients with bipolar
      primary affective disorder-bipolar type.
AB  - Active uptake of serotonin (5-HT) by blood platelets with bipolar primary
      affective disorder-bipolar type has been compared to that of their family members
      and healthy controls, and Km and Vmax values were calculated for each subject.
      The uptake of patients' platelets, as reflected by Vmax, was found to be
      significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P less than 0.05) and non
      significantly higher than that of family members (P less than 0.05). The average
      value obtained (in pmol/10(8) platelets/5 min) were 253.4 (patients), 199.7
      (families), and 171.5 (controls). The increased uptake by patients' platelets was
      not dependent on the state of disease. In two families, daughters of the patients
      exhibited the same uptake pattern as their ill mothers. The Km values for
      patients, family members, and controls were all about 1.06 x 10(-6) M. This study
      raises the possibility that the differences between patients and healthy
      individuals might be attributed to genetic factors. The meaning and
      interpretation of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 6812139
TI  - Amitriptyline and nortriptyline response profiles in unipolar depressed patients.
AB  - The relationship between steady-state plasma concentration and clinical response
      was studied in 22 hospitalized unipolar depressed patients. In a double-blind
      format the patients were randomly assigned to receive amitriptyline or
      nortriptyline. Dosage was adjusted based on plasma level with the aim of
      achieving a concentration of 60-180 ng/ml. By week 4 of treatment, 83% of
      amitriptyline patients and all nortriptyline patients were within the targeted
      plasma range. Based on final ratings of clinical state, the drug level adjustment
      improved the outcome for nortriptyline-treated patients, but not amitriptyline
      treated patients. Nortriptyline patients with plasma levels of 60-230 ng/ml had
      lower Hamilton Rating Scale depression scores than patients outside that range.
      By contrast, amitriptyline plasma levels were not associated with depression
      ratings. After 1 week, patients treated with nortriptyline had a significantly
      greater mean reduction in Hamilton depression score, i.e., 55% compared to 25%
      for amitriptyline patients.

PMID- 6812140
TI  - Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: clinical antidepressive and
      long-term effect--a phase II study.
AB  - In a phase II study the antidepressive effect of citalopram, a selective and
      potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was examined in 20 endogenously and three
      non-endogenously depressed hospitalized patients. Four endogenously depressed
      patients dropped out due to deterioration early in the treatment period. The
      remaining 19 patients completed a 4-6 week treatment schedule. Of 16 endogenously
      depressed patients 11 responded, one was a partial responder and four did not
      respond. Of three patients with non-endogenous depressions, two responded and one
      did not respond. No correlation between plasma citalopram concentration and
      therapeutic outcome was found. Fourteen patients were given maintenance treatment
      for 8-113 weeks. One patient developed depression when the dose was reduced from
      60 to 40 mg and one patient became manic. After discontinuation of treatment
      seven patients had a depressive relapse and six of these who again were treated
      with citalopram responded completely. Side effect rating scores of symptoms
      usually associated with depression or treatment with tricyclic antidepressants
      declined during treatment. Three patients complained of increased need of sleep
      for a period after several weeks of treatment. Apart from an unspecific,
      transient rise in liver enzymes in two patients, detailed biochemical laboratory
      tests were all normal. There were no effects on blood pressure, pulse rate,
      orthostatic reaction, or electrocardiogram. One patient took an overdose of
      citalopram resulting in plasma levels about six times higher than the average
      therapeutic level, but there were no signs of severe toxicity. In particular no
      change in consciousness, electrocardiogram or blood pressure occurred.
      Pharmacokinetic variables such as dose schedule, steady state kinetics, and
      metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6812138
TI  - GABAergic mechanisms within the ventral tegmental area: involvement of
      dopaminergic (A 10) and non-dopaminergic neurones.
AB  - The spontaneous activity of rats was measured after activation or inhibition of
      GABA activity in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain (VTA). Six hours
      after bilateral injection of ethanolamine-o-sulphate (GABA agonist) into the VTA,
      the behavioural activation induced either by d-amphetamine (amph) or by bilateral
      VTA infusion of a long-lasting enkephalin analogue was completely blocked.
      Bilateral infusion of picrotoxin (GABA antagonist) into the VTA elicited a short
      lived (40 min) dose-dependent behavioural activation which was not reduced either
      by prior specific lesion of the meso-cortico-limbic dopaminergic neurones or by
      administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Moreover, the simultaneous
      administration of picrotoxin and amph induced complex changes in behaviour which
      consisted of additive effects during the first 40 min, followed by an inhibition
      of the activating effect of amph. Our findings indicate that GABA-mediated
      inhibition involves both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurones within the
      VTA, and possible implications for human pathology are discussed.

PMID- 6812142
TI  - Studies on the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Eight male squirrel monkeys were trained to use the pharmacological effects of
      ethanol [orally via gastric intubation 1600 mg/kg (IG), in normal saline] versus
      those produced by equivolume saline as discriminative stimuli in an operant
      conditioning (bar pressing) procedure in which the availability of banana
      flavored food pellets was made contingent upon the drug condition of the animal
      (ethanol SD, saline S delta for four monkeys; saline SD, ethanol S delta for the
      other four monkeys). Test doses of 7.5 mg/kg pentobarbital IG and 80 mg/kg
      barbital IG closely mimicked the cue properties of ethanol, while doses of
      morphine sulfate (5.0-20 mg/kg IG) failed to elicit ethanol-appropriate
      responding. Other ethanolic beverages containing 1600 mg/kg ethanol in the same
      volume as the training dose, and found to mimic the cue properties of pure
      ethanol were bourbon, gin, beer, vodka, and red wine. The single test dose of
      cognac, scotch, and tequila elicited responding different from that of the
      training dose of ethanol. Thus, the pharmacological effects of ethanolic
      beverages containing the same dose of ethanol (1600 mg/kg) may be noticeably
      different to some subjects. Blood levels of ethanol produced by the different
      beverages may be an important variable. There was no differential effect of the
      beverages upon free-feeding behavior of the monkeys at the time of testing.
      Ethanol preference tests conducted at the end of the study (i.e., after nearly 2
      years of drug discrimination training) indicated that the assignment of ethanol
      as the condition under which food pellets were available (SD condition)
      moderately increased the ethanol preference of those subjects as compared to
      monkeys for whom ethanol had served as the S delta condition.

PMID- 6812141
TI  - Prevention of the serotonin syndrome in rats by repeated administration of
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors but not tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - The serotonin syndrome, a behavioral response produced by the activation of
      serotonin receptors, and 3H-serotonin binding were examined after repeated
      treatment of rats with different types of antidepressant drugs. The serotonin
      syndrome was produced by the direct-acting serotonin receptor agonists 5-methoxy
      N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeDMT) or d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Repeated,
      but not acute treatment of rats with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (nialamide,
      pargyline, and phenelzine) prevented the serotonin syndrome in response to either
      5-MeDMT or LSD and also reduced 3H-serotonin binding in the brain stem and spinal
      cord. Pretreatment of rats with p-chlorophenylalanine blocked the ability of
      nialamide treatment to inhibit the serotonin syndrome caused by 5-MeDMT. By
      contrast, neither the serotonin syndrome or 3H-serotonin binding was affected
      significantly by the repeated administration of tricyclic antidepressants
      (amitriptyline, desmethylimipramine, and chlorimipramine) or iprindole. Repeated
      monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatments may prevent the serotonin syndrome by
      causing a reduction of 3H-serotonin receptor binding sites in the brain stem
      and/or spinal cord.

PMID- 6812144
TI  - Serotonin precursor effects in tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the role of serotoninergic mechanisms in the
      pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia, the serotonin precursor 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) with carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor,
      were given in a double-blind crossover design to seven patients with longstanding
      tardive dyskinesia. In the five patients who completed the study, there was no
      change in dyskinetic movements. Most of the patients had worsening of psychotic
      symptoms with 5HTP. The data suggest that serotonin precursors have no
      therapeutic effects in tardive dyskinesia. The implications for the role of
      serotonin in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia are discussed.

PMID- 6812145
TI  - Blood noradrenaline and 5-HT levels in depressed women during amitriptyline or
      lithium treatment.
AB  - Noradrenaline levels and platelet and free serotonin concentrations were studied
      in depressed women in-patients (n=78) before and during amitriptyline (n=41) or
      lithium treatment (n=37). Pronounced monthly differences in platelet serotonin
      level have been shown in these subjects before treatment. In all clinical
      subgroups (neurotic, involutional, manic-depressive patients) a significant fall
      in platelet serotonin level was observed with amitriptyline medication while an
      increase was noted with lithium. No significant correlations between serotonin
      concentrations and clinical outcome were found. Amitriptyline treatment also
      produced a decrease in peripheral noradrenaline concentration in all subgroups,
      while an increase was observed with lithium. Some correlations between
      noradrenaline level and degree of depression were noted in patients treated with
      amitriptyline or lithium. A more extended analysis of blood amine levels could
      supply meaningful information on the peripheral action of antidepressive drugs on
      noradrenaline and serotonin concentrations in depression.

PMID- 6812146
TI  - Low-level continuous amphetamine administration selectively increases alcohol
      consumption.
AB  - Rats dramatically increased alcohol preference following the subcutaneous
      implantation of slow-release d-amphetamine pellets, so long as access to ethanol
      was withheld during the initial 6 days after pellet implantation. This increased
      ethanol preference was not due to a conditioned flavor aversion, nor to increased
      caloric intake, nor to alcohol deprivation. d-Amphetamine must be administered in
      a continuous fashion in order to obtain this effect, for daily injections of the
      same amount of the drug did not increase ethanol intake. This increased ethanol
      preference is interpreted as self-medication. This effect may provide a new
      animal model for the tension-reduction theory of ethanol intake.

PMID- 6812143
TI  - The effect of intravenous L-tryptophan on prolactin and growth hormone and mood
      in healthy subjects.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of increased central nervous system serotonergic
      function in humans on prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and mood, intravenous
      L-tryptophan (TRP) was administered to ten healthy subjects. The TRP infusion
      induced robust increases in PRL in all ten subjects. A significant increase in GH
      concentration was also observed, although the response was more variable. The
      subjects reported feeling significantly more high, mellow, and drowsy following
      the TRP infusion in comparison to placebo. These findings indicate an important
      role for serotonin in PRL and GH secretion, as well as in mood regulation. The
      intravenous TRP challenge may be of use in the study of serotonergic function in
      a variety of neurologic and psychiatric diseases.

PMID- 6812148
TI  - Influence of ethanol on contrast in consummatory behavior.
AB  - Negative contrast that occurs when rats are shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose was
      reduced by IP injections of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) on postshift day 2, but not on
      postshift day 1. Smaller doses (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) were ineffective, while larger
      doses (1.5 and 2 g/kg) produced sedation. A dose of 0.75 g/kg had effects similar
      to the 1.0 g/kg dose when administered on post-shift day 2. These results
      parallel those obtained with chlordiazepoxide and differ somewhat from
      amobarbital treatment.

PMID- 6812147
TI  - A possible olfactory component in the effects of diazepam on social behavior of
      mice.
AB  - The means by which diazepam alters the social behavior of male LAC mice was
      investigated by analyzing 6-min dyadic social encounters between untreated,
      individually housed resident males and experimentally manipulated, group-housed
      intruders. Experiment 1 showed that at 24h and particularly 14 days after access
      to 0.125 mM diazepam solution, drugged intruders were attacked more when placed
      into a resident's home cage than were intruders receiving vehicle. After 24h, but
      not 14 days of treatment, drugged intruders performed fewer elements of static
      flight. However, on both occasions they showed proportionally less flight
      behavior relative to the amount of aggression residents directed towards them. In
      experiment 2, intruders marked with mouse urine taken from donors which had
      ingested the 0.125 mM diazepam solution for 24 h were attacked considerably more
      by residents than were intruders marked with water or normal mouse urine. Urine
      samples taken after 14 days of drug treatment evoked additional increases in
      sexual and investigatory elements in unmarked residents. The results show that,
      in pairs of mice, the rise in aggression associated with sustained diazepam
      treatment, unlike the changes in flight, arises indirectly and probably through a
      drug-induced change in the olfactory properties of mouse urine.

PMID- 6812149
TI  - Radial maze as a tool for assessing the effect of drugs on the working memory of
      rats.
AB  - The effect of physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg), scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg), d,l-amphetamine
      (1 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg), and piracetam (100 mg/kg) on working memory
      was examined in 12 rats that were highly overtrained in the radial maze. In
      experiment 1, drugs administered 10 min before the trial did not worsen
      performance of rats in the 12-arm maze. In experiment 2, insertion of a 5-min
      delay between the sixth and seventh choices increased the number of errors over
      choices 7-12. Performance was unaffected by pretreatment with physostigmine or
      apomorphine, but was significantly impaired by scopolamine, amphetamine, and
      piracetam. In experiment 3, performed in a 24-arm maze, the number of errors and
      trial duration increased, but performance was not decreased by amphetamine or
      piracetam. It is concluded that the uninterrupted radial maze task is relatively
      resistant to pharmacological disruption, but that scopolamine, amphetamine, and
      piracetam enhance the effect of stimuli interfering with the storage of spatial
      information over delays.

PMID- 6812150
TI  - Oral behaviour induced by intranigral muscimol is unaffected by haloperidol but
      abolished by large lesions of superior colliculus.
AB  - It has been suggested that the GAbAergic striatonigral projection may form part
      of the efferent pathway responsible for the expression of dopamine-related oral
      behaviour. Consistent with this suggestion are reports that bilateral injection
      of the GABA agonist muscimol can produce stereotyped gnawing and biting. We
      report here two experiments on this effect: (1) A dose of the dopamine receptor
      blocker haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg), which effectively antagonised oral stereotypy
      induced by systemically administered apomorphine or intranigral carbachol, had no
      effect on either the latency or the intensity of the gnawing produced by
      intranigral muscimol (1 nM); (2) large lesions involving the superior colliculus
      which effectively suppressed the oral stereotypy induced by 8 mg/kg apomorphine
      completely abolished the gnawing induced by intranigral injection of muscimol.
      Collicular lesions suppressed both the gnawing which occurred spontaneously and
      that elicited by a perioral probe. These findings are consistent with the view
      that the substantia nigra is a relay station between the caudate nucleus and the
      superior colliculus in an efferent pathway mediating dopamine-related oral
      behaviour. In addition, they raise the possibility that such behaviour is
      produced by the sensitisation of a collicular-mediated perioral reflex.

PMID- 6812151
TI  - Changes in ambulatory activities and muscle relaxation in rats after repeated
      doses of diazepam.
AB  - Changes in rat ambulatory activity and muscle tone after diazepam treatments
      (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg orally) were compared under single and repeated (for 2,
      4, 7, and 14 days) administration schedules. Ambulatory activity in the open
      field test was enhanced by a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and reduced by 20 mg/kg.
      However, after all repeated treatment schedules, diazepam resulted in dose
      dependent elevations of activity. Even with a treatment period of only 2 days, 20
      mg/kg diazepam produced a marked increase in ambulation, which became more
      conspicuous with increases in the treatment periods. Acutely administered
      diazepam produced a dose-dependent reduction in muscle tone, but tolerance was
      noted to this effect during repeated administrations. Thus, time- and dose
      dependent increases in ambulation during repeated treatments with diazepam can be
      partially explained by time-dependent tolerance development to its muscle
      relaxant effects. The enhancement in ambulation after short-term repetitive
      dosings of benzodiazepines can be used as a simple indicator for detecting their
      disinhibitory potentials.

PMID- 6812152
TI  - Effect of disulfiram in combination with L-tryptophan and lithium on
      pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure.
AB  - Disulfiram prolonged the latency to clonic seizure caused by pentylenetetrazol
      (PTZ, 100 mg/kg SC). The effect of disulfiram was augmented by combination with
      tryptophan plus lithium, although neither tryptophan or lithium prolonged the
      latency to clonic seizure. The latency to tonic seizure was also prolonged in
      disulfiram-treated animals in parallel with the prolongation of the latency to
      clonic seizure. Lithium treatment completely prevented the incidence of tonic
      seizure, while this effect was cancelled in disulfiram-treated animals.
      Disulfiram acts on the clonic and tonic seizures in different ways.

PMID- 6812153
TI  - Dyspnea proneness to CO2 stimulation and personality (neuroticism, extraversion,
      MMPI factors).
AB  - The relationship between extroversion (E), MMPI factors on the one hand and the
      ventilatory response to CO2 on the other was examined in order to extend and
      clarify earlier studies. 30 male nonsmokers were studied using the method of Read
      (delta VE/PaCO2 as index of readiness to react with dyspnea upon CO2
      stimulation). Extroversion (E) and neuroticism (N) was assessed by the Eysenck
      Personality Test. The panic-fear (PF) and the ego-strength (Es) scales were
      extracted from the MMPI. The correlation between E, N, MMPI values and delta
      VE/PaCO2 was measured with Pearson's correlation. Reliability between the first
      and second respiratory test was obvious, r = 0.66 (p less than 0.001). The
      correlation between the psychological parameters and the readiness to respond to
      CO2 was very low in the first test. In the second test, the r for
      hypochondriasis, depression and PF was 0.25, 0.28 and 0.29, respectively (p less
      than 0.1; 2-tailed), for N the r was 0.33, for psychastheny 0.33, and for Es 
      0.40 (all p less than 0.05). In agreement with Saunders and co-workers, we found
      no correlation for E. Our results indicate that readiness to react to CO2 is
      related to anxiety (positive correlations for N, Hs, Pt and PF, and negative for
      Es). This corresponds to clinical observations.

PMID- 6812154
TI  - Cardiovascular and subjective responses to inhalation of carbon dioxide. A
      controlled test with anxious patients.
AB  - Cardiovascular and subjective responses to inhalation of a 35% CO2 mixture were
      studied in a sample of anxious neurotics. Inhalation of air was used as a placebo
      control treatment. In comparison with the inhalation of air, CO2 produced a
      significant drop in diastolic blood pressure. A drop in heart rate frequency was
      observed both after inhalation of CO2 and air. CO2 inhalation did not produce an
      average decline in subjective feelings of distress. Explanations of these data
      are offered and they are compared with earlier findings. Some speculations are
      made on the clinical usefulness of CO2 inhalation in the treatment of anxious
      neurotics.

PMID- 6812155
TI  - Cyclic migraine: a disorder responsive to lithium carbonate.

PMID- 6812156
TI  - [Radiation-induced shortening of the lifespan of D. melanogaster. 2. Sensitizing
      effect of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine].

PMID- 6812157
TI  - Ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the assessment of biliary
      enteric anastomoses.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with surgical diversion of the biliary tract were serially
      studied with ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-HIDA or
      99mTc-disofenin. Refluxed biliary air resulted in nondiagnostic sonograms in 14%
      of cases. Persistent postoperative dilatation was present in five patients (22%).
      Scintigraphy allowed differentiation of biliary dilatation with obstruction from
      nonobstructed dilatation. By coordinating the noninvasive imaging results, those
      patients requiring study using direct injection of contrast material may be
      selected.

PMID- 6812158
TI  - Indium-111 tropolone, a new tracer for platelet labeling.
AB  - Platelets have been labeled with a new neutral, lipid-soluble metal complex of
      indium 111 (111In) and tropolone. Unlike oxine, which is soluble in ethyl
      alcohol, tropolone is soluble in isotonic saline. Platelet labeling with 111In
      tropolone can be performed in both acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) plasma and ACD
      saline within two hours. Labeling efficiency has been 80% to 90%. 111In tropolone
      in ACD saline and ACD plasma at tropolone concentrations of 5 and 10
      micrograms/ml, respectively, and incubation of the platelets with the tracer at
      room temperature for 20 minutes were optimal conditions for labeling. The authors
      have developed an ACD-saline kit for convenient preparation of 111In-labeled
      platelets. No adverse effect of 111In tropolone on platelets has been observed in
      studies of biodistribution, recovery, and survival of platelets in rabbits and
      dogs.

PMID- 6812159
TI  - Characterization of radiation-induced photopenic abnormalities on bone scans.
AB  - Photopenic abnormalities induced by radiation therapy are important to recognize
      on bone scans, since they often affect longitudinal or lateral symmetry. This
      phenomenon was studied in 43 patients treated through 67 ports (including the
      axial skeleton). Bone doses spanned 450-6,700 R (mean +/- S.D. = 3,600 +/- 1,700
      R), and the interval from the midpoint of therapy to the time of the scan was 1
      19 months. Photopenic defects appeared between 4 and 6 months after therapy. Of
      20 patients (31 ports) studied more than 4 months after therapy, 14 (45%) had
      such defects. None was detected in regions receiving less than 2,000 R. The
      authors conclude that knowledge of a patient's radiotherapy history is an
      important prerequisite to interpretation of subsequent bone scans.

PMID- 6812160
TI  - The changing role of external-beam irradiation in the management of malignant
      tumors of the major salivary glands.
AB  - Postoperative irradiation reduces the local recurrence rate for malignant
      salivary gland tumors. Less extensive surgery followed by immediate radiotherapy
      is possible without decreasing local control; moreover, cosmetic appearance and
      physiological function are preserved. Local tumor control was achieved in 16 out
      of 17 patients without gross tumor using a dose of 6,000 rad/6 wk. Combined
      photon and electron beams give better cosmetic and functional results than either
      modality alone. Irradiation with greater than or equal to 7,000 rad should be
      employed in unresectable cases and may effect tumor control.

PMID- 6812161
TI  - A modified method for labeling human platelets with indium-111 oxine using
      albumin density-gradient separation.

PMID- 6812162
TI  - Study on the effect of superoxide dismutase on arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - The effect of orgotein, the drug version of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, on
      PG production by phagocytosing leukocytes has been investigated. Orgotein
      inhibited PG formation in a dose/dependent manner. Arachidonic acid was able to
      reverse this inhibitory effect. In the light of these results it is suggested
      that anti-inflammatory properties of orgotein may depend, at least in part, on
      the inhibition of phospholipase activation.

PMID- 6812163
TI  - Aspirin inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism via lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase
      in hamster isolated lungs.
AB  - The effect of aspirin on the fate of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was
      investigated in isolated perfused lungs of female hamsters. During pulmonary
      infusion of aspirin (10 microM, 100 microM, or 1 mM) 45 nmol of 14C-AA was
      infused in two minutes into the pulmonary circulation. The nonrecirculating
      perfusion effluent was collected for 6 minutes after the beginning of the AA
      infusion. Arachidonate infusion increased the perfusion pressure. This pressor
      response was completely abolished by 1 mM aspirin. When aspirin was infused into
      the pulmonary circulation, the amount of radioactivity was increased in the
      perfused lungs and decreased dose dependently in the nonrecirculating perfusion
      effluent. The amount of unmetabolized free arachidonate was not changed
      significantly by aspirin in the perfused lungs or in the perfusion effluent. In
      the effluent the amounts of all arachidonate metabolites, which were extracted
      with ethyl acetate first at pH 7.4 and then at pH 3.5 and analysed by thin layer
      chromatography, were decreased quite similarly by aspirin. The formation of
      arachidonate metabolites was completely inhibited by 1 mM aspirin. In the
      perfused lung tissue the amount of 14C-AA was increased by aspirin in
      phospholipids and neutral lipids. The present study indicates that the metabolism
      of arachidonic acid is inhibited by aspirin in hamster lungs not only via cyclo
      oxygenase but also via other lipoxygenases.

PMID- 6812164
TI  - Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on fatty acid cyclooxygenase and
      prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activities.

PMID- 6812165
TI  - 6,9-deepoxy-6,9,-(phenylimino)-delta 6,8-prostaglandin I1, (U-60,257), a new
      inhibitor of leukotriene C and D synthesis: in vitro studies.
AB  - Addition of the calcium inophore, A 23187, and cysteine to isolated mononuclear
      cells from rat peritoneal washings causes a marked increase in the formation of
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) along with the formation of leukotrienes C and D (LT's).
      The formation of LT's in this system was inhibited by 6,9-deepoxy-6,9
      (phenylimino)-delta 6,8-prostaglandin I1, U-60,257, or its methyl ester, U
      56,467, (ID50 4.6 and 0.31 microM, respectively). There was no inhibition of TxB2
      formation. By contrast, two structurally-related compounds, PGI2 and its stable
      analog, 6-beta-PGI1, did not affect the formation of either LT's or TxB2. The
      inhibition of LT formation by U-60,257 was rapidly reversed after removal of this
      compound from the cells. U-60,257 did not inhibit the cyclooxygenase of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nor did it inhibit formation of 12-L-hydroxy
      5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in human platelets. On the other hand,
      U-60,257 inhibited glutathione S-transferase activity of rat basophil leukemia
      cells (ID50, 37 microM), suggesting that this compound may inhibit the last step
      in LTC biosynthesis. In addition to inhibiting LT synthesis, U-60,257 also
      appears to be a competitive inhibitor of the action of LT on the guinea pig
      ileum, although this inhibition requires a higher drug concentration than those
      ordinarily encountered during assay for LT's in U-60,257-treated incubations.

PMID- 6812166
TI  - Indomethacin prevents the long-lasting inhibitory effect of aspirin on human
      platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity.
AB  - Aspirin and indomethacin do interact with the same site on cyclo-oxygenase. This
      suggestion is based on in vitro studies on ram seminal vesicles and in vivo drug
      interaction studies on rat platelets. The purpose of the present study was to
      ascertain whether the same interaction also occurred after administration of both
      drugs to human volunteers. Platelet aggregation induced by sodium arachidonate or
      by collagen, and formation of platelet MDA and TxB2 were measured before, two and
      48 hours after ingestion of either indomethacin (50 mg) or aspirin (500 mg) or of
      both drugs (30 minutes apart). While the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on
      these parameters was short lasting, that of aspirin persisted for at least 48
      hours. However, when both drugs were given concurrently, the long-lasting effect
      of aspirin was no longer detectable. Since competition at levels other than
      platelets was unlikely, this study indicates that indomethacin and aspirin
      inhibit human platelet cyclo-oxygenase by the same basic mechanism. Acetylation
      of the enzyme appears to be a secondary mechanism which makes the inhibitory
      effect of aspirin persistent.

PMID- 6812167
TI  - Aspirin inhibits rat megakaryocyte thromboxane synthesis.
AB  - This study examines the question of whether the aspirin-induced delay in the
      recovery of platelet cyclooxygenase pathway activity, as measured by RIA of
      thromboxane B2, results from a direct effect on megakaryocyte cycloxygenase. From
      our measurement of recovery of TXB2 and information on megakaryocyte transit time
      in rats, we propose that thromboxane synthesis may represent a relatively late
      step in the differentiation of megakaryocytes. Megakaryocyte thromboxane
      production was depressed by 70% and that of platelets by 85% at two hr after 20
      mg/kg oral aspirin dissolved in DMSO. Full megakaryocyte thromboxane recovery
      occurred by 72 hr and preceded complete platelet thromboxane recovery by 24 hr.
      Whereas megakaryocyte thromboxane synthesis showed substantial recovery by 36 hr
      after aspirin, platelet recovery did not begin for 24 hr and achieved a maximal
      recovery rate over the following 12 hr. This finding is consistent with
      predictions based upon human data for both megakaryocyte labeling studies and pot
      aspirin platelet recovery. We conclude from our data and from estimates of
      megakaryocyte maturation times in marrow, that thromboxane synthesis develops in
      rat megakaryocytes after approximately 48 hr of cytoplasmic differentiation
      toward platelet shedding. This metabolic capacity therefore serves as a marker of
      megakaryocyte differentiation.

PMID- 6812168
TI  - The use of prostacyclin in the separation from plasma and washing of human
      platelets.
AB  - A new method for the separation from plasma and washing of human platelets is
      described. The use of prostacyclin (PGI2) throughout the procedure prevents the
      activation of platelets. The method allows a 60-70% yield of platelets from PRP.
      The platelet sensitivity to ADP, collagen, adrenaline, arachidonic acid and
      thrombin is the same as in PRP. The platelet suspension is stable for long
      periods and the reactivity to aggregating agents remains unchanged for periods
      greater than 48 h when platelets are stored at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 6812169
TI  - Prostaglandin generation from gastroduodenal mucosa: regional and species
      differences.
AB  - Regional and species differences in prostaglandin synthesis from gastroduodenal
      mucosa were assessed radiometrically. In the presence of excess added arachidonic
      acid substrate, corporal mucosa generated more prostanoid product per DNA than
      did antral or duodenal mucosa whether the whole homogenate or the microsomal
      fraction was used as an enzyme source. This appeared to be secondary to
      variability in cyclooxygenase activity and could not be explained by regional
      differences in the activity of enzymes competing for arachidonic acid substrate,
      in free endogenous arachidonic acid levels, in prostaglandin catabolizing
      activity, or in homogenate inhibitors. The qualitative product profile differed
      between species but not between regions within a species.

PMID- 6812170
TI  - Depside as potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis: a new active site
      model for fatty acid cyclooxygenase.
AB  - Forty depsides and depsidones, the esters of phenolcarboxylic acids, were
      examined for their inhibitory effect against prostaglandin biosynthesis with
      rabbit renal microsomes. 4-0-Methylcryptochlorophaeic acid was the most active
      inhibitor so far tested and its IC50 value was 0.34 muM. Kinetic investigation
      has shown that this depside acts competitively with respect to arachidonic acid
      as most of the non - steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. X-Ray analysis has
      revealed that 4-0-methylcryptochlorophaeic acid maintains its rigid conformation
      by forming a strong hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl and methoxyl groups.
      Comparison of CPK models between 4-0-methylcryptochlorophaeic acid and non
      steroidal antiinflammatory drugs revealed that the carboxyl group and the two
      rings of these drugs are almost superimposable to those of the depside. This
      finding led us to propose a new active site model based on the three dimentional
      structure of the depside.

PMID- 6812171
TI  - Aggregation and thromboxane formation by platelets and vascular prostacyclin
      production from BB rats. An animal model for type I diabetes.

PMID- 6812172
TI  - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the Microcult-GC miniature medium for the
      culture diagnosis of gonorrhea].

PMID- 6812173
TI  - [Pelviscopy under epidural and general anaesthesia. Comparison of two methods].
AB  - The effects of 2 methods of anaesthesia for gynaecological pelviscopic
      examinations were compared. For this purpose 28 patients were divided into 2
      equal groups (A and B). The patients of group A received a general anaesthetic
      with intubation, relaxation tic was administered. The patients of group B
      received an epidural anaesthetic block and were allowed to breathe room air
      spontaneously. During the procedure the cardiovascular system and changes of
      blood-gases were observed and recorded. No statistically significant differences
      in pulse rate and blood pressure between the two groups were found. Blood gases
      taken prior to anaesthesia and at the end of the procedure revealed a
      statistically significant decline of the pH. The increase in pCO2 in both groups
      as well as the rise in base excess in group A were significant. There was no
      significant difference between both groups. Because of the limited number of
      cases the statistical results have to be regarded with reservation. No
      anaesthetic complications occurred. The results show that epidural anaesthesia
      represents a true alternative to general anaesthesia.

PMID- 6812174
TI  - [Prolactin and growth hormone in cirrhotic patients with and without physical
      signs of feminization].

PMID- 6812176
TI  - [Ergotamine poisoning. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 6812175
TI  - [Behavior of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6812177
TI  - [Double acidosis. Significance and considerations].

PMID- 6812180
TI  - Insulin mediators and their control of metabolism through protein
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 6812178
TI  - [Surgery of duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6812179
TI  - Characterization of the FSH-suppressing activity in follicular fluid.

PMID- 6812181
TI  - Bicarbonate concentrations in the renal cortex.
AB  - Total CO2 (CO2+HCO3-) was measured in alkaline extracts of quickly frozen rat
      renal cortex. The mean concentration calculated for tissue water was 18.7 +/- SD
      1.6 mEq/l (n = 10) when that measured in plasma water was 23.5 +/- 1.7. In other
      experiments (n = 6-10), the mean concentration in tissue water increased to 28.3
      mEq/l after the animals were treated with benzolamide to inhibit carbonic
      anhydrase and to 38.1 mEq/l after they were infused with NaHCO3. On the other
      hand, the tissue concentration decreased to 14-15 mEq/l when they were
      hyperventilated or infused with HCl. Calculations based on published
      micropuncture data indicate that the usual intracellular concentration is 20-25
      mEq/l or about twice that usually reported for skeletal muscle; and in contrast
      to muscle, the findings are suggestive of large variations in metabolic
      disorders.

PMID- 6812182
TI  - Plasma bicarbonate and CO2 tension.
AB  - The relation between plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]) and CO2 tension
      (PCO2) in normal subjects was studied by Madias et al. They calculated these
      values from measurements of plasma total CO2 content and blood pH using the
      Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. We calculated the relation between [HCO3-] and
      PCO2 using values obtained not from measurements, but from total CO2 and pH
      values chosen either randomly or uniformly within the range found by Madias et
      al. Both approaches yielded relations between [HCO3-] and PCO2 very similar to
      those found by Madias et al. Our findings indicate that the equation relating
      those variables depends mainly on the ranges of total CO2 and pH values, and how
      [HCO3-] and PCO2 are inherently related by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
      Therefore, the mathematical relation between those variables should not be used
      to draw inferences about the physiological processes that relate them.

PMID- 6812183
TI  - Enhanced hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 by pretreatment of rats with ethanol.
AB  - Hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg i.p.) as determined by plasma
      enzyme activities (GPT and GOT), liver triglycerides and histopathologic changes
      was enhanced in rats pretreated with four oral doses of ethanol (4.0 g/kg each)
      at 48, 45, 24 and 21 hrs prior to aflatoxin B1 administration. Pretreatment with
      ethanol (4.0 g/kg) slightly increased liver weight without changing hepatic
      microsomal protein contents. Also it caused an increase in microsomal aniline
      hydroxylase but a decrease in p-nitroanisole-o-demethylase, 48 hrs after the
      first ethanol dose. In the rats pretreated with ethanol, aflatoxin B1 was
      metabolized at a higher extent to aflatoxins M1 and Q1. These results suggest
      that an increased hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 after pretreatment with ethanol
      may presumably due to an increase in microsomal formation of active aflatoxin B1
      metabolite.

PMID- 6812185
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate mixture (blasting oil) on
      rat brain, liver and kidney.
AB  - Rats were injected intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) with a mixture of nitroglycerin
      and ethylene glycol dinitrate (1:3). Treatment caused a transient small increase
      in methemoglobin contents in blood and diminished contents of reduced glutathione
      in liver and brain. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration and ethoxycoumarin
      deethylase activity decreased shortly after exposure but later the effect
      disappeared. Succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased in liver, kidney and
      brain. In brain, activity of creatine kinase increased significantly and slight
      increase in hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase and epoxide hydrolase activity was
      observed. Renal ethoxycoumarin activity increased transiently. The results point
      to interaction of hydrolytically released nitrite with hemoproteins.

PMID- 6812186
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of gold sodium thiomalate.
AB  - Two normal males participated in a study designed to examine the disposition of
      gold given intravenously and intramuscularly as gold sodium thiomalate. Blood
      samples were collected for 30 days, urine and feces for ten. A triphasic decay
      pattern in plasma gold concentrations was observed. Terminal log-linear phases
      corresponded to a mean disposition half-life of 12.5 days. Absolute
      bioavailability of IM gold sodium thiomalate appears to be variable with one
      subject having complete absorption and the other absorbing 64% of the
      administered IM dose. The major route of elimination of an IV dose of gold sodium
      thiomalate is urinary excretion, with a mean of 35% of the dose found in the
      urine in ten days. Fecal elimination accounts for an additional 9.4% of the IV
      dose excreted in ten days, probably as a result of biliary secretion.

PMID- 6812184
TI  - Effect of senescence on the bioactivation of aliphatic halides.
AB  - Since the toxicity of xenobiotics is often related to their metabolism, this
      study was concerned with the relationship between aging and the bioactivation and
      covalent binding of certain aliphatic halides to microsomal protein and lipid.
      Hepatic microsomes were isolated from control and phenobarbital induced young (4
      mo), adult (11 mo) and senescent (27 mo) Fischer 344 rats. Bioactivation and
      subsequent covalent binding were studied with 14C-labeled 1,2-dibromoethane,
      carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane. With
      control rats, levels of binding increased slightly between 4 and 11 mo; however
      the values decreased 50-75% in the 27 mo group compared to the 11 mo group. No
      significant differences were noted between phenobarbital induced groups with
      regards to bioactivation of the aliphatic halides and their covalent binding to
      proteins and lipids. As an explanation for the decreased bioactivation ability in
      the senescent rats, they were also found to have significantly less hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 (-35%), NADPH cytochrome C reductase (-31%), and ethyl-morphine
      N-demethylase activity (-43%) when compared to the 11 mo age group. These
      differences were reduced when comparisons were made between the various age
      groups of phenobarbital induced animals. This suppression may indicate a
      decreased potential for the expression of toxicities requiring bioactivation.

PMID- 6812187
TI  - Drug metabolism in a reconstituted system by diabetes-dependent hepatic
      cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that diabetes induces a unique 52,000 molecular
      weight cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatic microsomes. In the present study, the
      catalytic properties of the two major purified diabetic P-450s were contrasted to
      those of the major normal purified P-450 in a reconstituted drug metabolizing
      system. the greatest rate of aniline hydroxylation was catalyzed by the 52,000
      molecular weight diabetic P-450 (7-fold greater than normal). This same diabetic
      P-450 also catalyzed a slower rate of ethylmorphine N-demethylation compared to
      the major normal and the other diabetic P-450. These results indicate that the
      catalytic properties of this diabetes-dependent P-450 are responsible for the
      substrate-specific alterations in drug metabolism observed in both liver
      microsomes and isolated perfused liver from diabetic rats.

PMID- 6812188
TI  - Cutaneous O2 and CO2 exchanges in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula.
AB  - Total and cutaneous O2 and CO2 exchanges were studied in the unanesthetized,
      spinalectomized dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Total oxygen uptake and carbon
      dioxide output were measured with an open flow respirometer. Cutaneous fluxes of
      O2 and CO2 were determined on the tail, confined in the posterior compartment of
      a two-chambered respirometer, in normoxic conditions but under three different
      values of the transcutaneous Pco2 difference. Oxygen consumption and CO2
      production were measured on excised skin patches confined in known volumes of
      normoxic, normocapnic sea water. The cutaneous CO2 flux varied almost linearly
      with the transcutaneous Pco2 difference. In dogfish kept in normoxic, normocapnic
      sea water, extrabranchial exchanges of O2 and CO2 across the body surface
      amounted to less than 5% (O2) and 4% (CO2) of the total exchanges, and
      practically represented the intrinsic O2 consumption and CO2 production of the
      skin itself. Consequently, the net transcutaneous fluxes of O2 and CO2 can be
      considered as negligible in the normoxic, normocapnic dogfish. Transcutaneous CO2
      losses do not explain low values of Paco2 and gill exchange ratios previously
      observed in hyperoxic dogfish.

PMID- 6812189
TI  - Buffering and CO2 dissociation of body fluids in the pupa of the silkworm moth,
      Hyalophora cecropia.
AB  - To assess the extent of CO2 storage and the changes in the acid-base status that
      occur during intermittent CO2 excretion in insects, total CO2 content and pH were
      measured in whole body homogenates (= tissue homogenates) of Hyalophora cecropia
      pupae at various levels of Pco2 at 20 degrees C. The CO2 dissociation curve, i.e.
      plot of total CO2 content in tissue homogenates against Pco2 was nearly linear in
      the Pco2 range from 15 to 50 Torr, the mean slope being 0.138 mM . Torr-1. This
      value, which constitutes the effective CO2 solubility, was nearly three times the
      physical solubility in the tissue homogenate which averaged 0.053 mM . Torr-1.
      Plots of bicarbonate concentration in whole body tissue water against pH yielded
      an average buffer value of 75 mmol . pH-1 per kg tissue water. The high buffer
      value results in a small pH change, about 0.04 units, when Pco2 varies between 20
      and 45 Torr in the respiratory cycle. The absolute value of mean tissue pH at
      Pco2 = 30 Torr predicted from the buffer line, 6.57, agrees well with direct
      measurement in hemolymph samples.

PMID- 6812190
TI  - The initiation of pulmonary respiration in a bird embryo: blood and air cell gas
      tensions.
AB  - The gaseous stimuli for pipping and the initiation of pulmonary respiration were
      examined in th Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) by measuring blood
      gas tensions in the chorioallantoic vein and air cell gas tensions (Pao2 and
      Paco2) prior to and during the pipping process. External pipping (shell fracture)
      was the first observed pipping event and preceded internal pipping (penetration
      of air cell and initiation of pulmonary ventilation). This sequence of cracking
      the eggshell prior to the initiation of pulmonary respiration resulted in higher
      Pao2 and lower Paco2 values than the pre-pip air cell gas tensions. Pip-cracks in
      the shell allow greater diffusion than could normally be obtained across the
      intact eggshell. This also favors the establishment of large partial pressure
      gradients of O2 and CO2 across the chorioallantois, thereby improving gas
      exchange across the inner resistance barrier. The gaseous stimuli for pipping may
      be attenuated and thus favor the 5-6 day pip-to-hatch interval in this species.

PMID- 6812192
TI  - Dialysis-associated hepatitis in Edinburgh; 1969-1978.
AB  - In 1969-1970 there was a sharp outbreak of hepatitis associated with hemodialysis
      in two Edinburgh hospitals; mortality was 24% among renal patients and 31% in
      staff members. The epidemiology of the outbreak, the measures taken to control
      it, and the efforts made to exclude hepatitis B virus infections during an eight
      year period after the outbreak, were reviewed in the light of a retesting of
      stored specimens by modern diagnostic techniques for hepatitis A and B viruses.
      This review reveals that the outbreak involved some dual infections with both
      hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses and that the occurrence of two
      infections at once was probably related to the exceptional virulence of the
      outbreak. The review also reaffirms that the routine serotesting of renal
      patients and staff members and the dialysis of infected patients in a
      geographically separate isolation facility are effective methods of controlling
      the spread of hepatitis B virus in hemodialysis units.

PMID- 6812191
TI  - [Infusion of simple insulin in low doses in the management of diabetic
      ketoacidosis. Experience with 140 cases].

PMID- 6812193
TI  - Synergism and antagonism of parasitic diseases and malnutrition.
AB  - Malnutrition may appear to increase or decrease the severity of a parasitic
      disease, but the fundamental mechanisms that influence such synergistic or
      antagonistic relationship have yet to be identified. Several factors must be
      considered in an evaluation of possible synergistic or antagonistic
      relationships. They include the species and virulence of the parasite; the
      nutritional requirements of the parasite; the severity, duration, and type of
      malnutrition in the host; and lastly, the competence of immune mechanisms and
      other resistance factors in the host. Because the immune system may be impaired
      by malnutrition, fails to provide protection against most parasitic infections,
      and has a known propensity for producing harmful as well as beneficial responses,
      the immunological functions of the host are undoubtedly key indicators of whether
      malnutrition will cause an increase or a decrease in the severity f a parasitic
      disease.

PMID- 6812195
TI  - Intestinal physiology and parasitic diseases.
AB  - This paper reviews the major steps in alimentation, digestion, and absorption,
      which must be intact as a basis for normal nutrition, and discusses evidence
      relating parasitic infection in humans to effects on intestinal physiology.
      Parasites, with their ability to induce systemic toxicity and fever, to release
      active and toxic substances into the intestinal lumen, to compete for certain
      nutrients, to cause both functional and structural changes in the intestinal
      mucosa, and to stimulate hypermotility, which lessens the time available for
      digestion and absorption, can influence the alimentary process a almost every one
      of its steps. However, parasitic infection is likely to exert its most important
      impact at the very first step of the alimentary process, by adversely affecting
      the intake of food through any of a variety of mechanisms.

PMID- 6812194
TI  - Immune responses in parasitic diseases. Part A: general concepts.
AB  - Parasitic infections are incredibly varied and distinct in terms of interactions
      between hosts and pathogens as well as in complexity of life cycle, host range,
      vector or intermediary host requirements, forms of reproduction, and elicited
      response. A number of protozoan parasites are intracellular pathogens capable of
      surviving and multiplying within microbicidal cells such as macrophages. In
      contrast, nematodes generally do not multiply within the host, a trait that
      dramatically alters the epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic consequences of
      infection. Parasites have acquired apparently effective mechanisms for escape
      from normal host defenses and clearance. These mechanisms may be classified as
      antigenic mimicry, antigenic depletion, antigenic variation, immunologic
      indifference, immunologic diversion, and immunologic subversion. A determination
      of the importance and relevance of these subterfuges to parasitic infection in
      humans and to therapeutic or prophylactic strategies is of the utmost urgency.

PMID- 6812196
TI  - Malaria: nutritional implications.
AB  - Epidemiologic and immunologic factors determine the impact of malaria on the
      demography and economics of human communities. Where malaria is epidemiologically
      stable, its effects are most obvious in young children; adults, because of
      acquired immunity, are much less affected and remain an economically viable
      workforce. Where the disease is unstable, it affects all age groups and may
      incapacitate adults enough to impede food production seriously. Three areas are
      identified in which malaria may adversely affect host nutrition: low birth
      weight, the development of protein energy malnutrition, and the pathogenesis of
      anemia. The influence of host nutrition on malarial infections is considered. The
      view is expressed that, although deficiencies of some dietary factors may
      potentiate the resistance to malaria conferred by some genetic traits, there is
      as yet little convincing evidence that malnutritional states in humans materially
      enhance the severity or lethality of plasmodial infections.

PMID- 6812198
TI  - Interactions of parasitic diseases and nutrition: some policy implications.
AB  - The scientist's concern for precision in the use of information contrasts sharply
      with the policymaker's need to make decisions based on limited knowledge.
      Researchers should assist in the adaptation and presentation of their findings to
      meet policy requirements. Understanding of the policy process should reduce
      frustration about how information is used. Examples from the interaction of
      parasitic diseases and nutrition illustrate the limited but critical role of
      research findings in the determination of policies and related recommendations
      for action.

PMID- 6812197
TI  - Ascariasis: host-pathogen biology.
AB  - Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans.
      Daily global contamination of the soil by A. lumbricoides eggs is enormous
      (approximately 9 x 10(14) eggs/day). Physical factors, particularly temperature
      and moisture, are critical in determining the maturation of eggs to the infective
      stage and their survival. Transmission of the infection to humans, on the other
      hand, depends more on various socioeconomic factors. In theory, ascariasis is
      preventable; it is indeed on the way to disappearing completely in developed
      societies where there is a high standard of sanitation. Ascariasis remains a
      problem in developing countries, however, where methods of disposal of human
      excreta are inadequate. The intensity of invasion is regulated by specific and
      nonspecific responses of the host to migrating A. lumbricoides larvae. Whether or
      not ascariasis becomes symptomatic depends on the intensity of the infection, the
      nutritional and immunologic status of the host, and the possible complications
      that may arise. Host responses to A. lumbricoides are brisk during the larval
      migratory stage in which hypersensitivity reactions may become clinically
      manifest, whereas people are rather tolerant of intestinal infections with adult
      worms. The role of ascariasis in the prevalence of allergic asthma still remains
      unclear. Complications due to migration of adult worms into the biliary duct
      system and to intestinal obstructions are the major causes of acute morbidity and
      mortality in ascariasis.

PMID- 6812199
TI  - The treatment and control of parasitic diseases.
AB  - In many parts of world, transmission of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum can
      no longer be controlled by insecticides. Furthermore, this species has developed
      an amazing capacity for resistance to polyvalent drugs. The advent of new drugs
      and the possibility of developing a vaccine offer some hope for control of
      falciparum malaria. The fact that the spread of many parasitic diseases is
      promoted by contaminated water supplies resulting from inadequate waste disposal
      raises important questions about the relevance of current research. The control
      of some endemic infections, like Chagas' disease, would be better served by
      delivery of available technology than by improved science education. Discovery of
      means to promote self-help programs in rural communities will be an important
      aspect of research in disease control in the future.

PMID- 6812200
TI  - Host-pathogen interactions in experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease studied
      by the freeze-fracture technique.
AB  - The application of freeze-fracture and organ culture technology to the study of
      disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae provided a new perspective on host
      pathogen interactions. Structural variations of the M. pneumoniae membrane and
      alterations of the host cell membrane that are induced by this pathogen during
      experimental infection were observed. Study of freeze-fracture preparations of M.
      pneumoniae revealed the presence of numerous membrane-associated particles
      embedded in the inner aspect of the bimolecular leaflet. However, areas of the
      fractured membrane of cells sometimes had particle-free zones and/or blebs. These
      particle-free areas were sometimes closely aligned to host tracheal epithelium in
      organ culture. In addition, marked changes in the membrane integrity of the host
      epithelium during experimental infection were observed. Deterioration of luminal
      surface membranes and alterations in the distribution of ciliary intramembranous
      particles were frequently noted. Ciliary dysfunction was also suggested by
      observations of abnormally aligned and clumped adjacent cilia. These findings
      correlated well with biochemical data demonstrating altered host macromolecular
      synthesis and observations of ciliostasis during experimental M. pneumoniae
      infection.

PMID- 6812201
TI  - A review of the morphological and biochemical features of the attachment process
      in infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae must attach to respiratory tract cells to cause primary
      atypical pneumoniae. The attachment process involves a receptor site on the
      external membrane surface of the host cell and a specialized attachment tip on
      the mycoplasmal cells. Attachment to lung fibroblasts and ciliated tracheal
      explants is time dependent, with maxima reached in 45-90 min at 37 C. Attachment
      to ciliated cells is slower, apparently because of continuous ciliary motion.
      Normally, less than 10% of available mycoplasmas become cell associated in vitro,
      perhaps because the pathogen must be in a particular growth phase or because only
      a small fraction of the M. pneumoniae population has complete or effective
      attachment tips. Mycoplasmas that attach to host cells normally have the
      constricted attachment tip oriented toward the host cell surface. Mycoplasmas are
      oriented vertically in cultures of densely ciliated cells, but can lie
      horizontally alone--and in close apposition to--cell membranes of sparsely
      ciliated or nonciliated cells. The site to which M. pneumoniae attaches, a
      sialoglycoprotein, is readily inactivated by neuraminidase, partially sensitive
      to pronase, and resistant to trypsin. Purified glycoprotein extracts bind to M.
      pneumoniae.

PMID- 6812203
TI  - [Limitations in the use of enteral and parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6812202
TI  - Attachment of mycoplasmas to host cell membranes.
AB  - Pathogenic mycoplasmas rarely invade the tissues or bloodstream. Their adherence
      to epithelial cell surface, the first stage in disease, involves protein binding
      sites on the mycoplasmal cell membrane and receptors on the host cell membrane.
      Strong evidence indicates that Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      adhere with the aid of sialic acid residues on host cells, but the data do not
      preclude participation by other host-cell membrane components. Several studies
      indicate that these mycoplasmas adhere by blebs or terminal structures; others
      suggest that binding occurs via other cell areas. Scanning electron microscopy
      suggests tight interaction between these mycoplasmas and red blood cell
      membranes, causing imprints resembling those from interaction of viruses with red
      blood cells. Because sialoglycoproteins are major sites for attachment of M.
      pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium and red blood cells, glycophorin--the major
      sialoglycoprotein of human red blood cells--was the ligand used in affinity
      chromatography for isolation of the binding sites specific for sialic acid
      receptors from M. pneumoniae membranes solubilized by detergents. The fraction
      eluted with 0.2% sodium dodecylsulfate from the glycophorin-Sepharose column,
      highly enriched with two proteins, exhibited high binding capacity to glycophorin
      Sepharose beads and lower binding capacity to human red blood cells. The latter
      capacity was nearly abolished by glycophorin, but not by its hydrophobic moiety.

PMID- 6812204
TI  - [Natural infection of Akodon dolores, Thomas, 1916 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) by
      Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 6812206
TI  - [Optimal time for protein enrichment with free threonine].

PMID- 6812207
TI  - Comparative studies--quantified by Hjorth's NSD (normalized slope descriptors)
      method--of the paroxysmal electrographic manifestations of the petit mal and
      Radermecker type.

PMID- 6812205
TI  - [Sodium valproate in the treatment of epilepsy associated with acute intermittent
      porphyria].

PMID- 6812208
TI  - Interaction of homolateral epileptogenic foci located in the hypothalamus and
      mesial cortex, respectively.

PMID- 6812209
TI  - Hairy cell leukaemia occurring with an unrelated paraproteinaemia. A biochemical
      and immuno-electron microscopic study.
AB  - A detailed study is described of a case of hairy cell leukaemia, presenting with
      a serum paraprotein of an immunoglobulin (Ig) class different from that
      synthesised by the neoplastic cells. The case was unusual in its association with
      leukaemic arthropathy but ultrastructurally the hairy cells were typical. By
      immunofluorenscence and immuno-electron microscopy the neoplastic cells expressed
      IgA lambda both on the cell surface and intracellularly in the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, perinuclear space and Golgi apparatus. No Ig was observed in the
      ribosomal-lamellae complexes. These cells also synthesised and secreted Ig of
      class A lambda in culture. However the serum paraprotein was of class IgA chi and
      could not be attributed to an abnormal population of plasma cells in the bone
      marrow. There was no other evidence for myeloma and the IgA chi paraproteinaemia
      appeared to be benign, apparently unrelated to the neoplastic proliferation of
      hairy cells.

PMID- 6812211
TI  - Low antithrombin III in acute hepatic failure at term.

PMID- 6812210
TI  - 'Mu' heavy chain type 'non-excretory' myeloma.
AB  - An unusual case of 'non-excretory' myeloma is described in which, using
      immunofluorescence, only 'mu' heavy chains were detected in almost all bone
      marrow plasma-cell cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic light chains were completely lacking,
      and neither monoclonal whole immunoglobulin (Ig) nor free heavy nor light chains
      were detected in serum and urine, although the clinical and morphological
      features showed the classical pattern of myeloma. The possible mechanism which
      could play a role in the disturbance of the Ig-chain secretion observed in this
      case is discussed.

PMID- 6812212
TI  - Iron absorption in patients with chronic uraemia. A comparative study using whole
      body counting and red cell incorporation of radioiron.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of iron absorption
      calculated from the incorporation of radioiron into red cells (RCI), compared to
      measurement by the whole body counting technique (WBR). RCI of orally
      administered 59Fe, and absorption of 59Fe assessed by WBR were measured
      simultaneously in 53 chronic uraemic patients (16 nondialysed, 18 peritoneal
      dialysed, 19 haemodialysed), 14 renal transplanted patients with normal renal
      function, and 27 healthy subjects. In the majority of subjects RCI values were
      lower than corresponding WBR values, with mean red cell 59Fe utilization values
      (RCI/WBR ratio X 100) in the various groups from 78% to 93%. All groups
      demonstrated significant correlations between RCI and WBR with r values from
      0.963 to 0.996 (P less than 0.001). RCI was higher in patients with reduced
      marrow iron stores than in patients with adequate iron stores (P less than
      0.001), and was correlated both to plasma transferrin (r = 0.59, P less than
      0.001) and serum ferritin (r = -0.88, P less than 0.001). In all groups there was
      good accuracy of calculated iron absorption (from RCI) compared to 'true' iron
      absorption (by WBR) with r values from 0.963 to 0.995 (P less than 0.001). Iron
      absorption measurement based on red cell incorporation appears to be a practical
      and accurate alternative to whole body counting, both in healthy subjects and in
      patients with chronic uraemia.

PMID- 6812213
TI  - The effect of intranasal DDAVP on coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in normal
      persons.
AB  - DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) was administered intranasally to 20
      normal persons and blood was collected at various intervals up to 72 h. Plasma
      concentrations of VIII:C, VIIIR:Ag and fibrinolytic activity were increased by
      DDAVP with peak levels observed 1 h after the administration. Factors V, IX, XI,
      XII, XIII, P-APT time, platelets, platelet factor 3, P&P, AT III, alpha 2AP,
      fibrinogen and FDP were unchanged by the treatment. No side effects or changes in
      plasma Na or osmolality were observed. The present data demonstrate the
      selectivity of the effect of DDAVP on the coagulation system and points towards
      the possibility of using DDAVP in blood donors to increase plasma contents of
      factor VIII.

PMID- 6812214
TI  - Islet transplantation in mice differing in the I and S subregions of the H-2
      complex. Effects of presensitization with skin allografts.
AB  - Pancreatic islets from A.TH mice were transplanted into the spleen of
      streptozotocin (SZ)-diabetic A.TL mice. The two strains of mice are congenic
      inbred strains, differing only in the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex. The
      allogeneic islet grafts decreased blood glucose temporarily, but the islets were
      rejected after 21 +/- 7 days (mean +/- SD). The effect of skin presensitization
      was tested by giving both allogeneic and syngeneic skin grafts to each of a
      second set of A.TL mice before streptozotocin treatment and islet
      transplantation. The time course of rejection of the allogeneic islets in animals
      that received initial skin grafts was decreased to 8 +/- 3 days. In both skin
      presensitized and non-presensitized mice syngeneic islet grafts were able to
      restore normoglycaemia, even in animals that had previously rejected an islet
      allograft. These observations demonstrate that transplantation of pancreatic
      islet allografts across the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex is sufficient
      to induce rejection of the islets. The islet rejection was markedly accelerated
      by prior sensitization with allogeneic skin grafting. It is suggested that
      elements in allogeneic skin grafts serve as inducers of cytotoxic T-cell
      responses directed against gene products of the I and/or S subregions present on
      cells in the allogeneic islets.

PMID- 6812215
TI  - Contamination of urological wounds by aerobic bacteria. Transvesical
      prostatectomy used as a model.
AB  - The density of aerobic bacteria in the subcutaneous wound was quantified by the
      velvet pad rinse technique before (first stage) and after (second stage) opening
      of the bladder in 13 patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy. Six patients
      had bacteria in the urine preoperatively (group A) and the same bacteria were
      isolated from bladder puncture during the operation and during second stage.
      Seven patients (group B) had sterile urine preoperatively and the bacteria
      isolated during first and second stage were commensals of the skin and the upper
      respiratory tract. The bacterial density in group B was median 3.1 viable counts
      (v.c.) x 10(-1)/cm2 during first stage rising to median 4.7 v.c. x 10-1/cm2
      during second stage, while group A showed an increase from median 4.3 v.c. x 10(
      1)/cm2 during first stage to median 169,5 v.c. x 10(-1)/cm2 during second stage.
      The results of the study indicate the possibility of using selective antibiotic
      prophylaxis, with the relevant antibiotic for the bacteria isolated in the urine
      preoperatively, to reduce postoperative wound infection in urological surgery
      with opening of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 6812216
TI  - [The effect of arginine on metabolic process].

PMID- 6812217
TI  - [Inhibin].

PMID- 6812218
TI  - Destruction of Trypanosoma cruzi by Natural killer cells.
AB  - Mice infected with trypanosoma cruzi or stimulated with poly(inosinic.cytodylic
      acid) were found to possess splenic and peritoneal exudate cells with enhanced
      cytotoxic activity against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma
      cruzi. By use of specific alloantiserums it was determined that the effector
      cells responsible for this cytotoxic activity were typical natural killer cells.

PMID- 6812219
TI  - Color vision cells found in visual cortex.

PMID- 6812220
TI  - Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused
      acromegaly.
AB  - A 44 amino acid peptide with growth hormone-releasing activity has been isolated
      from a human tumor of the pancreas that had caused acromegaly. The primary
      structure of the tumor-derived peptide is H-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser
      Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala- Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg
      Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly -Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2. The synthetic
      replicate has full biological activity in vitro and in vivo specifically to
      stimulate the secretion of immunoreactive growth hormone. The tumor-derived
      peptide is identical in biological activity and similar in physiochemical
      properties to the still uncharacterized growth hormone-releasing factor present
      in extracts of hypothalamic tissues.

PMID- 6812222
TI  - Aerotolerance of common anaerobic bacteria--fact of fancy?

PMID- 6812221
TI  - A nonletter from the editor and a case for all seasons.

PMID- 6812223
TI  - Disseminated infection with Aspergillus flavus in an alcoholic patient.

PMID- 6812224
TI  - The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the care of epileptic patients.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs were measured in outpatients with a
      positive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. Dosage adjustments were based on
      pharmacokinetic principles to obtain optimal seizure control and drug
      utilization. By means of the sign test the decrease in the frequency of seizures
      was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0,00024), as was the decrease in
      the number of anti-epileptic drugs being used concurrently (P = 0,00098).
      Combined with judicious clinical observation, measurement of blood levels of
      antiepileptic drugs can contribute greatly to the successful management of the
      epileptic patient.

PMID- 6812225
TI  - Pre-operative nutritional support for patients with oesophageal cancer.

PMID- 6812226
TI  - [A protocol for the orthopaedic prophylaxis in the rehabilitation of
      haemarthrosis in haemophilia A ].

PMID- 6812227
TI  - [Interest of the continuous siphoning method in obtaining cryoprecipitates with
      higher factor VIII content. Comparison with the conventional and frozen
      centrifugation methods ].

PMID- 6812228
TI  - Non-A non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6812229
TI  - Association between microorganism growth at the catheter insertion site and
      colonization of the catheter in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Catheter-related sepsis is one of the major complications of total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) therapy. The relationship between microbial colonization of the
      skin at the site of catheter insertion and colonization of the central venous
      catheter was investigated in 74 catheters used to administer TPN therapy in 53
      patients. Semiquantitative culture specimens were obtained from the insertion
      site and intravascular and subcutaneous catheter segments at the time of catheter
      removal. Bacteria and/or fungi were recovered from 19 catheters and 19 insertion
      sites; of the 19 colonized catheters, 6 had sterile insertion sites. Organisms
      isolated from the remaining 13 catheters were isolated concurrently from the
      insertion site. Catheter-associated bacteremia or fungemia was observed in 10 of
      the 19 patients with colonized catheters. The association between colonization of
      catheters and the presence of more than 10(3) bacterial or fungal colony-forming
      units at the insertion site was significant (P less than 0.005). These results
      demonstrated that colonization of catheters by organisms present on the skin at
      the site of catheter insertion occurred twice as frequently as colonization by
      the hematogenous route. The results also suggested that colonization of catheters
      by organisms present at the insertion site occurred only after a threshold number
      of organisms was reached.

PMID- 6812230
TI  - Use of glycerol in peripheral parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Peripheral parenteral nutrition avoids the use of central lines and is a useful
      means of nutritional support for selected patients. Amino acids alone have been
      used for peripheral parenteral nutrition and have been shown to give near
      nitrogen equilibrium. The addition of small amounts of dextrose to amino acids
      further improves nitrogen balance, but at the expense of making the solutions
      unsterilizable and unstable by standard techniques. Glycerol is a nonprotein
      calorie source that can be autoclaved with amino acids and stored. Fasting
      patients about to undergo major abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to
      receive 3% amino acids with or without 3% glycerol. The solution was infused by
      peripheral vein for 5 days, starting the morning following surgery. Routine
      monitoring, blood tests, and nitrogen balance tests were performed during this
      time. No adverse reactions to either solution were encountered. Liver function
      tests, electrolytes, and hematologic values were similar in both groups. The
      cumulative nitrogen balance was better in the amino acid plus glycerol group (+5
      +/- 3.3 gm) than in the amino acid group (-9.7 +/- 3 gm) (P less than 0.02).
      Serum insulin levels were higher and serum free fatty acids lower in the amino
      acid plus glycerol group. Glycerol levels rose and plateaued by the third day in
      the amino acid plus glycerol patients. Amino acids plus glycerol is safe solution
      to administer by peripheral vein. The addition of glycerol improves nitrogen
      balance as compared to amino acids alone.

PMID- 6812231
TI  - Measurement of metabolism in multiple organ failure.
AB  - Despite the emphasis on surgical nutrition, clinical research and practice are
      usually based on gross estimation of caloric requirements and no specific
      knowledge of caloric balance. One reason for this is the difficulty of measuring
      O2 and CO2 exchange in critically ill patients. We designed a system for
      intensive care unit (ICU) bedside measurement of O2 consumption (VO2), CO2
      production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), and indirect calorimetry (E). We
      measured these variables daily in 57 surgical ICU patients at risk for multiple
      organ failure. Measured VO2 and E varied widely (+/- 40%) from estimated values.
      Seventeen patients had a cumulative negative balance of at least 10,000 calories;
      13 died. This caloric deficient was reversed by caloric intake in three of these
      patients; one died. Fifteen patients had positive caloric balance. Only four of
      these died, but the CO2 load produced by hypercaloric feeding created ventilator
      weaning problems in some patients. Ventilator weaning was facilitated by
      decreasing total calories and substituting fat for carbohydrate to reduce the RQ.
      The incidence of multiple organ failure was higher in patients with large caloric
      deficits, although cause and effect are not inferred. We conclude that
      respirometry and indirect calorimetry are helpful for management and essential
      for nutritional research.

PMID- 6812232
TI  - The effect of a new branched chain--enriched amino acid solution on postoperative
      catabolism.
AB  - Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may regulate muscle amino acid flux. Metabolic
      studies of both experimental animals and humans utilizing comparatively large
      amounts of BCAAs infused with hypocaloric glucose have shown that catabolism and
      proteolysis can be blunted. These studies suggested that the nitrogen-sparing
      properties of amino acid solutions used in postoperative trauma or sepsis might
      be improved by increasing the amount of BCAAs. This hypothesis was tested on ten
      patients undergoing operations of moderate severity utilizing a peripheral amino
      acid mixture with a branched-chain:non-branched-chain ratio of 45:55% given in 5%
      dextrose. The patients received 1.7 gm of protein equivalent/kg of ideal body
      weight in 5% dextrose-crystalloid solution with a concentration of 3.5% amino
      acids for the first 5 postoperative days. Nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine
      excretion, blood chemistries, and plasma amino acid profile tests were done
      daily. The results showed that nitrogen equilibrium was maintained for 5
      postoperative days without any untoward effects on patients, their surgical
      wounds, or hepatic function. Plasma amino acids showed no significant changes
      from baseline with the exception of elevations of the BCAAs. We conclude that
      this 45% BCAA-enriched solution may be safely administered to patients with
      postoperative traumatic injury and results in nitrogen equilibrium over a 5-day
      period.

PMID- 6812233
TI  - Rapid methods for isolation of human plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Simplified procedures have been developed for isolation of human plasma
      fibronectin by affinity chromatography on gelatin-agarose. In one method,
      fibronectin is eluted with 3 M urea, and this reagent is quickly removed by
      adsorbing the protein onto heparin-agarose, followed by 0.4 M NaCl elution. In a
      shorter process, fibronectin is eluted from gelatin-agarose simply by decreasing
      the buffer pH below 6. After lyophilization the purified protein can be readily
      dissolved in water. The fraction not adsorbed to gelatin can be used to purify
      other proteins, including factor VIII whose procoagulant activity is
      quantitatively recovered.

PMID- 6812234
TI  - Preparation of guinea pig antiserum to quantitate serum fragment D-dimer derived
      from crosslinked fibrin.

PMID- 6812235
TI  - The anticoagulant effect of chondroitin-4-sulfate.
AB  - Chondroitin-4-sulfate (chondroitin sulfate A, CSA) is a natural glycosaminoglycan
      which has been shown to have antithrombotic effects in vivo. This study
      investigates its anticoagulant effect in vitro. CSA was added to citrated plasma
      obtained from 16 human volunteers to yield concentrations ranging from 25 to 500
      micrograms/ml. The anticoagulant effect of CSA was determined by activated
      partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The average baseline APTT was 32.5 +/- 3.4
      sec. An excellent linear relationship was observed between the natural logarithms
      of APTT and plasma CSA concentrations; the slopes of these relationships (APTT
      CSA slopes) were determined by linear regression. The average APTT-CSA slope was
      0.986 +/- 0.145 ml/mg. Plasma concentrations of antithrombin III, alpha 1
      antitrypsin, alpha 2 macroglobulin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
      were normal. There were no statistically significant correlations between
      baseline APTT and APTT-CSA slope values or between either of these parameters and
      plasma concentrations of any of the measured plasma proteins. Additional in vitro
      studies showed that the anticoagulant effect of CSA is only in part mediated by
      antithrombin III. The results of this study suggest that the antithrombotic
      effect of this biologically active substance are at least in part due to its
      anticoagulant effect.

PMID- 6812236
TI  - Demonstration of variable forms of the platelet factor 4 immunoprecipitate using
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Proteins with different electrophoretic properties were precipitated by a
      monospecific antiserum to platelet factor 4 either as a "line" or as a "peak"
      precipitate. The "line" form seen on crossed immunoelectrophoresis of whole
      platelets was retained when immobilized thrombin was included in the intermediate
      gel. The retention was partially abolished when thrombin had been blocked at the
      active serine site or at the fibrinogen binding site. The "peak" form seen on
      analysis of material secreted from platelets passed unaffected through thrombin
      Sepharose. It is suggested that platelet factor 4 exists in the platelets in a
      state different from that observed extracellularly after platelet secretion.

PMID- 6812237
TI  - [The evolutionary (phylogenetic) background for problems with wisdom teeth].

PMID- 6812238
TI  - [The Aicardi syndrome].

PMID- 6812239
TI  - Effects of CaNa2EDTA on lead and trace metal metabolism in bone organ culture.

PMID- 6812241
TI  - A method for the preparation of platelets for transmission electron microscopy.

PMID- 6812240
TI  - A simple method for scanning electron microscope preparation of cells grown in
      multiwell culture plates.
AB  - The closeness of wells in multiwell tissue culture plates makes it difficult to
      remove individual ones without distributing the adjacent wells. Moreover,
      critical point drying frequently introduces artifact into the culture monolayer
      grown on plastic substrate. These problems make it difficult to process such
      cultures for scanning electron microscopy. However, for cell kinetic and
      correlative morphological studies on primary cultures derived from 7,12
      dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary tumors, we have found that
      Falcon 24-well tissue culture plates are excellent for maintenance of cells and
      are convenient to use. By plating the cells in alternating, diagonally disposed
      wells and while the cells are still in the buffer, individual wells can be cut
      from a multiwell plate without disturbing the cells in adjacent wells. The
      isolated wells can be used to carry out scanning electron microscope preparation.
      The height of the well is reduced with a scalpel prior to critical point drying;
      the remaining well is useful as a handle in mounting the dried sample to stubs
      for subsequent coating and viewing. Critical point drying and coating of
      monolayer samples on Falcon plastic are described. The results do not suggest
      that any artifacts are introduced in our preparations.

PMID- 6812242
TI  - [Combined treatment for carcinoma of the cervix: results and side effects in 731
      patients].

PMID- 6812243
TI  - A primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage: change in regional cerebral blood
      flow, autoregulation carbon dioxide reactivity, and central conduction time.

PMID- 6812244
TI  - Effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow and brain tissue metabolism in
      normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cerebral vascular carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivities were compared in normotensive
      (NTR) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cortex and
      thalamus were evaluated before and during one hour of hyperventilation. After one
      hour of hyperventilation brain lactate, pyruvate, and ATP concentrations were
      also determined. Significant and similar reductions of CBF due to
      hyperventilation induce hypocapnia were found in both NTR and SHR groups. In
      contrast the percent increase in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) per unit
      decrease in paCO2 was significant, indicating that hypocapnia induced
      vasoconstriction is greater in NTR than in SHR groups. During hyperventilation
      the average value for lactate in the NTR group was 3.98 mM/kg. In contrast it was
      3.15 mM/kg in the SHR group, a significant difference (p less than 0.05). When
      paCO2 fell below 15 mm Hg the cerebral lactate increased strikingly in the NTR
      group and cortical CVR was reduced suggesting that an accumulation of the
      ischemic metabolites caused dilatation of the constricted cerebral vessels. In
      contrast the SHR group disclosed no such changes. The increase CVR characteristic
      of SHR appeared to diminish the cerebral vasoconstrictive response to hypocapnia.
      As a result ischemic metabolites in the brain do not increase in this group to
      the degree that they do in NTR.

PMID- 6812245
TI  - Plasma derivatives and viral hepatitis.
AB  - Plasma derivatives can be separated into those with either a low or a high risk
      of transmitting viral hepatitis. Low-risk products, with few exceptions, will
      remain low-risk irrespective of the plasma from which they are manufactured
      because they are heated at 60 degrees C for 10 hours (Albumin, Plasma Protein
      Fraction) or because they contain protective antibodies (Immune Globulin). This
      would appear to be the case not only for hepatitis B but also for non-A, non-B
      hepatitis. The risk of hepatitis B associated with plasma derivatives is reduced
      but not eliminated by HBsAg screening of donors. Further decreasing the risk of
      hepatitis B associated with AHF or Factor IX lots, as well as newer products like
      AT-III, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Fibronectin, C-1 Inactivator, and Factor XIII, may
      be accomplished either by the combination of stabilization and heating or by
      assuring that these products contain an excess of anti-HBS. For highly-purified
      products with little residual immunoglobulin it may be necessary to add anti-HBs.
      The addition of antibodies against non-A, non-B hepatitis agents when they are
      identified, could prevent transmission of both forms of viral hepatitis by plasma
      derivatives. Methods to stabilize and heat high-risk plasma derivatives to
      inactivate hepatitis viruses have the potential to remove both hepatitis B and
      non-A, non-B hepatitis infectivity.

PMID- 6812247
TI  - More on washed red blood cells.

PMID- 6812248
TI  - Saline-reactive anti-V.

PMID- 6812246
TI  - Factors influencing monocyte recognition of human erythrocyte autoantibodies in
      vitro.
AB  - Erythrocytes, serum, and blood monocytes from patients with erythrocyte
      autoantibodies were examined by in vitro serologic and cell culture procedures in
      order to evaluate factors modulating patient mononuclear phagocyte activity.
      Monocyte recognition of autoantibody-coated erythrocytes was influenced both by
      antibody titer score and by the monocyte source. The results suggest that
      patients with low serum autoantibody titer scores and normal monocyte behavior
      are less likely to destroy autologous or normal donor erythrocytes than are
      patients with high-serum antibody titer scores or enhanced monocyte activity. We
      conclude that patient, rather than normal donor monocytes, must be used in
      cellular assays designed to predict the fate of erythrocytes transfused into
      patients with erythrocyte autoantibodies.

PMID- 6812249
TI  - [Countercurrent distribution in a 2-phase polymer system of cultured cells
      following their exposure to trypsin, versen, dimethyl sulfoxide and suboptimal
      temperature].
AB  - A study was made of the effects of trypsin (0.25%) EDTA (0.02%), DMSO (10%) and
      suboptimal temperatures (16-18 degrees C) on the line L cells of monolayer and
      suspension cultures by the method of counter-current distribution in two-phase
      polymer system Dextran-500/poly (ethylene) glycol-6000. It has been shown that
      these agents cause the increase in number of cells with low partition
      coefficient, which is most expressed in the population of monolayer subline
      cells.

PMID- 6812251
TI  - [Two cases of leiomyosarcoma after radiotherapy].

PMID- 6812250
TI  - Causal agents of bovine theileriosis in southern Africa.
AB  - One pathogenic and 4 mild bovine Theileria strains from southern Africa, all
      transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, were compared amongst themselves as
      well as to bovine and buffalo strains of the T. parva complex from eastern and
      southern Africa and to bovine strains of T. taurotragi from Tanzania considered
      to be derived from eland antelope. Criteria used were parasitological, clinical,
      serological and cross-immunity characters. The mild strains are similar to bovine
      T. taurotragi. Serological evidence suggested that T. taurotragi is also
      infective to sheep. The pathogenic strain belongs to the T. parva complex; the
      latter consists of a series of types with different behaviour ranging from the
      lawrencei-type (of buffalo) causing Corridor disease, through the bovis-type
      causing Rhodesian malignant theileriosis to the parva-type causing classical East
      Coat fever. Seven cattle-tick passages of a bovis-type strain did not result in
      transformation into a parva-type. Four species of bovine Theileriae are now known
      to occur in southern Africa: T. parva (lawrencei- and bovis-types) and T.
      taurotragi, both transmitted by R. appendiculatus, and T. mutans and T. velifera
      both with Amblyomma spp. as vectors.

PMID- 6812252
TI  - Estimation of gas-phase diffusivities in hyperbaric environments.
AB  - Diffusion of a particular gas in a mixture of three or more gases depends on
      diffusion characteristics and concentrations of the other gases and also on
      environmental pressure. 1) Estimates of gas-phase diffusivities in hyperbaric
      environments can be calculated from binary coefficients by the Wilke equation.
      Sample calculations show that addition of carbon dioxide and water to inspired
      gas has very little effect on diffusivity of oxygen but that neglect of lesser
      components of a mixture, such as the nitrogen in "trimix" or the helium in crude
      neon, would lead to errors of 10% to 20%. 2) It is not possible to match a
      compressed air environment with a helium-oxygen or a helium-oxygen-nitrogen
      environment for both density and diffusivity. Diffusivities of oxygen and carbon
      dioxide in a helium mixture can be less than half the values in compressed air
      having the same density. In a plot of diffusivity vs. gas density, most useful
      mixtures are included in a hyperbolic-shaped band; diffusivity falls to below 25%
      of the room air value when density is 5 times normal.

PMID- 6812253
TI  - New aspects on training bradycardia.
AB  - Rats were trained by treadmill running after chemical sympathectomy with 6
      hydroxy-dopamine or during chronic beta receptor blockade. Contrary to untreated
      trained animals, sympathectomized rats did not get a reduction of the intrinsic
      heart rate after training despite an increased heart weight. In contrast, no
      cardiac hypertrophy occurred after training during beta adrenergic blockade but
      the heart rate during exercise was reduced in these animals. It is concluded that
      the training-induced bradycardia contains a lowering of the intrinsic heart rate
      and that this is not dependent on the stimulation of cardiac beta receptors or
      the magnitude of heart rate increase during exercise. The results also indicate
      that there is not a causal relationship between the training-induced bradycardia
      and cardiac hypertrophy. The latter conclusion is supported by an
      echocardiographic study in humans where no correlation was found between IHR and
      cardiac dimensions.

PMID- 6812254
TI  - The determination of ultrafiltrable calcium and magnesium in serum.
AB  - Ultrafiltrate of human serum was investigated in order to evaluate the serum
      content of calcium and magnesium. The acid and base concentrations and pH of the
      serum was altered through titration with HCl- or NaOH-solutions. The Pco2 was
      varied in the titrated serum using different carbon dioxide tensions. This was
      performed when serum was filtered in a recycling system. It is shown that the
      analysis of calcium and magnesium have to be done under anaerobic conditions or
      at standardized pH and Pco2 situations, as the concentrations vary with both pH
      and Pco2. The concentration ratio between ultrafiltrate and serum for calcium and
      magnesium was found to be 0.56 and 0.74 respectively at pH=7.41 and Pco2=40 mmHg.

PMID- 6812255
TI  - Obstructive urethral diverticula in children.

PMID- 6812256
TI  - [Treatment of lactation mastitis].
AB  - Results of the hospital treatment of severe purulent mastitis in 127 women after
      childbirth were analyzed. The authors believe that opening of the purulent cavity
      and dissection of the purulent focus within the limits of intact tissues do not
      exclude one another. They should be performed according to corresponding
      indications. The intensive infusion therapy is thought to be necessary for
      struggle against toxemia, for correction of the acidic-alkaline state and partial
      parenteral feeding. Feeding from the diseased breast should be permitted under
      conditions of sterile milk.

PMID- 6812257
TI  - [Methods of restoring patency of the large intestine after Hartmann surgery].

PMID- 6812258
TI  - [Role of supplementary parenteral nutrition in preventing traumatic osteomyelitis
      of the lower jaw].

PMID- 6812259
TI  - [Adrenocortical activity in pigs in relation to nutrition, body weight
      mycobacteriosis and pre-slaughter stress].
AB  - In 115 pigs divided into 10 groups, with different nutrition levels or with
      experimentally evoked atypical mycobacteriosis, during the experiments or at
      slaughter the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) in blood
      plasma, relative weight of adrenal glands and liver were determined. The increase
      in adrenocortical function was proved in the cases when the body weight was
      significantly influenced by malnutrition, and then in the pigs at slaughter, even
      after relatively careful handling. No changes were found in the course of
      mycobacteriosis. The relative weight of adrenal glands in slaughtered pigs of
      lower body weight was higher than that in the pigs of the same age, but of higher
      body weight. On the other hand, the slaughtered pigs of higher body weights
      tended to have higher 11-OHCS concentrations. The prolonged stay of the pigs in
      slaughter houses before bleeding did not result in the increased 11-OHCS levels.
      The quality of meat was not affected.

PMID- 6812260
TI  - [The effect of colostral immunoglobulins on hematological and biochemical
      indicators in calves].
AB  - Haematological values (haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, erythrocyte and
      leucocyte number) and the levels of biochemical parameters (plasma concentrations
      of magnesium, zinc and copper) were studied in dependence on the level of
      immunoglobulins in calves in the early postnatal period. As a parameter of
      colostrum intake and quality the immunoglobulin level in blood serum was chosen,
      according to which the calves (n = 300), aged from two to six days, were divided
      into four groups. A relationship between the colostrum intake, or the
      immunoglobulin level in blood serum, and the magnesium concentration in blood
      plasma was observed. The magnesium level in plasma was in correlation with the Ig
      level in the blood serum of calves. As far as the other studied blood parameters
      are concerned, no statistically significant differences were proved in the calves
      aged two to six days.

PMID- 6812261
TI  - [The white blood cell picture in male nutria in the postnatal period].

PMID- 6812262
TI  - [Verification of peroral vaccination of pigs against enteropathogenic strains of
      Escherichia coli].
AB  - In a large herd of pigs where the parenteral immunisation of pregnant sows by
      polyvalent vaccine against enteral coliinfections of new-born piglets was
      performed successfully for several years, an increased occurrence of diseases and
      mortality of sucking piglets was observed. After screening tests in the herd, six
      strains of E. coli, differing from the strains contained in the commercial
      vaccine, were isolated. The obtained strains were employed for preparation of
      peroral vaccine for sows by means of the modified method after Kohler. In two
      cycles of sows (48 animals in experimental group and 60 animals in control
      group), this method was compared with the effectiveness of the commonly used
      commercial polyvalent parenteral vaccine against enteral E. coli infections of
      new-born piglets (manufactured by Bioveta, Ivanovice in Hana). In experimental
      sow groups vaccinated perorally by the new vaccine, the number of live-born
      piglets increased by 0.475 piglet per litter, the number of reared piglets up to
      the age of 28 days by 0.904 piglet per litter and the mortality till the age of
      28 days decreased by 6.1% as compared with the control vaccinated by commercial
      vaccine. The results were not statistically significant. The advantages and
      disadvantages of both vaccination methods are discussed.

PMID- 6812263
TI  - [Eosinophilia in white mice in experimental toxocariasis and recurrent
      ascariasis].
AB  - Twenty-five white mice were experimentally invaded by the larvae of Toxocara
      cati, and their blood count was followed. On the seventh day after invasion the
      number of eosinophil leucocytes started to increase and the maximum (28%) was
      reached on the twenty-first day. After 45 days the mice were newly invaded by
      eggs of Ascaris suum. The number of eosinophil leucocytes increased again and
      reached its maximum on the fourteenth day (26%). The increased eosinophilia in
      mice was observed until the 204th day after invasion, or until the 159th day
      after the new invasion. Between the number of eosinophil leucocytes and
      lymphocytes there was an indirect relation.

PMID- 6812264
TI  - [Advantages of using semi-solid agar medium for the isolation of Salmonellae].
AB  - A method of salmonellae rapid isolation on semi-solid agar medium in glass U
      shaped tubes was tested and the results were compared with those obtained by
      using the selective multiplication medium after Rappaport and Kauffmann medium
      with sub-cultures on agars with brilliant green and sodium desoxycholate. This
      method was verified by employing the collection strains of selected serotypes of
      salmonellae, E. coli collection strains and microorganisms of the genus Proteus.
      The described method was used to examine the pig carcasses infected artificially
      by the serotypes of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella cholerae suis v.
      Kunzendorf, rectal smears of calves and dogs and smears from the sanitation
      vehicles. The best method for isolating salmonellae from the mixtures with
      contaminants and for the examination of excrements, rectal smears and smears was
      that using the semi-solid agar medium in glass U-shaped tubes. This method is
      also applicable to purification of bacterial mixtures from microorganisms of the
      genus Proteus.

PMID- 6812265
TI  - [Determination of the gonadotropin activity of biological preparations by
      testosterone synthesis in mouse testes in vitro].
AB  - The ability of mouse testicular tissue to respond to stimulation by a commercial
      preparation of human choriongonadotropin (Praedyn Spofa) was tested in vitro,
      using whole testes, fragments and cell suspension. In each experiment seven
      gonadotropin concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 50 i. u. per litre were tested,
      and the results were compared with the group of control samples without
      gonadotropin. The incubation of whole testes with gonadotropin of different
      concentrations was performed in five vessels, each containing one testis; the
      fragments were incubated in four vessels, each containing four fragments from
      different testes, and the cell suspension in triplicates containing 1 . 10(6)
      cells per ml. All three types of tissue reacted to the increasing concentrations
      of stimulating agent by the increasing production of testosterone, the
      concentration of which was determined by radioimmunoassay. For the suppression of
      the individuality and for achieving a uniform response of the individual samples
      with each stimulation, the cell suspension of testes from several animals appears
      to be most suitable.

PMID- 6812266
TI  - [Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in calves].

PMID- 6812267
TI  - [Sources and causes of the origin of new foci of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in
      Czechoslovakia from 1977 to 1979].
AB  - In the years 1977-1979, twenty-eight new foci of bovine tuberculosis in cattle
      were found in the territory of the CSR; twenty-four foci were recorded in the
      cooperative sector, four foci in private stables. Most of the foci, i.e. twenty,
      were observed in agricultural enterprises where bovine tuberculosis had been
      subdued in the last four years of the nation-wide eradication of the disease.
      Tuberculinization revealed twelve new origins, veterinary inspection of meat at
      slaughter-houses 16 origins. Tuberculosis newly occurred in cows housed in cow
      houses of older types or old stables. In the twenty-four foci found in the
      cooperative sector, only in five cases were more than 10% of the cows infected.
      Various forms of tuberculosis were observed if a greater number of animals
      suffered from the disease. In individual infections, pulmonary primary complex,
      or digestive tract, were afflicted. To elucidate the sources and causes of the
      origin of these foci of tuberculosis, cattle was proved--by anergent--to be the
      source of six cases, man suffering from bovine tuberculosis in three cases, and
      in two cases the cause was an uncontrolled purchase of cattle. We failed to find
      out the source in 17 cases. To maintain the present favorable epizootic situation
      in bovine tuberculosis, attention should be paid permanently to diagnosing bovine
      tuberculosis, and especially to elucidating sources of new foci of the disease.

PMID- 6812268
TI  - [Transfer of cattle embryos in the induction of twinning].
AB  - The superovulation of donors, heifers and cows, was induced by means of
      gonadotropin PMSG (Antex Leo) in combination with the synthetic prostaglandin
      analogue--PGF2 alpha (Estrumate, ICI) applied 48 hours later. The response of
      donors to this treatment was variable. The average number of ovulating follicles
      from one heifer was fourteen, and the number of embryos to be used was four. In
      cows the average number of ovulating follicles amounted to six, and on the
      average three embryos from one donor could be used. Seventy-four embryos were
      transferred to thirty-seven recipients, into each horn of uterus one embryo.
      Twenty-six (70%) cows were pregnant, out of this number seventeen (65%)
      recipients gave birth to twins. In some cases the isolated embryos were kept in
      the oviduct of female rabbit for 72 hours. It was proved that this deposition did
      not exert any negative influence on further development of embryos.

PMID- 6812269
TI  - [Internal parasites in calves and heifers in a central rearing barn].
AB  - In the specialised rearing house for young cattle of all age groups the
      occurrence of endoparasites was followed. In the age group of 21 to 90 days, 56%
      of calves aged about 30 days eliminated oocysts of coccidia. On the whole, 49.3%
      of calves were infested by coccidia, 3% by enterohelminths. 90.3% of calves aged
      from three to six months were parasitised by coccidia, 7.4% by enterohelminths.
      Young cattle, aged from 6 to 12 months, were parasitised in 94.6% by coccidia and
      in 14.1% by enterohelminths. 86.6% of pregnant heifers at the age of 14 to 19
      months had coccidia, 7.7% enterohelminths. The total farm capacity was about 950
      animals. Throughout the year the number of examined animals amounted to 1,195,
      out of this number 958 animals, i. e. 80.2%, were infested by coccidia, 55.6% of
      animals by the species Eimeria bovis, 47.0% by E. zuernii, 43.3% by E.
      auburnensis, 39.4% by E. ellipsoidalis, 25.2% by E. cylindrica, 13.6% by E.
      subspherica, 3.1% by E. bukidnonensis, 1.7% by Isospora spp., 0.4% by E.
      brasiliensis, 0.08% by E. pellita. Enterohelminths were observed only in 96
      animals, i. e. in 8.03%. Trichocephalus was found in 3.9% of animals, Cooperia in
      2.4%, Ostertagia in 0.6%, Chabertia in 0.4%, Nematodirus in 0.3%, Capillaria in
      0.2%, Oesophagostomum in 0.2%, Bunostomum in 0.1% and Trichostrongylus in 0.1%.
      The highest elimination of oocysts of coccidia was observed in August, January
      and February, of eggs of enterohelminths from August to October. In all age
      groups the most frequent was the occurrence of pathogenic species of coccidia.

PMID- 6812270
TI  - [Morphological identification of cryptosporidia in the intestines of calves using
      light and scanning electron microscopy].
AB  - Small and large intestines of ten calves of the age from 7 to 21 days, suffering
      from cryptosporidiosis were examined. It is recommended to perform the
      histopathological identification of cryptosporidia by prolongation of the basic
      staining with haematoxylin to one hour and by additional staining with
      tartrazine. Out of the special methods the most suitable are as follows:
      Wolbach's modification of Giems' staining method or staining with toluidine or
      polychromous blue. Mucopolysaccharides are in the granules and in the capsules of
      some developmental stages of cryptosporidia. By means of scanning electron
      microscope (SEM) cryptosporidia are clearly visible. As a rule, they are more or
      less immersed in the microvilli of enterocytes. In the intestines destructed by
      inflammation they occur even outside the epithelium, in the cases studied in the
      necrotic matter obstructing the outlets of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the caecum
      of the calves.

PMID- 6812272
TI  - [The effect of age factors and season on the concentration of selenium in the
      blood of lambs].

PMID- 6812273
TI  - [Pathomorphological changes in brucellosis in hares].
AB  - The morphology of 645 cases of brucellosis in hares evoked by the germs of
      Brucella suis, biotype 2, is described. Brucellosis had the character of chronic
      granulomatous process with prevailing changes in liver, spleen and in sex organs
      of hares of both sexes. In the sex organs of sexually immature hares the changes
      were detected in 2.26% of animals. The granuloma macroscopy was typical and was
      most discernible in liver. In the organs there prevailed solitary granulomas of
      the pea size. In testes two types of changes were found--coagulation necrosis and
      granulomatous form. In uterus node conglomerates in parametrium and mesometrium
      were typical. By histological analysis histiocyte granuloma of tuberculoid type
      with typical arrangement of layers was found. Central caseous necrosis was
      characterised by lesser nuclear detritus due to caryolysis. In the histiocyte
      layer of granulomas, an inconstant occurrence of macrocells of the Langhans type
      was observed. The layer of spherical cellular elements was more pronounced in
      smaller granulomas, in uterus and testes plasma cells prevailed. The eosinophil
      presence in the changed parts was low, their larger occurrence was found only in
      uterus, muscle lymph glands and in osteomuscular granulomas. In larger granulomas
      peripheral was always visible. Pyogenic component in granulomas was almost always
      absent.

PMID- 6812271
TI  - [Dermatomycosis in sheep caused by a rare strain of Trichophyton verrucosum].
AB  - In the group of sheep reared for blood collections the enzootic occurrence of
      dermatomycosis was found affecting the hair on the head and back. From the
      pathological material obtained from the lesions of twelve animals an identical
      strain of Trichophyton verrucosum was cultivated which differed from common
      isolates of this type macromorphologically. By its ability to grow in the medium
      without vitamin and by its thermotolerance this isolate resembled the
      physiological variety T. verrucosum Bodin 1902, var. autotrophicum Scott 1976. On
      the example of trichophytosis in the described sheep flock epizootological
      importance of foci of this infection is demonstrated in flocks where no
      immunopreventive precautions are taken.

PMID- 6812274
TI  - Collie eye anomaly in the border collie.

PMID- 6812276
TI  - [Promotion of physical, and mental health in view of a successful scholarization
      of pre-school children].

PMID- 6812275
TI  - Lack of reactivity of sera from Theileria parva-infected and recovered cattle
      against cell membrane antigens of Theileria parva transformed cell lines.
AB  - Sera from Theileria parva infected, recovered and rechallenged cattle were tested
      in complement-dependent cytotoxicity, membrane immunofluorescence and antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays for the presence of antibodies against
      cell membrane antigens of T. parva transformed cell lines. In the complement
      dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity assay, sera from lethally infected
      animals were negative. Some recovered cattle showed a positive reaction, but such
      reactions were also observed when an eland cell line infected with T. taurotragi,
      and bovine lymphoblastoid cells were used as targets. Reaction was less against
      Ig-negative peripheral blood lymphocytes. Evidence is presented that these
      reactions could be evoked by attachment of immune complexes to Fc-receptors. It
      is concluded that cattle exposed to T. parva infection do not develop antibodies
      against specific T. parva (or T. parva-induced) cell surface antigens.

PMID- 6812278
TI  - [The study of some enzymatic changes in cancer patients with the aid of modern
      technics].

PMID- 6812279
TI  - [Incidence and spread of lues in the Western European territories].

PMID- 6812277
TI  - [Cystographic technics in cancer of the uterine neck].

PMID- 6812280
TI  - [The combination treatment of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6812281
TI  - [The role and value of the rehabilitation team in therapy by physio-thermal means
      of ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 6812282
TI  - Sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenomas of the pituitary gland. Correlation
      of ultrastructure with plasma hormone level.
AB  - The possible relationship between the preoperative plasma prolactin levels of
      patients having a sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenoma of the pituitary
      gland and the morphology of the tumors was studied by means of quantitative
      electron microscopy. To this end, a number of ultrastructural variables were
      chosen which are generally regarded to be indicative of cellular activity and
      which could be determined in a quantitative or semiquantitative way. These
      variables were determined in 19 adenomas from 17 patients and plotted against the
      corresponding prolactin levels. It appeared that marked endocrine activity was
      associated with a small number of granules per cell, a high frequency of
      exocytosis, and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Granule
      size and development of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes were not at all, or only
      poorly correlated with the plasma hormone levels. Finally, the number of
      mitochondria per cell showed a totally unexpected inverse correlation with
      endocrine activity. Due to the close mutual correlation existing between several
      of the variables investigated, combining them in a multivariate analysis did not
      significantly improve the correlation with the hormone level.

PMID- 6812283
TI  - J-chain-producing immunoblastic lymphoma in a case of Richter's syndrome.
      Immunohistochemical evidence for a gradual malignant transformation of a single B
      cell clone and flow cytophotometric data.
AB  - A 66-year old male with Richter's syndrome died 52 month after diagnosis of
      chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The clinical course was characterized by a
      marked IgM hypoglobulinaemia which paralleled a chronically relapsing Herpes
      simplex infection. Autopsy showed a large retroperitoneal and intraabdominal
      tumour mass and well defined supradiaphragmatic lymphomas. Histological
      examination revealed a composite tumour consisting of CLL B-cell type (B-CLL) and
      immunoblastic malignant lymphoma of B-cell type (B-IbL). The lymphocytes bear mu
      chains on their surface and to a lesser extend within their cytoplasm, the
      obviously defective immunoblasts produce J chains exclusively. Flow
      cytophotometric data seem to indicate an identical diploid stem line of the two
      tumours. The majority of the cells are in G0/1 phase. The CLL rarely produces
      mitoses, however, the IbL has a mitotic rate of 7% and a considerable proportion
      (33%) of cells in the phase of DNA-synthesis. This is the fourth malignant
      lymphoma and the second immunoblastic lymphoma to be reported that produces J
      chain in the absence of immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6812284
TI  - [Use of carnitine for stimulation of the growth and development of the mouse
      brain in undernourishment in early postnatal ontogeny].
AB  - The authors studied the possibilities of using carnitine for stimulation of the
      mouse brain development under malnutrition in the early postnatal ontogenesis.
      The results indicate that addition of carnitine to the diet during food
      rehabilitation stimulates the growth of the body and brain mass, increases the
      neocortex, hippocamp, cerebellum and the size of neuronal bodies in these
      structures, removes the effect of retarding the growth of neuronal processes and
      noticeably decreases the rate of dystrophic changes in the brain structures under
      study. Thus, the disturbances of the mouse brain development caused by
      malnutrition are completely eliminated after the animals are fed a full-value
      diet containing carnitine.

PMID- 6812285
TI  - [Bone tissue status of rats on intravenous feeding].
AB  - Intravenous administration to rats of a nutritive mixture containing intralipid
      for 9 days produced an increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the blood
      serum by more than 30%, a decrease in the mass of osseous tissue and in the
      content of calcium and hydroxyproline thus indicating the development of
      osteoporosis. Upon intravenous administration of a mixture containing glucose,
      mineral substances and vitamins but devoid of the lipid component, there were no
      changes in the concentration of phosphorus in the blood or in the composition of
      osseous tissue. The reason for bone changes during intralipid use is likely to be
      the increased supply with it of phospholipids that bind Ca2+ which may lead to
      hyperparathyrosis and osteoporosis.

PMID- 6812286
TI  - Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. IX. Heterophile antigen
      associated with a glycoprotein from the bovine erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - A glycoprotein was isolated from the membrane of the bovine erythrocyte by
      refluxing the acetone- and ethanol-extracted stroma residue with 75% ethanol. The
      glycoprotein was purified by phosphocellulose chromatography, ethanol
      precipitation, lipidsolvent extraction and DEAE chromatography. The glycoprotein
      appeared to have two serological determinants, both reactive with antibodies
      present in the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis. One of the
      determinants is similar to the Paul-Bunnell heterophile antigen found on sheep
      erythrocytes. It is dependent on carbohydrate, including sialic acid residues.
      Another specificity, seemingly not shared by sheep erythrocytes to any great
      extent, is resistance to neuraminidase and to alkaline borohydride treatment and
      thus it may be located either on the polypeptide portion of the molecule or on an
      alkali-stable oligosaccharide. The purified glycoprotein comprises 73% amino
      acids. Carbohydrate components and their molar ratios were sialic acid (1.0):
      galactose (1.5): N-acetylglucosamine (1.1): N-acetylgalactosamine (0.5): mannose
      (0.1).

PMID- 6812289
TI  - [Serum nitrate levels in patients with stable angina pectoris treated with
      sustained-action nitroglycerin preparations].

PMID- 6812290
TI  - [Ethiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease in the light of modern views].

PMID- 6812287
TI  - [Classification of viruses by computer].
AB  - The study used the information mass containing information on 83 viruses
      characterized by 41 markers. The suitability of one of the variants of cluster
      analysis for virus classification was demonstrated. It was established that
      certain stages of automatic allotment of viruses into groups by the degree of
      similarity of their properties end the formation of groups which consist of
      viruses sufficiently close to each other by their properties and are sufficiently
      isolated. Comparison of these groups with the classification proposed by the ICVT
      established their correspondence to individual families. Analysis of the obtained
      classification system permits sufficiently grounded conclusions to be drawn with
      regard to the classification position of certain viruses, the classification of
      which has not yet been completed by the ICVT.

PMID- 6812288
TI  - [Results of combined treatment with pentaerythritol, sustac and propranolol in
      patients with coronary circulatory failure].

PMID- 6812292
TI  - [Interacting between amyloid P and connective tissue proteins ].
AB  - In order to look for the position of amyloid P in the macromolecular connective
      tissue and extracellular matrix system, we performed binding studies involving
      affinity chromatography. Binding studies revealed the strong binding of
      fibronectin to amyloid P (S-AP). The fibronectin-amyloid P linkage was
      dissociated after elution with 2 M urea. Heparan sulfate, a major
      glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, showed strong binding to S-AP,
      which was dissociated at 3 M urea. Laminin, collagen type I and type IV, reduced
      and alkylated glomerular basement membranes as well as the glycosamino-glycans
      hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulfate failed to bind to S-AP. Our binding
      studies show that amyloid P can react strongly with extra cellular matrix
      proteins and can help to explain the presence of amyloid P in normal connective
      tissue.

PMID- 6812291
TI  - [Determination of immunoglobulin D in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 6812293
TI  - [Correlation between serum FSH and histological findings on testicular biopsy in
      men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia].
AB  - In 51 infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia the histological
      findings on testicular biopsy were compared with the preoperative serum FSH
      level. In cases of absence of spermatogenesis on testicular biopsy the FSH showed
      the expected highly significant "feed back" increase, whereas in cases of
      functioning, but highly pathological spermatogenesis the serum FSH level gave no
      indication of the type of dysspermatogenesis. Normal FSH levels were found in
      over 90% of men showing normal spermatogenesis with obstructive azoospermia.
      Hence, complete inspection of the testis, with attempted demonstration of
      spermatozoa in the epidydimis, is essential in these cases during testicular
      biopsy in order to avoid an unnecessary secondary operative refertilizing
      procedure (epidydimovasostomy) when the site of obstruction is the rete testis.

PMID- 6812294
TI  - Prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6812296
TI  - Comparison of cholangiography and ultrasonography in the operative screening of
      the common bile duct.

PMID- 6812297
TI  - The localization of SPO1 phage resistance in the genome of Bacillus subtilis as
      revealed by fusion of protoplasts.
AB  - We localized the gene for resistance to phage SPO1 relatively to the markers pur
      B 34 and ura by means of the polyethylene-glycol induced fusion of bacterial
      protoplasts of three-fold auxotrophic Bacillus subtilis strains S3 and S13. By
      this same method, the site of some auxotrophic markers was tentatively
      determined. The application of the protoplast fusion technique to exact genetic
      analysis will not be possible until the exo- and endogenous factors influencing
      cell wall regeneration are standardized. Fluctuations of this kind are very
      significant for the determination of genetic segregation.

PMID- 6812295
TI  - Nodular goiter--is thyroxine medication of any value?

PMID- 6812298
TI  - [Development and use of radio- and enzyme immunoassays in the microbiological and
      immunological diagnosis. IV. Quantitative radio- and enzyme immunological
      determination of immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6812299
TI  - [Identification of atypical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.)].

PMID- 6812300
TI  - [Therapy of leg ulcers with disodium cromoglycate (DNCG)--case reports ].
AB  - For the first time in Germany DNCG was tested in a pilot study for local
      treatment in ten patients (nine with chronic venous insufficiency, one with an
      arterio-venous insufficiency) with leg ulcers. Complete healing was achieved in
      three patients. One of these patients was the above mentioned with the combined
      arterio-venous insufficiency. Another four patients with larger ulcers showed
      marked ulcer decrease on treatment. DNCG was generally well tolerated. Due to
      local irritations the drug had to be withdrawn in three patients. On account of
      these positive therapeutic results it seems indicated to perform controlled
      comparative clinical trials.

PMID- 6812301
TI  - [Treatment of stable exercise angina with calcium blockers-a double-blind,
      placebo-controlled comparison of diltiazem and nifedipine].
AB  - In a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study, 43 out-patients with
      stable angina pectoris were treated for 2 months with a calcium-antagonist. 9
      patients received a constant dose of 60 mg diltiazem t.i.d.; 12 patients
      underwent a dose increase to 90 mg t.i.d. after 4 weeks of treatment because of
      insufficient therapy response. In 5 patients 10 mg nifedipine t.i.d. was
      sufficient, 17 patients received 20 mg t.i.d. during the second part of the
      study. The patients were examined and subjected to symptom-limited ergometric
      tests at 2-week intervals. Under both medications, the frequency of anginal
      attacks decreased significantly; this was accompanied by a concomitant decrease
      of nitroglycerin consumption. During the tests, the time to occurrence of anginal
      complaints and thereby work capacity increased. ST-depression and ST-index were
      diminished. Heart rate, blood pressure and pressure-rate product did not change
      at rest or under exercise. There was no statistically significant difference
      between the two calcium-antagonists. Patients who showed satisfactory results
      under one of the two medications participated in an open, uncontrolled long-term
      trial and were treated with 60 mg or 90 mg diltiazem t.i.d. over a one-year
      period. There were no clinically remarkable events on changing from nifedipine to
      diltiazem. The monthly controls and the quarterly ergometric tests showed an
      unchanged efficacy of diltiazem. During the double-blind short-term treatment,
      the frequency of side effects was slightly lower under diltiazem than under
      nifedipine. Long-term treatment especially confirms the good tolerance of
      diltiazem.

PMID- 6812302
TI  - [Virus and the liver -- pathogenesis of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6812303
TI  - [Virus and liver -- non-A/non-B hepatitis: state of knowledge May 1981].

PMID- 6812304
TI  - [Virus and the liver -- light microscopic alterations].

PMID- 6812305
TI  - [Simultaneous inoculation of hepatitis B virus and non-A non-B agents on a
      chimpanzee: histopathology in relation to electron microscopic and immunologic
      findings].

PMID- 6812306
TI  - The management of diabetes mellitus in children. Review and our experience in
      Zambian children and adolescents.

PMID- 6812307
TI  - Juvenile diabetes mellitus clinical spectrum in Zambian children.

PMID- 6812308
TI  - Association of aflatoxin M1 with casein.
AB  - Equilibrium dialysis was used to determine whether aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) binds to
      casein. Simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) containing 10 or 20 ng/ml of AFM1 was
      dialyzed against SMUF containing casein micelles. After 24 h at 7 degrees C, the
      casein suspension contained 2.5- or 2.9-fold, respectively, more toxin than that
      found in SMUF. An average of 17.9 or 55.3 micrograms of AFM1, respectively, per
      gram of casein was bound. In a separate experiment, milk naturally contaminated
      with AFM1 was treated with a proteolytic enzyme. An average of 30.7% more toxin
      was found in treated than in untreated milk. This result also suggests binding of
      AFM1 by milk protein.

PMID- 6812309
TI  - [Detection of Gm, Km, and EsD phenotypes in the dental pulp of human cadavers ].
AB  - Dental pulps of human cadavers (some of them putrefied) were investigated to
      determine the immunoglobulin markers G1m(1,2,3), G3m(5,10,21), Km(1), and the
      isozyme EsD. Reliable results were obtained in the Gm and Km typings, also in
      putrefied or skeletonized cadavers. EsD typings revealed that the phenotypes
      EsD(1) and EsD(2-1) are expressed in the dental pulp and can also be detected
      there in putrefied cadavers.

PMID- 6812310
TI  - [Is matrix theory still important today?].

PMID- 6812311
TI  - [Actual germ spectrum in wound surgery].
AB  - Under aerobic conditions Staph. aureus was isolated in 40%, grampositive germs
      were as frequent as gramnegative bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis was the
      predominant germ from material suspicious of an anaerobic infection. For its
      isolation the material should be sent as soon as possible to the laboratory to be
      investigated under anaerobic conditions. The author stresses the close
      cooperation between the clinician and the microbiologist to receive optimal
      diagnostic results as the basis of an effective chemotherapy.

PMID- 6812312
TI  - Hemolytic properties of exosubstance of serovar 5 Listeria monocytogenes compared
      with beta toxin of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Hemolytic exosubstance of serovar 5 Listeria monocytogenes, tested in native and
      pre-purified forms, produced identical interactions with exosubstances of certain
      bacterial species to those of Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin on agars with
      ovine, rabbit, human and equine erythrocytes. In the same way like the
      staphylococcal beta toxin, it enhanced hemolysis of other L. monocytogenes
      serovars, though only slightly and after a longer time of incubation. With the
      hemolysin of Corynebacterium pyogenes it produced a characteristic sickle-shape
      hemolysis on sheep blood agars. The listerial exosubstance observed had a direct
      hemolytic effect on sheep, rabbit, human and horse erythrocytes in both agar and
      tube tests. In addition to the direct hemolysis in tube tests it produced the hot
      cold type hemolysis in titres considerably exceeding those of direct action on
      sheep erythrocytes. The staphylococcal beta toxin macroscopically altered only
      sheep erythrocytes, with which it produced hot-cold hemolysis in tube tests, and
      gave no visible reaction with other erythrocytes used either in agar or tube
      tests. A comparison of both exosubstances showed that their hemolytic activity
      was strongly enhanced by the exosubstance of Rhodococcus equi on sheep, rabbit
      and human blood agars, though only the hemolysin of serovar 5 L. monocytogenes
      had its hemolysis enhanced on horse erythrocytes also.

PMID- 6812313
TI  - [Exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Communication: isolation, purification
      and biochemical analysis].

PMID- 6812314
TI  - [Exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa II. Communication: cytostatic and
      bacteriostatic activity].

PMID- 6812316
TI  - Bound and spontaneously released toxic products of NAG vibrios cultivated in
      minimal synthetic media.
AB  - Properties of toxic substances released spontaneously and by ultrasonic
      disintegration from NAG vibrio cells cultivated in minimal synthetic medium were
      compared. The released material was separated on the AMICON ultramembranes,
      dialysed and fractionated on the column of Sephadex G-100. This procedure
      revealed three fractions released by ultrasonic disintegration. The culture
      released spontaneously only one fraction separated by the above mentioned
      procedure. The molecular weight estimated by the elution from calibrated G-100
      column of the fractions released by the ultrasound was a follows: first fraction
      (H1) over 100,000, second fraction (H2) 25,000-30,000 and third one (H3) below
      10,000. The molecular weight of the spontaneously released fraction (F1) was over
      100,000. The biological activity of the fractions was tested by the rabbit skin
      test and by the rabbit ligated ileal loop test. The fractions H1, H2 and F1 were
      positive in both while the fraction H3 was negative. Fraction F1 was inactivated
      at 56 degrees C while at 100 degrees C its activity was restored. In agar gel
      diffusion test, the presence of endotoxin in fraction F1 was proved by means of
      specific antiserum. Results show that the toxic substances of enterotoxin nature
      are bound also to cell structures. They reveal the biological activity
      qualitatively and quantitatively different of the spontaneously released
      substances. Besides the endotoxin also other cell components can contribute to
      these effects.

PMID- 6812315
TI  - [Isolation of an antibacterial active tropolone from a Pseudomonas cepacia
      strain].
AB  - In the strain ATCC 17759 of Pseudomonas cepacia a highly antibacterial active
      substance was found, which could be identified as the tropolone bis-(3-hydroxy-2
      oxocyclo-heptatrien-(3,5,7)-yl)-sulfide. This data confirm that tropolones are
      not only found in plants like western red cedars, but are also occurring as
      metabolites in bacteria. At least in Pseudomonas cepacia there seems to be an
      interesting reciprocal correlation between the production of tropolones and of
      phenacines. The purified tropolone showed a broad antibacterial activity spectrum
      against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The MIC-values were
      situated between 12.5 and greater than 100,0 microgram/ml.

PMID- 6812317
TI  - [Faecal streptococci as indicator organisms of drinking water].
AB  - The rules of the European Economic Community to harmonize the hygienic quality of
      drinking water write out the faecal streptococci as indicator organisms. This
      operating definition of the faecal streptococci prohibits its taxonomic
      limitation to enterococci or group D streptococci. Therefore, we have undertaken
      studies concerning the methods for routine examinations. Comparative
      investigations of selective enrichment broths showed no significant differences
      of the end concentration of glucose in the range of 0.5-1.0% and of sodium azide
      in the range of 0.02-0.05%. 36 degrees C was a better incubation temperature than
      44 degrees C and the results were better after 24 h than after 48 h. Comparative
      investigations of selective plating media showed less selectivity of the bile
      aesculin agar and gentamicinthallous-carbonate agar than that on the one hand of
      citrate-azide-tween-carbonate agar, KF streptococcal agar or Slanetz-Bartley
      enterococcal agar, and on the other hand of kanamycin-aesculin-azide agar. All
      together the kanamycin-aesculin-azide agar seems to be a little better than the
      other media (Table 2) 356 strains of faecal streptococci were isolated from the
      studied media. More than 20 characteristics were investigated and, there upon,
      the strains were differentiated (Table 3). S. faecalis predominates in human
      materials, i.e. urine, S. faecium and S. durans were isolated specially from
      sewage and waste water (Table 4). The single species of faecal streptococci grow
      specificly on the different selective media, and therefore, each agar specimen
      prefers the one or other species more or less selectively (Table 5).

PMID- 6812318
TI  - [Special position of strongly haemolytic strains of the genus Listeria].
AB  - The special status of the strongly haemolytic strains of serovar (sv) 5 of
      Listeria monocytogenes is reviewed. Besides some biochemical reactions sv 5
      strains are characterized by their excessive haemolysis on sheep blood agar and
      by a positive result of the CAMP test with R. equi. The haemolysis is caused by a
      soluble thermolabile protein which stimulates the formation of antibodies and
      which is inhibited by cholesterol. Sv 5-strains are less virulent than strains of
      sv 1/2a and sv 4b. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns characteristic for
      listeriae and for the principles of treating Listeria infections, are valid for
      sv 5-strains, too. The special position of sv 5 versus the other serovars of L.
      monocytogenes - with particular reference to its biochemical activity, its
      haemolytic properties, its lysosensitivity and its pathogenicity - calls for a
      reconsideration of its taxonomic position within the genus Listeria.

PMID- 6812319
TI  - [CO2-dependent mutant of Salmonella typhi causing typhoid fever in two patients].
AB  - A CO2-dependent mutant of Salmonella typhi was isolated from anaerobic but not
      from aerobic blood-cultures of two patients with typhoid fever. Both patients
      diseased after return from their home country Turkey. The strains developed in a
      CO2-enriched atmosphere and under anaerobic but not aerobic culture conditions.
      This property remained stable during 20 subcultures. The fermentative and
      serological pattern was identical with S. typhi T2. Both strains were of lysovar
      E1a.

PMID- 6812320
TI  - [Comparative studies of the enrichment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in asparagine,
      malachite green, and acetamide broths and the isolation on cetrimide and endo
      agar].
AB  - We studied the efficience of the following broths for the enrichment of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa: asparagine broth, malachite green broth, acetamide broth
      I (1% acetamide) and II (0.2% acetamide). A total of 275 P. aeruginosa containing
      sewage water samples was investigated. We isolated 784 P. aeruginosa strains.
      6.3% of them produced no pyocyane. Until now the acetamide broth was used only
      diagnosticly but it can be employed also for enrichment. The acetamide broths had
      yields of 85.1%, 78.0% respectively. The asparagine broth showed a yield of 73.8%
      and the malachite green broth of 62.9% (Table 1). The comparison of the two used
      agars showed isolation quotas of 77.1% on cetrimide agar and of 58.3% on endo
      agar (Table 1). Incubation at 36 degrees C during 48 hours yielded more strains
      in all broths, the most in malachite green broth. However, the acetamid broth I
      showed already a decay of some organisms (Table 2).

PMID- 6812321
TI  - Extracellular toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. III. Radioimmunoassay for
      detection of alkaline protease.
AB  - A sensitive and specific solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of the
      alkaline protease (AP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was developed and the RIA
      was used to assay 10 PA strains of various origin and serotype. A great strain
      variability of AP production was found which differed from 180 to 0.1 microgram
      per ml of culture supernatant fluid (CSF). The AP concentrations were compared to
      the total proteolytic activity of the CSF and the results were discussed in
      relation to cystic fibrosis patients suffering from chronical PA lung infections.

PMID- 6812322
TI  - Extracellular toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Radioimmunoassay for
      detection of elastase.
AB  - A sensitive and specific solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of the
      elastase (Ela) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was developed and the RIA was used
      to assay 10 PA strains of various origin and serotype. A great strain variability
      of Ela production was found which differed from 94.1 to 0.1 microgram per ml of
      culture supernatant fluid (CSF). The Ela and alkaline protease (AP)
      concentrations were converted to proteolytic activity and combined. The sum of
      the calculated enzymatic values of Ela and AP correlated well with the
      experimentally determined values of total proteolytic activity of the CSF.

PMID- 6812323
TI  - [Additional studies of the pathogenicity of aerobic spore-forming organisms
      (genus Bacillus) for mice].
AB  - An investigation of the parenteral pathogenic potential of aerobic spore-forming
      bacteria (genus Bacillus) in mice revealed that in the case of i.p. inoculation
      (0.5 ml suspension, 10(6)-10(7) viable cells per ml) only B. cereus was
      pathogenic, killing appr. one half of the inoculated animals (293 out of 577).
      Other bacilli (B. subtilis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus etc.) administered
      intraperitoneally did not produce any lethal effect. If inoculated
      intracerebrally, B. cereus killed appr. 90% of the mice (138 out of 155), while
      for other bacilli the rate was appr. 50% only (260 out of 529). It is suggested
      that most of the aerobic spore-forming organisms cultured from cases of hospital
      infections are B. cereus which, however, does not completely exclude the presence
      of other species.

PMID- 6812324
TI  - [Survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis on surfaces at different air-humidities].

PMID- 6812325
TI  - The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in surface water of canals and lakes, in
      ditches of one big polder and in the effluents and canals of a sewage treatment
      plant.

PMID- 6812326
TI  - [Economic aspects of intensive care in obstetrics].
AB  - An intensive obstetric care unit has been established at investment costs of
      646,167.--Mark which broke down into 220,248.--Mark for prepartum attention,
      268,010.--Mark for intrapartum attention, and 157,909.--Mark for neonatal
      attention. Operational expenditures on equipment and services were found to
      amount to 144,052.--Mark per annum.--Specific outlays resulted from intensive
      obstetrics, as compared to conventional procedures. They varied between 48.--Mark
      and 96.--Mark per delivery, depending on annual numbers of deliveries and on the
      use of equipment quantitatively adapted to requirements. Individual costs for
      intrapartum attention varied by bedside equipment combinations and turnover of
      patients (n/labour bed/d) and were between 12.--Mark and 36.10 Mark.--Something
      between 2000 and 3000 births per annum, with patient turnovers between 1.5 and
      2.0 per bed and die, was considered optimum. The cost of intensive obstetrics
      went up under such optimum conditions to something between 48.--Mark and 58.-
      Mark, with something between 14.80 Mark (BMT 504 biomonitor, Lineomat, FTS 101
      foetal-function recorder) and 21.60 Mark (BMT 9141 biomonitor, Lineomat) being
      required for intrapartum monitoring of one birth.--Reduction in perinatal
      mortality, as compared to figures of conventional obstetrics and to cost factor
      between 519,168.--Mark and 627,328.--Mark for equipment and other hardware,
      yielded a benefit for 10,816 births of something between 46.9 and 167,5 million
      Mark.

PMID- 6812327
TI  - [Safety, reactogenicity and efficacy of pyoimmunogen in immunizing burn
      patients].
AB  - A study of pyoimmunogen, a new immunological preparation recommended for the
      prophylaxis and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, was carried out.
      The immunization of 20 patients with traumas caused by burns showed that the
      preparation induced no postvaccinal reactions and had no pathological effect on
      the hemogram and blood proteins, while normalizing temperature and producing the
      statistically significant increase of the specific antibody titer. The injection
      of pyoimmunogen improved the general state of the patients and the state of the
      burn wounds and reduced the period of hospitalization 1.5 times.

PMID- 6812328
TI  - [Sequential isolation of the structural components of the cell wall of
      Streptococcus group A].
AB  - The scheme of the consecutive isolation of cell-wall components from group A
      streptococci, type 29, has been developed. Extraction by means of 1 M
      hydroxylamine buffer with pH 6.0 (stage 1) and 10.0 (stage II) has yielded
      proteins showing different behavior in the double immunodiffusion test in agar.
      The protein obtained at pH 6.0 has given cross reaction with antiserum to type 1,
      while the protein obtained at pH 10.0 has been found to react only with
      homologous serum to type 29. Extraction with 10% trichloroacetic acid at 4
      degrees C (stage III) and 5% trichloroacetic acid (stage IV) has resulted in
      obtaining, respectively, polysaccharide forming one line with group-specific
      antiserum to group A in the double immunodiffusion test and polysaccharide having
      no such activity. At the last stages the HCl extract of the cell-wall residue
      (stage V) and peptidoglycan (stage VI) have been obtained.

PMID- 6812329
TI  - [Importance of cross reactions in evaluating the serological diagnosis of human
      brucellosis. II. Examination of brucellosis patients by the passive
      hemagglutination reaction using homologous and heterologous erythrocyte
      diagnostica].
AB  - The study of 270 serum samples obtained from chronic brucellosis patients in the
      passive hemagglutination test have revealed that in the presence of specific
      brucellosis hemagglutinins cross reactions with Yersinia antigen may occur. This
      phenomenon is probably due to the presence of common antigenic determinants in
      the lipopolysaccharide fractions of Brucella abortus 99 and Yersinia
      enterocollitica 09. The passive hemagglutination test has revealed that 2
      mercaptoethanol-sensitive antibodies (IgM) to both homologous and heterologous
      antigens are mainly present in chronic brucellosis patients.

PMID- 6812330
TI  - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa survival in the abdominal cavity of mice immunized with
      vaccines made from the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota].
AB  - Active and passive immunization with heated and ribosomal vaccines prepared from
      the mutant of S. minnesota was found to enhance the inactivation of P. aeruginosa
      in the abdominal cavity of mice, but had no influence on the inactivation of
      staphylococci. The inactivating potency of antisera was due to the presence of
      IgM and IgG. Vaccines prepared from the S-forms of enterobacteria did not enhance
      the inactivation of P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6812331
TI  - [Cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs
      inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax].
AB  - The immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque,
      tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in
      lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this
      enzyme. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had
      been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. Besides, neutrophil leukocytes have
      shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific
      esterases. The study based on the evaluation of the activity of the above
      mentioned enzymes in lymphocytes and neutrophils has not revealed the predominant
      influence exercised by any of the antigens, different in their nature and used
      separately or in the form of a combined preparation, on immunogenesis.

PMID- 6812332
TI  - [Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - In this work the comparative data on the antigenic schemes of P. aeruginosa
      proposed by different authors are presented. The scheme of serological grouping,
      accepted in the USSR, has been brought into accord with the current nomenclature
      of O-antigens, proposed by Lanyi and Bergan. The O-antigen composition of the
      typing strains belonging to groups 3 and 9 according to the classification of
      Lanyi-Bergan has been deciphered, which allows one to extend the antigenic scheme
      of P. aeruginosa by introducing new antigenic variants.

PMID- 6812333
TI  - [Neurosecretory system of the hypothalamus in sudden cardiac deaths in man].

PMID- 6812334
TI  - A new era.

PMID- 6812335
TI  - Group JK diphteroids sepsis in a leukaemic patient.

PMID- 6812336
TI  - A simple lavage method for the cytologic sampling of DMBA-induced carcinomas of
      the hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - An effective, simple sampling device was developed to obtain improved cytologic
      specimens from the cheek pouches of hamsters; it was tested in the sampling of
      squamous-cell carcinomas induced with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA).
      Cellular samples collected by this modified syringe lavage-aspirator using Hanks'
      balanced salt solution contained an average of 1.3 X 10(5) cells per milliliter.
      Of the heterogeneous contents of the cheek pouch (food, debris, erythrocytes,
      leukocytes, macrophages, squamous cells, atypical cells and cancer cells), the
      cells of diagnostic significance from cancer and dysplasia were increased by this
      procedure to 3.7% of the cells recovered, as compared to 2.5% of the cells
      obtained by direct scraping of the same pouches. The inexpensive, disposable
      device allowed repeated sampling of cheek pouches without causing injury to the
      animals.

PMID- 6812337
TI  - Pituitary response to a dopamine antagonist at different times of the day in
      normal women.
AB  - In order to determine whether or not pituitary responsiveness to the dopaminergic
      antagonist clebopride changes during the nyctohemeral cycle, 10 healthy women
      with regular cycles were given 1 mg of clebopride orally at 09.00 h and 24.00 h
      with at least a 5 day interval between each test. In addition, 5 of the women
      were given a placebo instead of clebopride at midnight to evaluate the
      spontaneous hormonal changes. During the 24.00 h test the women had significantly
      higher (P less than 0.05) mean TSH basal levels. Serum prolactin (Prl) increased
      significantly (P less than 0.001) after clebopride administration while these
      changes did not occur when placebo was used instead of clebopride at midnight.
      The Prl response to clebopride was qualitatively similar at 09.00 h and at 24.00
      h. Clebopride given at midnight induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05)
      in serum TSH while this change did not occur when the drug was given at 09.00 h
      or when placebo was given at midnight. The administration of clebopride resulted
      in no discernible alternations in serum LH, FSH or GH in either the 09.00 h or
      the 24.00 h tests. Thus, Prl responses to clebopride were similar in the morning
      and at midnight, TSH significantly increased after clebopride at midnight whereas
      this did not occur when the drug was given in the morning, and no significant
      changes were induced in LH, FSH or GH at the times studied.

PMID- 6812338
TI  - Long-term effects of oestrogens in combination with gestagen on plasma prolactin
      and FSH levels in post-menopausal women.

PMID- 6812339
TI  - Release and synthesis of FSH by pituitary glands of female rats in vitro.
AB  - Anterior hemi-pituitary glands from intact female and ovariectomized (OVX) rats
      were incubated with or without a maximally effective dose of LRH. During an 8 h
      incubation, LRH-stimulated release of FSH by pituitary glands from intact rats
      was biphasic: an initial slow rate of release and, from 2 to 8 h, an enhanced
      rate of release. Basal release was low up to 4 h, after which a marked increase
      of the rate of release was measured: from 6 to 8 h there was no difference
      between the rates of basal and LRH-stimulated release. Basal and LRH-stimulated
      release of FSH by pituitary glands from OVX rats were high and approximately
      constant during an 8 h incubation. Both basal and LRH-stimulated release by
      glands from intact as well as OVX rats were protein synthesis dependent. During
      the incubations as LRH-independent synthesis is involved, either directly or
      indirectly, in increasing the rate of basal release of FSH after 4 h. A
      comparison of release and synthesis of FSH with those of LH reveals
      characteristic differences.

PMID- 6812340
TI  - Thyroid associated components in serum during normal pregnancy.
AB  - Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG(, thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA), thyroxine
      (T4), free-T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were
      studied throughout apparently normal pregnancy in 290 cases grouped in 2 week
      intervals. TBG increased to a plateau level reached in the 24th week and was
      hereafter unchanged until term. T4 showed an increase until the 16th week of
      pregnancy and levelled off to a constant level for the rest of the pregnancy.
      Free-T4 declined to almost subnormal values for the non-pregnancy state which was
      reached around the 20th week of pregnancy. T3 showed a slight and definite
      increase in the beginning of pregnancy and levelled off to a constant value after
      the 14th week. TSH increased towards the end of pregnancy also showing its
      maximum during the last 4 weeks. TBPA showed constant values throughout
      pregnancy. The results are discussed in view of the use of modern techniques and
      previously missing data in literature (TBPA).

PMID- 6812341
TI  - Inhibition of insulin secretion by L-thyroxine and D-thyroxine treatment in rats
      under the influence of drugs affecting the adrenergic nervous system.
AB  - Both L-thyroxine and D-thyroxine induced an inhibition of glucose-induced insulin
      secretion with comparable time- and dose-dependent characteristics. L-thyroxine
      was ten times more potent than D-thyroxine. While L-thyroxine and a ten times
      higher dose of D-thyroxine had a similar potency in inducing hyperthermia and
      hypocholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia in response to D-thyroxine was less
      pronounced than in response to L-thyroxine. This difference may be explained by a
      greater depletion of liver glycogen stores and consequently more limited capacity
      for provision of glucose for the circulation. The results support the view that
      the differences between L-thyroxine and D-thyroxine are quantitative. Adrenergic
      contribution to L-thyroxine- and D-thyroxine-induced inhibition of insulin
      secretion by rat pancreas is apparently of minor importance. Treatment of the
      rats with propranolol as well as with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine did not
      alleviate L-thyroxine- or D-thyroxine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by
      rat pancreas.

PMID- 6812342
TI  - Early detection of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. A
      longitudinal study of urinary albumin excretion.

PMID- 6812343
TI  - Dynamics of Prl release in galactorrhoeic normoprolactinaemic women.
AB  - Prl responsiveness to TRH and sulpiride was evaluated in 14 galactorrhoeic
      normoprolactinaemic women. Radiological signs of sellar alteration were present
      in 6 of these patients. Pituitary responses to TRH did not differ from those
      obtained in a group of 16 healthy women. Serum Prl levels after sulpiride were
      higher in the patients than in the controls (P less than 0.01). The delta max
      response was 256 +/- 16 SE vs 158 +/- 10.6 ng/ml in the control group (P less
      than 0.01). The mean integrated area after sulpiride was also greater 20738 +/-
      1263 SE ng/ml/2 h vs 13 188 +/- 408) (P less than 0.01). The markedly enhanced
      Prl response to sulpiride in our patients with galactorrhoea could be due to a
      functional disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or to a lactotrope
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 6812344
TI  - Influence of nandrolondecanoate on the pituitary-gonadal axis in males.
AB  - Different anabolic steroids can exercise different effects on the pituitary
      gonadal axis in males. During a pilot study regarding the possible beneficial
      effect of the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate (ND) on bone metabolism in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis additional endocrinological parameters were
      studies. A significant decrease was found in the serum levels of testosterone,
      androstenedione and FSH and the ratio of testosterone/oestradiol. There was a
      significant increase in the serum levels of oestrone. The levels of oestradiol,
      SHBG, LH and cortisol remained unchanged. An inhibitory effect of ND on
      testicular testosterone secretion is assumed. The decrease in androstenedione
      levels is explained by the diminished testosterone secretion. The rise in
      oestrone levels is explained by peripheral aromatizing of ND to oestrogens. The
      presented findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that sex steroids can
      act directly on the pituitary resulting in selective FSH and LH secretion. The
      possible role of the ratio testosterone/oestradiol in controlling gonadotrophin
      output is discussed.

PMID- 6812345
TI  - Calcium antagonists and hormone release. III. Role of calcium in the biphasic
      release of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in
      vivo.
AB  - Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that Ca2+ plays an essential role in
      gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH)
      release. In vivo, we have previously shown that verapamil, a substance known to
      inhibit calcium entry into cells, is capable of inhibiting basal gonadotrophin
      release as well as the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) in response to an iv bolus of GnRH. We have examined the effects of
      calcium antagonists on the two phases of pituitary LH release in response to
      constant GnRH infusion in normal subjects. In 6 men, constant infusion of GnRH
      (0.2 microgram/min x 4 h) resulted in the expected biphasic LH response, with an
      initial rapid release of LH during the first hour of infusion, followed by a
      second phase release during the subsequent 3 h. When verapamil (5 mg/h) was
      infused together with GnRH over a 4 h period, a significant decline of the rapid
      as well as delayed release of pituitary LH occurred. During the calcium
      antagonist infusion FSH release was also inhibited, indicating that Ca2+ is also
      important for the release of this hormone. Our data demonstrate that Ca2+ plays
      an essential role in the mechanism of GnRH action on both phases of LH release
      and the release of FSH in normal subjects.

PMID- 6812346
TI  - Pulsatile low dose luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone treatment for induction
      of follicular maturation and ovulation in women with amenorrhoea.

PMID- 6812347
TI  - Climacteric symptoms, fat mass, and plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, Prl,
      oestradiol-17 beta and androstenedione in the early post-menopausal period.

PMID- 6812348
TI  - Post-menopausal concentrations of plasma oestradiol, oestrone, FSH and LH and of
      total urinary oestradiol and oestrone after a single sublingual dose of
      oestradiol-17 beta.
AB  - We report the effects of sublingual absorption of a single dose (0.5 mg) of
      oestradiol-17 beta (E2) in 8 post-menopausal women, on plasma E2 and oestrone
      (E1), urine elimination of total E2 + E1 and on plasma FSH and LH. The results
      show that sublingual absorption of E2 occurs and that plasma concentrations of E2
      obtained (between 133.2 to 320 pmol/l) in this way were higher than those
      obtained after percutaneous absorption of a single dose (3 mg) of E2. The ratio
      E1/E2 in plasma is close to that of pre-menopausal women.

PMID- 6812349
TI  - The Florence sextuplets. Report of a case. Part one: study of the patient, the
      onset of pregnancy and its early stages.

PMID- 6812350
TI  - Drug induced immune-thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6812351
TI  - Bone marrow biopsy in solid cancer.
AB  - 205 patients with solid cancer, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi
      needle, regular type. 32 (16%) biopsies were positive for bone marrow metastases.
      Results were correlated with those of skeletal radioisotope scans, X-ray films
      and the complaint of bone pain, alone or combined. 27 of 131 (17.5%) patients
      with positive X-ray film and 31 of 110 patients (28.1%) who complained of bone
      pain had a positive bone marrow biopsy. 17 of 46 (36.9%) patients with 3 positive
      parameters had a positive bone marrow biopsy as compared with none of 18 patients
      whose these 3 parameters were negative. Average values of Hb, WBC, serum alkaline
      phosphatase and calcium did not differ between patients with positive or negative
      bone marrow biopsy. 86 patients were diagnosed to have bone metastases and 35
      more patients were diagnosed within a year following the biopsy. Of these 121
      patients, 46 of 46 with positive scan, X-ray and pain were diagnosed to have bone
      metastases as compared to 27 of 30 patients with a positive scan with pain but
      negative X-ray film. Only 1 of 18 patients with negative parameters was diagnosed
      as having bone metastases within a year from biopsy. In our experience, it is of
      no value (unlike in malignant lymphoma and oat cell carcinoma of lung) to obtain
      a bone marrow biopsy for the detection of bone marrow micrometastases in
      asymptomatic cancer patients with negative skeletal radioisotope scan and
      negative bone X-ray films.

PMID- 6812353
TI  - Use of antithrombin concentrate in stable diffuse intravascular coagulation. A
      case report.

PMID- 6812352
TI  - Group-specific auto-immune antibodies directed to granulocytes as a cause of
      chronic benign neutropenia in infants.
AB  - Chronic benign neutropenia of infancy is a disease which develops a few months
      after birth and which is characterized by a severe selective neutropenia,
      accompanied by benign but persisting infections. The cause of the disease is
      still unknown. The sera from 5 such patients were tested for the presence of
      granulocyte antibodies as a possible cause of the disease. For the detection of
      these antibodies immunofluorescence, agglutination and granulocytotoxicity were
      used. All sera contained antibodies which reacted both with the neutrophils of
      one or both parents of the patient and a part of a panel of unrelated donors.
      From the reaction patterns against the panel we could identify the specificity of
      three sera. Two sera were directed to the neutrophil-specific antigen NA2, and
      the third one reacted with a hitherto not yet recognized neutrophil-specific
      alloantigen which we called NE1. In 4 patients we could confirm the autoimmune
      character of the disease by demonstrating the antibody on the patients' own
      granulocytes. These results suggest that autoimmunity may be the cause of many
      cases of benign infantile neutropenia.

PMID- 6812354
TI  - Factor VII Padua defect: the heterozygote population.
AB  - 14 heterozygote patients, belonging to three families with factor VII Padua
      defect were investigated. All patients were asymptomatic but presented a mild
      prolongation of prothrombin time. Factor VII activity varied between 45 and 61%
      of normal and no overlap was found with the homozygous or the normal populations.
      On the contrary, factor VII cross-reacting material was normal. A good negative
      correlation was found between factor VII level and prothrombin times. All
      patients came from the same valley of northeastern Italy. This valley, the Piave
      river valley, is not far from the valley where the factor X Friuli defect was
      found. The significance of this peculiar geographical distribution of the two
      abnormalities is unknown.

PMID- 6812355
TI  - Effect of glucocorticosteroids on some coagulation tests.

PMID- 6812356
TI  - Ultrastructural and chromosomal studies in a patient with hypergranular (M3)
      promyelocytic leukemia with two abnormal clones.

PMID- 6812357
TI  - Spontaneously acquired factor VIII inhibitor in a 7-year-old girl.
AB  - The youngest case with spontaneously acquired inhibitor to factor VIII is
      reported. A 7-year-old girl without any previous disorders presented with a
      hemarthrosis in the left knee and developed a rapidly expanding hematoma on the
      right arm, shoulder and chest after an initial infusion of factor VIII
      concentrate (1,000 units). Circulating antifactor VIII antibody was detected. Her
      coagulopathy was successfully managed with an additional massive infusion of
      factor VIII concentrate (7,500 units) and combination therapy of prednisolone and
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6812358
TI  - Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate contents and oxygen affinity in heterozygous beta
      thalassaemia.

PMID- 6812359
TI  - Sickle cell gene and liver functions in a Sudanese population.
AB  - 401 subjects of both sexes and with ages ranging from 5 to 50 years were
      investigated for haemoglobin phenotypes by starch-gel electrophoresis.
      Concentrations of blood haemoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, globulin,
      total cholesterol and serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) were determined to
      examine the influence of the sickle cell gene on these biochemical parameters.
      The carriers of sickle cell trait had higher levels of SGOT and SGPT compared to
      those with haemoglobin A and homozygous sickle cell haemoglobin. The carriers of
      homozygous sickle cell had lower levels of haemoglobin, total cholesterol and
      transaminases. No significant difference was observed in serum protein
      concentration in relation to the presence of sickle cell gene.

PMID- 6812360
TI  - IgG antiplatelet antibodies due to carbamazepine.

PMID- 6812361
TI  - Does the monthly frequency of medullary aplasia vary throughout the year? An
      analysis of the Cooperative Group Study of Aplastic and Refractory Anemias.

PMID- 6812362
TI  - Carbamazepine (Tegretol)-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6812363
TI  - Thrombocytopenia secondary to oxprenolol, a beta-blocking agent.

PMID- 6812364
TI  - Monoclonal immunoproliferative disorder of B-lymphocytes IgD/lambda changing from
      chronic lymphocytic leukaemia to myeloma and plasmacytic leukaemia pattern.
AB  - An immunoproliferative disorder with M component IgD/lambda and a strong decrease
      of the other Ig classes in the serum is reported. The peculiarity of this
      disorder consists in the shift from a predominant chronic lymphocytic leukaemic
      pattern, at the beginning, to a true myeloma with plasmacytic leukaemia
      IgD/lambda several months later. The possibility of the removal, in this case, of
      the initial precocious block with derepression or 'switch on' in transformation
      of the malignant lymphocyte clone and, consequently, change of a type of
      malignant lymphoma into another more evoluted and more malignant type is
      discussed.

PMID- 6812365
TI  - The iron status of Italian subjects with beta-thalassemia trait.
AB  - Serum iron, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and urinary iron excretion
      have been tested in a group of Italian subjects with beta-thalassemia trait. A
      number of these subjects, mostly men, had signs of increased iron load. Serum
      ferritin was the most sensitive index among those measured for detection of iron
      overload and was positively correlated with desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron
      excretion. Italian males with beta-thalassemia trait may be at high risk of
      developing iron overload even without prolonged iron or transfusional therapy.

PMID- 6812367
TI  - Erythrocyte cation content, globin chain synthesis and glucose metabolism in
      dysmyelopoietic syndromes.
AB  - Red blood cells (RBC) from 13 patients suffering from dysmyelopoietic syndromes
      (DMPS) have been studied. About half of these subjects showed an abnormal Na+ and
      K+ leakage of their RBC, which were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The mean
      rate of the glycolytic pathway increased significantly and the glycolysis values
      correlated well with the Na+ gain. Moreover, 9 out of the 13 patients showed an
      abnormal biosynthetic ratio of haemoglobin chains in their reticulocytes. Since
      the multiple defects in DMPS erythrocytes do not seem clearly linked by cause
      effect relationships, they probably derive from several cooperating factors in
      pathological erythroid precursors, leading to RBC membrane damage.

PMID- 6812368
TI  - G6Pd Kanazawa: a new variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with
      congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A new variant of G6PD associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia
      (CNSHA) in a Japanese male is described. This variant is unique in that it has a
      normal electrophoretic mobility, normal Km for glucose-6-phosphate and NADP, and
      a normal utilization of the substrate 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate and deamino
      NADP. It also shows a decreased thermal stability and a biphasic pH curve. These
      characteristics distinguish this variant from previously reported variants
      associated with CNSHA and we have called it G6PD Kanazawa.

PMID- 6812366
TI  - Intensive iron chelation therapy in beta-thalassemia major: some effects on iron
      metabolism and blood transfusion dependence.
AB  - Subcutaneous infusions of Desferal (DF) rarely induce negative iron balance in
      thalassemia major patients less than 6 years old. In nonsplenectomized patients
      the requirements for blood transfusions increase slightly. Urinary iron excretion
      decreases during the first days following a blood transfusion. An average of 5.8
      mg/day equivalent to 30% of the total iron excretion is eliminated with the feces
      after subcutaneous infusions of DF. Serum ferritin does not decrease
      significantly after 18-24 months of therapy. The effectiveness of long-term
      therapy progressively increases in the splenectomized patients, while it
      decreases appreciably in the course of the treatment in the nonsplenectomized
      ones.

PMID- 6812369
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were investigated in sera of 13 patients with
      paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A significant inhibition was observed in the
      complement-dependent rosette formation (EAC) in 6 cases; 2 patients presented an
      increased anticomplementary activity; antilymphocyte antibodies were demonstrated
      in 2 patients. The levels of C3d and immunoconglutinins were also increased;
      there were no differences in the total hemolytic complement between patients and
      normal controls. There was a significant correlation between C3d and
      immunoconglutinins with the inhibition of the EAC rosette formation test. These
      results provide evidence for the presence of circulating immune complexes in
      paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 6812370
TI  - Platelet to leukocyte adherence phenomena. (Platelet satellitism) and
      phagocytosis by neutrophils associated with in vitro platelet dysfunction.
AB  - Platelet to leukocyte adhesion phenomena (PLAP) and the phagocytosis of platelets
      by neutrophils from the EDTA anticoagulated blood samples are described. PLAP was
      transferable to a normal blood specimen by patient's plasma or serum with or
      without complement. Further studies revealed in vitro evidence of hereditary
      platelet dysfunction. In vivo study of platelet survival and in vitro analysis of
      platelet membrane glycoproteins were normal. We conclude that PLAP can be seen in
      an asymptomatic individual with in vitro evidence of hereditary platelet
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6812371
TI  - Coagulation inhibitors in short-cycle manic-depressives.

PMID- 6812372
TI  - Simultaneous presentation of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6812373
TI  - Tumour lysis syndrome with hypocalcaemia in accelerated chronic granulocytic
      leukaemia.
AB  - Tumour lysis syndrome is a well-known complication of lymphoid malignancies, but
      it has rarely been described in myeloproliferative disorders. A patient is
      reported with myeloblastic type of accelerated chronic granulocytic leukaemia who
      developed a tumour lysis syndrome following intensive chemotherapy. The most
      prominent manifestation of such a syndrome was hypocalcaemia, which was
      associated with other biochemical alterations, including hyperphosphataemia,
      hyperuricaemia and renal failure.

PMID- 6812374
TI  - Aggressive plasma cell myeloma.

PMID- 6812375
TI  - Incidence, prognostic significance and therapeutic modalities of central nervous
      system involvement in multiple myeloma.
AB  - In 114 patients with systemic malignant gammopathies followed during a 10-year
      period in the hematology clinic of the Rambam Medical Center, 23 episodes of CNS
      involvement were recorded. 19 cases with spinal cord compression and 4 cases of
      intracranial plasmacytomas. Early diagnosis followed by prompt laminectomy and
      subsequent radiotherapy resulted in complete recovery in 50% and partial
      improvement in 30% of the patients with spinal cord involvement. In good
      responders. overall survival was not affected by the neurological complication.
      In the 4 patients with intracranial involvement, external plasmacytomas of the
      skull preceded the neurological symptoms. 3 of them were diagnosed late, which
      led to delay and failure of accurate treatment. Only 1 patient was immediately
      operated and continued to be well for the past 2 years.

PMID- 6812376
TI  - Phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption by peripheral leukocytes from patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes was assayed by means of
      oxygen consumption in 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 22
      normal individuals. The method in which zymosan was added to a small volume of
      whole blood enabled us to assay quantitatively and rapidly both the phagocytosis
      connected oxygen consumption and the opsonizing time. The degree of oxygen
      consumption by phagocytes from SLE patients was not significantly different from
      that in normals. Opsonizing time of zymosan by autologous serum in SLE patients
      did not differ from that in normals either. It should be emphasized, however,
      that the opsonizing time of zymosan in SLE patients was inversely correlated with
      serum complement level, especially C3 level (coefficient of correlation = -0.76,
      p less than 0.001). This raises the possibility that the phagocytosis may be
      delayed in SLE patients with low titers of C3.

PMID- 6812377
TI  - The possible role of the spleen in the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by
      neutrophils.
AB  - Patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and individuals who have undergone
      splenectomy have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Reports of
      variable capacity of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by neutrophils from
      patients with SCA suggest that there may be a polymorphonuclear dysfunction in
      this disease. In order to assess the role of the spleen in this neutrophil
      abnormality we carried out the NBT test on neutrophils from normal or
      splenectomized individuals and from patients with SCA, sickle cell trait and
      sickle-cell-beta-thalassaemia (S-thal). Decreased NBT scores were observed in SCA
      and in splenectomized control individuals. In the S-thal group, most of the non
      splenectomized patients had normal or near normal NBT scores while all
      splenectomized patients exhibited decreased values. These results indicate a
      possible contribution of the spleen in the pathogenesis of this neutrophil
      dysfunction. The mechanism of this participation is unknown.

PMID- 6812378
TI  - An oxygen-consuming model lung for evaluation of anaesthetic circuits.
AB  - We have constructed an oxygen-consuming model lung based on pure combustion of
      hydrogen. Besides consuming oxygen the model produces water vapour, and carbon
      dioxide is delivered to the lung, thus mimicking carbon dioxide production.
      Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production can be set at desired values.
      The model lung can be used for investigations on and evaluation of all types of
      anaesthesia circuits. Results in a circle system with carbon dioxide absorption
      show that FIO2 is related to the fresh gas flow. The end tidal CO2 level is
      correlated to the alveolar ventilation and cannot be used for predicting FIO2.

PMID- 6812379
TI  - Metabolic changes after tourniquet release.
AB  - During routine capnography a rise of the end expiratory volume percentage CO2 was
      seen after releasing the tourniquet cuff in cases of orthopedic operations on the
      lower extremities under bloodless conditions. The patients were intubated and
      ventilated mechanically. In eight patients the relationship between this finding
      and the arterial bloodgas values were studied at one minute before and at one,
      ten and thirty minutes after releasing the tourniquet cuff. The end expiratory
      volume percentage CO2 increased from 4.21 +/- 0.22 to 4.83 +/- 0.26 one minute
      after releasing tourniquetischemia and even to 5.49 +/- 0.68 after three minutes.
      PaCO2 increased in one minute from 4.83 +/- 0.49 to 6.22 +/- 0.50 kPa (36.2 +/-
      3.7 to 46.6 +/- 3.7 mm Hg). The pH, st. HCO-3 and base excess decreased in one
      minute from resp. 7.45 +/- 0.04, 27.16 +/- 1.04 mmol/l (mEq/l) and + 2.85 +/-
      1.29 mmol/l (mEq/l) to 7.34 +/- 0.04, 24.75 +/- 1.16 mmol/l (mEq/l) and - 0.18 +/
      1.49 mmol/l (mEq/l). The capnographic values seems to reflect bloodgas changes.
      The findings were compared with recent literature.

PMID- 6812380
TI  - Continuous infusion of alfentanil.
AB  - The administration of alfentanil by continuous infusion as supplementation to
      nitrous oxide for shortlasting anesthesias has been studied in 51 patients.
      Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 4 to 5 mg/kg-1. Analgesia was performed by
      a continuous infusion of alfentanil (0.1 mg.ml-1 in glucose 5%) preceded by a
      bolus injection of 0.5 mg alfentanil i.v. Supplementations of 0.25 mg alfentanil
      i.v. were given if indicated. The patients were divided into 4 groups, according
      to the rate of infusion (group I: 4 mg.hr-1; group II: 5 mg.hr-1) and to the
      addition of either droperidol (group III) or domperidone (group IV). Anesthesia
      was satisfactory in all cases. Alfentanil given by continuous infusion (4 mg/hr
      1) preceded by a bolus injection (0.5 mg) provided a good basic analgesia. With
      this method of administration the awakening time was shorter and less analgesic
      was needed than after incremental dosages of alfentanil. Droperidol, almost
      abolished nausea and vomiting postoperatively. It, however, clearly potentiated
      the effect of alfentanil. Domperidone given instead of droperidol had no or
      little effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 6812381
TI  - Crossed cerebellar atrophy: an old problem revisited.

PMID- 6812382
TI  - Immunoglobulins and complement factors in senile plaques. An immunoperoxidase
      study.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase techniques were used to obtain information about the possible
      presence of serum factors in senile plaques. We found only in plaques consisting
      of an amyloid core surrounded by a corona of degenerating neurites small amounts
      of IgG and light chains (kappa and lambda). These immunoglobulins were
      principally localized in the corona and not in the central amyloid core. Further
      it was found that all plaques contain the complement factors C1q, C3b, C3c, C3d
      and C4. Senile plaques lacked C5, C3 pro-activator and properdin. The possible
      significance of these findings in the genesis of the senile plaques and amyloid
      formation is discussed.

PMID- 6812383
TI  - Peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of gonadal steroids and CEA in women
      with ovarian tumors.

PMID- 6812384
TI  - Management of pregnancies with rare blood types.
AB  - Pregnant women with antibodies to high incidence blood group antigens should be
      diagnosed as early as possible and red blood cells should be stored frozen for
      future possible needs. Either autologous, compatible siblings or unrelated
      individuals' red blood cells should be frozen. The application of such a program
      is described in three pregnant women with exceedingly rare antibodies to high
      incidence blood group antigens (anti-Lutheranb, and PP1Pk, and anti c with blood
      type B CCddee Du negative).

PMID- 6812385
TI  - Effects of two years' estrogen-gestagen replacement on climacteric symptoms and
      gonadotropins in the early postmenopausal period.
AB  - The effects of estrogen/gestagen (e/g) treatment given in a 28-day cycle
      (Trisequens forteR, Novo) on menopausal symptoms and plasma concentrations of
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were studied in a
      placebo trial. 119 normal women in the early postmenopausal period with mild to
      moderate climacteric complaints were included. At 3-month intervals for 2 years
      the participants were examined and filled in questionnaires containing the 11
      symptoms of the Kupperman index (10). For each symptom a score was given. In the
      e/g group 77% (43/56) completed the trial compared with 83% (54/63) in the
      control group. A total of 61% of the women complained of hot flushes and from 9%
      to 44% complained of the remaining 10 Kupperman symptoms. At all eight
      examinations e/g treatment was found to have reduced the symptom score as well as
      the proportion of women with hot flushes, paresthesia, insomnia, nervousness,
      vertigo and formication. The symptom score of hot flushes and insomnia declined
      significantly (p less than 0.01). In the 24 women with hot flushes and in the 19
      without, e/g caused similar reduction in the mean score of the other 10 symptoms.
      No placebo effect was seen. E/g caused a significant (p less than 0.01) fall in
      the elevated plasma concentrations of FSH and LH. Vaginal bleeding was regular in
      38/43 and irregular in 4/43 women during hormone treatment. No serious side
      effects were attributed to e/g therapy. It is concluded that e/g treatment, in
      addition to its beneficial effects on hot flushes and insomnia, also alleviates
      several other climacteric symptoms.

PMID- 6812386
TI  - Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hamster nasal organ culture.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae was inoculated into organ cultures of hamster nasal mucosa
      and trachea in order to observe the growth curve of the organisms, changes in the
      ciliary activity, and histological findings. M. pneumoniae cells proliferated in
      the culture medium during the incubation. A relationship between the inoculum
      size of mycoplasmas and cilia-stopping effect was observed. Formalin-inactivated
      mycoplasmas did not affect the ciliary activity of nasal mucosa at all.
      Histopathologically, the epithelial cell layers were flattened and cilia were
      deficient in cultures showing high ciliary-stopping activities. Mycoplasmas were
      found to have been grown and attached to cilia and epithelial cells when examined
      by electron micrography. The nasal mucosa organ cultures were more sensitive to
      the cilia-stopping effect of M. pneumoniae than were the tracheal mucosa organ
      cultures. The relationship between the pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae in human
      sinusitis and their cilia-stopping effect on nasal mucosa is discussed.

PMID- 6812387
TI  - Effect of penicillin on the morphology of a Neisseria meningitidis strain not
      liberating free endotoxin. An electron microscopy study.
AB  - A strain of Neisseria meningitidis which did not release filtrable endotoxin
      during in vitro growth was treated with 100 times MIC values of benzylpenicillin.
      After 2 h of exposure to penicillin, most of the bacterial cells were
      plasmolysed, and only a few bacteria were alive after 20 h. The peptidoglycan
      layer could be demonstrated in samples investigated after 2 h of penicillin
      treatment, but was undetectable after 20 h. Only a few outer cell wall
      structures, small enough to be filtered through a 0.45 micrometer filter were
      separated from the bacterial cells. Such structures could be observed in all
      samples studied, both untreated as well as treated cells cultures. This
      observation corresponded well to the very low content of free endotoxin in
      filtrates from the samples. Adhesiveness between completely divided cells and
      between aggregates of cells and cell wall structures was a characteristic finding
      in the untreated control cultures, but penicillin treatment seemed to amplify
      this tendency.

PMID- 6812388
TI  - Genetic linkage between serogroup specificity and antibiotic resistance in
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - In previous works statistically significant differences were demonstrated in
      antibiotic susceptibility between gonococcal strains of the recently described W
      serogroups, W I, W II and W III, respectively. Strains of serogroup W I were
      almost always sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics while those of the W
      II and W III serogroups showed a higher incidence of decreased susceptibility.
      Transformation experiments were therefore undertaken with an antibiotic sensitive
      serogroup W I gonococcal strain as recipient and a multi-resistant W II strain as
      DNA-donor. Transformants, with increased resistance to penicillin and several
      other antibiotics as compared with the recipient, acquired the same serogroup
      specificity as the W II donor. With one of these W II transformants as donor and
      the sensitive W I strain as recipient all transformants acquired the same
      antibiotic susceptibility pattern as well as the same serogroup as the donor. SDS
      PAGE, performed on sarkosyl extracted outer membrane proteins from donor,
      recipient and some transformants, showed an increase in the molecular weight of
      the Protein I of the outer membrane of the W II transformants as compared with
      that of the recipient strain. In rocket-line and crossed-line
      immunoelectrophoresis the W II transformants could not be distinguished from the
      W II donor strain. A genetic linkage between antibiotic multi-resistance and
      serogroup W II specificity was thus shown. This is in agreement with the
      demonstrated higher incidence of W II strains with increased antibiotic
      resistance as compared with that of serogroup W I strains.

PMID- 6812389
TI  - Embryotoxicity of industrial chemicals on the chicken embryo: thiourea
      derivatives.
AB  - Six thioureas: 1,3-diphenylthiourea (DPTU), 1,3-dibutylthiourea (DBTU),
      tetramethylthiourea (TEMTU), trimethylthiourea (TRIMTU), 1,3-diethylthiourea
      (DETU), and 1,3-ethylenethiourea (ETU), were tested, in addition to carbon
      disulfide, on three day chicken embryos for embryotoxicity. The parameters
      measured were early deaths, recorded within two days of injection, late deaths of
      malformed embryos, late deaths of non-malformed embryos, and malformed survivors.
      The order of total embryotoxicity decreased as follows DBTU greater than DPTU
      greater than TEMTU greater than TRIMTU greater than DETU greater than ETU. The
      range for ED50 values for total embryotoxicity was from 0.28 (DBTU) to 4.5 (ETU)
      mumol/egg. DBTU caused early deaths but no malformations. TEMTU and DPTU were the
      most potent teratogens.

PMID- 6812390
TI  - Ionic mechanisms of neutral amino acids and 5-hydroxytryptamine presynaptic
      inhibition in the spinal afferents.

PMID- 6812391
TI  - Predictors of successful rehabilitation in long-stay patients.
AB  - Fifty-one long-stay psychiatric patients admitted to a new rehabilitation unit
      were followed up for 3-4 years. Two groups were identified, one (n = 29) where
      significant progress had been made, and a second (n = 22) where no significant
      progress had been made. The groups were compared on a number of demographic
      measures and on measures of mental state, social behaviour, self-care skills, and
      work performance in hospital. The only items which successfully differentiated
      the groups related to self-care skills such as use of money, catering ability,
      and care of clothes. The implications of these findings for future rehabilitation
      policy are discussed.

PMID- 6812392
TI  - Neuropeptides and spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6812393
TI  - Enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase ("enkephalinase"): assay, properties, and
      distribution in human brain and exploration of the active site.

PMID- 6812394
TI  - Action of naloxone and TRH on the autonomic regulation of circulation.

PMID- 6812395
TI  - Biological utilization of some selenium- and sulfur-containing amino acids.

PMID- 6812396
TI  - Genetic disorders of collagen metabolism.

PMID- 6812397
TI  - Vitamins in parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6812398
TI  - Pyridoxine and depression: neuroendocrine aspects.
AB  - Plasma prolactin levels (PRL) were determined in 5 male depressed patients and in
      5 controls, after injection of TRH (200 mg i.v.) (first phase), TRH following
      oral L-DOPA (500 mg) given 90 minutes before (second phase), TRH plus pyridoxine
      (300 mg i.v.) after same pretreatment with L-Dopa (third phase). L-Dopa induced a
      statistically significant suppression of TRH, caused PRL release; such
      suppression appears to be lower when TRH plus pyridoxine were administered
      simultaneously. PRL profile was not significantly different in the two groups.

PMID- 6812399
TI  - Angiographic contrast agents: conventional and new media compared.
AB  - The contrast agents in current use are generally safe, but have certain
      undesirable side effects. These can be divided into four major areas: systemic
      reactions, cardiac effects, renal effects, and general vascular effects. For the
      most part, particularly in regard to cardiac and vascular manifestations, adverse
      effects are due to a combination of hypertonicity of the ionic contrast agent to
      blood, calcium binding, and direct chemical toxicity of the specific anion used.
      There have been many attempts to develop new agents, with a primary aim of
      lessening the adverse effects. Several of these compounds have undergone
      extensive experimental evaluation and are currently being used in clinical
      trials. All of these new agents have lower tonicity than conventional media at
      the same iodine content. They also appear to bind calcium less. Compared to
      conventional agents, these new compounds have less effect on the vessel wall and
      probably on blood coagulation, less effect on renal function, which is
      particularly important in patients with compromised renal function, and less
      effect on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. They also seem to
      cause much less discomfort during peripheral arteriography than current contrast
      media. These new agents may be commercially available by 1984 and probably will
      be significantly more expensive than conventional agents. It is not yet clear,
      because of higher cost, whether these agents will be used for all patients, or
      only for patients at particular risk of side effects from conventional contrast
      media.

PMID- 6812400
TI  - Barium collections in the stomach mimicking intraluminal diverticula.

PMID- 6812401
TI  - Replacement of obstructed loop and pigtail nephrostomy and biliary drains.

PMID- 6812402
TI  - Proliferative disorders of the plasma cell.
AB  - The incidence of plasma cell malignancies increases with age. Since the average
      age of the American population is increasing, family physicians can expect to
      diagnose and manage an increasing number of these patients. Symptomatology is
      varied and, in early stages, subtle. The principal entities are multiple myeloma.
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and heavy chain diseases. Comparatively benign
      disorders include benign monoclonal gammopathy and plasmacytoma. The cornerstone
      for diagnosis of plasma cell malignancies is serum immunoglobulin
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 6812404
TI  - Nitroglycerin patches: further comments.

PMID- 6812403
TI  - Use of radionuclide ventriculography for assessment of changes in myocardial
      performance induced by disopyramide phosphate.
AB  - Disopyramide phosphate may precipitate heart failure in susceptible patients with
      cardiomegaly. To identify those at risk, gated radionuclide ventriculography
      (RVG) was performed in two groups. Eleven patients without evidence of structural
      heart disease constituted group 1, and 12 with impaired ventricular function made
      up group 2. RVG was carried out before and 2 hours after administration of a
      single 300-mg dose of disopyramide orally. After disopyramide mean left
      ventricular ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the 12 patients in group 2 (35%
      to 26%) (p less than 0.01); depression of function was most pronounced in regions
      with the poorest baseline value. Of the 11 patients in group 1 (mean EF 60%), EF
      was reduced after disopyramide in only one. Serum levels of drugs were comparable
      in patients in both groups (3.1 vs. 3.7 micrograms/ml). We conclude that (1)
      patients with left ventricular dysfunction are particularly susceptible to the
      depressant effects of disopyramide; (2) RVG is a sensitive technique for
      detecting disopyramide-induced changes in ventricular performance; and (3) RVG
      before and shortly after a dose of disopyramide orally may help to identify those
      patients at high risk.

PMID- 6812405
TI  - Long-term follow-up of verapamil and nitrate treatment for coronary artery spasm.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with coronary artery spasm and minor coronary
      atherosclerosis (34) or normal coronary arteries (3) were followed up long-term.
      All had angina at rest, 32 had nocturnal angina, and 13 had a positive exercise
      test with S-T elevation. Three had a previous subendocardial infarction; 10 had
      had serious arrhythmias, which caused syncope in 7. At last review, 21 months
      (range 1 to 61) after starting therapy, 27 patients continued on verapamil, 314
      (120 to 600) mg/day; 4 who did not respond to verapamil were taking nifedipine,
      58 (30 to 80) mg/day; and 16 were also taking isosorbide dinitrate, 41 (20 to 80)
      mg/day. Of the 31 patients on therapy, 21 were asymptomatic, 9 were improved (1
      to 4 attacks/month), and 1 had an average of 8 anginal attacks/month; the
      remaining 6 had stopped therapy and 5 were asymptomatic a mean of 10 (3 to 18)
      months after stopping. The exercise test became negative in all 12 patients
      tested on therapy, although 3 required nitrates in addition to verapamil or
      nifedipine. In 26 supervised treatment withdrawals in the hospital, a mean of 15
      (1 to 55) months on therapy, 10 developed angina in less than 48 hours. Angina
      recurred in all 6 unsupervised, patient-initiated withdrawals. Failure to stop
      smoking was positively associated with recurrence of angina on treatment
      withdrawal (p less than 0.02). Long-term treatment of coronary artery spasm with
      verapamil or nifedipine together with isosorbide dinitrate was well tolerated and
      effectively relieved angina. No documented serious arrhythmias, syncopal
      episodes, myocardial infarction, or death occurred during follow-up.

PMID- 6812406
TI  - Antiarrhythmic, antifibrillatory, and hemodynamic actions of bethanidine sulfate:
      an orally effective analog of bretylium for suppression of ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Bethanidine sulfate is a chemical and pharmacologic analog of bretylium tosylate
      that has virtually identical antifibrillatory and inotropic actions on the heart.
      Bretylium is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration
      specifically for the "prophylaxis and treatment of ventricular fibrillation."
      Unlike bretylium, which is poorly absorbed from the gut and limited to parenteral
      use, oral bethanidine is absorbed rapidly. Bethanidine was given to 23 patients
      with recurrent multiple drug refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.
      Eighteen patients (78%) had complete suppression of spontaneous or
      electrophysiologically inducible tachyarrhythmias; 3 were improved and 2 had no
      benefit. In 6 of a 9 patient subgroup studied by programmed electrophysiologic
      drug testing, bethanidine completely prevented previously inducible ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias at the maximal stimulus tested (including 4 extrastimuli and
      burst-pacing at 10 times threshold). Cardiac output measured in 6 patients 1 to 2
      hours after bethanidine was increased in 4, unchanged in 2, and decreased in 1.
      Ten patients on long-term therapy with bethanidine and protriptylene (to prevent
      orthostatic hypotension) have been free of arrhythmias from 2 to 26 (average 13)
      months.

PMID- 6812408
TI  - Plasma carnitine levels during total parenteral nutrition of adult surgical
      patients.

PMID- 6812407
TI  - Verapamil therapy for Prinzmetal's variant angina: comparison with placebo and
      nifedipine.
AB  - This study was performed (1) to assess the efficacy and safety of verapamil in
      patients with variant angina, and (2) to compare verapamil and nifedipine in
      patients with this clinical syndrome. In 27 patients, placebo and verapamil were
      administered in a long-term randomized, and double-blind study of 9 months'
      duration. In comparison to placebo, verapamil reduced the frequency of angina,
      nitroglycerin usage, transient episodes of electrocardiographic S-T segment
      deviation (as assessed by 2-channel Holter monitoring), and hospitalizations
      required for clinical instability. Subsequently, 23 patients were treated with
      nifedipine in a nonblind fashion for 2 months, and this agent exerted a
      beneficial effect similar to that of verapamil. Finally, gated equilibrium blood
      pool scintigraphy, performed in 10 patients at rest and during exercise during
      treatment with placebo, verapamil, and nifedipine, demonstrated that neither
      calcium antagonist caused a deterioration of left ventricular performance. Thus,
      (1) long-term oral verapamil and nifedipine are each superior to placebo and are
      of similar efficacy in patients with variant angina, and (2) neither agent
      adversely influences left ventricular performance in patients with relatively
      normal left ventricular function.

PMID- 6812409
TI  - Skeletal muscle function in malnutrition.
AB  - Skeletal muscle function was studied in 10 malnourished patients with various
      gastrointestinal disorders and in 22 normal subjects. The function of the
      adductor pollicis muscle was assessed by electrical stimulation of the ulnar
      nerve. The objective parameters of muscle function measured were: 1) Force of
      contraction expressed as a percentage of the maximal force obtained with
      electrical stimulation at 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 Hz. 2) Maximal relaxation rate
      expressed as percentage force loss/!10 ms. 3) Endurance expressed as percentage
      force loss/30 s. The force of contraction at 10 Hz was higher in malnourished
      patients compared with normal subjects, with a mean +/- SEM (n) of 43.0 +/- 4.2%
      (n = 10) and 28.8 +/- 1.2% (n = 22), respectively, (p less than 0.001). The
      maximal relaxation rate was slower in patients compared with normals with a mean
      +/- SEM (n) of 7.2 +/- 0.4% (n = 9) ad 9.6 +/- 0.2% (n = 22), respectively, (p
      less than 0.001). Muscle endurance testing showed an increased force loss with
      prolonged tetanic stimulation in patients compared with normals, with a mean +/-
      SEM (n) of 29.1 +/- 4.0% (n = 7) and 3.5 +/- 0.8% (n = 22), respectively, (p less
      than 0.001). Four patients were restudied after a 4-wk period of total parenteral
      nutrition, with a significant improvement in muscle function parameters.
      Malnutrition results in both increased muscle fatiguability and an altered
      pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation which are reversible by nutritional
      supplementation. This technique promises to be valuable in assessing the
      functional effects of malnutrition and the response to nutritional support.

PMID- 6812410
TI  - The DiGeorge syndrome and the fetal alcohol syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with clinical and laboratory features of the DiGeorge syndrome had
      a definite history of maternal alcoholism. Certain clinical abnormalities in the
      patients were characteristic of the DiGeorge syndrome as well as the fetal
      alcohol syndrome, including abnormalities of the eyes, ears, mouth, face,
      cardiovascular system, CNS, and immune system. Maternal alcoholism may result in
      the DiGeorge syndrome either as the single causative factor or in conjunction
      with other as yet unknown teratogens.

PMID- 6812411
TI  - Hypertonic formula resulting from added oral medications.
AB  - Necrotizing enterocolitis developed in a premature infant after a medication in
      elixir form, calcium glubionate, was added to his feedings. The osmolalities of
      this medication and four others--theophylline elixir, phenobarbital elixir,
      dexamethasone elixir, and digoxin elixir--were measured by freezing-point
      depression and compared with the osmolalities of the analogous intravenous (IV)
      preparations. The osmolalities of the IV preparations were much lower than those
      of the corresponding oral preparations, except in the case of digoxin. When
      clinically appropriate doses of dexamethasone and phenobarbital elixirs were
      mixed in volumes of formula appropriate for a single feeding for a 1,500-g
      infant, the osmolalities of the drug-formula mixtures increased at least 300%
      over formula alone. This effect was less noticeable with digoxin elixir,
      theophylline elixir, and calcium glubionate.

PMID- 6812412
TI  - Acetate, bicarbonate and hypotension during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6812415
TI  - Evaluation of two concurrent drug-delivery systems in a skilled-nursing facility.
AB  - Traditional and modified traditional drug-delivery systems were compared in a 91
      bed, two-floor, skilled-nursing facility. Both floors used a traditional system
      during the first study period. One of the floors then initiated a modified
      traditional (30-day card) system. Both floors were remeasured two months later
      for nursing time, pharmacist time, pharmacy-technician time, and error rates.
      Concordance data were obtained to determine in data-collection methods were
      reproducible. Savings expected from returnable 30-day cards were extrapolated
      from wasted medications collected. A significant decrease in nursing
      administration-time errors was observed on the modified floor, which may have
      been due to the modified traditional system. Pharmacist and pharmacy technician
      time were significantly increased by the modified-traditional system. Nursing
      time was not significantly altered. Potential savings from decreased waste was
      +677 per year. Nonetheless, the modified traditional system imposed an overall
      added cost of +942 annually, or approximately +0.24 per prescription. A cost
      effective advantage was not demonstrated by the modified traditional system as
      compared with the traditional system.

PMID- 6812414
TI  - Evaluation of three methods for detecting low-level bacterial contamination in
      intravenous solutions.
AB  - The accuracy of three sterility-testing methods in detecting low-level
      contamination in deliberately contaminated intravenous solutions was studied. One
      liter bags of 5% dextrose (D5W) and 0.9% sodium chloride (saline injections were
      contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
      approximately 10(1) viable bacteria were injected into each bag. Two membrane
      filtration methods (Ivex-2 and Addi-Chek) and one aliquot method [twice
      concentrated trypic soy broth (2X-TSB)] were used to test each of 10 diliberately
      contaminated solutions for both D5W and saline; 500 ml of each liter bag was
      filtered or added to 2X-TSB. Incubation containers were stored at 37 degrees C
      and inspected at 24, 48, and 72 hours for turbidity. There was no significant
      difference among the three methods in the detection of contaminated saline
      solutions. The Addi-Chek system was significantly less effective in detecting
      contamination in D5W than either of the other methods. It is concluded that the
      Ivex-2 system is accurate and the easiest-to-use system of the three tested.

PMID- 6812413
TI  - The identification of fanconi anemia genotypes by clastogenic stress.
AB  - Clastogen-induced chromosome damage was investigated in peripheral lymphocytes of
      five patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), 10 obligate heterozygotes, 25 normal
      controls, and four individuals with some clinical manifestations of FA. The two
      agents used were diepoxybutane (DEB) and mitomycin C (MMC), previously reported
      to be specific for the induction of increased chromosome breakage in FA cells.
      Following clastogenic stress, two of the five FA patients did not exhibit the
      expected increase in chromosomal damage while three of the four "non-FA"
      individuals did. In this series of subjects, the possibility of misdiagnosis is
      considerable when based on either clinical delineation or cytogenetic results
      alone. Therefore, the integration of both laboratory data and physical findings
      is essential before reaching a diagnosis. Furthermore, the broad range of
      response in both the control group and the parents of FA patients yields
      overlapping results, making reliable heterozygote detection impractical by these
      procedures.

PMID- 6812416
TI  - Nitroglycerin loss from intravenous solutions administrated with a volumetric
      infusion pump.

PMID- 6812417
TI  - Clinical manifestations of inspiratory muscle fatigue.
AB  - Twelve patients exhibiting difficulties during discontinuation of artificial
      ventilation permitted us to investigate physical examination techniques used in
      diagnosing inspiratory muscle fatigue. Diaphragmatic and intercostal
      electromyographic tracings, arterial blood gases, rate and depth of ventilation,
      and thoracoabdominal motion were monitored during spontaneous breathing. Six
      patients showed electromyographic evidence of inspiratory muscle fatigue. A
      sequence of events leading to respiratory acidemia emerged--namely
      electromyographic evidence of fatigue, accompanied or followed by an increased
      respiratory rate, in turn followed by alternation between abdominal and rib cage
      breathing (respiratory alternans), paradoxical inward abdominal motion during
      inspiration (abdominal paradox), and finally an increase in PaCO2 associated with
      a fall in minute ventilation and respiratory rate, and worsening of respiratory
      acidemia. The abnormalities of respiratory movements may be reliable clinical
      signs of inspiratory muscle fatigue, particularly when accompanied by tachypnea
      and hypercapnia.

PMID- 6812418
TI  - Testicular dysfunction in untreated Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Gonadal function was examined in 19 young men with Hodgkin's disease before
      therapy and compared with that of 11 men with other malignancies, 13 men with
      primary testicular failure, and 19 normal men of similar age. Total (p less than
      0.01) and free (p less than 0.05) testosterone levels were decreased in Hodgkin's
      disease. In those with advanced (stage III + IV) and symptomatic (B), Hodgkin's
      disease serum testosterone levels were indistinguishable from those in primary
      testicular failure, yet serum levels of luteinizing hormone were normal.
      Moreover, the acute response of serum testosterone to exogenous human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) was significantly greater in Hodgkin's disease than in primary
      testicular failure (p less than 0.03). These data and the finding that basal
      serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels are significantly lower than normal in
      Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.05) suggest that the cause of pretreatment
      hypogonadism in Hodgkin's disease is not simple primary testicular failure. Total
      sperm count was decreased in 40 percent of men with Hodgkin's disease but in none
      of the men with other malignancies (p less than 0.05), suggesting specific
      seminiferous tubular dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. However, motility was
      abnormal in 69 percent of men with Hodgkin's disease and 60 percent of those with
      other malignancies, suggesting that this is a nonspecific effect of cancer. Serum
      prolactin levels were significantly higher than normal in Hodgkin's disease (p
      less than 0.05) but not in other malignancies. Our findings suggests that the
      cause of testicular dysfunction that is present before treatment of Hodgkin's
      disease is complex, perhaps involving both pituitary and gonadal abnormalities.

PMID- 6812419
TI  - Syndrome of anosmia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome):
      clinical and laboratory studies in 23 cases.

PMID- 6812421
TI  - Treatment of sarcoid meningitis with radiotherapy.

PMID- 6812420
TI  - Acute respiratory failure in scoliosis or kyphosis: prolonged survival and
      treatment.
AB  - Acute respiratory failure (ARF) in adults with severe thoracic spinal deformity
      is said to be a preterminal event with a median survival of one year. Twenty
      patients with ARF (mean +/- S.D., arterial oxygen tension [PaO2] 35 +/- 7 mm Hg,
      arterial carbon dioxide tension [PaCO2] 63 +/- 9 mm Hg, pH 7.34 +/- 0.08) due to
      severe scoliosis or kyphosis (spinal curve 113 +/- 28 degrees ) were seen between
      1965 and 1980. All 20 survived the initial episode of ARF and during the follow
      up period (median, six years) experienced 2.4 additional episodes of ARF. The age
      at presentation was 52 years (mean, range 13 to 78), and the cause of spinal
      deformity was idiopathic (seven patients), poliomyelitis (seven), tuberculosis
      (five), and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (one). ARF was treated with
      controlled low dose oxygen by Venturi mask and intensive general measures in 13
      patients and by mechanical ventilation in seven. Of the latter seven patients,
      ventilatory failure was treated in two with a tank respirator and a cuirass,
      avoiding endotracheal intubation. Outpatient management was similar to
      conventional therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Severe
      restrictive ventilatory impairment characterized the group after recovery from
      the first episode of ARF: vital capacity (VC) 906 +/- 362 ml (31 percent
      predicted) and FEV1 589 +/- 197 ml (23 percent). During follow-up, the VC
      decreased by 1.5 ml/year and the FEV1 by 13.9 ml/year. The PaO2 increased by 2.6
      mm Hg/year and the PaCO2 increased by 1.7 mm Hg/year. Successful management of
      ARF due to severe scoliosis or kyphosis is possible in the great majority of
      patients, and long-term survival may be expected. Unlike COPD, pulmonary function
      following ARF in kyphosis or scoliosis deteriorates at a slower than expected
      rate and, in fact, may improve with treatment over many years.

PMID- 6812422
TI  - Structuring complexity of testing: a process oriented approach to limiting
      unnecessary laboratory use.
AB  - The concept of structuring complexity is described as a process in which, during
      medical investigation, intensity of laboratory examination is escalated as the
      perceived complexity of diagnostic need increases. Application of this concept to
      laboratory controlled testing protocols is discussed. A clinical chemistry
      protocol for thyroid testing of ambulatory care patients in British Columbia
      resulted in a 15% reduction in test use and a 12% reduction in laboratory charges
      to the third party paying agent over a two-year period. The need to develop
      medically acceptable laboratory protocols that encourage selective test
      utilization and reduce cost is emphasized.

PMID- 6812423
TI  - The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the therapy of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia.

PMID- 6812424
TI  - Gonorrhea during the intrapartum period.

PMID- 6812425
TI  - Neonatal morbidity in deliveries conducted by midwives and gynecologists. A study
      of the system of obstetric care prevailing in The Netherlands.
AB  - The efficacy of the Dutch system of obstetric care was investigated by comparison
      of the outcomes of two groups of supposedly normal first pregnancies and
      deliveries that were solely cared for by midwives (n = 85) or by gynecologists (n
      = 27). The outcome was measured by pH, PCO2, and base deficit in arterial cord
      blood (early morbidity) and by neurological examination with Prechtl's method
      (late morbidity). The occurrence of 10 neurologically nonoptimal infants in the
      midwife group is thought incompatible with the basis philosophy of the Dutch
      obstetric system, which is that midwives are able to select the normal
      pregnancies out of the group of women who present for obstetric care and can
      assist in maintaining the normal state in these selected cases in the course of
      delivery. The acid-base values were less favorable in the midwife group than in
      the gynecologist group. Neurological nonoptimality in the midwife group was
      related to acidosis. The influence of the site of birth (home or hospital-
      ambulatory) could be virtually ruled out.

PMID- 6812426
TI  - Oculocutaneous albinoidism as a manifestation of reduced neural crest derivatives
      in the Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Nine patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (five female and four male; one Oriental
      and eight white), all of whom had interstitial deletions of the proximal long arm
      of one chromosome 15 (q11-q13) were found to have decreased tyrosinase activity
      in isolated hair bulbs. As infants, all patients had light hair and skin
      coloring, both of which darkened with age. Light and electron microscopic
      analysis of skin and hair bulbs disclosed a reduced number of melanocytes in the
      basal epidermis and hair bulbs. Each patient demonstrated decreased pigmentation
      of the iris stroma, which was accentuated peripherally and manifested clinically
      as iris translucency. There was no foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, or photophobia,
      and ocular function was normal. Oculocutaneous albinoidism is thus a component of
      del(15q) Prader-Willi syndrome with reduction of melanocytes of neural crest
      origin (skin, hair, and iris stroma) and retention of normal retinal and iris
      pigment epithelia of neuroectodermal origin.

PMID- 6812427
TI  - Bilateral posterior scleral ossification.

PMID- 6812429
TI  - Pliocene hominid fossils from Hadar, Ethiopia.

PMID- 6812430
TI  - Brain endocast asymmetry in pongids and hominids: some preliminary findings on
      the paleontology of cerebral dominance.
AB  - Observations on petalial asymmetry for 190 hominoid endocasts are reported, and
      their statistical differences assessed. While all taxa of hominoids show
      asymmetries to various degrees, the patterns or combinations of petalial
      asymmetries are very different, with fossil hominoids and modern Homo sapiens
      showing an identical pattern of left-occipital, right-frontal petalias, which
      contrasts with those found normally in pongids. Of the pongids, Gorilla shows the
      greater degree of asymmetry in left-occipital petalias. Only modern Homo and
      hominoids (Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Neandertals) show a distinct left
      occipital, right-frontal petalial pattern. Analysis by chi 2 statistics shows the
      differences to be highly significant. Due to small sample size and incompleteness
      of endocasts, small-brained hominoids, i.e., Australopithecus, are problematical.
      To the degree that gross petalial patterns are correlated with cognitive task
      specialization, we speculate that human cognitive patterns evolved early in
      hominoid evolution and were related to selection pressures operating on both
      symbolic and spatiovisual integration, and that these faculties are corroborated
      in the archeological record.

PMID- 6812428
TI  - Endocrinologic milieu and susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The incidence of DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats depends
      upon their previous reproductive histories. Young virgin rats (YV) are highly
      susceptible to the carcinogen, while old virgin rats (OV) are less susceptible,
      and parous rats (P) are resistant. The authors performed endocrinologic studies
      in these three groups of rats in order to determine whether the different
      susceptibility to carcinogenesis, according to the reproductive history, is or is
      not related to the hormonal milieu. The pituitary, the ovaries, the adrenals, and
      the mammary glands were processed for light microscopy. Pituitary prolactin
      (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone cells were
      immunostained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase and quantitated with an image
      analyzer. Radioimmunoassays of serum and pituitary PRL and serum estradiol were
      also done. The results showed no differences in the hormonal milieu of YV, OV,
      and P rats at the time of carcinogen treatment. Several changes were observed
      after DMBA administration, the most conspicuous being 1) hyperplasia of pituitary
      PRL cells, 2) high serum PRL levels, 3) nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal
      cortex, 4) high serum estradiol levels, and 5) lack of adrenal necrosis in P rats
      and some OV rats. These modifications did not correlate with the degree of
      susceptibility of YV, OV, and P rats to carcinogenesis, supporting the concept of
      the importance of the mammary gland differentiation at the moment of carcinogen
      administration. (Am J Pathol 1982, 109:47-56).

PMID- 6812431
TI  - Diet and the evolution of modern human form in the Middle East.
AB  - Fully modern human form more gracile than the antecedent archaic modern form was
      evident by 30,000 years ago. One hypothesis to explain this decrease in skeletal
      robustness is that change occurred in human diet and that this change was
      associated with a decrease in activity levels required in both individual and
      group behavior. It is possible to study dietary change directly using trace
      element analysis of strontium levels in bone. The amount of strontium in bone
      reflects the amount of strontium in diet. Since plants contain higher levels of
      strontium than do animal soft tissues, the level of bone strontium will differ
      between individuals according to the proportion of plant and animal products in
      their diets. In this study the ratio of strontium:calcium in human bone to
      strontium:calcium in faunal bone is compared for samples of archaic modern humans
      (from Mugharet et Tabun, Mugharet es-Skhul, and Jebel Qafzeh) and fully modrn
      humans from Mugharet el-Kebara and Mugharet el-Wad) from Israel. The use of a
      ratio controls for potentially unequal strontium levels in soils at different
      sites and for different diagenetic histories between sites. The results of the
      analysis are internally reliable, reflecting bone strontium levels rather than
      technique error; therefore, they reflect diet. It appears that a change occurred
      in the amount of animal protein in the diet of humans but that this change
      occurred almost 20,000 years after the first appearance of skeletally modern
      humans. These results refute the hypothesis that the morphological transformation
      to modern human form occurred as a result of behavioral changes involved in
      obtaining previously unused foods. If any decrease in human activity level
      occurred between archaic modern and fully modern humans, this decrease probably
      was due to alterations in the means of procuring or processing the same kinds of
      foods that had been utilized earlier in time.

PMID- 6812432
TI  - Genetic variation in Bougainville and Solomon Islands populations.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of genetic variation in eight populations of the
      Solomon Islands. Blood specimens collected from 345 Aita, 191 Nasioi and 416
      Nagovisi of Bougainville, 379 Lau, 453 Baegu and 385 Kwaio of Malaita, and 504
      Ontong Java, and 328 Ulawa subjects were tested for A-B-O, M-N-S-s, Rh, Hp, Tf,
      secretor, and red-cell acid phosphatase systems. Considerable differences were
      found among the eight populations with respect to all polymorphic systems
      studied. It was not possible to distinguish Austronesian groups from non
      Austronesian groups on the basis of gene frequencies.

PMID- 6812434
TI  - Follicle dominance and ovarian asymmetry after luteectomy in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Previous work demonstrated that asymmetrical ovarian activity accompanies
      morphological asymmetry during the ovarian cycle in rhesus and cynomolgus
      macaques. This study was designed to determine whether functional ovarian
      asymmetry could be used to detect the upcoming dominant follicle (DF) even before
      it was grossly visible. Revealing a latent DF in this manner would permit a
      better estimate of the time when dominance of the follicle selected to ovulate is
      attained. To accomplish this, rhesus monkeys were luteectomized at midluteal
      phase to synchronize subsequent follicle growth, and 4 or 8 days later either the
      ipsilateral or contralateral ovary was removed. Unilateral ablation at day 4
      (when no DF is grossly apparent) of either ovary produced symmetrical responses:
      the interval from luteectomy (CLX) to the next luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was
      extended by about 4 days in both groups (P less than 0.01), i.e., from about 12.5
      days to 16.7 +/- 1.6 and 17.0 +/- 1.5 days (mean +/- SE). In contrast,
      hemiovariectomy at day 8 produced markedly divergent asymmetrical responses.
      Removal of the ipsilateral ovary 8 days after CLX did not affect the timing of
      the next LH surge (13.2 +/- 0.6 days), which ordinarily occurs about 12.5 days
      after CLX alone. However, ablation of the contralateral ovary (bearing the next
      DF) on day 8 extended the interval from CLX to the next LH surge from about 12.5
      to 26.6 +/- 1.3 days. These findings indicate that, during the normal ovarian
      cycle when menses occurs 2--4 days after luteolysis, the follicle destined to
      ovulate becomes dominant between the 2nd and 6th day and that attainment of
      dominance signals the completion of a follicle selection process that begins or
      resumes promptly after luteolysis.

PMID- 6812433
TI  - TRH mobilizes membrane calcium in thyrotropic cells as monitored by
      chlortetracycline.
AB  - Chlortetracycline (CTC), a probe of membrane-bound divalent cations, was used to
      study the action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in mouse pituitary
      thyrotropic tumor (TtT) cells in culture. Cellular fluorescence of CTC was caused
      by both Ca2+- and Mg2+-CTC complexes and was influenced by the concentration of
      these cations in the incubation medium. TRH, but not other peptides, caused a
      rapid, transient, and concentration-dependent decrease in the CTC fluorescence
      intensity; half-maximal effect occurred with 10--30 nM TRH. The decrement in
      fluorescence intensity caused by TRH was not due to enhanced loss of CTC from the
      cells. The decrease in fluorescence elicited by TRH was specific for Ca2+-CTC
      complexes because preincubation of the cells with 1 mM EGTA or 1 mM EDTA plus
      2.05 mM Mg2+ abolished the response, whereas preincubation with 1 mM EDTA plus
      2.05 mM Ca2+ permitted the usual TRH response. Antimycin A and carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone decreased cellular ATP content to 37 +/- 1 and 32 +/- 1% of
      control, respectively, and abolished the TRH-induced decrease in CTC
      fluorescence. We conclude that TRH displaced Ca2+ from an energy-dependent,
      membrane-bound pool(s) within TtT cells and that this may be one mechanism by
      which the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ is raised so that is couples
      stimulation by TRH to TSH secretion.

PMID- 6812435
TI  - Renal carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc metalloenzyme widely distributed throughout the
      tissues of the body. This enzyme exists in a number of isozymic forms in most
      mammalian species. Significant advances over the past decade have been made in
      characterizing the nature of renal carbonic anhydrase. In the kidney, this enzyme
      is thought to play a pivotal role in urinary acidification and bicarbonate
      reabsorption. Two distinct isozymes of carbonic anhydrase have now been
      identified in the mammalian kidney. A soluble cytoplasmic form, similar if not
      identical to human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase C, accounts for the bulk of the
      renal carbonic anhydrase activity. In addition, a membrane-bound form
      constituting only about 2--5% of the renal activity has been found in the brush
      border and basolateral fractions of kidney homogenates. The histochemical and
      immunocytochemical localization of these isozymes along the nephron and
      collecting duct system of various mammalian species suggests that marked
      heterogeneity exists. The Editorial Review examines the biochemical and
      morphological approaches that have been used to elucidate the nature of renal
      carbonic anhydrase and to assess its distribution along the urinary tubule.
      Possible physiological roles for the renal carbonic anhydrases are considered for
      the different segments of the nephron and collecting duct system.

PMID- 6812436
TI  - Cell volume regulation in the proximal convoluted tubule.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of hyper- and hypotonicity on proximal convoluted tubule
      (PCT) cell volume, nonperfused PCT were studied in vitro with hypertonic
      solutions containing sodium chloride, urea, or mannitol (450 mosmol/kg H2O) and
      with hypotonic low sodium chloride solutions (160 mosmol/kg H2O). When the
      tubules were subjected to hypertonic peritubular solutions containing NaCl, cell
      volume immediately decreased by 15.5% and remained constant throughout the
      experimental period (60 min). With mannitol, the initial decrease was identical
      to that with NaCl (17.7%), but the PCT volume increased slightly during the
      experimental period. With urea, the decrease in cell volume was smaller (7%) and
      transient. In hypotonicity, the PCT swelled rapidly, but this swelling was
      followed by a rapid regulatory phase in which PCT volume nearly returned to
      control values after less than 10 min. With a potassium-free peritubular medium
      or 10(-3) M ouabain, the regulatory phase of hypotonicity completely disappeared,
      whereas the cells did not maintain their reduced volume in NaCl-induced
      hypertonicity. These results suggest that Na-K-ATPase plays an important role in
      the maintenance of a reduced cellular volume in hypertonicity and in the
      regulatory phase of hypotonicity, probably by an active extrusion of sodium and
      water from the cell.

PMID- 6812437
TI  - alpha-Naphthylthiourea produces dose-dependent lung vascular injury in sheep.
AB  - We tested the effects of alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) on lung fluid balance and
      prostanoid concentrations in anesthetized sheep acutely prepared for collection
      of pulmonary lymph. Sheep were given 20, 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg ANTU or the vehicle
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) intravenously. The first phase of the response consisted
      of transient increases in pulmonary artery pressure and plasma and lymph
      thromboxane B2 concentrations. Lymph flow increased with no change in the lymph
      to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P). These changes occurred in sheep
      given DMSO alone or DMSO with ANTU; they were not dependent on the dose of ANTU
      given. Two to 4 h after drug administration, pulmonary artery pressure and
      thromboxane concentrations were normal or near normal. Lymph flow rate reached
      steady-state levels averaging 1.5 (DMSO alone) to 5.3 (100 mg/kg ANTU) times base
      line with L/P ratios unchanged from base line. ANTU/DMSO produces transient,
      severe pulmonary hypertension that may be prostaglandin mediated. The sustained
      response consists of increased flow rate of protein-rich lymph.

PMID- 6812438
TI  - Na+-K+ exchanges in canine arterial and venous smooth muscle.
AB  - The effect of altering active sodium transport was compared in the denervated
      canine femoral artery and saphenous vein, which respond differently to a variety
      of humoral and physical stimuli. Potassium removal and ouabain caused
      contractions that were larger in the vein than in the artery. Activation of
      sodium transport, by exposing sodium-loaded preparations to potassium, caused
      transient ouabain-sensitive relaxations in both blood vessels; depending on the
      contractile agonist used, this relaxant effect was comparable (BaCl2) in both
      preparations or was larger (norepinephrine) in the artery than in the vein. In
      both the artery and the vein, potassium-induced relaxations were larger during
      contractions evoked by BaCl2 than those caused by norepinephrine. In the vein,
      contractions caused by acetylcholine were inhibited by potassium to the same
      extent as those caused by BaCl2. These results 1) are compatible with a
      contribution of sodium transport mechanism to the control of cell membrane
      permeability for extracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle; 2) suggest that
      active sodium-calcium exchanges are functionally more important in venous than in
      arterial smooth muscle; and 3) illustrate that the heterogeneous behavior of
      vascular smooth muscle of different anatomic origins reflects differences in
      excitation-contraction coupling.

PMID- 6812439
TI  - Clinical significance of the interaction between lithium and a neuromuscular
      blocker.
AB  - Reports of delayed recovery from anesthesia by patients concurrently receiving
      lithium carbonate and a neuromuscular blocker have been followed by a
      recommendation to avoid such a combination and, hence, concurrent treatment with
      lithium and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors review the literature
      and their clinical experience with such a drug combination at one psychiatric
      hospital. They conclude that the clinical and experimental findings to date are
      insufficient to warrant proscribing the combination of lithium and ECT on the
      basis of possible potentiation of neuromuscular blockade by lithium.

PMID- 6812441
TI  - Sialorrhea as a side effect of lithium: a case report.
AB  - A 37-year-old male patient developed sialorrhea while being treated with lithium
      carbonate. The sialorrhea was associated with salivary gland enlargement and was
      reversed by discontinuation of lithium. Concomitant treatment with propantheline
      bromide provided symptomatic relief.

PMID- 6812440
TI  - Lithium in aggressive behavior.
AB  - A patient with intractable aggression was treated with lithium carbonate. On the
      basis of the authors' study and their review of the literature, they conclude
      that lithium may exacerbate the interictal aggression sometimes noted in patients
      with temporal lobe spike activity.

PMID- 6812442
TI  - A case of intermittent delirious mania.
AB  - The authors present a case of intermittent delirious mania in a hypomanic man.
      Studies revealed no other cause for the delirium, and it remitted with lithium
      carbonate therapy.

PMID- 6812443
TI  - Serological evidence of human infection with Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever
      virus in Greece.

PMID- 6812444
TI  - Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a laboratory-born squirrel monkey,
      Saimiri sciureus.
AB  - A Colombian Phenotype, laboratory-born squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, was
      found to be congenitally infected with biologically proven Trypanosoma cruzi. The
      parasite was observed in blood smears and by xenodiagnoses of the mother and the
      offspring, and the isolates produced infection in mice and amastigotes in VERO
      tissue culture cells. The finding was accidental; both animals were healthy.
      Tissues of the mother did not show macro-microscopic evidence of T. cruzi
      infection and the electrocardiograph of the offspring was normal. This seems to
      be the first report of congenital T. cruzi transmission in an otherwise healthy
      non-human primate.

PMID- 6812445
TI  - [Review of certain antagonists of peroxidation of membrane lipids by free
      radicals in the therapy of acute cerebrovascular accidents of ischemic origin].

PMID- 6812446
TI  - [Hormonal correlations in uterine myoma, internal endometriosis and diffuse
      mastopathy in patients with a retained biphasic menstrual cycle].

PMID- 6812447
TI  - Prolonged feeding of ethanol to the young growing guinea pig: 1. The effect on
      protein synthesis in the afterloaded right ventricle measured in vitro.
AB  - Newly weaned guinea pigs weighing approximately 300 g were fed normal laboratory
      diets with drinking water containing 5.5% ethanol as the sole source of liquid
      for periods of 8-11 weeks. Growth was continuous with this diet. After this
      period, hearts were removed from anesthetized animals and perfused for 3 hr in a
      perfusion system in which pressure may be induced in the right ventricle in the
      face of constant coronary flow. Protein synthesis, assayed from the incorporation
      of labeled lysine and phenylalanine, was compared to that in hearts from
      identically treated weight-matched control animals who had been drinking water
      without ethanol. Protein synthesis in hearts from ethanol-drinking animals was
      decreased in the right ventricles exposed to normal pulmonary pressure, but was
      unchanged in the contracting but not working left ventricles. The data suggest
      that prolonged exposure even to low levels of ethanol in the growing animal may
      interfere with the cardiac protein synthetic response to the normal work stress.

PMID- 6812448
TI  - Comparison of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus umbrosus antigens in
      serological tests of farmer's lung.
AB  - A comparison was made between Aspergillus fumigatus and A. umbrosus antigens
      regarding their usefulness in serological tests of farmer's lung. Mycelial and
      culture fluid antigens of both microbes were used to test sera of 30 Finnish
      farmer's lung patients for antibodies in the ELISA and in the gel precipitation
      (GP) test. Antibodies to A. umbrosus were more common than to A. fumigatus; this
      was especially evident in ELISA, ELISA gave more positive results with all four
      antigens than GP. Mycelial antigens showed more positive reactions in ELISA than
      the corresponding culture fluid antigens. The situation was reversed in GP.
      Selection of antigens in the diagnostic panel of farmer's lung requires careful
      consideration. Our results suggest that other Aspergilli (in the Finnish
      population A. umbrosus) might be preferable to A. fumigatus in the antigen panel.

PMID- 6812449
TI  - Treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis with intranasal flunisolide.
AB  - Flunisolide (F), a potent fluorinated corticosteroid or its
      propylene/polyethylene glycol vehicle (V) were intranasally administered to 50
      patients with ragweed hayfever and 75 patients with perennial rhinitis. Each
      patient was randomly assigned in a double-blind manner an indistinguishable
      metered pump spray device containing either F or V. Each hayfever patient
      administered two puffs in each nostril b.i.d. Each perennial rhinitis patient
      administered two puffs in each nostril t.i.d. Each puff of F contained 25
      micrograms F. Hayfever and perennial rhinitis patients inhaling F demonstrated
      significantly lowered symptom scores compared to their V controls. Skin test
      positive patients with perennial rhinitis inhaling F demonstrated significantly
      large reductions in symptom scores and significantly greater subjective control
      of symptoms compared to their V control than their skin test negative
      counterparts inhaling F and V. Morning plasma cortisol measured prior to and at
      the end of 1 month and 3 months of F revealed no significant diminution in
      cortisol level compared to patients inhaling V. No long-term adverse local or
      systemic steroid effects attributable to F were observed. Flunisolide spray is a
      safe and effective modality for the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis.

PMID- 6812450
TI  - [Tube change in nasotracheally intubated intensive care patients using injector
      ventilation: a method for the prevention of hypoxic complications].
AB  - Conventional methods for the replacement of nasotracheal tubes are often
      dangerous. The interruption of respiration while replacing the nasotracheal
      airway may cause severe hypoxia. We developed a technique which shortens the time
      of apnoe to a few seconds. A 16F nasogastric tube is connected to a simple jet
      ventilation device driven by 100% oxygen. The nasotracheal tube is disconnected
      from the respirator and its cuff deflated. While performing jet ventilation
      (inspiration time 1.5 sec, frequency 12/min., pressure 1.5-2 bar) the nasogastric
      tube is threaded into the nasotracheal tube until the tip lies inside its distal
      end. The old endotracheal tube can now be retracted over the nasogastric tube
      under continuous jet ventilation. The nasogastric tube need only be disconnected
      from the jet ventilator for a few seconds while the old endotracheal tube is
      replaced for a new one. Now the new endotracheal tube is guided into the trachea
      by the nasogastic tube while jet ventilation is continued. We used this technique
      19 times without any complications. We found the method safe and simple, giving
      sufficient ventilation in all patients, provided that contraindications and
      precautions are observed.

PMID- 6812451
TI  - [The prognostic value of various intensive medicine parameters in long-term
      intubated neurosurgical patients].
AB  - The prognosis of 1693 patients of the intensive care unit of the
      Neurochirurgische Universitatsklinik Bonn was investigated. They all required
      intubation and mechanical ventilation, 912 of them for more than 24 hours
      (prolonged intubation). The overall mortality rate was 25.3%, while in cases with
      prolonged intubation it was 41%. No valid conclusion could be drawn from the
      duration of intubation as to survival. Next to the primary disease which was most
      important, the patient's age was of great prognostic value. Pneumonia (16%
      incidence) and prerenal failure (14.9%) seemed to be of minor importance, whereas
      renal failure (16.6%) worsened prognosis considerably by a mortality of 71-100%.
      Dexamethasone therapy proved to be of advantage in the management of brain
      tumors. No influence on the outcome of patients with severe head injury was seen.
      Patients with cerebrovascular disease were detrimentally affected by
      corticosteroid administration. Apart from extreme situations there were no
      satisfying predictors of outcome by means of which one could preselect patients
      to enter intensive care units. The decision to eventually withdraw life support
      can only be made on the basis of numerous factors.

PMID- 6812452
TI  - [Antidiuretic hormone in peridural anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine. The effect
      of severe blood loss on ADH release].
AB  - 14 patients scheduled for peripheral vascular surgery received epidural
      anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.5%. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively
      (twice), intraoperatively (9 times) and postoperatively (3 times) for analysing
      the following parameters: 1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH, arginine-vasopressin) 2.
      serum electrolytes (potassium, sodium) 3. plasma osmolality In three patients
      unexpected sudden blood loss occurred, accompanied by typical haemodynamic
      changes. Pre- and intraoperative ADH-levels were normal with a slight increase at
      the end of the operative procedure. Electrolytes and osmolality in serum/plasma
      stayed within the normal range during the whole investigation period. In three
      patients suffering from shock due to unexpected blood loss ADH-levels rose
      excessively. The data demonstrate the well-known stress-attenuation under EDA as
      well as an increase of ADH-secretion in haemodynamic alteration.

PMID- 6812453
TI  - [Rare malposition of a subclavian vein catheter].
AB  - Deviation of a left subclavian vein catheter into the azygos vein occurred in a
      patient with cancer of the colon. On the p.a.-projection, the catheter seemed to
      be kinked in the vena cava. In the lateral view, the malposition in the azygos
      vein could be detected and was visualised by giving a bolus of contrast medium.
      By retracting the catheter under fluoroscopic control the proper position could
      be achieved. The importance of the lateral-view chest x-ray is discussed.

PMID- 6812454
TI  - Pre-operative chest x-rays in elderly patients.
AB  - Of 100 consecutive patients of 70 or more years of age who presented for elective
      surgery, only 27 were considered to lack a medical indication for chest X-ray. Of
      these 27, 10 patients had abnormal findings on the X-ray. These figures suggest
      that routine pre-operative chest X-rays in elderly patients are well worthwhile,
      and that the savings made by abandoning the practice would be more than
      outweighed by potential delays and disruptions to theatre lists and the loss of
      relevant information.

PMID- 6812455
TI  - Transcutaneous Pco2 in adults.

PMID- 6812456
TI  - The Bain and Lack breathing systems.

PMID- 6812457
TI  - Bedside computer programs in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 6812458
TI  - A clinical evaluation of safflower oil emulsion in total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A new intravenous safflower oil emulsion (Liposyn, Abbott) was administered to 23
      patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. In a prospective clinical trial,
      500 ml of the 10% emulsion was administered each day for a minimum of 10 days.
      Plasma fatty acid estimations showed a rise in linoleic acid in 22 patients, and
      a fall in triene/tetraene ratio ( a guide to the presence of essential fatty acid
      deficiency), in 17 patients within four days of commencement of the infusion.
      Administration of Liposyn prevented the development of biochemical evidence of
      essential fatty acid deficiency. There were no clinical side effects attributable
      to the emulsion. Elevation of serum triglyceride and liver enzyme concentrations
      occurred in some patients.

PMID- 6812459
TI  - Direct cell culture assay of thin-layer-chromatographed material without prior
      substance elution.

PMID- 6812460
TI  - Purification of glycogen phosphorylase b from AMP-aminohydrolase activity.

PMID- 6812461
TI  - Effects of supplementation with impuberal or adult testicular protein extracts on
      genital tract and testicular histology as well as hormonal levels in adult
      busulfan treated rats.
AB  - 24 adult Wistar rats received one SC injection of busulfan (10 mg/kg BW) on day
      0. They were injected daily from day 1 to day 10 either with BSA (1 and 2 mg/rat,
      n = 5 respectively), with acetonic extract of adult ram testicular cytosol (2
      mg/rat, n = 10) or with acetonic extract of impuberal calf testicular cytosol (2
      mg/rat, n = 4). 10 animals served as control. Animals were killed on day 17.
      Busulfan treatment induced decrease of total volumes of intertubular tissue and
      of Leydig cells per testis, of accessory glands, and of germ cells from type A
      spermatogonia to zygotene spermatocytes. Supplementation with adult testicular
      extract did not modify accessory glands but increased Leydig cell total volume,
      individual cellular and nuclear areas and Sertoli cell nuclear areas. It
      decreased further the germ cells from A spermatogonia to zygotene primary
      spermatocytes. Supplementation with impuberal testicular extract did not modify
      accessory glands, Leydig cell total volume, individual cellular and nuclear areas
      or Sertoli cell nuclear area. It increased the germ cells from A spermatogonia to
      zygotene primary spermatocytes to values intermediate between those of control
      and busulfan treated rats.

PMID- 6812462
TI  - Hypoxia per se can produce hepatic damage without death in rats.
AB  - To evaluate the importance of hypoxia itself on halothane-induced hepatic injury
      in the rat, the question of whether hypoxia could injure the liver without
      causing death was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with
      phenobarbital (1 mg/ml of drinking water, 4 days) and deprived of food for 24
      hours were exposed to 6%, 7%, 8%, or 10% inspired oxygen with 0%, 5%, or 7.5%
      carbon dioxide for 2 hours. Several rats died when given 6% oxygen with 0% or
      7.5% carbon dioxide, but all other rats survived. Without carbon dioxide, oxygen
      at a concentration of 7% or 8% produced more injury than did room air, and 6%
      oxygen produced the most severe damage. These results demonstrate that in rats
      hypoxia per se may be an important factor in causing hepatic damage.

PMID- 6812464
TI  - Emergency percutaneous transtracheal ventilation during anesthesia using readily
      available equipment.
AB  - Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation has been described as a possible technique
      for use during anesthesia in the management of acute upper airway obstruction.
      This study described a modified percutaneous transtracheal ventilation device for
      use with standard anesthesia machines. Unlike previously reported devices, this
      device does not require specialized equipment or prior assembly. The efficacy of
      this device was tested on anesthetized dogs. Adequate ventilation was easily
      maintained as documented by serial arterial blood gas determinations, and the
      device also proved capable of reversing severe hypercapnea such as might result
      from upper airway obstruction. Extrapolation of the data obtained from these
      experiments indicates that this device, if used properly, should provide adequate
      ventilation and oxygenation in adult humans.

PMID- 6812463
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin and myocardial metabolism during anesthesia in patients
      undergoing myocardial revascularization.
AB  - Although intravenous nitroglycerin has been used to control the hypertensive
      response during sternotomy in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization,
      the effects of the drug on myocardial oxygen supply and demand have not been
      anesthetized for coronary artery bypass, were studied before and after
      administration of intravenous nitroglycerin (mean dose 12 microgram/kg in 6
      minutes). Evaluation of myocardial metabolism showed an increase in coronary
      sinus oxygen content (p less than 0.05) and a reduction in myocardial oxygen
      consumption (p less than 0.05). Although mean myocardial lactate extraction and
      coronary sinus blood flow were not significantly altered in the group as a whole,
      variations in individual patient responses were observed and are discussed. These
      direct observations of global myocardial metabolism observed in this study group
      are similar to the conclusions reached by other investigators using indirect
      indices of myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

PMID- 6812465
TI  - Vasodilation with nitroprusside and nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6812466
TI  - Cost and benefit--a critical issue for hospital infection control. Fifth Annual
      National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Lecture.
AB  - New patterns of health care financing have made it essential for infection
      control practitioners to become familiar with information on cost of nosocomial
      infection and cost effectiveness ("benefit") of the procedures and devices used
      to control hospital infection. Even the lowest estimates of cost show the
      considerable economic impact of nosocomial infection. Studies to date separate
      control procedures and practices into categories of proven efficacy, likely
      efficacy, lack of efficacy, and those for which cost of implementation is likely
      to outweight any benefit that might result. Many procedures and practices have
      not yet been studied. To survive in a hospital world of limited finances, ICPs
      will have to make sure that they employ only procedures for which benefit
      outweighs cost of implementation.

PMID- 6812467
TI  - Safety, efficacy and bronchodilator-sparing effects of nebulized cromolyn sodium
      solution in the treatment of asthma in children.
AB  - In a 12-week study 20 children, ages two to seven years, with moderate to severe
      asthma received 20 mg cromolyn sodium via a power-driven nebulizer four times
      daily. Entry criteria required that each patient be maintained on at least one
      bronchodilator on a daily basis prior to the study. By the conclusion of the
      trial asthmatic symptoms had declined significantly (p less than 0.01), both as
      scored by the patients and by the physician. These was a 73% reduction in
      theophylline dosage over-all. No significant adverse reactions occurred, and
      there were no meaningful changes in clinical chemistry tests hematology or
      urinalyses.

PMID- 6812469
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial wtih cromoglycate eye drops in patients with atopic
      conjunctivitis.
AB  - In a group of 33 typical hay fever patients with apparent conjunctivitis a double
      blind clinical trial was carried out during the summer of 1978. One group of
      patients used 2% cromoglycate eye drops and the other group used placebo eye
      drops, both in sterile unit-dose packages without benzalconium hydrochloride.
      Symptoms and use of other symptomatic treatment were recorded daily. The mean
      daily scores were compared with the daily pollen counts. The daily records of
      symptoms were somewhat lower in the cromoglycate than in the placebo group,
      though not significantly so. Mean daily scores of symptoms correlated with the
      pollen counts fairly well. Need of symptomatic medication did not differ in
      either groups and had no relation to the pollen counts. Although a beneficial
      effect had been expected, cromoglycate eye drops were considered ineffective in
      this study.

PMID- 6812468
TI  - The effects of disodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate on the late
      nasal mucosa response to allergen challenge.
AB  - The protective effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and beclomethasone
      dipropionate (BDA) on the late nasal mucosa response to allergen challenge (LNR)
      were investigated in 42 patients with allergic rhinitis. The 42 patients,
      selected from a group of 370 patients, developed a total of 52 later nasal
      responses (LNR), 13 of which were isolated later responses (ILNR) and 29 of which
      were dual responses (DNR), i.e., where the later response (DLNR) has been
      preceded by an immediate response (INR). Significant protective effects on the
      immediate and on the late nasal mucosa responses were seen following the use of
      DSCG. The late response, being a part of the dual response was decreased by DSCG
      to a higher degree than the isolated late response. Although BDA also decreased
      the late response, the isolated late response was decreased to a greater degree
      than that demonstrated as a part of the dual response. The immediate response was
      not influenced by BDA at all. It is suggested that DSCG should be used as a drug
      of first choice to control the allergic rhinitis symptoms. However, in the
      presence of the later nasal response, BDA should be added, at least at the
      beginning of the treatment and during the period of peak exposure to allergen,
      i.e., the pollen season.

PMID- 6812470
TI  - [Descriptive and comparative study of technical methods used for the detection of
      antinuclear antibodies].
AB  - There has been rapid progress in techniques for the detection of antinuclear
      antibodies. The methods most widely used at present are indirect
      immunofluorescence, Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion, passive haemagglutination
      and the Farr test. Antinuclear antibodies recognise several antigens. With a few
      exceptions, indigenous DNA is specific to DLE and is seen in more than 80 p. cent
      of patients. Other antibodies are less constant but equally specific: anti-Sm in
      DLE, antinucleolus in scleroderma. By contrast, the antibodies present in
      Sjogren's syndrome and anti-ENP would not seem to be specific to any single
      disease and the quite widely found anti-DNA is of little diagnostic interest.

PMID- 6812471
TI  - Mass loading, sleep apnea, and the pathogenesis of obesity hypoventilation.
AB  - To define the roles of mechanical loading, respiratory neuromuscular control, and
      sleep apnea in the pathogenesis of obesity hypoventilation, respiratory muscle
      drive and output, assessed by diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) and mouth
      occlusion pressure (P 0.15), respectively, were determined during CO2
      chemostimulation in nonobese volunteers who were subjected to abdominal mass
      loading, and in three groups of markedly obese patients: eucapnic obese without
      sleep apnea (O), eucapnic obese with sleep apnea (OSA), and hypercapnic obese
      with sleep apnea (OH). The P0.15 responses were decreased in OSA and OH, but the
      EMGdi responses were not significantly different from those in control subjects.
      In O patients EMGdi responses were significantly greater than those in control
      subjects as well as those in OSA and OH patients. EMGdi and P0.15 responses
      increased in all nonobese subjects when they were subjected to mass loading. We
      conclude that both OSA and OH patients were equally unable to develop the
      expected increase in respiratory muscle drive and output. The presence of sleep
      apnea, possibly by causing nocturnal hypoxemia and/or sleep fragmentation, may
      result in impaired mass load compensation and predispose obese patients to
      develop hypercapnia.

PMID- 6812472
TI  - Blastomycosis in immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 6812473
TI  - Serodiagnosis of blastomycosis.

PMID- 6812474
TI  - Membranous glomerulonephritis as a complication of oral gold therapy.

PMID- 6812476
TI  - Nitroglycerin dosage and polyethylene tubing.

PMID- 6812475
TI  - Recent developments in the diagnosis and therapy of epilepsy.
AB  - Recent advances in the diagnosis of epilepsy include the development of a
      clinically useful classification of epileptic seizures and the recognition of
      specific epileptic disorders. These advances have been aided by the advent of x
      ray computed tomography, long-term electroencephalographic telemetry, and video
      monitoring. Techniques for functional imaging of the human brain promise even
      greater diagnostic capabilities. New antiepileptic drugs have improved medical
      management, and technical and theoretical advances in pharmacokinetics have
      permitted physicians to design balanced dosing for individual patients. Although
      currently underused, surgical treatment of partial complex epilepsy can be safe
      and effective when used appropriately. Operant conditioning of
      electroencephalography may become another practical alternative therapy.
      Contributions of basic research to understanding the complications of status
      epilepticus have influenced treatment protocols and greatly improved the
      prognosis of this potentially lethal condition.

PMID- 6812477
TI  - CO2 laser surgery in recurrent tumors of the nose.

PMID- 6812478
TI  - Symposium: New approaches to instruction in cost-effective clinical decision
      making.

PMID- 6812479
TI  - [Epiphrenic diverticula of the esophagus. Sixteen cases ].

PMID- 6812480
TI  - [Fistula and drainage. A duo suggestive of discontinuous suction drainage ].

PMID- 6812481
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the biliary tract. I. Postoperative foreign bodies in the
      biliary tract. A review of seventy one cases reported in the literature and four
      cases treated personally ].

PMID- 6812482
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the biliary tract. II. Unusual foreign bodies in the biliary
      tract. Review of the literature ].

PMID- 6812483
TI  - A review of blood pH and blood-gas analysis.

PMID- 6812484
TI  - Some clinical aspects of trace elements.

PMID- 6812485
TI  - A new look at the inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 6812487
TI  - A new autoradiographic approach for imaging forebrain dopamine distribution.

PMID- 6812486
TI  - Adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase activity in normal lymphocyte subpopulations.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and
      hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activities were measured
      in normal human B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and T gamma and T mu lymphocyte
      subsets. Total ADA activity in T cells was 5.5U, activity in T gamma and T mu
      cells was 3.7U and 5.3U, respectively; B cell ADA levels were 3.3U. PNP activity
      in T cells was 119U, activity in T gamma and T mu cells was 75U and 155U,
      respectively. B cell PNP activity was 88U. HGPRT activity in T cells was 20.9U; T
      gamma and T mu HGPRT levels were 13.0U and 52U respectively. B cell HGPRT levels
      were 46.8U. These data provides further evidence for the biochemical
      heterogeneity of normal human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6812488
TI  - Unilateral midbrain lesion and sylvian aqueduct syndrome.

PMID- 6812489
TI  - [Comparative study of the antibacterial activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics
      and their combinations with carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - Antibacterial activity of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics and combinations of
      tobramycin or gentamicin with carbenicillin was studied with respect to 33
      clinical strains of Ps. aeruginosa. Tobramycin, sisomicin, gentamicin and
      amicacin showed high levels of antibacterial activity. Tobramycin and sisomicin
      were 3-4 and 2 times more effective than gentamicin. 100 per cent of the Ps.
      aeruginosa isolates was sensitive to tobramycin and amicacin. The number of the
      isolates sensitive to sisomicin and gentamicin amounted to 97 and 94 per cent
      respectively. The respective numbers for streptomycin and kanamycin were 32 and
      11 per cent. No monomycin sensitive isolates were detected. Combination of
      tobramycin or gentamicin with carbenicillin increased the antibacterial activity
      of the aminoglycoside antibiotics by 2-16 times and that of carbenicillin by 2-32
      times. The synergistic effect of gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicilin was
      observed with respect to 50 and 58 per cent of the isolates respectively. No
      antagonistic effect was detected on the combined use of the antibiotics. The
      majority of the isolates (96 per cent) were sensitive to combinations of
      carbenicillin in a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml with tobramycin or
      gentamicin in concentrations of 0.15 or 0.3 micrograms/ml respectively.

PMID- 6812491
TI  - Analysis of the in vitro interaction between vancomycin and cholestyramine.
AB  - Vancomycin and cholestyramine have been utilized both alone and in combination
      for the treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Previous
      work for the treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
      Previous work has demonstrated significant binding of vancomycin by the anion
      exchange resin. The antibacterial activity of vancomycin was markedly reduced
      when the suspension was centrifuged and the supernatant was tested for
      antibacterial activity. This study confirmed these findings but demonstrated that
      there was no immediate loss of antibacterial activity of bound vancomycin. The
      degree of inactivation appeared to be dependent upon the duration of incubation
      of vancomycin and cholestyramine in the testing system.

PMID- 6812490
TI  - Properties of penicillin-binding proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The properties of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      were studied by comparing PBPs of clinical isolates of different penicillin
      susceptibility and by putting various beta-lactam antibiotics in competition with
      radioactive penicillin for PBP binding. Apparent molecular weights of the three
      major PBPs found were 87,000 (PBP 1), 59,000 (PBP 2), and 44,000 (PBP 3).
      Relative penicillin resistance was associated with decreased binding to PBP 2
      and, to a lesser extent, to PBP 1. Cephaloridine and benzylpenicillin, which
      produced spheroplasts at minimal inhibitory concentrations, bound to all three
      PBPs. In contrast, antibiotics which produced a majority of enlarged but
      apparently intact cells bound only to PBP 2 (mecillinam) or to PBPs 2 and 3
      (cephalexin) at their minimal inhibitory concentrations.

PMID- 6812492
TI  - Effect of carbon dioxide and pH on susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group
      to erythromycin.
AB  - We examined the effects of pH and incubation in a CO(2)-containing atmosphere on
      the activity of erythromycin against 81 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis
      group. A striking reduction in erythromycin activity was noted when the pH
      decreased below 7.0 and when the organisms were incubated with CO(2).

PMID- 6812493
TI  - Primaquine: metabolism by microorganisms and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
      assignments.
AB  - Primaquine (I), a 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline derivatives used for the treatment
      of malaria, has been subjected to metabolic studies using microorganisms. A total
      of 77 microorganisms (fungi and Streptomyces spp.) were evaluated for their
      ability to metabolize primaquine. Of these, 23 were found to convert primaquine
      to one or more metabolites (thin-layer chromatography analysis). Preparative
      scale fermentation of primaquine with four different microorganisms resulted in
      the isolation of two metabolites, identified as 8-(4-acetamido-1
      methylbutylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline (II) and 8-(3-carboxyl-1-methylpropylamino)
      6-methoxyquinoline (III). The structures of the metabolites were proposed based
      primarily on a comparison of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of II and
      the methyl ester of III (IV) with that of primaquine. The structures of both
      metabolites II and III were confirmed by direct comparison with authentic
      samples.

PMID- 6812494
TI  - Mode of action of Myxococcus xanthus antibiotic TA.
AB  - Antibiotic TA inhibited incorporation of diaminopimelic acid and uridine
      diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine into Escherichia coli cell walls without altering
      the ratio of cross-linked to uncross-linked peptidoglycan. Formation of the lipid
      intermediate was not blocked by TA, suggesting that TA interferes with
      polymerization of the lipid-disaccharide-pentapeptide.

PMID- 6812495
TI  - Transfer of IncN plasmids to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Three of four N plasmids tested were found to be conjugatively transferable from
      Escherichia coli to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plasmids in the Pseudomonas
      transconjugants differed from the plasmids in the donor E. coli with respect to
      molecular weight, transfer ability, phenotype conferred, and stability. In some
      cases, the antibiotic and UV resistance genes appeared to integrate into the P.
      aeruginosa chromosome.

PMID- 6812496
TI  - In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria
      monocytogenes.
AB  - The in vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxyazole against clinical
      isolates of Listeria monocytogenes were examined separately and in combination
      with a microtiter broth dilution system. Sulfamethoxazole demonstrated variable
      activity and was generally bacteriostatic. Trimethoprim alone was bactericidal
      against 96% of isolates at less than 0.5 microgram/ml. The bactericidal action of
      trimethoprim against L. monocytogenes was generally potentiated by
      sulfamethoxyazole even when isolates were relatively resistant to
      sulfamethoxyazole alone.

PMID- 6812497
TI  - Extracellular proteases increase tolerance of Bacillus subtilis to nafcillin.
AB  - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis capable of secreting high amounts of protease were
      highly tolerant to the lethal and lytic effects of nafcillin. Protease-deficient
      mutants were more susceptible. However, when subtilisin was added to exogenously
      to a protease-deficient strain, the organism assumed the characteristics of
      nafcillin tolerance. Similarly, when phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a serine
      protease inhibitor, was added to the tolerant strains, they became susceptible to
      nafcillin-induced lysis. The effects of nafcillin on B. subtilis were studied
      with both viability determinations and assay of cellular lysis. The minimum
      inhibitory concentrations of nafcillin tended to be higher for the protease
      hyperproducing strains, but these values could be reduced by the protease
      inhibitor. No loss of antibiotic activity was observed when nafcillin was
      incubated with either subtilisin or trypsin. Furthermore, protease and autolysin
      from B. subtilis were not modified by nafcillin. The results showed that
      extracellular proteases could render B. subtilis relatively tolerant to the
      killing and lytic effects of a cell wall antibiotic. The proteases were probably
      acting on the autolysins of the organism, thereby increasing tolerance to
      nafcillin.

PMID- 6812498
TI  - Antibody response to sulfolipids in experimental tuberculosis.
AB  - Live Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, when injected into guinea pigs, induced
      antibodies to sulfolipids whereas antibodies were not detected in animals
      injected with heat killed cells. The antibody titre was found to be related to
      the degree of infection. A significant decrease in the titre was noted after
      streptomycin treatment, suggesting that antibodies were produced in response to
      an increasing bacterial load that occurred as the infection progressed.

PMID- 6812499
TI  - Microbial models of mammalian metabolism: O-dealkylation of para-alkoxybiphenyls.
AB  - The potential of selected microorganisms to O-dealkylate alkyl aryl ethers in a
      manner analogous to mammalian systems has been studied. A total of 45 fungi and
      actinomycetes were screened for their ability to O-demethylate 4-methoxybiphenyl.
      Of the 20 organisms found to actively metabolize this substrate, 5 were chosen
      for additional study. Incubation with a series of five homologous 4
      alkoxybiphenyls, 4-methoxy-, 4-ethoxy, 4-(1-propoxy)-, 4-(2-propoxy)-, and 4-(1
      butoxy)biphenyl, revealed that all were O-dealkylated by Aspergillus flavus ATCC
      24741. With Triton X-100 as a solubilizing agent, the relative rates and extent
      of O-dealkylation of the 4-alkoxybiphenyls, were studied with A. flavus. The
      methoxy and ethoxy dervatives were dealkylated in more than 90% yield after 72 h
      of incubation, while the higher homologs were cleaved to the extent of only about
      10%. An analogous pattern of O-dealkylation has been reported in mammalian
      systems.

PMID- 6812500
TI  - Isolation of amoebae from edible mushrooms.
AB  - Isolation of amoebae from the surface and internal tissues of edible mushrooms
      was investigated. Samples tested over a 3-year period included mushrooms
      cultivated from six geographic localities. Of 168 mushroom surfaces tested, 161
      (96%) yielded amoebae. Of 166 samples of internal stalk and cap tissues tested,
      only 1 yielded amoebae.

PMID- 6812501
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni survival in chicken meat as a function of temperature.
AB  - Recognition of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni (referred to hereafter as C.
      jejuni) as an important human pathogen and its isolation from meat products
      indicate the need for knowledge of its survival characteristics in meats. Thermal
      death times (D-values) for a single strain and a five-strain composite were
      determined in 1% peptone and autoclaved ground chicken meat at temperatures
      ranging from 49 to 57 degrees C. Survival was determined for these strains in
      chicken meat at 4, 23, 37, and 43 degrees C. Survival was also determined on raw
      chicken drumsticks stored at 4 degrees C in either an ambient or a CO2
      atmosphere. D-values were greater in chicken meat than in peptone in all cases. D
      values in peptone for strain H-840 at 49, 51, 53, 55, and 57 degrees C were 15.2,
      4.90, 1.71, 0,64, and 0.25 min, respectively. The corresponding D-values in
      ground chicken meat were 20.5, 8.77, 4.85, 2.12, and 0.79 min, respectively.
      Similar results were obtained with a composite of five strains. When sterile
      ground chicken meat was inoculated with approximately 10(6) to 10(7) C. jejuni
      cells per g and stored at 37 degrees C in an ambient atmosphere, a 1-to 2-log
      count increase occurred during the first 4 days, followed by a gradual decline of
      about 1 log during the remainder of the 17-day storage period. No growth was
      observed among similarly inoculated samples that were stored at 4, 23, and 43
      degrees C but counts declined by about 1 to 2 logs at 4 degrees C (17 day), by
      2.5 to 5 logs at 23 degrees C (17 days), and to undetectable levels at 43 degrees
      C (between 10 and 16 days). Survival on raw chicken drumsticks stored at 4
      degrees C in CO2 and in an ambient atmosphere declined by about 1.5 and 2.0 logs,
      respectively, during 21 days of storage. The effect of temperature on the
      survival of C. jejuni in chicken meat was similar to that reported in other
      natural and laboratory milieus. Ordinary cooking procedures that destroy
      salmonellae would be expected to destroy C. jejuni.

PMID- 6812502
TI  - Rabbit fibrinogen: time course of constituent chain production in vivo.

PMID- 6812503
TI  - 31P NMR studies on purine nucleoside phosphorylases: determination of the
      scissile bond and of the equilibrium constant.

PMID- 6812504
TI  - Properties of rat 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine hydroxylases: similarities among the
      kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle activities.

PMID- 6812505
TI  - Extraction of phospholipids from aldehyde-fixed membranes.
AB  - The effect of aldehyde fixation on membrane lipids and proteins has been studied.
      Purified fractions of toad retinal receptor outer segments were treated with a
      nonionic detergent after aldehyde fixation. Glutaraldehyde-fixed material
      retained proteins and phosphatidyl serine while other phospholipids were
      solubilized and extracted by detergent. Since phosphatidyl ethanolamine is
      extracted it is proposed tha the mechanism of phosphatidyl serine retention does
      not depend on its amine groups. Formaldehyde fixed material was not able to
      retain its proteins when treated with detergent. The difference in protein
      retention between formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde may be due to the formation of
      a supramolecular network in the presence of the two reactive groups in
      glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 6812506
TI  - Valproic acid and immune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - During the course of a prospective serial study over a period of one year,
      findings compatible with immune-mediated thrombocytolysis accompanied the
      administration of valproic acid in about half of 45 children with epilepsy.
      Thrombocytopenia occurred in 15 and neutropenia in 12 patients, but was transient
      and self-limiting in each. The association is probably one of cause and effect,
      and it may reflect the structural similarity between valproic acid and
      constituents of cell membranes.

PMID- 6812507
TI  - [Urethral diverticulum of the anterior urethra in the male. Clinical case of
      giant diverticulum].

PMID- 6812508
TI  - Effects of antirheumatoid drugs on the production and action of porcine
      catabolin.
AB  - We report the effects of some common antirheumatic drugs on the production of
      catabolin from synovium and on its action on cartilage. A method is described to
      generate reproducible amounts of catabolin from synovial mince. Aspirin, Clozic
      (ICI 55,897), and gold were without effect on the catabolin system. Penicillamine
      at high doses enhanced the action of catabolin, while chloroquine inhibited
      catabolin's effect on cartilage. Prednisolone inhibited the production of
      catabolin without affecting its action. This inhibition was produced by very low
      doses of prednisolone (25 ng/ml) and was dose-dependent.

PMID- 6812510
TI  - Different strains of rats develop different clinical forms of adjuvant disease.
AB  - Evidence is presented that a single injection of bacterial antigen in oil into a
      footpad of rats of 5 strains induced different clinical forms of adjuvant disease
      in the individual rat strains. Rats were injected with 300 micrograms heat-killed
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 50 microliters paraffin. Inflammatory lesions and
      clinical features were recorded on skeletal charts at frequent intervals after
      injection; methods of charting and quantifying the features are described. By
      individually marking the rats and using one or more charts per rat we obtained an
      objective record of the course of disease in each animal and thus a means of
      distinguishing clinical features from manifestations of disease severity.
      Evaluation of these records showed that there was a pattern of joint involvement
      and associated physical and clinical features specific to each strain and that
      such strain specificity was reproducible in groups of rats injected over periods
      up to 3 1/2 years. These results suggest that the clinical form of adjuvant
      disease developing in each rat in response to the injection of mycobacteria in
      oil is genetically determined, and that there are additional factors that
      interact with genetic ones to allow adjuvant disease to develop in a particular
      rat.

PMID- 6812509
TI  - Contents and compositions of glycosaminoglycans in different sites of the human
      hip joint cartilage.
AB  - The distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in different functional regions
      (weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing portions) of the human hip joint cartilage
      was studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Weight-bearing cartilage
      contains larger amounts of GAGs than nonweight-bearing, cartilage. (2) Weight
      bearing cartilage contains keratan sulphate in higher ratio to chondroitin
      sulphate than nonweight-bearing cartilage. (3) The differences in content and
      composition of GAGs between the weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing portions are
      more pronounced in the femoral head than in the acetabulum. The preliminary
      analyses showed that the chondroitin sulphate from the acetabular cartilage
      contained exclusively 6-sulphated disaccharide units and there was some
      heterogeneity in keratan sulphate.

PMID- 6812511
TI  - Fractionated total lymphoid irradiation as preparative immunosuppression in high
      risk renal transplantation: clinical and immunological studies.
AB  - Twenty-two patients at high risk to reject renal allografts have been treated
      with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (FTLI) prior to transplantation of
      primary (2), secondary (16) or teritary (4) renal allografts. All patients
      undergoing retransplantation had rapidly rejected previous grafts. At 24 months
      following transplantation, 72% of grafts were functioning in the TLI group
      compared with a 38% graft function in an historical control group of recipients
      receiving secondary or tertiary grafts and treated with conventional
      immunosuppression. Important variables in determining success of transplantation
      following fractionated TLI include the dose of TLI, the interval from radiation
      to transplantation, and maintenance, post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy.
      Optimal results were achieved with 2500 rads delivered in 100 rad fractions
      followed by transplantation within two weeks, and a tapering prednisone schedule
      and maintenance azathioprine post-transplantation. Seventeen patients had
      significant complications of the radiation treatment and there was one death,
      prior to transplantation, associated with pneumonitis. In vitro assessment of
      immune function demonstrated marked peripheral T cell depletion and loss of in
      vitro responsiveness to mitogen and allogeneic stimulation following FTLI. The
      administration of donor bone marrow at the time of transplantation did not
      produce chimerism. The results suggest that when properly utilized FTLI can
      produce effective adjunctive immunosuppression for clinical transplantation.

PMID- 6812512
TI  - The extrahepatic biliary tract injury: perspective in diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Nonsurgical trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tract is being reported with
      increasing frequency. There has been no recent review of the management of these
      injuries. Forty patients over the past twelve years at Charity Hospital, New
      Orleans, were studied. The 10% mortality rate was due to associated injuries.
      Tangential injuries were best managed by suture closure and T-tube drainage.
      Biliary-enteric anastomoses were most successful in the treatment of complete
      transections. Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon, and new methods of diagnosis are
      discussed. Injuries of this nature are responsible for high morbidity rates due
      to fistula or stricture formation. Successful management of these injuries is
      vital, even in those patients with more severe associated injuries.

PMID- 6812514
TI  - A nitroimidazole-thiadiazole derivative with curative action in experimental
      Trypanosoma cruzi infections.

PMID- 6812513
TI  - The effect of parenteral and enteral nutrition on portal and systemic
      immunoreactivities of gastrin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP).
AB  - To compare the effect of parenteral with enteral nutrition on gastroentero
      pancreatic hormones, hypercaloric and hypocaloric nutrient preparations, commonly
      used clinically, were administered to rats either through cannulae in the jugular
      vein or gastrostomies. Control rats were fed orally ad libitum. Portal and aortic
      plasma was collected for radioimmunoassay with antibodies to C-terminal regions
      of gastrin and glucagon and to N-terminal-to-central regions of glucagon and VIP.
      Levels of all immunoreactivities were significantly lower in aortic than portal
      plasma. Apparent clearance of glucagon and gastrin by liver or lung both was
      enhanced by administration of the hypercaloric nutrient intravenously. Only
      intragastric hypercaloric nutrition maintained levels of VIP immunoreactivity
      close to those of control rats. Intragastric administration of either preparation
      appeared to maintain adequate levels of gastrin. Differences in the levels of
      glucagon immunoreactivities may be related to the stimulatory effects of
      metabolites in the lower gut and pancreas.

PMID- 6812515
TI  - Parasites in Sudanese cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis.

PMID- 6812516
TI  - Primary intestinal tuberculosis in the Sudan.

PMID- 6812517
TI  - Antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in mice infected with T. rangeli.

PMID- 6812518
TI  - Male fertility and its regulation: expanded abstracts. International symposium,
      Maui, Hawaii, October 9-15, 1982.

PMID- 6812519
TI  - Abnormalities in thyroid function tests in patients admitted to medical service.
AB  - Serum thyroid hormone, thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
      concentrations, free thyroxine index values, and free thyroxine concentrations
      were measured at the time of admission in all 77 patients hospitalized on a
      medical service on four separate days. Serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations and
      serum free T4 index values were decreased in 19.5% and 11.7%, respectively, and
      increased in 3.9% and 11.7%, respectively; serum free T4 concentrations were
      decreased in 6.8% and increased in 5.4%. Six patients (7.8%) had increased serum
      TSH concentrations. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were decreased in
      26.0% and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations were increased in 29.9%.
      None had manifestations of thyroid disease. These results indicate that available
      thyroid function tests may give misleading results in patients with nonthyroid
      illness and suggest that caution be exercised in diagnosing thyroid disease in
      hospitalized patients.

PMID- 6812520
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin for rest angina. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms
      of action.
AB  - Twenty patients with refractory rest angina pectoris were treated with
      intravenously (IV) administered nitroglycerin (mean dosage, 72.4 micrograms/min;
      range, 15 to 226 micrograms/min). There was a considerable reduction or abolition
      in the number of ischemic episodes in 85% of patients without overall substantial
      changes in heart rate, mean arterial BP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
      (PCWP), and pulmonary arterial mean pressure. However, those patients with an
      initial PCWP of more than 12 mm Hg or a systolic pressure of more than 130 mm Hg
      had a substantial reduction in PCWP and systolic BP following IV nitroglycerin.
      We conclude that IV nitroglycerin may relieve rest angina by different
      pathophysiologic mechanisms. In some patients, IV nitroglycerin favorably altered
      the hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption. In others,
      however, no change in these determinants occurred, suggesting a direct effect on
      the coronary circulation.

PMID- 6812521
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of thyroid function tests.
AB  - The cost-effectiveness of thyroid function tests (serum thyroxine concentration,
      triiodothyronine [T3]-resin uptake, free thyroxine index, serum T3, and serum
      thyrotropin concentration) was assessed in 135 ambulatory patients suspected of
      hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism who did not have a history of thyroid disease
      requiring medication or thyroid surgery within the preceding two years. Of
      patients with five or more signs and symptoms compatible with thyroid
      dysfunction, 50.0% had biochemical abnormalities substantiating hypothyroidism or
      hyperthyroidism, while only 1.5% of patients with fewer than two signs and
      symptoms had either disease. The cost of thyroid function tests was twice as much
      per patient evaluated by residents as for those evaluated by faculty physicians.
      These results suggest that interventions to reduce the number and type of tests
      in patients without multiple signs and symptoms of thyroid disease could improve
      the cost-effective use of these tests.

PMID- 6812522
TI  - Central sleep apnea. Improvement with acetazolamide therapy.
AB  - Respiratory rhythm during sleep may be dependent on blood pH with apneas being
      associated with alkalosis. Acidification may therefore have therapeutic value in
      some forms of sleep apnea. We administered acetazolamide to six patients with
      symptomatic central sleep apnea, a disorder of respiratory rhythm with little or
      no upper airway obstruction. Sleep studies were carried out before and after one
      week of drug therapy, during which time the mean arterial pH decreased from 7.42
      to 7.34. All six patients had significant improvement, demonstrating a 69%
      reduction in total apneas. Five of the six patients reported better-quality sleep
      and decreased daytime hypersomnolence. Subsequent studies in normal subjects
      showed that acetazolamide, like other agents known to produce a metabolic
      acidosis, shifted the hypercapnic ventilatory response to the left 5 +/- 0.54 mm
      Hg. This may be important in mediating the observed decrease in apneas.

PMID- 6812524
TI  - Enterococci. Biologic and epidemiologic characteristics and in vitro
      susceptibility.
AB  - Enterococci cause urinary tract infection (usually asymptomatic), 5% to 15% of
      cases of endocarditis, and rare cases of meningitis. Their role in polymicrobial
      infection in the abdomen and pelvis is difficult to assess. Ninety percent of
      enterococci are inhibited by 4 mg/L of penicillin G, by 2 mg/L of ampicillin, and
      by 6 mg/L of vancomycin. The penicillinase-resistant penicillins, cephalosporins,
      carbenicillin, and ticarcillin are at least fourfold less active against
      enterococci than penicillin G, whereas piperacillin has activity equivalent to
      penicillin G. The addition of an aminoglycoside to penicillin, ampicillin,
      vancomycin or piperacillin--which are not bactericidal against most strains of
      enterococci--results in more rapid and complete bacterial activity (ie,
      synergistic activity).

PMID- 6812523
TI  - Pseudomonas peritonitis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - In a population of 44 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD) for a total of 591 patient months, there were 104 episodes of
      peritonitis. The organisms were gram-positive in 65.4%, gram-negative in 23.1%,
      and cultures of the dialysate were sterile in 11.5%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
      the most frequently encountered gram-negative organism, accounting for 38.5% of
      the gram-negative infections or 9.6% of all infections. In all cases of P
      aeruginosa peritonitis, aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy for up to four weeks
      failed to eradicate the infection, and all patients required removal of the
      Tenckhoff catheter because of the presence of a sinus tract infection. We
      conclude that P aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of gram-negative
      peritonitis in patients receiving CAPD. The presence of a sinus tract infection
      should be suspected in all patients in whom peritonitis secondary to this
      organism develops. Removal of the Tenckhoff catheter will be required to cure the
      peritoneal infection.

PMID- 6812525
TI  - Pseudomonas. Clinical problems related to virulence factors and development of
      resistance.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged into the limelight mainly as a result of
      compromised host problems and the development of resistance leading to serious
      treatment difficulties. The organism possesses virulence factor that produce an
      effect in certain clinical situations. Changes in local anatomy, often with the
      presence of foreign bodies, are important (bladder and intravenous catheters,
      tracheostomy, burns, wounds, and injuries). Deficiencies in immune defense,
      particularly granulocytopenia, are almost a prerequisite for development of
      Pseudomonas septicemia and meningitis. The toxic factors of Pseudomonas organisms
      in combination with a disturbed defense mechanism produce characteristic necrotic
      skin lesions. A mucoid form of P aeruginosa is a characteristic feature of cystic
      fibrosis. Resistance of P aeruginosa to antibiotics is very definitely associated
      with overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics in hospitals. New and more effective
      antibiotics may be needed.

PMID- 6812526
TI  - Enhancement of specific nitrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense and
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition in Rhizobium japonicum under air by phenol.
AB  - Specific nitrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 29145 in surface
      cultures under air is enhanced from about 50 nmol C2H4 X mg protein -1 X h-1 to
      400 nmol C2H4 by the addition of 1 mM phenol. 0.5 and 2 mM phenol added increase
      the rate 5-fold and 4-fold. This enhancement effect is observed only between 2
      and 3 days after inoculation, with only a small reduction of the growth of the
      cells by the phenol added. In surface cultures under 1% O2, nitrogenase activity
      is slightly reduced by the addition of 1-0.01 mM phenol. Utilization of succinate
      is enhanced during the period of maximum enhancement of nitrogenase activity by
      60% by addition of 1 mM phenol. The cells did not produce 14CO2 from [U-14C]
      phenol, neither in surface cultures nor in liquid cultures and less than 0.1% of
      the phenol was incorporated into the cells. A smaller but significant enhancement
      of nitrogenase activity by about 100% in surface cultures under air was found
      with Klebsiella pneumoniae K 11 after addition of 1 mM phenol. However, in
      Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 all phenol concentrations above 0.01 mM reduced
      nitrogenase activity. With 1 mM phenol added activity was reduced to less than
      10% with no effect on the growth in the same cultivation system. With this
      Rhizobium japonicum strain significant quantities of phenol (25 mumol in 24 h by
      2 X 10(12) cells) were metabolized to 14CO2, with phenol as sole carbon source.
      With Azospirillum brasilense in liquid culture under 1% and 2% O2 in the gas
      phase, no enhancement of nitrogenase activity by phenol was noticed.

PMID- 6812527
TI  - Biosynthesis of vitamin B12. Different pathways in some aerobic and anaerobic
      microorganisms.
AB  - Radioactivity from [1'-14C]riboflavin was incorporated into the 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole moiety of Vitamin B12 in the aerobes Bacillus megaterium,
      Nocardia rugosa and Streptomyces sp. as well as in the aerotolerant anaerobe
      Propionibacterium freudenreichii, but not in the anaerobe Eubacterium limosum. As
      recently published for E. limosum, also in the anaerobe Clostridium barkeri
      radioactivity from [1-14C]glycine and [2-14C]glycine was found in the 5,6
      dimethylbenzimidazole moiety, but not in the corrin moiety. The addition of L
      [methyl-14C]methionine to C. barkeri led to the labeling of the corrin moiety and
      the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety, showing that the seven "extra" methyl
      groups in the corrin ring as well as the two methyl groups of the base part
      originate from this precursor. In Clostridium thermoaceticum, forming the vitamin
      B12 analog 5-methoxybenzimidazolylcobamide, [1-14C]glycine and [2-14C]glycine
      were also incorporated into the 5-methoxybenzimidazole moiety, but not into the
      corrin ring. In E. limosum L-[U-14C]glutamate led to the labeling of the corrin
      ring of vitamin B12, but not of its base moiety. These results together with data
      from the literature indicate that a common biosynthetic pathway might exist for
      the corrinoid biosynthesis in aerobic microorganisms, and in those aerotolerant
      anaerobes like the Propionibacteria, which form the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
      moiety of vitamin B12 only under aerobic conditions. They also show that this
      pathway differs from the pathway found in anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 6812529
TI  - Effects of growth temperature on transport and membrane viscosity in
      Streptococcus faecalis.
AB  - A shift in the growth temperature of Streptococcus faecalis from 37 to 10 degrees
      C resulted in an 18% increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
      Electron spin resonance spectra of spin-labeled membranes and extracted
      phospholipids indicated viscosity changes consistent with the alterations in
      fatty acid composition. Growth temperature had no significant effect on the
      active transport of leucine and alanine; uptake rates assayed at 10 or 35 degrees
      C were essentially the same in cells grown at either 10 or 37 degrees C. The
      relative rapidity of amino acid transport, which presumably contributes to the
      ability of S. faecalis to thrive in cold environments, is evidently unrelated to
      adaptive changes in the viscosity of membrane lipids.

PMID- 6812528
TI  - Regulation of proline catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO.
AB  - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in the utilization of L-proline as
      the only carbon and nitrogen source have been found to be defective either in
      proline dehydrogenase activity or in both proline dehydrogenase and delta 1
      pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activities of the bifunctional proline
      degradative enzyme. The latter type of mutants was unable to utilize L-ornithine,
      indicating that a single delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
      is involved in the degradation of ornithine and proline. Proline dehydrogenase
      and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activities were strongly and
      coordinately induced by proline. It was excluded that delta 1-pyrroline-5
      carboxylate acted as an inducer of the bifunctional enzyme and it was shown that
      the low level induction observed during growth on ornithine was due to the
      intracellular formation of proline. The formation of the proline degradative
      enzyme was shown to be subject to catabolite repression by citrate and nitrogen
      control.

PMID- 6812530
TI  - [Experiences in the differential morphological diagnosis of animal viruses and
      virus infections].

PMID- 6812531
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children].
AB  - Two groups of children with severe diabetic ketoacidosis were treated with 2
      different insulin regimens: the first with conventional intermittent
      intramuscular insulin injections (0.5-1.0 U/kg/3-4 hrs), the second, with
      continuous low-dose insulin infusion (0.05-0.1 U/kg/hr). Therapeutic effects were
      compared. Compared to the conventional regimen, low-dose insulin infusion showed
      several advantages: 1) better control of blood glucose level, 2) no risk of
      hypoglycemia and hypokaliemia, 3) rapid decrease of urinary ketone bodies and 4)
      gradual acidosis correction. When associated with a proper replacement of fluids
      and electrolytes, low-dose insulin infusion appeared to be a simple and effective
      regimen in the treatment of children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6812532
TI  - [Hepatic toxicity of sodium valproate].

PMID- 6812533
TI  - [Hereditary pancreatitis. Two new kindreds ].
AB  - An acute pancreatitis was observed in 2 children belonging to two unrelated
      families in which a total of 8 kindreds also had pancreatitis. Evolution was so
      severe that it demanded parenteral feeding and partial pancreatectomy with
      Wirsung-intestinal shunting. The authors stress: the rarity of this condition
      (which has a dominant autosomal transmission), the lack of specificity, the
      severity in which pseudocysts predominate, the further occurrence of both
      diabetes and external pancreatic deficiency and finally, the risk of pancreatic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6812534
TI  - [Sodium valproate (Na VPa) monotherapy in childhood epilepsy ].
AB  - 80 epileptic children were treated with sodium valproate as a monotherapy for a
      mean duration of 15 months. The fits stopped in 50% and diminished in 27.5% of
      cases. The treatment was particularly efficient in primary generalized epilepsies
      (cessation in 77%, reduction in 18% of cases), in the photosensitive epilepsies,
      and in children with a normal mental development. Reducing a multiple treatment
      to valproate monotherapy resulted in behavioral improvement in 10 of 11 cases and
      in a reduction or even a discontinuation of the fits. Drowsiness, insomnia, hair
      loss, gastrointestinal disturbances and weight gaining were the most important
      side effects. Evaluations of the plasmatic levels in relation to daily doses
      allow to advise a mean daily dose of 20-30 mg/kg depending on the child's age.

PMID- 6812536
TI  - Neuroendocrine responses in diagnostic groups.

PMID- 6812535
TI  - [Acute cerebral edema complicating therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis in children
      ].
AB  - Cerebral edema complicating treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis does not seen to
      be very rare. This neurologic complication, which was observed in 3 cases,
      presents similarly in all patients, occurs mainly in children and adolescents and
      is usually lethal. Its mechanism has not been clearly explained yet. Various
      etiologic factors have been considered; sodium depletion, rapid infusion of
      hypotonic solutions and rapid fall of plasma glucose level might have a
      deleterious effect. On the basis of these data, some preventive therapeutic
      measures are proposed.

PMID- 6812537
TI  - [On the occurrence of phenoloxidase containing cells (POZ) in nude mice].
AB  - Nude mice, who are deficient in T-lymphocytes, were investigated to test, if the
      T-lymphocytes belong to the POZ or not. The results did not solve the question.
      But it has been confirmed that the POZ of the tissues are haematopoetic stem
      cells. Regarding to the obtained PO evidence nude mice are deranged in the PO
      cell system. This derangement might be the reason for the fact that these animals
      tolerate foreign tissues like tumours.

PMID- 6812538
TI  - [Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer--actual results ].
AB  - The preliminary results of a prospective controlled study for a first-line
      therapy in women with hormone-resistant advanced breast cancer are reported. Two
      therapy-regimens were compared: 1) cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and ftorafur
      (CMFt) and 2) cyclophosphamide and ftorafur (CFt). The overall objective response
      rate for both treatment groups was 30%, the duration of remission was 10 months
      in the CMFt-regimen and 5 months in the CFt-regimen. 21 patients were
      subsequently treated with the non-cross-resistant combination adriamycin and
      vincristine (AV) after either relapse or failure of the firstline modalities. 33%
      of the AV-group obtained further palliation with a median duration of 7 months,
      objective response was not seen.

PMID- 6812539
TI  - Effects of neonatal administrations of 6-OHDA on brain development. II. Changes
      in the central noradrenaline system.

PMID- 6812540
TI  - Anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin I. Immunization of sheep.
AB  - The production of sheep Pseudomonas immune serum is described. The animals were
      immunized with Pseudomonas vaccine prepared from strains of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa belonging to seven immunotypes of Fisher's schema. Immune sera
      obtained from hyperimmunized sheep are characterized by a high level of stabel
      antibodies with a good protective activity for mice against infection with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has been demonstrated that sheep may be used for a
      long time as a source of immune serum.

PMID- 6812541
TI  - Anti-pseudomonas immunoglobulin. II. Preparation of purified sheep
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - Several methods of fractionation of sheep anti-sera against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were applied for the preparation of immunoglobulins. The methods
      involving salting out with ammonium sulfate or purification by means of caprylic
      acid were shown to be most suitable for isolation of immunoglobulins under
      manufacturing conditions. The preparations obtained by these methods agglutinated
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suspension in vitro and protected mice against lethal
      infection with this microorganism.

PMID- 6812542
TI  - Protective activity of immune sera against extracellular slime from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa on experimental infection in mice.
AB  - Slime-extracts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains induced in rabbit synthesis of
      antibodies which protected mice against lethal intraperitoneal challenge. The
      antislime sera produced the maximal protection when given simultaneously with
      challenge dose of bacteria or 3 to 24 h before inoculation of animals. Some
      antisera exhibited also marked activity in groups of mice passively immunized 48,
      72 or even 96 h before challenge. No effect was observed when immune serum was
      administered after infection.

PMID- 6812543
TI  - Immunity to Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits vaccinated with extracellular slime
      from mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing proteases.

PMID- 6812544
TI  - Structural changes of glutaraldehyde- treated porcine bioprosthetic valves.
AB  - Gross anatomic, histologic, and transmission and scanning electron microscopic
      observations were made of 29 bioprosthetic valves that had been implanted in
      patients for up to 115 months. On the basis of these morphologic data, no
      significant evidence of tissue rejection was seen. However, the durability of
      these valve bioprostheses is still questionable. Our observation primarily
      emphasize three factors: (1) disruption of the endothelial cell barrier and the
      lack of significant host endothelialization even 115 months after
      transplantation; (2) increased permeability that eased diffusion of circulating
      host plasma proteins into valve tissue, and increased activity of infiltration
      processes, eg. calcification and lipid accumulation; and (3) biodegradation of
      the collagen framework. Each of these factors may contribute further to valve
      dysfunction. Development of an intimal fibrous sheath seems to occur in porcine
      bioprostheses that have been implanted for the longest periods of time, but the
      rate of host tissue ingrowth varies.

PMID- 6812545
TI  - Immunoperoxidase localization of factor VIII in angiosarcomas.
AB  - Factor VIII-related antigen was studied in 28 cases of angiosarcoma from
      different sites by means of the immunoperoxidase technique. Positive
      immunostaining was observed in 23 cases. Five cases composed preponderantly of
      solid areas, with little vasoformative activity, showed negative immunostaining.
      This technique is of value in diagnosing tumors of endothelial origin.

PMID- 6812546
TI  - The initiation of voluntary movements by the supplementary motor area.
AB  - The hypothesis is formulated that in all voluntary movements the initial neuronal
      event is in the supplementary motor areas (SMA) of both cerebral hemispheres.
      Experimental support is provided by three lines of evidence. 1. In voluntary
      movements many neurones of the SMA are activated probably up to 200 ms before the
      pyramidal tract discharge. 2. Investigations of regional cerebral blood flow by
      the radioactive Xenon technique reveal that there is neuronal activity in the SMA
      of both sides during a continual series of voluntary movements, and that this
      even occurs when the movement is thought of, but not executed. 3. With voluntary
      movement there is initiation of a slow negative potential (the readiness
      potential, RP) at up to 0.8 s before the movement. The RP is maximum over the
      vertex, i.e. above the SMA, and is large there even in bilateral Parkinsonism
      when it is negligible over the motor cortex. An account is given of the SMA,
      particularly its connectivities to the basal ganglia and the cerebellum that are
      active in the preprogramming of a movement. The concept of motor programs is
      described and related to the action of the SMA. It is proposed that each mental
      intention acts on the SMA in a specific manner and that the SMA has an
      'inventory' and the 'addresses' of stored subroutines of all learnt motor
      programs. Thus by its neuronal connectivities the SMA is able to bring about the
      desired movement. There is a discussion of the manner in which the mental act of
      intention calls forth neural actions in the SMA that eventually lead to the
      intended movement. Explanation is given on the basis of the dualist
      interactionist hypothesis of mind-brain liaison. The challenge is to the
      physicalists to account for the observed phenomena in voluntary movement.

PMID- 6812548
TI  - Estimating energy requirements in patients receiving parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Adequate nutritional support should use a patient's energy expenditure as a guide
      for administering sufficient but not excessive caloric intake. Sixty-seven
      patients were evaluated using indirect calorimetry, to determine the
      applicability of commonly used predictive equations for energy expenditure in
      patients requiring parenteral nutrition. The frequently used calculation that
      involves multiplying a constant value of kilocalories per kilogram by the
      patients weight consistently underestimated the energy requirements of patients
      of low body weight and overestimated the requirements for heavy body weight. The
      Harris-Benedict equation was found to be highly dependent on body weight and was
      not any more accurate than estimations of individual requirements using a simpler
      weight or surface area regression equation. We recommend that an actual
      regression equation incorporating body weight or body surface area be used to
      predict energy requirements and that the oversimplified but common use of the
      constant value of kilocalories per kilogram be abandoned.

PMID- 6812547
TI  - The 24-hour secretory pattern of LH and the response to LHRH in transsexual men.
AB  - Ten separate aspects of hypothalamic and pituitary function were studied in 13
      male-to-female transsexuals and compared to the results of 7 heterosexual adult
      men. In 4 of 5 transsexuals, the 24-hour mean serum concentration of LH, the LH
      pulse frequency or amplitude, or the apparent half-life of disappearance of serum
      LH were greater than the 95% confidence limit of normal men. The maximum
      concentration of LH or FSH following the administration of 100 micrograms LHRH,
      the area under the response curve of LH or FSH following LHRH, or both were
      significantly greater than normal in 5 of 13 male-to-female transsexuals. The
      response of LH following the administration of LHRH was repeated in 3 subjects
      during estrogen therapy, and in one there was a paradoxical increase in the
      response of LH. Transsexualism may be associated with a neuroendocrine defect in
      the hypothalamus or pituitary that is characterized by high-frequency, high
      amplitude pulsatile secretion of pituitary LH.

PMID- 6812549
TI  - Hemodynamics of intravenous nitroglycerin during aortic clamping.
AB  - Anesthetic management and dosage schedules of vasodilators have not been
      standardized in many studies of aortic cross clamping (CCL). For this reason, 25
      consecutive patients with arteriosclerotic disease of the aorta were studied, all
      having received the same anesthetic management. Six patients who received
      nitroglycerin during the cross clamp period, at a dosage of 0.25
      micrograms/kg/min, were compared with 19 who underwent CCL without the drug.
      Contractility was maintained in the nitroglycerin group, but not in the other
      group. Despite a low cardiac index in both groups, peripheral blood flow was
      adequate only in the nitroglycerin group. Intrapulmonary shunt was higher in the
      nitroglycerin group, but it did not significantly decrease the Pao2.
      Nitroglycerin infusion seems to be helpful in maintaining pre-CCL contractility
      and adequacy of peripheral blood flow.

PMID- 6812550
TI  - Mutagenicity tests with astemizole in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Possible induction of chromosomal aberrations and/or sister chromatid exchanges
      by astemizole was studied in vitro on human lymphocytes. In vivo chromosomal
      damage was assessed by a micronucleus test on rats and a dominant lethal test on
      both male and female mice. All these tests yielded negative results for
      astemizole so that is can be concluded that astemizole has no potential to induce
      chromosomal aberrations.

PMID- 6812551
TI  - [Tropical enteropathy: morphologic and functional changes of the small intestine
      and their effects on nutritional status].
AB  - Tropical enteropathy has been described in children and adults that live in
      developing countries. This disease may be symptomatic or may present without
      symptoms. We studied 66 patients with tropical enteropathy with special reference
      to the nutritional status and the intestinal function. The follow-up of the
      nutritional status revealed that 63 (95.49%) presented current malnutrition. The
      D-xylose absorption test was significantly lower than those found in the control
      group. The mean plasmatic triglyceride increment after the margarine load was
      significantly lower than that found in the control group. Carbohydrate tolerance
      tests revealed 51.3% lactose malabsorption, 35.07% sucrose malabsorption and 5%
      glucose malabsorption. Small bowel biopsy showed partial villous atrophy as the
      most frequent morphological characteristic observed. These children constitute an
      homogenous group representative of the majority of the population of the Third
      World.

PMID- 6812552
TI  - Prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy as a function of the laterality of the
      epileptogenic lesion.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of the psychiatric diagnoses in a group of patients
      surgically relieved of medically intractable epilepsy tested the hypothesis that
      patients with left-sided temporal lobe epileptogenic lesions are at greater risk
      for the development of a so-called schizophrenic-like psychosis than are those
      with right-sided temporal lobe epileptogenic lesions. The data confirmed the
      hypothesis and also demonstrated an increased prevalence of sinistrals in the
      psychotic group. Thus, epilepsy involving the dominant hemisphere at the
      inception of the seizure disorder is the significant risk factors. The data also
      indicated that a psychosis is unlikely to develop in patients with other
      (nontemporal) forms of focal epilepsy. On the basis of these data and data from
      other studies, the prevalence of psychosis in patients with poorly controlled
      temporal lobe epilepsy was estimated to be approximately 10% to 15%.

PMID- 6812553
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin on the diameter of intracranial and extracranial
      arteries in monkeys.

PMID- 6812555
TI  - Response of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to testosterone therapy:
      endocrine evaluation.
AB  - Four men with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were treated with 200 mg of
      intramuscular testosterone weekly. Endocrine evaluation, using a gonadotropin
      releasing hormone infusion test, indicated the expected degree of suppression of
      pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone production. These
      data suggest that testosterone's (androgen) interaction with its receptors in the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis is normal in patients with ALS.

PMID- 6812556
TI  - Hypermagnesemic periodic paralysis: treatment with digitalis and lithium
      carbonate.
AB  - An 18-year-old man suffering from a hereditary hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
      showed, in addition, a hypermagnesemic periodic paralysis with a 2.5-fold
      increase in serum magnesium level. All other serum electrolyte levels were
      normal. The hypermagnesemic periodic paralysis seems to have been caused by a
      disturbance of the renal tubular system. Thus, magnesium-stimulated paralysis was
      prevented by treatment with lithium carbonate and digitalis, which blocked the
      active ion transport.

PMID- 6812554
TI  - Hyperpipecolic acidemia. Occurrence in an infant with clinical findings of the
      cerebrohepatorenal (Zellweger) syndrome.
AB  - An infant with clinical presentation of the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (CHRS) of
      Zellweger was found to have increased plasma and urinary concentrations of
      pipecolic acid. When given a loading dose of DL-pipecolic acid hydrochloride, she
      showed a reduced clearance rate for that acid. Piperidine, delta 6-piperidine-2
      carboxylic acid, and alpha-aminoadipic acid were not detected in plasma or urine.
      Her response to a lysine load was comparable to that of controls. These data
      provide further evidence of the connection between hyperpipecolic acidemia and
      CHRS.

PMID- 6812557
TI  - Tonsillar hyperplasia in children. A cause of obstructive sleep apneas, CO2
      retention, and retarded growth.
AB  - Tonsillar hyperplasia causing obstructive sleep apneas in children is a well
      defined clinical entity with nocturnal CO2 retention, retarded growth, and
      impaired physical and psychological status. Pulmonary hypertension, cor
      pulmonale, and ultimately, death may develop in a small number of these children.
      This syndrome may also develop in children with only moderately enlarged tonsils
      in association with neuromuscular hypothonia or anatomical defects. Anamnesis
      will readily detect the children at risk. The syndrome is cured completely by
      tonsillectomy. The CO2 retention disappears and length and weight growths are
      accelerated after surgery.

PMID- 6812558
TI  - Sensitivity of auditory lateralization and temporal order tests to
      benzodiazepines.
AB  - The responses to tests of auditory lateralization and temporal order to the
      administration of desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) and of chlorodesmethyldiazepam (Cl
      DMDZ) have been investigated. Therapeutic doses of these two benzodiazepines were
      used. We have tested four groups of 10 healthy normally hearing subjects. It was
      demonstrated that both DMDZ and Cl-DMDZ cause a temporary disturbance in the
      lateralization tests: delta i but especially delta t. The temporal order test is
      not altered after drug administration. The physiopathological and topodiagnostic
      value of these tests and the site of action of the benzodiazepines are discussed.

PMID- 6812559
TI  - Radiology in health screening. A rational basis for screening.

PMID- 6812560
TI  - Minority mating advantage of certain eye color mutants of Drosophila
      melanogaster. III. Female discrimination and genetic background.

PMID- 6812561
TI  - Genetic variation for anemotaxis (wind-directed movement) in laboratory and wild
      caught populations of Drosophilia.

PMID- 6812562
TI  - The role of female movement in the sexual behavior of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6812563
TI  - A system for preparation, detection and identification of a precipitinogen (eta)
      of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that is not detectable in strains of M.
      bovis.
AB  - A precipitinogen (designated eta: eta), which was undetectable in BCG and the
      Ravenal strain of Mycobacterium bovis, was detected in sonic extracts of the
      H37Rv and H37Ra strains of M. tuberculosis by agar gel immunodiffusion. Since
      precipitinogen eta was very labile in cell extracts and crude preparations,
      reproducible methods for preparing and detecting the precipitinogen eta were
      investigated. Two conditions were found necessary for a stable preparation: (1)
      deferration of all materials to which eta precipitinogen was exposed throughout
      procedures and (2) use of phosphate buffer of over pH 7.5 and over 0.07 M for
      solubilizing eta. Two methods were effective and useful for purification of
      precipitinogen eta: (1) Salting-out using deferrated ammonium sulfate (35-40%
      saturation) and (2) gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 or Bio-gel P
      300 that had been thoroughly washed with chelating agents. The purified eta
      prepared by a combination of these two methods, retained activity on storage in
      the frozen state for several years or on incubation at 40 C for 30 min. A system
      was developed for detection and identification of eta using stable, purified eta
      as a reference. eta Precipitinogen was heat-labile (60 C for 10 min), and behaved
      as an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 230,000 or approximately 260,000
      daltons.

PMID- 6812564
TI  - Hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by purified renal brush-border
      membranes. Mechanism of NAD+ inhibition of brush-border membrane phosphate
      transport activity.
AB  - Purified rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles possess a heat-labile enzyme
      activity which hydrolyses NAD+. A reciprocal relationship exists between the
      disappearance of NAD+ and the appearance of adenosine; 2 mol of Pi are liberated
      from each mol of NAD+ incubated with brush-border membrane vesicles. Freezing and
      thawing brush-border membrane vesicles does not enhance the initial rate of NAD+
      hydrolysis. Preincubation of brush-border membrane vesicles with NAD+ results in
      inhibition of Na+-dependent Pi-transport activity, whereas Na+-dependent glucose
      transport is not affected. EDTA, which prevents the release of Pi from NAD+ and
      which itself has no direct effect on brush-border membrane Pi transport, reverses
      the NAD+ inhibition of Na+-dependent Pi transport. These results suggest that it
      is the Pi liberated from NAD+ and not NAD+ itself that inhibits Na+-dependent Pi
      transport.

PMID- 6812565
TI  - Comparative developmental analysis of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual
      glands in the neonatal rat.
AB  - Analysis of the soluble protein fractions from the rat parotid, submandibular and
      sublingual glands by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis reveals similarities in
      overall patterns of protein synthesis at birth. Tissue-specific changes in
      protein and glycoprotein synthesis occur shortly after birth and again at the
      time of weaning, 21--28 days later. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was
      at its highest after birth and gradually decreased in both the parotid and
      submandibular gland, whereas [3H]thymidine incorporation in the sublingual gland
      was low throughout the time of neonatal development. [14C]Leucine incorporation
      into total protein increased in all glands with age after birth, showing an
      accelerated rate 21--28 days later. Trichloroacetic acid/phosphotungstic acid
      precipitable [3H]fucose in glycoproteins declined over the time of neonatal
      development in the parotid and submandibular gland, but its incorporation
      remained higher in the sublingual gland. alpha-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the
      salivary glands increased at the time of weaning, as judged by detectability in
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels and by immune precipitation. Two
      membrane-bound enzymes, UDP-galactose:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine 4 beta
      galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) and UDP-galactose:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      galactosaminyl-protein 3 beta-galactosyltransferase (no EC number), undergo
      tissue-specific change rather than changes induced by physiological stimulation
      of the salivary glands.

PMID- 6812566
TI  - DL-a-Monofluoromethylputrescine is a potent irreversible inhibitor of Escherichia
      coli ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - DL-alpha-Monofluoromethylputrescine (compound R.M.I. 71864) is an enzyme
      activated irreversible inhibitor of the biosynthetic enzyme ornithine
      decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. This compound, however, has much less effect
      in vitro on ornithine decarboxylase obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These
      findings are in contrast with those previously found with the substrate analogue
      DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (compound R.M.I. 71782). The K1 of the DL-alpha
      monofluoromethylputrescine for the E. coli ornithine decarboxylase is 110 microM,
      and the half-life (t1/2) calculated for an infinite concentration of inhibitor is
      2.1 min. When DL-alpha-monofluoromethylputrescine is used in combination with DL
      alpha-difluoromethylarginine (R.M.I. 71897), an irreversible inhibitor of
      arginine decarboxylase, in vivo in E. coli, both decarboxylase activities are
      inhibited (greater than 95%) but putrescine levels are only decreased to about
      one-third of control values and spermidine levels are slightly increased.

PMID- 6812567
TI  - Localization of cyclo-oxygenase and thromboxane synthetase in human platelet
      intracellular membranes.
AB  - Platelet mixed membrane fractions can be separated into discrete vesicle
      subpopulations of surface and intracellular origin. Intracellular membrane
      vesicles are the predominant site of phospholipid-modifying enzymes that liberate
      arachidonic acid. We report the selective enrichment in intracellular membranes
      of cyclo-oxygenase and thromboxane synthetase activities. Surface membrane
      fractions show no such enrichment. These results suggest that a sequence of
      activities leading to the biosynthesis of thromboxane from arachidonate is
      associated with the intracellular membrane elements known as dense tubular
      membranes.

PMID- 6812569
TI  - Activation of beta-galactosidase by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Four monoclonal cell lines secreting antibodies that activate the beta
      galactosidase protein from lac-aba strains of Escherichia coli have been
      isolated. One of the antibodies, BG 79, inhibits the normal beta-galactosidase
      from E. coli in addition to its activation of the protein from mutants. Moreover,
      when in combination with any of the other activating antibodies, BG 79 exhibits
      synergistic activation of the beta-galactosidase protein, and the synergistically
      activated enzyme is stimulated by methanol, although most of the proteins
      activated by single antibodies are inhibited by methanol. The equilibrium of
      binding of BG 79 to the beta-galactosidase protein is not affected by the
      presence of a second antibody, and the half-time for activation by BG 79 is only
      slightly, though significantly, increased by preincubation of the protein with
      the second antibody. Our results imply that activation of beta-galactosidase
      proteins is not a simple correction of a conformational defect, and that many
      distinct active conformations are available to the enzyme.

PMID- 6812568
TI  - Metabolism of xenobiotic compounds by enzymes in cell extracts of the fungus
      Cunninghamella elegans.
AB  - Cell extracts of the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans contain epoxide
      hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3), glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) activities. Epoxide hydrolase activity was
      determined with p-nitrostyrene oxide as substrate and was shown to be associated
      with the 100 000 g pellet obtained from disrupted mycelia. Glutathione S
      transferase activity was demonstrated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and p
      nitrobenzyl chloride as substrates. The presence of two or more glutathione S
      transferase activities was indicated by different activity ratios for the two
      substrates in different extracts, and by distinct thermal denaturation curves.
      UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity with 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene as substrate
      was found only with the non-sedimentable fraction prepared from ruptured mycelia.

PMID- 6812570
TI  - Synthesis of Semliki-forest virus in polyamine-depleted baby-hamster kidney
      cells.
AB  - The role of polyamines in macromolecular synthesis has been studied using the
      synthesis of Semliki-Forest virus (SF virus) in normal and alpha
      difluoromethylornithine-treated baby-hamster kidney (BHK21) cells as a model
      system. The activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis, decreased
      rapidly in mock- and SF-virus-infected cells, indicating that virus production in
      BHK21 cells was not dependent on polyamines formed after infection. A prolonged
      treatment of BHK21 cells with alpha-difluoro-methylornithine, a specific
      inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, resulted in a marked inhibition of the initial
      rate of virus production, which appeared 72 h after the beginning of the
      treatment. This inhibition was reversed by putrescine, spermidine and spermine,
      and at last partially by several other diamines and polyamine homologues.
      Polyamine-depletion also markedly reduced viral RNA polymerase activity in SF
      virus infected cells. Addition of spermidine to the culture medium rapidly
      increased viral RNA polymerase activity in the inhibitor-treated cells but had no
      effect on the enzyme activity when added directly to the assay mixture. The
      results indicated that polyamines are needed for maximum initial rate of SF-virus
      replication and suggest that the inhibition of virus production in polyamine
      depleted cells is at least partly due to malfunction of the protein-synthetic
      machinery of the host cell.

PMID- 6812571
TI  - On the mechanism by which hormones induce the release of Ca2+ from mitochondria
      in the liver cell.
AB  - 1. The abilities of dinitrophenol, NaCl, Ruthenium Red and the Ca2+-selective
      ionophore A23187 to release 45 Ca2+ from isolated hepatocytes and liver
      mitochondria (incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 microM-free Ca2+,
      Mg2+, ATP and phosphate ions) were compared with the action of adrenaline on
      45Ca2+ release from isolated hepatocytes. The effects of adrenaline were most
      closely described by those of the ionophore A23187. 2. In isolated hepatocytes, a
      release of 45Ca2+ and stimulation of O2 utilization similar to that induced by
      adrenaline was observed in the presence of 500 and 20 microM-arachidonic acid
      respectively. The effect of arachidonic acid on 45Ca2+ release was not specific
      for this unsaturated fatty acid. 3. Inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism,
      including indomethacin and eicosa-5,811,14-tetraynoic acid, did not block the
      effects of adrenaline on 45Ca2+ or glucose release from isolated hepatocytes. 4.
      The ability of adrenaline to stimulate 45Ca2+ release from isolated hepatocytes
      was rapidly reversed after the subsequent addition of phenoxybenzamine to the
      cell suspension, and was completely blocked by 0.5 mM-dibucaine. 5. The results
      are consistent with the action of a Ca2+-selective ionophore in the mechanism by
      which adrenaline induces the release of Ca2+ from mitochondria in the liver cell
      and indicate that it is unlikely that arachidonic  acid or a metabolite of
      arachidonic acid is involved in this process.

PMID- 6812572
TI  - Kinetic properties of the Ca2+-accumulation system of a rat liver microsomal
      fraction.
AB  - 1. By using Ca-EGTA buffers, the Km for Ca2+ uptake into rat liver heavy
      microsomes (microsomal fraction) was found to be 0.2 microM free Ca2+. 2. In the
      absence of oxalate, these vesicles accumulate about 20 nmol of Ca2+/mg of
      protein. Efflux of Ca2+ from the vesicles is much faster at pH 7.6 than at pH
      6.8, but does not apparently show saturation kinetics or any stringent
      requirement for external ions. 3. The steady-state distribution of Ca2+ between
      the microsomes and the medium in the presence of ATP and the absence of oxalate
      is dependent on Ca2+ load. When the vesicles are loaded to 50% capacity, the
      external free Ca2+ concentration is 70 nM. 4. The affinity of heavy microsomes
      for Ca2+ is such that is seems likely that they has a dominant role in the
      determination of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentrations.

PMID- 6812573
TI  - Enhancement of ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cell lysate
      by aphidicolin in vivo.

PMID- 6812574
TI  - Nitrate reductase from Penicillium chrysogenum: kinetic mechanism at sub-optimum
      pH.

PMID- 6812575
TI  - Ecdysterone induction of actin synthesis and polymerization in a Drosophila
      melanogaster cultured cell line.

PMID- 6812576
TI  - Comparison of nucleoid and alkaline sucrose gradients in the analysis of
      inhibitors of DNA repair in human fibroblasts.

PMID- 6812578
TI  - Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of rat ovary proteins.

PMID- 6812579
TI  - The phospholipid dependence of UDP-glucuronyltransferase: conformation/reactivity
      studies with purified enzyme.

PMID- 6812577
TI  - Regulation of antagonist binding to cardiac muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 6812580
TI  - Structure of adenovirus nucleoprotein core studied by circular dichroism and
      selective radiochemical labeling.

PMID- 6812581
TI  - Peroxide induced activation of glycogen phosphorylase A activity in vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 6812582
TI  - Two-dimensional gel analysis of polypeptide appearance in forming thylakoid
      membranes.

PMID- 6812583
TI  - GTP-preferring protein phosphorylation systems in brain membranes: possible role
      in adenylate cyclase regulation.

PMID- 6812584
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in guinea pig megakaryocytes.

PMID- 6812585
TI  - The effects of sodium valproate on gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism and behaviour
      in naive and ethanolamine-O-sulphate pretreated rats and mice.
AB  - Sodium valproate was injected acutely (400 mg/kg i.p.) into naive and
      ethanoloamine-O-sulphate chronically pretreated rats and mice, in an attempt to
      gain further insight into the effects of this anticonvulsant on GABA metabolism.
      Sodium valproate significantly enhanced the activity of GAD in the medulla and
      pons, cerebellum and midbrain regions of rats, and partially relieved the
      suppression of GAD activity caused by chronic GABA-transaminase inhibition in
      whole mouse brain. In combination with EOS, sodium valproate caused behavioural
      excitation in mice which was similar to that sometimes seen with high doses of
      some GABA-T inhibitors. Pretreatment with EOS potentiated the characteristic
      abstinence behaviour caused by sodium valproate in rats, though no further
      significant rise in cerebral GABA levels was observed. In view of the neuronal
      location of GAD, the elevation of cerebral GABA levels at least in part by
      potentiation of GAD activity could be involved in the mediation of the
      anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate.

PMID- 6812586
TI  - On the substrate specificity of the digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside conjugating
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase in rat liver.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the specificity of the UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) involved in the conjugation of
      digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside. By in vitro assays with detergent activated liver
      microsomes it was found that (1) digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside is by far the
      best substrate of all cardenolides and cardenolide digitoxosides tested. (2) In
      the presence of saturating UDP-glucuronate concentrations an apparent Km of 5.8
      microM was obtained from linear Lineweaver-Burk plots together with a Vmax of
      about 150 pmoles/mg microsomal protein/min (3) Neither phenobarbital nor
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons caused a considerable induction of the enzyme
      without change of the apparent Km, but spironolactone did. (4) The conjugation of
      the substrate (4 microM) could only be inhibited by the 3'-epi-digitoxoside of
      digitoxigenin. (5) 25-50 microM substrate inhibited only the conjugation of the
      3'-epimer and that of digoxigenin monodigitoxoside. It is suggested that there is
      a form of glucuronyltransferase which specifically conjugates digitoxigenin
      monodigitoxoside.

PMID- 6812587
TI  - Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and vitamin C intake by
      guinea pig liver preparation in vitro.

PMID- 6812588
TI  - Differential effects of aging on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase induction by
      phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone.
AB  - The influence of aging on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase induction by
      phenobarbital (PB) or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) was investigated in male Fischer
      344 rats maintained in a constant environment. PB-induced increases in microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were similar
      in rats aged 3-5 months (young-adult) and 24-25 months (old), but increased in
      benzephetamine N-demethylase activity were markedly diminished in the old rats.
      Separation of hepatic microsomal proteins by sodium dodecylsulfate gel
      electrophoresis demonstrated that aging decreased the induction by PB of a
      polypeptide with a molecular weight of 52,500. BNF-induced increases in
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 and nitroanisole O-demethylase activity were greater
      in old than in young-adult rats, and BNF induction of 55,000 and 57,000 molecular
      weight microsomal polypeptides was increased slightly in livers from old rats.
      The results indicate that age-related effects on monooxygenase induction vary
      with different inducers of the hepatic microsomal enzyme system.

PMID- 6812589
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase metabolites in ovalbumin-sensitized and
      control lungs of guinea pigs.

PMID- 6812590
TI  - Purinergic vs peptidergic stimulation of lipolysis and prostaglandin generation
      in the perfused rabbit kidney.

PMID- 6812591
TI  - Evidence that concentrations of ouabain which induce positive inotropic effects
      on the perfused guinea-pig heart increase the amount of calcium in a rapidly
      exchangeable cellular compartment.

PMID- 6812592
TI  - Comparison of the brain levels of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and alpha, alpha, beta,
      beta-tetradeutero-N-N-dimethyltryptamine following intraperitoneal injection. The
      in vivo kinetic isotope effect.
AB  - A comparison of the brain levels (microgram/g wet weight of tissue) of the
      hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its deuterated analog alpha, alpha,
      beta, beta-tetradeutero-DMT (D4DMT) as a function of time and dose is reported.
      It was observed that the presence of deuterium in the alpha- and beta-positions
      of the ethylamine side-chain led to a potentiation of the level of DMT in brain.
      Strikingly different dynamics of uptake and clearance were also noted. We propose
      that these results are due to primary kinetic isotope effect, illustrating the
      importance of the alpha-position in the metabolism of DMT.

PMID- 6812593
TI  - Conjugation of 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-HMBA) with
      glutathione via a sulphate ester in hepatic cytosol.

PMID- 6812594
TI  - Effects of weak amplitude-modulated microwave fields on calcium efflux from awake
      cat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Calcium (45Ca2+) efflux was studied from preloaded cortex in cats immobilized
      under local anesthesia, and exposed to a 3.0-mW/cm2 450-MHz field, sinusoidally
      amplitude modulated at 16 Hz modulation depth 85%). Tissue dosimetry showed a
      field of 33 V/m in the interhemispheric fissure (rate of energy deposition 0.29
      W/kg). Field exposure lasted 60 min. By comparison with controls, efflux curves
      from field exposed brains were disrupted by waves of increased 45Ca2+ efflux.
      These waves were irregular in amplitude and duration, but many exhibited periods
      of 20-30 min. They continued into the postexposure period. Binomial probability
      analysis indicates that the field-exposed efflux curves constitute a different
      population from controls at a confidence level of 0.96. In about 70% of cases,
      initiation of field exposure was followed by increased end-tidal CO2 excretion
      for about 5 min. However, hypercapnea induced by hypoventilation did not elicit
      increased 45Ca2+ efflux. Thus this increase with exposure does not appear to
      arise as a secondary effect of raised cerebral CO2 levels. Radioactivity
      measurements in cortical samples after superfusion showed 45Ca2+ penetration at
      about 1.7 mm/hr, consistent with diffusion of the ion in free solution.

PMID- 6812596
TI  - Intraarticular gold salts in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6812595
TI  - Cold activation of complement.

PMID- 6812597
TI  - In vitro activity of modern penicillins and cephalosporins against enterococci.
AB  - The in vitro activity of nine penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics against
      enterococci was compared by MIC determination and killing curve experiments. To
      inhibit 90% of the 143 clinical isolates tested the following drug concentrations
      were required: mezlocillin, 1--2 micrograms/ml; azlocillin, 2 micrograms/ml;
      piperacillin, 4 micrograms/ml; cefazedone, 16 micrograms/ml; cefazolin and
      cefoperazone, 32 micrograms/ml; ticarcillin, 64 micrograms/ml. Cefotaxime and
      lamoxactam proved to be almost ineffective at 128 micrograms/ml which was the
      highest concentration tested. In killing curve experiments a reduction of viable
      cell count by 2--3 logs was achieved with all antibiotics except cefotaxime and
      lamoxactam. In general, the acylureido-penicillins exhibited a better
      bactericidal activity than the cephalosporins.

PMID- 6812598
TI  - Studies of nutrition intervention in pregnancy.

PMID- 6812599
TI  - [Human intestinal coccidiosis in Chile: infections by Isospora belli and by
      Sarcocystis hominis (Isospora hominis)].

PMID- 6812600
TI  - [Longitudinal study of the persistence of the therapeutic action of nifurtimox
      and benznidazole in patients with chronic chagas infection].

PMID- 6812602
TI  - [Etiopathogenetic aspects and therapeutic prospects in vaginitis].

PMID- 6812601
TI  - Immunoglobulin levels in breast cyst fluid: apparent connection with intracystic
      transcortin (CBG) binding activity.
AB  - Immunoglobulin levels of the major classes of IgG, IgA and IgM have been measured
      by radial immunodiffusion in 74 samples of breast cyst fluid (BCF) aspirated by
      women with "Gross Cystic Disease". Appreciable levels of Ig were found in all
      samples. No significant correlation was observed between intra-cystic Ig levels
      and the corresponding levels measured on coincidental blood specimens. A
      significant linear correlation was found between intra-cystic Ig levels and the
      apparent specific binding activity for cortisol attributable to a transcortin
      like component (n = 30; p less than 0.05 for IgA, p less than 0.0025 for IgG; p
      less than 0.05 for IgM).

PMID- 6812603
TI  - [Densitometric analysis of nitroglycerine in Nitrocor unguent].

PMID- 6812604
TI  - [Kinetic analysis of the growth of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in
      a hospital in the presence of various disinfectants].

PMID- 6812605
TI  - Clinical comparison of the Bain and Magill anaesthetic systems during spontaneous
      respiration.
AB  - The Bain and Magill anaesthetic breathing systems were compared for spontaneous
      breathing during nitrous oxide in oxygen and halothane anaesthesia. A mean fresh
      gas flow (VF) of 150 ml kg-1 min-1 (SD +/- 30, range 106-250) was required with
      the Bain system to prevent rebreathing sufficient to cause respiratory
      stimulation; mean fresh gas flow/expired minute volume (VF/VE) was 1.49 (SD +/-
      0.32, range 0.86-2.17). Equivalent figures for the Magill attachment were a mean
      VF of 82 ml kg-1 min-1 (SD +/- 19, range 43-125), while mean VF/VE was 0.76, (SD
      +/- 0.19, range 0.38-1.23, P less than 0.001). The results attest the efficiency
      of the Magill attachment in terms of gas economics, and indicate the very high
      flows required to avoid respiratory stimulation in some subjects when the Bain
      system is used.

PMID- 6812606
TI  - Plasma fentanyl concentrations and the occurrence of respiratory depression in
      volunteers.

PMID- 6812607
TI  - Nutritional support of patients with gastrointestinal disease.

PMID- 6812608
TI  - Intra-dose variation in plasma protein binding of sodium valproate in epileptic
      patients.
AB  - 1 The fluctuations in protein binding of sodium valproate during one dosing
      interval were studied in five patients stabilized on valproate and taking
      concurrent anticonvulsant therapy. 2 The patients took their usual morning dose
      of valproate (400-800 mg) and serial blood samples were collected by venepuncture
      at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h post-dose. 3 Free valproate was separated from protein
      bound drug by plasma ultrafiltration and the ultrafiltrate and total plasma
      valproate concentrations were measured by a gas chromatographic method. 4 The
      maximum and minimum concentrations in the ultrafiltrates occurred at the same
      times as in the plasma. However, the percentage fluctuation was always greater in
      the ultrafiltrates (range 192-412%) compared with the plasma (range 153-374%) due
      to the concentration-dependent nature of valproate protein binding. 5 If free
      valproate levels are to be monitored, knowledge of sampling time and dosage
      history is important for interpretation of the results.

PMID- 6812609
TI  - Interpretation of CO2 exhalation rate data from demethylation of aminopyrine and
      its metabolite monomethylaminoantipyrine.
AB  - 1 Aminopyrine breath tests make use of the commercially available (N-dimethyl
      [14C])-aminopyrine. A pharmacokinetic model has been proposed to relate 14CO2
      exhalation rates (CER) to the demethylation of ([14C]-methyl)-aminopyrine (AP)
      and -monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAP). 2 computer simulations based on the model
      show that the shape of the CER-time profile is largely dependent on the ratio of
      the MAP to AP elimination rate constants. If this ratio equals 0.5 then the CERs
      decline in the monoexponential fashion. Ratios less than 0.5 result in concave
      biexponential curves whereas ratios greater than 0.5 result in convex curves.
      When demethylation is not complete for both compounds the transfer from
      biexponential to monoexponential behaviour will only occur at ratios greater than
      0.5. 3 The resolution of concave biexponential CER-time profiles to give accurate
      estimates of AP and MAP elimination rate constants can only be achieved when the
      length of the experiment is adequate. The commonly employed 2 microCi tracer dose
      of aminopyrine is insufficient to monitor CER over the necessary time period to
      detect the proposed biexponential decline.

PMID- 6812611
TI  - Stereological methods for quantifying cell surface specializations in epithelia,
      including a concept for counting desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.
AB  - We present stereological procedures for morphometric evaluation of intercellular
      junctions appearing in ultrathin sections of epithelia. A model representing
      desmosomes and hemidesmosomes as flat, circular discs differentiated within the
      plasma membrane of epithelial cells forms a basis for estimating number per unit
      volume of tissue or per unit area of cell surface. Methods for estimating
      relative surfaces are also provided. Consideration is given to problems of tissue
      sampling, varying feature size and finite section thickness. The procedures are
      improvements over earlier estimates of number per unit area of section or per
      unit length of membrane. Worked examples of calculations are included and methods
      are illustrated further by reference to quantitative studies of hamster cheek
      pouch epithelium during experimental carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6812610
TI  - The effect of prolonged treatment with sulphinpyrazone on thromboxane A2 and
      prostacyclin in man.
AB  - We studied the effect of 3 weeks' treatment with 4 x 200 mg of sulphinpyrazone
      daily (six healthy volunteers) on proaggregatory thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and
      antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2). Platelet TxA2 production was evaluated by
      measuring its stable metabolite, immunoreactive thromboxane B2, from serum, and
      vessel wall PGI2 production by measuring its stable metabolite, immunoreactive 6
      keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in plasma. The TxA2 production (initially 209.0 +/-
      27.1 ng/ml, mean +/- s.e. mean) decreased to about 30% from the second day of the
      treatment onwards, and it recovered in three days after the discontinuation of
      the treatment. PGI2 (initially 33.6 +/- 3.6 pg/ml) did not change. The shift of
      the balance between TxA2 and PGI2 to the dominance of antiaggregatory PGI2 during
      sulphinpyrazone treatment may be involved with the efficacy of the drug in the
      secondary prevention of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6812612
TI  - Combined topical use of difluoromethyl ornithine and methylglyoxal bis
      (guanylhydrazone) in UV-irradiated mouse skin.

PMID- 6812613
TI  - Response to infusions of polyelectrolyte fractionated human factor VIII
      concentrate in human haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - Factor VIII was purified from cryoprecipitate by ion exchange chromatography on
      solid phase polyelectrolyte E-5 (PE-E5). The product was highly purified (3.5 u
      VIII:C/mg protein) compared to conventional concentrate (0.3 u VIII:C/mg protein)
      with low fibrinogen, low isoagglutinin titre, and a ratio of factor VIII
      coagulant activity (VIII:C) to factor VII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) of 16:1.
      Trial infusions of this material (PE VIII) were given to three patients with
      severe haemophilia A and one patient with homozygous von Willebrand's disease.
      These patients also each received separate infusions of intermediate purity
      concentrate (IPC) for comparison. There were no adverse effects. The mean half
      life of VIII:C after PE VIII infusion in the haemophiliacs was 10.9 h and after
      IPC was 12.1 h, a statistically insignificant difference. The survival of factor
      VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) was similar to that of VIII:C. In contrast, the
      half life of VIII:C and of VIII:CAg was very short after infusion of PE VIII in
      the patient wih von Willebrand's disease (2.4 h). IPC when infused in this
      patient produced a typical secondary rise of VIII:C. Two bleeding episodes in
      severe haemophiliacs were satisfactorily treated with PE VIII. PE-E5 deserves
      further study as a means of preparing clinical concentrates of factor VIII.

PMID- 6812614
TI  - A comparative study of carrier detection in haemophilia A by linear discriminant
      function.
AB  - Blood samples collected from 37 definite carriers, 31 normal women and 64
      possible carriers were examined for factor VIII-related activities. Five
      variables: factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) (X1), factor VIII-related
      antigen (VIIIR:Ag) (X2), ristocetin co-factor (VIIIR:RC) (X3), ratio of VIIIR:Ag
      to VIII:C (A/C) (X4) and ratio of VIII:RC to VIII:C (R/C) (X5), and 28
      combinations of one to five variables were used to derive 28 linear discriminant
      functions. The calculation of discriminant function coefficient, individual
      discriminant score and cut-off point, and the identification of normals or
      carriers were processed by the computer package of a biomedical computer program
      used at University of California at Los Angeles. A comparison of 28 linear
      discriminant functions for carrier detection in haemophilia A has indicated that
      the best and simplest is y = 0.11668X1 (VIII:C)--0.06042X2 (VIIIR:Ag), (cut-off
      point y = 2.03742). It identified 94.6% of carriers without a single
      misclassification in the normal group, and the overall identification rate was
      97.1%. Of 29 daughters of definite carriers who had no haemophilic sons, 13, or
      44.8%, could be identified as carriers. It was found that VIII:RC was not as good
      as VIIIR:Ag for carrier detection; however, it may be concluded from this study
      that VIIIR:RC can be used as a supplement, if not a substitute, for VIII:Ag in
      the carrier detection of haemophilia A.

PMID- 6812617
TI  - Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a precipitating agent for active VIII and fibrinogen.

PMID- 6812615
TI  - Heterogeneity of haemophilia A: a study with three different antisera.
AB  - One human and one rabbit antibody against VIII:C--in a fluid-phase, inhibitor
      neutralization assay (INA)--and one human antibody--in a solid-phase,
      immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)--were used to investigate a group of 59 patients
      with severe, moderate and mild haemophilia A. Patients were classified as
      haemophilia A+ when the VIII:C/VIIIAG ratio was less than 0.4 while the absolute
      VIII:C antigen (VIIICAG) value exceeded 0.25 u/ml. Three haemophiliacs (from two
      pedigrees) were classified as A+ in all three assay systems. 50% of the patients
      were classified as haemophilia A+ on the basis of at least one assay. The other
      50%, including 66% of the patients with severe haemophilia, were shown to be A-
      by all three assay systems. Combining the data obtained with the three different
      antibodies four different categories could be distinguished, in addition to the
      classification based on severity.

PMID- 6812616
TI  - Quantitation of coagulant antigens and inhibition of activated protein C in
      combined factor V VIII deficiency.
AB  - Inhibition of activated human protein C was assessed in an amidolytic assay
      system using normal human plasma and samples from patients with hereditary
      coagulation abnormalities. In eight experiments normal plasma inhibited 63.5% (+/
      15.6%) protein C activity. Plasma from patients with haemophilia A or isolated
      factor V deficiency gave results which were not significantly different from
      normal. However, plasma from patients with combined factor V and factor VIII
      deficiencies inhibited an average of 24.5% (+/- 13.6%) of the amidolytic activity
      (P less than 0.01). Two of these plasma samples failed to inhibit any protein C
      activity. The relationship between the level of inhibitor and those of factor V
      and factor VII coagulant antigens (VCAg and VIIICAg) in the combined defect was
      investigated. There was no significant correlation between the level of inhibitor
      and any of the coagulation immunoassays on these stored samples but there was
      significant correlation between VCAg and VIIICAg in some assay systems. The
      levels of VCAg and VII CAg was low in most samples from patients with the
      combined defect which was in contrast to the results obtained when normal plasma
      was incubated with activated protein C in vitro. The findings are consistent with
      the presence of biochemical similarities between factors V and VIIIC molecules,
      but the role of activated protein C and its inhibitor in hereditary combined
      factor V/VIII deficiency remains to be firmly established.

PMID- 6812618
TI  - The value of ultrasound for monitoring ovarian responses to gonadotropin
      stimulant therapy.
AB  - Ultrasonic measurement of ovarian follicles was used in conjunction with
      conventional measurement of urinary oestrogen output to monitor responses in
      infertile women receiving gonadotrophin stimulant therapy. In the 21 women who
      conceived during the first 15 months, in which this combined monitoring was used,
      ultrasound proved superior to oestrogen measurement alone for assessing
      follicular maturity and hence deciding when to administer the ovulating dose fo
      chorionic gonadotrophin. The use of ultrasound imaging improves efficiency of
      treatment with gonadotrophin stimulant therapy, but is not predictive of multiple
      pregnancy or of hyperstimulation.

PMID- 6812619
TI  - Immunoassay of tear lysozyme in conjunctival diseases.
AB  - The tear lysozyme content in 111 normal subjects and in 159 patients with various
      conjunctival diseases was determined by a single radial immunodiffusion
      technique. Tear lysozyme level in normal people was 1.33/mg/ml. (SI conversion:
      mg/ml = g/l.) The mean tear lysozyme levels in patients with chronic irritative
      conjunctivitis (0.97 mg/ml) and nutritional deficiency with epithelial xerosis
      (0.76 mg/ml) were significantly lower than in the normal controls. The mean tear
      lysozyme levels in tears from patients with vernal conjuctivitis (1.20 mg/ml),
      phlyctenular conjunctivitis (1.10 mg/ml), and acute bacterial conjunctivitis
      (1.48 mg/ml) were not significantly different from those in the normal controls.
      Superimposition of acute bacterial conjunctivitis on trachoma did not alter the
      low tear lysozyme level that existed before in these patients.

PMID- 6812620
TI  - Rate-determining folding and association reactions on the reconstitution pathway
      of porcine skeletal muscle lactic dehydrogenase after denaturation by guanidine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Reactivation of tetrameric porcine skeletal muscle lactic dehydrogenase after
      dissociation and extensive unfolding of the monomers by 6 M guanidine
      hydrochloride (Gdn . HCl) is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics, indicating a
      complex mechanism involving rate-limiting folding and association steps. For
      analysis of the association reactions, chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde
      may be used [Hermann, R., Jaenicke, R., & Rudolph, R. (1981) Biochemistry 20,
      2195-2201]. The data clearly show that the formation of a dimeric intermediate is
      determined by a first-order folding reaction of the monomers with k1 = (8.0 +/-
      0.1) x 10(-4) s-1. The rate constant of the association of dimers to tetramers
      which represents the second rate-limiting step on the pathway of reconstitution
      after guanidine denaturation, was then determined by reactivation and cross
      linking experiments after dissociation in 0.1 M H3PO4 containing 1 M Na2SO4. The
      rate constant for the dimer association (which is the only rate-limiting step
      after acid dissociation) was k2 = (3.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(4) M-1 s-1. On the basis of
      the given two rate constants, the complete reassociation pattern of porcine
      lactic dehydrogenase after dissociation and denaturation in 6 M Gdn . HCl can be
      described by the kinetic model (formula: see text).

PMID- 6812621
TI  - Effects of ascorbate on insoluble elastin accumulation and cross-link formation
      in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cultures.
AB  - Cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells derived from the medial vessel
      layer of weanling rabbits were grown in the presence or absence of sodium
      ascorbate. The connective tissue elements insoluble elastin and collagen were
      identified and quantified. Formation and accumulation of alpha-aminoadipic acid
      gamma-semialdehyde (allysine) and the intermolecular cross-links desmosine (Des),
      isodesmosine (Ides), and aldol condensation product (Aldol) were evaluated from
      [14C]lysine pulse-chase experiments. [14C]Des, [14C]Ides, peptide-bound
      [14C]lysine, [14C]allysine, and [14C]Aldol were determined from amino acid
      analysis. The latter two components were determined after reduction with NaBH4.
      [14C]Proline conversion to hydroxy[14C]proline and collagenase susceptibility
      were used to identify and quantify collagen synthesis. Ascorbate dramatically
      affects insoluble elastin synthesis, accumulation, and cross-link formation.
      Cells grown in the presence of ascorbate synthesize and accumulate significantly
      less insoluble elastin than non-ascorbate cultures. Those elastin molecules which
      do become incorporated into the extracellular matrix in the presence of ascorbate
      contain a slightly elevated content of hydroxyproline and lysine and, most
      importantly, are turned over more rapidly.

PMID- 6812622
TI  - Evidence for the regulation of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
      multienzyme complex by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism.
AB  - The regulation of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex by
      covalent modification was investigated in rat liver mitochondria. Depletion of
      intramitochondrial calcium and magnesium caused an inactivation of the branched
      chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Following inactivation of the
      branched chain complex, addition of calcium or magnesium ions separately to
      incubations of mitochondria only partially reactivated the enzyme complex.
      However, simultaneous addition of calcium and magnesium activated the branched
      chain enzyme complex rapidly and nearly completely. Mitochondrial incubations
      were performed in the presence of [32P]phosphate under conditions known to
      activate or to inactivate the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
      complex. Evidence demonstrating that [32P]-phosphate was incorporated into two
      major protein bands separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of
      the mitochondrial incubations is presented. Migration of the labeled
      mitochondrial protein bands in the gel system corresponded exactly to the
      migration of the alpha subunit of the purified heart-derived pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (decarboxylase, E1) and the alpha subunit of the purified kidney
      derived branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (decarboxylase, E1).
      Furthermore, when the measured activity of the branched chain complex was
      minimized, the amount of [32P]phosphate incorporated into the alpha chain of the
      branched chain enzyme was maximal. Conversely, incubation conditions which
      activated maximally the enzyme complex minimized the [32P]phosphate incorporation
      into the alpha subunit of the branched chain dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6812623
TI  - Metabolism of L-[sulfane-34S]thiocystine by Escherichia coli.
AB  - The metabolism of L-thiocystine [bis(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl) trisulfide] by
      Escherichia coli was studied by using L-[sulfane-35S]thiocystine. This compound
      was found to serve as a source of sulfur for E. coli grown on a defined medium
      free of other sulfur sources and to incorporate its labeled sulfur into cysteine
      as well as the other sulfur-containing cellular components. For determination of
      the extent of the synthesis of new cysteine in these cells, cells were grown with
      [3,3-2H2]serine and L-[sulfane-34S]thiocystine, and the extent of incorporation
      of both deuterium and 34S into the cellular cysteine was measured by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that approximately 50% of the
      cysteine which is incorporated into cellular macromolecules is derived from the
      thiocystine without cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond, the remaining portion
      being newly biosynthesized from serine and 34S-enriched H2S. These results
      suggest that the first step in the metabolism of thiocystine by E. coli involves
      the beta elimination of pyruvate. This type of reaction is characteristic of the
      cleavage reactions catalyzed by beta-cystathionase.

PMID- 6812624
TI  - A novel reaction of the coenzyme of glutamate decarboxylase with L-serine O
      sulfate.

PMID- 6812625
TI  - Chemistry of the inactivation of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase by serine O
      sulfate.
AB  - The reaction of serine O-sulfate with cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase [John,
      R.A., & Fasella, P. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 4477] has been reinvestigated. As in
      the corresponding reaction with beta-chloroalanine [Morino, Y., Osman, A.M., &
      Okamoto, M. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6684], the enzyme is inactivated over a 10
      min period, and the absorption maximum at pH 5.4 shifts from 430 to 336 nm. Upon
      prolonged standing the peak shifts again over a period of 20 h to 455 nm, a
      behavior entirely similar to that reported by Morino et al. for beta
      chloroalanine in the presence of 3 M formate. When the pH of either the 10-min
      product (1a) or the 20-h product (1b) is raised to 11 or above, a yellow,
      diffusible compound (2) is released from the protein. This compound as well as
      its dephosphorylation and reduction products has been isolated and studied by NMR
      spectroscopy. Compound 2 is identical with a compound formed from serine sulfate
      and glutamate decarboxylase by a similar reaction sequence [Likos, J.J., Ueno,
      H., Feldhaus, R.W., & Metzler, D.E. (1982) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this
      issue)] and is the product of an aldol condensation of pyruvate with pyridoxal
      phosphate. When the 20-h product 1b is reduced with sodium borohydride and then
      heated in a boiling water bath, a material identical with the reduction product
      of 2 is released. We propose that the 20-h product 1b consists of 2 bound to the
      enzyme. Pathways for the formation of the various compounds are proposed. These
      findings require a reevaluation of the mechanisms of action of many enzyme
      activated inhibitors of pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes.

PMID- 6812626
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of Klebsiella aerogenes citrate lyase by p-azidobenzoyl
      coenzyme A.
AB  - p-Azidobenzoyl coenzyme A functions as a linear competitive inhibitor for (3S)
      citryl-CoA in the citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase reaction catalyzed by the
      Klebsiella aerogenes deacetylcitrate lyase complex (Ki = 80 microM; (3S)-citryl
      CoA Km = 67 microM). Inactivation is irreversible on photolysis of p-azidobenzoyl
      CoA in the presence of the deacetylcitrate lyase complex. Mg2+ is not required
      for the inactivation. Inactivation is blocked by (3S)-citryl-CoA in the presence
      of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. p-Azidobenzoyl-CoA has no effect on the
      acetyl-CoA:citrate CoA transferase activity of both the deacetylcitrate lyase
      complex and its isolated transferase subunit. The stoichiometry of the CoA ester
      binding has been investigated by the use of p-azido[14C]benzoyl-CoA as a
      photoaffinity reagent. The labeling is exclusively on the lyase beta subunit of
      the citrate lyase complex.

PMID- 6812627
TI  - Membrane potential in a potassium transport-negative mutant of Escherichia coli K
      12. The distribution of rubidium in the presence of valinomycin indicates a
      higher potential than that of the tetraphenylphosphonium cation.
AB  - The membrane potential across the cytoplasmic membrane of EDTA-treated cells of a
      K+ transport-negative mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 was estimated from the
      equilibrium distribution of different lipid-soluble cations. With glucose as a
      substrate and at low K+ out, the membrane potential calculated from the
      distribution ratio of 86Rb+ in the presence of valinomycin (delta psi rb+) was
      considerably higher than that indicated by the [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium cation
      (delta psi TPP+). The lipid-soluble anion phenyldicarbaundecaborane (PCB-)
      increased delta psi TPP+ close to delta psi Rb+. To investigate whether these
      results were due to different binding of the cations to cellular components,
      residual Rb+ and TPP+ uptake was measured in cells permeabilized with 5% n
      butanol (by volume). In those cells the distribution ratios or Rb+, K+ and Na+
      approached a value of 4, indicating that the uptake of all three ions was driven
      by a residual negative surface potential or transmembrane Donnan potential
      (internally negative). The distribution ratio of TPP+ was 3--4-times higher than
      that of other cations and up to 10 mM TPP+ out was almost independent of the
      added TPP+ concentration. This extra uptake presumably represents binding of TPP+
      to the cellular membranes. Thus, at pH 7.5, delta psi Rb+ was about 180--200 mV,
      whereas after correction for binding delta psi TPP+ was 110--150 and 150--170 mV
      in the absence and presence of PCB-, respectively. It is proposed that TPP+
      indicates too low a potential, because by its strong binding it decreases the
      negative surface potential of the cytoplasmic membrane, and thereby inhibits its
      own further uptake. This is taken to mean that TPP+ distribution can be used as a
      qualitative probe only for the bacterial membrane potential.

PMID- 6812628
TI  - Bicarbonate/chloride transport kinetics at 37 degree C and its relationship to
      membrane lipids in mammalian erythrocytes.

PMID- 6812629
TI  - Amiloride stimulation of sodium transport in the presence of calcium and a
      divalent cation chelator.
AB  - Amiloride in nM to microM concentrations stimulates the short circuit current
      (Isc) of the toad urinary bladder by as much as 120% when applied in conjunction
      with apical Ca2+ and a divalent cation chelator. A significant decrease in
      transepithelial resistance (Rt) is observed simultaneously. This response is
      spontaneously reversible and its amplitude is dependent upon apical sodium
      concentrations. The stimulated Isc persisted when acetazolamide (1 mM) was
      introduced, HPO2-4 substituted for HCO-3 or SO2-4 replaced Cl-. Consequently, the
      increase in Isc is not due to the change of Cl-, H+ or HCO-3 flux. This behavior
      in a 'tight' epithelium may be related to the mechanism controlling apical sodium
      permeability.

PMID- 6812630
TI  - Solubilization and reconstitution of membranes containing the Na+ -Ca2+ exchange
      carrier from rat brain.
AB  - The Na+ -Ca2+ exchange carrier from brain plasmalemma was solubilized in cholate
      and reconstituted into asolectin vesicles by the cholate dilution method. Optimal
      solubilization and reconstitution required the presence of high NaCl (greater
      than or equal to 1.3 M). The reconstituted vesicles rapidly accumulated 45Ca2+ in
      the presence of an outward directed Na+ gradient. Other monovalent ion gradients
      (K+, Li+ or cholate+) did not drive transport. Further, Mg2+ X ATP did not drive
      Ca2+ uptake in the reconstituted vesicles. Uptake was temperature dependent with
      highest uptake occurring at 37 degrees C. Intravesicular Ca2+ accumulated by the
      Na+ -dependent process could be released by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or by
      extravesicular Na+ but not by external EGTA. Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by
      extravesicular Li+ or Na+. The Ki for Na+ inhibition was 35 mM for both the
      original membrane vesicles from brain plasmalemma and for the reconstituted
      vesicles. Ca2+ uptake was saturable with respect to extravesicular Ca2+ (Km(Ca2+)
      = 27 microM).

PMID- 6812631
TI  - Developmental pattern of cystine transport in isolated rat renal tubules.
AB  - Isolated renal cortical tubule fragments from rats ranging in age from less than
      48 h to 15 weeks were used to examine the pattern of cystine uptake with
      development. Immature tubules took up cystine with a faster initial rate than
      mature tubules and did not reach a steady state by 60 min. By eight weeks of age,
      the timed uptake of cystine began to approach a steady state and between 8 and 11
      weeks the uptake pattern achieved its adult form of reaching a steady state by 30
      min of incubation. Analysis of the intracellular metabolism of the cystine taken
      up by the newborn tubules revealed that the majority had been reduced to cysteine
      with the formation of small amounts of reduced glutathione. Cystine entered the
      renal cortical tubule cell from the newborn via two saturable transport systems
      similar to the mature animal. The kinetic parameters of initial uptake of these
      two transport systems were similar in the mature and newborn animal except for a
      higher maximum transport velocity for the low Km, low capacity system in the
      newborn. Lysine inhibited cystine uptake by newborn tubules and this inhibition
      appeared to occur on the low Km, low capacity transport system similar to the
      adult. Cystine uptake was sodium dependent with an apparent affinity for sodium
      of 36 mequiv./l. From this data, the physiologic cystinuria of the immature
      animal does not appear to be refeable to a lower rate of influx as previously
      observed with the cortical slice. Other mechanisms should be sought to explain
      this phenomenon of immaturity.

PMID- 6812632
TI  - Effects of divalent metal ions on the calcium pump and membrane phosphorylation
      in human red cells.
AB  - In inside-out red cell membrane vesicles ATP-dependent calcium transport is
      activated by the divalent metal ions Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Fe2+. This
      activation is based on the formation of Me2+ -ATP complexes which can serve as
      energy-donor substrates for the calcium pump, and probably, satisfy the
      requirement for free Me2+ in this transport process. Higher Me2+ concentrations
      inhibit calcium transport with various efficiencies. Mn2+ directly competes with
      Ca2+ at the transport site, while other divalent metal ions investigated have no
      such effect. The formation of the hydroxylamine-sensitive phosphorylated
      intermediate (EP) of the red cell membrane calcium pump from [gamma-32P]ATP is
      induced by Ca2+ while rapid dephosphorylation requires the presence of Mg2+. At
      higher concentrations Mn2+ and Ni2+ inhibit predominantly the formation of EP,
      while Co2+ and Fe2+ block dephosphorylation. The possible sites and nature of the
      divalent metal interactions with the red cell calcium pump are discussed.
      Hydroxylamine-insensitive membrane phosphorylation in inside-out vesicles from
      [gamma-32P]ATP is significantly stimulated by Mn2+ and Co2+, as compared to that
      produced by Mg2+, Fe2+ and Ni2+. Part of this labelling is found in
      phospholipids, especially in phosphatidylinositol. The results presented for the
      metal dependency of protein and lipid phosphorylation in red cell membranes may
      help in the characterization of ATP consumptions directly related to the calcium
      pump and those involved in various regulatory processes.

PMID- 6812634
TI  - Thermotropic 'two-stage' liquid crystalline equilibrium crystalline lipid phase
      separation in microsomal membranes.
AB  - The effect of temperature on native microsomal membrane vesicles isolated from
      Tetrahymena is investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction. A 4.2 reflection,
      typical for lipids in the crystalline state, can be recorded in the temperature
      range between 0 degree C and 35 degrees C. Quantitative evaluation of this
      reflection reveals a broad thermotropic 'two-stage' liquid crystalline
      equilibrium crystalline lipid phase separation with a 'breakpoint' at approx. 18
      degrees C. This 'breakpoint' coincides with the emergency of lipid-protein
      segregations in endomembranes of intact Tetrahymena cells as previously
      visualized by freeze-etch electron microscopy.

PMID- 6812633
TI  - Osmotic permeabilities across corneal endothelium and antidiuretic hormone
      stimulated toad urinary bladder structures.
AB  - Osmotic permeabilities of several epithelial structures have been determined with
      novel optical procedures based on specular microscopy. The osmotic permeabilities
      of several tissue layers were determined by continuously monitoring the position
      of the apical tissue borders while an osmotic flow was imposed across those
      layers. The values found were (in micrometer/s; mean +/- SE): corneal epithelium,
      137 +/- 30 (n = 5): antidiuretic hormone stimulated toad bladder, 429 +/- 64 (n =
      6); and corneal endothelium, 711 +/- 34 (n = 7). In addition, the osmotically
      induced transient change in thickness of the corneal endothelial cells was
      determined with the help of a computer, and the apparent osmotic permeability
      measured for the apical membrane was 1420 +/- 160 micrometer/s (n = 5). It is
      concluded that the osmotic permeability across the endothelial layer is sizably
      larger than had been previously detected and that osmotic flows across such layer
      largely traverse the cellular membranes. With osmotic permeability values (per
      unit of cell membrane area) as large as presently reported, isotonic fluid
      transport by epithelia can be explained simply on the basis of local osmotic
      gradients.

PMID- 6812635
TI  - Affinity labeling of purified ornithine decarboxylase by alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) purified from
      rat liver was affinity-labeled by alpha-[5-14C]difluoromethylornithine. On
      analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the radioactivity migrated as
      a single major peak that coincided with a single protein band of Mr 50,000.
      Calculation from bound radioactivity indicated that ornithine decarboxylase has
      two active sites, one for each subunit, and that pure enzyme should have a
      specific activity of about 1.4 x 10(6) nmol CO2/h per mg protein.

PMID- 6812636
TI  - Two genetically distinct molecular species of octopus muscle collagen.
AB  - The arm muscular tissue of an octopus, Octopus vulgaris, was subjected to limited
      proteolysis with pepsin and the solubilized tissue collagen was separated into
      two fractions by selective salt precipitation. Biochemical characterization of
      the major collagen fraction precipitating at 0.45 M NaCl (pH 2.6) has
      demonstrated that it comprises almost a single type of molecular species with
      structure (alpha 1)2 alpha 2, which was identified by its CNBr-peptide pattern as
      being similar to Type I-like collagen of octopus skin. On the other hand, the
      minor collagen fraction precipitating at 0.90 M NaCl (pH 2.6) was found to
      contain a unique gamma-chain-sized component cross-linked by disulfide bonds.
      Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration of the reduced gamma component revealed the
      presence of an alpha component, which is virtually identical in amino acid
      composition to the original gamma protein and bears a close resemblance to known
      basement membrane collagens. This unique alpha component was genetically distinct
      from alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of the major muscle collagen as judged by their
      CNBr-peptide patterns.

PMID- 6812637
TI  - Characterization of a glycosphingolipid beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase
      activity in cultured hamster (nil) cells.
AB  - The activity of a glycosphingolipid N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc
      transferase) in cultured hamster fibroblasts (NIL-8) was characterized with
      respect to substrate binding, acceptor specificity, pH optimum and detergent
      requirements. Of the glycosphingolipid acceptors tested, transferase activity was
      observed only with globotriaosylceramide. The apparent Km values for
      uridinediphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine and globotriasylceramide were 0.14 and
      0.42 mM, respectively. The enzyme required Mn2+ for maximum activity (4 mM), and
      Mg2+ was not able to replace Mn2+. Of the detergents tested, sodium
      taurodeoxycholate gave the greatest activation of the enzyme at 1 mg/ml. A broad
      pH optimum (4.5-8.0) was obtained, with maximum activity at pH 6.0 in 2-(N
      morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid. Globotetraosylceramide and II3-alpha-N
      acetylneuraminyl-lactosylceramide inhibited transferase activity with
      globotriaosylceramide as substrate, but lactosylceramide had no effect on the
      activity with this acceptor. The major product of the assay was shown to be a
      tetraglycosylceramide with a terminal beta-N-acetylgalactosamine moiety by co
      migration with authentic globotetraosylceramide on TLC plates and by cleavage of
      the labeled N-acetylgalactosamine from the product by jack bean beta
      hexosaminidase.

PMID- 6812638
TI  - Morphogenesis of the lamellar body in fetal lung tissue in vitro.

PMID- 6812639
TI  - Studies on the regulation of arachidonic acid synthesis in isolated rat liver
      cells.
AB  - Isolated liver cells from rats fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids were
      used to study the oxidation, esterification and, especially, the desaturation and
      chain elongation of [1-14C]linoleic acid. 14C-labelled arachidonic acid (20:4)
      and smaller amounts of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were recovered mainly in the
      phospholipids, while gamma-linolenic acid (18:3) was found in both the
      phospholipids and the triacylglycerol fraction. Lactate strongly increased the
      formation of arachidonic acid, which was found mainly in the phosphatidylcholine
      and the phosphatidylinositol fractions. Lactate reduced the amounts of gamma
      linolenic acid. Glucagon and (+)-decanoylcarnitine reduced the formation of
      arachidonic acid, and (+)-decanoylcarnitine increased the incorporation of gamma
      linolenic acid especially, in the triacylglycerol fraction. Increasing
      concentrations of the [1-14C]linoleic acid substrate increased the formation of
      arachidonic acid and of the other chain-elongated or desaturated fatty acids.
      Lactate also stimulated the formation of arachidonic acid in liver cells from
      animals fed adequate amounts of essential fatty acids. It is suggested that
      dietary and hormonal factors which can change the intracellular levels of malonyl
      CoA may influence both the ratio of arachidonic acid/gamma-linolenic acid formed
      and the total amounts of desaturated and chain-elongated fatty acids formed from
      linoleic acid.

PMID- 6812640
TI  - Effects of threonine-poor apolipoproteins on post-heparin plasma hepatic
      triacylglycerol lipase and lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Whole-irradiated rabbit pre-heparin plasma had an important inhibitory effect on
      hepatic triacylglycerol lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities, whereas control
      rabbit pre-heparin plasma slightly inhibited hepatic triacylglycerol lipase
      activity at a high concentration and enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity. As
      some apolipoproteins were known to modulate these two lipolytic enzymes, the
      inhibitory effects of irradiated rabbit plasma were investigated in
      apolipoproteins. Three apolipoproteins, with isoelectric points of about 6.58,
      6.44 and 6.12, characterized by their low content in threonine (threonine-poor
      apolipoproteins) were produced in high concentrations in rabbit VLDL and HDL
      after irradiation. The effects of these apolipoproteins on control rabbit post
      heparin plasma hepatic triacylglycerol lipase and extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase
      were studied. Threonine-poor apolipoproteins substantially inhibited the hepatic
      triacylglycerol lipase activity and enhanced the apolipoprotein C-II-stimulated
      activity of lipoprotein lipase. The amounts of these apolipoproteins in
      triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particles may determine the lipolytic activity
      of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase in triacylglycerol
      hydrolysis. The existence of another inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase remains to
      be determined.

PMID- 6812641
TI  - Disturbance of pulmonary prostaglandin metabolism in fetuses of alloxan-diabetic
      rabbits.
AB  - [14C]Arachidonic acid conversion in lung homogenates of 28-day fetuses from
      control and alloxan-diabetic rabbits was studied. The major metabolites were 12-L
      hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandin E2. Small amounts of 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 were also
      observed. Lung homogenates from fetuses of alloxan-diabetic rabbits convert
      significantly less [14C]arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2, whereas all other
      metabolites were present in similar quantities compared to fetuses of non
      diabetic rabbits. These studies suggest that the decreased arachidonic acid
      conversion to prostaglandin E2 could be partially responsible for the functional
      delay of lung maturation in offspring of alloxan-diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 6812642
TI  - Radioimmunologic identification of prostaglandins produced by serum-stimulated
      mouse embryo palate mesenchyme cells.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay were used to identify
      the prostaglandins synthesized by mouse embryo palate mesenchyme cells. Serum
      stimulated the release of several different metabolites of arachidonic acid
      including 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable product of prostacyclin,
      prostaglandin I2), prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha. Compared to
      control cells, the serum-stimulated cells produce elevated levels of
      prostaglandin E2 (36-fold), 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (15-fold) and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (7-fold). The acetylenic analogue of arachidonic acid,
      5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid prevented this accelerated synthesis.

PMID- 6812643
TI  - Organization of unesterified cholesterol in high density lipoproteins probed by
      filipin.
AB  - The initial rate of filipin association with unesterified cholesterol in high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) was measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry to
      assess the roles played by apolipoproteins and phospholipids in modulating the
      surface exposure of cholesterol. The initial rate of filipin-unesterified
      cholesterol association was enhanced upon hydrolysis of the glycerophospholipids
      of human HDL3 by phospholipase A2. Rate enhancements were also observed following
      trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of apolipoprotein A-I in canine HDL and of
      apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in human HDL3. However, the initial rate of filipin
      unesterified cholesterol association was not altered upon incubation of HDL3 with
      polymorphonuclear cells, which causes hydrolysis of apolipoprotein A-II but
      leaves apolipoprotein A-I intact. These results are consistent with the general
      structural model of HDL in which unesterified cholesterol, apolipoproteins and
      glycerophospholipids are presumed to be localized at the surface of the HDL
      particle. From these studies and from results indicating that the initial rate of
      filipin-unesterified association was enhanced in canine HDL hybrids in which 50%
      of the apolipoprotein A-I had been replaced by apolipoprotein A-II, we also
      conclude that apolipoprotein A-I in HDL is in closer proximity to unesterified
      cholesterol than apolipoprotein A-II. Thus, it appears that rapid kinetic
      measurements of filipin-cholesterol association may be useful in assessing the
      organization of unesterified cholesterol in serum lipoproteins.

PMID- 6812644
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of long-chain neutral glycosphingolipids
      and gangliosides.
AB  - We describe a method for analyzing the perbenzoyl derivatives of both neutral
      glycosphingolipids and gangliosides with a single high-performance liquid
      chromatography system. Use of this system, combined with endo- and/or
      exoglycosidase treatment of glycosphingolipids, provides a sensitive method for
      obtaining structural information on these compounds. This system has two
      advantages over previously published chromatography procedures: (i) it uses a
      commercially available column, and (ii) this single column can be used to analyze
      gangliosides and their neutral glycosphingolipid products generated by
      neuraminidase treatment. With this method, we have studied 24 different
      glycosphingolipids, containing one to ten sugars and one or two sialic acid
      residues, and have demonstrated its usefulness in evaluating the gangliosides
      present in human leukocytes.

PMID- 6812645
TI  - Platelet lipoxygenase-dependent oxygen burst. Evidence for differential
      activation of lipoxygenase in intact and disrupted human platelets.
AB  - The metabolism of arachidonic acid in platelets by both cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase involves the rapid consumption of molecular oxygen. However,
      selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase completely abolishes the arachidonate
      induced oxygen burst in intact platelets. This is in contrast to platelet
      lysates, in which approximately 50% of the arachidonate-induced oxygen burst
      remains detectable following inhibition of cyclooxygenase with acetylsalicylic
      acid. This lipoxygenase oxygen burst is blocked by preincubation of the platelets
      with ETYA, which inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. In cell-free
      100000 x g supernatants of platelet lysates, which contain only lipoxygenase
      activity, arachidonate induces an oxygen burst which is not blunted by
      preincubation with aspirin but is completely abolished by preincubation with
      ETYA. The finding of a lipoxygenase-dependent oxygen burst in platelet lysates
      but not in intact platelet suspensions suggests differential activation or
      differential availability of platelet lipoxygenase in intact and disrupted
      platelets. This was confirmed by a 5 min lag in the generation of [14C]HETE (the
      major lipoxygenase product) from [14C]arachidonic acid in intact platelets, but
      an almost immediate initiation of [14C]HETE production in platelet lysates. In
      contrast, the synthesis of [14C]thromboxane B2 (the major cyclooxygenase product)
      from [14C]arachidonic acid began immediately in both intact and disrupted
      platelet preparations and peaked within 5 min. These observations provide new
      insight into factors controlling platelet hydroxy acid production and help to
      explain the nature of the platelet oxygen burst.

PMID- 6812646
TI  - Increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in developing and regenerating peripheral
      nerve.
AB  - Characteristic fatty acids of peripheral nerve myelin are mainly saturated and
      monounsaturated. A marked increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly
      arachidonic acid, was found in endoneurial phosphatidylethanolamine of both
      developing and regenerating rat sciatic nerve, suggesting a close association
      between polyunsaturated fatty acids and peripheral nerve myelination.

PMID- 6812647
TI  - Changes in sterol metabolism in the skin of developing chick embryo and
      alterations in the presence of an anticholesterolemic agent and a chemical
      carcinogen.
AB  - Changes in sterol metabolism in the skin of chick embryo during its development
      were studied with embryonal chick skin and with the cultured skin tissues.
      Changes in sterol metabolism of the skin of chick embryo began to appear at day
      17, as observed by the accumulation of dihydrolanosterol, and the ratio of
      dihydrolanostrol:cholesterol increased thereafter until hatching. A similar
      change in sterol metabolism was also observed with the cultured skin tissue of
      chick embryo, although the stages of development seem to have been delayed by 3
      days. The active sterol metabolism of the cultured skin tissue was also confirmed
      by studies of incorporation of [2-14C]acetate into sterols. 20,25
      Diazacholesterol almost completely inhibited the incorporation of [2-14C]acetate
      into C27 sterols, whereas a chemical carcinogen, 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide,
      inhibited the incorporation of [2-14C]acetate into lathosterol but not that into
      cholesterol.

PMID- 6812648
TI  - The purification and characterization of multiple forms of mouse submaxillary
      gland renin.
AB  - Five forms of renin, A0, A, C, D and E, from mouse submaxillary gland were
      purified by a two-step procedure including chromatography on the immunoaffinity
      column and CM-cellulose column. Four renin fractions, A0, A, C and E were
      purified to homogeneity by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      analytical isoelectric focusing and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion. All these
      forms of renin have molecular weights of 40 000 as determined by gel filtration
      on Sephadex G-100 column. No high molecular weight renin could be demonstrated.
      Individual renin fractions showed similar angiotensin I formation activity, 52
      158 ng angiotensin I/ng protein per h. No other protease activity could be
      detected with hemoglobin or casein as substrate. These purified proteins showed a
      discrete pattern of migration under polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under
      denaturing condition in SDS-gel electrophoresis, all but fraction D showed a
      protein band with a molecular weight of 30 000. Fraction D showed a major
      component with molecular weight of 33 000. The isoelectric points of these renin
      forms varied from 5.46 to 5.76. They all reacted with antibody raised against
      renin A and showed similar pressor response activity with 20 ng quantities of the
      purified proteins. The closely related characteristics of these five forms of
      renin were further demonstrated by their similarity in peptide mapping patterns
      after limited digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The data suggest
      that these proteins are homologous proteins.

PMID- 6812649
TI  - [Mechanism of low intensity ultrasound effect on mitochondria].
AB  - Ultrasound of 0,2 Wt/cm2 intensity affects the ionic transport across the
      mitochondrial membrane in vitro. In the presence of 1 mM EGTA in the incubation
      medium ultrasound slows down K+ exit into the external medium after the addition
      of an uncoupling agent (2,4-dinitrophenol). With the addition of 100 divided by
      400 mM Ca2+ to the starting medium ultrasound makes the amount of Ca2+ absorbed
      by mitochondrial decrease and the rate of Ca2+/H+ electroneutral exchange
      increase. Without Ca2+ ultrasound does not influence the rate of coupled and 2,4
      dinitrophenol uncoupled respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, i.e. does not
      produce strong functional changes.

PMID- 6812651
TI  - Cloning of a nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster of Azospirillum brasilense.
AB  - Homology was detected between the structural genes for the nitrogenase complex of
      K. pneumoniae (nifHDK genes) and the total DNA of several Azospirillum strains.
      Bacteriophage lambda gt 7-ara6 was used to construct a gene bank of A. brasilense
      strain 7000 DNA and a recombinant phage carrying a 6.7 kb Eco RI fragment, termed
      AbRI, was selected by hybridization with the K. pneumoniae nif probe. Using
      heteroduplex analysis the extent of the homology of the AbRI fragment and the K.
      pneumoniae nif genes was found to be approximately 5 kb. Proteins encoded by the
      AbRI fragment were examined after infection of E. coli minicells.

PMID- 6812650
TI  - [Analysis of the cable structure of blue-green algae].
AB  - Peculiarities of electrical responses under local illumination of filamentous
      cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Phormidium uncinatum were studied by means of
      extracellular electrodes. Recording of electrical responses at different
      distances from the exposure place and comparison of these data with the results
      obtained on physical model of Ph. uncinatum end expected response parameters
      computed made it possible to estimate the parameters of the cable which can serve
      as the object model: RC=440 c/cm2 and lambda min greater than or equal to 0.07
      cm. According to these values and taking membrane capacity as C=10(-6) phi/cm2,
      intracellular resistance Rm=10(7) Ohm and conductivity of the surface membrane G
      less than or equal to 10(-6) I/Ohm cm2 were estimated.

PMID- 6812652
TI  - [Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Inactivation and stabilization of the enzymes
      of the cellulose complex].
AB  - The thermal inactivation of the individual cellulolytic components
      (endoglucanase, EC 3.2.1.4; exoglucosidase, EC 3.2.1.74; cellobiase, EC 3.2.1.21)
      from the fungi Trichoderma reesei, T. viride, T. lignorum an Aspergillus foetidus
      has been studied without resolution of the cellulase complexes. The kinetics of
      the thermal inactivation follow the first order for cellobiase of Asp. foetidus
      alone and show a more complex picture which is typical for a number of isoenzymes
      of different thermal stabilities for other cellulolytic components of all the
      cellulases under study. It was shown that selective elimination of acid
      proteinase from the cellulase preparations by affinity chromatography did not
      affect the time course of the thermal inactivation. Covalent attachment of the
      cellulases to porous glass and to some soluble high polymer supports only
      resulted in slight stabilizing effects (200-250%). Some polymer effectors (e. g.
      polyethylene glycols with Mr of 4000 and 40,000 and maltodextrins), as well as
      the end products of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (i. e. glucose) did not
      affect the thermal stability of the cellulases under study. In some cases
      cellulose itself (cotton, CM-cellulose) produced a thermostabilizing effect (3-4
      fold) on cellulolytic enzymes.

PMID- 6812653
TI  - [Determination of lysine residue number, positive charge and molecular lengths of
      histone H1 and H5 by a method of incomplete succinylation].
AB  - A simple method for determination of lysine residue number and positive charge of
      histones H1 and H5 in the acetic acid -- urea system has been developed. The
      method is based on incomplete succinylation of lysine residues and allows an
      accurate determination of protein molecular length. The accuracy of the method
      has been demonstrated by determination of goose and chicken histones H5 and their
      fragments. The calibrating curve for determination of molecular lengths of
      histones H1 and H5 has been plotted. Using the incomplete succinylation method, a
      detailed analysis of Lymantria dispar histone H1 structure has been carried out.
      The method under discussion can be used for determining lysine residue number,
      positive charge and molecular length of practically any protein.

PMID- 6812654
TI  - [Subcellular localization of some enzymes in silkworm eggs].
AB  - Differential centrifugation of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) egg homogenates
      resulted in nuclear, mitochondrial, lysosomal and cytosol infarctions, which were
      analyzed for the activities of alanine, aspartate- and tyrosine
      aminotransferases, 3-glycerophosphate- and lactate dehydrogenases and acid and
      alkaline DNAases. Alanine- and aspartate aminotransferases as well as 3
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase are localized mainly in the cytosol, where their
      activities made up to 86.2, 95.4 and 98.4% of their total activity, respectively.
      The activities of lactate dehydrogenase and acid DNAase are distributed between
      the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions; this distribution is even in the case of
      the former enzyme, whereas in the case of the latter the bulk (90.6%) of total
      enzyme activity is found in the nuclei. In contrast to the other enzymes whose
      activity is distributed between different cell fractions, tyrosine
      aminotransferase is localized exclusively in mitochondria, while alkaline DNAase-
      exclusively in the nuclei. No correlation between the level of enzyme specific
      activity and its total content in the fractions was established. The role of the
      enzymes under study in silkworm metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 6812655
TI  - Metabolism of arachidonic acid in vitro by bovine blastocysts and endometrium.
AB  - Metabolism of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin F2 alpha by bovine blastocysts
      and endometrial slices recovered on Days 16 and 19 postmating was studied in
      vitro. In Experiment 1, arachidonic acid (10 microCi tritiated and 200 micrograms
      radioinert) was added to blastocysts and endometrial slices prior to incubation
      for 24 h. [3H]arachidonic acid ([3H]AA) and metabolites in extracts of culture
      medium and tissue homogenates were separated on columns of Sephadex LH-20.
      Elution profiles of [3H]AA and metabolites in extracts of culture medium revealed
      that 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM), Pge2, PGF2 alpha, and at least
      four unidentified compounds were produced by Day 16 and Day 19 blastocysts.
      Endometrial slices from both days of pregnancy produced 3H-prostaglandins.
      Experiment 2 was conducted to quantify PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGFM in aliquots of
      culture medium from Day 16 and Day 19 blastocyst and endometrial incubates. These
      tissues were incubated with 200 micrograms of radioinert arachidonic acid. Day 16
      blastocysts produced less (microgram/blastocyst; P less than 0.01) of each
      prostaglandin than Day 19 blastocysts (PGE2, 0.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.2 +/- 1.0; PGF2
      alpha, 2.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 22.8 +/- 4.1; PGFM, 0.03 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.2).
      Endometrial slices produced PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGFM, but quantities were not
      affected by day postmating or uterine horncorpus luteum relationships. The third
      experiment was conducted to determine directly if Day 19 blastocysts and
      endometrial slices metabolized [3H]PGF2 alpha to [3H]PGFM. Blastocysts and
      endometrial slices produced [3H]PGFM. Endometrial slices metabolized 34.3 +/-
      1.5% of the [3H]PGF2 alpha to [3H]PGFM, while blastocysts metabolized 7.5 +/-
      1.6% of the [3H]PGF2 alpha to [3H]PGFM. Results of this study indicate that
      bovine blastocysts and endometrial slices can metabolize [3H]AA in vitro. It is
      postulated that prostaglandins of blastocyst and endometrial orgin have a role in
      maintenance of early pregnancy in cattle.

PMID- 6812656
TI  - Interaction of rabbit spermatozoa and serum complement components.
AB  - Unheated rabbit and human sera were found to induce acrosomal loss in rabbit
      spermatozoa, while similar concentrations of heated sera did not. In addition,
      human serum did not induce acrosomal loss when pretreated with antiserum to
      complement component C8, suggesting that acrosomal loss in unheated serum is
      caused by the membrane attack complex of complement. Human serum complement
      anaphylatoxins did not induce acrosomal loss, although they are known to induce
      exocytosis of secretory granules in other cell types. When incubated directly in
      human or rabbit sera, rabbit spermatozoa fixed complement; i.e., reduced the
      potential hemolytic activity of the sera. Fixation was suppressed by adding EGTA
      to reduce free calcium. This indicates that rabbit spermatozoa fix complement by
      initiating the classical pathway to complement activation. Initiation requires
      the presence of cell-bound immunoglobulins and the subsequent binding of
      complement component C1q. Immunoglobulins were detected in detergent extracts of
      washed ejaculated spermatozoa by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and the binding
      of 125 I-human C1q was detected on samples of living ejaculated spermatozoa.
      Seminal plasma was found to inhibit complement-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes.
      These results suggest that, in the absence of seminal plasma, spermatozoa may
      activate complement where it is present in the male or female tract.

PMID- 6812657
TI  - An autoradiographic study of the binding of 125 I-labeled follicle-stimulating
      hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin to the hamster ovary
      throughout the estrous cycle.

PMID- 6812658
TI  - Examination of Haldane's first law for the partition of CO and O2 to hemoglobin
      A0.

PMID- 6812659
TI  - Pulse injection, 13C tracer studies of lactate metabolism in humans during rest
      and two levels of exercise.
AB  - In order to determine the role of lactic acid as a metabolic substrate during
      exercise, the extent of its oxidation was studied using (13C) lactate under three
      different metabolic conditions in two subjects. During rest, easy exercise (work
      below the lactate inflection point), and hard exercise (work above the lactate
      inflection point), 100 mg of Na+-D,L(+)-2,3-(13C) lactate was injected via an
      indwelling catheter inserted in an antecubital vein. Blood as well as expired gas
      samples were collected up to 2 h post-injection. Subjects worked at average
      intensities of 53% and 74% VO2max during easy and hard exercise, respectively.
      During rest and easy exercise, blood lactate concentrations remained stable at 1
      2 nM. During hard exercise, blood lactate increased to 3-4 times those observed
      at rest. Excretion of 13CO2 peaked much sooner and enrichment of 13C in CO2 was
      greater during both exercise intensities than during rest. Cumulative recovery of
      injected 13C as 13CO2 averaged 13.2 and 86.2% through 120 min during rest and
      easy exercise. Through 45 min of hard exercise, recovery of tracer as CO2 was the
      same as during a similar time point of easy exercise, 51.8%. The results support
      the contention that oxidation is the major fate of lactate during exercise.

PMID- 6812660
TI  - Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of 1,2,3
      propanetrioltrinitrate (nitroglycerin) in human plasma using the nitrogen-15
      labelled compound as internal standard.
AB  - A method for the quantitative determinatio of 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate
      (nitroglycerin) in human plasma by gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been
      developed. After addition of 1,2,3 and methyl acetate (90 : 10). The extracts are
      purified by partition between, first, the extraction solvent and a mixture of
      acetonitrile and water (60 : 40) and, secondly, the resultant aqueous phase and
      benzene. THe solvent is evaporated to a small volume before injection. The
      fragment ions at m/z 46 and 47 are monitored for the measurement of the [NO2]+
      and [15NO2]+ ions using electron impact ionization. The mean recovery (%) +/- SD
      in blind plasma samples spiked with amounts in the concentration range 0.35-3.52
      nmol 1(-1), was 97.4 +/- 9.0 (n = 58). Within a day, recovery experiments gave
      rise to coefficients of variation of 9.6, 6.4 and 2.7% at the levels 0.44, 0.88
      and 11 nmol 1(-1), respectively. Concentrations in plasma down to about 0.2 nmol
      1(-1) (50 pg ml-1) could be estimated. Percent recovery of duplicate
      determinations in the range 0.5-1.96 nmol 1(-1) +/- SD was 99.4 +/- 6.0 (n = 80).

PMID- 6812662
TI  - Calcium and neural tube closure defects: an in vitro study.

PMID- 6812661
TI  - Maternal metabolic complications following ritodrine or terbutaline therapy.

PMID- 6812663
TI  - Photographic, stereological and statistical methods in evaluation of aggregation
      of red cells in disease: part I: kinetics of aggregation.
AB  - Kinetics of red cells aggregation were studied by microphotography of blood
      contained between parallel-plates in a slit of 12.5 micrometers. Blood samples,
      anticoagulated with EDTA, were adjusted to haematocrit of 0.30 using native
      plasma. Blood was allowed to flow at shear rate of 2000 sec-1, flow was stopped,
      and sequential photography carried out. Full development of aggregation required
      from 2 to 10 minutes, depending on the blood sample. Blood studied included
      normal donors and patients with polycythaemia, lymphoma, hyperparathyroidism,
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, influenza. The quantitative evaluation of
      colour slides was carried out on Microvideomat No. 2 with Zeiss Interference
      Monochromator, using light wave length of 460 or 560 nanometers. The
      stereological parameters defined included d(Heyn), Lamda, and S/V. Linear
      regressions of stereological parameters against square root of stasis time showed
      correlation coefficients of 0.8 up to 0.99. Linear regressions for different
      blood samples were compared, and significance of differences between slopes or
      between elevations was defined using F-distribution. Such differences were
      significant up to P less than 0.001. Rate of aggregation was much higher in
      macroglobulinaemia or lymphoma than in normals, and it was lowest in the
      hyperparathyroid disease.

PMID- 6812664
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on myocardial function in short-term ischemia].
AB  - In acute experiments on open-chest dogs nitroglycerin (5 microgram/kg, i.v.) was
      injected 1 minute before a 60-second occlusion of the descending branch of the
      left coronary artery. At the height of ischemia nitroglycerin increased oxygen
      tension and produced a lowering of contractility of the deep and superficial
      layers of the myocardium adjacent to the zone of ischemia, this lowering was less
      as compared to that seen in control occlusions. Nitroglycerin did not produce
      marked or significant changes in oxygen tension and myocardial contractility in
      the central ischemic or distant areas. No significant changes in the hemodynamics
      were recorded either.

PMID- 6812665
TI  - [Comparison of the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by thiophosphamide
      in rabbit lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo].
AB  - Rabbit lymphocytes were treated with thiophosphamide in vivo and in vitro. In
      vitro doses were calculated by multiplying thiophosphamide concentrations by the
      time of treatment (the doses ranged within 0-1500 mg/min/ml). In-vivo doses were
      calculated as integral of thiophosphamide concentration function from the time of
      administration till the time of blood sample collection (the doses ranged within
      0-1900 mg/min/ml). It was shown that with the dose increase the rate of
      chromosome aberrations and the number of disruptions per cell rise exponentially
      in vivo and in vitro. At the same time the parameters of regression equations
      coincide. This evidences that thiophosphamide produces the same effect in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 6812666
TI  - In vitro survival studies of a Factor VIII concentrate (Kryobulin).

PMID- 6812667
TI  - [Genetic control of murine leukemias induced by Moloney virus].

PMID- 6812668
TI  - Effect of microbial life stages on the fate of methylmercury in natural waters.

PMID- 6812669
TI  - Assessment of continuous biodegradation of commercial PCB formulations.

PMID- 6812670
TI  - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Kanechlor-400) on the potassium
      compartmentation and glucose permeability of human erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 6812672
TI  - Time trends of chlordane, DDT, and PCB concentrations in pike (Esox lucius) and
      Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Turku Archipelago, Northern Baltic Sea
      for the period 1971-1982.

PMID- 6812671
TI  - Accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl aroclor 1242 from contaminated
      detritus and water by the saltmarsh detritivore, Uca pugnax.

PMID- 6812673
TI  - Hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6812675
TI  - Antigen-induced contraction of guinea-pig trachea: search for mediator release
      with cascade superfusion bioassay.
AB  - Ovalbumin induces contraction of sensitized guinea-pig trachea, both in the
      presence and absence of indomethacin. Cascade superfusion bioassay was employed
      to detect mediator release. A prostaglandin E-like material was released in
      response to antigen in the absence of indomethacin but, no biologically active
      material could be detected from trachea in the presence of indomethacin. Thus the
      substance responsible for antigen-induced tracheal contraction, although
      appearing to be a lipoxygenase product, is as yet undefined.

PMID- 6812676
TI  - Elimination of glyceryl trinitrate: effects of sex, age, species and route of
      administration.
AB  - 1 Orally administered glyceryl trinitrate to rats undergoes extensive first pass
      metabolism leading to low bioavailability. 2 Sex differences in the plasma
      elimination of glyceryl trinitrate were seen in the rat, the female exhibiting
      the longer plasma half-life. No sex differences in this respect were detected in
      the rabbit. 3 The plasma half-life of glyceryl trinitrate was longer and the
      volume of distribution larger, in older animals. 4 The plasma elimination of
      glyceryl trinitrate was different in various animal species. There was a good
      correlation between plasma half-life and animal bodyweight.

PMID- 6812677
TI  - Fetal dose in electron therapy of pregnant patients using a Philips SL75/10
      linear accelerator.

PMID- 6812678
TI  - Improved electron applicators for a Dynaray 18 accelerator.

PMID- 6812674
TI  - Fibrin, red cell and platelet interactions in an experimental model of
      thrombosis.
AB  - 1 Insertion of a cotton thread into an arteriovenous shunt of an anaesthetized
      rat causes an increase in the weight of the thread due to deposition of thrombus.
      2 The thrombus formed was of the venous (red) type, being sensitive to heparin,
      yet possessed important characteristics of an arterial thrombus, in that it was
      dependent on platelets and on rate of blood flow. 3 Thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitors had no effect on thrombus deposition. 4 Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors did
      not significantly depress thrombus formation at doses which inhibited platelet
      function ex vivo. 5 Compounds which can modify the release or action of adenosine
      5' -diphosphate partly inhibited thrombus formation. 6 A depression in clotting
      factor levels induced by sodium warfarin led to a highly significant reduction in
      thrombus formation at doses which caused a prolongation of prothrombin clotting
      time.

PMID- 6812679
TI  - Blood samples from mice: the influence of sampling site.

PMID- 6812680
TI  - Combined antrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the surgical treatment of
      recurrent peptic ulceration.
AB  - The results of antrectomy performed for recurrent peptic ulceration after
      vagotomy and drainage are frequently marred by bilious vomiting. Consequently,
      there has been interest in combining antrectomy with Roux-en-Y drainage to
      prevent this complication. The experience of one surgeon in revisional gastric
      surgery has been studied retrospectively. Thirty-six patients have been reviewed
      in detail, 24 of whom had a combined antrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis: 16 for
      recurrent peptic ulceration, 2 for non-ulcer dyspepsia and 6 for bile reflux
      gastritis. None of these has required reoperation, and 12 of the 16 with
      recurrent ulcers have had a good result. Four of 12 who underwent antrectomy
      alone subsequently required biliary diversion. Combining antrectomy with a Roux
      en-Y anastomosis prevents postoperative bile reflux gastritis and thereby the
      need for further revision on this account. The results of this approach compare
      well with those of other procedures used in the treatment of recurrent peptic
      ulceration.

PMID- 6812681
TI  - Managing hyperlipidaemias.

PMID- 6812682
TI  - Immunisation of infants at high risk of hepatitis B.

PMID- 6812683
TI  - Smoking still kills.

PMID- 6812684
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation: 1982.

PMID- 6812685
TI  - A regimen for low-dose aspirin?
AB  - The effects of different regimens of 40 mg aspirin on platelet thromboxane A2
      synthesis and vascular prostacyclin synthesis were determined in patients who
      were undergoing elective surgery for removal of varicose veins. Aspirin 40 mg
      taken at intervals of 48 hours consistently reduced platelet thromboxane A2
      synthesis to a level at which it failed to support platelet aggregation and the
      associated release reaction. This effect lasted for at least 36 hours. In
      contrast, aspirin 40 mg every 72 hours did not have the same consistent effect.
      Both dose regimens led to a reduction in vascular prostacyclin synthesis 12 hours
      after the last dose, but 36 or 72 hours after the last dose prostacyclin
      synthesis was not reduced; thus the inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis was
      short lived. If the balance between platelet thromboxane A2 and vascular
      prostacyclin synthesis is important in thrombosis 40 mg aspirin every 48 hours
      may have the maximum antithrombotic effect.

PMID- 6812686
TI  - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: therapeutic effect of plasma infusion.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of plasma infusion was evaluated in 10 children and seven
      adults with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. All but one patient responded to this
      treatment with rapid disappearance of haematological abnormalities. The patient
      who apparently failed to respond to plasma infusion obtained complete remission
      of the disease after plasmapheresis. Although 15 of the 17 patients were anuric
      or oliguric on admission, renal function recovered completely in eight children
      and two adults. Seven patients showed residual chronic renal failure and two
      required long-term maintenance haemodialysis. Treatment with plasma was also
      successful in patients with relapses or recurrent episodes. Plasma infusion is a
      promising therapeutic approach for the haemolytic uraemic syndrome and deserves
      further study in clinical trials.

PMID- 6812687
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate in schoolgirls with covert bacteriuria.
AB  - Clearance of technetium-99m-labelled diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid was used
      to measure total and individual kidney glomerular filtration rates in 48 girls
      with covert bacteriuria. The mean (+/- SD) of the total rates of 18 girls with
      scarred kidneys (99 +/- 24 ml/min/1.73 m2) was significantly (0.005 greater than
      p greater than 0.002) lower than that in 30 girls with unscarred kidneys (119 +/-
      18 ml/min/1.73 m2). This reduction in glomerular filtration was related to the
      loss of kidney substance associated with scarring rather than to vesicoureteric
      reflux. The glomerular filtration rate was unrelated to the duration of
      bacteriuria. These findings suggest that in girls aged 4 and over neither
      vesicoureteric reflux nor covert bacteriuria contributes to the progression of
      kidney damage.

PMID- 6812688
TI  - Cimetidine and gastric cancer: preliminary report from post-marketing
      surveillance study.
AB  - Widespread publicity has been given to te possibility that cimetidine treatment
      might cause gastric cancer. Preliminary data are given from a post-marketing
      surveillance study in four centres. A total of 9940 patients taking the drug
      entered study and 9504 were observed for at least a year. Seventy-four cases of
      gastric cancer were identified in those taking cimetidine, but 23 of these were
      diagnosed before the use of the drug and 29 others with advanced malignancy had
      received cimetidine within the previous six months only. Ten of the remaining 22
      had gastric cancer diagnosed within a year of starting treatment, and 12 after
      more than a year; only four of the total group had histologically "early" cancer.
      The occurrence of gastric cancer a long time after starting cimetidine treatment
      cannot be explained in every case, but it is noteworthy that in control group
      (which is not directly comparable) gastric cancer was observed in eight patients.
      The hypothesis that cimetidine treatment predisposes to gastric cancer cannot be 
      excluded by our findings: in our view, however, they do not support such an
      association.

PMID- 6812689
TI  - Metastatic tumour of right atrium mimicking constrictive pericarditis and
      tricuspid stenosis.

PMID- 6812690
TI  - Photophobia in lithium intoxication.

PMID- 6812691
TI  - Bromocriptine-induced psychosis in acromegaly.

PMID- 6812692
TI  - Treatment of digoxin overdose with antigen-binding fragments of digoxin-specific
      antibodies.

PMID- 6812693
TI  - Short-term control of brittle diabetes using a Biostator.

PMID- 6812694
TI  - Mid-arm circumference as simple means of identifying malnutrition in Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 6812695
TI  - Study of angina in patients aged 30 to 59 in general practice. Research
      Committee, Northern Region Faculty, Royal College of General Practitioners.

PMID- 6812696
TI  - Dietary advice.

PMID- 6812697
TI  - Health and Safety at Work Act 1974: GP's duties to staff.

PMID- 6812698
TI  - Bexhill: retirement haven.

PMID- 6812699
TI  - Histopathology services for developing countries.

PMID- 6812700
TI  - Essentials of health economics: Part III (continued)--developing health care
      policies.

PMID- 6812702
TI  - Little people of America.

PMID- 6812703
TI  - What specialty after registration?

PMID- 6812701
TI  - A survey of decision aids for clinicians.
AB  - Inconsistency in applying medical knowledge is a major reason for varying
      standards of medical care. Five types of aid have been introduced into medicine
      to help decision-making: questionnaires, algorithms, database systems, diagnostic
      systems, and, finally, computer-based decision-support systems. Of these, the
      most effective act as reminder or prompt systems to assist doctors without
      threatening their clinical freedom.

PMID- 6812704
TI  - A case of Lassa fever.

PMID- 6812706
TI  - Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 6812705
TI  - Cyclophosphamide in haematological systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6812707
TI  - Alcohol update.

PMID- 6812708
TI  - Teaching in casualty.

PMID- 6812709
TI  - Assessment of Fecatest and Haemoccult for faecal occult blood testing.

PMID- 6812711
TI  - Dexamethasone deleterious in cerebral malaria.

PMID- 6812712
TI  - Drug resistance among infantile enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains
      isolated in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 6812710
TI  - Myopathy due to mercaptopropionyl glycine.

PMID- 6812713
TI  - New blue paraquat.

PMID- 6812714
TI  - National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme 1971-81.

PMID- 6812715
TI  - What's in a waiting list?

PMID- 6812716
TI  - A case of Lassa fever: clinical and virological findings.
AB  - Five days after arriving in London from Jos a young Nigerian women developed a
      severe and prolonged illness that proved to be Lassa fever. Virus was not
      detected in urine during the first three weeks but then appeared and reached a
      peak during the sixth week, with continuing excretion for 67 days after the onset
      of illness. Laboratory investigations showed evidence of extensive tissue damage
      and disturbance of clotting, but there was no serious bleeding and she eventually
      made a complete recovery despite a high sustained viraemia and severe liver
      damage. Convalescent serum was used in treatment but it was difficult to assess
      its contribution to the favourable outcome.

PMID- 6812717
TI  - A case of Lassa fever: experience at St Thomas's Hospital.
AB  - An 18-year-old Nigerian girl, normally resident in Jos, was admitted to hospital
      for five days before she was diagnosed as having Lassa fever. There were several
      atypical features in the early stages of here illness, notably the absence of
      prostration, pharyngitis, or bradycardia and the development of appreciable
      leucocytosis. Consequent control and surveillance measures required checks for 21
      days on 173 people who had had contact with as first line if they had handled her
      or specimens without taking precautions to avoid direct skin contact with her
      excretions, secretions, and blood; other contacts were categorised as second
      line. During her time in hospital she was managed in a single room on a general
      ward. She visited a number of investigative departments within the hospital, and
      her specimens were examined in five clinical laboratories. Despite this no
      secondary cases occurred among either first- or second-line contacts, and there
      was no serological evidence of subclinical infection among any of the contacts
      tested (159 people).

PMID- 6812718
TI  - European distribution of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - The prevalence of Paget's disease of bone was mapped from 1416 replies to a
      postal questionnaire sent to radiologists throughout Western Europe. Subsequently
      radiological surveys were carried out in 13 towns in nine countries. The two
      surveys showed a remarkable geographical distribution. The prevalence of the
      disease was higher in Britain than in any other Western European country. Only in
      France did the prevalences reach the lowest values among those previously
      recorded in a survey of 31 British towns. The lowest rates in any country were in
      Sweden and Norway. These findings have implications for the hypothesis that the
      disease is caused by a virus infection and suggest the existence of one or more
      as yet unknown cofactors.

PMID- 6812719
TI  - Raised intraocular pressure-time for a think on referral procedure?

PMID- 6812720
TI  - Osteoporosis and calcitonin deficiency.

PMID- 6812721
TI  - Death due to overdose of indoramin.

PMID- 6812722
TI  - Cheap and effective method of weighing bed-bound patients.

PMID- 6812723
TI  - "Please reply impersonally": communication outside a rural practice.

PMID- 6812724
TI  - George Johnston: 1797-1855.

PMID- 6812725
TI  - Part-time training: is it viable?

PMID- 6812726
TI  - Children aged 5 to 15.

PMID- 6812727
TI  - Preregistration year: some background.

PMID- 6812728
TI  - Outbreak of chickenpox from a patient with immunosuppressed herpes zoster in
      hospital.

PMID- 6812729
TI  - Essentials of health economics: part I (continued)-what is economics?

PMID- 6812730
TI  - Use of invasive neuroradiological investigations in patients with normal
      computerised tomography.
AB  - A review of the results of neuroradiological investigation of patients in whom
      computed tomography had shown no intracranial abnormality showed that the use of
      invasive studies, particularly pneumoencephalography, has declined since
      installation of a computed tomography scanner, and indications for such studies
      have become firmer. Diagnostic yield from invasive procedures in patients
      presenting with epilepsy, dementia, headache (including facial pain), or loss of
      consciousness is negligible.

PMID- 6812731
TI  - Poliomyelitis in Sierra Leone.

PMID- 6812733
TI  - Severe mental handicap: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention.

PMID- 6812732
TI  - Correspondence.

PMID- 6812734
TI  - Drug interactions with coumarin derivative anticoagulants.

PMID- 6812735
TI  - Non-drug treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 6812736
TI  - Sinus arrest during treatment with amiodarone.

PMID- 6812738
TI  - Letting intrauterine devices lie.

PMID- 6812737
TI  - Subdural haematoma as a complication of spinal anaesthetic.

PMID- 6812739
TI  - Nitrofurantoin-induced parotitis.

PMID- 6812740
TI  - Use of operating theatres.

PMID- 6812741
TI  - Children and disaster.

PMID- 6812742
TI  - New prospects for luteinising hormone releasing hormone as a contraceptive and
      therapeutic agent.

PMID- 6812743
TI  - Myocardial disarray revisited.

PMID- 6812744
TI  - Fatty-acid composition of serum lipids predicts myocardial infarction.
AB  - During a follow-up of five to seven years 33 out of 1222 middle-aged men
      initially free of coronary heart disease sustained fatal or non-fatal myocardial
      infarction or died suddenly. The fatty-acid composition of serum triglycerides,
      phospholipids, and cholesterol esters had been measured at the start of the
      surveillance in these men and in a control group of 64 men matched for age, serum
      cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, blood pressure, obesity, smoking,
      and one-hour glucose tolerance. Palmitic and stearic acids of phospholipids were
      significantly higher and linoleic and most polyunsaturated fatty acids, including
      arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, of phospholipids were lower in the
      subjects who sustained coronary events compared with the controls. Linoleic acid
      tended to correlate negatively with blood pressure while other polyunsaturated
      fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, exhibited a negative correlation
      with blood pressure and relative body weight in the controls but not in the
      subjects who sustained coronary events. These findings suggest that the fatty
      acid pattern of serum phospholipids is an independent risk factor for coronary
      heart disease.

PMID- 6812745
TI  - Acceleration of ventricular rate by fibrillation associated with the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Amiodarone has proved to be a valuable drug in atrial fibrillation associated
      with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. When it was administered to a patient
      with this syndrome in atrial fibrillation, who had previously suffered an
      inferior myocardial infarction, the ventricular rate accelerated from 170 to 230
      beats/minute.This unusual case emphasises the need for full electrophysiological
      assessment of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome for whom
      amiodarone treatment is being considered.

PMID- 6812746
TI  - Early detection of glaucoma.

PMID- 6812747
TI  - The nature of piles.

PMID- 6812748
TI  - Does control of risk factors prevent coronary heart disease?

PMID- 6812749
TI  - Amaurosis fugax.

PMID- 6812750
TI  - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin.
AB  - The selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2-(5-HT2)-receptor-blocking agent ketanserin was
      given in a dose of 10 mg intravenously to nine patients with Raynaud's
      phenomenon. The effect on blood flow was assessed by photopletysmography and
      measurments of skin temperature. Digital blood flow and skin temperature
      increased significantly after ketanserin injection, whereas the placebo (saline 9
      g/l) had no such effect. This study suggests that ketanserin may be useful in the
      treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 6812751
TI  - Pericapillary fibrin in the ulcer-bearing skin of the leg: the cause of
      lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration.
AB  - Forty-one biopsy specimens, taken from the ulcer-bearing skin of 41 legs of 21
      patients attending the varicose vein clinic, were selectively stained for fibrin
      with phosphotungstic acid haemotoxylin before being blindly assessed,. Layers of
      fibrin were found surrounding the dermal capillaries in all 26 legs with
      lipodermatosclerosis. None of the specimens from the 15 legs with clinically
      normal skin contained fibrin. There was also an increased number of dermal
      capillaries cut in cross section per high powered field in 24 of the 26 legs with
      lipodermatosclerosis compared with two of the 15 legs with normal skin (p less
      than 0.001). The mean reduction in foot vein pressure during exercise was
      significantly less in the 26 limbs with pericapillary fibrin than in the other 15
      limbs (p less than 10(-6). Lipodermatosclerosis is synonymous with pericapillary
      fibrin deposition and is associated with, and probably secondary to, both a
      persistently raised venous pressure and an increase in the size of the dermal
      capillary bed. This extravascular deposition of fibrin probably stimulates tissue
      fibrosis and blocks the diffusion of oxygen to the overlying epidermis, producing
      cellular death and venous ulceration.

PMID- 6812752
TI  - Factors protective against retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics free of
      retinopathy for 30 years.
AB  - To investigate which factors might protect against the development of retinopathy
      40 insulin-dependent diabetics who had remained free from retinopathy despite
      diabetes of long duration (mean+/-1 SD 30+/-10 years) were compared with 40
      patients who had background and 47 who had proliferative retinopathy (mean
      durations of disease 16+/-5 and 19+/-5 years respectively). The three groups had
      had similar mean ages at onset of diabetes. The mean of all postprandial blood
      glucose measurements at hospital clinics from diagnosis of diabetes to detection
      of retinopathy, or to the most recent negative eye examination, was 9.9+/-2.1
      mmol/l (178+/-38 mg/100 ml) in the group with no retinopathy, 11.8+/-2.1 mmol/l
      (213+/-38 mg/100 ml) in those with background retinopathy, and 12.4+/-2.1 mmol/l
      (223+/-38 mg/100 ml) in those with proliferative retinopathy (p <0.0001). This
      difference was not reflected in present concentrations of haemoglobin A(1C),
      probably because glycaemic control had been improved after the development of
      retinopathy. In the groups with background and proliferative retinopathy there
      were significant negative correlations between mean blood glucose concentrations
      and the number of years that had elapsed from diagnosis of diabetes to detection
      of retinopathy, suggesting that the development of both grades of retinopathy
      depends on the degree and duration of glycaemic exposure.The patients with no
      retinopathy had attended clinic more frequently (p <0.025), more of them had
      required emergency hospital treatment for hypoglycaemia (p <0.0025), and they
      tended to have had a lower prevalence of hyperglycaemic coma than the other
      groups. Although mean percentage ideal body weight and diastolic blood pressure
      were lower in the patients with no retinopathy at the time of study, mean body
      weight, blood pressure, and the prevalence of smoking in the years before the
      development of retinopathy had been similar in all groups, suggesting that these
      did not influence the development of retinopathy.

PMID- 6812753
TI  - CT abnormalities of the pituitary in hyperprolactinaemic women with normal or
      equivocal sellae radiologically.
AB  - Sixteen young women with hyperprolactinaemia and normal or equivocal sella in
      radiographs underwent computed tomography using a Siemens Somatom II. In all but
      one case an abnormality was found. The sella was full in seven and partially
      empty in nine. A tumour was visible in six of the full and in four of the
      partially empty sellae. All but one of the 10 tumours was unilateral, and in
      seven the pituitary stalk was deviated away from the tumour. After administration
      of intravenous contrast (Urografin) four tumours showed diffuse enhancement, four
      ring enhancement, and two enhanced less than adjacent normal pituitary tissue.
      Two of the tumours have been subsequently shown histologically to be
      prolactinomas. Prolactin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone predicted a
      tumour in seven out of eight with visible tumours but also in three out of four
      without visible tumours; using metoclopramide, a tumour was predicted in six out
      of seven with tumours, but again in three out of four without visible tumours.
      Such results question the value of dynamic tests for the discrimination of
      tumours. We conclude that practically all women with sustained
      hyperprolactinaemia and a normal or equivocal sella radiologically have pituitary
      disease.

PMID- 6812754
TI  - Oesophageal resection in patients with oesophageal speech.

PMID- 6812755
TI  - Reversible gynaecomastia associated with D-penicillamine in a man with rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 6812756
TI  - Spontaneous expulsion of a large colonic tumour.

PMID- 6812757
TI  - Severe coughing and pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 6812758
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with sotalol.

PMID- 6812759
TI  - Chloramine-induced pneumonitis from mixing household cleaning agents.

PMID- 6812760
TI  - Changing the method of selection at Northwick Park.

PMID- 6812762
TI  - The "who" and "how" of detecting glaucoma.

PMID- 6812764
TI  - Vision screening in the under-5s.

PMID- 6812761
TI  - Use of an alcolmeter to detect problem drinkers.

PMID- 6812763
TI  - Referral routes to hospital of patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - An analysis of the referral routes of Southampton Eye Hospital of 191 patients
      who had been diagnosed as having chronic open-angle glaucoma showed that 121
      patients (63.4%) were diagnosed as a result of the patient seeking advice for
      ocular symptoms (118) or because they had a family history of glaucoma (3).
      Advice had been sought from general practitioners (48), ophthalmic medical
      practitioners (19), and ophthalmic opticians (46). The remaining eight patients
      had gone directly to the casualty department. Seventy patients had been
      identified by chance, the majority of ophthalmic medical practitioners (26) or
      ophthalmic opticians (32).

PMID- 6812765
TI  - Facing the future: medical education in a cold climate.

PMID- 6812766
TI  - Essentials of health economics: part II--Financing health care.

PMID- 6812767
TI  - Evaluating preregistration posts.

PMID- 6812768
TI  - Are you making the most of "Index Medicus"?

PMID- 6812769
TI  - Ethics and in-vitro fertilisation.

PMID- 6812770
TI  - Atenolol: side effects in the newborn infant.

PMID- 6812771
TI  - Postoperative infection in shunts for hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6812772
TI  - Neutropenic enterocolitis during mianserin-induced agranulocytosis.

PMID- 6812773
TI  - Double-blind controlled study of primidone in essential tremor.

PMID- 6812774
TI  - Unusual complication of perforated appendix.

PMID- 6812775
TI  - Management of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6812776
TI  - Spinal decompression sickness with delayed onset, delayed treatment, and full
      recovery.

PMID- 6812777
TI  - Organisation of diabetic care.

PMID- 6812778
TI  - Introduction of 100-unit insulin.

PMID- 6812779
TI  - Abnormal mammograms with no lump.

PMID- 6812780
TI  - Apheresis therapy: spin-drying the blood.

PMID- 6812781
TI  - The management of piles.

PMID- 6812783
TI  - Disseminated malignant phaeochromocytoma: localisation with iodine-131-labelled
      meta-iodobenzylguanidine.
AB  - Meta-iodobenzylguanidine, a guanethidine analogue, is a newly synthesised
      substance capable of imaging the adrenal medulla. In a woman in whom
      phaeochromocytoma has been diagnosed iodine-131-labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine
      was given intravenously; gamma-camera images showed bilateral adrenal tumours and
      uptake corresponding to bone and liver metastases. 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine
      is effective in localising phaeochromocytomas, and the technique is safe,
      specific, and non-invasive.

PMID- 6812782
TI  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage: older patients have low cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Daily estimations of hemispheral cerebral blood flow using the xenon-133
      inhalation technique was made in 116 patients during the first three weeks after
      subarachnoid haemorrhage. The patients' cerebral perfusion on average remained
      less than the normal perfusion expected for their age (based on a single
      estimation of cerebral blood flow in 67 volunteers). On each separate day after
      subarachnoid haemorrhage cerebral blood flow was inversely related to the
      patient's age. Older patients seem especially at risk of developing cerebral
      ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. The clinical outcome was more often
      unfavourable in older patients--that is, in those who tended to have the lowest
      cerebral blood flow. Present results support the view that episodes of low
      cerebral blood flow lead to a poor outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
      Because of the risk of inducing cerebral ischaemia great care should be exercised
      by physicians administering hypotensive drugs to older patients after
      subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 6812784
TI  - Sudden large and periodic changes in heart rate in healthy young men after short
      periods of exercise.
AB  - The instantaneous heart rate and respiratory pattern were recorded immediately
      after brief periods of exercise in 41 healthy male students. Recordings were
      taken with the subjects both supine and standing. More than half of these
      subjects showed oscillatory heart changes when recovering supine but not when
      standing. During these oscillations the heart rate slowed suddenly by more than
      30 beats/min; the oscillations had a period of 4 to 8 seconds, and they continued
      for half to two minutes. The P waves of the electrocardiogram were decreased
      during the slowing, consistent with increased vagal activity. When these
      oscillations occurred they each followed the start of an inspiration with the
      same latency as in respiratory sinus arrhythmia; unlike respiratory sinus
      arrhythmia, however, they did not occur after every inspiration but varied from
      1:1 to 1:3 oscillations:breaths. They were not usually stopped by breath holding
      but were reduced or abolished by procedures which reduced venous return. This
      pattern of oscillations--"vagushalt"--seems to be different from respiratory
      sinus arrhythmias, and central venous pressure may contribute to the phenomenon.
      Although it is not widely recognised, vagushalt is probably very common and
      possibly its occurrence may change in disease.

PMID- 6812785
TI  - Diuretic-associated hypomagnesaemia.
AB  - Clinically suspected hypomagnesaemia was confirmed in 21 patients over 12 months;
      all patients had been exposed to either short-term vigorous diuretic treatment or
      moderate-dosage long-term treatment. Magnesium depletion was compounded by a
      hospital diet surprisingly low in magnesium, a local soft water supply, and, in
      some patients, high alcohol intake. Common presenting symptoms included
      depression, muscle weakness, refractory hypokalaemia, and atrial fibrillation
      refractory to digoxin treatment. The administration of magnesium supplements
      resulted in prompt improvement of all symptoms particularly in the case of
      refractory atrial fibrillation. Chronic low-grade magnesium deficiency from
      diuretic treatment is more common than published reports suggest. Older patients
      are at risk, particularly those who have excessive alcohol intake, a diet low in
      magnesium, or a soft water supply.

PMID- 6812786
TI  - Long-term survival after cadaveric renal transplantation.
AB  - In a series of 404 consecutive first cadaver kidney transplants performed since
      1967 the actuarial five- and 10-year survival of patients were 61% and 47%
      respectively and of grafts 46% and 36%. In more than four-fifths of the patients
      surviving these intervals the original cadaveric grafts were functioning at these
      times, and most of the remainder were sustained by subsequent grafts. Although
      graft survival has remained static since 1967, patient survival improved. Results
      for 43 consecutive second cadaver transplants were similar after five years to
      those of first grafts. These results promote the acceptability of cadaveric
      transplantation as a long-term treatment for chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6812787
TI  - Lumbar puncture in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Seventy-four patients with proved spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage were
      studied. Sixty-four underwent computed tomography and 55 underwent lumbar
      puncture. Seven cases deteriorated dramatically after lumbar puncture, six of
      these showing evidence of cerebral dislocation on further investigation. Four of
      the seven had not undergone computed tomography and three underwent computed
      tomography after lumbar puncture. Computed tomography of the brain could
      determine patients at risk of coning. It is suggested that computed tomography is
      the investigation of choice after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and that
      lumbar puncture, if still then necessary, should be avoided until computed
      tomography has been undertaken.

PMID- 6812788
TI  - Performance and storage of reagent strips for measuring blood glucose.

PMID- 6812789
TI  - Appendicitis due to Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID- 6812790
TI  - Leiomyoma of the oesophagus: follow-up of 14 years before operation.

PMID- 6812791
TI  - Successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating influenza
      A.

PMID- 6812792
TI  - Administration of potassium by subcutaneous infusion in elderly patients.

PMID- 6812793
TI  - Estimation of urine specific gravity and osmolality using a simple reagent strip.

PMID- 6812794
TI  - A computer in your practice: indispensible tool or troublesome toy?

PMID- 6812796
TI  - Needles in haystacks in Leeds.

PMID- 6812795
TI  - Communication outside the practice: a London view.

PMID- 6812797
TI  - The first five years of life.

PMID- 6812798
TI  - Promoting children's home safety.
AB  - Home accidents are the main cause of death and morbidity in early childhood.
      Working-class children are at greatest risk. A study in an inner city area of the
      effects of a national television campaign about child accident prevention and of
      a locally designed health education initiative showed that 55% of families with
      young children in the study area did not watch any of the television programmes.
      Only 9% of a group specially encouraged to watch the programmes took any action
      to make their homes safer. In a comparable group who also received a home visit
      at which specific advice was given 60% took action to make their homes safer. The
      families studied were well aware before the television campaign of the importance
      and preventability of children's accidents. The problems disadvantaged families
      face are therefore not ones of ignorance or apathy about hazards but practical
      difficulties in converting their concern into action. Administrative arrangements
      must be developed for providing health workers--especially health visitors--with
      detailed local information to pass on to parents.

PMID- 6812799
TI  - Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in an accident and emergency department: the tip of
      an iceberg?
AB  - In one year a prospective survey in a large accident and emergency department
      identified 204 admissions of adults with severe hypoglycaemia, 200 in insulin
      treated patients. Ninety-six had one admission while 34 others were admitted on
      104 occasions. Of the 130 patients, 111 attended diabetic clinics in Nottingham,
      forming 9% of a known clinic population of 1229 on insulin treatment. Since many
      other episodes of hypoglycaemia were presumably treated outside hospital, 9% a
      year is a minimum estimate of the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in our area.
      The mean insulin dose was 1.2 units/kilogram/day for those admitted twice or more
      and 0.9 U/kg/day for those admitted once; these doses were significantly higher
      than those of an age-matched clinic population. A year after the latest admission
      with hypoglycaemia, the mean insulin dose in the group with two or more
      admissions had fallen to 0.8 U/kg/day, suggesting that over-treatment had been an
      important causal factor. A similarly high incidence has been reported in other
      studies, and we believe that it is due mainly to the inadequacy of conventional
      subcutaneous insulin treatment.

PMID- 6812800
TI  - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology in pancreatic
      cancer.
AB  - Fifty-five patients underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration from the
      pancreas. Adequate material was obtained from 33 of the 41 patients with
      pancreatic malignancy. A cytological diagnosis of cancer was made in 31 (94%) of
      these; the overall clinical success rate was 75.6%. There were no false-positive
      results or complications. The sensitivity of the procedure may be increased by
      repeating the punctures.

PMID- 6812801
TI  - Surveillance of patients attending a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh.
AB  - In October 1979 a surveillance system was set up at the International Centre for
      Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Hospital at Dacca to study a 4%
      systematic sample of the 100 000 patients with diarrhoea who come to the hospital
      for care each year. From December 1979 to November 1980 inclusive, 3550 patients
      were studied. A recognised pathogenic organism was identified for 66% of patients
      screened for all pathogens, one-third of whom had a mixed infection with two or
      more agents. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was the most common enteropathogen
      detected in all age groups (detection rate 20%), followed by rotavirus (19%),
      Campylobacter jejuni (14%), and Shigella (12%). Infants and young children (up to
      5 years) were most often infected with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic E coli, and C
      jejuni and older children (5-14 years) had more infections with enterotoxigenic E
      coli, Shigella, and E histolytica. Surveillance has helped to define the range of
      disease among patients attending the Dacca Hospital. Sixty-five per cent of
      patients complained of watery diarrhoea, a presentation that was significantly
      more common in patients with Vibrio cholerae 0:1 (91%), enterotoxigenic E coli
      (78%), rotavirus (77%), and C jejuni (71%) than in all patients studied.
      Dysentery, defined as a history of diarrhoea with blood, was the presenting
      complaint of 20% of all patients but 55% of those with Shigella. Only patients
      with V cholerae 0:1 and enterotoxigenic E coli were at increased risk for severe
      dehydration. In addition surveillance has been used to identify areas where
      patient care can be improved and to generate new ideas for research.

PMID- 6812802
TI  - Finding a preregistration post.

PMID- 6812803
TI  - Part II (continued)--financing health care.

PMID- 6812805
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa.

PMID- 6812804
TI  - Blood donors with a history of jaundice.

PMID- 6812806
TI  - Assessing reports of adverse effects: solvent encephalopathies?

PMID- 6812807
TI  - Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 6812808
TI  - A new or old Chinese restaurant syndrome?

PMID- 6812809
TI  - Terbutaline aerosol given through pear spacer in acute severe asthma.

PMID- 6812810
TI  - Reversible male subfertility due to hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6812811
TI  - Orthogeriatric rehabilitation.

PMID- 6812812
TI  - Failure of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing to predict postoperative sepsis
      and mortality.

PMID- 6812813
TI  - Metabolic acidosis in paracetamol poisoning.

PMID- 6812814
TI  - Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor.

PMID- 6812815
TI  - Peer review weighed in the balance.

PMID- 6812816
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6812817
TI  - Data for management: the Korner Report.

PMID- 6812818
TI  - Comparison of whole-blood eosinophil counts in extrinsic asthmatics with acute
      and chronic asthma.
AB  - Venous whole-blood eosinophil counts were performed on 50 occasions in 42
      patients with varying patterns of asthma. None of the patients studied had
      received systemic corticosteroids during the previous year. Patients with acute
      severe asthma, as defined by symptomatic airways obstruction with a tachycardia
      of at least 120 beats/min, showed eosinopenia (21 x 10(9)/l +/- SD 57 x 10(9)/l).
      Patients with chronic asthma, as defined by symptomatic airways obstruction with
      a heart rate of less than 100 beats/min, showed appreciable eosinophilia (1048 x
      10(9)/l +/- SD 708 x 10(9)/l). Finally, asymptomatic patients had a variable
      total eosinophil count but with values lower than those of patients with chronic
      asthma (345 x 10(9)/l +/- SD 431 x 10(9)/l). Eosinophilia may contain chronic
      asthma, thereby mediating bronchial damage, whereas absence of eosinophils in
      acute asthma enables vasoactive mediators to enter the systemic circulation,
      possibly causing circulatory disturbances.

PMID- 6812819
TI  - Fibronectin in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Thirteen out of 17 patients with fulminant hepatic failure had plasma fibronectin
      concentrations below the normal range (194--472 micrograms/ml), the mean
      concentration in all 17 patients being 117.9 +/- SE 19.4 micrograms/ml. There was
      a significant negative correlation between plasma fibronectin concentration and
      aspartate aminotransferase activity, suggesting that fibronectin is consumed
      during clearance of hepatocyte debris. The reduced availability of fibronectin
      may be an important factor in the impaired function of Kuppfer cells in patients
      with fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 6812821
TI  - Congenital syphilis as an unusual cause of abnormal cardiotocogram.

PMID- 6812820
TI  - Intensive attention improves glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes
      without further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring: results of a
      controlled trial.
AB  - Forty-six diabetics treated with twice-daily insulin were seen every two weeks
      for six months in an intensive education programme aided by regular home urine
      glucose testing. Control was improved with a decrease in 24-hour urinary glucose
      excretion (median 138 mmol/24 h (24.8 g/24 h) falling to 70 mmol/24 h (12.6 g/24
      h); p less than 0.002), glycosylated haemoglobin concentration (mean 11.4 +/- SD
      2.3% falling to 10.4 +/- 1.5%; p less than 0.001), and Diastix score (median 3.0
      falling to 1.3; p less than 0.001). There was no reported increase in
      hypoglycaemia. Thirty-eight of the diabetics proceeded to a nine-month randomised
      cross-over study of the effect on blood glucose control of monitoring urinary
      glucose or blood glucose measured visually or by a reflectance meter using
      appropriate reagent strips. No further improvement in control was observed after
      home blood glucose monitoring. Nevertheless, 29 out of 37 patients preferred
      blood to urine glucose monitoring. During both the education and cross-over
      studies there was evidence of an initial improvement in control followed by
      deterioration. This was independent of the monitoring method used in the cross
      over period and may have been due to waning enthusiasm. Despite patient
      enthusiasm and other reports to the contrary, home blood glucose monitoring
      offered no improvement in control over intensive attention and conventional urine
      glucose monitoring.

PMID- 6812823
TI  - Muscle cramps during treatment with nifedipine.

PMID- 6812822
TI  - Benoxaprofen: effect on cutaneous lesions in psoriasis.

PMID- 6812824
TI  - Postexertional hypotension: a valuable physical sign.

PMID- 6812825
TI  - Nutritional rickets in Rastafarian children.

PMID- 6812826
TI  - Cholestatic jaundice in fascioliasis treated with niclofolan.

PMID- 6812827
TI  - Chronic Q fever endocarditis causing massive splenomegaly and hypersplenism.

PMID- 6812828
TI  - Drug monitoring in general practice.

PMID- 6812829
TI  - The GP and the specialist: ophthalmology.

PMID- 6812830
TI  - How to take a history of head or facial pain.
AB  - A sequence of 15 questions is used to analyse pain, headache and facial pain
      being used for illustration. The questions are grouped for ease of memory-time,
      site, influencing and other factors-and arranged in such an order that simple
      questions are posed first.

PMID- 6812831
TI  - Death from asthma in two regions of England. British Thoracic Association.
AB  - The British Thoracic Association has conducted a confidential inquiry into death
      from asthma of adults aged 15 to 64 years resident in the West Midland and Mersey
      regions in 1979. Information concerning the patients, their asthma, and death was
      obtained by questionnaire, interview with the general medical practitioner and a
      relative, and from patient records. A panel of three physicians, helped by a
      pathologist, identified 90 patients as dying of asthma and assessed management
      and treatment in the last year, last month of life, and the fatal attack. They
      were generally chronic asthmatics, but unstable, most having suffered severe
      attacks previously. Corticosteroids and bronchodilator drugs were in general
      underprescribed or not given in sufficiently large doses. Inhaled corticosteroids
      and cromoglycate had frequently not been tried. The patient's co-operation with
      the management of the asthma was satisfactory for only 42 of the 90 patients. For
      71 of the patients the fatal attack lasted under 24 hours; of the 77 who died at
      home or at work, 50 did not receive any medical attention in the fatal attack.
      Failure to recognise the severity of the asthma by patients, relatives, and
      doctor often caused delay in starting appropriate treatment. The interaction of
      several of these adverse factors often contributed to the patient's death. The
      panel considered that there were potentially preventable factors contributory to
      the death of 77 (86%) of the 90 patients. Within the limits of retrospective
      judgment the panel considered that the routine management of the asthma was often
      unsatisfactory as patients known to suffer severe acute attacks were often not
      adequately supervised or instructed in the management and treatment of their
      asthma. From this retrospective inquiry we concluded that closer overall
      supervision, including careful attention to patient education, earlier and more
      intensive treatment, and pre-arranged immediate admission to hospital for asthma
      emergencies is desirable.

PMID- 6812832
TI  - Arthroscopic surgery of the knee.
AB  - In the first 1000 arthroscopic operations performed by one surgeon 136 patients
      had two or more procedures, making a total of 1168 during the 1000 operations.
      The indications for operation were internal mechanical derangements in 565
      patients, anterior knee pain in 246, disorders of the synovium in 77, ligament
      injuries in 63, and degenerative joint disease in 49. Complications included
      fracture of instruments in the knee in five patients, haemarthrosis in 10, deep
      vein thrombosis in three, and synovial fistula in one. In no patient was the
      wound infected. A total of 26 different operations was performed.

PMID- 6812833
TI  - Essentials of health economics: part III--developing health care policies.

PMID- 6812834
TI  - Finishing up the preregistration year.

PMID- 6812835
TI  - Facial palsy with severe hypertension due to renal tumour.

PMID- 6812836
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6812837
TI  - Terbutaline aerosol given through poor spacer in acute severe asthma.

PMID- 6812838
TI  - Does low dietary intake of linoleic acid predispose to myocardial infarction?

PMID- 6812839
TI  - Breech: vaginal delivery or caesarean section?

PMID- 6812840
TI  - Are you making the most of "Index Medicus"?

PMID- 6812841
TI  - Ultrasound measurement of the spinal canal in spinal stenosis.

PMID- 6812842
TI  - Essentials of health economics.

PMID- 6812843
TI  - ABC of diabetes: treatment.

PMID- 6812844
TI  - Drug interaction with coumarin derivative anticoagulants.

PMID- 6812845
TI  - Weight and mortality in Whitehall study.

PMID- 6812846
TI  - Induction of phenotypically determined resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae to
      human serum by sera from patients with gonorrhoea.
AB  - Some human sera contain factors which induce in gonococci a resistance to killing
      by fresh human sera. Individuals with serum containing these factors might
      possibly be more prone to gonorrhoea. A survey of the sera of 50 female and 50
      male patients with gonorrhoea for resistance-inducing capacity showed, however,
      that the proportions of positive sera (24% for women, 28% for men) were not
      significantly different from those (16% for women, 24% for men) from an equal
      number of controls. Examination of the results, however, in relation to the type
      of gonococcal infection showed that: (a) the sera of 15 female patients with
      complicated (salpingitis) or successive infection or both did not induce
      resistance (statistically significant); (b) a greater proportion (34%) of sera
      from female patients with single gonococcal infections induced higher gonococcal
      resistance than for control sera (16%) (at the borderline of statistical
      significance); and (c) a greater proportion (38%) of sera from the few male
      patients with successive infections induced higher resistance than for control
      sera (24%) (not statistically significant).

PMID- 6812847
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae ophthalmia neonatorum in Singapore.
AB  - The problem of ophthalmia neonatorum due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae (PPNG) has grown with the increasing prevalence of PPNG strains in
      Singapore. The epidemiological trends, clinical features, and treatment of
      ophthalmia neonatorum due to PPNG have been determined from the case histories of
      11 babies with this condition treated between 1978 and 1980. All 11 cases were
      cured with a single intramuscular injection of kanamycin 0.5 g and 1% kanamycin
      eyedrops instilled for three days. In six of the 11 mothers, a non-PPNG strain
      was isolated.

PMID- 6812848
TI  - Prostatitis due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Case reports.
AB  - Complicated infections caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      (PPNG) are uncommon. Of two patients with prostatitis due to PPNG, one was cured
      by cefoxitin followed by co-trimoxazole, the other by co-trimoxazole alone. The
      potential of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of PPNG-prostatitis looks promising.

PMID- 6812849
TI  - Quinolone derivative, flumequine, as short-term treatment for gonorrhoea.
AB  - The antigonococcal activity of the quinolone derivative flumequine was evaluated.
      Of 246 strains examined, 240 (97.5%) strains showed minimum inhibitory
      concentrations (MICs) of flumequine of less than or equal to 0.4 microgram/ml,
      including three beta-lactamase-producing strains. The six remaining strains
      showed MICs from 3.2 to 9.6 micrograms/ml. By disc diffusion tests using 3
      micrograms discs of flumequine the zones of growth inhibition correlated well
      with the MICs of flumequine. The effect of treatment with flumequine was compared
      in 239 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea. A single dose regimen of 1200 mg
      flumequine orally, a two-dose regimen of 1200 and 800 mg, and a three-dose
      regimen of 1200, 800, and 800 mg (six hours apart) were given. With a single dose
      of flumequine the failure rate was 26%. The two-dose and three-dose regimens were
      equally effective with an overall cure rate of 95.4%. In patients harbouring beta
      lactamase-producing gonococci the infection was cured. The failures (10 men)
      included all of the six patients infected with flumequine-resistant gonococci.
      Side effects were noted by 14.6% of the patients and were mostly described as
      dizziness.

PMID- 6812850
TI  - Development of a sub-picogram competitive protein-binding method for steroids.

PMID- 6812851
TI  - Overeating after midbrain 6-hydroxydopamine: prevention by central injection of
      selective catecholamine reuptake blockers.
AB  - Earlier research from this laboratory showed that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      injected into the ventral midbrain of rats causes overeating and the gradual
      development of obesity in association with extensive depletion of forebrain
      norepinephrine. It was proposed that depletion of norepinephrine or epinephrine
      was the cause of the behavioral abnormality. This was questioned on the basis of
      experiments showing that 6-OHDA can cause non-selective lesions and also that non
      selective neurotoxins can cause hyperphagia. To help resolve this question, the
      present experiments used 191 rats in 28 groups to test 3 doses of 6-OHDA and 3
      different pretreatments with reuptake blockers, amphetamine, desmethylimipramine
      and benztropine. The result of midbrain 6-OHDA alone was hyperphagia that was
      highly correlated with the dose. Pretreatment with intraperitoneal
      desmethylimipramine (DMI) caused gastric distress, and systemic amphetamine
      caused delayed overeating, but these unwanted side effects were avoided by
      injecting the drugs directly into the midbrain 15 min before the 6-OHDA. DMI and
      amphetamine partially prevented catecholamine depletion in the forebrain and
      totally prevented subsequent hyperphagia and obesity. Benztropine prevented
      dopamine depletion, but had no effect on hyperphagia. We conclude that some of
      the neurons protected by local injection of amphetamine and DMI are probably
      norepinephrine or epinephrine fibers that ascend through the ventral midbrain and
      have as one of their functions the inhibition of food intake. These neurons could
      also play a role in the control of body weight.

PMID- 6812853
TI  - Precentral unit activity correlated with angular components of a compound arm
      movement.

PMID- 6812852
TI  - The behavioural effects of intrahypothalamic multistage versus single injections
      of 6-hydroxydopamine.
AB  - 16 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine were injected bilaterally into the lateral
      hypothalamus of male Sprague-Dawley rats in either a single injection or in a
      series of multistage injections over a period of 75 days. While the single
      injection produced behavioural deficits typical of those seen following
      catecholamine depletion of the forebrain, the behaviour of animals injected
      incrementally with the same dose was indistinguishable from that of controls.
      Fluorescent histochemical assessment revealed that the animals in the multistage
      injection group, the behaviourally unimpaired, suffered more severe depletion of
      forebrain catecholamines than those in the single-stage injection group.
      Accumulation of amines proximal to the site of drug injection was extensive only
      in those animals displaying behavioural deficits, that is, the group with the
      lesser amount of forebrain catecholamine depletion. It is suggested that the
      severity of deficits in consummatory and motor behaviour occurring after
      hypothalamic trauma is determined by a lesion's effectiveness in producing amine
      accumulation rather than catecholamine depletion.

PMID- 6812854
TI  - Morphological observations on superficial medullary CO2--chemosensitive areas.
AB  - Physiological investigations have indicated that the ventrolateral surface of the
      medulla oblongata is involved in the chemical drive to respiration. In this
      investigation, light and electron microscopic investigations of the 3
      chemosensitive regions reveal the following. (1) Evaginations of the ventral
      surface abut the overlying pia mater thereby delimiting discrete compartments;
      invaginations of the surface delimit wide cisternae lined with basement membrane.
      Neuronal elements with numerous synapses, were found scattered among astrocytic
      processes of the marginal glia in intermediate and caudal chemosensitive areas
      Microvasculature are conspicuously absent from the marginal glia. Intramedullary
      vessels are surrounded by perivascular spaces and the endothelium shows zonulae
      occludentes at cell junctions. (2) Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the
      ventral surface diffused throughout the interstitial and perivascular
      compartments, into synaptic clefts and neuronal soma. Diffusion of HRP into blood
      vessels was blocked at zonulae occludentes. Following intravenous injection of
      HRP, no reaction product was found outside cerebral vasculature in chemosensitive
      areas. (3) In spontaneously breathing cats, 2% procaine applied to the caudal
      chemosensitive area resulted in respiratory depression which began with the
      second breath. It is proposed, that substances which stimulate or depress
      respiration, when applied to the ventral medullary surface, produce their effects
      on superficial neurons located in the intermediate and caudal chemosensitive
      areas after diffusion through interstitial spaces.

PMID- 6812855
TI  - Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the median eminence and neurointermediate
      lobe on the secretion of pituitary hormones in the male rat.

PMID- 6812857
TI  - Dipropylacetate-induced quasi-morphine abstinence behaviour in the rat:
      participation of the locus coeruleus system.

PMID- 6812856
TI  - Decreased sensitivity of rat pups to long-lasting dopamine and serotonin
      depletions produced by methylamphetamine.

PMID- 6812858
TI  - Sensorimotor impairments following localized kainic acid and 6-hydroxydopamine
      lesions of the neostriatum.
AB  - Rats received either control saline, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or kainic acid
      (KA) unilateral lesions of 5 different foci in the neostriatum. Both KA and 6
      OHDA lesions in the mid-ventral focus resulted in a substantial and prolonged
      impairment in sensorimotor orientation to contralateral stimuli. At all other
      placements 6-OHDA induced a temporary mild impairment, and KA had no detectable
      biasing effects. The results suggest that the neostriatum is topographically
      heterogeneous in the mediation of this particular aspect of sensorimotor
      performance.

PMID- 6812859
TI  - Acute effects of N-methyl-DL-aspartate on the release of pituitary gonadotropins
      and prolactin in the adult female rhesus monkey.
AB  - The acute effects of an aspartic acid analogue, N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMA), upon
      the release of several anterior pituitary hormones were examined in adult female
      rhesus monkeys. Intravenous injection of NMA (15 mg kg body weight) induced a
      large and rapid rise in plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle
      stimulating hormone, and prolactin. Thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations
      were not altered. Thus, in primates, as in rodents, systemically administered NMA
      is capable of eliciting pituitary hormone secretion, although the site of its
      action in the rhesus monkey remains to be established.

PMID- 6812861
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in T-and B
      lymphocytes of peripheral blood].

PMID- 6812860
TI  - Interactions between glucose and ketone body use by developing brain.

PMID- 6812862
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of blood gas values in chronic obstructive bronchitis].

PMID- 6812863
TI  - [Robert Koch and his bacillus. A report].

PMID- 6812865
TI  - [Effect of arachidonic acid on the secretion of milk caseins in vitro].
AB  - Arachidonic acid increases milk casein secretion in mammary gland slices. This
      stimulation is similar to prolactin stimulation. Aspirin, a prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitor, has no effect on prolactin or on arachidonic acid
      stimulation. Prostaglandin PGF2 alpha does not modify casein secretion. Therefore
      arachidonic acid stimulates casein secretion by metabolic products different from
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 6812864
TI  - [Characteristics of membrane and plasma proteins in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat].
AB  - The red blood cell membrane proteins and plasma proteins of normal and
      spontaneous hypertensive Rats were studied by uni- and bidimentional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amount of band 3 was observed to be
      significantly reduced in the red blood cell membrane of spontaneously
      hypertensive Rats. Plasma from these Rats contained two additional heatstable
      proteins, characterized by a molecular weight of 16,000 dalton and isoelectric
      points of 4.7 and 5.1. These changes may constitute biochemical changes
      genetically associated with hypertension.

PMID- 6812866
TI  - [Insulin dependence of pyruvate kinase M in isolated rat hepatocytes].
AB  - It was known that with dietary and hormonal conditions the level of hepatic L
      pyruvate kinase (LPK) varied greatly. By immunochemical method we demonstrate in
      vitro insulinodependence of MPK in isolated hepatocytes. In hepatocytes of fasted
      Rats this effect was time and concentration dependent, but proinsulin was
      ineffective.

PMID- 6812867
TI  - [Presence of a male sterility factor, Hst-2, segregating in interspecies crosses.
      M. musculus L. x M. spretus Lastaste and linked to Mod-1, and Mpi-1 on chromosome
      9].
AB  - F 1 hybrid males resulting from the interspecific cross Mus musculus L. X Mus
      spertus Lataste are sterile. The sterility depends on several independant genetic
      factors. Using a linkage analysis carried out with biochemical markers, we have
      been able to localize one of these designated Hst-2, close to Mod-1 on chromosome
      9.

PMID- 6812868
TI  - [Structural anomaly of the fibrin clot with reduction of lys-plasminogen binding,
      as a cause of familial thrombosis].

PMID- 6812869
TI  - [Phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 during maturation of Xenopus
      oocytes: identification of the phosphorylated amino acids].
AB  - The S6 protein from the small subunit of Xenopus oocytes in phosphorylated during
      progesterone-induced maturation. The identity of the amino acids phosphorylated
      in the S6 protein during this process has been established by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis followed by radioautography. The only phosphorylated amino acid
      we could detect is phosphoserine.

PMID- 6812870
TI  - [Role of the dorso-medical thalamus in the development of the adrenocortical
      response to acute stress in the pigeon].
AB  - Stress application elicited successive attenuating peaks of plasma corticosterone
      level occurring 14, 35, 60 and 90 min. later. Late peaks were suppressed after
      bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the nuclei dorsomedialis anterior
      thalami, resulting in a single peak (the first one) of corticosteronemia after
      stress application. It is suggested that reverberating adrenocortical response to
      stress depends upon interrelationships between the adrenocorticotropic
      hypothalamus and the anterior medio-dorsal thalamus.

PMID- 6812871
TI  - [Traumatic insemination and tubular egg receptacle in the pinworm parasite of the
      common domestic rabbit].
AB  - A morphological study of subgravid females of Passalurus ambiguus, pinworm of the
      domestical Rabbit, revealed two remarkable structures: - a tubular egg receptable
      formed from tissue of the ventral hypodermal cord in the vulvar region in which
      the total egg production of the female accumulates; - a hypodermal pocket beneath
      the cuticle in the vulvar region which is used during traumatic insemination, a
      phenomenon until now unknown in the Nemathelminthes. These structures might be
      explained as adaptations to the short lifespan of Oxyurid males. Thus, the
      clustering of eggs in the environment would increase the intensity of infection
      and therefore the chances of males finding mates. Similarly, the insemination of
      females before the vulva is formed might be favoured.

PMID- 6812872
TI  - [Physiologic and pharmacologic differences in 3 types of pyramidal cells
      identified by antidromic stimulation in the primary somatosensory cortex of the
      rat].
AB  - The physiological and pharmacological properties of three types of pyramidal
      neurons (pyramidal tract neurons, cortico-thalamic neurons and commissural
      neurons) identified by electrical antidromic stimulation were studied in the
      first somatic sensory cortex of the Rat. The laminar distribution of these
      neurons (as determined through histological reconstruction of the electrode
      tracks), their axonal conduction velocity, their sensitivity to iontophoretically
      applied acetylcholine and their ability to be driven by the stimulation of a
      peripheral somatic receptive field were shown to be different in the three
      groups. Some hypotheses are discussed, which could explain such differences.

PMID- 6812873
TI  - [Implication of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the mesencephalic central gray
      level, in the elaboration of flight responses].
AB  - In the rat, a microinjection of bicuculline methiodide (0.03 to 0.065 nmole) into
      the mesencephalic central gray (GC) provokes a flight response. At a lower dose,
      it reduces - or increases - the latency with which the rat switches off an
      electrical stimulation applied to the GC. This latency is regularly increased by
      a local microinjection of muscimol. These results suggest that a GABAergic link
      within the GC is involved in the generation of an aversive effect and of the
      flight response which may express it.

PMID- 6812874
TI  - [Factor analysis of the structure-activity relationship of di- and
      triphenylethylenes in 2 biochemical tests].
AB  - This paper deals with the study of biochemical activity, by means of
      correspondence analysis, of about fifty original molecules of di- and
      triphenylethylene structures. The pharmacological experiments were made on
      glutamate deshydrogenase and prostaglandine synthetase. A typology of several
      molecular groups is established and the effects of various substituents are
      specified.

PMID- 6812875
TI  - [Effect of a selective inhibitor of ribosomal RNA on induction of differentiation
      of the Friend cell].
AB  - The selective inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis toyocamycin, abolishes at very
      low concentrations, the erythroid differentiation of Friend cells when used under
      conditions where other inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis do not impede
      differentiation. Toyocamycin does not inhibit the synthesis of 16 S premessager
      RNA for globin, nor does it prevent splicing for mature 9 S globin messenger.
      Inhibition of differentiation might be explained by an effect at the translation
      level.

PMID- 6812876
TI  - [Morphine antagonizes the central hypotensive effect of clonidine in the
      anesthetized cat].
AB  - A dose of 1 microgram/kg of clonidine injected intracerebroventricularly (I.C.V.)
      in the normotensive anaesthetized Cat elicits a significant and long lasting drop
      in the mean arterial blood pressure (23 +/- 5 mmHg) and the heart rate (34 +/- 5
      beats/min.). A pretreatment with morphine (100 micrograms/kg, I.C.V.) completely
      prevents the central hypotensive effect of clonidine, whereas the bradycardia is
      only weakly influenced. Administered after clonidine, morphine reverses the
      hypotensive effect of clonidine whereas morphine does not affect its bradycardic
      action. These data demonstrate that morphine antagonizes the central hypotensive
      effect of clonidine.

PMID- 6812877
TI  - [Inhibition of insulin secretion of mouse pancreatic cells by T lymphocytes of
      insulin-dependent diabetics].
AB  - We previously showed that circulating lymphocytes from more than 90% of insulin
      dependent diabetics, block extra insulin secretion induced by stimulatory media
      in mouse pancreatic cells in vitro, without altering the secretion of glucagon.
      The present work demonstrates that this phenomenon depends on lymphocytes having
      the OKT3 marker, i.e., thymodependent lymphocytes. However, OKT4+ T helper cells
      are not required for the above phenomenon as proved by experiments using
      monoclonal sera against the OKT4 marker. When diabetes is associated with other
      autoimmune diseases, the pancreatic lymphocyte cytotoxicity observed in vitro is
      inhibited by the addition of a normal lymphocyte population; this could indicate
      that a "suppressor" factor is lacking in these patients. Conversely, addition of
      normal lymphocytes does not prevent lymphocyte cytotoxicity in diabetics without
      associated autoimmune diseases. Such a difference confirms the present trend to
      make a distinction between these two categories of diabetes.

PMID- 6812878
TI  - [Effect of specific inhibition of DNA replication by aphidicolin on primary
      differentiation of preimplantation mouse embryos].
AB  - Aphidicolin inhibits cleavage at every stage of preimplantation of Mouse embryos
      without affecting compaction. Blastulation is initiated only if the treatment is
      applied at the late 8-cell stage. It is concluded that the S phase of the 4th
      cell cycle might be critical for the commitment of the embryo for blastocyst
      formation. The 4th cycle thus corresponds to a "quantal cell cycle". Moreover,
      aphidicolin induces premature cavitation which occurs even when the embryos have
      not yet initiated cytokinesis.

PMID- 6812879
TI  - [Consequences of pulpectomy followed by canal obturation on the renewal of
      periodontal ligament in the baboon (Papio papio)].
AB  - Endodontic root filling following pulpectomy in Baboons was shown to induce
      diphasic consequences at the level of the periodontal ligament according to the
      time of the observation. Initially the specific activity of previously
      incorporated 3H Glycine decreased and the weight of extractible ligament
      increased at the same time. Later on, the turnover slowed down and, unexpectedly,
      the weight of the extractible ligament decreased. This could be explained since
      the periodotal ligament was shown to exhibit a transient inflammatory reaction
      followed initially by a tissue accretion and progressively by a partial
      amputation of the ligament volume compensated by an excess of bone deposit on the
      surface of the alveolar bone socket.

PMID- 6812880
TI  - [Estrogen secretion by the chick embryo ovary after taxomifen treatment].
AB  - The question was posed whether tamoxifen, an anti-oestrogen had any effect on the
      oestrogen secretion by the Chick embryo ovary. The synthesis of oestrone and
      oestradiol from radiolabelled progesterone was taken as a measure of oestrogen
      secretion, and it was found that there was no variation. The structural changes
      observed by Salzgeber, Reyss-Brion and Baulieu [1] and by Scheib and Baulieu [2]
      may be explained by the action of tamoxifen on effector cells.

PMID- 6812881
TI  - [Immunoreactive neuropeptides in cell lines derived from nervous and non nervous
      tissues].
AB  - Immunoreactive neuropeptides have been found in cells of permanent lines
      originating from nervous (cerebellum, retina) and non nervous (mesenchyme,
      kidney, bladder, colon, lung, melanocyte) tissues. The pattern of neuropeptides
      varied from one cell type to another, but all the cell lines studied contained
      immunoreactive alpha-endorphin and methionin-enkephalin.

PMID- 6812882
TI  - [Realization of anterior symelia by direct action on the chick embryo].
AB  - Cadmium acetate in acid solution (pH 5,8) is deposited on 42 hrs. old Chick
      embryos. This treatment determines the appearance of strophosomy, sometimes
      accompanied by anterior symelia. This monstrosity seems to be a secondary effect
      of strophosomy.

PMID- 6812884
TI  - [Enhancement by sodium butyrate of the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate on
      leukemic cells].
AB  - Sodium butyrate at a concentration of 1 x 10(-3) M or lower seems to decrease the
      rate of cellular proliferation through the cell cycle in G 1 phase. This effect
      makes them more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of moderate doses of
      methotrexate.

PMID- 6812883
TI  - [NMR study of fixation of sodium cations to bovine Gla protein].
AB  - Decalcified bovine Gla protein binds sodium cations on the three gamma
      carboxylglutamic (Gla) residues. Sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance serves to
      determine the correlation time tau c of bound sodium ions. Its value (tau c = 2.5
      ns) matches the reorientational correlation time of the protein (tau R = 2.6 ns).

PMID- 6812885
TI  - [Posttrial injections of corticosterone in dorsal hippocampus of the BALB/c mouse
      facilitate extinction of appetitive operant conditioning in the Skinner box].
AB  - Corticosterone was injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus of BALB/c
      Mice immediately after the first extinction session of an operant conditioning in
      a Skinner box. Compared with the control animals the Mice that received 1 or 0.1
      microgram corticosterone exhibited 24 hrs. later, faster extinction of this
      conditioning. With a 0.01 microgram dose of corticosterone in each hippocampus we
      obtained an accelerated extinction during the session. These data suggest that
      corticosterone modulates hippocampal mechanisms involved in memory processes.

PMID- 6812886
TI  - [Isolation of a monokine with a macrophage replacing activity for the induction
      of the antibody response to sheep red blood cells in vitro].
AB  - Macrophages are required for the induction of the immune response in vitro; it is
      known, however, that in the case of a particulate antigen such as red blood
      cells, macrophages can be replaced by a culture supernatant obtained from
      peritoneal cells. In the present paper we have studied the compound responsible
      for this activity, and compared it with the monokine Interleukine 1 obtained from
      activated macrophages: it has a different molecular weight: 35 K instead of 15 K
      and, in contrast with Interleukine 1, this compound is without effect on the
      proliferation of thymocytes.

PMID- 6812888
TI  - [Vital cycle, mitotic capacity, and genomic restoration].
AB  - We define a theoretical model for clonal reproduction and we describe how the
      accumulation of mutations induces an ineluctable decline of the "mitotic
      capacity". During the vital cycle of organisms, meiosis and fecundation may have
      the function of making up for this fall. This should allow us to understand the
      temporal structure or the sexualisation of the vital cycle as well as some
      peculiarities of the spatial structure of the genome.

PMID- 6812887
TI  - [Relationship between red blood cell magnesium level and immune response in the
      mouse].
AB  - Red Blood cell (RBC) and plasma (P) Magnesium concentrations have been determined
      by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on male Mice belonging to various inbred
      strains: High and low responders and H-2 congenic. The antibody (Ab) levels have
      also been measured 10 days after injecting a threshold quantity of Sheep red
      cells. The strains with a high Ab response exhibit lower RBC Mg concentrations
      than those having a low response. Similar results, but less significant, are
      obtained for PMg. These findings confirm those previously obtained in Men. They
      suggest, moreover, the action of various genetic factors on this phenomenon, some
      of them being possibly associated with the major complex of histocompatibility.

PMID- 6812889
TI  - [Single unit activity in the nucleus ectomamillaris (nem) during optokinetic
      nystagmus, in the pigeon].
AB  - Extra-cellular recordings of single units were obtained in the nucleus
      ectomamillaris (nEM) in waking Pigeons, during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). OKN
      was obtained for 8 directions of stimulation (horizontal, vertical and oblique)
      in monocular and binocular vision. For half of the units the responses were
      synchronized, showing activation during the slow-phase and inhibition during the
      fast phase of the OKN. This response pattern was more common for the horizontal
      OKN, both in the Nasal to Temporal (N-T) and in the Temporal-to-Nasal (T-N)
      directions. With contralateral stimulations, most cells showed directional
      selective responses for upwards and backwards directions, the activity being
      inhibited for the other directions. Some units showed a less marked directional
      selectivity or were unaffected by the stimulations. Ipsilateral stimulations
      provoked no directional selectivity, but rather a reduction of the firing level.
      With binocular stimulation, responses were very close to those obtained with
      contralateral stimulation, with an increase of the directional selectivity. The
      nEM seems to be involved in the control of OKN, specially for the N-T and upwards
      directions, and less significantly for the T-N direction.

PMID- 6812890
TI  - [True plasmodial forms exist in Bonamia ostreae, a pathogen of the european flat
      oyster Ostrea edulis].
AB  - Research on the cycle of B. ostreae, a parasite which is responsible for the flat
      Oyster epizooty in Brittany (France), has allowed us to describe true plasmodial
      parasitic forms. This result confirms the appartenance of B. ostreae to the
      Haplosporidian group and definitely discards it from Marteilia.

PMID- 6812891
TI  - Cancer excision from eyelids and ocular adnexa: the Mohs fresh tissue technique
      and reconstruction.

PMID- 6812892
TI  - The current outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections.
AB  - The data suggest that: The recent outbreak of KS and PCP is a single epidemic,
      that of immunosuppression among homosexual men and drug abusers. The public
      health significance of this epidemic is probably underestimated, and clinicians
      should be alert to more subtle indications of immunosuppression, such as nonfatal
      opportunistic infections, unexplained lymphadenopathy, or other tumors.
      Opportunities to clarify the relationships between the environment, immunology,
      cancer, and infections make this outbreak scientifically important. The sudden
      and highly focal occurrence of these illnesses among homosexual men and drug
      addicts suggests a potential for their prevention if risk factors or etiologic
      agent(s) can be identified. The staggering morbidity and mortality associated
      with this outbreak dictate immediate concerted efforts to identify risk factors.

PMID- 6812894
TI  - Biopsy procedure for breast cancer.

PMID- 6812893
TI  - Classics in Oncology. Idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin by
      Kaposi.

PMID- 6812895
TI  - Pancreatic cancer and coffee.

PMID- 6812896
TI  - Retinoblastoma.

PMID- 6812897
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 6812898
TI  - Fecal occult blood testing.

PMID- 6812899
TI  - California breast cancer law.

PMID- 6812900
TI  - Breast cancer study.

PMID- 6812902
TI  - [Histoplasmosis in south Guangxi (report of 5 cases)].

PMID- 6812901
TI  - [Characteristics of antral G-cell in patients with peptic ulcer--an electron
      microscopic and immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 6812903
TI  - [Changes in prostaglandin synthesis during the senescence of human embryo lung
      fibroblasts in vitro].

PMID- 6812904
TI  - [Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of favism].

PMID- 6812905
TI  - [A retrospective investigation on the incidence of hydatidiform mole in 20,548
      fertile women].

PMID- 6812906
TI  - [Oxygen therapy in newborn].

PMID- 6812907
TI  - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with peroxidase protein A in the
      diagnosis of schistosomiasis].

PMID- 6812908
TI  - [Clinical study on the use of artemether in treating pernicious malaria].

PMID- 6812909
TI  - [Long-term follow-up observations on 502 cases of schistosomiasis japonica
      treated by praziquantel].

PMID- 6812910
TI  - [Double-sinus overlapping rhythm in bicephalic double-heart deformity].

PMID- 6812911
TI  - [Foreign body in the esophagus complicated by aorto-esophageal fistula (with a
      case report of surgical cure)].

PMID- 6812912
TI  - [Replantation of severed fingers in infants (with 2 case reports of severance of
      4 fingers from one hand)].

PMID- 6812913
TI  - [Toxic retrobulbar optic neuritis caused by nitrogen oxides].

PMID- 6812914
TI  - [Emergency treatment of hernia cerebri--reduction of hernia cerebri by latero
      ventricular puncture and pneumorachis].

PMID- 6812915
TI  - [The anticoagulant effects of defibrinogenase in the normal human body].

PMID- 6812916
TI  - [Clinical report on 333 cases of obstructive vascular diseases treated with
      defibrinogenase].

PMID- 6812917
TI  - [Preventive effects of defibrinogenase on experimental thrombosis in rats].

PMID- 6812918
TI  - [Thrombolytic effects of defibrinogenase on experimental pulmonary embolism in
      rabbits].

PMID- 6812919
TI  - [Tegumental changes of tapeworms caused by agrimonolide under scanning electron
      microscopy].

PMID- 6812920
TI  - [A clinical study on optokinetic nystagmus].

PMID- 6812921
TI  - [The clinical effects of medical anti-shock trousers on acute upper
      gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage].

PMID- 6812922
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes before and after valve replacement].

PMID- 6812923
TI  - [Experimental study on M-mode echocardiographic measurement of the aortic
      calibre].

PMID- 6812924
TI  - [Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass in the treatment of cerebral ischemia
      (with clinical analysis of 100 cases)].

PMID- 6812925
TI  - [Clinical therapeutic effects of compound "Xiaolijun" in treating acute and
      chronic bacillary dysentery and in its bacillicidal effects in vitro].

PMID- 6812926
TI  - [Clinical report of 92 cases of acute poisoning by decomposed organofluotic
      plastics].

PMID- 6812927
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of allotransplanted kidneys--report of 6 cases].

PMID- 6812928
TI  - [Clinical study on the treatment of lupus erythematosus with Artemisia apiacea
      Hce].

PMID- 6812929
TI  - [Clinical application of permanent magnetic foreign-body attractor].

PMID- 6812930
TI  - [Simplified vaginoplasty].

PMID- 6812931
TI  - Dose requirement of local anaesthetic to produce grand mal seizure during
      stellate ganglion block.
AB  - Two case reports illustrate that low doses of local anaesthetics such as
      bupivacaine 2.5 mg and a mixture of bupivacaine 1.25 mg and lidocaine 5 mg can
      induce grand mal seizures if injected into the vertebral artery during stellate
      ganglion block. The effect of the dose of local anaesthetic agent and technique
      of administration into the stellate ganglion region discussed as is the
      relationship between vertebral artery blood flow and cerebral intravascular local
      anaesthetic concentration required to produce seizure activity. Suggestions are
      made concerning possible modification of the technique of anterior approach to
      the stellate ganglion, including test dose size, to reduce the incidence of
      inadvertent injection into the vertebral artery and subsequent central nervous
      system toxicity.

PMID- 6812932
TI  - Alpha-amanitin resistance in three wild strains of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Three wild strains of D. melanogaster have been identified which are resistant to
      normally lethal levels of the fungal toxin, alpha-amanitin. Dietary LD50S for
      Oregon-R, the reference strain, and Ama-KTT, Ama-MI and Ama-KLM, the resistant
      strains, are 1.2, 35, 30 and 10 micrograms alpha-amanitin/vial, respectively.
      Resistance in all three strains is a digenic trait, being determined by two
      independently acting dominant genes, Ama-1, Ama-2, either of which is sufficient
      to confer resistance and which are located at approximately 18.8 and 100.7,
      respectively, on chromosome 3. Resistance to alpha-amanitin in all three strains
      is apparently not mediated by modification of RNA polymerase form II nor by
      failure of toxin transport or by toxin inactivation.

PMID- 6812933
TI  - Alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway as an index of exposure to toxins.
AB  - Under normal circumstances the heme biosynthetic pathway is carefully controlled
      and porphyrins are formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are
      disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins may be formed and serve as a signal of the
      interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme biosynthetic pathway. For example,
      porphyrinuria was an early manifestation of a hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria
      outbreak in Turkey. In humans exposed to polybrominated biphenyls and to 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin the urinary porphyrin pattern was significantly
      different from normal in a large number of exposed individuals. The question is
      raised whether measurement of urinary porphyrin profiles by improved methods will
      enable an estimate to be made of the extent of exposure to haloaromatic
      hydrocarbons in the human population. A wide variety of xenobiotics interact with
      the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 forming novel N-alkylporphyrins.
      Identification of these N-alkylporphyrins in body fluids might provide a means of
      assessing exposure to a variety of xenobiotics in human populations.

PMID- 6812934
TI  - Halogenated biphenyls: molecular toxicology.
AB  - The biologic and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are remarkably
      dependent on their structure. The most toxic PCBs, namely 3,3',4,4'-tetra-,
      3,3',4,4',5-penta- and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl are substituted in at
      least one meta and para position on both phenyl rings (i.e., the lateral
      positions) and contain no ortho-chloro substituents. These three congeners and a
      fourth PCB, namely 3,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl, are approximate isostereomers of
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and, in common with TCDD, induce
      hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in rats
      and rat hepatoma cells in culture. The mono-ortho substituted analogs of the four
      laterally substituted PCBs also induce microsomal AHH activity and simultaneously
      enhance microsomal enzyme activities which are inducible by phenobarbitone (PB).
      This group of PCBs exhibits many of the properties of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related
      polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; there is a close parallel in the relative
      potencies of these PCBs for AHH induction and their binding affinities for the Ah
      receptor protein and some of these PCBs are also toxic. Preliminary studies on
      other halogenated biphenyls confirm that the polarizability of a lateral
      substituent is an important factor in their activity as AHH inducers (i.e., I
      greater than Br greater than Cl greater than F). However, preliminary results
      with other substituted halogenated biphenyls suggest that additional structural
      factors are also important in determining the activity of these compounds.

PMID- 6812935
TI  - Effects of potassium and chloride on the membrane potentials of P815 mastocytoma
      tumor cells.
AB  - The steady-state transmembrane potentials of P815 mastocytoma cells were recorded
      when the cells were bathed in salines of different compositions. In the normal
      growth medium (RPMI 1640 with added fetal calf serum) the mean membrane potential
      was -8.7 mV (SEM +/- 0.4, n = 22). A family of Tris-buffered salines (TBS),
      modeled from Dulbecco's modified PBS (289 mosmol, 169 milliionic strength units,
      pH 7.5), having different K+ and different C1- concentrations, were designed and
      used to bathe the tumor cells. All of the TBS solutions had constant, but reduced
      levels of ionized Ca2+. In the absence of external C1-, an increase of external
      K+ from 2 to 20 mM results in a 5.7 mV depolarization. In the presence of
      external C1- the same increase in external K+ results in a 2.1 mV depolarization.
      The presence of 145 mM C1- resulted in a steady-state depolarization (for either
      level of K) of about 50%. One explanation for these results would be the presence
      of an inward-going active C1- transport.

PMID- 6812936
TI  - Investigation of the membrane-fluidizing properties of porphyrin-inducing drugs.
AB  - The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that porphyrin-inducing
      drugs act at least in part by disrupting membrane lipids. The porphyrin-inducing
      steroids, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione (alfaxalone) and 3 alpha
      hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one induce considerably greater fluidity changes in
      spin-labelled phospholipid-cholesterol bilayers than do the corresponding 3 beta
      hydroxy steroids which are also less potent as porphyrin inducers. The steroids
      did not cause any significant change in spin-labelled vesicles lacking
      cholesterol. The porphyrin-inducing compound 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro
      2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and a series of analogues caused fluidity changes in
      phospholipid bilayers in the presence and absence of cholesterol. The porphyrin
      inducing nonplanar 2,2',4,4'-6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl caused a significant change
      in bilayer fluidity in phospholipid bilayers in the presence and absence of
      cholesterol. Since the planar 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl,
      allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), and griseofulvin are potent porphyrin-inducing
      compounds, but do not fluidize a lipid bilayer, it was clear that the original
      hypothesis required modification. No evidence could be obtained to support the
      idea that a subset of porphyrin-inducing drugs exists which are membrane
      fluidizers and whose common mechanism of action as porphyrin-inducers might be
      revealed by a common pattern of porphyrin accumulation in chick embryo liver
      cells. It is suggested that those porphyrin-inducing compounds with membrane
      fluidizing properties might fluidize the nuclear membrane, thus facilitating the
      transfer of an induction specific RNA for delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
      from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6812937
TI  - Coronary artery compliance in the dog.
AB  - Measurement of left anterior descending coronary arterial pressure, phasic
      coronary flow, and intramyocardial pressure in an open-chest dog provided data,
      which when entered into the computer model of the coronary circulation, permitted
      calculation of coronary artery compliance and resistance during systole and
      diastole. Resting in vivo compliance averaged 0.21 x 10(-3) mL/mmHg (1 mmHg =
      133.322 Pa) while systolic resistance averaged 4.05 mmHg X min-1 X mL-1 and
      during diastole 2.06 mmHg X min-1 X mL-1. Left stellate ganglion stimulation or
      vasodilation caused minimal changes in compliance but glutaraldehyde applied to
      arterial wall caused a decrease in compliance. Sympathetic stimulation and
      vasodilation decreased both diastolic and systolic resistance. Transmural
      distribution of coronary flow was not significantly altered by the experimental
      changes in compliance and resistance.

PMID- 6812938
TI  - Estradiol-17 beta and androgen secretion by isolated porcine ovarian follicular
      cells in vitro.
AB  - The cellular sources and gonadotropic regulation of porcine ovarian estrogen and
      androgen were assessed by culturing isolated granulosa cells and thecal cells
      from medium size follicles (4-6 mm diameter) separately for 24 h in a chemically
      defined medium containing gonadotropins and (or) testosterone. At the end of the
      culture period, estradiol-17 beta (estradiol) and androgens in the media were
      determined by radioimmunoassays. Production of estradiol by granulosa cells
      without an exogenous aromatizable androgen was low in the absence or presence of
      a highly purified preparation of either follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH. 0.25
      microgram/mL) or luteinizing hormone (LH. 1 microgram/mL). Addition of
      testosterone or androstenedione (0.5 microM), but not dihydrotestosterone or
      pregnenolone, significantly increased estradiol secretion. Additional increases
      were observed when FSH, LH, prostaglandin E2, or dibutyryl cyclic 3'.5'-adenosine
      monophosphate was present. Production of estradiol by thecal cells was low in the
      presence or absence of exogenous testosterone, and was essentially unaffected by
      the presence of gonadotropins. Thecal cells, however, released large amounts of
      androstenedione and smaller amounts of testosterone and other androgens during 24
      h culture and the production of these androgens was stimulated by LH but not by
      FSH. Androgen secretion by granulosa cells was negligible when compared with the
      theca and was unaffected by gonadotropins. It is concluded that the theca is the
      prime site for follicular androgen biosynthesis by the porcine ovarian follicle,
      and, upon LH stimulation, may provide androgen precursors for estradiol
      production by granulosa cells.

PMID- 6812939
TI  - Opposite views on health costs or eight characters in search of harmony.

PMID- 6812940
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy progressing to immunoblastic lymphoma with
      prominent gastric involvement.
AB  - Two unusual cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia
      (AILD), with progression to immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) and prominent gastric
      involvement are presented, and detailed immunohistologic studies described. In
      one case, Bence Jones proteinuria of the kappa type was observed during the
      course of AILD and was identified immunohistochemically in lymph node biopsy
      specimens and at autopsy. The potential significance of an M component and the
      importance of recognizing gastric involvement by AILD are discussed.

PMID- 6812942
TI  - Lithium therapy: a group approach to patient education.

PMID- 6812941
TI  - Plasma cell myeloma in a patient with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 6812943
TI  - The inhibition of urease and proteases by sodium saccharin.
AB  - Sodium saccharin, at concentrations similar to those in the urine of rats fed 1
      5% sodium saccharin in their diet, markedly inhibited urease, and 3 proteases in
      vitro and sodium ion did not appear to play a role in enzyme inhibition. These
      observations suggest that enzyme inhibition of any of a large number of enzymes
      may play a role in the tumorigenesis of the urinary bladder by saccharin.

PMID- 6812944
TI  - The chronic effects of magenta, paramagenta and phenyl-beta-naphthylamine in rats
      after intragastric administration.

PMID- 6812945
TI  - Covalent binding of photo-oxidized benz[alpha] anthracene and related
      carcinogenic hydrocarbons to protein.
AB  - Carcinogenic hydrocarbons benz[alpha] anthracene (BA), 7,12-dimethyl-BA (DMBA)
      and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), bound non-covalently to bovine serum albumin
      (BSA), are photo-oxidized and become covalently bound to the protein as a result
      of irradiation at 365 nm. BSA with covalently-bound hydrocarbon photoproducts can
      be isolated by SDS-gel filtration after repeated ether extraction. In this photo
      oxidation, BA and DMBA are converted apparently to phenanthrene-type products
      together with some other photoproduct in the case of BA, whereas MC produced a
      naphthalene-like photoproduct and an intact molecule bound to BSA. Our findings
      suggest that these hydrocarbons can undergo photo-activation and macromolecular
      binding as in metabolic activation.

PMID- 6812946
TI  - Therapy of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinomas with
      combinations of 5-fluorouracil and 2 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether a combination of a
      cytotoxic drug with a sex hormone would provide efficacious therapy for mammary
      carcinomas. Established, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary
      carcinomas were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) and 2 alpha
      methyldihydrotestosterone propionate (MDTP) for 4 weeks. At end of therapy,
      pooled data showed 21% of the tumors in complete remission (CR) in rats given 5
      FUra at 17.5 mg/kg/day and 3% in those given 8 mg/kg/day. Administration of MDTP
      at 1.25 to 5 mg/kg/day yielded 15 to 48% tumor CR. The combination of 5-FUra at
      17.5 mg/kg/day with MDTP at 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg/day induced, respectively, 96,
      91, and 75% CR. Maxima of 100, 100, and 92% CR were obtained in single tests at
      these respective doses. Therapy with combinations of 5-FUra at 8 mg/day and MDTP
      at 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg/day yielded, respectively, 69 and 61% tumor CR. Appearance
      of new tumors during and after therapy was controlled more effectively by
      combinations of the two agents. Analysis of percentage of tumor CR showed marked
      synergism for 5-FUra and MDTP. A second course of combination therapy effectively
      prolonged duration of CR. Therapy with the cytotoxic drug 5-FUra in combination
      with the androgen analog MDTP is highly efficacious against induced mammary
      carcinomas.

PMID- 6812947
TI  - Stimulation of fibronectin production by retinoic acid in mouse skin tumors.

PMID- 6812948
TI  - Effect of carcinogen dose on the dynamics of neoplastic development in rat
      tracheal epithelium.

PMID- 6812949
TI  - Peroxidase content in cell subpopulations of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
      induced mammary tumors in rats.
AB  - Peroxidase has been investigated as a potential marker protein for the prediction
      of response to hormonal therapy in tumors of steroid-sensitive tissues, but the
      cellular origin of the enzyme has been questioned. To localize the observed
      peroxidase activity, in this study cell subpopulations were isolated from mammary
      tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and from mammary tissue of
      virgin and lactating female rats. Cells from each of the four cell bands,
      regularly obtained by isopyknic velocity sedimentation after mechanical and
      enzymatic dispersion of these tissues, were assayed biochemically and
      histochemically for peroxidase activity. In addition, cells from each
      subpopulation were examined at both the light and electron microscopic levels.
      Elevated enzyme levels were observed in each of the cell subpopulations of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors when these were compared with tissue in
      either of the physiological states assayed. In each tissue type, the levels of
      peroxidase increased from the lighter cell bands to the heavier cell bands. Light
      and electron microscopic examination revealed the highest proportion of
      epithelial cells in the lighter bands and an increase in granulocytes and
      fibroblasts in the heavier bands, suggesting a nonepithelial contribution.
      Histochemical examination of intact tissue revealed most peroxidase activity in
      the stromal compartment with limited activity in parenchymal cells.

PMID- 6812950
TI  - Ultrastructure and fatty acid composition of fatty acid-modified Morris 7777
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - Morris 7777 hepatoma cells, maintained in culture for 5 days in Lewis medium
      supplemented with 0.1 to 0.35 mM cis-unsaturated fatty acid of the oleic (number
      of carbon atoms: number of double bonds, 18:1), linoleic (18:2), or arachidonic
      (20:4) type, were compared to similarly maintained, unsupplemented cells as to
      ultrastructure and fatty acid composition. The cells of unsupplemented cultures
      were distinguished by their spherical shape, multilobated nuclei, large nucleoli,
      and distribution of chromatin. Cellular extensions in the form of pseudopodia and
      filopodia along with junctional complexes and structures resembling bile
      canaliculi were evident. The cytoplasmic matrix and cellular organelles appeared
      normal in morphology. The ultrastructure of fatty acid-supplemented cells
      differed from unsupplemented hepatoma cells in cell size, location of the
      nucleus, abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lipid droplets,
      mitochondrial abnormalities, redistribution of cytoplasmic fibrils, and
      plasmalemmal extensions. Supplemented cells contained lipid droplets varying in
      number from a optimum of six to a maximum of greater than 70. The size of these
      lipid droplets varied from 0.57 +/- 0.34 (S.D.) micrometers for oleic, 1.22 +/-
      0.67 micrometers for linoleic, and 0.91 +/- 0.46 micrometers for arachidonic acid
      supplemented cells. Variation in the ultrastructure of supplemented cells was
      also evident. Cytoplasmic vesiculation appeared more frequently and was more
      prominent in the linoleic acid-supplemented cells. Alterations in the number of
      surface specializations and nuclear morphology were more pronounced in the
      arachidonic acid-supplemented cells. Occasional swelling, loss of matrix density,
      and dilated cristae were evident in mitochondria of oleic acid-supplemented
      cells. The neutral and phospholipid fractions of arachidonic acid-supplemented
      cells differed from the unsupplemented cells in the concentrations of 14:0, 15:0,
      16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:3, 20:4, 22:5, and 22:6 fatty acids.
      The most significant change was detected in the higher level, 26- or 8-fold, of
      fatty acids 20:3 omega 6 and 22:6 in the phospholipid fraction of arachidonic
      acid-supplemented cells.

PMID- 6812951
TI  - Purification and immunological characterization of human pancreatic ribonuclease.
AB  - Three alkaline RNases were purified from human pancreatic juice to near
      homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate and native polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoreses. The molecular weights of these RNases determined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis were 27,000, 19,000, and 13,000. The activities
      of these three RNases were increased by addition of Mg2+, Ca2+, Co2+, K+, Na+,
      spermine, and spermidine and decreased by the addition of heparin, Cu2+, and
      Zn2+. These RNases showed higher hydrolytic activity toward polycytidylic acid
      than toward polyguanylic acid, polyuridylic acid, or polyadenylic acid. The three
      human pancreatic RNases were immunologically identical but differed from human
      liver RNase, as shown by Ouchterlony double-diffusion test. Radioimmunoassay of
      human pancreatic RNase showed that immunologically similar RNases are present in
      human saliva, and serum.

PMID- 6812952
TI  - Purification and properties of antibodies having specificity for the carbohydrate
      moieties of synthetic glycoconjugates.
AB  - Three types of antibodies having specificity for carbohydrate moieties of
      glycoconjugate antigens have been isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized
      with vaccines of beta-D-glucosyl-bovine serum albumin, beta-D-galactosyl-bovine
      serum albumin, or beta-lactosyl-bovine serum albumin. The antibodies were
      isolated by affinity chromatography on adsorbents bearing appropriate
      carbohydrate ligands. The antibody types are specific for the beta-D-glucosyl,
      beta-D-galactosyl, or beta-lactosyl groups of the synthetic glycoconjugates. The
      specificities have been established by data on hapten-inhibition, agar-diffusion,
      periodate-oxidation, and affinity-chromatography experiments. Each antibody type
      is of the IgG class of immunoglobulins and is of uniform molecular size, with
      molecular weight of 1.5 X 10(5). Data from gel-isoelectrofocusing experiments
      showed that each preparation of antibodies, although specific for identical
      determinant groups of the same antigen, nevertheless consisted of a set of
      different proteins. The anti-D-glucose antibodies consisted of five proteins, the
      anti-D-galactose antibodies of eleven proteins, and the anti-lactose antibodies
      of seventeen proteins. The suggestion has been made earlier that the members of
      such a set of antibodies, in which each member is induced by the same determinant
      group of an antigen and each member combines with this group in the precipitin
      reaction, be called isoantibodies.

PMID- 6812953
TI  - [Problems in extrapolating experimental data from animal to man].

PMID- 6812954
TI  - [Attempts to transfer experimental data between various types of animal and man].

PMID- 6812955
TI  - Time-dependent effects of removal of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland on
      toad epidermal cell and tissue kinetic parameters.

PMID- 6812956
TI  - Electron-microscopic and morphometric study of vesiculation in the epithelial
      cell layer of the toad urinary bladder. Effect of antidiuretic hormone.
AB  - Basolateral vesicles are apparent in mitochondria-rich, granular and basal cells
      of the epithelium of unstimulated toad urinary bladder. Such vesicles are smooth
      walled rather than coated. Because of the number of these vesicles, we decided to
      investigate the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on this vesicle population
      during the hydroosmotic response. Both glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde-osmium
      tetroxide fixation procedures, as well as electron-microscopic morphometric
      techniques were utilized. Fifteen min after the administration of AVP in the
      presence of an osmotic gradient, the intracellular area occupied by basolateral
      vesicles was increased approximately threefold when compared to unstimulated
      control hemibladders (0.92 +/- 0.15% vs: 2.67 +/- 0.39%). The intracellular
      nature of the majority of these vesicles was confirmed by experiments utilizing
      lanthanum as an electron-dense tracer. It is hypothesized that this vesicular
      activity may be involved in water movement across the tissue after hormone
      treatment.

PMID- 6812957
TI  - Endocytotic uptake of cationized ferritin tracer into glomus cells dissociated
      from the adult rat carotid body.
AB  - Glomus cells from carotid bodies of adult rats dissociated by means of
      collagenase or collagenase + trypsin were used to study by electron microscopy
      the endocytotic uptake of cationized ferritin (CF) tracer into subcellular
      compartments. The glomus cells were incubated with the tracer (1) in a basic salt
      medium (BM), or (2) in the BM into which calcium ionophore A23187 had been added,
      or (3) in a potassium-rich medium. Incubation of the cells in BM containing CF
      for 30 min resulted in attachment of the tracer to the cell membrane and uptake
      of a few solitary tracer particles into small vesicles and multivesicular bodies.
      No uptake into the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. Further
      incubation in BM containing CF for another 30 min resulted in increased uptake of
      the tracer into small vesicles and multivesicular bodies. A similar pattern of
      uptake was observed when the dissociated glomus cells were first preincubated in
      BM with CF for 30 min and then incubated for 1 min or 30 min in the BM solution
      containing both the ionophore and CF. Upon such incubation, CF particles were
      seen to penetrate into coated pits and sites of exocytosis at the cell surface.
      When the 30-min preincubation in BM was followed by incubation in a CF-containing
      potassium-rich medium for 15-30 min, uptake into vesicles, small lysosomes and
      occasionally also into profiles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was seen.
      Endocytotic mechanisms of the glomus cells are outlined.

PMID- 6812959
TI  - The three-dimensional reticular structure of the pig spleen demonstrated by
      labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate.
AB  - Pig spleens were selectively perfused with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)
      containing medium. Histological sections of spleens excised one day later
      revealed the structure of the reticulum in thick cryostat sections directly in
      three dimensions. The pattern of the reticulum in silver impregnated sections was
      comparable to the FITC labelling pattern. This technique preferentially outlines
      the reticulum of the white pulp and the marginal zone of the spleen.

PMID- 6812958
TI  - The relationship between the folliculo-stellate network and the thyrotropic cells
      of the avian adenohypophysis.
AB  - The folliculo-stellate network of the avian adenohypophysis consists of stellate
      cells surrounding colloid-containing follicular cavities into which cilia and
      microvilli project. Other identifying criteria are agranularity, junctional
      complexes at the apical pole, presence of cytoplasmic processes ramifying between
      adjacent secretory cells, and close appositions of plasma membranes linking
      folliculo-stellate cells and presumptive thyrotropic cells. Transmission electron
      microscopy reveals that TRH and L-DOPA induce simultaneous ultrastructural
      changes in the folliculo-stellate network and in the thyrotropic cells. TRH
      transforms at cell of the cephalic lobe into a highly hypertrophic cell in which
      enlargement of cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum containing secretory
      granules, development of a large Golgi complex, presence of newly synthesized
      secretory granules, and granulation of the cytoplasm are the main features. In
      the meantime, the follicular cavities become dilated by large amounts of
      homogeneous colloid. The administration of L-DOPA also leads to the development
      of dilated cisterns in presumptive thyrotropic cells of the cephalic lobe.
      Intracisternal granules, immature secretory granules, and large Golgi complexes,
      however, are not observed. Degranulation of the cytoplasm is obvious. The
      follicular cavities of both cephalic and caudal lobes are enlarged and filled
      with colloid in which granular elements are noted. The ultrastructural changes
      observed in thyrotropic cells and in the folliculo-stellate network reflect
      functional changes induced by the experimental manipulation. These changes may be
      related, directly or indirectly, or completely independent.

PMID- 6812960
TI  - A pair of descending neurons with dendrites in the optic lobes projecting
      directly to thoracic ganglia of dipterous insects.
AB  - The lobula descending neuron (LDN) of dipterous insects is a unique nerve cell
      (one on each side of the brain) that projects directly from the lobula complex of
      the optic lobes to neuropil in thoracic ganglia. In the supraoesophageal ganglia
      the LDN has two prominent groups of branches of which at least one is dendritic
      in nature. Postsynaptic branches are distributed in the lobula and some branches,
      the synaptic relations of which are not yet known, extend to the lobular plate. A
      second group of branches is found among dendrites of the descending neurons
      proper, in the lateral midbrain. The arborization of LDN in the lobular (and
      lobula plate) map onto a retinotopic neuropil region subserving a posterior strip
      of the visual field of the compound eye. The arborizations in the lobula complex
      are extremely variable in size. The numbers of dendritic spines they possess vary
      greatly between left and right optic lobes of one animal, and between individual
      animals.

PMID- 6812961
TI  - Low biological availability of ergotamine tartrate after oral dosing in cluster
      headache.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine the plasma ergotamine concentrations in nine
      male patients with cluster headache 15-600 min after oral therapeutic doses of
      ergotamine tartrate (Cafergot). Some of the patients were studied twice. Five
      patients received a constant dose of 2-4 mg daily for at least seven days. Four
      patients were given 1 mg five times on one day and three patients a single oral
      dose of 2 mg. Ergotamine was determined by means of high performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence detection--a new highly sensitive, specific
      method, the detection limit of which is less than 100 pg/ml for ergotamine.
      Ergotamine tartrate was not discovered in any of the plasma samples. In one
      patient ergotamine could not be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid one hour
      after a single oral dose of 2 mg. The oral biological availability is less than
      1%, which is the maximal available fraction of unchanged ergotamine after oral
      administration. A clinical benefit was observed in several of our patients. These
      effects of the drug may be because of active metabolites being formed and/or to
      high affinity of ergotamine to cranial vessels.

PMID- 6812962
TI  - The role of coronary thrombosis in myocardial infarction: further evidence shown
      by intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase.
AB  - Myocardial infarction is usually caused by a thrombus occurring on a significant
      coronary lesion. A 60-year-old male was admitted with an acute evolving anterior
      myocardial infarction. Three hours after the beginning of chest pain, the
      electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in the anterior and lateral leads
      which persisted despite intravenous nitroglycerin (100 mcg/min). One hour later,
      an angiogram showed complete obstruction at the origin of the left anterior
      descending artery (LAD). After intracoronary streptokinase (250,000 units) the
      LAD opened and a 90% obstruction was seen at its origin. However, an anterior
      myocardial infarction occurred. One month later, an angiogram showed a slight
      irregularity at the origin of the LAD. Thus, this case demonstrates that 1) a
      myocardial infarction may occur with a near normal coronary artery, and 2) a
      thrombus may occur at the site of a slight coronary irregularity.

PMID- 6812963
TI  - Alpha chain of HLA-DR transplantation antigens is a member of the same protein
      superfamily as the immunoglobulins.
AB  - Four cDNA clones, pDR-alpha-1, pDR-alpha-2, pDR-alpha-3 and pDR-alpha-4,
      corresponding to the alpha chain of HLA-DR antigens, have been sequenced.
      Restriction maps and sequences suggest that all clones are identical apart from a
      single-base substitution present in pDR-alpha-1. Amino acid sequence data,
      together with the nucleotide sequence data, allowed the complete amino acid
      sequence to be predicted. The alpha chain is composed of 229 amino acids, of
      which 191 are exposed on the outside of the plasma membrane. The membrane
      embedded portion of the chain consists of 23 hydrophobic amino acids. The
      succeeding 15 amino acids form the cytoplasmically localized hydrophilic tail.
      The extracellular portion, with carbohydrate moieties linked to Asn78 and Asn118,
      seems to be organized into two domains. The second domain, which contains the
      only disulfide bond of the alpha chain, displays amino acid sequence homology to
      immunoglobulin constant regions, to the second domain of the beta chain of a
      class II antigen, to the third domain of heavy chains of class I antigens and to
      beta 2-microglobulin. Thus the subunits of immunoglobulins, class I antigens and
      class II antigens are related evolutionarily.

PMID- 6812964
TI  - In vitro growth of cytotoxic human lymphocytes. V. Generation of allospecific
      cytotoxic lymphocytes to nonimmunogenic antigen by supplementation of in vitro
      sensitization with partially purified T-cell growth factor.

PMID- 6812965
TI  - The effects of glutaraldehyde on the bound nucleotide content and morphology of
      microtubules in vitro.

PMID- 6812966
TI  - In vitro studies on the "venom" emission from the skin of Bombina variegata
      pachypus (Bonaparte) (Amphibia Anura Discoglossidae).

PMID- 6812967
TI  - Estrogen treatment changes the cellular distribution of apolipoprotein E in the
      liver.

PMID- 6812968
TI  - [The effect of N, N'-bias (dodecyldimethyl)-1,2-ethanediammoniumdibromide on the
      bacterial cell].

PMID- 6812969
TI  - [Dipropyl-N-acetate (Convulex) in the treatment of epileptic seizures in
      childhood (5-year clinical experience)].

PMID- 6812970
TI  - Radioassay for oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase using L-[Ring-3H]tyrosine and
      L-[carboxyl-14C]tyrosine.

PMID- 6812971
TI  - Influence of phorbol esters on ionophore-mediated calcium exchange-diffusion in
      liposomes.
AB  - The interference of phorbol esters upon the process of A23187-mediated calcium
      exchange diffusion was examined in multilamellar liposomes formed of different
      types of lipids and incubated at variable temperatures. Phorbol esters
      facilitated the process of calcium ionophoresis in liposomes formed of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or dimyristoylphosphatidyl-choline (DMPC)
      and incubated below transition temperature. The magnitude of this facilitating
      action was negatively correlated with the tumor-promoting capacity of the phorbol
      esters. The phorbol esters also facilitated calcium ionophoresis in liposomes
      formed of a mixture of DPPC and cholesterol, provided that the temperature
      exceeded 34 degrees C. The magnitude of the latter facilitating action was
      positively correlated with both the temperature and the tumor-promoting potency
      of the phorbol esters. Thus, the existence of a parallelism between the
      biological potency of phorbol esters and their biophysical effect in this
      artificial system tightly depended on such factors as the lipid composition of
      the liposomal matrix and the ambient temperature.

PMID- 6812972
TI  - [Cranio-vertebral junction and Morquio disease. Apropos of 6 cases].
AB  - The authors study the anomalies of the cranio-vertebral junction in the Morquio
      disease. The first 6 cases reported, in addition to the usual vertebral
      anomalies, suffered from a junctionnal malformations that were operated by
      posterior decompression and occipito-vertebral arthrodesis. In these cases, they
      especially study: --the neurological repercussion in 5 cases that could only be
      evidenced by a very careful examination after a stress test; --the simple
      roentgenographic examination, in forced position, and gaseous myelography proved
      on one band, that the instability, which is supposed to be responsible for the
      neurological symptoms, is actually inconstant (2 case out of 6). But on the other
      hand a narrow canal was present in every cases; --the surgical procedure
      performed in the 6 cases consisted of a removal of the posterior arch of the
      Atlas, of a widening of the occipital foramen if necessary (4 cases) and of an
      occipito-vertebral arthrodesis. There has been no aggravation compared to the
      previous state. Three indisputable improvements in the cases with a pyramidal
      syndrome. The authors compared their cases to those published in the literature
      and on which most of the time only a simple stabilisation was performed. For the
      authors this stabilisation can only be considered as a complementary procedure to
      the decompression which remains the main part of the treatment. The indications
      are discussed: they are based on the neurological examination and the
      myelography.

PMID- 6812974
TI  - Conversion of platelet-derived growth factor-dependent cells to growth factor
      independent cells during chemical carcinogenesis in vitro.
AB  - The growth responses of hamster dermal fibroblasts (HDF cells) to platelet
      derived growth factor (PDGF) during chemical carcinogenesis in vitro were
      investigated. Normal HDF cell grew in medium with whole blood serum (WBS), but
      not in medium with plasma-derived serum (PDS). However, they grew in PDS medium
      when PDGF was added. In contrast to control cultures which finally stopped
      proliferating, 7 out of 8 cell strains treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
      (4NQO) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine changed to cell lines. Later, 5 of
      these 7 cell lines became able to grow in PDS medium in association with ability
      to grow in soft agar. When clonal cell lines were isolated at early stages of
      carcinogenesis while parental cell lines were still PDGF-dependent, most of them
      gradually became PDGF-independent as well. Dialysed cell lysates of transformed
      HDF cells showed strong growth stimulating activity on normal HDF cells in PDS
      medium. Thus, this conversion of PDGF-dependent cells to PDGF-independent cells
      was correlated with the appearance of a growth factor(s) produced specifically by
      transformed HDF cells.

PMID- 6812973
TI  - Glutathione conjugation and DNA-binding of (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8
      dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy
      7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated rat liver hepatocytes, previously depleted of glutathione (GSH) by
      treatment with diethylmaleate, were allowed to incorporate [3H]glycine into their
      GSH. Incubation of 3H-labelled cells with 14C-labelled (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy
      7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene ((+/-)-BP-7,8-dihydrodiol) or (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha
      dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene ((+/-)-BPDE)
      revealed the formation of double labelled products. This together with evidence
      from amino acid analysis indicates formation of GSH-conjugates of the highly
      carcinogenic BP-derivatives. Incubation of hepatocytes isolated from 3
      methylcholanthrene (MC) treated rats with 3H-labelled (+/-)-BP-7,8-dihydrodiol or
      (+/-)-BPDE resulted in binding of radioactivity to DNA. Reduction of the
      intracellular level of GSH to approximately 40% of the normal level resulted in
      an approximate 2-fold increase in the DNA-binding of either substrate. In
      addition there was a concurrent decrease in the amount of GSH-conjugates formed.
      These data clearly demonstrate that GSH participates in conjugation reactions
      with carcinogenic (+/-)-BP-7,8-dihydrodiol and (+/-)-BPDE and that the
      intracellular level of GSH is important in preventing reactive intermediates from
      reacting with the DNA in intact cells.

PMID- 6812975
TI  - The control of phospholipid methylation by phorbol diesters in differentiating
      human myeloid HL-60 leukemia cells.
AB  - Treatment of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells with phorbol-12-myristate
      13-acetate (PMA), a tumor promoter and inducer of differentiation, stimulated the
      incorporation of label from L-[methyl-3H]methionine into the cellular
      phospholipids. Such a stimulation of phospholipid methylation was not observed in
      an HL-60 cell variant that is resistant to phorbol ester-induced differentiation.
      Enhanced methylation of phospholipids was detected 6 h after treatment and
      reached a maximum level of about twice the control level at 24-48 h. The degree
      of phospholipid methylation was dependent on the phorbol ester dose. The
      stimulation in phospholipid methylation by PMA was confirmed by measuring the
      activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase in cellular lysates. After
      24 or 48 h of exposure, the enzyme activity was elevated in the HL-60 cell
      lysates but not in the resistant cells. Phospholipid methylation was also
      stimulated after treatment of the HL-60 cells with the phorbol diester phorbol
      12,13-dibutyrate or teleocidin, which is not a phorbol ester compound. These two
      chemicals and PMA are tumor promoters and inducers of cell differentiation in the
      HL-60 cells. Phorbol-12,13-diacetate and 4-O-methyl PMA, which are not tumor
      promoters or inducers of cell differentiation in the HL-60 cells, did not
      stimulate phospholipid methylation. The possible role of enhanced phospholipid
      methylation in cell differentiation of the HL-60 by these chemicals is discussed.

PMID- 6812976
TI  - Teleocidin from Streptomyces is a potent promoter of mouse skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - Teleocidin, isolated from Streptomyces mediocidicus ISP 5021, is an indole
      alkaloid. The teleocidin used was composed of teleocidin A, teleocidin B and
      their isomers. A hydrogenated derivative of teleocidin B, dihydroteleocidin B,
      was recently reported to have tumor promoting activity in vivo and various
      biological activities in vitro, with a specific activity comparable to that of 12
      O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This paper describes the potent tumor
      promoting activity of the parent compound of dihydroteleocidins, teleocidin, on
      mouse skin in two-stage carcinogenesis. The tumor promoting activity was
      evaluated by measuring the incidence and yield of tumors, and by histological
      examination. Groups of mice were given a single application of 100 micrograms of
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and then 2.5 micrograms of teleocidin twice
      weekly or the same dose of DMBA plus 2.5 micrograms of TPA twice weekly. Both
      groups showed 100% tumor incidence after 24 weeks, and the tumor yields were 4.0
      tumors per mouse in the former group and 9.8 per mouse in the latter group in
      week 30. We confirmed, through this experiment, that teleocidin is as potent as
      TPA in in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. These two structurally
      unrelated classes, indole alkaloid and phorbol ester, showed tumor promoting
      activity in almost the same range.

PMID- 6812977
TI  - Formation and removal of B[a]P diol epoxide--DNA adducts in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Using xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts, deficient in excision repair, as
      controls to measure the initial rate of (+/-)7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10
      alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]PDE)--DNA adducts removal in
      normal human fibroblasts, it was found that the maximum amount of carcinogen DNA
      adducts occurred 1 h after the addition of B[a]PDE, and that during the first
      hour approximately 12% of the DNA--carcinogen adducts had already been removed.
      Thus the formation and removal of DNA--carcinogen adducts occurred simultaneously
      within the first hour after B[a]PDE addition to confluent fibroblasts.
      Examination of excision repair over an extended period showed that during a
      further 6 h, DNA adducts were removed at a rate four times slower than that
      observed during the first hour. Since the maximum level of B[a]PDE--DNA adducts
      was observed 1 h after the addition of B[a]PDE to the cells in culture, this
      suggested that the rate of breakdown of B[a]PDE was much slower than that
      observed in vitro. Further experiments indeed indicated that the rate of
      hydrolysis of B[a]PDE within the cell was significantly decreased. Thus, the
      stability of B[a]PDE inside the cell is governed by very different parameters
      than those observed in vitro.

PMID- 6812978
TI  - Some factors influencing the behavior of BHK 21 Cl 13 cells in soft agar medium.
AB  - As part of an attempt to reproduce Styles' cell transformation assay, the effect
      of serum concentration on the growth of normal and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4
      NQO)-treated BHK 21 Cl 13 cells in soft agar medium was examined. Using medium
      with 10% newborn calf serum, dilution of control cultures from 5 x 10(4) to 1.56
      x 10(3) cells/ml caused little increase in the number of countable (greater than
      0.3 mm diameter) colonies, but 4NQO caused a marked dose-related increase. In
      contrast, using 20% of the same batch of serum, 4NQO-treated groups and controls
      diluted to comparable viability counts showed very similar increases in countable
      colonies. Clones greater than 0.3 mm diameter isolated from control cultures with
      20% serum did not appear to be transformed when grown in agar with 10% serum.
      These data indicate that factors other than neoplastic transformation can
      influence the growth of BHK 21 Cl 13 cells in soft agar medium.

PMID- 6812979
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Recent data from the medical literature and other sources were used in an
      analysis of the cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)
      in symptomatic patients. Health effectiveness was expressed as the gain in
      quality-adjusted life expectancy, allowing for a range of subjective weights
      attached to symptomatic benefits. Costs included those of surgery, medical
      management of angina, and treatment of future myocardial infarctions. CABG
      appears to increase unadjusted life expectancy by 0.6 years in patients with two
      vessel disease and 6.9 years in patients with left main coronary disease. Even in
      one-vessel disease, a gain in quality-adjusted life expectancy is estimated,
      owing to symptomatic benefits. For patients with severe angina, the estimated net
      cost per quality-adjusted year of life gained from CABG ranges from $3800 in left
      main disease to $30,000 in one-vessel disease. These figures compare favorably
      with those for other accepted medical therapies, such as treatment of moderate
      diastolic hypertension.

PMID- 6812980
TI  - Epidemiologic study of candidates for coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Simplified estimates of the potential patients eligible for coronary artery
      bypass surgery are presented. Various means of identification are discussed, as
      well as effects of two levels of stenosis. Although ultimate operability is not
      directly considered, the results demonstrate a substantial and growing pool of
      eligible patients. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics
      characterizes the trend toward more arteriograms and bypass procedures and more
      procedures being performed in smaller hospitals. Unexplained patterns exist with
      regard to racial and geographic differences. Factors that contribute to the
      increase of bypass procedures include more catheterizations being performed,
      declining mortality, the aging of the U.S. population, less reluctance to perform
      surgery, repeat operations, and increased availability of surgical teams and
      facilities. Factors discouraging an increase in the number of procedures include
      cost, equivocal results relative to increased survival in certain stages of
      disease, and improved alternative therapies.

PMID- 6812981
TI  - The noninvasive evaluation of the coronary artery disease patient: clinical,
      economic and social issues.
AB  - The patient with chest pain is a common but often challenging diagnostic problem
      to the physician. Evaluating such a patient for coronary artery disease requires
      a careful history, physical examination and judicious selection of laboratory
      procedures. Noninvasive stress tests for cardiac diagnosis need not be applied to
      every patient who presents with chest pain and, in general, are most likely to be
      helpful when they are used discriminately for patients who have an intermediate
      likelihood of coronary artery disease. A further elaboration of one systematic
      approach to this problem, based on Bayesian analysis of noninvasive testing
      procedures, is presented.

PMID- 6812982
TI  - Implications of alternative strategies to diagnose coronary artery disease.
AB  - Strategies to diagnose coronary artery disease were examined for cost
      effectiveness in a hypothetical population of 55-year-old men who, alternatively,
      are asymptomatic, have atypical angina or have definite angina. Strategies
      considered include various combinations of noninvasive tests (resting ECG,
      exercise stress test [ETT]. radionuclide scanning [RNS] and coronary
      angiography). Benefits are estimated in terms of the detection of multivessel
      disease and years of life gained from coronary artery bypass graft surgery
      (CABG). Only the direct costs (charges) for diagnostic or treatment procedures
      are considered. In asymptomatic persons, the average cost-effectiveness for
      different strategies ranges from $22,600 per year of life gained (ETT followed in
      positives by RNS) to $60,000 (angiography as primary screening test). Hence,
      screening is relatively cost-ineffective and would be extremely expensive if
      implemented widely. For patients with atypical angina, the cost-effectiveness
      ratio is about $9300 per year of life gained. Strategies involving use of ETT
      alone or in combination with the ECG or RNS appear to be preferable. For definite
      angina, the cost-effectiveness ratio is about $8800. Little difference is noted
      among various strategies for diagnosing definite angina, and the option to
      proceed directly to angiography appears reasonable.

PMID- 6812984
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of gentamicin with the Abbott ABA-100 analyzer.
AB  - The enzyme immunoassay of gentamicin using "EMIT" reagents was adapted to take
      advantage of the small reagent volume required by the Abbott ABA-100. The method
      increases fourfold the maximum number of tests per kit. The correlation with the
      bacterial inhibition method was 98%.

PMID- 6812983
TI  - Costs and benefits associated with treatment for coronary artery disease.
AB  - Direct and indirect costs of medical and of surgical treatment are presented for
      patients entered into the Birmingham portion of the Coronary Artery Surgery
      Study. For comparison, similar results are shown for the Birmingham portion of
      the national Cooperative Unstable Angina Study. In the Unstable Angina Study,
      mean inpatient costs at the end of 1 year in the study were $6867 for medical
      therapy, $10,574 for surgical therapy and $23,045 for those who failed medical
      therapy and required late surgery. A stepwise multiple regression analysis shows
      that the single best predictor of cost was the number of myocardial infarctions
      that the patient had while in the study. A discriminant-function analysis
      identified 85% of the medical patients who required late surgery. A significantly
      lower proportion of surgical than medical patients returned to work. Total
      inpatient costs for patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (i.e, patients
      with stable angina) were $3432, $11,100 and $13,554 for medical, surgical and
      late surgical patients, respectively, for the first year in the study. There was
      no significant difference in the percentage of medical and surgical patients who
      were working at the end of 1 year. According to their own perceptions, the
      surgical group was in the best and the late surgical group in the worst health.

PMID- 6812986
TI  - Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - In this direct colorimetric procedure, serum triglycerides are hydrolyzed by
      lipase, and the released glycerol is assayed in a reaction catalyzed by glycerol
      kinase and L-alpha-glycerol-phosphate oxidase in a system that generates hydrogen
      peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is monitored in the presence of horseradish
      peroxidase with 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone as
      the chromogenic system. The high absorbance of this chromogen system at 510 nm
      affords useful results with a sample/reagent volume ratio as low as 1:150, and a
      blank sample measurement is not needed. A single, stable working reagent is used;
      the reaction is complete in 15 min at room temperature. The standard curve is
      linear for triglyceride concentrations as great as 13.6 mmol/L. Average
      analytical recovery of triglycerides in human sera is 100.1%, and within-run and
      between-run precision studies showed CVs of less than or equal to 1.6 and less
      than or equal to 3.0%, respectively. The method is suitable for automation.

PMID- 6812987
TI  - Turbidimetric immunoassay of serum C-reactive protein.
AB  - This rapid, reliable equilibrium turbidimetric immunoassay for serum C-reactive
      protein involves a potent monospecific antibody. Polyethylene glycol-6000 to
      accelerate and enhance the immunoprecipitation reaction, and Tween-20 surfactant
      to lower and stabilize the sample blank values. Grossly lipemic, icteric, or
      hemolyzed sera can be assayed. Values up to about 220 mg/L, for which the
      standard curve is linear, can be measured without sample dilution. Results by the
      proposed method and by radial immunodiffusion (r 0.989) or laser nephelometry (r
      = 0.957) correlated well. Analytical recovery averaged 101.3%. Within-, between-,
      and day-to-day CVs ranged from 0.9% to 3.5%, 0.8% to 5.5%, and 1.9% to 4.8%,
      respectively. The method is demonstrably superior to radial immunodiffusion or
      nephelometry. Any spectrophotometer that can measure turbidimetrically at 340 nm
      can be used.

PMID- 6812985
TI  - Five kits for estimating free thyroxin concentration in serum evaluated, and
      correlated with other indices to thyroid status.
AB  - I evaluated Amerlex (Amersham International), Coat-A-Count (Diagnostic Products
      Corporation), Gammacoat (Clinical Assays), Immophase (Corning Medical), and
      Liquisol (Damon Diagnostics) radioimmunoassay kits for determinations of free
      thyroxin concentration in sera. Kit results for free thyroxin and the free
      thyroxin index and thyroxin/thyroglobulin ratio were compared for patients with
      thyroid disease and for subjects with normal and altered thyroglobulin binding
      capacity. Values for free thyroxin, free thyroxin index, and
      thyroxin/thyroglobulin clearly distinguished hyperthyroid and hypothyroid
      patients from euthyroid subjects. Each free thyroxin kit showed that fewer
      euthyroid patients with increased or decreased thyroglobulin binding capacity had
      values outside of normal limits than was indicated by kits for either free
      thyroxin index or thyroxin/thyroglobulin. The free thyroxin kits not only
      provided a better overall index of thyroid status in euthyroid patients who had
      alterations in thyroglobulin binding capacity than either of the indirect
      assessments of free thyroxin, but also supplied similar diagnostic information in
      thyroid disease.

PMID- 6812988
TI  - A defense of the Amerlex free thyroxin kit.

PMID- 6812989
TI  - Evaluation of a fluoroimmunoassay for IgG in cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6812990
TI  - Two automated methods for plasma antithrombin III compared, and the clinical
      significance of the results.
AB  - Antithrombin III (AT III) activity was determined with two different new
      chromogenic substances--Chromozym-TH (Tos-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide; Boehringer
      Mannheim) and alpha-N-carbobenzyl-oxy-L-lysine-thiobenzyl ester (Du Pont)--with
      both a discrete (aca) and a centrifugal analyzer (COBAS BIO). The correlation
      between the Chromozym-TH/centrifugal analyzer and Du Pont ester/aca methods was
      good (r = 0.9890). Precision within and between runs was similar to that for
      typical enzymic determinations. AT III in plasma of 226 healthy men and women
      ranged from 76.6 to 141.1% (100% = "normal"). We found no significant differences
      ascribable to oral contraceptives. AT III activity was decreased in 27% of
      patients with acute thromboembolic diseases (n = 62), in 48% of patients the
      first day after abdominal operations without complications (n = 78), and in 100%
      of patients with reversible or irreversible shock (n = 58). In patients receiving
      continuous therapy with heparin (1500 USP units/h) we saw no decrease in AT III
      within 96 h of beginning treatment. Plasma from 14 of 16 patients with
      disseminated intravascular coagulopathy showed a decrease in AT III of from 17 to
      51% of normal before and during heparin therapy. We then treated all 16 patients
      with AT III concentrate. During such treatment, AT III in plasma must be
      monitored over short intervals to assure that sufficiently high proportions of AT
      III (greater than 70% of normal) are reached.

PMID- 6812991
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of free light chains of immunoglobulins in urine.

PMID- 6812992
TI  - Radioimmunoassay results for phenytoin in serum increased by abnormally high
      concentrations of free acids in external quality-control samples.

PMID- 6812993
TI  - Analysis of serum by high-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology are generating an
      expanding variety of medical applications. In this investigation I have used high
      field proton NMR to identify and quantity endogenous and ingested substances in
      human serum. After addition of a small amount of 2H2O and a reference compound to
      a 0.4-mL specimen, spectra were recorded for 3 min in Fourier-transform mode,
      with use of presaturation to suppress the extremely intense H2O peak. Compounds
      detected at clinically significant concentrations include glucose, alcohols,
      acetone, organic acids, and salicylate. Less than 1 mmol/L of some of these
      substances could be detected. For serum containing 20--500 mg of added methanol
      per liter, peak area was a linear function of concentration (r = 0.998). High
      field proton NMR, despite the drawback of expensive, sophisticated
      instrumentation, offers some unique advantages for clinical chemistry: it permits
      rapid, specific, nondestructive measurement of several compounds simultaneously,
      including some that may be inconvenient to measure by conventional means.

PMID- 6812995
TI  - Mannitol interferes with the Du Pont aca method for inorganic phosphorus.

PMID- 6812994
TI  - Polymer-membrane electrode-based potentiometric sensing of ammonia and carbon
      dioxide in physiological fluids.
AB  - Several new electrochemical devices designed for detecting ammonia and carbon
      dioxide in physiological samples have in common the elimination of the fragile
      glass pH internal electrode used in the conventional Severinghaus-design
      potentiometric gas sensors. In one new approach, the pH glass electrode can be
      replaced with a neutral carrier-based polymer-membrane pH electrode.
      Alternatively, to improve response characteristics and selectivity, we have used
      ion-selective polymer membranes responsive to ammonium and carbonate as internal
      sensing elements in conjunction with appropriate internal buffer reagents. The
      use of inner polymer membranes rather than glass membranes enables the
      fabrication of essentially disposable devices having rapid response times. In
      addition, we have constructed automated continuous-flow NH3- and CO2-sensing
      systems involving novel tubular forms of the polymer-membrane electrodes and a
      simple flow-through gas dialysis arrangement. The polymer electrode-based systems
      described offer many unique and practical advantages over existing gas-sensing
      units.

PMID- 6812996
TI  - Reclassification of previously reported cases of mucopolysaccharidosis type IS to
      mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.

PMID- 6812997
TI  - Isolation of human apolipoprotein E by chromatofocusing.
AB  - Human prolipoprotein E is implicated in the transport of serum cholesterol and
      the binding of lipoproteins to cell receptors. Further investigations on this
      apolipoprotein would be facilitated by improved purification methods. We prepared
      human apo E by the combination of high performance gel filtration and
      chromatofocusing from serum very low density lipoproteins. Chromatofocusing was
      performed with a pH gradient from 7 to 4. Apo E contained all isoforms, but was
      homogeneous in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in double
      immunodiffusion against a monospecific antiserum. The reported purification
      method allows a rapid and simple preparation of large amounts of apo E.

PMID- 6812998
TI  - Electroencephalographic findings among children with head injuries.

PMID- 6812999
TI  - A peptide in gastric secretion with inhibin-like properties.
AB  - The presence of inhibin like peptide which is biologically active in reducing FSH
      secretion in castrated rats and suppressing hCG-induced increase in ovarian
      weights of immature mice, is reported for the first time in gastric aspirates of
      normal men. Immunological characteristics of this peptide were similar to inhibin
      extracted from human seminal plasma. The concentration of inhibin-like peptide
      measured by RIA developed for seminal inhibin is more than thirty-fold higher in
      gastric aspirates compared with serum.

PMID- 6813000
TI  - Serum reserve cholesterol binding capacity (SRCBC) in familial
      hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6813001
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (beta-glucuronidase deficiency): a report of a new
      case and a survey of those in the literature.

PMID- 6813002
TI  - Catalytically defective ganglioside neuraminidase in mucolipidosis IV.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis IV were found to be
      deficient in neuraminidase activity toward GD1a and GD1b gangliosides
      radiolabelled in C8 and C7 analogs of their sialic acid residues. Neuraminidase
      activities toward 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, neuraminlactose,
      and radiolabelled neuraminlactitol, fetuin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were
      within the range of normal controls. Fibroblasts from parents of patients with
      mucolipidosis IV demonstrated intermediate levels of ganglioside neuraminidase
      activity and normal levels of glycoprotein neuraminidase activity. The residual
      acidic neuraminidase activity toward GD1a ganglioside in the patients'
      fibroblasts did not differ from that of controls in its pH optimum and
      thermostability, but had an abnormal apparent Km which was about 18 times higher
      than that of the normal enzyme. These findings suggest that mucolipidosis IV is a
      ganglioside sialidosis due to a catalytically defective ganglioside
      neuraminidase.

PMID- 6813003
TI  - Prostaglandins, hydroxy fatty acids, leukotrienes and inflammation of the skin.

PMID- 6813005
TI  - Detection of polymeric IgA in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - A study on the detection of polymeric IgA in glomeruli from renal biopsy
      specimens in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens
      were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy. These specimens were stained
      with FITC-labelled anti-human J chain antisera and then examined with a
      fluorescent microscope. The J chain was observed in the glomerular mesangium by
      immunofluorescent staining. In parallel studies, renal biopsy specimens were
      treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the 'eluate' was neutralized by sodium
      hydroxide. The eluate was labelled with iodine-125, and the radiolabelled
      'eluate' was fractionated by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation.
      Polymerized IgA in the 'eluate' obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy was
      found to sediment predominantly as 9S to 11S using a sucrose density gradient
      analysis. Polymeric IgA in the fractions of the density gradient analysis was
      determined by anti-human IgA and anti-human J chain antisera. It was demonstrated
      that IgA and J chain were eluted from the glomeruli in some patients with IgA
      nephropathy. It is concluded that IgA deposited in the glomeruli is composed of
      dimers and/or larger polymers of circulating IgA in some patients with IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 6813004
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor antibody characteristics in myasthenia gravis. I. Patients
      with generalized myasthenia or disease restricted to ocular muscles.
AB  - We have investigated anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) characteristics in three
      forms of generalized myasthenia gravis, which are distinguishable by their thymic
      pathology, age of onset, sex incidence and HLA antigen associations, and in
      restricted ocular myasthenia. Light chain, IgG subclass, avidity for denervated
      human AChR and reaction with various human and mammalian AChR preparations were
      examined in 9-12 patients from each group. Characteristics varied between
      individuals in each group but no significant differences were found in mean
      values between the three groups with generalized myasthenia. When antibody
      characteristics in ocular myasthenia were compared with those in generalized
      disease, however, differences were found particularly in relative reactivity with
      denervated, normal and ocular human AChR. The nature of the humoral response in
      ocular myasthenia thus differs from that in generalized myasthenia. The
      similarity in the humoral response between the three groups of generalized
      myasthenia suggests, on the other hand, that the distinguishing clinical features
      may reflect differing susceptibilities to diverse precipitating mechanisms.

PMID- 6813006
TI  - Effects of urethane-chloralose anaesthesia on respiration in the rat.
AB  - 1. Respiratory effects were measured in rats during six hours' anaesthesia with
      urethane and chloralose. 2. One-hundred min from urethane administration, minute
      ventilation (VE) was minimal, arterial PO2 was low, arterial PCO2 was high; tidal
      volume (VT) and respiratory frequency (f) were relatively constant; hypercarbic
      and hypoxic responses were substantial. 3. Between 100 and 400 min from urethane
      administration, minute ventilation and frequency increased and became more
      variable, tidal volume remained relatively constant, arterial PO2 rose to 100
      mmHg, PCO2 fell to 37 mmHg; hypercarbic sensitivity increased and hypoxic
      sensitivity decreased. 4. We conclude that the anaesthetic regime produced
      initial depression of respiration relative to metabolism but without great loss
      of respiratory chemosensitivity. The respiratory depression was prolonged by
      increased dosage with urethane and chloralose. 5. The variations between
      hypercarbic and hypoxic responses confirm that they operate through separate
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6813008
TI  - Functional properties of anti-group B streptococcal monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6813007
TI  - Bioavailability of valproate after gastric and direct intestinal administration
      in rats.
AB  - 1. The chemical characteristics of sodium valproate suggest that it might be
      absorbed from stomach as well as from intestine. 2. Absorption from these sites
      was assessed in rats by measuring plasma drug levels after administering [14C]
      valproate or unlabelled valproate separately into (a) intact animals (by gavage),
      (b) ligated intestine, or (c) ligated stomach. 3. After gastric administration,
      mean plasma valproate at 1 h, and the mean area under the 0-3 h plasma
      radioactivity-time curves were 53% and 64% respectively, of the corresponding
      values after intestinal administration. 4. It is concluded that sodium valproate
      is absorbed from rat stomach, although at a slower rate than from the whole
      intestine.

PMID- 6813009
TI  - Endocrine problems and treatment.
AB  - All drugs employed for the purpose of improving sperm production, motility,
      viability, and morphology may be expected to have positive effects in some
      patients. However, the wide variation in these measures in all men make the
      confirmation of beneficial effects difficult. It is likely that definitive
      therapy of the infertile male will not be very successful until the causes of
      idiopathic oligospermia can be clearly elucidated. At that time, it is possible
      that definitive therapy may be devised. Until then, the clinician can expect to
      continue to read controversial reports about the effects of various therapeutic
      agents on male infertility. Even varicocele ligation, long considered one of the
      few definitive therapies of oligospermia or azoospermia does not appear to be
      equally effective in all series. In our own series, varicocele ligation has been
      of little benefit to those men who need it most, those with sperm counts below 10
      million/ml (11).

PMID- 6813010
TI  - [A case of malignant syndrome with persistent nystagmus and diplopia].

PMID- 6813011
TI  - [A case of mucopolysaccharidosis III A (Sanfilippo) with retinal changes].

PMID- 6813012
TI  - Intrauterinely acquired Pseudomonas infection in the neonate.
AB  - The case is presented of a premature infant with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      infection, apparently acquired in utero. After a complicated postnatal course,
      the child was noted to have a profound hearing loss. This infection itself, was
      rapid and progressive, with the infant showing signs and symptoms characteristic
      of Pseudomonas infection, such as necrotizing skin vasculitis and "green"
      purulent discharge. Pseudomonas infection poses a virulent and life-threatening
      challenge to the immunologically immature infant. Infection with this organism,
      uncommon in the neonate, results in significant morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6813013
TI  - The use of stable isotopes for diagnosis and clinical research.

PMID- 6813014
TI  - The effects of localized hypoventilation on ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios
      and gas exchange in the dog lung.
AB  - 1. Hypoventilation of one lobe of lung was studied in open-chest anaesthetized
      dogs. Lobar blood flow, pulmonary-artery pressure and gas exchange were measured,
      the latter from breath-by-breath analysis with a mass spectrometer. 2.
      Hypoventilation of the lobe by reducing the respiratory pump stroke led, at each
      step, to a reduction in blood flow to that lobe. The flow (Q) reduction was
      variable, but always less than the ventilation (VE) reduction, so that the V/Q
      ratio to the lobe was reduced. O2 tension and pH fell and CO2 tension rose in
      effluent blood. Thus V/Q regulation achieved by flow reduction varied between
      individuals and was of low gain. 3. Anatomical or series dead space (VD series)
      was reduced in proportion to ventilation. When VD series was less than the
      apparatus dead space, some gas exchange still took place. 4. Oxygen uptake (VO2)
      and CO2 output (VCO2) were reduced during hypoventilation. VCO2 fell more than
      VO2, so that the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was reduced. 5. Whether the
      deterioration in gas tensions in effluent blood during hypoventilation of the
      lobe was due to shunt of blood past unventilated alveoli, or to V/Q mismatching,
      was not resolved. 6. The plateau phase of the CO2-output curves at low tidal
      volumes was usually regular; thus either hypoventilation was uniform, or some
      ventilation units were totally closed.

PMID- 6813015
TI  - The effects on respiration in the cat of the sudden excitation of cerebral
      vascular nociceptors by carbon dioxide.
AB  - 1. Injection of CO2-saturated saline in a distal direction into either a
      vertebral artery or an internal maxillary artery in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized
      cats produced abrupt changes in respiration. Vertebral-artery injections produced
      a transient inhibition of respiration, followed by a stimulation of it. Internal
      maxillary-artery injections produced only the inhibition. 2. Injections during
      inspiration usually shortened that inspiration, reduced its volume and prolonged
      the following expiration. In the first 30% of an expiration they prolonged that
      expiration, but given in the next 50% they shortened it. In the last 20% of
      expiration internal-maxillary-artery injections again slightly prolonged the
      expiration. 3. Phenyl diguanide injected into either a vertebral or an internal
      maxillary artery also produced abrupt effects on respiration. 4. The effects of
      CO2-saturated saline were abolished by intravenous acetazolamide, suggesting that
      nociceptors may be affected by a change in local pH. 5. The effects may arise
      from the excitation of vascular nociceptors, and our observations may suggest a
      way of studying in animals the receptors responsible for headache.

PMID- 6813016
TI  - The effect of regular inhaled salbutamol on the airway responsiveness of normal
      subjects.
AB  - 1. Airway responses to inhaled salbutamol were measured in two groups of six
      normal non-atopic subjects. In each group there was a dose-dependent increase in
      specific airways conductance after salbutamol inhaled in cumulative doses from 25
      to 600 micrograms. 2. In the first group these studies were repeated weekly
      during and after the subjects had taken regular inhaled salbutamol for 4 weeks,
      in doses increasing to 500 micrograms four times daily by week 5. Then, while
      subjects were continuing to receive regular salbutamol, the studies were repeated
      after 48 h of inhaled sodium cromoglycate (20 mg four times daily) and again
      after 48 h of beclomethasone dipropionate (200 micrograms four times daily). 3.
      In the second group the studies were repeated after 10 days of regular inhaled
      salbutamol (500 micrograms four times daily). 4. There was no change in airway
      response to inhaled salbutamol after 4 weeks or 10 days regular salbutamol
      therapy, or after 48 h of sodium cromoglycate or beclomethasone dipropionate
      therapy. 5. This study did not show the development of resistance to beta
      agonists in the airways of normal subjects. These findings are discussed in the
      context of other studies which have shown the development of resistance, and we
      suggest that there may be a spectrum of susceptibility to the development of
      impaired airway responsiveness following regular treatment with beta-adrenergic
      drugs.

PMID- 6813018
TI  - Viral hepatitis: practical approach.

PMID- 6813017
TI  - Augmentation of exercise ventilation by medroxyprogesterone acetate.
AB  - The influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on exercise performance was
      studied in a double-blind cross-over trial using six normal males to compare the
      exercise performance changes to those observed in a previous study of exercise
      responses of female subjects during the follicular and luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle. A maximal progressive work exercise test on a cycle ergometer
      was performed after 2 weeks of placebo or MPA administration. Although five of
      six subjects spontaneously  complained of increased exertional dyspnoea on MPA,
      no significant decreases were documented in maximal exercise time or in maximal
      oxygen consumption. A mean increase in exercise ventilation of 19% at low levels
      of exertion and 26% at high levels of exertion was documented, but no subject
      demonstrated evidence of ventilatory limitation. The increases in exercise
      ventilation observed in these male subjects after MPA administration were larger
      than those observed in the previous study comparing exercise ventilatory
      responses during follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. It seems
      possible that some other exercise-related modulator of the ventilatory response
      to exercise under the influence of progesterone is present in either male
      subjects receiving MPA or women with normal hormonal cycles.

PMID- 6813021
TI  - [Particularities of the morphogenesis of the rabies virus and of its morphology
      observed during routine culture controls through the electron microscope].
AB  - Whilst practising routine controls with an electron microscope on NIL 2 cell
      cultures infected by the rabies virus, the occasion arose to reveal certain
      features of the morphogenesis of this virus and the particular action of
      glutaraldehyde which alters the aspect of the rabies virus. During the cultures,
      we witnessed, in succession, the production of morphologically normal virions,
      then progressively degraded virions whilst the cells recover and develop towards
      a chronic infection state. Glutaraldehyde treatment of the suspensions proved to
      be of great interest for electron microscopy observation.

PMID- 6813019
TI  - Training in the use of Goal Attainment Scaling.
AB  - Goal Attainment Scaling is emerging as one of the most frequently utilized
      methods of evaluating mental health programs. However, little material is
      available on the practical problems encountered in training mental health
      clinicians to use Goal Attainment Scaling. This report details some of the
      difficulties encountered and the training program that evolved when a large scale
      research program used Goal Attainment Scaling as the criterion of outcome.

PMID- 6813020
TI  - Thermostability of the rabies virion. Optical density measurement technique
      applications.
AB  - The thermal degradation of rabies virus was determined by the variation in
      optical density at 260 nm during temperature rise. This variation, linked to
      denaturation of RNA, was seen by an irreversible sigmoidal curve. Analysis of the
      state of the virion by ultracentrifugation did not show any alteration in
      sedimentation. Electron microscopy revealed a release of nucleic acid of the
      virions which were burst to a greater or lesser degree. The technical conditions
      of these measurements--speed of temperature rise and virus preparation--are
      defined. The form of the curve and the different measurements which develop from
      it, enable the influence of numerous factors linked either to the sodium, calcium
      and magnesium environment, or to an alteration of the virus by chemical
      substances, especially inactivation agents, to be observed. The study of the
      thermal degradation of rabies virus is an interesting method of determining the
      action of different factors on the stability of the virion.

PMID- 6813023
TI  - Effect of hemofiltration on acid-base status and ventilation.

PMID- 6813022
TI  - Comparison of pepsins isolated from porcine, bovine and Penicillium jathiuellum.
AB  - 1. The reactivities of pepsins, isolated from three different sources (porcine,
      bovine, and Penicillium jathiuelum), toward ester and peptide substrates were
      compared. 2. Porcine pepsin showed the highest activity followed by
      penicillopepsin with bovine pepsin being the least active. 3. The esterase
      activity of penicillopepsin was greater than that of porcine pepsin with bovine
      pepsin again showing the least activity. 4. The CD spectra indicate that porcine
      and bovine pepsin have similar conformations, even though bovine pepsin shows
      less ellipticity at 220 nm. 5. Penicillopepsin showed a completely opposite sign
      in the near-u.v. region of the CD spectrum. 6. The far-u.v. region of the CD
      spectrum of penicillopepsin strongly suggests a beta-sheet structure. 7.
      Previously reported X-ray crystallographic data suggest that porcine pepsin has a
      compact three-dimensional structure, while the structures of bovine and
      penicillopepsins are partially unfolded.

PMID- 6813024
TI  - Apolipoprotein/lipid interactions: studies with synthetic polypeptides.
AB  - The understanding of complex interactions which occur in the serum lipoproteins
      has been greatly aided by using peptide synthesis to obtain fragments of the
      apolipoproteins which are unobtainable by other means. The results from lipid
      binding studies with these synthetic materials have generally supported the
      amphipathic helical hypothesis of Segrest et al. for the interaction of
      phospholipid with the apolipoprotein. However, CD results from these same
      experiments suggest that the amphipathic helices may not be as large as
      originally proposed. The contribution of other protein structural features, e.g.
      beta-sheets and beta-turns, to lipid binding has not been systematically
      investigated. The importance of hydrophobicity to lipid-protein interaction is
      strongly supported by the experimental data. Indeed, there is preliminary
      evidence that the hydrophobic residues positioned beneath the paired acidic and
      basic residues on the amphipathic helix are extremely critical to the interaction
      with phospholipid. The role of charged residues in binding is less clear and
      needs further investigation. The importance of the structural features previously
      mentioned can be elucidated through the synthesis of appropriately substituted
      peptides. However, the final proof of the protein structural features involved in
      protein-lipid interaction must await x-ray diffraction analysis and detailed NMR
      measurements. As more peptides are synthesized and studied, the authors feel that
      the complexities of lipid transport and metabolism will be better understood. The
      surface properties of peptide fragments of the apoproteins are presently being
      investigated and could lead to important findings on the exchange of apoproteins
      between lipoprotein classes. The interactions of synthetic peptides with the
      enzymes which control lipid synthesis and degradation have increased the
      understanding of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions which control
      these important processes. The ability of a synthetic peptide to accelerate
      lipolysis in an apoC-II deficient lipoprotein offers the potential for treating
      these patients with synthetic material to reduce their hypertriglyceridemia. The
      ability to model the amphipathic helix opens new vistas for the study of the role
      of hydrophobicity, peptide length, helix potential, and charged residues in lipid
      binding. The observation of Pownall et al. and Yokayama et al. that phospholipid
      cholesterol complexes of these model peptides can serve as substrates for LCAT
      suggests several exciting avenues for further study of cholesterol metabolism and
      transport. As these studies increase knowledge of lipid transport, the potential
      exists to intervene therapeutically with potent synthetic lipid-binding peptides
      to reduce serum cholesterol or to remove cholesterol from arterial lesions.

PMID- 6813025
TI  - Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins.
AB  - This article reviews critically the current "state of the art" in the
      quantitation of immunoglobulins in serum and other body fluids. The methodologies
      reviewed include (a) those occurring in solution, for example, automated
      immunoprecipitin and laser nephelometric techniques, rate analysis techniques and
      radioimmunoassays; (b) techniques involving radial diffusion in agarose gels,
      with and without secondary development steps; and (c) those techniques involving
      solid supports, such as fluoroimmunometric assays and solid phase
      radioimmunoassays. The theory of each technique is presented with an analysis of
      the strengths and weaknesses, particularly sources of error, and the techniques
      are compared in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, test cost, equipment
      cost, feasibility for use in different laboratory settings, and ease of handling.
      Problems associated with the antisera used, with standards, and with quality
      controls are discussed and solutions suggested.

PMID- 6813026
TI  - Acid-base balance. Part III. Respiratory care update.

PMID- 6813027
TI  - Identification and quantification of leucine aminopeptidase in aged normal and
      cataractous human lenses and ability of bovine lens LAP to cleave bovine
      crystallins.
AB  - Rabbit antisera to bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) have been prepared.
      These LAP-specific antisera cross-react with a component, LAP, in human lens
      homogenates. Bovine and human lens LAP are similar but not identical.
      Immunodiffusion tests show that LAP is present in a vast majority if not all
      cataractous and normal human lens homogenates. Results from immunoelectrophoresis
      indicate that LAP is found in these homogenates as several metazymes as well as
      in an albuminoid--and possibly membrane-associated form. In contrast to many
      activity-based studies which imply that very little LAP is present in human
      lenses, micro-complement fixation tests indicate that the concentration of LAP in
      aged human lenses is similar to that found in calf lenses. Taken together, these
      data indicate that LAP undergoes age-related changes. These alterations of enzyme
      (or environment) result in an enzyme of markedly reduced activity, hence, the
      discrepancy between amount of LAP and the amount of enzymatic activity in aged
      human lenses. Active LAP is shown to enhance the rate of hydrolysis of alpha-2
      and alpha-B crystallins but not alpha-A2, beta H, beta L or gamma crystallins.
      The ramifications of LAP inactivation with respect to cataractogenesis are
      discussed.

PMID- 6813028
TI  - Effects of cell fusion on mitomycin C induced SCE levels.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that fusion of Bloom syndrome (BS) cells with normal
      cells results in complete correction of the highly elevated sister chromatid
      exchange (SCE) level in the former cells. Furthermore, fusion experiments
      strongly suggested that normalization of the SCE levels in BS cells can be
      achieved by factors present in the cells of various mammalian species. In the
      present study, the effects of cell fusion on the elevated SCE levels in mitomycin
      C (MC) treated normal cells when fused with non-treated normal cells were
      examined and compared to those obtained through fusion between Bs and normal
      cells. Evidence is presented that through the increased levels of SCE in Bs cells
      were normalized by fusion with non-treated normal cells, MC-induced increased
      levels of SCE were not normalized by fusion with normal cells, and that the
      mechanism involved in the induction of SCE by exogenous agents is not identical
      to that leading to spontaneous SCE.

PMID- 6813029
TI  - Comparative gene mapping: murine lambda light chain genes are located in region
      cen to B5 of mouse chromosome 16 not homologous to human chromosome 21.
AB  - We have mapped the genes for murine immunoglobulin lambda light chains to the
      region of chromosome 16 proximal to band B5 by hybridizing a cDNA probe for gamma
      light chains to the DNA of a series of hybrid clones made between mouse
      fibroblasts carrying Searle's translocation, T(X;16)16H, and Chinese hamster
      cells. Based on homology, we predict that the human Ig gamma gene (IGL) will map
      to the proximal two-thirds of HSA 22.

PMID- 6813030
TI  - Nutritional assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and
      acute respiratory failure.
AB  - In order to determine the likelihood of pre-existing nutritional deficits in
      medical patients with acute respiratory failure, a nutritional assessment survey
      was performed on 18 control patients with stable COPD and nine patients with COPD
      and acute respiratory failure. Significant differences were noted with the
      respiratory failure group having deficits in percentage of ideal body weight
      (mean difference 19 percent), triceps skinfold thickness (mean difference 4.4
      mm), and arm muscle circumference (mean difference 3.3 cm). Significant deficits
      were also found in measurements of serum transferrin and retinol binding
      proteins, creatinine height index and total lymphocyte counts. Body protein and
      fat stores were markedly depleted in almost half of the patients with respiratory
      failure. These data suggest that protein-calorie malnutrition is likely to be
      present in patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure. Nutritional support
      for this population should be initiated at the onset of the illness. Nutritional
      repletion should be considered one goal of such therapy.

PMID- 6813031
TI  - Trends in incidence, fatality and mortality of acute myocardial infarction in
      Beijing. A study on hospitalized patients.

PMID- 6813032
TI  - Psoriasis in China.

PMID- 6813033
TI  - The role of nonessential amino acids in post-operative protein sparing treatment.

PMID- 6813034
TI  - Intermingled transplantation of porcine and human skin in extensive burns.

PMID- 6813035
TI  - Chronic atrophic gastritis in Shanghai.

PMID- 6813036
TI  - Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma. Analysis of 35 autopsies.

PMID- 6813037
TI  - Internal iliac artery ligation in suprapubic prostatectomy. Report of 110 cases.

PMID- 6813038
TI  - Field observations on the antimalarial piperaquine.

PMID- 6813039
TI  - Isolation and study of SRBC-receptors purified by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6813040
TI  - Computer-aided diagnosis of gastric cancer.

PMID- 6813041
TI  - Intussusception in adults. An analysis of 92 cases.

PMID- 6813042
TI  - Combined four-ring incision for bilateral herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 6813043
TI  - New types of lymph gland leishmaniasis in China.

PMID- 6813044
TI  - Dental disease of neolithic age skulls excavated in Shaanxi Province.

PMID- 6813045
TI  - Prophylactic significance of peripheral iridectomy in angle-closure glaucoma.

PMID- 6813046
TI  - Survey and treatment of the blind in Xinhui County.

PMID- 6813047
TI  - Preliminary studies on chromosomes of 9 species and subspecies of lung fluke in
      China.

PMID- 6813048
TI  - Humoral mechanism in pathogenesis of portal hypertension.

PMID- 6813049
TI  - Surgical treatment of carotid body tumors. Review of 63 cases.

PMID- 6813050
TI  - Diabetes mellitus survey in China.

PMID- 6813052
TI  - BCG in China.

PMID- 6813051
TI  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test and its clinical significance.

PMID- 6813053
TI  - Psychiatric service in the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 6813054
TI  - Highly selective vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. Report of 40 cases.

PMID- 6813055
TI  - Subacute myelogenous leukemia. A special type of myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 6813056
TI  - [The importance of oblique radiography in injuries of the lower limb].

PMID- 6813057
TI  - Evolutionary changes in non-histone chromosomal proteins within the Drosophila
      melanogaster group revealed by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against nonhistone chromosomal proteins of D.
      melanogaster were tested for crossreactivity with the homologous antigens of
      various Drosophila species. -- By indirect immunofluorescence it could be shown
      that three antibodies react only with polytene chromosomes of species of the D.
      melanogaster subgroup, and only much less with chromosomes of other species of
      Drosophila. -- With chromosomes of various other species of the Sophophora or
      Drosophila radiations only a reaction at background level could be observed. The
      results suggest that the three antibodies react with different antigenic
      determinants of a single protein whose conformation changed rather fast during
      evolution of the Drosophilidae.

PMID- 6813058
TI  - Mutants affecting position-effect heterochromatinization in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - The dominant suppressor Su(var)b101 and the dominant enhancer En(var)c101 were
      found to affect significantly white variegation in a strongly variegating line of
      the Wm4 chromosome (Wm4h) which has been used as standard rearrangement for a
      genetic dissection of position-effect variegation (Reuter and Wolff, 1981). Both
      mutations were also shown to affect position-effect heterochromatisation in T (1
      ; 4)Wm258-21 and variegation in all the rearrangements tested (white, brown,
      scute and bobbed variegation). These results suggest that the genes identified
      encode functions essential for the manifestation of gene inactivation in position
      effect rearrangements. It seems also reasonable to assume that in all the
      rearrangements tested identical heterochromatisation processes lead to
      inactivation of the genes whose phenotype is variegated.

PMID- 6813059
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of the 2B3-4--2B11 region of the X chromosome of Drosophila
      melanogaster. III. Puffing disturbance in salivary gland chromosomes of
      homozygotes for mutation l(1)pp1t10.
AB  - Puffing patterns have been studied both in homozygotes t10/t10, a gene located in
      the area of the early ecdysone puff 2B5, and in a yellow (y) control stock, at
      the end of the third instar and during prepupal development. In mutants t10 at
      the end of the third instar puffing develops normally in general, however, 21
      puffs (5 early and 16 late ones) underdevelop or do not develop at all, some
      larval intermoult puffs regressing slower. The next cycle of puffs (mid prepupal)
      in mutants t10 proceeds normally, but in the late prepupal cycle 21 puffs
      underdevelop again or are not formed at all. A model for the induction of early
      ecdysone puffs is proposed, assigning a key role to the 2B5 puff product in
      stimulating other early puffs. It is suggested that defects in the activity of
      early puffs in the mutant t10 may cause underdevelopment of late puffs.

PMID- 6813061
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 400 cases of sequelae of closed craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 6813062
TI  - [Treatment of postoperative residual stones of biliary tract with
      choledochofiberscope through sinus tract of "T" tube: report of 60 cases].

PMID- 6813063
TI  - [The use of "U" tube in biliary tract surgery].

PMID- 6813060
TI  - Evidence for three "classes" of microtubules in the interpolar space of the
      mitotic micronucleus of a ciliate and the participation of the nuclear envelope
      in conferring stability to microtubules.
AB  - Exposure of Nyctotherus ovalis to low temperatures or vinblastine caused similar
      reactions of "classes" of microtubules (mt) present in the mitotic micronucleus
      of this ciliate towards both treatments. However, differences of sensitivity
      between certain "classes" of mt at individual mitotic stages exist. Unlike the
      kinetochore mt (kmt) of most other eukaryotic cells, kmt in Nyctotherus
      completely disassemble after incubation at 6-8 degrees C (60 min) and most
      disappear after prolonged exposure to vinblastine (10(-5) M, 16 h). The
      depolymerization of kmt causes the collapse of the spindle and a dislocation of
      chromosomes at metaphase, yet the reduced number of kmt after vinblastine
      treatment still allows an alignment of composite complexes at the spindle
      equator. The data suggest that three individual sets of mt exist in the
      interpolar spindle region during ana- and telophase: 1) interpolar mt (int mt),
      which are assembled during anaphase, are cold- and vinblastine sensitive; 2)
      manchette mt (ma mt), which are first observed underneath the nuclear envelope
      during mid-anaphase, are cold-stable and insensitive to vinblastine treatment
      (10(-5) M); after prolonged treatment (16 h) they form spiral structures; 3)
      stembody mt (st mt), comprising the interpolar region of the nucleus during
      telophase, are cold- and vinblastine insensitive. Paracrystalline structures
      resembling a stembody are formed in telophase-like division stages after
      prolonged vinblastine exposure (16 h, 10(-5) M). Since kmt and int mt possess the
      same sensitivity under depolymerizing conditions, they probably have a similar
      composition. Thus the idea that the int mt in this organism arise by elongation
      of kmt is supported. However, st mt apparently do not originate from an extension
      of preexistent int mt, but appear to represent a new set of stable mt. This is
      emphasized not only by their greater stability compared to the int mt but also by
      the distribution of cold-stable mt in late anaphase micronuclei. The ma mt may be
      an intermediary step in formation of st mt since their stability resembles that
      of the st mt. A comparison of the substructure of vinblastine-induced
      paracrystals in Nyctotherus with those observed in in vitro systems with known
      composition suggests that a turnover of MAPs may be responsible for the different
      stability of mt and thus could specify and regulate mt sensitivity and function.
      Another organelle, possibly involved in conferring stability to mt, is the
      nuclear membrane. The assumption that the nuclear envelope possesses an intrinsic
      property to nucleate mt and thus aid in the alignment of mt is supported.

PMID- 6813065
TI  - [Clinical observation on the treatment of amblyopia penalization].

PMID- 6813064
TI  - [Treatment of amblyopia with visual stimulator (observations on the therapeutic
      result in 191 eyes)].

PMID- 6813066
TI  - [Monocular diplopia (report of 8 cases)].

PMID- 6813067
TI  - [Muscle transposition for external rectus paralysis (report of 5 cases)].

PMID- 6813068
TI  - [Transposition of the rectus muscles in the treatment of paralytic strabismus].

PMID- 6813069
TI  - [Treatment of Duane's retraction syndrome by rectus union].

PMID- 6813070
TI  - [Vitreous fluorophotometry (part I)].

PMID- 6813071
TI  - [Ultrastructure of lens fibers of the normal rabbit eye].

PMID- 6813072
TI  - [Clinical and pathological analysis of 465 cases of ophthalmological biopsies].

PMID- 6813073
TI  - [Conjunctival microcirculation in arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6813074
TI  - [Laser peripheral layer by layer iridectomy for treatment of primary angle
      closure glaucoma: a clinical study of 500 cases (632 eyes)].

PMID- 6813075
TI  - [The use of liquid nitrogen in the treatment of inflammatory granuloma of the
      eyelid (report of 100 cases)].

PMID- 6813076
TI  - [The ocular manifestations and differential diagnosis of the
      mucopolysaccharidoses (a report of 34 cases)].

PMID- 6813077
TI  - [Numerical revision on the "calibration scale for Schiotz tonometers (1955)"].

PMID- 6813078
TI  - [Static perimetry of normal eyes in Chinese].

PMID- 6813079
TI  - [General survey of visual acuity in 1,025 preschool children].

PMID- 6813080
TI  - [Measurement of the thickness of the normal lid margin in Chinese].

PMID- 6813081
TI  - [Retinoblastoma: clinical and histopathological features].

PMID- 6813082
TI  - [A study on the therapeutic effect of rifamdin on pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6813083
TI  - [A study of fully supervised chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in the rural
      area of Beijing---the rate of bacteriological relapse].

PMID- 6813084
TI  - Definitive treatment of anal-canal carcinoma by means of radiation therapy and
      chemotherapy.
AB  - In the light of the relatively poor response of squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      anus to surgery, an alternative method of treatment has been sought. During the
      past five years, in a series of 19 patients, the first four were treated by a
      combination of preoperative irradiation, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C as
      radiosensitizers plus surgery. As a result of complete responses at the time of
      surgery of all these patients, 15 additional patients have been treated by
      definitive radiotherapy combined with 5-FU and mitomycin C, thereby avoiding
      abdominoperineal resection. Eighteen patients had local control, and the one
      treatment failure is discussed. The method of treatment is described, and
      recommendations are made concerning techniques to be used or to be avoided.

PMID- 6813085
TI  - Hyperkalemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6813086
TI  - The use of registry nurses in critical care: a cost-benefit analysis.

PMID- 6813087
TI  - [Plasminogen activator: human granulocyte "kininogenase"; inhibition by an acid
      stable inhibitor from blood plasma].

PMID- 6813089
TI  - [Models of Bacillus subtilis transformation by plasmid DNA].

PMID- 6813088
TI  - [Reduced ability for the repair of DNA damages induced by mutagens in cells from
      Marfan's syndrome patients].

PMID- 6813090
TI  - [Chromatin structure. An analysis of the lysine residues in histone molecules
      participating in the interaction with DNA by using their covalent cross-linking].

PMID- 6813092
TI  - Treatment of pseudomonal endocarditis with high-dose aminoglycosides.

PMID- 6813091
TI  - Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1: patterns of DNA adduct formation, removal,
      and excretion in relation to carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6813094
TI  - [Glibenclamide-insulin combination in the management of secondary failure of
      sulfonyl-urea medication].

PMID- 6813093
TI  - [Therapy of instable angina pectoris].

PMID- 6813095
TI  - Mechanism of protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. II. Lethality in
      rats fed a polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient diet.
AB  - A PUFA-deficient diet causes deficiency symptoms and alters the fatty acid
      pattern in liver microsomal lipids. However, CCl4 lethality and sleeping time
      remain unchanged while the hepatic level of cytochrome P450 is only slightly
      lowered by the dietary regimen. In accordance, the amplitude of double bond
      shifting in microsomal lipids is far from being depressed in animals deprived of
      the peroxidative substrate. In fact, the experimental treatment does not impair
      intestinal absorption, liver uptake and metabolism of CCl4 given orally. Finally,
      both in vitro and in vivo peroxidative challenge of arachidonic acid content in
      hepatic microsomes causes comparable alterations of this parameter, whatever the
      initial fatty acid pattern following the dietary regimen. These findings provide
      evidence excluding an influence of the fatty acid composition of the diet on the
      severity of damages due to halogen-alkane exposure.

PMID- 6813097
TI  - Developmental localization of noradrenergic innervation to the rat cerebellum
      following neonatal 6-hydroxydopa and morphine treatment.
AB  - In order to demonstrate the influence of morphine on the developmental
      localization of regenerated noradrenergic fibers in rat cerebellum, a glyoxylic
      histofluorescent method and radiometric assay for norepinephrine (NE) were
      utilized. An initial reduction of NE in the cerebellum after 6-hydroxydopa [6
      OHDOPA; 60 micrograms/g intraperitoneally (i.p.)] was followed by a return to
      control levels at 3 days, and an elevation above control levels at 7 days. The
      initial rates of recovery of NE in the cerebellum of the 6-OHDOPA group of rats
      and the group receiving morphine (20 micrograms/g i.p.) in combination with 6
      OHDOPA were identical up to 7 days. However, by 14 days NE content was further
      elevated in the cerebellum of the morphine +6-OHDOPA group. Histofluorescent
      microscopic observations of the cerebellar cortex correlated with the biochemical
      findings. A reduction in cerebellar NE content at 3 days was associated with a
      reduction in the number of visible histofluorescent fibers in the cerebellar
      cortex. By 7 days the relative number of fibers in the 6-OHDOPA groups was
      similar to that seen in the control group, but by 9 days the relative number of
      fluorescent fibers in the cerebellar cortex was increased above control. By 13
      days there was a further increase in the relative number of fluorescent fibers in
      the cerebellar cortex of the morphine +6-OHDOPA group, as compared to the group
      treated with 6-OHDOPA alone. These findings provide an anatomic correlate for
      recovery of noradrenergic fibers after 6-OHDOPA, and demonstrate an action of
      morphine in enhancing regenerative sprouting.

PMID- 6813096
TI  - Effects of abnormal thyroid state and undernutrition on carbonic anhydrase and
      oligodendroglia development in the rat cerebellum.

PMID- 6813098
TI  - Effects of thyroid state and undernutrition on S100 protein and astroglia
      development in rat cerebellum.
AB  - The developmental pattern of S100 protein, a specific marker of astroglia, was
      studied by radioimmunoassay in the cerebellum of thyroid-deficient, thyroxine
      treated and undernourished rats during development. In the control animals, the
      S100 protein content of the cerebellum increased maximally after the 3rd
      postnatal week, i.e., after cell multiplication had stopped and when the
      cerebellum had acquired more than 70% of its adult weight and protein content.
      This developmental pattern of S100 protein reflected essentially the maturation
      of astroglia. In the thyroxine-treated rats the total amount and the
      concentration of S100 protein were higher than in controls during the first 3
      weeks of postnatal life and returned to normal values thereafter. In the thyroid
      deficient rats both the amount and concentration were lower than in controls
      throughout development. In the undernourished animals the amount of S100 protein
      per organ was also lower than in controls during the whole experimental period
      studied; the S100 protein concentration was higher during the first 2 postnatal
      weeks and became lower thereafter. These results are discussed taking into
      consideration previous histological and ultrastructural observations on the
      effects of altered thyroid state and undernutrition on the formation and
      maturation of cerebellar astrocytes.

PMID- 6813099
TI  - [Long-term home oxygen therapy in patients with chronic respiratory failure].

PMID- 6813100
TI  - [Fabry's disease and cornea verticillata].

PMID- 6813101
TI  - Relationship of maternal and infant nutrition to infant growth.
AB  - A cohort of all infants born between January 1, 1969 and February 28, 1977 in
      four rural villages in Eastern Guatemala which were participating in a
      longitudinal project of nutrition and mental development was studied. As part of
      the study, prospective information on anthropometric measurements, morbidity,
      dietary intake and socioeconomic and cultural characteristics was collected. In
      addition, two types of food supplements were distributed: calorie and protein
      calorie. Attendance at the feeding centers in each village and the amount of
      supplements consumed by children and pregnant and lactating mothers were recorded
      daily. We studied the effect of the supplements consumed by the mother during
      pregnancy and lactation and by the infant on trimestral infant weight and length
      changes during the first year of life. The data indicate that infant calorie
      supplementation before three months of age is significantly and negatively
      associated with infant growth; after three months of age, supplemental calories
      consumed by the infant are significantly and positively associated with infant
      weight and length gains. In addition, a small positive association was found
      between maternal caloric supplementation during lactation and infant growth
      during the first two trimesters of life, after controlling for potentially
      confounding factors for which data are available in this study.

PMID- 6813102
TI  - Ultrasound observations in patients on gonadotrophin therapy.
AB  - Twenty-four courses of ovulation induction with HMG-HCG were accompanied by
      ultrasound sector scanning. The results of cross-sectional studies did not
      deviate from those reported for normal cycles. Cross-sectional studies indicate
      smaller peak follicular volumes than repeated measurements of the same follicles.
      Results may, however, be influenced by frequency and time of measurements, as
      well as frequency and time of coitus for the patients. Peak-size follicular
      volumes in patients who became pregnant were relatively large. Peak volumes
      connected with subsequent pregnancies may therefore have another range of
      variation than follicles releasing oocytes which will remain unfertilized.

PMID- 6813103
TI  - Developmental changes in pituitary-thyroid function in the human fetus and
      newborn.
AB  - Maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis as reflected in cord serum
      thyroid hormone concentrations was assessed in premature and full term infants
      born between 26 and 43 weeks gestation. Measurements of thyroxine (T4), free T4
      (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) in cord sera were
      correlated with gestational age, sex and birthweight and compared to similar
      measurements in well two month old infants and adults. There were significant
      increases in T4, FT4, and TBG with increasing gestational age (GA) between 26 and
      33-35 weeks (P less than 0.001). After 34 weeks, none of these parameters varied
      with GA. When the infants were separated on the basis of sex the linear
      regression curves describing the relationships between hormone and TBG
      concentrations and GA were not different from the curves in the total population.
      The mean FT4/TSH ratio increased significantly with age throughout gestation (P
      less than 0.01) and was significantly lower in cord blood samples than in blood
      samples from the 2-month-old infants or the adults. The results suggest that the
      set point for negative feedback control of TSH secretion at the pituitary level
      is changing between 26 weeks GA and 2 months of life. Thyroid gland sensitivity
      to TSH stimulation also appears to be increasing between 26 and 33 weeks GA.

PMID- 6813104
TI  - [Chronicity of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Evaluation of the clinical course with
      special reference to the types of distribution of HLA antigens and clinical
      criteria].
AB  - The progression of acute viral hepatitis non-A, non-B in a group of young female
      patients with well defined disease was evaluated retrospectively over a period of
      21/2 years. The histologically proved chronification rate was 39 per cent. It was
      looked for a correlation between some parameters in the acute phase of the
      disease, the distribution of HLA antigens, and the progression to chronicity.
      There were no statistically ensured differences of HLA antigens between patients
      with chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B, patients with healed acute one, patients
      with chronic hepatitis type B, and the normal population. The level of
      transaminases within the acute phase of the illness did not allow to draw any
      conclusion for the further progression of the disease. But icteric patients
      seemed to develop chronic disease more seldom. In this time, the reason of the
      high chronification rate after infection by hepatitis virus(es) non-A, non-B is
      not yet clear.

PMID- 6813105
TI  - Production of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha by rat granulosa cells in vitro.
AB  - The production of 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)-F1 alpha by rat granulosa cells in
      vitro was measured in order to determine if the precursor of this compound,
      prostacyclin (PGI2), is a potential mediator of preovulatory changes in
      follicular function. Granulosa cells were collected from immature rats (27-29
      days old) 48 h after an injection of PMSG (20 IU). The cells were incubated in
      medium 199 containing 1% BSA with or without arachidonic acid and various
      treatments for up to 5 h. PGI2 synthesis was determined by extracting the
      combined cells and medium, purifying the extract by thin layer chromatography,
      and measuring 6-keto-PGF1 alpha using a sensitive RIA. PGE synthesis was also
      determined by RIA in order to compare and contrast effects of treatments on PGE
      synthesis with those on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis. Both exogenous arachidonic
      acid and LH stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis approximately 4-fold in
      comparison to controls during 5-h incubations. Maximum stimulation was achieved
      by the combination of arachidonic acid and LH. The effect of arachidonic acid was
      evident as early as 1 h of incubation, but LH had no effect until 3 h of
      incubation. PGE synthesis was also stimulated by arachidonic acid within 1 h of
      incubation and by LH within 3 h of incubation. A potent LHRH agonist also
      significantly stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE production during a 5-h
      incubation, whereas three vasoactive agents (histamine, bradykinin, and
      angiotensin II) had no stimulatory effect on the synthesis of either compound.
      Based on the measurement of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, it is concluded that rat granulosa
      cells have the capability to synthesize PGI2 and that this synthesis is
      stimulated by LH and a potent LHRH agonist. Therefore, PGI2 is a potential
      mediator of hormone actions in the preovulatory follicle.

PMID- 6813106
TI  - O2 consumption by isolated pancreatic islets, as measured in a microincubation
      system with a Clark-type electrode.
AB  - The role of B-cell respiration in fuel-induced insulin secretion has not been
      clarified. Therefore, a new method for the measurement of O2 uptake in islets of
      Langerhans was developed. An all-glass microincubation chamber was equipped with
      a Clark-type electrode, a stirring bar, and a special channel for loading the
      chamber with islets, media, and test compounds. The sensitivity of the system was
      sufficient for convenient determination of O2 consumption by less than 100
      islets. Using DNA as reference value, the exactness of the method was scaled up
      considerably. Basal O2 uptake in mouse islets amounted to 5.6 +/- 0.2
      nmol/h/micrograms DNA. alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid (2.5-20 mM) enhanced O2
      consumption by 63-207%. The rate of O2 uptake as well as those of insulin
      secretion and oxidation of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid in incubated mouse islets
      were maximal at about 10 mM alpha-ketoisocaproic acid. 14CO2 production from U
      14C-labeled alpha-ketoisocaproic acid was up to 36% lower than the corresponding
      increase in O2 uptake. However, the differences were partly caused by
      insufficient mixing of media in the oxidation studies. D-Glucose (20 mM) released
      more than twice the amount of insulin than 5 mM alpha-ketoisocaproic acid,
      although O2 uptake in the islets did not differ. The results are consistent with
      the view that an increase in the production of metabolic energy is necessary for
      recognizing insulin-releasing fuels by B-cells.

PMID- 6813108
TI  - Involvement of calcium in calcitonin induced stimulation of glycolysis in rat
      kidney in situ.
AB  - The effects of intravenous salmon calcitonin on tissue carbohydrate and redox
      metabolism were studied in rat kidney in situ and were compared to the effects of
      EGTA infusion. Calcitonin (0.8 MRC U, in bous) caused, after 10-20 min, a
      reductive shift of the cytosolic NAD redox pair, and an oxidative shift of the
      mitochondrial NAD redox pair. It also caused a stimulation of glycolysis with the
      cross-over between phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate. These results were
      reproduced by treatments of hypocalcemia with EGTA or with
      thyroparathyroidectomy. Most of the effects were opposite in direction to the
      reported effects of CaCl2 and parathyroid hormone. The above results suggest that
      in kidney calcitonin causes a stimulation of pyruvate kinase, and/or inhibition
      of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and that the effects are related to changes
      in the intracellular calcium.

PMID- 6813109
TI  - Pregnancy terminating effect of a highly active LH-RH agonist by vaginal
      application in rats.
AB  - A potent LH-RH agonist, des-Gly10-[D-Leu6]-LH-RH-ethylamide (TAP-144),
      administered to pregnant rats by the intravaginal and subcutaneous routes
      terminated pregnancy most effectively during days 7-11 of pregnancy. A daily
      administration of TAP-144 during days 7-10 was more effective by the intravaginal
      than by the subcutaneous route. When TAP-144 was administered twice a day during
      this period for one to three days, the effective dose became almost the same in
      the two routes. Complete termination of pregnancy occurred following a dose of 1
      microgram/100 g body weight/a time by a single-day administration and 0.01
      microgram/100 g body weight/a time by three days administrations. Previously we
      found that the serum concentration of TAP-144 after vaginal administration was
      lower but much longer-sustained than that after subcutaneous administration.
      Thus, in pregnancy termination, the prolonged duration of an effective
      concentration of TAP-144 seems to be more important than a transient high
      concentration. When rats were given effective doses of TAP-144 twice a day on day
      9 by either route, ovulation occurred the next day (day 10) and the fetuses were
      aborted on day 11. Serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta
      dropped sharply. Estrus occurred on days 11-13, cycles were established
      thereafter, and ovulation occurred at regular intervals.

PMID- 6813107
TI  - Effects and site of action of morphine on gonadotropin secretion in the female
      rhesus monkey.
AB  - The effects of morphine on gonadotropin secretion, and the site of its action,
      were tested in female rhesus monkeys. In Exp 1, morphine sulfate (3, 6, or 9 mg
      iv) was injected into ovariectomized monkeys, and its effects on tonic
      (pulsatile) LH and FSH secretion were examined. Administration of morphine (9 mg)
      resulted in a significant decrease in circulating LH and FSH, which lasted for 4
      5 h. Exp 2 was performed to evaluate the site of action of morphine, whether
      hypophyseal or suprahypophyseal. The effects of morphine (6, 9, or 12 mg) on the
      LH response to GnRH pulses were evaluated in stalk-sectioned monkeys, in which
      gonadotropin secretion had been restored by long term pulsatile infusion of GnRH.
      LH responses to GnRH were not significantly altered by morphine. Exp 3 was
      performed to determine the effects of morphine on the estrogen-induced LH surge.
      Estradiol benzoate (330 micrograms in oil) was administered on days 2-5 of the
      menstrual cycle to nine animals. Four of these also were injected with 9 mg
      morphine at 5-h intervals for 40 h. Four of the five control and three of the
      four morphine-treated monkeys showed similar LH surges. The results demonstrate
      that, in the monkey, opiates inhibit tonic (pulsatile) gonadotropin secretion,
      most probably by acting at a suprahypophyseal site. In contrast, morphine does
      not alter the estradiol-induced LH surge, a result that differs from that seen in
      lower species and that may be related to differences in estradiol positive
      feedback characteristics.

PMID- 6813110
TI  - Further experiments in unicellular model system to substantiate receptor
      amplification.
AB  - In a previous experiment histamine, a phagocytosis promoting hormone of
      vertebrates, was employed to enhance the phagocytosis of Tetrahymena to
      demonstrate the possibility of receptor amplification by a short treatment. A
      long-term treatment with histamine also stimulated the phagocytotic activity of
      the Tetrahymena, and the stimulatory effect persisted for some time after return
      to plain medium. In this experiment the function was observed and the hormone
      binding of cells was not taken into consideration. In the present study evidence
      was obtained that a lasting first exposure to histamine durably enhanced the
      histamine binding capacity of the unicellular. This indicates a parallelism of
      alterations in the histamine binding capacity and phagocytotic function of
      Tetrahymena. It was also shown that lasting re-exposure to histamine depressed
      rather than enhanced the histamine binding.

PMID- 6813111
TI  - Perisuprachiasmatic lesions enhance the increase of gonadotropin secretion in
      acutely ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Diestrous female rats were bilaterally lesioned in the perisuprachiasmatic region
      (peri-SCN region) or in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ovariectomized
      immediately after lesioning. Blood was collected at one hour before and at 4.24
      and 48 h after surgery. Radioimmunological determination of the serum
      gonadotropin concentrations revealed that lesioning of the peri-SCN region
      enhanced significantly the castration-induced increase of FSH and LH secretion at
      4 and 24 h, whereas MPOA lesions did not influence the serum hormone levels as
      compared to the sham-lesioned controls. The findings suggest that the peri-SCN
      region, but not the MPOA may be involved in the control of the increase of
      gonadotropin secretion following ovariectomy in rats.

PMID- 6813112
TI  - Relationship between colloid droplets of thyroid follicular cells and serum
      thyroglobulin concentration in neonatal rats after thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH) injection.
AB  - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) shows the obvious and long-durated
      stimulation to the neonatal thyroid tissue through the pituitary. The sequential
      changes of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and light and ultrastructural change
      in the cells of the thyroid gland were studied after TRH injection into neonatal
      rats. TRH injection induced a rapid increase of the colloid droplets in the
      thyroid follicular cells followed by a slow increase in serum Tg levels.
      Ultrastructurally, although marked surface activities consisting of formation of
      pseudopods and colloid droplets were observed after TRH injection, luminal
      colloid did not appear to go across the intercellular space between the thyroid
      follicular cells.

PMID- 6813113
TI  - Further report on the interceptive STS 557 in baboons.
AB  - STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one) or
      levonorgestrel was given orally as a single dose of 0.4 mg per animal. Treatment
      was performed immediately after the 6 h mating period. In 30 control cycles (18
      animals) 9 pregnancies (30%) and in 26 cycles (17 animals) with levonorgestrel
      treatment 3 pregnancies (11.5%) were observed. In 46 cycles (21 animals) with STS
      557 treatment only one pregnancy (2.2%) occurred (chi 2-test: P less than 0.01 as
      compared to control cycles). Therefore, STS 557 showed high interceptive
      activities in this nonhuman primate model. In contrast with levonorgestrel, STS
      557 did not decrease the postovulatory rise of plasma progesterone.

PMID- 6813114
TI  - Does the Tetrahymena possess (amplifiable) "steroid receptors"?

PMID- 6813115
TI  - Protection from silo gas.

PMID- 6813116
TI  - Interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with penicillin-binding proteins from
      Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - The binding properties of 25 beta-lactam antibiotics to Bacillus megaterium
      membranes have been studied. The affinities of the antibiotics for the penicillin
      binding proteins (PBPs) are also reported. We found that PBP 4 has the highest
      affinity for nearly all the antibiotics studied whereas PBP 5 has the lowest
      affinity. Both PBP 4 and PBP 5 appear to be dispensable for the maintenance of
      bacterial growth and survival and appear to be DD-carboxypeptidases. Only the
      beta-lactam cefmetazol bound preferentially to PBP 5 and has been used to study
      the inhibition of DD-carboxypeptidase. Comparative studies with beta-lactam that
      simultaneously result in (a) binding to PBPs 1 and 3, (b) inhibition of cell
      growth and (c) lysis, stressed the importance of PBPs 1 and 3 for cell growth and
      survival.

PMID- 6813117
TI  - Presence of an amino acid oxidase in photosystem II of Anacystis nidulans.

PMID- 6813118
TI  - Self-inactivation by 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid and lipohydroperoxidase activity
      of the reticulocyte lipoxygenase.
AB  - 1. The self-inactivation of lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes with linoleic
      acid at 37 degrees C is caused by the product 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. This
      inactivation is promoted by either oxygen or linoleic acid. 2.
      Lipohydroperoxidase activity was demonstrated with 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid
      plus linoleic acid as hydrogen donor under anaerobic conditions at 2 degrees C.
      The products were 13-hydroxylinoleic acid, oxodienes and compounds of non-diene
      structure similar to those produced by soybean lipoxygenase-1. 3. 13
      Hydroperoxylinoleic acid also changed the absorbance and fluorescence properties
      of reticulocyte lipoxygenase. The results indicate that one equivalent of 13
      hydroperoxylinoleic acid converts the enzyme from the ferrous state into the
      ferric state as described for soybean lipoxygenase-1. The spectral changes were
      reversed by sodium borohydride at 2 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C; it is
      assumed that the ferric form of reticulocyte lipoxygenase suffers inactivation.

PMID- 6813119
TI  - The subcellular localization of DNA components from Cyanophora paradoxa, a
      flagellate containing endosymbiotic cyanelles.
AB  - Cyanophora paradoxa, a unicellular flagellate, contains cyanelles which are
      supposed to be cyanobacterial origin. DNA was isolated from subcellular fractions
      and separated according to density components in CsC1 density gradients. The main
      DNA component, comprising more than 90% of the total DNA, has a buoyant density
      of 1.724 g X cm-3. Several subsfractions in the range from 1.718 g X cm-3 to
      1.735 g X cm-3 are contained in this component. This DNA of high complexity was
      considered to be host nuclear DNA. The DNA from the endosymbiotic cyanelles,
      which were isolated, treated with DNase, and purified by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation exhibited a buoyant density of 1.692 g X cm-3 in one strain and
      1.695 g X cm-3 in a second strain. Both cyanelle DNAs (cyDNA) have a complexity
      of approximately 126 X 10(3) base pairs and comprise about 5% of the total
      cellular DNA content. Two additional DNA components of low complexity were
      isolated from crude cyanelle pellets obtained without DNase treatment. The larger
      of these, approximately 48 X 10(3) base pairs in size, had a density of
      approximately 1.688 g X cm-3. The second component, about 15 X 10(3) base pairs
      in size, banded in the density range between 1.710 g X cm-3 and 1.720 g X cm-3.
      The latter is associated with nuclear DNA. The 48 X 10(3)-base-pair component was
      located in the cytosol and could be obtained after CsC1/ethidium bromide density
      gradient centrifugation at the position of covalently closed circular DNA. Both
      these components amounted to approximately 0.5-1% of total DNA. A further DNA
      component with a complexity of more than 150 X 10(3) base pairs, enriched in
      fractions where mitochondria are expected, was not characterized further. The
      density was intermediate between cyDNA and nuclear DNA (1.710-1.720 g X cm-3) and
      it amounted to 1-2% of the total DNA. Our results indicate that the DNA from
      cyanelles, believed to be endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, is not more complex than
      higher plant chloroplast DNAs.

PMID- 6813120
TI  - The effect of ZIMET 3164 and ZIMET 3393 on phagocytosis in Tetrahymena pyriformis
      GL.
AB  - Tetrahymena pyriformis GL is a suitable model to study the influence on
      phagocytotic activity of two membrane-stabilizing benzimidazole nitrogen mustard
      derivative, ZIMET 3164 and ZIMET 3393 (cytostasan). Treatment by both compounds
      causes a gradual inhibition of food vacuole formation dependent on the
      concentrations used. Complete cessation of phagocytosis is observed by 5
      micrograms/ml ZIMET 3164 and 50 micrograms/ml ZIMET 3393. Additionally,
      disturbances of ciliary movement including immobilization and changes of cell
      shape are induced. The cells resume food vacuole formation and ciliary movement
      after being rinsed with control solution. The results correspond well with those
      described recently in mammalian mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 6813121
TI  - Diffuse abdominal accumulation of Ga-67 citrate in a patient with alpha-chain
      disease.

PMID- 6813122
TI  - Lactose absorption and malabsorption in healthy German children: improved
      phenotypic resolution by simultaneous determination of breath hydrogen and carbon
      dioxide.
AB  - A total of 124 apparently healthy German children aged 8 to 10 years were
      examined for lactose absorption employing the breath hydrogen test with multiple
      breath collection. Analysis of the maximal change of breath hydrogen
      concentration (delta maxH2) 110 and 150 min after a lactose load of 30 g failed
      to yield a bimodal distribution separating lactose absorbers and malabsorbers as
      observed in adults. Comparison with an adult control group of 120 subjects showed
      that the mean CO2 concentration was significantly lower and the coefficient of
      variation was considerably higher in the breath samples of the children. The
      difference between the highest and the lowest CO2 concentration in the three
      samples obtained from each individual was also significantly higher in the group
      of children. Normalizing the children's H2 concentration values to the mean CO2
      concentration in the total group (3.04%) yielded a bimodal distribution of the
      delta maxH2 values. Of 124 children, 18 were identified as lactose malabsorbers.
      The 14.5% frequency is similar to that observed in German adults.

PMID- 6813123
TI  - Thyroid function in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of T4, T3, reverse T3 (rT3), TSH, Thyroxine binding globulin
      (TBG) and Thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) were measured and a TRH-stimulation
      test was performed in 10 iodide untreated children affected by cystic fibrosis
      (CF) and in 84 controls. As compared to the controls, CF patients had lower T4
      and rT3, similar T3 and TBG and increased T3:T4 ratios. They also had lower TBPA,
      but this could not account for the low T4. Finally they had higher basal and TRH
      stimulated TSH. Our results indicate subclinical hypothyroidism in CF. The
      mechanisms responsible for this situation are not elucidated by our data.

PMID- 6813124
TI  - Low-dose continuous intravenous infusion of insulin on the first day of life in a
      diabetic ketoacidotic newborn.

PMID- 6813125
TI  - Human pharmacological studies of a new transdermal system containing
      nitroglycerin.
AB  - A new transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for the administration of
      nitroglycerin (NTG) was tested in human pharmacological studies in 26 healthy
      volunteers. Plasma concentrations and haemodynamic responses were determined
      after the application of the system in different dosages. The concentrations of
      NTG reached in the plasma were uniform and dose-related, i.e. dependent on the
      drug-release area, and showed only minor inter-individual variation. They
      remained almost constant as long as the system was in contact with the skin.
      Renewal of the system caused no appreciable change in the plasma concentration.
      The haemodynamic effects, like those of all nitrates, were not clearly related to
      the dose administered, and were not always dependent on the plasma concentration.
      Upon repeated application, NTG-TTS was well tolerated locally and systemically
      and led to no alteration in blood chemistry or haematological parameters. The
      typical nitrate headaches disappeared after a few days. The presence of the
      system on the skin caused no discomfort or inconvenience.

PMID- 6813126
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy of a new transdermal system containing nitroglycerin in
      patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - The results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study in 13 patients
      with angina pectoris demonstrated that daily application of a newly developed,
      transdermal therapeutic system for the administration of nitroglycerin (NTG-TTS)
      over a period of 14 days reduced the daily frequency of anginal attacks by 67%,
      and the daily consumption of nitrates by 63%. Systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures were significantly lowered by 10 mmHg and 7.5 mmHg, respectively. The
      exercise-induced increase in blood pressure was not influenced by NTG-TTS, but it
      occurred at a lower level. Heart rate was not increased by NTG-TTS, either at
      rest or upon exercise. Exercise-induced depression of the ST segment diminished
      by about 50%, and anginal attacks were distinctly less severe and of shorter
      duration NTG application. Development of tolerance was not detected; on the
      contrary, the anti-anginal effect was more pronounced in the second than in the
      first week of medication. NTG had no effect on haematological parameters or blood
      chemistry, and methaemoglobin formation was not observed. Cutaneous tolerability
      of the system was good and its application posed no major problem.

PMID- 6813127
TI  - Morphine glucuronidation in human fetal and adult liver.
AB  - The glucuronyltransferase activity towards morphine was measured in microsomes
      isolated from liver specimens obtained from human fetuses and cancer patients.
      All the fetal livers investigated had measurable UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      activity towards morphine. There was no correlation between the gestational age
      (15 to 27 weeks) and the glucuronidation rate. The mean value of the enzymatic
      activities was higher in fetal livers obtained by hysterotomy (0.20 nmoles x min
      1 x mg-1) than in livers obtained after induced abortion (0.11 nmoles x min-1 x
      mg-1). The average rate of glucuronidation in microsomes from adult liver (mean
      1.15 nmoles x min-1 x mg-1) was 6 to 10 times higher than in the fetal liver
      microsomes. Together with previous investigations on human adult and fetal liver
      glucuronidation, the present results support the theory of heterogeneity of human
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase.

PMID- 6813128
TI  - Mepindolol protection of prostacyclin formation. Subsequent increase in
      arachidonic acid-induced prostacyclin release in isolated guinea pig heart.
AB  - The infusion of arachidonic acid through Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts
      in vitro for 15 min was associated with an increased PGI2 formation and release.
      This was a transient reaction, which showed a peak after 3-5 min and declined
      thereafter. Simultaneous infusion of washed human platelets (4 X 10(8)/min)
      stimulated the peak PGI2 formation (measured as immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha)
      but did not antagonize the inactivation of the PGI2-forming mechanism(s) in the
      vessel wall. The beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent mepindolol (0.3 and 3
      microgram/ml) significantly enhanced the peak release of PGI2 at 3 microgram/ml
      (P less than 0.05). Its major effect, however, was to inhibit the decline in PGI2
      release during arachidonic acid infusion. In this case the PGI2 release during
      arachidonic acid infusion (area under the curve) was doubled in the presence of
      mepindolol at both concentrations. It is concluded that protection of vascular
      PGI2 formation from inactivation might be an important mechanism for the
      maintenance of PGI2 release in response to continuous stimuli.

PMID- 6813130
TI  - Evidence that a GABAergic mechanism influences the development of DOCA-salt
      hypertension in the rat.

PMID- 6813129
TI  - Striatal dopamine autoreceptors uninfluenced by chronic administration of
      antidepressants.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) receptor sensitivity to apomorphine (APO) was assessed in the rat
      nigrostriatal system following chronic antidepressant treatment. Imipramine
      (IMI), iprindole (IPR) or vehicle was administered to rats for 10 days (10 mg/kg
      i.p., b.i.d.). Two and a half days after the last injection 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were measured in rat striata following
      injection of APO (50 or 100 micrograms/kg s.c.) or vehicle. In contrast with rats
      receiving chronic vehicle injections, rats chronically treated with IMI or IPR
      failed to exhibit a significant APO-induced fall in striatal DOPAC levels.
      Antidepressant-treated animals, however, exhibited significantly lower basal
      DOPAC levels than vehicle-treated rats. In an effort to localize the diminished
      APO response, DA autoreceptor sensitivity to APO was assessed in drug- and
      vehicle-treated animals. Employing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and a
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase inhibitor to elevate striatal DOPA,
      the APO-induced reversal of DOPA elevation was used as an index of DA
      autoreceptor sensitivity. This GBL-stimulated in vivo tyrosine hydroxylation was
      similarly reversed by APO (125, 250 or 500 micrograms/kg i.p.) in IMI-, IPR- and
      vehicle-treated animals. In view of these findings, we propose that the blunted
      biochemical response to APO observed in animals pretreated with antidepressants
      does not originate as a result of alterations in the sensitivity of DA
      autoreceptors located on the striatal presynaptic nerve terminal.

PMID- 6813131
TI  - Two monoclonal antibodies (DLy-1 and DLy-6) directed against canine lymphocytes.
AB  - Two murine monoclonal antibodies directed against canine lymphocytes are
      described. DLy-1, raised against puppy thymocytes, and DLy-6, raised against
      bronchoalveolar lymphocytes, both react with most lymphocytes in peripheral
      blood, thoracic duct lymph, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. DLy-1 also
      recognizes monocytes and granulocytes. However, it is not reactive with
      erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, or platelets. Expression of DLy-1 antigen on
      thymocytes ranged from 5--30%. The distribution of DLy-6 antigens seems to be
      confined to lymphoid cells. Ten to 60% puppy thymocytes were positive.
      Interestingly, lymphoblasts formed in response to stimulation with mitogens or
      alloantigens lacked DLy-6 in contrast to DLy-1 cell surface antigen expression.

PMID- 6813132
TI  - Polychlorinated persistent compounds.

PMID- 6813133
TI  - The occurrence of arachidonic acid in the venom duct of the marine snail conus
      textile.

PMID- 6813134
TI  - Purification of pig kidney diamine oxidase (histaminase) and in vivo effects on
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine induced bronchoconstriction of guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 6813135
TI  - Association between apolipoproteins A-I and A-II as evidenced by immunochemical
      approach.

PMID- 6813136
TI  - Drug modification of silver-induced sodium transport across toad skin.

PMID- 6813137
TI  - Relationship of ornithine decarboxylase activity to HCG induced androgen
      production by rabbit testis.

PMID- 6813138
TI  - Gluconolactonase: a zinc containing metalloprotein.

PMID- 6813140
TI  - [Effect of intravenous nitroglycerin on the hemodynamics and the degree of
      ischemia in experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6813139
TI  - Cell specific response of cardiac poly ADP-R and DNA synthesis to circulatory
      stress.

PMID- 6813142
TI  - A monoclonal antibody against the skeletal muscle enzyme, creatine kinase.

PMID- 6813141
TI  - Modulation of phospholipase A activity in psoriatic skin.
AB  - The activity of phospholipase A2 was tested both in rat skin and human psoriatic
      skin before and after systemic treatment with a retinoic acid derivative: RO 10
      9359. An increase of activity was found in the rat skin homogenates when the
      animals were treated with 3 mg/kg/day of the drug for 8 days, while no effect was
      found following treatment with 1.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days. On the contrary a
      decrease of this activity was found in homogenates from both involved and
      uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients after systemic treatment with 1-1.5
      mg/kg/day for 10 days. These different results are discussed also in the light of
      the clinical effect of RO 10-9359 on psoriasis.

PMID- 6813143
TI  - In vivo metabolism of mammalian neurofilament polypeptides in developing and
      adult rat brain.

PMID- 6813144
TI  - Carnitine biosynthesis and function. Introductory remarks.

PMID- 6813145
TI  - Mammalian enzymes of trimethyllysine conversion to trimethylaminobutyrate.
AB  - The biosynthesis of carnitine proceeds from trimethyllysine (TML) by beta
      hydroxylation by a liver or kidney mitochondrial enzyme, which requires oxygen,
      alpha-ketoglutarate, ferrous iron, and ascorbate. This dioxygenase is rapidly
      inactivated by preincubation with Fe2+, but not Fe3+. The evidence suggests that
      superoxide anion is involved in the hydroxylation. beta-Hydroxytrimethyllysine
      undergoes aldol cleavage to glycine and trimethylaminobutyraldehyde under the
      influence of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and possibly a specific aldolase.
      The next step, the aldehyde oxidation, is catalyzed by a specific NAD-dependent
      aldehyde dehydrogenase from liver cytosol. The product, trimethylaminobutyrate,
      is then hydroxylated by a cytosolic dioxygenase to carnitine. This enzyme, which
      has the same cofactor requirements as TML hydroxylase, is found in the liver of
      all species examined, but is absent from the kidney of some species.

PMID- 6813146
TI  - Sites and regulation of carnitine biosynthesis in mammals.
AB  - Although the pathway of carnitine biosynthesis in mammals is known, the location
      of active synthesis of carnitine and regulation of the pathway have not been
      clearly defined. Studies in several laboratories have shown that the enzymes that
      collectively convert epsilon-N-trimethyllysine (epsilon-N-TML) to gamma
      butyrobetaine are found in all tissues studied in rats and humans, but
      distribution of the final enzyme of the pathway, gamma-butyrobetaine, 2
      oxoglutarate dioxygenase (gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) is variable from one
      species to another. Evidence from studies in rats and humans indicates that
      uptake and metabolism of epsilon-N-TML by the kidney is necessary for carnitine
      biosynthesis from circulating epsilon-N-TML. Limited data now available suggest
      that some of the intracellularly derived epsilon-N-TML is metabolized to gamma
      butyrobetaine and carnitine in the tissue of origin, and some is released into
      the circulation. epsilon-N-TML in mammals is apparently derived from lysine
      residues in proteins, which are methylated and later released by protein
      hydrolysis. This source probably provides sufficient substrate for carnitine
      biosynthesis. Carnitine biosynthesis from epsilon-N-TML is not regulated by end
      product feedback mechanisms. Hepatic gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity in
      rats and humans is developmentally regulated, and is increased by dietary L
      thyroxine in adult rats. No other mechanisms for regulation of carnitine
      biosynthesis have been identified.

PMID- 6813147
TI  - The hyperprolactinemic polycystic ovary syndrome may not be an distinct entity.
AB  - Thirteen women with hyperprolactinemia and clinical stigmata of the polycystic
      ovary syndrome (PCO) had their serum prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin
      releasing hormon (TRH) compared with two other groups of PCO. One PCO group had
      an elevated ratio of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH), and another had a normal ratio of basal LH to FSH. The PRL
      response to TRH was similar in hyperprolactinemic PCO and elevated LH PCO, and
      both were significantly greater than normal LH PCO and normal women. This
      suggests the hyperprolactinemic polycystic ovary (HPCO) is probably produced by
      similar central and/or peripheral mechanisms that result in the production of an
      elevated serum LH. These two features are probably associated in a common
      pathophysiologic mechanism. The HPCO syndrome does not appear to be a distinct
      entity but clinically must be differentiated from other causes of mild
      hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 6813148
TI  - Transferrin and gonadal dysfunction in man.
AB  - Transferrin concentrations were quantitated in the seminal fluid of normal,
      oligozoospermic, and azoospermic patients and related to other known parameters
      of testicular function. Transferrin concentration in the semen of patients 2
      months after vasectomy (13.2 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml) was significantly less than
      that obtained from pregnancy-proven donors (65.6 +/- 10.1 micrograms/ml). This
      indicates that approximately 80% of the seminal fluid transferrin is derived from
      the testes. The concentration of transferrin in semen from patients with
      azoospermia (14.4 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml), severe oligozoospermia (17.5 +/- 1.7
      micrograms/ml), and moderate oligozoospermia (21.8 +/- 4.3 micrograms/ml) was
      significantly lower than normospermic groups. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) was measured in a group of infertile patients; those having an elevated FSH
      had a significantly lower concentration of semen transferrin, 14.1 +/- 1.6
      micrograms/ml, compared with patients who had FSH levels within the normal range
      (33.7 +/- 5.3 micrograms/ml). It is possible that the underlying cause in
      decreased spermatogenesis associated with both an elevated FSH and a decreased
      transferrin concentration is impaired Sertoli cell function.

PMID- 6813149
TI  - The egg-embryo chamber for intraabdominal culture.
AB  - We have developed a novel semipermeable chamber for intraabdominal culture of
      primate gametes and embryos. Application of the egg-embryo chamber offers a
      unique opportunity to study fertilization and preimplantation embryogenesis.
      Intrinsically normal monkey embryos displayed timely cleavage and symmetric form
      when cultured in this intraabdominal chamber for up to 72 hours. The birth of the
      first normal live monkey infant derived from the egg-embryo chamber is reported.

PMID- 6813150
TI  - [Conjunct changes in the resistance and engorgement of the cerebral vessels in
      shifts in the blood gas composition].
AB  - In anesthetized cats, under perfusion and with constant volume of the
      hemodynamically isolated brain, hypercapnia and hypoxia led to a decrease of
      cerebral vessels resistance and to a reduction of the brain blood flow, whereas a
      decrease in the PCO2 and an increase in the PO2 in the blood exerted on opposite
      effect. The different responses of the vessels had some similar features in
      respect to threshold changes of the PCO2 and PO2, to potentiation of effects of
      both parts of the brain vascular system on increased shifts of the blood gas
      tension, to greater sensitivity of both parts to PCO2 changes, to effect of the
      blood gas tension on reactivity of both parts to noradrenaline. The authors
      suggest a possibility of alterations of the filter-absorption interrelationships
      in the brain due to different responses of arterial and venous vessels to changes
      of the blood gas tension.

PMID- 6813151
TI  - Preconjugant interaction in ciliates: a cell recognition problem.

PMID- 6813152
TI  - Agglutinins in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris: naturally occurring and
      induced.
AB  - A naturally occurring hemagglutinin against rabbit and rat erythrocytes is
      contained in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. The
      hemagglutinin reacts with some chicken and human erythrocytes, but not others,
      and does not react with the erythrocytes of seven other vertebrates.
      Hemagglutinins appear in increased amounts within 24 hr after injection of rat,
      rabbit, horse and sheep erythrocytes, and some chicken and human erythrocytes,
      and are the highest (approximately four- to sevenfold) with rabbit erythrocytes.
      The response is brief, and increased or more rapid responses do not occur after
      multiple injections. Cross reactivity and absorption data indicate a close or
      possibly identical relationship between agglutinins induced against different
      erythrocyte types. Effects of heating, enzyme and chemical treatment on induced
      anti-rabbit erythrocyte agglutinins indicate at least two and perhaps three
      different agglutinins. Two of the agglutinins are protein, one trypsin-sensitive
      and the other trypsin-resistant. Agglutinin activity is reduced in the absence of
      divalent cations. Sensitivity to heat varies with the type of agglutinin. The
      naturally occurring agglutinin is a protein, trypsin-resistant and unaffected by
      heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min. These hemagglutinins constitute one of the
      earthworm's humoral factors that may participate in immune responses.

PMID- 6813153
TI  - Effects of hemolymph from immune and non-immune larvae of Galleria mellonella on
      the ultra-structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen of Galleria mellonella
      is rapidly altered after in vitro exposure to the hemolymph of vaccinated larvae.
      The bacteria were treated with normal and immune hemolymph for periods of time
      ranging from 7 to 28 min at 28 degrees C. In contrast to the apparent non
      damaging effects of normal hemolymph, the immune hemolymph caused progressive
      damage to the cells within 7 min. The initial attack was directed towards the
      cell wall. Complete degradation was observed after 14 to 28 min exposure to the
      immune hemolymph.

PMID- 6813154
TI  - Fish lymphocytes differ in the expression of surface immunoglobulin.
AB  - Catfish peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes were assayed for surface
      immunoglobulin using fifteen different mouse hybridoma antibodies to catfish
      immunoglobulin (Ig). These studied showed that this battery of monoclonal
      antibodies did not detect significant amounts of Ig on all lymphocytes. Unlike
      polyclonal antisera which demonstrated nearly 100% surface Ig+ cells, the
      monoclonal antibodies detected approximately 40% surface Ig+ cells. Furthermore,
      the percentage of Ig+ cells reactive with two of these monoclonals, tentatively
      shown to react with two different types of catfish light chains, was found to be
      nearly additive when the two antibodies were mixed. Thus it seems that fish
      lymphocytes, like their mammalian counterparts, have two different populations of
      lymphocytes; one which contains abundant surface Ig and one which does not.
      Whether these two types of cells represent the fish equivalents of B and T cells
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 6813155
TI  - Bactericidal serum response of the channel catfish against Gram-negative
      bacteria.

PMID- 6813156
TI  - Clinical significance of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome as a cause
      of infertility.
AB  - The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUF) exists and is cause of
      infertility. Although the data of the laparoscopic inspection of the ovaries and
      the corpora lutea and of steroid hormone concentrations in peritoneal fluid
      constitute strong evidence that the syndrome exists, its role as a cause of
      infertility is less clear. The only evidence available that the LUF syndrome is a
      cause of infertility, is the finding that the syndrome occurs statistically more
      frequently in women with unexplained infertility than in a control group of
      women. It still has to be proven whether the LUF syndrome occurs repetitively in
      each cycle and causes infertility, or whether the syndrome occurs intermittently
      and only reduces the probability of conception. Diagnosis of the syndrome can be
      made by laparoscopic inspection of the ovaries and by the assay of 17 beta
      estradiol and progesterone, in peritoneal fluid between day 14 and 20 of the
      cycle. The relationship between the LUF syndrome and pelvic endometriosis and
      luteal phase insufficiency is discussed. We suggest that the LUF syndrome might
      be the cause of endometriosis thus explaining the statistical association between
      both syndromes, and the infertility of women with only mild endometriosis. We
      favor the hypothesis that the LUF syndrome might be caused by stress thus
      constituting a "psychological infertility" and we suggest that the syndrome could
      explain the spontaneous cure rate. Therefore, before any therapy can be accepted
      as the treatment of the LUF syndrome, it should be strictly assessed with
      adequate controls.

PMID- 6813158
TI  - The behaviour of LH, FSH, PRL, T, P, estradiol and cortisol under different kinds
      of general anesthesias during laparoscopic oocyte recovery for in vitro
      fertilization.

PMID- 6813157
TI  - Ovarian function during and after curative intracavitary high dose-rate
      irradiation: steroidal output and morphology.
AB  - The endocrinological function of the ovary during and after curative
      intracavitary high dose-rate irradiation has been studied by determining the
      peripheral plasma levels of P, E1, E2, FSH, LH and PROL in 8 patients aged 37 +/-
      7 yr (+/- SD). In addition, the concentrations of E1 and E2 in ovarian venous
      blood during the estimated ovulatory phase after irradiation were determined. The
      functional structure of the ovary was studied histochemically using 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and ultrastructurally and histologically with
      routine methods. The results during and after irradiation were compared to those
      before irradiation. In addition, 28 postmenopausal patients were used as
      controls. At the end of the irradiation course, which lasted from the
      premenstrual to the ovulatory phase, 3 out of 4 patients with cervical carcinoma
      had normal plasma P levels; the menstrual cycles of these patients was previously
      ovulatory. The normal P levels as well as a rise in E1 and E2 concentrations
      indicate ovulation. During the next menstrual cycle these values and the E2/E1
      ratio in peripheral venous blood decreased and the levels of FSH and LH rose to
      the postmenopausal values. In patients with endometrial carcinoma, the menstrual
      cycle was anovulatory both before and after radiotherapy; in estrogen and
      gonadotrophin levels, similar changes were observed as in patients having
      ovulatory cycles. In ovarian venous blood, the E2 plasma levels and the E2/E1
      ratios were in both groups significantly higher at the time of the second
      potential ovulatory phase than the corresponding postmenopausal values. As in the
      postmenopausal women, both E1 and E2 levels in irradiated patients were higher in
      ovarian effluent blood than peripherally. The ovarian/cubital E1 ratios did not
      differ between these groups. For E2, this ratio was, however, significantly
      higher in irradiated patients than in postmenopausal controls. The morphological
      findings--both by light and electron microscopy--as well as the enzyme
      histochemical studies support the chemical results reflecting a decreased yet
      significant estrogen production in the ovaries after irradiation.

PMID- 6813159
TI  - Evoked effects of oestradiol on hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and drug
      oxidase in castrated rats.
AB  - 1. Oestradiol administration in castrated rats resulted in an increased activity
      of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and a decreased activity of the drug
      oxidase enzyme systems. 2. Aqueous solutions of oestradiol (up to 25.10(-6)M)
      incubated in vitro with microsomes, binds into the microsomal membrane framework
      reducing the activity of both enzyme systems. 3. The specific activity of
      cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, drops after 3 hr preincubation with oestradiol
      to at least 70% of its original value. 4. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide
      administration reduced the oestradiol-induced and control cholesterol 7 alpha
      hydroxylase activity to the same level, 6 hr after the injections.

PMID- 6813160
TI  - Estimation of inhibin-like activity in spent medium from rat ovarian granulosa
      cells during long-term culture.
AB  - Granulosa cells were isolated from antral follicles of intact, adult female rats
      by treatment with EGTA and hypertonic sucrose, and were kept in culture for 1, 15
      or 37 days. The amount of inhibin-like activity in spent rat granulosa-cell media
      (rGCCM) was assessed by using a bioassay for inhibin (measurement of the
      unstimulated release of FSH and LH by pituitary cells in culture). After 1 day in
      culture, inhibin-like activity was detected in rGCCM of 0.016-0.8 X 10(5)
      cultured granulosa cells per dish. In the bioassay, maximal suppression of FHS
      occurred when 0.8 X 10(5) granulosa cells were plated. With this or a larger
      number of cells in long-term cultures, pooled rGCCM, collected up to 37 days
      after plating, suppressed levels of FSH (and not of LH) in the inhibin bioassay
      in parallel with the suppression found after addition of charcoal-treated bovine
      follicular fluid (bFF), which served as a standard. The amount of inhibin-like
      activity of rGCCM (relative to the amount present in bFF, which was given a
      potency of 1) ranged between 0.05 and 0.90 X 10(-3). Release of inhibin-like
      activity could not be estimated on day 4, and was low from days 29 to 37 in
      culture. Except after 1 day of culture, no substantial amounts of progesterone
      were detected in the media. It is concluded that granulosa cells collected from
      adult, intact female rats have and retain the capacity to secrete inhibin-like
      activity in vitro, under basal conditions in long-term cultures.

PMID- 6813161
TI  - The specificity of inhibin bioassay using cultured pituitary cells.
AB  - It has been established that the inhibition of the cellular content of FSH in
      cultured pituitary cells can be used as a sensitive and precise bioassay for
      inhibin. During studies on the inhibin content of human plasma, FSH suppression
      was noted to occur together with LH suppression. Further studies revealed that
      where combined FSH and LH suppression occurred, cytological changes in the
      pituitary cells suggestive of toxicity were found, indicating non-specific
      effects of these substances. Charcoal treatment or gel filtration of seminal
      plasma removed or separated the toxic substances from the inhibin activity, the
      latter characterized by FSH suppression parallel to the standard preparation, no
      LH suppression and no light-microscopic changes in pituitary cells. It is
      recommended that careful evaluation of all inhibin bioassay systems should be
      undertaken to detect substances producing non-specific effects and additional
      guidelines for the assessment of specificity are suggested.

PMID- 6813162
TI  - Cell cycle changes during growth and differentiation of imaginal leg discs in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6813163
TI  - The mode of action of "discless" mutations in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6813164
TI  - An intermediate state of fertilization involved in internalization of sperm
      components.

PMID- 6813165
TI  - Ecdysteroid titers during pupal and adult development in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6813166
TI  - Temperature-shift analysis of conidial development in Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 6813167
TI  - Diverticular disease in urban Africans in South Africa.
AB  - At Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, during a 3-year period
      diverticular disease was diagnosed in 42 Black patients (16 men, 26 women), from
      an urban population approaching 1,5 million. Patients presented mainly with
      rectal bleeding, abdominal mass or pain. Of average age 62 years, all were among
      the more privileged. The persisting very low frequency of the disease, which is
      in consonance with low frequencies of other bowel diseases (appendicitis,
      ulcerative colitis, colon cancer), is deemed valid. The mean daily dietary fibre
      intake, 26.5 +/- 8.5 g, was higher than that of local Whites, 22.4 +/- 6.0 g, but
      significantly less than that of a sex-age matched urban Black control group, 32.5
      +/- 11.4 g. Although a measure of westernization of diet has obviously occurred,
      its extent, also the period of exposure, would seem to have been insufficient to
      have evoked significant rises in the occurrence of diverticular disease.

PMID- 6813168
TI  - Effect of bombesin on gastric secretion and motility in the cat.
AB  - The effect of bombesin on acid and pepsin secretion and antral motility was
      compared to that of pentagastrin in conscious cats. Bombesin stimulated acid
      secretion to 65% of the maximal response to pentagastrin but induced a stronger
      pepsin secretion than any dose of pentagastrin. As to antral motility, bombesin
      first induced an effect comparable to that of pentagastrin, with an increase of
      low-amplitude and a decrease of high-amplitude contractions. After about 30 min
      of continuous infusion, the effect of bombesin changed with a return to basal
      frequency for the low-amplitude contractions and an increase of high-amplitude
      contractions. This effect was not observed with pentagastrin nor cholecystokinin
      and was not explained by the variations of plasma insulin concentration.

PMID- 6813169
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy - need and demand for photocoagulation and its cost
      effectiveness: evaluation based on services in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Photocoagulation services in the two Regions, north of the River Thames, treated
      6,589 cases of diabetic retinopathy (including an annual incidence of 309 cases)
      or 20% of the estimated total need for photocoagulation. Sixty-one percent of
      diabetic retinopathy patients have disease in both eyes. It is cheaper to treat a
      patient with diabetic retinopathy than to look after a blind person for one year.
      Hence, adequate training in the identification and early treatment of diabetic
      retinopathy requiring photocoagulation is urgent.

PMID- 6813170
TI  - No rationale for antiplatelet drug treatment in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6813171
TI  - Newly isolated Friend cell lines are blocked at the same stage of erythroid
      differentiation as established clones.
AB  - Friend erythroleukemia cells, a widely used in vitro model of murine
      erythropoiesis, express prior to induction, a state of erythroid differentiation
      similar to that of the early erythroblast in vivo. To investigate whether this
      uniform and stable epigenetic state was the result of a selection in long-term
      culture for the corresponding cell type, 29 new cell lines were isolated from the
      hemopoietic organs of DBA/2 mice infected with Friend virus and were analyzed
      without delay for the expression of several erythroid traits. All the lines
      examined displayed levels of expression of the markers indistinguishable from
      those displayed by established Friend cell clones. Thus, newly isolated Friend
      cell lines appear to be blocked at essentially the same stage of erythroid
      differentiation as established clones. This indicates that the expression of
      several characteristic erythroid markers is remarkably stable in vitro and does
      not result from long-term selection. In contrast, the capacity of these cells to
      respond to chemical inducers varies considerably from clone to clone and with
      time in culture.

PMID- 6813172
TI  - Studies on differentiation without cleavage in Chaetopterus. Requirement for a
      definite number of DNA replication cycles shown by aphidicolin pulses.
AB  - Aphidicolin, a powerful inhibitor of nuclear DNA replication, has been used to
      establish the level of polyploidisation required for the realization of the late
      morphogenetic events (segregation, pseudogastrulation and ciliation) of
      differentiation without cleavage in Chaetopterus-activated eggs. A parallel has
      been drawn between cytophotometric estimations of the DNA content and cytoplasmic
      differentiation in eggs treated with aphidicolin under different experimental
      conditions: either pulses with aphidicolin were followed by culture in sea water
      or the eggs were treated with aphidicolin after development had taken place in
      sea water for various lengths of time. The results suggest that a 'quantal'
      monasterial cycle might take place 3 h after activation, corresponding presumably
      to the fourth or fifth replication cycle. Moreover, early DNA replication seems
      to be more important for morphogenesis than late DNA replication.

PMID- 6813173
TI  - Purification of gonococcal R-type lipopolysaccharide not bearing the lactose-like
      antigen.
AB  - The gonococcal strain R-10 is shown to contain two antigenically different R-type
      lipopolysaccharides: one of these has the same properties described for the
      gonococcal lipopolysaccharide, while the other does not have any cross-reaction
      with it. The latter was purified from a mutated colony able to express only one
      type of lipopolysaccharide. By inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay it
      was shown that the difference between the two lipopolysaccharides is located in
      the core region which, when purified and analyzed by gel filtration and gas
      liquid chromatography, did not show any difference either in size or in chemical
      composition, leading to the conclusion that the two cores must differ just in the
      structure of the antigenic determinant.

PMID- 6813175
TI  - [Characteristics of cells producing immune interferon].

PMID- 6813174
TI  - Suppression of PHA-induced IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice.
AB  - In the present paper we report some evidences of negative genetic control of the
      IFN-gamma production following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin both in vivo
      and in vitro. C3H mice were good IFN-gamma producers whereas BALB/c and (BALB/c X
      C3H) F1 mice were non producers. The distribution of the capacity to produce
      significant levels of IFN-gamma in [(C3H X BALB/c) X (C3H X BALB/c)] F2 mice is
      compatible with the hypothesis of a pleomorphic negative control.

PMID- 6813176
TI  - [Basidiomycetes in relation to antibiosis. II. Antibiotic activity of mycelia and
      culture liquids].
AB  - The author relates the results of the antibiotic activity of mycelia and culture
      liquids of 34 Basidiomycetes, tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
      aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The mycelium disc test and the
      cylinder plate method were used, employing for the latter culture liquids at
      different ages. The most active against the three bacterial species were Psathyra
      spadiceo-grisea, Fistulina hepatica and Fomes pinicola; against S. aureus and B.
      subtilis, Lentinus edodes and Psilocybe coprophila; Coprinus phlyctidosporus,
      Lepista amara, Pholiota nameko, Pleurotus ostreatus 774 and 779, Schizophyllum
      commune, Stropharia melanosperma, Boletus felleus, Polyporus Schweinitzii and
      Trametes pini 786 are active only against B. subtilis. Psathyra spadiceo-grisea
      and Lentinus edodes showed activity against Candida albicans as well. Comparison
      is made of activity results of the strains employed with the currently accepted
      data in the literature for the same species.

PMID- 6813177
TI  - [Familial hypergammaglobulinemia in Waldenstrom's disease. Clinical case].

PMID- 6813179
TI  - [Virus-bacteria interaction in the respiratory tract].

PMID- 6813178
TI  - [Antibiotic combinations synergic in vitro in comparisons of multiresistant
      strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 6813180
TI  - Some biochemical properties of the preneoplastic antigen in rat liver
      hyperplastic nodules.
AB  - The biochemical properties of preneoplastic antigen (PN antigen) were
      investigated in order to resolve inconsistencies in previous reports. First of
      all, epoxide hydrase was purified biochemically from the liver of phenobarbital
      treated rats and anti epoxide hydrase serum was prepared in rabbits.
      Immunochemically, in Ouchterlony double diffusion, PN antigen had the same
      antigenicity as epoxide hydrase. From an immunoprecipitation study using sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis, it was found that PN antigen may be composed of epoxide
      hydrase and at least one more protein (mol. wt. 27,000). However, the biochemical
      and biological properties of the protein binding to epoxide hydrase were not
      determined. The existence of PN antigen (epoxide hydrase and its binding protein)
      may be associated with microsomal membrane alterations during chemical
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6813182
TI  - [Hepatic and biliary complications of parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6813181
TI  - [Gastric secretory, motor and hormonal responses to continuous enteral nutrition
      with an elemental diet in normal subjects].

PMID- 6813183
TI  - [Bile composition during total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6813184
TI  - Apolipoprotein localization and quantitation in the human intestine.
AB  - Apolipoproteins B, A-I, and A-IV were localized in human intestinal epithelium
      using immunoperoxidase techniques. Staining was most obvious in villus tip cells.
      Lipid absorption resulted in an increase in intraepithelial staining for each
      apoprotein. The pattern for apo-B in the biopsy specimens taken after lipid
      absorption revealed a marked redistribution of staining to the intercellular
      spaces and an increase in the supranuclear staining of apo-A-I and apo-A-IV.
      After lipid absorption, staining appeared to extend further down the villus than
      in the fasting biopsy specimens. Quantitation of apo-A-I and apo-A-IV in isolated
      epithelial cells confirmed that the mass of these apoproteins increases in
      response to lipid absorption. Apolipoprotein B and apo-A-I were absent in the
      epithelium of 3 patients with abetalipoproteinemia while apo-A-IV was present in
      2 patients. These studies demonstrate differences in the localization and
      quantitation of apoproteins in the villus-crypt unit as well as differences in
      the localization pattern of the different apoproteins.

PMID- 6813185
TI  - Effect of extracellular calcium depletion on epithelial structure and function in
      rabbit ileum: a model for selective crypt or villus epithelial cell damage and
      suggestion of secretion by villus epithelial cells.

PMID- 6813186
TI  - Technique for determination of human zinc absorption from measurement of
      radioactivity in a fecal sample or the body.
AB  - The intestinal absorption of an oral dose of zinc chloride was determined from
      the ratio of 65Zn and a nonabsorbed radioactive marker, 51Cr, present in a single
      stool specimen or the body 24-72 h later. Chromic chloride had no effect on
      [65Zn]zinc chloride absorption and 51Cr and 65Zn had similar intestinal transit
      times. In 17 healthy control subjects given 92 mumol ZnCl2 labeled with 0.5
      microCi 65Zn, 52 +/- 14% (SD) of the dose was taken up from the lumen. Intestinal
      absorption of 65Zn at 24 h correlated closely with 65Zn body retention of zinc
      measured by whole-body counting 7 days later, r = 0.995. Neither zinc absorption
      nor zinc retention correlated with blood leukocyte zinc levels. An average of 55%
      of 65Zn was retained in the body from doses of 18-90 mumol ZnCl2 but a
      progressively smaller proportion of zinc was absorbed from doses of 180-900
      mumol. The average absorption and body retention of 65Zn were significantly
      reduced in 7 patients with mucosal disease of the proximal intestine but they
      were not affected by resection of the lower jejunum, ileum, and colon. Thus the
      absorption of ZnCl2 from a 92-mumol dose predominantly takes place by a rate
      limited mechanism in the duodenum and upper jejunum.

PMID- 6813187
TI  - Effect of gastric and transpyloric tubes on gastric emptying and duodenogastric
      reflux.
AB  - The effect of thin and pliable gastric and transpyloric duodenal tubes on gastric
      emptying was studied in healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying was unaffected by
      both gastric and transpyloric tubes. Gastric emptying was also similar whether a
      milk-cream meal was instilled via a tube or was swallowed. The effect of a
      transpyloric tube on postprandial and fasting duodenogastric reflux was studied
      by using a technique that does not require a transpyloric tube in order to
      measure reflux. Duodenogastric reflux was similar in the fasting state and after
      feeding and was not affected by a transpyloric tube. In conclusion, thin and
      pliable gastric and transpyloric tubes do not affect gastric emptying and
      duodenogastric reflux in humans, and, in addition, the mode of administration of
      a meal does not affect gastric emptying.

PMID- 6813188
TI  - Treatment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis in pregnancy with total parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - A 29-yr-old pregnant woman presented in her third trimester with severe
      pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia, and small-for-dates fetus. Studies suggested that
      her pancreatitis was caused by profound hypertriglyceridemia, which was the
      result of an underlying lipoprotein disorder exacerbated by pregnancy. Throughout
      the first 7 wk of hospitalization, attempts to refeed the patient with solid food
      and various elemental diets resulted in the induction of hypertriglyceridemia and
      relapses of pancreatitis. Concern for the nutritional status of the mother and
      the possibility of further growth retardation of the fetus prompted the use of
      total parenteral nutrition for the last 2 wk of gestation. This treatment was
      well tolerated by the mother, promptly reversed maternal weight loss, caused a
      rapid resolution of her pancreatitis, and did not induce further
      hypertriglyceridemia. This report documents that total parenteral nutrition may
      be safely and effectively used in the management of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis
      in pregnancy.

PMID- 6813189
TI  - A study of rDNA magnification phenomenon in a repair-recombination deficient
      mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The rDNA magnification process consists of a rapid and inheritable rDNA increase
      occurring in bobbed males: in a few generations the bb loci acquire the wild-type
      rDNA value and reach a bb+ phenotype.--We have analyzed the rDNA magnification
      process in the repair-recombination-deficient mutant mei9a, both at the
      phenotypical and rDNA content levels. In mei9a bb double mutants the recovery of
      bb+ phenotype is strongly disturbed and the rDNA redundancy value fails to reach
      the wild-type level. The strong effect of this meiotic mutation on rDNA
      magnification suggests a close relationship between this phenomenon and the
      repair-recombination processes.

PMID- 6813190
TI  - Polycomblike: a gene that appears to be required for the normal expression of the
      bithorax and antennapedia gene complexes of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A newly identified gene is described that is required for the maintenance of
      normal identities in many of the body segments of the fly. The effects of mutants
      in this gene, which is called Polycomblike (Pcl), suggest that its wild-type
      allele functions in the regulation of the bithorax gene complex (BX-C) and the
      Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C). Evidence in favor of this idea derives from
      (1) the close correspondence between segmental transformations caused by Pcl
      mutants and those caused by dominant gain-of-function mutants in the BX-C and ANT
      C, (2) the interactions observed between Pcl mutants and mutants in these
      complexes, and (3) the dependence upon BX-C and ANT-C dosage of the severity of
      at least one of the transformations caused by Pcl mutants. Arguments are
      presented that the control of the BX-C and ANT-C by Pcl+ is negative in nature.
      The results of clonal analysis experiments indicate that, at least for the BX-C,
      Pcl+ exerts this control until late in development. Since the wild-type allele of
      another gene, called Polycomb (Pc), has previously been shown to have many of the
      same properties as Pcl+, it appears that the BX-C and perhaps also the ANT-C are
      continuously regulated during development by at least two and probably several
      other genes.

PMID- 6813191
TI  - Properties and evolutionary potential of newly induced tandem duplications in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Most of some 33 X-ray-induced duplications recovered as Suppressors of Minute
      loci proved to be direct tandem duplications. When heterozygous, most
      duplications were crossover suppressors, and duplications of short to moderate
      size did not reduce the fitness of their bearers. Crossover suppression by tandem
      duplication may be attributed to intrastrand foldbacks of the type regularly seen
      in somatic polytene chromosomes. As a consequence, linkage disequilibrium between
      duplicated elements and normal chromosomes should be more profound than has been
      supposed. Tandem duplications appear to be predisposed by reason of frequency of
      generation, crossover suppression and fitness effects to serve as the primary
      source of new genes.

PMID- 6813193
TI  - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids controlling resistance to ultraviolet
      irradiation and increased mutability].
AB  - 11 out of 35 different resistance (R) plasmids increased the survival of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to ultraviolet irradiation (UV) in the wild-type
      and uvr and polA mutants but failed to alter the UV-response of a recA mutant.
      The two most thoroughly studied plasmids, pBS12 and pBS31 protect both uvr+ and
      uvr- strains from the lethal effect of methyl methane sulphonate and also enhance
      the UV-induced mutability of the wild-type strain. Sodium arsenite was shown to
      completely inhibit the UV-protection effect, mediated by pBS12 and pBS31
      plasmids. It is suggested that the plasmids pBS12 and pBS31 contain genes, the
      functioning of which increases significantly the level of resistance of P.
      aeruginosa cells to UV-irradiation and their mutability, when recA+-dependent
      arsenite-sensitive pathway of dark DNA reparation is active. The conclusion was
      made that the genes enhancing resistance of bacteria to UV-irradiation and their
      mutability are wide-spread among R plasmids of P. aeruginosa belonging to the
      group of P-2 incompatibility.

PMID- 6813192
TI  - Molecular characterization of ribosomal genes on the Ybb- chromosome of
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The question of whether the Ybb- chromosome contains ribosomal genes has been
      examined by using Southern blot analysis and comparing rDNA hybridization
      patterns for X/X and X/Ybb- DNA. The results demonstrate that the Ybb- chromosome
      contains sequences that hybridize to an rDNA probe under stringent conditions.
      Differential hybridization of some of these sequences with DNAs corresponding to
      different regions of a complete ribosomal gene repeat provides evidence that some
      of the genes on the Ybb- chromosome are type 2 repeats. Because data obtained by
      other workers suggest that type 2 repeats are transcribed only to low levels,
      these repeats may be classed as "nonfunctional". A further finding is that the
      ribosomal genes on the Ybb- chromosome do not undergo multiple rounds of DNA
      replication during polytenization of X/Ybb- cells.

PMID- 6813194
TI  - [Characteristics of spontaneous plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis on a
      solid medium].

PMID- 6813195
TI  - Clinical ERG findings in ethambutol intoxication.
AB  - The human electroretinogram (ERG), evoked by white flashes of extremely short
      duration (10 microseconds), shows a typical dependence on flash intensity.
      Increasing stimulus intensity increases the amplitude of the a-wave until
      saturation is reached. The amplitude of the b-wave reaches a maximum value with
      flashes of middle intensity, then decreases at higher stimulus strengths. The
      values of a-wave amplitude saturation, defined as 100%, may serve as a basis for
      standardizing the various amplitude-intensity relationships of the a- and b-wave.
      The b-wave function, calculated in this way, shows different maximum values
      depending on whether it was determined after light adaptation or in dark
      adaptation and low interindividual variability. However, the difference between
      bmax in dark and light adaptation is markedly decreased in the case of ethambutol
      intoxication. ERG changes are only detected in severe cases (total central
      scotoma) and are below the discrimination level in cases with moderate symptoms
      (relative central scotoma, visual acuity greater than 0.4-0.5).

PMID- 6813196
TI  - [Use of laser radiation in hygienic research].

PMID- 6813197
TI  - [Biochemical indices of the healthy individual exposed to high concentrations of
      carbon monoxide and dioxide in a hermetically sealed chamber].

PMID- 6813198
TI  - Effect of urogastrone on gastric secretion and serum gastrin concentration in
      patients with duodenal ulceration.
AB  - A one-hour infusion of 0.25 micrograms/kg urogastrone administered to seven
      patients with duodenal ulceration resulted in significant reduction of basal acid
      secretion (p less than 0.05) but was without significant effect on basal pepsin
      and intrinsic factor secretion or on serum gastrin concentration. In another
      group of five patients with duodenal ulceration a one-hour infusion of
      urogastrone was given on five successive days. On day 1 and 5 urogastrone was
      administered after establishing a plateau response to intravenous pentagastrin
      1.2 micrograms/kg/h. A mean reduction of 65% in acid output during the
      urogastrtone infusion was seen on day 1 and this was maintained during the next
      hour. On day 5 the pentagastrin-stimulated acid output was less than on day 1 and
      a further significant decrease was noted after urogastrone. Pepsin and intrinsic
      factor output were also significantly inhibited. There was no change in fasting
      serum gastrin or urogastrone concentration.

PMID- 6813199
TI  - Effects of prolonged alcohol administration and a high carbohydrate-low protein
      diet on the activities of the jejunal brush border enzymes in the rat.
AB  - The effects of prolonged alcohol administration were studied on the brush border
      enzyme activities of the jejunum in rats receiving either a normal laboratory
      diet or a high carbohydrate-low protein for several weeks. Alcohol (15%) given in
      association with the normal diet provoked a stimulation of sucrase, maltase, and
      lactase activities after four weeks, but no significant modification in
      aminopeptidase activity. These results obtained for the disaccharidases were very
      similar to those observed with the high carbohydrate-low protein diet given
      without alcohol, although major differences were obvious in the timing of enzyme
      stimulation. In contrast, this dietary condition initiated a drop in
      aminopeptidase activity. When alcohol was given in association with the high
      carbohydrate-low protein diet, no modification in aminopeptidase activity was
      detected and the stimulation for the disaccharidase activities was similar to
      that observed with the high carbohydrate-low protein diet given alone. The
      present results suggest that the mechanisms involved in the stimulation of brush
      border disaccharidase activities were different for alcohol and for the high
      carbohydrate-low protein diet.

PMID- 6813200
TI  - Clinical experience of zinc supplementation during intravenous nutrition in
      Crohn's disease: value of serum and urine zinc measurements.
AB  - Serum zinc concentrations and urine zinc excretion have been studied in 10
      patients with severe Crohn's disease before and during 59 patient-weeks of
      intravenous nutrition. Before serum zinc concentrations (9.9 +/- 1.0 mumol/l:
      mean +/- SEM) and urine zinc excretion (3-3 +/- 0.6 mumol/24h) were less than
      controls (p less than 0.01). No patients had clinical signs of zinc deficiency
      before intravenous nutrition and none developed signs during it. There was no
      overall change in serum zinc concentrations, despite improvements in body weight,
      skinfold thickness, and mid-arm circumference in all patients, and increased
      serum albumin and serum transferrin concentrations during all but two periods of
      intravenous nutrition. Nor was there any relationship between serum zinc
      concentrations and zinc uptake (up to 220 mumol/day), serum zinc concentrations
      remaining significantly lower than control levels. Urine zinc excretion during
      the first week of intravenous nutrition showed a 1.2 to 53-fold increase (mean 11
      fold) over pre-intravenous nutrition levels, and a positive relationship was
      demonstrated between zinc intake and urine zinc excretion. It is suggested that
      zinc supplied by the intravenous route is inefficiently transported to the
      tissues, and that some is excreted in the form of small molecular weight chelates
      into urine. Recommendations are made for the supply of intravenous zinc, based on
      monitoring urine zinc excretion in individual patients.

PMID- 6813201
TI  - Care of the acutely ill older adult: Part two. Nutritional management.

PMID- 6813202
TI  - Single-agent adriamycin followed by combination hexamethylmelamine
      cyclophosphamide for advanced ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 6813203
TI  - Indirect haemagglutination reaction with Sarcocystis dispersa antigen.
AB  - A description is given of the preparation of antigen from Sarcocystis dispersa
      cystozoites and the procedure of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The
      antibodies against this antigen were detected in experimentally infected mice
      from day 20 p.i. (1: 640). In the following weeks the antibody titres reached the
      value of 1: 40,960. The sera of pigs, sheep and horses spontaneously infected
      with other Sarcocystis species reacted with this antigen in low titres only. The
      bovine sera gave negative reactions even in cases when Sarcocystis cysts were
      present in the muscles of the examined animals. A possible application of IHA for
      the research and diagnostic purposes is discussed.

PMID- 6813204
TI  - Infection of mice immunized with formolized cystozoites of Sarcocystis dispersa
      Cerna, Kolarova et Sulc, 1978.

PMID- 6813205
TI  - [Effect of d-pseudoephedrine on the central nervous system in mice].
AB  - Some pharmacological actions of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered d
      pseudoephedrine (d-pseudo) on the central nervous system of mice were compared
      with those of l-ephedrine (l-eph). Locomotor activity was increased by l-eph (50,
      100 and 200 mg/kg,) but not by d-pseudo (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Wheel-revolving
      activity was reduced by a 200 mg/kg dose of both drugs. Rectal temperature was
      increased by l-eph at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. However, it was decreased by 50 and
      100 mg/kg doses of d-pseudo, and the change in response to 200 mg/kg of d-pseudo
      was biphasic, decreasing first and increasing subsequently. Pentobarbital-induced
      sleeping time was shortened by l-eph (50 and 100 mg/kg), but was not influenced
      by any of the doses of d-pseudo. In the experiment on locomotor activity, L-3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (400 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated the effects of d-pseudo and
      l-eph, but reserpine (1 mg/kg, day X 5 days, i.p.) and 6-hydroxydopamine (40
      micrograms/mouse, intracerebroventricular injection) potentiated only the effect
      of l-eph. These results suggest that the effect of d-pseudo on the central
      nervous system of mouse is not only weaker than that of l-eph, but also the
      mechanisms of action of these two substances are different.

PMID- 6813206
TI  - [Alpha-methyldopa and brain monoamines].
AB  - Alpha-methyldopa (alpha-MDP) is a widely used hypotensive agent, and it is
      considered to act on the central nervous system. In the present study, 6
      hydroxydopa (6-OHDP) was injected into spontaneously hypertensive rats in a dose
      of 50 mg/kg on the 19th and 21st days of gestation. Dopamine contents were not
      changed, but norepinephrine (NE) decreased at 12 weeks of age. When the effect of
      alpha-MDP was examined at the age of 30 to 40 weeks, the decrease in blood
      pressure induced by 300 mg/kg alpha-MDP i.p. was significantly attenuated in the
      6-OHDP treated rats. Whenever the hypotensive effects of alpha-MDP were
      inhibited, production of alpha-methylnorepinephrine (alpha-MNE) was markedly
      reduced only in the spinal cord. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was also injected
      into the spinal cord at the C4 level. Although alpha-MDP lowered blood pressure
      in both 6-OHDA treated and non-treated control rats, the decreased in 6-OHDA
      treated rats tended to be less pronounced. The accumulation of alpha-MNE in the
      caudal area of the spinal cord was markedly reduced. Furthermore, in order to
      destroy the spinal serotonergic neurons selectively, we used intraspinal 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in the same manner as 6-OHDA injection. In 5,7-DHT
      treated rats, the blood pressure was decreased fully. These observations seem
      sufficient to hypothesize, although not to conclude, that the effect of alpha-MDP
      on the blood pressure is dependent at least partly on the biotransformation to
      alpha-MNE in the spinal noradrenergic neurons.

PMID- 6813207
TI  - Polyspecific association between Saguinus fuscicollis, Saguinus labiatus,
      Callimico goeldii and other primates in North-Western Bolivia.
AB  - During a 5-month field study on the primates of northern Bolivia, it was found
      that two callitrichid species, Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus labiatus, formed
      apparently stable mixed troops, sharing a common home range, and associating for
      approximately 50% of their day. The groups joined together each morning and
      sometimes stayed together for several hours, up until mid-afternoon. In some
      localities, a Callimico goeldii group was also present, and they shared the same
      home range and associated a great deal with the mixed Saguinus troop. The
      mechanisms by which these associations are established and maintained are
      discussed. Possible reasons for the high degree of polyspecific association are
      proposed. Other associations between the Saguinus species and larger primates are
      also described.

PMID- 6813209
TI  - Comparative rates of elimination of some individual polychlorinated biphenyls
      from the blood of PCB-poisoned patients in Taiwan.
AB  - In 1979, a mass outbreak of poisoning occurred in Central Taiwan due to the
      ingestion of rice-bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
      The major PCB isomers and congeners in the toxic rice oil and in the blood of PCB
      poisoned patients were characterized by gas chromatography and gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry using a highly efficient glass capillary column.
      The elimination of some major individual PCBs from blood of these patients was
      studied. The results indicate that tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls with adjacent
      unsubstituted carbon atoms at meta-para positions are rapidly eliminated from the
      blood of patients, while PCBs with the same degree of chlorination but with
      adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms at ortho-meta positions are eliminated more
      slowly. The results also indicate that most of the hexa- and
      heptachlorobiphenyls, with adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms at ortho-meta
      positions of the biphenyl ring, are eliminated very slowly. Laboratory-animal
      studies have indicated that PCB excretion depends primarily on the rate of
      metabolism; therefore these differences in rates of elimination of PCBs should
      reflect the differences in their rates of metabolism.

PMID- 6813208
TI  - Effect of cyclopropenoid fatty acids on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function
      oxidase system and aflatoxin metabolism in rabbits.
AB  - Male New Zealand weanling rabbits were fed a diet containing 0.25% cyclopropenoid
      fatty acids for 28 days. Compared with the controls, the rabbits given
      cyclopropenoid fatty acids showed retarded growth, some moderate liver
      histological damage, altered hepatic mixed-function-oxidase activities and minor
      variations in vitro [14C]aflatoxin B1 metabolism. In in vitro assays the major
      hepatic metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was aflatoxicol (AFL) and the major AFL
      metabolite was AFB1. Minor amounts of aflatoxin M1 and a metabolite believed to
      be AFL-M1 were formed. The similarity of this AFB1 metabolite pattern to that in
      rainbow trout, taken together with the apparent absence of AFB1 detoxification
      products is consistent with the sensitivity of both species to the acute effects
      of AFB1.

PMID- 6813210
TI  - [In vitro activity and resistance behavior of the penicillins against Staph.
      aureus].
AB  - Strains of staphylococci sensitive and resistant to ampicillin were examined in
      their resistance to oxacillin, propicillin and penicillin G. For all the examined
      strains oxacillin showed values in the range of sensitiveness, propicillin proved
      itself distinctly more active in vitro than penicillin G resp. V. The
      satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties and the higher stability against
      penicillinase might result in an increased therapeutical security of the
      treatment with propicillin compared with penicillin V.

PMID- 6813211
TI  - [Rapid attenuation of effects of isosorbide dinitrate during long-term treatment
      of chronic congestive heart failure].

PMID- 6813213
TI  - Intraperitoneal infusion of EDTA in the rat blocks completely the prolactin rise
      in the plasma during suckling.
AB  - Lactating rats supplied with chronically indwelling intravenous (i.v.) and
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) catheters were allowed to suckle after a night of
      isolation from their offspring. The effect of infusions of saline and EDTA, given
      i.v. or i.p. on the suckling-induced rise of plasma prolactin was evaluated by
      radioimmunoassay. i.v. saline and EDTA did not affect the normal prolactin rise
      induced by suckling. However, i.p. EDTA completely blocked this rise, while the
      weight gain of the pups during the suckling period was only slightly depressed.
      i.p. EDTA had no suppressive effect on the perphenazine-induced rise of plasma
      prolactin and caused only a moderate inhibition of the prolactin rise in the
      plasma evoked by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and by brief exposure to ether.
      The experiments indicate, that because i.p. EDTA probably stimulates dopamine
      only slightly, it must inhibit prolactin secretion via another mechanism. This
      study, therefore, strongly supports the idea that more than one hypothalamic
      factors affect prolactin release during suckling.

PMID- 6813212
TI  - A study of thyroid hormone influence on the gonad in hyperthyroid males.

PMID- 6813215
TI  - Islet-pancreas-transplantation and artificial pancreas. Workshop Vouliagmeni
      Beach/Athens 1980.

PMID- 6813214
TI  - Inhibition of ovarian follicle growth by a chemical antiestrogen.
AB  - Effect of a chemical antiestrogen, cis-clomiphene, on FSH-induced ovarian
      follicle growth was studied morphometrically in hypophysectomized immature female
      rats. NIH-FSH-S12 alone or in combination with cis-clomiphene was injected to
      hypophysectomized rats and the ovarian weight, histological findings of the
      ovary, the number of growing and atretic follicles, the uptake of tritiated
      thymidine by the ovary and labelling indices of growing follicles were
      investigated with reference to their morphometric aspects. A chemical
      antiestrogen, cis-clomiphene, inhibited FSH-induced ovarian follicle growth. The
      results suggest that endogenous estrogen secretion plays a role in the ovarian
      response to FSH, and FSH-induced follicular growth is mediated by endogenous
      estrogen.

PMID- 6813216
TI  - The future of health maintenance organizations.
AB  - Health maintenance organizations, though in existence since about 1940, gained
      nationwide attention in the early 1970s as an efficient system for delivering
      health care services. Though initially condemned by organized medicine as
      unethical, the HMO has today become a rapidly growing health care system, and
      one, according to the author, vital to the future of the private practice of
      medicine. The author sketches the history of third-party payers, and the role of
      the government in health care since the Depression and discusses its effect on
      private practice. The HMO, fostered by government action under the Nixon
      administration, is viewed as a pro-competitive wedge that will break the long
      standing monopoly held by Blue Cross-Blue Shield, hospitals, and local medical
      societies. It is through the HMO or an HMO-like model that the future health care
      system will become more cost-effective, egalitarian, and accessible to those in
      need of services, the author says.

PMID- 6813217
TI  - Cost measurement and cost data in mental health settings.
AB  - Costs play a major role in determining the types of mental health services that
      are delivered and thus are a key factor in any discussion of the future of mental
      health services. The author presents some of the available cost data for care
      provided in three kinds of settings: hospitals; nonhospital settings such as
      halfway houses, health maintenance organizations, and community mental health
      centers; and comprehensive community programs. He discussed the methodological
      and measurement problems in the estimation of costs and the difficulties in
      comparing costs across settings. He emphasizes the need for cost data that permit
      accurate an comparable predictions of costs that will assist policymakers in
      making intelligent choices between types of services.

PMID- 6813218
TI  - Swing beds: new diversification opportunity for small and rural hospitals.

PMID- 6813219
TI  - Quality assurance: evaluating services of small, swing-bed hospitals.

PMID- 6813220
TI  - Reimbursement: "carve-out' method benefits swing-bed hospitals.

PMID- 6813221
TI  - Planning: implementing new swing-bed programs.

PMID- 6813222
TI  - Approaches to management of cancer of the esophagus.

PMID- 6813223
TI  - Rifampin prophylaxis against H. flu type b spread - is it valid?
AB  - H. influenzae can cause not only meningitis in children but epiglottitis,
      cellulitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, and bacteremia. It is possible to radically
      reduce, if not abolish, the spread of this pathogen. But effective prophylaxis
      requires answers to questions of practicability relative to the availability,
      cost, and logistics of administering rifampin to contacts, as has been
      recommended.

PMID- 6813224
TI  - Can a physician heal a 'hex'?

PMID- 6813225
TI  - Two decades of diarrhea in an elderly woman.

PMID- 6813226
TI  - Fibrinolytic therapy in thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 6813227
TI  - Health care for the poor: changing the rules.

PMID- 6813229
TI  - Health in the Batey Libertad: a physician's impressions.

PMID- 6813228
TI  - Batey Libertad and 'life's unremitting contingencies'.

PMID- 6813230
TI  - Controversies in cardiology. Proposed: valve replacement is indicated in
      asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular function.

PMID- 6813231
TI  - Growing up black in the USA--the dynamics.

PMID- 6813232
TI  - The tylenol episode: a statement from the manufacturer.

PMID- 6813233
TI  - Exercise testing, jogging, and sudden death.

PMID- 6813234
TI  - PQ- and ST-segment distortion.

PMID- 6813235
TI  - Cellulitis and agitation: the haloperidol effect.

PMID- 6813236
TI  - Bone pain persisting after lung resection.

PMID- 6813238
TI  - Fetal and cancer cells: some intriguing links.

PMID- 6813237
TI  - GI pain, hepatitis, rash after marrow transplant.

PMID- 6813240
TI  - Prominent Q waves without chest pain.

PMID- 6813239
TI  - Essential hypertension in children.

PMID- 6813241
TI  - Increased sister chromatid exchanges in epileptic children during long-term
      therapy with phenytoin.

PMID- 6813243
TI  - Sodium fluoride mouthrinse. Three-year study.

PMID- 6813242
TI  - Benzal chloride.

PMID- 6813244
TI  - HLA-DR antigens: structure, separation of subpopulations, gene cloning and
      function.

PMID- 6813247
TI  - Role for proteases & alkaline phosphatase in streptomycin biosynthesis.

PMID- 6813246
TI  - Effect of a single oral dose of DDT on lipid metabolism in protein-calorie
      malnourished monkeys.

PMID- 6813245
TI  - Cell type conversion in a mouse melanoma cell clone.
AB  - A melanoma cell clone was isolated from cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells. This
      clone, conv, which was characterized by rounded and spindle-shaped cell
      morphology, was not highly melanotic under the usual culture condition but had
      high tyrosinase (dopa oxidase) activity. When the cells were seeded to form
      colonies on a plastic culture dish in Eagle's minimum essential medium
      supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum, two kinds of cell types always appeared.
      One was cytochemically dopa-positive and spindle-shaped (S type cell) with the
      same phenotypes as those of the parental cells. The other was dopa-negative and
      fibroblastlike (F type cell) containing no melanosomes. It was observed that the
      conversion from S type to F type occurred with a high frequency. The conversion
      from F type to S type also occurred but with a low frequency.

PMID- 6813248
TI  - Relationship between collagen and fibres in induced preneoplastic lesion in the
      skin of rabbit.

PMID- 6813249
TI  - [The diagnostic value of lectins for the epidemiology of Chagas' disease and the
      differentiation of Leishmania from the Old and New World].
AB  - An interspecific differentiation between T. cruzi, T. rangeli and T. conorhini
      can be done with the lectin II from the marine sponge Aaptos papillata.
      Independently from the origin the T. cruzi strains can intraspecifically
      subdivided into two strain-groups from WGA-type and PNA-type. The Leishmania
      strains from the Old World can inter- and intraspecifically distinguished by
      lectins while the strains from the New World form only two groups. A comparison
      of the agglutination-behaviour of the Leishmania parasites shows that strains of
      L. m. mexicana, L. b. braziliensis, L. aethiopica and L. m. amazonensis belong to
      the same type. The second agglutination-type includes strains of L. t. major
      (Near East), L. m. amazonensis and L. m. pifanoi.

PMID- 6813251
TI  - The presence of a receptor for complement on T lymphocytes. Restriction of the
      complement receptor to Fc-receptor-bearing T lymphocytes.
AB  - Using rhodaminated guinea pig anti-ovalbumin:ovalbumin:complement complexes, a
      fluoresceinated monoclonal anti-Thy 1 antibody and a FACS-II equipped with dual
      fluorescence detection channels, we find that 25-30% of Thy 1+ splenocytes
      express a receptor for complement. That a receptor for complement is involved in
      binding the guinea-pig AgAb:C' complexes is supported by the observations that:
      a) guinea-pig complexes, which were not treated with a serum source of complement
      or which were treated with either fresh serum in the presence of EDTA or with
      heat-inactivated serum, do not bind to the T lymphocytes, and b) heat-aggregated
      human gamma globulin, which effectively inhibits binding of mouse AgAb complexes
      to the aFcR gamma, has no effect on the binding of guinea-pig AgAb:C' complexes
      to the T lymphocytes. By analyzing cell subpopulations isolated by cell sorting,
      it is demonstrated that the C'R-positive T lymphocyte clearly delineates a major
      subpopulation of aFcR gamma-positive T lymphocytes, whereas no cells are found
      bearing a C'R, while lacking the aFcR gamma. The implications of the presence of
      a C'R in immunoregulation are discussed.

PMID- 6813250
TI  - [Susceptibility testing with fosfomycin in an agar diffusion test on Mueller
      Hinton agar].
AB  - A disc loading of 50 microgram fosfomycin + 50 microgram glucose-6-phosphate is
      recommended for disc susceptibility testing. Regression analyses for the
      correlation of the diameter of inhibition zones with the MIC result in the
      following equations. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa x = -0.15 y + 16.67 and for
      Enterobacteriacae plus gram-positive cocci x = -0.34 y + 19.55 (x = log2MIC + 9;
      y = diameter of inhibition zone in mm). The correlation coefficients are r = 
      0.9219 and -0.8627 respectively. The analysis yield the following zone diameter
      interpretive standards. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa less than 12 mm resistant,
      greater than or equal to 25 mm susceptible, and for Enterobacteriaceae plus gram
      positive cocci less than 14 mm resistant, greater than or equal to 20 mm
      susceptible.

PMID- 6813252
TI  - T-cell recirculation in the sheep: migratory properties of cells from lymph
      nodes.
AB  - T lymphocytes derived from different sources in sheep were compared for their
      ability to recirculate from blood to lymph. Nylon wool columns were used to
      prepare T-cell-enriched populations from efferent intestinal lymph, efferent
      prescapular lymph and from cell suspensions of mesenteric lymph nodes and
      prescapular lymph nodes. With each animal, T cells from two of the above sources
      were labelled in vitro, one population with fluorescein isothiocyanate the other
      with rhodamine isothiocyanate; both populations were returned to the animal at
      the same time by intravenous injection. The intestinal lymph and prescapular
      lymph were continuously monitored to compare the recirculating properties of the
      two populations of T cells. This technique led to confirmation of the earlier
      reports in sheep of a preferential recovery of intestinal lymph T cells and of
      prescapular lymph T cells in the lymph from which the cells were originally
      collected. This phenomenon was much less evident with T cells from mesenteric
      nodes and prescapular nodes and in a number of experiments a random pattern of
      recirculation occurred. It is concluded that there are differences in the
      composition of the T-cell population in a node compared with that of the lymph
      draining the node. The advantages of using fluorescently-labelled cells to study
      lymphocyte migration are discussed.

PMID- 6813254
TI  - Effect of temperature on frequency of crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6813253
TI  - Guinea-pig lymphotoxin-mediated cytotoxicity and activation of endogenous
      phospholipase A2.
AB  - The effect of cations on lysis of target cells (L . P3 cells) by guinea-pig
      lymphotoxin (GLT) was examined. Depletion of Ca2+ ions from the extracellular
      environment caused limited cytolysis, whereas addition of Ca2+ led to enhanced
      lysis. By applying the GLT pulse technique, it was shown that Ca2+ was not
      required for the initial step of GLT-mediated cytolysis, the step of binding of
      GLT molecules to target cell membranes. Among other cations tested, La3+ was
      found to interfere with the cytolytic action. Neither Mg2+ nor Mn2+ was
      effective. When target cells whose phospholipids were specifically radiolabelled
      at the C-2 position with [14C]-arachidonic acid were treated with GLT,
      radioactivity in the phospholipid fraction decreased. On the contrary, that in
      the free fatty acid, triglyceride and diglyceride fractions increased. This
      indicates the existence of endogenous phospholipase A2 that can be activated by
      GLT. Activation of the enzyme was partially inhibited by addition of EGTA with a
      concomitant decrease of cytolysis. When GLT was added to a crude membrane
      fraction of the radiolabelled L . P3 cells, liberation of free fatty acids from
      phospholipids was readily observed, but the increase of triglyceride-associated
      radioactivity was negligible. In this case, Ca2+ was found to be prerequisite for
      the GLT-induced activation of the enzyme. The results suggest that GLT-induced
      cytolysis includes a substantially Ca2+-dependent rate-limiting stage which comes
      after the binding of GLT to the target cells. Activation of membrane
      phospholipase A2 may be at least one of the biochemical changes that constitutes
      the Ca2+-dependent stage, although it remains to be clarified whether the
      activation of phospholipase A2 is directly responsible for target cell
      destruction or not.

PMID- 6813255
TI  - Effect of centchroman on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins in
      immature female rats.

PMID- 6813256
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparative study of aeruginocin typing and antibiotic
      susceptibility patterns.

PMID- 6813257
TI  - Does grading of PEM with reference to Harvard standard need a change?

PMID- 6813258
TI  - Nasojejunal feeding in high risk infants: recent trends.

PMID- 6813259
TI  - Dietary management of malnutrition.

PMID- 6813260
TI  - Granulocytes utilize different energy sources for movement and phagocytosis.
AB  - Granulocytes depend on anaerobic glycolysis for the energy required for
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing. Two potential sources of the
      needed glucose are available: exogenous glucose and intracellular glycogen. These
      studies demonstrate that chemotaxin-induced movement of granulocytes induces
      accelerated uptake of exogenous glucose while phagocytosis does not, presumably
      utilizing instead the relatively slow process of glycogenolysis. As measured by
      incorporation of extracellular radiolabeled hexoses [1-14C]glucose or
      [3H]deoxyglucose), the soluble chemotaxin-aggregants of granulocytes, nF-met-leu
      phe, C5ades arg, bacterial filtrate, or arachidonic acid all augment
      transmembrane hexose uptake. This insulin-like activity closely parallels the
      dose-related effects of these agents on induction of granulocyte aggregation and
      chemotaxis. Insulin, itself, affects glucose transport minimally and mainly at
      supraphysiologic concentrations. In contrast, phagocytic stimuli fail to enhance
      hexose uptake at all, despite stimulating catabolism of glucose, which in turn is
      probably generated by glucogenolysis. these data show that granulocytes, whose
      motile function occurs in glucose-rich milieu, alter in tandem their cellular
      glucose uptake with their movement response. For phagocytosis, which often occurs
      in hypoglycotic, purulent exudates, granulocytes depend on stored energy supplies
      -probably glycogen. This coordination may be crucial in supporting granulocyte
      antimicrobial activity during acute inflammation.

PMID- 6813261
TI  - [Treatment of glycogenosis type III with total parenteral nutrition, continuous
      intragastric infusion and D-thyroxine].
AB  - A 4-year-old patient with glycogenosis type III suffered from hypoglycemic
      attacks during the night and from an enormous hepatomegaly. The latter was the
      cause of a life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. Shrinkage of the liver
      size was an urgent necessity. The beneficial influences of total parenteral
      nutrition, continuous intragastric infusion during the night, and of D-tyhroxin
      are described.

PMID- 6813262
TI  - [Nutritional therapy of tumor patients before, during and after radiotherapy with
      a new promoter system--Nutromat].
AB  - Nutrition and metabolism are vital functions just as respiration and cardio
      vascular function which influence general well-being, physical and mental
      capacity, immunocompetence and wound healing. Malnutrition is a high-risk factor
      and carries a high morbidity and mortality. 30-50% of our patients nowadays are
      malnourished. Particularly tumor patients suffer from malnutrition which is still
      aggravated by radiotherapy and its side effects. Therefore the accompanying
      alimentary guidance and treatment are very important factors. A plan comprising
      several degrees from dietary guidance, forced oral and enteral nutrition to
      intravenous hyperalimentation has proved to be practicable. For the ambulatory
      radiotherapy of our ORL-patients, we have recently been applying a Nutromat, a
      promoter system operating according to the Bakey pump system and serving for
      continuous or discontinuous enteral nutrition therapy with formula or elementary
      diets. The authors describe principle and function of the device and present
      their first experiences. By using early and consequently this device for our
      irradiated patients, we hope to prevent or heal malnutrition, ameliorate the
      tolerance of tumor therapy and the patient's energy, increase the physical and
      psychical health, reduce the incidence of complications, reestablish the
      immunocompetence, and improve the survival and life quality of the patients.

PMID- 6813263
TI  - [Carbohydrate infusions in internal diseases. A comparative study in
      metabolically healthy, liver diseased and diabetic patients. VIII. Continuous
      infusions of low dosage carbohydrate mixtures in patients with liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Basic caloric needs of patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and healthy
      controls were supplied for 48 h with mixtures of glucose, fructose, sorbite, and
      xylit. Mixed solutions (20% w/v) containing glucose + fructose (n = 6), glucose +
      sorbite (n = 36), glucose + xylit (n = 37) in a 1:1 ratio, and glucose + fructose
      + xylit (n = 6) in a 1:2:1 ratio as well as glucose alone (n = 6) were
      administered in a dosage of 0.25 g/kg/h each. Utilization of the monosubstances,
      corresponding blood levels, and the effects on parameters of carbohydrate and
      lipid metabolism were frequently controlled. In contrast to mixed solutions,
      infusion of glucose alone caused a pronounced increase of the insulin levels and
      hyperglycemia in some patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. In both groups
      infusion of glucose + xylit was accompanied by a rise of uric acid levels. In
      liver cirrhotics a permanent decrease of phosphate as well as an increase of
      xylit concentrations were observed. These changes were not seen with xylit
      lowered to 50%, in glucose + fructose + xylit infusion. Therefore, we recommend
      to restrict xylit in liver cirrhotics to 100/24 h. No significant changes of
      blood gas measurements, ph values, hyperlactatemia, or lactic acidosis were seen.
      There was no difference in the anticatabolic, antilipolytic, and antiketogenic
      effect of the solutions. The least changes of all controlled parameters were
      observed with glucose + fructose and glucose + fructose + xylit infusions.

PMID- 6813264
TI  - [Postoperative nutrition of maxillary surgery patients with the instant formula
      diet].
AB  - 33 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the instant
      formula diet Nutricomp F via a nasogastric tube for a mean time of 10 days.
      According to intolerance tube feeding had to be interrupted in 3 patients. Other
      side effects of nutrition with Nutricomp F were diarrhea (2,9%), nausea (1,2%),
      vomiting (1,2%) and eructation (1,2%). The mean frequency of defecation was
      0,64/day. Glucose content of the blood, water balance, body weight, serum
      electrolytes, liver enzymes, acid-base-balance and the protein content of the
      serum did not change significantly. The postoperative increase of urea content in
      the serum is believed to be independent from formula diet.

PMID- 6813265
TI  - [Plasma amino acids in gynecologic operations].
AB  - Complete solutions with amino-acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes are able to
      reduce the metabolic changes of so-called postaggression-metabolism (adaptation
      disease). The infusions can be used routinely for basic-partial parenteral
      nutrition from the end of operation treatment to beginning of oral nutrition. It
      is not necessary to control many parameters. Realising this practice
      postaggression-metabolism in gynecologic patients will be normalised soon.

PMID- 6813266
TI  - Glyoxylate metabolism and adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survival
      under anaerobic conditions.
AB  - Tuberculosis is characterized by periods in which the disease may be quiescent or
      even clinically inapparent, but in which tubercle bacilli persist and retain the
      potential to reactivate the disease. The present study was carried out in pursuit
      of an in vitro model which might contribute to the understanding of the
      physiology of nonreplicating persisters, with oxygen limitation used as the means
      of inducing this state. When actively growing aerated cultures of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis were suddenly placed under anaerobic conditions the bacilli died
      rapidly, with a half-life of 10 h. When the bacilli were grown in liquid medium
      without agitation, they adapted to the microaerophilic conditions encountered in
      the sediment; the adapted bacilli in the sediment did not replicate there but
      were tolerant of anaerobiosis, exhibiting a half-life of 116 h. Among the early
      events associated with the adaptation were the synthesis of an antigen designated
      URB, the function of which is not known, and a fourfold increase in isocitrate
      lyase activity. The bacilli later exhibited a 10-fold increase in synthesis of a
      glycine dehydrogenase that catalyzes the reductive amination of glyoxylate,
      concomitantly oxidizing NADH to NAD. Specific activities of other enzymes studied
      were either not affected or moderately diminished in the sedimented bacilli. It
      is proposed that the glyoxylate synthesis in this model serves mainly to provide
      a substrate for the regeneration of NAD that may be required for the orderly
      completion of the final cycle of bacillary replication before oxygen limitation
      stops growth completely. This orderly shutdown is essential to continued survival
      of M. tuberculosis in a quiescent form.

PMID- 6813267
TI  - Effect of polymers of L-lysine on the cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin.
AB  - L-Lysine and poly(L-lysine) polymers of defined sizes were tested for their
      effect on diphtheria toxin-mediated cytotoxicity of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
      Poly(L-lysine)8-12 and poly(L-lysine)15 were protective, whereas lysine and
      lysine polymers of three and four residues were not. The protection by poly(L
      lysine)8-12 occurred by affecting the initial toxin receptor interaction.
      Furthermore, poly(L-lysine)8-12 acted as a competitive inhibitor with an apparent
      dissociation constant of 6 X 10(-7) M. These observations are consistent with a
      previously proposed model (Proia et al., J. Biol. Chem. 256:4991-4997, 1981) in
      which (i) the cationic polyphosphate-binding site (P site) on the B fragment of
      diphtheria toxin interacts with a putative polyanionic binding site on the toxin
      receptor, and (ii) the protection of cells from diphtheria toxin by poly(L
      lysine) and other polycationic molecules would be the result of the competition
      between these polycationic molecules and the cationic domain of the diphtheria
      toxin molecule for the polyanionic toxin-binding site on the cell surface
      receptor.

PMID- 6813268
TI  - Factors influencing adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to influenza A virus
      infected cell cultures.
AB  - A quantitative radioassay was used to study the factors affecting the adherence
      of (3)H-labeled Staphylococcus aureus 1071 to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells,
      either uninfected or infected with the human FM1 strain of influenza A virus.
      Enhanced adherence to virus-infected cell cultures was independent of nonspecific
      factors-hydrophobicity, surface charge, and monolayer cell density. Viral
      hemagglutinin and neuraminidase did not act as the cell receptors for S. aureus
      because the growth of virus-inoculated monolayers in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of
      glycosylation) and the pretreatment of virus-infected cells with trypsin or virus
      specific antiserum, which inhibit hemadsorption, had no effect on staphylococcal
      adherence. In contrast, adherence to uninfected and virus-infected cells was
      significantly reduced by protease treatment of either monolayers or staphylococci
      and by heat treatment of staphylococci. UV irradiation and treatment of bacteria
      with 0.1 M EDTA enhanced adherence. Pretreatment of monolayers with a thermal
      extract of S. aureus decreased adherence by 89 to 97%. The staphylococcal
      adhesin, which blocks adherence to virus-infected cells, appears to be a
      remarkably heat-stable, protease- and trypsin-sensitive macromolecule which is
      distinct from protein A, clumping factor, and teichoic acid. Lastly, pretreatment
      of S. aureus with human fibrinogen significantly enhanced adherence to virus
      infected cells (P < 0.005) compared with binding with untreated S. aureus. The
      treated bacteria also adsorbed virus out of suspension. These results suggest
      that fibrinogen forms a bridge between S. aureus and receptors present on virus
      infected cells and free virus.

PMID- 6813271
TI  - Variation in selectivity of tumor cell cytolysis by murine macrophages,
      macrophage-like cell lines and NK cells.
AB  - Several murine tumor-cell lines were tested by isotope release assays for their
      susceptibility to lysis by either activated peritoneal macrophages (apMPh),
      macrophage-like (MPh-like) cell lines, or natural killer (NK) cells. The
      qualitative selectivity of tumor-cell lysis by these different effector cells was
      quite disparate. The rank order of target cell susceptibility to lysis by apMPh
      in 24 h assay was L5178Y greater than P815 approximately equal to RL male greater
      than YAC-1 approximately equal to MBL-2. This was seen regardless of whether
      peritoneal MPh (pMPh) were activated by LPS or poly I:C. Two MPh-like cell lines,
      PU-5R and FC-1, had a pattern of cytotoxic activity against these target cells
      that closely paralleled that associated with apMPh, although levels of reactivity
      differed quantitatively among the effector cells. In contrast, the MPh-like cell
      line RAW-264 expressed a qualitatively different pattern of target-cell
      selectivity, preferentially lysing MBL-2, which was relatively refractory to
      lysis by other MPh-like cell lines or apMPh in the 24 h cytolytic assay. When
      spontaneous or interferon (IFN)-augmented NK activity was measured against the
      same panel of target cells, the pattern of selectivity was qualitatively
      different from that observed for apMPh. The consistent rank order of
      susceptibility to lysis by NK cells was YAC-1 greater than RL male 1 greater than
      P815 approximately equal to L5178Y approximately equal to MBL-2. The
      characteristic patterns of target-cell selectivity for apMPh or NK cells were the
      same for all of the strains of mice tested. From the different selectivity
      patterns of apMPh and NK cells, it is concluded that lysis of target cells is not
      based solely on inherent sensitivity to cytolysis. Instead, selectivity of lysis
      is probably due to variations in expression of target-cell structures recognized
      by each type of effector cell, and/or in susceptibility to the lytic mechanism(s)
      of the various effector populations.

PMID- 6813270
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of human cells in culture associated with deficient
      repair of light-induced chromosomal DNA damage.

PMID- 6813269
TI  - Serum IgA: modulation of complement activation and induction of susceptibility to
      bacterial dissemination.
AB  - Data are presented that support the conclusion that serum IgA functions as a
      regulatory Ig that modulates activation of complement by bacteria entering the
      circulation in showers of low inoculum from mucosal sites of colonization, and
      that preserves the antigenic mass by shunting such low inocula into macrophages
      and away from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, thus permitting immunologic
      processing. This regulation is an integral part of the physiologic immune
      response to environmental antigens and occurs during the peripheralization of the
      IgA response following stimulation of Peyer's patches and their analog in the
      lung. Down-regulation of complement mediated immune effector mechanisms by
      circulating IgA is balanced delicately. Pathologic states that increase the level
      of circulating IgA or decrease the phagocytic capacity of the monocyte/macrophage
      compartment may result in an oligospecific increase in susceptibility to
      bacterial dissemination. Fortuitous, co-temporal colonization of both gut and
      distal mucosal lymphoid tissue may result in augmentation of the serum IgA
      response to levels which induce monospecific susceptibility. This latter
      mechanism appears to account for the epidemic acquisition of susceptibility to
      disseminated meningococcal disease. A model of the relation of serum IgA to other
      components of mucosal immunity is presented.

PMID- 6813272
TI  - Tachycardia induced reduction in coronary blood flow distal to a stenosis.
AB  - Clinical and experimental data indicate that some coronary stenoses can rapidly
      change shape thereby influencing the hemodynamic severity of the stenosis. In 7
      closed chest dogs, we examined the effects of distal coronary arteriolar
      vasomotor tone and myocardial oxygen demands on a coronary stenosis created by
      partial intraluminal occlusion, using a small balloon catheter. Myocardial blood
      flow (ml/g per min) was measured with 15-microns radioactive microspheres.
      Stenotic resistance was calculated as the mean pressure gradient across the
      stenosis divided by the mean blood flow through the stenosis. The mean pressure
      gradient was calculated as the ascending aortic pressure minus the left anterior
      descending coronary artery pressure distal to the stenosis. Coronary arteriolar
      vasodilation induced by pacing (170 beats/min) increased stenotic resistance
      (1.64 +/- 0.27 to 26.48 +/- 13.77 mmHg/ml per min, P less than 0.05) and
      decreased myocardial blood flow (endocardial 0.42 +/- 0.04 to 0.17 +/- 0.04, P
      less than 0.05, midcardial 0.35 +/- 0.03 to 0.13 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.05;
      epicardial 0.22 +/- 0.05 to 0.15 +/- 0.05). Five dogs fibrillated within 10 min
      of continuous tachycardia and partial arterial occlusion. The change in
      arteriolar vasomotor tone and decreased aortic pressure induced by pacing altered
      the severity of the stenosis and resulted in a reduction of blood flow to the
      myocardium.

PMID- 6813273
TI  - The treatment of maxillo-facial injuries in Great Britain in 1980.

PMID- 6813274
TI  - The aetiology of maxillo-facial injuries, with special reference to the abuse of
      alcohol.

PMID- 6813275
TI  - Closure of oroantral fistula with buccal flap: Rehrmann versus Moczar.
AB  - A prospective follow-up study of 90 patients with oroantral fistula, persisting
      for greater than or equal to 10 days, closed with a buccal flap and with systemic
      penicillin therapy has been carried out. The purpose was: (1) to compare the
      results after closure with a Rehrmann- and a Moczar-buccal flap; (2) to elucidate
      the reasons for failures; (3) to clarify when and why a permanent reduction of
      the vestibular height may occur after the use of buccal flaps. The material was
      divided into two groups: preoperative preparation (PP) group: 52 cases, closed
      with Rehrmann (n = 32) and Moczar flap (n = 20). PP included: a rhino-laryngeal
      examination and an antral irrigation. Follow-up period: 6-12 months. No PP group:
      38 Rehrmann flap cases without PP, and followed for 2 months. The analysis shows:
      (1) the result of closure is independent of the choice of flap; (2) the risk of
      failure is negligible by careful regimens (elimination of active maxillary
      sinusitis before/after closure, avoiding sneezing); (3) uneventful repair for 2
      months means permanent repair; (4) flattening of vestibulum for 2 months results
      in a persistent condition; (5) permanent flattening of the vestibulum will occur
      in about half of the Rehrmann flap cases, independent of the state of dentition
      or buccal alveolar bone loss; the risk of this complication after a Moczar flap
      is minimal; (6) scar tissue at the anterior incision of a Moczar flap is a
      frequent finding; (7) why a Rehrmann flap is the treatment of choice for patients
      with natural teeth and a Moczar flap for edentulous patients.

PMID- 6813276
TI  - Mural (intracystic) ameloblastoma.

PMID- 6813277
TI  - The follicular primordial cyst - odontogenic keratocyst.
AB  - Primordial cysts are often associated with unerupted teeth. Superimposition may
      result in a 'dentigerous cyst' appearance radiographically. There is usually no
      direct connection between the cyst lining and the follicle of the unerupted
      tooth. These have been termed envelopmental primordial cysts. In some instances,
      however, the primordial cyst actually surrounds the crown and the cyst lining is
      attached to the neck of the tooth in a true dentigerous relationship. We have
      called these lesions follicular primordial cysts. That portion of the lining
      immediately adjacent to the neck of the tooth consists of reduced enamel
      epithelium whereas the rest of the cyst is lined by typical primordial cyst
      epithelium. We believe that the follicular primordial cyst is extrafollicular in
      origin and suggest that it arises following eruption of a tooth into the cyst
      cavity in exactly the same manner as it would erupt into the oral cavity.

PMID- 6813278
TI  - Frey's syndrome. A complication after sagittal splitting of the mandibular ramus.

PMID- 6813279
TI  - Median mandibular cyst.

PMID- 6813280
TI  - A biological and microdosimetric intercomparison of 14 MeV d-T neutrons and 6 MeV
      cyclotron neutrons.

PMID- 6813281
TI  - Rapid methods for identification of common clinical isolates.

PMID- 6813282
TI  - Quantitative antibiogram as a potential tool for epidemiological typing.

PMID- 6813283
TI  - Comparison of broth and filtration methods for culturing of intravenous fluids.
AB  - Ninety-six specimens of intravenous fluid solutions (D5/025 NS) were inoculated
      with S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. agglomerans, or C.
      albicans in concentrations of .1, 1, 10, or 10(2) organisms/ml. They were
      cultured in tubes containing 5 ml of double enriched broth and after passage
      through a .45 mu pore membrane filter. After 24 hours of incubation, broth
      cultures were 68% as sensitive as the filter cultures (p less than .001). At the
      lowest concentration (.1 organism/ml) broth cultures wer only 45% as sensitive as
      the membrane filter technique after 24 hours of growth (p less than .001).
      Membrane filters provide a rapid method to accurately detect and quantitate the
      presence of microbial contamination even at very low levels of concentration. The
      simplicity and accuracy of the filtration method offers the clinician a valuable
      adjunct in managing suspected cases of intravenous fluid related sepsis.

PMID- 6813284
TI  - Effects of changes in arterial Po2 and Pco2 on the electroretinogram in the cat.
AB  - Changes in components of the electroretinogram during hyperoxia, hypoxia, and
      hypercapnia were studied to demonstrate retinal vascular autoregulation by
      electrophysiologic means. Autoregulation of the retinal arterial network is shown
      to stabilized the b-wave during hyperoxia (arterial PO2 of 395 mm Hg). During
      marked hypoxia, under ventilation with 10% and 5% O2, the b-wave decreased,
      indicating failure of autoregulation at the corresponding arterial PO2 levels of
      30 and 26 mm Hg. During hypercapnia, possible autoregulatory effects were
      counteracted by a low arterial pH, which decreased the b-wave amplitude. The
      findings provide new electrophysiologic evidence for autoregulation of the
      retinal vessels. The c-wave during changes in arterial PO2 and PCO2 underwent
      changes that correlate inversely with fluctuations in blood pressure that
      occurred during ventilation with test gas mixtures. Considering the linear
      relationship between blood pressure and choroidal flow, we suggest that the
      latter influences the amplitude of the c-wave.

PMID- 6813285
TI  - Radiation enhancement with iodinated deoxyuridine.
AB  - A technique, Photon Activation Therapy (PAT), is described in which high Linear
      Energy Transfer (LET) radiations in the form of Auger electron distributions are
      generated by a photon beam through photoactivation of stable iodine incorporated
      as an analog of thymidine (Tyd) in DNA. Of the several halogenated
      deoxyribonucleosides evaluated, iodinated deoxyuridine (IdUrd) was found to be
      the only viable choice as a Tyd analog for PAT. Calculations show that 5%
      replacement of Tyd in tumor DNA multiplies the biologic effectiveness of a given
      photon radiotherapy dose by a factor of approximately 3. If further therapeutic
      advantages accorded to high LET radiations are taken into account, as well as
      repair and regeneration of normal tissues during protracted irradiations, an
      advantage of approximately 6 is realized. Five percent replacement of Tyd has
      already been reported for human tumor in vivo. Higher replacements of Tyd with
      IdUrd would provide proportionately greater advantages. The expectation is that
      previous clinical results with BrdUrd and high-energy X-rays can be significantly
      improved upon through the use of IdUrd and suitable lower energy activating
      photons (35-50 keV). In particular, it is suggested that protracted irradiations
      with implanted sources such as 145Sm or 145Pm may provide unique advantages at
      selected sites such as brain or head and neck tumors.

PMID- 6813286
TI  - Effect of mouse peritoneal macrophages on scrapie infectivity during extended in
      vitro incubation.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to scrapie (ME7 strain) brain
      homogenate in vitro for 2 h at 37 degrees. The samples were assayed for
      infectivity by analysis of scrapie incubation periods and their values compared
      to those obtained after extended (1-28 days) in vitro incubation. The scrapie
      incubation periods for scrapie agent-macrophage mixtures which had undergone
      extended in vitro incubation were longer than for mixtures assayed after a 2-hour
      exposure to the scrapie agent. The difference in scrapie incubation periods was
      more dramatic when residual scrapie was eliminated by washing the cells after the
      2-hour exposure to brain homogenate. The scrapie incubation period also increased
      following in vitro incubation of ME7 in the absence of cells; however, the
      changes were less than those observed for scrapie agent-macrophage mixtures. In a
      culture in which cells had been destroyed by UV irradiation after exposure to the
      scrapie agent, there was more scrapie infectivity than in a comparable culture of
      untreated, scrapie-exposed macrophages. These results show that scrapie
      infectivity decreases with extended incubation of scrapie-exposed macrophages,
      and the data suggest that macrophages can inactivate the scrapie agent in vitro.

PMID- 6813287
TI  - A review of the production and clinical use of intravenous Anti-D immunoglobulin.

PMID- 6813288
TI  - Activation of the classical complement pathway by a polysaccharide from sugar
      cane.
AB  - The effects of an immunostimulating polysaccharide, Bo, from sugar cane, on the
      complement system have been investigated. Bo, a glucan of about 10,000 mol wt,
      was found to activate complement in whole human and guinea pig serum in vitro by
      the classical pathway. Complement consumption was also demonstrated in guinea
      pigs upon intravenous injection. Specifically, C1 is activated, and C4 and C2, as
      well as C3, are consumed. The activation is prevented when Ca++ ions are chelated
      by ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid, and when C1q is lacking. Hence, it does not
      rest on direct activation of C1s. Supplementation of C1q-deficient human serum
      with purified C1q restores the ability to be activated by Bo. The alternative
      pathway of complement is little if at all affected by the polysaccharide. The
      activation of C1 seems to be mediated by immune complex formation between Bo and
      naturally occurring immunoglobulins. Complement in sera from two severely
      hypogammaglobulinemic patients was not activated by Bo, but was made reactive by
      addition of purified human immunoglobulin G.

PMID- 6813289
TI  - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine upon primary and secondary thymus dependent immune
      responses.
AB  - Adult male mice were treated with various doses of 6-hydroxydopamine in order to
      assess the effects of this drug upon thymic dependent immunity. A consistent
      decrease in primary antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes was observed following
      treatment with this drug. Serum levels of thymosin alpha 1 were increased by day
      three after 6-OHDA with a return to normal by day five. Thymocyte terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase changes were biphasic with an initial decrease after
      6-OHDA followed by an increase. Changes in mitogen responsiveness were observed
      but were not consistently reproducible. Involvement of both catecholamines and
      corticosteroids in bringing about these observed changes was discussed.

PMID- 6813290
TI  - Diphtheria: studies on the biology of an infectious disease.

PMID- 6813291
TI  - Pituitary tumors and the Nobel prize.

PMID- 6813292
TI  - [Intravesical chemical prevention of recurrence of superficial urothelial bladder
      cancer. Progress report of the Urology Clinic of Mainz University 1975-1981].

PMID- 6813293
TI  - [Recurrence rate in adjuvant local chemotherapy of bladder cancer with mitomycin
      C].

PMID- 6813295
TI  - [Surgical technic in cervical achalasia and Zenker's diverticulum: extramucosal
      cricomyotomy and transverse myoplasty].

PMID- 6813294
TI  - [Intravesical chemical prevention of recurrence. A randomized animal experimental
      study].

PMID- 6813297
TI  - Gene conversion in the shibirets locus of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6813296
TI  - Volume of chromatin fibers in interbands and bands of polytene chromosomes.

PMID- 6813298
TI  - The relationship between carbonic anhydrases and zinc concentration of
      erythrocytes in patients under chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 6813299
TI  - Effect of beta-glucuronidase inhibitor from Mycobacterium tuberculosis against
      microbicidal activity in phagocytes of guinea pigs.

PMID- 6813300
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase. Presence
      in intercalated cells of the rat collecting tubule.
AB  - Specific antibodies against human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozyme C were
      used to determine the ultrastructural localization of this enzyme in the
      collecting ducts of rat kidney. Using a pre-embedding labeling technique,
      carbonic anhydrase C was found in the cytoplasm of intercalated cells, whereas
      the principal cells were negative.

PMID- 6813301
TI  - Cyclooxygenase metabolites in human lung anaphylaxis: airway vs. parenchyma.
AB  - We studied the generation of arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase metabolites (AACMs)
      during in vitro anaphylaxis of passively sensitized human lung parenchymal and
      airway fragments. Prostaglandins E, F2 alpha, D2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha,
      and thromboxane B2 (PGE, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, respectively)
      were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Results with airway tissue were compared with
      subpleural parenchymal fragments from the same lungs similarly challenged.
      Spontaneous generation of prostacyclin (PGI2), as measured by its stable
      metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, exceeded by two- to threefold other spontaneous
      AACM release in both bronchial and parenchymal fragments. In airway antigen
      produced variable AACM responses, but in general the rank order was 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha greater than PGE congruent to PGF2 alpha greater than PGD2 greater than
      TXB2. The rank for antigen-induced AACM release from parenchyma was 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha congruent to PGD2 much greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TXB2 congruent
      to PGE. In airway, as in parenchyma, very little AACM production during
      anaphylaxis can be attributed to smooth muscle contraction per se. Histamine
      released from bronchi (0.67 +/- 0.30 micrograms/g lung) was significantly less
      than from parenchyma (3.7 +/- 0.70 micrograms/g) despite comparable histamine
      content. At comparable levels of histamine release, the parenchyma produced
      greater quantities than bronchi of all AACMs except PGE. The comparatively
      limited bronchial capacity to generate PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TXB2, and histamine
      (airway constrictors) along with predominant generation of PGI2 and PGE (airway
      relaxants) may help preserve airway patency.

PMID- 6813303
TI  - Effect of posture on the ventilatory response to CO2.
AB  - The effect of sitting and supine posture on breathing patterns and gas exchange
      during room air breathing and administration of 2 and 4% CO2 was studied in nine
      normal subjects using a noninvasive canopy system. During air breathing minute
      ventilation (VE) was 21% (P less than 0.005) higher in the sitting position.
      Tidal volume (VT) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were also greater in the
      sitting position. With the administration of 4% CO2, VE was 13.9 and 20.0 1/min
      in the supine and seated position, respectively. The relationship between VE and
      VT was the same in both cases. For any given level of VE, VT/TI was higher in the
      seated position. No difference in response to CO2 as measured by delta VE/delta
      PaCO2 and (delta VT/TI)/delta PaCO2 was observed. However, arterial PCO2 was
      lower both in the resting and stimulated states when sitting.

PMID- 6813302
TI  - Regulation of glycogenolysis in human muscle at rest and during exercise.
AB  - The regulation of glycogenolysis in human muscle during isometric and dynamic
      exercise has been investigated. Total glycogen phosphorylase and synthase
      activities were unchanged during exercise. The fraction of phosphorylase in the
      alpha form at rest was estimated to be 20%, but the data indicate that the in
      vivo activity was low and critically dependent on the concentration of inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) in the muscle. Phosphorylase alpha increased initially 2.4-fold
      during isometric contraction and 1.6-fold during maximal bicycle exercise but
      reverted to or below the resting value at fatigue/exhaustion. At rest synthase I
      was 17-48% of the total activity but decreased during exercise to about half of
      this value. The reciprocal changes in phosphorylase and synthase correlate with
      the enhanced rate of glycogenolysis during exercise. Michaelis constant (Km) for
      Pi was 27 mmol . l-1 for phosphorylase alpha and 7 mmol . l-1 for alpha + b. From
      consideration of the changes in Pi during exercise (to 20-30 mmol . l-1) it was
      concluded that Pi is one of the main factors determining phosphorylase activity
      and provides a link between phosphocreatine breakdown and glycogen utilization in
      muscle.

PMID- 6813304
TI  - Metabolic gas effect on phase III slopes of single-breath nitrogen tests.
AB  - This study was designed to estimate the relative contribution of gas exchange to
      the slope of phase III and the mean respiratory quotient (R) during this
      maneuver. With eight normal volunteers, we studied single-breath nitrogen tests
      and single-breath reversed tests (SB-N2, SB-R) without and with CO2 added to the
      test inspiration (SB-N2CO2, SB-RCO2). With an inspired CO2 of about 6% the slope
      of phase III in SB-N2 and SB-N2CO2 increased from 0.87 +/- 0.24 (mean +/- SD) to
      1.03 +/- 0.21% N2.l-1 (P less than 0.01); however, in SB-R an SB-RCO2 the
      steepness of the slope of phase III decreased from 0.65 +/- 0.13% to 0.50 +/-
      0.14% N2.l-1 (P less than 0.01). From these data we can calculate that gas
      exchange accounted for 13% of the slope of phase III in SB-N2 and SB-R. The mean
      R value during the slope of phase III for this effect was between 0.6 and 0.7. R
      was further decreased when CO2 was added, and its influence was increased to 26%
      of the slope of phase III.

PMID- 6813305
TI  - Ovarian function during the estrous cycle of the cow: ovarian blood flow and
      progesterone release rate.
AB  - To study the function of the corpus luteum (CL) through its major secretory
      product, progesterone (P4), catheters were inserted into the carotid artery (via
      the facial artery) and the ovarian vein (n = 12), and electromagnetic flow
      transducers were placed around the ovarian artery in cycling Angus and Hereford
      cows (n = 6). Blood samples were taken four times daily (at 0600, 1200, 1800 and
      2400 h) and ovarian blood flow (OBF) was monitored for 60 min immediately after
      each blood sampling. After chromatography, P4 was measured by radioimmunoassay.
      The P4 concentrations in the ovarian vein (OP4) were correlated with day of the
      estrous cycle (r = .25; P less than .05) and were higher during the morning hours
      (P less than .05). Arterial progesterone (SP4) was correlated to OP4 (r = .24; P
      less than .05) and day of the cycle (r = .35; P less than .05). The OBF changed
      among days (P less than .05). The highest rates were noted during luteal
      maturation (23 ml/min; SE = .09) and the lowest were noted with the demise of the
      CL (SP4 less than 1 ng/ml) and approach of estrus (8 ml/min; SE = .07). The OBF
      was correlated with SP4 (r = .24; P less than .05), although no within-day trends
      were noted. Exogenous estrone (6 mg) administered via jugular vein decreased OBF
      within 30 to 45 min, but similar injections of P4 (up to 100 mg) had no effect.
      Progesterone release (P4R) from the ovary [(OP4 - SP4) x OBF] was higher in the
      morning hours (P less than .05). The P4 concentration (OP4, SP4) and release
      (P4R) exhibited wide variations among and within days. The changes in OP4 and P4R
      were both good indicators of CL development, maturation and regression, as
      associated with SP4 changes. Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations
      monitored in the carotid artery and ovarian vein indicated that the ovary with
      the CL was not limited in O2 availability or CO2 removal during periods of low
      blood flow or high secretion of P4.

PMID- 6813306
TI  - Evidence for seasonal and nutritional modification of ovarian and pituitary
      function in crossbred heifers and Brahman cows.
AB  - Alterations in endocrine response in the bovine female after consumption of
      monensin or exposure to changes in season were observed in two experiments.
      Thirty-three monensin-fed (M) or control (C) crossbred heifers in Exp. 1A were
      given a porcine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) challenge on d 16 to 21
      postestrus. Nine M heifers ovariectomized (OVX) on d 11 after the FSH-challenged
      estrus had a greater number of smaller corpora lutea (CL; P less than .005) than
      did nine d 11 OVX C heifers. Serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were greater
      in M on d 5 through 13 following the FSH-challenged estrus (P less than .001).
      Seven M and seven C Brahman cows in Exp. 1B given an identical FSH challenge had
      similar increases in CL number and size. In Exp. 2, blood samples were obtained
      from 14 M and 13 C Brahman cows during winter (WI), early spring (ESp) and late
      spring (LSp) to characterize the preovulatory LH surge. During each seasonal
      period, blood samples were taken hourly from estrus through 24 h postestrus for
      each cow. Only one of five WI-C cows had a preovulatory LH surge compared to five
      of five WI-M cows (P less than .01). No differences were found in the number of
      cows having an LH surge in ESp or LSp groups. Analysis of combined WI and ESp
      group values indicated a difference in timing of the LH surge by M or C
      treatment. Of those cows that had an LH surge, only three of 10 C had peak LH
      values later than the first sample taken, compared with 10 of 15 M (P less than
      .10). A heightened LH response was detected in M cows in all comparisons of LH
      surge profiles (P less than .005). Concurrent with changes in season from WI to
      ESp was an increase in number of C cows having an LH surge (one of five vs nine
      of 10; P less than .005), and elevated LH values in ESp-C and M groups compared
      with WI-C and M groups (P less than .05). Midluteal blood samples taken after
      every estrus indicated P4 to be greatest in February M cows (P less than .10) and
      P4 tended to be greater in February and lower in January for all groups.
      Conclusions are that monensin affects the FSH-P-induced ovulation rate of bovine
      females of all ages. Seasonal effects occurring between the shortest and longest
      days of the year exert their greatest influence on the preovulatory LH surge and
      P4 concentrations in Brahman cows between January and March. Seasonal effects
      appear to be partially modulated by nutritional factors.

PMID- 6813307
TI  - New method for differentiating members of the Bacillus cereus group:
      collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted of a new method for differentiating members
      of the Bacillus cereus group. Using the new method, each of 14 collaborators
      identified 8 Bacillus cultures, which represented 3 biotypes of the B. cereus
      group. Each culture was tested for motility, hemolytic activity on trypticase-soy
      sheep blood agar, and rhizoid growth on nutrient agar; carbol-fuchsin stain was
      used to determine the presence of protein toxin crystals. Cultures were
      identified as B. cereus (biotype 1), B. cereus var. mycoides (biotype 2), or B.
      thuringiensis (biotype 3). All collaborators correctly identified the unknown
      cultures and classified them correctly as to biotype. There were no statistically
      significant differences in the identification rates among the different
      laboratories. Additional tests by one participant on 5 strains of Bacillus
      anthracis showed that the new method is also adequate for differentiating B.
      anthracis from typically reacting strains of B. cereus. The method has been
      adopted interim official first action.

PMID- 6813308
TI  - Evaluation of glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide for sanitizing packaging
      materials of medical devices in sterility testing.
AB  - External surfaces of packaging materials used for sterile medical devices may
      introduce contaminants into working areas used for sterility testing. Light
      wiping with tissues moistened with alkaline 2% glutaraldehyde (Cidex) or 3%
      hydrogen peroxide effectively reduced counts on 5 X 8 cm strips of packaging
      material (Tyvek) inoculated with 10(7) spores of Bacillus subtilis. The ability
      of antimicrobial agents to penetrate packaging material and kill contaminants on
      the medical device was tested by inoculating filter membranes with ca 100 cells
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus or ca 100 spores of Bacillus
      subtilis. A sterile square of test packaging material placed over the inoculated
      membrane (direct method) or 0.5 cm above the membrane (indirect method) was wiped
      with the antimicrobial agent. Except for polyethylene film (3 mil), all materials
      tested, including glassine and several types of coated and uncoated Tyvek, were
      penetrated by the agents, killing cells on the inoculated membranes. Death rates
      varied, depending on the organism, packaging material, and testing method. It is
      suggested that penetration tests be performed before using antimicrobial agents
      for sanitizing packaging materials during sterility tests.

PMID- 6813309
TI  - Neurotic disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy: a controlled study.

PMID- 6813311
TI  - Identification of pilin pools in the membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The proteins of purified inner and outer membranes obtained from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strains PAK and PAK/2Pfs were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and treated
      with antiserum raised against pure pili. Bound antipilus antibodies were
      visualized by reaction with 125I-labeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus.
      The results showed that there are pools of pilin in both the inner and outer
      membranes of P. aeruginosa and that the pool size in the multipiliated strain is
      comparable with that of the wild-type strain.

PMID- 6813310
TI  - Permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane to hydrophilic solutes.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually resistant to a wide variety of antibacterial
      agents, and it has been inferred, on the basis of indirect evidence, that this
      was due to the low permeability of its outer membrane. We determined the
      permeability of P. aeruginosa outer membrane directly, by measuring the rates of
      hydrolysis of cephacetrile, cephaloridine, and various phosphate esters by
      hydrolytic enzymes located in the periplasm. The permeability to these compounds
      was about 100-fold lower than in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K-12.
      Also, we found that the apparent Km values for active transport of various carbon
      and energy source compounds were typically higher than 20 microM in P.
      aeruginosa, in contrast to E. coli in which the values are usually lower than 5
      microM. These results also are consistent with the notion that the P. aeruginosa
      outer membrane indeed has a low permeability to most hydrophilic compounds and
      that this membrane acts as a rate limiting step in active transport processes
      with high Vmax values.

PMID- 6813312
TI  - L-Serine deaminase activity is induced by exposure of Escherichia coli K-12 to
      DNA-damaging agents.
AB  - The synthesis of L-serine deaminase in Escherichia coli K-12 was induced after
      exposure of cells to a variety of DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation,
      nalidixic acid, and mitomycin C. Synthesis was also induced during growth at high
      temperature. A mutant constitutive for SOS functions showed an elevated level of
      L-serine deaminase activity. The response to DNA-damaging agents thus may be
      mediated via the SOS system.

PMID- 6813313
TI  - Purification and Mn2+ activation of Rhodospirillum rubrum nitrogenase activating
      enzyme.
AB  - The Fe protein activating enzyme for Rhodospirillum rubrum nitrogenase was
      purified to approximately 90% homogeneity, using DE52-cellulose chromatography
      and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Activating enzyme consists of a
      single polypeptide of molecular weight approximately 24,000. ATP was required for
      catalytic activity, but was relatively ineffective in the absence of Mg2+. When
      the concentration of MgATP2- was held in excess, there was an additional
      requirement for a free divalent metal ion (Mn2+) for enzyme activity. Kinetic
      experiments showed that the presence of Mg2+ influenced the apparent binding of
      Mn2+ by the enzyme, resulting in a lowering of the concentration of Mn2+ required
      to give half-maximum activity (K alpha) as the free Mg2+ concentration was
      increased. A low concentration of Mn2+ had a sparing effect on the requirement
      for free Mg2+. There is apparently a single metal-binding site on activating
      enzyme which preferentially binds Mn2+ as a positive effector, and free Mg2+ can
      compete for this site.

PMID- 6813314
TI  - Expression of the activating enzyme and Fe protein of nitrogenase from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Activating enzyme (AE) is responsible for the in vitro activation of inactive Fe
      protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum cells cultured anaerobically
      with glutamate as the N source. The expression of Fe protein and AE was examined
      in R. rubrum cultured photosynthetically or aerobically on media containing
      malate as the carbon source. One of the following N sources was used in each
      culture: glutamate, glutamine, limiting ammonia, high ammonia, glutamate plus
      histidine, and high ammonia plus histidine. Chromatophores from every culture
      exhibited AE activity; activity was highest in glutamate-grown cells. Fe protein
      was observed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in cultures with nitrogenase
      activity. Several Nif-, Gln-, and His- mutants of R. rubrum were assayed for AE
      activity, nitrogenase activity, and Fe protein. Every mutant expressed AE
      activity, and Fe protein was observed in those cultures with nitrogenase
      activity. AE from every preparation was O2 labile, and each O2-denatured AE
      preparation inhibited activation by active AE.

PMID- 6813316
TI  - Coupling of methyl coenzyme M reduction with carbon dioxide activation in
      extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
AB  - The stimulation of carbon dioxide reduction to methane by addition of 2
      (methylthio)ethanesulfonate (CH3-S-CoM) to cell extracts of Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum was investigated. Similar stimulation of CO2 reduction by CH3
      S-CoM was found for cell extracts of Methanobacterium bryantii and
      Methanospirillum hungatei. The CH3-S-CoM requirement could be met by the
      methanogenic precursors formaldehyde, serine, or pyruvate, or by 2
      (ethylthio)ethanesulfonate (CH3CH2-S-CoM), but not by other coenzyme M
      derivatives. Efficient reduction of CO2 to CH4 was favored by low concentrations
      of CH3-S-CoM and high concentrations of CO2. Sulfhydryl compounds were identified
      as effective inhibitors of CO2 reduction. Both an allosteric model and a free
      radical model for the mechanism of CO2 activation and reduction are discussed.

PMID- 6813315
TI  - Effects of nonionic, ionic, and dipolar ionic detergents and EDTA on the Brucella
      cell envelope.
AB  - Cell envelopes prepared from smooth and rough strains of Brucella were
      characterized on the basis of lipopolysaccharide and protein content. The action
      of three kinds of detergents on Brucella cell envelopes and Escherichia coli
      control cell envelopes was examined on the basis of the proteins and
      lipopolysaccharides that were extracted. As compared with those of E. coli,
      Brucella cell envelopes were resistant to nonionic detergents. Zwittergents 312
      and 316 were most effective in extracting E. coli cell envelopes, and Zwittergent
      316 was most effective in extracting Brucella cell envelopes. Sarkosyl extracted
      proteins but extracted only trace amounts of lipopolysaccharides from cell
      envelopes of both bacteria. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis of the Sarkosyl-resistant proteins revealed a
      composition similar to that of the proteins exposed on the surfaces of viable
      cells, as determined by the lactoperoxidase-125I radioiodination method. EDTA,
      with either Tris-HCl or Tris-HCl-Triton X-100, did not have detectable effects on
      Brucella cell envelopes. Ultracentrifugation of purified lipopolysaccharides in
      detergents and EDTA demonstrate that, in contrast to that of E. coli, Brucella
      lipopolysaccharide was not stabilized by divalent cations. Sarkosyl was
      ineffective in dispersing lipopolysaccharides, whereas the action of Zwittergents
      was related to the length of their alkyl chains.

PMID- 6813317
TI  - Asparagine-linked carbohydrate does not determine the cellular location of yeast
      vacuolar nonspecific alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - The nonspecific alkaline phosphatase of Saccharomyces sp. strain 1710 has been
      shown by phosphatase cytochemistry to be exclusively located in the vacuole, para
      Nitrophenyl phosphate-specific alkaline phosphatase is not detected by this
      procedure because the activity of this enzyme is sensitive to the fixative agent,
      glutaraldehyde. To determine whether the oligosaccharide of nonspecific alkaline
      phosphatase is necessary to transport the enzyme into the vacuole, protoplasts
      were derepressed in the absence or in the presence of tunicamycin, an antibiotic
      which interferes with the glycosylation of asparagine residues in proteins. The
      location of the enzyme in the tunicamycin-treated protoplasts, as determined by
      electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation, was identical to its location
      in control protoplasts. In addition, carbohydrate-free alkaline phosphatase was
      found in vacuoles from tunicamycin-treated protoplasts. Our findings indicate
      that the asparagine-linked carbohydrate moiety does not determine the cellular
      location of the enzyme.

PMID- 6813319
TI  - Effects of tunicamycin on cell adhesion and biosynthesis of glycoproteins in
      aggregation-competent cells of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The effects of tunicamycin (TM) on cell adhesion and on the biosynthesis of the
      membrane-associated glycoproteins in aggregation-competent cells of Dictyostelium
      discoideum were investigated. The cohesiveness due to the EDTA-stable contact
      site was completely inhibited in the presence of 1 microgram/ml of TM. In
      contrast, when cells were treated with high concentrations of TM, the EDTA
      sensitive contact site in the early developmental stage remained functional.
      Scanning electron microscopy showed the surface of TM-treated cells to be
      smoother than that of untreated cells. The membrane proteins of the aggregation
      competent cells and TM-treated cells were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The
      results showed that several protein bands at 190 kd, 170 kd, 150 kd, 135 kd, 127
      kd, 94 kd, 80 kd, 68 kd, 61 kd, and 52 kd which were observed in the untreated
      cells disappeared in the TM-treated cells, and protein bands at 105 kd and 70 kd
      were newly detected in the treated cells. Tunicamycin inhibited the incorporation
      of [3H]mannose or [14C]glucosamine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble
      material of the aggregation-competent cells, while it did not affect [3H]leucine
      incorporation. These results suggest that an asparagine-linked carbohydrate
      moiety of membrane-associated glycoprotein(s) is involved in cell adhesion of
      aggregation-competent cells of D. discoideum.

PMID- 6813318
TI  - Heme inhibition of ferrisiderophore reductase in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Heme was a noncompetitive inhibitor (apparent K(i) and K'(i) = 0.043 mM) of a
      ferrisiderophore reductase purified from Bacillus subtilis; protoporphyrin IX had
      no effect. The cellular level of heme may partly regulate the function of this
      reductase to yield a controlled flow of iron into metabolism.

PMID- 6813320
TI  - Tryptophan hydroxylase from mouse mastocytoma P-815. Reversible activation by
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
AB  - Tryptophan hydroxylase from mouse mastocytoma P-815 is activated by
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). The activation proceeds in a pH-, temperature
      , and time-dependent manner and leads to a 30-fold higher activity at maximum.
      The optimal EDTA concentration is 10 microns. The activation requires solely EDTA
      with desalted crude enzyme solution in the absence of any cellular metabolites.
      There are no indications that the activation is due to proteolysis, modification
      of protein-bound sulfhydryl groups or other covalent modifications such as
      phosphorylation and methylation. In the presence of appropriate stabilizing
      agents, the activated state is maintained after the removal of EDTA by gel
      filtration. The activation is reversible under conditions in which bound metal(s)
      is dissociated from the complex with EDTA. These results imply that the role of
      EDTA is metal chelation. A model is proposed in which the enzyme has at least two
      interconvertible states, the activated state and ground state, corresponding to
      the free and metal-bound forms, respectively. The metal is probably derived from
      the cell. The assay method for tryptophan hydroxylase utilized a rapid and
      sensitive (5 pmol/injection) determination of 5-hydroxytryptophan by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6813321
TI  - Hexose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases of rat liver microsomes.
      Involvement in NADPH and carbon dioxide generation in the luminal space of
      microsomal vesicles.
AB  - Rat liver microsomal fraction generates 14CO2 from [1(-14)C]glucose 6-phosphate
      in the presence of NADP+ and a detergent. The activity is mediated through an
      enzyme system consisting of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inherent to the microsomes, with the latter enzyme
      reaction being a rate-determining step. Both enzymes of the system in microsomes
      are extremely resistant to trypsin digestion, thereby distinguishing them from
      the corresponding cytosol enzymes. A stoichiometric relationship was obtained
      between the generations of NADPH and 14CO2 (2: 1 on a molar basis), indicating
      that the observed generation of NADPH in microsomes could entirely be accounted
      for by the action of the enzyme system. A method was devised to measure NADP(H)
      inside or outside the microsomal vesicles, and it was found that a considerable
      amount of the cofactor was present within the vesicles. Subfractionation of
      various intracellular fractions on sucrose density gradients confirmed the close
      association of NADP(H) with liver microsomes. It is suggested that both enzymes
      of the system function to generate the reduced form of NADP+ in the luminal space
      of the endoplasmic reticulum, where NADP(H) and glucose 6-phosphate are
      available.

PMID- 6813322
TI  - Lateral transport of energy along the coupling membranes of cyanobacteria.
AB  - The light-induced electric potential changes brought about local illumination of
      trichomes of cyanobacteria Phormidium uncinatum have been studied by means of
      extracellular electrodes. Responses of several electrodes located at various
      distances from the illuminated area of the trichome were monitored
      simultaneously. They turned out to be similar in shape: a rapid increase to the
      maximum value was followed by a slow decay toward a nonzero residual level. The
      results offer strong evidence in favor of power transmission along the trichome.
      The computerized experimental data lend support to the notion of a unified system
      of coupling membranes acting as a passive cable for electrical propagation, the
      cable parameters being tau C = 440 sec cm-2 and gamma = 0.07 cm.

PMID- 6813323
TI  - Studies on FAD- and FMN-binding domains in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from
      rabbit liver microsomes.
AB  - Six sulfhydryl group were determined after complete denaturation of NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase; of these, about 5.2 in both the native holoenzyme and
      FMN-depleted enzyme are accessible to p-hydroxychloromercuribenzoate (pCMB),
      which may be differentiated as follows: four --SH groups are modified by low
      concentration of the reagent but are not essentially involved in the catalytic
      function; additional block of one --SH group at high concentrations of pCMB
      completely inhibited the reductase activity. The fluorescence quenching of the
      FAD in the FMN-depleted enzyme was removed after the fifth --SH group was reacted
      slowly with pCMB. Kinetic and fluorometric analysis indicated that this finally
      modified --SH group was assumed to be essential for the activity and
      significantly protected by either 1 mM NADP+ or 2'-AMP against attack by
      mercurial compounds. A strong negative ellipticity at around 450 nm is clearly
      decreased upon binding of pCMB to an essential --SH group, while the CD spectra
      in the near and far UV region show only minor differences during the modification
      of --SH groups. Removal of the FMN prosthetic group from the native holoprotein
      results in 1.25-fold greater tryptophan fluorescence with a slight red shift of
      the emission maximum from 332 to 336 nm, and FMN reconstitution reduces the
      protein fluorescence quantum yield to approximately that of the holoprotein.
      Oxidation of tryptophan indol rings of the FMN-depleted enzyme is associated with
      a loss of FMN binding ability to the protein which causes the inactivation of
      cytochrome c reductase activity, but ferricyanide reductase activity is not
      strongly affected by tryptophan modification.

PMID- 6813324
TI  - On the relative roles of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in regulating the endogenous K+/H+
      exchanger of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. A23187 and ionomycin cause the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ from the
      mitochondrial matrix. The electroneutral K+ efflux does not reflect direct
      transport by these ionophores but, rather, results from release of the endogenous
      K+/H+ exchanger from inhibition by divalent cations. 2. A23187 and ionomycin
      differ in their affinities for CA2+ and Mg2+, having relative affinity ratios
      (Ca2+/Mg2+) in respiring mitochondria of 3 and 35, respectively. 3. This
      difference in Ca2+/Mg2+ affinities was exploited in dose-response studies
      designed to determine which cation exerts primary control over K+/H+ exchange
      activity. The results of such studies demonstrate that removal of Ca2+ has no
      effect on K+ efflux, and that K+ efflux follows Mg2+ efflux whether induced by
      ionomycin or A23187. 4. K+ steady states, in which K+ uniport equals K+/H+
      antiport, were induced by adding low levels of valinomycin to respiring
      mitochondria. The addition of Ca2+ perturbed the steady state in the direction of
      increased K+/H+ exchange. 5. Addition of Ca2+ to respiring mitochondria resulted
      in electroneutral K+ efflux which was strongly affected by the anion composition
      of the medium. We propose that Ca2+ turns on the K+/H+ exchanger indirectly,
      through a decrease in matrix [Mg2+] secondary to swelling and uptake of chelating
      anions. This phenomenon may be of physiological importance as a temporary
      protection against excessive swelling due to Ca2+ uptake. 6. These studies
      support the contention that Mg2+, not Ca2+, is the inhibitory cation responsible
      for the physiological regulation of mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange.

PMID- 6813325
TI  - Changes in actin lysine reactivities during polymerization detected using a
      competitive labeling method.
AB  - We have studied the structure of actin by measuring the relative reactivities of
      lysines with acetic anhydride using a competitive labeling procedure comparing
      monomeric globular actin. monomeric actin in the presence of salt, and
      filamentous actin polymerized in 100 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl, 2 mM MgCl2. We have
      identified 12 of the 19 lysines: 18, 50, 61, 68, 113, 191, 237, 290, 315, 325,
      327, and 358. In all conditions, Lys (325, 327) is the most reactive. In globular
      actin, Lys 18, 191, 290, 314. and 358 are less than 20% as reactive as Lys (325,
      327); the remaining have intermediate reactivities. On polymerization in the
      presence of NaCl and Mg2+, lysines 50, 61, 68, 113, and 290 become less reactive
      relative to Lys (325, 327). The changes in Lys 50, 61, and 113 are due largely to
      the polymerization event whereas those in Lys 68 and 290 appear to be an effect
      of Mg2+. Lys 18, 191, and 358 increase in relative reactivity when cation is
      added to the monomer and then become less reactive in the polymer, showing no
      large overall change in reactivity relative to the monomer in the absence of
      salt. Lysines that are reduced in reactivity upon polymerization indicate
      possible contact regions between actin monomers in the filament in the NH2
      terminal third of the protein.

PMID- 6813326
TI  - Purification and characterization of a novel UpN-specific endoribonuclease VI
      from Artemia larvae.
AB  - Artemia larval ribonuclease (Sebastian, J., and Heredia, C. F., (1978) Eur. J.
      Bichem. 90, 405-411) has been purified near homogeneity and its properties were
      studied. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 38,000 daltons. It requires
      a divalent cation for activity. Ca2+ is the most effective among the metals
      tested. The metal dependence of the activity is biphasic. Maximal activity is
      obtained at 5-10 mM. In the absence of metals and chelating agents in the assay,
      30-40% of the activity is observed. However, if chelating agents are added, the
      activity is abolished. At low concentrations of free metal (1-20 microM), 30-40%
      of maximal activity is obtained with Ca2+ or Mn2+, but not with Mg2+, Ca2+, but
      not Mn2+ or Mg2+, protects the enzyme from thermal inactivation. The best
      substrates for Artemia ribonuclease are poly(U) and poly(A), although with the
      latter it has only 10% the activity shown with the former. Using poly(U) as
      substrate, the products of a terminal digestion are P-2':3'-Urd and 3'-UMP. Using
      dinucleoside monophosphates as substrates, the enzyme is highly specific for a U
      residue at the 3' side of the phosphodiester bond (UpN), especially UpA, being
      inactive if the U residue is at the 5' side (NpU). Although some of its
      properties are similar to other eukaryotic or prokaryotic ribonucleases, its high
      specificity for UpN bonds suggest that this is a new type of ribonuclease.
      Moreover, it is a potentially useful enzyme for RNA analysis and/or sequencing.

PMID- 6813327
TI  - LLC-PK1 Cells derived from pig kidneys have a defect in cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 6813328
TI  - Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Mechanistic implications of inhibition by the
      transition state analog, 2-hydroxyisonicotinic acid N-oxide.

PMID- 6813329
TI  - Functional homology of Bacillus subtilis methyltransferase II and Escherichia
      coli cheR protein.
AB  - A chemotaxis-related methyltransferase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis has been
      shown to methylate membrane-bound proteins in Escherichia coli in vitro. The
      methylated proteins are in the same molecular weight range as authentic E. coli
      methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. It was also shown that wild type E. coli
      cytoplasmic extract could methylate membrane proteins from B. subtilis in its
      methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein region. Cytoplasmic extracts from
      methyltransferase mutants of either species could methylate neither set of methyl
      accepting proteins in vitro. The B. subtilis enzyme was incapable of methylating
      any of a group of soluble eucaryotic proteins. These data suggest functional
      homology between B subtilis methyltransferase II and E. coli cheR protein
      (chemotaxis methyltransferase) despite the evolutionary divergence between these
      two species.

PMID- 6813330
TI  - DNA fragmentation and NAD depletion. Their relation to the turnover of endogenous
      mono(ADP-ribosyl) and poly(ADP-ribosyl) proteins.
AB  - Treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with the trifunctional alkylating agent
      2,3-5-tris(ethyleneimino)benzoquinone-1,4 (triaziquonum) led to rapid
      fragmentation of DNA and depletion of NAD while poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase
      activity showed a retarded increase. Poly(ADP-ribosyl) residues in treated cells
      increased 4- to 30-fold, but transiently, and in a dose-dependent manner,
      exhibiting the same initial kinetics as the loss of NAD and the appearance of DNA
      strand breaks when determined by the nucleoid method. Although the amounts of
      "activated ADP-ribosyl" groups present in the substrate NAD (80 nmol/10(8) cells)
      exceeded by far basal and triaziquonum-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl) groups (up to
      250 pmol/10(8) cells), accelerated formation of the polymer, nevertheless, may
      explain at least partially the loss of NAD seen under these conditions. Addition
      of benzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, to triaziquonum
      treated cells effected an immediate drop of poly(ADP-ribose) to basal values. The
      data indicate a biphasic decay, the half-life of greater than 85% of the
      polymeric ADP-ribosyl groups exhibiting a t1/2 less than 1 min under these
      conditions, while the residual fraction died away with t1/2 approximately 6 min.
      Treatment with the DNA fragmenting agent also led to a 9-fold increase of nuclear
      mono(ADP-ribosyl) groups, while cytoplasmic mono(ADP-ribosyl) protein conjugates
      were not significantly affected. The apparent half-life of nuclear mono (ADP
      ribosyl) protein conjugates (8-10 min) at peak elevation was definitely longer
      than that of poly(ADP-ribosyl) residues. This result is consistent with the
      interpretation that accumulation of mono(ADP-ribosyl) groups is due to a retarded
      removal of the primary ADP-ribosyl group from the acceptor protein by a separate
      mono(ADP-ribosyl) protein glycohydrolase, being the rate-limiting step in the
      overall turnover of poly(ADP-ribosyl) residues.

PMID- 6813331
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure analysis of spinach chloroplast 4.5 S
      RNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the 4.5 S ribosomal RNA from Spinacia oleracea
      chloroplast has been determined to be HOAGAGAAGGUCACGGCGAGACGAGCCGUUUAUCAUUAC
      GAUAGGUGUCAAGUGGAAGUGCAGUGAUGUAUGCAGCUGAGGCAUCCUAACAGACCCACAGACUUGAACOH using
      rapid gel sequencing techniques. This RNA contains 106 nucleotides including an
      AGA sequence at the 5'-end not found in other chloroplast 4.5 S RNAs and a seven
      nucleotide segment absent in the sequences of wheat and maize 4.5 S RNAs. Except
      for these differences, the sequence of spinach 4.5 S RNA is highly homologous
      with those of other species. It shows 95% sequence homology to that of tobacco
      and 78% homology to those of wheat and maize. The secondary structure was probed
      using limited ribonuclease T1 and nuclease S1 digestions. The results support the
      5'-half of the secondary structure model previously proposed for 4.5 S RNA
      (Machatt, M. A., Ebel, J.-P., and Branlant, C. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1533
      1549) but are inconsistent with the rest of that model. An alternative model for
      spinach 4.5 S RNA is discussed.

PMID- 6813332
TI  - Studies on catalytic subunits of mouse myeloma alpha-polymerase.
AB  - Activity gel analysis has been used to identify mouse myeloma polypeptides with
      DNA polymerase activity. Proteins in a crude homogenate of mouse myeloma were
      resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate was soaked from the gel, and polypeptides were allowed to
      renature in situ; then the intact gel was incubated in a DNA polymerase reaction
      mixture in order to localize DNA polymerases (Spanos, A., Sedgwick, S. G.,
      Yarranton, G. T., Hubscher, U., and Banks, G. R. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9,
      1825-1839). This activity gel analysis revealed that the homogenate contains a Mr
      = 40,000 polypeptide with strong DNA polymerase activity; from its Mr and
      catalytic properties this enzyme was identified as beta-polymerase. The
      homogenate also contains two additional DNA polymerase activities giving
      relatively strong bands at Mr = approximately 76,000 and approximately 120,000,
      respectively. Results on the catalytic properties of both of these enzymes
      suggest that they are alpha-polymerases. Further evidence for the existence of a
      Mr approximately 120,000 alpha-polymerase catalytic polypeptide came from the
      observation that a purified preparation of one of the recognized species of mouse
      myeloma alpha-polymerase is composed of a Mr = approximately 120,000 polypeptide,
      as revealed by Coomassie blue staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 3 M urea. This purified
      enzyme does not contain polypeptides in the Mr = 40,000 to 70,000 range, and is
      capable of producing a strong band at Mr = 120,000 in the activity gel assay.

PMID- 6813333
TI  - The identification and assay of antibiotics in live virus vaccines by
      electrophoresis in gel.

PMID- 6813334
TI  - The durability of inactivated poliovirus vaccine: studies on the stability of
      potency in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6813335
TI  - Dislocation of the spine in neurofibromatosis. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6813336
TI  - Chemotherapeutic studies on N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine-and 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in rats: monotherapy with 5
      fluorouracil, ftorafur, CGP 6809, and CGP 15'720A.
AB  - Colonic tumors were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by ten applications of 2
      mg/kg/week N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine (AMMN) or by three applications of
      100 mg/kg/month 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Application of AMMN and 1,2-DMH
      induced selective colonic tumors in 97% and 29-42% of the initial animals,
      respectively. Colonic-tumor-bearing animals were subjected to monotherapy with 5
      fluorouracil, ftorafur, CGP 6809, and CGP 15'720A. No cures were achieved. The
      different therapies did not exert any clear influence on the survival time of
      animals, except for animals pretreated with AMMN and then subjected to ftorafur
      therapy.

PMID- 6813337
TI  - Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. I. Ewing's sarcoma. A comparative
      electron and immunofluorescence microscopic study.
AB  - Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence
      microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical
      principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these
      ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to
      frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV
      collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor
      capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single
      tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated
      protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some
      tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells,
      some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating
      features with the endothelial cell.

PMID- 6813339
TI  - Initial events during phagocytosis by macrophages viewed from outside and inside
      the cell: membrane-particle interactions and clathrin.
AB  - The initial events during phagocytosis of latex beads by mouse peritoneal
      macrophages were visualized by high-resolution electron microscopy of platinum
      replicas of freeze-dried cells and by conventional thin-section electron
      microscopy of macrophages postfixed with 1% tannic acid. On the external surface
      of phagocytosing macrophages, all stages of particle uptake were seen, from early
      attachment to complete engulfment. Wherever the plasma membrane approached the
      bead surface, there was a 20-nm-wide gap bridged by narrow strands of material
      12.4 nm in diameter. These strands were also seen in thin sections and in
      replicas of critical-point-dried and freeze-fractured macrophages. When cells
      were broken open and the plasma membrane was viewed from the inside, many nascent
      phagosomes had relatively smooth cytoplasmic surfaces with few associated
      cytoskeletal filaments. However, up to one-half of the phagosomes that were still
      close to the cell surface after a short phagocytic pulse (2-5 min) had large flat
      or spherical areas of clathrin basketwork on their membranes, and both smooth and
      clathrin-coated vesicles were seen fusing with or budding off from them. Clathrin
      coated pits and vesicles were also abundant elsewhere on the plasma membranes of
      phagocytosing and control macrophages, but large flat clathrin patches similar to
      those on nascent phagosomes were observed only on the attached basal plasma
      membrane surfaces. These resulted suggest that phagocytosis shares features not
      only with cell attachment and spreading but also with receptor-mediated
      pinocytosis.

PMID- 6813338
TI  - Organizational behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
AB  - Culture conditions that favor rapid multiplication of human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells (HUV-EC) also support long-term serial propagation of the
      cells. This is routinely achieved when HUV-EC are grown in Medium 199 (M-199)
      supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and endothelial cell growth factor
      (ECGF), on a human fibronectin (HFN) matrix. The HUV-EC can shift from a
      proliferative to an organized state when the in vitro conditions are changed from
      those favoring low density proliferation to those supporting high density
      survival. When ECGF and HFN are omitted, cultures fail to achieve confluence
      beyond the first or second passage: the preconfluent cultures organize into
      tubular structures after 4-6 wk. Some tubes become grossly visible and float in
      the culture medium, remaining tethered to the plastic dish at either end of the
      tube. On an ultrastructural level, the tubes consist of cells, held together by
      junctional complexes, arranged so as to form a lumen. The smallest lumens are
      formed by one cell folding over to form a junction with itself. The cells contain
      Weibel-Palade bodies and factor VIII-related antigen. The lumens contain
      granular, fibrillar and amorphous debris. Predigesting the HFN matrix with
      trypsin (10 min, 37 degrees C) or plasmin significantly accelerates tube
      formation. Thrombin and plasminogen activator had no apparent effect. Disruption
      of the largest tubes with trypsin/EDTA permits the cells to revert to a
      proliferative state if plated on HFN, in M-199, FBS, and ECGF. These observations
      indicate that culture conditions that do not favor proliferation permit
      attainment of a state of nonterminal differentiation (organization) by the
      endothelial cell. Furthermore, proteolytic modification of the HFN matrix may
      play an important role in endothelial organization.

PMID- 6813340
TI  - Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type
      plasminogen activators.
AB  - Cell extracts and conditioned media (CM) from cultured bovine aortic endothelial
      cells (BAEs) were fractionated by PAGE in the presence SDS, and plasminogen
      activator (PA) activity was localized by fibrin autography. Multiple molecular
      weight forms of PA were detected in both preparations. Cell-associated PAs had Mr
      of 48,000, 74,000, and 100,000 while secreted PAs showed Mr of 52,000, 74,000,
      and 100,000. A broad zone of activity (Mr 80,000-100,000) also was present in
      both cellular fractions. In addition, PAs of Mr 41,000 and 30,000 appeared upon
      prolonged incubation or repeated freezing and thawing of the samples, and
      probably represent degradation products of higher molecular weight forms. This
      complex lysis pattern was not observed when CM was subjected to isoelectric
      focusing. Instead, only two classes of activator were resolved, one at pH 8.5,
      the other at 7.6. Analysis of focused samples by SDS PAGE revealed that the
      activity at pH 8.5 resulted exclusively from the Mr 52,000 form; all other forms
      were recovered at pH 7.6. The activity of the Mr 52,000 form was neutralized by
      anti-urokinase IgG but was not affected by antitissue activator IgG indicating
      that it is a urokinaselike PA. The activities of the Mr 74,000-100,000 forms were
      not affected by anti-urokinase. They were blocked by antitissue activator
      suggesting that all the forms in this group were tissue-type PAs. The multiple
      forms of PA were differentially sensitive to inactivation by
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Treatment of CM with 10 mM DFP for 2 h at 37
      degrees C only partially inhibited the 52,000-dalton form. However, it completely
      inactivated the 74,000-dalton partially inhibited the 52,000-dalton form.
      However, it completely inactivated the 74,000-dalton PA. The activity of the Mr
      100,000 form was not affected by this treatment, or by treatment with 40 mM DFP.
      Thus, cultured BAEs produce multiple, immunologically distinct forms of PA which
      differ in size, charge, and sensitivity to DFP. These forms include both
      urokinaselike and tissue-activator-like PAs. The possibility that one of these
      forms is a zymogen is discussed.

PMID- 6813341
TI  - Beta-galactosidase--an indicator of the maturational stage of mouse and human
      mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - Resident, elicited, and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages exhibit a
      differential expression of the activity of the enzyme beta-galactosidase; freshly
      harvested resident macrophages express a remarkably high activity whereas the
      latter two populations are almost void of enzymic activity. During in vitro
      cultivation there is an enhancement in the level of the enzyme in the three
      populations, and a significant proportion of both thioglycollate-elicited and
      Corynebacterium parvum-activated macrophages acquire beta-galactosidase activity.
      Cells within in vitro differentiated bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocyte
      colonies are heterogeneous with respect to expression of beta-galactosidase
      activity. The percentage of cells expressing medium to intense enzymic activity
      is augmented with time in culture. Essentially the same pattern is observed in
      colonies differentiated from bone marrows of mice bearing acute or chronic
      inflammation. Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes are essentially
      void of detectable beta-galactosidase activity. Eighty to ninety percent of the
      monocytes acquire medium to intense activity during a 7-day cultivation period.
      The data support the suggestion that beta-galactosidase expression in mononuclear
      phagocytes is a correlate of their maturational stage both in vivo and in vitro
      and does not reflect the state of elicitation or activation of these cells.

PMID- 6813342
TI  - Induced release and metabolism of arachidonic acid from myeloid cells by purified
      colony-stimulating factor.
AB  - The in vitro incubation of cells from turpentine-induced rat myeloid hyperplastic
      marrow and peritoneal monocyte/macrophage with 14C-arachidonic acid resulted in
      the incorporation of the radiolabel into the particulate phospholipids. Challenge
      of the radiolabeled cells with a highly purified type I CSF (CSF I) from human
      pancreatic carcinoma cells in continuous culture resulted in the hydrolysis and
      release of the 14C-arachidonic acid from the cellular phospholipids. The
      simultaneous challenge of the prelabeled cells with CSF-I and its specific
      antibody (anti-CSF-I antibody) inhibited the CSF-I induced hydrolysis of 14C
      arachidonic acid from the cells. These results confer a specificity on the CSF-I
      induced release of arachidonic acid from the cellular phospholipids. Our data
      also demonstrated that the 14C-arachidonic acid released from the cellular
      phospholipids was further transformed into products of the cyclooxygenation and
      lipoxygenation pathways by cellular enzyme systems in both populations of cells.
      Interestingly, our data also indicate that the challenge of the granulocytic
      hyperplastic marrow cells and the monocyte/macrophage cells with purified CSF-I
      resulted in a higher generation of lipoxygenase products in the predominantly
      granulocytic cell population than in the population rich in monocyte/macrophage
      cells. The biological significance of this observation remains to be further
      explored. Thus, the CSF-I induced release of cellular arachidonic acid explains,
      at least in part, the presence of prostaglandins and other metabolites of
      arachidonic acid that are found in the media of hemopoietic cells incubated with
      a variety of CSF preparations.

PMID- 6813343
TI  - Simultaneous analyses of phenethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tyramine and
      octopamine in rat brain using fluorescamine.
AB  - A fluorometric method for the simultaneous analyses of phenethylamine,
      phenylethanolamine, tyramine and octopamine has been developed. The method
      involves ion-exchange chromatography, derivatization with fluorescamine, solvent
      extraction and then separation by thin-layer chromatography. The fluorescent
      spots are then quantitated by scanning. The detection limits of this method are
      about 10 pmoles for phenethylamine, phenylethanolamine and tyramine, and 20
      pmoles for octopamine. The method was used for simultaneous analyses of putative
      neurotransmitter amines in whole rat brain.

PMID- 6813344
TI  - Are selective increases in serum thyroxine (T4) due to iodinated inhibitors of T4
      monodeiodination indicative of hyperthyroidism?

PMID- 6813345
TI  - Studies of the human testis. XVII. Gonadotropin regulation of intratesticular
      testosterone and estradiol in infertile men.
AB  - Serum levels of LH and FSH and the intratesticular concentrations of testosterone
      (T) and estradiol (E) were measured in biopsy tissue from 40 infertile men, aged
      21-36 yr, of whom 21 were oligospermic men with varicocele and 19 were men with
      idiopathic oligospermia. Intratesticular T and E concentrations were negatively
      correlated (P less than 0.001) with testicular volumes, as measured with a
      calibrated orchidometer, suggesting that differences in measured intratesticular
      steroid levels in part reflect altered relative Leydig cell density as
      seminiferous tubular volume changes. To gather information about the regulation
      of intratesticular T and E by gonadotropins, we calculated an index of
      intratesticular steroid content by multiplying steroid concentration by
      testicular volume and compared these values with circulating LH and FSH levels.
      Highly significant positive correlations were found between both serum LH and FSH
      and intratesticular E content and between LH and FSH and intratesticular T
      content. Multivariant stepwise regression analysis revealed that while serum FSH
      is a strong predictor of intratesticular E (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001), serum
      LH is not (partial r = 0.00 when controlling for the influence of FSH). Instead,
      the apparent relationship between Serum LH and intratesticular E results from the
      highly positive correlation between serum LH and FSH in the patients studied (r =
      0.71; P less than 0.001). Similarly, circulating LH levels are independently
      related to intratesticular T content (r = 0.67; P less than 0.001), whereas the
      relationship between FSH and T is indirect (partial r = 0.06 when controlling for
      the influence of LH). We believe that these associations suggest that the major
      regulator of intratesticular T content is LH and that FSH may be the important
      gonadotropin regulating intratesticular E.

PMID- 6813347
TI  - Estrogen-dependent plasma prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in
      intact and castrated men.
AB  - Although it has been recently shown that GnRH is capable of increasing plasma PRL
      levels in humans, the role played by the steroid hormone environment in
      influencing this response has not been clarified. Fourteen intact and 14
      castrated subjects with carcinoma of the prostate were studied before and after
      daily treatment with 1.5 mg estradiol benzoate (E2B), im, for 9 days PRL
      responsiveness was tested after GnRH was given as an iv bolus or a continuous
      infusion for 4 h. During a 4-h saline infusion after E2B treatment, plasma PRL
      levels were measured in 8 intact and 8 castrated subjects for control purposes.
      No significant increase in PRL levels was noted after iv bolus or infusion of
      GnRH in intact or castrated men. After the administration of pharmacological
      doses of E2B for 9 days, plasma PRL levels increased significantly in all
      subjects after both the iv bolus and the infusion of GnRH. During saline
      infusion, a significant decrease in plasma PRL levels was observed in all
      subjects. Plasma gonadotropin levels showed the expected increase after GnRH
      administration. Our findings confirm that GnRH is one of the numerous substances
      capable of stimulating PRL release in humans and demonstrate that in men: 1)
      pharmacological doses of estrogen induce a PRL response to GnRH, and 2) GnRH
      elicits different patterns of PRL release depending on the modality of
      administration. Finally, the physiological role of GnRH in PRL release, if any,
      remains to be established.

PMID- 6813346
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of a human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance
      in the human pituitary gland.
AB  - A substance with the biological, immunological, and physicochemical properties
      similar to those of hCG (hCG-like substance) has been found in human pituitary
      homogenates and urine of nonpregnant subjects. The purpose of the present study
      was to localize the hCG-like substance in human pituitary gonadotropin producing
      cells (gonadotrophs) by using an unique antiserum raised against a synthetic hCG
      beta C-terminal peptide (P75R). Twenty-five pituitary glands were obtained at
      autopsy from women of various chronological ages. An immunohistochemical method
      was employed for localizing hLH, hFSH, and an hCG-like substance on the
      horizontal serial sections of the pituitary glands. The LH and FSH cells were
      indistinguishable with the antisera employed in the present study. The hCG-like
      substance was only localized in the cytoplasm of the gonadotrophs, rather
      commonly when the pituitary glands from postmenopausal women were examined. The
      P75R serum pretreated with excessive amount of native hCG failed to exhibit the
      immunostaining. Normal human tissues aside from pituitary glands did not react
      with the P75R serum. The results obtained in the present study and those reported
      by others may indicate that the hCG-like substance present in human pituitary
      glands is the precursor of hLH.

PMID- 6813348
TI  - Biochemical characterization of a differentiation antigen shared by human
      epidermal langerhans cells and cortical thymocytes.
AB  - Previous immunofluorescent studies have shown that differentiation antigens
      recognized by the monoclonal antibody (OKT6) are present on the external
      membranes of human epidermal Langerhans cells, cortical thymocytes and some
      cultured T cell lines. In the present investigation, the biochemical
      characteristics of the OKT6 recognized antigens derived from these three sources
      were compared. Following immunoprecipitation with OKT6, a single band with an
      approximate molecular weight of 52,000 daltons was identified by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (under both reducing and nonreducing
      conditions) in the detergent lysate of radioiodinated normal epidermal cells. A
      molecule with the same apparent molecular weight was immunoprecipitated from
      thymocytes and cultured MOLT-3 (T cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells.
      However, a low molecular weight protein of approximately 10,000 daltons was
      coprecipitated from these MOLT-3 cells. No electrophoretically identifiable
      antigens were precipitated from peripheral lymphocytes or monocytes with OKT6.
      These observations further distinguish Langerhans cells from classical monocytes,
      indicate that these cells express a membrane antigen otherwise characteristic of
      cortical thymocytes, and suggest the potential usefulness of the monoclonal
      antibody, OKT6, in further investigations of the functions and ontogeny of
      Langerhans cells.

PMID- 6813349
TI  - Two monoclonal antibodies (OKIa1 and OKT10) for the study of the final B cell
      maturation.
AB  - OKT10 is a monoclonal antibody which recognizes an antigenic structure of 45,000
      daltons which is present on precursor T and B cells, activated T cells and some
      monocytes. In this study, this antibody was shown to react strongly with the
      surface membrane of plasma cells. In addition, OKT10 can be used to study final B
      cell maturation since the OKT10 antigen is expressed on mature lymphocytes and
      lymphoplasmacytic cells. Acquisition of OKT10 reactivity occurs in an inverse or
      opposite relationship to the presence of Ia-like antigenic expression. Therefore,
      these two antigens can be employed as complementary opposite reactants for the
      study of mature B cell malignancies, such as CLL, multiple myeloma, and
      Waldenstrom malignancy.

PMID- 6813350
TI  - Enzymatic profile of Pseudomonas maltophilia.
AB  - An enzymatic profile of 20 strains of Pseudomonas maltophilia was undertaken with
      conventional plate tests, API ZYM, and 4-methylumbelliferyl-conjugated
      substrates. All strains produced DNase, RNase, arbutinase, esterases and lipases,
      mucinase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, alkaline pyrophosphate diesterase,
      phosphoamidase, beta-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase, and acetatase and were
      hemolytic for horse, sheep, and rabbit blood. The majority of strains produced
      chitinase, hyaluronidase, albuminase, valine arylamidase, trypsin, alpha- and
      beta-glucosidases, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. API ZYM and 4
      methylumbelliferyl-conjugated substrate assays are rapid, simple, specific, and
      sensitive and may be useful as diagnostic aids in the identification of P.
      maltophilia and other pseudomonads.

PMID- 6813351
TI  - Serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical specimens in relation to
      antibiotic susceptibility.
AB  - Ninety-eight hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from six
      different hospitals in Athens were serotyped by a slide agglutination test with
      unabsorbed commercial antisera. Serotypes O6, O11, O12, and "pool E" strains
      (strains that agglutinated only in pool E, which contained antisera against O2,
      O5, O15, and O16 antigens, but did not agglutinate in the individual antisera)
      predominated, accounting for more than 62% of all isolates tested. In respect to
      serotypes, (i) there was no apparent correlation with hospital of origin, (ii)
      most strains of serotypes O6 and O11 were sensitive to gentamicin and
      carbenicillin (iii) most strains of pool E were from urine and were resistant to
      these drugs, (iv) all 9 strains of serotype O12 tested were resistant to
      carbenicillin and all 5 strains tested hydrolyzed this drug, and (v) 24 of 25
      strains of pool E were resistant to carbenicillin but only 2 of 17 strains
      hydrolyzed it.

PMID- 6813352
TI  - Long-term Staphylococcus aureus carrier state in hospital patients.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus colonization of 326 predominantly chronic-care (long-term)
      patients was studied for 24 years. There were 5,827 upper respiratory cultures
      positive for S. aureus, ranging from 10 to 88 per patient, determined by the
      number of years (1 to 21; average, 4.6) that the patient was studied. Patients on
      the average carried 2.8 S. aureus strains. One patient carried eight strains.
      Each patient had a predominant strain. Predominant strains tended to be
      permanent, with 87% persistence over the studied years. Lytic group III strains
      were more than twice as frequent as group I strains and eight times as frequent
      as group II strains. Patient carriage of multiple S. aureus strains was usual. A
      collection of large numbers of cultures over an extended period was necessary for
      this statistical study, since cultures positive for predominant strains were
      interspersed with negative cultures and cultures positive for minor strains.
      Thus, persistence of carriage of a predominant S. aureus strain in a patient
      continues despite frequent negative cultures and cultures positive for minor
      strains.

PMID- 6813353
TI  - The painful bipartite patella.
AB  - Two skeletally immature patients with bipartite patella, a lesion normally
      classified as a developmental variation, proved to have a symptomatic lesion with
      a traumatic etiology. In both patients, appropriate treatment resulted in
      complete subsidence of symptoms; one patient was treated with cast
      immobilization, while the other eventually required surgical resection. In
      addition, normal and bipartite patellar specimens from skeletally immature
      cadavers were histologically and morphologically assessed. These clinical and
      anatomic studies suggest that in some cases a bipartite patella may be a
      traumatically induced, chondroosseous disruption of the superolateral pole of the
      incompletely ossified patella, analogous to Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease at
      the inferior patellar pole or Osgood-Schlatter disease in the tibial tuberosity.
      The possibility of bipartite patella being such a chronic stress fracture in a
      symptomatic patient should be considered in order to render appropriate
      treatment.

PMID- 6813356
TI  - The application of enzyme immunoassay to the study of salivary IGA.
AB  - In the study of salivary IgA, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay has been able to
      show that 1) the assay is reliable, 2) minimal loss of IgA occurs from
      centrifuging or by elimination of insoluble mucins, 3) IgA can be easily measured
      in fractions from sucrose gradient sedimentation, 4) freezing alone is sufficient
      to preserve salivary IgA, 5) the concentration in normal saliva in 11 persons
      ranged from 15 to 240 mg/L (-/x = 81), and 6) an abnormal saliva contained less
      than 6 ug/L, the detection limit for this EIA.

PMID- 6813354
TI  - Sodium- and energy-dependent uptake of myo-inositol by rabbit peripheral nerve.
      Competitive inhibition by glucose and lack of an insulin effect.
AB  - Experimental diabetes consistently reduces the concentration of free myo-inositol
      in peripheral nerve, which usually exceeds that of plasma by 90-100-fold. This
      phenomenon has been explicitly linked to the impairment of nerve conduction in
      the acutely diabetic streptozocin-treated rat. However, the mechanism by which
      acute experimental diabetes lowers nerve myo-inositol content and presumably
      alters nerve myo-inositol content and presumably alters nerve myo-inositol
      metabolism is unknown. Therefore, the effects of insulin and elevated medium
      glucose concentration of 2-[3H]myo-inositol uptake were studied in a
      metabolically-defined in vitro peripheral nerve tissue preparation derived from
      rabbit sciatic nerve, whose free myo-inositol content is reduced by experimental
      diabetes. The results demonstrate that myo-inositol uptake occurs by at least two
      distinct transport systems in the normal endoneurial preparation. A sodium- and
      energy-dependent saturable transport system is responsible for at least 94% of
      the measured uptake at medium myo-inositol concentrations approximating that
      present in plasma. This carrier-mediated transport system has a high affinity for
      myo-inositol (Kt = 63 microM), and is not influenced acutely by physiological
      concentrations of insulin; it is, however, inhibited by hyperglycemic
      concentrations of glucose added to the incubation medium in a primarily
      competitive fashion. Thus, competitive inhibition of peripheral nerve myo
      inositol uptake by glucose may constitute a mechanism by which diabetes produces
      physiologically significant alterations in peripheral nerve myo-inositol
      metabolism.

PMID- 6813355
TI  - Regulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by thyroid hormone in vitro.
AB  - Human skin fibroblasts synthesize and accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAG).
      Recently, we reported that fibroblasts incubated in thyroid hormone-deficient
      media accumulate more GAG than do cultures incubated in the same media enriched
      with 0.1 muM triiodothyronine (T(3)) (1981. Endocrinology. 108: 2397). The
      current study characterizes that enhanced accumulation. Confluent cultures were
      maintained in thyroid hormone-deficient media without or with added T(3), labeled
      with [(3)H]acetate and analyzed for total [(3)H]GAG and [(3)H]hyaluronic acid
      content. Addition of T(3) to thyroid hormone-depleted media consistently
      inhibited the incorporation of [(3)H]acetate into GAG by 28-60% in fibroblast
      cultures from four different normal human donors. Maximal inhibitory effect was
      observed within 3 d after hormone addition at concentrations > 1 nM. 73% of the
      maximal inhibitory effect was observed in the presence of physiologic
      concentrations of T(3) (0.16 nM total T(3) or 1.4 pM free T(3)). The following
      observations indicated that T(3) inhibition of [(3)H]GAG accumulation is most
      likely due to a decrease in GAG synthesis rather than to changes in the acetate
      pool or GAG degradation: (a) Addition of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500 muM unlabeled
      acetate progressively decreased [(3)H]acetate incorporation into GAG, up to 80%,
      without altering the further inhibitory effect of T(3) (35-40%); (b). A similar
      effect of T(3) on GAG (32% inhibition) was observed using [(3)H]glucosamine as
      substrate; (c) T(3) decreased hyaluronate synthetase activity by 32%; and (d)
      There was no effect of T(3) on GAG degradation in a pulse-chase experiment. The
      effect of T(3) on [(3)H]GAG accumulation appears to be quite specific, since the
      hormone had no effect on the incorporation of [(3)H]leucine into trichloroacetic
      acid-precipitable material.Thus, thyroid hormone inhibits GAG accumulation in a
      dose-, time-dependent, and reversible manner. This inhibition is apparently due
      to specific effects on the rate of macromolecular synthesis.

PMID- 6813357
TI  - Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using
      chlamydial group antigen, to detect antibodies, to Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Chlamydial group antigen was extracted from Chlamydia trachomatis strain SA2(f)
      and used as the antigen for an ELISA. The assay was reproducible since chlamydial
      antibody titres differed by no more than twofold when sera were tested on up to
      eight occasions. In tests on sera from 75 patients attending venereal disease or
      rheumatology clinics, the results of the ELISA and of a microimmunofluorescence
      (MIF) technique were similar for 61 of the sera, that is an 81% agreement.
      However, the ELISA was a little more sensitive than the MIF technique and at
      least tenfold more sensitive than the complement fixation procedure. Chlamydial
      IgG antibody at a titre of 1/greater than or equal to 16 was detected by the
      ELISA in 6% of children's sera, in 20% of sera from adult patients attending
      hospital with non-venereal diseases and in 85% of sera from persons attending
      venereal disease or rheumatology clinics. IgM and IgG antibodies were detected
      also by the ELISA in the sera of chimpanzees and marmosets which had been
      infected genitally with C trachomatis and, in general, the titres were greater
      than those recorded by the MIF test. The value of the ELISA in comparison with
      the MIF test is discussed.

PMID- 6813358
TI  - Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Aspergillus fumigatus
      antibodies.
AB  - A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) where component incubation
      periods were shortened to one hour, was compared with agar gel double diffusion
      (AGDD) and a standard ELISA procedure for detecting antibodies to Aspergillus
      fumigatus in 28 asthmatic patients with suspected allergic aspergillosis. Using
      two A fumigatus antigens the rapid ELISA compared well with AGDD and the standard
      ELISA method. Eleven sera that reacted with both antigens in AGDD were all
      positive against antigen 1 in both forms of ELISA, but two failed to react with
      antigen 2 in the standard ELISA and three failed to react with this antigen in
      the rapid method. Thirteen AGDD-negative sera were also negative in both forms of
      ELISA. The rapid ELISA provides a sensitive and reproducible test for routine
      serological investigation of allergic aspergillosis.

PMID- 6813359
TI  - Acquisition of new genes by oral Neisseria.
AB  - It is suggested that part of the increased pharyngeal carriage of meningococci
      reported in patients with gonorrhoea is due to misidentification of gonococci
      which have been transformed to maltose fermenters by DNA from normal throat
      flora. The distribution of specific aminopeptidases in strains of gonococci,
      meningococci isolated from the throat and meningococci from systemic infections
      is consistent with this view. Gonococci oxidising maltose and gonococci with
      gamma-L-glutamyl aminopeptidase activity, both factors regarded as typical of
      Neisseria meningitidis, can be produced in vitro by transformation with DNA from
      N lactamica and N meningitidis. The clinical and theoretical implications of such
      changes are discussed.

PMID- 6813360
TI  - Efficacy of acebutolol in chronic stable angina using single-blind and randomized
      double-blind protocol.
AB  - The clinical effects of a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug,
      acebutolol, were studied in 25 patients with chronic stable angina, using a seven
      week single-blind placebo leads to acebutolol (mean dose 913 mg/day) phase
      followed by 12-week randomized double-blind placebo leads to acebutolol (mean
      dose 968 mg/day) crossover protocol. Objective parameters from exercise treadmill
      tests showed consistent reduction in resting and maximal exercise heart rate and
      rate-pressure product during both single- and double-blind phases. Duration of
      exercise and maximal ST segment depression were not significantly altered.
      Subjective improvement following acebutolol was observed with reduced frequency
      of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption during the single-blind phase.
      However, no differences were seen during the double-blind phase due to
      significant subjective improvement during the latter placebo period. Adverse
      effects observed were mild in nature and were similar to those seen with other
      beta blockers. These data establish acebutolol as a potent beta-blocking agent
      and emphasize the importance of utilizing objective parameters over subjective
      variables in demonstrating the clinical antianginal efficacy of a beta blocker.

PMID- 6813361
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition: physician and lifeliner.. Interview by Phillip
      Pressel.

PMID- 6813362
TI  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)-
      treatment with lithium.
AB  - Two patients with SIADH after brain trauma are described. Features of SIADH are
      "inappropriate" antidiuresis and excessive natriuresis with negative sodium
      balance resulting in hyponatremia and plasma hypoosmolality which may lead to
      cerebral dysfunction. Oral lithium carbonate was beneficial in both patients.
      With plasma levels of lithium around 1 mmol/l a temporary impairment of renal
      concentrating ability and antinatriuresis with normalization of plasma sodium and
      plasma osmolality was observed. The SIADH subsided about 4 months after the
      original trauma, long after gross neurological symptoms had resolved.

PMID- 6813363
TI  - Two unusual cases of gas embolism following urethral surgery under laser.

PMID- 6813364
TI  - Particle counting immunoassay of immunoglobulin E antibodies after their elution
      from allergosorbents by pepsin: an alternative to the radioallergosorbent test.
AB  - The absorption of specific antibodies on allergen-coated cellulose discs,
      followed by pepsin digestion to release the IgE Fc" fragment, which is then
      assayed by particle counting immunoassay (PACIA), is a new practical and reliable
      method to quantitate IgE antibodies and to standardize allergens. The coefficient
      of variation of repeated assays does not exceed 12.8% and the correlation
      coefficient with RAST was r = 0.96. Some discrepancies could be explained by
      differences in the antiserum specificities and the presence of anti-IgE
      autoantibodies. The determination of IgE antibodies by PACIA offers the following
      advantages: (1) no radioisotopes; (2) stability of reagents, since antibody
      coated latex particles and the standards keep their activity for more than 1 yr;
      (3) low cost of reagents due to ease of preparation --PACIA does not require
      purified antibodies to measure IgE but only F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG fraction
      of the anti-IgE antiserum to coat latex; (4) avoidance of nonspecific absorption
      of the labeled anti-IgE on the solid phase; (5) prevention by elution of the
      inaccuracies observed in RAST at very high titers of IgE antibodies; (6)
      expression of the results in international units per milliliter to calculate the
      ratio of specific IgE Ab vs total IgE, with a high ratio suggesting that the
      patient is sensitive to a few allergens; (7) standardization of allergenic
      extracts; and (8) the particular specificity of the anti-IgE antiserum directed
      against a heat- and protease-resistant fragment of IgE.

PMID- 6813366
TI  - Therapeutics and an older population: a pharmacist's perspective.

PMID- 6813365
TI  - Cimetidine impairs clearance of antipyrine and desmethyldiazepam in the elderly.
AB  - Sixteen young (21-40 years) and nine elderly (65-78 years) volunteers received
      single intravenous doses of antipyrine on two occasions: once in the control
      state, and again while receiving therapeutic doses of cimetidine (300 mg every
      six hours). In the control state, antipyrine half-life was longer in elderly than
      in young subjects (16.4 vs 11.0 hours), and metabolic clearance lower (0.48 vs
      0.72 ml/min/kg). However, coadministration of cimetidine prolonged antipyrine
      half-life to a similar extent in elderly and in young groups (150 and 153 per
      cent of control) and reduced metabolic clearance to a similar extent in both (79
      vs 69 per cent of control) groups. Three young and six elderly volunteers
      received a single 15 mg oral dose of clorazepate, a precursor of
      desmethyldiazepam, with and without cimetidine. As in the case of antipyrine,
      cimetidine prolonged desmethyldiazepam half-life similarly in young and elderly
      groups (175 vs 164 per cent of control) and similarly reduced metabolic clearance
      (51 vs 65 per cent of control). The elderly population may already have an
      impaired capacity to oxidize drugs. This capacity is further impaired by
      coadministration of cimetidine.

PMID- 6813367
TI  - The sucked-flow analyser: a simple apparatus for automatic determinations of
      steady-state enzyme kinetics.
AB  - The sucked-flow analyser is a modified stopped-flow apparatus for automatic
      measurements of initial rates of enzyme reactions at varying concentrations of
      substrate or inhibitor. The flow through the system is driven by a water suction
      pump and regulated by magnetic valves. Sample and reagent solutions are aspirated
      through tubes whose resistances to laminar flow determine a precise ratio of
      mixing in the observation cell. A minicomputer controls all operations, collects
      the data and calculates the results. Measurements on the beta-galactosidase and
      the cytochrome P-450 reactions are presented.

PMID- 6813368
TI  - Age-related differences in human skin collagen: solubility in solvent,
      susceptibility to pepsin digestion, and the spectrum of the solubilized polymeric
      collagen molecules.
AB  - Age-related differences of human skin collagen in solubility, susceptibility to
      pepsin digestion, and the spectrum of collagen molecules were systematically
      examined. Less than .5% of the skin collagen were solubilized in a neutral salt
      solution. The solubility in acetic acid decreased rapidly during maturation and
      then slowly with age. Insoluble collagen from an infant was almost completely
      solubilized by pepsin digestion, whereas most of that from the elderly
      individuals remained insoluble even after four repeated times of pepsin
      digestion. The solubilized collagen was considered to contain a considerable
      amount of polymeric molecules. Characteristically, the amount of the Millipore
      retained fraction of pepsin-solubilized collagen was prominent at the fourth
      decade. These differences represent the aging process of collagen.

PMID- 6813369
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: identification of the monoclonal B lymphocyte component
      in the presence of polyclonal immunoglobulin.
AB  - A high proportion of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are neoplastic proliferations of B
      lymphocytes, and, as such, express integral membrane and/or cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin (Ig). Because these cellular proliferations are monoclonal, the Ig
      of all neoplastic lymphocytes will have identical light chain type and idiotype.
      These tumors sometimes contain significant amounts of polyclonal Ig. In this
      study we demonstrate that the polyclonal non-B-lymphocyte-associated Ig may be
      removed by washing tissue at low pH to reveal either neoplastic B lymphocytes or
      neoplastic "null" lymphocytes. These observations should facilitate the
      application of immunohistology to the routine diagnosis of lymphoma.

PMID- 6813370
TI  - Cytochrome P-45011 beta and P-450scc in adrenal cortex: zonal distribution and
      intramitochondrial localization by the horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibody
      method.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the regulation mechanism(s) of adrenocortical
      steroidogenesis, cytochrome P-450scc and cytochrome P-45011 beta were localized
      in bovine adrenal glands by the direct peroxidase-labeled antibody method. At the
      light microscopic level, parenchymal cells of the zona fasciculata and the zona
      reticularis stained heavily for both cytochromes, while the parenchymal cells of
      zona glomerulosa stained lightly for both. At the electron microscopic level,
      these two cytochromes were associated with the matrix side of the inner
      mitochondrial membranes of parenchymal cells from all three zones of the adrenal
      cortex. The association of cytochrome P-450 with the inner mitochondrial
      membrane, in a manner similar to that previously reported for adrenodoxin and
      adrenodoxin reductase (F Mitani, Y Ishimura, S Izumi, K Watanabe, Acta Endocrinol
      90:317, 1979), establishes that the steroid monooxygenase systems exist at this
      site. The degree of immunocytochemical staining within a single cell varied from
      one mitochondrion to another: some stained intensely along the entire inner
      membrane, including the cristae, some stained only along segments of the inner
      membrane, and some did not stain at all. This heterogeneity in staining was
      observed in mitochondria stained in situ as well as in isolated mitochondria.
      These findings suggest that there is a heterogeneity in steroidogenesis among
      mitochondria contained within a single cell of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 6813372
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase in human epithelial cells.
AB  - Human tissues obtained early postmortem were immunostained to demonstrate
      carbonic anhydrase (CA) and, in some instances, to differentiate CA I and CA II,
      employing an immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge method. Optimal immunostaining was
      obtained in tissues fixed a few hours in Carnoy's fluid or a buffered HgCl2
      solution. Specimens fixed 1/2 to 2 hr with buffered formalin or Bouin's fluid
      stained less well but better than those fixed 24 hr with formalin. In
      tracheobronchial glands, serous acini and demilunes exhibited intense
      immunoreactivity demonstrative of the isozyme CA II. In kidney, all cells of the
      distal convoluted tubules were strongly positive for CA and cortical collecting
      tubule cells stained strongly but with some variability among individual cells.
      Cells in medullary collecting tubules ranged from intensely to negligibly
      reactive. Proximal convoluted tubules and thick ascending limbs showed moderate
      to light, uniform staining, but the thin limbs of the loop of Henle were
      negative. Renal cell immunoreactivity occurred only with antiserum to CA II.
      Seromucous acini in submandibular glands stained strongly and selectively for CA.
      Ducts in liver and pancreas showed strong selective immunostaining. The most
      superficial columnar cells lining the main lumen of the colon and appendix
      displayed strong reactivity, as did columnar cells lining the gall bladder.

PMID- 6813371
TI  - Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of clathrin in rat
      cerebellum and kidney.
AB  - The precise cellular and subcellular locations of coated vesicle protein,
      clathrin, in rat kidney and cerebellum have been visualized by immunocytochemical
      techniques. In the renal tubular epithelia, clathrin-positive products were found
      on both free ribosomes and on those attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
      and the nuclear envelope. No clathrin was observed in the cisternae of RER or the
      Golgi apparatus. Clathrin-positive reaction products could also be seen on coated
      pits, coated vesicles, Golgi-associated vesicles, basolateral cell membrane, the
      ground substance, and in the autophagic vacuoles. In cerebellar Purkinje and
      granule cell bodies, reaction products were seen localized on coated vesicles, on
      the budding areas from the Golgi-associated membrane and Golgi-associated
      vesicles. Furthermore, the membrane of the multivesicular body, the bound
      ribosomes, and the ground substance were also stained. In the myelinated axon,
      the clathrin appeared to be concentrated on certain segments and seemed to fill
      in the space between neurotubules and some vesicles. In certain synaptic
      terminals clathrin was often seen attached to presynaptic vesicles, presynaptic
      membrane, and post-synaptic membrane. However, in most mossy fibers, some
      synaptic vesicles were not stained. These observations suggest that clathrin is
      synthesized on bound and free ribosomes and discharged into the cytosol where it
      becomes associated with a variety of ground substances and assembles on coated
      pits, coated vesicles, Golgi-associated vesicles, presynaptic vesicles, and pre-
      and postsynaptic membranes. Clathrin may be finally degraded in autophagic
      vacuoles.

PMID- 6813373
TI  - Histochemical distribution of certain biochemical constituents in the albumin
      glands of snails.
AB  - The presence in situ of the biochemical constituents galactans, proteinase
      inhibitors, and erythro-agglutinin anti-A in snail's albumin gland tissues has
      been demonstrated by histochemical techniques using fluorescein isothiocyanate
      (FITC)-conjugated counterparts; namely, anti-galactan-specific lectins, different
      proteinases, and blood group A substance. Invariably, these constituents are
      localized as globular structures, predominantly within the lobules of the gland
      tissue. There is a good correlation between the histochemical findings and the
      previously reported biochemical and serological findings for these substances.

PMID- 6813374
TI  - Cytochemical localization and measurement of aerobic 3,3'-diaminobenzidine
      oxidation reactions in photosynthetically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Photoheterotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C oxidized 3,3'
      diaminobenzidine (DAB) by two aerobic reactions. One reaction was light
      dependent. The other respiratory reaction occurred in the dark and could be
      inhibited by 0.1 M KCN. DAB was not oxidized under anaerobic conditions.
      Cytochemical results, obtained by reacting viable cells with DAB, indicated that
      the two reactions were associated with different regions of the cellular membrane
      system. Under dark conditions, oxidized DAB was deposited along the cytoplasmic
      membrane. In the light, the cytochemical reagent accumulated at both the
      cytoplasmic and the intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes. DAB oxidation
      activity was measured by sensitive spectrophotometric and polarographic
      techniques. Under 880 nm actinic illumination, the rate of DAB oxidation was
      about 5.5-fold faster than in the dark. Determination of O2 consumption
      associated with the two DAB oxidation reactions showed that white light
      stimulated the rate of O2 uptake by about the same extent.

PMID- 6813375
TI  - Production and characterization of antisera to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH).
AB  - To generate anti-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) antibodies TRH was rendered
      antigenic presumably by reaction of its histidine residue with bis-diazotized
      benzidine (BDB) coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Six California white
      rabbits were each injected with 330 micrograms protein/ml of emulsified immunogen
      by the multisite intradermal immunization technique. Seven repeated injections
      were given at 30-day intervals using half of the original quantity of antigen.
      Antibodies binding 125I-TRH appeared in the serum of four of the six rabbits
      three months after the first injection. Five months later the sera of two rabbits
      bound 50% of the labeled TRH at 1:6000 final dilution. Using this antiserum a
      radioimmunoassay for TRH was developed in which as little as 10 pg/300 microliter
      unlabeled TRH can be detected. The linear range of detectable TRH was 10 to 10000
      pg. No cross-reaction with various hypothalamic and pituitary hormones,
      neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and BSA were detected in this immunoassay.
      Extracts from rat and frog hypothalami produced 125I-TRH-binding inhibition
      curves parallel to synthetic TRH. Samples from elutes of rat medio-basal
      hypothalami superfused in vitro were examined by using this antiserum. Serial
      dilution of superfusate showed a similar inhibitions curve. Stimulatory effect of
      K+ depolarization on TRH release from superfused hypothalami was inhibited in
      Ca2+-free ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid medium. Ouchterlony double diffusion
      test of the TRH antisera revealed that low levels of antibodies against albumin
      but not immunoglobulin G or ovalbumin were also produced. However, the
      immunoprecipitates could only be detected with undiluted serum. In conclusion,
      this antiserum generated one of the most sensitive TRH radioimmunoassay currently
      available in the literature. The anti-TRH serum produced by this method can be
      used to examine both content of TRH from several tissues as well as release from
      hypothalamic tissue in vitro and might be useful to trace brain TRH pathways by
      immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6813376
TI  - Subdivision of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into five variants for epidemiological
      purposes: methods and nomenclature.
AB  - Virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from humans are divisible
      into five variants by using four tests: oxygen requirement (aerobic or
      microaerophilic), nitrate reductase activity, susceptibility to pyrazinamide (60
      micrograms/ml) and susceptibility to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (5
      micrograms/ml). The five variants are referred to as Classical human, Asian
      human, bovine, African I and African II. The relation of these variants to
      previously described types is discussed. This simple division has been shown to
      be useful in epidemiological studies.

PMID- 6813377
TI  - An analysis of a public program for heart transplantation.

PMID- 6813378
TI  - Dissociation and isolation of antigen and antibody from immune complexes.

PMID- 6813379
TI  - Diagnostic significance of pleural fluid pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate.

PMID- 6813380
TI  - Distribution of blood groups in Orissa.

PMID- 6813381
TI  - Independent induction and inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase and aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in rat epidermis.
AB  - Changes in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) were investigated in rat epidermis after wounding the skin and
      application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo
      p-dioxin (TCDD), and several enzyme inhibitors. Wounding of the skin by vigorous
      shaving led to a marked induction of ODC activity with a peak at 6 hr. Topical
      application of a single dose of tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to wounded skin
      did not affect the activities of ODC and AHH. Application of single large dose
      (2.5 mg) of DMBA increased AHH activity 7-fold without affecting ODC activity. DL
      alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ODC, almost
      completely abolished ODC activity but did not inhibit DMBA- or TCDD-induced AHH
      activity. Several potential modifiers, including retinoic acid, indomethacin, 1,3
      diamino-2-propranol, alpha-naphthoflavone, and SKF 525 A had unequal effects on
      ODC and AHH activities. These data indicate that ODC and AHH induction processes
      in the epidermis are independent biochemical events that are not causally
      related.

PMID- 6813382
TI  - An autoradiographic study of cell kinetics in epidermis of the toad Bufo bufo
      bufo (L).
AB  - Under normal conditions, the toad Bufo bufo bufo molts about once a week. It was
      considered of interest to study whether the rhythmic pattern of cell loss through
      shedding of a stratum corneum is correlated with a rhythmic production of cells
      in stratum germinativum. An autoradiographic investigation of cell kinetics in
      toad skin using [3H]-thymidine and [14C]-thymidine as precursors revealed that
      cell production in stratum germinativum is a continuous process, and the cell
      production rate is much higher than is required for replacement of the cells lost
      with each molt. The parameters measured, i.e., % labeled cells, length of cell
      cycle, and S-phase, as well as migration of labeled cells from stratum
      germinativum toward stratum corneum support the assumption of an inhomogeneous
      cell population in stratum germinativum. A model proposed by Potten form the
      cellular organization of mouse epithelium provides a useful basis for the
      interpretation of the results obtained in the present study.

PMID- 6813383
TI  - Bacteriology of the maxillary sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The maxillary sinuses of 20 patients (median age, 15 years) with cystic fibrosis
      were examined with ultrasound, radiography, and transantral sinus aspiration (14
      bilateral and six unilateral for a total of 34 aspirates). The sinus aspirations
      were performed with careful sterile techniques, and the material that was
      recovered was cultured quantitatively for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
      Nineteen (95%) of the 20 patients had at least one positive (greater than or
      equal to 10(4) colony-forming units/ml) culture of sinus aspirate. The organisms
      most commonly recovered from the sinus aspirates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (13), Haemophilus influenzae (10), streptococci (five), and anaerobes (five).
      There was no association between the bacterial species recovered from the sinus
      and the predominant bacterial species in the nasopharyngeal, throat, or sputum
      culture. Although most patients had been chronically receiving therapeutic oral
      doses of antimicrobial agents, bacteria sensitive to the antimicrobial agents
      that the patient had been taking (excluding P. aeruginosa) were recovered from
      the sinuses of nine of these 10 patients.

PMID- 6813384
TI  - Natural infection of Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus.
AB  - A better understanding of the infectious process in scrapie was sought by
      studying the temporal distribution of virus in naturally infected Suffolk sheep.
      Virus was detected (by mouse inoculation) first in lymphatic tissues and
      intestine of clinically normal lambs (age, 10-14 months). Titers were generally
      low. Infection of the central nervous system was first detected in a 25-month-old
      clinically normal sheep whose nonneural tissues had moderate amounts of virus. In
      sheep affected with scrapie, similar amounts in nonneural tissues accompanied
      high concentrations in the central nervous system, notably in sites of severest
      neurohistologic changes. No virus was found in clinically normal high-risk sheep
      54 to 104 months old. The early appearance of virus in tonsil, retropharyngeal
      and mesenteric-portal lymph nodes, and intestine suggests that primary infection
      occurs by way of the alimentary tract, either prenatally from virus in amniotic
      fluid or postnatally from virus in a contaminated environment.

PMID- 6813386
TI  - Present chemotherapy for tuberculosis.

PMID- 6813385
TI  - Selection of aminoglycoside-resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in
      vivo model.
AB  - The therapeutic failure of aminoglycosides in leukopenic mice was studied.
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from experimentally infected leukopenic mice was
      analyzed for susceptibility to gentamicin. Bacterial population analyses were
      performed before, during, and after therapy with high doses of gentamicin.
      Inocula from numerous strains, including P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 27853,
      harbored slowly growing aminoglycoside-resistant subpopulations. In leukopenic
      mice (in contrast to normal mice) receiving gentamicin, the breakthrough growth
      of these subpopulations occurred 6 hr after treatment. Resistance to gentamicin
      reversed in vivo when gentamicin treatment was stopped. The emergence of
      gentamicin-resistant subpopulations was successfully suppressed by a combined
      treatment regimen of gentamicin and ticarcillin. Gentamicin-ticarcillin synergy
      in these infections is due, in part, to antimicrobial suppression of slowly
      growing aminoglycoside-resistant subpopulations of bacteria.

PMID- 6813387
TI  - Chromatographic behavior, purification, and properties of mouse BCG-induced gamma
      interferon.
AB  - Mouse gamma antigen-induced interferon (IFN) was produced in vivo by injecting
      PPD into BCG-sensitized mice. The IFN activity present in the serum was partially
      purified by adsorption on silicic acid and elution with buffer containing
      ethylene glycol, followed by chromatography of the eluate on Blue-Trisacryl. This
      method yielded IFN preparations with a specific activity of 1.5 x 10(5) mu/mg
      protein (10,000-fold purification). BCG IFN showed high affinity for
      polynucleotides and apparent hydrophobicity, two characteristics which allowed it
      to bind to Poly I agarose and Phenyl Sepharose, respectively. The chromatographic
      behavior of BCG IFN on Con A Sepharose indicates that BCG IFN is glycosylated.
      However, binding of the antiviral activity to the lectin column was only possible
      when purified IFN was used for chromatography. Although the purification method
      described here allowed purification of the antiviral activity as a major
      fraction, molecular heterogeneity was detected under certain chromatographic
      conditions. Two fractions with different molecular weights of 27,000 and 56,000,
      respectively, were always obtained by sieving purified BCG IFN on Sephacryl S
      200.

PMID- 6813388
TI  - [Serum anti-Campylobacter jejuni agglutinin titer in children with Campylobacter
      enteritis].

PMID- 6813389
TI  - [Herpes zoster and SLE].

PMID- 6813390
TI  - [Clinical significance of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) detected in the pus and
      exudate].

PMID- 6813391
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae strains resistant to chloramphenicol or to
      chloramphenicol-ampicillin].

PMID- 6813393
TI  - [A comparison of the frequency of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in hospital
      employees and nonhospital personnel].

PMID- 6813392
TI  - [A double blind comparative study of cefadroxil and cephalexin on scarlet fever].

PMID- 6813394
TI  - [Non-specific defence against Pseudomonas infections--phagocytosis of Pseudomonas
      by human leukocytes].

PMID- 6813395
TI  - [Two autopsy cases of atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis].

PMID- 6813396
TI  - [Incidence of Salmonella carriers among food handlers during summer months from
      1978 to 1980].

PMID- 6813397
TI  - [Comparison of short chain fatty acids detected in pus of experimentally induced
      subcutaneous abscesses in mice by non-sporing anaerobes, culture medium and human
      clinical specimens by gas-liquid chromatography].

PMID- 6813398
TI  - [Polymicrobial infection in obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 6813399
TI  - [An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella typhimurium in the hospital-
      clinical and epidemiological investigation].

PMID- 6813400
TI  - [Two cases of benign tertian malaria].

PMID- 6813401
TI  - [Relation between endocrine changes and bodily development before and after the
      menarche].
AB  - Serum concentrations of sex hormones which including FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL),
      estradiol (E2), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4) and 17 alpha
      hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-P5) were measured in 233 girls aged 6 to 17. For the
      longitudinal study, 31 girls aged 10 to 13 were selected and studied for two
      years to find out the relationship between hormonal changes and pelvic
      development. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I; premenarchal
      girls, Group II; menarche occurred during the studied year, Group III; menarche
      had already occurred. 1) Changes of hormones with age: FSH and E2 concentrations
      started to increase from age 10 and LH increased from age 11. On the other hand,
      PRL concentration decreased from age 10 to 11 in menarchal girls. 2) Changes of
      hormones for 2 years: The elevation of FSH, LH, E2, 17OH-P4, DHA and 17OH-P5 was
      noticed in group I. A significant increase of E2 levels in group I and II was
      noted. On the other hand, concentrations of PRL in group II significantly
      decreased. 3) Physical development for 2 years: A significant elevation of
      physical development and outer dimensions of pelves in all groups was observed.
      However, increase of pelvic indices were significant in group II. 4) Relation
      between physical development and hormones: Except for PRL all the hormones
      increased before the onset of menarche and the continuous elevation of E2 was
      found with increasing age after menarche. These results suggested the possible
      role of E2 on pelvic development during puberty.

PMID- 6813402
TI  - [Effect of gynecologic cancer sera on functions of monocyte from healthy
      volunteers].
AB  - The investigation was designed to analyse effect of cancer sera on monocyte
      functions. Sera were sampled from 42 gynecologic cancer patients. Monocytes were
      collected from healthy volunteers. After pre-incubation in media containing
      cancer sera or control sera, enzyme (beta-galactosidase) activity, chemotaxis,
      phagocytosis and helper function on T-cell mitogen response of monocytes were
      assayed. The results were as follows; 1) Beta-galactosidase activity of monocytes
      pre-incubated in cancer sera was not different from that in control sera. 2)
      Chemotaxis, phagocytosis and helper function on T-cell blastoid response of
      monocytes pre-incubated in cancer sera were significantly reduced compared with
      that in control sera. In uterine cervical cancer, the inhibitory effect of sera
      increased in parallel with its clinical stage. Thus, it was demonstrated that
      sera of gynecologic cancer patients have inhibitory effect on monocyte functions,
      and it was suggested that cancer sera play an immuno-suppressive role through
      inhibition of monocyte functions in cancer bearing state.

PMID- 6813403
TI  - [The metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rapid destructive, experimental
      periodontitis in dogs].

PMID- 6813404
TI  - [Experimental study on an active specific immunotherapy modified with
      irradiation. 1. Effect of the immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy].

PMID- 6813405
TI  - [Immunochemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients with levamisole].

PMID- 6813406
TI  - [Heterotransplantation of human stomach carcinomas into nude nice. 3. Effects of
      MMC and 5FU on 7 strains of transplantable human gastric cancer in nude mice].

PMID- 6813407
TI  - [Liver diseases. B 3. Non-A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6813408
TI  - Chronic pain review: the "incurable sprain".

PMID- 6813409
TI  - Aminoglycoside-selected subpopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
      characterization and virulence in normal and leukopenic mice.
AB  - An attempt was made in vitro and in vivo to clarify the significance of
      aminoglycoside-resistant subpopulations that can be isolated from gentamicin
      susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Population analyses revealed bacterial
      subpopulations resistant to greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml gentamicin
      in 23 of 24 gentamicin-susceptible strains tested. These subpopulations could
      easily be selected in a single exposure of high inocula of P. aeruginosa to two
      times the MIC of gentamicin for 24 to 48 hr. The increased gentamicin resistance
      was associated with slower growth and formation of smaller colonies. In serial
      subcultivations, most of the selected variants were unstable regarding gentamicin
      resistance and colony morphology. Stable SCV representing the extreme form of
      gentamicin-resistant subpopulations were further studied. In comparison to the
      corresponding PS, they were fourfold to sixfold less susceptible to five
      aminoglycosides tested; their susceptibility to eight antipseudomonal beta-lactam
      drugs, however, was usually retained. SCV proved to be less pathogenic than PS
      for normal and moderately leukopenic mice. Agranulocytic mice, in contrast, were
      invariably killed after i.p. injection of less than 20 organisms of PS or SCV,
      although death occurred 24 to 48 hr later in mice infected with SCV. After
      injection into the thigh muscle of agranulocytic mice, SCV were not affected by
      therapeutic plasma levels of gentamicin, whereas ticarcillin was highly
      effective. Aminoglycoside-resistant subpopulations of P. aeruginosa could
      contribute to the high number of treatment failures of Pseudomonas injections in
      agranulocytic patients and may account, in part, for the superiority of combined
      antipsuedomonal chemotherapy in this clinical situation.

PMID- 6813410
TI  - Assessment of the value of tocainide hydrochloride in the treatment of tinnitus.

PMID- 6813411
TI  - Human apolipoprotein A-I and A-II metabolism.
AB  - The kinetics of the major apolipoproteins (apo) of plasma high density
      lipoproteins (HDL), apoA-I and apoA-II, were examined in a total of 44 individual
      tracer studies in 22 normal male and female subjects. Following the intravenous
      injection of radioiodinated HDL, the specific radioactivity decay of apoA-I
      within HDL (residence time, 5.07 +/- 1.53 days), as determined by column
      chromatography, was significantly (P < 0.01) faster than that of apoA-II
      (residence time, 5.96 +/- 1.84 days). The specific radioactivity decay of apoA-I
      within HDL when labeled on HDL or as apoA-I was found to be almost identical.
      Similar results were obtained for apoA-II. Analysis of simultaneous paired
      radiolabeled apoA-I and apoA-II studies revealed that the mean apoA-I plasma
      residence time (4.46 +/- 1.04 days) was significantly (P < 0.01) shorter than
      that for apoA-II (4.97 +/- 1.06 days). Females had significantly (P < 0.01)
      higher apoA-I plasma concentrations (124 +/- 24 mg/dl) and apoA-I synthesis rates
      (13.58 +/- 2.23 mg/kg. day) than did males (108 +/- 16 mg/dl, and 11.12 +/- 1.92
      mg/kg. day, respectively). Plasma apoA-I levels were correlated with plasma apoA
      I residence times, but not synthesis rates; and apoA-II concentrations were
      correlated only with apoA-II whole body residence times. ApoA-I and apoA-II
      plasma residence times were inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride levels.
      These data are consistent with the following concepts: 1) labeling of apoA-I and
      apoA-II as apolipoproteins or on HDL does not affect their specific radioactivity
      decay within HDL; 2) the mean residence time of apoA-I both in plasma and in HDL
      is significantly shorter than that of apoA-II; 3) the increased apoA-I levels
      seen in female subjects are due to increased apoA-I synthesis; and 4) the plasma
      apoA-I residence time, which is inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride
      levels, is an important determinant of apoA-I concentration in both males and
      females.-Schaefer, E. J., L. A. Zech, L. L. Jenkins, T. J. Bronzert, E. A.
      Rubalcaba, F. T. Lindgren, R. L. Aamodt, and H. B. Brewer, Jr. Human
      apolipoprotein A-I and A-II metabolism.

PMID- 6813412
TI  - One-step screening method for the polymorphism of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and
      A-IV.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-I exhibits a polymorphism that can be easily investigated in
      native serum by a simple method involving incubation of serum in the presence of
      decylsulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol and subsequent isoelectric focusing. From
      six to eight proteins can be separated in a pH gradient from 4 to 6 and thus
      patients with apolipoprotein A-I variants can be distinguished from normal
      persons. This method also permits monitoring for polymorphic forms of apoA-II and
      apoA-IV as well as detection of C apolipoproteins. To verify the identity of the
      different apolipoproteins, a two-dimensional electrophoresis technique was
      applied, with an SDS system for the second dimension. In addition, monospecific
      antibodies for apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and A-IV were used for the
      immunological identification. The method described here led to the discovery of
      three different familial apolipoprotein A-I variants.

PMID- 6813413
TI  - Factors affecting the integrity of high density lipoproteins in the
      ultracentrifuge.
AB  - Because of reported losses of apolipoproteins from high density lipoproteins
      during ultracentrifugation, we studied several factors that could affect the
      integrity of these lipoprotein complexes. Alteration of temperature, rotor
      configuration, and composition of the tubes had little effect on loss of
      apolipoprotein A-I. Interestingly, the high ionic strengths commonly used in
      ultracentrifugal isolation of these lipoproteins were associated with the
      smallest loss of apolipoprotein A-I. Losses increased substantially as the ionic
      strength of the medium was decreased. After repeated ultracentrifugation,
      apolipoprotein A-I content of high density lipoproteins approached a limiting
      value of approximately 65% of the original serum value, but no apolipoprotein A
      II was lost. Our results imply that the binding environments of these two
      apolipoproteins in high density lipoproteins differ. Further, they imply that
      apolipoprotein A-I may exist in more than one type of environment or in more than
      one form in high density lipoproteins.

PMID- 6813414
TI  - Antibody deficiency disorders.

PMID- 6813415
TI  - Flurothyl-induced convulsions delay the onset of sexual maturation in the female
      rat.
AB  - We have investigated whether sexual maturation in female rats is affected by
      repeated flurothyl-induced convulsions. This treatment had no effect on the
      normal age-related increase in body weight though puberty (vaginal opening) was
      significantly delayed when compared with non-convulsed control rats. In an
      attempt to probe the mechanism of this delaying effect we observed that (1)
      anterior pituitary response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone in vitro was
      normal in terms of LH release but FSH secretion was impaired and (2) progesterone
      injection in oestrogen-primed convulsed rats failed to generate an ovulatory-type
      surge of LH or FSH. Basal serum levels and basal in-vitro secretion of LH and FSH
      were normal. We conclude that repeated convulsions adversely affect the
      hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadotrophin system of immature female rats.

PMID- 6813416
TI  - Repeated convulsions induce pseudopregnancy in the intact rat and inhibit steroid
      mediated gonadotrophin secretion in the ovariectomized rat.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of repeated flurothyl-induced seizures on
      reproductive function in the female rat. This treatment rapidly induced a state
      of pseudopregnancy in intact cyclic rats. Prolactin is clearly implicated in this
      response since treatment with bromocriptine readily counteracted the influence of
      the convulsions. The mechanism of action of repeated seizures was further
      characterized in experiments on ovariectomized rats. Thus, 11 daily convulsions,
      but not a single acute seizure, were able to inhibit the positive feedback effect
      of progesterone on LH and FSH release in oestrogen-primed animals. In this model
      also the pituitary gland response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone in vitro was
      significantly reduced. However, the convulsions had no effect on basal serum or
      basal in-vitro secretion of LH and FSH in ovariectomized or oestrogen-treated
      ovariectomized rats. Thus, repeated seizures modified the hypothalamo-pituitary
      axis in such a way as to prevent it from responding to stimulation. Our results
      indicate that normal reproductive function in the female rat is very sensitive to
      repeated seizures and suggest that similar effects may be evident in women
      subjected to electroconvulsive shock therapy. The successful use of bromocriptine
      in reversing the influence of seizures in the rat suggests its use in man also.

PMID- 6813417
TI  - Intracellular and extracellular acid-base status as a function of temperature in
      the freshwater channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
AB  - The relationship between acid-base status and temperature was studied in the
      channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The change in blood pH with temperature had
      a slope of -0.0132/degrees C and involved both a decrease in total CO2 at higher
      temperatures, and a significant rise in arterial PCO2. The acid-base changes in
      the intracellular compartment were similar to those in the blood, except that for
      red and white muscle the slope of the change in pH with temperature had a
      slightly higher value (-0.0185 and -0.0147, respectively), and for heart muscle
      it had a smaller value (-0.0117). The net whole-body excretion of acid or base in
      response to temperature change was relatively small: 0.40 m-mole . kg-1 net OH-
      was excreted in response to an increase from 22 to 31 degrees C, and 0.31 m-mole
      . kg-1 net H+ was excreted in response to change from 25 to 15 degrees C. In both
      cases approximately half was excreted renally and half branchially. Using
      information on the volumes and buffer capacities of the various body fluid
      compartments as well as the information above, the ratio of imidazole to
      phosphate intracellular buffers was calculated to be 5.1 to 1. The amount of
      intercompartmental (active) transfer required to make temperature adjustments is
      strongly dependent on the buffer ratio, and on the PCO2. Without the observed
      changes in PCO2 with temperature, the transfer requirement would have been 3 to 4
      times larger.

PMID- 6813418
TI  - Intracellular and extracellular acid-base regulation in the tropical fresh-water
      teleost fish Synbranchus marmoratus in response to the transition from water
      breathing to air breathing.
AB  - In the tropical fresh water fish, Synbranchus marmoratus, transition from water
      breathing to air breathing, induced by reduction of oxygen partial pressure (PO2)
      in the environmental water below 16 mmHg, causes a considerable rise in the
      arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), from 5.6 to 26 mmHg on the
      average (half time of the rise between 2 and 6.5 h). The associated fall in
      arterial plasma pH by about 0.6 units is not compensated by an increase in plasma
      bicarbonate concentration, whereas the intracellular pH of white skeletal muscle
      and heart muscle is kept almost constant by elevation of the intracellular
      bicarbonate concentration. The additional bicarbonate is generated by
      intracellular non-bicarbonate buffering, and by net transfer into the
      intracellular space of bicarbonate formed by buffering in blood. Only a
      relatively small quantity of bicarbonate is taken up from environmental water.
      This type of acid-base regulation, with almost complete intracellular pH
      compensation and only minor bicarbonate uptake (equivalent H+ release or OH-
      uptake) from water, is attributed to several factors. Probably the most important
      of these is the lack of continuous contact of the gills, which are the main site
      of ion transfer processes, with the environmental water during air breathing.
      Regardless of the mechanisms involved, this particular strategy of acid-base
      regulation provides a constant milieu for the intracellular structures and
      demonstrates the prevalence of intracellular over extracellular acid-base
      regulation.

PMID- 6813420
TI  - Interleukin 2 and stimulator lymphoblastoid cells will induce human thymocytes to
      bind and kill K562 targets.
AB  - Human thymocytes cultured in the presence of IL-2 and an irradiated B cell line
      became cytotoxic to K562 target cells. Thymocytes cultured alone or with only IL
      2 exhibited almost no killing, but thymocytes cultured in the presence of
      stimulator cells alone exhibited low levels of cytotoxic activity. Removal of Fc
      gamma receptor-bearing cells from the activated thymocyte population almost
      completely abolished the binding and lytic activity. Separation of thymocytes
      into Fc microns+ and Fc microns-cells before culturing with IL-2 and stimulator
      cells revealed that only the Fc microns+ subpopulation developed into K562 killer
      cells. These findings indicate that modulation of Fc microns to Fc gamma
      receptors on the thymocyte cell surface is part of the maturation process of this
      particular subset of cytotoxic cells. Morphologically, most of the activated Fc
      gamma+ K562-binding cells were large, granulated lymphocytes. Only very few of
      the round, nongranulated small thymocytes were bound to K562 target cells.

PMID- 6813421
TI  - Utilization and cost effectiveness of a family practice center.
AB  - In a prepaid group practice setting, a group of 45 Family Practice Center
      patients, carefully matched by age, sex, and employment, were compared with a
      group of 63 patients attending medical and pediatric clinics. Utilization rates
      for physician and nonphysician visits and costs of laboratory and x-ray services
      during a period of 33 months were examined. Despite a 25 percent greater
      prevalence of significant chronic medical problems, the family practice group
      used specialist care less than one half as much as did the matching group and
      made one extra physician visit per patient per year. Costs for laboratory and x
      ray procedures did not differ significantly. Satisfaction expressed in responses
      to telephone interviews of both groups was found to be somewhat greater among the
      family practice patients. The findings of this study provide some support for
      greater cost effectiveness and patient satisfaction of family practice compared
      with alternative modes of primary care.

PMID- 6813419
TI  - Genetic control of immune response to myoglobin. Ir gene function in genetic
      restriction between T and B lymphocytes.
AB  - We studied the genetic restrictions on the interaction between T cells, B cells,
      and antigen-presenting cells (APC) involved in the H-2-linked Ir gene control of
      the in vitro secondary antibody response to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in mice.
      The B cells in this study were specific for Mb itself, rather than for a hapten
      unrelated to the Ir gene control, as in many previous studies. Low responder mice
      immunized in vivo with Mb bound to an immunogenic carrier, fowl gamma globulin (F
      gamma G), produced B cells competent to secrete anti-Mb antibodies in vitro if
      they received F gamma G-specific T cell help. However, (high-responder X low
      responder) F1 T cells from Mb-immune mice did not help these primed low responder
      (H-2k or H-2b) B cells in vitro, even in the presence of various numbers of F1
      APC that were demonstrated to be component to reconstitute the response of spleen
      cells depleted by APC. Similar results were obtained with B6 leads to B6D2F1
      radiation bone marrow chimeras. Genotypic low responder (H-2b) T cells from these
      mice helped Mb-primed B6D2F1B cells plus APC, but did not help syngeneic chimeric
      H-2b B cells, even in the presence of F1 APC. In contrast, we could not detect
      any Ir restriction on APC function during these in vitro secondary responses.
      Moreover, in the preceding paper, we found that low responder mice neonatally
      tolerized to higher responder H-2 had competent Mb-specific helper T cells
      capable of helping high responder but not low responder B cells and APC.
      Therefore, although function Mb-specific T cells and B cells both exist in low
      responder mice, the Ir gene defect is a manifestation of the failure of syngeneic
      collaboration between these two cell types. This genetic restriction on the
      interaction between T cells and B cells is consistent with the additional new
      finding that Lyb-5-negative B cells are a major participant in ths vitro
      secondary response because it is this Lyb-5-negative subpopulation of B cells
      that have recently been shown to require genetically restricted help. The Ir gene
      defect behaves operationally as a failure of low responder B cells to receive
      help from any source of Mb-specific T cells either high responder, low responder,
      or F1. The possible additional role of T cell-APC interactions, either during
      primary immunization in vivo or in the secondary culture is discussed.

PMID- 6813422
TI  - A clinical librarian program in a family medicine residency.

PMID- 6813424
TI  - Sex-differences in catecholamine metabolites in human urine during development
      and at adulthood.
AB  - Adrenergic amines (dopamine [DA], norepinephrine [NE], epinephrine [E] and
      related compounds (DOPA, 3-methoxytyramine [MT], normetanephrine [NMN],
      metanephrine [MN], 3-5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC], vanilmandelic acid
      [VMA] were analyzed in urine of human from one day to 40 years of age, in view to
      investigate the sex influence on catecholamine metabolism during life. In
      neonatal life (1 day to 3.5 months), the total amounts of urinary (E + MN) and
      (NE + NMN + VMA) were lower in girls than in boys, the former two compounds being
      mainly of adrenal medullary origin and the latter three coming largely from the
      sympathetic neurons. In adulthood, women excreted epinephrine (12.5 +/- 2.2
      micrograms/24 hours) at lower levels then men (22.8 +/- 4.5 micrograms/24 hours)
      but no sex related differences occurred in the total amounts of urinary E + MN
      and NE + NMN + VMA. It is concluded from our study that, during the neonatal
      life, girls exhibit a lesser adreno-sympathetic maturity than boys, but full
      maturation of peripheral adrenergic sites is reached near to the fifth year of
      age in both sexes. The role of testosterone has been discussed. In adults, the
      lower epinephrine levels found in women urine do not seem to result from a sex
      difference in the degree of adrenergic maturity, but perhaps partly from an
      increased rate of epinephrine inactivation by catechol-O-methyltransferase.

PMID- 6813425
TI  - Effects of chronic treatment with antidepressants on aggressiveness induced by
      clonidine in mice.
AB  - It has previously been found that a number of typical and atypical
      antidepressants, given chronically, intensify clonidine-induced aggressiveness in
      mice. Further experiments now show that chronic, but not acute, administration of
      nisoxetine, a selective inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake, potentiates clonidine
      induced aggressiveness. Citalopram and fluvoxamine, two selective inhibitors of
      serotonin uptake, have no such action. Of the two isomers of flupenthixol, only
      the trans-form potentiates clonidine-induced aggressiveness of chronic
      experiments. The cis-form induces an inhibiting effect. Clonidine-induced
      aggressiveness is also intensified by chronic, but not by acute, administration
      of pizotifen, an antagonist fo serotonin and noradrenaline. The results seem to
      support the previous hypothesis that potentiation of clonidine-induced
      aggressiveness is mediated by an alpha 1-adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 6813426
TI  - Measles virus and subacute neurological disease: an unusual presentation of
      measles inclusion body encephalitis.
AB  - A 20-year-old girl developed a subacute neurological illness characterized by
      seizures and epilepsia partialis continua, which resulted in her death within 10
      weeks of her first symptom. Although she had a history of unusual reactions to
      viral infections, there was no evidence of any underlying disorder resulting in
      immunosuppression. Histopathology demonstrated the presence of dense infection
      with measles virus. The unusual clinical features of this cases suggest that
      measles virus may be responsible for a wide spectrum of neurological disease
      ranging from measles inclusion body encephalitis on the one hand to subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis on the other.

PMID- 6813427
TI  - Familial cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: evidence for
      hypothalamic LHRH deficiency.
AB  - A family with familial cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is
      described. The condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive defect. CT scan
      in one case revealed cerebellar and brain stem atrophy. Endocrinological tests
      showed abnormalities only in two patients who were clinically affected. In both
      cases raised gonadotropic levels were found after repetitive stimulation with
      luteining hormone-releasing hormone which suggests that the hypogonadism was due
      to a primary hypothalamic disturbance.

PMID- 6813423
TI  - Presynaptic modulation of dopamine-induced locomotor activity of oxotremorine in
      nucleus accumbens of the rat.

PMID- 6813428
TI  - The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on the development of male rats and their
      fertility.
AB  - Albino male rats were injected with diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine, valproic
      acid or clonazepam for three months immediately after weaning. Following the
      treatment the fertility of the rats was tested by caging them with proestrus
      females and recording impregnations. The males were decapitated and their sex
      organs weighed. Epididymal sperm content and motility rate were recorded. A
      decrease in the prostate weight was found in the valproic acid and the
      carbamazepine treated rats. Epididymal weights were found decreased only in the
      valproic acid treated rats. These rats had diminished sperm content and sperm
      motility and their fertility was decreased. Carbamazepine treated rats had a
      lowered epididymal sperm content which did not affect their fertility.

PMID- 6813429
TI  - Canine GM1 gangliosidosis. An ultrastructural and biochemical study.
AB  - The ultrastructural and biochemical features of canine GM1 gangliosidosis were
      studied. beta-Galactosidase activity assayed using both skin fibroblast tissue
      culture strains and fresh skin revealed enzyme activities in three groups
      (normals, heterozygotes, and homozygotes) corresponding to an autosomal recessive
      inheritance. The concentration of ganglioside GM1 was greatly increased in
      cerebral gray matter and kidney. A striking elevation of tissue oligosaccharides
      was found in liver, kidney, and spleen. Most neurons in the cerebral cortex and
      deep gray matter were filled by spherical lamellated inclusions. Hepatocytes
      contained vacuoles with an amorphous granular material which may correspond to
      the accumulation of galactose-oligosaccharides determined chemically. The disease
      in dogs has features similar to both the infantile and juvenile form of human GM1
      gangliosidosis.

PMID- 6813431
TI  - The organization of 10 nm filaments and microtubules in embryonic neurons from
      spinal ganglia.
AB  - The distribution of tubulin and 10 nm filament protein: vimentin and the 70 K
      neurofilament component, was investigated in cultures of dorsal root ganglion
      cells by indirect immunofluorescence using antisera specific for these proteins.
      The neuronal cell bodies and the neurites in these cultures were brightly
      stained. Fibres stained with both tubulin and 10 nm filament antibodies were
      visible at branch points, whereas only microtubules extended into growth cones,
      including those that were in the process of bifurcation. Differences in the
      arrangement of microtubules and 10 nm filaments were also detected during
      colcemid-induced neurite retraction. After complete retraction, perinuclear coils
      of 10 nm filaments were found in the cell bodies whereas only very weak diffuse
      tubulin staining was visible. When regrowth commenced on removal of colcemid,
      microtubule organizing centres were visible in the cell bodies and were then
      rapidly obscured by bright staining which later extended into the neurite stump.
      Similarly, the 10 nm coils were replaced by fibrous staining which also projected
      into the growing neurite. These observations suggest that the extension of
      microtubules and 10 nm filaments is both co-ordinated and sequential, with
      microtubules having a dynamic role in growth and 10 nm filaments stabilizing the
      pattern of growth thereafter.

PMID- 6813430
TI  - Enzymic differentiation of neurologic and nonneurologic forms of Gaucher's
      disease.
AB  - This study explores the biochemical basis that may distinguish neurologic and
      nonneurologic forms of Gaucher's disease. Crude membrane preparations from
      spleens of controls and patients representing the three clinical categories of
      Gaucher's disease were delipidated by extraction with sodium cholate and n
      butanol. Total beta-glucosidase activity was estimated using 4-methylumbelliferyl
      beta-D-glucopyranoside (MUG) as substrate, and glucocerebrosidase activity was
      determined using (3H)-glucocerebroside. beta-Glucosidase and glucocerebrosidase
      activities were reconstituted by inclusion of sodium taurocholate or
      phosphatidylserine in the assay medium. When assays contained phosphatidylserine,
      residual beta-glucosidase activity in delipidated spleen preparations from type
      1, nonneurologic cases were five times greater than cases of neurologic Gaucher's
      disease (82.3 vs. 11.3 units per mg protein). However, beta-glucosidase assays
      using sodium taurocholate did not discriminate Gaucher's disease subtypes.
      Similar results were obtained when spleen preparations were analyzed for
      glucocerebrosidase using glucocerebroside as the substrate. Brain beta
      glucosidase from patients representing the three classes of Gaucher's disease
      showed a similar pattern of sensitivity toward phosphatidylserine. The specific
      activity of beta-glucosidase in an extract of brain from the one case of type 1
      Gaucher's disease analyzed was five times greater than the mean residual specific
      activity of brain beta-glucosidase measured in five cases of type 2 and type 3
      Gaucher's disease. These findings suggest that, in patients with type 1 Gaucher's
      disease, glucocerebrosidase may show greater activity in the presence of acidic
      phospholipids than glucocerebrosidase does in patients with neurologic forms of
      the disease. The ability of the brain enzyme from a type 1 case to be profoundly
      stimulated by an acidic phospholipid may explain why such individuals are spared
      central nervous system involvement.

PMID- 6813432
TI  - Absorbed dose estimates for positron emission tomography (PET): C15O, 11CO, and
      CO15O.

PMID- 6813433
TI  - Difluoromethylornithine enhancement of putrescine uptake into the prostate:
      concise communication.
AB  - We studied the effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible
      inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on putrescine uptake by the rat prostate.
      Using C-14 putrescine, we found a several-fold increase in uptake by both the
      dorsal and ventral prostates of DFMO-pretreated intact animals, compared with
      untreated controls. When previously castrated animals were treated with a
      combination of testosterone and DFMO, the prostatic uptake of exogenously
      administered C-14 putrescine increased more than tenfold. Under these conditions,
      DFMO enhanced the uptake by the prostate to a greater extent than by any other
      tissue studies.

PMID- 6813434
TI  - Primary or team nursing? Two conditions determine the choice.
AB  - The cost-benefit analysis of the primary nursing structure is contingent on the
      factors that affect the proper use of nursing skills. By reducing the problems of
      coordinating the work, primary nursing has the potential of greater professional
      nurse involvement with patients. However, in a unit with inefficient support
      systems, inappropriate use of professional skills in primary nursing render the
      primary nursing structure less cost-beneficial than the team nursing structure.
      We may postulate here that primary nursing will be more cost-beneficial than team
      nursing when the nursing support system requires very little of the RNs' time and
      the patients require highly skilled care. In a hospital that has inefficient
      nursing support systems and on nursing units that have mostly self-care to
      intermediate care patients, primary nursing will only diminish proper use of
      nursing skills without significant potential to improve the quality of care. On
      the contrary, with highly efficient nursing support systems and on nursing units
      that have mostly intermediate use to extensive care patients, primary nursing
      will have great potential to improve quality and to use nursing skills properly.

PMID- 6813435
TI  - Function of pituitary-thyroid axis in copper-deficient rats.
AB  - Thirty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a copper deficient diet
      (0.85 mg Cu/kg) or a copper-adequate diet (8 mg Cu/kg). After 7 weeks, the rats
      were fasted for 12 hours, and injected intravenously with thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH, 30 ng/100 g body weight). Six rats from each treatment were killed
      at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours after TRH injection. Sera obtained at 0, 0.5 and 1
      hour, and at 0.2 and 4 hours were used for the radioimmunoassay of thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Reduction in liver
      copper content confirmed that the rats fed the test diet were copper-deficient.
      Serum TSH levels appeared to have peaked at 30 minutes but declined to a level
      higher than basal at 1 hour. No difference in TSH response was observed between
      the 2 treatments. Serum T4 response to TRH was reduced in the copper-deficient as
      compared to the adequate rats at all time intervals. After 2 hours a slight
      elevation was observed in the controls, but marked elevations in T4 were observed
      in both treatments at 4 hours. This reduction in T4 levels could be due to an
      impaired T4 synthesis or release in copper-deficient rats.

PMID- 6813436
TI  - Plasma free amino acid levels in uremic rats given high and low protein diets or
      intravenous infusions of amino acid solutions.
AB  - Plasma free amino acids were measured in uremic and sham-operated rats fed for 10
      days a high (24%) or a low (6%) protein diet or given total parenteral nutrition,
      either with a complete amino acid solution or a solution containing only the
      amino acids considered to be indispensible in uremia. The plasma levels of
      citrulline, glycine, hydroxyproline, and 1- and 3-methylhistidine were elevated
      in all uremic rats compared with the corresponding controls. Plasma tryptophan
      was reduced in three out of four uremic groups and the brached-chain amino acids
      and tyrosine were reduced in plasma of orally fed uremic rats but not after
      intravenous infusion. Plasma serine increased with increased plasma glycine
      levels. The ratio serine:glycine was, however, significantly smaller in the
      uremic rats. The ratios of plasma valtine:glycine and indispensable:dispensable
      amino acids were affected by nitrogen intake as well as by uremia, whereas plasma
      citrulline:tryptophan was influenced only by the uremic state. This ratio was
      markedly elevated in all uremic groups. The alterations observed in the plasma
      free amino acid levels and ratios of the uremic rats were similar to those
      reported from clinical observations on patients with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6813437
TI  - Arginine uptake by chick kidney mitochondria.
AB  - Arginine uptake by kidney mitochondria in two strains of chicks of high (HA) and
      low (LA) requirement of dietary arginine was studied by using an ion-exchange
      method. Dietary factors influencing uptake of arginine were also investigated.
      The results indicate that arginine uptake by kidney mitochondria of HA chicks was
      significantly higher than the LA chicks when arginine-deficient diet or diet with
      excess lysine was fed. The arginine uptake by kidney mitochondria reflects the
      kidney arginase activity. Both arginase activity and arginine uptake inversely
      correlated with growth rate of the two strains of chicks. However, the dietary
      factors that affect kidney mitochondria arginase activity are not completely
      parallel to the uptake of arginine by kidney mitochondria. A system that
      facilitates entry of arginine into kidney mitochondrial membrane is suggested.

PMID- 6813438
TI  - Potassium-induced changes in muscle free amino acid concentrations in chicks.
AB  - Two experiments with purified crystalline amino acid diets were conducted to
      determine the effect of dietary potassium level on chick breast muscle free amino
      acid concentrations. In both experiments, concentrations of muscle free
      glutamine, lysine and arginine increased as dietary potassium increased from 0.12
      to 0.18% and decreased as dietary potassium exceeded 0.18%. As dietary potassium
      increased, muscle potassium concentration increased linearly with an equivalent
      linear decrease in muscle sodium concentration. Peak concentration of muscle free
      glutamine, lysine and arginine occurred in muscle with a K+:Na+ ratio of
      approximately 1:4. Concentrations of the three amino acids were less in muscle
      with K4:Na+ ratios either less than or greater than 1.4. Breast muscle
      concentrations of free histidine decreased slightly, while muscle free carnosine
      increased substantially when dietary potassium exceeded 0.18%.

PMID- 6813439
TI  - Threonine imbalance and the threonine requirement of the chicken.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary amino acids on
      the threonine requirement of chicks. A diet limiting in threonine and containing
      the equivalent of 20.6% crude protein was imbalanced by supplements of 0.9 to
      1.5% L-tryptophan, 3.0% L-serine, a mixture of 2% each, leucine, isoleucine and
      valine or a 6.0% mixture of all essential amino acids but threonine. All amino
      acid supplements decreased the growth of chicks, and decreased food intake and/or
      efficiency of food utilization (P less than 0.05). Supplemental threonine
      prevented these effects in all cases except for 1.5% tryptophan in which the
      adverse effect of tryptophan was not prevented completely. The threonine
      requirement of Leghorn chicks was 0.69 to 0.72 percent of the diet when the diet
      did not contain the imbalancing amino acid supplements. We concluded that the
      threonine requirement of the chick is higher than previously reported, and is
      influenced by the amino acid content of the diet.

PMID- 6813440
TI  - Threonine metabolism of chicks fed threonine-imbalanced diets.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the metabolic fate of threonine in chicks
      fed threonine-imbalanced diets. Threonine imbalance was produced by the addition
      of 3% serine to a threonine-limited diet, and prevented by the addition of 0.2%
      threonine to the diet. Serine decreased plasma and liver free threonine
      concentrations, and increased hepatic threonine dehydrogenase and threonine
      aldolase activities. All changes, including reduced food intake, appeared to
      occur within 1 day of feeding the imbalanced diet. Despite the decrease in free
      threonine concentrations and the increase in threonine aldolase and threonine
      dehydrogenase activities, net threonine catabolism was not markedly increased.
      This was evidenced by similar amounts of 14CO2 exhaled by chicks fed control and
      imbalanced diets containing L-[U-14C] threonine, and by similar growth of chicks
      that were forced-fed both diets to maintain equivalent food intake. It is
      possible that increases in threonine catabolism contribute to depressions of
      plasma and tissue threonine concentrations. However, the growth depression caused
      by serine-induced threonine imbalance is due to depressed food intake.

PMID- 6813441
TI  - Mechanism of uptake of cobalamin into enterocyte mitochondria.
AB  - To study the mechanism which cobalamin is taken up by the mitochondria, 57Co
      cyanocobalamin-binder complex and freshly prepared mitochondria were prepared
      from the enterocytes of rats. Subsequently, the binder complex was incubated
      together with mitochondria in a calcium-containing medium in vitro. Uptake of
      cobalamin was determined by measuring the radioactivities bound to the
      mitochondria. Consequently, lysosomal and microsomal binders enhanced cobalamin
      uptake into the mitochondria, but intrinsic factor did not. It was found that the
      uptake into the mitochondria was inhibited by previous treatment with calcium
      chelating agents. The uptake was completely restored after addition of calcium
      ions to the mitochondria.

PMID- 6813442
TI  - Towards economy of effort in quantitative ultrastructural pathology: efficient
      sampling schemes for studying experimental carcinogenesis.
AB  - Hamster cheek pouch mucosa was painted with DMBA in order to compare samples of
      epithelium at different pathological stages of carcinogenesis. Stereological
      methods were applied to ultrathin sections of tissue to estimate one
      ultrastructural index of change, the surface ratio of lamina densa compared with
      the overlying plasma membrane of cells in stratum basale. Analysis of variance
      techniques were then employed to isolate and quantify the contributions which
      different levels of sampling (animals, tissue blocks, microscopic fields) made to
      the total observed variation in this surface ratio. Economical sampling schemes
      for future use were calculated from the sampling variances by taking into account
      the relative costs at each sampling level. Though illustrated by means of the
      hamster cheek pouch-DMBA model, our results are pertinent to many other
      experimental models for quantitative histopathology.

PMID- 6813443
TI  - The association of septic thrombophlebitis with subperiosteal abscesses in
      children.
AB  - An association of septic thrombophlebitis with acute osteomyelitis in four
      children is described. Each patient presented with physical findings consistent
      with thrombophlebitis. Venography, done in two, demonstrated significant acute
      thrombophlebitis, and another had an infected venous cutdown. A subperiosteal
      abscess was the predominant bony involvement found in all three patients who
      underwent surgical drainage. The initial radiographs were normal in each case.
      Bone scans showed diffuse increase in activity in the extremity, consistent with
      hyperemia, but no focal areas of increased uptake to suggest osteomyelitis.
      Computerized tomography, done in two patients, failed to reveal any bony
      abnormality, although subperiosteal abscesses were drained within 48 hours of
      each study. The existence of reverse collateral venous flow through the bone,
      associated with a rise in intramedullary pressure, may be responsible for these
      findings.

PMID- 6813444
TI  - Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia associated with valproic acid therapy.
AB  - Plasma carnitine and blood ammonia concentrations were measured in 25 severely
      handicapped patients, ages 3 to 21 years, and 27 age-matched control subjects.
      Fourteen of the handicapped patients were treated with anticonvulsant drugs
      including valproic acid; the remaining 11 patients were treated with drugs
      excluding valproic acid. Plasma carnitine concentrations were lower and blood
      ammonia values were higher in patients treated with valproic acid than in the
      untreated patients and control subjects. A significant inverse relationship was
      found between plasma carnitine concentrations and the dosage of valproic acid,
      and between plasma carnitine and blood ammonia values. After oral administration
      of D,L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) for four weeks, both carnitine deficiency and
      hyperammonemia were corrected.

PMID- 6813446
TI  - Development of Sarcocystis fayeri in the equine.
AB  - Eight ponies and a horse were inoculated orally with sporocysts of Sarcocystis
      fayeri from dogs. They were examined for clinical signs of infection and killed
      10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50 (horse), 77, 101, and 156 days after inoculation (DAI).
      Elevated temperature was observed in three ponies 20 and 26 DAI and anemia was
      observed in three ponies and the horse 15 to 69 DAI. Schizonts were found in or
      near cells lining capillaries or arteries of the heart, brain, and kidney 10, 20,
      and 25 DAI. Immature cysts containing only metrocytes were first found in muscles
      50 DAI. Mature intramuscular cysts containing metrocytes and zoites or zoites
      alone were found 77, 101, and 156 DAI and produced patent infections in dogs fed
      infected meat.

PMID- 6813445
TI  - Glucose metabolism of Haemonchus contortus adults: effects of thiabendazole on
      susceptible versus resistant strain.
AB  - Analyses of the in vitro glucose metabolism of Haemonchus contortus adults have
      confirmed a complex series of end-products: ethanol, n-propanol, propionate,
      acetate, and CO2 as the major end-products of catabolism. No difference in end
      product accumulation was seen between the cambendazole sensitive (BPL) and
      cambendazole resistant (CR) strains. Thiabendazole (5 mM) in vitro depressed
      ethanol, propanol, acetate, and propionate accumulation by approximately 42% in
      the BPL strain. However, in the resistant strain (CR), these end-product
      accumulations increased by 50% when the worms were exposed to drug in vitro and
      80% when exposed in vivo. Resistance manifested by the CR strain appeared to be
      associated with the ability to increase its carbon flow in the presence of
      thiabendazole.

PMID- 6813447
TI  - Physicochemical stability of pharmaceutical phosphate buffer solutions II.
      Complexation behavior of Al(III) with additives in phosphate buffer solutions.

PMID- 6813449
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of thiocarbamide and vitamin B1 in injectable
      solutions by differential pulse polarography].

PMID- 6813448
TI  - Physicochemical stability of pharmaceutical phosphate buffer solutions III. Gel
      filtration chromatography of Al(III) complex formed in phosphate buffer
      solutions.

PMID- 6813450
TI  - Potential thyroliberin affinity labels II: Chloroacetyl substituted phenylalanyl
      prolineamides.
AB  - Three analogs of thyroliberin (I) were prepared. These compounds, N-m
      chloroacetylbenzoyl-phenylalanyl-prolineamide (VIa), N-p-chloroacetylbenzoyl
      phenylalanyl-prolineamide (VIb) and N-chloroacetyl-alanyl-phenylalanyl
      prolineamide (IX), were designed as potential I antagonist affinity labels.
      However, no significant antagonist activity was observed. Compounds VIa and IX
      were found to have weak agonist activity. Cyclo (Phe-Pro) an analog of the I
      metabolite, cyclo (His-Pro), was found, however, to have significant I antagonist
      activity, but no agonist activity.

PMID- 6813451
TI  - A pharmacological comparison of 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99) and
      N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine with (3-PPP) selected dopamine agonists.

PMID- 6813453
TI  - The importance of calcium in the amphetamine-induced stimulation of dopamine
      synthesis in mouse striata in vivo.

PMID- 6813454
TI  - Active and inactive renin release from rabbit kidney cortex slices: effect of
      sodium concentration and of furosemide.
AB  - 1. Active and inactive renin release by rabbit kidney cortex slices was
      investigated. Inactive renin was estimated as the increase in renin activity
      after acidification (pH 2 . 8) of slice supernatant solutions. 2. Active renin
      release was increased when incubation medium [Na+] was reduced. This relationship
      was linear (r2 = 0 . 96) over the range [Na+] = 23-133 mM. 3. For the same range
      of [Na+] inactive renin secretion decreased when medium [Na+] was reduced (r2 = 0
      . 92). Therefore, the proportion of total renin which was in the inactive form
      decreased linearly as [Na+] was reduced (r2 = 0 . 97). 4. Chloride ions did not
      appear to be important in altering the secretion of either active or inactive
      renin. 5. Adding furosemide to the incubation medium in concentrations up to 40
      micrograms/ml. did not change secretion of either form of renin. The action of
      furosemide on secretion of active and inactive renin in vivo is therefore
      secondary to altered renal function. 6. Regulation of the relative amount of
      active and inactive renin in plasma could be entirely an intrarenal event. It is
      not essential to invoke a plasma activating enzyme for inactive renin in order to
      explain changes in plasma levels of the two forms of renin. 7. This paper
      supports the hypothesis that release of inactive renin by the kidney is
      controlled by a sodium-sensitive mechanism.

PMID- 6813455
TI  - [Systematization of pulmonary gas exchange].

PMID- 6813452
TI  - Role of the central adrenergic system in mediating amitriptyline-induced
      alteration in the mammalian blood-brain barrier in vivo.
AB  - All tricyclic antidepressants increase the degree of equilibration of [3H]water
      across the cerebral capillary (Ew) as measured by a dual-label radioactive tracer
      technique. By using amitriptyline (AMI) as a prototype, a series of studies was
      conducted to determine the mechanism for this drug effect. The AMI-induced
      increase in Ew was blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine ablation of central aminergic
      neurons and by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha adrenergic
      antagonist. Pretreatment with propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist, did not
      block the AMI-induced increase. Central serotonergic ablation by p
      chloroamphetamine had no effect on the AMI-induced increase. Treatment with
      atropine and hydroxyzine separately also did not alter Ew. Based on these
      results, the AMI-induced increase in Ew appears to be mediated by the effect of
      the drug on central adrenergic neurons. The serotonergic, anticholinergic and
      antihistaminergic actions of AMI, by themselves, do not appear to play a role in
      this phenomenon. The results are compatible with the concept that the central
      adrenergic system functions, in part, to regulate the cerebromicrocirculation.

PMID- 6813458
TI  - Nursing innovation for prevention of decubitus ulcers in long term care
      facilities.

PMID- 6813457
TI  - The nurses role in assessment and management of the patient receiving enteral
      nutritional support.

PMID- 6813459
TI  - Agar-gel double diffusion for Lancefield grouping of beta haemolytic
      streptococci.

PMID- 6813456
TI  - [Incorporation of orotic acid in myocardial uridine nucleotides: effect of
      isoproterenol and ribose].
AB  - 1. The efficiency of the terminal steps of de novo synthesis of pyrimidine
      nucleotides in the myocardium was investigated by means of labelled orotic acid.
      [5-3H] or [6-14C] orotic acid was injected intravenously into rats. One hour
      later, the animals were sacrificed and the radioactivity incorporated into uracil
      nucleotides was determined on the compounds separated by HPLC. 2. The results
      showed poor orotic acid conversion into cardiac uracil nucleotides. The
      observation that administration of ribose to rats increases the incorporation of
      the labelled precursor is consistent with the hypothesis that de novo synthesis
      might be limited by the availability of phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate. 3. The
      treatment of animals by isoproterenol (5 mg . kg-1 body weight s.c.) 5 h prior to
      the injection of the tracer, which gave rise to an expansion of the uridine
      nucleotide pool, did not result in an increase in the incorporation of labelled
      orotic acid. 4. From these preliminary results it may be assumed that "salvage
      pathways" play a predominant role in the regulation of the level of uracil
      nucleotides in the heart.

PMID- 6813460
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase in Trypanosoma brucei brucei: evidence for selective
      toxicity of difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - Activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the major rate limiting enzyme of polyamine
      biosynthesis, was determined in bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei
      brucei. The enzyme required pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, dithiothreitol and EDTA for
      optimal activity. Several properties of the enzyme were investigated and compared
      to the mammalian enzyme. Most notably, the parasite enzyme was greater than 60
      fold more sensitive to the inhibitor DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine than its
      mammalian counterpart, thus making it an attractive target for chemotherapy.

PMID- 6813461
TI  - Effects of pinealectomy and ocular enucleation on diurnal periodicity of
      Leucocytozoon smithi (Haemosporina) gametocytes in the peripheral blood of
      domestic turkeys.

PMID- 6813462
TI  - Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal incisions.

PMID- 6813463
TI  - The interaction of ram proacrosin and acrosin forms with antiserum raised against
      ram m beta-acrosin.
AB  - An antiserum was raised in rabbits to pure m beta-acrosin, the stable form of
      active acrosin from ram spermatozoa. By use of immunoprecipitation with Protein A
      bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells, so as to react antigen with antibody and
      isolate the complex rapidly, it could be demonstrated that the anti-m beta
      acrosin cross-reacted strongly with native proacrosin, with a degenerate
      proacrosin form, and with at least one form of active acrosin other than m beta
      acrosin. Sperm proteins unrelated to acrosin were not recognized. It is concluded
      that rabbit anti-m beta-acrosin will react specifically with all the major ram
      acrosin forms; the antiserum can therefore be used with confidence in
      immunocytochemical studies to locate both proacrosin and acrosin in ram
      spermatozoa.

PMID- 6813465
TI  - Maternal and fetal response to alphaprodine during labor. A preliminary study.
AB  - Alphaprodine is a synthetic narcotic, structurally similar to meperidine.
      Respiratory depression has been reported as a not-infrequent side effect when
      larger doses of alphaprodine were used, particularly intravenously. In this
      study, the maternal respiratory rate and tissue pO2 and pCO2 were determined in
      patients receiving alphaprodine, 0.4 mg/kg of prepregnancy weight, for first
      stage analgesia. Statistically significant falls in maternal tcpO2 and increases
      in tcpCO2 were observed. The baseline fetal heart rate decreased significantly 20
      minutes after the injection (139 to 132 bpm). There was no increase in abnormal
      fetal heart rate patterns. The variability of the baseline fetal heart rate was
      unchanged until 25 minutes following alphaprodine administration, when a
      significant reduction occurred. The changes seen in the parameters monitored in
      this study were not associated with any clinically adverse effects on the mother
      or fetus.

PMID- 6813464
TI  - Gonadotropin responses to graded GNRF injections in women with prior twin
      pregnancies.
AB  - Fifteen women with prior twin pregnancies and 20 women with prior singleton
      pregnancies were investigated in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycles.
      Measurements were made of their basal LH, FSH, estradiol, progesterone,
      testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels as well as their LH and FSH responses
      to serial graded (0.5 microgram, 5.0 micrograms and 50.0 micrograms) intravenous
      injections of gonadotropin-releasing factor. The women with prior twin
      pregnancies were heavier and had a higher parity. Their basal serum progesterone
      and testosterone levels were not different, but they had lower basal serum
      estradiol levels and higher basal serum dihydrotestosterone levels. No
      differences were noted between either the basal or the stimulated gonadotropin
      (LH and FSH) levels. Thus, no identifiable pituitary trophic factors associated
      with or causing twinning could be identified in the population studied.

PMID- 6813466
TI  - The role of progestin therapy in breast disease and central nervous system
      function.

PMID- 6813467
TI  - IV N-acetylcysteine treatment of hematologic reactions to chrysotherapy.
AB  - Twelve patients with adverse hematologic reactions to chrysotherapy received
      intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) to achieve removal and/or redistribution of
      gold. Urine gold excretion while on IV NAC doubled that predicted from control
      measurements. Treatment within 20 days of the last gold injection was associated
      with better recovery of hematologic parameters. No untoward reactions from IV NAC
      were encountered. The pathogenesis of gold induced hematologic reactions is
      examined from both toxic as well as immunological perspectives.

PMID- 6813468
TI  - The effect of smoking on the distribution of gold in blood.
AB  - The uptake of gold by the red blood cells (RBC) of patients treated with
      aurothiomalate (GSTM) was greatly potentiated by smoking. The ratios of gold
      concentrations in RBC to the concentrations in plasma were 0.35 +/- 0.07 (mean +/
      SE, n = 14) in smokers and 0.028 +/- 0.003 (n = 23) in non-smokers. Gold uptake
      by RBC in vitro was also greater in smokers than in blood from non-smokers.
      Thiocyanate appears to be a major factor which enhances the uptake of gold by
      RBC. The toxicity of GSTM was not altered by smoking but side effects occurred
      earlier in smokers.

PMID- 6813469
TI  - The influence of cigarette smoking on blood gold distribution during
      chrysotherapy.
AB  - Plasma and erythrocyte gold concentrations were measured in 35 patients taking
      gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) for rheumatoid arthritis. In 6 patients with
      adverse effects attributable to gold therapy at the time of sampling, gold
      concentrations in plasma and erythrocyte fractions were no different from those
      without adverse effects. A significant difference was seen in the distribution of
      gold in the blood of cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers, with smokers
      having higher erythrocyte and lower plasma gold concentrations. A prospective
      study on 15 patients commencing treatment with GSTM showed that the higher
      concentrations of erythrocyte gold seen in smokers were achieved within the first
      2 weeks of treatment.

PMID- 6813470
TI  - Peripheral enthesopathy in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): a
      radiologic study.
AB  - Radiographs of selected peripheral entheseal regions from 32 patients with axial
      diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) were examined for the presence of
      new bone formation. The prevalence of entheseal new bone in the various regions
      was as follows: 98% of tibial spines, 91% of posterior heel regions and about 80%
      of superior patella, olecranon and inferior heel regions. The new bone showed
      characteristic solid well defined cortical margins without features of
      inflammatory change. We suggest that further attention to these readily
      accessible and easily interpretable peripheral entheseal regions, particularly
      the posterior heel, may be useful to extend the diagnostic criteria of DISH.

PMID- 6813471
TI  - Proceedings: Therapeutic innovation in rheumatoid arthritis: worldwide auranofin
      symposium. Montreal, October 20-21, 1981.

PMID- 6813473
TI  - Single dose pharmacokinetics of auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Six rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were given 2 6 mg doses of auranofin (AF)
      containing Au195, 6 months apart. The radioactivity in the whole body and in
      plasma, urine, and stool samples was measured for 6 months after each dose.
      Absorption was rapid with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1.2-2 h post
      administration. 195Au plasma half-lives (t1/2) ranged from 11.0-31.3 days, with
      195Au detectable in plasma for about 80 days. Total body t1/2 averaged 69.2+/
      29.7 days. Urinary excretion accounted for 15% of the dose. Cumulative stool
      excretion was 89%, although 72% was excreted in 10 days. Continued stool
      excretion over 6 months suggested a "central-enteric" component to the excretory
      route.

PMID- 6813472
TI  - The mechanisms of action of conventional chrysotherapy.
AB  - The discovery of chrysotherapy occurred 90 years ago. Gold salts (GS) as an
      antibacterial agent were used initially for tuberculosis (TB), but an infectious
      etiology was also suspected for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients who received
      GS for TB and who also had RA noted improvement of their arthritis. The
      injectable GS regimen now commonly used evolved from the empirical use of GS for
      RA from 1920-1960. Originally, clinical experience perpetuated the use of
      injectable GS to modify RA and its progression. However, scientific data obtained
      in the last 2 decades have supported the efficacy of chrysotherapy. Studies of
      protein binding, blood and serum concentrations, tissue distribution, and the
      toxicity of GS all provided suggestions for its mode of action. As chemical and
      cellular mediators of inflammation were uncovered, the possible actions of gold
      have been refined. Because the immune system seems to perpetuate rheumatoid
      inflammation, the interactions with GS continue to be studied. The in vitro and
      in vivo actions of GS with the immune system so far have provided conflicting
      data for its immunological effect. Studies by models of mucosal immunity may lead
      to new insights in the mode of action for gold.

PMID- 6813474
TI  - Analysis of auranofin as a rheumatoid remitting agent.
AB  - To assess the therapeutic potential of Auranofin (AF), we examined the results of
      7 early short term clinical trials involving 104 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      patients; radiographic analyses were performed on 16 of these patients followed
      for 4 years. This agent suppressed RA in 2/3-3/4 of patients followed for periods
      up to 1 year; thereafter emergence of RA activity occurred despite maintenance
      medication. Serious toxicity was nonexistent. Radiographic analyses indicated a
      minority of patients may have arrested disease demonstrated by lack of erosion
      progression. Thus, AF has a similar therapeutic profile to conventional
      chrysotherapy but the drug is more useful because of absence of serious
      toxicities.

PMID- 6813476
TI  - Auranofin: 1 mg or 9 mg? The search for the appropriate dose.

PMID- 6813475
TI  - Auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6813477
TI  - Auranofin treatment for adult rheumatoid arthritis. Comparison of 2 mg and 6 mg
      daily dose.
AB  - Auranofin, an orally effective gold compound, was administered to 2 groups of
      rheumatoid arthritis patients at 2 mg and 6 mg daily respectively in a controlled
      study. Both groups showed significant improvement in most efficacy measurements
      by 6 months. More improvement measurements were observed in the 6 mg group at 3
      months than the 2 mg group. Dropout rate because of diarrhea was similar in the 2
      groups. Other adverse reactions severe enough to force withdrawal of the test
      drug were infrequent.

PMID- 6813478
TI  - Oral gold therapy with auranofin (SK&F 39162). A multicenter open study in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred and fifty patients with rheumatoid arthritis received 6 mg of
      auranofin daily for 2-24 months. Thirty patients were withdrawn from the study,
      and 82 patients were observed for 12 months. Statistical evaluation was available
      for 74 patients at weeks 24, 38, and 48, respectively. The major side effects
      observed were diarrhea, rash, and alopecia. Significant improvement was noted in
      the articular index, ESR, pain, and morning stiffness.

PMID- 6813479
TI  - Interim results of a multicenter open study with auranofin in Japan.
AB  - We report the results of 47 of 116 rheumatoid patients, who took auranofin (AF)
      for more than 6 months. After 8-12 weeks of treatment with AF 3 mg bid, a
      remarkable improvement was observed especially in numbers of tender and swollen
      joints and duration of morning stiffness. The mean activity index before AF was
      70.1% and the index decreased linearly for 6 months to 53.5%. AF was particularly
      effective in patients with high rheumatoid activity, as well as in those of short
      duration of disease and Stages I and II. Radiographic examination showed a
      possible prevention by AF of progression of bone destruction in the joints. A
      total of 86 side effects were reported in 50 cases: 36 gastrointestinal; 34
      mucocutaneous and 16 others. Most side effects cleared during the treatment and
      no serious side effects were reported. Drug administration was discontinued in
      only 11 cases (9.5%). Blood gold level reached a plateau after 9 weeks (mean
      level was 0.67 micrograms/ml). Urinary excretion rate was parallel with the blood
      gold level.

PMID- 6813480
TI  - Effects of auranofin on the radiological progression of joint erosion in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6813481
TI  - The efficacy and safety of auranofin compared to placebo in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - This double-blind multicenter study compares the effect of adding auranofin (AF)
      3 mg bid or placebo to patients already taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. The 242 patients who completed 3 months of
      therapy demonstrated that the group receiving AF responded better than those
      receiving placebo. Of the 144 patients who completed 6 months coded medication,
      the efficacy in the AF group was superior to the placebo group in several
      parameters including a reduction in the number of painful or swollen joints, grip
      strength, dropout rate, and global efficacy as judged by the evaluating
      physician. A significant lowering of the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate and immunoglobulin levels was noted in the AF treated patients. This study
      includes data summarizing the difference between both groups with respect to on
      therapy conditions and toxicity.

PMID- 6813482
TI  - Gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Interim report of the Canadian multicenter
      prospective trial comparing sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin.
AB  - One hundred and twelve patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) were randomly assigned to receive either sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) or
      auranofin (AF). Monthly clinical assessments (morning stiffness, grip strength,
      articular index, pain, quality of life) and concurrent hematological,
      biochemical, and urine studies were performed to monitor the efficacy/toxicity
      (E/T) ratio. Ninety-two patients have completed 3 months; 65, 6 months; 47, 9
      months; and 30, 12 months. The groups were numerically balanced at each time
      period. Analysis of the 0-6 month period suggests that both drugs were equally
      and significantly beneficial after 3 months and that this was maintained at 6
      months. Toxicity was as frequent in both groups but more serious in the GSTM
      group. The main side effects were gastrointestinal (diarrhea) in the AF group and
      mucocutaneous in the GSTM group. Half of the withdrawals (14 in each group) were
      because of side effects in the GSTM group and for inadequate therapeutic efficacy
      in the AF group. This study suggests that after 6 months of treatment the E/T
      ratio of AF is greater than or equal to that of GSTM. These conclusions will need
      to be confirmed during the ongoing longer observation period. A significant
      clinical difference between the 2 drugs is that in a given patient treated with
      GSTM, the onset of toxicity coincides with a good therapeutic effect. This
      relationship does not appear to exist during AF treatment.

PMID- 6813483
TI  - Auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A
      double-blind, comparative multicenter study.
AB  - Auranofin (AF), a new gold compound, has been suggested as an alternative to
      parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This hypothesis
      has been tested within a double-blind comparative study and to date 103 patients
      have been enrolled. Forty-one RA patients have been treated for longer than 6
      months. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either AF or
      sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) and serial comparison of changes within the
      articular index, grip strength, pain, morning stiffness, and global assessment
      during treatment were measured. Improvement was noted within both treatment
      groups. Diarrhea as a side effect was most commonly seen during treatment with AF
      while rash often combined with pruritus was most commonly reported with GSTM;
      withdrawal from treatment as the result of this was nevertheless uncommon.

PMID- 6813484
TI  - An open comparative study of auranofin vs. gold sodium thiomalate.
AB  - An open comparative study of 26 patients on auranofin (AF) and 26 patients on
      gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) was undertaken. The GSTM patients responded more
      rapidly and there were more clinical remissions. The changes produced by AF were
      slower in onset. AF produced no significant changes in the erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein but it did reduce rheumatoid factor
      titers. Both AF and GSTM produced a temporary retardation of the radiological
      progression. Side effects occurred more frequently on GSTM and more patients had
      to be withdrawn from the trial.

PMID- 6813485
TI  - A comparative study of auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, and D-penicillamine in
      rheumatoid arthritis: a progress report.
AB  - We compared auranofin (AF) in a single blind multi-centre study with gold sodium
      thiomalate and D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Adult
      patients with disease duration 6-60 months without previous treatment with gold
      salts with persistent active disease, were included. Thirty-nine patients, 13 in
      each treatment group, have so far been entered. Cumulative toxicity data and some
      results of efficacy assessments in those completing 9 months of treatment are
      presented. AF is very well tolerated, judgment concerning efficacy must await the
      end of the trial.

PMID- 6813486
TI  - The problems of studying disease-remittive agents in RA.
AB  - Problems in trials of disease-remittive agents include the slow action and late
      side effects of these compounds, the lack of immediate benefit to the patient,
      their characteristic and sometimes dangerous side effects, variability of
      response, natural fluctuation of the disease, and uncertain definition of drug
      types. To overcome these problems, trials must be of long duration with large
      numbers of patients whose characteristics are clearly defined. The 2/3 blind
      technique overcomes the problem of side effects. Measurements must include
      aspects of the disease state as well as its articular manifestations. Criteria
      for the identification of disease-remittive agents include effects in animal
      models of inflammation, time course, disease-dependence, effects on joint disease
      and extraarticular manifestations, changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), and immunoglobulins, radiological progression,
      outcome, and perhaps side effects. The time course of the action of auranofin
      (AF), similar to that of Myochrysine, with its effects on ESR and RF, support the
      view that AF is a disease-remittive agent.

PMID- 6813487
TI  - Modulation of human immune responsiveness in vitro by auranofin.
AB  - The effect of auranofin (AF) on in vitro correlates of human immune
      responsiveness was examined. AF inhibited mitogen induced human lymphocyte
      proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin secreting cells in a
      concentration dependent manner. The inhibition was most effective when AF was
      present from the initiation of culture indicating that this drug blocked a
      critical early step in lymphocyte activation. Marked inhibition of mitogen
      responsiveness was observed as a result of a 1-h preincubation with AF. The brief
      preincubation with low concentrations of AF (0.3 micrograms/ml) resulted in a
      selective inhibition of the accessory function of monocytes but had no effect on
      potential lymphocyte responsiveness. Preincubation with higher concentrations of
      AF (greater than 0.6 micrograms/ml) resulted in a more non-specific inhibition of
      both monocyte and lymphocyte function. These data support the conclusion that AF
      may function as an immunosuppressive agent.

PMID- 6813488
TI  - Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the development of rational drug
      therapy.

PMID- 6813489
TI  - Mechanisms of action of auranofin: effects on humoral immune response.
AB  - Auranofin (AF) and gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) were evaluated in antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent antibody
      responses. AF decreased the ability of immune sera to participate in ADCC,
      whereas GSTM did not. Immune serum from AF-treated rats also exhibited a
      decreased antibody-dependent complement lysis (ADCL) reactivity. In contrast,
      immune sera from GSTM-treated rats enhanced ADCL. AF also suppressed '7S'
      hemagglutinin antibody response to sheep red blood cells in adjuvant arthritic
      rats, whereas neither GSTM nor gold sodium thioglucose significantly suppressed
      hemagglutinin antibody titers at doses which produced antiinflammatory activity.

PMID- 6813490
TI  - Effects of chrysotherapy on cell mediated immune response.
AB  - Auranofin (AF) differs significantly from gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) in
      formulation, i.e., aurous gold is stabilized by dual sulfur and phosphorus
      ligands, hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic characteristics, and lack of ionic
      charge. These attributes facilitate: oral absorption of AF, plasma membrane
      penetration, increase in intracellular lymphocyte gold concentration; and perhaps
      thereby influence lymphocyte function. AF treated subjects recorded prompt and
      sharp declines in mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response (LMR) greater than
      80%; suppressed response to skin testing with dinitrochlorobenezene (DNCB) in 11
      of 14 subjects; and blebbing of lymphocyte membranes by scanning electron
      microscopy. In contrast, lymphocytes from a matched group of GSTM treated
      subjects recorded later onset and less suppression of LMR; normal response to
      DNCB skin testing; and did not manifest membrane blebbing. Accordingly, the
      therapeutic action of AF on immune response was observed in the 16 subjects
      receiving 6 mg/d of an average of 45 weeks to effect primarily cell mediated
      rather than humoral immune response when compared with a matched group of GSTM
      treated patients.

PMID- 6813491
TI  - Auranofin and lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 6813492
TI  - Comparative pharmacology and biological effects of different gold compounds.
AB  - Auranofin's (AF) physical, chemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic
      properties differ from those of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM). AF is lipid
      soluble, monomeric, nonconductive and is not a potent sulfhydryl reagent. In
      further contrast to GSTM, AF gold is orally absorbed, exhibits protracted blood
      levels, is bound to cellular elements of the blood, excreted mainly in the feces,
      and exhibits less tissue retention. AF is more effective in acute inflammatory
      models and is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal enzyme release, antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity, and superoxide production. AF can suppress antibodies
      produced in adjuvant arthritic rats and those involved in cytotoxicity reactions;
      whereas, GSTM is ineffective or immunoenhancing. AF is more effective in
      stimulating abnormalized cell-mediated immunity. In conclusion, AF is a unique
      oral chrysotherapeutic agent which can affect cellular and immunopathological
      events involved in the perpetuation of inflammation and tissue damage.

PMID- 6813493
TI  - A comparison of the molecular pharmacology of gold and platinum complexes.
AB  - Auranofin and cisplatinum have antiarthritic, and antineoplastic activities
      respectively. Because of the chemical and biological similarities of the two
      compounds and the extensive studies on molecular pharmacology of cisplatinum, the
      information about the molecular and pharmacologic effects of these agents is
      presented and compared. Gold and platinum complexes both can exist in several
      oxidation states and form coordinate complexes of varying geometry and
      complexity. Gold complexes interact with bases and nucleosides but relatively
      little is known about their interaction with polynucleotides. Extrapolating from
      an understanding of the interactions of platinum complexes with polynucleotides,
      a number of proposals for additional research on gold complexes are presented.
      Substantially more information is available concerning the interactions of gold
      complexes and various proteins. The effects of gold complexes on intracellular
      macromolecules and their synthesis are poorly understood and should be studied
      using systems employed to study platinum analogues. It is suggested that 2
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of various cellular proteins be employed to
      determine to which intracellular protein gold complexes bind.

PMID- 6813494
TI  - The comparative evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of gold
      compounds.
AB  - A wide range of modern physical and chemical techniques can be used to evaluate
      the properties of gold compounds. These allow the identification of the design
      features which control their pharmacological activity: the oxidation state
      (formal charge) on the gold atom, number and types of atoms bonded to gold
      (coordinated ligands), the stereochemical arrangement of ligands around gold
      (coordination geometry), and specific targeting groups in the ligands. The
      polymeric, hydrophilic, gold thiolate compounds are contrasted with the
      monomeric, lipophilic triethylphosphine gold compound auranofin (AF). The dynamic
      ligand exchange reactions of the 2 classes of drugs differ markedly; however
      other reactions are possible, and may lead to some common intermediates in vivo.
      This conclusion is based on preliminary results using nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy, a technique which allows us to monitor reactions in intact cells.

PMID- 6813495
TI  - The comparative toxicity of gold salts.

PMID- 6813496
TI  - Distribution of gold in serum erythrocytes and white blood cells after in vitro
      incubation and during chrysotherapy with different gold compounds.
AB  - We examined the binding of gold to serum proteins and the gold level in serum and
      in blood cells both after incubation in vitro and under longterm treatment with 3
      gold compounds. Gold was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, a serum
      fractionated by gel chromatography; blood cells were separated by gradient
      centrifugation, and intracellular gold was measured after pressure decomposition
      and MIBK-extraction. Aurothiomalate (GSTM), gold keratinate (GK), and auranofin
      (AF) were used. AF showed the highest binding to globulins in in vitro and in
      vivo. With GSTM and GK there were no measurable amounts of gold in the red cell
      lysate or erythrocyte membranes whereas with AF 40% of gold was localized within
      erythrocytes. The amount of gold in granulocytes and mononuclear cells after
      incubation with AF is considerably higher than with GK and GSTM.

PMID- 6813497
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of auranofin in animals.
AB  - Gold from orally administered auranofin (AF) was absorbed 17-23% in rats and 15
      38% in dogs. Gold was highly bound to blood cells and plasma proteins. Gold
      terminal half life was 1.2-1.8 days in rat blood and plasma (measured for 7 days
      post dose) and 19.5 days in the dog (measured for 42 days). Excretion of gold
      (rat and dog) was via feces (84 and 81%) urine (10 and 16%) and bile (3% of
      dose). Rat tissue levels of gold were highest in the kidney. Evidence indicated
      that AF was rapidly degraded to triethylphosphine oxide with the remaining
      molecular fragments postulated to be a protein-gold complex and
      acetylthioglucose.

PMID- 6813498
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of parenteral and oral gold compounds.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intramuscular and oral gold compounds differ widely.
      Aurothioglucose and gold sodium thiomalate absorption is complete; 25% of
      auranofin (AF) is absorbed. Blood gold concentrations with conventional
      parenteral treatment generally peak between 600-800 microgram/dl the day of
      injection and decline gradually to about 300 micrograms/dl 7 days later. Levels
      range between 30 and 100 micrograms/dl, using 2-9 mg/d AF, and show little
      variation. A smaller percentage of gold is found in the cellular fraction of
      blood with I.M. than with oral gold. The blood half-life is approximately 6 days
      with gold sodium thiomalate, and 21 days with AF. Forty percent of the
      administered dose of injectable gold is excreted; depending upon dosage, 75-100%
      of oral gold is recovered in excreta, which is a combination of unabsorbed and
      excreted gold. Nearly 70% of parenteral gold is excreted in the urine and 30% in
      feces, while only 5% of AF is in urine and 95% in feces. The amount of gold
      retained following intravenous 195Au-labelled gold sodium thiomalate is 43% at 60
      days and 25% at 250 days, but only 15% with oral radiolabeled AF 10 days after
      ingestion. Synovial fluid gold levels are much higher with parenteral than with
      oral gold but the blood-to-synovial fluid ratio is similar. Skin gold
      concentrations rise steadily with injectable but not oral treatment, but hair and
      nail accumulation is insignificant. Corneal, lens, and skin chrysiasis may
      develop with parenteral therapy, but has not been recognized with AF.

PMID- 6813499
TI  - 1,1,2-triphenylbut-1-enes: relationship between structure, estradiol receptor
      affinity, and mammary tumor inhibiting properties.
AB  - 1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes, which are substituted with acetoxy groups on one, two,
      or three aromatic rings in the para and/or meta positions, were synthesized. The
      identity of the occurring E and Z isomers were established by 1H NMR
      spectroscopy. A study on structure-activity relationships was carried out with
      regard to estradiol receptor affinity and to inhibiting effects on the growth of
      a postmenopausal human mammary carcinoma implanted in nude mice. The para
      substituted compounds generally exhibited a higher receptor affinity and a better
      antitumor activity than the corresponding meta-substituted ones. The E isomers
      were superior to the respective Z isomers in those two properties. The tumor
      inhibiting effect of the mono- and disubstituted compounds was better than that
      of the trisubstituted ones. Except for the trisubstituted compounds, they all
      show a good correlation between estradiol receptor affinity and antitumor
      activity. One of the compounds was also tested on the 9,10-dimethylbenz[a]
      anthracene-induced, hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley
      rat, and the results corresponded to those obtained in the xenograft tumor.

PMID- 6813500
TI  - What price excellence?

PMID- 6813501
TI  - Selective patient enrollment: a tool for improved residency training.
AB  - Providing a full range of problems to be managed in a model family practice unit
      is the goal of selective enrollment of patients at the Medical University of
      South Carolina. A computerized problem-oriented medical record is used to help
      distribute families with selected chronic diseases equitably to residents.
      Attention to the demographics of each resident's practice panel can help
      influence the distribution of health problems which a resident may experience at
      the model unit. Knowledge of the demographics of families at the model unit can
      help determine how representative they are of the surrounding community.
      Reallocation of families to new resident physicians when their old resident
      physicians complete training is logically planned. Work loads of resident
      physicians are monitored to adjust family assignments in their practice panels.
      The patient enrollment process is responsive to resident and faculty input
      regarding deficiencies in the health care experiences of the resident.

PMID- 6813502
TI  - Performance of the Viomedex enteral feeding system.

PMID- 6813503
TI  - Protein SAP (serum amyloid P-component) in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia,
      multiple myeloma and rheumatic diseases.
AB  - Serum amyloid P-component (protein SAP) levels in patients with Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinaemia have been determined to be markedly elevated (83 +/- 34
      micrograms/ml) compared with healthy adult controls (35 +/- 11 micrograms/ml) and
      patients with multiple myeloma (39 +/- 17 micrograms/ml). Seropositive rheumatoid
      arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients demonstrated slightly elevated
      protein SAP levels compared with normals and systemic lupus erythematosus
      patients, but these values were indistinguishable from those for patients with
      amyloidosis associated with a rheumatic disease.

PMID- 6813504
TI  - Serum concentrations of calcium and vitamin D metabolites in prosimians.
AB  - The concentrations of total calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] were measured in serum obtained from
      prosimians, the brown lemurs. The mean serum calcium level was 10.6 mg/dl in male
      and female lemurs. The mean serum mean 25-(OH)D concentration in serum from male
      and female lemurs was 27.1 and 31.0 ng/ml, respectively. The mean serum level of
      1,25-(OH)2D3 in the female and male lemurs was 65.2 and 65.9 pg/ml, respectively.
      A small segment of the lemurs had hypercalcemia and elevated serum concentrations
      of 25-(OH)D or 1,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting the idea that the episodic ingestion of a
      large quantity of the calcium- and vitamin D-enriched diet normally provided ad
      libitum might cause hypercalcemia.

PMID- 6813506
TI  - Phosphate-controlled gene expression in Escherichia coli K12 using Mudl-directed
      lacZ fusions.

PMID- 6813505
TI  - Permeability and structural studies of heart cell gap junctions under normal and
      altered ionic conditions.
AB  - The permeability and ultrastructure of communicating junctions of cultured
      neonatal rat ventricular cells are examined under control conditions and during
      treatments which raise intracellular Ca2+. Lucifer Yellow  (487 mol wt) is used
      to examine junctional permeability. Under normal ionic conditions dye transfer
      from an injected muscle cell to neighboring muscle cells occurs rapidly (in less
      than 6 sec) while transfer to neighboring fibroblasts occurs more slowly.
      Application of monensin, which results in a partial contracture with superimposed
      asynchrony, or A23187, which results in a partial contracture, do not inhibit the
      transfer of dye between the muscle cells. A23187 did result in junctional
      blockade between muscle cells and fibroblasts. Freeze-fractured gap junctions
      from control and monensin-treated cells exhibit no distinguishable differences.
      Center-to-center spacing was not significantly different, 9.0 nm +/- 1.4 SD
      versus 9.2 nm +/- 1.3 SD, respectively; and particle diameters were virtually
      unchanged, 8.69 nm +/- 0.9 SD versus 8.61 nm +/- 1.07 SD, respectively. These
      results suggest that concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ sufficient to support a
      partial contracture and asynchronous contractile activity do not result in a
      block of intercellular junctions in cultured myocardial cells. These results are
      discussed in terms of intracellular Ca2+ -buffering and junctional sensitivity to
      Ca2+.

PMID- 6813507
TI  - Molecular evolution of protein. Internal homology in the amino acid sequence of
      calmodulin.

PMID- 6813508
TI  - Variable rate of polypeptide chain elongation for colicins A, E2 and E3.

PMID- 6813509
TI  - Growth zone of the juvenile goldfish retina revealed by fluorescent flat mounts.
AB  - The retinas of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) were processed for
      fluorescence microscope studies with flat mounts. The fish were reared in a
      laboratory aquarium for 1-3 months after either one class of retinal dopaminergic
      (DA) cells or indoleamine-accumulating (IA) cells had been destroyed by
      intravitreal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 2.5 micrograms) or 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; 2.5 micrograms). The fish grew 10-12 cm in body
      length on the average for 3 months. The retinas were isolated at various survival
      times after pretreatment with 6-OHDA or 5,7-DHT. To improve detection of the
      cells, a mixture of noradrenaline (NA; 0.5 microgram) and 5,6-DHT (0.5 microgram)
      was intravitreally injected into the eyes 2 hr before enucleation. Retinal growth
      occurred by cell proliferation at the circumferential margin distal to the
      retinal center. In this process, DA and IA cells were added in concentric rings,
      with a rate of cell accretion of approximately 12 cells per day, estimated from
      the mean cell density in the growth zone (about 252 micrograms width) over a 3
      month period. In order to compensate for loss of dopaminergic innervation induced
      by intravitreal 6-OHDA, the proliferation rate appeared to be facilitated
      significantly compared to that in normal retinas, and long and centrally
      extending processes were found to emerge from the DA cells formed earliest after
      intravitreal injection of 6-OHDA.

PMID- 6813511
TI  - Blood parasites of prairie anatids and their implication in waterfowl management
      in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
AB  - Information on the blood parasites occurring in 3,866 anatids of 14 species
      collected from five locations in Alberta and Saskatchewan during 1976-80 is
      summarized. An overall prevalence of 26% with avian hematozoa was recorded.
      Leucocytozoon simondi was the most frequently encountered parasite, occurring in
      17% of the ducks; Haemoproteus nettionis was observed in 11% of the birds while
      Plasmodium circumflexum and microfilariae (probably of Splendidofilaria
      fallisensis) occurred in only 2% and less than 1% of the sample respectively.
      Overall prevalence of infection in both immatures and adults was similar,
      although the sample was heavily biased in favor of the immature age class. While
      the overall prevalence of L. simondi was similar in both age classes, H.
      nettionis occurred twice as frequently in the adult birds. Infection prevalences
      of birds in the five geographic areas sampled were different and these
      differences are discussed. Prevalences also differed from year to year in birds
      from the various areas and these differences are attributed, in part, to the
      water levels encountered each year. Leucocytozoon simondi is considered a
      potentially limiting factor for waterfowl production in some areas of northern
      Alberta and Saskatchewan.

PMID- 6813510
TI  - Cell volume preservation and the reflection coefficient in chemical fixation.

PMID- 6813512
TI  - Waterfowl mortality caused by aflatoxicosis in Texas.
AB  - Waterfowl mortality caused by aflatoxicosis occurred in two separate areas in
      Texas during the 1977-78 wintering season. The first outbreak occurred in snow
      geese (Anser caerulescens) on the Gulf Coast prairies, followed by an outbreak in
      mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the north-central portion of the state.
      Aflatoxin B1 levels in geese were 500 ng/g (dry weight). Aflatoxin B1 levels in
      the second mortality were 10-250 ng/g (dry weight). The exact source of the toxin
      was not demonstrated in the first outbreak, but in the second outbreak was traced
      to waste peanuts, which constituted a major portion of the diet of wintering
      waterfowl in north-central Texas. Aflatoxin B1 levels in the field peanuts
      collected in the general areas were 110 ng/g.

PMID- 6813513
TI  - The lupus anticoagulant in 14 male patients.
AB  - Fourteen male patients examined for a prolonged partial thromboplastin time were
      found to have the lupus anticoagulant. In contrast to previous reports, there was
      no increased incidence of false-positive results of serological tests for
      syphilis. In only two patients was systemic lupus erythematosus confirmed,
      although two additional patients had a positive result of a test for antinuclear
      antibody. Other clinical diagnoses included peripheral vascular disease, cardiac
      disease, pulmonary disease, and schizophrenia. Prothrombin times were distinctly
      abnormal in only two patients. Bleeding was rarely encountered in these patients,
      including ten who underwent surgical procedures or some type of hemostatic
      challenge. Thrombocytopenia was not associated with bleeding but was present in
      two patients who had thrombotic events.

PMID- 6813515
TI  - Nutritional responses of tumor-bearing rats to oral or intravenous feeding.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with male rats weighing 170 to 190 grams. In
      experiment 1, some nutritional parameters were determined in tumor-bearing (TB)
      (Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) rats fed a 23.6% casein diet for 4 weeks after the
      tumor inoculation. Cumulative weight gain and food intake were less in TB rats
      than in nontumor-bearing (NTB) rats. At 3 and 4 weeks after the tumor
      inoculation, plasma histidine, alanine, and glycine levels were higher in TB rats
      than in NTB animals. The arginine level was lower in the plasma of TB rats at 4
      weeks after the inoculation. The significance of decrease in plasma arginine with
      regard to tumor growth is discussed. In experiment 2, the effects of total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) on TB rats were evaluated as compared with those of 5%
      glucose (Glc) solution. Body weights of TPN rats were maintained and their
      nitrogen (N) balances were positive during a 7-day experimental period, while 5%
      Glc animals showed severe body weight loss and apparent negative N balance. After
      the end of infusion, the plasma urea level of the TPN group was within normal
      range, whereas that of 5% Glc group showed a markedly high value. The plasma
      albumin level was higher in the TPN group. Liver and spleen weights were
      increased in TPN rats. Absolute tumor weight was somewhat greater in TPN rats
      than in 5% Glc rats, but the difference in tumor weight:body weight ratios became
      more slight. These results indicate that TPN was effective for maintaining the
      nutritional status of TB host without significant acceleration in tumor growth.

PMID- 6813514
TI  - Safety of intravenous hyperalimentation in children with malignancies: a
      cooperative group trial.

PMID- 6813517
TI  - Biotin deficiency in a child on long-term TPN.

PMID- 6813519
TI  - Early postoperative nutritional support using the serosal tunnel jejunostomy.

PMID- 6813518
TI  - Simultaneous bilateral central catheters: a safe technique.
AB  - Optimal central catheter care includes restriction usage for blood sampling and
      blood product administration on enhance continued sterility, but our experience
      with 25 children receiving bone marrow transplants after cytoreduction challenges
      this concept. Prior to transplantation, bilateral percutaneous subclavian vein
      silastic catheters were inserted without incident, one utilized for continuous
      nutritional support in caloric quantity to assure body weight maintenance, and
      the contralateral catheter utilized for daily venous sampling plus administration
      of medications including blood products. Patients subsequently entered a
      protective environment and bi-weekly surveillance cultures were monitored.
      Nutritional therapy was given for 876 days through 53 catheters. One patient
      developed culture-proven sepsis, an organism first cultured from the skin. The
      patient complication rate of 4% and the per diem rate of 0.11% in this
      immunocompromised population compares favorably to the 10.5 and 0.32% incidence
      we previously reported for 200 children with unilateral catheters. These data
      demonstrate that bilateral central catheters can be safely utilized in children
      for nutrition and sampling.

PMID- 6813520
TI  - Management of acute portal systemic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6813521
TI  - Atenolol in hypertension: efficacy - compliance study.

PMID- 6813516
TI  - Reduced metabolic complications in total parenteral nutrition: pilot study using
      fat to replace one-third of glucose calories.
AB  - The limitations of glucose-based TPN solutions are high glucose concentration,
      high osmolality, lack of fat, and essential fatty acids, which result in glucose
      intolerance and hepatotoxic effects. We replaced one-third of the calories in a
      standard amino acid-glucose solution with Liposyn 10% for 14 days in 23
      critically ill men who needed total parenteral nutrition. Serial measurements
      included weight, albumin, glucose, triglyceride concentrations, and liver
      function tests. Serum osmolality was calculated, and found to remain constant.
      Body weight and serum albumin were maintained. Minor changes occurred in hepatic
      enzymes which were physiologically insignificant. Glycosuria occurred in 15%.
      Adverse side effects of hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, and hypertriglyceridemia
      were avoided. Our results show that the addition of fat reduced glucose and
      hepatic related metabolic complications.

PMID- 6813522
TI  - Comparative studies on the effects of reserpine and it's derivatives (bromo and
      dibromo) reserpine on the blood pressure, heart rate and E.E.G. of rabbit.

PMID- 6813523
TI  - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: the medical menace in the muslim
      countries.

PMID- 6813524
TI  - Still-birth in a Hausa community.

PMID- 6813525
TI  - Bacteriological study of leukorrhea.

PMID- 6813526
TI  - Neonatal jaundice due to Rhesus and AB isoimmunization and frequency of these
      antigens in Pakistani mothers.

PMID- 6813527
TI  - Refresher courses of traditional birth attendants.

PMID- 6813528
TI  - Intra abdominal multiple haemangiopericytoma.

PMID- 6813530
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effects of glycerol, mannitol, and furosemide on
      respiratory-circulatory functions, electrolyte levels, and osmotic pressure].

PMID- 6813529
TI  - [The effect of hypertonic solutions on the red blood cells. --I. Comparison of
      the effect of various hypertonic solutions on the red blood cells].

PMID- 6813531
TI  - [The response of Fleisch pneumotachograph to various gases.--Is this apparatus an
      accurate viscous flowmeter?].

PMID- 6813532
TI  - [Studies on the antimicrobial activities of gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at Hokkaido University Hospital].
AB  - Antimicrobial activities of 3 aminoglycoside antibiotics, including gentamicin
      (GM), amikacin (AMK) and tobramycin (TOB), were determined against 1,714
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens in this hospital
      during 3 years since April of 1976 to March of 1979. From these results, some
      discussions were made as follows. 1) MIC ranges, to which about 70% of strains
      tested distributed, were 3.13--6.25 micrograms/ml of GM, 3.13--12.5 micrograms/ml
      of AMK, and 0.78--3.13 micrograms/ml of TOB in each year. 2) Frequency of drug
      resistant strain, which showed 12.5 micrograms/ml or more MIC value in any drug,
      was highest in AMK and lowest in TOB in each year. 3) Drug-resistant strain
      frequency to any one of 3 drugs tested was lowest in 1977, and higher in 1976
      than in 1978. It was not supposed that this phenomenon should be undoubtedly
      caused by the amount of drugs used in each year in this hospital. 4) Frequency of
      highly TOB-resistant strain increased year by year during the period studied,
      unlike both cases of other 2 antibiotics. 5) Cross resistance was most frequently
      observed between GM and TOB, and more between GM and AMK than between TOB and
      AMK. 6) It was considered that anti- Ps. aeruginosa-activity was highest in TOB
      followed by GM and by AMK. 7) It was suggested that there seemed to be some
      qualitative difference between antimicrobial activity of AMK and those of GM and
      TOB.

PMID- 6813533
TI  - [Calcium uptake by Bacillus subtilis sporulating cells].

PMID- 6813534
TI  - [A case of woman with acquired factor VIII inhibitor after the delivery].

PMID- 6813535
TI  - [Two cases with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia caused by anti-cancer drugs who
      improved rapidly after administration of aspirin and dipyridamole].

PMID- 6813536
TI  - [A case of mastocytoma associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation
      (DIC)].

PMID- 6813537
TI  - [A case of myelofibrosis with IgG (kappa) monoclonal gammopathy].

PMID- 6813538
TI  - [Reactions of platelet activation by teleocidin, a new tumor promotor].

PMID- 6813539
TI  - [Cross infections: a viewpoint of internal medicine].

PMID- 6813540
TI  - [Studies on isotype specificity of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal
      antibodies].

PMID- 6813541
TI  - [The effect of an elemental diet on pancreatic and biliary secretion].

PMID- 6813542
TI  - [An autopsy care of peliosis hepatis complicated by Bence-Jones lambda type
      multiple myloma].

PMID- 6813543
TI  - [A case of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction].

PMID- 6813544
TI  - [Comparison of free thyroxine index, T4/TGB ratio, and T4/unbound TBG as an
      indirect indicator of blood free thyroxine].

PMID- 6813545
TI  - Differences in respiratory neural activities between vagal (superior laryngeal),
      hypoglossal, and phrenic nerves in the anesthetized rat.
AB  - Respiratory neural activities were recorded from the efferent vagal (superior
      laryngeal Xsl)), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic nerves in spontaneously breathing
      rats anesthetized with halothane. The onset of inspiratory discharges in the
      cranial nerves was slightly earlier (5-60 msec) but more gradual than that of
      phrenic bursts. When the anesthesia was deepened by increasing the concentration
      of halothane or by injection of pentobarbital, inspiratory discharges in the
      three nerves were well maintained although there was a progressive decrease in
      respiratory frequency and a prolongation of the delay from the start of Xsl or
      XII inspiratory activities to the onset of phrenic bursts. Inhalation of CO2
      increased respiratory frequency and augmented the peak phrenic activity whereas
      the peak inspiratory activities in the cranial nerves remained unchanged under
      elevated end-tidal PCO2. Both in deeper anesthesia and in hypercapnia, changes in
      respiratory frequency were due mainly to alterations in the duration of
      expiration. The results indicated that the rat, 1) overall inspiratory activities
      in various nerves innervating the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles in
      the upper airway are quite resistant to depressing actions of halothane or
      halothane-pentobarbital anesthesia, although the mechanism controlling
      respiratory frequency is strongly affected, and 2) excitatory signals elicited by
      an elevated PCO2 via respiratory chemosensors preferentially augment inspiratory
      activities in the phrenic nerve. Factors influencing the temporal difference in
      the onset of inspiratory activities in the cranial and phrenic nerves are
      discussed.

PMID- 6813546
TI  - Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of chlorpromazine on the serum
      level of free fatty acids in rats.
AB  - The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on
      the serum level of free fatty acid (FFA) was studied in rats. Injection of CPZ
      into the lateral ventricle caused a transient decrease in serum FFA, showing the
      lowest level after 30 min. This decrease in serum FFA caused by CPZ was
      significantly inhibited by simultaneous injection of dopamine or apomorphine,
      although noradrenaline and serotonin had no effect. The dopaminergic blocking
      agent haloperidol caused a rapid decrease in serum FFA. After central chemical
      sympathectomy with the intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine,
      the response to CPZ of serum FFA was completely abolished; but after peripheral
      sympathectomy by i.v. injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, a partial inhibition of the
      action of CPZ was shown. These results suggest a possible involvement of the
      central dopaminergic mechanism in the decrease in serum FFA after
      intracerebroventricular injection of CPZ.

PMID- 6813547
TI  - [Gold-induced fibrosing lung disease--3 cases].

PMID- 6813548
TI  - [Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in the athlete and healthy subjects].

PMID- 6813549
TI  - [A case of pericardial diverticulum].

PMID- 6813550
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Blood levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been measured in several
      nonhuman primate species. Only gorillas and chimpanzees were found to have
      significant elevations of CEA-like activity in their blood compared to the normal
      values of less than 2.5 ng/ml in humans. The average CEA level in 134 chimpanzees
      was 25.2 ng/ml (range, 4.2--95 ng/ml) and in 13 gorillas it was 32 ng/ml (range,
      12.4--61.9 ng/ml). These levels were not related to sex. Blood levels repeatedly
      taken over a 1 1/2-year period remained relatively stable in both species.
      Analysis of parallelism of immunologic reactivity showed chimpanzee CEA to be
      similar to but not identical with human CEA. The molecular size of chimpanzee CEA
      was also similar to that of human CEA.

PMID- 6813551
TI  - Effects of isoproterenol on mammary gland tumors induced by N-nitroso-N
      methylurea and salivary gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - The effect of isoproterenol (IPR) (20 mg/kg, twice per wk) on mammary gland
      tumors induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) (40 or 77 mg/kg, iv) was studied.
      Within 18 weeks 50--60% of the noninbred female Sprague-Dawley rats that received
      a single injection of NMU developed carcinomas of the mammary gland. In addition,
      a malignant lymphoma was observed. There was no change in the incidence of tumors
      if NMU was administered at the time that DNA synthesis was stimulated in the
      submandibular glands by two injections of IPR (160 mg/kg, ip) given 24 hours
      apart. Tumors of unequivocal salivary gland origin were not observed,
      irrespective of whether NMU was given at the peak of stimulated DNA synthesis or
      without pretreatment with IPR. However, in 10% of the tumor-bearing rats, tumors
      were found in the neck region. These tumors could be separated from the salivary
      glands by dissection and were of mammary gland origin. Chronic treatment with IPR
      caused marked enlargements of the parotid and submandibular glands with
      hypertrophy of the acinar cells and degeneration of the duct system. Such a
      treatment caused a high death rate but no change in the incidence of the tumors.
      The effect of chronic IPR treatment (10 mg/kg twice per wk or 5 mg/kg three times
      per wk) on submandibular gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      (DMBA) was also studied. With the intraglandular injection of 100 or 200
      micrograms of DMBA, the incidences of squamous cell carcinomas in the glands were
      6.8 and 38.6%, respectively. Chronic administration of IPR after the instillation
      of DMBA caused a high death rate but no statistically significant change in the
      incidence of salivary gland tumors.

PMID- 6813552
TI  - Effect of carcinogen release rate on the incidence of preneoplastic and
      neoplastic lesions of the respiratory tract epithelium in rats.
AB  - Inbred F34 rat tracheal transplants were exposed to 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) delivered at different release rates for
      intraluminal pellets made of various matrices to study the effect of carcinogen
      dose rate on the induction of lesions in the epithelium. These matrices were
      beeswax, beeswax-stearyl alcohol, and beeswax-cholesterol. In addition, DMBA
      absorbed onto carbon particles was dispersed in beeswax-stearyl alcohol. The
      fastest release was obtained from beeswax pellets from which 99% of the
      carcinogen (198 micrograms) was released in 4 weeks, and the slowest release was
      from DMBA absorbed on carbon at a ratio of 1:9 from which only 56% (113
      micrograms) was released in 16 weeks. Morphometry of histologic sections showed
      marked differences in the percentage of luminal surface covered by dysplastic
      neoplastic epithelium (i.e., 7.5% in the tracheas exposed to the fastest
      releasing pellets and 46.3% in the tracheas exposed to the slowest releasing
      pellets). An inverse linear correlation was found between the cumulative amount
      of DMBA relased from the different pellet matrices of 2 weeks and the incidence
      of dysplastic plus neoplastic lesions of tracheal epithelium at 16 weeks. The
      results indicate that lower doses of carcinogen delivered slowly are more
      effective in producing dysplastic plus neoplastic lesions than hgher doses
      delivered rapidly.

PMID- 6813553
TI  - Induction of mammary tumors in virgin female BALB/c mice by single low doses of
      7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - The induction of mammary tumors in virgin female inbred BALB/c mice after
      administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) over a wide range of
      doses was studied. Mice were exposed at 12 weeks of age to single or multiple
      doses of DMBA ranging from 0.0025 to 12.0 mg by gastric intubation and were
      checked regularly for mammary tumors. The experiment was terminated when the mice
      were 800 days of age. In the dose range of 0.0025--0.125 mg DMBA, the incidence
      of mammary tumors was dose-dependent. At higher doses, the mammary tumor
      incidence became less dose-dependent and was nearly independent of doses above
      the 0.25-mg level. Analysis of the data for the rate of appearance of mammary
      tumors with age of the animals and for the age at death of non-mammary tumor
      bearing animals indicated that in the low dose range induction of mammary tumors
      was the predominant effect of DMBA exposure, whereas at moderate to high doses
      the toxic and carcinogenic effects of DMBA on other tissues significantly
      influenced the final incidence of mammary tumors. Greater than 90% of the tumors
      that resulted from administration of low doses of DMBA were adenocarcinomas. In
      contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenoacanthomas were found in approximately equal
      proportions following administration of high doses of DMBA.

PMID- 6813554
TI  - [Use of nitrong in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6813555
TI  - [Pharmacologic evaluation of electrical processes in the myocardium].
AB  - The pharmacologist is interested both in the therapeutic effect of the drug and
      in its mode of action. This latter is mainly studied in the isolated heart "in
      vitro". However, in vitro experiments are not satisfactory to predict
      antiarrhythmic activity "in vivo", because: 1) they are mostly performed in
      preparations made from the normal myocardium; 2) "in vitro" the autonomic and
      hormonal effects are absent; 3) some drugs as nitroglycerin or strophanthin do
      not produce antiarrhythmic electrophysiological changes in "vitro" but under
      appropriate conditions they may have a clear-cut antiarrhythmic action "in vivo";
      4) arrhythmias mostly arise from the interaction of changes in several
      fundamental electrophysiological parameters which could be best studied "in
      vivo". These facts are demonstrated by the example of the pathomechanism and
      pharmacotherapy of early postinfarction arrhythmias. In spite of these
      shortcomings, there is, however, some promising development in this field: 1)
      progress in the "in vivo" recording of electric events in the heart (multiple KC1
      suction electrodes "in vivo" recording of Purkinje activity); 2) prolonged drug
      treatment can evoke electrophysiological changes "in vitro" characteristic of the
      action of the drug "in vivo"; 3) in the donor perfused isolated heart-preparation
      the drug administered to the donor animal will evoke responses in concentrations
      producing the "in vivo" effect, and the possibility of drug metabolization and
      binding to plasma proteins is also given.

PMID- 6813556
TI  - The kidney of chicken adapts to chronic metabolic acidosis: in vivo and in vitro
      studies.
AB  - Renal adaptation to chronic metabolic acidosis was studies in Arbor Acre hens
      receiving ammonium chloride by stomach tube 0.75 g/kg/day during 6 days. During a
      14-day study, it was shown that the animals could excrete as much as 60% of the
      acid load during ammonium chloride administration. At the same time urate
      excretion fell markedly but the renal contribution to urate excretion (14%) did
      not change. During acidosis, blood glutamine increased twofold and the tissue
      concentration of glutamine rose in both liver and kidney. Infusion of L-glutamine
      led to increased ammonia excretion and more so in acidotic animals. Glutaminase
      I, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase (GPT), and malic enzyme
      activities increased in the kidney during acidosis but phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity did not change. Glutaminase I was not found in the
      liver, but hepatic glutamine synthetase rose markedly during acidosis. Glutamine
      synthetase was not found in the kidney. Renal tubules incubated with glutamine
      and alanine were ammoniagenic and gluconeogenic to the same degree as rat tubules
      with the same increments in acidosis. Lactate was gluconeogenic without increment
      during acidosis. The present study indicates that the avian kidney adapts to
      chronic metabolic acidosis with similarities and differences when compared to dog
      and rat. Glutamine originating from the liver appears to be the major
      ammoniagenic substrate. Our data also support the hypothesis that hepatic urate
      synthesis is decreased during acidosis.

PMID- 6813557
TI  - Studies of the sensing mechanism in the tubuloglomerular feedback pathway.
AB  - Two aspects of the single nephron feedback response previously observed by us
      have been reexamined. The first, the effect of modifying the composition of fluid
      used to perfuse the loop of Henle of a single nephron, was studied in rats by
      comparing flow-induced changes in stop-flow pressure (PSF) with three different
      perfusion solutions: artificial tubule fluid (ATF); 0.3 M mannitol (M); and
      mannitol plus 25 to 30 mM sodium chloride (M + E). The second, triggering of the
      feedback response by injection of ionic current into the distal tubule, was
      studied in similarly prepared rats by monitoring PSF while passing current.
      Increasing the rate of loop of Henle perfusion with either ATF or M + E resulted
      in similar decreases in PSF. In contrast, with M, changes in PSF were usually
      transient and if persistent were smaller than the changes observed with the other
      two solutions. When loops of Henle were perfused with ATF at a constant rate,
      injection of current into the early distal tubule making the lumen more negative
      resulted in decreases in PSF. Currents of opposite polarity caused no change in
      PSF if loop flow rate was low; these currents increased PSF if the loop flow
      rates had previously been high. Current-induced feedback responses were obtained
      with micropipette electrodes filled with either potassium chloride or lithium
      acetate. Addition of 10(-4) M furosemide blocked the current-induced feedback
      responses.

PMID- 6813558
TI  - Luminal and cellular mechanisms for the mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback
      responses.
AB  - The results of our studies indicate that feedback-mediated changes in SFP are
      most likely the result of receptor cell detection of luminal fluid solute
      concentration. No specificity for any particular ion in mediating feedback
      responses could be identified. The detection of luminal fluid solute
      concentration may involve an intracellular cytoplasmic calcium system. The
      existence of a receptor cell intracellular calcium messenger system could serve
      as the link between changes in distal tubular fluid concentration and the
      alteration in glomerular vascular resistance.

PMID- 6813561
TI  - [Oculo-cerebral dysplasia: aplasia of the optic nerve with familial
      microphthalmos and cryptophthalmus. Clinical and computer tomography study].
AB  - The authors report on two siblings with severe malformations of the eyes. The 16
      year-old girl has bilateral microphthalmus with aplasia of the right optic nerve
      and a Dandy-Walker cyst of the cerebellum. The right eye has no optic disk or
      retinal vessels. Her 13-year-old brother has unilateral aplasia of the optic
      nerve with cryptophthalmus and contralateral microphthalmus. In a computer
      tomography examination no optic nerve could be demonstrated on the left. The
      presence of an oculocerebral dysplasia in a brother and sister with healthy
      parents suggest an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance of the aplasia of the
      optic nerve with microphthalmus and/or cryptophthalmus.

PMID- 6813559
TI  - Interactions between Cd and Zn uptaken into Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6813560
TI  - [Diverticula of the stomach].

PMID- 6813562
TI  - [Endophthalmitis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis].
AB  - A 60-year-old woman developed an anterior uveitis of unknown etiology in her
      right eye. Topical treatment was corticosteroids led to a regression of the
      inflammation, but three months later a severe relapse occurred, followed by
      endophthalmitis and blindness. At this time a previously unknown pulmonary
      tuberculosis was diagnosed. In histologic sections of the enucleated eye numerous
      acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations
      are discussed.

PMID- 6813563
TI  - Disorders of renal tubular function in Finnish children.

PMID- 6813564
TI  - Mineral metabolism during prolonged oral calcium substitution after jejuno-ileal
      bypass for morbid obesity.
AB  - The influence of jejuno-ileal bypass surgery on mineral metabolism was studied in
      patients with morbid obesity before operation, and 2 and 5 years after-wards.
      When calcium and potassium were orally substituted post-operatively, in serum
      calcium fractions, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, potassium and the bone mineral
      content remained unchanged, while serum magnesium decreased. Serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D was already low before bypass operation, and did not change
      thereafter. Post-operatively, the urinary excretion of oxalate rose into the
      upper normal range, while that of calcium, magnesium and citrate was markedly
      reduced. The urinary activity product of calcium oxalate rose slightly, but that
      of brushite decreased. Since these changes were manifest in the urine of all
      patients, the reasons for the post-operative formation of renal stones in 4 of 19
      patients remain unclear at the moment. We conclude that the recommendation for
      precise oral calcium substitution after jejuno-ileal bypass operation seems
      justified in order to avoid serious disturbances of calcium metabolism in the
      long term, and to reduce intestinal oxalate absorption.

PMID- 6813565
TI  - Cardiovascular and respiratory mechanisms in anaphylactic and anaphylactoid shock
      reactions.

PMID- 6813566
TI  - [Perinatal development from the viewpoint of the gynecologist].

PMID- 6813567
TI  - [Worry about the mothers].

PMID- 6813568
TI  - [Current aspects in pediatric nursing education: from mother substitute to parent
      counselor].

PMID- 6813569
TI  - [Behavior changes in young children in connection with a hospitalization.
      Overview of a Lower Saxony pilot study].

PMID- 6813570
TI  - [Children should feel themselves understood in the hospital too].

PMID- 6813571
TI  - [3 years of prevention-initiative of the action problem child].

PMID- 6813572
TI  - [Bases for the organization and arrangement of recovery rooms in hospitals].

PMID- 6813573
TI  - [Different standards in district and hospital nursing. Experiences and viewpoints
      of the nurse after the change from hospital to district nursing].

PMID- 6813574
TI  - [The child-centered hospital].

PMID- 6813575
TI  - [Life with a mentally handicapped child. Observations of a father].

PMID- 6813576
TI  - [Children with cerebral palsy].

PMID- 6813577
TI  - [Current childhood diseases].

PMID- 6813578
TI  - [Professional group related problem shift in the nursing service].

PMID- 6813579
TI  - [Model nursing unit: working with the nursing process].

PMID- 6813581
TI  - [The older person in the hospital].

PMID- 6813580
TI  - [Legal aspects of medical treatment with special reference to medical auxiliary
      personnel].

PMID- 6813583
TI  - [Patient leave of absence: a contribution to the rehabilitation of patients in
      psychiatric institutions].

PMID- 6813582
TI  - [The evaluation form and the evaluation of nursing students as exemplified in the
      operating room area].

PMID- 6813584
TI  - [Conducting nursing rounds: a task of nursing service management].

PMID- 6813585
TI  - [A glance at a nursing assistant school (education). The historical road to self
      understanding in nursing care assistance].

PMID- 6813586
TI  - [Legislation for the integration of the health care system].

PMID- 6813587
TI  - [The Federal Social Assistance legislation].

PMID- 6813588
TI  - [Primary health care as a community task].

PMID- 6813589
TI  - [Health for all by the year 2000 - also for the Third World].

PMID- 6813590
TI  - [Poverty causes illness, illness causes poverty].

PMID- 6813591
TI  - [Health education - attempt at a definition].

PMID- 6813592
TI  - [Mental hygiene and health education in the hospital].

PMID- 6813593
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of health education in the care of Oriental
      hospital applicants immigrating to Germany].

PMID- 6813594
TI  - [Position of the German Nurses' Association on the regulation for minimum
      personnel requirements for nursing homes].

PMID- 6813595
TI  - [Evaluation/observation form for practice entry].

PMID- 6813596
TI  - [Evaluation - condemnation?].

PMID- 6813597
TI  - [1st meeting of the German Society for Catastrophic Medicine in Munich].

PMID- 6813598
TI  - [Public statement on the political economic importance of hospitals].

PMID- 6813599
TI  - Estrogen synthetase. Demonstration that the high molecular weight form of NADPH
      cytochrome C reductase from human placental microsomes is required for androgen
      aromatization.

PMID- 6813600
TI  - Hexamethylmelamine and melphalan as salvage therapy in advanced ovarian
      carcinoma.
AB  - Ten patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with hexamethylmelamine
      and melphalan after failing first-line combination chemotherapy. In eight
      patients residual disease was evident only at second-look laparotomy. Surgical
      debulking was accomplished in four patients but only two patients had residual
      disease of less than 2 cm. Two of these four patients are alive without evidence
      of disease to 20 and 24 months. The remaining patients have expired (median
      survival 6 months). The combination of hexamethylmelamine and melphalan after
      surgical debulking at second-look operation may improve the salvage of patients
      with advanced ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 6813601
TI  - The relation between Krogh and compartmental transport models.

PMID- 6813602
TI  - A geometric model for the cortical folding pattern of simple folded brains.

PMID- 6813603
TI  - [In search of humane nursing: nursing of a child hospitalized for an extended
      period].

PMID- 6813604
TI  - Improving compliance among hypertensives: a triage criterion with cost-benefit
      implications.
AB  - Triage method based upon individual patient characteristics is developed to
      determine the most effective health education interventions for hypertensive
      patients. The sample included 402 patients randomly assigned to experimental and
      control groups. The efficacy of a triage process, whereby patients are subdivided
      into groups that are more predisposed to benefit from a given health education
      approach, is discussed. From a limited cost-benefit evaluation, it appears that
      the benefits of the triage method for achieving medication compliance clearly
      outweigh its costs only in the case of the highly depressed patients (24 per cent
      of the sample). Different levels of depression were found to be differentially
      responsive to different health education treatments for achieving adherence to
      medication. The most depressed patients were more responsive to family member
      reinforcement, a 156 per cent increase in the number of high compliers as
      compared to no intervention.

PMID- 6813605
TI  - Quality, cost, and health: an integrative model.
AB  - This article presents an integrative model of the relations among health status,
      quality of care, and resource expenditure. It defines medical care quality in
      terms of outcomes, measured as the expected improvements in health status
      attributable to care. The consideration of how quality so defined is affected by
      the unconstrained, efficient use of resources for care leads to the specification
      of the absolutist definition of quality. Consideration of the incidence of
      individual and external costs and benefits of care provides the basis for
      distinguishing further between the individualized definition of quality, which
      depends upon individual preferences and ability to pay, and the social definition
      of quality, which includes consideration of external benefits, full social
      definition of quality, which includes consideration of external benefits, full
      social costs, and preferences for the distribution of welfare. An additional
      distinction is made between clinical efficiency and production efficiency. This
      article examines in detail the implications, for the selection of optimal
      strategies of care, of the three definitions of quality (absolutist,
      individualized, and social) and the two types of efficiency (clinical and
      production).

PMID- 6813606
TI  - Physician practice profiles for CME: four investigations into sampling methods.
AB  - Sampling physicians' patient contacts to produce a practice profile forms the
      basis of three present individualized CME programs. The practical and statistical
      adequacy of these sampling procedures was examined and found to be seriously
      lacking. Samples were compared to a 6-month continuously coded data base on 16
      family physicians. Following analysis of the 6-month data base for significant
      sources of variance, two new sampling procedures were proposed and tested against
      a 12-month continuously coded data base. Results indicate both practical
      acceptability and adequate representation by these two sampling procedures.

PMID- 6813607
TI  - [Attitude of long-term care personnel to diapers as an alternative to indwelling
      catheters].

PMID- 6813608
TI  - [Nitrocompounds in heart diseases - some forgotten forms of application].

PMID- 6813609
TI  - [Angina pectoris and nitroglycerin treatment].

PMID- 6813610
TI  - [Sandwich irradiation of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil, the
      base of the tongue and the hypopharynx].
AB  - Taking into account the death rate of all other causes for that age group and
      comparing the survival time and the recurrence rate in patients with preoperative
      short-time irradiation with telecobalt 60 and a focal dose of 20 Gy with a second
      group of patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy, we were unable to
      detect any advantage of the so-called "sandwich therapy" in cancer of the
      tonsils, the base of the tongue or the hypopharynx. On the contrary: patients
      with "sandwich therapy" had to be hospitalized longer because of the interval
      between preoperative radiotherapy and surgery and because of the delay in
      restoring postoperative speech and deglutition.

PMID- 6813611
TI  - [Hypercaloric nutrition of patients with cancers of the head and neck region].
AB  - Patients with head and neck cancer and nutritional problems were treated by
      hypercaloric nutrition as supportive measure alongside surgery, radiotherapy, and
      chemotherapy. Improved healing of wounds after surgery and better tolerance of
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy proved the success of this measure. Enteral
      nutrition via naso-gastric tube was preferred to parenteral nutrition offering
      the possibility to continue nutrition on an outpatient basis. The amount of
      calorie intake depends primarily on patient compliance. Hypercaloric nutrition
      exercises a highly positive influence on basic cancer therapy of head and neck
      tumours.

PMID- 6813612
TI  - Infectious facial and nasal cutaneous necrosis: evaluation and diagnosis.
AB  - A review of the literature reveals that pyogenic gangrenosum (ecthyma
      gangrenosum) is fatal to most patients, especially infants. In this article, the
      authors review the differential diagnosis of facial necrosis, present two cases
      of infants who succumbed to the systemic manifestations of the disorder, and a
      third case of survival in an adult with concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus
      and pyogenic gangrenosum. Finally, a brief discussion of Pseudomonas
      gastroenteritis, Pseudomonas septicemia, and pseudomembranous enterocolitis is
      presented.

PMID- 6813613
TI  - Argon laser use in papillomas of the larynx.
AB  - Papillomas of the larynx are discussed, including the use of lasers. Argon
      lasers' differences from CO2 lasers and techniques are outlined. Case reports are
      given in which laryngeal papillomas were removed from two patients with the argon
      laser and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM), and stereoscanning electron microscopy (SSEM). The depth and
      width of morphological change are noted. Peripheral to the laser impact site,
      four zones were observed: 1. coagulation necrosis, 2. contracted epithelial
      cells, 3. minimally damaged epithelial cells, and 4. morphologically undamaged
      epithelial cells. In Zone 2, cells were violently popped-off as heat was
      conducted through the epithelium. The potential for spread of papillomas was
      discussed and suction of the vapor plume recommended when removing laryngeal
      papillomas with the argon laser.

PMID- 6813614
TI  - Effects of benzodiazepines on single unit activity in the substantia nigra pars
      reticulata.
AB  - Intravenous administration of two benzodiazepines, flurazepam and diazepam, had
      an inhibitory effect on the firing rates of neurons of the substantia nigra pars
      reticulata, a brain region with an identified GABAergic innervation. Diazepam was
      more potent than flurazepam. Bicuculline and picrotoxin, two drugs which block
      GABAergic transmission, and caffeine and theophylline, two methylxanthines which
      inhibit benzodiazepine binding, all reversed the inhibition produced by diazepam.
      The action of theophylline was less consistent than that of caffeine. Similarly,
      Ro 15-1788, an imidazodiazepine which putatively functions as a specific
      benzodiazepine antagonist, reversed the diazepam-induced inhibition. These
      findings are consistent with previous reports which suggest that the
      benzodiazepines may act through a GABAergic mechanism. In a separate group of
      experiments, caffeine or Ro 15-1788 was administered alone. While caffeine
      excited all reticulata, generally had little excitatory effect. These results
      suggest: 1) that cells of the substantia nigra pars reticulata may not receive a
      substantial, tonic inhibition mediated by an endogenous benzodiazepine-like
      substance; and 2) that the methylxanthines may increase reticulata cell firing,
      at least in part, through mechanisms unrelated to the blockade of benzodiazepine
      receptors.

PMID- 6813615
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of rat brain enkephalinase.
AB  - Rat brain enkephalinase has been partially purified by ion exchange
      chromatography, chromatofocusing, and affinity chromatography on immobilized
      lectins. Ion exchange chromatography resolved two principle forms of
      enkephalinase designated A1 and A2. Both enkephalinase A1 and A2 are bound to
      immobilized lentil lectin while chromatography on immobilized wheat germ lectin
      resolved each of the principle forms into two subforms, A1, 1, A1, 2, A2, 1, and
      A2, 2. All four enkephalinase forms have similar, if not identical kinetic
      properties. The possible implications of multiple molecular forms of
      enkephalinases are discussed.

PMID- 6813616
TI  - The effect of a benzodiazepine antagonist, RO15-1788, in diazepam dependent rats.
AB  - A benzodiazepine antagonist, RO15-1788, was administered intragastrically to
      diazepam-dependent gastric fistula rats and a precipitated abstinence syndrome
      was observed. The intensity of the RO15-1788 precipitated abstinence syndrome,
      calculated by the Precipitated Abstinence Scale, increased in intensity in a log
      dose manner over a dose range of 1.0 to 15.0 mg/kg of RO15-1788 and plateaued at
      the 15.0 mg/kg dose. The RO15-1788 precipitated diazepam abstinence syndrome
      differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the diazepam withdrawal
      syndrome.

PMID- 6813617
TI  - Glutathione, lipid peroxidation and regulation of cytochrome P-450 activity.
AB  - Depletion of hepatic glutathione leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation and
      depression of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed metabolism of the azo dye carcinogen,
      N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene. This contributes to the marked decrease in
      biliary excretion of N-demethylated metabolites of the dye. Parallel time courses
      are seen for decreased hepatic glutathione, enhanced lipid peroxidation and
      depressed excretion of dye metabolites. In vitro metabolism of DAB by hepatic
      10,000 g supernatant fractions is depressed by iron only after glutathione
      depletion. In view of the iron requirement for microsomal lipid peroxidation, it
      is proposed that glutathione depletion leads to an increase in the intracellular
      iron available for activation of lipid peroxidation. In this way, glutathione may
      contribute to the regulation of cytochrome P-450 activity.

PMID- 6813618
TI  - Regionalization of perinatal care: a cooperative community program.

PMID- 6813619
TI  - Determining the role of nursing. MCN keys to research.

PMID- 6813620
TI  - Medication and nursing accountability. MCN pharmacopoeia.

PMID- 6813621
TI  - A hand ventilation technique for neonates.

PMID- 6813622
TI  - Informational correlates of successful breast-feeding.

PMID- 6813623
TI  - Another need/another challenge. A practitioner comments on research findings.

PMID- 6813624
TI  - Controlling the home environment of the allergic child.

PMID- 6813625
TI  - The cervical cap: a barrier contraceptive.

PMID- 6813626
TI  - Diagnosing and dealing with neurofibromatosis in children.

PMID- 6813627
TI  - Oral health during pregnancy: a neglected nursing area.

PMID- 6813628
TI  - Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn: the role of the laboratory.

PMID- 6813629
TI  - [Biochemical foundations of nutrition].

PMID- 6813630
TI  - [Enteral feeding].

PMID- 6813631
TI  - [Parenteral feeding with special reference to amino acid metabolism].

PMID- 6813632
TI  - [Postoperative parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6813633
TI  - [Fat emulsions in parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6813634
TI  - [Treatment of Paget's disease with the combined administration of calcitonin and
      disodium etidronate].

PMID- 6813635
TI  - [Trypanosomiasis in New World monkeys].

PMID- 6813636
TI  - Dopaminergic mechanisms regulating prolactin secretion in patients with prolactin
      secreting pituitary adenoma. Long-term studies after selective transsphenoidal
      surgery.
AB  - Twenty-seven female patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenoma,
      were studied at different intervals following selective transsphenoidal removal
      of the tumor. Postoperatively, all patients had normal prolactin (PRL) levels and
      regular menstrual cycles were restored. Sixteen of 27 patients showed positive
      responses to TRH and metoclopramide (MCP) within 1 mo after surgery. On the
      contrary, 9 patients showed evaluation of these patients demonstrated that normal
      neuroendocrine relationships were restored after several months since positive
      PRL responses to TRH and MCP could be elicited in such patients. The remaining 2
      patients who showed basal PRL levels in the upper range of normal, exhibited
      negative responses to TRH and MCP. These patients had progressively to TRH and
      MCP exhibited 10-20 mo after surgery a normal decrease in PRL levels following
      administration of carbidopa plus L-Dopa. Negative responses to carbidopa plus L
      Dopa were instead obtained in 6 postoperative patients with elevated PRL levels
      and negative responses to TRH and MCP. These results suggest that: 1)
      Hyperprolactinemia induced by "autonomous" pituitary adenomas  increases
      hypothaLamic dopamine (DA) secretion, which in turn inhibits PRL secretion by
      nonadenomatous lactotropes. 2) Total selective removal of the microadenoma
      acutely decreases PRL concentration, but a functional inhibition of the normal
      lactotrope can persist for a period of few months following surgery in a certain
      number of patients. 3) Prolonged reduction of PRL concentration is accompanied to
      a normal DA tone with reestablishment of normal neuroendocrine relationships.

PMID- 6813638
TI  - Characteristics of rabbit anti-PGH synthase antibodies and use in
      immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 6813637
TI  - Reduction in high density lipoproteins by anabolic steroid (stanozolol) therapy
      for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - The effects of stanozolol, 17-methyl-2H-5 alpha-androst-2-eno [3,2-c] pyrazol-17
      beta-ol, on lipoprotein levels were assessed in a short-term (6 wk) prospective
      study of 10 normolipidemic, postmenopausal, osteoporotic women. While total
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained constant, equal and offsetting
      responses were seen in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (+30.9 +/- 28.1
      mg/dl [mean +/- S.D.], p less than 0.01, a 21% increase) and high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol  (-32.5 +/- 11.9 mg/dl [mean +/- S.D.], p less than
      0.001, a 53% decline). Hence the LDL/HDL ratio increased dramatically, from 2.5
      +/- 0.7 to 6.8 +/- 2.5. Within HDL, stanozolol was associated with a greater
      decline in HDL2 (from 26.0 +/- 7.4 mg/dl to 3.8 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, p less than 0.001,
      an 85% decrease) than HDL3 (which diminished from 35.7 +/- 3.2 to 24.1 +/- 5.8
      mg/dl. p less than 0.001, a 35% decrease). The major HLD apolipoproteins also
      declined (A-I by a mean of 41% and A-II by 24%, both p less than 0.001).
      Postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase increased (off treatment 74 +/- 42 nmole
      free fatty acid min-1 mole-1, on treatment 242 +/- 110, n = 6, p = 0.06). All
      changes were reversed by 5 wk following termination of the drug. These
      lipoprotein changes suggest caution in the long term prescription of stanozolol,
      particularly in those without overriding clinical indications for its use.

PMID- 6813639
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for PGH synthase.

PMID- 6813640
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against PGH synthase: an immunoradiometric assay for
      quantitating the enzyme.

PMID- 6813641
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of PGF2 alpha.

PMID- 6813642
TI  - The 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene forming enzymes.

PMID- 6813644
TI  - Arachidonic acid-15-lipoxygenase from rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.

PMID- 6813643
TI  - Preparation of [acetyl-3H]aspirin and use in quantitating PGH synthase.

PMID- 6813645
TI  - Arachidonic acid-12-lipoxygenase from bovine platelets.

PMID- 6813646
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatography of underivatized fatty acids, hydroxy acids,
      and prostanoids having different chain lengths and double-bond positions.

PMID- 6813647
TI  - Purification and assay of PGH synthase from bovine seminal vesicles.

PMID- 6813648
TI  - Purification of PGH synthase from sheep vesicular glands.

PMID- 6813649
TI  - Open tubular glass capillary gas chromatography for separating eicosanoids.

PMID- 6813650
TI  - Platelet aggregation and the influence of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6813651
TI  - Preparation of PGH synthase apoenzyme from the holoenzyme.

PMID- 6813653
TI  - Hemolytic activity of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola cultured in protein
      free medium.
AB  - Hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant of Leptospira interrogans serovar
      canicola strain Moulton grown in protein-free medium was demonstrated. The
      activity began to appear in the late logarithmic phase of growth of the organism
      and reached a plateau after 2 weeks of cultivation. It was inactivated by the
      addition of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was effectively restored
      by Mg2+. Hemolysis by the culture supernatant was stimulated by "hot-cold"
      incubation. Sleep erythrocytes treated with the culture supernatant of the
      organism were transformed into spherocytes, in which invagination was observed. A
      hemolysis inhibitor in rabbit serum was found to be in the chloroform-methanol
      soluble fraction of the serum. The hemolysin of Leptospira may be phospholipase
      C.

PMID- 6813652
TI  - Assay of prostacyclin synthase using [5,6-3H]PGH2.

PMID- 6813654
TI  - [Detection of plasmid DNA in different strains of Streptomyces griseus].

PMID- 6813655
TI  - [Fundamental properties of the BK-Kharkov" vaccinal strain of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6813657
TI  - [Diagnostic value of differential media for identifying Mycobacterium bovis].

PMID- 6813656
TI  - [Effect of the peroral administration of Bacillus bacteria on the phagocytic
      activity of rabbit blood leukocytes].

PMID- 6813658
TI  - [Physicochemical properties of the elastolytic enzyme complex of Bacillus
      subtilis].

PMID- 6813659
TI  - Population & social indicators of food and nutrition in Peninsular Malaysia.

PMID- 6813660
TI  - Meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes.

PMID- 6813661
TI  - Pseudomonas and other organisms in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6813662
TI  - Chloroxylenol and EDTA kill P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6813663
TI  - Phenytoin elimination after intoxication during long-term treatment.
AB  - Because of the saturable nature of phenytoin metabolism, intoxication due to
      overdosage with this drug occurs relatively frequently. The present paper reports
      on a systematic study of phenytoin elimination in six patients with clinical
      signs of overdosage and with initial serum phenytoin levels well above the normal
      therapeutic range (40 mumol/L to 80 mumol/L). On the basis of data obtained, it
      is recommended that, when a patient presents with symptoms of phenytoin
      intoxiation, an initial serum phenytoin level should be determined. If this
      exceeds 130 mumol/L, the drug should be withdrawn for a period of 72 to 84 hours,
      then the administration should be recommenced at a lower dose.

PMID- 6813665
TI  - [The Aicardi syndrome. Description of a case with associated scurvy].

PMID- 6813666
TI  - Measles-United States, first 26 weeks, 1982.

PMID- 6813667
TI  - Congenital syphilis among newborns - Texas, 1981.

PMID- 6813668
TI  - Intestinal perforation caused by larval Eustrongylides - Maryland.

PMID- 6813669
TI  - Silo-Filler's disease in rural New York.

PMID- 6813670
TI  - Ciguatera fish poisoning - Bahamas, Miami.

PMID- 6813671
TI  - Oral contraceptives and cancer risk.

PMID- 6813672
TI  - Rubella in universities-Washington, California.

PMID- 6813664
TI  - Comparative biochemistry of the proteinases of eucaryotic microorganisms.

PMID- 6813673
TI  - Serologic diagnosis of measles.

PMID- 6813674
TI  - Acute bacterial conjunctivitis--southeastern Georgia, 1981.

PMID- 6813675
TI  - Metabolism of N-alkyl compounds during the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. N
      Dealkylation during prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - The microsomal fraction of ram seminal vesicles (RSV), when fortified with
      arachidonic acid, catalyzed the dealkylation of various N-methyl compounds. These
      included an analogous series of monomethyl- and dimethyl-substituted anilines as
      well as the drugs aminopyrine and benzphetamine. In contrast, S-alkyl and O-alkyl
      compounds were poor substrates for dealkylation by RSV microsomes fortified with
      fatty acid. RSV microsomal N-dealkylation was completely dependent on enzyme and
      arachidonic acid and could be inhibited by the prostaglandin synthetase
      inhibitors indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and flufenamic acid as well as by
      anaerobic conditions. Butylated hydroxyanisole also inhibited the reaction,
      whereas SKF-525A and metyrapone, which are inhibitors of cytochrome P-450
      dependent N-dealkylation, did not. In addition to arachidonic acid, N
      dealkylation was elicited by 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid, tert-butyl
      hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide; these latter reactions were not inhibited
      by either prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors or anaerobic conditions but did
      require the presence of microsomal protein. The time course of RSV N
      dealkylation, which paralleled O2 consumption by this tissue (an indicator of
      prostaglandin biosynthesis) implied arachidonic acid-dependent irreversible self
      inactivation of catalytic activity. Apparently, oxidizing agents are formed
      during the interaction of hydroperoxide intermediates of prostaglandin
      biosynthesis with prostaglandin synthetase, with the oxidizing agents then
      causing both substrate N-dealkylation and destruction of the enzyme. The
      metabolism of N-alkyl compounds during the biosynthesis of prostaglandins may
      provide an additional xenobiotic oxidation pathway to cytochrome P-450-dependent
      monooxygenases.

PMID- 6813676
TI  - Biochemical interactions between N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate and 5
      fluorouracil.

PMID- 6813677
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit liver cytochrome P-450LM2 and cytochrome P
      450LM4.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from hybridoma clones isolated by the fusion
      of myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from mice immunized with either
      purified rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450LM2 or cytochrome P-450LM4.
      Seven hybridoma clones produced three kinds of monoclonal antibodies to P-450LM2.
      The first class bound, precipitated, and inhibited the enzyme activity of P
      450LM2 for both benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation.
      The other two classes either bound and precipitated or only bound the enzyme.
      These monoclonal antibodies to P-450LM2 showed a precipitin reaction and
      inhibition of enzyme activity that was specific for cytochrome P-450LM2. Thus,
      they did not react with or inhibit the enzyme activity of the other isozyme
      cytochrome P-450LM4, Fraction 1 or Fraction 7. All of the monoclonal antibodies
      formed against P-450LM2 were mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass IgG1. The most
      effective monoclonal antibody strongly inhibited the formation of oxygenated
      metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene at various positions as well as the deethylation of
      7-ethoxycoumarin. Four hybridomas were isolated which produced monoclonal
      antibodies to P-450LM4. One of the four was of the IgM class and three were of
      the IgG1 type. The four monoclonal antibodies bound to P-450LM4 but did not
      precipitate the enzyme, and did not bind to P-450LM2. The monoclonal antibody P
      450LM4 complexes interacted with protein A, and the enzyme activity for
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation could be removed by centrifugation. The high
      specificity and monoclonality of these antibodies suggest their potential
      usefulness for studying the genetics, regulation, and roles of the different
      isozymes of P-450LM in drug and carcinogen metabolism.

PMID- 6813679
TI  - Contribution of the H- and L-chains and of the binding site to the idiotypic
      specificities of mouse anti-GAT antibodies.
AB  - The contribution of the H- and L-chains to the structure of the main idiotype of
      anti-poly (Glu60-Ala30-Tyr10) (GAT) antibodies has been studied. This idiotype
      has been previously divided into four types of specificity: (1) the highly
      conserved idiotypic specificity (h.c. GAT) is expressed by anti-GAT antibodies
      from the guinea-pig, rat and mice; (2) the public specificity (p. GAT) is
      expressed in an identical form by all anti-GAT antibodies from all strains of
      mice tested and by all hybridoma products (HP) with anti-GAT activity; (3) the
      strain-restricted specificity (s.r. GAT-1) is only expressed by anti-GAT
      antibodies from strains with Ig-1a, Ig-1c and Ig-1c allotypic markers; and
      finally (4) the individual specificity i1-GAT defined on HP G5 is also expressed
      by most of the hybridoma protein with anti-poly (Glu50-Tyr50) (GT) activity. In
      this paper we show that h.c.GAT, p.GAT and i1-GAT require the interaction of H-
      and L-chains to be expressed: (1) isolated H- and L-chains from HP G5 did not
      express these specificities; and (2) recombinant molecules composed of H- and L
      chains from HP with anti-GAT activity and an irrelevant myeloma protein (MOPC21)
      never expressed h.c.GAT, p.GAT and i1-GAT. We next investigated the relationship
      between the GAT binding site and the p.GAT, h.c.GAT and s.r.GAT-1 idiotypic
      specificities. GAT and GT were not able to inhibit the binding to s.r.GAT-1 while
      they inhibit the idiotypic binding to p.GAT and h.c.GAT. A GAT fragment of mol.
      wt 3000 was also shown to inhibit the binding of p.GAT and h.c.GAT to the
      appropriate sera. Thus p.GAT and h.c.GAT are very close to the GAT combining site
      while s.r.GAT-1 represents an idiotypic specificity located outside the GAT
      binding site.

PMID- 6813680
TI  - Antibodies against glutaraldehyde-modified albumin in normal mouse sera.
AB  - An antigen-coated plate radioimmunoassay was used to detect antibodies against
      homologous glutaraldehyde-modified albumin (in monomeric or polymeric form) in
      normal mouse sera. Mouse antibodies reacted also with heterologous glutaraldehyde
      treated albumin; for instance human albumin. Immunoelectrophoresis of purified
      anti-albumin antibodies and adsorption experiments on protein A-Sepharose 4B gel
      indicated that mouse antibodies belong mainly to the IgG class. The ability of
      mouse anti-albumin antibodies to react also with pyridinium compounds suggested
      that such structures are probably part of the new antigenic determinants induced
      in mouse albumin by glutaraldehyde treatment. It was assumed that anti-albumin
      antibodies have a physiologic role in the recognition and removal from the
      circulation of in vivo 'aged' mouse albumin.

PMID- 6813678
TI  - Biosynthesis and structure of membrane and secretory immunoglobulins.
AB  - Almost all of the body's extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) is derived from Ig
      secreting plasma cells of lymphoid tissues. The secreted material is a
      heterogeneous mixture of different classes and specificities. Lymphoid tissues
      also contain a large number of essentially non-secretory cells--B lymphocytes-
      which bear Ig firmly associated with their plasma membranes. Ig molecules thus
      exist in two functionally different forms, as membrane-bound antigen receptors on
      the surface of B lymphocytes on the one hand, and as humoral secreted Ig
      antibodies on the other. On B cells, membrane-bound heavy chains have an apparent
      mol. wt. slightly larger than that of secreted heavy chains from plasma cells.
      Membrane-bound but not secreted heavy chains bind detergents, thus suggesting the
      presence of a hydrophobic region in membrane-bound heavy chains, which is absent
      in secreted heavy chains. Most investigations have dealt with immunoglobulin M.
      The two types of IgM heavy chains differ at their carboxy termini. Recent
      investigations at the nucleic acid level demonstrate that membrane-associated mu
      chains contain a 41-residue hydrophobic tail adjacent to the last constant
      domain, whereas secretory mu chains contain a 20-residue hydrophilic tail. At the
      present time, evidence is accumulating that all membrane-bound Ig heavy chain
      classes may contain similar hydrophobic structures necessary for anchorage of the
      molecules into the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 6813681
TI  - Gonadotropin producing pituitary adenomas. A case report and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6813682
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the spinal meninges in a case of neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6813683
TI  - [Low blood pressure--variation of the norm or disease?].

PMID- 6813684
TI  - [Occupational medical significance of vascular diseases].

PMID- 6813686
TI  - [Treatment of anal carcinoma. A combined surgical and radiological plan].

PMID- 6813685
TI  - [Postoperative care of neoplasms from the perspective of a practicing physician].

PMID- 6813687
TI  - [Trace elements. Clinical significance according to current status of knowledge.
      2. Cadmium, selenium, manganese, beryllium, nickel, chromium, vanadium, silicon,
      mercury, rubidium, platinum, lithium].

PMID- 6813688
TI  - [Viloxazine. Aspects of the therapeutic effect of the antidepressive agent
      viloxazine (Vivalan ICI) in the opinion of practicing neurologists].

PMID- 6813689
TI  - [Treatment of severe activated arthrosis with Benoxaprofen].

PMID- 6813690
TI  - [Praziquantel in parasitic diseases].

PMID- 6813691
TI  - [Thromboangiitis obliterans].

PMID- 6813692
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Filariasis].

PMID- 6813693
TI  - [Drug "exposure"].

PMID- 6813694
TI  - [Ventricular cardiac arrhythmias--a prognostically and therapeutically unsolved
      problem?].

PMID- 6813695
TI  - [Amiodarone in ventricular tachycardias].

PMID- 6813697
TI  - [Chemico-toxicologic studies in suspected poisonings].

PMID- 6813696
TI  - [Acute rhinitis and pharyngitis caused by fly larvae].

PMID- 6813698
TI  - [Long-term study with lonazolac-Ca in activated arthrosis and chronic
      polyarthritis].

PMID- 6813699
TI  - [Ergotism].

PMID- 6813700
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Splenomegaly--infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 6813701
TI  - [Lyell syndrome: scalded skin syndrome].

PMID- 6813702
TI  - [Benoxaprofen and its potential for unwanted effects].

PMID- 6813703
TI  - [Safety and risk in the drug field: fiction and reality].

PMID- 6813704
TI  - [Prevalence, awareness and degree of treatment of hypertension in an urban
      population. Results of the Munich Blood Pressure Study I].

PMID- 6813705
TI  - [Prevalence of high blood pressure in a rural area. Results of the Traunstein
      Blood Pressure Study].

PMID- 6813706
TI  - [Fatal drug-induced Lyell syndrome in combined benoxaprofen-aurothioglucose
      therapy].

PMID- 6813707
TI  - [125 years of the German Ophthalmological Society].

PMID- 6813708
TI  - [Diabetic changes in the eye and their treatment].

PMID- 6813709
TI  - [Ergoophthalmology].

PMID- 6813710
TI  - [Corneal surgery to change power of refraction?].

PMID- 6813711
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities in congenital and acquired strabismus].

PMID- 6813712
TI  - [Age-related diseases of the eye].

PMID- 6813713
TI  - [Correction of aphakia using intraocular lenses].

PMID- 6813714
TI  - [Microsurgery of the eye].

PMID- 6813715
TI  - [Acute chemical burns of the eye and their treatment].

PMID- 6813716
TI  - [Therapy of arterial vascular occlusion of the retina].

PMID- 6813717
TI  - [The pathways of research in the field of optic perception. Scientificohistorical
      retrospective].

PMID- 6813718
TI  - [Monckeberg's sclerosis of the media].

PMID- 6813719
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Cardiac liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6813720
TI  - [Hodgkin disease].

PMID- 6813721
TI  - [Diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6813722
TI  - [Staging laparotomy in Hodgkin disease].

PMID- 6813724
TI  - [Chemotherapy of Hodgkin disease].

PMID- 6813723
TI  - [Radiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6813726
TI  - [Ethics commissions--a summing up].

PMID- 6813725
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients].

PMID- 6813727
TI  - [The endocrine emergency].

PMID- 6813729
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Constrictive pericarditis].

PMID- 6813728
TI  - [The "endurance runner" syndrome].

PMID- 6813730
TI  - Preferential modification of the inverted repeat DNA of tetrahymena by N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - DNA was prepared from Tetrahymena pyriformis, that was cultured for 2 h in medium
      containing chemical carcinogens. After denaturation of DNA in alkaline solution,
      DNA was quickly renatured below 10(-3) Cot and the double-strand DNA (the
      inverted repeat DNA) was separated from the single-strand DNA on a column of
      hydroxyapatite. N-Methyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and methyl methanesulfonate
      preferentially bound in vivo to the inverted repeat DNA rather than other DNA
      components which were recovered as single-strand DNA.

PMID- 6813731
TI  - Benign monoclonal gammopathy and relapsing polymyositis.

PMID- 6813733
TI  - Epidemic meningococcal disease in an elementary-school classroom.

PMID- 6813732
TI  - Induction of puberty in men by long-term pulsatile administration of low-dose
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - Puberty is heralded by the appearance of episodic gonadotropin secretion. Men
      with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have an abnormality in gonadotropin
      release and do not undergo normal puberty. Since idiopathic hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism is thought to represent a disorder of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone
      (GnRH) secretion, we used long-term low-dose subcutaneous GnRH, administered in
      an episodic fashion by a portable infusion pump, in an effort to establish a
      normal adult pattern of gonadotropin secretion in six men. All subjects noted
      spontaneous erections, nocturnal emissions, and breast tenderness, which were
      associated with elevations of serum testosterone levels (77 +/- 13 ng per
      deciliter [mean +/- S.E.] before therapy vs. 520 +/- 182 ng after one month of
      treatment; P less than 0.001). Gonadotropin levels rose to normal adult ranges
      within one week of therapy and to supraphysiologic levels by 14 days. Testis size
      increased in four patients, and spermatogenesis was achieved in three patients by
      43 weeks of therapy. These results suggest that long-term episodic GnRH
      administration can reverse idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

PMID- 6813734
TI  - Cost effectiveness of lead screening.

PMID- 6813735
TI  - Health policy report: the new era of prospective payment for hospitals.

PMID- 6813736
TI  - Reducing the incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis by testing
      donor blood for alanine aminotransferase: economic considerations.
AB  - Recent studies have established a relation between elevated alanine
      aminotransferase levels in donor blood and the incidence of non-A, non-B
      hepatitis in recipients of such blood. Routine testing of donor blood for alanine
      aminotransferase activity in order to reduce hepatitis is not currently
      supported, largely because the results of such testing are unknown. We assessed
      the potential economic benefits of screening donor blood for alanine
      aminotransferase as a means to reduce post-transfusion hepatitis. Benefits,
      defined as the expected costs of hepatitis potentially avoided, ranged from $898
      to $31,629 per 1000 blood units collected. This wide range reflected lack of
      information about the natural history of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Costs were
      defined as the direct costs of testing and the indirect costs associated with
      loss of blood product, additional donor recruitment, and informing donors of
      their abnormal aminotransferase levels; costs ranged from $3,151 to $4,003 per
      1000 units. Our results suggest that if prospective studies demonstrate that
      exclusion of blood with elevated aminotransferase levels decreases non-A, non-B
      hepatitis in recipients, the net economic impact may be positive. However,
      because of major uncertainties about the medical consequences of non-A, non-B
      hepatitis, the benefit estimates are so broad that they preclude a definitive
      policy decision.

PMID- 6813737
TI  - Synthetic amino acid formula and nitrogen use.

PMID- 6813738
TI  - Should the cost of insurance reflect the cost of use in local hospital markets?
AB  - Local hospital markets have been shown to vary extensively in per capita
      expenditures for hospital services and in the reimbursements paid per Medicare
      enrollee and per Blue Cross subscriber. Insurance premiums do not reflect these
      differences among local markets, resulting in intermarket subsidies (transfer
      payments) and distortion of competition between health-maintenance organizations
      and the fee-for-service system. Regulatory strategies to "cap" hospital costs
      have ignored these market variations and thus perpetuated the established pattern
      of expenditures and transfer payments. The plans for implementing a voucher
      system for the Medicare program set the value of the voucher according to average
      reimbursements at the county or state level. Since several markets can exist
      within one county's boundaries, the cash value established for the voucher in
      some low-cost markets will substantially exceed current per capita rates of
      reimbursement, permitting large profits and an increase in total costs to the
      Medicare program. If the price of health insurance were adjusted to correspond
      more closely to local market conditions, transfer payments would be reduced, and
      more effective regulation, competition, and consumer involvement might result.

PMID- 6813739
TI  - Deficient production of immune interferon in renal-transplant recipients.

PMID- 6813740
TI  - Unusually large plasma factor VIII:von Willebrand factor multimers in chronic
      relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 6813741
TI  - Moschcowitz revisited.

PMID- 6813742
TI  - Blastomycosis: report of the first case from Alberta Canada.
AB  - The first known case of laboratory confirmed blastomycosis in Alberta occurred in
      1970. The patient, who is believed never to have left Alberta, presented with of
      headaches, sore neck and impaired intellect. Initially, tuberculous or
      cryptococcal meningitis was suspected, but laboratory findings did not support
      the diagnosis. A fungus resembling Blastomyces dermatitidis was isolated from the
      venticular cerebrospinal fluid and lung at autopsy. A few yeast cells suggestive
      of B. dermatitidis were seen in lung and brain tissue sections. Initial attempts
      at in vitro conversion of the mycelial form of the isolate into yeast form on
      several enriched media were unsuccessful. The fungus gave +/- to ++ reactions B.
      dermatitidis specific conjugate by the direct fluorescent antibody technique, it
      was not pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs, and no asexual spores were produced
      in slide cultures. Further investigation indicated that the mycelial form of the
      fungus converted into its yeast form when an actively growing inoculum was used,
      although the yeast cells varied considerably in size. The yeast form produced
      disseminated infection in mice within 10 days. Exoantigenic analysis demonstrated
      an 'A' antigen specific for B. dermatitidis, which revealed the identity of this
      organism as an atypical strain of B. dermatitidis.

PMID- 6813743
TI  - Serology of Aspergillus granuloma.
AB  - A total of 21 cases of granuloma caused by Aspergillus species were encountered
      during the period 1972-79. The organs involved were nasal and paranasal sinuses,
      brain, orbit, subcutaneous tissue of check, lungs and endocardial valve in the
      decreasing order of their frequency. Aspergillus flavus was the main etiological
      agent. Immunodiffusion tests with various Aspergillus species as antigen showed a
      positively of 17 out of 18 (94.4 per cent) cases. The role of precipitins in
      diagnosis and prognosis of the disease has been discussed.

PMID- 6813744
TI  - A cDNA sequence encoding a rabbit heavy chain variable region of the VHa2
      allotype showing homologies with human heavy chain sequences.

PMID- 6813746
TI  - [Note concerning the report of the Commission Alternative Therapeutic Methods.
      Section Medicine, Physics Department of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences].

PMID- 6813745
TI  - [A patient with contact allergy for various virostatic agents used in herpetic
      keratitis].

PMID- 6813747
TI  - [Tube feeding of adults].

PMID- 6813748
TI  - [Acute ergotism during pregnancy].

PMID- 6813749
TI  - Combined effect of cytostatic drugs and E-N-L-trimethyl lysine in healthy and
      transplantable tumor bearing mice.
AB  - E-N-L-trimethyl lysine (TML) decreases the toxicity of Vincristin,
      Cyclophosphamide and Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) when administered simultaneously to
      healthy mice. Simultaneous treatment of L1210 ascites leukemia bearing mice with
      100 mg/kg TML and 2, 2.5, 3.2, 3.5, 4 mg/kg Vincristin or 10-15; 20 mg/kg
      Doxorubicin increases significantly the survival of the animals when compared
      with untreated and Vincristin or Doxorubicin treated mice. Repeated impulse
      treatment of S-180 subcutaneous sarcoma with 100 mg/kg TML and 50-100 mg/kg
      Cyclophosphamide results in a significantly higher surviving time and surviving
      rate than Cyclophosphamide treatment alone.

PMID- 6813750
TI  - Maintenance of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during pharmacological
      hypotension in aged hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) were measured in
      aged (24 month) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during sodium nitroprusside
      (SNP) and nitroglycerin induced hypotension. Both CBF and CMRO2 were decreased in
      SHR during hypotension induced with SNP. Significant decrements in CMRO2 were
      observed in aged SHR during even moderate hypotension (80-90 torr). Cerebral
      autoregulatory responses during nitroglycerin infusion in aged SHR were similar
      to SNP treated WKY and CMRO2 was maintained at control levels under all
      hypotensive test conditions. These results indicate that aged SHR are susceptible
      to cerebral ischemia during SNP induced hypotension, probably due to the combined
      effects of aging and hypertension on the cerebral vasculature. NTG moderated the
      decreases in CBF and CMRO2 seen during hypotensive challenges and may decrease
      the risk of stroke during hypotensive anesthesia.

PMID- 6813751
TI  - Memory consolidation in senescence: effects of CO2, amphetamine and morphine.
AB  - Alterations in memory storage processes that occur in senescence were
      investigated by challenging young and old female "small Wistar" rats with
      posttraining administration of CO2, amphetamine or morphine, and measuring
      retention performance. Neither duration of CO2 immersion, nor the time of CO2
      immersion after training had a differential amnestic effect with age on retention
      of a one-trial, shock-motivated inhibitory avoidance task. These results indicate
      that the times during which memory is susceptible to disruption for old and young
      rats are similar. Challenge with drugs, however, did reveal age-related
      alterations in memory storage processes. Amphetamine attenuated CO2-induced
      amnesia in young rats, but had no effect in old rats. This could not be
      attributed to a general decline in response to amphetamine in old rats because
      amphetamine increased open field activity of both young and old animals. Morphine
      also had a differential effect on memory with age: it caused amnesia in old rats
      trained in a one-trial hot plate escape task, while having no effect on retention
      performance of young rats. Thus, the modulatory influence of catecholamine and
      opioid systems on memory processes is probably altered in senescence.

PMID- 6813752
TI  - Cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic responses of aged rats to changes in
      arterial PCO2.
AB  - Cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic responses to changes in arterial PCO2 were
      tested in young (4 month) and aged (24 month) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were
      anesthetized with 70% nitrous oxide and 30% oxygen, paralyzed with tubocurare and
      artificially ventilated. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with radioactive
      microspheres and cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) was analyzed from arterial
      and sagittal sinus oxygen content differences. CBF increased in both young and
      aged rats with increasing arterial PCO2. Aged rats had significantly depressed
      cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in CO2 compared to young rats (p less than
      0.05). CMRO2 was not significantly different between young and aged rats and did
      not significantly change with changes in arterial PCO2.

PMID- 6813753
TI  - [Clinico-electroencephalographic analysis of epilepsy cases involving one side of
      the body in children].

PMID- 6813754
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 22 spinal neurinomas--with special reference to ct
      metrizamide myelography and CO2 laser--].
AB  - Twenty-two spinal neurinomas, admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto
      University Medical School during the past 40 years, were retrospectively analysed
      under the circumstances that most of lower spinal and or spinal cord tumors had
      usually been handled by orthopedic surgeons in Japan. Of the total of 22 cases,
      there were 14 cervical, 6 thoracic and 2 lumbar neurinomas. Age distribution was
      from 16 to 70 years of age with the average 38. Von Recklinghausen's disease
      accompanied spinal neurinoma in 4 cases. Of 3 cases under the age of 20, two were
      associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. Motor deficits were the prominent
      clinical symptoms on admission in 63% of the cases, while pains were the initial
      symptoms in 77% of the cases. Twenty-nine percent of cervical neurinomas were of
      dumbbell type, extending both in the intraspinal and extraspinal spaces. In
      addition to the conventional neuroradiologic investigations, CT metrizamide
      myelography was extremely advantageous in detecting the localization and relation
      of spinal neurinomas to the spine and spinal cord as well as bony changes. Laser
      surgery was utilized in the recent two cases of spinal neurinomas of dumbbell
      type. It was found useful in that it enabled intraspinal decompression by a non
      touch technique prior to laminectomy.

PMID- 6813755
TI  - [Atlantoaxial dislocation in neurofibromatosis.--Report of three cases--].
AB  - Atlantoaxial dislocation has received little attention in many studies of spinal
      deformity in neurofibromatosis. The only four cases of atlantoaxial dislocation
      associated with neurofibromatosis has been previously reported in the literature.
      We reported three rare cases of atlantoaxial dislocation associated with
      neurofibromatosis. These characteristics in roentgenogram were as follows; (1)
      marked narrowing of sagittal diameter at C1 level without instability
      (instability index 0%) (2) association with other mesodermal dysplasia, such as
      posterior vertebral body scalloping, vertebral body dysplasia, dural ectasia etc.
      Neurofibromatous tissue was found around the anterior region of the odontoid
      process in one of our three patients. We speculate that atlantoaxial dislocation
      in neurofibromatosis may be due to mesodermal dysplasia. On the other hand, a
      neurofibroma was found around the anterior region of the odontoid process in our
      third case. Therefore, there is a possibility that atlantoaxial dislocation in
      the instance was caused by the neurofibroma involving transverse atlantal
      ligament.

PMID- 6813756
TI  - Dissociation of the inhibitory and facilitatory effects of norepinephrine on the
      release of LH by premammillary lesions.
AB  - A dual action of the adrenergic system on the release of LH has been
      demonstrated: facilitation mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors and inhibition
      mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors. These two actions can be dissociated
      either by treatment with agents which block-specific adrenergic receptors or by
      cuts placed just in front of the mammillary bodies (PM cuts) interrupting caudal
      afferents to the medial basal hypothalamus. These cuts affected the release of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) in a way similar to that of treatment with the beta
      adrenoblocker, propranolol. Thus, in animals with PM cuts (1) the release of LH
      following the injection of norepinephrine into the third ventricle was enhanced
      and (2) the blocking action of intraventricular injection of isoproterenol on the
      release of LH was suppressed whereas the facilitatory effect of clonidine was not
      changed. Furthermore, whereas the release of LH induced by intraventricular
      injection of norepinephrine in intact rats was enhanced by treatment with
      propranolol, in rats with PM cuts the already enhanced induced release was no
      further raised by propranolol treatment. On the other hand, PM cuts did not
      affect the suppressive action of the alpha-adrenoblocker phenoxybenzamine on the
      norepinephrine-induced release of LH. It is concluded that adrenergic mechanisms
      inhibiting the release of LH were suppressed by PM cuts whereas those
      facilitating the release were not affected by these cuts.

PMID- 6813757
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of thyrotrophic-releasing
      hormone on cardiovascular function in the rat.
AB  - The effects of administration of thyrotrophic-releasing hormone (TRH) into the
      lateral cerebral ventricle on cardiovascular functions were assessed in both
      urethane-anesthetized and unanesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular
      administration of TRH (10-60 micrograms in 5.0 microliters volume) caused a dose
      dependent increase in both the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. For
      example, both the heart rate and the arterial pressure rose almost immediately
      and reached their maximal levels about 4 min after an injection of 40 micrograms
      TRH. The cardiovascular responses recovered about 10 min after the TRH injection.
      In addition, reflex bradycardia was produced by intravenous infusion of
      epinephrine (1.0-5.0 micrograms/kg) in rats. Over the dose range of epinephrine
      used, a dose-dependent bradycardia was obtained. It was found that
      intracerebroventricular pretreatment of animals with TRH, although causing no
      change in the epinephrine-induced pressor effect, did reduce the epinephrine
      induced reflex bradycardia in rats. However, intravenous pretreatment of animals
      with the same dose of TRH had no effect on the epinephrine-induced bradycardia.
      Thus, the data indicate that TRH acts through a central mechanism to inhibit
      reflex bradycardia mediated through baroreceptor reflexes in response to acute
      increase in blood pressure.

PMID- 6813758
TI  - Effect of the plasma estrone/17 beta-estradiol ratio on the prolactin and TSH
      responses to TRH.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test whether ratios between plasma concentrations of
      different estrogens would be more determinant of prolactin (PRL) secretion than
      plasma concentrations of estrogens per se have been found to be. Oral
      administration of micronized 17 beta-estradiol in a dose of 2 mg b.i.d. for 1
      month to 7 postmenopausal women raised plasma estrone (E1) from a median of 29 to
      683 pg/ml and plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from a median of 5.7 to 131 pg/ml.
      The E1/E2 ratios rose from a median of 4.01 to 4.92 (Pwilcoxon (Pw) greater than
      0.025). Basal serum PRL increased from a median of 79.2 to 100 microIU/ml (Pw)
      greater than 0.025). However, the area under the curve of the PRL response to TRH
      increased from a median of 2,553 mm2 before to 3,919 mm2 after treatment (Pw less
      than 0.025). Highly significant correlations existed between the E1/E2 ratios and
      the PRL responses to TRH both before (rspearman (rs) = 0.964) (Pspearman (Ps)
      less than 0.005) and after (rs = 1.000) (Ps less than 0.00025) estradiol
      treatment, whereas no correlations (Ps less than 0.679) existed between plasma
      concentrations of E1 or E2 per se and either basal serum PRL or PRL response to
      TRH. The regression curves of best fit between the E1/E2 ratios and the PRL
      responses to TRH were hyperbolic both before (r = 0.884) and after (r = 0.996)
      treatment. These results, showing that the E1/E2 ratio rather than the plasma E1
      or E2 concentrations per se are correlated to the PRL responses to TRH, imply
      that the metabolic conversion rate of estrogens modulates PRL secretion.

PMID- 6813759
TI  - Progressive infantile poliodystrophy (Alpers' disease) with a defect in citric
      acid cycle activity in liver and fibroblasts.
AB  - We present the case history of a boy, who died at the age of 3 1/2 years after a
      rapidly progressive neurologic disorder, characterized by psychomotor
      retardation, hypotonia, hemiparesis, seizures and myoclonic contractions.
      Histopathologic studies showed slight lipid storage in liver. Autopsy showed the
      characteristic features of progressive infantile poliodystrophy (Alpers'
      disease); ultrastructural examination showed an increased density of mitochondria
      in cerebral gray matter. Biochemical studies in leukocytes, cultured fibroblasts
      and liver indicated a deficiency in the citric acid cycle between succinate and
      fumarate; this deficiency was not present in muscle tissue. This study supports
      the view that progressive infantile poliodystrophy is associated with
      abnormalities in pyruvate metabolism and/or in cell mitochondria.

PMID- 6813760
TI  - Abnormal anterior pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic hormones in primary
      affective disorders. Effect of desipramine therapy.
AB  - Abnormal anterior pituitary responsiveness to acute administration of thyrotropin
      releasing hormone was investigated in 8 patients, 6 women and 2 men, with primary
      affective disorders in a depressive phase and in 2 women with schizoaffective
      disorders. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 500 micrograms i.v., induced a rise of
      plasma growth hormone levels in 1 patient suffering from primary affective
      disorders and in the 2 schizoaffective subjects, a rise of follicle-stimulating
      hormone in 1 schizoaffective patient, of luteinizing hormone in the 2
      schizoaffective patients, an excessive prolactin rise in 5 patients with primary
      affective disorders and in 1 schizoaffective subject and a flat response of
      thyroid-stimulating hormone in 4 patients with primary affective disorders and in
      2 schizoaffective patients. Desipramine was given at a dose of 50-100 mg/day for
      3-5 weeks. The thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test was repeated when
      the patients were improving or after 5 weeks of treatment without improvement.
      The hormonal impairments tended to disappear in those patients showing
      symptomatic improvement and were still present in those who did not improve.

PMID- 6813761
TI  - Effect of anodal polarization of deep brain structures on spatial synchronization
      of cortical potentials during defensive conditioning in rabbits.

PMID- 6813762
TI  - Electroencephalographic study of relationships between the prefrontal cortex and
      hippocampus in monkeys during delayed spatial choice.

PMID- 6813763
TI  - Benign focal epileptiform discharges in childhood migraine (BFEDC).
AB  - Interictal EEGs were studied in 100 children, ages 3 to 15 years. Records were
      interpreted independent of history; 89% were normal, 9% had benign focal
      epileptiform discharges (BFEDC), one had temporal spikes, and one had background
      slowing. The nine patients with BFEDC did not differ from the others. None had
      epilepsy. This incidence of 9% is higher (p less than 0.0001) than the incidence
      of BFEDC in the normal population (1.9%). The significance of this finding is not
      clear, but migraine and benign focal epilepsy of childhood may be genetically
      linked, or the vascular abnormality of migraine may cause brain injury to produce
      sharp waves of low epileptogenicity. These results do not suggest that headaches
      are epileptic.

PMID- 6813764
TI  - Unexpected focal paretic neurosyphilis in a young adult.

PMID- 6813765
TI  - The prospective Pareto Principle and equity of access to health care.

PMID- 6813766
TI  - Estimating the direct costs of illness.

PMID- 6813767
TI  - Employee assistance programs.

PMID- 6813768
TI  - [Etomidate anesthesia. Capnometric evaluations].

PMID- 6813770
TI  - [Blood lactates and pyruvates in diabetics during general anesthesia].

PMID- 6813769
TI  - [Evaluation of the nutritional state of patients in intensive therapy. Research
      and analysis of various parameters].

PMID- 6813771
TI  - [Primarily infected external pancreatic fistulas].

PMID- 6813772
TI  - [Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Personal cases].

PMID- 6813773
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in gynecologic neoplasms].

PMID- 6813774
TI  - Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles as studied by immunohistochemistry for S-100
      protein, neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein.

PMID- 6813776
TI  - Applying cost-analysis techniques to nursing.

PMID- 6813775
TI  - Antagonism of TRH-induced wet-dog shaking in rats by neurotensin and a
      neurotensin fragment.

PMID- 6813778
TI  - Calcification and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine: its
      role in secondary narrowing of spinal canal and cord compression.

PMID- 6813777
TI  - Dithiobiuret-induced muscle weakness in rats: evidence for a prejunctional
      effect.

PMID- 6813779
TI  - Chelation therapy for degenerative vascular disease.

PMID- 6813780
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute coronary artery disease.
AB  - Intravenous nitroglycerin (IVNG) was used in 12 instances (11 patients) to
      relieve pain, following myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The strength of
      IVNG infusion could be easily controlled and relief of pain was prompt and
      satisfactory. Excessive tachycardia or severe headache was not encountered and
      marked hypotension was seen in one patient only. This patient had three vessel
      coronary artery disease, extensive myocardial damage and vein graft closure.
      Cardiovascular stability was provided by IVNG, prior to and during cardiac
      catheterisation and cineangiography, transportation to another hospital and vein
      graft surgery. IVNG appears to be a safe and effective drug in the management of
      patients with acute coronary artery disease (unstable angina and myocardial
      infarction). In those with both right and left ventricular wall infarction,
      however, the usefulness of IVNG needs to be established.

PMID- 6813781
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 6813782
TI  - [Genetically determined ophthalmic syndromes in children].

PMID- 6813784
TI  - Effect of crocetin on experimental skin tumors in hairless mice.
AB  - Crocetin seems to have a small effect in slowing the development of skin tumors
      induced in hairless mice by the application of dimethyl-benz-a-anthracene and
      croton oil. No definite effect is shown on preventing the development of tumors
      induced by UV-B radiation.

PMID- 6813783
TI  - [Remission maintenance with cytostatic long-term therapy in metastatic breast
      cancer].
AB  - 72 patients with metastatic breast cancer were evaluated in a retrospective trial
      with a chemotherapeutic maintenance protocol consisting of cyclophosphamide and
      methotrexate. The maintenance protocol was started after surgery, radiation,
      hormonal treatment, and four initial courses of aggressive chemotherapy after
      Salmon and Jones. The median survival after the initiation of chemotherapy was 19
      months. It could be demonstrated that the mild maintenance therapy after
      remission induction with an aggressive regimen will bring no disadvantage
      compared with consistently repeated induction therapy, but a considerable
      improvement of life quality.

PMID- 6813785
TI  - Ascorbic acid and its effect on the skin of Bufo regularis.
AB  - Skin papillomas were observed in the majority of toads when painted with 1 mg of
      7,12-dimethyl-benz (alpha) anthracene (DMBA) dialy for 8 weeks. Animals injected
      with 10 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid into the dorsal lymph sac showed tumor
      inhibition when painted with the same dose level of DMBA for 8 weeks. Tumor
      regression occurred in those animals receiving 10 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid for
      8 weeks.

PMID- 6813786
TI  - 9-O monofilament polydioxanone (PDS): a new synthetic absorbable suture for
      cataract wound closure.
AB  - This study describes the intraoperative and postoperative performance of 9-O
      monofilament Polydioxanone (PDS) suture for cataract wound closure. This newly
      developed synthetic absorbable suture is designed to meet the need for a "long
      term" absorbable suture material suitable for cataract wound closure following
      intraocular lens implantation. Polydioxanone's advantages over currently used
      "short-term" absorbables and biodegradable nylon are described in this report.

PMID- 6813787
TI  - A simple and rapid method for isolation of retinal S antigen.
AB  - A procedure is described for the rapid isolation of S antigen from retinal
      tissue, by salt precipitation, gel filtration and final purification by
      adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite-agarose. The method yielded a highly
      purified material and allowed an excellent preservation of the antigenicity, as
      shown by high pathogenic activity in induction of experimental autoimmune
      uveoretinitis.

PMID- 6813788
TI  - Immunological properties of rat lens gamma-crystallins. I. Characterization of
      the major components.
AB  - Rat lens gamma-crystallins were separated by preparative flat bed isoelectric
      focusing (pH 7-11). The fractions obtained were submitted to analytical
      isoelectric focusing, fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The
      results demonstrate that rat lens gamma-crystallins are electrophoretically and
      immunologically heterogenous. Evidence is given that there are two
      immunologically different groups. Rat gamma 1-crystallin, the prominent and
      immunologically homogeneous part, is identical to calf lens gamma-crystallin. The
      second group of proteins, gamma 2-crystallins, is heterogeneous and shows only
      partial identity with gamma 1-crystallin.

PMID- 6813789
TI  - Studies on spontaneous production of gamma-interferon in Behcet's disease.
AB  - Gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) is detected at a higher level in the sera of
      patients with Behcet's disease than in control subjects. To investigate the
      cellular source of IFN-gamma, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients
      were cultured and found to produce IFN-gamma spontaneously in their fresh culture
      fluids. The average IFN titers in cultures of the patients' PBL were
      significantly higher than those of the control cultures (p less than 0.0001). The
      IFN activity was significantly higher in cultures of the patients in the ocular
      convalescent stage than in the exacerbation stage (p less than 0.0001), as was
      the case with serum interferon activity. Fractionation of PBL showed that only T
      gamma lymphocytes of the patients produced IFN-gamma spontaneously in the
      cultures. No IFN was produced in the culture fluids of T non-gamma cells, non-T
      cells or macrophages. T gamma cells and IFN-gamma may therefore play a
      significant role in the immunopathophysiology of Behcet's disease.

PMID- 6813790
TI  - Vitamin E inhibition of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. A gross, histologic,
      and ultrastructural study.
AB  - Sixty-four young adult male and female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
      were divided into four equal experimental groups of sixteen animals. In Group 1
      animals the left buccal pouch was painted three times weekly with a 0.25 percent
      solution of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in heavy mineral oil. In Group
      2 animals the left buccal pouch was similarly painted with DMBA, but the animals
      also received 7 I.U. of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) twice weekly on days
      alternate to the DMBA painting. The vitamin E was administered orally via a fine
      pipette. Group 3 animals were similarly painted with DMBA and received vitamin E
      vehicle by pipette. Group 4 animals served as untreated controls. Four animals in
      each group (two male, two female) were killed at 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks. Buccal
      pouches were photographed and excised. Tumors were noted and measured in the left
      buccal pouches. The buccal pouches as well as major organs were fixed in
      formalin, sectioned in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In the
      Group 2 animals receiving vitamin E, there was a significant delay in tumor
      formation so that by 12 to 14 weeks there were fewer tumors and their average
      size was smaller than those in the Group 1 and Group 3 animals painted with DMBA
      but receiving no vitamin E supplement. Microscopic examination revealed that
      there was less invasion of underlying tissues and less surface necrosis. The
      tumors in both control and vitamin E groups were well-differentiated epidermoid
      carcinomas. No differences in the nature of the cellular patterns of the
      carcinomas in control and vitamin E groups were revealed by electron microscopic
      studies.

PMID- 6813791
TI  - Histologic evaluation of the effect of formocresol and glutaraldehyde on the
      periapical tissues after endodontic treatment.
AB  - The root canals of twelve pairs of human incisors without hard tissue or
      periodontal disease were treated with either formocresol or glutaraldehyde. The
      periapical reactions were compared histologically after periods varying between 6
      and 8 weeks. A formocresol dressing always resulted in irritation of the
      periapical tissues, whereas little or no irritation was found after treatment
      with glutaraldehyde. It can be concluded that, after a vital pulpectomy,
      treatment of root canals with glutaraldehyde is faster than, as efficient as, and
      less irritating than treatment with formocresol.

PMID- 6813792
TI  - Diffusion of carbon-14-labeled formocresol and glutaraldehyde in tooth
      structures.
AB  - 14C-Formocresol and 14C-glutaraldehyde were placed in the root canals of freshly
      extracted human teeth. The outward diffusion of labeled aldehydes was then
      measured and autoradiograms of cross-sections taken. No diffusion of
      glutaraldehyde was detectable within 72 hours, whereas there was a rapidly
      increasing outflow of formocresol during the same period. In a separate group
      normal root canal treatment was completed until 2 mm. short of the roentgenologic
      apex with glutaraldehyde as an irrigant. The walls of the root canals of some of
      the specimens were examined with electron microscopy and the outflow of 14C
      formocresol which was later placed in some specimens was counted. The use of
      glutaraldehyde as an irrigant resulted in closure of the apical third of the root
      canal as indicated by the absence of 14C-formocresol diffusion.

PMID- 6813793
TI  - The effect of quality assurance review on implementation of an automatic stop
      order policy.
AB  - Because of problems associated with overutilization of antimicrobial drugs,
      particularly antibiotics, Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center, New York,
      conducted a hospitalwide study to ensure that physicians' orders for
      antimicrobial drugs complied with an automatic stop-order policy. The original
      study, conducted in 1980, revealed a compliance rate of only 18.5% for
      antibiotics. However, after implementation of an extensive educational program
      for physicians and nurses, a restudy, conducted one year later, showed that
      compliance with the automatic stop-order policy increased to 54%--a 300%
      improvement over the first study. In addition, the follow-up study also revealed
      a 6% decrease in the percentage of patients who received antibiotics.

PMID- 6813794
TI  - One hospital's approach to developing standards of care.

PMID- 6813795
TI  - Accreditation--a system of delicate balances.

PMID- 6813796
TI  - [Characteristics of hemostatic therapy during orthopedic interventions on
      hemophilia patients].

PMID- 6813797
TI  - Formation of cyanate and carbamyl phosphate by electric discharges of model
      primitive gas.
AB  - A mixed gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen was discharged over 100 ml
      of 0.2 M NaHCO3 solution in a 5 liter discharge apparatus which simulates the
      primitive Earth. The formation of cyanate, which is one of the possible primitive
      condensing agents, was demonstrated by the detection of [Cu(Py)2] (NCO)2 that was
      formed by the addition of copper sulfate-pyridine reagent to the solution. In a
      series of experiments the partial pressures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the
      starting gas were fixed at 10 cm Hg and 20 cm Hg, respectively, whereas that of
      hydrogen was varied between 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm Hg. The discharges were
      continued for one week. The rate of appearance of cyanate was strongly dependent
      upon the partial pressure of hydrogen. The maximum rate of the production of
      cyanate at the initial stage of the discharge was in the case of 10 cm Hg of
      hydrogen, in which condition the starting gas is in a predominantly oxidized
      state. In this case the concentration of cyanate reached about 0.012 M after one
      day. Another discharge experiment was carried out with 0.2 M phosphate solution,
      and the production of carbamyl phosphate was demonstrated through the formation
      of ATP by the incubation of the discharged solution with ADP and carbamyl
      phosphokinase.

PMID- 6813798
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of renovascular hypertension, coarctation of the
      abdominal aorta and kyphoscoliosis in a neurofibromatosis patient].

PMID- 6813800
TI  - Lymphangiomas of the head and neck in adults.
AB  - Lymphangiomas are considered to be congenital malformations of lymphatic
      channels. Fifty percent to 60% of these lesions are present at birth, with 80% to
      90% detected by the second year of life. These lesions are rare in adults but may
      occur as late as the fifth decade of life. Primary lymphangiomas of the
      hypopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract are exceedingly rare in adults. The
      clinical courses of three adults with lymphangiomas of the head and neck are
      presented. In one case the lesion was confined to the hypopharynx. The literature
      contains considerable discussion about congenital lymphangiomas; few studies,
      however, have addressed this problem specifically in the adult population. The
      clinical appearance, difficulties of diagnosis, and guidelines of treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 6813799
TI  - Heterotopic salivary tissue in the neck.
AB  - Heterotopic salivary tissue can occur in the upper part of the neck and may be
      confused with other causes of neck masses. The embryologic basis of the
      heterotopic salivary tissue is considered to be heteroplasia of the epithelium of
      the cervical sinus of His. Heterotopic salivary tissue should be surgically
      excised. The diagnosis is easy if there is a draining sinus, but if there is not
      a sinus, the diagnosis is usually made coincidental to the removal of the mass as
      part of the evaluation of a neck mass. Benign and malignant neoplasms can arise
      in such heterotopic salivary tissue.

PMID- 6813801
TI  - The survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - The survival rates following treatment of 1,555 consecutive, previously untreated
      patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied. A 92.5% follow-up rate in 11
      years is reported. Overall survival rates were 82.7% at one year, 67.4% at two
      years, 47.8% at five years, and 39.8% at ten years. Computer analysis revealed
      various factors influencing the survivals and hence prognosis. The outcomes in
      this series revealed five categories; clinical staging of nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma in five stages is, therefore, suggested.

PMID- 6813802
TI  - Factors influencing survival in head and neck patients with giant cervical lymph
      node metastasis.
AB  - Giant cervical lymph node metastasis originating from head and neck epidermoid
      carcinoma has traditionally indicated a poor prognosis. However, some patients
      with stage IV disease may live many years. In order to identify factors which
      might contribute to long-term survival, a retrospective analysis of 94 patients
      with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic cervical lymph nodes
      greater than 4 cm was performed. At the time of study, 15 patients were alive; 62
      of the remaining 79 patients had died due to related causes. Of the 15 survivors,
      mean survival time was 10.3 years, and the determinate five-year or greater
      survival rate was 20%. In contrast, mean survival of the 62 determinate
      nonsurvivors was 1.4 years. Recommended treatment for stage IV head and neck
      cancer patients with giant cervical lymph nodes consists of preoperative
      radiation therapy followed by wide-field en bloc resection.

PMID- 6813803
TI  - The ultrasonic scalpel in head and neck surgery.
AB  - The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspiration system (CUSA) is a new surgical tool
      that has received little attention in head and neck surgery. The device fragments
      and aspirates tissues with mechanical energy delivered by direct contact with the
      tip of a transducer vibrating at 23,000 Hz. The potential of the CUSA system was
      evaluated in several laboratory exercises: superficial parotidectomies on fresh
      cadavers, subtotal sialadenectomies on cats, and direct application to the
      brachial plexus in cats to assess effects on peripheral nerves. The CUSA quickly
      etched away salivary gland parenchyma while grossly preserving nerve, vessel, and
      fibrous elements, allowing virtually bloodless dissection. Small vessels could be
      cauterized directly. Direct application of CUSA to peripheral nerves for limited
      periods produced no significant clinical deficits, although worrisome histologic
      findings were noted.

PMID- 6813804
TI  - The lateral port control pharyngeal flap: a versatile approach to velopharyngeal
      insufficiency.
AB  - The surgical therapy for velopharyngeal incompetence has always been a
      challenging problem. In spite of the surgical choices of palatal pushback,
      pharyngeal flap, pharyngoplasty, muscle transfers, and pharyngeal wall implants,
      the reported failure rate has varied from 10% to 50%. A group of ten patients
      with velopharyngeal insufficiency is presented, two posttonsillectomy and
      adenoidectomy, three secondary to congenital deficiencies, and five following
      palatal and pharyngeal paralysis secondary to severe closed head injuries. The
      technique and experience with the lateral port control pharyngeal flap is
      discussed.

PMID- 6813805
TI  - Prophylactic perioperative antibiotics in contaminated head and neck surgery.
AB  - Controversy remains regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in
      contaminated head and neck surgery. In an attempt to clarify this issue, a
      prospective double-blind randomized study has been undertaken in patients who
      were to undergo major contaminated (skin to mucosa) oncologic surgery. The drug
      combination gentamicin plus clindamycin was compared with cefazolin. One day of
      therapy was compared with five days. Results showed a statistically significant
      higher rate of infection with the use of cefazolin. In addition, preliminary
      results indicate that the longer duration of therapy decreases infection rates.

PMID- 6813806
TI  - Effects of smoking and age on serum levels of immune reactive proteins.
AB  - In patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma, prior studies demonstrating
      correlations among levels of certain immunosuppressive acute phase proteins,
      tumor extent, and immune reactivity suggest that these protein levels may be
      useful parameters for assessing tumor status and clinical course after treatment.
      Because of the consistent association of chronic smoking with the development of
      cancers of the head and neck, the effects of smoking and age on levels of acute
      phase proteins (alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) and
      other immune reactive proteins (alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, prealbumin) were
      determined in smoking and nonsmoking normal subjects. In smokers, levels of alpha
      1-antitrypsin were uniquely and significantly elevated and were not related to
      smoking extent or age. Levels of haptoglobin increased with smoking extent and
      age. In comparisons of age- and sex-matched smokers and nonsmokers, levels of
      alpha 1-acid glycoprotein increased with age among both groups. The demonstration
      of correlations of levels of immunosuppressive acute phase proteins with smoking
      extent and age among normal subjects suggests that changes in the levels of these
      proteins may be related etiologically to the association of smoking and age with
      the development of head and neck cancers.

PMID- 6813807
TI  - Diffuse exostoses and osteomata of the external auditory canal: a report of 100
      operations.
AB  - The clinical, surgical, and postoperative findings were reviewed in 84 operations
      for correction of bony stenosis of the external auditory canal caused by diffuse
      exostoses. Sixteen operations for removal of a solitary osteoma of the external
      auditory canal are also included in the review. The solitary osteoma is an
      uncommon unilateral lesion, attached to the tympanosquamous or tympanomastoid
      suture line, almost always in the outer half of the ear canal. Removal is
      indicated in most cases and may be performed through the external meatus under
      local anesthesia. Diffuse exostoses of the external auditory canal are common
      bilaterally symmetrical hyperostoses of the tympanic bone, seen predominantly in
      men who are ocean swimmers. Surgical correction of the bony stenosis is indicated
      only if the lesion is symptomatic. At the Otologic Medical Group we perform the
      operation postauricularly, rather than transmeatally, in order to remove the
      lesion completely and to avoid complications.

PMID- 6813808
TI  - Five-year report on partial ossicular replacement prostheses and total ossicular
      replacement prostheses.
AB  - Although much progress has been achieved in the functional restoration of ears
      damaged by chronic suppurative otitis media since the introduction of
      tympanoplasty 30 years ago, adequate hearing improvements in ears with loss of
      the stapedial arch have been the most elusive. It is now recognized that such
      ears present the surgeon with numerous associated problems that require control
      for a satisfactory outcome; the problem of establishing an efficient link between
      the tympanic membrane and oval window has proved the most difficult. The
      introduction of biocompatible materials was heralded as a possible solution. In
      order to evaluate the claims for these new materials, the five-year results
      obtained with one of these, porous polyethylene, were evaluated. The one-year
      success rate with partial ossicular replacement prostheses was 64%; the five-year
      success rate was 43%. With total ossicular replacement prostheses the success
      rate was 59% at one year and 22% at five years. These poor results, coupled with
      evidence of digestion of porous polyethylene, give little justification for the
      continued use of this material in tympanoplasty.

PMID- 6813809
TI  - A biologic adhesive for otologic practice.

PMID- 6813811
TI  - Latex injection of the temporal bone.

PMID- 6813810
TI  - Vestibular ototoxicity of prophylactic aminoglycoside antibiotics in head and
      neck cancer patients.
AB  - The effect of prophylactic aminoglycoside antibiotics upon vestibular function
      was studied using a double-blind protocol in a group of head and neck cancer
      patients scheduled for contaminated (skin-to-mucosa) surgical procedures. The
      amplitude (gain) of vestibular responses to rotation temporarily declined in 12
      of 25 patients postoperatively. There was no correlation between temporary
      decline in vestibular response and administration of gentamicin, clindamycin, and
      cefazolin. After a recovery period of one to three months, none of the patients
      showed evidence of vestibular aminoglycoside ototoxicity. The transient reduction
      in vestibular responses to rotary stimuli was possibly related to the use of
      analgesics, anesthetic agents, or radical neck dissection procedures. The
      importance of repeat measures and proper timing of vestibular ototoxic monitoring
      procedures in a surgical patient population was demonstrated by this study.
      Results of this study may also impact interpretation of findings from certain
      surgical procedures performed for control of vertigo.

PMID- 6813812
TI  - Acetazolamide in Meniere's disease: evaluation of a new diagnostic test for
      reversible endolymphatic hydrops.

PMID- 6813813
TI  - Nonauditory effects of low-frequency noise exposure in humans.

PMID- 6813814
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injury: effect of prophylaxis with calf
      compression, aspirin, and dipyridamole.
AB  - Twenty-eight consecutive patients with acute spinal cord injury were randomised
      to one of two regimens for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT): external
      pneumatic calf compression (EPCC, 15), or EPCC combined with aspirin, 300 mg bid,
      and dipyridamole, 75 mg tid (ASA/dip, 13). DVT, detected by the 125I-fibrinogen
      test and impedence plethysmography, was confirmed by contrast venography. The
      incidence of DVT in the total group was 33 per cent, significantly less than the
      78 per cent observed in 37 untreated patients studied previously (p less than
      0.001). DVT developed in six of 15 patients receiving only EPCC, and three of 12
      on ASA/dip as well as EPCC (p less than 0.1). The untreated patients studied
      earlier had significantly increased circulating platelet aggregates, increased
      platelet affinity for collagen, and elevated factor VIII activities, which
      generally coincided with the development of DVT (usually 7-9 days after injury).
      Prophylaxis partially prevented these coagulation abnormalities and delayed the
      onset of thrombosis. While the differences in the haemostatic parameters between
      those not treated with ASA/dip and those receiving these agents were not
      statistically significant (except for the platelet-collagen affinity), there was
      a trend toward less elevated values in the drug-treated patients. We conclude
      that spinal cord injury patients are at extreme risk for DVT, and have abnormal
      platelet and factor VIII activities. Prophylaxis with EPCC significantly and
      safely reduces the risk of DVT in these patients.

PMID- 6813815
TI  - Continuous culture of human/mouse lymphoid hybridomas: pattern of immunoglobulin
      secretion.
AB  - Fusion of human and mouse cells leads to preferential loss of human chromosomes.
      In this study the loss of human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain production
      by human/mouse lymphoid hybridomas has been followed longitudinally. A sensitive
      quantitative ELISA method has been used for measuring human immunoglobulins. The
      pattern of loss of heavy and light chain production suggests that the genes for
      human heavy and light chains are on separate chromosomes.

PMID- 6813816
TI  - Effects of progesterone on mammary carcinogenesis when various doses of DMBA were
      applied directly to rat mammae.
AB  - To investigate the suggestion that progesterone acts directly on the mammary
      gland to inhibit carcinogenesis, doses of 500, 100 or 30 microgram of DMBA were
      applied directly to inguinal mammary glands of 50 d old rats which either
      received no other treatment or were injected with progesterone (3 mg/d) s.c. for
      18 d before dusting the carcinogen. Progesterone pretreatment did not inhibit
      mammary carcinogenesis in rats dusted with 500 microgram or DMBA. When smaller
      doses of DMBA (100 microgram or less) were applied, hormone pretreatment markedly
      reduced carcinogenesis, the inhibitory effect being statistically significant in
      the group dusted with the smallest dose of carcinogen. As the dusting technique
      eliminated any observable systemic effects of the carcinogen, it is concluded
      that the results support the suggestion that progesterone acts directly on the
      mammary gland to inhibit carcinogenesis and that this effect can be over-ridden
      if a large enough dose of DMBA (somewhere between 100 and 500 micrograms) is
      applied. The importance of carcinogen dose to resulting tumour yield was clearly
      shown by the significant descending gradation in tumour incidences and gradual
      lengthening of average tumour latent periods in the 3 control groups with
      decreasing DMBA dose, as well as in the 3 hormone-pretreated groups.

PMID- 6813817
TI  - [Enzymes in tumors of the large intestine].

PMID- 6813818
TI  - Apnea.

PMID- 6813819
TI  - Parenteral nutrition in the newborn: a practical guide.

PMID- 6813820
TI  - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 6813821
TI  - Thyroid function in the preterm infant.

PMID- 6813822
TI  - [Pharmacological study of pirprofen].
AB  - Pirprofen is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Its formula is 2 - (3 -
      chloro - 4 (3 - pyrrolin - 1 - yl)-phenyl) propionic acid. As demonstrated by the
      nitrogen nucleus and the the 2 pKA values, the molecule is similar to that of an
      amino acid. The classical pharmacological studies have proven its powerful anti
      inflammatory action. Certain new techniques have enabled the identification of
      the mechanism of action of pirprofen in the inflammatory process. In addition,
      pirprofen seems able to slow down the evolution of certain experimental models of
      osteoarthritis. The mechanism of this effect is unknown.

PMID- 6813823
TI  - [Tolerability of pirprofen during prolonged treatment].
AB  - During a non-comparative multicentric study, 70 patients suffering from various
      rheumatological diseases were treated by pirprofen for an average duration of 32
      weeks (from 1 to 121 weeks). The daily dose varied from 400 to 1200 mg. Efficacy
      was judged good or excellent in 53 of the 70 patients (75%). Side effects,
      especially digestive, were noted in 27 patients (38%). They only caused
      discontinuation of treatment in 9 patients (13%). Amongst the 38 side effects, 26
      occurred during the first 8 weeks of treatment. Despite the long duration of the
      treatment, the overall tolerance of pirprofen was good or acceptable in 87,5% of
      patients. The very high level of compliance in this long-term treatment attests
      to the good tolerance of pirprofen.

PMID- 6813824
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a glutamate tRNA from rat liver.
AB  - A glutamate tRNA from rat liver was purified. By means of post-labeling
      techniques, its nucleotide sequence was shown to be: pU-C-C-C-A-C-A-U-m1G-G-U-C
      psi-A-G-C- G-G-D-D-A-G-G-A-U-U-C-C-U-G-G-psi-U-mcm5s2U-U-C-A-C-C-C-A-G-G-C-G- G-C
      m5C-m5C-G-G-G-Tm-psi-C-G-A-C-U-C-C-C-G-G-U-G-U-G-G-G-A-A-C-C-AOH. The sequence is
      remarkably similar to that of tRNA4Glu from Drosophila melanogaster. Only 10 out
      of 75 nucleotides in the two tRNAs are different.

PMID- 6813825
TI  - Replication of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010 in cell-free extracts of
      Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Replication of exogenous RSF1010 DNA can be carried out by soluble enzyme systems
      from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It requires the function of
      RSF1010-encoded replication protein(s), which is not expressed in extracts from
      plasmid-free bacteria. In contrast to previously described in vitro systems for
      plasmid replication, initiation of RSF1010 DNA synthesis is independent of
      transcription catalyzed by host RNA polymerase. This is indicated by the
      insensitivity of RSF1010 replication to rifampicin as well as to RNA polymerase
      antibodies. It is proposed that a host RNA polymerase transcription-independent
      initiation mechanism might be a general property of broad host range plasmids.

PMID- 6813826
TI  - Evaluation of two different HEDP content kits: stability study against dilution
      both in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Two different HEDP content kits (Kit A, HEDP: 1 mg, SnCl2. 2H2O: 0.5 mg; and Kit
      B, HEDP: 10 mg, SnCl2. 2H2O: 0.5 mg) were evaluated for their stability against
      dilution 99mTc-HEDP solutions prepared from these two kits were diluted from 10
      to 6000fold  with 0.9% NaCl solution just before evaluation both in vivo and in
      vitro. In the case of Kit A, significant soft tissue uptake in vivo and released
      free pertechnetate in vitro were observed by diluting the 99mTC-HEDP solution. On
      the other hand, 99mTc-HEDP prepared from Kit B was found to be sufficiently
      stable against dilution. The stability after preparation of each diluted 99mTc
      HEDP was also greatly affected by its HEDP concentration. Preliminary analysis of
      absorption spectra for each 99Tc-HEDP indicated the possibility of two different
      99mTc-HEDP complex formation by varied HEDP concentration. These results
      indicated that a cold reagent like Kit A might cause a higher soft tissue uptake
      due to its dilution in vivo during a clinical study for bone scanning.

PMID- 6813827
TI  - Does anyone have an answer?

PMID- 6813828
TI  - Demonstration and partial characterization of a novel soluble antigen present in
      keratocysts.
AB  - Keratocyst antigen was demonstrated in the fluid of keratinizing odontogenic
      cysts (primordial cysts) but not in fluids of other cyst types. The antigen was
      not present in plasma or saliva. It resisted collagenase digestion and did not
      react with keratin antibodies. In gel filtration, the antigen migrated as a
      single peak and gave a molecular weight of about 50 000 when analyzed in SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In immunoelectrophoresis, it migrated in the
      prealbumin region and was localized in epithelial cells of the cyst capsule, when
      studied by a double-antibody fluorescence technique. The origin and function of
      the keratocyst antigen is unclear but it may be a soluble marker for keratocyst
      differentiation.

PMID- 6813830
TI  - [Proteolytic activity of the gastric juice in surgically treated duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6813829
TI  - [Effect of disodium cromoglycate (Intal) inhalation on airway patency].

PMID- 6813831
TI  - [Arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarct treated with nitroglycerin].

PMID- 6813832
TI  - [Ontogeny of immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6813833
TI  - The child with impaired consciousness.

PMID- 6813834
TI  - [Effects of three types of respiratory assistance (continuous positive pressure,
      intermittent positive pressure, classical respiratory physiotherapy) on PaO2 and
      PaCO2 in patients undergoing digestive tract surgery].
AB  - Two hundred and seventeen patients undergoing digestive tract surgery, either
      randomly or non-randomly allocated in two separate groups, and presenting
      postoperative hypoxemia, were studied during intensive care : 77 were ventilated
      by continuous positive pressure (CPP), 70 by intermittent positive pressure
      (IPP), and 70 were treated by classical respiratory physiotherapy. Results showed
      that CPP was the method of choice for ventilatory assistance following digestive
      tract surgery: hematosis was improved in a prolonged manner without modification
      of CO2 levels. The other procedures had a beneficial effect on PaO2 but at the
      price of a hyperventilation. Patients receiving IPP developed hypocapnea and
      hypoxemia five minutes after the end of the treatment. Physiopathological bases
      for these differences in gasometric behaviour in patients undergoing digestive
      tract surgery are analyzed as a function of the characteristics of CPP on the one
      hand, and IPP and respiratory physiotherapy on the other.

PMID- 6813835
TI  - In vivo inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogenic
      Escherichia coli in gnotobiotic chicks.
AB  - Chicks were hatched germfree in gnotobiotic isolators to determine the inhibitory
      effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus towards pathogeneic Escherichia coli in
      vivo. Twelve trials were conducted in two flexible film isolators utilizing a
      total of 221 chicks. One treatment consisted of inoculating 2-day-old chicks with
      L. acidophilus, then challenging with pathogenic E. coli with subsequent dosing
      with L. acidophilus. The other treatment consisted of challenging with the E.
      coli at 2 days of age, then subsequently dosing with L. acidophilus. Statistical
      analysis of the data showed initial dosing with L. acidophilus prevented
      excessive mortality when chicks were challenged with E. coli. Also, continued
      dosing with L. acidophilus lowered the pH in the crop, cecum, and rectum whether
      chicks were initially given L. acidophilus or E. coli. This strain of L.
      acidophilus was capable of competing with E. coli in the gut of gnotobiotic
      chicks.

PMID- 6813836
TI  - Residual activity of selected pesticides on laying hens treated for northern fowl
      mite control by dipping.
AB  - Aqueous suspensions of malathion, stirofos, Ravap, and carbaryl formulations (.25
      to 1.0%) were tested as dips for control of the northern fowl mite (NFM),
      Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on caged White Leghorn hens.
      Hens treated with Ravap showed symptoms of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning
      soon after treatment and some died as a result of the dip; however, dipping with
      the other insecticides did not result in any apparent toxic effects. Malathion
      gave residual control of mites for about 4 weeks posttreatment, but both stirofos
      and carbaryl dips gave complete control for at least 6 weeks against repeated
      challenges with the NFM. There were no significant differences in the percent hen
      day egg production, feed consumption, or body weight of the hens that could be
      attributed to any of the chemical treatments.

PMID- 6813837
TI  - Metabolic responses of the rooster after exogenous thyroid hormones.
AB  - Total sensible heat loss, O2 consumption, and CO2 production were monitored in 20
      White Leghorn roosters (1.85 +/- .05 kg body weight) subjected to either saline,
      or triiodothyronine (20 micrograms/kg; T3), or thyroxine (50 micrograms/kg; T4)
      administered in a single dose. Treatment occurred after a 26-hr fast and the fast
      was maintained for the duration of the experiment. Plasma T3 concentrations in
      birds treated with T3 were higher than controls for an 8-hr period after
      treatment (P less than .01). Plasma T4 in birds treated with T4 was higher than
      controls for the 24-hr sampling period (P less than .01). Sensible heat loss, but
      not O2 consumption or CO2 production, was affected by treatment during the first
      10 hr following treatment (P less than .05). Heat loss after T3 and T4 treatments
      did not differ; however, pooled results of the treated groups were higher than
      that of control (P less than .05). Heat loss, O2, and Co2 varied with time (P
      less than .001) during the 10-hr period following treatment or saline. Sensible
      heat loss was also affected by treatment during the period of 21 to 25-hr
      posttreatment (P less than .001). During that period, the heat loss after T4
      treatment was greater than that after T3 (P less than .005). These data suggest
      that a single administration of either T3 or T4 can affect total sensible heat
      loss but not O2 consumption of CO2 production within 10-hr posttreatment in
      mature roosters.

PMID- 6813838
TI  - [Duodenal diverticula in biliary and pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 6813839
TI  - [The significance of duodenal diverticula].

PMID- 6813840
TI  - [Current problems in parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6813841
TI  - [Current problems in parenteral nutrition in diseases of the internal organs].

PMID- 6813842
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition in pediatrics: indications and results].

PMID- 6813843
TI  - [Effect of parenteral feeding preparations on plasma amino acids of oncology
      patients who have undergone surgery on the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6813844
TI  - [Progress and prospects in the development of the problem of parenteral
      nutrition].

PMID- 6813845
TI  - [Evaluation of nutrition and the effectiveness of parenteral feeding of patients
      with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 6813847
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition in different stages of burns].

PMID- 6813846
TI  - [Efficacy of polyamine in the rehabilitation of patients with the dumping
      syndrome].

PMID- 6813848
TI  - [Changes in the amino acid spectrum of blood in chronic liver diseases and their
      importance in developing specific preparations for parenteral protein nutrition].

PMID- 6813849
TI  - [Parenteral feeding using polyamine after experimental irradiation of the
      abdominal region].

PMID- 6813850
TI  - [Indices of protein metabolism in rats during long-term intravenous and
      intragastric administration of various nutrient mixtures].

PMID- 6813852
TI  - [Theoretical and clinical aspects of the problem of artificial nutrition].

PMID- 6813851
TI  - [Study and use of preparations for parenteral nutrition in Sweden].

PMID- 6813853
TI  - [Importance of microbiological study methods in female genital tuberculosis].

PMID- 6813854
TI  - Mechanism of the inhibition of mutagenicity of a benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10
      epoxide by riboflavin 5'-phosphate.
AB  - Riboflavin 5'-phosphate (flavin mononucleotide; FMN) inhibits the mutagenicity of
      (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P diol epoxide), the only known ultimate
      carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. Coincubation of 10, 25, and 50 nmol of
      FMN with strain TA100 of histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium inhibits the
      mutagenicity of 0.05 nmol of the diol epoxide by 50, 70, and 90%, respectively.
      Ribose 5-phosphate and riboflavin show no significant effects at comparable
      doses. Reaction of B[a]P diol epoxide with FMN in aqueous solution at neutral pH
      produces only tetraols, with no evidence for covalent adducts. At pH 7 the rate
      of hydrolysis of B[a]P diol epoxide in dioxane/water, 1:9 (vol/vol), at 25
      degrees C is increased more than 10-fold in the presence of 100 muM FMN.
      Spectrophotometric studies and quantitative rate data for the reaction of the
      diol epoxide with FMN indicate that a complex is formed between the diol epoxide
      and the flavin moiety of FMN (Ke = 1,400-3,400 M-1) prior to general acid
      catalyzed hydrolysis of the epoxide to tetraols by the phosphate monoanion of
      FMN. Comparable concentrations of ribose 5-phosphate and riboflavin do not
      significantly increase the rate of hydrolysis, although evidence for complex
      formation between riboflavin and the diol epoxide is observed. General acid
      catalyzed hydrolysis of bay-region polycyclic hydrocarbon diol epoxides by
      compounds that have a high affinity for these ultimate carcinogens represents a
      potentially useful way of inhibiting their carcinogenic activity.

PMID- 6813855
TI  - Viroids and prions.
AB  - Viroids are small "naked" infectious RNA molecules that are pathogens of higher
      plants. The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) is composed of a covalently closed
      circular RNA molecule containing 359 ribonucleotides. The properties of PSTV were
      compared with those of the scrapie agent, which causes a degenerative
      neurological disease in animals. PSTV was inactivated by ribonuclease digestion,
      psoralen photoadduct formation, Zn2+ -catalyzed hydrolysis, and chemical
      modification with NH2OH. The scrapie agent resisted inactivation by these
      procedures, which modify nucleic acids. The scrapie agent was inactivated by
      proteinase K and trypsin digestion, chemical modification with
      diethylpyrocarbonate, and by exposure to phenol, NaDodSO4, KSCN, or urea. PSTV
      resisted inactivation by these procedures, which modify proteins. Earlier
      evidence suggested that the scrapie agent is smaller than PSTV. Its small size
      seems to preclude the presence of a genome coding for the protein(s) of a
      putative capsid. The properties of the scrapie agent distinguish it from both
      viroids and viruses and have prompted the introduction of the term "prion" to
      denote a small proteinaceous infectious particle that resists inactivation by
      procedures that modify nucleic acids.

PMID- 6813856
TI  - In vitro replication of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA.
AB  - We have been studying the mechanisms of linear DNA replication by using Bacillus
      bacteriophage phi 29 as a model system. To isolate and characterize the proteins
      required for phi 29 DNA replication, we have developed a cell-free replication
      system. A cell-free extract prepared from phi 29-infected Bacillus subtilis
      catalyzes the semiconservative replication of phi 29 DNA, but only if exogenous
      phi 29 DNA-protein complex is used as the template. This template consists of
      linear duplex DNA with a 30,000-dalton terminal protein attached covalently to
      both 5' ends. Replication starts nonsimultaneously at or near both ends of the
      template. The extract also catalyzes the specific binding between dATP and the
      phi 29 terminal protein. Thus, the in vitro system closely mimics the in vivo
      replication of phi 29 DNA. This system should allow characterization of the phi
      29 DNA replication machinery.

PMID- 6813857
TI  - Production of immune interferon by an interleukin 2-independent murine T cell
      line.
AB  - An interleukin 2-independent murine T cell line (BFS) was isolated that produced
      immune interferon after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The BFS
      cell line did not produce detectable levels of interleukin 1, interleukin 2, B
      cell growth factor, macrophage-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage
      activating factor, or T cell replacing factor. Maximal interferon was induced 48
      hr after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate at 10-100 ng/ml. Production
      of interferon by phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated BFS cell cultures was
      synergistically increased by the addition of EL4 thymoma cell culture
      supernatants. BFS-derived interferon activity was sensitive to pH 2 treatment and
      was neutralized with antiserum to immune interferon but was resistant to heating
      at 56 degrees C and to treatment with antiserum to type I interferon. In
      addition, the interferon activity was sensitive to trypsin but resistant to
      RNase. BFS-derived interferon had an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 and a pI
      of 5.5-6.0. Each of these properties is consistent with the conclusion that the
      BFS cell line produces immune interferon after stimulation with phorbol myristate
      acetate.

PMID- 6813858
TI  - Autoantibodies occurring in two different rheumatic diseases react with the same
      nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
AB  - Patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue
      disease produce antibodies directed against two nuclear antigens, Sm and nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein (nRNP), respectively. The two antigens exhibit a relationship
      of partial identity in serologic assays, but the molecular basis of this
      relationship was not understood. This report describes the isolation of a nRNP
      particle containing both nRNP and Sm antigens. The particle was isolated by
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation of a rat liver nuclear extract followed
      by anti-nRNP affinity chromatography of a 14S gradient fraction. The protein
      moiety of the isolated particle consisted primarily of two polypeptides, P13 (Mr,
      13,000) and P30 (Mr, 30,000). The immunoreactivity of P13 and P30 was
      demonstrated directly by transfer of these proteins from gels to nitrocellulose
      paper, followed by immunoautoradiography. Anti-nRNP sera reacted only with P30,
      whereas anti-Sm sera reacted with P13. Anti-nRNP sera were previously found to
      react with P13, but only in the presence of RNA [Douvas, A. S., Stumph, W. E.,
      Reyes, P. R. & Tan, E. M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3608--3616]. From these
      observations it was concluded that P13 is the Sm antigen. The precipitating nRNP
      antigen is composed of P30--RNA complexes or P13--RNA complexes, with a RNA
      independent reaction occurring with P30. The partial identity between Sm and nRNP
      antigens can be explained on the basis of a common reactivity to the P30--P13-
      RNA particle, with anti-Sm sera capable of binding additionally to RNA-free P13.

PMID- 6813859
TI  - Specific induction of erythroleukemia and myelogenous leukemia in Sprague-Dawley
      rats.
AB  - The experimental induction of leukemias of two sorts by two powerful chemical
      carcinogens was investigated in rats of a single strain. In Sprague-Dawley rats a
      series of intravenous injections of N-nitroso-N-methylurea selectively elicited
      myelogenous leukemia in high yields, whereas erythroleukemia was not evoked.
      Conversely, a set of intravenous injections of 7,8,12-trimethylbenz[a]anthracene
      specifically elicited erythro-leukemia in high incidence in the rats, whereas
      myelogenous leukemia was not produced.

PMID- 6813860
TI  - Covalent crosslinking of tRNA1Val to 16S RNA at the ribosomal P site:
      identification of crosslinked residues.
AB  - N-Acetylvalyl-tRNA1Val (AcVal-tRNA1Val) was bound to the P site of uniformly 32P
      labeled 70S ribosomes from Escherichia coli and crosslinked to 16S RNA in the 30S
      ribosomal subunit by irradiation with light of 300-400 nm. To identify the
      crosslinked nucleotide in 16S RNA. AcVal-tRNA1Val-16S [32P]RNA was digested
      completely with RNase T1 and the band containing the covalently attached
      oligonucleotides from tRNA and rRNA was isolated by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The crosslinked oligonucleotide, and the 32P-labeled rRNA moiety
      released from it by photoreversal of the crosslink at 254 nm, were then analyzed
      by secondary hydrolysis with pancreatic RNase A and RNase U2. The oligonucleotide
      derived from 16S RNA was found to be the evolutionarily conserved sequence, U-A-C
      A-C-A-C-C-G1401, and the nucleotide crosslinked to tRNA1Val, C1400. The identity
      of the covalently attached residue in the tRNA was established by using AcVal
      tRNA1Val-16S RNA prepared from unlabeled ribosomes. This complex was digested to
      completion with RNase T1 and the resulting RNA fragments were labeled at the 3'
      end with [5'-32P]pCp. The crosslinked T1 oligonucleotide isolated from the
      mixture yielded one major end-labeled component upon photoreversal. Chemical
      sequence analysis demonstrated that this product was derived from the anticodon
      containing pentadecanucleotide of tRNA1Val, C-A-C-C-U-C-C-C-U-cmo5U-A-C-m6A-A
      G39(cmo5U, 5-carboxymethoxyuridine). A similar study of the crosslinked
      oligonucleotide revealed that the residue covalently bound to 16S was cmo5U34,
      the 5' or wobble base of the anticodon. The adduct is believed to result from
      formation of a cyclobutane dimer between cmo5U34 of tRNA1Val and C1400 of the 16S
      RNA.

PMID- 6813861
TI  - Initiation of phage phi 29 DNA replication in vitro: formation of a covalent
      complex between the terminal protein, p3, and 5'-dAMP.
AB  - Incubation of extracts of phi 29-infected Bacillus subtilis with [alpha-32P]dATP
      produced a labeled protein having the electrophoretic mobility of p3, the 5'
      terminal protein of phi 29 DNA. The reaction product was resistant to treatment
      with micrococcal nuclease, phosphatase, and RNases A and T1 and sensitive to
      proteinase K. Incubation of the 32P-labeled protein with piperidine under
      conditions in which the phi 29 DNA-protein p3 linkage is hydrolyzed released 5'
      dAMP. The reaction with [alpha-32P]dATP was strongly inhibited by anti-p3 serum
      and required the preence of phi 29 DNA-protein p3 complex; no reaction took place
      with proteinase K-treated phi29 DNA. These results, together with those of acid
      hydrolysis and partial proteolysis, indicated that a covalent complex between
      protein p3 and 5'-dAMP is formed in vitro. The initiation complex (protein p3
      dAMP) formed in the presence of 0.5 microM [alpha-32P]dATP can be elongated by
      addition of 40 microM dNTPs. Treatment with piperidine of the product elongated
      in the presence of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate released the expected
      oligonucleotides, 9 and 12 bases long, taking into account the sequence at the
      left and right DNA ends, respectively.

PMID- 6813862
TI  - Optic cup formation: a calcium-regulated process.
AB  - Invagination of the optic vesicle to form the optic cup is an important event in
      the formation of the eye in the early embryo. To obtain support for earlier
      conclusions that a contractile process is involved, calcium dependency of optic
      cup formation was tested. Heads were excised from chicken embryos at the optic
      vesicle stage of development (stage 13) and incubated in nutrient medium
      containing antagonists or agonists of calcium transport. Invagination was
      reversibly inhibited by the Ca2+ antagonists verapamil and papaverine. It was
      initiated in a precocious fashion by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 but only in the
      presence of external Ca2+. Neither caffeine, theophylline, nor A23187 (in the
      absence of external Ca2+) were able to initiate precocious optic cup formation.
      Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine reversibly inhibited optic cup formation while
      chlorpromazine sulfoxide had no effect at the concentrations used. The binding of
      [3H]trifluoperazine to isolated stage 13 heads revealed a class of Ca2+-dependent
      binding sites having a Kd similar to that of calmodulin. These results indicate a
      Ca2+-dependence for optic cup formation and that the source of the Ca2+ may be
      extracellular. This Ca2+ dependence probably is conferred to the system by
      calmodulin.

PMID- 6813863
TI  - Translocation of immunoglobulin VH genes in Burkitt lymphoma.
AB  - We have produced cell hybrids between mouse myeloma cells, which do not produce
      immunoglobulin chains, and Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi), which express surface
      IgM. Daudi Cells carry a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosomes
      8 and 14, described as (8;14)(q24;q32). The hybrids were studied for the
      expression of human immunoglobulin chains and human isozyme markers, for the
      presence of human chromosomes, and for the presence of the human genes for heavy
      chain variable regions (VH) and mu and gamma chain constant (C) regions. The
      results indicate that the expressed mu chain gene is on normal chromosome 14 in
      Daudi cells. We have also determined that the chromosome 14 involved in the
      translocation (14q+) carries the gene for C mu and C gamma 1-4 and probably
      several genes for the variable region (V). Certain hybrids had lost both the
      chromosomes 14 but had retained the abnormal chromosome 8 (8q-) that carries the
      terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 14. These hybrids were studied for the
      presence of human VH, C mu,, and C gamma DNA sequences, and the results indicated
      that the hybrid cells with the 8q- chromosome contained VH genes that not C
      genes. Therefore, we conclude that, in the Daudi Burkitt lymphoma, the break in
      chromosome 14 occurred within the chromosome segment containing V region genes.
      As a result of the translocation some of these VH genes became associated with
      chromosome 8. It is possible that the expression of malignancy in Burkitt
      lymphoma is caused by immunoglobulin V region gene translocation resulting in
      activation of a gene on the long arm of human chromosome 8.

PMID- 6813865
TI  - [Nursing care plan of a woman with pregnancy gestosis].

PMID- 6813864
TI  - IgE immune complexes stimulate arachidonic acid release by mouse peritoneal
      macrophages.
AB  - Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid and
      challenged with Sephadex beads coated with immune complexes of IgE and antigen.
      Arachidonic acid release by the cells was assessed by the quantity or radiolabel
      recovered from the culture medium. Freshly isolated macrophages responded to IgE
      immune complexes with a release of [3H]arachidonic acid that was linear for 1-2
      hr. The magnitude of the response was dependent on both the number of immune
      complex-coated beads and on the degree of opsonization of the beads. Under
      conditions of maximal stimulation, macrophages challenged with IgE immune complex
      coated Sephadex released 23 +/- 4.5% of their incorporated radiolabel. This is
      compared to values of 34.2 +/- 0.5% and 38.1 +/- 3.3% for cultures that received
      IgG immune complex-coated Sephadex or zymosan, respectively. Macrophages did not
      release arachidonic acid upon exposure to soluble IgE and antigen given
      sequentially or simultaneously, and soluble IgE did not inhibit the cells'
      response to IgE immune complexes. Incubation of macrophages for longer than 3 hr
      prior to challenge resulted in a selective loss in the cells' ability to respond
      to IgE immune complexes. After 16 hr of culture, macrophages released only 3.9 +/
      0.3% of their incorporated 3H on exposure to IgE immune complexes; however
      radiolabel release in response to zymosan (42.0 +/- 0.8%) was identical to that
      of freshly isolated cells. These data indicate that macrophages are capable of
      releasing arachidonic acid in response to preformed particulate immune complexes
      of IgE and antigen. Because Sephadex beads are too large to be interiorized by
      the cells, this response results from the interaction of the immune complexes
      with the macrophage plasma membrane.

PMID- 6813866
TI  - [First aid assistance on the road. Intervention plan].

PMID- 6813868
TI  - [Organizational procedures of a sterilization center].

PMID- 6813867
TI  - [Group guidance methods for 3d year students of a professional nursing school
      which develops teaching activities].

PMID- 6813869
TI  - [Towards a university nursing education].

PMID- 6813870
TI  - [Interview with the Honorable Mariapia Garavaglia].

PMID- 6813871
TI  - [Role and professional education of the nurse. A national meeting of the Italian
      Socialist Party].

PMID- 6813872
TI  - [New role of the nursing service finalized for the purpose of health reform].

PMID- 6813874
TI  - The facilitating effects of adrenaline on platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6813873
TI  - Effect of acetaminophen and salicylate on aspirin-induced inhibition of human
      platelet cyclo-oxygenase.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin,
      effectively competes for the same site on the platelet cyclo-oxygenase enzyme. In
      the present investigation we have evaluated the effect of salicylate and
      acetaminophen on aspirin induced inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase and platelet
      function. Results of our studies show that both drugs at equimolar concentrations
      had no inhibitory effect on aspirin induced blockage of cyclo-oxygenase or
      platelet function. Even at higher concentrations acetaminophen failed to protect
      cyclo-oxygenase or prevent inhibition of platelet function by aspirin. Salicylate
      at concentrations above 5 mM effectively blocked the inhibition of cyclo
      oxygenase activity and platelet aggregation in response to arachidonate.

PMID- 6813875
TI  - Testosterone inhibits prostaglandin formation by human gingival connective
      tissue: relationship to 14C-arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - The relationship between various concentrations of the male sex steroid,
      testosterone, and the formation of radioactive prostaglandins (PGs) from 14C
      arachidonic acid by human gingival homogenate has been investigated. There were
      statistically significant (combined) linear and quadratic trends between hormone
      treatment at concentrations of 10(-9), 10(-7), 10(-5) and 10(-3)M and the amounts
      of PGF2, PGE2, PGD2 and 15-keto-PGE2 formed. The mean amount of each PG formed at
      the various concentrations of testosterone was statistically significantly less
      than the corresponding control level. The results indicate that testosterone, at
      the dose levels tested, is inhibitory to the cyclooxygenase pathway of
      arachidonic acid metabolism in gingiva.

PMID- 6813876
TI  - Levels of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in UV-B irradiated human skin
      before and after topical application of benzyl-2,5-diacetoxybenzoate, a salicylic
      acid derivative.
AB  - Benzyl-2,5-diacetoxybenzoate (BDAB) was tested for anti-inflammatory activity on
      experimentally inflamed skin. Human abdominal skin was irradiated with three
      minimal erythema doses of UV-B (290-320nm) radiation to give a maximum erythema
      at 24 hours with an associated rise in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels measured by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. Topical application of a 1% w/w preparation of
      BDAB neither decreased the evoked erythema nor diminished the rise in PGE2 and
      PGF2 alpha concentrations. BDAB, applied topically, was judged to be ineffectual
      as an anti-inflammatory agent in UV-B erythema.

PMID- 6813877
TI  - Serum levels of free fatty acids in the first trimester of pregnancy: effect of
      acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - The serum levels of free fatty acids were determined before and after an oral
      dose of 1000 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during the 7-11th weeks of pregnancy
      in 11 women admitted to hospital for legal abortion and in 8 women admitted for
      operative (hysterectomy) treatment because of fibroids. Thirteen healthy women of
      reproductive age served as controls. The levels of linoleic, alpha-linolenic,
      myristic, oleic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were significantly lower in
      pregnant women than in the hysterectomy group. The level of arachidonic acid was
      higher in the pregnant and hysterectomy groups than in controls. Serum free fatty
      acids had a negative correlation with the duration of pregnancy. ASA treatment
      tended to increase the levels of many fatty acids in serum. Serum arachidonic
      acid levels after ASA treatment correlated significantly with the salicylate
      concentrations in myometrium and the levels of most other fatty acids with the
      salicylate concentration in endometrium.

PMID- 6813878
TI  - Structure-activity studies of aspirin and related compounds on platelet
      aggregation, arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets and artery, and arterial
      prostacyclin activity.
AB  - A series of benzoic acid derivatives was tested for specificity of action on
      human platelet function and platelet prostaglandin (PG) synthesis versus
      prostacyclin (PGI2) production by rat and rabbit aorta rings. None of the agents
      tested was more specific for one system than the other. ASA was more potent than
      2-propionyloxybenzoic acid (2-PBA) in inhibiting platelet function and platelet
      PG synthesis although the potencies of these agents were comparable in inhibiting
      PGI2 synthesis. 3-Propionyloxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) caused increased activity in
      both systems while 2-acetylbenzoic acid (ABA) had only minor effects. A cyclical
      derivative, 3-methylphthalide (3-MP), inhibited both platelet function and PGI2
      synthesis although it did not inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity, suggesting a
      novel mechanism of action. Thus only minor changes in the ASA molecule could be
      effected without significant changes in pharmacological activity. The
      investigation of novel agents such as 3-MP may lead to a better understanding of
      arachidonate metabolism in different tissues and possibly to the development of
      more tissue-specific drugs.

PMID- 6813879
TI  - Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood
      monocytes.

PMID- 6813880
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids alter aqueous humor dynamics and uveal flow.
AB  - We report the effects of four unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) - arachidonic (AA),
      linoleic, alpha-linolenic and oleic acid - and one saturated fatty acid (stearic
      acid) on aqueous humor (AH) dynamics of the isolated arterially perfused cat eye.
      UFAs, but not stearic acid, increase inflow of AH and elevate IOP; they do not
      affect the size of the pupil except for AA which produces maximal constriction.
      Indomethacin blocks the AA induced increase in inflow and the constriction of the
      pupil but it does not prevent the rise in IOP; indomethacin does not block
      increased flow or IOP caused by linoleic acid. We conclude that the fatty acid
      moiety of UFAs affects the blood aqueous barrier and possibly also the outflow
      channels. AA has a dual effect since in addition to a general fatty acid effect,
      an AA induced cyclo-oxygenase product affects AH inflow and constricts the pupil.
      All UFAs dilate the iridial part and constrict the choroidal part of the ciliary
      processes; this may contribute to increased inflow of AH and elevation of IOP.

PMID- 6813881
TI  - Intracranial injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) suppresses
      starvation-induced feeding and drinking in rats.
AB  - The sites at which TRH produces suppression on feeding and drinking were examined
      anatomically in the rat brain. This was accomplished by microinjecting nmol
      concentration of TRH into 6 different brain sites. Intracerebroventricular
      injection of TRH (25, 50, 100 nmol/rat) suppressed starvation-induced feeding and
      drinking in a dose related manner. The microinjection in a small amount of TRH (8
      nmol/hemisphere) into the medial and lateral hypothalamus produced relatively
      severe anorexia and adipsia as compared with the other areas including the
      nucleus accumbens, the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus and the amygdala. It
      was concluded that the medial hypothalamus is the most sensitive site of TRH
      induced anorexia and adipsia and the action of TRH on the lateral hypothalamus is
      also a possible mechanism mediating the decrease in water intake.

PMID- 6813882
TI  - [Metabolic modulation as a method in tumor chemotherapy].

PMID- 6813883
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 2,5-diaminobenzoic acids stimulating the
      biosynthesis of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6813884
TI  - Effect of sulfinpyrazone on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated
      hamster lungs.
AB  - When 50 nmol of 14C-arachidonate was injected into the pulmonary circulation of
      isolated hamster lungs, the perfusion pressure was increased. This increase was
      not changed when sulfinpyrazone was infused into the pulmonary circulation at 20
      mumol/l. Neither was the total amount of radioactivity in the effluent changed by
      sulfinpyrazone. The metabolites of arachidonic acid were analyzed from the
      nonrecirculating perfusion effluent, which was extracted with ethyl acetate first
      at neutral pH and then at pH 3.5. The only significant change in the metabolite
      formation was a small decrease in the amount of one metabolite extracted at
      neutral pH (obviously 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid). The amounts of
      other metabolites, including 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and TxB2 were
      unchanged. The present study indicates that the pulmonary metabolism of
      arachidonic acid is changed only slightly by sulfinpyrazone.

PMID- 6813885
TI  - [Migraine accompagnee].
AB  - The symptomatology of migraine accompagnee is described. The order of the
      symptoms, the suspected localisation and the possibility of permanent defects,
      heredity and treatment are discussed. The results obtained by traditional methods
      of examination such as blood flow measurements, arteriography and EEG are
      presented, as are those of more modern techniques such as skull rheography and
      computed tomography.

PMID- 6813886
TI  - [So-called "interval forms" of poisonings of the nervous system].

PMID- 6813887
TI  - The interaction of lithium and time-of-day on calcium, magnesium, parathyroid
      hormone, and calcitonin in rats.
AB  - Effects of lithium on the concentrations and temporal patterns of serum and
      cerebellar calcium and magnesium, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin were
      studied in 186 rats sacrificed around 24 hours of clock time. Serum calcium,
      serum and cerebellar magnesium, and parathyroid hormone were increased and
      calcitonin decreased in lithium-fed animals. Lithium-fed rats also showed
      different temporal patterns in serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, cerebellar
      magnesium, and calcitonin. Data support the hypothesis that lithium competes for
      calcium receptor sites, causing a compensatory increase in parathyroid hormone
      and decrease in calcitonin until a new, higher set-point for calcium is
      established. Lithium strongly affected biological rhythms, an effect which may
      account in part for the diverse literature on lithium's influence on calcium and
      magnesium regulation.

PMID- 6813888
TI  - Lithium and chlorpromazine in psychotic inpatients.
AB  - A sample of recently hospitalized psychotic patients was assigned to treatment
      with lithium or chlorpromazine in a double-blind drug trial. Several diagnostic
      systems were used to characterize the patients. No relationship was found,
      regardless of criterion system used, between diagnosis and differences in drug
      effectiveness; specifically, the presence of "schizophrenic" symptoms did not
      predict a poor response to lithium. Among patients with physical overactivity,
      those treated with lithium terminated earlier and had poorer outcome than those
      treated with chlorpromazine. In patients who were not overactive, the two drugs
      were equally effective, and chronically psychotic patients had poorer outcomes
      regardless of drug. Lithium may be an effective treatment for acutely psychotic
      patients who are not overactive. The use of a lithium trial as a diagnostic tool
      may be unwarranted.

PMID- 6813890
TI  - Behavioral effects of intraventricularly administered (-)-nicotine on fixed ratio
      schedules of food presentation in rats.
AB  - The behavioral effects of intraventricularly (IVT) administered (-)-nicotine on
      food-maintained behavior were studied. Rats responded by pressing a lever under
      various fixed ratio (FR) schedules. Infusion of 5 microgram of (-)-nicotine
      suppressed responding under an FR 16 schedule for 11-13 min. The effect was
      inversely related to the ratio size (16, 32, 64 responses per food delivery), but
      it was directly related to the infused (-)-nicotine dose (0.312, 0.624, 1.25,
      2.5, 5.0, 10.0 microgram) when ratio size was held constant. Responses rates
      following the (-)-nicotine-induced suppression were similar to those obtained
      prior to infusion. The behavioral effects of (-)-nicotine were blocked, in a dose
      related manner, by the centrally acting nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist,
      mecamylamine (0.05-3.0 mg/kg) but not by ther peripherally acting antagonist,
      hexamethonium (0.5-3.0 mg/kg), suggesting that the behavioral effects of IVT
      infusions of (-)-nicotine are mediated by central nicotine-cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6813889
TI  - Phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus properties of opioids in the squirrel
      monkey.
AB  - The opioids SKF 10047, dl-cyclazocine, and dextrorphan have been shown to have
      phencyclidine (PCP)-like discriminative stimulus properties in the rat. In order
      to extend the generality of this observation, the stimulus effect of these and
      other opioids were evaluated in squirrel monkeys trained to discriminate between
      IM injections of saline and 0.25 mg/kg of PCP in a two-choice discrete-trial
      avoidance paradigm. Stimulus control of behavior was characterized by the
      reliable completion of at least 22 trials of a 25-trial session on the
      appropriate choice lever after an injection of saline or PCP. In tests of
      stimulus generalization, SKF 10047, d-cyclazocine, dextrorphan, normetazocine, dl
      cyclazocine, l-cyclazocine, and dextromethorphan occasioned dose-related
      increases in PCP-appropriate responding. The first four of these compounds and,
      under some conditions, l- and dl-cyclazocine, produced stimulus control of
      behavior comparable to that produced by the PCP training dose. Six other opioids
      occasioned responding only on the saline-appropriate liver: ethylketocyclazocine.
      Ketocyclazocine, levorphanol, levallorphan, pentazocine, naltrexone. Naltrexone
      (1.0 or 4.0 mg/kg) attenuated slightly the PCP-like stimulus effects of SKF 10047
      and dextrorphan, but increased PCP-appropriate responding with l- and dl
      cyclazocine and levorphanol by enabling higher doses of these drugs to be tested
      without disruption of responding. The PCP-like stimulus effects of certain
      opioids appear to be mediated at neuronal substrates acted upon by PCP rather
      than at sites typically associated with opiate activity. These neuronal sites of
      action common to opioids and PCP may correspond to the sigma "opiate" receptor.

PMID- 6813891
TI  - Behavioral effects of morphine and naloxone following chronic morphine
      administration.
AB  - The effects of morphine, naloxone, and combinations of these drugs were examined
      in squirrel monkeys under shock-postponement schedules. In the absence of a lever
      press, shocks could be presented every 4s. and each response postponed shock for
      20s. Acutely, morphine (0.10-3.00 mg/kg) produced not only overall response-rate
      decreases, but also increases in the number of shocks, whereas naloxone (0.10
      30.00 mg/kg) had little effect on responding. When given in combination with
      morphine, several doses of naloxone antagonized the rate-reducing and shock
      increasing effects of morphine. Daily administration of morphine resulted in a
      substantial decrease in the number of shocks received and a moderate attenuation
      of the rate-decreasing effects of morphine (tolerance). Lower doses substituted
      for the fixed daily dose resulted in a smaller effect on behavior than under
      acute administration. Naloxone given in combination with the daily morphine dose
      or substitute for the daily morphine dose or substituted for the daily
      administration or morphine, produced effects similar to those seen prior to
      chronic drugging. Thus, behavioural effects of naloxone were not altered even
      though tolerance to morphine was observed. Larger doses of naloxone continued to
      antagonize the effects of morphine for at least 24 h. No signs of physical
      dependence were noted when naloxone was administered or when administration of
      morphine ended.

PMID- 6813892
TI  - 3H-imipramine binding and serotonin uptake in platelets from untreated depressed
      patients and control volunteers.
AB  - Human platelets possess specific high-affinity binding sites for 3H-imipramine
      which have similar characteristics to the sites previously described in human and
      animal brain. In a group of untreated depressed patients, the Bmax of 3H
      imipramine binding and the Vmax of serotonin uptake in their platelets were found
      to be significantly lower than in a group of control volunteers. There was no
      significant difference in the Kd values for 3H-imipramine binding but the Km
      values of 3H-serotonin uptake were decreased in the depressed patients. When the
      measurements of 3H-imipramine binding and 3H-serotonin uptake were compared in
      the same individual, however, there was no correlation between the individual
      Bmax and Vmax values or the Kd and Km values. These results suggest that although
      the 3H-imipramine binding site and the mechanism for serotonin uptake are
      associated, they are not identical.

PMID- 6813893
TI  - The anorectic action of naloxone is attenuated by adaptation to a food
      deprivation schedule.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that naloxone and other opiate antagonists can reduce
      the amounts of food and water consumed by laboratory animals, a finding
      consistent with a role for endogenous opioids in the control of appetite. Because
      there have also been some failures to observe an anorectic action of naloxone, a
      study was carried out in which the effects of the drug on food intake were
      investigated using two different experimental procedures. In naive rats deprived
      of food for 24 h, both naloxone (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (1.0,
      3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in food and water intake. In
      rats which had been adapted to receiving food for only 6h each day, fenfluoramine
      produced a similar effect whereas naloxone had no effect on food intake and
      reduced water consumption only at the highest dose. A second experiment showed
      that the different actions of a 1.0 mg/kg dose of naloxone in the two procedures
      were not due to differences in the duration of the immediately preceding period
      of food deprivation or in the time during which the rats were handled. These
      results show that the anorectic action of naloxone can be attenuated by
      adaptation to a schedule of repeated food deprivation.

PMID- 6813894
TI  - The development of pharmacological tolerance to the effect of nicotine on
      schedule-controlled responding in mice.
AB  - The effects of nicotine in mice responding on a fixed-ratio schedule for a
      sweetened milk reinforcer were determined before, during and after daily
      administration of the drug. During chronic treatment, responding was initially
      depressed in a group of mice given presession injections of nicotine and
      gradually returned to prechronic baseline levels. Responding to single doses of
      nicotine shifted to the right following chronic treatment for animals receiving
      either presession or postsession chronic injections of 1.2 mg/kg nicotine.
      Following termination of chronic treatment, both groups lost tolerance to the
      chronic dose at similar rates. These data indicate that animals given chronic pre
      and postsession injections of nicotine develop tolerance to the pharmacological
      effects of the drug and that behavioral variables do not influence the
      development of tolerance to nicotine.

PMID- 6813895
TI  - Time course of plasma drug levels during once-daily oral administration of
      clomipramine.
AB  - Fourteen depressed in-patients were treated with 150 mg clomipramine (CLO) daily,
      given as one oral dose. Using a gas-chromatographic method, concentrations of CLO
      and desmethyl clomipramine (DMCLO) were determined in plasma samples taken at
      frequent intervals during 24 h. The plasma level of each compound 12 h after the
      dose correlated well with the average value in the same patient, calculated over
      the whole 24-h period. Levels at other times gave poorer correlations, and at 24
      h it was particularly poor. Plasma DMCLO concentrations were usually maximum 4-6
      h after the dose. The ratios of maximum to minimum levels averaged only 1.31 +/-
      0.15 SD. Peak CLO levels occurred 3 or 4 h after the dose. Maximum; minimum
      ratios averaged 2.72 +/- 0.73 SD, contrasting with the much smaller fluctuations
      of plasma nortriptyline (NT) levels observed in patients given this drug once
      daily. The difference is not due to a shorter half-life of CLO, but to the
      absorption and/or distribution behaviour of the two drugs. Although not fully
      understood, this difference between tertiary and secondary amines appears to hold
      generally among the tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 6813896
TI  - Lithium effects on rat brain glucose metabolism in vivo. Effects after
      administration of lithium by various routes.
AB  - The effects of lithium on several brain energy metabolites were investigated in
      rats. Lithium was administered by three alternative routes: 1) in food, 2) via IP
      injection, or 3) intracisternally via the suboccipital route. Lithium given in
      food induced permanent changes, mainly in glycolytic processes and in glycogen
      content. Lithium injected IP induced, in addition, several changes which depended
      on the increase in brain lithium concentration following injection of lithium.
      These changes in brain metabolites disappeared as brain lithium concentration
      stabilized. Intracisternal injection of lithium produced brain lithium
      concentrations between 1 and 2 mmoles/kg wet wt., with a mean of about 1.6
      mmoles/kg wet wt. Lithium concentrations below about 1.6 mmoles/kg wet wt.
      induced changes in brain metabolites which were similar to the changes seen after
      IP injection of lithium. Lithium concentrations above about 1.6 mmoles/kg wet wt.
      induced changes in several brain metabolites which were at variance with the
      changes induced by lower lithium concentrations. These changes were in many
      respects similar to changes in brain metabolites seen in rats exposed to
      convulsive treatment. It is hypothesized that such metabolic changes during
      lithium treatment, in discrete areas of the brain with higher concentration of
      lithium, e.g., hypothalamus, might be related to the prophylactic effect of
      lithium treatment in man.

PMID- 6813897
TI  - The effects of fenfluramine and fluoxetine on the acquisition of the conditioned
      avoidance response in rats.
AB  - This study tested a behavior-suppressing punishment system and how its activity
      may be altered by agents known to interrupt or enhance serotonergic (5-HT)
      transmission. Holtzman male albino rats were tested for shuttle box avoidance
      acquisition and intertrial responding either 1 or 8 h following daily injection
      of fenfluramine (FEN) or fluoxetine (FXT). When the drug-test interval was 1 h, a
      time when both drugs are presumably potentiating 5-HT activity, avoidance
      acquisition and intertrial responding were impaired. When testing occurred 8 h
      after drug treatment, a time when 5-HT level are unaltered by FXT and are
      maximally reduced by FEN, these drugs had no effect on avoidance acquisition, but
      FEN produced an increase in intertrial responses whereas FXT did not. These
      results support the proposal of an inhibitory 5-HT system. Furthermore, these
      data demonstrate that FEN is capable of exerting a biphasic action on intertrial
      responding and suggest that the time interval between drug administration and
      behavioral testing is a crucial variable when investigating FEN.

PMID- 6813899
TI  - Drug-increased REM sleep in aged subjects: butoctamide hydrogen succinate (BAHS).
AB  - Butoctamide hydrogen succinate (BAHS), which is related to an organic compound
      naturally occurring in CSF, has been demonstrated to increase REM sleep in cats
      and yound adults. In the present study, BAHS was confirmed also to increase REM
      sleep in healthy aged subjects. The subjects were six females (68-77 years of
      age). The experiment covered 8 consecutive nights. Identical capsules containing
      either a placebo (linoleic acid) or 600 mg BAHS were administered 1 h prior to
      recording, which was started at 9 PM. BAHS tended to stabilize sleep. The average
      number and percentage of REM periods increased significantly during the drug
      nights compared with the baseline nights (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02,
      respectively). The maximum percentage of BAHS-induced REM sleep was approximately
      20%. REM sleep did not exceed the upper limit of the physiological range. A carry
      over effect of BAHS occurred during the withdrawal nights. During the drug
      nights, and the average length of REM periods increased in each sleep cycle. The
      length especially increased significantly in cycle 3 (P less than 0.05). The
      interruptions of REM sleep decreased in number. The histogram of REM sleep showed
      that REM sleep increased in the middle and the latter part of the night with two
      apparent peaks. Though REM sleep increased, REM density decreased. The mechanisms
      by which BAHS increases REM density decreased. The mechanisms by which BAHS
      increases REM sleep suggests that BAHS increases serotonin in the brain, and that
      serotonin increases REM sleep secondarily. BAHS seems to be a unique drug which
      increases REM sleep, while other clinically used drugs suppress it.

PMID- 6813898
TI  - Differential sensitivity to amphetamine following long-term treatment with
      clozapine or haloperidol.
AB  - When rats were pretreated for 8 consecutive days with 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol,
      injection of 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine 2 or 6 days later resulted in a
      larger increase in oral behaviors and a more prolonged period of focused
      sterotypy than in saline-pretreated controls. This increased sensitivity to
      amphetamine is consistent with the effects of a chronic haloperidol-induced
      increase in dopamine receptor sensitivity. In contrast, long-term treatment with
      either d-amphetamine or clozapine produced complex changes in the multiphasic
      behavioral response to amphetamine, which cannot be explained solely by a shift
      in the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6813900
TI  - The presence of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine in CSF of chloropromazine-treated
      patients.
AB  - 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine (7-OHCPZ) has been identified and quantified in CSF from
      chlorpromazine (CPZ)-treated schizophrenic patients. The level of the metabolite
      in CSF was similar to that of CPZ. In serum the amount of 7-OHCPZ was about 30%
      of CPZ. The concentration of 7-OHCPZ in csf was positively and significantly
      correlated to the serum level.

PMID- 6813901
TI  - Attenuation by haloperidol of place preference conditioning using food
      reinforcement.
AB  - The place preference conditioning paradigm was used to examine the reinforcing
      properties of food in hungry rats. Availability of food in one of two distinctive
      environments increased the amount of time they spent in the environment
      associated with food in a test when the animals were no longer food deprived and
      neither environment contained food. Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.1 or 0.2
      mg/kg) during the conditioning phase blocked the establishment of place
      preference even though the animals consumed the food in the drugged state. The
      results are interpreted as demonstrating a role for dopamine-containing neurons
      in mediating the reinforcing properties of food.

PMID- 6813903
TI  - Lithium treatment regimen and renal water handling: the significance of dosage
      pattern and tablet type examined through comparison of results from two clinics
      with different treatment regimens.
AB  - For many year two Danish psychiatric hospitals having used different lithium
      treatment regimens. In one, slow-release tablets were given in two daily doses
      and, in the other conventional tablets were given in a single daily dose. In both
      hospitals many patients developed polyuria. Multiple regression analyses with
      sex, age, treatment duration, serum lithium concentration, and treatment regimen
      as predictor variables showed that the two treatment regimens did not affect the
      glomerular filtration rate or the proximal reabsorption differently, but that
      distal water reabsorption was significantly less affected and polyuria less
      pronounced in the patients given conventional tablets once daily than in those
      give slow-release tablets twice daily. The authors are divided among themselves
      as regards the implications of these findings.

PMID- 6813902
TI  - Reaction time performance as a function of cigarette smoking procedure.
AB  - Laboratory studies examining the effects of cigarette smoking on behaviour have
      routinely employed a variety of standardized smoking procedures. This study
      examined whether reaction time performance after smoking varied as a function of
      the cigarette smoking procedure employed. Twelve regular smokers were tested on a
      reaction time task after smoking on three different occasions. In each session,
      they smoked by one of the three following procedures: (1) ad libitum smoking of
      their own cigarette; (2) ad libitum smoking of a standard cigarette; (3) smoking
      a standard cigarette with a prescribed puff pattern. The results show that
      reaction time performance was significantly faster after smoking under the latter
      two conditions relative to the subjects' performance after ad libitum smoking of
      their own cigarette. These findings illustrate that experimental requirements
      which are commonly imposed upon subjects may affect the results obtained.

PMID- 6813905
TI  - Cell survival in rat rhabodomyosarcoma tumors irradiated in vivo with extended
      peak silicon ions.

PMID- 6813904
TI  - [The use of D-3-mercaptovaline in the immunoelectrophoretic diagnosis of
      macroglobulinemias].

PMID- 6813906
TI  - The limitations of current neutron therapy equipment.

PMID- 6813907
TI  - [Choice of electron energy for telecentric pendulum radiation].

PMID- 6813908
TI  - A double-junction technique for total central nervous system irradiation with a 4
      MV accelerator.
AB  - An analysis is presented of a double-junction technique for the treatment of the
      complete central nervous system using orthogonal brain and spine ports from a 4
      MV linear accelerator with a lead flattening filter. Experimental results are
      compared with calculated results in the junction zone. This study shows that
      clinically homogeneous doses (+/- 6%) can be delivered to the total central
      nervous system, provided that the irradiation of the junction zone is terminated
      about 10% sooner than irradiation of the rest of the brain and cord. The number
      of reduced fractions to be delivered in this region can be determined from the
      results of scatter dose calculations.

PMID- 6813909
TI  - Clinical merit of simulation images generated from CT.

PMID- 6813910
TI  - The efficacy of cancer follow-up.

PMID- 6813911
TI  - Depletion of dopamine in the striatum as an experimental model of Parkinsonism:
      direct effects and adaptive mechanisms.

PMID- 6813912
TI  - [Ultraviolet light-sensitive mutants and radiomimetic substance-sensitive mutants
      of cultured mammalian cells].

PMID- 6813914
TI  - [Bacteria isolated from the environment of the traumatic-orthopedic hospital
      departments].

PMID- 6813913
TI  - Treating the drug abuser.

PMID- 6813915
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6813916
TI  - [ABO and RH-HR blood-group systems in acute and chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 6813917
TI  - [Use of the stable isotopes in life science (V). 13C determination with infrared
      absorption spectrometry].

PMID- 6813918
TI  - [Behavior of substrains of Trypanosoma cruzi in vertebrate and invertebrate
      hosts].

PMID- 6813919
TI  - [Behavior of blood-stream trypomastigotes of substrains of Trypanosoma cruzi
      intravenously inoculated in normal and immune mice].

PMID- 6813920
TI  - [Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: research at the maternity unit of
      the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Santiago].

PMID- 6813921
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition and "hypermetabolic" acute renal failure].

PMID- 6813923
TI  - [Development of parenteral nutrition in the "Hospital da Beneficencia
      Portuguesa"].

PMID- 6813922
TI  - [Myeloma with intermittent secretion. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 6813924
TI  - [Evaluation of the radiologic protection of the public: the case of the treatment
      of radioactive effluents of a water-pressurized nuclear reaction in normal
      operation].

PMID- 6813925
TI  - [Flow of fresh gas in the Bain circuit under controlled respiration].

PMID- 6813926
TI  - [A case of unilateral and lesional mu rhythm--clinical and encephalographic
      development].
AB  - One case of a strictly unilateral left rolandic mu rhythm, revealing a metastatic
      tumor of the concerned region, is reported. The clinical feature consisted of
      partial Jacksonian motor seizures involving the upper limb and the face on the
      right side. As the tumoral process extended, the mu rhythm turned into a 6 c/sec
      theta rhythm, similarly located and reactive, then into a larger and more active
      slow focus. This focus transistorily decreased under X-ray treatment. The
      particular aspects of this observation are discussed in the light of the
      literature data.

PMID- 6813927
TI  - [Biclonal paraproteinemia: macroglobulinemia-myeloma].

PMID- 6813928
TI  - [On the centenary of the birth of Carlos Chagas].

PMID- 6813929
TI  - Surface membrane components of Theileria spp piroplasms and associated complement
      fixation activity.
AB  - Theileria parva (parva) piroplasms were examined for complement fixation (CF)
      activity with sera from cattle immune to T parva (parva) (Muguga). The piroplasms
      were found to be highly antigenic, and the antigens responsible for this CF
      reactivity were completely insoluble in aqueous media. The antigens were traced
      through a variety of fractionation procedures and the fractions examined by
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium docedyl sulphate. Antigenically active
      preparations were found always to contain two polypeptides having molecular
      weights of 21,500 and 34,000. When intact piroplasms were surface labelled with
      iodine 125 these same two polypeptides were the most heavily labelled, which
      suggested that the antigens responsible for the CF reactivity were plasma
      membrane bound. Electrophoretic analysis of fractions containing plasma membrane
      components from piroplasms of three species of Theileria (T parva [parva], T
      mutans and T taurotragi) enabled interspecific differentiation to be made. Three
      stocks of T parva (parva) could not be differentiated by this means; such
      different stocks, from various locations within East Africa, appeared to be
      identical chemically.

PMID- 6813930
TI  - Calcium mobilisation in hypomagnesaemic cattle.
AB  - Intravenous infusions of EDTA solution (4.7 per cent w/v) were used to induce
      hypocalcaemia in six steers and six non-pregnant lactating Friesian cows, once
      when they were normomagnesaemic and once when they were hypomagnesaemic (less
      than 0.85 mmol Mg per litre) and their rates of calcium mobilisation have been
      measured. The mean rates of calcium mobilisation by the normo- and
      hypomagnesaemic steers were 0.32 mmol/min and 0.21 mmol/min respectively (P less
      than 0.005) and the mean calcium mobilisation rates of the cows were 0.41
      mmol/min and 0.26 mmol/min respectively (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that
      hypomagnesaemia reduced the calcium mobilisation rate in both steers and non
      pregnant lactating cows.

PMID- 6813931
TI  - Resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics in enterococci from
      the intestines of animals.
AB  - Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (MLS) resistant strains were found
      among enterococci isolated from caeca of poultry, pigs and cattle. The percentage
      of MLS resistance among the poultry strains was 70 per cent. The Streptococcus
      faecium strains were more susceptible than the other enterococcal strains to
      virginiamycin, a member of the streptogramin class of antibiotics. This was due
      to higher susceptibility of the S faecium strains to the virginiamycin component
      M which belongs to the streptogramin group A antibiotics. Ability to inactivate
      clindamycin, an antibiotic of the lincosamide class of antibiotics, was noted in
      an unclassified group D streptococcus strain isolated from a pig.

PMID- 6813933
TI  - [Bone marrow aplasia and ABO and RHo(D) blood groups].

PMID- 6813932
TI  - Autonomic regulation of cardiopulmonary functions in sleep apnea syndrome and
      narcolepsy.
AB  - Thirteen patients with sleep apnea syndrome, nine with narcolepsy, and age
      matched controls were studied to evaluate possible impairment of autonomic
      nervous control of cardiovascular and pulmonary function. The sleep apnea group
      had subnormal increases in heart rate and blood flow in the resting arm upon
      muscle contraction, although they were higher than seen in the narcolepsy group.
      Some sleep apnea patients had marked bradycardia in response to a dive reflex
      test. Other cardiovascular results did not differ from controls. Some sleep apnea
      patients had low ventilatory response to CO2. One had abnormal spirometry, two
      had enlarged tonsils, and five were snorers. The narcolepsy group had subnormal
      heart rate, blood pressure, and forearm blood flow responses to muscle
      contraction, subnormal respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and subnormal heart rate
      response to the Valsalva maneuver. Ventilatory function was normal. Thus,
      narcolepsy is associated with attenuation of some cardiovascular reflexes. The
      impairment is probably of central origin. The causative factor for the sleep
      apnea syndrome is probably also in the central nervous system rather than in the
      pulmonary or upper airway region. Great interindividual variations in the sleep
      apnea group point to a more multifactorial etiology. Thus, the two conditions of
      increased sleepiness are associated with autonomic dysfunction, but the
      differences in autonomic abnormalities reinforce that sleep apnea and narcolepsy,
      also in this respect, represent different clinical entities.

PMID- 6813934
TI  - A study on the reproducibility of a stable, lyophilized reagent for the
      Chagas'disease hemagglutination test: proposals for quality control analysis.

PMID- 6813935
TI  - Contact hypersensitivity to DNFB in Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice.

PMID- 6813936
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient treated with gold salts and benoxaprofen.
AB  - Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis is described in a patient, treated concurrently
      with sodium aurothiomalate and benoxaprofen, who had previously had these two
      drugs separately, with only minor mucocutaneous problems while on gold, and no
      adverse effects from benoxaprofen. It is suggested that benoxaprofen could act
      synergistically with gold, resulting in enhancement of mucocutaneous side
      effects, which are common to both these drugs.

PMID- 6813937
TI  - [Sexuality changes in a hemodialysis patient with hyperprolactinemia: therapeutic
      possibilities].

PMID- 6813938
TI  - [Non-familial benign chorea].

PMID- 6813939
TI  - [Vascular pathology of the spinal cord. I. Anatomo-physiologic aspects].

PMID- 6813940
TI  - Regional EEG desynchronization induced through biofeedback in normal subjects.

PMID- 6813941
TI  - [Anthropometric methods in nutritional diagnosis. An example from the Brazilian
      northeast].

PMID- 6813942
TI  - Hormonal changes in catabolic patients during parenteral nutrition.
AB  - This study assesses the hormonal changes in 23 catabolic surgical patients during
      the three different regimens of parenteral nutrition: one with glucose, another
      with glucose and fat as energy sources, and a third one rich in amino acids.
      Before treatment, plasma insulin and cortisol concentrations, as well as daily
      urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids and catecholamines, were normal. Plasma
      growth hormone concentration was close to normal. Plasma testosterone and daily
      urinary excretion of 17-oxosteroids were decreased. The response of plasma
      cortisol concentration to glucagon was impaired but the responses of insulin and
      growth hormone were close to normal. During the glucose regimen plasma insulin
      increased by 270% and plasma testosterone by 60%. There was a 55% decrease in
      plasma growth hormone concentration and a 31% rise in plasma cortisol
      concentration. The lipid regimen enhanced plasma insulin by 120%. During the
      amino acid regimen plasma insulin concentration was 150% higher, but plasma
      growth hormone concentration 45% lower than initially. The glucose and amino acid
      regimens augmented the response of insulin to glucagon by 180 and 50%,
      respectively, but decreased that of growth hormone by 59 and 80%, respectively.
      The lipid programme caused no significant change in the hormonal response to
      glucagon.

PMID- 6813943
TI  - Paired observations of sulphate/uronic acid ratios in glycosaminoglycans of human
      dermis and urine.
AB  - Using methods which have been described earlier in detail [23] the
      sulphate/uronic acid molar ratio of glycosaminoglycans was determined in
      corresponding specimens of skin and urine obtained from 14 healthy adults. The
      method of dermis was provided with an electrophoretic separation that made it
      possible to determine the ratio of the sulphate subfraction without increasing
      the weight of the biopsies. The sulphate/uronic acid ratios were uninfluenced by
      age and were exactly equal in males and females whether measured in total
      glycosaminoglycans of dermis (0 X 51 +/- 0 X 11, means +/- SD), in the sulphated
      subfraction of dermal glycosaminoglycans (1 X 17 +/- 0 X 25) or in urinary
      glycosaminoglycans (0 X 96 +/- 0 X 15). The latter ratio was surprisingly high
      and the significance of this was discussed. Furthermore an inverse relationship
      between the urinary ratio and the ratio of sulphated glycosaminoglycans of dermis
      was found. However the exact nature of this relationship remains to be explained.
      The results demonstrate the applicability of a method that can be used on small
      biopsies without ethical obstacles and make it possible to discover pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 6813944
TI  - Interstitial fluid pressure in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours.
AB  - Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours was
      measured by micropuncture with sharpened glass capillaries (diameter 1-3 micron)
      and by the 'wick-in-needle' technique (WIN). IFP in the superficial layers of the
      tumours (depth less than 800 micron) was measured with micropuncture, while WIN
      was used for measurements in deeper areas. IFP in the superficial layers of the
      tumours was 2.4 mmHg (SD 2.4, n=19), while IFP in deeper layers increased with
      increasing tumour weight. Thus central IFP in tumours weighing more than 5.5 g
      was 16.0 mmHg (SD 4.8, n=10), with a maximum value of 23.3 mmHg. When related to
      tumour histopathology a significant correlation was found between high cellular
      differentiation (i.e. low degree of malignancy) and high interstitial fluid
      pressure only. The high IFP may be secondary to a high capillary protein
      premeability and/or a relatively insufficient lymphatic drainage. A further rise
      in IFP might result from ischaemic cell swelling and/or a continuous cell
      proliferation within a tissue of rather low compliance. Together or alone one or
      more of these factors could facilitate the development of a compartment syndrome
      with concomitant cell death and tissue necrosis.

PMID- 6813946
TI  - The extracellular fluid volume in normal man determined as the distribution
      volume of [51Cr] EDTA.
AB  - The precision of a simplified single injection method for determination of the
      distribution volume of [51Cr] EDTA, as an estimate of the extracellular fluid
      volume (ECV), was determined in 49 patients (17 men and 32 women, aged 19-75
      years) who had ECV determined twice with an interval of 1-5 days. The glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) can be determined by the same method. The total day-to-day
      variation (coefficient of variation) of ECV was 11.4% and that of GFR 4.5%. ECV
      differed significantly between men and women so that ECV on average was 14% (P
      less than 0.001) and 7% (P less than 0.05) higher in men than in women for the
      same body weight and body surface area, respectively. Regression equations of ECV
      on body weight and body surface area in 44 normal men and in 40 normal women are
      presented.

PMID- 6813945
TI  - Microvascular pressures in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours.
AB  - Microvascular pressures have been measured in the superficial layers of DMBA
      induced mammary tumours in rats. The vessels were punctured with glass
      micropipettes (tip diameter 1-3 micron), and pressure measured with a modified
      Wiederhielm servo-controlled counter-pressure technique. After measurement the
      microvascular tree in some tumours was visualized by silicone rubber injections.
      The mean arteriolar pressures were 44.5 and 38.9 mmHg in arterioles with
      diameters of 46-80 and 15-45 micron respectively. Mean capillary pressure was
      23.8 mmHg, while mean pressures of 13.3 and 9.7 mmHg were obtained in vennules of
      15-45 and 46-100 micron respectively. The 'local perfusion pressure' (arteriolar
      pressure minus venous pressure, where the local venous pressure almost equals the
      tissue pressure) in central areas of tumours of more than 5.5 g can be calculated
      to be maximally one half of that in skin. This may well contribute to tumour
      hypoxia and subsequent necrosis.

PMID- 6813948
TI  - Determination of interdependent ligand effects on human red cell oxygen affinity.
AB  - Human whole blood oxygen affinity was determined as P50, i.e. PO2 for oxygen
      saturation (SO2) = 0.5, in a new system which allows the measurement of SO2, PO2
      and pH continuously and independently, with control of PCO2 and temperature. The
      influence of pH on P50 expressed as the H+ factor (delta log P50/delta pH)PCO2
      was measured under conditions of varying PCO2, temperature and concentration of
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), resulting in a set of data expressing second
      order inter-ligand interactions. The H+ factor appeared to be only slightly
      dependent on PCO2. Similarly, the CO2 factor (delta log P50/delta log PCO2)pH
      shows only a minor dependence on pH. The H+ factor in linearly related to the
      temperature: at 17 degrees C and 42 degrees C the H+ factor is about -0.53 and 
      0.36, respectively. Likewise, the temperature factor (delta log P50/delta
      T)PCO2,pH is linearly related to pH. A pilot study on the effect of varying intra
      erythrocytic 2,3-DPG concentrations on the oxygen affinity showed that a very low
      2,3-DPH/Hb4 ratio apparently does not influence the H+ factor. A high ratio,
      however, seems to lower the H+ factor considerably.

PMID- 6813947
TI  - Plasma fibronectin concentration in normal subjects.
AB  - The plasma concentration of fibronectin was determined in 374 normal subjects,
      newborn to 85 years of age, by quantitative electroimmunoassay. The plasma
      fibronectin concentration was higher in males than in females and the
      concentration increased with age. No day to day or diurnal variation was found.
      Different stabilizers of blood did not influence the results.

PMID- 6813949
TI  - Diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA). Quantification of
      antigen by diffusion over an antibody-coated surface.
AB  - The diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) has previously
      been used for quantification of antibodies. In the present study, using bovine
      serum albumin as antigen and a corresponding rabbit antiserum as antibody source,
      the DIG-ELISA principle was used for quantification of antigen. Antibodies were
      immobilized on a plastic surface, over which the antigen was allowed to diffuse
      in an agarose gel. The antigen-antibody reaction zones were then detected by
      binding of an enzyme-labelled antibody directed against the antigen. The enzyme
      substrate reaction, yielding a coloured reaction product, was visualized in a
      substrate-containing gel. The density and quality of immobilized antibody on the
      surface was found to be critical. Reproducible results were obtained only when
      antibodies purified with affinity chromatography on immobilized antigen were
      used. After 46 h of diffusion the diameter of the reaction zones was directly
      proportional to the logarithm of the antigen concentration in the range 0.4 mg/1
      1 g/1. The variability of the method (CV) was 3%.

PMID- 6813950
TI  - Reduction of plasma renin substrate after parturition; role of renin.
AB  - Plasma renin substrate concentration, renin activity, serum sex hormone binding
      globulin and total protein concentration were measured sequentially in 10 women
      after elective caesarean section. Plasma renin substrate concentration decreased
      from 5406 +/- 000 micrograms AI/l (mean +/- SD) at term to 2369 +/- 726
      micrograms AI/l 6 days post partum. Plasma renin activity decreased from 6.2 +/-
      3.3 micrograms AI/l/h at term to 4.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms AI/l/h 6 days after
      delivery. Serum sex hormone binding globulin decreased more slowly than plasma
      renin substrate concentration. Clearance of plasma renin substrate based on
      plasma renin activity was calculated. This consumption by renin could explain
      only 12% of the decrement in plasma renin substrate concentration at the steepest
      part of the plasma renin substrate disappearance curve. It is concluded that
      metabolic clearance of plasma renin substrate may be much greater than that
      calculated from plasma renin activity.

PMID- 6813951
TI  - Monomeric (7S) IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Monomeric (7S) IgM was measured in 25 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and
      25 age- and sex-matched controls by simple double immunodiffusion in the
      polyacrylamide gel. 7S IgM was detected in a quarter of the patients and in none
      of the controls. The presence of 7S IgM was related to the elevation of total IgM
      as measured by radial immunodiffusion techniques. Patients with 7S IgM had
      significantly higher levels of cryoglobulins and immune complexes in their sera
      than 7S IgM-negative patients. In addition, serum alkaline phosphatase
      concentrations were more elevated in the 7S IgM-positive patients than in the 7S
      IgM-negative patients, reflecting more extensive bile duct damage. The presence
      of monomeric (7S) IgM and other differences in the IgM molecule may be
      significant for the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 6813952
TI  - Morphological fatty changes and function of the liver, serum free fatty acids,
      and triglycerides during parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Morphological fatty changes and function of the liver and serum free fatty acids
      and triglycerides were investigated in 37 catabolic patients (22 men, 15 women)
      given different parenteral nutrition regimens. In the glucose group energy was
      supplied as carbohydrate alone, in the lipid group as carbohydrates and fats, and
      in addition both groups received amino acids. In the amino acid group amino acids
      were given in excess and less energy was supplied as carbohydrates. Each patient
      served as his own control. During parenteral nutrition liver steatosis rose from
      5% to 35% (p less than 0.001) in the glucose group and from 7% to 23% (p less
      than 0.01) in the amino acid group, but no increase occurred in the lipid group.
      Liver fat accumulation was associated with the rises in serum aminotransferase
      activities and with the lack of or a poor rise in serum prothrombin and
      proconvertin. The conjugation function of the liver was not disturbed. No
      cholestatis was found. During lipid infusion serum free fatty acids increased to
      4.41 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) and serum triglycerides to 3.06 mmol/l (p less
      than 0.01), but they decreased to normal range 12 h after lipid infusion was
      stopped. In the glucose and amino acid groups serum free fatty acid levels fell,
      as expected, below the normal range. Serum triglycerides rose 1.4-fold (p less
      than 0.05) in the amino acid group. On the basis of liver tests and histological
      examination steatosis in the liver caused only a minor disturbance in
      hepatocellular integrity. The very high levels of serum free fatty acids and
      triglycerides during lipid infusion may be harmful in certain pathological
      states.

PMID- 6813953
TI  - Mortality after acute hepatitis type A, B, and non-A non-B in 981 patients
      followed up for up to 10 years.
AB  - During 0-10 years of follow-up of 981 patients who had had biopsy-verified and
      serologically classified acute hepatitis, 50 died, which is 35 more than expected
      according to Danish mortality statistics. Four out of 284 with hepatitis type A
      died (expected, 1.8), and none of the deaths were due to liver disease or showed
      liver affection at autopsy. Out of 555 patients with hepatitis type B, 33 died
      (expected, 8.8); 1 died of subacute liver atrophy, and autopsy revealed cirrhosis
      in 2 who died of other causes. In the group of 142 with hepatitis type non-A non
      B, 13 died (expected, 4.5); 5 had cirrhosis at autopsy, but death was caused by
      the liver disease only in 2 cases. The three liver deaths occurred among non
      addicts (no. = 618), of whom 28 died (expected, 13.2). The drug addicts had a
      very high mortality, mainly owing to poisoning. This study suggests that during
      the first 10 years after acute hepatitis the mortality is slightly increased by
      the disease when of type B or non-A, non-B.

PMID- 6813954
TI  - Estimation of 14C-triolein assimilation as a test of lipid assimilation. Breath
      test or measurement of serum radioactivity?
AB  - Two tests of lipid assimilation based on estimation of 14C-triolein assimilation
      from expiratory 14CO2 (breath test) and from serum radioactivity of 14C,
      respectively, were investigated in 48 consecutive patients suspected of having
      malassimilation. Patients with proven malassimilation had significantly lower
      expiration of 14CO2 and lower serum radioactivity of 14C than patients with
      normal lipid assimilation. The se-14C test correctly diagnosed significantly more
      patients with malassimilation than the breath test; the diagnostic efficiencies
      were 0.87 and 0.74, respectively. The results of both tests correlated with
      measurement of faecal fat. However, within the group of patients with proven
      malassimilation the results of the breath test correlated poorly with faecal fat,
      whereas a significant correlation was found between the se-14C test and faecal
      fat within this group. Correspondingly, the correlation between the results of
      the breath test and the se-14C test was poor, indicating that intermediate
      metabolism influences the results.

PMID- 6813955
TI  - Regulation of gastric secretion in the chicken.

PMID- 6813956
TI  - Absorption of short-chain fatty acids from the human colon measured by the 14CO2
      breath test.
AB  - The absorption and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been
      studied in 31 patients. Physiological amounts (7.5 mmol) of (1-14C)-labeled
      acetic, propionic, and butyric acid and (2-14C)-labeled propionic acid were
      instilled into the cecum and ascending part of the colon during colonoscopy, and
      the metabolism of acids to CO2 was measured for 24 h by the 14CO2 breath test.
      During the first 6 h the cumulative output of 14CO2 from the (1-14C)-labeled
      acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were (median and range) 50% (46%-56%), 50%
      (43%-56%), and 63% (58%-73%) and during 24 h 55% (50%-63%), 58% (46%-60%), and
      70% (63%-83%), respectively, of the instilled dose. The elimination patterns of
      the (1-14C)-labeled acids were rather similar, although butyric acid was
      eliminated to a somewhat greater extent than acetic and propionic acid (p less
      than or equal to 0.01). (2-14C)-labeled propionic acid was eliminated more slowly
      than (1-14C)-labeled propionic acid, with a cumulative output of 37% (30%-39%)
      after 6 h (p less than 0.01), but reached the same value after 24 h, 54% (47%
      60%). In agreement with findings in other species, humans have a great capacity
      for uptake and metabolism of SCFAs formed in the colon.

PMID- 6813957
TI  - Brush border and lysosomal marker enzyme profiles in duodenal mucosa from coeliac
      patients before and after organ culture.
AB  - Five brush border and 2 lysosomal enzymes were measured in duodenal tissue
      explants from 21 children and young adults (16 coeliac and 5 non-coeliac) before
      and after organ culture. Reduced activity of brush border enzymes and increased
      activity of lysosomal enzymes were recorded in flat mucosas from coeliac patients
      compared with remission coeliac explants and biopsy specimens from non-coeliac
      controls. Slightly increased activity of alkaline phosphate and sucrase was
      recorded during culture (24 h) of coeliac explants. Coeliac specimens in the
      exacerbation state showed increased activity of acid phosphatase after culture in
      the presence of gluten, whereas gluten did not provoke detectable alterations in
      brush border enzyme activities during culture unless the wet weight of material
      was 1.5 mg or more. In such explants lower activity of brush border enzymes was
      measured after in vitro gluten exposure than after culture on gluten-free medium.
      Mucus removed from the specimen surface after culture contained considerable
      amounts of brush border enzymes and reflected the variations in the tissue
      homogenates. Culture media contained smaller quantities of enzymes.

PMID- 6813958
TI  - Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on insulin- induced gastric H+ and pepsin
      secretion and serum group I pepsinogens.
AB  - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on serum group I pepsinogens (PG I),
      gastric H+, and pepsin secretion was studied in 11 duodenal ulcer patients before
      and 30 days after a proximal gastric vagotomy. The hypoglycemia elicited a
      significant increase in all the three variables preoperatively but in none of
      them postoperatively. This suggests that the preoperative increase in serum PG I
      must be mediated by the vagal nerves. Four of the 11 patients had an incomplete
      vagotomy by the method of Hollander. Serum PG I did not show any rising tendency
      in these patients postoperatively. It seems that serum PG I is a less sensitive
      indicator of the "completeness" of vagotomy than gastric H+ output. The serum PG
      I response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia can accordingly not be used as a
      clinical test for completeness of vagotomy.

PMID- 6813959
TI  - Nocturnal gastric secretion following treatment with trimipramine (Surmontil).
AB  - The study was conducted double blind in 12 healthy volunteers, average age 30
      years (23-48). On separate days they were allocated at random to either two
      tablets of Trimipramine, 25 mg each, or two tablets of Placebo, one and a half
      hours before introduction of a Levine tube into the stomach. The volunteers had
      on the day of starting the experiment performed their normal duties, and consumed
      the last meal, the dinner, at 5 pm. The gastric juice was collected continuously
      in half hour samples from 11 pm until 7 am the next morning. The average recovery
      was 87% in 4 tested experiments. The volume of gastric juice was 448 ml/8 h for
      the series receiving Placebo compared to 418 ml/8 h for those treated with
      Trimipramine (Table 1). During the first half hour a relative high volume was
      aspirated, whereas in the following 3 half hours portions the volume decreased to
      a fairly stable level of about 15-23 ml. A significant lower volume was observed
      in the Trimipramine treated series in some of the morning portions. A significant
      lower concentration and output of HCl was found during the middle of the night
      and in some morning portions in the subjects given Trimipramine. Similarly the
      concentration and output of pepsin were lower in the Trimipramine series than in
      the Placebo treated subjects.

PMID- 6813961
TI  - The production and availability of tissue thromboplastin in cellular populations
      of whole blood exposed to various concentrations of endotoxin. An assay for
      detection of endotoxin.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to determine the type and availability of the
      procoagulant activities generated in blood incubated with endotoxin. The
      shortening of the recalcification time of blood incubated with endotoxin was
      directly correlated with the increase in synthesis of tissue thromboplastin in
      the monocytes. The procoagulant activity which resulted in the shortening of the
      clotting time was shown to be almost totally blocked by tissue thromboplastin
      antibodies. Thus, no additional procoagulant activity was generated in platelets
      during the 5 h incubation of blood with endotoxin. However, lysed platelets
      enhanced the synthesis of tissue thromboplastin in blood monocytes in the
      presence of endotoxin. Lysed red blood cells or granulocytes had no such effect.
      In endotoxin stimulated monocytes the main part of the newly synthesized tissue
      thromboplastin appeared to be exposed on the cellular surface. Thus, only 25% of
      the tissue thromboplastin activity was recovered when tissue thromboplastin
      antibodies had been present during the stimulation. Unstimulated monocytes were
      also found to possess tissue thromboplastin activity, but this low activity was
      not affected by tissue thromboplastin antibodies unless the monocytes were
      disrupted by sonication. The high percentage of tissue thromboplastin exposed on
      the surface of the endotoxin stimulated monocytes in whole blood may contribute
      significantly to the rapid induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation in
      gram negative sepsis.

PMID- 6813960
TI  - Further evaluation of an automated amidolytic factor X assay in monitoring anti
      vitamin K treatment.
AB  - A mechanized factor X assay was tested in 2222 plasma samples of patients being
      treated with oral anticoagulants. The correlation coefficient between this assay
      and Thrombotest was 0.78. The therapeutic range for factor X amidolytic activity
      was 150 to 300 units/l. Amidolytic factor X activity and Thrombotest provide
      similar information about the state of anticoagulation within the same patient,
      including patients that are not well balanced. The ranges for factors II, VII, IX
      and X clotting activity in 57 patients on long-term therapy (Thrombotest within
      the therapeutic range between 190 and 95 s) were 80-300, 70-600, 40-420 and 50
      330 units/l, respectively. The range for factor X amidolytic activity in this
      group of patients was 150-470 units/l.

PMID- 6813962
TI  - Animal models for the study of Chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract.
AB  - Various experimental animal models have been used for the study of chlamydial
      infections of the urogenital tract. Experimental urethral and vaginal inoculation
      of guinea pigs with the guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent provoke
      urogenital infection. Direct inoculation of this agent into the uterine horns of
      guinea pigs induced an acute self-limiting salpingitis. In cats, urethritis and
      vaginitis have been produced with the feline keratoconjunctivitis agent. The
      results obtained by using the grivet monkey as an animal model for the study of
      chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis
      is able to cause inflammation of the urethra, the spermatic cord, and the
      epididymis of male grivet monkeys. In female grivet monkeys, the organism can
      cause inflammation of the cervix, the endometrium, and the fallopian tubes. In
      some cases, tubal occlusion can be demonstrated several weeks after the
      inoculation.

PMID- 6813963
TI  - Urethritis in men.
AB  - This presentation provides an overview of urethritis in men, touching on its
      diagnosis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and treatment. In men
      presenting with signs and symptoms of urethritis, the importance of obtaining
      information as to the patient's sexual contacts is stressed. Methods for
      obtaining smears and culture samples are discussed, with special reference to the
      importance of differentiating between gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis
      (NGU). The entity postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) in most instances represents
      cases of NGU, coincidentally acquired with gonorrhea. NGU accounts for more than
      half of cases of urethritis in men in several countries. Chlamydia trachomatis is
      isolated significantly more often in men with NGU than in control groups.

PMID- 6813964
TI  - Jogging injuries: an overview.
AB  - Middle-aged persons who start physical training have a relatively high incidence
      of injuries. Most of these injuries are minor, but they often represent an
      important cause for dropout from training. This article reviews the most common
      injuries among beginners, with special reference to those arising during running.
      Most of these are "overuse" or stress injuries. The most important therapeutic
      principles for both acute injuries and stress injuries are outlined. Finally the
      most significant preventive measures against injury are discussed.

PMID- 6813965
TI  - [Reactivity of the respiratory tract in healthy humans and with beta-adrenergic
      blockade].
AB  - Airway resistance, FEV 1.0 and lung volumes were measured in 11 normal subjects
      before and after voluntary hyperventilation and after inhalation of salbutamol
      and hyperventilation. The measurements were repeated the following day two hours
      after taking 40 mg propranolol. Under propranolol there is only a minimal
      increase in inspiratory and expiratory resistance and no change in
      bronchoconstriction induced by hyperventilation, but the spasmolytic effect of
      salbutamol is reduced. Blockade of beta-receptors is without influence on airway
      irritability in subjects without bronchial asthma or chronic asthmatic
      bronchitis. Blockade of beta-receptors can however reduce the effect of beta-2
      receptor stimulants.

PMID- 6813966
TI  - [Effect of aflatoxin containing peanuts in animal feed on growth, the aminopyrine
      respiratory test and various clinico-chemical parameters in swine].

PMID- 6813967
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor with
      picomoles of antigen.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing
      factor (rGRF) have been produced by in vitro immunization of mouse spleen cells
      with less than 1 nanomole of rGRF in a partially purified preparation. Hybridoma
      supernatants were screened for anti-rGRF activity by use of a pituitary culture
      assay system that can detect growth hormone-releasing factor in the femtomole
      range. Such highly sensitive in vitro techniques permit the use of picomole
      quantities of an antigen in partially purified preparations for the isolation of
      monoclonal antibodies, which can in turn be used in biological studies and in
      immunochemical procedures for large-scale purification and isolation of that
      antigen.

PMID- 6813968
TI  - Neuromagnetic localization of epileptiform spike activity in the human brain.
AB  - Local paroxysmal discharges of epileptic tissue within the human brain, which may
      be electrically recorded as voltage spikes in the electroencephalogram, also
      generate extracranial magnetic fields. These fields were assessed by means of
      recently developed neuromagnetometric techniques. Surface measurements of
      magnetic spike field strength in the region of the focus appear sufficient to
      establish the location, depth, orientation, and polarity of currents underlying
      the paroxysmal discharge.

PMID- 6813969
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in preeclampsia and eclampsia.
AB  - 1. The lack of a general agreement on the definition of PE makes the
      interpretation of laboratory findings in different series of these patients
      difficult. 2. Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic abnormality in
      patients with PE and is caused by platelet consumption. 3. There is little
      concrete evidence that thrombin mediates the thrombocytopenia in most of these
      patients. 4. Immune mechanisms or severe vasospasm with resultant endothelial
      damage may contribute to the thrombocytopenia in some patients.

PMID- 6813970
TI  - Increased platelet destruction in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 6813971
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis in Singapore.

PMID- 6813972
TI  - Breast cancer screening. A study in cost-effectiveness analysis.
AB  - This paper identifies the long run average British National Health Service
      screening costs in one particular screening clinic for various different regimes:
      mammography, thermography and clinical examination; thermography and clinical
      examination; and mammography and clinical examination; each of these having one
      or two clinical examinations and the option of single or double reporting of
      mammograms and thermograms. It then compares the cost-effectiveness of these
      different regimes where 'costs' are defined widely to include not only screening
      costs but also biopsy costs, anxiety costs for women biopsied, costs of false
      negatives, etc. By defining costs in this way, it was possible (if somewhat
      tentatively because of the small numbers involved) to identify mammography with
      single reporting together with a single clinical examination as 'the best buy'.

PMID- 6813973
TI  - Fuzzy measurement of output. A problem of evaluation for health policy.

PMID- 6813974
TI  - Issues in studying ancillary services.
AB  - This paper examines several approaches to studying ancillary services usage. The
      likely generalizability of results provides one criterion for picking site, study
      population and conditions studied. Breaking up such an aggregate figure as mean
      annual ancillary services charges per patient into its component parts helps
      identify the different contributors to high cost practice patterns. Potential
      differences in case mix are noted as providing the most severe threat to
      interpreting variation in ancillary services use across practitioners and
      practice settings. Strategies for dealing with case mix problems include:
      focusing on specific diseases and specific specialities, stratifying within
      diagnostic categories, using multiple comparisons and multivariate analysis,
      pairing of visits and episodes and applying small area techniques.

PMID- 6813975
TI  - [Limitation of the size of a myocardial infarct by using nitroprusside,
      nitroglycerin, propranolol and mannitol].

PMID- 6813977
TI  - [Experience with Blackburn's method of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6813976
TI  - [Use of polyamine in treating protein deficiency].

PMID- 6813978
TI  - Bactericidal activity of ethambutol against extracellular Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis and bacilli phagocytized by human alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 6813979
TI  - The problems of diagnosis and treatment of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in
      developing countries.

PMID- 6813980
TI  - Detection of circulating antigen in patients with rhinosporidiosis.
AB  - A study was undertaken to demonstrate antibodies or antigen in the serum or
      plasma of 69 patients with rhinosporidiosis. These patients were divided into
      three groups, depending upon the duration of their illness. In 14 (46.7%) of 30
      patients with 1-3 years of infection with R. seeberi, 18 (78.3%) of 23 patients
      with 4-9 years of infection and 16 (100%) of 16 patients with 10 or more years of
      infection, apparent rhinosporidial antigen was found in their serum or plasma by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). No antibodies could be demonstrated, by
      immunodiffusion (ID) or by CIE, in the serum or plasma of the 69 patients. CIE
      was more sensitive for the detection of precipitating antigen than ID.

PMID- 6813981
TI  - Induction of supermelanin synthesis and morphological changes in interspecific
      reconstituted cells and its reversal by tumor promoter.
AB  - Chloramphenicol-resistant (CAPr) reconstituted cells and cybrids were isolated by
      fusion of karyoplasts (or intact cells) of mouse amelanotic melanoma B16 cells
      with cytoplasts of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) 
      deficient, CAPr rat myoblastic cells, L6TG.CAPr, and double selection in HAT
      medium containing CAP. Reconstituted cells or cybrids exhibited unique cellular
      arrangement, and about one third of the isolated clones expressed high tyrosinase
      activity and marked melanin synthesis, although the parental mouse cells
      expressed low tyrosinase activity and the parental rat cells did not express
      tyrosinase activity. These phenotypic changes have been stable for more than a
      year. The phenotypic reversions of these clonal cells were induced by treatment
      with a tumor promoter. There were changes in the morphology of the treated cells
      to that of the mouse B16 cells and extinction of tyrosinase activity and melanin
      synthesis in pigmented clonal cells. These phenotypic changes and reversions
      induced by a promoter were repeatedly reversible.

PMID- 6813983
TI  - [Occupational nursing and profitability].

PMID- 6813982
TI  - Pancreatic protein secretion and gastrointestinal hormone release in response to
      parenteral amino acids and lipid in dogs.
AB  - Parenteral nutrition has been advocated for and used in clinical situations in
      which provision of calories without stimulation of pancreatic secretion is
      desired. A recent report, however, provided evidence for substantial stimulation
      of pancreatic secretion after parenteral administration of amino acids and fat.
      We have studied the effect of intravenous administration of crystalline amino
      acids and lipid on pancreatic protein secretion and release of gastrointestinal
      hormones in five dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas. The amino acids were
      given as a 4.25% solution in 5% glucose at 2 gm/hr. Parenteral fat was
      administered as Intralipid 10% at 3.5 ml/kg/hr. Plasma concentrations of
      cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and serum concentrations of
      gastrin, measured by radioimmunoassay, were determined before, and at intervals
      during, infusion of amino acids and fat. Pancreatic juice was collected
      simultaneously with blood sampling, and volume and protein output were measured.
      Basal concentrations of CCK, PP, and gastrin were not affected by intravenous
      infusion of amino acids. Pancreatic protein secretion and volume were also
      unaffected by parenteral amino acids. Parenteral infusion of fat resulted in a
      significant inhibition of integrated gastrin release but had no effect on plasma
      concentrations or integrated release of CCK or PP. Neither the volume nor protein
      output of pancreatic secretion was affected by intravenous fat administration. In
      summary, no stimulation of pancreatic secretion or release of CCK, PP, or gastrin
      occurred as a result of parenteral amino acid or fat administration. There is,
      therefore, no contraindication to the use of parenteral nutrition in situations
      in which it is desirable to keep the pancreas at rest.

PMID- 6813984
TI  - [Case of macroglobulinemic lymphosarcoma].

PMID- 6813985
TI  - [Terminal stage of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses (clinico-morphologic and
      immunologic characteristics)].

PMID- 6813986
TI  - Low incidence of rifampicin-resistant tubercle bacilli.
AB  - In a six-year survey 10(0.15%) of 6849 patients with European names and 31 (1.0%)
      of 3079 patients with non-European names yielded cultures of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis that were resistant to rifampicin. Only two of each group had
      organisms resistant to rifampicin alone. Resistance to one or more other
      antituberculous drugs was found in eight of the European and 29 of the non
      European group. Two patients in each group were known to have received treatment
      for the first time in the United Kingdom; 17 of the non-Europeans were known to
      have been treated abroad; precise information was not available for the other 12.
      The overall six-year incidence of patients with rifampicin-resistant M
      tuberculosis was only 0.41%. The very low incidence among Europeans is probably
      the result of stricter regimens than are possible in some other areas.

PMID- 6813987
TI  - Rigid bronchoscopy under intravenous general anaesthesia with oxygen Venturi
      ventilation.
AB  - In a study of 100 patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy under intravenous
      general anaesthesia with oxygen Venturi ventilation no major complications were
      observed. Minor complications included one adverse reaction to alphaxalone
      alphadolone acetate (Althesin), one prolonged episode of laryngeal spasm after
      removal of the bronchoscope, and subsequent muscle pain attributed to
      suxamethonium in 36 patients. The last complication occurred significantly less
      frequently (p less than 0 . 025) in those patients who were pretreated with a
      small dose of a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent. Serial arterial
      blood gas sampling in 10 patients showed adequate ventilation during
      bronchoscopy, but carbon dioxide retention developed in nine cases immediately
      after the bronchoscope was withdrawn. With adequate precautions, however, the
      procedure is safe and well tolerated, even in patients with severe impairment of
      respiratory function.

PMID- 6813988
TI  - International Committee communications. Report of the Subcommittee on Animal
      Models of Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases.

PMID- 6813989
TI  - The assay of porcine factor VIII.

PMID- 6813990
TI  - The recovery of platelet malondialdehyde production after a single intake of
      aspirin--the effect of dosage.
AB  - We studied the recovery pattern of platelet malondialdehyde (MDA) formation after
      a single intake of various doses of aspirin (ASA). In normal subjects, there were
      striking differences in the recovery pattern between large doses (1,000 or 500
      mg) and small doses (100 or 50 mg) of oral ASA. The 2 day lag phase was present
      in the large dose group which showed the complete inhibition of the circulating
      platelets 2 hr after oral ASA but not in the small dose group which showed the
      incomplete inhibition. The difference of recovery time between these two groups
      was about 2 days. These data suggest that ASA's effect on megakaryocytes might
      affect the recovery pattern of MDA formation by the circulating platelets. In 2
      patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, the 2 day lag phase
      was not observed in the recovery even after a large ASA dose.

PMID- 6813991
TI  - Kinetics of the reaction between urokinase and an inhibitor of fibrinolysis from
      placental tissue.
AB  - The interaction of urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31) and a protein proteinase inhibitor of
      fibrinolysis partially purified from placental tissue, which inhibits urokinase
      but not plasmin, was investigated. The preparations of the inhibitor contained no
      other known proteinase inhibitors. It was found that a 1:1 complex is formed and
      that the reaction proceeds as a second order, one step process, the association
      rate constant of which is 4.5 10(6) M-1 S-1 at pH 8.4, 37 degrees C and 3.0 10(6)
      M-1 S-1 at pH 7.3, 37 degrees C. The binding is very tight, the dissociation
      constant of the inhibitor-urokinase complex was estimated to be Ki less than or
      equal to 10(-11) M.

PMID- 6813993
TI  - "Lupus" anticoagulant and thrombosis--possible role of inhibition of prostacyclin
      formation.
AB  - A "lupus" anticoagulant was discovered in 14 patients over a one year period.
      Only three of them had systemic lupus erythematosus. Bleeding manifestations were
      only present in one patient with concomitant severe thrombocytopenia. In
      contrast, eight patients had a history of thrombosis; five of them presented
      repeated thrombotic episodes. Obstetrical complications (recurrent abortion,
      fetal death, or intrauterine growth retardation) were observed in six patients.
      An inhibitory effect of plasma on the production of prostacyclin by vascular
      tissue was detected in eight patients, six of whom had thrombosis. We suggest
      that inhibition of prostacyclin formation could play a major role in the
      pathogenesis of thrombosis and obstetrical problems in some patients with this
      type of anticoagulant, even in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6813992
TI  - Factor XII and other hemostatic protein abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome
      patients.
AB  - Factor XII clotting activities and antigen levels were assayed in 14 plasma
      samples from 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome; the group was heterogeneous
      clinically and histologically. Factor XII was low at initial sampling in 7 of the
      10 patients; in 7 of the 14 samples, factor XII antigen was in excess over
      clotting activity. Inhibition of factor XII could not be demonstrated; excess
      plasma antigen and urinary antigen (when present) had normal patterns on crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis, indicating no major changes in charge or size. In 3
      patients tested more than once, plasma levels of factor XII were increased up to
      6fold in steroid-induced remission. Of other hemostatic factors assessed for
      comparison, factor VIII was elevated in 11 of the 14 samples; eight of these had
      elevated factor VII levels as well. Eight samples from six patients showed low
      antithrombin III levels; one of these patients had recurrent thromboses.
      Antithrombin III levels correlated with the serum albumin concentration. Only two
      of the eight urines tested had detectable factor XII antigen; a third had factor
      IX and prothrombin and no factor XII. Plasminogen and antithrombin III were
      readily demonstrated in all urine samples with higher concentrations in those
      patients with less selective proteinuria. Urinary and plasma levels were not
      correlated, suggesting that increased consumption or turnover was not simply
      related to increased filtration.

PMID- 6813994
TI  - Factor VIII fractionation on aminohexyl Sepharose with possible reduction in
      hepatitis B antigen.
AB  - The method of factor VIII purification by chromatography on aminohexyl Sepharose
      has been extended so that up to 100 ml of intermediate purity concentrate can be
      processed on an 8.6 ml column. The product has a specific activity of 1.8
      International Units of factor VIII per mg of protein. Most of the fibrinogen is
      removed and antibodies to blood group substances A and B are not detectable by
      haemagglutination techniques. Hepatitis B antigen has been reduced to one
      sixteenth of that in the starting material, in preliminary experiments. The
      process has the added advantage that it concentrates the factor VIII relative to
      the starting material.

PMID- 6813995
TI  - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by ethanol in vitro shows specificity for
      aggregating agent used and is influenced by platelet lipid composition.
AB  - Ethanol at physiologically tolerable concentrations inhibited platelet
      aggregation in vitro in a relatively specific way, which may be influenced by
      platelet membrane lipid composition. Aggregation to collagen, calcium ionophore
      A23187 and thrombin (low doses) were often markedly inhibited by ethanol,
      adrenaline and ADP responses were little affected, and aggregation to exogenous
      arachidonic acid was actually potentiated by ethanol. Aggregation to collagen,
      thrombin and A23187 was inhibited more by ethanol in platelets enriched with
      saturated fatty acids than in those enriched with unsaturated fats. Platelets
      enriched with cholesterol showed increased sensitivity to ADP, arachidonate and
      adrenaline but this increase in cholesterol content did not appear to influence
      the inhibition by ethanol of platelet responses. The results suggest that ethanol
      may inhibit aggregation by an effect on membrane fluidity and/or calcium
      mobilization resulting in decreased activity of a membrane-bound phospholipase.

PMID- 6813996
TI  - Correlation between noradrenaline fluxes, metabolism and compartmentalisation in
      human platelets.
AB  - (3H) noradrenaline was taken up by human platelets and partially converted into
      sulfoconjugated noradrenaline. This uptake was inhibited by drugs which have been
      previously shown to impair the uptake of 5-HT (ouabain, chlorimipramine) or the
      storage of 5-HT (tyramine, reserpine) by platelets. In addition, tyramine and
      reserpine stimulated the formation of sulfoconjugated noradrenaline. The efflux
      of noradrenaline from platelets was measured in parallel and was found to be
      directly related to the proportion of non metabolized to metabolized
      noradrenaline in the cells. Unlike tyramine, which induced a similar release of
      noradrenaline and 5-HT, reserpine was less effective at inducing noradrenaline
      release than 5-HT release. This study indicates a preferential localization of
      noradrenaline in the granular pool of human platelets with the existence of an
      extragranular sulfoconjugated pool which is increased when the granular storage
      of noradrenaline is impaired. Studies of noradrenaline fluxes and metabolism may
      be useful in the understanding of both acquired and inherited platelet storage
      pool defects.

PMID- 6813997
TI  - Aspirin ingestion in primary thrombocythemia.

PMID- 6813999
TI  - Response of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to intranasal DDAVP in healthy
      subjects and mild haemophiliacs (with observations in patients with combined
      deficiency of factors V and VIII).
AB  - The effect of a single standard dose of intranasal DDAVP (260 micrograms) was
      investigated in healthy subjects and in patients with mild deficiencies of
      VIII:C. Changes in FVIII/VWF activities were measured from baseline after 30, 60,
      120 and 360 min of administration of the drug. Intranasal DDAVP was followed by a
      two-fold increase of VIII:C in both groups studied. VIIIR:AG and VIIIR:RCo
      increased to a lesser extent. Even though FVIII/VWF activities reached their
      maximum after 60-120 min, a significant increase over baseline was still observed
      after 360 min. The rise of VIII:C was unrelated to the body weight of the
      patients and was proportional to the baseline levels of this factor. In two
      sisters with combined deficiencies of FV/FVIII, the responses in all activities
      of FVIII/VWF were similar to those seen in mild hemophiliacs. Factor V did not
      undergo any variation. No alteration in serum osmolarity and no consistent
      variation in blood pressure or pulse rate were noted. It is concluded that the
      i.n. administration of a single high dose of DDAVP might be adopted to provide an
      emergency aid in bleeding patients with mild to moderate haemophilia A and to
      yield higher VIII:C levels in blood donors.

PMID- 6814000
TI  - Homo- and heterogeneous forms of human factor VIII.
AB  - In order to determine the molecular size of human F VIII as found in fresh plasma
      and as found in fresh-frozen plasma and in cryoprecipitate and to study the
      relationship of the factor-related properties, namely F VIII:C, F VIIR:Rcof and F
      VIIIR:Ag to F VIII, the factor's elution pattern on Sephacryl 1000 was
      investigated. When fresh plasma was chromatographed on this gel, F VIII eluted in
      a single sharp peak with all three F VIII-related activities appearing in the
      separation range of the gel column. The molecular weight of F VIII was calculated
      to be higher than 8 X 10(5). When fresh-frozen plasma was chromatographed on this
      gel, the elution pattern was identical to that of fresh plasma with the single
      exception that in several samples F VIII eluted in a broader peak tailing to
      higher molecular forms. When cryoglobulin fraction of fresh-frozen plasma was
      chromatographed, F VIII showed distinct heterogenicity in the elution pattern
      with respect to molecular size and relationship to the F VIII-related properties.
      Chelation of the endogenous plasma Ca-ions by citrate was found to have no
      influence on the factor's elution pattern.

PMID- 6814001
TI  - Stability of von Willebrand factor in blood stored at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 6813998
TI  - Opposite effect of lysine on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonate and by
      other aggregants.

PMID- 6814002
TI  - A study of hemostasis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease: IV. A five year follow
      up of some blood coagulation parameters also including fibrinopeptide A, factor
      XII and prekallikrein.
AB  - Twenty-seven young adults (mean age 46) with ischemic cerebrovascular disease
      (ICD) were reinvestigated about 5 years after discharge and compared to 67
      healthy controls. Factor VIII related antigen was again found significantly (p
      less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001) increased in male as well as female
      patients and a significant (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001) correlation was found
      with earlier data. Factor VIII biological activity was again found increased,
      significantly (p less than 0.001) in males. In contrast to earlier results
      antithrombin antigen and activity were significantly (p less than 0.001)
      decreased in males. This finding and decreased levels of factor XII in female
      patients (p less than 0.001) and of prekallikrein in male patients (p less than
      0.01) could reflect disturbed regulatory functions or possibly constitutional
      differences. As in most subjects no increase of fibrinopeptide A was found, there
      was no sign of continuous activation of the whole coagulation sequence. Since
      hemostatic abnormalities were unrelated to acute phase reacting proteins they
      were obviously of a different nature than unspecific response to tissue damage
      and acute stress. High levels of factor VIII and low levels of antithrombin imply
      that the coagulation system could be more easily activated when other factors
      coincide, e.g. intimal lesions in carotide arteries.

PMID- 6814003
TI  - The influence of calcium ions on the conformation of fibrinogen fragment D: the
      use of chemical cross-linking agents.
AB  - Fibrinogen fragment D prepared in the presence of calcium ions (fragment D[Ca++])
      shows qualitatively similar cross-linking patterns with dimethyl suberimidate,
      dimethyl adipimidate and tetranitromethane. Fragment D prepared in the presence
      of EDTA (fragment D[EDTA]) gives a consistently different pattern with these
      reagents. In the case of fragment D[EDTA] there is much more intermolecular cross
      linking suggesting that the loss of the C-terminus of the gamma-chain remnant
      results in fragment D adopting a more open conformation. Neither the addition of
      2M urea nor EDTA to fragment D[Ca++] alters its cross-linking pattern suggesting
      that the proposed conformational change follows cleavage of a plasmin susceptible
      bond which is normally protected by the presence of calcium ions.

PMID- 6814004
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2
      production in flowing aortic blood in the rat studied with a filter loop
      technique.
AB  - A method of measuring in vivo platelet function using a filter loop technique has
      been used to study platelet aggregation in response to Adenosine Diphosphate
      (ADP) and Sodium Arachidonate infusion in flowing aortic blood in the rat. ADP
      infusion produced reversible platelet aggregation in vivo with no change in
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels whereas sodium arachidonate infusion resulted in
      virtually irreversible aggregation with a rise in TXB2 levels. Oral
      Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) in doses of 1-100 mg/kg had no effect on ADP induced
      aggregation but prevented platelet aggregation in vivo induced by sodium
      arachidonate and the concomitant rise in TXB2 levels.

PMID- 6814005
TI  - Measurement of human factor IXa activity in an isolated factor X activation
      system.
AB  - To determine the functional properties of factor IX isolated from the plasma of
      CRM+ hemophilia B patients, an assay system using proteins isolated from human
      plasma had to be developed which would be amenable to kinetic studies under a
      variety of experimental conditions. The present study describes the activation of
      factor X by factor IXa, isolated from normal human plasma, in an assay system
      which allows manipulation of calcium, phospholipid and factor VIIIa
      concentrations. Initial rate measurements with factor VIIIa present in the system
      were made by incubating factor VIII with factor Xa immediately before factor IXa
      assay. With this approach, the initial rate of factor X activation was constant,
      with little evidence for a lag period. Within the framework of the assay system
      described in the present study, it should be possible to examine not only genetic
      variants of factor IX, but also variants of factor VIII, as well as providing a
      means of routine factor IXa and factor VIII(a) assays.

PMID- 6814006
TI  - The binding of plasminogen to fibrin: evidence for plasminogen-bridging.
AB  - The ability of plasminogen to cause precipitation of soluble fibrin oligomers has
      been observed and certain features of the phenomenon investigated. The process is
      mediated by the lysine-binding sites and it appears that at least two such sites
      are required. Studies using radiolabelled plasminogen revealed that the
      precipitated material contained fibrin and plasminogen in a 2:1 molar ratio.
      Further plasminogen molecules are able to bind to the aggregate. The clotting of
      fibrinogen in the presence of plasminogen was studied using nephelometry. An
      enhancement by plasminogen of both the rate of clotting and the opacity of the
      clot was demonstrated. It is proposed that these effects are explicable in terms
      of a plasminogen-bridging model, in which the zymogen binds divalently between
      two monomer units of forming polymeric fibrin.

PMID- 6814007
TI  - HLA haplotype study of 53 juvenile insulin-dependent diabetic (I.D.D.) families.
AB  - R4 heterozygotes was observed. By contrast, the observed frequency of patients
      homozygous for DR3 or DR4 was not increased, but even slightly decreased. The
      data support a model of inheritance comprising at least two closely linked
      specifically "diabetic" loci (most of the time marked by B18, BfF1, DR3 and B15,
      BfS, DR4) and a non-specifically "diabetic" haplotype favouring auto-immunisation
      (most of the time marked by B8, BfS, DR3). This model is discussed in the light
      of the presented data and of those of the literature.

PMID- 6814008
TI  - Association between HLA-DEn (Dw6.1) and DRw6 in the Japanese population.

PMID- 6814009
TI  - Strong association between an HLA-DR antigen and thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A group of 20 patients affected with thyroid carcinoma, all from Southern Italy,
      was typed for HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigens. Sixteen of them (80%) typed for
      DR1, while in the control group (120 unrelated healthy individuals from the same
      region) only 22 (18.3%) shared the same antigen (chi 2 = 32.96). The data
      indicate a highly significant association between the HLA-DR1 gene and the
      thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 6814010
TI  - HLA-D typing with homozygous cells identified in an American indigenous isolate.
      II. Family studies and D/DR relationship.
AB  - Twelve American Indian nuclear families with 2-5 siblings have been HLA-D typed
      using mixed lymphocyte cultures and clusters of homozygous typing cells (HTC) of
      Caucasoid origin to detect DW1-DW7 and typing cells of American Indian origin to
      detect LD5A, LD15A and LD15B antigens. Results obtained demonstrate complete
      absence of DW1-DW7 in these families and illustrate the inheritance and
      segregation of LD5A, LD15A and LD15B. DR typing results obtained with the 8th
      International Histocompatibility Workshop genetic set of antisera indicate
      inheritance in coupling of DR2 with LD5A, of DR6.2 (DR3+6, MT1 negative, MT2
      positive) with LD15A, and of DRW8 with LD15B. The existence of MLC activating
      antigen(s) different to DW4, yet associated to DRW4 in this population is
      postulated. The D/DR relationship present in this American Indian isolate
      demonstrate once more that DR2 can be inherited in combination with an HLA-D
      antigen different to DW2, and that LD15A HTC define a second sub-cluster of the
      broad DW6 specificity group, which is inherited with DRW6.2 and BW62 antigens in
      the Warao population.

PMID- 6814011
TI  - HLA antigens of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan.

PMID- 6814013
TI  - [Nitroglycerin and its administration forms].

PMID- 6814012
TI  - HLA-DR3 and idiopathic membranous nephritis (IMN) association.

PMID- 6814014
TI  - Studies of the molecular pathogenesis of hexane neuropathy. II. Evidence that
      pyrrole derivatization of lysyl residues leads to protein crosslinking.

PMID- 6814015
TI  - Induction studies on the functional heterogeneity of rat liver UDP
      glucuronosyltransferases.

PMID- 6814016
TI  - Characterization of house fly microsomal mixed function oxidases: inhibition by
      juvenile hormone i and piperonyl butoxide.
AB  - The microsomal mixed function oxidase system of the house fly (Musca domestica
      [L.]) was characterized with respect to N-demethylation of p-chloromethylaniline,
      O-demethylation of methoxyresorufin, epoxidation of aldrin and the formation of a
      metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex during oxidation of piperonyl butoxide (PB).
      The inhibition of these reactions by juvenile hormone I (E, E cis methyl 10,11
      epoxy-7-ethyl-3, 11-dimethyl-2, 6-tridecadienoate, JH-I) was competitive for the
      N-demethylase, epoxidase and the formation of the PB metabolite-complex. Non
      competitive inhibition was observed for the O-demethylase. The inhibition of
      these reactions by JH-I provides evidence that the mixed function oxidase system
      participates in the degradation of juvenile hormone, and that the juvenile
      hormone-like properties of PB and other methylenedioxyphenyl compounds are
      derived from their inhibition of this degradation. The PB metabolite-cytochrome P
      450 complex has 2 absorbance maxima in the reduced form (427 and 455 nm), and a
      single absorbance maximum in the oxidized form (438 nm). pH affected the
      extinction of the 427 and 455 nm absorbance bands. The pH equilibrium point was
      8.3 for the reduced PB metabolite complex, and 9.5 for ethylisocyanide. In
      addition, the PB metabolite complex could be generated in vivo.

PMID- 6814017
TI  - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in
      Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Female Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with P-KC-400, Y-PCB, PY-PCB or
      polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQ) received a daily dose of 5 mg for 20 weeks,
      and some monkeys received a daily dose of 10 mg of Y-PCB or 0.5 mg of PCQ. The
      chemical compositions of the polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) used for the oral
      administration were as follows: P-KC-400, PCB from which polychlorodibenzofurans
      (PCDF) have been removed from Kanecklor 400, largely contains tri- and
      tetrachlorobiphenyls and no PCDF. Whereas, Y-PCB and PY-PCB, PCB with
      constituents similar to PCB ingested by yusho patients, largely contain penta-
      and hexachlorobiphenyls, in addition, PCDF of 400 ppm was present only in Y-PCB,
      but not in PY-PCB. There were immunosuppression, enlargement and
      histopathological changes of the liver (such as interstitial inflammation, and
      proliferation of epithelial cells of biliary duct, etc.) in the groups fed P-KC
      400 and PY-PCB (free of PCDF). In the group fed Y-PCB (with PCDF), there were
      more apparent decreases in body weight, immunosuppression, fatty liver and
      histopathological changes than in the groups P-KC-400 and PY-PCB. In addition,
      there were hair loss, acneform eruptions, edema of the eyelid, congestion and
      abscess of the Meibomian gland, and cornifications of the skin, characteristic
      dermatological findings of yusho disease.

PMID- 6814018
TI  - Comparison of the toxins of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae with the
      Gonyaulax toxins.
AB  - A toxic strain of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (NH-1), isolated from a toxic bloom in
      a pond in Durham, New Hampshire, has been mass cultured in the laboratory. The
      toxin was extracted by ultrasonic disruption of the cells and purified by; (a)
      filtration through a 10 kilodalton filter, and (b) chromatography on a strong
      cation exchange resin column using 0.01 M, then 0.1 M, pH 5, sodium acetate
      buffer followed by 0.75 M hydrochloric acid. Mouse assays and fluorescence
      generated by hydrogen peroxide oxidation were used to monitor the fractions. Only
      a nonfluorescent toxic peak followed immediately by a fluorescent less-toxic peak
      were detected, both eluting with the hydrochloric acid fractions. The toxins were
      identical in behavior to neosaxitoxin and saxitoxin, respectively, when compared
      with elution profiles of the paralytic shellfish poisons from Gonyaulax
      tamarensis var. excavata and by paper electrophoretic and thin-layer
      chromatographic comparisons. The toxin profile appears to be different from that
      of a previously isolated strain of A. flos-aquae from Kezar Lake.

PMID- 6814019
TI  - Metabolism of 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl: tissue concentrations of methylsulphonyl
      2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl in germfree and conventional mice.
AB  - Whole-body autoradiography of 2,4',5-[14C]trichlorobiphenyl ([14C]triCB)
      indicated that, whereas there was accumulation of radioactivity in the
      tracheobronchial mucosa of conventional (C) mice 1-7 days after injection, no
      such effect was observed in germfree (GF) mice 1 day after injection. At days 4
      and 7 there was a low, but significant, uptake by the tracheobronchial mucosa of
      the GF mice. Chemical analysis showed that the concentrations of 4
      methylsulphonyl-triCB (4-MeSO2-triCB) in lung, kidney and liver 7 days after
      administration of triCB were 6.5, 14.7 and 3.7 times higher, respectively, in C
      than in GF mice. The results are interpreted as indicating the existence of a
      major metabolic route to triCB methyl sulphones involving the intestinal
      microflora, and a minor route, not requiring the flora.

PMID- 6814020
TI  - [Treatment with misonidazole and high voltage irradiation of xenotransplanted
      human carcinomas in nu/nu mice with thymic aplasia].
AB  - An investigation was conducted in order to determine the effect of combined high
      voltage irradiation and the sensitizing drug misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) on human
      gynecologic carcinomas transplanted into nu/nu mice with thymic aplasia. Two
      carcinomas of the endometrium, two carcinomas of the ovaries, and one carcinoma
      of the cervix were submitted to Co-60 irradiation with and without misonidazole.
      The tumor growth was compared to that of control groups. The dosage and
      fractionation of the high voltage irradiation (2 x 5 Gy/week, total dose 60 Gy)
      were adapted to clinical data. Misonidazole (1 mg/kg body weight) was
      administered by intraperitoneal injection 15 minutes before the irradiation.
      Compared with the control animals, the locally irradiated tumors showed a slower
      growth or even a regression. The administration of misonidazole, however, did not
      produce significant differences in our five cases. Some reasons for this absence
      of the radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6814021
TI  - The NORPLANT contraceptive method: a report on three years of use.

PMID- 6814022
TI  - Effect of total lymphoid irradiation on pancreatic islet xenografts survival in
      rats.

PMID- 6814023
TI  - Differentiation between Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli by their different
      complement sensitivity.
AB  - Four-day-old culture forms of T. cruzi strains (Col-83, Y, OPS-31, OPS-32, PF, V,
      P-60), T. cruzi-like strains (WA-301, CL, FL, MR, Castro Alves, Tehuantepec, P),
      T. rangeli strain V and T. rangeli-like strain DA 3412 were tested with the
      following sera: mouse, NMRI-HAN, germ-free; rat, Wistar HAN, germ-free; guinea
      pig, PBW:HAN, SPF; normal fresh guinea-pig, hen, rabbit and human sera, heat
      inactivated guinea-pig serum and normal fresh guinea-pig serum plus EDTA.
      Incubation of normal fresh guinea-pig, rabbit, rat and human sera lysed the
      epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and T. cruzi-like strains but not the culture
      forms of the T. rangeli and T. rangeli-like strains. Mouse serum did not lyse the
      culture forms of both trypanosome species while the hen serum lysed all culture
      forms of T. cruzi, T. cruzi-like as well as T. rangeli and T. rangeli-like. Using
      DEAE 52 cellulose it was possible to separate the metacyclic forms of T. cruzi
      and T. cruzi-like from the lysed epimastigote stages. A small number of
      epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and T. cruzi-like are lysis-resistant against
      normal fresh guinea-pig serum. Fresh normal guinea-pig, rat, rabbit and human
      sera can be used for the distinction between T. cruzi, T. cruzi-like and T.
      rangeli, T. rangeli-like.

PMID- 6814024
TI  - The effect of Lampit on Trypanosoma rangeli in experimentally infected mice.
AB  - Mice experimentally inoculated with metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma rangeli were
      given orally 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of Lampit on 20
      consecutive days. The results of combined examinations of fresh blood, Giemsa
      stained blood preparations, blood cultures, blood concentration, repeated
      xenodiagnosis with Rhodnius prolixus and blind passages via triatomine bites to
      other mice demonstrated that a dose of 50 to 100 mg/kg/day of the drug eliminated
      T. rangeli from the blood of all mice in the first seven days of treatment. In
      mice receiving 10 or 25 mg/kg/day of drug, 60% and 30% respectively still
      harboured trypanosomes 90 days after infection. The results indicate that Lampit
      is at least as effective against T. rangeli as it is against T. cruzi in mice.

PMID- 6814025
TI  - Curative effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on fatal Trypanosoma congolense
      infection in mice.
AB  - The curative effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on fatal T.
      congolense infection in mice was investigated using various concentrations
      administered orally in drinking water. Permanent cure was achieved in mice
      receiving 4% for 3 days or 2% for 5 days. Mice receiving less became parasitemic
      again but then, without any further treatment, resisted death due to trypanosomes
      for an average of 34.5 days, while untreated controls were dead within 8 days
      after trypanosomes were first seen in their blood.

PMID- 6814026
TI  - [Frequency of mutagen-induced sister chromatid exchanges in the course of 3 cell
      cycles].
AB  - The induction of SCE by fotrine (0.125 and 0.250 microgram/ml) and
      thiophosphamide (5 micrograms/ml) during the first three cell cycles was studied
      in the Chinese hamster cells. No increase in the SCE number was observed after
      treatment with thiophosphamide and fotrine at the G2 stage (the first stage from
      the moment of fixation) as compared with the control variants. The maximal
      sensitivity of the cells to the SCE induction by the mutagens is marked at the G1
      stage of the first cell cycle before the moment of fixation. The level of SCE
      remains approximately the same in the second cell cycle before the moment of
      fixation (20-32 h) and decreased down to the control level at the G1 stage of the
      third cell cycle (48-52 h).

PMID- 6814027
TI  - [Calcium-containing granules in frog bladder cells exposed to ionophore A-23187
      and antidiuretic hormone].
AB  - Granules of granular cells of the frog bladder epithelium are shown concentrated
      near the apical cell membrane. The electron density of these granules is getting
      intensified after addition of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and ionophore A23187.
      The intracellular localization of granules depends on the site of ionophore
      application--to the apical or basal membrane. The vacuolization of granular cells
      increases with the rising of water flow under the influence of ADH or ionophore
      A23187.

PMID- 6814028
TI  - [Effect of different levels of carbonic acid on glutamate dehydrogenase
      activity].
AB  - The initial rate of direct and reverse reactions catalyzed by crystalline NAD(P)+
      dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from bovine liver as well as Km, V and some
      other kinetic parameters were studied as affected by carbonic acid in different
      concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 mM) at p Hof the incubation media 6.4-9.1. It
      is shown that the dependence of the initial rate on pH both of the direct and
      reverse reactions varies with the carbonic acid concentration. In the pH alkaline
      range the glutamate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited in the presence of a
      mixture of HCO3 and pCO2 (soluble carbonic acid) and in the acid range pH it has
      a tendency to increase. The pKb value lowers by an order and the pKa value
      remains practically unchanged. The interaction of pCO2 with E-amino group of the
      lysin residue in the enzyme molecule accompanied by formation of carbamate is
      supposed to be possible. The bicarbonate ion may also affect the enzyme.

PMID- 6814029
TI  - [Kinetics of the phosphorylase reaction under conditions of substrate
      inactivation].
AB  - Electrophoretically homogenous glycogenphosphorylase b was isolated from the
      Dasyatis pastinaca muscular tissue. The kinetic peculiarities of phosphorylase
      reaction in time were studied. It is found that the reaction rate substrate
      concentration real dependences are not described by the Michaelis equation. The
      fact of the irreversible inactivation of phosphorylase in the process of
      catalytic reaction is observed. It is supposed that this fact is mechanical
      destruction in the process of substrate splitting rather than thermoinactivation
      of the enzyme or its inhibition.

PMID- 6814030
TI  - [Ontogenic properties of peptidohydrolase activity in tissue extracts from
      Drosophila melanogaster].
AB  - The paper deals with the activity of peptidohydrolases splitting hemoglobin,
      casein and benzoylarginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) in the ontogenesis of
      Drosophila mutant white apricot (wa). The enzymic activity is high in the
      intestine tissue at the larval stage, but it does not manifest itself at the
      pupal stage that may be due to inactivation of the studied enzymes by inhibitors
      found in extracts of the pupal tissues. The imaginal period of development is
      characterized by a low level of the peptidohydrolase activity in females and its
      absence in males in whose tissues there is a high content of inhibitors. The
      peptidohydrolase activity in extracts of larval tissues is established to be
      dependent completely on the enzyme being in the intestinal wall. Incomplete
      purification of this peptidohydrolase and its inhibitor is performed by means of
      ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Some of their physicochemical
      properties are investigated.

PMID- 6814031
TI  - [The cost-effectiveness of the serological screening of blood donors for syphilis
      in Denmark].

PMID- 6814034
TI  - [Congenital and infant cataracts: II--Etiologic classification in a review of 115
      cases].

PMID- 6814033
TI  - [Polychlorated biphenyls in human milk, cow's milk and dietary products].

PMID- 6814032
TI  - [Treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis].

PMID- 6814035
TI  - [Health insurance in Quebec: objectives of the medical profession and of society.
      3. Controlling increases in expenditures].

PMID- 6814038
TI  - [Differences in susceptibility of cows, in half-sisters by the same sire to
      mastitis].
AB  - The set of 9,555 cows, Bohemian Spotted breed, was studied if the sires
      contributed significantly to higher resistance, or on the contrary to
      susceptibility, of daughters to mastitis. The study was performed in 67 groups of
      half-sisters. Statistically highly significant (P less than 0.01) and significant
      (P less than 0.05) differences were proved as regards the frequency of
      bacteriologically positive and negative half-sisters in 36 groups as compared
      with the frequency ratio of positive and negative animals in the population. The
      daughters of 20 sires were more influenced in the positive sense, i. e. they
      suffered from mastitis less frequently than the daughters of 16 sires with a
      higher occurrence of the disease.

PMID- 6814036
TI  - The bacteriuria in long-stay geriatric inpatients with an indwelling catheter.
AB  - Long-stay geriatric inpatients with an indwelling urinary catheter are harassed
      by foul-smelling urine, urine leakage, and frequent catheter blockages. It is
      reasonable to assume that catheter-induced bacteriuria plays an essential role in
      the catheter problems of these patients. An attempt to reduce the catheter
      induced bacteriuria was made by the introduction of a latex catheter coated with
      a layer of copper metal. The antibacterial properties of the copper-coated
      catheters studied were, however, insufficient, probably due to too small amount
      of copper on the catheter. The copper layer was dissolved from the catheter in a
      few days. The effective time of copper treatment thus became too short.

PMID- 6814037
TI  - A resin-pulverizing procedure for scanning electron microscopy of rumen ciliates
      (protozoa: Ciliophora).

PMID- 6814039
TI  - [Heritability in the incidence of rudimentary teats in milk cows of the Bohemian
      spotted breed].
AB  - The set of 2,230 dairy cows was studied for genotype influence on the occurrence
      of rudimentary teats in the dairy cows of Bohemian Spotted breed. In the studied
      population 57.62% cows had rudimentary teats. Out of this percentage, 45.23% of
      animals had only one small teat, 50.43% cows had two small teats and 4.34% had
      more than two rudimentary teats. The estimation of rudimentary teat heritability
      was carried out by the method of daughter regression to dams in 185 pairs. The
      calculated heritability coefficient was medium high (h2 = 0.56 +/- 0.15). As
      found out further, the dams having rudimentary teats had by 20% higher proportion
      of daughters with rudimentary teats than the dams without rudimentary teats. This
      relationship is statistically highly significant. The interrelationship between
      the dams and daughters as to the occurrence of one or two rudimentary teats was
      statistically insignificant. By means of the analysis of variance in the groups
      of half-sisters after 49 sires (the average number of animals per group amounted
      to 45), the intracorrelation coefficient was determined and used for the
      calculation of the heritability coefficient h2 = 0.26 +/- 0.07.

PMID- 6814040
TI  - [Cryptosporidiosis in calves during the period of milk nutrition].
AB  - It has been found out by examining faeces of 83 calves from calf house in
      Uhercice (Breclav district) that 52 calves excreted coccidium oocysts, genus
      Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907, during the period of milk nutrition. The calves
      excreted oocysts from the eighth day of age, and at the end of the milk nutrition
      period (43rd-47th ridium Tyzzer, 1907, during the period of milk nutrition. The
      calves excreted oocysts of cryptosporidia were found in two thirds of calves
      suffering from diarrheas. By histological examination of a 27-day-old calf,
      developmental stages of this coccidium were found on the surface of villus
      epithelium in the distal part of ileum. Villi were shortened and expanded,
      submucous connective tissue was penetrated by inflammatory infiltrate with large
      quantity of eosinophil granulocytes. For demonstration of oocysts in faeces,
      Breza flotation method combined with sedimentation and staining by modified
      Giemsa panoptic method were used.

PMID- 6814041
TI  - [The incidence of flukes of the genus Paramphistomum in Czechoslovakia].
AB  - An effort was made to evaluate objectively all findings on the variability of
      fluke of the family Paramphistomatidae and to give a clear survey on the species
      occurring in this country in order to be able to control it successfully in the
      case of widespread occurrence of paramphistomatosis or its intermediate hosts.
      The individual fluke species have specific intermediate hosts and a correct
      determination can make preventive measurements easier. Three species of rumen
      fluke live parasitically in the CSSR: Paramphistomum cervi, P. ichikawai and P.
      daubneyi. Findings indicated as P. scotiae (and/or Liorchis scotiae) from
      Slovakia should be evaluated as P. cervi. Also P. leydeni is identical with the
      species P. cervi. All three species live parasitically on game. Domestic
      ruminants are parasitized by P. cervi and P. ichikawai. P. cervi is the most
      widespread species in this territory and also in the whole Central Europe. P.
      daubney is very rare in this territory; it was found only in moufflon.

PMID- 6814042
TI  - [Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci and Moraxella bovis from infectious
      keratoconjunctivitis in lambs].
AB  - Out of 189 lambs in the flock, 25 animals suffered from bilateral or unilateral
      conjunctivitis, or keratoconjunctivitis. By serological examination (RVK),
      positive levels of antibodies to the group-specific antigen of Chl. psittaci were
      found in three out of six lambs examined by laboratory methods. Bacteriological
      examination of eye smears of six lambs showed in four cases the infection by
      microorganisms of Moraxella bovis. Smears from the conjunctivas of these lambs
      were after preparation instilled in the yolk sacs of six to seven days old
      chicken embryos. One strain of Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from the same
      material as Moraxella bovis.

PMID- 6814043
TI  - [The effect of the season of the year and the stage of pregnancy on selenium
      levels in the blood of sheep].
AB  - During one year selenium dynamics in the blood serum of 19 sheep was studied in
      relation to the degree of gravidity. Seasonal character of selenium dynamics with
      a positive reaction was demonstrated during the period of grazing, and a
      dependence of selenium serum concentration on the degree of gravidity was also
      proved; the highest mean value of selenium was recorded in ewes in the seventh
      month of gravidity (3.67 mumol.l-1). Delivery and onset of lactation reduced
      negatively selenium concentrations in the blood serum to the lowest selenium
      levels (2.15-1.89 mumol/l-1).

PMID- 6814044
TI  - Survey of the health and husbandry of small poultry flocks in Great Britain.
AB  - An investigation into the health and husbandry of 15 small poultry flocks was
      undertaken. Each flock was visited in July and a questionnaire on management
      practices and disease history was completed. The flocks were clinically examined
      and serological tests for Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M
      synoviae, M meleagridis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious
      bronchitis, eggdrop syndrome 76, adenoviruses and reoviruses were carried out.
      Oesophageal and cloacal swabs were cultured for mycoplasma and pullorum reactors
      were cultured. M gallisepticum, M synoviae, M meleagridis and M gallinarum
      infections were detected and serological reactions for all the viral diseases,
      except egg drop syndrome 76, were found. Evidence of Newcastle disease and
      pullorum disease was encountered. Lice were present in five flocks and mites in
      four flocks. Welfare standards varied.

PMID- 6814045
TI  - Secretory/excretory antigens produced by tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti
      defined by SDS--PAGE and HPLC.
AB  - Antigens derived from culture medium in which metacestodes of Mesocestoides corti
      Hoeppli, 1925, had been maintained were studied by sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE) and high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). By SDS--PAGE a minimum of 18 Coomassie-staining bands were
      discerned, of which 4 major bands and 4 major peaks by HPLC of similar molecular
      weights were observed. The HPLC eluate peaks were analyzed for antigenic activity
      in vitro by double diffusion in two dimensions, and in vivo in a rabbit. The
      rabbit had been artificially sensitized with a dialyzable leukocyte extract,
      showing transfer-factor-like activity, from peritoneal exudate cells removed from
      mice infected with tetrathyridia. All of the HPLC fractions reacted with rabbit
      antibody prepared against secretory/excretory antigens, but the sensitized rabbit
      responded only to two fractions. It is now possible by HPLC to fractionate
      complex antigens without denaturing them and to elucidate further the role they
      play during infection.

PMID- 6814046
TI  - [Demonstration of Newcastle disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay].
AB  - Investigations were carried out with regard to the application of the sensitive,
      rapid, and effective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the
      demonstration of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Used was the peroxydase
      marked immunoglobulin fraction of the anti-DV rabbit serum in the microconditions
      of the double-antibody method. The demonstration of the NDV was in a cultivation
      liquid of NDV-infected BHK21 cells. As control served intact cells as well as
      strains Roussev and La Sota of NDV pruified through ultracentrifugation on an
      isokinetic saccharose gradiend. It is stated that ELISA is much more sensitive
      than the hemagglutination test and the agar gel immunodiffusion test.

PMID- 6814047
TI  - [Dynamics of weight gain in calves fed with microalgae].
AB  - Studied was the effect of biomass of freshwater microalgae on the dynamics of the
      weight gain in calves. A total of ten test calves aged 10 days were treated three
      time subcutaneously at 15-day intervals with 5 cm3 each of a 10 per cent
      suspension of biomass of such algae. Higher gain was established on the 10th,
      25th, 40th, 60th, and 90th day after birth as compared to the 5 control calves.
      It was also found that the daily growth rate with the test animals was higher
      than the that of the control -- 112, 84, 87, and 62 g,-respectively, however, the
      difference proved statistically insignificant. Significant in this sense was the
      rise of the gain in the twice treated hypotrophic calves at 15-day interval as
      compared with the untreated animals. The total gain with the calves treated for
      30 days was 3.9 g higher than that with the control calves. The daily gain was
      837 +/- 23 g for the test animals and 707 +/- 13 g for the control animals.

PMID- 6814048
TI  - [Shock].

PMID- 6814049
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of respiratory complications].

PMID- 6814050
TI  - [Features of the lifestyle and feeding habits in the treatment and follow-up of
      patients with pulmonary tuberculosis associated with hypertension].

PMID- 6814051
TI  - [Non-sporulated anaerobic germs in pathology. Contribution of the clinical
      pathology laboratory in the detection and evaluation of sensitivity to
      antibiotics].

PMID- 6814052
TI  - [The importance of knowing health conditions in establishing work capacity upon
      starting work, and at continuing activity].

PMID- 6814053
TI  - [A study on specific female pathology in female foundry workers].

PMID- 6814055
TI  - [Neurophysiological basis of recuperation of handicapped patients with central
      nervous system diseases].

PMID- 6814056
TI  - [Special features in the care given by medicosanitary personnel in a pediatric
      outpatient clinic].

PMID- 6814054
TI  - [The first anti-malarial campaigns in Romania (St. Irimescu)].

PMID- 6814057
TI  - [The integration of problem children coming from inadequate family environments].

PMID- 6814058
TI  - [Prevention of air-borne contamination of instruments for parenteral treatment].

PMID- 6814059
TI  - [Considerations on the title of "nurse"].

PMID- 6814060
TI  - Recent approaches to fertility control based on derivative of LH-RH.

PMID- 6814061
TI  - [Determination of growth hormone response to thyreoliberin in the evaluation of
      lisuride therapy of acromegaly].

PMID- 6814062
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in patients after surgical procedures in the region of the
      hypophysis].

PMID- 6814063
TI  - [Efficacy of protein enteric feeding products in the treatment of patients with
      maxillofacial injuries].

PMID- 6814064
TI  - Erythrocyte autoantibodies, autoimmune haemolysis and pregnancy.
AB  - The clinical and serological records of 20 pregnant patients with erythrocyte
      autoantibodies were critically reviewed and analysed. This series, the largest
      reported, confirmed an association between erythrocyte autosensitization and
      pregnancy, and suggested that this occurred on an average of 1 in 50,000
      pregnancies. The clinical presentation varied from severe haemolytic anaemia to
      serological abnormalities discovered during the routine testing of well patients;
      overt haemolysis was present in 7 cases. Treatment was only necessary in 3
      patients where the haemolysis was severe. 3 infants were mildly affected with
      haemolytic disease due to the maternal autoantibodies crossing the placenta but
      no treatment was needed. The risks to the infant were increased when other active
      autoimmune conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) were present. With
      early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, outlook for mother and child is good.

PMID- 6814065
TI  - [Toxicological characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (a review of the
      foreign literature)].

PMID- 6814066
TI  - [Mycobacteria resistance in coniotuberculosis].

PMID- 6814068
TI  - [Viral non-A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6814067
TI  - [Use of Soviet-made agarose in serological reactions with viruses].

PMID- 6814069
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 6814070
TI  - The lowly diphtheriod: nondiphtheria corynebacterial infections in humans.

PMID- 6814072
TI  - [Systemic infection in surgical diseases with concomitant diabetes].

PMID- 6814071
TI  - The costs and risks of medical care: an annotated bibliography for clinicians and
      educators.
AB  - Understanding the costs and risks of medical care, as well as the benefits, is
      essential to good medical practice. The literature on this topic transcends
      disciplines, making it a challenge for clinicians and medical educators to
      compile information on costs and risks for use in patient care. This annotated
      bibliography presents summaries of pertinent references on (1) financial costs of
      care, (2) excessive use of medical services, (3) clinical risks of care, (4)
      decision analysis, (5) cost-benefit analyses, (6) factors affecting physician use
      of services and (7) strategies to improve physician ordering patterns.

PMID- 6814073
TI  - [Progress in the internist treatment of bladder tumors].
AB  - First prognostic factors which are relevant for the variable course of bladder
      carcinoma like histological grading, blood group antigens and multiplicity of
      bladder tumors are discussed. Furthermore, therapy and recidive prophylaxis of
      not infiltrating carcinoma by intravesical cytostatic chemotherapy are discussed.
      In contrast to Thiotepa, a substance which has now been used for 20 years by many
      oncologists and should not be used any more because of very frequent systemic
      toxicity and only variable effects against the tumor, Adriamycin, Mitomycin C and
      Epodyl reduce the frequency of recidives used as prophylactic therapy after
      transurethral resection. With these substances pronounced systemic toxicity has
      not been seen until now. Cisdiaminodichloroplatin is a cytostatic agent which is
      also effective used systemically in cases with generalized bladder carcinoma.
      Used in combination with Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide, remission rates could
      be increased to 80%. On the other hand toxicity is pronounced and the
      prolongation of survival times could not be proved until now as no results of
      controlled studies are available at this moment.

PMID- 6814075
TI  - Nutritional assessment in the elderly.

PMID- 6814074
TI  - Subcutaneous transposition of the spleen: pharmacokinetic study of the
      intrasplenic route.

PMID- 6814077
TI  - Variation of pituitary responsiveness to synthetic LH-RH and T-RH during
      different phases of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6814076
TI  - Routes of elimination of hexamethylmelamine and pentamethylmelamine in the rat.
AB  - 1. In the rat 40% of a dose of 25 mg/kg of hexamethylmelamine or
      pentamethylmelamine was excreted in the urine as metabolites, more than 95% of
      which were N2N4-dimethylmelamine and monomethylmelamine. 2. Biliary excretion of
      hexamethylmelamine or pentamethylmelamine and their N-demethylated metabolites
      accounted for less than 2% of the administered dose. Only 0 X 3% was excreted
      with the faeces, suggesting that there is intestinal reabsorption of a portion of
      the methylmelamines passing into the bile. 3. Conjugates of methylmelamines with
      glucuronic acid or sulphate were found only in minute quantities in the urine or
      bile of rats treated with hexamethylmelamine or pentamethylmelamine. However a
      conjugation product of pentamethylmelamine, of as yet unknown nature, is a major
      metabolite after pentamethylmelamine treatment.

PMID- 6814078
TI  - Effect of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole on lipid
      peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase, peroxidase and reductase in rat liver.

PMID- 6814079
TI  - [Acute disorders of the acid-base balance in the aged].

PMID- 6814080
TI  - [The effect of intermittent hydrogen chloride exposure on the lung function of
      the guinea pig].
AB  - 23 guinea pigs were exposed to 15 mg/m3 HCl gas 5 days/week, 2 hours daily, for 7
      weeks. 15 animals served as controls. From the 5th day of exposure, the following
      lung function parameters were evaluated in anaesthetised animals: VT, fR, minute
      volume, TGV, Vmax, R1, Rw, Rrs, Cl, Cw, Crs, delta Poes/VT, hemoglobin, SaO2,
      PaO2, PaCO2, pH, SBC, BE. These measurements showed no differences between HCl
      exposed animals and controls. Histological examination of the lungs revealed no
      changes which could be attributed to HCl-exposure. This study relates to the
      important question whether lung damage can be induced by industrially produced,
      intermittent high levels of HCl in the environment.

PMID- 6814081
TI  - [Transplantation of islands of Langerhans: inclusion of living cells into a
      polymer forming a net-like structure].
AB  - A two-component polyacrylic amide gel forming a net-like structure was built up
      on pancreatic cells. In such a way the transplanted cells could be protected from
      the damage by immune protein with big molecule. The method was tested in yeast
      cells before, human erythrocytes, and wether erythrocytes. It was shown that the
      polymerisation and the inclusion method do not influence essentially the vitality
      of the examined cells. It was demonstrated by means of the complement fixation
      reaction that the included erythrocytes cannot be damaged by the immune protein
      with big molecule. Metabolic processes of the included pancreas beta cells were
      provable by diffusion. The experiments promise that the included cells survive
      after the transplantation and the polyacrylic amide gel protects the cells from
      the impairing effect of the immune protein.

PMID- 6814082
TI  - [Use and practice success of autogenic training over a longer period of time].

PMID- 6814083
TI  - [Immunoassay using the hemoglobin pseudoperoxidase activity as indicator].

PMID- 6814084
TI  - [A method for determination of apolipoprotein A and B in serum and their age
      dependent reference ranges].

PMID- 6814085
TI  - Electromechanical coupling III. Estimation of the Ca storage capacity of the SR
      by analysing the time course of caffeine-induced tension transients of skinned
      muscle fibres.
AB  - The Ca uptake of the SR of a skinned fibre, which was studied with an indirect
      method, shows a biphasic time course. A total Ca concentration between 8 and 23
      mm was accumulated in the SR by an initial fast process (tau approximately equal
      to 4.7 s). This Ca-uptake activity of the SR is high enough to bring about
      relaxation of twitch contraction in vivo. The magnitude of a subsequent slow
      process (tau approximately equal to 10(3) s) indicates that the total Ca storage
      capacity of the SR of skeletal muscle is in the order of 60-75 mm.

PMID- 6814086
TI  - The possible use of Trypanosoma musculi infection in mice as a screening test for
      potential Trypanosoma cruzi-active drugs.
AB  - The ability of a range of trypanocidal drugs, including a number known to be
      active in Trypanosoma cruzi infections were tested against Trypanosoma musculi
      infections in the mouse. The ability of these drugs, particularly in their
      ability to eliminate the "cryptic phase" of T. musculi infections remaining in
      the kidneys, was investigated and their activity against this phase of T. musculi
      largely paralleled their known activity against T. cruzi infections. It is
      suggested that this could be used as a preliminary screening test for potential
      T. cruzi-active drugs.

PMID- 6814087
TI  - Sarcocystis tenella: a lectin in muscle cysts.

PMID- 6814088
TI  - Stereoscopical observations on the sarcosporidian cyst wall of Sarcocystis
      bovicanis.

PMID- 6814089
TI  - Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in relation to the timing of IgG
      humoral response.
AB  - The Biozzi "high" (BH) and "low" (BL) responder mice (Selection III) differed in
      their susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi. The BH strain responded quickly to the
      infection, similar to the reaction of (CBA X C57B1/10)F1 mice but in contrast to
      the susceptible BL strain. We suggest that the IgG response mounted by the host
      during the prepatent period of the infection is crucial to the outcome of the
      infection.

PMID- 6814090
TI  - Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis sp. from the muscle of a white-tailed deer
      (Odocoileus virginianus).
AB  - Sarcocystis sp. from the muscle of naturally infected white-tailed deer
      (Odocoileus virginianus) was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The
      primary cyst wall forms regularly spaced protrusions filled with electron-lucent
      ground substance; no fibrils are present in the protrusions. The cysts are
      divided by septa into compartments containing typical coccidian metrocytes and
      merozoites. Taxonomy of the protozoon from the white-tailed deer-dog is
      discussed.

PMID- 6814091
TI  - [Is acute therapy indicated in an isolated case of epilepsy?].

PMID- 6814092
TI  - [Long-term treatment of angina pectoris with natural remedies].

PMID- 6814093
TI  - [Immunoglobulin genes].

PMID- 6814094
TI  - [Changes in vaginal cytograms of female beagle dogs during toxicologic long-term
      examinations of gestagens].

PMID- 6814095
TI  - [Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis with intestinal involvement. Report on 2
      observations and review of the literature].

PMID- 6814097
TI  - [Inhibition of the reactivity of Coombs sera with IgG-sensitized human
      erythrocytes by protein A].

PMID- 6814096
TI  - [Hemostasis disturbances in experimental salmonellosis of rabbits].

PMID- 6814099
TI  - [Urethral diverticular calculus, A case report].

PMID- 6814098
TI  - [Male XX-syndrome].
AB  - Described in this paper is a patient, aged eleven years and eight months, with
      micropenis, dorsal prepuce, and rugous, partially bifid scrotum. FSH and LH
      values below normal were obtained from hormonal investigation. LH-RH stimulation
      was followed by retarded FSH response of moderate intensity, while the LH profile
      was moderately strong. Cytogenetic tests revealed the presence of 25 per cent of
      female sex chromatin. The karyotype was 46 XX. The patient did not have internal
      female genital organs, and his gonads were of testicular appearance.
      Histologically, both testicles exhibited tubules with primitive germinal cells
      and Sertoli cells. An inconspicuous number of Leydig cells was recorded from the
      interstitium.

PMID- 6814100
TI  - [Results of gonadotropin therapy in hypogonadotropic anovulation].
AB  - Combined FSH and HCG treatment was applied to patients in whom anovulation had
      been found to be the cause of sterility. Results were separately evaluated for
      patients in normal gonadotrophic conditions, on the one hand, and those in
      hypogonadotrophic conditions, on the other. They were compared with findings
      obtained from other groups between which no distinction had been possible due to
      the use of earlier methods for gonadotrophin determination. Lower RIA values for
      FSH or LH seemed to be more promising in terms of therapeutic success, with
      gravidity having been recorded from 44 per cent of hypogonadotrophic patients.
      The conclusion was drawn that prolactin-, FSH- or LH-RIA methods should be
      practicable for optimum treatment on a routine basis of patients with sterility
      due to anovulation. The data reported in this paper were derived from 54 patients
      in 117 therapeutic series.

PMID- 6814101
TI  - [Effects of airplane noise on production, reproduction and behavior of domestic
      animals].

PMID- 6814102
TI  - Multiple ovulation in the mare.

PMID- 6814103
TI  - [Suitability of capillary and venous blood for blood gas and acid-base status in
      nonsedated and anesthesized horses].

PMID- 6814105
TI  - Blood flow through the reproductive organs in the hen during the maturation
      period and egg-laying cycle.

PMID- 6814104
TI  - The effect of hyperammonaemia on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and
      adrenaline levels in sheep.

PMID- 6814106
TI  - [Histopathological study of the liver of Gallus gallus fed sweet lupine (L. albus
      var. multolupa) seeds].

PMID- 6814107
TI  - [Amino acid content in early weaned piglets of 4 and 11 kg live weight].

PMID- 6814108
TI  - Influence of hypothermia on utilization of nutrients by chickens.

PMID- 6814109
TI  - [Isolation and identification of various bitter peptides from erythrocyte
      concentrates].

PMID- 6814110
TI  - [Experimental studies on connective tissue metabolism in dogs under different
      management and feeding conditions, with special reference to endocardiosis].

PMID- 6814111
TI  - [Effect of selenium supplements on glutathione peroxidase activities in
      erythrocytes, plasma and liver of young and laying hens].

PMID- 6814113
TI  - [Vitamin D-like activities in calcinogenic plants].

PMID- 6814112
TI  - [Model study for the determination of retention following intramuscular
      administration of a crystalline suspension of diethylstilbestrol to fattening
      calves].

PMID- 6814114
TI  - [Uptake of nutrients from amniotic fluids; model studies with guinea pigs].

PMID- 6814115
TI  - [Electrolyte resorption in the isolated colon of lambs].

PMID- 6814116
TI  - [Phosphorus concentration in the saliva of calves and young cattle].

PMID- 6814117
TI  - [Serum protein picture in the hen. Comparative demonstration of serum proteins of
      normal and defective hens].

PMID- 6814118
TI  - [Relationship between urine color and urinary creatinine in dairy cows].

PMID- 6814119
TI  - Determination of prolactin in bovine blood by radioligand receptor assay and
      comparison with radioimmunological evaluation.

PMID- 6814120
TI  - [Critical comments on the problem of "energy turnover and body size" in animals].

PMID- 6814122
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism of deer (C. capreolus L.) in nitrogen deficiency].

PMID- 6814123
TI  - [Further development of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for progesterone and its
      application to blood, milk and saliva tests in cattle].

PMID- 6814124
TI  - [Continuous recording of motility and pulmonary respiration in the prenatal
      chicken].

PMID- 6814121
TI  - [Antibody isotypes following immunization of truly dysgammaglobulinemic UM-B 19
      hens].

PMID- 6814127
TI  - Age dependant variation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme levels in pigs.

PMID- 6814125
TI  - [Calculation of convertible protein energy in ureotelic and ammonotelic animals.
      A theoretical contribution].

PMID- 6814126
TI  - [Changes in the bacteriostatic activity of lactoferrin during lactation and
      following experimental infection of the udder with Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 6814128
TI  - [Uterine protein secretion during the preimplantation phase in superovulating
      gilts].

PMID- 6814129
TI  - A method for identifying the degree of differentiation of isolated ruminal
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 6814130
TI  - [Resistance testing of bacteria with firefly bioluminescence. A rapid test].

PMID- 6814131
TI  - [Concentration and distribution of glycogen in the brain following experimental
      cranio-cerebral injuries].
AB  - The amount and distribution of glycogen in the brain tissue in closed
      craniocerebral injury were studied by electron microscopy. It is shown that 24
      hours after the injury the number of glycogen granules in different areas of the
      brain, and especially in its stem, increases sharply. The glycogen granules are
      found in the cytoplasm of the neurones and their processes, in the synapses, and
      in the cytoplasm of the glial cells. The amount of glycogen reduced when the
      animals were given injections of agents stimulating the central nervous system
      (phenamine). In contrast, inhibition of the function of the central nervous
      system by injection of urethane and barbital caused an increase in the glycogen
      content. Under such conditions, the glycogen particles were predominantly
      localized in the processes of the perivascular astrocytes. The change in the
      glycogen content is associated with the effect of the craniocerebral injury and
      the different functions of the central nervous system on the activity of the
      enzyme gamma-amylase which is concerned with the hydrolysis of glycogen and the
      ultimate formation of glucose, the most important energy substrate of the brain.

PMID- 6814132
TI  - Effect of methylglucamine orotate on intracranial self-stimulation.
AB  - The effect of the memory improving substance methylglucamine orotate (MGO) on
      intracranial self-stimulation was investigated in rats. Self-stimulation (0.2 mn
      square pulses; 100 Hz frequency; 400 mn chain; 100-300 micro A current) was
      performed using electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus. MGO was administered
      intraperitoneally in doses of 112.5 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg or intraventricularly in
      a dose of 225 micrograms per rat. In chronic experiments, daily intraperitoneal
      injections of 225 mg/kg MGO were given during 10 days. The results show that
      intracranial self-stimulation is scarcely influenced by a single injection of
      retention improving MGO doses, but increased significantly by repeated MGO
      application.

PMID- 6814133
TI  - [Modified surgical solution to female urethral diverticulum].
AB  - Nine cases of female urethral diverticuli were successfully operated in the years
      between 1978 and 1980. The anatomic pathophysiology of female urethral
      diverticuli is discussed according to the currently accepted international and
      Hungarian terminology. A new modified surgical method is described and the
      possibilities opened by its adequate application are outlined. No postoperative
      urethrovaginal fistula has ever been observed. It is emphasized that the new
      surgical method can only be applied to large diverticuli with a narrow neck. In
      the interest of the patient co-operation between the urologist and gynaecologist
      is indispensable.

PMID- 6814135
TI  - Effects of a dopamine antagonist (metoclopramide) on the release of the
      adenohypophyseal hormones in amenorrhoeic patients with and without
      hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - To obtain insight into the role of endogenous dopamine (DA) on the
      adenohypophyseal hormones release in amenorrhoeic women, responses of the
      adenohypophyseal hormones to a DA antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP), were
      evaluated in 4 normal women, in 9 normoprolactinaemic-amenorrhoeic patients, and
      in 7 hyperprolactinaemic-amenorrhoeic patients. The hyperprolactinaemic
      amenorrhoeic patients were, in the majority, without a demonstrable microadenoma.
      Maximal net increase of prolactin (Prl) after MCP administration were lower (P
      less than 0.01) in hyperprolactinaemic patients compared with those seen in
      normal women or in normoprolactinaemic-amenorrhoeic patients. Administration of
      MCP resulted in significant elevation in serum FSH, LH and TSH in
      hyperprolactinaemic patients, but neither in normal women nor in
      normoprolactinaemic-amenorrhoeic patients. These findings suggest an increased
      dopaminergic inhibition of the release of TSH as well as FSH and LH in
      hyperprolactinaemic-amenorrhoeic patients.

PMID- 6814134
TI  - Effect of parenteral nutrition on the blood levels of insulin, glucagon, growth
      hormone, thyroid hormones and cortisol in catabolic patients.
AB  - The changes in plasma insulin (IRI) glucagon (IRG), IRI:IRG ration, growth
      hormone (HGH), cortisol and thyroid hormones during two different but isocaloric
      parenteral nutrition regimens were investigated in 11 malnourished patients and
      21 postoperative patients. The nutrition program which used glucose as a non
      nitrogen energy source favoured anabolism by a higher rise in plasma IRI and by a
      higher rise in the initially low plasma IRI:IRG ratio in both malnourished and
      postoperative patients more than the alimentation regimen with glucose and lipid.
      The glucose program augmented the IRI:IRG ratio to an average of 5.5 +/- 1.2
      (SEM) in malnourished patients and to 8.4+/-2.7 in postoperative patients. The
      corresponding values for the glucose-lipid program were 3.9+/- 1.0 and 1.9 +/-
      0.4. In malnourished patients the difference between the anabolic effect of these
      nutrition regimens was further increased by a fall in the plasma HGH level to 0.7
      +/- 0.3 microgram/l during fat infusion. Over a period of four days both
      alimentation programs similarly increased in the initially low serum T3 and free
      T3 index to the normal reference interval and decreased serum rT3 to a subnormal
      level (0.18+/-0.7 nmol/l) in malnourished patients. In postoperative patients the
      only change in thyroid hormones which was dependent on the four-day parenteral
      nutrition was the decrease in the initially elevated serum rT3 to the normal
      reference interval by both alimentation programs (by 54% in the glucose and by
      30% in the glucose-lipid program).

PMID- 6814137
TI  - The effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on the thyrotrophin response to
      thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in normal and iopanoic acid-treated euthyroid
      rats.

PMID- 6814136
TI  - The effect of glibenclamide on plasma insulin, plasma somatomedin bioactivity and
      skeletal growth in hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 6814138
TI  - Effects of oestradiol on sex hormone binding globulin.
AB  - Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were studied for possible effects of
      oestradiol-17 beta on SHBG. No change in SHBG plasma was recorded during normal
      menstrual cycles or during treatment with oestradiol-17 beta to menopausal women.
      However, gonadotrophin treatment to amenorrhoeic women to induce ovulation
      resulted in high oestradiol concentrations and a pronounced increase in SHBG was
      found during the luteal phase of these cycles. A marked increase of SHBG was also
      recorded in a woman with pronounced fluctuations of oestradiol during treatment
      with levonorgestrel sc implants for contraception. In conclusion, effects on SHBG
      were only found when extraordinarily high levels of plasma oestradiol were
      recorded.

PMID- 6814139
TI  - Plasma progesterone levels during long-term treatment with levonorgestrel
      silastic implants.
AB  - Plasma progesterone levels were measured in 113 women using a subdermal implant
      containing 200 mg levonorgestrel (NORPLANT) in an attempt to assess the roles of
      anovulation and inadequate luteal function in the contraceptive action of this
      method. Twenty-two women using an IUD (Copper T 200) served as a control group.
      Blood samples were taken twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. This was done one
      to four times in each subject during the first 7 years after insertion of
      NORPLANT. Plasma progesterone was measured by a specific RIA and criteria based
      upon normal values in this laboratory were used to define each set of samples as
      ovulatory, uncertain or anovulatory. The rate of anovulation varied between 25
      and 80% throughout the 7 years. The highest rate was observed during the first
      year of treatment of treatment. The rate of anovulation was significantly
      correlated with the plasma levels of levonorgestrel. Varying degrees of
      inadequate corpus luteum function were detected among NORPLANT users. All sets of
      samples in the control group were ovulatory and compatible with normal luteal
      function. These results clearly show that continuous administration of
      levonorgestrel by means of NORPLANT interferes with ovulation and/or luteal
      function in a significant proportion of cycles throughout the first 7 years of
      use.

PMID- 6814140
TI  - Changes in mechanical properties, thermal stability, reducible cross-links and
      glycosyl-lysines in rat skin induced by corticosteroid treatment.
AB  - The effects of systemic cortisol treatment on the biophysical and biochemical
      properties of skin were investigated. Rats were injected sc with cortisol for 14,
      60 and 120 days and samples of lumbar skin were studied. Corticosteroids exert a
      biphasic effect on the strength of skin: 1) a relatively fast increase in the
      strength and stability, caused by an increased collagen cross-linking and 2) an
      inhibited collagen synthesis which ultimately results in a thinning of the skin
      and a decrease of collagen content consistent with clinical observations. The
      thermal stability is increased indicating an increased proportion of thermostable
      cross-links in skin collagen. No changes are observed in the percentage type III
      collagen with respect to type I collagen. Increased amounts of glucose attached
      to the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the collagen are found after
      long-term treatments, an alteration which may play a role in hampering the tissue
      functions.

PMID- 6814141
TI  - [Esophageal pathology associated with achalasia].
AB  - Out of 90 patients with esophageal achalasia seen during the last decade, we
      found associated esophageal pathology in 46,6% of the cases. The esophagitis
      occurred with a frequency of 26,6%, whereas esophageal hiatus hernia was found in
      14,4%, benign esophageal stenosis in 5,5%, diverticula in 2,2% and tumors in
      2,2%. The role of the different ethiopatogeneic factors is discussed as well as
      the approach to the above mentioned entities.

PMID- 6814142
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities of various
      cultured cell lines derived from human hematologic malignancies].

PMID- 6814143
TI  - [Combined features of mu-heavy chain disease and primary macroglobulinemia in a
      single patient: clinical and immunological studies].

PMID- 6814144
TI  - [Protection of endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats
      by gabexate mesilate].

PMID- 6814145
TI  - Silent hepatic lesions detected with computed tomography in aplastic anemia
      patients administered androgens for a long period.

PMID- 6814146
TI  - Plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 6814147
TI  - The role of gene translocation in the determination of specificity and class of
      the antibody molecule.
AB  - Structural studies of monoclonal immunoglobulins demonstrated that immunoglobulin
      chains are organized in the antigen-binding variable (V) part and the constant
      (C) part. The variability pattern indicated the separate genetic control of V and
      C parts. The decisive steps in B cell differentiation are gene translocation and
      fusion events which assemble V and C genes to the actual one active H chain gene
      and the one active L chain gene in a B cell or plasma cell. Further gene
      translocations, now solely on the H chain C genes, effect the H chain class
      switch. By DNA structure analysis of immunoglobulin genes from stem cells and
      plasma cells, the details of the internal organization of the genes and of the
      gene translocations were recognized. RNA processing of H chain precursor mRNA
      decides whether the immunoglobulin molecule is produced as an antigen receptor or
      an antibody molecule. It also enables the simultaneous expression of antigen
      receptors as IgM and IgD molecules on the B cell membrane.

PMID- 6814149
TI  - The elusive antigen. Thoughts on the structure/function relationship of
      homogeneous human antibodies.
AB  - The rapid progress in the elucidation of antibody structure and function had a
      major impact on our understanding of monoclonal immunoglobulins. It appears that
      monoclonicity is a basic immunologic phenomenon, closely related to specificity.
      The amplification of this phenomenon, observed in pathological conditions such as
      the various plasma cell dyscrasias, has not been fully understood due to the lack
      of identifiable antigens capable of triggering this response. The functional and
      structural data accumulated from animal experiments and the clinical
      investigation of anti-dextran, anti-phosphorylcholine, anti-thioflavine and
      homogeneous anti-arsonate antibodies as well as of cold agglutinins, point to the
      presence of a common structure/function relationship in these molecules.
      Structural and serologic data, obtained from homogeneous antibodies isolated by
      us from the serum of patients with cancer of the colon and of the urinary
      bladder, revealed significant structural similarities expressed by HVR homology
      and cross-idiotypic specificity.

PMID- 6814148
TI  - Coexistence of multiple monoclonal immunoglobulins with identical constant
      regions in one patient.
AB  - Two populations of IgG molecules, designated F-IgG3(chi) and S-IgG3(chi), were
      isolated from a patient with multiple myeloma. The constant regions of the two
      molecules appear to be identical, since the heavy chains of both belong to the
      gamma 3 subclass and both molecules are positive for G3m(5), G3m(10), and G3m(11)
      but negative for G3m(21), Km(1) and Km(2) allotypes. In contrast, the two
      molecules have different variable regions, since (a) they do not share idiotypic
      determinant(s); (b) their light chains have different NH2 terminal amino acid
      sequences, and (c) both their heavy and light chains have different peptide maps
      and amino acid compositions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that
      the F-IgG3(chi) molecules have two kinds of light chains. One, designated, chi n,
      has a normal molecular weight (approximately 23,000); the other, designated chi
      h, has a molecular weight of approximately 28,000.

PMID- 6814152
TI  - Human myeloma: kinetics of the remission phase.
AB  - The kinetics of myeloma cells at diagnosis and during complete remission were
      compared on 4 IgG K patients. We were able to study experimentally the kinetics
      of the minimal tumor mass because we prepared anti-idiotypic sera specifically
      directed against the hypervariable region of the M protein. We have shown that
      the residual myeloma cell labelling index during remission is usually lower than
      that observable on diagnosis. This finding conflicts with the current opinion on
      minimal tumor mass kinetics. Therefore, it is suggested that a new therapeutic
      strategy should be adopted in the complete remission phase.

PMID- 6814151
TI  - Biosynthesis of immunoglobulin in human immunoproliferative diseases. II.
      Comparison of tumour cell mass in multiple myeloma measured by synthetic rate
      studies with that calculated from clinical staging systems.
AB  - Tumour cell mass (TCM) in patients with multiple myeloma has been measured by
      synthetic rate studies of bone-marrow tumor cells in culture. From the
      measurements of Salmon and co-workers, a simple clinical staging system in which
      TCM is calculated by a programmable pocket calculator has been developed. We have
      compared the measurement and calculation of TCM in patients with IgG and IgA
      multiple myeloma by these methods in our own laboratory. There was correlation
      between synthetic rate and serum IgG paraprotein concentration but not the serum
      IgA paraprotein concentration. In patients with IgG myeloma there was correlation
      between measured and calculated TCM as well as measured TCM and serum IgG
      paraprotein concentration, urine Bence-Jones protein excretion, and serum albumin
      concentration. Measured TCM also inversely correlated with haemoglobin
      concentration. In patients with IgA myeloma, however, there was no correlation
      between measured TCM and calculated TCM or any other individual clinical
      laboratory parameter. A number of problems have contributed to the overall
      failure of this method to measure and calculate TCM including methodological
      differences, definition of myeloma cells, proteolysis of newly synthesized
      paraprotein in culture, changes in synthetic rates with time and assessment of
      the degree of bone lesions by skeletal roentgenograms. We cannot recommend these
      methods as they stand to measure and calculate TCM in patients with multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 6814153
TI  - Mitochondrial abnormalities in the cells of myeloma patients.
AB  - Mitochondrial abnormalities in the myeloma cells of 52 patients are described.
      They included increased number, bizarre shape, alterations in their internal
      ultrastructure and vacuolization. There was no correlation between the type of
      myeloma or the severity of the disease and the observed abnormality of the
      mitochondria. The possible connection between the damaged mitochondria and the
      function of the tumor cells is discussed.

PMID- 6814150
TI  - Serological and biochemical analyses of M components in patients with
      transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Serological and biochemical studies were performed on M components isolated from
      3 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC). All
      were IgG1(K) proteins. 2 of the 3 belonged to the VKI subgroup, and these 2 also
      possessed cross-reactive idiotypic determinants. These findings are consistent
      with the ideas that M components in patients with a given kind of cancer may have
      restricted heterogeneity, and that the synthesis of an M component and the
      manifestation of a solid tumor may be related events in some patients who exhibit
      both abnormalities.

PMID- 6814154
TI  - Simultaneous presentation of plasma cell and monocytic leukemia with a subacute
      clinical course.
AB  - A rare case of simultaneous presentation of monocytic and plasma cell leukemia is
      reported. Cytochemistry, transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed
      the presence of a dual population consisting of monoblasts and plasma cells.
      Monoblasts contained nonspecific esterases, secreted lysozyme and showed dense
      bodies and surface ruffles under the scanning electron microscope, while the
      plasma cells secreted IgG kappa paraprotein, contained rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, and showed surface blebs with microvilli. Another unusual feature of
      this case was the relatively chronic course of the disease, lasting 15 months
      after initial diagnosis.

PMID- 6814155
TI  - Indomethacin-induced hyperkalemia and renal failure in multiple myeloma.
AB  - 3 patients with multiple myeloma developed hyperkalemic hypoaldosteronism and
      renal insufficiency while receiving indomethacin for bone pain. Claims are made
      that indomethacin has been responsible for these complications, possibly by
      inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis. Careful observation of myeloma patients
      during administration of this agent and perhaps other prostaglandin inhibitors
      appears warranted.

PMID- 6814156
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in monoclonal gammopathies].
AB  - This is a report on 123 patients with monoclonal gammopathies at Graz University
      Medical School. Approximately 75 percent of them were malignant, the rest benign
      or unclassified. In view of the considerable interest for differential diagnosis
      benign versus malignant, the criteria for both are given.

PMID- 6814157
TI  - [Clinical aspects of monoclonal gammopathies in diseases of the lympho
      plasmacytic cell system].
AB  - Paraproteinemias can be subdivided in 1. obligatory paraproteinemias (myeloma,
      macroglobulinemia, heavy chain diseases); 2. accompanying paraproteinemias (Non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas, myeloproliferative diseases, immune deficiency diseases,
      autoimmune diseases, transitory paraproteinemias after infection,
      paraproteinemias in association with nonlymphatic neoplasms); 3. benign
      paraproteinemias: a) with symptoms (primary amyloidosis, chronic cold agglutinin
      disease, paraproteinemias with further autoantibody function, monoclonal
      cryoglobulinemia); b) asymptomatic forms. Myeloma is the most common type of
      obligatory paraproteinemias. Characteristic findings are: Paraproteinemia and/or
      paraproteinuria in 98%, increase of plasma cells in the bone marrow in 84%,
      alterations in the roentgenograms of the skeleton in 79%. Clinical staging is of
      importance for the prognosis (amount of paraproteins, Hb level, renal disease,
      hypercalcemia, lytic lesions of bone). Neurologic complications, hemostasis
      dysfunction, cryopathies may be other symptoms. The terminal phase of the disease
      is determined by plasma cell proliferation, immune deficiency and renal disease
      or myelomonocytic leukemia. As to Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the accompanying
      paraproteinemia is to be found in immunocytomas and in CLL. At last it has to be
      mentioned that B-cell disorders will influence the T-cell populations and vice
      versa.

PMID- 6814158
TI  - [Therapy of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses].
AB  - Chemotherapy with alkylating agents and Prednisone can achieve a prolonged median
      survival time in patients with multiple myeloma which lasts as long as the
      remission endures. Aggressive therapeutic regimens could not achieve a further
      tumor cell reduction as soon as a stable phase is reached. Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia requires a therapeutic approach, which is adjusted to the
      individual case. Patients with small tumor mass and therapy responders have a
      significant prolonged median survival time compared to patients with large tumor
      mass and non-responders.

PMID- 6814159
TI  - [Therapeutic surveillance of anti-epileptic drugs. Determination of dosage
      regimen and monitoring of treatment].

PMID- 6814161
TI  - The blood-brain barrier is impermeable to metrizamide.

PMID- 6814160
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in various types of brain tumor. Effect of the space
      occupying lesion on blood flow in brain tissue close to and remote from tumor
      site.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 23 patients with brain tumors
      using the 133Xe intra-carotid injection method and a 254 channel gamma camera.
      The glioblastomas (4) and astrocytomas (4) all showed hyperemia in the tumor and
      tumor-near region. This was also seen in several meningiomas (4 of 7 cases) in
      which most of the tumor itself did not receive any isotope. Brain metastases (6)
      usually had a low flow in the tumor and tumor-near region. The glioblastomas
      tended to show markedly bending 133Xe wash-out curves pointing to pronounced
      heterogeneity of blood flow. Most of the flow maps, regardless of the tumor
      types, showed widespread abnormalities of rCBF not only in the tumor region but
      also in the region remote from the tumor. It is concluded that measurement of
      rCBF cannot yield accurate differential diagnostic information, but that the
      widespread derangement of the brain tissue function can be revealed even in the
      case of fairly small size tumors.

PMID- 6814162
TI  - 2 cases of reversible liver lesion induced by valproate.

PMID- 6814163
TI  - Onset and regression of neuroaxonal lesions in sheep with mannosidosis induced
      experimentally with swainsonine.
AB  - A group of young sheep were fed a diet containing the alpha-mannosidase inhibitor
      swainsonine, which resulted in the induction of a neuronal lysosomal mannoside
      storage disease. Sheep were killed at various intervals during and following the
      treatment period and the nature and distribution of neuronal and axonal lesions
      in the brain were assessed by routine light and electron microscopy and by the
      rapid Golgi impregnation technique. Neuronal mannoside storage, axonal dystrophy
      and meganeurite formation were induced by 80 days of treatment and the lesions
      had regressed by 40 days after the end of treatment. The results are discussed in
      relation to their relevance to the current widespread interest in the
      pathobiology of neuronal lysosomal storage.

PMID- 6814165
TI  - Bone scanning for the evaluation of knee prosthesis.
AB  - Twenty-six knees were scanned after total replacement to evaluate the
      relationship between bone scan, pain, the presence of a radiolucent line at the
      bone-cement interface and loosening. A radiolucent line was often accompanied by
      an increased uptake over the affected condyle, but there was no significant
      relationship with pain or loosening.

PMID- 6814164
TI  - A type of adult polyglucosan body disease.
AB  - Polyglucosan bodies in the nervous system and other viscera are the main findings
      at autopsy of a 64-year-old woman who had a chronic neurologic disorder of 20
      years' duration. The clinical features included muscle weakness, sensory
      disturbances, neurogenic bladder, dementia, and cataracts. Light and electron
      microscopy of the nervous system showed numerous polyglucosan bodies in the
      processes of neurons and astrocytes but not in neuronal perikarya. A similar
      clinico-pathologic presentation has been described in six previous cases. It is
      suggested that this is a type of adult polyglucosan body disease which probably
      froms a variant of Lafora's disease.

PMID- 6814167
TI  - Recurrence of ectopic ossification after excision in Charnley Low Friction
      Arthroplasty.
AB  - In 23 hips with a Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty (L.F.A.), revised for
      mechanical reasons, a planimeter was used to study areas of ectopic ossification
      and their recurrence after excision. In two cases some bone resorption had taken
      place. In the remaining 21 hips the average area of recurrence was greater than
      the average area excised. There was no correlation between the time elapsed and
      the extent of ossification; once established, the ossification did not seem to
      progress. Revision of L.F.A. for excision of ectopic bone is not indicated.

PMID- 6814166
TI  - The early effects of EDTA colchicine and azetazolamide on the number of
      osteoclasts and the calcium in rats.
AB  - Changes in the number of osteoclasts in rats after injection of ethylene diamine
      tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), azetazolamide or colchicine were studied using succinic
      dehydrogenase staining of osteoclasts. As early as 10 minutes after injection
      EDTA caused a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts. Azetazolamide
      and colchicine resulted in a decrease in the number of osteoclasts, apparent
      after 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. The changes in total serum calcium
      after EDTA and azetazolamide administration took place at the same rate. However,
      azetazolamide had an effect which was the reverse of the effect of EDTA. It
      caused an increase in calcium in spite of a decreased number of osteoclasts. The
      results of this investigation confirm those of earlier studies, showing very
      rapid changes in the number of osteoclasts caused by substances giving rapid
      changes in serum calcium.

PMID- 6814168
TI  - Haemodialysis treatment of acute renal failure in hypertonic dehydration.

PMID- 6814170
TI  - Stimulation of sodium and water absorption by sucrose in the rat small intestine.
AB  - This study described the absorption of Na, K, Cl, H2O and sugars from an
      isosmotic sucrose electrolyte solution and compares it with the absorption of
      these substances from an isosmotic glucose electrolyte solution and a mannitol
      electrolyte solution, by an in vivo perfusion technique in the rat jejunum and
      ileum. The composition of the solutions was similar to the oral rehydrating
      solutions, currently in use for the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases. The
      study shows that an isosmotic sucrose containing electrolyte solution induces a
      significantly greater Na, Cl, and K absorption compared to glucose electrolyte
      solution. Water absorption however, is significantly less from the former
      solution probably due to osmotic drag of water into the lumen by the slowly
      absorbed fructose released from sucrose hydrolysis. These findings underline the
      clinical importance of using hyposmotic sucrose electrolyte solution for oral
      rehydration.

PMID- 6814169
TI  - Effect of intravenous alanine on blood glucose, glucagon and growth hormone
      levels in diabetic children.
AB  - To study its glycaemic effect and to evaluate alpha cell function, L-alanine was
      administered intravenously (0.15 g/kg b.w.) to ketotic diabetic children. Their
      preinfusion condition was characterized by hyperglycaemia, elevated alanine,
      glucagon and growth hormone levels. Alanine failed to cause a further increase in
      the plasma glucagon level and had no glycaemic effect, but induced a consistent
      rise in plasma growth hormone. It is concluded that, in contrast with adult
      diabetics, alanine had no glycaemic effect and was not a potent alpha-cell
      secretagogue in ketotic diabetic children. The demonstrated growth-hormone
      provoking effect suggests that endogenous hyperalaninaemia may contribute to
      ketosis via the antiinsulin effect of growth hormone.

PMID- 6814171
TI  - Serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in diabetic children and matched healthy
      controls.
AB  - Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. A-II and B were determined in
      28 diabetic children (age 3-16 years) and 14 healthy matched controls. In the
      healthy children the serum apo A-I concentration was 120 +/- 20 arbitrary units
      (A.U.) (mean +/- S.D.), apo A-II 111 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 100 +/- 34 A.U. (100
      A.U. = mean concentration in adult blood donors). The apo A-I concentration was
      significantly higher in the diabetic children (134 +/- 13; p less than 0.02) than
      in the healthy controls. In diabetics apo A-II was 116 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 106
      +/- 21 A.U., values not significantly different from those in the controls. The
      serum cholesterol concentration in the healthy children correlated strongly to
      apo A-I and apo A-II, which was not the case in the diabetics. The differences
      between diabetic and healthy children with respect to correlations between the
      apolipoproteins and the serum lipids might indicate a different
      apolipoprotein/lipoprotein lipid relationship in diabetics.

PMID- 6814172
TI  - The pattern of major serum apolipoproteins during the early neonatal period.
AB  - Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I, B
      and C-III were investigated in 24 normal newborns at birth (umbilical cord blood)
      and again 4 days after birth (venous blood). Blood samples from 95 fasted
      normolipidemic male and female subjects aged between 20 to 60 years were also
      analysed. Immunochemical studies of serum from umbilical cord blood have shown
      that all investigated apolipoproteins were present although at lower levels than
      found in adults. The concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B
      and C-III in the serum from blood collected 4 days after birth did not
      practically differ from that of adult.

PMID- 6814173
TI  - Sleep related growth hormone and prolactin secretion in children during constant
      rate enteral nutrition.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the nocturnal secretion of growth
      hormone and prolactin in a particular model where nutrients are delivered
      continuously. Six children with severe intestinal diseases undergoing total
      constant rate enteral nutrition for 1.5 to 8 months have been studied; all
      children had a normal nutritional status at the time of the recording. Sleep
      patterns were studied by the usual polygraphic methods from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m.
      Blood samples were taken every 20 min through an indwelling catheter for growth
      hormone and prolactin plasma level determination. Several growth hormone peaks
      were observed with a peak always secreted in connection with stage III-IV of the
      first cycle. This early peak was significantly higher than the following ones.
      Nocturnal patterns of prolactin secretion showed individual differences
      characterized by a series of episodic releases which consisted of a few long
      rises (4 patients) and several small fluctuations; no correlation was found with
      the sleep patterns; no increase in the level throughout the night was observed.
      Loss of the rhythmicity of alimentation does not alter the secretion of growth
      hormone during sleep.

PMID- 6814174
TI  - Morphological and biochemical analysis of biopsy specimens in disorders of
      skeletal development.
AB  - A programme for combined morphological and biochemical analysis of cartilage-bone
      biopsy material is described. The structural analysis includes light and electron
      microscopy, and the biochemistry is focused on polysaccharides. A procedure for
      isolation and characterization of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans from dry
      cartilage in amounts down to 1 mg is described. The procedure is exemplified by
      analyses of material from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta,
      mucopolysaccharidosis IV-Morquio and metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type McKusick.
      In osteogenesis imperfecta characteristic morphological alterations were
      demonstrated. Apart from increased chondroitin sulphate molecular weights, the
      biochemical analyses showed values within the assumed normal range. In Morquio's
      disease extensive intracellular deposits in single membrane vacuoles were
      observed in both chondrocytes and osteocytes. There were indications that these
      deposits contained keratan sulphate, which also occurred in increased amounts in
      the total tissue preparation. Furthermore, the tendency to formation of
      proteoglycan aggregates was decreased. In the tissue from the patients with the
      McKusick syndrome insignificant ultrastructural changes, mainly affecting the
      mitochondria, were found. The biochemical results were within the assumed normal
      range. The significance of these findings and the possibilities of further
      methodological development are discussed.

PMID- 6814175
TI  - Feeding and the development of enteroinsular hormone secretion in the preterm
      infant: effects of continuous gastric infusions of human milk compared with
      intermittent boluses.
AB  - Preterm infants receive gastric milk feeds as continuous infusions or
      intermittent boluses. It is not known whether these feeding methods have
      different effects on the development of digestive metabolism. We have measured
      plasma levels of insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide (GIP), gastrin, motilin, enteroglucagon (EG) and neurotensin (NT) in
      19 preterm infants (28-34 weeks gestation) tolerating full enteral feeding from
      birth. 7 infants received human milk by continuous infusion, 12 infants were
      bolus fed. Hormones were measured in cord blood and at 6 and 13 days of age;
      samples were drawn preprandially in bolus fed infants. Both groups showed similar
      significant increases in plasma motilin, PP, NT and EG levels. At 13 days
      infusion fed infants had higher insulin. GIP and gastrin levels. No difference in
      rate of weight gain was seen in the two groups of infants. We conclude that both
      methods of feeding induce progressive changes in circulating enteroinsular
      hormone levels. However, the endocrine milieu is different in the two groups,
      particularly since bolus-fed infants experience marked cyclical surges in
      hormones after boluses of milk by 13 days of age. These differences in hormone
      release may affect metabolic homeostasis.

PMID- 6814176
TI  - Hemostatic balance alterations in obese children.
AB  - Fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and other clotting parameters were
      studied in 34 obese children and 16 controls. The obese children (mean age 9 2/12
      years) had a mean overweight of 51.8% +/- 15.6, higher blood glucose and
      cholesterol levels, and increased baseline and glucose-induced insulinemia.
      However, baseline ELT did not differ significantly; ELT after 5 min venous
      occlusion was 203.2 +/- 110.9 min in the obese children and 114.7 +/- 67.9 min in
      the control group (p less than 0.01) with a mean percent decrease respectively of
      14.9% and 29.2%. Poor fibrinolytic responders did not correlate with age,
      overweight, or metabolic indices. Lower levels of ATIII (p less than 0.01) and no
      changes in F VIII: C and F VIII: R Ag were also found in the obese. Furthermore,
      in a larger group of 84 prepubertal obese children (mean age 10 years; mean
      overweight 48.2%) and in 39 normal prepubertal children (mean age 10 4/12 years)
      we also studied platelet aggregation capacity according to Breddin. This
      parameter was altered in a high proportion of the obese children (p less than
      0.05). The obese children were also poor fibrinolytic responders, similarly to
      obese adults, and exhibited early alteration of the clotting balance.

PMID- 6814177
TI  - Respiratory sensitivity before and after birth.
AB  - A description is first given of respiratory activity in the fetus and its
      control. Evidence suggests that when the fetus makes respiratory movements, it is
      in a state comparable to REM sleep in the newborn and adult and that in the
      alternating periods of apnoea, it is in quiet sleep. It does not appear that the
      respiratory movements are normally regulated by chemical or reflex, e.g. Hering
      Breuer, inputs though they are enhanced by CO2 and depressed by hypoxia. In the
      apnoeic periods, breathing movements are virtually impossible to elicit by
      chemical or reflex means. Evidence from examination of peripheral inputs
      indicates that: the carotid body chemoreceptors are inhibited at receptor level,
      stimulation of the aortic chemoreceptors affects the circulation only and
      although pulmonary stretch receptors are active and are excited by inflation of
      the fetal lung, such inflation does not affect discharge in medullary respiratory
      units or phrenic nerve. Since there is no real evidence of immaturity of the
      respiratory system in late gestation and since chemical and most reflex inputs
      appear to provide an adequate stimulus, it is most probable that the periods of
      apnoea are caused by an inhibitory process, possibly of supra-pontine origin
      which acts close to medullary respiratory units and effectively inhibits the
      operation of the automatic component. This inhibitory process may operate
      periodically; or continuously and be periodically overridden in REM sleep. After
      birth, breathing is normally continuous and sensitive to lung inflation, CO2 and
      after a variable delay, to hypoxia. This may be due to the lifting of the
      inhibitory process allowing activation of the automatic component. However, there
      is evidence that even in normal, full term infants, full maturation of the
      automatic component is not complete until about three months of age and in the
      meanwhile, breathing tends to be imperfectly regulated and subject to damped
      oscillations when disturbed.

PMID- 6814178
TI  - Gonadotropin responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in
      prepubertal and pubertal patients with growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Gonadotropin response to 100 microgram/m2 LHRH was determined in 31 patients with
      growth hormone deficiency. According to their bone ages the patients were divided
      into a "prepubertal" (n = 18) and a "pubertal" (n = 13) group. The results were
      compared with the LHRH tests from 16 healthy prepubertal boys and girls and 32
      healthy adult probands, respectively. The maximum increment of LH and FSH was
      evaluated. In the "prepubertal" group five patients had an insufficient rise of
      LH and FSH, four of them having additional anterior pituitary hormone
      deficiencies. In the "pubertal" group nine patients were found to be gonadotropin
      deficient, all of them had additional hormone deficiencies, TSH being the most
      frequently affected hormone. Only one of 14 gonadotropin-deficient patients had
      no other than growth hormone deficiency in addition. An isolated decreased FSH
      increment without LH deficiency was found in 6 male and 2 female patients and is
      not thought to be of diagnostic value. No influence of growth hormone treatment
      or growth velocity on the gonadotropin responsiveness was found. Patients with an
      additional thyreotropic defect could be classified as pituitary or hypothalamic
      disorder due to their reaction in the TRH test. These groups could not be
      differentiated by a single bolus LHRH test, indicating the need of prolonged
      stimulation to recover the pituitary hyporesponsiveness. Due to methodological
      problems the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency in an individual patient of the
      prepubertal age group might be questioned. However, a normal gonadotropin
      response to LHRH can be expected in prepubertal patients with growth hormone
      deficiency and may indicate a normal gonadotropin function.

PMID- 6814179
TI  - Cyclical vomiting with pneumomediastinum.

PMID- 6814180
TI  - Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by the rhesus antigen Cw.

PMID- 6814181
TI  - IgM-monoclonal gammopathy associated with malignant lymphoma with recurrent
      pleural effusion.
AB  - A case of malignant lymphoma (plasmacytoid lymphocytic type) with IgM-monoclonal
      gammopathy is presented. The main site of lesion was in the lung. The sole
      clinical manifestation was pleuropulmonary involvement with massive pleural
      effusion. A clue to the diagnosis was given by cytological and immunocytological
      examination of pleural aspirates. Subsequent immunological survey of serum
      protein and a bronchial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 6814182
TI  - Serum antibodies to aspergillus fumigatus in patients with pulmonary
      aspergillosis detected by immunofluorescence.
AB  - Aspergillus antibodies of the IgG, IgA and IgM class were determined by the
      indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique in sera from 11 patients with proven
      pulmonary aspergillosis (group I), 11 patients with suspected pulmonary
      aspergillosis (group II), 34 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
      (group III), 29 patients with lung infiltrates of non-fungal aetiology (group
      IV), and 94 blood donors (group V). The antigen was cryostate sections of
      formaldehyde fixed mycelium. IgG antibody titres above 640 occurred in 73% in
      group I + II, 12% in group III, 0% in group IV, and 22% in group V. The
      difference between group I + II and group V was statistically significant (p less
      than 0.001). IgA antibody titres above 80 were only found in patients in group I
      + II, suggesting that demonstration of such antibodies may be of diagnostic
      significance. IgM antibodies in titres between 10 and 160 were found in 100-65%
      in group I to V. Precipitating antibodies to a culture filtrate antigen occurred
      in all subjects in group I, in 9 (82%) in group II, and in 1-7% of subjects in
      group III to V. However, precipitin titres above 2 occurred only in group I and
      II. No correlation between precipitin titres and IIF titres of IgG and IgA
      antibodies was obtained, suggesting that the two methods reveal antibodies of
      different specificities.

PMID- 6814183
TI  - Experimental endocarditis in rabbits. 7. Results of long-term combined therapy of
      Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis with penicillin and gentamicin.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of long-term penicillin
      gentamicin treatment on experimental S. faecalis endocarditis due to selected
      strains; one strain was homogeneously resistant to 8000 micrograms/ml
      streptomycin (IC50 and MIC greater than 8000 micrograms ml), the other strain
      heterogeneously resistant to 8000 micrograms/ml streptomycin (IC50: 3300
      micrograms/ml, MIC: greater than 8000 micrograms/ml. Both strains showed low
      grade resistance to gentamicin (MIC 10.5 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively). The
      results showed that there was significant effect of the treatment in rabbits with
      endocarditis due to both strains, as measured by lowered mortality and by high
      bacteriologic cure rate. Despite effective antibiotic treatment, a high incidence
      (57%) of congestive heart failure was noted in rabbits late in the treatment
      period or after termination of antibiotic treatment, probably due to healing
      processes on the aortic valves. In human cases of S. faecalis endocarditis the
      antibiotic treatment should be either penicillin plus streptomycin or penicillin
      plus gentamicin. However, in cases where the infecting strain is homogeneously
      resistant to 8000 micrograms/ml streptomycin, the treatment with penicillin plus
      gentamicin is clearly the drug combination of choice.

PMID- 6814185
TI  - Levels of beta-galactosidase in resident and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages
      from C3H and C57BL mice.

PMID- 6814184
TI  - Immune and non-immune precipitation of human sera with gonococci and
      meningococci.
AB  - Sera from 218 healthy humans were examined by double-diffusion and counter
      electrophoresis against the ultrasonically-disrupted N. gonorrhoeae strain 8551
      and the group B N. meningitidis strain Ne 15. All the sera examined contained
      precipitins against one or more antigens common to the bacteria. On
      immunodiffusion analysis, the sera formed a precipitation line, called the curved
      line, close to the gonococcal antigen basin but not the meningococcal antigen
      basin. It was not formed after digestion of serum with pepsin. IgG prepared from
      human serum by DEAE cellulose chromatography or the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG did
      not produce the line. The serum component involved was separated from IgA, IgG,
      and IgM by gel filtration, and was eluted in fractions suggestive of a molecular
      weight close to that of albumin. Presumably, the curved line resulted from non
      immune interaction of a constituent of the gonococcus with a human serum
      component of unknown identity.

PMID- 6814186
TI  - Renal tubular secretion and effects of chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide and
      clopamide: a study in the avian kidney.
AB  - The relationship between renal tubular secretion and saluretic effects of two
      thiazides (chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide) and clopamide was studied
      using a modified Sperber technique. The distribution of carbonic anhydrase in the
      avian kidney was studied by a histochemical method. The modified Sperber
      technique allows an absolute estimation of the tubular excretion efficiency of a
      substance, as determined by its True Tubular Excretion Fraction (TTEF). The TTEF
      values were for chlorothiazide 59%, hydrochlorothiazide 22% and clopamide 10%.
      Thus, they were all actively secreted by renal tubular cells; most likely through
      organic anion transport since novobiocin markedly reduced the TTEF values. After
      infusion of the diuretics into the renal portal system on one side there was only
      a small ipsilateral excess natriuresis and chloruresis, in spite of their
      different tubular excretion efficiencies. For hydrochlorothiazide, and especially
      for chlorothiazide the saluretic effect therefore appears to be largely
      independent of the tubular fluid concentration of the diuretic and primarily
      evoked from the peritubular side of the avian nephron. This is a sharp contrast
      to the primarily luminally induced saluretic effects of furosemide, ethacrynic
      acid and piretanide. Only chlorothiazide caused an ipsilateral excess excretion
      of potassium and bicarbonate, probably due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
      since similar effects were seen after acetazolamide. This effect was coupled to
      tubular secretion of the diuretic, and probably reflects an inhibition of
      carbonic anhydrase in cortical distal tubules, where the enzyme is present in the
      apical region of most cells and could be reached by chlorothiazide present in the
      tubular fluid.

PMID- 6814187
TI  - N-Demethylation of aminopyrine by the nasal mucosa in mice and rats.
AB  - N-demethylation of aminopyrine was demonstrated in the nasal mucosa of C57 Bl
      mice and Sprague-Dawley rats by measurements of the 14CO2 formed at incubation of
      14C-aminopyrine with tissue-slices. The metabolism of aminopyrine by the nasal
      mucosa was induced by phenobarbital pretreatment and susceptible to inhibition
      with metyrapone and SKF 525 A suggesting the presence of cytochrome P-450
      dependent enzyme system in the tissue. Immediately after injection of 14C
      aminopyrine in rats a uniform distribution of radioactivity in the body was
      recorded. After thirty minutes, however, a preferential localization of
      radioactivity was found in the nasal mucosa and in the liver. By pretreatment
      with metyrapone the uptake of radioactivity in the nasal mucosa and in the liver
      was blocked suggesting that the observed accumulation of radioactivity is due to
      metabolites.

PMID- 6814189
TI  - Does the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis play a role in the
      regulation of reproduction?

PMID- 6814188
TI  - Overlapping binding of FSH and TSH in embryonic chicken testicle and thyroid
      gland.

PMID- 6814190
TI  - The importance of carbonic anhydrase B and C for the unloading of CO2 by the
      human erythrocyte.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes HCA B and HCA C
      from human erythrocytes were purified by affinity chromatography and
      characterized kinetically at 37 degrees C in 25 mM N-methylimidazole buffer, I =
      0.15, pH 7.1, using a pH-indicator stopped-flow technique. The rate constants for
      the uncatalyzed hydration of CO2 and dehydration of H2CO3 were 0.12 . s-1 and 58
      . s-1, respectively, Km and turnover numbers in the hydration reaction were 14.0
      mM and 19.1 . 10(5) . s-1 for HCAC and 3.3 mM and 0.56 . 10(5) . s-1 for HCA B.
      Km and turnover numbers in the dehydration reaction were 70 mM and 5 . 10(5) . s
      1 for HCA C and 16.8 mM and 0.27 . 10(5) . s-1 for HCA B. Ki for chloride was 14
      mM for HCA B and greater than 200 mM for HCA C. Ki for acetazolamide was 0.9
      microM against HCA B and 16 nM against HCA C. The rates of hydration of CO2 in
      hemolysates with known concentrations of HCA B and HCA C, and in mixtures of
      purified HCA B and HCA C with concentrations near those in the erythrocyte, were
      similar to the rates calculated from the kinetic parameters of each isoenzyme.
      HCA B is 86% inhibited by chloride in vivo. This strong inhibition, together with
      the low specific activity, explains why HCA B only accounts for 10% of the total
      carbonic anhydrase activity of the erythrocyte, en spite the cellular
      concentration HCA B is 8 times higher than that of HCA C. HCA B and HCA C can
      together accelerate the intracellular CO2-reaction 23 000-fold, which gives a
      margin of 25-fold over physiological needs in hard work and 50-fold at rest.
      Perceptible physiological effects on respiration should therefore be seen when
      total carbonic anhydrase activity of erythrocytes is 96 to 98% inhibited. These
      degrees of inhibition are achieved when plasma concentrations of acetazolamide
      reach 2 and 5 microM, respectively.

PMID- 6814191
TI  - Metabolism of putrescine in the pregnant rat.
AB  - The in vivo metabolism of 14C-putrescine injected to rats before, during and
      after pregnancy was studied. Within 30 min of the administration of the isotope 9
      12% of the injected radioactivity was recorded as 14CO2 in the expired air and
      after 5 h 60% was expired. The radioactivity excreted in the urine during the
      first day following the 14C-putrescine administration consisted of unmetabolized
      putrescine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and some unidentified compound(s). No
      radioactive polyamines were detected in the urine. After treatment of pregnant
      rats with the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine the expiration of 14CO2
      was almost completely inhibited. In the urine increased amounts of unmetabolized
      putrescine were excreted while the excretion of GABA and the unidentified
      compound(s) were decreased. In addition 14C-spermidine appeared in the urine. The
      in vitro metabolism of putrescine was determined by the incubation of different
      tissues of pregnant and non-pregnant rats with 14C-putrescine. The 14C
      metabolites derived via the diamine oxidase pathway (delta 1-pyrroline, GABA,
      some unidentified compound(s) and carbon dioxide) varied in magnitude with the
      tissue investigated. GABA was found to be a main metabolite of putrescine in
      several tissues of the pregnant rat. The content of putrescine and spermidine was
      elevated in several tissues as well as the blood on the 19th day of pregnancy in
      rats treated with aminoguanidine, while the content of spermine was unchanged.

PMID- 6814192
TI  - On the significance of the respiratory exchange ratio after different diets
      during exercise in man.
AB  - Total respiratory exchange ratio (R) was compared to the respiratory exchange
      ratio over the legs (RQL) during exercise after different diets, to evaluate if R
      (which represents a mean for the whole body) can be used to estimate the relative
      proportions of fat and carbohydrate oxidation in exercising muscle. One important
      prerequisite for this is a steady state acid base balance, 7 subjects were
      studied at rest and during the later part of a 25 min exercise (65% of Vo2 max)
      on two occasions, the first preceded by a fat rich diet and the second by a
      carbohydrate rich diet. Oxygen uptake, R and arterial-femoral venous differences
      for [O2], [CO2], PCO2 and pH and arterial concentrations for lactate and beta
      hydroxybutyrate were measured. Respiratory exchange ratio over the exercising
      legs (RQL) and ventilation/oxygen uptake were calculated. Arterial pH, PCO2,
      lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate as well as specific ventilation attained steady
      levels during the later part of exercise after both diets. Although arterial
      lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate differed between the diets, the arterial pH and
      specific ventilation were the same. Both R and RQL were higher after the
      carbohydrate than after the fat diet and there was no systematic difference
      between R and RQL. Therefore, it seems likely that R estimates the proportion of
      fat and carbohydrate oxidation in skeletal muscle during submaximal exercise
      after extreme diets.

PMID- 6814193
TI  - Effects of vagotomy and glossopharyngectomy on respiratory response to dopamine
      agonists.
AB  - In normal rats lightly anesthetized with halothane apomorphine increased both
      resting and CO2-dependent minute ventilation (VM) by stimulating respiratory
      frequency (RF) whereas tidal volume (VT) was slightly decreased. Acute bilateral
      glossopharyngectomy, which impaired carotid body function, did not change the
      apomorphine effects in contrast to bilateral vagotomy, which abolished the RF
      response of the drug, but now increased VT. Intravenous infusion of dopamine
      increased VM by elevating RF, and this effect was only slightly blunted by
      bilateral glossopharyngectomy but nearly abolished by vagotomy and totally
      eliminated by the combined procedures. The respiratory response to dopamine was
      depressed in rats with chronically destroyed central catecholaminergic neurons.
      These findings indicate that there may be two different dopaminergic stimulatory
      mechanisms that modulate RF-one peripheral and one central-and both depend upon
      afferent vagal activity. With impaired vagal function, however, two other
      dopaminergic stimulatory mechanisms effecting VT are evident-one central, and one
      peripheral which involves the carotid body.

PMID- 6814195
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism and concentration profiles of solutes in the canine
      lumbar intervertebral disc.
AB  - Utilization of glucose and oxygen by the cells as well as concentration profiles
      of solutes were studied in the canine intervertebral disc. Cell metabolism in
      this avascular tissue, being predominantly anaerobic, was found to be dependent
      on oxygen tension (this being especially pronounced in the region of 0.13-0.4 kPa
      (1-3 mmHg). A high production rate of lactic acid was found in the nucleus
      pulposus, whereas towards the periphery of the annulus fibrosus this rate
      gradually decreased. In the centrally located areas of the disc tissue, far away
      from the blood circulation, the highest concentrations of lactic acid were found.
      For the normal disc the energy demands seem to be met as even small amounts of
      oxygen account for a large energy source, whereas the cellular requirements are
      balanced up predominantly by glucose. In regions with extremely low oxygen
      tensions large amounts of glucose are consumed, but an additional potential
      energy pool of glycogen seems to be available.

PMID- 6814194
TI  - Diet induced changes in sympatho-adrenal activity during submaximal exercise in
      relation to substrate utilization in man.
AB  - In order to study how the diet may influence sympatho-adrenal activity during
      exercise, 7 subjects were examined at rest and during submaximal exercise (25 min
      at 65% of VO2 max) on two occasions. The first occasion was preceded by 5 days on
      a carbohydrate poor diet (5% carbohydrate, 72% fat and 23% protein) and the
      second one by 5 days on a carbohydrate rich diet (78% carbohydrate, 8% fat and
      14% protein) with the same energy content. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange
      ratio (R), heart rate and arterial plasma concentrations of adrenaline,
      noradrenaline, dopamine, insulin, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA),
      glycerol and beta-hydroxybutyrate were measured at rest and during exercise.
      Oxygen uptake and heart rate during exercise were higher and R was lower after
      the carbohydrate poor than after the carbohydrate rich diet. During exercise the
      arterial plasma concentrations of FFA, glycerol and beta-hydroxybutyrate were
      higher after the carbohydrate poor than after the carbohydrate rich diet whereas
      concentrations of insulin and lactate were lower. At rest arterial plasma
      noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were similar on the two diets (0.70 +/- 0.31
      nM noradrenaline and 0.35 +/- 0.32 nM adrenaline one the carbohydrate rich diet,
      mean values +/- SD). Exercise induced increases in noradrenaline were more
      pronounced after the carbohydrate poor than after the carbohydrate rich diet
      (12.42 +/- 3.41 vs. 7.45 +/- 2.68 at 25 min of exercise, p less than 0.001). A
      similar, although more variable accentuation of exercise induced increases in
      adrenaline was found. It is concluded that, when compared to a carbohydrate rich
      diet, a carbohydrate poor diet increases the relative contribution of fat to
      oxidative metabolism and increases the sympatho-adrenal response to exercise.
      Stimulation of lipolysis by sympatho-adrenal mechanisms might be of importance
      for the substrate availability when carbohydrate intake in low.

PMID- 6814196
TI  - Effect of diazepam on cerebral monoamine synthesis during hypoxia and hypercapnia
      in the rat.
AB  - In view of the fact that diazepam has been shown to prevent an increase in
      catecholamine synthesis and/or turnover rates in stressful situations, and to
      modify the cerebral metabolic (and circulatory) response to hypoxia and
      hypercapnia, the influence of the drug on synthesis rates of DOPA and 5-HTP in
      three regions of the rat brain were studied under normoxic-normocapnic
      conditions, as well as in hypoxia and hypercapnia. In order to exclude a
      modifying influence of variations in tissue pO2 during hypercapnia, cerebral
      venous pO2 was kept at control values by moderate arterial hypoxia. When compared
      to the control state (paralyzed animals maintained on 70% N2O) normoxic and
      normocapnic animals given diazepam (in the absence of N2O) showed a slightly
      enhanced DOPA synthesis in limbic structures and reduced 5-HTP synthesis in
      limbic structures and striatum. In hypoxia, the drug considerably curtailed DOPA
      synthesis in limbic structures and striatum but had no effect on synthesis rate
      in cortex. The drug also appeared to exaggerate the generalized reduction in 5
      HTP synthesis observed under 70% N2O. In hypercapnia, diazepam reduced the
      enhanced rate of DOPA synthesis (observed under 70% N2O) in striatum but left
      that in the cortex unchanged. The drug prevented the hypercapnia-induced increase
      in 5-HTP synthesis, observed under 70% N2O. It is concluded that diazepam
      significantly alters dopamine and serotonin synthesis in hypoxia and hypercapnia.
      Probably an indirect action, perhaps related to the stress-alleviating effect of
      diazepam, is involved. The results suggest that the effect of the drug on
      cerebral metabolic rate and blood flow in hypoxia and hypercapnia is unrelated to
      changes in noradrenaline synthesis or turnover. Furthermore, although the results
      demonstrate that diazepam modulates dopamine metabolism in hypoxia and
      hypercapnia it seems questionable that this influence can explain the metabolic
      and circulatory effects of diazepam in these conditions.

PMID- 6814197
TI  - Lithium treatment: does the kidney prefer one daily dose instead of two?
AB  - Renal structure and function were investigated in two groups of long-term lithium
      treated patients. Lithium was administered in two different ways either in a one
      dose per day schedule where the whole dose of lithium was given between 8 and 10
      p.m. or in a schedule where the lithium dose was given, divided into two or three
      doses, during the day. Kidney biopsy was performed, and structural changes in the
      kidney tissue were determined together with 24-h urine volume in the individual
      patients. The functional as well as the structural changes were most pronounced
      in patients given their lithium in divided doses during the day. Lithium may be
      more harmful to the kidney when the lithium administration gives a relatively
      constant serum lithium level than when the administration causes greater
      variations including peak values and low minimum levels in serum lithium. The
      reason for this might be that a number of regenerative processes only occur in
      periods with low lithium concentrations.

PMID- 6814198
TI  - Anthrax-specific "AP 50-like" phages isolated from Bacillus cereus strains.
AB  - Phages exerting a specific action on Bacillus anthracis were isolated from
      mitomycin C-induced concentrated lysates of 5 Bacillus cereus strains producing
      megacin A (phospholipase A). In electron micrographs the phages closely resembled
      the anthrax-specific, lipid containing phage AP 50 isolated earlier from soil
      sample. The phages were similar to AP 50 also in their antigenic and chemical
      structure, host range and sensitivity to organic solvents, detergents and caesium
      chloride. The DNA character of AP 50 nucleic acid was shown by agarose gel
      electrophoresis. AP 50 and related phages seem to represent a separate group of
      phages acting on Bacillus strains.

PMID- 6814199
TI  - Glycolipid N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities in normal and Kirsten
      murine sarcoma virus transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells.

PMID- 6814200
TI  - N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases related to biosynthesis of globo series
      glycolipids.

PMID- 6814201
TI  - Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in rat bone marrow cells.

PMID- 6814203
TI  - A novel pentaglycosyl ceramide containing di-beta-N-acetylgalactos-aminyl residue
      (Para-Forssman glycolipid) isolated from human erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 6814202
TI  - Galatosialidosis (beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency): clinical and
      biochemical studies on 13 patients.
AB  - Thirteen patients with galactosialidosis (beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase
      deficiency) from 9 families including two autopsy cases were studied from
      clinical, genetic, cytological and biochemical standpoints. Coarse facies,
      myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia, angiokeratoma, loss of vision, corneal opacity and
      cherry-red spots were the main signs and symptoms although these clinical
      manifestations were widely variable in individual cases. It is not yet known
      whether these clinical variations represent genetic heterogeneity or not.
      Deficiency of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase was the most prominent
      biochemical abnormality in this disease. Beta-Galactosidase activity was restored
      in fibroblasts when serine-thiol protease inhibitors were added to the culture
      medium. Cathepsin B activity was significantly high in fibroblasts, liver and
      brain from the patients. It was demonstrated that neuraminidase was susceptible
      to the procedures for disrupting cells and tissues, such as sonication and
      freezing. The stability of this enzyme may be dependent on the molecular state in
      relation to cell membranes.

PMID- 6814204
TI  - The biochemistry and genetics of purine metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6814205
TI  - Exogenous amino acids as fuel in shock.
AB  - It has been suggested that in shock branched-chain amino acids are preferentially
      oxidized resulting in continued proteolysis and stimulated gluconeogenesis. To
      determine if exogenous amino acids could be used as fuel in shock, dogs rendered
      hypotensive by controlled cardiac tamponade and normotensive controls were
      infused with amino acid mixtures and individual amino acids. When Nephramine, a
      mixture rich in branched-chain amino acids, was infused, plasma alpha-amino
      nitrogen levels rose but urea output did not increase in either the control state
      or in shock, suggesting that these amino acids were not rapidly deaminated to
      serve as fuels. Travasol, which in addition contained large amounts of alanine
      and glycine, tripled urea output in the controls and doubled it in shock. The
      limit of urea production was reached in both groups at 35 mumoles urea/minute/kg.
      In the Travasol-infused animals plasma alpha-amino nitrogen levels were
      maintained in normotension but rose sharply in shock. When glycine alone was
      infused into five dogs in shock urea production rate was 30.6 + 2.1
      mumoles/minute/kg; with alanine the same value was 22.5 + 2.2 mumoles/minute/kg.
      In both cases plasma alpha-amino nitrogen levels were high, suggesting that
      transport of these amino acids into the cell was slow in shock. In four dogs in
      shock glycine-14C was added to the glycine infusate as a tracer. At radioactive
      equilibrium 28% of the label infused appeared in CO2; another 22% appeared in
      glucose. It is concluded that of all the amino acids tested only glycine and
      alanine are deaminated rapidly enough to serve as exogenous fuels in shock.

PMID- 6814206
TI  - The modification by ketotifen of respiratory responses to histamine and antigen
      in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Aerosolized solutions of histamine or ovalbumin were administered to control or
      ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs. The time to onset of respiratory distress
      (preconvulsion time) during challenge with these agents was measured using a
      force-displacement transducer on the animal's back. The preconvulsion time for
      each guinea-pig was compared with and without ketotifen pretreatment. Ketotifen
      administered both by aerosol and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) significantly
      protected (p less than 0.001) each guinea-pig from the effects of aerosol
      challenge with histamine. Ovalbumin-sensitized animals were also protected from
      the effects of antigen aerosol challenge by ketotifen pretreatment. Sodium
      cromoglycate (DSCG), administered as an aerosol, did not protect sensitized
      animals from ovalbumin challenge. The Konzett-Rossler technique was used to
      measure the response to the intravenous injection (i.v.) of histamine in
      anaesthetized artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. Ketotifen was three times more
      potent than mepyramine in inhibiting the histamine-induced increase in air
      overflow volume.

PMID- 6814208
TI  - Exacerbation of experimental poly-D-lysine arthritis by C-reactive protein.
AB  - Rabbit C-reactive protein (Cx-rp) was able to induce a prolonged exacerbation of
      inflammation when injected locally into arthritic rabbit knee joints. The
      increase in the level of inflammation, measured as the change in joint
      temperature, was accompanied by an increase in serum Cx-rp levels. Locally
      administered Cx-rp had no effect on joint swelling. Cx-rp, when injected locally
      into normal knee joints, had no effect on temperature or swelling. Cx-rp was
      unable to induce its own synthesis when injected intravenously into normal
      rabbits. The findings support a role for Cx-rp as a positive modulator of acute
      inflammation.

PMID- 6814207
TI  - Extra- and intracellular Ca2+ requirements for lysosomal enzyme secretion in
      human neutrophils.
AB  - Ca2+-EGTA combinations were utilized in Hank's buffers to fix extracellular free
      Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+f] for the study of human neutrophil lysosomal enzyme
      secretion. Ca2+-dependent neutrophil secretion initiated by formyl-methionyl
      leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and C5a required small amounts of [Ca2+f] (1-3 x 10(
      6) M) while that caused by ionophore A23187 required 10(-5) M or greater [Ca2+f].
      The inhibition of FMLP- and C5a-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion by the
      intracellular Ca2+ antagonist, 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
      (TMB-8) was additive to lowering extracellular [Ca2+f] from 10(-4) M to 10(-6) M
      or blocking plasma membrane Ca2+ flux with verapamil. These results suggest that
      extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ flux may be coupled in the initiation of
      neutrophil secretion caused by FMLP and C5a.

PMID- 6814211
TI  - Fine structural study of Sarcocystis sp. from Egyptian camels (Camelus dromed
      arius).

PMID- 6814209
TI  - Soybean lipoxygenase-1 inhibition by ketone hydrazones.
AB  - Acetone phenylhydrazone has recently been discovered as a predominant inhibitor
      of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase in platelets [1]. We found that besides this
      compound a variety of hydrazones derived from other ketones and hydrazines
      exhibited similar or more interesting inhibition patterns both against soybean
      lipoxygenase and rat renal prostaglandin synthetase. Depending on their molecular
      structure, relatively selective inhibitors of the two arachidonate peroxidation
      pathways are introduced which may be useful tools for further investigation of
      the fatty acid oxygenation cascade.

PMID- 6814210
TI  - The effect of ticlopidine on the aggregation of rat blood platelets and on the
      formation of metabolites from arachidonic acid and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid in
      rat platelets during aggregation, and in the rat kidney.
AB  - The effect of ticlopidine after oral administration was determined on the
      aggregation of rat blood platelets and on the formation of cyclo-oxygenase, and
      lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid (AA) and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic
      acid in rat platelets and in the kidney. 1. Platelet aggregation is inhibited by
      ticlopidine. The effect is dependent on the dose administered and the amount of
      collagen used to induce the aggregation. 2. After the incubation of platelets
      with [1-(14)C]AA and aggregation by collagen, the following substances are
      formed: thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 12L-hydroxy-5,8, 10-heptodecatrienoic acid (HHT),
      12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) small amounts of PGE2 and PGD2
      and an unknown metabolite. Ticlopidine administration during 3 days leads to an
      increase in the amounts of TxB2, PGE2, HHT and the unknown metabolite and a
      decrease in that of AA dependent on the dose administered. After 30 mg/kg the
      amount of HETE is decreased. 3. Under the same conditions, TxB1, PGE1, 12L
      hydroxy-8,10-heptadecadienoic acid (HHD) and HETE (trienoic) are formed from [1
      (14)C]8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid. After 300 mg/kg ticlopidine the amounts of
      TxB1, PGE1 and HHD are increased. 4. In the rat kidney, [1-(14)C]AA is
      transformed into PGF 2 alpha, TxB2, PGE2, PGD2, PGA2, HHT and HETE. After
      ticlopidine administration, PGF 2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2 and PGA2 are increased,
      depending on the dose administered. 5. In this tissue, PGF 1 alpha, TxB1, PGD1,
      PGA1, HHD, HETE (trienoic) and an unknown metabolite are formed from [1
      (14)C]eicosatrienoic acid. There is no effect from the administration of
      ticlopidine on the formation of these substances. 6. These results indicate that
      ticlopidine increases the synthesis of PGs and related substances in rat
      platelets and the kidney. This effect is due to an enhanced metabolism of AA.

PMID- 6814212
TI  - Brain parenchyma penetration by intrathecal ionic and nonionic contrast media.
AB  - Metrizamide, a nonionic water-soluble contrast medium, has been shown to
      penetrate normal brain when injected intrathecally. Recently it was suggested
      that the complications following intrathecal metrizamide are directly related to
      the cerebral concentration reached. Metrizamide, both in experimental animals and
      clinically, is regarded as less neurotoxic than equivalent iodine concentrations
      of ionic contrast media. In this study the degree and depth of brain penetration
      of intrathecal metrizamide and methylglucamine iothalamate (Conray 280), using a
      similar iodine concentration (280 mg l/ml), was compared at 1 hr in adult
      greyhound dogs. The depth of penetration and concentration reached in the
      cortical gray matter was determined by coronal computed tomographic scanning of
      the brain after removal. No significant difference was found between the two
      contrast media, suggesting that the rate of diffusion across the cerebrospinal
      fluid-brain interface is similar and that the difference in neurotoxicity is not
      explained by a reduced concentration of contrast medium in the case of nonionic
      metrizamide, when compared with ionic methylglucamine iothalamate. Using Evans
      blue as a qualitative marker, no evidence of gross blood-brain disruption was
      demonstrated in the area of maximum penetration with either contrast medium.

PMID- 6814214
TI  - Postischemic hypervascularity of the infant brain: differential diagnosis on
      computed tomography.

PMID- 6814213
TI  - Multiplanar metrizamide-enhanced CT imaging of the foramen magnum.
AB  - Definition of masses and malformations at the foramen magnum has been less than
      optimal with traditional radiographic techniques. The use of intrathecal
      metrizamide with computed tomographic (CT) scanning improves contrast resolution
      and facilitates detection of abnormalities that may not be apparent on Pantopaque
      cisternography, plain films, or conventional axial CT alone. Fifty patients with
      clinically suspected foramen-magnum lesions were evaluated with this technique.
      Forty were abnormal with the following findings: 14 cases of the Chiari
      malformation (five cases had associated syringomyelia), five meningiomas, three
      neuromas, a chondrosarcoma, a chordoma, and five cervical and three brainstem
      gliomas. Six cases of syringomyelia, a large posterior-fossa subarachnoid cyst,
      and an anomaly of the cisterna magna were also diagnosed. Sagittal and coronal
      images were beneficial in defining tonsillar position, configuration of the
      fourth ventricle, and the relations of mass lesions to the spinal canal and
      subarachnoid space. Metrizamide CT cisternography provides superior spatial and
      contrast resolution of lesions at the foramen magnum not obtainable with other
      radiographic techniques. Morbidity is minimal because of the low dose of
      metrizamide used. Multiplanar reformations are particularly helpful in assessing
      anatomic detail not readily recognized on axial scans alone.

PMID- 6814215
TI  - Tomographic abnormalities simulating pituitary microadenomas.
AB  - False-positive and false-negative interpretations of sellar tomography were found
      in about one-fifth of cases in a recent autopsy study correlating the presence of
      pituitary microadenomas with abnormal sellar tomograms. An analysis of minor
      variations in the bony configuration of the sella disclosed variations due to
      posterior lobe asymmetry, intercavernous venous channels, bony asymmetry, and an
      empty sella in 27 of the 120 sellas examined. In some instances, the asymmetry
      resulted from a combination of these causes. A further study of 50 pituitary
      glands in situ showed posterior lobe asymmetry to be a common anomaly (76%) that
      can produce an obvious disparity between the two halves of the sella. Thus, the
      minor radiologic criteria of local thinning of the anterior wall or floor, slant
      of the floor, or asymmetry of the two halves of the sella must be interpreted
      with caution as being indicative of the presence of pituitary microadenoma. In
      the absence of clinical or biochemical dysfunction, the changes more likely
      result from explainable anatomic causes.

PMID- 6814216
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of neurosarcoidosis: role of computed tomography.

PMID- 6814217
TI  - CT demonstration of sarcoidosis of the optic nerve, frontal lobes, and falx
      cerebri: case report and literature review.

PMID- 6814218
TI  - Calcified brain metastases: demonstration by computed tomography.

PMID- 6814219
TI  - Plain and metrizamide CT of lumbar disk disease: comparison with myelography.
AB  - Computed tomography with and without administration of intrathecal contrast
      material was evaluated in 100 patients with suspected lumbar disk disease.
      Metrizamide computed tomography was performed in 75 patients and plain computed
      tomography was performed in 25. Metrizamide computed tomography was more accurate
      than plain computed tomography. It also disclosed many lesions not shown by
      metrizamide myelography at the lumbosacral level. Very few lesions were revealed
      by myelography that were not seen by metrizamide computed tomography. The small
      amount of intrathecal metrizamide needed for scanning has practically no side
      effects. Experience in 12 patients indicates that the procedure may be performed
      safely on an outpatient basis. This study suggests that computed tomography
      should be given serious consideration as the primary definitive radiographic
      examination of suspected lumbar disk disease.

PMID- 6814220
TI  - Neurofibromatosis with extensive intracranial arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 6814221
TI  - Rupture of an anterior thalamoperforating artery aneurysm: cause of basal ganglia
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 6814223
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 6814222
TI  - Development of delayed epidural hematoma.

PMID- 6814224
TI  - Effects of oxygen administration and alteration in arterial PCO2 on ischemic
      myocardial changes following experimental coronary artery ligation.
AB  - In acute myocardial infarction the effect of oxygen administration in modifying
      infarct size is uncertain. To evaluate this as well as the effects of moderate
      hypocarbia, four groups of anesthetized dogs were studied experimentally for 2
      hours after coronary branch ligation: group I (controls; room air, normal blood
      gases): group IIA (FIo2 50%, normal Paco2); group IIB (FIo2 50%, low Paco2); and
      group IIC (50% oxygen given after ligation, normal Paco2). In addition to
      hemodynamics, the effect of differing blood gas patterns on hemoglobin-oxygen
      affinity (P50) and ischemic alterations of myocardial electrolyte and water
      content were evaluated. Hemodynamic changes among the four groups included
      decreases in LV ejection fraction and cardiac output. The latter was more
      pronounced in the oxygen treated groups with proportionately greater increases in
      systemic resistance. P50 increased in all groups, indicating decreased hemoglobin
      oxygen affinity; in group IIC this increase was significantly greater than in
      group I. In all groups an analysis of central and border areas of myocardial
      ischemia showed loss of potassium and gain of sodium and water, but no beneficial
      effect on this result by oxygen administration pre or post ligation could be
      demonstrated. On the contrary, among those dogs administered oxygen the ischemic
      changes appeared more pronounced than in the control group. Moderate hypocarbia
      did not modify the myocardial electrolyte and water change. The results of this
      study do not support the hypothesis that oxygen administration can favorably
      modify the myocardial changes of ischemia, at least early in the course of
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6814225
TI  - Verapamil therapy for stable exertional angina pectoris.
AB  - Clinical and exercise responses to therapy with the calcium-channel blocking
      agent verapamil were assessed in 26 patients with stable exertional angina
      pectoris using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study
      design. Verapamil, 480 mg daily, reduced the frequency of angina attacks (5.6 +/-
      7.3 to 2.2 +/- 3.0 attacks per week, p less than 0.001) and number of
      nitroglycerin tablets consumed (3.4 +/- 4.9 to 1.2 +/- 2.5 tablets per week, p
      less than 0.05), and increased exercise duration (6.4 +/- 2.1 to 7.5 to 1.8
      minutes, p less than 0.001) (all data are mean +/- standard deviation). These
      changes were significantly better than those seen with placebo. These beneficial
      effects of verapamil were related to significant reduction in the heart rate
      systolic blood pressure product during submaximal exercise. Adverse effects from
      verapamil were few and consisted primarily of constipation in 6 patients. A total
      of 193 patients had been entered in 6 independent clinical trials, which have
      compared verapamil with placebo for the treatment of stable exertional angina
      pectoris, using a similar study design. The combined evidence from all these
      studies indicates that verapamil is a highly effective and safe drug for the
      treatment of stable effort-related angina pectoris.

PMID- 6814227
TI  - Comparative effects of abrupt withdrawal of propranolol and verapamil in angina
      pectoris.
AB  - The potential hazards of abrupt withdrawal of propranolol have been described in
      patients with angina pectoris; however, the effects of abrupt withdrawal from
      long-term therapy with verapamil have not previously been investigated. The
      comparative effects of withdrawal from long-term treatment with propranolol and
      verapamil were assessed in a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized crossover
      study of 20 patients received placebo for 2 weeks, then increasing doses of
      propranolol (60 to 320 mg/day) or verapamil (240 to 480 mg/day) for 3 weeks.
      Patients were then abruptly withdrawn from drug onto placebo for 1 week, followed
      by crossover to the other drug treatment and a second withdrawal period. All 20
      patients were withdrawn from verapamil without evidence of a rebound increase in
      frequency of anginal attacks, blood pressure, heart rate, or rate-pressure
      product and without a rebound deterioration in exercise tolerance. In contrast,
      with propranolol withdrawal, 2 patients (with the highest baseline angina attack
      rate) had a severe exacerbation of their anginal syndrome and could not undergo
      formal exercise testing; the other 18 patients were withdrawn from propranolol
      without incident. Plasma catecholamines were increased during exercise compared
      with rest during all treatments; however, the levels of catecholamines during
      exercise were significantly higher with propranolol than with verapamil and
      placebo (p less than 0.05). Levels of exercise catecholamines returned to placebo
      baseline values after withdrawal of propranolol.

PMID- 6814229
TI  - Sulfur balances in intravenously fed infants: effects of cysteine
      supplementation.
AB  - Sulfur balances were completed in newborn infants parenterally fed with or
      without cysteine. In both groups, the preservative, potassium metabisulfite,
      accounted for the majority of sulfur intake (32 mg S/kg/day), while methionine
      intakes provided an additional 27 sulfate losses accounted for approximately 95%
      of the sulfur excretion, with the remainder contained in amino acids. Balance
      data accounted for over 99% of the sulfur infused in the unsupplemented group,
      but only 90% of that given to the cysteine-supplemented group. Thus, urinary
      excretion of sulfate generally reflects input from either inorganic or amino acid
      sources. Of the sulfur retained in the supplemented group, 75% was calculated to
      be retained in lean tissue and in increases in total body sulfate, but the
      distribution of the remaining 25% remains unknown. The failure to account fully
      for the sulfate provided to the cysteine-supplemented group, however, may be due
      to errors in the balance technique or due to an accumulation of cysteine or
      sulfate in body pools undefined by this study.

PMID- 6814228
TI  - The relationship between iron and lead absorption in humans.
AB  - Approximately 60% of an oral dose of 100 micrograms of 203Pb was retained in 85
      fasting subjects with no difference noted between males and females. Body
      retention was proportional to dose up to 400 micrograms of lead. It was not
      related to the capacity to absorb iron or to the size of body iron stores, nor
      was it affected by the simultaneous ingestion of a 10-fold molar excess of iron.
      The effect of several dietary factors was also determined. Lead retention was
      lowered by eating food, slightly increased by ingestion of fat, but was
      unaffected by the administration of lactose or a 10-fold molar excess of zinc,
      cobalt, or calcium. One chelating agent, ascorbic acid, slightly lowered lead
      retention, whereas another agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, produced a
      marked reduction. Several of these results suggest that human gastrointestinal
      lead absorption behaves differently to that of rodents. In particular, human lead
      retention was found to be unrelated to iron absorption or to body iron stores.

PMID- 6814226
TI  - Long-term effectiveness of verapamil in stable and unstable angina pectoris. One
      year follow-up of patients treated in placebo-controlled double-blind randomized
      clinical trials.
AB  - The clinical responses to 12 months' treatment with verapamil were evaluated in
      63 patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris in whom the effectiveness of
      verapamil had been established in short-term double-blind placebo-controlled
      randomized clinical trials. In 41 patients with effort-related angina, long-term
      responses were sustained for periods exceeding 1 year. Twenty patients were
      evaluated by clinical history and showed a sustained reduction in frequency of
      anginal attacks and consumption of nitroglycerin with verapamil compared with the
      initial placebo control periods; the magnitude of this benefit was similar to
      that observed during double-blind treatment with the drug. Twenty-one patients
      were evaluated by serial treadmill exercise testing and showed a sustained
      improvement in exercise duration after 4, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks of verapamil
      treatment; withdrawal of the drug resulted in a deterioration of exercise
      performance to levels similar to those seen before initiation of therapy. In 22
      patients with unstable angina at rest, verapamil produced an amelioration of
      anginal symptoms that was sustained in most patients for longer than 1 year.
      However, these patients continued to have a high incidence of death and
      myocardial infarction in a frequency similar to that previously reported in large
      clinical studies using either combinations of verapamil and nitrates, nifedipine
      and propranolol, or propranolol and nitrates. Calcium-channel antagonists may
      decrease the number of patients requiring coronary artery bypass surgery for
      relief of refractory angina, but they do not appear to alter the natural history
      of the disease.

PMID- 6814230
TI  - Increased proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma lipids after 2 weeks on a diet
      of tropical seafood.
AB  - Using capillary GLC we analyzed the plasma fatty acids in a group of full-blood
      Aborigines in north western Australia before and after 2 wk on a diet in which
      over 90% of the energy was derived from tropical fish and shellfish. The
      proportion of saturated fatty acids did not change and all monoenoic and omega 6
      fatty acids, except arachidonic, fell significantly. The proportions of
      arachidonic and all omega 3 PUFA rose significantly on the diet. This striking
      rise in arachidonic was evident in all lipid fractions (phospholipids,
      cholesterol esters, and triglycerides). Total triglycerides in fasting plasma
      fell from 1.32 to 0.61 mM after the diet while total cholesterol, which was low
      initially, did not fall significantly. Analysis of the fatty acids in lipid
      extracts from the tropical seafood eaten in the study revealed an arachidonic
      acid content ranging from 4.8 to 14.3% of the total fatty acids. The seafood
      contained almost no linoleic acid but was, as expected, a rich source of omega 3
      fatty acids (13.6 to 31.0% of the total fatty acids). From these data we are able
      to conclude that seafood from tropical waters, unlike seafood from colder waters,
      is a natural source of polyunsaturated fatty acids from both the omega 6 and
      omega 3 series.

PMID- 6814231
TI  - Medium-chain triglycerides: an update.
AB  - A review of the literature on the medical and nutritional use of medium-chain
      triglycerides (MCTs) since 1970 is presented with additional discussions on the
      various modifications and applications of the MCTs in the synthesis of certain
      structured lipids. The metabolism of MCTs in the liver and extrahepatic tissues
      is discussed along with further documentation of the use of MCTs in malabsorption
      and hyperlipidemia cases. Recent applications of MCTs and modified MCTs in
      hyperalimentation, deficiency in the carnitine system, epilepsy, obesity, and
      other special areas of application are cited. The use of medium-chain
      monodiglycerides for dissolving cholesterol gallstones is presented. The
      contraindications for the use of MCTs in ketosis, acidosis, and cirrhosis are
      also discussed. Suggestions for use of MCTs in a variety of medical and
      nutritional applications are presented.

PMID- 6814232
TI  - The histopathology of gamma heavy-chain disease.

PMID- 6814233
TI  - A rapid screening method to increase efficiency in assaying plasma levels of
      clotting factor VIII:C inhibitors.

PMID- 6814234
TI  - A flexible and versatile program for blood-gas quality control.
AB  - A quality control program which related quality control data to maintenance
      procedures has been developed. Whole blood tonometered at three levels of pCO2
      and pO2 is used as the quality control material. A key feature of the program is
      that control values are independent of barometric pressure. The recording format
      consolidates results at all levels for each constituent, and permits direct
      comparison with maintenance procedures or electrode changes. The tonometry system
      consists of a precision gas mixer, Corning Model 192, and a two-channel syringe
      tonometer, Corning Model 184. This system provides several advantages for quality
      control, including: (1) use of Levy-Jenning charts with constant "mean values"
      for tonometered blood; (2) evaluation of electrode linearity over a wide range of
      partial pressures; and (3) multiple values for each parameter tested. Recovery of
      theoretical values over a broad range of partial pressure allows more accurate
      assessment of proportional response for assignment of pO2 "correction factors."
      Differences between instruments may also be investigated in closer detail.

PMID- 6814235
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of sodium selenate on the growth of mycobacterial stock
      cultures.
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sodium selenate supplementation
      (5 micrograms/mL) on the growth characteristics of a variety of mycobacterial
      isolates. Supplemented Lowenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11 agar were compared
      to nonsupplemented media. Eighteen mycobacterium stock isolates were tested.
      Selenate supplementation had no predictable or consistent growth stimulatory
      effect as compared with nonsupplemented media.

PMID- 6814236
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. A morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural
      study of the blood and bone marrow.
AB  - The morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural pathology of the blood and
      bone marrow of an infant with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (MPS VII) is
      reported. The neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils contained
      prominent granulation of the Alder-Reilly type. The lymphocytes, plasma cells,
      osteoblasts, and macrophages contained cytoplasmic inclusions surrounded by clear
      vacuoles. Cytochemically, the granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were
      negative for beta-glucuronidase, negative or weakly metachromatic with toluidine
      blue, and positive for acid phosphatase. Macrophages were negative with toluidine
      blue. A normal staining pattern was present with myeloperoxidase and periodic
      acid-Schiff (PAS). Ultrastructural studies showed abnormal vacuoles in
      neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and
      macrophages. Occasional vacuoles contained Ruthenium Red positive material and
      confirmed the presence of acid mucopolysaccharide in these cells. This report
      confirms previously described abnormalities in peripheral blood cells in MPS VII,
      demonstrates additional abnormalities in bone marrow, and reports cytochemical
      reactions in leukocytes in MPS VII.

PMID- 6814238
TI  - Performance on immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM tests in CAP survey specimens.
AB  - The performance of participants in nine consecutive College of American
      Pathologists (CAP) Survey specimens during 1979-1981 are listed for IgA, IgG, and
      IgM. The majority of participants used either radial immunodiffusion (RID)
      (51.4%) or nephelometric kits (33.6 per cent) manufactured by major firms and
      reported results in mass units (93.5 per cent). When tabulated by kit, prominent
      differences in performance were noticed. Furthermore, definite trends in methods
      employed were evident during the two-year period.

PMID- 6814237
TI  - The 1980 comprehensive blood bank survey of the College of American Pathologists.
AB  - Results of the 1980 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American
      Pathologists are summarized in tabular form. The overall mean of correct
      responses among participating laboratories showed a high degree of correlation
      with Referee Laboratory results in ABO and Rh D typing as well as in
      crossmatching. Some problems existed in the identification and recognition of
      multiple alloantibodies and in the identification of an alloanti-c in the
      presence of rouleaux. Ungraded sample results are reported as well as responses
      to questions regarding the current standards of practice in hospital blood banks.

PMID- 6814239
TI  - Paternity testing: analysis of six blood groups and HLA markers, with particular
      reference to comparison of races.
AB  - Blood groups (ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell, Duffy, and Kidd) and HLA markers were tested
      in cases involving 563 children of disputed parentage. In 149 (26.5%) cases, the
      accused men were excluded as the biologic fathers of the children in question.
      One hundred forty of the 149 exclusions were direct exclusions. Five exclusions
      were based on red blood cell data alone, i.e., HLA was non-exclusionary. Of the
      remaining 414 cases in which the alleged father could not be excluded as the
      biologic father, in 361 (87.2%) instances, the plausibility of paternity ws 95%
      or greater, and in 385 (93.0%) instances the comparison of men value was 20 or
      greater. Caucasians, blacks, and men of other races were involved in 367 (65.1%),
      185 (33%), and 11 (1.9%) cases, respectively. No significant difference among
      races was observed in the rate of exclusion of accused men. However, of the non
      excluded men, in a significantly greater proportion of black men than white men,
      the plausibility of paternity was below 95%. The difference was probably due to
      lower polymorphism of the markers tested in blacks than in whites. It is
      suggested that tests for additional polymorphic genes be directed towards the 12
      15% of the nonexclusionary cases with plausibility of paternity values below 95%.

PMID- 6814240
TI  - Postpartum hemophilia.
AB  - An acquired circulating inhibitor to Factor VIII:C was found in a 27-year-old
      postpartum woman who presented with ecchymoses and hematomas. Postpartum Factor
      VIII:C inhibitors can clinically manifest with signs and symptoms not unlike
      those in a classic hemophiliac. The natural history of this inhibitor is
      typically one of spontaneous disappearance with the return of the patient's
      previous hemostatic capacity. The authors describe a patient with the postpartum
      Factor VIII:C inhibitor, and discuss this unusual disease entity along with the
      therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 6814241
TI  - Sodium valproate-induced liver injury.
AB  - Centrilobular zonal necrosis developed in the liver of a 37-yr-old woman who had
      been taking sodium valproate for 1 month as prophylactic anticonvulsant
      medication after a cranioplasty. A challenge test was positive.
      Ultrastructurally, the hepatocytes revealed megamitochondria with crystalline
      inclusions, disorganized rough endoplasmic reticulum, and no increase in smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggest that cytotoxic liver injury was
      induced by sodium valproate in our patient.

PMID- 6814242
TI  - The generation of antibody diversity.
AB  - By their nature, antibody molecules exhibit a wide range of binding
      specificities. The antigen-binding properties of the antibody reside entirely in
      the amino-terminal portion of the molecule, termed the variable domain.
      Structurally, the combining site specificity is determined by the amino-acid
      residues within 6 short lengths, 3 each in the heavy and light chains, of usually
      variable sequence. The hypervariability of 2 of these lengths arises from the
      somatic recombination of short gene segments into a single stretch of mRNA which
      encodes the entire variable region of 1 polypeptide chain. For example, a V gene
      segment that codes for most of the variable portion of a light chain, can combine
      with one of a number of much shorter J gene segments to create the complete
      variable region gene. In heavy chain genes, a third element, the D gene segment,
      increases the potential for diversity even further. A mechanism has been proposed
      by which variability occurs at the point where 2 gene segments join. Thus, a
      large part of the generation of antibody diversity occurs in the somatic
      recombination of small genetic elements.

PMID- 6814243
TI  - Chlorpromazine-induced lupus anticoagulant and associated immunologic
      abnormalities.
AB  - Chronic administration of chlorpromazine is associated with the development of a
      lupus-like circulating anticoagulant and a variety of immunological
      abnormalities. The prevalence of these findings was studied in 123 psychiatric
      patients. The anticoagulant was present in 11 of 30 patients receiving
      chlorpromazine (CPZ), in none of 17 patients who had been off phenothiazine
      therapy for over a year and in none of 53 controls. It was also seen in 5 of 13
      patients who had been switched from CPZ to another phenothiazine even after
      several years being off CPZ. The anticoagulant was characterized by prolongation
      of the partial thromboplastin time, thromboplastin dilution test, and Russell's
      viper venom time. Washed frozen platelets partially corrected the abnormality
      induced by the anticoagulant. In all but one case the anticoagulant was
      associated with positive antinuclear antibody test and/or increased serum IgM.
      Six of 16 patients also had decreased complement levels, and two had a positive
      direct Coombs' test. None of these patients manifested bleeding, hemolysis,
      splenomegaly, or other clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6814245
TI  - Developing a formulary for enteral nutrition products.
AB  - A formulary for enteral nutrition products was developed at a university
      hospital. Advice was solicited from clinical dietetics and the medical staff.
      Reported important product variables were osmolality, caloric density, protein
      content and source, fat content and source, freedom from lactose, and, for oral
      supplements, available flavors. Data were also obtained from manufacturers
      regarding the composition of their products. Products were categorized as
      follows: liquid supplemental feedings, high calorie supplemental feedings,
      isotonic tube feedings, high caloric/high nitrogen tube feedings, high nitrogen
      tube feedings, and blenderized tube feedings. Bids were solicited in April 1981
      (and annually thereafter) from manufacturers of the classified enteral nutrition
      products, and a contract was signed with the manufacturer in each category
      submitting the lowest bid. In contrast with previous experience, there was no
      loss from outdated products during the first year of the formulary. Categorizing
      enteral nutrition products into therapeutic categories appears to be a workable
      method to limit the number of products used in a hospital, thereby potentially
      decreasing inventory, waste, and hospital costs. The descriptive category titles
      also may encourage rational use of these products without promoting allegiance to
      a particular company or product.

PMID- 6814244
TI  - An assessment of the fibrinolytic system in hemophilia A.
AB  - The fibrinolytic system was assessed in 28 hemophiliacs using the chromogenic
      substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA. To determine whether a state of hyperfibrinolysis
      might be associated with Factor VIII replacement therapy, 14 patients with severe
      disease who were intensively treated with Factor VIII concentrates were compared
      with 14 patients with mild disease who were receiving infrequent transfusions
      with cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma. Seventeen normal males served as
      controls. With the exception of an elevated level of plasminogen activator and a
      decreased level of immediate antiplasmin in the mild group only, no evidence of
      enhanced fibrinolysis was found. Other components of the fibrinolytic system were
      either normal (plasmin) or increased (progressive antiplasmin containing both
      alpha 2PI and alpha 2M, and plasminogen). The elevated plasminogen levels were
      found only in the severe intensively transfused group. The elevated progressive
      antiplasmin levels were found in both groups of patients and did not appear to be
      related to transfusions. These findings do not support the concept of enhanced
      fibrinolysis associated with intensive Factor VIII replacement therapy.

PMID- 6814246
TI  - Cost justifying a pharmacy residency program.
AB  - Cost justification of a pharmacy residency training program was prepared. The
      contributions of the pharmacy residents were tabulated and compared with the cost
      of the program to the hospital. Contributions were determined by identifying the
      activities performed by residents that could be quantified in financial terms.
      The residents' activities that benefited the hospital included administrative
      support, completion of special projects, scheduling staff assignments, and
      coordinating education programs. Costs were derived from salaries, fringe
      benefits, and training expense. An output value analysis was performed by
      comparing the contributions of the residents to the institution with the cost of
      the training program. The contributions of the residents exceeded the costs of
      the training program by a ratio of 1.3 to 1.

PMID- 6814247
TI  - Sterility of partially used irrigating solutions.

PMID- 6814248
TI  - The bone marrow as a metabolic organ.

PMID- 6814250
TI  - Folic acid deficiency and neutrophil dysfunction.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions were studied in 92 patients with protein
      calorie malnutrition. Serum folic acid levels were higher than 3 ng/ml in 38
      patients and 3 ng/ml or less in 54 patients. Significant differences were found
      between these two groups of patients with regard to phagocytosis (81.5 +/- 1.9
      versus 69.2 +/- 2.0 percent, p less than 0.001) and bactericidal ability (90.6 +/
      1.1 versus 84.5 +/- 2.3 percent, p less than 0.05). Correction of folic acid
      deficiency in 22 patients was associated with recovery of normal phagocytosis (p
      less than 0.001) but not bactericidal function. Adding folic acid to the serum of
      eight patients also restored normal phagocytic function (p less than 0.001). A
      correlation was found in vivo and in vitro between changes over time in folic
      acid levels and in phagocytosis.

PMID- 6814251
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition-related infections. Prospective epidemiologic study
      using semiquantitative methods.
AB  - Studies of total parenteral nutrition-related infection have incorrectly relied
      on positive results on culture of the cannula tip to confirm the source. We
      undertook a prospective study of total parenteral nutrition-related infections in
      adult patients by obtaining blood from all total parenteral nutrition lines for
      pour-plate culture twice weekly and culturing intravascular line segments by the
      technique of Maki. Twelve of 100 courses of total parenteral nutrition (12
      percent) in 69 patients resulted in infections--five (5.0 percent) had sepsis,
      and seven (7.0 percent) had local infection. In five of these 12, pour-plate
      culture gave positive results (five of 38 pour plates) with counts of 8 colony
      forming units per ml (cfu/ml) for Candida tropicalis, and 25 to more than 1,000
      for bacterial isolates. In nine of 12, culture of the intravascular line segment
      gave positive results with more than 50 cfu/ml. Pathogens isolated from
      intravascular line segments included Staphylococcus epidermidis (three cases),
      Candida species (three cases), Staphylococcus aureus (two cases), Serratia
      marcescens (one case) and mixed bacterial pathogens (one case). In contrast, pour
      plate culture gave positive results in only seven of 88 uninfected (control)
      courses (318 pour plates), and culture of intravascular line segments gave
      positive results in two of 65 uninfected courses (p less than 0.001). No
      differences existed among patients with and without infection with regard to age,
      underlying disease, surgery, systemic antibiotic usage, or the presence of other
      infections. The duration of total parenteral nutrition was longer in courses
      without infection than in courses with infection (14.7 +/- 9.4 days versus 11.0
      +/- 4.0 days; p less than 0.02). In six of 12 courses with infection, the line
      had been violated compared with 22 of 88 courses without infection (p less than
      0.001). T-connectors for the centra administration of intralipid were associatd
      with infection (p less than 0.02). The value of routine pour-plate culture was
      illustrated in three courses in which the positive pour-plate culture results
      antedated positive blood culture results or line removal.

PMID- 6814249
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities in patients with neoplastic meningitis. An
      evaluation using 111indium-DTPA ventriculography.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics were evaluated by 111Indium-diethylenetriamine
      pentaacetic acid (111In-DTPA) ventriculography in 27 patients with neoplastic
      meningitis. Nineteen patients (70 percent) had evidence of cerebrospinal fluid
      flow disturbances. These occurred as ventricular outlet obstructions,
      abnormalities of flow in the spinal canal, or flow distrubances over the cortical
      convexities. Tumor histology, physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis,
      myelograms, and computerized axial tomographic scans were not sufficient to
      predict cerebrospinal fluid flow patterns. These data indicate that cerebrospinal
      fluid flow abnormalities are common in patients with neoplastic meningitis and
      that 111In-DTPA cerebrospinal fluid flow imaging is useful in characterizing
      these abnormalities. This technique provides insight into the distribution of
      intraventricularly administered chemotherapy and may provide explanations for
      treatment failure and drug-induced neurotoxicity in patients with neoplastic
      meningitis.

PMID- 6814252
TI  - Disseminated listeriosis presenting as acute hepatitis. Case reports and review
      of hepatic involvement in listeriosis.
AB  - We report three cases of disseminated listeriosis that presented as acute
      hepatitis characterized by striking increase of liver function test values and
      fever. Peak serum transaminases (SGOT) for each of three patients were 5,380,
      2,350, and 443 mu/ml respectively. The correct diagnosis was not suspected in any
      of the patients until blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures obtained routinely
      in the course of evaluation for fever grew Listeria monocytogenes. When
      antibiotic therapy was instituted, serum transaminase values plummeted in two
      patients; these two were eventually cured of their infection. The third patient
      succumbed to his infection; postmortem examination showed miliary abscesses of
      the liver which revealed L. monocytogenes. Review of the literature for previous
      reports of hepatic involvement in adult patients with listeriosis shows that
      hepatitis is an unusual mode of presentation. However, since we observed these
      three cases over a one-year period, we suspect this may not be an uncommon
      occurrence.

PMID- 6814254
TI  - Laboratory detection of complement activation and complement deficiencies.
AB  - The complement system is the major humoral amplification and effector mechanism
      of the immune system. Complement is activated in a variety of conditions,
      especially in immune-complex diseases. Activation can result in consumption of
      components involved in either the classical or the alternative complement pathway
      or both pathways. Such activation can be detected by laboratory analysis,
      quantitating specific complement component levels and measuring hemolytic
      function. An integrated approach to the laboratory evaluation of complement can
      ascertain which complement pathway is being activated, either in vivo or in
      vitro. Complement deficiency states are not rare, and a large enough number of
      such patients have now been detected for the patterns of disease susceptibility
      to be recognized. Since inherited deficiency of a complement protein may have
      dire consequences, it is important for laboratory technologists to recognize the
      patterns of reactivity associated with these deficiency states. The physician can
      then be alerted so that appropriate and effective preventive or therapeutic
      measures can be taken. In addition, the study of patients lacking an individual
      complement component has provided substantial understanding of the role of the
      complement system in host defense and inflammation.

PMID- 6814253
TI  - Absorption of warm autoantibodies using glutaraldehyde-treated human red cells.
AB  - Serum from patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia often contains
      antibodies which react with all red cell samples and interfere with compatibility
      testing. We describe a modification of the triple absorption procedure to absorb
      this "non specific" antibody reactivity from the patient's serum without
      decreasing the reactivity of clinically significant alloantibodies. The
      alloantibodies can thus be identified and compatibility testing can be performed.
      Red cells from selected outdated donor bloods were treated with ficin and fixed
      with glutaraldehyde. Samples from 79 patients whose red cells had a positive
      direct antiglobulin test and whose serum contained warm autoantibodies were
      absorbed with these cells. The results were in agreement with those obtained by
      warm autoabsorption or the triple absorption procedures which were used routinely
      in our laboratory. It was concluded that glutaraldehyde treatment of red cells
      does not decrease the sensitivity of the triple absorption procedure and in
      addition the method is practical, economical, and simple to use for personnel
      trained in blood bank techniques. It takes less time than standard procedures
      because the red cells can be prepared and stored until needed. It is particularly
      useful for testing sera from patients who have a low hematocrit or who have
      received blood transfusions in the past three months, situations in which the
      warm autoabsorption method may not be effective.

PMID- 6814255
TI  - Effect of maternal ketoacidemia on the pregnant ewe and the fetus.
AB  - Poorly controlled diabetic pregnancies are associated with hyperglycemia and
      elevated ketones. While glucose is known to cross the placenta, there is limited
      information regarding the placental transfer of ketones and their associated
      cardiovascular and metabolic effects in the fetus. Thus, the present study was
      undertaken to evaluate the transfer of the ketoacid beta hydroxybutyrate across
      the ovine placenta and to determine the effects of this ketoacid on maternal and
      fetal physiologic and metabolic parameters. Pregnant ewes (110 to 120 days'
      gestation) were instrumented with catheters in the lateral branch of both uterine
      arteries, uterine veins, femoral artery, and femoral vein, and electromagnetic
      flow probes were placed on both middle uterine arteries. Catheters were placed in
      the fetal carotid artery and jugular vein, and a catheter and balloon were placed
      in the amniotic fluid. Beta hydroxybutyrate (0.39 mmole/100 ml of uterine blood
      flow) and antipyrine (00.27 mmole/100 ml of uterine blood flow) as a second
      reference marker, were infused simultaneously into the uterine arteries for a
      period of 2 hours. The beta hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the uterine vein
      increased to 5.93 +/- 1.32 mmoles/L, and were associated with a significant
      increase in maternal heart rate and a slight but significant reduction in uterine
      blood flow. No changes in maternal arterial blood gas values were noted. The
      concentration of beta hydroxybutyrate in the fetal carotid arteries increased
      from 0.01 +/- 0.01 mmole/l to 0.15 +/- 0.03 mmole/L, and were associated with a
      significant reduction in fetal PaO2 (24.2 +/- 0.9 to 17.9 +/- 1.9 mm Hg) and an
      elevation of fetal lactate levels (1.86 +/- 0.17 to 5.07 +/- 1.56 mmoles/L).

PMID- 6814256
TI  - Isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency in a woman with X chromosomal
      mosaicism.
AB  - Primary amenorrhea was observed in a 40-year-old woman with a proportionate
      female habitus. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) (71 to 97 mIU/ml) and
      estradiol (less than 10 pg/ml) were in the postmenopausal range, while follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) remained at the lower limit of detection (1 to 6
      mIU/ml). LH was found to be biologically active in a mouse Leydig cell
      testosterone production assay. Chromosomal analysis revealed three major cell
      lines: 5% 45,X; 83% 46,XX; and 3% 47,XXX. The remaining cells showed apparently
      random aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangements. Intravenous administration of
      150 micrograms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced a threefold elevation
      in LH but did not alter FSH levels. Review of ovarian biopsies performed at age
      22 revealed a multitude of primordial follicles and one follicle with antrum
      formation. There was no evidence of recent or past ovulation. An insulin
      tolerance test evoked normal responses in serum growth hormone, prolactin, and
      cortisol. This is the first reported case of an isolated deficiency of FSH
      associated with mosaicism of the X chromosome. This coexistence of functional and
      genetic aberrations suggests that the differential secretion of LH and FSH may be
      related to specific independent loci on the X chromosome.

PMID- 6814257
TI  - Collaborative practice in obstetrics/gynecology: implications for cost, quality,
      and productivity.
AB  - Rising costs, concern over quality of care, and low worker productivity are some
      of the factors suggesting a need for revision in the organization of the health
      care delivery system. Reorganization of the nurse-physician working relationship
      through the establishment of collaborative practice can serve as the mechanism
      for improving cost, quality, and productivity outcomes. This analysis evaluates
      collaborative practice within the disciplines of obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 6814258
TI  - Occipital bunning among later Pleistocene Hominids.

PMID- 6814259
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the distal humerus of some Cenozoic Catarrhines: the
      Late Divergence Hypothesis revisited.
AB  - Washburn's Late Divergence Hypothesis (LDH) makes a series of predictions about
      the phyletic affinities of extant hominoids and also predicts the locomotor
      behavior of the "formative ape," the common ancestor to the African apes and
      humans, and of the earliest hominids. The present study explores some of these
      predictions in the light of distal humerus morphology. Multivariate analysis of
      distal humerus metrics, corrected for the within-groups distortion of shape by
      size, was used to compare a broad sample of 22 modern anthropoid taxa with 15
      fossils from the Fayum, Rusinga Island, Ft. Ternan, Neudorf an der March,
      Kanapoi, Kromdraai, Lake Turkana, and Hadar. The results of this analysis support
      some aspects of the LDH, while other aspects are unresolved. Specifically, the
      distal humeri of the large hominoids are very distinct from those of other
      anthropoids; however, Hylobates is not associated clearly with either hominoids
      or monkeys. This suggests that "brachiation" (sensu Hylobates) is too specialized
      a behavior and cannot explain the common set of characteristics known to unify
      the hominoids. Among the large apes, there is no discrimination that can be made
      between the African apes and Pongo, and Homo appears only slightly closer to
      Pongo than to the other apes. This offers little insight into the question of
      whether humans did, or did not, go through a "knuckle-walking" stage in their
      ancestry. The Oligocene and Miocene distal humeri sustain Washburn's assertion
      that the "formative apes" resembled the suspensory quadrupedal platyrrhines like
      Ateles. The Miocene P. africanus specimen highlights the uniqueness of Hylobates
      in showing that this fossil "bridges" the morphology of the acrobatic cebids and
      the morphology of the larger apes; it appears to be clearly "intermediate"
      between the two groups. Hylobates, by contrast, has affinities with no fossil,
      does not connect with the apes, and is generally isolated except for its
      connection with colobines. Among the Plio-Pleistocene fossils, the Hadar sample
      proves to be quite primitive, and may be close to the point where hominids and
      pongids diverged. The Kanapoi distal humerus (KP 271), far from being more "human
      like" than Australopithecus, clearly associates with the hyperrobust
      Australopithecines from Lake Turkana. The stratigraphically late Kromdraai distal
      humerus is the only hominid to be projected near Homo. The Plio-Pleistocene
      hominids generally evince a pattern consistent with the prediction of a late
      separation of hominids and pongids. But, the results of this study, like many
      before it, fail to resolve the central question of whether the last common
      ancestor of the African apes and humans "knuckle-walked." It is suggested here
      that this may be an unresolvable problem.

PMID- 6814260
TI  - Polyamine metabolism and function.
AB  - Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations of low molecular weight. The content of
      these amines is closely regulated by the cell according to the state of growth.
      The reactions responsible for the biosynthesis and interconversion of the
      polyamines and their precursor putrescine are described and the means by which
      polyamine content can be varied in response to exogenous stimuli are discussed.
      The role of polyamines in the cell cycle, cell division, tissue growth, and
      differentiation is considered. Recent studies using highly specific inhibitors of
      polyamine biosynthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine to prevent
      accumulation of polyamines have indicated that the synthesis of polyamines is
      intimately associated with these processes. Such inhibitors have great potential
      for investigation of the cellular role of polyamines.

PMID- 6814262
TI  - Decreased rate of protein breakdown during nutritional recovery of mouse kidney.
AB  - After a 5-day protein-depletion diet, there is a 23% decrease in kidney protein
      content in mice. When mice are shifted to a normal diet, protein mass is restored
      to its normal value 15 h after the nutritional change. The mechanism for this
      protein-depleted mice have a protein synthesis efficiency in vivo equal to 71% of
      that in normal kidneys, and normal values were reached within 6 h after the
      nutritional shift; 2) protein degradation rates were estimated either from the
      difference between the synthesis of kidney proteins and the net protein increase
      or by the disappearance of radioactivity from kidney proteins previously labeled
      by the administration of NaH14CO3 to mice. By both procedures, a large decrease
      in protein degradation rates during the recovery through a complete diet was
      observed.

PMID- 6814263
TI  - Antifolliculogenic action of progesterone despite hypersecretion of FSH in
      monkeys.
AB  - To learn how progesterone (P) inhibits follicle growth during the luteal phase,
      we determined whether P will inhibit follicle growth when follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) is secreted in large amounts, namely, after luteectomy (CLX) in
      monkeys with only one ovary. Second, a functional role for 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) was examined as a common mediator of the inhibition
      of folliculogenesis by the dominant follicle and corpus luteum. To accomplish the
      first goal, nine chronically hemiovarectomized monkeys were lutectomized
      chronically hemiovariectomized monkeys were luteectomized at midluteal phase. In
      five monkeys that received no steroid, the next preovulatory luteinizing hormone
      (LH) surge occurred 14.0 +/- 0.8 days (mean +/- SE) after CLX. In contrast, the
      next LH surge was delayed in four monkeys implanted for 10 days with Silastic
      capsules containing P and occurred 25.0 +/- 2.7 days after CLX, i.e., 14.8 +/-
      2.7 days after the capsule removal. In both groups, FSH levels increased markedly
      after CLX to a comparable degree and duration; yet, only a single follicle
      ovulated in each monkey. To examine a potential inhibitory role for 17OHP,
      monkeys with two ovaries were luteectomized and received 1) no steroid, 2) 17OHP
      via Silastic capsules, or 3) P for 10 days after CLX. Progesterone replacement
      after CLX appeared to maintain 17OHP levels, which showed a transient decrease
      after CLX alone. As above, P delayed the next LH surge (25.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 15.0 +/-
      0.6 days) despite comparable increases in serum FSH after CLX alone. Replacement
      at two levels of 17OHP did not delay the onset of menses (2-3 days post-CLX) or
      significantly delay the next LH surge 18.3 +/!- 1.9 or 20.8 +/- 3.4 vs. 15.0 +/-
      0.6 days (P greater than 0.2) in monkeys CLX only. Whatever may be the mode of
      action of P, it appears that it is not mediated by peripheral conversion to
      17OHP. These findings demonstrate that P at luteal phase levels can inhibit
      follicle growth culminating in ovulation even in the face of sustained, elevated
      levels of endogenous FSH. Because single ovulations occurred despite unambiguous
      and prolonged increments in serum FSH after CLX, the precise regulation of the
      ovulatory quota in this primate appears to be accomplished by means other than
      FSH alone.

PMID- 6814261
TI  - 5-HT-stimulated arachidonic acid release from labeled phosphatidylinositol in
      blowfly salivary glands.
AB  - In blowfly salivary glands, breakdown of phosphatidylinositol has been linked to
      the activation of hormone-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Addition of 5
      hydroxytryptamine to blowfly salivary glands stimulated the breakdown of
      phosphatidylinositol prelabeled with 32P or [3H]arachidonic acid. This was
      associated with a transient accumulation of [3H]arachidonic-labeled diglyceride.
      There was no appreciable effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on breakdown of
      phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine labeled with 32P or
      [3H]arachidonic acid, indicating that phosphatidylinositol was the immediate
      source of diglyceride. Extracellular Ca2+ was necessary for [3H]arachidonic acid
      but not 32P loss from phosphatidylinositol. Addition of arachidonic acid to
      salivary glands did not stimulate salivary gland secretion or 45Ca flux. In
      contrast, 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulated both salivary gland secretion and 45Ca
      flux. These results indicate that, although [3H]arachidonic acid is incorporated
      into phosphatidylinositol and its release from this phospholipid is increased by
      5-hydroxytryptamine, the liberated arachidonic acid does not stimulate salivary
      gland secretion or 45Ca flux.

PMID- 6814264
TI  - Diuretic response to acute hypoxia in the conscious dog.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the renal effects of acute hypoxia in
      conscious normovolemic dogs. Dogs were made hypoxic and also became hypocapnic
      through increased ventilation. Hypocapnic hypoxia was associated with increased
      urine flow, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, PAH and inulin clearance,
      and electrolyte excretion. Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) also
      increased during hypocapnic hypoxia. To test whether the respiratory alkalosis
      accompanying hypoxic exposure was important in mediating the observed response,
      experiments were conducted in which the dogs were hypoxic but remained isocapnic
      via addition of CO2 to the inspired gas. Urine flow increased and was associated
      with changes in renal function and hemodynamics similar to those during
      hypocapnic hypoxia. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether the
      increased PGE2 release in hypoxia was functionally significant. Dogs were
      pretreated with meclofenamate and then made hypoxic. Prostaglandin synthesis
      inhibition did not alter the renal response to hypocapnic hypoxia. Dogs were also
      treated chronically with propranolol in an attempt to blunt the rise in blood
      pressure during hypoxia. In dogs with only a small transient increase in blood
      pressure, the diuresis was blocked. It is concluded that systemic hypoxia results
      in a mild diuresis in the conscious normovolemic dog. This response occurs
      independent of changes in arterial pH or renal prostaglandin release. The
      diuretic effect of hypoxia is probably due to increased renal perfusion pressure
      and resultant increased filtration.

PMID- 6814265
TI  - Requirement of Na+ and K+ for the action of antidiuretic hormone on water
      permeability.
AB  - Previous reports have shown that in the toad bladder the absence of serosal Na+
      or K+ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the osmotic
      permeability (Pf) but not on diffusional permeability (PDW) to water. This
      dissociation could be due to unstirred layers with low PDW, precluding detection
      of changes in the PDW of the cells. When serosal Na+ was replaced by choline, Pf
      (micrometer/s) was inhibited from 201 to 65. In the same conditions, if
      appropriate corrections were made to allow for the PDW of unstirred layers in the
      bulk phase and stroma, the PDW (micrometers/s) of the cellular pathway decreased
      from 19.8 to 15.9. The Pf/PDW ration then became 10 in the presence of serosal
      Na+ and 11 in its absence. When serosal K+ was deleted Pf decreased from 197 to
      127 and PDW (corrected for unstirred layers) from 19.8 to 13.1 The Pf/PDW ratio
      was 10, both in the presence and absence of serosal K+. In conclusion, it is
      impossible to estimate the effect of any given experimental manipulation on the
      ADH-induced increase in PDW and compare it with the effect of Pf unless attention
      is paid to the restrictions upon measurements of diffusion imposed by unstirred
      layers. The deletion of Na+ or K+ from the serosa inhibits the effect of ADH on
      Pf and PDW to the same extent. Therefore, their presence in the serosa is
      essential for a full effect of ADH on the permeability to water of the apical
      membrane.

PMID- 6814266
TI  - Site of thyroxine-evoked decrease of jejunal lactase in the rat.
AB  - Localization of thyroid-mediated decrease of lactase activity along the villus
      crypt unit in adult rat jejunum was studied 24 and 48 h after first injection of
      L-thyroxine (200 micrograms/100 g body wt) every 24 h. [3H]thymidine was also
      given at time of first thyroxine injection. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone,
      food intake, and body weight were significantly decreased within 24 h. Total
      jejunal protein and villus-crypt height were unchanged during the time period
      studied. Lactase activity (expressed both as per tissue protein and per
      intestinal segment) was significantly decreased in jejunum and midjejunum within
      24 h. Serial sectioning of the jejunal villus-crypt unit in a cryostat showed
      that the site of decrease in lactase activity at 24 h was in the apical villus
      and by 48 h extended along the entire height of the villus. Epithelial cell
      migration measured both by histoautoradiography and scintillation counting of
      [3H]thymidine in cryostat sections revealed no difference between control and
      thyroid-treated animals at both 24 and 48 h. The decrease in lactase activity at
      24 h was in advance of the leading edge of radioactivity, indicating that the
      thyroid-evoked response occurred in mature enterocytes already on the villus.

PMID- 6814268
TI  - Water intoxication and lithium.

PMID- 6814267
TI  - Regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen delivery in fetal, newborn, and adult
      sheep.
AB  - We measured and calculated their product, regional myocardial oxygen delivery, in
      unanesthetized, previously instrumented fetal, newborn, and adult sheep. In the
      fetus, blood flow and oxygen delivery were greater to the right ventricular free
      wall than to the left ventricular free wall. In the left ventricular free wall
      oxygen delivery increased significantly after birth and later decreased to a
      level in the adult that was similar to that of the fetus. There was a progressive
      decrease in oxygen delivery to the right ventricular free wall during the
      developmental period that we studied. Although the inner-to-outer blood flow
      ratio was significantly lower for the left and right ventricular free walls of
      the fetuses as compared with the newborns and adults, the ratio was greater than
      one in all three groups for both of the ventricular free walls. These data
      demonstrate that the changes that occur in the circulation after birth are
      associated with significant alterations in right and left ventricular myocardial
      blood flow and oxygen delivery, which most likely reflect changes in regional
      myocardial metabolic demands. In addition, there are further significant changes
      in regional myocardial blood flow during the transition from the newborn to adult
      hemodynamics.

PMID- 6814269
TI  - A prospective study of long-term care institutionalization among the aged.
AB  - A statewide probability sample of 1,625 elders living in Massachusetts are
      studied prospectively to identify key determinants of long-term care (LTC)
      institutionalization. One-hundred forty-seven elders, 9 per cent of the original
      cohort, entered a LTC institution during the six-year investigation. Using
      logistic multiple regression, we examine the predictive power of 19 independent
      variables grouped into six categories: demographic characteristics, attitude,
      social context, long-term care needs, physical disability, and mental/emotional
      disability. Five variables are significantly related to institutionalization:
      advancing age, using ambulatory aids, mental disorientation, living alone, and
      using assistance to perform "instrumental" ADL (activities of daily living).
      These results may be helpful to those trying to target non-institutional services
      to elders for use as substitutes for institutional long-term care. They may also
      help explain why recent experimental tests of substituting non-institutional care
      for institutional services have been less than successful.

PMID- 6814270
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): I. production,
      specificity, and intramolecular binding sites.
AB  - Thirty-nine monoclonal antibody (MCA) producing hybridoma cell lines derived from
      fusions of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been established. Their products have been
      tested in radioimmunoassays using 125I-labeled hCG, luteinizing hormone (LH),
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the alpha
      (alpha) and beta (beta) subunits of hCG and LH, and the C-terminal peptide 109
      145 (CTP) of CG. All MCA were, in addition, tested in indirect immunofluorescence
      (IIF) on paraffin sections of human pituitary glands. According to the
      intramolecular localization of the determinants recognized, three main groups of
      MCA can be distinguished: 1) MCA directed against epitopes on the alpha
      chain(alpha-MCA), 2) MCA directed against beta-chain determinants(beta-MCA), and
      3) MCA reacting with a conformational determinant only present on the native
      hormone and not on either subunit (conformational-MCA). All alpha-MCA cross-react
      with human LH, FSH, and TSH. The beta-MCA do not react with FSH or TSH, but do
      react to a varying degree with LH. The conformational-MCA show no binding of
      labeled FSH or TSH and very little or no cross-reactivity with LH. (Am J Reprod
      Immunol. 1982; 2:212-216.)

PMID- 6814271
TI  - A comparison of men's and women's professional basketball injuries.
AB  - Injuries sustained by male and female professional basketball teams were
      compared. Injuries from two consecutive seasons were coded, and computer-based
      cross-tabulations comparing sex, body part, and type of injury were performed.
      The women's injury frequency was 1.6 times that of men. The body part most
      frequently injured on both teams was the ankle. Women sustained significantly
      more knee and thigh injuries as well as sprains, strains, and contusions. Men had
      significantly more muscle spasms. Other injuries occurred in similar patterns in
      both sexes. Alterations in training programs are suggested with emphasis on
      women's strengthening and men's flexibility.

PMID- 6814272
TI  - Cryotherapy in ankle sprains.
AB  - This study assesses recovery from ankle sprains. Thirty-seven final participants
      were categorized according to the severity of their injury and the use of
      cryotherapy (15 minutes, one to three times per day) versus heat therapy (15
      minutes, one to three times per day) for a minimum of three days. Therapy
      commenced either less than one hour, from one to 36 hours, or greater than 36
      hours after traumatic event. Sprains were graded into five categories based on
      severity of the injury, but only two categories, subject to conservative
      treatment, are considered in this study. The study showed that cryotherapy
      started within 36 hours after the injury was statistically more effective than
      heat therapy for complete and rapid recovery. Patients in a group with Grade four
      sprains (unable to bear weight because of pain) reached full activity in 13.2
      days compared to 30.4 days in a group using cryotherapy initiated 36 hours after
      injury or to 33.3 days in a group using heat therapy. Therefore, early use of
      cryotherapy, continued with adhesive compression, is an effective treatment of
      ankle sprains yielding earlier complete recovery than late cryotherapy or heat
      therapy.

PMID- 6814273
TI  - Effect of biliary reconstruction procedures on gastric acid secretion.
AB  - In 26 patients with Roux-Y choledochojejunostomy and 10 with jejunal
      interposition choledochoduodenostomy, gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion
      and serum levels of gastrin and secretin after feeding were examined before
      operation and at the time of follow-up. The follow-up levels of maximum acid
      output were higher than those before operation in each group, and they tended to
      be higher in patients with Roux-Y choledochojejunostomy (Group I) than in those
      with jejunal interposition choledochoduodenostomy (Group II), but the difference
      was not significant. There was no instance of postoperative peptic ulcer in
      either group. The levels of serum gastrin after feeding tended to be higher in
      Group II, whereas serum secretin levels were contrarily higher in Group I. The
      changes in these hormones could be considered not as the cause but rather as the
      outcome of the changes in postoperative gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 6814275
TI  - [Diagnosis of the fetal distress state by indices of the acid-base and gas
      composition of the blood].

PMID- 6814274
TI  - Inhibition of gastric mucosal carbonic anhydrase by taurocholic acid and other
      ulcerogenic agents.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme catalyzing hydration of CO2 and vice versa, is
      exceptionally abundant in the gastric mucosa, including the surface epithelial
      cells where it seems to have a protective function. The present study evaluated
      various ulcerogenic agents in terms of their ability to influence the activity of
      carbonic anhydrase in the gastric mucosa. Taurocholic acid, acetylsalicylic acid,
      and ethanol all significantly inhibited carbonic anhydrase derived from gastric
      mucosa of the rat in in vitro conditions, and this inhibition occurred in
      concentrations that are likely to be present within the stomach. In contrast,
      lysolecithin and urea had no effect on carbonic anhydrase activity. In in vivo
      situations, intragastric taurocholic acid (20 mM) likewise significantly
      inhibited the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the gastric mucosa. The
      inhibition was stronger in the presence of luminal acid (hydrochloric acid, 100
      mM) than in the absence of it. In contrast, intragastric acetylsalicylic acid (20
      mM) or ethanol (20 percent vol/vol) had no effect. Yet, intravenous
      acetylsalicylic acid (20 mg/kg body weight) did have a slight but significant
      inhibitory action. The results indicate that taurocholic acid is able to inhibit
      gastric mucosal carbonic anhydrase, a feature which may contribute to its
      ulcerogenic action. Even though acetylsalicylic acid and ethanol likewise inhibit
      gastric carbonic anhydrase in vitro conditions, their action in in vivo
      situations remains questionable.

PMID- 6814276
TI  - [Oxygen tension in the amniotic fluid in normal and pathological pregnancy].

PMID- 6814277
TI  - [Computer prognosis of the fetal status in immunological conflict of erythrocyte
      antigens].

PMID- 6814278
TI  - [Neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 6814279
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with congenital malformations
      accompanied by central nervous system disorders.
AB  - In 20 patients with congenital brain disorders, the influence of the CNS
      maldevelopment on the neuroendocrine system was investigated by assessment of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary function through measurements of the secretory reserve of
      pituitary hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, LH and FSH) in response to injections of
      insulin, TRH and LH-RH, and of the secretion of sleep-dependent pituitary
      hormones with polygraphic recording. The subjects consisted of 9 patients with
      midline anomalies of the brain and face, 3 patients with hydrocephalus,
      hydroencephalodysplasia or microcephalus, and 8 patients with the malformation
      syndrome associated with mental retardation. Ten of the 18 patients examined
      showed normal responses of GH secretion in the loading test (secretory peaks:
      greater than 10 ng/ml). But only 4 of these patients were found normal in respect
      of GH secretory peaks of more than 10 ng/ml during sleep. Of these 17 children, 5
      showed abnormal values for basal secretion of PRL, and/or the secretory peak of
      PRL on injection of TRH. Two children showed hypersecretion of PRL during sleep.
      One patient out of the 19 examined was unresponsive in gonadotropin secretion to
      injection of LH-RH and 2 patients displayed excessive responses. During sleep, 4
      of the 13 patients studied were found to be hypersecretory and 2 hyposecretory of
      gonadotropin. These results suggest that abnormalities in pituitary hormone
      secretion are frequently present in patients with CNS maldevelopment, and growth
      disturbances and abnormal sexual development may in some instances be due to
      endocrine abnormalities.

PMID- 6814281
TI  - Long-term treatment with oral sustained-release theophylline.
AB  - The treatment of chronic asthma with a sustained-release theophylline preparation
      was evaluated in a placebo controlled, 2 X 4 week, randomised, double-blind
      study. The dose which would give serum theophylline levels in the range of 10-20
      mcg/ml had been previously determined for each patient. This individualization of
      dosage resulted in 80% of the patients having serum concentrations within the 10
      20 mcg/ml therapeutic range. The average daily dose taken by males was 998.55 mg
      (range 700-1175 mg) and by females 778.1 (range 500-1000 mg). Of the 33 patients
      who completed the study 28 had less asthma during the theophylline period, four
      did not respond and one did better during the placebo period. No serious side
      effects were reported. During theophylline therapy, patient's requirements for
      aerosol bronchodilators were significantly reduced.

PMID- 6814280
TI  - Reversible hydrocephalus caused by bilateral jugular vein catheterization.
AB  - Communicating hydrocephalus was inadvertently induced in a neonate by bilateral
      jugular vein catheterization. Removal of one catheter resulted in return to
      normal ventricular size within 14 days. The complication of hydrocephalus from
      bilateral jugular vein catheterization can be reversed by prompt removal of one
      catheter.

PMID- 6814282
TI  - Nasal and skin sensitivity during immunotherapy with two major allergens 19, 25
      and partially purified extract of timothy grass pollen.
AB  - In a double blind 3-year prospective study 40 grass pollen allergic patients were
      allocated to specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization) with two timothy major
      allergens, 19, 25, or partially purified timothy extract. The extracts were
      biologically standardized and coupled to aluminium hydroxide for treatment.
      Efficacy of hyposensitization was evaluated by titrated nasal provocations and
      skin prick tests with the two treatment extracts and a five-gram mixture. The
      threshold dose for skin prick test (skin thresholds) produced reactions identical
      to histamine chloride 5.43 mmol/l and the threshold dose for nasal provocations
      (nasal thresholds) produced two of the three reactions: at least 0.5 ml of nasal
      secretion, at least five sneezes, and/or at least a 20% fall in nasal peak flow.
      Nasal thresholds showed highest efficacy from partially purified timothy extract
      but equal protection against timothy and the five-grass mixture. Nasal thresholds
      of 14 untreated patients corresponded to treatment with the two major allergens.
      Changes in skin and nasal thresholds after 12 and after 54 weeks of treatment
      predicted the severity of hay fever. Increase in nasal thresholds coincided with
      a marked effect on asthma. Nasal thresholds below 1 HEP before treatment
      predicted major systemic side effects.

PMID- 6814283
TI  - Does disodium cromoglycate prevent exacerbation of farmer's lung?

PMID- 6814284
TI  - Intranasal immunotherapy and polymerized grass pollen allergens.
AB  - The effects of immunotherapy by intranasal insufflation of Lolium perenne
      allergens modified with glutaraldehyde (Glu-Rye) was tested by a stratified
      placebo-controlled trial in 16 adult subjects with hay fever. The purpose of this
      pilot study was to determine whether the treatment could reduce nasal sensitivity
      to allergen in provocation tests. Modification of the allergen was shown to
      include polymerization and reduced allergenicity, but retained immunogenicity.
      Nasal sensitivity to unmodified L. perenne allergens was measured by threshold
      type quantitative nasal challenge and posterior rhinometry for measurement of
      nasal airway resistance. In challenge tests after a 10-week course of intranasal
      preseasonal treatment with Glu-Rye, nasal sensitivity was reduced, but this
      effect was not maintained when testing was repeated 9 months after treatment.
      Post-seasonal serum levels of IgE antibodies to L. perenne were also not
      significantly affected by the treatment.

PMID- 6814285
TI  - [Acute lung failure after tocolysis].
AB  - A case of severe respiratory distress syndrome in a healthy young woman is
      reported which occurred after administration of fenoterol during therapy for
      premature labour. The pathomechanisms are discussed in accordance with
      experimental data and case reports in the literature.

PMID- 6814286
TI  - [Problems of monitoring in rescue services].
AB  - Polytraumatised patients often have a stable macrocirculation although they are
      in a state of shock. This article quotes a case report showing that restricted
      possibilities of the measurement methods necessarily entail "blind" therapy. Such
      therapy, however, should be continued at the earliest possible opportunity in a
      hospital according to objective criteria.

PMID- 6814288
TI  - [Bacteriological analysis of milk].

PMID- 6814289
TI  - [Immunologic observations on antigens of fermented cacao seeds].

PMID- 6814287
TI  - [Multimat--a new instrument for the facilitation of infusion therapy].
AB  - 1. Multimat simplifies the complicated equipment required in controlled infusion
      therapy, and makes it easier to appreciate it at a glance. 2. Safety requirements
      are fully met and even enhanced by the fact that the entire system is easier to
      see and comprehend.

PMID- 6814290
TI  - [Arboviruses. XVII - Experimental effect of Piry virus on malnourished mice].

PMID- 6814291
TI  - [Nasal tuberculosis].

PMID- 6814292
TI  - Ventilation at high respiratory frequencies. High frequency positive pressure
      ventilation, high frequency jet ventilation and high frequency oscillation.
AB  - This paper reviews the development of different methods of ventilation at
      respiratory rates higher than 60 per minute (1 Hz) along with data on
      experimental and clinical uses of the techniques. The definitions and terms that
      have been used for these high rates at the present time are confusing. An attempt
      to clarify the terms has been made. Whereas high frequency positive pressure
      ventilation (HFPPV) refers to respiratory rates between 60-110 per minute (1-1.8
      Hz), high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) usually refers to rates between 110
      400 per minute (1.8-6.7 Hz) and high frequency oscillation (HFO) refers to rates
      above 400 and up to 2400 per minute (40 Hz). It should be recognised that this
      differentiation in terminology is rather arbitrary and does not necessarily
      represent a sudden switch to different physiological methods of ventilation. In
      view of the various techniques which are involved in ventilation methods
      utilising rates greater than 60 per minute (1 Hz), it is the purpose of the
      present work to review the literature. In so doing, the contrasting rates,
      mechanical equipment, and experimental and clinical uses of these different
      methods will be discussed in order to clarify their potential contribution to
      clinical medicine.

PMID- 6814293
TI  - The respiratory depression of epidural morphine. Time course and effect of
      posture.
AB  - In order to investigate the time course of the late respiratory depression which
      has been reported following epidural opiates, the response to CO2 was measured in
      11 patients. Epidural morphine 2 mg was given 1 hour after operation under
      bupivacaine epidural anaesthesia, and the patients nursed supine. The results
      show a consistent pattern of respiratory depression commencing at approximately
      48 hours, and continuing until 18-24 hours after administration of morphine. A
      similar group of 10 patients nursed in a sitting position did not show the same
      degree of depression, and a modifying effect of posture on the development of
      central effects is suggested.

PMID- 6814294
TI  - Unusual dissemination of pseudomonads by ventilators.

PMID- 6814295
TI  - Effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on renal function in
      laparotomized patients.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin, a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor, on renal
      function was studied, and the relationship between PGE2 excretion in urine and
      renal function in laparotomized female patients was clarified. The PGE2 excretion
      rate significantly increased from 16.6 +/- 5.7 to 25.9 +/- 4.8 ng/h during
      surgery. This rate remained high during recovery. In patients who received 2
      mg/kg of indomethacin (rectally) for postoperative analgesia following surgery,
      urine flow decreased from 67.8 +/- 5.4 to 42.2 +/- 6.4 ml/h 3.5-4.5 h. Para
      aminohippurate clearance and creatinine clearance did not change following
      administration of indomethacin; however, sodium fractional excretion (FE Na)
      decreased significantly concomitant with depression of PGE2 excretion from 37.0
      +/- 4.7 to 10.9 +/- 3.2 ng/h 3.5-4.5 h. This change in PGE2 excretion and FE Na
      was closely correlated (Y = 0.87 X + 13.8, r = 0.75, P less than 0.01). Plasma
      aldosterone levels did not change significantly after administration of
      indomethacin. These results suggest that PGE2 in the kidney contributes to the
      maintenance of sodium excretion in the post-operative period in surgical
      patients.

PMID- 6814297
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the morphology of the stomach of Salmo irideus
      and on the localization of carbonic anhydrase during development.
AB  - In the cells of the gastric glands of Salmo irideus, the activity of carbonic
      anhydrase enzyme, localized at the ultrastructural level, appears in the course
      of development in the microvilli. In later stages, the reaction is extended to
      the cytoplasmatic evaginations of the intercellular spaces and to the
      mitochondrial crystae. The contemporary presence, in the same secreting element,
      of carbonic anhydrase and of secretion granules of a proteic nature points to the
      conclusion that these cells are of a "oxyntic-peptic" type.

PMID- 6814296
TI  - [The indication for the use of an endobronchial double lumen tube in the
      intensive care of unilateral pulmonary complications].
AB  - Experiences gained in 5 patients subjected to endobronchial intubation with a
      double-lumen tube on account of several causes are reported. The mean length of
      application was 45.3 (6.5-67.5 h), and depending on the underlying diagnosis,
      several techniques of controlled ventilation or spontaneous breathing were used.
      In all cases arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure were
      continuously monitored throughout the duration of the treatment, and in some
      cases the airway pressures were measured. Frequent blood gas analyses were
      carried out and x-rays of the chest regularly taken. In one case the haemodynamic
      patterns were studied via a Swan-Ganz catheter. In all cases an improvement of
      the predominantly unilateral pathology of the lungs was observed under
      independent ventilation or spontaneous breathing, as assessed by blood gas
      analysis and of x-ray examination. Irrespective of synchronization, the
      simultaneous application of 2 ventilators for the controlled ventilation of the
      patient had clinically no relevant effects on haemodynamics. In cases of
      unilateral pulmonary complications we therefore see at present the following
      indications for using a double lumen endobronchial tube: 1. Therapy resistant
      resorption atelectasis, 2. interstitial or intraalveolar pulmonary edema, 3.
      therapy resistant pulmonary fistula, 4. pulmonary infiltrations and 5. pulmonary
      contusions with endobronchial bleeding. We believe that double lumen
      endobronchial plastic tubes with hi-lo cuffs are, when properly applied, an
      advance in long term intubation and mechanical ventilation managements.

PMID- 6814298
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous nitroglycerin: importance of the delivery
      system.
AB  - Twenty patients about to undergo elective coronary artery bypass grafting entered
      a randomized double-blind trial comparing the hemodynamic effects of intravenous
      nitroglycerin (IV NTG) (0.5 micrograms/kg/min) (n = 9) versus placebo (n = 11).
      After a 20-min infusion period mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, stroke
      index, and left ventricular stroke work index were significantly decreased by
      NTG. Cardiac index was unchanged despite a marked reduction of filling pressures,
      indicating improved ventricular function. The endocardial viability ratio
      (DPTI/SPTI) was improved by NTG, suggesting a favorable alteration of myocardial
      oxygen balance. Three additional patients received a larger dose of NTG, (0.1
      micrograms/kg/min). The hemodynamic effects were similar to, but more profound
      than, those noted at 0.5 micrograms/kg/min. The effects of IV NTG described here
      are compatible with a predominant venodilator effect of NTG and occurred at a
      dose previously reported to cause little or no hemodynamic change in a similar
      group of patients. We attribute the apparent increased potency of IV/NTG observed
      in our study to the use of an infusion system that does not absorb NTG. Previous
      investigators have used infusion systems containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
      plastic, a substance that avidly adsorbs NTG. The resultant decrease in the
      administered dose of NTG renders dose-response data invalid when PVC-containing
      systems are used to deliver NTG.

PMID- 6814299
TI  - Correlation of peripheral venous and arterial blood gas values during general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 6814300
TI  - Unusual aspects of low levels of pseudocholinesterase in a pregnant patient.

PMID- 6814301
TI  - Analgesic and respiratory depressant activity of nalbuphine: a comparison with
      morphine.
AB  - To compare the respiratory depressant and analgesic effects of nalbuphine and
      morphine, six healthy male subjects were given the drugs as single 0.15-mg/kg
      doses, and as four successive doses of 0.15 mg/kg. Respiratory depression was
      monitored by ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses during CO2
      rebreathing, while analgesia to experimental pain was tested with the submaximal
      effort tourniquet ischemia test. When given as single 0.15 mg/kg doses, both
      drugs significantly increases the threshold and tolerance for experimental pain.
      The analgesic effect was similar for both drugs at this dosage, as was depression
      of the ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to CO2. Morphine administered
      in multiple doses progressively increased pain tolerance from 30 +/- 13% above
      control with the first dose of 0.15 mg/kg to 107 +/- 13% above control after the
      fourth dose (cumulative total 0.60 mg/kg). Nalbuphine produced a 40 +/- 12%
      increase in pain tolerance with an initial dose of 0.15 mg/kg, but additional
      increments of nalbuphine did not result in significantly greater analgesia. The
      increasing morphine dosage was associated with progressive rightward
      displacements and ultimately decreases in the slope of the CO2 response curves.
      Nalbuphine produced an initial rightward displacement of the CO2 response curves
      similar to morphine, but continued administration of the drug did not result in
      further displacement or changes in slope. These findings demonstrate that
      nalbuphine, in contrast to morphine, exhibits a ceiling effect for respiratory
      depression which is paralleled by its limited analgesic effect on experimental
      pain.

PMID- 6814302
TI  - Sites of action of halothane on respiratory pattern and ventilatory response to
      CO2 in cats.
AB  - To assess the major sites of action of halothane on the control of breathing, the
      ventilatory response to CO2 was studied in 11 cats and partitioned into tidal
      volume and frequency response. In these cats artificial perfusion of the ponto
      medullary region was applied. In essence, this technique allows one to deliver to
      the brainstem blood-gas tensions and anesthetic concentrations at predetermined
      levels which are independent from those in the systemic circulation; thus the
      central and peripheral effects of halothane and CO2 can be determined separately.
      In cats exposed both centrally and peripherally to halothane (1.0-1.6%) tachypnea
      was observed which disappeared when the blood perfusing the brainstem was purged
      of halothane. From these results is follows that the tachypnea is exclusively due
      to an action of halothane on structures in the brainstem. In these cats the
      extrapolated Paco2 at zero ventilation was significantly lower during general
      halothane anesthesia than during light chloralose-urethane anesthesia (P less
      than 0.05). In cats lightly anesthetized with chloralose-urethane, halothane (0.5
      1.5%) was either administered centrally or peripherally. In these experiments the
      "overall" ventilatory CO2 sensitivity of both the peripheral and central
      chemorereflex pathways decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). However, the
      ratio between these two sensitivities remained the same (P less than 0.5). The
      extrapolated Paco2 at zero ventilation was not affected by halothane provided its
      concentration was below 1% (P less than 0.7). From these results we conclude that
      the depressant effect of halothane on ventilation originates centrally as well as
      peripherally. Furthermore, from the findings that the ratio of the CO2
      sensitivities and the extrapolated Paco2 at zero ventilation remained constant,
      the authors argue that halothane acts on the processing part of the neural
      respiratory drive (integrating centers) rather than on the neural activity of the
      peripheral and central chemoreceptors per se. The peripheral effect is mainly on
      the neuromechanical link between integrating centers and respiratory movements.

PMID- 6814303
TI  - Increase in intracranial pressure during suctioning--stimulation vs. rise in
      PaCO2.

PMID- 6814304
TI  - [Adequacy of gas exchange during peripheral inclusion of a membrane oxygenator].

PMID- 6814305
TI  - [Immunological assay of apolipoprotein A-I].
AB  - Since lipid free apo A-I and lipid rich apo A-I (HDL, LP A, LP A-I) have
      different accessible antigenic sites, the electroimmunoassay ("rocket") does not
      allow the determination of the apo A-I concentration in both lipoproteins and
      serum when lipid free apo A-I are taken as controls. The results are found more
      significant when an isolated HDL or serum are used as reference. A comparison is
      made with the results (height of the pics) obtained for the same sample with
      different antibodies anti apo A-I, checked with the same HDL control, great
      differences two to one is observed. It is only explained by the various
      composition of antibodies directed against different apo A-I antigenic sites.
      Differences obtained in the levels of apo A-I in HDL2 and in HDL3 by
      immunoprecipitation show that the more lipoproteins are lipid rich the less their
      apo A-I are reached by antibodies.

PMID- 6814306
TI  - [Prevention of per-operative myocardial ischemia with continuous nitroglycerin
      infusion].
AB  - The aim of this work is to assess the possible beneficial effects of intra and
      post operative nitroglycerin infusion in patients with disabling angina pectoris
      (Class III of the New-York Heart Association). We thus compared the occurrence of
      myocardial ischemia detected by means of continuous electrocardiographic
      recording of lead V5 in 31 patients which were divided in two groups. The control
      group (I) included 16 patients, group II included 15 patients undergoing similar
      surgical procedures, given a permanent nitroglycerin infusion. Mean dose of
      nitroglycerin was 0,91 +/- 0,18 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1. An ischemic type S T
      segment depression occurred in 15 out 16 patients in group I and in only 3 out of
      15 patients in group II (p less than 0,001). No S T segment depression occurred
      following a decrease of more than 25 p. 100 in systolic blood pressure in 8
      patients of group II at the time of induction. These hypotensive episodes were
      easily corrected by decrease of the nitroglycerin infusion rate associated with a
      rapid blood volume expansion. The very high incidence of intra operative
      myocardial ischemia in control group demonstrates the severity of the coronary
      disease in the observed patients. The significantly lower frequency of ischemic S
      T segment depression observed in the patients given nitroglycerin infusion
      suggests that this drug is highly effective in preventive myocardial ischemia in
      patients with severe coronary artery disease. The administration of nitroglycerin
      in our patients had been easy to control, blood pressure reaching normal value
      within a few minutes after decrease of the rate of drug infusion when needed.

PMID- 6814307
TI  - The chemical control of respiration.

PMID- 6814310
TI  - Control of PaCO2 during mechanical ventilation: monitoring and feedback
      techniques.

PMID- 6814309
TI  - Species transport dynamics for clinical pulmonary evaluation.

PMID- 6814308
TI  - Control of breathing in the newborn.

PMID- 6814311
TI  - Effects of endotracheally administered distilled water and normal saline on the
      arterial blood gases of dogs.
AB  - The effects of endotracheally (ET) administered distilled water (DW) and normal
      saline solution (NSS) on the arterial blood gases of dogs were compared. When
      distilled water was administered endotracheally, arterial pH was depressed to
      99.36% of baseline values within 5 minutes. When compared to pH changes following
      ET administration of NSS the depression of pH following DW administration was
      significant (P less than .05). Following ET injection of DW, arterial PO2 was
      depressed to 61% of baseline values and remained significantly depressed
      throughout the experiment. In comparison, following ET NSS administration, PO2
      was depressed substantially less, and remained at significantly higher levels for
      the entire experiment. In dogs, administration of NSS by the ET route produces
      less detrimental effects on arterial blood gases than does the ET administration
      of DW. This may have implications for the choice of diluent for human drug
      administration using the ET route.

PMID- 6814312
TI  - An outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory illness in a semi-closed
      religious commune.
AB  - Of approximately 200 members of a religious commune, 37 came to the emergency
      department of Cook County Hospital for primary medical care of respiratory
      illness. Of the 37, 31 were seen during a two-week period, indicating a rapid
      spread of disease. The major symptoms were cough, fever, coryza, and sore throat.
      Infiltrates were detected in 38%. Paired sera from four of nine patients showed a
      significant rise to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of 24 sera collected at the time of
      the first visit, 33% had a titer to the agent, of 64 or greater--presumptive
      evidence of Mycoplasma infection. Therefore, M pneumoniae was implicated as the
      causative agent in this outbreak of respiratory illness in a semi-closed
      community.

PMID- 6814313
TI  - Fracture of lateral malleolus and tear of deltoid ligament.

PMID- 6814314
TI  - Complications in the prehospital use of nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6814315
TI  - Use of peak expiratory flow rates to eliminate unnecessary arterial blood gases
      in acute asthma.
AB  - Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements are used frequently in acute asthma.
      Because ABGs are expensive and may have significant side effects, a method is
      needed to identify those patients at risk for a significantly abnormal ABG. We
      studied the use of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) to identify those patients
      at such risk. Data from 89 emergency visits by 51 asthmatic patients were
      analyzed. A small but significant correlation between ABG parameters and PEFR was
      observed (P less than 0.05). No patient with a PEFR greater than or equal to 25%
      predicted has a PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg or pH less than 7.35. This suggests
      that only those patients with a PEFR less than 25% predicted are at risk for
      significant hypercarbia or acidosis. We concluded that PEFR may be used as a
      simple screening tool to safely eliminate ABGs in at least 40% of acute asthmatic
      patients.

PMID- 6814316
TI  - The diagnostic laboratory tests for histoplasmosis: analysis of experience in a
      large urban outbreak.
AB  - Of 495 patients reported in a large urban histoplasmosis outbreak, we studied 276
      whose serologic tests were done in a single laboratory. Serologic test results
      were positive in 96% of these patients (compared with less than 5% of controls
      from an endemic area), cultures were positive in 22%, and special stains in 19%.
      The immunodiffusion test results were negative in 13% of patients who had
      positive findings by complement fixation, and 1% had positive results only by
      immunodiffusion. The complement fixation test was almost twice as sensitive as
      the immunodiffusion test in patients with subclinical infection. The serologic
      response differed significantly among the clinical syndromes with higher titers
      in cavitary and lower titers in disseminated disease. Factors associated with
      titers of 1:64 or greater to both antigens were black race and immunocompetence.
      High mycelial titers were also associated with more intense exposure, and high
      yeast titers were associated with age less than 36 years. No prognostic
      significance could be proved for fourfold titer rises or falls or persistence of
      precipitins.

PMID- 6814317
TI  - Factor VIII activity and thyroid function.
AB  - Plasma factor VIII coagulant activity is decreased in hypothyroid patients and
      increased in hyperthyroid patients. We studied 21 untreated hypothyroid patients.
      Factor VIII coagulant activity was mildly decreased in association with
      significant depression of factor-VIII-related antigen and ristocetin cofactor
      activity in five patients. Factor-VIII-related properties significantly increased
      with oral thyroid replacement therapy in seven of 10 patients. Twenty-two
      untreated hyperthyroid patients were similarly evaluated. In 21 of these patients
      significant increases were noted in factor VIII coagulant activity, factor-VIII
      related antigens, and ristocetin cofactor activity. Elevated factor-VIII-related
      properties returned to normal in all of 10 patients treated with radioactive
      iodine or propylthiouracil. We discuss the relation between thyroid function and
      factor-VIII-related properties in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.

PMID- 6814318
TI  - Hepatobiliary involvement in von Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 6814319
TI  - Long-acting nitroglycerin for angina, 1982: old dog, new tricks.

PMID- 6814320
TI  - Chelation therapy in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6814321
TI  - [Lithium in periodic psychoses. Report on 10 years in 34 persons].

PMID- 6814322
TI  - Selective expansion of H-2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes to TNP-self by
      injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonate.

PMID- 6814325
TI  - [Physiopathological and nutritional aspects following small bowel resection
      (short bowel syndrome)].

PMID- 6814323
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in resuscitation. Physiopathological and clinical
      aspects].

PMID- 6814324
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in resuscitation. A study of 31 cases].
AB  - The authors analyse the results obtained above study of 31 patients managed with
      total parenteral nutrition for a period variant from 3 to 18 days. From these
      dates result importance of caloric and nitrogen administration both qualitatively
      and quantitatively. The authors analyse the nutritional requirements in the
      seriously patients, particularly with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 6814326
TI  - Behavior of the vestibular nerve following labyrinthectomy.
AB  - Transtympanic labyrinthectomy was performed on 24 cats, and after survival times
      of one month to three years, the temporal bones were prepared for light
      microscopic study. The operated ears showed mean neuronal losses of 12% in six
      months, 24% in 1 year, 35% in 2 years, and 53% in 3 years. These was no evidence
      of regeneration of vestibular nerve fibers nor of formation of traumatic
      neuromata. The temporal bones of two human subjects who had undergone
      transtympanic labyrinthectomy are also presented; one shows atrophy of the
      vestibular nerves while the other exhibits proliferation of nerve fibers not
      resembling a neuroma. It is concluded that the afferent vestibular nerves undergo
      slow but progressive atrophy following labyrinthectomy and that they have no
      potential for the creation of amputation neuromata. The evidence suggests that
      excision of the vestibular nerves may have no therapeutic advantage over
      labyrinthectomy in the treatment of intractable vertigo.

PMID- 6814328
TI  - The facial canal: normal anatomy, variations and anomalies. I. Normal anatomy of
      the facial canal.
AB  - Modern otologic surgery revolves around the use of the operating microscope. The
      surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of all structures in the temporal bone,
      particularly since surgery may now be directed to areas in its deeper portions.
      Of concern here is the whereabouts of the facial canal in its complex course
      through the temporal bone. A detailed descriptive anatomy with emphasis on the
      relations of the facial canal to adjacent structures is presented. The variations
      in the course of the facial canal are discussed. The location of dehiscences in
      the bony canal wall are described. Finally, great stress is laid upon
      presentation of these anomalies known to us which can occur in the course of the
      facial nerve through the temporal bone. These anomalies have clinical and
      surgical significance.

PMID- 6814329
TI  - The facial canal: normal anatomy, variations and anomalies. II. Anatomical
      variations and anomalies involving the facial canal.

PMID- 6814327
TI  - Cochlear and otoconial abnormalities in capsular otosclerosis with hydrops.
AB  - Temporal bones from four patients with capsular otosclerosis were examined by
      microdissection. Otoconia and abnormal crystalline deposits were studied by
      scanning electron microscopy and x-ray analytical methods. One patient showed
      more or less symmetrical invasion of the basilar membrane and osseous lamina by
      connective tissue from thickened endosteum adjacent to the larger anterior foci.
      In one ear sensorineural degeneration was circumscribed; in the other it was
      extensive and associated with cochleosaccular hydrops. Two other patients were
      deaf, with severe sensorineural degeneration; one had multiple active foci and
      evidence of cochleosaccular hydrops. In the fourth patient, who had small
      anterior foci, no specific inner ear pathology was found related to otosclerosis.
      In the hydropic labyrinths, apatite was present as abnormal deposits in the
      cochlear duct and as rigid crusts replacing the otoconia. Apparently these
      changes had been associated with abnormal labyrinthine fluid dynamics rather than
      with the otospongiotic process per se.

PMID- 6814330
TI  - Speech and language development in a parent-infant total communication program.
AB  - In the program described, the use of total communication (TC) did not impede
      speech development in preschool deaf children. Evidence indicates that sign
      language facilitated the young hearing-impaired child's acquisition of
      communicative oral speech. Exposure to sign language combined with speech
      enhanced the meaningfulness of residual hearing and lipreading. Milestones in
      sign language acquisition paralleled the milestones of spoken language. Young
      hearing-impaired TC children appeared to learn and express more language at an
      earlier age than is typical of orally trained hearing-impaired children. This
      implies that their cognition may not be as severely inhibited because their
      language acquisition is less severely delayed. This should have favorable
      consequences for later educational and social development. The families In the TC
      program were able to normalize their child-rearing activities and relationships.

PMID- 6814333
TI  - A leucocytozoon of buzzard (Buteo buteo (L.), Accipitridae from Northern Italy.

PMID- 6814332
TI  - Neural mechanisms relevant to the design of an auditory prosthesis. Location and
      electrical characteristics.
AB  - A cochlear prosthesis designed to electrically stimulate eighth nerve fibers in
      deaf subjects was studied in acute guinea pig preparations. The prosthesis, which
      consisted of two pairs of platinum-iridium electrodes, was inserted into the
      scala tympani through the round window. The electrical impedances of different
      current paths and their effectiveness in evoking neural responses in the central
      auditory system are compared. Assuming lumped neural elements, the results
      indicate that the sites of neural excitation lie outside the scala tympani.
      Frequency-response characteristics of neural excitation are in agreement with
      resistive spread of current through tissue to the site of stimulation. Neural
      membrane characteristics similar to those previously studied in nonmammalian
      nerves seem to account for the response initiation.

PMID- 6814331
TI  - Tissue impedance and current flow in the implanted ear. Implications for the
      cochlear prosthesis.
AB  - Tissue impedance was measured in the cochleas of monkeys and guinea pigs
      implanted with electrode arrays. The impedances were measured within the scala
      tympani and between the scala tympani and the internal auditory meatus of the
      modiolus. The measurements revealed several impedance properties. 1) The
      impedances inside and outside of the scala tympani are resistive for frequencies
      between 8 Hz and 12.5 kHz. 2). The impedances measured between the scala tympani
      and the internal auditory meatus were larger in magnitude than the impedances
      measured in the scala tympani. 3) Impedance was not affected significantly by
      changing stimulus current flow from 0.45 to 45 microA rms. 4) Impedance magnitude
      increased rapidly by different factors inside and outside the scala tympani after
      sacrifice of the subject animals. Measurements of the tissue impedance made in
      conjunction with measurements of threshold of response to electrical stimulation
      revealed that the threshold of response to electrical stimuli was lowest when the
      stimulating currents were highest outside the scala tympani. We conclude that the
      excitable elements of the auditory nerve are being stimulated within the modiolus
      rather than within the scala tympani.

PMID- 6814334
TI  - [Study of disodium cromoglycate action on mast cell degranulation and on heparin
      release induced by lipid suspension].

PMID- 6814335
TI  - [Development of a splenic infection in mice of 4 strains, inoculated by the
      venous route, with 3 doses of Brucella abortus].
AB  - Brucella abortus strain 544 was inoculated at three doses into outbred female
      Swiss mice CD-1 and OF1, and inbred strains CBA and DBA/2. Brucella were
      enumerated in the mice spleens which were first weighed, at 2, 7, 14, 21, 35 and
      49 days post-challenge. A phase of multiplication occurred, reaching a maximum
      between 7 and 21 days according to the mice, but independently of challenge
      doses. A decreasing phase followed that was still going on in CD-1 and OF1 mice
      at 49 days, but ended by a plateau or recurrence in CBA and DBA/2. Spleen weights
      increased from the beginning to a maximum then decreased. This maximum was
      reached either before (DBA/2), after (CBA) or at the infection acme (CD-1, OF1).
      Hence, immune mechanisms may be turned on according to several sequences, but
      feed-back regulation would work similarly in different breeds.

PMID- 6814336
TI  - A standardised multicentre procedure for plasma gonadotrophin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay method for the assay of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum/plasma has been designed for use in
      laboratories of varying expertise in the United Kingdom. The major sources of
      experimental error leading to poor within-laboratory performance and between
      laboratory comparability were identified: quality of tracer, use of calibration
      standards, and separation procedure. A simple rugged kit was designed which was
      extensively tested first in our laboratory and then in a small multi-centre field
      trial before being made available. It is now used routinely by 26 health service
      and research laboratories. The working range of the assays is 1-50 IU/l (LH) and
      0.3-16 IU/l (FSH). The between-batch reproducibility was 5-11% (CV) over the dose
      range 4.8-18 IU/l (LH) and 1.6-15 IU/l (FSH).

PMID- 6814337
TI  - Major factors limiting sensitivity of sandwich enzyme immunoassay for ferritin,
      immunoglobulin E, and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
AB  - By using IgG-coated polystyrene balls and beta-D-galactosidase-labelled Fab',
      sandwich enzyme immunoassays for human ferritin, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were developed, and their sensitivities were
      shown to be largely limited by the purity, binding efficiency, and amount of beta
      D-galactosidase-labelled Fab' used. (1) Their sensitivities were enhanced 10 to
      50-fold by using affinity-purified Fab' labelled with beta-D-galactosidase. (2)
      Their sensitivities depended upon the efficiency of specific binding of the
      labelled Fab' to antigens adsorbed on antibody IgG-coated polystyrene balls. (3)
      Their sensitivities were improved by using the minimal amount of labelled Fab'
      that gave a reliable calibration curve. Under optimal conditions the
      sensitivities obtained for ferritin, IgE, and TSH were 0.09 pg (0.2 amol), 0.48
      pg (2.4 amol, 0.2 mIU), and 3.2 millimicronU (5.7 amol) per tube, respectively.

PMID- 6814340
TI  - Chlorpropamide and glibenclamide serum concentrations in hospitalized patients.
AB  - The relationships between the daily doses of the drugs and the steady state serum
      concentration was studied in 51 patients on chlorpropamide and in 27 patients on
      glibenclamide. All the patients were hospitalized during the study. A wide
      interindividual variation in chlorpropamide levels was observed and thus, the
      prediction of drug concentration was difficult from the dosage alone, despite a
      statistically significant correlation between the dose per body weight and the
      serum drug level. The differences could not be explained on the serum creatinine
      levels, age, sex, liver diseases or other drugs used concomitantly. In the case
      of glibenclamide, a wide interindividual variation in serum concentration of the
      drug also occurred.

PMID- 6814338
TI  - Viral and mycoplasmal antibodies in patients with myocardial infarction.
AB  - The suggestion that infection might provoke myocardial infarction prompted a
      controlled study among 49 patients with myocardial infarction for antibody titres
      to 22 viruses, and to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci. The frequency
      of significant rises in antibody titres was similar in patients with myocardial
      infarction, 7 (14%) out of 49, and in control patients, 8 (22%) out of 37. Thus,
      in our limited series we could not confirm the hypothesis that viral or
      mycoplasmal infection are significantly associated with myocardial infarction.
      Seven of 15 infections, evenly distributed within the two groups, were due to
      influenza A virus, which was epidemic in Finland at the time of survey January-
      March 1980. No acute Coxsackie B virus infections were observed.

PMID- 6814339
TI  - Release of lysosomal enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase due to hematoporphyrin
      derivative and light irradiation of NHIK 3025 cells in vitro.
AB  - NHIK 3025 cells in monolayer cultures were irradiated with near ultraviolet light
      in the presence of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). The release of lysosomal
      enzymes and the cytosol marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase to the culture medium
      was determined 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after irradiation. The enzyme activities of
      the cell pellet were investigated 24 hours after irradiating the cells. After
      exposure of HPD-labelled cells to light doses causing no cell inactivation, the
      leakage of enzymes was slightly inhibited in the first 6 hours followed by a
      period between 6 and 24 hours when the cells released the same amount or slightly
      more enzymes than the control. The enzyme activities of cell pellets made 24
      hours after exposure were 40-75% of control values due to either a small
      inhibition of cellular enzyme activity or of inhibited cell growth by this dose.
      A higher light dose inactivating 80-90% of the cells, caused a rapid release of
      both lysosomal and cytosol enzymes. The cell pellets contained very little of the
      enzymes 24 hours after treatment and especially free intracellular enzymes had
      been released with high efficiency. Leupeptin, a lysosomal protease inhibitor,
      did not protect the cells from inactivation. We conclude that the release of
      lysosomal enzymes after porphyrins and light is of little significance in terms
      of cell killing.

PMID- 6814341
TI  - The early laboratory diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses.

PMID- 6814342
TI  - Comparison of lipids and apolipoproteins in amniotic fluid, neonatal urine, and
      cord serum.
AB  - During the past two decades, major progress has been made in understanding the
      plasma lipid transport system. Such advances have shown that the metabolic fate
      of plasma lipids in the form of plasma lipoproteins are subject to specific
      regulatory controls dictated largely by their composition, quantity, specific
      surface apolipoproteins, and several lipolytic enzymes. The lipid and apoprotein
      composition of surfactant and its functional significance in the neonatal lung
      has also developed into a major area of investigation owing to its relationship
      by hyaline membrane disease and the accompanying morbidity and mortality. Since
      both systems share lipids as common constituents, it becomes important to define
      the composition of lipids and apoproteins in amniotic fluid because of their
      relationship to fetal lung maturity. In this review, the significance of amniotic
      fluid and cord serum apolipoprotein and lipid compositions are compared, and the
      origin or specific pulmonary and neonatal serum lipids are considered.

PMID- 6814344
TI  - Laboratory identification of erythroblastosis fetalis.
AB  - The clinical laboratory assumes the paramount role of supplying accurate data to
      the attending physician for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HDN.
      Maternal prenatal testing identifies patients at risk for Rh-HDN. The antibody
      titer is of primary value in assessing patients as candidates for amniocentesis.
      Amniotic fluid analyses provide an assessment of fetal prognosis in HDN and also
      an assessment of gestational age, lung maturity, and placental function. In
      severe HDN, amniotic fluid analysis can indicate the need for intrauterine
      transfusion. Postnatal laboratory studies can confirm the suspected diagnosis of
      HDN, identify those neonates at risk of developing kernicturus, and provide the
      physician with information pertaining to the treatment of HDN. Finally, prenatal
      and postnatal laboratory testing identifies those females eligible for Rh-immune
      globulin therapy to prevent HDN in subsequent pregnancies.

PMID- 6814345
TI  - [Effect of stress on the release of LH and FSH in female rat plasma. Critical
      study].
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the effects of different procedures of blood
      removal on blood LH and FSH concentration at different stages of the diestrous
      period in 4-day cyclic female rats. Cardiac puncture, abdominal cava venipuncture
      both under ether anaesthesia and trunk blood collection were performed on
      diestrus 1 morning and diestrus 2 morning and afternoon. Non operated,
      adrenalectomized, sham adrenalectomized cyclic females and ovariectomized females
      were used. No changes in blood LH and FSH concentrations were observed on either
      diestrus 1 or diestrus 2 in the non operated and adrenalectomized cyclic females
      and in ovariectomized females following blood removal by heart puncture and
      bleeding from the abdominal vena cava, both under ether anaesthesia, as compared
      to decapitated animals. By contrast, these two procedures of blood removal caused
      an increase in blood LH concentration in sham adrenalectomized females as
      compared to their decapitated counterparts. Only heart puncture evoked an
      augmentation of blood FSH concentration under this experimental schedule. In
      accordance with previous studies blood LH and FSH concentrations appeared to be
      greater in ovariectomized than in intact cyclic females.

PMID- 6814346
TI  - [Maturation of gonadotropin and adrenocortical functions during growth of female
      rat].
AB  - Plasma LH, FSH and corticosterone were determined between the 15th and the 45th
      day of life in the normal female rat. At basal conditions plasma gonadotropins
      and corticosterone decreased from the 15th to the 25th day of life; then all
      hormones increased to the 45th day. After neurotropic stress, plasma level of
      corticosterone increased progressively from the 15th to the 45th day of life. It
      appears that the development of plasma gonadotropins and corticosterone are
      carried out in a parallel manner during the period studied.

PMID- 6814343
TI  - Biochemical assessment of fetal lung maturity.
AB  - The relationship between the enzyme phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAPase) and
      lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid was evaluated in normal
      human pregnancies and in several pregnancies complicated by Rh isoimmunization.
      An increase in PAPase activity in amniotic fluid appears to parallel the increase
      in L/S ratio after 33 weeks gestation in normal subjects. These data suggest that
      amniotic fluid PAPase may originate from the fetal lung and play a role in the
      regulation of the synthesis os lecithin. Its usefulness as an indicator of fetal
      lung development requires further correlation and confirmation.

PMID- 6814347
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical events in the periovulatory period in ovarian
      follicles of rats. In vitro studies].
AB  - Cultures of rat ovarian follicles obtained at the proestrus were investigated
      during 24 hours following a supply of gonadotropins (FSH, LH, Prolactin) used in
      order to stimulate their physiological rise at the proestrus. As showed by the
      cytological study, the initiating luteinization appeared in follicles after 24
      hours. Progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta were assayed in culture
      media. The three gonadotropins induced a significant fall of the oestradiol
      progesterone ratio whereas testosterone levels were unmodified; at first they
      increased and then inhibited the oestradiol-17 beta synthesis. On the other hand,
      progesterone rose one hour after oestradiol-17 beta but its secretion persisted.
      Thus, the inhibition of the enzymatic aromatization of steroids on one hand, the
      evidence of a new metabolic way leading to the increasing synthesis of
      progesterone on the other hand would be due to the preovulatory rise of
      gonadotropins. After exposition for 4 hours to FSH, LH and Prolactin, a new
      supply of LH did not modify testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta levels but led to
      a significant increase in the secretion of progesterone. so mechanisms induced by
      the proestrus preovulatory peak would seem irreversible.

PMID- 6814348
TI  - Cholesterol synthesis in the liver, kidneys and brain after injection of
      uniformly 14C-labeled oleic or linoleic acid to developing rats.
AB  - 6-day-old suckling rats, born to females kept on a fat-free diet, were used to
      determine cholesterol and fatty acid specific radioactivity (SRA) in the liver,
      kidneys and brain, after injection of 3 microCi uniformly 14C-labeled linoleic
      acid (ULI) or oleic acid (UOL). 1 h after injection, cholesterol SRA was highest
      in the liver and kidneys, and then decreased when UOL was injected. Cholesterol
      SRA peaked 3 h after injection of ULI in liver and kidneys. The delay in
      appearance of the ULI (over UOL) peak of cholesterol SRA may be due to
      differences in the rates of oxidation of these two labeled fatty acids into
      acetyl-CoA ester, according to the structural role of ULI. In the period between
      3 and 56 h, cholesterol was more radioactive in the three tissues after injection
      of ULI than after injection of UOL. The radioactivity of saturated fatty acids
      was low in the ULI and UOL groups of these very young animals. Therefore,
      cholesterol synthesis seemed to happen at a faster rate than the other lipid
      syntheses in liver and kidneys, where the rate of linoleic acid elongation into
      arachidonic acid was also slower than cholesterol synthesis. Different results
      were obtained in the brain, where arachidonic acid SRA increased rapidly after
      ULI injection.

PMID- 6814349
TI  - Effects of prenatal malnutrition on development of oral tissue in neonatal rats.
AB  - The effects of prenatal malnutrition on the growth of incisor and molar tooth
      germs and tongue were investigated in newborn rats. Compared with the results on
      the young of well-nourished mothers, the young of the malnourished animals had
      fewer and smaller cells in the molar tooth germs and fewer cells in incisor tooth
      germs. The tongue of the malnourished animals had fewer but larger cells. 45Ca
      uptake studies and alkaline and acid phosphatase activities suggested that
      prenatal malnutrition affected incisor and molar tooth germs in different ways.
      Alkaline phosphatase activity in the tongue did not differ between dietary
      groups. The results indicate that an adequate protein intake is extremely
      important for the healthy development of the teeth and tongue of the offspring.

PMID- 6814351
TI  - [Immunology and retinal vasculitis].

PMID- 6814352
TI  - [Synthesis and properties of the N-ethyl derivatives of carminomycin and
      rubomycin].
AB  - N-Monoethyl derivatives of carminomycin, rubomycin, 13-dihydrocarminomycin and 13
      dihydrorubomycin were synthesized by condensation of their amino groups with
      acetic aldehyde in the presence of sodium boron hydride. The respective N,N
      diethyl derivatives of the antibiotics were formed as by-products of the
      reaction. New compounds such as N-ethylcarminomycin, N,N-diethylcarminomycin, N
      ethyl-13-dihydrocarminomycin, N,N-diethyl-13-dihydrocarminomycin, N
      ethylrubomycin and N-ethyl-13-dihydrorubomycin were synthesized. Antibacterial
      activity of N-ethyl- and N,N-diethyl derivatives of carminomycin and rubomycin
      determined with the use of Bac. mycoides as the test microbe was 40-50 per cent
      and that of N-ethyl- and N,N-diethyl-13-dihydro-derivatives was 15-30 per cent of
      the activity of the respective antibiotics, carminomycin and rubomycin.

PMID- 6814350
TI  - The localizing value of depth electroencephalography in 32 patients with
      refractory epilepsy.
AB  - Clinical seizure manifestations, physical examination, radiological studies,
      neuropsychological tests, and scalp and depth electroencephalographic (EEG)
      studies were done to localize seizure foci in 32 patients, 23 of whom have
      undergone surgery with more than one year of follow-up. Of 16 patients with
      unlocalized scalp EEGs, depth EEG detected a consistent focal seizure onset in 3.
      Of 15 patients with localized scalp EEGS, depth EEG revealed multiple foci in 3
      and inaccurate localization of the focus by scalp EEG in 4. Therefore,
      localization by scalp EEG was inaccurate in 10 of 31 patients. When depth EEG
      revealed a consistent focal seizure onset and this localization was used to
      determine to surgical resection site, good to excellent results were obtained in
      12 of 13 patients. When depth EEG revealed additional foci of seizure origin,
      surgical results were fair or poor in all patients. No other localizing criteria
      predicted depth EEG results or surgical success with such accuracy. Furthermore,
      some criteria, including neuropsychological tests and radiological abnormalities,
      were falsely localizing at times. Therefore, of the presently available
      localizing criteria, depth EEG appears to be the most accurate.

PMID- 6814353
TI  - Plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lack of
      expression in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We isolated 11 nonconjugative plasmids mediating resistance to aminoglycoside
      antibiotics, including gentamicin, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Their
      genetic properties were investigated in both P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
      transformants. The plasmid molecular weights ranged from 11 x 10(6) to 24 x
      10(6). A low level or complete absence of gentamicin resistance was observed when
      these plasmids were introduced into E. coli, but gentamicin resistance was
      restored when the plasmids were transferred back to P. aeruginosa from E. coli.
      Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme activity was detected in P. aeruginosa harboring
      these plasmids, but was absent or greatly reduced in E. coli strains. This lack
      of expression may explain the observed decrease in aminoglycoside resistance.

PMID- 6814354
TI  - Comparative activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, ticarcillin, and tobramycin
      against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacies of disodium ticarcillin, tobramycin sulfate, and N
      formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) were compared in guinea pigs with experimentally
      induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Survival rates were 35% for
      ticarcillin, 80% for tobramycin, and 75% for N-formimidoyl thienamycin. Numbers
      of viable Pseudomonas organisms in lungs approximately 3 h after the first dose
      of drug were nearly 10-fold fewer in tobramycin- or N-formimidoyl thienamycin
      treated animals than in ticarcillin-treated animals. Our data suggest that N
      formimidoyl thienamycin may have therapeutic efficacy against respiratory
      infections with P. aeruginosa equivalent to that of tobramycin.

PMID- 6814355
TI  - Comparison of cefuroxime and penicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated
      gonorrhea.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind trial, 216 men and 142 women infected with
      uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated with either 1.5 g of cefuroxime or 4.8 x
      10(6) U of aqueous procaine penicillin G intramuscularly and 1.0 g of probenecid.
      The cure rates in the treatment groups were 96 and 95%, respectively.
      Intramuscularly administered cefuroxime was better tolerated than was procaine
      penicillin. Comparative antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed that
      cefuroxime and penicillin were about equally active and that both were more
      active than cefamandole or cefoxitin. Because cefuroxime is not degraded by the
      action of beta-lactamase enzymes, it has promise as an alternative to
      spectinomycin in the treatment of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      infections.

PMID- 6814356
TI  - Disposition of arildone, an antiviral agent, after various routes of
      administration.
AB  - [14C]arildone was administered both topically and intravaginally to mice 5 times
      a day for 7 days to simulate conditions of clinical usage. Urinary and fecal
      excretion of radioactivity indicated that arildone was extensively absorbed by
      both routes of administration. The levels of radioactivity in the vagina and skin
      declined from about 12 micrograms equivalents per g to 3 micrograms equivalents
      per g between 1 and 2 days after the last application. Only small amounts of
      unchanged arildone were found in urine from the vaginally treated animals; the
      major urinary metabolites were chloromethoxyphenol, its sulfate ester, and
      chlorohydroquinone sulfate. After about 1 month of daily oral administration of
      arildone to rats and monkeys or vaginal administration three times a day for 20
      days to dogs, only low levels of intact drug were found in the systemic
      circulation. The disposition or beta-phase half-life of arildone in monkeys after
      intravenous administration was about 0.5 h. The disposition of [14C]arildone in
      mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys after various routes of administration was also
      investigated.

PMID- 6814357
TI  - Gonococcal opacity variants: susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - We tested the susceptibility of 34 pairs of isogenic opaque and transparent
      colony variants of gonococci to nine antimicrobial agents. Only 20% of the opaque
      and transparent minimal inhibitory concentrations were discordant, and the mean
      minimal inhibitory concentrations were not significantly different. Selection of
      opacity variants is, therefore, not necessary for routine susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6814358
TI  - Cloning the gentamicin resistance gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid in
      Escherichia coli enhances detection of aminoglycoside modification.
AB  - Cloning the gene for gentamicin resistance from Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid
      pMG35 on the high-copy-number Escherichia coli cloning vehicle pMK20 allowed
      detection of 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity that was not readily detected when
      the parent plasmid was present either in P. aeruginosa or E. coli.

PMID- 6814359
TI  - Effect of glycolipids and glycophorin on the activity of human interferon-beta
      and -gamma.
AB  - We have studied neutralization of the antiviral activity of human fibroblast (IFN
      beta) and immune interferon (IFN-gamma) by incubation with glycolipids (including
      the gangliosides GM1, GM2 and GM3, as well as various other glycolipids) and with
      the sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin. When 100 units/ml of IFN-beta were
      preincubated with 30-80 microM of the gangliosides, all antiviral activity was
      abolished. Similarly, 120 microM of glycophorin completely reversed the antiviral
      activity of 100 units/ml of IFN-beta. Glycolipids containing more than two sugars
      also showed moderate inhibitory effects. GM2 at a concentration of 200 microM
      almost completely inhibited the antiviral activity of 100 units/ml of IFN-gamma,
      but GM1, GM3 and glycophorin had only a moderate inhibitory effect. These results
      suggest that the terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) residues of gangliosides
      and of glycophorin play an important role in the inhibition of IFN-beta, and that
      they may be similarly involved in the inhibition of IFN-gamma.

PMID- 6814360
TI  - Involvement of plasmids in total degradation of chlorinated biphenyls.
AB  - Acinetobacter sp. strain P6 has previously been reported to utilize biphenyl (BP)
      and chlorinated BPs, with accumulation of corresponding chlorobenzoic acids.
      Arthrobacter sp. strain M5 was isolated as a contaminant in the culture of
      Acinetobacter sp. strain P6 growing on 4-chlorobiphenyl and showed properties
      similar to P6 in the degradation of chlorinated BPs. Both strains harbored an
      identical plasmid of 53.7 megadaltons. These strains spontaneously lost the
      ability to utilize BP and 4-chlorobiphenyl with high frequency (4 to 8%) after
      overnight growth in nutrient broth. The BP- derivatives could not regain the BP
      assimilating ability (reversion frequency, less than 10(-9) per cell per
      generation) but retained the plasmid with small, detectable deletions. BP+ P6
      cells grown on BP or benzoate oxidized BP and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and produced
      meta cleavage compounds from the latter compound (lambda max, 434 nm) and also
      from catechol (lambda max, 375 nm) through the meta pathway. On the other hand,
      benzoate-grown BP- segregants totally lost the BP-metabolizing activities and
      oxidized catechol through the ortho pathway. A combined culture of the
      chlorinated BP-dissimilating P6 or M5 strain (harboring the putative 53.7
      megadalton plasmid specifying conversion of chlorobiphenyls to chlorobenzoic
      acids) and genetically constructed mono- or dichlorobenzoate-utilizing
      pseudomonads (harboring plasmids encoding complete utilization of mono- or
      dichlorobenzoates) allowed greater than 98% utilization of mono- and
      dichlorobiphenyls, with the liberation of equivalent amounts of chloride ions.

PMID- 6814362
TI  - [Detection, using fluorescent lectins, of specific carbohydrate chains in
      primordial germ cells of anuran amphibians].
AB  - A study of primordial germ cells (PGC) of Amphibia Anura was carried out after
      treatment of sections by different fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins
      (FITC-lectins). Specific labelling on the PGC is obtained with lectins, the
      activity of which is inhibited by D-galactose or N-acetyl-galactosamine. These
      osidic groups appear to be located more specifically on the PGC. The same
      labelling pattern is not obtained with lectins possessing major affinity for
      mannose, glucose, fucose and N-acetyl-glucosamine. Furthermore, changes in
      labelling pattern are observed during migration of PGC. It is suggested that D
      galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine might be related to membrane activity of PGC
      during migration. Ultrastructural study of the visualization of cell surface
      carbohydrates supplies some information on the localisation of these lectins
      receptors.

PMID- 6814363
TI  - Purification and subunit structure of glucosephosphate isomerase 2 from spinach
      leaves and immunochemical comparison with other isomerases.

PMID- 6814361
TI  - Fate in model ecosystems of microbial species of potential use in genetic
      engineering.
AB  - The changes in populations of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,
      Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
      Rhizobium meliloti, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured after their
      introduction into samples of sewage, lake water, and soil. Enumeration of small
      populations was possible because the strains used were resistant to antibiotics
      in concentrations and combinations such that few species native to these
      ecosystems were able to grow on agar containing the inhibitors. Fewer than 2
      cells per ml of sewage or lake water and 25 cells per g of soil could be
      detected. A. tumefaciens and R. meliloti persisted in significant numbers with
      little decline, but S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, S. cerevisiae, and
      vegetative cells of B. subtilis failed to survive in samples of sewage and lake
      water. In sterile sewage, however, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, A.
      tumefaciens, and R. meliloti grew; S. cerevisiae populations were maintained at
      the levels used for inoculation; and S. aureus died rapidly. In sterile lake
      water, the population of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae and the number of vegetative
      cells of B. subtilis declined rapidly, R. meliloti grew, and the other species
      maintained significant numbers with little or a slow decline. The populations of
      S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. tumefaciens, B. subtilis, and S. typhimurium
      declined in soil, but the first four species grew in sterile soil. It is
      suggested that some species persist in environments in which they are not
      indigenous because they tolerate abiotic stresses, do not lose viability readily
      when starved, and coexist with antagonists. The species that fails to survive
      need only be affected by one of these factors.

PMID- 6814364
TI  - Molecular dynamics of calmodulin as monitored by fluorescence anisotropy.

PMID- 6814366
TI  - Calcified and ossified subcutaneous plaques.

PMID- 6814365
TI  - Purification of human skin tyrosinase and its protein inhibitor: properties of
      the enzyme and the mechanism of inhibition by protein.

PMID- 6814367
TI  - Multiple myeloma first observed as multiple cutaneous plasmacytomas.
AB  - A 62-year-old woman had multiple plasmacytomas of the skin with no
      roentgenographic or bone marrow evidence of multiple myeloma. Serum IgA-lambda
      level was increased to 1,000 mg/dL (normal range, 90 to 450 mg/dL). The skin
      lesions regressed completely when the patient was treated with melphalan. She had
      recurrence of a skin plasmacytoma and lytic bone lesions ten months later and
      died of bronchopneumonia 11 months after the was first seen. Solitary skin
      plasmacytomas are rare, and multiple skin plasmacytomas are even rarer.
      Occasionally, these lesions may precede roentgenographic and bone marrow evidence
      of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6814368
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 6814370
TI  - [Clinical significance of E antigen and anti-E antibody determined by a
      radioimmunological method].

PMID- 6814369
TI  - Prolactin and thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in growth
      hormone deficiency.
AB  - Basal and thyroid-releasing hormone-stimulated (200 micrograms/m2) prolactin and
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured in 31 patients with
      hypopituitarism (13 isolated growth-hormone deficiencies and 18 multiple
      pituitary hormone deficiencies). The results were compared with the prolactin
      response in 76 healthy prepubertal children. Normal prolactin concentrations were
      found in 13 patients whereas 11 had increased levels. TSH levels were either
      normal or increased in patients who were considered to have hypothalamic
      disorders. Decreased prolactin response was present in 7 children, 6 of whom had
      multiple pituitary deficiencies. Their TSH response was decreased as well,
      indicating pituitary failure. There was good overall correlation of peak
      prolactin with peak, TSH concentrations. Some patients with 'isolated' growth
      hormone deficiency had an abnormal prolactin response indicating an additional
      hormonal deficiency. All patients with low levels of serum thyroxine had abnormal
      prolactin or TSH levels, high in some, low in others. Two euthyroid patients with
      increased prolactin stimulation became hypothyroid during treatment with growth
      hormones, thus questioning whether prolactin is a more sensitive indicator of
      early thyroid insufficiency than thyroxine or TSH levels.

PMID- 6814371
TI  - Vascular anastomoses in growing vessels: the use of absorbable sutures.
AB  - Primary end-to-end infrarenal aortic anastomoses were performed in 36 piglets
      using two synthetic absorbable suture materials: polydioxanone and coated
      polyglactin. Animals were killed at 1, 4, and 11 weeks and 6 months following
      operation. Each aorta was removed, burst-tested to 300 mm Hg, radiographed, and
      examined  histologically. All anastomoses were patent, and no burst-test failures
      occurred. Stenosis occurred in 14 of 17 animals at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively.
      One of 5 animals exhibited stenosis at 11 weeks, and none of the 14 animals had
      stenosis 6 months postoperatively. Histological examination revealed fibrosis
      replacing areas of disrupted elastica at 6 months in both suture groups. This
      study suggests that absorbable suture material, in particular polydioxanone,
      because of its excellent handling characteristics and prolonged tensile strength
      retention, will be useful for the repair of vascular and cardiac anomalies where
      growth of the suture line is required.

PMID- 6814372
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on mammary blood flow during
      experimentally induced mastitis in lactating goats.
AB  - Mammary blood flow (MBF) was recorded chronically in lactating goats by means of
      an electromagnetic flow probe. Experimental mastitis was induced by intramammary
      injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharides. Control mastitis experiments were
      accompanied by a significant increase in MBF characterized by 2 conspicuous
      peaks, by fever, increased heart rate, swelling, heat and pain of the gland, and
      increased chloride in milk. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suprofen,
      indomethacine and flurbiprofen were potent antipyretics during mastitis but had
      only little effect on the biphasic MBF pattern. Indomethacine induced a strong
      and long lasting vasoconstriction in the udder. MBF peak I was quantitatively
      unaffected although flurbiprofen was able to delay its appearance. All drugs
      partially suppressed MBF peak II, this being most significantly with
      flurbiprofen. None of them prevented either swelling of the gland or high milk
      chloride but all inhibited pain in the gland. MBF peak II may be partially
      induced by the decrement stage of fever. Locally formed prostaglandins play
      little or no role in the genesis of MBF peak I but may be involved in MBF peak
      II.

PMID- 6814373
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on endotoxin-induced mastitis.

PMID- 6814375
TI  - Ca-dependence of the inhibitory effect of K-depolarization on renin secretion
      from rat kidney slices.
AB  - Renin secretion of rat kidney slices was studied as a function of extracellular K
      concentration. Independently of osmolality and extracellular Na and Cl
      concentrations, increasing K inhibited secretory rate in a concentration
      dependent manner. At 60 mM K, rates were only a few per cent (1.6 +/- 0.8 and 3.5
      +/- 0.5%, depending on Na and/or osmolality) of the rate measured at 4 mM K.
      Lowering extracellular Ca concentration from 2.65 X 10(-3) to less than 10(-8) M
      stimulated secretion and abolished the inhibitory effect of 60 mM K; these
      effects were reversible. Methoxy-verapamil and verapamil antagonized the
      inhibitory effect of 60 mM K in concentration-dependent manners; methoxy
      verapamil was the more potent. Lowering Ca from 3.0 to 0.25 mM potentiated the
      antagonistic effects of both drugs. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that depolarization of juxtaglomerular cells opens voltage-sensitive
      Ca channels and that the influx of Ca mediates the inhibitory effect of
      depolarization on renin secretion. The results are consistent with the more
      general hypothesis that intracellular Ca plays an inhibitory coupling role in the
      control of renin secretion.

PMID- 6814374
TI  - Lateral and transverse mobility of ionophores A23187 and X537A in liposomes.

PMID- 6814376
TI  - The spectrum of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients with neurofibromatosis.
AB  - We have found an appreciable number of pheochromocytomas in patients with
      neurofibromatosis and concurrent hypertension (ten of 18 cases). At diagnosis,
      the patient age range was 15 to 62 years, the clinical appearance of the
      neurofibromatosis did not predict who would and who would not have
      pheochromocytomas, but the age at diagnosis was helpful in that our younger
      patients tended to have causes of hypertension other than pheochromocytoma.
      However, several causes of hypertension may coexist. The biochemical findings
      were highly diagnostic. The pheochromocytomas secreted epinephrine as well as
      norepinephrine and resided in or next to the adrenal gland. Where
      pheochromocytoma is the cause of hypertension, its resection generally results in
      a better control of hypertension than that obtained in patients whose BPs were
      elevated from other unknown causes.

PMID- 6814377
TI  - Pigmented purpuric eruption in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6814378
TI  - Cardiovascular regulation during sleep.

PMID- 6814379
TI  - Study of the electrocerebral activity in partial epilepsies: its role for
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 6814380
TI  - The integrative sensorimotor function of the LP-pulvinar complex.
AB  - An important number of studies have paid attention to the sensorial function of
      the LP-pulvinar complex and its probable polisensorial integrative role. In the
      present review, on the basis of some experimental results, we have tried to
      emphasize the importance of the LP-pulvinar complex in the motor function. In
      this sense, this thalamic complex appears as a probable sensorimotor integrative
      structure. Considering the behavior elicited by electrical as well as chemical
      stimulation of the LP-pulvinar complex, it would seem that this structure is
      related to the type of behavior that researches and examines the environment,
      mainly, by internal motivation. Furthermore, the possible role of the LP-pulvinar
      complex in the sleep and wakefulness mechanism and in the epileptic phenomena, is
      mentioned.

PMID- 6814381
TI  - [A case of annular pancrease in the adult associated with cholelithiasis and
      congenital anomaly: demonstration of the rare annular duct on cholangiography].

PMID- 6814382
TI  - [Nosologic accuracy or semantic impasse?].

PMID- 6814383
TI  - [Treatment of ventricular tachycardia in infancy and childhood with amiodarone].
AB  - Ventricular tachycardia, especially in its apparently primary form, is rare in
      children and difficult to treat, often requiring aggressive methods of reduction
      or antiarrhythmic drugs unsuited for paediatric practice. Therefore, we
      investigated the use of amiodarone whose efficacity in the treatment of resistant
      ventricular tachycardia and good tolerance in children have been established.
      Three infants, aged from 9 to 15 months, and two children aged 6 and 7 years with
      apparently primary VT were selected. Etiological investigations were negative in
      four cases but in one of the older children a left ventricular fibroma was
      diagnosed and removed surgically. Amiodarone was administered orally at a dose of
      500 mg/m2/24 hrs for 5 to 15 days, and then 250 mg/m2/24 hrs for one month in the
      surgical patient and for 9 to 39 months in the four "idiopathic" cases. Reduction
      of VT was obtained in all cases 8 to 48 hours after the first dose. There was
      only one recurrence, attributed to an over-rapid reducing in dosage; it quickly
      regressed after returning to the initial dosage. Stable sinus rhythm was
      maintained at long-term: 18 months, 2 years and 5 years after tailing off a
      course of 20, 40 and 1 month's treatment in 3 children. These cases are
      considered to be cured, but in one of these children two courses of amiodarone
      were required, the second for a relapse 3 months after stopping a 9 month's
      course of therapy. The other two children are still under treatment after 9 and
      15 months with no recurrences. There were no hemodynamic, ocular or thyroid side
      effects. On the other hand, three cases of photosensitivity, two minor and one
      major requiring termination of therapy after a 20 months course, were observed.
      In conclusion, amiodarone would appear to be the treatment of choice for
      ventricular tachycardia in children, reduction of the arrhythmia being obtained
      in all cases even by oral administration within reasonable limits: its
      prophylactic value is excellent and clinical tolerance very satisfactory: a
      definitive cure can be hoped for an idiopathic VT providing that maintenance
      therapy has been sufficiently prolonged (2 years).

PMID- 6814384
TI  - [Neonatal electrocardiographic manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism.
      Correlation with echocardiographic data].
AB  - Twelve infants, average age 5, 4 weeks (range 3 to 8 weeks) with congenital
      hypothyroidism were studied. In addition to routine evaluation including plasma
      T3, T4 and TSH estimation and the establishment of a clinical index of
      hypothyroidism on electrocardiogram and an echocardiogram were performed. The
      following variables were analysed: heart rate, QRS axis in the frontal plane, PR
      interval in Lead II, corrected QT interval in V5, amplitude of the P waves in
      Lead II, R waves in V3R, V1, V5 and V6; S waves in V1, V2 and V4 and T wave in
      V6. The ventricular activation time in V5 and QRS duration in V3R, V1 and V6 were
      also measured. The presence of pericardial effusion, left ventricular posterior
      wall and septal thickness, and left ventricular internal diastolic and systolic
      dimensions were determined by echocardiography. The following conclusions were
      drawn: 1. The ECG of hypothyroidism in the neonatal period is characterised by
      the low amplitude of the left ventricular potentials while increased conduction
      times were much less evident; 2. Only the sum of R + S in V2, the amplitude of
      the T wave in V6 and increase in QRS duration in V3R were influenced by severity
      of hypothyroidism; 3. Left ventricular microvoltage is not due to pericardial
      effusion which was absent in all our cases.

PMID- 6814385
TI  - [Atrioventricular valve replacement in congenital cardiopathies. A series of 25
      surgically-treated patients under 10 years of age].
AB  - A series of 25 congenital malformations of the atrioventricular valves underwent
      valve replacement (10 mechanical and 15 bioprostheses). Seven children died
      during surgery. The operative mortality was higher before 2 years of age (4/7)
      than in older children (3/18). It was also higher when valve replacement was
      performed at second intention (5/14) than when decided on from the outset (2/11).
      With an average follow-up over 3 years, 9 of the 18 survivors are considered to
      be good surgical results. Of the other 9, 3 are considered to be moderate results
      (2 associated subaortic stenoses), 3 present indications of reoperation for
      calcification of the bioprosthesis, and 3 died in the late follow-up period. This
      series suggests that plastic surgery of congenital malformations of the
      atrioventricular valves should continue to be developed.

PMID- 6814386
TI  - [Surgery in complex forms of transposition of the great vessels: long-term
      results in a series of 100 cases].
AB  - A series of 100 patients with complex forms of transposition of the great
      arteries (TGA) were operated upon over a 10 year period. Group 1 consisted of 13
      TGA with pulmonary stenosis (PS), usually treated by an atrial baffle and direct
      repair of the stenosis. There was no operative or late mortality in this group
      and the long-term results were generally good (10/13). Group II comprised 29 TGA
      with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and PS. Seven Rastelli procedures gave 4
      good results. Twenty two operations, associating atrial baffle, repair of VSD and
      PS (17 direct procedures, 5 left ventricle-pulmonary artery tube) were associated
      with a high mortality (5 operative and 4 late deaths) and 10 good long-term
      results. Group III comprised 58 TGA with VSD. Up to 1977 (n = 33) treatment
      consisted of atrial baffle + repair of VSD +/- removal of previous banding.
      Mortality was high (11 operative and 8 late deaths) with only 8 good long-term
      results. Since 1977, these patients have been treated by complete anatomical
      repair, the operative mortality of which is higher in the period under study
      (9/23) but the long-term results are much better. The surgical indications in our
      Department are based on the analysis of these results. In Group I only very
      significant PS is treated, either by left ventricle-pulmonary artery tube or
      direct repair depending on the form of the stenosis. In Group II, where the
      results based on atrial baffle are poor, a Rastelli procedure is preferred and
      especially its variants which avoid the use of prosthetic materials on the
      pulmonary trunk. In Group III, anatomical correction at the level of the great
      arteries is the routine procedure, the only point of discussion being the
      possibility of prior banding.

PMID- 6814387
TI  - [Medium- and long-term results of palliative surgery in complex cyanotic
      cardiopathies. A propos of 228 cases and 292 operations].
AB  - The results of palliative surgery are assessed in a retrospective study of 228
      children operated between 1968 and 1977 for complex cyanotic congenital cardiac
      malformations, the longest follow-up period being 10 years. The surgery consisted
      in revascularising the lung by systemo-pulmonary anastomoses: Blalock-Taussing,
      Potts, Waterston, cavo-pulmonary shunts or, on the contrary, of avoiding
      pulmonary hypertension by limiting pulmonary flow with banding. In addition to
      these two techniques, in some cases atrial septal defects were created to improve
      mixing of the two circulations; equalise the pressures between the two atria and
      relieve the left ventricle (Blalock-Hanlon procedure) or during catheterisation
      (Rashkind manoeuvre). The results of pulmonary revascularisation by systemo
      pulmonary anastomoses were generally satisfactory with respect to the complexity
      of the malformations. There were 56% good results, 82 out of 146 cases. It often
      provided the time for curative surgery to be performed under better conditions
      for the children. The results were worse in children with pulmonary hypertension,
      with only 33% of good results, 25 out of 82 children, and there were many
      complications of banding which additional problems at the time of definitive
      repair. Despite the tendency to widen the indications of so-called curative
      surgery even in very small infants, palliative surgery retains a role in complex
      cardiac malformations either by allowing the children to reach an optimal age for
      repair or by being the only possible therapeutic attitude.

PMID- 6814388
TI  - [Use of valved tubes in the treatment of ventriculo-pulmonary discontinuity. Long
      term results].
AB  - Forty five patients, 2 months to 42 years of age, had valved tubes implanted for
      ventriculo-pulmonary discontinuity. The underlying malformations were: certain
      forms of Fallot's tetralogy (16 cases), transposition of the great arteries with
      ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis (8 cases), truncus arteriosus (9
      cases), double outlet right ventricle (6 cases), other malformations (4 cases).
      Hospital mortality (at 30 days) was 31% (14 cases). This was mainly due to
      technical difficulties related to the large number of palliative procedures and
      to irreversible pulmonary hypertension, present in 43% of cases with fatal
      outcomes. Thirty one patients were followed up for 6 months to 7 years (mean 3 +/
      1,6 years). There were 3 late deaths, one during reoperation for a residual
      shunt. All survivors underwent clinical assessment with hemodynamic control in 17
      cases (15 routine control catheterisations). To date it has only been necessary
      to change one valved tube: a good result was obtained.

PMID- 6814389
TI  - [Treatment of severe aortic stenosis in infants by transventricular valvotomy].

PMID- 6814390
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in subvalvular aortic stenosis. Apropos of 20
      cases].
AB  - Twenty cases of discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in children aged from 8
      months to 23 years were examined by 2-dimensional echocardiography and
      cineangiography. Fifteen of these patients subsequently underwent open heart
      surgery to relieve the obstruction. In 18 cases the obstacle was a fixed stenosis
      (13 type I, 3 type II and 2 type III) and in two cases, the obstacle was provoked
      by accessory tissues of the anterior mitral leaflet. The echocardiographic
      incidences used were the left parasternal long axis, the apical LAO-equivalent,
      and longitudinal and transverse subcostal views. In type I, fixed subvalvular
      stenosis, one fine abnormal echo was visualised in the left ventricular outflow
      tract throughout the cardiac cycle immediately below the aortic valve, best seen
      on apical views. Twelve of the 13 stenoses of this type were demonstrated by 2D
      echocardiography. In type II stenosis an abnormal thickened echo was visualised
      in the left ventricular outflow tract at a distance from the aortic cups. The
      adherence of this abnormal echo to the anterior mitral leaflet was best
      demonstrated by apical views. All three cases of this type were demonstrated by
      echocardiography. Type III stenosis was characterised by widespread narrowing of
      the subaortic region with irregular borders. Obstruction due to accessory tissues
      of the anterior mitral leaflet were well demonstrated in left parasternal long
      axis and apical views. They showed an even rounded mass of echos attached to the
      anterior aspect of the anterior leaflet prolapsing into the left ventricular
      outflow tract. Both cases in this series were diagnosed by 2D echocardiography.
      Therefore, 2D echocardiography with apical and subcostal views is a valuable
      method for diagnosing subvalvular aortic stenosis and for determining its
      anatomical type.

PMID- 6814391
TI  - [Comparative study of left ventricular echocardiographic parameters in congenital
      aortic stenosis and coarctation].
AB  - Left ventricular adaptation to obstruction to ejection (aortic stenosis and
      coarctation) was studied by echocardiography in 85 patients from 1 month to 20
      years of age. Group I: 40 children with pure congenital aortic stenosis. Group
      II: 45 children with coarctation at the aortic isthmus without associated shunts.
      All patients also underwent cardiac catheterisation. The results were compared
      with a control series of 35 normal subjects. Echocardiographic recordings of
      adequate quality for studying the left ventricle and parameters of myocardial
      performance were obtained in all patients. In Group I estimations of the left
      ventricular systolic pressure and the ventriculo-aortic pressure gradient were
      made and compared to the results of catheterisation. Symmetric left ventricular
      hypertrophy was recorded in both groups (h/R, p less than 0,001; myocardial mass,
      p less than 0,001) but this was more common in aortic stenosis (92%) than in
      coarctation (53%). Left ventricular function was similar in both groups with an
      increased fractional shortening (p less than 0,001) and velocity of
      circumferential fibre shortening (p less than 0,001). Good correlations were
      obtained between echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements of left
      ventricular pressures and ventriculo-aortic pressure gradients (pressure R =
      0,83, gradient R = 0,73) using the formula for systolic left ventricular pressure
      = SLV = 225 X PPs/Ds. This proved very useful in assessing which children needed
      surgery.

PMID- 6814392
TI  - ["Straddling" tricuspid valve across an isolated ventricular septal defect.
      Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - Four cases of children from 10 months to 3 years of age with isolated ventricular
      septal defects and straddling tricuspid valve are reported. Three patients
      underwent surgery (mean age: 24 months). The lesion was diagnosed during
      operation in 2 cases. The VSD was a perimembranous defect with extension to the
      ventricular inlet in 2 cases, and in the other it was entirely muscular. The
      straddling involved all the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in 1 case. In
      two cases, there was doubling of the segment with one part crossing the VSD. The
      left ventricular attachment was a type B in 2 patients and type C in 1 patient.
      The tricuspid ring was normally situated in all patients (no overriding). In 2
      patients, the diagnosis was made with the aid of complementary investigations,
      and, in particular, 2D echocardiography. One of these patients has not yet
      undergone surgery as the lesion is well tolerated and because of associated
      mitral regurgitation. In 3 patients, surgery consisted of repairing the
      ventricular septal defect, leaving the abnormal part of the tricuspid valve in
      the left ventricle. All patients survived; there were no cases of post-operative
      atrioventricular block or signs of tricuspid incompetence. With reference to
      these three cases, the authors review the main anatomical lesions, the diagnostic
      signs and different methods of treatment of this condition. Straddling tricuspid
      valve may present as a simple ventricular septal defect. This diagnosis should be
      considered in all cases of posterior ventricular septal defects.

PMID- 6814393
TI  - [Detection and quantification of left-to-right intracardiac shunts by
      angiocardioscintigraphy].
AB  - The ratio of pulmonary/systemic output (QP/QS) was measured by angioscintigraphy
      in 70 patients from 1 to 22 years of age (average 10 years) admitted to the
      Department of pediatric cardiology for a left-to-right shunt. Fifty nine of these
      patients underwent cardiac cathetarisation and QP/QS determination by oxymetry.
      The correlation between the values of QP/QS calculated by the two techniques was
      R = 0,83 (p less than 0,001: n = 59); in 28 cases of atrial septal defect R =
      0,85; in 20 cases of ventricular septal defect, R = 0,75; in 11 cases of other
      left-to-right shunts, R = 0,79. No significant shunt was detected in 16 patients
      by oxymetry and the QP/QS ratio on angioscintigraphy was less than or equal to
      1,2 except in 3 cases. In 7 cases of isolated pulmonary stenosis and 4 cases of
      operated septal defects no shunt could be detected by isotopic investigation. We
      conclude that angioscintigraphy is a reliable non-invasive method of detection
      and assessment of left-to-right shunts. In some cases it may avoid the necessity
      of cardiac catheterisation. The advantages, limitations and applications of this
      method are discussed.

PMID- 6814394
TI  - [Right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery. Surgical treatment].
AB  - The authors report the case of an anomalous right coronary artery arising from
      the pulmonary artery. The patient was an active 18 years old boy who had a
      continuous murmur with diastolic accentuation, the cause of which was determined
      at angiography. There were electrical and echocardiographic signs of moderate
      left ventricular dilatation and thallium scintigraphy showed a myocardial
      perfusion defect. These were the only detectable consequences of this rare
      malformation. Normal coronary circulation was reestablished surgically, the
      indication being the risk of sudden death which has been previously reported
      rather than acute myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6814395
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis of a healthy heart in an infant].
AB  - The case of a 22 months old child with no previous medical history hospitalised
      for an acute infection with pyrexia, arthritis, meningitis and leukocytosis with
      polynucleosis is reported. All bacteriological investigations were sterile; the
      search for soluble antigen and serological tests were negative. Antibiotic
      therapy (Ampicillin and Thiamphenicol) cured the meningitis and arthritis. On the
      10th day of treatment the temperature rose, a systolic murmur was detected and
      echocardiography showed the presence of a large vegetation on the anterior mitral
      leaflet. Three weeks later (on Ampicillin and Amikacine), asymptomatic abolition
      of the femoral pulses and disappearance of the vegetation on echocardiography
      were observed. Angiography confirmed obstruction at the bifurcation of the aorta.
      Surgical removal of the embolism resulted in revascularisation of the femoral
      artery and was followed by apyrexia. This infant probably developed endocarditis
      on a healthy heart. It was complicated by systemic embolism and mitral
      regurgitation which at present is well tolerated.

PMID- 6814396
TI  - [Innominate vein in a subaortic position. Value of contrast echocardiography
      using a suprasternal approach].
AB  - The innominate vein usually lies superior to the aorta: using a suprasternal
      approach and an injection of contrast in the left arm, it is the earliest and
      most cephalad structure to be opacified. The aortic arch, right pulmonary artery
      and left atrium lie respectively below it. This relationship of these four
      structures is constant in all arrangements of the great arteries, forming the
      basis of contrast echocardiographic identification of the great vessels in cases
      of transposition. A case is reported of an innominate vein, the first structure
      to be opacified, lying inferior to the aortic arch and above the right pulmonary
      artery. This anomaly seems to be very rare.

PMID- 6814397
TI  - Prophylaxis with lithium carbonate: an update.

PMID- 6814398
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of cell differentiation in a juxtaglomerular tumor.
AB  - A renal tumor removed from a 29-year-old woman, who recently had had onset of
      primary hypertension, showed the histologic and ultrastructural features of a
      renin-secretory juxtaglomerular cell tumor. The expression of Factor VIII-related
      antigen (FVIII-RAG) was evaluated to identify endothelial differentiation of
      tumor cells in this lesion. Control tissue and vessels within the tumor showed
      normal expression of FVIII-RAG, but tumor cells as well as normal juxtaglomerular
      cells showed no localization of this antigen, which suggests the nonendothelial
      nature of these specialized cells.

PMID- 6814399
TI  - Ossifying fasciitis.
AB  - Metaplastic bone is an uncommon finding in cases of fasciitis. It has been
      reported only in occasional cases in series of patients with nodular fasciitis,
      parosteal fasciitis, proliferative fasciitis, and proliferative myositis.
      Ossification is relatively common in cranial fasciitis of childhood, a form of
      fasciitis that may originate in cranial periosteum. We studied a patient with
      ossifying fasciitis that occurred along the adventitia of the femoral artery, at
      the site of an earlier angiographic study.

PMID- 6814401
TI  - [Clinical significance of HDL-cholesterol variations in viral hepatitis].
AB  - 40 patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis, 18 type A, 18 type B and 4 non
      A non-B have been examined. During the acute phase there was a marked reduction
      in HDL cholesterol (average 4.4) with subsequent steady increase up to 16.6 at
      the 5th week of disease. A highly significant negative correlation was observed
      between transaminases and direct bilirubin. There was no correlation with
      prothrombin activity, phospholipids and albumin. The clinical significance of
      these data is discussed.

PMID- 6814400
TI  - Osteoinduction. Part II: Purification of the osteoinductive activities of bone
      matrix.
AB  - Using a previously described experimental model for demonstration of
      osteoinduction biological activity of variably prepared fractions of
      demineralized bone matrix was studied. Sequential extraction of matrix using
      CaCl2, EDTA, LiCl and water results in an acceleration of the induction process
      and a reduction of immunological host reaction in the case of xenogenic implants.
      Application of chaotropic reagents such as guanidinium chloride and sodium
      thiocyanate has the consequency of lowering the inductive signal. From these
      results it is likely that noncollagenous constituents of bone matrix play a
      significant role in osteoinduction.

PMID- 6814403
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 6814402
TI  - Hormonal variations during sleep in men with erectile dysfunction and normal
      controls.
AB  - Five physically healthy young males suffering from erectile impotence and five
      normal controls of similar age are the subjects of this preliminary report. All
      were studied in the sleep laboratory during 3 to 5 nights with the last two
      devoted to sequential hormonal sampling by means of an indwelling venous
      catheter. Electroencephalogram, eye movements, and penile tumescence were
      monitored continually through the night. Plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone were
      measured every 20 minutes by radioimmunoassay. There were no differences between
      the patients with erectile impotence and normal controls in all sleep parameters
      investigated, including mean tumescent time, time in simultaneous REM and
      tumescence, and number of full and partial tumescent episodes. Marked
      fluctuations in plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone were observed during sleep
      without differences noted between the two groups. Mean plasma LH, but not FSH or
      testosterone, was significantly lower in the impotent men. There were no
      significant differences in mean plasma gonadotrophins and testosterone between
      tumescent episodes and nontumescent periods in either group. A significant
      relation was found in normals, but not in the men with erectile dysfunction,
      between the occurrence of REM sleep and abrupt elevations in testosterone.
      Testosterone levels during REM sleep with tumescence were also consistently
      higher than during the condition of non-REM without tumescence in the normal, but
      not in the impotent, group.

PMID- 6814404
TI  - Jacksonian somatosensory seizures as the sole manifestation of chronic subdural
      hematoma.

PMID- 6814406
TI  - Iris nodules in von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis. Electron microscopic
      confirmation of their melanocytic origin.
AB  - A 75-year-old man had generalized neurofibromatosis (NFT) with bilateral iris
      nodules and a mature cataract with elevated intraocular pressure in his left eye.
      At the time of intracapsular cataract extraction, a sector iridectomy was
      performed. Electron microscopic studies of the iris nodules within the iridectomy
      specimen unequivocally established that the spindle-shaped cells within the
      nodules were of melanocytic origin. We believe that the iris nodules in NFT
      represent melanocytic hamartomas.

PMID- 6814405
TI  - Cromolyn treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis.
AB  - Five patients with symptomatic giant papillary conjunctivitis were treated with
      topical cromolyn sodium eyedrops. All patients responded favorably with relief of
      symptoms. Four of the patients who were subsequently examined while receiving
      cromolyn therapy had less prominent giant papillae on the upper tarsal
      conjunctivae. Thus far, the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis has been
      poorly defined and is not always practical. Topical cromolyn eyedrops seem to be
      helpful in the treatment of this disorder.

PMID- 6814407
TI  - Ocular chrysiasis.

PMID- 6814408
TI  - Energy and tissue metabolism in patients with cancer during nutritional support.
AB  - The present study evaluates the energy and skeletal muscle metabolism in
      malnourished patients, with and without cancer, in response to nutrition. The
      energy balance was positive in all patients receiving nutritional support. This
      led to an increase in body weight and body potassium levels. Glucose turnover
      increased in all patients. In patients with cancer, elevated glucose turnover
      reflected increased utilization of glucose preferentially for synthetic pathways
      rather than for oxidation. Protein synthesis and RNA content in skeletal muscles
      increased during nutrition. Nutritional support improved energy balance and
      protein synthesis capacity in skeletal muscles in patients with cancer to the
      same extent as in malnourished patients without cancer. Malignant cachexia seems
      to be a consequence of a relative lack of energy and not of impaired energy
      utilization in host tissues, at least early in the disease.

PMID- 6814409
TI  - A comparison of serum thyroglobulin measurements and whole body 131I scanning in
      the management of treated differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin levels were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in 76
      patients whose differentiated thyroid carcinoma had been treated by surgery with
      or without subsequent administration of radioactive iodine (131I). Examination of
      the results of 105 concomitant whole body 131I scan results and serum
      thyroglobulin levels showed a high degree (83.8%) of concordance between these
      two techniques. A significant correlation (r = 0.670, p less than 0.001) was
      found between serum thyroglobulin levels and quantitative 131I uptake in the neck
      and/or metastases in 42 patients in whom this was measured. Although a high
      degree of congruence was found between the results of 131I scans and the presence
      or absence of circulating thyroglobulin, 13 patients with negative scans using
      conventional doses of 131I had measurable levels of thyroglobulin. Eight of these
      patients had or subsequently developed evidence of residual thyroid tissue or
      metastatic carcinoma. The measurement of serum thyroglobulin levels in patients
      previously treated for differentiated carcinoma offers a more convenient and more
      sensitive method of detecting residual normal or neoplastic thyroid tissue than
      does whole body scanning in 131I.

PMID- 6814410
TI  - Immunological types of lymphoproliferative disorders in a cohort: a 4-year study.
AB  - Immunological testing of malignant cells and serum from most cases of
      lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) allows the cell type to be characterised as
      of B, T or "null" lymphocyte origin. Regional differences in the incidence of
      neoplasms of these types have been reported. Furthermore, most published series
      have drawn cases from referral institutions rather than the general population.
      In order to determine the true incidence of a cohort we surveyed an entire
      population, that of Tasmania, an island state of Australia with a population of
      410,000, during a defined period, the years 1977-1980 inclusive, for the
      occurrence of LPD. A total of 248 cases was discovered, made up of 133 cases of
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 30 of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 18 of
      acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 54 of multiple myeloma (MM), eight of
      macroglobulinaemia (MGA) and five others. We identified B lymphocytes by the
      presence of surface membrane immunoglobulin (Smlg) and their ability to rosette
      with mouse red blood cells, and T lymphocytes by their ability to rosette with
      sheep red blood cells. Laboratory testing was performed in 201 (81%) of the cases
      and characterisation of the cell of origin as of B, T or "null" type was
      successful in 158 (64%). Of these 158, 136 (86%) were B, 4 (3%) T, and 18 (11%)
      "null". On B cell subtyping by heavy and light chain lg analysis the Tasmanian
      series, compared with other reports, had an apparent paucity of B-CLL, MM and MGA
      of lambda subtype (57 k to 12 lambda, k:lambda ratio 4.8:1) and an unusual
      incidence of B-CLL with the double lg heavy chain combination M+G. Surveys of
      this type may help to point to environmental or other factors important in the
      aetiology of LPD.

PMID- 6814412
TI  - Rieger syndrome with exomphalos.

PMID- 6814411
TI  - Crigler-Najjar Type 1 syndrome: absence of hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl
      transferase activity and therapeutic responses to light.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy with severe congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia is
      described in whom mental retardation occurred as an isolated neurological
      deficit. The diagnosis of Crigler-Najjar type 1 syndrome was supported by an
      extreme and persistent elevation of  serum unconjugated bilirubin (650 mumol/l),
      failure of administered phenobarbitone to lower serum bilirubin concentration and
      family history of a similarly affected sibling. Hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl
      transferase activity determined in vitro by a sensitive new enzyme assay was
      found to be absent using bilirubin or bilirubin monoglucuronide as substrate.
      Phototherapy for 12 hours each night produced a partial but highly significant
      reduction in serum bilirubin concentration, which was not influenced further by
      the administration of cholestyramine.

PMID- 6814413
TI  - Agglutinins to Brucella abortus in horses.

PMID- 6814414
TI  - Immunological studies on equine phycomycosis.
AB  - One in vivo and 2 in vitro tests were developed to study immunological aspects of
      phycomycosis in clinically infected, recovered and normal in-contact horses.
      Serum from all infected horses gave positive readings in an agar-gel double
      diffusion test; serum from normal and recovered horses did not react. A
      complement fixation test detected antibody against Hyphomyces destruens in 82%
      clinical cases at an average titre of 20. Serum from recovered and in-contact
      horses reacted sporadically at positive titre. An intradermal hypersensitivity
      test (Heaf test) was used to detect evidence of cellular immunity to H.
      destruens. Positive tests were observed in 64% of clinically infected horses,
      100% of recovered animals and 31% of normal in-contact horses. Negative tests in
      the clinically infected group were thought to be due either anergy in chronic
      cases or no stimulation in very acute cases. It was concluded that many horses
      showed evidence of past contact with H. destruens and had acquired resistance to
      infection.

PMID- 6814415
TI  - [Development of sarcocystis capracanis Fischer, 1979].

PMID- 6814416
TI  - Analysis of the phenotypes exhibited by rudimentary-like mutants of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Flies mutant for one or both of the last two enzymes of de novo pyrimidine
      biosynthesis express a number of phenotypes that are also expressed by mutants of
      the first four pathway enzymes (r and Dhod-null mutants). However, r-1 flies also
      express two phenotypes, mottled eyes and poor viability, that are not usually
      expressed by r and Dhod-null flies. Chemical determinations show that orotic
      acid, a substrate for the fifth pathway enzyme, accumulates in r-1 individuals
      but not in r and wild-type individuals. Moreover, flies simultaneously mutant for
      r and r-1 do not express the mottled-eye phenotype, showing that r is epistatic
      to r-1 for this r-1-specific phenotype. When genotypically wild-type flies are
      cultured on a medium containing 6-azauracil, the base of a potent inhibitor of
      the last enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, phenocopies are obtained that
      include the mottled-eye as well as the wing phenotypes of r-1 flies. These
      results support hypotheses that the phenotypes common to r, Dhod-null, and r-1
      flies are consequences of uridylic acid deficiency, whereas the r-1-specific
      phenotypes result from orotic acid accumulation in flies lacking either or both
      of the last two enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.

PMID- 6814417
TI  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases for Schneider 2-L cells of Drosophila. I.
      Preliminary characterization.
AB  - The DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of Schneider 2-L cells of Drosophila
      melanogaster are described. These cells contain five readily detectable forms of
      this enzyme, polymerases Ia, Ib, IIIa, II, and IIIb, which elute from DEAE
      Sephadex at 0.08, 0.12, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.22 M ammonium sulfate, respectively.
      RNA polymerases IIIa and IIIb, which each constitute about 5-10% of the total RNA
      polymerase activity in Drosophila embryos, are found to constitute 30 and 10%,
      respectively, of the total polymerase activity in cultured cells. The two form
      III polymerases are further characterized by in vitro response to divalent
      cations and ionic strength, template utilization, and sensitivity to alpha
      amanitin. Verification of the class III designation of these two polymerases is
      provided by their sensitivity to only very high levels of alpha-amanitin (50%
      inhibition at approximately 800 micrograms/ml), their 10-fold greater activity on
      poly[d(A-T)], and their elution from DEAE-cellulose at lower ionic strengths that
      from DEAE-Sephadex.

PMID- 6814418
TI  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Schneider 2-L cells of Drosophila. II.
      Response to infection by an endogenous picorna-like virus.

PMID- 6814419
TI  - Selection at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster: effects
      of ethanol and temperature.
AB  - Drosophila melanogaster larvae were subjected to 10 generations of selection on
      6% ethanol at 17, 25, and 30 degrees C. For each temperature there was a
      significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the frequency of the Adh isoallele.
      Controls with no ethanol showed no change in the frequency of the AdhF isoallele.
      Larvae subjected to stronger selection on 8% ethanol confirmed the results. When
      adults of various ages were subjected to 16 and 32 degrees C, the ADHF isoenzyme
      retained its twofold advantage in activity over ADHS regardless of the
      temperature. The same result was obtained with larvae at 16 and 35 degrees C.
      Although some effect of temperature was demonstrated, it was concluded that the
      effect was not strong enough for temperature to be a selective factor under the
      conditions studied. However, ethanol is a strong selective factor for laboratory
      populations.

PMID- 6814420
TI  - Latitudinal variability of Drosophila melanogaster: allozyme frequencies
      divergence between European and Afrotropical populations.
AB  - Allelic frequencies at five polymorphic loci were determined in seven European
      and six Afrotropical populations of Drosophila melanogaster. African populations,
      which may be considered as ancestral for the species, showed a greater genetic
      diversity as measured by the number of alleles found. Within each geographic
      group (Europe or tropical Africa) genetic distances between local populations
      were very small (D = 0.027). By contrast, the average distance between European
      and African populations (D = 0.389) was more than 12 times bigger. It was
      previously known that various morphological or physiological differences, which
      probably reflect genetic adaptations to different environments, exist between
      these temperate and tropical populations. Data presented here suggest that the
      divergence in allozyme frequencies also reflects some selective mechanisms.

PMID- 6814421
TI  - Urea and thiourea transport in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Wild-type Aspergillus nidulans has an active transport system specific for urea
      which concentrates urea at least 50-fold relative to the extracellular
      concentration. It is substrate concentration dependent, with an apparent Km of 3
      x 10-(5) M for urea. Competition studies and the properties of mutants indicate
      that thiourea is taken up by the same system as urea. Thiourea is toxic at 5mM to
      wild-type cells of Aspergillus nidulans. Mutants, designated ureA1 to ureA16,
      resistant to thiourea have been isolated, and transport assays and growth tests
      show that they are specifically impaired in urea transport. The mutant ureA1 has
      a higher Km value than the wild type for thiourea uptake. The ureA locus has been
      assigned to linkage group VIII. ureA1 is recessive for thiourea resistance while
      semidominant for the low uptake characteristic. The urea uptake system is under
      nitrogen regulation, with L-glutamine as the probable effector. The mutants,
      meaA8 and gdhA1, which are insensitive to ammonium control of many nitrogen
      regulated metabolic systems, are also insensitive to ammonium control of urea
      uptake, but both are sensitive to L-glutamine regulation.

PMID- 6814423
TI  - On the use of the new term "pseudopolymorphism".

PMID- 6814422
TI  - Cross-reactions among carbonic anhydrases I, II, and III studied by binding tests
      and with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Cross-reactions among carbonic anhydrases (CAs) I, II, and III were studied using
      a variety of antisera: (1) a rabbit antiserum to bovine CA III, (2) mouse
      antisera to human CA I, CA II, and CA III; and (3) five monoclonal antibodies
      prepared by the hybridoma technique using splenocytes from a mouse immunized with
      human CAs I and II and bovine CA III. Cross-reactions between CAs were readily
      found by binding assays using these antisera. Human CA I, but not human CA II,
      inhibited the reaction of the rabbit anti-CA III with its homologous antigen.
      Mouse antisera to CA I or CA III bound the homologous I or II with nearly as
      great efficiency as the autologous isozyme and sometimes weakly bound CA III.
      Mouse antisera to CA III frequently bound CA I or II. These cross-reactions were
      confirmed by the first use of hybridoma-prepared, monoclonal antibodies to CAs.
      The mouse monoclonal antibodies to CA isozymes varied in the amount of cross
      reactivity among I, III, and III: at one extreme, one monoclonal was highly
      specific for the autologous CA III; at the other extreme, one monoclonal weakly
      reacted with some examples of CSs I, II, and III.

PMID- 6814424
TI  - Characterization of fragments of human albumin purified by Cibacron blue F3GA
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - Controlled limited proteolysis of human plasma albumin (0.3 mM; 37 degrees C; 15
      min; pH 3.7) with pepsin [pepsin/albumin, 1:1000 (w/w)] in the presence of
      octanoic acid (4.2 mM) yields at least 14 fragments in the range of 5000--56000
      Da. By utilizing a combination of conventional and affinity-chromatographic
      procedures, two fragments with mol. wts. 25000 and 27000 were purified to more
      than 99% homogeneity. The larger fragment consists of a continuous polypeptide
      chain and has been shown to contain the primary bilirubin-binding site. The small
      fragment contains an internal cleavage site. On the basis of amino acid
      compositions, N-terminal sequences, C-terminal sequences, molecular weights and
      other internal markers the locations of these fragments within the known sequence
      of human albumin were determined to be residues 49--308 for the 27000 Da peptide
      and 309--585 for the 25000 Da peptide. Peptide 309--585 contains an internal
      cleavage site and appears to be missing residues 408--423. These non-overlapping
      fragments should be useful for investigations of individual ligand-binding sites
      and for the determination of antigenic sites.

PMID- 6814425
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of the major form of ox kidney aldehyde reductase with D
      glucuronic acid.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the major form of ox kidney aldehyde reductase with
      d-glucuronic acid have been determined at pH7. Initial rate and product
      inhibition studies performed in both directions are consistent with a Di-Iso
      Ordered Bi Bi mechanism. The mechanism of inhibition by sodium valproate and
      benzoic acid is shown to involve flux through an alternative pathway.

PMID- 6814426
TI  - The process for the activation of frog epidermis pro-tyrosinase.
AB  - 1. Purified pro-tyrosinase from epidermis of the frog Rana esculenta ridibunda
      can be activated in vitro by several proteinases (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin,
      Pronase) and by light. 2. Both pro-tyrosinase and tyrosinase are composed of a
      single type of subunit having pI 7.2 and approximate molecular weights 68000 and
      62000 respectively. A peptide of low molecular weight is released as a
      consequence of the proteolytic activation. Pro-tyrosinase and tyrosinase have
      different quaternary structures, the proenzyme being a dimer of Mr approx. 115000
      and the enzyme a tetramer of Mr approx. 210 000. 3. The activation process was
      affected by several agents (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, urea, formamide) that
      prevented, partially or totally, the activation of pro-tyrosinase. 4. The
      activation of pro-tyrosinase seems to be the result of a cleavage of the
      polypeptide chain that determines changes in tertiary or quaternary structure.

PMID- 6814428
TI  - Isolation and immunological characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase from human liver.

PMID- 6814427
TI  - Substrate-specificities of acid and alkaline ceramidases in fibroblasts from
      patients with Farber disease and controls.
AB  - The specific activity of acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC
      3.5.1.23) was measured at pH4.5 in normal fibroblasts and in fibroblasts from
      patients with Farber disease and obligate heterozygotes. Greater activity was
      found when the synthetically made ceramide substrates contained shorter-chain
      fatty acids or higher content of double bonds. Acid ceramidase activities towards
      N-lauroyl- (C(12:0)), N-myristoyl- (C(14:0)) and N-palmitoyl- (C(16:0))
      sphingosine (C(18:1)) were respectively about 38, 26 and 6 times higher than the
      activity towards the N-stearoyl (C(18:0)) substrate. The activity towards N
      linolenoylsphingosine (C(18:3)/C(18:1)), N-linoleoylsphingosine (C(18:2)/C(18:1))
      and N-oleoylsphingosine (C(18:1)/C(18:1)) were respectively about 5, 4 and 3
      times higher than the activity towards N-stearoylsphingosine (C(18:0)/C(18:1)).
      The activity towards N-stearoyldihydrosphingosine (C(18:0)/C(18:0)) was about 40%
      of that towards N-stearoylsphingosine. Fibroblast alkaline ceramidase possessed
      significant activity only towards ceramides of unsaturated fatty acids, with a pH
      optimum of about 9.0. Deficiency of acid ceramidase activity in fibroblasts from
      patients with Farber disease and intermediate activities in obligate
      heterozygotes were demonstrated with all ceramides examined except for N
      hexanoylsphingosine (C(6:0)/C(18:1)), whereas alkaline ceramidase activity was
      unaffected. Comparative kinetic studies of acid ceramidase activity with N
      lauroylsphingosine and N-oleoylsphingosine demonstrated about 5 (2-12)-fold and 7
      (4-17)-fold higher K(m) values in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease
      as compared with normal controls. N-Lauroylsphingosine, towards which acid
      ceramidase activity in control fibroblasts was about 10 times higher than that
      towards N-oleoylsphingosine, may serve as a better substrate for enzymic
      diagnosis of Farber disease as well as for further characterization of the
      catalytically defective acid ceramidase.

PMID- 6814429
TI  - Cell-free synthesis and processing of a large precursor of glutamate
      dehydrogenase of rat liver.

PMID- 6814430
TI  - Enzymatic and immunological characterization of cytochromes P 450 from
      ellipticine-treated rat liver.

PMID- 6814431
TI  - Arachidonic acid-induced chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 6814432
TI  - Isolation and characterization of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone.

PMID- 6814433
TI  - Endogenous phospholipid metabolism in stimulated neutrophils differential
      activation by FMLP and PMA.

PMID- 6814434
TI  - Characterization of the precursors of alpha and beta subunits of follitropin
      following cell-free translation of rat and ovine pituitary mRNAs.

PMID- 6814435
TI  - Is the seryl residue essential for catalytic activity of rat liver arginase?

PMID- 6814436
TI  - The involvement of a lysine residue at the active site of the enoyl reductase of
      pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase.

PMID- 6814437
TI  - Metabolism of benzidine and benzidine-congener based dyes by human, monkey and
      rat intestinal bacteria.

PMID- 6814438
TI  - Vinculin isolated from striated muscles, brain, and embryonic smooth muscle of
      chicken.

PMID- 6814440
TI  - Stimulation of 12-lipoxygenase activity in rat platelets by 17 beta-estradiol.
AB  - The effects of estradiol on the endogenous fatty acid (specifically, arachidonic
      acid) composition of cellular phospholipid fractions and the 12-lipoxygenase
      activity in rat platelets in vivo were studied. Estradiol had no significant
      effect on the endogenous fatty acid composition of cellular phospholipid
      fractions. However, estradiol significantly increased 12-lipoxygenase activity in
      platelets in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of estradiol on
      platelet lipoxygenase was blocked by the anti-estrogen nafoxidine hydrochloride
      which was injected simultaneously together with estradiol in vivo, suggesting
      that the effect in target cells was due directly to estradiol.

PMID- 6814439
TI  - Probes of eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II-I. Binding of 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl-6-mercaptopurine to the elongation subsite.
AB  - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-6-mercaptopurine (ara-6-MP) was used to affinity-label
      wheat germ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (or B) (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA
      nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6). This nucleoside analogue was found to be a
      competitive inhibitor with respect to [3H]UMP incorporation. Natural substrates
      protected the enzyme from inactivation by ara-6-MP when the enzyme was
      preincubated with excess concentrations of substrates, suggesting that the
      inhibitor binds at the elongation subsite. The inhibitor bound the catalytic
      center of the enzyme with a stoichiometry of 0.6:1. The sulfhydryl reagent,
      dithiothreitol, reversed the inhibition by ara-6-MP, suggesting that the 6-thiol
      group of the inhibitor was interacting closely with an essential cysteine residue
      in the catalytic center of the enzyme. Chromatographic analysis of the pronase
      digestion products of the RNA polymerase II-ara-6-MP complex also showed that ara
      6-MP had bound a cysteine residue. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the denatured [6-35S]ara-6-MP-labeled RNA polymerase II
      revealed that over 80% of the radioactivity was associated with the IIb subunit
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 6814441
TI  - Inhibition of rabbit liver monoamine oxidase by nitro aromatic compounds.
AB  - Nitrobenzoid, nitroheterocyclic and cyanobenzoid compounds inhibit type B
      monoamine oxidase. A partially purified enzyme preparation from rabbit liver
      mitochondria, oxidizing rho-dimethyl-aminobenzylamine as the substrate, was
      competitively inhibited by nitrobenzoid compounds with K1 values in the range of
      0.28 muM for rho-dinitrobenzene to 0.56 muM for rho-nitrobenzoic acid. The
      potencies of nitrobenzoid compounds were positively correlated with the Hammett
      sigma value for each substituent on nitrobenzene. Dinitro derivatives were
      slightly more potent than the corresponding mononitro compounds but not as potent
      as would be expected from their sigma values. For the nitroheterocyclic
      compounds, inhibition was also competitive; the lowest K1 was 1.3 muM for 5
      nitrofurfural semicarbazone (nitrofurazone). Compounds with cyano groups in place
      of nitro groups were also inhibitory; the most potent was rho-acetobenzonitrile
      with a K1 of 1.3 muM. The results of this study indicate that, in addition to
      nitrobenzoid compounds, other compounds with planar, electron-deficient nuclei
      are effective inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase. Although hydrophobic and
      steric parameters may play some role in inhibition, the predominant factor is the
      electron-withdrawing power of the ring substituents.

PMID- 6814443
TI  - Similarity of rat intestinal and hepatic microsomal 7-hydroxycoumarin-UDP
      glucuronyltransferase: in vitro activation by triton-X100, UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine and MgCl2.

PMID- 6814442
TI  - Increased formation of phosphatidic acid induced with vasopressin or Ca2+
      ionophore A23187 in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of vasopressin and Ca2+ ionophore A23187 on phospholipid metabolism
      were investigated in rat hepatocytes. Vasopressin stimulated the incorporation of
      [32P]Pi into phosphatidic acid within 2 min but then it returned to control level
      after 10 min. On the other hand, the stimulation of the incorporation of [32P]Pi
      into phosphatidylinositol continued with incubation times up to 20 min. The Ca2+
      ionophore A23187 also increased the 32P-labeling in phosphatidic acid, although
      it had no effect on [32P]Pi incorporation into phosphatidylinositol. Concerning
      the incorporation of [3H]glycerol, vasopressin did not enhance its incorporation
      into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187
      increased the incorporation into phosphatidic acid without significant effects on
      that into phosphatidylinositol. In the hepatocytes prelabeled with
      [3H]arachidonic acid, stimulated degradation of phosphatidylinositol with the
      addition of vasopressin and resultant formation of phosphatidic acid were
      observed within 5 min. The transient accumulation of diacylglycerol, the product
      of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, also occurred within 5 min with vasopressin.
      On the other hand, with the Ca2+ inophore A23187, stimulated degradation of
      triacylglycerol to diacylglycerol and the consequent formation of phosphatidic
      acid were observed. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 caused a significant release of
      free [3H]arachidonic acid, although vasopressin had no effect.

PMID- 6814444
TI  - Aldehyde reductases: monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases with
      multifunctional potential.

PMID- 6814445
TI  - Uptake of alpha-difluoromethylornithine by mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 6814446
TI  - 2,3,4,4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl: differential effects on C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred
      mice.

PMID- 6814447
TI  - Inhibition of metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity by 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines in
      mouse mastocytoma (line P815) cells.

PMID- 6814448
TI  - Disposition of maternally-administered methadone and its effects on hepatic drug
      metabolizing functions in perinatal guinea pigs.
AB  - Racemic methadone HCl(25 mg/kg given every 12 hr for 2 consecutive days) was
      administered orally to pregnant (60-65 days of gestation) or nursing (0-8 days
      post-partum) albino guinea pigs. The dams, fetuses and pups were killed 12 hr
      after the last dose for the analysis of maternal and perinatal plasma, brain,
      hepatic and renal methadone residues by GLC and the in vitro measurement of
      maternal and perinatal microsomal mono-oxygenase [p-nitroanisole O-demethylase
      (OD) and aniline hydroxylase (AH)] and glucuronosyltransferase (GT) activities.
      Methadone was acquired by the perinatal guinea pig both transplacentally and via
      the milk, more agent being obtained by the former route. Fetal plasma levels of
      methadone were consistently lower than those detected in the mother due, largely,
      to differential plasma protein binding. The perinatal pattern of tissue
      distribution of methadone was markedly different from that observed in the dam,
      exceedingly high levels being found in fetal brain and kidney. Maternally
      administered methadone did not affect the ontogenesis of perinatal OD, AH and GT
      but it did reduce significantly the levels of hepatic GT activity in the pups and
      in the dams.

PMID- 6814449
TI  - Role of type A and type B monoamine oxidase in the metabolism of released
      [3H]dopamine from rat striatal slices.

PMID- 6814451
TI  - Metabolic activation of ftorafur [R,S-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil]:
      the microsomal oxidative pathway.

PMID- 6814450
TI  - Phospholipase A2 activity in carrageenin-induced inflammatory tissue of rats.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 activity was detected in 7-day-old carrageenin-induced
      inflammatory tissue of rats using a synthetic substrate. 1-acyl-2-[3H]arachidonyl
      phosphatidylcholine. The inflammatory tissue was homogenized in saline containing
      1 M KCl, and the 105,000 g supernatant fraction was placed on a Sephadex G-100
      column. The partially purified phospholipase A2 had a pH optimum at 6-7 and was
      Ca2+ dependent. p-Bromophenacyl bromide was strongly inhibitory to the partially
      purified phospholipase A2 (IC50 = 1.44 x 10(-5) M). A moderate inhibition was
      observed with indomethacin. Cycloheximide and dexamethasone, which inhibit
      prostaglandin production in inflammatory tissue, exerted no direct inhibitory
      action on the phospholipase A2. There were no direct inhibitory effects of
      quinacrine, bradykinin, or actinomycin D. The cell-free supernatant fraction of
      the inflammatory exudate of 7-day-old carrageenin-induced granulation tissue was
      found to have no phospholipase A2 activity.

PMID- 6814452
TI  - Enhancement of arterial thromboformation by uric acid, a free radical scavenger.

PMID- 6814453
TI  - The gastric antisecretory activity of a phenothiazine molecule, LM 24056.
AB  - The effect on the gastric secretion of the phenothiazine molecule N,N-dimethyl-10
      (3-quinuclidinyl)-2-phenothiazine sulfonamide (LM24056) was studied in dogs
      equipped with gastric fistula and denervated pouch. The gastric stimulation was
      obtained either by exogenous stimulants (gastrin, gastrin + bethanechol,
      histamine) or by endogenous ones released by feeding gastrin; LM 24056 was
      infused i.v. 1. I.v. administration of 1.25 to 5 mg . kg-1 . h-1 of LM 24056 had
      a nearly complete inhibitory action on gastric juice secretion (acid and pepsin),
      on gastrin- and gastrin + bethanechol-stimulated secretion. The LM, 24056
      concentration which produced 50% inhibition (IC50%) of acid and pepsin secretion
      was about 1.25 mg . kg-1 . h-1. 2. LM 24056 appeared to be unable to reduce the
      histamine-stimulated secretion. 3. I.v. administration of 1 to 30 mg . h-1 of LM
      24056 reduced or abolished both gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. The
      IC50 was 5 mg . h-1 (or about 0.5 mg . kg-1 . h-1) for both responses. The
      possible mechanism of action of LM 24056 is discussed in comparison with those of
      H2-receptor antagonists, of atropine and of pirenzepine, respectively.

PMID- 6814454
TI  - Health and disease in the United States.

PMID- 6814455
TI  - Long-term care: can our society meet the needs of its elderly?

PMID- 6814456
TI  - Economic evaluation of public health programs.

PMID- 6814457
TI  - Epidemiology as a guide to health policy.

PMID- 6814458
TI  - Public health nursing: the nurse's role in community-based practice.

PMID- 6814459
TI  - Strategies for the reimbursement of short-term hospitals.

PMID- 6814460
TI  - Crusted (Norwegian) scabies.

PMID- 6814461
TI  - [Acute-phase proteins in the serum of patients with amebic liver abscess].

PMID- 6814462
TI  - Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of dopamine neurons produce bilateral self
      stimulation deficits.
AB  - Sixteen rats, which had electrode implants in each hemisphere which generated
      comparable self-stimulation rate-intensity functions, were used in this study.
      Eight of the rats received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injections into the
      substantia nigra pars compacta, which produced severe unilateral losses of
      dopamine and were effective in generating apomorphine-induced turning away from
      the injected hemisphere. Of the remaining 8 rats, 5 received unilateral 6
      hydroxydopamine lesions aimed at the ventral tegmental area and 3 were give
      vehicle injections. The vehicle injections were without effect on self
      stimulation and the ventral tegmental injections had an overall transient
      facilitative effect on self-stimulation. The 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the
      pars compacta, however, had variable effects. In some rats there was a marked
      bilateral reduction in self-stimulation over 8 weeks; whereas, there was little,
      if any, effect in other rats. The rats which sustained the bilateral deficits
      also sustained the greatest unilateral loss of dopamine. The unilateral 6
      hydroxydopamine lesions of the pars compacta consistently blocked the
      facilitative influence of 0.5 mg/kg of D-amphetamine on self-stimulation
      bilaterally, and this effect persisted over 8 weeks of postoperative testing.
      These results were considered supportive of a response rather than reinforcement
      role for dopamine in the mediation of self-stimulation behavior.

PMID- 6814463
TI  - Ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) controls electrocortical beta rhythms and
      associated attentive behaviour in the cat.
AB  - When a cat is immobile, very alert and displaying behaviour suggesting focused
      attention toward a target in its environment, beta rhythms (ca. 40 Hz) develop in
      the fronto-parietal cortical areas. After bilateral electrolytic lesions of the
      ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT), these beta rhythms are suppressed (while
      other cortical activities, with other behavioural correlates, persist), and at
      the same time, attentive immobility is no longer observed: the same experimental
      situation as in the control now elicits locomotor hyperactivity. Arguments are
      produced, favouring the hypothesis that both behavioural immobility and the
      accompanying thalamocortical beta rhythms are controlled through one of the
      dopaminergic system that originate from the VMT and are distinct from the
      nigrostriatal one.

PMID- 6814464
TI  - Single and combined lesions of the cats thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and the
      mamillary bodies lead to severe deficits in the acquisition of an alternation
      task.
AB  - The acquisition of a spatial alternation task was tested in five groups of adult
      cats. Two groups were used for control; one of them consisted of nonlesioned
      cats, the other of cats with chemical lesions (ibotenic acid) of the ventral
      tegmental area. The other three groups of cats received chemical lesions of the
      mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, the mamillary bodies, or of both structures
      together. Cats with lesions of the ventral tegmental area were non-significantly
      impaired in comparison to non-lesioned cats in the acquisition of the task. Cats
      with lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus, the mamillary bodies, or with combined
      lesions of both structures were significantly impaired, compared to the two
      control groups; among each other, however, their performance rates were similar.
      As none of the cats with single or combined lesions of the mamillary and the
      mediodorsal nuclei manifested observable abnormalities with respect to motor,
      motivational, or emotional behavior during their testing period, it is concluded
      that their--compared to the other two groups--inferior performance was due to a
      memory defect. As all three kinds of lesions resulted in a similar defect, it is
      suggested that the mamillary and the mediodorsal nuclei transmit information to
      one or more common target area(s), which is (are) dependent on information from
      either nucleus to operate effectively.

PMID- 6814465
TI  - [Regional circulatory changes in heart failure as affected by intravenous
      nitroglycerin administration].
AB  - The effect of nitroglycerin intravenously injected in 23 patients with heart
      failure (stage A and stage B), on the regional blood circulation (the chest,
      abdominal cavity, crus and finger) was studied by the method of
      impedansplethysmography. Various reactivity of capacious and resistive vessels of
      different vascular regions was found in reply to an intravenous injection of the
      drug. The redistribution of the venoarterial circulation in the regions studied
      occurred depending on the changes in the central hemodynamics. While
      administering nitrates to patients with circulatory failure it is necessary to
      take into account the state of the central and regional hemodynamics in the
      initially high total peripheral resistance. The control over changes of the pulse
      blood filling in different vascular vessels under the influence of nitroglycerin
      may be sufficiently informative for the choice of individual doses of the
      vasodilator and the assessment of the effectiveness of the therapy.

PMID- 6814466
TI  - [Controlled clinical trial of dihydroergocristine in neuropsychiatric disorders
      in cerebrovascular insufficiency].

PMID- 6814467
TI  - [Clinically conclusive considerations on diverticular disease in the elderly].

PMID- 6814468
TI  - Erythrocyte cholesterol and red blood cells deformability in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The study was designed to determine eventual correlation in diabetes mellitus
      between reduced erythrocyte deformability and red blood cells (RBC) cholesterol
      content. Significantly higher RBC cholesterol amount was found in 11 diabetics
      (IDDM) than in 13 controls of similar age (45 +/- 10 yrs) (1.30 mg ml-1 packed
      cells -1 +/- 0.15 SD vs 1.19 +/- 0.10 SD, p less than 0.05). Blood filterability
      values have been found significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in the diabetics
      (42.2 +/- 11.5 SD ml sec. -1) than in controls (33.5 +/- 6.0). Flow time of RBC
      filterability, measured in erythrocyte saline buffered suspension (40% Hct) in
      order to eliminate interferences from plasmatic factors, showed a closely
      correlation with RBC cholesterol content (r = 0.86 p less than 0.01). A
      significant inverse correlation between RBC cholesterol content and serum ApoA1
      HDL levels was also observed (r = -0.58, p less than 0.05). Moreover ApoA1-HDL
      serum values were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in diabetics (111.8 +/-
      10.1 mg/dl) than in controls (126 +/- 6.6 mg/dl). Our data underline the possible
      involvement of augmented erythrocyte cholesterol in impairing the microhemologic
      competence of RBC in diabetes mellitus. A possible relation with lower ApoA1-HDL
      and lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT) is examined.

PMID- 6814469
TI  - Preliminary characterization of adenosine deaminase from Bacillus cereus.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase from Bacillus cereus is quite unstable, similarly to other
      bacterial deaminases, but it shows a peculiar stabilizing effect by some
      monovalent cations. These include K+, Li+, NH4+ and to a lesser extent Cs+.
      Maximal stabilization of the deaminase is exerted by K+ at concentrations higher
      than 20 mM. The enzyme can be rapidly inactivated by sulphydryl reagents such as
      p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Since adenosine deaminase from B. cereus, in addition
      to monovalent cations, is stabilized also by dithiothreitol, a possible influence
      of monovalent cations on the reactivity of some sulphydryl groups on the enzyme
      has been suggested.

PMID- 6814471
TI  - Ventilatory and cardiovascular effects of BHT 933 in volunteers.
AB  - In 12 healthy volunteers BHT 933 in doses of 5 and 10 mg had minimal effects on
      ventilation, a small fall in total volume occurred with the highest dose. BHT 933
      (5 mg) reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but had little effect
      on autonomic reactivity tests, whereas the 10 mg dose reduced the response to
      these tests. Both doses of BHT 933 caused marked sedation. It is concluded that 5
      mg BHT 933 orally presents the most suitable profile of activity for further
      studies into its usefulness as an anti-tussive and antihypertensive.

PMID- 6814470
TI  - Double-blind comparison of the respiratory and sedative effects of codeine
      phosphate and (+/-)-glaucine phosphate in human volunteers.
AB  - 1 Two antitussive agents (+/-)-glaucine phosphate and codeine phosphate have been
      compared with placebo with respect to ventilation, ventilatory response to carbon
      dioxide, pulse, blood pressure, digit symbol substitution, sedation score and the
      Zahlen-Verbindung test performance in ten healthy volunteers (22-36 years). The
      study was double-blind and the two doses of each antitussive agent and the
      placebo were administered as a syrup. 2 Both codeine phosphate and (+/-)-glaucine
      phosphate displaced the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide to the right. 3
      The effect of codeine phosphate on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was
      not dose dependent: 30 mg produced greater effects than the 60 mg dose. 4 Only
      the highest dose of (+/-)-glaucine phosphate (60 mg) caused respiratory
      depression and this was associated with sedation and decreased performance in the
      digit symbol substitution test. 5 Neither antitussive agent had significant
      effects upon pulse or blood pressure and codeine phosphate had no detectable
      sedative activity.

PMID- 6814473
TI  - Effect of ICRF-187 on doxorubicin-induced myocardial effects in the mouse and
      guinea pig.
AB  - ICRF-187 was tested for cardioprotective activity in doxorubicin-treated mice and
      guinea pigs. Pretreatment with i.p. ICRF-187 caused a significant decrease in the
      indicence of i.v. doxorubicin-induced myocardial histological damage in the
      mouse. I.p. ICRF-187 did not, however, reduce the effect of i.p. doxorubicin on a
      functional myocardial effect of this antitumour drug, a reduced histamine
      responsiveness of right atria in vitro. These data suggest that ICRF-187 may not
      be specific for all the cardiac effects of doxorubicin.

PMID- 6814472
TI  - RO 15-1788 antagonises the central effects of diazepam in man without altering
      diazepam bioavailability.
AB  - 1 In a double-blind, placebo controlled study, the efficacy of Ro 15-1788, a new
      benzodiazepine antagonist, in blocking the cognitive, psychomotor and subjective
      effects of diazepam, was investigated in a group of six healthy male volunteers.
      2 The central effects of orally administered diazepam (40 mg) were most
      pronounced 1 h after dosing and persisted for 9 h with decreasing severity. 3
      Concurrent oral administration of Ro 15-1788 (200 mg) completely prevented the
      impairment in cognitive and psychomotor function observed after diazepam alone. 4
      The duration of action of Ro 15-1788 was shorter than that of diazepam. 5 Plasma
      diazepam levels after administration of the diazepam/antagonist combination were
      very similar to those observed following diazepam alone.

PMID- 6814474
TI  - Use of lectins for the study of human epidermal differentiation.

PMID- 6814475
TI  - Atypical presentation of acute phase, antibody-induced haemolytic anaemia in an
      infant.
AB  - We describe a case of 'warm' antibody-induced haemolytic anaemia (WAIHA) in which
      marked depression of red cell Rh antigen expression resulted in the patient
      presenting with severe anaemia but a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT). The
      serum contained potent IgG Rh antibodies. Unlike two previously reported cases
      (Koscielak, 1980; Veer et al. 1981) in which the diagnosis of WAIHA was
      established before the DAT became negative, this patient presented with negative
      serological findings during his first episode of anaemia. As a result, the serum
      antibodies appeared to be allo- not autoimmune in nature and to be unrelated to
      the patient's anaemia. Confirmation of the autoimmune nature of the Rh antibodies
      was not possible until nearly 2 years after the first episode of anaemia.

PMID- 6814477
TI  - Precipitation of alpha-chains on the centrioles of erythroblasts in beta
      thalassaemia.

PMID- 6814476
TI  - Secretion of plasminogen activator by the human macrophage-like cell line, GCT:
      separation from colony-stimulating and erythropoiesis-enhancing activities.
AB  - The human macrophage-like cell line, GCT, elaborates monokines such as colony
      stimulating activity (CSA) and erythropoiesis-enhancing activity (EEA) which
      stimulate the growth of primitive blood progenitors in culture. These cells also
      secrete a fibrinolysis activator (FA), which can be identified if cells are
      cultured in serum-free medium. FA was found to have a similar molecular weight to
      CSA and EEA by gel filtration but could be separated from them by ion exchange
      chromatography. Subcellular fractionation of GCT cells indicated that
      fibrinolytic activity was present in the cell membranes and cytosol, whereas CSA
      and EEA were present only in the cytosol. FA resembled urokinase in molecular
      weight and its strict requirement for plasminogen as a substrate. Double
      immunodiffusion of GCT activator and urokinase against anti-urokinase antiserum
      resulted in a line of identity, and incubation of activator with antiserum
      resulted in loss of its fibrinolytic activity. Thus, GCT activator was similar,
      if not identical to the plasminogen activator, urokinase.

PMID- 6814478
TI  - Distinct local environments of the pyrene chromophores in the covalent
      deoxyribonucleic acid adducts of 9,10-epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrene
      and 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene elucidated by
      optically detected magnetic resonance.
AB  - The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra of the covalent DNA
      adduct of 9,10-epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrene (BePE) reveal that the
      excited triplet state chromophore is perturbed by the nucleic acid and that this
      perturbation is diminished successively by denaturation and enzymatic hydrolysis
      of the modified DNA, indicating that the adduct resides in an environment with
      some quasi-intercalative character. In contrast the covalent adduct of 7,8
      dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene shows little ODMR evidence
      of interaction with the nucleic acid, which, in view of ODMR's sensitivity
      demonstrated for the BePE adduct, suggests that the chromophore is situated in an
      environment resembling the bulk solvent. These results demonstrate that ODMR is
      more sensitive than conventional phosphorescence techniques to interactions
      between these pyrene-like chromophores and DNA.

PMID- 6814479
TI  - Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of nitrite reductase
      substrate interaction.
AB  - Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance (15N NMR) spectroscopy at 30.4 MHz was
      employed to determine the interaction of the substrate nitrite (97.2% enriched)
      with bacterial nitrite reductase, denoted cytochrome cd1, from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. The addition of ferric enzyme to nitrite did not alter the chemical
      shift of the bulk nitrite resonance, nor was it possible to observe a new
      resonance from a hypothetical bound form. However, the spin-lattice relaxation
      time (T1) was lowered from 13.2 to 2.7 s, and the spin-spin relaxation time (T2)
      was halved. Values of T1 were measured by progressive saturation and values of T2
      by line widths. Control experiments involving ferric cytochrome c and
      metmyoglobin demonstrated that the perturbations did not arise from the bulk
      paramagnetic properties of the protein solutions. Variable enzyme/substrate
      ratios were measured to assess the strength of interaction. The most reasonable
      model consistent with the data proposes a weak association between nitrite and
      ferric reductase with a value of 1.3 M-1 for the association constant.

PMID- 6814480
TI  - Isolation of seventeen proteins and amino-terminal amino acid sequences of eight
      proteins from cytoplasmic ribosomes of yeast.
AB  - Seventeen ribosomal proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from small
      ribosomal subunits and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate treated 80S ribosomes
      by chromatography on a column of carboxymethylcellulose and/or by filtration
      through Sephacryl S-200. The isolated proteins are YS4, YS7, YS8, YS9, YS10,
      YS12, YS14, YS18, YS23, YS29, YL11, YL13, YL16, YL17, YL22, YL38, and YL40
      [nomenclature according to Otaka & Osawa (1981) [Otaka, E., & Osawa, S. (1981)
      Mol. Gen. Genet. 181, 176-182]]. The purification procedures and the amino acid
      compositions of these proteins are presented. Amino-terminal amino acid sequences
      of YS4, YS6, YS11, YS15, YS16, YS22, YL10, and YL31 have been determined and
      compared with those from rat liver [Wittmann-Liebold, B., Geissler, A. W., Lin,
      A., & Wool, I. G. (1979) J. Supramol. Struct. 12, 425-433] and Halobacterium
      cutirubrum [Matheson, A. T., Moller, W., Amons, R., & Yaguchi, M. (1980) in
      Ribosomes: Structure, Function and Genetics (Chambliss, G., et al., Eds.) pp 297
      332, University Park Press, Baltimore, MD; M. Yaguchi, unpublished experiments].

PMID- 6814481
TI  - Purification and characterization of avian liver mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate
      decarboxylase.
AB  - Mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase [ATP:5-diphosphomevalonate carboxy-lyase
      (dehydrating), EC 4.1.1.33] has been purified 5800 times from chicken liver and
      obtained in a stable and highly purified form. The protein is a dimer of
      molecular weight 85400 +/- 1941, and its subunits were not resolved by gel
      electrophoresis in denaturing conditions. The purified enzyme does not require
      the presence of SH-containing reagents for either activity or stability. The
      enzyme shows a high specificity for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and requires
      for activity a divalent metal cation, Mg2+ being most effective. The optimum pH
      for the enzyme ranges from 4.0 to 6.5. Inhibitory effects for the enzyme activity
      were detected by citrate, phthalate, and phosphate. The isoelectric point, as
      determined by column chromatofocusing, is 4.8. The kinetics are hyperbolic for
      both substrates, showing a sequential mechanism; true Km values of 0.0141 mM and
      0.504 mM have been obtained for mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate and ATP, respectively.

PMID- 6814482
TI  - Synthesis of the antibacterial peptide cecropin A (1-33).
AB  - Cecropin A(1-33) was synthesized by an improved stepwise solid-phase method. The
      synthesis was designed to give high coupling yields and minimal amounts of
      byproducts. All coupling steps were monitored for completion by a new ninhydrin
      procedure, and the fully protected peptide-resin was analyzed for deletion
      peptides by the solid-phase Edman preview technique. Both methods indicated that
      the average coupling yield was greater than 99.8%. The unpurified peptide mixture
      resulting from HF cleavage and extraction into 10% acetic acid was analyzed by
      reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and 93% of the total product
      was shown to be the desired [Trp(For)2]cecropin A(1-33), indicating an average
      yield per synthetic cycle of 99.8%. Removal of the formyl group at pH 9, followed
      by ion-exchange chromatography, gave the purified product. Cecropin A(1-33)
      showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      bacteria. Against Escherichia coli, the activity was only slightly lower than
      that of the natural 37-residue cecropin A when tested over a 100-fold
      concentration range; the minimum inhibitory concentration was approximately 1
      microM. The formyl derivative was somewhat less effective in killing E. coli than
      the free 1-33 peptide. The antibacterial activity was discussed in terms of an
      amphipathic alpha-helix structure and the binding of the peptide to bacterial
      membranes.

PMID- 6814483
TI  - Inactivation of beta-Galactosidase by iodination of tyrosine-253.
AB  - Beta-Galactosidase is rapidly inactivated by iodination catalyzed by
      lactoperoxidase but is not inactivated in the presence of the substrate analogue,
      isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Enzyme activity is lost upon the
      incorporation of 1 mol of iodine per mol of monomer, without dissociation of the
      tetrameric structure. Tryptic digests of beta-galactosidase iodinated with 125I
      in the presence and absence of IPTG were separated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and were compared. One fraction was found to be more highly
      labeled in the digest from the inactivated protein. After isolation of the
      peptide, amino acid analysis indicated it to be Asp-Tyr-Leu-Arg, residues 252
      255. Thus, Tyr-253 is the most reactive tyrosine in beta-galactosidase. This
      suggests that the conformation of this region of the protein may be altered by
      binding of IPTG to make Tyr-253 less accessible to iodination. Alternatively, Tyr
      253 could be an active-site residue.

PMID- 6814484
TI  - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase: effect of reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate on the selectivity and affinity of
      diaminobenzylpyrimidines.

PMID- 6814485
TI  - Escherichia coli B membrane stability related to cell growth phase. Measurement
      of temperature dependent physical state change of the membrane over a wide range.
AB  - Escherichia coli B cytoplasmic and outer membrane from cells in different growth
      phases showed different chemical compositions. In freezing, logarithmic phase
      cells showed a marked permeability increase in the outer as well as the
      cytoplasmic membrane. Whereas, in the stationary phase cells no such change in
      membrane permeability was observed. Cooling of phospholipids and
      lipopolysaccharides with trans-parinaric acid showed a distinct fluorescence
      increase from room temperature to far below 0 degrees C. In the outer membrane
      the fluorescence similar to that of lipopolysaccharides was shown. The outer
      membranes of cells in different growth phases showed similar temperature
      dependent fluorescence changes. The cytoplasmic membrane inhibited a temperature
      dependent fluorescence similar to that of the phospholipids. The onset
      temperature of the increase in fluorescence differed with the cells at different
      growth phases. The presence of EDTA and MgCl2 modified the fluorescence changes
      in the membranes from cells in logarithmic phase. Whereas, in the membranes from
      cells in stationary phase no such effect was observed. These results suggest that
      the organizational stability of the membranes from cells in stationary phase is a
      fundamental basis of the membrane's resistance to the freezing damage.

PMID- 6814486
TI  - Uptake of Ca2+ by isolated secretory vesicles from adrenal medulla.
AB  - Intact secretory vesicles isolated from bovine adrenal medulla contain 94 nmol
      Na+ per mg of protein, and Ca2+ influx into the vesicles is inhibited by
      increasing concentrations of extravesicular Na+ (but not of K+, Li+ or choline+)
      or by addition of the Na+ ionophore monensin. Thus Ca2+ influx in determined by
      the Na+ gradient across the vesicular membrane. Half maximal inhibition of Ca2+
      influx occurs with 34 nM Na+ extravesicularly. The fact that Ca2+ can also be
      released from the vesicles by inversion of the Na+ gradient provides direct
      evidence that an Na+-Ca2+ exchange may operate. According to an analysis of the
      inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by Na+ in a Hill plot 2 Na+ would be exchanged for 1
      Ca2+. Ca2+ influx into the vesicles increases with temperature (energy of
      activation; 16 kcal/mol), can be observed already with 10(-7) M free Ca2+ and
      increases up to 10(-4) M Ca2+. Ca2+ influx is not affected by Mg2+ but Sr2+ is
      inhibitory. Since the process is only slightly influenced by the pH of the
      incubation medium and is insensitive to Mg2+-ATP or inhibitors of the proton
      translocating Mg2+-ATPase the electrochemical proton gradient across the
      vesicular membrane does not affect directly the Ca2+ influx into the secretory
      vesicles. Ca2+ uptake is insensitive to ruthenium red and oligomycin.

PMID- 6814487
TI  - Deformability of isolated red blood cell membranes.
AB  - We have used a laser diffraction method (ektacytometry) to directly measure the
      membrane component of red cell deformability, without contributions from either
      cell geometry or internal viscosity. This technique was validated by subjecting
      resealed erythrocyte ghosts to manipulations previously shown to increase the
      membrane shear modulus. Heating above 45 degrees C, pH greater than 9.0 and less
      than 5.0, and micromolar concentrations of the cross-linking agents,
      glutaraldehyde and diamide, all reduced the deformability of resealed erythrocyte
      ghosts. We have applied this assay to the study of reduced cellular deformability
      of calcium-loaded red cells, and have shown that, for physiological
      concentrations of calcium, the effect of calcium on the physical properties of
      the membrane may be negligible when compared to its effect of promoting cell
      dehydration and subsequent increased cytoplasmic viscosity.

PMID- 6814488
TI  - Peptide transport in rabbit kidney. Studies with L-carnosine.
AB  - L-Carnosine was shown to be transported into rabbit renal brush-border membrane
      vesicles by an Na+ -independent mechanism. The transport was competitively
      inhibited by glycyl-L-proline. Various di- and tripeptides inhibited L-carnosine
      transport, whereas free amino acids did not. Inhibition studies showed that
      blocking the free amino and carboxyl groups of the peptide reduced its affinity
      for the transport carrier. Under the conditions in which there was no detectable
      hydrolysis of L-carnosine in the medium, intravesicular contents showed a 30%
      hydrolysis of the peptide within the vesicles. Disruption of membrane vesicles
      with deoxycholate resulted in a 3-fold increase in L-carnosine hydrolyzing
      activity over untreated intact vesicles. Based on these observations, a model for
      peptide transport is proposed in which transport of the intact peptide across the
      membrane is followed by its partial or complete hydrolysis by a membrane
      peptidase whose active site is on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.

PMID- 6814489
TI  - Further characterization of intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase.
AB  - Pig intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23/62) was purified in its
      amphiphilic form by immunoadsorbent chromatography. The purified enzyme was free
      of other known brush border enzymes and appeared homogeneous in
      immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      SDS. Pig lactase/phlorizin hydrolase was shown to have the same quaternary
      structure as the human enzyme, i.e., built up of two polypeptides of the same
      molecular weight (160000). In addition to hydrolyzing lactose, phlorizin and a
      number of synthetic substrates, both the human and the pig enzyme were shown to
      have a considerable activity against cellotriose and cellotetraose, and a low but
      significant activity against cellulose. The lactase/phlorizin hydrolase isolated
      from pigs in which the pancreatic ducts had been disconnected 3 days before death
      and from Ca2+-precipitated enterocyte membranes (basolateral and intracellular
      membranes) exhibited in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the same size of
      constituent polypeptides and the same catalytic and immunological properties as a
      normal brush border lactase/phlorizin hydrolase.

PMID- 6814490
TI  - Identification of hemoglobin G-Philadelphia (alpha 68 Asn replaced by Lys) and
      hemoglobin Matsue-Oki (alpha 75 Asp replaced by Asn) in a black infant.
AB  - Two alpha-chain variants, Hb G-Philadelphia and Hb Matsue-Oki, were present in
      members of a relatively large black family from South Carolina. The four Hb G
      Philadelphia heterozygotes averaged 35.6% Hb G, suggesting the presence of an
      alpha-thalassemia-2 condition in cis to the Hb G mutation, which was confirmed by
      DNA structural analysis. The seven Hb Matsue-Oki heterozygotes averaged 22.2% Hb
      MO and likely have four active alpha-chain genes. One infant was a compound
      heterozygote for the two Hb variants which could not be separated from each
      other. The quantity of Hb G plus Hb MO was 58% by DEAE-cellulose chromatography
      and 69% by chain analyses. These results and the family data indicate that this
      child had three active alpha-chain genes, of which one regulated the synthesis of
      the normal alpha chain, one was mutated to give the alpha G chain, and one to
      give the alpha MO chain. The amino acid substitutions in Hb G-Philadelphia and Hb
      Matsue-Oki are located in the tryptic peptide alpha T-9, which is 29 amino acid
      residues long. Structural analyses of these abnormalities made use of high
      pressure liquid chromatography for the separation of both tryptic and thermolytic
      peptides and of a highly sensitive ultra-micro sequencing procedure. Although the
      alpha 68 Asn replaced by Lys substitution is readily demonstrable in Hb G
      Philadelphia the elucidation of the alpha 75 Asp replaced by Asn replacement in
      Hb Matsue-Oki was greatly facilitated by the use of these microprocedures.

PMID- 6814491
TI  - Hemoglobin F Lodz (G gamma I 44 Ser replaced by Arg). A newly identified variant
      from an American infant of Polish descent.
AB  - An electrophoretically slowly migrating hemoglobin variant was identified in a
      neonate of Polish parents from a cord blood hemoglobin survey. Structural
      analysis of the gamma chain of the mutant hemoglobin, with fractionation of the
      tryptic peptides by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrated
      a substitution of serine-44 by arginine. Glycine was identified at position 136
      of the gamma chain and isoleucine at position 75. Serine residue 44 appears not
      to be a heme contact site, but as a result of the substitution in this mutant
      hemoglobin, the possibility exists for formation of a salt bridge between the
      arginine and a heme propionate group. The infant's hematologic findings suggested
      the possibility of mild hemolysis, but these changes may have been due to
      isoimmune disease.

PMID- 6814493
TI  - Characterization of monohydroxylated lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic and
      linoleic acid in rabbit peritoneal tissue.
AB  - Rabbit peritoneal tissue contains a lipoxygenase which converts arachidonic acid
      preferentially into 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid. Stereochemical
      analysis of the menthyloxycarbonyl derivative of this metabolite by means of a
      high-pressure liquid chromatography method, involving the use of a Ag+ -loaded
      cation-exchange column, indicated that it has mainly the 15-Ls-hydroxy
      configuration. The biosynthesis of 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
      could be confirmed during examination of the monohydroxy acids obtained without
      addition of fatty acids, thus formed from endogenously released substrate.
      However, the 9-and 13-hydroxy derivatives of linoleic acid were also formed and
      in quantities exceeding those of 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid.

PMID- 6814492
TI  - Acrolein: a potent modulator of lung macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - Resting rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages exposed to acrolein were stimulated to
      synthesize and release thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 in a dose-dependent
      manner. Zymosan-activated pulmonary alveolar macrophages released approximately
      twice as much prostaglandin E2 as thromboxane B2, whereas acrolein-activated
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages released 4-5 times less prostaglandin E2 than
      thromboxane B2. In the zymosan-stimulated pulmonary alveolar macrophages,
      acrolein also induced a reversal in the relative amounts of prostaglandin E2 and
      thromboxane B2 synthesized and released into the culture medium. This reversal
      was achieved by a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin E2 synthesis.
      Although phagocytosis was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, the
      reduction in prostaglandin E2 appeared to be partially independent of particle
      ingestion since thromboxane B2 synthesis was not affected by low doses of
      acrolein. In fact, high doses induced a slight enhancement in thromboxane B2
      synthesis. These results suggest that acrolein selectively inhibited the enzyme,
      prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase, necessary for the conversion of the
      endoperoxide to prostaglandin E2. Sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide
      and 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) mimicked acrolein's effects, and reduced
      glutathione afforded protection against the effects of acrolein. These results
      indicated the possible involvement of acrolein's sulfhydryl reactivity in the
      inhibition of the isomerase enzyme. Propionaldehyde had no effect on macrophage
      arachidonic acid metabolism whereas crotonaldehyde mimicked the effects of
      acrolein. Pulmonary macrophages were unable to reverse the acrolein effects on
      arachidonate metabolite synthesis after 6 h in an acrolein-free environment.
      These data indicated the necessity of the unsaturated carbon bond for the
      acrolein effects on arachidonic acid metabolism and the relative irreversibility
      of acrolein's reaction with the macrophage.

PMID- 6814494
TI  - Selective inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase by esculetin.
AB  - The effects of coumarin and its derivatives on rat platelet lipoxygenase and
      cyclooxygenase activities were studied. Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) was
      found to inhibit the lipoxygenase more strongly than the cyclooxygenase; its
      concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) was 0.65 microM for platelet lipoxygenase
      and 0.45 mM for platelet cyclooxygenase. Esculin (the 6-glucoside of esculetin)
      and umbelliferone (7-hydroxy-coumarin) also selectively inhibited the
      lipoxygenase, though less strongly (IC50 = 290 and 500 microM, respectively). 4
      Hydroxycoumarin and coumarin had no inhibitory effect on either enzyme at
      concentrations up to 1 mM. The mechanism of the lipoxygenase inhibition by
      esculetin was non-competitive. Other antioxidants (hydroquinone, gallic acid and
      ascorbic acid) were less inhibitory to both enzymes and showed little
      selectivity.

PMID- 6814495
TI  - Abnormalities of lysosomes in human diploid fibroblasts from patients with
      Farber's disease.
AB  - An accumulation of ceramide associated with the deficiency of acid ceramidase has
      been demonstrated in cultured diploid skin fibroblasts from a patient with
      Farber's disease. We extend this observation to investigate the lysosomal
      localization of accumulated ceramide and the abnormalities of lysosomes caused by
      this ceramide accumulation in Farber's diseased fibroblasts. We have found that
      the lysosomal fraction isolated from Farber's diseased fibroblasts by a
      subcellular fractionation procedure is markedly low in density compared with that
      of normal fibroblasts and is separated from other subcellular organelles.
      Ultrastructural studies of the isolated lysosomal fraction from Farber's diseased
      fibroblasts showed a mixed population of intact and swollen vesicles with a
      lysosomal appearance. Examination under high magnification clearly demonstrated
      lysosomal inclusions which contain lamellar and curvilinear membranes and
      resembled those seen in the intact fibroblasts. Subcellular localization of
      Farber's fibroblasts showed that the accumulated [3H]ceramide from the culture
      medium was predominantly localized in the lysosomal fraction with a markedly low
      density and very little was found to be associated with other cellular membranes.
      Our finding that ceramide is accumulated in the lysosomal fraction of Farber's
      fibroblasts and that these cells also show membranous inclusions strongly
      suggests that the accumulation of ceramide is directly involved in the formation
      of lysosomal inclusions.

PMID- 6814497
TI  - Allantoinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Purification, properties and
      immunochemical characterization of its in vivo inactivation.
AB  - The catabolic enzyme allantoinase is rapidly inactivated in cells of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa when the stationary phase of growth is reached. This process is
      irreversible since the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol completely
      blocked the reappearance of allantoinase activity that is observed when allantoin
      is added to stationary cells. Purified alloantoinase appeared to be a protein
      composed of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 38,000. With
      antibodies raised against purified allantoinase it was found that allantoinase
      inactivation is accompanied by a parallel decrease in immunologically reactive
      material. This suggests that allantoinase inactivation is caused or followed by
      rapid proteolysis.

PMID- 6814496
TI  - Regulation of arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation by the lipoxygenase
      product, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
AB  - The lipoxygenase product, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) was
      biosynthesized, purified and incubated with washed human platelet. It inhibited
      arachidonic acid, azo-prostaglandin H2 or U-46619-induced aggregation and
      secretion in a concentration-dependent fashion (IC50 = 2-3 microM). Collagen
      induced aggregation and secretion were also inhibited (IC50 = 6 microM). 12-HPETE
      inhibited malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2 formation in platelets stimulated
      with arachidonic acid or thrombin. While thrombin-induced aggregation was
      unaffected by 50 microM 12-HPETE, thrombin-induced secretion was inhibited.
      Inhibiton of secretion by 12-HPETE was observed in platelets from untreated as
      well as aspirin-treated donors, indicating that 12-HPETE inhibits secretion
      independently of its ability to inhibit prostaglandin formation. Aggregation of
      washed human platelets by arachidonic acid yielded a bell-shaped concentration
      response curve. Diminished aggregation at higher concentrations was associated
      with an increase in the ratio of lipoxygenase products to thromboxane B2. The
      data suggest that 12-HPETE formation may regulate platelet aggregation and
      secretion and that its primary effect, at low concentrations, is inhibition of
      endoperoxide-induced responses. At higher concentrations 12-HPETE also inhibits
      arachidonic acid metabolism. Thus, the combined inhibitory effects on
      endoperoxide-induced aggregation and thromboxane formation would explain the
      diminished aggregation observed in response to high concentrations of arachidonic
      acid.

PMID- 6814498
TI  - Metabolism of arachidonic acid by isolated rat hepatocytes, renal cells and by
      some rabbit tissues. Detection of vicinal diols by mass fragmentography.
AB  - Purified cytochromes P-450 (LM2 and PB-B2) in a reconstituted system and epoxide
      hydrolase were recently found to metabolize arachidonic (eicosatetraenoic) acid
      to four vicinal dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. These metabolites were chemically
      synthetized from octadeuterated arachidonic acid and employed as internal
      standards for mass fragmentography. Isolated rat hepatocytes and renal cells were
      incubated with arachidonic acid (0.1 mM; 37 degrees C, 15 min) and, following
      extractive isolation and reversed-phase HPLC, formation of 11,12-dihydroxy-5,8,14
      eicosatrienoic acid and 14,15-dihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid was
      demonstrated by mass fragmentography using a capillary GC column. Furthermore,
      these diols were also detected in rabbit liver and renal cortex and they
      therefore appear to be formed endogenously. Formation of vicinal diols was also
      studied in cell free systems. Rabbit liver and renal cortical microsomes were
      incubated with NADPH (1 mM) and arachidonic acid (0.15 mM) for 15 min at 37
      degree C and, besides 11,12-dihydroxy- and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid,
      small amounts of 8,9-dihydroxy- and 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid could be
      detected by mass fragmentography. Renal as wall as hepatic monooxygenases can
      thus epoxidize each of the four double bonds of arachidonic acid. In contrast,
      rabbit lung microsomes and NADPH metabolized arachidonic acid mainly to
      prostaglandins and 19-hydroxy- and 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid, while only small
      amounts of 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid could be found. Monooxygenase
      metabolism of arachidonic acid by epoxidation might therefore be a significant
      pathway for the metabolism of this essential fatty acid in isolated rat renal
      cells and hepatocytes but presumably not in the lung.

PMID- 6814499
TI  - Inducible responses to DNA damage. Toulouse, May 1982.

PMID- 6814500
TI  - From Gainesville to Toulouse: the evolution of a model.

PMID- 6814501
TI  - Conservation and diversification of genes by mismatch correction and SOS
      induction.
AB  - Regulation of genetic stability is discussed in terms of interactions between
      constitutive and inducible DNA repair processes with specific emphasis on the
      results of our experimental studies of mismatch correction and SOS induction in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6814503
TI  - Mutation rate: some biological and biochemical considerations.
AB  - This article discusses ideas about the ways in which the high fidelity of DNA
      replication is achieved: base selection, exonucleolytic editing, and
      postreplicative proofreading. I also review possible mechanisms for the enhanced
      mutation rate associated with SOS induction. The concept of environmental control
      of mutation rate and other modes of genetic variation is also considered from the
      point of view that SOS induction is an example of "genetic revolution".

PMID- 6814504
TI  - AP sites and AP endonucleases.
AB  - The sensitivity of internal and terminal apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites to
      alkaline hydrolysis and beta-elimination is described. The symmetric and
      asymmetric modes of endonucleolytic hydrolysis by specific AP endonucleases are
      compared and the discrimination between their non-enzymatic and catalytic
      mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 6814502
TI  - Regulation and autoregulation by lexA protein.
AB  - The lexA protein represses many genes in E. coli. When the cell's DNA is damaged,
      lexA protein is inactivated and these genes are induced. Three aspects of lexA
      protein's repressor function are reviewed: how it regulates genes of the SOS
      response, how it regulates its own synthesis, and how it recognizes its operator
      sites. Recent studies of lexA protein's repressor function have suggested that
      the concentration of intact lexA protein after induction may determine the
      detailed control of the SOS response.

PMID- 6814505
TI  - Inducible DNA repair enzymes involved in the adaptive response to alkylating
      agents.
AB  - Two different DNA repair enzymes are induced in E. coli by methylating agents: a
      methyltransferase acting on 0(6)-methylguanine residues, and a DNA glycosylate
      for N-methylated purines. The properties of the homogeneous methyltransferase are
      described.

PMID- 6814506
TI  - Control of the SOS regulatory system by the level of RecA protease.
AB  - The SOS regulatory system of E. coli controls the cellular response to DNA damage
      and other treatments which interfere with normal DNA replication. This system can
      exist in two states--a repressed state, in which a set of genes (SOS genes) is
      repressed by the LexA repressor; and an induced state, in which the RecA protein
      is activated as a specific protease which cleaves LexA repressor, leading to
      derepression of the SOS genes. This article reviews evidence that the state of
      the SOS regulatory system is controlled by the level of RecA protease activity.
      This level is controlled in turn by a reversible activation by one or more
      cofactors. In vitro studies indicate that ATP or dATP and single-stranded
      polynucleotide are both required to activate the protease; the identity of the in
      vivo cofactors ("inducing signals") is not yet certain. New experiments are also
      described which characterize the in vivo cleavage of LexA repressor. These data
      support the model that the level of RecA protease controls the state of the
      regulatory system.

PMID- 6814507
TI  - DNA repair in mammalian cells exposed to multiple doses of alkylating agents.

PMID- 6814508
TI  - Fidelity in transcription assessed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
AB  - The use of in vitro transcription of polynucleotides by prokaryotic and
      eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases has proven of great usefulness in
      detecting mutagenic base modifications. Quite similar results are obtained with
      ribo- and deoxyribopolymers as templates, and with Mg2+ and Mn2+ at optimal
      concentrations. Recent studies have centered on polymers containing etheno C, as
      well as its hydrated form. These modifications are of particular interest, since
      they are the consequence of metabolised vinyl chloride, a proven human
      carcinogen.

PMID- 6814509
TI  - Repair of AP sites in DNA.
AB  - Escherichia coli endonuclease VI is a deoxyribonuclease specific for AP (apurinic
      or apyrimidinic) sites; it cleaves the phosphodiester bond immediately
      neighbouring the AP site on its 5' side leaving 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate
      ends. DNA with AP sites can be repaired in vitro with endonuclease VI, DNA
      polymerase I and ligase; the repair mechanism is described. E. coli has other AP
      endonucleases; some of them are not specific for AP sites and some of them cut 3'
      to the AP sites. Most of the rat liver AP endonuclease activity is in chromatin.
      Some is however found in other cell compartments and it has been speculated that
      these enzymes might be precursors of the chromatin enzyme. The chromatin AP
      endonuclease is specific for AP sites; it cuts 5' to the AP site. DNA with AP
      sites can be repaired in vitro with enzymes purified from chromatin; AP
      endonuclease, 5'-3 exonuclease, DNA polymerase beta and ligase.

PMID- 6814510
TI  - DNA replication and indirect induction of the SOS response in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The SOS response can be induced indirectly in Escherichia coli by infection with
      UV irradiated bacteriophage P1, lambda or M13. Induction, monitored
      quantitatively by means of a sfiA::lac operon fusion, was stronger with the
      plasmid phage P1 than with lambda, but the kinetics were similar, showing that
      plasmid and non-plasmid phages are not fundamentally different in their ability
      to produce indirect induction. In the absence of lambda DNA replication the level
      of induction was strongly reduced, indicating that the attempt to replicate
      damaged DNA results in induction of the SOS response. The slight residual
      induction observed in the absence of DNA replication suggests the existence of a
      second pathway leading from DNA lesions to induction of the SOS response.

PMID- 6814511
TI  - Influence of RecA protein on induced mutagenesis.

PMID- 6814512
TI  - Mutagenesis by alkylating agents: coding properties for DNA polymerase of poly
      (dC) template containing 3-methylcytosine.
AB  - After treatment of poly(dC) by the simple alkylating agent (3H)dimethylsulfate,
      90 per cent of the radioactivity cochromatographied with 3-methylcytosine and 10
      per cent with 5-methylcytosine which is the normally occurring methylated base.
      In order to study the influence of 3-methylcytosine on DNA replication, untreated
      and DMS-treated poly(dC) were used as templates for E. coli DNA polymerase I. The
      alkylation of poly(dC) inhibits DNA chain elongation, and does not induce any
      mispairing under high fidelity conditions. The alteration of DNA polymerase I
      fidelity by manganese ions allows some replication of 3-methylcytosine which
      mispairs with either dAMP or dTMP. Our results suggest that 3-methylcytosine
      could be responsible, at least partially, for the killing and the mutagenesis
      observed after cell treatment by alkylating agents.

PMID- 6814513
TI  - Constitutive error-prone repair at sites of excision repair in Escherichia coli:
      a re-examination.
AB  - No evidence was found for production during incubation in chloramphenicol of a
      signal capable of inducing a rec-lex function (lysogenic induction) when protein
      synthesis was restored. The majority of UV-induced mutations to streptomycin
      resistance require lesions in the DNA and cannot be attributed to untargeted
      mutator activity. Therefore the loss of photoreversibility of these mutations
      occurring in the absence of protein synthesis and DNA replication cannot be
      attributed to the production of a signal for the induction of subsequent rec-lex
      dependent mutator activity. The simplest interpretation is that they arise as
      errors at excision sites by the operation of a constitutive pathway.

PMID- 6814515
TI  - A search for adaptive or inducible responses to DNA damage in V79 Chinese hamster
      cells.

PMID- 6814514
TI  - Photoreversal of DNA unwinding caused by pyrimidine dimers.

PMID- 6814516
TI  - Mechanisms for the recognition of chemically-modified DNA by peptides and
      proteins.

PMID- 6814517
TI  - Radiation and mutagen inducible mammalian genes.

PMID- 6814519
TI  - The application of the microbial "tooth-pick" technique to somatic cell genetics,
      and its use in the isolation of X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.

PMID- 6814518
TI  - How Escherichia coli sets different basal levels in SOS operons.
AB  - The recA and sfiA genes of Escherichia coli are SOS operons regulated negatively
      by the LexA repressor. The steady state level of expression of recA is 10-fold
      higher than that of sfiA, as measured by means of recA::lac and sfiA::lac operon
      fusions. To study the molecular basis of this difference, we have compared the
      expression of these two operons in strains in which the concentration of LexA
      repressor was normal (lexA+), zero (spr amber mutation) or higher than normal
      (plasmid pJL45, carrying the lexA gene linked to the lac promoter). The results
      indicate (i) that the recA promoter is about 4 times stronger than the sfiA
      promoter (as measured in the spr strains), (ii) that neither operon has a
      physiologically significant level of lexA-independent expression (pJL45 strains),
      and (iii) that the recA operator has about 2.5 times lower affinity than the sfiA
      operator for LexA repressor (comparison of lex+ and spr strains). Considering our
      previous results that the sfiA operon (high operator affinity of LexA) is
      derepressed very rapidly after inducing treatments and that the recA operon (low
      operator affinity) is repressed very rapidly when induction is stopped, we
      conclude that differences in operator affinity do not affect inducibility but
      serve only to set the basal levels of the different SOS functions.

PMID- 6814520
TI  - An adaptive response to the cytotoxic effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea is
      apparently absent in normal human fibroblasts.

PMID- 6814521
TI  - Comparison at the molecular level of uracil-DNA glycosylases from different
      origins.
AB  - A nuclear and a cytoplasmic uracil-DNA glycosylase have been purified from
      epithelial cells derived from a rat hepatoma (H4 cells) cultured in vitro. They
      have different optimum pH, molecular weight, isoelectric points, activation
      energy, Km. Uracil acts as a non competitive inhibitor towards the nuclear enzyme
      while it is a competitive one for the cytoplasmic enzyme. Comparison of the
      properties of the two mammalian enzymes with those of the enzymes isolated from
      Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus shows that they all behave differently.
      The following criteria were studied: molecular weight, optimum pH, isoelectric
      point, inhibition by uracil analogs, modulation of their activity by polyamines
      or by intercalating drugs. The only common properties shared by these four
      enzymes are: an activity twice as high on single stranded DNA than on double
      stranded DNA and no requirement for divalent cation for maximal activity.

PMID- 6814522
TI  - DNA ligase activity in carcinogen-treated human fibroblasts.
AB  - In an enzymological approach to study DNA repair mechanisms induced by carcinogen
      treatment of mammalian cells, we have investigated how DNA ligase activity is
      affected by the treatment with several compounds producing different DNA lesions.
      Stationary cultures of human fibroblasts were exposed to various doses of
      carcinogens (UV-light at 254 nm, N-acetoxy-acetyl-aminofluorene, ethyl-methane
      sulfonate, N-methylnitro-nitrosoguanidine, mitomycin C and 4-nitroquinoline-N
      oxide) at different time-intervals before preparing crude cellular extracts and
      assaying for ligase activity. Results have shown that: 1. UV-irradiation, AAAF,
      4NQO or MMC treatment of cells induces a two-fold increase in the ligase activity
      compared to control cells within 48 hours following the treatment. 2. A partial
      purification of the enzyme from these cellular crude extracts by sedimentation
      through sucrose gradients has shown: a. DNA ligase activity from control cells
      presents a profile composed of two distinct peaks sedimenting respectively at
      about 4S and 7S; b. the carcinogen treatment of either repair-proficient human
      fibroblasts or repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells (complementation
      group A) seems to induce a specific increase of the 4S-form of DNA ligase.

PMID- 6814523
TI  - Repair of gamma-ray induced single-strand breaks in human lymphocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are one of the most radiosensitive mammalian
      cells. We tested whether this radiosensitivity was associated with the
      persistance of unrepaired DNA damage in gamma-irradiated lymphocytes. Repair was
      determined by measuring the loss and recovery of DNA supercoiling when nucleoids
      are centrifuged in the presence of increasing amounts of ethidium bromide.
      Results show a limited repair capacity in resting human lymphocytes after gamma
      irradiation.

PMID- 6814524
TI  - Protease inhibitors suppress the survival increase mediated by uncouplers in X
      irradiated mammalian cells.
AB  - When mammalian cells are incubated with an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
      prior to and during X-irradiation, the survival and the mutation frequency are
      markedly increased. This process requires protein synthesis and is inhibited when
      the cells are plated in the presence of a protease inhibitor (antipain or
      leupeptin). These results suggest the existence of an error-prone DNA repair
      process in X-irradiated mammalian cells.

PMID- 6814525
TI  - An intracellular factor which affects erythroid differentiation in mouse Friend
      cells.
AB  - When permeabilized Friend cells, which had been briefly treated by DMSO, were
      exposed to cell-free extracts from UV irradiated cells, a small but significant
      number of the cells became reactive to benzidine, a characteristic of erythroid
      differentiation. The activity in the extracts was apparently induced following UV
      irradiation, reaching a maximum 25 to 30 h after irradiation. Although a similar
      activity was detected in the extract from mitomycin C treated cells, little
      activity was detected in the extract from cells treated with DMSO, a potent
      erythroid inducing agent. The induction of the active factor by UV irradiation
      was not specific of Friend cells since similar inducing activities were detected
      in the extract from non-erythroid murine cells irradiated by UV. The active
      factor in the extract seems to be a protein, judged from its heat sensitivity and
      high molecular weight. Significance of this finding in relation to cellular
      differentiation and DNA damage is discussed.

PMID- 6814526
TI  - Species differences in the inducibility of hepatic O6-alkylguanine repair in
      rodents.

PMID- 6814527
TI  - Measurement of recA protein induction in Salmonella typhimurium: a possible
      biochemical test for the detection of DNA damaging agents.
AB  - RecA protein was purified from S. typhimurium and its concentration was measured
      in crude extracts by an immunoradiometric assay. The dose-response relations and
      the kinetics of recA protein induction following treatment of the cells with
      ultra-violet light, nalidixic acid, mitomycin C, and cisplatin were studied in E.
      coli and S. typhimurium. The recA protein amplification was complete in a few
      hours and was stable for at least 3 hours. Dose-response curves showed a linear
      region for low doses of all the inducer agents tested. This direct relation
      between the recA protein level and the amount of inducer agent allows the
      quantification of the recA protein inducing potency of chemicals. The recA
      protein amplification was very sensitive to low doses of inducer agents: an UV
      dose of 0.25 J/M2, 500 ng of NAL or 50 ng of MMC induced a two-fold increase in
      cellular recA protein content. In addition, the measurement of RecA protein
      induction did not require the survival of the cells. These observations led us to
      suggest a new biochemical assay for detecting DNA damaging substances by the
      direct measurement of the recA protein level following treatment of the cells.

PMID- 6814528
TI  - DNA synthesis on UV irradiated model templates using human DNA polymerases alpha
      and beta: primer slippage to account for evident transdimer continuity in
      product.
AB  - We have studied the comparative behavior of human DNA polymerases alpha and beta
      on a polynucleotide template of dT100 with dA15 covalently attached at the 3' end
      to serve as primer when defined numbers of pyrimidine dimers are introduced by UV
      (254 nm) irradiation. We have obtained the surprising result that with both alpha
      and beta polymerases the incorporation of labelled dATP is enhanced when the
      template has been irradiated (maximum value at 1000 J/m2 UV incident dose). In
      the presence of Mn2+, DNA polymerase beta produces a product size corresponding
      to full copying of the template whether irradiated or not. In marked contrast DNA
      polymerase alpha produces only short products on unirradiated strands but full
      copying of irradiated templates. Evidently both polymerases utilize a much larger
      fraction of the template pool following UV irradiation.

PMID- 6814530
TI  - Repair of O6-alkylguanine lesions in DNA by chromatin enzymes.
AB  - Disappearance of 7-ethylguanine and O6-ethylguanine lesions from nuclear DNA is
      observed on incubation of isolated rat liver nuclei previously treated with
      ethylnitrosourea. Free 7-ethylguanine but no free O6-ethylguanine is released in
      the medium. Incubation of methylated or ethylated DNA with chromatin proteins
      leads to the disappearance of O6-methylguanine or O6-ethylguanine from DNA; the
      methyl group or the ethyl group is transferred to proteins where it is accepted
      by cystein residues. Repair of O6-methylguanine and repair of O6-ethylguanine
      lesions in DNA consume a common reactant which is likely the acceptor protein.
      The repair does not seem however to be a simple bimolecular reaction between the
      O6-alkylguanine and the cystein of the acceptor protein.

PMID- 6814529
TI  - The SOS chromotest: direct assay of the expression of gene sfiA as a measure of
      genotoxicity of chemicals.
AB  - We used a gene fusion, placing the lacZ gene encoding beta-galactosidase under
      the control of the sfiA promoter, to construct a new tester strain for genotoxic
      agents. The assay is performed in a few hours and involves simple enzymatic
      assays. The dose response curves contain a linear portion which enables to define
      the SOS Inducing Potency (SOSIP) of compounds. For the compounds tested SOSIPs
      extend over 7 decades and correlate generally well with the mutagenic potency
      assayed in the Salmonella/microsome assay (Mutatest) and in a phage induction
      assay (Inductest). Sensitivities (lowest amount detected) are comparable in the
      SOS Chromotest and Mutatest but lower in the Inductest. Our results suggest that
      at least part of the response in the Mutatest depends on the induction of an SOS
      function, and that most of the genotoxins are inducer of the SOS system -i.e. can
      lead to activation of the RecA protease.

PMID- 6814531
TI  - A brief consideration of the SOS inducing signal.
AB  - SOS functions are induced in E. coli by treatments that damage cellular DNA or
      interrupt its synthesis. The biochemical basis of induction is activation of the
      specific proteolytic activity of recA protein, which then inactivates the lexA
      repressor. We discuss the development of the inducing signal in the cell.

PMID- 6814532
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis is not sufficient to cause mutagenesis in Chinese
      hamster cells.
AB  - Experiments were designed to test whether the inhibition of DNA synthesis in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells would result in increased mutagenesis by a mechanism
      similar to "SOS repair" in E. coli. Treatment of cells for 16 hours with excess
      of the deoxynucleosides TdR, UdR, AdR and GdR was mutagenic, whereas treatment
      with hydroxyurea demonstrated no mutagenic effect. The mutagenicity of TdR could
      be reversed by the addition of CdR. In E. coli, inhibition of DNA synthesis by a
      short exposure to hydroxyurea resulted in the induction of lambda prophage and
      increased mutagenesis. These results show that whereas the presence of a stalled
      replication fork in E. coli can result in mutagenesis via induction of the "SOS
      system", the same phenomenon does not seem to occur in Chinese hamster V79 cells.
      The mutagenic mechanism of high concentrations of deoxynucleosides in Chinese
      hamster V79 cells is likely to be due to replication errors which result from
      alterations in deoxynucleotide pools.

PMID- 6814533
TI  - Effect of a UV predose on DNA replication in UV irradiated Chinese hamster V79
      cells.

PMID- 6814534
TI  - Are pyrimidine dimers tolerated during DNA replication of UV-irradiated
      parvovirus minute-virus-of-mice in mouse fibroblasts?
AB  - The replication of the single-stranded DNA of parvovirus Minute-Virus-of-MIce
      (MVM) was depressed when virus was exposed to UV-light prior to infection of
      mouse fibroblasts. Most of the viral DNA containing pyrimidine dimers was
      permanently blocked in its conversion to double-stranded replicative forms (RF).
      Yet dimers might be tolerated to a low extent, considering that a minor fraction
      of parental RF molecules was sensitive to the action of the UV-specific
      endonuclease V of bacteriophage T4, UV-irradiation of the cells prior to
      infection with UV-damaged MVM increased the levels of both parental RF and total
      viral DNA synthesized. The sensitivity of parental RF molecules to the UV
      specific endonuclease was little enhanced by preirradiation of the cells and did
      not appear to be sufficient to account for the stimulation of RF formation in
      those cultures. Since parvoviral single-stranded DNA is not a substrate for
      nucleotidyl excision repair, one interpretation of these results would be that
      the process(es) activated in preirradiated cells overcome(s) barriers to viral
      DNA replication other than elongation blocks at pyrimidine dimers. Alternatively,
      pyrimidine dimers tolerated in pretreated cultures might become protected from
      attack by the UV-endonuclease.

PMID- 6814535
TI  - Perspectives on DNA repair and inducible recovery phenomena.

PMID- 6814537
TI  - [Comparative study of the reaction kinetics of cytochrome P-450 reduction by
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and dithionite].
AB  - The reactions of NADPH- or dithionite-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450
      were studied using a stopped flow technique. It was found that the kinetic curves
      for both reactions may be fitted by a sum of the two exponents. The arrhenius
      plots for the fast phase rate constants are linear for both reactions. On the
      contrary, the breaks on the corresponding plots for the slow phase rate constants
      are observed at 22 and 33 degrees C for cytochrome P-450 reduction by dithionite
      and at 31 degrees C for NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450. The
      coincidence of the values of the rate constants and activation energy (56 +/- 5
      kJ/mol) for the fast phase of NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450 with
      values of catalytic constants and activation energy for demethylation of tertiary
      amines suggests that the first electron transfer process from NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductase to cytochrome P-450 may be the rate-limiting step. A diverse
      character of the kinetic parameters for the two cytochrome P-450 reduction
      reactions is indicative of different nature of biphasity of these processes.

PMID- 6814536
TI  - [Immunochemistry of catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450-LM2 from rat liver
      microsomes].
AB  - A systematic study of inhibition by antibodies of dimethylaniline (DMA) and
      aniline oxidation has been carried out under different conditions: e. g. with
      participation of intact, phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholantrene-induced
      microsomes, NADPH and O2; during hydroperoxide-dependent oxidation with three
      types of microsomes; in a reconstituted system containing cytochrome P-450 LM2,
      NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADPH and O2; in systems containing cytochrome
      P-450 LM2 and cumene hydroperoxide. In all cases the antibodies effectively
      inhibited oxidation of both substrates. The degree of inhibition increased in the
      following order: intact less than 3-methylcholantrene- less than phenobarbital
      induced microsomes. In the case of hydroperoxide-dependent oxidation of aniline
      and DMA no complete inhibition was achieved.

PMID- 6814538
TI  - [Characteristic properties of the complex of glycogen synthase with glycogen].
AB  - The glycogen synthase I--glycogen complex isolated from rabbit skeletal muscles
      is stable during precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and Sepharose 2B
      chromatography. The complex catalyzes the synthesis (lengthening) of the alpha
      1.4-glucosyl chains when endogenous or exogenous enzyme-free glycogen is used,
      the initial rates of this synthesis being identical. Preincubation with glycogen
      does not cause activation of the complex or formation of additional glycogen
      synthase I--polysaccharide bonds. The complex is characterized by saturation with
      respect to glycogen; the molar concentration ratios of the non-reducible chain
      and protein monomer within the complex does not exceed 100. An increase in the
      length of the synthesized alpha-1.4-glycosyl chains of glycogen results in a
      decrease of the rate of the glycogen synthase reaction in time.

PMID- 6814539
TI  - Quantitative bacteriological analysis of amniotic fluid.
AB  - Quantitative bacteriological analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) was performed on 60
      fluid samples collected by catheter from 50 selected labor patients regarded as
      liable to infection. AF cultures were positive in 52 cases. The bacterial colony
      counts ranged from less than 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter to
      10(9) CFU/ml. Pathogenic bacteria in neonates such as group B Streptococcus,
      Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes were encountered with numerations
      equal to or greater than 10(7) CFU/ml in groups with clinical findings. An
      excellent correlation was noted between bacterial counts in AF and clinical data
      (p less than 0.00006). The results confirm that the quantitative bacteria
      analysis of the AF is a useful tool for evaluation of an infection risk for
      neonates.

PMID- 6814540
TI  - Age-dependency of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      activities in rat spleen and thymus.
AB  - Activities of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were
      determined in thymocytes and splenocytes of rats of 0-423 days old. Activity of
      adenosine deaminase per cell is highest in newborn rats and decreases with
      postnatal development, while in splenocytes adenosine deaminase activity
      increases. No significant age-dependency is found with purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase in thymocytes and splenocytes. During whole life adenosine
      deaminase activity is higher in thymocytes and purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      activity is higher in splenocytes. With thymocytes, adenosine deaminase activity
      was higher with deoxyadenosine than with adenosine. The Km values of both
      nucleosides were comparable in 3- and 40-day-old rats.

PMID- 6814541
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogenic responses of lymphocytes in manic
      depressive disorders.

PMID- 6814542
TI  - Effect of immunoneutralization of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the
      estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone surges in
      the ewe.

PMID- 6814543
TI  - Response of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone in the fetal pig.
AB  - The responses of anesthetised fetal pigs (n=95) and chronically catheterized
      fetal pigs (n=10) to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) administration
      (2 micrograms/kg estimated fetal body weight) was investigated. Fetuses were
      studied at 55, 70, 85, 100, 106 (chronic) and 113 days. Plasma concentrations of
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were taken from the umbilical artery
      (anesthetised fetuses) or carotid artery (catheterized fetuses) every 10 min for
      1 h except in the youngest age group. No significant sex difference in the LH
      response to LHRH treatment was observed. The LH response increased with
      gestational age; average pretreatment plasma concentrations were below 1.1 ng/ml.
      No response was observed at 55 days, and the highest response was seen at 113
      days when plasma LH concentrations rose to 4.3 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) ng/ml 40
      min after treatment. Pretreatment plasma FSH concentrations at 55 days were 1.6
      +/- 0.1 ng/ml and gradually rose in males to 3.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at 113 days, which
      was significantly lower than in females where concentrations averaged 8.1 +/- 2.0
      ng/ml. LHRH did not significantly affect FSH concentrations in males, while in
      females a gradually increasing response was observed; at 113 days plasma FSH was
      12.5 +/- 2.9 ng/ml 40 min after treatment. The increase in response to LHRH with
      age of plasma LH concentrations in both sexes, and of plasma FSH concentrations
      in females indicates the maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary system.

PMID- 6814544
TI  - Intrauterine migration of the porcine embryo: influence of estradiol-17 beta and
      histamine.
AB  - The role of estradiol-17 beta (E2) in migration of the porcine embryo was
      examined (Experiment 1) by observing the distribution of Silastic (polydimethyl
      siloxane, Medical Adhesive Silicone Type A, Dow Corning) beads impregnated with
      cholesterol or E2 (n=5 gilts per treatment) after 5 days in utero (Day 12 of the
      estrous cycle, Day 0=1st day of estrus). Beads impregnated with E2 migrated
      farther (P less than 0.05) than those impregnated with cholesterol. Twenty
      additional gilts and sows were used to determine if histamine was involved with
      intrauterine migration (Experiment 2). On Day 6 of gestation the tip of each
      uterine horn was exposed and the subserosa of each of 5 gilts was injected with
      either vehicle, 8 mg of cromolyn sodium (an inhibitor of histamine release) or 8
      mg of cromolyn sodium plus 1 mg of histamine. Four days later (Day 10), the
      excised uterus was examined for migration of embryos. An additional group of 5
      gilts received 8 mg of cromolyn sodium on Days 6 and 10 and were examined on Day
      12. Results from the second experiment demonstrated that cromolyn sodium
      treatment alone restricted (P less than 0.05) Day 10 embryos to the tip of the
      uterine horn but by Day 12 embryos had overcome this restriction. Injection of
      histamine overcame the inhibitory effects of cromolyn sodium and restored
      migration of Day 10 embryos. These experiments suggest that both E2 and histamine
      are involved in intrauterine migration of the porcine embryo. The extent to which
      these hormones might be interrelated during migration is not fully understood at
      this time.

PMID- 6814545
TI  - Seminiferous tubule fluid and interstitial fluid production. I. Effects of age
      and hormonal regulation in immature rats.
AB  - Efferent duct ligation was used to assess seminiferous tubule fluid (TF)
      production and studies of the kinetics of TF production following this procedure
      were performed on 25-day-old rats. The rate of TF production was linear for 48 h,
      thereafter reached a plateau until 72 h and began decreasing at 96 h post
      ligation. Using a 16-h ligation period, the onset of TF production was
      investigated in groups of immature rats from 15 days of age. TF secretion was not
      detected prior to 15 days but rose rapidly after Day 20 coincident with the
      prepubertal rise in serum FSH. The acute effect of hormone on TF production
      following unilateral efferent duct ligation (EDL) was evaluated in 25-day-old
      rats in which interstitial fluid production (IF) was also assessed in the
      unligated testis by the method of Sharpe (1977). Single subcutaneous injections
      of the following hormones were given to groups of rats at the time of EDL: a) NIH
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) S13 (20 micrograms/rat); b) NIH luteinizing
      hormone (LH) S22 (200 micrograms/rat); c) testosterone propionate (2 mg/rat); d)
      human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (10 IU/rat); or e) NIH prolactin (Prl) 14 (200
      micrograms/rat). A significant rise in TF production occurred following FSH
      treatment but no effect was noted in any of the other groups. In contrast, a
      marked stimulation of IF production occurred in rats treated with LH or hCG.

PMID- 6814547
TI  - Postmortem findings in the Hurler-Scheie syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis I-H/S).

PMID- 6814546
TI  - Birefringence determination of magnetic moments of magnetotactic bacteria.
AB  - A birefringence technique is used to determine the average magnetic moments <mu>
      of magnetotactic bacteria in culture. Differences in <mu> are noted between live
      and dead bacteria, as well as between normal density and high density samples of
      live bacteria.

PMID- 6814548
TI  - Neurofibromatosis, skin hemangiomas, and arterial disease.

PMID- 6814550
TI  - Factor VIII-induced superaggregation of human platelets.
AB  - High concentrations of bovine factor VIII cause clumping of platelets into a few
      very large aggregates. This response is termed superaggregation. It is distinct
      from factor-VIII-induced agglutination but is also independent of both
      extracellular calcium ions and platelet energy metabolism. Neither agglutinating
      lectins nor aggregating agents, including thrombin, ADP, the ionophore A23187,
      and U46619, a prostaglandin analog, can induce superaggregation, even at very
      high concentrations. Washed platelets undergo superaggregation, and
      superaggregation does not increase the amounts of fibrinogen or albumin trapped
      by agglutinated platelets. It is not inhibited by membrane-stabilizing drugs or
      by colchicine or cytochalasin-B. Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde prevent
      superaggregation without affecting the binding of radiolabeled factor VIII to the
      platelets. Superaggregated platelets are separated by approximately 50 nm and are
      not shape-changed or degranulated. In adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced
      aggregation, the platelets are distorted and only 30 nm apart. Superaggregation
      is reversed by dextran sulfate, and the dispersed platelets are still able to
      respond to ADP. Our observations are consistent with the binding of high
      molecular weight multimers of bovine factor VIII to more than one receptor on
      each platelet, with superaggregation occurring through recruitment of additional
      receptors. This process may be interrupted by protein crosslinking reagents, such
      as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 6814549
TI  - Chronic hepatitis in patients with hemophilia A: histologic studies in patients
      with intermittently abnormal liver function tests.
AB  - Recent studies in multiply transfused patients with hemophilia A and persistent
      liver function abnormalities have shown a high incidence of chronic active
      hepatitis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the severity of
      liver disease in multiply transfused patients with intermittent liver enzyme
      abnormalities. Fifteen patients with elevated enzymes on two or three out of four
      determinations at 6-mo intervals were studied. None had signs or symptoms of
      chronic liver disease. Thirteen had serologic evidence of prior exposure to the
      hepatitis B virus. Liver biopsy performed on these patients after replacement
      therapy with factor VIII showed chronic persistent hepatitis or other mild forms
      of liver disease in 14 of the 15 patients. Patients with chronic persistent
      hepatitis had significantly higher mean liver enzymes at time of biopsy than
      patients with milder forms of hepatic inflammation, but there was no relationship
      between liver histology and hepatitis B serology or the amount of factor VIII
      used in the 6 mo preceding biopsy. These findings support the continued use of
      factor VIII concentrates in patients with hemophilia.

PMID- 6814551
TI  - Deficiency of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase in human leukemic cells in vivo.
AB  - Cells from 20 patients with leukemia and 9 with solid tumors were assayed for the
      enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, which function in both purine and
      polyamine metabolism in rapidly dividing cells. As determined by autoradiography
      of viable cells, and by direct enzymatic analysis, samples from one individual
      with pre-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one with common acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia were methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient. In
      contrast, other leukemias of similar antigenic phenotype, as well as normal
      peripheral blood lymphocytes, thymic lymphocytes, and normal bone marrow cells,
      had substantial methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity. This evidence
      suggests that the complete absence of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase
      distinguishes some leukemic cells in vivo from their nonmalignant counterparts.

PMID- 6814552
TI  - The role of the spleen in regulating the plasma levels of factor VIII--von
      Willebrand's factor after DDAVP.
AB  - Organ transplantation and perfusion studied indicate that the spleen plays an
      important role in the regulation of plasma levels of factor VIII-von Willebrand's
      factor (FVIII-vWF). To better understand the mechanisms that regulate the FVIII
      vWF increases after infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), we
      have measured factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) and antigen (FVIII:CAg)
      and von Willebrand's factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor (vWF:RCof)
      in 9 asplenic subjects with normal baseline concentrations, in 7 asplenic
      subjects with high concentrations, and in 14 normal controls with intact spleens.
      In "normal" aasplenics, all the FVIII-vWF-related measurements increased
      significantly over baseline values, indicating that responsiveness to DDAVP is
      not abolished by splenectomy. The maximal vWF:Ag and vWF:RCof responses were no
      different from those of normal controls, suggesting that DDAVP releases vWF from
      storage sites other than the spleen. The FVIII:C response was significantly lower
      than in normal controls, but FVIII:CAg did not differ, making FVIII:CAg higher
      than FVIII:CAg in "normal" asplenics. These findings suggest that the spleen,
      rather than being a storage site for FVIII, is the organ in which a partially
      inactive form of FVIII acquires full coagulant activity. In "high" asplenics, all
      the FVIII-vWF-related measurements increased less than in "normal" splenics,
      indicating that long-term elevations of plasma concentrations of FVIII-vWF are
      accompanied by decreased release from those storage pool(s) mobilized by DDAVP.

PMID- 6814553
TI  - Detection of hemophilia carriers during pregnancy.
AB  - The accuracy of hemophilia A carrier detection during pregnancy has been
      determined using combined measurement of VIII:CAg and VIIIR:Ag. These
      immunoassays detect determinants that are sufficiently stable in plasma that the
      assays could be done on frozen samples that had been obtained when women were
      seen for antenatal diagnosis studies (carrier women) or for routine prenatal care
      (controls). A linear discriminant was calculated that best separated the data for
      32 normal women and 25 obligate carriers of the hemophilia gene. Twenty-three of
      25 carriers (92%) and all 32 control women were correctly identified in this
      analysis. The overall classification accuracy (55/57, 96%) is comparable to that
      obtained by VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag measurements using freshly drawn blood samples in
      nonpregnant individuals. This study demonstrates that hemophilia A carriers can
      be detected during pregnancy with sufficient accuracy that the information may be
      used for genetic counseling.

PMID- 6814554
TI  - Variant von Willebrand's disease type B--revisited.
AB  - Results of investigations of the factor VIII (FVIII) of a patient with an unusual
      variant form of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) are presented. A two-peak crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) pattern was seen when fresh plasma was
      electrophoresed, but the CIE pattern became normal by incubating the plasma at 37
      degree C for more than 72 hr. The two peaks on CIE were separated by
      cryoprecipitation: the slow-moving peak precipitating and the fast-moving forms
      of FVIII remaining in the cryosupernate. An additional protein band was seen on
      multimeric analysis of FVIII. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from this patient
      did not respond to ristocetin, but agglutinated normally in response to
      botrocetin. Multimeric and CIE analysis of the FVIII post agglutination and 125I
      FVIII binding studies to normal formalin-fixed platelets indicated that this
      patient's FVIII interacted normally with botrocetin but failed to interact with
      ristocetin. These data strongly suggest that the sites on the FVIII molecule or
      the multimeric forms involved for ristocetin and botrocetin are different and
      that the ristocetin reaction is more closely aligned to the physiologic function
      of FVIII.

PMID- 6814557
TI  - Abortion: methods and sequelae.

PMID- 6814556
TI  - Von Willebrand's syndrome associated with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6814555
TI  - [Different proportions of factor VIII and factor VIII inhibitors in their antigen
      antibody complexes].
AB  - We examined the physico-chemical properties of factor VIII inhibitors in two
      patients. There is no stoichiometric mixture of factor VIII and factor VIII
      inhibitor since one polyvalent factor VIII particle can be bound by various
      numbers of factor VIII inhibitor particles. The balance between free factor VIII
      and inhibitor and their antigen-antibody complexes cannot be explained by the
      homogeneous natural law of mass action. A patient with classical hemophilia A
      exhibited an inhibitor which shows conformity with the Poisson distribution as
      far as the portion of free factor VIII activity is concerned. The spontaneously
      occurring inhibitor showed a different binding characteristic to factor VIII. We
      demonstrated here that the Freundlich's adsorption isotherme is effective for a
      spontaneous factor VIII inhibitor. During follow up qualitative and quantitative
      changes of both inhibitor types were observed. We assume that the change of
      property of inhibitor in hemophiliacs is due to a stronger binding to factor VIII
      and of the spontaneous inhibitor to a poorer fit of antigen and antibody.

PMID- 6814558
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of anaphylactic mediators in two models of bronchial
      anaphylaxis in anaesthetized guinea-pigs.
AB  - 1 The effects of pretreatment with various inhibitors of anaphylactic mediators
      on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction were studied in anaesthetized guinea-pigs,
      actively sensitized according to two different regimens (one producing IgE- and
      IgG-like antibodies and the other producing exclusively IgG antibodies).2 The
      phospholipase A(2)-inhibitors mepacrine and p-bromphenacylbromide caused a dose
      dependent inhibition of the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs
      sensitized to produce both IgE and IgG antibodies. No effect was seen in those
      sensitized to produce only IgG antibodies.3 In both models indomethacin
      pretreatment led to an increased anaphylactic bronchoreactivity, whereas
      mepyramine and FPL 55712 reduced it.4 BW 755C significantly reduced antigen
      induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs sensitized to produce both IgE and IgG
      antibodies. In this model, the residual bronchoconstriction evident after
      combined pretreatment with indomethacin and mepyramine was prevented by
      additional pretreatment with mepacrine, FPL 55712 or budesonide.5 Arachidonic
      acid given intravenously caused a marked bronchoconstriction that was prevented
      by indomethacin but not by budesonide, FPL 55712 or p-bromphenacylbromide.6
      Although the same pattern of anaphylactic mediators is released in the two models
      of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction, a different activation mechanism is
      indicated by the results obtained with phospholipase A(2) inhibitors.

PMID- 6814562
TI  - Tissue compensation--difference compensators.

PMID- 6814560
TI  - Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, mild form--MPS vi b.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome) form B is a rare disease
      occurring in siblings. It may present with radiological features like Perthes'
      disease or hypothyroidism. We report two such cases, and discuss the differential
      diagnosis of the spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasias. We stress the importance of
      final diagnosis by identifying a particular glycosaminoglycan excess in the urine
      and an enzyme deficiency in the fibroblasts aryl sulphatase B and N
      acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase.

PMID- 6814559
TI  - Anticonvulsant actions of the putative gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mimetic,
      ethylenediamine.
AB  - 1 Ethylenediamine, 31.6-1000 mg/kg intraperitoneally, inhibited the convulsive
      effects of pentylenetetrazol, 100 mg/kg (i.p.) in mice. 2 Ethylenediamine, 100
      1000 mg/kg (i.p.) increased the convulsion threshold to the intravenous infusion
      of three convulsants in the order pentylenetetrazol greater than bicuculline
      greater than strychnine. 3 The benzodiazepine antagonist R0 15-1788, 10 mg/kg
      (i.p.), significantly inhibited the anticonvulsant action of diazepam, 50
      micrograms/kg, but not ethylenediamine, 1000 mg/kg. 4 These results clearly
      indicate that ethylenediamine has anticonvulsant properties and are consistent
      with the hypothesis that ethylenediamine is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      mimetic.

PMID- 6814561
TI  - A comparison of indium-111-oxine and indium-111-acetylacetone labelled leucocytes
      in the diagnosis of inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6814563
TI  - Thou shalt not strive officiously.

PMID- 6814566
TI  - Kidney pseudotumour diagnosed by emission computed tomography.
AB  - Emission computed tomography is a new, useful imaging technique; when a rotating
      gamma camera capable of such imaging is used multiple adjacent transverse
      sections may be obtained simultaneously, from which coronal and sagittal sections
      may be computed. The technique was used in a man undergoing urological
      investigation in whom excretion urography indicated a space-occupying lesion in
      the left kidney. Ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging showed nothing
      abnormal, but emission computed tomography using a rotating gamma camera showed
      that functioning cortical tissue extended across the middle of the left kidney.
      Radiographs were therefore reviewed and ultrasonography repeated, and it was
      concluded that the abnormality was a hypertrophied column of Bertin. Emission
      tomographic imaging of the kidney is a useful adjunct to other non-invasive
      studies.

PMID- 6814564
TI  - Hazards of hyposplenism.

PMID- 6814565
TI  - Acute cholecystitis: a case for early surgery?

PMID- 6814567
TI  - Cryptic stage of sleeping-sickness trypanosome developing in choroid plexus
      epithelial cells.
AB  - Electronmicrographs of the choroid plexus from rats infected with Trypanosoma
      brucei rhodesiense showed that trypomastigotes from the perivascular spaces may
      penetrate and undergo multiple division in the ependymal cells which locally
      constitute the blood-brain barrier. Progressive degeneration of the ependymal
      cell liberates trypomastigotes back into the perivascular space, from which re
      entry into the blood may occur. Re-entry to the blood does not take place from
      any tissues other than the brain and its membranes. These findings suggest that
      the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus are the site of the cryptic stage of
      the sleeping-sickness trypanosome.

PMID- 6814569
TI  - Decrease in pancreatic steatorrhoea by positioned-release enzyme capsules.

PMID- 6814568
TI  - Ambulatory blood pressure during once-daily randomised double-blind
      administration of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and slow-release propranolol.
AB  - Intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure was measured over 24 hours, in 34
      patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, both before and after double-blind
      randomisation to treatment with atenolol (n=9), metoprolol (n=9), pindolol (n=9),
      or propranolol in its slow-release form (n=7). The dosage of each drug was
      adjusted at monthly clinic visits until satisfactory control of blood pressure
      was achieved (140/90 mm Hg or less by cuff) or the maximum dose in the study
      protocol was reached. A second intra-arterial recording was made after these
      drugs had been taken once daily at 0800 for three to eight months (mean 5.0+/-SD
      1.4) and was started four hours after the last dose.At the end of the 24-hour
      recordings blood pressure was significantly lower with all four drugs. The extent
      to which the drugs reduced blood pressure, however, differed over the 24 hours.
      Atenolol lowered mean arterial pressure significantly throughout all 24 recorded
      hours, metoprolol for 12 hours, pindolol for 15 hours, and slow-release
      propranolol for 22 hours. Neither metoprolol nor pindolol lowered blood pressure
      during sleep. A significant reduction in heart rate was observed over 20 hours
      with atenolol, 20 hours with metoprolol, 10 hours with pindolol, and 24 hours
      with slow-release propranolol. Atenolol, metoprolol, and slow-release propranolol
      continued to slow the heart rate 24 hours after the last tablet was taken; this
      effect on heart rate, however, was not sustained throughout the second morning in
      those patients taking atenolol. Pindolol, the only drug studied that has
      intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, increased heart rate and did not lower blood
      pressure during sleep.Atenolol and slow-release propranolol are effective as
      antihypertensive agents over 24 hours when taken once daily, whereas metoprolol
      and pindolol may need to be taken more frequently. At times of low sympathetic
      tone, however, such as during sleep, beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic
      activity may raise heart rate and attenuate the fall in blood pressure with
      treatment.

PMID- 6814571
TI  - Tetanus after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation.

PMID- 6814570
TI  - Unusual presentation of anorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 6814572
TI  - Recurrent hyperinfestation with Strongyloides stercoralis in a renal allograft
      recipient.

PMID- 6814573
TI  - Delay in treating diabetes in childhood.

PMID- 6814574
TI  - Health and Safety at Work Act 1974: duties to other users of premises.

PMID- 6814575
TI  - Unusual injury? Recent injury in normal children and children with suspected non
      accidental injury.
AB  - Four hundred normal children aged between 2 weeks and 11 years were examined to
      determine the prevalence and site of recent injury of any type. There was
      evidence of injury in 37% with a steady increase in prevalence to 60% by the end
      of the third year of life. Bruising of the hands and feet and of the lower legs
      was the most frequent type of injury. Head and facial injuries were most common
      between 18 months and 3 years (17% of children) but were rare at other ages.
      Injury to the lumbar region was unusual before 5 years but was present in 14% of
      children of school age. In 84 children of similar age where non-accidental injury
      was proved or suspected a different pattern of injury was present. Sixty per cent
      had injuries to the head and face; this increase in prevalence was seen at all
      ages. These children also had more frequent injuries in the lumbar region,
      particularly before the age of 5 years.

PMID- 6814576
TI  - Use of low-dose insulin infusions in diabetics after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Myocardial infarction in diabetics is often accompanied by poor diabetic control.
      An assessment of a low-dose insulin infusion regimen in 26 diabetic patients
      after myocardial infarction found this system to be simple, effective, and safe.

PMID- 6814577
TI  - "Know then thyself".

PMID- 6814579
TI  - ABC of brain stem death. Reappraising death.

PMID- 6814578
TI  - Essentials of health economics: part IV--Organising health care resources.

PMID- 6814580
TI  - Benoxaprofen: effect on cutaneous lesions in psoriasis.

PMID- 6814581
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis and erythema nodosum.

PMID- 6814582
TI  - The Hunter School of Medicine.

PMID- 6814583
TI  - Cimetidine-induced renal failure.

PMID- 6814584
TI  - Steatorrhoea after tetracycline.

PMID- 6814585
TI  - Cyclosporin A as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6814586
TI  - Primidone in essential tremor.

PMID- 6814587
TI  - Pleurisy and pulmonary granulomas after treatment with acebutolol.

PMID- 6814588
TI  - Breech: vaginal delivery or caesarean section?

PMID- 6814589
TI  - Energy intake and weight gain of very low birthweight babies fed raw expressed
      breast milk.

PMID- 6814590
TI  - "Near-miss" cot deaths and home monitoring.

PMID- 6814591
TI  - The duty of confidence.

PMID- 6814592
TI  - Cavernosography.

PMID- 6814593
TI  - Drug research: dead end or new horizon?

PMID- 6814594
TI  - Choosing treatment for metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 6814595
TI  - Kuntscher's nails for femoral fractures.

PMID- 6814596
TI  - Tomoscintigraphy for detecting gastrointestinal and medullary thyroid cancers:
      first clinical results using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies against
      carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Transaxial tomoscintigraphy (or single-photon emission computerised tomography)
      was used to detect secondary deposits of carcinoma in 17 patients who had been
      injected with iodine-131-labelled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic
      antigen. Of 17 tumor sites studied by tomoscintigraphy 16 were detected
      (sensitivity 94%); five sites had a volume smaller than 10 cm3. Tomoscintigraphy
      also detected three unknown tumour deposits later confirmed by surgery or
      radiology. In contrast, when 21 tumour sites in the same patients were studied by
      rectilinear scintigraphy, only nine tumour sites were detected (sensitivity 43%),
      of which eight had a volume larger than 50 cm3.

PMID- 6814597
TI  - Association of specific immune response to pork and beef insulin with certain HLA
      DR antigens in type 1 diabetes.
AB  - To test the association of HLA-DR antigens with high-responder and low-responder
      status to either beef or pork insulin, insulin antibodies in diabetic sera were
      separated into those with average low and those with average high affinity and
      their insulin-binding capacities for each insulin determined. Significantly less
      binding of pork insulin by the high affinity antibodies occurred in the group of
      patients with DR3 antigens compared with those with DR4 antigens (p less than
      0.01) and DR3/4 antigens (p less than 0.01). The difference in the binding
      capacity of beef insulin by the high affinity antibodies between the groups with
      DR3 and DR4 antigens was less pronounced but still significant. The high
      responder status of DR3/4 antigens to pork insulin suggests that the gene or
      genes associated with HLA-DR4, and responsible for a high response to pork
      insulin, are dominant to genes associated with HLA-DR3 and a low response. If
      extended to human insulin and different HLA-DR and HLA-B antigen patterns, these
      finding should help in the therapeutic selection of the appropriate insulin and
      thus reduce the induction of an anti-insulin response in patients with diabetes.

PMID- 6814598
TI  - Decreased plasma motilin concentrations in pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma motilin concentrations were measured in 37 women during the second and
      third trimester of pregnancy and one week after delivery. The mean plasma motilin
      concentrations, both fasting and after a glucose load and a mixed meal, were
      significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced during pregnancy, returning to the
      normal range one week post partum. Pregnancy appears to have a profound
      inhibitory effect on plasma motilin, and this may in part be responsible for the
      gastrointestinal hypomotility associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 6814599
TI  - Urinary red-cell morphology during exercise.
AB  - Midstream urine samples were examined by phase-contrast microscopy before and
      immediately after 48 subjects participated in a long-distance run. Minor
      abnormalities were found in six samples before exercise. Eighteen subjects
      developed proteinuria and five haematuria on dipstick testing after exercise.
      Forty-four subjects had increased urinary red-cell counts after exercise; of
      these, 33 had counts above the normal range (800/ml). In all subjects urinary red
      cells were dysmorphic both before and after exercise, indicating a glomerular
      source. Ten subjects developed red-cell casts and 42 showed an increase in
      hyaline and hyaline-granular casts after exercise. There were modest increases in
      urinary white-cell counts in 35 subjects but little change in urine pH or
      osmolality with exercise. This study confirms that urinary red-cell counts
      commonly increase appreciably after exercise. The dysmorphic appearance of the
      red cells together with the presence of red-cell casts indicates a glomerular
      source for this common form of exercise haematuria.

PMID- 6814600
TI  - Association of cold weather with testicular torsion.
AB  - A retrospective study of 46 patients who presented with proved testicular torsion
      over five years at two Dublin hospitals showed that in 40 cases torsion had
      occurred when the temperature was under 2 degrees C; the incidence of torsion was
      higher during the cold months of the year. Both of these findings were
      statistically significant. These and other results suggest that the ambient
      temperature may have some role in the incidence and aetiology of testicular
      torsion.

PMID- 6814601
TI  - Spontaneous abortions in hospital staff engaged in sterilising instruments with
      chemical agents.
AB  - Spontaneous abortions in hospital sterilising staff were analysed using data from
      a postal questionnaire and a hospital discharge register. The study included all
      the sterilising staff employed in Finnish hospitals in 1980; the controls were
      nursing auxiliaries. Data from the questionnaire showed that the frequency of
      spontaneous abortions was 11.3% for the sterilising staff and 10.6% for the
      nursing auxiliaries. When the staff were concerned in sterilising procedures
      during their pregnancy the frequency was 16.7% compared with 5.6% for the non
      exposed pregnancies. Adjustment for age, parity, decade of pregnancy, smoking
      habits, and intake of coffee and alcohol did not affect the differences. The
      increased frequency of spontaneous abortion correlated with exposure to ethylene
      oxide but not with exposure to glutaraldehyde or to formaldehyde. Analysis of
      spontaneous abortions from the hospital discharge register confirmed the
      findings. Thus the results from the two independent analyses suggest that
      exposure to ethylene oxide in hospitals may carry a risk of spontaneous abortion
      among sterilising staff.

PMID- 6814602
TI  - Yersinia and chronic glomerulopathy in the savannah region of Nigeria.

PMID- 6814603
TI  - Popular marathons: forecasting casualties.

PMID- 6814604
TI  - Medical problems before and after a popular marathon.

PMID- 6814605
TI  - Analgesia after herniotomy in a paediatric day unit.

PMID- 6814606
TI  - Health and Safety at Work Act 1974: enforcement.

PMID- 6814607
TI  - Coronary care in a general practitioner hospital.

PMID- 6814608
TI  - Research as a solution in the North East.

PMID- 6814609
TI  - Democracy reigns in Aberdeen.

PMID- 6814611
TI  - Research related to human fertilisation and embryology. Statement by the Medical
      Research Council.

PMID- 6814612
TI  - Survival after replantation.
AB  - Over a seven-year period in one unit performing replantation surgery 63 parts
      were replanted in 49 patients with an overall survival rate of 60%, which
      represents a worthwhile salvage of tissue otherwise not available for
      reconstruction. As the median operation time was eight hours (range 5-22) the
      implication of providing such prolonged operative procedures on the resources of
      the Health Service must be seriously considered. Yet there is a failure of
      awareness among the medical profession of the possibilities of such treatment,
      and potentially viable parts may be being discarded.

PMID- 6814610
TI  - Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal
      bereavement.
AB  - After an earlier study into the practical aspects of the management of perinatal
      death, a counselling service was introduced for parents whose baby had died in
      the perinatal period. The service was monitored, and the parents who received the
      service were compared with a group that did not. Fifty families were allocated
      randomly either to the counselling (supported) group or to the contrast group,
      who received routine hospital care. Assessment was carried out at six and 14
      months after the death, using a semi-structured interview and two self-rating
      scales (the general health questionnaire and the Leeds scales). Two of 16 mothers
      in the supported group showed psychiatric disorder at six months, compared with
      10 of 19 in the contrast group (p less than 0.01, Fisher's exact test). There was
      no significant difference between the two groups at 14 months, when 80% of all
      the women studied had recovered psychiatric symptoms. Socially isolated women and
      those who marital relations lacked intimacy had a higher incidence of psychiatric
      symptoms at six months. Early pregnancy (within six months) was associated with a
      higher incidence of psychiatric symptoms in the unsupported group. The duration
      of bereavement reaction after perinatal death was appreciably shortened by
      support and counselling.

PMID- 6814613
TI  - Choosing to become a consultant.

PMID- 6814614
TI  - Essentials of health economics. Part IV (continued)--organising health care
      resources.

PMID- 6814615
TI  - ABC of brain stem death. From brain death to brain stem death.

PMID- 6814617
TI  - Severe coughing and pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 6814616
TI  - "Type B" cardiology.

PMID- 6814618
TI  - Cot deaths and medical communication.

PMID- 6814619
TI  - Introduction of 100-unit insulin.

PMID- 6814620
TI  - Use of operating theatres.

PMID- 6814621
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6814622
TI  - Early detection of glaucoma.

PMID- 6814624
TI  - Myocardial disarray revisited.

PMID- 6814623
TI  - Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and diabetic
      complications.

PMID- 6814625
TI  - GPs' contributions to district management teams.

PMID- 6814626
TI  - Antacids for duodenal ulcer?

PMID- 6814627
TI  - Hazards of lumbar puncture.

PMID- 6814628
TI  - Unnecessary examinations?

PMID- 6814629
TI  - Abnormal cardiac enzyme responses after strenuous exercise: alternative
      diagnostic aids.
AB  - Serial estimations of activities of creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme,
      aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase
      and of concentrations of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein were performed in 15 healthy
      well-trained male marathon runners. Estimations were made initially within three
      days before a race and then one, 24, and 96 hours after the race. Technetium-99m
      pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy was carried out at the initial prerace
      assessment and repeated 48 to 96 hours after the race. None of the subjects
      developed cardiac symptoms during or after the race.Activities of creatine kinase
      and creatine kinase MB became maximal 24 hours after the race. One and 96 hours
      after the race two and five subjects, respectively, showed amounts of creatine
      kinase MB totalling 5% or more of total creatine kinase. Lactate dehydrogenase
      activity peaked at one hour after the race, and activities of aspartate and
      alanine aminotransferases peaked at 24 and 96 hours after the race, respectively.
      Activities of all these enzymes showed a significant increase from prerace values
      during the rest of the study. Electrocardiographic features noted were similar to
      those reported elsewhere in athletes under similar conditions. They included
      first-degree heart block, incomplete right bundle-branch block, left ventricular
      hypertrophy, pseudoischaemic T-wave changes, and early repolarisation of variant
      ST-segment elevations in precordial leads. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate
      myocardial scintigraphy did not show evidence of myocardial damage before or
      after the race. Alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations were normal
      throughout.These data suggest that reliance on standard enzyme estimations and
      electrocardiographic criteria may yield false-positive indicators of myocardial
      injury during prolonged strenuous exercise. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate
      scintigraphy and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein measurements offer additional
      information and may usefully be employed in evaluating circulatory collapse
      associated with such exercise.

PMID- 6814630
TI  - Congenital hip dislocation: an increasing and still uncontrolled disability?
AB  - A study of 178 cases of congenital dislocation of the hip in babies born between
      1965 and 1978 in Southampton health district showed that the incidence had
      virtually doubled over this period. Established cases (persisting beyond the
      first birthday) had risen to around two cases per 1000 per live births. One-third
      of these were first diagnosed after the age of 1 year and one-fifth after 18
      months. The findings are particularly disappointing as there were opportunities
      after the neonatal period for earlier diagnosis. Thus, neonatal screening appears
      to have failed to make a substantial impact on the morbidity of the disease,
      probably because of a combination of inherent difficulties in the neonatal
      screening test as well as failure in its proper application. Much greater
      vigilance is needed during the first year of life if congenital dislocation of
      the hip is to be detected and treated as early as possible. Perhaps this could be
      achieved if all health professionals were more aware of the problem and were
      encouraged to examine hips at every opportunity and health authorities
      periodically audited their results.

PMID- 6814631
TI  - Admission after mild head injury: benefits and costs.
AB  - Large numbers of patients are admitted to hospital in Britain after mild head
      injury in the hope of anticipating complications. Investigation of 1442
      consecutive admissions with head injury to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary yielded
      56 intracranial haematomas. Of 865 patients who were alert and orientated in the
      accident and emergency department after having been briefly knocked out but who
      had no skull fracture, no focal neurological signs, and no history of headache or
      vomiting, only one developed an intracranial haematoma. In deciding which
      patients should be admitted a skull fracture is a much more important risk factor
      than is a history of brief unconsciousness. If criteria for admission took
      account of this fewer patients would be admitted and the saving would be
      considerable.

PMID- 6814632
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome--a safe diagnosis?
AB  - Seventy-seven of 84 surviving patients in whom the irritable bowel syndrome had
      been diagnosed at least six years previously were reviewed. A different diagnosis
      was made in only four cases. Forty-four patients remained symptomatic and 29
      patients had no further bowel problems. The irritable bowel syndrome is often a
      chronic, relapsing disorder, and further investigations are not necessary unless
      symptoms change considerably.

PMID- 6814633
TI  - Bromocriptine-associated hyponatraemia in cirrhosis.

PMID- 6814634
TI  - Normal pregnancy in renal transplant recipient with history of eclampsia and
      intrauterine death.

PMID- 6814635
TI  - Exercise testing in assessment of hypertension.

PMID- 6814636
TI  - Transient monoclonal gammopathy in hydralazine-induced lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6814637
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis infection of the lower respiratory tract: reliable
      diagnosis by sputum examination.

PMID- 6814638
TI  - Repeated renal failure with use of captopril in a cystinotic renal allograft
      recipient.

PMID- 6814639
TI  - Bilateral abdominal lipohypertrophy after continuous subcutaneous infusion of
      insulin.

PMID- 6814640
TI  - Acute colitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides.

PMID- 6814641
TI  - Accuracy of early endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 6814643
TI  - Prevention: who needs it?

PMID- 6814642
TI  - Managing thyroid illness: a trainee group project.

PMID- 6814645
TI  - Essentials of health economics. Part V--Assessing the costs and benefits of
      treatment alternatives.

PMID- 6814644
TI  - ABC of brain stem death. Diagnosis of brain stem death--I.

PMID- 6814646
TI  - Try not to get locked into a specialty.

PMID- 6814647
TI  - Thamesmead: dream to reality.

PMID- 6814648
TI  - Death from asthma in two regions of England.

PMID- 6814649
TI  - Multimodal treatment in operable breast cancer.

PMID- 6814650
TI  - Clostridium difficile in toxic megacolon.

PMID- 6814651
TI  - Does control of risk factors prevent coronary heart disease?

PMID- 6814652
TI  - Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 6814653
TI  - Abnormal mammograms with no lump.

PMID- 6814654
TI  - A case of Lassa fever.

PMID- 6814655
TI  - Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labor.

PMID- 6814656
TI  - The GP and the specialist: gastroenterology.

PMID- 6814657
TI  - Severe mental handicap: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention.

PMID- 6814659
TI  - Are you making the most of "Index Medicus"?

PMID- 6814658
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa.

PMID- 6814660
TI  - Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento,
      Birmingham.

PMID- 6814661
TI  - Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor.

PMID- 6814662
TI  - Does low dietary intake of linoleic acid predispose to myocardial infarction?

PMID- 6814663
TI  - Can infection be abolished?

PMID- 6814664
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in depression.

PMID- 6814665
TI  - Haematuria and exercise-related haematuria.

PMID- 6814667
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 6814666
TI  - Sensitivity to tartrazine.

PMID- 6814668
TI  - Reduced sinus arrhythmia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: diagnostic value of an
      age-related normal range.
AB  - A study was carried out to establish a normal range for use in a deep breathing
      test of cardiac vagal integrity in diabetes mellitus. The change in heart rate
      resulting from taking a deep breath was recorded in 174 healthy subjects aged 16
      89 years. Results were expressed as the ratio of the longest R-R interval during
      expiration to the shortest R-R interval during inspiration. This ratio declined
      appreciably with age (p less than 0.001) but was not significantly related to
      resting heart rate. An age-related normal range was constructed and its
      diagnostic value investigated in 134 diabetics (aged 15-70 years) with various
      degrees of neuropathy. The sensitivity for indicating autonomic dysfunction was
      high: six false-negative and one false-positive result were obtained. Measurement
      of this age-dependent ratio, which may be made with any electrocardiographic
      apparatus, provides a simple, accurate diagnostic screen for autonomic neuropathy
      in the clinic.

PMID- 6814669
TI  - Enkephalin inhibits relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
AB  - Five healthy volunteers were studied for the effect on oesophageal motility of a
      single subcutaneous injection of a synthetic analogue of enkephalin as compared
      with an injection of an equivalent volume (0.5 ml) of saline. The injections were
      given at random on separate days, and each was followed after 40 minutes by 2 mg
      naloxone given intravenously. Pressures were measured by manometry after dry and
      wet (5 ml) swallows at one-minute intervals, and traces were coded and analysed
      "blind". Twenty-five minutes after the injection of enkephalin the percentage
      relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was significantly less (p
      less than 0.005) than at the same time after saline. Within two minutes after
      intravenous naloxone this effect had disappeared completely. Enkephalin had no
      noticeable effect on pressure of the sphincter or on amplitude and duration of
      oesophageal peristalsis. The mechanism of action of enkephalin in selectively
      inhibiting relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter remains to be
      determined. That naloxone rapidly reversed the inhibition may be relevant in
      achalasia and warrants further study.

PMID- 6814670
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions due to haemodialysis, haemofiltration, or membrane plasma
      separation.
AB  - A previously undescribed anaphylactoid reaction to haemodialysis,
      haemofiltration, or membrane plasma separation occurred in 15 patients receiving
      regular dialysis. The illness varied in severity from urticaria, sneezing, and
      watering of the eyes to severe bronchospasm and cardiovascular collapse, and
      began within a minute of blood being returned from the dialyser or filtration
      device to the patient. Reactions developed only when a dialyser sterilised with
      ethylene oxide was used for the first time and never after sterilisation with
      formalin. Several patients had more than one reaction while three had a reaction
      each time a new dialyser was used. Incorrect priming of the dialysers may be a
      partial explanation of these attacks, but the exact reason for their occurrence
      is unknown. This is a dramatic and potentially life-threatening syndrome that may
      not previously have been recognised as a reaction to dialysis.

PMID- 6814671
TI  - Haemophilia and the kidney: assessment after 11-year follow-up.
AB  - Radiological and biochemical investigations of renal function were performed in
      57 patients with haemophilia, 27 of whom had been previously investigated in
      1969. Although one-third of patients had a renal radiographic abnormality, only
      two had abnormalities persisting since 1969 and attributable to renal bleeding.
      Isotope renography was a sensitive indicator of renal abnormality whereas a
      history of haematuria was a poor discriminator for patients with abnormal
      intravenous urograms or impaired creatinine clearance. Haematuria was not
      associated with progressive loss of renal function and its natural history in
      haemophilia is probably benign.

PMID- 6814672
TI  - Gonadal function in Hodgkin's disease: long-term follow-up of chemotherapy.
AB  - A long-term study of gonadal function was conducted in 46 men and 28 women in
      prolonged remission of advanced Hodgkin's disease after cyclical combination
      chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, vinblastine, prednisolone, and procarbazine.
      The mean follow-up was 6.9 years. Azoospermia or profound oligospermia occurred
      in 36 of the men, but late recovery was occasionally observed. Testosterone
      secretion was preserved. Amenorrhoea and gonadal hormone deficiency developed in
      22 of the women and never recovered. Partial or complete chemical sterilisation
      and gonadal hormone deficiency is currently a consequence of cure of advanced
      Hodgkin's disease in most patients.

PMID- 6814673
TI  - Isolated testicular relapse in boys with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: treatment
      and outcome.
AB  - In 22 boys among a group of 169 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia the first
      relapse occurred in the testis. In 14 of these late isolated testicular relapse
      was detected on routine biopsy or became apparent after treatment was electively
      stopped. Eleven of these boys were treated with reinduction, irradiation of 2400
      rads to both testicles, intrathecal methotrexate, and two years of chemotherapy;
      10 remained well and were in second complete remission from two and a half to
      five and a half years later. It is concluded that boys with late isolated
      testicular relapse fare better than those with late marrow relapse and may have a
      change of long-term disease-free survival.

PMID- 6814674
TI  - Multiple sclerosis plaque mimicking tumour on computed tomography.

PMID- 6814675
TI  - Renal artery thrombosis caused by antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 6814676
TI  - Rastafarianism and the vegans syndrome.

PMID- 6814679
TI  - Helping agencies.

PMID- 6814677
TI  - Raised creatine kinase activity and presence of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
      after exercise.

PMID- 6814680
TI  - Drug treatment in elderly patients: GP audit.

PMID- 6814678
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis developing after plant thorn synovitis.

PMID- 6814681
TI  - A nurse's experience in the MRC's hypertension trial.

PMID- 6814682
TI  - Alternative medicine: cost and subjective benefit in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were asked about
      money spent in an attempt to help their arthritis. This included expenditure on
      alternative medicine, aids for the home, and conventional medicine. Most money
      was spent on, and most benefit was derived from, aids for the home. Sixty per
      cent of the patients had tried alternative medicine, but expenditure on this was
      relatively low and only a small proportion found it helpful.

PMID- 6814683
TI  - Thamesmead: lessons learnt.

PMID- 6814684
TI  - Replanning of an intensive therapy unit.
AB  - Considerable effort is needed when replanning an intensive therapy unit to avoid
      repeating mistakes in design, such as lack of windows and an impractical working
      area. Early consultation with the nursing and medical staff primarily responsible
      for such a unit is essential. The considerable technological innovations in
      intensive care will require flexibility in the future if they are to be
      incorporated into existing facilities.

PMID- 6814685
TI  - Essentials of health economics: Part V. Assessing the cost and benefits of
      treatment alternatives.

PMID- 6814686
TI  - Moving up the registrar ladder.

PMID- 6814687
TI  - ABC of brain stem death. Diagnosis of brain stem death--II.

PMID- 6814688
TI  - Dexamethasone deleterious in cerebral malaria.

PMID- 6814689
TI  - A case of Lassa fever.

PMID- 6814690
TI  - Energy intake and weight gain of very low birthweight babies fed raw expressed
      breast milk.

PMID- 6814691
TI  - Hypersensitivity after a sea urchin sting.

PMID- 6814692
TI  - Benoxaprofen: effect on cutaneous lesions in psoriasis.

PMID- 6814693
TI  - Comparison of whole-blood eosinophil counts in extrinsic asthmatics with acute
      and chronic asthma.

PMID- 6814694
TI  - Factors protective against retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics free of
      retinopathy for 30 years.

PMID- 6814695
TI  - Promoting children's home safety.

PMID- 6814696
TI  - Influence of previous gold toxicity on subsequent development of penicillamine
      toxicity.

PMID- 6814697
TI  - Blood gas analysis: effect of air bubbles in syringe and delay in estimation.

PMID- 6814698
TI  - Death due to overdose of indoramin.

PMID- 6814699
TI  - Who is taking their tablets?

PMID- 6814700
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis and erythema nodosum.

PMID- 6814701
TI  - Serological tests for syphilis.

PMID- 6814702
TI  - Child health records and computing.

PMID- 6814703
TI  - Eye movements induced by electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields of
      marmosets and squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Two or three sites in the region of the frontal lobe of marmoset and squirrel
      monkey are definable as frontal eye fields (FEF) on the basis of electrical
      stimulation which results in slow and/or saccadic eye movements. In the squirrel
      monkey these are located on the banks of the arcuate and principal sulci; in the
      marmoset at estimated analogous locations. Eye ball deviations result from
      stimulation of these sites with a return to initial position at the end of
      stimulation. The induced eye movements included large, slow eye movements of
      varying speeds, micro- and macro-saccades, pendular eye movements, and saccadic
      stairways. The direction of these eye movements depended on the site stimulated.
      Both smooth slow and saccadic eye movements were obtained even with stimulation
      of the same site, depending on the stimulus intensity and the depth of
      anesthesia. A precise relationship between the site stimulated and the type of
      eye movement elicited could not be established in these species. Effective
      stimulus was 300 Hz frequency, 0.2-0.5 ms pulse duration, 0,05-0.05 mA current,
      and trains of 4-160 pulses. Characteristically, sites for induction of saccadic
      eye movements were frontal to sites for induction of slow eye movements.

PMID- 6814704
TI  - A dual label radiotracer technique for the simultaneous measurement of cerebral
      blood flow and the single-transit cerebral extraction of diffusion-limited
      compounds in rats.
AB  - An inexpensive method is described which permits simultaneous quantification of
      the cerebrovascular extraction (E) of diffusion-limited compounds and cerebral
      blood flow (CBF) in rats. This method involves the use of two radioisotopic
      tracers: (a) a diffusion-limited, test tracer such as [3H]water; and (b) a
      reference tracer. The reference tracer is also used in the measurement of CBF. In
      the development and validation of this technique, results using two different
      types of reference tracers were compared. The reference tracers employed were:
      (a) [14C]butanol, a flow-limited (i.e. freely diffusible) compound; and (b)
      [141Ce]microspheres which embolize in the cerebromicrocirculation. Inclusion of
      [3H]water in the injection bolus permitted simultaneous measurement of Ew using
      both butanol and microspheres as the reference as well as concomitant measurement
      of CBF. Both tracers provided estimates of these values which behaved
      physiologically with respect to increasing arterial CO2 content (paCO2). In
      addition, the simultaneous measurement of Ew and CBF permitted calculation of the
      effective permeability of water across the blood-brain barrier (PwS) which was
      discovered to increased with increasing paCO2.

PMID- 6814705
TI  - Body weight changes after neurochemical manipulations of lateral amygdala:
      noradrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms.

PMID- 6814706
TI  - In vivo voltammetry with electrodes that discriminate between dopamine and
      ascorbate.
AB  - Untreated carbon-fiber voltammetric electrodes have been employed as chemical
      sensors of easily oxidized compounds in the brains of rats anesthetized with
      chloral hydrate. These electrodes can be used to distinguish dopamine from
      ascorbate and dihydroxyphenylacetate by the shape of the voltammograms. The
      electrodes are shown to provide a reproducible response to different neuronal
      stimuli. The rapid release of dopamine in the caudate nucleus can be measured
      following a local application of potassium chloride. Intraperitoneal injections
      of amphetamine also induce an increase of easily oxidized compounds; however, the
      voltammetry suggests that ascorbic acid, rather than dopamine, is the primary
      substance detected. Measurements in the cortex or in the caudate nucleus of
      animals lesioned by prior injection of 6-hydroxydopamine show that a substance
      with voltammetric properties identical to those of ascorbic acid also increases
      in concentration in these areas as a result of amphetamine administration.

PMID- 6814708
TI  - Postmortem stability and characterization of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone and thyrotropin releasing hormone in human brain tissue.

PMID- 6814707
TI  - The induction of glial proliferation by an astrocytoma-derived growth factor
      resembling glia maturation factor.
AB  - Glia maturation factor (GMF)-like activity which induces DNA synthesis and
      morphological differentiation of density-inhibited glioblasts was detected in
      various glial tumor cells. A polypeptide from C6 cells (rat astrocytoma) which
      has a molecular weight range of 40,000-50,000 showed the highest activity. This
      factor also induced DNA synthesis in glioma cells (354A and LRM55) and fibroblast
      (Swiss 3T3). The activity was susceptible to heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 5
      min, or to proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and subtilisin, but
      it was devoid of esteropeptidase activity. The isoelectric point was found to be
      5.3. Subcellular fractionation localized the activity in cytosomal and microsomal
      fractions. These properties closely resemble those of GMF from pig and bovine
      brain.

PMID- 6814710
TI  - [Gas exchange and regulation of ventilation during dictated breathing frequency].

PMID- 6814709
TI  - [The significance of ventilation, respiration and circulation in the 2-stage
      loading test for evaluating workers with dust-related pulmonary findings].

PMID- 6814711
TI  - [Comparative study of the proliferation of Paramecium tetraurelia aboard a
      satellite and aboard a stratospheric balloon].
AB  - A possible effect of cosmic rays on cell proliferation was investigated in
      cultures of Paramecium tetraurelia during a stratospheric balloon flight, with
      the techniques already used for the CYTOS experiments, performed aboard the
      orbital station Salyut 6. The results show that the stimulating effect of space
      on cell proliferation, reported in the CYTOS experiments, also occurs in the
      balloon flight. The respective roles of cosmic rays and weightlessness in the
      biological response are discussed.

PMID- 6814712
TI  - [Uranium concentration by crustacea: A structural, ultrastructural and
      microanalytical study by secondary ion emission and electron probe X ray
      microanalysis].
AB  - Experimental intoxications were performed on the Crayfish Pontastacus
      leptodactylus using hydrosoluble uranium nitrate. Investigations demonstrate that
      Crustacea are able to concentrate both uranium main radioactive isotopes 238U and
      235U within the cuticle, gill epithelium, midgut gland (= hepatopancreas) and
      macrophagic hemocytes. The storage occurs within nucleus and lysosomal system
      where uranium is precipitated in the form of an unsoluble phosphate. The proposed
      hypothesis for the metal extrusion is the following: residual bodies containing
      the uranium precipitates are extruded into the extracellular space where they are
      absorbed, by phagocytosis, by the macrophagic hemocytes.

PMID- 6814713
TI  - [Depressor effect of normobaric oxygen on the mouse lymphoid system].
AB  - Mice exposed to pure oxygen develop a lethal edematous pulmonary disease. This
      Note demonstrates, in these Mice, a lymphoid involution with blood lymphopenia
      and severe decrease in thymic weight and cellularity. The thymus was completely
      destroyed following 96 hrs. exposure. The possible role of these leucocyte
      alterations in normobare oxygen toxicity should be considered.

PMID- 6814714
TI  - [The effects of an antiprogesterone steroid in women: interruption of the
      menstrual cycle and of early pregnancy].
AB  - RU-486 is a steroid which possesses a great affinity for the progesterone
      receptor, does not have a progesterone activity, but is indeed a strong
      antagonist of progesterone effects in animals. Oral administration induces the
      interruption of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and that of early
      pregnancy in women. Its mode of administration and its properties enable us to
      envisage a new methodology for menstrual cycle regulation and human birth
      control.

PMID- 6814715
TI  - [Role of lysines in the stability of a snake neurotoxin].
AB  - The effects of charge suppression at a single lysine residue on the energetics of
      thermal unfolding or unfolding with guanidinium chloride of erabutoxin b are
      studied by circular dichroism. It is shown that acylation of lysine 15, 47 or 51
      has virtually no effect on the toxin stability. In contrast, abolition of the
      positive charge of lys-27, a residue involved in the "toxic" site of the
      molecule, substantially increases the toxin stability. This phenomenon is
      attributed to suppression of repulsive interactions occurring within the native
      toxin molecule between lys-27 and other positively charged groups.

PMID- 6814716
TI  - [In vitro infestation of adult thamnomys hepatocytes with Plasmodium yoelii
      sporozoites; schizogony and release of infecting merozoites].
AB  - Hepatocytes isolated from an African rodent, Thamnomys gazellae, by perfusing the
      liver with a solution of collagenase were cultured in modified MEM medium, and
      infected in vitro by sporozoites of the 17 X strain of P. y. yoelii. 48 hrs.
      later, schizonts measuring 30 to 40 microns on average were observed in all
      cultures. Injection of culture supernatant, harvested on day 3, into Mice, was
      followed by a parasitaemia demonstrating that viable merozoites had been released
      by the schizonts.

PMID- 6814717
TI  - Regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6814718
TI  - Regulation of calcium absorption by 1,25,dihydroxy-vitamin D--studies of the
      effects of a bisphosphonate treatment.
AB  - In 10 patients with Paget's disease of bone and 2 patients with osteoporosis, we
      studied the effects of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia induced by disodium-(3
      amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,-bisphosphonate (APD) treatment on the serum
      concentration of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] and on calcium
      absorption and balance. The fall in serum calcium and phosphate was associated
      with a rise in the serum concentration of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3, coupled with
      increases in net calcium absorption and calcium balance. The concentration of
      1,25(OH)2D3 was significantly related (P less than 0.001) to the serum calcium (r
      = 0.66), the serum phosphate (r = 0.78), and the serum PTH (r = 0.71), confirming
      the interrelated control of these parameters on 1,25(OH)2D3 production. Moreover
      the rise in 1,25(OH)2D3 caused an appropriate rise in calcium absorption (r =
      0.74) and calcium balance (r = 0.86), showing that this vitamin D metabolite
      contributes as a hormone to calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 6814719
TI  - Efficacy of amino-hydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate in hypercalcemia:
      observations on regulation of serum calcium.
AB  - For 2 weeks 27 patients with hypercalcemia received a standard oral treatment
      with (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) as the sole agent.
      Results were grouped according to causes of hypercalcemia and compared with
      effects of APD in 13 normocalcemic patients with Paget's disease of bone and 7
      with osteoporosis. In 12 hypercalcemic patients with osteolytic bone lesions and
      in the 20 normocalcemic patients, the mean serum calcium decreased to final
      levels that were subnormal and significantly lower than those obtained after
      treatment of 8 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In 3 patients with
      myeloma and in 4 tumor patients without bone lesions, serum calcium did not
      always decrease to the normal range. Implications of these observations for the
      mechanism of hypercalcemia are discussed.

PMID- 6814720
TI  - hard tissue biochemistry: a comparison of fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue
      samples.
AB  - Formalin fixation of hard tissues alters the levels of some, but not all, of the
      parameters routinely measured by bone researchers. Although mineral parameters
      (ash weight, particle size (beta 1/2 002) and Ca/PO4 ratio) and lipid parameters
      (total lipid content and composition, extractability, and Ca-acidic phospholipid
      phosphate content) are not affected by formalin fixation, the uronate and DNA
      contents are reduced in formalin-fixed bone while hydroxyproline content is
      elevated.

PMID- 6814721
TI  - Relationship between porosity and mineralization in the Haversian osteon.
AB  - Cortical bone, at the osteonal level, consists of three phases: mineral, organic,
      and pore or void phases. In osteonal segments excised from mature human cortical
      bone, organic volume percent is a constant. Determination of the mineral and
      organic phase densities present in these segments has led to defining a simple
      relationship between percent mineralization and void volume. Studies of a group
      of osteonal segments from 5 human tibias suggest that porosity of up to 22.7% may
      exist. This is much more than is suggested by histological examination, leading
      to the conclusion that the majority of the void phase is present as a dispersed
      porosity.

PMID- 6814722
TI  - The effects of long-term immobilization on the histomorphology of human cortical
      bone.
AB  - The cortical bone histomorphometrics, total visible osteon density, and mean
      osteonal cross-sectional area were determined for the major long bones and sixth
      ribs of two individuals with neurological deficit. One was a multiple sclerosis
      patient who had been in a wheelchair for 15 years. The other was a quadriplegic
      as a result of poliomyelitis. Statistically significant differences in osteon
      densities occurred only in the case of the quadriplegic. Nevertheless, in that
      subject, the total visible osteon densities for bones of the right arm were not
      statistically different from these of their age-matched (control) radii. Medical
      history records revealed that there had been partial use of this limb. These
      results support the belief that mechanical stress is an important factor in the
      maintenance of normal cortical bone remodeling. In addition, since there were
      subnormal osteon densities and normal mean osteonal cross-sectional areas,
      immobilization appears to be characterized by reduced activation frequency with a
      normal amount of bone turnover per BMU.

PMID- 6814723
TI  - Intraosseous fat in 133Xe bone circulation measurements.
AB  - The amount of intraosseous fat in the proximal femur is exponentially dependent
      on a coefficient that has been formulated from the bone attenuation curve using
      241Am bone mineral absorptiometry of the distal radius in the same subject. The
      coefficient enables estimation of the 133Xe partition coefficient between blood
      and nonhematopoietic tissues of bone. Bone circulation can then be measured in
      the proximal femur in diseases that affect the whole skeleton.

PMID- 6814724
TI  - Autoradiographic study of the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone matrix
      synthesis in vitamin D replete rats.
AB  - An autoradiographic technique using pulse labels of [3H]proline was developed to
      assess the early effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on bone matrix
      synthesis in vitamin D replete rats. Rats, 7 days old, were given 0.25 2.5, or 25
      ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 for vehicle alone subcutaneously on days 1, 3, and 5 of the
      experiment. Rats received a subcutaneous injection of 100 microCi [3H]proline on
      days 2 and 6 and were killed on day 7. Calvaria and tibia were processed for
      autoradiography, and morphometric methods were developed to measure the rate and
      amount of bone matrix formed during the experimental period. When compared to
      control values, the amount and rate of formation of new bone matrix were both
      signifIcantly decreased in rats receiving 25 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 and slightly, but
      not significantly, decreased in rats receiving 2.5 ng. We conclude that
      administration of pharmacologic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 to vitamin D replete rat
      pups impairs the formation of collagenous bone matrix.

PMID- 6814725
TI  - Cytology and autoradiography of estrogen-induced differentiation of avian
      endosteal cells.
AB  - The endosteal reaction, the initial step in the formation of medullary bone, was
      investigated in femurs of estrogen-treated male Japanese quail. Morphologically,
      the endosteal cells were in an undifferentiated state until 30 h after estrogen
      treatment and showed characteristics resembling those of resting cells. Many
      preosteoblasts were seen on the endosteum at 33 h, whereas mitotic figures and
      fully differentiated osteoblasts were recognized at 36 h after estrogen. The
      mitotic figures were observed among the preosteoblasts on the endosteum.
      Autoradiographs showed that the number of endosteal cells labeled by
      [3H]thymidine injected 1 h before sacrifice was maximal 27 h after the estrogen
      administration and decreased markedly by 30 h. When a single injection of
      [3H]thymidine was given at 26 h after estrogen, the highest percent of labeled
      endosteal cells was observed 1 h later (27 h after estrogen). Labeled
      preosteoblasts and osteoblasts were observed at 7 h (33 h after estrogen) and 10
      h (36 h after estrogen), respectively. Our results show that under the influence
      of estrogen, endosteal cells are induced to maximally synthesize DNA about 27 h
      after estrogen. These cells appear to modulate into preosteoblasts in about 6 h
      and then divide via mitosis to become osteoblasts within an additional 3 h. The
      development of medullary bone induced by estrogen occurs in a sequential and
      predictable manner, which makes it a useful system for studying basic problems on
      bone cell differentiation.

PMID- 6814726
TI  - Activation of serum complement inhibits collagen synthesis in fetal rat bone in
      organ culture.
AB  - Activation of rabbit serum complement caused a marked reduction in collagen
      synthesis but a much smaller change in noncollagen protein synthesis in fetal rat
      calvaria maintained in organ culture. In the periosteum of the fetal rat
      calvarium, both collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis were reduced, whereas
      in the central bone, presumably enriched in osteoblasts, only collagen synthesis
      was inhibited. This large decrease in bone collagen synthesis could not be
      attributed to enhanced degradation of newly synthesized collagen or its release
      into the culture medium. Activation of complement also stimulated the production
      of PGE in fetal rat calvaria. Antagonists of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase
      decreased prostaglandin synthesis but did not restore collagen synthesis in
      complement-treated bones, suggesting that complement decreases osteoblast
      collagen synthesis by a mechanism largely independent of prostaglandin
      production.

PMID- 6814727
TI  - Occurrence of actin-like protein in extracellular matrix vesicles.
AB  - Preliminary indications of the occurrence of actin and myosin in crude matrix
      vesicle preparations have been reported previously. In the present study
      extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone were isolated. They were
      further purified by a sucrose density gradient. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the purified vesicles revealed the presence of a polypeptide
      with a molecular weight of 43 K daltons and with electrophoretic mobility
      identical to that of blood platelet actin. The limited proteolysis of both 43 K
      dalton vesicular polypeptide and actin by Staphylococcus aureus-V8-protease
      revealed three fragments with identical electrophoretic mobility. In addition,
      the vesicular preparations inhibited the activity of DNase I, a property typical
      of actin monomers. Filamentous material extracted from matrix vesicles showed
      ultrastructuraL features of F-actin. Reaction of this material with heavy
      meromyosin resulted in arrowhead formation, which is characteristic of acto-heavy
      meromyosin. The occurrence of actin in extracellular matrix vesicles may account
      for their budding from the osteoblastic plasma membrane, their possible motility
      in the matrix, and maintenance of the spherical shape.

PMID- 6814728
TI  - Trabecular bone structural variation in biopsy sites of the beagle ilium.
AB  - Iliac trabecular bone sites were studied in 2 male and 2 female adult beagles to
      determine normal structural variability among different sites, and to identify
      transilial biopsy sites with minimum structural variation. Only sites that
      provided adequate amounts of trabecular bone were studied. Trabecular bone area
      and perimeter were measured on microradiographs of ground sagittal sections using
      a Quantimet 720 image analyzer, and percent bone, perimeter to area ratio, and
      mean trabecular width were calculated. Over 100% variation was found in the
      parameters studies among sections from different sites within the same animal.
      However, variability was minimal among sections obtained more than 2 mm from the
      lateral or medial cortex within the most caudal sites evaluated. Two sites
      appropriate for sampling with an 8 mm trephine were identified as being centered
      over the following points: (a) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial dorsal spine
      and 7 mm ventral to the tuber sacrale, and (b) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial
      ventral spine and 7 mm dorsal to the tuber coxae. Comparison of data obtained
      from males and females indicated that sampling variation may also be reduced by
      using dogs of one sex and by preferential use of males.

PMID- 6814729
TI  - Osteopenia with decreased bone formation in beagles with malabsorption syndrome.
AB  - Morphometric and bone density studies were performed on bones from 10 healthy
      adult dogs and 9 dogs that had exhibited signs of intestinal malabsorption for
      variable periods of time. The dogs with malabsorption syndrome had a marked
      decrease in the amount of trabecular bone in lumbar vertebrae (P less than
      0.001). Evaluation of undecalcified rib cross sections revealed these dogs had a
      decrease in trabecular thickness (P less than 0.01) and cortical area (P less
      than 0.01). There was a decrease in the proportion of the trabecular surface
      covered with osteoblasts (P less than 0.01) and an increase in resting resorption
      surface (P less than 0.01) and trabecular specific surface (P less than 0.01).
      Three of the dogs with malabsorption syndrome and all control dogs were labeled
      with oxytetracycline prior to sacrifice. The dogs with malabsorption syndrome had
      a decreased number or complete absence of labeled bone formation sites when
      compared to controls. No difference was found in bone mineral density in the
      malabsorption cases as a group, although 1 of the dogs that had an increase in
      percent osteoid volume and percent osteoid-covered surface had lower ash/ml in
      trabecular bone samples from lumbar vertebrae. Parathyroid gland weights were
      available for 6 of the 9 dogs, and these were not significantly different from
      controls. The findings indicate that decreased bone formation, probably due to
      the poor nutritional status associated with malabsorption, was an important
      factor in the development of osteopenia.

PMID- 6814730
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on protein synthesis and collagen hydroxylation in
      continuous flow organ cultures of adult mouse periodontal tissues.
AB  - A continuous flow organ culture system (CFCS) was used to determine the effect of
      ascorbic acid on the synthesis of collagen and noncollagenous protein by bone of
      the alveolar process and periodontal ligament in organ cultures of adult mouse
      periodontium. For the last 24 h of 2 day cultures, 5 microCi/ml 3H-proline was
      added to the medium. Highly purified collagenase was used to separate the
      collagenous and noncollagenous proteins and the incorporation of isotope into
      each fraction measured. Collage synthesized in the presence of less than 10
      micrograms/ml ascorbic acid was found to be highly under-hydroxylated (pro:hypro
      ap. acts. 2.3-3.1) in both tissues. When the ascorbic acid levels were between 25
      and 100 micrograms/ml, the synthesis of collagenous proteins was selectively
      stimulated and hydroxylation significantly improved (pro:hypro sp. acts 1.72
      1.89). The effect of ascorbic acid was not related to tissue viability since
      tissues cultured initially in the absence of ascorbic acid were able to recover
      completely when compared to controls given ascorbic acid continuously. The
      proportion of radioactivity in collagen and noncollagenous protein, collagen
      hydroxylation, and percentage of collagen synthesized as type III (av.23%) in
      bone of the alveolar process was similar to that found in vivo. However, in the
      periodontal ligament in vitro the proportion of noncollagenous protein
      synthesized was increased from 70% to 87% and the percentage of type III collagen
      increased from 14% to 26% compared to in vivo results.

PMID- 6814731
TI  - Relationship between blood flow, bone structure, and 239Pu deposition in the
      mouse skeleton.
AB  - The rate at which blood is supplied to several bones in female CBA mice was
      calculated from 18F measurements in bone and blood. Blood flow measurements were
      compared with plutonium uptake in whole bone and on endosteal and periosteal bone
      surfaces. The results showed that: (a) the rate at which blood is supplied to
      bone determines the rate of deposition of plutonium; (b) there is a threshold
      rate of blood supply below which plutonium is not deposited; and (c) the rate of
      blood supply determines the density of plutonium deposition on endosteal but not
      no periosteal bone surfaces. These results are discussed in the light of the
      current bone blood supply hypotheses.

PMID- 6814732
TI  - Osteoclast kinetics in osteopetrotic (ia) rats cured by spleen cell transfers
      from normal littermates.
AB  - Excessive skeletal mass and reduced bone resorption characteristic of
      osteopetrosis in young ia rats can be corrected by irradiation and transfer of
      spleen cells from normal littermates. Cell population analyses and 3H-thymidine
      (3H-TdR) autoradiographic methods were used to determine osteoclast population
      dynamics and kinetics of incorporation of nuclei following whole-body irradiation
      and spleen cell transfer in ia/ia rats and in untreated ia rats and their (ia/+)
      normal littermates. The numbers of osteoclasts per metaphyseal area were greater
      in ia rats than in (ia/+) normal littermates. Untreated ia rats had greater rates
      of incorporation of 3H-TdR-labeled nuclei into osteoclasts but were reduced to
      near normal values following irradiation and spleen cell transfer. Labeled
      osteoclast nuclei were first seen in the primary spongiosa of the femoral
      metaphysis and with increasing time appeared at greater distances from the
      epiphyseal growth plate as the bones grew In length. These sites of osteoclast
      neogenesis correspond to sites where restoration of bone resorption is initially
      seen following bone marrow and splenic transplants in the treatment of
      osteopetrosis.

PMID- 6814733
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in
      epiphyseal growth cartilage.
AB  - The distribution of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes C and B in the rate epiphyseal
      growth cartilage was demonstrated by an immunohistochemical method. The
      isoenzymes were found in different locations. Isoenzyme C was in the
      extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage, and no
      reaction was observed in the chondrocytes. In contrast, the antiserum against
      isoenzyme B revealed only a weak cellular staining. This supports the hypothesis
      that carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C, which is the high-activity form, changes the
      pH in the extracellular fluid of calcifying cartilage, favoring the deposition of
      calcium phosphate.

PMID- 6814736
TI  - The role of some membrane dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - The membrane-associated oxidative enzymes glucose, gluconate, and malate
      dehydrogenases were examined in psychrotrophic Pseudomonas fluorescens. The
      function and activity of these enzymes was determined by measuring extracellular
      product formation by washed cell suspensions. Membrane dehydrogenase activities
      and corresponding transport activities for the substrates glucose, gluconate and
      malate were compared in batch cultures grown with these substrates at 30 and 5
      degrees C. These activities correlated with the production or lack of
      extracellular oxidation products. in chemostat cultures grown at 30 and 5 degrees
      C, the membrane enzymes and production of their extracellular oxidation products
      appeared to be regulated by the available carbon concentration. The enzymes were
      induced and high concentrations of extracellular oxidation products were produced
      under conditions of nitrogen limitation (carbon excess) but not carbon
      limitation. The lower affinities of the three membrane enzymes for their
      respective substrates, when compared with the transport systems utilizing the
      same substrates, correlated with the observed major function of these enzymes in
      carbon-excess environments. The primary role of the membrane-associated oxidative
      enzymes, in carbon dissimilation by this psychrotrophic microorganism at low
      temperatures in carbon-excess environments, was strongly implicated.

PMID- 6814737
TI  - Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a CaCl2 extract from Neisseria meningitidis
      group Y.
AB  - Cross-protection has already been demonstrated in mice after vaccination with a
      CaCl2 extract from the Neisseria meningitidis group Y Slaterus strain. The
      immunogenicity of such extracts from group Y cells, cultivated in a fermenter in
      Neisseria chemically defined medium, against virulent groups A, B, and C
      meningococci has been evaluated by two different animal models and a
      microbactericidal procedure. The mouse challenge system has revealed that the
      active cross-production observed 7 days after a single immunization with the
      extract was probably nonspecific, since bacillus Calmette-Guerin gave similar
      results. However, after three vaccinations, active cross-protection was observed,
      mainly against the strains of groups B and C, for at least 35 days after the last
      injection. In the mouse bacteremia model, the extract had a protective effect
      mainly against the homologous group Y strain but in a few experiments a
      significant protection was also obtained against the strains of groups A and B.
      The microbactericidal test revealed that even after three injections of mice,
      guinea pigs, or humans with the extract only the homologous bactericidal activity
      was induced. Since there was no close correlation between the results obtained
      with the two animal models and also with the microbactericidal procedure, no
      definitive conclusion can be drawn on the protective potential of our extract.

PMID- 6814734
TI  - Bolus intravenous nitroglycerin for ST-segment depression not associated with
      increased myocardial oxygen demand.
AB  - Ischaemic ST-segment changes may occur in patients with coronary artery disease
      when myocardial oxygen consumption is increased as a result of hypertension,
      tachycardia or increased contractility. Ischaemia can also occur as the result of
      decreased coronary perfusion pressure caused by hypotension or coronary artery
      spasm. We report ST-segment depression in the absence of hypertension,
      tachycardia or hypotension. The response to bolus intravenous nitroglycerin
      suggested coronary artery spasm as the cause.

PMID- 6814735
TI  - [Respiratory effects of increasing doses of alfathesin in the dog].
AB  - In 10 dogs the authors studied the effect of increasing doses of alfathesin on
      ventilation (VE, frequency, VT, blood gases), on the ventilatory pattern (TI, TE,
      TI/Ttot), on the neurological initiation of ventilation (VT/TI, occlusion
      pressure at 0.5 seconds), and on the Hering-Beurer reflex (duration of apnoea
      after occlusion of the airway at the end of inspiration). The results were
      compared with normal values taken from the literature. The correlation between
      the dose of alfathesin and the measured or calculated parameters was examined.
      Ventilation was stimulated by low doses of alfathesin, a stimulation,
      characterized by tachypnoea without change in tidal volume. Deepening of
      anaesthesia was accompanied by progressively increasing depression of respiration
      (diminution of VE, of frequency, of VT/TI and increase of PaCO2 and of the
      duration of apnoea). The mechanisms of the initial stimulation of ventilation and
      of respiratory depression are discussed. The authors conclude that the action of
      alfathesin on the central nervous system is biphasic, with stimulation during
      light anaesthesia followed by depression with associated depression of
      ventilation, despite increasing hypoxia and hypercapnia.

PMID- 6814738
TI  - Genetic variations in bilirubin metabolism of neonates.

PMID- 6814739
TI  - Angioedema provoked by olfactory stimuli.

PMID- 6814740
TI  - Costs and "benefits" of cigarette smoking in Canada.

PMID- 6814741
TI  - Angioedema-like skin lesions associated with lymphoproliferative disease.

PMID- 6814742
TI  - The influence of an employee fitness and lifestyle modification program upon
      medical care costs.

PMID- 6814743
TI  - Grand mal seizures and amoxapine.

PMID- 6814744
TI  - The challenge of treating eating disorders. Part one: the role of the nurse at
      the bedside.

PMID- 6814745
TI  - Induction of microsomal enzymes by foreign chemicals and carcinogenesis by
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: G. H. A. Clowes Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 6814746
TI  - Influence of underfeeding during the "critical period" or thereafter on
      carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats.
AB  - Normal cycling virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into different
      treatment groups and subjected to half ad libitum feed intake for 2 or 4 weeks at
      consecutive periods of time before and/or after administration of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and then were returned to full-feed. All rats at
      the end of their respective under-feeding periods showed reductions in serum
      prolactin and cessation of estrous cycles. However, only rats underfed 1 week
      prior to and 1 week after DMBA administration showed significant reductions in
      mammary tumorigenesis or the entire 21 weeks of the experiment when compared to
      full-feed controls. Rat groups underfed during subsequent weeks after DMBA
      administration showed no alterations in mammary tumor development as compared to
      full-fed controls. These results demonstrate that inhibition and perhaps
      permanent suppression of mammary tumorigenesis occurred only in rats underfed 1
      week before and 1 week after DMBA administration. The inhibitory effects produced
      by this under-feeding regimen on mammary tumorigenesis may be mediated by
      suppression of prolactin and estrogen secretion.

PMID- 6814749
TI  - Effect of phorbol esters on alloimmune cytolysis.
AB  - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) profoundly affects
      cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity. Alloimmune C57BL/6 (H-2b anti-H-2d) cytolytic
      splenocytes treated with TPA, 0.3 to 3.0 ng/ml, killed specific P815 (H-2d)
      targets significantly better than did untreated controls as measured in 4-hr 51Cr
      release microcytotoxicity assay. Higher concentrations of TPA in the 30- to 100
      ng/ml range significantly inhibited cytolytic function. The non-tumor-promoting
      analog, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, failed to affect killing at all doses
      tested. TPA-induced augmentation of cytolytic function requires an
      immunologically sensitized splenocyte population, since normal nonimmunized
      splenocytes treated with TPA did not kill target cells. Furthermore, treatment of
      splenocytes with anti-Thy 1,2 antibody and complement abrogated killing,
      indicating that T-lymphocytes mediate the killing. The TPA-induced effect does
      not require macrophage-like cells, since augmented killing occurred despite the
      removal of glass-adherent or iron-phagocytosing cells. Finally, the cytolytically
      augmented effector cells remain immunologically specific, since the nonspecific
      targets, syngeneic EL4 (H-2b) and third-party L929 (H-2k), are not killed. Thus,
      low levels of TPA augment the cytolytic ability of alloimmune T-lymphocytes
      against their specific target cells.

PMID- 6814747
TI  - Effect of short-term feeding of sodium selenite on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
      induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.
AB  - The inhibitory activity of short-term feeding of one of four concentrations of
      dietary selenium against the induction of mammary gland carcinomas by 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. When
      28 days old, the animals were placed on a Torula yeast diet formulation which
      contained, by analysis, either 0.05, 0.15, 1.05, or 2.06 microgram of selenium,
      as sodium selenite, per g of diet. Mammary cancer was induced by a single p.o.
      administration of either 7.5 or 15.0 mg DMBA at 50 days of age. The animals were
      maintained on the above diets until 14 days after carcinogen treatment at which
      time all animals were transferred to a chow diet containing 0.21 microgram of
      selenium per g of diet. The study was terminated 120 days after DMBA
      administration. The concentrations of selenium in the liver and mammary tissue
      measured at the time of DMBA treatment increased with increasing levels of
      dietary selenium (p less than 0.05). At the low dose of DMBA, there was a trend
      towards reduction in the number of cancers with increased amounts of selenium,
      but the only significant difference occurred between groups fed the next to
      lowest and the highest level of selenium. At the high dose of DMBA, the number of
      observed cancers showed a strong dose effect (p less than 0.05). In addition,
      tumor load was significantly reduced in selenium-supplemented rats (p less than
      0.05), and there was a significant delay (p less than 0.05) in the time to
      appearance of the cancers of animals receiving the highest level of selenium when
      compared with those receiving the lowest level. The dietary concentrations of
      selenium shown to inhibit the early stage(s) of cancer induction in this system
      were both significantly lower and fed for a shorter time interval than that which
      was previously reported.

PMID- 6814748
TI  - An unusual transfer RNA (guanine-2-)-methyltransferase from transplantable rat
      mammary tumors.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that (guanine-2-)-methyltransferase activity in
      extracts from 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors differs
      from that of nonneoplastic mammary tissue. In this report, we explore further the
      nature of these differences by purification and characterization of the two major
      transfer RNA (tRNA) (guanine-2-)-methyltransferases from transplantable mammary
      tumors and proliferating mammary glands from pregnant rats. The position 10
      specific (guanine-2-)-methyltransferases (2mGI) from proliferating rat mammary
      gland and mammary tumor were found to have similar properties with respect to
      molecular weight, substrate specificity, and elution behavior on ion-exchange
      columns. In addition, no tissue-specific differences were observed when the
      mammary tumor and mammary gland 2mGI activities were compared with those of
      purified rat liver enzyme. In contrast, the position 26-specific (guanine-2-)
      methyltransferase (2mGII) from mammary tumors was seen to possess properties
      different from both the nontumorous mammary gland and liver enzyme. The tumor
      2mGII activity showed unusual elution behavior on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex,
      eluting along with the 2mGI activity. A small difference in molecular weight was
      detected between tumor and nontumorous 2mGII activities. Examination of the tumor
      enzyme in comparison with the well-characterized 2mGII from rat liver indicated
      that the mammary tumor 2mGII methylated a broader range of tRNA substrates. In
      particular, mature yeast phenylalanine-specific tRNA, which is methylated in vivo
      at all major eukaryotic methylation sites and should not be a substrate for
      eukaryotic methylating enzymes in vitro, could be methylated at low levels by the
      tumor enzyme. Two-dimensional electrophoretic fingerprint maps of T1 RNase
      digested phenylalanine-specific tRNA from Escherichia coli methylated in vitro
      showed the presence of a methylated oligonucleotide which could not be correlated
      with normal sites of methylation on the tRNA. From these results, it appears that
      the mammary tumor 2mGII can methylate at some unusual site(s) on the tRNA
      molecule.

PMID- 6814750
TI  - Delayed sensitization to heat by inhibitors of polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes.
AB  - Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells to the enzyme inhibitors methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) results in increased
      sensitivity to hyperthermia. While methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
      demonstrates pronounced cytotoxicity at moderate extracellular concentrations,
      DFMO is tolerated well by this cell line at concentrations of up to 10 mM, as
      assayed by clonogenic survival after treatments at 37 degrees. An 8-hr
      preincubation at 37 degrees with either drug elicits increasing sensitivity to 43
      degrees hyperthermia treatments with time after removal of the drug. In contrast
      to results obtained by heating in the presence of the drugs during the 8-hr
      exposure, DFMO acts as the more effective sensitizing agent for this delayed
      effect on progeny of DFMO-treated populations. This phenomenon seems to result
      from depletion of intracellular putrescine, because the effect can be at least
      partially recovered by providing the cells with an exogenous source of this
      diamine. The potential for in vivo heat sensitization by the non-toxic agent DFMO
      has yet to be investigated but may have intriguing clinical possibilities.

PMID- 6814752
TI  - Variable effects of retinoids on two pigmenting human melanoma cell lines.
AB  - Two melanoma cell lines, each derived from a different patient with metastatic
      disease, were very similar in their appearance, their growth characteristics, and
      their tendency to differentiate and to pigment in culture as they become
      confluent. These lines, UCT-Mel 1 and UCT-Mel 2, were used to study the effects
      of retinoic acid and other derivatives of vitamin A. When added to UCT-Mel 1
      cells, retinoids had only a modest effect on plasminogen activator release and
      were without measurable effect on morphology, growth, or tyrosinase synthesis. In
      contrast, when added to UCT-Mel 2 cells, retinoids appeared to induce a more
      differentiated state evident as an inhibition of cell proliferation and the
      assumption of a dendritic morphology. Paradoxically, however, retinoids caused a
      striking inhibition of the density-dependent intracellular accumulation of
      tyrosinase and melanin that was taken to represent spontaneous in vitro
      differentiation. Culture of UCT-Mel 2 cells in the presence of retinoic acid
      resulted in initial inhibition followed by marked stimulation of cellular
      plasminogen activator release. The data suggest that the manner in which
      retinoids exert their effects on cells in vitro does not depend on the
      histological origin of the tumor cells being studied but on the innate
      responsiveness of that particular cell line to the retinoid or compound in
      question.

PMID- 6814753
TI  - Monoclonal anti-MM46 antibody:ricin A chain conjugate: in vitro and in vivo
      antitumor activity.

PMID- 6814754
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of (+)-1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane intravenous
      infusions in adult cancer patients.

PMID- 6814751
TI  - Effects of sex difference and dietary protein level on the binding of aflatoxin
      B1 to rat liver chromatin proteins in vivo.
AB  - The risk of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinoma is greater in males than in females
      and is similarly higher in animals fed 20% casein diets than in those fed 5%. In
      this study, groups of male and female F344 rats were fed either a 5 or 20% casein
      diet for 6 weeks. Two hr after a 1-mg/kg i.p. dose of [3H]aflatoxin B1, animals
      were killed and four protein fractions were sequentially extracted from the liver
      chromatin of each. Within each treatment group, aflatoxin binding to nonhistones
      was greater than to histones, both before and after dialysis. Comparing
      treatments, the higher-risk factors were associated with a greater liver content
      of aflatoxin as well as with increased binding of both nondialyzable and
      dialyzable aflatoxin to the various fractions. The high degree of correlation
      between total liver content and adduct formation implicates the former as a major
      determinant of the latter. Also associated with the higher-risk factors was a
      shift in the distribution of dialyzable aflatoxin toward greater adduct formation
      with one of the nonhistone fractions, suggesting the possibility of a role for
      noncovalent aflatoxin:protein adducts in hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 6814755
TI  - (-)Deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6814756
TI  - Studies of the pharmacology of N-methylformamide in mice.
AB  - When 400 mg/kg of 14C-methyl-labeled N-methylformamide (NMF) was injected ip into
      mice, the curve for plasma concentration of radioactivity versus time was
      superimposable on the curve obtained by measuring unmetabolized NMF with gas
      liquid chromatography during the first 24 hrs. Radioactivity in plasma was
      measurable for 8 days after NMF administration, but NMF was not measurable by gas
      chromatography beyond 24 hrs after administration. Radioactivity was eliminated
      from the plasma after 60 hrs, with an apparent half-life of 71.1 hrs. Of the
      radioactivity injected with NMF, 73.6% was recovered in the urine in 24 hrs;
      26.4% of this was unchanged NMF. Three percent of the administered radioactivity
      was exhaled as 14CO2 in 7 hrs at a constant rate of 0.007% per min. One urinary
      metablite was a stable precursor of formaldehyde, which decomposed to
      formaldehyde only after alkaline hydrolysis and may well be N-(hydroxymethyl)
      formamide. The areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve were
      estimated after ip, iv, and oral administration of NMF. The bioavailability of
      NMF was 1.01 after oral administration and 1.10 after ip administration.

PMID- 6814757
TI  - Comparative trial of two teniposide-based combination chemotherapy regimens for
      the treatment of advanced malignant lymphomas.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-three patients with advanced measureable malignant
      lymphomas resistant to conventional chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively
      randomized trial of two teniposide (VM-26)-based combination chemotherapy
      regimens: V-PLAT (VM-26, cisplatin, and prednisone) and V-HEX (VM-26,
      hexamethylmelamine, and prednisone). Ninety-seven eligible and evaluable patients
      received protocol therapy. Sixteen percent of the patients had Hodgkin's disease,
      and 84% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were ambulatory (Eastern
      Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status 0, 1, or 2), 70% had stage IV
      disease, 59% had "B" symptoms, and all had failed either two or three previous
      chemotherapy regimens. Toxicity was mainly hematologic and significantly greater
      with V-PLAT. Objective tumor responses were seen in nine of 45 patients (20%)
      treated with V-PLAT (duration, 4-35 + weeks) and in four of 51 patients (8%)
      treated with V-HEX (duration, 10-65 + weeks). Among the 12 patients with
      histologically confirmed histiocytic lymphoma treated with V-PLAT, five (42%)
      experienced objective tumor responses, including two complete responses. Overall
      median survival was approximately 6 months, with no difference between treatment
      regimens. Limited antitumor activity of these combination regimens in patients
      with advanced malignant lymphomas has been demonstrated. However, the objective
      response rates were not higher than we have previously seen with either VM-26
      (22%) or hexamethylmelamine (27%) given in maximum tolerable doses as single
      agents.

PMID- 6814758
TI  - Attempted affinity-labelling of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli with
      2,6:3,4-dianhydro-1-deoxy-D-talo-hept-1-enitol.
AB  - The epoxides methyl 2,3-anhydro-beta-D-talopyranoside (1) and 2,6:3,4-dianhydro-1
      deoxy-D-talo-hept-1-enitol (2), both prepared by improved methods, and 2,6:3,4
      dianhydro-1-deoxy-D-gulo-hept-1-enitol (3) were applied as potential reagents for
      the affinity labelling of E. coli beta-D-galactosidase. Compounds 1 and 3 are
      ineffective as labelling reagents, whereas compound 2 irreversibly inhibits the
      enzyme activity. Deactivation is complete only when high concentrations (0.5M) of
      the inhibitor are applied over a relatively long period of time (24 h).
      Saturation kinetics cannot be observed. Nevertheless, the competitive inhibitor
      isopropyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside protects the enzyme from irreversible
      deactivation by 2, indicating that the latter also reacts with the active site.
      Treatment of beta-D-galactosidase with 2,6:3,4-dianhydro-1-deoxy-D-talo-[4
      3H]hept-1-enitol under conditions that effect deactivation of the enzyme to only
      a minor extent causes labelling of the protein at the molar ratio of 48:1.
      Specific, radioaffinity labelling of the active site of the enzyme cannot be thus
      achieved.

PMID- 6814759
TI  - Isolation and enrichment of the gastric chief cells of the rat.
AB  - The isolation and enrichment of the gastric chief cells of the rat are described.
      Ultrastructural examination showed 85% enrichment from a mixed population of
      mucosal cells following their centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll
      gradient. When compared to homogenates of the initial mixed cell population, the
      enriched chief cell population showed over a three-fold increase in pepsin(ogen)
      content. Preliminary experiments showed that a combination of the secretagogues
      histamine and carbamylcholine caused a significant increase in pepsin release
      from enriched chief cell preparations and a concomitant decrease in their pepsin
      content as compared to untreated cells. The results obtained in this study
      indicate the feasibility of employing this procedure for the isolation of gastric
      chief cells for the in vitro study of secretagogue regulation of pepsin
      secretion.

PMID- 6814760
TI  - Role of calcium in the regulation of sugar transport in the avian erythrocyte:
      effects of the calcium ionophore, A23187.
AB  - The tissue/medium distribution of the nonmetabolized glucose analog [14C]-3-O
      methyl-D-glucose was measured in pigeon erythrocytes and related to changes in
      45Ca uptake and efflux, total calcium content and ATP levels. Sugar transport was
      not affected by changes in external Ca2+. However, both sugar and 45Ca influx
      were increased by the Ca-ionophore A23187. In the absence of external Ca2+, the
      ionophore caused a delayed increase in sugar transport and net loss of calcium,
      probably through releasing Ca2+ from internal storage sites into the cytoplasm.
      Increasing internal Na+ through Na+ pump inhibition or using the sodium ionophore
      monensin did not alter influx of sugar or 45Ca, indicating Na+-Ca2+ exchange was
      absent in these cells. The results are consistent with A23187 causing increased
      Ca2+ influx or release from mitochondrial storage and the resulting rise in
      cytoplasmic Ca2+ stimulating hexose transport. Experiments with low Mg++ and high
      K+ media and measurements of ATP levels exclude alternative explanations for the
      action of A23187. We conclude that sugar transport regulation in avian
      erythrocytes is Ca2+-dependent and resembles that in muscle in its basic
      mechanism. It differs in the response to some modulating agents, largely because
      of a different pattern of Ca2+ fluxes in these cells.

PMID- 6814761
TI  - The inside and outside of gap-junction membranes visualized by deep etching.
AB  - We have viewed the membrane specializations that occur at gap junctions from the
      inside and outside of cells in replicas of quick-frozen and deep-etched samples.
      Gap junctions were split to expose the normally apposed outside surfaces of their
      membranes, which displayed uniform 8-9 nm protrusions with central pores. Such
      pores were also observed in the protoplasmic-face particles of freeze-fractured
      gap junctions, even after the junctions were induced to crystallize by treatment
      with metabolic inhibitors or by homogenization. Crystallized junctions have been
      shown to be in the closed, high-resistance state; hence the channel-closing
      mechanism must not be located in the regions viewed so far. In washed-out broken
      cells, the inner surfaces of gap junctions possess smooth surfaces with no
      visible pores. These surfaces are devoid of special undercoatings of cytoskeletal
      elements, suggesting that crystallization observed during uncoupling is an
      intramembrane phenomenon. Hypertonicity, in itself, may produce the same sort of
      hexagonal crystallization of gap-junction components that is usually observed
      after uncoupling.

PMID- 6814762
TI  - A polypeptide domain that specifies migration of nucleoplasmin into the nucleus.
AB  - Nucleoplasmin is the most abundant protein of the nucleus of Xenopus laevis
      oocytes. It rapidly enters the nucleus after being injected into oocyte
      cytoplasm. Partial proteolysis of the nucleoplasmin pentamer reveals two
      structural domains within each subunit: a relatively exposed "tail" and a
      protected "core." When all the "tails" have been removed from the pentamer the
      residual "core" remains pentameric. This pentameric core fails to enter the
      nucleus, remaining stably in the cytoplasm. A single tail region attached to the
      pentamer is sufficient to transport it into the nucleus. The rate of accumulation
      in the nucleus, but not its final extent, depends on the number of tails per
      pentamer. The detached (monomeric) tails rapidly accumulate in the oocyte
      nucleus, indicating that the tail structure is sufficient for selective
      accumulation. Pentameric cores diffuse throughout the nucleus but are retained
      when microinjected into the nucleus, indicating that the tail is necessary for
      entry but not for retention within the nucleus. An improved method for
      purification of nucleoplasmin is also described.

PMID- 6814763
TI  - A regulatory upstream promoter element in the Drosophila hsp 70 heat-shock gene.
AB  - Deletion mutants of the Drosophila hsp 70 heat-shock gene have been assayed in
      COS cells using a vector that contains an SV40 replication origin. COS cells are
      SV40-transformed monkey cells that support high-level replication of the vector.
      S1 mapping of transcripts shows that the hsp 70 gene is heat-inducible in these
      cells, whereas the herpes virus thymidine kinase gene is not. Residues -10 to -66
      of the hsp 70 gene are apparently sufficient for heat-inducible promotion, and
      residues between -47 and -66 are necessary. This region upstream of the TATA box
      contains sequence features common to other heat-shock genes. Expression of the
      hsp 70 gene can be forced at low temperature by SV40 sequences that include the
      72 bp repeat, but only if these are present on the 5' side of the gene. It seems
      that the upstream element of the hsp 70 promoter is analogous to that of other
      promoters, but is only functional in heat-shocked cells.

PMID- 6814764
TI  - Cell surface expression of the influenza virus hemagglutinin requires the
      hydrophobic carboxy-terminal sequences.
AB  - We investigated the requirements of the carboxyterminal sequence for surface
      expression of the influenza viral hemagglutinin (HA). Deletions in the cloned
      hemagglutinin gene were introduced at locations upstream from and spanning into
      the region that codes for the hydrophobic carboxyl terminus. Primate cells
      infected with recombinants of the deleted HA gene and an SV40 vector were
      negative for surface immunofluorescence and failed to adsorb erythrocytes.
      Polypeptide analysis showed that the mutant hemagglutinins lacking the normal
      hydrophobic carboxy-terminal sequences were secreted into the medium. These data
      provide evidence that these sequences of the influenza hemagglutinin are
      responsible for accumulation at the cell surface. During infection with each
      deletion mutant, a truncated HA polypeptide was found intracellularly. Both
      intracellular and extracellular HAs were glycosylated, since a third species
      representing the unglycosylated mutant hemagglutinin was detected in the presence
      of tunicamycin. Interestingly, the secreted and intracellular mutant HA
      polypeptides differ from the surface HA in their sensitivity to endoglycosidase
      H, indicating that an alteration of glycosylation has occurred.

PMID- 6814765
TI  - Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila: evidence for a macromolecule produced by
      the su(s)+ locus that inhibits sepiapterin synthase.
AB  - Genetic suppression was studied in the purple mutant of Drosophila melanogaster
      and in suppressed purple by measurement of sepiapterin synthase activity. The
      addition of ammonium sulfate fractions from adult Drosophila that contain one,
      two, three or four doses of su(s)+ to the suppressed purple sepiapterin synthase
      resulted in an inhibition that increased progressively as the dosage of su(s)+
      increased; the wild-type sepiapterin synthase was not inhibited. This inhibition
      is caused by a heat-labile macromolecule. We suggest that the mechanism of
      suppression is neither transcriptional nor translational but is the result of
      decreased amounts, or altered properties, of the normal product of the su(s)+
      locus when su(s)+ is replaced by su(s)2 or su(s)e6.

PMID- 6814766
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of monoclonal antibody to Ly antigens on immunity to
      infection.

PMID- 6814767
TI  - Antibody responses to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L
      tyrosine10 (GAT) in microcultures: anti-hapten and anti-carrier responses appear
      to be under separable control.

PMID- 6814768
TI  - Induction of autorosette-forming cells from human peripheral lymphocytes by
      several T-cell mitogens.

PMID- 6814769
TI  - Patients in long-term care facilities: an underserved population.

PMID- 6814770
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in nucleolus and nucleoplasm demonstrated
      autoradiographically with tritium-labeled alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

PMID- 6814771
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition in children with infection].

PMID- 6814772
TI  - Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled amino acids as radiopharmaceuticals. III. 99mTc
      complexes of ligands related to ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid for tumor
      visualization.

PMID- 6814773
TI  - Effect of platelet activating factor on leukocytes. II. Enhancement of eosinophil
      chemotactic factor and beta-glucuronidase release.
AB  - Synthetic 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (PAF) and 1-O
      alkyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (lyso-PAF) have previously been shown to
      induce chemotaxis and chemokinesis of human neutrophils. We present here data
      showing that these agents are inactive by themselves, but that they enhance
      neutrophil secretion once it has been initiated by a calcium ionophore or by
      zymosan. Two substances, the lipid eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) and the
      lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, are used as markers for neutrophil release.
      PAF augments secretion of both substances in a dose-dependent fashion, with lyso
      PAF being less potent. The kinetics of enhancement are very rapid (less than 2
      min) and are not reversible by washing of the cells. A pyrazoline derivative that
      inhibits arachidonate cyclo-oxygenation and lipoxygenation, reduces the enhancing
      effect of PAF and lyso-PAF. PAF, and less so lyso-PAF, are thus potentially
      important modulators of neutrophil secretion during inflammatory processes.

PMID- 6814774
TI  - Epidemiological models of poliomyelitis and measles and their application in the
      planning of immunization programmes.
AB  - This report describes the construction and application of epidemiological models
      of measles and poliomyelitis. In these models, epidemiological classes and their
      age structure have been based on the natural history of these diseases in the
      population aged 0 - 19 years. The flow of the population through the classes has
      been expressed as an equation system suitable for computer interpretation. The
      models have been used to simulate both the natural course of the diseases and the
      effect of various immunization schemes. The models were also used to explore
      prospects for control and eradication of these diseases with specific
      immunization programmes, and their relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
      are discussed.

PMID- 6814775
TI  - Immunity in tuberculosis.

PMID- 6814776
TI  - Recent developments in the field of Chagas' disease.
AB  - Chagas' disease is an endemic human trypanosomiasis produced by Trypanosoma
      cruzi, which is usually transmitted by blood-sucking triatomid bugs. This article
      reports recent developments in research on Chagas' disease and outlines some of
      the basic investigations that have immediate practical application or that
      contribute to our knowledge of the parasite and its relationship with the
      vertebrate host.Much progress has been made recently in the development of
      techniques for characterization of T. cruzi strains, e.g., isoenzyme
      electrophoresis and analysis of kinetoplast DNA, and in research on the
      biochemistry of the parasite. Studies on membrane components have detected a
      number of distinct surface glycoproteins which may be important in the
      interaction between parasite and host cells. New methods of investigating
      ultrastructural membrane components are also being developed.There is a great
      need for an animal model in which T. cruzi induces a chronic infection resembling
      the human disease. Recent work has shown that the rabbit could be a suitable
      model; monkeys, dogs, and mice are also susceptible to T. cruzi but may not be
      useful as a model of the disease in man.A number of serological tests are
      available for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease, e.g., complement-fixation test,
      immunofluorescence, ELISA haemagglutination, direct agglutination. However, both
      tests and reagents need to be standardized and active reference centres are
      necessary to help improve the reliability of the reactions in the different
      endemic areas.

PMID- 6814778
TI  - Tissue, sex, and animal species specificity of aflatoxin B1 inhibition of nuclear
      RNA polymerase II activity.
AB  - Recent studies from this laboratory have shown that several chemical carcinogens,
      i.e., aflatoxin B1, N-OH-2-acetyl-aminofluorene, actinomycin D, and
      methylazoxymethanol acetate, when administered in vivo, have all produced a
      selective and dramatic inhibition of rat liver nuclear RNA polymerase II
      activity. To determine whether this inhibition is related to carcinogenesis,
      aflatoxin B1 is used as a model system to test tissue, sex, and animal species
      specificity that is known to be characteristic of carcinogenesis. The results
      show that aflatoxin B1 (3 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 2h) inhibits RNA polymerase II
      activity only in the target tissue, liver, and not in the non-target tissues,
      e.g., lung and brain. It inhibits liver RNA polymerase II activity preferentially
      in male over female rats, and has no effect on mouse liver RNA polymerase II
      activity. These results are in good agreement with the specificities of aflatoxin
      B1 carcinogenesis in the whole animal systems. Furthermore, with the four
      principal aflatoxins tested, the order of inhibitor effect on RNA polymerase II
      is: B1 greater than G1 greater than B2, G2. It is concluded, therefore, that the
      inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity and carcinogenesis are likely to be
      related and that it is theoretically sound to use this inhibition as a diagnostic
      tool to screen potential carcinogens.

PMID- 6814777
TI  - Cost-effectiveness appraisal of immunization programmes.

PMID- 6814779
TI  - Factors affecting the response of N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the Ames
      microbial mutation assay.
AB  - The mutagenicity of N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) is difficult to demonstrate
      in Ames' test. Usually there are specific requirements for activation by post
      mitochondrial supernatant fluid (S-9) from Aroclor-treated rat livers and the pre
      incubation modification of the test. Results from this laboratory suggest,
      however, that pre-incubation is not essential; also, that, contrary to published
      reports, concentrations of S-9 greater than 10% in S-9 mix do not reduce the
      mutagenic response. Induction of enzyme activity well above normal levels, on the
      other hand, is necessary, but this requirement can be substituted by the addition
      of norharman. If a competent S-9 mix is used, pre-incubation with or without
      shaking does not alter the response and supplementation with ATP or NADH
      similarly has no effect. It is concluded that interlaboratory differences in the
      ability to demonstrate DAB mutagenicity reflect differences in the level of
      induction of liver enzymes and, possibly, the concentration of endogenous co
      factors.

PMID- 6814781
TI  - Lysines of histone 1 represent the principal target for covalent binding of
      microsomally activated benzo[a]pyrene in vitro.
AB  - The principal target amino acid residue for covalent binding of metabolically
      activated [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to histone 1 (H1) has been identified.
      Highly purified calf thymus H1 was modified by incubation with [3H]B[a]P in the
      presence of rat liver microsomes. The relative distribution of [3H]B[a]P versus
      specific amino acids among the N-bromo-succinimide peptides of H1 suggested that
      lysine may be the target. This was tested by selectively blocking the
      nucleophilic amino groups of lysine by amidination prior to [3H]B[a]P binding.
      Increasing levels of amidination of H1 resulted in corresponding decreases in the
      reactivity of this histone toward [3H]B[a]P. Amidination of 93% of the lysines
      blocked 87% of the [3H]B[a]P binding indicating that lysine was the principal
      target. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of [3H]B[a]P-modified H1 confirmed that
      lysine residues had bound [3H]B[a]P.

PMID- 6814780
TI  - 3-Methylcholanthrene-inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat due to 3'
      methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene or 2-acetylamino-fluorene: a comparative study.
AB  - Male Leeds strain rats were given a diet containing either 0.06% 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) or 0.05% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), alone
      or together with 0.0067% 3-methylcholanthrene (MeCh). MeCh both reduced the
      incidence of hepatic neoplasms induced by 3'-MeDAB and delayed their development.
      With 2-AAF, however, inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis by MeCh only appeared to
      operate during the period of treatment; thereafter the incidence of tumours rose
      rapidly and this was accentuated if dietary MeCh continued to be administered
      after the period of combined 2-AAF and MeCh treatment, suggesting a secondary,
      promoting effect of MeCH. In contrast, the inhibition by MeCh of carcinogenesis
      of Zymbal's gland due to 2-AAF was almost complete. Thus, in the long term MeCh
      has different effects upon 3'-MeDAB and 2-AAF carcinogenesis in the rat liver.

PMID- 6814782
TI  - Arteriosclerosis in normal and von Willebrand pigs: long-term prospective study
      and aortic transplantation study.
AB  - In a long-term prospective study, five normal control pigs and five pigs with
      homozygous von Willebrand's disease received a nonfatty diet from age 3 months to
      4 years; then the aortas were analyzed. The fibrous arteriosclerotic plaques in
      the distal abdominal aortic region involved an average of 28% of the surface area
      in control pigs and only 7% of the surface area in pigs with von Willebrand's
      disease (P less than 0.01). In a subsequent study of 3-month-old pigs, the distal
      abdominal aortic segments from nine normal pigs were cross-transplanted with
      segments from nine other normal pigs (control study), and aortic segments from
      four normal pigs were transplanted into four host pigs with von Willebrand's
      disease (exchange study). All pigs received a 2% cholesterol diet for up to 6
      months; then the transplanted aortic segments were analyzed. The donor normal
      aortic segments in the host normal pigs developed arteriosclerosis that involved
      an average of 20% of the surface; the endothelial fluorescent pattern of von
      Willebrand factor was identified. In contrast, the donor normal aortic segments
      in the host pigs with von Willebrand's disease had arteriosclerosis that involved
      an average of only 4% of the surface (P less than 0.01); the endothelial cell von
      Willebrand factor was not identified. The long-term prospective study indicates
      that pigs with von Willebrand's disease are resistant to the development of
      spontaneous arteriosclerosis. The aortic transplantation data are compatible with
      the hypothesis that the absence of von Willebrand factor in pigs with von
      Willebrand's disease may cause impairment of platelet-arterial wall interaction
      and resistance to arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 6814783
TI  - Perioperative myocardial infarction: late clinical course after coronary artery
      bypass surgery.

PMID- 6814785
TI  - Arterial-venous nitroglycerin gradient during intravenous infusion in man.
AB  - We assessed the concentration of nitroglycerin (GTN) measured in plasma at
      different sampling sites in the circulation during a constant i.v. infusion.
      Twenty patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure underwent hemodynamic
      monitoring during i.v. GTN infusion. Our end point was a reduction in pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure by at least 25% of its control value or a 10-fold
      increment over the initial infusion rate. Nitroglycerin infusion produced no
      change in heart rate, a reduction in mean arterial pressure from 90 +/- 21 (+/-
      SD) to 83 +/- 17 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), a fall in total peripheral resistance
      from 24.3 +/- 10.8 to 20.8 +/- 7.0 units (p less than 0.02), and a substantial
      reduction in both pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 27 +/- 6 to 20 +/- 6
      mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and right atrial pressure (from 12 +/- 4 to 8 +/- 4 mm
      Hg, p less than 0.001). The concentrations of GTN in the pulmonary artery and
      systemic artery were similar (29.8 ng/ml +/- 52.8 and 25.1 +/- 48.4 ng/ml,
      respectively) and considerably higher than the concentration in the peripheral
      vein (7.3 +/- 15.4 ng/ml). There was a 17.4 +/- 19.1% extraction of GTN across
      the pulmonary vascular bed and a 60.8 +/- 27.2% extraction across the arterial
      venous bed (p less than 0.001). There was no relationship between the arterial
      venous extraction and the magnitude of arterial plasma (GTN concentration, the
      duration of the infusion of GTN or the total dose administered. These data show
      that a better understanding of GTN pharmacokinetics is provided by simultaneous
      arterial and venous samples.

PMID- 6814784
TI  - Antiarrhythmic drug combinations in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Combinations of antiarrhythmic drugs are frequently used to treat refractory
      ventricular tachycardia (VT), but few scientific data support this practice. We
      examined the efficacy and electrophysiology of 110 antiarrhythmic drug
      combination trials at electrophysiologic study in 74 patients with recurrent
      ventricular tachycardia. Lidocaine was combined with quinidine in 33 trials,
      procainamide in 22 and encainide in 20. Propranolol was combined with quinidine
      in 17 trials, procainamide in 12 and encainide in six. All individual drugs
      tested (except propranolol, which was usually not tested individually) had failed
      at electrophysiologic study or clinically in the presence of usually accepted
      plasma concentrations. Lidocaine in combination with quinidine was effective in
      3% of the trials, with procanamide in 5% and with encainide in none of the
      trials. Propranolol in combination with quinidine was effective in 18% of the
      trials, with procainamide in 17% and with encainide in none of the trials. The
      electrophysiologic effects of the tested drug combinations were dominated by the
      individual effects of the type 1 antiarrhythmic agents. We conclude that the
      tested antiarrhythmic drug combinations are infrequently effective in preventing
      VT induction at electrophysiologic study when each agent has failed individually.
      The addition of lidocaine or propranolol to quinidine, procainamide or encainide
      does not produce significant synergistic or new effects on the electrophysiologic
      variables analyzed.

PMID- 6814786
TI  - Relationship of education to major risk factors and death from coronary heart
      disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes, Findings of three Chicago
      epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 6814787
TI  - Ketotifen in childhood allergic disease.

PMID- 6814788
TI  - Protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus as the solid phase in an enzyme
      immunoassay and its application to determination of urinary albumin.
AB  - Protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus was used as a solid-phase matrix in a
      sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay for urinary albumin. Heat-inactivated, formalin
      fixed bacteria were coated with affinity-purified goat anti-human albumin,
      exposed to solutions containing standard or unknown concentrations of albumin,
      then challenged with an alkaline phosphatase/anti-human albumin conjugate
      obtained by periodate oxidation. Alkaline phosphatase activity bound to the
      bacteria was a function of albumin concentration from 25 to 1000 micrograms/L.
      This assay was applied to determinations of urinary albumin concentrations
      between 1.25 and 1000 mg/L. Between-run CV was 2.55 (63.9 mg/L concentration).
      Within-run CVs for albumin concentrations of 1.9, 38.1, and 638.0 mg/L were 3.7,
      3.7, and 2.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery was 95 to 107% across the full
      working range of the assay. Bence Jones proteins and hemoglobin had no
      significant effect on the assay. Nonspecific binding of the enzyme-antibody
      conjugate was 1.3% (SD = 0.7%). Values agreed well with those by radial
      immunodiffusion.

PMID- 6814789
TI  - Sodium measurements in multiple myeloma: two techniques compared.
AB  - Sodium was determined by flame photometry and by direct potentiometry in 56 serum
      or plasma samples from 24 patients with multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia. We
      observed differences between the two techniques as large as 17 mmol/L (12%). The
      flame-photometric values decreased relative to the direct-potentiometric values
      as protein increased or water content decreased. Moreover, the two sodium
      measurements could not be interconverted simply on the basis of correcting for
      protein or water content. There was significantly lower residual variance (p less
      than 0.005) when the direct-potentiometric sodium values were compared with the
      osmolality (corrected for the influence of glucose and urea nitrogen) than when
      the flame-photometric values for sodium were so compared. We conclude that direct
      potentiometric measurements of sodium in patients with multiple myeloma gives
      clinically relevant results but flame photometry does not. Clearly, the method by
      which sodium is measured in patients with multiple myeloma must be considered if
      results are to be interpreted correctly.

PMID- 6814790
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of thyroxin-binding globulin.
AB  - We describe a new double-antibody enzyme radioimmunoassay for thyroxin-binding
      globulin (TBG) in serum. A TBG-beta-D-galactosidase complex was prepared with m
      maleimidobenzoyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The mean analytical recovery of TBG
      added to serum was 99%, sample volume and TBG value were linearly related, and
      values for TBG determined by this method and those determined by radioimmunoassay
      correlated well (r = 0.98). Coefficients of variation averaged 7.6% within assay,
      6.6% between assay. The measurable range of TBG in the serum was 3.3 to 52 mg/L,
      but higher TBG concentrations could be measured by diluting the test serum with
      TBG-free serum. Mean (and SD) serum TBG concentrations as determined by this
      method were as follows: for 20 normal subjects, 21.2 (3.7) mg/L; for 10 pregnant
      women, 50.1 (9.5 mg/L; and for 10 patients with TBG deficiency, not detectable.

PMID- 6814791
TI  - Colorimetric assays for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-D-galactosidase
      in human urine using newly-developed omega-nitrostyryl substrates.
AB  - (1) The synthesis of 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta
      D-glucopyranoside (MNP-GlcNAc) and 2-methoxy-4-(2'nitrovinyl)-phenyl beta-D
      galactopyranoside (MNP-Gal) as substrates for the assay of NAG and beta-d
      galactosidase are described. (2) beta-Glycosidase activities were determined in
      random urine samples from normal males and females aged between 12 and 87 years
      and patients with renal disease. (3) Both the MNP N-acetylglucosaminide and MNP
      galactoside were stable indefinitely, if stored in the solid state at 4 degree C
      in the dark. (4) The effect of urinary inhibitors was minimized by diluting the
      urine in the assay procedure. A simple assay procedure has been developed using
      MNP substrates. A good correlation was found with established assays using 4
      methylumbelliferyl and p-nitrophenyl glycosides. (5) The assay was readily
      automated and a good correlation was found between the automated and manual
      methods. (6) The assay of urinary glycosidase activity with MNP substrates is
      simple to perform and has been used successfully in the clinical chemistry
      laboratory.

PMID- 6814792
TI  - A sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human growth hormone in serum using anti-human
      growth hormone IgG-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate.
AB  - A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of human growth hormone in
      serum was developed using antibody IgG-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate and
      antibody IgG-coated silicone rubber rods. The sensitivity of the assay was 4
      pg/tube, which corresponded to 0.4 ng/ml, when 10 microliters of serum was used.
      The assay system showed little cross-reaction to other human pituitary hormones
      including prolactin, thyroid-stimulating, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing
      hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin. The coefficients of variation for
      different levels of serum hGH ranged from 5.8-9.3% and 6.7-14.5%, for within and
      between run, respectively. The regression equation and coefficient for
      correlation to radioimmunoassay were gamma (EIA) = 1.06 kappa (RIA) -0.22 and
      0.97 (n = 46), respectively.

PMID- 6814793
TI  - A search for trace expression of placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non
      malignant human tissues: demonstration of its occurrence in lung, cervix, testis
      and thymus.
AB  - A search for placental or placental-like human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was
      made in human tissues. The tissue extracts were assayed for ALP before and after
      heating at 65 degrees C for 1 h. Trace amounts of heat-stable ALP activity
      (greater than 0.01 IU/g) were found in lung, testis, cervix and thymus. The heat
      stable ALP in these four tissues gave in Ouchterlony double diffusion plates
      lines of apparent identity with placental ALP when a rabbit anti-human placental
      antiserum was used. Inhibition studies with L-phenyl-alanine (Phe), L
      homoarginine (Har), L-phenylalanylglycylglycine (Pgg), L-leucine (Leu) and
      levamisole (Leva), were carried out on the heat-stable ALP and on the total ALP.
      The heat-stable ALPs from cervix and lung gave [I]50 values with each inhibitor
      comparable to those of placental ALP. The heat-stable ALPs froM testis and thymus
      gave [I]50 values for Leu and Pgg which were significantly different from the
      placental isoenzyme. Electrophoresis of heat-stable lung ALP from different
      individuals showed polymorphic differences similar to those seen with placental
      ALPs. Such differences were not seen with heat-stable testis ALP. We conclude
      that human non-malignant testis, cervix, lung and thymus tissues contain small
      amounts of placental or placental-like ALPs. The heat-stable ALPs in cervix and
      lung appear to have the same characteristics as placental ALP and are probably
      encoded by the same gene locus. The heat stable ALPs in testis and thymus, though
      immunologically very similar to placental ALP differ from it in inhibition
      profile and electrophoretically. The significance of the results in relation to
      the "ectopic' expression of placental and placental-like ALPs in malignancy is
      discussed.

PMID- 6814794
TI  - Relationship of changes in serum concentrations of prolactin and testosterone
      during dopaminergic modulation in males.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of PRL on the male pituitary-gonadal system, serum
      concentrations of PRL, testosterone, LH and FSH were determined in healthy young
      men daily before, during, and after 3-day oral administration of bromocriptine,
      metoclopramide or sulpiride. Bromocriptine (2.5 mg as a single dose) caused,
      concurrently with a marked suppression of serum PRL, a significant increase of
      serum testosterone and a transient decrease of serum LH. The changes of PRL and
      testosterone were negatively correlated. With metoclopramide (10 mg q.i.d.) serum
      PRL was increased and testosterone inversely decreased. There was no change in LH
      and FSH. Sulpiride (50 mg q.i.d.) evoked the elevation of serum PRL and LH, but
      no change in testosterone. A significant increase in serum concentration of
      testosterone was also observed in a patient with PRL-producing pituitary tumour
      and four out of seven patients with acromegaly during bromocriptine treatment.
      These results suggest an inhibitory effect of PRL on testosterone secretion at
      the gonadal level, or direct dopaminergic stimulatory control of testosterone
      secretion.

PMID- 6814796
TI  - [Clinical effects of low-dose glibenclamide (1.25 mg) on type-II diabetes].

PMID- 6814795
TI  - Opiate mediation of amenorrhoea in hyperprolactinaemia and in weight-loss related
      amenorrhoea.
AB  - Endogenous opiates are involved in the control of pituitary gonadotrophin and PRL
      secretion, and possibly of food intake. Both hyperprolactinaemia and weight loss
      (especially in anorexia nervosa) are frequently associated with amenorrhoea and
      an absence of gonadotrophin pulsatility. Since it has been suggested that
      increased endogenous opiate tone may operate in both conditions, we infused high
      doses of naloxone into twelve patients with amenorrhoea of whom five had
      hyperprolactinaemia and seven had weight-loss related amenorrhoea. Eleven of the
      twelve patients had low levels of oestradiol (less than 50 pmol/l). Naloxone
      induced a marked rise in both LH and FSH levels in all of the five
      hyperprolactinaemic patients. In contrast, the patients with weight-loss
      amenorrhoea responded to naloxone with only a small or no rise in gonadotrophins.
      There was no consistent change in PRL in either group of patients. It is
      concluded that in hyperprolactinaemia, but not weight-loss amenorrhoea, there is
      an important endogenous opiate-mediated tonic inhibition of secretion of
      hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone.

PMID- 6814797
TI  - Pancreas transplantation.
AB  - Between December, 1966 and October, 1981, 183 pancreas transplants were performed
      in attempts to correct the metabolic defect in 171 insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients. Nearly half of the transplants have been performed in the last two
      years. Currently, 20 patients have functioning grafts and are insulin
      independent. Twelve grafts (including six current ones) functioned for more than
      a year (the longest for four years). A variety of techniques have been used to
      drain or suppress the secretions of the exocrine pancreas; the most frequent
      method is injection of the pancreatic duct with a synthetic polymer. In most
      patients carbohydrate metabolism has been normal or nearly normal while the graft
      was functioning. Although the technical problems are not entirely solved, the
      major cause of graft failure has been rejection. The need for antirejection
      therapy has limited the application of pancreas transplantation to diabetic renal
      allograft recipients or to non-uraemic patients whose complications of diabetes
      are, or predictably will be, worse than the side- effects of chronic
      immunosuppression. If consistently effective methods to suppress the immune
      response of the recipient to donor histocompatibility antigens are developed,
      pancreas transplantation could be applied to a wider variety of diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 6814798
TI  - Hormonal replacement and sexuality in men.
AB  - Only in the last few years has the scientific study of hormonal replacement
      therapy for hyposexuality begun in earnest with the advent of appropriately
      controlled experiment studies. Dose-response relationships can be demonstrated
      between testosterone (T) and sexual measures, but these have not yet been
      investigated in detail. Some aspects of sexual function are maintained in the
      presence of androgen levels well below the normal range, but preliminary evidence
      suggests that within a normal population high levels of T are correlated with
      more vigorous responses to visual erotic stimuli. Though T (and to a greater
      extent free T) declines with aging in parallel with the decline of sexual
      function, these hormonal changes contribute only to a minor extent to the
      behavioural change. Some non-aromatizable androgens may be less effective in
      stimulating sexual behaviour than T, but initial data on effects of
      dihydrotestosterone suggests that the capacity of an androgen to be aromatized
      (converted to oestrogen) is not a requirement for its sexual action. While T
      apparently increases the incidence of all types of male sexual activity, recent
      data contradict the belief that it directly facilitates the erectile mechanism in
      men, even though erection frequency is greatly reduced in untreated hypogonadal
      men. At the present juncture, it appears that the initial action of T may be on
      libido factors which lead in turn to the stimulation of other aspects of
      sexuality. Specifically, we propose that androgen acts through stimulating
      genital sensations and/or other pleasurable awareness of sexual response rather
      than directly through cognitive processes such as sexual imagery.

PMID- 6814800
TI  - The influence of renal prostaglandins, central nervous system and NaCl on
      hypertension of Dahl S rats.

PMID- 6814799
TI  - Hormone replacement therapy and sexuality in women.

PMID- 6814801
TI  - Effect of reserpine on relaxant responses of canine femoral arterial strips.
AB  - 1. We studied relaxant responses to adenosine, glyceryl trinitrate, and
      hydralazine in control (n=5) and reserpine pretreated (1 mg/kg i.m., 24 h prior;
      n=5) canine femoral arterial strips contracted with noradrenaline. 2. Reserpine
      did not alter contractile responses to noradrenaline. 3. Reserpine pretreated
      tissues were supersensitive to glyceryl trinitrate, but not to adenosine or
      hydralazine.

PMID- 6814802
TI  - A quantitative study of indium-111-oxine platelet kinetics in acute and chronic
      renal transplant rejection.
AB  - Thirteen patients were investigated on 22 occasions at times varying from 1 day
      to 10 years after living family donor or cadaver renal transplantation. Platelet
      survival in the circulation, and in vivo platelet distribution and sites of
      deposition and sequestration was quantitatively determined with Indium-111-oxine
      (In-111-oxine) labelled platelets and a scintillation camera interfaced with a
      computer assisted imaging system. In all patients platelet survival was shortened
      and the platelet survival curve exponential. In patients with no evidence of
      transplant rejection and those with chronic rejection, there was no measurable or
      visible accumulation of labelled platelets in the kidney. The sequestration
      pattern of In-111 labelled platelets at the end of platelet life span was within
      normal limits and located in the reticuloendothelial system. In those patients
      with acute transplant rejection, platelet survival was shortened. Labelled
      platelets accumulated in the kidney: this was clearly visualized on scintigraphy
      and reflected by a significant increase in the radioactivity count density of the
      kidney. Platelets not deposited in the transplant were sequestrated in the
      reticuloendothelial system. This study demonstrates the diagnostic value of In
      111 labelled platelet kinetics in the investigation of acute renal failure after
      renal transplantation. This investigation appears of limited clinical value in
      chronic rejection.

PMID- 6814803
TI  - Cadmium telluride detectors in the external measurement of glomerular filtration
      rate using 99mTc-DTPA (Sn): comparison with 51Cr-EDTA and 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) plasma
      sample methods.
AB  - GFR was determined in 16 patients using an external detector to monitor
      disappearance of a single injected dose of 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) simultaneously with
      determinations of GFR using plasma sample methods for 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) and 51Cr
      EDTA. Values of GFR were correlated closely between the external determinations
      of GFR and the plasma sample methods of 51Cr-EDTA and 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) with
      correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Although the external
      detector method is apparently accurate, its advantages are as yet insufficient to
      warrant its adoption as the method of choice for determination of GFR.

PMID- 6814804
TI  - Pseudarthrosis of the radius associated with neurofibromatosis. A case report.
AB  - A seven-year-old-boy with neurofibromatosis developed pseudarthrosis of the
      radius. After treatment by external electrical stimulation of the forearm failed,
      the pseudarthrosis was excised and the proximal and distal ends of the radius
      were osteotomized. The bone segments were reversed to correct the deformity and
      to place bone adjacent to the pseudarthrosis in contact with normal bone. This
      operation has not been described previously for this condition and, as in all
      previous reports, failed to produce union. Surprisingly, the excised
      pseudarthrosis showed no histologic evidence of neurofibroma or impaired
      osteoblastic function. The surrounding soft tissues may play an important role in
      the establishment and maintenance of the condition.

PMID- 6814805
TI  - Experimental hyperextension supracondylar fractures in monkeys.
AB  - Discarded monkey autopsy specimens were used to investigate the mechanism of
      supracondylar hyperextension fracture. As the fracture progressed from mild
      angulation to complete lateral or medial displacement, the anterior periosteum
      first was detached from the bone and then stripped distally before tearing over
      the edge of the proximal fragment. Stability or reduction by acute elbow flexion
      and forearm pronation, owing to compressive forces, was transmitted through the
      elbow joint on the medial side of the fracture, and stability was not
      significantly influenced by a bridging periosteal hinge or forearm musculature.
      Forearm supination and elbow flexion of less than 90 degrees resulted in less
      stability. The influence of acute elbow flexion and forearm pronation was
      diminished when the fracture was distracted by traction. Interposition of the
      anterior periosteum in displacement fractures prevented anatomic reduction.

PMID- 6814806
TI  - Quadriceps Hematoma. A prospective clinical study.
AB  - A prospective study of 60 patients with quadriceps hematomas was carried out in
      an attempt to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis, characteristics,
      and morbidity of this condition, including those patients in whom ossification
      occurs. The patients ranged in age from 15 to 25 years; thirty-six were injured
      playing rugby football. The knee was the most common site. In ten patients
      heterotopic ossification developed. The three phases of management are rest, knee
      mobilization, and restoration of quadriceps function. The average hospitalization
      period in the 28 inpatients was eight days. The average time away from work in
      the 40 employed patients was four weeks. Both hospitalization and disability
      times were greater in those patients in whom ossification developed. 99m
      Technetium-diphosphonate scanning, carried out in ten patients, was useful for
      determining the site and size of the bleed. The study has elucidated the
      epidemiology and morbidity and has been successfully used in an education
      program. Investigations to determine the localization of the hematoma and to
      predict ossification were unsuccessful.

PMID- 6814807
TI  - Visualisation of the intralaryngeal joints: a low voltage radiological study.
AB  - Low-voltage radiography of the neck was adjusted for visualisation of the crico
      arytenoid joints. Sixty-four patients (48 males, 16 females) with laryngeal
      tumours were examined. The degree of ossification in the laryngeal cartilage
      around the crico-arytenoid joints was different in the males and the females. All
      males had ossification in the plate of the cricoid, and 94% in the arytenoids.
      The articular facets on the cricoid were visible in 94%, and on the arytenoid in
      85%. All females had ossification in the arytenoids, and 94% in the plate of the
      cricoid. The articular facets on the arytenoids were visible in all females, and
      on the cricoid in 88%. One or both articular facets in the crico-arytenoid joints
      were visible in all patients, making the method useful in detecting erosive
      arthritis in the joints.

PMID- 6814808
TI  - Ventilatory patterns during steady state and progressive exercise.
AB  - This study was conducted to differentiate the ventilatory and metabolic response
      to supine exercise at low levels (VO2 less than 1000 ml/min) from the well
      documented response to high level upright exercise. Further, the respiratory
      cycle during exercise is analysed in terms of inspiratory time, flow and
      expiratory time as well as tidal volume and frequency. Using a canopy system for
      non-invasive measurement of breathing patterns and gas exchange, nine male
      subjects were studied while performing steady state (SSE) and progressive
      exercise (PRE). Work loads were: SSE 1-5 Kgm/sec for 17 min; PRE 1.5, 2.5, 3.75
      and 5.0 Kgm/sec with 2 min increments. Total work was the same (1548 Kg . m) in
      both types of exercise. With SSE tidal volume (Vt) and respiratory rate (integral
      of) rose 70% and 30%, respectively. Minute ventilation (Ve) rose 113%. With PRE,
      integral of rose during the first work level, then remained stable, while Vt and
      Ve rose with each incremental exercise level. In both cases a decrease in
      expiratory time accounted for the major component of the decrease in total cycle
      time. With the onset of exercise, the rate of increase of inspiratory time and
      respiratory frequency exceeded that of tidal volume and inspiratory flow. This
      would suggest that these two groups of parameters are controlled by separate
      mechanisms, possibly, timing being under neurogenic control and flow determined
      by humoral factors. The respiratory quotient decreased with both forms of
      exercise and remained low throughout the exercise period.

PMID- 6814809
TI  - [Plasma immunoglobulin level during total parenteral nutrition: therapeutic
      considerations].

PMID- 6814810
TI  - [Neuroendocrine factors in depression].

PMID- 6814811
TI  - Glycoproteins as tumor markers.

PMID- 6814812
TI  - Selected hemostatic abnormalities associated with neoplastic disease.

PMID- 6814813
TI  - Early manifestations of neurofibromatosis: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6814815
TI  - On projecting the number of long-stay mentally handicapped patients in West
      Berkshire hospitals.

PMID- 6814814
TI  - Diagnosis and management of Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 6814816
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of flu vaccine. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment.

PMID- 6814819
TI  - Respiratory care update! Compensation of acid-base disturbances (part IV).

PMID- 6814817
TI  - The effect of ethinyl estradiol 20 mcg and levonorgestrel 250 mcg on the
      pituitary-ovarian function during normal tablet-taking and when tablets are
      missed.
AB  - A new combined pill containing 20 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 250
      micrograms of levonorgestrel has been developed. The safety margin of this type
      of low-dose preparation needed to be assessed and this was done by evaluating
      daily levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, progesterone, 1-NG and EE2 as well as
      cervical mucus characteristics in six patients when one and then two consecutive
      pills were deliberately omitted mid-way through the cycle. Results demonstrated
      that there was no evidence of breakthrough ovulation, although there was some
      continued ovarian steroidogenesis, a feature consistent with previous studies
      using combined preparations. Existing instructions to patients regarding missed
      pills should continue in order to ensure maximal contraceptive safety.

PMID- 6814818
TI  - Nitroglycerin combined with methoxamine in experimental coronary occlusions.
AB  - The effect of nitroglycerin, methoxamine, and the combination of both drugs were
      studied in anaesthetized dogs, during the acute phase of experimental myocardial
      infarction. Different haemodynamic and electrophysiological parameters were
      measured during the first three minutes of occluding the left descending coronary
      artery, while each drug or the combination were being infused. After stopping
      infusions, new occlusions were performed periodically in order to assess the
      persistence of drug effects. Nitroglycerin alone provoked hypotension and reduced
      the development of the ischaemic area, while methoxamine did not modify the
      measured variables. A long-lasting favourable effect on the ischaemic area was
      recorded when methoxamine prevented hypotension induced by nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6814820
TI  - Mechanical ventilation in fiberoptic-bronchoscopy: comparison between high
      frequency positive pressure ventilation and normal frequency positive pressure
      ventilation.
AB  - High frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) was compared with normal
      frequency positive pressure ventilation (NFPPV) during diagnostic fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy. HFPPV was achieved by a simple modification of the Minivent, and
      gave satisfactory alveolar ventilation and oxygenation. In all 11 patients and
      over periods of at least 40 min, HFPPV gave normal PaCO2 and high levels of PAO2.
      Arterial blood pressures were higher and the airway pressures were lower than
      during NFPPV.

PMID- 6814821
TI  - Early changes in plasma potassium after acute alterations in PaCO2 in
      anesthetized dogs, monitored continuously with intravascular potassium-selective
      electrodes.
AB  - Changes in plasma potassium in the first 10 min after alterations in PaCO2 in
      anesthetized greyhounds were monitored continuously in vivo with potassium
      selective electrode catheters. Elevation of PaCO2 resulted in a small transient
      fall in plasma potassium whereas reduction in PaCO2 resulted in a small transient
      rise in plasma potassium. Maximum changes occurred at approximately 5 min after
      alterations in PaCO2 with levels tending to return to control thereafter. Changes
      of similar magnitude in normal man would not be expected to have an adverse
      effect on cardiac function, but they may have greater significance in subjects
      with pre-existing abnormal potassium levels, during concurrent treatment with
      digoxin, and after sudden alterations in PaCO2 in chronic hypo- or hypercapnic
      conditions.

PMID- 6814822
TI  - Transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring of high risk surgical patients during the
      perioperative period.
AB  - The usefulness of noninvasive transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) and carbon dioxide
      (PtcCO2) sensors as well as invasive monitoring of flow and oxygen transport were
      evaluated in the perioperative period of a small series of high risk surgical
      patients. We used the pattern of physiological events preceding intraoperative
      death as the criteria for evaluation of the relative usefulness of these
      variables. Cardiac output (CO), oxygen delivery (DO2), and O2 consumption (VO2)
      provided the earliest warning of impending circulatory deterioration and were
      most useful during critical nonlethal circulatory episodes; these were closely
      paralleled by the PtcO2 index (PtcO2/PaO2); the PtcCO2 was less sensitive. Heart
      rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were highly variable with frequent
      changes unrelated to change in flow and O2 transport.

PMID- 6814823
TI  - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring in the pediatric
      ICU.
AB  - The transcutaneous partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) and oxygen
      (PtcO2) were measured with heated electrodes in 18 hemodynamically stable
      pediatric ICU patients and these data were compared to simultaneously measured
      arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. There was a significant degree of
      correlation (p less than 0.001) between the skin surface CO2 and O2 and their
      corresponding arterial tensions. These data defined values for PtcCO2 and PtcO2
      indices in the pediatric patient without cardiovascular complications as PtcCO2
      index = 1.6 +/- 0.2 and the PtcO2 index = 0.84 +/- 0.18 (PtcCO2 index =
      PtcCO2/PaCO2 and PtcO2 index = PtcO2/PaO2). The authors found the monitoring of
      skin surface gases a reliable technique to monitor arterial gas tension in
      hemodynamically stable patients.

PMID- 6814824
TI  - New approach to regional anticoagulation in hemodialysis using gabexate mesilate
      (FOY).
AB  - Gabexate mesilate (FOY), a synthetic serine proteinase inhibitor, prevented and
      controlled bleeding during hemodialysis of 3 patients with active bleeding sites
      and/or hemorrhagic tendencies. The effectiveness of regional anticoagulation was
      evaluated by activated coagulation time (ACT). The ACTs of blood sampled from the
      outlet of dialyzer were significantly prolonged; however, systemic ACTs were
      almost normal. ACTs immediately after dialysis were not prolonged compared with
      those before dialysis. In 1 patients, renal function was improved after dialysis.
      No harmful side effects of FOY were observed. We consider FOY to be superior to
      other drugs for hemodialysis in that: (1) it can provide sufficient regional
      anticoagulation; (2) it has a very short half-life and need not be antagonized
      after dialysis; and (3) it can be used in patients with sepsis and/or
      disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) because it inhibits proteinase and
      also prevents platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6814825
TI  - Casein kinases--multipotential protein kinases.

PMID- 6814826
TI  - Bronchial hyperreactivity.

PMID- 6814827
TI  - Aspects of the aetiology and pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus:
      a critical review.

PMID- 6814829
TI  - [4-META adhesive resin and metal inlays].

PMID- 6814828
TI  - Prolactin in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during uncomplicated human
      pregnancy. A review.

PMID- 6814831
TI  - [Economical and practical alloys for porcelain bonding].

PMID- 6814830
TI  - [Agar-alginate combined impression].

PMID- 6814832
TI  - [New type of non-silver alloy for porcelain bonding].

PMID- 6814833
TI  - [Non-copper silver alloy with 20% gold with the esthetic quality of gold alloy].

PMID- 6814834
TI  - [Vacuum-type casting machine that does not produce blowholes].

PMID- 6814835
TI  - [Rough surface of plaster poured into alginate impression material].

PMID- 6814836
TI  - [Physico-technological nature of alginate impression material available in the
      market].

PMID- 6814837
TI  - [Improved pliers for removing temporary crowns].

PMID- 6814838
TI  - [Adhesive strength and adhesive force].

PMID- 6814839
TI  - Arterial PCO2 as an index of activity in fibrosing alveolitis.
AB  - Alveolar hyperventilation is a characteristic feature of the interstitial lung
      diseases, yet its pathogenesis remains unknown. We examined the relationship
      between inflammatory alveolar acinar cell counts and the steady state, resting
      arterial PCO2 in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. To eliminate the influence
      of overwhelming mechanical lung restriction or resting hypoxemia, we studied 20
      patients who, despite having clinicopathologically confirmed fibrosing
      alveolitis, had vital capacities exceeding 50 percent of predicted, and arterial
      O2 saturations above 90 percent. There was a significant inverse relationship
      between the proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the recovered
      BAL fluid and the arterial PCO2 (r = -0.67; p less than 0.01). When PCO2 was
      above 35 mm Hg, the BAL PMN count was 8 percent or less (mean = 3.4; SD = 2.5),
      while the mean BAL PMN count among those patients whose PCO2 was less than 35 mm
      Hg was significantly higher (mean = 11.7; SD = 3.7; p less than 0.01). PCO2
      levels were unrelated to arterial O2 saturation or PaO2. No relationship was
      found between the PCO2 and BAL lymphocyte counts. The findings suggest that in
      fibrosing alveolitis, the arterial PCO2 may be used as an indicator of the state
      of the inflammatory component of the alveolitis.

PMID- 6814840
TI  - Use of nitroglycerin ointment in acute pulmonary edema and hypertension.

PMID- 6814841
TI  - Rhomotoxin pharmacologic action in lowering blood pressure and slowing heart
      rate.

PMID- 6814843
TI  - Traditional Chinese medicine in mental illnesses.

PMID- 6814842
TI  - Neural mechanism of sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 6814844
TI  - Discovery of naturally infected raccoon dog, (Nyctereutes procyonoides gray) wild
      animal reservoir host of leishmaniasis in China.

PMID- 6814845
TI  - Partial cystic duct obstruction.

PMID- 6814846
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6814847
TI  - Cinemicrographic observations of bone giant cell tumor cultured in vitro.

PMID- 6814848
TI  - Laryngeal functional restoration after total laryngectomy. Report of 20 cases.

PMID- 6814849
TI  - Morphologic studies of therapeutically aborted fetus thyroid in an endemic goiter
      region of Guizhou Province.

PMID- 6814851
TI  - Urinary bladder malakoplakia. Report of a case.

PMID- 6814852
TI  - Diagnosis of postoperative syndrome after biliary surgery by endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatocholangiography (ERCP).

PMID- 6814850
TI  - Different doses and routes of magnesium sulfate administration in treating severe
      preeclamptic and eclamptic patients.

PMID- 6814854
TI  - Gastric secretory testing with pentagastrin. An observation of 138 cases.

PMID- 6814853
TI  - Restandardization of Denver Developmental Screening Test for Shanghai children.

PMID- 6814855
TI  - Rural preschool child health care organization, content and methods.

PMID- 6814856
TI  - Clinical trial of cisplatin in advanced malignancies.

PMID- 6814857
TI  - Clinical application of pure silk vascular prostheses.

PMID- 6814858
TI  - Neijing chronobiologic medical theories.

PMID- 6814859
TI  - Study of diabetic eye complications other than diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 6814860
TI  - Extra-intracranial arterial bypass in 278 cases with severe ischemic complete
      stroke.

PMID- 6814861
TI  - Clinical observation of fourth ventricle tumor in 40 adults.

PMID- 6814862
TI  - Procedures for detection and discrimination of hemophilia A carriers.

PMID- 6814863
TI  - Ocular signs of incontinentia pigmenti in one case.

PMID- 6814864
TI  - HLA and diabetes mellitus in Chinese.

PMID- 6814865
TI  - Expressive aphasia and dexterous digital movements.

PMID- 6814866
TI  - Ribosome-lamella complexes in a lymphoid-plasma cell of Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6814867
TI  - [The activity of lecithinase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Taiwan].

PMID- 6814869
TI  - The genetic basis of autoimmune disease.
AB  - The genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease in man is largely specific for
      each disease, indicating that these diseases are based not on a generalized
      breakdown of a tolerance mechanism, but on highly specific abnormalities of
      immune responsiveness which are subject to genetic transmission. In the presence
      of particular antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) the
      relative risk of certain autoimmune diseases is increased, or in some cases
      decreased, and the increased risk has been widely attributed to linkage
      disequilibrium with unidentified disease-causing genes. Our studies on the
      inheritance of spontaneous autoimmune diseases in New Zealand mice have revealed
      that small numbers of dominant genes, some associated with the MHC but the
      remainder elsewhere in the genome, determine susceptibility to these diseases.
      That MHC-linked genes are not of paramount importance casts doubt on the linkage
      disequilibrium hypothesis. An alternative possibility is that major and minor
      histocompatibility antigens themselves predispose to the development of
      autoimmune diseases by altering the immune response repertoire through the effect
      of their clonal deletions on the network of paratope-idiotope clonal
      interactions. Such alterations could influence the chances of emergence, by
      somatic mutation, of pathogenic forbidden clones.

PMID- 6814870
TI  - Development of medical science and health policy.

PMID- 6814868
TI  - Localization of tRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Six purified tRNAs labeled with 125I by chemical or enzymatic methods were
      hybridized to polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The main
      chromosomal regions of hybridization wer: tRNAGly(GGA), 58A, 84C, and 90E;
      tRNALeu(2), 44E, 66B5-8, and 79F; tRNASer(2b), 86A, 88A9-12, and 94A6-8;
      tRNAThr(3), 47F and 87B; tRNAThr(4), 93A1-2; and tRNATyr(1 gamma), 19F, 22F-23A,
      41, 50C1-4 and 85A. At 50C the hybridization of tRNATyr(1 gamma) was polymorphic
      in the giant strains. When the hybridization of three valine isoacceptors studied
      previously was re-investigated, it was found that only one hybridization site,
      90BC, was shared between tRNAVal(3b) and tRNAVal(4). tRNAVal(3a) did not have any
      sites in common with the other two.

PMID- 6814871
TI  - Prevention of health damage caused by agrochemical substances.
AB  - Present paper refers to prevention of health damage caused by agrochemical
      substances in Czechoslovakia. Authors introduce criteria for the approval of
      agrochemicals in agriculture [altogether a list of 526 pesticides in 1981]. In
      socialist countries uniform maximum permissible levels of pesticides in
      foodstuffs and uniform analytical methods are being established. The necessity of
      epidemiological studies and that of monitoring pesticide residues in the
      environment are stressed. During 1973-78 altogether 80 cases of occupational
      poisoning by pesticides were notified in Slovakia; out of them 45 being severe
      and 3 lethal ones. Emphasis is given to the need of systematic checking of the
      use of pesticides in agriculture from the health prevention point of view.

PMID- 6814872
TI  - Chemization and human health.
AB  - A survey of the relationships between chemization and human health is presented
      From among approximately 50 000 chemicals being used, some 5 to 10% represent
      potential hazards. Classifications and transformations of chemicals in abiotic
      and biotic conditions, characteristics of their effects according to
      toxicological and ecological-toxicological criteria (physical-chemical and
      chemical properties, levels, necessary for the induction of biological and
      adverse effects, conditions of the exposure of humans and ecological systems) are
      being dealt with. Attention is devoted to the International Programme on Chemical
      Safety from the aspects of coping with chemical hazards on a global scale. The
      criteria of "non-safety" and "safety" of chemicals, prognostics of chemical
      hazards and the needs of further knowledge (quantity and "fate" of chemicals in
      the environment, their effects on man and ecological systems and their
      interaction) are discussed. In the conclusion, the need of international
      unification of criteria for introducing new chemicals, being of great importance
      not only from the aspect of the population's health protection--but also from
      that of facilitating foreign trade in chemical products, is stressed.

PMID- 6814873
TI  - Toxicological classification of pesticides.
AB  - The authors put forth their proposition for pesticide classification from the
      points of view of acute toxicity, skin irritation, skin toxicity 'resorption),
      cummulation coefficient and chronic effect--anticipated chronic risk. The
      proposition of this kind may be considered a priority in Czechoslovakia. It is
      confronted with the criteria for pesticide classification recommended by the WHO
      which it suitably completes. Acute toxicity makes it possible to classify
      pesticides into five classes: class I - highly toxic, class II - toxic, class III
      - moderately toxic, class IV - slightly toxic, class V - virtually non-toxic.
      Skin irritation enabled to classify pesticides as highly irritant, irritant,
      moderately irritant, slightly irritant and non-irritant. For skin toxicity 3
      degrees were used: those of very good resorption, good resorption and low
      resorption. The proposition fr classification is supplemented by cummulation
      coefficient and the aspect of chronic effect. In the present study the authors
      call for further search for the criteria of pesticide classification and draw
      attention to some pesticides, discussing their re-classification into higher
      classification classes.

PMID- 6814875
TI  - Morphological features and biological properties of tumors.

PMID- 6814874
TI  - Clinical and laboratory findings in Metation EK-50.
AB  - Authors present some of their results from an epidemiological study on the effect
      of fenitrothion (Metation EK-50) on the organism of occupationally exposed
      workers in the production of this preparation and in female workers in the
      packing room during a 5-year period. The results of clinical examinations pointed
      to parasympathetic stimulation and disposition to hypotonia. Neurological and
      psychiatric findings revealed a low-grade pseudoneurasthenic syndrome in 33% of
      females and in 15% of males. The results of psychodiagnostic tests after the
      exposure to fenitrothion and its intermediate products showed partial
      deterioration of retention, impairment of visuomotor coordination of movements in
      tapping and that or orientation readiness, prolonged average time of decision
      making and prolonged average reaction time for complex sensorimotor responses.
      From among the biochemical parameters after the exposure to fenitrothion the
      following ones can be mentioned: inhibition of cholinesterase in blood, increase
      of GPT transaminase, increase of insoenzyme LDH5 and changes in protein
      fractions, as statistically significant (P less than 0,001). The values of
      excreted p-nitro-m-cresol (NC) in urine in males after the exposure to
      fenitrothion were 5,61 mg/l on the average, compared with the average value of
      1,54 mg NC/l before exposure. The average values of excreted NC in urine in
      females involved in bottling Metation were those of 4,0 mg NC or 6,58 mg NC/l of
      urine after exposure. The concentration of fenitrotrion in the air of the working
      space ranged from 0,028 to 0,118 mg X m-3. From the values of the excreted NC in
      urine in the exposed workers and in volunteers, to whom fenitrothion was
      administered in the doses of 2,5 to 20 mg, it can be judged that the organism of
      exposed workers received approximately 15 mg of fenitrothion per capita a day and
      those of exposed females 20 mg or more per capita a day.

PMID- 6814876
TI  - Transformation of bilirubin in gastrointestinal tract and its relationship to
      neonatal icterus.
AB  - The object of the study was the transformation of bilirubin in the neonatal
      digestive tract with special reference to enterohepatic circulation of
      nonconjugated bilirubin and its consequences. The application of biochemical and
      chromatographic methods showed that bilirubin excreted by neonatal livers was
      qualitatively distinct from that excreted by adult livers. Already in the first
      meconium practically all bilirubin conjugated with glucuronic acid was
      hydrolyzed, which means ample availability of nonconjugated bilirubin for its
      reresorption by intestines. The enterohepatic circulation of nonconjugated
      bilirubin could indirectly be demonstrated by early elimination of nonconjugated
      bilirubin reservoir - meconium - from the digestive tract. This resulted in a
      significant reduction of bilirubinaemia. It could be shown that in newborns with
      hyperbilirubinaemia alterations of structure of bilirubin excreted into bile due
      to phototherapy occurred. This finding leads to an assumption that besides a
      favourable effect, apparently predominating in bilirubin degradation,
      phototherapy tends in an undesirable way to increase enteral reabsorption of
      nonconjugated bilirubin back in the circulation.

PMID- 6814877
TI  - Possible effect of drugs on arterial wall metabolism in experimental
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6814878
TI  - Cell-cycle position and nuclear protein content.
AB  - To determine the change in nuclear protein content as a function of cell cycle
      position, isolated HeLa nuclei were stained for protein with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC) and for DNA with propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed by flow
      cytometry (FCM). The resulting FITC versus PI histogram consisted of four
      definable regions, a G1 region characterized by increasing FITC and relatively
      constant PI (2C DNA content), an S region characterized by increasing PI with
      relatively constant FITC, a G2 region characterized by increasing FITC and
      constant PI (4C DNA content), and a region of G1 FITC staining with near G2 PI
      staining. The relationship between cell cycle position and these regions of the
      histogram was confirmed by the two following studies: 1) The distribution of
      labeled nuclei throughout the histogram was observed after [14C]TdR pulse
      labeling. 2) Exit of cells from G1 was observed in the histogram after the
      addition of Colcemid to the HeLa cell cultures. Nuclear protein content did not
      appear to increase uniformly across the cell cycle (defined by DNA content).
      Rather, nuclear protein content showed the largest increase during G1. Thus, dual
      parameter FCM analysis based on nuclear DNA and protein content provides a more
      complete definition of cell cycle position than DNA content alone.

PMID- 6814879
TI  - A role for local osteoclasts in determining the differential susceptibility of
      human cartilage and bone to invasion by carcinoma.

PMID- 6814880
TI  - [Interaction of chromatin and metaphase chromosomes with model lipid membranes].

PMID- 6814881
TI  - Valproic acid: interactions with phenytoin and phenobarbital.

PMID- 6814882
TI  - Tocainide--an alternative to mexiletine.

PMID- 6814883
TI  - Carbaryl against lice.

PMID- 6814884
TI  - Glyceryl trinitrate ointment (percutol).

PMID- 6814886
TI  - [Therapy of hyponatremia].

PMID- 6814885
TI  - [Wernicke's encephalopathy in chronic gastropancreatic disease with pyloric
      stenosis].
AB  - The acute symptomatology of Wernicke's syndrome was observed in a 17-year-old
      female patient and a 48-year-old male patient. They were both affected by chronic
      gastropancreatic disease with pyloric stenosis and showed already subclinical
      thiamine deficiency. Symptoms occurred within 4 weeks of an infusion regime rich
      in carbohydrates. Parenteral administration of high doses of thiamine (200 mg/d
      and 360 mg/d) led to clear-cut regression of symptoms. Due to the unfavourable
      prognosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy prophylactic administration of thiamine in
      a daily dosage of 50-100 mg is recommended in patients with chronic intestinal
      disease and parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6814889
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: its distribution and metabolism during development
      in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).
AB  - The development changes in the metabolism of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH),
      cyclo (His-Pro) formation from TRH, and the levels of endogenous TRH in frog
      brain and skin were determined. The results indicated that TRH concentrations
      were considerably higher in brain than in skin, and in both of these structures
      TRH content increased significantly following metamorphosis to adulthood. This
      increase in TRH concentration is probably a reflection of a marked decrease in
      TRH-metabolism in adult frogs compared to tadpoles. However, the formation of
      cyclo (His-Pro) from TRH increased during the developmental period reaching to a
      maximum in adulthood. The possible role of cyclo (His-Pro) in the amphibian
      developmental process is discussed in relation to our recent observation showing
      cyclo (His-Pro) inhibition of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6814887
TI  - [The teratogenicity of coumarin derivatives].

PMID- 6814888
TI  - [The 1982 Nobel Prize in medicine: prostaglandins].

PMID- 6814890
TI  - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced norepinephrine depletion on cerebellar
      development.
AB  - In order to investigate the possible influence of norepinephrine (NE) on neuronal
      development, the effects of neonatal NE depletion on postnatally developing cell
      populations were characterized in (1) the normal mouse cerebellum, and (2) a
      cerebellar model system with delayed germinal cell development produced by
      neonatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) administration. Reduction in NE
      content was achieved by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injections. In the
      MAM-treated groups, 6-OHDA did not produce significant changes in external
      germinal layer (EGL) reconstitution. In the other groups, 6-OHDA treatment
      produced a reduction in the vermis area, alterations in foliation, and changes in
      the schedule of EGL development. These results support a role for NE in
      regulation of neuronal development in the cerebellum.

PMID- 6814891
TI  - [Treatment of myoclonus].

PMID- 6814892
TI  - Cost/efficiency studies in periodontal treatment.

PMID- 6814893
TI  - Angiotensin II binding sites on isolated rat renal brush border membranes.
AB  - There is evidence that angiotensin II has a direct effect on reabsorptive
      processes of the kidney that are mediated by angiotensin II receptors on the
      proximal tubules. These receptors have not previously been localized to luminal
      brush border or basolateral membranes. The present study is the first to
      characterize the angiotensin II receptor of rat renal brush border membrane
      vesicles. Results are reported as means +/- SE Specific binding of [125I]iodo
      angiotensin II at steady state was significantly increased by 100 mM NaCl or 10
      25 mM MgCl2. NaC1 caused a significant decrease in the Kd from 9.5 +/- 1.3 nM (n
      = 2) to 6.0 to 0.3 nm (n = 3). In contrast, MgCl2 had no effect on Kd but
      significantly increased the binding site concentration from 162 +/- 76 (n = 2) to
      597 +/- 26 fmol/mg protein (n = 3). The effects of these salts were additive.
      Steady state binding was achieved within 10-15 min at 24 C. Scatchard analyses of
      binding inhibition data indicated a single class of high affinity sites with Kd
      similar to that for angiotensin II receptors in known target tissues. Binding was
      reversible, proportional to membrane protein concentration, and did not consist
      of uptake into the vesicles. Octapeptide and 2-8 heptapeptide analogs of
      angiotensin competed for these binding sites with potencies that correlated with
      their binding inhibition potencies at known extrarenal and renal target tissues.
      The radioactivity, eluted from membranes with acid after steady state was
      achieved, was 57 +/- 8% (n= 4) of intact [125I]iodo-angiotensin II, as determined
      by rebinding to fresh membranes. This observation is inconsistent with binding to
      a degradative enzyme. These findings indicate the presence of high affinity
      specific binding sites for [125I]iodo-angiotensin II in renal brush border
      membranes.

PMID- 6814894
TI  - Ovarian and circulating inhibin levels in immature female rats treated with
      gonadotropin and after castration.

PMID- 6814895
TI  - The effects of hormones, cholera toxin, and N alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl
      ketone on adenylate cyclase in viable granulosa cells.

PMID- 6814896
TI  - Effect of chronic immunoneutralization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, prolactin, and reproductive function in the
      ewe.

PMID- 6814897
TI  - Regulation of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency and amplitude by testosterone
      in the adult male rat.
AB  - Our objective was to gain a better understanding of the role of testosterone (T)
      in regulating the minute to minute dynamics of LH secretion in the adult male
      rat. To this end, we examined the patterns of blood LH levels in intact animals
      and evaluated the effect of small physiological doses of T on mean blood LH and
      FSH levels and on LH pulse frequency and amplitude in the castrate animal. The
      intact rat exhibited low frequency (period, approximately 145 min) and low
      amplitude (approximately 16 ng/ml) LH pulses. After castration, LH pulse
      frequency (period, approximately 20 min) and amplitude (approximately 118 ng/ml)
      increased dramatically over that of intact animals. T, administered to castrate
      rats through Silastic implants, caused a dose-dependent and parallel reduction in
      mean blood LH and FSH levels. The lowest T dose, which increased mean plasma T
      levels to 0.5 ng/ml above those of the sham-treated castrates, produced a
      significant reduction in LH pulse frequency, with a significant increase in pulse
      amplitude. The next highest T dose caused a reduction in pulse amplitude to a
      value significantly lower than that in the sham-treated castrates. The highest T
      dose, which produced steady state mean plasma T levels (approximately 1.6 ng/ml)
      less than the mean level of the intact group (approximately 2.2 ng/ml), caused a
      profound reduction in pulse frequency to lower than that of the intact group.
      These observations demonstrate that T can exert a complex, dose-dependent effect
      on LH secretory dynamics and imply that one important site of T-mediated negative
      feedback is the brain's LHRH pulse generator.

PMID- 6814898
TI  - Tetracaine, propranolol and trifluoperazine inhibit thyrotropin releasing hormone
      induced prolactin secretion from GH3 cells by displacing membrane calcium:
      further evidence that TRH acts to mobilize cellular calcium.
AB  - TRH stimulation of prolactin release from GH3 cells is associated with loss of
      cellular Ca2+. Chlortetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent probe of Ca2+ in biological
      membranes, was previously employed to monitor indirectly changes in membrane Ca2+
      in GH3 cells. Tetracaine, propranolol and trifluoperazine, agents that are known
      to displace Ca2+ from biological membranes, were utilized to demonstrate more
      rigorously that TRH affects cellular membrane Ca2+ in GH3 cells. Tetracaine (1
      mM), propranolol (1 mM), and trifluoperazine (0.03 mM) inhibited basal and TRH
      stimulated prolactin release, decreased cellular 45Ca2+ content and decreased
      cell-associated CTC fluorescence. Most importantly, these agents abolished the
      decrease in CTC fluorescence induced by TRH. These data suggest that tetracaine,
      propranolol and trifluoperazine displace membrane Ca2+ in intact GH3 cells and
      offer further evidence that TRH acts to mobilize cellular Ca2+ from a membrane
      bound pool(s) during stimulation of GH3 cells.

PMID- 6814899
TI  - Lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid: a pivotal step in stimulus-secretion coupling
      in the pancreatic beta cell.
AB  - The relationship(s) between calcium flux, phospholipid turnover and stimulus
      secretion coupling in endocrine cells remains unclear. Several stimuli of insulin
      secretion promote calcium accumulation in the pancreatic beta cell; recent
      studies are compatible with the formulation that, as a consequence of such ion
      flux, arachidonic acid is released from phospholipids by calcium-dependent
      phospholipase(s), and may, in turn, be metabolized via lipoxygenase to products
      which promote insulin release. In the current study, we examined the effects of
      two known lipoxygenase inhibitors, BW755c and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, on the
      augmentation of insulin release evoked by three pharmacologically distinct
      classes of insulin secretagogues--one which augments cyclic AMP accumulation
      (exemplified by theophylline), one which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (sodium
      salicylate), and one which is independent of changes in cyclic AMP or
      prostaglandin availability (tolbutamide). Both inhibitors of lipoxygenase
      markedly blunted the insulinogenic response to glucose, as well as to all three
      drugs, without evidence of cell toxicity. These data are most compatible with a
      central role for lipoxygenase products in coupling insulin secretion to stimuli
      of widely varying natures.

PMID- 6814900
TI  - Audiogenic seizure-induced changes in energy metabolites in cerebral cortical and
      cerebellar layers.
AB  - Audiogenic seizure-prone mice (DBA/2J) were exposed to a broad band noise source.
      A reproducible response consisting of wild run, clonus, and tonic stages resulted
      in all mice. Layers 1 and pyramidal from the parietal cortex and the molecular
      and Purkinje cell-rich layers from the cerebellar vermis were separately analyzed
      for glucose, glycogen, ATP, and phosphocreatine. Results showed a biphasic
      cerebellar response, with decreases in high energy phosphates occurring during
      the wild run and tonic stage. In the cortex, similar changes occurred in the
      pyramidal cell layer, but the decreases were not as pronounced as those in the
      cerebellum. Cells from layer 1 of the parietal cortex were not affected as much
      as those of the pyramidal layer, suggesting a differential effect between
      neuronal and nonneuronal cell populations. The greater response of the cerebellum
      could indicate an attempt to reduce the severity of both the wild run and the
      tonic extension seizure.

PMID- 6814902
TI  - Use of antiepileptic drugs in the presence of liver and kidney diseases: a
      review.

PMID- 6814901
TI  - Controlled trials in epilepsy: a review.
AB  - A comprehensive review, evaluating 51 randomized double-blind controlled studies,
      covering different aspects of epileptology, is presented. Trials were grouped
      according to the investigated topic and for each group an attempt was made to
      derive an overall conclusion. The majority of studies investigated antiepileptic
      drug treatments. Other topics were: psychotropic effect of antiepileptic drugs,
      folic acid and vitamin D administration in epilepsy, and EEG investigations. A
      cross-sectional analysis of items such as designs, patient sampling principles,
      recording of effect parameters and side effects, concomitant treatments, and
      statistical evaluations demonstrated that cross-over designs, investigating fixed
      dosage schedules, were extensively used. Less than half of these studies included
      a washout period between treatments, complicating the interpretation of the
      obtained results. The vast majority of studies involved only chronic patients;
      and marked heterogeneity in patient selection with respect to age, seizure type,
      and mental status, and severity of epilepsy was observed. Classifications of
      seizures varied between the studies. The most prominent effect parameter was
      seizure frequency. The use of heterogeneous patient samples frequently
      necessitated equalization of widely different seizure types in order to perform
      statistical analyses. The mean duration of trials was 6 months, precluding
      evaluation of chronic toxicity. The majority of studies recorded side effects,
      but data collection was rather unsystematic and statistical evaluation was seldom
      applied. Most studies were add-on trials, and since concomitant treatment was
      frequently changed during the investigations, it was difficult to evaluate the
      influence of this variable. A correlation analysis across trials demonstrated,
      among other things, that the common assumption that short controlled trials
      provide too optimistic results, could not be substantiated. This survey provides
      no firm indication of which drug is more suitable for which seizure type.

PMID- 6814903
TI  - Mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of DEHP and MEHP.
AB  - The mutagenic/carcinogenic activities of DEHP and MEHP were studied in bacteria
      and mammalian cells. MEHP but not DEHP exerted a dose-dependent DNA damaging
      effect to B. subtilis in Rec-assay. DEHP and MEHP showed mutagenic activities to
      S. typhimurium TA-100, with and without S-9 mix, respectively. MEHP produced not
      only the mutation in E. coli WP2B/r but also sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. It also induced 8AG/6TG-resistant gene mutations and
      chromosomal aberrations in the V79 cells. Transplacental administration of DEHP
      or MEHP to the Syrian golden hamster embryos was carried out by administering
      DEHP or MEHP to gravid animals on day 11 of gestation, followed by the
      cultivation of embryonic cells for 15-20 days. Both DEHP and MEHP induced 8AG/6TG
      resistant mutation, chromosomal aberrations and morphological transformation in
      the embryonic cells of the Syrian golden hamster.

PMID- 6814905
TI  - Induction of ouabain resistance in V-79 cells by four carbamate pesticides.

PMID- 6814904
TI  - Risk assessment in a federal regulatory agency: an assessment of risk associated
      with the human consumption of some species of fish contaminated with
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
AB  - The problem of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) became a national concern in 1971
      when several accidental contaminations of foods were reported. Extensive efforts
      were undertaken by FDA to reduce the residues of PCBs in food. However, the PCB
      levels in several species of fresh-water fish have raised concern about the PCB
      residues from environmental contamination, and it is this concern which has
      prompted a reassessment of the human risk involved from consumption of such fish.
      The human epidemiology and animal toxicity of PCB exposure are reviewed, as well
      as risk assessment in general. Specific examples to risk assessment involving
      extrapolation of animal data to humans, based on several levels of human exposure
      to PCBs in fish, are presented.

PMID- 6814906
TI  - Square-wave endurance exercise test (SWEET) for training and assessment in
      trained and untrained subjects. I. Description and cardiorespiratory responses.
AB  - A new 45 min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) performed on a cycle
      ergometer and designed for endurance training was studied in 43 normal subjects:
      Untrained (U), twelve women and seven men and Trained (T), eight women and 16
      men. Among them seven were elite sportsmen (E). Preliminary measurements were
      made of VO2 max by constant power and Maximal Tolerated Power (MTP) in a
      progressive test (+ 30 W/3 min). To the SWEET's base, established as a % of
      individual MTP, a peak of 1 min at MTP was added every 5 minutes. Maximum
      Intensity of Endurance during the SWEET (MIE45) is defined by both maximal heart
      rate (HR) at the end of the test and the impossibility of maintaining 5% above
      the percent MTP of the MIE45 for 45 min. Exhaustion was reached at the end of the
      MIE45, which could be expressed as % MTP, as total energy expenditure (TEE) in
      liters of O2, or as total mechanical work (TMW) in kiloJoules per kg of weight
      (kJ . kg-1). VE, VCO2, VO2 and HR were continuously measured. VO2 max, TMW and %
      MTP were significantly higher in T than in U subjects. The E subjects show the
      highest values of those parameters. TMW and TEE were well correlated (r = 0.992,
      p less than 0.001, n = 43) indicating good efficiency. TMW in T (r = 0.453) and
      in E men (r = 0.442) were however less well correlated to the VO2 max. MIE45
      therefore gives different information in the evaluation of "endurance capacity"
      at the time of measurement than that provided by VO2 max. Because of the high TEE
      per session it could be useful for endurance training of T and U subjects.

PMID- 6814908
TI  - Structure-function relationship in the allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenases from
      Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus curvatus.

PMID- 6814907
TI  - Square-wave endurance exercise test (SWEET) for training and assessment in
      trained and untrained subjects. II. Blood gases and acid-base balance.
AB  - In order to obtain information about physiological and homeostasic responses at
      the maximal Intensity of Endurance of the 45 min "Square-Wave Endurance Exercise
      Test" (MIE45), three arterial blood samples were taken: (a) at rest; (b) at the
      45th min of the SWEET; (c) after 15 min of recovery, to measure paO2, paCO2,
      [H+], [Hb], and [lactate] in 14 normal male subjects: four trained (T) six well
      trained (WT) and four others untrained (U). Total mechanical work (TMW)
      corresponding to MIE45 was significantly higher (mean +/- SEM) respectively in WT
      (9.22 +/- 0.65 kJ . kg-1, p less than 0.001), than in T (7.17 +/- 0.18 kJ . kg-1,
      p less than 0.01) and U subjects (4.44 +/- 0.36, p less than 0.001). Because of
      this the lactate level, which rose significantly during exercise, differed
      between U and WT subjects (p less than 0.05). In spite of the exhaustive
      character of the MIE45, [H+] and paO2 remained within the range of normal values.
      These results suggest that trained and untrained subjects can be trained with the
      exhausting MIE45 exercise while maintaining a constant [H+] and paO2 at the 45th
      min of exercise.

PMID- 6814909
TI  - Amphiphilic pig intestinal microvillus maltase/glucoamylase. Structure and
      specificity.

PMID- 6814910
TI  - Purification of Drosophila acidic ribosomal proteins.
AB  - The relatively acidic proteins (group A80) of Drosophila melanogaster ribosomes
      were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Fractions containing one or more
      acidic proteins were combined into thirteen pools. The criterion for the
      combination was the migration pattern in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gels
      containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. Five proteins (7/8, S25/S27, S14, L1/L2 and
      L5/L6) required no further purification. The others were further purified as
      follows: proteins S7, and S9 by preparative gel electrophoresis: and protein 13
      (to newly identified protein) by adsorption with conconavalin-A--agarose. Four
      proteins had no detectable contamination, and in each of the others the
      impurities were no greater than 3%. The amount of purified protein recovered from
      a starting amount of 2.63 g total 80-S ribosomal protein and a starting amount of
      105 mg group A80 varied from 0.4 mg to 8.8 mg. The molecular weight of the
      proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl
      sulphate. The amino acid composition of the individual purified proteins was
      determined. Several phosphorylated proteins were identified. Proteins 13b and 13c
      are phosphorylated derivatives of 13a; 7b/8b and 7c/8c are phosphorylated
      derivatives of 7a and/or 8a. Proteins 7/8 and 13 are distinct proteins but are
      very similar in amino acid composition.

PMID- 6814911
TI  - Nitrogenase activity and membrane electrogenesis in the cyanobacterium Plectonema
      boryanum.
AB  - The relationships between nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) and the
      transplasmalemma proton electrochemical potential gradient (delta muH+) have been
      investigated using the non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium Plectonema
      boryanum. By selectively modifying the chemical (delta pH) and electrical (delta
      psi) components of delta muH+ under conditions in which the size of the ATP pool
      remained unaffected, nitrogenase activity was found to be dependent on, or
      regulated by delta psi. When the ATP pool decreased, concomitant with a decreased
      internal pH (pHi) the requirement for delta psi was modified. The observed
      reduction in the intracellular ATP pool and the decreased ATP:ADP ratio also
      correlated with an inhibition of nitrogenase activity. The data are consistent
      with a model in vivo in which reductant supply to nitrogenase is regulated by, or
      dependent on an energised plasmalemma and where there is a fine balance between
      the supply of reductant and ATP for nitrogenase activity. The correlation
      observed between delta psi and nitrogenase activity extends our previous
      observations using the heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis.

PMID- 6814912
TI  - Purification and characterization of human-brain aldose reductase.
AB  - Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) from human brain has been purified to apparent
      homogeneity. The enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of several
      physiological and xenobiotic aldehydes. Isocorticosteroids, e.g. isocortisol and
      isocorticosterone, are the best substrates (Km less than 1 micron), followed by
      aromatic and arylalkyladehydes, including biogenic aldehydes (Km = 3 - 15
      microM). The activity towards aldoses is highest with glyceraldehyde (Km = 25
      microM) and decreases with increasing number of carbon atoms of the sugar.
      Flavonoids, e.g. quercetin and rutin, inhibit aldose reductase (IC50 = 2 - 5
      microM). Sulfate ions, on the other hand, stimulate the enzyme activity. Thiol
      modifying reagents, e.g. 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate and iodoacetate, cause a time
      dependent inactivation. Aldose reductase consists of a single polypeptide chain
      with a molecular weight of 38 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.9. In the
      presence of thiol reagents the isoelectric point is shifted to 5.1. Antibodies
      against aldose reductase do not cross-react with other carbonyl reductases,
      Nevertheless, the comparison of structural and enzymic properties of aldose
      reductase with those of other carbonyl reductases suggests a relationship between
      aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2).

PMID- 6814913
TI  - Purification and properties of diamine oxidase from Euphorbia latex.
AB  - A diamine oxidase has been purified to homogeneity from the latex of an
      herbaceous shrub, Euphorbia characias. This enzyme has a relative molecular mass
      of 144,000 and is composed of two identical subunits. It contain two Cu(II) and
      two carbonyl-like groups per dimer. The purified enzyme is pink and shows a broad
      absorption in the visible region centered at 480 nm, which is modified by the
      addition of phenylhydrazine or semicarbazide. The electron paramagnetic resonance
      spectrum is typical of copper(II) in a tetragonal symmetry. This enzyme oxidizes
      putrescine and cadaverine at fairly high rate and, less efficiently a few related
      compounds, but not histamine, spermine or spermidine.

PMID- 6814914
TI  - Effects of the calcium antagonistic compound nifedipine alone and combined with
      nitrites on the mechanical performance and the relaxation of hypoxic and
      reoxygenated myocardium.

PMID- 6814915
TI  - Different effects of nitroglycerin and nifedipine on regional myocardial blood
      flow during pacing induced angina pectoris.

PMID- 6814916
TI  - Comparison of the combination of nifedipine and atenolol with the combination of
      nitroglycerine and atenolol in patients with angina pectoris.

PMID- 6814917
TI  - Delineation of epileptic focus by single photon emission tomography.

PMID- 6814918
TI  - Endocrine studies with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue to achieve
      withdrawal of testosterone in prostate carcinoma patients.
AB  - This investigation on 12 well-defined patients with untreated, advanced prostatic
      adenocarcinoma establishes the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue [D
      Ser(But)6](1-9)-nonapeptide-ethylamide (Hoe 766) as an effective, safe and non
      toxic form of medical castration. Hoe 766 was given either as subcutaneous
      injections of 2 x 200 micrograms/day over 14 days and pernasal application (3 x
      400 micrograms/day) thereafter, or as subcutaneous injections of 3 x 1,000
      micrograms/day over 6 days and pernasal application thereafter in the dosage
      mentioned above. Both dose regimens were equally effective: pituitary
      overstimulation between days 3 and 6 with a rise of serum HL and testosterone;
      pituitary and testicular desensitization with LH and testosterone decline between
      days 6 and 14; medical castration with average serum testosterone levels
      maintained around 0.5 ng/ml for up to 12 weeks. Except for transient hot flashes
      in 4 patients, no clinical or laboratory side effects were observed. It is
      concluded from this study that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Hoe
      766, is a valuable alternative to conventional contrasexual measures for prostate
      cancer palliation. To improve the patient's compliance, however, the smallest
      single pernasal dosage effective for maintenance of down-regulation and
      steroidogenic arrest has still to be determined.

PMID- 6814920
TI  - Tetrahydroxylated bile acids in healthy human newborns.
AB  - Urine was collected in four healthy infants, born after 35-39 weeks of gestation.
      The collections were made for 24 h starting immediately after birth. Bile acids
      were extracted, separated into conjugate groups, solvolysed, hydrolysed and
      quantified by gas-liquid chromatography as methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives. Identification was made by gas-liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Cholic acid was the predominating primary bile acid. Non-sulphated
      tetrahydroxylated bile acids, tentatively identified as 1,3,7,12- and 3,6,7,12
      tetrahydroxycholanoic acids, were present in almost the same amounts as cholic
      acid. A previously unknown tetrahydroxylated cholanoic acid, which might be 2
      hydroxylated hyocholic acid, was found in all infants in similar amounts. 3 beta
      Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was present in the sulphate fraction in the urine from
      all infants. Lithocholic acid was not found. Small amounts of allo and 6
      hydroxylated bile acids were mainly found in the sulphate fraction. Bile acids
      hydroxylated in the 1-position were found predominantly in the taurine fraction.

PMID- 6814919
TI  - Cholesterol absorption, elimination and synthesis in coeliac disease.
AB  - Hypocholesterolaemia and high faecal elimination of cholesterol was explored by
      measuring the percentage of cholesterol absorbed, faecal steroids, serum
      cholesterol and dietary cholesterol in patients with coeliac disease before and
      after a gluten free diet. From these data, the total and endogenous flux of
      cholesterol into the gut and the amount of cholesterol absorbed could be
      calculated. The mean faecal bile acid excretion was normal, but faecal endogenous
      steroids and thus faecal total steroids, and the cholesterol synthesis, were
      increased in the patients. The percentage of cholesterol absorbed was quite low
      (15.1 +/- 2.1 (SEM) v. 34.1 +/- 2.5 in the controls), and it was attributable to
      a mucosal damage in the upper small intestine, suggesting that this played a
      primary role in the high faecal sterol loss. However, the influx of endogenous
      cholesterol into the gut had increased, so that in absolute terms the absorption
      of cholesterol was low only inconsistently. The gluten-free diet caused the
      opposite changes in the absorption percentage and influx of cholesterol into the
      gut, while the amount of cholesterol absorbed was only insignificantly increased.
      Serum cholesterol was significantly correlated with the cholesterol absorbed (r =
      0.36; P less than 0.01), faecal endogenous steroids (r = -0.30; P less than
      0.05), and cholesterol synthesis (r = -0.29; P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the
      rise in serum cholesterol during the gluten-free diet correlated negatively with
      the changes in cholesterol (r = -0.55; P less than 0.05) and bile acid (r = 
      0.77; P less than 0.01) synthesis. These associations and the lack of
      correlations between the amounts of cholesterol absorbed and synthesized suggest
      that the serum cholesterol level and regulation of cholesterol synthesis are
      interrelated in coeliac disease.

PMID- 6814922
TI  - Changes after arterial reconstruction in the forefoot local vasoconstrictor
      response to increased venous transmural pressure.
AB  - Local blood flow regulation on the forefoot was studied by the 133Xe wash-out
      technique in twenty-seven patients before and after arterial reconstruction for
      occlusive arterial disease. In thirteen limbs with severe symptoms the local
      vasoconstrictor response to increased venous pressure was absent preoperatively,
      as blood flow in the foot increased in median by 47% when the foot was lowered 40
      cm below the heart. Three months postoperatively the vasoconstrictor response had
      returned as blood flow decreased 28% during lowering. Fourteen limbs with milder
      symptoms had a vasoconstrictor response before operation. In nine limbs of this
      group treated with aortoiliac reconstruction the vasoconstrictor response was
      absent at the early postoperative examination, but the response returned till the
      late examination. It is concluded that the local vasoconstrictor response is
      normalized after arterial reconstruction. Disturbances may, however, occur in the
      postoperative period, possibly due to operative stress.

PMID- 6814921
TI  - Contact phase of blood coagulation in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The first phase of the intrinsic coagulation system was studied in twenty-six
      diabetic outpatients. The parameters tested were kallicrein, prekallicrein,
      factor XI and factor XII activities. Kallicrein and factor XI showed
      significantly elevated activities as compared with a normal control group (P less
      than 0.05 and less than 0.001, respectively). Factor XI and factor XII levels
      were higher in non-insulin dependent than in insulin dependent diabetics. We
      found that the kallicrein-prekallicrein system was activated in our diabetic
      patients and that such activation could probably be secondary to lesions of the
      vascular endothelium present in long-term diabetics. No correlation was found
      between glycaemia and activity levels of this system. Our data represent another
      demonstration of the existence of a hypercoagulable state in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6814923
TI  - Whole body elemental composition in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - The whole body content of sodium, chlorine and potassium has been measured in 30
      patients with essential hypertension, using the techniques of in vivo neutron
      activation analysis and whole body counting. Total exchangeable sodium and
      potassium were also measured, and found to be well correlated with the total body
      amounts of these elements. Comparable measurements on normotensive subjects could
      not be obtained, but results for both elements were similar to those expected on
      the basis of published values for healthy normal body composition. Similarly, no
      abnormality was found in the average body content of the other major elements
      (chlorine, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen). We therefore have no evidence that
      essential hypertension is associated with any abnormality in the mean body
      content of these elements. However, there was some evidence of a relationship
      between body sodium and blood pressure in this study group.

PMID- 6814924
TI  - Changes in splanchnic blood flow in portal hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess splanchnic blood flow in rats with portal
      hypertension induced by portal vein stenosis. Splanchnic blood flow, estimated by
      the microsphere method, was significantly higher in portal hypertensive rats than
      in sham-operated rats: 26.5 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- SD) and 17.5 +/- 3.3 ml/min,
      respectively (P less than 0.001). Hepatic blood flow, estimated by the clearance
      method, was significantly lower in portal hypertensive rats than in sham-operated
      rats: 12.7 +/- 1.1 and 17.3 +/- 2.8 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.001). It
      is concluded that splanchnic blood flow is increased in rats with portal
      hypertension and that hepatic blood flow is different from splanchnic blood flow
      in these portal hypertensive rats. It is hypothesized that splanchnic blood flow
      may also be increased in patients with portal hypertension.

PMID- 6814925
TI  - The interaction of zinc and vitamin A in human schistosomiasis.
AB  - Levels of vitamin A and components of its transport protein complex, retinol
      binding protein and prealbumin, as well as zinc and its major binding proteins
      albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were measured in plasma of ninety-one male
      Egyptian patients with active schistosomal infection and thirty-two healthy adult
      males. Patients were divided into four groups: Group I had active schistosomiasis
      without associated complications; Group II had schistosomiasis complicated by
      colonic polyposis; Group III had advanced schistosomiasis, hepatosplenomegaly
      and/or ascites; and Group IV had chronic salmonella septicaemia in addition to
      schistosomiasis. Results showed that all patient groups had subnormal levels of
      plasma vitamin A, retinol binding protein, prealbumin, zinc and albumin (P less
      than 0.005 for all parameters) but elevated alpha 2-macroglobulin (P less than
      0.001) when compared to the control group. Alterations in the vitamin A transport
      proteins increased with schistosomal complications and were closely correlated to
      changes in vitamin A (P less than 0.005), but alterations of albumin and alpha 2
      macroglobulin were less consistent and did not correlate with changes in zinc
      levels. There was a highly significant correlation, however, between plasma zinc
      concentrations and those of vitamin A, retinol binding protein and prealbumin (P
      less than 0.001 for all correlations) in all groups of patients as well as the
      control group. These findings indicate that the binding and transport proteins of
      both zinc and vitamin A were adversely affected by schistosomiasis and its
      various complications. Deficiencies of both zinc and vitamin A seem to be
      interrelated in this disease and the vitamin A transport system may be largely
      dependent on zinc status.

PMID- 6814926
TI  - Serum levels of C-reactive protein in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Prospective measurements were made of serum C-reactive protein levels and
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate in sixty-four patients with Crohn's disease and
      fifty with ulcerative colitis. The results were related to clinical assessment of
      disease activity. C-reactive protein levels were raised in both groups but were
      significantly higher in Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis for all
      categories of disease severity: with mild disease the median and range of C
      reactive protein concentration were 4, 0-65 mg/l in Crohn's disease v. 0, 0-15
      mg/l in ulcerative colitis, P less than 0.01; in moderate disease the values were
      15, 1-100 mg/l v. 3, 0-29 mg/l respectively, P less than 0.05 and in cases of
      severe disease, 85, 15-183 mg/l v. 12, 2-33 mg/l respectively, P less than 0.001.
      Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was also higher in Crohn's disease but did not
      closely reflect disease activity in individual patients. C-reactive protein
      levels corresponded closely with clinical and pathological indices of relapse,
      remission and response to therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. The precise
      assay of serum C-reactive protein provides an objective criterion of inflammatory
      activity, which may be useful in the assessment, management and study of Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 6814927
TI  - Gastric acid regulates the release of plasma secretin in man.
AB  - Fasting plasma secretin determined in nine healthy subjects, twelve patients with
      active duodenal ulcer and four with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were 3.2 +/- 0.4,
      5.1 +/- 1.2 and 20.3 +/- 1.3 pmol/l respectively (mean +/- SEM). Cimetidine
      significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced levels in those with duodenal ulcer, as
      did gastric aspiration in the Zollinger-Ellison group. A significant correlation
      (P less than 0.001) was found between basal acid output and mean fasting plasma
      secretin. After a solid meal and subsequent liquid soft drink, no sustained mean
      rise in plasma secretin was observed; changes in secretin appeared to coincide in
      time with rapid falls in duodenal pH, though little relationship could be
      established between the absolute level of pH and changes in plasma secretin. The
      mean peak post-prandial rise in plasma secretin observed after solids was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in duodenal ulcer patients than controls
      (9.1 +/- 1.1 versus 6.7 +/- 0.5 pmol/l) as was the mean integrated post-prandial
      release (1002 +/- 110 versus 710 +/- 67 pmol min-1 1(-1)). Cimetidine reduced
      both rises (P less than 0.05) and was associated with significantly less duodenal
      pH readings below 4 (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that gastric acid
      is a major release mechanism for plasma secretin both fasting and after meals but
      it is likely the acid load rather than absolute pH in the duodenum which
      determines circulating levels.

PMID- 6814929
TI  - Production of high titers of interferon-gamma by prestimulated murine spleen
      cells.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by murine
      spleen cells prestimulated with Con A for different periods of time has been
      studied. Highest titers of antiviral activity were obtained by restimulation of
      cells that had been prestimulated with Con A for 3 days. These cells produced up
      to 30 times more IFN than freshly isolated spleen cells stimulated under the same
      conditions. In an effort to explain this rise in the capacity to produce IFN
      gamma, the possibility that it was due to the inactivation of a suppressor cell
      was excluded. The addition of freshly isolated spleen cells at different
      concentrations to prestimulated cells did not affect subsequent Con A-induced IFN
      gamma production. Separation of freshly isolated or prestimulated spleen cells by
      velocity sedimentation at unit gravity showed that in the latter case most of the
      IFN-gamma was produced by a population of large-sized cells not present in the
      former population. It was concluded from these experiments that prestimulation of
      spleen cells with Con A gives rise to a population of large-sized cells that
      produce, upon restimulation with the same mitogen, much higher titers of IFN
      gamma than those obtained upon primary stimulation of small resting lymphocytes.

PMID- 6814928
TI  - Plasma concentrations and haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin during and after
      intravenous infusion in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effects of nitroglycerin, infused intravenously at 3.4 and 7.5 micrograms/min
      over 30 min, on haemodynamic parameters were determined in the morning and the
      afternoon in a randomized, placebo-controlled study in 5 healthy volunteers. The
      mean steady-state concentrations of nitroglycerin reached in the plasma during
      the infusions of 3.4 and 7.5 micrograms/min were 0.35 +/- 0.06 ng/ml and 0.64 +/-
      0.22 ng/ml, respectively. Wide inter-individual variation was noted. The
      nitroglycerin-induced increase in the orthostatic rise in heart rate and the
      change in digital-pulse-wave morphology roughly paralleled the plasma
      concentration, whereas the reduction in systolic blood pressure in the upright
      position was still evident 15 mins after the infusion, i.e. when nitroglycerin
      was no longer measurable in plasma. No significant diurnal variation in vascular
      sensitivity to the vasodilative action of nitroglycerin was demonstrable. The
      change in pulse-wave morphology resulting from the reduction in peripheral
      resistance (shift of the dicrotic wave in the descending limb towards the base
      line) proved to be the most sensitive haemodynamic parameter.

PMID- 6814930
TI  - Effect of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 on the anticonvulsant
      and anticonflict actions of MK-801.
AB  - MK-801, phenobarbital and clonazepam blocked convulsions elicited in mice by
      bicuculline. Treatment with Ro 15-1788 antagonized the anticonvulsant action of
      clonazepam, but not MK-801 or phenobarbital. The anticonflict effect in the rat
      of chlordiazepoxide, but not MK-801, was antagonized by Ro 15-1788. Despite
      having certain benzodiazepine-like effects in vivo, MK-801 does not act directly
      or indirectly via receptors for benzodiazepines.

PMID- 6814931
TI  - [Menstrual cycle lengths and the estimated time of ovulation in the cynomolgus
      monkey (Macaca fascicularis)].
AB  - Establishing of an efficient system for the judgement of an optimal mating time
      is an important prerequisite for the successful development of a large scale
      breeding of macaques as laboratory animals. In general, an optimal mating time
      has been judged on the basis of individual records of menstruation. The length of
      the previous menstrual cycle has usually been used for the prediction of the next
      cycle length. In the present study, the lengths of 240 menstrual cycles of 60
      cynomolgus monkeys of our breeding colony were statistically analysed. The mean
      and the standard deviation of those cycle-lengths were 29.4 and 4.3 days,
      respectively. Correlationship between the length of a menstrual cycle and the
      length of its previous cycle was statistically significant (p less than 0.05).
      However, practically the correlation was not meaningful because the correlation
      coefficient (r) was very small even if the length of the second one of two
      successive cycles (r = 0.26) or the average length of three successive cycles (r
      = 0.36) is selected as a reference length. In other words, a cycle length can not
      be predicted on the basis of the length of the previous menstrual cycle. However,
      a marked increase of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration was
      observed from 8 to 15 days after menstruation. In 60 per cent of the animals
      observed, FSH increased 10 to 11 days after menstruation. Ovulation was observed
      one or two days later than the day of FSH increase. Therefore, the optimal mating
      time is judged to be between 11 and 14 days after menstruation regardless of the
      menstrual cycle length.

PMID- 6814932
TI  - Effects of gaseous ammonia on Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice and rats.
AB  - Effects of gaseous ammonia on Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice and rats were
      investigated with special reference to growth of the organism in the respiratory
      organs and formation of pneumonic lesions. Multiplication of the organism was
      enhanced in both mice and rats exposed to 50 and 100 ppm ammonia, but the growth
      enhancement of the organism was not evident in the animals exposed to 20 ppm
      ammonia. The enhanced multiplication of the organism was especially remarkable in
      the lung of mice, showing a difference of about 10(4) organisms/g lung tissue
      between the exposed and unexposed mice. However, no formation of pneumonic
      lesions was observed in exposed and unexposed groups of both species of animals.

PMID- 6814933
TI  - UDP-galactose inhibition of BALB/3T12-3 cell growth. Requirement for medium
      galactosyltransferase activity.

PMID- 6814934
TI  - Aster formation in sand dollar eggs by microinjection of calcium buffers and
      centriolar complexes isolated from starfish sperm.

PMID- 6814935
TI  - The effect of proteases on endothelial cell migration in vitro.

PMID- 6814936
TI  - Cross-reaction of hnRNP-proteins of HeLa cells with nuclear proteins of
      Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody from clone T7 raised against total nuclear proteins from
      the Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster (Saumweber, H. Symmons. P. Kabisch,
      R. Will, H & Bonhoeffer, F, Chromosoma 80 (1980) 253) [1] showed positive
      immunofluorescent staining on interphase nuclei of HeLa and PTK2 cells. When this
      antibody was allowed to react with several nuclear protein fractions isolated
      from HeLa S3 cells, three polypeptides of molecular weights (MW) 44 000, 63 000
      and 70 000 were identified as the corresponding antigens, all components of hnRNA
      containing ribonucleoprotein particles. Sucrose gradient fractionation of such
      particles after mild RNase treatment and subsequent analysis of the proteins by
      the immunoblotting method revealed that the 44 000 MW antigen was an integral
      part of the ribonuclease-resistant complex. The results support the view that
      hnRNA molecules are associated with certain proteins conserved during evolution
      which may play structural roles in the ribonucleoprotein organization.

PMID- 6814938
TI  - Dopa oxidase expression in fibroblast x melanoma fusions. Extinction in
      heterokaryons and maintenance in non-dividing cybrids.
AB  - Pigmented B-16 mouse melanoma cells were fused with chick embryo fibroblasts or
      fibroblast cytoplasts and maintained as heterokaryons or non-dividing cybrids,
      respectively. These single cells were examined ultrastructurally for evidence or
      pigment gene expression using a cytochemical test for dopa oxidase, the initial
      enzyme in the conversion of dopa to melanin. Heterokaryons showed significantly
      less enzyme activity than control cells, whereas non-dividing cybrids showed no
      significant difference. Therefore, the presence of the intact nuclear membranes
      in the heterokaryons did not serve as a barrier to the interactions resulting in
      extinction of differentiated function(s). However, the presence of the fibroblast
      nucleus was necessary to elicit continued response.

PMID- 6814937
TI  - A library of monoclonal antibodies to nuclear proteins from Drosophila
      melanogaster embryos. Characterization by a cultured cell assay.
AB  - To study the structure and function of the cell nucleus, a library of 170
      monoclonal antibodies was produced to nuclear antigens from 3-6 h old Drosophila
      embryos. In preparation for immunization, nuclei were separated, at neutral pH
      and in the presence of polyamines, into two fractions containing either urea
      soluble non-histone nuclear proteins or histones plus small quantities of non
      histone proteins complexed to DNA. The antibodies were characterized in a rapid,
      indirect immunofluorescent assay employing cultured Drosophila cells (Schneider's
      line 2). Low backgrounds and high specific fluorescence were achieved in this
      assay by purifying the rhodamine-labelled second antibody on a polystyrene resin
      and washing the cells with optimal concentrations of detergents. The assay
      categorized antigens according to their cellular locations: in nuclei, in nuclei
      plus cytoplasm, or primarily in cytoplasm. A subset of nuclear antigens reacted
      specifically with the nuclear envelope. In addition, some antibodies were
      characterized by their reactions with polytene chromosomes. The cultured cell
      assay provides a new, efficient method for expanding this antibody library. The
      monoclonal antibodies in the library now provide highly specific tools for
      investigating structural nuclear proteins and proteins that may be regulatory
      during embryonic development.

PMID- 6814939
TI  - Comparative study of protein synthesis and heat-shock puffing activity in
      Drosophila salivary glands treated with chloramphenicol.
AB  - The effects of chloramphenicol (CAP) on puffing activity and incorporation of
      tritiated amino acids in proteins synthesized by cultured larval salivary glands
      of Drosophila melanogaster were examined. CAP concentrations exceeding 1 mM were
      found to inhibit cellular protein synthesis and to induce the special group of
      heat-shock puffs in the polytene chromosomes. Recovery from a transient treatment
      with 5 mM CAP for 120 min led to rapid regression of the puffs and resumption of
      protein synthesis giving a pattern of labelled polypeptides similar to that
      produced by cells submitted to a temperature shift from 25 to 37 degrees C. Only
      slight inhibition of protein synthesis was found with thiamphenicol, the
      methylsulphonyl analogue of CAP, which induced a single puff in the 93D region,
      but did not alter the pattern of polypeptides. In contrast to the results
      obtained with CAP, recovery from a transient inhibition of protein synthesis by
      cycloheximide led to the synthesis of normal proteins as produced by control
      cells at 25 degrees C. Different effects of CAP which may interfere with protein
      synthesis and puffing activity are discussed.

PMID- 6814941
TI  - Golgi detection in mitotic and interphase cells by antibodies to secreted
      galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Secreted galactosyltransferase from bovine milk was used to induce antibodies
      cross-reacting with corresponding intracellular enzymes in a variety of cell
      lines and tissues. In contrast to the original antigen, the reactive
      intracellular galactosyltransferase appears as individual species (apparent MW
      approx. 42000-46000) in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy affinity-purified IgGs locate the
      galactosyltransferase in a distinct perinuclear and juxtanuclear position
      indicative for the Golgi region. The rearrangement of labelled structures upon
      colcemid or monensin treatment--drugs known to influence Golgi morphology and
      function--is further proof for a Golgi association. The fate and distribution of
      Golgi elements during mitosis is described at the light microscopical level using
      galactosyltransferase as easily identifiable marker. In addition we evaluate the
      utilization of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binding for Golgi identification on
      tissue culture cells and show that WGA is not a reliable marker for certain cell
      types such as MDCK.

PMID- 6814940
TI  - Two sites for calcium action in compaction of the mouse embryo.
AB  - Compact mouse morulae were decompacted in calcium-free medium and allowed to
      recompact in standard embryo culture medium. When the recompaction medium
      contained trifluoperazine (TFP)(0.05 mM), an inhibitor of the calcium-dependent
      protein calmodulin, the embryos failed to recompact. This effect could not be
      overcome by either db-cAMP (1.0 mM) or theophylline (0.75 mg/ml). When the
      recompaction medium contained less than standard calcium (0.085 or 0.17 mM) the
      embryos recompacted at a slower rate than in control medium (1.7 mM). The calcium
      ionophore A23187, at concentrations up to 1.5 X 10(-3) mM, had no significant
      stimulatory effect upon the recompaction rte of embryos in the reduced calcium
      medium. In addition, the calcium antagonist Verapamil (0.3 mM), which blocks
      calcium uptake by cells, significantly inhibited recompaction in standard culture
      medium. Large doses of diazepam inhibited recompaction only slightly in standard
      culture medium. Large doses of diazepam inhibited recompaction only slightly in
      standard culture medium. We conclude that calcium uptake into the cytoplasm is
      required for recompaction, but that cell surface calcium is also required and is
      rate-limiting under these experimental conditions.

PMID- 6814942
TI  - Aldose reductase activity in a cultured human retinal cell line.

PMID- 6814943
TI  - Effect of protein malnutrition on the crosslinking of dermal collagen in aging.
AB  - The effect of protein malnutrition on collagen crosslinking was studied in
      different age groups of rats. The percent of reversibility of neutral salt
      soluble collagen gel and the susceptibility of insoluble collagen to denaturing
      agents and pronase decreased with aging. The electrophoretic pattern of neutral
      salt-soluble collagen on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels showed a
      decrease of alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits and an increase of beta-components,
      resulting in a decrease of alpha/beta ratio in aging. There was a significant
      decrease in the aldehyde content of neutral salt-soluble collagen during age.
      Protein deficiency was found to impair the crosslinking and the effect was
      greater in younger animals than in older ones.

PMID- 6814944
TI  - The effects of corticosteroids on the immediate asthmatic reaction.

PMID- 6814945
TI  - Effects of increased ambient CO2 levels on human and animal health.

PMID- 6814946
TI  - Effect of iron and hemoproteins on hydrogen peroxide-supported styrene oxidation
      to styrene oxide.

PMID- 6814947
TI  - Effect of an ecdysteroid on DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase a and thymidine kinase
      activities of Drosophila melanogaster cells in vitro.

PMID- 6814948
TI  - Monovalent cation conductance in liposomes induced by ionophore A23187.
AB  - In the absence of divalent cations, ionophore A23187 supports low rates of
      monovalent cations loss (Na+ greater than K+) from unilamellar liposomes
      containing the sulfate salts. Monovalent cation efflux is optimal when a pH
      gradient (interior alkaline) is applied. The maximum observed rate of 0.56 ngion
      K+ . min-1 . nmol-1 A23187 is insufficient to account for the rates of K+ efflux
      induced by the ionophore in mitochondria (150 ngion K+ . min-1 . nmol-1 A23187).
      These studies therefore support the concept that A23187 induces loss of K+ from
      mitochondria by removal of regulating divalent cations from an endogenous K+/H+
      exchanger.

PMID- 6814949
TI  - Anti-noradrenergic drugs do not interfere with the development of callosal
      connections in the rat.

PMID- 6814950
TI  - Compounds protective against renal tubular necrosis induced by D-serine and D-2,3
      diaminopropionic acid in the rat.

PMID- 6814951
TI  - Lower nephron toxicity of a highly purified cytotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      in rats.

PMID- 6814952
TI  - [Effect of cordiamine on the enzyme activity of the electron-transport chains of
      the rat liver cytoplasmic network].
AB  - Injection of cordiamine (diethylamide of nicotinic acid) into rats subcutaneously
      in doses of 40 and 120 mg/kg for 4 days led to an increase in the activity of
      NADPH-oxidase, NADPH-cytochrome-c- and nitrotetrasolium reductases, as well as to
      an elevation of cytochrome P450 content in the liver cytoplasmic network. As
      regards the pattern of enzyme induction, cordiamine is classified with inductors
      of the phenobarbital type. However, as to the activation potency, it is
      noticeably inferior to phenobarbital. Electron-transport function of the enzymes
      of the NADH-dependent redox-chain of the organella does not show essential
      changes after cordiamine injection.

PMID- 6814953
TI  - Novel rifamycins. I-Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-hydrazinorifamycin
      derivatives.
AB  - A number of semisynthetic rifamycin derivatives, modified at position 3,
      belonging to general structures (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) and (VIII)
      (see Scheme), have been prepared. The synthesis, structure, and antimicrobial
      evaluation of the new compounds are described. All the derivatives have in vitro
      antibacterial activities comparable with that of rifampicin.

PMID- 6814954
TI  - Release of leukotriene C4 from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes as determined
      by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with a conjugate of leukotriene (LT) C4 and bovine serum
      albumin prepared by coupling the single free amino group of the hapten to the
      protein using gluteraldehyde. Binding of [3H]LTC4 to the antibodies obtained is
      inhibited by 50% with 1.5 ng LTC4. The relative cross-reaction of LTD4 is 16% and
      of LTC4-methyl ester 3.6%. The validity of the radioimmunoassay was demonstrated
      by comparison with bioassay using the isolated guinea pig ileum. Using the
      radioimmunoassay it could be shown that endogenous LTC4 is released in a dose
      dependent manner by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated with the
      divalent cation ionophore A23187.

PMID- 6814956
TI  - Two types of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation in rabbit leukocytes.

PMID- 6814957
TI  - Differentiation of immunochemically related enzymes in different primate species
      by monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6814958
TI  - Evidence for the presence of high-Mr microtubule-associated proteins and their
      Ca2+-dependent proteolysis in synaptosomal cytosol.
AB  - Calcium-dependent proteolysis of several polypeptides from rat brain and
      synaptosomal cytosol was observed including proteolysis of polypeptides of Mr 340
      000 and 300 000. These latter polypeptides comigrated with high-Mr microtubule
      associated proteins of microtubule preparations from brain or synaptosomal
      cytosol. Calcium influx into intact synaptosomes due to depolarisation with high
      potassium or veratridine or treatment with the ionophore A23187 did not result in
      Ca2+-dependent proteolysis of any polypeptides. This may be due to the low
      calcium sensitivity of the protease since no proteolysis of the Mr 340 000 and
      300 000 polypeptides was seen in synaptosomal cytosol at less than 10 microM free
      Ca2+.

PMID- 6814955
TI  - The absence of detectable methylated bases in Drosophila melanogaster DNA.

PMID- 6814960
TI  - Characteristics of an ATP-dependent proteolytic system of rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 6814959
TI  - Carbon dioxide hydration activity and metal--substrate distances of manganese
      (II) human carbonic anhydrase B determined by 13C magnetization--transfer NMR.

PMID- 6814961
TI  - The effect of O-chlorobenzylidine malononitrile on spermatogenesis in the rat.

PMID- 6814962
TI  - Effect of centrophenoxin on the sperm motility in mice.

PMID- 6814963
TI  - Clinical application of research in electrosurgery.

PMID- 6814965
TI  - High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein a-1 concentrations in non
      insulin dependent diabetics treated by diet and chlorpropamide.
AB  - Fasting serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and
      apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) were determined in non-insulin dependent diabetes at
      diagnosis, diabetics treated by diet alone, diabetics treated by diet plus
      chlorpropamide, and normal controls matched for sex, age and body weight. Serum
      concentrations of HDLC and apo A-I were decreased in all groups of diabetics.
      There were no significant differences in HDLC and apo A-I concentrations between
      the diabetics at diagnosis and those treated by diet alone or diet plus
      chlorpropamide. Neither HDLC nor apo A-I concentrations were correlated with
      glucose concentrations. The results indicate that serum concentrations of HDLC
      and apo A-I are reduced in non-insulin dependent diabetics at diagnosis, and are
      not significantly affected by chronic diet and chlorpropamide therapy.

PMID- 6814966
TI  - Inactivation of glutamine: 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase in
      Bacillus subtilis: oxidation of an essential Fe-S centre precedes selective
      degradation.

PMID- 6814964
TI  - Growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in insulin-dependent
      diabetics with or without severe microvascular lesions.
AB  - Plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) were determined in fifty-two non obese
      insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) and in twenty eight control patients before and
      after the i.v. administration of 250 micrograms in thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH). The mean basal plasma GH level in the IDD was normal. Administration of
      TRH elicited a rise of GH above 6 ng/ml in 40% of the IDD whereas no elevation
      occurred in any control subject. The basal and post-stimulative GH levels were
      similar in diabetics with mild retinopathy and in diabetics without microvascular
      lesions. The basal and peak plasma GH levels as well as the GH increase after TRH
      were significantly higher in ten patients with nephropathy and severe retinopathy
      than in 42 IDD having no detectable renal damage. It is concluded that there is a
      disturbance of GH secretion in IDD. This abnormality seems to be independent of
      the short-term glycemic control and appears to be partially related to the
      presence of severe microvascular lesions. The present results do not prove a
      causal relationship between the abnormal GH secretion and the development of the
      diabetic microangiopathy as the pituitary dysfunction could also be a consequence
      of central microvascular lesions.

PMID- 6814967
TI  - Effects of brain extracts on the proliferation and the maturation of astroglial
      and oligodendroglial cells in culture.

PMID- 6814968
TI  - Bioavailability of paediatric mixtures containing phenoxymethylpenicillin calcium
      or potassium salt.
AB  - The bioavailability of the calcium and potassium salts of phenoxymethyl
      penicillin (dose 38,000 I.U./kg) was investigated in eight healthy adult
      volunteers. Administration of the calcium salt as an aqueous oral mixture
      resulted in a mean peak plasma concentration of 8.52 mg/l (SD 1 X 96) and that of
      the potassium salt mixture in a concentration of 8.40 mg/ml (SD 2.61), p greater
      than 0.1. The median time-to-peak levels were 0.75 h and 1.0 h, respectively (p
      greater than 0.1). The mean AUC for the calcium salt mixture was 16.94 mg X h/l
      (SD 3.31) and for the potassium salt 15.84 mg X h/l (SD 4.76), p less than 0.09.
      These findings confirm that an aqueous mixture of calcium phenoxymethylpenicillin
      is equivalent to a mixture of potassium phenoxymethylpenicillin.

PMID- 6814969
TI  - Biologic effect of a hybrid preparation of human chorionic gonadotropin in human
      subjects.
AB  - Alpha and beta-hCG subunits were recombined generating a hybrid hCG preparation
      (AB1ER-CR-2XY) which met the required specifications of a pharmaceutical product.
      The biologic activity contained in each vial of AB1ER-CR-2XY was equivalent to 10
      000IU of hCG-IS. This preparation was given as a single dose of 10 000IU by the
      i.m. route to four female subjects presenting unexplained infertility. The hCG
      hybrid was demonstrated to effect gonadal stimulation in humans.

PMID- 6814970
TI  - Ovulation-inhibiting properties of Org OD 14.
AB  - Org OD 14 has recently been shown to be an interesting new steroid for the
      treatment of menopausal women. In view of the importance of treatment of
      perimenopausal women, in whom ovulation might occur, the aim of the present study
      was to assess whether or not Org OD 14, administered orally in a daily dose of
      2.5 mg for 21 days, inhibits ovulation. Sixteen healthy female volunteers, aged
      20-34 years and with established ovulatory cycles, were studied during a control
      cycle and a treatment cycle. Daily measurements of the plasma levels of FSH, LH,
      E2, P and PRL were made. Endometrial specimens were obtained from nine of the
      volunteers between 23rd and 25th day of both cycles. The criteria for an
      ovulatory cycle were: (1) mid-cycle FSH, LH and E2 peaks; (2) criteria (1)
      followed by a rise in the P levels of greater than 10 ng/ml; (3) a luteal phase
      of at least 12 days; (4) biphasic behaviour of E2; and, (5) secretory endometrium
      on days 23-25 of the cycle. All control cycles were ovulatory. During the
      treatment the mid-cycle FSH, LH and E2 peaks disappeared, and P levels remained
      very low. PRL levels showed an occasional moderate rise in some of the
      volunteers. Endometrial specimens showed a secretory pattern during the control
      cycle, and different degrees of proliferation during the treatment cycle in all
      nine volunteers. It was concluded that Org OD 14 inhibited ovulation in all 16
      volunteers.

PMID- 6814973
TI  - Stimulated synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in suspension cultures of hepatocytes
      from subacutely injured livers.
AB  - Parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells were isolated from normal and thioacetamide
      injured rat livers, respectively. The cells were incubated in suspension cultures
      in the presence of [35S]-sulfate to study the synthesis of total and specific
      types of glycosaminoglycans. It is found that the production of total labeled
      glycosaminoglycans is stimulated about threefold in hepatocytes from liver
      injured for 2 days with a single intraperitoneal dose of thioacetamide (100 mg/kg
      b.w.) if compared to respective control cell incubations. Hepatocytes from rats
      injured for 2 months with thioacetamide also produced significantly more
      glycosaminoglycans than normal ones. In earlier stages of injury, i.e. 3 h after
      application of the drug, total glycosaminoglycan synthesis is depressed by about
      40%. The pattern of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by hepatocytes from preinjured
      livers is changed in comparison to that of normal cells. The portion of HNO2
      susceptible glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) decreases whereas that of
      chondroitin ABC-lyase digestible material (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate)
      increases. Thus, synthesis and secretion of the latter types of
      glycosaminoglycans in suspension cultures of hepatocytes from subacutely injured
      livers are about 3-fold elevated. This fact indicates the possible fibrogenic
      potency of hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cell incubations from normal and injured
      livers, respectively, were unable to incorporate any significant amount of [35S]
      sulfate into glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6814971
TI  - [Use of a new steroid (Org OD 14) in the climacteric syndrome].
AB  - A double-blind study was carried out in 60 women with climacteric symptoms: 30
      women were given Org OD 14 (2.5 mg) and 30 were given a placebo to be taken daily
      for six weeks. The effects of the medication on the climacteric symptoms, the
      subjective sensations, the plasma FSH levels and endometrial histology were
      studied. In the treated group compared with the control group the relief or
      improvement of the following climacteric symptoms were recorded: perspiration,
      palpitations, irritability and backache. A favourable effect on the subjective
      sensations was noted in both groups, although no significant difference for the
      group which received Org OD 14 was found. At the end of the treatment with Org OD
      14, the FSH levels were found to be greatly reduced in comparison with the basal
      values; this, however, was not the case with the placebo group. With regard to
      endometrial histology, no sign of hyperplasia was found in any of the patients.
      No relevant side effects or symptoms of estrogenic or androgenic stimulation were
      recorded. For the climacteric patient needing estrogen therapy, it can be
      concluded that Org OD 14 is an effective and innocuous medication in the doses
      used.

PMID- 6814975
TI  - In-dept prognosis avoids bed blocking.

PMID- 6814972
TI  - An assessment of the masked message hypothesis: sea urchin egg messenger
      ribonucleoprotein complexes are efficient templates for in vitro protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 6814974
TI  - Intestinal drug metabolizing systems (phase I and phase II) in rats fed vitamin A
      deficient diet and aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6814976
TI  - Glucose and insulin changes following a renoportal shunt in streptozotocin
      diabetic rats with pancreatic islet isografts under the kidney capsule.
AB  - The effect on glucose metabolism of altering the site of the venous drainage of
      an isograft of isolated adult islets implanted beneath the renal capsule, from
      the systemic circulation to the portal circulation was determined in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Reversal of diabetes was accomplished by
      the transplantation of 1000-1200 isolated islets beneath the left kidney capsule.
      The rate of fall of the glucose concentration (as expressed by the K value) was
      found to be significantly decreased in transplanted animals (1.7 +/- 0.5%/min;
      mean +/- SD) compared with normal animals (2.4 +/- 0.5%/min). Draining the left
      renal vein into the portal circulation restored the K value to that of normal
      animals (2.5 +/- 0.4%). However the fasting glucose concentration was
      significantly higher and the basal insulin levels lower in both normal and
      transplanted rats with a renoportal shunt.

PMID- 6814978
TI  - Vanishing intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus.

PMID- 6814979
TI  - Post-operative bile secretion in man--quantification of bile fraction utilizing
      unlabelled mannitol.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with external bile fistula created operatively for
      choledocholithiasis or malignant tumors were subjected to measurement of biliary
      mannitol clearance as an indicator of canalicular bile flow. The clearance
      measurement was performed by the single injection method in 29 cases and the
      constant infusion method in 12 cases, either of which consisted of administering
      mannitol intravenously and then directly measuring its concentrations in the
      plasma and the bile by Tibbling's method. The clearance value of either method
      was in good agreement with each other, and the bile fractions thus obtained were
      almost equal to those obtained from the clearance measurement done by Boyer,
      using radioisotope. The bile fractions were measured in 8 patients with T-tube on
      the 2nd and 16th post-operative days. Ductal bile flow was easy to vary,
      accelerated in cholangitis or bile duct dilatation and decreased as the infection
      subsided or the obstruction was relieved, while canalicular bile flow steadily
      increased postoperatively. However, of the patients given biliary drainage for
      obstructive jaundice due to malignant tumors, 4 cases with persistent
      postoperative hyperbilirubinemia had the reduced canalicular flow. Three other
      patients presenting with excessive bile output showed not only low canalicular
      flow but also high ductal flow.

PMID- 6814977
TI  - Diabetic glomerulopathy in the uninephrectomized rat resists amelioration
      following islet transplantation.
AB  - Uninephrectomy is known to accelerate the development of both functional and
      morphological changes seen with experimental diabetic nephropathy in the rat. The
      present experiments utilized electron and light microscopic morphometric
      techniques to assess glomerular basement membrane width and the volumes of the
      total mesangium and its cellular and matrix components of inbred Lewis rats made
      diabetic at 6 weeks of age and uninephrectomized 9 days later. Immunofluorescent
      microscopy was used to evaluate IgG and C3 in the mesangium. The reversibility of
      established diabetic glomerular lesions in uninephrectomized diabetic rats after
      7 months of diabetes was studied by performing intraportal transplant of neonatal
      pancreatic tissue. Renal biopsies were taken 2 months later in transplanted and
      non-transplanted animals. Islet transplantation lowered plasma glucose to normal
      levels (29.6 to 7.3 mmol/l) and raised plasma insulin values (6.3 to 53 muU/I).
      Glomerular basement membrane width in transplanted rats (268 nm) still exceeded
      the same measure (226 nm) in nondiabetic uninephrectomized rats. In transplanted
      animals volumes of the mesangium (0.51 x 10(6) micrometers 3) and of its cellular
      (0.27 x 10(6) micrometers 3) and matrix (0.24 x 10(6) micrometers 3) components
      remained higher than similar measures in control rats (0.32 x 10(6), 0.17 x 10(6)
      and 0.15 x 10(6) micrometers 3, respectively). Mesangial IgG in treated animals
      approached normal, but mesangial C3 remained similar to levels in non
      transplanted diabetic control animals. These observations in uninephrectomized
      diabetic rats contrast with previous observations in intact diabetic rats in
      which mesangial volumes and localization of immunoglobulins and complement
      returned to normal levels following islet transplantation.

PMID- 6814980
TI  - [Cervico-vaginal flora of patients with invasive cervical cancer prior to and
      following radiotherapy--a prospective study].

PMID- 6814981
TI  - Biochemical and immunological characterization of pituitary hormones from the
      ostrich (Struthio camelus).

PMID- 6814982
TI  - Prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion in wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during
      the annual cycle and in relation to nesting, incubation, and rearing young.

PMID- 6814983
TI  - [Comparative study of plasmid transformation in competent cells and protoplasts
      of Bacillus subtilis].
AB  - The effect of different factors which inhibit transformation with chromosomal DNA
      on plasmid transformation of competent cells and protoplasts was examined. The
      treatment with EDTA, dinitrophenol, CdCl2 and different temperature shifts
      affects significantly less plasmid transformation of protoplasts than plasmid and
      chromosomal transformation of competent cells. These data point out the different
      mechanisms of DNA uptake by competent cells and protoplasts.

PMID- 6814984
TI  - The effect of etidronate disodium (EHDP) on retinopathy in insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study the effect of etidronate disodium (EHDP) on
      retinopathy, plasma inorganic phosphate and blood oxygen transport was assessed
      in 26 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Following 6 months of EHDP
      administration, plasma inorganic phosphate had increased significantly (1.48 vs
      1.14 mmol/l; P less than 0.01). Red cell, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration
      (16.9 vs 15.1 mumol/g Hb; P less than 0.01) and the haemoglobin-oxygen affinity
      measured by pO2 at 50% oxygen saturation (P50) had also increased significantly
      (27.5 vs 26.3 mmHg; P less than 0.01). No changes had occurred in mean blood
      glucose and haemoglobin A1c concentrations, indicating a comparable degree of
      glucose regulation. Following 6 months of EHDP administration an association was
      found between improvement in retinopathy and the increase in plasma inorganic
      phosphate.

PMID- 6814985
TI  - [A rare form of optical, choroidal and retinal dysplasia combined with an
      occipital encephalocele].
AB  - Report on the case of a female infant born with an occipital encephalocele and
      colobomas of the optic disc, chorioid, and retina. These clinical signs together
      with respiratory disturbances suggest a Joubert syndrome and a Pfeiffer syndrome.
      The differential diagnosis of these syndromes is discussed. An analysis of the
      clinical data indicates a genetic risk of 25% for further siblings.

PMID- 6814986
TI  - [Refractory ovarian syndrome. Report of 3 cases].

PMID- 6814987
TI  - [Diagnosis of fetal erythroblastosis and therapeutic procedures in blood group
      incompatibility].

PMID- 6814988
TI  - [Basis of the need for the parenteral feeding of gastrostomy patients
      esophagoplasty for cicatricial stricture].

PMID- 6814989
TI  - The present of situation in treatment and prognosis of childhood acute
      lymphocytic leukemia with an outlook for the future.

PMID- 6814990
TI  - Hb Belfast (beta 15 (A 12) Trp leads to Arg) in combination with G6PD deficiency
      in an Italian carrier.

PMID- 6814991
TI  - Free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) in the diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia trait and
      iron deficiency anaemia.

PMID- 6814992
TI  - Cell proliferation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Studies with thymidine
      labeling and in vitro colony assay.

PMID- 6814993
TI  - A new method for revealing alloantibodies to human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6814994
TI  - Long-term survival in adult acute leukemia. A multicenter study of 56 patients.

PMID- 6814995
TI  - Thrombocytosis in subjects with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic
      metamorphosis. Clinical remarks and therapeutic considerations (5 case reports).

PMID- 6814996
TI  - [Clinical and hematological characteristics and MOPP tolerance of patients with
      Hodgkin's lymphoma in the bone marrow].

PMID- 6814997
TI  - Ultrastructural study in a case of haemoglobin H disease.

PMID- 6814998
TI  - Familial leukemia: uncommon type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in two sisters.

PMID- 6814999
TI  - Acute erythroblastic leukemia (di guglielmo's disease) as a terminating event in
      a very-long survivor (27 years) with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6815000
TI  - [Ph l-chromosome-positive preleukemic syndrome with rapid development into acute
      myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 6815001
TI  - [Antithrombin III deficiency in an Italian family. case report].

PMID- 6815002
TI  - Evidence that mouse receptor on lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
      might be an IgM-receptor (mu Fc-R).

PMID- 6815003
TI  - Monitoring trace elements in cells from the blood of patients with acute
      myeloblastic, chronic lymphocytic and chronic granulocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6815004
TI  - Erythropoietic mechanism of androgens: a critical review and clinical
      implications.

PMID- 6815005
TI  - The effect of work environment contaminated with organic solvents on the
      enzymatic composition of neutrophils.

PMID- 6815006
TI  - [4 new cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the breast].

PMID- 6815007
TI  - [Treatment of cryoglobulinemia with pyritinol].

PMID- 6815008
TI  - Diagnosis with monoclonal antibodies of "T acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"
      expressing an unusual phenotype.

PMID- 6815009
TI  - HLA typing of human fetuses.

PMID- 6815010
TI  - Evidence for the existence of two populations of erythroid cells in a case of
      congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II.

PMID- 6815011
TI  - Survival of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) after
      cryopreservation as a function of the time of storage.

PMID- 6815012
TI  - DNA repair in human lymphocytes after treatment with Vincristine, Chlorambucil
      and Cyclophosphamide in vitro.

PMID- 6815014
TI  - Clinical and biological aspects of acute monocytic leukemia (a retrospective
      study of 29 patients).

PMID- 6815013
TI  - [Detection of carriers of hemophilia A using 3 methods of statistical analysis].

PMID- 6815015
TI  - [Marrow infiltration in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (71 consecutive bone
      marrow biopsies)].

PMID- 6815016
TI  - Association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma: report of a
      case and review of the literature.

PMID- 6815017
TI  - [Psychological adjustment of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma 5 years after
      completing treatment].

PMID- 6815018
TI  - Ph1 duplication, t(13q-; 14q+) and trisomy 19 in a case with chronic myeloid
      leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis at presentation.

PMID- 6815019
TI  - Recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis due to an acquired antithrombin III
      deficiency?

PMID- 6815020
TI  - S IgA on blast cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6815021
TI  - [Malignant myelosclerosis ("acute myelofibrosis") developing into acute
      myeloblastic leukemia. Clinical and pathologic study of a case].

PMID- 6815022
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in hypothyroidism: an accidental
      association?].

PMID- 6815023
TI  - Pancytopenia associated with disseminated tuberculosis.

PMID- 6815024
TI  - High yields and improved efficiency in granulocyte collection by combination of
      three leukapheresis techniques.

PMID- 6815025
TI  - Endocrine study after interruption of therapy in 41 children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6815026
TI  - Comparative cytochemical assessment of granulocyte cationic proteins in patients
      presenting chronic myelosis and leukemoid reaction.

PMID- 6815027
TI  - The treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children.

PMID- 6815028
TI  - Lethal tachmalcor intoxications in childhood.

PMID- 6815029
TI  - The treatment of suppurative surgical wounds with propolis.

PMID- 6815030
TI  - Changes in porphyrin metabolism in overweight diabetic patients.

PMID- 6815031
TI  - The effect of Sr2+ on Ca-free EGTA resistant contractions.

PMID- 6815032
TI  - Microcrystalloscopic reactions for identification of the antidepressants
      imipramine, amitriptyline and nomifensine.

PMID- 6815033
TI  - Pancytopenias--clinicodiagnostical and therapeutical problems.

PMID- 6815034
TI  - Product biosynthesis in continuous fermentation.

PMID- 6815035
TI  - Influence of pH on the formation and location of beta-glucosidase in Aspergillus
      terreus grown on ceLlulose.
AB  - Wild strain of Aspergillus terreus is very good producer of beta-glucosidase. It
      produces 15 nkat/mL (0.9 IU/mL) of extraceLlular beta-glucosidase at pH 5.0. The
      medium pH level strongly affects the production and binding of beta-glucosidase
      on the cells and on residual cellulose. At pH 4.0 the rate of enzyme synthesis
      and the level of total activity is highest but 60-75% of this activity is bound.
      At higher pH levels the enzyme is mainly released to the medium.

PMID- 6815036
TI  - Ecology and population dynamics of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea.
AB  - The pygmy marmoset population of a 3-km2 sample area of Amazonian lowland forest
      was censused and monitored intensively between September 1976 and January 1978.
      Floodplain forest constituted the habitat of Cebuella and supported a population
      density of 51.5 independently locomoting individuals (ILI) per square kilometer.
      The highest population concentration occurred along the edges of the river, where
      the density reached 274 ILI per km2. Adults comprised about one half of the total
      population. About 83% of the population lived in stable troops; the remaining 17%
      was made up by incipiently associated pairs and solitary individuals. Stable
      troops were made up of 1 breeding female, her mate, and her maturing offspring of
      up to four successive litters. Moreover, some troops contained 1-2 additional
      adult members. Troop size ranged from 2 to 9 ILI, with a modal size of 6 ILI. The
      births showed two annual peaks and the interbirth intervals ranged between 5 and
      7 months. Infant survival was about 67%. Exudates (sap and gums) of trees and
      vines, insects and arachnids constituted the principal food resources of the
      population. The troops occupied exclusive home ranges of 0.2-0.4 ha. Several
      troops changed home range sites temporarily or permanently in the course of the
      study.

PMID- 6815037
TI  - Mutagenicity screening of popular Thai spices.
AB  - Mutagenicity screening was carried out on 31 samples of popular Thai spices
      derived from 12 different families of plants, namely the Amaryllidaceae (2),
      Graminae (1), Labiatae (4), Lauraceae (1), Magnoliaceae (1), Myristicaceae (2),
      Myrtaceae (2), Piperaceae (3), Rutaceae (2), Solanaceae (2), Umbelliferae (2) and
      Zingiberaceae (9). Two variations of the rapid streak method of rec-assay in
      Bacillus subtilis strains H17 (rec+) and M45 (rec-) were used. Only Ceylon
      cinnamon (the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees of the family Lauraceae) showed
      mutagenic activity. The crude form of this spice and its water-heated and water
      macerated residues all produced the rec effect, while water-heated and water
      macerated filtrates did not, even in concentrations equivalent to as much as 50
      mg solids/test disc.

PMID- 6815038
TI  - A review of lateral ankle ligamentous reconstructions.
AB  - We have performed on ongoing retrospective and prospective multi-institutional
      review of 50 patients who underwent 53 lateral ligamentous reconstructive
      procedures of the ankle. The point grading system used for postoperative
      evaluation of our patients allowed for classification of functional activity. The
      grading system included evaluation of the patient's return to preinjury
      activities and athletics, degree of pain, degree of swelling, number of recurrent
      sprains, and any disability that the patient incurred secondary to the tendon
      transfer. Preoperative and postoperative stress radiographs were obtained to
      evaluate the talar tilt angle. Of our 53 lateral ankle ligamentous
      reconstructions, we consider 45 to be excellent, with the patients returning to
      full activity and athletics. Our results show no statistically significant
      difference in long-term function among the five ligamentous repairs employed in
      this series (Pearson Chi-square test; chi 2 = 2.30, df = 4, P = 0.68). No
      correlation could be made between the long-term clinical response of the various
      procedures and the postoperative talar tilt angle. We conclude that lateral
      ligamentous reconstructive repairs of the ankle are indicated, and that good or
      excellent clinical results, greater than 91%, can be obtained with any of the
      five reconstructive procedures, performed correctly.

PMID- 6815039
TI  - Sprained ankles in ballet dancers.
AB  - Ankle sprains are common in dancers. They result from working in the positions
      which allow increased risk of sprain on the lateral side of the ankle for many
      hours a day. One hundred ankle injuries were evaluated. The mechanisms of injury
      are presented, as well as a classification of these injuries. The recommended
      treatment and rehabilitation are discussed. Leg muscle strength must be restored
      before rehabilitation is considered complete.

PMID- 6815040
TI  - [Diseases of the endocrine organs during pregnancy. 2. Thyroid and adrenal cortex
      diseases].

PMID- 6815041
TI  - [Islet autotransplantation into main portal vein v.s. portal branch after total
      pancreatectomy in the pig].

PMID- 6815042
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin diabetes on the pituitary-testicular axis in the rat.
AB  - The pituitary-testicular axis was investigated in the streptozotocin diabetic
      male rat to determine the relationship between hormonal alterations and
      steroidogenic activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used in
      all experiments. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg body
      wt.) of streptozotocin and they were studied with non-diabetic controls. The
      observations on these animals were compared to those from diabetic rats treated
      with 1-5 IU protamine zinc insulin. Steroidogenic activity was determined by
      measuring the per cent of [4-14C]-cholesterol converted to [4-14C]-pregnenolone
      and [4-14C]-progesterone. Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin were
      measured by RIA. Streptozotocin induced diabetes resulted in significantly
      reduced plasma LH (34%, p less than 0.20) and prolactin (53%, p less than 0.001)
      but did not modify FSH concentrations. Insulin treatment completely and partially
      restored abnormal LH and prolactin release. The activity of the enzyme cleaving
      the side-chain of cholesterol (rate limiting step in steroidogenesis) was
      considerably reduced in the diabetic state (59%, p less than 0.002) and insulin
      treatment restored it to even supranormal levels (not significant). Our findings
      suggest that insulin may play a physiological and differential role in regulating
      the secretory activity of the anterior pituitary. The insulin is needed for
      normal LH and prolactin release and Leydig cells function but its role in FSH
      release and Sertoli cells function is not clear.

PMID- 6815043
TI  - Long-term treatment with lisuride suppresses prolactin but not thyrotropin
      secretion.

PMID- 6815044
TI  - Nitroglycerin improves the hemodynamic response to vasopressin in portal
      hypertension.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate whether the addition of nitroglycerin to
      vasopressin infusion could avoid the deleterious systemic effects of vasopressin
      while maintaining or enhancing the therapeutic benefits of portal pressure
      reduction. The effect of nitroglycerin on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics
      was studied in cirrhotic patients and portal hypertensive dogs receiving i.v.
      vasopressin. During i.v vasopressin infusion (0.4 units per min), the cardiac
      output decreased in patients by 14% from 7.6 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- S.E.) to 6.5 +/-
      0.7 liters per min, p less than 0.01, the mean arterial pressure increased 21%
      from 87 +/- 2 to 105 +/- 4, p less than 0.01, and the heart rate decreased 11%
      from 79 +/- 3 to 71 +/- 3, p less than 0.01. The administration of sublingual
      nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) returned all the systemic hemodynamic parameters to
      baseline values. In dogs, vasopressin infusion significantly reduced portal
      pressure and flow while increasing portal venous resistance. Nitroglycerin when
      added to the vasopressin infusion reduced portal venous resistance and further
      decreased portal pressure in dogs. In patients, vasopressin reduced the hepatic
      blood flow (44%), wedged hepatic venous pressure (11%), and the gradient between
      wedged and free hepatic venous pressures (23%). Nitroglycerin administration
      caused a further reduction of the wedged hepatic venous pressure (23.6 +/- 2.3 to
      21.1 +/- 2.0, 11%, p less than 0.01). There was a small but not significant
      further decline (7%) in the hepatic venous pressure gradient. These results
      provide evidence that the addition of nitroglycerin to an i.v. infusion of
      vasopressin reversed the detrimental effects of vasopressin while preserving the
      beneficial effects.

PMID- 6815045
TI  - Immunofluorescence of phenobarbital inducible cytochrome P-450 in the hepatic
      lobule of normal and phenobarbital-treated rats.
AB  - The localization of the form of cytochrome P-450 that is induced by phenobarbital
      was studied by direct immunofluorescence in the hepatocytes of rats pretreated
      with phenobarbital in comparison with saline-treated rats. Specific fluorescence
      was seen in the hepatocyte cytoplasm in saline- and phenobarbital-treated rats; a
      more concentrated halo of fluorescence was detected surrounding the nuclei in the
      centrilobular zones after phenobarbital treatment. In the saline-treated rats,
      fluorescence was barely discernible but slightly more intense in the
      centrilobular than perilobular zones. In phenobarbital-treated rats, fluorescence
      was much more intense, with a similar but much greater difference between the
      centrilobular and perilobular zones. The tissue distribution and induction site
      of this component of the cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal system may be
      relevant to the site of drug toxicity and the development of chemical
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6815046
TI  - Valproate-induced hepatic steatogenesis in rats.
AB  - The administration of high-dose valproic acid (VPA) (750 mg per kg) consistently
      produced significant microvesicular steatosis in mature Sprague-Dawley rats after
      48 hr. Similar changes occurred in animals pretreated with phenobarbital which
      received a lower dose of VPA (350 mg per kg), but no steatosis was seen in
      animals treated with the low-dose VPA alone. The steatogenic effect of VPA is
      most likely mediated by a toxic metabolite. It can also be speculated that
      phenobarbital, by enhancing the inducing effects of the hepatic mixed-function
      oxidase system, may lead to increased conversion of VPA to a toxic metabolite.
      Young and weanling rats appeared to be resistant to the steatogenic effects of
      VPA. Reproduction of microvesicular steatosis in this experimental; model may
      permit exploration of factors that enhance or inhibit VPA-induced hepatic injury.

PMID- 6815047
TI  - Partial hospitalization: state of the art.
AB  - While partial hospitalization as a treatment modality has existed since the 1930s
      it has been only recently begun to gain widespread attention. The attempts at
      defining partial hospitalization are traced to the current standards and
      guidelines. The authors review studies of efficacy and cost-effectiveness and
      find that partial hospitalization almost invariably compares favorably with
      inpatient treatment. There are a number of factors militating against increased
      use of the modality, including haziness in the definitions of goals and target
      populations, prejudice among clinicians and patients, institutions' resistance to
      relinquishing beds, and difficulty in establishing third-party reimbursement. The
      state of the art in partial hospitalization is an attempt to translate face-value
      validity into an acceptable and fundable alternative to inpatient treatment. The
      authors conclude that, despite the relatively small growth of programs nationwide
      and the reluctance of third-party payers to reimburse for the modality, partial
      hospitalization has an enduring role as a treatment modality.

PMID- 6815048
TI  - Veterans of New Jersey's system assess DRG-based reimbursement.

PMID- 6815049
TI  - TEFRA: HCFA's case mix indexes present problems for hospitals.

PMID- 6815050
TI  - Severity index applied to DRGs accounts for sicker patients.

PMID- 6815051
TI  - Toxic cardiomyopathy due to doxorubicin.

PMID- 6815052
TI  - A young man with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 6815054
TI  - Transplantation: immunogenetic and clinical aspects--Part I.

PMID- 6815053
TI  - Cutaneous myiasis: devils in the flesh.

PMID- 6815055
TI  - The reluctant schoolboy and the persistent bellyache.

PMID- 6815056
TI  - Calling a spade a spade.

PMID- 6815057
TI  - Possibly abnormal ECG in a young man.

PMID- 6815058
TI  - The descent of man and the ascent of the Darwins.

PMID- 6815059
TI  - Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6815060
TI  - Postherpetic neuralgia.

PMID- 6815061
TI  - Managing duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6815062
TI  - Bilateral lymphadenitis in a Filipino woman.

PMID- 6815063
TI  - Controversies in cardiology. Proposed: low-dose aspirin should be taken daily
      after age 40 if total serum cholesterol is greater than 160.

PMID- 6815064
TI  - How E. coli got its name.

PMID- 6815065
TI  - Immunopathology of persistent viral infections.

PMID- 6815066
TI  - The case of the abdominal smuggler.

PMID- 6815068
TI  - Genetic decision making and pastoral care. The dimensions of the problem.

PMID- 6815067
TI  - DIC: identification and management.

PMID- 6815069
TI  - Recurrent abdominal pain in a healthy 35-year-old.

PMID- 6815070
TI  - The inhibition by lysine of the activation of the first component of complement,
      C1.
AB  - Lysine prevented the activation of Cl at low ionic strength or by heat aggregated
      IgG (aggIgG) measured by the hydrolysis of acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester (ATEe) by
      Cls. When serum was mixed with aggIgG, complement was activated and consumed. If
      lysine was present in the serum containing aggIgG, the activation of complement,
      thus its consumption, was inhibited in a dose-response manner. Cl haemolysis
      assay which measures the Cl activity to interact with EA (erythrocytes bound with
      antibody) was used to study the effects of lysine. The results indicate that 50%
      of Cl haemolysis was inhibited at 3 mM of lysine. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      indicates that Cl in the serum was activated by aggIgG, but Cls thus formed
      seemed to be soon complexed with Cl inactivator. The presence of lysine prevented
      the conversion of Cls to Cls completely. It might be possible that lysine binds
      with the binding sites on Clq, thus preventing the interaction of Clq and C gamma
      2.

PMID- 6815071
TI  - Current status and perspectives of immunomodulators of microbial origin.
AB  - The chemical structure and characteristics, the antitumour activity, the
      antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic activities, immunological
      properties and mode of action of immunomodulators of microbial origin, especially
      antitumour polysaccharide lentinan, have been discussed immunopharmacologically
      in comparison with pachymaran, schizophyllan, DiLuzio's yeast glucan, Coriolus
      preparation PS-K, Streptococcal preparation OK-432, Nocardia rubra cell wall
      skeleton N-CWS together with BCG and Corynebacterium parvum. Lentinan exerts its
      inhibitory action not only on allogeneic tumours but also on syngeneic and
      autologous tumours, and prevents chemical and viral carcinogenesis. The phase III
      randomized control study of lentinan in cancer patients with gastric and colo
      rectal cancer showed the clinical efficacy of lentinan in prolonging the life
      span and improving host immune responses. Experimental and clinical application
      demonstrated the advantage of N-CWS over BCG-CWS, and a recent study on OK-432
      showed similar results to those obtained with C. parvum. In future work on
      microbial immunomodulators, it will be essential to find a parameter of the host
      tumour relationship which will indicate the protocol for application of
      immunomodulators, and to find a new-type of selective immunostimulant. For this
      purpose, exhaustive studies on lymphokines, monokines and lymphocyte tropic
      hormones are indispensable.

PMID- 6815072
TI  - Human Ia molecules carrying DC1 or BR4X7 determinants are not homologous to
      murine I-E molecules.
AB  - An anti-I-Ek alloantiserum was shown to react with purified human Ia preparation.
      All Ia preparations tested were actively bound irrespective of their HLA-DR
      phenotypes. However, from a quantitative point of view, DR7 molecules were
      significantly less reactive. No reaction was observed with isolated Ia subunits.
      Only molecules carrying DR determinants, but not those carrying either DC1 or
      BR4X7 determinants, were bound.

PMID- 6815074
TI  - Evaluation of swab culture method of Kudoh and Kudoh for cultivation of M.
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 6815073
TI  - Xid-defective male (CBA/N X C57BL/6)F1 accessory cells present bovine insulin to
      long-term cultured F1-restricted T-cells.
AB  - The reactivity of H-2b-restricted murine T cells towards bovine insulin was
      reported to depend on the expression of Ia. W39, a private specificity of I-Ab,
      on antigen-presenting cells. Cells of male (CBA/N X B6)F1 mice carrying the
      mutation xid on the X chromosome lack IA. W39 on the cell surface. These cells
      are unable to present bovine insulin to primed T cells derived from female (CBA/N
      X B6)F1 mice. We show here that spleen cells of male (CBA/N X B6)F1 hybrids
      served perfectly as accessory cells for the insulin-dependent induction of a
      proliferative response of long-term cultured T cells with (B10 X B10.BR)F1
      genotype, restricted to recognizing insulin in the context of F1-unique I-A
      determinants.l The epitope on the insulin molecule essential for stimulation was
      determined to depend on the glutamic acid residue in position 4 of the A chain of
      insulin. This contracts with the H-2b-restricted response of B6 mice to bovine
      insulin, which appears to be directed at the A chain loop determinant (amino
      acids A8 and A10). These data suggest that distinct I-Ab-encoded structures, the
      expression of which is regulated independently, may serve as components of
      restriction elements for H-2b and (H-2b X H-2k)F1 restricted T cells, which are
      specific for different epitopes of bovine insulin.

PMID- 6815076
TI  - A reusable rheophoresis template for hepatitis B serology.

PMID- 6815077
TI  - Grading of protein energy malnutrition in reference to Harvard standard.

PMID- 6815075
TI  - Quicker determination of antibiotic susceptibility in urinary tract infections.

PMID- 6815078
TI  - Central pressor action of neurotensin in conscious rats.
AB  - The effects of neurotensin upon blood pressure in conscious rats were examined
      after intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of
      this peptide. Whereas i.v. injected neurotensin (0.1-2.0 microgram/kg) was
      depressor, i.v.t. injected neurotensin (1 microgram and above) was pressor.
      Peripheral depressor responses could not be repeated in the same animal due to
      tachyphylaxis, but central pressor responses were repeatable without reduction in
      magnitude, showing that the two effects were separate entities. Thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH), which is reported to be a potent neurotensin antagonist,
      completely abolished the neurotensin depressor response, and attenuated the
      central pressor action. TRH did not alter the central pressor effect of another
      peptide, angiotensin II (AII). The potent AII receptor antagonist saralasin,
      while abolishing the central pressor effect of AII, was completely without effect
      upon the neurotensin-induced pressor response. These results indicate that i.v.t.
      injected neurotensin and AII stimulate a rise in blood pressure via different
      receptors. The alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine, prazosin, or yohimbine
      (injected i.v.t.) involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in this response.
      These results are discussed in relation to the central pressor actions of other
      neuropeptides.

PMID- 6815079
TI  - Treatment of severe protein energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6815080
TI  - Shwanomatosis at birth (neurofibromatosis).

PMID- 6815081
TI  - Aerobic bacterial flora of maternal cervix in relation to neonatal conjunctiva
      and gastric fluid.

PMID- 6815082
TI  - [The CO2 laser in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 6815083
TI  - After discharge: the early and later health needs of children with multiple birth
      defects, part III.

PMID- 6815084
TI  - Self-catheterization: an alternative to surgical urinary diversion.

PMID- 6815085
TI  - [2d general meeting of the German and Austrian Task Force on Artificial Feeding.
      Munich, 10-11 December 1982. Abstracts].

PMID- 6815086
TI  - [Parenteral amino acid substitution in surgically treated newborn infants].
AB  - 9 newborns received a standardized parenteral nutrition following abdominal major
      surgery. The composition of the amino acid solution used followed the
      requirements of newborns as well as their postoperative metabolism. The favorable
      course, the effective control of the catabolism and the lack of significant
      imbalances of the amino acid patterns indicate that the composition of the amino
      acid solution was appropriate. Augmentation of the amino acid dosage up to 2 g/kg
      B.W. at the end of the first postoperative week resulted in a relatively high
      load of nitrogen and acidosis. Therefore the usually demanded supply of 120-200
      non-protein-calories (kcal) for 1 g nitrogen turns out to be too low. Though the
      relative over-load of amino acids is used for energy utilisation, it stresses,
      however, the metabolism.

PMID- 6815087
TI  - Phospholipase A and the interaction of Rickettsia prowazekii and mouse
      fibroblasts (L-929 cells).
AB  - L-929 cells were killed when approximately 50 viable Rickettsia prowazekii
      organisms per L-cell were centrifuged onto a monolayer. The glycerophospholipids
      of the L-cell were hydrolyzed to lysophosphatides and free fatty acids.
      Concomitantly, there was a loss of membrane integrity as shown by release of
      lactate dehydrogenase and 86Rb and permeability to trypan blue dye. No
      glycerophospholipid hydrolysis or cytotoxicity occurred when the rickettsiae were
      inactivated by heat, UV irradiation, N-ethylmaleimide, or metabolic inhibitors
      before their addition to the L-929 cells. On the other hand, treatment of the
      L929 cells with the cytoskeleton agents colchicine or cytochalasin B or with N
      ethylmaleimide inhibited neither the phospholipase A activity nor the loss of
      membrane integrity. Cytochalasin B-treated cells could be damaged by even small
      numbers of rickettsiae. We suggest that this phospholipase A activity is used by
      the rickettsiae to escape from the phagosomes into the cytoplasm of host cells.

PMID- 6815088
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: isolation and
      preliminary immunological evaluation.
AB  - The immunogenicity of two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa immunotype 1, isolated and characterized for the development of a
      safe, live vaccine strain, was evaluated in a mouse protection model. One mutant,
      A/10/25, had a limited "coasting" property (i.e., continued replication for two
      divisions) at the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C), whereas the other
      mutant, E/9/9, continued replication for five generations after transfer to 36
      degrees C. Groups of 3- to 5-week-old ICR mice were immunized intraperitoneally
      with various doses of the two ts mutants; at various times thereafter, the mice
      were challenged intraperitoneally with lethal doses of the parental wild type.
      The more extensive coaster, E/9/9, induced 100% protection at immunizing doses
      lower than those required for A/10/25 to induce the same protection (1 x 10(8) to
      2 x 10(8) and 6 x 10(8) colony-forming units, respectively). Both ts strains
      induced significant protection for up to 5 weeks after immunization. The results
      of these studies suggest that the use of P. aeruginosa ts mutants might provide a
      novel approach to the prevention of P. aeruginosa colonization of patients with
      cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6815089
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A inhibits proliferation of human bone marrow
      progenitor cells in vitro.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein
      synthesis, is produced in vivo during human infection. We tested the hypothesis
      that exotoxin A may be responsible for the leukopenia which sometimes accompanies
      pseudomonas disease by examining the in vitro toxicity of exotoxin A for human
      bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (colony-forming units in
      culture [CFU-c] in the soft agar cloning system. Colony formation by freshly
      obtained marrow cells from five normal subjects was inhibited by exotoxin A in a
      concentration-dependent manner. The mean 50 and 100% inhibitory concentrations of
      toxin were 1.4 x 10(-10) and 1.4 x 10(-8) M, respectively, and significant
      inhibition was observed at a toxin concentration as low as 1.4 x 10(-13) M in two
      subjects. The inhibitory effect of exotoxin A on colony formation was
      specifically neutralized by antiserum to exotoxin A. Although mouse CFU-c were
      somewhat less sensitive to exotoxin A in vitro compared with human CFU-c,
      exotoxin A produced significant leukopenia in vivo in mice. These data suggest a
      possible mechanism for the leukopenia which sometimes occurs in human pseudomonas
      disease.

PMID- 6815090
TI  - Heterogeneic autoantibody against neurofilament protein in the sera of animals
      with experimental kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and natural scrapie
      infection.
AB  - Heterogeneic autoantibodies against axonal neurofilament proteins of mature mouse
      neurons grown in vitro were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence technique
      in 12.7% (9 of 71) of the sera from nonhuman primates infected with kuru, in
      14.5% (17 of 117) and 4% (1 of 25), respectively, of the sera from nonhuman
      primates and laboratory rodents infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and in
      35% (7 of 20) of the sera from sheep naturally infected with scrapie.
      Autoantibody titers ranged from 1:16 to 1:512 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
      infected animals, 1:32 to 1:512 in kuru-infected animals, and 1:64 to 1:1,024 in
      sheep with natural scrapie. The sera from 11 monkeys and 17 hamsters infected
      with scrapie and from 19 chimpanzees inoculated with brain tissues from humans
      with other neurological diseases did not contain autoantibodies. Of the 41
      chimpanzees with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 6 had autoantibodies against
      neurofilament proteins before experimental inoculation, whereas 6 others
      developed autoantibodies after inoculation, 4 developed autoantibodies during the
      asymptomatic phase, and 2 developed autoantibodies during the terminal clinical
      phase. Of the 48 chimpanzees with kuru, 2 had autoantibodies before inoculation,
      6 developed autoantibodies after inoculation, 3 developed autoantibodies during
      the asymptomatic phase, and 3 developed autoantibodies during the terminal
      clinical phase. Among the normal nonhuman primate controls, 4.6% (9 of 195) had
      autoantibodies. In contrast, no autoantibodies were detected in 49 control
      rodents and 13 control sheep. The increased incidence of autoantibodies against
      neurofilament proteins in animals with kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and
      scrapie constitutes the first evidence of an immunological reaction in this group
      of atypical infections caused by unconventional viruses and suggests that
      neurofilaments may be involved in pathogenesis.

PMID- 6815091
TI  - Entry of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi into polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Factors involved in the phagocytosis and entry into polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNs) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were studied by electron microscopy. R.
      tsutsugamushi propagated in baby hamster kidney cell cultures was incubated with
      guinea pig peritoneal PMNs in vitro at 35 degrees C. Structurally intact and
      degenerating rickettsiae were found in phagosomes, but only intact rickettsiae
      escaped phagosomes and specifically entered the glycogen-rich cytoplasm. The
      extraphagosomal cytoplasmic rickettsiae were found within 30 min after
      incubation; continued incubation for 4 h increased the rickettsial entry about
      fourfold as seen in ultrathin sections. Most rickettsiae in phagosomes were
      degenerating after 4 h of incubation. When incubated at 25 degrees C, no entry
      and very few phagocytized rickettsiae were observed. At 40 degrees C, rickettsial
      entry was greatly reduced, but more rickettsiae were found in phagosomes than at
      35 degrees C. Preincubation of rickettsiae at 56 degrees C for 20 min with
      trypsin or with 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited entry, but many rickettsiae were in
      phagosomes. Glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde fixation of rickettsiae and addition
      of 2-deoxyglucose, iodoacetamide, cytochalasin B, colchicine, or vinblastine
      inhibited all rickettsial uptake by PMNs. Acid phosphatase cytochemistry of
      infected PMNs revealed the enzyme activity only in phagosomes with degenerated
      rickettsiae and not in those with intact rickettsiae. These observations
      indicated that rickettsiae are passively phagocytized by PMNs, and only those
      that are intact actively escape from phagosomes, which selectively inhibits
      lysosomal fusion.

PMID- 6815092
TI  - Sialic acid residues mediate Mycoplasma pneumoniae attachment to human and sheep
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The adherence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to human and sheep erythrocytes was
      directly related to the presence of sialyl residues on the erythrocytes.
      Competitive binding studies between M. pneumoniae and M. gallisepticum, known to
      bind to human erythrocytes via glycophorin, further reinforced the role of sialic
      acid in this recognition event.

PMID- 6815093
TI  - Binding of human C-reactive protein to bacteria.
AB  - The binding of C-reactive protein to a variety of species of bacteria with
      potential clinical significance was studied to assess the potential function of C
      reactive protein in nonimmune defense against infection. Purified, radioiodinated
      human C-reactive protein bound to all Streptococcus pneumoniae tested and to some
      viridans streptococci, but not to group A or group B streptococci or to any of
      eight different gram-negative rods and cocci.

PMID- 6815094
TI  - Adjuvant activity of purified peptidoglycan of Listeria monocytogenes in mice and
      guinea pigs.
AB  - The immunological properties of peptidoglycan (L-PG) purified from the cell wall
      skeleton (L-CWS) of Listeria monocytogenes strain EGD were investigated and
      compared with the properties of L-CWS. L-PG consisted of alanine, glutamic acid,
      alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, muramic acid, and glucosamine. L-PG showed
      potent adjuvant activities for circulating antibody formation and development of
      delayed-type hypersensitivity to bacterial alpha-amylase in vivo and for the
      primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, as well as L-CWS. Both L
      PG and L-CWS enhanced the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in allogeneic
      mice and activated thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages and macrophage
      cell line RAW 264 to kill tumor target cells in vitro. We also found that L-PG
      acted on normal spleen cells as a mitogen. Both L-PG and L-CWS had tumor (Meth A)
      suppressive and -regressive activities in syngeneic mice. Our results suggest
      that the L-PG moiety retains the adjuvant and antitumor activities of L-CWS.

PMID- 6815095
TI  - H-2 linkage control of resistance to subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium.
AB  - The H-2 linkage of the gene or genes controlling resistance to subcutaneous
      infection with 10(7) Mycobacterium lepraemurium organisms was investigated by
      using H-2 congenic strains on BALB and B10 backgrounds. Resistance was assessed
      by counting the organisms present at the infection site in the footpad and in the
      draining (right popliteal) lymph node 20 weeks after infection. When mice of BALB
      and B10 backgrounds with the same H-2 haplotype were compared, the BALB mice were
      always more susceptible. However, BALB/K (H-2k) mice were more susceptible than
      BALB/B (H-2b) mice, and BALB/B mice were more susceptible than BALB/c (H-2d)
      mice. There was no detectable difference in the resistance of B10.D2/n (H-2d)
      mice and B10 (H-2b) mice, but B10.BR (H-2k) mice were more susceptible than mice
      of the other two B10 strains. BALB/K was the only strain in which a high
      proportion of mice showed significant dissemination of organisms to the liver and
      spleen.

PMID- 6815096
TI  - Dissemination of gonococcal infection is associated with delayed stimulation of
      complement-dependent neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro.
AB  - Gonococci isolated from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea or disseminated
      infection were examined for their ability to stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis in
      vitro. A neutrophil chemotactic response was not observed when as many as 10(9)
      colony-forming units of gonococci were incubated in buffer alone. However, a
      striking response was observed when 4 x 10(7) colony-forming units were incubated
      in 10% pooled normal human serum. Activation of complement was required for
      chemotaxis as demonstrated by complement consumption and failure of chemotactic
      activity generation in serum treated with heat or EDTA. Chromatography of
      activated serum demonstrated a single peak of chemotactic activity with an
      apparent molecular weight of 15,000 and was shown to be due to C5a. Examination
      of the kinetics of chemotactic factor generation demonstrated that local isolates
      stimulated a rapid response (about 60% maximal in 5 min), whereas the response to
      disseminated isolates was delayed (50% maximal in 20 to 30 min). Chemotactic
      activity generated by both types of isolates was suppressed at early time periods
      in agammaglobulinemic serum, indicating that immunoglobulins contribute to the
      generation of activity. Both pathways of complement activation were utilized by
      the two types of gonococci, but there was preferential dependence on the
      alternative pathway for disseminated strains and on the classical pathway for
      local isolates. We suggest that delayed stimulation of complement-dependent
      neutrophil migration may account in part for the infrequency of genital symptoms
      and may contribute to the mechanism of dissemination in patients with systemic
      gonococcal infection.

PMID- 6815097
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae attachment: competitive inhibition by mycoplasmal binding
      component and by sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates.
AB  - Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to human WiDr cell culture monolayers was
      examined by using radiolabeled M. pneumoniae. The amount of attachment was
      proportional to the density of the WiDr cells and to the concentration of M.
      pneumoniae in the assay. Saturation of the monolayers was achieved with 40
      micrograms of virulent strain M129 per assay, whereas binding of avirulent strain
      B176 was 70% less than that of strain M129. A competitive attachment inhibition
      assay was used to measure specific binding component activity. Attachment was
      inhibited when WiDr cells were pretreated with unlabeled virulent strain M129,
      whereas avirulent noncytadsorbing strain B176 did not inhibit attachment as well
      as the virulent strain. A protein-rich extract prepared from virulent,
      cytadsorbing strains of M. pneumoniae also inhibited attachment. The amount of
      inhibition was dependent on the amount of extract used, and units for binding
      component activity in the extract were calculated from the competitive attachment
      inhibition assays. The competitive attachment inhibition assay was also used to
      investigate the nature of the receptor site on the WiDr cells. Attachment was
      inhibited when the radiolabeled M. pneumoniae suspensions were pretreated with
      human sialoglycoproteins, such as orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin, and bovine
      gangliosides. These findings support the present concept that the mammalian
      receptor site for M. pneumoniae is a sialic acid-containing glycoprotein.

PMID- 6815099
TI  - In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase by metal-chelating peptide
      derivatives.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase is a zinc metalloendopeptidase, probably
      responsible for the tissue destruction observed during infections with this
      organism. The elastase of a virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (Habs serotype
      1) was isolated and found to have a molecular weight of 35,000; it readily
      degraded elastin and cartilage proteoglycans. A series of amino acid and peptide
      derivatives containing the metal-chelating moieties hydroxamate, phosphoryl, or
      thiol were synthesized and tested as potential inhibitors of the enzyme.
      Inhibition constants (K(i)s) for the compounds were determined with the
      chromophoric substrate furylacryloyl-glycyl-l-leucyl-l-alanine. The hydroxamic
      acid derivatives of benzyloxycarbonyl-glycine, benzyloxycarbonyl-l-leucine and
      benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanine had inhibition constants in the range of 11 to
      28 muM. The 2-mercaptoacetyl derivatives of l-leucyl-d-phenylalanine and l-leucyl
      l-phenylalanine had K(i) values of 34 and 1.5 muM, respectively, demonstrating
      the stereospecificity of the inhibition. The most potent inhibitors tested were 2
      mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine and phosphoryl-l-leucyl-l-phenylala-nine
      (K(i) = 0.2 muM). Similar compounds lacking the metal-chelating moiety were about
      3 orders of magnitude poorer inhibitors. When the inhibition of the enzyme
      activity towards azocasein, elastin, or cartilage was examined, inhibitor
      concentrations approximately 50-fold higher than the respective K(i)s were
      required to obtain 60 to 90% inhibition. Virtually complete inhibition was
      achieved with these substrates at inhibitor concentrations 500-fold higher than
      the respective K(i)s (0.1 to 14 mM). Although, 2-mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l
      leucine and phosphoryl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine exhibited the same affinity to
      the enzyme, the latter was inferior in inhibiting cartilage proteoglycan
      degradation. 2-Mercaptoacetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine represents a class of
      potent elastase inhibitors that might prove useful in the management of P.
      aeruginosa infections.

PMID- 6815098
TI  - Alterations in nucleotide content of human lung fibroblasts infected with
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - The nucleotide content of normal MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts and fibroblasts
      infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae PI 1428 was determined. Nucleotides from
      control and infected fibroblasts were extracted with 5% trichloracetic acid.
      After neutralization of the extracts, the nucleotides in the extracts were
      separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Significant differences were found
      between the nucleotide content of the control and infected cells. Nucleotide
      triphosphate levels were twofold higher in the control fibroblasts than in the
      infected fibroblasts 4 h after the initiation of infection. At the same time,
      nucleotide diphosphate and monophosphate levels were higher in the infected
      fibroblasts than in the control fibroblasts. Determination of the energy charge
      ratio for each set of nucleotides (adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine)
      demonstrated a shift of nucleotide content in the infected fibroblasts.
      Immediately after infection, the energy charge for each set of nucleotides was
      higher for the control fibroblasts than it was for the infected fibroblasts. This
      pattern continued throughout the infection period with only minor exceptions. The
      work presented here indicates a loss of energy charge in fibroblasts infected
      with M. pneumoniae and may help to explain some of the metabolic changes and cell
      damage which accompany infection.

PMID- 6815100
TI  - Phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and
      monocytes: effect of cystic fibrosis serum.
AB  - It has been shown previously that serum from chronically infected patients with
      cystic fibrosis inhibits the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by both
      normal and cystic fibrosis alveolar macrophages. In the present study, the
      ability of peripheral monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal
      volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients to phagocytize P. aeruginosa was shown
      not to be inhibited in the presence of serum from cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID- 6815101
TI  - Pit and fissure sealants.
AB  - Through participation in rational, comprehensive preventive programs, completely
      caries-free dentitions are now a possibility for many adults (Horowitz, 1980).
      Because of the uniqueness of pit and fissure caries sealants need to be
      considered for children as one necessary component in such total preventive
      programs. If the goal of a population free of caries is to be achieved, effective
      oral hygiene measures, including the use of therapeutic dentifrices, systemic or
      topically applied fluorides and dietary supervision are other components that
      should be considered in such a program (Ripa, 1978). Safety and effectiveness of
      pit and fissure sealants have been clearly established. Cost-effectiveness,
      however, whether in a private practice or public health setting is a factor of
      legitimate concern. From the 'Conference on Pit and Fissure Sealants: Why Their
      Limited Usage?' conducted by the Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and
      Equipment of the American Dental Association in May 1981, a number of
      recommendations resulted. Their implementation will help overcome scepticism
      regarding sealant use. Included in the recommendations are (a) a greater emphasis
      upon the use of sealants in dental education curricula, (b) development of
      specific guidelines for sealant use and maintenance, (c) continued long term
      studies under different program formats and (d) dissemination by the profession,
      as it did with fluorides, of valid information regarding sealant use (Brown,
      1981). Regarding pit and fissure sealants, the apparent consensus from scientific
      data and clinical practice would suggest that we should be using these materials
      for our child patients knowledgeably, selectively and with precise application
      methods.

PMID- 6815102
TI  - IgD antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human sera as measured by the RAST.
AB  - Anti-human delta chain antibody was prepared and specific IgD antibodies to
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MAC strain) antigens were studied by means of the RAST. M.
      pneumoniae antigens were chromatographically separated by Sephadex G-25 and
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Specific IgD antibody titers were significantly
      higher in patients with primary atypical pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infection
      than those of healthy and disease controls. The specific IgD antibodies increased
      at an earlier stage of the disease and decreased rapidly. Further studies are
      needed to clarify the role of the IgD antibodies in regulating antibody
      production during infection.

PMID- 6815103
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in skin: experimental contact dermatitis in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - The cutaneous metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid and endoperoxide (PGH2) to
      prostaglandins and hydroxy-fatty acids was investigated in experimental contact
      dermatitis in guinea pigs and compared to normal skin, unsensitized animals
      treated with the allergen dinitrochlorobenzene, and Trafuril-induced irritant
      dermatitis. The main alterations of cutaneous arachidonate metabolism in contact
      dermatitis comprise: (1) an inhibition of PGD2 synthesis; (2) a switch from
      predominant PGD2 production to a predominance of PGE2 and (3) a marked inhibition
      of the lipoxygenase activity.

PMID- 6815104
TI  - Inhibition of human and bovine sperm acrosin by divalent metal ions. Possible
      role of zinc as a regulator of acrosin activity.
AB  - Human and bovine spermatozoa have been collected and washed repeatedly with
      isotonic saline to remove seminal plasma inhibitors and activate the acrosin.
      Then the acrosin activity of the cells was assayed with alpha-N-Benzoyl-DL-Arg
      beta-naphthylamide (BANA). It was found that the surface-bound enzyme was not
      inhibited by high molecular weight inhibitors of trypsin but was markedly
      inhibited by low molecular weight trypsin inhibitors. Divalent metals (Zn++,
      Cu++, Hg++, Co++, Cd++) were all efficient inhibitors of acrosin on the washed
      cells. It was shown that the removal of zinc or copper from acrosin completely
      restored activity. It is proposed that the different levels of zinc in the male
      and female genital tract regulate acrosin activity. Aged cells released a soluble
      acrosin which was inhibited by serum and seminal plasma inhibitors of trypsin
      like enzymes as well as by zinc ions in an identical manner to the surface-bound
      enzyme.

PMID- 6815105
TI  - Decontamination of cotton tissues from some radioactive elements.

PMID- 6815106
TI  - Non-random duplication of chromosome 15 in T-cell leukemias induced in mice
      heterozygous for reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations.
AB  - Two translocation--carrying stocks of mice, T(7;15)9H and Rb(4;15) were resistant
      to chemical leukemogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) or
      methylnitroso-N-urea (MNU). Lymphomas were induced in F1 hybrids derived from
      crossing these two stocks with various susceptible strains. In T-cell leukemias
      originating from F1 hybrids with Rb(4;15) as one parent and strain CBA or ASW as
      the other, the translocation chromosome was present in two copies. In trisomic
      tumors derived from Rb(4;15) X AKR F1 cross, the AKR-derived chromosome 15 was
      duplicated regularly. In contrast, all trisomic lymphomas of the T(7;15)9H F1
      outcrosses showed duplication of the non-translocated chromosome 15 and not of
      the (7;15) translocation chromosome. It is suggested that the resistance of the
      T(7;15)9H stock to chemical induction of T-cell leukemia may be related to the
      position of the translocation on chromosome 15 (band D2). Our previous studies
      (reviewed by Klein, 1981) have indicated that this area may contain an oncogene
      that needs to be activated and subsequently undergo duplication in the course of
      leukemia development. In our previous studies on trisomic leukemias induced in
      heterozygotes (Wiener et al., 1979, 1980 b), we have found that duplication was
      non-random in all investigated crosses, unless the normal and the translocation
      marker carrying chromosomes were derived from the same inbred strain. A
      "duplication preference" scale could be established between chromosomes No. 15
      derived from different strains. This suggested that the likelihood of leukemia
      development was different, depending on the genetic origin of chromosome 15. In
      the present study, we have found that the duplication of chromosome 15 occurred
      at random in the CBAT6T6 X C3H F1 cross. This is attributed to the close genetic
      relationship between the two strains, as indicated by their shared isoenzyme and
      other markers.

PMID- 6815107
TI  - Treatment of benign fibrocystic disease of the breast with 2-bromo-alpha
      ergocryptine (CB 154).
AB  - A total of 192 patients with benign fibrocystic disease of the breast were
      studied. Diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, xerography, and/or
      mammography. Most of the patients were 30-45 years old. Hormonal studies
      including serum PRL, 17-beta-estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropins were
      performed by  means of specific and sensitive RIA techniques. Patients were
      allotted to treatment with 3 x 25 mg p.o. 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154,
      Parlodel, Sandoz) continuously for a period of 3 months. In an attempt to
      establish a possible relationship between PRL levels and the disease, patients
      were divided into two groups with high or normal levels of PRL. Results indicate
      an improvement or complete recovery in about 75% of the cases. These results are
      independent of PRL levels. According to our experience CB 154 seems to be the
      most effective treatment of this disease.

PMID- 6815108
TI  - The kinetics of cefuroxime in ascitic and pleural fluid.
AB  - Adequate drug concentration at the infection site is a very important objective
      of antibiotic therapy. In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetics of the
      new methoximine, cefuroxime, in peritoneal and pleural fluids in 16 patients.
      After a 1-g dosage of cefuroxime, its concentration reaches a peak in ascitic
      fluid within 4-5 h. With a 2-g dose the peak level is reached in 2-3 h. After 5
      h, cefuroxime concentration in ascites exceeds that in serum. Cefuroxime diffuses
      readily into the peritoneal space, where high concentrations (8-10 mcg/ml) are
      maintained for at least 6 h. Data on the kinetics in pleural fluid also seem to
      show high antibiotic diffusion rates, even if concentrations are never as high as
      those in blood at the same time following 1 g i.v. These favorable kinetic
      properties are probably due to low serum protein binding and to slow renal
      excretion.

PMID- 6815109
TI  - Bone screws and plates in orthognathic surgery.
AB  - The almost universal use of bone plates and screws in orthognathic surgical
      procedures is surveyed. Based upon considerable personal experience, it is
      advocated that this technique should be used for better stabilization of the
      fragments, leading to faster bone healing and therefore to less relapse. Other
      advantages such as shortening of the period of intermaxillary fixation and the
      possibility of immediate postoperative opening of the mouth are weighed against
      disadvantages, such as higher rate of nerve disturbance, and second intervention
      for removal of the osteosynthetic material. The conclusion is drawn that the
      application of bone screws and plates is a major improvement in the correction of
      deformities in the maxillo-facial region.

PMID- 6815110
TI  - Treatment of jaw cysts with an irrigational method. On the significance of the
      method and the progress of cysts.
AB  - It is held that cysts in jaws enlarge as the cyst fluids increase and that the
      intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bones increases because of inflammation.
      According to this investigation, cysts enlarge in the following manner: when a
      cyst is infected, the cyst wall becomes almost bloodless; cell membranes of the
      wall are destroyed, and unsaturated fatty acids depart from the membranes; these
      unsaturated fatty acids generate prostaglandins and lipoperoxides which lower the
      reaction of cyclic AMP; the result is resorption of the jawbone; therefore,
      control of the cyst inflammation is the first requirement in the treatment of the
      cyst. For control of the inflammation, exchanges of cyst fluids for liquids,
      including antibiotics, were carried out once a week. As a result, the volume of
      cyst fluids decreased, the cysts diminished in size, and clearing tissues were
      scarcely seen. It can be maintained that this irrigational method is effective
      for the treatment of cysts in jaws.

PMID- 6815111
TI  - A clinical study of "dry socket".
AB  - A total of 1274 extractions carried out by the author resulted in a dry socket
      incidence of 2.6%. There was no sex predilection in the occurrence of dry socket.
      Incidence of dry socket formation was highest in the first and second molar
      region. Forceful infiltration of an extra 2 ml of local anesthetic into the
      tissues resulted in a higher incidence of dry socket; however this difference was
      not statistically significant. Dry sockets occurred more frequently in difficult
      extraction cases as compared to routine extractions; this difference was
      statistically significant. However, when 20 teeth in difficult extraction cases
      were removed by the open surgical method there were no cases of dry socket
      formation. Teeth removed principally due to a periodontal involvement did not
      give rise to a single case of dry socket. Treatment of dry socket with intra
      alveolar dressings did reduce the pain; however, the healing time was invariably
      prolonged. The best results, in the form of reduction of pain and rapid healing,
      were obtained with the surgical method of reflection of a flap and debridement of
      the socket.

PMID- 6815112
TI  - An analysis of 367 cases of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
AB  - The etiology and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction are well
      documented in the literature, with conflicting views being expressed. Little
      information is available, however, regarding the efficacy of treatment of such a
      condition when viewed in a longitudinal context. This investigation is a progress
      report dealing with a retrospective analysis of 367 patients with
      temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Most of the patients had dental problems and
      responded to therapy. The therapy was carried out with the knowledge that any
      change in the occlusal contact relation can influence the neuromuscular system by
      altering the patterns of sensory input. The results, which are based on clinical
      findings, indicate that functional occlusal therapy led to elimination of
      temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

PMID- 6815113
TI  - Oral lichen planus and contact allergy to mercury.
AB  - 29 patients with oral lichen planus and amalgam fillings were patch tested for
      contact allergy to dental materials. 18 of these patients (62%) had a contact
      allergy to mercury. In a control material, the frequency of mercury allergy was
      3.2%. In 3 of the patients the lesions healed completely after removal of the
      amalgam fillings. On the basis of these findings it is recommended that all
      amalgam fillings be removed after a positive patch test to mercury, as a step in
      the treatment of oral lichen planus.

PMID- 6815114
TI  - Oral pathology in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - In the absence of epidemiological surveys, a retrospective analysis of all oral
      biopsies from 1974-1978 was carried out in order to obtain some knowledge of oral
      disease experience in Papua New Guinea. The histopathologic distribution of 1060
      biopsied lesions was as follows: squamous carcinoma 502 (47%), salivary gland
      tumours 37 (3%), Burkitt's lymphoma 33 (3%), ameloblastoma 18 (2%), other tumours
      48 (5%) and non-neoplastic lesions 422 (40%). The frequency with which oral
      carcinoma occurs appears to be real and not a statistical artifact. A possible
      association of salivary gland neoplasia with chronic sialosis is discussed. It is
      suggested that Burkitt's lymphoma may be overdiagnosed.

PMID- 6815115
TI  - Serum dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV activities in oral cancer patients.
AB  - Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV activities in normal human sera and in the sera of
      patients with malignant tumors of the oral region were assayed. Patients with
      oral squamous cell carcinoma had significantly lower enzyme activity than that of
      normal controls (p less than 0.001). Patients with advanced carcinoma showed a
      more significant reduction of serum enzyme activity. On the other hand, in oral
      squamous cell carcinoma patients with hepatic dysfunction, the serum enzyme
      activity was significantly increased (p less than 0.02).

PMID- 6815116
TI  - The effect of experimental ligation of the external carotid artery and its major
      branches on haemorrhage from the maxillary artery.
AB  - The effect of ligation of the external carotid artery and its major branches on
      blood flow from the maxillary artery was investigated in four Chacma baboons. The
      left common carotid artery and its branches were surgically exposed and the
      maxillary artery was isolated, sectioned and cannulated. Blood flow from the
      proximal segment of the maxillary artery was determined with and without
      occlusion of the common carotid artery, the external carotid artery above and
      below the origin of the linguo-facial trunk and the posterior auricular occipital
      trunk. Ligation of the external carotid artery below and above the origin of the
      lingual and facial arteries reduced maxillary artery blood flow by 40% and 73%
      respectively. Ligation of the external carotid artery above the origin of the
      lingual and facial vessels, together with ligation of the posterior auricular
      occipital trunk reduced maxillary artery blood flow by 99.2%. On the basis of
      these experimental findings, it is suggested that maxillary artery haemorrhage in
      man may be most effectively controlled by ligation of the external carotid artery
      in the retromandibular fossa, distal to the origin of the posterior auricular
      artery, combined with ligation of the superficial temporal artery at the root of
      the zygoma.

PMID- 6815117
TI  - Oral condyloma accuminatum. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - In 2 cases with clinical and histopathological features of oral condyloma
      accuminatum, virus-like particles were identified both in the cell nuclei and the
      cell cytoplasm. We are concerned here with etiological factors and with
      differential diagnostic problems related to these extremely rare oral lesions.

PMID- 6815118
TI  - An odontogenic myxofibroma related to an embedded third molar of the mandible.
      Report of a case.
AB  - A case of odontogenic myxofibroma involving the angle of the mandible is
      reported. This case arose in the area closely associated with the pericoronal
      portion of the embedded third molar. When the mandible resected was
      histopathologically examined, the tumor mass containing various shapes of
      epithelial cell nests and amorphous calcified bodies in the myxomatous fibrous
      tissue was found to be formed in the localized area well-demarcated by the enamel
      of the embedded tooth. These findings strongly suggest that this lesion is of
      odontogenic origin.

PMID- 6815119
TI  - Open bite with deformity of the upper dental arch. A case report.
AB  - Repeated surgical and orthodontic correction of open bite associated with a
      substantial narrowing of the upper dental arch has been reported. Followup
      examination 4 years after the operation confirmed the success of the treatment.

PMID- 6815121
TI  - Complex odontoma in the maxillary sinus. Report of 2 cases.
AB  - 2 cases of complex odontoma in the maxilla are presented with clinical,
      radiographic and histological findings. The tumors in both cases extended into
      the maxillary sinus and in addition, in both instances third molars were
      displaced by the tumor. One of the cases was associated with a dentigerous cyst.

PMID- 6815120
TI  - Actinomycosis after cyst enucleation.
AB  - A case report of actinomycosis associated with bony sequestra resulting from a
      post-operative infection of a dental cyst in a young patient is presented. The
      need for careful wound debridement as a prophylactic measure is emphasized.

PMID- 6815122
TI  - Characterization of sheep antibodies involved in precipitate formation with
      surface antigens of Fasciola hepatica in vitro.

PMID- 6815123
TI  - Bladder diverticula in children - a clinical, radiologic and endoscopic study.
AB  - We have described the clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings in 84 children
      with bladder diverticula and 9 children with posterolateral pouch-like
      protrusions of the bladder wall. Cystoscopically, a new bladder diverticulum is
      described, resembling a walnutshell. The majority of children had symptoms of
      urinary tract infection, the walnutshell-like diverticula was frequently
      associated with haematuria. In 66 or 84 children with bladder diverticula and in
      9 children with posterolateral pouches no obstruction of the lower urinary tract
      was found. Diverticula caused by obstruction were found in 18 cases.
      Vesicoureteral reflux was present in 34 of 66 children with diverticula without
      obstruction of the lower urinary tract, in 20 of these there were saccules
      (diverticula smaller than 2 cm in diameter). Vesicoureteral reflux was found in 8
      of 9 children with posterolateral pouches of the bladder wall. Long term follow
      up suggests that any protrusion of the bladder wall, regardless of the size of
      cavity and the shape of the opening, may become a diverticulum associated with
      further abnormalities of the urinary tract. In 3 patients with postero lateral
      pouches a transformation from pouches into true diverticula together with the
      development of vesicoureteral reflux was observed.

PMID- 6815124
TI  - [The short bowel syndrome].

PMID- 6815126
TI  - Structure and biosynthesis of rabbit lens capsule collagen.
AB  - The present study was designed to compare collagen synthesized by rabbit lens
      epithelial cells in culture with rabbit lens capsule collagen. Confluent
      monolayers of rabbit lens epithelial cells were established. Incorporation of
      [3H]-proline into glycoproteins secreted into the medium and cell surface
      components were analyzed in the presence of protease inhibitors. Gel filtration
      chromatography on sodium dodecyl sulfate--agarose (Bio-gel A-5m) of [3H]-labeled
      newly synthesized proteins by lens epithelial cells in culture resolved into a
      single precursor of approximate molecular weight of 160,000 daltons. Neither the
      medium nor the cell layer showed any evidence of low-molecular weight
      hydroxyproline-containing material. Limited pepsin digestion of this material
      cleaved the higher molecular weight chains into smaller components ranging from
      25,000 to 110,000 daltons. Pepsin digestion and direct extraction of the
      collagenous components of the rabbit lens capsule revealed materials of high-
      molecular weight proteins similar to that synthesized in culture. Low--molecular
      weight (55,000 daltons) protein was only detected in lens capsules after
      prolonged pepsin digestion. S-Carboxylation of the lens capsules collagens did
      not affect their mobilities, but repepsinization gave rise to 110,000 dalton
      protein, although no significant changes in the amino acid composition were
      noticed. The absence of synthesis of low--molecular weight protein by cell
      culture and the presence of low--molecular weight components only after prolonged
      pepsin digestion of lens capsule could be the result of unusual susceptibility of
      the basement membrane collagens to pepsin attack.

PMID- 6815125
TI  - Chemical and ultrastructural changes in tapetum of beagles with a hereditary
      abnormality.
AB  - We have defined the defect in the tapetum of beagles with an inherited tapetal
      abnormality to be the absence of both zinc and cysteine from the tapetal rods.
      This was demonstrated by direct measurement of zinc and cysteine and by
      histochemical localization of zinc. The latter method also indicated an
      interesting substructure in tapetal rods from normal beagles, in which the zinc
      is apparently distributed in two concentric rings. The chemical changes involved
      in different methods of fixing this unique tissue have been examined and
      correlated with the ultrastructure.

PMID- 6815127
TI  - Calcium binding by radiopaque media.
AB  - This study quantified the binding of ionic calcium by contrast media with
      disodium edetate and trisodium citrate versus those with only calcium disodium
      edetate. First, calcium binding by sodium diatrizoate with calcium disodium
      edetate was measured using an ion-selective electrode at ionic strengths of .08,
      .16, and .80 molal. Significant binding of calcium was observed, and the probable
      reaction product is calcium chloride diatrizoate. Second, solutions were mixed
      containing Renografin 76 (or Hypaque 76) and NaCl at a physiologic ionic
      strength. The Renografin, which contains disodium edetate and trisodium citrate,
      caused significantly more binding than did the Hypaque. However, 60% of the drop
      in ionic calcium was observed with Hypaque and is related to the diatrizoate
      anion. The nonionic agent iopamidol produced no decrease in ionic calcium.
      Significant reductions in ionic calcium are produced by both the diatrizoate
      anion and by edetate and citrate additives.

PMID- 6815128
TI  - [Post-infectious temporary cold agglutinin disease. A case of delayed formation
      of antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae].
AB  - Following an acute febrile infection of the respiratory tract, a 35-year-old man
      suffered from livid and painful discoloration of his acral regions even after
      moderate cold exposure. In his serum, high titers of cold agglutinins with anti-I
      specificity were present. Cold-related symptoms disappeared within 3 weeks. The
      clinical features and the finding of anti-I cold agglutinins are compatible with
      postinfections cold agglutinin disease following an infection with mycoplasma
      pneumoniae. However, antibodies directed against mycoplasma pneumoniae were only
      demonstrable after the cold agglutinin-dependent symptoms had disappeared.

PMID- 6815129
TI  - [Cutaneous erythropoiesis in fetal Rh-erythroblastosis - blueberry muffin baby].

PMID- 6815130
TI  - [Skin diseases caused by zinc deficiency].

PMID- 6815131
TI  - HB Handa [alpha 90 (FG 2) Lys replaced by Met]: structure and biosynthesis of a
      new slightly higher oxygen affinity variant.
AB  - Hb Handa, an abnormal hemoglobin which isoelectrofocused anodally to Hb A, was
      found in a 15-year-old Japanese girl and her mother, who were apparently healthy.
      Clinical and hematological examinations showed no abnormality in individual
      heterozygous for this mutant gene except for a slight increase of reticulocyte
      count (2.1-2.4%). Structural studies disclosed an alpha chain anomaly and
      substitution of alpha 90 (FG 2) Lys replaced by Met. The content of the abnormal
      hemoglobin in the hemolysate was 17.5-18.3% of the hemoglobin. The isopropanol
      precipitation test was negative. The purified abnormal hemoglobin showed a
      slightly higher oxygen affinity than that of Hb A, but Hill's n constant, Bohr
      effect and organic phosphate effect were within the normal range. Globin chain
      biosynthesis in reticulocytes indicated that the production rate of the abnormal
      alpha chain was suppressed to 38% of the normal level.

PMID- 6815132
TI  - Hb Cheverly or alpha 2 beta 2 45(CD4)Phe replaced by Ser in an elderly Italian
      male.

PMID- 6815134
TI  - Feeding the premature infant: recommendations for energy and protein.

PMID- 6815133
TI  - Directional-disruptive selection in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Artificial directional selection for increased sternopleural chaetae number in
      Drosophila melanogaster is compared with a mode of directional selection which
      incorporates an element of disruptive selection. Compared with directional
      selection, this directional-disruptive selection results in a similar response
      but with a lower selection differential, and higher realised heritability. The
      differences might be attributed to a higher genetic variance maintained by the
      directional-disruptive selection.

PMID- 6815135
TI  - Experience with a mixture of wheat-noodles and casein in the initial dietary
      therapy of infants and young children with protein-energy malnutrition or acute
      diarrhea.
AB  - The usefulness of a mixture of wheat noodles and a casein-based formula in the
      early management of 11 children with second or third degree malnutrition and of
      ten better nourished children with acute diarrhea was studied. Response of the
      malnourished children, gauged by clinical course and balance studies, paralleled
      that previously documented using only casein-based formula diets. Children with
      acute diarrhea recovered well but had expectedly higher fecal energy losses than
      previously seen in healthy children consuming the same diet. Diets containing
      substantial amounts of wheat noodles, a low cost widely available staple, can be
      appropriately used in the refeeding of chronic malnutrition and acute infectious
      enteritis.

PMID- 6815136
TI  - International differences in child mortality and the impact of malnutrition.
AB  - In the industrialized countries, 1-4 year mortality continues to decline even
      though levels are already low, in most cases being below one per 1000. Rates of
      decline in child and infant mortalities are similar. The main causes of child
      death are accidents and congenital anomalies which are difficult to control.
      Indications are that 1-4 year mortality in the majority of less-developed
      countries is still very high. Limited data suggest that 1-4 year mortality is
      declining more rapidly than infant mortality and that rates of decline are faster
      than in industrialized countries. Diarrhoeal disease and measles are the main
      causes of 1-4 year mortality with malnutrition being a contributory cause in 60
      per cent of cases. The majority of child deaths occur in the second year of life.
      Health planning and evaluation, particulary in Africa and Asia, are severely
      hampered by totally inadequate death registration data.

PMID- 6815137
TI  - Association between HLA and Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were observed to have a
      statistical association with HLA-DR4, MT3. Strong association between the
      clinical severity of RA and HLA was also observed. Male patients had a stronger
      association with HLA than female patients. Males are more resistant to RA than
      females. This suggested that the threshold of liability for RA is higher in males
      than in females. Japanese patients with RA with systemic vasculitis were negative
      for HLA-Bw44 and had antilymphocytotoxic autoantibody, indicating that RA with
      systemic vasculitis is different in etiology from RA without systemic vasculitis.

PMID- 6815138
TI  - The PIOTRON: initial performance, preparation and experience with pion therapy.
AB  - The PIOTRON is a large solid angle superconducting channel built for the use of
      negative pi-mesons in radiotherapy. The pions are produced by protons of 590 MeV
      striking a target of molybdenum or beryllium. The pions are divided into 60
      channels and deflected twice to enter the treatment volume radially. The momentum
      and the momentum band for all 60 channels can be chosen and the beam spot of
      Bragg peak pions at the isocenter of the applicator is a few centimeters in each
      direction. Dynamic scanning can thus achieve 3-dimensionally shaped treatment
      volumes. Two different methods are available: the ring scan, using changes of
      pion range; and the spot scan, involving translation of the patient through the
      fixed beam spot. Dose distributions of individual and multiple beams were plotted
      in a cylindrical water phantom. Radiobiological experiments with mammalian cells
      in gel and with mouse feet were performed. A special beam geometry using a sector
      of 15 beams was selected for the first treatments of patients with metastatic
      skin nodules. Six patients were treated. Acute skin reactions were scored and
      compared with those from orthovoltage therapy with comparable beam geometry. The
      RBE for 10 fractions is between 1.4 and 1.5. The next step involved treatment of
      patients inside water-bolus rings in preparation for dynamic therapy. Patients
      were then treated with the spot scan dynamic mode in the water bolus. The initial
      responses and reactions are favorable and confirm the feasibility and accuracy of
      dynamic pion therapy.

PMID- 6815139
TI  - Spectroscopic intercomparison at the German neutron therapy centers.
AB  - An intercomparison of neutron dosimetry at the German neutron therapy centers at
      Hamburg, Heidelberg and Essen has been performed in 1979 and 1980. This
      intercomparison was undertaken to compare the experimental procedures and
      techniques for fast neutron dosimetry applied by each group. Because of the
      energy dependence of the dosimeters, spectroscopic investigations were performed
      at positions in the phantom identical to those applied during the dosimetric
      measurements. A description of the experimental procedures and environments is
      given. The measured neutron spectra are presented and discussed with respect to
      the changes at different positions in the phantom. Individual kerma-ratios are
      calculated from the neutron and photon energy distributions. The comparison of
      these kerma-ratios gives considerable differences in values that are used with
      neutron-insensitive ionization chambers. We recommend that individual generated
      kerma-ratios should be applied for ionization chamber dosimetry.

PMID- 6815140
TI  - The assessment of the results of neutron therapy.
AB  - The control of tumors and the incidence of complications are major criteria for
      assessing the effectiveness of neutrons in the treatment of cancer. However, both
      of these are seriously affected by the neutron machines available at present.
      These have beams with poor penetration, wide penumbras, fixed field sizes and
      fixed positions. Undesirably large volumes of skin and normal tissues are
      therefore irradiated through the multiplicity of beams used and side scatter of
      radiation. Even machines with high energy neutrons are fixed in position and
      restricted in the sizes of fields available. Complications are therefore caused
      by inferior machines and compromised treatment plans independently of the
      biological effects of neutrons. The incidence of complications has caused some
      centers to reduce the dose of neutrons to a level where tumor control is not
      maintained and the recurrence rate is fairly high. The Hammersmith experience
      shows, however, that by improving treatment techniques and the care of early and
      late reactions, complications have been reduced from 18% to 5%, while maintaining
      the standard dose. There is close correlation between the clinical and laboratory
      data which show biological and physical advantages for neutron therapy. Higher
      energy machines with isocentric heads, mechanically adjustable collimators and
      the ability to use shields and wedges concurrently are now available and should
      be used to extend the investigation of neutrons, especially to tumors of the
      abdomen and pelvis.

PMID- 6815141
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix: surgical staging and radiotherapy with 32 MeV betatron.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were staged by
      exploratory laparotomy. Twenty-eight of them received radiotherapy with 32 MeV
      Betatron and intracavitary radium. Twenty-one patients with Stage IB or IIA had a
      radical hysterectomy, five had post-operative pelvic irradiation, and two had
      primary exenteration. An overall 23.2% of patients had metastases in the
      paraaortic fields. Four patients with paraaortic node disease received extended
      field irradiation: 4500 rad in 5 weeks to paraaortic nodes. Two of them are alive
      and disease-free at 5.5 to 6.5 years.

PMID- 6815142
TI  - Sarcocystosis in an aborted bovine fetus.
AB  - Sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an aborted bovine fetus. Immature and mature
      schizonts of Sarcocystis were disseminated in the vascular endothelium of all
      organs, but especially the brain. Microscopic granulomas, focal gliosis, and
      petechial hemorrhages in the neuropil were scattered in the brain. Multifocal
      collections of mononuclear cells were observed in the kidney, liver and heart.
      Organisms in sections of frozen tissues were demonstrated by immunofluorescent
      techniques to be Sarcocystis.

PMID- 6815144
TI  - Hypercoagulable state in three dogs with nephrotic syndrome: role of acquired
      antithrombin III deficiency.

PMID- 6815143
TI  - EDTA-tromethamine lavage as an adjunct treatment for multiple fistulas in a dog.

PMID- 6815145
TI  - Gilvocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. 4. Mode of action.
AB  - The mode of action of gilvocarcins was studied. Gilvocarcins V, M and A possessed
      antibacterial activities decreasing in that order. Gilvocarcin V inhibited DNA
      synthesis in Bacillus subtilis through strong interaction with DNA and resulting
      cleavage. Gilvocarcin M showed interaction with DNA and a small change in DNA
      mobility upon electrophoresis in agarose gel, while gilvocarcin A showed no
      interaction with DNA, thus reflecting their relative biological activities.

PMID- 6815146
TI  - Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 3. Incorporation of [14C]midecamycin
      acetate (MOM) into P. aeruginosa pretreated with cell wall-affecting antibiotics.
AB  - The occurrence in beta-lactam treated patients of unstable L-forms of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa insensitive to various antibiotics and synergistic effect of combined
      action of cell wall-affecting antibiotics and macrolide on Pseudomonas infection
      led us to examine the effects of macrolide on P. aeruginosa pretreated with cell
      wall-affecting antibiotics. The effects of macrolide antibiotics such as
      midecamycin acetate (MOM) on P. aeruginosa was investigated, a rapid killing
      effect by MOM was noted after treatment with suboptimal doses of cell wall
      affecting antibiotics such as polymyxin B, carbenicillin, dibekacin or
      fosfomycin. Incorporation of [14C]MOM into intact P. aeruginosa cells was not
      significant, but was apparent into L-form cells or cells pretreated with cell
      wall-affecting antibiotics. The incorporated radioactivity was found in the 70 S
      ribosome fraction, binding with the 50 S subunits of ribosome in both cases.
      These results indicate that under certain conditions a macrolide antibiotic can
      enter the P. aeruginosa cell.

PMID- 6815147
TI  - Pyrrolnitrin from Myxococcus fulvus (Myxobacterales).

PMID- 6815148
TI  - C-19393 E5, a new carbapenem antibiotic. Fermentation, isolation and structure.
AB  - A new carbapenem antibiotic, C-19393 E5, was isolated from the culture filtrate
      of Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus C-19393 as a minor component. The
      chemical structure of the antibiotic was determined by comparing its spectral
      data with those of the known 5,6-cis carbapenem antibiotics and confirmed by
      partial synthesis from epithienamycin B as shown in Fig. 1. The antibiotic has a
      broad antimicrobial spectrum and shows strong inhibitory activity against beta
      lactamases.

PMID- 6815149
TI  - GnRH-FSH and LH dose-response relationships in anestrous sheep and effects of
      estradiol-17 beta and progesterone pretreatment.

PMID- 6815150
TI  - Influence of ambient temperature on prolactin concentrations in serum of Holstein
      and Brahman x Hereford heifers.
AB  - Four Holstein and four Brahman x Hereford heifers about 8 mo of age were used in
      a study to determine whether breed influences the effects of ambient temperature
      on concentrations' of prolactin in serum. Two heifers of each breed were
      stanchioned in each of two environmental chambers at 21 C for 7 d, after which
      chamber temperatures were changed to 7 or 31 C during 6 h. After 5 d at 7, 21 or
      31 C, heifers were injected with 60 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH). A switch-back design was used and each heifer was exposed to all
      treatments. Concentrations of prolactin in serum of heifers during exposure to 7,
      21 or 31 C for 5 d were related to ambient temperature (9.0, 20.9 and 29.5 ng/ml,
      respectively; P less than .001), but the response was not influenced by breed.
      Heifers of both breeds responded similarly to treatment with TRH, and prolactin
      in serum increased (P less than .001) within 5 min from 7.0 +/- 3.2 to 45.7 +/-
      8.2 ng/ml in heifers at 7 C, from 13.1 +/- 1.6 to 97.2 +/- 9.6 ng/ml in heifers
      at 21 C and from 18.2 +/- 3.5 to 96.2 +/- 11.3 ng/ml in heifers at 31 C. We
      conclude that concentrations of prolactin in serum of heifers are positively
      associated with ambient temperature and that the effects of temperature on basal
      and TRH-stimulated concentrations of prolactin do not differ significantly
      between Holstein and Brahman x Hereford heifers. Thus, differences in tolerance
      to heat were not related to differences in prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6815151
TI  - Performance and concentration of amino acids in plasma and urine of young pigs
      fed diets with excesses of either arginine or lysine.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to investigate the arginine x lysine interaction
      in young pigs. Excess supplemental arginine (.67 to 2% of diet) decreased weight
      gain and feed intake, but had no effect on efficiency of feed utilization. Lysine
      supplementation (.5 or 2.5%) did not ameliorate the adverse effects of excess
      arginine. Decreasing the arginine content to .8% from a level routinely supplied
      by typical swine diets (1.3%) did not improve pig performance. Excess
      supplemental arginine increased plasma arginine and ornithine concentrations and
      decreased plasma lysine and histidine concentrations; several other amino acids
      were decreased in plasma as well. Feeding 2.8% total dietary arginine resulted in
      a dramatic increase in urinary excretion of arginine, ornithine, citrulline,
      lysine, histidine and cystine. From these results it is concluded that the
      adverse effects of excess arginine represent classic amino acid imbalance rather
      than amino acid antagonism.

PMID- 6815152
TI  - Effect of estradiol on hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary and serum LH and FSH in
      ovariectomized pigs.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to measure pituitary gonadotropins, hypothalamic
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary response to GnRH during
      periods when serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was suppressed by estradiol-17 beta
      (e2) in ovariectomized pigs. In the first experiment, 10 ovariectomized gilts
      were assigned to two groups of five each according to time of slaughter (24 or 36
      h after injection). Within each group, gilts were given corn oil (n = 2) or 400
      micrograms E2 (n = 3). Neither serum nor anterior pituitary (AP) concentrations
      of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were affected by E2. Serum LH was
      suppressed from 12 to 26 h after E2. Concentrations of LH in AP were unchanged at
      24 h, but increased at 36 h after E2 injection. Concentrations of GnRH in medial
      basal hypothalamus (MBH), stalk-median eminence (SME) and hypophyseal portal area
      (HPA) were lower at 24 h after E2 than in oil-treated gilts. At 36 h after E2,
      suppressive effects of E2 on LH in serum had subsided and concentrations of LH in
      AP and GnRH in MBH and SME were greater than in oil-treated controls. The
      observation that E2 suppressed LH in serum without a detectable suppression of LH
      in AP led to the hypothesis that E2 had caused the suppression of serum LH by
      suppression of GnRH release. In a second experiment, 12 ovariectomized gilts were
      assigned to receive corn oil (n = 4), 400 micrograms E2 (n = 4) or 400 micrograms
      E2 plus GnRH (1.5 micrograms/h; n = 4). Patterns of LH in sera of E2-treated
      animals were similar to those in the first experiment, with serum LH in E2
      treated gilts suppressed from 4 to 32 h after treatment. However, in gilts
      receiving GnRH in addition to E2, serum LH concentrations during 20 to 32 h after
      treatment were intermediate between gilts receiving E2 alone and controls. Thus
      the pituitary of the pig is capable of responding to GnRH when LH is normally
      suppressed by E2. These experiments provide two lines of evidence that
      suppression of serum LH by E2 is due at least in part to suppression of GnRH.
      These experiments also establish the hypothalamus as a site for negative feedback
      of E2 in the female pig.

PMID- 6815153
TI  - Visiting the dentist: a behavioral community analysis of participation in a
      dental health screening and referral program.
AB  - One-hundred and twenty-five families in the Medicaid Early Periodic Screening,
      Diagnosis and Treatment Program were assigned to one of five treatments to
      encourage parents to obtain health care service following the dental screening of
      their children: (a) a control procedure, in which parents were given a dentist's
      name; (b) a multiple contact procedure, in which parents received a postcard and
      two telephone call reminders; (c) a problem-solve procedure, in which a social
      worker aide conducted a brief session with the parent; (d) an incentive
      procedure, in which parents selected among four gifts that were contingent on
      seeking care; (e) an incentive + problem-solve procedure, in which the latter two
      treatments were combined. The multiple contact, incentive, and incentive +
      problem-solve techniques were significantly more effective in initiating dental
      visits than the control procedures. Families assigned to the intensive strategies
      were most likely to complete treatment. A cost-efficiency analysis showed the
      multiple contact technique to be a low-cost and highly effective procedure.

PMID- 6815154
TI  - beta-Lactamases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6815157
TI  - Carbenicillin in treatment of meningoventriculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6815155
TI  - Comparative study of the antibacterial activity of amikacin and tobramycin during
      Pseudomonas pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6815159
TI  - Rapid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a radiometric
      technique.

PMID- 6815156
TI  - Anti-pseudomonas activity of azlocillin during pulmonary infection in patients
      with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6815158
TI  - Effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin and erythromycin in high oral doses on the
      salivary microflora.

PMID- 6815160
TI  - Comparative study of the penetration of penicillin V and cefadroxil into tonsils
      in man.

PMID- 6815161
TI  - The use of cefadroxil suspension in children.

PMID- 6815162
TI  - Levels of cell wall enzymes in endospores and vegetative cells of Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - Vegetative bacilli and refractile endospores of Bacillus subtilis 168 were
      disrupted by homogenization with glass beads and fractionated by differential
      centrifugation. Most of the protein of endospores was particulate, whereas for
      bacilli most was soluble. Alanine racemase activity was sixfold higher in extract
      of endospores than in extract of bacilli and was particulate, whereas the enzyme
      from bacilli was soluble. The specific activities of seven other enzymes involved
      in peptidoglycan and teichoic acid biosynthesis were higher in extracts of
      bacilli than in those of endospores. The results suggest that restoration of
      activities of these seven enzymes to vegetative levels occurs during germination
      and outgrowth.

PMID- 6815164
TI  - Cosegregation of cell wall and DNA in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Cosegregation of cell wall and DNA of a lysis-negative mutant of Bacillus
      subtilis was examined by continuously labeling (i) cell wall, (ii) DNA, and (iii)
      both cell wall and DNA. After four to five generations of chase in liquid media
      it was found by light microscope autoradiography that the numbers of wall
      segregation units per cell are 29 and 9 in rich and minimal medium, respectively.
      Under the same conditions the numbers of segregation units of DNA were almost 50%
      lower: 15 and 5, respectively. Simultaneous labeling of cell wall and DNA (iii)
      provided figures almost identical to those obtained for cell wall alone, (i),
      implying cosegregation of the two components. Statistical analysis ruled out
      their random distribution into daughter cells. Measurements of the positions of
      grain clusters at the end of the chase period along chains of cells, each derived
      from a single cell at the beginning of chase, show that cell wall units are
      localized according to a symmetrical pattern, whereas those of DNA are
      distributed in an asymmetrical but highly regular way. It appears that of two
      cell wall units of the same age one only has a strand of DNA attached to it. We
      present a simple diagrammatic model of cell wall organization and DNA-cell wall
      association which is compatible with our observations. Finally, we discuss
      previous experiments pertinent to cosegregation of cell wall and DNA obtained
      with cells grown on solid media as well as with germinating spores; an
      explanation for the independent segregation of cell wall and DNA observed in the
      latter case is advanced.

PMID- 6815165
TI  - Rescue of mitomycin C- or psoralen-inactivated Micrococcus radiodurans by
      additional exposure to radiation or alkylating agents.
AB  - The processing of damaged DNA was altered in a mitomycin C-sensitive mutant
      (mtcA) of Micrococcus radiodurans. Even though the mutant retained resistance to
      254-nm UV radiation, it did not, in contrast to the wild-type strain, show any
      excessive DNA degradation or cell death when incubated with chloramphenicol after
      sublethal doses of either UV light or mitomycin C. The results suggest the
      constitutive synthesis of an enzyme system responsible for wild-type proficiency
      in the repair of mitomycin C-induced damage. An alternative system able to repair
      damage caused by mitomycin C was demonstrated in the mtcA background. In this
      strain, additional damage inflicted upon the cellular DNA effected a massive
      rescue of cells previously inactivated by mitomycin C. Rescue was provoked by
      ionizing radiation, by UV light, or by simple alkylating agents. Cells treated
      with psoralen plus near-UV radiation could be rescued only when inactivation was
      due primarily to psoralen-DNA interstrand cross-links rather than to monoadducts.
      The rescue of inactivated cells was prevented in the presence of chloramphenicol.
      These results can be interpreted most readily in terms of an alternative repair
      system able to overcome DNA interstrand cross-links produced by mitomycin C or
      psoralen plus near-UV light, but induced only by the more abundant number of
      damages produced by radiation or simple alkylating agents.

PMID- 6815163
TI  - Pyruvate-dependent diauxic growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum in light.
AB  - When Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C was first exposed to radiant energy after
      long-term anaerobic dark growth, the cells often exhibited a diauxic growth
      response. This happened with pyruvate in the medium and when cultures were
      exposed to a less-than-growth-saturating white light intensity of about 6,460 lx.
      Under the growth-saturating light condition, mutant C photometabolized and growth
      was not affected by Na hypophosphite, an inhibitor of pyruvate fermentation. In
      lower intensity light, in which diauxie occurred, initial (phase I) growth
      occurred by fermentation of Na pyruvate and was sensitive to Na hypophosphite
      inhibition. Once pyruvate was depleted, phase I growth stopped, the
      bacteriochlorophyll content of the cells began to increase from about 3 nmol/mg
      of protein, and growth finally resumed phototrophically (phase II). The lag
      period and phase II growth were influenced by radiant energy. By changing the
      white light intensity from 2,150 to 753 lx between experiments, the duration of
      both the lag period and the generation time of cells in phase II growth
      increased. Diauxic growth was pyruvate dependent. It occurred with pyruvate even
      if malate, a photometabolizable substrate, was added to the growth medium.
      Moreover, the biphasic growth response was reversible. It was observed not only
      with R. rubrum mutant C grown cells photosynthetically, but also when other
      strains of R. rubrum were placed in pyruvate medium under lowered light
      conditions. Only R. rubrum S1 did not exhibit the typical pyruvate-dependent
      diauxic growth response.

PMID- 6815166
TI  - Regulatory relation between insulin receptor and its functional responses in
      primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats.
AB  - The relation between changes of insulin receptor and various metabolic responses
      were studied in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. In cells cultured for 3
      h without insulin, the number of high affinity sites and the dissociation
      constant (Kd) of insulin receptor, determined from a Scatchard plot, were 1.05 x
      10(5) sites/cell and 1.5 x 10(-9) M, respectively. The receptor number increased
      2-fold, but the Kd value remained constant during 2-days culture in insulin-free
      medium (up-regulation). Addition of dexamethasone (Dex), growth hormone, glucagon
      or triiodothyronine did not change the number of insulin receptors or the Kd
      value. In contrast, 1-day culture in insulin (1 x 10(-7) M) medium decreased the
      receptor number by half (down-regulation) without change of the Kd value. Short
      term responses of glycogenesis, amino acid transport and lipogenesis by insulin
      increased as the receptor number increased. In these cases, the sensitivity to
      insulin (Ka: half dose for the maximum response) did not change in cells with
      different receptor numbers, but the maximum response changed. These results show
      that hepatocytes, unlike adipocytes, do not have spare receptors of insulin.
      During down-regulation, the receptor number decreased by only half, but the
      insulin responses were lost almost completely. The receptor number returned to
      the normal level after culture in insulin-free medium for 12 h, but recovery of
      the responses took longer, suggesting that for the insulin response not only
      change of receptor number, but also other regulatory mechanisms for post-receptor
      processes, such as desensitization, are involved.

PMID- 6815167
TI  - Characterization of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi complex from rat ascites
      hepatoma AH-130 cells: a comparison with those from normal liver.
AB  - We isolated the Golgi-rich fraction from rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells and
      rat liver, and compared some properties of glycosyltransferases using various
      acceptors. The specific activity of sialyltransferase in the hepatoma Golgi
      fractions was reduced to 19--41% depending upon the acceptor used (asialo
      orosomucoid, asialo-fetuin or asialo-mucin), as compared to that of the normal
      liver Golgi fraction. However, no significant difference between the enzymes from
      the two sources was observed in pH optimum, requirements for the enzyme activity,
      and Km values for the donor substrate (CMP-sialic acid) and various acceptors
      used. The specific activity and other kinetic parameters of hepatoma
      galactosyltransferase were not significantly different from those of the liver
      enzyme, when assayed with N-acetylglucosamine, asialo-agalacto-fetuin and
      asialomucin as acceptors. Glycosyltransferases in the hepatoma and liver Golgi
      fractions were then assayed with plasma membranes from both sources as exogenous
      acceptor. Hepatoma sialyltransferase activity was much lower (1/2 to 1/4) than
      that of the normal liver. Galactosyltransferase activity, however, was found to
      be slightly higher in the hepatoma Golgi fraction than in the normal liver.
      Acceptor plasma membranes which were thus glycosylated in vitro by each Golgi
      enzyme were separated into protein and lipid fractions, and the latter fraction
      was further analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The results suggest that the
      hepatoma Golgi had much lower levels of glycoprotein : sialyltransferase and
      asialo-GM1 : sialyltransferase, but had an increased activity of asialo-GM3 :
      sialyltransferase. It is also suggested that the hepatoma Golgi had a high
      activity for the formation of di- and tri-glycosylceramides, for which the liver
      Golgi showed negligible activity.

PMID- 6815169
TI  - Peripheral distribution of nervous system-specific S-100 protein in rat.
AB  - S-100 protein, a nervous system-specific protein, was determined in a soluble
      extract of various rat tissues with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay method, which
      consisted of a solid-phase with immobilized anti-S-100 antibody and the antibody
      labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The minimum detectable
      amount of S-100 protein was 3 pg/assay. Central nervous tissues (cerebrum,
      cerebellum, and brain stem) contained 1.4 to 2.8 micrograms S-100 protein/mg
      protein, whereas most of the peripheral tissues contained less than 0.05
      microgram/ml of the specific protein. However, the level of S-100 protein was
      high in adipose tissue (0.5--1.1 micrograms/mg) and in trachea (about 0.5
      microgram/mg), which involves cartilage. The S-100 protein levels in several
      tissues were significantly higher in female rats than in males at ages of 5 to 6
      weeks.

PMID- 6815168
TI  - Bromodeoxyuridine-induced molecular species conversion of sialic acids of
      gangliosides and the alteration of cellular phenotypic expression in B16 mouse
      melanoma cells.
AB  - Gangliosides of B16 mouse melanoma cells were characterized and the effects of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on gangliosides were examined in relation to the
      alteration of cellular phenotypic expression. In melanotic cells, gangliosides
      were shown to be composed of both hematosides containing N-acetylneuraminic acid
      (NeuAc-hematoside) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc-hematoside) as determined
      by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the use of
      anti-NeuGc-hematoside antiserum. Gangliosides other than hematosides were not
      detectable under the conditions of thin-layer chromatography employed. BrdU
      treatment of the melanotic cells induced about a two-fold increase in the ratio
      of NeuGc-hematosides to the total hematosides without any significant change in
      the cellular ganglioside content. The treatment concomitantly induced a change in
      cellular morphology, an increase in cell-to-substrate adhesiveness, and the
      suppression of tyrosinase activity. Amelanotic cells, which showed cellular
      phenotypes similar to those of BrdU-treated melanotic cells, were demonstrated to
      have over twice as much NeuGc-hematosides as compared with the melanotic cells.
      These results indicate a possible relationship in melanoma cells between the
      molecular species conversion of sialic acids of hematosides and the alteration of
      cellular phenotypic expression by BrdU treatment or spontaneous amelanization.

PMID- 6815170
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of hepatic triglyceride lipase from human postheparin
      plasma by apolipoproteins A-I and A-II.
AB  - The present data describe the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of human plasma
      apolipoproteins A-I and A-II on hydrolysis of triglyceride catalyzed by hepatic
      triglyceride lipase using a substrate of triolein particles stabilized with gum
      arabic in vitro. The experimental data could well be described by a model in
      which apolipoproteins bound to the surface of lipid substrate particles inhibited
      the enzyme reaction. The values of Km obtained were similar with or without
      inhibitors and the calculated saturation levels of apolipoprotein binding to the
      lipid were in good agreement with those obtained in independent binding
      experiments.

PMID- 6815172
TI  - The mitochondrial glycine cleavage system: differential inhibition by divalent
      cations of glycine synthesis and glycine decarboxylation in the glycine-CO2
      exchange.
AB  - The exchange of glycine carboxyl carbon with CO2 catalyzed by the combination of
      chicken liver glycine decarboxylase (P-protein) and aminomethyl carrier protein
      (H-protein) was markedly inhibited by various divalent cations, although extents
      of inhibition by individual metal ions varied considerably. Cu2+ and Zn2+, at 100
      microM, inhibited the reaction almost completely, and the inhibitions by Co2+ and
      Ni2+ were also significant, while Mg2+ and Mn2+ did not appreciably affect the
      reaction. The inhibition by Zn2+ was competitive with both bicarbonate and H
      protein and non-competitive with glycine. Of the two reactions involved in the
      glycine-CO2 exchange, decarboxylation of glycine yielding the H-protein-bound
      aminomethyl moiety was not significantly affected by 100 microM Zn2+ or Cu2+, but
      carboxylation of the H-protein-bound aminomethyl moiety to form glycine was
      strongly inhibited by either Zn2+ or Cu2+. Various degrees of inhibition of the
      glycine-CO2 exchange by other divalent metal ions could also be accounted for by
      the inhibition of the carboxylation step of the exchange reaction. The primary
      site of the action of divalent metal ions is likely to be not P-protein but H
      protein, and the binding of metal ions with the H-protein-bound intermediate of
      glycine decarboxylation was assumed to account for the observed marked
      inhibition.

PMID- 6815171
TI  - Purification and characterization of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase
      C from bovine platelets.
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C was purified to homogeneity from
      soluble fraction of bovine platelets by ammonium sulfate fractionation,
      hydrophobic chromatography, DEAE ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration.
      The purified enzyme has a narrow pH optimum ranging from 6.5 to 7.5 and the
      molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 143,000 by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate slab gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme requires Ca2+ strictly for
      activity, which was markedly enhanced in the presence of arachidonate. No
      enhancement of the activity was observed in the presence of purified calmodulin.
      The activity was markedly inhibited in the presence of quinacrine but no
      inhibition by indomethacin was observed.

PMID- 6815173
TI  - Inhibition of proinsulin to insulin conversion in rat islets using arginine and
      lysine analogs. Lack of effect on rate of release of modified products.
AB  - Rat pancreatic islets were exposed to a combination of analogs of arginine (3 mM
      canavanine) and lysine (3 mM thialysine) for 2 h and then labeled with
      [3H]leucine in the continued presence of the analogs. Control islets were
      incubated in parallel without analogs. Prelabeled islets were then incubated for
      a 3-h chase period without analogs. Incorporation of the analogs blocked
      conversion of newly synthesized, radioactive, proinsulin to insulin. No untoward
      toxic effects of the analogs were found on nonradioactive insulin as measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The rate of release of the modified proinsulin was no different
      from that found for proinsulin newly synthesized in the absence of analogs and,
      as such, susceptible to the normal action of the enzymes responsible for
      proinsulin to insulin conversion. These results confirm the previously untested
      hypothesis that the beta-granule is the minimal functional unit of release;
      granules are thus handled by the B-cell and released at a rate which is
      independent of the physicochemical nature of their contents.

PMID- 6815174
TI  - A bacteriophage T4 DNA packaging related DNA-dependent ATPase-endonuclease.
AB  - A new bacteriophage T4-induced DNA-dependent ATPase-endonuclease was purified to
      essential homogeneity from an extract of late infected Escherichia coli. Both DNA
      dependent ATPase and endonuclease activities co-chromatograph, co-sediment, and
      have been renatured from a single 43-kilodalton protein eluted following sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that both
      activities are exerted by one multifunctional protein. Duplex, single-stranded,
      and supercoiled DNAs are all effective activators of the high specific activity
      ATPase which produces ADP and inorganic PO4. The enzyme displays a broad
      specificity towards the nucleoside and deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and the
      ATPase activity is strongly inhibited by DNA-intercalating compounds. The
      endonuclease appears to be most active on supercoiled DNA, producing double
      stranded breaks in duplex DNA, and does not require nucleoside triphosphates. An
      antiserum against the purified enzyme immunoprecipitated it, inhibited its ATPase
      activity, and also precipitated from extracts a T4-induced protein of Mr =
      43,000. This antigen was not found in uninfected E. coli, or following a gene
      55am mutant (late protein synthesis defective) infection, and was not detected
      following infection with T4 amber mutants of any early capsid protein gene which
      blocks T4 head protein cleavage in vivo. In a pulse-chase experiment, the
      radioactive antigen was not found following a pulse of radioactive amino acids,
      but appeared after a chase with excess nonradioactive amino acids. The enzyme
      related antigen is apparently produced by cleavage of a precursor by the T4 head
      assembly proteinase which processes a number of prohead proteins. These
      processing reactions are dependent in vivo upon assembly of the prohead and are
      required for its maturation. The evidence suggests that this enzyme functions in
      head assembly and DNA packaging, and originates as the cleavage product of a
      prohead precursor protein.

PMID- 6815175
TI  - Regulation of the cytoplasmic pH in Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6815176
TI  - Trimeric purine nucleoside phosphorylase from chicken liver having a proteolytic
      nick on each subunit and its kinetic properties.
AB  - Chicken liver purine nucleoside phosphorylase, a trimer of molecular weight
      90,000, is assumed to contain subunits of two different molecular weights
      (Murakami, K., and Tsushima, K. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 453, 205-210). The
      enzyme was purified by a new method including affinity chromatography. The
      purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 90,000, as before, but showed only a
      single band, of molecular weight 24,000, on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis. This band corresponded to the small subunit observed in enzyme
      purified by the conventional method. For enzyme purified by the new method, a
      quaternary structure consisting of three identical subunits, each of which had a
      single proteolytic nick at a definite peptide bond close to the COOH-terminal,
      was proposed. A Lineweaver-Burk plot with inosine as substrate was linear for
      this enzyme preparation (Km = 0.04 mM) in contrast to concave downward curvature
      with two apparent Km values of 0.04 and 0.2 mM for the enzyme purified by the
      conventional method.

PMID- 6815177
TI  - Factors modulating the catalytic specificity of a pure form of UDP
      glucuronyltransferase.

PMID- 6815178
TI  - Crystal structures of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate
      reductase refined at 1.7 A resolution. I. General features and binding of
      methotrexate.
AB  - X-ray data have been extended to 1.7 A for a binary complex of Escherichia coli
      dihydrofolate reductase with methotrexate and a ternary complex of Lactobacillus
      casei dihydrofolate reductase with methotrexate and NADPH. Models for both
      structures have been refined to R factors of 0.15 and include parameters for
      fixed and liquid solvent. The two species of dihydrofolate reductase resemble one
      another even more closely than was thought to be the case prior to refinement.
      Several new structural features have also been discovered. Among them are a cis
      peptide linking Gly-97 and Gly-98 (L. Casei numbering) in both species, an alpha
      helix involving residues 43 through 50 in the E. coli enzyme, and the existence
      of what may be a specific hydration site on exposed alpha helices. Refinement has
      led to a revised description of the details of methotrexate binding. We now see
      that a fixed water molecule mediates the interaction between methotrexate's 2
      amino group and Thr-116 (L. casei numbering) and that the inhibitor's 4-amino
      group makes two hydrogen bonds with the enzyme (instead of one). Other revisions
      are also discussed. A hypothetical model for substrate binding is proposed in
      which the pteridine ring is turned upside down while all protein and solvent
      atoms remain fixed. Asp-26 in this model is hydrogen bonded to the substrate's 2
      amino group and to N3.

PMID- 6815179
TI  - Crystal structures of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate
      reductase refined at 1.7 A resolution. II. Environment of bound NADPH and
      implications for catalysis.
AB  - New details of NADPH binding to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase have
      become visible as a result of crystallographic refinement to an R factor of 0.152
      at 1.7 A resolution. Conformational torsion angles for bound NADPH have been
      extensively revised and specific interatomic contacts responsible for cofactor
      binding have been identified. In addition, several structurally conserved water
      molecules are seen to mediate the protein-ligand interaction. In the nicotinamide
      binding site three oxygen atoms of the enzyme lie in the plane of the pyridine
      ring and close to ring carbons 2, 4, and 6. The placement of these polar groups
      suggests that the enzyme stabilizes a C4-carbonium electronic isomer of oxidized
      nicotinamide in the transition state. Pyramidalization of ring nitrogen N1 in the
      transition state might be promoted by a fixed water molecule positioned to donate
      a hydrogen bond to the N1 lone pair orbital. Pyramidalization could also relieve
      an unfavorable steric contact due to the observed rotation of the nicotinamide's
      carboxamide group by 180 degrees from its most stable conformation.

PMID- 6815180
TI  - 3-Chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase (deaminating) of Pseudomonas putida CR 1.1.
      Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme occurring in 3-chloro-D
      alanine-resistant pseudomonads.
AB  - A novel enzyme catalyzing cleavage of 3-chloro-D-alanine to pyruvate, ammonia,
      and chloride ion is distributed in some pseudomonads which have a resistance to
      high concentrations of 3-chloro-D-alanine. Pseudomonas putida CR 1-1 (AKU 867)
      was found to have the highest activity of enzyme, which was inducibly formed by
      the addition of 3-chloro-D-alanine to the medium. The enzyme, tentatively called
      3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase, was purified from P.l putida CR 1-1 in seven
      steps. After the last step, the enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by the criteria
      of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifuge, and double
      diffusion in agarose. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 76,000 and
      consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (approximately 38,000).
      The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 nm and 418 nm, which are independent
      of the pH (6.0-9.0), and contains 2 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol of the
      enzyme. The holoenzyme is resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with
      phenylhydrazine and reconstituted by the addition of pyridoxal-P. The apoenzyme
      can be crystallized by adding ammonium sulfate. 3-Chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase
      catalyzes an alpha, beta-elimination reaction of 3-chloro-D-alanine and also, but
      to a lesser extent, D-cysteine and D-cysteine. The enzyme also catalyzes a beta
      replacement reaction of chlorine of 3-chloro-D-alanine with hydrosulfide to yield
      D-cysteine. The important role of this novel beta-lyase enzyme in the
      detoxication of e-chloro-D-alanine by P. putida CR 1-1 is also discussed.

PMID- 6815181
TI  - A fluorescence assay to monitor vesicle fusion and lysis.
AB  - An assay based on the fluorescent compound 2',7'
      ([bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl) fluorescein (calcein) has been developed to
      investigate vesicle fusion and lysis. The assay involves encapsulating the
      nonfluorescent Co2+ complex of calcein in one set of vesicles and EDTA in a
      second set. If fusion occurs, EDTA chelates Co2+, releasing calcein which may be
      assayed by means of its intense fluorescence. Leakage of either component of the
      reaction can be directly quantitated by titrating the external medium with the
      other component. This assay was used to investigate the effects of calcium ion on
      small phosphatidylserine vesicles, a system reported to undergo fusion. It
      revealed immediate and extensive leakage of the encapsulated contents; membrane
      fusion must, therefore, be simultaneously with or subsequent to, loss of vesicle
      integrity. This assay is convenient and flexible; it should be useful in a
      variety of investigations of membrane-bounded compartments.

PMID- 6815182
TI  - Lysinoalanine as a metal chelator. An implication for toxicity.
AB  - Synthetic lysinoalanine (N epsilon-DL-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine) was
      found to have a strong chelating ability for metals. It became colored when mixed
      with Cu+2 and showed absorption characteristics typical of a complex.
      Lysinoalanine could inactivate metalloenzymes such as carboxypeptidases A and B
      and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, by removing the zinc ion from the active site.
      Model building for a mononuclear complex of the metal and lysinoalanine with
      space-filling models was possible for the LD-isomer, N epsilon-D-(2-amino-2
      carboxymethyl)-L-lysine. Etiological studies of its toxicity to humans should be
      made because the chelating ability of lysinoalanine is sufficiently strong to
      remove the metal from the enzyme active center at millimolar concentration.

PMID- 6815184
TI  - Heat activation of the Fe protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The Fe protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum isolated in the inactive
      form was found to be activated in vitro by heating. This heat activation was
      dependent upon temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration. During activation by
      heating, a change in the subunit composition of Fe protein was observed on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gels. The upper subunit decreases and the lower subunit
      increased. All components of the modifying group on inactive Fe protein appear to
      be lost upon heat activation.

PMID- 6815183
TI  - Total enzymic synthesis of cholesterol from 4,4,14 alpha-trimethyl-5 alpha
      cholesta-8,24-dien-3 beta-ol. Solubilization, resolution, and reconstitution of
      delta 7-sterol 5-desaturase.

PMID- 6815185
TI  - Mobilization of arachidonic acid from specific glycerophospholipids of human
      fetal membranes during early labor.
AB  - Arachidonic acid is mobilized from the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion laeve)
      during human parturition. To define the lipid species that serve as the source of
      arachidonic acid, we determined the lipid composition of fetal membranes obtained
      before and during early labor. The arachidonic acid content of diacyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine decreased by 41% in amnion and 20% in chorion laeve
      during early labor. The arachidonic acid content of phosphatidylinositol
      decreased by 35% in amnion and 16% in chorion laeve. No statistically significant
      changes were found in the arachidonic acid content of the other lipid fractions
      of either amnion or chorion laeve. Thus, during early labor, there is a net
      release of arachidonic acid specifically from diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylinositol of amnion and chorion laeve. The specific decrease in the
      arachidonic acid content of the diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylinositol of human fetal membranes during early labor, as found in the
      present investigation, can be accounted for by enzymatic activities that are
      relatively specific for the release of arachidonic acid from these two
      glycerophospholipids.

PMID- 6815186
TI  - A comparison of the activator sites of liver and muscle glycogen phosphorylase b.
AB  - Characteristics of the activator sites of liver and muscle phosphorylase b were
      probed by using AMP and AMP analogs in kinetic studies, by quantitative affinity
      chromatography, and by reaction with an affinity-labeling reagent. Activation of
      liver phosphorylase b by N6-(6-aminohexyl)AMP in comparison with AMP and other
      analogs is explained by preferential binding to the activator site. The KM value
      for glucose-1-P of liver phosphorylase b activated with N6-(6-aminohexyl)AMP is
      considerably higher than that of muscle phosphorylase b. Affinity chromatography
      utilizing AMP-Sepharose suggests that the activator site is less well formed in
      liver phosphorylase than in muscle phosphorylase. Reaction with 8-[m-(m
      fluorosulfonylbenzamido)benzylthio]adenine activates liver phosphorylase b and is
      consistent with the reaction at the activator site. The results suggest that part
      of the reason that liver phosphorylase b is not activated by AMP and AMP analogs
      is due to a poor coupling between the activator and active sites. Lack of good
      activation by AMP also can be explained by binding at the inhibitor site.

PMID- 6815187
TI  - The role of phospholipase A2 lysines in phospholipolysis of Escherichia coli
      killed by a membrane-active neutrophil protein.
AB  - Purified rabbit bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein at bactericidal
      concentrations is a membrane-perturbing agent that triggers hydrolysis of
      envelope phospholipids of a phospholipase A-less Escherichia coli (S17) mutant by
      a highly basic (pI greater than 10) phospholipase A2, purified from Agkistrodon
      halys blomhoffii snake venom. Most other purified phospholipases A2 do not
      degrade the phospholipids of E. coli killed by the bactericidal protein. To study
      the role of enzyme charge in bactericidal protein-dependent phospholipid
      hydrolysis, lysines of the Agkistrodon phospholipase A2 were modified, either by
      carbamylation (decreases net charge), or by reductive methylation (no delta
      charge). Incorporation of [14C]cyanate or [14C]formaldehyde and amino acid
      analysis served to monitor modification. Modification appears to be limited to
      epsilon-NH2 groups. Incorporation of up to 5 mol of cyanate or formaldehyde/mol
      of enzyme did not affect catalytic activity. In contrast, incorporation of, on
      average, 1 mol of either reagent/mol of protein reduced by 80% the activity of
      the enzyme toward E. coli S17 killed by the bactericidal protein. Since this loss
      is similar with carbamylation and reductive methylation, the role of the epsilon
      NH2 group in the bactericidal protein-dependent hydrolysis seems independent of
      charge. Thus, the lysines in this phospholipase A2 are not essential for
      catalysis and substrate binding, but are essential for the action of this enzyme
      on E. coli killed by the bactericidal protein.

PMID- 6815188
TI  - Isolation and preliminary characterization of proteoglycans synthesized by
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The proteoglycans synthesized by cartilage both in vivo and in vitro have been
      well characterized and serve as a standard for comparison with proteoglycans from
      other tissues. Both cartilage and muscle are mesenchymally derived tissues; yet
      proteoglycans synthesized by skeletal muscle have not been studied. This report
      describes the isolation and preliminary characterization of skeletal muscle
      proteoglycans synthesized by embryonic chick leg muscle in vitro and in vivo.
      Proteoglycans extracted from skeletal muscle cultures have a lower relative
      buoyant density than cartilage proteoglycans, as evidenced by dissociative CsCl
      equilibrium density gradient centrifugation; only 25% of the muscle proteoglycans
      are recovered from the densest portion of such gradients. The high buoyant
      density skeletal muscle proteoglycans have a significantly larger monomer
      hydrodynamic size and substantially longer chondroitin sulfate chains than do the
      proteoglycans synthesized by limb bud mesenchyme-derived chondrocytes in culture.
      The skeletal muscle proteoglycan monomers elute from Sepharose CL-2B with a Kav =
      0.17 and have chondroitin sulfate chains estimated to be greater than 50,000
      daltons. The proportion of chondroitin-6-sulfate in the in vitro skeletal muscle
      proteoglycans is higher than that in limb bud culture chondrocyte proteoglycans:
      76% versus 58%. Importantly, the chemical and structural features of skeletal
      muscle proteoglycans are distinct from those of the sulfated molecules produced
      by muscle-fibroblasts which are also present in the muscle cultures. Thus, the
      high buoyant density proteoglycans synthesized in vitro by embryonic chick leg
      myotubes appear to be unique species distinct from the proteoglycans produced in
      culture by chick limb bud chondrocytes and by chick leg muscle-fibroblasts.
      Preliminary analysis of chick leg skeletal muscle proteoglycans radiolabeled in
      ovo indicates that, like the proteoglycans synthesized by skeletal muscle in
      vitro, they are significantly larger than chondrocyte proteoglycans.

PMID- 6815189
TI  - Purification and properties of dihydropterin oxidase from Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - The enzyme dihydropterin oxidase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from
      the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This enzyme uses a variety of 2-amino-4
      oxo-7,8-dihydropteridine compounds as substrates, including 2-amino-4-oxo-7,8
      dihydropteridine (called dihydropterin), Km = 0.11 microM; 6-lactoyl-7,8
      dihydropterin, Km = 1.80 microM; and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, Km = 1.25 microM. The
      products in each case are the corresponding fully oxidized compounds 2-amino-4
      oxopteridine, oxidized 6-lactoyl-7,8-dihydropterin, and 6-L-erythro
      dihydroxypropylpterin, respectively. During the reaction, 1 mol of molecular
      oxygen is consumed per mole of substrate oxidized, and hydrogen peroxide is
      produced. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 51,500. The enzyme
      apparently contains two polypeptide chains of identical molecular weight. The
      prosthetic group of the enzyme has been identified as FAD. From the determination
      of the occurrence of the enzyme in the various stages of the life cycle of D.
      melanogaster and from other considerations, the tentative conclusion is reached
      that the physiological role of dihydropterin oxidase is to convert dihydropterin
      to 2-amino-4-oxopteridine, a reaction that is believed to be essential in the
      formation of 2-amino-4-oxo-7-hydroxypterin in D. melanogaster.

PMID- 6815190
TI  - Adenosine deaminase from deoxycoformycin-sensitive and -resistant rat hepatoma
      cells. Purification and characterization.
AB  - Deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells exhibit up to 300-fold increase in
      adenosine deaminase activity compared to the sensitive parental cells. In order
      to determine the basis of the increased enzyme activity in deoxycoformycin
      resistant cells, adenosine deaminase was purified from rat liver and
      deoxycoformycin-sensitive and -resistant cells. Physical, kinetic, and
      immunological properties of the purified enzymes were compared. Purified
      adenosine deaminase from all sources was found to be a monomer with an Mr
      approximately 45,000. In addition, the purified enzymes had a similar isozyme
      pattern in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. Km values for adenosine and Ki
      values for deoxycoformycin did not differ among the purified enzymes. By double
      diffusion analysis and quantitative immunoprecipitation, the purified enzymes
      were found to be immunologically indistinguishable. These data indicate that
      deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells produce increased amounts of
      adenosine deaminase protein which results in increased enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6815191
TI  - The functional molecular weights of factor VIII activities in whole plasma as
      determined by electron irradiation.
AB  - Activities of the various components of the human factor VIII complex in citrated
      and heparinized human plasma have been determined following radiation
      inactivation of the plasma in a high energy electron beam at -135 degrees C in
      order to determine the molecular size of the functional units. In citrated and in
      heparinized plasma the functional size of VIII:C was 120,000 +/- 9,700 and
      140,000 +/- 10,000, respectively. Taken together with previously published data,
      these results suggest that VIII:C exists in plasma as a dimer of noncovalently
      bonded functional subunits. The size of the functional unit of the ristocetin
      cofactor of the factor VIII complex was determined as being approximately 330,000
      in both citrated and heparinized samples. Immunological assays for VIII:C
      (inhibitor neutralization assay), the VIII:C antigen, and the VIII:vWF-related
      antigen suggest that these may not be reliable under conditions favoring the
      activation and inactivation of factor VIII components by thrombin or other
      proteases.

PMID- 6815192
TI  - Intracellular transport of cholesterol to the plasma membrane.
AB  - We have modified a plasma membrane isolation procedure which utilizes DEAE
      Sephadex beads (Gotlib, L. J., and Searls, D. B. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      602, 207-212) to rapidly measure intracellular transport of cholesterol from the
      site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. This
      transport process is rapid, with a half-time of about 10 min, has different
      kinetics from that of intracellular glycoprotein transport, and appears to be
      energy-dependent.

PMID- 6815193
TI  - Isolation and functional properties of the heavy and light chains of human plasma
      kallikrein.
AB  - Human plasma kallikrein was prepared by proteolytic activation of prekallikrein
      with beta-Factor XIIa (Mr = 28,000). Two forms of kallikrein were generated that
      were each composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains: a heavy chain of
      apparent Mr = 43,000 and a light chain of apparent Mr = either 36,000 or 33,000.
      Following reduction and alkylation, the heavy and light chains of kallikrein were
      isolated by affinity chromatography using insolubilized high molecular weight
      kininogen. The alkylated light chain of kallikrein did not bind to high molecular
      weight kininogen-Sepharose while the heavy chain did bind with high affinity and
      was subsequently eluted. The light chain retained the specific amidolytic
      activity of native kallikrein. The Km and kcat values for the hydrolysis of H-D
      Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide by kallikrein or its light chain were identical.
      Activation of Factor XII in solution was equally well catalyzed by kallikrein and
      its light chain. However, in kaolin-dependent coagulation, kallikrein was 180
      times more effective than the light chain in correcting the clotting defect of
      prekallikrein-deficient plasma. Furthermore, the light chain was 3.5 times less
      potent than kallikrein in cleaving high molecular weight kininogen in solution.
      These observations indicate that the light chain region contains the enzymatic
      active site and adequately accounts for the enzymatic properties of kallikrein in
      solution on the protein substrate, Factor XIII, and on oligopeptide substrates.
      However, the heavy chain region of kallikrein is required for binding to high
      molecular weight kininogen, for surface-dependent activation of coagulation, and
      for optimal cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen.

PMID- 6815194
TI  - Evidence for a second microsomal trans-2-enoyl coenzyme A reductase in rat liver.
      NADPH-specific short chain reductase.
AB  - Evidence for the existence of a previously unknown rat hepatic microsomal
      reductase, short chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (SC reductase) is presented.
      This reductase has a specific requirement for NADPH, is unable to utilize NADH,
      and catalyzes the conversion of crotonyl-CoA and trans-2-hexenoyl-CoA to butyric
      acid and hexenoic acid at a rate of 5 and 65 nmol per min per mg of microsomal
      protein, respectively. Highly purified NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase
      incorporated into liposomes prepared from dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine in the
      presence or absence of cytochrome P-450 possesses no SC reductase activity. These
      liposomal preparations did, however, catalyze mixed function oxidations of
      benzphetamine and testosterone. Rabbit antibody to rat liver NADPH cytochrome P
      450 reductase had little to no effect on the conversion of crotonyl-CoA and trans
      2-hexenoyl-CoA, suggesting that the SC reductase accepts reducing equivalents
      directly from NADPH. When acetoacetyl-CoA was incubated with hepatic microsomes
      and either NADH or NADPH, no formation of butyrate was detected; however, when
      both cofactors were present, a rate of formation of 3 nmol of butyrate was
      determined per min per mg of microsomal protein. These results suggest the
      presence of a previously unknown short chain beta-ketoreductase which catalyzes
      the reduction of short chain beta-keto acids, only in the presence of NADH. Our
      results also indicate that the electrons from NADH to the beta-ketoreductase
      bypass cytochrome b5. The physiological significance is discussed in terms of
      lipogenesis and ketone body utilization by the liver.

PMID- 6815195
TI  - Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Regulation of other
      transport systems (lactose and melibiose).
AB  - The role of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) in
      the phenomenon of inducer exclusion was examined in whole cells of Salmonella
      typhimurium which carried the genes of the Escherichia coli lactose operon on an
      episome. In the presence of the PTS substrate methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, the
      extent of accumulation of the lactose analog methyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
      was reduced. A strain carrying a mutation in the gene for Enzyme I was
      hypersensitive to the PTS effect, while a crr mutant strain was completely
      resistant. Influx, efflux, and exchange of galactosides via the lactose
      "permease" were inhibited by methyl alpha-glucoside. This inhibition occurred in
      the presence of metabolic energy poisons, and therefore does not involve either
      the generation of metabolic energy or energy-coupling to the lactose transport
      system. When the cellular content of the lactose permease was increased by
      induction with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, cells gradually became
      less sensitive to inducer exclusion. The extent of inhibition of methyl beta
      thiogalactoside accumulation by methyl alpha-glucoside was shown to be dependent
      on the relative cellular content of the PTS and lactose system. The data were
      consistent with an hypothesis involving partial inactivation of galactoside
      transport due to interaction between a component of the PTS and the lactose
      permease. By examination of the effects of the PTS and lactose uptake and
      melibiose permease-mediated uptake of methyl beta-thiogalactoside, it was further
      shown that the manner in which inducer exclusion is expressed is independent on
      the routes available to the non-PTS sugar for exit from the cell.

PMID- 6815196
TI  - The regrowth of right atrial noradrenergic nerves after 6-hydroxydopamine in
      genetically diabetic mice; effects of insulin treatment.
AB  - 1 This study examined the rate of repletion of right atrial noradrenaline levels
      after a single dose (100 mg/kg i.p.) of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH Da) in diabetic
      and non-diabetic mice of the C57 BL/KS db/db strain. 2 In mice which received no
      6-OH Da there was no significant difference, in endogenous noradrenaline levels,
      between diabetic and non-diabetic animals. The depletion of noradrenaline 24 h
      after 6-OHDa was slightly more profound in the diabetic mice than in non-diabetic
      controls. Thereafter the rate of repletion of noradrenaline was more rapid in the
      diabetic group. 3 The normal noradrenaline content was reinstated in diabetic
      mice between 7 and 10 days after 6-OHDa. In the non-diabetic group levels similar
      to those found in untreated mie were not reinstated until 14 days after 6-OHDa. 4
      Ten days after 6-OHDa right atria from diabetic mice were markedly more
      responsive to stimulation of the intramural noradrenergic nerves than were
      preparations from non-diabetic mice. 5 A group of diabetic mice was treated with
      insulin (10 m Units/g daily) for 6 weeks. The right atria from these animals,
      examined 10 days after 6-OHDa, were similar in their responses to noradrenergic
      nerve stimulation to the preparations from the non-diabetic mice. 6 All these
      groups of atria gave similar responses to exogenous noradrenaline. These findings
      indicate that regrowth of noradrenergic terminals after 6-OHDa was more rapid in
      diabetic mice than in either insulin-treated diabetic mice or non-diabetic mice.

PMID- 6815197
TI  - A clinical experience with the NCGT graft.
AB  - A comparison of 130 grafts done in 101 patients included 47 veins, 25 Johnson &
      Johnson dialdehyde-starch-tanned collagen prostheses, and 58 NCGT grafts that had
      been followed for a 40-month period. This study had documented the fact that in
      spite of frequent poor runoff, a useful result is provided by the NCGT graft
      apparently due in part to its built-in nonthrombogenic structure providing a
      cumulative patency of 73%. The patency rate was even superior with venous
      bypasses. Therefore, we still feel that the autogenous vein provides the most
      useful bypass conduit available in vascular reconstruction. In situations where a
      vein could not be used or was not available the NCGT graft offers an equally
      useful nonthrombogenic surface to maintain prolonged patency. Thus, collagen
      appropriately modified can provide a useful prosthesis in vascular
      reconstruction.

PMID- 6815198
TI  - Sensitivity of erythrocytes from various species to in vitro hemolyzation.

PMID- 6815199
TI  - Anterior decompression for myelopathy resulting from ossification of the
      posterior longitudinal ligament.
AB  - In this series, 15 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal
      ligament underwent anterior decompression to relieve moderate or severe
      myelopathy, which in 11 included urinary disturbance. The operation consisted of
      partial resection of the vertebrae, release of the ossified plaque from the
      surrounding tissue and the insertion of an iliac bone graft. The extent of
      ossification was confirmed by computerised tomography before and after operation.
      The plaque was completely detached and moved forward in half of the patients, but
      only partially moved in the remainder. Symptoms improved considerably. Urinary
      disturbance disappeared in all patients, but sensory disturbance was left in
      most. Two patients had prolonged symptoms which were not relieved despite the
      complete release of the ossified defect.

PMID- 6815200
TI  - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the ulna due to neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Two cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the ulna due to neurofibromatosis are
      reported. Similar radiographic changes in the ulna were found, with distortion of
      the capitulum and part of the trochlea and bowing of the radius. In one patient
      the head of the radius was dislocated and in the other it dislocated readily
      during pronation. A possible mechanism to explain the findings was suggested. On
      the basis of these and a review of the literature it is recommended that the main
      aim of treatment should be maintenance of the normal relative lengths of the
      radius and ulna by early excision of the pseudarthrosis to remove the restraining
      effect of the abnormal ulna. This will allow normal development of the lower end
      of the humerus and radius and prevent dislocation of the radial head.

PMID- 6815201
TI  - Radiographic classification of ankle injuries.
AB  - The initial ankle radiographs of 144 patients with ankle injuries were used to
      predict the total extent of ankle injury. Using the operative, clinical and
      radiographic findings, each injury was then classified according to the Lauge
      Hansen system. Three patterns of lateral mallecolar fracture were unique to
      specific mechanisms of injury, with transverse fractures occurring in supination
      adduction injuries, spiral fractures in supination lateral rotation injuries, and
      bending fractures in pronation abduction injuries. Vertical medial mallecolar
      fractures occurred only with supination-adduction injuries. Oblique and
      transverse medial malleolar fractures were not characteristic of a particular
      mechanism of injury. The complete extent of injury was accurately determined by
      the ankle radiographs in all but four patients. In these, the deltoid ligament
      tears could not be predicted by the radiographic findings.

PMID- 6815202
TI  - Gastrointestinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis in children: a report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two patients with von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis) involving the
      gastrointestinal tract are described. The manifestations of the disease were very
      different in each patient. In the first, the similarity of the diffuse abdominal
      form of plexiform neurofibromatosis to childhood sarcoma is emphasized. In the
      second, megacolon with a transition zone in the lower sigmoid colon producing a
      pseudo-Hirschsprung's appearance was present.

PMID- 6815203
TI  - Rod substructure in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes: phycoerythrin assembly in
      synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes.
AB  - Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes consist of a core of three cylindrical elements
      in an equilateral array from which extend in a fanlike manner six rods, each made
      up of three to four stacked disks. Previous studies (see Gingrich, J. C., L. K.
      Blaha, and A. N. Glazer, 1982. J. Cell Biol. 92:261-268) have shown that the rods
      consist of four disk-shaped complexes of biliproteins with "linker" polypeptides
      of 27-, 33.5-, 31.5-, and 30.5-kdaltons, listed in order starting with the disk
      proximal to the core: phycocyanin (alpha beta)6-27 kdalton, phycocyanin (alpha
      beta)6-33.5 kdalton, phycoerythrin (alpha beta)6-31.5 kdalton, phycoerythrin
      (alpha beta)6-30.5 kdalton, where alpha beta is the monomer of the biliprotein.
      Phycoerythrin complexes of the 31.5- and 30.5-kdalton polypeptides were isolated
      in low salt. In 0.05 M K-phosphate-1 mM EDTA at pH 7.0, these complexes had the
      average composition (alpha beta)2-31.5 and (alpha beta)-30.5 kdalton polypeptide,
      respectively. Peptide mapping of purified 31.5- and 30.5-kdalton polypeptides
      showed that they differed significantly in primary structure. In 0.65 M Na-K
      phosphate at pH 8, these phycoerythrin complexes formed rods of stacked disks of
      composition (alpha beta)6-31.5 or (alpha beta)6-30.5 kdaltons. For the (alpha
      beta)-30.5 kdalton complex, the yield of rod assemblies was variable and the self
      association of free phycoerythrin to smaller aggregates was an important
      competing reaction. Complementation experiments were performed with incomplete
      phycobilisomes from Synechocystis 6701 mutant strain CM25. These phycobilisomes
      are totally lacking in phycoerythrin and the 31.5- and 30.5-kdalton polypeptides,
      but have no other apparent structural defects. In high phosphate at pH 8, the
      phycoerythrin-31.5-kdalton complex formed disk assemblies at the end of the rod
      substructures of CM25 phycobilisomes whereas no interaction with the
      phycoerythrin-30.5 kdalton complex was detected. In mixtures of both the
      phycoerythrin-31.5 and -30.5 kdalton complexes with CM25 phycobilisomes, both
      complexes were incorporated at the distal ends of the rod substructures. The
      efficiency of energy transfer from the added phycoerythrin in complemented
      phycobilisomes was approximately 96%. The results show that the ordered assembly
      of phycoerythrin complexes seen in phycobilisomes is reproduced in the in vitro
      assembly process.

PMID- 6815204
TI  - Cytoplasmic pH and free Mg2+ in lymphocytes.
AB  - Measurements have been made of cytoplasmic pH, (pHi) and free Mg2+ concentration,
      ( [Mg2+]i), in pig and mouse lymphocytes. pHi was measured in four ways: by a
      digitonin null-point technique; by direct measurement of the pH of freeze-thawed
      cell pellets; from the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of
      intracellular inorganic phosphate; and by the use of a newly synthesized,
      intracellularly-trappable fluorescent pH indicator. In HEPES buffered
      physiological saline with pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C, pHi was close to 7.0. Addition
      of physiological levels of HCO3- and CO2 transiently acidified the cells by
      approximately 0.1 U. Mitogenic concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) had no
      measurable effect on pH in the first hour. [Mg2+]i was assessed in three ways:
      (a) from the external Mg2+ null-point at which the ionophore A23187 produced no
      net movement of Mg2+ or H+; (b) by Mg-sensitive electrode measurements in freeze
      thawed pellets; and (c) from the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the
      gamma-phosphate of intracellular ATP. Total cell Mg2+ was approximately 12 mmol
      per liter cell water. The NMR data indicated [Mg2+]i greater than 0.5 mM. The
      null-point method gave [Mg2+]i approximately 0.9 nM. The electrode measurements
      gave 1.35 mM, which was thought to be an overestimate. Exposure to mitogenic
      doses of Con A for 1 h gave no detectable change in total or free Mg2+.

PMID- 6815205
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic studies of the sites of cell-substratum and cell-cell
      contacts in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Our object was to obtain information about the molecular structures present at
      cell-substratum and cell-cell contact sites formed by cultured fibroblasts. We
      have carried out double immunoelectron-microscopic labeling experiments on
      ultrathin frozen sections cut through such contact sites to determine the
      absolute and relative dispositions of the three proteins fibronectin, vinculin,
      and alpha-actinin with respect to these sites. (a) Three types of cell-substratum
      and cell-cell contact sites familiar from plastic sections could also be
      discriminated in the frozen sections by morphological criteria alone, i.e., the
      gap distances between the two surfaces, and the presence of submembranous
      densities. These types were: (i) focal adhesions (FA); (ii) close contacts (CC);
      and (iii) extracellular matrix contacts (ECM). This morphological typing of the
      contact sites allowed us to recognize and assign distinctive immunolabeling
      patterns for the three proteins to each type of site on the frozen sections. (b)
      FA sites were immunolabeled intracellularly for vinculin and alpha-actinin, with
      vinculin labeling situated closer to the membrane than alpha-actinin. Fibronectin
      was not labeled in the narrow gap between the cell surface and the substratum, or
      between two cells, at FA sites. Control experiments showed that this could not be
      ascribed to inaccessibility of the FA narrow gap to the immunolabeling reagents
      but indicated an absence or severe depletion of fibronectin from these sites. (c)
      CC sites were labeled intracellularly for alpha-actinin but not vinculin and were
      labeled extracellularly for fibronectin. (d) ECM sites were characterized by
      large separations (often greater than 100 nm) between the cell and substratum or
      between two cells, which were connected by long cables of extracellular matrix
      components, including fibronectin. In late (24-36 h) cultures, ECM contacts
      predominated over the other types. ECM sites appeared to be of two kinds, one
      labeled intracellularly for both alpha-actinin and vinculin, the other for alpha
      actinin alone. (e) From these and other results, a coherent but tentative scheme
      is proposed for the molecular ultrastructure of these contacts sites, and
      specific functional roles are suggested for fibronectin, vinculin, and alpha
      actinin in cell adhesion and in the linkage of intracellular microfilaments to
      membranes at the different types of contact sites.

PMID- 6815206
TI  - Nucleosome repeat structure is present in native salivary chromosomes of
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The regularly repeating periodic nucleosome organization is clearly resolved in
      the chromatin of the isolated salivary chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. A
      new microsurgical procedure of isolation in buffer A of Hewish and Burgoyne
      (1973, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 52:504-510) yielded native Drosophila
      salivary chromosomes. These chromosomes were then swollen and spread by a
      modified Miller procedure, stained or shadowed, and examined in the electron
      microscope. Individual nucleoprotein fibers were resolved with regularly repeated
      nucleosomes of approximately 10 nm diameter. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of
      isolated salivary nuclei gave a family of DNA fragments characteristic of
      nucleosomes for total chromatin, 5S gene, and simple satellite (rho = 1.688
      g/cm3) sequences.

PMID- 6815207
TI  - Preferential distribution of anionic sites on the basement membrane and the
      abluminal aspect of the endothelium in fenestrated capillaries.
AB  - Cationized ferritin (CF) was injected interstitially to study the distribution of
      anionic sites on the basement membrane and abluminal aspect of the endothelium in
      the fenestrated capillaries of the mouse pancreas and intestinal mucosa.
      Extensive, but uneven removal of the basement membrane was obtained by
      collagenase perfusion of the vasculature before CF labeling. In the absence of
      collagenase treatment, CF label was essentially restricted to the lamina rara
      externa of the basement membrane and occurred in clusters distributed in a
      relatively ordered planar lattice. After collagenase digestion, labeling of the
      lamina rara interna and of the abluminal aspect of the endothelium became
      possible. In the lamina rara interna, the CF label occurred in clusters with a
      distribution comparable to that found in the lamina rara externa. On the
      abluminal aspect of the endothelium, the plasmalemma proper was extensively,
      though variably, labeled. Coated pits were heavily labeled, whereas the membranes
      and stomatal diaphragms of plasmalemmal vesicles and transendothelial channels
      remained free of CF decoration. In contradistinction with the heavy labeling of
      their luminal aspects, the abluminal surface of the fenestral diaphragms were
      free of any CF decoration. Pronase treatment removed all anionic sites detectable
      by CF binding. The findings establish the existence of differentiated
      microdomains on the abluminal aspect of the endothelial plasmalemma and suggest
      that the capillary wall selects permeant macromolecules according to charge, in
      addition to size.

PMID- 6815208
TI  - Diffusion rates of cell surface antigens of mouse-human heterokaryons. III.
      Regulation of lateral diffusion rates by calcium ions.
AB  - In mouse-human heterokaryons, the lateral diffusion of major histocompatibility
      (MHC) antigens in the plasma membrane is enhanced by treatment of parent cells
      with ouabain. Ouabain treatment is ineffective if the medium lacks calcium ion,
      or if Verapamil, a blocker of calcium channels, is present. The divalent
      ionophore A23187 also enhances lateral diffusion of MHC antigens, to the same
      extent as ouabain, A23187 is effective only if calcium is present in the medium.
      Thus it appears that increased levels of cell calcium release constraints to
      lateral diffusion of MHC antigens.

PMID- 6815209
TI  - Lateral diffusion of H-2 antigens on mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - We have used fluorescence photobleaching and recovery (FPR) to measure the
      lateral diffusion of mouse H-2 antigens, labeled with fluorescent Fab fragments,
      in the membrane of cl 1d fibroblasts. Diffusion coefficients, D, vary more than
      20-fold from cell to cell, though they vary no more than twofold when measured at
      different points on a single cell. The fraction of H-2 antigens mobile, R, also
      varies from cell to cell, and no lateral diffusion of H-2 antigens can be
      detected in approximately 20% of the cells examined. Treatment of cells with NaCN
      + NaF, reducing their levels of ATP reduces the proportion of cells in which no
      lateral diffusion can be detected. The maximum values of D seen in poisoned cells
      are less than those in controls. Treatment of cells with the divalent inophore,
      A23187, greatly increases the proportion of cells in which diffusion of H-2 is
      rapid, D greater than 2 x 10(-9) cm2 s-1. The data obtained on diffusion by FPR
      can be replotted in the form of an experiment in which lateral diffusion of H-2
      antigens is measured in a population of heterokaryons. There is good agreement
      between this transformation and actual data on heterokaryons. Thus the two
      methods appear to measure the same transport process.

PMID- 6815210
TI  - Surfaces of rod photoreceptor disk membranes: integral membrane components.
AB  - The membrane surfaces within the rod outer segment of the toad, Bufo marinus,
      were exposed by rapid-freezing followed by freeze-fracture and deep-etching.
      Platinum-carbon replicas of disk membranes prepared in this way demonstrate a
      distinct sidedness. The membrane surface that faces the lumen of the disk shows a
      fine granularity; particles of approximately 6 nm are packed at a density of
      approximately 30,000/micron 2. These dimensions suggest that the particles
      represent protrusions of the integral membrane protein, rhodopsin, into the
      intradisk space. In addition, when rhodopsin packing is intentionally perturbed
      by exhaustive digestion with phospholipase C, a concomitant change is observed in
      the appearance of the luminal surface granularity. The cytoplasmic surface of the
      disk rarely displays this rough texture; instead it exhibits a collection of much
      larger particles (8-12 nm) present at approximately 10% of the concentration of
      rhodopsin. This is about the size and concentration expected for certain light
      regulated enzymes, cGMP phosphodiesterase and GTP-binding protein, which are
      currently thought to localize on or near the cytoplasmic surface of the disk. The
      molecular identity of the 8-12-nm particles will be identified in the following
      companion paper. A further differentiation of the cytoplasmic surface can be seen
      around the very edge, or rim, of each disk. This rim has relatively few 8-12-nm
      particles and instead displays short filamentlike structures connecting it to
      other membranes. These filaments extend between adjacent disks, across disk
      incisures, and from disk rims to the nearby plasma membrane.

PMID- 6815211
TI  - Sperm surface galactosyltransferase activities during in vitro capacitation.
AB  - Studies using genetic and biochemical probes have suggested that mouse sperm
      surface galactosyltransferases may participate during fertilization by binding N-
      acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues in the egg zona pellucida. In light of these
      results, we examined sperm surface galactosyltransferase activity during in vitro
      capacitation to determine whether changes in enzymatic activity correlated with
      fertilizing ability. Results show that surface galactosyltransferases on
      uncapacitated sperm was preferentially loaded with poly N-acetyllactosamine
      substrates. As a consequence of capacitation in Ca(++)-containing medium, these
      polylactosaminyl substrates are spontaneously released from the sperm surface,
      thereby exposing the sperm galactosyltransferase for binding to the zona
      pellucida. Sperm capacitation can be mimicked, in the absence of Ca(++), either
      by washing sperm in Ca(++)-free medium, or by pretreating sperm with antiserum
      that reacts with the galactosyltransferase substrate. In both instances, sperm
      galgactosylation of endogenous polylactosaminyl substrates is reduced, coincident
      with increased galactosylation of exogenous GlcNAc, and increased binding to the
      zona pellucida. Binding of capacitated sperm to the egg can be inhibited by
      pronase-digested high molecular weight polyactosaminyl glycoside extracted from
      epidymal fluids or from undifferentiated F9 embryonal carninoma cells. Thus,
      these glycosides function as "decapacitation factors" when added back to in vitro
      fertilization assays. These glycoside "decapacitation factors" inhibit sperm-egg
      binding by competeing for the sperm surface galactosyltransferase, since (a) they
      are galactosylated by sperm in the presence of UDP[(3)H]galactose, and (b)
      enzymatic removal of terminal GlcNAc residues reduces "decapacitation factio"
      competition. On the other hand "conventional" low molecular weight glycosides,
      isolated from either epididymal fluid or differentiated F9 cells, fail to inhibit
      capacitated sperm binding to the zona pellucida. These results define a molecular
      mechanism for one aspect of sperm capacitation, and help explain why removal of
      "decapacitation factos" is a necessary prerequisite for sperm binding to the zona
      pellucida.

PMID- 6815212
TI  - A role for mouse sperm surface galactosyltransferase in sperm binding to the egg
      zona pellucida.
AB  - Past studies have suggested that mouse sperm surface galactosyltransferase may
      participate during fertilization by binding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues
      in the zona pellucida. In this paper, we examined further the role of sperm
      surface galactosyltransferase in mouse fertilization. Two reagents that
      specifically perturb sperm surface galactosyltransferase activity both inhibit
      sperm-zona binding. The presence of the milk protein alpha-lactalbumin
      specifically modifies the substrate specificity of sperm galactosyltransferase
      away from GlcNAc and towards glucose and simultaneously inhibits sperm binding to
      the zona pellucida. Similarly, UDP-dialdehyde inhibits sperm binding to the zona
      pellucida and sperm surface galactosyl-transferase activity to identical degrees.
      Of five other sperm enzymes assayed, four are unaffected by UDP-dialdehyde, and
      one is affected only slightly. Covalent linkage of UDP-dialdehyde to sperm
      dramatically inhibits binding to eggs, while treatment of eggs with UDP
      dialdehyde has no effect on sperm binding. Heat-solubilized or pronase-digested
      zona pellucida inhibit sperm-zona binding, and they can be glycosylated by sperm
      with UDP-galactose. Sperm are also able to glycosylate intact zona pellucida with
      UDP-galactose. Thus, solubilized and intact zona pellucida act as substrates for
      sperm surface GlcNAc:galactosyltransferases. Finally, pretreatment of eggs with
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibits sperm binding by up to 86%, while under
      identical conditions, pretreatment with beta-galactosidase increases sperm
      binding by 55%. These studies, in conjunction with those of the preceding paper
      dealing with surface galactosyltransferase changes during capacitation, directly
      suggest that galactosyltransferase is at least one of the components necessary
      for sperm binding to the zona pellucida.

PMID- 6815213
TI  - Electron microscopy of human factor VIII/Von Willebrand glycoprotein: effect of
      reducing reagents on structure and function.
AB  - The structure of native and progressively reduced human factor VIII/von
      Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) was examined by electron microscopy and SDS gel
      electrophoresis and then correlated with its biological activities. Highly
      resolved electron micrographs of well-spaced, rotary-shadowed FVIII/vWF molecules
      showed their structure to consist of a very flexible filament that contains
      irregularly spaced small nodules. Filaments ranged from 50 to 1,150 nm with a
      mean length of 478 nm and lacked fixed, large globular domains as seen in
      fibrinogen and IgM. A population of multimeric FVIII/vWF species ranging in
      molecular weight from 1 to 5 million daltons and differing in size alternately by
      one and two subunits was observed on SDS-2% polyacrylamide-0.5% agarose gel
      electrophoresis. With progressive reduction of disulfide bonds by dithiothreitol
      (DTT), the electron microscopic size of FVIII/vWF decreased in parallel with
      increased electrophoretic mobility on SDS-agarose gels; between 0.1 and 0.5 mM
      DTT its structure changed from predominantly fibrillar species to large nodular
      forms. A 50% loss of vWF specific activity and FVIII procoagulant activity
      occurred at 0.4 mM DTT and 1 mM DTT, respectively, corresponding to the reduction
      of 4 and 12 disulfide bonds of the 62 disulfides per 200,000-dalton subunit. We
      conclude that reduction of a few critical disulfide bonds results in a major
      structural change by electron microscopy and a concomitant loss of approximately
      50% of the vWF function.

PMID- 6815216
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of some coenzyme M (2
      mercaptoethanesulphonic acid) derivatives by ion pairing on reversed-phase
      columns.

PMID- 6815215
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol
      in biological fluids.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of carbaryl and 1
      naphthol in whole blood by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
      and fluorescence detection is described. Spiked blood (heparinized) containing an
      internal standard was hemolyzed and extracted with ethyl acetate. After
      centrifugation the extractant was removed and taken to dryness. Reconstitution
      and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence analysis
      yielded linear standard curves for carbaryl and 1-naphthol. Linear response vs.
      concentration profiles were obtained for carbaryl and 1-naphthol extracted from
      buffer solutions as well. A simple chemical hydrolysis study of carbaryl is
      included to illustrate the effectiveness of the extraction procedure and assay.

PMID- 6815217
TI  - Determination of dipeptides in protein hydrolysates for total parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6815214
TI  - [Implications of prostaglandins in neoplastic processes of human glandular
      epithelia, particularly the breast and prostate].
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGs) are a family of lipid compounds synthesized from
      polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from phospholipids, and divided into three
      main classes: primary PGs (including prostacyclin), thromboxanes, and
      leukotrienes. Though each member possesses marked activity on certain human
      biological functions, their precise role in physiological processes is uncertain,
      as they are present in very low quantities under normal or resting condition but
      show a marked increase in levels during benign or malignant pathological
      processes. This report mainly concerns neoplastic and preneoplastic phenomena,
      when PGs production is presented as being the consequence of altered cell
      function. This results from loss of the physiological state of tissue dependence
      of the cells, which acquire functional autonomy and become endowed with
      properties which appear to be important in cancer dissemination processes.

PMID- 6815218
TI  - Method for the determination of higher chlorinated diphenyl ethers in chicken
      tissue.

PMID- 6815219
TI  - Purification of enzymes by medium-performance gel filtration on TSK-Gel
      Toyopearl.

PMID- 6815222
TI  - [The effects of hypertonic solution on experimental cerebral edema].

PMID- 6815221
TI  - Binding of sheep erythrocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemias of B-cell origin.
AB  - Two patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia having leukemic cells that bind
      sheep red blood cells by different mechanisms are described. In the first case,
      rosette formation was mediated by the anti-sheep erythrocyte activity of a
      monoclonal surface IgMk, related to Forssman antigen. In the second, E-rosette
      formation was found to be independent of both surface immunoglobulins and the
      classic E-rosette receptor since the leukemic cells were recognized neither by
      the OKT-11 monoclonal antibody nor by other markers specific to T-cell lineage.
      Evaluation of these rare cases emphasizes that detection of surface
      immunoglobulins and spontaneous rosetting are not sufficient for the
      characterization of leukemic clones and raises some doubts concerning the use of
      available surface markers in the characterization of lymphoproliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 6815220
TI  - Immunoglobulin isotype expression of normal pre-B cells as determined by
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - We have undertaken an immunofluorescent analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy and
      light chains expressed by pre-B cells from normal human fetal and adult bone
      marrow using purified mouse monoclonal and goat antibodies to human
      immunoglobulin isotypes. Our results indicate that (i) the great majority of
      normal pre-B cells in both fetuses and adults expresses intracytoplasmic mu
      chains only, (ii) immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis may be initiated during a
      late stage in pre-B-cell development, and (iii) heavy-chain isotype switching at
      the pre-B-cell stage may not occur during normal B-cell development.

PMID- 6815223
TI  - Incidence of tibio-fibular shaft and ankle fractures in children.

PMID- 6815224
TI  - The "fabella syndrome": an update.
AB  - Sixteen adolescents presented with symptoms referable to the posterior lateral
      compartment of the knee, specifically the region of the fabella. The salient
      features of the syndrome include intermittent pain in the posterolateral region,
      accentuated by knee extension and localized tenderness when the fabella is
      compressed against the femoral condyle. The condition appears to be unique to
      late adolescence (15-17 years of age). Five patients responded to conservative
      measures. Eleven patients required surgery, all of whom obtained immediate relief
      of symptoms with removal of the ossified fabella, cartilaginous fabella, or
      thickened gastrocnemius fibers.

PMID- 6815226
TI  - Oral cholecystographic agents and floating gallstones.

PMID- 6815225
TI  - Echo detection and lipid particle size.

PMID- 6815227
TI  - M-mode omnidirectional recordings obtained from two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - A simple and inexpensive procedure to obtain M-mode tracings at any level or
      direction from two-dimensional echocardiograms is described. The method permits a
      complete M-mode visualization of 1) segmental motion of the cardiac walls, 2)
      structures difficult to reach with conventional procedures, and 3) two or more
      cardiac valves simultaneously.

PMID- 6815228
TI  - Ultrasonographic features of prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Over an 18-mo period, 93 prostate examinations were performed by a suprapubic
      transabdominal approach. By applying ultrasonographic tissue textural analysis,
      we were able to identify 16 out of 19 carcinomas. Most of these analyses showed
      ill-defined focal abnormalities located either in the posterior or the posterior
      lateral portion of the gland. Ten of the analyses demonstrated increase
      echogenicity, while six demonstrated decreased echogenicity. Irregularity of the
      capsule was an unreliable sign in determining capsular invasion. The degree of
      extension appears to be better evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In
      conclusion, transabdominal ultrasound holds promise in the detection of prostatic
      carcinoma, while staging should be done by CT.

PMID- 6815229
TI  - Breast cancer: the appearance as delineated by whole breast water-path ultrasound
      scanning.

PMID- 6815230
TI  - B-mode sonography of blood clots.
AB  - Systematic evaluation of blood clot echogenicity was performed with five
      different transducer frequencies in two experiments. In the first experiment,
      blood clots were insonified at five different time periods; from immediately
      after clotting up to 96 hours after clotting. In the second experiment, blood
      clots of four different hematocrits (48 to 20%) and clots of hemolysed blood were
      insonified. The clots, with normal hematocrits, were highly echogenic when imaged
      with 5, 7.5 and 10-MHz transducers immediately and 24 hours after clotting. The
      echo intensity decreased over the following days until it almost disappeared at
      96 hours after clotting. Clot echogenicity was not observed with 2.25 and 3.5-MHz
      transducers, except at the interface between retracted clot and serum. Clot
      echogenicity decreased in proportion with the hematocrit. Hemolysed blood clots
      were not echogenic. It is concluded from this study that fresh blood clots are
      echogenic soon after thrombosis with high resolution imaging and this
      echogenicity diminishes with time. Ultimately with organization and lamination,
      echogenicity will recur.

PMID- 6815231
TI  - Ultrasound volume measurements comparing a prolate ellipsoid method with a
      parallel planimetric area method against a known volume.

PMID- 6815232
TI  - Diagnosis of an abortion complication by ultrasound.

PMID- 6815233
TI  - Fractured kidney and retroperitoneal hematoma diagnosed by ultrasound.

PMID- 6815234
TI  - Detection of intramural uterine perforation with real-time ultrasound during
      curettage.

PMID- 6815235
TI  - Ultrasonic demonstration of renal collecting system invasion by transitional cell
      cancer.

PMID- 6815236
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of papillary muscle calcification.

PMID- 6815237
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of splenic vein thrombosis.

PMID- 6815238
TI  - Sarcoma botryoides of the uterus presenting as an abdominal mass.

PMID- 6815239
TI  - Prenatal sonographic findings of meconium peritonitis with pathologic
      correlation.

PMID- 6815240
TI  - Epididymal sperm granuloma simulating a testicular neoplasm.

PMID- 6815241
TI  - Mineral oil versus KOH for Sarcoptes.

PMID- 6815242
TI  - Strategies to promote direct access: the public education alternative.

PMID- 6815243
TI  - CT demonstration of a neurofibrosarcoma causing femoral neuropathy.

PMID- 6815244
TI  - Identification of a calcium-binding protein in human milk as alpha-lactalbumin.

PMID- 6815245
TI  - Responses of dairy cows to dietary aflatoxin: feed intake and yield, toxin
      content, and quality of milk of cows treated with pure and impure aflatoxin.
AB  - Ten fistulated Holstein cows in midlactation were given daily doses of 13 mg of
      aflatoxin B1 for 7 days. Six received pure aflatoxin B1; three received an impure
      preparation that contained aflatoxin B1 plus other aflatoxins and metabolites
      produced by Aspergillus parasiticus in culture. Toxin was administered to each
      animal twice daily, one-half of the total dose each time, via the rumen orifice.
      Morning and evening milks were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin M1. Milk
      production and feed intake were monitored for 5 days before, every day during,
      and for 8 days after treatment with aflatoxin B1. Milk contained from 1.05 ppb to
      10.58 ppb of aflatoxin M1. None was in milk 4 days after administration of toxin
      had stopped. Somatic cell counts and standard plate counts from milks of two cows
      were not affected appreciably by administration of toxin. Fluctuations in feed
      intake and milk production occurred in all animals during the treatment period
      with a significant decrease in milk production of those cows receiving 13 mg of
      impure aflatoxin B1 per day. Differences in results when cows received equal
      amounts of aflatoxin B1 may be attributable to the type of toxin administered
      (pure versus impure).

PMID- 6815246
TI  - Attaining and measuring physical fitness in dairy cattle.
AB  - Research with dairy cows was to determine whether dairy cows in confinement are
      in poor physical condition, if programmed exercise improves physical fitness, and
      which physiological measures are most useful indicators of physical fitness. If
      maintenance of physiologic homeostasis when an animal is under a work load is a
      valid criterion of physical fitness, dairy cows in confinement are in poor
      physical condition, and physical fitness can be improved by programmed exercise.
      Walking cows at 4 km/h for a distance of 8 km daily for 5 days per wk for 8 wk
      prepartum improved their physical fitness. Useful hemic indicators of improved
      fitness were less increase in erythrocyte numbers and hemoglobin concentration
      and less decrease in oxygen tension, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid contents, and
      base excess than in poorly conditioned cattle under work load. Venous blood was
      satisfactory for these measurements. Also valued were heart and respiratory
      rates, except these rates being sensitive to extraneous disturbances may be less
      reliable.

PMID- 6815247
TI  - Correlation of rat incisor ameloblasts with maturation cycles as displayed on
      enamel surface with EDTA.

PMID- 6815248
TI  - [Carbon monoxide utilization by anaerobic bacteria].

PMID- 6815249
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of peripheral sections of Listeria monocytogenes
      L colonies].

PMID- 6815250
TI  - [Effect of antitumor preparations on the cellular proliferation of human
      gastrointestinal tract tumors cultured in diffusion chambers in vivo].

PMID- 6815251
TI  - Thermal processing effects on folacin bioavailability in liquid model food
      systems, liver, and cabbage.

PMID- 6815252
TI  - Aerosolized terbutaline in asthmatics: development of subsensitivity with long
      term administration.
AB  - The peak response and the duration of bronchodilator effect were measured after
      four inhalations at 20 min intervals of 250 micrograms of aerosolized terbutaline
      in 13 patients with bronchial asthma. Patients were initially studied after
      strict avoidance of all adrenergic agents for 2 wk; they were then studied at 2
      wk intervals for 12 wk while receiving 500 micrograms of aerosolized terbutaline
      q.i.d. The initial testing (TI) and the testing at the end of 12 wk (TII) were
      double blind. Both peak response and duration of action decreased significantly
      between TI and TII. Cumulative dose-response curves showed that further
      improvement occurred after each inhalation during TI but that there was
      significant improvement only after the first inhalation during TII.

PMID- 6815253
TI  - Nutritional outcome of 207 very low-birth-weight infants in an intensive care
      unit.
AB  - Growth and feeding outcomes during the first weeks of life were prospectively
      evaluated in 207 critically ill, very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants (birth
      weight less than 1,500 gm). Maximal weight loss occurrd by day 9, averaging 13
      percent of birth weight, while birth weight was regained by day 18. Energy intake
      during initial weight gain (19 gm. per day) averaged 100 kcal per kilogram.
      Feeding and growth outcome were highly correlated (p of less than 0.001) with
      severity of illness but were not significantly related to sex, birth weight, or
      appropriateness of weight for gestational age.

PMID- 6815254
TI  - Long-term care services: shift needed from institutional to community-based
      ambulatory services.

PMID- 6815255
TI  - Herpes zoster dendritic keratitis.

PMID- 6815257
TI  - [Thyroid gland and female sexual function. I. Relation outside of pregnancy].
AB  - After having reviewed briefly the main characteristics of adult thyroid function,
      as well as the ways in which this is controlled (the first part), the authors
      reviewed present day methods of investigating thyroid gland function (the second
      part). In the third part of the work hormonal interrelationships between the
      thyroid and the ovary are discussed as well as the influence of gonadal hormones
      on thyroid function and the influence of the latter on ovarian function and on
      hypothalamic-pituitary interactions. The effects of thyroid diseases on
      reproductive function are studied in the last part of the work.

PMID- 6815256
TI  - Probing the microenvironment of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts by
      triplet excited state quenching methods.
AB  - Triplet flash photolysis techniques, coupled with quenching of the triplets by
      molecular oxygen, are utilized as probes of the microenvironment of polycyclic
      aromatic molecules bound covalently and non-covalently to DNA. The triplet-oxygen
      quenching properties of the following adducts in aqueous solutions at 25 +/- 1
      degrees C were investigated: covalent adducts derived from the reaction of (+/-)
      7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9, 10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaPDE) and of (+/-)-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaPE) with DNA, and non-covalent intercalation
      complexes of acridine orange (AO) and DNA. In all cases the quenching follows the
      Stern-Volmer quenching law with a quenching constant of KTO2 approximately equal
      to 10(9) M-1 X S-1 for the covalent BaPDE-DNA and BaPE-DNA complexes in aqueous
      solution. This value of KTO2 is characteristic of free molecules (not bound to
      DNA) and indicates that the pyrene chromophore is totally accessible to oxygen,
      and is thus not located at an intercalation-type of binding site in these
      covalent adducts. In contrast, the AO-DNA complexes are characterized by values
      of KTO2 approximately equal to 10(8) M-1 X S-1 indicating that the intercalated
      AO molecules are about ten times less accessible to molecular oxygen than free AO
      molecules. The KTO2 values for the covalent BaPDE-DNA and BaPE-DNA adducts
      decrease when the DNA concentration is increased in the 1 X 10(-4)-3 X 10(-3) M
      range (expressed in nucleotide concentration). This effect is attributed to
      intermolecular DNA-DNA interactions in which segments of adjacent DNA molecules
      tend to cover the pyrene chromophores on other strands, thus decreasing their
      accessibility to oxygen. In contrast the values of KTO2 for the non-covalent AO
      DNA intercalation complexes are independent of DNA concentration, as expected for
      interior binding sites.

PMID- 6815258
TI  - [Induction of ovulation and pregnancy resulting from chronic and pulsatile
      administration of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (Gn-RH)].
AB  - Amenorrhoea of high origin, namely hypothalamic, reflects inhibition or a drop in
      endogenous secretion of Gn-RH. Two patients with this trouble were treated with
      synthetic Gn-RH in a pulsatile way and by a continuous method. We have been using
      a portable reprogrammable mini-pump (Zyklomat-Ferring) connected up to an
      intravenous catheter which has delivered 15 to 20 micrograms of Gn-RH for one
      minute every 90 minutes. This treatment brought about progressive rises in serum
      concentrations of oestradiol and of LH. The ovulation was obtained in both women,
      and checked by the demonstration by ultra-sound of rupture of the dominant
      follicle and by estimation of plasma and progesterone levels. One of them became
      pregnant following this treatment. This kind of therapy seems to us to be an
      attractive physiological alternative for induction of ovulation.

PMID- 6815259
TI  - Non-A non-B viral hepatitis: a common-source outbreak traced to sewage
      contamination of drinking water.

PMID- 6815260
TI  - Localization of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen by immunoelectron
      microscopy in human endothelial cells using Fab fragments coupled to peroxidase.
AB  - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen (VIII R:Ag) has been localized in human
      endothelial cells by an immunoperoxidase method and electron microscopy. Specific
      antibodies against VIII R:Ag were isolated from monospecific rabbit antisera by
      an immunoadsorbant. Fab fragments were prepared and coupled to peroxidase. Native
      human endothelial cells from umbilical cord veins were incubated with the Fab
      conjugates. Peroxidase labeling was seen on the plasma membrane, in vesicles, and
      in the Golgi apparatus. In order to eliminate nonspecific antibody
      internalization, the same procedure was reproduced on fixed endothelial cells and
      similar localization was observed. Staining was only found when specific VIII
      R:Ag Fab conjugates were used. All the controls were devoid of labeling, thus the
      peroxidase reaction product localized in the Golgi cisternae is specific for VIII
      R:Ag and suggests VIII R:Ag synthesis in endothelial cells.

PMID- 6815261
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase localization by light and electron microscopy: a comparison of
      methods.
AB  - The histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase by Hansson's cobalt-salt
      method was compared with immunocytochemical localization in the proventriculus
      (glandular stomach), the chorioallantoic membrane, and in articular and growth
      plate cartilages from the domestic hen. Numerous differences were observed.
      Staining was positive by Hansson's method and negative by immunocytochemistry for
      the submucosal glands of the proventriculus, articular cartilage cells, resting
      and proliferating cells of the growth plate, nuclei, and intercellular spaces.
      Red blood cells stained faintly and inconsistently by Hansson's method. Both
      methods were in agreement for the cytoplasm of the surface mucosal cells of the
      proventriculus, the cytoplasm of the villus cavity cells in the chorioallantoic
      membrane, and in hypertrophic cells of growth-plate cartilage. Acetazolamide
      usually inhibited the histochemical reaction, even in those sites that, according
      to other methods, did not contain enzyme. Consequently, acetazolamide inhibition
      appears to be an unreliable control for the histochemical reaction.

PMID- 6815262
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for cell surface and Golgi localization of
      galactosyltransferase in human stomach, jejunum, liver and pancreas.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of galactosyltransferase (UDP-galactose: 2
      acetamido-2-deoxy beta-D-glucopyranose beta (1-4) transferase) in human tissue
      specimens of gastric and jejunal mucosa, exocrine pancreas, and liver was carried
      out at the light microscopic level using affinity purified rabbit anti-human milk
      galactosyltransferase antibodies. Intracellular localization of
      galactosyltransferase in epithelial cells appeared as a triangular compact
      structure close to the apical pole of the nucleus. In hepatocytes, the enzyme was
      found in discrete spots in the cytoplasm between the nuclei and the bile
      canaliculi. In addition to the intracellular, juxtanuclear location an intense
      reaction at the luminal part of the cell surface was found in the lining
      epithelium of the stomach, in enterocytes of the jejunal villus tips, and in
      ductular cells of the pancreas. Enterocytes located in the middle portion along
      the cryptvillus gradient exhibited cytoplasmic staining adjacent to the brush
      borders. Basolateral membranes appeared negative. Little or no enzyme could be
      demonstrated in cells belonging to the connective tissue. These results show that
      secretory cells contain a Golgi apparatus which can be visualized at the light
      microscopic level by virtue of its content in galactosyltransferase. Presence of
      galactosyltransferase antigen on the surface of certain cells supports the
      assumption that ectoglycosyltransferases do exist, at sites, however, apparently
      not involved in cell contact and adhesion.

PMID- 6815263
TI  - Electron microscopic localization of specific carbohydrate groups in thin
      sections of tissues embedded in a hydrophilic resin: concanavalin A receptors in
      mouse spleen.
AB  - An improved postembedding method for electron microscopic localization of
      concanavalin A (Con A) receptors in ultrathin sections is reported. Materials are
      embedded in a hydrophilic resin, glycol methacrylate copolymerized with
      glutaraldehyde and urea, using a precisely controlled polymerization schedule
      that preserves ultrastructural integrity. Ferritin-Con A binds specifically in
      ultrathin sections of mouse spleen tissue and of Sephadex beads embedded in this
      resin. Quantitative investigations of procedures for decreasing nonspecific
      labeling demonstrate that preincubation of sections with bovine serum albumin
      reduces background to a very low level. This high-resolution method allows
      macromolecular affinity probes access to receptors in all cellular locations,
      while maintaining good morphological preservation.

PMID- 6815264
TI  - Selective localization of intracellular Ca2+ with potassium antimonate.

PMID- 6815265
TI  - The 100th anniversary of the discovery of Koch's bacillus, the etiologic agent of
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 6815266
TI  - The character of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro in dependence on
      peripheral human blood's components.
AB  - Blood plasma, cell mass, white blood cells (WBC) and erythrocytes were
      investigated for their relation to cord formation of M. tuberculosis, cultivated
      in blood according to Pryce's method. It was found that cord formation was
      related to blood cell and followed the zone of sedimentation of WBC. In lysed
      blood cord formation could be revealed on the whole glass surface, but
      disappeared if the lysed blood was filtered through Seitz filter - evidences
      which were accepted as indications that cord formation was dependent on WBC.
      However, destroying WBC in lysed blood by freezing and thawing or eliminating
      them by centrifugation did not disturb cord formation and addition of WBC to
      simple media did not result in cord formation. It was concluded that cord
      formation was called forth by lysed erythrocytes and this was confirmed through
      adding erythrocytes stromata to simple media, where cord formation appeared. The
      practical value of the technique applied and the eventual role of erythrocyte
      stromata's lipids in cord formation are discussed.

PMID- 6815267
TI  - Regulation of murine macrophage Ia antigen expression by an immune interferon
      like lymphokine: inhibitory effect of endotoxin.
AB  - The initiation of antigen-specific, T-dependent immune responses by macrophages
      requires their expression of Ia antigens. Ia antigen-deficient (Ia-) peritoneal
      exudate or P388D1 cell line macrophages, when incubated for 2 to 3 days with
      partially purified immune interferon (IFN-gamma), expressed Ia antigen, as
      detected by antibody-and-complement-mediated cytotoxicity. This paper reports
      that bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) inhibited both IFN-gamma
      induction of macrophage Ia antigen expression and IFN maintenance of the Ia+
      state in a dose-dependent manner. In the absence of IFN-gamma, LPS had no
      significant effect on macrophage Ia antigen expression. The inhibitory effects of
      LPS were abrogated by the addition of indomethacin into the culture medium.
      Further, 10(-10) to 10(-6) M exogenous prostaglandin E2 or 10(-6) to 10(-4) M
      exogenous dibutryl 3'5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate also inhibited IFN-gamma
      regulation of macrophage Ia antigen expression. The data suggest that LPS
      inhibits IFN-gamma regulation of macrophage Ia antigen expression by stimulating
      macrophage prostaglandin E2 production, and consequently enhancing intracellular
      cAMP levels. The data outline an inhibitory pathway involved in the regulation of
      macrophage Ia antigen expression, and may explain, in part, reported
      immunosuppressive effects of LPS.

PMID- 6815268
TI  - Procedures for the purification of interleukin 3 to homogeneity.
AB  - A procedure is described for the routine purification of IL 3 to homogeneity from
      WEHI-3-conditioned media. The techniques employed include ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and G-75 Sephadex column
      chromatography. The last step in purification involves chromatography on C18
      hydrophobic supports in RP-HPLC systems, which results in the coelution of a
      protein peak and IL 3 activity. This purification sequence results in
      approximately a 1,000,000-fold purification from the initial starting material
      with yields of 5 to 10% of the initial activity. typically, 150 liters of
      conditioned media yields 2 to 10 micrograms of IL 3. The purified material was
      homogeneous by SDS-PAGE analysis and had an apparent m.w. of 28,000. Purified IL
      3 had a specific activity of approximately 0.05 ng/unit of activity. Additional
      criteria used to establish the relationship of the 28,000-dalton protein to IL 3
      include the ability of an antiserum against IL 3 to concomitantly
      immunoprecipitate the iodinated protein and to inhibit its biologic activity as
      well as the ability of the iodinated protein to bind specifically to cell lines
      known to require IL 3 for growth.

PMID- 6815269
TI  - Is the E receptor on human T lymphocytes a "negative signal receptor"?

PMID- 6815270
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies to chicken VH idiotypic determinants reactivity with
      B and T cells.
AB  - We have prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies against idiotypic (Id) determinants
      on chicken antibodies to N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA) and p-aminobenzoic acid
      (PABA) made by inbred line EL 6(3) birds. The monoclonal anti-NAGA Id antibody,
      termed CId-1, reacted with affinity purified antibodies to NAGA, but not with
      antibodies specific for PABA, arsanilic acid (Ars), phosphorylcholine (PC), or
      with normal chicken IgG and IgM. The monoclonal anti-PABA ID antibody, termed CId
      2, reacted with anti-PABA antibodies and to a lesser extent with anti-Ars
      antibodies, but not with anti-NAGA, anti-PC, and normal IgG and IgM. The Id
      determinants were found among antibodies to NAGA and PABA made by outbred and
      inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens. The binding of the CId-1 and CId-2
      antibodies to intact homologous anti-NAGA and anti-PABA antibodies, respectively,
      was not hapten-inhibitable in either case. Both anti-Id antibodies reacted
      specifically with isolated homologous heavy chains, suggesting VH Id
      specificities. The monoclonal CId-1 and CId-2 antibodies were reactive by
      immunofluorescence with approximately 0.9 and 0.2%, respectively, of the
      circulating lymphocytes and with approximately 0.4 and 0.15 of plasma cells. CId
      1+ and CId-2+ bursal cells were first detected on the 16th and 14th days of
      incubation, respectively; both reached maximal frequencies by the 17th day of
      incubation. The CId-2 antibody reacted exclusively with immunoglobulin-positive
      cells. The CId-1 antibody also reacted with a subpopulation (0.4%) of
      immunoglobulin-negative lymphocytes from normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens,
      and thus would appear to recognize an idiotypic determinant expressed by certain
      clones of B and T cells.

PMID- 6815271
TI  - The limited diversity of the mouse gamma-chains anti-GAT repertoire does not seem
      to be noticeably amplified upon class switch.
AB  - NH2-terminal sections of H and L chains isolated from five monoclonal anti-GAT
      antibodies derived from BALB/c mice have been sequenced upon to residue 43. Four
      among these five antibodies, sharing similar public idiotypic determinants,
      possess extremely conserved sequences, both for the H, which is apparented to the
      VH II type, and the L chains, which belong to the V kappa I subgroup. VH
      sequences are identical up to residue 43 and contain the common sequences
      (residues 1 to 32) defined for the H chains derived from the DBA/2 IgM anti-GAT
      monoclonal antibodies. Light chains are also remarkably conserved, a rather
      unusual situation for kappa-chains. The fifth antibody that expresses only part
      of the public idiotypic determinants contains very distinctive H and L chains.
      Its heavy chains are close to the VH I subgroup, whereas its kappa-chains permit
      definition of a new V kappa subgroup. The repertoire appears to be highly
      conserved between BALB/c and DBA/2 mice, and does not seem larger in IgG than in
      IgM antibodies. This latter observation does not speak in favor of a switch
      linked amplification of diversity.

PMID- 6815272
TI  - Haplotype-specific suppression of T cell response to lactate dehydrogenase B in
      (responder x nonresponder)F1 mice.
AB  - Mouse strains that express the Ek (Ek beta E-1k alpha) molecule are nonresponders
      (NR) to the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) in terms of T cell
      proliferation. Nonresponsiveness is caused by T suppressor (Ts) cells recognizing
      LDHB in the context of Ek molecules on the antigen-presenting cells. The data
      presented here demonstrate that the Ek-restricted Ts cells function in (R x NR)F1
      mice in a remarkable haplotype-specific fashion: they selectively interfere with
      the Ak (ANR)-restricted response, and do not affect the response channeled
      through the A molecules of the responder parent. This haplotype-specificity of
      suppression provides an explanation of the dominance of responsiveness in (R x
      NR)F1 mice.

PMID- 6815273
TI  - Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene Ipr: expansion of a unique lymphocyte
      subset.
AB  - Mice carrying the Ipr mutation develop massive lymphoadenopathy and severe
      autoimmune disease. The characteristics of the cell population that proliferates
      in lymphoid tissues were evaluated by the use of a) monoclonal antibodies and
      FMF, and b) molecular genetic studies of Ig heavy chain genes. The lymph node
      cells of different strains of mice homozygous for the Ipr mutation were shown to
      be almost uniformly Thy-1+, Ly-1+, Ly-2-, H-11+, Ly-5+, sIg-, ThB-, 2C2+, I-A-,
      6B2+, and therefore to have surface characteristics of both T and B cells.
      Molecular genetic studies of the arrangements of Ig heavy chain genes showed that
      they were not rearranged as in pre-B and B cells. These results suggest that an
      abnormal proliferating population of T cells in Ipr/Ipr mice aberrantly express B
      cell surface markers.

PMID- 6815274
TI  - Differential expression of Ia glycoprotein complexes in F1 hybrid mice detected
      with alloreactive cloned T cell lines.
AB  - T cell lines alloreactive to Aeb:E alpha Ia antigen complexes have been prepared
      and used to determine the relative amount of Aeb:E alpha expressed by stimulator
      cells in homozygous recombinant and F1 mice expressing these complexes. We find
      that homozygous cells stimulate most strongly and therefore probably express the
      highest density of Aeb:E alpha. Among heterozygotes, H-2bxd F1 mice
      preferentially express Aeb:E alpha d complexes, H-2bxa F1 mice express relatively
      fewer Aeb:E alpha k complexes, and H-2bxu F1 mice express preferentially Aeu:E
      alpha u complexes. This differential association of Aeb chains with E alpha
      chains thus influences the biologic activity of these Ia antigens in this and
      other functional assays. The functional data are supported by biochemical
      analysis of Aeb:E alpha complex expression. These findings suggest that a
      reanalysis of HLA-DR associations with human diseases should be undertaken in
      which both HLA-DR alleles are included, with the prediction that certain
      combinations would show greater susceptibility, whereas others would show less
      susceptibility than predicted from the susceptibility associated with presence of
      a single allele at HLA-DR.

PMID- 6815275
TI  - Evidence that retrovirus expression in mouse spleen cells results from B cell
      differentiation.
AB  - Induction of endogenous retroviral proteins from spleen cells exposed to
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in individual cells in relation to
      polyclonal B cell differentiation. After 4 days of culture with LPS, 30 to 40% of
      cells in many mouse strains stained for cytoplasmic mu heavy chains. A smaller
      number of lymphoid cells stained for cytoplasmic viral proteins, with a
      characteristic proportion for each strain, including 21% of lymphoid cells of AKR
      mice, 125 of DBA/2 cells, 7% of C57BL/6 cells, and 2% of BALB/c cells. More than
      75% of retrovirus-positive cells were also mu-chain-positive in all strains.
      Cells from young (3- to 8-week-old) and old (43- to 46-week-old) mice of several
      strains showed similar proportions of retrovirus-positive cells typical for each
      strain, without differences at different ages. The induction of retrovirus
      proteins, as well as mu-chains, by LPS was markedly inhibited by goat anti-mu
      chain antibody added to the culture medium (10 to 100 micrograms/ml). These data
      suggest that retrovirus induction may result from B cell differentiation.

PMID- 6815276
TI  - Immunochemical determination of Forssman and blood group A-active glycolipids in
      human gastric mucosa by inhibition assay of liposome lysis.
AB  - A simple liposome immunoassay, liposome immune-lysis inhibition (LILI) assay, is
      described for quantitative determination of individual glycolipid antigens.
      Liposomes containing fluorogenic marker, 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, were
      prepared from sphingomyelin, cholesterol, dicetylphosphate and standard
      glycolipid. Release of trapped markers from these liposomes by antibody and
      complement (liposome lysis) was inhibited by preincubating the antibody with test
      glycolipid incorporated into inhibitor liposomes. Based on the competitive
      inhibition, it was possible to quantitate each glycolipid antigen in less than
      picomolar amounts. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were examined
      with purified glycolipid standards. LILI assay has been applied for the
      determination of Forssman glycolipid and blood group A-active glycolipid in human
      gastric mucosa and cancer tissues.

PMID- 6815277
TI  - Cell sorting using a universally applicable affinity chromatography matrix: solid
      phase anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibody.
AB  - Procedures are described for fractionating cells utilizing a universally
      applicable cellular affinity chromatography matrix. The affinity matrix consists
      of immunoabsorption purified goat anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibody
      coupled to large derivatized polyacrylamide beads. This matrix may, in principle,
      be used to isolate any cell subpopulation provided it has a fluorescein-labeled
      ligand on its surface. In this report the matrix was used to isolate viable
      purified fractions of mouse surface Ig-positive cells, Lyt1 cells, and mouse
      lymphocytes that bind the lectin soybean agglutinin. A preliminary experiment
      using the anti-FITC beads suggested that this technique can provide a fraction of
      cells enriched in antigen binding cells. Cell populations isolated by this
      technique retain their ability to respond to in vitro mitogen stimulation, as
      well as their ability to be maintained in cell culture following fractionation.
      Additional experiments using a column consisting of goat anti-rabbit Ig antibody
      coupled to the same support material are also reported.

PMID- 6815278
TI  - A bactericidal microassay for testing serum sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - A reproducible gonococcal serum bactericidal microassay is described which has
      easily determined endpoints and lends itself to large scale tests. The microassay
      may be used to assess sensitivity to normal human serum among strains of
      gonococci, and to define the antigens conferring this sensitivity. It may be
      readily adapted to test for bactericidal activity in hyperimmune antisera and to
      evaluate antigens which inhibit serum bactericidal activity.

PMID- 6815279
TI  - Non-proteic immunogenic impurity in proteins purified by preparative
      electrophoresis on Pevikon.
AB  - Purified IgA proteins, obtained by zonal electrophoresis on blocks of Pevikon,
      contained an uncharged, non-proteic, water-soluble macromolecular impurity. The
      contaminant, which precipitates in half-saturated ammonium sulfate, could be an
      unknown derivative of polyvinyl alcohol. It was discovered because it induced the
      synthesis of specific precipitating antibodies in a rabbit used for antibody
      production against the electrophoresed protein, generating spurious precipitin
      reactions during its immunochemical analysis. Thorough washing of the Pevikon
      will substantially reduce the amount of impurity and the danger of obtaining
      precipitating antibodies against it after injection into animals.

PMID- 6815280
TI  - Histopathology of aflatoxicosis in the marine shrimp Penaeus stylirostris and P.
      vannamei.

PMID- 6815281
TI  - A prospective microbiologic study of bacteriuria in patients with chronic
      indwelling urethral catheters.
AB  - Bacteriuria is common in chronically catheterized patients and is associated with
      both acute and chronic complications. Of 605 consecutive weekly urine specimens
      from 20 chronically catheterized patients, 98% contained bacteria at high
      concentrations and 77% were polymicrobial. The mean interval between new episodes
      of bacteriuria was 1.8 weeks. Most species of bacteria caused five to seven new
      episodes of bacteriuria per 100 weeks of catheterization. Even though access to
      the catheter lumen was similar, the duration of bacteriuric episodes varied
      greatly by species. Of the episodes of bacteriuria caused by nonenterococcal gram
      positive cocci, greater than 75% lasted less than one week. Mean durations of
      episodes of bacteriuria due to Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were four to six weeks, whereas those due to Providencia
      stuartii averaged 10 weeks and ranged up to 36 weeks. Thus, the very high
      prevalence of bacteriuria--virtually 100%--was a result of a high incidence
      caused by many different species combined with the prolonged residence of some
      gram-negative bacilli in the catheter and urinary tract.

PMID- 6815282
TI  - Doxycycline propylaxis for human scrub typhus.
AB  - The use of doxycycline, as a prophylactic antibiotic against scrub typhus was
      investigated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Twenty volunteers
      were divided into two similar groups. Beginning three days before exposure to
      Leptotrombidium fletcheri chiggers infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and
      continuing for six weeks after exposure, one group received weekly 200-mg oral
      doses of doxycycline and the other group received a placebo. Nine of 10
      doxycycline-treated subjects remained well during prophylaxis but developed
      antibody to scrub typhus, whereas nine of 10 subjects given the placebo required
      treatment for scrub typhus. Therefore, the efficacy of the regimen in preventing
      scrub typhus was 89% (eight cases prevented of nine expected). Ten days after
      successfully completing prophylaxis, eight of nine subjects reported minor self
      limiting symptoms. A single dose of doxycycline was given on day 3 of illness to
      volunteers who developed scrub typhus. Such therapy was initially effective but
      was frequently followed by relapse and cannot be recommended.

PMID- 6815283
TI  - Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the United States, 1980.

PMID- 6815284
TI  - Evidence for the identity of murine gamma interferon and macrophage activating
      factor.
AB  - Macrophages activating factor (MAF) in mouse lymphokine preparations was
      quantitated using a tumor cell cytotoxicity assay. MAF activity was compared with
      gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) activity, and the lymphokine mixture subjected to a
      variety of protein fractionation procedures. No significant difference in the
      ratio of MAF activity to IFN activity was observed following any of the
      fractionation steps, even after MAF had been purified to a specific activity of 1
      X 10(6) u/mg protein. Gel permeation using high pressure liquid chromatography
      showed a coincident peak of MAF and IFN activity at approximately 55 kD. Both
      activities were reduced at similar rates following heating at 56 degrees C or
      incubation at 4 degrees C in pH 2 buffer. Finally, induction of lymphokines using
      different inducers (mitogens or antigens) or cell populations always resulted in
      similar ratios of MAF activity to IFN activity. These results support the
      hypothesis that MAF and IFN-gamma are identical proteins.

PMID- 6815285
TI  - Mechanism of interferon action: ability of cloned human type-alpha interferons to
      induce protein phosphorylation and inhibit virus replication is specified by the
      host cell rather than the interferon subspecies.

PMID- 6815286
TI  - [Metabolism and functions of prostaglandin D2 in the brain and blood platelets].

PMID- 6815287
TI  - The influence of immune response genes on the expression of disease.

PMID- 6815288
TI  - An altered response by peripheral leukocytes to synthesize or release leukocyte
      endogenous mediator in critically ill, protein-malnourished patients.
AB  - LEM derived from fixed and circulating macrophages is involved in certain aspects
      of the metabolic response to infection. A reduction in the synthesis or release
      of LEM from leukocytes of nonstressed, protein-malnourished patients has been
      demonstrated. In this study, blood leukocytes from 15 protein-malnourished
      patients (serum albumin less than 2.5 gm/dl) who were critically ill were assayed
      for their in vitro capacity to produce LEM. Samples were taken before (day 0) and
      3 or 7 days after the institution of parenteral nutrition. Hospitalized patients
      were judged capable of producing LEM (responders) if the percentage of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the blood of the rats injected with their LEM was
      greater than 52% ( the minimum value obtained when LEM from 10 human volunteers
      was injected into the rats). With this criterion, eight patients were responders
      and only one died during their hospital stay, whereas five of seven nonresponders
      expired (p less than 0.05). On day 0, prior to intravenous nutritional support,
      there was no difference in the capacity to produce LEM between responding and
      nonresponding patients. However, those patients whose leukocytes were capable of
      responding received significantly greater quantities of dietary protein and
      calories over the 7-day study period than nonresponders (p less than 0.05). There
      was a correlation between the polymorphonuclear leukocyte response to LEM in rats
      and the patients' dietary protein intake (r = 0.719, p less than 0.005). these
      findings suggest that an appreciable fraction of severely ill, protein
      malnourished patients have a reduced capacity to synthesize LEM, as judged by
      bioassay and an increased risk of mortality. The in vitro capacity to produce LEM
      in a critically ill population appears to be associated with the dietary intake
      of the patient.

PMID- 6815289
TI  - Rapid reactions of platelets studied by a quenched-flow approach: aggregation
      kinetics.
AB  - Understanding the nature and regulation of very early events in the platelet
      activation sequence is an important goal. A general approach based on quenched
      flow principles has therefore been developed. Platelet reactions are initiated by
      mixing inducing agent with whole blood, PRP, or washed platelets and pumping the
      mixture through narrow-bore tubing with quenching (stopping the reaction) at the
      outlet. Reaction times less than 1 sec are feasible. The quenched-flow system has
      been combined with a continuous-flow modification of resistive-particle counters
      to follow aggregation kinetics of "single" particles. Aggregation at 37 degrees
      is extremely rapid: after a lag period of about 1 sec, between 20% and 50% of
      platelets then aggregate per second (10 micro M ADP). Although the kinetics are
      second order, data can be expressed as the percent of "single" platelets
      aggregating per second and treated as pseudo-first order. This enables derivation
      of apparent maximal velocities of aggregation and inducer activation constants,
      for characterizing platelet reactivity.

PMID- 6815290
TI  - Characterization of zinc-binding proteins of plasma in familial hyperzincemia.
AB  - Plasmas from three brothers (aged 35 to 45) with chronic hyperzincemia (325 to
      525 micrograms/dl Zn) were analyzed and compared with pooled control plasma (104
      microgram/dl Zn). The levels of copper, iron, total protein, albumin, and amino
      acids were similar in normal and hyperzincemic plasmas. Distribution of zinc
      among plasma components was determined chromatographically. Zinc eluted
      quantitatively in two distinct peaks from Sephadex G-100 gel filtration resin.
      The amount of the metal in fractions containing species larger than 100,000
      molecular weight (peak I) was similar (35 to 45 micrograms/dl Zn) in normal and
      hyperzincemic plasmas. The additional complement of zinc in hyperzincemic plasma
      was localized within fractions containing zinc-binding proteins such as albumin,
      transferrin and HRG. That zinc was not associated with transferrin was determined
      by Affi-Gel affinity chromatography. The amounts of HRG in hyperzincemic plasmas
      were similar to or below those in control plasma. Zinc and albumin were
      selectively retained by anti-human albumin IgG coupled to protein A-Sepharose. In
      contrast, anti-human HRG IgG coupled to CM Bio-Gel A failed to bind plasma zinc.
      The findings indicate that (1) most available, protein-associated zinc in normal
      plasma is bound to albumin and (2) the additional complement of zinc in familial
      hyperzincemic plasma is associated with albumin. The biochemical basis for the
      enhanced binding of zinc by albumin in hyperzincemic plasma is unknown.

PMID- 6815291
TI  - [Contact (prekallikrein) and fibrinolytic (plasminogen/antiplasmin value) system
      in the physiopathology of vascular complications of diabetes].
AB  - Both micro and macro-angiopathy involve interaction of blood vessel and plasma
      factors which may be altered in diabetes. Little is known concerning changes in
      contact and fibrinolysis factors as prekallikrein, plasminogen and fast
      antiplasmin in diabetes. We tested also the plasminogen/antiplasmin ratio in 151
      diabetics and 64 normal subjects (18 to 74 years old). Our conclusion is:--the
      absence of correlation between the clinical characteristic of diabetes and
      prekallikrein level,--the decrease of plasminogen/antiplasmin ratio in
      complicated diabetes,--in complicated diabetes, correlation between antithrombin
      III, VIII factor and fibrinogen levels, perhaps, in relation with inflammation
      signs.

PMID- 6815292
TI  - Tuberculous laryngitis in childhood.

PMID- 6815293
TI  - Furosemide and mannitol - induced changes in intracranial pressure during the
      removal of intracranial tumours.

PMID- 6815294
TI  - Bacterial infiltration of dentin as influenced by proprietary chelating agents.

PMID- 6815295
TI  - Bacteriological survey of tuberculous lymphadenitis in South-east England: 1973
      80.
AB  - During the eight years 1973-80 the Public Health Laboratory Service Regional
      Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology received cultures of mycobacteria from 2339
      patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. Of these, 2272 were M tuberculosis (2207
      human and 65 bovine strains) and 67 were other mycobacterial species, usually M
      avium and its intracellulare variant. Disease due to the human strains of M
      tuberculosis occurred most often in young women of Asian ethnic origin. Many
      bovine strains isolated from Asian patients differ from the classical bovine type
      in being sensitive to pyrazinamide: the origin of these strains, whether from
      other people or from cattle, is unknown. Lymphadenitis due to bovine strains
      tended to occur in an older age group than the human strains and probably include
      relatively more cases of reactivation diseases. Infection caused by the other
      mycobacterial species occurred mainly in young children of European origin.
      Tuberculosis, therefore, remains an important cause of lymphadenopathy in
      Britain.

PMID- 6815297
TI  - Analysis of the intermediate size proteoglycans from the developing chick limb
      buds.
AB  - Limb-bud proteoglycans are heterogeneous molecules which vary in their chemical
      and physical properties with development. This report describes proteoglycan
      intermediates (PG-I) that predominate in stage-34 limbs, and compares them with
      proteoglycan aggregates (PG-A) in stage-38 limbs. We analysed proteoglycans and
      their components extracted with guanidinium chloride by subjecting them to
      density gradient centrifugation, molecular sieve chromatography, electrophoretic
      separation, and selective enzymatic degradation. PG-I and PG-A have similar
      chondroitin sulphate composition, amino sugars, chondroitin sulphate side-chain
      length, glycoprotein link factors, and hyaluronic acid binding capacity, and both
      cross react with antisera prepared against cartilage-specific chick sternal
      proteoglycans. However, PG-I has lower molecular weight, lower buoyant density,
      and fewer chondroitin sulphate side chains on the protein core. The PG-I in the
      developing limb can be considered a mixture of smaller aggregates and cartilage
      specific large monomers in which the former predominate.

PMID- 6815298
TI  - [Determination of the catalytic activity of lipase with trilinolein as
      substrate].
AB  - The applicability of the two point test reported by Proelss & Wright ((1977)
      Clin. Chem. 23, 522-531) for the determination of lipase was investigated. The
      substrate, trilinolein, is indeed cleaved by pancreatic lipase without
      interference from liver esterase or cholinesterase; on the other hand, the
      reported colour reaction gives nonreproducible results. Furthermore, the
      continuous UV-test showed a lag phase, the duration of which depends on the added
      catalytic activity. For these reasons the method of Proelss & Wright for the
      determination of lipase in serum does not give diagnostically useful results.

PMID- 6815296
TI  - Measuring the benefits of screening for open neural tube defects.
AB  - Evaluation of the costs and benefits of public sector programmes is necessary to
      plan the optimum uses for society's resources. Here the benefits of screening for
      open neural tube defects are examined, and the most appropriate methodological
      approach to their valuation is discussed in the context of the possible provision
      by the National Health Service of a routine prenatal screening programme. It is
      argued that, in measuring the benefits of screening, previous evaluations have
      adopted an approach that is rather unsatisfactory from the standpoint of economic
      methodology. An attempt is therefore made here to show the effect that adopting a
      more appropriate approach would have on the estimated value of the benefit of
      routine screening. The effect is found to be a substantial increase in its
      estimated value.

PMID- 6815299
TI  - The influence of a 100 km run on the composition of HDL.
AB  - In 26 male patients in a 100 km run, concentrations of the HDL constituents
      cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin were
      determined before and immediately after the run. Before running, the values for
      HDL cholesterol were higher in the participants than in a control population.
      However, the HDL sphingomyelin, HDL phosphatidyl choline and HDL apolipoprotein A
      I values for the participants did not differ from the values in a control
      population. After the 100 km run only the HDL cholesterol values were increased
      whereas the other HDL constituents were not affected by the run. It is concluded,
      that the single exposure to prolonged heavy exercise produces a change in HDL
      composition which is characterized by an exclusive increase in the cholesterol
      content of the HDL.

PMID- 6815300
TI  - Chronic hepatitis after overt acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in
      Taiwan.

PMID- 6815301
TI  - Rapid qualitative and quantitative determinations of urinary amino acids by thin
      layer and high performance liquid chromatography with dabsyl chloride.

PMID- 6815302
TI  - Isolation of a bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus from Thirlmere reservoir.
AB  - A novel bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus has been isolated from water
      processed from Thirlmere reservoir. The virus is icosahedral, 58 nm in diam., has
      a buoyant density of 1.32 g/ml in CsCl, has an S value of 400 and a RNA/protein
      ratio of 0.087. The two linear segments of RNA have approx. mol. wt. of 2.26 X
      10(6) and 2.09 X 10(6). The virus contains six polypeptides. The virus was
      isolated in Drosophila melanogaster cells and fails to replicate in other insect,
      amphibian, avian, piscine, mammalian and plant cells tested. The virus is
      biochemically different from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and
      Drosophila X virus (DXV). The virus is also serologically unrelated to IPNV
      (strain Sp) and another invertebrate pathogenic virus, Tellina virus 1. The virus
      shares common antigens with DXV but is not completely identical.

PMID- 6815304
TI  - Myelin lipids in the developing cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem of normal
      and undernourished children.
AB  - The developmental lipid profiles in the human cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem
      are presented, with special reference to galactolipids as myelin markers to trace
      myelination in the three main parts of the human CNS. A group of undernourished
      children were also studied to test the vulnerability of myelinogenesis in the
      different regions of the human brain. Myelination was well advanced in the brain
      stem with regard to the other brain regions, a fact reflected in the much higher
      concentration of myelin lipids in the brain stem of the human foetus of 26 weeks
      of gestational age. The cerebrum, on the other hand, had the lowest galactolipid
      concentration during the prenatal period, galactolipid levels in the cerebellum
      being four times higher. From just before the end of gestation the accretion of
      galactolipids accelerated enormously in the cerebrum, whereas it slowed down
      considerably in the cerebellum. Consequently, in relation to prenatal levels
      galactolipids increased most rapidly in the cerebrum, followed by the cerebellum
      and finally by the brain stem. These regional differences were in clear contrast
      to data from the rat, as was the finding that only the cerebrum of undernourished
      children had a galactolipid concentration significantly decreased with respect to
      normal values. A relationship between the different myelination patterns in the
      human and the rat and the distinct vulnerability of myelinogenesis in the two
      species is suggested.

PMID- 6815303
TI  - Composition and metabolism of gangliosides in rat peripheral nervous system
      during development.

PMID- 6815305
TI  - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone analogues increase dopamine release from slices of
      rat brain.
AB  - Rat brain slices were incubated with a high concentration of K+, thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH), or one of two biologically stable TRH analogues (CG 3509
      or RX 77368). Basal release of endogenous dopamine, measured by electrochemical
      detection, was increased by K+ (30 mM) from slices of hypothalamus, septum,
      nucleus accumbens, and striatum. CG 3509 (10-(5) -10-(3) M) increased the release
      of dopamine from slices of nucleus accumbens, septum, and hypothalamus in a dose
      dependent fashion, whereas RX 77368 (10-(4) M) increased the release of dopamine
      from the septum only. Neither analogue increased the release of striatal
      dopamine. The results provide further evidence for specific regional interactions
      between TRH and dopamine in rat brain.

PMID- 6815307
TI  - Decreased A23187-induced chemiluminescence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
      granulocytes.
AB  - A number of recent reports suggest that intracellular calcium concentration is
      increased in skeletal muscle in duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Leucocyte
      chemiluminescent responses are dependent on calcium ions and can be induced by
      the calcium ionophore A23187. Chemiluminescence may therefore reflect
      intracellular calcium levels. In order to determine whether non-muscle cells in
      DMD share the calcium abnormality, we have examined A23187-induced
      chemiluminescence in DMD leucocytes. Peak calcium dependent chemiluminescence
      occurred at 0.25-0.75 mM added calcium chloride. Peak chemiluminescent responses
      in the 13-paired samples were reduced in DMD leucocytes (P less than 0.01) using
      a paired t-test. These result suggest that there is an abnormality of calcium
      dependent A23187-induced chemiluminescence in DMD leucocytes and that there may
      be a generalised abnormality of calcium metabolism in DMD.

PMID- 6815306
TI  - Controlled study of metoprolol and propranolol during prolonged administration in
      patients with essential tremor.
AB  - The efficacy of propranolol and metoprolol in the treatment of essential tremor
      was compared in a double blind crossover placebo-controlled study in 16 patients.
      Each treatment was given for a period of 4 weeks at two different dosage regimens
      (150 and 300 mg daily for metoprolol, 120 and 240 mg daily for propranolol). Each
      dosage regimen lasted for 2 weeks. Tremor assessment was carried out by
      accelerometry, clinical evaluation, patient's self-rating and a battery of
      performance tests. At the lower dosage, propranolol was found to be superior to
      placebo on the basis of performance tests and patient's self-assessment. At the
      higher dosage, propranolol was superior to placebo on all methods of assessment.
      By contrast, the tremorolytic effect of metoprolol was not significantly
      different from that of placebo, irrespective of the dosage or of the method of
      assessment used. Propranolol (120 mg daily) was better than metoprolol (150 mg
      daily) on the basis of clinical evaluation and patient's self-assessment.
      Propranolol (240 mg daily) was superior to metoprolol (300 mg daily) on the basis
      of patient's self-assessment. Both drugs antagonised standing tachycardia to a
      similar extent. These results indicate that the effectiveness of metoprolol,
      previously demonstrated in a single-dose study in the same patients, is not fully
      maintained during prolonged administration. In the absence of specific
      contraindications, propranolol represents a better choice in the treatment of
      patients with essential tremor.

PMID- 6815308
TI  - Distribution of calcium-activated protease activity and endogenous substrates in
      the squid nervous system.
AB  - Calcium-activated protease (CAP) activity was studied in various neural tissues
      of the squid using endogenous (neurofilament protein) and exogenous ([14C]casein)
      substrate assays. Both assays demonstrated a significant CAP activity in
      perikarya from stellate ganglia, in axoplasm extruded from the giant axon, and in
      squid retinal fibers. The endogenous protein substrates in the perikarya and
      axons were 60,000 and 200,000 daltons, respectively. The Km for the CAP
      degradation of [14C] casein in axoplasm was about 2 x10-6 m. In contrast, both
      assays detected no CAP activity nor endogenous substrate in nerve terminals
      (synaptosomes from squid optic lobe). The absence of both CAP activity and
      endogenous substrate in nerve endings suggests that the axonal neurofilaments are
      degraded by CAP at the axon-nerve ending junction, followed by an
      autoinactivation of the CAP. Consistent with this hypothesis is that exposure of
      axoplasmic CAP to calcium leads to a rapid degradation of axonal neurofilament
      protein (t 1/2 less than 2 min) and a slower inactivation of the CAP (t 1/2 = 90
      min). Axonal CAP requires a relatively high concentration of CA2+ sensitivity
      form of CAP found in other tissues.

PMID- 6815309
TI  - A preferential loss of GABAergic, symmetric synapses in epileptic foci: a
      quantitative ultrastructural analysis of monkey neocortex.

PMID- 6815310
TI  - Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children with rare coagulation disorders.

PMID- 6815311
TI  - Primary and secondary ocular tumors in children.

PMID- 6815312
TI  - Aspects of neuroradiological investigation in childhood orbital tumors.

PMID- 6815314
TI  - Anterior optic pathways gliomas. The dilemma of treatment.
AB  - Anterior optic pathways gliomas are classifiable histologically and clinically
      with other pilocytic gliomas of the midline (of hypothalamus and brainstem),
      especially of childhood. The very slow course, sometimes imperceptible over the
      years, that characterizes the majority of them should not be taken to mean lack
      of growth. Tumultuous courses and acute episodic deteriorations are both
      possible. Hence the need for therapy. Indefinite abstention cannot be upheld, at
      least in the great majority of cases. In gliomas of a nerve only the object of
      surgery is usually removal, using the intraorbital, intracanalicular and
      intracranial approaches, but in gliomas of the chiasm or chiasm-hypothalamus the
      object is more exploratory and decompressive. Radiotherapy is generally accepted
      as affective only in the latter cases. No single standard protocol is possible:
      treatment had to be individualized case by case.

PMID- 6815315
TI  - Oral leiomyoma. Report of six cases and a review of the literature.

PMID- 6815316
TI  - Calcification patterns of rat condylar cartilage after induced unilateral
      malocclusion.
AB  - Occlusal interferences on right upper molars in rats produced ultrastructural
      changes in the calcification of ipsilateral condylar cartilage. This was
      characterized by premature appearance of apatite crystals within extracellular
      matrix vesicles present in the proliferative cell zone. The normal proliferative
      cell zone in the rat condyle manifested noncalcifying vesicles. The zone of
      calcification in rats with an occlusal splint revealed longitudinal calcifying
      fronts in the vicinity of the chondrocytes. These fronts were composed of
      haphazardly distributed apatite crystals. These ultrastructural alterations
      support the generally accepted view that mechanical stimuli induce changes in the
      process of primary mineralization.

PMID- 6815313
TI  - Intraorbital expanding lesions in infancy. Neurosurgical treatment.

PMID- 6815317
TI  - A clinical, histomorphological and histochemical study on snuff-induced lesions
      of varying severity.
AB  - The oral lesions in 50 habitual snuff-dippers were graded on a four-point scale.
      The patients' tobacco and drinking habits were studied by means of a
      questionnaire. From each patient a biopsy was taken for histomorphological and
      histochemical analysis. A correlation between snuff habits and the clinical
      degrees was found, as well as between the snuff habits and certain superficial
      and deeply located cell changes. The incidence of keratinized lesions,
      sialadenitis and slight dysplasia (based on subjective evaluation under a light
      microscope) was higher than previously reported. Presence of dysplastic changes
      could not be predicted by means of the parameters which characterise the snuff
      habit or from the clinical grade. The histomorphological and histochemical
      results were interpreted as showing that the mucosa react to snuff inducing
      hyperplasia in the basal cell layers. In the surface layer indications of lethal
      damage were found. The overall stromal reaction to snuff was weak. However, the
      salivary glands and excretory ducts exhibited degenerative changes which were
      found to be more severe than the pathological changes in the surface epithelium.

PMID- 6815318
TI  - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors: a clinicopathologic study of nine
      cases.
AB  - Nine cases of CEOT are reported. There are seven intra-osseous and two
      extraosseous tumors. All but one occurred in the mandible. The age range was 20
      to 64 years; averaging 34.2 years. There were 7 females and 2 males.
      Radiographically, they appeared either as monocystic or polycystic translucent
      lesions with radiopaque spots or masses. Embedded teeth were seen in six cases.
      Microscopically, four different patterns are described. No recurrence has been
      found postoperatively within 2-14 years of follow-up study. The nature of the
      reddish homogeneous material, the histogenesis of the tumor and the treatment are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 6815319
TI  - Modern management of cases with premature rupture of membranes.

PMID- 6815320
TI  - Root surface demineralization in periodontal therapy: subject review.

PMID- 6815321
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on the cardiocirculatory response to exercise in conscious
      rat.

PMID- 6815322
TI  - Osmotic water flow across the abdominal skin of the toad bufo marinus: effect of
      vasopressin and isoprenaline.
AB  - 1. Net water flow J(w), was measured across the abdominal skin of the toad Bufo
      marinus with a volumetric, automatic technique that allows for averaging J(w)
      over time intervals as short as 1 sec.2. Basal J(w) was very stable and
      corresponded to a coefficient of osmotic flow, L(PD), of ca. 15 x 10(-7) cm sec(
      1) atm(-1) (or to an osmotic water permeability coefficient, P(f), of 20 mum sec(
      1)).3. Both vasopressin and the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline, triggered
      high hydrosmotic responses that could lead to P(f) values exceeding 250 mum sec(
      1). The effect of isoprenaline was very reproducible while that of vasopressin
      varied considerably.4. Methohexital and propranolol selectively inhibited the
      hydrosmotic effects of vasopressin and isoprenaline, respectively, whereas
      amiloride and ouabain had no effect.5. Mutual inhibition was found between
      vasopressin and isoprenaline in skins very sensitive to vasopressin. In less
      sensitive skins isoprenaline further increased J(w) despite exposure of the
      epithelia to supramaximal concentrations of vasopressin.6. Differential
      reactivity to vasopressin was found between the skin and the bladder taken from
      the same toad. In some instances, the bladder responded normally to vasopressin
      while the skin was totally unresponsive, suggesting the presence of
      osmoregulatory mechanisms exerting a local modulation of the vasopressin action
      in different target epithelia of the same animal.

PMID- 6815323
TI  - The ph oscillations in arterial blood during exercise; a potential signal for the
      ventilatory response in the dog.
AB  - 1. The effect of electrically induced ;exercise' on the respiratory oscillation
      of arterial pH was studied in chloralose-anaesthetized dogs with spinal cord
      transection at T8/9 (dermatome level T6/7).2. Respiratory oscillations of
      arterial pH (presumed to be due to oscillations of arterial P(CO2)) were sensed
      with a fast-responding electrode in one carotid artery. Breath-by-breath
      estimates of the maximum rate of change of pH of the downstroke of the pH
      oscillation (dpH/dt downward arrowmax) were obtained by differentiating the pH
      signal.3. Consistent with the findings of the previous paper (Cross et al. 1982),
      the ventilatory response to exercise could not be explained on the basis of
      sensitivity to CO(2); the Delta V(I)/DeltaP(a, CO2) was significantly greater for
      ;exercise' than for CO(2) inhalation.4. On average, the amplitude of the pH
      oscillations decreased during ;exercise'. The change in the phase relationship
      (varphi) between respiratory and pH cycles, although significant from the second
      breath onwards, was not thought to be responsible for the increased ventilation
      V(I); the direction of the change was opposite to that previously found to
      increase V(I).5. Inspiratory duration (t(i)), expiratory duration (t(e)), V(I)
      and the dpH/dt downward arrowmax changed significantly by the third breath of
      ;exercise'. A significantly linear relationship was obtained between t(e) and
      dpH/dt downward arrowmax during the on-transient (first ten breaths) of
      ;exercise'. This relationship was maintained throughout ;exercise'. V(I) and
      dpH/dt downward arrowmax were also linearly related during the on-transient,
      although the same relationship did not hold true throughout ;exercise'.6. The
      dpH/dt downward arrowmax was related to CO(2) production ( V(CO2)) lending
      support to the prediction that the slope of the downstroke of the pH oscillation
      is a function of V(CO2).7. It was concluded that the dpH/dt downward arrowmax
      (dpCO(2)/dt upward arrowmax) is a potential humoral signal in ;exercise' and
      could account totally for the shortening of t(e). Since there was a late rise in
      V(I) (due to an increase in tidal volume V(T)) in the absence of a change in
      dpH/dt downward arrowmax, it was considered unlikely that the dpH/dt downward
      arrowmax was the only humoral signal present during ;exercise'.

PMID- 6815325
TI  - Effect of N,N'-diethyl-1,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines on
      the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat.
AB  - The syntheses and estrogen receptor affinities of meso- and (+/-)-N,N'-dialkyl
      1,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxypheny)ethylenediamines (2) are described. They show
      high binding affinities in both diastereomeric forms but with a preference for
      the meso isomer, reaching a RBA value of 8.6 (meso-2b; 17 beta-estradiol = 100).
      Both stereoisomers of 2b exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on the 7,12
      dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) induced hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma
      of the Sprague-Dawley rat, reducing the tumor area by 74 (meso-2b) and 24% [(+/-)
      2b], respectively, after 4 weeks administration of 6 x 6 (mg/kg)/week. The high
      uterotrophic potency makes a mode of action likely which corresponds to the
      effect of high doses of estrogens.

PMID- 6815324
TI  - Fatal spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage caused by von Recklinghausen's
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6815326
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for hallucinogenic N,N-dialkyltryptamines:
      photoelectron spectra and serotonin receptor affinities of methylthio and
      methylenedioxy derivatives.
AB  - Serotonin receptor affinity and photelectron spectral data were obtained on a
      number of substituted N,N-dimethyltryptamines. Evidence is presented that
      electron-donating substituents in the 5-position lead to enhanced behavioral
      disruption activity and serotonin receptor affinity as compared to unsubstituted
      N,N-dimethyltryptamine and analogues substituted in the 4- or 6-position. Some
      correlation was found between ionization potentials and behavioral activity,
      which may have implications concerning the mechanism of receptor binding.

PMID- 6815327
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyvalent gonococcal antigen.
AB  - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a mixture of eight
      different gonococcal outer-membrane proteins (OMP) as coating antigen was
      evaluated for detection of gonococcal antibody in 507 sera obtained from patients
      selected from high-risk and low-risk populations. The indirect ELISA method was
      more specific and sensitive when the polyvalent antigen was used than when OMP
      from only one serotype was used. Past episodes of the gonorrhoea had a
      significant influence on the seropositivity of the test. In a selected low-risk
      population the specificity of the assay was 94% and in a selected high-risk
      population the sensitivity was 78%. When sera from 24 asymptomatic individuals
      were tested the sensitivity was 83%. The ELISA polyvalent-antigen test should be
      useful as an aid for the detection of gonorrhoea in populations with a low
      prevalence.

PMID- 6815328
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of partially purified Escherichia coli alpha haemolysin.
AB  - Alpha haemolysin, produced by Escherichia coli, grown in a chemically defined
      medium, was purified 19-fold and the endotoxin content reduced 2176-fold by
      ultrafiltration and glycerol-gradient ultracentrifugation. Immunodiffusion of
      purified alpha haemolysin (PH) against antiserum to crude haemolysin (CH)
      revealed only one precipitation line. PH was cytotoxic in nanogram amounts for
      mouse-fibroblast 3T3 cells, and the cytotoxicity exhibited proportional dose
      response and time-course kinetics. The cytotoxic and haemolytic activities of PH
      were neutralised by immunoglobulins to CH. A mutant, produced by treating the
      haemolytic wild type with mitomycin C, possessed all of the biochemical
      characteristics of the wild type with the exception that the extracellular
      products of the mutant were non-haemolytic and non-cytotoxic.

PMID- 6815329
TI  - Sensitivity of thermophilic campylobacters to R-type pyocines of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - Strains of thermophilic campylobacters of human origin were examined for
      bacteriocine activity and for susceptibility to R-type pyocines of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. None of 50 strains inhibited the growth of any other strain, but 13
      of 80 strains (16%) were sensitive to R-type pyocines. Absorption of one of the
      partially purified pyocine preparations with a sensitive strain resulted in the
      removal of pyocine activity and a decrease in viable count of the organism by
      85%.

PMID- 6815331
TI  - Microheterogeneity of avian and mammalian vinculin distinctive subcellular
      distribution of different isovinculins.

PMID- 6815332
TI  - Linkage between carbon dioxide binding and four-step oxygen binding to
      hemoglobin.

PMID- 6815330
TI  - The distribution of sodium and potassium in toad (Bufo bufo) oocytes estimated by
      a stereological method.
AB  - As the toad oocyte grows, the intracellular Na concentration rises and the K
      concentration falls. By stereological analysis using a point counting method in a
      projection apparatus, it is shown that as the oocyte grows the volume density of
      the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria falls, while that of the yolk
      platelets and cytoplasmic vesicles rises. A multiple regression analysis applied
      to the sodium and potassium concentrations and to the volume densities of the
      subcellular components indicates that sodium is most concentrated in cytoplasmic
      vesicles while potassium is most concentrated in a component composed of the cell
      cytoplasmic ground substance, the mitochondria and the cell nucleus.

PMID- 6815333
TI  - Production and subsequent second-order decomposition of protein disulfide anions
      lengthy collisions between proteins.

PMID- 6815334
TI  - The effect of primary products of lipid peroxidation on the transmembrane
      transport of calcium ions.

PMID- 6815335
TI  - Lung function and morphology of dogs after sublethal exposure to nitrogen
      dioxide.
AB  - The relationship between respiratory function and morphological changes in 10
      dogs exposed for 6 h to 69 ppm nitrogen dioxide was studied. Two additional dogs
      served as controls. Functional assessments included breathing pattern, breathing
      mechanics, forced expiration, gas exchange, and acid-base status. Gross,
      microscopic, and ultrastructural evaluations were made of lung tissues from dogs
      killed at 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 7.0 and 14.0 d after exposure. Functional changes
      were similar to those reported for man. The principal dysfunction was gas
      exchange impairment, apparently resulting from foam in the airways. Breathing
      pattern alterations appeared to result from stimulation of neural receptors. Gas
      exchange measurements provided the most useful indicators of the pulmonary damage
      observed in this study.

PMID- 6815337
TI  - Effects of enteral and parenteral feeding of malnourished rats on body
      composition.
AB  - Many studies have reported similar weight gains and nitrogen balance in groups of
      well-nourished animals fed either orally or intravenously, but none have
      investigated the effects on malnourished animals. After protein depleting for 14
      days, rats were refed with a D25-4.25% amino acid solution orally ad lib, by
      gastrostomy, or intravenously. IV animals gained more weight with greater body
      fat formation than either enteral group but had lower intestinal mass and
      nitrogen. Route of administration influenced substrate utilization in
      malnourished animals fed identical diets. We conclude that weight gain cannot be
      used as a comparative indicator of nitrogen retention between malnourished
      animals fed enterally and those fed intravenously.

PMID- 6815336
TI  - Isoniazid induced seizures and cerebral cortical and cerebellar energy
      metabolism.
AB  - Isoniazid is a useful chemical convulsant in that metabolic events associated
      with the preseizure state can be easily examined. In the present study, net
      levels of glucose, glycogen, ATP, and phosphocreatine were measured using
      enzymatic techniques in control mice, and in those injected with isoniazid.
      Results from this study showed a differential effect of isoniazid on cells from
      the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum. In the preseizure stage, the high energy
      phosphates ATP and phosphocreatine were decreased in layer 1 and the pyramidal
      cell layer of the cerebral parietal cortex, but were unchanged in the cerebellum.
      At the onset of seizures, metabolites were decreased not only in cortical layers,
      but in the molecular layer and Purkinje cell rich layer of the cerebellum as
      well. The somewhat delayed response of the cerebellum emphasizes the differential
      nature of metabolism in various brain regions. Such a delay in cerebellar energy
      response to perturbation may be conducive to the seizure state. In another series
      of mice, either sodium valproate or clonazepam was administered prior to
      isoniazid, and metabolite studies repeated. Results showed that at a time when
      each anticonvulsant acted to eliminate overt seizure activity, the reduction in
      ATP and phosphocreatine was not as great as it was in seizing mice treated with
      isoniazid alone.

PMID- 6815338
TI  - Rupture of tibialis posterior tendon in a closed ankle fracture.
AB  - Presented is a case report of a tibialis posterior tendon rupture associated with
      a closed ankle fracture. The treatment is open reduction and fixation at the bony
      fragments with primary repair of the tendon. This injury, although rare,
      illustrates that soft-tissue injuries must be considered in the management of
      unusual or complex fractures.

PMID- 6815339
TI  - Methoxyethylmercury chloride poisoning: clinical findings and in vitro
      experiments.
AB  - A patient attempting suicide ingested 5682 mg methoxyethylmercury chloride, which
      corresponds to 4375 mg mercury. The bulk of the dose was eliminated by vomiting
      and gastric rinsing. About 706 to 977 mg mercury were absorbed in the
      gastrointestinal tract. Only 11.2 mg mercury could be removed by two activated
      charcoal hemoperfusions. Chelating agents were given for 12 weeks. The terminal
      elimination half-life calculated from blood and urine mercury levels was 23 and
      25 d, respectively. No toxic effects on the kidneys and central nervous system
      were seen. The identification of methoxyethylmercury chloride in the gastric
      rinsing fluid was done by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The protein
      binding of methoxyethylmercury chloride was determined by ultrafiltration (93%).
      In the presence of dimercaprol sulfonate and penicillamine, protein binding was
      83 and 88%, respectively. Activated charcoal and amberlite hemoperfusion revealed
      equal in vitro clearances for methoxyethylmercury chloride (62 mL/min at a flow
      rate of 80 mL/min).

PMID- 6815340
TI  - Relationship between biochemical and cytochemical results obtained on Bacillus
      megaterium and Bacillus subtilis cell-wall polysaccharides.

PMID- 6815344
TI  - Nitroglycerin ointment and electrical resistance.

PMID- 6815341
TI  - Prominent lateral mucosal folds in the bulbous urethra.

PMID- 6815342
TI  - Plasma cell dyscrasias and cryoglobulins.

PMID- 6815345
TI  - Spirulina and vitamin B 12.

PMID- 6815343
TI  - Immunohematologic diseases.

PMID- 6815346
TI  - Assessment of hospital performance by use of death rates. A recent case history.
AB  - This article discusses an analytical approach for integrating hospital death
      rates. A study of patient mortality in four hospitals in a large metropolitan
      areas demonstrates the principles underlying this approach. One hospital, which
      experienced an annual crude death rate almost twice that of the other three, was
      suspected of providing an inferior quality of care. Case-mix differences among
      the hospitals introduced a serious bias, however, and were later taken into
      account. The patients' primary diagnosis was found to be the most important case
      mix variable, with a potential for biasing death rate comparisons. After
      readjustment for case mix, the maximum difference in death rates among the four
      hospitals was reduced from 19 to four deaths per 1,000 patients. Further analysis
      of diagnosis-specific mortality supported the thesis that the observed mortality
      excess was largely attributable to patient referral patterns in the community.

PMID- 6815347
TI  - Massive swelling of the foot in a 63-year-old man.

PMID- 6815348
TI  - [Effects of induced hypotension anesthesia with nitroglycerin on blood
      coagulation-fibrinolysis system in man].

PMID- 6815350
TI  - [Mechanism of development of secondary sex characteristics].

PMID- 6815349
TI  - [Studies on molecular size distribution of factor VIII-related antigen in
      patients with Von Willebrand's disease and their parents].

PMID- 6815351
TI  - [Regulatory mechanism of menstruation].

PMID- 6815352
TI  - [Human alpha, beta and gamma interferons].

PMID- 6815353
TI  - [A case report of aortic dissection with a diverticulum-like projection in
      thoracic aortography].

PMID- 6815354
TI  - [A case report of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6815355
TI  - [Microdetermination of lead in hair samples by graphite-tube atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry after oxine-MIBK and APDC-MIBK extraction].
AB  - Scalp hair samples were decomposed by the semimicro wet digestion method and
      transferred into test tubes (15 ml) equipped with face abraded exchangeable
      stoppers. To the test solution (5 ml), citric buffer was added and the pH was
      adjusted to 3.0, and water was added to make the solution 10 ml. Iron and other
      few ions are extracted with 1% oxine-MIBK solution (1 ml) and removed. Then, lead
      was extracted with APDC-MIBK solution (1 ml), and the upper layer (20
      microliters) was injected immediately into graphite-tube. Atomic absorption was
      measured at 2,170 A corrected background by D2 lamp. Recovery tests of lead added
      to hair samples were satisfactory and interference by coexisting metals was not
      observed. With this method, the amount of lead in hair samples from healthy
      persons were determined, and the mean values of 4.90 ppm in male and 8.13 ppm in
      female were indicated.

PMID- 6815356
TI  - Adult form acid maltase deficiency -- a case report.
AB  - The case of a 26 year old man with acute respiratory difficulty was reported.
      Morphological and biochemical analysis of biopsied gastrocnemius muscle indicated
      a diagnosis of adult form acid maltase deficiency. Clinically, the most
      interesting point of our case was the presence of a thickening of the posterior
      papillary muscles and chordae without any functional disturbance, which was
      detected by echocardiogram. Another interesting point of our case was the
      existence of a sibling who died of progressive muscular dystrophy at the age of
      31 years. This may raise the possibility that we are dealing with a familial type
      of adult form acid maltase deficiency.

PMID- 6815357
TI  - von Recklinghausen's disease and malignant changes in three patients.
AB  - Three Japanese patients with von Recklinghausen's disease and malignant changes
      were studied. The primary lesions of malignant changes were the chest wall in
      Case 1, the buttock in Case 2, and the neck in Case 3. After excision of the
      tumors, there were local recurrences in Cases 1 and 2. Distant metastases
      developed during treatment in these patients. One of the patients (Case 1) died
      21 months after the initial diagnosis of malignancy. Multidisciplinary treatment
      was of some value in suppressing local recurrences and pulmonary metastases in
      Case 2. Pulmonary metastases were evident at the time of admission to our
      hospital in Case 3. Although the primary and metastatic tumors were removed, the
      patient died 8 months after the initial diagnosis of malignancy. We conclude that
      careful follow-up should be required in patients with von Recklinghausen's
      disease because of the possibility of malignant changes. When there is a
      suspicion of malignancy, an extended en-block excision must be performed.

PMID- 6815358
TI  - [Study of in vitro sensitivity of human bladder cancer cell lines to sex steroid
      hormones. Combined effects of adriamycin or mitomycin-C and estradiol-17 beta on
      T24 cells].

PMID- 6815359
TI  - Purification and identification of horse serum IgA.

PMID- 6815360
TI  - Pathology of experimental acute sarcocystosis in a cow.

PMID- 6815361
TI  - Comparison in SDS gel electrophoretic patterns of cytoplasmic proteins among
      ureaplasmas isolated from various host species.

PMID- 6815362
TI  - Probable clonal origin of neurofibrosarcoma in a patient with hereditary
      neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A neurofibroma, a fibroma, a primary neurofibrosarcoma, and four
      neurofibrosarcoma metastases from a woman with hereditary neurofibromatosis who
      was heterozygous (GdB/GdA-) for the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were studied to determine the number of cells from which the tumors
      developed. Both enzyme types were observed in the benign tumors in proportions
      similar to those present in seven different normal tissues studied. These
      findings indicated that the benign tumors arose from many cells. In marked
      contrast, only type A activity was detected in the primary neurofibrosarcoma and
      in all of the metastases. Two or more steps probably were involved in the
      development of neurofibrosarcoma in this patient: the inherited genetic mutation
      producing neurofibromatosis and a rare event or combination of events that
      permitted a single cell to undergo malignant proliferation.

PMID- 6815363
TI  - Characterization of anti-inflammatory factors produced by murine tumor cells in
      culture.
AB  - P-815 mastocytoma cells from DBA/2 mice and a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma from C57BL/6 mice produced in culture at least two soluble anti
      inflammatory factors that inhibited macrophage accumulation in vivo when the
      factors were injected sc into syngeneic recipients. One factor was a low
      molecular-weight peptide (less than 1,000), as judged by ultrafiltration, failure
      of extraction by lipid solvents, nonsusceptibility to DNase or RNase, partial
      inactivation by trypsin, and complete inactivation by carboxypeptidase B. The
      second anti-inflammatory factor had a molecular weight between 30,000 and 100,000
      and was also not extractable with lipid solvents. Production of anti-inflammatory
      factors by P-815 mastocytoma cells was inhibited by cycloheximide and cell
      irradiation but not by colchicine pretreatment of the cells, suggesting a
      relationship to protein synthesis rather than cell growth. Soluble anti
      inflammatory factors depressed granulocyte as well as macrophage responses. Anti
      inflammatory factors were not found in supernatants from cultures of splenocytes,
      peritoneal exudate cells, or murine lung fibroblasts.

PMID- 6815364
TI  - Suppression of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced chromosome aberrations in
      rat bone marrow cells after treatment with Sudan III and related azo dyes.
AB  - Noninbred Long-Evans rats fed Sudan III at 24 hours before they were given an
      injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) displayed prominently
      suppressed DMBA-induced chromosome aberrations (CA) in their bone marrow cells.
      Rats fed Sudan III simultaneously with the DMBA injection showed no suppressed CA
      effect. The suppressive effect of Sudan III on DMBA-induced CA paralleled the
      dose rate of Sudan III when given in the range between 1 and 10 mg Sudan III/kg
      body weight; higher doses produced no additional suppression. The capacity of
      various Sudan III-related chemicals to prevent DMBA-induced CA paralleled their
      capacity to prevent DMBA-induced adrenal apoplexy and mammary cancer. Among the
      azo dyes investigated, Sudan III was most efficient in protecting against DMBA
      induced CA. Polychlorinated biphenyl and phenobarbital, inducers of drug
      metabolizing enzymes, also suppressed DMBA-induced CA.

PMID- 6815365
TI  - Detection of aflatoxins and related metabolites by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Rabbit (outbred albino New Zealand White) antisera have been raised against
      aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using as immunogen conjugates in which the hapten was coupled
      to bovine serum albumin (BSA) either through C1 or C8 with the oxime and the
      dichloride derivatives of AFB1 as intermediates. Radioimmunoassay (RIA), with
      [3H]AFB1 as tracer, showed that the antiserum prepared with the conjugate in
      which BSA was coupled to the AFB1 oxime derivative was highly specific to AFB1,
      whereas the antiserum raised against the conjugate in which BSA was coupled to
      AFB1 through the AFB1Cl2 derivative (C-antiserum) cross-reacted to a large extent
      with other aflatoxins, including aflatoxin M1, an important urinary metabolite of
      AFB1 in several species including humans. AFB1-related metabolites in the urine
      of inbred BD IV adult male rats given AFB1 orally at doses from 600 pmol to 385
      nmol can easily be followed over 9 days by RIA in which the "cross-reactive" C
      antiserum is used. This suggests that similar methodologies could be used for the
      monitoring of human exposure to AFB1.

PMID- 6815366
TI  - [Experimental studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815367
TI  - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of average therapeutic doses of sustac
      and obzidan in patients with exertional angina pectoris].

PMID- 6815368
TI  - [Peri-infarct zone and the effect of mannitol on it].
AB  - Apart from clinical examination, blood enzyme activity was measured and ST
      intervals recorded on electrocardiotopograms (ECTG) from 35 leads in 56 patients
      (40 males and 16 females) with acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction.
      The osmotic diuretic mannitol was administered to 21 patients. The untreated
      patients were subdivided into 2 groups with respect to biochemical patterns they
      exhibited: enzyme activity peaking on Day 2 and coming back to normal by Day 7-10
      (Group 1), and enzyme activity peaking on Day 3-4 and coming back to normal by
      Day 15-20 (Group 2). Similar patterns could be observed in ECTG findings. The
      course of myocardial infarction was shown to be either recurrent, or
      nonrecurrent. The recurrent course, indicative of a spreading primary necrotic
      focus, was noted in 86% of the patients belonging to Group 2. The clinical,
      enzymatic and ECTG patterns of patients treated with mannitol were similar to
      those of the patients with nonrecurrent course of myocardial infarction,
      therefore mannitol treatment can be recommended for the control of the acute
      stage of the disease.

PMID- 6815369
TI  - [Use of external drainage to evaluate the bile excretory system in the
      postoperative period].

PMID- 6815370
TI  - [2 cases of gallbladder diverticula].

PMID- 6815371
TI  - [Clinical pathology of shock lung].

PMID- 6815372
TI  - [Ophthalmologic tumor service for the care of patients with malignant intraocular
      tumors].
AB  - The organization of treatment for patients with malignant intraocular tumors is
      described with reference to the oncology department of an eye clinic specializing
      in tumor problems. Since eye tumors are seldom encountered in day-to-day
      ophthalmological practice, and the costs of diagnosis and treatment are so high,
      centralized treatment facilities are advocated.

PMID- 6815373
TI  - [Ocular histoplasmosis].
AB  - Reports of ocular histoplasma mycosis demonstrated serologically and in tissue
      are rare in Europe. This is principally due to the fact that histoplasmosis is
      not endemic in Europe (in contrast to the USA). A second reason is that it is
      hard to find laboratories which have experience in the differential diagnosis of
      histoplasmosis and forms of uveitis. In cases of uveitis it would be desirable to
      include histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis and to use more staining
      methods (silver nitrate methenamine, fluorescein serology) and immunologic tests
      (intracutaneous test with histoplasmin, complement fixation test, countercurrent
      immuno-electrophoresis) for histoplasmosis. Report on a case of ocular
      histoplasmosis, positive in the skin test and in immunodiffusion, contracted 19
      years previously in Mississippi, USA.

PMID- 6815374
TI  - [Long-term indomethacin treatment of ophthalmopathies after Basedow disease in
      general practice].
AB  - Seven patients with Basedow' disease were treated with 100 mg of indomethacin
      (rectal suppository) before going to bed and showed moderate improvement of
      various ocular disturbances. In two there was conspicuous regression of edema of
      the upper eyelid. In these patients a double eyelid hidden by the edema
      reappeared and the bloated sensation in the eyelid decreased. In two other
      patients, the edema and the bloated sensation in the eyelid decreased slightly.
      In two patients exophthalmus decreased by 1-2 mm. Diplopia disappeared in two
      patients and was improved in 1. Two patients failed to continue treatment with
      indomethacin suppositories, due to exacerbation of hemorrhoids. Indomethacin was
      moderately effective in treating Basedow's ophthalmopathy. The author believes
      that indomethacin is as efficacions as or more so than drugs tried so far for
      Basedow's ophthalmopathy.

PMID- 6815375
TI  - [Epilepsia partialis continua Kozevnikov. Correlation of cranial
      computertomography and EEG-findings].
AB  - Two children with onset of epilepsia partialis continua (Epc) in the age of 8
      years are described. EEG-findings and cranial computertomography are compared.
      Where as the CAT is demonstrating the underlying morphological lesion of Epc, the
      EEG is showing the epileptic phenomena. Both, anatomic lesion and
      electroencephalographic focus can show quite different localisations. Despite
      this findings, to establish the diagnosis Epc, in our cases the
      computertomographic proof of a cortical and subcortical lesion seems to be
      important.

PMID- 6815376
TI  - Long-term management of inherited renal tubular disorders.
AB  - In inherited renal tubular disorders with isolated defects of tubular transport
      medical treatment is usually either not indicated or is simple and effective. In
      some inherited metabolic disorders with complex defects of renal tubular
      transport a specific therapy is known. For example, in galactosemia and
      hereditary fructose intolerance crude products may be restricted or in cases of
      Wilson's disease copper stores may be reduced. In idiopathic Fanconi syndrome,
      cystinosis, oculocerebrorenal syndrome and glycogenosis Fanconi-Bickel, a
      symptomatic replacement treatment based on supplementation of water, electrolytes
      and vitamin D has improved the non-uremic survival of these patients considerably
      within the last 20 years. For long-term management of inherited renal tubular
      disorders, treatment of tubular dysfunction, chronic renal failure, and involved
      extrarenal organs must be supported by genetic counseling and assistance for
      social integration.

PMID- 6815377
TI  - [Iatrogenic cholelithiasis].

PMID- 6815378
TI  - Rapid simultaneous diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and encephalitozoonosis in rabbits
      by carbon immunoassay.
AB  - Examination of 90 laboratory rabbits by the carbon immunoassay using mixed
      Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi antigen, revealed 14 rabbits as
      positive to Toxoplasma gondii and 22 to Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Cross reactions
      were not encountered. Blood samples also were examined by the indirect
      fluorescent antibody test for antibody to Toxoplasma gondii. There was complete
      correlation for positive and negative blood samples between the two tests.
      Necropsy of 10 rabbits positive to Toxoplasma gondii revealed two rabbits with
      microscopic lesions due to toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 6815379
TI  - Phospholipase A2-induced rat mast cell secretion. Role of arachidonic acid
      metabolites.
AB  - Highly purified porcine phospholipase A2 induced noncytotoxic rat cell
      degranulation, as indicated by release of histamine without release of the
      cytoplasmic marker lactate dehydrogenase. Ultrastructural studies using
      transmission, scanning, and freeze fracture electron microscopic techniques
      indicated that phospholipase A2-induced degranulation was comparable to that
      caused by other mast cell secretagogues. Secretory changes noted were fusion of
      perigranular and plasma membranes, formation of vacuoles containing less electron
      dense granules, and exocytosis of the altered granules through pores in the
      plasma membrane, without alteration in other intracellular organelles. The
      earliest consistent feature of the exocytotic process (within 1 minute) was the
      formation of plasma membrane bulges overlying cytoplasmic granules, with
      depletion of intramembranous particles from the bulges and a reduction in surface
      microridges. Phospholipase A2-induced mast cell degranulation was blocked by the
      phospholipase inhibitor 4-bromophenacyl bromide and by eicosa-5,8,11,14
      tetraynoic acid (ETYA) but not by indomethacin. Since ETYA inhibits both the
      cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and
      indomethacin only the cyclooxygenase pathway, these findings are compatible with
      the mediation of phospholipase A2-induced mast cell degranulation by a
      lipoxygenase product of the released arachidonic acid ETYA, however, may inhibit
      phospholipase activity directly and thus affect degranulation by phospholipase A2
      in this way. These studies indicate that phospholipase A2 can induce mast cell
      degranulation and provides evidence that is compatible with, but not proof of,
      mediation of this process by a lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 6815380
TI  - Transport of gases in pulmonary capillaries- a computation of equilibrium
      constants arising in the oxygen dissociation curve.
AB  - A study of the simultaneous diffusion of O2 and CO2 in the presence of
      haemoglobin is made by considering the intermediate compound hypothesis of Adair.
      Our analysis exhibits explicit dependence of the fractional saturation (of
      haemoglobin with O2) on pCO2. It has been emphasized that discrepancies in the
      various numerically computed values of equilibrium constants arising in the
      oxygen dissociation curve may be due to inadequacy of the methods used to solve
      the normal equations obtained in the process of least-square curve-fitting, which
      are highly non-linear in character in the present context. It has been shown, by
      using the method suggested by Marquardt that the values of these constants lead
      to a saturation function which fits very well with the one based on documented
      data. The analysis further shows that under normal physiological conditions, the
      main bulk of oxygenated haemoglobin exists in the fully saturated form as HbO8
      which also seems obvious from our computed values of equilibrium constants.

PMID- 6815381
TI  - A feasibility study in the development of biological markers for ovarian cancer.
AB  - As a primary feasibility study for the selection of biomarkers for more extended
      clinical evaluation, 17 potential biomarker candidates were measured in the body
      fluids of patients with ovarian carcinoma. For comparative purposes, patients
      were staged and separated into three groups: those considered completely free of
      disease, those with residual but minimal tumor, and those with advanced disease.
      Individual markers included plasma carcinoembryonic antigen, serum human
      chorionic gonadotrophin, urinary beta-aminoisobutyric acid, serum UDP
      galactosyltransferase, and urinary hydroxyproline. Structurally related groups of
      biomarkers included six modified nucleosides and three polyamines analyzed in
      urine, and three serum protein-bound neutral carbohydrates. The respective
      chromatographic methods developed for these latter biochemical materials enabled
      all the individual compounds in each group to be quantitated simultaneously in
      one analytical run. The general frequency and degree of elevation for the total
      number of biomarkers was directly proportional to increasing tumor burden with
      specific exceptions, human chorionic gonadotropin and beta-aminoisobutyric acid.
      Galactosyltransferase was the most frequently elevated in the limited disease
      categories. Several of the biomarkers were elevated in the majority of patients
      with advanced disease and appeared potentially superior to carcinoembryonic
      antigen or human chorionic gonadotrophin.

PMID- 6815382
TI  - Elimination of irritating compounds during chronic exposure to gases.
AB  - Ammonia (NH3, a degradation product of urine) and intestinal gases which
      accumulate in the experimental circuit during the long-term experimental exposure
      of rats to gases might cause disturbing irritation in the behavior of the
      animals. A relatively simple and cheap experimental arrangement has been
      suggested for the elimination of these irritating compounds. This system also
      guarantees the maintenance of a constant concentration of the investigated gases.
      In order to facilitate the comparison of the results of various studies, the
      standardization of the basic experimental procedure for the long-term exposure to
      gases has been suggested.

PMID- 6815383
TI  - The influence of PO2, pH, and albumin on the in vitro contraction of vascular
      smooth muscle.
AB  - A method by which gases can be added to a tissue bath containing proteins in
      solution is described and utilized in a study of the importance of O2, CO2 and
      albumin for the contraction of rings of rabbit pulmonary artery. In electrolyte
      solutions without protein, reduction of the oxygen tension from 700 to 150 mm Hg
      caused a shortening of the period during which contractions could be elicited by
      nerve specific electrical field stimulation before a significant decrease in the
      contractile response occurred. The addition of albumin (45 g/l) to the bath
      caused a significant increase in contractile response during the first hour and
      furthermore a prolongation of the period during which the following gradual
      decrease remained at an insignificant level. A reduction in oxygen tension in the
      albumin solution from 700 to 150 mm Hg caused a more abrupt and pronounced
      reduction in contractile response than the one seen in the protein free solution.
      The response increased when the pH in the saline solution was raised early during
      an experiment but not if the pH was raised later. Decreased responses were seen
      when the pH was reduced regardless of the length of the period prior to the pH
      change. It is emphasized that the method improves the possibilities for in vitro
      studies of the activity of protein bound drugs in the presence of dissolved
      proteins.

PMID- 6815384
TI  - Chrysiasis resulting from gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: identification of
      gold by x-ray microanalysis.
AB  - A patient with blue-gray discoloration of the skin of her face, neck, and hands
      is described. She was a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had received a
      large total cumulative dose of gold. Light microscopy of skin biopsy tissue from
      the forehead revealed deposits of heavy metal in macrophages. On electron
      microscopy, the particles were found in the lysosomes of the cell. X-ray
      microanalysis confirmed the presence of gold. This condition, which is called
      chrysiasis, may be incorrectly diagnosed as cyanosis.

PMID- 6815386
TI  - The aged and long-term care.

PMID- 6815385
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis V: therapy with remission-inducing agents.

PMID- 6815387
TI  - A challenge for public policy: the chronically ill elderly and nursing homes.
AB  - Data reported by skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in an eight-county area in
      Northern California for 1977-78 indicate that the typical SNF resident was a
      impoverished female who was at least 75 years old. Her SNF stay was subsidized by
      MediCal, California's Medicaid program. She was in an urban, for-profit SNF for
      at least one year, during which time approximately one quarter of her co
      residents died. She received about 2 hours of daily side-orderly-attendant care
      and almost 45 minutes of licensed nurse care. Although her most frequent contact
      was with aides-orderlies-attendants, a sustained relationship with the staff was
      not likely because of high employee turnover rate in the facility. This resident
      had a one-in-three chance of being in a SNF that had been cited (though the
      citation had not necessarily been upheld) for poor to life-threatening care. This
      information underscores the urgency of reorienting public policies so that they
      are based on the needs of the chronically ill elderly. Such a reorientation would
      I) ensure that people receive professional and paraprofessional services in the
      least restrictive environment; 2) preclude criticism of nursing homes for
      "warehousing" the elderly when there is actually little choice in the matter; and
      3) enable the nation's elderly to live out their lives with sense of self-worth
      and dignity, and with the knowledge that they are valued members of society.

PMID- 6815388
TI  - An analysis of types and costs of health care services provided to an elderly
      inner-city population.
AB  - The challenge facing national policymakers is to provide health care that is
      comprehensive and cost-effective to our nation's growing population of elderly
      people. A solution worthy of consideration is the use of health maintenance
      organizations (HMOs) in this capacity. An analysis of the services provided by a
      multidisciplinary health care system to 150 inner-city elderly, many of whom were
      "homebound," reversal 1) this population is not homogeneous with respect to
      severity of disease and service utilization, and 2) a total mean cost per
      individual per year of $2,021.34 covers: physician, nursing, and social service
      home visits; visiting nurse, homemakers, home health aide, occupational therapy
      and physical therapy services; outpatient, laboratory and medication costs. These
      findings suggest that while costs for those over 65 are many times the per capita
      costs of younger enrollees, these costs may be significantly less than the costs
      of institutional care. Further investigation of the costs of maintaining low
      income inner-city old, as well as other elderly populations, at home is vital to
      planning for future long-term care.

PMID- 6815389
TI  - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal changes in chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 6815390
TI  - [Hepatic fascioliasis: study of 3 cases].

PMID- 6815391
TI  - Etiologies of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6815392
TI  - [EDTA disodium salt as a factor modifying Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to
      penicillin. Experiments in vivo].

PMID- 6815393
TI  - [EDTA disodium salt as a factor modifying Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to
      penicillin. II. Effect on Staphylococcus aureus in its various growth phases].

PMID- 6815394
TI  - [Effect of selected synthetic growth regulators on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth
      in liquid culture].

PMID- 6815395
TI  - [EDTA disodium salt as a factor modifying Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to
      penicillin. I. Effect on penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro].

PMID- 6815396
TI  - Characterization of the effects of known hepatic monooxygenase inducers on male
      and female rat and mouse kidneys.
AB  - Few studies have been designed to quantify the response of the mammalian kidney
      to agents known to induce monooxygenase activity of renal monooxygenase response
      to three agents representing different classes of inducers: 2,4,2',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,4,2',4',-TCB), representative of the barbiturate class,
      beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), representative of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
      class and isosafrole (ISO) as a novel class of inducing agent. Studies were
      carried out using adult rats and mice of both sexes. Treatment with BNF and ISO
      stimulated ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin deethylase activities in renal
      microsomes from male and female rats and mice, whereas treatment with 2,4,2',4',
      TCB had no effect on either enzyme in rats of either sex. NADPH-cytochrome-c
      reductase activity was unaffected by any treatment. In rat renal microsomes,
      cytochromes P-450 and b5 were increased by treatment with BNF and ISO but were
      not altered by 2,4,2',4'-TCB. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel treated
      with BNF showed the appearance of a protein band in the 50-60000 dalton range
      which is similar to that observed in liver microsomes following BNF treatment.
      These studies confirm and extend previous observations that rat kidney is
      refractory to induction by inducers of the phenobarbital class, but responds to
      ISO and the polycyclic aromatic class of inducers. In addition, the studies have
      demonstrated the presence of a protein in renal microsomes after pretreatment of
      rats with BNF that was not apparent in microsomes from control rat kidneys.

PMID- 6815397
TI  - Evidence for a role of progesterone in the control of uterine ornithine
      decarboxylase in the pregnant hamster.
AB  - Changes in uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity throughout pregnancy
      and the importance of progesterone in the regulation of this enzyme during the
      early post-implantation period have been studied in the hamster. Soon after
      implantation, from day 5 to day 6 of pregnancy, ODC activity rapidly increased.
      It reached a plateau on day 7, then abruptly fell on day 8 and remained low until
      the end of pregnancy. DL-alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO), an irreversible
      inhibitor of ODC, induced pregnancy termination as a consequence of the reduction
      of uterine ODC activity. When pregnancy arrest was induced by removing endogenous
      progesterone by administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) or by
      ovariectomy, the ODC rise was completely abolished, and exogenous progesterone
      was able to entirely counteract this effect on the enzyme activity and the
      termination of pregnancy. These results suggest that progesterone play a
      significant role in the rise of uterine ODC activity, which appears to be
      essential for the early post-implantation events needed for pregnancy
      maintenance.

PMID- 6815398
TI  - Modification of the anticonvulsant efficacy of diazepam by Ro-15-1788 in the
      kindled amygdaloid seizure model.
AB  - The effects of various doses of diazepam and the new central benzodiazepine
      antagonist Ro-15-1788 were investigated in fully amygdaloid kindled rats.
      Diazepam had a pronounced dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in this model. Ro
      15-1788 dose-dependently reduced the behavioral ranks of the elicited kindled
      seizures to a maximum of 60% of control without consistently modifying the
      afterdischarge duration. No prestimulation convulsant effects were seen with Ro
      15-1788. When 2 mg/kg i.p. of Ro-15-1788 was given after various doses of
      diazepam, the prestimulation sedation and ataxia anticonvulsant effects of
      diazepam (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) were attenuated by treatment with 2 mg/kg dose of Ro-15
      1788. At the low dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg), increased reduction of behavioral
      rank and after discharge duration was seen after the 2 mg/kg dose of Ro-15-1788.
      Thus, Ro-15-1788 appears not to have proconvulsant properties in the kindled
      amygdaloid seizure model. Further, Ro-15-1788 appears to have some anticonvulsant
      properties of its own. Mixed agonist and antagonist effects were seen with Ro-15
      1788 when given after various doses of diazepam in this model.

PMID- 6815400
TI  - Naloxone or TRH fails to improve neurologic deficits in gerbil models of
      "stroke".
AB  - The effects of naloxone or thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) upon neurologic
      outcome were evaluated in gerbil models of cerebral ischemia. Following temporary
      bilateral carotid occlusion, hypotension was transiently reversed by these
      endorphin antagonists. However, neither drug altered time to awaken, time to
      death, or the severity of neurologic signs (ptosis, movement, retracted paws,
      circling, righting reflexes, seizures, or opisthotonus) when evaluated by a
      blinded rater. Hot plate escape and roto-rod performance were also unaltered by
      naloxone or TRH; TRH, but not naloxone, increased respiratory rates. Thus, the
      transient improvement of cardiorespiratory function produced by these drugs is
      unrelated to the morbidity and mortality associated with temporary cerebral
      ischemia in the gerbil. Additional studies evaluating the effects of naloxone or
      TRH upon neurologic outcome following permanent unilateral carotid occlusion also
      failed to show any therapeutic effects of these drugs. Both morphine and TRH
      exacerbated the effects of ischemia. Of gerbils which developed neurologic
      impairment, the deficit was usually ipsilateral to the occluded carotid.
      Collectively, these results indicate that neither naloxone nor TRH prevents
      ischemic deficits in the gerbil. Further studies with different cerebral ischemia
      models in other species are required to clarify the possible therapeutic effects
      of these drugs in experimental stroke.

PMID- 6815402
TI  - Accidental death in fermentation tanks: report of two cases.

PMID- 6815401
TI  - Increased thromboxane B2 biosynthesis in platelets.
AB  - The synthesis of thromboxane B2 is increased in platelets from rabbits with
      experimental hypercholesterolemia, but the increase is not due to increased
      phospholipids hydrolysis. We have clarified the mechanism for the increased
      thromboxane synthesis. The biosyntheses of prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane B2
      were unaffected by superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase, mannitol, or benzoate
      in other experiments designed to study the possible involvement of reactive
      oxygen species. These results suggest that O2.- and OH were not likely to be
      involved as intermediates in the synthesis of prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane B2
      in platelets. The rate of prostaglandin H2 biosynthesis was promoted in deuterium
      oxide, and this deuterium oxide enhancement effect was reversed by 2,5
      diphenylfuran, suggesting that singlet oxygen may be involved in prostaglandin H2
      biosynthesis. The biosynthesis of prostaglandin H2 was promoted by ADP-Fe3+ but
      inhibited by EDTA and EDTA-Fe3+. The effect of ADP-Fe3+ could not be replaced by
      EDTA-Fe3+. The effects of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and H2O2 on
      cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase were studied by using partially
      purified enzymes and platelet microsomes. Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase
      inhibited the activity of cyclooxygenase but did not inhibit that of thromboxane
      synthetase. H2O2 caused the inactivation of cyclooxygenase, but the addition of
      H2O2 did not inhibit the formation of thromboxane B2 from prostaglandin H2. An
      examination of glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in
      platelets from normal and experimentally hypercholesterolemic rabbits
      demonstrated that both were decreased in platelets from later group. The observed
      alterations in glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity are large
      enough to cause increased thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelets but the
      possibility that other unidentified factors may also contribute cannot be
      excluded.

PMID- 6815399
TI  - Naloxone attenuates the hypotension induced by Hageman factor.
AB  - The hypotension induced in the pentobarbital anesthesized rat by the i.v.
      administration of an active Hageman factor fragment (Hff) is significantly
      attenuated by naloxone. This effect is specific because the opiate antagonist
      does not modify the hypotension elicited by rat urinary kallikrein, bradykinin or
      nitroglycerin. These results suggest that the contact activation of endogenous
      Hageman factor could result in the generation of vasoactive opioid peptides
      derived from circulating large molecular weight precursors.

PMID- 6815403
TI  - [Sero-immunologic diagnosis of malaria. Methods and applications].

PMID- 6815404
TI  - [Qinghaosu and its derivatives].

PMID- 6815405
TI  - [Immunological profile in patients with chronic Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6815406
TI  - [Effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on the thyrotropin response to the
      thyrotropin releasing hormone in the rat].

PMID- 6815407
TI  - Gastrointestinal ailments of homosexual men.

PMID- 6815408
TI  - Cutaneous allergic reactions to Triatoma infestans after xenodiagnosis.

PMID- 6815409
TI  - Chagas' disease: selective affinity and cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma cruzi-immune
      lymphocytes to parasympathetic ganglion cells.

PMID- 6815410
TI  - [Pathology of experimental Chagas disease in dogs].

PMID- 6815411
TI  - Hematological changes in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6815412
TI  - Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of
      hosts with Chagas' disease. 1--Comparative xenodiagnosis with nine Triatomine
      species of animals with acute infections by Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6815413
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in Paget's disease treated with combined calcitonin and
      diphosphonate (EHDP).
AB  - Bone scintigraphic results for 28 patients with Paget's disease treated with a
      combination of EHDP and calcitonin are reported. The uptake of the bone
      scintigraphic agent decreased considerably during the first year of treatment.
      There was good correlation between scintigraphic and biochemical changes, but
      most of the 22 patients who attained normal biochemical values still had one or
      more active lesions scintigraphically. Remission of disease does not therefore
      mean normalization of the bone scintigram. All affected bones showed a distinct
      drop in activity, but lesions with a higher initial activity remained more active
      than lesions with a lower initial activity. One third of the affected bones
      normalized completely, although radiographic anomalies persisted. There were
      slight differences in scintigraphic activity depending on the anatomical site.
      The success of treatment, however, could not be predicted from the pretreatment
      scintigram. A recurrence of disease was often visible on the scintigram, in
      certain cases 6 months prior to the biochemical decline. This could be of
      importance in the therapeutic management of the recurrence.

PMID- 6815414
TI  - Effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) in adult normal
      and selectively parathyroidectomized rats. I. Effects on plasma calcium, bone
      tissue, and adrenal glands at low or normal calcium intake.
AB  - One-year-old intact and selectively parathyroidectomized rats were given a normal
      or low calcium diet for 8 months and, during the last 3 weeks, diphosphonates
      (EHDP) at a low dose level of 1.0 mg EHDP/kg body weight/day intraperitoneally.
      The administration of EHDP impaired the animals' ability to maintain the blood
      calcium level during a low calcium intake. Calcium-deficient intact animals had
      significantly reduced plasma calcium during EHDP treatment, while calcium
      deficient parathyroidectomized animals showed no further reduction. Calcium
      deficiency alone resulted in osteoporosis which was prevented by
      parathyroidectomy. The short period of EHDP treatment had no significant effect
      on the bone mass in control, osteoporotic, and parathyroidectomized animals. The
      calcium accretion rate by bone became significantly increased upon a low calcium
      intake in intact rats but not in parathyroidectomized ones. This increase was
      counteracted by EHDP which gave rise to reduced accretion in both
      parathyroidectomized and osteoporotic animals. In addition EHDP caused
      hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex in all treated groups.

PMID- 6815415
TI  - Composition, cross-linking and thermal stability of bone and skin collagens in
      patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The composition, cross-linking, and thermal stability of the collagens were
      determined in bone and skin biopsies from 4 patients with moderate to severe
      forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The major modification observed with
      respect to control subjects was an overhydroxylation of lysine in type I bone
      collagen (hydroxylysine content doubled in three patients and increased by 50% in
      the last patient). This overhydroxylation is confirmed by a similar increase in
      the dihydroxylated cross-link of bone collagen: the
      dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine. The type II collagen from cartilage and the
      pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin of these patients contained the normal
      amount of hydroxylysine. A small amount of type III collagen has been found in
      three patients, while only in one patient a slight increase in the type III/type
      I collagen ratio was observed in skin. In all patients the thermal stability of
      the collagen triple helix, measured by differential scanning calorimetry, was
      normal in both bone and skin. Although in at least three patients the clinical
      features allowed us to classify our patients into two different groups (Sillence
      et al., 1979 classification--groups I and III), the biochemical results are
      similar, suggesting that the overhydroxylation of the lysine in type I bone
      collagen is a common feature of severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 6815416
TI  - Net metabolic changes of zinc, copper, nitrogen, and potassium balances in
      skeletal trauma patients.
AB  - Zinc, copper, nitrogen, and potassium balances of 10 male skeletal trauma
      patients were determined over 5-6 days each. Nutrition consisted of
      electrolyte/glucose and/or blood/blood product infusions. Patients were started
      on balance studies within 24 hr following injury. Zinc and copper were analyzed
      by atomic absorption while nitrogen was measured by the microKjeldahl technique
      and potassium by flame photometry. The mean daily balances for these patients
      were -1563 micrograms zinc, -266 micrograms copper, -20.0 g nitrogen and -29 mEq
      potassium for 5 patients receiving electrolyte/glucose infusions and +1273
      micrograms zinc, +322 micrograms copper, -12.9 g nitrogen, and -26 mEq potassium
      for 5 patients receiving blood/blood products in addition to electrolyte/glucose.
      Routine daily maintenance supplementation of 2 mg zinc and 2 mg copper is
      recommended for skeletal trauma patients on electrolyte/glucose and those on
      electrolyte/glucose with blood/blood products intravenous infusions. Further
      balance studies are necessary to ascertain the level of zinc and copper
      supplementation needed by skeletal trauma patients receiving different
      nutritional support.

PMID- 6815418
TI  - D-Glucose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, membrane-bound.

PMID- 6815417
TI  - Glucose and insulin effects on the novo amino acid synthesis in young men:
      studies with stable isotope labeled alanine, glycine, leucine, and lysine.
AB  - We have explored interrelationships between te dynamic aspects of whole body
      glucose and alanine and glycine metabolism in adult humans. Using a primed,
      continuous intravenous infusion of [1-13C] leucine or lysine given simultaneously
      with [2H3] or [15N]alanine or [15N]glycine, respectively, whole body alanine and
      glycine fluxes and their rates of de novo synthesis were determined in three
      experiments with healthy young men. Subjects were studied in the post-absorptive
      state and during a 150 min period of an intravenous infusion with unlabeled
      glucose, at a rate of 4 mg.kg-1 min-1. In one experiment, insulin was given
      together with the glucose infusion to maintain normoglycemia. In the other two
      studies, subjects received glucose alone. For the post-absorptive state, alanine
      flux (mean +/- SEM) was 381 +/- 26 and 317 +/- 18 mumole.kg-1 hr-1 in two
      separate experiments and glycine flux was 240 +/- 22 mumole.kg-1 hr-1. De novo
      synthesis of alanine and glycine accounted for 75%-81% and 81% of flux,
      respectively. Infusion with glucose alone raised plasma glucose to a mean level
      of 152 mg/dl and increased alanine flux, due to a rise in alanine synthesis of 98
      mumole.kg-1 hr-1 (p less than 0.01). Glycine flux and synthesis rate were
      unaffected by the glucose infusion. When insulin was given with glucose to
      maintain normoglycemia, the rate of alanine synthesis was unchanged. Because
      glucose uptake rate, measured with [6,6-2H2] glucose was the same whether glucose
      was infused along or with exogenous insulin, these results support the view that
      the circulating plasma glucose level itself may affect alanine synthesis and that
      the hyperglycemic state is an important factor in regulating interorgan nitrogen
      transfer, via alanine, in various pathophysiologic states.

PMID- 6815419
TI  - Aldose reductase from human tissues.

PMID- 6815420
TI  - D-Gluconate dehydrogenase from bacteria, 2-keto-D-gluconate-yielding, membrane
      bound.

PMID- 6815421
TI  - D-Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas fluorescens.

PMID- 6815422
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Bacillus.

PMID- 6815423
TI  - Activation and assay of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.

PMID- 6815424
TI  - Phosphoglucose isomerase from mouse and Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6815425
TI  - Synthesis of (2R)-glycerol-o-beta-D-galactopyranoside by beta-galactosidase.

PMID- 6815426
TI  - Influence of low intensity 2,450 MHz microwave radiation upon the growth of
      various micro-organisms and their sensitivity towards chemical inactivation.
AB  - The non-lethal effects of 2,450 MHz radiation upon vegetative cell of P.
      aeruginosa and S. aureus have been assessed at low power intensities (1 joule min
      1 ml-1) over a prolonged time period (16 h). Results indicated that the cell
      envelope was a primary target for such radiation. Growth of micro-organisms in
      the presence of microwaves produced minor structural changes in their cell
      envelopes which resulted in an alteration of preservative sensitivity. Such
      changes were not sufficiently great as to result in any alteration of specific
      growth rates during continuous microwave exposure, neither was motility nor
      cellular morphology affected.

PMID- 6815427
TI  - Proteolysis and recycling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate
      tuberculoproteins.
AB  - The culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra has proteolytic enzyme
      activity which can hydrolyse extracellular tuberculoproteins. Some of the
      released products are transported into the cells and are incorporated into cell
      protein, and finally reappear in the culture filtrate as constituents of
      secondary tuberculoproteins. Continued extracellular proteolysis and utilization
      of the resultant products could produce a cyclic source of culture filtrate
      tuberculoproteins.

PMID- 6815428
TI  - Lectin-bearing protoplasts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce capping in human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The redistribution of surface membrane receptors and cap formation by pseudomonas
      aeruginosa lectins (Ps-GAL, which binds D-galactose, and Ps-MAN, which binds D
      mannose and L-fucose) was studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by
      scanning electron microscopy. When Ps-GAL and Ps-MAN-bearing protoplasts of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated with lymphocytes, cap formation was
      revealed by the accumulation of protoplasts at one pole of the lymphocyte. No
      adherence or capping was observed when intact Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells were
      used. Pretreatment of the lymphocytes by papain or neuraminidase did not enhance
      the capping. No capping or adherence of protoplasts to lymphocytes was observed
      in the presence of D-galactose, while addition of D-mannose had no effect. The
      inhibitory effect of D-galactose on the adherence and capping in human peripheral
      lymphocytes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa protoplasts suggests that the Ps-GAL lectin
      is responsible for both phenomena.

PMID- 6815430
TI  - The mechanism of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 6815429
TI  - Inhibitors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae produced in liquid medium by Bacteroides
      fragilis and Eubacterium limosum.
AB  - Indigenous micro-organisms of the urogenital flora including anaerobes can
      inhibit the in vitro growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Bacteroides fragilis and
      Eubacterium limosum strains known to inhibit the gonococcal growth on solid
      medium have been shown to produce their antigonococcal activities in liquid
      medium. Concentrations of individual short-chain fatty acids produced by E.
      limosum strains were lower than the inhibitory concentrations reported for N.
      gonorrhoeae. B. fragilis strains produced propionic acids in amounts known to be
      inhibitory to the gonococcus. Furthermore, studies with E. limosum (Ps11A)
      cultures incubated at 29 degrees C (200 ml, 50 l) and at 37 degrees C (200 ml)
      have shown that short-chain fatty acids were not the inhibitors since no
      correlation between the short-chain fatty acids and the antigonococcal activity
      was found throughout the growth of the cultures. Moreover, the observed
      inhibitory activity of E. limosum was not due to pH change or to nutrient
      depletion of the medium. These observations coupled with the specificity of the
      antigonoccal activity produced by E. limosum suggest that it is different from
      previously reported gonococcal inhibitors of bacterial origin.

PMID- 6815431
TI  - [Chromosome mapping of Streptomyces griseus 773 using interspecies
      recombination].

PMID- 6815432
TI  - [Lipids of a paraffin-oxidizing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The qualitative and quantitative composition of lipids was studied in a paraffin
      oxidizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa P-20 strain. The content of free lipids was 7%
      of the dry biomass weight in a medium with hexadecane and 6.7% in a medium with
      glucose. The content of bound lipids was 6.7 and 5.6%, respectively.
      Phospholipids and free fatty acids are main components of lipids in the both
      cases. Phospholipids are represented by diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl choline. The fatty acids of
      free lipids consist by 72% of even acids with an unbranched carbon chain, among
      which palmitic and octadecenic acids prevail no matter what is the composition of
      a medium. 'Uneven' acids are represented mainly by nonadecenic acid: 17.8% in the
      medium with hexadecane and 15.9% in the medium with glucose. The content of
      unsaturated acids is 55.95% in 'hexadecane' cells and 44.89% in 'glucose' cells;
      octadecenic and nonadecenic acids predominate among unsaturated acids. Fatty
      acids covalently bound to cellular proteins and polysaccharides contain much less
      unsaturated compounds (particularly in cells grown in the medium with hexadecane)
      and more branched acids; C18:1, C16:0 and C17:0-branched acids predominate among
      them.

PMID- 6815433
TI  - [Chemotactic reactions of a paraffin-oxidizing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The reactions of chemotaxis were studied in a paraffin-oxidizing Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strain using the method of migration in viscous media. Diesel fuel and
      paraffin become attractants only if they are contaminated with hydrocarbon
      oxidizing mycobacteria. A suspension of mycobacterial cells as well as their
      lipids (peptidoglycolipids, wax, triglycerides, methyl esters of mycolic acids)
      are attractants, too. A mycobacterial biomass containing no lipids does not cause
      chemotaxis of P. aeruginosa cells.

PMID- 6815434
TI  - [Amikacin - resistance in some bacteria isolated in Ankara, and its relation to R
      plasmids].
AB  - Four acinetobacter and 5 Ps. aeruginosa strains which were isolated in Clinical
      pathology Lab. of Hacettepe Univ. Med. School, and found to be resistant to
      Amikacin were tested for infectious drug resistance, using conventional in vitro
      transfer technique repeatedly. E. coli K12 Nalr (for Acinetobacters), and Ps.
      aeruginosa (for Pseudomonads) strains were used as recipients. For cultures and
      transfer experiments NB No : 2, and for the selection Mc Conkey Agar plates with
      nalidixic acid and proper antibiotics were used. Inspite of some variable and
      curious positive findings, it was not possible to transfer Amikacin - resistance
      to recipients with certainty. Results suggest that this characteristic was not
      controlled by R plasmids and hence was not "infectious", or at least could not
      been transferred by the technique we used.

PMID- 6815435
TI  - [Meningococcic meningitis epidemic in Ankara].
AB  - The meningococcic meningitis cases which appeared in Ankara in 1973 had ceased by
      1976. The monthly distribution of the cases conforms well with the distribution
      schemes of other countries, where the peak months were the late winter and the
      early spring months. Beside the peak months some cases were seen throughout the
      year. Although the peaks disappeared after 1977, a few cases continued to be seen
      again. In the identification of the aetiological agent, the serogroup B was the
      predominant (70 cases, 45.5%) and the serogroup A was the next in prevalence (41
      cases, 26.6%). When the aetiological agent was considered, no correlation could
      be established between the epidemic which had occurred in same periods in Ankara
      and in Istanbul.

PMID- 6815436
TI  - [Investigations of Listeria monocytogenes in infections of the newborn].
AB  - In order to isolate Listeria monocytogenes from 42 high-risk infants and
      infection-suspected neonates, blood, external ear canal, throat and urine
      cultures were made. But, no Listeria monocytogenes could be isolated. Other
      cultured microorganisms are discussed.

PMID- 6815437
TI  - Lithium carbonate in vasospastic disorders.

PMID- 6815438
TI  - Plasma progesterone levels, infant temperament, arousals from sleep, and the
      sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 6815439
TI  - Does the X chromosome have a special role in immune biology?
AB  - The observation that a number of gene clusters or "supergenes" are critical in
      the genetic regulation of the immune response was used to introduce the
      hypothesis that multiple X chromosome genes are similarly organized and that they
      play some special critical role in the immune response. The evidence discussed
      included current information on several of the human X-linked immune
      deficiencies, data from mice and studies suggesting X chromosome genes have
      "regulatory" functions in non-immune tissues. A set of potentially testable
      speculations based on the hypothesis were advanced.

PMID- 6815440
TI  - Warfarin resistance caused by vitamin K in intestinal feeds.

PMID- 6815441
TI  - Acute pancreatitis and sodium valproate.

PMID- 6815442
TI  - [Diabetic ketoacidosis and coma in the Novi Sad area].

PMID- 6815443
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among persons with hemophilia A.

PMID- 6815444
TI  - Lyme disease.

PMID- 6815445
TI  - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning -- United States. first quarter fiscal
      year 1982.

PMID- 6815447
TI  - Influenza surveillance summary, 1981-1982 season.

PMID- 6815446
TI  - Follow-up of gynecomastia among Haitian males.

PMID- 6815448
TI  - Rabies -- United States, 1981.

PMID- 6815449
TI  - Dengue type 2 virus in East Africa.

PMID- 6815450
TI  - Poliomyelitis update--Jamaica.

PMID- 6815451
TI  - Aquatic deaths and injuries - United States.

PMID- 6815452
TI  - Laboratory confirmation of measles using capillary blood specimens.

PMID- 6815453
TI  - The Surgeon General's warning on marijuana.

PMID- 6815454
TI  - Arboviral encephalitis--United States, 1982.

PMID- 6815455
TI  - Cercarial dermatitis among bathers in California; katayama syndrome among
      travelers to Ethiopia.

PMID- 6815456
TI  - Tuberculosis--United States, 1981.

PMID- 6815457
TI  - Enteric illness associated with raw clam consumption--New York.

PMID- 6815458
TI  - Employee illness from underground gas and oil contamination--Idaho.

PMID- 6815459
TI  - Yellow fever surveillance--Africa.

PMID- 6815460
TI  - Measles, United States--weeks 27-30, 1982.

PMID- 6815461
TI  - Bacteriologic conversion of sputum among tuberculosis patients.

PMID- 6815463
TI  - Dengue type 1 in Mexico.

PMID- 6815462
TI  - Hepatitis B virus vaccine safety: report of an inter-agency group.

PMID- 6815465
TI  - Cholera, 1981.

PMID- 6815464
TI  - Rubella vaccination during pregnancy--United States, 1971-1981.

PMID- 6815466
TI  - State action to prevent motor vehicle deaths and injuries among children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 6815467
TI  - Poliomyelitis - Taiwan.

PMID- 6815468
TI  - Influenza-worldwide.

PMID- 6815469
TI  - Vaccinia necrosum after smallpox vaccination-Michigan.

PMID- 6815470
TI  - Multi-state outbreak of yersiniosis.

PMID- 6815471
TI  - Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)--United States.

PMID- 6815472
TI  - Elimination of indigenous measles--United States.

PMID- 6815473
TI  - Group A streptococcal abscesses after DTP immunization--Georgia.

PMID- 6815474
TI  - Valproic acid and spina bifida: a preliminary report--France.

PMID- 6815475
TI  - Rapid laboratory virus diagnosis.

PMID- 6815476
TI  - Rubella - United States, 1979-1982.

PMID- 6815477
TI  - N-oxidation of phentermine to N-hydroxyphentermine by a reconstituted cytochrome
      P-450 oxidase system from rabbit liver.
AB  - Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated that the cytochrome P-450
      system is involved in the oxidation of phentermine (2-methyl-1-phenyl-2
      aminopropane) to N-hydroxyphentermine by liver microsomal preparations. In the
      present study, a reconstituted system which consisted of cytochrome P-450 and
      NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital
      induced rabbits was found to oxidize phentermine to N-hydroxyphentermine. The
      reaction was NADPH-dependent and required the presence of both the cytochrome P
      450 and reductase preparations. N-Hydroxyphentermine was formed 3 times more
      rapidly in incubation mixtures which contained dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine than
      in those without added phospholipid. The reaction was inhibited several-fold by
      octylamine. It is concluded that the cytochrome P-450 system is able to catalyze
      the oxidation of phentermine to N-hydroxyphentermine.

PMID- 6815478
TI  - Inhibition of microsomal oxidative drug metabolism by 1,4-bis (2-[(2
      hydroxyethyl)amino]-ethylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione diacetate, a new
      antineoplastic agent.
AB  - The effects of 1,4-bis(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-ethylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione
      diacetate (HAQ) on rabbit liver microsomal oxidative drug metabolism were
      investigated. HAQ was found to inhibit O-dealkylase and N-demethylase activities
      in phenobarbital-induced microsomes, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in
      beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes. The inhibition was noncompetitive with
      respect to substrate concentration, with inhibitory constant (Ki) values of 2.9,
      2.6, and 3.0 mM for p-nitroanisole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and benzo[a]pyrene,
      respectively. In contrast, HAQ failed to inhibit p-nitroanisole metabolism when
      the reaction was supported with cumene hydroperoxide. HAQ also inhibited basal
      and substrate-stimulated microsomal NADPH oxidation. The degree of inhibition of
      NADPH oxidation and product formation were comparable. These data, in conjunction
      with the results of previous studies, suggest that HAQ inhibits electron transfer
      by microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, diminishing electron flow to
      cytochrome P-450 and thereby inhibiting substrate metabolism. This mechanism
      differs markedly from that for inhibition of drug metabolism by other quinones,
      such as menadione, in which accelerated electron flow through P-450 reductase to
      the quinone diverts reducing equivalents from cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6815479
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase-catalyzed activation of phenacetin metabolites to
      genotoxic products.

PMID- 6815481
TI  - An unusual papain cleavage of a human IgG1 (lambda) myeloma protein (Mot).
AB  - An IgGl (lambda) protein which showed a unique susceptibility towards papain
      digestion was isolated from the serum of a patient (Mot) with multiple myeloma.
      The Fab fragments of this protein were degraded rapidly into smaller peptides via
      an Fb fragment [Gall & D'Eustachio (1972), Biochemistry 11, 4621-4628], which
      corresponded to the constant domains (Cl-Chl). Structural analysis of the
      isolated Fab fragment, which consisted of the intact L-chain, a 17,000 and a 5000
      mol. wt peptide fragment, indicated that the initial cleavage site was located in
      the vicinity of the second hypervariable region of the Fd fragment. Examination
      of the partial amino acid sequences of the Mot H-chain suggested that the
      variable region of the H-chain may be a hitherto unknown hybrid of subgroups I
      and III. This particular structure seems to have made the Fab fragment highly
      susceptible to papain. In the course of the present study, we also found in the
      papain digests of several human IgG proteins an 'intermediate' 5S fragment, which
      had previously been reported exclusively for the papain digest of rabbit IgG.

PMID- 6815480
TI  - [Protein kinase activity of RNA-binding proteins from amphibian oocytes].
AB  - RNA-binding proteins isolated from amphibian oocytes ribosome-free extract by
      affinity chromatography on poly (U)-Sepharose possess an endogenous protein
      kinase activity. Incubation of these proteins with [gamma-32P] ATP leads to the
      incorporation of labelled phosphate into 6-7 polypeptide chains with molecular
      masses from 20 000 to 80 000, which are estimated by disk-electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, followed by autoradiography of dried gels.
      High-voltage paper electrophoresis of acid hydrolysates of labelled proteins
      showed that mainly [32P]phosphoserine is formed in this reaction. Phosphorylation
      is not stimulated by cAMP and reaches its maximum by 20 degrees and pH near 8.
      The presence of poly(U) in the reactional mixture inhibits phosphorylation
      considerably. The opportunity of partial decrease or loss of RNA-binding activity
      due to phosphorylation of RNA-binding proteins is discussed.

PMID- 6815482
TI  - Calcium-dependent interactions between multivalent ligands and IgM Fc receptors
      of rat peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 6815483
TI  - [Non A, non B-hepatitis in children].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1980, 10 children with acute and 8 children with chronic
      hepatitis type Non A, NON B (NANB) were seen in our hospital. Parenteral
      inoculation was probable in 10 cases. Hepatitis NANB was diagnosed in about 11%
      of all children with acute viral hepatitis who were admitted over this period.
      Children with parenterally acquired disease were more frequently anicteric and
      had less pronounced transaminase elevation than "sporadic" cases. An
      uncomplicated outcome was observed in only three of the ten children. Two
      patients died from acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis developed in three
      other children. The 9 children with chronic hepatitis NANB are representing 17%
      of all patients with chronic hepatitis who were seen in our clinic between 1975
      and 1980. In six children with CPH a benign course was observed whereas three
      children with CAH were severely ill including portal hypertension.
      Immunosuppressive therapy was tried in two cases without success. In children as
      well as in adult patients, acute hepatitis NANB apparently has more frequently a
      prolonged course or progression to chronic liver disease than acute hepatitis of
      other etiology. It seems that CPH NANB shows a similarly benign course as chronic
      persistent hepatitis B. CAH NANB in our patients, however, had a poorer prognosis
      than CAH type B.

PMID- 6815484
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Paroxysmal headaches - pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6815485
TI  - [Complications of sclerosing treatment].

PMID- 6815487
TI  - [Etiology of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Pathologico-anatomic study].

PMID- 6815486
TI  - [Risk factors and primary prevention in mild hypertension].

PMID- 6815488
TI  - [Permanent load on a hip prosthesis in sports].

PMID- 6815490
TI  - [Regression of arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 6815489
TI  - [Pain therapy following meniscectomy. Comparison of zomepirac and tilidine].

PMID- 6815491
TI  - [Jaundice in pregnancy].

PMID- 6815493
TI  - [Microsurgery opened the way for free tissue transplantation].

PMID- 6815492
TI  - [Sports--medicine?].

PMID- 6815494
TI  - [Possibilities of free tissue transplantation with microvascular anastomoses].

PMID- 6815495
TI  - [Research planning without regimentation. Concept of "open research planning"
      with the example of the Federal Government Program "Research and development in
      the service of health"].

PMID- 6815496
TI  - [Long-term results after treatment of metabolic diseases].

PMID- 6815497
TI  - [The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Present concepts].

PMID- 6815498
TI  - [Syphilis serology: principles and practice].

PMID- 6815500
TI  - [Life-threatening hemorrhage].

PMID- 6815499
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Chronic epigastric pain--liver
      metastases].

PMID- 6815501
TI  - [Balint groups].

PMID- 6815502
TI  - [Treatment of postoperative pain. Zomepirac, mefenamic acid and placebo].

PMID- 6815503
TI  - [Antihypertensive effectiveness of a guanfacine/clopamide combination].

PMID- 6815504
TI  - [Eosinophilic myocarditis. A possible variant of the IgA-mediated disease form].

PMID- 6815505
TI  - [Injuries of the knee joint].

PMID- 6815506
TI  - [The medical entrance test has proved its value].

PMID- 6815507
TI  - [The "unhappy triad". Remarks on the mutation of the concept].

PMID- 6815508
TI  - [Patellar chondropathia and trauma].

PMID- 6815509
TI  - [Corium interposition plastic surgery of the knee joint].

PMID- 6815510
TI  - [Uvula excision. Anthropological observations].

PMID- 6815513
TI  - [Surgical research--a contribution to progress in therapy].

PMID- 6815512
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 6815514
TI  - [Control of kidney transplant rejections. Use of fine-needle aspiration
      cytology].

PMID- 6815511
TI  - [Therapy of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. Controlled comparative study
      of 2 cerebral antihypoxidosis agents].

PMID- 6815515
TI  - [Complexing of drugs to vehicles. Improvement of the pharmacologic action and
      decreasing immunologic side effects].

PMID- 6815516
TI  - [Effect of the gastrointestinal tract on immune status. Possible use in therapy].

PMID- 6815517
TI  - [Value of the postoperative determination of colloid osmotic pressure].

PMID- 6815518
TI  - [Origin and therapy of secondary cerebral damage].

PMID- 6815519
TI  - [Postoperative changes of the immune system].

PMID- 6815520
TI  - [Syphilis serology. 4. Tests for the determination of IgM antibodies].

PMID- 6815521
TI  - [Autonomy of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 6815522
TI  - Survival of hereditary retinoblastoma human skin fibroblasts after treatment with
      DNA-damaging chemicals.

PMID- 6815523
TI  - Comparative studies on spontaneous and mitomycin-C-induced sister-chromatid
      exchanges in smokers and non-smokers.
AB  - Both spontaneous and mitomycin-C-induced sister-chromatid exchanges were analyzed
      in 6 smokers and 6 non-smokers. The average number of spontaneous SCE in smokers'
      cells was 8.33 +/- 1.08. The frequency in the non-smoking controls was 4.41 +/-
      0.72. This difference is highly significant (P less than 0.001). Smokers also had
      more SCE at all levels of mitomycin C testes. Analysis of variance showed these
      differences to be highly significant (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6815524
TI  - UV-absorbing and other sun-protecting substances: genotoxicity of 2-ethylhexyl P
      methoxycinnamate.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate was demonstrated when 25
      sunscreen ingredients were tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay. This
      substance also increased the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals in
      Drosophila melanogaster. A trace contaminant may be implicated because many
      samples were obtained from several sources and the results were batch-related.

PMID- 6815525
TI  - The stability of mutator (MR)-induced X-chromosomal recessive visible mutations
      in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - In Drosophila, MR (male recombination) second chromosomes are known to act as
      mutators and recombination inducers in males. The induction of visible mutations
      by MR is observed at only a limited number of genes, such as singed bristle (sn),
      raspberry eye colour (ras), yellow body colour (y) and a carmine eye colour
      (car). Furthermore, sn mutations induced by MR are highly unstable, changing from
      a strong to a weak expression or reverting to the wild-type. It has been
      hypothesized by analogy with IS mutations in microorganisms, that MR-induced
      mutations also represent mutations of the insertion type. In this investigation
      the stability of two MR-h12-induced X-linked visible mutations was tested, one
      singed (snMR) and one raspberry (rasMR). The reversion frequency of both MR
      induced mutations was low in the base population as well as upon outcrossing to
      C(1)DX, yw f females. The data reported here show that the MR-induced mutations
      become highly unstable when MR is re-introduced. The change of expression of an
      MR-induced mutation to a weaker phenotype or to the wild-type occurred at a
      frequency of 3.3 X 10(-3) (ras) to 20.4 X 10(-3) (sn). Recessive lethal mutations
      induced by MR in the X-chromosomes carrying the MR-induced singed or raspberry
      mutation were isolated and analysed. Among 11 independently MR-induced lethals in
      the rasMR-carrying X-chromosome, 4 were found to be allelic to a small deficiency
      that included the raspberry gene. 13 lethals were induced by MR in the snMR
      carrying X-chromosome. Of these, 3 were located near the sn locus but none was
      allelic to a deficiency including the singed gene.

PMID- 6815526
TI  - rec-Assay with spores of Bacillus subtilis with and without metabolic activation.
AB  - The rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains H17 Rec+ and M45 Rec- was carried
      out with their spores. The use of spores ensured more than 50 times higher
      sensitivities with several typical chemical mutagens compared with those with
      vegetative cells. This improved sensitivity enabled us to detect DNA-damaging
      activities of typical metabolically activated chemicals. Conditions of
      improvements and quantitative aspects are analyzed and described.

PMID- 6815527
TI  - Granuloma pouch assay. IV. Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in vivo.
AB  - SCEs were induced, in vivo, in cells of a rapidly proliferating subcutaneous
      granulation tissue, initiated by the formation of a subcutaneous air pouch, on
      the backs of adult male rats (Granuloma Pouch Assay). 2 days after pouch
      formation the test compounds were applied, and 24 h later the granulation tissue
      was excised and dissociated into single cells. Isolated cells were cultured in
      vitro in media containing BrdU, and SCEs were determined within 24-48 h. The
      spontaneous frequency was 14.4 +/- 1.1 per metaphase. Mitomycin C (MMC) and
      cyclophosphamide (CP) induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in SCE
      frequencies. Results obtained after i.v., i.p. and intra-pouch application routes
      are compared.

PMID- 6815528
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children: comparison with
      hemodialysis.
AB  - The clinical and biochemical effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      in 20 children and of hemodialysis in 16 children were compared over a 2 1/2-year
      period. Statistically significant differences between the treatment groups
      included higher hematocrit, higher serum carbon dioxide and cholesterol levels,
      large intake of calories and protein, and lower systolic blood pressure and rates
      of transfusion in the patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis. These patients had more complications than the patients receiving
      hemodialysis, but hospitalization rates in the two groups were similar. The cost
      of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was +19,600 per patient-year; the
      cost of hemodialysis was +54,300 per patient-year; the cost of hemodialysis was
      +54,300 per patient-year. There were four treatment failures with continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and one with hemodialysis. Patients treated with
      both forms of dialysis preferred continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We
      conclude that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is an important
      alternative to hemodialysis in children.

PMID- 6815529
TI  - Relation of the inanimate hospital environment to endemic nosocomial infection.

PMID- 6815530
TI  - Plasma acid-base patterns in diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - In a study of the types of plasma acid-base patterns present at 196 admissions
      for diabetic ketoacidosis we found no relation between the initial level of serum
      total carbon dioxide and the plasma anion gap; instead, there was a broad
      spectrum of acid-base patterns, ranging from pure anion-gap acidosis to pure
      hyperchloremic acidosis. Although the degree of renal dysfunction on admission,
      which reflected the magnitude of volume depletion, was independent of the
      severity of metabolic acidosis, it was responsible for the variable retention of
      plasma ketones: the more severe the volume depletion on admission, the greater
      the ketone retention and the less prominent the hyperchloremic acidosis. Recovery
      from acidosis was significantly slower in patients admitted with pure
      hyperchloremic acidosis. After therapy, hyperchloremia developed in most patients
      at four to eight hours after admission, because of the retention of chloride in
      excess of sodium and the excretion of ketones by the kidney.

PMID- 6815531
TI  - Medical cost inflation.

PMID- 6815532
TI  - New Jersey's experiment with DRG-based hospital reimbursement.

PMID- 6815534
TI  - Seeing in colour.

PMID- 6815533
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6815535
TI  - Identification of the class I genes of the mouse major histocompatibility complex
      by DNA-mediated gene transfer.
AB  - DNA-mediated gene transfer was used to identify cloned class I genes from the
      major histocompatibility complex of the BALB/c mouse. Three genes encoding the
      transplantation antigens H-2 Kd, Dd and Ld were identified as well as genes
      encoding the Qa-2,3 and two TL differentiation antigens. As many as 10 putative
      novel class I genes were detected by the association of their gene products with
      beta 2-microglobulin. Alloantiserum prepared to one of the novel antigens was
      used to demonstrate the expression of the previously undetected antigen on spleen
      cells of various inbred, congeneic, and recombinant congeneic strains of mice.

PMID- 6815536
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for human T-cell
      growth factor; partial characterization of the receptor.

PMID- 6815537
TI  - A new wild-derived H-2 haplotype enhancing K-IA recombination.

PMID- 6815538
TI  - Sequence and structural homologies among type I and type II interferons.

PMID- 6815539
TI  - A second plasma calcium-lowering peptide from the human calcitonin precursor.

PMID- 6815540
TI  - Meta-vinculin--a vinculin-related protein with solubility properties of a
      membrane protein.

PMID- 6815541
TI  - Alteration in the penicillin-binding profile of Bacillus megaterium during
      sporulation.

PMID- 6815542
TI  - Haemagglutinin of influenza virus expressed from a cloned gene promotes membrane
      fusion.

PMID- 6815543
TI  - Hemodynamic alterations produced by N,N-Di-n-propyldopamine in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 6815544
TI  - [Visual perserverance].

PMID- 6815545
TI  - Common hypothalamic sites for activation of sexual receptivity in female rats by
      LHRH, PGE2 and progesterone.

PMID- 6815546
TI  - The anxiogenic action of benzodiazepine antagonists.
AB  - Two benzodiazepine antagonists were tested in an animal model of anxiety, the
      social interaction test. Ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (1 and 2 mg/kg) had a
      potent anxiogenic action; the imidazodiazepine RO 15-1788 (4-10 mg/kg) had a weak
      anxiogenic effect that with a larger dose (20 mg/kg) disappeared and RO 15-1788
      (10 mg/kg) significantly counteracted the anxiogenic effect of the beta-carboline
      (1 mg/kg). The implications of these results for the understanding of the
      pharmacological basis of anxiety and for the existence and nature of an
      endogenous ligand for the benzodiazepine binding site are discussed.

PMID- 6815547
TI  - The mechanism of the anti-desensitizing action of sodium fluoride at the
      amphibian neuromyal junction.

PMID- 6815548
TI  - The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, prevents the effects of flurazepam on
      the high pressure neurological syndrome.
AB  - The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, was used to investigate the
      anticonvulsant effect of flurazepam on the high pressure neurological syndrome
      (HPNS). Flurazepam raised the threshold pressures for the onset of tremor and of
      clonic convulsions caused by high pressure helium. Administration of the
      benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 completely prevented the changes in
      threshold pressures produced by flurazepam. Alone, Ro 15-1788 did not affect the
      onset pressures. The concentration of Ro 15-1788 which blocked the actions of
      flurazepam on the pressure signs was the same as that required to prevent its
      effects on convulsions due to infusion of bicuculline. It is concluded that the
      effect of flurazepam on thresholds for the high pressure neurological syndrome is
      due to action at benzodiazepine receptors and not to a nonspecific effect.

PMID- 6815549
TI  - Spontaneous and drug-induced rotation following localized 6-hydroxydopamine and
      kainic acid-induced lesions of the neostriatum.
AB  - Twelve groups of rats received small localized lesions produced by either 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or kainic acid (KA) in one of six placements in the
      right neostriatum. All groups lesioned with 6-OHDA showed ipsilateral spontaneous
      and amphetamine-induced rotation and contralateral apomorphine-induced rotation.
      All groups lesioned with kainic acid showed ipsilateral spontaneous rotation on
      day 1 following the lesion but contralateral rotation by day 8, and no
      significant rotation to injections of either amphetamine or apomorphine. The
      histology suggested that the lesions were topographically specific, and it is
      therefore concluded that the neostriatum is topographically homogeneous in the
      mediation of rotational behaviour as measured in automated rotometers.

PMID- 6815551
TI  - Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to a tentorial ossification: a case report.

PMID- 6815550
TI  - Effect of mannitol on experimental focal ischemia in awake monkeys.
AB  - The effect of mannitol on focal cerebral ischemia in cynomolgus monkeys was
      studied. After the implantation of a snare ligature about the right middle
      cerebral artery (MCA) and of deep electrodes for measurement of cerebral blood
      flow, unanesthetized animals underwent 4-hour MCA occlusion. Ten monkeys were
      untreated, and 12 animals received mannitol (1.2 g/kg i.v.) 20 minutes after
      occlusion. The preocclusion and postocclusion deep hemispheric cerebral blood
      flows (mean CBFs) were similar in the treated and untreated groups. Occlusion
      produced an average decrease in flow of about 50% in both groups. In the mannitol
      treated group the mean CBF of 30.0 fell to 15.8 ml/100 g/minute, and in the
      untreated group the mean CBF of 29.5 fell to 12.5 ml/100 g/minute. Several
      animals showed increased CBF after mannitol treatment, and there was an average
      21% increase in CBF in the mannitol group after treatment, but this was not a
      statistically significant difference from the untreated group. With regard to
      clinical status, there was no significant difference between the mannitol group
      and the untreated group after MCA occlusion. In individual animals, mannitol
      treatment caused no significant improvement. Two weeks after occlusion, brains
      were evaluated for infarct size; there was no significant difference between the
      mannitol and the untreated groups. In this study, treatment with mannitol (1.2
      g/kg) 20 minutes after MCA occlusion failed to modify significantly the mean
      hemispheric CBF, clinical status, or the pathological effects of 4-hour focal
      cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6815552
TI  - [Use of a semisimultaneous fixation technique to demonstrate the fine structure
      of specialized liverwort cells].

PMID- 6815553
TI  - Keynote address: 88th Annual Meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons of
      the United States.

PMID- 6815554
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of desmoid tumors: a review.

PMID- 6815555
TI  - Stress fracture--a preventable training injury.

PMID- 6815556
TI  - Interpretation of radiographic images transmitted via satellite.

PMID- 6815557
TI  - Blood coagulation profiles in patients with carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 6815558
TI  - Barodontalgia: a system of classification.

PMID- 6815559
TI  - A double blind randomized study of terbutaline in premature labor.

PMID- 6815560
TI  - Correlation of biorhythm cycle phases with incidence of postoperative infection
      and requirement for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 6815561
TI  - PCP psychosis in a general hospital.

PMID- 6815562
TI  - Sociotechnical systems using an industrial tested technology to design quality
      assurance standards in health care systems.

PMID- 6815563
TI  - Food-borne epidemic of streptococcal pharyngitis at an Israeli military training
      base.

PMID- 6815564
TI  - Bullous emphysema and carcinoma of the lung: case report.

PMID- 6815565
TI  - Idiopathic segmental infarction of the greater omentum: case report.

PMID- 6815566
TI  - Case for diagnosis: olfactory neuroblastoma.

PMID- 6815567
TI  - Revision of an arteriovenous fistula by plication: case report.

PMID- 6815568
TI  - Surgical research in the Uniformed Services University: one investigator's
      perspective.

PMID- 6815569
TI  - Sternberg, Metchnikoff, and the phagocytes.

PMID- 6815570
TI  - Preparing Army physicians for practice: I. A survey of hospital commander and
      physician attitudes.

PMID- 6815571
TI  - Application of the nursing process to improve the quality of nursing service
      provided to a military community in Germany.

PMID- 6815572
TI  - Effect of dental facility design on productivity.

PMID- 6815573
TI  - Predicting success in Morse code training.

PMID- 6815574
TI  - Things that go damp in the night: a review of childhood enuresis.

PMID- 6815576
TI  - Appendiceal endometriosis as an incidental finding in pelvic endometriosis: case
      reports.

PMID- 6815577
TI  - Design for a successful morning report.

PMID- 6815575
TI  - Some adjustment indices of oral-maxillofacial war casualties, limb amputees, and
      noninjured veterans.

PMID- 6815578
TI  - Group B streptococcal infections in a primary care military hospital.

PMID- 6815579
TI  - The association of recent Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia.

PMID- 6815580
TI  - Accessory nerve palsy--a hazard of lymph node biopsy: case reports.

PMID- 6815582
TI  - Lingual thyroid associated with hypothyroidism and lymphomatous thyroiditis: case
      report.

PMID- 6815581
TI  - Splenic artery thrombosis secondary to oral contraceptive medication: case
      report.

PMID- 6815584
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas. II. Experientation for clinical purposes].

PMID- 6815583
TI  - [Controlled hypotension in the neurosurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm.
      Comparison of trimethaphan and nitroglycerin].

PMID- 6815585
TI  - [Pancreas transplantation. III. Clinical applications].

PMID- 6815586
TI  - [Absorption of vitamin B 12 after biliopancreatic bypass for obesity].

PMID- 6815587
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative
      colitis in acute or hyper-acute phase].

PMID- 6815588
TI  - [Total parenteral alimentation in the treatment of ulcerative rectocolitis].

PMID- 6815589
TI  - [Personal experience with early alimentation of patients after obstetrical or
      gynecologic surgery].

PMID- 6815590
TI  - [The acetate activation reaction in hemodialysis treatment. Metabolic and
      hemogasometric aspects].

PMID- 6815592
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae: cases in New York City, 1979-1981.

PMID- 6815591
TI  - [Primary polydipsia as the cause of polyuria in patients undergoing long-term
      lithium carbonate therapy].

PMID- 6815593
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New York City: recommendations
      for treatment and control.

PMID- 6815594
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 6815596
TI  - "Ward shape".

PMID- 6815595
TI  - DRG reimbursement: RIMs & the cost of nursing care.

PMID- 6815597
TI  - Pituitary and ovarian response to luteinizing hormone releasing factor in normal
      and sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemic women.
AB  - Five Japanese women with regular menstrual cycles (control group) and 5 sulpiride
      induced hyperprolactinemic women (sulpiride group) were given a 100-microgram
      synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) intravenously, on the 20th
      day of the menstrual cycle and on the 10th day of the next cycle. The mean
      responses of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to LRF in the
      sulpiride group were higher than those in the controls. Despite enhancement of
      the gonadotropin levels, the mean response of estradiol was suppressed
      significantly in the sulpiride group in the luteal and follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle. However, the mean response of progesterone was not statistically
      different, in either group, in the luteal phase. The results suggest that
      sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia exerts an inhibitory effect on steroidogenic
      activity in estradiol but not in progesterone in the ovary.

PMID- 6815598
TI  - Fetal catecholamine release in response to labor and delivery.
AB  - Umbilical arterial plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured using a
      sensitive, specific radioenzymatic assay. Plasma catecholamines were correlated
      with umbilical arterial blood gases, durations of the first and second stages of
      labor, duration of rupture of the membranes, fetal heart rate tracings, and fetal
      sex. Significant correlations were observed for plasma norepinephrine versus
      fetal pH and PO2 and plasma epinephrine versus pH but not PO2. The majority of
      the fetal heart rate tracings demonstrated either a normal baseline or mild
      variable decelerations. The plasma catecholamines and blood gases were similar in
      these 2 groups. Significant elevations of both plasma catecholamines were
      observed with those tracings commonly associated with fetal distress; however,
      the number of infants was small. No sex differences were observed in plasma
      norepinephrine or epinephrine or in responsiveness. The results suggest that the
      human fetus at term responds to acidosis and hypoxia with a graded catecholamine
      release. This may be an important adaptive mechanism.

PMID- 6815599
TI  - Antipyrine disposition in relation to lowered anticonvulsant plasma level during
      pregnancy.
AB  - The authors studied antipyrine disposition before and after delivery in 4
      epileptic women whose anticonvulsant plasma level per dosage ratio was lowered
      during pregnancy, and compared the results to those found in nonpregnant women
      undergoing antiepileptic treatment (N = 6) and healthy women (N = 6). The
      antipyrine clearance at term (0.53 +/- 0.11 ml/min/kg, mean +/- SD) was lower
      than it was early during puerperium (0.70 +/- 0.14 ml/min/kg, P less than .05)
      and approximately 3 months after delivery (1.14 +/- 0.26 ml/min/kg, P less than
      .01). The antipyrine clearance in nonpregnant epileptics (1.17 +/- 0.44
      ml/min/kg) was comparable to that found 3 months after delivery, whereas it was
      significantly (P less than .01) higher than that found in healthy women (0.47 +/-
      0.02 ml/min/kg). These observations suggest that the fall during pregnancy of
      anticonvulsant plasma concentrations relative to dosage is not attributable to
      the enhanced oxidative process of hepatic drug metabolism.

PMID- 6815601
TI  - Eye involvement in Waldenstroms's macroglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6815600
TI  - Promethazine hydrochloride therapy in severely Rh-sensitized pregnancies.
AB  - Seventeen severely Rh-sensitized women were treated with promethazine
      hydrochloride (Phenergan) in 18 pregnancies, according to a protocol described by
      Gusdon et al. There was an unequivocal amelioration of the disease process in 10
      of the pregnancies. In 9 of these 10 pregnancies, the infant survived. In 4 of
      the pregnancies, promethazine proved an unnecessary therapy as the infants were
      Rh negative. Promethazine may or may not have been helpful in 2 pregnancies, both
      of which resulted in live-born infants. One pregnancy resulted in intrauterine
      fetal death subsequent to an intrauterine transfusion. This infant was later
      shown to have multiple congenital anomalies incompatible with life. In a
      subsequent pregnancy, the mother was again treated with promethazine and had a
      normal infant who survived after exchange transfusions. The one loss of a live
      born infant resulted from a cardiac arrest during an exchange transfusion. On the
      basis of these observations, the authors agree with Gusdon et al that
      promethazine does have an ameliorating effect on Rh-sensitized pregnancies.

PMID- 6815602
TI  - Plasma cell lesions within the oral tissues: immunoperoxidase staining of
      routinely fixed and processed tissue.

PMID- 6815603
TI  - Response of upper airway resistance to rebreathing in the rabbit. The
      interrupting effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers.
AB  - The response of upper airway resistance to rebreathing was studied in 20 rabbits.
      The upper airway decreased after rebreathing for 60 s, which induced hypercapnia
      and hypoxia. In the group injected with phentolamine mesylate, 2 mg/kg i.v., the
      decrease of the upper airway resistance was smaller than before administration.
      On the other hand, in the group injected with droperidol, 2 mg/kg i.v., this
      respiratory reflex was completely interrupted. The alpha-adrenergic function of
      this respiratory reflex is discussed.

PMID- 6815604
TI  - Analyzing inpatient hospital duration and intensity: a methodology.
AB  - As a complement to a number of existing cost-containment programs, Blue Cross of
      Maryland developed a length of stay (LOS) review process for its members. The
      method is based on the premise that the utilization of hospital inpatient
      services varies along two major dimensions--service duration (expressed in days
      of hospital stay) and service intensity (expressed as the proportion of ancillary
      service charges to total charges). Composed of seven steps, the method
      statistically analyzes the relationship between LOS and ancillary service charges
      as a proportion of total charges for selected diagnoses. The attempt to monitor
      two dimensions of inpatient care simultaneously is a departure from existing
      utilization review methods. Besides a detailed description of each step in this
      methodology, this article presents preliminary findings from a pilot study
      conducted in eight Baltimore hospitals.

PMID- 6815605
TI  - Analysis of alcoholism facilities' compliance with JCAH standards.

PMID- 6815606
TI  - Quality assurance in community mental health centers: why it may not be working.

PMID- 6815607
TI  - A study of lithium carbonate use in a health maintenance organization.
AB  - The Harvard Community Health Plan, a Boston-based health maintenance
      organization, evaluated the use of lithium carbonate in its mental health
      department. Criteria were developed for four categories of care: prerequisite
      workup, initialization of therapy, maintenance of therapy, and management of side
      effects. Patient records were evaluated for a retrospective control period, an
      experimental period in which educational interventions (education seminars and
      reminder notices) were provided to practitioners, and a postexperimental period
      in which interventions were discontinued. Practitioners' performance improved
      during the experimental period but declined to control-period levels during the
      postexperimental period.

PMID- 6815609
TI  - [Hemolytic disease of newborn caused by anti-c antibody].

PMID- 6815608
TI  - Study on the chemical evolution of low molecular weight compounds in a highly
      oxidized atmosphere using electric discharges.
AB  - The molecular basis for the chemical evolution of low molecular compounds was
      studied using electric discharges on a highly oxidized atmosphere comprised of
      CO2, N2 and H2O. In the gas phase, O2 and CO were formed by the decomposition of
      CO2 and their yields were enhanced by the addition of N2 to the gas mixture. It
      was demonstrated that H2O suppressed the reduction of CO2 while H2O also had a
      role in producing organic compounds such as formic acid and formaldehyde.
      Infrared analysis of the water soluble products and the inner surface of the
      reaction vessel indicated the production of compounds more complex than formic
      acid and formaldehyde. These compounds contained the chemical bonds which were
      identified to be OH, CO, CN and/or CC.

PMID- 6815610
TI  - The pharmacology of headache.

PMID- 6815611
TI  - Urea nitrogen excretion in critically ill children.
AB  - Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) excretion as an index of both total nitrogen
      excretion and protein catabolism was assayed in 32 children (aged 2 months to 15
      years, median 6 years) (50% mechanically ventilated) during an intensive care
      unit course of one to ten days (median three days). The daily UUN excretion was
      4.38 +/- 2.22 gm/sq m (171 +/- 89 mg/kg) (N = 121 patient days). The average
      daily UUN excretion (N = 32 children) was well described by a linear regression
      equation for square meters of body surface area (BSA) (milligrams of UUN =
      4,421.5 x BSA; r2 = .903). This linear relationship permitted the valid
      comparison of both individuals and subgroups despite wide age differences.
      Excretion data in the mechanically ventilated vs the spontaneously breathing
      children, and in four diagnostic subgroups (Reye syndrome, seven; sepsis, six;
      elective surgery, seven; and miscellaneous, 12) were evenly distributed about the
      regression line for body surface area. Variability in average daily UUN excretion
      was on individual basis, and was independent of diagnostic or therapeutic
      subgroup.

PMID- 6815612
TI  - A cytotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acts directly on the cortical thick
      ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney.
AB  - The present study examines directly the effect of a cytotoxin of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa on the in vitro perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb of the
      loop of Henle (cTAL). 25 cTAL segments were perfused at high rate. The open
      circuit transepithelial electrical PD (PDte) and the specific electrical
      transepithelial resistance (Rt) were recorded continuously. From PDte/Rt the
      equivalent short circuit current (Isc) was calculated. The Isc was 214 +/- 30 mu
      A.cm-2 under control conditions, and decreased significantly to 74 +/- 34 mu A.cm
      2 60 s after the addition of toxin (2 mg.1(-1)) to the lumen perfusate.
      Microscopic observation and photographs taken at that time clearly indicated
      swelling of the cTAL cells. Thereafter inhibition of active transport proceeded
      further, Rt fell progressively, and cells started to desquamate from the basement
      membrane. This effect of the toxin was dose dependent, and was half maximal at
      approximately 1.2 mg.1(-1). From the bath side the effect was less marked and
      higher doses of toxin had to be used (half maximal effect at 5 mg.1(-1)). We
      conclude that this toxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exerts its toxic effect on the
      cTAL segment by increasing primarily the permeability of the lumen membrane.

PMID- 6815614
TI  - [Sodium valproate and changes in hemostasis].

PMID- 6815613
TI  - Evidence for an osmotic effect of glucose in the in vivo rat proximal tubule.
AB  - A series of micropuncture experiments were performed to assess whether phlorizin
      inhibition of proximal tubular glucose reabsorption inhibits proximal tubular
      fluid reabsorption due to a change in the transepithelial osmotic gradient for
      glucose. End proximal tubular filtrate reabsorption was measured, control vs
      experimental, in the same rat. The effects of infusing phlorizin in one group
      were compared to those of graded small infusions of mannitol in a second group of
      rats. In the phlorizin series tubular fluid and peripheral plasma were analyzed
      for glucose. Net renal sodium and renal oxygen consumption were measured in these
      same rats. In the mannitol series tubular fluid and peripheral plasma mannitol
      concentrations were determined. The results show that phlorizin inhibits proximal
      tubular fluid and glucose reabsorption without changing renal oxygen consumption.
      Mannitol inhibits proximal fluid reabsorption per unit transepithelial
      concentration difference to the same extent as does glucose during phlorizin
      infusion. We interpret these data as most consistent with the conclusion that the
      reduction in proximal tubular fluid reabsorption during phlorizin infusion is
      primarily due to the resultant change in the effective transepithelial osmotic
      gradient for glucose. Normally this gradient favors net fluid reabsorption.
      During phlorizin it favors retention of fluid in the proximal tubular lumen.

PMID- 6815616
TI  - [Oesophagitis during mechanical ventilation].
AB  - Twenty-one patients whose condition required mechanical ventilation with
      nasogastric intubation were investigated for oesophagitis before the 3rd day and
      on the 15th day of treatment, including endoscopy and biopsy. Lesions of
      oesophagitis were detected in 14 cases during the initial examination and in 19
      cases on the second endoscopy. The course of the lesions varied from one patient
      to another and appeared to be unrelated to the course of the primary disease.
      Oesophagitis in these patients is probably due to frequent episodes of gastro
      oesophageal reflux encouraged by cough, impaired consciousness and the presence
      of a tube. Reflux may also be the cause of inapparent and recurrent lung
      aspiration.

PMID- 6815615
TI  - [Denutrition of cancer patients].
AB  - Denutrition of cancer patients is a complex phenomenon involving inadequate
      calorie uptake from anorexia and metabolic disorders. The malignancy itself is
      the source of excessive energetic expenditure secondary to little known
      biological disturbances. Several effects of cytostatic drugs also contribute to
      nutritional imbalance. The need for re-establishing nutritional balance becomes
      obvious when the detrimental consequences of denutrition (particularly as regards
      immune defence mechanisms) are borne in mind. Nutritional requirements can be
      accurately determined by means of repeated simultaneous analysis of simple data.
      When oral feeding, even supplemented, appears insufficient, artificial feeding is
      capable of reducing, at least partly, the nutritional deficiency, improving the
      patient's comfort, lowering the incidence of infections and improving tolerance
      of cytostatic drugs. The effects of artificial feeding on response to these drugs
      have not yet been clearly established. Continuous enteral feeding deserves to be
      revalorized; it should be preferred to parenteral feeding when digestive
      functions remain satisfactory.

PMID- 6815617
TI  - [Gastric peroperative explosion after intestinal preparation with mannitol].

PMID- 6815618
TI  - Primary and secondary structures of Tetrahymena and aphid 5.8S rRNAs: structural
      features of 5.8S rRNA which interacts with the 28S rRNA containing the hidden
      break.
AB  - The Tetrahymena 5.8S rRNA is 154 nucleotides long, the shortest so far reported
      except for the split 5.8S rRNAs of Diptera (m5.8S plus 2S rRNA). In this molecule
      several nucleotides are deleted in the helix e (GC-rich stem) region. Upon
      constructing the secondary structure in accordance with "burp-gun" model, the
      Tetrahymena 5.8S rRNA forms a wide-open "muzzle" of the terminal regions due to
      both extra nucleotides and several unpaired bases. The aphid 5.8S rRNA consists
      of 161 nucleotides and can form stable helices in both terminal and helix e
      regions. As a whole, the secondary structure of Tetrahymena 5.8S rRNA resembles
      that of Bombyx 5.8S molecule while the aphid 5.8S rRNA shares several structural
      features with the HeLa 5.8S molecule. Likely, the 5.8S rRNA attached to the 28S
      rRNA with the hidden break differs in structure from those interacting with the
      28S partners without the break. Nucleotide sequences of 5.8S rRNA in insects as
      well as in protozoans are not so conservative evolutionarily as in vertebrates.

PMID- 6815619
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNA from a fern, Dryopteris
      acuminata.
AB  - Dryopteris acuminata chloroplasts were found to contain three species of 5S rRNAs
      with different electrophoretic mobility. The large 5S rRNA species is composed of
      122 nucleotides and its sequence is: pUAUUCUGGUGUCCCAGGCGUAGAGGAACCACAC
      CGAUCCAUCUCGAACUUGGUGGUGAAACUCUGCCGCGGUAACCA AUACUCGGGGGGGGCCCU
      GCGGAAAAAUAGCUCGAUGCCAGGAUAOH. This 5S rRNA shows high sequence homology with
      those from chloroplasts of flowering plants and from a blue-green alga, Anacystis
      nidulans.

PMID- 6815620
TI  - The transfer RNA of certain Enterobacteriacae contain 2-methylthiozeatin riboside
      (ms2io6A) an isopentenyl adenosine derivative.
AB  - Isopentenyl adenosine derivatives are always located adjacent to the 3' end of
      the anticodon in transfer RNA and have been implicated in certain biological
      functions. In the enteric bacterium, E. coli, the derivative is ms2i6A whereas in
      some plant associated bacteria the derivative is the hydroxylated form, ms2io6A.
      Anti-i6A immunoadsorbent chromatography has been employed to detect isopentenyl
      adenosine compounds. In the present study we show that the transfer RNA of three
      species of enteric bacteria, S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, and S. marcescens
      contains both ms2io6A and ms2i6A. Under the growth conditions utilized the
      ms2io6A is predominant. The presence of ms2io6A in Enterobacteriacae is
      particularly noteworthy since in previous work it has been found only in plant
      associated species of bacteria.

PMID- 6815622
TI  - The management of a patient with total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6815623
TI  - [Epidemiology and possibilities for preventing various types of occupational
      diseases in dentistry. I. Diseases of infectious origin].

PMID- 6815624
TI  - Inhibitory effect of a fat-free diet on mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - Young female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and a week later the rats were transferred from
      commercial feed to a semipurified diet containing 20% corn oil. Eight weeks after
      receiving the carcinogen, half of the rats were changed to a fat-free diet to
      determine the effects on mammary tumor growth and development. After another 20
      weeks, rats fed the fat-free diet had significantly fewer tumors per tumor
      bearing rat and the tumors were smaller than those of rats that continued on the
      high-fat diet. Rats fed the fat-free diet weighed somewhat less, but showed no
      physical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency. Tumors regressed in about
      half of the rats on the fat-free diet and in some cases became nonpalpable. After
      28 weeks on this diet, the remaining rats were transferred back to the high-fat
      diet and subsequently showed a marked stimulation in tumor growth and
      development. This continued even after the rats were returned to the fat-free
      diet 8 weeks later, indicating that the tumors were no longer susceptible to the
      deprivation of dietary fat. The results of this study provide further evidence
      that dietary fat affects the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6815625
TI  - Infectious diseases and health in Costa Rica: the development of a new paradigm.

PMID- 6815626
TI  - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and ectopic gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6815627
TI  - Once-daily treatment of stable angina pectoris.

PMID- 6815621
TI  - Isolation of the catalytic core of DNA polymerase alpha from rabbit bone marrow.
AB  - Modification of the purification procedures for rabbit bone marrow DNA polymerase
      [Byrnes, J.J., & Black, V.L. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4226-4231] has increased the
      yield and stability of the enzyme thus allowing further purification. In
      particular, the higher molecular weight form, alpha 1, has been more abundant.
      Additional purification has been obtained upon phosphocellulose and
      chromatofocusing column chromatography. SDS slab gel electrophoretic analyses of
      the eluates demonstrate a 135,000 molecular weight polypeptide in nearly pure
      form which correlates with DNA polymerase activity. Approximately 200,000 nmol of
      thymidine monophosphate is incorporated into DNA (mg of protein) -1h -1 at 37
      degrees C. Similar to DNA polymerase alpha from other sources this enzyme is an
      acidic protein, is very sensitive to aphidicolin, and has no detectable 3' to 5'
      nuculease activity.

PMID- 6815628
TI  - Rh isoimmunization following genetic amniocentesis.
AB  - A series of 8009 genetic amniocenteses were retrospectively examined to evaluate
      the relationship of the procedure to Rh isoimmunization. Of the 615 Rh negative
      women giving birth to Rh positive infants and estimated to be at risk, thirteen
      (2.1 per cent) were sensitized subsequently to the amniocentesis. Eleven of the
      sensitizations occurred early in the programs, and a combination of experience
      and ultrasound performed concurrently with the amniocentesis appear to have
      reduced the risk of isoimmunization to that of control data from the literature.

PMID- 6815629
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis by two-dimensional electrophoresis of
      amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - Amniotic fluid from 72 pregnancies at risk for mucopolysaccharidosis have been
      analysed for glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by means of two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. Definite results were obtained in all cases and required only 3
      days to report. Of the 66 cases for which GAG analysis was accompanied by enzyme
      assays on cultured amniotic fluid cells, there was agreement of results in 65. In
      the one case of disagreement the result of GAG analysis proved to be correct.
      Fourteen pregnancies were predicted to be affected and the predictions were
      confirmed by studies on fetal tissues and/or cultured cells, or in one case the
      birth of an affected infant. Of the 58 pregnancies predicted to be unaffected, 48
      have so far gone to term and produced healthy infants. There have been no false
      negative predictions. The analytical method is simple, rapid, and, in this study,
      has been found completely reliable to prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6815630
TI  - [Drop seizures in childhood].

PMID- 6815631
TI  - [Drop-seizures in adults].

PMID- 6815632
TI  - Ribosome purification by isopycnic sedimentation in high density sucrose
      gradients.
AB  - The applicability has been investigated of a method for the isolation of
      cytoplasm (and mitochondrial) ribosomes of various eukaryotes. The procedure is
      based on centrifugation techniques and includes a sedimentation of the ribosomes
      in a sucrose gradient of very high density. It was found to be particularly
      useful with material which contains relatively few ribosomes.

PMID- 6815633
TI  - Improved method for purification of membranes from spores of Bacillus Megaterium.
AB  - An improved method for spore membranes isolation was developed based on sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation in a vertical rotor. The advantage of this over
      previous methods was the complete removal of RNA and a 40% reduction in protein
      content, while retaining the high specific activities for membrane bound
      dehydrogenases and for amino acid uptake.

PMID- 6815634
TI  - [Bacillus cereus strain 147: producer of tetramethylpyrazine].

PMID- 6815635
TI  - [Purification of exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger 15].
AB  - From the preparation of xylanase of the fungus Aspergillus niger 15 exo-1,4-beta
      xylosidase was isolated by means of ethanol fractionation and chromatography on
      columns of Sephadex G-50, cellulose DE-52, Sephadex SP C-50, Sephadex G-200. The
      isolated enzyme (with the purification degree as calculated per protein 199, and
      yield with respect to activity 42.5%) was homogeneous during gel filtration,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of Na dodecyl
      sulfate, ultracentrifugation and isoelectric focusing. Exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase
      had a molecular mass of 253,000 as shown by gel filtration and 122,000 as shown
      by Na dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; its sedimentation
      coefficient was 10.6 S and isoelectric point was pI 4.9. The specific activity of
      the homogeneous enzyme was 35.2 u./mg protein with respect to p-nitrophenyl-beta
      D-xylopyranoside and 30.2 u./mg protein with respect to xylobiose.

PMID- 6815636
TI  - [Effect of thyroliberin on the prolactin and thyrotropic and somatotropic hormone
      content of the blood plasma in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Twelve men, aged 17 to 43 years, with insulin-depending diabetes mellitus were
      examined during the decompensation stage. The patients were divided into 2
      groups, depending on the disease duration. The stage of the hypothalamic
      hypophyseal system was evaluated according to the blood plasma STH, TTH and
      prolactin levels and after intravenous injection of the Soviet thyroliberin
      (TRH). A significant increase in the basal prolactin level is seen in the group
      of patients with prolonged insulin-depending diabetes during the decompensation
      stage. The blood plasma STH content rises in this group of patients after
      intravenous STH injection. The data obtained testify that the changes in
      somatotropic and prolactotropic hypophyseal functions occur in the patients with
      prolonged insulin-depending diabetes mellitus within the decompensation stage.

PMID- 6815637
TI  - [Gonadotropic regulation of androgen-producing ovarian tumors].
AB  - As a result of the study of the LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone content in
      the blood of patients with androgen-producing ovarian tumors and LH-tumor tissue
      binding in vitro, it was detected that the gonadotropic hormone content may be
      low, normal and high. The testosterone level does not correlate with LH, FSH and
      prolactin concentration. LH-receptor binding is disturbed in the androgen
      producing tumor tissue and hormone presence is not necessary to maintain androgen
      secretion by the tumor.

PMID- 6815638
TI  - [Thyroliberin and its importance in thyroid diseases].

PMID- 6815639
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of the 2d-generation
      sulfonylurea preparations maninil and diamicron in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Glycemia level and diurnal glucosuria were studied in the morning, afternoon and
      evening in a group of 27 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before
      and after diamicron therapy for 1.5 to 3 months. A similar investigation was
      performed in a group of 20 patients, suffering from diabetes mellitus of the
      second type before and following maninil treatment during 1.5 to 2 months. It was
      shown that diamicron exerts a more pronounced sugar-lowering effect in comparison
      with that of maninil. It promotes stable glycemia development and should take an
      appropriate place among hypoglycemics used now in diabetology.

PMID- 6815640
TI  - [Metabolism in hypodynamia].

PMID- 6815641
TI  - [Express method of determining the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      using a liquid culture medium and a rotating thermostat].

PMID- 6815642
TI  - [Various biological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in
      silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 6815643
TI  - [Microbiological aspects of recurrences of silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 6815645
TI  - [Bacteriological examination for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with
      chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 6815644
TI  - [Role of biological assay in the detection of "latent" bacteria release during
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 6815646
TI  - Female urethra.

PMID- 6815648
TI  - Opal suppressor serine tRNAs from bovine liver form phosphoseryl-tRNA.
AB  - An unusual minor species of bovine liver serine tRNA has previously been
      isolated, sequenced, and found to suppress the UGA termination codon in protein
      synthesis in vitro [Diamond, A., Dudock, B. & Hatfield, D. (1981) Cell 25, 497
      506]. We have now found that this tRNA can be a substrate in a specific
      phosphorylation reaction in which phosphoseryl-tRNA is formed. Moreover, bovine
      liver contains a second UGA suppressor serine tRNA (tRNASerNCA; N is a modified
      nucleoside) which also forms phosphoseryl-tRNA. The nucleotide sequence and
      coding properties of tRNASerNCA are presented.

PMID- 6815649
TI  - Evidence that a reducible xylosyl-lysine is the protein linkage of dermatan
      sulfate.
AB  - Dermatan sulfate, purified by standard methods, displayed one spot at the
      position of the standard after two-dimensional cellulose acetate electrophoresis
      and was 99% in GalN, 21.5% in sulfate, and 0.6% in protein; Gal and Xyl (2:1)
      were the only neutral sugars detected. Its glucuronic acid/iduronic acid ratio
      was 0.15 and its Mr was approximately equal to 16,000. On reaction with 0.4 M
      NaOH, its reducing group(s) determined as Glc increased by 71% with concomitant
      separation of protein and polysaccharide and no alteration of the amino acids;
      when this reaction was repeated in the presence of 0.3 M NaBH4, only 31% of Lys
      was detected by standard amino acid analysis and none by TLC of the dansylated
      amino acids; alkaline cleavage in these conditions yielded only 30% of the
      original Xyl, xylitol, and a ninhydrin-positive substance different from GalN,
      which had the retention time of xylitol on Affi-Gel 601 and was also obtained
      from reduction of dermatan sulfate with a 400-eq excess of Na3BH4 in water under
      conditions that did not cleave the dermatan sulfate-protein bond. The data
      indicate that a reducible xylosyl-lysine is the protein linkage of dermatan
      sulfate from calf ligamentum nuchae.

PMID- 6815647
TI  - Heat shock and recovery are mediated by different translational mechanisms.
AB  - When Drosophila cells are shifted from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C, protein
      synthesis is rapidly redirected from the complex pattern characteristic of normal
      growth to the simple pattern of heat shock proteins (HSPs). On return to 25
      degrees C, synthesis of normal proteins is gradually reactivated and that of HSPs
      is repressed. In quantifying many different recovery experiments, we found that
      preexisting mRNAs always behaved as a cohort, with messages for different
      proteins returning to translation at the same rate. Heat shock mRNAs (HS mRNAs),
      on the other hand, never behaved as a cohort. Their repression was asynchronous,
      with translation of hsp70 always the first and translation of hsp82 always the
      last to be repressed. Although recovery times varied enormously (depending on the
      severity of the heat treatment), repression of hsp70 was always correlated with
      restoration of normal synthesis, suggesting a link between the two events, hsp70
      repression was not simply due to competition with reactivated 25 degrees C mRNAs.
      A general decline in the translation efficiency of hsp70 mRNA was not observed.
      Instead, an increasing number of messages were translationally inactivated, while
      those remaining in the translational pool retained full ribosome loading. Unlike
      inactive 25 degrees C mRNAs, which are stable during heat shock, inactive HSP
      mRNAs are degraded during recovery.

PMID- 6815650
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone mobilizes Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum and
      mitochondria of GH3 pituitary cells: characterization of cellular Ca2+ pools by a
      method based on digitonin permeabilization.
AB  - Treatment of 45Ca2+-loaded GH3 pituitary cells with various concentrations of
      digitonin revealed discrete pools (I and II) of cellular 45Ca2+ defined by
      differing detergent sensitivities. Markers for cytosol and intracellular
      organelles indicated that the two 45Ca2+ pools were correlated with the two major
      cellular Ca2+-sequestering organelles, endoplasmic reticulum (I) and mitochondria
      (II). Studies with various inhibitors were consistent with these assignments.
      Mitochondrial uncouplers preferentially depleted 45Ca2+ pool II while
      trifluoperazine selectively depleted 45Ca2+ pool I. Control experiments indicated
      that translocation of in situ organellar 45Ca2+ during and after permeabilization
      was negligible. We used the digitonin-permeabilization method to examine the
      effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) treatment on intracellular Ca2+
      pools of GH3 pituitary cells. TRH was found to rapidly deplete both endoplasmic
      reticulum and mitochondrial exchangeable Ca2+ by 25-30%. The 45Ca2+ loss from
      both pools was maximal by 1 min after TRH addition and was followed by a recovery
      phase; mitochondrial 45Ca2+ content returned to control levels by 30 min.
      Previous treatment of cells with the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone blocked TRH-induced 45Ca2+ efflux from
      mitochondria, while previous treatment with valinomycin, an agent that depleted
      both 45Ca2+ pools, blocked any additional effect of TRH on these pools. We
      conclude that TRH rapidly promotes a net loss of exchangeable Ca2+ from GH3 cells
      as a result of hormone-induced mobilization of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum
      and mitochondria.

PMID- 6815652
TI  - Normal coordinate analysis of the copper center of azurin and the assignment of
      its resonance Raman spectrum.
AB  - Normal coordinate analysis that utilizes a general valence force field and the
      Wilson FG matrix method has been applied to several structural models
      representing the active site of the blue copper protein, azurin. The models
      included tetrahedral and square planar CuN2SS', trigonal CuN2S, and trigonal
      bipyramidal CuN2SS'O structures in which the Ns are imidazole nitrogens of
      histidines, S is the thiolate sulfur of cysteine, S' is the thioether sulfur of
      methionine, and O is a peptide carbonyl oxygen. For constant Cu--ligand bond
      lengths and initial force constants, the force field was refined against the most
      intense of the observed frequencies (424, 404, 369, and 261 cm-1) in the
      resonance Raman spectrum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin. The most satisfactory
      fit between observed and calculated frequencies occurs for tetrahedral and
      trigonal structures. The calculations provide detailed assignments for the
      resonance Raman spectrum of azurin and reveal considerable mixing of Cu--S(Cys)
      and Cu--N(His) vibrational modes. The trigonal model is favored because it is
      shown that the approximately equal to 260-cm-1 vibration is an invariant feature
      in the resonance Raman spectra of blue copper proteins, even those lacking a
      methionine in the vicinity of the copper atom. The present analysis ascribes the
      high frequencies of the Cu--ligand stretching modes and the resonance enhancement
      to the coupled nature of their vibrations and the Franck-Condon overlaps with
      predominant (Cys)S leads to Cu(II) charge transfer bands in the visible region.

PMID- 6815651
TI  - cDNA clone for the heavy chain of the human B cell alloantigen DC1: strong
      sequence homology to the HLA-DR heavy chain.
AB  - A cDNA library has been constructed from a B cell mRNA fraction enriched for HLA
      DR sequences, and cDNA clones corresponding to sequences specifically expressed
      in B lymphocytes have been isolated by a differential screening procedure.
      Analysis of these clones with probes specific for the HLA-DR heavy chain gene
      allowed the characterization of HLA-DR heavy chain-related sequences. One clone,
      pDCH1, was demonstrated to encode the DC1 heavy chain because the amino acid
      sequence predicted from its nucleotide sequence matches eight out of nine
      residues available for comparison in the amino-terminal sequence of the DC1 heavy
      chain. The heavy chain of the DC1 alloantigen is composed of 232 amino acids and
      can be divided into two external domains, alpha 1 (amino acids 1-87) and alpha 2
      (amino acids 88-181), a connecting peptide (amino acids 182-194), a hydrophobic
      transmembrane region (amino acids 195-217), and an intracytoplasmic region (amino
      acids 218-232). Comparison with the HLA-DR heavy chain reveals strong sequence
      homology in the second external Ig-like domain (alpha 2) and the transmembrane
      region. In contrast, the first external domain, the connecting peptide, and the
      intracytoplasmic region are less conserved.

PMID- 6815653
TI  - Open reading frame cloning: identification, cloning, and expression of open
      reading frame DNA.
AB  - A plasmid was constructed that facilitates the cloning and expression of open
      reading frame DNA. A DNA fragment containing a bacterial promoter and the amino
      terminus of the cI gene of bacteriophage lambda was fused to an amino-terminally
      deleted version of the lacZ gene. An appropriate cloning site was inserted
      between these two fragments such that a frameshift mutation was introduced
      upstream of the lacZ-encoding DNA. This cloning vehicle produces a relatively low
      level of beta-galactosidase activity when introduced into Escherichia coli. The
      insertion of foreign DNA at the cloning site can reverse the frameshift mutation
      and generate plasmids that produce a relatively high level of beta-galactosidase
      activity. A large fraction of these plasmids produce a fusion protein that has a
      portion of the lambda cI protein at the amino terminus, the foreign protein
      segment in the middle, and the lacZ polypeptide at the carboxyl terminus. The
      production of a high level of beta-galactosidase and a large fusion polypeptide
      guarantees the cloning of a DNA fragment with at least one open reading frame
      that traverses the entirety of the fragment. Hence, the method can identify,
      clone, and express (as part of a larger fusion polypeptide) open reading frame
      DNA from among a large collection of DNA fragments.

PMID- 6815654
TI  - Expression of Ia-like antigens by human vascular endothelial cells is inducible
      in vitro: demonstration by monoclonal antibody binding and immunoprecipitation.
AB  - The expression of Ia-like antigens by cultured human endothelial cells has been
      investigated by means of monoclonal antibody binding to intact cells and by
      immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated membrane proteins. Primary growing and
      confluent cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium express little, if any,
      detectable Ia-like antigens under standard culture conditions. However, treatment
      of primary cultures with the lectin phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of
      Ia-like antigens. This action of the lectin uniformly affects all the endothelial
      cells in a culture, does not depend on cell division, and is associated with a
      cell shape change. The data presented in this report provide unequivocal
      serological and biochemical demonstration of Ia-like antigens on human vascular
      endothelial cells. The fact that the expression of Ia-like antigens by
      endothelium can be induced may have important implications for organ
      transplantation and for regulation of the immunological response.

PMID- 6815655
TI  - Primary structure of the immunoglobulin J chain from the mouse.
AB  - The primary structure of the murine J chain was investigated by sequence analysis
      of the J chain cDNA inserts from two independently cloned chimeric plasmids. The
      sequence data showed that (i) the two cDNA inserts accounted for all but
      approximately 100 5' nucleotides of the J chain mRNA and (ii) the J chain mRNA
      encodes a prepeptide of at least 23 amino acids, a mature protein of 137
      residues, and an untranslated 3' region of 707 nucleotides exclusive of the 3'
      poly(A) tract. The amino acid sequence deduced for the mature mouse J chain was
      found to be 74% identical with that previously determined for the human J chain.
      By analyzing the conserved features of the sequence, a two-domain structure was
      generated for the J chain which correlates well with its functions in the
      polymerization of IgM and IgA. Moreover, by comparing the homologies of the J and
      heavy chains in mouse and man, evidence was obtained that the structures involved
      in polymerization are the most conserved elements of immunoglobulin molecules.

PMID- 6815656
TI  - Cloning and sequence determination of the gene for the human immunoglobulin
      epsilon chain expressed in a myeloma cell line.
AB  - Messenger RNA has been isolated from cells of the human myeloma line 266BL which
      synthesizes IgE of the myeloma ND. A fraction enriched in mRNA for the epsilon
      heavy chain was copied into DNA and the DNA was cloned in Escherichia coli. A
      chemically synthesized oligonucleotide probe, based on the experimentally
      determined sequence of the specific message, was used to screen colonies. The
      largest epsilon chain cDNA cloned, 2.0 kilobases, was characterized by
      restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence analysis. It appears to encode
      the complete amino acid sequence of the epsilon chain, including a signal peptide
      at the NH2 terminus as well as untranslated sequences at the 5' and 3' ends of
      the mRNA. The missing part of the previously published amino acid sequence of the
      ND epsilon chain was determined from the DNA sequence.

PMID- 6815657
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a renotropic fraction from ovine
      pituitaries.
AB  - It has been previously established that hypophysectomy leads to renal atrophy in
      rats and that a crude pituitary-derived fraction is effective in restoring kidney
      weight to the level expected for intact animals of the same body weight. This
      paper reports that considerable purification of the crude renotropic fraction
      from ovine pituitaries has been achieved and that the purified fraction is
      capable of restoring kidney weights of hypophysectomized castrated rats to normal
      values. For example, after five daily subcutaneous injections (135
      micrograms/day) there were significant increases in dry kidney weight and total
      renal protein and DNA. The pituitary-derived fraction was devoid of somatotropin,
      contained only trace amounts of corticotropin, gamma-lipotropin, vasopressin, and
      prolactin, and had only low levels of thyrotropin and follitropin. Daily
      injections of prolactin, thyrotropin, and follitropin in doses of 20 micrograms
      each failed to stimulate renal growth in hypophysectomized rats. Thus, it seems
      highly unlikely that these factors are responsible for the observed renal
      hyperplasia after treatment with the pituitary fraction. The purified renotropic
      fraction had an isoelectric pH between 8 and 9. On polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of detergent and a reducing agent, the renotropic
      fraction exhibited two major bands and one minor band with mobilities that
      corresponded to those of a standard lutropin preparation. The renotropic fraction
      exhibited considerable crossreactivity with an antiserum directed against the
      lutropin alpha subunit, suggesting the presence of the common glycoprotein
      hormone subunit. Moreover, the purified fraction stimulated steroid production by
      Leydig tumor cells in vitro. It is noteworthy, however, that standard ovine
      lutropin at 135 micrograms/day failed to exhibit renotropic activity in
      hypophysectomized castrated rats, although effects were noted at twice that dose.
      It appears that the renotropic activity represents a pituitary substance that can
      be separated from lutropin only with difficulty.

PMID- 6815659
TI  - Lactate generation by liver in hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 6815658
TI  - Effect of metabolic acidosis on hydrogen ion excretion in a pigtail macaque with
      erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I deficiency.

PMID- 6815660
TI  - Isolation and properties of spectrin protomers.

PMID- 6815661
TI  - Assembly of membrane proteins.

PMID- 6815662
TI  - Brain and nutrition: the role of taurine.

PMID- 6815663
TI  - A role for calmodulin in the activation of adenylate cyclase by vasopressin.

PMID- 6815664
TI  - Bioavailability of lithium carbonate and lithium citrate: a comparison of two
      controlled-release preparations.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of two marketed controlled-release lithium preparations,
      lithium carbonate ('Priadel') and lithium citrate ('Litarex'), were compared in 5
      normal volunteers in a crossover design using identical doses (27.2 mmol
      lithium). Although the total bioavailability of the two preparations was similar,
      the peak serum lithium achieved was significantly lower with the lithium citrate
      than with the lithium carbonate preparation.

PMID- 6815666
TI  - GABAergic influences on defensive fighting in rats.
AB  - The involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in shock-induced defensive fighting in
      rats was investigated in a series of three experiments. In Experiment 1, sodium n
      dipropylacetate (100-200 mg/kg) failed to produce significant behavioural change
      whilst gamma-vinyl-GABA (100-200 mg/kg) induced a selective and dose-dependent
      reduction in fighting. In Experiment 2, although inconsistent behavioural effects
      were obtained with (+)-bicuculline (0.25-4 mg/kg), a biphasic influence on
      defensive fighting was observed with picrotoxin (0.125-2 mg/kg). The inhibitory
      effect on fighting, induced by the highest dose of picrotoxin, was related to
      motor impairment. In Experiment 3, muscimol reduced fighting at doses above 0.25
      mg/kg with motor disruption evident only at the highest dose used (1 mg/kg). A
      dose-dependent inhibition of defensive fighting was observed with 1-baclofen
      (0.15-1.2 mg/kg) which, at the highest dose tested, also impaired motor
      coordination. None of the compounds tested significantly altered shock
      thresholds. Results are discussed in relation to the hypothesized inhibitory role
      of GABA in the mediation of aggressive behaviours.

PMID- 6815665
TI  - Morphine enhances high-affinity choline uptake in mouse striatum.
AB  - The effects of morphine (2 mg/kg-60 mg/kg) on cholinergic neuronal activity were
      examined by the method of high-affinity, Na+-dependent [3H]choline uptake into
      synaptosomes isolated from mouse corpus striatum. Acute administration of
      analgesic doses of morphine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) significantly stimulated choline
      uptake into synaptosomes in a naloxone-reversible manner. When synaptosomes were
      directly exposed to pharmacologically effective concentrations of morphine (0.1
      microM-10.0 microM) in vitro however, choline transport was not significantly
      different from control transport, suggesting that morphine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg)
      does not stimulate choline uptake by a direct effect on the cholinergic nerve
      terminal. The possibility that acute morphine administration indirectly enhances
      striatal cholinergic neuronal activity by inhibiting dopaminergic function was
      supported pharmacologically since the dopaminergic agonists, apomorphine (10
      mg/kg) or amantadine (50 mg/kg), reversed the stimulatory effect of morphine on
      choline uptake. High-affinity choline transport into synaptosomes was not
      significantly different from control uptake in response to a sub-analgesic dose
      of morphine (2 mg/kg) or in response to 60 mg/kg, a dose that elicited
      hypermotility. These data suggest that analgesic doses of morphine may indirectly
      enhance cholinergic neuronal activity in the mouse corpus striatum.

PMID- 6815667
TI  - Blockade of 3-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline induced seizures by diazepam and the
      benzodiazepine antagonists, Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216.
AB  - The benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 blocked the clonic and
      tonic convulsions elicited by 3-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline (beta-CCM). The PD50
      values for Ro 15-1788, CGS 8216, and diazepam were: 2.0, 0.6, and 2.0 mg/kg,
      respectively. Neither Ro 15-1788 nor CGS 8216 potentiated the effect of a
      threshold convulsant dose of beta-CCM. Moreover, these benzodiazepine antagonists
      neither attenuated nor potentiated the tremorigenic actions of another beta
      carboline, harmaline. Diazepam, however, considerably reduced the tremorigenic
      actions of this drug.

PMID- 6815669
TI  - Anticonvulsant potency of unmetabolized diazepam.
AB  - The anticonvulsant potencies of diazepam and its metabolites desmethyldiazepam
      and oxazepam against convulsions elicited by intravenous injection of
      pentetrazole were determined in mice at times from 1-30 min after intravenous
      administration. Diazepam had its maximal potency (ED50 0.53 mumol/kg) at 1 min
      when only traces of desmethyldiazepam could be detected in plasma and brain.
      During the next 30 min, the drug was rapidly transformed to desmethyldiazepam and
      oxazepam, and its anticonvulsant ED50 rose by a factor of about 4. From the
      concentrations in brain at 50% protection, a potency ratio of 1.0:0.37:0.33 could
      be calculated for diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and oxazepam.

PMID- 6815668
TI  - Differences between the effect of tolbutamide and Ca2+-ionophores on Ca2+ efflux
      from pancreatic beta-cells.

PMID- 6815671
TI  - Modified gravitational field and lactate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - The paper deals with the effects of the gravitational field investigated either
      by hypokinesia with corresponding diminution of muscle solicitation, or by
      centrifugation, that is by rise of gravitational solicitation, on lactate
      dehydrogenase activity of rats. After 7 days of hypokinesia the activity of
      lactate dehydrogenase is significantly changed by the elevation of LDH5
      isoenzyme, both in serum and in myocardium. The enhancement is by 40% in serum
      and by 30% in myocardium against the control group. In centrifuged rats the
      enhancement of LDH5 isozyme is much lesser than in hypokinetic rats, that is by
      18% in myocardium and by 20% in serum against the control group. The total of all
      LDH1-5 isozymes was found in cardiac muscle of both hypokinetic, centrifuged and
      control group. In serum only two fractions LDH2 and LDH5 isozymes appear both in
      hypokinetic, centrifuged and control group.

PMID- 6815670
TI  - [Influence of hyperglycemia and of insulin on the masseteric monosynaptic reflex
      of the cat].

PMID- 6815672
TI  - Experimental researches regarding the metabolic changes determined by the
      prolonged exposure to light or by keeping in darkness.
AB  - The authors conducted complex investigations in the domain of the intermediary
      metabolism under experimental conditions on 24 dogs grouped into three lots: lot
      A, twelve dogs, exposed for six months to the action of continuous light; lot B,
      six dogs, maintained in darkness; lot C, six dogs, maintained for the same period
      in the animal house, getting the same food as the other two lots, which are the
      control lot. We determined some biochemical, hematological, enzymatical
      parameters, before the beginning of the experiment, and after 24 hours, 48 hours,
      7, 14 and 21 days, one, two, three, six months. Then the animals were sacrificed,
      and fragments from the aorta, coronary vessels, myocardium, brain, adrenals,
      pancreas and liver were examined both on the optical and on the electronic
      microscope and we analysed some fats from the vascular tissues. The net decrease
      of proteinemia with lot A was registered, concomitantly with a net decrease of
      serumalbumins, of the alpha 1-globulins and of the gamma-globulins, and with a
      rise of the alpha 2- and beta-globulins. The values of glycemia increased with
      lot A, and less with lot B. The thrombocytes decreased obviously with lot A, and
      less with lot B. GPT decreased with lot A, and GOT increased. The serum Zn
      decreased slowly with lot A, and more irregularly but more obviously with lot B.
      The serum Cu increased with lot A, and decreased with lot B. Alterations on the
      level of arterioles from the brain, aorta, myocardium and pancreas were
      evidenced, as well as electronmicroscopical alterations of the arteriolar walls
      and of the cellular organelles. The lipids from the brain, aorta and myocardium
      increased with both of the experimental lots and so did the cerebrosides,
      lecithins and the sphyngomyelin.

PMID- 6815673
TI  - [The dynamics of cardiac contraction evaluated as a function of the systolic and
      diastolic time intervals].

PMID- 6815674
TI  - [Demonstration of HBsAg in histological sections obtained by hepatic punch
      biopsies in patients with chronic hepatic diseases].

PMID- 6815675
TI  - [100th anniversary of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus. The life and
      work of Robert Koch].

PMID- 6815676
TI  - [Use of culture media containing pyruvic acid for the cultivation of M.
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815677
TI  - Protein calorie malnutrition in the hospitalized elderly.

PMID- 6815678
TI  - [Incidence of electroencephalographic findings in children with stuttering
      compared to healthy children of the same age].
AB  - Results obtained in a single encephalography examination of 79 stuttering and 143
      healthy children, both 7 to 10 years old, were compared. While the difference in
      the frequency between the two groups with respect to focal findings without peak
      potentials and a focal and generalised tendency to attacks could not be
      substantiated, 29.1 per cent of all children in the group of stutterers showed a
      background activity that was too slow for their age. This finding is interpreted
      as an expression of delayed development which, because of a psychic compensation
      capacity not corresponding to the age of the test person, offers a favourable
      basic condition for the development of stuttering. The danger of a
      misinterpretation of electroencephalographic findings obtained from specific
      study groups without comparison with a normal population is pointed out.

PMID- 6815680
TI  - Merton Gill. Interview by Joseph Reppen.

PMID- 6815679
TI  - [Neonatal anorexia. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6815681
TI  - Therapeutic techniques for the treatment of certain infantile personality
      disorders in ego disturbed children.
AB  - This paper has discussed certain ego disturbed children of preschool and school
      age with infantile personality disorders. Although these children do not form a
      sharp diagnostic category, it is of clinical importance to differentiate them
      both from the neuroses and from other more serious ego disorders. These
      predominantly infantile children suffer chronic ego arrest and deviations as well
      as some degree of internal conflicts. Reality adaptation is characteristically
      distorted, ego defenses imbalanced, and social relations aberrant. Unlike some
      other borderline types, however, these children have no significant potential for
      psychosis. They are not prone to panicky anxiety attacks, or to psychoticlike ego
      regressions or withdrawal. Ego disturbed children with infantile personality
      disorders pose certain typical problems of therapeutic technique. They do not
      possess the ego strength for classical analysis, nor are they suitable candidates
      for a purely supportive or nurturing treatment. I have argued that the particular
      psychopathology of these children requires a form of corrective developmental
      treatment in which the therapist plays a flexible role and uses a combination of
      techniques corresponding to the child's progressive ego development. Early in
      treatment primarily supportive and nurturing techniques are used to promote a
      corrective identification and strengthen the defenses. As treatment proceeds,
      however, selected interpretations are introduced to modify the internal conflicts
      that block personality integration and development. Especially important are the
      mobilization and interpretation of hostile aggression. In the later treatment
      phases the therapist becomes increasingly more frustrating to the child's
      infantile wishes, encouraging reality adaptation and social maturation. The
      various shifts in therapeutic technique create resistances whose interpretation
      and working through are integral to the treatment process and cure.

PMID- 6815683
TI  - The therapeutic fantasy of psychohistorian.

PMID- 6815682
TI  - Annals of psychoanalysis: Ella Freeman Sharpe.

PMID- 6815684
TI  - Lacan's view of language and being.

PMID- 6815685
TI  - Ego and subject in Lacan.

PMID- 6815686
TI  - The clinical application of Lacan in the psychoanalytic situation.

PMID- 6815687
TI  - Stavrogin's motivation: love and suicide.

PMID- 6815689
TI  - Misusing psychiatric models: the culture of narcissism.

PMID- 6815688
TI  - Communication in psychoanalysis-developmental antecedents.

PMID- 6815690
TI  - Acute treatment with trimethyltin alters alcohol self-selection.
AB  - Male rats of the Long-Evans strain were divided into two equal groups of nine
      each and given either 7.0 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) or 0.9% saline by intragastric
      gavage. The pattern of self-selection of alcohol in concentrations of 3%--30% was
      examined in both groups at 21 and 150 days following the gavage. The TMT-treated
      rat consistently drank less alcohol than did the controls at every concentration
      of alcohol. This difference in alcohol intake was equally significant when the
      rats were tested in a food-contingent, schedule-induced polydipsia situation.
      Further, although the TMT-lesioned animal consumed fewer calories per day in the
      form of alcohol, their overall daily caloric intakes were slightly higher than
      those of the controls. These results are interpreted as a consequence of damage
      to structures of the forebrain and as part of a syndrome of behavioral and
      neurological pathology.

PMID- 6815691
TI  - A liquid chromatographic method for quantitating amitriptyline in brain tissue.
AB  - A previously reported method for measuring tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) in
      plasma was modified to measure TCA, specifically amitriptyline (AMI) and
      nortriptyline (NOR) in rat brain tissue. Brains obtained from drug-free and AMI
      treated rats were extracted and assayed using a Waters high-performance liquid
      chromatograph. Drug-free brain tissue contained no substances which interfered
      with the assay of these TCAs. Drug recovery averaged 90 +/- 3.4% (mean +/- SEM).
      Seven intra-run assays of a spiked brain tissue sample yielded coefficients of
      variation of 2.7% for AMI and 1.8% for NOR. Seven inter-run assays of the same
      sample varied 4.2% for AMI and 3.5% for NOR. Five separate assays of a brain
      homogenate sample spiked with 50 ng/ml of drug yielded values of 50 +/- 2.1 SEM
      ng/ml for AMI and 54 +/- 1.1 SEM ng/ml for NOR. Standard curves were linear when
      constructed from samples in a concentration range of 250--3,000 ng/g wet weight
      tissue (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6815692
TI  - Brain concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants: single-dose kinetics and
      relationship to plasma concentrations in chronically dosed rats.
AB  - A previously reported method of measuring tricyclic antidepressant concentrations
      in brain tissue and plasma was used to measure amitriptyline (AMI) in rats
      following drug administration using different routes, doses, and time intervals.
      In rats given AMI intraperitoneally (IP), brain concentrations increased during
      the first 30 min after drug administration and then declined. Brain
      concentrations increased linearly with changes in IP dosage and increased
      logarithmically with changes in intravenous dosage. No simple relationship
      existed between brain and plasma concentrations in acutely dosed rats. However, a
      linear relationship existed between plasma and brain concentrations in
      chronically treated animals (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001). The brain:plasma drug
      ratios observed in chronically treated rats corresponded to ratios reported in
      man. Thus, conclusions drawn from these studies can probably be extrapolated to
      the clinical situation. Based on our data, the molar concentration of drug
      achieved on therapeutic doses is 10(-5)--10(-6) M. This information may aid in
      understanding the clinical relevance of in vitro drug: receptor binding studies
      which are typically reported in molar concentrations.

PMID- 6815693
TI  - Discriminative, disinhibitory, and depressant effects of several anticonvulsants.
AB  - The discriminative attributes of drugs were used to assess the degree to which
      several anticonvulsants have behavioral effects resembling those of
      pentobarbital. Rats were trained to make alternative responses to obtain water,
      depending on whether they had been injected IP with pentobarbital (10 mg/kg) or
      saline 10 min before the session. The pentobarbital response was chosen in tests
      with phenobarbital, dimethylphenobarbital, or methsuximide in the anticonvulsant
      dosage range. Increasing doses increased the percentage pentobarbital choice.
      Response rate was generally increased by doses that increased percentage of
      pentobarbital choice. The rats predominantly chose the saline response when
      administered phenytoin, primidone, or phenylethylmalondiamide, even at doses that
      were sufficiently high to reduce the response rate. The results suggest that
      different types of depressant effects are associated with the anticonvulsants
      tested.

PMID- 6815694
TI  - Factors involved in the differential response to ethanol, barbital and
      pentobarbital in rats selectively bred for ethanol sensitivity.
AB  - Two lines of rats, 'least affected' (LA) and 'most affected' (MA), had been
      selectively bred for their differential sensitivity to ethanol. Both males and
      females of the LA strain were observed to be less sensitive than their MA
      counterparts to the acute hypnotic and motor-impairing effects of ethanol.
      However, a lower ethanol metabolic rate of the MA males suggests that both CNS
      and metabolic factors contribute to their enhanced sensitivity to ethanol. By
      contrast, no differences were observed between the LA and MA males with respect
      to the hypnotic and subhypnotic effects of pentobarbital or to the clearance of
      this drug. MA females were more sensitive only to the hypnotic effects of
      pentobarbital, probably because of a smaller apparent volume of distribution. No
      strain difference was observed in the hypnotic effect or clearance of barbital.
      These observations suggest that, in spite of a differential sensitivity to
      ethanol, the LA and MA lines do not differ in their response to the barbiturates
      tested.

PMID- 6815696
TI  - Pharmaco-EEG study of 6-azamianserin (ORG 3770): dissociation of EEG and
      pharmacologic predictors of antidepressant activity.
AB  - The effects of a single oral dose of 6-azamianserin (2 mg) were compared to those
      of mianserin (6 mg), flurazepam (10 mg), and placebo in 11 healthy male
      volunteers, in a crossover design. Quantitative EEG, heart rate, blood pressure,
      task performance, and subjective state were measured. EEG and behavioral measures
      distinguished the substances from placebo. 6-Azamianserin was similar to
      mianserin in type and duration of effects. In a separate study in 12 volunteers,
      0.5 and 1.0 mg of the (+) and (-) enantiomers of 6-azamianserin elicited dose
      related EEG and behavioral effects, distinguishable from placebo. These effects
      were similar to those elicited by racemic 6-azamianserin and mianserin. Clinical
      trials of 6-azamianserin in depressed patients, particularly the elderly and
      those with cardiovascular disease, are warranted. Dosages selected should be one
      third those of mianserin. The stereospecific properties of the enantiomers in
      preclinical tests predict that any clinical 'antidepressant' activity will reside
      in the (+) isomer only, while the pharmaco-EEG trials predict that both
      enantiomers will be clinically 'antidepressant'. Clinical testing of the isomers,
      particularly the (-) isomer, is indicated as a test of the predictive value of
      pharmacologic and pharmaco-EEG models of clinical antidepressant activity.

PMID- 6815695
TI  - The effect of IV L-tryptophan on prolactin, growth hormone, and mood in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of increased CNS serotonergic function in humans
      on prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and mood, IV L-tryptophan (TRP) was
      administered to ten healthy subjects. The TRP infusion induced robust increases
      in PRL in all ten subjects. A significant increase in GH concentration was also
      observed, although the response was more variable. The subjects reported feeling
      significantly more 'high', 'mellow', and 'drowsy' following the TRP infusion in
      comparison to placebo. These findings indicate an important role for serotonin in
      PRL and GH secretion, as well as in mood regulation. The IV TRP challenge may be
      of use in the study of serotonergic function in a variety of neurologic and
      psychiatric diseases.

PMID- 6815697
TI  - Opposite effects of chlordiazepoxide and serotonin receptor antagonists on
      morphine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice.
AB  - Chlordiazepoxide and two serotonin receptor antagonists showed opposite effects
      when tested for their influence on morphine-induced locomotor stimulation in
      mice. Chlordiazepoxide enhanced morphine-induced hyperactivity, which was
      antagonized by cyproheptadine and mianserin. The results indicate that the
      enhancement of morphine-induced locomotor stimulation is not attributable to an
      antiserotonergic action of the benzodiazepine compound.

PMID- 6815698
TI  - Effects of chlordiazepoxide and imipramine on maze patrolling within two
      different maze configurations by psychogenetically selected lines of rats.
AB  - Male rats of two lines of rats psychogenetically selected and bred for extremes
      in performance in shuttle box avoidance received an acute IP injection of
      chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg), imipramine HCl (IMI: 0.33, 1.0, or
      3.0 mg/kg), or vehicle. The rats were placed, 35 min after injection, in an
      enclosed maze with either a simple configuration with an unilluminated central
      arena or a complex configuration with a brightly illuminated central arena, and
      spontaneous maze patrolling was evaluated. Total locomotor activity during the 6
      min maze test was significantly reduced by 5--10 mg/kg CDP for both RHA/Verh and
      RLA/Verh lines of rats in both the simple and the complex maze configurations.
      Treatment with 10 mg/kg CDP reduced the total explored area for both rat lines in
      both maze configurations. In addition, the maze area explored by RHA/Verh rats
      was also reduced by 5.0 mg/kg CDP for the simple configuration and by 2.5 and 5.0
      mg/kg CDP for the complex configuration. Entry into the unilluminated central
      field of the simple maze was reduced by 5--10 mg/kg CDP only in RHA/Verh rats. In
      contrast, 2.5 mg/kg CDP significantly increased entry into the brightly
      illuminated central arena of the complex maze for the RLA/Verh rats. The doses of
      IMI used were without effect on the parameters of maze patrolling behavior
      evaluated, with the single exception that the locomotor activity of RHA/Verh rats
      tested in the simple maze configuration was decreased by 3.0 mg/kg IMI. The
      results indicate that, although the effects of CDP were generally similar for
      total activity and the area explored in the two psychogenetic lines investigated,
      there was a qualitative difference in its effect on entry into an illuminated
      arena.

PMID- 6815699
TI  - The rapid onset of tolerance to ataxic effects of ethanol in mice.
AB  - We have developed a precise quantal method for assessing the sensitivity to
      ethanol in the mouse. Mice placed on a clamped stationary horizontal dowel are
      scored ataxic or not ataxic depending on whether they are able to remain on the
      dowel during a 30-s observation period. A threshold blood ethanol concentration
      is determined by assaying tail blood drawn immediately upon recovery from ethanol
      induced ataxia. This threshold is quite reproducible within a population of Swiss
      Webster mice (coefficient of variation 9%). The precision of this method allowed
      us to follow the onset of rapid tolerance during a series of sequential IP
      ethanol doses. Tolerance persisted overnight in the absence of ethanol, and was
      found not to increase further with additional ethanol exposure on 2 subsequent
      days. The observed tolerance was shown not to be due to circadian changes in
      ethanol sensitivity or repeated practice on the task, indicating a true tissue
      tolerance.

PMID- 6815700
TI  - Effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine on phencyclidine-induced
      behavior in the rat.
AB  - The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on
      phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in
      the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and
      hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg).
      Metenkephalin (40 micrograms/kg) and morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased ataxia
      at the 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg PCP doses. Stereotypy was altered by the opiates in a
      dose-dependent manner; enhanced by metenkephalin (40 micrograms/kg) at 2.0 mg/kg
      and inhibited by metenkephalin (40 micrograms/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) at 4.0
      and 6.0 mg/kg PCP. Locomotor activity was increased by morphine (5 mg/kg) at 2
      mg/kg PCP. These results suggest an involvement of central opiate receptor
      mechanisms in the mediation of PCP-induced behaviors in the rat.

PMID- 6815701
TI  - The effect of chronic bromocriptine and L-dopa on spiperone binding and
      apomorphine-induced stereotypy.
AB  - Chronic treatment with dopamine (DA) agonists has been reported in various
      paradigms to cause supersensitivity of DA receptors or, contradictorily,
      subsensitivity of DA receptors. The present study administered 15 mg/kg
      bromocriptine for 7 days and measured both striatal spiperone binding and
      apomorphine (AP)-induced stereotypy. A significant decrease in AP-induced
      stereotypies was observed after chronic bromocriptine treatment, but without a
      significant parallel decrease in striatal spiperone binding. These results
      probably do not represent a true agonist-induced subsensitivity, but possibly
      show that residual bromocriptine in vivo may antagonize AP-induced stereotypy.
      Since some reports have suggested that L-Dopa may specifically reverse the
      increases in DA receptor number induced by chronic haloperidol, we also studied
      the effect of 7 days of L-Dopa treatment after 6-week chronic haloperidol
      treatment of mice. While chronic haloperidol significantly increased striatal
      spiperone binding, subsequent L-Dopa treatment did not reverse this biochemical
      supersensitivity. It is concluded that agonist induction of subsensitivity in the
      DA system is difficult to reproduce and may depend on highly specific dosage
      conditions and treatment schedules.

PMID- 6815703
TI  - Effects of phenytoin on schedule-controlled performance of rats.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of acute administrations of phenytoin on
      the lever pressing of rats maintained under fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, and
      interresponse-time-greater-than-T schedules of food delivery. The drug typically
      produced dose-dependent decreases in response rates under fixed-ratio and fixed
      interval schedules, while response rates under the interresponse-time-greater
      than-T schedule were affected little by the drug. These findings indicate that
      phenytoin effects on schedule-controlled responding differ from those of other
      anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6815702
TI  - The effect of tryptamine on serotonin release from hypothalamic slices is
      mediated by a cholinergic interneurone.
AB  - Tryptamine produced a concentration-related inhibition of potassium-evoked
      release of tritium from slices of rat hypothalamus preloaded with 3H-serotonin.
      This effect of tryptamine was blocked by a series of serotonin antagonists with a
      relative order of potency which suggested that tryptamine was acting on a post
      junctional serotonin receptor. However, the response to tryptamine was also
      blocked by tetrodotoxin, indicating that tryptamine may be acting indirectly via
      the release of a second neurotransmitter. The finding that physostigmine
      enhanced, whilst atropine antagonised the effect of tryptamine suggests that the
      second neurotransmitter may be acetylcholine. This possibility is discussed.

PMID- 6815704
TI  - Stress, coping behavior and resistance to disease.
AB  - Psychosocial factors affect resistance to a wide variety of diseases in animals.
      Stimuli often assumed to be noxious (e.g., electric shock, isolation housing)
      have been found to exert either potentiating or protective effects on an animal's
      response to potentially pathogenic stimulation. This variability has often been
      attributed to the influences of these stimuli on aspects of neuroendocrine or
      immunological function which are related to specific forms of pathogenic
      stimulation. The impact of a particular form of stimulation on the physiological
      state of the organism is also determined by the ability of the animal to cope
      with the stimulus environment. Factors shown to influence have included: (a)
      other aspects of the immediate environment at the time of stimulation; (b) prior
      experience with the same or other forms of stimulation; (c) the animal's ability
      to control its relationship to the stimuli by learning to escape or avoid them;
      (d) the availability of relevant feedback regarding stimulus onset (e.g., warning
      signal), and (e) the stage of the disease process at which stimulation is
      imposed. These findings by various investigators indicate that it may be
      inappropriate to place a priori value judgements on any form of psychosocial
      stimulation or stress either as conceptually or operationally defined. The
      adaptive value of the psychosocial environment will depend upon its perception by
      the animal, the animal's ability to cope with the stimulus environment, and the
      particular disease system being studied.

PMID- 6815705
TI  - Some socioeconomic factors of malnutrition in Benin city, Nigeria.

PMID- 6815707
TI  - Hormonal and genetic regulation of vitellogenesis in Drosophila.
AB  - Morphological, genetic, and hormonal studies of the process of vitellogenesis,
      whereby yolk is accumulated in the developing oocytes, have been going on for
      many years in Drosophila. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in
      vitellogenesis, for it provides a model system for investigating how eukaryotic
      genes are regulated. The proteins found in the yolk are regulated in a tissue
      specific, stage-specific and sex-limited fashion. Molecular studies have
      identified the major proteins concerned and their genes have been cloned. This
      has facilitated a new approach to how this fascinating process is controlled. In
      this review current understanding of the factors required for normal
      vitellogenesis in Drosophila is analyzed. The nature of the proteins themselves,
      their sites of synthesis, and the organization and characterization of the genes
      and transcripts that code for them are emphasized. The manner in which the
      expression of these genes is regulated by the insect hormones, ecdysone and
      juvenile hormone, is described and, finally, an analysis is made of how various
      mutants that disrupt vitellogenesis can contribute further to our understanding
      of vitellogenesis regulation in Drosophila.

PMID- 6815706
TI  - Determinants of nursing home costs in Florida: policy implications and support in
      national research findings.
AB  - Descriptive and econometric analysis of the major nonquality determinants of
      nursing home costs for Florida shows that mean costs, size, and occupancy rate
      increased between 1971 and 1976, that per diem costs and occupancy rate were
      inversely related, and that the per diem cost was lower in rural than in urban
      areas. Regression of the data shows that--next to inflation, as expressed by the
      Consumer Price Index--the occupancy rate accounts for most of the variation in
      per diem costs, followed by size, urban-rural location, and by type of control.
      The hypothetical "optimal," defined as lowest cost-size range, was calculated to
      be more than 350 beds. Recent research substantiates most of these findings.
      Medicaid Cost Reports from Florida's nursing homes were the source of the
      information analyzed; by 1976, the sixth year of the study, the data base covered
      nearly 9 of 10 licensed beds in the State. Some policy implications can be drawn
      from the analysis. Reductions in per diem costs could be achieved by higher
      occupancy rates, especially in the larger nursing homes, and a reduction in the
      rate of inflation would reduce the rate of increase in nursing home costs.

PMID- 6815708
TI  - [Effect of parenteral feeding on amino acid transport and aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthesis in epithelial cells of the intestine of irradiated animals].

PMID- 6815709
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of benign esophageal diseases].

PMID- 6815710
TI  - Feeding tube for fluoroscopic placement.

PMID- 6815711
TI  - [Production on alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis NRRL 3411].
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the influence of medium composition and the
      effect of the operative conditions on alkaline protease production. Several
      nitrogen sources (in amount of 10 g/l) were tested and compared with bacto
      peptone Difco: Casein was the best. The addition of "Tween 80" 0,5% resulted in a
      marked increase in yields of the alkaline protease. The maximum alkaline protease
      production (3.342.290 UAPAM/g) was achieved using the following medium: Lactose
      20 g/l; casein 10 g/l; NaCl 1,5 g/l; MgSO4.7H2O 0,15 g/l; CaCl2.2H2O 0,06 g/l;
      MnCl2.4H2O 0,01 g/l; "Tween 80" 5,0 g/l; EDTA 1,5 X 10(-4)M; KH2PO4 1,5 g/l; K2H
      PO4 1,5 g/l; Na2SO4 1,5 g/l. It was found that a volumetric relation of 0,1 ml,
      vol. of medium/vol. of flask at 25 degrees C of temperature was the best process
      condition.

PMID- 6815713
TI  - Sodium valproate: kinetic profile and effects on GABA levels in various brain
      areas of the rat.
AB  - 1. The kinetic profile of sodium valproate (VPA) and the GABA levels were studied
      in discrete brain areas of the rat after an i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg. The
      results were discussed comparatively with GABA-T and GAD activities reported in
      the literature. 2. VPA was rapidly distributed in brain areas; its
      concentrations, its kinetic parameters and the GABA levels after the drug
      administration were not uniform in the different brain areas studied. 3. The
      results showed a particular relation of the VPA to the olfactory bulbs; in this
      specific area the VPA effect on GABA level was stronger; the VPA apparent half
      life of elimination was longest; the VPA apparent disappearance rate constant was
      smallest; the initial GABA level was higher; the activities of GABA-T and GAD
      were higher than in other brain areas studied except the hypothalamus. 4. These
      data were correlated with the role of the olfactory bulbs in the behaviour of the
      rodents.

PMID- 6815715
TI  - Synthetic byproducts of tocopherol oxidation as inhibitors of platelet function.
AB  - Vitamin E and its fully oxidized form tocopherol quinone are known inhibitors of
      platelet aggregation. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that the
      quinone was approximately equal in effectiveness to vitamin E. A recent report of
      a far greater inhibitory activity of the quinone produced by nitric acid
      oxidation of vitamin E prompted this investigation. Our studies show that the
      unusually high inhibition of platelet aggregation, release and cyclooxygenase
      activity associated with nitric acid oxidized vitamin E is due to byproducts of
      the oxidation process and not due to tocopherol quinone. Treatment of vitamin E
      acetate, a substance of mild effect on aggregation and arachidonate metabolism of
      platelets, with nitric acid did not produce tocopherol quinone but exerted as
      potent an inhibition as oxidized vitamin E. We conclude that nitric acid
      oxidation is unsuitable for preparation of tocopherol quinone unless the latter
      is carefully isolated. Oxidation with permanganate proved to be an alternate
      method without these difficulties.

PMID- 6815712
TI  - Metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens.

PMID- 6815714
TI  - Relaxin inhibits prostacyclin release by the rat pregnant myometrium.
AB  - Porcine relaxin (30 microgram/ml) when incubated with separated myometrial tissue
      from 20 day pregnant rats inhibited basal prostacyclin output by 50%. However,
      relaxin did not inhibit the increased prostacyclin output observed when
      myometrial tissue was incubated with the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic
      acid (10 microgram/ml). When prostacyclin release was stimulated by incubation
      with oxytocin (10 mU/ml), however, relaxin completely inhibited the increased
      output. The results suggest that relaxin interferes with basal and oxytocin
      stimulated prostacyclin formation in pregnant myometrial tissue by inhibiting the
      action of the enzyme phospholipase A2 which is responsible for liberating the
      precursor arachidonic acid endogenously.

PMID- 6815717
TI  - A comparative study of thromboxane and prostacyclin release from ex vivo and
      cultured bovine vascular endothelium.
AB  - Thromboxane B2, 6-keto-Prostaglandin F1 alpha, and Prostaglandin E2 release have
      been quantitated from cultured adult bovine endothelial cell monolayers and from
      ex Vivo vascular segments employing specific radioimmunoassays and thin layer
      chromatography. Release of all three prostaglandins was demonstrable from both
      endothelial cell systems under basal conditions and following exposure to the
      ionophore A23187 and arachidonic acid. In culture, the quantity of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha released was diminished compared to amounts released from the vessel
      segments while thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 release were similar in the
      two endothelial model systems. However, the amount of thromboxane B2 assayed was
      small and the quantity of thromboxane A2 it represents is probably of little in
      vivo significance compared to prostacyclin.

PMID- 6815716
TI  - Effect of oestradiol 17 beta on prostaglandin biosynthesis by the uterus of
      ovariectomized rat and guinea pig.
AB  - In vitro prostaglandin biosynthesis by uteri of ovariectomized rats and guinea
      pigs treated or untreated with oestradiol 17 beta, administered subcutaneously,
      was measured by R.I.A. of PGF2 alpha and PGE2. Incubations with [1-14C]
      arachidonic acid were also performed and labelled metabolites were analyzed by
      TLC. The main metabolite in rats was 6 keto PGF1 alpha and in decreasing order of
      magnitude, PGF2 alpha and PGE2. In guinea pig PGF2 alpha was the main product.
      Ovariectomy in rats completely changed the pattern of synthetized prostanoids :
      PGI2 production was doubled when compared to cycling rats and PGE2 increased 10
      fold. PGF2 alpha values were similar to the mean value measured during the cycle.
      OE2 treatment almost completely inhibited PGI2 synthesis and reduced PGE2 by
      half. Total PG synthesis in OE2 treated animals was decreased by 5 fold when
      compared to spayed rats. Endogenous PGF2 alpha synthesis was slightly stimulated.
      In the guinea pig OE2 treatment of ovariectomized animals increased the total
      synthesis from 50 per cent. PGF2 alpha was always the main metabolite. In
      conclusion OE2 regulation of uterine PG synthesis is depending on the animal
      species and cannot be explained by a unique effect on the cyclooxygenase, but
      rather by an interplay on the various enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade.

PMID- 6815719
TI  - Lung, aorta, and platelet metabolism of 14C-arachidonic acid in vitamin E
      deficient rats.
AB  - 14C-arachidonic acid metabolism was determined in aortas, platelets, and perfused
      lungs from rats pair fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 100 ppm vitamin E
      for 11 weeks. Spontaneous erythrocyte hemolysis tests showed 92% and 8% hemolysis
      for the 0 and 100 ppm vitamin E groups, respectively. Elevated lung homogenate
      levels of malonaldehyde in the 0 ppm group confirmed its deficient vitamin E
      status. Aortas from the vitamin E deficient group synthesized 54% less
      prostacyclin than aortas from the supplemented group (p less than 0.05). Although
      thromboxane generation by platelets from the vitamin E deficient group exhibited
      a 37% increase, this difference was not statistically significant compared to the
      supplemented animals. Greater amounts of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha were obtained in albumin buffer perfusates from lungs of vitamin E
      deficient rats than in those from supplemented rats. Significant differences (p
      less than 0.05) were noticed, however, only for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. These
      studies indicate that vitamin E quantitatively alters arachidonic acid metabolism
      in aortic and lung tissue but its effect on thromboxane synthesis by platelets is
      less marked.

PMID- 6815718
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in rat pancreatic acinar cells: calcium-mediated
      stimulation of the lipoxygenase system.
AB  - Isolated rat pancreatic acini were employed to demonstrate that the exocrine
      pancreas can metabolize [14C]-arachidonic acid by way of the lipoxygenase pathway
      as well as the cyclooxygenase pathway. Analysis by high performance liquid
      chromatography delineated a monohydroxy acid, presumably 12-L-hydroxy-5,8-10,14
      eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) as the major lipoxygenase product. The formation
      of this hydroxy arachidonate derivative was stimulated by the calcium ionophore
      ionomycin. Stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway by ionomycin was confirmed by
      thin layer chromatography. In addition, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2
      were identified; and ionomycin, carbamylcholine, and caerulein enhanced the
      formation of these metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Ionomycin induced
      stimulation of HETE formation was inhibited by ETYA and nordihydroguaiaretic
      acid, but spontaneous and evoked enzyme secretion was unaffected. Thus, although
      ionomycin, a pancreatic secretagogue, stimulates the lipoxygenase pathway, the
      precise role of these arachidonate metabolites in the physiology of the exocrine
      pancreas is still obscure.

PMID- 6815720
TI  - The salvage of ischaemic myocardium by BW755C in anaesthetised dogs.
AB  - BW755C, a dual inhibitor of the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways of
      arachidonic acid metabolism reduces the size of an infarct produced by 60 min of
      coronary occlusion followed by 5 hours reperfusion in anaesthetised beagles. This
      effect of BW755C is observed when the drug is given after the period of
      occlusion, and is independent of any haemodynamic effect. In contrast,
      indomethacin, which inhibits only the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, did not influence
      infarct size. It is suggested that the salvage of acutely ischaemic myocardium by
      BW755C is due to inhibition of lipoxygenase product formation by migrating cells
      which invade the damaged myocardium to produce an inflammatory response.

PMID- 6815721
TI  - Phenolic anticyclooxygenase agents in antiinflammatory and analgesic therapy.
AB  - This report demonstrates that a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, MK 447, and
      phenol act similarly to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in vitro in a dose
      dependent manner when the concentration of peroxide activators is decreased by
      glutathione peroxidase. Increasing the rate of peroxide removal with higher
      amounts of glutathione peroxidase increases the inhibitory potency of the
      phenolic agents. The results support ascribing a vital role to tissue peroxides
      in facilitating prostaglandin biosynthesis in vivo. They also resolve the
      paradoxical problem of predicting antiinflammatory activity when an agent appears
      to stimulate prostaglandin formation. A corollary concept is that tissues with
      general hyperalgesic conditions may have lower levels of hydroperoxide than are
      found in inflammatory conditions, and thus be more amenable to therapy with
      phenolic agents like MK 447.

PMID- 6815722
TI  - [Treatment of various precancerous states, pseudocancerous conditions, neoplasms
      and condylomata acuminata with snow paste].

PMID- 6815723
TI  - [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers - 1980].

PMID- 6815724
TI  - [Case of verrucous tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815725
TI  - [Method for determining the optimum concentration of a disinfectant for its
      clinical use].

PMID- 6815726
TI  - [Waldenstrom syndrome. Current review apropos of 5 cases].

PMID- 6815727
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemias. Clinical study of several cases].

PMID- 6815728
TI  - [Hyperviscosity syndrome as the initial manifestation of IgG myeloma].

PMID- 6815729
TI  - ["Hour-glass sign": aspiration originating from a cavity].

PMID- 6815730
TI  - [Hyposaline and mannitol loading tests in the physiopathology of Bartter's
      syndrome].

PMID- 6815732
TI  - [Osteochondroplastic tracheopathy associated with diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 6815733
TI  - [Surgical perspective on transdiaphragmatic access to the thoracic esophagus].

PMID- 6815731
TI  - [IgM paraprotein associated with lymphoproliferative disorders].

PMID- 6815734
TI  - [Sphincterodiverticuloduodenoplasty; technic of choice in the treatment of
      paravaterian diverticulum].

PMID- 6815735
TI  - [Topography of the metabolic cycle of 4-aminobutyrate].
AB  - This work describes, with some detail the intervention of 4-aminobutyrate as
      protagonist of a derivation of tricarboxylic cycle. Its vicarial mission is
      emphasized in connection with its existence in microorganisms (Escherichia coli
      and Pseudomonas fluorescens), plants (Helianthus tuberosus. Lupinus albus and
      Agave americana), neoplasic cells (ascitic tumor of Ehrlich and HeLa cells) and
      animal tissues (adrenal medulla and brain.

PMID- 6815736
TI  - [Glycosidases of mammals: association of activities and changes of levels in some
      disorders].
AB  - beta-Galactosidase and associated activities (beta-glucosidase and beta
      fucosidase) have been studied in rabbit and bovine liver and rabbit spleen. The
      physico-chemical (optimal pH, pI, MW) and kinetical (Km, Vmax, Ki) properties
      were determined for all the activities. Two enzyme forms were separated in rabbit
      spleen. beta-Galactosidase, beta-fucosidase and beta-glucosidase activities were
      catalyzed by the same enzyme in rabbit and bovine liver. The enzyme from bovine
      liver showed nonlinear double-reciprocal plots, suggesting a substrate-activation
      model, and the presence of more than one binding site in the enzyme. The enzyme
      activities of several glycosidases were determined in human sera fom control
      groups and from patients with diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, hepatitis,
      cirrhosis, stomach and breast cancer, myocardial infarction and renal failure.
      The results show significantly different enzyme levels for several glycosidases
      in all the studied diseases. Experimentally-induced diabetes mellitus, alcoholism
      and nephrotoxicity in rats showed different glycosidase levels in several
      tissues, as compared with control groups.

PMID- 6815737
TI  - [In vivo and in vitro actions of biscarbamates on the photosynthetic activity of
      chloroplasts].
AB  - The "photosynthetic inhibition" component in the whole context of plant toxicity,
      when different concentrations of the bis-carbamate phenmedipham are supplied
      through the roots or foliar application to spinach plants grown in hydroponic
      media have been determined. Chloroplasts were isolated after eight days of the
      herbicide addition, and then determined: electron transport H2O leads to NADP+,
      H2O leads to ferrycyanide and ascorbate/DPIP leads to NADP+, cyclic and non
      cyclic photophosphorilation, CO2 assimilation rate and intermediate patterns of
      CO2 fixation. We have also determined in foliar disks the O2 evolving and the CO2
      assimilation capabilities. Type A and type B chloroplasts showed increased
      inhibition, respectively, of the Phot. II dependent electron transport chains H2O
      leads to NADP+ and H2O leads to ferricyanide, to the extent that the phenmedipham
      concentration increased in the hydroponic media and the spraying solution, so
      that a 50% inhibition of both processes was obtained at 100 microM and 10 microM,
      respectively, against 0.2 microM in the in vitro experiments. Non cyclic
      photophosphorylation showed a stronger inhibition than the cyclic one. Concerning
      the Phot. I dependent electron transport ascorbate/DPIP leads to NADP+, the
      chloroplast preparations showed a negligible inhibition. We have found a
      synergistic effect of the above two factors on the CO2 assimilation. The
      intermediate patterns of CO2 assimilation showed a decrease of the 3C-compounds P
      glycerate and trioses-P, with a parallel increase of the sugar mono and
      diphosphates as well as disaccharides and amino acids.

PMID- 6815738
TI  - [Inhibition by dipropyl acetate and its structural analogs of the glycine
      synthase system in liver and brain mitochondria].
AB  - The effect of the anticonvulsive di-n-propylacetate (DPA) and some structural
      analogous, all branched-chain organic acids, on the glycine cleavage system in
      rat liver and brain mitochondria has been studied. DPA and n-propyl, prop-2
      enylacetic, 4,4-di-n-propylbutyric, 2-ethyl, 3-methylvaleric acids inhibit this
      enzymatic activity corresponding the greatest degree of inhibition to DPA (70%
      and 86% inhibition in liver and brain mitochondria respectively at 10 mM DPA). 2
      methyl, 3-ethyl caproic acid has an inhibitory effect on glycine cleavage
      activity only in liver mitochondria, but showing no effect on this activity in
      brain mitochondria. The inhibitory effect of DPA can explain the hyperglycinemia
      and hyperglycinuria in DPA-treated patients. This effect may provide also an
      experimental approach for the study of biochemical and pathogenia mechanisms of
      non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.

PMID- 6815739
TI  - [The diabetic child].

PMID- 6815740
TI  - Serum binding of tocainide and its enantiomers in human subjects.
AB  - Serum from five healthy male volunteers aged 25-36 years was dialyzed against a
      series of buffer solutions containing varying amounts of racemic tocainide. The
      concentration of each enantiomer of the drug in the post-dialysis buffer and
      serum was determined using a specific gas-liquid-chromatographic method. The
      concentration of total tocainide in the post-dialysis sera ranged from 1.16 to
      19.73 micrograms/ml. The percentage of total unbound tocainide ranged from 84.9
      +/- 3.3 to 89.9 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.D.) whereas the percentages of unbound R-(-)
      and S-(+) enantiomers ranged from 86.3 +/- 4.0 to 91.0 +/- 2.3 and 83.3 +/- 5.4
      to 88.9 +/- 2.2 respectively. Although the binding of the S-(+) enantiomer was
      slightly but statistically significantly greater than that of the R-(-) isomer,
      the difference would be of little clinical significance. Binding appeared
      independent of serum tocainide concentration within the therapeutic range of 4 to
      12 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6815741
TI  - Presence of prostaglandins (PGs) in Tetrahymena pyriformis, GL and the effect of
      aspirin.
AB  - Tetrahymena pyriformis GL appears to require prostaglandins, either B, E or F
      series for growth, as demonstrated by the deleterious effect of aspirin. The
      latter inhibits prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase). Aspirin inhibited 50%
      growth of a 24 hr culture of T. pyriformis at a dose of approximately 200
      micrograms/ml and completely inhibited at 600 micrograms/ml. Extraction with acid
      ethyl acetate: isopropanol solvent of 2.8 x 10(8) cells yielded 41.3 mg of lipid
      of which 62.8% and 34.5% were PGE2 and PGB, respectively. It is suggested that
      PGs are important for the growth of T. pyriformis and that the organism may be a
      useful source of natural PGs. Additionally, T. pyriformis may be useful in
      studies of the PGs pathway.

PMID- 6815742
TI  - Rise of hepatic glutathione concentration induced in rats by chronic lead nitrate
      treatment. Its role in aflatoxin B1 intoxication.
AB  - Liver concentration of the reduced form of glutathione is increased by chronic
      lead nitrate administration. Hepatic glutathione content is lowered by acute
      aflatoxin B1 intoxication while in lead-pretreated rats this decrement is not
      evident. The administration of lead nitrate which increases liver glutathione
      also decreases acute aflatoxin B1 toxicity. This provides additional evidence
      that, in the liver, glutathione concentration plays a role in controlling acute
      aflatoxin B1 toxicity.

PMID- 6815743
TI  - Rapid serological diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the frontal
      sinuses and nasal chambers of the dog.
AB  - Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins in dog sera were detected by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The procedure gave results within 90 minutes
      compared with 72 to 96 hours required in agar-gel double diffusion. Culture
      filtrate antigens from two-week-old cultures of A fumigatus and two-day-old
      mycelial antigens produced the strongest reactions in CIE tests and the former
      antigen also revealed high titres in tests with serum from seven of 14 dogs with
      A fumigatus precipitins. Serum from these 14 dogs also reacted in CIE tests with
      a number of Penicillium species antigens.

PMID- 6815744
TI  - Effect of administering two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (indomethacin and
      aspirin) on egg production in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - The injection of 50 mg/kg bodyweight of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor
      (indomethacin) brought about a delayed oviposition time in birds of three breeds
      of layers, whereas the injection of 5 mg indomethacin had no effect. The daily
      ingestion of up to 400 mg aspirin or up to 10 mg indomethacin for three weeks, or
      750 mg aspirin or 200 mg indomethacin for two weeks had no effect on egg
      production, oviposition time, egg-shell water conductance, oviducal prostaglandin
      synthetase activity or bird behaviour. Prostaglandin synthetase activity was
      demonstrable in both control and treated birds only in the tubular glands of the
      shell gland. These observations suggest that prostaglandins play a minor role in
      normal reproductive activity in the female domestic fowl.

PMID- 6815745
TI  - Pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in the dog (orogastric aspiration
      technique).
AB  - An orogastric aspiration technique is presented for the estimation of
      pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in the anaesthetised dog. Reference
      values for volume, pH and hydrogen ion output, 'acidity' and hydrochloric acid
      output, chloride, sodium, potassium and pepsin outputs were measured and
      calculated in 23 clinically healthy dogs. It was concluded that 30 and 45 minute
      hydrogen ion, hydrochloric acid and chloride peak outputs were the most suitable
      parameters for the acid secreting capacity of the parietal cells. Reference
      values for 30 and 45 minute peak outputs were respectively 1.63 to 3.61 and 1.50
      to 3.35 mmol per hour per kg0.75 (hydrogen ion), 1.86 to 3.64 and 1.65 to 3.42
      mmol per hour per kg0.75 (hydrochloric acid) and 2.35 to 4.13 and 1.98 to 3.91
      mmol per hour per kg0.75 (chloride). Reproducibility of pepsin outputs was so
      poor that they cannot be used as parameters for gastric secretory capacity.

PMID- 6815746
TI  - Fluid retention and relative hypoventilation in acute mountain sickness.
AB  - The presence of pulmonary, cerebral, and/or peripheral edema in acute mountain
      sickness (AMS) implies a derangement in the body's handling of water. Previously,
      we demonstrated water retention and increased symptoms of AMS when hypocapnia was
      prevented in subjects exposed to simulated high altitude. This led us to the
      hypothesis that upon ascent to high altitude, those persons who fail to increase
      their ventilation adequately and hence do not become hypocapnic will retain water
      reflected as weight gain and will develop AMS. To test this hypothesis, we
      studied in Kathmandu, Nepal (1,377 m) 42 healthy western tourists; all were
      restudied in Pheriche (4,243 m) within 6 days of exposure to high altitude.
      Symptoms of AMS were highly correlated (p less than 0.001) with weight change,
      suggesting that persons becoming symptomatic retained fluid. On going from low to
      high altitude, those persons who lost weight and remained well increased their
      resting ventilation, whereas those who gained weight did not (p = 0.03). This
      relative hypoventilation in the latter group was confirmed by higher values of
      Pco2 (heated hand vein blood) and lower values of arterial saturation (ear
      oximeter) at Pheriche. Vital capacity measured in Kathmandu was correlated with
      arterial saturation at Pheriche (p = 0.02); persons with low vital capacity were
      more hypoxemic with more symptoms of AMS. We conclude that relative
      hypoventilation and weight gain appear early in the development of AMS suggesting
      links between altitude hypoxia, hyperventilation, hypocapnia, and the body's
      handling of water.

PMID- 6815747
TI  - Effects of red cell exchange on calculated sheep lung vascular permeability to
      14C-urea and 14C-thiourea.
AB  - We performed fourteen experiments on sheep to determine whether or not
      erythrocytes tracer transport alters the calculated value of capillary tracer
      permeability surface area. In each set of experiments 14C-urea or 14C-thiourea
      was equilibrated with: (1) a whole blood sample; (2) saline alone, and (3) packed
      erythrocytes alone. Aliquots of each of these samples were injected separately
      into the superior vena cava of sheep and multiple indicator data collected from
      the aorta. Lung urea or thiourea microvascular permeability surface area (PS) was
      calculated for each set of data using the integral extraction method. These
      results were compared to the predictions of a detailed theory of microvascular
      transport which included red cell effects. As predicted by the theory, only small
      differences were found between urea PS calculations based on pre-equilibrated
      blood or plasma injectates. When 14C-urea in the injectate was confined to red
      cells, the average PS calculation was approximately 60% of the average plasma
      equilibrated value (also predicted by theory). This ratio was substantially lower
      (25%) when 14C-thiourea was used as an indicator, suggesting that the red cell
      membrane, rather than the microvascular barrier, limits thiourea exchange. We
      conclude that a finite red cel-plasma urea exchange rate does not significantly
      influence the calculation of lung vascular PS when the injected blood is
      equilibrated with urea prior to its introduction into the vascular system.

PMID- 6815748
TI  - Effects of medullary area I(s) cooling on respiratory response to chemoreceptor
      inputs.
AB  - The effect on respiration, as measured by phrenic nerve activity, of bilateral
      graded cooling of the intermediate, or I(s), areas of the ventral medulla was
      determined in anesthetized, vagotomized, glomectomized and paralyzed cats. In
      addition the effect of cooling the I(s) areas on the responses to central and
      peripheral chemoreceptor afferent test stimuli were studied. When end-tidal PCO2
      was kept constant, graded cooling of the I(s) areas led to graded reductions of
      phrenic activity and arterial pressure. Furthermore, the respiratory response to
      test stimuli (carotid sinus nerve or CO2) was decreased progressively during
      graded cooling of the I(s) areas from 40 degrees C to 20 degrees C. We conclude
      that area I(s) is part of a common pathway for afferent input from both the
      central and peripheral chemoreceptors and that it is involved in the initial
      integration of both inputs.

PMID- 6815749
TI  - Acid-base regulation in response to environmental hypercapnia in two aquatic
      salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means.
AB  - The partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) in certain areas of the aquatic habitat of the
      salamanders Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means frequently rises to values of up
      to 60 mm Hg. This ambient hypercapnia occurs due to hindrance of gas exchange
      between water and air caused by dense water-surface vegetation. In order to
      investigate the acid-base regulation in response to the respiratory acidosis,
      which wound be expected to result from the high CO2 conductance of the amphibian
      skin, specimens of both species were subjected to water PCO2 of 47 mm Hg while
      having free access to normocapnic air in a closed water recirculation system.
      Arterial PCO2 rose considerably from 12 to 35 mm Hg in Siren and from 17 to 36 mm
      Hg in Amphiuma. The resultant fall in plasma pH remained uncompensated, whereas
      intracellular pH of white muscle and heart muscle of Siren were little affected
      owing to elevated intracellular bicarbonate concentrations. The bicarbonate
      accumulated in the intracellular compartments was in part produced by
      intracellular and extracellular nonbicarbonate buffering, and in part gained from
      the environment in exchange for Cl- ions. Elevated water bicarbonate
      concentration or bicarbonate infusion into Siren had no effect on the acid-base
      regulation. These data suggest that the availability of bicarbonate is not a
      limiting factor for extracellular compensation of increased PCO2, but that the
      threshold of the bicarbonate-regulating structures is simply not readjusted in
      hypercapnia. This type of regulation may have evolved as a result of the specific
      environmental conditions of these animals and may be considered as an
      energetically efficient way of maintaining a constant milieu for the pH-sensitive
      intracellular structures.

PMID- 6815750
TI  - Effects of temperature on the ventilatory response to inspired CO2 in
      unanaesthetized domestic fowl.
AB  - The influence of raised environmental temperature on the respiratory response to
      CO2 in awake, spontaneously breathing domestic fowl was investigated. In terms of
      their effects on ventilation VE temperature and CO2 were additive and non
      interactive, VE being approximately 1900 ml . min-1 greater at 33 +/- 1 degree C
      compared to 18 +/- 1 degree C, regardless of inspired CO2 partial pressure PICO2.
      Temperature had no effect on the slope of the relationship between VE and both
      arterial and clavicular air sac PCO2. Blood and clavicular sac PCO2 were
      regulated within 2-3 Torr of normal at PICO2 levels below approximately 20 Torr
      as a result of hyperventilation but PCO2 regulation began to fail at higher
      PICO2. Hypercapnia induced increases in respiratory frequency f at normal
      temperatures but decreases in f at 33 +/- 1 degree C. There was little change in
      f at 25 +/- 1 degree C. The ventilatory increase in response to CO2 at 18 +/- 1
      degree C and 25 +/- 1 degree C could be described by a linear relationship
      between VE and tidal volume VT. However, respiration departed from this pattern
      at temperatures above the panting threshold (32-34 degrees C). These findings are
      discussed in the context of central and peripheral mechanisms which may be
      involved in the control of rate and depth of breathing.

PMID- 6815751
TI  - How toads breathe: control of air flow to and from the lungs by the nares in Bufo
      marinus.
AB  - The external nares rarely close completely during positive pressure lung filling
      in Bufo marinus. Simultaneous measurement of airflow at the nares and transnarial
      pressure revealed continuous airflow (out) during lung emptying (nares open) and
      the subsequent lung filling (nares partially closed). Expiratory minute volume
      (VE) measured at the nares is consistently greater than VE from the lungs because
      the buccal contents are being simultaneously forced into the lungs and out the
      partially closed nares. The relation between narial resistance and ventilatory
      parameters during hypercapnia was investigated to determine if control of the
      narial aperture is an important variable related to the volume of air transferred
      to and from the lungs and buccal chamber. Buccal frequency decreased (from 73 to
      30/min) and buccal TE (time for expiratory air flow at the nares) increased (from
      0.28 to 0.41 sec) when breathing 2% CO2. Mean narial resistance was 0.40 cm H2O/L
      . min, maximum narial resistance was 0.44 cm H2O/L . min, and both were
      uninfluenced by CO2. Lung ventilation frequency increased with 2% CO2 (from 5.3
      to 20.8/min). TE of lung ventilation cycles remained constant (about 0.45 sec)
      while VTE (expiratory tidal volume at the nares) increased from 0.73 to 0.90
      ml/100 g. Mean narial resistance during lung ventilations decreased from 3.80 to
      1.76 cm H2O/L . min with 2% CO2. Maximum narial resistance during lung
      ventilations was unchanged. It is concluded that the nares may remain open for a
      longer proportion of each lung ventilation cycle during hypercapnic hyperpnea.

PMID- 6815752
TI  - Density-dependent airflow and ventilatory control during exercise.
AB  - The influence of respired gas density on ventilatory control during cycle
      ergometer exercise was investigated in six healthy subjects. They underwent
      constant-load exercise for 10 min both at 50% and 90% of the anaerobic threshold,
      inhaling air for the first 5 min followed abruptly by 80% helium-20% oxygen (He
      O2) for the remaining 5 min (and vice versa). The He-O2 breathing elicited no
      discernible effect on ventilation (VI) or mean alveolar PCO2 (PACO2) at rest or
      at the lower work rate. However, at the higher work rate, He-O2 breathing
      resulted in a clear and sustained hyperventilation in all subjects. A
      compensatory response to the hypocapnia, consequent to the helium-induced
      hyperventilation, was not evident even though all subjects demonstrated a normal
      ventilatory responsiveness to inhaled CO2 while in this condition. These
      observations suggest that turbulent airflow normally imposes a constraint on the
      magnitude of the hyperpnea of high-intensity exercise.

PMID- 6815753
TI  - The effect of vagal blockade on the variability of ventilation in the awake dog.
AB  - The present study examined the variability of breathing in five (5) awake
      tracheostomized dogs with the vagi intact and during complete vagal blockade
      produced by cooling exteriorized cervical vagal loops (VC). Breath by breath
      variations in both respiratory timing (assessed from the airflow signal) and the
      drive to the respiratory muscles (as assessed from the rate of inspiratory
      airflow (VI/TI) and occlusive pressure (P100) were examined. The degree of
      variability in the parameters characterizing breathing was evaluated from
      frequency distribution histograms and by calculation of the standard deviation.
      VC increased the mean values of VT, TI, TE, TI/TTOT, and decreased VT/TI and
      occlusion pressure, but had no consistent effect on the mean value of VE. The
      variability of VE, PACO2, VT, TI, TE, TI/TTOT was greater during VC in 4 of the 5
      dogs. The increased variability of VE and PACO2 during VC appeared to be due to a
      poorer correlation between TI and TE. The present study suggests that vagal
      mechanoreceptors, presumably pulmonary stretch receptors, minimize breath by
      breath fluctuations in both the level and pattern of ventilation by controlling
      respiratory timing. An explanation, based on the model of inspiratory off
      switching proposed by Beadley et al. (1975) is invoked.

PMID- 6815754
TI  - The effect of body warming on the ventilatory response to CO2 in the awake dog.
AB  - Resting awake dogs breathing CO2 lower body temperature and such a change is
      reported to decrease the ventilatory response to CO2. Therefore, in 6 awake dogs
      the ventilatory response to CO2, obtained while body temperature was allowed to
      decrease spontaneously, was compared to the response obtained during warming of
      their body surface in an attempt to prevent the fall in temperature during
      hypercapnia. During warming, rectal temperature was maintained 0.5 to 0.7 degrees
      C higher than when TR was allowed to fall. In warm studies arterial [HCO-3]a was
      decreased relative to PaCO2 whereas there was a surprisingly large storage of
      CO2, 17.3 ml CO2/kg . Torr PaCO2. Ventilation was comparable in the dogs during
      air control of both experiments and before body warming was initiated.
      Subsequently, there was no consistent effect of warming on either the slope or
      threshold of the ventilatory response to CO2 with respect to either PaCO2 or pHa.
      Therefore, producing a higher and more 'normothermic' TR during hypercapnia in
      awake dogs had no definitive effect on chemical control of breathing.

PMID- 6815755
TI  - Thyroid function in the alcoholic.

PMID- 6815756
TI  - [Prevention of recurrences of cerebral ischemic vascular accidents by platelet
      antiaggregants. Results of a 3-year controlled therapeutic trial].

PMID- 6815757
TI  - Cost-benefit analysis of vaccines.

PMID- 6815759
TI  - [Histiocytosis X].

PMID- 6815758
TI  - [Biomathematical methods in studies of child growth and development].

PMID- 6815760
TI  - [Suggestions to classify the minor post-streptococcal syndrome with acute
      articular rheumatism (AAR)].

PMID- 6815761
TI  - [Infectious thrombopenias in infants].

PMID- 6815762
TI  - [Epidemiological, etiologic and therapeutic aspects of urinary tract infections
      in children. Study of 137 cases].

PMID- 6815764
TI  - [Propedeutics of male sexual impotence].

PMID- 6815765
TI  - [Inflammatory intestinal diseases and parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6815763
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus in children. II. Treatment].

PMID- 6815766
TI  - [Determination of gene frequency in the Rhesus system in Algeria].
AB  - Rh frequencies determined in Algeria (CNTS-Alger), are as follows: (formula; see
      text) A comparison made with european and african results shows that R2 and r are
      lower than in Europe whereas R0 is higher.

PMID- 6815767
TI  - [Immunohemolytic complications observed during transfusion of more than 2 million
      units of blood].
AB  - From 1955 through 1978, 150 immunohemolytic accidents of variable gravity have
      been documented, representing an incidence of 7.1 cases out of 100 000 transfused
      blood units. These accidents can be classified as follows: 83 cases due to ABO
      incompatibility, 42 cases due to an irregular antibody in the recipient (six
      times due to anti-D), 20 cases induced by passive maternal antibodies in the
      newborn and 5 cases which were attributed to injected anti-A or anti-B
      antibodies. Ten deaths were recorded, all ascribed to ABO (8 cases) and to Rhesus
      D (2 cases) incompatibilities. In the present study, a major decrease in the
      incidence of ABO accidents has been observed, especially since 1966 with
      systematic controls being performed at the patient's bedside. However, irregular
      antibodies were the cause of the conflicts in only 10% of the cases when the
      study was started, and is now incriminated in 8 cases out of 10.

PMID- 6815768
TI  - [Rhino-orbital mucormycosis: report of a case].

PMID- 6815769
TI  - Bloodletting revived.

PMID- 6815770
TI  - [Biochemical types of enterococci isolated from food products].

PMID- 6815771
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine and metepa on insects].

PMID- 6815772
TI  - [Effect of simultaneous administration of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite on
      carbaryl toxicity in long-term study].

PMID- 6815774
TI  - [Australia antigen and hepatitis in the Hospital del Rey].

PMID- 6815773
TI  - Serum LH and FSH levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after
      ovarian wedge resection.
AB  - Serum LH and FSH concentrations were examined by radioimmunoassay in 41 women
      with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after ovarian wedge resection. Serum LH
      level was nearly threefold that of normal control patients, while that of FSH was
      decreased. Serum LH value decreased. Serum LH value decreased significantly after
      ovarian wedge resection, but remained elevated in comparison to that of healthy
      women. Serum FSH concentration increased after operation to normal values. LH :
      FSH ratio of polycystic ovary patients was elevated in comparison to that of
      normal patients. After ovarian wedge resection it decreased significantly, but
      remained twofold that of normal healthy women. The alterations in gonadotropin
      secretion were related to the alterations in the steroid milieu and feedback.

PMID- 6815775
TI  - [Study of 7 disinfectants on different substrates].

PMID- 6815776
TI  - [Meningococcal meningitis in Spain (1978-1980). I. Epidemiologic studies,
      serogroups and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents].

PMID- 6815777
TI  - [Use of the tubercle bacillus sensitivity test in public health].

PMID- 6815778
TI  - Adaptation of the small intestine--does it occur in man?
AB  - After resection and usually after shunt operations for obesity, the small bowel
      in-situ or in-continuity develops mucosal hyperplasia and enhanced absorption per
      unit length of intestine in animals and man, although the studies in man are
      limited. The opposite occurs in the small bowel deprived of food either by bypass
      or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The changes which occur in the bypassed
      bowel are not consistent and cannot be explained by the luminal nutrition theory
      alone. The effect of TPN on jejunal function has been assessed in preterm infants
      using the one hour blood xylose test and potential difference changes after the
      infusion of glucose. The results of these tests suggest that the absorptive
      surface area is diminished during TPN, increases following enteral feeding, and
      is not related to post-natal age. Function at a cellular level probably remains
      constant. The mechanism of adaptation is poorly defined in man, but animal
      studies suggest that in addition to luminal nutrition, other factors such as
      hormones, and pancreatico-biliary secretions, are important but that there is a
      fine balance of agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 6815779
TI  - Intestinal adaptation: factors that influence morphology.
AB  - The lining of the intestinal tract is constantly renewed in a brisk but orderly
      fashion. Further acceleration of cell renewal is elicited by various stimuli,
      notably surgical shortening of the intestine and hyperphagia, which lead to
      prompt but persistent increases in mucosal mass. Progressive hypoplasia ensues
      when the small and large bowel are deprived of their normal contents, either by
      fasting (with or without parenteral nutrition) or by exclusion from intestinal
      continuity. All atrophic changes are reversed by refeeding or restoration of the
      normal anatomical disposition. Intestine responds to mucosal damage by
      regeneration from the crypts. Pancreatobiliary secretions mediate some of the
      tropic effects of chyme; systemic influences, both neurovascular and humoral,
      also play a part in the adaptive response of the gut.

PMID- 6815780
TI  - Assessing small intestinal function in health and disease in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Diet, dysfunction and disease induce primary and secondary changes in intestinal
      structure and function. The major techniques used to assess such changes in human
      and animal intestinal absorption and secretion in situ, in vivo and in vitro are
      reviewed concisely but critically and the problems of normalisation of the data
      explored. Exploitation of the various electrical potential differences generated
      by and across the intestinal epithelium allows the kinetic characterisation of
      the electrogenic glucose absorption mechanism, the measurement of functional
      lactase activity, the assessment of the thickness of the unstirred layer, the
      estimation of intestinal tonic (diffusive permeability and the recording of
      electrogenic secretion coupled with motility changes in the jejunum, in situ, of
      conscious man in health and disease. The use of animal intestine has allowed
      direct and indirect evidence of multiple hexose carriers to be obtained and a new
      technique allowing corrected kinetic parameters of Km and Jm to be estimated in
      vivo. Application of the technique to experimental conditions will allow a better
      assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the enterocytes absorptive functions.

PMID- 6815781
TI  - Small bowel adaptation and its regulation.
AB  - Since the subject of intestinal adaptation was last reviewed (16, 20, 97), there
      have been relatively few major advances but many useful minor additions and
      extensions which have helped to consolidate our knowledge of the field. The aim
      of this chapter is to summarise the results of a series of experiments which
      build up to our present state of knowledge. In doing so, the results of
      relatively old studies carried out some 15 years ago are briefly reviewed since
      they provide an essential background for, our current work. However, the article
      concentrates mainly on the new developments and in discussing these, areas of
      doubt and controversy are emphasised.

PMID- 6815782
TI  - Antacids and pepsin.
AB  - In a certain pH range, common antacids containing aluminium hydroxide gel have
      powerful adsorbent and precipitating effect on pepsin in human gastric juice, but
      there is no inactivation of pepsin apart from that produced by alteration of pH.
      In vivo, reduced pepsin concentration in aspirates from the stomach, after oral
      administration of aluminium hydroxide-containing antacids, may be due to
      precipitation of pepsin by the antacid within the stomach and the heavier,
      precipitated material not being withdrawn with the juice through the tube.

PMID- 6815783
TI  - Induction of immunological tolerance to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA.
AB  - Single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA were conjugated with the
      copolymers of d-glutamic acid and d-lysin (d-GL). Administration of ss-DNA-d-GL
      conjugates to C3H/H3 and NZB/W F1 mice could render the mice tolerant to both
      direct and indirect anti-ss-DNA antibody-forming cell responses, irrespective of
      their immune status. Repeated administration of ss-DNA- or ds-DNA-d-GL conjugates
      decreased the levels of anti-ss-DNA and anti-ds-DNA antibody titres and reduced
      the occurrence of ss-DNA and ds-DNA antibody-forming cells even in old female
      NZB/W F1 mice that had already developed an autoimmune state with lupus
      nephritis. The unresponsiveness was DNA-specific, and the state of tolerance was
      stable in vitro at the cellular level after the removal of the tolerogen. This
      tolerance model would be useful in analysing the regulatory mechanisms in anti-ss
      DNA nd anti-ds-DNA antibody production, and application of this kind of therapy
      in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus is suggested.

PMID- 6815784
TI  - Isolation and identification of a cDNA clone coding for an HLA-DR transplantation
      antigen alpha-chain.
AB  - Membrane-bound mRNA was isolated from Raji cells and enriched for message coding
      for the HLA-DR transplantation antigen alpha-chain by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. Double-stranded cDNA was constructed from this mRNA fraction,
      ligated to plasmid pBR322, and cloned into Escherichia coli. By hybrid selection,
      a plasmid, pDR-alpha-1, able to hybridize with mRNA coding for the HLA-DR alpha
      chain was identified. From the nucleotide sequence of one end of the insert an
      amino acid sequence was predicted which is identical to part of the amino
      terminal sequence of an HLA-DR alpha-chain preparation isolated from Raji cells.
      This clearly shows that pDR-alpha-1 carries almost the complete message for an
      HLD-DR alpha-chain. From the nucleotide sequence of this plasmid it will be
      possible to predict the primary structure of an HLA-DR alpha-chain.

PMID- 6815785
TI  - Lectins as inducers of interferon-gamma production in human lymphocytes: lentil
      lectin is highly efficient.
AB  - Several of many tested plant lectins induced interferon (IFN) production in
      cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBL). The mannose
      binding lectin obtained from Lens culinaris (LCL) was a particularly efficient
      inducer of trypsin-sensitive antiviral activity, which qualified as IFN-gamma
      because it was 90-95% destroyed by pH 2 treatment but not neutralized by anti-IFN
      gamma antibodies. However, such antibodies neutralized the residual 5-10% pH 2
      resistant IFN, which therefore represented IFN-alpha. Further evidence for the
      IFN-gamma nature of the LCL-induced IFN was that its production in PBL cultures
      required both T lymphocytes and macrophages and that its induction of antiviral
      resistance in human amnion cells was significantly delayed compared with IFN
      alpha. Under optimal conditions LCL induced titres of IFN-gamma corresponding to
      more than 20,000 IFN-alpha units/ml medium, higher than observed with other
      tested, established IFN-gamma inducers. Other desirable properties of this
      lectin, as discussed, also suggest that it will be of value for efficient large
      scale IFN-gamma production.

PMID- 6815786
TI  - Epidemiological aspects on acute viral hepatitis in northern Italy.
AB  - Incidence and epidemiological features of acute hepatitis types A, B and non-A
      non-B have been evaluated in 332 consecutive patients hospitalized in Padova,
      Italy. Hepatitis B was diagnosed in 59% of cases and was frequently related to
      drug addition, health care work and household contact with HBsAg-positive
      subjects. Hepatitis A represented 22% of cases and its peak incidence occurred in
      the second decade. Non-A non-B hepatitis affected 15% of patients including not
      only transfusion or drug related forms, but also sporadic cases that prevailed
      among elderly women.

PMID- 6815787
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis with
      cefsulodin.
AB  - 20 patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      infection underwent a total of 23 courses of treatment with a new cephalosporin,
      cefsulodin. The patients were given 100-150 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 14
      days, alone or in combination with tobramycin. Maximum serum levels were around
      150 microgram/ml and 6-h levels above 5 micrograms/ml. 90% of the infecting
      strains were sensitive to 5 micrograms/ml in vitro. Apart from discomfort in
      direct relation to intravenous bolus injection the drug was well tolerated.
      Clinical improvement was pronounced, and in 5 cases. P. aeruginosa disappeared
      from bronchial secretions. Patients allergic to carbenicillin tolerated
      cefsulodin without signs of allergy. Cefsulodin thus appears to be an effective
      alternative to carbenicillin in the treatment of severe P. aeruginosa infections.

PMID- 6815788
TI  - [Opinions and attitudes with regard to geriatric health services and long term
      care].

PMID- 6815789
TI  - Renal transplantation with living donor.
AB  - In 1967-1980, 134 renal transplantations with living donor were carried out.
      Eleven transplantations were done on children under 15 years old, 6 on patients
      over 50. The remainder were 15-50 years old. Twenty-three patients died. The
      patient survival was 92 per cent after one year, 76 per cent after 5 years and 54
      per cent after 10 years. Graft survival was 84 per cent after one year, 68 per
      cent after 5 years and 48 per cent after 10 years. Psychological and psychiatric
      problems as well as legal and economic aspects of the donor's situation are
      discussed.

PMID- 6815791
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine: methodological aspects and
      preliminary results in uremic patients.

PMID- 6815790
TI  - Comparison of two different immunosuppressive dosages of methylprednisolone in
      clinical renal transplantation.
AB  - In order to study the immunosuppressive effect of methylprednisolone, thirty
      cadaver kidney recipients where randomly allocated into two groups: the low dose
      control group and the high dose experimental group. In 12 patients in the control
      group a clinical rejection episode occurred within two weeks of the
      transplantation, 3 rejections were irreversible, whereas 7 patients rejected in
      the experimental group, there were no irreversible rejections. In the low dose
      group the clinical rejection occurred significantly earlier. Fine needle
      aspiration biopsies of the grafts showed that the number of macrophages
      infiltrating the graft was significantly lower in the experimental group.
      Increasing the dose of methylprednisolone given prophylactically can modify the
      number and severity of rejection episodes early after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6815792
TI  - Histocompatibility. Influence of HLA-DR matching on renal graft survival. A
      Scandiatransplant report.

PMID- 6815793
TI  - The influence of HLA-DR match on cadaveric renal graft survival. Experience from
      Stockholm.
AB  - The influence of HLA-DR match on graft and patient survival was analyzed in 124
      cadaveric kidney transplant recipients treated between January 1977 and September
      1980. The material consisted of 90 primary transplant and 34 retransplants. The
      mean patient age was 49 years, 72 were males and 52 females. Eighteen of the
      recipients were diabetics. Sera against the HLA-DR antigens 1-5, 7 and DRw8 were
      available, for DRS only during the later half of the period. When the case
      material was divided according to the number of donor-recipient HLA-DR antigens
      shared, a significant improvement in graft survival was found if one antigen was
      shared as compared to none shared. When 2 antigens were shared graft survival was
      excellent but there were only 7 such cases. When division was performed according
      to the number of existing HLA-DR incompatibilities, a significant improvement in
      graft survival was noted when there were no incompatibilities as compared with 2
      incompatibilities. The distribution of foreign HLA-A, B antigens was even between
      the DR match groups and did therefore not constitute a bias. We conclude that
      matching for the HLA-DR antigens has a major beneficial effect on cadaveric
      kidney graft survival.

PMID- 6815794
TI  - HLA-DR matching: the impact on cadaveric renal transplantation. A single-center
      study.

PMID- 6815795
TI  - Important of HLA matching in cadaveric renal transplantation. A prospective one
      center study.
AB  - Matching for the HLA-A and -B antigens was found to have a significant influence
      on the outcome of 459 cadaveric first transplants, with a difference in graft
      survival of 21% at one year between best and worst matched grafts (p = 0.003).
      Matching for the HLA-DR antigens seemed to have an even greater influence. In a
      material of 226 prospectively typed transplants, a difference in graft survival
      of 35% at one year between best and worst matched transplants was found (p =
      0.03). In the HLA-DR matched transplants there was no significant effect of
      matching for the HLA-A and -B antigens. An effect of pre-transplant blood
      transfusions was possibly seen only in DR mismatched transplants, but the effect
      was not statistically significant. The results indicate that major emphasis
      should be placed on obtaining HLA-DR compatibility in renal transplantation.

PMID- 6815796
TI  - HLA-DR typing in cadaver kidney donors and recipients in Copenhagen.
AB  - Among 224 cadaver kidney transplantations performed since Spring 1977, successful
      DR typing of both donor and recipient could be done in 149 cases. Assessment of
      DR match grade and clinical data was done independently. The minimum observation
      time was 3 months and the time of follow up was 1 December, 1980. There was an
      effect of DR matching which became significant when only 1. transplants were
      considered and high risk recipients (i.e. diabetics) excluded. Transfusions were
      of minor importance on graft survival and the difference was only obvious in the
      first year after transplantation. Matching for HLA-A, B antigen had no obvious
      effect on graft survival in this material.

PMID- 6815798
TI  - Effect of nifA gene product on expression of lacZ under nifH promoter in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Gene expression of the nitrogen fixation system from Klebsiello pneumonice was
      studied in Escherichia coli by using compatible plasmids as vectors. One
      constructed plasmid carried the nifH promoter fused to the structural gene for
      beta-galactosidase, lac Z. Another plasmid carried the promoter of a tetracycline
      resistance gene fused to nifA. We found that anaerobic synthesis of beta
      galactosidase was greatly enhanced by the presence of an active nifA gene,
      indicating that its product is a positive control factor for transcription of
      nifH. In addition, anaerobic expression of lacZ was repressed by ammonium or
      serine in the presence of nifA. Thus the regulatory mechanism under study is of
      physiological relevance.

PMID- 6815797
TI  - [Clinico-pathologic conference: anemia and kidney insufficiency in a 70-year-old
      female patient].

PMID- 6815799
TI  - Plasma levels of sodium valproate in childhood epilepsy.
AB  - Sodium Valproate levels in plasma have been measured in 207 children with
      epilepsy, only 21 of whom were in-patients. No significant correlation could be
      found between plasma levels and dose of Sodium Valproate expressed as mg/day,
      mg/kg body weight or mg/m2 surface area. This finding could not be attributed to
      irregular compliance, concomitant administration of other anticonvulsant drugs,
      time of sampling after last dose, duration of treatment or age of the child. We
      could find no evidence of a therapeutic range of plasma levels of Sodium
      Valproate and the ranges associated with poor (17%), moderate (44%) or good
      control (39%) of fits were not significantly different. The average daily dose
      producing an improvement in seizure control was calculated to be 30 mg/kg.

PMID- 6815800
TI  - DNA sequence of the gene encoding the E alpha Ia polypeptide of the BALB/c mouse.
AB  - A 3.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing the gene coding for the E alpha chain of
      an Ia (I region-associated) antigen from the BALB/c mouse has been sequenced. It
      contains at least three exons, which correlate with the major structural domains
      of the E alpha chain-the two external domains alpha 1 and alpha 2, and the
      transmembrane-cytoplasmic domain. The coding sequence of the mouse E alpha gene
      shows striking homology to its counterpart at the DNA and protein levels. The
      translated alpha 2 exon demonstrates significant similarity to beta 2
      microglobulin, to immunoglobulin constant region domains, and to certain domains
      of transplantation antigens. These observations and those of others suggest that
      the Ia antigen, transplantation antigen, and immunoglobulin gene families share a
      common ancestor.

PMID- 6815802
TI  - Decidual prolactin production in human gestation.

PMID- 6815801
TI  - Identification of a protein that purifies with the scrapie prion.
AB  - Purification of prions from scrapie-infected hamster brain yielded a protein that
      was not found in a similar fraction from uninfected brain. The protein migrated
      with an apparent molecular size of 27,000 to 30,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gels. The resistance of this protein to digestion by
      proteinase K distinguished it from proteins of similar molecular weight found in
      normal hamster brain. Initial results suggest that the amount of this protein
      correlates with the titer of the agent.

PMID- 6815803
TI  - Resource consumption and future organisation of medical work in the National
      Health Service.
AB  - Medical expenditure within the National Health Service (NHS) is based upon an
      arrangement whereby doctors share in common resources provided by the Health
      Authority. This arrangement is unsatisfactory when resources are contracting and
      leads to social regulation of medical activity. If doctors within the district
      work-group do not response to the challenge of cost-containment by internal
      organisation, more and more externally imposed regulations will result to the
      detriment of patients and doctors. The continual redevelopment of organisation to
      permit the optimal mix of internal and external regulation should be a subject of
      long-term enquiry and action for doctors in each district.

PMID- 6815804
TI  - Striated myoepithelial cells.

PMID- 6815805
TI  - [Assessment of the contribution of public health workers toward increasing the
      efficiency of social production].

PMID- 6815806
TI  - [Methodologic approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of prevention of
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6815807
TI  - [Indications for rehabilitative and reconstructive operations on the biliary
      tract].

PMID- 6815808
TI  - [On the occasion of the centenary of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus].

PMID- 6815809
TI  - [Robert Koch. The discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus and its first report in
      Mexico].

PMID- 6815810
TI  - [The etiology of tuberculosis by Dr Robert Koch].

PMID- 6815811
TI  - [Immunology of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815812
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815813
TI  - [Primary resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6815814
TI  - A two-step procedure for obtaining 80-fold enriched suspensions of murine
      pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells.
AB  - A method to enrich for murine pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells is described. It
      consists of two steps. Cells with a density of less than 1.072 g/cm3 at 4 degrees
      C are first selected from mouse bone marrow by a single-step bovine serum albumin
      density separation. These low-density cells are then labeled with fluoresceinated
      wheat germ lectin and sorted by a light-activated cell sorter on the basis of
      differences in light scatter and fluorescence intensities. Numbers of pluripotent
      stem cells were determined by the spleen colony assaY (CFU-S). The concentration
      of CFU-S was 80 times higher in the sorted cell suspension than in the
      unfractionated control.

PMID- 6815815
TI  - Neurofibromatous orbitocranial dysplasia in childhood.

PMID- 6815816
TI  - Alveolar and peripheral venous gas changes during breath-hold diving.
AB  - Two fit young men were tested in a laboratory pool at 22 degrees C and 1 m depth
      before and after hyperventilation/breath-hold diving lasting 90 seconds. The
      percentages of alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined on a Polygas
      analyser and converted to partial pressures (PAO2 and PACO2) at an atmospheric
      pressure of 86 kPa at 20 degrees C, room temperature. PAO2 and PACO2 values were
      cross-checked by collecting expiratory gas in a Douglas bag and using the Haldane
      gas analyser. Peripheral venous blood was 'arterialized' and analysed for CO2
      (PVCO2) using the Radiometer ABL1 gas analyser. For ethical reasons, arterial
      punctures were not considered in these healthy subjects. Peripheral venous blood
      was obtained under near steady-state conditions from the dorsum of the hand,
      which was warmed to 38 degrees C. The results of hyperventilation/breath-hold
      diving are illustrated. PAO2 increased after hyperventilation and decreased to
      below 5 kPa after the dive. PACO2 decreased after hyperventilation and increased
      after the dive. PVCO2 decreased after hyperventilation and increased after the
      dive. All values approached a common point between 3 and 5 kPa after the 90
      second dive. The CO2 content of arterialized peripheral venous blood closely
      follows that of alveolar air.

PMID- 6815817
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Far East: comparison of
      plasmid species in isolates from six countries.
AB  - In vitro susceptibility testing of 36 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated
      in the Far East in 1979 and 1980 demonstrated that 27 penicillinase-producing
      (PPNG) isolates and nine non-penicillinase-producing (non-PPNG) isolates were
      susceptible to chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin, trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone, moxalactam, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. In
      comparison, 50% of the strains had MICs of tetracycline of greater than 2
      micrograms/ml, and 75% had MICs, of streptomycin of greater than 128
      micrograms/ml. Eighty-two per cent of PPNG and 100% of non-PPNG isolates examined
      had MICs of kanamycin of greater than 32 micrograms/ml. None of the nine non-PPNG
      strains had MICs of ampicillin and penicillin of greater than 1 microgram/ml. A
      4.4-megadalton plasmid, previously associated with beta-lactamase production, was
      found in all 27 PPNG isolates examined; 93% of PPNG and 22% of non-PPNG isolates
      contained a 24-megadalton plasmid previously associated with transfer of the 4.4
      megadalton plasmid.

PMID- 6815818
TI  - The value of the cervical gram stain in the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea
      in women in a venereal disease clinic.
AB  - In a venereal disease clinic population of 8,537 women, 1,179 (70%) of 1,675
      cases of gonorrhea were detected at the initial visit by the use of the cervical
      gram stain. The results of cervical cultures indicated that specificity of the
      gram stain was 97%. Use of the cervical gram stain, combined with epidemiologic
      treatment of potentially exposed patients, permitted treatment of 1,531 (91%) of
      1,675 infected women at the initial clinic visit; this proportion represented an
      increase of 42% over treatment based solely upon epidemiologic grounds. Of the
      124 patients who were not treated at the initial visit and who required treatment
      at a second visit, nine (7.3%) developed pelvic inflammatory disease during the
      interval between visits. Although a test of only moderate sensitivity, the
      cervical gram stain, used as an adjunct to the culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
      provided the advantages of diagnosis at the initial visit and informed treatment,
      facilitated the case-finding process, and minimized treatment defaulter rates and
      the potential risks of sequelae and transmission of gonorrhea before results of
      cultures were known.

PMID- 6815819
TI  - The brustwarze, or nipple ring.

PMID- 6815820
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of root canal disinfectants, influence of their permeability
      and vapor on their antimicrobiological effect].

PMID- 6815821
TI  - The laser in ophthalmology.

PMID- 6815822
TI  - Lead encephalopathy from gasoline sniffing: successful treatment with chelation.

PMID- 6815823
TI  - Low-dose aspirin inhibits platelet and venous cyclo-oxygenase in man.
AB  - In a group of normal subjects we have compared rates of recovery of venous
      prostacyclin (PGI2) and platelet thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production after a single
      300 mg dose of aspirin. Marked inhibition of both venous PGI2 synthesis and
      platelet TXB2 synthesis persisted for the 72 hours duration of the study. We also
      examined the effect of four daily doses of 40 mg aspirin on platelet and vessel
      wall prostaglandin biosynthesis. This produced a cumulative inhibitory effect on
      TXB2 production with 98.6 per cent mean inhibition at 72 hours. At this time 81
      100 per cent inhibition of PGI2 was demonstrated in the four subjects studied. We
      conclude that the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in human vein is sensitive to inhibition
      by very low doses of aspirin. No evidence was found to substantiate the view that
      rapid recovery of vessel wall cyclo-oxygenase activity occurs after inhibition by
      a single dose of aspirin.

PMID- 6815824
TI  - HLA antigens in Bali (Indonesia) with a special reference to an isolated
      community.
AB  - One hundred eighty-two Balinese were typed for HLA-A and -B locus antigens. From
      these, 103 were also typed for HLA-C, 51 for HLA-DR, 172 for Bf and 173 for GLO.
      These results and the significant phenotypic associations are situated with
      respect to other South-East Asian populations. In addition to this first study,
      175 individuals from an isolated Balinese village typed for HLA-A, -B, -DR, Bf
      and GLO are presented. The effect of isolation on haplotype (HLA-A/-B/Bf/-DR)
      variability is discussed.

PMID- 6815825
TI  - HLA-SB in the south of France. Correlation between locally derived and reference
      typing reagents.
AB  - The HLA-D region of the Major Histocompatibility Complex has been subdivided
      since 1978 (Mawas et al. 1978) into two subregions separable by recombination: a
      telomeric subregion (closer to HLA-B), coding for the classical HLA-DR or Dw
      specificities (Mawas et al. 1980) as well as for the more recent MT series (Park
      et al. 1980); and a centromeric subregion (closer to GLO), coding for a new
      series of alleles provisionally named SB (for secondary B cell antigens) (Shaw et
      al. 1980, 1981a). Reagents allowing the identification of six independent alleles
      have been characterized in two laboratories (Charmot et al. 1980 and Shaw et al.
      1980, 1981b) using the technology of primed lymphocytes typing (Sheehy et al.
      1975; Mawas et al. 1975). The existence of this new locus is supported by the
      following arguments: population studies by Shaw demonstrating five traits
      distinct from DR behaving as alleles (Shaw et al. 1981b), analysis of two
      informative SB/DR recombinant families (Mawas et al. 1978; Mawas et al. 1980;
      Shaw et al. 1981a), and, finally, studies of mutants showing independent loss of
      DR expression without loss of SB expression (Kavathas et al. 1981). The present
      report summarizes the HLA-SB typing of 109 unrelated individuals from the South
      of France and segregation studies in 14 unrelated families; a first attempt to
      correlate local "SB" reagents with the NIH reference standards is presented.

PMID- 6815826
TI  - Calcium dependence and contraction in somite formation.
AB  - The existence of a calcium-dependent contractile process in the formation of
      somites from segmental plate mesoderm was investigated using a Ca2+ agonist and
      Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists. The contribution of cell movement and apical
      constriction in the segmentation process were assessed using SEM of normal and
      drug-treated somite and segmental plate tissue. Explants that contained segmental
      plates of stage 14-15 chick embryos were cultured on vitelline membranes in
      calcium- and magnesium-free (CMF) Hands' solution, liquid culture medium, and
      medium containing drugs. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 promoted the rapid completion of
      one new somite pair. CMF halted segmentation. The Ca2+ antagonists verapamil and
      papaverine reversibly inhibited segmentation. Theophylline did not inhibit
      segmentation, suggesting that the effects of the Ca2+ antagonists are not due to
      inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. These results suggest that
      somitogenesis is Ca2+-dependent. Two drugs that inhibit the binding of
      calmodulin, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine (TFP), halted segmentation. The
      inhibitory effect of TFP was reversible. The effects of TFP on somites were
      compared with those of cytochalasin D. The contribution of microtubules to cell
      shape and movement in somitogenesis was examined by incubation with nocodazole, a
      reversible inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Cell elongation and somitogenesis
      were inhibited.

PMID- 6815828
TI  - Depletion, accumulation and excretion of trace elements during total parenteral
      nutrition.

PMID- 6815829
TI  - CO2 response of the brain stem circulation and the intracranial pressure in
      experimental hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6815827
TI  - Use of microcarriers to isolate and culture pulmonary microvascular endothelium.
AB  - Microcarriers of known diameter can be used to collect endothelial cells from
      microvessels of the same or slightly smaller internal diameter. The procedure is
      illustrated by collection of endothelial cells from rabbit pulmonary pre
      capillary vessels. The lungs are perfused free of blood with physiological saline
      and then cold vessels. The lungs are perfused free of blood with physiological
      saline and then cold (4 degrees C) saline (containing EDTA, 0.02%, and
      microcarriers 600/ml; 40-60 micrometers diameter) is perfused via the pulmonary
      artery. The direction of flow is reversed periodically to collect the bead-cell
      harvest from the arterial side. Cold shock and EDTA cause the endothelial cells
      to detach from the vessels under conditions such that the cells remain attached
      to the microcarriers. The selective attachment to microcarriers is apparently
      aided by the tight fit of the beads within vessels of the same diameter. Beads do
      not emerge on the venous side, all being trapped at the pre-capillary level.
      Electron microscopic examination of lungs fixed during the perfusion shows that
      the beads lodge in terminal arterioles and pre-capillary vessels (approximately
      40-60 micrometers in diameter, with one, sometimes incomplete, muscle layer).
      Endothelial cells recovered on microcarriers can be allowed to migrate on to
      flasks and back on to beads. The resultant cultures have an endothelial
      morphology and possess high levels of angiotensin coverting enzyme and
      carboxypeptidase N activity.

PMID- 6815830
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of inhaled methylene chloride in rats.

PMID- 6815831
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyl immunotoxicity: dependence on isomer planarity and the
      Ah gene complex.

PMID- 6815832
TI  - Metabolism of methyl chloride to formate in rats.

PMID- 6815833
TI  - Comparison of acute toxic effects of intraperitoneally injected nitromethane and
      nitroethane in rats.
AB  - Male 3-month-old Wistar rats dosed i.p. with 200 mg/kg of nitromethane or -ethane
      showed increased acid proteinase activity in the brain 4 h after the injection.
      The change was accompanied by a marginal increase in the cerebral glutathione
      concentration. Nitroethane caused enhanced epoxide hydrolase and UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity in the hepatic microsomal fraction up to 48 h
      while 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase decreased. These biochemical changes were
      accompanied by proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and degranulation
      and disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the nitroethane-exposed
      liver cells. The hepatic effects of nitromethane were restricted to decreased
      cytochrome c reductase activity with proliferation of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. The results point at limited peroxidative damage possibly involving
      reduction of the nitrogroup.

PMID- 6815834
TI  - Carbaryl tricompartmental toxicokinetics and anticholinesterase activity.
AB  - The blood kinetics of carbaryl and the inhibition of plasma acetylcholinesterases
      were followed for 24 h after administration of 20 mg/kg [14C]carbaryl (0.17
      microCi/mg). The kinetics of the radioactivity attributed to unaltered carbaryl
      is bi-exponential whereas that of the total 14C activity is tri-exponential. The
      kinetics were treated with open 2- and 3-compartment models respectively. The
      exchange rate constants between the various compartments as well as the
      elimination constant (expressed in h-1) were found to be: k12 = 1.93, k21 = 1.18
      and k10 = 2.46 (2-compartment model) and k'12 = 18.65, k'21 = 13.90, k'13 = 1.14
      k'31 = 0.125 and k'10 = 0.672 (3-compartment model). The 3-compartment model
      demonstrates the persistence in the blood of 14C activity which correlated with
      plasma acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

PMID- 6815835
TI  - [Immunoglobulin content of the saliva and blood serum of periodontosis patients
      in the treatment process].

PMID- 6815836
TI  - [Investigations about late effects of exclusive radiotherapy of tumors of the
      epipharynx].
AB  - The late effects of ionizing radiation after radiotherapeutic healing of
      malignant tumors are of great interest. A report is given on sixteen patients
      with a malignant tumor of the epipharynx, who had been exclusively treated by
      radiotherapy and are regarded as cured. Only four of these patients had no
      complaints when examined, the others presented symptoms which were partly due to
      radiotherapy. The most important symptoms were rhinitis sicca and pharyngitis
      sicca induced by radiation. The complaints now indicated by the patients and the
      results of thorough clinical examinations are discussed and compared to
      communications of literature.

PMID- 6815837
TI  - The effects of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, upon physiological responses of
      the cerebral vasculature and its possible influence upon focal cerebral
      ischaemia.
AB  - The effects of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, were tested on the response of
      the cerebral circulation to arterial pCO2 and blood pressure changes. The effects
      of reduced blood flow upon oedema formation and extracellular ion homeostasis
      under nimodipine preloading were studied. Both open and closed skull primate
      models were used, with alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. Nimodipine infusion
      increased basal blood flow in the open skull, but not the closed skull animals.
      Autoregulation to increased blood pressure was little affected. Responses to
      arterial pCO2 changes and autorerulation to reduced blood pressure were severely
      imparied. Residual blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion was
      significantly higher with nimodipine than in controls. The threshold levels of
      blood flow for the development of cortical oedema and for disturbance of ion
      homeostasis were, however, increased, suggesting that nimodipine interferes with
      cellular energy metabolism and increases the susceptibility of tissue to
      ischaemic damage.

PMID- 6815838
TI  - A single T-cell receptor: a speculative review of the intrathymic generation and
      modulation of the repertoire.

PMID- 6815839
TI  - Detection and quantitation of fetal maternal hemorrhage utilizing an enzyme
      linked antiglobulin test.
AB  - Existing methods to evaluate fetal-maternal hemorrhage depend upon red blood cell
      agglutination or blood film elution techniques. These tests are insensitive and
      difficult to quantitate and reproduce. An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test was
      evaluated to determine its suitability for clinical testing of postpartum
      candidates for Rh immune globulin administration. Prepared mixtures of Rh
      positive fetal and Rh negative adult red blood cells approximating fetal maternal
      hemorrhage ratios of 0-2.0 percent were studied. In 43 assays, the enzyme-linked
      antiglobulin test consistently detected Rh positive fetal red blood cells in the
      0.5 and 0.25 percent mixtures representing a 25 ml and a 12.5 ml hemorrhage,
      respectively, in a 70-kg woman. The 0.125 percent red blood cell suspension was
      positive in 85 percent of the assays and the 0.0625 percent suspension was
      positive in 56 percent of the tests. Agglutination testing by Du variant
      technique failed to detect 25 percent of the 0.5 percent mixtures. Only 45
      percent of tests with the Rh immune globulin crossmatch detected the 0.5 percent
      mixture. A modified Kleihauer-Betke procedure was as sensitive, but less
      reproducible than the enzyme-linked antiglobulin test. Forty-seven Rh immune
      globulin candidates were studied to assess the quantity of fetal maternal
      hemorrhage. Fourteen patients (29.8%) had detectable Rh positive red blood cells
      by enzyme-linked antiglobulin tests but all hemorrhages were less than 12 ml;
      agglutination tests did not detect any fetal red blood cells. We conclude that
      the enzyme-linked antiglobulin test is a simple, sensitive, and objective
      procedure for detecting small amounts of Rh positive red blood cells in Rh
      negative blood and should be applicable to clinical testing of post-partum Rh
      immune globulin candidates.

PMID- 6815840
TI  - Demonstration of gene dosage effects on antigens in the Duffy, Ss, and Rh systems
      using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene dosage effects
      were demonstrated for the Duffy, Ss, and Rh red blood cell antigen systems. We
      report a comparison by an antibody-binding assay of the relative amounts of Fya
      and Fyb antigens on FyaFya, FyaFyb, FybFyb, FyaFyx, and FyxFyx erthrocytes, and
      of s antigen on cells homozygous and heterozygous for s. The immunosorbent assay
      also was used to study Rh antigens, and data which had been obtained using
      radiolabelled antibodies were confirmed.

PMID- 6815841
TI  - Effect of delayed refrigeration on plasma factors in whole blood collected in
      CPDA-2.
AB  - Extension of the time within which whole blood may be separated into components
      offers logistic advantages for the operation of remote mobile drawing teams. We
      evaluated the effect of an 8-hour hold of whole blood at room temperature before
      preparation of components. Plasma coagulation activity and opsonic factor content
      were studied in 14 units drawn into the anticoagulant-preservative solution
      citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-2). At the time of collection, an
      additional 7-ml aliquot was drawn into 1 ml of CPDA-2, the plasma separated and
      frozen immediately. Components were prepared from whole blood units allowed to
      rest undisturbed at 22 +/- 1 degrees C for 8 hours. After 8 hours, a significant
      decrement of about 10 percent was found in the concentration of fibrinogen,
      plasminogen, fibronectin, and activity of Factor V. Factor VIII activities
      (VIIIAHF and VIIIAGN) were not significantly different after 8 hours. Our results
      indicate that room temperature storage for 8 hours before component processing
      has minimal effects on potentially labile plasma protein factors using CPDA-2
      anticoagulant-preservative solution.

PMID- 6815842
TI  - Concerns about ALT testing.

PMID- 6815843
TI  - Genetic control of transplant rejection.

PMID- 6815844
TI  - Disseminated strongyloidiasis complicating acute renal allograft rejection.
      Prolonged thiabendazole administration and successful retransplantation.

PMID- 6815845
TI  - Preparation of pseudoislets for morphological and functional studies.

PMID- 6815846
TI  - Spleen and coagulation factors.

PMID- 6815848
TI  - [Preventive antibiotic therapy in surgical gastroenterology. VI. Local
      application to the operation wound in biliary and gastric surgery].

PMID- 6815847
TI  - [Diarrhea of the small intestine: analytical study of 50 cases].

PMID- 6815849
TI  - [Status epilepticus complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 6815850
TI  - [Progressive dementia, myoclonic epilepsy and visual hallucinations. A case of
      subacute spongiform encephalopathy].

PMID- 6815851
TI  - Effects of ultrasound on the longevity and reproductivity capacity of the female
      fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6815852
TI  - [Continuous gastric infusion of an elemental diet].

PMID- 6815853
TI  - Genitourinary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6815855
TI  - [Bacteriological and serological criteria of the effectiveness of the
      antibacterial therapy of ozena].

PMID- 6815854
TI  - Postoperative prophylactic intravesical instillation of cytosine arabinoside and
      mitomycin C in superficial bladder tumor. A follow-up study.
AB  - A follow-up study was made on 225 Japanese patients with superficial bladder
      tumors who were treated postoperatively with intravesical instillation of
      cytosine arabinoside and mitomycin C nineteen times during one year. Cumulative
      recurrence rates of the tumor were 16.7 and 41.9 per cent during the first 1 and
      3.5 years after surgery, respectively. These results are superior to the previous
      findings in cases in which instillation therapy was not given. Histologically,
      there was no definite difference in recurrence among the groups with low-grade
      and high-grade tumors. The recurrence rate of multiple tumors was higher than
      that of a solitary tumor. Earlier postoperative instillation appeared to be more
      effective during the initial one year after surgery.

PMID- 6815856
TI  - [The content of free amino acids in arterial and venous blood of cows].
AB  - Before and after milking the order of free amino acids was very much alike but
      differences were observed in amino acid content levels. After milking the venous
      blood of cows had less free amino acids than before milking; this testifies to
      their utilization for proteosynthesis in the udder, except for some glucoplastic
      amino acids whose content increased after milking. The changes in the content of
      free amino acids in the blood of cows before and after milking draw attention to
      the fact that blood-borne precursors are transformed in the udder.

PMID- 6815857
TI  - [The efficiency of hexose energy transformation into energy for volatile fatty
      acid production in the rumen of sheep fed diets containing sawdust].
AB  - Based on the production and interrelationship of volatile fatty acids (VFA), the
      mathematical method according to Orskov et al. (1968) was used to determine the
      efficiency of VFA production, and/or conversion of the energy of hexoses
      contained in fodders into VFA energy in rumen. VFA were separated by gas
      chromatography. The energy yield of VFA production in the rumen contents of
      wethers was averaged from the samples taken one, three and five hours after
      feeding. Whethers were fed 11 experimental diets, in which a part of bulk fodder
      (5-20%) was replaced by treated or untreated sawdust, and/or a diet without
      sawdust. The energy yield varied from 73.12 to 76.51% and the maximum values were
      achieved with the diets containing no sawdust. Compared with the diets with
      sawdust addition, the differences are statistically significant (P less than
      0.05). The addition of the treated beech sawdust to the same diet, in comparison
      with untreated sawdust resulted in a higher energy yield of VFA production,
      however, with no statistical significance. The ratio of acetate to propionate was
      in a direct but negative relationship to energy yield of VFA production (n = 44,
      r = -0.905, P less than 0.001). Therefore the diets rich in cellulose, which
      cause an increase in the molar percentage of acetic acid and a subsequent
      increase in the ratio of acetate to propionate, might be responsible for the
      energy losses in the form of methane and can result in the decrease in total
      energy balance (Orskov et al., 1968).

PMID- 6815858
TI  - [Use of proteins in the feed mixture in early weaning of pigs].
AB  - Eighty-three piglets weaned at the average age of 28, 27 and 25 days were
      subjected to three trials to compare the effectiveness of the use of complete
      feed mixtures for early-weaned piglets (COS 1 and COS 2) and experimentally
      prepared mixtures lower in protein and higher in energy, in some cases with an
      addition of carbadox. In the first 14 days after weaning the piglets fed the
      mixtures with 90 to 95 g less nitrogen compounds in kg had the same body weight
      gains, higher feed consumption, and 20% lower consumption of nitrogen compounds
      per kg of gain than had the piglets given the COS 1 mixture. In the subsequent
      period of six to thirteen days, the production data demonstrated the economic
      effectiveness of the use of the experimentally prepared mixtures (the condition
      was that the level of nitrogen compounds did not decrease to 152 g per kg). The
      improvement of protein conversion through an increase in the ratio of digestible
      energy to feed protein by 50%, as compared with the COS 1 mixture at the nitrogen
      compound content of 200 g per kg, and the possibility of further reduction in
      nitrogen compound level after 14 days from weaning, indicate the way how to
      change the system of nutrition in early-weaned piglets. The high-protein
      commercial mixture, used to-date, causing high uraemia in the piglets, is not
      suitable, as demonstrated by physiological, health, and particularly economic
      data.

PMID- 6815859
TI  - [Loss of heat through the skin in piglets in pigsties with and without windows].
AB  - In 1980 and 1981 tests were performed to verify the new methodical procedure of
      measuring heat flow by means of Alfameter and to evaluate the liberation of heat
      from the skin of piglets kept in two-storeyed cages in the finishing houses of
      the TEROZ TACHOV type. One of these houses was windowless, the other had windows.
      The temperature, humidity and flow rates of the air inside the houses were
      measured at the same time. The comparison of the two types of houses showed that
      under the given conditions the houses with windows implied a higher rate of
      cooling and a higher density of heat flow over the skin of the weanlings. In the
      windowed as well as windowless houses, the pigs in the upper row of cages showed
      a higher rate of heat liberation from the skin, as compared with the lower row.
      The piglets kept in the windowed house had lower gains and lower mortality rates.

PMID- 6815860
TI  - [Administration of vaccine against myxomatosis using live MXT by means of
      external ear puncture with a special needle].
AB  - A new application method was developed and tested for the immunoprophylaxis of
      rabbits against myxomatosis using a live MXT vaccine. This new application method
      -injection of the ear with a special double needle--is very simple and easy. Its
      use enables a five-fold increase in vaccination doses as compared with
      subcutaneous application while the amount of vaccine remains the same. In
      laboratory this method with the MXT vaccine secured a 98.2% protection of the
      vaccinated animals. One vaccination dose contains 18.1 to 37.2 PD50. Eleven
      months from a single vaccination by injecting the ear, 83% of the rabbits still
      remained protected against experimental infection. With the use of the new
      application method of injecting the ear with the special double needle, the live
      MXT vaccine against myxomatosis in rabbits represents an effective, easily
      practicable and economically advantageous direction in the immunoprophylaxis of
      rabbits against myxomatosis.

PMID- 6815861
TI  - [Pathomorphological changes in the eyes of turkeys in Salmonella arizonae
      infections].
AB  - In one flock, one-eye blindness was observed in the chronical course of disease
      after infection with the germs of Salmonella arizonae. Changes such as
      granulomatous iridocyclochorioretinitis with the finding of the bacterial
      causative agent directly in the pathologically affected tissue were diagnosed on
      the basis of detailed histological examination of the affected eyeballs. The
      changes affected almost all parts of the eyeball (iris, ciliary body, lens,
      retina and chorioid) and were characterized by mononuclear infiltrate with
      differently intensive admixture of heterophils. The lens was liable to
      degeneration and fragmentation and giant-cell granulomes of different sizes
      formed in the posterior chamber.

PMID- 6815862
TI  - [Ketonuria in dairy cows].
AB  - In 3337 dairy cows, urine was examined for ketone bodies by help of Bililabstix
      during the first and second phase of lactation and in the eighth to the ninth and
      a half month of pregnancy; at the same time needed supply of energetic nutrients
      in 175 summer and 308 winter feed rations was calculated. Intensity and frequency
      of ketonuria in lactating cows fed winter rations is significantly higher than in
      those fed green feeds; it decreases significantly with a phase of lactation and
      with milk production. On the contrary, cows in late pregnancy have higher
      intensity and frequency of ketonuria (32.9%) when fed green feeds than when fed
      winter rations (30.7%). In winter feed rations energy input was significantly
      lower, percentage of deficient feed rations at a relatively broader caloric
      protein ratio was higher than in summer season. The highest deficits of energy
      and digestible nitrogen compounds were observed in cows in the first phase of
      lactation. Discussion concerns the causes and mechanisms of different ketonuria
      in groups of dairy cows in relation to deficit of energetic nutrients, caloric
      protein ratio, to the level of glycaemia, non-esterified fatty acids in plasma,
      triglycerides of plasma and to the state of liver function.

PMID- 6815863
TI  - [Economic losses due to cysticercosis in cattle].
AB  - Based on the data collected by Large Fattening Houses, economic consequences of
      cysticercosis in cattle reared on the farm Ceske Velenice (district Jindrichuv
      Hradec) were evaluated. On this farm, a mass occurrence of cysticercosis was
      observed throughout the period of 1975 to 1977, a partial occurrence in 1978, as
      after-effect from the previous period. The number of infected bulls was
      calculated from the number of animals in which cysticercosis was detected in the
      slaughter-houses. The highest percentage of bulls suffering from cysticercosis at
      the time of purchase was found in 1976-69.1%; beginning the April of 1976, the
      occurrence amounted almost to 100%; the decrease started in the April of 1977.
      Cysticercosis affected the average realization price which in 1976 was as low as
      8.56 Kcs (Czechoslovak crowns) per one kg of live weight. In that year, financial
      losses amounted up to 6.93 Kcs per 1 kg of live weight in all sold animals. The
      total direct financial losses due to cysticercosis in the bulls on this farm
      equalled 2,567,799 Kcs, till the year 1978 when this parasitosis was eradicated.

PMID- 6815864
TI  - [Changes in metabolic indicators in cattle by season of the year].
AB  - The study was aimed at informing about the results of metabolic trials in large
      cattle stocks for the period from 1977 to 1980, particularly in view of the
      dynamics of changes in different metabolic parameters in each year season. The
      histogram method of statistical evaluation was used. Attention is drawn to the
      prevailing risk factors in each season and it is possible to investigate the
      general trend of the rise of new metabolic disorders, or suppression of older
      ones, in large cattle stocks. The risk metabolic factors of each season can be
      derived from the results. The summer season is characterized by the tendency to
      metabolic and respiratory acidosis, by the highest elimination of calcium
      combined with potassium stress, and by a lack of sodium ions. In the autumn the
      animals show a more pronounced form of metabolic and respiratory acidosis, not
      always sufficiently compensated; the liver is overloaded, there is a tendency to
      hypocalcaemia, and ketosis occurs more frequently, often very pronounced. In
      winter the acid-base balance of blood improved, acidosis is compensated more
      intensively by the renal route, calcium is increasingly eliminated in the urine,
      the overload on liver function is at its maximum, and ketosis occurs most
      frequently. The spring findings included increased elimination of calcium with
      the urine, the lowest Ca X P product over the whole year (this is in a high
      correlation with the higher activities of the ALP enzyme). the highest load of
      nitrogen compounds and worsened haemogenesis. It can be stated that the mentioned
      results represent some improvement in the metabolic profile as compared with
      earlier studies. The situation in enzyme activities can be regarded as a factor
      of deterioration: high activities of alkaline phosphatase documenting a tension
      in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, and increasing occurrence of
      chronical overloading of liver function, particularly in winter.

PMID- 6815865
TI  - [Isotope nephrography in studying the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in pigs].
AB  - The cis-DDP (Cisplatin) nephrotoxicity and its prevention by hydration in
      experimental pigs was studied by laboratory and patho-morphological examinations
      and by isotope nephrography (renography). In total, 33 nephrographic examinations
      were performed in 14 pigs. The comparison of these nephrographs with the
      laboratory and post-mortem patho-morphological examinations showed that all
      findings were in perfect accordance. Only in exceptional cases there was a
      discrepancy between the pathological nephrograph and the type of kidney damage.
      The possibility of using the isotope nephrography as a progressive complementary
      method of the kidney function examination, under the condition of securing
      suitable maximum immobility of pigs, was fully proved.

PMID- 6815867
TI  - [The effect of a diet enriched with vitamin E on selected hematological and
      biochemical indicators in chickens].
AB  - The influence of the Czechoslovak developmental preparation of vitamin E, added
      to the feeding mixture in loose form (40 mg . kg-1) for the broiler-type chickens
      (from the 1st day after hatching to the 49th day of age), on the red blood count,
      peroxidase haemolysis of erythrocytes and on the activities of glutamate
      oxalacetate transaminase (AST) and glutamate-pyruvale transminase (ALT) was
      studied. The results were compared with those achieved with chickens administered
      the same dose of the so far used vitamin E in the oil form, Soviet-made
      preparation and the Swiss-made preparation Rovimix E, and with the group of
      chickens fed the diets containing no vitamin E. Up to the age of 21 days no
      marked differences in the erythrograms were observed, and the erythrocyte
      oxidation haemolysis and the AST and ALT activities were high in all groups of
      chickens. Similarly, from the 28th day to the day of killing the values of red
      blood picture showed no substantial changes. In the chickens fed no vitamin E,
      the degree of erythrocyte haemolysis was statistically significantly the highest
      (14.0-38.8%), however, beginning the 28th day, the high haemolysis values were
      also observed in the chickens fed the oil preparation of vitamin E (16.8-21,7%).
      The lowest erythrocyte haemolysis was found in the chickens fed the Czechoslovak
      made preparation (1.2-12.1%) and chickens fed the diet without vitamin E
      supplement (2.1-3.39 mukat . 1(-1); the administered preparation had no effect on
      the ALT activity.

PMID- 6815866
TI  - [Chromosome analysis of swine and their offspring with muscular weakness of the
      extremities].
AB  - The chromosome analysis was used to examine three triads (sire - dam - progeny)
      and two pairs (sire - dam) after whom the progeny inherited the muscular
      dystrophy of extremities. In the first case, the examination included the
      progeny, in the second case only the parents. The examination was performed by
      using lymphocyte caryotypes of peripheral blood and evaluated by the method after
      Moorhead et al. (1960) modified by Lojda et al. (1974). Each animal had a
      separate card. In all animals, hyposomy, hyperploidy and polysomy occurred most
      frequently, less frequent was the occurrence of breaks. With respect to the
      variability of the found numerical and structural changes in caryotypes of the
      examined animals, it was impossible to generalize the specificity of these
      changes for the muscular dystrophy of extremities in pigs.

PMID- 6815868
TI  - [Biological assay for trichothecenes in grain].
AB  - Three different extract preparation procedures were used to produce the extracts
      to be applied to the skin of rabbits. In this way one hundred samples of the
      grains (wheat - 35, barley - 31, maize - 10, rye - 10, oats - 14) originating
      from the South Moravian, West Slovakian and East Slovakian regions were tested.
      These samples were taken from the 1980 crop which grew under climatic conditions
      extremely suitable for the growth of fusaria and the production of mycotoxins.
      Out of one hundred tested samples only five (5%) had a toxic effect on the rabbit
      skin. Out of these five samples only three (3%) contained T-2 toxin at the amount
      of 1 mg . kg-1 (two barley samples) and 0.1 mg . kg-1 (one barley sample) when
      examined semiquantitatively. The dermal changes evoked by two other samples were
      caused by other mycotoxins of the trichothecene group because the phenomenon
      typical of T-2 toxin (stronger skin reaction after 48 hrs than after 24 hrs after
      application) was not observed. The described method is recommended for screening
      examination of the grains for the presence of trichothecene mycotoxins.

PMID- 6815869
TI  - Extracutaneous mast-cell tumor in the dog.
AB  - Three neoplasms of extracutaneous mast-cell origin, arising from the nasopharynx,
      oral cavity, and hepatopancreatic lymph nodes respectively, were diagnosed in
      three dogs. The neoplasms had histologic features similar to those of cutaneous
      mast-cell tumors, but had limited metastasis mostly involving the regional lymph
      nodes. One dog had a perforating duodenal ulcer, suggesting that duodenal ulcers
      can occur with extracutaneous tumors as they do with some cutaneous mast-cell
      tumors in the dog.

PMID- 6815870
TI  - Experimental fecal transmission of human cryptosporidia to pigs, and attempted
      treatment with an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor.
AB  - Fecal material collected from an immunologically deficient man with persistent
      cryptosporidia infection was stored in potassium dichromate for two weeks and
      then fed (inoculated) to newborn pigs. The six inoculated newborn pigs shed the
      organism in their feces starting four to five days afer inoculation and
      continuing for as long as 22 days after inoculation. Pigs which were killed and
      necropsied while shedding had cryptosporidia infection of ileum, cecum, and
      colon. Infected pigs had atrophied ileal villi and flattened irregular cecal and
      colonic epithelium. Uninoculated littermate controls remained free to the
      infection and had histologically normal intestinal tracts at necropsy. Treatment
      of three of the six inoculated pigs with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor,
      DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, orally for ten days had no apparent effect on
      the infection.

PMID- 6815871
TI  - Mucosal microhernias in the nonhuman primate colon: their role in the
      pathogenesis of colonic disease.
AB  - Microhernias of colonic mucosal glands through the muscularis mucosae are common
      in human and nonhuman primate colons, and are related to submucosal lymphoid
      nodules. In nonhuman primates they have been shown to play an important role in
      the spread of inflammatory diseases from the lamina propria to the submucosa by
      allowing the infective agents to pass through the muscularis mucosae. The
      lymphoid tissue of the alimentary tract is composed predominantly of B
      lymphocytes and produces humoral antibodies. This property of the lymphoid
      component of these microhernias may thus play a significant role in determining
      which infective colonic diseases penetrate into the submucosa and which remain
      largely confined to the lamina propria.

PMID- 6815873
TI  - A survey of pancreatic lesions in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Approximately 3,000 microslides of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections of
      pancreas from 1,000 nonhuman primates were reviewed. Sections were from 557
      females and 443 males; 658 were adults of unknown age and 342 were laboratory
      born animals of known age. The latter included 94 animals less than one year old,
      92 from one to five years old, and 156 from five to more than 20 years old. There
      were 326 squirrel monkeys, 319 rhesus monkeys, 100 great apes, 123 other
      macaques, 61 other Old World monkeys, 39 other New World monkeys, and 32
      prosimians. Pancreatic lesions of varied severity found in 187 (18.7%) of these
      nonhuman primates included focal parenchymal or periductal accumulations of
      mononuclear inflammatory cells with varied degrees of periductal fibrosis in 77;
      hyalinized islets (amyloidosis) in 29; acute or chronic diffuse pancreatitis in
      18; chronic focal pancreatitis with or without ductal hyperplasia in ten;
      neoplasms in 11; hemorrhage of the parenchyma or islets in eight; parasites in
      seven; lymphoid or ectopic splenic nodules of the parenchyma in six; acinar
      ectasia in six; focal parenchymal fat in six; ectopic pancreas in four;
      parenchymal cysts without fibrosis in three; acinar cell atrophy in one; and
      cystic fibrosis-like changes in one.

PMID- 6815872
TI  - An analysis of the association of gastroenteric lesions with chronic wasting
      syndrome of marmosets.
AB  - Retrospective pathology data from necropsies of 162 marmosets, Saguinus oedipus,
      were studied to determine the nature of chronic wasting syndrome, a poorly
      defined entity associated with a high mortality rate in many marmoset colonies.
      Paraffin sections of the gastroenteric organs of 116 of these marmosets were re
      examined in detail; lesions were identified, quantitated, and analyzed with a
      method of multiple chi-square testing for possible associations between findings.
      Five distinct disease entities were identified: prosthenorchosis, amebiasis,
      paramyxovirus disease, sepsis, and chronic colitis. Lesions of several of these
      often occurred in the same monkey, and all but the first were associated with
      cachexia. Lesions of chronic colitis were crypt abscesses, mononuclear and
      polymorphonuclear infiltration of the lamina propria, epithelial cell atypia,
      karyorrhexis, and lymphoid hyperplasia. The cause of chronic colitis was not
      identified, nor was any explanation found for weight loss and increased
      susceptibility to disease.

PMID- 6815874
TI  - The pathoparasitology of the alimentary tract and pancreas of nonhuman primates:
      a review.
AB  - A review of the literature concerning the gross and histologic lesions associated
      with protozoal and metazoal parasitism in the alimentary tract and pancreas of
      nonhuman primates is presented. In addition, the natural history, morphology,
      life cycle, methods for diagnosis, and potential for zoonotic disease are
      reviewed briefly for each parasite discussed. The parasite species reviewed in
      detail are those most common or most likely to produce lesions in the alimentary
      tract and pancreas of the nonhuman primate host. All parasites, both pathogenic
      and nonpathogenic, in each major group (protozoa: flagellates, sarcodines,
      sporozoans, neosporans, and ciliates; and metazoa: trematodes, cestodes,
      nematodes, acanthocephalans, and pentastomids) that have been reported in the
      nonhuman primate alimentary tract and pancreas are presented in tables.

PMID- 6815875
TI  - Mycotic infections of the alimentary tract of nonhuman primates: a review.
AB  - Lesions of candidiasis, mucormycosis (phycomycosis), entomophthoramycosis,
      geotrichosis, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and coccidioidomycosis have
      been reported in the alimentary tract of nonhuman primates. Candidiasis and
      mucormycosis were reported most often. Both Old and New World monkeys and great
      apes are susceptible; infection is rare in prosimians. Ulcers and necrosis of the
      mucosa of the alimentary tract are the principal gross lesions. A granulomatous
      inflammatory process occurs in which the fungi are visible histologically on
      hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections, but they are seen and characterized
      better when stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or Gomori methenamine silver
      (GMS) techniques. Cultural or immunofluorescence studies, or both, are necessary
      for specific identification of the fungi. Immunosuppression is suggested as a
      predisposing factor in certain mycotic diseases.

PMID- 6815876
TI  - Isolation of influenza A viruses from birds in Great Britain during 1980 and
      1981.
AB  - During 1980 and 1981 influenza A viruses of subtypes H3N2, H3N8, H4N1, H4N6,
      H6N2, H6N8, H7N7, H11N8 and H11N9 were isolated from birds in Great Britain,
      usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. However, all viruses
      were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests.
      There was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (H6N8) but
      viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. Other viruses were isolated
      from exotic birds in zoos or bird collections.

PMID- 6815877
TI  - The influence of various bovine sera on the maintenance of Theileria parva
      lymphoblastoid cell culture.
AB  - Theileria parva infected lymphoblastoid bovine cells were grown in a medium based
      on HEPES-buffered RPMI 1640 with glutamine and antibiotics, supplemented with
      bovine serum. There were no significant differences in growth rate, viability,
      and percentage of infected cells when the substrate contained 10 or 20 per cent
      of either commercially available newborn calf serum of serum prepared from adult
      non-infected Friesian cattle or of serum prepared from a Friesian calf immunised
      against East Coast fever and having a high titre of antibodies to T. parva
      antigen in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. If studies showing that
      newborn calf serum gives results in the establishment and maintenance of T. parva
      cell culture similar to those of foetal calf serum are confirmed, this finding
      could mean an appreciable saving in the cost of in vitro work on this parasite.

PMID- 6815878
TI  - [The value of vasodilating treatment in the care of the hemorrhagic patient].

PMID- 6815879
TI  - [Detection and prevention of risk factors in infant morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 6815880
TI  - [Cleaning and disinfection in a radiology department].

PMID- 6815881
TI  - [A study on the influence of hazards at the working place on the health condition
      of workers].

PMID- 6815882
TI  - [The educational functions of the hospital unit].

PMID- 6815884
TI  - [Current concepts in anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 6815883
TI  - [The role of auxilliary personnel in neonatal surgical emergencies].

PMID- 6815885
TI  - [The role of auxilliary personnel in the rehabilitation of cardio-vascular
      patients].

PMID- 6815886
TI  - [Glaucoma].

PMID- 6815888
TI  - [Austrian quarantines, and their role on the Danubian border in the 18th and the
      19th centuries].

PMID- 6815887
TI  - [Autoclave sterilization of materials used in health units].

PMID- 6815889
TI  - [Our utmost reward: the recovery of the patient and his appreciation].

PMID- 6815890
TI  - A mutation in the adenovirus type 5 DNA binding protein that fails to
      autoregulate the production of the DNA binding protein.

PMID- 6815891
TI  - The drosophila X virus contains a 1-microM double-stranded RNA circularized by a
      67-kd terminal protein: high-resolution denaturation mapping of its genome.

PMID- 6815892
TI  - [Dynamics of the activity of the serum thymus factor during the development of
      mastocytoma P315 and lymphoma EL4 in mice].

PMID- 6815893
TI  - [Heterotopic ossifications in the area of the elbow joint and their treatment
      using ultrasound].

PMID- 6815894
TI  - Treatment by plasma exchange of a patient with hyperlipidemia and diabetic
      ketoacidosis with lesional pulmonary edema and acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The authors report a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia (148.5 mmol/l) in a 27
      year-old woman admitted for coma of unknown origin. Initial investigations
      revealed ketoacidosis, pancreatitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The
      diabetes was unknown. Ketoacidosis was rapidly controlled. The
      hypertriglyceridemia was corrected by one course of plasma exchange (4,400 ml)
      during which the patient returned to consciousness. The patient recovered without
      any sequelae. Only 2 similar cases, treated by plasma exchange, have been
      reported in the literature until now.

PMID- 6815895
TI  - Do you think that the cross match with donor red cells can be omitted when the
      serum of a patient has been tested for the presence of red cell alloantibodies
      with a cell panel?

PMID- 6815896
TI  - Importance of IgG subclasses of anti-Rh antibodies for the detection of Fc
      receptor-bearing human lymphocytes.
AB  - 13 anti-Rh sera were compared for their usefulness in the detection of Fc
      receptor-bearing lymphocytes (EAhum test). IgG subclasses of anti-Rh antibodies
      were determined by the antiglobulin test with monospecific sera and by the
      detection of Gm allotypic markers in the haemagglutination inhibition test. Six
      sera with IgG1 + IgG3 or IgG1 + IgG2 + IgG3 antibodies and one with pure IgG3
      antibodies were found to be useful, whereas six other sera with only IgG1 were
      unsuitable for the EAhum test. G3m markers were detected only on the anti-Rh
      antibodies which were capable of forming rosettes with lymphocytes. The data show
      that human peripheral lymphocytes possess Fc receptors for IgG3 immunoglobulins.

PMID- 6815897
TI  - [Kinetics of the interaction between human lymphoid cells and mitogens during the
      production of immune interferon].

PMID- 6815898
TI  - Anergy in high-risk surgical patients: the role of parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The finding of delayed hypersensitivity on skin testing has been used to predict
      the outcome following operations, traumas or severe illnesses and has been
      correlated with nutritional status in some reports. To test these hypotheses, we
      did weekly skin tests with a battery of four antigens on 98 high-risk patients
      referred to the nutritional support service. Anergy persisted or developed in 72
      patients, whereas 26 patients remained or became reactive. These two groups were
      comparable in number of days in hospital, age and amount and duration of
      parenteral nutrition. Infectious complications (68 percent versus 23 percent,
      P<.001), sepsis (35 percent versus 12 percent, P<.01) and mortality (33 percent
      versus 0 percent, P<.001) were more prevalent in anergic than in reactive
      patients. There was no correlation between nitrogen balance studies and skin test
      results. In most instances conversion of skin test results occurred as a
      consequence of appropriate surgical care rather than nutritional support. Whereas
      nutritional support is required in these high-risk patients, anergy should not be
      the sole indicator for giving nutritional support or delaying an operation.

PMID- 6815899
TI  - [Gastric pseudodiverticula simulating recurrent peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6815900
TI  - [Complications of the central venous feeding of mobilized patients with an all-in
      one solution].
AB  - 35 mobilized patients received continuous parenteral nutrition consisting of an
      all-in-one solution mixed together in this department right before use over a
      total period of 1155 days (mean per patient 33 days). The primary complication
      rate was: second puncture in 14%, pneumothorax in 11% and haemothorax in 3% of
      cases. Secondary complications: catheter-related sepsis was documented in 8.5%.
      Metabolic complications were not seen. The all-in-one solution is a satisfactory
      nutrient for long-term, low-risk administration by the route, suitable even in
      the case of mobilized patients, without the necessity of intensive metabolic
      monitoring.

PMID- 6815901
TI  - Biological control of vectors of disease. Sixth report of the WHO Expert
      Committee on Vector Biology and Control.

PMID- 6815902
TI  - Malaria control and national health goals. Report of the Seventh Asian Malaria
      Conference.

PMID- 6815903
TI  - The metabolism and excretion of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin in the rat.
AB  - 1. Oral administration of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-[U-14C]catechin to rats resulted in the
      excretion of 63% of the dose in urine, 24% in faeces and 7% as 14CO2 in the 17
      days following dosing. Persistent levels of 14C were noted in tissues, and 28
      days after dosing 3.7% of the dose was present in the animal body. 2. Biliary
      excretion accounted for 28.2% of the dose in 48h after dosing. The major biliary
      metabolite was 3'-O-methyl-(+)-catechin glucuronide. These experiments also
      demonstrated the dependence of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin on the presence of bile
      in the intestine for absorption. 3. Studies in vitro showed that intestinal micro
      organisms were unable to metabolize 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin. The compound did,
      however, undergo deesterification in plasma and also in liver-perfusion studies.
      In the latter experiments, conjugates of the liberated (+)-catechin were also
      formed. 4. Urinary metabolites were predominantly (80%) conjugates of (+)
      catechin and 3'-O-methyl-(+)-catechin. Ring scission products and 14CO2 were also
      excreted but not from rats with ligated bile ducts. These metabolites are
      therefore considered to arise from biliary metabolites not containing the ester
      linkage.

PMID- 6815904
TI  - The influence of L-4-oxalysine on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in drug
      metabolizing enzyme activity of mouse liver.
AB  - 1. Carbon tetrachloride (0.2 ml/kg) and L-4-oxalysine (200 mg/kg per day for two
      days) were administered to male mice separately, and together, and the liver drug
      metabolizing parameters measured. 2. Carbon tetrachloride alone depleted hepatic
      microsomal protein content by 50% and cytosolic sulphydryl compounds by 90%;
      oxalysine alone had no effect. 3. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 was decreased by
      60%, cytochrome b5 by 30%, ethylmorphine N-demethylation by 50% and 7
      ethyoxycoumarin O-deethylation by 80% following carbon tetrachloride
      administration; oxalysine had no effect on these losses. 4. After administration
      of carbon tetrachloride, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity was
      decreased by 16%; this effect was not seen when oxalysine and carbon
      tetrachloride were given together. Oxalysine alone slightly increased this enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 6815905
TI  - UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in rat-and hairless mouse skin-microsomes.
AB  - 1. Cutaneous UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity (E.C.2.4.1.17) was demonstrated
      in rat- and hairless mouse-skin microsomes using 1-naphthol as substrate. 2.
      Addition of the detergent Brij 35 increased the activity by approximately twofold
      in both species. 3. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that under the assay
      conditions used any UDP-glucuronic acid pyrophosphatase or beta-glucuronidase
      present did not interfere with the conjugation reaction. 4. Substrate inhibition
      was observed in hairless mouse-skin preparations and biphasic response to
      increasing naphthol concentration was seen in rat-skin microsomes. 5. The
      apparent Km values were considerably lower than those reported for liver. The sp.
      activity (per mg microsomal protein) in unactivated rat-skin microsomes was about
      50% of that reported in unactivated rat-liver microsomes. 6. Pretreatment with 3
      methylcholanthrene resulted in a small increase in cutaneous UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activities in both species.

PMID- 6815906
TI  - [Use of the formula diet "Rekonval"].

PMID- 6815907
TI  - FPL 52758 and disodium cromoglycate (INTAL) in exercise-induced infantile
      bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 6815909
TI  - [Quantitative determination of CO2-resorption from thermo-indifferent carbon
      dioxide mineral-water baths through human skin].
AB  - By means of mass spectrometric precision analysis of the natural variation of the
      12C/13 relation in carbon dioxide of different provenience we contrive to pursue
      quantitatively the penetration of CO2 from the water of natural containing
      carbonic acid mineral baths (mineral springs Bad Elster) into the human body
      (skin--blood--expiratory air). First experiments confirm that in a bath of 21 or
      20 minutes duration must be reckoned with a quantity of approximately equal to 24
      ml . min-1 . m-2 of resorbed carbon dioxide and that the size of the basic
      metabolic rate of the bathing patient as well as the CO2 concentration of the
      bath water have an influence on the resorption process as well as on the
      measurement. On the other hand, the unspecific effect of the bath activating
      metabolism itself does not lead to a simulation of increased resorption rates.
      The borderline value for the penetration of CO2 through the skin seems to be 1.0
      g . 1-1, i.e. within the region of the alkali reserve of the blood. The
      examinations are carried on.

PMID- 6815908
TI  - [Regulation of ketone body levels before and following elective surgical
      operations during different intravenous feedings].
AB  - 44 patients who had to undergo gastric resection and 28 patients who had to
      undergo cholecystectomy were divided into 4 groups each. Each group received
      parenterally a different energy source and calorie-nitrogen ratio. We intended to
      investigate the influence of different intravenous regimens on pre- and
      postoperative acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Patients undergoing
      gastric resection who received 0.36 g glucose/kg BW x h together with 1.14 g/kg
      BW x day 1-crystalline amino acids had the lowest postoperative ketone body
      concentration. A comparable group who received 0.36 g/kg BW x day of a
      carbohydrate-mixture solution consisting of glucose-fructose and xylitol in a
      proportion of 1:1:1 had significantly higher ketone bodies. The comparison of
      glucose with xylitol in a hypocaloric dosage of 0.11 g/kg BW x h led to a
      physiologic ketosis only in the group with xylitol as energy source from
      postoperative day 2 on. In patients undergoing cholecystectomy, the sole infusion
      of amino acids in a dosage of 1.14 g/kg BW x h led to the highest ketone bodies
      from the operation day on. The intravenous infusion of a polyol-mixture solution
      containing xylitol and sorbitol in a relation of 1:1 in a dosage of 4.2 g/kg BW x
      day led to the lowest ketone body production. The infusion of a polyol-mixture
      solution in a dosage of 2 g/kg BW x day enabled the development of a physiologic
      ketosis. In this study we could demonstrate that the infusion of xylitol or a
      polyol-mixture solution in a dosage of 2-3 g/kg BW x day after elective surgery
      enables the development of physiologic ketosis.

PMID- 6815910
TI  - [The T3 syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6815911
TI  - [Results of thyroid hormone therapy in bland struma].
AB  - 2,191 patients with bland struma were treated with tri-iodothyronine and a mixed
      preparation (thyreotom) for at least 2 years. Several clinical criteria were used
      for judgement. A good result could be obtained in 78.3 to 51.2% depending on the
      size of the struma (I-III). While in diffuse strumata good results were obtained
      in 87.8 to 69.0%, in nodular goitres we were successful only in 52.0-32.9%. The
      therapy may be successful at every age. Since with growing age the nodular
      goitres prevail, the chances of success become smaller. For the same reason there
      is a close correlation between age of the goitre and the therapeutic effect. The
      rate of success continuously decreases with growing age of the goitre. From this
      results that the therapy in goitre must begin early, before nodular and
      regressive changes, respectively, render the treatment difficult or render an
      acceptable result difficult.

PMID- 6815912
TI  - [The behavior of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in fasting with and
      without triiodothyronine administration].
AB  - It is reported on the performance of the 400 microgram TRH/TSH test in adipose
      persons in the course of a zero diet and on the effects of an application of 50
      micrograms tri-iodothyronine during 7 days on the TRH/TSH test on the same
      conditions. During total fasting the basic and TRH-stimulating TSH-level shows a
      slight tendency of decrease, but scarcely significant changes. After application
      of 50 micrograms tri-iodothyronine an unequivocal suppression of the TSH
      concentration in the serum is to be recognized. By these results and with the
      help of literary data by means of the most sensitive test of the diagnostics of
      hypothyroidism a general hypofunction of the pancreas could be excluded, as it
      was supposed in the low T3 syndrome. But tri-iodothyronine deficiency in some
      tissues is still discussed at present.

PMID- 6815913
TI  - [Prolongation of preanalytic time for blood glucose determination (o-toluidine
      method) in EDTA-venous blood].

PMID- 6815914
TI  - The Ladinos of Nicaragua: anthropometry, ABO and Rh(D) blood antigens and P.T.C.
      taste threshold.

PMID- 6815915
TI  - The activity of nifluridide on reduviids and rodent and human trypanosomes.
AB  - The ability of nifluridide to kill reduviids was assayed in mice fed 7 ppm in
      diet and on cattle injected subcutaneously at 5 mg/kg body weight. Nifluridide
      was systemically active against Triatoma infestans on mice and Rhodnius prolixus
      on cattle. No effects on Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi could be detected in
      the intestinal contents of Triatoma infestans killed by the compound. In vitro
      and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the effects of nifluridide on
      trypanosomes growing in medium and in experimentally infected mice. Culture forms
      of Trypanosoma cruzi grown at 27 degrees C that are morphologically similar to
      epimastigotes found in infected bugs were affected by 2.5 to 10 ppm in the
      medium. Mice fed nifluridide in the diet simultaneous with infection of
      Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) musculi exhibited parasitemias and
      tissue infections similar to nontreated infected mice. At the concentration
      tested, bloodstream trypomastigotes and culture epimastigotes of Trypanosoma
      musculi were unaffected by nifluridide. Only the culture epimastigotes of
      Trypanosoma cruzi were affected by the drug but not the bloodstream and tissue
      forms.

PMID- 6815916
TI  - Life cycle of Sarcocystis tenella in sheep and dog.
AB  - For Sarcocystis tenella, the second microscopic sarcocyst in sheep, the dog was
      shown to act as final host shedding sporocysts measuring 13.75-15.8 (14.8 +/-
      0.8) X 9.7-10.8 (10.1 +/- 0.4) micron after a prepatent period of 8-13 days. The
      clinical signs and the course of experimental infections in sheep were most
      similar to S. ovicanis. After high doses of sporocysts sheep had temperatures up
      to 42 degrees C, anaemia, and paresis; they finally died from haemorrhagic
      diathesis. The development of S. tenella in sheep was studied and it resulted in
      microscopic cysts in the musculature that measured 300-650 X 20-50 micron. They
      showed hair-like delicate protrusions of the cyst wall measuring 6-8 X less than
      0.5 micron, by which S. tenella could be clearly differentiated from S. ovicanis
      from day 60 p.i. onwards. The decreasing number of S. tenella through
      degeneration of cysts is suggested to be a self-cleaning process.

PMID- 6815917
TI  - [New regulations for extramural course givers: County Council Organizations back
      psychiatry, primary health care and long term care].

PMID- 6815918
TI  - [Primary nursing: quality care needs a lot of nursing input].

PMID- 6815919
TI  - [Regulation of the activity of brain enzymatic reactions in nervous system
      pathology].

PMID- 6815920
TI  - [Prostaglandin synthetase activity of the brain tissue in radiation sickness in
      experimental animals].

PMID- 6815921
TI  - [Means of studying the relation between the rational activity of mammals and
      brain morphology].

PMID- 6815922
TI  - [Dimorphism of fungi - review of the literature].
AB  - A recherche of 260 publications about dimorphism of fungi was elaborated.
      Beginning with the term dimorphism of fungi a description was represented of the
      distribution in the classes of the fungi, the ontogenesis of both types of the
      growth, the habits of dimorphic species of fungi, the conditions of the
      cultivation for the induction and maintenance of the dimorphic growth, mutants of
      dimorphic species of fungi, the physiology and biochemistry of cellular and
      filamentous forms of growth of species of fungi and general law of the dimorphism
      of fungi. As fundamentally exogenic factors of dimorphism were emphasized gas
      atmosphere, temperature, inoculum, form of cultivation, pH-value, C- and energy
      source, N-source and supplements in the substrate. Main working points of
      exogenic factors are the structure and function of the cell wall, mitochondria
      and growth zone of many dimorphic species of fungi. Aureobasidium pullulans,
      Candida albicans, Blastomyces brasiliensis and B. dermatitidis, Histoplasma
      capsulatum and H. farciminosum and species of Mucor and Mycotypha were selected
      as model organisms of the dimorphic growth. The metabolism processes of dimorphic
      Mucoraceae and activities of enzymes and paramorphogenes of the cellular form of
      growth were summarized in a scheme.

PMID- 6815923
TI  - [Metabolic radical formation from tetrachloroethylene and its modification by
      enzyme induction or inhibition].

PMID- 6815924
TI  - Brain choline acetyltransferase: influence of thyroidectomy and thyroxine in the
      adult rat.

PMID- 6815925
TI  - Double cranial vena cava in a cow: case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 6815926
TI  - Release of prostaglandin F2 alpha during parturition in the sow.

PMID- 6815927
TI  - [Pathology of the knee joint menisci in dogs of large breeds].

PMID- 6815928
TI  - [Complex colobomas in the anterior eye segment in a beagle hound].

PMID- 6815929
TI  - [Incidence of mesothelioma in dogs].

PMID- 6815930
TI  - Is "Bali disease" in cattle a late complication of "'Jembrana disease"?

PMID- 6815932
TI  - Four cases of anomalies of genital organs in horses.

PMID- 6815931
TI  - [Comparison of classical and current methodological approaches to intramyocardial
      force distribution patterns].

PMID- 6815933
TI  - [Combined use of ketamine and chlorpromazine in the dog].

PMID- 6815934
TI  - Enzootic amaurosis in the newborn calf.

PMID- 6815935
TI  - [Thiamine resorption from the large intestine of sheep using colon perfusion].

PMID- 6815936
TI  - Endemic ethmoidal tumours in cattle: sarcomas and carcinosarcomas. A light and
      electron microscopic study.

PMID- 6815937
TI  - Further characterization of H7N7 avian influenza virus isolated from migrating
      starlings wintering in Israel.

PMID- 6815938
TI  - [Immunity status of guinea pigs infected with Brucella L forms].
AB  - B. abortus L-forms injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs adapt in the lymph
      nodes of the animals in the absence of reversion to normal cells. Complete and
      incomplete antibodies belonging to macro- and microglobulins (IgM and IgG) were
      synthetized. The allergic transformation of the organism is faintly pronounced.
      After this form of infection guinea pigs become resistant to B. melitensis
      infection for 6 months (the term of observation).

PMID- 6815939
TI  - [Higher fatty acid composition of enterococci].
AB  - The content of unsaturated fatty acids in enterococcal cells has been found to
      have no essential relation to the composition of the culture medium. When
      cultivated in the same media, S. faecium had the degree of lipid unsaturation 1.5
      2 times higher than S. faecalis. Mobile enterococci are sharply differentiated
      from immobile species by the content of cyclopropanic acid with 19 carbon atoms,
      constitute a heterogenous group and consist of at least 2 taxons, differing in
      the content of acids with 18 carbon atoms and the degree of lipid unsaturation.

PMID- 6815940
TI  - [Economic effectiveness of using a live measles vaccine in an agricultural area
      of the Ukrainian SSR].
AB  - Economic effectiveness of vaccination against measles in an agricultural region
      of the Ukrainian SSR has been studied. At the period preceding vaccination
      expenses for each measles patient in the country were three times as low as those
      in towns. At the period of vaccination a considerable decrease in expenses
      covering the payment of sick-leave certificates given to mothers taking care of
      their sick children, in losses connected with absenteeism, in expenses for gamma
      globulin prophylaxis and the hospital treatment and outpatient servicing of
      measles patients was observed due to the sharp drop of the total morbidity rate
      and the increased number of school children among measles patients. In urban and
      rural areas the equalization of expenses for each patient occurred. In spite of
      increased expenses for each measles patient, the considerable economy of sums
      spent for controlling measles was achieved: about 70,000 rubles per annum.

PMID- 6815941
TI  - [Role of hypertension in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia].

PMID- 6815942
TI  - [Methods of quantitative evaluation of parameters of cerebrospinal fluid
      dynamics].

PMID- 6815943
TI  - Effect of combined and repeated hormone treatment on the growth of the
      Tetrahymena.

PMID- 6815944
TI  - On inference in ecology and evolutionary biology: the problem of multiple causes.
AB  - If one investigates a process that has several causes but assumes that it has
      only one cause, one risks ruling out important causal factors. Three mechanisms
      account for this mistake: either the significance of the single cause under test
      is masked by noise contributed by the unsuspected and uncontrolled factors, or
      the process appears only when two or more causes interact, or the process appears
      when there are present any of a number of sufficient causes which are not
      mutually exclusive. In ecology and evolutionary biology, experiments usually test
      single factor hypotheses, and many scientists apparently believe that hypotheses
      incorporating several factors are so much more difficult to test that to do so
      would not be practical. We discuss several areas in ecology and evolutionary
      biology in which the presupposition of simple causation has apparently impeded
      progress. We also examine a more mature field, the study of atherosclerosis, in
      which single factor studies did significantly delay progress towards
      understanding what now appears to be a multifactor process. The problem has three
      solutions: either factorial experiments, dynamic models that make quantitative
      predictions, response-surface methods, or all three. In choosing a definition for
      'cause', we make a presupposition that profoundly influences subsequent
      observations and experimental designs. Alternative definitions of causation
      should be considered as contributing to potential cures for research problems.

PMID- 6815945
TI  - Competition theory, evolution, and the concept of an ecological niche.
AB  - This article examines some of the main tenets of competition theory in light of
      the theory of evolution and the concept of an ecological niche. The principle of
      competitive exclusion and the related assumption that communities exist at
      competitive equilibrium - fundamental parts of many competition theories and
      models - may be violated if non-equilibrium conditions exist in natural
      communities or are incorporated into competition models. Furthermore, these two
      basic tenets of competition theory are not compatible with the theory of
      evolution. Variation in ecologically significant environmental factors and non
      equilibrium in population numbers should occur in most natural communities, and
      such changes have important effects on community relations, niche overlap, and
      the evolution of ecosystems. Ecologists should view competition as a process
      occurring within a complex dynamic system, and should be wary of theoretical
      positions built upon simple laboratory experiments or simplistic mathematical
      models. In considering the relationship between niche overlap and competition,
      niche overlap should not be taken as a sufficient condition for competition; many
      factors may prevent or diminish competition between population with similar
      resource utilization patterns. The typically opposing forces of intraspecific and
      interspecific competition need to be simultaneously considered, for it is the
      balance between them that in large part determines niche boundaries.

PMID- 6815946
TI  - [Effect of nootropic drugs on the dopamine release and dopamine uptake in
      structures of the rat striatum].
AB  - Nootropics increase the overflow of dopamine from rat striatum slices in a
      concentration dependent manner, but without relation to their clinical
      effectiveness. The influence of a nootropic drugs and of amphetamine on the
      stimulus induced dopamine release points to a relationship between nootropic and
      nooanaleptic activity, on the one hand, and transmitter release, on the other.
      Dopamine re-uptake is not altered by nootropics like piracetam.

PMID- 6815947
TI  - [Quantitative determination of factor VIII antigen with an enzyme immunoassay].
AB  - We describe an enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of factor VIII antigen.
      After representation of the isolation of proteins the enzyme-immunoassay is
      presented. The principle of the method is the following: Test plasma is mixed
      with rabbit antibody in excess and incubated at 37 degrees C. The incubation
      mixture is added to polystyrene tubes, which are coated with human factor VIII.
      The rabbit antibody is available to adhere to factor VIII coating the tube and
      can be detected with an enzyme-labeled antibody to rabbit IgG. This method is
      sensitive to 7.8 . 10(-3) U/ml factor VIII antigen; the variation coefficient is
      10.9%.

PMID- 6815948
TI  - Return of drug-metabolizing systems to control levels after induction with 3
      methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 6815949
TI  - Intra-operative variations in carotid artery blood flow and cardiac output: the
      effects of changes in blood volume and carbon dioxide during surgery under
      neurolept anesthesia.
AB  - Seven patients were operated on for stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA)
      with endarterectomy under neurolept anesthesia. The ICA blood flow was found to
      be unchanged after reconstruction following an operative blood loss of one fifth
      of the patient's blood volume despite variations in cardiac output. The
      relationship between carbon dioxide tension and cerebral blood flow remained
      unchanged during hypovolemia. It is concluded that the autoregulation of the
      cerebral blood flow is maintained under neurolept anesthesia.

PMID- 6815950
TI  - The antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Belgium.

PMID- 6815951
TI  - A comparison of preparations of highly purified human pituitary luteinizing
      hormone: differences in the luteinizing hormone potencies as determined by in
      vivo bioassays, in vitro bioassay and immunoassay.

PMID- 6815952
TI  - Hypothyroidism following subacute thyroiditis.
AB  - The occurrence of permanent overt or subclinical hypothyroidism following
      subacute thyroiditis (SAT) was studied in 32 patients during 0.75-13 years (mean
      4.2 years) of follow-up. Permanent hypothyroidism developed in 2 patients in whom
      a characteristic feature was persistent of circulating thyroid antibodies in high
      titres from the onset of SAT indicating the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis.
      One also showed cytological evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. In another
      patient subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrated by an exaggerated TSH-response to
      TRH, persisted after hemithyroidectomy during the acute phase. In addition,
      transient overt hyperthyroidism developed immediately after the acute phase in 3,
      and subclinical hypothyroidism in 2 patients. Apart from the 2 patients with
      evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, circulating thyroid antibodies were found in
      15 others. The titres were usually low and disappeared in most cases after a
      transient rise. It is concluded that permanent hypothyroidism is likely to
      develop after SAT only in the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis or after thyroid
      surgery.

PMID- 6815953
TI  - Prolactin in the circulation of chronically catheterised piglet foetuses and
      pregnant sows, and the effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
AB  - We chronically catheterised 12 piglet foetuses and 11 sows to determine the
      changes in circulating concentrations of prolactin during the last 2 weeks of
      gestation. Prolactin levels were measured by homologous radioimmunoassay and were
      found to average 2.12 +/- 0.23 ng . ml-1 in the foetuses and 4.19 +/- 0.84 ng .
      ml-1 in the sows. Foetal concentrations of prolactin increased significantly
      during the time period of the study. There was no change in maternal
      concentrations over the corresponding time. Injection of 5 micrograms TRH into 7
      foetuses increased the plasma concentrations of prolactin in 6 animals, produced
      no apparent change in the seventh foetus and did not affect maternal
      concentrations of prolactin. The magnitude of the maximum response of TRH of the
      younger foetuses (less than 107 days delta = 0.7, 1.3, 4.2 ng . ml-1) was
      substantially less than that of the foetuses prior to term (greater than 107 days
      delta = 6.4, 21.7, 27.5 ng . ml-1). Injection of saline and the haemorrhage of
      blood sampling produced no significant change in the initial concentration of
      prolactin. We conclude that prolactin is present in the circulation of the pig
      foetus, that it is produced endogenously in lower concentrations than in the
      pregnant sow and that the foetal responsiveness to TRH stimulation increases
      towards the end of gestation.

PMID- 6815955
TI  - Lectures: 10th Workshop "Labelled Antibodies" and the 5th Workshop "Lectins".
      Berlin (GDR) February 4 to 5, 1981.

PMID- 6815954
TI  - The pituitary-testicular axis of uraemic subjects on haemodialysis and continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Pituitary-testicular function was evaluated in 18 patients with chronic renal
      failure, 9 treated by maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and 9 by continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and compared with a non-uraemic control
      group. Serum total testosterone and the free testosterone index were
      significantly low in both dialysis groups. Basal FSH and LH levels were elevated
      but this reached significance only with regard to LH. The responses of both FSH
      and LH to the iv administration of LRH were normal. There was no significant
      difference between the CAPD and HD groups in any of the hormonal parameters
      estimated. While CAPD may improve control of some metabolic parameters when
      compared with HD, it does not improve the function of the pituitary-testicular
      axis.

PMID- 6815956
TI  - Polypeptides in the human brain.

PMID- 6815957
TI  - Transition metal-catalysed oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine [DAB] in a model
      system.
AB  - The oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine [DAB] by H2O2 catalysed by 4 transition
      metals, Cu++, Co++, Fe+++ and Mn++, was investigated spectrophotometrically in a
      model system. The velocity of the reactions was higher with higher concentrations
      of DAB, H2O2 and a metal as well as with higher temperature. Optimal pH found for
      reactions catalysed by different transition metals was pH = 7.0 for Cu++ and
      Co++, pH - 6.0 for Fe+++ and pH - 9.0 for Mn++. A rapid spontaneous DAB oxidation
      by H2O2 in the absence of any transition metal was observed at pH less than 5.0.

PMID- 6815959
TI  - [A method for the ultrastructural, immunocytochemical detection of ecdysone].
AB  - The investigations were carried out with prothoracic glands of Galleria
      mellonella. The influence of various fixation media on the preservation of the
      ultrastructure and on the immunocytochemical staining of the steroid ecdysone was
      studied. An immunocytochemical staining technique for ecdysone is described
      allowing the ultrastructural localization of ecdysone in different cellular
      compartments.

PMID- 6815958
TI  - [Topochemical and electron microscopical analysis of the pancreas of dogs after
      pancreatic denervation].
AB  - Histochemical and electronmicroscopic findings on chronically and selectively
      denervated pancreata of 8 dogs are described. Most nerve fibers showed marked
      degeneration and perineuritis, and there was an inflammation of intrapancreatic
      ganglia. There was no change in the number of islets or in the A-B-cell ratio.
      Insulitis frequently has been observed. Both immunohistochemically demonstrable 
      insulin in the B-cells, and glucagon in the A-cells were reduced in relation to
      that in non-denervated controls. There were single A- and B-cells within the
      acini in an apparently normal frequency. Many pancreata showed a chronic
      infiltration and fibroblastic inflammation within the acini but their extent
      varied considerably between the animals. Intrapancreatic blood vessels were
      generally dilated, hyperemic, and perivascular fibrosis was seen in some cases;
      the vessels contained many leucocytes. Acinar cells were often subjected to
      vacuolic degeneration. Another part of them showed, however, increased appearance
      of ergastoplasm, mitochondria, and of Golgi apparatus as a sign of increased
      functional stimulation. There were fibrosis and mononuclear infiltration in the
      medium-sized and large pancreatic ducts.

PMID- 6815960
TI  - A solid-phase immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) using membrane filters.
AB  - A solid-phase immunofluorescence assay (SIFA) is presented which allows the
      demonstration of antibodies against soluble antigens. The test is performed by
      successively incubating nitrate cellulose discs in microtitration plates with
      anti-Ig, the sample to be tested and FITC-labeled antigen. The fluorescence
      intensity of the discs is then measured by using a microfluorometer. The assay is
      simple, needs a small amount of material and allows to test a large number of
      samples.

PMID- 6815961
TI  - [Autoradiographic detection of 3H-labelled glycoproteins in "light" and "dark"
      neurons of gray matter of the rat brain following intraventricular application of
      3H-fucose. Preliminary report].
AB  - The simultaneous demonstration of 3H-radioactivity and "light" and "dark" neurons
      by histological staining revealed that the occurrence of "light" and "dark"
      neurons are morphological correlates of different activity stages of cell
      metabolism. In this connection it became evident that "light" nerve cells
      incorporated significantly greater amounts of fucose and therefore should be
      regarded as metabolically more active. We also present evidence that "dark"
      neurons are not artificial products caused by postmortem trauma to the brain
      inadequately fixed (as pointed out by Cammermeyer).

PMID- 6815962
TI  - The resistance of glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine fluorescence to sodium
      borohydride reduction.
AB  - The borohydride reduction of glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence in noradrenergic
      and DOPA-minergic nervous structures and in amines in model experiments was
      studied. Both DOPAmine and noradrenaline fluorescences were resistant to
      borohydride reduction differing thus from the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence.
      Thus when the specificity of glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence is in doubt,
      other tests than borohydride reduction of the fluorescence must be employed.

PMID- 6815963
TI  - Lectins--definition and classification.

PMID- 6815964
TI  - Investigations of fading of immunofluorescence objects.
AB  - Fading of immunofluorescent objects was influenced by attenuation of fluorescence
      intensity whether by attenuation of excitation, post-fixation or counterstaining.
      In comparison with the wide-band excitation, narrow-band excitation had an
      influence on the fading rate via the attenuation of the excitation intensity
      only. Compared with aqueously immersed objects we obtained only half of the
      intensity and a quite stronger decrease of fluorescence with dry objects or
      objects embedded with fast-hardening medium. Addition of thiosulphate to
      embedding medium had no effect on fading. In opposite literature we found in our
      immunofluorescence specimen after addition of dithionite an extremely increased
      fading rate.

PMID- 6815965
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a lectin from garden cress (Lepidium sativuum).
AB  - A lectin has been isolated from extracts of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) by
      affinity chromatography on human immunoglobulin-Sepharose. The lectin reacts with
      human erythrocytes without specificity for the A, B and 0 blood group.
      Erythrocytes of animal origin are also agglutinated by the lectin. The
      hemagglutinating activity is abolished by heating the lectin solution at 70
      degrees C or by dialysis against strong acid buffers. The hemagglutination
      reaction is not inhibited by monosaccharides. Lectin-glycoprotein interactions
      are described and discussed.

PMID- 6815966
TI  - Agglutination of bacteria by a sialic acid-specific lectin of the snail Cepaea
      hortensis.
AB  - Aqueous extracts from lyophilized albumen glands of the garden snail (Cepaea
      hortensis) exhibit, after separation from a second lectin, a specificity against
      sialic acid-containing polymers. In agglutination studies with bacteria, the
      lectin interacts with all strains of group B streptococci (Streptococcus
      agalactiae) containing type-specific polysaccharides. In contrast, group B
      streptococci containing only protein type antigens as well as all strains of
      other Lancefield streptococcal groups and several other bacterial strains did not
      react.

PMID- 6815967
TI  - Estimation of toxicity of the mistletoe lectin 1 using the footpad swelling test
      in mice.

PMID- 6815968
TI  - Synthetic glycosyl polymers in isolation, characterization and immobilization of
      lectins.
AB  - A review is given on preparative procedures and practical applications in the
      field of lectins of two types of synthetic polymers: (1) Glycosyl polyacrylamide
      derivatives - insoluble (cross-linked) and water-soluble (linear) - that are
      obtained by copolymerization of alkenyl glycosides and acrylamide, and (2)
      glycosyloxyethyl dimethacrylate copolymers prepared by glycosylation of the
      commercially available macroporous glycol methacrylate copolymer, Separon. Both
      types of copolymers are efficient affinity carriers for isolation of lectins.
      Separon derivatives can be used after partial periodate oxidation of the glycosyl
      groups for covalent coupling of lectins. Affinity carriers thus obtained can be
      employed in separation and purification of glycoproteins and other glycosylated
      macromolecules. Soluble glycosyl polyacrylamide derivatives are useful in
      precipitation of lectins and, in general, as synthetic model substances for
      studying interactions of lectins with sugar ligands.

PMID- 6815969
TI  - Fluorescent patterns of antibodies to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and
      ribosomes.
AB  - The fluorescent patterns of autoantibodies to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum
      and ribosomes are described. Mitochondrial autoantibodies can be now divided in
      10 types, microsomal antibodies at least in 3 types. Using rat renal tissue
      sections the typical fluorescent pattern of new antimitochondrial antibodies
      were: type 7, distal tubulus and third portion of proximal tubules, type 8 distal
      tubules, only, type 9 first and second portion of proximal tubules, type 10
      strong reaction of distal and third portion of proximal tubules. The new pattern
      of ribosomal antibody is characterized by a cytoplasmic staining of rat
      hepatocytes especially in the central area of the liver lobule. The heterogeneity
      of cytoplasmic autoantibodies can be used as a diagnostic marker in different
      pathological conditions, if the different staining patterns is taken into
      account.

PMID- 6815970
TI  - Detection of different functional states of the cellular nucleus with a new
      trichrome staining technique.
AB  - The new trichrome stain ASTRIN, prepared from alcian blue, safranine, thionine,
      and resorcin, stains the cell nuclei red or blue, depending on their functional
      state. Activation of salivary gland cells with pilocarpin, or of liver cell with
      prednisolone, equally resulted in a quantitative increase of cells with active
      (blue) nuclei. Changes in nuclear staining after digestion with trypsin, pronase,
      or ribonuclease, and after extraction of cellular DNA and RNA with perchloric
      acid, unequivocally suggest that alteration of the protein-DNA ratio, i.e. the
      hetero- or euchromatic state of nuclear chromatin, is responsible for the
      disparity of the nuclear staining reaction with ASTRIN. The new trichrome stain
      seems to be suitable for routine cytodiagnostic use.

PMID- 6815971
TI  - Cholinergic nerves in the parietal pleura.
AB  - Using the cholinesterase histochemical technique we investigated the innervation
      pattern of parietal pleura both in normal and chemically sympathectomized rats.
      AChE containing nerve fiber-like structures were observed within the parietal
      pleura. The apex, costal, and mediastinal surfaces of the pleura are poorly
      innervated, while the diaphragmatic pleura shows the richest innervation. In
      relation with thicker nerve fiber-like structures the existence of some elbow
      shaped AChE positive formation was observed. The chemical sympathectomy does not
      causes alterations in the distribution of AChE containing nerves in the pleura.
      The meaning of cholinergic innervation of parietal pleura is discussed.

PMID- 6815972
TI  - [Changes in the butyrylcholinesterase activity of fenestrated capillaries in the
      area postrema during postnatal development].
AB  - Ontogenetic changes in butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity of fenestrated
      capillaries in the rat Area postrema lying outside of the blood-brain barrier
      were investigated by means of light and electron microscopic histochemical
      methods. Marked enzyme activity could be demonstrated in the capillary
      endothelial cells of the neonatal rat. The intensity of the light microscopically
      detectable BuChE activity in the capillaries decreased gradually during the
      postnatal ontogenesis, but the capacity of the enzyme synthesis of the
      endothelium remained unchanged in the adult rat, too. Our results do not indicate
      any direct correlation between BuChE positivity of capillaries and the existence
      of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6815973
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of nitroglycerin as a hypotensive agent in cerebral
      aneurysm surgery.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of nitroglycerin (TNG) were studied in 20 patients
      undergoing cerebral aneurysm clipping under controlled hypotension. Total oxygen
      consumption was also calculated in 15 patients. Mean arterial blood pressure was
      reduced by 36% from 91 to 58 mmHg (12.1 to 7.7 kPa) by TNG due to decrease in
      both total peripheral resistance (16%) and cardiac output (24%). Right atrial and
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were reduced during hypotension, indicating a
      decrease in venous return to the heart. There were no significant changes in
      total oxygen consumption. It is concluded that the fall in cardiac output results
      from a reduction in central blood volume due to venous pooling of blood, and that
      TNG has no major overall metabolic effects.

PMID- 6815974
TI  - Effect of prophylactic epidural morphine or bupivacaine on postoperative pain
      after upper abdominal surgery.
AB  - Morphine 2 mg and 4 mg or bupivacaine 50 mg (another 50 mg 4 h later) was
      administered into the epidural space prior to general anaesthesia of 40 patients
      undergoing upper abdominal surgery. During anaesthesia, additional analgesics
      were not given. In the recovery room (4 h) the pain score (0-10) was lowest in
      the bupivacaine group (mean 2.4) followed by the 4 mg-morphine group (4.1), 2 mg
      morphine group (5.3) and control group (5.7). Half of the patients of the
      bupivacaine group and those of the 4 mg-morphine group needed no analgesics in
      the recovery room. Later, in the ward (until next morning 7 am), only morphine
      patients (5/20) managed without postoperative analgesics. The mean number of
      requests for analgesics during that time was: 4 mg-morphine 1.3, 2 mg-morphine
      1.9, bupivacaine 2.7, and control 2.9. Episodes of hypotension and nausea were
      most frequent in the bupivacaine group. No serious respiratory complications
      occurred; 4 h after anaesthesia three patients in the 4 mg-morphine group and two
      in the bupivacaine group had capillary PCO2 values above 6.65 kPa (50 mmHg), the
      highest being 7.1 kPa. In two additional patients with choledochal drainage (T
      tube), the intracholedochal pressure was shown to rise about 2 kPa 915 mmHg) and
      2.7 kPa after epidural injection of 2 mg and 4 mg, respectively. A pressure peak
      was reached within 10 min and at 75 min the pressure was still 0.7-1.3 kPa above
      the initial level.

PMID- 6815975
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin on central haemodynamics and VA/Q distribution early
      after coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - Central haemodynamics and ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distribution were studied
      in nine patients, 21 h after coronary bypass surgery, before and during
      nitroglycerin (TNG) infusion. VA/Q distributions were established with the
      multiple inert gas elimination technique of Wagner and West. Administration of
      TNG resulted in a decrease in mean arterial pressure, a slight reduction in
      cardiac output and stroke volume and a significant increase in heart rate,
      possibly explained by an initial relative hypovolaemia. Pulmonary arterial
      pressures and filling pressures for the right and left ventricles decreased
      significantly. There was a significant reduction in PaO2 and an increase in
      venous admixture (QVA/QT) from 11.3 to 16.5% of cardiac output. This was mainly
      due to an initial SF6-shunt of 6.4% increasing to 12.8%. Only 3.5% of cardiac
      output during TNG was due to perfusion of hypoventilated areas. The mean for the
      control Q-distribution was 0.88 with a mean log s.d. of +/- 1.14, indicating VA/Q
      mismatch and did not change significantly. The reduction of pressures in the
      pulmonary vascular bed was accompanied by increased ventilation of areas with
      high VA/Q.

PMID- 6815976
TI  - Carbon dioxide homeostasis and recovery after general anaesthesia.
AB  - The influence of different levels of carbon dioxide during general anaesthesia on
      postoperative recovery was studied. Sixty female patients were divided into two
      age groups. Thirty patients were over 60 years old and 30 patients were under 46
      years old. Artificial ventilation with added carbon dioxide during general
      anaesthesia with thiopentone, nitrous oxide-oxygen, alcuronium and fentanyl was
      used. According to the arterial CO2 tension, patients were allocated to
      subgroups: hypercarbic, PaCO2 7.3 kPa, normocarbic, PaCO2 5.3 kPa and two
      different levels of hypocarbia: older patients PaCO2 3.7 kPa and younger patients
      PaCO2 2.9 kPa. As criteria for recovery, a battery of recovery tests and
      postoperative questionnaires were used. Regardless of age, patients subjected to
      hypercarbic ventilation scored better in the recovery tests than patients
      subjected to normo- or hypocarbia. Normocarbic ventilation also gave better
      results than hypocarbic ventilation. The level of hypocarbia used in the older
      patients and that used in the younger patients, though different, resulted in
      nearly the same deterioration of scoring in the recovery tests. This
      deterioration was seen in some patients up to 48 h postoperatively. No subjective
      differences were elicited from the questionnaires after various types of
      ventilation.

PMID- 6815977
TI  - Intraoperative embolisation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with isobutyl
      2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate).

PMID- 6815978
TI  - [The WHO program against leprosy].

PMID- 6815979
TI  - [Quantitative study of cells (T lymphocytes) with punctuated marking using the
      alpha naphthyl acetate esterase Ph 5.8 method in leprous granulomas].

PMID- 6815980
TI  - [Reverse reaction].

PMID- 6815981
TI  - [Laryngeal leprosy].

PMID- 6815982
TI  - [The anti-leprosy campaign in the Central African Republic. Results obtained].

PMID- 6815983
TI  - [Involvement of the liver in leprosy].

PMID- 6815984
TI  - [Immunotherapy of leprosy in 1981].

PMID- 6815985
TI  - [Initial results of triple chemotherapy of the bacillary forms of leprosy].

PMID- 6815986
TI  - [2 cases of paucibacillary leprosy resistant to dapsone].
AB  - Two patients are presented with a primary resistant BT leprosy. Diagnosis was
      made on a clinical base: luck of improvement under supervised sulfone treatment
      and quick regression of the lesions under a short course of rifampicine (8 weekly
      doses). The two children lived together with their lepromatous mothers who are
      suspected of DDS resistance. Where secondary DDS resistance is found only in
      multibacillary leprosy, primary resistance shows up in all clinical forms of
      leprosy.

PMID- 6815987
TI  - [101 cases of lepromatous leprosy under observation without treatment after
      stable negativation. Evaluation 20 years later].

PMID- 6815988
TI  - [Evaluation of 9 months of treatment of lepromatous leprosy with desoxyfructo
      serotonin].

PMID- 6815989
TI  - [Epsilon-aminocaproic acid in the treatment of inflammatory manifestations in
      borderline leprosy. Apropos of 6 cases].

PMID- 6815990
TI  - [Who operates on leprosy patients?].

PMID- 6815991
TI  - [Temporary surgical missions for leprosy. Apropos of 3 missions in the Central
      African Republic allowing the performance of 71 reconstructive interventions].

PMID- 6815992
TI  - [The anti-leprosy campaign in Vietnam. Integration at the primary health care
      level].

PMID- 6815993
TI  - [Rapid neurologic examination in leprous neuritis].

PMID- 6815994
TI  - [The International Federation of Leprosy Control Associations (ILEP)].

PMID- 6815995
TI  - [Prevalence of dapsone-resistant leprosy in Burundi. Temporary results].

PMID- 6815996
TI  - [Current data on the bacteriology of leprosy].
AB  - Microscopic examination and mouse foot-pad inoculation are the main tools in
      Mycobacterium leprae bacteriology. Microscopic examination enables to calculate
      bacteriological (IB) and morphological (IM) indexes. The former scores the
      density of acid-fast organisms in the lesions and the latter scores their
      viability since only solidly stained acid-fast organisms are likely to be alive.
      Mouse foot-pad inoculation provides the opportunity for studying the growth curve
      of M. leprae. Alterations of this growth curve under drug therapy enable to
      assess the antileprosy activity of drugs and to determine the drug sensitivity of
      organisms. Acquired and primary drug resistances to DDS are to date the most
      important events in the chemotherapy of leprosy. Researches are in progress on
      mice with congenitally reduced immunological capacity (nu/nu mice) and on
      antileprosy vaccination. Although no decisive advances have been obtained in
      these fields, researches in progress are promising.

PMID- 6815997
TI  - [Mycobacterial strains adapted to culture from human lepromas. Identifying
      characteristics relative to Mycobacterium leprae].

PMID- 6815998
TI  - [Morphologic and biologic properties of diphtherroid organisms (LDC) isolated in
      leprosy].
AB  - Acid-alcohol-fast bacteria are not always detectable in all leprosy lesions. Non
      acid-fast microorganisms may be associated with acid-fast bacteria. The most
      frequently isolated strains from leprosy lesions are non acid-fast bacteria,
      morphologically related to C. diptheirae. Hence their designation as diphtheroids
      or LDC (leprosy derived corynebacteria). Their antigenic structure is more
      closely related to M. leprae and other mycobacteria than to classical
      corynebacteria. This leads to the hypothesis of a potential role in the
      pathogenesis of leprosy and their use as an antigen for skin tests by leprosy
      patients.

PMID- 6815999
TI  - [Comparative bactericidal action of rifampicin alone on M. tuberculosis and M.
      leprae].

PMID- 6816001
TI  - [Study of T lymphocyte populations of leprosy patients by monoclonal antibodies
      produced by murine hybridomas].

PMID- 6816000
TI  - [Resistance of Mycobacterium leprae to sulfones (DDS) and rifampicin in recurring
      lepromatous leprosy in Martinique and Guadeloupe since February 1980].

PMID- 6816002
TI  - [The lymphocyte transformation test using phytohemagglutinin, lepromin and M.
      leprae in lepromin-negative and positive leprosy: prognostic value compared with
      that of lepromin].

PMID- 6816003
TI  - [Correlation between early (Fernandez) and late (Mitsuda) reactions in non
      contact children and adolescents without manifestations of leprosy, tested with
      human lepromin and different concentrations of armadillo antigen in 3 double
      blind trials].
AB  - The authors carried out 3 double blind trials to determine the correlation
      between the early and the late lepromin reactions and to verify the practical and
      control values of the 48 hours or Fernandez reaction. Children and adolescents
      non-contacts were tested with human lepromin (40 x 10(6) bacilli/ml) and
      different concentrations of armadillo lepromin (160, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2,5, and 1 x
      10(6) bacilli/ml). The conclusions are as follows: 1. The coefficients of
      correlation (r values) point out that the correlation between the two reactions
      is poor or almost null. 2. The negative or doubtful reactions, the most often
      observed, have no practical value because they are almost always followed by a
      positive Mitsuda reaction. 3. The positive Fernandez reaction was always followed
      by a positive Mitsuda reaction. Thus it has practical importance. However as the
      frequency of early positivity is low with human and armadillo lepromin of lower
      concentrations, recommended in routine testing, the 48 hours reading is
      unnecessary and without control value. It would represent a loss of time and
      money.

PMID- 6816004
TI  - Specific gravity of brain tissue during maturation.
AB  - The water content of the brain is closely related to the maturation and degree of
      myelination. In control rats studied from the day of birth to the age of 26 days,
      brain specific gravity increased in parallel to the decrease in water content (r
      = 1.00). Rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) 100 microns/g daily during
      the first 2 or 4 days of life had significantly lower specific gravity than
      controls in all parts of the brain at the age of 2 weeks. With the smaller dose 6
      OHDA, the specific gravity at the age of 1 month was lower than in controls in
      the occipital cortex; with the larger dose it was significantly reduced in all
      cortical regions as well as in the pons and the diencephalon. 2-months old 6-OHDA
      treated rats did not differ from controls. Rats pretreated with desipramine 30
      min before administration of 6-OHDA to prevent uptake of 6-OHDA into
      catecholaminergic neurons did not differ from controls. Neonatal 6-OHDA treatment
      affects predominantly noradrenergic terminals in the cerebral cortex with cell
      bodies in the locus coeruleus. The present results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that these neurons have a trophic influence on the brain development
      during the postnatal maturation.

PMID- 6816005
TI  - The effect of urea and mannitol on cochlear blood flow.

PMID- 6816006
TI  - Penicillin treatment of acute otitis media in children. A study of the duration
      of treatment.
AB  - Two hundred and ninety-seven children, aged 6 months to 7 years, with AOM were
      treated with penicillin V. One hundred and forty-eight children were given 25 or
      50 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 5 days, and 149 children 25 mg/kg body
      weight twice a day for 10 days. No differences were found in the rate of healing
      between the 5- and 10-day groups. The larger penicillin dose, which was given to
      half the 5-day group, did not lead to improved healing. Treatment with penicillin
      for 5 days instead of 10 does not mean any increased risk of complications such
      as SOM, relapses, or therapeutic failure. Nor does the risk of a recurrence of
      otitis increase either. The investigation showed that the treatment of AOM with
      penicillin for 10 days, which is the rule in Sweden, can be reduced to 5 days
      with maintained satisfactory healing and without risk of increasing the number of
      complications.

PMID- 6816007
TI  - Osteon cross-sectional size in the iliac crest: variation in normals and patients
      with osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, hypothyroidism and treated
      epilepsia.
AB  - Cross-sectional osteon size was measured in undecalcified stained sections of
      iliac crest bone specimens from normal individuals (n = 68) and from patients
      with spinal osteoporosis (n = 27), primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 23),
      epilepsia (receiving chronic anti-convulsant therapy) (n = 11), acromegaly (n =
      18), and hypothyroidism (n = 12). In each individual the shortest osteon diameter
      (D) and the corresponding Haversian canal diameter (d) were measured in a minimum
      of 20 completed secondary osteons by means of a micrometer eyepiece. Among normal
      males the areas of bone resorbed and formed increased with age (p less than
      0.01), owing to an increase in the thickness of bone resorbed (p less than 0.01)
      and an unchanged thickness of bone formed. Among the females, both the areas of
      bone resorbed and formed decreased with age (p less than 0.05), owing to a
      reduction in the thickness of bone resorbed (p less than 0.05) as well as formed
      (p less than 0.001). Resorbed and formed areas were reduced in the epileptic (p
      less than 0.01) and acromegalic (p less than 0.01) groups but increased in the
      hypothyroid group (p less than 0.01) compared to sex- and age-matched controls.
      Neither the osteoporotic nor the hyperparathyroid group showed any alterations in
      osteon size. The Haversian canal diameter was slightly increased in the epileptic
      group but normal in the other patient groups. The observed changes reflect
      variations in the amount of work performed by osteoclasts and osteoblasts during
      bone remodelling and may be explained by variations in cellular activity and bone
      turn-over rates.

PMID- 6816008
TI  - Three types of growth inhibition among strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated
      from patients in Norway.
AB  - A survey has been made of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from patients
      in order to determine the prevalence of diffusible growth inhibitory substances
      active against other meningococci. Three types of growth inhibitory activity
      could be distinguished. The first type was release in cultures of nearly all
      strains after treatment with chloroform vapour. This activity inhibited all
      meningococci tested, including the donor strains. The properties were similar to
      those of the non-specific growth inhibitors observed among most strains of N.
      gonorrhoeae. The second type was demonstrated in cultures from four strains among
      215 strains tested and may be present in a fifth strain. Bactericidal activity
      with high strain specificity was spontaneously released from cultures of the four
      strains. This type of activity was found to fit the description of a bacteriocin.
      The third type of inhibition was observed in one strain among the 215 strains
      tested. Cultures of this strain spontaneously released bacteriostatic activity.
      Products from the strain could inhibit almost all meningococcal strains except
      the donor strain itself. This activity was not entirely blocked by bovine serum
      albumin; it was not abolished by pronase and it was not stopped by dialysis
      membranes with cut-off 12000.

PMID- 6816009
TI  - Differential susceptibility of cell-bound streptococcal immunoglobulin Fc
      receptors to autolytic degradation.
AB  - The susceptibility of IgA and IgG Fc-receptors of different streptococci to
      autolytic degradation was tested by incubating washed bacteria in phosphate
      buffered saline at 37 degrees C for 24-72 h. Before incubation, strain M1 bound
      74 per cent of 2.5 micrograms radio-labelled IgG added to 200 microliter of the
      suspension, and strain M4 bound 85 per cent of 2.5 micrograms radio-labelled IgA;
      both types of binding decreased to less than 15 per cent. Evidence was obtained
      that the decrease in binding was caused by digestion of the respective receptors,
      and not by degradation of the immunoglobulins or through inhibition by
      solubilized Fc-receptors. The autolytic process was inhibited by EDTA, iodoacetic
      acid, benzamidinium chloride, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and
      diisopropylfluorophosphate. The IgG Fc-receptors in other types of group A
      streptococci (including type M4) and a group C and a group G strain were not
      affected by such prolonged incubation, also when strains were mixed with M-type 1
      streptococci from the start of incubation. These findings, which thus revealed
      certain differences in stability between streptococcal Fc-receptors, are
      discussed in relation to the intracellular degradation of streptococci.

PMID- 6816010
TI  - Effect of 400 ml blood loss on adaptation of certain functions of the organism to
      exercise.
AB  - Eighteen men aged 19-23 years, volunteer blood donors, donated 400 ml of blood.
      Twenty-four hours before donation, one hour and 24 hours after it they performed
      a 10-minute exercise on Monark cycle ergometer at workloads raising the heart
      rate to 170/min. During the exercise the oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide
      elimination (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen uptake to maximal oxygen
      uptake ratio (VO2/VO2 max), heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic arterial
      blood pressure (Ps and Pd) were determined. The obtained results were compared
      with the values of haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count. One hour
      after blood donation raised values of HR and Pd were obtained (p less than 0.05)
      with decreased Ps (p less than 0.05) and VO2 (p less than 0.05). Twenty-four
      hours after blood loss these parameters were not different from the initial ones
      (p less than 0.05). Submaximal exercise performed 1 hour after blood loss
      produced a significantly greater increase of the heart rate than this exercise
      performed before blood loss. The values of VO2, VCO2, and VO2/VO2 max were
      slightly lower and those of RQ and HRXPs slightly higher than during control
      exercise (p less than 0.05). Exercise performed 24 hours after blood loss caused
      identical changes in these parameters as during control tests.

PMID- 6816011
TI  - Acute global ischaemia and nitroglycerine-induced changes of the contraction
      relaxation and diastolic properties of isolated rabbit heart.
AB  - In our previous studies on in situ dog hearts it has been shown that
      nitroglycerine has a direct myocardial effect. It was suggested that
      nitroglycerine is involved, besides its negative inotropic action, in active
      relaxation and passive diastolic properties of the heart [2, 24]. In some aspects
      nitroglycerine seems to be in synergy with the effect of coronary ligation. The
      purpose of the present study was confirmation and evaluation of the nature of the
      supposed direct myocardial effect of nitroglycerine, and comparison in this
      action with that of acute arrest of coronary perfusion in rabbit heart.

PMID- 6816013
TI  - Longitudinally bracketed diaphyses in young children. Radiologic-histopathologic
      correlation.

PMID- 6816012
TI  - Chronic psychosis in epilepsy. A clinical investigation of 29 patients.
AB  - A clinical study comprising psychiatric, psychological and neurological
      examination of 29 patients suffering from long-term psychosis and severe epilepsy
      was performed. Only five patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of
      schizophrenia. They differed from the rest of the patients by being less organic
      and having infrequent laterality to the left of their epileptogenic focus. They
      were regarded as genuine schizophrenics, while the pathogenesis of the remaining
      sample was considered multifactorial, including both organic and psycho-social
      causes.

PMID- 6816014
TI  - Ossification anomaly associated with interphalangeal hallux valgus.

PMID- 6816015
TI  - Ultrastructure of rat hypophyseal system in chronic lithium carbonate
      intoxication.

PMID- 6816016
TI  - Nutritional status of medical patients on emergency admission to hospital.
AB  - The nutritional status was assessed in 75 consecutive patients acutely admitted
      to a general medical ward. Weight-for-height, triceps skinfold thickness, arm
      muscle circumference, plasma albumin and serum transferrin were used as
      nutritional indicators. By combining abnormalities in two or more of these
      variables, we found obesity in 9% and undernutrition in 22% of the patients on
      admission. Energy deficiencies as well as acute and chronic protein
      undernutrition were observed. Age over 75 years, lack of own teeth and a reason
      for admission other than circulatory disorders or diabetes were tentatively
      identified as risk factors for undernutrition-some of them conceivably
      interdependent. Living conditions and regular medication seemed to be less
      important determinants in this group of patients. We conclude that undernutrition
      is prevalent among hospitalized medical patients in Sweden as in other
      industrialized countries. Patients with "hospital malnutrition" are partly
      recruited from a population of malnourished elderly people outside the hospital.
      Adequate nutritional support is an essential objective of hospital care in
      patients wih medical disorders.

PMID- 6816017
TI  - Plasma exchange and moderate dose of cytostatics in advanced
      macro(cryo)globulinemia. A report on three cases.
AB  - Three cases of advanced macroglobulinemia (two with severe cryoglobulinemia) have
      been treated for 6, 4 and 3 years, respectively, with regular plasma exchange
      and, during the last two years, also with short courses of cytostatics. The
      plasma exchange regimen has given the patients a marked relief from
      hyperviscosity symptoms and may have contributed to the improved peripheral blood
      values and lowered P-IgM levels. Addition of cytostatics, however, was necessary
      to obtain a lasting remission.

PMID- 6816018
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of mutants with blocked chlortetracycline
      biosynthesis].

PMID- 6816019
TI  - [Combined effect of ultraviolet rays and chlortetracycline on a strain of
      Streptomyces aureofaciens].

PMID- 6816020
TI  - [The use of a glucoamylase enzyme preparation obtained from Aspergillus niger
      16/132, for the hydrolysis of corn starch].

PMID- 6816021
TI  - Structural and functional alterations of the aging human thymus.

PMID- 6816022
TI  - Evidence for extrinsic origin of Ia positive cells in embryonic murine thymus.

PMID- 6816023
TI  - Ia positive cells in the medulla of rat thymus are bone marrow derived.

PMID- 6816024
TI  - Interdigitating cells. A guiding cell line in T-cell reactivity.

PMID- 6816025
TI  - H-2-restriction of T cells mediating lethal graft-versus-host-disease to minor
      histocompatibility determinants.

PMID- 6816026
TI  - Subpopulations of T cells in the rat that mediate graft-versus-host reactions and
      lethal graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 6816027
TI  - Effect of immunological adjuvants on the appearance of monocyte and dendritic
      cell precursors in rat thoracic duct lymph.

PMID- 6816028
TI  - Immunocytological characterization of the constituent cells of the secondary
      nodules in human tonsils - II.

PMID- 6816029
TI  - Experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. Transplacental transmission of
      the parasite.

PMID- 6816030
TI  - Sarcocystis infection in sheep from south-western Norway.

PMID- 6816031
TI  - A case of canine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6816032
TI  - Transgastrostomy jejunal intubation for enteric alimentation.
AB  - Malnourished patients who cannot maintain an adequate oral intake but have normal
      intestinal absorption and motility are candidates for enteric alimentation. When
      impaired gastric peristalsis or an increased risk for aspiration makes
      gastrostomy feeding unsafe, direct jejunal infusion is the preferred route of
      alimentation. Angiographic techniques were used to convert previously placed,
      simple gastrostomies to combined gastrostomy-jejunostomies in 14 patients. In 17
      additional patients, a combined gastrostomy-jejunal tube was placed under local
      anesthesia; angiographic techniques assisted in the placement of 11 of these
      tubes.

PMID- 6816033
TI  - Computed tomography of the sacrum: 2. Pathology.
AB  - Fifteen cases of primary sacral pathology were analyzed. High-resolution computed
      tomography was found to be the most accurate means of studying these cases.
      Certain anatomic changes involving the central canal and sacral foramina were
      found to be helpful in determining the type of pathology. Although conventional
      plain films, radionuclide bone scans, and myelography were useful in certain
      cases, computed tomography was found to be the procedure of choice in the workup
      of sacral problems.

PMID- 6816034
TI  - Filtered gas in CT cisternography and other invasive procedures.

PMID- 6816035
TI  - Duplex sonography for carotid artery disease: an accurate technique.

PMID- 6816036
TI  - Subclavian steal syndrome detected with duplex pulsed Doppler sonography.

PMID- 6816037
TI  - Choroid plexus hemorrhage in premature neonates: recognition by sonography.
AB  - In 34 consecutive infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with birth
      weight of less than 1,500 g, 80 cranial real-time sonograms were obtained to
      determine the incidence of choroid plexus hemorrhage. Choroid plexus hemorrhage
      was diagnosed only in the absence of germinal matrix hemorrhage. Diagnostic
      criteria included choroid plexus nodularity, enlargement (greater than 12 mm in
      anteroposterior diameter), or asymmetry between right and left (greater than 5
      mm). Ipsilateral intraventricular clots or occipital horn dilatation supported
      the diagnosis of choroid plexus hemorrhage in most cases. Choroid plexus
      hemorrhage appeared to be the sole bleeding site in 10 (59%) of the 17 patients
      with intracranial hemorrhage. Hemorrhage in the region of the caudate nucleus was
      seen in the other seven cases (41%). Ventricular dilatation and/or
      intraventricular hemorrhage accompanied nine (90%) of the 10 cases of choroid
      plexus hemorrhage. This study suggests that in very low-birth-weight premature
      neonates, the choroid plexus may be a more frequent site of intracranial
      hemorrhage than previously believed.

PMID- 6816038
TI  - Neuroblastoma presenting as central nervous system disease.
AB  - Neuroblastoma may be extremely difficult to recognize, particularly when the
      tumor presents as a primary central nervous system disease. Central nervous
      system involvement may be considered as primary intracerebral neuroblastoma,
      metastases to the cranium from an occult primary, primary intraorbital
      neuroblastoma originating in the ciliary ganglion, metastatic intraorbital
      neuroblastoma from an occult primary, primary intraspinal neuroblastoma
      originating in dorsal root ganglia, intraspinal metastatic disease, and distant
      effects such as myoclonic encephalopathy. Primary neuroblastoma within the
      ciliary ganglion and primary intraspinal neuroblastoma are extremely rare
      entities. Illustrative cases the demonstrate the broad spectrum of neurologic
      presentations are offered. The second known report of neuroblastoma in
      association with primary pulmonary hypoventilation (Ondine curse) is included.

PMID- 6816039
TI  - Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to different doses of diatrizoate
      meglumine-60.

PMID- 6816040
TI  - Falx and interhemispheric fissure on axial CT: II. Recognition and
      differentiation of interhemispheric subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage.
AB  - Interhemispheric hyperdensity or unenhanced computed tomography was originally
      considered a sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the "falx sign." It has since been
      identified as a normal feature and has also been seen with interhemispheric
      subdural hemorrhage. To determine the differential features of interhemispheric
      hemorrhage, 50 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 32 patients with
      interhemispheric subdural hematomas were reviewed. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
      produced anterior interhemispheric hyperdensity only, with a zigzag contour and
      extension from the calvarium to the rostrum of the corpus callosum.
      Interhemispheric subdural hematomas produce unilateral crescentic hyperdensities
      that are largest in the posterior superior part of the fissure, behind and above
      the splenium of the corpus callosum. Interhemispheric hyperdensity in children is
      more complex. Because the anterior part of the fissure is narrow in younger
      patients, subarachnoid hemorrhage may go undetected. Likewise, interhemispheric
      subdural hematomas in children are smaller and more difficult to recognize. They
      produce asymmetric thickening of the falx shadow with extension over the
      tentorium. They are, however, of great significance since they are generally seen
      in abused patients and carry a poor prognosis.

PMID- 6816041
TI  - The value of unenhanced scans in differentiating lesions producing ring
      enhancement.
AB  - Ring enhancement with contrast material is a nonspecific computed tomographic
      finding seen in a variety of lesions, including benign and malignant neoplasms,
      inflammation, infarction, and hematoma. This lack of specificity is especially
      troublesome in the differentiation of self-limiting disorders (infarction and
      hematoma) from progressive processes (tumor or abscess) potentially requiring
      surgical treatment. To determine whether more specific diagnoses were possible,
      115 cases with ring lesions were retrospectively evaluated for the usefulness of
      precontrast scan features. The presence or absence of a complete ring proved
      useful. A complete ring on unenhanced scans effectively excluded self-limiting
      processes; it was seen in none of 18 infarcts or 11 hematomas. A complete ring on
      unenhanced scans occurred in 37 of 65 neoplasms, and was more common in
      metastatic disease (2:1) than in gliomas. A complete ring on unenhanced computed
      tomography was also seen in four of 15 pyogenic abscesses.

PMID- 6816042
TI  - The extraforaminal herniated disk: detection by computed tomography.

PMID- 6816043
TI  - Aseptic meningitis complicating metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 6816044
TI  - Symptomatic deposition of epidural fat in a morbidly obese woman.

PMID- 6816045
TI  - CT metrizamide myelography of the cervical spine in Morquio syndrome.

PMID- 6816046
TI  - Computed tomographic metrizamide myelography in the evaluation of thoracic spinal
      osteoblastoma.

PMID- 6816047
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the middle ear.

PMID- 6816048
TI  - Identification of Meckel cave during percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy for tic
      douloureux.

PMID- 6816049
TI  - Closed reservoir system for angiography.

PMID- 6816050
TI  - Disodium-cromoglycate and immune response mechanism.
AB  - The influence of disodium-cromoglycate on different humoral and cellular immune
      reactions was examined. When injected intravenously DSCG reduces the formation of
      specific IgG producing (plaque forming) spleen cells in mice. It reduces also the
      mitogen induced macrophage migration inhibition in vitro. The same reduced
      mitogen reactivity was observed when cells of pretreated animals were examined in
      this test system. The direct influence of DSCG on acid phosphatase activity of
      different lymphocyte classes and their mitogen reactivity in this respect was
      examined in short time cultures of 1 h. In vitro as well as in vivo, DSCG reduces
      the reactivity of thymocytes and of B-lymphocytes whereas the cortisone resistant
      population of thymocytes is rather stimulated. These data indicate that DSCG may
      affect certain humoral and cellular immune reactions.

PMID- 6816051
TI  - Effects of disodium cromoglycate on smooth muscle.
AB  - Recently, DSCG has been found to inhibit the contraction of guinea pig ileum
      smooth muscle, when induced by various pharmacologic stimuli. DSCG also seems to
      inhibit contractions induced by electrical stimuli when high and low frequencies
      are used. We intend to further clarify our understanding of the sites of action
      of DSCG by studying its effects on surgically-isolated guinea pig trachea and
      ileum. Tissue samples were bathed in Krebs solution and suspended at 37 degrees C
      with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 as proposed by Constantine. Some ileal samples were
      denervated by the method of Ambache. The isometric contractions of trachea and
      ileum were measured at basal conditions and after adding cumulative doses of
      nicotine, histamine, acetyl choline and PG-F2 alpha. The dose response curve for
      each substance was determined, as were the effects on each curve of DSCG. DSCG
      significantly inhibited nicotine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum
      (nicotine stimulates the intestinal nerve plexus). Histamine and acetyl choline
      induced contractions of denervated ileum were also inhibited by DSCG.
      Contractions of isolated guinea pig trachea secondary to Ach, Hi and PG-F1 alpha
      were also effectively antagonized. Our results suggest that DSCG acts at two
      levels to inhibit ileal contraction: at the neural level, namely at Auerbach's
      plexus, and directly upon the smooth muscle fiber. These effects probably depend
      on the membrane stabilizing capability of cromolym sodium, that not only involve
      the mast cell, but extend to intestinal and bronchial smooth muscle as well. The
      action of DSCG on smooth muscle and mast cells probably contribute to its
      efficacy in bronchial asthma and food allergy.

PMID- 6816052
TI  - Levels of IgD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - It has been proposed that IgD may have a pathophysiological role in certain
      autoimmune diseases, since antinuclear IgD antibodies were revealed in patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
      sclerodermia. The studies on the problem of evaluation of serum IgD levels in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are scanty and their results are
      controversial. We studied IgD levels in patients with RA in order to demonstrate
      possible correlations with selected immunologic parameters, and to determine the
      relevance of IgD quantitation in the diagnosis of RA. We determined IgD levels in
      30 patients with classic or proven RA, and in 30 age and sex-matched volunteers.
      Immunoglobulins of A, M, G classes were also determined. E-rosettes were assayed
      by the method of Jondal et al. in a modification. The distribution of IgD
      concentrations in donors revealed two modes, and also showed bimodal
      distributions in the patients. IgG and IgA levels were practically equal in the
      IgD-positive patients, but IgM was significantly lower than in the IgD-negative
      subjects. E-rosette values were also different in these subgroups. IgD-positive
      patients had significantly higher numbers of E-rosettes (1254 +/- 215), compared
      to IgD-negative individuals (497 +/- 146). IgD was found more often in the
      seropositive patients to rheumatoid factor (60%) than in seronegative ones (33%)
      but the difference was not statistically significant.

PMID- 6816054
TI  - Pitfalls of diabetic ketoacidosis therapy.

PMID- 6816053
TI  - The diagnosis of drug allergies. Utilizing in vitro mast cell test and IgE
      inhibition test.
AB  - With the ever-increasing use of pharmaceuticals and the relatively high risk of
      developing drug allergies, particularly for patients in hospitals and for
      ambulatory patients with a history of drug allergy, the need to develop in vitro
      assays for drug allergy is great. In the early 1970's a mast cell technique was
      developed for diagnosis of drug allergies. A PRIST inhibition assay has also
      recently been developed to detect IgE antibodies to drug allergens. This test has
      also been referred to as the Total IgE Inhibition Test by Specific Drug Allergen,
      and is a variant of the in vitro RAST Test. In vitro mast cell and IgE inhibition
      tests are applied for identification of drug and chemical allergens and for their
      cautious clinical trial to prevent future drug and chemical reactions. Over the
      last eight years, over 1,300 patients were examined utilizing the mast cell
      technique. Over 100 drugs were tested, with penicillin, barbiturates, "caine"
      derivatives and sulfonamides most frequently employed. Of 270 patients with well
      defined drug reactions, 190 (70 per cent) gave a positive response to the mast
      cell test. Eighty-five per cent of sera tested with Type I reactions gave a mast
      cell response. Of these, a group of 30 patients was studied with PRIST inhibition
      as well. Procedures for comparative testing of necessary drugs and/or chemicals
      in cases of high anaphylaxis risk of reaction in the clinical setting, hospital
      or office are included in the study as well as individual case reports. Mast cell
      assay coupled with IgE inhibition has been successfully used to diagnose drug and
      chemical allergic reactions. The incidence of positivity is high when the
      offending drug causes a Type I allergic reaction. The cases reported indicate
      that both the Mast Cell and the PRIST inhibition assays are useful for diagnosing
      and setting the clinical treatment and clinical course of the patient. The mast
      cell assay would be potentially employed for patient use in hospitals where the
      incidence of drug allergy is highest and for occupational health in the chemical
      industry. The greatest potential would be in outpatient care applied to patients
      with multiple drug allergies in the selection of safe drugs (test negative by
      both methods, and other clinical studies) for future drug usage.

PMID- 6816055
TI  - Typhus organism may be carried by flying squirrel.

PMID- 6816056
TI  - Effects of nitroglycerin on supine and upright exercise in mitral stenosis.
AB  - Resting, supine, and upright exercise hemodynamics were studied in 11 patients
      with pure or predominant mitral stenosis before and after 0.4 mg sublingual
      nitroglycerin. Resting mean pulmonary wedge pressure was reduced from 27 +/- 1.6
      to 21 +/- 1.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), while mean cardiac index (2.98 +/- 0.40
      vs 2.68 +/- 0.30 cc/min/m2; NS) and mean heart rate (82 +/- 4.4 vs 87 +/- 6.7
      bpm; NS) were unchanged after nitroglycerin. Resting mean left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure dropped from 11 +/- 1.7 to 8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.02)
      after nitroglycerin, while stroke index (37 +/- 5.1 vs 32 +/- 3.8 mm Hg; NS) was
      unchanged. Left ventricular systolic pressure fell from 122 +/- 6.0 to 111 +/-
      3.1 mm HG (p less than 0.001) after nitroglycerin. At peak supine exercise
      similar qualitative changes were observed. Mean pulmonary wedge pressure was
      lower after nitroglycerin (43 +/- 2.3 vs 36 +/- 2.1 mm Hg; p less than 0.02),
      while cardiac index (3.62 +/- 0.39 vs 3.4 +/- 0.26 cc/min/m2; NS) and heart rate
      (116 +/- 7.1 vs 113 +/- 4.6 bpm; NS) were not different. Left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (13 +/- 1.4 vs 10 +/- 1.3; NS) was slightly but not
      significantly reduced by nitroglycerin. Left ventricular stroke index (34 +/- 3.4
      vs 31 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; NS) was unchanged by nitroglycerin. Left ventricular
      systolic pressure (137 +/- 7.3 vs 127 +/- 6.1 mm Hg; p less than 0.02) was
      reduced 10 mm Hg at peak supine exercise after nitroglycerin. During upright
      exercise, peak heart rate (160 +/- 8.1 vs 160 +/- 8.0 bpm; NS) and peak systolic
      blood pressure (117 +/- 5.7 vs 112 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; NS) were not changed with
      nitroglycerin. Exercise duration was improved after nitroglycerin (5.02 +/- 0.62
      vs 5.66 +/- 0.65 minutes; p less than 0.02). Thus sublingual nitroglycerin lowers
      mean pulmonary wedge pressure to reduce pulmonary congestive symptoms, improves
      supine exercise hemodynamics, and may enhance treadmill exercise duration in some
      patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6816057
TI  - Effects of carbon dioxide, Nd-YAG, and argon laser radiation on coronary
      atheromatous plaques.
AB  - Laser radiation has been successfully applied in several areas of medical
      practice. However, its use in cardiology and specifically its effects on
      obstructive atherosclerosis have largely been unexplored. To evaluate effects of
      laser radiation on atherosclerotic plaques 25 fresh necropsy atherosclerotic
      coronary artery segments were exposed to laser radiation with either a carbon
      dioxide, Nd-YAG, or argon laser. Split or intact segments were prepared under dry
      conditions or while immersed in saline solution or blood and exposed to laser
      radiation as power and duration of exposure varied. All 3 lasers were capable of
      creating controlled injury to atherosclerotic plaques. In general, the magnitude
      of injury varied according to the total energy delivered (that is, power times
      duration of exposure. Calcified and noncalcified plaques were penetrated with
      similar levels of injury. Histologic examination demonstrated that laser
      radiation produced a wedge incision in the atherosclerotic plaque which was
      surrounded by zones of thermal and acoustic injury.

PMID- 6816058
TI  - Reversal of skin test anergy during maintenance hemodialysis by protein and
      calorie supplementation.
AB  - The effect of protein and calorie supplementation on the immune function of two
      maintenance hemodialysis patients was assessed. Before nutritional
      supplementation, both patients were anergic to four skin test antigens and had
      low relative percentages and absolute number of T lymphocytes. After 3 months of
      nutritional supplements both patients responded to in vivo skin testing to at
      least two antigens and in both patients, the relative percentage and absolute
      number of T lymphocytes increased. These two cases illustrate that the defect in
      cell-mediated immunity and impaired delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity which is
      known to occur in hemodialysis patients may be a reversible manifestation of
      protein-calorie malnutrition.

PMID- 6816059
TI  - Growth and body composition during long-term total parenteral nutrition in the
      rat.
AB  - Detailed metabolic data indicating the adequacy of long-term total parenteral
      nutrition in the rat are not available. In this study an aseptic catheterization
      technique and a presumed adequate intravenous diet were used to support the
      nutrition of growing male Fischer 344 rats for a 21-day period. These animals
      were compared with sham-operated rats after 21 days of ad libitum access to one
      of two adequate oral diets. Total parenteral nutrition rats demonstrated weight
      gains that were similar to those in the rats consuming the oral diets. Body
      composition and nitrogen storage studies indicated fat and protein accumulation
      in total parenteral nutrition rats that were similar to those in the orally fed
      animals, but with a tendency toward increased fat and decreased nitrogen
      retention. These data indicate that apparently normal growth and development can
      be achieved with total parenteral nutrition in rats by meticulous attention to
      detail.

PMID- 6816060
TI  - Absence of variation in facteur thymique serique activity in moderately and
      severely malnourished Senegalese children.
AB  - Facteur thymique serique activity was evaluated in relation to different types of
      malnutrition in Senegalese children aged 5 to 42 months. They were classified in
      four groups: controls, moderate malnutrition, marasmus, and kwashiorkor,
      according to anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. The two latter
      groups were characterized by very depressed levels of total protein, album in,
      transferrin and prealbumin, and by high cortisol concentrations. Zinc status was
      marginal in all children. Facteur thymique serique activity, determined by the
      rosette assay, was normal in the malnourished patients suggesting that moderate
      as well as severe malnutrition is not necessarily associated with depressed
      levels of circulating thymic hormone. These results are discussed in relation to
      zinc status and infections.

PMID- 6816061
TI  - The effects of nutritional supplementation on the diets of low-income families at
      risk of malnutrition.
AB  - Protein-energy malnutrition in synergism with infection is a major problem for
      most developing countries, and inadequate food consumption is a critical factor
      in its development. Food supplementation programs can improve nutrient
      consumption but may also have unintended consequences. Changes in consumption of
      foods as well as nutrients need to be identified and evaluated. The effects of a
      food supplementation program on family diet patterns and protein-energy intake
      were investigated using data from nutritionally at risk families in Bogota,
      Colombia. Because food supplements are income transfers they need to substitute
      for purchases of similar food items. However, the results of our investigation
      reveal that food supplementation based on familiar foods that are part of the
      usual family diet are consumed in substantial quantities and result in net
      nutrient consumption increases. The food supplementation program increases
      consumption of preferred food items and introduces greater diversity into the
      family diet. These effects are enhanced when combined with a home education
      program.

PMID- 6816062
TI  - Diclonal gammopathy in chronic cold agglutinin disease.
AB  - Serum from a patient with chronic cold agglutinin disease (CCAD) contained two
      paraproteins identified as IgM kappa and IgM lambda by immunoelectrophoresis and
      confirmed by immunofixation on high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. The
      IgM kappa band was completely removed by incubation of the serum at 4 degrees
      with ficin-treated O Rh-positive red blood cells, and partially removed by
      incubation with cord cells, suggesting that it reacted with I antigen. The IgM
      lambda band was unaffected by these absorptions. Previous investigators have
      shown CCAD to be a monoclonal gammopathy, usually IgM kappa. The presence of both
      IgM kappa and IgM lambda paraproteins in this patient with the IgM kappa showing
      cold agglutinin activity is unique. The patient has a lymphoplasmacytic
      infiltrate in the bone marrow. These data suggest that CCAD may be part of a
      spectrum of disorders in which paraproteins are produced and are stimulated by
      factors unrelated to the target red blood cell antigens.

PMID- 6816063
TI  - Ganglioneuroma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in association with
      neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6816064
TI  - Inhibition of nocturnal gastric secretion in normal human volunteers by
      misoprostol: a synthetic prostaglandin E1 methyl ester analog.
AB  - Misoprostol (SC-29333) is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog that has been found
      to be a potent inhibitor of gastric secretion in animals. Nocturnal gastric
      antisecretory activity of misoprostol, in tablet form, was studied in 16 adult
      volunteers, under basal condition. The study was a randomized, double-blind,
      cross-over, comparison of placebo, and three graded doses of misoprostol (50,
      100, and 200 micrograms). Misoprostol exhibited a statistically significant
      inhibition of total acid output only at the 200 micrograms dose and this
      inhibition was maintained for 3 h postadministration of the drug. The
      antisecretory effects of misoprostol were characterized by suppression of H+ ion
      but not of the volume of gastric secretion. No untoward effects were noted in the
      volunteers. As a consequence of the gastric antisecretory effects, the present
      studies indicate that misoprostol is a promising therapeutic agent for the
      treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 6816065
TI  - Word-processing system in a centralized intravenous admixture program.
AB  - The application of a word-processing system to a centralized i.v. admixture
      service is described. The pharmacy department of a 560-bed private hospital
      developed its admixture service with a limited increase in staff and without
      compromising its clinical services by using a commercially available word
      processing system. The system allows the user to type, edit, store, and print
      patient profiles and labels for total parenteral nutrition solutions, i.v.
      piggyback medications, and large-volume parenterals. The data for the admixture
      service are stored in three diskettes--one for piggybacks, one for TPNs, and one
      for other applications. Operational details regarding all applications are
      described. The word-processing system provides a relatively inexpensive method of
      coping with the large amount of data manipulation and label preparation inherent
      in a sophisticated i.v. admixture program.

PMID- 6816066
TI  - Factors to consider after cost-benefit analysis.

PMID- 6816067
TI  - Hyperthyroxinemia in patients treated with high-dose propranolol.
AB  - Six patients with hyperthyroxinemia (five men and one woman) were evaluated for
      possible hyperthyroidism. All were taking large daily doses of propranolol--480
      +/- 155 (+/- SE) mg--for treatment of angina pectoris. The patients had no
      clinical evidence of hyperthyroidism, although three had small goiters. Further
      evaluation of the patients revealed elevated serum free thyroxine levels and/or
      free thyroxine index, low-normal serum triiodothyronine levels, and elevated
      serum reverse triiodothyronine levels in all six. The thyroid-stimulating hormone
      response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was normal in two patients, subnormal
      in three patients, and absent in one patient. One patient was restudied while
      receiving low-dose propranolol (80 mg a day), with normalization of all thyroid
      functional parameters. The data suggest that the abnormalities seen in patients
      taking high doses of propranolol were due to drug-induced blockade of
      iodothyronine deiodination. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are lacking in
      patients taking large doses of propranolol. If such a patient is discovered to
      have an elevated serum thyroxine level, a more complete evaluation of thyroid
      function is necessary before the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis can be made. The
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone test may be of particular value in this
      circumstance.

PMID- 6816068
TI  - Defibrination with ancrod in glomerulonephritis: effects on clinical and
      histologic findings and on blood coagulation.
AB  - Ancrod, which produces in vivo defibrination, has been shown to improve renal
      function and decrease fibrin deposition and crescents in experimental
      glomerulonephritis. Ancrod was given for 14 days to 5 patients with
      glomerulonephritis, moderate to severe renal functional impairment, crescents,
      and/or fibrin deposition in glomeruli. 4 patients had systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Ancrod treatment resulted in fibrinogen levels less than 50 mg/dl
      without bleeding, decrease of previously elevated factor VIII and von Willebrand
      factor levels, and normalization of in vitro platelet hyperaggregation. Renal
      function improved in all 5 patients. Serial renal biopsies showed a relatively
      rapid decrease of glomerular thrombi and necrosis and little increase in
      glomerular sclerosis. Ancrod administration appears safe, and may have a role in
      treatment of certain types of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6816069
TI  - The effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on fetal cardiovascular function during
      hypoxemia.
AB  - The effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on fetal cardiovascular function during
      hypoxemia was studied in six lamb fetuses with gestational ages of 119 to 140
      days. In chronic preparations, we determined fetal heart rate, umbilical blood
      flow (by electromagnetic flowmeter), PO2, PCO2, and pH and calculated fetal
      cardiac output and organ blood flows (using 15 mu nuclide-labeled microspheres).
      Observations were made during control periods and periods of hypoxemia, beta
      adrenergic blockade by propranolol, and hypoxemia superimposed upon the beta
      adrenergic blockade. Beta blockade effected a decrease in fetal heart rate both
      at rest and with hypoxemic stress. Propranolol produced a fall in cardiac output
      with hypoxemia, but the meaning of this in regard to beta-adrenergic effects is
      unclear. Beta blockade did not alter fetal arterial pressure or general blood
      flow distribution. However, we observed a decrease in umbilical blood flow in
      response to propranolol under both normoxic and hypoxemic conditions.

PMID- 6816070
TI  - Factor VIII inhibitor: a cause of severe postpartum hemorrhage.

PMID- 6816071
TI  - Basicranial anatomy of Plio-Pleistocene hominids from East and South Africa.
AB  - The results of a metrical analysis of the basicranium of 19 Plio-Pleistocene
      fossil hominid crania are presented. The sample includes crania attributed to
      Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus boisei, and robustus, and Homo
      erectus as well as crania whose attribution is still under discussion. These
      results confirm significant differences between the cranial base patterns of the
      "gracile" and "robust" australopithecines and the three crania attributed to Homo
      erectus have a pattern which resembles that of modern humans. None of the crania
      examined from East Africa sites have base patterns which resemble that of the
      "gracile" australopithecines. The crania KNM-ER 407 and 732 have patterns which
      are compatible with them being smaller-bodied females of Australopithecus boisei;
      KNM-ER 1470 and 1813 have base patterns which most closely resemble that of Homo
      erectus. The cranial base pattern of KNM-ER 1805 is compatible with its inclusion
      in either Australopithecus boisei or Homo. When account is taken of the
      immaturity of Taung, the evidence of its cranial base pattern suggests that if it
      had reached adulthood it would have resembled the "gracile" australopithecine
      crania from Sterkfontein and Makapansgat.

PMID- 6816072
TI  - The humerus of Aegyptopithecus zeuxis: a primitive anthropoid.
AB  - Two complete humeri of Aegyptopithecus zeuxis have been recovered from Oligocene
      deposits in the Fayum Province of Egypt. These new specimens support previous
      interpretations of the locomotor adaptations of this species and indicate that A.
      zeuxis was a robust, slowly moving arboreal quadruped. While the previously
      described distal articular region of the humerus is virtually identical with the
      same region in many extant ceboids and the Miocene hominoid Pliopithecus
      vindobonensis, the more proximal parts of the humerus show many primitive
      "prosimianlike" features not found the limbs of extant anthropoids. The primitive
      features include the absence of a distinct deltoid plane, a broad shallow
      bicipital groove, a large brachialis flange, and an entepicondylar foramen. In
      most features, the humerus of Aegyptopithecus zeuxis is more primitive than the
      hypothetical last common ancestor of extant cercopithecoids and hominoids based
      on neontological comparisons. This supports other lines of evidence indicating
      that the hominoids from the Egyptian Oligocene are morphologically ancestral to
      both Old World monkeys and apes.

PMID- 6816073
TI  - Vasopressin stimulates prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in toad bladder
      epithelial cells.
AB  - The effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its nonpressor analogue desamino-8
      arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) on immunoreactive prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2
      synthesis from endogenous arachidonic acid by epithelial cells isolated from toad
      urinary bladders were investigated. In epithelial cell suspensions prepared using
      a collagenase treatment, AVP (5 mU/ml) stimulated prostaglandin E synthesis from
      0.27 +/- 0.05 to 0.53 +/- 0.09 pmol . min-1 . mg protein-1 (P less than 0.01, n =
      6) and stimulated thromboxane A2 synthesis, as assessed by measurement of its
      stable metabolite thromboxane B2, from 0.032 +/- 0.004 to 0.054 +/- 0.009 pmol .
      min-1 . mg protein-1 (P less than 0.02, n = 6). dDAVP (130 nM) also stimulated
      immunoreactive prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 synthesis (P less than 0.05, n
      = 6). In cells prepared by EDTA treatment or scraping, aVP did not alter
      prostaglandin or thromboxane synthesis. This study demonstrates that AVP and
      dDAVP stimulate both prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in epithelial cells
      from the toad urinary bladder and suggests that the antidiuretic activity of
      these peptides is associated with this effect. The results are consistent with
      previous observations that the synthesis of prostaglandin E and thromboxane by
      epithelial cells results in a negative and positive modulation, respectively, of
      the action of AVP on water transport.

PMID- 6816074
TI  - Peripheral vascular effects of nitroglycerin in a conscious rat model of heart
      failure.
AB  - The effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (NG; 2, 8, 32 micrograms/kg) on
      cardiocirculatory dynamics were evaluated in control normal (C) and chronically
      volume-overloaded [high-output heart failure (aortocaval fistula), HCO] conscious
      rats. Pressures were recorded in the left ventricle, the caudal artery, and the
      right atrium. Regional blood flows were determined by radioactive microsphere
      injection into the left ventricle with reference sampling from the caudal artery.
      Cardiac output (CO) was 289 ml . min-1 . kg in C and did not change with NG;
      however, in HCO systemic CO was decreased 31, 23, and 23% by NG from 350 ml . min
      1 . kg. In both groups left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was reduced (C,
      8.4-5.0; HCO, 19.8-12.7 mmHg); however, central venous pressure was reduced only
      in C (1.2-0.3 mmHg). During NG primarily at 2 and 8 micrograms/kg, arterial blood
      flow was lower and vascular resistance was higher in HCO compared with C in the
      following regions: kidney, ileum, jejunum, skin, heart, spleen, stomach, and
      testes, whereas no major differences were noted in the cerebellum, cerebrum,
      liver, or skeletal muscle. Thus acute NG infusion is a more potent regional
      vasodilator in C than in HCO. It is suggested that this difference is related to
      a more powerful NG-induced sympathetic reflex activation in the HCO group, which
      strongly attenuates the direct vasodilator effect of NG that was apparent in C.

PMID- 6816075
TI  - Anorexia Nervosa: therapy and theory.
AB  - The reciprocal interaction between psychotherapy and theoretical assumptions is
      illustrated through observations of anorexia nervosa. Traditional psychoanalysis,
      with its emphasis on interpretation of unconscious processes, was found to be
      rather ineffective, whereas an approach evoking active participation on the part
      of the patient led to better treatment results. The experience of being listened
      to appeared to be of utmost importance. The characteristic deficits in self
      concept and body awareness could be related to a paucity or an absence of
      confirming responses in the early mother-child interactions. This concept
      reinforced the focus on encouragement of initiative and autonomy during therapy.

PMID- 6816076
TI  - Effect of strenuous exercise on serum lithium level in man.
AB  - The authors examined the effect of strenuous exercise on the serum lithium levels
      of four healthy, conditioned athletes who were stabilized on lithium carbonate
      for 7 days and who ran a 20-km race under hot, humid conditions. The subjects
      became substantially dehydrated during the race, and their serum lithium levels
      decreased, suggesting that sweat lithium loss may be substantial. (The sweat-to
      serum ratio for lithium exceeded that for sodium by a factor of 4.) The authors
      conclude that contrary to widely held belief, heavy sweating may not increase the
      risk of lithium intoxication.

PMID- 6816077
TI  - Renal lithium clearance as a rapid and accurate predictor of maintenance dose.

PMID- 6816078
TI  - In vitro release of lymphotoxin by spleen cells from C3H/HEJ and C57BL/6 mice
      infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6816079
TI  - Infection of organotypic cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia with
      Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Although the involvement of the nervous system in Chagas' disease is well
      described, the mechanism of the neuronal destruction is unclear. Immunologic,
      toxic mechanisms and direct invasion have been advocated. Organotypic cultures of
      spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion derived from Swiss outbred mice were
      infected with the Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Light microscopic and
      ultrastructural studies were performed at regular intervals. It was found that
      trypomastigotes were rapidly taken up by glial and other supporting cells.
      Neurons were rarely parasitized and demyelination was not evident. Loss of
      several cytoskeletal components was seen. Dendrites were swollen and axons lost
      their normal filamentous structures but synaptic membranes remained intact.
      Mitochondrial swelling was evident even in nonparasitized neurons from infected
      cultures. By 7-10 days of infection the majority of neurons lost their typical
      morphology and were eventually destroyed by mechanisms other than direct parasite
      invasion. Organotypic cultures exposed to T. cruzi-conditioned medium exhibited
      no change in morphology. Since neurons were found only rarely to be parasitized,
      it is suggested that neuronal destruction is an indirect result of the parasitism
      of supporting cells such as glial cells and macrophages.

PMID- 6816080
TI  - Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax
      infection.
AB  - Hypnozoites of two strains of the human relapsing malaria parasite, Plasmodium
      vivax, have been detected among maturing 7- and 10-day pre-erythrocytic schizonts
      in liver biopsies of chimpanzees infected by intravenous inoculation of
      sporozoites obtained from dissected salivary glands of heavily infected
      anopheline mosquitoes. As in the simian relapsing species, P. cynomolgi, the
      hypnozoites of P. vivax at 7 and 10 days are uninucleate forms of approximately 4
      5 micrometers diameter, lying within the cytoplasm of individual hepatocytes.
      Their presence in this relapsing human species is added support for the
      hypnozoite theory of malarial relapse.

PMID- 6816081
TI  - Nutritional evaluation of a blenderized diet in five major burn patients.
AB  - Five consecutively admitted major burn patients were successfully supported with
      a high calorie, high protein diet supplemented with a blenderized diet (formula)
      that was prepared in our hospital. The egg, rice, and milk base formula provided
      over 60 percent of the average daily caloric requirements essential to their
      recovery. It was effective in preventing significant weight loss and promoting
      wound healing and successful skin grafting. The formula is inexpensive,
      palatable, of high quality protein, and provides a complete feeding when
      administered daily in conjunction with vitamin and mineral supplements.

PMID- 6816082
TI  - Habituation of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex with low-frequency harmonic
      acceleration.
AB  - Habituation of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex by prolonged low-frequency (0.01
      and 0.005 Hz) harmonic (sinusoidal) angular acceleration was assessed by
      measuring the phase advance of slow-phase eye velocity at 0.01 Hz and the time
      constant of slow-phase eye velocity decay after impulses of angular acceleration.
      A single half-hour test session produced increases in low-frequency phase advance
      and decreases in time constant values in all 16 normal subjects. Although all
      subjects showed increases in low-frequency advance from the beginning to the end
      of the initial test session, only a few maintained the increases between test
      sessions. These changes are qualitatively similar to but quantitatively less than
      those observed with similar testing in monkeys. For clinical testing, to minimize
      the effect of habituation during harmonic accelerations, the testing time at low
      frequencies (i.e., less than 0.1 Hz) should be as short as possible.

PMID- 6816083
TI  - Von Willebrand's disease with thrombocytopenia, platelet function defect, and an
      abnormal Factor VIII molecule.
AB  - A girl with clinical and laboratory findings of severe Von Willebrand's disease
      (VWD) characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, marked reduction of both Factor
      VIII procoagulant activity and Factor VIII related antigen with an abnormal
      crossed immunoelectrophoretic factor VIII molecule (CIEP) is presented.
      Persistent thrombocytopenia and abnormal platelet function manifested during
      platelet aggregation with epinephrine, ADP and collagen and abnormal C14
      serotonin and platelet factor 4 release were also noted. Family studies reveal
      both parents and a paternal aunt with low normal VWD parameters and normal
      immunoelectrophoretic factor VIII molecules. A sister has mild classical VWD.
      Both the father and paternal aunt have normal platelet counts but manifest a
      similar platelet functional defect. These findings suggest that our patient is
      homozygous for VWD and has inherited the platelet functional defect through the
      paternal side of the family. The addition of CIEP techniques may allow for
      further genetic clarification of the Von Willebrand syndromes; specifically,
      delineating the severe, homozygous Von Willebrand patient from the more common
      classical heterozygous patient and from the heterogeneous group of VWD patients
      with structural defects of the VWD factor. The genetic implications and the
      interaction of thrombocytopenia and abnormal platelet function in VWD are
      discussed.

PMID- 6816084
TI  - The nature and significance of macromelanosomes in pigmented skin lesions: their
      morphological characteristics, specificity for their occurrence, and possible
      mechanisms for their formation.
AB  - The nature and significance of macromelanosomes, or giant melanosomes, in various
      pigmented skin lesions are characterized in this paper in terms of a) their
      morphological features, b) the specificity for their occurrence, and c) the
      possible mechanisms responsible for their formation. These granules occur most
      frequently in the skin and eyes of persons with x-linked ocular albinism of the
      Nettleship-Fall type, in the cafe-au-lait macules of neurofibromatosis, and in
      the pigmented macules of xeroderma pigmentosa. In these genetic disorders, skin
      biopsy for detection of the macromelanosomes could be valuable for confirming the
      diagnosis and for establishing who in asymptomatic families are carriers of the
      disorders. The macromelanosomes seem not to be formed solely by autophagic
      degradation of melanosomes, as has been proposed recently in studies of
      melanocytic nevi and lentigo simplex where aggregation of the macromelanosomes
      and melanosomes often do occur through autophagocytosis. The macromelanosomes in
      these genetic disorders may be formed by a more complex process in which the
      melanocytes are coded for aberrant melanogenesis with formation of precursor
      vacuoles similar to those of pheomelanosomes and with continuous accumulation of
      vesiculoglobular bodies. We suggest that vesiculoglobular bodies are crucial to
      the formation of macromelanosomes.

PMID- 6816085
TI  - [Anesthesia in concomitant bronchopulmonary diseases].
AB  - The goal of any anaesthesiologist delivering anaesthesia to patients with pre
      existing lung disease has to be the prevention of intra- and postoperative
      complications. Changes in gas exchange imposed by anaesthesia and surgery can
      cause dangerous disturbances in oxygen transport and in acid-base balance. Uptake
      and elimination of volatile and gaseous anaesthetics depend upon normal
      respiratory function. Any marked impairment can considerably modify the kinetics
      of these processes.

PMID- 6816086
TI  - [Lung function in pregnant patients and its significance for anesthetic
      ventilation in cesarean section].
AB  - Spirometry was conducted preoperatively in a group of 10 women subjected to
      cesarean section. The measured minute ventilation served as basis for ventilation
      under anaesthesia. The acid-base and blood gas parameters of the newborns from
      this group of patients were compared to the corresponding data obtained from
      babies of 11 women who underwent caesarean section under epidural analgesia. It
      was found that part of the data were significantly better under general
      anaesthesia with controlled respiration than under epidural analgesia with
      spontaneous respiration. The maternal carbon dioxide level assumes the
      significance of a guiding value for the choice of the ventilation parameters. If
      the spirometric initial data and the actual pCO2 value under anaesthesia are not
      known, it is recommended to employ a minute ventilation of 11.5 l/min.

PMID- 6816087
TI  - [Report of 2 cases of irreversible Horner syndrome after puncture of the internal
      jugular vein].
AB  - Two cases are presented with irreversible Horner's syndrome after cannulation of
      the internal jugular vein during the intraoperative period. In the first case the
      cannulation succeeded only after several attempts. In the second case the
      cannulation succeeded the first time. All cannulations were performed by
      experienced anaesthesiologists. This means, that a strict indication for the
      cannulation of the internal jugular vein must be considered, because of the
      possibility of irreversible damage, even if the cannulation is performed by an
      experienced physician.

PMID- 6816088
TI  - [Intraoperative application of forced diffusion-ventilation (FDV)].
AB  - Forced diffusion ventilation (FDV), a modified high frequency jet ventilation
      (HFJV), was applied intraoperatively (mean duration: 126 min) in 14 patients (7
      thoracic, 7 major abdominal surgery patients). Sufficient gas exchange could be
      achieved with extremely low tidal volumes (10-30 ml) at frequencies up to
      1500/min. This resulted in an almost complete immobilization of the lungs
      allowing an excellent surgical exposure.

PMID- 6816089
TI  - A method for determination of carbon dioxide specific radioactivity and
      concentration in blood, rumen fluid, and expired air.

PMID- 6816090
TI  - Variables in the high-pressure cation-exchange chromatography of proteins.

PMID- 6816091
TI  - A simple method for detecting drug effects on the DNA of mammalian cells.

PMID- 6816092
TI  - Reduction of interferences with thiourea in the determination of cadmium by
      electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 6816093
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in normal
      and calcitonin-treated chick osteoclasts.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase was localized in osteoclasts by light and electron microscopy
      using a preembedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining method. Osteoclasts on
      the endosteal surface of the metatarsi of calcitonin-treated and untreated
      (control) chicks were studied. A positive staining reaction was seen in the
      cytosol, in the Golgi apparatus, in and on vesicles, on the plasma membrane of
      the ruffled border, and on the bone surface beneath control osteoclasts. After
      calcitonin treatment, positive staining reactions were seen at the same sites
      except that staining was absent on the plasma membrane and endosteal bone
      surface. The morphology of osteoclasts from calcitonin-treated chicks was
      indicative of cell inactivity. The carbonic anhydrase which was bound to the
      plasma membrane of the ruffled border is appropriately arrayed for hydrogen ion
      secretion and subsequent mineral dissolution. The presence of the enzyme within
      lysosomelike vesicles and on the endosteal surface beneath active cells suggests
      that it may be released into the resorbing zone along with the lysosomal
      hydrolases. The function of the extracellular enzyme is also unknown.

PMID- 6816094
TI  - Serum FSH levels in asymptomatic, azoospermic men.

PMID- 6816095
TI  - Antiserum against inhibin: effect of inhibin and anti-inhibin serum on the
      fertility and compensatory gonadal hypertrophy in rats.

PMID- 6816096
TI  - Comparative study of inhibin from human testis, prostate and seminal plasma.

PMID- 6816097
TI  - Steroidogenic and spermatogenic potentials of the male rat after acute treatment
      with aflatoxin B1.
AB  - 150 microgram of aflatoxin B1 were injected i.p]. to male rats on three occasions
      at intervals 48 h. Sperm production and plasma and testicular testosterone
      concentrations were determined in rats killed 24 h after the last dose of
      aflatoxin with or without stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
      Neither sperm production nor testosterone secreting capacity was significantly
      depressed by the acute aflatoxin treatment. The Leydig cell function was however
      impaired as indicated by the extremely reduced responsiveness of the Leydig cells
      of the aflatoxin-pretreated rats to HCG stimulation. It may be concluded that the
      disruption of spermatogenesis by chronic aflatoxin treatment is preceded and
      caused by the impairment of the Leydig cell function and the resultant drop in
      testosterone in the testis.

PMID- 6816098
TI  - Continuous intravenous anesthesia with etomidate for carbon dioxide laser surgery
      of the larynx.
AB  - Twenty-five adult patients undergoing carbon dioxide laser surgery for benign and
      malignant disease of the larynx were given continuous infusion of etomidate at 60
      micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 for induction of anesthesia. Maintenance anesthesia was
      continued using one of three infusion rates: 20 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 (n =
      5), 30 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 (n = 10), and 40 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 (n =
      10) of etomidate in air-oxygen mixture. Muscular relaxation was achieved by
      continuous infusion of succinylcholine, and fentanyl was used for analgesia.
      Continuous etomidate infusion for induction of anesthesia resulted in a
      significant decrease in the incidence of pain along the injection site to 8% and
      involuntary muscular movements to 12% compared with 35% and 44%, respectively, in
      a group of 25 adult patients undergoing endoscopic procedure who received
      intravenously a single volus injection of etomidate (0.3 mg .g kg-1). However, a
      prolonged recovery time was observed after 30 minutes of continuous etomidate
      infusion.

PMID- 6816099
TI  - Methohexital anesthesia in the surgical treatment of uncontrollable epilepsy.
AB  - Twenty-five patients (aged 3 to 39 years) were anesthetized with methohexital for
      electrocorticographic mapping and resection of epileptogenic foci. These patients
      have been compared with 11 patients (aged 11 to 40 years) who had the same
      surgical procedure performed while they were awake because their epileptogenic
      foci were near the speech or motor areas. All patients received morphine and
      droperidol to produce analgesia and sedation, and a field block was established
      with local anesthetics. In the 25 patients, general anesthesia was induced with
      methohexital, 1.5 mg/kg. and maintained with a 0.1% infusion. After intubation,
      ventilation to a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg was maintained with O2/air. A resectable
      abnormal electroencephalogram focus was localized in every case. All but two of
      the patients awoke promptly in the operating room, allowing extubation and
      participation in neurologic assessment. None remembered the procedure. The
      incidence of improvement of seizures in patients given methohexital was similar
      to that in patients who had surgery while awake. Unlike many general anesthetics
      that depress epileptogenic activity, methohexital activates seizure activity and
      can therefore be used for the dual purpose of producing general anesthesia and
      enhancing electrocorticographic delineation of epileptogenic foci.

PMID- 6816100
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in Indian Zebu cattle.

PMID- 6816102
TI  - A simple technique using skin implants to produce histocompatability (BoLA)
      typing sera.
AB  - We describe a technique to produce high-titered bovine lymphocytotoxic antisera
      using skin implants. The main advantage of this technique is that the skin does
      not need to be processed prior to implantation and no surgical skill is required.
      In addition, the skin can be stored for up to 2 weeks and can be shipped to other
      laboratories without special handling and without loss of immunogenicity.

PMID- 6816101
TI  - Sources of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) typing reagents.
AB  - Sera from about 1000 cows were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of up to
      100 lymphocyte samples. Cytotoxic antibodies presumably resulting from
      transplacental immunization of the cow by her calf were found in about 45% of
      these sera. The antibody titers of sera from parous cows rarely exceed 4(2), some
      persisted for over one year, but decreased notably at calving. Thirty-five immune
      sera were also produced by alloimmunization with lymphocytes. They usually
      reached peak titers of up to 4(4) at 2 or 3 weeks after the initial immunization.
      Subsequent immunizations produced sera with very high titers but they were much
      more polyspecific. High-titered antibodies were also produced by skin graft
      recipients. Useful cytotoxic antibodies were found in 19 of 111 colostrum whey
      samples. Studies on 13 dam-calf pairs showed that the newborn calf may acquire
      cytotoxic antibodies from its mother's colostrum, but the only cytotoxic
      antibodies detectable in this calf's serum are those not directed against its own
      lymphocyte antigens. It is concluded that efficient lymphocyte typing requires
      antibodies from a variety of sources.

PMID- 6816103
TI  - The effects of disodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate on the
      immediate response of the nasal mucosa to allergen challenge.
AB  - This study deals with the comparative investigation of the protective effects of
      disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) Rynacrom, Intal and beclomethasone dipropionate
      aerosol (BDA); Aldecin Beconase on the immediate nasal mucosa response to
      allergen challenge due to the immediate hypersensitivity (Type I allergy) in 50
      patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. DSCG demonstrated distinct protective
      effects on the immediate nasal mucosa response to allergen challenge in all
      patients investigated, while BDA failed to demonstrate any protective effects on
      the immediate nasal mucosa response to allergen challenge in any of the patients
      studied.

PMID- 6816104
TI  - [Immunonephelometry and electro-immunodiffusion for the quantitative
      determination of apolipoprotein A-I in human blood].

PMID- 6816105
TI  - [Adaptation of an immunoenzyme technic to the analysis of total estrogens of the
      menstrual cycle].

PMID- 6816106
TI  - [Interference of immune complexes and lipoproteins in the assay of immunoglobulin
      M by kinetic immunonephelometry].

PMID- 6816107
TI  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine: a promising lead for preventive chemotherapy for
      coccidiosis.
AB  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; RMI 71,782) given in drinking water in
      concentrations as low as 0.0625% inhibited infections of Eimeria tenella and
      minimized the development of lesions in chickens. It had approximately the same
      activity as a currently used anticoccidial drug, amprolium, and also had the
      advantage of being relatively nontoxic in chickens. Body weight gains were not
      reduced in chickens given 0.0635% DFMO or less for 14 days starting 8 days before
      they were inoculated with oocysts, but were reduced in chickens given drinking
      water containing 0.125 and 0.25% DFMO. The anticoccidial activity of DFMO was
      completely reversed by injection (intraabdominal) of putrescine hydrochloride
      (300 mg/kg of body weight/day), indicating that the drug may act by blocking
      putrescine biosynthesis. Inoculated chickens, in which coccidial lesion
      development was suppressed by DFMO, resisted subsequent challenge exposure with E
      tenella, as did nontreated infected control birds which had recovered from
      infection.

PMID- 6816108
TI  - Chemotactic factors for bovine leukocytes.
AB  - An agarose method was used to determine the nature of chemotaxins for bovine
      leukocytes as related to coliform mastitis. Freshly collected bovine serum or
      plasma was frequently chemotactic, probably due to spontaneous complement
      activation. Fresh serum was always rendered chemotactic when activated with
      zymosan or when heat-killed or viable coliform bacteria were incubated in the
      serum. The bacteria did not contribute to preexisting activity in the serum.
      Escherichia coli grown in synthetic media did not generate chemotaxins, and the
      synthetic peptide formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenyl-alanine was not
      chemotactic in the agarose system for bovine leukocytes. Endotoxin-treated serum
      had variable activity.

PMID- 6816110
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid strain. Its significance in adult chest diseases.
AB  - Isolation of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from bronchial secretions
      has occurred usually in the setting of cystic fibrosis. This association has been
      so strong that it is considered a sign of the presence of cystic fibrosis. We
      reviewed the records of 31 patients in whom this strain was isolated; in contract
      to previous experiences, we found that only 2 of our patients could be considered
      to have cystic fibrosis. The remainder all had a chronic pulmonary disease, and
      common to all was the presence of bronchiectasis. We conclude that isolation of
      mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from bronchial secretions of adults with
      a chronic pulmonary process indicates the presence of underlying bronchiectasis.

PMID- 6816109
TI  - A biochemical study on glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) in emphysematous
      and in aged lungs.
AB  - Quantitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the lungs from different age groups
      indicated that the amount of GAGs was lower in the group 70 yr of age and older
      compared with that in the groups 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 yr of age, respectively (p
      less than 0.05). There was no difference in the relative ratio of individual GAG
      species (hyaluronic acid: chondroitin sulfate (A(C): dermatan sulfate: heparan
      sulfate) of the lung among the groups 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 or
      more yr of age. Hence, it was suggested that senescence of the lung was
      associated with a uniform decrease of all the GAG species in the lung. On the
      contrary, emphysematous lungs were characterized by a decrease in relative
      percentage of hyaluronic acid in comparison with control lungs (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 6816111
TI  - A six-month study of the evolution of papain-induced emphysema in the dog.
AB  - The development of papain-induced emphysema and the effect of structural changes
      of the lung on pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated in the dog in a 6-month
      study. Papain was administered as an aerosol at the beginning of the study and at
      Day 21; control animals received saline. At 3 or at 6 months, hemodynamic
      investigations were carried out in the awake animal (sedated with piritramide).
      The dogs were then killed and the lungs processed for morphometric evaluation.
      Arterial blood gases were analyzed at regular intervals for the duration of the
      study. In the papain-treated dogs, mean linear intercept (Lm) and internal
      surface area of the lungs corrected to an arbitrary lung volume of 2L (ISA2) were
      significantly different from control dogs both at 3 and at 6 months. No
      progression of the structural changes of the lung occurred between these two time
      intervals. Arterial blood oxygenation was normal throughout the study. In the
      papain-treated group at 6, but not at 3, months, mean pulmonary arterial blood
      pressure (PAPm) and pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) were significantly
      augmented when compared with the control group. A significant correlation was
      found at 6 months between the Lm and ISA2 on one side, and PAPm and PAR on the
      other side, suggesting that the structural changes of the lung were responsible
      for pulmonary hemodynamic alterations.

PMID- 6816112
TI  - Primary antituberculosis drug resistance in Hawaii 1977 to 1981.

PMID- 6816113
TI  - [Primary meningococcal arthritis].

PMID- 6816115
TI  - The pathogenesis of radiation injury in complex tissues: an overview of problems
      and probes.
AB  - The evaluation of radiation injury in complex organs has tended to lag behind
      comparable areas of investigative interest. This observation is somewhat
      surprising in view of the increased use of radiotherapy as a primary or adjuvant
      mode of therapy for malignant disease. In part, this problem appears to relate to
      the difficulty of identifying and quantifying the morphologic consequences of
      radiation injury in complex organs, in which the various component tissues
      exhibit a broad spectrum of radiosensitivities. Two approaches have been employed
      to address this problem: (1) utilization of sophisticated probes to evaluate the
      functional and morphologic sequelae of radiation injury and (2) segmentation of
      complex tissues into their component parts, which are then evaluated
      individually. Both approaches are illustrated in the papers presented in this
      issue. The purpose of this overview is to call attention to some of the attendant
      difficulties of the former approach, as seen in an ongoing investigative program
      concerned with radiation injury of the kidney.

PMID- 6816114
TI  - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome in childhood].
AB  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome is becoming more frequent in pediatric age.
      There are several factors involved in its' etiology. Sepsis is almost invariably
      present in all patients. Basic mechanism is an increase of pulmonary capillary
      permeability with production of acute non cardiogenic oedema. The decrease in
      compliance and functional residual capacity produce a respiratory failure with
      hypoxemia non-responsive to the increase in FiO2. Pulmonary hypertension and low
      cardiac output appear once the syndrome has developed. In its' management,
      cardiorespiratory monitoring is essential. Prophylaxis is based on early
      treatment of the essential pathological process. Corticoids are only effective if
      they are administered before development of pulmonary oedema. The treatment is
      based on: a) Moderate water restriction. b) Early respiratory assistance using
      PEEP or CPAP. c) Maintenance of adequate oxygen transport. The extracorporeal
      oxygenation guarantees the oxygen exchange but it does not affect survival.
      Mortality is 95%. Patients who survive have minimal pulmonary sequelae.

PMID- 6816116
TI  - Outer membrane proteins in a carbenicillin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The outer membrane of a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to
      carbenicillin, and its derivative adapted to grow in the presence of
      carbenicillin were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lack of
      beta-lactamase activity showed that the resistance of the adapted strain was not
      due to hydrolysis of carbenicillin. The appearance of several outer membrane
      proteins almost exclusively in the resistant strain supports the view of altered
      cell envelope properties in this strain.

PMID- 6816117
TI  - Experimental retrograde pyelonephritis due to group D streptococcus in the
      rabbit: pathologic, bacteriologic and antibody-coated bacteria studies.
AB  - An experimental model of retrograde pyelonephritis in the rabbit using
      streptococcus D is described. The pathological findings were those of chronic
      pyelonephritis. The results of the antibody-coated bacteria test (ACB test) were
      usually negative at the end of follow-up time. Confirming previous results in
      streptococcus D urinary infection in the child, this experimental model shows
      that the ACB test is not reliable in urinary infections due to streptococcus D.

PMID- 6816118
TI  - [Comparative study of mycobactin-dependent strains of mycobacteria isolated from
      the wood-pigeon with Mycobacterium avium and M. paratuberculosis: study of
      biological and antigenic characteristics].
AB  - In this investigation three mycobacterial strains isolated in our laboratory from
      wood-pigeons were compared with one strain isolated by Matthews and another by
      Jorgensen from, respectively, a wood-pigeon and a roe-deer. The strains were also
      compared with various strains of Mycobacterium avium and M. paratuberculosis. The
      strains isolated from the wood-pigeons formed a relatively homogeneous group,
      which could be distinguished from M. avium and M. paratuberculosis. It was
      interesting to verify that most of the cultural and biochemical properties of the
      wood-pigeon mycobacteria were similar to those of M. paratuberculosis. The
      strains formed rough colonies and grew slowly in special mediums containing M.
      phlei extracts or mycobactin. However, one must recall that mycobactin dependence
      was also reported by Matthews for some strains of M. avium. The tween hydrolysis
      test (10 days), negative for M. avium, was positive for both the wood-pigeon
      mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis. The trehalase test, which appears to be
      regularly positive for M. avium, was also positive for the wood-pigeon
      mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis. In respect to drug susceptibility, no
      significant differences were observed. The organisms were resistant to most drugs
      studied, but were also resistant to cycloserine, in contrast to most M. avium
      strains. On the other hand, the organisms were not distinguished using sensitins,
      prepared from wood-pigeon mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis using specifically
      sensitized guinea-pigs. However, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria could be clearly
      differentiated from M. paratuberculosis and M. avium using serology methods.
      Indeed, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria did not agglutinate in the presence of any
      of the sera defining the M. avium-intracellulare serovars (serovars 1 to 28); and
      by immunodiffusion in agar the wood-pigeon mycobacteria antigens formed two
      precipitation lines which were absent from M. paratuberculosis. Judging from our
      findings, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria are more closely related to M.
      paratuberculosis than to M. avium. It appears that biochemical and antigenic
      properties are not sufficient to completely differentiate these bacteria. Further
      studies are needed, and we plan to investigate in the near future their
      pathogenicity for rabbits, chicken and calves.

PMID- 6816120
TI  - Vitamin E and total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Vitamin E and essential fatty acid status were examined in two groups of
      patients, one receiving fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with
      intravenous all-rac-alpha-tocopherol for vitamin E deficiency and the other
      receiving routine intravenous fat (Intralipid, 10%) emulsions with TPN to supply
      both fatty acid and vitamin E requirements. Initial evaluation of both groups
      revealed a 50% incidence of vitamin E deficiency, platelet hyperaggregation, or
      in vitro H2O2-induced hemolysis. Only platelet hyperaggregation correlated
      significantly with vitamin E deficiency. Supplementation with all-rac-alpha
      tocopherol corrected platelet hyperaggregation and H2O2-induced hemolysis; daily
      dosage requirements of 25-50 mg (fat-free TPN) or more (with intravenous fat)
      suggest increased vitamin E requirements during TPN. Intravenous fat emulsion did
      not correct the platelet and red blood cell abnormalities, a result of either
      increased vitamin E requirements or low alpha-tocopherol-equivalent content of
      the emulsion. Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) was observed in seven
      patients with an associated platelet hyperaggregation independent of vitamin E
      deficiency. Prolonged TPN for enterocutaneous fistulae in three patients was
      associated with persistent EFAD and platelet hyperaggregation despite up to 2.0
      liters of intravenous fat emulsion weekly.

PMID- 6816121
TI  - The effects of vitamin E on arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6816119
TI  - [Attempt to obtain and maintain rumen entodiniomorph ciliates in axenic
      cultures].
AB  - A method to obtain and maintain rumen ciliates in either axenic cultures or
      cultures with a reduced flora is described; it consists of two or three
      incubating periods with different antibiotic associations (separated by washing)
      and renewing of nutrient medium. On these conditions, Polyplastron
      multivesiculatum is obtained in an axenic state and can survive for 5 days.
      Entodinium sp. can survive for 10 to 14 days, but with a reduced bacterial
      population composed only of strict aerobic of facultative anaerobic species.

PMID- 6816122
TI  - Vitamin E and immune regulation.

PMID- 6816123
TI  - Clinical consequences of low selenium intake and its relationship to vitamin E.
AB  - Great differences in dietary selenium intake have resulted in naturally occurring
      human selenium deficiencies and toxicities in certain parts of the world. Most
      North American diets, however, provide levels of selenium that fall within the
      estimated safe and adequate range of intake (50 to 200 microgram/day for adults)
      as established by the U.S. National Research Council. Low selenium status may
      develop in individuals fed certain therapeutic diets or given total parenteral
      nutrition. Attempts have been made to link low selenium intake with cancer and
      heart disease, but additional research is needed in this area. Selenium, as a
      constituent of glutathione peroxidase, plays a role in the antioxidant defense
      systems of the body, but other metabolic roles for selenium may yet be
      discovered.

PMID- 6816125
TI  - Heat sink protection against lasering endotracheal cuffs.
AB  - The ignition of an endotracheal cuff by CO2 laser impaction has proved
      troublesome in several ignition sequences. Metal foil tape wrapped around the
      shaft of the tube will provide adequate protection for it, but the tape does not
      extend to the thin-walled cuff. When normal saline solution is used instead of
      air to fill the cuff, heat is rapidly conducted away from the wall and the cuff
      is prevented from reaching its kindling temperature. If penetration should occur,
      a fine jet of saline solution instantaneously sprays the field, extinguishing any
      early combustion. The reaction time of the surgeon or an assistant is not a
      factor in prevention of thermal injury, no new equipment is required and
      preparation time is minimal.

PMID- 6816124
TI  - Chevalier Jackson lecture. Esophagology: an update.
AB  - Because of the great interest in the problem of gastroesophageal reflux, much
      emphasis has been placed on factors which control the competence of the lower
      esophageal sphincter (LES). Much study has been devoted to the effect of hormones
      and drugs on the LES. Of the various diagnostic methods available, 24-hour pH
      testing seems to offer the most information regarding reflux and its
      complications. Medical therapy should be given a careful trial before surgical
      procedures for reflux are considered. Diagnostic esophagoscopy is usually
      performed with fiberoptic instruments. Open-tube esophagoscopes are still
      preferable for most types of endoscopy is usually performed with fiberoptic
      instruments. Open-tube esophagoscopes are still preferable for most types of
      endoscopic therapy. However, flexible fiberscopes may be used for injection of
      esophageal varices and for laser coagulation of bleeding lesions or even tumors.
      Guide wires may be introduced through flexible scopes to aid in the dilation of
      esophageal strictures and also to aid in the placement of prosthetic tubes in
      patients with obstructing cancers. The performance of esophagoscopy by
      practitioners of several disciplines has resulted in fragmentation of the
      specialty. Ideally, all esophagoscopists should be competent with both open-tube
      and fiberoptic scopes and should be familiar with all of the newer knowledge of
      the physiology and pharmacology of the esophagus and its sphincters.

PMID- 6816126
TI  - First National Conference on Research Goals and Methods in Otolaryngology.
      Recommendations of the writing groups.

PMID- 6816127
TI  - Computed tomography of the neck.
AB  - Thorough familiarity with the anatomy of the neck depicted in axial sections is
      fundamental to the interpretation of computed tomography (CT) scans. Fifteen
      consecutive sections are selected at 1 cm-intervals beginning at the level of the
      nasopharynx and extending down to the level of the thoracic inlet. Each scan is
      referenced to a profile drawing of the neck. Each CT scan is reproduced in the
      line drawing, which is labeled for major organs and discrete structures appearing
      in that section. Twelve representative cases illustrate the usefulness of CT in
      the evaluation of neck masses by documenting tumor size, location and
      relationship to adjacent structures. Intravenous contrast improves recognition of
      vascular structures and distinguishes lymph nodes from blood vessels. The
      location and relative density of lesions facilitate their specific
      identification. Demineralization of bone and cartilage is accurately documented
      in the illustrative cases. Symmetry is the key to the interpretation of subtle
      pathologies.

PMID- 6816128
TI  - A no-contact splint for skin grafting of the ankle.

PMID- 6816129
TI  - Anaerobic threshold for long-term exercise and maximal exercise performance.
AB  - The anaerobic threshold during graded exercise (GXT, AT1) was determined as the
      exercise level initiating a curvilinear increase in ventilation (VE), and during
      prolonged exercise (PXT, 40 min, AT2) as the maximal exercise level where still a
      steady state for VE can be reached. Subjects were 8 healthy males, 20 to 53 years
      of age. Maximal exercise capacity was estimated by means of 1) VO2 max 2) max
      time on bicycle ergometer at 200 Watts and 3) maximal distance run within 12 min
      (Cooper test). VO2 max was significantly related to AT1, GXT (r = 0.85, 0.01 less
      than p less than 0.001) and to AT2, PXT (r = 0.75, 0.05 less than p less than
      0.01). Also a significant correlation was found between the endurance exercise
      capacity (= 200 Watts) and both AT1 (r = 0.80; 0.05 less than p less than 0.01)
      and AT2 (r = 0.84; 0.01 less than p less than 0.001). Finally only AT2 was
      significantly correlated with the Cooper test (r = 0.81; 0.01 less than p less
      than 0.001), no significant relationship was found for AT1 (r = 0.68; p less than
      0.05). In conclusion AT1 reached the highest correlation with a short maximal
      exercise test such as VO2 max, in contrast to AT2, which showed the highest
      correlation with endurance exercise such as Cooper test or maximal exercise time
      at 200 Watts.

PMID- 6816130
TI  - Limiting amino acids in bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) as determined from blood
      amino acid levels and amino acid supplementation studies in the rat.
AB  - The limiting amino acids of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) were determined from
      plasma amino acid score and ratio and growth response of weanling rats to
      supplements of amino acids. The results indicated that methionine, threonine and
      tryptophan are the most limiting amino acids. Protein efficiency ratio of raw and
      cooked Bengal gram fed at a dietary level of 10% protein increased from 2.7 to
      3.7 and 2.4 to 3.4, respectively, on supplementing the diets with methionine,
      threonine and tryptophan. Plasma levels of lysine, methionine, threonine and
      tryptophan were similar in rats fed raw or cooked Bengal gram, indicating that
      the trypsin or other inhibitors that may be present in the raw gram do not affect
      the biological availability of these amino acids.

PMID- 6816132
TI  - Treatment of the "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinsonism with lithium carbonate.
AB  - Six patients with severe parkinsonism complicated by the "on-off" phenomenon were
      treated with lithium carbonate in addition to regular antiparkinson medications.
      A randomized double-blind crossover trial of lithium versus placebo was
      conducted, followed by an open trial of lithium therapy. Five patients had
      markedly reductions in akinesia (mean, 70%) and improved by one grade in
      Parkinson staging. This result was more striking in male than in female patients,
      and in all responders benefit has been maintained during the open phase of
      lithium treatment (mean follow-up of 36 weeks). In no patient was a reduction in
      akinesia observed during placebo treatment. Lithium carbonate appears to offer a
      new and potentially effective approach to treatment of the on-off phenomenon.

PMID- 6816131
TI  - Non-specific resistance of mice to bacteria, induced by an acellular extract from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Antibacterial activity of an acellular extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AEP)
      was assessed in mice infected with bacteria including extracellular and
      intracellular bacteria. It was shown that AEP strongly increased resistance of
      mice to bacterial infections. The protective effect was maximal between days 2
      and 5 after inoculation of AEP, and subcutaneous inoculation was most efficient.
      The ED90 of AEP was about 30 micrograms per mouse (i.e. about 10 times less than
      that of Corynebacterium parvum). AEP caused an increased in Listeria
      monocytogenes destruction in the spleen and liver. AEP-treated mice exhibited an
      early recruitment of phagocytes after bacterial challenge in the peritoneal
      cavity. Furthermore, phagocytosis and O2-dependent bactericidal systems were
      studied by measuring the chemiluminescence response from macrophages under
      exposure to L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus: the response was earlier
      and higher from AEP-stimulated macrophages than from controls. It was concluded
      that AEP induces an early recruitment of phagocytes and increases their
      bactericidal activity.

PMID- 6816133
TI  - Amelioration of hemiballismus with sodium valproate.

PMID- 6816134
TI  - Phycobilisomes: structure and dynamics.

PMID- 6816135
TI  - Infections due to Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae.

PMID- 6816136
TI  - Metabolic acquisitions through laboratory selection.

PMID- 6816137
TI  - The ecology and role of protozoa in aerobic sewage treatment processes.

PMID- 6816138
TI  - [Action of chemical and physical mutagenic factors on the tetracycline producer
      Streptomyces aureofaciens].
AB  - The mutagenic effects of N-nitrozomethylbiuret (N-NMB), N-nitrozomethylurea (N
      NMU), N-nitrozodimethylurea (N-NDMU), ethylene imine and UV light on Str.
      aureofacients producing tetracycline was studied comparatively. It was shown that
      N-NMU and N-NMB had a higher toxicity and mutagenic activity as compared to N
      NDMU. The toxicity levels of N-NMU and N-NMB were similar. Still, by the number
      of the morphological mutations induced by them N-NMU was more effective.

PMID- 6816139
TI  - [Nisin inactivation in a culture of the producer Streptococcus lactis strain
      MGU].
AB  - The intensive biosynthesis of nizin on the glucose-yeast medium is observed
      during the logarithmic and early lag phases of the staphylococcal growth. The
      ratio of nizin in the fermentation broth (free nazin) and that bound with the
      cells depended on pH of the medium. When pH was maintained at 6.6-6.8, the amount
      of nazin in the cells during and growth logarithmic phase was equal to its amount
      in the fermentation broth filtrate. During the lag phase marked inactivation of
      nizin was noted. periodical feeding of casein prevented the nizin inactivation.
      The preliminary data are indicative of the enzymatic nature of the antibiotic.

PMID- 6816140
TI  - [New immunofluorescent method for the rapid determination of microbial antibiotic
      sensitivity].
AB  - A new procedure for rapid determination of the levels of antibiotic sensitivity
      in pathogenic microorganisms with the use of fluorescent antibodies is described.
      The procedure was developed with the use of a model of the vaccinal strains of
      Bacillus anthracis. It is based on determination of the microbial antibiotic
      resistance with the method of serial dilutions on solid media. Still, the medium
      with an antibiotic is inoculated instead of the pathogen with the native material
      subject to the analysis. The antibiotic effect on the microorganism is estimated
      with the method of fluorescent antibodies. The replica preparations obtained as a
      result of the pathogen growth in a mixed culture on nutrient media containing
      definite concentrations of the antibiotic are examined with the method of
      luminescence microscopy. The modification of the immunofluorescent procedure for
      rapid determination of the microbial sensitivity to antibiotics does not require
      obligatory isolation of the pathogen as a pure culture. This makes the procedure
      more economic with respect to the time necessary for the analysis. The following
      conditions for performing rapid analysis with respect to Bacillus anthracis are
      required: the minimal concentration of the pathogen in the specimen (2.10(5)
      spores/ml), preliminary thermal treatment of the specimen for destroying the
      spore microflora, additional cultivation for 6-8 hours at 37 degrees C. The
      presence of the accompanying sporulating microflora, i.e. common microorganisms
      present in the atmosphere, soil and open water bodies does not prevent the
      performance of the analysis.

PMID- 6816141
TI  - [Nature of the genetic control of antibiotic resistance in a Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa BS205 strain].
AB  - The clinical strain BS205 of P. aeruginosa is characterized by a high level of
      resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfanilamide and
      mercuric chloride. These markers can be transferred to P. aeruginosa PAO by means
      of transduction with phage F116L or mobilization with plasmid RP4. In the same
      way as in the initial strain of P. aeruginosa BS205 no plasmid DNA is detected in
      transducers or transconjugants. After transference to the strains of the
      transducers or transconjugants containing markers Sm, Km, Cm, Su, and Hg. plasmid
      Rip 64 of the incompatibility group is eliminated from the cells of these strains
      when they are grown on the nonselective medium. The genes of resistance to
      streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfanilamide and mercury and the
      gene(s) of incompatibility specific of the plasmid of the incompatibility group P
      3 are included in the DNA fragment of the size of about 24 megadalton. This
      fragment is probably a defective plasmid not capable of autonomic existence which
      is integrated into the bacterial chromosome of P. aeruginosa BS205.

PMID- 6816143
TI  - [Bacteriocinogenic typing of lactobacilli].
AB  - Sensitivity of 588 strains of Lactobacilli belonging to 15 species was studied
      with respect to 39 bacteriocinogenic strains of Lactobacilli producing 39
      variants of bacteriocins. The study provided a set of 20 indicator strains of
      Lactobacilli. With the use of this set it is possible to mark Lactobacilli of
      various species and differentiate them into 39 bacteriocinogenic types. This may
      be used in taxonomic and epidemiological studies.

PMID- 6816142
TI  - [Action of tetracycline and rifampicin on Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia
      sibirica].
AB  - The effect of tetracycline and rifampicin on R. prowazekii, strain Breinl and R.
      sibirica, strain X1 was studied in the experiments with chick embryos exposed to
      the antibiotic mixture with the infection material. It was shown that
      tetracycline in doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/embryo had the rickettsiostatic and
      rickettsiocidic effects respectively on R. sibirica. Rifampicin had only the
      rickettsiostatic effect in a dose of 0.1 mg/embryo and no rickettsiocidic effect
      even in a dose of 2 mg/embryo. Higher doses were toxic for 100 per cent of the
      embryos. The rickettsiostatic and rickettsiocidic effects of tetracycline on R.
      prowazekii were evident in doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/embryo, respectively.
      Rifampicin in a dose of 0.05 mg/embryo had both the rickettsiostatic and the
      rickettsiocidic effects on R. prowazekii. Therefore, rifampicin was more active
      with respect to R. prowazekii and tetracycline was more active with respect to R.
      sibirica. In addition, R. sibirica was more resistant to both tetracycline and
      rifampicin as compared to R. prowazekii.

PMID- 6816144
TI  - Characterization of a new Bacillus megaterium bacteriophage, MJ-1, from tropical
      soil.
AB  - A new Bacillus megaterium bacteriophage is characterized. It is a tailed phage
      with regular polyhedral head belonging to Bradley's group B. Head and tail
      dimensions are 56.4 and 300 nm, respectively. Lysis was restricted to strains of
      B. megaterium. No antigenic relationship with pumilus phage FP-1 or subtilis
      phage FS-1 was observed. The phage is sensitive to 60 degrees C and moderately
      sensitive to chloroform. The nucleic acid is double-stranded linear DNA with a G
      C mole% of 38.8 and a mol wt of (53 +/- 3) X 10(6).

PMID- 6816145
TI  - Synthesis of proteins by chloroplasts from iron-deficient Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6816146
TI  - Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to factor VIII, fibronectin, and
      collagenous basement membrane protein in normal human skin and port wine stains.
AB  - Specific antibodies directed against three important components of the vessel
      wall (collagenous basement membrane protein-type IV collagen, fibronectin, and
      factor VIII) were used to study and compare the distribution of these proteins in
      normal skin and port wine stains. Collagenous basement membrane protein was
      localized to the basement membrane and basal lamina zones of blood vessels,
      appendages, arrector pili muscles, endoneurium and perineurium, and the
      dermoepidermal junction of both port wine stains and normal skin. Vessels of the
      port wine stain as well as those of normal skin showed a similar narrow uniform
      homogeneous line of fluorescence. Granular endothelial staining was seen in the
      blood vessels of both normal skin and port wine stains. The distribution of
      fibronectin was that of a low-intensity punctate pattern situated in the
      subendothelial region of both port wine stain and normal vessels and in the
      basement membrane zones of hair follicles, endoneurium and perineurium, and the
      dermoepidermal junction.

PMID- 6816147
TI  - Mild form of Hunter's syndrome: clinical delineation based on 31 cases.
AB  - The clinical features are described in 31 cases of the mild form of Hunter's
      syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II) ascertained in the British Isles. The mean
      age at onset was 4.3 years and at death was 21.7 years. Each patient had a large
      head and short stature. Umbilical and inguinal herniae were recorded in 95% and
      61% of the cases. Evidence of cardiac disease was found in 91%; this was the most
      common cause of death. All of the patients suffered from frequent upper or lower
      respiratory tract infection. Middle airways obstruction proved to be a particular
      hazard. A high incidence of sensorineural deafness and unexplained papilloedema
      was noted. The importance of regular health care for these individuals is
      stressed.

PMID- 6816148
TI  - Congenital isolated thyrotrophin releasing hormone deficiency.

PMID- 6816149
TI  - Parenteral feeding and necrotising enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants.

PMID- 6816150
TI  - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of bacterial polychlorinated biphenyl
      biodegradation products.

PMID- 6816151
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity in the pregnant cynomolgus monkey: a pilot
      study.

PMID- 6816152
TI  - Raising marketable yellow perch on a polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated diet:
      a feasibility study for the perch aquaculture industry.

PMID- 6816153
TI  - Effects of carbamates on bobwhite food intake, body weight, and locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 6816154
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in patients with ectopic ossification due to
      fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

PMID- 6816157
TI  - Energy expenditure during parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6816155
TI  - Blunt transection of the pancrease treated by distal pancreatectomy, splenic
      salvage and hyperalimentation. Four cases and review of the literature.
AB  - The increasing awareness among surgeons of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis
      has led to new and innovative procedures to save the spleen. In pancreatic
      transection injuries (Type II)26 the classical treatment has been distal
      pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The opportunity to treat several patients with
      pancreatic transections sustained during blunt abdominal trauma lead to the
      review of the literature on the subject. Particular attention was paid to
      treatment of these injuries during distal pancreatectomy with splenic salvage,
      appropriate drainage, and hyperalimentation. Associated complications were
      likewise investigated and reviewed.

PMID- 6816156
TI  - Total body potassium depletion and the need for preoperative nutritional support
      in Chrohn's disease.
AB  - Significant intracellular potassium depletion was documented in 57 patients with
      Crohn's disease by measurements of total body potassium, body water compartments,
      and red cell Na,K-ATPase units. Total body potassium deficits paralleled the
      activity of illness, but were not correlated to serum potassium levels. Treatment
      before surgery to improve individual body potassium content resulted in a reduced
      surgical mortality and complication rate compared with a retrospective series of
      56 patients in whom pretreatment had simply been aimed at normalizing serum
      albumin and other standard serum parameters. In conclusion, preoperative
      nutritional support in Crohn's disease is recommended for patients with a total
      body potassium level less than 70% of normal. If whole body counting for direct
      measurement of total body potassium is not available, a Crohn's Disease Activity
      Index above 225 is proposed as the deciding level, and the parenteral
      administration of a standardized regimen consisting of 150 to 200 mval potassium
      plus 2500 to 3000 kcal daily for a two-week period is recommended.

PMID- 6816158
TI  - Hormonal dependence of the first spermatogenic wave in the mouse.
AB  - Antiserum to rat gonadotropins (arG) has been proved capable of binding
      homologous luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in
      vitro and mouse LH and FSH in vivo. The administration of arG did not evoke
      antibody production. The physiological role of endogenous gonadotrophins during
      neonatal life was studied by administration of this antiserum to groups of
      newborn male mice. Daily injection of arG from birth up to the age of 100 days
      inhibited markedly weight increase of testes and accessory glands. Histological
      evaluation of the testes of such treated animals revealed that spermatogenesis up
      to the stage of pachytene spermatocytes can proceed in the absence of endogenous
      gonadotropins; however, no spermatids were formed and the number of cells that
      developed in the hormone-deprived animals was significantly lower than in the
      normal animal. Substitution treatment with exogenous FSH permitted the formation
      of a small number of spermatids, but completion of spermatogenesis was obtained
      only with combined LH and FSH treatment.

PMID- 6816160
TI  - Testicular function in men with chronic renal failure and transplant recipients
      under bromoergocriptine therapy.
AB  - Plasma zinc (Zn), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
      prolactin (PRL), and androgens concentrations were determined in 15 male patients
      with chronic renal failure who were successful recipients of kidney transplant.
      After 25 +/- 8.5 months of the renal transplant, Zn levels were (88 +/- 4 g/dl)
      lower than in the control group (116 +/- 5 micrograms/dl). Normal concentrations
      for androstenedione (A) (0.63 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) and testosterone (T) (3.31 +/- 0.15
      ng/ml) were found. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels (0.38 +/- 0.01 ng/ml) were
      lower than normal (1.11 +/- 0.09 ng/ml), suggesting a blockade in the conversion
      of T to DHT. Eleven of the 15 patients showed higher PRL levels (9.5 +/- 0.8
      ng/ml) in contrast with the normal group (3.6 +/- 0.3 ng/ml). Ten patients
      received orally 2-alpha-bromoergocriptine (BEC) 2.5 mg/day for ten days. Plasma
      PRL decreased to 2.6 +/- 1.0 ng/ml (p less than 0.001), but A and T levels did
      not significantly change; however, DHT increased from 0.38 +/- 0.02 ng/ml to 0.72
      +/- 0.04 ng/ml (p less than 0.01). All patients showed an increase in both
      gonadotropins before BEC without significant changes after treatment. The high
      PRL levels may be responsible for the impaired conversion of T to DHT, possibly
      by interference with the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase.

PMID- 6816159
TI  - Pituitary-thyroid axis after bilateral orchiectomy in men.
AB  - The functional interaction between the testis and thyroid was evaluated in 13
      patients affected by prostatic carcinoma before and after bilateral orchiectomy.
      Two different patterns of thyroid hormones were noted. Immediately after surgery,
      free thyroxine (T4) increased and total triiodothyronine (T3) decreased probably
      as a result of surgical stress at anesthesia. Later, free T4 levels decreased
      while total T4 and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were unchanged. Such changes
      may be due to qualitative changes in binding proteins.

PMID- 6816162
TI  - Chronic liver disease manifesting as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman was initially seen with anemia, purpura, gastrointestinal
      tract and vaginal bleeding, pronounced hyperglobulinemia, and an increased serum
      viscosity, all suggestive of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Subsequent
      investigation, however, indicated that these abnormalities were more likely due
      to chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis. The striking similarity of this
      patient's symptoms to those of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and the
      pathophysiologic characteristics of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in chronic
      liver disease are discussed.

PMID- 6816161
TI  - Clinical aerosols II. Therapeutic aerosols.
AB  - The current uses of clinical aerosols such as water, saline, mucolytics,
      bronchodilators, cromolyn sodium, corticosteroids, and antimicrobials have been
      reviewed. The benefits of water, saline, and detergent aerosols continue to be
      surrounded by uncertainty and controversy. Aerosolized mucolytic and proteolytic
      agents have not been conclusively shown to be of substantial value in the
      improvement of respiratory disorders. Favorable bronchodilator therapy is
      achieved with aerosols of certain sympathomimetic and anticholinergic agents.
      However, successful therapy depends on the dose administered and the site of
      aerosol deposition in the lung. The prophylactic use of cromolyn sodium in
      patients with asthma is another useful application of aerosols. Topically active
      corticosteroid aerosols are increasingly being used since they may reduce risks
      of systemic effects from corticosteroids. Research on uncommonly aerosolized
      agents has widened the spectrum of therapeutic applications of aerosols.

PMID- 6816163
TI  - Treating Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

PMID- 6816164
TI  - [Abnormal communications in acute bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve].
AB  - Abnormal communications acquired during acute aortic valve bacterial endocarditis
      are rare but serious complications. Seven cases are reported; between the left
      ventricle and right atrium (3 cases), the left and right ventricles (2 cases),
      the aorta and right atrium (I case) and the aorta and left atrium (I case). The
      usual causal organisms is a staphylococcus (4 out of 7). The diagnosis is
      suspected on the development of atrio-ventricular block, a parasystolic murmur
      and sudden severe cardiac failure, but can only be confirmed by catheterisation
      and angiocardiography (impractical in our patients because of their poor
      condition). Echocardiography is of great diagnostic value. Surgical cure involves
      a double approach aortotomy and opening the other chamber involved), with
      extensive excision of the infected tissues, closure of the perforation,
      reconstruction of the aortic ring and implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis.
      The extent of the anatomical lesions affects the choice of the mode of
      reparation. There was no operative mortality in our series but two patients have
      persistent diastolic murmurs due to perivalvular leaks. In one case, recurrent
      infection led to the implantation of an apico-aortic tube with a fatal outcome.

PMID- 6816166
TI  - [Surgery of left ventricular aneurysm. Apropos of 43 cases].

PMID- 6816165
TI  - [Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy in the treatment of recurrent ventricular
      tachycardia after myocardial infarction].
AB  - Thirty nine men and two women aged 26 to 76 years old (average 55 years) with
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) complicating chronic myocardial infarction were
      operated on between December 1971 and September 1980. Epicardial mapping was
      performed in sinus rhythm in 25 cases and in VT in 12 cases. The series was
      divided into two consecutive groups: --The first group comprised 14 patients
      operated on between December 1971 and November 1975 in which the operative
      mortality at the 30th day was 36%. There was one death due to recurrent VT in the
      early post-operative period; two deaths due to arrhythmia were observed between
      the 11th and 26th postoperative months. VT was successfully prevented in 6 cases
      with over 2 years' follow-up. --The second group comprised 27 patients operated
      after November 1975, in which encircling endocardial ventriculotomy (EEV) was the
      procedure used. The operative mortality fell to 18% with no relation to the
      arrhythmia. In the first 10 cases of this group, VT recurred in 2 patients in the
      early postoperative period. These two cases were controlled with antiarrhythmic
      therapy at doses that had been ineffective preoperatively. Four other recurrences
      of VT were observed at the 3rd, 34th, 45th, and 56th postoperative months. They
      were controlled by anti arrhythmic agents in 3 cases. The other patient died. VT
      was prevented for over 2 years in 7 patients and for over I year in 16 patients.
      These results suggest that EEV is more effective than the techniques used
      previously in resistant VT. Its side effects on myocardial contractility are
      discussed.

PMID- 6816167
TI  - [Update on the study of true and false left ventricular aneurysms by 2
      dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - 2D echocardiography is a great advance in the study of left ventricular
      aneurysms. The wide field of visualisation and the numerous planes of examination
      obtained from different transducer positions allow precise spatial orientation
      and reliable analysis of regional wall movement. An aneurysm appears as a clear
      and constant bulge of a segment of left ventricular wall in both diastole and
      systole. Antero apical aneurysms are the commonest variety. The sensitivity and
      specificity of 2D echo in the detection of ventricular aneurysms are high.
      Thrombosis within the aneurysmal bulge may also be detected (33-38%). Pseudo-left
      ventricular aneurysms are easily identified as a chamber communicating with the
      ventricle by means of a narrow neck; the width of this neck is the main
      echocardiographic feature differentiating pseudo and true ventricular aneurysms.
      2D echocardiography gives valuable information on the state of the remaining
      contractile area, an important prognostic factor when surgical resection of the
      aneurysm is being considered.

PMID- 6816168
TI  - [Danger of sinoatrial block and the use of antiarrhythmic agents in myocardial
      infarcts].
AB  - Nine cases of major ventricular arrhythmia (tachycardia (VT), fibrillation (VF),
      torsades de pointe) are reported in patients with sequellae of myocardial
      infarction but without residual angina or cardiac failure. --Six of these
      disturbances of excitability occurred after a bradycardia due to sino atrial
      block (SAB) which favoured the breakthrough of abnormal automatic foci. This form
      of the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome was demonstrated by endocavitary
      electrophysiological exploration.. These were the only cases of major ventricular
      arrhythmia observed in a series of 88 SABs. Reputedly benign, they illustrate the
      potential gravity of a conduction defect in patients with sequellae of myocardial
      infarction. --Three other cases of abnormal ventricular excitability complicating
      the administration of 1 mg/kg of Ajmaline to test for paroxysmal block after
      myocardial infarction. These were the only cases of VT observed in a series of
      800 Ajmaline tests. The three patients have had no further episodes of VT after 1
      year's follow-up. On the other hand, in 43 Ajmaline tests without VT in patients
      with myocardial infarction, 6 cases of VT and 1 lethal VF were later observed.
      This demonstrates the lack of significance of episodes of VT during Ajmaline
      tests, the depressant action of the drug on intracardiac conduction favouring the
      initiation of reentry. In conclusion, a history of myocardial infarction exposes
      the patient to the risk of major ventricular arrhythmias in SAB, the detection of
      which should indicate pacemaker therapy from the first symptoms. The use of an
      intravenous antiarrhythmic agent should be avoided as it may aggravate
      arrhythmias. However, the arrhythmia is of no prognostic significance.

PMID- 6816170
TI  - [False aneurysms extending from true aneurysms of the left ventricle].
AB  - Over a 10 year period, four cases of post myocardial infarction pseudo-left
      ventricular aneurysm were observed, two directly arising from the infarct
      (postero diaphragmatic patients had pseudo-aneurysms which arose inferiorly from
      true anteroapical aneurysms and underwent surgical resection. Apart from the
      histological features, a certain number of diagnostic signs merit review: --A
      clinical course marked by a number of phases (myocardial infarction--pericardial
      syndrome--true aneurysm complicated or not by arrhythmias--period of
      stabilisation followed by deterioration due to rapid progression of cardiac
      failure). -- "Angiographic-like" ultrasonic and isotopic methods complement left
      ventriculography which confirms the parietal aneurysm and may show three very
      suggestive signs of pseudo-aneurysm: a narrow communication with the true
      aneurysm; delayed and prolonged filling of the bulge; inferior extension with
      localization by pericardial adhesions. Surgery is imperative, the main problem
      being the extent of resection of the true aneurysm. This is related to the rigid
      or calcific character of the neck of the pseudo-aneurysm.

PMID- 6816169
TI  - [Bacterial endocarditis in congenital heart diseases].
AB  - The following observations were made on a series of 15 cases of bacterial
      endocarditis on congenital cardiac lesions admitted between 1971 and 1980, in 13
      patients aged 6 to 48 years old (average 21 yrs old): --The low but constant
      incidence of endocarditis--The majority of causal lesions were ventricular septal
      defects of Fallot's tetralogy--The portal of entry diagnosed in 2/3 of cases was
      usually dental--The causal organism was a streptococcus in 80% of cases--The long
      period of pyrexia before, the diagnosis of endocarditis was made--M mode, and
      above all, 2D echo detected vegetations in half the cases where it was performed-
      The gravity of the immediate prognosis due to a 25% mortality and a high
      incidence of complications--Early complications present in 2/3 of cases were
      dominated by true "oslerian" lesions, cardiac failure, cerebral complications,
      pulmonary embolism and early relapse. --The relatively good secondary prognosis.

PMID- 6816171
TI  - [Outcome of echocardiographic vegetations in bacterial endocarditis during and
      after anti-infective therapy].
AB  - Echocardiography is a practical and reliable method of detecting endocardial
      vegetations. The aim of this study was to assess the course of echocardiographic
      vegetations in bacterial endocarditis under anti infectious therapy and to assess
      the prognostic significance of the vegetations. Twenty four patients with
      echocardiographic signs of vegetations were included in a standardised protocol:
      M mode and 2D examination at the beginning and at the end of medical treatment
      and when possible after bacteriological cure (average period of follow-up 16 +/-
      6 weeks). Special attention was paid to the volume (assessed I to III) and
      acoustic density of the vegetations. Fifteen patients underwent surgery (62.5%).
      The size of the vegetations did not differ significantly from that observed in
      the other patients. The size of the vegetations remained constant during medical
      therapy and after bacteriological cure in 2/3 of cases. The vegetations grew
      during medical therapy (even when the patients were apyrexic) in 29% of cases,
      and even after a 40 day course of anti infectious therapy in 2 cases. The size of
      the vegetations decreases in 3 cases during treatment (2 cases of embolisation)
      and in 2 cases after bacteriological cure (without embolisation). No correlations
      could be drawn between the acoustic density of the vegetations and the outcome.
      In conclusion, the presence of a large vegetation in bacterial endocarditis does
      not in itself mean a poor prognosis. However, these large vegetations are often
      associated with severe mutilating lesions (62.5% in our series). The size of the
      vegetations remained unchanged during and after medical treatment in two thirds
      of cases.

PMID- 6816172
TI  - [Aortic insufficiency associated with ventricular septal defect and a coronary
      right ventricle fistula after bacterial endocarditis: surgical correction of 3
      lesions].
AB  - The authors report a case of Staph-aureus endocarditis on preexisting aortic
      incompetence. Two complications were observed during the course of the infection:
      ventricular septal defect, rare but classical, and coronary-right ventricular
      fistula, a complication not previously described to the best of the author's
      knowledge. Before the onset of endocarditis a continuous murmur had not been
      detected clinically or by phonocardiography. This sign appeared while the patient
      was receiving effective antibiotic therapy. The diagnosis, suggested by the
      clinical signs in a patient in cardiac failure, was confirmed by catheterisation.
      This type of complication, already described in peripheral vessels, may be
      understood when the extent of the lesions at the right coronary cusp, near the
      septum and right coronary ostium, are appreciated. A good surgical result was
      obtained due to early operation of the three lesions.

PMID- 6816173
TI  - [Intracranial aneurysms of bacterial endocarditis. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 6816174
TI  - [Predictive value of the exercise test for multivessel disease after initial
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - The extent of coronary artery disease after primary myocardial infarction is an
      important prognostic factor. The predictive value of exercise electrocardiography
      for multivessel disease was assessed by comparison with coronary angiography in a
      series of 100 patients. In the group of patients with primary anterior infarction
      (n = 48), 37.5% had positive exercise ECGs. Coronary angiography showed 62.5%
      single vessel disease. In multivessel disease, the sensitivity of exercise ECG
      was 78% and specificity 86%. The predictive value of a positive test was 78% and,
      for a negative test, 86%. In primary inferior infarction (n = 52), positive
      exercise ECGs were recorded in 48% of cases. Coronary angiography showed 48%
      multivessel disease. In multivessel disease, sensitivity of exercise ECG was 92%
      ans specificity 93%. The predictive value of a positive test was 92% and of a
      negative test, 93%. Therefore, exercise ECG gives a more precise prediction of
      the extent of coronary artery disease after primary inferior infarction than
      after primary anterior infarction. However, it is not an ideal guide for the
      choice of patient for coronary angiography because of its poor predictive value
      in cases of anterior infarction, and because of the high incidence of multivessel
      disease in patients with primary inferior infarcts. Nevertheless, it is of great
      prognostic value with regards to the eventual course of the coronary disease.

PMID- 6816175
TI  - [Can exercise hemodynamics at the 15th day of primary inferior infarction detect
      multivessel coronary disease? A preliminary study apropos of 20 cases].

PMID- 6816176
TI  - [Left ventricular aneurysms. Prognostic study. Operative results].
AB  - Eighty three patients with symptomatic post-myocardial infarction left
      ventricular aneurysms (cardiac failure: 62 cases; angina; 41 cases; ventricular
      arrhythmias: 37 cases; systemic embolism: 8 cases) underwent surgery between 1975
      and March 1981. Preoperative investigations comprised clinical examination, left
      heart catheterisation and ventriculography. End systolic and end diastolic
      volumes, ejection fraction velocity of circumferential fibre shortening, and the
      akinetic surface area were calculated firstly for the whole of the left ventricle
      and then for the contractile zones after hypothetical resection of the aneurysm.
      Selective coronary angiography was carried out in 75 patients. The results were
      as follows: 16 perioperative fatalities (19.2 p. 100): Group IA; 14 late deaths
      or not improvement after surgery (17 p. 100): Group IB; 53 patients had little or
      no symptoms after surgery (63 p. 100), Group II. The 5 year survival rats is 69.7
      p. 100. Severe cardiac failure (Stages III or IV of the NYHA Classification) is
      associated with a poor prognosis (33 p. 100 mortality). The hemodynamic
      parameters of the whole ventricle (end diastolic volume, global ejection
      fraction) had little or no correlation with the outcome. The ejection fraction of
      the contractile zones was significantly lower in Groups IA and IB (0.39 +/- 0.08,
      and 0.41 +/- 0.05) than in Group II (0.51 +/- 0.05), p less than 0.001). When the
      ejection fraction of the contractile zone exceeded 0.45, good results were
      obtained in 90 p. 100 of cases. The velocity of circumferential fibre shortening
      was also a good prognostic index (0.63 +/- 0.18 in Group IA compared to 1.10 +/-
      0.09 in Group II, p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the diastolic volume of
      the contractile zone was very variable in all three groups. Extensive coronary
      artery disease not treated surgically worsened the prognosis (50 p. 100 mortality
      in triple vessel disease.) Seven of the 8 patients operated during the acute
      phase of myocardial infarction (less than I month) died, but they all had very
      poor hemodynamic parameters.

PMID- 6816177
TI  - [Rupture of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm. Apropos of 2 cases treated
      surgically successfully].
AB  - Two cases of post-infarction anterior left ventricular aneurysm complicated by
      localised rupture into the pericardium are reported. The clinical features of
      these cases were severe cardiac failure, 10 days or more after initial necrosis
      posing the problem of myocardial failure due to extension of the infarct. The
      surgical indications were brought by left ventricular angiography performed under
      intra-aortic balloon pumping: in the first case the diagnosis had already been
      suggested by the detection of a hemopericardium on echocardiography. In both
      cases, the surgical procedure comprised aneurysmectomy with reinforcement of the
      ventricular wall with bands of Teflon. The postoperative period was complicated
      due to the very precarious hemodynamics at the time of surgery. The functional
      status of both patients is now very satisfactory.

PMID- 6816178
TI  - [Post-infarction anterior left ventricular aneurysms. Echocardiographic and
      hemodynamic study of the nonaneurysmal contractile zone].

PMID- 6816179
TI  - [Hemodynamic and biological effects of bromocriptine in essential hypertension].
AB  - Central dopaminergic dysfunction has been suggested as the cause of essential
      hypertension. Agonist dopaminergic substances (AD) possess documented anti
      hypertensive properties. We studied the cardiovascular effects of a single oral
      dose of 10 mg of Bromocriptine (Br) in untreated subjects with essential
      hypertension. A number of hemodynamic and biological parameters (direct blood
      pressure, pulmonary arterial and capillary pressures, cardiac index, heart rate,
      right ventricular and left ventricular work indices, systemic arterial and
      pulmonary vascular resistance, plasma renin activity, prolactin, and circulating
      Br levels) were measured before and after ingestion of the drug (at I, 1,5, 2, 3,
      4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours). Despite great individual variability, under the
      experimental conditions, Br displayed a strong anti-hypertensive action. The fall
      in blood pressure was early (Ist our) progressive, stabilising between the 3rd
      and 6th hour and prolonged (12 hour). This response was independent of the basal
      blood pressure with basal plasma renin activity (R = 0.64; p less than 0.05) but
      not with the prolactin level. The left ventricular work index underwent a similar
      change. Systemic arterial resistance fell, but this occurred after the fall in
      blood pressure. There was an independent and significant fall in pulmonary
      arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The prolactin level fell
      very quickly and remained low throughout the 12 hours. There was an excellent
      correlation between the direct blood pressure and prolactin level (r = 0.97; p
      less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity rose after the third hour to reach a
      maximum at the 8th hour. There was a weak correlation between the blood pressure
      and plasma renin activity (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05). The serum Br level varied
      from patient to patient but reached a maximum at 1 hour, remaining stable until
      the 6th hour before decreasing. There was a correlation between the plasma renin
      activity and prolactin levels at each dosage (r = 0.66; p less than 0.005). The
      hemodynamic effects of Br are similar to those of central anti-hypertensive
      agents. The changes in plasma renin activity are comparable to those observed in
      central dopaminergic dysfunction. The excellent chronological correlation between
      the change in blood pressure and prolactin level is compatible with the
      hypothesis of this type of dysfunction in essential hypertension, if the
      inhibition of prolactin is accepted as a central dopaminergic effect of
      bromocriptine.

PMID- 6816180
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis in patients with heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 6816181
TI  - [Complications of myocardial infarction between the 2d and 4th week].
AB  - The complications of myocardial infarction after transfer from the Coronary Care
      Unit on the 6th day were analysed bu a retrospective study of 3,460 computerised
      case reports (1973-1980). The mortality rate was 6% (1/3 of hospital deaths) in
      the period from the 7th day to discharge from hospital (14th to 30th day).
      Cardiac arrest as not uncommon (20% of all cardiac arrests) but the prognosis was
      better thn during the initial phase (p less than 0.05) as the mechanism was more
      commonly ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (p less than 0.05). This series
      was compared with a similar population from 1970-1973; an improvement was
      observed in global hospital mortality (27% previously compared to 17%, in the
      study series, p less than 0.001). As the population were comparable, this
      phenomenon seems to be related to better treatment of shock and cardiac failure
      and the advances in cardiac surgery during the initial phase of infarction. Thd
      commonest mechanical complication was ventricular aneurysm; its occurrence does
      not influence the vital prognosis during this period. The incidence of cardiac
      arrest and death due to cardiac failure is not negligible after the first week of
      myocardial infarction. Therefore, we do not believe that the hospital period
      should be reduced after myocardial infarction. Special training of the nursing
      staff is essential for the successful treatment of these complications. The
      global prognosis could be improved by the rehabilitation of digitalis therapy and
      the introduction of new sympathomimetic amines in the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6816182
TI  - [Gram negative infective endocarditis. Apropos of 27 cases].

PMID- 6816183
TI  - [Aorto-left ventricular discontinuity of infectious origin. Problems of surgical
      repair].
AB  - Aorto-left ventricular discontinuity may result from destruction of the aortic
      ring in aortic valve endocarditis, making solid implantation of a valvular
      prosthesis difficult. We believe the best technique to be the insertion of a
      valved Dacron tube from a noninfected area of the left ventricle to the ascending
      aorta distal to the coronary ostia, the coronary arteries being reimplanted in
      the tube. This technique implies a relatively dilated aortic ring and the
      integrity of the supra-annular aortic wall. When these conditions are not
      fulfilled, the problem has to be solved by supra coronary implantation of an
      aortic prosthesis with double aorto-coronary bypass grafts. Valved tubes from the
      left ventricular apex to the abdominal aorta is complex major surgery, the
      indications for which should be limited to the most mutilating forms of
      endocarditis causing such severe annular and periannular lesions that the two
      preceding techniques are impossible. Despite the advances in surgical technique,
      operative mortality remains high, a problem that could undoubtedly be reduced by
      early surgery before the association of hemodynamic and infectious complications
      lead to severe cardiac failure and widespread local lesions.

PMID- 6816184
TI  - [Mycobacterial resistance/found in the province of Matera (observations in the 4
      year period, 1977-1980)].

PMID- 6816185
TI  - [Percutaneous catheterization. Experience in a neonatal intensive care unit].
AB  - 157 percutaneous catheterizations were performed in 114 neonates. Besides the
      advantages of a central catheter, this easier technique allows to save the large
      vessels. However, the risks of severe complications (5 septicemias, 5
      intrathoracic effusions of which 5 deaths) lead to strictly restrict its
      indications. Complications should be avoided with a perfect technique: strict
      asepsis and positioning of the end of catheter.

PMID- 6816186
TI  - [Role of monoxygenases in the metabolism of drugs in the human fetus and newborn
      infant].
AB  - Drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were assayed in human fetuses and neonates
      and compared with activities in adults. Among these enzymes, only UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase exhibited a very low activity, whereas cytochromes P-450,
      epoxide hydrolase and glutathion S-transferase reached about 50% of adult values
      as soon as 15-20 weeks of gestational age. Multiple cytochromes P-450 were
      present in human adults: isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of exogenous
      substrates such as ethylmorphine, hexobarbital, aniline and diazepam, and
      endogenous substrates were present and active in the fetus, whereas isoenzyme(s)
      permitting the hydroxylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibited a very
      low activity. A low number of transplacental inductions have been enzymatically
      studied; only correlations between the pharmacokinetics of a drug in neonates
      (full-term or premature) and drug intake of the mother during gestation were
      observed and showed that a treatment with barbiturates significantly increased
      drug elimination in neonates. Thus, in human fetus and neonate, drug-metabolizing
      enzymes are present and active, except UDP-glucuronosyltransferase which develops
      only after birth.

PMID- 6816187
TI  - Comparative evaluation of various methods of detecting antibodies against soluble
      nuclear antigens.
AB  - Results of anti-ENA antibody employing double diffusion in agar gel,
      electroimmunoprecipitation (CIE) or passive hemagglutination were compared. The
      studies were performed on 164 patients including 79 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), 46 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 25 patients
      with systemic sclerosis (PSS), 13 patients with polymyositis (PM) 5 patients with
      MCTD and on 30 healthy individuals. The obtained data prompt us to recommend
      demonstration and identification of anti-ENA antibodies in a screening type CIE
      assay followed by determination of their titer by hemagglutination test.

PMID- 6816188
TI  - Mono--and polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines. Preparation, control and
      administration.

PMID- 6816189
TI  - Therapeutical pseudomonas aeruginosa antisera. Preparation, control and
      administration.

PMID- 6816190
TI  - [Absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing
      pigs. 2. 15N-labeled lysine].
AB  - Over a period of 4 days 15N-labelled lysine was infused into two growing female
      pigs (live weight approximately 50 kg) through a caecal cannula. The feeding was
      restrictive (1,400 g dry matter/day) and, with regard to lysine, it didn't meet
      the requirement. In a 7-day experiment the N- and 15N-content was measured
      periodically in the excretions (feces and urine), in various fractions of the
      blood and in selected slaughtering samples. From the infused 15N 3-5% are
      excreted as lysine in feces, another 5% are in other amino acids of the bacteria
      protein. The disappearance rate of 15N' from the large intestine makes greater
      than or equal to 90%. The biggest part of this 15N (78-88%) is excreted with the
      urine in form of 15N-urea. Obviously the infused amino acid is decomposed to NH3
      in the large intestine and then absorbed. The absorbed ammonia is changed into
      urea in the ornithine cycle and excreted in urine. The recovery rate of the 15N
      infused as 15N-lysine is 93 and 84% resp. Incorporation of 15N in to serum
      protein or other body protein could not be detected so that the remaining
      difference of 7-16% cannot necessarily be interpreted as incorporation rate of
      15N into the body protein. Under practical conditions the maximal utilisation of
      lysine from the feed in the large intestine is 1.6% and should thus be without
      importance.

PMID- 6816191
TI  - Metabolic fate of chlorinated paraffins: degree of chlorination of [1-14C]
      chlorododecanes in relation to degradation and excretion in mice.
AB  - The disposition of three [1-14C]-chlorododecanes (MCDD, PCDD I and PCDD II;
      17.4%, 55.9%, and 68.5% chlorination) was studied in C57Bl mice. [1-14C]-lauric
      acid (LA) was studied as reference compound. Fifty-two percent (MCDD), 32% (PCDD
      I), and 8% (PCDD II) of the radioactive doses were exhaled as 14CO2 during 12 h
      after i.v. injection. Similar results were obtained after p.o. administration. In
      addition to a marked labelling of the liver and fat, the distribution patterns
      observed at 24 h after administration revealed an uptake of radioactivity in
      tissues with high cell turnover/high metabolic activity, e.g., intestinal mucosa,
      bone marrow, salivary glands and thymus. The concentration of radioactivity in
      these sites and the exhalation of 14CO2, which were inverse to the degree of
      chlorination, indicate that the chloroalkanes are degraded to metabolites which
      can be utilized in the intermediary metabolism. A similar, although more
      pronounced, distribution pattern and 14CO-2-exhalation (70% of i.v. dose) was
      observed after LA administration. The long time retention of heptane-soluble
      radioactivity in liver and fat (indicating unmetabolized substance) increased
      with degree of chlorination. On the contrary, the administration of LA and the
      chlorododecanes MCDD and PCDD I, but not of PCDD II, resulted in a selective
      labelling of the central nervous system 30-60 days after injection.

PMID- 6816192
TI  - Factors affecting the frequency of infection by the sigma virus in experimental
      populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The experiments reported in this paper deal with the maintenance of the non
      contagious, hereditary virus sigma in populations of its host, Drosophila
      melanogaster. Evidence was previously provided of the existence of two viral
      Types I and II, depending on their sensitivity to the ref(2)Pp allele (the
      ref(2)P locus interferes with the multiplication of the virus in the fly). The
      viral Type I which is the most sensitive to the ref(2)Pp allele, is eliminated in
      the presence of this allele, even when most of the flies were originally infected
      in the population. On the contrary, the presence of the ref(2)Pp allele does not
      prevent a viral Type II, introduced in a population, from infecting most of the
      flies. The possibility that a change has occurred recently in French natural
      populations of Drosophila melanogaster is discussed.

PMID- 6816195
TI  - [Glycogen metabolism in preimplantation-stage mammalian embryos].

PMID- 6816193
TI  - Disintegration of retroviruses by chelating agents.
AB  - Exposure in vitro of various mammalian retroviruses to the chelating agents EDTA
      or EGTA in millimolar concentrations resulted in partial disintegration of viral
      membranes as measured by accessibility or even release of reverse transcriptase,
      an internal viral protein, without any other treatment usually required. Among
      the viruses responding to chelators were mammalian type C viruses, primate type D
      viruses and bovine leukemia virus. The effect was dose-dependent. The avian type
      C virus AMV, however, was found to be not susceptible to the agents. Rauscher
      mouse leukemia virus treated in vitro with EDTA or EGTA showed reduced
      infectivity in mice. The results are considered as evidence for some association
      of divalent cations with membranes of mammalian retroviruses. The disintegrating
      activity of EGTA suggests that Ca2+ is an integral constituent of viruses but
      Mg2+ may  also be involved. These cations seem to be responsible for maintaining
      integrity of retroviral membranes which, after chelation of ions, are either
      disrupted or become permeable for the exogenous template of reverse
      transcriptase. In addition, the disintegrating activity of trifluoperazine may
      indicate that a calmodulin-like protein occurs in retroviral membranes.

PMID- 6816194
TI  - Some newly recognized aspects of resistance against and recovery from influenza.

PMID- 6816196
TI  - [Vascular neurofibromatosis. Report of a case].

PMID- 6816197
TI  - Ovoid bodies in choroidal neurofibromatosis.
AB  - We studied the ultrastructure of the ovoid bodies in choroidal neurofibromatosis.
      Ovoid bodies consisted of groups of the same kind of elongated cells arranged in
      lamellar patterns. The elongated cell was characterized by a fragmented
      circumferential basal lamina, groups of pinocytotic vesicles, a desmosomelike
      intercellular contact, and intimate contact with axons. These findings suggest
      that elongated cells are proliferated Schwann's cells and ovoid bodies do not
      correspond with real sensory nerve end organs; rather, they are enlarged
      peripheral nerves due to neoplastic hyperplasia of Schwann's cells around axons.

PMID- 6816199
TI  - Efficacy of a screening radioallergosorbent test.
AB  - Controversy over the routine use of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for
      initial inhalant allergy diagnosis largely concerns expense to the patient.
      Presented is a method for utilizing the RAST, with all its inherent advantages,
      at a competitive cost to both negatively and positively responding patients. The
      initial use of a "screening" RAST that utilizes approximately one third the
      number of tests in the usual full RAST battery is recommended. When all responses
      on the screening RAST battery are negative, further RAST testing proves generally
      unnecessary. For positive responders, the screening RAST often eliminates the
      need of additional pollen and/or mold allergen testing, a further cost
      containment feature. The presented study illustrates the efficacy of this
      technique. A background section is provided to familiarize the reader with the
      common modalities available for testing and treating IgE-mediated inhalant
      allergies.

PMID- 6816198
TI  - Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the mouse cornea. Epithelial v stromal
      adherence.
AB  - Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the cornea is the first step in the
      pathogenesis of Pseudomonas corneal ulceration. To determine the roles of
      epithelial and stromal adherence, a quantitative in vivo model of adherence was
      developed in the mouse. More than twice as many organisms were recovered from
      mouse corneas in which two linear abrasions were created compared with corneas
      totally denuded of epithelium. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated poor
      adherence of Pseudomonas to bare stroma, but large numbers of organisms were seen
      adhering to the injured edge of epithelium. This study supports the concept that
      corneal trauma predisposes to Pseudomonas corneal ulceration by creating an
      injured epithelial edge as a site for adherence of the organisms, rather than by
      exposing areas of bare stroma susceptible to penetration by the organisms.

PMID- 6816200
TI  - In vivo and in vitro bioassays for porcine ovarian inhibin and its partial
      purification.

PMID- 6816201
TI  - The isolation and transplantation of foetal mouse proislets.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation of "proislets' from mouse foetal
      pancreas. Histologically, isolated proislets are composed of undifferentiated
      tissue which does not stain with aldehyde fuchsin. Following isotransplantation,
      proislets develop into well differentiated islets with beta cell granulation. In
      addition, isografts consisting of proislets harvested from 8 foetal mouse
      pancreases have the functional capacity to reverse Streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes. Proislets appear to represent foetal precursor islet tissue.

PMID- 6816202
TI  - Immunogenicity of isolated foetal mouse proislets.

PMID- 6816203
TI  - Detrimental effect of high medium glucose concentration on subsequent endocrine
      function of transplanted organ-cultured foetal mouse pancreas.
AB  - Single 17-day foetal mouse pancreases, cultured for 15 days in RPMI 1640 or DME
      containing either 1 or 4 g/l glucose, were grafted under the kidney capsule of
      syngeneic mice made diabetic with Streptozotocin. Islets cultured in media
      containing 1 g/l glucose secreted less insulin in vitro than those grown in media
      containing 4 g/l glucose. After transplantation, the blood glucose levels of
      diabetic mice grafted with islets grown in media containing 1 g/l glucose
      decreased to normal limits, whereas mice grafted with islets grown in media with
      4 g/l glucose never became normoglycaemic. Histologically, grafts of tissue from
      high glucose cultures were smaller and had less well organized islet tissue than
      grafts from tissue maintained in physiological glucose concentrations. Islets
      cultured in DME secreted more insulin in vitro than those cultured in RPMI 1640,
      but the type of culture medium had no significant effect on subsequent graft
      function. These data support the concept that chronic exposure of foetal islets
      to high glucose concentration may be deleterious to their subsequent function as
      grafts despite the fact that they secrete more insulin in vitro.

PMID- 6816204
TI  - Long term nutritional effects of extensive resection of the small intestine.
AB  - A nutritional study was carried out on 36 patients several years after major
      resection of the small intestine (100 to 330 cm). Thirty one of these resections
      had been performed for Crohn's disease and only patients who had been clinically
      free of disease for more than one year were studied. The group of patients were
      15% below their ideal weight. Total body fat was 24% below the predicted normal
      value and total body protein was 10% below. Although deficiencies of iron,
      vitamin B12 and folic acid were frequently found, only six patients were anaemic.
      Other vitamin and mineral deficiencies were common. Despite these abnormalities,
      two thirds of the patients were engaged in their normal occupation full time and
      were subjectively well. The others who did not regain their normal capacity for
      work, had a greater nutritional deficit and a shorter length of remaining small
      intestine. It is concluded that nutritional deficiencies are common following
      extensive small bowel resection and all patients need regular follow up and
      appropriate vitamin and mineral supplementation. However, major disturbances of
      body composition and severe protein energy malnutrition with a reduced capacity
      for work are restricted to a small number of patients with very short lengths of
      remaining small intestine.

PMID- 6816206
TI  - Poisoning of livestock by Swainsona spp.: current status.

PMID- 6816205
TI  - An immunodiffusion method for the identification of the species of origin of meat
      samples.

PMID- 6816207
TI  - Caulfield Hospital: a dog in residence.

PMID- 6816208
TI  - Haemolytic disease of the newborn associated with anti Cw.

PMID- 6816209
TI  - Occurrence of bone in serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 6816210
TI  - Attenuation of CO2-induced retrograde amnesia by enkephalins in 20- and 34-day
      old-rats.

PMID- 6816211
TI  - Mechanisms of dietary modification of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis.
AB  - Trout were fed a range of dietary components which altered their carcinogenic
      response to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Dietary protein at levels substantially
      exceeding nutritional requirements were synergistic with AFB1. Cyclopropene fatty
      acids (CPFA) were carcinogenic when fed alone at 20 or 55 ppm, and synergistic
      when fed with AFB1. In contrast, several flavonoid and indole compounds,
      especially beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and indole-3-carbinol, inhibited the
      carcinogenic response when fed prior to and along with AFB1. The mechanisms by
      which some of these dietary factors modulate AFB1 carcinogenesis were
      investigated. Dietary beta-naphthoflavone was shown to substantially induce the
      levels of mixed function oxidase (MFO) activities assayed in vitro. These changes
      were accompanied by alterations in AFB1 metabolism and binding in freshly
      isolated hepatocytes. AFB1 incubated in hepatocytes freshly isolated from fish
      fed beta-NF diet was metabolized more rapidly, showed enhanced rates of
      detoxication reactions, and decreased accumulation of AFB1-DNA adducts compared
      to control hepatocytes. These results suggest that beta-NF inhibits AFB1
      carcinogenesis at least in part by altering MFO activities such that detoxication
      is enhanced and initial DNA damage by AFB1 is reduced. In contrast, high dietary
      protein is a synergist for AFB1 carcinogenesis, and this appears to occur
      primarily by enhancing the transformation probability for AFB1-initiated genome
      damage. Fish treated with AFB1 as embryos and then reared on high protein diets
      had substantially higher incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (86%) than
      similarly treated fish fed normal protein diet (44%) or high protein controls
      without AFB1 exposure (0-2%). The synergistic behavior of dietary CPFAs also
      appears to partially involve enhanced transformation following DNA damage by
      AFB1. Fish exposed as embryos to AFB1 and then fed CPFA-containing diets are
      known to show promotion effects similar to the high protein results (Hendricks,
      J.D., Proc. 11th Int. Symp. of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, in
      press.) However, factors other than promotion are involved in the synergism
      between CPFA and AFB1. Preliminary studies indicate that dietary CPFAs repress
      MFO activities and depress DNA damage by AFB1 in vitro. If this occurs in vivo,
      then the net synergistic effect of dietary CPFAs would involve depression of
      initial AFB1-induced DNA damage, but highly efficient promotion of transformation
      from the remaining lesions.

PMID- 6816212
TI  - [Structure and function of immunoglobulins].

PMID- 6816213
TI  - [Protective action of various antibody preparations in experimental bacterial
      sepsis].

PMID- 6816214
TI  - [Pseudoepiphyses].

PMID- 6816215
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of serodiagnosis in sarcosporidia infections].

PMID- 6816216
TI  - Change in subunit composition of the iron protein of nitrogenase from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum during activation and inactivation of iron protein.
AB  - The subunit composition of the Fe protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum
      rubrum during activation and inactivation was investigated. It was found that the
      upper subunit (on gel electrophoresis) of the two-subunit Fe protein was
      converted into the lower subunit during activation in vitro. When the Fe protein
      was inactivated in vivo by the addition of NH4Cl and alpha-oxoglutarate to the
      cells, a phosphate-labelled upper band appeared. During activation in vitro by
      the activating enzyme, some of the phosphate of the upper band remained with the
      protein and appeared in the lower band. Activations in vitro were performed on
      inactive Fe protein obtained from cells grown with glutamate as the nitrogen
      source. Both native and oxygen-denatured Fe protein exhibited the loss of upper
      band during treatment with activating enzyme.

PMID- 6816217
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase C in white-skeletal-muscle tissue.
AB  - We investigated the activity of carbonic anhydrase in blood-free perfused white
      skeletal muscles of the rabbit. Carbonic anhydrase activities were measured in
      supernatants and in Triton extracts of the particulate fractions of white
      skeletal-muscle homogenate by using a rapid-reaction stopped-flow apparatus
      equipped with a pH electrode. An average carbonic anhydrase concentration of
      about 0.5 microM was determined for white skeletal muscle. This concentration is
      about 1% of that inside the erythrocyte. Some 85% of the muscle enzyme was found
      in the homogenate supernatant, and only 15% appeared to be associated with
      membranes and organelles. White-skeletal-muscle carbonic anhydrase was
      characterized in terms of its Michaelis constant and catalytic-centre activity
      (turnover number) for CO2 and its inhibition constant towards ethoxzolamide.
      These properties were identical with those of the rabbit erythrocyte carbonic
      anhydrase C, suggesting that a type-C enzyme is present in white skeletal muscle.
      Affinity chromatography of muscle supernatant and of lysed erythrocytes showed
      that, whereas rabbit erythrocytes contain about equal amounts of carbonic
      anhydrase isoenzymes B and C, the B isoenzyme is practically absent from white
      skeletal muscle. Similarly, ethoxzolamide-inhibition curves suggested that white
      skeletal muscle contains no carbonic anhydrase A. It is concluded that white
      skeletal muscle contains essentially one carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme, the C
      form, most of which is probably of cytosolic origin.

PMID- 6816218
TI  - The preparation and partial characterization of N-terminal and C-terminal iron
      binding fragments from rabbit serum transferrin.
AB  - Two iron-binding fragments of Mr 36 000 and 33 000 corresponding to the N
      terminal domain of rabbit serum transferrin were prepared. One iron-binding
      fragment of Mr 39 000 corresponding to the C-terminal domain was prepared. The N
      terminal amino acid sequence of rabbit serum transferrin is: Val-Thr-Glu-Lys-Thr
      Val-Asn-Trp-?-Ala-Val-Ser. One glycan unit is presented in rabbit serum
      transferrin and it is located in the C-terminal domain.

PMID- 6816219
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a lectin from a false brome grass
      (Brachypodium sylvaticum).
AB  - A lectin has been isolated from embryos of a false brome grass species
      (Brachypodium sylvaticum) by affinity chromatography on immobilized N
      acetylglucosamine. It is a dimeric protein of two identical subunits of mol.wt.
      18 000. Although it resembles cereal lectins with respect to its biochemical and
      physicochemical properties, it differs structurally in several aspects from wheat
      germ-agglutinin-like lectins.

PMID- 6816220
TI  - Measurement of the number of ornithine decarboxylase molecules in rat and mouse
      tissues under various physiological conditions by binding of radiolabelled alpha
      difluoromethylornithine.
AB  - The binding of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor, to
      ornithine decarboxylase was used to investigate the amount of enzyme present in
      rat liver under various conditions and in mouse kidney after treatment with
      androgens. Maximal binding of the drug occurred on incubation of the tissue
      extract for 60min with 3mum-difluoromethyl[5-(14)C]ornithine in the presence of
      pyridoxal phosphate. Under these conditions, only one protein became labelled,
      and this corresponded to ornithine decarboxylase, having M(r) about 100000 and
      subunit M(r) about 55000. Treatment of rats with thioacetamide or carbon
      tetrachloride or by partial hepatectomy produced substantial increases in
      ornithine decarboxylase activity and parallel increases in the amount of enzyme
      protein as determined by the extent of binding of difluoromethyl[5
      (14)C]ornithine. Similarly, treatment with cycloheximide or 1,3-diaminopropane
      greatly decreased both the enzyme activity and the amount of difluoromethyl-[5
      (14)C]ornithine bound to protein. In all cases, the ratio of drug bound to
      activity was 26fmol/unit, where 1 unit corresponds to 1nmol of substrate
      decarboxylated in 30min. These results indicate that even after maximal induction
      of the enzyme in rat liver there is only about 1ng of enzyme present per mg of
      protein. When mice were treated with androgens there was a substantial increase
      in renal ornithine decarboxylase activity, the magnitude of which depended on the
      strain. There was an excellent correspondence between the amount of activity
      present and the capacity to bind labelled alpha-difluoromethylornithine in the
      mouse kidney extracts, but in this case the ratio of drug bound to activity was
      14fmol/unit, suggesting that the mouse enzyme has a higher catalytic-centre
      activity. After androgen induction, the mouse kidney extracts contain about 170ng
      of enzyme/mg of protein. These results indicate that titration with alpha
      difluoromethylornithine provides a valuable method by which to quantify the
      amount of active ornithine decarboxylase present in mammalian tissues, and that
      the androgen-treated mouse kidney is a much better source for purification of the
      enzyme than is rat liver.

PMID- 6816222
TI  - Cytochrome a620 in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Reactions with carbon monoxide and
      oxygen at subzero temperatures and photochemical action spectra.
AB  - 1. Mitochondria-enriched fractions of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena
      pyriformis ST contained CO-reacting cytochromes b560 and a620. 2. A non
      photodissociable oxygen-containing compound of cytochrome a620 was formed in
      whole cell suspensions at -114 degrees C after photolysis of CO in the presence
      of 200 microM-O2. 3. Electron transport, indicated by the oxidation of cytochrome
      a620 and cytochrome c, occurred at temperatures higher than -72 degrees C. 4.
      Photochemical action spectra for the relief of respiratory inhibition of whole
      cells by CO obtained by using a liquid dye laser indicate that the only CO
      reacting terminal oxidase detectable was cytochrome a620. 5. It is concluded that
      the alternative electron transport chains in this organism utilize non-cytochrome
      terminal oxidases.

PMID- 6816221
TI  - Biosynthesis of proteoglycan in vitro by cartilage from human osteochondrophytic
      spurs.
AB  - Proteoglycan biosynthesis by human osteochondrophytic spurs (osteophytes)
      obtained from osteoarthritic femoral heads at the time of surgical joint
      replacement was studied under defined culture conditions in vitro. Osteophytes
      were primarily present in two anatomic locations, marginal and epi-articular.
      Minced tissue slices were incubated in the presence of [(35)S]sulphate or
      [(14)C]glucosamine. Osteophytes incorporated both labelled precursors into
      proteoglycan, which was subsequently characterized by CsCl-isopycnic-density
      gradient ultracentrifugation and chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B. The material
      extracted with 0.5m-guanidinium chloride showed 78.1% of [(35)S]sulphate in the
      A1 fraction after centrifugation. Only 23.0% of the [(35)S]sulphate in this A1
      fraction was eluted in the void volume of Sepharose CL-2B under associative
      conditions. About 60-80% of the [(35)S]sulphate in the tissue 4m-guanidinium
      chloride extract was associated with monomeric proteoglycan (fraction D1). The
      average partition coefficient (K(av.)) of the proteoglycan monomer on Sepharose
      CL-2B was 0.28-0.33. Approx. 12.4% of this monomer formed stable aggregates with
      high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid in vitro. Sepharose CL-2B chromatography of
      fractions with lower buoyant densities (fractions D2-D4) demonstrated elution
      profiles on Sepharose CL-2B substantially different than that of fraction D1,
      indicative of the polydisperse nature of the newly synthesized proteoglycan.
      Analysis of the composition and chain size of the glycosaminoglycans showed the
      following: (1) preferential elution of both [(35)S]sulphate and
      [(14)C]glucosamine in the 0.5m-LiCl fraction on DEAE-cellulose; (2) the
      predominant sulphated glycosaminoglycan was chondroitin 6-sulphate (60-70%), with
      9-11% keratan sulphate in the monomer proteoglycan; (3) K(av.) values of 0.38 on
      Sephadex G-200 and 0.48 on Sepharose CL-6B were obtained with papain-digested and
      NaBH(4)-treated D1 monomer respectively. A comparison of the synthetic with
      endogenous glycosaminoglycans indicated similar types. These studies indicated
      that human osteophytes synthesized in vitro sulphated proteoglycans with some
      characteristics similar to those of mature human articular cartilage, notably in
      the size of their proteoglycan monomer and predominance of chondroitin 6
      sulphate. They differed from articular cartilage primarily in the lack of
      substantial quantities of keratan sulphate and aggregation properties associated
      with monomer interaction with hyaluronic acid.

PMID- 6816224
TI  - Degradation of branched-chain amino acids and their derived 2-oxo acids and fatty
      acids in human and rat heart and skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6816223
TI  - The effects in vitro of hypoglycaemia and recovery from anoxia on synaptosomal
      metabolism.
AB  - Synaptosomes from several regions of the rat brain were found to exhibit half
      maximal rates of 14CO2 output and [14C]acetylcholine synthesis from D-[U
      14C]glucose at glucose concentrations approx. 50-fold lower than those required
      by the brain in situ. However, synaptosomal acetylcholine synthesis was found not
      to be directly proportional to substrate oxidation as measured by 14CO2 output.
      When synaptosomes had been exposed to anoxia in vitro, their metabolic indices
      (14CO2 and [14C]acetylcholine synthesis, and adenine nucleotide levels) were
      found not to be significantly different from control aerobic values, unless they
      had been subjected to veratridine depolarization. This is in accord with previous
      findings that neither the absolute metabolic rates nor the vulnerability to
      hypoxic damage exhibited by brain in situ is reflected by brain slices in vitro,
      unless these are stimulated by depolarization. The use of synaptosomes as a model
      for synaptic damage in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 6816225
TI  - The evolution of peroxisomal and mitochondrial alanine: glyoxylate
      aminotransferase 1 in mammalian liver.

PMID- 6816226
TI  - Participation of cytochrome P-450 in nicotine oxidation.

PMID- 6816227
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase-mediated metabolism of carcinogenic
      aromatic amines and their binding to DNA and protein.

PMID- 6816228
TI  - Binding of protein kinase substrates by fluorescently labeled calmodulin.

PMID- 6816229
TI  - Pyridoxal phosphate is not the acid catalyst in the glycogen phosphorylase
      catalytic mechanism.

PMID- 6816230
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of 4.5S RNA (C8 or hY5) from HeLa cells.

PMID- 6816231
TI  - Role of cytochrome b5 in the cytochrome P-450-mediated C21-steroid 17,20-lyase
      reaction.

PMID- 6816232
TI  - Role of isosafrole as complexing agent and inducer of P-450LM4 in rabbit liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 6816233
TI  - Presence of coenzyme M derivatives in the prosthetic group (coenzyme MF430) of
      methylcoenzyme M reductase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.

PMID- 6816235
TI  - On the spin and valence state of iron in native soybean lipoxygenase-1.

PMID- 6816234
TI  - Purification of a terminal oxygenase in demethylation of C-30 of lanosterol.

PMID- 6816236
TI  - The effect of aphidicolin in DNA repair on resting and mitogen stimulated human
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 6816237
TI  - Purification of acid beta-galactosidase and acid neuraminidase from bovine
      testis: evidence for an enzyme complex.

PMID- 6816238
TI  - Involvement of tryptophan residues in colchicine binding and the assembly of
      tubulin.

PMID- 6816239
TI  - Differential toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in male and female rats: relationship with
      hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 6816240
TI  - A spin-label study of the correlation between stomatocyte formation and membrane
      fluidization of erythrocytes.
AB  - Change in the membrane fluidity of human erythrocytes on transformation to
      stomatocytes was observed by ESR spectroscopy using 12-doxyl stearic acid or its
      methyl ester as a probe. When the transformation to stomatocytes was induced by
      four qualitatively different methods, i.e. (a) addition of cationic amphiphilic
      agents such as chloropromazine, tetracaine, chloroquine or primaquine, (b)
      addition of Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent, (c) lowering the pH, and (d)
      depleting membrane cholesterol, membrane fluidization was always observed. This
      indicates the existence of a close correlation between stomatocyte formation and
      increase in the membrane fluidity. Furthermore, since the stomatocytes fixed by
      diamide treatment exhibited membrane fluidization only in the presence of the
      reagent, the enhanced membrane fluidity was a direct consequence of the reagent
      interacting with, and changing the state of, the lipid bilayer itself, and not
      through the influence of some structural alteration of spectrin. These results
      provide experimental support for the theoretical prediction made by Brailsford et
      al. [J. theoret. Biol. 86, 531 (1980)]. Plausible mechanisms for the discocyte
      stomatocyte transformation are discussed.

PMID- 6816241
TI  - Preferential accumulation of lithium in the dense bodies of human platelets.
AB  - From 50 to 73% of the lithium contained in platelets of patients receiving oral
      therapy with lithium carbonate was released by brief thrombin treatment.
      Similarly, about 50% of the lithium in platelets of normal volunteers incubated
      with lithium chloride was thrombin-releasable. The data indicate that an amount
      of lithium approximately equal to 10% of the calcium content was sequestered in
      the dense bodies (amine storage organelles) of human platelets. Electron
      microprobe analysis of dense bodies suggests that the addition of lithium did not
      change the phosphorus content but produced a loss of about 10% of the dense-body
      calcium. Nevertheless, synthetic solid analogues of the dense-body core incubated
      with lithium chloride did not sequester lithium preferentially over potassium and
      failed to exchange calcium for lithium. Thus, the mechanism responsible for the
      observed changes in platelet dense bodies may be related to selective membrane
      permeability properties rather than to binding of lithium to nucleotides or
      pyrophosphate in the dense-body core.

PMID- 6816242
TI  - Catecholamine metabolism in brain slices. Determination of relevant precursor
      pool and the effects of elevated K+.
AB  - Catecholamine synthesis from [3H]tyrosine was studied in slices of striatum,
      cerebellum and substantia nigra of mice. If low concentrations of tyrosine (less
      than 5.5 microM) were added to the incubation medium, the slices released
      significant amounts of tyrosine into the medium during the incubation. Kinetic
      analysis of the same experiments indicated that medium tyrosine and not tissue
      tyrosine was the appropriate precursor for both dopamine (DA) synthesis and
      protein synthesis in striatal slice. Concentrations of medium tyrosine of 8.25
      microM or greater were sufficient to prevent changes of medium tyrosine during
      incubation and thus maintained a constant specific activity of precursor.
      Increasing concentrations of medium K+ increased both the accumulation of [3H]DA
      and its release from striatal slices. However, accumulation was stimulated at a
      concentration of K+ (14 mM) that had no significant stimulatory effect on
      release, suggesting that the stimulatory effects of K+ on synthesis and release
      are mediated by separate processes. Release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]tyrosine closely
      paralleled the accumulation of [3H]DA from [3H]tyrosine. Release of preloaded
      [14C]DA closely paralleled that of [3H]DA synthesized from [3H]tyrosine,
      suggesting a common functional pool. The principal DA catabolite produced was
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). The appearance of labeled DOPAC in the media
      was greatly enhanced by K+ stimulation.

PMID- 6816243
TI  - Modification of anti-inflammatory drug effectiveness by ambient lipid peroxides.
AB  - When the steady-state concentrations of peroxide in prostaglandin H synthase
      assay systems was lowered by added glutathione peroxidase, several agents
      (meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, acetamidophenol and phenylbutazone) became
      more potent inhibitors of the prostaglandin-forming cyclooxygenase reaction.
      Paradoxically, these agents stimulated oxygen incorporation in the absence of
      added peroxidase. On the other hand, dithiothreitol, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and
      indomethacin all inhibited the reaction in a dose-dependent manner, and their
      inhibitory potencies were unaffected by the action of glutathione peroxidase.
      Aspirin, dl-gamma-tocopherol and salicylic acid were not inhibitory (without
      preincubation) under the assay conditions employed in this study. The findings
      demonstrate that the potencies of some anti-inflammatory agents may be diminished
      by high local peroxide concentrations.

PMID- 6816244
TI  - Studies of the mechanism of chloroquine binding to synthetic DOPA-melanin.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of drugs binding to melanin, effects of pH,
      ionic strength and organic solvent on the interaction of chloroquine with
      synthetic dopa-melanin were studied. The results indicate that electrostatic,
      hydrophobic and van der Waals' forces participate in the formation of the
      chloroquine-melanin complex. Binding analysis by the Scatchard method showed that
      two classes of binding sites take part in the complex formation: strong binding
      sites with the association constant k1 approximately to 10(5) and weak binding
      sites with K2 approximately 10(4). Experiments with chemically modified melanin
      yielded some information about binding sites of this biopolymer. The obtained
      results suggest that strong binding involves both hydrophobic interaction and
      electrostatic attraction between the protonated ring system of chloroquine and
      the ortho-semiquinone groups of melanin. However, the weakly reacting sites can
      be identified as ionic bonds between protonated aliphatic nitrogen of chloroquine
      molecule and carboxyl groups of melanin. Van der Waals' forces occurring at the
      conjunctions of the aromatic rings of the drug and the aromatic indole-nuclei of
      the melanin probably take part in the weak binding too.

PMID- 6816245
TI  - Decreased inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in isolated lungs from rats with alpha
      naphthyl thiourea-induced pulmonary oedema.
AB  - The effect of pulmonary oedema on the pharmacokinetic function of rat lungs was
      studied using prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as substrate; oedema was induced by alpha
      naphthyl thiourea (ANTU). Male rats were given a single i.p. injection of ANTU
      (10 mg/kg). Lung wet weight, dry:wet weight ratio and pleural transudate were
      measured at fixed times up to 50 hr after treatment. Wet weight was increased
      after 4 hr and remained higher than controls until 50 hr; dry:wet weight ratios
      were different only at 6 and 16 hr. Survival of PGE2 (measured by bioassay) was
      increased at 4 hr, reached a peak value of about six times the control survival
      at 6 hr and returned to normal by 50 hr. Using 14C-PGE2 as substrate, survival
      was maximal at 16 hr and back to normal by 50 hr. The efflux profiles of
      radioactivity showed an increase in T1/2 by 4 hr rising to a maximum at 28 hr and
      a normal value at 50 hr. Changes in PGE2 survival precede the period of oedema
      (assessed by dry:wet ratio) and could be used as an early warning of oedematous
      states. This altered pharmacokinetic function of lung could also have systemic
      effects.

PMID- 6816246
TI  - In vitro inhibitory action of cadmium on microsomal monooxygenases of rabbit
      lung.
AB  - In vitro addition of cadmium (Cd) salts to pulmonary microsomes isolated from
      male rabbits decreased the cytochrome P-450 levels and the activity of
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase but not that of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase. The Cd-induced reduction of pulmonary monooxygenase
      activity was enhanced when microsomes were preincubated in the presence of Cd and
      inhibition increased as the time of preincubation progressed, attaining its
      maximum rate at 20 min of preincubation. When hepatic microsomes were used, this
      delayed effect of Cd on monooxygenase was less apparent. The presence of NADH
      and/or NADPH in the preincubation did not markedly enhance the Cd-induced
      inhibition rate of monooxygenase activity. The addition of Cd-acetate to
      pulmonary microsomes produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the
      monooxygenase activity and the estimated IC50 values of Cd-acetate (i.e. the
      concentration required to inhibit control enzyme activity by 50%) were 3.8 x 10(
      5)M, 6.5 x 10(-6)M and 5.3 x 10(-5)M for cytochrome P-450, benzo[a]pyrene
      hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase, respectively. The inhibitory action of
      Cd-acetate on the monooxygenase activity was also observed with microsomes
      isolated from the lungs of male guinea-pigs and rats.

PMID- 6816247
TI  - Regulation of leukocyte and platelet lipoxygenases by hydroxyeicosanoids.
AB  - During allergic and inflammatory reactions, arachidonic acid is oxidized by
      lipoxygenases to a variety of biologically active products, including
      leukotrienes. The mechanisms for regulation of the different lipoxygenase
      activities are not well defined. We report here that [14C]arachidonic acid
      metabolism by the 5- and 15-lipoxygenase activities in rabbit leukocytes and the
      12-lipoxygenase in rabbit platelets is inhibited by various
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). 15-HETE was the most effective inhibitor
      of the 5- and 12-lipoxygenases, whereas similar inhibitory potencies were
      observed for 5-HETE and 12-HETE acting on the 15-lipoxygenase. These three enzyme
      pathways were all least sensitive to their own products HETEs. To determine which
      structural characteristics of 15-HETE are essential for inhibition of the 5
      lipoxygenase, various derivatives were prepared and purified by high pressure
      liquid chromatography, and their structures were confirmed by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. The inhibitory potencies of 15-HETE analogs with different
      degrees of unsaturation were in the order of three double bonds greater than 4
      greater than 2 greater than 0. 15-Hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15
      HPETE) was four times more potent than 15-HETE. The 15-acetoxy, 15-keto and
      methyl ester derivatives were of comparable activity to 15-HETE, and the 15
      acetoxy methyl ester derivative was less potent. Based upon the observed patterns
      of inhibition, we postulate that complex interregulatory relationships exist
      between the various lipoxygenases, and that cells containing these lipoxygenases
      may interact with each other via their lipoxygenase metabolites.

PMID- 6816249
TI  - Effect of metal chelators and antiinflammatory drugs on the degradation of
      hyaluronic acid.
AB  - Degradation of hyaluronic acid (measured viscometrically) by oxygen-derived free
      radicals (ODFR) generated 1) by autoxidation of ferrous EDTA chelates and 2)
      enzymatically by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine (XO/HX) was studied.
      Degradation of hyaluronic acid by XO/HX was strongly inhibited by superoxide
      dismutase and catalase, whereas degradation of hyaluronic acid by autoxidation of
      ferrous ions was weakly inhibited by catalase and unaffected by superoxide
      dismutase. Both ODFR-producing systems were inhibited by hydroxyl radical
      scavengers, suggesting that hydroxyl radical was the proximate damaging species
      in both systems. Penicillamine at concentrations of 1-5 mM stimulated hyaluronic
      acid degradation by ferrous EDTA chelates but inhibited degradation by the XO/HX
      system. Higher concentrations of penicillamine and all concentrations studied (1
      100 mM) of other antiinflammatory drugs (chloroquine, gold sodium thiomalate, and
      salicylate) inhibited hyaluronic acid degradation by both the autoxidation and
      enzymatic ODFR-producing systems, with inhibitory potency similar to that seen
      with known hydroxyl radical scavengers. Both systems serve as in vitro models of
      ODFR-mediated tissue damage which may occur in vivo at sites of inflammation.

PMID- 6816248
TI  - Evidence for Pseudomonas antigen in immune complexes in Pseudomonas
      osteomyelitis.
AB  - In infections associated with immune complex disease, microbial antigens have
      rarely been found in the complexes. Using an enzyme-linked immunoassay, we
      studied the immune complexes of a patient who had hematogenous Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa osteomyelitis associated with palpable purpura, arthritis, and
      microscopic hematuria. After separation of the complexes into high and low
      molecular weight fractions, a 6-fold selective concentration of P aeruginosa
      antibody was found in the low molecular weight fraction compared with the
      concentration of the serum. Following disruption of immunoglobulin, the high
      molecular weight fraction competed with solid-phase P aeruginosa antigen for P
      aeruginosa antibody from another source. After successful treatment of the
      infection, the patient's symptoms resolved, and the complexes disappeared. These
      findings strongly suggest that immune complexes in this patient contained P
      aeruginosa antigen and antibody that may have been pathogenetic in his disease.

PMID- 6816250
TI  - [Investigations on antibacterial activity of apalcillin].
AB  - In 201 clinical isolates the antibacterial activity of (2S,5R, 6R)-6-[(R)-2-(4
      Hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxamido) -2-phenylacetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4
      thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0]heptane-2-carbonic acid (apalcillin, PC-904) a new
      semisynthetic broad spectrum penicillin, was tested. The activity was almost
      equal to piperacillin, the at present optimal penicillin derivative, but against
      pseudomonas apalcillin was clearly superior. Lack of activity as compared to the
      acylureidopenicillins was found in proteus species whilst its activity against E.
      coli and klebsiella species was higher. Antagonism was observed in pseudomonas
      aeruginosa for the combination of apalcillin and cefoxitin which also existed
      with azlocillin or piperacillin and cefoxitin.

PMID- 6816251
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans by
      cultured pig aortic endothelium.
AB  - Porcine aortic endothelium cultured at 20% oxygen concentration synthesizes
      collagen and three of its marker enzymes - proline and lysine hydroxylases and
      lysine oxidase, the cross-link enzyme. It also synthesizes and secretes
      hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate, possibly heparan sulphate, large amounts of
      chondroitin 4-sulphate and smaller amounts of chondroitin 6-sulphate. Growth of
      these cells for 24 h in 0%, or 2% oxygen results in little change in cell numbers
      or cell protein but a fall in collagen synthesis and in proline and lysine
      hydroxylases, but a rise in lysine oxidase. There is a considerable increase in
      synthesis and secretion of all the glycosaminoglycans found. The cell lipids
      appear qualitatively unchanged. Apart from increased lysosomes seen at 0% oxygen,
      no ultrastructural changes appear to occur. These findings illustrate the
      lability of the endothelial response to oxygen lack.

PMID- 6816252
TI  - Comparative effect of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid on rat aortic
      smooth muscle cell migration.
AB  - We investigated the effects of mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and N
      formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (F-Met-Leu-Phe) on rat aortic smooth muscle
      cell migration in modified Boyden chambers. 12-HETE showed the most potent
      stimulatory effect on smooth muscle cell migration among the mono-HETEs tested.
      The optimal concentrations for cell migration were 3 X 10(-15) and 3 X 10(-13)
      g/ml for 12-HETE and 10(-8) g/ml for 15-HETE, 5-HETE and F-Met-Leu-Phe were
      inactive with these cells. As 12-HETE is biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by
      the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in platelets and macrophages, and 15-HETE by the 15
      lipoxygenase pathway in granulocytes, the present results indicate an important
      role for such cells in the early phase of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6816253
TI  - Post training follow-up: a critical component for CAPD success.

PMID- 6816254
TI  - The cost of ambulatory care in alternative settings: a review of major research
      findings.

PMID- 6816255
TI  - Balancing economics and health in setting environmental standards.

PMID- 6816256
TI  - Low-cost medical practices.

PMID- 6816257
TI  - [Continuous enteral feeding of infants using an elemental diet].

PMID- 6816258
TI  - [Usefulness of computed tomography of the brain in neonatology].

PMID- 6816259
TI  - [Diabetic ketoacidosis: hospital experience and new treatment protocol].

PMID- 6816260
TI  - Neurotoxic lesions of ventrolateral but not anteromedial neostriatum in rats
      impair differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) performance.
AB  - In two separate experiments, rats received either kainic acid (KA), 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or control lesions bilaterally into either the
      anteromedial or ventrolateral neostriatum. Both ventrolateral neurotoxic lesions
      disrupted post-operative body weight regulation and the acquisition of a DRL-20
      sec operant schedule of reinforcement. The pattern of operant responding
      suggested that these animals had an impairment in response sequencing or
      switching. Rats with anteromedial lesions manifested neither body-weight nor DRL
      impairments.

PMID- 6816261
TI  - Some capabilities and limitations of multiple regression analysis: application to
      canine coronary blood flow.
AB  - Changes in inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration produced concurrent
      changes in systemic and coronary haemodynamics in 39 anaesthetized dogs. These
      changes provided the data base for an exercise in multiple regression analysis
      using SPSS packages. The physiological problem was to identify influences on
      coronary blood flow additional to those associated with cardiac work or oxygen
      consumption. Such influences were identifiable to an extent which was probably
      limited as much by experimental design as by the underlying physiology. Multiple
      regression relationships described the integrated response of coronary blood flow
      to the experimental challenge more completely than any univariate approach. The
      exercise provided useful insights into a multifactorial problem and the need for
      deliberate experimental design in attempting to answer specific physiological
      questions.

PMID- 6816262
TI  - Increased factor VIII-related antigen in necrobiosis lipoidica and widespread
      granuloma annulare without associated diabetes.

PMID- 6816263
TI  - Down-regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in postmenopausal women by a
      superactive LHRH analogue: lack of effect on menopausal flushing.

PMID- 6816264
TI  - Studies on the range of tissue protein synthesis in pigs: the effect of thyroid
      hormones.
AB  - The effects of thyroid hormones on the range of tissue protein synthesis in
      growing pigs using the constant infusion technique with [14C]lysine were studied.
      2. During a 6 h infusion, samples were taken from blood and, at the end of the
      infusion, from liver, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestines, kidney
      cortex, kidney medulla, muscle and skin. 3. Lower relative specific
      radioactivities of free leucine and lysine in several tissues were observed in
      the hormone-treated group than in the untreated one. 4. The range of protein
      synthesis rate and the daily amount of protein synthesized in tissues was higher
      in all tissues after application of thyroid hormones. 5. Assuming that the organs
      analysed represented 70% of the total trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein
      of the pig, the estimated range of daily protein synthesis was 251-490 and 312
      880 g in untreated and hormone-treated pigs respectively.

PMID- 6816265
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      ferricytochrome cd1.
AB  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ferricytochrome cd1 from the
      denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been obtained. The normal 0-10
      ppm chemical shift range shows many overlapping and nonresolvable peaks, as would
      be expected for a dimeric protein of molecular weight approximately 120,000. In
      the downfield region between 10 and 50 ppm, and in the upfield region between 0
      and -20 ppm, resolvable resonances corresponding to a small number of protons are
      observed. The temperature and pH behavior of these resonances have been examined.
      For some of the resolved resonances, the pH behavior of chemical shifts and
      intensities indicates that the oxidized form of the enzyme undergoes a structural
      transition with a pK of 5.8 +/- 0.3. On the basis of several lines of evidence,
      some assignments are proposed in which resolvable resonances are assigned as
      originating from either the heme c or the heme d1 prosthetic groups of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 6816267
TI  - Structure-function relationships in Escherichia coli translational elongation
      factor G: modification of lysine residues by the site-specific reagent pyridoxal
      phosphate.
AB  - Translational elongation factor G (EF-G) of Escherichia coli was modified with
      the selective, site-specific lysine reagent pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The
      reaction results in the modification of a maximum of 12 lysine residues, one of
      which is essential for guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding and whose
      modification is inhibited by the presence of GTP. Formation of a reversible
      adduct between 2,3-butanedione and an essential arginine similarly located in the
      GTP binding site [Rohrbach, M.S., & Bodley, J. W. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 1360
      1363] also protects EF-G from PLP inactivation, suggesting that these two
      residues are spatially close to each other in the native factor. The essential
      lysine residue was found in the trypsin-resistant fragment T4 (Mr 41 000). In
      addition to the lysine essential for GTP binding, at least one further lysine was
      found to be important for EF-G function, since GTP-protected, PLP-modified EF-G
      molecules fully competent in binding to 50S ribosomal subunits showed decreased
      activity in 50S- and 70S-dependent GTP hydrolysis. It is likely that a PLP
      modified lysine impairs the interaction of the factor with 30S ribosomal subunits
      and/or a conformational change of the factor required for the hydrolysis of GTP.

PMID- 6816266
TI  - Interaction of several class II and III RNA polymerases with two families of 7'
      substituted alpha-amanitin.

PMID- 6816268
TI  - Compositional and structural heterogeneity of avidin glycopeptides.

PMID- 6816269
TI  - Isolation and characterization of simple and complex lipoproteins containing
      apolipoprotein F from human plasma.
AB  - Apolipoprotein F (ApoF), one of the minor apolipoproteins in human plasma, has
      been recently isolated and partially characterized [Olofsson, S.O., McConathy,
      W.J., & Alaupovic, P. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1032-1036]. In the present work,
      the interaction of ApoF with other apolipoproteins and lipids in human plasma was
      studied. By the successive use of immunosorbers specific for ApoF, apolipoprotein
      A-II (ApoA-II) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), three different ApoF-containing
      lipoproteins were isolated from normolipidemic fasting human plasma. Their
      apolipoprotein content was determined by double immunodiffusion against
      monospecific antisera to all known serum apolipoproteins, electroimmunoassay,
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their
      lipid composition was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The three ApoF
      containing lipoproteins were identified as LpF:A-I:A-II (lipoprotein containing
      ApoF, ApoA-I, and ApoA:II), LpF:A-I (lipoprotein containing ApoF and ApoA-I), and
      LpF (lipoprotein containing only ApoF). LpF:A-I:A-II was found to contain ApoF,
      ApoA-I, and ApoA-II in an apparent 2:1:1 molar ratio. Its lipid moiety was
      characterized by cholesterol ester (45%) and free cholesterol (28%) as the
      predominant lipids. LpF contained only ApoF, and in its major lipid components
      were also cholesterol esters (63%) and free cholesterol (21%). It is suggested
      that ApoF-containing lipoproteins may be involved in transport and/or
      esterification of cholesterol.

PMID- 6816270
TI  - Purification and partial amino acid sequence of papain-solubilized class II
      transplantation antigens.
AB  - Papain-solubilized human class II (HLA-DR) antigens have been purified from
      cadaveric spleens by ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, and
      immunosorbent purification. The isolated papain-solubilized antigens comprised
      two subunits with apparent molecular weights of 23 000 and 30 000, respectively.
      The circular dichroism spectrum for the isolated class II antigens was similar to
      spectra recorded for HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens, immunoglobulins, and
      immunoglobulin fragments. Thus, class II antigens contain a considerable amount
      of beta structure. The small subunit (beta chain) exhibited extensive charge
      heterogeneity on two-dimensional isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, whereas the large subunit (alpha chain) was more homogeneous.
      The structural heterogeneity of beta chains remained after neuraminidase
      treatment. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the beta chains displayed
      multiple residues in several positions in accordance with the genetic
      polymorphism displayed by this chain. The alpha chain also displayed multiple
      residues in some positions, suggesting either that some of the genetic
      polymorphism of the class II antigens may be endowed in this chain or that
      multiple loci control the expression of several alpha chains. Papain-solubilized
      class II antigen subunits were homologous in their amino acid sequences with HLA
      DR antigens of defined antigenic specificity as well as with murine I-E/C
      antigens.

PMID- 6816271
TI  - Messenger ribonucleic acid function and protein synthesis in zinc-deficient
      Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6816272
TI  - Catalytic site of glycogen phosphorylase: structure of the T state and
      specificity for alpha-D-glucose.

PMID- 6816273
TI  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of internal motion in ribonucleic
      acid of southern bean mosaic virus.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study southern
      bean mosaic virus (SBMV) in its native and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      treated forms at various pH values in the range 4.5-9.0. The degree of swelling
      in the latter form is a critical function of pH. Spin-lattice relaxation time
      (T1), line-width, and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements were made at
      40.51, 80.98, and 190.3 MHz. The results indicate that the RNA phosphate groups
      in native SBMV exhibit low-amplitude internal motions on a nanosecond time scale
      while the phosphate groups of swollen virus exhibit large-amplitude, more rapid,
      internal motions. A spread of T1 and NOE values is measured at intermediate
      stages in the swelling process. A simple explanation, consistent with the data,
      is that the RNA core of the virus undergoes a two-state phase transition from a
      relatively rigid, compact solid form in the native SBMV to a mobile, solvated
      state in the fully swollen particle.

PMID- 6816275
TI  - Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase: primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect
      using [3-2H]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
AB  - The primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of [3-2H]ribulose
      1,5-bisphosphate with CO2 in the reaction catalyzed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase has been determined. By use of highly purified substrates containing
      less than 0.13% of the C-3 epimer xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate (this material is
      known to be a potent competitive inhibitor), the kinetic isotope effect has been
      shown to be 1.2 +/- 0.2 (Vmax) and 1.3 +/- 0.3 (Vmax/Km). These values are
      clearly too small to be intrinsic isotope effects for the rate-limiting removal
      of the C-3 proton from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. The results confirm the
      conclusions from the tritium experiments reported in the previous two papers and
      emphasize the fine balance between the forward and reverse reactions of the
      enediol intermediate.

PMID- 6816274
TI  - Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase: fate of the tritium label in
      [3]3H]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate during the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
AB  - The reaction of [3-3H]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and CO2 with ribulose-1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase has been investigated in order to provide information
      about the early steps of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The specific
      radioactivity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate reisolated after partial reaction
      rises as the reaction proceeds, demonstrating that the isotopic discrimination
      (which results in the preferential consumption of unlabeled substrate) is more
      important than the equilibration of the hydrogen on C-3 with solvent protons.
      These data confirm the existence of the enediol intermediate and set limits on
      the range of permissible free-energy levels that there is a rather fine balance
      among the three critical transition states for this reaction (those of
      enolization, condensation of the enediol with CO2, and solvent exchange of the C
      3 proton).

PMID- 6816277
TI  - Reactivity of the alpha-putrescinylthymine amino groups in phi W-14
      deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA contains the hypermodified pyrimidine alpha
      putrescinylthymine (putThy) [Kropinski, A. M. B., Bose, R. J., & Warren, R. A. J.
      (1973) Biochemistry 12, 151]. The primary amino groups of the putrescinyl side
      chains react with trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) but at a much slower rate than
      the reactive lysine side chains of proteins. Both primary and secondary amino
      groups in the putrescinyl side chains react with acetic anhydride, but the
      reaction does not go to completion under the conditions employed. Some of the
      secondary amino groups react faster with acetic anhydride than do some of the
      primary amino groups. Acetylation lowers the thermal transition temperature (Tm)
      of phi W-14 DNA, confirming that the unusually high Tm of this DNA is due to the
      charged putrescinyl groups, but it does not affect the buoyant density. The
      extent of lowering of the Tm is proportional to the degree of acetylation. Since
      some of the secondary amino groups are acetylated before some of the primary
      amino groups, the effect of acetylation on the Tm suggests that both the primary
      and secondary amino groups can neutralize negative charge repulsion in phi W-14
      DNA. Only the putThy residues in the DNA are modified by TNBS and acetic
      anhydride.

PMID- 6816276
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of a mouse mu chain: homology among heavy chain
      constant region domains.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the mouse mu chain secreted by the MOPC 104E
      myeloma tumor has been determined. There are four constant region domains in the
      mu chain and a 20-residue COOH-terminal segment that plays a role in the
      polymerization of pentameric immunoglobulin M molecules. There are six sites of
      carbohydrate attachment in the MOPC 104E mu chain. Three complex-type and two
      high-mannose oligosaccharides are located in the mu chain constant region. The
      general type and location of carbohydrate moieties in the mu chain constant
      region are completely conserved between mouse and human mu chains. Homology in
      the location of carbohydrate structures on different classes of heavy chains is
      discussed.

PMID- 6816278
TI  - Unidirectional uptake of L-alanine and L-serine by system ASC in the basolateral
      membrane of cat salivary epithelium. Selective inhibition of rapid alanine
      metabolism by aminooxyacetate.
AB  - Unidirectional influx of L-alanine and L-serine across the basolateral membrane
      of cat salivary epithelium was investigated in perfused submandibular glands
      using a rapid (less than 30 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. (Bustamante,
      J.C., Mann, G.E. and Yudilevich, D.L. (1981) J. Physiol. 313, 65-79). High
      uptakes were measured for both neutral amino acids, however, only the uptake of L
      alanine was followed by an immediate tracer efflux into the circulation.
      Aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase, completely inhibited
      this efflux and glandular pyruvate production. These results demonstrate that in
      assessing unidirectional amino acid uptake, the influence of metabolism should be
      considered even during short intervals of measurement.

PMID- 6816279
TI  - Calcium and ionophore A23187 induce the sickle cell membrane phosphorylation
      pattern in normal erythrocytes.
AB  - Pre-treatment of normal erythrocytes with micromolar Ca2+ and ionophore A23187
      induces abnormal phosphorylation of membrane polypeptides, as determined by
      labeling with exogenous 32Pi. The Ca2+ -induced effects, which include increased
      incorporation of 32P into acid-stable linkages and increased labeling in the Band
      3 and 4.5-4.9 regions of SDS gels, are similar to those seen in untreated sickle
      erythrocytes. Part of the abnormal phosphorylation of sickle cells may be caused
      by their elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels.

PMID- 6816280
TI  - Control of fatty acid incorporation in membrane phospholipids. X-ray-induced
      changes in fatty acid uptake by tumor cells.

PMID- 6816281
TI  - Queuine-containing isoacceptor of tyrosine tRNA in Drosophila melanogaster.
      Alteration of levels by divalent cations.
AB  - Dietary cadmium causes the queuine-containing, Q(+), isoacceptors to increase
      relative to the guanine-containing, Q(-), ones of tRNATyr, tRNAHis and tRNAAsp of
      Drosophila melanogaster. Of the other divalent cations examined, Sr2+, Ni2+,
      Cu2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+, only Hg2+ failed to cause an increase in Q(+)tRNATyr. For
      these results, all pre-adult stages of the organism were spent on media
      containing the divalent ions. Adult flies that had developed on a normal diet
      also responded to divalent ions; Hg2+ as well as Cd2+, Sr2+ and Zn2+ caused an
      increase in Q(+)tRNATyr in 4 days. Using adult flies, the rate of the response
      was measured; when placed on a Cd2+-containing diet, they formed significantly
      more Q(+)tRNATyr within 24 h as compared to adults on a normal diet. Whether the
      queuine is derived from the diet or from de novo synthesis is yet to be
      determined. Since the metal ions represent a range of values in the 'hard-soft'
      classification, different sites of reaction are expected, yet for Drosophila a
      common result is an alteration in the ratio of Q(+) and Q(-) isoacceptors of
      these tRNAs. The transition to Q(+)tRNA may be an early indication of the
      metabolic imbalances resulting from the presence of the divalent cation.

PMID- 6816282
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis does not influence the H1 histone synthesis in
      Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - In the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis the DNA synthesis is stopped immediately
      and completely after addition of one of the two DNA synthesis inhibitors
      methotrexate + uridine and hydroxyurea to a cell suspension. However, the present
      experiments show, that the accumulation of labeled H1 histone in the inhibited
      cells is almost totally unaffected for more than two-thirds of a cell cycle after
      addition of either inhibitor.

PMID- 6816283
TI  - Multiple forms of iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase in human tissues and body
      fluids.
AB  - Iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase (EC 3.1.6.-) was found in human placenta in three
      forms which could be separated by elution from DEAE-cellulose using an NaCl
      gradient. Form C, most firmly bound to DEAE-cellulose, was 40% larger than the
      other two (forms A and B in order of ease of elution from the ion exchanger).
      Forms B and C contained sialic acid which could be removed by neuraminidase
      digestion. After removal of sialic acid form B became indistinguishable from form
      A. The enzyme forms found in placenta were compared with those from other human
      tissues and fluids by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel
      chromatography. Serum and amniotic fluid contained only form C, urine and
      cultured fibroblasts contained the less-anionic forms as well, and kidney
      contained appreciable amounts only of form A. Pre- and post-natal diagnosis of
      the Hunter syndrome both involve measurements on the enzyme which is present in
      form C. This is not accompanied by less-anionic forms which constitute the bulk
      of the enzyme as it is isolated from easily available sources such as urine.

PMID- 6816284
TI  - Elucidation of the disulfide bond positions of the beta-subunit of human follicle
      stimulating hormone.

PMID- 6816285
TI  - A new approach to the general detection and measurement of proteinase and
      proteinase inhibitor activities.

PMID- 6816286
TI  - Effect of guanidination on subunit interactions in hybrid isozymes from pig
      lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The thermostability of the isozymes from pig heart (H) and muscle (M) lactate
      dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) decreased in the order
      of H4 greater than M4 greater than H3M greater than HM3 greater than H2M2, while
      the thermostability of the isozymes from guanidinated H4 and M4 increased as
      guanidinated H monomer was substituted by M monomer. The increased
      thermostability of H4 increased as guanidinated H monomer was substituted by M
      monomer. The increased thermostability of H4 on guanidination of five lysine
      residues per subunit was due to the decrease in the standard activation entropy,
      and no change in the standard activation enthalpy was observed. The more
      increased thermostability of H4 on further guanidination of lysine residues from
      5 to 15 per subunit was due to the increase of the standard activation enthalpy
      which overcame the decrease in thermostability due to the increase of the
      standard activation entropy. The results indicate two different mechanisms of
      stabilization depending on the degree of guanidination. The increase of
      thermostability, as measured by the change of the standard activation free energy
      for thermal inactivation of H2M2, was almost the same as that of H4 on
      guanidination of five lysine residues in an H monomer. This result and the order
      of thermostability of the isozymes from unmodified and guanidinated H4 and M4
      suggest that the increase of thermostability of hybrid isozymes on guanidination
      of H monomer is due to the change of the heterologous subunit interactions.

PMID- 6816287
TI  - Specificities of antisera directed against soybean lipoxygenases-1 and -2 and
      purification of lipoxygenase-2 by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Antiserum directed against lipoxygenase-1 from soybean (Glycine Max (L). Merr.
      var. Williams) was developed in rabbits with electrophoretically pure
      lipoxygenase-1 as an antigen. To remove traces of lipoxygenase-1 from a
      lipoxygenase-2 preparation the latter was chromatographed over a column of
      Sepharose 4B to which antibodies directed against lipoxygenase-1 were coupled.
      During affinity chromatography of lipoxygenase-2 no protein and only a small
      amount of activity were lost. Affinity-purified enzyme was used for immunization
      of rabbits to produce lipoxygenase-2 antibodies. Results with double gel
      immunodiffusion tests with the two soybean lipoxygenases and antisera directed
      against them demonstrated that there is no immunological relationship between the
      isoenzymes. Lipoxygenases from different species of leguminosae crossreacted only
      with antiserum directed against soybean lipoxygenase-2, and not with anti soybean
      lipoxygenase-1 serum. No crossreaction could be detected between soybean
      lipoxygenase antisera and lipoxygenases from species of Gramineae, Linaceae and
      Solanaceae.

PMID- 6816288
TI  - Separation and characterization of two different species of rat angiotensinogen.
AB  - Two distinct species of rat angiotensinogen (A-1 and A-2) were purified from
      plasma of nephrectomized rats by combining ammonium sulfate fractionation,
      chromatography on Blue Sepharose and SP-Sephadex, gel filtration and preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Separation of the two species was
      accomplished in the SP-Sephadex chromatography step, A-1 eluting before A-2. The
      two angiotensinogen species had identical electrophoretic mobilities on
      analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but differed in their apparent
      molecular weights as obtained by SDS-gel electrophoresis (A-1, Mr 60 000; A-2, Mr
      56 400). In analytical isoelectric focusing each species displayed a
      characteristic double band with isoelectric points of 4.54 and 4.60 for A-1, and
      4.69 and 4.76 for A-2. These physicochemical differences can be accounted for by
      the difference in carbohydrate content: A-1, when compared to A-2, had a higher
      content of sialic acid (5.0 and 2.1 mol/mol), neutral hexoses (10.2 and 5.9
      mol/mol) and aminohexoses (10.5 and 7.0 mol/mol, respectively). Antiserum raised
      against rat angiotensinogen crossreacted completely with both angiotensinogens.
      Both species could also be isolated from plasma of non-nephrectomized rats, which
      indicates that they may be present under physiological conditions. The
      physiological significance of the occurrence of these species of angiotensinogen
      is still unknown.

PMID- 6816289
TI  - Comparative studies on aldose reductase from bovine, rat and human lens.
AB  - A purification scheme for aldose reductase (alditol: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC
      1.1.1.21) developed using bovine lens tissue including an affinity
      chromatographic step is presented which is particularly suited for small
      quantities of lenses. Using the affinity chromatographic method as a key step
      also makes it possible to obtain preparations of rat lens aldose reductase which
      are homogeneous. The behavior of crude preparations of aldose reductase from
      human lens on both ion-exchange and affinity chromatography was similar to the
      chromatographic behavior of the enzyme from rat and bovine lens. Comparative
      studies of aldose reductase obtained from the lenses of the three species
      demonstrate the similarity of the enzymes. These comparisons were based on
      molecular weights, isoelectric points, chromatographic behavior and kinetic data.
      Homotropic cooperativity for both NADPH and glyceraldehyde, as evidenced by a
      downward curvature in the Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plots, had been
      demonstrated for aldose reductase obtained from bovine lens (Sheaff, C.M. and
      Doughty, C.C. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2696-2702). Similarly, cooperativity was
      observed with the enzyme from both rat and human lenses and the apparent Km
      values at both high and low concentrations of substrate are comparable for the
      lens aldose reductases from all three species for both substrates.

PMID- 6816290
TI  - A reaction mechanism for aldose reductase from lens.
AB  - Sheys and Doughty, (Sheys, G.H. and Doughty, C.C. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      242, 523-531) suggested a model for Rhodotorula (yeast) aldose reductase
      (alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) which offered a unified explanation
      for changes in reversibility, reaction mechanism, and effects of multivalent
      anions as well as substrate activation. The present paper extends this model to
      lens aldose reductase, explaining its similarities to the reverse reaction in
      Rhodotorula in regard to its reaction mechanism, as well as multivalent anion
      effects of sulfate, pyrophosphate and NADPH (above 20 micro M) and also substrate
      activation with glyceraldehyde involving formation of an abortive complex (above
      50 micro M). Activation of lens aldose reductase resulted with multivalent
      anions, due to increased V max and apparent Km values with increasing
      concentration of multivalent anions. The lens enzyme mechanism is similar to the
      reverse reaction mechanism for the Rhodotorula enzyme, being partially random in
      character, based on NADP+ inhibitor studies presented here. The binding of NADPH
      appears to occur at a basic center containing arginine and possibly histidine.
      Evidence of the participation of these residues at the active center is based on
      time-course inactivation protection studies using reagents specific for these
      residues.

PMID- 6816291
TI  - Studies on the unique presence of an N-acetylgalactosamine residue in the
      carbohydrate moieties of human follicle-stimulating hormone.

PMID- 6816292
TI  - The effect of pH on the kinetics of iron release from human transferrin.

PMID- 6816293
TI  - Aldosterone-induced proteins in renal epithelia.
AB  - Similar aldosterone-induced proteins have been demonstrated in two renal
      epithelia, the urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus, and epithelia formed by
      cells of the A6 line derived from the kidney of the toad, Xenopus laevis. The
      proteins are induced along with the stimulation of Na+ transport but their
      synthesis is not dependent on Na+ transport per se. In view of the similar
      characteristics of the aldosterone-induced proteins in these two different
      epithelia, we suggest that they may have an important role in aldosterone-induced
      Na+ transport.

PMID- 6816294
TI  - Changes in particulate-bound protease activity during cold acclimation in
      Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - The protease activity, as assayed at pH 8.0 with azocasein as substrate, of a
      ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1, was found to alter by growing the
      cells at various constant temperatures or at shifted temperatures. The
      intracellular protease activity, when cells were grown at either constant 39
      degrees C or 15 degrees C, was decreased throughout the growth phase with
      significant secretion into the medium. On the other hand, when the culture
      temperature was transferred from 39 degrees C to 15 degrees C, the protease
      activity in cells was greatly increased up to about 28-fold at 8 h after the
      shift. There was, however, no secretion into the medium during the cold
      acclimation after the shift, where no cell division occurred. The elevated
      protease activity was quickly decreased to the control level when the culture was
      warmed to 39 degrees C after 8-h chilling, and recovery of normal cell division
      was seen. The marked increase in the protease activity caused by the shift to 15
      degrees C was completely blocked by the addition of either cycloheximide or
      actinomycin D. The thermally induced enhancement of protease activity was found
      to occur with no different preference between three protease fractions.

PMID- 6816295
TI  - Calcium-dependent adenylate cyclase of pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - Effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin on the adenylate cyclase activity of a prolactin
      and growth hormone-producing pituitary tumor cell strain (GH3) were examined. The
      adenylate cyclase activity of homogenates was stimulated approx. 60% by
      submicromolar free Ca2+ concentrations and inhibited by higher (microM range)
      concentrations of the cation. A 2-3-fold stimulation of the activity in response
      to Ca2+ was observed at physiologic concentrations of KCl, with both the
      stimulatory and inhibitory responses occurring at respectively higher free Ca2+
      concentrations. Calmodulin in incubations at low KCl concentrations increased the
      enzyme activity at all Ca2+ concentrations tested. In incubations conducted at
      physiologic KCl concentrations, both the inhibitory and stimulatory responses to
      Ca2+ were shifted by calmodulin to lower respective concentrations of the cation,
      without significant change occurring in the maximal rate of enzymic activity at
      optimal free Ca2+ X Mg2+ concentrations in the incubation also influenced the
      Ca2+ concentration dependence of adenylate cyclase; at high Mg2+ more Ca2+ was
      required to obtain maximal activity. Trifluoperazine inhibited adenylate cyclase
      of GH3 cells only in the presence of Ca2+; as Ca2+ concentrations in the assay
      were increased, higher drug concentrations were required to inhibit the enzyme.
      Ca2+ was also observed to reduce the extent of enzyme destabilization which
      occurred during pretreatments at warm temperatures. Vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide and phorbol myristate acetate, which stimulate prolactin secretion in
      intact GH3 cells, enhanced enzyme activity 4- and 2.5-fold, respectively, without
      added Ca2+. Increasing free Ca2+ concentrations reduced the enhancement by VIP
      and eliminated the stimulation by PMA.

PMID- 6816296
TI  - Evidence for a coupling of prolactin secretion and synthesis by rat pituitary
      cells in culture.
AB  - The relationship between the release and the synthesis of prolactin by rat
      pituitary cells in culture was studied using a microtubule-disrupting drug,
      vinblastine. (1) Prolactin secretion was inhibited by vinblastine in short-term
      incubations. Vinblastine did not act via the dopamine pathway, since a potent
      anti-dopaminergic drug, fluphenazine, was unable to reverse the inhibiting action
      of the antimicrotubular agent. (2) Continuous treatment by vinblastine induced a
      progressive decrease of the rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine in prolactin.
      The half-inhibition time was about 2 days. This inhibition of prolactin synthesis
      was selective, since total protein synthesis remained unaffected. (3)
      Measurements of radioimmunoassayable prolactin showed that the inhibition of
      hormone release by vinblastine led to a transient increase of the intracellular
      content of prolactin. The phase of over-accumulation was followed by a
      progressive reduction of the total (cell + medium) prolactin. This result is in
      agreement with the observed inhibition of de novo synthesis of prolactin and
      indicates that a degradation process takes place in pituitary cells in culture.
      In conclusion, the use of vinblastine allows us to demonstrate that the rate of
      prolactin synthesis is dependent upon the secretory status of the cell.

PMID- 6816297
TI  - Biofeedback of alveolar carbon dioxide tension and levels of arousal.
AB  - This is a preliminary study designed to investigate the potential usefulness of
      alveolar (lung) CO2 feedback training in promoting sleep onset in primary
      insomniacs. The present study was undertaken to determine if normal subjects
      could, without obvious manipulation of breathing, bring alveolar (lung) CO2
      tension under voluntary control using biofeedback techniques and, if so, whether
      this control would be accompanied by shifts in level of wakefulness. Subjects
      participated in five baseline and five training sessions in which EEG, alveolar
      CO2 tension, and thoracic/abdominal respiratory movement were monitored. The
      feedback consisted of a pitch-modulated tone plus visual scores. We found that
      CO2 tension in awake portions of "up" trials was significantly higher than for
      awake portions of "down" trials (p less than .01), indicating that learning had
      occurred. In the initial trials, when subjects raised CO2 tension they became
      drowsy and often fell asleep, and when they lowered CO2 tension they aroused
      themselves. However, when subjects were awakened immediately upon falling asleep,
      there developed a decoupling of EEG and CO2 changes. The presence of such a
      decoupling phenomenon makes it unclear whether CO2 feedback will be useful in
      promoting sleep onset in primary insomniacs.

PMID- 6816298
TI  - [Carboxyl groups in the active center of glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori].
AB  - The values for the ionization constants of the catalytic groups of the active
      site of glucoamylase from Asp. awamori for the free enzyme and for the enzyme-
      substrate complex were calculated. The temperature dependence of the alkaline
      branch of the pH-dependence curve and the pH dependence in the presence of
      methanol were determined. The ionization enthalpy delta H = 1.5 +/- 0.3
      kcal/mole, the ionization entropy delta S = 20.5 +/- 1.2 e. u. It was assumed
      that two carboxyl groups are involved in the catalytic act.

PMID- 6816299
TI  - [Endoperoxide prostaglandin synthetase from the microsomal fraction of human
      platelets].
AB  - The reaction of oxidation of arachidonic acid by the enzymes localized in the
      microsomal fraction of human platelet was investigated. It was shown that the
      preparations of washed microsomes are devoid of the lipoxygenase activity but
      possess the endoperoxideprostaglandin synthetase activity. The oxidation of
      arachidonic acid is a three substrates process, whose indispensable component is
      a reducing agent, i. e. an electron donor. The stoichiometry of the three
      substrates reaction as well as the dependence of the reaction rate on the
      concentration of O2, arachidonic acid and the electron donor, haemin were
      studied. The effective values of some reaction parameters were determined.

PMID- 6816301
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity in mono- and mixed cultures of coryneform bacteria].

PMID- 6816300
TI  - [Role of calcium ions in the development of the catalytic activity of
      phospholipase D].
AB  - The peculiarities of the reaction of mycellar lecithine cleavage by phospholipase
      D and the role of Ca2+ in the catalytic activity of the enzyme were studied. It
      was shown that Ca2+ participates in the formation of a catalytically active
      intermediary enzyme-substrate complex with a strict stoichiometric ratio of
      substrate, phospholipase activator (Na-DS) and Ca2+. The kinetics of inhibition
      for this reaction by lantane and fluoride ions and EDTA were studied. The
      inhibition of the reaction in a lecithine-Na-Ca2+-phospholipase D system by La3+
      is due to substitution of bivalent Ca2+ by trivalent La3+ within the intermediary
      complex. The inhibiting effect of F- is due to penetration of the electron
      negative ion into the coordination sphere of the intermediary complex and to
      disturbances in the hydrophobic binding between the ligands. The inhibitory
      action of EDTA is revealed during protein binding to the substrate and is not due
      to the chelating capacity of EDTA with respect to Ca2+. It was demonstrated that
      the role of Ca2+ is not restricted by its binding to phospholipase C. Ca2+ are
      also necessary for neutralization of the extra charge on the surface of substrate
      mycelles, production of an appropriate ionic strength and modification of the
      substrate phase surface at the interface. The catalytic function of Ca2+ consists
      in a formation of a "recognition" site in the active center of phospholipase D.

PMID- 6816303
TI  - Relationship of plasma testosterone concentrations to pituitary-ovarian hormone
      secretion during the bovine estrous cycle and the effects of testosterone
      propionate administered during luteal regression.

PMID- 6816302
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase activity of microorganisms after exposure to ozone].

PMID- 6816304
TI  - Seasonal effects and hormonal patterns related to puberty in ewe lambs.

PMID- 6816305
TI  - In vivo biosynthesis of the saturated isoprene unit of dolichyl phosphate.
AB  - Reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols to form dolichols was studied
      in vivo using 3H-polyprenol derivatives as substrates and liposomes as carriers.
      Liposomes containing labeled polyprenol, polyprenyl phosphate, or polyprenyl
      pyrophosphate were injected through the portal vein into the livers of rats under
      anesthesia. Uptake and conversion of the labeled compounds to dolichol
      derivatives was studied at different intervals. The greatest conversion to
      dolichol derivatives was found with polyprenyl pyrophosphate and polyprenyl
      monophosphate, with 31% and 8% of the absorbed dose converted respectively. Less
      than 0.2% of the absorbed polyprenol was converted to dolichol derivatives. These
      results suggest that the substrate for the alpha-isoprene reductase involved in
      dolichol biosynthesis is either polyprenyl monophosphate or polyprenyl
      pyrophosphate, or both.

PMID- 6816306
TI  - Albinism in England.

PMID- 6816307
TI  - Tortuosities of retinal and conjunctival vessels in lysosomal storage diseases.

PMID- 6816308
TI  - Chemical pathology of the sialidoses.

PMID- 6816309
TI  - [Effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on formation of neurites in neuroblastoma N2a
      cells].

PMID- 6816310
TI  - [Effect of thyroliberin on neurons of the sensorimotor cortex].
AB  - The effect of thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) on extracellularly
      recorded spontaneous activity of sensorimotor cortical neurons was studied in
      experiments on non-anesthetized rabbits. Thyroliberin injected intravenously in
      doses of 0.1-7.0 mg/kg had an excitatory effect on the cortical neurons. In
      contrast, thyroliberin had a depressant effect when applied
      microiontophoretically to individual neurons. It is concluded that the excitatory
      effect of thyroliberin on the cortex after systemic application is related to the
      facilitation of subcortical-cortical activating influences. Extracortical
      receptors of the excitatory type are likely to be responsible for the main
      central-stimulating properties of thyroliberin.

PMID- 6816311
TI  - [Effect of GABA-ergic substances on humoral immunity].

PMID- 6816312
TI  - [Effect of gutimine on accumulation of fatty acids in dog myocardium during
      prolonged heart arrest under moderate hypothermia].

PMID- 6816313
TI  - [Localization of cytochrome P-450PB in the rat liver and primary liver tumors of
      different histological structure after administration of inductor aroclor 1254].
AB  - Localization of cytochrome P-450PB in normal rat liver and primary liver tumors
      induced by DENA was studied by the immunoperoxidase method of unlabeled
      antibodies after treatment with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (aroclor
      1254). In intact liver, only one layer of the cells around the central veins was
      stained. On the 4th day after aroclor 1254 injection almost all the cells of the
      liver lobule were intensely stained. The ability for induction of cytochrome P
      450PB was dramatically suppressed in the neoplastic nodules and trabecular
      carcinomas of the liver. The enzyme was detected only in individual groups of
      tumor cells whatever the level of their cytomorphological differentiation. In
      mixed tumors, the epithelium of the glandular component was inducible whereas the
      elements of the trabecular component were strongly but irregularly stained. No
      staining of tumor cells was recorded in the rats not treated with aroclor 1254.

PMID- 6816314
TI  - [Photosensitized oxidation of asparagine-glutamine deamidase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens].
AB  - The process of oxidation of deamidase of asparagine-glutamine from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens sensitized with dyes has been studied. Oxidation brings about
      complete inactivation of the enzyme which, however, retains the quaternary
      structure. In the course of photooxidation, tryptophan residues are first
      destroyed and then those of histidine. Possibilities of the participation of
      these amino acid residues in catalysis and maintenance of active conformation of
      the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 6816315
TI  - Tamoxifen alone versus tamoxifen plus 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil in the
      treatment of advanced breast cancer: a sequential trial.
AB  - During the past 4 years, a sequential study was conducted to compare the effect
      of tamoxifen (TAM) alone and TAM plus 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT)
      in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The overall response rates were 28.9%
      in 45 patients treated with TAM, and 43.2% in 37 treated with TAM + FT. In regard
      to dominant site of lesions, 4 out of 9 patients (44.4%) with visceral
      involvement responded to TAM + FT, whereas none out of 10 responded to TAM alone.
      In a crossover study, 4 out of 5 failures to TAM responded favorably to TAM + FT.
      The median value of survival was 24 months in patients treated with TAM alone and
      36 months with TAM + FT. Side effects such as gastrointestinal disorders and bone
      marrow suppression slightly increased in incidence when cytotoxic chemotherapy
      was combined with TAM. The present chemo-endocrine regimen with TAM + FT showed
      some advantages over TAM alone.

PMID- 6816316
TI  - Chemoendocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The effect of a combination of endocrine and chemical therapies has been studied
      during the past decade in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors and advanced human
      breast cancers. Although interferential effects have been observed between
      endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in highly hormone-dependent tumors or cell
      lines, beneficial effects can be achieved from a combination of these two
      treatment modalities in human breast cancer when the steroid receptor status and
      the presence or absence of visceral metastases are considered in the selection of
      treatment programs.

PMID- 6816317
TI  - The prophylaxis of rat and mouse mammary gland tumorigenesis by suppression of
      prolactin secretion: a reappraisal.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of early and temporal CB-154
      induced suppression of prolactin secretion on the genesis of mammary tumors in
      female Sprague-Dawley rats treated i.g. with 3 doses of 7,12
      dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA); doses which yield a high (20 mg), moderate (5 mg)
      and low (1.25 mg) mammary carcinoma incidence. In addition, the effect of
      prolactin suppression on the genesis of mammary tumors in strains of rodents
      which, when treated with maximally tolerated doses of DMBA, develop a moderate
      (female Lewis rats) and a low (female Long-Evans rats and female Balb/c mice)
      mammary carcinoma incidence was also evaluated. Daily suppression of prolactin
      secretion during DMBA treatment (30 days before, during and 30 days after)
      (series 1) or commencing 30 days after DMBA treatment (for 60-81 days) (series 2)
      significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the number of mammary carcinomas in
      Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 20 and 5 mg DMBA and in Lewis rats (series 2);
      treatment with CB-154 did not significantly lower mammary carcinoma incidence in
      Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1.25 mg DMBA, nor in Lewis rats (series 1), Long
      Evans rats and Balb/c mice. These results provide evidence that the effectiveness
      of prolactin suppression in the prophylaxis of chemical carcinogenesis of the
      rodent mammary gland is enhanced when a moderate or large dose of the carcinogen
      is used, or a strain of rodent is used which is moderately or highly susceptible
      to the mammary oncogenic effects of the carcinogen. Low doses of the carcinogen
      or use of a rodent strain relatively resistant to the carcinogen nullifies the
      chemopreventive activities of early prolactin suppression.

PMID- 6816320
TI  - Mathematical model for the study of fertility and viability in inbreeding
      populations.

PMID- 6816319
TI  - Effect of substrate concentration on the cometabolism of m-chlorobenzoate by
      Pseudomonas fluorescens.

PMID- 6816321
TI  - [Biological definition of self].

PMID- 6816323
TI  - Hyperalimentation.

PMID- 6816322
TI  - Comparison of two laboratory procedures for xenodiagnostic examination.

PMID- 6816318
TI  - Corpus luteum dysfunction and the epidemiology of breast cancer: a
      reconsideration.

PMID- 6816324
TI  - 'Rebound' mania after lithium withdrawal?

PMID- 6816325
TI  - Calcified ureteric diverticulum.

PMID- 6816326
TI  - Environmental dangers for the patient with a pacemaker.

PMID- 6816327
TI  - Evoked potentials in neurological diagnosis.

PMID- 6816328
TI  - BCG vaccination scars: an avoidable problem?

PMID- 6816329
TI  - An absence of alcohol policy.

PMID- 6816330
TI  - World Medical Association.

PMID- 6816331
TI  - Erythropoietin and renal function in sickle-cell disease.
AB  - The relation between haemoglobin concentration, creatinine clearance, and the
      serum concentration of erythropoiesis-stimulating factor were assessed in 31
      patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease. Haemoglobin concentrations fell
      significantly with decreasing creatinine clearance (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001)
      and were positively correlated with the concentration of erythropoiesis
      stimulating factor (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). These observations suggest that
      erythropoietin concentration is the factor limiting production of red cells in
      sickle-cell disease with renal insufficiency and have implications for treatment.

PMID- 6816332
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on microvascular haemodynamics in progressive
      systemic sclerosis.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin E1 infusion on nailfold capillary haemodynamics were
      studied in eight patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to progressive
      systemic sclerosis. Using a modified Landis microinjection technique the mean (+/
      SEM) transcapillary pressure gradient was increased during and six weeks after
      infusion by 13.9 +/- 3.2 cm H2O (p less than 0.05) and 5.5 +/- 2.5 cm H2O (p less
      than 0.05) respectively. Capillary red cell velocity measured in two patients by
      video television microscopy also increased during and after infusion with
      prostaglandin E1. Six patients claimed subjective benefit and in three their
      ulcers healed. These findings support the observed beneficial effect of
      prostaglandin E1 and suggest that it improves the nutritive capillary circulation
      by lowering precapillary resistance.

PMID- 6816333
TI  - Assessment of the accuracy and role of self-recorded blood pressures in the
      management of hypertension.
AB  - Self-recording of the blood pressure by patients away from hospital or office
      ("home blood pressure") has been advocated as providing a better estimate of
      "true" blood pressure. The reliability of home blood-pressure recording has been
      assessed only by standard indirect methods which themselves are subject to
      considerable error and variability. The accuracy of self-recorded blood pressures
      was therefore assessed in 57 patients with essential hypertension by comparison
      with simultaneous measurements of clinic blood pressures and with intra-arterial
      blood pressures recorded at home and at hospital. Home systolic blood pressures
      showed good agreement with clinic and intra-arterial pressures, but home
      diastolic blood pressures overestimated intra-arterial pressures, as did clinic
      diastolic pressures. The clinic and home diastolic pressures showed good
      agreement. There was considerable variability in individual differences comparing
      the indirect and intra-arterial methods, though the two indirect methods showed
      much closer agreement. This study suggests that home blood pressures are as
      accurate as clinic readings but may be recorded more frequently and thus provide
      more useful information. Neither is likely to approximate the intra-arterial
      blood pressure.

PMID- 6816334
TI  - Management of traumatic intracranial haematoma.
AB  - Deciding which head-injured patients should be transferred to a neurosurgical
      unit can be difficult. Traditional criteria emphasise the development of
      deteriorating responsiveness but lead to delayed diagnosis and to avoidable
      mortality and morbidity. To discover if a more liberal admission policy improved
      results a study was conducted analysing data collected prospectively from 683
      patients who had a traumatic intracranial haematoma evacuated in the Glasgow
      neurosurgical unit between 1974 and 1980. In the first four years, before the
      change in policy, mortality was 38% but decreased to 29% afterwards. This
      reflected a reduction in the proportion of patients who talked after injury but
      who deteriorated into coma before operation--that is, 31% before the change in
      policy, 16% afterwards. If the potential benefits of CT scanning in the
      management of head injuries are to be realised patients must be scanned sooner
      than in the past. This will usually mean that more patients should go to a
      neurosurgical unit and that simple criteria for transfer should be established.

PMID- 6816335
TI  - Early prognosis of epilepsy.
AB  - In 94 previously untreated new referrals to a neurological clinic with tonic
      clonic or partial seizures or both the failure rate for optimum single-drug
      treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine after a median of 32 months was 17%.
      Failure of single-drug treatment was associated especially with the presence of
      additional neuropsychiatric handicaps but also with partial or mixed seizures,
      symptomatic epilepsy, and a higher number and frequency of tonic-clonic or
      partial seizures before treatment. Analysis of the recurrence of seizures
      suggested that the first year of treatment may be crucial in determining the long
      term prognosis. These findings are in keeping with the concept that seizures may
      predispose to further seizures, and imply that early, effective treatment may be
      important to prevent evolution into chronic and more intractable epilepsy.

PMID- 6816336
TI  - Effect of posture and drink volume on the swallowing of capsules.

PMID- 6816337
TI  - Different interactions of indomethacin and sulindac with thiazides in
      hypertension.

PMID- 6816339
TI  - Overwhelmed in Oxford.

PMID- 6816338
TI  - Achalasia: presentation with stridor and a new form of treatment.

PMID- 6816340
TI  - Study leave in Israel.

PMID- 6816341
TI  - Doing research as a trainee.

PMID- 6816342
TI  - Renal transplantation in diabetics nephropathy.
AB  - Forty diabetics who had developed end-stage renal failure from diabetic
      nephropathy and underwent renal transplantation have been followed up from one to
      six years. After one and two years 63% and 42% survived (45% and 33% respectively
      with functioning kidneys). Older patients, those with coronary and peripheral
      vascular disease, and those with severe neuropathy are prone to higher
      postoperative morbidity and mortality. The presence of advanced retinopathy, on
      the other hand, does not appear to influence the outcome.

PMID- 6816343
TI  - Oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules.
AB  - The oesophageal transit of six commonly used tablets and capsules containing
      barium sulphate was evaluated radiologically using fluoroscopy in 121 healthy
      volunteers. To determine the influence of the subject's position and the amount
      of water taken each subject swallowed three preparations while recumbent and
      standing and with 25 ml or 100 ml of water. Failure of swallowing (defined as
      oesophageal transit taking more than 90 seconds) occurred in 22% of 726
      swallowings, but globus was complained of in only 33% of these. Sixty per cent of
      the volunteers had difficulty in taking one or more of the preparations. Many
      preparations adhered to the oesophageal membrane and started to disintegrate in
      the lower part of oesophagus. It is recommended that subjects should remain
      standing for at least 90 seconds after taking capsules or tablets and that all
      preparations should be taken with at least 100 ml of water. Small tablets are
      swallowed most easily. Liquid forms of medication (suspensions) should be
      considered for bedridden patients and those who have difficulty in swallowing.

PMID- 6816344
TI  - ABC of brain stem death. Pitfalls and safeguards.

PMID- 6816345
TI  - Becoming a consultant: other considerations.

PMID- 6816346
TI  - Disciplinary attitudes and cigarette smoking: a comparison of two schools.
AB  - Two British boarding schools for boys with different disciplinary policies in
      respect of cigarette smoking were identified. Questionnaires were sent to the
      young "old boys" of each school to determine their present smoking habit and most
      were returned (school A 81%, school B 83%). Significantly more responders smoked
      who had been to the less strict school (school A 39%, school B 30%, p less than
      0.05). These figures probably underestimate the smoking prevalence in the two
      complete groups. The results suggest that measures that reduce the exposure of an
      uncommitted adolescent to peer group smoking decrease the chances of tobacco
      dependence in adulthood.

PMID- 6816347
TI  - Essentials of health economics: Part IV--Challenges for the future.

PMID- 6816348
TI  - Popular marathons: forecasting casualties.

PMID- 6816349
TI  - Respect for traditional medicine.

PMID- 6816351
TI  - Does control of risk factors prevent coronary heart disease?

PMID- 6816350
TI  - Does low dietary and serum linoleic acid predispose to myocardial infarction?

PMID- 6816352
TI  - Kuntscher's nails for femoral fractures.

PMID- 6816353
TI  - Benoxaprofen: effect on cutaneous lesions in psoriasis.

PMID- 6816354
TI  - Choosing treatment for metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 6816355
TI  - Unusual presentation of anorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 6816356
TI  - Near miss cot deaths and home monitoring.

PMID- 6816357
TI  - Spontaneous expulsion of a large colonic tumour.

PMID- 6816358
TI  - Muscle cramps during treatment with nifedipine.

PMID- 6816360
TI  - Need our streets be so filthy?

PMID- 6816359
TI  - New thoughts for the Health Education Council.

PMID- 6816361
TI  - Do it yourself obituaries.

PMID- 6816362
TI  - Role of the hospice in the care of the dying.

PMID- 6816363
TI  - Functional diseases.

PMID- 6816364
TI  - Acute biochemical responses to moderate beer drinking.
AB  - The consequences of drinking six pints of beer (3.31) over three hours were
      investigated in six healthy men. The expected rise in plasma osmolality, fall in
      plasma vasopressin concentration, and increase in free water clearance occurred;
      these variables had returned to normal by nine hours. There was a small but
      significant fall in plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine accompanied by a
      rise in plasma potassium concentration. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase,
      gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatinine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase did not
      change, and there was no alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia. All subjects had a slight
      hangover, but none was fluid depleted. It is concluded that, apart from inducing
      changes in water balance, alcohol in this form causes remarkably little metabolic
      disturbance.

PMID- 6816365
TI  - The gap in your knowledge: gender on wheels.
AB  - Among a group of young car drivers the size of the gap perceived as necessary to
      allow them to drive their cars through was related to their degree of measured
      fatness. This relationship extended to measured height and shoulder breadth in
      women and self-perception of shoulder breadth in men. No relationship could be
      found with the premenstrual phase in women. These findings may have important
      social implications.

PMID- 6816366
TI  - Moon-boot foot syndrome.

PMID- 6816367
TI  - Lateral epicondylitis presenting as jailer's elbow.

PMID- 6816368
TI  - A doctor in the Great War--an interview with Sir Geoffrey Marshall.

PMID- 6816370
TI  - Miraculous deliverance of Anne Green: an Oxford case of resuscitation in the
      seventeenth century.

PMID- 6816369
TI  - Precepts and practice: Charles Hastings's vision and reality.

PMID- 6816371
TI  - Sir Charles Bell and the anatomy of expression.

PMID- 6816372
TI  - In search of Korotkoff.

PMID- 6816373
TI  - Blue plaques: London house of medicohistorical interest.

PMID- 6816374
TI  - Threefold cord of religion, science, and literature in the character of Sir
      Thomas Browne.

PMID- 6816375
TI  - Jacopone da Todi's mystical pathology.

PMID- 6816376
TI  - Green College, Oxford: its contribution to clinical medicine.

PMID- 6816377
TI  - The Barsetshire doctors.

PMID- 6816378
TI  - The way they lived then.

PMID- 6816379
TI  - Some experiences of ships' surgeons during the early days of the sperm whale
      fishery.

PMID- 6816380
TI  - Illness of Dorothy Wordsworth.

PMID- 6816381
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and a bearded female saint.

PMID- 6816382
TI  - The murderer's vade mecum.

PMID- 6816383
TI  - Revelation and the single lens.

PMID- 6816384
TI  - An expedition across the Okavango.

PMID- 6816385
TI  - Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigen by a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - The Gonozyme test (Abbott Laboratories) is a new enzyme immunoassay for detecting
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens in specimens from the urethra in men and the
      endocervix in women. To evaluate the usefulness of the assay 249 patients were
      investigated. The results obtained with the immunoassay were compared with those
      of culture and microscopy of Gram-stained smears. The sensitivity and specificity
      of the test were high in men with urethritis and acceptable in different groups
      of women. As the sensitivity of the Gonozyme test was much higher than that of
      microscopy for endocervical specimens it might be useful as a rapid screening
      test for the detection of gonorrhoea in women.

PMID- 6816386
TI  - Induction in gonococci of phenotypic resistance to killing by human serum by
      human genital secretions.
AB  - Cervical secretions and seminal plasmas from uninfected clinically healthy
      persons and vaginal exudates from patients with infections other than gonorrhoea
      converted gonococci susceptible to killing by fresh human serum to resistance
      after three hours' incubation at 37 degrees C. The inducing factors present in
      the genital secretions explain the serum resistance of gonococci from patients
      with acute urethritis. This serum resistance is lost on subculture in laboratory
      media but could play an important role in vivo in the survival of gonococci in
      the initial stages of urogenital infection when serum factors are liberated into
      the local infection site during inflammation.

PMID- 6816387
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoea in Jakarta, Indonesia.

PMID- 6816388
TI  - Some observations on hypothalamo-amygdaloid connections in the monkey.
AB  - The projections of the hypothalamus to the amygdala have been studied
      autoradiographically in a series of eleven cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis) in which injections of [3H]amino acids had been made in different
      regions of the caudal two-thirds of the hypothalamus. The most prominent
      projection arises from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and
      terminates most heavily in the medial, magnocellular division of the central
      nucleus. Injections confined to the ventromedial nucleus also result in labeling
      of the piriform cortex, the periamygdaloid cortex, the anterior amygdaloid area,
      the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the parvocellular divisions of both the basal
      and basal accessory nuclei. All these projections are bilateral (although the
      contralateral component is much smaller) and show evidence of a rostro-caudal
      topographic organization. Isotope injections that involve the caudal part of the
      lateral hypothalamic area label projections to the medial division of the central
      amygdaloid nucleus, to the medial and cortical nuclei and to the anterior
      amygdaloid area. When such caudally placed injections also involved the lateral
      mamillary nucleus, the lateral division of the central amygdaloid nucleus was
      additionally labeled. Although the medial mamillary nucleus does not project to
      the amygdala, there is evidence for a minor projection from the supramamillary
      region to the medial amygdaloid nucleus. The ventral tegmental area appears to
      project to the lateral division of the central nucleus and the medial portion of
      the substantia nigra has a small projection to both divisions of the central
      nucleus. All of these projections reach the amygdala by way of the so-called
      ventral amygdalofugal pathway, but at least some of the fibers that arise in the
      ventromedial nucleus run in the stria terminalis.

PMID- 6816389
TI  - Regulatory peptides as a source of new drugs--the clinical prospects for
      analogues of TRH which are resistant to metabolic degradation.
AB  - The biological properties of several analogues of TRH (Pyr-His-Pro X NH2) are
      reviewed. Analogues discussed include those with modifications to the Pyr moiety
      (e.g. DN-1417, CG 3509 and CG 3703), the Pro moiety (e.g. RX 77368) and MK-771
      which has both terminal residues modified. The analogues have enhanced biological
      half-lives compared to TRH because of their resistance to enzymatic degradation.
      Neuropharmacological evaluation indicates the analogues to be active in
      antidepressant screening tests, to reverse the effects of diverse CNS depressants
      and to promote arousal when given alone. The analogues all exhibit enhanced
      potency compared to TRH in such tests. In contrast they appear equipotent to TRH
      in endocrine tests. An explanation is offered for this paradox in terms of
      metabolic stability and bioavailability to the requisite sites of action. The
      prospects for clinical utilization of the neuropharmacological properties common
      to TRH and its analogues are considered.

PMID- 6816390
TI  - The projections of the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions: a combined
      fluorescent retrograde tracer and immunofluorescence study in the rat.
AB  - The organization of projection neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and
      in adjacent parts of the raphe nuclei medial to it (the central and rostral
      linear, and interfascicular nuclei), the mammillary body (the supramammillary
      region and the tuberomammillary nucleus), and the substantia nigra have been
      examined in the rat with Kuypers' retrograde double labeling method, and with a
      combined retrograde labeling (with true blue)-immunohistochemical method for the
      demonstration of dopaminergic neurons. First, the distribution, within the VTA
      and adjacent regions, of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic cells that project to
      terminal fields in the telencephalon (nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, pre- and
      supragenual fields of the anterior limbic cortex, amygdala, dorsal hippocampus,
      and entorhinal area), in the diencephalon (lateral habenula), and in the
      brainstem (locus coeruleus, and parabrachial nucleus) was determined. Then, 15
      different combinations of injections of the tracers bisbenzimide and true blue
      into different terminal fields were made to determine whether individual cells in
      the region of the VTA send collaterals to more than one site. Taken together, the
      results indicate that essentially separate groups of cells in the VTA and
      adjacent regions of the raphe project to each terminal field. In addition, each
      group can be further divided into dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic components,
      although the proportion of dopaminergic cells in each group can vary from over
      80% (e.g., to the nucleus accumbens) to less than 1% (to the lateral habenula and
      to the locus coeruleus). In addition, it was found that the supramammillary
      region, which contains a dense extension of the A10 cell group in its medial
      part, and the tuberomammillary nucleus, project to, or through, most of the
      regions injected with retrograde tracers. Virtually all of the projections from
      the VTA and adjacent regions are partially crossed, the percentage of cells on
      the uninjected side ranging from over 40% (e.g., for locus coeruleus injections)
      to only about 2% (e.g., for amygdalar injections). Most of the groups of
      projection neurons in the region of the VTA are considerably intermixed with the
      exception of those that project to the lateral septum, to the lateral habenula,
      and to the hippocampal formation, which are concentrated in ventral and medial
      parts of the VTA, and in the raphe nuclei medial to the VTA. It was concluded
      that in the ventral part of the midbrain, essentially separate groups of
      aminergic and non-aminergic neurons in both the reticular formation (VTA) and in
      the adjacent nuclei of the raphe project bilaterally to a variety of similar
      terminal fields in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and brainstem. Further work
      at the single cell level is needed to determine whether these cell groups are
      differentially innervated by known inputs to the VTA and adjacent regions, most
      of which appear to descend through the medial forebrain bundle from sites in the
      limbic system and hypothalamus.

PMID- 6816391
TI  - Changes in the development of central noradrenaline neurons after neonatal axon
      lesions.
AB  - The effects of early surgical lesions of ascending noradrenaline (NA) axons and 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced NA denervation of the spinal cord on the
      postnatal development of central NA neurons of the rat have been studied using
      histo- and neurochemical techniques. The lesions were performed during the first
      week after birth and analyzed at the age of one or two weeks or in the adult
      stage. Complete unilateral hemisection at the mesencephalic level in the neonatal
      stage produced marked reductions of the 3H-NA uptake in vitro in the cerebral
      cortex with concomitant significant increases (+30-50%) of the uptake on the
      ipsilateral side of the pons-medulla when determined in adulthood. Partial
      unilateral hemisection, restricted to produce an axotomy of the dorsal NA bundle,
      led to almost complete NA depletions in the cerebral cortex, while significant NA
      elevations were found in the mesencephalon (+25-40%), pons-medulla (+15%) and
      cerebellum (+90%) on the ipsilateral side. In the latter region a significant NA
      increase (+50%) was also observed in the controlateral side. Regional analysis of
      the 3H-NA uptake after partial hemisection gave similar results. Intraspinal
      injection of 6-OHDA on the day of birth resulted consistently in marked NA
      depletions (-90% or more) in the spinal cord, while the effects on NA in the
      cerebral cortex varied, being either unaffected or markedly reduced. Animals with
      unaffected cerebral cortex disclosed a significant NA increase in the pons
      medulla only, whereas animals with cortical NA denervation displayed significant
      increases in endogenous NA levels both in the pons-medulla and the cerebellum.
      The present results give further support for the "pruning effect" concept
      explaining the growth response that central NA neurons exhibit after neonatal 6
      OHDA treatment systemically or when one axonal branch is damaged neonatally.

PMID- 6816392
TI  - Are large, fluorescent spots in aged mouse brain due to lesioning of
      catecholamine neurons?
AB  - Age-related, large intensely fluorescent (LIF) catecholamine-containing spots
      were discovered in mouse brain. The similarity of their appearance to "piled-up"
      fluorescent material observed in catecholamine (CA) nerve tracts after 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions suggests that LIF spots may be due to
      accumulation of CA in neurons whose distal portions are undergoing degeneration.
      When senescent mouse brain were examined longitudinal to monoaminergic tracts by
      the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence method, some elongated, large fluorescent
      structures were observed. This suggests an axonal swelling and accumulation of CA
      proximal to a lesion. One month after lesioning by intraventricular injections of
      6-OHDA, the number of large fluorescent accumulations was significantly reduced.
      CA accumulations due to lesioning, thus, do not generally remain for the life of
      the animal. Hence if LIF spots are caused by lesioning, they may be turning over,
      and the number of LIF spots present at any one time represents only newly formed
      spots.

PMID- 6816393
TI  - Autonomic innervation of the urogenital system: adrenergic and cholinergic
      elements.
AB  - The major organs of the male urogenital (UG) system have been examined in various
      mammals, including man, using light and electron microscopic (EM) histochemical
      methods. For the light microscopic study, the urinary bladder, the vas deferens
      and the penis (corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum) were studied in the rat,
      cat, dog, monkey and man using a glyoxylic acid (GA) method modified for
      peripheral adrenergic nerve fibers, and a thiocholine method for
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Fine structural analysis was done on the vasa of
      rat, cat, monkey and man, and on the bladder and penis of cat, dog, monkey and
      man. Tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde (GMO) as a control or in glutaraldehyde
      dichromate (GDC) for the specific localization of norepinephrine (NE). All organs
      studied demonstrated numerous adrenergic nerve fibers throughout the muscular
      layers, in the connective tissue, and in the adventitia of most blood vessels.
      These fibers had a brilliant fluorescence when visualized with the GA method, and
      demonstrated many varicosities with small (400-600 A) and/or large (800-1200 A)
      granular vesicles in both control and GDC-fixed tissue examined with the EM.
      Evaluation of the vesicles with the analytical electron microscope (AEM) verified
      that those in the GDC-fixed tissue were chrome-positive, and, therefore, NE
      containing. In the vas and penis, acetylcholinesterase(AChE)-positive nerve
      fibers were encountered less frequently at the light microscopic level than
      adrenergic fibers, and few typical cholinergic varicosities were seen in these
      organs with the EM. In the bladder, cholinergic nerves were seen with about the
      same frequency as adrenergic fibers in both light microscopic and EM
      preparations. Also observed frequently in each of the viscera were varicosities
      with large to very large (800-2000 A) granular vesicles of the kind presently
      hypothesized to be peptidergic or purinergic. Few varicosities of the type
      considered sensory, with large (800-1200 A) clear vesicles and numerous
      mitochondria, were observed in this tissue. Evidence from this study suggests
      that mammalian UG organs are innervated extensively by adrenergic nerves, and,
      excepting the bladder, have a limited cholinergic innervation; in the bladder,
      numerous fibers of each type can be found. In addition, another type of nerve
      fiber, perhaps peptidergic or purinergic, is found in large numbers in each of
      the organs studied and thus may represent a significant effector of autonomic
      regulation.

PMID- 6816394
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of APP (avian pancreatic polypeptide)
      immunoreactive nerve fibres around cerebral blood vessels.
AB  - Nerve fibres containing immunoreactive avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) were
      demonstrated in the wall of cerebral blood vessels from several species. Pial
      arteries of chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, cat and dog had a dense supply of
      APP fibres while APP fibres were less numerous in rabbit, cow and monkey. The APP
      immunoreactive fibres were more numerous in the rostral part of the circle of
      Willis than around more caudally located pial vessels. Immunoreactive fibres were
      also seen in the wall of pial vessels of the spinal cord, as shown in the cat.
      Extirpation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was followed by a
      marked reduction in the number of APP-containing fibres on the ipsilateral side
      of the brain.

PMID- 6816395
TI  - [Regulatory mechanisms of respiration and their disorders].

PMID- 6816397
TI  - [Transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through water and soil to the host].

PMID- 6816396
TI  - [Recent views on the pathophysiology of respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 6816398
TI  - [Radiochromatographic determination of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase activity in blood cells].

PMID- 6816399
TI  - [Demonstration of the pulsatile secretion of LH-RH into hypophysial portal blood
      of ewes using an original technic for multiple samples].
AB  - Using a stereotaxic dorsal approach under lateral X-Ray control associated with a
      perfusion system, serial collections of hypophysial portal blood have been
      successfully obtained in three spayed ewes during 4 to 9 successive hrs. For the
      first time, pulsatile patterns of LH-RH secretion have been demonstrated in long
      term ovariectomized ewes. The frequency of LH-RH pulses recorded (about one pulse
      every 50 mn) agrees closely with the frequency of LH pulses in peripheral plasma
      of ovariectomized ewes. The technique allowed measurement of LH-RH in hypophysial
      portal blood thus providing a useful method for investigation of hypothalamo
      pituitary gonadal interactions.

PMID- 6816400
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of the human testis and epididymis with a monospecific
      antiserum against the sex-steroid-binding plasma protein].
AB  - Sex-steroid-binding-plasma protein (SBP) is present at a very low concentration
      in human plasma. The preparation of a monospecific Rabbit antiserum against this
      protein allowed to demonstrate the tissular localization of antigenic
      determinants identical to SBP determinants by indirect immunofluorescence in
      human testis and epididymis.

PMID- 6816401
TI  - [Study of Vipera seoanei venom, Lataste, 1879 (Reptilia, Viperidae)].
AB  - The venom of Vipera seoanei, species from the north-western Iberic Peninsula and
      adjacent territories in France, is completely neutralised by different anti
      venomous immune sera against European vipers. Its toxicity, sensibly lower than
      V. berus berus and V. aspis zinnikeri venoms, is close to V. aspis aspis venom.

PMID- 6816402
TI  - [Changes, during a synchronous cell cycle, of the level of incorporation of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine into DNA of chick embryo fibroblasts].
AB  - The determination of the buoyant density of synchronously dividing Chick embryo
      fibroblast DNA, substituted at various times during the cell cycle by 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), has been carried out by means of analytical neutral
      CsCl banding. It has been shown that the buoyant density of BrdU-substituted DNA,
      duplicated during the first half of S phase, was 0.010 g/ml higher than that of
      BrdU-substituted DNA duplicated during the second half of S phase. That may
      reflect a preferential incorporation of the analogue at the beginning of S phase.
      This peculiar pattern of incorporation would be responsible for the observed
      inhibition of cell transformation occurring when fibroblasts, infected by Rous
      sarcoma virus, are grown in the presence of the analogue.

PMID- 6816403
TI  - [Strain of Haemophilus ducreyi producing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase].

PMID- 6816404
TI  - [Identification of lymphocyte populations producing alpha-interferon by
      monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Two different leucocyte populations producing alpha-interferon can be defined by
      monoclonal antibodies. One non glass adherent population produces interferon
      after induction with Herpes and Sendai viruses. It is characterized by anti-D44
      antibody, defining both some T and NK cells, but not by anti-D66 antibody with
      selective reactivity for T cells. The other glass adherent population is
      identified by OKM1 antibody, which defines about 70% of the monocytes, and can be
      induced only with Sendai virus.

PMID- 6816405
TI  - [Development of the adenylate cyclase activity of the embryonic chorda-mesoderm
      and endoderm during the migration of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis
      (anuran amphibian)].
AB  - In the embryo of Xenopus laevis, adenylate cyclase activity is higher in the
      chorda-mesoderm than in the endoderm. The peak of activity in the chorda-mesoderm
      is  observed at the beginning of the migration of the primordial germ cells
      (PGC). There could be a correlation between the adenylate cyclase activity of the
      chorda-mesoderm and the intraendodermic migration of the PGC.

PMID- 6816406
TI  - [Functional differentiation of the odontoblasts of mouse embryos involves DNA
      synthesis without cell division].

PMID- 6816407
TI  - [Vertigo due to vertebro-basilar insufficiency].

PMID- 6816408
TI  - [Vertigo from cervico-spinal trauma].

PMID- 6816409
TI  - [Clinical significance of electronystagmography].

PMID- 6816410
TI  - [Ophthalmogenic nystagmus].

PMID- 6816411
TI  - [Vertigo caused by cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 6816412
TI  - [Clinical significance of determination of factor VIII-related antigen in
      glomerular disease].

PMID- 6816413
TI  - [Pulmonary X-ray manifestations and their pathologic bases in adult patients of
      malignant histiocytosis].

PMID- 6816414
TI  - [Treatment of staphylococcal infections with a mixed vaccine of Staphylococcus
      aureus bacterioprotein and its toxoid--analysis of therapeutic effects in 125
      cases].

PMID- 6816415
TI  - [Sedimentation of aerosols in the rat's lungs after aerosolization and inhalation
      in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber].

PMID- 6816416
TI  - [Observation on the therapeutic effect of zinc on underweight children].

PMID- 6816417
TI  - [Observations on the cellular ultrastructure in subacute granulocytic and
      immature granulocytic leukemia].

PMID- 6816418
TI  - [Normal value of the speed of peripheral motor nerve conduction].

PMID- 6816419
TI  - [A study on the fluorine source of endemic dietary fluorosis in Guizhou
      Province].

PMID- 6816420
TI  - [Anatomy of the vestibule].

PMID- 6816421
TI  - [The designing of clinical scientific research].

PMID- 6816422
TI  - [Antibiotic-associated colitis].

PMID- 6816423
TI  - [An inquiry into the differential typing of viral hepatitis in traditional
      Chinese medicine by observations on peripheral microcirculation, hemorrheology
      and immunologic functions].

PMID- 6816424
TI  - [The effects of smoking on conjunctival microcirculation in patients with
      cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 6816425
TI  - [Effects of anisodamine on pulmonary circulation and function of the dog in
      shock].

PMID- 6816426
TI  - [Application of 131I for measurement of blood flow in the musculi rectus femoris
      of the dog].

PMID- 6816428
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on the placenta in 20 cases of postmature labor].

PMID- 6816427
TI  - [Cytogenetic studies on leukemia, hemopoietic dysplasia and myelofibrosis-
      karyotype analysis of 43 cases by G-banding technic].

PMID- 6816429
TI  - [Analysis of the effects of compound "Xiaolijun" in the prevention of chronic
      bacillary dysentery].

PMID- 6816431
TI  - [A report of 5 cases of multiple primary cancer].

PMID- 6816430
TI  - [Ocular lesions caused by small doses of ethambutol].

PMID- 6816432
TI  - [An automatic system for measuring microvascular blood flow velocities and its
      application].

PMID- 6816434
TI  - [Some advances in the study of microcirculation].

PMID- 6816433
TI  - [The method for the study of microcirculation in animal experiments].

PMID- 6816435
TI  - [Early repair of extensive electric burns of the skull].

PMID- 6816436
TI  - [Management of a case of acute uranium poisoning and renal failure after
      extensive burns by uranyl nitrate].

PMID- 6816437
TI  - [Local management of hot tar burns (with report of 5 cases)].

PMID- 6816438
TI  - [Role of catecholamine and prostaglandin in the pathogenesis of pulmonary
      hypertension in patients with pulmonary vascular diseases].

PMID- 6816439
TI  - [Study on the detection of viral antigen by the method of immunoperoxidase
      labelled antibody in the pharyngeal secretions of children with pneumonia].

PMID- 6816441
TI  - [Effects of high carbohydrate diet on blood sugar and lipid levels in patients
      with coronary heart disease].

PMID- 6816440
TI  - [Study on the relation of bone age and other developmental indices to menarche].

PMID- 6816442
TI  - [Diagnostic value of serum myoglobin in cases of neuromuscular disease].

PMID- 6816443
TI  - [The technic of high-resolution G-banding of human chromosomes and its
      application].

PMID- 6816444
TI  - [The technic of high-resolution G-banding of human chromosomes and its
      preliminary application].

PMID- 6816445
TI  - [Morphology of rapidly adhering amniotic fluid cells and antenatal diagnosis of
      neural tube defects].

PMID- 6816446
TI  - [Postural pressure sore and acute renal failure].

PMID- 6816447
TI  - [Hematogenous aspergillar endophthalmitis (with report of 2 cases)].

PMID- 6816448
TI  - [Segmental amputation of the necrotic humerus in the treatment of high-voltage
      electric burns of the upper arm (with report of 2 cases)].

PMID- 6816449
TI  - [Storage of the skin in liquid nitrogen and its experimental use].

PMID- 6816450
TI  - [Pathophysiology of vertigo].

PMID- 6816451
TI  - [The relationship between aplastic anemia and immunity].

PMID- 6816452
TI  - Variability of hydroxyapatite preparations.
AB  - Hydroxyapatite synthesized by various "standard" ways exhibits marked differences
      with preparation method. Specimens were prepared with two precipitation methods,
      a reflux method, a hydrothermal method, a high-temperature (1000 degrees C) solid
      state reaction method, and by conversion of chlorapatite at 1000 degrees C. They
      were compared in detail by use of several techniques, the major ones being x-ray
      diffraction including Rietveld structure refinements, quantitative i.r. analyses,
      and deuteration kinetics studies. At least some of the specimens differed with
      respect to each of the approximately 14 properties measured. The major lattice
      parameter differences could be largely accounted for by structurally incorporated
      H2O, CO2-3, and + O2- for 2(OH)-. Deuterizability was used as an indicator of
      ease of diffusion along the X-ion channels, a property that may be related to
      dissolution kinetics. The differently prepared specimens differed in
      deuterizability by at least two orders of magnitude. The high-temperature
      preparations, which were monoclinic, deuterated little at 110 degrees C, even in
      1000 h. The precipitated and reflux specimens deuterated readily. There were
      general indications of correlation between ease of diffusion and features
      providing passing sites for the diffusing species, e.g., OH- disorder, vacancies,
      and distortions in the walls of the X-ion channels (mostly by CO3 for PO4), and
      possibly OH- vacancies. Correlation of structural H2O, present in the aqueous
      preparations, with ease of diffusion is still ambiguous.

PMID- 6816453
TI  - Calcium binding to a calcifiable matrix: 43Ca NMR binding studies on the
      polypentapeptide of elastin.
AB  - Calcium-43 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to characterize the
      binding of calcium ion to the polypentapeptide of elastin. The change in
      longitudinal relaxation time, T1, from 1000 msec to 15 msec at 38 mM CaCl2, on
      going from D2O to coacervate concentration at 20 degrees C, is dramatic. At 20
      degrees C, the binding constant decreases with increasing calcium ion
      concentration over the range of 40 mM to 250 mM with apparent binding constants
      of Ktb congruent to 35 M-1 and Kwb congruent to 7M-1. On raising the temperature
      to 38 degrees C, there is a significant decrease in calcium interaction, as seen
      in the large increase in T1 from 15 msec at 20 degrees C to 350 msec at 38 mM
      CaCl2. This correlates with an inverse temperature transition for the
      polypentapeptide and results in a concentration dependence of the calcium
      interaction which shows positive cooperativity. Since the polypentapeptide has
      been shown to calcify massively when exposed to normal serum dialysates, these
      calcium interactions are of particular interest as the initiating process for
      calcification of this component of the elastic fiber.

PMID- 6816454
TI  - Concentrations of osteocalcin and phosphoprotein as a function of mineral content
      and age in cortical bone.
AB  - The contents of two classes of calcium binding proteins of bone matrix,
      osteocalcin and phosphoprotein, were measured as a function of age of the animal
      and of the mineral content of chicken bone powder, fractionated according to
      particle density by differential centrifugation in bromoform-toluene solutions.
      Whole bone and separated fractions were analyzed for gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      (Gla) and for O-phosphoserine [Ser(P)] as indications of their osteocalcin and
      phosphoprotein contents, respectively. Except for the Ser(P)/collagen ratio of 2
      year-old chicken bone, the concentrations of Gla and Ser(P) in the organic
      protein matrix of the bone increased with increasing mineral content of the
      tissue, calculated on the basis of the total protein content, the noncollagenous
      protein content, and the collagen content of the tissue sample. However, a
      significant difference was found between the concentrations of Gla and Ser(P)
      with respect to the calcium content of the tissue. The Gla concentration remained
      relatively constant, whereas the Ser(P) concentration decreased markedly with
      increasing calcium content. This may reflect the fact that the two classes of
      proteins have different biological functions and are concentrated in the tissue
      by different physical chemical mechanisms.

PMID- 6816455
TI  - X-ray diffraction of calcined bone tissue: a reliable method for the
      determination of bone Ca/P molar ratio.
AB  - A method is proposed which allows direct measurement by X-ray diffraction of the
      Ca/P molar ratio in bone tissue after calcination at 900 degrees C. It is based
      on the construction of a standard curve from known mixtures of hydroxyapatite
      (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TP), since these are the only two
      crystallized mineral phases in the bone ash after its calcination at 900 degrees
      C. This method, based on physical analysis, may also be used to calculate the
      respective proportions of calcium and phosphorus after the Ca/P molar ratio has
      been obtained. It is more sensitive than and at least as accurate as the usual
      chemical techniques, even though it can be applied to minute samples of bone
      tissue. Furthermore, the method permits simultaneous determination of lattice
      parameters and provides additional information about bone mineral structure.

PMID- 6816456
TI  - An improved double antibody radioimmunoassay for the determination of insulin in
      serum, plasma, and tissue incubation media.
AB  - We have modified the double antibody method of insulin radioimmunoassay to allow
      relatively short incubation periods and the use of centrifugation to separate
      bound from free insulin. This was achieved by altering the order of addition of
      reagents and by adding normal guinea-pig serum to reduce nonspecific
      interactions. The method allows for precise measurements in the range of 0-3.2 ng
      insulin. Both serum and plasma give consistent values. The technique is useful
      for the measurement of insulin levels in samples of limited size such as those
      from small experimental animals.

PMID- 6816457
TI  - Nuclear membrane-bound UDPglucuronosyltransferase of rat liver.
AB  - Some properties of rat liver nuclear membrane-bound UDPglucuronosyltransferase
      were compared with those of the endoplasmic reticulum bound enzyme. The activity
      of nuclear membrane-bound UDPglucuronosyltransferase was stimulated only about
      1.5-fold by Lubrol WX. Under the same conditions microsomal
      UDPglucuronosyltransferase was, as usual, highly activated (up to 10-fold), when
      4-nitrophenol was the acceptor of glucuronic acid. Specific activities of the
      detergent-activated enzyme were similar in microsomal and nuclear membrane
      preparations, when the following aglycone substrates were used: 4
      methylumbelliferone, 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, phenolphthalein, and
      testosterone. Apparent Km values for UDP-glucuronic acid ranged between 0.15-0.25
      mM for glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol and 1-naphthol, by either Lubrol WX
      activated or non-activated, nuclear membrane-bound UDPglucuronosyltransferase.
      These values were comparable to those found for detergent activated microsomal
      enzyme. The results show a similarity in behavior of detergent-activated
      UDPglucuronosyltransferase regardless of subcellular membrane source and,
      therefore, suggest the association of the same glucuronosyltransferase with
      nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. A possible significance of the
      presence of high activity of this enzyme in nuclear membrane is discussed.

PMID- 6816458
TI  - Soluble neutral maltase--glucoamylase from the small intestine: separation and
      characterization of components with differing affinity for concanavalin A.
AB  - Intestinal maltase with a neutral pH optimum exists in both a brush border
      membrane-bound form and a soluble form in suckling rat intestine. Previous
      experiments in our laboratory have shown that the soluble enzyme contains a
      component which binds much more tightly to concanavalin A (ConA) than solubilized
      forms of the membrane enzyme. We studied the origin of this component by
      subjecting neutral, soluble maltase activity to chromatography on Sepharose 4B at
      age 13, 18 (preweaning), and 25 (postweaning) days. At 13 days, two maltase peaks
      were obtained with approximate molecular weights of 400 000 (peak I) and 150 000
      (peak II). Peak II was less prominent at 18 days and was absent at 25 days. At 13
      days, the majority of peak I consisted of material which was bound between 0.025
      and 0.05 M alpha-methyl mannoside on gradient elution chromatography of ConA
      Sepharose. Peak II contained material which eluted between 0.075 and 0.3 M alpha
      methyl mannoside. At 25 days, all of the soluble maltase eluted between 0.025 and
      0.04 M alpha-methyl mannoside. Peak I and peak II maltases had similar pH optima
      and Km's for maltase. Peak II maltase had a fourfold greater activity toward
      glycogen than peak I maltase with approximately the same activity for palatinose,
      turanose, and trehalose. Both maltases were precipitated by an antibody raised
      against adult membrane-bound maltase. Soluble maltase with neutral pH activity in
      the suckling rat intestine, therefore, consists of two immunologically related
      isozymes which differ in their molecular weight, their binding by ConA, and their
      specificity for glycogen. The small isozyme disappears at or about the time of
      weaning.

PMID- 6816459
TI  - Changes in the heterogeneity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in
      winter rye induced by cold hardening.
AB  - The quaternary structures of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from
      cold-hardened and unhardened Puma rye were examined by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis according to the method of O'Farrell. The results indicate that
      major changes in charge heterogeneity occur in the large subunit of this enzyme
      during growth at cold-hardening temperatures. The extent of charge heterogeneity
      decreased upon adaptation of Puma rye to cold-hardening temperatures. In addition
      to charge heterogeneity, molecular weight heterogeneity was also evident In the
      large subunit polypeptides of the enzyme from cold-hardened and unhardened Puma
      rye.

PMID- 6816462
TI  - Capsular and somatic types of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits.
AB  - Capsular and somatic serotyping was performed on 79 cultures of Pasteurella
      multocida from rabbits. Of these isolates, 74 were capsular type A as determined
      by the staphylococcal hyaluronidase decapsulation test and five were type D by
      the acriflavine flocculation test. Somatic type 12 was the dominant serotype, and
      the remainder (type 1, 3, 4 and 11) were less frequent as determined by the gel
      diffusion precipitin test. This report is in general agreement with other recent
      reports with rabbit isolates and collectively they provide important serotype and
      epizootiological information that will be useful in the control and prevention of
      rabbit pasteurellosis.

PMID- 6816460
TI  - Molecular size of chondroitin sulfate from normal and osteochondrotic joint
      cartilage of adolescent boars.
AB  - Normal and osteochondrotic femurs and humeri were obtained from five normal and
      15 lame adolescent boars to study the molecular size of joint cartilage
      chondroitin sulfate. Histological examination of cartilage showed a locally
      reduced intensity of safranin-O staining in fractured areas. Sephadex G-200
      chromatography of cartilage glycosaminoglycans revealed a reduction (P less than
      0.01) in the average hydrodynamic size of chondroitin sulfate in only the
      separated cartilage from severely damaged medial humeral condyles. Chromatography
      also suggested an accumulation of fragmented chondroitin sulfate chains in this
      cartilage. There were no other appreciable differences in the hydrodynamic size
      of chondroitin sulfate from normal and osteochondrotic joint cartilage.

PMID- 6816464
TI  - Death of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in soil.
AB  - When incubated in natural (nonsterilized) soil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa died
      initially at a rate which approximated the rate for starvation of a pure culture
      in buffer. Predation by other soil microbes or phage did not appear to be
      involved, and pyocyanin either was not produced or was ineffective. The initial
      rate of death was followed by a second, considerably slower rate. Cells initially
      added in low numbers to soil also underwent biphasic death as above. Slow drying
      of the soil caused a period of rapid soil death of P. aeruginosa, but this then
      slowed to give residual numbers and a death rate similar to the second death rate
      noted for soil not allowed to dry. The cells in the dry soil had not changed
      genetically to a desiccation-resistant form. Pseudomonas aeruginosa died out
      completely in a relatively short time when the soil was first quickly dried to a
      water content similar to that obtained initially through slow drying and then
      further allowed to dry slowly. These observations appear to point to a dormant
      form, in some ways resembling a cyst, for P. aeruginosa in soil.

PMID- 6816461
TI  - Effects of limb tourniquet ischemia on local and systemic acid-base and blood
      gases of cattle.
AB  - Effects of forelimb tourniquet ischemia of 90 minute duration were investigated
      in six bulls aged two to three years. Studies were also conducted up to 150
      minutes after release of the tourniquet. Parameters investigated were pH, PCO2,
      PO2, oxygen saturation and HCO3. In systemic circulation no variations in
      different parameters were observed during 90 minutes of ischemia. However,
      significant increase in arterial and venous pH were observed after 30 and 45
      minutes of the release of tourniquet, respectively. These increases were
      accompanied by an increase in HCO3. In the affected limb, ischemia resulted in
      severe acidosis with a significant increase in PCO2 and a nonsignificant decrease
      of HCO3. There was a significant fall in PO2 and oxygen saturation. After release
      of the tourniquet, limb venous pH increased significantly due to a significant
      fall in PCO2 and a nonsignificant increase in HCO3. A significant increase in the
      limb venous PO2 and oxygen saturation post tourniquet was observed up to the end
      of the experiments. There was evidence of very poor oxygen exchange and
      utilization up to 150 minutes after release of the tourniquet. These results
      demonstrated that tourniquet ischemia of 90 minutes duration of the limb of
      cattle may not be safe.

PMID- 6816463
TI  - Investigations into the role of sulfhydryl groups in the mechanism of action of
      the nitrates.
AB  - The mechanism by which nitroglycerin (GTN) initiates relaxation in vascular
      smooth muscle is not known. According to one hypothesis a specific nitrate
      receptor exists with a key sulfhydryl (SH) group in the active site. The current
      study was performed with sulfhydryl reagents in helical strips of the canine
      medial saphenous vein from 20 dogs to examine the role of the SH group in the
      action of GTN. The reagents used were 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)
      and p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) which bind to and inactivate SH groups, and
      dithiothreitol (DTT), an SH reducing agent. It was anticipated that DTNB and PCMB
      would decrease the sensitivity to GTN while DTT might increase the sensitivity to
      GTN. Treatment of strips with PCMB and DTNB did not alter the dose-response
      curves for GTN. In contrast, following DTT treatment (1 x 10(-4)M) the maximum
      response to GTN (10(-5)M) was significantly reduced from 80.3% +/- 4.0 (SD) in
      control strips to 46.9% +/- 4.4 (SD) in the treated strips. These data suggest
      that relaxation induced by GTN in vascular smooth muscle occurs by a mechanism
      other than interaction with membrane SH groups.

PMID- 6816465
TI  - The episodic nature of behavioural disturbances among residents of facilities for
      the aged.

PMID- 6816466
TI  - Radioaffinity labelling of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli with [14C]
      glycerol, mediated through covalently bound 2,6-anhydro-1-deoxy-D-galacto-hept-1
      enitol.

PMID- 6816468
TI  - Short- and long-term results of early rehabilitation after myocardial infarction:
      physical fitness, hemodynamic assessments and psychological aspects.
AB  - 4 months of supervised physical training carried out by 70 male postinfarction
      patients resulted in a 30% statistically significant increase in the total work
      load achieved, an increased VO2 and O2 pulse, with an equally significant double
      product (DP) decrease. Follow-up ergometric tests performed by 35 patients 24
      months after rehabilitation exhibited DP comparable to those found at the end of
      the program. R wave change during exercise ECG, ejection fraction detected by a
      nuclear probe, echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular performance were
      compared with training results. The CPI and IPAT tests were used for
      psychological evaluation. After rehabilitation, the 50% Sten score drop shows
      that the patients reached almost normal anxiety levels.

PMID- 6816467
TI  - Structural studies on a carbohydrate chain isolated from the lipopolysaccharide
      of Shigella boydii type 8.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharide isolated from the cells of Shigella boydii type 8 bacteria
      gave precipitin bands against homologous antisera on Ouchterlony plates, whereas
      the carbohydrate-containing fractions obtained from it did not. One of the
      fractions was obtained in major proportion and contained 23.5% of sugars. A
      structure was assigned to the carbohydrate chain in this material by using the
      results of methylation, periodate oxidation, and deamination studies.

PMID- 6816469
TI  - Electrophysiology of the chemically sympathectomised dog.
AB  - The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system in the definition of various
      electrophysiological variables was studied in chemically sympathectomised dogs.
      Chemical sympathectomy was obtained following intravenous injection of 50 mg X kg
      1 of 6-hydroxydopamine. Sympathectomised dogs presented significant increases in:
      basic sinus period, sino-atrial conduction time (SACT), AH and HV intervals of
      the His bundle electrogram, atrial functional (AFRP) and effective (AERP)
      refractory periods, atrio-ventricular node functional (AVNFRP) and effective
      (AVNERP) refractory periods, ventricular functional (VFRP) and effective (EVRP)
      refractory periods and atrial (AMAP) and ventricular (VMAP) monophasic action
      potential durations. Corrected sinus recovery time (CSRT) was not affected by
      chemical sympathectomy. Neither was the atrial ERP/MAP duration ratio. This new
      form of sympathectomy affects all the levels of the cardiac conduction system.
      Such results are in accordance with those obtained with surgical sympathectomy or
      the use of beta-blocking agents.

PMID- 6816470
TI  - Abnormal myosin heavy chain variant associated with avian muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Avian muscular dystrophy is characterized by the degeneration of fast white
      skeletal muscle fibers, with onset during development. Using a one-dimensional
      peptide mapping technique, we have detected two forms of the myosin heavy chain
      in the fast white fibers of adult domestic chickens, one form characteristic of
      birds homozygous for muscular dystrophy, the other of their normal controls. Four
      dystrophic strains carrying the same gene for muscular dystrophy were examined.
      No differences were detected in the embryonic heavy chain peptide maps of normal
      and dystrophic chickens, consistent with the developmental onset of the
      condition. Differences were also absent from the peptide maps of heavy chains
      from slow red fibers, which are unaffected in dystrophy. No dystrophy-specific
      peptide map differences were detected in the three light chains. Analysis of
      peptide maps of rod and the heavy chain component of subfragment-1 from normal
      and dystrophic heavy chains indicates the presence of amino acid sequence
      differences in the two proteins.

PMID- 6816472
TI  - The origins of malnutrition in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 6816471
TI  - Directional protrusive pseudopodial activity and motility in macrophages induced
      by extracellular electric fields.
AB  - Extracellularly applied electric fields (less than 12 V/cm) strongly influence
      murine resident peritoneal macrophages (M phi) to undergo directional protrusive
      pseudopodial activity towards the positive pole of the electric fields in the
      absence of exogenously applied chemotactic ligands. Internal and external
      morphological features were not grossly disrupted by the fields. Directional
      motility induced by the electric fields was inhibited in the presence of 1.0 mM
      La3+ or 2.5 mM Mg2+ and 5.0 mM EGTA. Effects of the fields were latent in the
      inhibited cells and directional motility was expressed after termination of the
      field and removal of the inhibitors. Receptors for the lectins concanavalin A
      (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA-L) were uniformly distributed on the surfaces
      of M phi with no exposure to electric fields. After exposure to the fields, Con A
      receptors were preferentially distributed on regions of the M phi surface facing
      the negative pole and PHA-L receptors were preferentially distributed on those
      regions facing the positive pole. The possibility that directional M phi motility
      is regulated by the molecular topography of the cell surface is discussed.

PMID- 6816473
TI  - [Antitubercular agents. XXVI. The effect of microbiological media used in testing
      on the evaluation of the structure and antitubercular activity of
      thiobenzamides].

PMID- 6816474
TI  - Inhibition of aldose reductases from rat and bovine lenses by hydantoin
      derivatives.

PMID- 6816475
TI  - Distribution of thiourea following intravenous and oral administration to rats.

PMID- 6816476
TI  - Influence of membrane viscosity on the lateral and transverse mobility of
      carboxylic ionophores.
AB  - The rate of 45Ca or 22Na exchange-diffusion in multilamellar liposomes formed of
      dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol and containing the
      ionophore A23187 or Br-X537A was dramatically increased when the temperature and,
      hence, fluidity of the lipid bilayer were increased. In the case of 45Ca
      transport, i.e. when each Ca2+ ion binds to two molecules of ionophore, the
      relative increment in transport velocity in response to a given increase in
      temperature or fluidity was much more marked in the high range of temperature (30
      40 degrees C) than in the low range of temperature (22-28 degrees C). In the case
      of 22Na transport, however, i.e. when each Na+ ion binds to only one ionophoretic
      molecule, the temperature-dependency of the transport process followed a single
      pattern throughout the entire range of temperature. In the latter case, the slope
      of the temperature-dependent line was the same as that seen for 45Ca transport by
      the same ionophore at high temperatures. A decrease in the ionophore content of
      the liposomes shifted to a higher temperature the transition point between the
      flat and steep lines characterizing the temperature dependency of 45Ca transport.
      It is concluded that the membrane viscosity affects both the lateral mobility of
      the ionophoretic molecules and the transverse mobility of the cation-ionophore
      complex.

PMID- 6816477
TI  - [Auxotyping and sensitivity to 5 antibiotics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains
      isolated in the Central African Republic 1980 and 1981].
AB  - Auxotyping of 113 gonococcal strains isolated in Bangui (Central African
      Republic) demonstrated a majority of type "+" and type "PRO-" with an equal
      repartition between these two types (54 and 56). The study of the sensitivity to
      5 antibiotics was realized with 74 strains. It was shown an increasing resistance
      to penicillins. One strain was a penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      (PPNG).

PMID- 6816478
TI  - [Orbitocraniofacial and ocular malformative syndromes].

PMID- 6816480
TI  - Comparison of levels of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide diastereomers covalently
      bound in vivo to macromolecular components of the whole epidermis versus the
      basal cell layer.

PMID- 6816481
TI  - Specificity and completeness of inhibition of DNA repair by novobiocin and
      aphidicolin.
AB  - Novobiocin and aphidicolin were both potent inhibitors of excision repair of u.v.
      induced damage to DNA in human embryonic fibroblasts, and both also inhibited
      semiconservative DNA replication even more strongly. The mechanism of action of
      these two drugs is, however, different. Novobiocin inhibited repair replication
      without accumulating single-strand breaks, but aphidicolin inhibited repair
      replication with the accumulation of numerous single-strand breaks. Novobiocin
      appears to inhibit repair at an earlier stage than aphidicolin, which may
      indicate that DNA topoisomerases play a role in eukaryotic DNA repair. Digestion
      of DNA by exonuclease III indicated that repair patches in novobiocin-treated
      cells contained no excess 3'OH termini, whereas up to 40% of the repaired DNA in
      aphidicolin-treated cells had free 3'OH termini. Therefore, although aphidicolin
      resulted in the accumulation of single-strand breaks, many of the repair events
      escaped inhibition and the number of breaks is an underestimate of the true
      number of repair events.

PMID- 6816482
TI  - Identification of early carcinogen-induced changes in nutritional and substrate
      requirements in cultured tracheal epithelial cells.
AB  - The purpose of our studies was to determine whether specific differences in
      nutritional and/or substrate requirements exist between normal and carcinogen
      treated tracheal epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were collected from control
      tracheas or from tracheas exposed in vivo for 4 weeks to the carcinogen 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). This carcinogen exposure was shown in previous
      studies (18) to induce various types of transformed epithelial cell phenotypes.
      The cells were cultured under 7 different culture conditions, one of which was
      designed to provide optimum growth conditions for all cells (nonselective
      condition = SC0) and contained F12, conditioning factors from 3T3 fibroblasts,
      Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DME), insulin, transferrin, hydrocortisone,
      fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine hypothalamus extract. By removing one or more
      factors from SC0 we hoped to design conditions selecting against normal and for
      "carcinogen altered" cells. It was found that normal cells require collagen and
      conditioning factors (CF) (produced from 3T3 fibroblasts grown in DME + 2% FBS)
      for growth in hormone supplemented medium. Increasing the serum concentration to
      10% did not compensate for the collagen and CF requirements. In comparison, cells
      from carcinogen-exposed tracheas clearly had reduced nutritional and substrate
      requirements. Such cells grew for at least 30 days without collagen substratum as
      long as CF were present or without CF as long as collagen was present. High serum
      concentration replaced the requirement for both collagen and CF. Immortalization
      and anchorage independence of growth occurred in all cultures derived from DMBA
      exposed tracheas except in those maintained in high serum but without DME,
      collagen and CF. These studies indicate that "carcinogen-altered" cells can be
      identified and selected for based on substrate and nutrient requirements. This
      should be useful in designing a quantitative epithelial transformation system.

PMID- 6816479
TI  - Mesnum as a protector against kidney and bladder toxicity with high-dose
      ifosfamide treatment.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with advanced cancer were treated in a phase I-II trial with
      ifosfamide plus mesnum. At doses up to 300 mg ifosfamide/kg the administration of
      mesnum prevented most of the expected kidney and bladder toxicity. With this high
      dose range hemopoietic dose-limiting. Only one of twelve evaluable patients with
      breast cancer showed definite therapeutic benefit. Complete remission or partial
      remission was seen in three patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient
      with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6816483
TI  - Mutation in mammalian cells by stereoisomers of anti-benzo[a] pyrene-diolepoxide
      in relation to the extent and nature of the DNA reaction products.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of V79 cells were treated with tritium labelled (+) and (-)
      stereoisomers of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide. Cell survival and induction of
      8-azaguanine resistant mutants by the two stereoisomers were related to the
      extent of reaction with cellular DNA and to the nature of the reaction products.
      At equal extents of DNA reaction both isomers were equally cytotoxic but the (+)
      anti-isomer was considerably more mutagenic. This difference of mutagenicity
      could not be related to any particular product of DNA reaction or to differential
      excision repair by the V79 cells. It is proposed that mutagenicity in V79 cells,
      which correlates closely with reported carcinogenicity data in mice, is a
      consequence of reaction with DNA at the amino-group of guanine and that the
      difference found between the (+) and (-) stereoisomers results from differences
      in the spatial orientation of the benzo[a]pyrene residue at this site.

PMID- 6816484
TI  - Serial detection of plasma-factor XIII levels during the ovulatory cycle and
      estroprogestative contraception.

PMID- 6816485
TI  - Galactosialidosis (beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency): a possible role
      of serine-thiol proteases in the degradation of beta-galactosidase molecules.

PMID- 6816486
TI  - Evaluation of the degree of desialylation of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and
      alpha 1-antitrypsin.
AB  - A method for evaluating the degree of desialylation of alpha 1-AGP and alpha 1-AT
      has been developed. It consists in their simultaneous determination by radial
      immunodiffusion (RID) and electroimmunodiffusion (EID). When a desialylation
      exists, an underestimation by EID relative to RID is found. (1) No significant
      desialylation of alpha 1-AGP and alpha 1-AT occurred in normal subjects. (2) No
      correlation between desialylation of alpha 1-AGP and alpha 1-AT and their amounts
      existed. (3) Desialylation was preferentially observed in patients with severe
      hepatic damage but also with inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 6816487
TI  - A sensitive fluorometric assay for the simultaneous estimation of pepsin and
      pepsinogen in gastric mucosa.
AB  - An assay for pepsin has been developed based on the fluorometric measurement of
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptides released from casein at pH 5.3. The
      increase in relative fluorescence was most sensitive in the range 10-50
      micrograms pepsin/l and casein hydrolysis was not affected by the addition of up
      to a 1000-fold molar excess of pepsinogen. This assay has been used to measure
      the free and total acid proteinase content of biopsies (less than 5 mg) from
      different areas of the gastric mucosa of rat and man. Interference by the major
      lysosomal acid hydrolase, cathepsin D, could be eliminated by the differential
      stability of pepsin and cathepsin D at acid and neutral pH. The free acid
      proteinase activity of biopsies from the corpus were almost identical in these
      species whereas the total acid proteinase activity was approximately 5-fold
      greater in man.

PMID- 6816488
TI  - Thyroid abnormalities in patients with myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a systemic genetic disorder predominantly affecting
      musculature. Although endocrine disturbances have been described, data relating
      to thyroid gland involvement are sparse and conflicting. To further investigate
      this aspect, twenty MD patients and twenty age-and sex-matched controls were
      studied. All were clinically euthyroid and there were no significant differences
      between circulating levels (mean +/- SD) of T4 (101 . 5 +/- 28.2 v. 103 . 8 +/-
      27 . 7 nmol/l), T3 (1 . 86 +/- 0 . 57 v. 2 . 15 +/- 0 . 47 nmol/l), rT3 (0 . 39
      +/- 0 . 14 v. 0 . 42 +/- 0 . 09) nmol/l) or TSH (2 . 6 +/- 0 . 5 v. 2 . 4 +/- 0 .
      8 mu/l) or between T3 resin uptakes (97 +/- 8 v. 98 +/- 11%). TSH responses
      following TRH stimulation were significantly less in the MD patients (323 +/- 141
      v. 529 +/- 240%; P less than 0.0025). The mean maximum TSH levels achieved were 6
      . 7 +/- 3 . 6 mu/l (MD) and 17 . 1 +/- 7 . 2 mu/l (controls); P less than 0.005.
      Two patients had multinodular goitres (MNG) and one a single thyroid nodule.
      Thyroid scans were normal except for patchy uptake in the two MNG patients. There
      was no abnormal incidence of circulating thyroid microsomal or thyroglobulin
      antibodies, and thyrotrophin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin levels were normal
      in four patients. It is concluded that in MD: 1 palpable thyroid gland
      abnormalities occur with increased frequency, 15% (three/twenty) in the present
      study and 20% (twenty/102 case reports) from a review of the literature; 2 TSH
      responses to TRH are significantly reduced; 3 circulating thyroid hormone levels
      are usually normal.

PMID- 6816489
TI  - Liver damage and sex hormones in chronic male alcoholics.
AB  - The hormonal status of thirteen chronic male alcoholics with histologically
      proved alcoholic liver cirrhosis and that of sixteen non-cirrhotic chronic
      alcoholics with a similar drinking history were studied after the abstinence of 7
      14 days. Low levels of plasma testosterone and moderately elevated concentrations
      of plasma LH were seen in cirrhotics but not in non-cirrhotics. In cirrhotics,
      testosterone values showed positive correlations with levels of serum albumin and
      plasma prothrombin. The responses of LH and FSH secretions to LHRH stimulation
      were similar in the two groups as were the basal FSH values. Plasma
      concentrations of oestradiol were within normal limits in all patients. In both
      groups however, basal levels of plasma PRL and oestrone were increased,
      significantly more so in cirrhotics than in non-cirrhotics. The latter group was
      characterized by an exaggerated response of PRL secretion to TRH stimulation.
      SHBG concentrations were within normal range in both groups. In conclusion, our
      results emphasize the role of alcohol-induced liver damage in the pathogenesis of
      sex hormone disturbances of chronic male alcoholics without neglecting, however,
      the direct effects of alcohol abuse itself.

PMID- 6816490
TI  - Pituitary-ovarian function before, during and after the menopause: a longitudinal
      study.
AB  - The excretion of FSH, LH, oestrogens and pregnanediol was monitored once weekly
      in urine samples collected from eight peri-menopausal women aged 44-55 years
      (median, 52 years). Observations were commenced between 5 and 15 weeks before the
      menopause and were continued for 22-30 weeks after final menstruation.
      Amenorrhoea of greater than 2 years duration in association with a persistent
      elevation in gonadotrophin output was considered proof of the post-menopausal
      state. No clear hormonal change occurred at the time of the menopause. During the
      peri-menopause there is a transition from the regular ovulatory cycles of pre
      menopausal women to the unvarying high gonadotrophin and low oestrogen excretion
      which is generally regarded as being characteristic of post-menopausal women. In
      the group studied, post-menopausal levels of FSH and LH were common before and
      episodes of high oestrogen excretion were not uncommon after final menstruation.
      Menstrual failure appeared to occur spontaneously at some stage during the
      transition from the pre- to the post-menopausal state, and not to be associated
      with its conclusion. From the hormonal point of view the immediately post
      menopausal period could not be distinguished from the long cycles of peri
      menopausal women. This suggests that an endometrial rather than a hormonal event
      might determine the time at which menstruation stops during the menopausal
      transition.

PMID- 6816491
TI  - An assessment of the Amerlex free thyroxine (FT4)radioimmunoassay kit and its
      diagnostic limitations.

PMID- 6816492
TI  - An improved method for the estimation of relative binding constants of t4 and its
      analogues with serum proteins.
AB  - A new method is reported for the determination of the binding constants of
      homologous ligands relative to that of the parent ligand. The technique minimizes
      the effects of random and bias errors inherent in absolute methods and obviates
      the need to quantitate the radiolabelled tracer concentration. In addition, it is
      likely to be of general applicability for monovalent proteins. The method has
      been applied in the determination of the binding constant (relative to that of
      T4) of the T4-analogue tracer used in the Amerlex free T4 radioimmunoassay, in
      respect of its binding to both T4 binding globulin and prealbumin. The binding
      constants of the analogue (relative to T4) were approximately 3% for both
      proteins. These levels were judged unlikely to interfere significantly with the
      measurement of free T4 in serum samples from patients with very wide variations
      in concentration of either T4 binding globulin or prealbumin.

PMID- 6816493
TI  - Haemophilia A and B--two years experience of genetic counselling and prenatal
      diagnosis.
AB  - Haemophilia A. Thirty-one pregnant women, obligate or probable carriers of
      haemophilia A, requested prenatal diagnosis if sex determination showed the
      foetus to be a male. In 11 of the 31 cases the foetuses were females; in two, the
      genetic variant of the disease rendered prenatal diagnosis impossible; and in
      two, the mother aborted spontaneously. From the remaining 16 male foetuses, blood
      samples were obtained in utero in the 17th to 20th week of gestation. Examination
      of the samples showed that 11 of the foetuses were unaffected and five affected.
      Haemophilia B. Three carriers of haemophilia B had male foetuses. Examination of
      foetal blood obtained in utero showed that these three foetuses were affected.
      Confirmation. All women with an affected foetus requested termination of
      pregnancy. In one of the cases of abortion, no blood was obtained for
      confirmative examination. In the remaining cases, the prenatal prediction was
      confirmed in the abortus or in the child after birth; three women are still
      pregnant.

PMID- 6816494
TI  - Immunogenetic analysis of patients with post-schistosomal liver cirrhosis in man.
AB  - Immune responsiveness of 121 patients with post-schistosomal liver cirrhosis to
      schistosomal antigens was investigated. Out of 78 patients, only five (6.4%)
      showed low responsiveness to schistosomal adult worm antigen whereas 73 (93.6%)
      were high responders. Out of 57 healthy individuals with previous schistosomal
      infection, low responders were found in 17.5%. The frequency of low responders to
      schistosomal adult worm antigen was significantly decreased in the patients with
      post-schistosomal liver cirrhosis (P less than 0.05). Out of 121 patients, a
      significant increase in frequency of HLA-Bw44-DEn haplotype was observed
      (corrected P less than 0.02). On the other hand, HLA-Bw52-Dw12 haplotype which
      was reported to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with an immune suppression
      gene for schistosomal adult worm antigen was significantly decreased (corrected P
      less than 0.005). These observations suggested that an HLA-linked immune
      suppression gene controlled susceptibility or resistance to post-schistosomal
      liver cirrhosis through regulation of immune responsiveness of the hosts to
      schistosomal antigen in man.

PMID- 6816496
TI  - Physiology of trauma.

PMID- 6816495
TI  - Prostaglandins and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors regulate the synthesis of
      complement components by human monocytes.
AB  - The addition of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), PGD2, PGI2, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) to human monocyte cultures, inhibited the production of the
      second component of complement (C2). PGF2 alpha did not significantly affect C2
      production. As the former compounds, but not the latter increase intracellular
      cAMP, it was thought that the effect was mediated by this action. The addition of
      cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors to monocyte cultures enhanced the
      synthesis of complement components and other proteins in a dose-dependent
      fashion: cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors being more potent in this regard than
      lipoxygenase inhibitors. The enhancing effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
      paralleled their ability to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity. The enhancement of
      C2 synthesis by the addition of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors was
      reversed by the addition of PGs to the cultures. It is concluded that the
      production of PG by monocytes could provide an endogenous mechanism to control
      the synthesis of complement components and other proteins.

PMID- 6816497
TI  - Cerebral metabolism in the acute severely head-injured patient: primary metabolic
      depression vs. ischemic hypoxia.

PMID- 6816498
TI  - Respiratory management in head injury.

PMID- 6816499
TI  - Multiple myeloma: some recent developments.

PMID- 6816500
TI  - The use of an activated factor IX complex (Autoplex) in the management of
      haemarthroses in haemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII.
AB  - A new activated factor IX product (Autoplex) has been used for the treatment of
      18 haemarthroses in three haemophiliac patients with antibodies to factor VIII
      and a history of high anamnestic response to challenge with factor VIII. Results
      were evaluated by assessing pain, tenderness, range of movement and girth at 8
      and 24 hours. A score of 2 was given for improvement at 8 hours and 1 for
      improvement at 24 hours. The result was expressed as a percentage of the possible
      score. Nine episodes treated with less than 35 units of Autoplex/kg had a mean
      score of 52% and nine episodes treated with more than 35 units/kg had a mean
      score of 73%. When only the more severe group of bleeds was considered, an even
      more marked dose related response emerged. When the ratio of the percentage fall
      in the PT to the percentage fall in the KCCT was plotted against the outcome, a
      significant correlation emerged (r = 0.43; P = 0.02).

PMID- 6816501
TI  - Immunochemical demonstration of different antigens in single cells in paraffin
      embedded histological sections.
AB  - A new modification of the double staining immunochemical technique is described,
      which is capable of demonstrating the presence of several antigens in single
      cells at the light microscopical level. This method was employed by the authors
      in order to detect the simultaneous occurrence of different types of cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin chains in neoplastic plasma cell precursors in paraffin-embedded
      lymph-node specimens from patients with B-cell malignancies.

PMID- 6816502
TI  - A double antibody radioassay for the detection of platelet associated IgG.
AB  - A double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for the detection of
      platelet associated IgG (PAIgG). The assay employs conventional radioassay
      technology and, as such, readily may be adopted by laboratories familiar with
      radioassay techniques. The assay is sensitive to 0.6 ng IgG and can be undertaken
      on 10(6)-10(7) platelets, or fewer in the case of thrombocytopenia with raised
      PAIgG. The assay can be completed within 2 working days. Normal PAIgG levels in
      EDTA blood were 0.8 to 5.7 micrograms IgG/10(9) platelets. However, normal levels
      depended upon the anticoagulant used for blood collection and were on average
      five-fold higher for blood taken into EDTA than for blood taken into ACD; normal
      range 0.1-1.2 micrograms/IgG 10(9) platelets. PAIgG was assayed on blood taken
      simultaneously into ACD and EDTA from 15 patients with chronic idiopathic
      thrombocytopenia (ITP). PAIgG was raised in 14 out of 15 EDTA samples, but in
      only 11 of 15 ACD samples. EDTA was therefore regarded as the anticoagulant of
      choice. A total of 20 of 23 (87%) patients with chronic ITP had PAIgG values
      above the normal range. The PAIgG in chronic ITP was weakly related to platelet
      count, weakly and inversely related to platelet volume, but was independent of
      serum IgG concentration.

PMID- 6816503
TI  - Use of a Hickman catheter for permanent venous access in a patient with severe
      haemophilia.

PMID- 6816504
TI  - Antibody levels to Brucella abortus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Leptospira
      serogroups, in sera collected from healthy people in Fiji.

PMID- 6816505
TI  - Kinetic properties of arginase from Xenopus laevis.
AB  - 1. Arginase from the liver of Xenopus laevis has a Michaelis constant (Km) for
      arginine of 42 mM, a minor component having a Km of 29 mM. The Km is independent
      of pH in the range of 7.0-11.0 and also independent of manganese ion
      concentration. 2. Manganese is required for activation, showing an optimum at 50
      mM with inhibition at higher concentrations. 3. The enzyme is inhibited by high
      concentrations of the substrate L-arginine and by L-lysine and L-ornithine in a
      competitive manner with respect to arginine. 4. In its Michaelis constant for
      arginine and inhibition by high substrate concentration, Xenopus liver arginase
      resembles "ureotelic" arginases.

PMID- 6816506
TI  - Immediate postabortal insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD.

PMID- 6816507
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension, a review.

PMID- 6816508
TI  - Unusual fatty acids in the lipids of steer and human meibomian gland excreta.

PMID- 6816509
TI  - Neurofibromatosis: clinical heterogeneity.

PMID- 6816510
TI  - Pseudomonas folliculitis.
AB  - Thirty-three patients were shown to have gram-negative folliculitis due to
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In nine women the eruption was mild and self-limited,
      occurring after depilation of the legs. The remaining twenty-four patients had
      recurrent papular skin rashes that were resistant to therapy and lasted between
      three months and three years. Circumstantial evidence implicated the hospital
      environment as the probable source of infection.

PMID- 6816511
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in the male homosexual community.

PMID- 6816512
TI  - Regional assignment of the structural gene for human acid beta-glucosidase to q42
      leads to qter on chromosome 1.
AB  - The structural gene for human acid beta-glucosidase (GBA) has been regionally
      assigned to a narrow region on chromosome 1 using somatic cell hybridization,
      specific immunoprecipitation, and assay with the natural substrate. A human
      fibroblast line, 46,XX,del(1)(pter leads to q42:), was fused with mouse RAG
      fibroblasts and the heterokaryons were subcloned. All hybrid subclones containing
      a normal chromosome 1 were positive for GBA. In contrast, subclones with a single
      del(1) were negative for GBA by both immunoprecipitation and natural substrate
      assays. These results were consistent with the previous assignment of GBA to the
      region 1p11 leads to qter and further localized the gene to the narrow region
      1q42 leads to qter.

PMID- 6816513
TI  - Surgery in lung carcinoma. A 20-year experience with 576 patients.

PMID- 6816514
TI  - Successful removal of two unusual giant pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 6816515
TI  - Autotransplantation of pancreatic tail tissue to prevent carbohydrate metabolic
      disorder following total pancreatectomy. A case report with preliminary
      experience.

PMID- 6816516
TI  - Surgical treatment and late results in 1,226 colorectal cancer cases.

PMID- 6816517
TI  - Preliminary trial of ketamine anesthesia in war casualties.

PMID- 6816518
TI  - Mutagenic and teratogenic effects of anti-schistosomal praziquantel.

PMID- 6816519
TI  - Immunologic study of chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 6816520
TI  - Transnasosepto-sphenoidal approach to the hypophysis. A combined median incision
      over the dorsum and columella of the nose.

PMID- 6816521
TI  - Measurements for locating uterine cervices in normal females.

PMID- 6816523
TI  - Comparative study of the karyotype of ascites reticulum cell sarcoma in mouse.

PMID- 6816522
TI  - Sphygmogram analysis in 1,137 women.

PMID- 6816524
TI  - Reiter's syndrome. Clinical analysis of 22 cases.

PMID- 6816525
TI  - Radical resection of dorsolumbar vertebra and prosthetic replacement in giant
      cell tumor.

PMID- 6816526
TI  - [Influence of total parenteral alimentation on amino acid profiles in multiple
      injuries].

PMID- 6816527
TI  - Cytophotometric DNA determinations and autoradiographic studies in salivary gland
      nuclei from larvae with different karyotypes in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Cytophotometric DNA determinations in Feulgen stained mitotic diploid chromosome
      sets of neuroblasts from larvae of Drosophila melanogaster stocks, which possess
      different karyotypes, show significant differences between the 4C values, caused
      by an additional or deficient X- and Y-chromosome depending on the karyotype. The
      ranges of polytenic DNA size classes are theoretically expected to be doublings
      of the corresponding 4C mean value of each karyotype. The extinction integral
      data of nuclei with completely duplicated 4C quantities exclusively fall into the
      range of the expected size classes. Not all data falling into the range of a size
      class necessarily originate from duplicated nuclei, because the limits of the DNA
      size classes cannot be determined by measurements, but must be estimated from the
      confidence limits of the corresponding 4C mean value. The validity of the mitotic
      4C values of the karyotypes X/X and X/Y is tested using data from non-labeled
      interphase nuclei, where extinction integral data accumulate in two groups. The
      larger values (= G2-nuclei) confirm the 4C values of mitotic chromosome sets, and
      the lower values (= G1-nuclei) are just half of these. Extinction integrals from
      individual, 3H-thymidine non-incorporating polytene salivary gland nuclei
      accumulate in distinct, non-overlapping groups which are always complete
      doublings of the preceding smaller group. In each karyotype, the most frequent
      data of each group are in accord with the 4C doublings. The data from labeled
      nuclei alternate with those from unlabeled nuclei. The measured DNA values of
      individual polytene nuclei that did not incorporate any 3H-thymidine, demonstrate
      that all chromosomal DNA replicates completely during polytenization of the
      chromosomes in the larval salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster.
      Specifically, this would mean that the heterochromatic Y-chromosome replicates as
      well as the partially heterochromatic X-chromosome along with the autosomes.
      There is no indication of underreplicating heterochromatin.

PMID- 6816528
TI  - Transmission electron microscopic study of polytene chromosome 2R from Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for studying polytene chromosome squashes by
      transmission electron microscope (TEM) is described. This technique provides
      close correlation between the light microscopic image and the TEM image. Fine
      structures of the chromosomes are preserved. The band pattern of region 44 A to
      50 F of the chromosome 2 R has been analyzed and compared with Bridges' map
      (1935) and Lefevre's photographic representation (1976).

PMID- 6816529
TI  - Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. The conjunctive mechanism of the XY
      bivalent.
AB  - Chromosome pairing during meiosis I in D. melanogaster males was investigated
      ultrastructurally by examining complete bivalents in electron micrographs of
      serial thin sections. The XY bivalent is characterized by the presence of the
      unique material located between the two half-bivalents at the site of synapsis.
      The material has a fibrillar appearance and is less electron dense than the
      surrounding chromatin. XY bivalents in XYY males and XY bivalents containing the
      X chromosome, In (1) sc4LSC8R, where the pairing sites of the X chromosome are
      inverted and partially deleted also possess this material. The material is not
      associated with autosomal bivalents and may represent a morphological
      manifestation of the hypothetical cohesive elements (collochores) which are
      thought to function in conjunction of the X and Y chromosomes (Cooper, 1964).

PMID- 6816530
TI  - Heterochromatin markers: a search for heterochromatin specific middle repetitive
      sequences in Drosophila.
AB  - We sought for cloned sequences of middle repetitive (MR) complexity that mark
      obligatory heterochromatic regions. Total genome probes were employed in a
      differential screening procedure to recover X-specific, Y-specific and autosomal
      specific heterochromatic sequences. X-and Y-linked sequences were recovered in
      the same experiment. (Y-linked clones will be described elsewhere). All nine
      independent, non-identical X-specific clones were found to be partially
      homologous to one another and to type I rDNA insertion. No other X-specific Bam
      HI or HindIII clones were found. In situ hybridization to normal and inverted
      chromosomes revealed extensive homology in the heterochromatin spanning the
      nucleolus organizer (NOR) and the eu-heterochromatin junction. Eleven clones
      which are underrepresented in polytene chromosomes were selected in another
      differential screening. None was autosome-specific. Five were of nucleolar
      origin. Among them a presumptive type II 28SrDNA insertion sequence was clearly
      localized within the X-chromosome proximal heterochromatin in addition to the
      known localization of the X and Y nucleolar organizers. We mapped three clones to
      major sites on the Y chromosome and to secondary autosomal sites. The results are
      discussed with regard to the complexity of heterochromatin organization.

PMID- 6816531
TI  - Heterochromatin markers: arrangement of obligatory heterochromatin, histone genes
      and multisite gene families in the interphase nucleus of D. melanogaster.
AB  - Localization, as detected by in situ hybridization, of major heterochromatic
      blocks in interphase nuclei of larval brain and imaginal discs is reported. We
      conclude that the position of heterochromatic regions in interphase nuclei is
      correlated with their respective position in metaphase chromosomes and hence,
      independent of sequence recognition. Furthermore, chromocentral associations of X
      , Y- or autosomal-based heterochromatin are not formed in these cells. Homologues
      do align in close proximity, but heterochromatin plays no role in this
      arrangement. Heterochromatin, and probably nucleoli, establish their membrane
      links in situ, and have no prefixed recognition sites. The most intimate
      association between homologous repetitive sequences was found in the histone
      locus, but no tendency for clustering was found among loci of multisite
      euchromatic gene families.

PMID- 6816532
TI  - Deficiency mapping of the 93D heat-shock locus in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The 93D heat shock locus was mapped relative to an overlapping series of
      deficiencies of the 93D region by three criteria: the ability of the deleted
      chromosomes to puff at 93D, the ability of the deleted chromosomes to synthesize
      RNA from the 93D region after a temperature shift and the presence of heat shock
      RNA sequences at 93D as assayed by in situ hybridization. The results are
      essentially the same by all three criteria. Chromosomes with deficiencies that
      did not extend distal to 93D4 puffed and incorporated 3H-uridine after a
      temperature shift, and were labelled at 93D following in situ hybridization of
      heat shock RNA from tissue culture cells. All the other deficiency chromosomes
      tested failed to puff and to incorporate 3H-uridine following a temperature shift
      and did not show hybridization in this region after in situ hybridization with
      heat shock RNA. The heat shock locus was mapped to the overlapping region of
      Df(3R)eGp4 and Df(3R)GC14 just outside the inverted region of In(3R)GC23.

PMID- 6816535
TI  - [Heat sterilization of sewage sludge in a tuberculosis hospital].

PMID- 6816534
TI  - Circadian variations of blood gastrin under enteral and/or parenteral nutrition
      in a case of short bowel syndrome.
AB  - The study of the circadian variations of serum gastrin levels is reported in a
      patient after massive small bowel resection. Twenty-four hour continuous
      nutrition was administered intravenously, alone or with periods of enteral
      feeding and cimetidine. All samples of serum gastrin showed a marked elevation,
      362 +/- 112 pg/ml (N less than 100 pg/ml) and a circadian rhythm was detected in
      all conditions except with intravenous nutrition alone. Cimetidine shifted the
      peak time of serum gastrin level. These results are consistent with and
      endogenous rhythm of serum gastrin and a chronopharmacological action of
      cimetidine.

PMID- 6816533
TI  - Pleiotropic effects associated with the deletion of heterochromatin surrounding
      rDNA on the X chromosome of Drosophila.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome heterochromatin (Xh) constitutes the
      proximal 40% of the X chromosome DNA and contains a number of genetic elements
      with homologous sites on the Y chromosome, one of which is well defined, namely,
      the bobbed locus, the repetitive structural locus for the 18S and 28S rRNAs. This
      report presents the localisation of specific repeated DNA sequences within Xh and
      the employment of this sequence map in constructing new chromosomes to analyse
      the nature of the heterochromatin surrounding the rDNA region. Repeated sequences
      were located relative to inversion breakpoints which differentiate Xh
      cytogenetically. When the rDNA region was manipulated to be in a position in the
      chromosome so that it was without the Xh which normally surrounds it, the
      following observations were made. (i) The rDNA region of Xh is intrinsically
      heterochromatic, remaining genetically active and yet possessing major
      heterochromatic properties even in the absence of the flanking heterochromatin
      regions. (ii) The size of the deletion removing the portion of Xh normally
      located distal to the rDNA region affected the dominance relationship between the
      X and Y nucleolar organizers (activity/endoreduplication assayed in male salivary
      glands). The X rDNA without any flanking heterochromatin was dominant over Y rDNA
      while the presence of some Xh allowed both the X and Y rDNA to be utilized. (iii)
      Enhancement of the position effect variegation on the white locus was
      demonstrated to occur as a result of the Xh deletions generated. EMS mutagenesis
      studies argue that the regions of Xh flanking the rDNA region contain no vital
      loci despite the fact that they strongly effect gene expression in some
      genotypes. This is consistent with early studies using X-ray mutagenesis
      (Lindsley et al., 1960). The pleiotropic effects of deleting specific regions of
      Xh is discussed in relation to the possible influence of heterochromatin on the
      organisation of the functional interphase nucleus.

PMID- 6816536
TI  - [Experimental observation of the effects of low CO2 concentration on men].

PMID- 6816537
TI  - ["Tl" type L-amino acid mixture: its contents and nitrogen balance studies].

PMID- 6816538
TI  - [Orbital B-scan ultrasonography and computed tomography in 102 cases of
      unilateral exophthalmos].

PMID- 6816539
TI  - [Analysis of clinical and pathological diagnosis in 7 cases of metastatic
      carcinoma of the uvea].

PMID- 6816540
TI  - [Secondary orbital tumors originating from the paranasal sinuses--clinical and
      pathological analysis of 26 cases].

PMID- 6816541
TI  - [Orbital tumors--clinical analysis of 61 cases].

PMID- 6816542
TI  - [Clinico-pathological analysis of inverted follicular keratosis of the eyelid and
      eyebrows].

PMID- 6816543
TI  - [Immunosuppressive drug therapy of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor: a
      preliminary report].

PMID- 6816544
TI  - [Ultrasonic measurement of 265 normal eyes].

PMID- 6816545
TI  - [Examination of holes in retinal detachment (analysis of 1,575 cases)].

PMID- 6816546
TI  - [The oculocardiac reflex of children during extraocular muscle operation under
      general anesthesia (report of 60 cases)].

PMID- 6816547
TI  - [Optic neuritis in children: analysis of 58 cases].

PMID- 6816548
TI  - [Relationship of arcus senilis to blood cholesterol and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6816549
TI  - [An analysis of lacrimation during crying in 101 newborns].

PMID- 6816550
TI  - [Gonioscopic examination of eye contusion in 160 cases].

PMID- 6816551
TI  - [Behcet's disease: clinical analysis of 14 cases].

PMID- 6816552
TI  - [Clinical observation on ocular complications after administration of amiodarone
      in control of arrhythmias].

PMID- 6816553
TI  - [Occult temporal arteritis].

PMID- 6816554
TI  - [Quantitative test of color vision in healthy Chinese and genetic carriers of
      color deficiency].

PMID- 6816555
TI  - [Anterior chamber and eyelid paragonimiasis (report of 7 cases)].

PMID- 6816556
TI  - [Orbital cellulitis--analysis of 6 cases].

PMID- 6816557
TI  - [The virulence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for guinea pigs
      and experimental therapeutic effects of antitubercular agents on the animals
      infected by the resistant strains. I. The virulence of the resistant strains of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6816558
TI  - [The virulence of resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for guinea
      pigs and experimental therapeutic effects of antitubercular agents on the animals
      infected by the resistant strains. II. Experimental therapeutic effect on guinea
      pigs infected by resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6816559
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of tubercle bacilli affected by 16 drugs].

PMID- 6816560
TI  - [A medium supplemented by traditional chinese herb for rapid growth of tubercle
      bacilli--Bai Zhi (Angelica dahurica)-modified medium].

PMID- 6816561
TI  - Differences between surgical colorectal conditions seen in the temperate and
      tropical regions.
AB  - Geographic location of a population plays a significant role in the
      interpretation of symptoms of some diseases of the colon. Because diverticular
      disease of the colon is very rare in the tropics, frank rectal bleeding, which
      may be suggestive of bleeding diverticulosis when it occurs in a temperate
      region, is suggestive of a bleeding ileal typhoid ulcer eroding terminal branches
      of the superior mesenteric artery. Similarly, symptoms suggestive of ulcerative
      colitis in a temperate region are suggestive of amebic colitis in the tropics.
      Anatomic variation also plays a part in the nature of some disease processes. The
      high incidence of freely mobile cecum and ascending colon and the freely mobile
      redundant sigmoid colon, seen in a tropical population, play a part in the
      frequent occurrence of nontumid intussusception, relatively high incidence of
      sigmoid volvulus, and relatively high incidence of rectal prolapse seen in the
      area.

PMID- 6816562
TI  - Effect of a dietary protein deficiency on the development of hepatic drug
      metabolizing enzymes in young rats.
AB  - The effect of protein deprivation on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing
      enzymes was studied in young rats whose mothers had previously been on a protein
      restricted diet during pregnancy. Dietary protein deficiency (5% lactic casein as
      the protein source) lowered the amount of cytochrome P-450 and the activities of
      epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) (l-borneol as the
      substrate) by about 45, 63, and 48%, for the first 8 weeks, respectively.
      Interestingly, UDPGT estimated with p-nitrophenol as the substrate was far less
      affected than that estimated from l-borneol glucuronidation. This finding
      provides further evidence of the heterogeneity of UDPGT. Restoration of a
      balanced diet for 15 days following protein deprivation quickly restored
      cytochrome P-450 and enzyme activities to control values. Our experiments showed
      that the development of drug-metabolizing enzymes was changed more by the diet in
      young rats than in older rats. This could affect the toxicity of drugs that are
      normally metabolized by these pathways.

PMID- 6816563
TI  - More vigilance is needed during pregnancy.

PMID- 6816564
TI  - Diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6816565
TI  - [Risk of hepatitis from conventional pooled PPSB preparations].
AB  - The risk of hepatitis from prothrombin complex (pooled human clotting
      preparation) was retrospectively analysed. Of 39 patients who had undergone
      cardiac surgery, 22 (56%) developed hepatitis, while in those had not received
      pooled preparations the rate was only 5%. Although the proportion of multiple
      transfusions was significantly higher among the recipients of clotting
      preparations, it was found that the decisive hepatitis-inducing factor was the
      pooled preparation, not the transfusion blood. Contrary to earlier results, all
      cases were of the non-A, non-B type. The frequency of carriers of the causative
      virus is apparently not different from that with B virus. Thus both virus types
      must have occurred at similar frequency in earlier pooled clotting preparations.
      Since, furthermore, there seems to be no difference in their infectivity and
      their penetration in the population at large is likely to be similarly low,
      unrecognised double-infections in recipients of pooled clotting preparations were
      probably frequent before the introduction of recent methods of demonstrating
      hepatitis B.

PMID- 6816566
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic measures in congenital blood coagulation disorders].

PMID- 6816567
TI  - [The optically evoked orbicularis oculi reflex: method, normal values,
      habituation].
AB  - The optically evoked orbicularis oculi-reflex (OOR) was investigated in 50
      healthy volunteers by monocular and binocular stimulation, including eyes open
      and eyes closed. Latency, amplitude, and duration correlated considerably with
      the stimulus intensity. There was no significant correlation to the diameter of
      the pupil, provided that a constant supramaximal stimulus intensity was used. A
      statistically significant difference of the reflex parameters between males and
      females could not be demonstrated. In 12% of the healthy volunteers the optic
      orbicularis oculi-reflex could not be evoked. The mean age of these subjects was
      53 years, and distinctly higher than the mean age of the whole collective (32,6
      years). A slight, statistically not significant increase of latency and duration
      was found with increasing age. The optically evoked OOR even habituated rapidly
      during aperiodic stimulation. To prevent habituation interstimulus intervals of
      30 s were necessary. During the 1 Hz-stimulation habituation was already observed
      at the third reflex response. The amplitudes decreased, and the latencies
      increased with increasing distance of the flash light. Measurable differences
      were observed even with distance changes of 10 cm. There was no significant
      influence of eye-closing on latency, amplitude and duration of the optic
      orbicularis oculi-reflex. The orbicularis oculi-reflex following a bright flash
      of light with a latency about 50 ms was differentiated from an eyelid-closure
      following a low flash intensity with a latency between 80 and 90 ms.

PMID- 6816569
TI  - [Electromyographic signs of neurogenic involvement in hypokalemic paralysis as a
      result of diuretic abuse].
AB  - A female is reported, which showed motor and sensory disturbances following
      severe hypokalemia induced by abuse of diuretics. Elevated CSF-protein and
      abnormal neurographic findings with restitution after substitution with potassium
      led to the diagnosis of a neurogenic involvement like a Guillain-Barre syndrome.
      In the literature similar cases are described. So it seems, that beside of
      myopathic changes neurogenic disturbances can appear as a neurological symptom of
      hypokalemia.

PMID- 6816568
TI  - [Clinical aspects and neurophysiology of distal ulnar nerve paralysis].
AB  - The clinical and neurophysiological findings of 26 patients with distal lesions
      of the ulnar nerve area presented in relation to their etiology. A useful
      procedure for the neurophysiological examination of patients with suspected ulnar
      nerve lesion is described and the great value of sensory neurography for the
      localisation of lesion as well as for postoperative control is emphasized. A
      classification of distal ulnar nerve lesions in four types according to locus of
      lesion is proposed.

PMID- 6816571
TI  - [Neurophysiologic findings in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy
      (Binswanger disease)].
AB  - The subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy may be diagnosed intra vitam by
      CT. From the pathoanatomical point of view subcortical arteriosclerotic
      encephalopathy probably is related to cerebral small vessel disease, leading to
      lacunar state and white matter demyelination. Brainstem lacunes are rarely found
      by CT. But electrophysiological methods are easily employed to demonstrate
      brainstem dysfunction and demyelinating lesions. We now report our
      electrophysiological findings in 43 patients showing clinical and CT
      morphological signs of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. The latencies
      of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in 36% of these patients were found to be
      significantly different from those measured in healthy persons aged more than 65
      years. About 75% of the subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy patients had
      abnormalities of the electrically elicited blink reflex. In 26 patients blink
      reflex and VEP were examined. In only 6 of them the electrophysiological findings
      were normal.

PMID- 6816573
TI  - [Differentiation of 2 paroxysmal reaction types in the EEG after sleep
      deprivation].
AB  - In the EEG after sleep deprivation paroxysms with spikes and spike wave-complexes
      as well as paroxysms with slow waves can be seen. The paroxysms occur either
      spontaneously (it means at any time during the record) or at moments of shifting
      vigilance. These moments are characterized by sudden changes of the EEG frequency
      for instance by transition from one sleep stage to another. Paroxysms with spikes
      or spike wave-complexes occur mainly at the transition from lower to higher
      levels of vigilance and are accompanied by abnormal K-complexes and abnormal
      photosensibility. Paroxysms of slow waves occur mainly at the transition from
      higher to lower levels of vigilance, abnormal K-complexes and abnormal
      photosensitivity are lacking but in some cases the before diffuse abnormal EEG is
      improved after sleep deprivation. It assumed that we are dealing with two
      different types of reaction.

PMID- 6816570
TI  - [EEG changes in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria and a Schwartz
      Bartter syndrome (SIADH)].
AB  - A 24-year-old female with gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea and vomiting, had
      a convulsion with loss of urine and bitten lips on the 5th day of
      hospitalization. A significant decrease of sodium and potassium levels and
      lowered osmolality of the serum as well as urinary hyperosmolality permitted the
      diagnosis of the so-called syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release
      (SIADH) of unknown aetiology, described by Schwartz-Bartter. Twice short tests
      for porphyria were negative; then the elevated porphyrin precursors collected in
      24 h urine indicated the existence of an acute intermittent porphyria. A clinical
      follow-up and improvement were demonstrated by the EEG findings. Since animal
      experiments and pathohistological findings indicate that porphyrin metabolites
      such as delta-amino laevulinic acid and porphobilinogen may influence inhibitory
      and neurosecretory structures in central nervous tissue and interfere with GABA,
      cerebral hyperexcitability as well as disturbance of electrolytes may be
      explained. Finally, the question of whether the EEG changes are due to the
      significant electrolyte disturbances or are typical signs of acute intermittent
      porphyria is discussed.

PMID- 6816572
TI  - ["Epileptic" spiked vertex potentials in brief sleep after sleep reduction].
AB  - Patients with suspected seizure disorders frequently show graphoelements which
      can be interpreted as the expression of a disposition for epilepsy. These sharp
      vertex elements were evident in 54 out of 719 short term sleep recordings, more
      often in children than in adults. 49 times they coincided with typical epileptic
      discharges such as sharp waves, spikes or spike waves in the same recording.

PMID- 6816574
TI  - [EEG in newborn infants with intracranial hemorrhages: a comparison with clinical
      findings and CT scan].
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the EEG in neonates with
      intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and to correlate the EEG with clinical findings and
      the CT-scan. Thirty-eight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had EEG examinations. Repetitive sharp waves were
      present in IVH (48%) and also seen in SAH (33%). They did not differentiate
      between IVH and SAH, nor were they related to the grade of IVH. The repetitive
      character of these wave forms suggest that it may be a type of seizure discharge.
      The value of the EEG in neonatal ICH lies not in the diagnosis of ICH and its
      extend. This can be done much better with CT-scan and ultrasound. But the EEG is
      valuable in the recognition of electrical seizure activity which should lead to
      early anticonvulsive therapy. Depressed background EEG activity was seen in all
      non-survivors and in all children with major neurological damage. Normal
      background activity in spite of seizure discharge was favorable prognostic
      criterion. The prognosis depends on the gestational age, clinical findings and
      morphological changes. The EEG reflects the actual cerebral function and can add
      to a more differentiated prognostic evaluation.

PMID- 6816575
TI  - Intraovarian control of granulosa cell luteinization.
AB  - The entire ovarian follicle population is exposed to the same extraovarian
      hormonal environment, whereas only a select number of follicles ovulate. Local
      control of follicular maturation must, therefore, occur. Immature porcine
      granulosa cells will exhibit morphological and biochemical "luteinization" if
      cultured in the proper hormonal environment. This laboratory has investigated the
      role of follicular fluid factor in controlling this in vitro granulosa cell
      maturation. Follicular fluid from immature follicles inhibited LH hCG receptor
      induction and progesterone secretion in granulosa cell cultures. Fluid from
      mature follicles, however, exerted only a modest inhibition of LH hCG receptor
      induction and stimulated progesterone secretion. Estradiol-17 beta was inhibitory
      of progesterone secretion during early culture periods while stimulating LH hCG
      receptor induction. These studies demonstrate that follicular fluid environment
      may modulate granulosa cell maturation.

PMID- 6816576
TI  - Effect of vitamin E on function of pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats and human
      subjects.
AB  - The role of vitamin E in the endocrine system, in particular the pituitary
      gonadal axis, was studied in humans and male rats by examining the hormonal
      differences between vitamin E deficient and supplemented conditions. In vitamin E
      deficient rats, pituitary content and basal plasma level of FSH and LH were
      significantly lower than those of the control rats, but testicular content and
      basal plasma level of testosterone were not significantly changed. On the other
      hand, in vitamin E supplemented rats, FSH and LH content in pituitary tissue was
      significantly higher than that of the controls, but there was no significant rise
      in basal FSH and LH level in plasma. The testosterone level was significantly
      elevated in both testicular tissue and plasma. It was also demonstrated that
      basal plasma testosterone and F.T.I. were increased in normal male subjects
      following oral vitamin E administration and the responsiveness of plasma
      testosterone levels to HCG was significantly higher during vitamin E
      administration than before administration. These results suggest that vitamin E
      may play an important and potent role in hormone production in the pituitary
      gonadal axis in humans and rats.

PMID- 6816578
TI  - Normal brain distribution of carbamazepine in cat penicillin focal epilepsy.
AB  - Carbamazepine (CBZ) brain distribution was studied in cats rendered epileptic by
      penicillin topically applied on neocortex. CBZ penetration into the focus did not
      differ significantly from penetration into the other areas of the brain, with the
      drug rapidly entering the cerebral tissue (peak at 30 min). As no difference was
      found between CBZ brain concentrations at 15 and 90 min, substantial early
      binding of the drug was confirmed in this experimental model of epilepsy. As CBZ
      was able to decrease rapidly the spike frequency of the penicillin focus, it may
      be speculated that it was also able to prevent the metabolic alterations
      associated with severe epileptogenesis that would have caused an impaired CBZ
      brain distribution.

PMID- 6816577
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of prolactin in the decidualized human endometrium
      unassociated with pregnancy in vitro.
AB  - The effect of the decidualization induced by the administration of sex steroid
      hormones on the human endometrial PRL contents and the mechanism of synthesis and
      secretion of PRL in this decidualized endometrium of non-pregnant women were
      investigated. The PRL contents increased in proportion to the degree of
      decidualization. In vitro secretion of PRL in decidualized human endometrium was
      inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitors, while TRH, dopamine, and
      bromocriptine did not have any effects on PRL secretion in incubation
      experiments. These data suggest that the production and secretion of PRL in the
      human endometrium have no relation to the presence of conceptus, and furthermore,
      they are regulated by mechanism different from the pituitary PRL.

PMID- 6816579
TI  - Systemic interaction between valproic acid and free fatty acids in rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - The interaction between valproic acid (VPA) and free fatty acids (FFA) was
      investigated at a systemic level in eight rhesus monkeys. Intralipid emulsion
      (I.L.) was infused to increase plasma FFA levels. During I.L. treatment, plasma
      FFA levels were elevated in all cases (12 cases) with increases ranging from 38
      to 525% (median, 102%). Valproate free fraction (fp) was elevated in 11 of 12
      cases, with increases ranging between 7 and 100% (median, 18%). A positive
      correlation between the relative increase in FFA and the corresponding increase
      in fp of VPA was obtained. Intralipid infusion was associated with changes in the
      systemic clearance of VPA (an increase in five cases and a decrease in seven
      cases). The intrinsic clearance (Clint) of VPA was decreased in 9 of 12 cases
      with decreases ranging from 13 to 78% (median, 22%). Urinary excretion of
      valproate glucuronide was decreased in three of four monkeys during I.L.
      treatment. A significant positive correlation (p less than 0.05) between the
      relative increase in FFA levels and the decrease in Clint of VPA were also
      observed. The mechanism of interaction between VPA and FFA in rhesus monkey is
      more complex than a simple protein binding displacement and involves at least one
      metabolic inhibition component such as glucuronidation.

PMID- 6816580
TI  - Sodium valproate: monotherapy and polytherapy.
AB  - Of the 605 patients seen since 1973, 336 patients have been treated with sodium
      valproate (VPA) alone or in combination with drugs other than carbamazepine
      (CBZ). Of these 336, 240 have been on monotherapy, of whom 200 are seizure-free.
      Follow up has been longer than 3 years in 78%. Complete control of seizures has
      been achieved in more than 80% of patients with absence, myoclonic, and primary
      tonic-clonic seizures, in 72% of those with photosensitive epilepsy including
      eyelid myoclonia, and in 47% of partial epilepsies, for which carbamazepine was
      the initial drug of choice. Only 21% of those with myoclonic astatic epilepsy
      have become free from seizures. At first VPA was given twice daily, but in recent
      years it was given once daily, as this was more effective. Reasons for failure of
      VPA therapy are given. Side effects in 436 patients (100 more patients were added
      for this assessment only) were uncommon, though where they did occur, weight
      increase was the most frequent. Platelets were reduced without clinical problems.
      There were no severe hepatic disorders. Serum levels were assessed in seizure
      free patients, and the optimum level was between 60 and 120 mg/L (most patients
      received between 20 and 30 mg/kg). VPA was given during 30 pregnancies, and there
      was no evidence of teratogenicity on monotherapy. VPA is most effective in
      primary generalized epilepsy, especially if given as the sole antiepileptic drug.
      If the daily dose does not exceed 40 mg/kg or 2.5 g, it is singularly free from
      serious side effects.

PMID- 6816581
TI  - Study of agglutinins to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli in
      horses.
AB  - Horses at a veterinary teaching hospital and a slaughterhouse were surveyed for
      antibodies to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli. Four of the
      141 hospitalised horses and none of the 73 slaughtered horses had titres of 1:100
      or greater to B abortus. Six horses of both populations reacted to the card test.
      One was culture positive. A card test using B canis antigen was positive in 38
      per cent of the sera from hospitalised horses and all of the slaughtered horses.
      Twenty (27.4 per cent) of the latter group had high tires in a tube agglutination
      test. High titres could not be reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol serum treatment. The
      titres appeared to be associated with advanced age but not to sex. Adsorption of
      sera with B canis did not affect titres to A equuli but the reverse was true.

PMID- 6816582
TI  - Types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from horses.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from equine clinical material were categorised
      according to their serotype and phage type. Epidemiological evidence showed that
      serotypes 02a, 03, 04, 06, 09 and 010 were the cause of genital and non-genital
      infections; somatic type 03 accounted for 50 per cent of isolates. The laboratory
      tests used were of no value in predicting whether or not a particular isolate was
      likely to be a venereal pathogen, but all the serotypes encountered had the
      potential to be pathogenic, given a favourable environment in which to multiply.

PMID- 6816583
TI  - Serum-induced lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The sensitivity of 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (5 mucoid and 7 non-mucoid
      strains) to serum and the interaction of these strains with the complement system
      was studied. Five strains (4 mucoid and 1 non-mucoid strains) were lysed in 20%
      normal serum as measured by the release of radiolabelled material from 3H-adenine
      labelled bacteria. Three of these strains were also lysed in MgEGTA chelated
      serum. All strains activated complement via the classical pathway, and six
      strains were able to activate the alternative complement pathway as well. Slime
      production did not interfere with bacteriolysis and complement consumption.

PMID- 6816584
TI  - Influence of Escherichia coli on Streptococcus faecalis in mixed cultures and
      experimental animal infections.
AB  - Strains of Escherichia coli (four strains) and Streptococcus faecalis (three
      strains) randomly isolated from faecal samples were cultured together in vitro
      and in experimental animal infections in order to evaluate the interaction of
      these two species. Streptococcus faecalis was eliminated from mixed cultures and
      infections at population ratios of Escherichia coli to Streptococcus faecalis of
      10-100:1. The mechanism involved was probably an antibiotic substance produced by
      Escherichia coli which was antagonistic to Streptococcus faecalis. The substance
      appeared to be diffusible, water-soluble, of low molecular weight and insensitive
      to the protease trypsin. It was produced and remained active in vitro and in vivo
      and can probably be classified as a microcin.

PMID- 6816585
TI  - Opsonization and phagocytosis of mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains.
AB  - The interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (6 non-mucoid and 4 mucoid
      strains), serum factors and phagocytic cells was investigated. Strains were
      incubated in different concentrations of normal serum, chelated serum (with only
      the alternative complement pathway intact), IgG, Cls, C2 and C3 deficient serum
      and immune serum. After incubation complement consumption, C3 fixation and
      phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were measured. In contrast to
      normal serum, immune serum raised against a mucoid and a non-mucoid strain
      exhibited heat-stable opsonic activity. All ten Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
      were able to activate complement in 20% normal serum, leading to deposition of
      the activated form of the third complement component on the bacterial cell wall
      and to subsequent recognition and phagocytosis. One mucoid and four non-mucoid
      strains activated the alternative complement pathway and were effectively
      opsonized in chelated or in Cls, C2 or IgG deficient serum. Although mucoid
      strains were less able to activate complement via the alternative route, no
      differences were observed in opsonic requirements and phagocytosis between mucoid
      and non-mucoid strains.

PMID- 6816586
TI  - Anaerobic radiometric detection of facultative Gram-positive cocci in blood.
AB  - Radiometric detection of facultative gram-positive cocci, particularly
      streptococci, has been reported to be suboptimal. A recently marketed anaerobic
      Bactec bottle (7C) with purportedly improved capability to detect facultative
      gram-positive cocci in blood was compared with the previously available bottle in
      a study of simulated bacteremia. The Bactec system detected all beta-hemolytic
      streptococci and enterococci tested. Detection of alpha-hemolytic streptococci
      was improved in general. However, detection of Streptococcus mutans,
      Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus pneumoniae remained suboptimal under
      anaerobic conditions. A metabolic index unit threshold for positivity of 15 is
      recommended when employing the anaerobic Bactec bottle.

PMID- 6816588
TI  - Biosynthesis of blood-group I and i substances. Specificity of bovine colostrum
      beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide beta 1 leads to 4 galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Highly purified bovine colostrum beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta 1 leads to 4
      galactosyltransferase was used to investigate the galactosylation of the
      synthetic, branched trisaccharide GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to 3(GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to
      6)Gal, which is the branching point in blood-group I antigenic structures. Two
      galactose residues could readily be incorporated from UDP-galactose into the
      trisaccharide, yielding a pentasaccharide with the following structure: Galbeta 1
      leads to 4GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to 3(Galbeta 1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to
      6)Gal. From a partially completed incubation an intermediate tetrasaccharide was
      isolated, the structure of which was investigated by use of an acetolysis method,
      involving high-pressure liquid chromatography and double labelling techniques. It
      appeared that this intermediate consisted for more than 95% of one of two
      possible structures: GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to 3(Galbeta 1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta 1
      leads to 6)Gal. This reveals that the enzymatic galactosylation of the
      trisaccharide proceeds in a highly preferred order, in which the 1 leads to 6
      linked N-acetylglucosamine residue is galactosylated first and thus that the
      galactosyltransferase displays a high degree of 'branch specificity'. Kinetic
      data suggest that galactosylation of the 1 leads to 6-linked N-acetylglucosamine
      in the trisaccharide enhances the acceptor properties of the 1 leads to 3-linked
      N-acetylglucosamine residue.

PMID- 6816587
TI  - Ligand-binding studies on heavy riboflavin synthase of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Heavy riboflavin synthase is a complex enzyme consisting of three alpha subunits
      and approximately 60 beta subunits. Ligand-binding studies were performed with a
      variety of substrate and product analogues by analytical ultracentrifugation and
      by equilibrium dialysis. Nonlinear binding curves indicate the involvement of non
      equivalent binding sites which could be assigned to the alpha and beta subunits
      by comparison with light riboflavin synthase (subunit composition alpha 3) and
      with aggregates of isolated beta subunits. The beta subunit binding site shows a
      high degree of stereospecificity. Tightly binding ligands must have a ribityl
      side chain and a pyrimidine or pteridine moiety with polar substituents.

PMID- 6816589
TI  - A sensitive peptide mapping method. Identification of three amino acid
      substitutions within two anti-azobenzenearsonate monoclonal antibody light
      chains.
AB  - Peptide mixtures, precolumn-derivatized with dimethylaminoazobenzene
      isothiocyanate, have been separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography to generate a dimethylaminoazobenzene thiocarbamoyl peptide map.
      The eluted peptide derivatives are detected in the visible region with a
      sensitivity of 2-5 pmol and can be collected for direct structural analysis. This
      technique was applied to compare the sequence homology of two immunoglobulin
      light chains which were derived from two anti-azobenzenearsonate monclonal
      antibodies, namely 10K44-7A1 and 10K26-12A1. The complete variable region
      sequences of 10K44-7A1 and 10K26-12A1 light chains were established based on the
      sequence analysis of tryptic peptides, intact light chains and reference
      sequences obtained previously [Siegelman M. and Capra, J.D. (1981) Proc. Natl
      Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 7679-7683]. Altogether, three amino acid substitutions have
      been detected within complementary determining regions 1 and 2, and framework
      region 3, all requiring only a single base change at the DNA level. This new
      technique provides detection limits and the feasibility of analysing peptides
      which are not obtainable with conventional techniques.

PMID- 6816590
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in human
      and bovine milk.
AB  - Two hypothalamic peptide hormones, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
      and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), have been isolated from human milk and
      bovine colostrum. Acidified methanolic extracts, prepared from human milk, bovine
      colostrum and rat hypothalami, as well as synthetic LHRH and TRH markers were
      subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The eluates were tested
      for the presence of LHRH and TRH by specific radioimmunoassays. It was found that
      milk extracts contain significant amounts of LHRH (3.9 - 11.8 ng/ml) and TRH
      (0.16 - 0.34 ng/ml), which comigrate with the corresponding marker hormones and
      with those of hypothalamic origin. The HPLC-purified LHRH from both human and
      bovine milk was bioactive in a dose-response manner similar to synthetic LHRH.

PMID- 6816591
TI  - Analysis of the glycoproteins of murine tumour cell lines with 125I-concanavalin
      A in two-dimensional electrophoresis gels.
AB  - The combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and post-electrophoretic
      staining with 125I-labelled concanavalin A was used to compare the glycoproteins
      of murine tumour cell lines. Comparison between different cell lines showed that
      there were about eight common glycoproteins. The rest of the glycoproteins were
      generally unique to particular cells. Thus the P815 cell could be distinguished
      from 13 other murine cell lines by its glycoprotein pattern. The specific
      glycoproteins of each cell line were unaffected by culture in vivo, virus
      infection or hybridisation. Different clones from the same cell line gave
      identical patterns. Crude membrane preparations and glycoproteins purified from
      cell lysates by affinity chromatography on concanavalin/agarose gave the same
      patterns as whole cells. Thus the glycoproteins of murine tumour cells appear to
      be a stable characteristic which can provide specific markers for the
      identification of tumour cell lines.

PMID- 6816593
TI  - A study on p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. A
      convenient method of preparation and some properties of the apoenzyme.

PMID- 6816592
TI  - Purification and characterization of NADH dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - NADH dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis W23 has been isolated from membrane
      vesicles solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 by hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography on an octyl-Sepharose CL-4B column. A 70-fold purification is
      achieved. No other components could be detected with sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ferguson plots of the purified protein
      indicated no anomalous binding of sodium dodecyl sulphate and an accurate
      molecular weight of 63 000 could be determined. From the amino acid composition a
      polarity of 43.8% was calculated indicating that the protein is not very
      hydrophobic. Optical absorption spectra and acid extraction of the enzyme
      chromophore followed by thin-layer chromatography showed that the enzyme contains
      1 molecule FAD/molecule. The enzyme was found to be specific for NADH. NADPH is
      oxidized at a rate which is less than 6% of the rate of NADH oxidation. The
      activity of the enzyme as determined by NADH:3-(4'-5'-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)2,4
      diphenyltetrazolium bromide oxidoreduction is optimal at 37 C and pH 7.5-8.0. The
      purified enzyme has a Kapp for NADH of 60 microM and a V of 23.5 mumol NADH/min X
      mg protein. These parameters are not influenced by phospholipids. The enzyme
      activity is hardly or not at all affected by NADH-related compounds such as ATP,
      ADP, AMP, adenosine, deoxyadenosine, adenine and nicotinic amide indicating the
      high binding specificity of the enzyme for NADH.

PMID- 6816594
TI  - Thermoacidophilic archaebacteria contain bacterial-type ferredoxins acting as
      electron acceptors of 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases.
AB  - Thermoplasma acidophilum and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contain coenzyme A
      acylating 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases similar to those found in
      halophilic archaebacteria. A common feature of these enzymes is the formation of
      a free radical intermediate in the course of the catalytic cycle. The electron
      accepting ferredoxins and a similar protein from Desulfurococcus mobilis have
      been purified and characterized. In contrast to the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin of
      Halobacterium halobium, the ferredoxins of thermoacidophilic archaebacteria most
      likely contain two [4Fe-4S]2 + (2 + .1 +) clusters per molecule. Properties of
      these proteins are compared with respect to the evolution of archaebacteria.

PMID- 6816595
TI  - Human progastricsin. Analysis of intermediates during activation into gastricsin
      and determination of the amino acid sequence of the propart.
AB  - Human progastricsin was prepared from extracts of gastric mucosa by
      chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose. The amino acid compositions of
      progastricsin and gastricsin were determined and calculated on the basis of the
      molecular weights 38 000 and 32 000 respectively. The activation of progastricsin
      at pH 2 was investigated and monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 5.4.
      Two intermediates were observed. Determination of the amino acid sequence showed
      that the propart consists of 43 amino acid residues. A pronounced homology with
      other gastric zymogens was found. With the proenzyme amino acid residue numbering
      used previously [B. Foltman (1981) Essays in Biochemistry, 17, 52-84] the
      activation of progastricsin at pH 2 may be summarized as follows. The first
      cleavage occurs after Phe (p27). At pH 5.4 the peptide remains associated with
      the protein (intermediate I). Subsequent proteolysis removes the peptides from
      Leu (p28) to Leu (p45). At pH 5.4 the N-terminal peptide from progastricsin (p2
      p27) remains associated with gastricsin (intermediate II) until the propart
      peptide is hydrolysed to smaller fragments.

PMID- 6816596
TI  - Somatic antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of O-specific
      polysaccharide chains of P. aeruginosa O:3a, b and O:3a, d lipopolysaccharides.
AB  - On mild acid degradation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O:3a,b and O:3a,d
      lipopolysaccharides O-specific polysaccharides were isolated. Both
      polysaccharides were found to contain 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose,
      identified as fucosamine hydrochloride formed after hydrolysis with a very low
      yield. The other two components of the trisaccharide repeating unit, 2,3
      diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid and 2,3-(1-acetyl-2-methyl-2
      imidazolino-5,4)-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid, were identified without isolation
      in their free state directly in the course of structural investigation of the
      polysaccharides. Both these monosaccharides have never before been found in
      nature. Solvolysis of either O:3a,b or O:3a,d polysaccharides with liquid
      hydrogen fluoride resulted in the formation of the same trisaccharide, N
      acetylfucosamine residue being the reducing end. The structure of this
      trisaccharide, which is the repeating unit of both polysaccharides, was deduced
      from the results of successive chemical modifications and 13C-nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectra recorded for every oligosaccharide formed. As a result, the
      acidic diaminosugars were converted into 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannose
      indistinguishable from authentic sample. The O-specific polysaccharides O:3a,b
      and O:3a,d differed in the configuration of the glycosidic bond of N
      acetylfucosamine residue only and had the following structures: leads to
      4)DManImU(beta 1 leads to 4)DMan(NAc)2U (beta 1 leads to 3)DFucNAc(beta 1- leads
      to 4)DManImU(beta 1 leads to 4)DMan(NAc)2U (beta 1 leads to 3)DFucNAc(alpha 1-
      where DManImU = 2.3-(1-acetyl-2-methyl-2-imidazolino-5,4)-2, 3-dideoxy-D
      mannuronic acid, DMan(NAc)2U = 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid,
      DFucNAc = 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. The structures established were in
      agreement with optical rotations and assignments of all the signals in the 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the polysaccharides.

PMID- 6816597
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: quo vadis? A review of the
      recent literature.

PMID- 6816598
TI  - Coronary recanalization in acute myocardial infarction: immediate results and
      potential risks.

PMID- 6816599
TI  - Clinical course after attempted thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. Results of
      pilot studies and preliminary data from a randomized trial.

PMID- 6816600
TI  - The effect of intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase on myocardial
      thallium distribution and left ventricular function assessed by blood-pool
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 6816601
TI  - Oral bacteriotherapy in clinical practice. I. The use of different preparations
      in infants treated with antibiotics.

PMID- 6816602
TI  - Oral bacteriotherapy in clinical practice. II. The use of different preparations
      in the treatment of acute diarrhoea.

PMID- 6816603
TI  - Puberty in 24 patients with Klinefelter syndrome.

PMID- 6816604
TI  - C-reactive protein in cerebrospinal fluid. Lack of demonstration by double
      immunodiffusion.

PMID- 6816605
TI  - Cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
      of the spine. A case report.

PMID- 6816606
TI  - Correlation between genetic regulation of immune responsiveness and host defence
      against infections and tumours.

PMID- 6816607
TI  - Drugs and cerebral autoregulation.

PMID- 6816608
TI  - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow and cerebral venous
      blood gases. I. Observations in awake man during and following moderate blood
      pressure reduction.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral venous blood gases were studied in seven
      patients before, during and after intravenous sodium nitroprusside infusion. The
      133Xe intra-arterial injection method was used for the CBF measurements. A dose
      of sodium nitroprusside (mean 1.0 mg, mean infusion time 20 min), which reduced
      mean arterial blood pressure by a mean of 17%, resulted in a 13% decrease in CBF
      (P less than 0.05). Measurements obtained 5 and 20 min after termination of the
      sodium nitroprusside infusion showed no signs of a hyperaemic rebound effect.
      Arterial PCO2, metabolic rate of oxygen, arterio-venous oxygen difference and
      venous PO2 remained unchanged during and after infusion. It is concluded that
      sodium nitroprusside has a minor effect on cerebral haemodynamics, an effect that
      might be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 6816609
TI  - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow and cerebral venous
      blood gases. II. Observations in awake man during successive blood pressure
      reduction.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral venous blood gases were investigated in
      seven awake patients during hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside.
      Infusion of the drug into the internal carotid artery produced no changes in
      cerebral haemodynamics. Intravenous nitroprusside infusion resulted in a decrease
      in both CBF and jugular venous PO2 (P less than 0.01, respectively). Reducing
      mean arterial blood pressure by 18% and 43% produced a mean CBF fall of 6% and
      27% respectively. Arteriovenous oxygen difference increased in consonance with
      the CBF decrease (P less than 0.01). Arterial PCO2 fell during the infusion (P
      less than 0.01). At 18% blood pressure reduction, the observed PCO2 decrease of
      0.25 kPa could account for the 6% CBF decrease. At 43% blood pressure reduction,
      PCO2 fell by 0.53 kPa, a decrease which could not explain the observed CBF fall
      of 27%. Dizziness and incipient fainting occurred in the patients at this point.
      It is concluded that sodium nitroprusside has a minor but significant effect on
      cerebral haemodynamics in normal awake man.

PMID- 6816610
TI  - Platelets from diabetic subjects show diminished sensitivity to prostacyclin.
AB  - Prostacyclin, an unstable metabolite of arachidonic acid metabolism, has been
      shown to have potent platelet antiaggregatory and vasodilator activity. Available
      evidence suggests that arterial prostacyclin production is diminished in the
      diabetic state. In this study we have examined the sensitivity of platelets from
      diabetic subjects to the antiaggregatory effects of prostacyclin in vitro and
      report that platelets from some diabetic patients show diminished sensitivity to
      the antiaggregatory effects of prostacyclin. Thus diabetic subjects may not only
      have diminished prostacyclin production but also their platelets may be less
      sensitive to its effects. These findings may help to explain the increase in
      vascular disease observed in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6816611
TI  - Urinary excretion of bile alcohols in normal children and patients with alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency during development of liver disease.
AB  - Healthy infants and children were found to excrete bile alcohol glucuronides in
      urine. Following isolation and hydrolysis, the bile alcohols were estimated by
      capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The daily urinary excretion of the major
      compound, 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24 xi, 25 xi
      pentol (a C26 bile alcohol), ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 mumol/24 h per m2 body
      surface area for healthy infants and children. Two groups of patients with alpha
      1-antitrypsin deficiency (phenotype PiZ) were also studied during infancy and
      childhood, and biochemical liver function tests and liver morphology were
      compared to the excretion of bile alcohols. The highest excretion of the C26 bile
      alcohol in urine was found in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and
      juvenile cirrhosis (2.1-8.4 mumol 24 h-1 m-2) regardless of preceding neonatal
      cholestasis. Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, neonatal cholestasis
      and subsequent fibrosis or normal liver morphology excreted bile alcohols within
      the normal range. The C26 bile alcohol constituted an average of 36% of the total
      bile alcohols in forty-three urine samples. This percentage was about the same in
      the three groups studied. The findings suggest that determination of urinary bile
      alcohols may be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for patients with or at
      risk of developing liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6816612
TI  - The effect of lymphokines on proliferation and collagen synthesis of cultured
      human synovial cells.
AB  - Human mononuclear cell supernatants were obtained by incubating 3 X 10(6) cells
      per ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium at 37 degrees C for 24 h or 48 h,
      either in presence or absence of phytohaemagglutinin. After removal of intact
      cells, the supernatants were dialysed and diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10) again
      using the above medium. The diluted supernatants, containing a final
      concentration of 10% (v/v) human platelet-factor poor serum, were found to
      stimulate the proliferation of human synovial cells in culture and to increase
      both the total amount of collagen and the percentage of Type III collagen
      synthesized by these cells. Incubation of the mononuclear cells in presence of
      phytohaemagglutinin appeared to further enhance the stimulatory effects of the
      supernatants upon the synovial cells. Since activated mononuclear leucocytes such
      as lymphocytes and macrophages are present in rheumatoid synovia, this study
      suggests that factors released from activated mononuclear leucocytes may play an
      important role in the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial tissue and development
      of the pannus.

PMID- 6816613
TI  - Lack of correlation between endotoxaemia and renal hypoperfusion in cirrhotics
      without overt renal failure.
AB  - Renal involvement in patients with liver cirrhosis is characterized by renal
      vasoconstriction, the aetiology of which remains obscure. Endotoxaemia,
      frequently found in patients with liver cirrhosis and renal failure, has been
      emphasized as a pathogenic factor. In fifty-seven patients with liver cirrhosis
      without overt renal failure endotoxin plasma level (Limulus Lysate test), mean
      renal blood flow (MRBF) (133Xe washout technique), and effective renal plasma
      flow (ERPF) (p-aminohippurate clearance) were determined. MRBF was decreased in
      nineteen out of twenty-seven patients, averaging 1.88 +/- 0.51 ml g-1 min-1 (in
      fourteen controls 3.17 +/- 0.51 ml g-1 ml-1). ERPF was decreased in seventeen out
      of thirty patients, averaging 380 +/- 164 ml/min (in eighteen controls 624 +/-
      127 ml/min). Systemic endotoxaemia was found in sixteen out of fifty-seven
      patients, levels ranging from 0.62 to 200 ng/ml. No significant difference in
      renal blood flow values was found between patients with and without endotoxaemia
      (MRBF = 1.78 +/- 0.51 and 1.93 +/- 0.52 ml g-1 min-1 respectively; ERPF = 429 +/-
      119 and 365 +/- 175 ml/min respectively). No significant difference in the
      frequency of endotoxaemia was found between patients with impaired and unimpaired
      renal blood flow. Moreover no relation was found between endotoxin plasma levels
      and MRBF and ERPF respectively. In conclusion in patients with cirrhosis without
      overt renal failure renal vasoconstriction does not seem to be related to
      endotoxaemia.

PMID- 6816614
TI  - Reversal of decreased hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities after
      treatment of hypothyroidism.
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein concentrations, activities of hepatic lipase and lipoprotein
      lipase in post-heparin plasma, and the removal rate of exogenous triglyceride
      were measured in fourteen patients with severe primary hypothyroidism before and
      after 4 months substitution therapy with 1-thyroxine. Before treatment plasma LDL
      cholesterol concentrations were markedly increased while HDL cholesterol and
      plasma triglycerides were in the upper reference range. Thyroxine substitution
      led to a normalization of LDL cholesterol in all patients. Plasma triglycerides
      and HDL cholesterol decreased moderately. Hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase
      activities were initially reduced but increased significantly after treatment, by
      about 170% and 55%, respectively. The increase in hepatic lipase activities was
      significantly correlated to the increase in serum triiodothyronine levels and
      also to the reduction in LDL cholesterol concentrations. The decrease in LDL
      cholesterol was also significantly correlated to the increase in serum
      triiodothyronine concentration. In two patients initially treated with
      triiodothyronine, the activity of hepatic lipase, but not that of lipoprotein
      lipase, increased after 24 and 48 h, while LDL cholesterol levels decreased
      substantially. We suggest that the reduced activities of hepatic lipase as well
      as of lipoprotein lipase are important pathogenetic factors for the
      dyslipoproteinaemia occurring in hypothyroidism and that the low serum
      triiodothyronine concentration is of major importance for the alterations in
      lipid transport.

PMID- 6816615
TI  - Inhibition of drug metabolism by cimetidine in man: dependence on pretreatment
      microsomal liver function.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism was studied in six
      patients with normal liver and eleven patients with chronic liver disease using
      the aminopyrine breath test. Before administration of cimetidine, the elimination
      rate constant of 14CO2 from breath (Kb) was 28.3 +/- SD 1.3%/h in patients with
      normal liver and 13.5 +/- 7.7%/h in patients with liver disease (P less than
      0.001). After 7 days of cimetidine therapy (1 g/day) Kb decreased to 23.3 +/-
      5.2%/h (19.0 +/- 13.8% decrease; P less than 0.05) and 7.4 +/- 5.8%/h (50.5 +/-
      14.4% decrease; P less than 0.001), respectively. Plasma levels of cimetidine
      were not significantly different (1.05 +/- 0.14% micrograms/ml v. 0.88 +/- 0.41;
      P greater than 0.05). The findings indicate that therapeutic doses of cimetidine
      lead to an inhibition of drug metabolism which is more pronounced in patients
      with impaired liver function than in liver normals. Therefore, patients with
      chronic liver disease may be at increased risk with respect to interactions
      between cimetidine and other drugs which are demethylated by the liver.

PMID- 6816616
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and post-heparin
      plasma in primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia: relation to lipoprotein
      pattern and to obesity.
AB  - The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined from heparin eluates of
      adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and from post-heparin plasma of sixty-five
      males with hypertriglyceridaemia and of seventy males with normal serum lipid
      levels. The patients were subgrouped by their lipoprotein concentrations into
      types 2b, 4 and 5. The mean LPL activity of adipose tissue (per tissue weight) of
      nonobese type 2b, 4 and 5 patients was reduced to 54%, 41% and 13%, respectively,
      of the corresponding value of normolipidaemic men. On the other hand, among obese
      hyperglyceridaemic men only those with type 5 showed a decreased LPL activity in
      adipose tissue (44%). The mean skeletal muscle LPL was subnormal in nonobese type
      4 (55%) and in type 5 patients (34%) but was normal in type 2b and in obese type
      4 patients. The post-heparin plasma LPL activity was significantly reduced in all
      nonobese hyperglyceridaemic groups but was normal in obese patients apart from
      cases with type 5 who had low values. One exceptional subject with type 5 had
      high post-heparin plasma LPL activity. It is concluded that a low LPL activity
      may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridaemia in nonobese
      subjects and in patients having type 5 disorder.

PMID- 6816617
TI  - Use of stable labelled carbamazepine to study its kinetics during chronic
      carbamazepine treatment.
AB  - The kinetics of carbamazepine using stable labelled 15N-carbamazepine was studied
      in 4 epileptic patients who had been treated with it for at least 6 months. There
      was a decrease in half-life (12.3 +/- 0.8 h) and an increase in total plasma
      clearance (58.0 +/- 6.5 ml/min) as compared to single dose studies, which provide
      further evidence that carbamazepine induces its own metabolism during long-term
      treatment. Analysis of the urinary metabolites indicated induction of the epoxide
      trans-diol pathway. Predicted and observed steady-state plasma levels were in
      good agreement, thus demonstrating that the use of stable labelled drugs is a
      useful technique to elucidate changes in kinetics and metabolism which may occur
      in patients during long-term treatment.

PMID- 6816618
TI  - Absorption of penicillin and paracetamol after small intestinal bypass surgery.
AB  - Drug absorption was studied in morbidly obese patients before and after
      jejunoileal bypass. The absorption of phenoxymethyl penicillin was considerably
      increased whilst that of paracetamol was unchanged.

PMID- 6816619
TI  - The influence of free fatty acids on valproic acid plasma protein binding during
      fasting in normal humans.
AB  - The effect of physiologic variations of free fatty acid levels on in vivo
      valproic acid plasma protein binding was studied in 6 healthy adult subjects. 14
      blood samples were taken during a 12-h dosing interval at steady state while in a
      fed condition and also during a 27 h fast. Free fraction and total valproate
      concentration were determined by equilibrium dialysis and GLC, respectively. Free
      fatty acid levels were determined from both fresh samples and samples incubated
      at 37 degrees C for 12 h, the latter in order to simulate equilibrium dialysis
      conditions. Fasting resulted in increased serum free fatty acid levels in all
      subjects, ranging from 34-182% (p less than 0.01). Incubation also caused free
      fatty acid levels to rise, more so in fed samples (50-87%, p less than 0.01) than
      in fasting samples (10-50%, p less than 0.01). Fasting resulted in a 9% increase
      in the mean free fraction for all subjects combined (P less than 0.01).
      Regression analysis of 180 sets of values for free fraction, total valproate
      concentration and free fatty acid level suggested that valproate concentration
      accounts for 17% and free fatty acid level for 37% of the variation in free
      fraction. Mean clearance was unchanged by fasting despite an increased free
      fraction suggesting decreased intrinsic clearance (i.e. decreased metabolism) of
      valproate under these conditions.

PMID- 6816620
TI  - Biosynthesis of murine immunoglobulin D: heterogeneity of glycosylation.

PMID- 6816621
TI  - Nature of the antigenic complex recognized by T lymphocytes. IX. Direct
      immunochemical demonstration of nominal antigen on the macrophage cell surface.
AB  - As an initial approach to macrophage (M phi) antigen handling, guinea pig M phi
      pulsed with the radiolabeled terpolymer L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-tyrosine
      (GLT) were modified with the cell surface-specific probe 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid either immediately after pulsing (fresh) or 24 h
      after pulsing (aged); nonidet P-40 extracts were prepared from these cells and
      analysis of these extracts with anti-trinitrophenyl antisera was performed in a
      quantitative radioimmunoassay. Such experiments indicated that fresh GLT-pulsed M
      phi contained a pool of intracellular GLT as well as a distinct pool of cell
      surface GLT. In contrast, aged GLT-pulsed M phi lacked intracellular GLT but
      expressed GLT on the cell surface. In addition, a pool of cell surface GLT was
      also detected on Ia-M phi and on M phi from guinea pigs which were nonresponders
      to GLT. Thus, this study provides a direct demonstration of the presence of
      exogenous antigen on the M phi cell surface. However, the cell surface expression
      of GLT does not appear to be an exclusive property expressed by functional Ia+
      antigen-presenting M phi.

PMID- 6816622
TI  - Selective killing of fibroblast-like cells in cultures of mouse heart cells by
      treatment with a Ca ionophore, A23187.

PMID- 6816623
TI  - Sugar cataracts in vitro: implications of oxidative stress and aldose reductase
      I.

PMID- 6816625
TI  - Induction of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells by inhibitors of DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - The HL-60 human leukemic promyelocyte can be induced to mature into terminally
      differentiated cells using certain nucleosides and chemotherapeutic agents. The
      mechanisms responsible for this induction of differentiation, however, remain
      unclear. We have monitored the effects of two specific inhibitors of DNA
      synthesis to determine whether slowing of DNA polymerization can induce HL-60
      differentiation. The results demonstrate that cytosine arabinoside (ara-C)
      induces nonspecific esterase activity in HL-60 cells and increases surface
      expression of the monocyte antigen MY-4. The results also demonstrate that
      aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase which is not incorporated in DNA,
      induces similar phenotypic changes. The induction of differentiation by both
      agents was accompanied by loss of clonogenic potential as monitored by colony
      formation in methylcellulose. These observations suggest that terminal
      differentiation of HL-60 cells can be induced by drugs known to inhibit DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 6816624
TI  - Nutritional support in marrow graft recipients with single versus double lumen
      right atrial catheters.
AB  - To determine the comparative efficiency of single and double lumen right atrial
      catheters, marrow transplant recipients were evaluated during a 26-month period
      retrospectively. Calories and protein infused as a percent of the amount ordered
      was calculated by week from initiation of total parenteral nutrition through day
      28 posttransplantation. Data from 1979 reflected initial technical difficulties,
      showing no significant difference between groups. Patients with double lumen
      catheters received significantly greater (P less than 0.05) calories during the
      first 3 weeks after transplant in 1980 and 1981. A similar trend was seen in
      protein infusion. A significantly greater proportion of patients with double
      lumen catheters received at least 90% of the ordered total parenteral nutrition
      during the first 3 weeks after transplant in both years. These results suggest
      that the ability to infuse total parenteral nutrition in ordered amounts can be
      accomplished using the double lumen catheter.

PMID- 6816626
TI  - Long-term effects of a tube extension on bronchodilator treatment with
      pressurized aerosol.
AB  - The long-term effects of a tube extension to the terbutaline sulphate aerosol
      were studied in 23 patients. The trial was of open, randomised, cross-over
      design, and compared the ordinary actuator with the tube extension over two 3
      week periods. Lung function before and after bronchodilator was measured at the
      start of the trial, at the treatment cross-over and at the end of the trial. The
      mean baseline FEV1 value obtained following 3 weeks of treatment with the tube
      extension was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that following
      treatment with the ordinary actuator. Treatment with the latter, however,
      produced significantly greater FEV1 values than at the start of the trial (P less
      than 0.05). At home, the patients recorded symptoms daily, as well as PEF each
      morning and evening. With the tube extension, the increase in PEF was
      significantly larger (P less than 0.05) than with the ordinary actuator. There
      were no differences with regard to symptom score.

PMID- 6816628
TI  - Protein synthesis by developing plastids isolated from Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6816629
TI  - Nuclear glycogen synthase--fact or artifact?
AB  - According to Oron et al. [FEBS Lett. (1980) 118, 255-258], nuclear glycogen
      synthase represents an artifact of preparation in rat liver nuclei. We
      investigated the nuclei isolated from in vitro growing HD33 ascites cells with
      exclusively cytoplasmic, and from in vivo growing HD33 Ehrlich-Lettre ascites
      tumor cells with mainly intranuclear, glycogen deposition. Biochemical and
      ultracytochemical analyses revealed the complete absence of any contamination of
      the isolated nuclei by cytoplasmic glycogen particles and associated glycogen
      synthase activity. The glycogen synthase residing in isolated nuclei of in vivo
      growing HD33 ascites tumor cells represents a truly nuclear enzyme activity.

PMID- 6816627
TI  - A decrease of cytosol estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus as a result of
      treatment of neonatal rats with glutamate.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether the neuroendocrine dysfunctions
      of rats treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate (MSG) could be related to a
      loss of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors. Female rats treated with MSG as neonates
      were ovariectomized as adults and killed by decapitation 2 or 3 weeks after
      ovariectomy. Body, gonadal and anterior pituitary gland weights in MSG-treated
      rats were depressed when compared to that seen in their littermate controls.
      Serum prolactin concentration was elevated in the MSG-treated rats. Serum
      luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration was significantly lower in MSG-treated
      rats than in controls at 2 weeks, but not at 3 weeks after ovariectomy,
      suggesting a sluggish postovariectomy rise of serum LH concentration. Serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration was not altered by the MSG
      treatment. The concentration of cytosol estrogen receptors in the anterior
      pituitary gland was similar to that of controls, but hypothalamic concentration
      of estrogen receptors decreased as a result of the MSG treatment. After
      dissection of different hypothalamic regions, it was found that the greatest
      depletion of the cytosol estrogen receptors occurred in the arcuate-median
      eminence region. The results raise the possibility that some reproductive
      impairments of MSG-treated rats could stem from a decrease in cytosol estrogen
      receptors in the arcuate-median eminence region.

PMID- 6816630
TI  - Isolation and NH2-terminal sequence of a novel porcine anterior pituitary
      polypeptide. Homology to proinsulin, secretin and Rous sarcoma virus transforming
      protein TVFV60.
AB  - An Mr 21 000 polypeptide, designated APPG, has been purified by reverse-phase,
      high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), from acid extracts of porcine
      anterior pituitary glands. This acidic protein possesses an isoelectric point of
      4.9. Amino acid analysis shows that it is not a glycoprotein and estimates it to
      contain about 173 amino acids. NH2-terminal sequence analysis allowed the
      determination of the first 50 residues unambiguously. A computer data bank search
      using a mutation data matrix and comparison with 269 012 protein segments
      indicated that this is a novel polypeptide sequence. However, this search
      revealed suggestive sequence homologies to a number of peptides of known
      sequence, including duck proinsulin (30%), Rous sarcoma virus transforming
      protein TVFV60 (24%) and pig secretin (26%).

PMID- 6816631
TI  - Rat liver plasma membranes contain a lipid-dependent protein kinase activity.
AB  - The treatment of rat liver plasma membranes with EDTA resulted in substantial
      release of a protein kinase activity. Using histones as external substrates both
      phosphatidylserine (PS) and diolein activated the enzyme. The activatory effect
      of PS but not that of diolein depended on Ca2+. In contrast, the enzyme activity
      was inhibited by both PS and diolein when the substrate was protamine. The
      inhibition by PS, unlike by diolein, depended on Ca2+. Data suggest that
      mobilization of plasma membrane-bound Ca2+ by physiological stimuli may be
      accompanied by release of the lipid-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6816632
TI  - Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in human platelets: Ca2+ thresholds and Ca-independent
      activation for shape-change and secretion.
AB  - Cytoplasmic free [Ca2+], [Ca2+]i, was measured in human platelets using the
      intracellularly-trapped, fluorescent indicator quin2. Basal [Ca2+]i with the Ca2+
      -ionophore ionomycin revealed apparent thresholds for shape-change, 5-HT release
      and aggregation of approx. 0.5 microM, 0.8 microM and 2 microM. Thrombin raised
      [Ca2+]i to 3 microM fast enough for the Ca2+ to have triggered the cell
      activation. However, thrombin released more 5-HT than ionomycin could, and in
      Ca2+ -free medium thrombin evoked shape-change and secretion even when [Ca2+]i
      remained near basal levels throughout, suggesting the existence of alternative
      triggers for shape-change and secretory exocytosis.

PMID- 6816633
TI  - Evidence for the presence of highly phosphorylated nucleotides in the
      cyanobacterium Tolypothrix sp.

PMID- 6816634
TI  - [Formation of diencephalo-cortical relations in vertebrate phylogeny].

PMID- 6816635
TI  - [Antihypoxic effectiveness of alimentary fasting].
AB  - The effect of 14-day alimentary fasting on duration of cats stay at the 12-km
      "altitude" (till a respiratory standstill up to 10 sec) was studied as well as on
      writing performance of volunteers breathing with nitrogen mixture. The fasting
      increased the stay duration by more than a factor of 2 under the conditions of
      acute hypoxia in these functional tests. With subsequent feeding, the acquired
      resistance to hypoxia disappeared. The main physiological mechanisms responsible
      for the high antihypoxia efficiency of the alimentary fasting seem to involve a
      decrease of oxygen consumption in the organism and its delayed release under
      acute hypoxia.

PMID- 6816636
TI  - Immunogenicity of cyclophosphamide-treated leukaemia cells.
AB  - The median survival time of DBA/2Wf or CD2F1 hybrid mice increased after
      administration of 10(3) cells of lymphoid leukaemia L 1210 when the recipient
      mice were injected earlier with L 1210 cells pretreated in vivo with
      cyclophosphamide. To achieve this effect, at least 10(5) cells treated with
      cyclophosphamide should be used per mouse. This effect was immunologically
      specific and could not be induced by L-1 cells treated with cyclophosphamide, and
      was transferable by means of splenocytes. Such immunoprophylaxis was efficient
      for at least 100 days. Attempts at immunoprevention by means of the same cells
      treated with mitomycin C or killed by osmotic shock were unsuccessful.

PMID- 6816637
TI  - Control of vitamin A deficiency in the in the Philippines--a pilot project.

PMID- 6816638
TI  - Child malnutrition and deprivation--observations in Guatemala and Costa Rica.
AB  - Traditional populations consisting of small tribal groups living in close contact
      with nature may be virtually free from endemic malnutrition owing to the relative
      absence of infectious diseases. Transition toward modern ways of life and
      population growth, leading to crowding and underdevelopment, favours endemic
      malnutrition due to the interaction of malnutrition and infection. Although
      important features of the traditional culture--breast-feeding, protective child
      rearing--may remain intact, they are not enough, and such populations exhibit
      high rates of infectious disease, malnutrition and premature death. In modern
      industrialized societies, malnutrition often appears related to child abuse and
      neglect. Organic and metabolic forms are observed but social pathology appears to
      be the main determinant of most malnutrition observed. Prevention and control of
      malnutrition requires improvement of the environment and interventions applied in
      a holistic manner. Emphasis should be given to education and maternal technology,
      and to promotion of mother-infant interactions, breast-feeding, adequate weaning
      procedures and detection of factors that may lead to child deprivation and abuse.
      Improvement is feasible for most developing nations if social forces become
      conscious of the needed changes, but positive elements of traditinal culture
      should be preserved.

PMID- 6816639
TI  - [Kallidinogenase treatment of fertility disorders in the male].

PMID- 6816640
TI  - The prostaglandin synthase inhibiting ability of maternal plasma and the onset of
      human labor.
AB  - Using an enzyme incubation-radioimmunoassay technique we have cross-sectionally
      studied the prostaglandin synthase inhibiting ability of plasma in relation to
      human pregnancy. The inhibitory potency of human plasma did not change with the
      onset of pregnancy, at parturition or during the puerperium. A significant
      decrease in potency did occur however in the third trimester of pregnancy. This
      preparturient decrease raises the possibility of a role in the onset of human
      labor for the factor(s) causing the inhibition.

PMID- 6816641
TI  - Glycogen metabolizing enzyme activities in the developing rat liver.
AB  - 1. The glycogen content of rat liver increased prenatally and dramatically
      decreased after the birth. 2. Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase
      activities increased prenatally, declined at 12 hr after birth and then again
      increased. 3. Phosphorylase kinase activities did not significantly change
      prenatally but steadily increased after the birth. 4. Protein kinase activities
      (units/mg liver) did not change prenatally but slightly increased after the
      birth. 5. Phosphoprotein phosphatase activities using phosphorylase a and histone
      as substrates dramatically increased at birth and then decreased after 24 hr of
      the birth.

PMID- 6816642
TI  - Elevated factor VIII activity and factor VIII-related antigen in diabetic
      children without vascular disease.
AB  - Factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C) and factor VIII-related antigen (VIII
      R:Ag) were studied in 86 insulin-dependent diabetic children. All children were
      without signs of vascular disease based on a negative funduscopy, negative
      fluorescein angiography, normal serum creatinine levels, and absence of
      proteinuria. Age ranged from 4 to 17 yr; duration of clinical diabetes ranged
      from 1 to 12 yr. The children were grouped according to their urinary sugar
      excretion, the HbA1 levels, and the duration of clinical diabetes. The group with
      high urinary sugar excretion and the group with high HbA1 levels had a
      significantly higher VIII C than the group with low urinary sugar excretion and
      the group with low HbA1 levels. VIII C levels did not differ significantly in the
      groups with a different duration of clinical diabetes, but VIII R:Ag was
      significantly higher in the group with the longest duration of diabetes as
      compared with the group with the shortest duration. VIII R:Ag levels did not
      differ significantly in the groups with different degrees of urinary sugar
      excretion or different HbA1 levels. The results show that in children without
      vascular disease, and even in children with a short duration of diabetes,
      alterations of the factor VIII complex can be demonstrated.

PMID- 6816643
TI  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of high-density lipoprotein accelerates its catabolism
      in guinea pigs.
AB  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of lysine residues of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      was shown to occur in vitro. Most of the incorporated glucose was localized to
      apoprotein A-I, but other apoproteins were glucosylated as well. Glucosylated
      high-density lipoproteins (glcHDL) had enhanced electrophoretic mobility on
      agarose. With increasing amounts of glucose incorporated there was a
      proportionate increase in the rate of clearance of glcHDL when injected
      intravenously into guinea pigs. When 60% of lysines were derivatized, clearance
      of glcHDL was 60% faster than that of control HDL. When as few as 2% of lysines
      were glucosylated, there was still an 8% increase in the rate of clearance.
      Uptake of glcHDL by macrophages was not increased. The accelerated clearance of
      glcHDL from plasma may be relevant to the decreased HDL levels observed in
      diabetic subjects.

PMID- 6816644
TI  - Plasma prostaglandin levels in rats with diabetes mellitus and diabetic
      ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6816645
TI  - Lens capsule basement membrane synthesis. Stimulation by glucose in vitro.
AB  - To examine the question of whether hyperglycemia per se can affect basement
      membrane synthesis, intact rat lenses, which produce basement membrane in vitro,
      were incubated for 24 h with radioactive proline or lysine and varying
      concentrations of glucose. Lens capsule basement membrane (LCBM) was subsequently
      purified and analyzed for radiolabel incorporation and for specific activities of
      proline, hydroxyproline, lysine, and hydroxylysine. [14C]-proline and lysine
      incorporation into LCBM was increasingly stimulated in incubations performed with
      10 and 20 mM compared with 5 mM glucose. High glucose concentration increased the
      specific activity of proline and lysine but not hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine,
      and decreased the ratio of radioactive hydroxyproline to proline. Gel
      electrophoresis of radiolabeled LCBM prepared after high glucose incubation
      revealed increased radioactivity in serveral high-molecular-weight components
      corresponding with the major Coomassie-blue peptide bands. The results indicate
      that glucose stimulates LCBM synthesis, and suggest that this effect derives from
      increased production of noncollagenous components.

PMID- 6816646
TI  - A mechanism of susceptibility to mucormycosis in diabetic ketoacidosis:
      transferrin and iron availability.
AB  - The defect in host defense that makes the diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA) patient
      susceptible to mucormycosis has not been identified. Sera from 10 DKA patients
      and three normal volunteers were tested for their capacity to support the in
      vitro growth of a common etiologic agent of mucormycosis, Rhizopus oryzae. After
      equilibration with room air none of the normal or DKA sera, each of which was now
      extremely alkaline, supported growth of R. oryzae. When the sera were placed in a
      CO2 atmosphere that permitted simulation of the in vivo clinical pH (normal 7.40
      and DKA 7.3-6.6), four of seven DKA sera supported profuse fungal growth. No
      growth occurred in normal serum. The three DKA sera that did not support fungal
      growth at pH less than or equal to 7.3 contained less iron (x = 13 micrograms/dl)
      than the four sera that supported profuse fungal growth (x = 69 micrograms/dl).
      Increasing the iron content of iron-poor DKA serum that did not support R. oryzae
      growth allowed profuse growth at acidotic conditions but not at pH greater than
      or equal to 7.4. Simulated acidotic conditions (pH  7.3-6.6) also decreased the
      iron-binding capacity of normal serum stepwise from 266 micrograms/dl to 0. Our
      data indicate that acidosis temporarily disrupts the capacity of transferrin to
      bind iron and suggest that this alteration abolishes an important host defense
      mechanism that permits growth of R. oryzae.

PMID- 6816647
TI  - epsilon-Amino-lysine-bound glucose in human tissues obtained at autopsy. Increase
      in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The level of nonenzymatically epsilon-lysine-bound glucose (NEBG) of tissue
      proteins obtained at autopsy has been determined with a specific method recently
      described. The mean values expressed as nmol lysine-bound glucose per mumol
      phenylalanine were 34 for tendon, 13 for aorta, 16 for coronary artery, 23.5 for
      femoral nerve, 10 for glomerular basement membrane, and 30 for lung parenchyma
      for tissues from nondiabetics and 86, 39.5, 34, 60, 29, and 57 for tissues form
      diabetics, respectively. NEBG was below detection limit in skeletal muscle from
      either nondiabetic or diabetic subjects. Tendon and aorta NEBG levels correlated
      well with those from other tissues (r = 0.8-0.94, except r = 0.68 for glomerular
      basement membrane). A fairly good correlation was also found when NEBG of aorta
      was compared with the mean blood sugar level determined during the last weeks of
      hospitalization. Finally, an arbitrary index of diabetic late complication was
      compared with NEBG of aorta. There appears to be a tendency of an increase of the
      index of complications along with an increase in tissue glucosylation. The
      possible role of nonenzymatic glucosylation in the long-term complication of
      diabetes is discussed.

PMID- 6816649
TI  - Technology abounds: justify purchases.

PMID- 6816648
TI  - Sensitivity of the oxyntic and peptic cells to pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer
      patients and healthy subjects with similar secretory capacity.
AB  - The acid and pepsin responses to increasing doses of i.v. pentagastrin (0.01,
      0.02, 0.1, 2.0 and 8.0 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were determined by gastric
      aspiration in 15 male duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 11 male age-matched
      healthy controls (C). The lowest dose was infused for 60 min, the doses were then
      increased every 45 min. The stomach was continuously perfused with saline. Phenol
      red as marker showed an average loss of 8.4 +/- 1.4% in the DU and 10.0 +/- 1.4%
      in the C. Basal acid secretion and the dose-response (DR) curve for acid output
      (corrected for basal) did not differ for DU and C. The dose (D50) producing half
      the observed maximal acid response (MR), the calculated MR and calculated D50 was
      the same in DU and C. Similar results were obtained for pepsin secretion. The
      ratio of pepsin to acid secretion did not differ for DU and C. It is concluded
      that the sensitivity of the oxyntic as well as the peptic cells do not differ in
      DU and C with similar secretory capacity.

PMID- 6816650
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobins and the oxygen affinity of whole blood.
AB  - The pO2 at which haemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen (p50) was determined
      at fixed pCO2 (45 mmHg) and without altering the resulting pH and the level of
      organic phosphates in heparinized whole blood samples from 26 diabetic patients
      and 24 normal subjects of both sexes. Diabetic blood p50 was higher (29.79 +/-
      1.68 versus 28.26 +/- 1.16 mmHg, p less than 0.001) and with a higher 2,3
      diphosphoglyceric acid/haemoglobin molar ratio (1.04 +/- 0.15 versus 0.86 +/-
      0.10, p less than 0.001). The pH at a pCO2 of 45 mmHg was the same in the two
      groups. The observed p50 values were compared with those obtained after
      normalization in respect to pH and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. We
      conclude that glycosylated haemoglobins, known to have an increased affinity for
      oxygen when purified and in diluted solutions, do not play a significant role in
      the oxygen affinity pattern of diabetics at the concentrations normally found in
      vivo.

PMID- 6816651
TI  - Insulin binding and activation of glycogen synthase in fibroblasts from Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - 125I-Insulin binding and insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase were examined
      in fibroblasts cultured from nine Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
      with age of onset of less than 42 years. In all cases specific insulin binding
      was qualitatively and quantitatively normal. Total 125I-insulin binding was
      elevated in cells from three patients with early onset diabetes (two with onset
      before age 1 year) due to an increase in 'non-specific' binding. When the ability
      of insulin to stimulate the conversion of the glucose-6-phosphate dependent to
      the glucose-6-phosphate independent form of glycogen synthase was measured, all
      cell lines responded, albeit to differing degrees. In general, the response of
      cells from diabetic donors was more variable than that of control fibroblasts. A
      slightly lower level of cellular glycogen was evident in the cells of the
      diabetic patients, and this was mirrored in slightly higher levels of the
      independent form of the enzyme. The average maximal level of the independent form
      of the enzyme also was higher in the diabetic patients' cells. Fibroblasts from
      one of the patients with very early onset diabetes had glycogen synthase levels
      that were markedly lower than in any other cell line examined. In summary,
      fibroblasts cultured from Type 1 diabetic patients do not show major defects in
      either insulin binding or action. A suggestion of subtle differences in the cells
      from the diabetic patients, particularly those with very early onset, is evident,
      however. Whether these are secondary to some primary genetic defect or represent
      some selection during culture remains to be determined.

PMID- 6816655
TI  - [Cholestasis during total parenteral nutrition: demonstration of facilitating
      factors; association with gallbladder lithiasis].

PMID- 6816654
TI  - [Results of the short-term treatment of active chronic liver diseases with
      betamethasone].

PMID- 6816652
TI  - Availability of endothelial von Willebrand factor and platelet function in
      diabetic patients infused with a vasopressin analogue.
AB  - Acute release of von Willebrand factor and its immunologically detected
      correspondent, factor VIII-related antigen, from the endothelial cells into the
      circulation was induced by an infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin in
      eight normal subjects and eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The patients
      had higher basal levels of von Willebrand factor (140 +/- 13%) and VIII-related
      antigen (112 +/- 18%) than the normal subjects (95 +/- 5% and 70 +/- 8%,
      respectively). 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin induced a two-fold rise of
      these levels in both groups, von Willebrand factor/VIII-related antigen remaining
      higher in the diabetic patients throughout the experiment. In the normal
      subjects, platelet retention in glass bead columns increased soon after the
      infusion but returned to basal values after 2 h. In the patients, it remained
      high at the end of the infusion. No changes in platelet aggregation occurred.
      These results suggest that increased plasma von Willebrand factor/VIII-related
      antigen in diabetic patients is accompanied by an increased endothelial content
      of this factor.

PMID- 6816653
TI  - Lectins as markers of human epidermal cell differentiation.
AB  - The expression of sugar residues on human epidermal cells was investigated by
      means of lectin binding, as a way of determining membrane structural changes
      occurring during the differentiation of the epidermis. Fourteen lectins of
      different sugar specificity were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC
      lectins) and tested in fluorescence microscopy on frozen sections of normal human
      epidermis. In parallel, FITC-lectins were tested on psoriatic-involved epidermis
      to visualize differences in the expression of sugar residues that might occur
      during abnormal epidermal differentiation. No labelling could be obtained with
      lectins from Bandeira simplicifolia I, Dolichos biflorus, Limulus poyphemus,
      Tetragonolobus purpureas, Ulex europeus I, and Triticum vulgaris (group 1
      lectins). A "pemphigus-like" intercellular labelling of the whole epidermis,
      except the stratum corneum, was obtained with lectins from Canavalia ensiformis.
      Maclura pomifera, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Ricinus communis I (group 2 lectins). A
      selective intercellular labelling of the stratum spinosum and the stratum
      granulosum was seen in normal epidermis with lectins from Arachis hypogaea,
      Glycine max, Helix pomatia, and Sophora japonica (group 3 lectins). In psoriatic
      epidermis, not only the basal cell layer, but also cells from the adjacent lower
      stratum spinosum were found to be negative, using FITC-lectins of group 3. These
      data indicate that the expression of lectin binding sites in normal epidermis
      differs according to the maturation of the cell from the basal cell to the more
      mature keratinocyte in the stratum granulosum. They suggest that lectins may be
      used as markers of epidermal cells in various stages of normal and abnormal
      differentiation.

PMID- 6816657
TI  - [Clinical experience using solco trichovac in the treatment of trichomonad
      infections in women].
AB  - A lactobacillus vaccine was administered to 102 women with vaginal trichomonad
      infections. In about half of these patients a local trichomonacidal treatment
      using Nitroimidazol derivatives was also carried out. After completion of the
      primary course of treatment 84% of the women were free of symptoms and no
      trichomonads could be demonstrated; within one year this figure had risen to 96%.
      Reinfections after completion of the primary course of treatment and after
      booster vaccination occurred in only 4-5% of the cases. The bacterial status of
      the vagina as described by Jirovec and Peter improved markedly, the degree of
      improvement being related to the number of vaccine treatments performed. After
      only one vaccination an improvement from Grace V (= trichomoniasis) to Grade I or
      II was seen in 64% of the patients. Six months after the primary course of
      treatment the vaginal status of 82% of the women was rated Grade I or II, and six
      months after the booster vaccination given after one year the corresponding
      figure was 80%. The lactobacillus vaccine treatment described represents a
      promising development in the therapy of trichomonad and bacterial infections in
      women.

PMID- 6816656
TI  - Distribution of the adult lactase phenotypes--lactose absorber and malabsorber-
      in a group of 131 army recruits.

PMID- 6816658
TI  - [5 years' experience with parietal cell vagotomy].
AB  - The authors presents five years experience with the Parietal Cell Vagotomy in 65
      cases. In this group 54 of them had duodenal ulcer, 7 cases presented duodenal
      ulcer and Hiatal hernia. Only 4 cases presented hiatal hernia. Clinical,
      radiological and gastric secretion controls show a satisfactory evolution and
      considerable reduction in the ion H+ concentration. The authors presented in
      their series 4.6% recurrence in the D.U. group, the morbidity was 1.5%, they did
      not report operative mortality.

PMID- 6816659
TI  - [Hyperlipemia and pancreatitis].

PMID- 6816660
TI  - [Value of ultrasound and retrograde pancreatocholangiography in the diagnosis of
      pancreatic diseases].
AB  - 26 patients with pancreatic disease were studied with ultrasound (US) and
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results were compared in
      terms of selectivity, sensibility and specificity. In spite of similarity of both
      techniques regarding selectivity and sensibility, US appeared to be more
      specific. Combination of US and ERCP improved considerably the capacity to
      visualize the gland and to detect its alterations. Additional information
      obtained about the pancreas from the evaluation of bile ducts with both methods
      was considered careful and contributed to appraise even more these explorations.

PMID- 6816661
TI  - [Hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 6816662
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. Contribution of computerized tomography
      to its diagnosis].
AB  - The case of a patient with a small bowel leiomyosarcoma in whom a correct
      preoperative diagnosis was done due to important clues provided by computed
      tomography is presented. We present these findings, and suggest that this new
      exploratory method may be useful for the study of patients with small bowel
      intramural tumors, in whom other studies are often non-conclusive.

PMID- 6816663
TI  - Molecular fate of heterologous bacterial DNA in competent Bacillus subtilis. I.
      Processing of B. pumilus and B. licheniformis DNA in B. subtilis.
AB  - Competent Bacillus subtilis cells were exposed to radioactive and density labeled
      donor DNA extracted from B. pumilus and B. licheniformis. The DNA from these
      strains hybridized with B. subtilis DNA in vitro at a rate of 24% and 11%,
      respectively. After entry the vast majority of heterologous DNA was found at the
      single-strand DNA position in CsCl gradients, and was gradually degraded during
      incubation. Much less donor DNA than expected from the hybridization values
      participated in the formation of the donor-recipient complex (DRC). By subjecting
      the heterologous DRC to sonication and alkaline CsCl gradient centrifugation, it
      was established that the DRC consisted of three components: (1) recipient DNA in
      which breakdown products of donor DNA were incorporated through DNA synthesis,
      (2) recipient DNA in which donor DNA was covalently integrated and (3) recipient
      DNA in which the donor moiety was not covalently integrated.

PMID- 6816664
TI  - Genetic structure and internal rearrangements of stable merodiploids from
      Bacillus subtilis strains carrying the trpE26 mutation.
AB  - Transformation and transduction to tryptophan independence of strains of Bacillus
      subtilis carrying the "trpE26" chromosomal aberrations (a translocation and an
      inversion) with a "normal" 168 type strain as donor induce a tandem duplication
      of the thrA-ilvA region of the chromosome. The clones possessing this unstable
      duplication segregate besides the Trp- some stable Trp+ cells which retain only
      part of the duplication (the trpE-ilvA region) in nontandem configuration. Such
      clones may also be produced directly during the crosses. The genetic map of these
      clones (designated as class I stable merodiploids) was constructed: they possess
      the translocation and the inversion of the trpE26 parental strain. Another type
      of stable Trp+ clones (class II) also appears, although more rarely, in similar
      crosses. Studies on their genetic structure revealed that they are haploid for
      the trpE-ilvA region and carry a nontandem duplication of the thrA-trpE region.
      In these clones the cysB-tre region has the orientation of the 168 type strain.
      The duplications in both classes are stable, that of class I being more stable
      than that of class II where loss of one copy of the thrA-trpE region leads to
      about 1% haploid cells. Detailed genetic studies on heterozygous clones from both
      classes have shown exchange of alleles between copies of the nontandem
      duplications. Models are proposed for the formation of each class of merodiploids
      and for recombination events taking place in them. These models imply
      recombination at sequences of intrachromosomal homology and (or) introduction of
      heterologous junctions ("novel joints") by transformation or transduction.

PMID- 6816665
TI  - Electrophoretic variability at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila
      melanogaster.

PMID- 6816666
TI  - Evolution of a regulated operon in the laboratory.
AB  - The evolution of new metabolic functions is being studied in the laboratory using
      the EBG system of E. coli as a model system. It is demonstrated that the
      evolution of lactose utilization by lacZ deletion strains requires a series of
      structural and regulatory gene mutations. Two structural gene mutations act to
      increase the activity of ebg enzyme toward lactose, and to permit ebg enzyme to
      convert lactose into allolactose, and inducer of the lac operon. A regulatory
      mutation increases the sensitivity of the ebg repressor of lactose, and permits
      sufficient ebg enzyme activity for growth. The resulting fully evolved ebg operon
      regulates its own expression, and also regulates the synthesis of the lactose
      permease.

PMID- 6816667
TI  - The location of a mutator factor in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster by
      assaying male recombination.
AB  - In a set of "mutation accumulation lines," of Drosophila melanogaster that had
      originated from two different wild-caught lethal-carrying second chromosomes
      (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974; Mukai and Cockerham 1977; Voelker, Schaffer and Mukai
      1980) a correlation exists between high rates of reverse mutation at two visible
      loci and the ability to induce male recombination (Scobie and Schaffer 1982). The
      second and third chromosomes were extracted from the lines demonstrating these
      phenomena and tested for independent ability to induce male recombination. When
      the wild chromosome being tested was of male origin extracted second chromosome
      lines were found to induce moderate to high levels of male recombination and
      reduced transmission frequency of the wild chromosome (the k value). The
      recombinants recovered in these crosses also demonstrated a high level of double
      crossover recombination without the recovery of the reciprocal double-recombinant
      types. In addition, identifiable portions of extracted second chromosomes of male
      origin have been placed on very similar, marked genetic backgrounds and tested
      for their ability to induce male recombination. Results of this procedure have
      identified two regions of the second chromosome that induce male recombination
      and reduce k values. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there
      exist two mutator factors and the second chromosome, each associated with a
      "mutation accumulation line" with an unstable locus.

PMID- 6816668
TI  - A mutator factor in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster: identified by use of
      mutation, reversion rates and male recombination.
AB  - A set of 1,000 "mutation accumulation" lines Drosophila melanogaster, which
      originated from two different wild-type, lethal-bearing second chromosomes
      (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974; Mukai and Cockerham 1977), was examined for evidence
      of a mutator factor by using the occurrence of recessive visible mutations and
      male recombination to identify its presence. The 1,000 lines were screened at
      approximately generation 240 for the presence of recessive visible mutation at
      twelve loci, by outcrossing to a balanced multiply marked second chromosome stock
      (Muller's "12ple" Bowling Green). Twenty-three lines were found to carry a
      visible mutation at one of the vg locus. mutations found in three lines, two at
      the dp locus and one at the vg locus, demonstrated instability as revertants to
      the wild type and were recovered and verified in these three cases. The three
      revertant lines, and three lines showing no reversion, were tested for their
      ability to induce male recombination. Male recombination was observed in the
      three lines in which revertants were recovered. Male and female sterility assays
      indicated conclusively that these "hybrid dysgenic" characteristics could not be
      used to identify lines potentially carrying mutator factors, whereas the
      consistent ability of the lines to induce high rates of reversion and male
      recombination was successful in determining that the "mutation accumulation
      lines" do possess mutator factors.

PMID- 6816669
TI  - Genetic variation in the expression of ADH in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Several chromosomes derived from natural populations have been identified that
      affect the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Second chromosomes, which
      also carry the structural gene Adh, show a great deal of polymorphism of genetic
      elements that determine how much enzyme protein accumulates. The level of enzyme
      was measured in third instar larvae, 6-to-8-day-old males and in larval fat
      bodies and alimentary canals. In general, activities in the different organs and
      stages are highly correlated with one another. One line was found, however, in
      which the ADH level in the fat body is more than twice the level one would expect
      on the basis of the activity in alimentary canal. We have also found evidence of
      third-chromosome elements that affect the level of ADH.

PMID- 6816670
TI  - The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster containing
      the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. III. Hypomorphic and hypermorphic
      mutations affecting the expression of hairless.
AB  - A lethal locus (l(2)br7;35B6-10), near Adh on chromosome arm 2L of D.
      melanogaster, is identified with Plunkett's dominant suppressor of Hairless (H).
      Of eight new alleles, seven act as dominant suppressors of H, the eighth is a
      dominant enhancer of H. One of the suppressor  alleles is both a leaky lethal and
      a weak suppressor of H. Confirming Nash (1970), deletions of l(2)br7 are dominant
      suppressors, and duplications are dominant enhancers of H. A simple model is
      proposed to account for the interaction of l(2)br7 and H, assuming that amorphic
      (or hypomorphic) alleles of l(2)br7 suppress H and that hypermorphic alleles
      enhance H.

PMID- 6816671
TI  - Genetic analysis of mutations at the Glued locus and interacting loci in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A genetic analysis of the dominant mutation Glued that perturbs the development
      of the normal axonal architecture of the fly's visual system was undertaken. Ten
      new alleles at this locus were identified and characterized. Two complementation
      groups that were identified failed to complement the original allele, suggesting
      that it is a double mutant or that it resides at a complex locus. Several of the
      new alleles display visual-system abnormalities similar to those of the original
      mutation. Seven of the eight members of one complementation group are
      embryonic/early larval lethals, like the original mutation. The other allele in
      this group is temperature sensitive. Homozygous mutant adults exhibit a
      temperature-sensitive female sterile phenotype. Unsuccessful attempts to recover
      genetic mosaics carrying clones of cells homozygous for some of these mutations
      revealed that they are either essential for the viability of individual cells or
      that they affect some other fundamental cellular function, such as mitosis or the
      ability to participate in tissue level organization, which prevents them from
      being recovered in adult mosaics. This also indicates that these mutations do not
      specifically affect neural cells. A number of X-ray- and EMS-induced partial and
      complete phenotypic "revertants" of the original allele have also been isolated
      as material for comparative analysis of visual system development. All
      "revertants" that alter the abnormal eye phenotype towards the wild type have
      similar impact on the organization of the optic lobe.

PMID- 6816672
TI  - Molecular fate of heterologous bacterial DNA in competent Bacillus subtilis. II.
      Unstable association of heterologous DNA with the recipient chromosome.
AB  - In CsCl density gradients of lysates from competent Bacillus subtilis cells,
      which had been exposed to heterologous bacterial DNA, very little donor-recipient
      complex (DRC) formation could be detected. The present study demonstrates that
      photocrosslinking of such lysates by irradiation with long-wave UV light in the
      presence of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen results in a dramatic increase in the amount
      of heterologous DRC. This phenomenon may be interpreted as the stabilization of a
      pre-existing weak association between entered heterologous donor DNA and one
      recipient strand in unpaired regions of the chromosome. When a recombination
      deficient mutant is used, the amount of stabilizable heterologous DRC is reduced
      to the same extent as the specific transforming activity of homologous DNA.
      Although the amount of stabilizable complex is related to the degree of homology
      between donor and recipient DNA, this relation is not a quantitative one.
      Probably the association is caused by very short regions of base pairing between
      the donor and recipient moieties in the complex. Heating of a lysate at 70
      degrees prior to photocrosslinking prevents stabilization, apparently because the
      regions of base pairing are rapidly melted out. The results described in this
      paper can be best interpreted as the fixation of a process in which entered donor
      DNA in competent cells tries to find homologous stretches in the recipient
      chromosome.

PMID- 6816673
TI  - The genetics of a small chromosome region of Drosophila melanogaster containing
      the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. IV: scutoid, an antimorphic
      mutation.
AB  - Exchange mapping locates the dominant mutation Scutoid to the right of Adh on
      chromosome arm 2L of D. melanogaster. However, deletion mapping indicates that
      Sco is to the left of Adh. The phenotype of Sco is sensitive to mutation, or
      deletion, of noc+ and of three genes, el, l(2)br22, and l(2)br29 mapping
      immediately distal to noc. The four contiguous loci, el, l(2)br22, l(2) br29 and
      noc, although separable by deletion end points, interact, because certain (or
      all) alleles of these four loci show partial failure of complementation, or even
      negative complementation. The simplest hypothesis is that Sco is a small
      reciprocal transposition, the genes noc, osp, and Adh exchanging places with
      three genes normally mapping proximal to them: l(2)br34, 1(2)br35 and rd. The Sco
      phenotype is thought to result from a position effect at the newly created
      noc/l(2)br28 junction.

PMID- 6816674
TI  - The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster, including
      the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. V. Characterization of X-ray
      induced Adh null mutations.
AB  - Of 31 X-ray-induced and 2 spontaneous Adh null mutations selected for resistance
      to pentenol (Aaron 1979), 21 are deletions, including Adh and one or more
      neighboring loci. By contrast, none of 13 EMS-induced Adhn mutations are
      deletions. On average, the size of these X-ray-induced deletions is shorter than
      that of 12 formaldehyde-induced Adhn deletions (O'Donnell, Mandell, Krauss and
      Sofer 1977). Both the X-ray- and formaldehyde-induced deletions show a nonrandom
      distribution of break points in region 34D to 35D of chromosome arm 2L. Some of
      the deletions display particular genetic properties associated with one of their
      end points.

PMID- 6816675
TI  - Chromosome interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Viability studies.
AB  - The nature of fitness interactions is an important, yet unsolved, question in
      population genetics. We compare the egg-to-adult viability of individuals
      homozygous for either a second or a third chromosome with the viability of
      individuals homozygous for both chromosomes simultaneously. On the average, the
      viability of the two-chromosome homozygotes is somewhat greater than expected
      assuming that the fitnesses of the single-chromosome homozygotes interact in a
      multiplicative fashion. This result differs from previous observations that
      indicate either no significant deviations from the expectation or lower-than
      expected average fitnesses for the double homozygotes.

PMID- 6816676
TI  - Chromosome interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Total fitness.
AB  - In a large experiment, using nearly 200 population cages, we have measured the
      fitness of Drosophila melanogaster homozygous (1) for the second chromosome, (2)
      for the third chromosome, and (3) for both chromosomes. Twenty-four second
      chromosomes and 24 third chromosomes sampled from a natural population were
      tested. The mean fitness of the homozygous flies is 0.081 +/- 0.014 for the
      second chromosome, 0.080 +/- 0.017 for the third chromosome, and 0.079 +/- 0.024
      for both chromosomes simultaneously. Assuming that fitnesses are multiplicative
      (the additive fitness model makes no sense in the present case because of the
      large selection coefficients involved), the expected mean fitness of the
      homozygotes for both chromosomes is 0.0066; their observed fitness is more than
      ten times greater. Thus, it appears that synergistic interactions between loci
      are considerable; and that, consequently, the fitness function substantially
      departs from linearity. Two models are tentatively suggested for the fitness
      function: a "threshold" model and a "synergistic" model.--The experiments
      reported here confirm previous results showing that the concealed genetic load
      present in natural populations of Drosophila is sufficient to account for the
      selective maintenance of numerous polymorphisms (of the order of 1000).

PMID- 6816677
TI  - Meiotic chromosome behavior influenced by mutation-altered disjunction in
      Drosophila melanogaster females.
AB  - The effects of a female-specific meiotic mutation, altered disjunction (ald: 3
      61), are described. Although ald females show normal levels of meiotic exchange,
      sex- and 4th-chromosome nondisjunction occurs at an elevated level. A large
      proportion of the nondisjunction events is the result of nonhomologous
      disjunction of the sex and 4th chromosomes. These nonhomologous disjunction
      events, and probably all nondisjunction events occurring in ald females are the
      result of two anomalies in chromosome behavior: (1) X chromosomes derived from
      exchange tetrads undergo nonhomologous disjunction and (2) the 4th chromosomes
      nonhomologously disjoin from larger chromosomes. There is at best a marginal
      effect of ald on the meiotic behavior of chromosomes 2 or 3. The results suggest
      that the ald+ gene product acts to prevent the participation of exchange X
      chromosomes and all 4th chromosomes in nonhomologous disjunction events. The
      possible role of ald+ in current models of the disjunction process is considered.

PMID- 6816679
TI  - [Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls among
      the elements of the Baltic Sea ecosystem].

PMID- 6816678
TI  - Dosage compensation of serine-4 transfer RNA in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A dosage series of the X chromosome site for serine-4 transfer RNA consisting of
      one of three copies in females and one to two in males was constructed to test
      whether transfer RNA expression is governed by dosage compensation. A dosage
      effect on the level of the serine-4 isoacceptor was observed in both females and
      males when the structural locus was varied. However, in males, each dose had a
      relatively greater expression so the normal one dose was slightly greater than
      the total female value and the duplicated male had the highest relative
      expression of all the types examined. Serine-4 levels in males and females from
      an isogenic Oregon-R stock was similar. Thus the transfer RNA levels conform to
      the expectations of dosage compensation.

PMID- 6816680
TI  - Decay of beta-globin synthesis in heterozygous beta (0) Ferrara thalassaemia.

PMID- 6816682
TI  - Biochemical and immunological characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 6816684
TI  - Computed tomography in malignant lymphoma: its role in detecting abdominal,
      thoracic and cerebral involvement.

PMID- 6816683
TI  - A simplified immunological approach to the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia and other lymphoproliferative disorders.

PMID- 6816681
TI  - Essential thrombocythaemia: an analysis of platelet function, ultrastructure and
      kinetics in seven cases.

PMID- 6816685
TI  - Intracranial bleeding in haemophilia: a study of eleven cases.

PMID- 6816687
TI  - IgD myeloma in a young woman.

PMID- 6816686
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis by diffuse metastatic intravascular obstruction.

PMID- 6816688
TI  - Sweet syndrome: presenting symptom of hairy cell leukemia with fatal infection by
      pneumocystis carinii.

PMID- 6816689
TI  - Computed tomography (CT) detection of a diffuse periventricular subependymal
      lesion in a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma (subependymal lymphoma).

PMID- 6816690
TI  - [Anti-Jk B alloimmunization and abortion].

PMID- 6816691
TI  - [Aplastic anemia and pregnancy: description of a case].

PMID- 6816692
TI  - The influence of vinca alkaloids and cytochalasin B on the rosette formation with
      mouse erythrocytes.

PMID- 6816693
TI  - What's the significance of Bart's Hb in the Sicilian population?

PMID- 6816694
TI  - Late intensification therapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6816695
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6816696
TI  - [Testicular lymphoma in a 72-year-old patient].

PMID- 6816697
TI  - Comparison between scintigraphy and radiography in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6816698
TI  - Actinomycin D effect on the activity of some enzymes of ornithine cycle and amino
      acid metabolism.

PMID- 6816699
TI  - Rimetin effect on gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles in normal conditions and
      following exposure to X-rays.

PMID- 6816701
TI  - The extract of Genista rumelica and rombifolin alkaloid--an experimental study.

PMID- 6816700
TI  - The effect of some clinically used spasmolytics on the uterus and other smooth
      muscles.

PMID- 6816702
TI  - The differential diagnostic features of spondylophytes.

PMID- 6816703
TI  - An assessment of enzyme activity in the brain and myocardium of rats with induced
      acute metabolic acid-base changes.

PMID- 6816704
TI  - Radiometric and autoradiographic assessment of 32P uptake by dental enamel using
      the methods of electrophoresis and ordinary topical application.

PMID- 6816705
TI  - The effect of some somatic diseases on the incidence of dental hyperesthesia.

PMID- 6816706
TI  - Enzymic synthesis of L-lysine from DL-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam by new
      microbial strains.
AB  - The production of L-lysine from DL-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam (DL-ACL) by
      new strains producing L-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactamase and aminocaprolactam
      racemase is described. Optimal conditions for hydrolysis of L-ACL by Cryptococcus
      sp. and for racemization of ACL by cells of a strain isolated in nature and
      identified as Pseudomonas sp. were determined. Synthesis of L-alpha-amino-epsilon
      caprolactamase is induced by DL-ACL or L-lysine with the same effectivity. A
      positive effect of phosphates (potassium salts) on reduction of the induction lag
      was detected, the synthesis of this enzyme was found to be repressed by glucose
      and some possibilities of the reversion of this repressive effect were
      demonstrated. Under conditions optimal for the production of both enzymes a
      quantitative theoretical conversion of 10% aqueous DL-ACL to L-lysine by a
      mixture of native cells in a mass ratio of 1 : 2 (producer of ACL-hydrolase to
      producer of ACL-racemase) occurred in 8 h at 40 degrees C and pH 8.0.

PMID- 6816707
TI  - Quantitative changes of the alkaloid complex in a submerged culture of Claviceps
      paspali.
AB  - Claviceps paspali FA produced high concentrations of alkaloid under submerged
      conditions. Their production was found to depend on the developmental stage and
      treatment of the filamentous culture inoculum. A medium containing Bacto-peptone
      with a constant composition of amino acids was selected for the preparation of
      the inoculum. A two-week fermentation in a synthetic medium with mannitol at 24
      +/- 1 degrees C resulted in an increased production of total alkaloids from the
      original value of 100-200 micrograms/mL to more than 2000 micrograms/mL. Addition
      of tryptophan did not further increase the production of alkaloids but resulted
      in changes of the spectrum of some metabolites, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
      accompanied the alkaloids in the fermentation medium. alpha
      Hydroxyethyllysergamide was the predominant component of extracellular alkaloids
      (80% in the first days of fermentation). During fermentation the level of this
      alkaloid continuously decreased while the concentration of the accompanying
      alkaloids, i.e. lysergamide and the corresponding minor isomers, increased.

PMID- 6816708
TI  - Hydrocarbons in green and blue-green algae.
AB  - Liquid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to determine
      the total content of hydrocarbons and gas chromatography was used to evaluate
      composition of hydrocarbons in green algae (Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris,
      Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus acutus, S. acuminatus, S. obliquus) and the blue-green
      alga (Spirulina platensis) cultivated under autotrophic or heterotrophic
      conditions. In C. kessleri cultivated under heterotrophic conditions the content
      of hydrocarbons was found to be about 10(-2)% (per dry mass), whereas under
      autotrophic conditions it was about 10(-3)% (per dry mass). The highest content
      of hydrocarbons was detected in species of the genus Scenedesmus cultivated
      autotrophically (10(-1)%). Heptadecane and hexacosane were found as major
      alkanes, 1-heptadecene was detected among alkenes.

PMID- 6816709
TI  - Transformation of protoplasts of nontransformable Bacillus subtilis mutants by
      plasmid pUB 110 DNA.

PMID- 6816710
TI  - [3 crises in Parkinson disease].
AB  - Three dangerous crises have great influence on the social relations of the
      Parkinson-patient and his life. Two of the three crises show the importance of
      the psychical component of the disease: In the beginning of the disease we often
      see a phase of "masked Parkinsonism" with serious depression. A hard break takes
      place in the patient's way of life. The second crisis is a phase of psychotic
      symptoms such as halucinations, paranoid ideas and mental confusion. This phase
      is a reaction between the disease and the antiparkinsonian medication. In the
      third, the akinetic crisis at last an extinction of physical mobility and psychic
      reaction ability place takes. It is very important to start immediately with
      specific therapy in every one of the three crises.

PMID- 6816711
TI  - [Parenteral feeding of elderly patients].

PMID- 6816712
TI  - Asymptomatic atrophic thyroiditis.
AB  - Asymptomatic atrophic thyroiditis (AAT), one of the three variants of autoimmune
      thyroiditis, is characterized by the presence of serum antithyroid antibodies in
      good correlation with thyroid lymphoplasmocytic infiltrations. AAT affects 5-15%
      of the general population and is especially prevalent in elderly women. Patients
      with AAT have no goitre and are clinically euthyroid. While circulating thyroid
      hormones are always in the normal range, peak TSH and TRH and basal TSH values
      are increased in two thirds of the cases. There is a familial aggregation of AAT
      and a frequent association with other autoimmune diseases. Development of overt
      hypothyroidism in AAT patients is not rare. Preventive thyroid replacement
      therapy is indicated in patients with elevated basal TSH levels.

PMID- 6816713
TI  - Primary structure of the variable part of an amyloidogenic Bence-Jones Protein
      (Mev.). An unusual insertion in the third hypervariable region of a human kappa
      immunoglobulin light chain.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the variable region of Bence-Jones protein
      Mev. from a patient suffering from multiple myeloma and generalized amyloidosis
      is presented. The amino acid sequence of the Bence-Jones protein Mev. is related
      to other human kappa-immunoglobulin L-chains of subgroup I. With valine
      established in Position 191 of the constant region, it is of the Inv (3)
      allotype. Two types of the Bence-Jones protein Mev. were found, one beginning
      with the typical N-terminal aspartic acid, and another lacking the N-terminal
      tripeptide and commencing with methionine in Position 4. A unique insertion of
      glutamic acid after Position 95 was found in the Bence-Jones protein. This is the
      position where the V- and J-gene segments join. The J-region of Bence-Jones
      protein Mev. exhibits some marked differences to the five J-regions recently
      established by nucleic acid sequencing. This suggests, that there must be
      considerable polymorphism in human kappa-J-genes. The amyloid fibril protein from
      the same patient (A Mev.) has also been sequenced up to Position 27. It was found
      to be identical to the sequence of Bence-Jones protein Mev. commencing with
      aspartic acid. The molecular mass of the amyloid fibril protein was found to be
      between 11 000 and 12 000 Da as estimated by gelfiltration and dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis.

PMID- 6816714
TI  - [Properties of aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferases from two chloramphenicol
      resistant Flavobacteria].
AB  - Two enzymes of chloramphenicol-resistant Flavobacterium strain CB 60 and strain
      CB 6 which catalyse the transamination of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan
      were enriched 43-fold and 31-fold. The molecular mass for the aromatic-amino-acid
      aminotransferases of both strains was found to be 120000 Da and the isoelectric
      point was at about pH 4.2-4.3. Both enzymes are not influenced by EDTA. A ping
      pong bi-bi-mechanism was obtained for the kinetic mechanism of the reaction. The
      aminotransferases of strain CB 60 and CB 6 differ in the pH optimum (pH 8.4-9.0
      and 7.8-9.0), in the optimum of temperature (40.0 degrees C and 57.5 degrees C)
      and in a higher heat stability of the enzyme of strain CB 60 in comparison to
      that of strain CB 6. The catalytic activity of the enzyme of strain CB 60 is not
      influenced by cycloserine, contrary to the enzyme of CB 6 which is inhibited to
      89%. Isonicotinohydrazide does not inhibit the enzyme of strain CB 6, but reduces
      the catalytic activity of the enzyme of strain CB 60 to 64%. Both enzymes are
      inhibited differently by phenylhydrazine [78% (CB 60) and 56% (CB 6)]. Data in
      percentages are related to 0.15 mM inhibitor. For the substrates tyrosine,
      phenylalanine, tryptophan and 2-oxoglutarate, the aminotransferase of strain CB
      60 has Km values of 15.0, 16.6, 16.6 and 1.7mM, and for the enzyme of strain CB 6
      Km values of 1.40, 1.33, 1.37 and 0.97mM were obtained.

PMID- 6816715
TI  - Failure of a variety of antiestrogens to mimic estrogen action in the induction
      of sexual receptivity in a female lizard.

PMID- 6816716
TI  - Diphenoloxidases in various forms of myopathy which are transmitted by different
      genetic mechanisms.
AB  - In a previous article (Demos et al. 1981), we reported a significant and specific
      reduction of the activity index (AI) of the diphenoloxidases (DPox) in patients
      and heterozygotes with progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is
      transmitted genetically by female subjects by a sex-linked recessive mechanism
      (SLR). This same anomaly was detected in patients suffering from other types of
      dystrophy: Becker, limbgirdle, fascio-scapulo-humeral, and in heterozygotes of
      either sex in diseases transmitted by an obviously recessive autosomic mechanism.
      These anomalies were detected using blood spots collected on absorbent paper and
      stored at 4 degrees C for different periods. They were of the same type as had
      previously been detected using blood platelets (Demos 1973).

PMID- 6816717
TI  - Effects of carbon dioxide inhalation on psychomotor and mental performance during
      exercise and recovery.

PMID- 6816719
TI  - Pathways of phosphatidylethanolamine catabolism in Streptomyces griseus.

PMID- 6816718
TI  - Cultured endothelial cells derived from the human iliac arteries.
AB  - Cells derived from the endothelium of human iliac arteries were cultured in vivo.
      The cells were isolated, grown, and subcultured in HEPES buffered Medium 199
      supplemented with 20% heat inactivated human whole blood serum, human alpha
      thrombin, and commercial endothelial cell growth supplement derived from bovine
      brain. The cells were viable in culture for 8 to 10 passages at a split ratio of
      1:3. After the 10th passage, the cells began to enlarge and their growth rate was
      reduced. No cultures were viable after the 12th passage. The cells were
      determined to be of endothelial origin by their morphology at confluence; their
      ultrastructural characteristics, including the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies;
      the production and release of factor VIII-related antigen; and by their
      maintenance of a surface that prevented platelet attachment. The cultured
      arterial endothelial cells released prostacyclin in response to challenge with
      thrombin and protamine sulfate but not in response to bradykinin or the platelet
      derived growth factor. Although the cultures described in this report were
      derived from patients with varying degrees of atherosclerotic disease, there were
      no significant differences in morphological or physiological parameters among
      these cultures or in comparison with commonly studied cells derived from human
      umbilical veins.

PMID- 6816720
TI  - Ftorafur in the treatment of advanced malignancies.

PMID- 6816721
TI  - Inhibition of the anti-D antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against O, Rh
      positive (R1R2) erythrocytes by O,Rh-negative (rr) competitor cells.
AB  - Anti-D antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated lysis of O,Rh-positive (R1R2)
      erythrocytes was inhibited by O,Rh-negative (rr) erythrocytes in cold target
      competition experiments. The degree of inhibitory effects was different with the
      different antisera used for sensitization. Under the same conditions the
      inhibition varied between 23 and 79%. The difference did not relate to the titres
      of the sera.

PMID- 6816722
TI  - The donor cell type controls anti-hapten (fluorescein isothiocyanate) primary
      antibody response to hapten-modified syngeneic cells.
AB  - Hapten (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC)-sensitized syngeneic red blood cells
      (FITC-RBC) are exceptionally active for induction of anti-hapten primary antibody
      response, and FITC-modified syngeneic spleen cells depleted of RBC (FITC-SSC) are
      not immunogenic [4]. The present study has demonstrated that FITC-SSC injected
      simultaneously with FITC-RBC inhibit partially the anti-FITC response to the
      latter. Either the immunogenicity of FITC-RBC or the response-inhibiting activity
      of FITC-SSC was increased as the concentration of hapten-sensitizing cells was
      raised from 0.005 mg/ml to 2 mg/ml. The inhibition of anti-FITC response by FITC
      SSC strictly required live donor cells, but was not dependent on T-cell activity
      of either the donor or recipient. Neither FITC-thymocytes nor the FITC-T-cell
      rich fraction of SSC showed a definite activity for inhibition, whereas the FITC
      B-cell-rich fraction of SSC acted very effectively. These results suggest that
      the primary anti-hapten antibody response to hapten-modified syngeneic cells is
      primarily controlled by antigen-bearing live donor cells of different cell types.

PMID- 6816723
TI  - Effect of local application of oxyphenonium to epididymis on fertility in rats.

PMID- 6816724
TI  - Transcription pattern in X chromosomal cis-tandem duplication of Drosophila
      melanogaster & problem of X chromosomal hyperactivity.

PMID- 6816726
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis using soluble antigen
      fluorescent antibody test.

PMID- 6816727
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity eliciting lipoprotein antigen of mycobacterium
      tuberculosis H37Rv.

PMID- 6816728
TI  - Transfer of drug-resistance plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PS7 to
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella sonnei by genetic transformation.

PMID- 6816725
TI  - H-2 haplotypes, genes, and antigens: second listing. I. Non-H-2 loci on
      chromosome 17.

PMID- 6816729
TI  - Serum CH50 and C'3 levels in malaria.

PMID- 6816730
TI  - Rickettsioses surveillance in animals and man in Uttar Pradesh.

PMID- 6816731
TI  - Influence of fetal sex on amniotic inhibin, follitropin and prolactin.

PMID- 6816732
TI  - Effect of terfenadine on vesicourethral function in patients with neurogenic
      bladder.

PMID- 6816733
TI  - Mutagenic potential of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6816734
TI  - Blood lymphocytes and serum protein in Plasmodium knowlesi infection in a protein
      deficient host.

PMID- 6816735
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in healthy adults from Himachal Pradesh.

PMID- 6816737
TI  - Variable expression of hemophilic gene in family.

PMID- 6816736
TI  - Enhanced platelet aggregation by oral contraceptives: effect of PG synthetase
      inhibitors.
AB  - Platelet aggregation time was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased in
      female rabbits treated with oral contraceptive (a preparation containing low dose
      of estrogen) as also by injection of diethylstilbestrol (10 mg/kg), while in
      animals that received indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or aspirin (30 mg/kg) (PG
      synthetase inhibitors) along with oral contraceptives or diethylstilbestrol there
      was no significant alteration in platelet aggregation time. The increased
      synthesis of prostaglandins or some of the intermediary product like TXA2 might
      be responsible for this effect.

PMID- 6816738
TI  - [Resistance of clinical isolates of some Enterobacteriaceae as well as
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis to
      chemotherapeutic agents. Results of an inter-regional cooperative study for the
      years 1980 and 1981].

PMID- 6816739
TI  - Approach to the bleeding patient.

PMID- 6816740
TI  - Component therapy.

PMID- 6816741
TI  - Testicular biopsy in the management of male infertility.

PMID- 6816742
TI  - Combined hMG/hCG treatment in subfertile men with idiopathic normogonadotrophic
      oligozoospermia.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with idiopathic normogonadotrophic oligozoospermia were
      treated with hMG plus hCG over a period of 3 months. Total sperm output increased
      by an average of 15.3 million spermatozoa per ejaculate and a similar significant
      increase was seen in the percentage of motile spermatozoa. Sixteen of the 48 men
      increased their sperm output by 25 million or more. Follow-up information was
      available in 33 patients. Ten pregnancies were reported within one year after
      initiation of treatment. Six of 12 responders impregnated their wives, whereas
      only 4 pregnancies were reported in a group of 21 non-responders.
      Endocrinological investigations showed no differences in mean basal levels of LH
      and FSH, or in the gonadotrophin response to a 100 micrograms GnRH stimulation
      between responders and non-responders. However, mean basal plasma testosterone
      concentration was significantly lower in the responder group than in the non
      responders. Responsiveness to gonadotrophin treatment tended to be better in
      patients with basal plasma testosterone concentration lower than 4.5 ng/ml.
      Combined hMG/hCG treatment in subfertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia
      seems to be efficient in only a small proportion of cases.

PMID- 6816743
TI  - Removal of zinc from subcellular regions of human spermatozoa by EDTA treatment
      studied by X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - The distribution of zinc in the head, neck and mid-piece of human ejaculated
      spermatozoa was investigated with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. EDTA
      treatment within 1 h after ejaculation caused removal of 80-90% of the zinc in
      these regions. Storage for 24 h in own seminal plasma did not alter sperm zinc
      content. However, these aged spermatozoa only lost 35% of their zinc content on
      EDTA treatment. The stronger binding of zinc, occurring upon storage in seminal
      plasma, developed in all 3 parts of the cell investigated. These results are
      discussed in the light of the role of zinc in nuclear chromatin decondensation
      ability and sperm head-tail connection.

PMID- 6816744
TI  - The interrelationships between acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase, diamine oxidase,
      citric acid, beta-glucuronidase, pH and zinc in human prostatic fluid.
AB  - Biochemical analysis of 328 human prostatic fluid samples were performed. The
      urea concentration of 69 samples was similar to that of serum and not indicative
      of significant contamination with urine. The pH of normal fluids was acidic (mean
      pH = 6.7). The interrelationships between zinc, citrate, acid phosphatase
      aminopeptidase, beta-glucuronidase, diamine oxidase and pH were investigated by
      factor analysis. Two significant factors were extracted, the first accounted for
      89% of their common variance and the second for 11%. Zinc, citrate, acid
      phosphatase and aminopeptidase were positively and pH was negatively related to
      factor one. Beta-glucuronidase was positively related to factor two and diamine
      oxidase was largely independent of both factors. It was concluded that variables
      related to factor one share a common secretory control and mechanism, that some
      other mechanism operates in the case of beta-glucuronidase and that diamine
      oxidase may not be a true secretory product of the prostate.

PMID- 6816745
TI  - Validity of self-reports of adolescent cigarette smoking.

PMID- 6816746
TI  - Calorimetric study of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit and two mutant proteins.
AB  - Heat-denaturation of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit from E. coli and two
      mutant proteins (Glu 49 leads to Gln or Ser; called Gln 49 or Ser 49,
      respectively) has been studied by the scanning microcalorimetric method at
      various pH, in an attempt to elucidate the role of individual amino acid residues
      in the conformational stability of a protein. The partial specific heat capacity
      in the native state at 20 degrees, Cp20, has been found to be (0.43 +/- 0.02) cal
      . k-1 . g-1, the unfolding heat capacity change, delta dCp, (0.10 +/- 0.01) cal .
      K-1 . g-1, and the unfolding enthalpy value extrapolated to 110 degrees, delta
      dh110, (9.3 +/- 0.5) cal . g-1 for the three proteins. The value of Cp20 was
      larger than those found for "fully compact protein" and that of delta dh110 was
      smaller. Unfolding Gibbs energy, delta dG at 25 degrees for Wild-type, Gln 49,
      and Ser 49 were 5.8, 8.4, and 7.1 kcal . mol-1 at pH 9.3, respectively. Unfolding
      enthalpy, delta dH, of the three proteins seemed to be the same and equal to
      (23.2 +/- 1.2) kcal . mol-1 at 25 degrees. As a consequence of the same value of
      delta dH and the different value in delta dG, substantial differences in
      unfolding entropy, delta dS, were found for the three proteins. The values of
      delta dG for the three proteins at 25 degrees coincided with those from
      equilibrium methods of denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride.

PMID- 6816747
TI  - Preparation of photoreactive derivatives of alpha-melanotropin by selective
      modification of the lysine or tryptophan residue.

PMID- 6816748
TI  - Effects of aphidicolin on cell proliferation, repair of potentially lethal damage
      and repair of DNA strand breaks in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells exposed to X
      rays.
AB  - The effects of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA alpha-polymerase, have
      been studied on various cellular end-points and on DNA strand break repair. In
      the concentration range 0.02-2 micrograms/ml DNA synthesis was strongly inhibited
      resulting in a concomittant loss of cell proliferation ability; RNA and protein
      synthesis were unaffected in this range. At these concentrations PLD repair in X
      irradiated plateau-phase cells was unaffected even after 7 hours treatment with
      aphidicolin; however, at higher concentrations (greater than 2 micrograms/ml) PLD
      repair was inhibited. We show that in the low concentration range (less than 2
      micrograms/ml) PLD repair can be seen in exponentially growing cells and from
      experiments with synchronized cells we establish that the PLD repair observed can
      be attributed to the S-phase population, the survival of G1-cells not being
      affected by aphidicolin. The 'promotion' of PLD repair in exponentially growing
      cells was in excess of that observed for the same cells in balanced salt solution
      in which PLD repair is usually observed. At high concentrations (greater than 2
      micrograms/ml) of aphidicolin, both X-irradiated and control S-cells were killed
      increasingly as concentration increased. The repair of DNA strand breaks (single
      and double) was unaffected in the low concentration range, but a strong
      inhibition was observed at high concentration. It is concluded from these results
      that alpha-polymerase, which is strongly inhibited at low concentrations of
      aphidicolin as evidenced by the inhibition of DNA synthesis, plays no major part
      in the repair of DNA strand breaks or in the repair of PLD.

PMID- 6816749
TI  - Infection control in a rooming-in environment.

PMID- 6816750
TI  - Hypolactasia and the irritable bowel syndrome in Ireland.

PMID- 6816751
TI  - Enterocolitis complicating chrysotherapy. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - We report a case of a 71-yr old man with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, who
      developed severe enterocolitis during gold therapy. Radiological studies,
      endoscopy and biopsies showed diffuse involvement of the stomach, duodenum and
      small and large intestines. The clinical course was prolonged and complicated by
      multiple infections. Of the 10 cases with chrysotherapy-induced enterocolitis
      reported in the literature, 3 were from Israel. There may be a relationship
      between the development of enterocolitis following gold therapy, ethnic group and
      HLA-B8 and DRw3 antigens.

PMID- 6816752
TI  - Inhibitory effect of follicle stimulating hormone on parathormone in the mouse--a
      possible explanation of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6816753
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis not following transfusion: a study of hospital patients in
      Jerusalem.
AB  - An analysis of the etiology of acute viral hepatitis in 172 hospitalized patients
      showed that 70.9% suffered from hepatitis A (HA), 12.2% from hepatitis B (HB),
      1.7% from infectious mononucleosis and 15.1% (26 cases) from non-A, non-B
      hepatitis. Patients who had received blood transfusions during the 6 mo preceding
      the onset of the disease were not included in the present survey. The male:female
      ratio in the patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis was 1:88; 73% were Ashkenazic
      and 27% non-Ashkenazic Jews. The ethnic distribution of patients with non-A, non
      B hepatitis was similar to that of patients with HA but differed from that of HB
      patients (only 41% Ashkenazic). Thirty-eight percent of the non-A, non-B group
      had had contact with jaundiced patients during the 6 mo preceding the onset of
      the disease, and 46% were students or soldiers. The clinical course of the
      disease was, on the whole, milder than that of HB and similar to that of HA.
      Since many cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis are anicteric, it is concluded that
      the disease is a significant problem in Israel.

PMID- 6816754
TI  - Women, work, and reproductive hazards.

PMID- 6816755
TI  - The Sia test in hyperglobulinemia.

PMID- 6816757
TI  - Therapeutic diets in a psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 6816756
TI  - A follow-up study of discharged long-stay patients.

PMID- 6816758
TI  - Pain centers: an alternative for management of chronic pain.

PMID- 6816759
TI  - [Current status of drug therapy in male fertility disorders].
AB  - Recent advances in the medical treatment of male fertility disturbances by
      specific and empirical approaches are discussed. Specific approaches follow a
      pathophysiological concept and require critical patient selection. In contrast,
      empirical approaches do not allow patient selection, and a predictability of the
      success is not possible. Therefore, the response of the patients towards one of
      the available medical compounds has to be checked on an individual basis.
      Specific treatment includes replacement therapy of hormone-deficient men by human
      gonadotropins, inhibition of hyperprolactinemia by bromocriptine, antibiotic
      antiinflammatory therapy of male genital tract infections and immunosuppressive
      treatment in cases of autoantibodies against spermatozoa. In addition, special
      medical approaches are available for disturbances of sperm transport and the
      retrograde ejaculation using sympathicomimetic or anticholinergic agents.
      Empirical treatment comprises the use of antiestrogens, human gonadotropins,
      androgens, kininogenases, and methylxanthines. As supporting therapy
      psychopharmacological compounds and spasmolytic agents should be mentioned here.
      The overall result of treatment is moderate. However, considering all
      possibilities of treatment conception rates between 30% and 50% will be obtained
      which differ from the spontaneous conception rates of between 10% and 20%.

PMID- 6816760
TI  - Recent advances in surgery of the larynx and trachea.
AB  - Recent advances in surgery of the larynx and trachea have occurred in the general
      areas of diagnosis, pretreatment nutritional therapy, surgical technique, and
      reconstruction. In diagnosis the routine use of the flexible fiberoptic
      laryngoscope in the office and the use of computerized tomography have been
      valuable. The addition of enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy in selected
      patients with laryngeal cancer has been an advance. In the area of surgical
      technique, section of the recurrent nerve for the treatment of abductor laryngeal
      spastic dysphonia has proved successful. In the area of reconstruction the use of
      the epiglottic flap for repair of the larynx after near-total laryngectomy for
      glottic cancer and the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for one
      stage pharyngoesophageal reconstruction have been significant advances. An
      increase in the number of patients with chronic lung disease has created a new
      interest in tracheal fenestration.

PMID- 6816761
TI  - Detection of Hb-Papio B, a silent mutation of the baboon beta chain, by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Improved procedures for the separation of
      globin chains by HPLC.

PMID- 6816762
TI  - Protease and elastase production in relation to serotype of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 6816764
TI  - Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria by PCB and
      ferric chloride: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6816765
TI  - Effect of local pulmonary blood flow control on gas exchange: theory.
AB  - The effect of local pulmonary blood flow control by local alveolar O2 tension on
      steady-state pulmonary gas exchange is analyzed with techniques derived from
      control theory. In a single homogeneous lung unit with normal inspired and mixed
      venous blood gas composition, the homeostatic effect on local ventilation
      perfusion ratios (VA/Q) regulation occurs over a restricted range of VA/Q. The
      homeostatic effect is maximal at a moderately low VA/Q (about 0.4) due to the
      slope of the O2 dissociation curve. In a multicompartment lung with a lognormal
      distribution of VA/Q, regulation of arterial O2 tension varies with the extent of
      inhomogeneity. At mild degrees of inhomogeneity where local pulmonary blood flow
      (Q) control acts predominantly on the lower VA/Q of the Q distribution, the
      regulatory effect is best. At severe degrees of inhomogeneity where local Q
      control acts mainly on the higher VA/Q of the Q distribution, the regulatory
      effect is worse, and positive-feedback behavior may occur. Local Q control has
      the potential of reducing the deleterious effects of lung disease on pulmonary
      gas exchange particularly when it operates in association with other regulatory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6816763
TI  - Differentiation of Purkinje fibres and ordinary ventricular and atrial myocytes
      in the bovine heart: an immuno- and enzyme histochemical study.
AB  - The differentiation of Purkinje fibres and ordinary ventricular and atrial
      myocytes in bovine hearts was studied with specific antibodies against M-line
      proteins (MM-creatine kinase and myomesin) and with enzyme histochemistry
      (succinate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase).
      MM-creatine kinase was detected at an earlier stage in Purkinje fibres and atrial
      myocytes than in ordinary ventricular myocytes. The findings are in agreement
      with previous ultrastructural observations that an earlier appearance of a dense
      M-band occurs in Purkinje fibres than in ordinary ventricular myocytes. Myomesin
      was detected in all three cell types even at early foetal stages, in accordance
      with suggestions that it is an integral component of the myofibrillar structure.
      The activity of succinate dehydrogenase gradually increased in both ordinary
      ventricular and atrial myocytes, while the activity of mitochondrial glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase was high at different stages of early foetal development
      in the two tissues, finally becoming low in the adult stage. The activity of
      succinate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      seemed to remain unchanged in the Purkinje fibres from early to late foetal
      stages. The present study shows that the Purkinje fibres are already different
      from ordinary ventricular myocytes at early foetal stages and that the two cell
      types differentiate in different ways. It is concluded that there are also
      developmental differences between ordinary ventricular and atrial myocytes.

PMID- 6816766
TI  - Noninvasive cardiac output determination using inhaled oxygen-15-labeled carbon
      dioxide.
AB  - Inhaled oxygen-15-labeled carbon dioxide (CO2*) is hydrated in the alveolar
      capillary blood to produce oxygen-15-labeled water (H2O*). This allows
      noninvasive delivery of a traceable indicator into the pulmonary circulation.
      Removal of oxygen-15 marker from the lung is a function of pulmonary perfusion.
      Two techniques were evaluated for computing cardiac output (CO) following single
      bolus inhalation of CO2*: 1) continuous monitoring of arterial blood activity
      through an external detector and 2) noninvasive positron imaging of oxygen-15
      label washout from the chest and simultaneous emergence of activity in arterial
      blood. In seven mongrel dogs studied using technique 1, 46 determinations of CO
      were made from 1.2 to 8.0 l/min and compared with simultaneous indocyanine green
      dye-dilution determination. Correlation coefficient was 0.90 with slope of linear
      regression of 1.05. In 12 mongrel dogs studied using technique 2, 23
      determinations of CO were made from 0.9 to 9.2 l/min and compared with
      simultaneous indocyanine green dye determination. Correlation coefficient was
      0.985 (P less than 0.001) with slope of linear regression of 0.898. This
      noninvasive technique (2) for determination of CO is independent of assumptions
      regarding regional ventilation or perfusion of the lung and appears valid in
      animal studies.

PMID- 6816767
TI  - Effects of PaCO2 and PaO2 on threshold for the inspiratory-augmenting reflex in
      cats.

PMID- 6816768
TI  - CO2 elimination by high-frequency oscillations in dogs--effects of histamine
      infusion.
AB  - Effective gas exchange can be achieved in normal dogs by ventilation at
      frequencies of 4-20 Hz using stroke volumes (SV) smaller than the anatomic dead
      space. CO2 elimination is largely a function of tracheal SV-frequency product
      (Vosc) in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs with normal lungs. To determine the effect
      of constriction of small airways on gas exchange during such high-frequency
      ventilation (HFV), we ventilated five anesthetized, paralyzed, and vagotomized
      dogs via a tracheal cannula before and during intravenous histamine infusion.
      Vosc was varied by varying the frequency while keeping SV constant. For low Vosc,
      CO2 elimination (VCO2) increased directly with Vosc during control and histamine
      experiments. At high Vosc, VCO2 continued to increase directly with Vosc during
      the control study, but during histamine infusion VCO2 was lower than control
      values. Eucapnia could be maintained in each dog during HFV, even during airway
      constriction. During histamine infusion the frequency-dependent mechanical
      properties of the lung influence the delivery of the HFV SV to the respiratory
      zone, and this may explain the lower VCO2 observed.

PMID- 6816769
TI  - Human breathing patterns on mouthpiece or face mask during air, CO2, or low O2.
AB  - Steady-state breathing patterns on mouthpiece and noseclip (MP) and face mask
      (MASK) during air and chemostimulated breathing were obtained from
      pneumotachometer flow. On air, all 10 subjects decreased frequency (f) and
      increased tidal volume (VT) on MP relative to that on MASK without changing
      ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), or mean expiratory flow (VT/TE).
      On elevated CO2 and low O2, MP exaggerated the increase in VE, f, and VT/TE due
      to profoundly shortened TE. On elevated CO2, MASK exaggerated VT increase with
      little change in f. Increased VE and VT/TI were thus due to increased VT. During
      low O2 on MASK, both VT and f increased. During isocapnia, shortened TE accounted
      for increased f; during hypocapnia, increased f was related primarily to
      shortened TI. Thus the choice of a mouthpiece or face mask differentially alters
      breathing pattern on air and all components of ventilatory responses to
      chemostimuli. In addition, breathing apparatus effects are not a simple
      consequence of a shift from oronasal to oral breathing, since a noseclip under
      the mask did not change breathing pattern from that on mask alone.

PMID- 6816770
TI  - Immunoglobulin structure and function: genetic control of antibody diversity.
AB  - Recent studies of the molecular biological characteristics of lymphoid cells have
      markedly increased our understanding of how millions of different antibodies can
      be synthesized by an individual mammal. In particular, studies have shown how
      antibody genes are arranged and rearranged within B-lymphocyte clones to provide
      each cell clone with antibody of defined specificity for antigen. The process
      involves the assembly, from disparate genetic elements, of a complete antibody
      gene that will code for an antibody protein. The assembly process, in itself,
      also provides mechanisms for generating the diversity of antibody variable region
      structure (that part of an antibody molecule that actually binds antigen) that is
      essential to a full role for humoral immunity in host defense mechanisms.
      Specifically, the diversity of structure characteristic of mature antibodies
      derives from 3 distinct mechanisms: innate variability of germ-line genes;
      mismatching of individual gene segments during their somatic rearrangement
      leading to junctional diversity; and somatic mutation in variable region genetic
      material during or after the rearrangement. Thus, it is now clearly understood
      that several processes are involved in explaining the origin of the antigen
      combining diversity of antibody proteins. Certain "lottery-like" aspects of these
      genetic processes add to the combinatorial possibilities that are characteristic
      of the humoral immune system.

PMID- 6816771
TI  - Intercellular communication: role of soluble factors in cellular immune
      responses.

PMID- 6816772
TI  - Structure and function of the major histocompatibility complex in domestic
      animals.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region that has been
      intensively studied for the past 2 decades. Interest in the MHC has been high
      because of (i) the particular involvement of the MHC in transplantation
      reactions, including organ allograft rejection in human beings; and (ii) the more
      general role of MHC gene products in the genetic control of immune responses in
      all mammals. The MHC has several remarkable properties that include a distinctive
      genetic structure which has been well-preserved through evolution, and the
      extreme plasticity of form of the principal MHC genes, which can coexist within a
      single species in 30 or more allelic forms. The genes of the MHC regulate cell
      cell interactions of various types within the lymphoreticular system, and thus
      function as the so-called "immune response" genes that have been described in
      mice, rats, and guinea pigs. In human beings, the "disease associations"
      demonstrated between MHC alleles and various pathologic conditions are probably
      manifestations of abnormal functions of immune regulation governed by the MHC.
      Studies of the MHC in domestic species are still in their infancy. However,
      investigations of the MHC have been carried out in swine, cattle, horses, sheep,
      goats, dogs, and chickens. Further research on the MHC of domestic animals is
      merited, both for its contribution to the overall understanding of the biological
      significance of the MHC and for its practical application in clinical veterinary
      medicine.

PMID- 6816773
TI  - Secretion and composition of colostrum and milk.
AB  - Lacteal fluids contain antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM classes,
      and these proteins are complete and biologically active. Lymphocytic cells have
      also been demonstrated that are capable of an array of biological activity
      characteristic of similar cells in the blood. Lacteal fluids are rich in
      phagocytic cells that function less efficiently than do their corresponding blood
      cells.

PMID- 6816775
TI  - Gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids.
AB  - Five species of felids (cheetah, North Chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma)
      were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to
      evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. Animals were subjected to laparoscopy
      before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature
      ovarian follicles (MF), corpora hemorrhagica (CH), and corpora lutea (CL) were
      recorded and photographed. Ovarian morphologic features, including MF, CH, and CL
      anatomy, were similar among various species. A dosage of 10 mg of FSH given IM
      daily for 3 to 5 days was effective in stimulating ovulation in 8 of 8 cheetahs.
      The same dosage for 5 days stimulated ovulation in 6 of 7 North Chinese leopards,
      4 of 7 tigers, 2 lions, and 1 puma. An injection of a luteinizing hormone source
      was not required to induce follicular rupture. The number of ovulations
      eventually obtained appeared related to the activity prior to FSH treatment.
      Females with evidence of follicular development prior to treatment eventually
      produced a combined average (+/- SEM) of 5.2 +/- 1.3 CH and CL, in comparison
      with 2.3 +/- 0.8 CH and CL observed in cats with no identifiable follicles before
      FSH injection. The species varied in the number of ovulation sites (combined
      number of CH and CL) after treatment, with the cheetahs, leopards, tigers, lions,
      and puma producing a mean of 5.5 +/- 0.9, 1.5 +/- 0.2, 4.7 +/- 3.1, 1.5 +/- 0.5,
      and 3.0 +/- 0.0, respectively. The cheetahs, North Chinese leopards, and tigers
      failed to develop a refractory response to the gonadotropin, as certain females
      receiving FSH twice at a 1-year interval produced a similar ovulatory response.

PMID- 6816776
TI  - Sarcocystis and other coccidia in foxes and other wild carnivores from Montana.
AB  - Sarcocystis spp sporocysts were found in feces of 10.1% of 198 red foxes (Vulpes
      vulpes), in 3.2% of 61 bobcats (Lynx rufus), in 16.6% of 12 mountain lions (Felis
      concolor), in 16.6% of 6 fisher (Martes pennanti), and in none of 20 wolverines
      (Gulo gulo), 4 mink (Mustela vison), or 10 raccoons (Procyon lotor). Sarcocystis
      muris and Toxoplasma gondii were not found in laboratory mice inoculated with
      feces of bobcats and mountain lions.

PMID- 6816774
TI  - Chemical-induced immunomodulation.

PMID- 6816777
TI  - Sarcocystosis in neonatal bison fed Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts derived from
      cattle.
AB  - A 6-day-old female (Bison bison) was inoculated with 10 million sporocysts of the
      B1 isolate of Sarcocystis cruzi originally obtained by feeding heart of a
      naturally infected cow (Bos taurus) to a laboratory-raised coyote. The bison
      became febrile, lethargic, and anorectic at about 25 days after inoculation of
      the sporocysts, and was euthanatized 3 days later. There were widespread
      hemorrhages, hepatitis, myocarditis, nephritis, and enteritis; intravascular
      meronts were found in the adrenal cortex and lamina propria of the small
      intestine. Another 7-day-old male bison was inoculated with 100,000 sporocysts of
      the same B1 isolate of S cruzi. Except for mild fever and transient diarrhea, the
      bison remained clinically normal. Sarcocysts were found at necropsy on day 76
      after inoculation. It was concluded that S cruzi of cattle is transmissible to
      bison.

PMID- 6816778
TI  - Extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma in a guinea pig--.

PMID- 6816779
TI  - Production by controlled biosynthesis of a novel ionophore antibiotic, cezomycin
      (demethylamino A23187).

PMID- 6816781
TI  - Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 2. Combined effects of a macrolide
      with a fosfomycin and an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
AB  - Synergistic effects of the cell wall-affecting antibiotics, dibekacin (DKB) and
      fosfomycin (FOM) and a macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin (MDM) or its derivative
      9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin (MOM) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      investigated in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic effects were evaluated by
      estimating the number of viable bacteria at varying intervals after the two kinds
      of antibiotics were added to the logarithmic phase of the bacterial solution. Six
      hours after addition of antibiotic, the viable bacterial count of the culture
      treated with FOM and MOM underwent 2 log reduction compared to that which treated
      with FOM alone. Thus synergistic effect was significant. The number of viable
      bacteria treated with DKB and MDM showed slight reduction at 3 hours after
      addition of the two antibiotics and a marked reduction was noted after 20 hours
      compared with the control. Synergistic action was also demonstrated in in vivo
      experiments using mice. Three experimental mouse infection models,
      intraperitoneal infection, subcutaneous infection with carrageenan solution and
      burn infection were used. FOM was administered subcutaneously. DKB was
      administered intramuscularly. MDM or MOM was administered by the oral route. In
      all three experiments the survival rate of infected mice treated with FOM and MOM
      increased significantly compared to control mice. Similar synergistic effect was
      also obtained with DKB and MDM.

PMID- 6816780
TI  - Chemical properties of Myxococcus xanthus antibiotic TA.
AB  - Antibiotic TA was purified and crystallized from culture fluids of Myxococcus
      xanthus TA. The antibiotic (C34H57O9N, M.W. 623.8) contained the following
      functional groups: ketone, lactone, secondary amide, methoxy-substituted diene
      (lambda max 239 nm), primary alcohol and three secondary alcohols, two of which
      were cis-vicinal. Mild alkaline hydrolysis opened the lactone with concomitant
      loss of antibiotic activity. Periodate oxidation also destroyed biological
      activity.

PMID- 6816782
TI  - Effect of lysine, tryptophan and(or) carbadox additions to low protein corn
      soybean meal diets for young pigs.
AB  - Addition of L-lysine (Lys), L-tryptophan (Trp) and(or 55 ppm carbadox (C) to low
      protein corn-soybean meal diets was evaluated in two experiments using 444
      crossbred pigs. In Exp. 1, initial and final weights of pigs were 17.7 and 33.3
      kg, respectively, for the 28 d experiment. Pigs fed the 13% protein diet
      containing added Lys (.17%) or Lys + C had average daily gains (ADG) similar to
      those fed the 16% protein diet (positive control group) and greater (P less than
      .05) than those of pigs fed the 13% protein diet (negative controls). Pigs fed
      the 13% protein diets containing C had average daily feed intakes (ADFI) and ADG
      similar to those of pigs fed the 13% protein diet / Lys. Main effect comparisons
      among the 13% protein groups indicated that C increased (P less than .05) ADFI
      and ADG and that Lys increased (P less than .01) ADG and G:F ratio. In Exp. 2,
      the initial pig weight for the 28 d starter period averaged 7.4 kg. A 28 d grower
      period followed, in which the protein level was lowered 2% across treatments. The
      high and low dietary protein level sequences consisted of 18 and 15%,
      respectively, during the starter period followed by 16 and 13%, respectively,
      during the grower period. Lys and(or) Trp additions were also lowered from .18
      and .05% to .15 and .04%, respectively. The overall 56 d performance indicated
      that pigs fed the low protein dietary sequence supplemented with either Lys or C
      had ADFI and ADG similar to those of the high protein dietary sequence positive
      control group and greater (P less than .05) than those of the low protein
      negative control group. The combination of Lys + C further increased (P less than
      .05) the ADG over that of the high protein sequence group. Overall main effect
      comparisons among the low protein dietary sequence groups indicated that either
      added Lys or C increased (P less than .01) ADFI and ADG, with added Lys also
      increasing G:F ratio. However, added Trp did not improve any performance
      characteristics. These results indicate that C had a Lys sparing effect in low
      protein corn-soybean meal diets fed to young pigs.

PMID- 6816783
TI  - Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin response to
      photoperiod during the estrous cycle of Holstein heifers.
AB  - The objectives were to determine if photoperiods of 8 h light:16 h dark (8L:16D)
      and 16L:8D affect time of day when preovulatory surges of luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) occur and if photoperiods affect
      diestrus and estrous concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL). Postpubertal
      Holstein heifers were assigned to receive either 8L:16D (n - 9) or 16L:8D (n = 9)
      from September 21 through January 31. Hormone concentrations were determined in
      serum collected at 2-h intervals during diestrus and estrus of a single estrous
      cycle in autumn and again 4 mo later, during a single estrous cycle in winter.
      Neither photoperiod nor season affected time of day at which preovulatory LH and
      FSH surges occurred in heifers. The LH surges did not differ in amplitude and
      duration within and between photoperiods and within individual animals. In 29 of
      33 surges, peak concentrations of FSH coincided with peaks of LH. Peak
      concentrations of FSH were greater during the winter than during autumn in
      heifers exposed to 8L:16D, but were not different between autumn and winter in
      heifers exposed to 16L:8D. Between autumn and winter, surges of FSH were similar
      in magnitude and duration within individual animals. In comparison with 8L:16D,
      PRL was increased in heifers that received 16L:8D in autumn, but photoperiod had
      no effect on PRL during winter. Concentrations of PRL were increased at estrus
      relative to diestrus in autumn and winter. It is concluded that photoperiods of 8
      and 16 h do not affect the timing, amplitude or pattern of preovulatory surges of
      LH or FSH, the rise in PRL associated with estrus, or length of estrous cycles in
      postpubertal Holstein heifers.

PMID- 6816784
TI  - Role of the coat in resistance of bacterial spores to inactivation by ethylene
      oxide.

PMID- 6816785
TI  - Resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics and
      degradation of lincosamide antibiotics in streptococci from bovine mastitis.

PMID- 6816786
TI  - Determination and thin layer chromatographic confirmation of identity of
      aflatoxins B1 and M1 in artificially contaminated beef livers: collaborative
      study.
AB  - An international collaborative study involving 13 laboratories was conducted to
      test methods for the determination and thin layer chromatographic (TLC)
      confirmation of identity of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in beef liver. For the
      determination, each collaborator furnished fresh or frozen beef liver. Samples
      were artificially contaminated by adding solutions containing various
      concentrations of aflatoxins B1 and M1 (0.032-0.69 ng/g). Two TLC confirmation
      methods were tested with extracts obtained from the determination. Two
      measurement methods using 2-dimensional TLC were evaluated. In the first, sample
      extracts were compared directly with B1 and M1 standards on TLC plates; in the
      second, internal standards plus sample extracts were compared with B1 and M1
      standards on the plates. Average within-laboratory coefficients of variation (CV)
      for the direct method were 26% for B1 and 26% for M1 compared with 24 and 26%,
      respectively, for the internal standard method. The average between-laboratory CV
      values were 39% for B1 and 41% for M1 by the direct method and 36% for B1 and 39%
      for M1 by the internal method and 36% for B1 and 39% for M1 by the internal
      standard method. Recoveries ranged from 64 to 90% for B1 and from 72 to 86% for
      M1. These data indicate that the more convenient direct method was sufficient,
      and internal standards were unnecessary. An analysis of variance was calculated
      from combined sample data to determine components of variance. The within
      laboratory CV values were 27.0 and 32.3% for B1 and M1, respectively, and the
      between-laboratory CV values were 47.1 and 53.2%, respectively. Both TLC
      confirmation methods gave satisfactory results and have been adopted official
      first action, along with the determination method.

PMID- 6816787
TI  - Chronic diazepam treatment in psychiatric outpatients.
AB  - Anxiety symptoms and plasma diazepam and desmethyldiazepam were assessed in 50
      male outpatient veterans with primary chronic anxiety symptoms who had been
      taking an average of 17.7 mg of diazepam per day for a mean of 4.9 years. These
      subjects were moderately anxious (mean Hamilton Anxiety Scale score = 23) despite
      their chronic diazepam use. Although tolerance could explain this inadequate
      anxiolytic effect, the absence of a significant correlation between duration of
      use and either diazepam dose or any of the three anxiety measures argues against
      this hypothesis. The findings of modest diazepam dose and plasma concentration
      (mean=324 ng/ml) and of a trend toward a positive correlation between anxiety
      level and both dose and plasma level suggest inadequate dosage as a more likely
      explanation for the subjects' continued anxiety.

PMID- 6816788
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of antidepressants.
AB  - It is not the purpose of this paper to dismiss the possibility that tricyclics
      may somehow cause cardiac function to deteriorate, with resulting congestive
      heart failure. Any patient with heart disease should receive intense clinical
      scrutiny for the development of cardiac symptoms--dyspnea on exertion, ankle
      edema, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, rales, and the presence of an S3
      are never taken lightly. These parameters should be monitored because the patient
      has cardiac disease, not because he or she is on a tricyclic antidepressant.

PMID- 6816789
TI  - Purification and properties of beta-alanine aminotransferase from rabbit liver.
AB  - beta-Alanine aminotransferase from rabbit liver has been purified 1,700-fold over
      the initial liver extract. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by
      disc electrophoresis and SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The molecular weight
      of the purified enzyme determined by gel filtration was 95,000 +/- 5,700 and the
      subunit molecular weight was 48,000 +/- 2,100. The enzyme showed absorption
      maxima at 282, 330, and 414 nm and contained only 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate/mol of dimer. The pH optimum for enzyme activity was 8.8 and the Km
      values for beta-alanine and 2-oxoglutaric acid were calculated to be 3.9 and 1.4
      mM, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed transamination of various omega-amino
      acids with 2-oxoglutaric acid, which was a favourable amino acceptor. beta
      Alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, which are
      naturally occurring substrates, were preferred amino donors, but taurine,
      alanine, ornithine, spermine, and spermidine were not. 6-Azauracil inhibited the
      enzyme activity with a Ki of approximately 1.5 mM. From the above properties,
      beta-alanine aminotransferase from rabbit liver was seen to closely resemble with
      4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase from liver and brain.

PMID- 6816790
TI  - Biosynthesis of lactosylceramide and paragloboside by human lactose synthase A
      protein.
AB  - Lactosylceramide and paragloboside were synthesized from their precursor
      glycolipids and UDP-galactose by lactose synthase A protein [UDP-Gal : GlcNAc
      beta-4-galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.22] purified to homogeneity from human
      plasma. The partially purified human liver enzyme and an extract from human
      lymphoblastoid cells also exhibited the above activities. Rabbit antibody against
      the purified human plasma lactose synthase A protein neutralized the glycolipid
      synthesis activity as well as the activity for lactose synthesis by the enzyme
      preparations from plasma, liver and lymphoblastoid cells. These results suggest
      that lactose synthase A protein existing in plasma, liver and lymphoblastoid
      cells can synthesize not only lactose but also lactosylceramide and paragloboside
      in vitro. The enzyme could play a role in the synthesis of these two glycolipids
      in vivo.

PMID- 6816791
TI  - Monkey pepsinogens and pepsins. VI. One-step activation of Japanese monkey
      pepsinogen to pepsin.
AB  - When Japanese monkey pepsinogen was activated at pH 2.0 in the absence of
      pepstatin, the activation segment of the amino(N)-terminal 47 residues was
      released as a single intact polypeptide. This clearly shows that the pepsinogen
      was activated to pepsin directly. This direct activation was called a 'one-step'
      process. On the other hand, when pepsinogen was activated at pH 2.0 in the
      presence of pepstatin, an appreciable amount of pepsinogen was converted to an
      intermediate form between pepsinogen and pepsin, although a part of pepsinogen
      was activated directly to pepsin. The intermediate form was generated by
      releasing the N-terminal 25 residues of pepsinogen. This activation through the
      intermediate form is thought to be a 'two-step' or 'stepwise-activating' process
      involving a bimolecular reaction between pepstatin-bound pepsinogen and free
      pepsin.

PMID- 6816792
TI  - Tetrahymena alpha-type DNA polymerase A: purification and subunit analysis.
AB  - DNA polymerase A (an alpha-type polymerase) from the ciliate, Tetrahymena
      pyriformis, has been purified 260,000-fold (40,000 units/mg protein). The
      polymerase A did not show any heterogeneity in terms of size and charge during
      purification. Enzymatic properties of the DNA polymerase A remained unchanged
      during the purification. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that in the
      first dimension (isoelectric focusing agarose gel), the activity of the purified
      enzyme was focused at around pH 5.5 and that in the second dimension (sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel), 135,000- and 66,000-dalton polypeptides
      emerged from the activity peak at a stoichiometric ratio of about 1:3. The native
      molecular weight of the DNA polymerase A estimated from the stoichiometric
      subunit ratio approximately coincided with that estimated from gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-200 under low ionic strength conditions. The present results strongly
      suggest the existence of a common high-molecular-weight catalytic core subunit in
      alpha-type polymerases of eukaryotes.

PMID- 6816793
TI  - The effects of vinblastine on the cell structure and activity in the rat incisor
      enamel organ during the secretory stage in vivo as shown by radioautography using
      3H-proline, 3H-serine and 3H-fucose.
AB  - Four hours after injection of vinblastine sulphate (VBL) the cells of the enamel
      organ of the rat incisor showed: 1) loss of polarity in the tall secretory
      ameloblasts--secretory granules, which were lacking in the Tomes processes
      accumulated in the supranuclear area; condensing vacuoles also accumulated near
      dictyosomes; enlarged intercellular spaces without disruption of intercellular
      junctions; lysosomal structures and autophagic vacuoles. 2) an increase of
      lysosome-like structures in the outer enamel epithelium, the stellate reticulum
      and the stratum intermedium. 3) a severe reduction in number of free ribosomes in
      the stratum intermedium as well as an increase in size of the Golgi complex:
      numerous electron lucent vesicles appeared. These findings as well as
      radioautographic data demonstrated 1) the impairment of secretory activity of
      ameloblasts. 2) the restriction of permeability in the enamel organ suggesting
      strong interaction between VBL and the membranes.

PMID- 6816794
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide E2 isomerase is dissociated from prostaglandin
      endoperoxide synthetase in the renal cortex.
AB  - The rate of arachidonic acid metabolism by prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide
      synthetase by the rabbit renal cortex (approximately 200 pmol/mg of protein/min)
      is very slow compared to medulla (approximately 2000 pmol/mg/min). However, by
      using PGH2 as a substrate and limiting reaction times, we were able to directly
      measure the endoperoxide-dependent PGE2 isomerase and found that both the cortex
      and medulla possess high levels of this activity (approximately pmol/mg/min). The
      PG endoperoxide E2 isomerase is dependent on reduced glutathione, but not
      cysteine, and is inactivated by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or boiling. Thus, the
      renal medulla appears to exhibit an efficient coupling of cyclooxygenase and PG
      endoperoxide E2 isomerase, whereas the cortex has a vast excess of endoperoxide
      dependent enzyme.

PMID- 6816795
TI  - Purification and characterization of thiol proteinase inhibitor from rat liver.
AB  - A thiol proteinase inhibitor was purified from rat liver by essentially the same
      procedure as reported previously (Kominami, E., Wakamatsu, N., and Katunuma, N.
      (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99, 568-575), but without heat treatment.
      The purified inhibitor appears homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate and displayed no multiple forms. The
      inhibitor has Mr = 12,500 and contains 50.5% of polar amino acid residues, 9.3%
      aromatic amino acids, and no tryptophan. The presence of 2 half-cystines/molecule
      and the absence of free thiol groups indicate that the inhibitor possesses one
      disulfide bridges. The inhibitor inhibits cathepsin H by forming an enzyme
      inhibitor complex in a molar ratio of 1:1. It inhibits most thiol proteinases
      such as cathepsin H, L, B, and C, papain, and ficin, but not calcium-activated
      neutral proteinase or serine proteinases or carboxyl proteinases. The inhibitor
      was found in various rat tissues. Immunological diffusion analysis with anti
      liver thiol proteinase inhibitor serum indicated that the rat liver inhibitor is
      immunologically identical with the inhibitors from other rat tissues. On
      subcellular fractionation of rat liver, the thiol proteinase inhibitor was
      recovered in the cytosol fraction.

PMID- 6816796
TI  - Comparison of properties of thiol proteinase inhibitors from rat serum and liver.
AB  - Thiol proteinase inhibitors in rat serum were purified and their properties were
      compared with those of rat liver thiol proteinase inhibitor. The inhibitors in
      rat serum were separated into three forms (S-1, S-2, and S-3) by linear gradient
      elution from a DE52 column. One inhibitor (S1) was purified to homogeneity by
      chromatography on ficin-bound Sepharose and Sephadex G-150 columns. The apparent
      molecular weights of S1, S2, and S3 on Sephadex G-150 columns were 90,000,
      95,000, and 160,000, respectively. Serum thiol proteinase inhibitor and liver
      thiol proteinase differed in the following: 1) all three forms of serum inhibitor
      had much higher molecular weights than the liver thiol proteinase inhibitor (Mr =
      12,500); 2) no cross-reactivity was observed between serum inhibitors and liver
      inhibitor in tests with either antiserum inhibitor or anti-liver antiserum; 3)
      both serum inhibitor and liver inhibitor were specific for thiol proteinases, but
      had different inhibition spectra; 4) the liver inhibitor did not bind to
      concanavalin A-Sepharose, whereas the serum inhibitor bound and was eluted with
      alpha-methyl mannoside. A thiol proteinase inhibitor of high molecular weight
      detected in tissue homogenates inhibited papain markedly but did not inhibit
      cathepsin H. Its activity was diminished by perfusion of the organ, indicating
      that it is derived from serum.

PMID- 6816797
TI  - Relationship between state of aggregation and catalytic activity for cytochrome P
      450LM2 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.
AB  - The detergent 1-O-n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (octylglucoside) was found to
      replace the phospholipid requirement in the demethylation of benzphetamine by
      cytochrome P-450LM2 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from
      phenobarbital-treated rabbit liver. At low enzyme concentration (0.1 microM) in
      the absence of glycerol and phosphate, the maximum rate of benzphetamine-specific
      NADPH oxidation was approximately 35% of that observed in the presence of
      dilauroylglyceryl-3-phosphoryl choline. At higher enzyme concentration (2.5
      microM) and in the presence of 0.15 M phosphate, 20% glycerol, octylglucoside was
      as effective as phospholipid in stimulating the production of formaldehyde from
      benzphetamine. The detergent concentration required for maximal enzymatic
      activity was 2.5-4.0 g/liter, depending on the cytochrome preparation used. At
      higher octylglucoside concentrations (5-7 g/liter), activity decreased to zero,
      although neither enzyme appeared to be irreversibly denatured at these detergent
      concentrations. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments with P-450LM2 alone or in
      the presence of equimolar reductase showed that increasing octylglucoside levels
      promoted disaggregation of the cytochrome. Pentamers and hexamers predominated at
      detergent concentrations where maximal activity was observed, while higher levels
      of detergent where activity was absent produced cytochrome dimers and,
      ultimately, monomers. The reductase was monomeric at detergent levels between at
      least 3 and 7 g/liter. Moreover, both gel filtration and sedimentation
      equilibrium experiments demonstrated that a stable complex between P-450LM2 and
      its reductase was not formed at octylglucoside concentrations where high activity
      was evident. These results are consistent with a model of P-450/reductase
      interaction in which functional aggregates of three to six cytochrome
      polypeptides move laterally in the microsomal membrane and interact with the
      reductase by random collision.

PMID- 6816798
TI  - Characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandin D2 in human
      platelet-rich plasma.
AB  - The biosynthetic mechanism of prostaglandin D2 in human platelet-rich plasma has
      been investigated. Platelet-rich plasma was separated into washed platelets and
      platelet-poor plasma, and [1-14C]prostaglandin H2 was incubated with each
      fraction. The enzymatic conversion of the endoperoxide to prostaglandin D2 was
      found only in platelet-poor plasma and not in washed platelets or platelet
      lysate. This prostaglandin D synthetase activity was purified to homogeneity and
      identified as serum albumin by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and immunoelectrophoresis. The optimal pH
      and Km value for prostaglandin H2 were 9.0 and 6 microM, respectively.
      Glutathione was not required for the activity. Although prostaglandin H2 ws
      converted to prostaglandin D2 and E2 in the reaction, only the prostaglandin D2
      formation was dependent on the protein amount and abolished by prior boiling. The
      action of this activity under physiological conditions was examined in a model
      system constituted of serum albumin and washed platelets. Prostaglandin D2
      formation was observed in association with thrombin-evoked platelet aggregation
      in this system and was proportional to the number of platelets and the
      concentration of serum albumin, suggesting that thrombin-stimulated platelets
      released prostaglandin H2, and the latter compound was then converted to
      prostaglandin D2 by the action of serum albumin. Consistent with this
      interpretation, prostaglandin H2 added to platelet-rich plasma was converted in
      part to prostaglandin D2, and the aggregation caused by this endoperoxide was
      greatly enhanced by neutralizing the action of prostaglandin D2 with anti
      prostaglandin D2 antiserum.

PMID- 6816799
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glycine-rich gelatin-binding protein, a plasma
      glycoprotein which interacts with gelatin, arginine, heparin, and hyaluronic
      acid.
AB  - A gelatin-binding protein was isolated from porcine blood plasma by affinity
      chromatography in sequence on columns of Sepharose 4B coupled with gelatin,
      arginine, and heparin and by gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. The protein
      was bound strongly to the arginine column and thus could be separated from
      fibronectin. It reacted with concanavalin A and contained about 5% carbohydrate
      consisting of neutral sugars (2.6% by weight), hexosamine (1.5%), and sialic acid
      (0.55%). The glycoprotein also showed an interaction with hyaluronic acid, but
      not with unsubstituted Sepharose 4B. It consisted of 8 to 10 disulfide-linked
      subunits of about 47,000 daltons and contained more glycine and less proline than
      fibronectin. Thus we tentatively named this glycoprotein glycine-rich gelatin
      binding protein (GGP). GGP did not react with antifibronectin antiserum. These
      results indicate that GGP is a glycoprotein which is distinct from fibronectin.
      However, there remains a possibility that GGP may be derived in vivo from
      fibronectin.

PMID- 6816800
TI  - Heterogeneity of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of five glycosylation sites
      on immunoglobulin M heavy chain from mineral oil plasmacytoma 104E.
AB  - Mouse myeloma immunoglobulin IgM heavy chains were cleaved with cyanogen bromide
      into nine peptide fragments, four of which contain asparagine-linked sites of
      glycosylation. Three of these glycopeptides contain a single site located at
      asparagines 171, 403, and 563 in the sequence of the intact heavy chain. Another
      glycopeptide contains two sites of glycosylation at asparagines 332 and 364. All
      sites contain multiple oligosaccharide structures with a trend towards increased
      processing from the COOH to the NH2 terminus. Structures present at asparagine
      563, located only exclusively high mannose oligosaccharides. Asparagine 403,
      located penultimate to the COOH terminus, has a major component that is of a
      complex nature but is incompletely processed. Other sites contain predominantly
      complex structures consisting of biantennary or triantennary branches. The
      unusual structure found at asparagine 403 contains fucose even though only one
      branch has been processed to a terminal galactose. These studies suggest that
      each site has a unique set of heterogeneous oligosaccharides derived from a
      complex processing system which utilizes a combination of "position completeness"
      and polypeptide structure to determine final carbohydrate structure.

PMID- 6816802
TI  - Role of glutathione peroxidase and hexose monophosphate shunt in the platelet
      lipoxygenase pathway.

PMID- 6816801
TI  - Induction by mitomycin C of recA protein synthesis in bacteria and spheroplasts.
AB  - The effect of mitomycin C on the synthesis of recA protein in Escherichia coli
      has been analyzed in a variety of conditions, using an immunoradiometric assay
      (Paoletti, C., Salles, B., and Giacomoni, P. U. (1982) Biochimie 64, 239-246). In
      exponentially growing cultures of E. coli AB 1157, the addition of mitomycin C (5
      micrograms/ml) promotes a 15-fold increase of the content of recA protein with
      respect to the basal level. Kinetic analysis of this induction shows that the
      maximum is reached 60 to 90 min after the addition of the drug and then the level
      decreases. In an uvrA mutant treated with mitomycin C the level of recA protein
      reaches a maximum within an hour and afterwards it does not decrease. Treatment
      of exponentially growing cells with EDTA and lysozyme induces a 3-fold increase
      of recA protein content, in comparison to the basal level. When such spheroplasts
      are added with mitomycin or nalidixic acid, a striking increase of the recA
      protein content in the spheroplast suspension is observed, which tends to level
      off an hour and a half after the addition of the drugs. The maximum level of recA
      protein content is five times the level measured after lysozyme treatment, i.e.
      15 times the basal level in exponentially growing cells.

PMID- 6816803
TI  - Genetic and developmental regulation of mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase) activity varies 2
      fold in liver extracts prepared from different inbred mouse strains. The strain
      specific variation is not present in kidney extracts of male mice and is
      developmentally specific in the liver, occurring in mice 25 days of age and
      older. Neither electrophoretic nor heat lability properties of the enzyme from 15
      day-old animals are different from the enzyme in adult mice. Analysis of genetic
      crosses and recombinant inbred lines confirms that a single genetic locus,
      designated Adh-1-t, with additive alleles has a major effect in controlling the
      temporal difference in enzyme activity between strains. This enzyme has been
      purified from mouse liver, and antibodies to the enzyme have been produced in a
      goat. Quantitative immunoprecipitation reveals that a given quantity of antibody
      immunoprecipitates equivalent protein and enzyme activity from liver extracts
      prepared from high and low strain mice and from 5-day-old and adult mice. Enzyme
      from high and low strains can be purified to the same specific activity and has
      indistinguishable electrophoretic and heat denaturation properties. This evidence
      supports the hypothesis that the high liver activity in C57BL/6 mice is due to
      the presence of more enzyme molecules/g of liver than is found in low activity
      mice. Using radiolabeling and specific immunoprecipitation of alcohol
      dehydrogenase, it has been established that high level mice (C57BL/6) have a 2
      fold greater relative rate of synthesis of liver alcohol dehydrogenase than is
      found in low strain mice (C3H). Thus, the action of the Adh-1-t locus in the
      mouse is to control the level of alcohol dehydrogenase protein in the liver by
      controlling the rate of synthesis of this enzyme.

PMID- 6816805
TI  - Biochemical and morphological properties of bovine erythrocyte membrane
      glycoproteins.
AB  - The major and minor sialoglycoproteins of the bovine erythrocyte have been
      solubilized and extensively purified. A comparison of composition revealed that
      the major glycoprotein had 77% carbohydrate and 23% peptide, and the minor one
      had 27% carbohydrate and 73% peptide. Molar ratios of sugars were related,
      however, the major glycoprotein had twice as much galactose and sialic acid as
      did the minor glycoprotein. Molecular weights, estimated from retardation
      coefficients of mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, were
      55,000 for the major glycoprotein and 34,000 for the minor glycoprotein. The
      glycoproteins were studied by electron microscopy before and after delipidation
      and after ultracentrifugation. The major glycoprotein, prior to delipidation,
      formed large micelles. After delipidation, the major glycoprotein could not be
      visualized suggesting that it did not form aggregates in aqueous solution. The
      minor glycoprotein was visualized as rather uniform spherical aggregates (62 A
      average diameter) which tended to form short chains and small clumps. These
      characteristic aggregates were seen both before and after delipidation. After
      ultracentrifugation, fixation and sectioning both glycoproteins appeared to have
      formed microcrystalline arrays with average periodicity of 49 A.

PMID- 6816804
TI  - An early mitosis-determining event in regenerating rat liver and its possible
      mediation by prostaglandins or thromboxane.
AB  - Inhibitors of prostaglandin and thromboxane production such as mefenamic acid,
      hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone prevented a large proportion of the parenchymal
      cells of rat liver, proliferatively activated by a two-thirds partial
      hepatectomy, from entering mitosis without preventing them from initiating or
      completing DNA synthesis. This specific mitosis-inhibiting action was maximum
      when the drugs were present during the first few hours after partial hepatectomy.
      In contrast, indomethacin, another inhibitor of prostaglandin and thromboxane
      production, maximally inhibited both DNA synthetic and mitotic activities when
      present during the same early period of prereplicative development, which showed
      that it had an action not shared by the other inhibitors. Arachidonic acid
      completely reversed the hydrocortisone- or dexamethasone-induced inhibition of
      mitotic activity, but it did so only when it was injected between 2 and 3 hours
      after partial hepatectomy and glucocorticoid injection. Arachidonate's reversal
      of the hydrocortisone-induced inhibition did not occur in the presence of
      mefenamic acid. These observations indicate that there is an early, prostaglandin
      or thromboxane-mediated, prereplicative process in proliferatively activated
      hepatocytes which determines their later entry into mitosis and which is separate
      from the early events leading to DNA synthesis.

PMID- 6816806
TI  - [Terminolateral portacaval shunt does not prevent hepatic regeneration after 65%
      hepatectomy in the dog. Value of parenteral nutritional support].
AB  - Lack of portal blood supply to the liver induced by end to side porto-caval shunt
      leads to liver atrophy but does not prevent hepatic regeneration after 65%
      hepatectomy in the dog. This work demonstrates the usefulness of parenteral
      nutritive support with a branched-chain amino acids enriched essential amino
      acids solution in helping hepatic function restoration by comparison of three
      groups of animals which were fed either parenterally (two groups) or per os (1
      group).

PMID- 6816807
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline after
      derivatization with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulphonyl chloride.

PMID- 6816808
TI  - Quantitation of radiolabeled compounds eluting from the HPLC system.
AB  - Three techniques are compared for the quantitation of various radiolabeled
      compounds eluting in the high performance liquid chromatography system. The first
      technique requires fraction-collecting the effluent from the HPLC, removing an
      aliquot to scintillation vials, and counting each fraction in a liquid
      scintillation counter. The second uses direct interface of the HPLC effluent to a
      flow-through radioactivity detector. The third involves quantitation of various
      radiolabeled compounds (proteins, steroids, and nucleotides) by splitting the
      effluent from the HPLC with an electronic steam splitter, thus diverting a
      present portion to the fraction collector for further chemical characterization
      and the remainder to the radioactivity flow detector for direct quantitation. A
      direct comparison of the chromatograms and the radioactivity counting
      efficiencies of these three techniques is presented.

PMID- 6816809
TI  - Diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity: possible
      implications for obesity and hypertension.
AB  - The sympathetic nervous system responds to changes in caloric intake; caloric
      restriction decreases and carbohydrate administration increases sympathetic
      nervous system activity in animals and man. Insulin may be a major link between
      changes in dietary intake and changes in central sympathetic outflow. Caloric
      restriction reduces, and carbohydrate administration increases blood pressure in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats, changes consistent with a primary effect of
      caloric intake on sympathetic nervous system activity. Stimulation of the
      sympathetic nervous system by overfeeding may contribute to the development and
      maintenance of hypertension in biologically-predisposed animals and man. The
      association of obesity and hypertension may reflect chronic overfeeding, although
      diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity may affect blood
      pressure in non-obese individuals as well.

PMID- 6816810
TI  - T gamma (T gamma) cells suppress growth of erythroid colony-forming units in
      vitro in the pure red cell aplasia of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - In vitro studies were performed in two patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia who developed pure red cell aplasia (CLL-PRCA). During the active phase
      of their red cell aplasia, there was a marked reduction in the numbers of
      erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E). Unfractionated sera or separated IgG
      fractions from these patients did not impair CFU-E proliferation from either
      autologous or allogeneic marrows. Increased numbers of T lymphocytes were present
      in marrow aspirates of these patients. Analysis of these T cells indicated that
      90 and 35%, respectively, bore Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma cells). Removal of T
      cells by E-rosetting techniques augmented CFU-E growth in CLL-PRCA 10-fold.
      Similar treatment of normal marrows did not cause similar enhanced growth of CFU
      E. Co-cultures of marrow T cells or T gamma cells obtained during the active
      phase of CLL-PRCA suppressed CFU-E growth from autologous or allogeneic marrows.
      After achieving drug-induced remission of the PRCA, marrow T cells were no longer
      inhibitory. In contrast, BFU-E (erythroid burst-forming units) or granulocyte
      proliferation in diffusion chambers were not suppressed by CLL-PRCA T cells.
      These findings suggest that the development of PRCA in B-cell CLL may result from
      suppression of CFU-E proliferation by T gamma cells.

PMID- 6816812
TI  - Screening for organicity: the problem of subtle neuropsychological deficit and
      diagnosis.
AB  - Considered the clinical efficacy of a promising test used to screen for organic
      brain dysfunction in adults by applying that measure to several types of
      epileptic patient samples (N = 60) in comparison to control Ss (N = 15). Results
      indicate that the Canter Background Interference Procedure for the Bender-Gestalt
      Test cannot differentiate such neurological groups from controls and that its hit
      rate in such diagnostic situations is disappointingly low. The issue of assessing
      subtle yet significant disorders is discussed with recommendations to consider
      the nature of the referral question and aspects of the patient's history in
      deciding upon appropriate test applications and to maintain a flexible approach
      in neuropsychological differential evaluations.

PMID- 6816811
TI  - Synergistic activation by collagen and 15-hydroxy-9 alpha,11 alpha-peroxidoprosta
      5,13-dienoic acid (PGH2) of phosphatidylinositol metabolism and arachidonic acid
      release in human platelets.
AB  - Collagen stimulates the activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific
      phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10) in human platelets, as manifested by the
      disappearance of PI, the transient formation of diacylglycerol (DG), and release
      of myoinositol. Platelets exposed to collagen also form lysophosphatidylinositol
      (LPI). Maximum formation of DG occurs within 60 s of the addition of collagen and
      is in proportion to the concentration of collagen provided, up to 100
      micrograms/2 x 10(9) platelets/ml. Hydrolysis of PI, formation of DG, and release
      of arachidonic acid are all inhibited approximately 68% by aspirin or
      indomethacin, both of which inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase. This inhibition is
      reversed by the product of cyclooxygenase activity, 15-hydroxy - 9 alpha,11 alpha
      - peroxidoprosta - 5,13 - dienoic acid (PGH2), or by the PGH2 analogue and
      agonist, U-46619. The counteracting effects of either PGH2 or the PGH2 analogue
      can be blocked, in turn, by a PGH2 antagonist, U-51605. Neither PGH2 nor its
      stable analogue is, by itself, an efficient stimulus for PI breakdown to DG and
      LPI in platelets. However, in conjunction with collagen, these agents
      synergistically promote the net breakdown of PI and the release of arachidonic
      acid in aspirin-treated platelets. Our findings thereby imply that PGH2 has an
      important role in regulating both the release of its precursor, arachidonic acid,
      and the metabolism of PI induced by collagen. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP or
      prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a prostaglandin that elevates concentrations of cAMP in
      platelets by stimulating adenylate cyclase, inhibits the hydrolysis of PI induced
      by collagen by 70%. The activation of PI metabolism by collagen appears to be
      inhibited by cAMP independently of any effects of this inhibitor on the formation
      of PGH2.

PMID- 6816813
TI  - "Injection cavitation" in blood.

PMID- 6816814
TI  - Ultrasonically determined menstrual age as an indicator of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 6816815
TI  - Fetal head and abdominal circumferences: I. Evaluation of measurement errors.
AB  - Several sources of error associated with the measurement of fetal head and
      abdominal circumferences (HC, AC) were examined using dynamic image ultrasound.
      Statistically significant systematic intraobserver errors were not seen unless
      technical differences in the images were present (HC only) and the range for
      random errors was 4-5% (2 SD) for both measurements. Although differences in the
      procedures used to acquire images for measurement had some effect on accuracy (HC
      only), the primary source of variations in measurements made by different
      investigators was the measurement methods. Different measuring devices gave
      different results and different investigators used the same devices differently.
      Under optimal measuring conditions, the interobserver error for experienced
      investigators was 1.2 (+/-4.3 SD)% for HC and 2.4 (+/-1.6 SD)% for AC. Comparison
      of prenatal and postnatal measurements indicated that there were no systematic
      differences for HC but for AC, the prenatal measurements were 6% greater. Random
      differences were +/-6% (2 SD) for HC and +/-13% (2 SD) for AC.

PMID- 6816816
TI  - Fetal head and abdominal circumferences: II. A critical re-evaluation of the
      relationship to menstrual age.
AB  - Dynamic image ultrasound was utilized to re-examine the changes in head and
      abdominal circumferences (HC, AC) with gestational age in normal fetuses. Data
      collected in a cross-sectional study of fetal growth were evaluated using
      mathematical modeling techniques. The results of this analysis indicated that a
      linear-cubic function optimally fits the HC data (R2 = 97.3%) while the AC data
      was fitted optimally by a linear function (R2 = 95.5%). The predicted values
      calculated from these functions were in very close agreement [mean deviation
      (absolute value): 1.97% (HC), 1.38% (AC)] with those calculated from average
      functions for HC and AC obtained in a previous longitudinal growth study.
      Variability was not constant throughout pregnancy for either HC or AC. With HC
      the normal range changed from +/-1.5 cm to +/-2.5 cm at 28 wk (menstrual age).
      The AC variability increased progressively with increasing menstrual age and was
      shown to be related to the predicted AC value. The normal range was found to be
      13% of the predicted AC value throughout pregnancy. Based on these results, a new
      set of normal HC and AC values for the 12-40 wk (menstrual age) period is
      presented.

PMID- 6816817
TI  - Ultrasonographic patterns in hepatic hemangiomas.
AB  - Twenty-one cases of hepatic hemangioma were examined by ultrasound, and three
      main sonographic patterns were identified. In 14 cases hyperechoic focal areas
      were observed, in five cases larger hemangiomas exhibited a complex pattern, and
      in two cases hemangiomas appeared as rounded sonolucent areas with distal
      enhancement mimicking cysts. Hemangiomas may have significantly variable
      ultrasonographic features. According to the authors' experience, only in cases of
      hyperechoic well-defined lesions in asymptomatic patients can a definite
      diagnosis of hemangioma be made.

PMID- 6816818
TI  - Ultrasound patterns of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder.
AB  - Eleven cases of sonographically detected metastatic disease to the gallbladder
      are reported. This paper represents the first comprehensive review of the
      ultrasonographic findings in this not infrequently encountered disease process.
      Four distinctive sonographic diagnostic patterns have evolved and are described.
      The suspicion of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder should be raised,
      particularly in the presence of focal gallbladder wall thickening in association
      with nonshadowing intraluminal soft tissue masses. In contrast to primary
      carcinomas of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis usually is absent. The differential
      diagnosis, which includes various benign conditions of the gallbladder, is
      discussed.

PMID- 6816819
TI  - Evaluation of right ventricular and right atrial size in children with atrial
      septal defect using two-dimensional apex echocardiography.
AB  - The ability of two-dimensional apex echocardiography to evaluate right
      ventricular and right atrial size was evaluated in 43 normal children and
      compared with 20 patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. From the apical
      four chamber view, the long axis length and short axis diameter of the right
      ventricle and right atrium were measured. The end-diastolic area of the right
      ventricle and end-systolic area of the right atrium were determined by
      planimetry. These data were indexed for body surface area. When compared with
      normal subjects, the area index of the right atrium and right ventricle were
      enlarged significantly in patients with a secundum atrial septal defect (p less
      than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Mean values for the short axis
      dimension of the right ventricle and for the short axis and long axis diameter of
      the right atrium were greater in atrial septal defect patients than in normal
      subjects (p less than 0.001 for all). However, when both groups were compared,
      considerable overlap existed between the dimension measurements. Right
      ventricular long axis length failed to separate the two groups. Thus, two
      dimensional apex echocardiography provides a noninvasive means of assessing right
      ventricular and right atrial size in children with an atrial septal defect.

PMID- 6816820
TI  - A variant position of the splenic artery mimicking the pancreatic duct.

PMID- 6816821
TI  - Sonographic findings of Zenker's diverticulum.

PMID- 6816822
TI  - Gray-scale findings in ectopic pregnancy resembling molar pregnancy and missed
      abortion.

PMID- 6816823
TI  - Ultrasound detection of cerebral cavitation following needle puncture of the
      lateral ventricles.

PMID- 6816824
TI  - Ultrasonographic, xeromammographic and histologic correlation of a
      fibroadenolipoma of the breast.

PMID- 6816825
TI  - Distortions of ultrasonic field introduced by the rib cage in echocardiography.
AB  - In ultrasonic examination of the heart, the anatomy and motion of heart
      structures can be observed by placing the ultrasonic transducer over an
      intercostal window adjacent to the sternum. The ultrasonic beam may be reflected,
      refracted, or scattered from its path by the ribs and soft tissues before
      reaching the target of interest. This interaction between the tissues and
      ultrasound beam, which introduces significant changes in ultrasonic beam
      characteristics, may result in considerable degradation of the lateral resolution
      of the ultrasonic system, determined largely by the beam width. In this paper,
      the effect of rib cage on the beam characteristics is examined. It is shown that
      the rib cage can produce severe distortions of the ultrasonic beam, namely,
      asymmetry in beam cross-section, alteration in beam diameter, and deflection of
      the beam from its central path. It is also demonstrated that this distortion is
      dependent upon transducer diameter, width of the intercostal window, and
      transducer angulation relative to the breast plate.

PMID- 6816826
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of intracardiac transvenous
      pacemaker leads.
AB  - A two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic study was performed on 40 consecutive
      patients presenting for a routine check-up of their transvenous pacemaker
      devices, in order to assess the visibility of the intracardiac portion of the
      pacemaker lead. In 34 patients (85%) the presence of the lead could be
      demonstrated satisfactorily. In 4 of these 34 patients the entire intracardiac
      portion of the pacing wire was imaged, in 20 the distal fragment bearing the
      electrode(s) was seen, and in 10 an intermediate segment was visible. In 6 of the
      40 patients (15%) the lead was not visible. In 3 of these 40 patients it was
      virtually impossible to image any cardiac structure. The less than 100%
      visibility of the pacing wire may be due to our randomized patient group with a
      high mean age of 75 years. We conclude that during follow-up examinations or when
      problems arise in patients with transvenous pacemakers, 2-D echocardiography may
      be an alternative to roentgenograms, especially if simultaneous information about
      heart function is desired or septal perforation is suspected. However, chest
      roentgenograms are still more accurate and remain the technique of choice under
      normal circumstances.

PMID- 6816827
TI  - Placental location in pregnancies following cesarean section.
AB  - Ultrasonic placentography was used to compare placental location in patients who
      had undergone previous Cesarean sections with those who had had vaginal
      deliveries. Results indicated that: (1) placental location was not influenced by
      existing uterine scars; (2) anterior uterine wall implantations occur with
      sufficient frequency (35%) to warrant ultrasonic placentography prior to third
      trimester amniocentesis for fetal maturity studies; and (3) lower anterior
      uterine segment implantations occur with sufficient frequency (8%) to warrant
      ultrasonic placentography prior to surgical entry of the lower uterine segment.

PMID- 6816828
TI  - Papillary renal cell carcinoma: ultrasonic/pathologic correlation.
AB  - Papillary renal cell carcinoma represents a separate clinicopathologic entity
      distinguished from nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma by angiography, microscopic
      pathology, and biological behavior. We correlated retrospectively 11 surgically
      proven papillary renal cell carcinomas with ultrasound patterns and gross
      pathologic findings. In addition, we reviewed retrospectively 65 surgically
      proven cases of nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma for sonographic patterns. Seven
      of 11 (64%) of the papillary tumors were less echogenic than the ipsilateral
      renal cortex (hypoechoic). Only 23% of the nonpapillary tumors were hypoechoic.
      These data suggest that renal papillary carcinoma tends to be hypoechoic on
      ultrasound. In most of the papillary cases, this hypoechoic pattern was due to a
      large central area of cystic necrosis within the tumor.

PMID- 6816829
TI  - Tricuspid valve prolapse: a common occurrence in the click-murmur syndrome.
AB  - Isolated mitral valve prolapse (MVP) may represent one end of a spectrum of
      disease involving dysfunction of multiple cardiac valves. Eighty-nine consecutive
      patients with MVP diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) were
      prospectively studied specifically to determine the incidence of tricuspid valve
      prolapse (TVP) and its clinical correlations. Criteria for prolapse of the
      atrioventricular (A-V) valves by 2-D echo included extension of the valve
      leaflets behind an imaginary line defining the valve annulus. Forty-one of 82
      patients with MVP had associated TVP. No significant differences existed between
      patients with isolated MVP and combined A-V valve prolapse with regard to sex,
      clinical history, symptoms, or physical examination. The parasternal long axis
      view was more sensitive than the apical four chamber view in diagnosing prolapse
      of either mitral or tricuspid valves. Thus, TVP is a frequent concomitant of MVP
      and occurs with equal frequency in both young and old patients.

PMID- 6816830
TI  - Acute bronchogenic cyst formation: diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 6816831
TI  - The sonographic appearance of milk of calcium in renal caliceal diverticuli.

PMID- 6816832
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of pulmonic valve endocarditis.

PMID- 6816833
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of cervical pregnancy.

PMID- 6816834
TI  - The Aicardi syndrome: demonstration of brain anomalies by ultrasound.

PMID- 6816835
TI  - Echocardiographic features of persistent right sinus venosus valve in adult.

PMID- 6816836
TI  - The in utero management of urinary outflow tract obstruction.

PMID- 6816837
TI  - Massive edema of the ovary.

PMID- 6816838
TI  - Effects of anti-epileptic drug treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin on the
      oral state of children and adolescents.
AB  - Oral conditions were studied in 48 children and adolescents who, during short or
      long periods, had been assigned to anti-epileptic drug treatment with
      carbamazepine or phenytoin. The individuals were diagnosed as suffering from
      partial seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and were distributed
      between three test groups according to the drug selected for treatment; patients
      on active carbamazepine (I) or phenytoin (II) medication, and patients previously
      treated with phenytoin (III). Untreated, newly diagnosed epileptics served as
      controls. The results showed that individuals treated with carbamazepine for an
      average of 3 years displayed no intra-oral side-effects from the drug treatment.
      Compared with those on carbamazepine medication the subjects treated with
      phenytoin demonstrated a significantly greater number of gingival units with
      increased probing depths, lower saliva secretion rates and lower salivary buffer
      capacities. In all groups a majority of the individuals showed unsatisfactory
      plaque control. As a consequence of the results of the investigation it appears
      justified, from a dental point of view, to support carbamazepine as the first
      drug of choice for treatment of the types of seizures mentioned.

PMID- 6816840
TI  - Cross-sensitization between ethylenediamine and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
      (EDTA)

PMID- 6816839
TI  - Alleviating gastrointestinal side effects of lithium carbonate by substituting
      lithium citrate.

PMID- 6816841
TI  - Public education program versus cost-effectiveness study.

PMID- 6816842
TI  - Heat stability of milk: influence of modification of lysine and arginine on the
      heat stability-pH profile.
AB  - Several dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal, substituted glyoxals, diacetyl and 1, 2
      cyclohexanedione) had a marked stabilizing effect on the heat stability of milk,
      especially in the presence of urea. These reagents are believed to modify
      arginine more or less specifically suggesting an important role for arginine
      residues in heat stability. In contrast, modification of lysine residues with
      dansyl chloride, acetic anhydride or cyanoborohydride had little effect on
      maximum heat stability although it did alter the HCT-pH profile. Since diacetyl
      is a natural constituent of fermented milks and cheese, it may be acceptable as
      an additive to increase the heat stability of milk.

PMID- 6816843
TI  - Stable and unstable casein micelles.
AB  - In milk, casein occurs as colloidal particles with an average size of about 100
      nm. These are stabilized against flocculation by an outer layer of several
      thousands of kappa-casein molecules. Stability of micelles is characterized by
      the magnitude of the Smoluchowskian flocculation rate constant, which during the
      renneting of milk nearly approaches the diffusion-controlled limit. The processes
      of the clotting of milk by rennet and the phenomena of age-thinning and age
      thickening of ultra-high temperature-sterilized, concentrated milks bear
      interesting kinetic resemblances. Both processes are characterized by a lag phase
      during which viscosity decreases, followed by an explosive increase in viscosity.
      In the milk-clotting process, the decrease can be explained by the proteolytic
      action of the renneting enzyme. This strongly suggests that age-thinning and age
      thickening are also caused by the action of a protease that survived the
      sterilization process. A quantitative check of this theory is difficult because
      of the apparently small amount of enzyme.

PMID- 6816844
TI  - A behavioral medicine perspective on adherence to long-term medical regimens.

PMID- 6816845
TI  - Relationship between frequency of pilocarpine administration and salivary IgA
      level.
AB  - The effect of repetitive administration of pilocarpine nitrate on the salivary
      volume and salivary IgA concentration was studied in the NIH white hamster. One
      and one-half to three-fold increases in salivary volume, coupled with decreases
      of 1/3 to 2/3 in IgA concentration, occurred as the frequency of administration
      of pilocarpine increased.

PMID- 6816846
TI  - Cardiovascular performance and oxyhemoglobin dissociation after acetazolamide in
      metabolic alkalosis.
AB  - In patients with metabolic alkalosis, compensatory alveolar hypoventilation may
      induce hypercapnia and hypoxemia. In edematous or normally-hydrated patients
      without electrolyte deficiencies, acetazolamide--a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-
      has been advocated to correct the primary acid-base disturbance, thereby
      preventing hypoxemia. The hemodynamic consequences and the effect on
      oxyhemoglobin dissociation of acetazolamide, were studied. Twelve critically ill
      patients with metabolic alkalosis were given 15 mg/kg body wt. acetazolamide
      intravenously. Cardiovascular performance was completely unchanged. The P50 was
      26.6 mm Hg at the beginning and the end of the study, indicating that hemoglobin
      oxygen affinity is unaffected by acetazolamide. In six patients, investigated
      after open-heart surgery, the arterial oxygen tension increased by 10-45%. This
      was probably related to the combined effects of slight reductions in total body
      oxygen consumption or shunting of venous blood through the lungs. Eight of the 12
      patients were on controlled ventilation. After acetazolamide there was a mean
      increase in mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (PvCO2) of 4.5 mm Hg, with no
      increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), indicating only a limited
      interference with carbon dioxide uptake and release of the carbonic anhydrase
      inhibition. No other adverse reactions were observed.

PMID- 6816848
TI  - Metabolism and fate of diflubenzuron in swine.

PMID- 6816847
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 6816849
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls in Mexican cereals and their packings.
AB  - The content of polychlorinated biphenyls in Mexican cereals and in their
      packaging materials was determined. All the samples had polychlorinated
      biphenyls. In all the food samples and in 73% of the packings, the concentrations
      of polychlorinated biphenyls exceeded the tolerance limits established by the
      U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A correlation was found between the values for
      polychlorinated biphenyls in the cereals and those in their packings, therefore,
      it is concluded that the main source of polychlorinated biphenyls in Mexican
      cereals is the transference of those present in the recycled paperboard used for
      the packings.

PMID- 6816852
TI  - The stroke patient: an individual challenge!

PMID- 6816850
TI  - Sex-dependency of hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - In mature female rats the administration of testosterone led to a striking
      reduction of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity, whereas the hepatic
      microsomal ethanol oxidizing system as well as catalase were both increased in
      activity under these experimental conditions. Conversely, estradiol left the
      activities of all hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes virtually unchanged.
      Ovariectomy also had little if any influence on the activity levels of the
      enzymes. There was a clear difference between the sexes in the hepatic alcohol
      metabolizing enzymes with higher enzymic activities of the microsomal ethanol
      oxidizing system and catalase in male than in female rats, whereas the opposite
      constellation was found for alcohol dehydrogenase activity. These data therefore
      indicate the sex-dependent nature of alcohol dehydrogenase, the hepatic
      microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and catalase activities in rat liver.

PMID- 6816853
TI  - Blood gas tensions and acid-base status in the fetal guinea-pig.
AB  - To establish reference values for blood gas tensions in the fetal guinea-pig,
      blood was obtained by cardiac puncture or by puncture of the umbilical vein and
      analysed for pH, PCO2, PO2, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), oxyhaemoglobin
      saturation (SO2), and packed red cell volume. The measurements were made near
      term of pregnancy, on the 61st-66th day, and the dams were anaesthetized with
      diazepam and sodium pentobarbitone. In the umbilical venous blood, mean values
      for pH, PCO2, PO2, Hb and SO2, respectively, were 7.324, 45.1 mmHg, 29.5 mmHg,
      8.8 mmol 1(-1), and 0.57 mol O2 per mol of haemoglobin monomer. The corresponding
      values for arterial blood from the heart were 7.265, 53.4 mmHg, 18.6 mmHg, 9.2
      mmol 1(-1) and 0.25. Thus, blood gas tensions in the fetal guinea-pig are much
      closer to those of fetal primates and ungulates than has been recognized
      previously.

PMID- 6816851
TI  - Estrogen induced enhancement of LHRH clearance in amenorrheic women.
AB  - In order to assess the effect of estrogen administration on LHRH metabolism in
      human plasma, plasma LHRH levels were determined in six amenorrheic women
      following iv injection of 500 ng synthetic LHRH before and after im injection of
      5 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) for 4 days. The plasma levels of LHRH reached a
      maximum 1.25 min after LHRH  administration, and they rapidly decreased in both
      situations. The initial disappearance of LHRH after EB treatment (half-life =
      1.87 +/- 0.15 min) was significantly (p less than 0.05) more rapid than that
      before treatment (half-life = 2.45 +/- 0.21 min). The mean basal levels of plasma
      estradiol significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from 15.2 pg/ml to 4,387
      pg/ml after EB treatment. Gonadotropin response to LHRH after EB treatment were
      not different from those before treatment. These data suggest that exogenous
      estrogen may stimulate the clearance of LHRH from the plasma of amenorrheic
      women.

PMID- 6816854
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy for the musculoskeletal system.

PMID- 6816855
TI  - A rapid and sensitive ELISA for serum ferritin employing a fluorogenic substrate.
AB  - A fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the rapid
      measurement of serum ferritin. Increased sensitivity was achieved by using 4
      methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate for beta
      galactosidase coupled to the purified antiferritin antibody. Further enhancement
      of the specific antigen-antibody reaction was attained by the addition of 4%
      polyethylene glycol 6000 to the antiferritin-beta-galactosidase conjugate. The
      procedure is performed in microELISA plates. These modifications of the method
      permit the measurement of serum ferritin at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to
      50 microgram/liter with a coefficient of variation of 8% or less. The entire
      procedure is performed at ambient temperature and is completed within one working
      day. The cost of the assay is less than 10% of the immunoradiometric assay for
      serum ferritin.

PMID- 6816856
TI  - Another example of haemopoietic (twin) chimaerism in a subject unaware of being a
      twin.
AB  - A fourth human blood group chimaera studies in Birmingham is an example of
      haemopoietic (twin) chimaerism in which the subject was unaware of being a twin.
      Chimaerism was discovered during routine antenatal serological investigation in
      which it was shown that the proposita has two red cell populations, one of the
      rhesus genotype rr, and the other R1r. Further studies showed that she has two
      populations of lymphocytes, one with the female karyotype, 46XX, and the other
      with the male karyotype, 46XY. Skin fibroblasts were all 46XX.

PMID- 6816857
TI  - Rats highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis obtained by
      crossing rats from strains with low susceptibility.
AB  - By crossing and back-crossing three strains of rats, Brown-Norway, Fischer, and
      PVG, none of which is definitely susceptible to experimental autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis (EAE), it is possible to obtain fully susceptible animals.
      Genetic analysis indicates the presence of Ir-genes in at least two of the
      strains (Fisher and PVG) related to the AgB complex, and genes of 'resistance'
      located on another chromosome. The latter appear to be different in the three
      strains; also the BN strain, which perhaps does not carry an IR-EAE gene,
      apparently carries effective genes of resistance.

PMID- 6816858
TI  - Impact of IFMC on inpatient service.

PMID- 6816859
TI  - [Pseudomonas putrefaciens isolated from clinical specimen].

PMID- 6816860
TI  - [Studies on Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The virulence and the therapeutic
      efficacy of antibiotics in mice].

PMID- 6816861
TI  - [Studies on Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Protective effects of antiserum and
      vaccine to infection].

PMID- 6816862
TI  - [Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella oxytoca in antibiotic-associated colitis].

PMID- 6816863
TI  - [Studies on the correlation between carrier state of streptococci and T
      antibody].

PMID- 6816864
TI  - [An outbreak of hepatitis B in an institution for mentally retarded children].

PMID- 6816865
TI  - [Studies of role of normal upper airway flora in lower respiratory tract
      infection by transtracheal aspiration].

PMID- 6816866
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of ara-A on herpes simplex virus encephalitis].

PMID- 6816867
TI  - [Two cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae carditis with arrhythmia].

PMID- 6816868
TI  - [An Experimental study of conduit graft containing 1.3% dialdehyde starch treated
      porcine aortic xenograft valve].

PMID- 6816869
TI  - [Surgery of congenital esophagobronchial fistula in an adult with esophageal
      diverticulum and anomalous bronchial division].

PMID- 6816870
TI  - [Nutritional support after open heart surgery].

PMID- 6816871
TI  - [Combined application of continuous positive pressure respiration and intravenous
      hyperalimentation in the successful treatment of chylothorax following surgery of
      esophageal cancer].

PMID- 6816872
TI  - [Study on the functions of synthesis and release of gonadotropins of the
      pituitary gland in human subjects by LH-RH 2-step test].
AB  - The pituitary gonadotropin response of synthesis and release to two step
      stimulation by 100 micrograms of LH-RH at 60 minutes interval was studied by
      radioimmunoassay of LH and FSH in normal menstrual cycling and menopause women
      and adult males. The blood samples were collected before LH-RH stimulation and
      30, 60, 90, 120 minute after the first stimulation, respectively. The value of
      delta 1 was defined as either higher value at 30 or 60 minute minus the value at
      0 minute. The value of delta 2 was defined as either higher value at 90, 120, or
      180 minute minus the value of 60 minute. delta 1 Was explained as the release of
      pituitary gonadotropin and delta 2 standed for the release and synthesis of
      pituitary gonadotropin. delta 1 delta 2 Ratio was expressed as delta 2/delta 1
      100%. If delta 2 was higher than delta 1, subsequently the value of delta 1 delta
      2 ratio was larger than 100. When delta 1 was more than delta 2, then the value
      of delta 1 delta 2 ratio was smaller than 100. In normal menstrual women delta 1
      of LH were as Preovulatory phase greater than Follicular phase greater than or
      equal to Luteal phase, delta 2 were as Preovulatory phase greater than Luteal
      phase greater than Follicular phase. The value of both delta 1 and delta 2 of FSH
      were Preovulatory phase greater than Follicular phase greater than Luteal phase.
      The delta 1 of serum LH of menopause women and adult males were higher whereas
      delta 2 of both serum LH and FSH of adult males were extremely low in value.
      delta 1 And delta 2 of serum FSH in menopause women showed higher values than
      those of others. delta 1 delta 2 Ratio of LH and FSH of both follicular phase and
      luteal phase were more than 100, indicating dominant pattern of synthesis of
      gonadotropin. The delta 1 delta 2 ratio of LH at preovulatory phase and of both
      LH and FSH in menopause women and adult males were smaller than 100, suggesting
      dominant pattern of release of pituitary gonadotropin. These dates suggest that
      our LH-RH two step test was more useful to clarify anterior pituitary function in
      terms of both synthesis and release of gonadotropin.

PMID- 6816873
TI  - HLA-DR compatibility in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions.
AB  - HLA antigens and antibodies of A,B and DR loci were investigated in order to
      study the relationship between early recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown
      etiology and the HLA system, which is in a close relationship with the immune
      response. The frequencies of 8 HLA-A antigens, 21 HLA-B antigens and 10 HLA-DR
      antigens were determined in 26 patient couples, 45 control fertile couples
      without a history of abortion and 206 healthy adult controls (DR antigens in 106
      controls). Sera from the wives in patient couples were tested for HLA-A, B, C and
      DR antibodies against their husbands' T and B lymphocytes and also against 2
      panels of 29 typed T and B lymphocytes. Results obtained were as follows: 1) A
      significantly higher frequency of HLA-All antigen was found in the wives in
      patient couples as compared with the controls (corrected p less than 0.008). 2) A
      significantly higher frequency of one or two common HLA-DR antigens was shared by
      patient couples (84.6%, X2 = 21.66, p less than 0.001) as compared with control
      couples (24.4%). 3) Furthermore, a significantly higher frequency about HLA-DR
      locus without major incompatibility was found in patient couples (26.9%, X2 =
      7.77, p less than 0.01) as compared with control couples (2.2%). 4) HLA-DR
      antibodies were not detected in the wives in patient couples at all. These
      results indicated that the compatibility of HLA-DR antigens or DR genes might
      possess some adverse influence on the maintenance of pregnancy.

PMID- 6816874
TI  - [Induced rat ovarian carcinoma showing mainly squamous components--an
      experimental approach to common epithelial tumors].
AB  - Female Wistar strain rats were treated with a chemical carcinogen DMBA (7,12
      Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene) implanted directly into their ovary. In this method
      of tumor induction, adenocarcinoma commonly developed in the ovary by the direct
      carcinogenic effect of DMBA during a 30 weeks observation period. However, two
      cases of primary ovarian carcinoma showing mainly squamous components have been
      found in a recent experiments. The histological characteristics of these
      indicated that they were adenoacanthoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma and both
      were derived ultimately from the ovarian surface epithelium with interposition of
      endometrioid type tumor. These two cases of experimental rat ovarian cancer
      consist of mainly squamous element are studied morphologically and their
      histogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 6816875
TI  - [Fundamental and experimental studies on fetal biochemical monitoring
      accomplished by ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH and PCO2 sensors].
AB  - Materno-fetal pH and PCO2 were measured continuously, using newly-developed
      transistor pH and PCO2 sensors placed in both arteries and peripheral tissues of
      12 pregnant goats near term. Maternal BP, FHR and fetal tcPO2 were also recorded
      simultaneously. As results: (1) Maternal oxygen inhalations caused consistent
      increases of fetal tcPO2 from 21 to 29 mmHg, in average. (2) When various
      concentrations of CO2 were inhaled by the mother, maternal PaCO2 rapidly
      increased to peak levels near to FiCO2, followed by swift decreases to control
      values on cessation of inhalation. Fetal PaCO2 increased rather slowly. High
      levels of hypercarbia persisted even after falls in maternal PaCO2. (3) Repeated
      maternal CO2 inhalations caused remarkable CO2 accumulations within fetal bodies.
      Maternal 10% CO2-90%O2 and 20%CO2-80%O2 inhalations resulted in remarkable
      increases of fetal tcPO2. (4) FHR changes appeared to be more dependent on fetal
      oxygenation, rather than fetal respiratory, or metabolic acidosis. (5) Maternal
      lactate administrations caused fetal metabolic acidosis. (6) Maternal NaHCO3
      infusions resulted in increases of maternal pH and materno-fetal PaCO2, as well
      as falls in fetal pH. (7) Maternal nor-epinephrine produced remarkable decreases
      of FHR, fetal tcPO2 and pH, as well as increases of fetal PaCO2. (8) Maternal
      phenylephrine caused mild decreases of FHR and fetal tcPO2. Therefore, it was
      concluded that continuous materno-fetal bloodgas monitorings would provide better
      knowledge regarding placental respirations, being probably applicable to fetal
      evaluations in clinical obstetrics.

PMID- 6816876
TI  - [Failure of positive feedback in hypothalamo-pituitary-system in aged women and
      its recovery with estrogen treatment].
AB  - The positive feedback function of the hypothalamo-pituitary system in aging women
      was investigated by means of intravenous injection of conjugated estrogens.
      Marked LH surge was observed in both sexually mature young (20-35 y.o.) and
      premenopausal (35-49 y.o.) women after the intravenous injection of 20mg of
      conjugated estrogens. However, merely a small LH surge was observed in
      postmenopausal climacteric (50-55 y.o.) women, and no LH surge in aged (over 56
      y.o.) women. In the patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism who are in the
      same age as sexually mature women, no LH surge was induced by conjugated
      estrogens. But positive feedback test done after oral administration of
      conjugated estrogens (1.25 mg/day) for 14 days showed positive reaction in both
      the aged women and the patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in whom no LH
      surge had been observed before estrogen priming. The present results suggest that
      the dysfunction of positive feedback in aged women is mainly due to the decreased
      levels of estrogen produced by the ovaries but not the primary organic or
      functional changes of the hypothalamus or the pituitary.

PMID- 6816877
TI  - Studies on chemical regulation of respiration in idiopathic scoliosis before and
      after orthopaedic correction.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with idiopathic scoliosis before and after operation and 20
      controls were studied. The minute volume ventilatory response to CO2 stimulation
      of the scoliosis was not significantly different from that of the control. The
      restricted tidal volume response to CO2 stimulation appeared to be compensated by
      the high respiratory frequency and ventilatory drive in order to maintain
      adequate ventilatory output. The characteristic response of the ventilatory
      pattern to CO2 stimulation in the scoliotic patients (higher respiratory
      frequency and smaller tidal volume than the control) was enhanced with increasing
      the angle of the scoliotic curvature.

PMID- 6816878
TI  - [A case of diabetic ketoacidosis with a markedly raised level of serum creatine
      phosphokinase(CPK) and myoglobin].

PMID- 6816879
TI  - [A case of Waldenstrom-like B cell neoplasm with monoclonal IgA secretion].

PMID- 6816880
TI  - Acquired inhibitor to factor VIII (AHF) occurring with squamous cell carcinoma of
      the tongue.

PMID- 6816882
TI  - Effect of hyperprolactinemia induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
      administration on serum gonadotropins and testosterone levels in normal Thai.

PMID- 6816881
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine and propylthiouracil on plasma lipoproteins in male
      rats.
AB  - Hyperalphalipoproteinemia, characterized by increased plasma concentrations of
      apoA-I and of HDL lipid and protein, was observed in rats treated with
      triiodothyronine (T(3)) for 7 days. The increase in the plasma HDL apoproteins
      was general for apoC, apoE plus A-IV, and apoA-I, as determined by isoelectric
      focusing. Hypotriglyceridemia, characterized by decreased concentrations of VLDL
      and apoB, was also observed in the hyperthyroid state. Although in the mildly
      hypothyroid animals (propylthiouracil-treated), hepatic metabolism of free fatty
      acid is shifted toward esterification to triglyceride and VLDL formation, as we
      reported previously, plasma HDL and apoA-I concentrations were not different from
      control plasma values, while the d 1.006-1.063 g/ml (IDL + LDL) lipoprotein
      fraction tended to be increased. In general, the proportion of apoE in the (IDL +
      LDL) fraction of the hypothyroid rat was greater than in controls and
      hyperthyroid animals, while the proportion of apoE tended to be lower in VLDL
      from both hypo- and hyperthyroid rats than in VLDL from controls. An enhanced
      release of apoA-I by perfused livers isolated from rats treated with T(3) was
      also observed; this enhanced output of apoA-I may explain, in part, the
      hyperalphalipoproteinemia observed in these rats. The depressed net output of
      apoA-I in vitro by perfused livers from rats treated with propylthiouracil (PTU)
      was not expressed in a statistically significant diminished plasma concentration
      of HDL or apoA-I in the intact animals. Treatment with T(3) also resulted in
      modification of the content of essential fatty acids in various lipid classes.
      Linoleic acid residues were significantly reduced and arachidonic acid content
      was increased in plasma phospholipids and esterified cholesterol in T(3)-treated
      rats. However, the relative fatty acid composition of unesterified fatty acids
      and triglyceride fatty acids was not altered by T(3) treatment. PTU treatment had
      no effect on fatty acid distribution in any of the plasma lipids. Secretion of
      biliary lipids was increased in perfused livers from T(3)-treated rats, while
      treatment with PTU did not affect release of lipids in the bile. These
      observations suggest a regulatory role for thyroid hormones that determine
      concentration and composition of plasma HDL and other lipoproteins.-Wilcox, H.
      G., W. G. Keyes, T. A. Hale, R. Frank, D. W. Morgan, and M. Heimberg. Effects of
      triiodothyronine and propylthiouracil on plasma lipoproteins in male rats.

PMID- 6816883
TI  - Effect of corticosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system of male
      Japanese quail exposed to either short or long photoperiods.

PMID- 6816884
TI  - Role of the subcommissural organ in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the
      female rat.
AB  - Thermal lesions were placed in the subcommissural organ (SCO) of female rats with
      normal cycles and long-term ovariectomized rats. In normal female rats SCO
      lesions disrupted the oestrous cycle in more than half of the animals, the
      majority of which entered a state of prolonged dioestrus. In these animals, serum
      gonadotrophin levels were similar to those of rats with regular cycles on day 2
      of dioestrus. In animals in which the oestrous cycle was maintained, a delayed LH
      surge occurred on the day of pro-oestrus and the pro-oestrous FSH surge was
      absent. The usual increase in FSH on the day of oestrus was present. Lesions in
      the SCO did not change the high gonadotrophin levels typical of ovariectomized
      animals. These results suggested that the SCO may play a role in the control of
      the cyclic but not the tonic release of the gonadotrophins. In particular, it
      appears that the SCO might be involved in the regulation of the hypersecretion of
      FSH during the day of pro-oestrus.

PMID- 6816885
TI  - Multiple species of follicle-stimulating hormone exist within the anterior
      pituitary gland of male golden hamsters.
AB  - Anterior pituitary glands were collected from immature and mature (intact and
      castrated) male hamsters. The various species of FSH present within these glands
      were separated by Concanavalin A (Con A) chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      isoelectric focusing (PAG-IEF) and measured by a specific FSH radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) as well as a radioreceptor assay (RIA). Two distinct forms of FSH (Con A
      unbound and bound) were separated by Con A chromatography and detected by both
      RIA and RRA. These two populations of FSH were present within anterior pituitary
      glands of all three animal models tested. Castration before collection of
      anterior pituitary glands reduced the ratio of Con A unbound: bound
      immunoreactive FSH. When measured by RRA this reduction was no observed. When
      homogenates of anterior pituitary glands obtained from mature animals were
      separated by PAG-IEF, six distinct species of FSH were observed by RIA with
      isoelectric points (pI) of 6.0, 5.7, 5.3, 5.0, 4.7 and 4.2-3.8. Homogenates of
      anterior pituitary glands obtained from immature male hamsters did not contain
      one of these species of FSH (pI values 4.7). The relative contribution of some of
      the species of FSH to the total amount of detectable FSH differed depending upon
      the endocrine status of the animal. The species with pI value of 4.2-3.8 did not
      show any receptor-binding activity in any of the three models studied. The
      overall ratio of the activity of FSH measured by RRA compared with RIA was
      highest in anterior pituitary glands from intact mature and immature hamsters and
      lowest in anterior pituitary glands obtained from castrated animals. The RRA:RIA
      ratio for each species of FSH in all models tested declined as the isoelectric
      point of that species decreased. Thus, these results demonstrated the presence of
      multiple species of FSH within the anterior pituitary of immature and mature male
      hamsters. The relative proportions and receptor-binding activities of these
      species differed according to the isoelectric point and the pattern of hormone
      secretion at the time of collection of pituitary glands. Gonadal and other
      endocrine factors may influence not only the relative amount of each species of
      FSH but also the receptor-binding capacity of the FSH species synthesized by the
      anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 6816886
TI  - Prostacyclin: a hormone with a therapeutic potential. The Sir Henry Dale Lecture
      for 1981.

PMID- 6816887
TI  - Characterization of the pituitary gonadotroph cells of hypogonadal (hpg) male
      mice: comparison with normal mice.
AB  - Hypogonadal (hpg) mice lack hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      (LH-RH). Gonadotrophs from male hpg mice have been identified by
      immunocytochemistry for LH and quantitative electron microscopy allied with
      radioimmunoassay of the gonadotrophins. In comparison with those of normal mice,
      gonadotrophs in male hpg animals are less numerous and smaller, with less
      cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum and a smaller Golgi apparatus. They
      have fewer granules, especially those of larger (greater than 210 nm) diameter.
      Thus, in the absence of LH-RH, gonadotrophs can differentiate but remain
      relatively inactive.

PMID- 6816888
TI  - Effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the gonadotrophs of
      hypogonadal (hpg) mice.
AB  - Hypogonadal (hpg) mice lack hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      (LH-RH); consequently the pituitary gonadotrophs, though differentiated, remain
      inactive. The acute and chronic responses of gonadotrophs in hpg mice to LH-RH to
      male hpg mice produced an eightfold increase in plasma LH after 5 min, but
      granule depletion was not detectable ultrastructurally. Vacuoles (300-600 nm)
      were present more frequently in gonadotrophs from hpg mice given LH-RH compared
      with control mice. Daily s.c. administration of 2 micrograms LH-RH to male hpg
      mice for 20 days stimulated a 63-fold increase in the pituitary content of FSH
      but only a twofold increase in the pituitary content of LH. Testicular weight
      increased fivefold but the weight of the seminal vesicles did not change. The
      frequency of cells immunoreactive for LH increased (x 1.6), the gonadotrophs
      hypertrophied (x 1.9) and the cell content of granules increased (x 2.3) to
      values close to the normal range. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      apparatus became more prominent. A striking result of long-term daily
      administration of LH-RH was the accumulation of large (1-2 micrometers) lipid
      droplets in about 40% of gonadotrophs. All these changes induced by LH-RH
      regressed towards the untreated hpg state when LH-RH administration wad
      discontinued for 5 and 10 days. These results show that the gonadotrophs of hpg
      mice can be stimulated trophically by LH-RH, and that long-term administration
      stimulates the synthesis and release of the gonadotrophins but the effect on FSH
      is much greater than on LH.

PMID- 6816889
TI  - Incidence, growth and oestradiol-receptor levels of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (alpha)
      anthracene-induced mammary tumours in rats: effects of neonatal sex steroids and
      oestradiol implants.
AB  - The effects of neonatally administered steroids on the sensitivity of the mammary
      gland to tumour induction by 7, 12-dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene was studied as
      a model for delayed (de) differentiating effects of steroid hormones. Immediately
      after birth male and female rats were gonadectomized and treated with
      testosterone, oestradiol or oil. Control animals were left intact. On day 45 all
      the gonadectomized animals and some of the control animals received an implant
      which delivered continuous low levels of oestradiol. The carcinogen was
      administered on day 55. The administration of an oestradiol implant, which
      increased prolactin levels in all animals, markedly reduced tumour incidence in
      intact female rats and increased tumour incidence in intact male rats. Neonatal
      administration of testosterone or oestradiol did not significantly influence
      tumour incidence, histopathology or oestradiol responsiveness in neonatally
      gonadectomized rats but tended to decrease tumour animals suggests that the
      effects observed by other authors in intact rats are mediated by changes in
      gonadal secretions. It is concluded that the hormonal environment during and
      after tumour induction plays a major role in the development of 7, 12
      dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas.

PMID- 6816890
TI  - The efficacy of several endodontic irrigating solutions: a scanning electron
      microscopic study: Part 2.

PMID- 6816892
TI  - Cardiopulmonary coupling during exercise.
AB  - Muscular exercise imposes the most potent sustained stress to cellular
      energetics. At work rates below the anaerobic threshold (i.e. no sustained lactic
      acidosis), the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses regulate arterial PCO2,
      [H+] and PO2 at or close to their resting levels in the steady state. However,
      dynamic forcing and systems-analytic techniques reveal two phases of the non
      steady-state response dynamics. In the first phase, increased gas flow to the
      lungs results solely from increased pulmonary blood flow, with alveolar gas
      tensions being maintained at their resting levels by a coupled increase in
      ventilation (VE): evidence for cardiopulmonary coupling being provided by
      experimentally-altered in man and dog. Arterial chemoreception does not impose
      humoral feedback control in this phase. Rather, rapid feedforward mechanisms
      operate, with both intrathoracic (largely cardiac) and exercising-limb
      mechanoreception proposed as afferent sources. In the second phase, cardiogenic
      gas flow to the lungs is augmented by altered mixed venous blood gas contents;
      ventilation responding exponentially with a time constant (tau) which is an
      inverse function of carotid body gain. The close dynamic coupling of VE with CO2
      output (tau VE tau TVCO2) in this phase results in arterial PCO2 and [H+] being
      maintained close to their resting levels. However, the kinetic dissociation
      between VE and O2 uptake, with tau VE much greater than tau VO2, leads to an
      appreciable transient fall of arterial PO2. The respiratory compensation for the
      sustained lactic acidosis at higher work rates is predominantly mediated by the
      carotid bodies in man: the aortic bodies subserving no discernible role. Control
      of the respiratory and circulatory responses to exercise is therefore mediated by
      both neural and humoral mechanisms: and an important control link appears to
      couple the responses, via feedforward ventilatory control of cardiac origin.

PMID- 6816891
TI  - The defence-arousal system and its relevance for circulatory and respiratory
      control.
AB  - It was proposed some fifty years ago that the visceral and hormonal changes
      accompanying fear and rage reactions can best be understood as adaptations which
      prepare an organism to cope with an emergency and specifically to perform the
      extreme muscular exertion of flight or attack. This is well exemplified by the
      pattern of cardiovascular response which is characteristic of the alerting stage
      of these reactions and consists of an increase in cardiac output directed mainly
      to the skeletal muscles. This group of behavioural responses has been
      collectively termed the defence reaction. The regions of the hypothalamus and
      brainstem which organize it have been mapped. They function as a reflex centre
      for the visceral components of the altering response as well as initiating the
      behavioural response. So far as the cardiovascular system is concerned, this is a
      preparatory reflex and not compatible with short-term homeostasis. Indeed, the
      baroreceptor reflex, which is homeostatic, is strongly inhibited. By contrast,
      the chemoreceptor reflex is facilitated. The input from peripheral chemoreceptors
      is itself an alerting stimulus. The visceral alerting response has been studied
      in most detail in the cat, but there is evidence for the same cardiovascular
      pattern and an accompanying group of respiratory changes in other mammalian
      species (rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and man). On the efferent pathway for the
      cardiovascular response pattern, there is a group of relay neurones near the
      ventral surface of the caudal medulla, which seem important for the maintenance
      of arterial blood pressure. The visceral alerting system may therefore be
      continually engaged to some extent in the awake state, as well as being acutely
      activated in response to novel, and especially to noxious, stimuli.

PMID- 6816893
TI  - Role of peripheral chemoreceptors and central chemosensitivity in the regulation
      of respiration and circulation.
AB  - Adjustments of respiration and circulation in response to alterations in the
      levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in the body fluids are
      mediated by two distinct chemoreceptive elements, situated peripherally and
      centrally. The peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, located in the carotid and
      aortic bodies, are supplied with sensory fibres coursing in the sinus and aortic
      nerves, and also receive sympathetic and parasympathetic motor innervations. The
      carotid receptors, and some aortic receptors, are essential for the immediate
      ventilatory and arterial pressure increases during acute hypoxic hypoxaemia, and
      also make an important contribution to respiratory compensation for acute
      disturbances of acid-base balance. The vascular effects of peripheral
      chemoreceptor stimulation include coronary vasodilation and vasoconstriction in
      skeletal muscle and the splanchnic area. The bradycardia and peripheral
      vasoconstriction during carotid chemoreceptor stimulation can be lessened or
      reversed by effects arising from a concurrent hyperpnoea. Central chemoreceptive
      elements respond to changes in the hydrogen ion concentration in the interstitial
      fluid in the brain, and are chiefly responsible for ventilatory and circulatory
      adjustments during hypercapnia and chronic disturbances of acid-base balance. The
      proposal that the neurones responsible for central chemoreception are located
      superficially in the ventrolateral portion of the medulla oblongata is not
      universally accepted, mainly because of a lack of convincing morphological and
      electrophysiological evidence. Central chemosensitive structures can modify
      peripheral chemoreceptor responses by altering discharges in parasympathetic and
      sympathetic nerves supplying these receptors, and such modifications could be a
      factor contributing to ventilatory unresponsiveness in mild hypoxia. Conversely,
      peripheral chemoreceptor drive can modulate central chemosensitivity during
      hypercapnia.

PMID- 6816894
TI  - In vitro regulation of IgA subclass synthesis. I. Discordance between plasma cell
      production and antibody secretion.
AB  - To investigate the in vitro regulation of IgA subclass synthesis, peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from healthy adults were cultured with the polyclonal B cell
      activator, pokeweed mitogen. Although 50% of the IgA plasma cells from a 7-d
      culture were positive for cytoplasmic IgA1 and 50% were positive for IgA2, less
      than 10% of the IgA released into the culture supernatant was IgA2. This
      discrepancy could not be explained by failure of the assay to detect in vitro
      synthesized IgA2, selective loss or destruction of IgA2 in culture media, delayed
      release of IgA2, or failure of IgA2 plasma cells to produce J chain. The results
      suggest that additional signals may be required for the differentiation of plasma
      cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells.

PMID- 6816895
TI  - Differential regulation of membrane and secretory mu chain synthesis in human
      beta cell lines. Regulation of membrane mu or secreted mu.
AB  - Regulation of membrane and secretory mu synthesis was examined in human
      lymphoblastoid cell lines representing various stages of differentiation.
      Immunoglobulin phenotype was determined by surface and cytoplasmic staining with
      fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of anti-mu precipitable cellular
      products. The thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR), which inhibits
      differentiation-specific proteins in a variety of systems, was used to examine
      regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis. We found that BUdR had a differential
      effect on membrane (mum) and secretory (mus) type mu heavy chains. Ig production
      in pre-B and plasma cell-like lines, which make mus, was unaffected by BUdR.
      However, surface expression of IgM (mum) in B cell lines was drastically
      inhibited at similar doses of BUdR without diminishing total Ig or protein
      synthesis. Examination of labeled mu chains from control and BUdR-treated B cell
      lines by SDS-PAGE revealed the production of two sizes of mu (mum and mus) in
      control cells and only the smaller size (mus) in BUdR-treated cells. This size
      difference could not be attributed to alterations in glycosylation of the
      molecules. These data show that BUdR inhibits the production of membrane mu
      chains without diminishing secretory mu chain synthesis in the same cell. Our
      findings suggest that thymidine-rich regions of the genome are involved in the
      regulation of mum vs. mus during B cell differentiation.

PMID- 6816896
TI  - Regulation of murine macrophage Ia antigen expression by a lymphokine with immune
      interferon activity.
AB  - A culture supernatant of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (Con A
      supernatant) induced murine macrophages to express Ia antigens in vitro.
      Biochemical characterization of the Con A supernatant indicated that the
      macrophage Ia antigen regulatory activity shares molecular weight, pI, and
      hydrophobic and affinity characteristics with immune interferon (IFN-gamma).
      Antiserum to mouse IFN-gamma neutralized both the macrophage Ia antigen
      regulatory and IFN-gamma bioactivities of the Con A supernatant. Furthermore,
      both partially purified murine IFN-gamma (10(7) U/mg protein sp act) and IFN
      containing culture supernatants of the murine BFS T cell line-induced macrophage
      Ia antigen expression in vitro. Culture supernatants containing colony
      stimulating factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 2, macrophage migration inhibitory
      factor, and a macrophage-activating activity that were distinct from IFN-gamma
      did not induce macrophage Ia antigen expression. Taken together, the data
      indicate that the in vitro expression of Ia antigens on macrophages is regulated
      by an activity that has the characteristics of interferon.

PMID- 6816897
TI  - Uptake of ferritin by the mosaic egg surface of Brachydanio.
AB  - The internalization of membrane from the mosaic egg surface of the zebra fish,
      Brachydanio, was investigated using anionic ferritin and transmission electron
      microscopy. The cortical cytoplasm of the 5-min activated egg showed numerous
      membrane-bound vesicles not found in the unactivated egg cortex. Two types of
      vesicles were identified: uncoated (smooth) and coated. Coated vesicles measured
      about 0.7 to 0.9 micrometer in diameter. Coated pits, considered to be precursors
      to the formation of coated vesicles, were frequently observed at the base of
      membrane-lined cortical granule crypts. Anionic ferritin was localized over
      coated pits and in both smooth and coated vesicles. The absence of any
      morphological evidence of a surface origin for smooth vesicles suggested these
      ferritin-labeled organelles might be formed by coated vesicle fusion. Our results
      indicate that the plasma membrane redundancy created by the exocytosis of
      cortical granules in Brachydanio appears to be resolved in part by the
      internalization of membrane through endocytosis.

PMID- 6816898
TI  - Transfer of nitroglycerine to hands during contact with commercial explosives.
AB  - The techniques of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography with electron
      capture detection, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze
      hand swab extracts for the presence of nitroglycerine. Both the amount of
      nitroglycerine transferred to the hands after handling commercial explosives and
      its persistence were measured. Gas chromatography-electron capture detection was
      found to be the most accurate and sensitive technique for making such
      determinations, especially if the extract was partially purified by thin-layer
      chromatography prior to analysis. The lowest limit of detection was 10 ng of
      nitroglycerine, and residues could be detected over 20 h after handling the raw
      explosive.

PMID- 6816899
TI  - Assessment of solvents for the recovery of nitroglycerine from hands using cotton
      swabs.
AB  - Eight solvents were compared for their relative efficiency in removing
      nitroglycerine from the hands of persons handling explosives. The amount of
      interfering material also removed from the hands by the cotton swabs and the
      stability of the nitroglycerine in the solvent used were also investigated.
      Aqueous solvents yielded the best recoveries, when the extracts were partially
      purified by thin-layer chromatography before analysis, but the explosive was
      degraded rapidly by microorganisms that grew in the solutions. Of the aqueous,
      organic, and polar solvents tested, ethanol was found to offer the most complete,
      consistent, and stable recovery.

PMID- 6816901
TI  - Sodium transport effects on the basolateral membrane in toad urinary bladder.
AB  - In toad urinary bladder epithelium, inhibition of Na transport with amiloride
      causes a decrease in the apical (Vmc) and basolateral (Vcs) membrane potentials.
      In addition to increasing apical membrane resistance (Ra), amiloride also causes
      an increase in basolateral membrane resistance (Rb), with a time course such that
      Ra/Rb does not change for 1-2 min. At longer times after amiloride (3-4 min),
      Ra/Rb rises from its control values to its amiloride steady state values through
      a secondary decrease in Rb. Analysis of an equivalent electrical circuit of the
      epithelium shows that the depolarization of Vcs is due to a decrease in
      basolateral electromotive force (Vb). To see of the changes in Vcs and Rb are
      correlated with a decrease in Na transport, external current (Ie) was used to
      clamp Vmc to zero, and the effects of amiloride on the portion of Ie that takes
      the transcellular pathway were determined. In these studies, Vcs also
      depolarized, which suggests that the decrease in Vb was due to a decrease in the
      current output of a rheogenic Na pump. Thus, the basolateral membrane does not
      behave like an ohmic resistor. In contrast, when transport is inhibited during
      basolateral membrane voltage clamping, the apical membrane voltage changes are
      those predicted for a simple, passive (i.e., ohmic) element.

PMID- 6816900
TI  - CO2-stimulated NaCl absorption in the mouse renal cortical thick ascending limb
      of Henle. Evidence for synchronous Na +/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange in apical
      plasma membranes.
AB  - These experiments evaluated salt transport processes in isolated cortical thick
      limbs of Henle (cTALH) obtained from mouse kidney. When the external solutions
      consisted of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB), pH 7.4, and a 95% O2-5% CO2 gas
      phase, the spontaneous transepithelial voltage (Ve, mV, lumen-to-bath) was
      approximately mV; the net rate of Cl- absorption (JnetCl) was approximately 3,600
      pmols s-1 cm-2; the net rate of osmotic solute absorption Jnetosm was twice
      JnetCl; and the net rate of total CO2 transport (JnetCO2) was indistinguishable
      from zero. Thus, net Cl- absorption was accompanied by the net absorption of a
      monovalent cation, presumably Na+, and net HCO3- absorption was negligible. This
      salt transport process was stimulated by (CO2 + HCO3-): omission of CO2 from the
      gas phase and HCO3- from external solutions reduced JnetCl, Jnetosm, and Ve by
      50%. Furthermore, 10(-4) M luminal furosemide abolished JnetCl and Ve entirely.
      The lipophilic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ethoxzolamide (10(-4) M, either
      luminal or peritubular) inhibited (CO2 + HCO3-)-stimulated JnetCl, Jnetosm, and
      Ve by approximately 50%; however, when the combination (CO2 + HCO3-) was absent,
      ethoxzolamide had no detectable effect on salt transport. Ve was reduced or
      abolished entirely by omission of either Na+ or Cl- from external solutions, by
      peritubular K+ removal, by 10(-3) M peritubular ouabain, and by 10(-4) M luminal
      SITS. However, Ve was unaffected by 10(-3) M peritubular SITS, or by the
      hydrophilic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (2.2 x 10(-4) M, lumen
      plus bath). We interpret these data to indicate that (CO2 + HCO3-)-stimulated
      NaCl absorption in the cTALH involved two synchronous apical membrane antiport
      processes: one exchanging luminal Na+ for cellular H+; and the other exchanging
      luminal Cl- for cellular HCO3- or OH-, operating in parallel with a (CO2+ HCO3-)
      independent apical membrane NaCl cotransport mechanism.

PMID- 6816902
TI  - Polyuronide biosynthesis by cell-free extracts of Mucor rouxii.
AB  - Cell-free extracts from Mucor rouxii contain enzymes that catalyse the synthesis
      of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGlcA) from UDPglucose and the
      incorporation of glucuronic acid from UDPGlcA into polymer(s). Two different
      polyuronide fraction isolated from the cell walls of this fungus were used as
      primers. Mucoran, a heteropolymer, was much more efficient than mucoric acid,
      which is largely a homopolymer of D-glucuronic acid. The primer ability of native
      cell walls was comparable to that of mucoric acid. Most of the
      glucuronosyltransferase activity in the cell-free extract was found in a 20000 g
      particulate fraction. Optimum pH for polyuronide synthesis was 7.0. Mn2+ or Mg2+
      stimulated incorporation of GlcA. The products synthesized from mucoric acid and
      mucoran primers were different and yielded different disaccharides upon
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 6816903
TI  - Two mannose-resistant haemagglutinins on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of
      serotype O6:K15:H16 or H-isolated from travellers' and infantile diarrhoea.

PMID- 6816904
TI  - Common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: isolation
      and biochemical characterization of the extracellular protein antigen.
AB  - An extracellular soluble common protein (ECP) has been purified from
      extracellular soluble fractions of exponential phase cultures of Streptococcus
      sanguis OMZ9, of a representative strain of each of Bratthall's seven serological
      groups of Streptococcus mutans, and of one strain each of Lactobacillus
      salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus. The ECP antigens from the different strains
      were prepared from SDS-dissociated immunoprecipitates by affinity chromatography
      on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin column. The identity of such purified ECP
      antigens was demonstrated by their behaviour in immunodiffusion analysis, in SDS
      PAGE, in which an identical molecular weight (60000) was found, and by virtue of
      their similar amino acid and sugar compositions. This common antigen (ECP)
      consisted of 90% protein and 10% sugar.

PMID- 6816905
TI  - The effect of tunicamycin on interferon-alpha production in a human
      lymphoblastoid cell line (Namalwa).
AB  - Tunicamycin alters the biological properties of human interferon-alpha (HuIFN
      alpha) produced in its presence by changing the mixture of IFN-alpha subtypes
      produced. When IFN mRNA extracted from treated cells was microinjected into
      oocytes the product was also altered. However, treatment of the oocytes with
      tunicamycin did not alter the properties of the IFN-alpha produced.

PMID- 6816906
TI  - Specific reinnervation of cockroach leg muscles by octopaminergic, dorsal
      unpaired median neurons.

PMID- 6816907
TI  - Effect of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2) on cerebral blood flow in man.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow has been measured using the non-invasive Xenon133 clearance
      technique in eight normal subjects during an infusion of epoprostenol
      (prostacyclin, PGI2) at a dose of 5 ng/kg/min. The results were compared with a
      control infusion of saline given in a balanced order. PGI2 was found to result in
      a reduction in cerebral blood flow of about 8%. PGI2 also caused a small drop in
      diastolic blood pressure and it is proposed that the fall in cerebral blood flow
      may have been the result of disturbed autoregulation. The findings suggest that
      the therapeutic use of PGI2 in patients with cerebral artery spasm would not be
      accompanied by undesirable intracerebral steal.

PMID- 6816908
TI  - Copper, zinc and magnesium plasma levels in epilepsy.

PMID- 6816909
TI  - Primary changes of voltage responses during retention of associative learning.

PMID- 6816910
TI  - Influence of dietary antioxidants on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-induced
      hepatic lipid peroxide formation and vitamin A reduction in rats.

PMID- 6816911
TI  - Effectiveness of employee health improvement programs.
AB  - Evidence of health effects, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of smoking
      cessation, hypertension control, physical fitness and weight management programs
      are reviewed. For hypertension control programs, health-effectiveness has been
      established both in community and worksite settings. Smoking cessation programs
      in clinical settings achieve six to 12-month abstinence of usually 15% to 30%,
      but occasionally 40% to 60%. Smoking cessation groups are probably cost
      beneficial and, assuming average program costs and sustained quit rates, should
      be able to successfully compete for employer investment dollars with respect to
      return on investment. One study has reported a cost savings attributable to a
      corporate fitness program but problems of study design and assumption involved in
      generating cost estimates render the conclusions somewhat speculative. Credible
      data regarding cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of weight management programs
      in clinical or worksite settings are not yet available.

PMID- 6816912
TI  - Septicemia in general surgery patients incidence and characterization at a
      veteran's hospital.

PMID- 6816913
TI  - Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi for established
      mammalian cell cultures.
AB  - Amebae of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi were cytopathic for nine
      established mammalian cell cultures, including mouse and human fibroblasts,
      rabbit and monkey kidney cells, rat and mouse neuroblastoma cells, baby hamster
      kidney cells, and human epithelioma and carcinoma cells. Nine strains of N.
      fowleri were equally cytopathic for rodent neuroblastoma cells. As few as one
      ameba per million neuroblastoma cells destroyed the mammalian target cells after
      9 days. The N. fowleri grew and destroyed rat neuroblastoma cells at 30 to 37 C
      whereas N. gruberi grew and destroyed the target cells at 25 to 30 C. Both N.
      fowleri and N. gruberi attached efficiently to the target cells at 30 to 37 C; N.
      gruberi but not N. fowleri attached efficiently at 25 C. Electron microscopic
      observations of mixed cultures of N. fowleri and neuroblastoma cells established
      that the amebae, after 12 hr, had ingested portions of the neuroblastoma target
      cells without causing cell lysis. Conversely, N. gruberi amebae, after attaching
      to target cells, disrupted the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the target cells
      although the target cell nucleus remained intact. The amebae then ingested the
      target cell debris.

PMID- 6816915
TI  - Development of Plasmodium vivax in Saguinus mystax and S. fuscicolis monkeys.

PMID- 6816914
TI  - Attempted transmission of Sarcocystis bovicanis from cows to calves via
      colostrum.
AB  - Sixteen pregnant cows were divided into four equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were
      uninoculated controls; Groups 3 and 4 received 60,000 and 120,000 S. bovicanis
      sporocysts per os, respectively, about 30 days before expected parturition.
      Stained smears of colostrum from each quarter of the udder of each cow were
      examined microscopically for zoites. As a bioassay for infectious zoites in
      colostrum of acutely infected cows, colostrum from infected Group 4 cows was fed
      to calves from control Group 1 cows. Calves in Groups 2 and 3 received colostrum
      from their dams. Calves in Group 1 received colostrum from uninoculated normal
      cows. All calves were killed at 61 to 68 days of age and their tissues examined
      microscopically for Sarcocystis cysts. Because zoites were not found in colostrum
      smears and cysts were not found in calf tissues, it was concluded that lactogenic
      transmission of S. bovicanis did not occur.

PMID- 6816916
TI  - Hepatic failure in infants on total parenteral nutrition (TPN): clinical and
      histopathologic observations.

PMID- 6816917
TI  - Continuous measurement of blood gas tensions in the fetal guinea pig by mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 6816918
TI  - [Carbonic anhydrase isozymes of rabbit renal microvillus membranes: inhibition by
      sulfonamides].

PMID- 6816919
TI  - The effects of low calcium and background light on the sensitivity of toad rods.
AB  - 1. We have examined the effects of decreases in extracellular Ca(2+)
      concentration on the intracellularly recorded light responses of rods from the
      toad, Bufo marinus. In agreement with previous results (Brown & Pinto, 1974;
      Lipton, Ostroy & Dowling, 1977), Ca(2+) concentrations below 10(-6) M produced a
      depolarization of rod resting membrane potential of approximately 30-40 mV and a
      corresponding increase in the maximum amplitude of the rod's light responses, so
      that saturating flashes in normal and low Ca(2+) Ringer produced
      hyperpolarizations to approximately the same membrane potential.2. The rod's
      sensitivity was reduced in low Ca(2+) Ringer by an amount dependent upon the
      extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. At 10(-6) M-Ca(2+), sensitivity was
      approximately 0.6 log units below normal. Thereafter, it dropped nearly linearly
      with [Ca(2+)](o) to a value approximately 4.0 log units below normal at 10(-9) M
      Ca(2+). Most of the decline occurred within 1-2 min after the solution change as
      the membrane potential depolarized, but sensitivity continued to fall slowly with
      time at the lowest Ca(2+) concentrations. Exposure to low Ca(2+) solutions
      altered the kinetics of the receptor response to brief flashes, delaying response
      onset and time-to-peak but affecting the time course of decay very little.3. The
      sensitivity of the rod to maintained steps of light was also reduced in low
      Ca(2+). Furthermore, the changes in sensitivity produced by background
      illumination were very much smaller in low Ca(2+) than in normal Ringer. In some
      cases backgrounds actually increased sensitivity.4. In 10(-8) M-Ca(2+),
      backgrounds which themselves produced no response in the rod and no changes in
      rod sensitivity produced large decreases in response latency for responses of all
      amplitudes, and pronounced changes in time-to-peak and time-to-decay for moderate
      and large amplitude responses.5. Since the effects of background light and low
      Ca(2+) on the wave form of the rod are distinct and in some cases antagonistic,
      and since the changes in receptor sensitivity produced by backgrounds and low
      Ca(2+) are not additive, the decreases in sensitivity produced by exposure to low
      Ca(2+) appear to be caused by a mechanism distinct from normal light adaptation.
      We suggest that they are caused by an increase in the buffering capacity of the
      receptor cytosol for Ca(2+) and that Ca(2+) is the excitatory messenger or
      ;internal transmitter', as originally suggested by Yoshikami & Hagins (1971).

PMID- 6816920
TI  - The effects of sodium replacement on the responses of toad rods.
AB  - 1. We have investigated the effects of Na(+) substitution on the membrane
      potential and light responses of rods in the superfused retina of the toad, Bufo
      marinus.2. When all of the Na(+) in the Ringer was replaced with Li(+), the
      effects on the rods depended upon the external free Ca(2+) concentration
      ([Ca(2+)](o)). At [Ca(2+)](o) >/= 10(-6) M, the membrane potential (E(m))
      hyperpolarized and light responses were greatly diminished or abolished. At
      [Ca(2+)](o) </= 10(-7) M, Li(+) replacement had little effect on E(m) or response
      amplitude.3. We interpret these results as revealing a Na(+)-Ca(+) counter
      transport in rods. At high [Ca(2+)](o), replacing Na(+) with Li(+) would have
      produced an increase in the rod cytosol free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i))
      and the blockage of the light-dependent conductance, leading directly to the
      suppression of light responses. At [Ca(2+)](o) </= 10(-7) M, this presumably
      would not have occurred.4. Since at these low Ca(2+) concentrations we observed
      light responses of nearly normal amplitude in Li(+), our results suggest that the
      light-dependent conductance is permeable to Li(+).5. Substitution of Na(+) with
      K(+) in low Ca(2+) produced a complete suppression of the responses. However, it
      was still possible to measure large light-induced changes in rod input
      resistance.6. Substitution of Na(+) with tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,
      Tris, or choline in low Ca(2+) produced a large hyperpolarization of the membrane
      potential and a diminution of response amplitude. However, we were unable to
      observe a complete suppression of the responses for these cations.7. Substitution
      of Na(+) with tetrapropylammonium or with an uncharged substance (glucose or
      urea) in low Ca(2+) produced a large hyperpolarization of membrane potential and
      a considerable decrease in the light responses. In about half our attempts, the
      responses were observed to decline reversibly to less than 20% of their peak
      amplitude in Na(+).8. Results with tetrapropylammonium were indistinguishable
      from those of glucose or urea, indicating that the light-dependent conductance
      probably is not permeable to TPA. The resistance changes measured with K(+)
      substitution and the responses observed in the presence of the organic ions TMA,
      TEA, Tris and choline suggest that these species may be permeable, but we are
      unable to discount alternative explanations.

PMID- 6816921
TI  - Association of 45calcium with rat mast cells stimulated by 48/80: effects of
      inactivation, calcium and metabolic inhibition.
AB  - 1. Stimulation by compound 48/80 of mast cells deprived of Ca released histamine
      when Ca was subsequently added. This secretory response was accompanied by a
      pronounced increase in the amount of cell-associated (45)Ca.2. The level of cell
      associated (45)Ca declined as the interval between stimulation by compound 48/80
      and the introduction of (45)Ca increased.3. This decline in the amount of (45)Ca
      paralleled the decline in histamine secretion that is called inactivation and
      each curve could be fitted by linear regression to a first-order equation with a
      half-life of between 1 and 2 min.4. When histamine secretion was held constant,
      the amount of cell-associated (45)Ca steadily and significantly declined as the
      interval between stimulation and the addition of (45)Ca increased. This decline
      in the level of (45)Ca was significantly reduced when fully inactivated cells
      were used.5. The amount of cell-associated (45)Ca could not be significantly
      reduced by repeated or prolonged washing with EGTA or LaCl(3).6. The addition of
      the ionphore, A23187, or compound 48/80, to mast cells loaded with (45)Ca by
      prior stimulation with 48/80 and bathed in Ca-free media, significantly reduced
      the level of cell-associated (45)Ca. This effect of 48/80 but not of A23187 was
      prevented by including either dinitrophenol or (45)Ca in the extracellular
      solution.7. When [(3)H]N-methyl-methoxy-inulin was included with the (45)Ca or
      added alone, no significant change in the level of cell-associated [(3)H]inulin
      was found during the course of inactivation.8. Increasing the Ca concentration
      increased the amount of cell-associated (45)Ca when Ca was added 10 sec after
      stimulation by 48/80 but not when Ca was added 10 min after stimulation.9.
      Incubation of mast cells in media containing deoxyglucose and either antimycin A
      or dinitrophenol prevented both histamine release and any increase in the level
      of cell-associated (45)Ca in response to stimulation by 48/80. A similar result
      was obtained using sensitized mast cells stimulated by antigen. The addition of
      the ionophore, A23187, to the mast cells prompted a significant increase in the
      level of cell-associated (45)Ca.10. These results are considered to be support
      for the hypothesis that the process of inactivation to compound 48/80 results
      from a time-dependent decay in membrane permeability. It is suggested that those
      events associated with initiating changes in membrane permeability are effected
      by metabolic inhibition and calcium.

PMID- 6816923
TI  - [Blood gases and respiratory regulation].

PMID- 6816922
TI  - Metabolic inter-relationships of intracellular pH measured by double-barrelled
      micro-electrodes in perfused rat liver.
AB  - 1. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured under differing conditions in the
      functionally isolated, perfused rat liver using double-barrelled recessed-tip
      micro-electrodes. 2. Under normal acid-base conditions mean hepatic pHi was 7.18.
      3. Over the range studied, hepatic pHi was negatively and linearly related to the
      logarithm of perfusate PCO2. 4. Measurement of pHi together with measurement of
      pHe and intracellular and extracellular lactate concentrations suggested a non
      equilibrium distribution of lactate and lactic acid across the hepatic cell
      membrane requiring an active transport process for entry of lactate to the cell.
      5. Upon addition of D-fructose (10 mM) to the perfusate there was a rapid fall in
      pHi of between 0.2 and 0.54 units, which was substantially greater than observed
      in earlier similar experiments in which 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance was used
      to measure pHi. Reasons for this discrepancy are considered.

PMID- 6816924
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: biological characterization of 19 clones derived from two
      chronic chagasic patients. I. Growth kinetics in liquid medium.
AB  - Nineteen clones of Trypanosoma cruzi were obtained as single-cell isolates from
      Triatoma infestans. Ten of the clones were isolates from a patient with Chronic
      Chagas' disease; nine clones were isolates from a dog infected with T. cruzi
      strain CA-I isolated originally from a chronic chagasic patient. The growth
      kinetics and peak modal Coulter volume of these clones were characterized.
      Significant inter- and intra-group differences between growth rates and peak
      modal volumes were found. These data indicate that subpopulations and,
      consequently, genetic heterogeneity of T. cruzi exist in chronic chagasic
      patients. All of the clones infected vertebrate cells in vitro.

PMID- 6816925
TI  - Growth of isolated amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi in cell-free medium.
AB  - Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were purified from overlays of infected Vero
      cell cultures by centrifugation over a discontinuous gradient of metrizamide.
      Pure amastigote preparations were usually recovered from the pellet under the
      layer of specific gravity 1.086. The isolated amastigotes grew in cell-free ML
      15HA medium. Growth rate for the different strains of T. cruzi were in the order
      Y greater than Tulahuen greater than CL. The generation time of amastigotes in ML
      15HA medium was 16.8, 18.0 and 26.4 h for the Y, Tulahuen, and CL strains,
      respectively, in the presence of 5% CO2, and 16.8, 31.2, and 36.4 h,
      respectively, in the absence of CO2. Intracellular amastigotes did not differ
      ultrastructurally from amastigotes from either the density-gradient fractionation
      or culture in cell-free medium.

PMID- 6816927
TI  - Annual profiles of reproductive hormones in peripheral plasma of the male roe
      deer (Capreolus capreolus).
AB  - Blood samples were collected from 3 roebucks 1 to 3 times per month during
      several years to study the relationship between season and concentrations of LH,
      FSH, testosterone and prolactin. Plasma values of all of these hormones began to
      increase during the second half of February. LH, FSH and testosterone levels
      reached a plateau during April. Highest average levels of LH and testosterone
      were observed before the start of the rutting season (mid-July--mid-August) and
      steadily declined thereafter. In contrast to LH and testosterone, FSh
      concentrations decreased 6 weeks earlier, during June, indicating a modulated
      secretion pattern. Prolactin steadily increased until the beginning of July and
      then decreased.

PMID- 6816926
TI  - Development of ox-coyote cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi.

PMID- 6816929
TI  - Testosterone feedback on FSH secretion in male sheep.

PMID- 6816928
TI  - Influence of gonadotrophins on early follicle cell development and early oocyte
      growth in the immature rat.
AB  - Ovaries of neonatal rats were transplanted on the day after birth into
      ovariectomized (high gonadotrophin levels) or ovariectomized-hypophysectomized
      adult female rats (extremely low gonadotrophin levels). Although transplantation
      caused a reduction of the number of growing follicles in all transplants, it did
      not seem to induce a clearly abnormal course of follicle development. After 15
      days of development, the hormone-rich transplants contained a greater number of
      follicles larger than type 4 and a smaller number of oocytes with diameters less
      than 21 micrometers, than did the hormone-poor transplants. In the transplants
      with high hormone levels, the smallest follicles (types 2--3a) showed advanced
      transition of flattened into cuboidal follicle cells and oocyte growth. It is
      concluded that in these experimental conditions gonadotrophins, presumably
      especially FSH, seem to have a stimulatory effect on early follicle cell
      development and early oocyte growth.

PMID- 6816930
TI  - Gonadotrophin levels in male voles (Microtus agrestis) reared in long and short
      photoperiods.
AB  - Male voles were reared from birth to the age of 56 days in photoperiods of 16L:8D
      or 6L:18D. In 16L:8D testes increased 10-fold in size between the age of 14 and
      56 days, and there were concomitant increases in diameter of seminiferous tubules
      and seminal vesicle weight. Spermatozoa were present in tubules by 35 days. In
      6L:18D no significant changes with age occurred in testis size, diameter of
      seminiferous tubules or seminal vesicle weight. LH secretion increased with age
      in 16L:8D, but not in 6L:18D, and pituitary and plasma levels were higher in the
      former than in the latter by 35 days. Pituitary levels of FSH were high up to 21
      days in 16L:8D, and up to 35 days in 6L:18D. At 35 days the mean pituitary level
      was significantly higher in the 6L:18D than in 16L:8D. Plasma levels of FSH were
      significantly higher in 16L:8D at 14 and 21 days, and then gradually declined. In
      6L:18D plasma FSH rose to a maximum at 35 days, but did not reach the levels
      occurring at an earlier age in voles in 16L:8D. The relationship between
      pituitary and plasma levels of FSH in the two photoperiods is compatible with the
      idea of a storage and a readily releasable pool of the hormone within the
      pituitary gland. In 16L:8D changing levels of LH and FSH seem to be due to the
      onset of testicular activity with consequent feedback effects of testicular
      hormones upon the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 6816932
TI  - The use of telecommunications technology in the training of rehabilitation
      personnel.

PMID- 6816931
TI  - Human lymphocyte antigens characterizing psoriatic arthritis and its subtypes.
AB  - We performed human lymphocyte alloantigen determinations in patients with
      psoriatic arthritis (PsPA) who were clinically classified into arthritic subtypes
      and disease severity. The total PsPA group demonstrated elevations of HLA-BW38,
      CW6, DR4 when compared with controls (p less than 0.001). Severe arthritics have
      increased DR4 frequency when compared with less severe arthritics (p less than
      0.02). Those with mild disease have increased A3, B7 frequency which was absent
      in patients with moderate or severe arthritis. Rheumatoid-like PsPA patients have
      increased DR4, B40 frequencies; those with spondylitis, B27, CW1. PsPA is
      associated with many genes in the major histocompatibility complex. Distinct
      groups of patients with PsPA as determined by type and severity are identifiable
      by the presence of specific human lymphocyte antigens.

PMID- 6816933
TI  - Diagnosis of Anderson-Fabry disease.

PMID- 6816935
TI  - Development of gut colonisation in pre-term neonates.
AB  - Twenty-eight pre-term babies of low birth weight were monitored for developing
      microflora in throat, stomach and faeces during the first 3 weeks of life. The
      flora at all levels of the gastrointestinal tract differed from that of healthy
      breast-fed and artificially fed full-term babies. Colonisation of throat and
      stomach was delayed beyond 4 days of life in 87% and 60% of babies respectively.
      Only 10% of babies had "normal" oral flora throughout the period of study. Flora
      of the stomach was sparse, and resembled faecal flora. Faecal flora was
      established more rapidly than throat or stomach flora, and 70% of babies were
      colonised during the first 4 days of life. Initially Bacteroides spp. were
      predominant (57% babies), but Escherichia coli and other aerobic gram-negative
      bacilli gradually increased in frequency. Colonisation by gram-positive bacteria
      was slow. Clostridium spp. were present in only 10% of babies during the first 4
      days of life. Most strains were transient. Colonisation with C. butyricum (30%),
      C. perfringens (35%) and C. difficile (25%) was maximum after the first 2 weeks
      of life. Lactic-acid-producing bacteria usually appeared late in the third week
      of life. Parenteral feeding immediately after birth was associated with delayed
      colonisation by a restricted number of species. Parenteral antibiotics
      (penicillin or gentamicin or both) restricted colonisation with normal oral
      flora, the lactic-acid-producing bacteria and penicillin-sensitive clostridia,
      but had little effect on E. coli even when the colonising strain was sensitive to
      the aminoglycoside in the regimen. Systemic spread of bacteria via the blood
      stream was not detected in any babies. The pattern of colonisation of the enteric
      tract in pre-term infants in the special-care nursery studied, differs from that
      of healthy full-term babies; this merits consideration when the results of
      bacteriological tests of this vulnerable group of infants are being interpreted.

PMID- 6816934
TI  - The opacity factor of group-A streptococci.
AB  - Cell-bound opacity factor (OF) was extracted with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
      to yield stable extracts with titres of greater than 20 000. The mol.-wt
      distributions of extracellular and SDS-extracted OF, determined by
      ultrafiltration or chromatography on Sepharose 4B, suggested that the high mol.
      wt (1 x 10(6)) of extracellular OF is due to aggregation, because cell-bound and
      extracellular OF in the presence of SDS had an average mol. wt of only 2 x 10(5).
      At least four apparent multiple-molecular forms (mol. wt 7.4-12.0 x 10(4)) of OF
      were detected by SDS polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It seemed more probable
      that these were due to aggregation rather than the existence of different stable
      conformations. To explain the molecular-size distribution, the subunit would have
      to be as small as 1 x 10(4) but this was supported by the finding that OF can be
      detected after passing through a dialysis membrane provided that its "substrate",
      alpha 1-lipoprotein, is present on the other side. This raises the possibility
      that OF is associated with a carrier molecule. The isoelectric-focusing profiles
      of OF were complex and differed markedly with the method used to prepare OF.
      Extracellular OF had a simple profile with an isoelectric point of 4.0, whereas
      Triton-extracted OF was the most complex and formed three peaks, the position of
      which varied depending on whether the detergent was present or absent during
      focusing runs.

PMID- 6816936
TI  - Detection of gonococcal antigens by an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The detection of gonococcal antigens by an indirect sandwich ELISA system is
      described. The feasibility of using rabbit antiserum raised against whole cells
      of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 9 to detect gonococcal lipopolysaccharide, whole
      cells, and outer membrane (OM) protein was investigated. OM protein was found to
      be the main antigen detectable with the antiserum in a direct ELISA system. A
      positive result in the indirect assay could be obtained with a minimum of 46 to
      92 ng of gonococcal OM protein or with 6.6 X 10(3) cfu of N. gonorrhoeae. The
      sensitivity of the assay was found to be approximately eightfold lower with OM
      complex from a strain of N. meningitidis serogroup B for which the minimum amount
      of OM protein detected was 375 ng. Negative results were obtained with OM complex
      from Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteroides bivius and Escherichia coli. The assay
      seems to be highly specific for gonococcal antigens. The sensitivity of the assay
      and its specificity commend it for further evaluation in the detection of
      gonococcal antigens in clinical specimens.

PMID- 6816937
TI  - Evaluation of rapid tests for the identification of mycobacteria.
AB  - The use of eight rapid tests for the identification of 1307 strains of
      mycobacteria belonging to 18 species was evaluated. The standard niacin, nitrate
      reductase and catalase tests were supplemented by new tests for the detection of
      beta glucosidase, urease, penicillinase, trehalase and cephalosporinase. This
      combination of eight rapid tests was not able to replace more conventional
      procedures but in some cases was of value in discriminating between closely
      related species.

PMID- 6816938
TI  - Rheumatic fever and smooth muscle antibodies.
AB  - Rheumatic fever is a nonsuppurative sequelae to Group A streptococcal
      pharyngitis. Valvulitis resulting from cardiac involvement in this disease, is
      the main cause of morbidity in rheumatic fever. The study of rheumatic fever sera
      on cryostat sections of a variety of tissues using indirect immunofluorescence is
      described. A 95% incidence of smooth muscle antibody was found in 236 rheumatic
      fever sera, from 55 patients. Sera from hospital patients with a variety of
      diseases had an overall incidence of 12% for smooth muscle antibodies. The
      pattern and distribution of tissue staining strongly suggests that the smooth
      muscle antibodies described in rheumatic fever sera have antiactin specificity.
      This finding raises many questions concerning the immunopathogenesis and
      immunogenetics of rheumatic fever, and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases
      in which streptococci have not previously been considered.

PMID- 6816939
TI  - Observations on hair shaft morphology in mucopolysaccharidoses.
AB  - Scalp hair samples were obtained from 11 children with mucopolysaccharidosis
      (MPS, types I, II and III) in order to study the micromorphological structure of
      the hair shafts. To evaluate the morphological variation longitudinal hair
      preparations and cross-sections were investigated by light microscopy and
      additionally scanning electron microscopy was employed to demonstrate the surface
      structure. It is shown that the mean hair shaft diameter in MPS-patients,
      separated into two age groups, is not significantly different from the mean value
      in normal children of the same age, whereas the wider range of diameters and, in
      connection with it, the increased medulla content seems to be a characteristic
      feature of MPS. The most striking deviations were observed in the cross-sections,
      particularly in MPS III/A patients: varying polygonal shapes and an abnormal
      pigment distribution. According to these cross-sections the hair surface
      exhibited severe deformities in the scanning electron microscope, i.e.
      distortions of hair, irregular nodes and longitudinal grooves. In MPS I and II
      similar abnormalities were found.

PMID- 6816940
TI  - DRGs and medical practice: meeting the challenge of incentive reimbursement.

PMID- 6816941
TI  - Prolonged total parenteral nutrition using the Broviac catheter.

PMID- 6816942
TI  - The RNA primer promoter, as defined in vitro, is essential for pMB1 plasmid
      replication in vivo.

PMID- 6816944
TI  - Regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli by the local anesthetic
      procaine.

PMID- 6816943
TI  - Evolution of proteins formed by beta-sheets. I. Plastocyanin and azurin.

PMID- 6816945
TI  - Regulation of fatty acid utilization in heart. Role of the carnitine-acetyl-CoA
      transferase and carnitine-acetyl carnitine translocase system.

PMID- 6816946
TI  - Ribose enhances the isoproterenol-elicited positive inotropic effect in rats in
      vivo.

PMID- 6816947
TI  - Primary structure similarities in canine cardiac cathepsin D polypeptide chains.

PMID- 6816948
TI  - Gonadal influences on the inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B activity.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) was similarly active in the hypothalamus of 60
      day-old male and female Charles River rats. A single, 2 mg/kg IP injection of
      deprenyl, however, resulted in a significantly greater inhibition of hypothalamic
      MAO-B in normal males than in normal females. Repeated administration of estrogen
      (estradiol valerate) to intact males postnatally, a treatment which disrupts the
      masculinization process, although not provoking true "feminization," decreased
      the inhibition of MAO-B, thus abolishing the sex-specific difference. The
      intensity of deprenyl-provoked hypothermia and ptosis in males exceeded that of
      females; neonatal and postnatal estrogenization of males resulted in diminution
      of these effects. Androgen administration to neonate females did little affect
      the biochemical and in vivo parameters of MAO inhibition. It is concluded that
      sex-specific, biochemical differences in MAO-B inhibition may have
      pharmacological correlates, and both facets of MAO inhibition are sensitive to
      neonatal exposure to estrogen.

PMID- 6816949
TI  - Tay-Sachs disease and normal cerebellar cells in culture: elevated levels of
      lysosomal enzymes in Tay-Sachs disease cells.
AB  - Tay-Sachs disease and normal fetal cerebellar cells were maintained in culture
      for up to four weeks. Elevated levels of the lysosomal enzymes hexosaminidase B,
      beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase were observed in the Tay-Sachs cells in
      long term cultures although elevated lysosomal enzyme levels were not observed in
      the normal cultures. Similarly, elevated lysosomal enzyme activities were
      observed in Tay-Sachs cultures which had been treated with Concanavalin A.

PMID- 6816950
TI  - Assembly of bacteriophage PRD1: particle formation with wild-type and mutant
      viruses.
AB  - Bacteriophage PRD1 contains DNA, 17 proteins, and lipid. The assembly pathway
      involves the formation of empty particles that contain lipid and all of the
      proteins of mature virions, with the possible exception of one. The major and
      minor capsid proteins, P3 and P5, occur as soluble multimers before they appear
      in the empty particles. Nonsense mutants of PRD1 that involve structural proteins
      of the virion other than P3 form particles that are missing only the defective
      protein. Those mutants that are unable to form P3 do not form particles.
      Mutations in two other genes that code for nonstructural proteins (P10, which is
      membrane bound, and P17, which is soluble) result in the absence of particles.
      Protein P2 is necessary for adsorption to host cells. Protein P9 is necessary for
      particle filling with DNA, whereas P20 and P22 are necessary for stable DNA
      packaging. Electron micrographs of infected cells confirmed the gradient analysis
      of particle formation. No free vesicles were observed in mutants that could not
      form complete empty particles, indicating that there are no free intermediate
      particles before the empty virions.

PMID- 6816952
TI  - Concurrent radiation and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 6816951
TI  - Structure of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1: disruption of wild-type and
      nonsense mutant phage particles with guanidine hydrochloride.
AB  - The lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 was disrupted, and the subviral particles
      were studied. Guanidine treatment released two phage proteins (P3 and P5). These
      proteins form the polyhedral capsid. The remaining phage proteins were associated
      with the phage membrane vesicle. The vesicle was capable of forming a tubular
      structure. The isolated phage membrane vesicles aggregated readily. We found that
      aggregation and tube formation were associated with specific phage proteins (P11
      and P18, respectively) by using protease treatment and an analysis of nonsense
      mutant phage particles. In addition, the possibility that free vesicles might be
      precursors to empty virions was studied.

PMID- 6816953
TI  - Countertraction retrograde urethrography in women: an improved diagnostic
      technique.

PMID- 6816954
TI  - [Protoplast formation of Lactobacillus casei induced by endo-N-acetylmuramidase].

PMID- 6816955
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of concomitant nitroglycerin ointment and nifedipine
      treatment in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Nitroglycerin ointment and nifedipine were used concurrently for vasodilator
      therapy in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin ointment
      20 mg (4 cm) induced a significant reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure from 14.1 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) to 12.4 +/- 1.2
      mmHg (p less than 0.05) 30 min after application, while cardiac output, mean
      blood pressure, and systemic vascular resistance did not show a significant
      change. When nifedipine 10 mg was added orally, mean blood pressure significantly
      decreased from 99.0 +/- 6.3 to 82.8 +/- 5.9 mmHg (p less than 0.005) and systemic
      vascular resistance from 25.7 +/- 1.5 to 19.2 +/- 1.6 units (p less than 0.001)
      30 min after; on the other hand, cardiac index significantly increased from 2.28
      +/- 0.12 to 2.57 +/- 0.14 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001). From these results, it
      was concluded that combined use of these two drugs was a useful and safe form of
      unloading therapy.

PMID- 6816956
TI  - [Extramedullary IgG(lambda) plasmacytoma with polyneuritis and pigmentation].

PMID- 6816957
TI  - [Case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a biphasic (19S and 7S) IgM-lambda
      type M component and Bence Jones protein--evaluation of the idiotype
      specificity].

PMID- 6816958
TI  - [Autopsy case of solitary myeloma (BJ-lambda) with extensive extramedullary
      lesions developing within 5 years].

PMID- 6816960
TI  - [Morphological observation of the biopsy specimen of the skin--contribution to
      the diagnosis of cerebral degeneration].

PMID- 6816959
TI  - [An autopsy case of atypical leukemia with myelofibrosis followed by monoclonal
      gammopathy in long (100 months) clinical course].

PMID- 6816961
TI  - [Enzymes involved in the metabolism of polysaccharides and nucleic acids].

PMID- 6816962
TI  - [Peripheral monocyte function test and its clinical significance].

PMID- 6816965
TI  - [Normal value and response of urinary steroids on various conditions].

PMID- 6816963
TI  - [Monoclonal gammopathy].

PMID- 6816964
TI  - [Changes of the volume of CRP-anti-CRP immune precipitates caused by a metal
      chelating agent (EDTA)].

PMID- 6816966
TI  - [Antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma].

PMID- 6816967
TI  - [Case of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted by the blood of a patient in a
      convalescent stage of acute hepatitis].

PMID- 6816968
TI  - HLA: genetic control of immune response and disease susceptibility.

PMID- 6816969
TI  - [A case of amyloid nephrotic syndrome in a IgA-lambda type myeloma patient with
      aortitis syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, and hypoglycemia].

PMID- 6816970
TI  - Ventilatory response to CO2 after brief stimulations of the peripheral
      chemoreceptors in man.
AB  - Whether or not stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors by hypercapnic
      hypoxic exposure results in a long-lasting increase in ventilatory activities was
      studied using the steady state CO2 response test on 12 human subjects. The degree
      of hypercapnic hypoxia was end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) 42.1 +/- 3.0 and PO2 (PETO2)
      39.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg, lasting for 5 min. Minute ventilation values at PETCO2 45 mmHg
      (V45) and PETCO2 at minute volume 15 liter . min-1 (P15) were calculated from the
      respective CO2 response curves. The differences in V45 and P15 between the
      control and the 30 min test group were found to be significant (p less than
      0.05). These results suggested the left- and upward-shift of the CO2 response
      curve of the 30 min test group. On the other hand, in 5 of the 12 subjects, three
      successive CO2 response tests conducted at 0, 30, and 90 min without hypercapnic
      hypoxic exposure showed fairly reproducible results, and no statistically
      significant differences were found between any of the above trials with the
      parameters S, B, V45, and P15. These results indicated that the CO2 response
      curve obtained by using the steady state method can be effected for at least 30
      min even if the stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors is only for brief
      periods.

PMID- 6816971
TI  - Relationship between receptor-binding affinities and TSH-releasing activities of
      novel TRH analogs in the rat.
AB  - Specific bindings of 3H-TRH to rat pituitary homogenate and apparent affinities
      of TRH analogs for binding sites were studied. The dissociation constant for 3H
      TRH binding to rat pituitary homogenate was 30 nM at 0 degrees C, and the number
      of the binding sites was 120 fmoles/mg protein. The apparent affinities of TRH
      analogs for the binding sites, which were estimated from the ability to displace
      3H-TRH from those binding sites, were found to correlate well with their TSH
      releasing activities. These findings support the idea that the TSH releasing
      activities of TRH analogs depend almost entirely upon their binding abilities to
      the TRH receptor in the pituitary.

PMID- 6816972
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine: a substrate for rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase-A
      and -B.

PMID- 6816973
TI  - [Renal effects of intravenous nitroglycerin].

PMID- 6816974
TI  - [Surgery of intrapericardial tumor associated with von Recklinghausen's disease:
      case report].

PMID- 6816975
TI  - [4 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis caused presumably by exogenous re-infection.
      Part 1. Report on cases 1 and 2].

PMID- 6816976
TI  - [4 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis caused presumably by exogenous re-infection.
      Part 2. Report of case 3].

PMID- 6816977
TI  - [Immunology of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6816978
TI  - [Pathophysiological aspects of heart failure complicating the course of
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - An analysis is presented of the central hemodynamics records obtained by
      catheterization of the cardiac chambers and echocardiography in 74 patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Administration of vasodilators and anticalcium
      agents is recommended during first 6 hours of AMI; later, in the presence of
      clinical symptoms of heart failure, cardiac glycosides should be added. The
      authors claim that nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and cardiotonic agent whose
      inotropic effect is mediated through the diastolic phase by eliminating the
      myocardial contracture during the first hours of AMI.

PMID- 6816979
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the dimensions of the focal lesion in experimental
      myocardial necrosis].
AB  - In experiments on 150 rabbits with experimental necrosis of the myocardium it was
      shown that intravenous administration of nitroglycerin leads to decrease of
      morphological dimensions of the lesion and to positive dynamics of the precardial
      chartogram. Efficacy of nitroglycerin treatment depends on the time of
      administration (from the moment of ligation of the coronary artery) and the
      duration of its administration. The data obtained suggest the advisability of
      using this method on patients with acute myocardial infarction in order to limit
      the dimensions of the lesion.

PMID- 6816980
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The influence of sublingual dose (0.5 mg) of nitroglycerin on the cardiac
      function and central haemodynamics was studied in 53 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction in the first hours of illness. The cardiac output was
      measured by radiocardiography and tetrapolar rheography, filling pressure on the
      left ventricle by catheterization of the pulmonary artery. It is shown that
      nitroglycerin leads to decrease of the systemic arterial pressure and filling
      pressure in the left ventricle. In patients with a hyperkinetic type of
      circulation there is a decrease of cardiac output caused by predominantly
      decreased venous return of the blood. In patients with eukinetic and especially
      with a hypokinetic type of haemodynamics nitroglycerin leads to significant
      increase of the cardiac output, caused by predominant decrease of after-load. It
      is concluded that nitroglycerin is indicated in any haemodynamic variant of
      myocardial infarction (except cases of marked arterial hypotension). It improves
      the pumping function of the heart and ensures its oxygen supply.

PMID- 6816981
TI  - Arterial PCO2 in chronic metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 6816982
TI  - Nitrogen utilization in uremic patients fed by continuous nasogastric infusion.
AB  - Patients with severe renal failure were continuously fed an electrolyte-free
      solution containing oligosaccharides plus 35 g of a mixture of six amino acids
      and four (or, in one study, five) nitrogen-free analogues via a small-bore
      nasogastric tube attached to a pump. They also ingested three small meals daily.
      Total caloric intake averaged 34 kcal/kg (of which 76% was infused). Total
      nitrogen intake averaged only 3.3 g (of which 68% was infused). Nevertheless,
      nitrogen balance was positive (average + 1.22 g/day). All components of nitrogen
      excretion fell to unusually low average values: urea nitrogen appearance, 1.14
      g/day; non-urea urinary nitrogen. 0.63 g/day; fecal nitrogen, 0.48 g/day.
      Nitrogen requirement for balance on this regimen, estimated from linear
      regression, was only 2.0 g/day. Body weight did not change significantly. Serum
      albumin and transferrin remained normal. Thus, this regimen induces positive
      nitrogen balance despite low nitrogen intake.

PMID- 6816984
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of lung cancer with preoperative betatron
      irradiation].

PMID- 6816985
TI  - [Conservative treatment of intestinal fistulae and anastomosis incompetence in
      the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6816983
TI  - [Double gastrostomy in surgical treatment of esophageal atresia].

PMID- 6816986
TI  - [Anastomotic diverticula after jejunogastroplasty].

PMID- 6816987
TI  - [Esophageal catheter].

PMID- 6816988
TI  - [Acute postoperative pancreatitis].

PMID- 6816989
TI  - Haematological, coagulation and blood chemistry data in red-bellied tamarins
      Saguinus labiatus.
AB  - Haematology, coagulation and clinical chemistry data are reported for a group of
      male and female red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus). The tamarins were
      juvenile and young adults and were bred in captivity. High mean values for
      activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino-transferase, aspartate
      aminotransferase and creatine kinase were noted. The findings are compared with
      data obtained from other members of the family Callitrichidae.

PMID- 6816990
TI  - Noma in Saguinus oedipus: a report of 2 cases.
AB  - 2 cases of noma in cotton topped marmosets (Saguinus oedipus) are reported. The
      condition did not respond to antibiotic therapy, but was successfully treated in
      one animal by local application of ethacridine lactate.

PMID- 6816991
TI  - Studies on methionine derivatives as possible sources of protected methionine in
      ruminant rations.

PMID- 6816992
TI  - Flow patterns around ciliated microorganisms and in ciliated ducts.

PMID- 6816993
TI  - Kinetics of reaction zone formation with radial diffusion of ligands over a
      receptor-coated surface.

PMID- 6816994
TI  - A digital computer model of the human circulatory system.

PMID- 6816995
TI  - [Pure red cell series aplasia associated with monoclonal gammapathy].

PMID- 6816996
TI  - [Extramedullary IgD lambda plasmacytoma mimicking a pituitary chromophobe
      adenoma].

PMID- 6816997
TI  - [Sanfilippo syndrome and shortened PR].

PMID- 6816999
TI  - Experimental study of partial liver resection with a combined CO2 and Nd:YAG
      laser.
AB  - The use of the CO2 laser in liver surgery is mainly limited by the lack of
      coagulation of the larger vessels. In an experimental study, partial liver
      resections were performed on pigs with a Nd:YAG as well as with a combined CO2
      and Nd:YAG laser. The best cutting efficiency was obtained with the CO2 laser. On
      the other hand, the Nd:YAG laser and the combined laser sources showed excellent
      hemostasis at the cutting edge corresponding with a width of necrosis at about 5
      mm in histomorphometric examination and zones with histologically different
      characteristics. Rebleedings from the resection lines were avoided in all cases
      using the combined CO2 and Nd:YAG laser.

PMID- 6816998
TI  - Management of bilateral acoustic tumors.
AB  - Bilateral acoustic tumors, often felt to represent a central form of von
      Recklinghausen's disease, pose a particularly challenging problem to the
      otologist. This retrospective study reviews the evaluation and surgical results
      in 15 patients with bilateral acoustic tumors from whom 23 tumors were removed.
      Early diagnosis can be achieved by clinical awareness of the disease, thorough
      radiologic evaluation, and appropriate family screening. Total tumor removal with
      preservation of hearing is usually possible if the lesion is not larger than 1.0
      cm. Total removal with hearing preservation is usually not possible if the lesion
      is larger than 2.0 cm. Hydrocephalus and additional tumors can complicate the
      overall clinical picture. Guidelines for appropriate management of bilateral
      acoustic tumors are based on tumor size, hearing sensitivity, and associated
      intracranial pathology.

PMID- 6817000
TI  - Observations on the simultaneous use of CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers in neurosurgery.
AB  - Seven cases of cerebral tumors (four deep-seated sovratentorial gliomas located
      in motor area, occipital region, parietal region and frontal region; one deep
      seated cystic cerebellar spongioblastoma; one sphenoidal wing meningioma, and one
      spinal cord intradural tumor) were simultaneously irradiated in the same area
      with two sources (CO2 and Nd:YAG). Using CO2 and Nd:YAG simultaneously, a larger
      and deeper lesion was obtained. The main bulk was irradiated with two sources
      free hand. The implant with the two sources was connected to the operating
      microscope. The rise in temperature, 3 mm from the border of the lesion, was
      similar to that obtained with Nd:YAG alone. Hemostasis was not impaired. In
      comparison with the single sources, this method allows a more rapid demolition of
      the tumor without additional damage to the surrounding tissues.

PMID- 6817001
TI  - The effect of estrogen priming of hypogonadal women on the release of
      gonadotropins and prolactin in response to 2-hydroxyestradiol.
AB  - We have previously shown that the administration of a 2-hydroxyestradiol (20H-E2)
      infusion (250 microgram/h x 4 h) to hypogonadal women resulted in a selective
      increase in the levels of circulating prolactin (PRL) without changes in LH or
      FSH. The present study concerns the effect of estrogen priming of hypogonadal
      women on the release of gonadotropins and PRL in response to an identical 20H-E2
      infusion. Estrogen priming consisted of a 5 day course of orally administered
      ethinyl estradiol at a daily dose of 300 micrograms. Significant (P less than
      0.05) inhibition of LH release was observed within 1 h of the onset of the 20H-E2
      infusion reaching a nadir (-25 +/- 2%) by 3.75 h. The circulating levels of FSH
      remained unaltered for the duration of the 8 h study. In contrast, significant (P
      less than 0.05) increments in the release of PRL could clearly be detected after
      a lag period of 1.5 h reaching a peak (+91 +/- 11%) by 4 h. These and previous
      findings demonstrate that the inhibitory influence of 20H-E2 on gonadotropin
      secretion is conditional upon prior estrogen priming while the ability of 20H-E2
      to stimulate the release of PRL is not.

PMID- 6817002
TI  - Ro 15-1788 antagonizes the discriminative stimulus effects of diazepam in rats
      but not similar effects of pentobarbital.
AB  - The benzodiazepine antagonist properties of Ro 15-1788 were evaluated in rats
      trained to discriminate between saline and either 1.0 mg/kg of diazepam or 10
      mg/kg of pentobarbital in a two-choice discrete-trial shock avoidance procedure.
      When administered alone, 1.0 mg/kg of diazepam and 10 mg/kg of pentobarbital
      produced comparable amounts of drug-appropriate responding (less than 84%),
      whether rats were trained to discriminate between diazepam or pentobarbital and
      saline. Ro 15-1788 (3-32 mg/kg, p.o.), administered 10 min before diazepam or
      pentobarbital, produced a dose-related blockade of the discriminative effects of
      diazepam in both groups of rats, but was completely ineffective in blocking the
      discriminative effects of pentobarbital. The dose-effect curve for the
      discriminative effects of diazepam was shifted to the right in a parallel fashion
      3- and 13-fold by 10 and 32 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788, respectively, indicating that Ro
      15-1788 acts as a surmountable, competitive antagonist of diazepam. When
      administered alone, Ro 15-1788 (32-100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced primarily saline
      appropriate responding, although 100 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788 produced drug
      appropriate responding in one out of eight rats. When administered orally 30 min
      after diazepam, Ro 15-1788 (32 mg/kg) completely reversed within 10 min the
      discriminative effects of diazepam. The blockade of diazepam's discriminative
      effects by 32 mg/kg of Ro 15-1788 appeared to last at least as long
      (approximately 2 hr) as the effects of diazepam alone.

PMID- 6817003
TI  - Metabolism of arachidonic acid in leukocytes: isolation of a 5,15-dihydroxy
      eicosatetraenoic acid.
AB  - A novel metabolite of arachidonic acid was isolated from incubations of
      peripheral blood leukocytes with the fatty acid and the ionophore A23187. The
      compound was purified by high performance liquid chromatography and identified by
      ultraviolet photometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a 5,15
      dihydroxy-6,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid. The compound was also isolated from
      incubations of human leukocytes with the 15S-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13(Z,Z,Z,E)
      eicosatetraenoic acid, suggesting a double dioxygenation mechanism in the
      formation of this new metabolite of arachidonic acid. A 5S,15S-dihydroxy
      6,8,11,13(E,Z,Z,E)-eicosatetraenoic acid was obtained from incubations of 5S
      hydroxy-6,8,11,14(E,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid with the soybean lipoxygenase
      and reduction with stannous chloride, and was used as reference compound.

PMID- 6817004
TI  - Synthesis of diene prostaglandins in freshwater fish.
AB  - Biosynthesis of PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in four species of freshwater fish,
      Tilapia mossambica, Cyprinus carpio, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarius
      batrachus was studied. Both arachidonic acid and PGH2 were used as substrates.
      When PGH2 replaced arachidonic acid in the enzymic reaction, there was a 3- to 4
      fold increase in PGE2 synthesis, but no such increase in the synthesis of PGF2
      alpha and PGD2 was observed.

PMID- 6817005
TI  - Human non-A, non-B hepatitis: ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes.
AB  - Ultrastructural investigation of liver biopsies from two patients with non-A, non
      B hepatitis revealed cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations in the hepatocytes. The
      lesions in both patients, one with acute and one with chronic hepatitis, were
      similar and distinct from those previously described in other forms of hepatitis.
      These findings are compared with the reported findings in chimpanzee liver after
      inoculation with non-A, non-B infective material. The intranuclear findings are
      similar to the aggregations of 20-27 nm particles described in some infected
      chimpanzees, and the cytoplasmic alterations seem to be similar to the
      cytoplasmic structures and tubular arrangements reported in other inoculated
      chimpanzees. A striking finding of this study is the presence of both alterations
      together in the same biopsy in two different patients, suggesting that they
      represent a different stage of viral infection or different parts of the viral
      agent. It still remains to be proved that the ultrastructural particles indeed
      contain antigen(s) of the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. The nuclear and
      cytoplasmic alterations are, however, characteristic for non-A, non-B hepatitis
      and are useful as ultrastructural hallmarks of this form of hepatitis.

PMID- 6817006
TI  - Serological tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis: controversy.

PMID- 6817007
TI  - Detection by immunofluorescence of an antigen-antibody system in patients with
      acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
AB  - An antigen-antibody system has been identified by immunofluorescence in patients
      with non-A, non-B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B antigen was localized in the
      hepatocyte nuclei of liver biopsies from patients with acute post-transfusion or
      sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis and in those from patients with chronic post
      transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, the percentage of positive cells being most
      prominent in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Absence of the
      antigen in normal livers and in livers from patients with type B hepatitis
      infection indicated its specific association with non-A, non-B infection.
      Antibody reacting with the nuclear antigen became detectable in serum during post
      transfusion acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in 11 out of 15 cases; it was absent
      before transfusion. Six out of 12 cases of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis
      were also found to produce the antibody, which was repeatedly found to be absent
      during the acute phase in five patients with type A and in eight with type B
      hepatitis. The non-A, non-B antibody, mainly an IgM antibody, persisted in serum
      for prolonged periods of time after onset, both in patients showing biochemical
      resolution of their illness and in those who continued to have liver damage after
      the acute phase. Accordingly, eight out of nine patients with chronic non-A, non
      B hepatitis were found positive for the antibody in serum, seven at the time the
      non-A, non-B antigen was detected in their liver. Thus this non-A, non-B
      associated antigen-antibody system shares remarkable similarities of behaviour
      with the "core" system of the hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 6817008
TI  - Detection by immunofluorescence of a new "core-like" Ag/Ab system in liver and
      serum of patients with NANB hepatitis.
AB  - Using direct immunofluorescence, a nuclear antigen was found in liver of chronic
      hepatitis patients with circulating NANBe Ag or anti-NANBe, and selected sera
      from either group were used as source of conjugates. The new Ag/Ab system was
      designated NANBc Ag and anti-NANBc since it behaved like the core Ag of HBV .
      NANBc Ag was detected in coded frozen liver biopsies from patients with chronic
      persistent 15/25 (60%) or active 27/50 (54%) hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis
      16/30 (53.3%) devoid of HBV markers. Only 2/30 alcoholic cirrhosis cases (7%)
      used as controls were positive (p less than or equal to 0.001). The homologous
      anti-NANBc antibody was always detectable by indirect immunofluorescence in the
      patients' serum when NANBc Ag was found in the liver. It was also found in 11/135
      (8%) additional cases without any other NANB marker. A correlation was observed
      between coded detection of the NANBc Ag/Ab system by immunofluorescence and
      demonstration of NANBe Ag or anti-NANBe by immunodiffusion. In acute post
      transfusion NANB hepatitis, anti-NANBc was first detectable 14 days after
      transfusion and persisted as long as ALT remained elevated, or longer. IgM anti
      NANBc present at onset became associated with an increasing proportion of IgG
      after the 28th day. The prevalence of anti-NANBc in sporadic NANB hepatitis
      (11/50 = 22%) was significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.001) than in
      cases with parenteral exposure such as post-transfusion, occupational or drug
      addict hepatitis (47/72 = 65%). Immunofluorescent tests for NANBc Ag and Ab are
      promising assays for the serological diagnosis of NANB hepatitis.

PMID- 6817010
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis in man: further evidence in favour of hepatitis-B like
      particles.

PMID- 6817009
TI  - Clinico-pathological study of acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis:
      histological features of liver biopsies in acute phase.
AB  - A follow-up study of acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis with a mean
      follow-up period of 30 months was carried out in 24 patients in whom liver biopsy
      was done within 3 months of onset. Of the 24, 13 patients (54%) developed chronic
      biochemical liver disease with elevated serum aminotransferases for more than 6
      months, and in 11 the elevated liver enzymes were normalized within 6 months.
      Although there were no statistically significant differences in the mean peak
      values of liver enzymes, length of incubation period and number of transfusions
      between the chronic and resolved groups, the former tended to have a slow rise
      and multiple peaks of serum liver enzymes. Analysis of the liver biopsies made in
      the acute phase revealed that limiting plate erosion, hepatocellular
      degeneration, and poor regenerative activities were indicative of subsequent
      transition to chronicity. Multiple biopsies were taken in five patients who were
      followed for an average of 29 months, and the subsequent histological diagnosis
      was chronic persistent hepatitis in two, chronic active hepatitis in two and
      cirrhosis in one.

PMID- 6817011
TI  - New ultrastructural marker in hepatocytes in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis.
AB  - A new ultrastructural cytoplasmic marker designated as type 2, and distinct from
      type 1 previously associated with NA-NB hepatitis in chimpanzees, was found in
      hepatocytes of two patients and of one experimentally infected chimpanzee. These
      cases represent a minority of all cases we studied as presumed NA-NB viral
      hepatitis. Type 2 marker consists of tubular structures composed of an assembly
      of ring-like units coated with smaller uniform fragments, accumulated in
      different patterns in dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary
      data using immunofluorescence with NA-NB hepatitis convalescent serum and
      antiserum against fibrinogen are reported. Type 2 marker may represent a
      different agent or a different reaction pattern to one agent of NA-NB viral
      hepatitis. Its features are compared with those of hepatitis B.

PMID- 6817012
TI  - Acute hepatitis non-A, non-B; are there any specific light microscopic features?
AB  - Coded examination of liver biopsies from a total of 24 patients with acute
      hepatitis non-A, non-B revealed two main histological trends: (a) acute viral
      hepatitis with confluent necrosis (sublobular and bridging) carrying a relatively
      good prognosis and taking a chronic course in only four out of 14 patients (29%);
      and (b) acute viral hepatitis with severe portal infiltration rich in lymphocytes
      and plasma cells, lymph follicles with germinal centers and bile duct lesions, as
      described by Poulsen & Christoffersen. The latter group showed a very high
      tendency to transition to chronic hepatitis (six out of seven patients, 86%) or a
      course characterized by one or multiple acute relapses (one out of seven
      patients, 14%). Bile duct lesions, if present in biopsies of patients with acute
      hepatitis, are of diagnostic and prognostic value. They point to the etiological
      possibility of a hepatitis non-A, non-B and, at the same time, they indicate a
      high likelihood of evolution to chronic liver disease.

PMID- 6817014
TI  - Immunofluorescence tests in non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PMID- 6817013
TI  - Light microscopic morphology of acute hepatitis non-A, non-B. A comparison with
      hepatitis type A and B.
AB  - Liver biopsies from a total of 240 patients with acute hepatitis A (86 patients),
      B (78 patients) and non-A, non-B (76 patients) were blindly evaluated for
      quantitative and qualitative light microscopic differences. No qualitative
      differences separate the three types of hepatitis, but the frequency and degree
      of some histological features seem to be characteristic of acute human non-A, non
      B hepatitis. The degree of focal necrosis and portal inflammation was less
      pronounced in the non-A, non-B group as compared to the hepatitis A and B groups
      (P less than 0.01). Twenty-six percent of the non-A, non-B liver biopsies showed
      steatosis as compared with 10% and 6% in the hepatitis A and B groups,
      respectively (P less than 0.01). Bridging necrosis only occurred in liver
      biopsies from patients with non-A, non-B and B hepatitis. Abnormal bile ducts
      were detected in a total of five patients, three of whom were found in the non-A,
      non-B group. A comparison between histological findings in non-A, non-B patients
      with and without a possible intravenous exposure revealed that steatosis,
      cholestasis, large piecemeal necrosis and confluent necrosis occurred with the
      highest incidence in the patients without intravenous exposure, indicating that
      non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by more than one etiological agent.

PMID- 6817015
TI  - The analysis of factor VIII.

PMID- 6817016
TI  - Amidolytic end-point methods for factor VIIIC inhibitors.

PMID- 6817017
TI  - Factor VIII related antigen: an improved enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 6817018
TI  - Qualitative VIIIR: AG function screening of multiple samples by two-dimensional
      crossed immunoelectrophoretic technique.

PMID- 6817019
TI  - Detection of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 6817020
TI  - [The disease picture of melorheostosis (Leri-Joanny syndrome). Aspects of
      diagnosis, differential diagnosis and possibilities of therapy].

PMID- 6817021
TI  - [Initial discovery of Triatoma costalimai naturally infected with Trypanosoma
      cruzi: study of the biological aspects of an isolated sample].

PMID- 6817022
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: circulating antigens.

PMID- 6817023
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni antigenic extracts obtained by different extraction
      procedures.

PMID- 6817024
TI  - Vaccination of Callithrix jacchus (Linne, 1758) marmosets with the PF strain of
      Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 6817025
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of hearts from asymptomatic Chagas disease patients dying
      in a violent manner].

PMID- 6817026
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: antigen-receptor mediated endocytosis of antibody.

PMID- 6817027
TI  - [Forest cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in areas of Cerrado (county of Formosa, State
      of Goias)].

PMID- 6817028
TI  - [Guerreiro-Machado reaction. Effects of inactivation of Chagas disease serum on
      complement fixation using Trypanosoma cruzi antigen].

PMID- 6817029
TI  - [Encephalopathic forms of chronic Chagas disease seen in Argentina].

PMID- 6817030
TI  - Selection in Bacillus subtilis giving rise to strains with mutational alterations
      in a variety of ribosomal proteins.
AB  - To facilitate mapping of ribosomal protein genes in Bacillus subtilis, a
      selection was devised which gave rise to strains with alterations in any one of a
      variety or ribosomal proteins. Alterations in eighteen ribosomal proteins were
      identified when eighty mutants were analysed. In addition, one strain showed a
      major assembly defect in the large ribosomal subunit resulting in the presence of
      a particle sedimenting at about 40S. Eighteen large subunit proteins were present
      on this particle in normal amounts, while twelve proteins were much reduced in
      amount or undetectable.

PMID- 6817031
TI  - Unusual suppression properties of lysogens containing derivatives of phi 80
      psu3+.
AB  - Nonsense codon suppressing lysogens of E. coli have been made using phi 80 psu3+
      A2 and phi 80 psuoc+-A2, heat-sensitive amber and ochre suppressing derivatives,
      respectively, of bacteriophage phi 80. The various lysogens selected differ in
      strength of suppression as well as in heat sensitivity of suppressor function.
      Heat-resistant derivatives, some still carrying the A2 mutation, can be selected
      from the heat sensitive parents. Mapping experiments indicate that the phi 80
      derivatives integrate at the tyrTV locus, which contains two copies of tRNA1Tyr.
      The origin of the various suppressor phenotypes appears to be related to the
      great variety of distinctive recombination events possible either between the
      incoming tRNA1Tyr gene and the host copies, or among the three copies of this
      gene in the lysogens.

PMID- 6817032
TI  - Decrease in ribosomal proteins 1, 2/3, L4, and L7 in Drosophila melanogaster in
      the absence of X rDNA.
AB  - The rRNA genes (rDNA) in Drosophila melanogaster are found in two clusters, one
      on the X and one on the Y chromosome. We have compared the ribosomal protein
      composition of wild-type Oregon-R flies containing both X-linked and Y-linked
      rDNA with that of flies containing only the Y-linked rDNA by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four basic proteins (1, 2/3, L4, and L7)
      normally present in wild-type flies were either electrophoretically not
      detectable (1, 2/3, and L4) or marginally detectable (L7) in flies with only Y
      linked rDNA. No additional proteins were observed in these flies. However,
      immunodiffusion assays using specific antibodies raised against purified protein
      L4 confirmed that L4 was present but in relatively lower amounts in these Y
      linked rDNA flies. An investigation was carried out to determine whether these
      electrophoretically undetectable proteins were more readily lost during ribosome
      preparation and hence were not readily detectable in the 80S particles by gel
      electrophoresis or whether they had been modified. Thus the proteins in the post
      ribosomal cell supernatant and the high salt sucrose gradient were analyzed by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunochemical assays with antibodies
      raised against protein L4 and total 80S ribosomal proteins. The experimental
      evidence indicates that there is a small amount of protein L4 and probably
      proteins 1, 2/3, and L7 in flies with only Y-linked rDNA but significantly less
      of these proteins than in wild-type flies.

PMID- 6817033
TI  - Homology between Drosophila melanogaster and Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins.
AB  - Antibodies raised against D. melanogaster ribosomal proteins were used to examine
      possible structural relationships between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomal
      proteins. The antisera were raised against either groups of ribosomal proteins or
      purified individual ribosomal proteins from D. melanogaster. The specificity of
      each antiserum was confirmed and the identity of the homologous E. coli ribosomal
      protein was determined by immunochemical methods. Immuno-overlay assays indicated
      that the antiserum against the D. melanogaster small subunit protein S14 (anti
      S14) was highly specific for protein S14. In addition, anti-S14 showed a cross
      reaction with total E. coli ribosomal proteins in Ouchterlony double
      immunodiffusion assays and with only E. coli protein S6 in immuno-overlay assays.
      From these and other experiments with adsorption of anti-S14 with individual
      purified proteins, the E. coli protein homologous to the D. melanogaster protein
      S14 was established as protein S6.

PMID- 6817034
TI  - Transformation of Bacillus subtilis competent cells: identification of a protein
      involved in recombination.
AB  - With the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the proteins present in a
      transformation-proficient B. subtilis strain were compared with those present in
      an isogenic, recombination-deficient strain carrying the recE4 mutation. One
      protein (molecular weight 45 kD, iso-electric point 5.4) was found to be
      virtually absent in the recE4 strain. This 45 kD protein is a prominent protein
      predominantly present in the competent fraction of a competent culture. The
      synthesis of the protein is substantially stimulated by irradiation with
      ultraviolet light or treatment with mitomycin C and, to a lesser extent, by
      treatment with nalidixic acid. Since the protein is also observed in a strain
      cured for SP beta and carrying non-inducible PBS X, it is unlikely that this
      protein is a gene product specified by one of these prophages usually present in
      B. subtilis strain 168. Based on these results we conclude that the 45 kD protein
      is involved in recombination in B. subtilis.

PMID- 6817035
TI  - Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins on phagocytosis of Escherichia coli
      strains by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The D-galactosephilic lectin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-I) agglutinates cells
      of E. coli O86B7, while its other lectin (PA-II) agglutinates E. coli O128B12
      cells. Both lectins react with human peripheral leucocytes. Exposure of the human
      leucocytes to either of the two Pseudomonas lectins was found to depress their
      phagocytic activity towards E. coli O86B7 and O128B12 strains, as well as towards
      E. coli B cells, which are not agglutinated by the lectins. However, coating the
      E. coli O86B7 and O128B12 cells, respectively, with PA-I and PA-II lectins
      increased their phagocytosis by untreated human leucocytes. Control experiments
      in which E. coli O86B7 and O128B12 cells were exposed to PA-II and PA-I,
      respectively, did not lead to any increase in their phagocytosis.

PMID- 6817036
TI  - CA2+ uptake in an asporogenous mutant strain of Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - Some properties of Ca2+ accumulation were examined in Bacillus megaterium mutant
      3-12 which cannot sporulate owing to a lack of dipicolinic acid. The steady-state
      intracellular content of Ca2+ was half-saturated at 0.06 mM. Ca2+ was accumulated
      up to its plateau in 30 min. There were two classes of Ca2+ accumulation, high
      affinity and low-affinity, both of which were mostly energy-dependent, and there
      was a small amount of energy independent Ca2+ binding. Exchange of Ca2+
      accumulated in the cells for the external Ca2+ in the medium was observed. The
      highest rates of exchange were evident in the cells harvested when Ca2+
      accumulation reached its peak.

PMID- 6817037
TI  - Comparative ultrastructure of a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated
      from cystic fibrosis patient and its spontaneous non-mucoid mutant.
AB  - The ultrastructure of a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of cystic
      fibrosis origin and its spontaneous non-mucoid variant was compared by
      transmission electron microscopy. Negatively-stained preparations of the mucoid
      strain obtained from plate cultures demonstrated dense, fibrous material
      projecting from the cell. No such material was observed in thin-sections or in
      negatively-strained preparations from liquid cultures. Thin-sections of ethanol
      precipitated extracellular material from liquid cultures of the mucoid-strain
      revealed a cottony mesh of thin electron dense fibres. The non-mucoid strain did
      not produce such material. When prefixed with glutaraldehyde/malachite green
      mixture, cells of both strains demonstrated electron dense intracellular and
      extracellular malachite green-stainable structures. The internal complexes were
      frequently associated with the nucleoid or cell membrane and were replaced by
      electron transparent areas in cells prefixed with glutaraldehyde alone.
      Aeruginocins of the R-type were observed in mitomycin C induced cultures of both
      strains. Bacteriophages with 'claw-shaped' tail-tips were observed in the mucoid
      strain. Crystalline material was produced by the mucoid strain but only when
      plated on certain media.

PMID- 6817038
TI  - [Permeability of the membrane of the Escherichia coli envelope for ethidium
      bromide].
AB  - The interaction of ethidium bromide, a fluorescent dye, with Escherichia coli
      cells was studied. The envelope of intact cells was shown to be impermeable for
      ethidium bromide molecules. The dye penetrated however into E. coli spheroplasts.
      The barrier properties of the cell envelope against ethidium bromide were
      ruptured if the cells were treated with EDTA. The results suggest that the outer
      membrane serves as a principal barrier against penetration of ethidium bromide
      inside the cells while the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli is permeable for the
      dye.

PMID- 6817039
TI  - Nutritional devices and hyperalimentation in the elderly.
AB  - The feeding devices and delivery systems are only two aspects of the total
      picture of ideal nutritional support. One needs to (a) perform a complete
      nutritional assessment to determine the patient's needs (Blackburn et al. 1977);
      (b) choose appropriately among the currently available formulas for enteral
      (Bistrian and Wade 1981) and parenteral use; (c) select the necessary feeding
      device and delivery system; and (d) administer the solution and monitor the
      patient's progress. There are many options in meeting the nutritional needs of
      the elderly patient. One needs to consider the patient's ability to ingest,
      digest, absorb, and metabolize the various foodstuffs. If the gut is functional,
      it should be used (Bothe et al. 1981). If it is not, the intravenous route is
      indicated. In light of the vast advances in technology in this area, there exists
      no excuse to allow our elderly patients to go undernourished.

PMID- 6817040
TI  - [Hormonal therapy of disorders of spermatogenesis].

PMID- 6817042
TI  - Cost-effectiveness in geriatric care.

PMID- 6817041
TI  - Nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6817043
TI  - Disability documentation.

PMID- 6817044
TI  - Centennial: Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus.

PMID- 6817045
TI  - Transmission of measles across state lines--Kentucky, New Hampshire, Tennessee,
      Virginia.

PMID- 6817046
TI  - Influenza update--United States.

PMID- 6817047
TI  - Blood-lead levels in U.S. population.

PMID- 6817048
TI  - Human rabies--Rwanda.

PMID- 6817049
TI  - Carbon monoxide intoxication--a preventable environmental health hazard.

PMID- 6817050
TI  - Arsenic contamination in an abandoned building--Ohio.

PMID- 6817051
TI  - Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis--New Hampshire.

PMID- 6817052
TI  - Vibrio cholerae--Truk, Federated States of Micronesia.

PMID- 6817053
TI  - Otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 0:10 associated with a mobile
      redwood hot tub system--North Carolina.

PMID- 6817054
TI  - Sporotrichosis associated with Wisconsin sphagnum moss.

PMID- 6817055
TI  - Typhoid fever--Michigan.

PMID- 6817056
TI  - False-positive blood cultures associated with automated blood-culture analyzers-
      Massachusetts.

PMID- 6817057
TI  - Fatal diphtheria--Wisconsin.

PMID- 6817058
TI  - Prevention of blindness: trachoma control.

PMID- 6817059
TI  - Epidemic typhus associated with flying squirrels--United States.

PMID- 6817060
TI  - Outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica--Washington state.

PMID- 6817061
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): precautions for clinical and
      laboratory staffs.

PMID- 6817062
TI  - Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis - United
      States.

PMID- 6817063
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis surveillance - United States.

PMID- 6817064
TI  - Influenza - Alaska.

PMID- 6817066
TI  - Rabies -- mid-Atlantic states.

PMID- 6817065
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis: assessment of chemotherapy of males with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 6817067
TI  - Homicide -- United States.

PMID- 6817068
TI  - Urban rat control -- United States, second quarter, fiscal year 1982.

PMID- 6817069
TI  - Staphylococcal infections among river guides--Tennessee, South Carolina, and
      North Carolina.

PMID- 6817070
TI  - Hearing protectors: field measurements.

PMID- 6817071
TI  - Human Salmonella isolates--United States, 1981.

PMID- 6817072
TI  - Recommendation of the immunization practices advisory committee (ACIP): mumps
      vaccine.

PMID- 6817074
TI  - Measles--United States, first 39 weeks, 1982.

PMID- 6817073
TI  - Update: deaths among patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      pumps--United States.

PMID- 6817075
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 1982.

PMID- 6817076
TI  - Effect of different carbon sources on delta 5 desaturation activity of HTC cells.
AB  - The effect of different carbon sources on delta 5 desaturation activity in
      Minimal Deviation Hepatoma 7288 c (HTC) cells was studied. When HTC cells were
      incubated in the absence of carbon sources in the medium (fasted cells) the
      conversion of [1-14C]eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid increased
      significantly compared to those cells incubated in S-77 medium (fed cells). This
      activity was not modified if fasted cells were refed with glucose. However, the
      activity decreased significantly by the addition of lactalbumin hydrolysate to
      fasted cells. This effect can not be attributed to individual aminoacids since
      the addition of them to an aminoacid free medium produced no changes on delta 5
      desaturation activity. The incubation of HTC cells with S-77 medium supplemented
      with glucose, pyruvate or glucose plus pyruvate, showed similar delta 5
      desaturation activity to those cells incubated in S-77 medium alone.

PMID- 6817077
TI  - Clostridium botulinum type C toxin: a sketch of the molecule.
AB  - The purification and crystallization of type C botulinum toxin along with its
      physical characteristics are described. The shape of Clostridium botulinum type C
      toxin molecule is globular like a pressed ball with a 7.4 nm diameter and a 4.3
      nm thickness. The molecular volume is approximately 185 nl and the molecular
      weight is 141000. The toxin molecule is composed of two parts, which are
      separable under appropriate conditions. These parts have some differences in the
      electrophoretic properties, amino acid distribution, immunological, and
      functional characteristics. The toxin molecule can be reconstituted by
      association of S-S bond between the two chains. The expression of the toxicity
      requires that the fragments of the polypeptide chain carrying the necessary
      information be functionally organized for the proper development of the specific
      tertiary structure for active conformation.

PMID- 6817078
TI  - Glycogen synthase in diabetic rat skeletal muscle: activation by insulin.
AB  - Glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of 3-day alloxan-diabetic rats was found to
      be in a less active state than in normal muscle. Both the activity ratio
      (activity without G6P divided by activity with 7.2 mM G6P at 4.4 mM UDPG, pH 7.8)
      and fractional velocity (activity with 0.25 mM G6P divided by activity with 10 mM
      G6P at 0.03 mM UDPG, pH 6.9) were significantly lower in the diabetic tissue.
      Correspondingly, the S0.5 for UDPG and A0.5 for G6P were significantly higher in
      diabetic tissue, suggesting decreased affinity for substrate and activator,
      respectively. The kinetic  changes in the diabetic synthase were identical
      whether the alloxan-treated animals were maintained on insulin for 7 days prior
      to withdrawal for 3 days, or studied 3 days immediately after alloxan treatment.
      The diabetes-induced changes in synthase could be reversed by injecting the
      diabetic rat with insulin 10 min prior to sacrifice. After insulin treatment, the
      S0.5 for UDPG and A0.5 for G6P decreased to control levels or lower and the
      activity ratios and fractional velocities increased to control levels or higher.
      The activity of glycogen synthase phosphatase was not decreased in diabetic
      skeletal muscle. This observation, coupled with the rapid response of the
      diabetic synthase to in vivo insulin treatment, suggests that, unlike the
      phosphatase in cardiac muscle and liver, the glycogen synthase phosphatase in
      skeletal muscle is not altered by the diabetic state.

PMID- 6817079
TI  - Regulation of HIS4-lacZ fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The beginning of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene has been fused to the
      structural gene for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. This construction, which
      contains HIS4 DNA from -732 to +30 relative to the translation initiation codon,
      has been integrated into the yeast genome at two chromosomal locations, HIS4 and
      URA3. At both locations, this 762-base-pair stretch of DNA is sufficient for
      initiating expression of beta-galactosidase activity in S. cerevisiae and confers
      upon this activity the regulatory response normally found for HIS4.

PMID- 6817081
TI  - [The dorsal metacarpal ligament I and arthrosis of the saddle joint of the
      thumb].
AB  - Morphology and function of the Ligamentum metacarpeum dorsale I are investigated.
      The ligament connects the capsule of the Articulatio carpometacarpea pollicis
      with the base of the second metacarpal bone. The ligament is responsible for the
      security and passive guidance of movements in the saddle joint of the thumb. In
      the course of an arthrotic affection of the Articulatio carpometacarpea pollicis
      the ligament is exposed to increased tensile stresses. The excessive mechanical
      stress often leads to partial ossification of the ligament. The ossification is
      radiologically identified as a spurlike protrusion at the base of the second
      metacarpal bone. The evaluation of clinical X-rays reveals, that an osseous spur
      can develop before the saddle joint of the thumb shows alterations. From this the
      bony spur is important for an early diagnosis of the rhizarthrosis.

PMID- 6817080
TI  - Mutations affecting the structure and function of immunoglobulin M.
AB  - Using a hybridoma cell line which secretes hapten-specific immunoglobulin M
      (IgM), we have isolated a variety of mutants which produce abnormal
      immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulin was tested for the size and composition of the
      component heavy and light chains and for variable and constant region related
      functional and serological activities. Some mutants secrete IgM which seems to be
      defective in hapten binding; others make IgM which appears not to activate
      complement. Many of the mutants secrete monomeric as opposed to pentameric IgM.
      In some cases, the defect apparently correlates with structural alterations in
      the mu heavy chain: partial deletion, polypeptide addition, and abnormal
      glycosylation have been observed. These mutant cell lines provide a means of
      identifying the structural basis of IgM function and of studying the biochemistry
      of IgM synthesis and processing.

PMID- 6817083
TI  - [Psychosomatic medicine: clinical aspects].

PMID- 6817082
TI  - [Vascular diseases: psychosomatic origin?].

PMID- 6817084
TI  - [Internal medicine and psychosomatic medicine. Possibilities and problems of
      cooperation].

PMID- 6817085
TI  - [Chronic recurrent pancreatitis or stomach ulcer?].

PMID- 6817087
TI  - [Psychology and vascular diseases].

PMID- 6817086
TI  - [The gout patient and his relationship with the physician].

PMID- 6817088
TI  - [Long term care of hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6817089
TI  - [Psychological problems in the treatment of diabetic patients].

PMID- 6817090
TI  - [Familial hypercholesterolemia. Problems of patients in dealing with their
      disease].

PMID- 6817091
TI  - [Psychosomatic factors and cancer].

PMID- 6817092
TI  - [Psychosomatic factors in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6817093
TI  - [Effect of stress on various endocrinologic and metabolic parameters].

PMID- 6817094
TI  - [The medical student and his patient].

PMID- 6817095
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Calcified pancreatic pseudocyst].

PMID- 6817096
TI  - [Silent struma].

PMID- 6817098
TI  - [Legal evaluation of physicians' strike and campaign measures. Should physicians
      strike?].

PMID- 6817097
TI  - [Performing syphilis tests].

PMID- 6817099
TI  - [Allergic genesis of nasal polyps].

PMID- 6817100
TI  - [Effect of noise on phonation].

PMID- 6817102
TI  - [Can impaired hearing be demonstrated objectively?].

PMID- 6817101
TI  - [Use of lasers in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 6817103
TI  - [Tonsillectomy in coagulation disorders].

PMID- 6817104
TI  - [Peripheral neurogenic vocal cord paralysis. Diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 6817105
TI  - [Progress in endocrinology].

PMID- 6817106
TI  - [Prostaglandins--the body's own regulating hormones. The 1982 Nobel Prize for
      medicine].

PMID- 6817107
TI  - [Current diagnosis and metabolic control in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6817108
TI  - [Progress in insulin therapy of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6817109
TI  - [Clinical significance of gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 6817110
TI  - [Peripheral deiodination of thyroxine. Clinical significance of transformation to
      biologically active and biologically inactive triiodothyronine].

PMID- 6817111
TI  - [Endocrinopathies of calcium metabolism].

PMID- 6817112
TI  - [Differentiated therapy of acromegaly and prolactinomas].

PMID- 6817113
TI  - [Therapy with glucocorticoids].

PMID- 6817114
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Granulomatous hepatitis. Morphologic
      reaction form of toxic liver damage].

PMID- 6817115
TI  - [Frequent serologic constellation].

PMID- 6817116
TI  - [Hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6817117
TI  - [25 years of hypertension therapy with diuretics].

PMID- 6817118
TI  - [Antihypertensive therapy. Pathophysiologic principles].

PMID- 6817120
TI  - [Treatment of therapy-resistant hypertension].

PMID- 6817119
TI  - [Calcium antagonists in the differential therapy of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 6817121
TI  - [Disorders of membrane transport in hypertension. Role of the natriuretic
      hormone].

PMID- 6817122
TI  - [Sodium chloride-restricted diet. Possibilities and limits in the therapy of
      essential hypertension].

PMID- 6817123
TI  - [Captopril and diuretics].

PMID- 6817124
TI  - [Heart pain or pleura pain?].

PMID- 6817125
TI  - [Manifestations of cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 6817126
TI  - [The risk concept--misunderstandings and consequences].

PMID- 6817127
TI  - [Computerized tomography. When should it be used?].

PMID- 6817128
TI  - [Change in the risk concept. Radiation cancer risk as example].

PMID- 6817129
TI  - [The rendezvous system as regional model of medical emergency care. 10 years of
      emergency medical care system in Bonn South (1971 to 1981)].

PMID- 6817130
TI  - [Emergency medical systems in West Germany. Historical retrospect].

PMID- 6817131
TI  - [Achievement sport, recreational drug use and preventive medicine].

PMID- 6817132
TI  - [Unwanted and unexpected effects of drugs. Risk or chance?].

PMID- 6817133
TI  - [Co-dergocrinmesylate in elderly hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6817134
TI  - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Colonic diverticulosis. From the finding
      to the disease].

PMID- 6817135
TI  - [Symptoms of transient ischemic attacks].

PMID- 6817136
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6817137
TI  - Mutagenicity of 2-(2',4'-diaminophenoxy)ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6817138
TI  - The analysis of cannabinoids in biological fluids.

PMID- 6817139
TI  - An EMIT assay for cannabinoid metabolites in urine.

PMID- 6817140
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of immunoassay kits for the detection of cannabinoids in
      biological fluids.
AB  - The Center for Human Toxicology has, together with other toxicology laboratories,
      been involved in the field evaluation of a radioimmunoassay procedure for the
      detection and quantitation of delta 9-THC in serum and an enzyme multiplied
      immunoassay procedure for the detection of the nor-carboxylic acid metabolite in
      urine. Each laboratory was selected on the basis of proven experience with
      commercially available immunoassay procedures. Initially, the study was designed
      to screen samples collected from accident casualties; however, at some of the
      study sites the data base was extended to include other samples. The
      radioimmunoassay procedure evaluated was developed at the Receptor Research
      Institute, and involves the use of a tritium-labeled delta 8-THC tracer. A total
      of eight laboratories participated in the evaluation of this method, which is
      prepared in kit form by the manufacturer. Thirteen laboratories evaluated the
      EMIT procedure developed at Syva Corporation. The study protocol required that
      each site screen serum and urine samples and forward all presumptive positive
      specimens to the Center for Human Toxicology. These positive specimens were then
      shipped to either Battelle Laboratories or Research Triangle Institute for
      confirmation analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of
      these evaluations will be presented and will include: 1. Correlations of positive
      RIA and EMIT analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results; 2. The
      results of quality-control tests; 3. Criticisms and suggestions made by analysts
      at each site; 4. The results of evaluations performed at the Center for Human
      Toxicology.

PMID- 6817141
TI  - Arrangement of human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes implies
      evolutionary duplication of a segment containing gamma, epsilon and alpha genes.
AB  - Cosmid clones containing the human gamma, epsilon and alpha heavy chain constant
      region genes and an epsilon pseudogene have been isolated. All these genes have a
      switch sequence detectable by hybridization. We have studied overlapping cosmids
      covering two separate regions of the genome, and the gene order in each of these
      regions was found to be gamma-gamma-epsilon-alpha. This implies an evolutionary
      duplication in this multigene family involving gamma, epsilon and alpha genes.

PMID- 6817142
TI  - Amplification of immunoglobulin lambda constant genes in populations of wild
      mice.
AB  - The lambda immunoglobulin light chain (Ig lambda) locus of BALB/c inbred mice
      consists of two variable region gene segments (V lambda)1-3, and four constant
      region gene segments (C lambda)1,2,4,5. Each C lambda gene segment is associated
      with a unique joining segment (J lambda)2,4-7, and they are organized in two
      paired units, J3C3-J1C1 and J2C2-J4C4 (refs 4, 8). Using cDNA probes specific for
      C lambda 1 and C lambda 2 (ref. 9) we have analysed the genomic organization of
      the C lambda gene segments in wild-derived and inbred strains of mice. Although
      Southern blots of the genomic DNA of inbred mice show a constant pattern of
      hybridization, wild-derived mice show a high degree of variation in the number,
      size and intensity of hybridizing fragments. We have now found that, per haploid
      genome, mice of a Mus musculus musculus stock isolated from Sladeckovce,
      Czechoslovakia (CzII) have at least 12 C lambda segments, and mice of a Mus
      musculus domesticus stock 'Centreville Lights' from Centreville, Maryland (CL)
      have at least 8 C lambda segments. There appears to have been relatively recent
      amplifications of the C lambda gene segments in wild mice.

PMID- 6817144
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer: 1982--an update.

PMID- 6817143
TI  - Inherited deletion of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes in normal
      human individuals.
AB  - The existence of specific probes for human genes makes it feasible to study
      genetic abnormalities, both inherited and acquired, at the level of the genome.
      In this respect, the antibody genes of man are of particular interest as they
      represent a multigene family expressed in many leukaemias and immunodeficiency
      diseases. Furthermore, selective deficiency of immunoglobulins has been described
      in healthy individuals. Normally, human adults express five types of
      immunoglobulin--IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE and IgA (defined by the class of heavy chain
      constant region). Subclasses are also known in IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4)
      and IgA (IgA1 and IgA2) in which the immunoglobulins contain gamma 1, gamma 2,
      gamma 3 or gamma 4 and alpha 1 or alpha 2 CH regions, respectively. Recently, a
      healthy Tunisian person was described who showed abnormal patterns of
      immunoglobulin expression. The serum immunoglobulin of this individual,
      designated TAK3, was confined to IgM, IgD, IgG3, IgE and IgA2. We have now used
      cloned CH-gene probes to study the DNA of TAK3 as well as two brothers, also
      Tunisian but apparently unrelated to the individual TAK3, and who show a similar
      immunoglobulin abnormality. We found that in these cases there seems to have been
      a large chromosomal deletion which includes three gamma genes, an alpha gene and
      a pseudo-epsilon gene. This deletion accounts for the simultaneous absence of
      certain H-chain subclasses. These results illustrate that the human
      immunoglobulin gene locus is capable of undergoing rapid change, which is
      particularly apparent within small populations in which consanguinity is common.

PMID- 6817145
TI  - Local health coalitions: a vehicle to achieve cost-effective medical care in
      North Carolina.

PMID- 6817146
TI  - [Liver damage caused by valproic acid].

PMID- 6817147
TI  - [Experience with the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test in the diagnosis of
      Graves' ophthalmopathy].

PMID- 6817148
TI  - Some immunological and biochemical markers in chronic lymphatic leukemia
      patients.
AB  - The leukemic cells in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) patients have been studied
      prior to theory with a panel of immunological markers. Cells were assayed for the
      presence of receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E active and total rosettes), C3d
      component of complement (EAC rosettes), mouse erythrocytes (M rosettes), some of
      them also for surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg). In vitro 24 h cultures
      without mitogen (detection of spontaneous DNA synthesis) or 72 h cultures with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were also performed. These conventional immunological
      markers and functional lymphocyte characteristics have been correlated with
      enzyme activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (PNP). Electrophoretic patterns of radiolabeled proteins under
      denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) have also been determined in some patients of
      this group. Phenotypic surface characterization of blood elements of all CLL
      patients studied revealed their B origin, with increased values of EAC rosette
      forming cells and especially increased values of M rosette forming cells.
      Significantly decreased values of both, ADA and PNP, were found in all the cases.
      Electrophoretic patterns of radiolabeled surface proteins from cells of CLL
      patients were essentially similar within the group with characteristically
      strongly radiolabeled glycoproteins gp44--HLA heavy chain and glycoproteins gp29,
      gp35--Ia-like or HLA-DR antigen.

PMID- 6817149
TI  - 111In-oxine platelet imaging in hemodialysis patients: detection of platelet
      deposition at vascular access sites.
AB  - The value of 111In-oxine platelet imaging to assess abnormal platelet deposition
      at different vascular access sites was studied in 19 hemodialysis patients.
      Platelets were labelled immediately following dialysis and imaging was performed
      2 and 48 h later; abnormal platelet deposition was defined as a localized
      increase in activity over time when compared to the opposite, control extremity.
      10 patients had bovine grafts, 4 had arteriovenous fistulae, and 5 had Gore-Tex
      grafts. 111In-oxine platelet imaging demonstrated abnormal platelet deposition in
      13 out of 19 patients. Positive images were obtained in some patients with each
      type of vascular access. Preliminary evaluation showed no clear relationship
      between image positivity and the history of prior graft occlusion. The imaging
      method provided in vivo evidence of the efficacy of treatment with the
      antiplatelet agent sulfinpyrazone in half of the treated patients. Following 1
      week of sulfinpyrazone, 200 mg t.i.d., in 6 patients, 3 showed a definite
      decrease in platelet deposition, 2 showed a probable decrease, and 1 showed no
      change following therapy. We conclude that platelet imaging may provide organ
      specific, in vivo evidence for abnormal platelet deposition in several types of
      vascular access sites, and may be useful in assessing the thrombogenicity of
      prosthetic materials and the efficacy of antithrombotic drugs.

PMID- 6817150
TI  - Hemodialysis-associated neutropenia and hypoxemia: the effect of dialyzer
      membrane materials.
AB  - The fall in white blood cells (WBC) and arterial oxygen pressure that occurs
      during hemodialysis was investigated as a function of different dialysis
      membranes and different sterilization methods. 8 chronic hemodialysis patients
      were studied and each was dialyzed with three different membranes: cellulosic
      hollow fiber, polyacrylonitrile flat sheet and polymethylmethacrylate hollow
      fiber. Each dialyzer was studied with a dry sterilization method and after
      formalin treatment. Arterialized blood gas, bicarbonate and WBC were drawn at
      various intervals throughout dialysis. The effect of the sterilization method was
      minimal. Cellulosic membranes were shown to cause significantly more neutropenia
      (p less than 0.001) and hypoxemia (p less than 0.01) than the other two
      membranes. No significant differences was seen in pH, PCO2 and bicarbonate. The
      results indicate differences in biocompatibility between different membranes.
      Clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 6817151
TI  - Effect of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin on the prolonged bleeding time in
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - The prolonged bleeding times of 12 patients with chronic renal failure were
      significantly shortened at 1 and 2 h after an infusion of 0.4 microgram/kg 1
      deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). In 5 of these patients, the bleeding
      times 24 h after infusion had returned to approximate baseline values, suggesting
      that the effect of DDAVP is a temporary one. The levels of factor VIII coagulant
      activity, factor VIII related antigen activity, and factor VIII ristocetin
      cofactor activity were all normal or elevated prior to infusion, and a tendency
      to further elevation, although significant only for the factor VIII ristocetin
      cofactor activity, was observed after infusion of DDAVP. The latter observation
      suggests that the effect of DDAVP infusion on the bleeding time is unrelated to
      alteration of factor VIII activities.

PMID- 6817152
TI  - Pulmonary ventilation during hemodialysis.
AB  - During hemodialysis a decrease in pulmonary ventilation has been reported. The
      elimination of CO2 across the dialyzer has been suggested as the cause of the
      pulmonary hypoventilation. Our purpose was to analyze the factors that could have
      influenced the pulmonary ventilation of 7 patients with chronic renal failure
      during hemodialysis, performed against an acetate dialysate with constant
      addition of CO2, bubbling into the dialysis bath. In spite of the large volume of
      CO2 mainly as bicarbonate, eliminated across the dialyzer there was no
      significant decrease of ventilation. The values of pH in the venous line were
      extremely low and the values of PvCO2 were artificially maintained around 35.0 mm
      Hg. Thus, the total CO2 delivered to the lungs, but mainly the levels of pH and
      PCO2 in the venous line play an important role in the control of pulmonary
      ventilation of these patients.

PMID- 6817153
TI  - Pathology of interstitial nephritis induced in guinea pigs by exoantigens.
AB  - Histological and immunofluorescent assessment of the kidney, renal core cultures,
      and determination of circulating antibodies were carried out in Hartley guinea
      pigs with a selective delayed-type hypersensitivity state (DTH) and acute
      interstitial nephritis induced and elicited by exoantigens. The results show that
      the normal tubule-vascular structure of the kidney, the simplicity of the
      molecular structure of the exoantigens and the modification of the native form of
      the exoantigens, when it is presented to the kidney in the elicitation phase of
      the DTH reaction, are factors which may reduce the cellular response in the
      normal renal parenchyma. The cytological events over a 48-hour period are not
      different to those which have been described in DTH reactions in extrarenal
      tissues. Exoantigens can induce renal lesions evoking an acute interstitial
      nephritis picture in animals with selective DTH at a time when there are neither
      circulating antibodies nor deposition of immunoglobulins or infection in the
      renal parenchyma.

PMID- 6817154
TI  - DNA content and enzymic activities in the auditory regions of seizure-susceptible
      and non-susceptible strains of mice.
AB  - The developmental profiles of four glycosidase enzymes (beta-D-glucosidase, beta
      D-glucuronidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-D-galactosidase) in the
      cochleas, cochlear nuclei and inferior colliculi of four strains of mice were
      investigated. The strains used were an audiogenically seizure-susceptible strain
      (DBA/2) and three non-susceptible strains (BALB/c, C3H/He and Swiss/A2G). The
      enzymic activities fell to varying degrees from 7 to 28 days of age. Two
      significant observations were made--beta-D-glucuronidase was low in the regions
      of the C3H/He strain, and beta-D-galactosidase was particularly low in the
      regions of the DBA/2 strain. The very low activity of beta-D-galactosidase in the
      DBA/2 mice is discussed in relation to the ganglioside patterns known to be
      present in these seizure-susceptible mice. Studies on the DNA contents of these
      auditory regions in the four strains showed no correlation with seizure
      sensitivity.

PMID- 6817155
TI  - Acute effects of sodium valproate and gamma-vinyl GABA on regional amino acid
      metabolism in the rat brain: incorporation of 2-[14C]glucose into amino acids.
AB  - Amino acid concentrations have been determined in rat brain regions (cortex,
      striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus) by HPLC after administration of acute
      anticonvulsant doses of sodium valproate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and gamma-vinyl-GABA
      (1 g/kg, i.p.). After valproate administration the GABA level increases only in
      the cortex; aspartic acid concentration decreases in the cortex and hippocampus,
      and glutamic acid decreases in the hippocampus and striatum and increases in the
      cortex and cerebellum. There are no changes in the concentrations of glutamine,
      taurine, glycine, serine, and alanine following valproate administration. Only
      the GABA level increases in all the regions after gamma-vinyl-GABA
      administration. Cortical analyses 2, 4 and 10 minutes after pulse labeling with 2
      [14C]glucose, i.v., show no change in the rate of cortical glucose utilization in
      the valproate treated group. The rate of labeling of glutamic acid is also
      unchanged, but the rate of labeling of GABA is reduced following valproate
      administration. After gamma-vinyl-GABA administration there is no change in the
      rate of labeling of GABA. These biochemical findings can be interpreted in terms
      of a primary anticonvulsant action of valproate on membrane receptors with
      secondary effects on the metabolism of amino acid neurotransmitters. This
      contrasts with the primary action of gamma-vinyl-GABA on GABA-transaminase
      activity.

PMID- 6817157
TI  - Spectral and integral temporal analysis of evoked brain potentials in epileptics.

PMID- 6817156
TI  - Basal ganglia degeneration, myelin alterations, and enzyme inhibition induced in
      mice by the plant toxin 3-nitropropanoic acid.
AB  - The plant toxin, 3-nitropropanoic acid, produced topographically and
      morphologically distinctive lesions in mice after daily intraperitoneal
      injections. In the lateral caudate-putamen there were bilateral and symmetrical
      lesions consisting of marked swelling and pyknosis of individual cells and
      processes in otherwise unaffected tissue. The appearance of transitional forms
      and the usual post-synaptic location of the swollen processes indicated that
      affected cells were neurons. A few mice exhibited a more diffuse spongy change in
      the lateral caudate-putamen that caused major architectural changes. In the
      globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, and anterior substantia nigra pars
      reticulata there was fine spongy change of the neuropil that spared cell bodies,
      and was primarily due to swelling of dendrites. A third lesion pattern in
      myelinated tracts of the midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord consisted of
      adaxonal, intramyelinic cleft formation. Succinate dehydrogenase activities
      assayed in frozen brain sections and in isolated mitochondria were markedly
      reduced in intoxicated mice.

PMID- 6817158
TI  - Telemetric electroencephalographic and stereoelectroencephalographic
      investigations in the topical diagnosis of the epileptic focus.

PMID- 6817159
TI  - Clinical-electroencephalographic analysis of epilepsy of waking ad epilepsy of
      sleep.

PMID- 6817160
TI  - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament after cervical irradiation.
AB  - A case of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) at the
      cervical level one year after cervical irradiation is reported. This condition is
      rare in Caucasian people. The cause is unknown. The particular circumstances of
      ossification occurrence in the case reported allow us to propose a new
      etiological hypothesis.

PMID- 6817161
TI  - The distribution of the projection from the hippocampal formation to the nucleus
      accumbens in the rat: an anterograde- and retrograde-horseradish peroxidase
      study.
AB  - We have investigated the distribution and organization of the projection from the
      hippocampal formation to the nucleus accumbens in the rat. In the first
      experiments, horseradish peroxidase was injected into the fimbria fornicis. This
      procedure resulted in massive anterograde labelling of fornix fibers, and enabled
      the hippocampo--accumbens projection to be charted in detail. Labelled fornix
      fibers are distributed to the entire length of the nucleus accumbens and do not
      spread lateral to the anterior limb of the anterior commissure, that is, the
      projection is limited to the medial nucleus accumbens. Terminal labelling is
      particularly dense in a caudal dorsomedial sector of accumbens immediately
      adjacent to the septum. In the second part of the study, horseradish peroxidase
      was microelectrophoretically injected into the nucleus accumbens, in order to
      confirm the findings from the anterograde experiments. When the deposit was
      localized within the fornix distribution field, as indicated by the first
      experiment, retrogradely-labelled cells were observed in the subiculum,
      prosubiculum, and to a lesser extent, in hippocampal field CAI. When the deposit
      was located outside of the fornix distribution field, no hippocampal labelling
      was noted. The topography of the projection, suggested by the retrograde
      labelling experiments, is discussed. The findings confirm earlier reports of such
      a projection from the hippocampal formation to the nucleus accumbens, and with
      the use of a relatively novel anterograde-horseradish peroxidase technique,
      provide a picture of fiber labelling representing the entire field of origin of
      the fornix system. The striatal projection field of this pathway is discussed in
      relation to other striatal afferents, with particular emphasis on limbic
      afferentation of the striatum. Finally, the so-called 'hippocampal district' of
      striatum is discussed with respect to its neurotransmitter composition, as well
      as its functional importance regarding limbic system influence on central motor
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6817162
TI  - The road to cost-effectiveness analysis.

PMID- 6817163
TI  - Blood shipping containers: whole blood versus packed red blood cells.

PMID- 6817164
TI  - Characteristics of suicide attempters in a Marine recruit population.

PMID- 6817165
TI  - Wound ballistics: a review.

PMID- 6817166
TI  - Low dose vitamin K for excessively anticoagulated prosthetic valve patients.

PMID- 6817167
TI  - Perceptions of nursing staff regarding utilization of nurse practitioners in
      inpatient setting.

PMID- 6817168
TI  - Suicide in United States Army Personnel, 1979-1980.

PMID- 6817169
TI  - Cost containment and the evolution of emergency cardiac care certification.

PMID- 6817170
TI  - The management of peritonsillar abscesses in military medicine.

PMID- 6817171
TI  - Quality assurance: the growth of a concept and evolvement of change.

PMID- 6817172
TI  - Role of contrast upper gastrointestinal examination in gallbladder disease.

PMID- 6817173
TI  - Civilian-military cooperation on an international level: a peacetime MASCAL plan.

PMID- 6817174
TI  - Ocular manifestations of thyroid dysfunction: case report.

PMID- 6817175
TI  - Case for diagnosis: atherosclerotic aneurysm of distal thoracic aorta with mural
      thrombus and localized dissection.

PMID- 6817177
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Navy Medical Department.

PMID- 6817176
TI  - A chemical field resuscitation device.

PMID- 6817178
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Army Medical Department.

PMID- 6817179
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Veterans Administration.

PMID- 6817180
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Air Force Medical Service.

PMID- 6817181
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. US Public Health Service.

PMID- 6817182
TI  - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Department of defense.

PMID- 6817183
TI  - Serum acid phosphatase in the assessment of response to systemic therapy in
      metastatic prostate cancer: comparison of radioimmune and enzymatic assays.

PMID- 6817184
TI  - Recruiting care needs in an incremental type dental care program.

PMID- 6817185
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a twenty-year experience.

PMID- 6817186
TI  - Designing of NBC protective gear to allow for adequate first aid.

PMID- 6817187
TI  - Marketing of a military ambulatory surgical center.

PMID- 6817188
TI  - Early postoperative showering.

PMID- 6817189
TI  - Hostages and other prisoners of war.

PMID- 6817190
TI  - Case for diagnosis.

PMID- 6817191
TI  - Wartime treatment of shock.

PMID- 6817192
TI  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder.

PMID- 6817193
TI  - The surgical residency, the surgical clinic at the Walter Reed Army Medical
      Center.

PMID- 6817194
TI  - Chemotherapy of traumatic war stress.

PMID- 6817195
TI  - Polymethylmethacrylate reinforcement: effect on fatigue failure.

PMID- 6817196
TI  - The valiant physicians.

PMID- 6817197
TI  - The path toward professional autonomy.

PMID- 6817198
TI  - A comparison of nurse practitioner and physician costs in a military out-patient
      facility.

PMID- 6817199
TI  - The hospital discharge summary: a new format.

PMID- 6817200
TI  - Risk of prosthetic thrombosis with a porcine heterograft valve in the aortic
      position: case reports.

PMID- 6817201
TI  - Panographic survey of US Army recruits: analysis of dental health status.

PMID- 6817202
TI  - Home use of tape recorded relaxation exercises as initial treatment for stress
      related disorders.

PMID- 6817203
TI  - Aplastic anemia, a rare complication of disseminated BCG infection: case report.

PMID- 6817204
TI  - Possible adverse effects of phenylpropanolamine (diet pills) on sympathetic
      nervous system function--caveat emptor!

PMID- 6817205
TI  - Arthroscopic surgery of the knee: an early end-result study.

PMID- 6817206
TI  - Notes on posttraumatic epilepsy in missile wounds of the brain.

PMID- 6817207
TI  - Transfer of learning: classroom to clinical setting.

PMID- 6817208
TI  - Ultrasonography versus oral cholecystography in the diagnosis of acute
      cholecystitis.

PMID- 6817209
TI  - Grand rounds from Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center: evaluation of surgical risk.

PMID- 6817210
TI  - Outpatient biopsy of bladder and urethra performed under topical anesthesia.

PMID- 6817211
TI  - Warning leaks and sentinel headaches associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 6817212
TI  - Combat boot palsy: case reports.

PMID- 6817213
TI  - Case for diagnosis: ectopic adrenal tissue in testicular adnexa.

PMID- 6817214
TI  - Patient satisfaction with a totally government financed and administered health
      care system: a sampling of current military medicine.

PMID- 6817215
TI  - Post-transfusion hepatitis: a retrospective study.

PMID- 6817216
TI  - Blastomycosis presenting as a chronic facial sinus: case report.

PMID- 6817217
TI  - Alternative methods for providing military hearing conservation.

PMID- 6817218
TI  - Leonard D. Heaton--military surgeon.

PMID- 6817220
TI  - Antidepressant therapies and the cardiac patient: a review.

PMID- 6817219
TI  - The impact of diseases on military operations in the Persian Gulf.

PMID- 6817221
TI  - Army dialysis: past, present, and future.

PMID- 6817222
TI  - Involvement of a navy family practice residency program in school health
      education in the civilian community.

PMID- 6817223
TI  - Acute infectious arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus: case report.

PMID- 6817224
TI  - Insulin infusion pump therapy: a review.

PMID- 6817225
TI  - Bacillus cereus septicemia in a drug addict: case report.

PMID- 6817226
TI  - Depression in psychiatric admissions to a military medical center.

PMID- 6817227
TI  - Spousal violence in military homes: an initial survey.

PMID- 6817229
TI  - Botulism food poisoning: a solitary case report.

PMID- 6817228
TI  - Neutropenia and pseudomonas septicemia after sulindac therapy: case report.

PMID- 6817230
TI  - Post-traumatic stress disorder masquerading as paranoid schizophrenia: case
      report.

PMID- 6817231
TI  - Arterial entrapment syndrome: case report.

PMID- 6817232
TI  - [Elements for a rational choice of surgical treatment of severe obesity].

PMID- 6817234
TI  - [Bilio-digestive anastomoses. Indications and technical strategies].

PMID- 6817233
TI  - [Presumption and possibilities of use of the CO2 laser in hepatic surgery].

PMID- 6817235
TI  - [The factor VIII complex in atherosclerosis].
AB  - In order to investigate the factor VIII complex trend in atherosclerosis, 96
      patients suffering from atherosclerosis, divided in 6 groups (angina pectoris,
      previous myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, previous cerebral
      thrombosis, diabetes without symptoms of vascular injury and diabetes with
      vascular complications), were studied and compared to a control group of normal
      subjects. Plasma levels of Factor VII Coagulant (VIII C), Factor VIII-Related von
      Willebrand Factor (VIII-RWF) and Factor VIII-related Antigen (VIII ARg) were
      measured in all subjects. A significant rise of VIII RAg was noticed in all
      groups of patients as compared to the control group: this increase appears to be
      related to the severity of vascular injury. A significant rise of VIII RWF,
      parallel to the VIII RAg increase, was also noticed in all groups. Besides, all
      groups of patients showed a significant and uniform increase of VIII C. The
      average ratio of VIII RAg/VIII C was raised in all groups, except diabetics
      without complications; but the increase was statistically significant only in
      those patients with a heavier vascular injury which is related to the marked rise
      of VIII RAg in such clinical situations. The findings of this study are discussed
      in relation to the literature data. The significance of the determination of VIII
      RAg/VIII C ratio and of the VIII RAg assay as methods for monitoring the severity
      of the vascular injury in atherosclerosis are also discussed.

PMID- 6817236
TI  - [The TRH test in simple goiter].
AB  - The TSH response to TRH and the increase in serum T3 after TRH infusion were
      measured in 25 euthyroid patients with non toxic goiter. On the ground of
      anatomic characters we divided the goitrous patients into 3 groups: subjects with
      diffuse goiter, with multinodular and with uninodular goiter; delta TSH and delta
      T3 did not differ significantly in the three groups. On the contrary, either
      absent hormonal increase (preclinic hyperthyroidism), or exceeding response
      (preclinic hypothyroidism), or normal response (real euthyroidism) were found in
      the different patients of a same group. Therapeutic implications of such a
      finding were taken into consideration.

PMID- 6817237
TI  - Initiating a TPN program.

PMID- 6817238
TI  - Reimbursement for I.V. therapy teams.

PMID- 6817239
TI  - Immunocytology of carbonic anhydrase II in the central nervous system of jimpy
      mutant mice.
AB  - In agreement with previous observations in rats, carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)
      demonstrated immunocytochemically with a specific immune serum, is exclusively
      localized in oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system of both normal and
      dysmyelinating Jimpy mutant mice. In spite of the lack of myelin, the CAII
      containing cells in Jimpy mice are abundant. These data suggest that
      oligodendrocytes are formed in Jimpy mice but they are not able to reach an
      advanced stage of maturation as defined by their capacity for producing myelin.

PMID- 6817240
TI  - Opposite effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-n,n
      dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on acoustic startle: spinal vs brain sites of
      action.
AB  - The present studies examined the role of the spinal cord and the brain in
      mediating the effects of the hallucinogens N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5
      methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on the acoustic startle response in the
      rat. Systemic administration of these agents, which distributes to both the brain
      and spinal cord, produced opposite effects, as DMT depressed and 5-MeODMT
      increased acoustic startle. However, when administered directly into the lateral
      ventricle in the forebrain (intraventricular administration) 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (5-HT), DMT and 5-MeODMT all depressed acoustic startle, DMT and 5-MeODMT being
      about equipotent in this regard. In contrast, when administered directly into the
      spinal cord subarachnoid space (intrathecal administration), 5-HT and 5-MeODMT
      increased startle, whereas DMT was without effect. In another series of studies,
      the effects of systemically-administered DMT and 5-MeODMT on the "startle"
      elicited by electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
      (RPC) were determined. Since the RPC is the last nucleus of the primary startle
      circuit before the spinal cord, agents which act downstream from the RPC (i.e.,
      in the lower brainstem and spinal cord) would be expected to alter RPC-elicited
      "startle," while agents which act upstream from the RPC would be without effect.
      Given systemically, 5-MeODMT markedly increased RPC-elicited "startle" while DMT
      was without effect. These data indicate that DMT and 5-MeODMT are equipotent in
      depressing startle through actions in the brain. In contrast, the difference in
      the effects of DMT and 5-MeODMT on acoustic startle is related to the spinal
      excitatory effects of 5-MeODMT which DMT does not possess. From the present
      results it is suggested that the relative potencies of DMT and 5-MeODMT in other
      behavioral measures may relate to the role of brain (equipotent) or spinal (5
      MeODMT more potent than DMT) sites of action for the various behaviors.

PMID- 6817241
TI  - Neurotransmitter basis of the behavioral effects of hallucinogens.
AB  - Indole and phenethylamine-type hallucinogenic drugs were studied in an FR-40
      operant behavioral procedure programmed to quantify "pausing,"-a behavioral
      disruption somewhat specific to hallucinatory drug effects. LSD, DOM, DMT and
      mescaline showed a potency ratio to produce pausing that is well correlated with
      the hallucinatory potencies of these agents in man. Furthermore, combinations of
      the hallucinogens interact with potentiation to cause FR-40 pausing, whereas a
      variety of non-hallucinogenic psychoactive drugs failed to shift the dose
      response patterns of pausing for DOM or LSD. Depletion of brain catecholamines by
      pretreatment with intraventricular 6-OHDA reduced baseline FR-40 rates and
      attenuated the disruptive effects of d-amphetamine, but failed to modify the dose
      response patterns of indole and phenethylamine hallucinogens. On the other hand,
      pretreatment with intraventricular 5,7-DHT to deplete brain 5-HT potentiated the
      pause-producing effects of the hallucinogens, although the disruptive effects of
      phenobarbital were not altered by this pretreatment. Injection of 5,7-DHT into
      the medial forebrain bundle at the hypothalamic level slightly potentiated LSD,
      attenuated DOM, and did not affect the pausing produced by mescaline. Metergoline
      pretreatment shifted the LSD and DMT dose-response curves for pausing to the
      right by a factor of 2--3, but shifted the DOM and mescaline dose-response
      patterns to a much greater extent. Metergoline alone slightly increased FR-40
      response rates and decreased pausing from baseline levels. The patterns of
      imparied FR-40 performance induced by d-amphetamine and phenobarbital were
      unaltered by pretreatment with metergoline. The indole and phenethylamine classes
      of hallucinogens appear to disrupt this behavior by an agonistic effect at
      central 5-HT receptors. However, the two classes of drugs may interact with brain
      5-HT systems by somewhat different mechanisms.

PMID- 6817242
TI  - Immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis.

PMID- 6817243
TI  - Rejuvenation: Brown-Sequard to Brinkley: monkey glands to goat glands.

PMID- 6817244
TI  - [History of dentists].

PMID- 6817245
TI  - [Hypoplasia of the enamel and its clinical meaning].

PMID- 6817246
TI  - [The radiographic control in the mouth of children].

PMID- 6817249
TI  - The reproducibility of results in bovine brucellosis serology and their
      correlation with the isolation of Brucella abortus.
AB  - In both the complement fixation test (CFT) and the serum agglutination test (SAT)
      titres were reproducible for the most part within a twofold range. They seldom
      exceeded these limits and never a fourfold range. Brucella abortus was
      successfully isolated in 86% of serologically positive cases and evidence is
      presented to confirm the use of the 30 International Units/ml level in the CFT as
      being diagnostically significant. The SAT, when done in microtitration plates, is
      even more reproducible than when done in tubes. The incidence of infected animals
      aborting or calving down with negative titres was found to be low.

PMID- 6817248
TI  - [An evaluation of proper materials properties of cervical restorations, corrosion
      and strength].

PMID- 6817247
TI  - [Lymphangioma of the oral cavity. Bibliography review and clinicopathological
      study of eight cases].

PMID- 6817250
TI  - Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma spp. infecting sable antelope, Hippotragus niger
      (Harris, 1838), in southern Africa.
AB  - Some observations are recorded on blood parasites of sable antelopes. Blood
      smears of 124 of these antelopes from South Africa and Zimbabwe were examined and
      7 were found to be positive for a Babesia sp., identified as Babesia irvinesmithi
      Martinaglia 1936. A total of 70 of the smears were positive for theilerial
      piroplasms, while 1 smear had macroschizonts (with cytomeres) and microschizonts
      of a Theileria (= Cytauxzoon) sp. One blood smear was positive for an Anaplasma
      sp. Attempts to isolate the Babesia sp. by subinoculating blood from sable to
      splenectomized and intact sable and splenectomized cattle were unsuccessful.
      Attempts to infect sable with Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina were likewise
      unsuccessful. Theilerial piroplasms reached high levels in a splenectomized sable
      but could not be transmitted with blood to cattle. The Anaplasma sp. was found to
      be infective for sheep but not for cattle.

PMID- 6817251
TI  - Two-phase carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch.
AB  - A two-phase mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch has been
      demonstrated. Painting of buccal pouches three times weekly with a 0.1 percent
      solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil for 10 weeks
      resulted in no visible tumors nor any microscopic evidence of dysplasia after the
      animals had been maintained for a 20 week period (Group 1 animals). Painting with
      0.1 percent DMBA for 10 weeks, no treatment for a following 6 week period, and
      painting with 0.5 percent DMBA for a subsequent 4 weeks resulted in epidermoid
      carcinomas (Group 2 animals). Painting with 0.5 percent DMBA for 4 weeks in
      animals without prior treatment resulted in no tumors (Group 3 animals). It is
      postulated that the early treatment in Group 2 may serve for initiation and the
      later treatment for promotion.

PMID- 6817254
TI  - A physician's perspective on proper design of quality assessment criteria.

PMID- 6817253
TI  - A nursing quality assurance investigation of orthopedic patient care.

PMID- 6817252
TI  - Drug utilization review in the Veterans Administration.

PMID- 6817255
TI  - Thanatology review in a psychiatric facility.

PMID- 6817256
TI  - A study of emergency unit waiting time.
AB  - Administrators at Mercy Hospital in Springfield, Massachusetts, studied the
      effects of daily patient number and arrival rate on waiting time in the Emergency
      Unit. These two factors were found to have a smaller impact on waiting times than
      might be expected. Several issues relating to staffing and to patients' illnesses
      were addressed to reduce visit lengths (ie, inadequate number of admitting
      registrars, inefficient use of staff, insufficient locations for the rapid
      treatment of patients requiring suturing, and large numbers of ancillary services
      requested on a stat basis). Subsequent studies showed that changes instituted as
      a result of the initial study had reduced overall emergency waiting time by 12%,
      even though average daily census had increased by 17%.

PMID- 6817257
TI  - Setting resource utilization standards in a Community Mental Health Center.
AB  - Recognizing the impediments to standard setting in community mental health
      centers, the utilization review (UR) committee at West-Ros-Park Mental Health
      Center in Boston based its UR standards on clients' ability or inability to meet
      social and personal expectations in four areas: productivity, independent
      living/self-care, immediate social relationships, and extended social networks.
      Classifying treatment modalities into four service categories and analyzing
      clients' disabilities enabled the UR committee to establish practical standards
      for appropriate amounts and duration of services based on clients' role
      performance scores. Implications of this standard-setting approach are discussed,
      and an example of the standard-setting process undertaken in one of the
      facility's treatment programs is described.

PMID- 6817258
TI  - Utilization review in the internal medicine department of an HMO clinic.

PMID- 6817259
TI  - Thoughts on the conduct of behavioral research in the medical setting.

PMID- 6817260
TI  - [Artificial feeding in the '80's].

PMID- 6817261
TI  - The cephalosporins.

PMID- 6817262
TI  - Phenol toxicity during face peels.

PMID- 6817263
TI  - Effective photography in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: introduction.

PMID- 6817264
TI  - Effective photography in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: laryngeal
      photography in the office.

PMID- 6817265
TI  - Effective photography in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: office head and
      neck photography.

PMID- 6817266
TI  - Effective photography in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: endoscopic
      photography of the middle ear.
AB  - A side- or oblique-viewing needle otoscope was used for the endoscopic
      examination of the middle ear. The needle otoscope consists of a Selfoc glass rod
      lens for observation and a bundle of glass fibers for illumination. Prisms
      attached at the tip of the lens and the glass fiber bundle facilitate the
      examination of 90 degrees lateral and 60 degrees oblique regions. Through an
      existing perforation of the tympanic membrane, the tip of the instrument is
      introduced into the middle ear cavity without anesthesia, using a self
      illuminating otoscope. The needle otoscope can also be introduced into the middle
      ear cavity after myringotomy or during ear surgery. The instrument is extremely
      helpful in locating lesions and diagnosing middle ear diseases. The image can be
      photographed by connecting the needle otoscope to a special camera, which is
      equipped with an automatic exposure and a self-winding system. A high-power light
      source is essential for taking photographs. Photographs taken on 16-mm film are
      presented.

PMID- 6817267
TI  - Effective photography in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: tympanic membrane
      photography.

PMID- 6817268
TI  - Intraoperative laryngeal photographic techniques.
AB  - We present two simple techniques for intraoperative laryngeal photography. New
      developments in high-intensity flash units coupled to recently developed high
      quality optical telescopes or through a new fiberoptic light guide to an
      operating microscope have made this possible. Either method makes high-quality
      documentation of intraoperative laryngeal procedures a convenient routine
      operation. We describe the instruments, the techniques, and the past literature
      leading to these results.

PMID- 6817269
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism: a study of 100 cases.
AB  - A ten-year study of all patients undergoing surgical treatment for
      hyperparathyroidism at Loma Linda University is presented. Clinical
      characteristics, laboratory analysis, differential diagnosis, associated
      diseases, operative techniques, and postoperative management of potential
      complications are evaluated. Some patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
      underwent autotransplantation with good results; this technique is discussed. An
      approach is detailed that is successful in maintaining euparathyroidism.

PMID- 6817270
TI  - The Frey syndrome: a simple, effective treatment.
AB  - The benign but socially embarrassing problem of gustatory sweating and flushing
      (Frey syndrome) has been studied in the past in search of a simple but effective
      treatment. Twenty-two patients participated in clinical trials of glycopyrrolate
      on an investigational basis, 17 of which have been followed up for four to five
      years. Double-blind comparisons of the efficacy and side effects of topical
      scopolamine (solution and cream) and glycopyrrolate (roll-on lotion, solution,
      and cream) are also presented. The use of 1% glycopyrrolate roll-on lotion and
      cream were associated with an average of three days of complete control of
      gustatory sweating and a remarkably low incidence of side effects.

PMID- 6817271
TI  - Giant lymphoid hyperplasia presenting as a highly vascularized parapharyngeal
      mass.
AB  - Giant lymph node hyperplasia is a rare, benign tumor infrequently occurring in
      the head and neck. A 31-year-old woman with this disorder, present as a large
      submucosal parapharyngeal mass, is presented and the literature reviewed.
      Radiographic evidence of the extreme vascularity of this lesion was remarkable,
      emphasizing the value of arteriographic evaluation of masses located in this
      region. Preoperative embolization facilitated its complete resection, and follow
      up examination has shown no evidence of recurrence, which is commonly the course
      of the disease elsewhere in the body. Consideration of this rare entity is
      warranted in the workup of parapharyngeal masses.

PMID- 6817272
TI  - Squamous carcinoma of the larynx in patients under the age of 35 years.
AB  - Laryngeal carcinoma usually occurs in men between the ages of 50 and 70. In
      general, epithelial malignancies other than those involving the skin are rare in
      the young adult. Those squamous carcinomas arising in the lip, tongue, and tonsil
      appear to have a poorer prognosis than in the older adult. This study is a review
      of the medical records of 33 patients under the age of 35 years with squamous
      cell carcinoma of the larynx. The follow-up of the entire series was at least 24
      months with an overall survival rate of 81%. These results contrast to five-year
      survival rates of 79%, 45%, and 14% of the lip, tongue, and tonsil, respectively,
      in patients from a similar age group.

PMID- 6817273
TI  - Cricopharyngeal myotomy: management of cervical dysphagia.
AB  - Cricopharyngeal myotomy has gained widespread acceptance as surgical treatment
      for various forms of cervical dysphagia. The case records of 33 patients who
      underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy for dysphagia originating from varying
      underlying diseases are reviewed. The majority of these patients were able to
      resume oral feeding following myotomy. Analysis of preoperative
      pharyngoesophageal manometry and contrast radiography identified diagnostic
      criteria for appropriate case selection.

PMID- 6817274
TI  - Regeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
AB  - Ten dogs underwent exploration and section of the right recurrent laryngeal
      nerve. A segment was removed and both stumps were ligated. Reoperation at three
      months and again at 15 months revealed neural regeneration through the ligated
      site and reconstitution of the distal nerve in seven of the eight dogs surviving
      the 15-month period. This strong regenerative capability of the recurrent
      laryngeal nerve may explain recurrences of spastic dysphonia after nerve section.
      It is recommended that patients be advised of the possibility for return of the
      spasms. Investigators should always note whether the recurrent laryngeal nerve
      has regained stimulability in reporting results of experimental laryngeal
      paralysis and reinnervation.

PMID- 6817275
TI  - Prosthetic closure of nasal septal perforations.
AB  - One hundred seventy-one patients had closure of symptomatic nasal septal
      perforations by insertion of a Silastic nasal septal prosthesis between June 1972
      and August 1981. Follow-up revealed that successful closure of the defect was
      accomplished in 73% of cases, with reduction in crusting and epistaxis and
      improvement in nasal respiration in many cases. Prefabricated prostheses have
      been effective in treating smaller perforations. The treatment of four patients
      with unusually large septal perforations by custom-carved prostheses sized using
      computerized axial tomographic scanning is described.

PMID- 6817276
TI  - Decompression of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy: a historical review.
AB  - This year, 1981, is the 50th anniversary of facial nerve decompression for Bell's
      palsy. The procedure was first suggested in 1923 but not performed until 1931.
      From the start, facial nerve decompression has generated disagreement regarding
      the indication and timing for surgical treatment and the anatomic extent of
      decompression. In each decade as the postonset time within which to perform
      surgical intervention has decreased, the anatomic extent of decompression has
      increased. Otologists continue to disagree, and we need to reevaluate our past
      and analyze how the difference may be resolved in the future. This critical
      review, in chronologic order, of the history and present status of facial nerve
      decompression is the necessary first step in resolving some of the persistent
      problems in surgical management of patients with Bell's palsy.

PMID- 6817277
TI  - Comparison of ossicular replacement materials in a mouse ear model.
AB  - Four biomaterials, UF45S5 Bioglass, Silastic, Plasti-Pore, and Proplast, were
      used to replace the incus in a mouse ear model. Bioglass, a bioactive glass
      ceramic, compared favorably with the other test materials in maintaining surgical
      positioning between malleus and stapes and remaining stable to a blast of
      nitrogen gas and to pick manipulation. In a short-term animal study, Bioglass
      showed histocompatibility comparable to that of these other implant materials now
      used in ossicular replacement surgery in humans.

PMID- 6817278
TI  - Experimental study on Meniere's disease.
AB  - Experimental hydrops caused by underabsorption of endolymphatic fluid is a model
      of remissional stage of Meniere's disease. In this study, another type of model,
      ie, hydrops caused by overproduction of endolymphatic fluid, was accomplished by
      applying various pressures into scala media through a micropipette via stria
      vascularis. This type of hydrops could be a model of attacks of Meniere's
      disease. By using two types of the model, effects of glycerol administration and
      of opening the endolymphatic sac were discussed.

PMID- 6817279
TI  - Meniere's disease at the University of Iowa: 1973 to 1980.
AB  - The goals of treatment in Meniere's disease are hearing preservation and control
      of vertigo. Controversy abounds with regard to the most expeditious and
      efficacious means of attaining these goals. Low-salt diet, diuretic therapy,
      endolymphatic-mastoid shunt, and middle cranial fossa vestibular neurectomy are
      all modes of treatment employed for Meniere's disease at the University of Iowa.
      This review of our experience from 1973 to 1980 summarizes the efficacy of each
      therapeutic option.

PMID- 6817280
TI  - Photographic analysis for rhinoplasty: an immediate simple calibrated technique.

PMID- 6817281
TI  - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma occurring as a mass in the neck.

PMID- 6817282
TI  - Thymic cyst of the neck with prolongation to the thymus gland.

PMID- 6817283
TI  - Cervical spine hemangiomas: report of a case.
AB  - A cervical spine hemangioma in a 32-year-old woman is reported. Because of
      herniation of the mass between the deep muscles of the posterior triangle, the
      clinical differential diagnosis was confusing. The lesion required a two-stage
      procedure in conjunction with neurosurgical evaluation for total removal. The
      amount of bone destruction of the spine and exact location of the lesion are
      graphically displayed in a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck. An
      arteriogram showing partial occlusion of the vertebral artery and a myelogram
      displaying extrinsic spinal cord compression, along with the CT scan, showed the
      full extent of the lesion.

PMID- 6817284
TI  - Nasal polyps causing bone destruction and blindness.
AB  - Although nasal polyposis is a common entity, it is seldom considered a cause of
      bony destruction with consequent ophthalmologic and neurologic sequelae. Acute
      bilateral visual loss developed suddenly in a young, healthy woman with nasal
      polyps. Evaluation revealed erosion of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa,
      with compression of the optic nerves secondary to extensive paranasal and nasal
      polyposis. The clinical course, treatment, and histopathologic findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 6817285
TI  - Bilateral pansinus mucocele with bilateral orbital and intracranial extension.

PMID- 6817287
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the ethmoid sinus: an unusual cause of proptosis in a child.

PMID- 6817286
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus.

PMID- 6817288
TI  - Activation of prophenol oxidase in the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica Cobbold.
AB  - Activation of prophenol oxidase of Fasciola gigantica has been demonstrated using
      biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Based on the difference in the
      electrophoretic pattern of the proenzyme and activated enzyme, a probable
      mechanism of activation of the prophenol oxidase is suggested. A role for Mehlis'
      gland in the activation process is suggested. The significance of the results is
      discussed in the light of related studies in insects.

PMID- 6817289
TI  - Outpatient management of children in diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6817291
TI  - [Nutrition of premature infants in the early neonatal period].

PMID- 6817290
TI  - Intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis. A report in a child with a sixteen
      year follow up.
AB  - A case of intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis in a five-year-old with a 16
      year follow up is presented.

PMID- 6817293
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls in clams and oysters from New Bedford Harbor,
      Massachusetts, March 1978.
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)
      and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from 17 stations of the western and New
      Bedford Harbor areas of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, clearly show that the New
      Bedford Harbor area is severely polluted. Up to 5 ppm PCBs (dry weight) were
      found in shellfish tissue. The most likely sources of the PCBs are chronic
      releases from two electrical component manufacturers in New Bedford. Close
      proximity of the shellfish to the source of input is indicated by a high relative
      abundance of the di-, tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls. The data suggest that the
      New Bedford Harbor area should be considered, along with the Hudson River and
      Chesapeake Bay, one of the major sources of PCB inputs to the northeastern United
      States coastal area.

PMID- 6817292
TI  - [Percutaneous subclavian vein catheterization in neonatal intensive care].

PMID- 6817294
TI  - Nationwide residues of organochlorine compounds in wings of adult mallards and
      black ducks, 1979-80.
AB  - Organochlorine residues in wings of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and black
      ducks (Anas rubripes) were monitored nationwide from birds harvested during the
      1979-80 hunting season. DDE residues were found in all samples. DDT residues had
      declined from levels reported in 1976 on a flyway basis but the decline was
      significant (P less than 0.05) only in the Pacific Flyway. Levels of DDT, DDE,
      TDE, and dieldrin were low on a flyway basis, and all but DDE declined
      significantly (P less than 0.05) in the percent occurrence. Polychlorinated
      biphenyls (PCB) levels were lower in mallard wings from all flyways compared with
      1976 data, but percent occurrence had significantly (P less than 0.05) increased.
      Pools from Alabama and New Mexico continued to show higher DDE residues than
      pools from other areas.

PMID- 6817296
TI  - Cellular and membrane events involved in the K-induced increase in water
      permeability of toad skin.
AB  - Exposure of the inner surface of toad skin (Bufo marinus) to high [K+] resulted
      in a marked (up to 7-fold) increase in water permeability (Pf) that was more
      marked in KC1-Ringer than in K2SO4-Ringer. Although high [K+] did not elicit a
      maximal increase in Pf, it blunted the hydrosmotic responses to vasopressin,
      isoproterenol and cAMP. Both "post-cAMP" inhibitors of stimulated water flow,
      such as diamide and vanadate, and "pre-cAMP" inhibitors, such as methohexital and
      propranolol, markedly reduced the K response, while exposure to Ca2+-free, KC1
      Ringer did not inhibit water flow. Intramembrane particle aggregates, similar to
      those induced by cAMP-mediated hydrosmotic agents, were seen in the apical
      membrane of granular cells, just beneath the stratum corneum, in skins exposed to
      KC1. Available evidence indicates that cAMP might mediate, at least partially,
      the hydrosmotic effect of high [K+]. In contrast, a role of voltage-dependent
      Ca2+ channels, described in other cell systems depolarized with K, was not
      apparent in toad skin.

PMID- 6817295
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate reabsorption.
AB  - The present study was designed to define the prerequisites of carbonic anhydrase
      independent bicarbonate reabsorption. In free flow experiments during systemic
      application of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor benzolamide (50 mg/kg B. W.)
      bicarbonate recovery in % of filtered load was found to be 74 +/- 8% in late
      proximal convoluted tubules, 39 +/- 6% in distal convoluted tubules and 32 +/- 4%
      in urine, indicating that most of carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate
      reabsorption occurs in tubule segments prior to distal convoluted tubules. In
      vivo continuous microperfusion experiments in proximal convoluted tubules
      demonstrated that luminal benzolamide (0.5 mmol/l) virtually abolishes net
      bicarbonate fluxes, when bicarbonate concentration in the luminal perfusate (25
      mmol/l) is close to peritubular plasma concentration (24.4 mmol/l). In contrast,
      a significant downhill reabsorptive flux occurs, when perfusate bicarbonate
      concentration is 75 mmol/l and a significant downhill secretory flux is observed,
      when the perfusate is initially free of bicarbonate. The corresponding apparent
      permeabilities are 1.0 +/- 0.1 X 10(-6) cm2/s for influx and 1.6 +/- 0.4 X 10(-6)
      cm2/s for efflux of bicarbonate. Clearance studies reveal that carbonic anhydrase
      dependent and independent bicarbonate reabsorption are not saturable but depend
      on the rate of volume reabsorption in the kidney. In conclusion, passive
      movements of bicarbonate do occur in proximal convoluted tubules and most likely
      contribute to carbonic anhydrase independent bicarbonate reabsorption.

PMID- 6817297
TI  - Reproductive functions during the post partum period in the cow. A review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6817298
TI  - The relationship between serum immunoglobulin values and incidence of respiratory
      disease and enteritis in calves.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin levels were tested in 193 neonatal calves by use of the
      glutaraldehyde coagulation test. Hypo- and agammaglobulinaemia was found in 26.4%
      of the calves. A close relationship was found between immunoglobulin levels and
      the incidence of enteritis and mortality, while the number of calves suffering
      from both enteritis and respiratory disease was higher in immunoglobulin
      deficient calves. The application of specific preventive measures to
      immunoglobulin-deficient calves is discussed.

PMID- 6817299
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Scenedesmus obliquus.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNA from
      Scenedesmusobliquus has been determined using post-labelling techniques. The
      sequence is closely related to the 5S RNA sequence of Chlorella and contains all
      the areas of invariant sequence which appear to be conserved in plant cytoplasmic
      5S RNA species.

PMID- 6817300
TI  - The structure of tRNA 5 Lys from Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of Drosophila melanogaster tRNA 5 Lys is
      pGCCCGGAUAm2GCUCAGDCGGDAGAGCA psi psi GGACUsU*UUt6A*A psi CCAAGGm7GDm5CCAGGGTm
      psi CAm1AGUCCCUGUUCGGGCGCCA. The sU* is probably 5-methylcarboxymethyl-2
      thiouridine and t6A* is a mixture of modified derivatives of t6A including t6A
      itself and a component sensitive to treatment with cyanogen bromide. This tRNA 5
      Lys is 95% homologous to the rabbit liver tRNA 5 Lys.

PMID- 6817301
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of blue-green algae phenylalanine-tRNA and the
      evolutionary origin of chloroplasts.
AB  - Phenylalanine tRNA from the blue-green alga, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, has been
      purified to homogeneity. The nucleotide sequence of this tRNA was determined to
      be: (see tests) Comparisons of the sequence and the modified nucleosides of this
      tRNA with those of other tRNAPhes thus far sequenced, indicate that this blue
      green algal tRNAPhe is typically prokaryotic and closely resembles the
      chloroplast tRNAPhes of higher plants and Euglena. The significance of this
      observation to the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts is discussed.

PMID- 6817302
TI  - Transcription of cloned transfer RNA genes from Drosophila melanogaster in a
      homologous cell-free extract.
AB  - Cloned Drosophila melanogaster tRNA genes have been transcribed in a homologous
      cell-free extract isolated from a Schneider II cell line. The major product of
      the reaction is a tRNA precursor which is processed to a tRNA sized species. The
      kinetics of transcription has been followed for 5 different valine tRNA gene
      clones. The results demonstrate formation of stable transcription complex with at
      least two kinetic steps. While the rate of formation of the transcription complex
      is similar to different clones, the ultimate rate of transcription varies
      dramatically. Comparison of the DNA sequence of the tRNA genes suggests that rate
      determining nucleotides lie outside the canonical tRNA split-internal promoters.

PMID- 6817303
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of Streptomyces griseus initiator tRNA.
AB  - The primary structure of initiator tRNA from Streptomyces griseus was determined
      by post-labeling procedures. The nucleotide sequence is pC-G-C-G-G-G-G-U-G-G-A-G
      C-A-G-C-U-C-G-G-D-A-G-C-U-C-G-C-U-G-G-G-C-U-C-A-U-A-A-C-C- C-A-G-A-G-G-U-C-G-C-A
      G-G-U-psi-C-A-m1A-A-U-C-C-U-G-U-C-C-C-C-G-C-U-A-C-C-A0H. The unique feature of
      the sequence of this tRNA is that residue 54 is occupied by unmodified U, while
      ribothymidine is located in that position in most initiator tRNAs from
      eubacteria.

PMID- 6817304
TI  - Nontranscribed spacer sequences promote in vitro transcription of Drosophila
      ribosomal DNA.
AB  - Tandem repeats of ribosomal RNA transcription units in Drosophila melanogaster
      are separated by a nontranscribed spacer that is comprised in part of serial
      repeats of a 0.24 kb sequence. DNA sequence analysis shows that such repeats are
      imperfect copies of a region that includes the site of in vivo rRNA transcription
      initiation (ca. -240 to +30). Subclones of the rDNA spacer that are copies of the
      sequence extending from -34 through the initiation site support detectable in
      vitro transcription in a mixture involving a Drosophila cell-free extract, but
      accurate in vitro transcription is considerably enhanced when a nontranscribed
      spacer template includes a copy of the sequence extending upstream of -34. From a
      comparison of the sequences and transcription template-effectiveness of various
      rDNA subclones, we infer that a major promoter of RNA polymerase I activity lies
      between -150 and -30 in the rDNA nontranscribed spacer. The nontranscribed spacer
      copies of the initiation region are less effective templates for transcription
      than is the region of in vivo initiation, and there are differences between
      spacer repeats and the authentic sequence downstream of -240 that may account for
      this.

PMID- 6817305
TI  - [Changes in the content of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in the
      fishes club (Leuciscus cephalus) and bleak (Alburnus alburnus) in the Po].

PMID- 6817306
TI  - Nutritional needs of cancer patients.
AB  - Individuals with cancer share many similar nutritional problems, regardless of
      the primary site of the malignant neoplasm. The presence of protein-calorie
      malnutrition is the most common secondary diagnosis in cancer and is frequently
      the cause of death. To date, the inability of health care professionals to halt
      or adequately control the severity of protein-calorie malnutrition in the
      individual with cancer indicates that the syndrome is more complex than
      inadequate ingestion of nutrients. The presence and severity of protein-calorie
      malnutrition in individuals with cancer cannot be attributed to one factor. The
      disease, treatment modalities, and complications of therapy all contribute to its
      development.

PMID- 6817307
TI  - Care of the hospitalized adult patient with leukemia.
AB  - Leukemia has often been thought of as a disease of children; however, it actually
      affects more adults than children. The American Cancer Society has estimated an
      incidence of 23,500 new cases of leukemia in the United States in 1982. This
      number includes an estimated 21,000 new cases in adults and 2500 new cases in
      children. While the incidence of leukemia is greater in adults, progress in the
      treatment of leukemia has been greater in children. Leukemia refers to a group of
      diseases characterized by malignant transformation of either hematopoietic cells
      or their precursors and the subsequent neoplastic proliferation of abnormal cells
      that are impaired in maturation and functional capability.

PMID- 6817308
TI  - Care of the patient with malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 6817309
TI  - Nursing care of the patient undergoing bone marrow transplantation for acute
      leukemia.

PMID- 6817310
TI  - [Gas exchange in different stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis].

PMID- 6817311
TI  - [Results of treatment of tuberculosis in Poland during the years 1976-1978].

PMID- 6817312
TI  - [Effect of lidocaine on the ventilatory function and blood gases in chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 6817313
TI  - Antibody and MHC genes.
AB  - The striking homology relationships, both in sequence and in general
      organizational features, among the genes encoding antibodies, transplantation
      antigens and beta 2-microglobulin suggest that these genes are members of a
      supergene family. It will be interesting to determine whether any of the
      regulatory strategies displayed by the antibody gene families will also be
      employed by the MHC gene families. Indeed, the recombinant DNA approach has given
      us profound insights into the organization and expression of antibody genes.
      These same techniques are now beginning to unravel the mysteries of the MHC
      complex. It is clear that the future will require a much closer collaboration
      between molecular biologists, cellular immunologists, and immunogeneticists to
      obtain the appropriate reagents and cell lines necessary to expand our
      understanding of the molecular biology and enzymology of gene expression in these
      fascinating systems.

PMID- 6817314
TI  - Unsuspected meningococcemia treated with orally administered amoxicillin.

PMID- 6817315
TI  - Commentary: prophylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal disease.

PMID- 6817316
TI  - In praise of infections.

PMID- 6817317
TI  - [Ultrasonic evaluation of nitroglycerin effect on the common carotid artery blood
      flow].

PMID- 6817318
TI  - [Effect of surgical stress on the parameters of thyroid function].

PMID- 6817319
TI  - Properties of a new chloramine disinfectant and detoxicant.

PMID- 6817320
TI  - Studies on the role of lysine and protein in the regulation of lipogenesis by the
      turkey poult.
AB  - Two feeding trials were conducted with Large White turkey poults to determine the
      role of lysine or protein level on growth and in vitro lipogenesis in turkey
      poults. Basal 23 and 30% protein diets were formulated with corn and soybean
      meal. Lysine HCl was added to the 23% protein diet in varying quantities. The
      soybean-to-corn meal ratio was adjusted in another series of diets to increase
      the lysine and protein levels. Growth and feed consumption were noted as
      functions of either lysine or protein levels. In vitro lipogenesis from alanine,
      lactate, or acetate was determined in the first experiment, whereas in vitro
      lipogenesis from acetate was determined in the presence of lactate or alanine in
      the second experiment. Lysine HCl increased (P less than .05) in vitro
      lipogenesis; however, increasing the lysine level with soybean meal decreased (P
      less than .05) lipogenesis. A great decrease in lipogenesis occurred when the
      protein level was increased from 25.3 to 26.8%. Lactate and alanine were used by
      liver tissue as substrates for lipogenesis and increased (P less than .05)
      lipogenesis from acetate.

PMID- 6817321
TI  - Threonine-degrading enzymes in the chicken.
AB  - Threonine dehydratase, threonine aldolase, and threonine dehydrogenase activities
      of liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, duodenum, heart, whole brain, and pancreas of
      the chick (Gallus domesticus) were determined. The highest activities of
      threonine dehydratase and threonine aldolase were found in liver and muscle and
      the highest threonine dehydrogenase in the pancreas. Threonine aldolase was more
      active than threonine dehydratase in all tissues except kidney and intestine,
      both of which had low activities of these enzymes. Chick liver threonine
      dehydratase and threonine dehydrogenase, but not threonine aldolase, activities
      varied significantly during a 24-hr period.

PMID- 6817322
TI  - [Blood-pressure self recording: application and clinical value in the long-term
      treatment of hypertensives].

PMID- 6817324
TI  - [Transfusion therapy of emergency states].

PMID- 6817323
TI  - [Dento-oral changes in 2 siblings with Hurler's syndrome].

PMID- 6817325
TI  - [In vitro studies of tobramycin sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from
      children treated in the Institute for Mother and Child].
AB  - The susceptibility to tobramycin of 739 bacteria strains isolated from children
      treated in the Institute of Mother and Child was investigated. The highest
      percentage of strains sensitive to tobramycin was observed among Gram-negative
      bacillus strains--Enterobacteriaceae, among Pseudomonas species in about 69
      percent, and in Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive in only 47 percent.

PMID- 6817327
TI  - [Relation between the dynamics of immunologic indices and newly detected
      pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the timing of the end of bacterial isolation
      and the closure of destruction cavities].

PMID- 6817328
TI  - [Value of the frequency of bacteriologic studies and use of a complex of nutrient
      media to identify bacterial shedding in tuberculosis].

PMID- 6817326
TI  - [The effect of biseptol and sodium salicylate administration on the concentration
      of serotonin and histamine and mono- and diamine oxidase activities in rat
      placenta].
AB  - It is known that two biogenic amines:serotonin and histamine, as well as the
      enzymes connected with their metabolism (mono- and diamine oxidase), play very
      important role in human and animal fetal development. We have investigated the
      effect of Biseptol and sodium salicylate administered to pregnant rats on the
      concentrations of serotonin and histamine and activities of the above mentioned
      enzymes in placenta. The obtained results showed that the administration of
      Biseptol has no influence on the serotonin concentration, whereas the
      administration of sodium salicylate caused slight increase of serotonin
      concentration in rat placenta. The activity of monoamine oxidase was elevated
      after administration of both drugs (Tabl. I, Fig. 1). The administration of
      Biseptol decreased the histamine concentration and caused the marked increase of
      DAO activity. The sodium salicylate administration to the pregnant rats didn't
      influence on the histamine concentration, whereas it caused parallel twofold
      increase of DAO activity (Tabl. II, Fig. 2).

PMID- 6817329
TI  - Regulation of intracellular calcium compartmentation: studies with isolated
      hepatocytes and t-butyl hydroperoxide.
AB  - In suspensions of isolated hepatocytes, two intracellular Ca2+ pools were
      distinguished in the presence of the metallochrome indicator arsenazo III, first
      by treatment with the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and then with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.
      The available evidence indicates that the two pools are of mitochondrial and
      extramitochondrial origin. Metabolism of t-butyl hydroperoxide by hepatocytes
      caused release of Ca2+ from both compartments concomitant with oxidation of
      cellular glutathione and NADPH, which was followed by characteristic alterations
      in cell surface structure. When NADPH oxidation was prevented by selective
      inactivation of glutathione reductase, t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism was
      without effect on the mitochondrial Ca2+ pool, whereas the loss from the
      extramitochondrial pool was accelerated. Our results suggest that different
      regulatory mechanisms modulate mitochondrial (NADPH-dependent) and
      extramitochondrial (thiol-dependent) Ca2+ compartmentation and that disturbance
      of normal Ca2+ homeostasis may be critical in peroxide-induced cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6817330
TI  - A theory of allelic and isotypic exclusion for immunoglobulin genes.
AB  - Heavy (H) chain binding protein (BiP), which binds to free immunoglobulin H chain
      of the mu and gamma classes, can be demonstrated in pre-B-cells. It is proposed
      that the displacement of BiP from H chain by light (L) chain terminates the
      activity of the enzyme system, L-generase, which catalyzes DNA rearrangement at
      the L chain loci, generating the complete gene which may or may not be
      functional. This ensures allelic and isotypic exclusion for the L chain loci. It
      is further proposed that those cells that productively rearrange both alleles at
      the H chain locus are eliminated by the "H chain toxicity" effect.

PMID- 6817331
TI  - Isolation of cDNA clones encoding HLA-DR alpha chains.
AB  - HLA-DR antigens, the human equivalent of mouse Ia antigens, are multimeric
      surface glycoproteins characterized by a high degree of allelic polymorphism.
      They are expressed specifically on macrophages and lymphocytes and they play a
      key role in the regulation of the immune response. We have investigated this
      complex genetic system by a direct study of the genes involved through molecular
      cloning. This paper deals with the cloning, in plasmids, of full-length cDNA
      sequences for the HLA-DR alpha chain from the human B-cell line Raji. The
      approach relies on a translation assay of mRNA injected into frog oocytes and
      recognition of translation products by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
      After enrichment of specific mRNA and cloning of cDNA, plasmid clones were
      analyzed by hybridization-selection of mRNA and translation in oocytes. A clone
      was identified and used to screen a cDNA library from which several full-length
      HLA-DR alpha chain plasmids were isolated. DNA sequence determination of one such
      clone confirmed its identity and also established the amino acid sequence of the
      NH2-terminal signal sequence of HLA-DR alpha chains. The translation product of
      HLA-DR alpha chain mRNA purified by hybridization-selection gives a single alpha
      chain spot on two-dimensional gels, whereas the alpha chain released from the
      alpha/beta HLA-DR complex gives about seven distinct spots. Finally, the results
      of analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting are compatible with the existence
      of a single nonpolymorphic alpha chain gene and indicate extensive cross
      hybridization with a homologous gene in mouse DNA.

PMID- 6817332
TI  - Assessment of energy expenditure.

PMID- 6817334
TI  - Anthropometrics revisited.
AB  - This paper has discussed some of the anthropometric techniques currently used for
      assessing nutritional state. Most of the measurements are easy to perform and a
      large amount of reference information is available, and yet an accurate and
      clinically useful method for nutritional assessment (especially for the elderly)
      has yet to be achieved. At present the best compromise would appear to be the use
      of measurements of weight, height and skinfold thickness at several sites to
      estimate the individual's body fat (and hence estimate 'energy reserves') from
      regression equations, or in conjunction with a prediction of their usual
      percentile, from national surveys, to try and gauge losses or gains in fat. The
      estimation of 'degrees' of malnutrition is not recommended.

PMID- 6817333
TI  - Is there a body protein reserve?
AB  - Evidence from experimentally protein-depleted dogs and adult human volunteers
      shows that about 20-25% of total body protein can be lost without fatality.
      Muscle protein is used to protect visceral proteins. In obese adults 15% of body
      protein (together with a large amount of fat) can be lost without ill effects.
      Experience with malnourished children shows that rapid repletion of protein is
      not practicable or therapeutically helpful. Protein stores in the body
      undoubtedly exist, and are mobilized whenever the capacity for protein synthesis
      is inadequate to cover the rate of protein catabolism. It is not necessarily
      helpful, in such situations, to give more amino acids intravenously.

PMID- 6817335
TI  - Plasma protein concentration in nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6817336
TI  - The application of plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6817337
TI  - Coagulation disorders in massively injured patients.

PMID- 6817339
TI  - Blood substitutes as therapy in massive surgery and trauma.

PMID- 6817338
TI  - Metabolic burden of massive transfusion.

PMID- 6817340
TI  - Speciation and the fossil record.

PMID- 6817341
TI  - A role for the genome in the origin of species?

PMID- 6817342
TI  - Hepatic arachidonic acid metabolism following in vitro perfusion and endotoxin
      administration.
AB  - Bacterial endotoxins have been shown to stimulate prostanoid production in vivo.
      This study compares the effect of endotoxin administered in vivo and in vitro on
      hepatic 14C arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Livers were perfused with either
      buffer, buffer containing endotoxin, or buffer containing endotoxin plus
      meclofenamate. Liver slices were then incubated with 14C AA, extracted, and
      chromatographed. In buffer perfused livers, 72 +/- 8 percent of the 14C label
      post incubation was associated with arachidonic acid. This was in contrast to
      nonperfused, fresh liver slices where 98 +/- 1 percent of the 14C label remained
      as arachidonic acid. Slices taken from perfused livers which received endotoxin
      in vitro had 72 +/- 9% of the label associated with AA. Meclofenamate treatment
      increased this percentage to 97 +/- 1%. Fresh liver slices incubated with
      endotoxin in vitro for 10 minutes demonstrated no significant increase in AA
      metabolism when compared to fresh slices. These data demonstrate that fresh liver
      slices metabolize very little exogenous AA. In contrast, the perfusion procedure
      alone is a significant stimulus for enhancing arachidonic acid metabolism.
      Subjecting liver tissue to endotoxin in vitro or in vivo for a one hour period is
      not a significant stimulus for enhanced AA metabolism.

PMID- 6817343
TI  - Platelet activating factor (PAF) causes human platelet aggregation through the
      mechanism of membrane modulation.
AB  - Recent investigations have shown that human and canine platelets possess a new
      pathway for securing irreversible platelet aggregation independent of ADP
      secretion and prostaglandin synthesis. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a
      potent aggregating agent for rabbit platelets and is also reputed to stimulate
      the cells by a completely independent pathway. Since the newly recognized
      mechanism in human and dog cells, termed membrane modulation, might be mediated
      by PAF, we evaluated the influence of this agent on human cells. Results of that
      study demonstrated that PAF did not activate platelets through an independent
      pathway and was not involved in the mechanism of membrane modulation. In the
      present investigation we have examined the possibility that PAF might act on
      human platelets through the mechanism of membrane modulation. Human platelets
      were made refractory to amounts of PAF routinely causing irreversible aggregation
      by prolonged incubation of C-PRP at 37 degrees C, by exposure to PGI2 or aspirin,
      or by aggregation-disaggregation of control or aspirin treated cells. Epinephrine
      at concentrations which did not cause aggregation turned on the mechanism of
      membrane modulation in refractory platelets and restored their sensitivity to
      PAF. Thus, PAF does not appear to activate human platelets through a unique,
      independent pathway. Rather, it usually causes irreversible aggregation of human
      cells through the mechanisms of ADP secretion and thromboxane synthesis or, as
      shown in this study, can be dependent on membrane modulation.

PMID- 6817344
TI  - Effects of testosterone on the metabolism of arachidonic acid by aortas and
      platelets in rats.

PMID- 6817345
TI  - Effect of oestradiol and progesterone on prostaglandin production by the rabbit
      uterus in vitro.
AB  - Endogenous concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and PGE2, but not of 6
      oxo-PGF2 alpha, in the uterus were significantly higher in ovariectomised,
      control rabbits than in ovariectomised rabbits which received oestradiol and/or
      progesterone treatment. However, due to significant increases in uterine weight
      following steroid treatment, there were no significant differences in the total
      uterine content of PGF2 alpha or PGE2 following hormonal treatment, whereas total
      6-oxo-PGF1 alpha content in the uterus was significantly increased after
      oestradiol treatment when given alone or following progesterone priming. When PG
      synthesis by uterine homogenates in vitro was examined, expressing the results on
      a unit weight basis showed that oestradiol treatment alone significantly
      depressed the production of PGF2 alpha and PGE2, but not of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha,
      when compared to ovariectomised, control rabbits. Progesterone treatment had no
      significant effect, and reversed the effect of oestradiol on PGF2 alpha
      synthesis. When the results were expressed on a total uterine basis, however,
      oestradiol, acting on a progesterone primed uterus, was the optimum stimulus for
      maximum PGF2 alpha synthesis. Total PGE2 production was not significantly
      affected by steroidal treatment, whereas oestradiol, alone or following
      progesterone priming, significantly increased 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha production. These
      findings are discussed in relation to the stimulus necessary for increased PGF2
      alpha secretion from the rabbit uterus at the end of pseudopregnancy.

PMID- 6817346
TI  - Selective neurotoxin lesions of the lateral septum: changes in social and
      aggressive behaviours.
AB  - Bilateral microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the lateral septum
      resulted in a behavioural profile in the Social Interaction test of anxiety
      similar to that seen after chronically-administered benzodiazepines. In contrast,
      bilateral microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine into this locus did not alter the
      profile of rats tested in this model. In a colony-intruder model of aggression,
      the 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesioned rats showed decreased dominance, while the 6
      hydroxydopamine lesioned rats showed increased dominance and reduced
      subordination. The results suggest that lateral septal 5-hydroxytryptamine, but
      not catecholamines, is important in the control of anxiety, whereas both lateral
      septal 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamines are involved in the control of
      aggression.

PMID- 6817347
TI  - Enhanced neophobia but normal plasma corticosterone levels in rats with dorsal
      noradrenergic bundle lesions.
AB  - The effects of dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB) lesions on plasma corticosterone
      levels were determined in male albino rats. DNB lesions did not affect baseline
      plasma corticosterone levels. Furthermore, the increased corticosterone levels
      produced by various environmental manipulations did not differ between control
      and DNB lesioned groups. However, the lesioned group did exhibit longer latencies
      to eat familiar food in novel environments, as well as to eat novel foods in a
      familiar environment. Latencies to eat novel food in novel environments did not
      differ between the two groups and this was attributed to a "ceiling" effect.
      These endocrinological data fail to support the hypothesis that the enhanced
      "neophobia" observed in DNB lesioned rats is due to an increase in the intensity
      of the emotional reaction to novel stimuli. The data do not preclude the
      possibility, however, that the enhanced neophobic reactions reflect impaired
      habituation to these stimuli.

PMID- 6817348
TI  - TRH and its novel analog (DN-1417): antipentobarbital action and involvement of
      cholinergic mechanisms.
AB  - Possible neuroanatomical loci and the mode of action of thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) or its analog, gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl
      prolinamide citrate (DN-1417), in reducing the pentobarbital-induced sleeping
      time were investigated by using an intracerebral microinjection technique in
      rats. Intravenous, intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of
      TRH or DN-1417 produced a dose-related reduction of the sleeping time induced by
      pentobarbital. TRH or DN-1417 given into the posterior hypothalamic regions
      including the dorsal premammillary nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area and
      posterior nucleus of hypothalamus had a significant pentobarbital sleep
      shortening action in low doses. Injection of these peptides into the dorsomedial
      nucleus of thalamus, mesencephalic reticular formation, medial septal nucleus or
      hippocampus was also effective, in comparatively low doses. However, higher doses
      were required to elicit the effect when the injections were made into the nucleus
      accumbens, lateral preoptic area or caudate nucleus. In this respect, the
      parietal cortex was insensitive to TRH or DN-1417. The pentobarbital sleep
      shortening action of TRH or DN-1417 injected peripherally or into the
      hypothalamic regions was markedly antagonized by ICV or intrahypothalamic
      pretreatment with atropine methyl bromide. On the contrary, ICV injection of
      atropine methyl bromide had a weak or no antagonizing action on the effect of TRH
      injected ICV or into the reticular formation, medial septal nucleus or
      hippocampus. These results suggest that possible neuroanatomical sites mediating
      the pentobarbital sleep shortening action of TRH or DN-1417 may be posterior
      hypothalamic regions, dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, reticular formation,
      medial septal nucleus or hippocampus. A cholinergic mechanism may also be
      involved in the effect of TRH on the hypothalamus.

PMID- 6817349
TI  - Apomorphine-induced facilitation of intracranial self-stimulation following
      dopamine denervation of the nucleus accumbens.
AB  - Two groups of rats were trained to lever press for intracranial self-stimulation
      (ICSS) from electrodes aimed at the posterior lateral hypothalamus or at the
      region of the locus coeruleus. Following stabilization of baseline responding
      using descending rate/intensity functions, bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      lesions to the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) were performed. Subsequent injections
      of apomorphine (SC) resulted in significant increases in self-stimulation in both
      lesion groups and significant decreases in self-stimulation in both groups of
      sham operated animals. These results indicate that the destruction of the
      dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus accumbens results in a "supersensitive"
      enhancement of the ICSS stimulating properties of apomorphine regardless of the
      electrode placement. Both lesion groups also showed a pronounced increase in
      locomotor activity in photocell cages following treatment with the same dose of
      apomorphine. These results complement previous work showing that dopamine
      destruction affects ICSS regardless of electrode placement and support the
      hypothesis that the midbrain dopamine systems have a general response enabling
      role in reinforced behavior.

PMID- 6817350
TI  - Disruption of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of
      the ventral tegmental area in rats.
AB  - 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced destruction of dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus
      accumbens have been shown previously to disrupt cocaine and amphetamine self
      administration. We sought to determine whether lesions of the DA cell bodies in
      the ventral tegmental area (VTA) which give rise to the DA innervation of the n.
      accumbens, would also disrupt cocaine self-administration behavior. Rats were
      trained to self-inject cocaine (0.75 mg/kg) for 4 hr/day. After a stable baseline
      was established, one group of rats received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA (4
      micrograms/l microliter) into the VTA. Control rats received vehicle injections.
      When retested on the fifth day post-lesion, all of the 6-OHDA treated animals
      showed a long lasting reduction in cocaine intake. Three animals did not
      reinitiate cocaine self-administration after the lesion, although each showed
      stable post-lesion responding for apomorphine. The surgery had no effect on
      cocaine self-administration in control animals. These data support the hypothesis
      that dopaminergic mechanisms are necessary for the normal expression of cocaine
      self-administration.

PMID- 6817351
TI  - Glutamate - oxaloacetate transaminase, Monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase and
      mixed function oxidase activities in rat liver after portacaval shunt.

PMID- 6817352
TI  - Nonspecific and cooperative binding of lectins to microorganisms.
AB  - Binding of lectins to microbial cell walls was investigated by fluorimetric
      titration and Scatchard plot. Data were correlated with agglutinability.
      Concanavalin A and lectins of wheat germ, soybean, pea, lentil, and peanut were
      tested against Escherichia coli. Micrococcus luteus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and
      Bacillus subtilis. In cases where binding occurred, it was either nonspecific or
      positively cooperative. Agglutination was observed only in those combinations of
      lectin and microorganism that showed positive cooperative binding, suggesting a
      definite relation between binding and agglutination. Lectins binding to the same
      carbohydrate did not necessarily bind to the same microorganism, confirming the
      complexity of the lectin-receptor bond.

PMID- 6817353
TI  - Effects of bipiperidyl mustard (BPM) lesions on insulin hypoglycemic convulsions.
AB  - Systemic gold thioglucose (GTG) is well known to produce hyperphagia, resulting
      in obesity, and histological damage focused relatively selectively in the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Although structurally very different,
      bipiperidyl mustard (BPM) produces apparently similar effects. However, a
      proposed mechanism for concentration and hence localization of GTG toxicity
      depends on its structural similarity to glucose, binding it to glucoreceptors and
      focusing the cytotoxicity of the gold thio-portion. We recently showed that GTG
      treatment also produces an early decrease and a later increase in sensitivity to
      insulin hypoglycemic convulsions. We report here that BPM also produces a similar
      biphasic change in sensitivity to insulin hypoglucemic convulsions. For both, the
      differences are in the brain's convulsive response to hypoglycemia, rather than
      in the degree of hypoglycemia in response to insulin. Thus, GTG and BPM cytotoxic
      lesions appear similar in this regard as well. BPM is another way of producing a
      relatively discrete brain lesion which alters the brain's functional adjustment
      to hypoglycemia. The significance of this control center and its relationship to
      the control(s) of feeding and systemic metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6817355
TI  - [Thyroid function in long-term use of lithium salts for prevention of recurrence
      of affective disorders].

PMID- 6817356
TI  - Effects of lithium carbonate therapy on fasting blood sugar.

PMID- 6817354
TI  - Inhibition by hypophysectomy of the hyperphagia and obesity following gold
      thioglucose.
AB  - The effect of hypophysectomy in mice previously treated with gold thioglucose
      (GTG) was studied with respect to changes in food intake and development of
      obesity. As expected, all mice treated with GTG alone exhibited lesions in the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), hyperphagia and obesity. Hypophysectomy of GTG
      treated mice prevented the appearance of hyperphagia and obesity. Daily
      administration of the adrenal corticoid, cortisone, completely restored the
      hyperphagia and obesity in GTG treated hypophysectomized mice. The amounts of
      cortisone used did not appreciably affect food intake or body weights of normal,
      hypophysectomized or GTG treated mice. These findings indicate that the
      hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity which normally follows the administration of
      GTG is dependent on a functional pituitary gland. Furthermore, the specific
      ability of an adrenal corticoid to completely restore the hyperphagia and obesity
      of GTG treated hypophysectomized mice in the absence of other pituitary factors,
      suggests that the pituitary adrenal axis serves as an important link in the
      regulatory mechanism for control of feeding behavior in the mouse.

PMID- 6817357
TI  - A survey of long-term users of the community psychiatric services in Camberwell.

PMID- 6817358
TI  - A hostel-ward for 'new' long-stay patients: an evaluative study of 'a ward in a
      house'.

PMID- 6817359
TI  - The TRH test in normal subjects: methodological considerations.
AB  - Changes in serum TSH, PRL, GH, T3, T4 and FT4-Index after injection of TRH (500
      micrograms i.v.) were measured in 13 normal women and 12 normal men. In both
      sexes, TSH and PRL concentrations rose significantly over baseline after TRH
      injection (p less than 0.01). The PRL response, but not the TSH response, was
      significantly lower in men than in women. Although most TSH and PRL peaks
      occurred about 30 min after TRH injection, a delayed PRL peak was seen in four
      men. Thyroid hormones also rose significantly after TRH, with T3 peaking earlier
      (60 min) than T4 and FT4-Index (greater than or equal to 180 min). The TSH area
      under the curve correlated well with the TSH peak value (p less than 0.001), with
      the TSH value at 30 min (p less than 0.001), with the delta max TSH (p less than
      0.001), and with the delta TSH measured at 30 min (delta 30 TSH) (p less than
      0.001). The PRL area under the curve correlated well with the PRL peak value (p
      less than 0.005) and with delta max PRL (p less than 0.05) in both sexes, but the
      PRL value at 30 min was significantly correlated with the area under the curve
      only in women (p less than 0.005). These data indicate that in both sexes a
      baseline sample and a 30-min sample provide an excellent index of the entire TSH
      secretory response to TRH; the PRL response to TRH is clearly related to sex; and
      the 30-min value of PRL in women, but not in men, is an adequate measure of the
      PRL secretory response to TRH.

PMID- 6817360
TI  - Diurnal hormonal responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal men.
AB  - Bolus injections of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were
      administered to five young normal men in the morning (0900 hr) and the evening
      (1800 hr) on different days. Frequent blood samples for prolactin (PRL) and TSH
      analyses were collected before and after TRH infusion. Although there were no
      differences between the morning and the evening basal PRL levels, a significantly
      greater PRL response to TRH in the evening was observed (delta PRL, a.m. vs p.m.,
      p less than 0.025). Since TRH stimulates PRL through a direct effect on the
      pituitary, our data suggest that there is a diurnal variation in the pituitary
      lactotroph responsiveness to TRH. On the other hand, a.m. and p.m. basal and TRH
      stimulated TSH responses were virtually identical.

PMID- 6817361
TI  - Improvement in ratings of tension after TRH administration in healthy women.
AB  - Administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), 400 micrograms i.v., to
      healthy premenopausal women resulted in improvement in ratings of tension on the
      100 mm line test. The max. mean improvement in tension ratings was significantly
      greater after TRH than after saline (t = 2.27, df = 9, p less than 0.05); after
      TRH administration, eight of 10 subjects showed greater than 30% improvement in
      tension ratings, while only three of 10 subjects receiving saline reported a
      comparable degree of improvement. No significant improvement in ratings of mood
      state were noted after administration of either TRH or saline. These findings
      extend previous reports of behavioral effects of TRH in normal subjects. The
      possibility that the behavioral effects of TRH may be influenced by the state of
      activity of the CNS is discussed.

PMID- 6817362
TI  - Endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid during alcohol intoxication and
      withdrawal.
AB  - Levels of endorphins were determined in CSF from alcoholics while intoxicated or
      after 1 day, 1 week, and 3 weeks of abstinence, respectively, and from healthy
      volunteers. The level of endorphins was determined by a radioreceptor assay and
      two fractions were analyzed. With fraction 1, there were no significant
      differences between the groups, but the level was negatively correlated with the
      blood-alcohol level. The mean level of endorphin fraction 2 during the early
      withdrawal phase was significantly lower than those of the other groups. With
      respect to clinical conditions and monoamine metabolites, fraction 2 in early
      withdrawal correlated significantly to duration of abuse and age. During late
      withdrawal, fraction 1 level correlated to depressive symptoms and, after 3 weeks
      of abstinence, fraction 2 correlated to MOPEG levels. This study suggests that
      endorphin systems are affected during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal in
      alcoholics.

PMID- 6817363
TI  - Effects of the novel compound aniracetam (Ro 13-5057) upon impaired learning and
      memory in rodents.
AB  - The effect of aniracetam (Ro 13-5057, 1-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone) was studied on
      various forms of experimentally impaired cognitive functions (learning and
      memory) in rodents and produced the following effects: (1) almost complete
      prevention of the incapacity to learn a discrete escape response in rats exposed
      to sublethal hypercapnia immediately before the acquisition session; (2) partial
      (rats) or complete (mice) prevention of the scopolamine-induced short-term
      amnesia for a passive avoidance task; (3) complete protection against amnesia for
      a passive avoidance task in rats submitted to electroconvulsive shock immediately
      after avoidance acquisition; (4) prevention of the long-term retention- or
      retrieval-deficit for a passive avoidance task induced in rats and mice by
      chloramphenicol or cycloheximide administered immediately after acquisition; (5)
      reversal, when administered as late as 1 h before the retention test, of the
      deficit in retention or retrieval of a passive avoidance task induced by
      cycloheximide injected 2 days previously; (6) prevention of the deficit in the
      retrieval of an active avoidance task induced in mice by subconvulsant
      electroshock or hypercapnia applied immediately before retrieval testing (24 h
      after acquisition). These improvements or normalizations of impaired cognitive
      functions were seen at oral aniracetam doses of 10-100 mg/kg. Generally, the dose
      response curves were bell-shaped. The mechanisms underlying the activity of
      aniracetam and its 'therapeutic window' are unknown. Piracetam, another
      pyrrolidinone derivative was used for comparison. It was active only in six of
      nine tests and had about one-tenth the potency of aniracetam. The results
      indicate that aniracetam improves cognitive functions which are impaired by
      different procedure and in different phases of the learning and memory process.

PMID- 6817364
TI  - Dose-response relationships of perphenazine in the treatment of acute psychoses.
AB  - A group of 26 acute psychotic patients received continuous oral treatment with
      perphenazine for a period of 5 weeks. Once-weekly blood samples were drawn for
      measurements of perphenazine levels and, simultaneously, the therapeutic outcome
      was registered. Another 26 acute psychotic patients received continuous oral
      treatment with perphenazine for a period of up to 4 weeks. A single blood sample
      was drawn and the perphenazine concentration was related to the appearance of
      extrapyramidal side effects. The following conclusions were made: (1) a high risk
      of provoking extrapyramidal side effects was associated with plasma levels of
      perphenazine above 3 nmol/l; (2) plasma levels below 2 nmol/l were associated
      with a poor therapeutic outcome; (3) a 'therapeutic window' between 2 and 3
      nmol/l gives maximal therapeutic effect with a low risk of provoking
      extrapyramidal side effects.

PMID- 6817365
TI  - Oral self-administration of phencyclidine analogs by rhesus monkeys: conditioned
      taste and visual reinforcers.
AB  - Three monkeys self-administered orally-delivered phencyclidine, 1-(1
      phencyclohexyl) piperidine (PCP), N-ethyl-1-phencyclohexylamine (PCE), and 1-[1
      (2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP) over a wide range of concentrations
      (0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/ml). Water was also available
      under a concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 16 schedule. Drug deliveries were
      substantially higher than concurrent water deliveries at all concentrations,
      indicating that the three compounds functioned as effective reinforcers. Maximum
      liquid deliveries occurred at concentrations of 0.0625 (PCP and TCP) and 0.125
      mg/ml (PCE). TCP was much shorter-acting (10-15 min) than PCP (4-6h) based on
      observations of severe ataxia at high concentrations. To investigate the
      conditioned reinforcing effects of taste, a quinine solution (0.088 mg/ml) was
      substituted for PCP (0.25 mg/ml) in five monkeys. Four monkeys responded for
      quinine in excess of water for a range of seven to over 30 sessions, while one
      monkey (M-R) did not show any substantial responding for quinine. With the same
      five monkeys (treatment order mixed), the effect of visual stimuli was tested by
      substituting water for PCP while retaining the visual stimuli indicating drug
      availability. Four monkeys showed increased responding on the side signaling drug
      for only 0-4 sessions, while one monkey (M-R) showed persistent responding for
      water on the side with drug stimuli for 29 sessions. These results indicated that
      taste functioned as an effective conditioned reinforcer, while visual stimuli
      appeared to be less effective in the oral drug self-administration paradigm.

PMID- 6817366
TI  - Early effects of quitting smoking.
AB  - Heart rate, hand tremor, skin temperature, eating, and craving for cigarettes
      were examined in 19 smokers who quit for 1 day. Measures of heart rate and hand
      tremor were lower during abstinence; craving seemed greater, skin temperature was
      higher, and there was more eating, particularly snacking, but no shift in
      preference towards sweet foods. Quitting brings about profound changes in a
      smoker's physiology and behaviour, even during the first day. Anticipation of
      these changes could help would-be quitters, and those who advise them.

PMID- 6817367
TI  - Partial improvement in negative schizophrenic symptoms after amphetamine.
AB  - In stable schizophrenic outpatients with predominantly "defect state"
      symptomatology amphetamine caused a reduction in negative symptoms that was
      statistically significant but not complete (i.e. these symptoms remained
      clinically discernible). The possibility that dopaminergic hypofunction
      contributes some elements to the schizophrenic defect state is presented, along
      with some limited data compatible with this concept. These findings are compared
      to prior studies in recently hospitalized schizophrenic subjects, and discussed
      with respect to recent theoretical concepts regarding the role of dopamine in
      schizophrenic psychopathology.

PMID- 6817368
TI  - Generalization of the discriminative stimulus properties of phencyclidine to
      other drugs in the pigeon using color tracking under second order schedules.
AB  - Pigeons were trained to track the location of a red or green key color under a
      second order schedule, with reinforcement of responses to each color contingent
      upon whether 1.5 mg/kg phencyclidine (PCP) or saline had been administered before
      the session. When cumulative dose-effect curves were determined for other drugs
      substituted for PCP, pigeons responded predominantly on the PCP key after other
      doses of PCP, ketamine, pentobarbital, d-cyclazocine and l-cyclazocine, but not
      after saline, lactic acid solution, d-amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, scopolamine,
      morphine, naltrexone, or d-, or l-methadone. l-Cyclazocine was slightly more
      potent than d-cyclazocine in producing PCP key responding. PCP key responding
      after the optical isomers of cyclazocine was not blocked by naltrexone.

PMID- 6817369
TI  - Facilitation of active avoidance responding following chronic haloperidol
      treatment in rats.
AB  - Rats were chronically treated with once-daily injections of either haloperidol or
      vehicle for 21 days. When spontaneous locomotor activity or acquisition of active
      avoidance in a two-way shuttle box were measured 48 h after the cessation of
      chronic treatment, the haloperidol-treated animals were significantly more active
      and performed significantly more avoidance responses. These findings suggest that
      the increased dopamine receptors that have been reported following chronic
      haloperidol treatment may have functional relevance.

PMID- 6817371
TI  - Chlorpromazine hyperalgesia antagonizes clonidine analgesia, but enhances
      morphine analgesia in rats tested in a hot-water tail-flick paradigm.
AB  - Seventy-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in a hot-water (55 degrees +/-
      0.5 degrees C) tail-flick paradigm. Tail-flick latencies (TFL) were obtained at
      30 and 15 min before intraperitoneal injection of either morphine (2.5, 5.0 and
      10.0 mg/kg) clonidine (25, 50, 100 and 200 microgram/kg), chlorpromazine (CPZ,
      2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), dual injections of these drug combinations, or a saline
      control injection. Further TFL measures were taken immediately following drug
      administration and thereafter at 15 min intervals. The mean of the pre-drug TFL's
      served as each rat's baseline. All other TFL's were calculated as percentage
      changes from that baseline. Mean changes were determined for each treatment group
      and differences between groups, at each test time, were analysed. Our results
      demonstrated morphine and clonidine analgesia but CPZ hyperalgesia. The drug
      interaction studies revealed that morphine analgesia is enhanced by co
      administration of either clinidine or CPZ but that clonidine analgesia is
      antagonized by chlorpromazine. These data suggest that morphine and clonidine
      exert their analgesic effects through different neurochemical mechanisms. It is
      particularly interesting that the clonidine-CPZ combination should result in
      TFL's similar to baseline levels, even though both drugs are sedatives. The
      investigation emphasizes the value of chlorpromazine as a pharmacological tool in
      analgesic research because of its ability to induce hyperalgesia even though it
      is a sedating agent.

PMID- 6817370
TI  - REM sleep suppression induced by selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - The effects of 4 weeks of treatment with the selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline and pargyline on the sleep of affectively
      disordered patients were studied. Both inhibitors resulted in near total
      suppression of REM sleep, a decrease in total sleep time, and an increase in the
      percent of stage 2 sleep. Clorgyline also increased awake time and decreased
      total recording period and sleep latency. In general, changes were greater for
      clorgyline than for pargyline and were about 50% slower to return to baseline
      after clorgyline compared to pargyline discontinuation. The results were
      consistent with the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the MAO type A, as
      produced by clorgyline, is sufficient to induce marked sleep changes. MAO
      inhibitor-induced receptor changes are proposed to account for the time course of
      the REM suppression and the REM rebound observed upon withdrawal.

PMID- 6817372
TI  - Induction of microsomal enzyme activity by flupenthixol in chronic
      schizophrenics.
AB  - The effect of long-term treatment with flupenthixol on hepatic microsomal enzyme
      activity was studied in 12 chronic schizophrenic outpatients who had been
      receiving two weekly maintenance doses for at least 6 months. Antipyrine half
      life was measured in the 12 patients while they continued to receive the drug.
      Flupenthixol was then discontinued for 6 weeks and antipyrine half-life was
      repeated in 7 of the 12 patients. In the 12 patients the plasma antipyrine
      elimination half-life was 4-24 h (mean 9.73 +/- 1.61 h) when receiving
      flupenthixol and there was a significant negative correlation between antipyrine
      half-life and the dose of flupenthixol (r = 0.582, P less than 0.05). In the
      seven patients to whom antipyrine was given on two occasions, antipyrine half
      life was 7.33 +/- 1.07 h and 12.04 +/- 1.87 h on and off flupenthixol treatment
      respectively. The clearance significantly decreased when flupenthixol was
      discontinued, but there was no change in the apparent volume of distribution.

PMID- 6817373
TI  - Selective breeding for diisopropyl fluorophosphate-sensitivity: behavioural
      effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.
AB  - The behavioral effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists were examined in
      two lines of rats which have been developed through selective breeding techniques
      to be differentially sensitive to the anticholinesterase diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate (DFP). The line of rats which were determined to be more
      sensitive to DFP (Flinders S line) were also more sensitive to the depressant
      effects of the agonists pilocarpine and physostigmine on locomotor activity,
      water intake, and operant responding maintained by water reward. In contrast, the
      locomotor stimulant effects of scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, were less
      marked in the S-line rats, while the depressant effects of atropine and
      scopolamine on water intake and operant responding maintained by water reward
      were comparable in the two lines. The S-line rats were also significantly more
      sensitive to the hypothermic effects of pilocarpine and oxotremorine. These
      findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the S-line rats are more
      sensitive to the acute effects of DFP because they have a higher number of
      muscarinic-cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6817374
TI  - Time course effects of soman on acetylcholine and choline levels in six discrete
      areas of the rat brain.
AB  - The time course of changes in rat brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline
      (Ch) was investigated following a single SC injection of soman (0.9 LD50, 120
      micrograms/kg) to understand the relationship between central neurotransmitter
      alteration and soman toxicity. Of the animals exposed to the dose of soman, 46%
      died within 24 h, with maximum mortality occurring during the first 40 min
      following soman administration. In a second group, surviving rats were killed at
      various times after treatment by a beam of focused microwave radiation to the
      head, and ACh and Ch levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Soman produced a maximal ACh elevation in the brain stem at 20 min
      (34.4%), in cerebellum at 40 min (51.9%), in cortex and striatum at 2 h (320.3%
      and 35.2%, respectively), and in hippocampus and midbrain at 3 h (94.5% and
      56.8%, respectively). ACh levels remained above normal approximately 30 min in
      the brain stem; 2 h in the midbrain, cerebellum, and striatum; 8 h in the cortex;
      and 16 h in the hippocampus. Ch levels were elevated in all areas except the
      striatum. Ch maxima occurred at 10-40 min and returned to control levels
      approximately 3 h after injection. Results suggest that perturbation of ACh
      levels due to soman was not uniform throughout the brain and that soman toxicity
      may reflect ACh changes in multiple areas, rather than changes in any given area.
      These data further suggest a possible relationship between elevated Ch levels and
      soman toxicity.

PMID- 6817375
TI  - Treatment of bulimia with antidepressants.
AB  - Bulimia is a syndrome of compulsive binge eating that is often associated with
      serious morbidity and usually resistant to existing psychological or
      pharmacological treatments. We report use of tricyclic antidepressants in eight
      bulimic patients, six of whom obtained moderate or marked reduction of their
      eating binges within 2-4 weeks. This preliminary observation suggests that
      antidepressants may be of value in treating bulimia and adds to the evidence
      linking bulimia with affective disorder.

PMID- 6817376
TI  - A statistical model for the classification of imipramine response in depressed
      inpatients.
AB  - We present a statistical model, recently developed for application in
      mathematical economics, that yields empirical evidence for the existence of two
      distinct subtypes of depression. We reanalyze previously reported data on 65
      depressed patients treated with imipramine and repeatedly rated on the Hamilton
      Rating Scale (HRS). The estimated model parameters suggest two underlying
      response processes. Patients in the first subgroup were initially more severely
      depressed (as measured by the total HRS score), but exhibited a rapid rate of
      symptomatic response over time. In contrast, patients in the second subgroup were
      initially less severely depressed, yet showed a much slower rate of improvement.
      These findings recommend a refinement of the clinical definitions of endogenous
      depression. While this model suggests that there are two underlying response
      processes, it does not classify individual patients. Subject classification was
      made possible by fitting an item-response model to the data. This model relates
      the 17 individual symptom ratings, at baseline, to the total post-treatment HRS
      scores. The results of this analysis suggest that the previously described
      relationship between high initial severity of depression and more rapid
      improvement over time is characteristic of subjects who exhibit initial motor
      retardation and decreased sexual interest. Graphical analysis clearly indicates
      that subjects who exhibit both motor retardation and decreased sexual interest at
      baseline have higher total HRS scores at baseline and show more pronounced
      improvement in total HRS scores in response to treatment with imipramine.
      Patients not exhibiting motor retardation and decreased sexual interest were less
      severely depressed initially and show virtually no clinical response over time.

PMID- 6817377
TI  - Small doses of apomorphine induce catalepsy and antagonize methamphetamine
      stereotypy in rats.
AB  - Small doses of apomorphine (AP, 31.25-125 micrograms/ kg IP) induced dose
      dependent catalepsy in rats. However, unlike the stereotyped behavior induced by
      high doses of AP which has a rapid onset and is short-lasting, the cataleptic
      effect induced by small doses of AP was evident 30 min after AP injection and was
      unusually long-lasting. Further, AP (31.25-125 micrograms/kg) administered 60 min
      before methamphetamine was found to significantly antagonize the methamphetamine
      induced stereotyped behavior. Pretreatment with molindone (0.45 and 0.8 mg/kg
      IP), in doses reported to selectively block the presynaptic DA receptors, not
      only decreased the cataleptic effect of AP but also reversed the AP antagonism of
      methamphetamine stereotypy. The results suggest that small doses of AP induce
      catalepsy and antagonize methamphetamine stereotypy probably by an action at
      presynaptic DA receptor sites.

PMID- 6817379
TI  - Attenuation of baroreflexes during operant cardiac conditioning.

PMID- 6817378
TI  - Cumulative dose-effect curves in a conflict test with incremental shock.
AB  - Cumulative dose-effect curves were generated for chlordiazepoxide, diazepam,
      meprobamate, pentobarbital, morphine, and d-amphetamine in a Geller-Seifter
      conflict test with incremental shock. The anxiolytics increased responses in
      conflict significantly at one or more doses, whereas the non-anxiolytics d
      amphetamine and morphine produced dose-related decreases. Results were consistent
      with previous data from the conventional one-dose-per-session design.

PMID- 6817380
TI  - Polyamines: a dual role in the modulation of cellular sensitivity to heat.

PMID- 6817381
TI  - [Use of the FSH-RIA test kit in clinical practice].

PMID- 6817383
TI  - Stimulants of prostaglandin biosynthesis in human fetal membranes, uterine
      decidua vera and placenta.
AB  - Modulation of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by cytosolic fractions derived from
      homogenates of human amnion, chorion laeve, decidua vera and placenta was
      examined. PGF2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha synthesis by bovine seminal vesicle
      (BSV) PG synthase was stimulated by the cytosolic fractions of each tissue in a
      dose-dependent manner. The cytosols from decidua vera and placenta were the most
      effective in stimulating synthesis and also stimulated PGE2 biosynthesis. Reduced
      glutathione (GSH) acted to increase the biosynthesis of PGE2 at the expense of
      other PGs both in the presence and absence of various cytosols. These data are
      indicative that the mode of action of cytosolic fractions on the stimulation of
      PG biosynthesis is unlike that of GSH. Indomethacin and aspirin, inhibitors of
      fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase activity, strongly inhibited the cytosol-induced
      stimulation of BSV PG synthase. The cytosolic factors that stimulated PG
      biosynthesis exhibited differential behavior towards boiling and dialysis. The
      stimulatory effect of all cytosolic fractions was sensitive to boiling except in
      the the chorion laeve effects toward 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha production. In dialysis
      studies we found that the cytosolic components that stimulated the production of
      PGF2 alpha were not removed by dialysis except in the case of cytosol of placenta
      whereas the stimulatory effects of various cytosols toward the biosynthesis of
      PGE2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were removed by dialysis. These results are indicative
      of the presence of endogenous factors in human intrauterine tissues that
      preferentially stimulate the biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and
      are further suggestive that PG biosynthesis in intrauterine tissues is, at least
      in part, regulated by cytosolic factors.

PMID- 6817382
TI  - Immunopharmacology of gold.

PMID- 6817384
TI  - The synthesis of 6,9-deepoxy-6,9-N-phenylimino-delta 6,8-prostaglandin I1. A
      novel inhibitor of leukotriene C and D synthesis.
AB  - The pyrrole analog of prostacyclin, 6,9-deepoxy-6,9-N-phenylimino-delta 6,8
      prostaglandin I1 was synthesized from PGF2 alpha methyl ester. This
      pyrroloprostacyclin (U-60,257) and its methyl ester (U-56,467) have been shown to
      inhibit leukotriene C/D biosynthesis and antagonize leukotriene C/D contractions
      in vitro. Antigen induced bronchopulmonary changes in monkeys and guinea pigs are
      inhibited by U-60,257 in vivo.

PMID- 6817385
TI  - [Fecal aerobic bacterial flora in acute diarrhea and malabsorption syndromes in
      children aged up to 2 years].

PMID- 6817386
TI  - [Analysis of bacterial contamination in health institutions].

PMID- 6817387
TI  - [Tropical diseases treated at the Infection Observation Department of the UN
      Armed Forces hospital in the Middle East during the first and the last (XII)
      troop change].

PMID- 6817388
TI  - [Biomorphotic properties of wound after vulvectomy with the use of the CO2
      laser].

PMID- 6817389
TI  - [Sensitivity and precision of the 13C-breath test].
AB  - Sensitivity and precision of the 13C-breath test were assessed by examining a
      couple of limiting factors caused by the sensitivity of the instrument used for
      13CO2 analysis, endogenous fluctuation of 13CO2 abundance, and the residual CO2
      in sample storing tubes, vacutainers, etc. For 13CO2 analysis, a mass
      spectrometer equipped with a dual inlet, a dual collector, and an automated
      pressure matching system, was used. 15 ml vacutainers were used for sample
      storage. Endogenous fluctuation of 13CO2 abundance, however, was measured by
      putting the breath samples directly into the evacuated CO2 purification system,
      instead of using vacutainers. Endogenous fluctuation (S.D. = 0.202%) was the most
      significant limiting factor, compared with instrumental limitation (0.085%), or
      with influence of the residual CO2 (0.136%). Consequently, the sensitivity of the
      13C-breath test was figured out to be 0.52%. This sensitivity is about 1,000
      times lower than that of 14C-breath test. The precision was linearly dependent on
      13C increase from basal 13C observed after administration of 13C enriched
      compounds, delta 13C, and was determined to be expressed as 1.94 delta 13C.

PMID- 6817390
TI  - [Use of the stable isotopes in life science (VI). 13CO2 analysis for the 13C
      breath test].

PMID- 6817391
TI  - [Fecal detection of rotavirus and other enteropathogens in infants less than a
      year old, with acute diarrhea].

PMID- 6817392
TI  - [Copper deficit in infants].

PMID- 6817393
TI  - [Maternal lactation and morbidity due to diarrhea and malnutrition in the 1st
      year of life. II].

PMID- 6817394
TI  - [Nitroglycerin via continuous perfusion in postoperative resuscitation in heart
      surgery. A hemodynamic study].

PMID- 6817395
TI  - [Effect of sleep on respiration].
AB  - Physiologists as well as chest physicians are both interested in respiratory
      control and disturbances during sleep. Many studies have demonstrated episodic
      falls in oxygen saturation in lung disease during sleep related to episodic
      alveolar hypoventilation and/or apneas. A better understanding of these sleep
      induced disorders has been possible since the use of electroencephalo-and
      oculogram (EEG-EOG) to separate the two stages of sleep i.e rapid eye movement
      sleep (REM sleep) and slow wave sleep (non-REM sleep), and of non invasive
      methods in assessment of respiratory parameters. Several mechanisms may explain
      respiratory disturbances during sleep: --a failure of respiratory control systems
      which differ between the two stages of sleep (central apnea); --a decrease in
      activity of all upper airway muscles, mainly during REM sleep (occlusive apnea); 
      -a worsening in ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneities which may occur
      independently of the apnea periods. The detection of such falls in oxygen
      saturation in pulmonary patients, especially in hypoxemic ones appear to be very
      important to avoid the adverse effects of hypoxemia on pulmonary circulation.
      This could be realized by: --an evaluation of respiratory disorders during sleep;
      --a better assessment of the respiratory control systems in cold patients; -
      suppression of predisposing factors of occlusive apnea. These different
      investigations would lead us to a more logical management of respiratory
      disturbances during sleep, especially in patients suffering from chronic
      respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 6817396
TI  - [Respiratory function research in children and infants].

PMID- 6817398
TI  - Choroidal ischemia after extra capsular cataract extraction by
      phacoemulsification.

PMID- 6817397
TI  - Amino acid-p-nitroanilide and -beta-naphthylamide cleaving activities in rat
      serum.
AB  - Determination of proteolytic activities gains increasing importance for the
      diagnosis of various pathologic conditions. Many questions can only be solved
      with the aid of experiments with animals. In preparation of such studies the
      pattern of the enzymatic hydrolysis of 20 amino acid-p-nitroanilides and one 
      beta-naphthylamide by normal rat serum was measured. The pH dependences of the
      single reactions are reported as well as their sensitivity to the action of
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, dithioerithrol, and puromycin. Additionally, it
      is shown that collecting of the blood by cardiac puncture and preparation of the
      native plasma is the best way to get reproducible results.

PMID- 6817399
TI  - [Exertional dyspnea in silicotic patients--mouth occlusion pressure and
      ventilatory responses to CO2 rebreathing and exercise].

PMID- 6817400
TI  - [Effects of a nitroglycerin ointment on myocardial ischemic injury].

PMID- 6817401
TI  - Hypercapnic ventilation during exercise: effects of exercise methods and
      inhalation techniques.
AB  - The effect of exercise on the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 is uncertain
      because previous studies using different techniques have come to different
      conclusions. We undertook to resolve this problem by using multiple techniques
      and confining our study to a uniform level of mild exercise (VO2 = 10 ml/kg min).
      One group of subjects exercised on a treadmill and was tested with both
      rebreathing and steady-state CO2 methods. A second group exercised on a bicycle
      while using the rebreathing method. We found that the ventilatory response to CO2
      was unchanged by mild exercise, regardless of the method used for CO2 inhalation
      or the technique used for exercise. These results indicate that under controlled
      conditions mild exercise does not produce any change in ventilatory sensitivity
      to CO2.

PMID- 6817402
TI  - Blood flow distribution during artificially induced respiratory hypocapnic
      alkalosis in the fowl.
AB  - In birds, hyperthermia is normally associated with panting and progressive
      respiratory alkalosis. The effect of respiratory alkalosis on capillary blood
      flow distribution was examined by artificially hyperventilating normothermic
      fowls, thereby dissociating it of the normally occurring concomitant
      hyperthermia. In contrast with mammals, in which hyperventilation associated with
      hypocapnia reduced blood flow to the brain, uterus and other organs, in the hen
      blood flow distribution in most organs remained unaltered. This indicates that
      the potential change in acid-base balance which develops in the hyperthermic
      birds during panting is not likely to affect the regulation of blood flow. The
      comb and wattles were the only affected organs, in which capillary blood flow
      diminished to about 45% of normal values. This reduction did not prevent a
      vasodilatation in those organs in hyperthermic fowls, though it probably limited
      its full expression.

PMID- 6817404
TI  - [Rapid diagnostic technics for bacterial infections].

PMID- 6817403
TI  - [Indications and pharmacokinetic study of lithium carbonate in the treatment of
      the acute phase of Basedow's disease].

PMID- 6817405
TI  - [Treatment of coronary arterial spasm].

PMID- 6817407
TI  - [CO2 laser as an instrument for osteotomy].

PMID- 6817406
TI  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and new bone formation in male gouty
      subjects. A radiologic study.
AB  - Ninety-nine males with gout were identified and their radiographs examined for
      features of vertebral hyperostosis and entheseal changes (diffuse idiopathic
      skeletal hyperostosis, DISH). Of patients over the age of 45 years 43% fulfilled
      criteria for diagnosis of DISH. New bone formation in other regions of the
      skeleton was also common. The overhanging margin sign, seen in well developed
      tophi, was noted only in patients with prominent new bone formation elsewhere in
      their skeleton. Some of the radiologic manifestations of gout may be modified by
      a co-existent tendency, in these patients, to form new bone. It is suggested that
      a common metabolic factor, possibly hyperinsulinaemia, underlies the association
      of gout and hyperostosis.

PMID- 6817408
TI  - [The stylohyoid chain].

PMID- 6817409
TI  - [Jejunostomy: technics and indications].

PMID- 6817410
TI  - Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Norway. Clinical, epidemiological, and
      immunological characteristics in comparsion with hepatitis A.
AB  - Serological analysis by radioimunoassay of sera from 297 patients hospitalized
      with acute non-toxic hepatitis was used for classification according to virus
      etiology. Radioimmunoassays included tests for hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV),
      anti-HAV of IgM class, and antibody against cytomegalovirus (GMV) and Epstein
      Barr virus. One patient with a significant rise in anti-CMV antibodies was
      classified as having CMV hepatitis. Among the 296 remaining patients serological
      markers indicated hepatitis A in 51 cases (17.2%) and hepatitis B in 208 cases
      (70.3%). The remaining 37 patients (12.5%) fulfilled criteria for acute non-A,
      non-B hepatitis. This type of hepatitis had symptoms and signs indistinguishable
      from those of hepatitis A, except for a slight tendency to milder disease on
      admission. A considerable proportion of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis had
      a history of drug abuse (43.2%) and of recently traveling to endemic hepatitis
      areas (29.7%). In the remaining 27.1% no particular background was revealed. No
      case of post-transfusion hepatitis was seen. During the last 6 months of the
      study a striking change in epidemiology concerning hepatitis A was seen,
      apparently caused by a steep increase in the incidence of this type of hepatitis
      among drug addicts. No significant difference in biochemical liver tests was seen
      in non-a, non-B hepatitis or hepatitis A. In contrast, a marked and statistically
      significant difference in serum concentrations of IgM was found, with higher
      values (mean, 7.5 g/1; range, 3.2-13.9 g/1) in hepatitis A than in non-a, non-B
      hepatitis (mean, 3.3 g/1; range, 0.9-9.4 g/1). This difference may have
      diagnostic value.

PMID- 6817411
TI  - The composition of biliary calculi in patients with juxtapapillary duodenal
      diverticula.
AB  - Biliar calculi from 32 patients with juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula were
      analyzed by quantitative infrared spectroscopy. In 22 of the patients the calculi
      were classified as pigment stones and in 10 as cholesterol stones. Calcium
      bilirubinate was the main component in the pigment stones, with a median value of
      45%; the median cholesterol content was 7.5%. In the cholesterol stones median
      calcium bilirubinate content was 1% and median cholesterol content 95.5%. Calcium
      carbonate was found in small amounts in only nine of the calculi. The findings
      support our theory that the pigment calculi in patients with juxtapapillary
      diverticula are caused by ascending infections to the bile ducts with intestinal
      beta-glucuronidase-producing bacteria. Beta-glucuronidase will split the
      conjugated bilirubin in bile into glucuronic acid and unconjugated bilirubin,
      which in turn combine with calcium to form insoluble calcium bilirubinate.

PMID- 6817412
TI  - [Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance].
AB  - In the majority of monoclonal gammopathies it is not possible to demonstrate an
      association with an underlying disease related to multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia, malignant lymphoma or amyloidosis. After a lapse of months to
      years, however, some patients will develop one of the diseases mentioned. Since
      no test can identify patients at risk, periodic controls of the M-component are
      necessary.

PMID- 6817413
TI  - [Incidence of accidentally discovered paraproteinemias among the patients of a
      hospital for internal diseases].
AB  - Covering a ten-year period (1970-1979), this retrospective study was performed to
      determine the frequency of unexpected paraproteinemia in hospitalized patients
      with various internal diseases. The survey was made possible by the fact that
      serum protein electrophoresis had been routinely performed in all patients upon
      admission. In 86 cases (0.66% of all admissions) monoclonal gammopathy was an
      unexpected finding. 5 out of these 86 cases (0.038% of all admissions) had
      malignant disease (2 patients with Bence Jones myeloma, 3 patients with
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia), and 3 more cases had lymphoproliferative
      syndromes. In all other cases the abnormal serum protein findings corresponded to
      asymptomatic ("benign") paraproteinemias when first detected. In addition, the
      following statistical parameters were analyzed: distribution among immunoglobulin
      classes; sex; and concomitant diseases. A critical evaluation was possible in 67
      cases of so-called idiopathic paraproteinemia.

PMID- 6817414
TI  - [TRH-TSH regulation in the aged and in patients with senile dementia].
AB  - TRH-TSH-thyroid regulation has been studied in clinically euthyroid elderly
      patients (average age 80 years) with senile dementia (27 women, 35 men) and
      normal controls (18 women, 10 men). TRH (40 mg) given by mouth did not stimulate
      TSH in one third of all subjects. Both sexes were equally affected. No relation
      to senile dementia or to goiter could be established. All groups, including the
      group without measurable TSH response (1 mE/1) showed an increase in peripheral
      thyroid hormone concentration after TRH. It is suggested that the low TSH
      response to TRH is a consequence of diminished pituitary responsiveness to TRH.
      Evaluation of thyroid function and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in the elderly
      after TRH should be carried out with great caution.

PMID- 6817415
TI  - [A modified Scholander gas analyzer].

PMID- 6817416
TI  - Observations on the levels of DDTs and PCBs in the central mediterranean.

PMID- 6817417
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of antithrombin III: a critical overview of currently
      available methods for antithrombin III measurements.

PMID- 6817418
TI  - [An experimental study of intraoral carcinogenesis, especially the changes in the
      plasma membrane and intercellular junctions in cancer formation and in squamous
      cell carcinoma].

PMID- 6817419
TI  - [The distribution in rats administered 74As subcutaneously and the effects of
      antidotes against arsenicals on this distribution].

PMID- 6817420
TI  - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning.

PMID- 6817421
TI  - Catastrophic health insurance and HMO's.
AB  - The catastrophic health insurance bills introduced during the 96th U.S. Congress
      failed to consider the current role that Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's)
      play in providing catastrophic protection and the potential negative impact such
      legislation may have on their competitive position. This article demonstrates
      that HMO's are providing this coverage by using the simulated health care
      expenditures for families in one HMO. The estimated proportion of families that
      incur catastrophic expenditures varies from 0.3 to 14.4% depending on the
      definition used for catastrophic. The paper closes with a discussion of the
      potential adverse impact that the legislation would have had on HMO's.

PMID- 6817422
TI  - [Determination of the economic efficiency of using reflexotherapy in peptic ulcer
      in the hospital].

PMID- 6817423
TI  - [Economic problems of improving the work of outpatient polyclinic institutions].

PMID- 6817424
TI  - Experiences and results of breast cancer trials over the past 20 years at the
      Johannesburg Hospitals.

PMID- 6817425
TI  - The stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension in Black patients.
AB  - The Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood
      Pressure (USA) has recommended the stepped-care approach to the treatment of
      hypertension. It should be modified in Black hypertensive patients on a cost
      effective basis. This is based on the following reasons: (i) beta-blockers are
      not as effective as diuretics in the treatment of Black hypertensive patients;
      (ii) Black hypertensive patients probably respond better to vasodilators; and
      (iii) the cost of therapy on a long-term basis in developing countries should be
      considered, and drugs such as reserpine will continue to play a valuable role.

PMID- 6817426
TI  - Socioeconomic variations in dental status and behavior of today's elderly.

PMID- 6817427
TI  - Physical properties of nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation equipment used in dentistry.
AB  - The breathing circuits in eight types of commercially available nitrous oxide
      oxygen sedation equipment, with and without gas scavenging devices in operation,
      were tested with respect to resistance to breathing, carbon dioxide retention and
      the dilution of the administered gas by fresh air drawn into the circuit. The
      equipment was designed for use in dentistry. Several of the systems had one or
      more of the following drawbacks: high resistance to high gas flow, carbon dioxide
      retention or dilution of the gas mixture by air, the functions being affected by
      the scavenging equipment. Only one modified circuit showed a high standard of
      performance in these respects.

PMID- 6817428
TI  - [Disaccharide-splitting enzymes in human dental plaque].

PMID- 6817429
TI  - [Heterogenicity of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6817431
TI  - [Indicators of the thyroid status in obesity depending on the types of the
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal system reaction].

PMID- 6817430
TI  - [Emergency conditions in endocrinology].

PMID- 6817432
TI  - [Emergency conditions in diabetes mellitus and their treatment].

PMID- 6817434
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of 2 regimens of low-dose insulin therapy in diabetic
      ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6817433
TI  - [Determination of the titer of pepsin agglutinin (homoreactant) for the
      evaluation of the course of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 6817435
TI  - Stimulation of gamma interferon production by TPA and related diterpene esters.

PMID- 6817436
TI  - Production and purification of the human interferon gamma (HuIFN-gamma).

PMID- 6817438
TI  - Approaches to the stabilization of interferons.
AB  - Considerable effort has been expended in the past few years toward establishing
      an armamentarium of different techniques to stabilize naturally produced alpha
      and beta-interferons, particularly the beta type in view of its greater lability.
      Of the techniques reported, it seems that addition of various proteins, rare
      earth salts, and use of acid pH conditions may be the most useful since they are
      relatively nontoxic and protect against both thermal and mechanical stress
      inactivation. Little has so far been reported on the stability of recombinant DNA
      derived interferons. It is unlikely that they will be any more stable when they
      are purified than the natural human interferons. To generate stable preparations
      of these bacteria-produced interferons for clinical use it is important to
      establish different nontoxic techniques and approaches to prevent inactivation of
      these interferons during preparation, processing, concentration, purification and
      storage.

PMID- 6817437
TI  - Characteristics of HuIFN-gamma and HuIFN-beta induced by mitogenic stimulation of
      human leukocytes.

PMID- 6817439
TI  - Effects of interferon on drug metabolism.
AB  - The induction and passive transfer of interferons have been shown to depress the
      level of cytochrome P-450 drug metabolism system of liver microsomes. Inducers of
      alpha or beta (Type I) interferons, such as Tilorone-HCl, statalon, mengovirus
      and others, suppressed the cytochrome P-450 system of rats or mice after
      administration. Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon also resulted in
      depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice. The gamma interferon was
      induced by sensitization of mice with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG followed by
      challenge with tuberculin. The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450
      system correlated with the levels of interferon induced. In addition, passive
      transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also resulted in depression of the murine
      cytochrome-450 system. The metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by
      cytochrome-450, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced. The
      metabolism of diphenylhydanoin was severely inhibited in mice which interferon
      was induced, and the level of inhibition correlated with the titer of gamma
      interferon induced. Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the
      metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6817440
TI  - Mechanism of induction of gamma interferon.

PMID- 6817442
TI  - Effect of glutaraldehyde fixation and valve constraint conditions on porcine
      aortic valve leaflet coaptation.
AB  - In an investigation of the influence of glutaraldehyde fixation pressure and
      subsequent valve constraint on the coaptive characteristics of porcine aortic
      valves, 14 valves were examined, eight having been fixed at low pressure
      (congruent to 1 mm Hg) and six at high pressure (80 mm Hg). The coaptive ratios
      of the left and right coronary leaflets in the low-pressure-fixed valves showed a
      significant improvement over those of the same leaflets in the high-pressure
      fixed valves. Inflation to 80 mm Hg results in a variable "peeling back" of the
      coaptive margins of the low-pressure-fixed valves but not of the high-pressure
      fixed valves. Comparable coaptive ratios are therefore expected during full
      inflation of the unconstrained valves fixed both at low pressure and at high
      pressure. Constraining the low-pressure-fixed valves during inflation to simulate
      the effect of mounting on a rigid stent produced either a reduction or virtual
      elimination of this "peeling back" motion or in some instances a slight reversal
      of the effect, thus increasing the width of the coaptive margin. Hence it is
      expected that the stented low-pressure-fixed valve will manifest better
      coaptation than the high-pressure-fixed valve. Finally, the experimental findings
      of this study, combined with the improved mechanical function of the leaflet
      tissue already known to occur in the low-pressure-treated valves, provide a
      convincing case for valve fixation to be carried out under lower pressures.

PMID- 6817441
TI  - Use of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope in diagnosis of sputum-negative
      pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - In four years' use of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope in diagnosing sputum
      negative pulmonary tuberculosis, of 275 patients with tuberculosis suspected from
      chest radiographic appearances, 89 (32.4%) were shown to have active disease. In
      60 (67.4%) of these patients the diagnosis was made from samples obtained through
      the fibreoptic bronchoscope (56 from bronchial brushings, four from
      transbronchial biopsy samples). Of the 56 positive bronchial brushings, 35 were
      positive on direct smear and 21 only on culture. Transbronchial biopsy
      exclusively accounted for only four of the 60 positive diagnoses. In the
      remaining 29 patients, the diagnosis was made from further sputum or biopsy
      specimens in 15, from the response to treatment in 12, and at necropsy in two. In
      six of 10 patients with military tuberculosis, bronchial brushings were positive
      on direct smear.

PMID- 6817443
TI  - In vivo interactions of autoantibodies to factor VIII with the factor VIII
      complex.
AB  - Two non-haemophilic elderly patients who had developed autoantibodies to factor
      VIII were studied over a period of 9 months to 5 years. Sequential measurements
      of antibody to factor VIII (anti-VII:C), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C),
      factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg), factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag),
      and factor VIII ristocetin cofactor (VIII:WF) were performed. Before treatment,
      low VIII:C, normal or increased VIII:CAg and high VIIIR:Ag levels were found and
      were indicative of the presence of circulating immune complexes.
      Immunosuppressive therapy induced progressive correction of VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag
      values. High levels of VIII:CAg subsided in the patient who relapsed. It is
      suggested that antibodies to factor VIII bind and remove VIII:C from the
      circulation thereby inducing an increased synthesis of VIII:CAg which may be
      associated with an augmented release or production of VIIIR:Ag.

PMID- 6817445
TI  - Characterization of factor VIII related protein synthesized by human endothelial
      cell: a study of structure and function.
AB  - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that factor VIII related protein (VIII R)
      synthesized in the human endothelial cell (EC-VIII R) had faster electrophoretic
      mobility than that secreted into the culture medium (MED-VIII R). Sodium dodecyl
      sulphate agarose gel electrophoresis followed by radioimmunofixation showed that
      EC-VIII R consisted of molecules varying from 0.26 x 10(6) to 3.76 x 10(6)
      daltons while MED-VIII R had molecules ranging from 0.93 x 10(6) to greater than
      10 x (10)6 daltons, similar to that present in plasma. The smallest VIII R
      molecule present in normal plasma or spent culture medium (0.93 x 10(6) daltons)
      corresponded to a tetramer of subunits of 0.22-0.24 x 10(6) daltons. Only
      molecular forms greater than 3.76 x 10(6) daltons possessed ristocetin cofactor
      activity. Sonication (15 mu amplitude for 30 secs) effectively broke the non
      covalent bonds of the VIII R multimers resulting in smaller molecules. Thus
      endothelial cells in culture synthesized VIII R subunits and assembled them into
      the higher multimeric forms on secretion. Different types of von Willebrand
      disease could result from defects of either of the two processes.

PMID- 6817444
TI  - The use of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) as a test of the fibrinolytic capacity of
      patients--analysis of responders and non-responders.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of desmopressin (DDAVP, 0.4 micrograms/kg b.w. in 12')
      causes an increase in the level of extrinsic plasminogen activator, measured in
      plasma euglobulin fractions with added C1-inactivator on fibrin plates. A poor
      response or no response at all was elicited in two out of 21 patients with
      spontaneous thrombosis, 18/38 with hyperlipoproteinaemia and 10/14 with terminal
      renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis. Haemodilution during the first 30'
      after starting the DDAVP-infusion occurred both in responders and in non
      responders; so did haemodynamic reactions: increase in heart rate, drop in
      diastolic blood pressure, facial flushing. The rise of fibrinolytic activity was
      shown not to be associated with decreased hepatic blood flow. Normal factor VIII
      rises in "non-responders" indicate the responsiveness of the receptive organs,
      including the hypothalamus, to DDAVP. Despite a normal baseline level of
      fibrinolytic activity in the blood, as occurs for instance in terminal renal
      insufficiency, the vascular endothelium may be refractory to stimulation. In some
      patients especially in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, a selective defect of the
      release of plasminogen activator is postulated. In subjects with low fibrinolytic
      activity at rest, as observed in spontaneous thromboembolism and in
      hypertriglyceridaemia, the failure to release plasminogen activator upon
      stimulation with DDAVP might be a consequence of an impairment of synthesis as
      well.

PMID- 6817447
TI  - Immune response induced by porcine factor VIII in severe hemophiliacs with
      antibody to F VIII.

PMID- 6817446
TI  - Rheo-optical shape analysis of human blood platelets.
AB  - Alterations in rheo-optical signals obtained from suspensions of human blood
      platelets treated in various ways (drugs, storage in the cold, stirring, etc.)
      were monitored. A self-normalizing instrument measuring scattered light and
      relative amplitude of rapid oscillation of light intensity (noise level) at
      different angles was used. The following results have been obtained: 1. The light
      scattered at an angle of 40 degrees was decreased with considerable selectivity
      by pseudopod formation, if aggregation was inhibited. 2. The noise levels at 0
      degree and 40 degrees were selectively diminished by the transition from the
      discoid to the spheroid shape of the platelets. 3. At 40 degrees but not at 0
      degree, the noise level responded without delay and was not influenced by
      aggregate formation. Using this method alterations in platelet form, i.e.
      spheroid transformation and pseudopod formation, can be specifically and
      continuously monitored. In addition, the noise level at 40 degrees is a definite
      quantitative measure of the discoid state. This allows the determination of
      platelet activation without manipulations such as changes in stirring rates or
      addition of drugs.

PMID- 6817448
TI  - Cryoaggregation of platelets in heparinized blood.

PMID- 6817450
TI  - Elevated lipid peroxide levels in platelets of chronic ischemic heart disease
      patients.
AB  - A significantly higher platelet malondialdehyde-like material (MDA--LM) content
      after physical and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) stimulation is found in chronic
      ischemic heart disease (CHD) patients when compared to the control group. In
      subjects under aspirin treatment "in vivo" (1 gr/day) no difference is found
      between CHD and control group. It is suggested that the enhanced amount of lipid
      peroxides in CHD platelets is produced by a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism.
      This enhanced platelet lipid peroxide production in CHD may be another platelet
      dependent risk factor for atherosclerosis in these patients.

PMID- 6817451
TI  - IgM anticoagulant with acquired abnormalities in factor VIII.
AB  - The effects of an IgM lupus anticoagulant on coagulation tests and factor VIII
      related antigen (FVIIR:Ag) were investigated on a 62 year old man with
      lymphocytic lymphoma. He experienced no abnormal bleeding despite a prothrombin
      time of 29 seconds, PTT 84 seconds and inhibition of multiple coagulation
      factors. One course of chemotherapy induced a clinical response, normalization of
      coagulation studies and a rapid fall in IgM from 1120 to less than 30 mg%.
      Studies revealed a monoclonal IgM, immediate-acting lupus anticoagulant. This IgM
      could not be shown to affect normal FVIIIR:Ag but the patient's FVIIIR:Ag was
      grossly abnormal on crossed immunoelectrophoresis with a normal and a rapidly
      migrating peak. The anodal component disappeared after chemotherapy. These
      studies suggest that the anticoagulant was temporally related to but did not
      cause the abnormality in FVIIIR:Ag. Such antibodies may occasionally serve as
      disease markers and may point out the disparity between coagulation tests and
      hemostasis.

PMID- 6817452
TI  - Platelet-mediated vascular contractions: inhibition of the serotonergic component
      by ketanserin.
AB  - In vitro stimulation of washed rat platelets (2.5 X  10(10)/1) with thrombin
      (0.002 U/1) as well as their activation on de-endothelialized vascular
      preparations, produced a strong contraction of isolated rat caudal arteries.
      Pharmacodissection and specific measurements of various mediators (5
      hydroxytryptamine, thromboxane B2, ATP) showed the platelet-mediated contraction
      to be mainly mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine, either by its direct effect or
      through amplification of prostaglandin-effects at the level of the vessel or the
      platelets. Platelet-mediated vasospastic episodes were effectively reduced by
      ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.

PMID- 6817449
TI  - Increases of leukocyte tissue factor activity stimulated by red cells sensitized
      with human blood group alloantibodies.
AB  - Human Rh+ and A+ red cells sensitized with human anti-Rh and anti-A blood group
      alloantibodies are shown to stimulate large increases of tissue factor activity
      as compared to controls after incubation with leukocytes for 3-18 hours. As
      little as a 1/1280 dilution of human anti-Rh serum was stimulatory.
      Immunospecific effects in experiments with 5 different antibodies exclude
      possible artifacts resulting from contaminants such as endotoxin. These results
      suggest that production of leukocyte tissue factor may be similarly stimulated by
      sensitized red cells during immune hemolysis and serve as an activator of
      coagulation.

PMID- 6817453
TI  - Nature of the anti-Xa activity induced by a heparin analogue (SSHA) in vivo.

PMID- 6817454
TI  - Studies on a form of alpha 2-antiplasmin in plasma which does not interact with
      the lysine-binding sites in plasminogen.
AB  - A method for the specific determination of a form of alpha 2-antiplasmin which
      does not interact with the lysine-binding sites in plasminogen (NPB-AP) has been
      elaborated. Basically, the method is an electroimmnoassay utilizing an
      intermediate gel, which adsorbs the plasminogen-binding form of alpha 2
      antiplasmin (PB-AP). The plasma concentration of NPB-AP in healthy individuals
      was determined as 0.40 mumol/1 +/- 0.14 (SD), constituting 35% +/- 11 (SD) of the
      total plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin concentration. During extensive plasmapheresis
      of two pregnant severely D-immunized women the NPB-AP form decreased
      significantly, while the PB-AP form increased, thus maintaining the total alpha 2
      antiplasmin at an almost constant level. The increased biosynthesis rate of alpha
      2-antiplasmin during the extensive plasmapheresis is thus accounted for by PB-AP
      indicating this form to be the one primarily synthesized and that the non-binding
      form is formed in plasma from PB-AP secondarily.

PMID- 6817455
TI  - Effects of growth hormone, glucose and insulin on the factor VIII complex.
AB  - The relationship of growth hormone (GH) to the factor VIII complex (VIIIC,
      VIIIRAg and VIIIRRCo) was investigated. No correlation between basal levels of GH
      and factor VIII assays was found in 23 subjects. No significant change in factor
      VIII assays was observed after GH suppression by oral glucose or bromocriptine.
      After insulin-induced hypoglycaemic all three factor VIII assays rose and fell in
      parallel with GH. However, after exercise the rise in VIIIC and VIIIRAg preceded
      the rise in GH; and no changes in factor VIII assays were observed after
      administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) (releasing endogenous GH)
      or exogenous GH. These findings do not support a role for GH in the regulation of
      plasma levels of VIIIC, VIIIRAg or VIIIRRCo.

PMID- 6817456
TI  - 3 Deazaadenosine and L-homocysteine inhibit platelet aggregation induced by
      collagen and convulxin through a phospholipase A2 independent mechanism.

PMID- 6817458
TI  - Rapid quantification of factor VIII R:AG by laser immunonephelometry : influence
      of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA).

PMID- 6817459
TI  - [Genital infections in the horse].

PMID- 6817457
TI  - Culture-produced subendothelium. II. Effect of plasma, F.VIIIR:WF and fibronectin
      on interaction of normal platelets with normal and von Willebrand porcine aortic
      subendothelium.
AB  - Culture-produced normal and von Willebrand (vWd) porcine aortic subendothelium
      (SE) was prepared on glass and fibronectin (FN)-coated surfaces. Washed porcine
      platelets reacted extensively with normal SE (on glass) as single adherent non
      spread and spread (5%) platelets, whereas vWd SE (on glass)-platelet interaction
      was decreased with no spreading. Normal porcine plasma increased normal SE
      platelet interaction 3 to 5-fold and spreading 5-fold (20-30%); vWd SE-platelet
      interaction was increased 2 to 4-fold with no spreading. vWd porcine plasma did
      not affect normal or vWd SE-platelet interaction or spreading. Purified porcine
      F.VIIIR:WF (0.5-2 U/ml) increased both normal and vWd SE-platelet interaction 2
      to 4-fold without increasing spreading. Purified human FN (50-200 micrograms/ml)
      did not increase normal of vWd SE-platelet interaction but increased spreading 5
      to 7-fold (25-35%) with normal SE. F.VIIIR:WF (2 U/ml) plus FN (200
      micrograms/ml) increased normal SE-platelet interaction 4 to 5-fold and spreading
      8 to 9-fold (41%) with extensive SE-associated microaggregate formation; vWd SE
      platelet interaction was increased about 6-fold with no spreading. Platelets
      reacted more extensively with normal and vWd SE prepared on FN-coated surfaces
      than SE on glass. Normal SE (on FN)-platelet interaction increased 6 to 7-fold
      and spreading 12-fold (60%); vWd SE (on FN)-platelet interaction increased about
      110-fold with about 10% spreading. Plasma (normal and vWd), and F.VIIIR:WF did
      not significantly increase normal or Vwd SE (on FN)-platelet interaction or
      spreading. Results suggest a possible role for FN as a spreading factor in SE
      platelet interactions.

PMID- 6817460
TI  - [Anthropozoonoses--diseases transmissible from humans to animals (3).
      Anthropozoonoses caused by fungi and viruses].

PMID- 6817461
TI  - [Veterinary tasks and preventive measures in sheep breeding. Infectious and
      invasive diseases of various degrees of importance].

PMID- 6817462
TI  - [Newly appearing virus diseases in animals and humans].

PMID- 6817463
TI  - [Fluorescence angiography in the dachshund. Further findings in Merle syndrome of
      the dog].

PMID- 6817464
TI  - [intrauterine infections and their prevention in the dog and cat].

PMID- 6817466
TI  - [Leucocytozoon infection in parakeets].

PMID- 6817465
TI  - [Methodology of hematologic and biochemical research on the rainbow trout].

PMID- 6817467
TI  - [Epilepsy. Clinical aspect and neuropathology].

PMID- 6817468
TI  - Immunochemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer using FT-207, adriamycin and OK
      432.
AB  - A combination therapy consisting of daily intrarectal administration of 1,500 mg
      of FT-207 suppository, daily or every three day bladder instillation of 40 mg
      adriamycin for a total of 20 applications, and once per week intramuscular
      administration of 5 KE OK-432 was described. The therapy was performed in 30
      cases of advanced bladder cancer. The effectiveness evaluated by Karnofsky's
      criteria was as follows: 8 cases of 0-0, 2 of 0-A, 1 of 0-B, 2 of 0-C, 7 of 1-A
      and 10 of 1-B, showing an effective rate of 57%. Local pain was observed in 20
      cases (67%), pancytopenia in 1 (3%), hepatitis in 4 (13%), stomatitis in 5 (17%)
      and anorexia in 6 (20%). From this clinical trial, it is presumed that
      combination therapy administering FT-207 intrarectally, adriamycin intravesically
      and OK-432 intramuscularly might be used for the treatment of advanced bladder
      cancer provided sufficient care is taken of general side effects.

PMID- 6817469
TI  - 2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl: distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the
      dog and the monkey.

PMID- 6817470
TI  - Experimental delayed-onset pulmonary sensitivity: identification of retest
      reactions in the lung.

PMID- 6817472
TI  - Changes of gaseous exchange in the lungs of mice exposed to nitrogen dioxide and
      their recovery process.
AB  - To elucidate the accurate effects of NO2 on gaseous exchange in the lungs of mice
      during and after NO2 exposure, O2 and CO2 concentrations in the respiratory gas
      and respiratory rate (RR) were measured using the head-enclosed method, and
      arterial blood pHa, Paco2 and Pao2, lung wet weight, and lung water content were
      also examined. The results of the present study indicate that the gaseous
      exchange in the lungs of mice exposed to 20 ppm NO2 was acutely inhibited during
      NO2 exposure from the 3rd to 24th h, but it recovered functionally to the control
      level on the 3rd day after NO2 exposure.

PMID- 6817471
TI  - Effect of cycloheximide on different stages of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Cycloheximide, an antibiotic inhibiting protein synthesis, exerted a toxic effect
      on different developmental stages egg, larva and adult of Drosophila
      melanogaster. At the egg stage the early embryos were most sensitive. With
      larvae, a strong decrease in viability was found, with no sex difference. In
      adults, there was a dose-effect relationship, mortality increasing with
      concentration. At 10 and 15 mM, males were more sensitive than females. There
      were consistent differences between the control and cycloheximide-fed females in
      respect of the average number of eggs deposited and offspring produced.

PMID- 6817473
TI  - PCB isomers and congeners: induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and
      ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase enzyme activities in rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - The effects of structure on the activity of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
      isomers and congeners as inducers of cytochrome P-448-dependent monooxygenases in
      rat hepatoma cell cultures was investigated. All the PCBs which have previously
      been classified as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducers in the immature
      male Wistar rat also induced benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin (ER)
      O-deethylase activity in the rat hepatoma H-4-II-E cells. The relative activities
      of the compounds were evaluated by comparing the doses required to half-maximally
      induce the two enzyme activities. The most potent PCB inducer, 3,3',4,4',5
      pentachlorobiphenyl, exhibited molar EC50 values of 2.48 X 10(-10) and 2.40 X 10(
      10) for the induction of ER O-deethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase enzyme
      activities, respectively. These values were only 3- to 4-fold lower than the data
      obtained for the highly toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The
      relative activities of the PCB congeners as inducers of cytochrome P-448
      dependent monooxygenase in vitro were similar to their potencies as microsomal
      enzyme inducers in the immature male rat.

PMID- 6817474
TI  - Report on blood access for hemodialysis in the Department of Transplantation,
      Tokai University School of Medicine and a satellite hospital.
AB  - There were 316 patients being treated by maintenance hemodialysis in the
      Department of Transplantation, Tokai University School of Medicine and its
      satellite hospital (Bohsei Clinic, Medical Treatment Cooperation, Showakai) as of
      December 31, 1981. Forty eight male (23.1%) and 39 female (35.7%) patients were
      operated on for external shunts. One case of external shunt was functioning well
      48 months later. No patient was dialysed through external shunts on December 31,
      1981 in our Department or the satellite. The majority of patients, who were
      maintained on hemodialysis with an arteriovenous (native vein) fistula available,
      experienced no difficulties. Nearly 50 percent of cases with the first fistula
      were functioning on December 31, 1981. There were some complications with
      fistulas such as pseudoaneurysms, infections, the sore thumb syndrome or the
      steal syndrome. We experienced 14 hemodialysis cases using expanded
      polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) grafts and one case using femoral artery
      repositioning as blood access.

PMID- 6817475
TI  - Prevalence of IgAl deposits in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis.
AB  - A study on the detection of IgA1, IgA2 and the J("joining") chain in glomeruli
      from renal biopsy specimens in patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP)
      nephritis is described. Renal biopsy specimens from five patients with HSP
      nephritis were stained with FITC-labelled anti-human IgA1, IgA2 and J chain, and
      then examined with a fluorescent microscope. IgA1 was detected in glomeruli from
      all patients with HSP nephritis examined in this study. IgA2 was not observed in
      any patients. These findings were similar to those for IgA nephropathy reported
      previously. Histopathological findings of glomeruli in HSP nephritis were almost
      identical to those in IgA nephropathy. The levels of serum IgA in patients with
      HSP nephritis increased as observed in IgA nephropathy. It is suggested that
      there are some immunopathological similarities between HSP nephritis and IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 6817476
TI  - Anti microbial agents used in dentistry. Part 1--Commonly used agents.

PMID- 6817477
TI  - [Clinical symptoms and high voltage therapy (electron therapy) of the vulvar
      carcinoma].
AB  - A report is given about the results of radiotherapy in 139 patients with vulvar
      carcinomas treated at the Radiologic University Hospital in Munster. This group
      of patients had undergone a very heterogenic preliminary treatment. Radiotherapy
      carried out mainly with 18 MeV electrons brought about a five-year survival rate
      of 58%. Due to the favorable action of the split course method, the incidence of
      side effects was very low regarding the total focal dose of 60 Gy (27% exudative
      reactions, 11% superficial ulcerations). Taking into account the unsurmountable
      difficulties caused by the high age of the patients and the numerous accompanying
      risk factors, the treatment results achieved during the last few years can
      probably only be gradually improved. After an operation performed as radically as
      possible, radiotherapy should aim at a low recurrence rate.

PMID- 6817478
TI  - [Optimum surgical staging and rational use of radiodiagnostic methods in case of
      ovarian carcinomas (stages III and IV)].
AB  - Pretherapeutic informations furnished by surgery and histopathology are of
      special importance for the local high voltage therapy of the operated ovarial
      carcinoma. The intraoperative state does not only confirm the diagnosis, but also
      reveals the full biologic extension of the tumor and, thus, the correct staging.
      Extensive supplementary radiodiagnostic examinations are necessary if the
      informations furnished by the surgeon are not complete. Between February 1977 and
      February 1981, we treated 55 patients suffering from ovarial carcinomas with a
      combined simultaneous radio-chemotherapy (45 patients with stage III and 10 with
      stage IV). The first operations had been performed at gynecologic departments of
      other hospitals in 60% of all cases, at surgical departments of other hospitals
      in 20% of all cases and at the II. Gynecologic Clinic of the University of Vienna
      in only 20% of all cases. The definitive staging was established by postoperative
      analyses of X-ray views of the chest, liver-spleen scintigrams, ultrasonic
      examination, computed tomography, lymphoscintigraphy and lymphography. 36 women
      were submitted to an early therapeutic second operation. It turned out that in
      most of all cases the retroperitoneal manifestations were correctly recognized by
      the different radiodiagnostic methods; histopathology was superior in only 8% of
      all cases. The rate of retroperitoneal metastases is 45% out of the total
      collective and 40% out of patients in stage III. With the therapy method applied,
      the survival time does not depend upon the retroperitoneal state as long as there
      are no tumor manifestations with a maximum diameter of more than 2 cm. The liver
      metastases described after the first operation do not necessarily correspond to
      such manifestations; often they are rather tumorous peritoneal layers. More
      attention should be given to the state of the subdiaphragmatic region, because
      manifestations in this region are an unfavorable diagnostic factor. Patients in
      stage III have possibly still curative chances. A careful surgical exploration
      and a close co-operation between surgery, histopathology, radiodiagnosis and
      clinical examination are not only a basis for a rational treatment but will also
      exempt patients from unnecessary or cumbersome examinations.

PMID- 6817479
TI  - A primary screen for drugs to prevent transmission of Chagas's disease during
      blood transfusion.
AB  - This paper describes how Microslide tubes can be used as the basis for a quick,
      simple, inexpensive screen to test for compounds which might prevent the
      transmission of Chagas's disease as a result of blood transfusion. The test uses
      Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mouse blood and requires only very small amounts of
      compound. The screen identifies compounds known to be active against blood
      trypomastigotes in vitro at 4 degrees C, and is apparently free of false negative
      and positive results.

PMID- 6817480
TI  - Recognition of allo-MHC antigens in the self-MHC context.

PMID- 6817481
TI  - Breast-feeding after renal transplantation.

PMID- 6817482
TI  - [The "functional mosaic nature" of bone marrow].

PMID- 6817483
TI  - Immunological studies with sulpholipids of mycobacteria.
AB  - Antibodies to sulpholipids of mycobacteria were produced in rabbits when injected
      as sulpholipid-MBSA complexes and were detected by kaolin agglutination and
      double diffusion techniques. Sulpholipid antibodies did not cross react with any
      other lipids of mycobacteria except cord-factor. The antigenicity of sulpholipids
      appears to be due to alpha-D-trehalose and sulphate groups. Guinea pigs immunized
      with sulpholipid-MBSA complexes showed partial protection against tuberculous
      infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, as revealed by mortality rate and score of
      lesions.

PMID- 6817485
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of the most immunologically reactive
      antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra culture filtrate.
AB  - The culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra was fractionated by
      ammonium sulphate precipitation, diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose-Sephadex A
      50 column chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to isolate the most antigenic tuberculoprotein. One protein,
      designated P2, was isolated and determined by immunodiffusion to be the most
      immunologically reactive antigen present in H37Ra culture filtrate. This protein
      had a molecular weight of about 22 000, a sedimentation constant of 2.2S and was
      present in Seibert's A, B, and C proteins.

PMID- 6817484
TI  - Circulating immunoglobulin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with
      special reference to IgE.
AB  - This study has demonstrated high levels of circulating IgE in a group of patients
      with pulmonary tuberculosis compared with a control group. There was little or no
      specific binding of circulating IgE to M. tuberculosis but when the serum was
      heated to 56 degrees C for 1 hour 5/20 of the patients investigated showed
      appreciable levels of binding. It is suggested that the IgE which binds to M.
      tuberculosis exists in a heat-labile complex with an anti IgE antibody and that
      this complex formation may represent a protective host mechanism.

PMID- 6817486
TI  - Failure to control tuberculosis: a personal view.

PMID- 6817487
TI  - Activity of amikacin against Mycobacteria in vitro and in murine tuberculosis.
AB  - Amikacin was found to be a potent inhibitor of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis in vitro. The drug was also active against some, but not all,
      strains of M. intracellulare, M. kansasii and rapidly growing mycobacteria in
      concentrations that may be attained clinically. Activity was independent of
      susceptibility or resistance of the isolates to commonly used antituberculosis
      agents. Groups of mice were infected intravenously with M. tuberculosis H37Rv and
      then treated daily with amikacin, streptomycin, isoniazid or kanamycin. One third
      of the mice in each group were killed 30, 60 and 90 days after infection. Extent
      of pulmonary disease was recorded and tubercle bacilli were enumerated in lungs.
      Isoniazid eradicated tubercle bacilli from the lungs within 90 days. The
      remaining drugs were suppressive. Amikacin was more efficacious than streptomycin
      or kanamycin given in equivalent or greater dosages. Because of its potent
      activity in vitro, efficacy in experimental tuberculosis and activity against
      drug resistant mycobacteria, amikacin merits further study as a potential
      therapeutic agent for tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 6817488
TI  - [Age-related changes in thyroxine regulation of the NADPH-dependent oxidative
      system in rat liver microsomes].
AB  - Age peculiarities of the thyroxin effect on oxidative microsome system are
      manifested at the level of different links of NADPH-dependent chain of electron
      transfer and are most pronounced relative to changes in the content of cytochrome
      P-450 and demethylase activity, which get considerably reduced with hyperthyrosis
      in the middle age. The aniline hydroxylase activity somehow increases with
      hyperthyrosis in young immature animals and is practically unchanged in adult and
      old ones. It is supposed that age peculiarities of the thyroid hormone action on
      the oxidation system in microsomes are determined to a consideralble extent by
      the level of androgens and depend on age changes in the reproductive function of
      the organism.

PMID- 6817489
TI  - [Phenobarbital-induced changes in enzyme activities of the microsomal oxidative
      system in the liver of normal rats of different ages and in rats with
      hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 6817490
TI  - [Resistance of gonoccocus and relevance of the resistance pattern for treatment].

PMID- 6817491
TI  - [The zinc depletion syndrome in a 5-year-old girl during prolonged total
      parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6817492
TI  - [Nitrogen balance. A clinical method of calculation of nitrogen excretion and the
      dosage of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6817493
TI  - Nongynecologic bladder and perivesical ultrasound.
AB  - Ultrasound is effective in evaluating pathologic entities in and around the
      urinary bladder. Abnormalities may be classified into 2 groups: lesions primarily
      affecting the bladder, including the bladder wall; and perivesical lesions, which
      secondarily affect the urinary tract. Intrinsic bladder diseases include
      inflammatory lesions, stones, and tumors, both primary and metastatic. Extrinsic
      perivesical abnormalities include lesions of the prostate, seminal vesicles,
      urethra, rectum, and perivesical soft tissues. Since the bladder is routinely
      visualized on pelvic ultrasonography, awareness and recognition of the ultrasonic
      appearance of disease in and around the urinary bladder can lead to more accurate
      diagnosis and detection of unsuspected disease.

PMID- 6817494
TI  - [Development of A. N. Filatov's ideas on the problem of parenteral feeding in
      surgery].

PMID- 6817495
TI  - [Enteral feeding following operations for cancer of the proximal portion of the
      stomach].

PMID- 6817496
TI  - [Infusion and transfusion support during thoracic interventions].

PMID- 6817497
TI  - [The epizootiological significance of positive bacteriological findings on
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in humans].
AB  - The relation between the active form of tuberculosis in persons working in
      agriculture and incidence of tuberculosis in cattle was analyzed in 1974 to 1978,
      i.e. in the period after the elimination of bovine tuberculosis in Czechoslovakia
      (in 1968). M. tuberculosis was isolated in 15 cases and M. bovis in four cases of
      persons employed by the farms on which the Regional Hygienic Station, Brno, was
      responsible for the microbiological diagnostics of tuberculosis. Direct contact
      with animals was demonstrated in eight patients; M. tuberculosis was isolated
      from seven of these patients and M. bovis from one. Seven cattle herds were
      exposed to spontaneous infection by M. tuberculosis and in one of them
      tuberculosis was not demonstrated during complex examination. In three herds the
      examination revealed only a sensitivity of cattle to mammalian tuberculin. In
      other three herds tuberculosis was detected by allergic tests, patho-anatomic
      examination and bacteriological examination. M. tuberculosis in cattle was
      detected in two herds. The occurrence of bovine tuberculosis caused by a cattle
      tender with a positive finding of M. bovis in sputum was demonstrated in one
      herd. Virulence for the tested cattle was found in one strain (isolated from a
      mesenterial lymph node of cattle) of the four strains of M. tuberculosis used for
      the experimental infection of 17 animals. On the other hand, in three strains of
      M. tuberculosis, trials with experimental infection demonstrated only allergy to
      mammalian tuberculin and changes at the sites of subcutaneous inoculation of
      mycobacteria of regressive nature; these mostly disappeared within 90 days from
      infection.

PMID- 6817498
TI  - [Immunization of young cattle against coccidiosis].

PMID- 6817499
TI  - [Free amino acids in the arterial and venous blood of milk cows with different
      milk production levels].
AB  - The cows with a higher production of milk had a lower content of free amino acids
      in their arterial blood (the difference was significant for lysine and phenyl
      alanine), as compared with the cows with a lower milk production level.
      Similarly, the high-performance cows had a higher content of free amino acids in
      their venous blood before milking (difference significant to highly significant
      for lysine, phenyl alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, cystine and alanine) and
      after milking (difference significant for lysine). Aspartic acid was the only
      amino acid contained at a higher amount in the blood of low-performance cows, the
      difference being partly significant after milking. The protein percentage was
      somewhat higher in the blood of less productive cows, particularly in venous
      blood before milking (insignificantly).

PMID- 6817500
TI  - [The dependence of vitamin A and E concentrations in blood plasma on nutrition
      and age of growing pigs].
AB  - Four experiments (duration 21 to 137 days) were conducted where 112 pigs were
      divided into ten groups and fed dry mixtures with different content of
      nitrogenous substances, vitamin A and E. The repeated determination of the
      content of these vitamins in blood plasma and in liver proved the dependence of
      the circulating vitamin A first of all on its present alimentary intake; in the
      case of vitamin E its content is related to the animal age. As sufficient intake
      of the complete COS mixtures (2.4 mg of retinol . kg-1), in the weaned 4-week
      piglets the concentration of vitamin A in blood plasma was increasing up to the
      maximum values. After transition to the complete mixture A 1 (0.6 mg of retinol
      .kg-1), and particularly after the following switching to SOL mixture (0 retinol
      content) the concentration of vitamin A decreased significantly (as a rule
      temporarily) up to the value of 0.6 mumol .1(-1), with sufficient reserve in
      liver. Lower values were determined only at the absence of vitamin A in A 1
      mixture; its content in liver (over the period of 117 days) decreased to the 14%
      of the state observed when feeding the complete mixture. Animal protein reduction
      in A 1 mixture led to the decrease in A vitamin level both in plasma and in
      liver. During one to six weeks after weaning of piglets the concentration of
      plasma vitamin E decreased approximately by two thirds, and, as a rule, only
      during the fourth month reached the value of 2.5 mumol .1(-1). The positive
      effect of the SOL mixture was observed. The increase in the vitamin E supplement
      in COS 2 mixture by 15 mg to the declared 30 mg reduced the decrease of
      tocopherolemia after weaning but did not prevent it. One-day starving before
      slaughter significantly decreased the vitamin A and slightly the vitamin E
      concentrations in plasma. The results are evaluated with respect to diagnostic
      applicability to blood plasma examination and with respect to the amount of
      vitamin supplements added to feed mixtures.

PMID- 6817501
TI  - [Heat dissipation through the floor in piglet housing].
AB  - Trials were performed in 1980 and 1981 to test a new methodical procedure of
      measuring heat flow with Alfameter and to evaluate the dissipation of heat via
      the floor in piglet finishing houses with three large pig herds. It was
      demonstrated during the period of the study that slatted floors dissipated much
      more heat from the house, as compared with solid floors. The comparison of the
      density of heat flow over steel slats and plastic slats showed that the plastic
      slats wasted less heat: in the winter season the difference was 65 to 125 W/m2
      and in summer 20 to 75 W/m2. In the houses with steel slats the comparison of
      heated and unheated lying place showed that the heat flow emitted from the lying
      place reduced the dissipation of heat via the slats.

PMID- 6817502
TI  - [The effect of qualitatively different nutritional intakes on the development of
      experimentally induced atypical mycobacteriosis and the appearance of indicators
      in pigs].
AB  - A single infection with the culture of M. intracellulare at a rate of 0.1 mg per
      kg of weight in pigs fed the A 1 and SOL mixtures and the subsequent development
      of clinically confirmed mycobacteriosis did not exert any significant influence
      on the performance of the animals, as compared with the non-infected animals. The
      metabolically determined coefficients of nutrient digestibility in the SOL
      mixture determined in the animals on the 70th and 91st days from infection were
      almost the same as those in non-infected animals. The absence of animal protein
      and biofactor supplement in experimental mixtures adversely affected the
      performance of the pigs but exerted no unfavourable influence on the development
      of atypical mycobacteriosis after the administration of 0.01 mg or 0.1 mg of the
      culture of M. intracellulare per kg of body weight. No elimination of atypical
      mycobacteria in the faeces was demonstrated in the groups fed mixtures with
      biofactor supplement. The feeding of infected pigs with the COS 2 and A 1
      mixtures, compared with the use of the experimental mixtures with a lower content
      of nitrogen compounds and vitamins and a higher content of fibre and energy,
      influenced the parameters of performance but did not result in a different patho
      anatomic and bacteriological picture after mass-scale infection (1 milligram of
      culture per kg of weight).

PMID- 6817503
TI  - [The importance of the infective dose, nutritional value of the feed and vitamin
      content for the susceptibility in pigs to Mycobacterium intracellulare].
AB  - The influence of infectious dose and nutrition on the pig susceptibility to
      Mycobacterium intracellulare, serotype 4, 8, was studied with 48 pigs--crossbreds
      LW X X L--divided into four equal groups. All groups of pigs were fed ad libitum
      by the mixture consisting of maize, wheat, barley, soybean meal, salt lick and
      MKP 1 mineral feed supplement. Individual groups were given different levels of
      meals of animal origin and biofactor supplements containing vitamins A, D2, B2,
      B12 and niacin. Single per os administration of the infectious dose of
      Mycobacterium intracellulare amounted to 0.01 or 0.1 mg of mycobacterial culture
      per one kg of live weight. The extent of patho-anatomical findings depended on
      the infection intensity. The infectious dose of 0.01 mg of the culture resulted
      in the changes in the form of exudative lymphadenitis with characteristic caseous
      degeneration in lymphatic glands only in three out of 24 pigs, i. e. in 12.5%. A
      tenfold dose of mycobacteria caused caseous lesions in the mandibular and
      intestinal glands in 50% out of 22 infected animals. The result of complex
      examination of the lymph glands proves the favourable effect of biofactor
      supplement on the resistance in pigs, particularly those infected with lower
      mycobacterial doses. Mycobacteriosis was proved in all experimental pigs fed the
      mixture containing no biofactor supplement. In the group of animals fed the
      mixture with biofactor supplement the result was positive in 66.6% of infected
      animals. It was observed that the biofactor supplement also had a positive
      influence on active excretion of M. intracellulare by faeces. In pigs infected
      with high dose of mycobacteria this excretion was proved in 27.2% of animals. In
      the pigs fed the mixture containing biofactor supplement, regardless of the
      infectious dose and amount of animal proteins, no elimination of mycobacteria by
      faeces was observed. Out of 14 pigs with the microscopic finding of tuberculosis
      in the lymph glands, the reaction with an induration diameter larger than 10 mm
      was found in eight animals, i. e. 57.2%, after intradermal tuberculinization with
      purified avian tuberculin after 74 days from infection.

PMID- 6817504
TI  - Comparison of serological tests used in three state veterinary laboratories to
      identify maedi-visna virus infection.
AB  - Three immunoassays used in Dutch, Belgian and British state veterinary
      laboratories for the detection of antibodies to maedi-visna virus were compared.
      These were an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect
      immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and an agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT). The
      results indicated that all three assays were of similar sensitivity and
      specificity with identical results being recorded for 91 of 100 samples. The
      results of the ELISA and the AGIDT produced the closest correlation with
      agreement in 97 of 100 samples. With the IIFT and the AGIDT there was agreement
      in 94 of 100 samples and with the ELISA and the IIFT in 91 of 100 samples.

PMID- 6817505
TI  - Changes in the liver copper content of Welsh mountain sheep after the injection
      of organic compounds of copper.
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of copper methionate, copper calcium edetate and copper
      oxyquinoline sulphonate were given to Welsh ewes in doses which provided amounts
      of copper ranging from 0 . 3 to 4 . 0 mg/kg bodyweight. The effect on the liver
      copper content was studied by analysing serial biopsy samples. The results
      suggest that a safer use of copper calcium edetate and a more efficacious use of
      copper oxyquinoline sulphate might be achieved by a reduction in the recommended
      dose of the former and an increase of the latter.

PMID- 6817506
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was elaborated for the detection of
      specific antibody to equine infectious anemia (EIA) antigen. Sera from horses
      experimentally infected with EIA virus were assayed by ELISA, complement fixation
      (CF) and immunodiffusion (ID) tests for antibody to EIA antigen. The ELISA
      technique was found to be much more sensitive than CF and ID tests. In addition,
      EIA specific antibody could be detected by ELISA at an earlier stage of infection
      than by CF or ID techniques. The applicability of the technique to diagnosis of
      EIA is discussed.

PMID- 6817507
TI  - A passive haemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma
      mycoides subsp. mycoides using glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - A simple passive haemagglutination test using the microtitre technique was
      developed for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.
      mycoides infection in cattle. Of the four different concentrations (0.1, 0.2,
      0.25 and 0.5%) of glutaraldehyde used for the fixation of sheep erythrocytes,
      antigens prepared with erythrocytes fixed with 0.2 and 0.25% concentrations of
      glutaraldehyde gave the best results. The test was found to be very practical,
      sensitive specific and reproducible. It also compares favourably with the
      complement fixation test.

PMID- 6817508
TI  - Presence of antigen sensitized leukocytes in carp (Cyprinus carpio L) following
      bath immunization against Flexibacter columnaris.
AB  - Bath immunization of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) resulted in protection of fish at
      natural challenge. Stimulation of leukocytes derived from thymus, spleen,
      anterior kidney and mid-kidney of fish immunized with Flexibacter columnaris
      bacterin revealed the presence of antigen sensitized cells in all lymphoid
      tissues except the anterior kidney. After 28 days a response was obtained in
      thymus and spleen leukocyte cultures.

PMID- 6817509
TI  - Antibodies to Brucella abortus in sera from Strain 19 vaccinated and non
      vaccinated cows as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
      conventional serologic methods.
AB  - The sensitivity of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was compared with 4 other
      serologic methods for detecting antibodies in B. abortus vaccinated and non
      vaccinated cows. Antibodies were detected by ELISA in sera from more than 93% of
      the culture positive cows, however, less than 55% of the infected animals were
      identified by any other serologic method. Similarly, antibodies were detected in
      82% of the culture negative cows by the ELISA method.

PMID- 6817510
TI  - [Sensitivity of Listeria strains to drugs and disinfectants].
AB  - Comparative studies were carried out with 8 antibiotics, furazolidon, and 9
      disinfection agents with regard to the sensitivity of a total of 14 strains of
      Listeria monocytogenes. The agents used were the most commonly employed ones in
      the practice in routinely applied concentrations. It was found that L.
      monocytogenes strains isolated from sheep had good sensitivity to the action of
      erythromycin, and penicillin, and were more slightly sensitive to
      chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tetracycline, and furazolidon. They were resistant
      to streptomycin and polymixin M. Good disinfection action against L.
      monocytogenes were shown to have formalin, phesiaform and partly phasiacept.
      Lower was the effect of sodium hydrate, proserine, and abosanite, while potassium
      permanganate, creolin, and chloramine did not show any bactericidal action.

PMID- 6817511
TI  - Variable protein composition of hepatitis B surface antigen from different
      donors.

PMID- 6817512
TI  - [Pathological functional reorganization of the bones of the lower extremities in
      young people].

PMID- 6817513
TI  - [Pathogenetic effect of the irritants].

PMID- 6817514
TI  - [Use of "dry" carbon dioxide baths in ischemic heart disease (postinfarct
      cardiosclerosis)].

PMID- 6817515
TI  - [Effect of carbon dioxide baths on cardiovascular function in ischemic heart
      disease in combination with hypertension].

PMID- 6817516
TI  - [Interaction of beta-mercaptoethylamine with the enzymatic system responsible for
      the biosynthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha].
AB  - After intraperitoneal administration of beta-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) into mice
      of F1 strain (CBA XC57B1) at a radioprotective dose, activity of PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha-synthetases was decreased in liver microsomes, testicular and brain
      supernatants (16,000xg) within 15 min, which corresponded to period of the
      highest radioprotector activity. Amount of newly synthesized prostaglandins was
      increased in liver tissue within the subsequent periods. Within 3 hrs after the
      radioprotector administration these amounts constituted for PGE2 246% and for
      PGF2 alpha 262% as compared with controls; at the same time, activity of PG
      synthetases in testes was normalized. In the brain tissue within 1 hr the newly
      synthesized prostaglandins amounted to 121% for PGE2 and 125% for PGF2 alpha,
      within 3 hrs they decreased to control values. Decrease in activity of PGE2 and
      PGF2 alpha-synthetases was shown to depend on MEA concentration in vitro.
      Possible mechanisms of the radioprotector effect at various steps of the
      prostaglandins biosynthesis are discussed.

PMID- 6817518
TI  - [Protein enpit in feeding of patients after surgery on the stomach].
AB  - Thirty-six patients operated on for peptic ulcer or pyloric stenosis received
      protein or low-lactose enpit via a probe in the early postoperative period.
      Twenty-four patients responded well to the intraintestinal nutrition, 6 patients
      satisfactorily, while the remaining 6 manifested dyspeptic disorders because of
      dynamic intestinal obstruction. In the control group (given beef-extract broth or
      decoction of dried apricots), 2 of the 13 subjects had phenomena of intestinal
      paresis. The nitrogenous balance in the patients given enpits was close to the
      state of equilibrium, whereas in the controls it was markedly negative. Enpit was
      found to be assimilable up to 92-95%. The authors discuss the importance of the
      level of protein and energy supply for reparative processes in the early
      postoperative period, the quality of the protein and specificity of caseins.

PMID- 6817519
TI  - A simple method for the rapid and selective absorption of warm-reactive
      erythrocyte autoantibodies from serum.
AB  - A new technique has been developed to absorb selectively autoantibodies from
      sera. Red cells maximally coated with IgG antibodies are subjected to
      discontinuous, combined density and pH gradient centrifugation. The method yields
      a large quantity of antibody-poor, intact red cells that retain antigenicity. Red
      cells prepared in this manner absorb antibody as efficiently as do uncoated red
      cells and nonspecific absorption does not occur. Preliminary studies show that
      the method can be used to identify alloantibodies present in the sera of patients
      with 'warm' antibody-induced hemolytic anemia because the sera can be absorbed
      free of autoantibodies.

PMID- 6817517
TI  - [Changes in the nitrogen-containing compounds and hydrolysis of proteins in rice
      grain with different protein content after prolonged storage].

PMID- 6817520
TI  - Placental transfer of Rh antibody (anti-D IgG) during pregnancy.
AB  - Anti-D levels in blood taken immediately postpartum from Rh-negative women who
      have been given antenatal Rh immune globulin and the anti-D levels in the cord
      blood of their babies were measured semiquantitatively by a low ionic polybrene
      Auto Analyzer technique. When both mother and baby were Rh-negative a comparison
      of their anti-D levels was made against the interval between injection of the
      passive anti-D and delivery. Mothers' levels decreased as the interval increased,
      the regression coefficient for 73 maternal sera was -0.74. The drop in levels of
      cord blood was much less than that of the mothers' levels. The regression
      coefficient was -0.294 for 74 cord sera (one set of twins). The marked difference
      between cord blood and maternal blood levels of anti-D at delivery supports the
      hypothesis that the transfer of IgG across the placenta is predominantly from
      mother to fetus and not from fetus to mother.

PMID- 6817521
TI  - An example of a naturally occurring anti-cE (Rh27) that binds complement.
AB  - A serum sample from a nontransfused male containing anti-Rh27 and an additional
      weakly reacting antibody was investigated. One absorption of the serum with RZR1
      cells left only anti-Rh27 while repeated absorption with R1R1 cells or autologous
      cells had no effect. Treatment of the serum with reducing agents destroyed all
      activity suggesting the antibody was predominantly IgM. Tests with monospecific
      antiglobulin reagents in the indirect antiglobulin test revealed very weak
      reactions with anti-IgM and anti-IgA, no reactions with anti-IgG, and strong
      reactions with anti-C3(C3c + C3d) and anti-C4. This is the first reported example
      of a naturally occurring complement binding anti-Rh27.

PMID- 6817523
TI  - Fisher's contribution to Rh.

PMID- 6817522
TI  - Patchy pattern observed in immunocytochemical tests with human anti-D sera and Rh
      D-positive cells.

PMID- 6817524
TI  - [Current theories on the pathogenesis of amyloidosis].

PMID- 6817525
TI  - WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations.

PMID- 6817526
TI  - Murine and epidemic typhus rickettsiae: how close is their relationship?
AB  - Typhus fever has occurred globally as epidemic and endemic disorders. In 1910,
      Brill reported a typhus-like illness which Zinsser and others determined to be
      recurrent epidemic typhus fever. Maxcy, in 1926, proposed rodents and fleas as
      reservoir and vector, respectively, of endemic typhus, which Dyer confirmed in
      1930. Animals experimentally infected with epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki)
      are immune to murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) and vice versa. Similar solid
      cross-immunity exists for humans. The two diseases are clinically similar in
      pathologic and serologic reactions. Human epidemic typhus presumably involved a
      man-louse-man cycle without an animal reservoir. This concept is now questioned.
      Antibodies to R. prowazeki have been reported in livestock in Africa, rats in
      Manila, and from flying squirrels and humans in the United States. R. prowazeki
      was recovered from blood specimens of goats, sheep, from ixodid ticks, louse, and
      flea-ectoparasites of flying squirrels, and tissues of flying squirrels. More
      than 20 cases of squirrel-related acute epidemic typhus have been reported in the
      United States. R. prowazeki has not been recovered from human cases. Chemical
      studies of R. prowazeki and R. typhi show genetic similarities but differences in
      genome size and degree of hybridization suggest that interconversions between the
      two agents do not occur rapidly in nature. It is proposed that, with time, their
      relatedness will become even closer.

PMID- 6817527
TI  - [Virus hepatitis infection in newborn infants].

PMID- 6817529
TI  - [Problems in the use of protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis for studies of protein
      nutritive value].
AB  - A survey has been provided about the possibilities of using the protozoon
      Tetrahymena in studies on the nutritional value of food proteins. The structure
      of the protozoon and the elementary requirements regarding its cultivation under
      laboratory conditions are described. Particular emphasis has been laid on a great
      many proposals concerning analytical methods. The variability of solutions in
      this field influences the variability of the results and thus the resulting
      consequences for research. The presence of technological additives in the
      investigated food protein reduces the possibility of using the protozoon
      considerably.

PMID- 6817528
TI  - [Theory and practice of perioperative trauma-adapted parenteral feeding].
AB  - In this paper we introduce a new perioperative infusion regime. We will discuss
      problems associated with the water and electrolyte metabolism and show the
      influence of pre- and postoperative beginning of an intravenous nutrition support
      on metabolic and hormonal changes after trauma. We also will show the influence
      of hypercaloric and trauma-adapted nutritional support on hormonal, metabolic and
      liver-specific enzyme changes after trauma.

PMID- 6817530
TI  - [Production of factor VIII preparations and their use in the substitution therapy
      of hemophilia A].
AB  - By means of the division of the conserved blood into cellular and plasmatic
      constituents it became possible to produce also plasma fractions with enriched
      coagulation factors. The factor-VIII-preparations got a particular importance for
      the substitution treatment of patients with haemophilia A, also under the
      viewpoint of the prophylaxis for the decrease of the frequency and the intensity
      of haemorrhages. Apart from the plasma fraction cryoprecipitate a preparation
      with a medium degree of enrichment on factor VIII could still be developed.
      However, with increasing enrichment the losses on factor VIII increase
      progressively. Despite the search for substances which substitute the factor VIII
      in the course of coagulation, release from the vascular wall and increase its
      activity, the substitution therapy with factor-VIII-preparations cannot be
      abandoned for the time being.

PMID- 6817531
TI  - Perinatal effects of cervical vibration.
AB  - Possible perinatal effects of elective cervical vibration during first-stage
      labor were studied in 20 subjects. Assessment of fetal status was based on
      biophysical and biochemical methods, whereas at birth the infant was evaluated
      clinically and biochemically. With the reservation required by the small sample
      it is concluded that cervical vibration by itself is perinatally safe.

PMID- 6817532
TI  - [Mechanical stress of osteophytes in the arthritic femur head].
AB  - Osteophytes of forty femoral heads with degenerative arthritis (dissecting room
      material) are investigated histologically and roentgenologically. The analysis of
      the covering cartilage and the cancellous bone structure supports the view that
      osteophytes are subject to pressing forces. It is discussed that osteophytes have
      an influence of the degree of stress in the joint. There are no morphological
      indications of a traction force acting upon the osteophytes.

PMID- 6817533
TI  - [Drug prevention of allergic bronchial asthma. Comparison of the protective
      effects of ketotifen and cromoglycic acid].

PMID- 6817534
TI  - [Genetics of the immunoglobulins: achievements and problems].

PMID- 6817535
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6817536
TI  - [Mechanisms of goal-directed reflex].

PMID- 6817537
TI  - [Combined treatment of women with chronic gonorrhea using gonovaccine,
      methyluracil and Ampiox].

PMID- 6817538
TI  - [Dose-response relations in the phosgene effect on humans and animals (literature
      study)].

PMID- 6817539
TI  - Formazans and tetrazolium salts as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and
      antiviral agents.
AB  - Fifteen 1-aryl-3-(3'-nitro-4'-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl formazans and five 3-aryl-5
      (3'-nitro-4'-methoxy phenyl)-2-phenyl tetrazolium bromides have been tested
      against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for their antibacterial and
      against Aspergillus flavus and Helminthosporium gramineum for their antifungal
      activities. Most of the compounds have shown promising antibacterial and
      antifungal action. These compounds were also found to exhibit significant
      antiviral activity against sunnhemp rosette virus in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
      plants in vivo as well as in vivo.

PMID- 6817540
TI  - Hexachlorophene. Secondary microorganism resistance to hexachlorophene.
      Conjugative transfer inhibition by the R-plasmid-coded resistance by
      hexachlorophene.
AB  - Strain resistance of the genus Escherichia, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas to
      hexachlorophene is inducible. Secondary resistance of the Gram-negative
      microorganisms to hexachlorophene is an inherited property of these strains.
      There are not any explicit differences of primary sensitivity to hexachlorophene
      between sensitive strains and those resistant to antibiotics. The secondary
      resistance level of Gram-negative microorganisms to hexachlorophene is also not
      dependent on the natural resistance (or sensitivity) of strains to antibiotics.
      Hexachlorophene, in concentration of 10 micrograms/ml of conjugation mixture,
      causes 100% inhibition of the conjugation transfer of the resistance determinants
      to antibiotics from tested strains with conjugative R-plasmid. The indirect
      secondary resistance conjugation transfer to hexachlorophene was verified in two
      cases. The resistance to hexachlorophene was transferred, coupled with resistance
      to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and streptomycin, from the Escherichia coli
      strains (No. 8) and Salmonella typhimurium (No. 4) to the recipient Escherichia
      coli strain K 12, SZK-Ec-329/74 (No. 2).

PMID- 6817541
TI  - Group and type distribution of beta-haemolytic streptococcus strains in Belgrade,
      Yugoslavia, 1973-1980.
AB  - Group and type differentiation by Griffith' method of agglutination was performed
      on 7514 haemolytic streptococcal strains isolated from patients with acute
      streptococcal infections. Thirteen different groups were found--the most frequent
      were groups A (63.0%), B (12.5%), C (8.1%) and G(2.5%). The group A was
      predominant among strains isolated from upper respiratory tract, but in later
      years the frequency of group A strains among streptococci causing respiratory
      infections was significantly lower. In every year of the study period the most
      prevalent group A types were T1, T2, T4, T12 and T28--only their relative
      distribution was changing in the course of time.

PMID- 6817543
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 6th workshop of the Virology Section of the
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Heidelberg, March 25-27,
      1982.

PMID- 6817542
TI  - [Induction of immune interferon by erythrogenic toxins A and B from Streptococcus
      pyogenes].
AB  - By interaction of streptococcal erythrogenic toxins A and B with chick embryo
      fibroblasts and human amnion (FL) cells an antiviral interferon-like factor was
      secreted. It inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis, vaccinia and
      Mengo viruses. The streptococcal toxin type B was 50 times more cytotoxic for
      both cell cultures in comparison with streptococcal toxin A. The maximum
      tolerated doses of the two types of streptococcal toxins induced approximately
      the same antiviral protection effect. The production curve of the antiviral
      factor showed a maximum at the 12th hour after incubation at 37 degrees C with
      graduate decrease up to the 24th hour using a 6 hours induction time. The
      interferons induced by the streptococcal erythrogenic toxins A and B were
      thermostable at 56 degrees C for 30 min and were partially destroyed at pH 2 as
      tested against Mengo virus in FL cells. The antiviral effect could be reversed by
      addition of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin A at the maximum tolerated dose
      simultaneously with the glycosylating inhibitors streptovirudin and D-glucosamine
      by 90 and 100 per cent, respectively.

PMID- 6817544
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro activity of new beta-lactams and aminoglycosides
      against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - In vitro susceptibility of 338 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
      twelve antipseudomonal antibiotics were determined. Correlation between
      antibiotic resistance and serotypes was also performed. It was shown that the
      newer beta-lactams cefsulodin, piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin had high
      biological activity against carbenicillin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The
      most active aminoglycosides against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa
      were amikacin and netilmicin. Carbenicillin-resistant strains were most
      frequently observed among serotypes 4, 11 and NT group, and gentamicin-resistant
      strains among serotypes 3, 11 and NT group.

PMID- 6817545
TI  - [Isolation and identification of Corynebacterium, Listeria and Erysipelothrix].

PMID- 6817546
TI  - [Identification of Gram negative rods and evaluation of their antibiotic
      sensitivity: comparison of the BIOTEST MHK/ID-system with the API 20E-system and
      the agar diffusion test].
AB  - BIOTEST MHK/ID is a new system for the identification of gramnegative
      fermentative and non fermentative rods and for the simultaneous determination of
      the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 15 antimicrobial drugs. Its
      identification system was compared with the API 20E kit. When the computer
      generated identification manuals for each of the systems were used 99.5% of the
      190 strains tested were identified. Of these identifications 98.4% were
      identical. Comparing the results of altogether 16 biochemical reactions 92.3%
      (table 4) were conformable. Considering each single test low agreement was found
      with the results of the Citrate-, Urea-, Voges-Proskauer- and Arginindehydrolase
      tests (76.8, 79.5, 85.3 and 86.8% agreement, respectively). The BIOTEST MHK/ID
      system yielded more positive reactions. But despite of these differences there
      was no influence on the accuracy in identifying the species. Thus, both systems
      must be considered equally suited to identify gramnegative rods. The results of
      both BIOTEST MHK/ID system (MIC-values) and the agardiffusion test (inhibition
      zone sizes) were transferred into the interpretative criteria "sensitive",
      "intermediate" and "resistant" (table 1) and compared for each strain. The
      overall-agreement amounted to 93.0% (table 7). With the MIC-test, however, more
      (7.2%) strains were found "intermediate" than with the agardiffusion test (3.1%,
      table 8).

PMID- 6817547
TI  - [Detection of chemotherapeutic agents in clinical specimens with Bacillus
      subtilis strain ATCC 6633].
AB  - The lowest concentrations (in microgram/ml) of 27 selected antimicrobial drugs
      detectable with a semi-standardized inoculum of Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC
      6633 were determined on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. These data might supplement
      the recently published recommendations for the bacteriological workup of clinical
      urine specimens.

PMID- 6817548
TI  - A new electrophysical method for rapid detection of exudative porcine muscle.

PMID- 6817549
TI  - [Model for saving animals from sacrifice using as an example sulphonamide
      excretion in rats. 3. Studies with sulfonamides].

PMID- 6817550
TI  - [Effect of the period of the day on the pharmacodynamics of sulfadimidine in
      chickens. 4. Studies on sulfonamides].

PMID- 6817551
TI  - Histological evidence for pathological changes in the optic disc and retina
      associated with tracheal by-pass breathing in sheep.

PMID- 6817552
TI  - Histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the apocrine glands of the scrotal
      skin of the goat.

PMID- 6817553
TI  - [Histological lesions and changes in the plasma of sheep experimentally poisoned
      with Vestia lycioidea].

PMID- 6817554
TI  - [Generalized amyloidosis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
      following infection with Echinococcus multilocularis larvae].

PMID- 6817555
TI  - [Ejaculate changes in steers with positive evidence of Mycoplasma].

PMID- 6817556
TI  - Plasma inorganic phosphorus and calcium concentrations in sheep with experimental
      phosphorus deficiency.

PMID- 6817557
TI  - Different haemolytic activities of Listeria monocytogenes strains determined on
      erythrocytes of various sources and exploiting the synergism of equi-factor.

PMID- 6817558
TI  - [Use of transformation for mapping the chromosomes of microorganisms].

PMID- 6817559
TI  - [Cell-free Pseudomonas vaccine. IV. Laboratory trials of the effectiveness of
      experimental Pseudomonas vaccines].
AB  - Partially purified water-soluble cellular protein antigens have been obtained
      from 2 newly isolated P. aeruginosa strains and 1 museum P. aeruginosa strain,
      belonging to immunotypes 2, 3 and 7, by the method of preparative
      ultracentrifugation. Such trivalent P. aeruginosa vaccine (PV) has proved to be
      effective in direct and cross experiments of the active protection of mice. The
      method of ultrafiltration has been used to prepare monovalent PV from a newly
      isolated strain belonging to immunotype 3/7. This monovalent PV has been found to
      stimulate immunity to infection with homologous or heterologous P. aeruginosa
      strains in mice. The comparison of the results obtained in the study of PV
      prepared by the methods of ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration suggests that
      both these methods for the isolation and purification of P. aeruginosa protective
      protein antigens are equally effective.

PMID- 6817560
TI  - [Experimental effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin on the permeability of
      the microcirculatory bed of organs and tissues].
AB  - Experimental study with the use of 131I-albumin has revealed changes in the micro
      circulatory blood channel and in the permeability of the blood vessels for
      albumin under the conditions of pyocyanic intoxication caused partly by purified
      P. aeruginosa exotoxin.

PMID- 6817561
TI  - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin].
AB  - Different P. aeruginosa strains have been found to differ in exotoxin synthesis.
      The strain isolated at the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera
      (Moscow) and newly isolated cultures obtained from patients with the severe
      course of the infectious process have been found to possess the highest toxigenic
      activity and to synthesize exotoxins with the most complete set of pathogenically
      important antigens. The technological scheme for the production of stable
      exotoxin which can be used for the development of diagnostic, therapeutic and
      prophylactic preparations against Pseudomonas infections is proposed.

PMID- 6817562
TI  - [Determination of the optimal inoculation dose of Brucella chemical vaccine].
AB  - Brucellosis chemical vaccine, when injected intramuscularly, proved to be low
      reactogenic, postvaccinal reactions, both systemic and local, becoming less
      frequent and intense with the decrease of the dose from 2 to 0.5 mg. The highest
      antigenic and immunogenic activity was observed with a dose of 1 mg; out of 4
      tested doses this dose produced the highest percentage of seroconversions, the
      highest titers of agglutinins and the longest time of their persistence in the
      subjects. When introduced in doses of up to 2 mg, brucellosis chemical vaccine
      did not induce pronounced sensitization. A high degree of correlation between the
      indices of seroconversion frequency in Wright's agglutination test and
      Huddleson's test was established after vaccination with all tested doses. This
      fact indicates that one of these tests can be used for the assessment of the
      antigenic and immunogenic activity of the vaccine at an early period after
      immunization (the term of observation not exceeding 3 months). On the basis of
      the complex comparison of the indices characterizing the reactogenicity and the
      antigenic and immunogenic activity of 4 tested doses of brucellosis chemical
      vaccine a dose of 1 mg was chosen as the optimum vaccination dose.

PMID- 6817563
TI  - [Antigenic relations of meningococcal serogroups Z and 29E].
AB  - Antigenic relations between meningococci, serogroups Z and 29E, have been studied
      with the use of serological methods. The thermolabile fractions of meningococci
      belonging to the above serogroups have been shown to contain common antigenic
      determinants which ensure the presence of serological cross reactions. Cross
      reacting precipitating and agglutinating antibodies can be completely removed by
      the adsorption of meningococcal antisera, serogroups Z and 29E, with the cultures
      of heterologous serogroups. In the antisera adsorbed by meningococci belonging to
      heterologous groups a decrease in the titers of agglutinins, hemagglutinins and
      precipitins, particularly pronounced in adsorbed serogroup 29E antisera, has been
      observed.

PMID- 6817564
TI  - [Characteristics of the viral and bacterial associations in acute pneumonias in
      children].
AB  - The results obtained in the study of children with acute pneumonia in Frunze (761
      live patients and 125 children who had died of this disease) revealed the
      prevalence of viro-bacterial associations: they were detected in 72.4% of cases
      of acute pneumonia without lethal termination and in 100% of cases with lethal
      termination. Most of the pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria isolated from the
      live patients with acute pneumonia were associated with influenza, parainfluenza
      and adenovirus infections, while in the children who had died of this disease
      mixed viro-viral or viro-mycoplasmic associations prevailed. Viro-bacterial
      associations detected in children with acute pneumonia comprised most frequently
      influenza, infection in the cold season and adenovirus and mycoplasmic infections
      in the warm season.

PMID- 6817565
TI  - [Genetics of the immune response of Karakul sheep immunized with E. coli and
      Salmonella vaccines. I. Individual differences in the immune response].
AB  - The capacity for immune response after immunization with E. coli and Salmonella
      vaccines has been analyzed in a population of astrakhan sheep, depending on their
      genotype. Sharply defined individual differences in immune response to the same
      antigen have been shown, and oppositely reacting animals have been selected.
      Among the animals showing highly pronounced reaction to one antigen (E. coli) the
      presence of the animals with a low level of reaction to the other antigen
      (Salmonella), and vice versa, has been established.

PMID- 6817566
TI  - [Criteria of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal infection].
AB  - The results of studies carried out with the use of the unified, specially
      developed methods in eight regions of the USSR are generalized. Basing on the
      analysis of the results, the leading role of serogroup A meningococci in the rise
      of morbidity is emphasized, the relation of the morbidity level to the serogroup
      composition of meningococci circulating among healthy population is revealed, the
      necessity of carrying out selective bacteriological surveys with a view to
      establish the serogroups of meningococci circulating among the population is
      shown. The expedient criteria to be used in the system of epidemiological
      surveillance of meningococcal infection are presented.

PMID- 6817567
TI  - Studies on the labelling of terpenoids in shoots and cells or protoplasts from
      Calendula officinalis leaves.
AB  - 1. From the leaves of Calendula officinalis, homogeneous preparations of isolated
      cells and protoplasts have been obtained which effectively synthesized terpenoid
      compounds from [1-14C]acetate. 2. The quantitative determinations have shown that
      the level of sterols, beta-amyrin and oleanolic acid was similar in shoots,
      isolated cells and protoplasts but the level of polyprenols was the highest in
      shoots, lower in cells and the lowest in protoplasts. 3. The determination of the
      dynamics of labelling with radioactive acetate has shown that sterols are
      labelled at a similar rate in shoots, cells and protoplasts, whereas the
      labelling of beta-amyrin, oleanolic acid and polyprenols is delayed in cells and
      protoplasts as compared with shoots. The labelling of beta-amyrin and oleanolic
      acid reached eventually the level observed in the shoots, but the labelling of
      polyprenols at this time was twice as high in the cells and protoplasts as in the
      shoots.

PMID- 6817568
TI  - Metabolic studies in severe burns. Clinical features, routine biochemical
      analyses, nitrogen balance and metabolic rate.
AB  - The effects of two isocaloric regimens for parenteral nutrition were compared on
      days 2 to 8 after severe burns in 16 patients. Energy expenditure, plasma
      catecholamines, biochemical variables and N-balance were measured. The 8 patients
      in group I, with mean burn size 55/25%, received fat and glucose, while the 8 in
      group II, mean burn size 60/40%, were given 24 g amino acid nitrogen daily in
      addition to the fat and glucose. The mean metabolic rate on days 2-8 after
      burning was 70 +/- 7 and 69 +/- 5 kcal/m2/h in groups I and II, respectively. The
      mean values for plasma noradrenaline in the same period were 8.35 +/- 0.89 and
      7.9 +/- 0.77 nmol/l. The biochemical changes showed a pattern typical of burns.
      There were no intergroup differences except for urea, which was significantly
      higher in the group (II) receiving amino acids. The cumulative N-balance was
      markedly less negative 8 days after trauma (-24 g N +/- 8 g) in group II than in
      group I (-100 g N +/- 10 g). These results indicate that a high nitrogen intake,
      together with adequate energy supply, improves the N-balance significantly in the
      early post-burn period. The high-energy supply from fat and glucose did not seem
      to cause the patients additional stress.

PMID- 6817569
TI  - Increased neutrophil peroxidase activity in acute myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - A case of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (M2 type) is described in which the
      neutrophil population contained markedly increased peroxidase activity. The
      increased peroxidase activity was initially detected during routine counting with
      the Hemalog D automated differential counter and the increased enzyme staining
      was confirmed by manual and ultrastructural cytochemistry. The abnormal
      neutrophil population persisted after blast cells had disappeared from the blood
      and until marrow hypoplasia was induced by chemotherapy. When remission emerged,
      the peroxidase activity of the neutrophil population was normal. At subsequent
      relapse, the neutrophil population with increased peroxidase activity reappeared
      and with the induction of second remission neutrophil peroxidase again returned
      to normal. In 8 other cases where sufficient neutrophils were present for
      analysis by the Hemalog D, neutrophil peroxidase was normal or not increased in 7
      cases, but was markedly reduced in 1 case of AML (M6 type). It is suggested that
      abnormalities of neutrophil peroxidase activity detected by the Hemalog D may
      serve as useful leukaemic markers.

PMID- 6817570
TI  - Autoimmune haemolysis associated with Donath-Landsteiner antibodies.
AB  - The clinical pattern of haemolysis associated with Donath-Landsteiner antibodies
      has undergone a change over the years. In the current study 13 patients developed
      the acute form of the disease whilst only 1 presented with the classical picture
      of chronic paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria. The acute illness typically occurred
      in young children with a male predominance of about 2.5:1; 10 patients were less
      than 5 years old. There was often a history of a preceding infection, the onset
      was sudden, prostration, haemoglobinuria and pallor were prominent. The patients
      were very ill but rapid and complete recovery usually occurred within a few days;
      however, 1 patient died. Treatment consisted of rest and warmth; in addition
      blood transfusion was needed in 7 patients. The chronic disease (which was non
      syphilitic in origin) followed a benign course, warmth and avoidance of cold
      being all that were necessary to maintain the patient's well-being. It is felt
      that the general term for this disorder should be Donath-Landsteiner haemolysis
      rather than the traditional paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria.

PMID- 6817571
TI  - Ultrastructural and functional studies on human platelets incubated with
      diclofenac sodium (Voltaren).
AB  - The in vitro effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) on the ultrastructure of
      healthy donors' platelets was examined and compared with those induced by aspirin
      (ASA). In distinction to ASA, which causes loss of platelet pseudopodia, Voltaren
      induced an increase and marked elongation of these pseudopodia. The implication
      of this finding in the explanation of the decreased platelet aggregation caused
      by the drug is discussed. Voltaren increased the phagocytotic activity of the
      individual platelet, although the overall ability of the cells to phagocytize
      latex particles was not markedly increased. Platelets incubated with Voltaren
      showed a decrease in their total protein synthesizing capacity. Voltaren did not
      exert any effect on the internal ultrastructure, platelet factor 3, and calcium
      content of the incubated platelets.

PMID- 6817572
TI  - Co-occurrence of albumin complexes with IgE and IgG in the serum of an IgE
      myeloma patient.
AB  - The serum of a patient with a clinically and immunologically identified multiple
      myeloma of the IgE class was found to contain both IgE-albumin and IgG-albumin
      complexes. These complexes were partially purified and some of their properties
      studied by biochemical and immunochemical methods. The IgG-albumin interaction
      was dissociated by 5.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, while the IgE-albumin
      interaction was dissociated upon reduction by mercaptoethanol, suggesting that
      the proteins were linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds. Complex formation
      between pathological or normal immunoglobulins with albumin have been reported
      for IgG, IgM and IgA but not for IgD or IgE. The present observation seems to be
      the first in which an IgE myeloma protein was involved.

PMID- 6817573
TI  - Serum transcobalamins in healthy Nigerian children.
AB  - The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UB12BC) and the three
      transcobalamins (TC I, TC II, TC III) have been studied in the serum of normal
      healthy Nigerian children. The serum UB12BC level was very high in the children:
      TC I accounted for 39.5% of UB12BC, TC II accounted for 49.5% and TC III
      accounted for 11%. The results are discussed in the light of the variations in
      the distribution of transcobalamins in children from what has been previously
      reported among the African adults. The high percentage of TC I in the children is
      discussed in the light of a possible immunological role of this transcobalamin.
      There was an inverse relationship between TC I and TC II levels. A sex difference
      in UB12BC and TC I levels was observed. The girls had higher UB12BC and this was
      due to higher TC I, but the advantage of this is not clear.

PMID- 6817574
TI  - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 6817575
TI  - Technique for human bone marrow harvest.
AB  - The usual technique of harvesting bone marrow for allogeneic or autologous
      transplantation involves passage of the marrow suspension through discs of
      stainless steel mesh of increasingly small diameter. We describe a sterile
      technique which is much less messy and produces a single cell suspension. Potter
      Elvehjem homogenizers are used to break up the marrow particles. This procedure
      has been used successfully in 6 patients where allogeneic transplantation was
      performed and in 6 harvests of autologous marrow. Marrow cryopreserved in this
      way contains viable committed stem cells and is not subject to agglutination
      following subsequent thawing.

PMID- 6817576
TI  - Zinc and copper status in hemoglobin H disease and beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E
      disease.
AB  - The plasma zinc and copper and urinary zinc levels were determined by an atomic
      absorption spectrophotometer technic in 14 patients with hemoglobin (Hb) H
      disease, 34 patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease and 30 control subjects.
      Plasma zinc levels were lower and the plasma copper levels were higher in the
      patients than in controls. The plasma Cu:Zn ratios, a more valuable indicator of
      body zinc status, increased in the diseased subjects, indicating zinc deficiency.
      Higher urinary zinc levels in the both Hb H disease and 30 control subjects.
      Plasma zinc levels were lower and the plasma copper levels were higher in the
      patients than in controls. The plasma Cu:Zn ratios, a more valuable indicator of
      body zinc status, increased in the diseased subjects, indicating zinc deficiency.
      Higher urinary zinc levels in the both Hb H disease and 30 control subjects.
      Plasma zinc levels were lower and the plasma copper levels were higher in the
      patients than in controls. The plasma Cu:Zn ratios, a more valuable indicator of
      body zinc status, increased in the diseased subjects, indicating zinc deficiency.
      Higher urinary zinc levels in the both Hb H disease and beta-thalassemia/Hb E
      disease suggest that chronic hemolysis is responsible for hyperzincuria leading
      to zinc deficiency. The thalassemic patients with undergrowth had higher plasma
      Cu:Zn ratios than the patients with normal development, indicating a more severe
      zinc deficiency in the former.

PMID- 6817577
TI  - Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia in 4 siblings of a Libyan family--autosomal
      inheritance.
AB  - Most of the hereditary sideroblastic anaemias are inherited as x-linked recessive
      traits and are often pyridoxine responsive. The present paper describes the
      classical features of sideroblastic anaemia in 2 male and 2 female siblings of a
      Libyan family. All 4 children had severe anaemia and moderate hepato
      splenomegaly. The equal severity of the disease in all 4 family members suggests
      autosomal inheritance.

PMID- 6817578
TI  - Red cell antigens in Nigerian paediatric sickle cell anaemics.
AB  - Some of the constant characteristics of Mendelian autosomal dominant diseases are
      non-penetrance and variable expressivity. However, sickle cell anaemia (SSA) is
      probably unique among the autosomal recessive diseases in the variable
      expressivity of its natural history. It therefore seems likely that other factors
      extraneous to the sickle gene locus may play a part in full phenotypic expression
      of SSA. To find out the possible role of red cell antigens in the variable
      expressivity of SSA, ABO and Rhesus antigens have been determined in 200
      electrophoretically confirmed Hb SS patients and 250 sex- and age-matched Hb AA
      controls: the Hb SS group was subsequently divided into 'mild' and 'severe'
      sicklers and the results analysed. There were no statistically significant
      differences in the ABO and Rhesus blood group antigen distributions between the
      sicklers and Hb AA controls. There were also no correlations between the severity
      of the Hb SS disease and either the ABO or Rhesus group distributions. We
      conclude from these studies that ABO or Rhesus blood group antigens do not have
      significant moderating effect on the natural history of SSA.

PMID- 6817579
TI  - Oxygen concentration and factor VIII Procoagulant activity.

PMID- 6817580
TI  - Combined congenital deficiency of factor V and factor VIII.

PMID- 6817581
TI  - Adverse effects of intramuscular iron injection.

PMID- 6817582
TI  - Cold urticaria: an unusual manifestation of histiocytic lymphoma.

PMID- 6817584
TI  - Aspirin in sickle-cell anaemia.

PMID- 6817583
TI  - Transient remission of immune thrombocytopenia during acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6817585
TI  - Cyto- and myeloarchitectural studies on the lateral tuberal nucleus in simian
      Callithricidae and Prosimiae.
AB  - The cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN)
      were examined in five species of Callithricidae and in 21 species of Prosimiae.
      In this study, the LTN of the Callithricidae is described in detail and the LTN
      of prosimian Lemuriformes is clearly demonstrated for the first time. The LTN
      could not be detected in other prosimians, Lorisiformes, Tarsiformes and
      Tupaiiformes. In coronal sections, the LTN of Callithricidae is a round nucleus
      embedded within the longitudinal fiber bundles in the lateral hypothalamic area.
      The cytological characteristics and the rostracaudal extent of the nucleus are
      the same as in the LTN of higher primates and man. In prosimian Lemuriformes
      (Daubentonia madagascariensis, all Indrioidea examined and some Lemuroidea), the
      LTN is similar to that of the Callithricidae, although it is smaller and less
      prominent.

PMID- 6817586
TI  - [Post-traumatic epilepsy. Analysis of 70 cases].
AB  - A retrospective study of 70 cases of posttramatic epilepsy is undertaken. The
      clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics are analyzed and it is
      emphasized: (1) The predominance of generalized seizures over focal fits, and
      among these last, the higher incidence of motor seizures are stressed. (2) The
      incidence of early seizures was of 5% in this series. (3) The occurrence of
      epilepsy usually was within 2 years after head injury. (4) Frequent correlation
      between the clinical course and the EEG is noted. A brief bibliographical review
      on the subject is presented, and the importance of a prospective study in the
      value of anticonvulsive drugs in prevention of posttramatic epilepsy is
      underlined.

PMID- 6817587
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in human cerebral tumors. Part 1. Biochemical findings.

PMID- 6817588
TI  - Isolation of aerobic bacteria from the placenta.
AB  - Cultures for aerobic bacteria were prepared from 353 placentas. Specimens were
      taken from the chorion after removing the amnion. The specimens were immersed
      into Stuart transport medium. Microscopic examination of the placenta and
      cultures from the throat and ear of newborns were also done. The rate of positive
      bacterial cultures was 16%. Chorioamnionitis was found in 15%. The proportion of
      chorioamnionitis caused by aerobic bacteria was 44%. The rate of positive
      bacterial cultures from the placenta in the group of newborns with clinical signs
      of intrauterine infection was 63%. Bacteria can be present on the chorionic plate
      without any histological evidence of chorioamnionitis. Bacteriological
      examination of the placenta is therefore mandatory when amniotic fluid infection
      is suspected.

PMID- 6817589
TI  - Meconium screening for cystic fibrosis. An eight-year follow-up study.
AB  - The results of more than eight years of screening for cystic fibrosis (CF),
      utilizing the albumin concentration in meconium, are reported. Over 28 000
      meconium samples were tested, over 24 000 of them by the Boehringer-Mannheim
      strip test, and all samples considered as showing a trace or positive result were
      followed up by an immunological technique. Eight-three meconium samples contained
      more than 20 g albumin/kg dry weight meconium and five of these were from
      children who were found to have CF. One child with CF was missed in the
      screening. From these figures the sensitivity of the method for detecting CF
      children at birth was calculated to be 75%, the specificity 99.7%, the negative
      predictive value 100%, the positive predictive value 4.0% and the incidence of CF
      in Sweden about 1:4,500. The incidence of pathologically elevated meconium
      albumin concentrations was found to be 25 times higher in premature than in full
      term infants. Since the number of false positive results creates a problem, we
      suggest that premature children (birth weight less than 2500 g) and newborns with
      melaena should be excluded from further follow-up studies.

PMID- 6817591
TI  - Effect of fasting on the metabolism in rat aorta.
AB  - The oxidation of 14C-labelled glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and palmitate to CO2
      and the incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acid into alkali-soluble protein were
      studied in aorta from fed and fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighting about
      200 g. Substrate oxidation and amino acid incorporation were measured during
      incubation of rat aorta in vitro for 2-3 h. After fasting for 6 h there was a
      slight but significant increase in the plasma concentration of beta
      hydroxybutyrate. Blood glucose was lowered after 12 h while an increase in the
      plasma concentration of free fatty acids was found after 24 h. A decrease in the
      oxidation of glucose in rat aorta was found after fasting for 12 h and with
      prolonged fasting a further decrease in the aortic glucose oxidation was found.
      After fasting for 4 days the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate and the
      incorporation of 14C-leucine and 14C-phenylalanine into protein were reduced in
      rat aorta while the oxidation of palmitate was not altered. The effects of
      fasting on substrate oxidation and amino acid incorporation in rat aorta, found
      in this study are similar to the known effects of diabetes on vascular
      metabolism.

PMID- 6817590
TI  - Brain oedema in neonatal seizures: the value of computed tomography in the early
      diagnosis and follow-up.

PMID- 6817592
TI  - [Studies on pyrazine derivatives. XV. Synthesis and tuberculostatic effect of
      imidazoline pyrazines and imidazoline pyridines].

PMID- 6817593
TI  - Lithium effects on calcium, magnesium and phosphate in man: effects on balance,
      bone mineral content, faecal and urinary excretion.
AB  - Calcium, magnesium and phosphate metabolism was studied in lithium-treated
      patients, using a metabolic balance technique. Two groups of patients
      participated in the study: 1) Patients who were to start on a prophylactic
      lithium treatment, and 2) Long-term lithium-treated patients whose treatment was
      to be terminated. Lithium treatment produced a positive balance in both calcium,
      phosphate and magnesium. By continuous lithium treatment the effect on magnesium
      wore off, whereas the effect on calcium and phosphate persisted. In urine,
      lithium induced a decrease in both calcium and phosphate excretion, whereas the
      excretion of magnesium was increased. Bone mineral content was measured by photon
      absorption, and lithium treatment resulted in a decrease in bone mineral content
      occurring within the first 6 months of lithium treatment. In the patients,
      bioavailability of the Li2CO3 preparation was found to be about 95%, and the
      patients contained about one 24-h dose of lithium just before the next dose of
      lithium was administered.

PMID- 6817595
TI  - Present and future of cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 6817594
TI  - Idiopathic thoracic intradural and extradural arachnoid diverticula. Report of a
      case.
AB  - Intraspinal arachnoid diverticula are unusual lesions that may demonstrate
      significant mass effects. A 15-year-old boy with upper lumbar discomfort and
      progressive spastic paraparesis also demonstrated a sensory deficit at T-10 as
      well as a severe lower extremity dorsal column deficit. Radiographic evaluation
      demonstrated interpedicular widening from T-2 to T-9. Myelography revealed a
      triloculated arachnoid diverticulum, with major collections at C-7 to T-2, T-3 to
      T-5, and T-8 to T-10. An eight-level laminotomy (T-2 to T-9) was performed,
      leaving the spinous processes and interspinous ligaments intact. The inferior
      collection was completely extradural, with a diverticular neck leaving the right
      nerve root sleeve at T-8. The other loculations were intradural. The lesion was
      excised without difficulty, and the laminae were replaced. The postoperative
      course was unremarkable, in that recovery occurred almost immediately, and the
      patient's strength was essentially normal on discharge. In treating such lesions,
      replacement laminotomy is the best approach.

PMID- 6817596
TI  - Accelerated versus classical early mobilization after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6817597
TI  - Changes in risk factors among participants in a long-term exercise rehabilitation
      program.

PMID- 6817598
TI  - Risk factor modification in the framework of rehabilitation. Results of a long
      term rehabilitation program in Bavaria.

PMID- 6817599
TI  - Coronary surgery as secondary prevention. Objectives and achievements of surgical
      myocardial revascularization.

PMID- 6817601
TI  - Purification of gonadostatin from bovine seminal plasma (BSP).

PMID- 6817600
TI  - Long-term effect of aortocoronary bypass surgery on exercise tolerance and
      vocational rehabilitation.

PMID- 6817603
TI  - Meiotic arresting substance separated from porcine ovarian granulosa cells and
      hypothetical arresting mechanism of meiosis.

PMID- 6817602
TI  - Role of ovarian inhibin (folliculostatin) in regulating FSH secretion in the
      female rat.

PMID- 6817605
TI  - Purification, characterization, and in vitro production of inhibin.

PMID- 6817604
TI  - Stimulation of granulosa cell maturation by follicular fluid.

PMID- 6817606
TI  - Hormonal control of inhibin secretion.

PMID- 6817607
TI  - Partial purification of porcine follicular fluid gonadostatin.

PMID- 6817608
TI  - Acute hypophosphatemia during total parenteral nutrition in man: its effects on
      muscle cell composition.

PMID- 6817609
TI  - Proximal renal tubular acidosis and hypophosphatemia induced by arginine.

PMID- 6817611
TI  - Motor neuron disease and toxic metals.

PMID- 6817610
TI  - Hexosaminidase deficiency: a cause of recessively inherited motor neuron
      diseases.

PMID- 6817612
TI  - Plasma cell dyscrasia and motor neuron disease.

PMID- 6817614
TI  - An update on long-term in vivo and in vitro studies designed to identify a virus
      as the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism dementia, and
      Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6817613
TI  - Viruses other than poliovirus in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6817615
TI  - Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6817617
TI  - [Learning capacity of epileptic children].

PMID- 6817616
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in infants and children.

PMID- 6817618
TI  - The effect of Ro 21-7634 on the antigen-induced production of bronchoconstrictive
      arachidonic acid metabolites in the guinea pig lung.
AB  - Ro 21-7634 has previously been shown to inhibit histamine and SRS-A release from
      actively-sensitized guinea pig lung fragments upon antigen challenge. In the
      studies described herein, it was observed that Ro 21-7634 does not decrease SRS-A
      release but instead acts to inhibit the synthesis of this mediator. This was
      confirmed by studying SRS-A synthesis in vitro in rat peritoneal cells after
      challenge with ionophore A23187. In the peritoneal cell system, Ro 21-7634
      exhibited an IC50 of 500 microM, in comparison with 5.8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic
      acid, phenidone and BW755C (IC50's of 2, 100, and 100 microM, respectively). When
      studied at 10(-4) and 10(-3) M in perfused guinea pig lung, Ro 21-7634 inhibited
      antigen-induced thromboxane A2 production by 68 and 96%, respectively. In this
      system, antigen is believed to induce thromboxane A2 production through the
      release of histamine and SRS-A from lung tissue. These mediators then interact at
      receptor sites in the lung parenchyma to induce thromboxane A2 synthesis. Ro 21
      7634 could thus be inhibiting thromboxane A2 production by preventing the release
      of histamine and synthesis of SRS-A in the perfused lung system. Such a mechanism
      is suggested by the fact that although Ro 21-7634 was effective in inhibiting
      antigen-induced thromboxane production, it was ineffective in inhibiting
      thromboxane A2 production induced in the guinea pig lung system by the direct
      perfusion of histamine or SRS-A through the lung.

PMID- 6817619
TI  - Studies on the effect of polyamines and their products on Ehrlich ascites
      tumours.
AB  - Immobilized diamine oxidase injected into the peritoneal cavity of Swiss male
      mice 24 h after the viable intraperitoneal transplantation of Ehrlich ascites
      cells inhibits tumour growth. This fact should be imputable to the oxidation of
      polyamines, originating from tumour cells, into aldehyde, the oxidation product.

PMID- 6817621
TI  - The effect of E-N-L-trimethyllysine (TML) on the humoral and cellular immune
      response.
AB  - E-N-L-Trimethyllysine glutamate (TML) influences the humoral and cellular immune
      response of mice. Chronic pre- and post-treatment (100 mg/kg/day, 5 times)
      transitionally increased the anti-SRBC haemagglutinin titre of female CBA mice.
      After 400 r whole body irradiation, TML treatment accelerated the normalization
      of the haemagglutinin level. TML treatment prolonged the life-span of BDF1 hybrid
      mice that had first been immunized and then inoculated with L1210 cells. TML
      diminished the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in vivo of irradiated and
      non-irradiated CBA female mice and dose-dependent decreased the spontaneous
      (SLMC) and antibody-dependent (ADCC) cytotoxicity of healthy human lymphocytes,
      in vitro. As a low molecular weight immunomodulant, TML may also be considered as
      a therapeutic tool.

PMID- 6817620
TI  - Effect of in vivo administration of gold sodium thiomalate on rat macrophage
      function.
AB  - It has been shown that gold accumulates in macrophages. In vitro studies have
      also shown that long-term anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects on
      these cells may be responsible for the effectiveness of gold in the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis. However, the relevance of this information to the in vivo
      circumstance is largely untested. In this study, the effect of gold sodium
      thiomalate (AuTM) on rat alveolar macrophage (AM) lysosomal enzymes, bacterial
      killing, and metabolic activities associated with phagocytosis were assessed
      after in vivo administration. The activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid
      phosphatase, and lysozyme were inhibited 1 day following a single AuTM injection
      (50 mg/kg, subcutaneous). However, lysozyme returned to normal, while the
      activities of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were elevated from 4 to 12
      days thereafter. When AuTM was administered weekly for 8 weeks, the activities of
      acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated throughout, while lysozyme
      was largely unaffected. The increased lysosomal enzyme activities were not due to
      contamination of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These long-term effects of AuTm on
      enzyme activity were in marked contrast to its in vitro effect which inhibited
      the activities of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. No effect of AuTM
      administration on the release of beta-glucuronidase upon phagocytosis of
      opsonized zymosan was observed. At 1 day following a single AuTM injection or 3
      days after a second weekly injection, in vivo bactericidal activity of AM toward
      S. aureus was diminished. This bacterial killing defect was not due to decrease
      phagocytosis; the in vivo binding and ingestion of bacteria were normal. The
      defect correlated with imparied metabolic activities associated with
      phagocytosis, namely a significant decrease in the reduction of nitroblue
      tetrazolium and the stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt. This may be an
      attractive anti-inflammatory effect in light of the destructive potential of the
      reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages in an arthritic circumstance.

PMID- 6817623
TI  - The role of macrophages in inflammation.

PMID- 6817622
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolism in guinea pig skin: effects of chloroquine.
AB  - We investigated the effect of chloroquine (CQ) on the metabolism of exogenous
      [14C]arachidonic acid by guinea pig skin homogenates. The major cyclooxygenase
      product formed by the homogenates was PGD2; smaller quantities of PGE2 were
      formed. CQ suppressed the production of PGD2 and PGE2 in a dose-dependent fashion
      with an IC50 of 230 microM. This suppression was due to a cyclooxygenase
      inhibition, since the formation of the prostaglandins from exogenous endoperoxide
      PGH2 was unaffected. The skin homogenates also exhibited an active lipoxygenase
      pathway leading to HETE formation. The effect of CQ on the lipoxygenase activity
      was far less marked than its effect on the cyclooxygenase. CQ is an inhibitor of
      the cutaneous cyclooxygenase, and this effect may contribute to its anti
      inflammatory action in various dermatological disorders.

PMID- 6817626
TI  - Echocardiographically evaluated circulatory response to nitroglycerin.

PMID- 6817624
TI  - [Experimental studies of talc retinopathy. II. A long-term clinico-pathological
      study].

PMID- 6817625
TI  - [Experimental Pseudomonas endophthalmitis in rabbits. Intracameral inoculation of
      two pseudomonal strains].

PMID- 6817627
TI  - Experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. Neonatal exposure to the
      parasite.

PMID- 6817628
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes excretion and humoral immunity in goats in a herd with
      outbreaks of listeriosis and in a healthy herd.

PMID- 6817629
TI  - Comparison of different agar diffusion methods for the detection of antimicrobial
      residues in slaughter animals.

PMID- 6817630
TI  - A review of liquid nutritional products.

PMID- 6817631
TI  - Carcinoid tumors of the uterine cervix: response to combination chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Two cases of advanced (Stage III) carcinoid. tumors of the cervix are presented.
      Initial treatment in both cases consisted of combination chemotherapy (CCNU,
      cyclophosphamide and methotrexate) administered in the same regimen used in the
      treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Initial response in the first case
      was remarkable, but toxic side effects delayed further treatment. Local tumor
      progression followed resulting in bilateral complete ureteric obstruction.
      Radiation therapy was discontinued before an effective dose could be delivered,
      and the patient expired in uremic coma. In the second case, initial response to
      chemotherapy was not as effective, but radiation therapy seemed to produce local
      control of the disease. Review of the English literature produced 21 additional
      cases of carcinoid tumors of the cervix: eight Stage I, seven Stage II, four
      Stage III, and one Stage IV. No firm conclusions with regard to therapy could be
      drawn from such small numbers.

PMID- 6817632
TI  - Cancer of larynx in west of Scotland. A review of results and a consideration of
      new therapeutic approaches.
AB  - A recent epidemiological study carried out by the Cancer Intelligence Unit in
      Glasgow has shown: 1) there has been an increase in consumption of tobacco
      products and alcohol in Scotland over the past 25 years; and 2) the mortality
      rate from cancer of the larynx has been unchanged over that time (Fig. 1).
      Ayrshire, a county in the west of Scotland, has a population of 360,000 which is
      remarkably similar in age structure, sex and urban/rural mix to Scotland as a
      whole. The incidence of carcinoma of the larynx in this region has been unchanged
      over the 20-year period 1959-1978. The results of treatment for the period 1958
      1968 were reported recently by Quayum. In this report the results of treatment of
      carcinoma of the larynx by radiotherapy in Ayrshire and district over the decade
      1968-1978 are presented and compared with those of the previous decade. The
      overall survival is unchanged over the two decades 1958-68 and 1968-78. This
      confirms the findings of the Cancer Registry. The survival of certain stages has
      improved, though this may be due to changes in criteria for staging introduced in
      1974. All cases in this report were staged retrospectively. Recent innovations in
      treatment which may improve overall survival are considered.

PMID- 6817633
TI  - An enzyme basis for blood type A intermediate status.
AB  - The blood type A is known to be subclassified as A1, A2, and A1-A2 intermediate
      (Aint), depending upon red cell agglutinability with anti-A1 and anti-H lectins.
      Approximately 80% of the blood group H-sites remained unglycosylated in type Aint
      erythrocyte membranes. Plasma from Aint individuals contains a special blood
      group GalNAc transferase (UDP-GalNAc:2'-fucosylgalactoside-alpha-3-N
      acetylgalactosaminyl transferase), which is different from the enzyme in A1
      plasma and the enzyme in A2 plasma. A1-enzyme has strong affinity to UDP-GalNAc
      and 2'-fucosyllactose, A2-enzyme has low affinity to both substrates, and Aint
      enzyme has strong affinity to UDP-GalNAc and very low affinity to 2'
      fucosyllactose, which is a soluble analog of the H-substances. The low degree of
      glycosylation of the blood group H-sites due to the low affinity of Aint-enzyme
      with the H-substances can account for the lower A activity and higher H activity
      in Aint red cells than in A1 red cells. The blood group A allele can be
      subdivided into three common alleles, A1, A2, and Aint, each controlling the
      formation of different types of blood group GalNAc transferases.

PMID- 6817634
TI  - The quantitation and fractionation of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The quantitation of CSF proteins has important clinical applications. Often the
      total protein level is quite useful but does not provide sufficient information
      to differentiate the disease state of the patient. The IgG/albumin index is a
      parameter frequently used as an indication of IgG production within the central
      nervous system. Hence, the levels of the albumin and globulin fractions must
      often be determined. Many methods exist for quantitations of total protein in CSF
      and the levels of the major protein fractions and for separating the various
      proteins present into their major protein fractions. For total protein
      quantitation, the turbidimetric method is common, but the Coomassie brilliant
      blue method may be the method of the future. For separation and quantitation of
      protein fractions, electrophoresis or some immunologic method is frequently used.
      The more sophisticated isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional techniques are
      limited to use mostly by research laboratories. With further sophistication of
      techniques for separating proteins and interpretation of the results thereby
      obtained, the methods which are now limited to research may be adapted by routine
      laboratories in the future.

PMID- 6817635
TI  - Influence of selective vs. panel chemistry tests on cost and diagnostic time.
AB  - In the present economy, much concern has been focused on the cost and medical
      efficacy of laboratory tests being performed. This study examined the difference
      in laboratory costs associated with physician's use of selective vs. panel
      chemistries and the frequency of inefficient use of laboratory tests. A
      determination of the difference in the average number of laboratory visits needed
      to reach diagnosis associated with the use of these two test methods was made.
      The study was conducted at a 270-bed community hospital in suburban New York,
      where the physicians are free to choose selective and/or panel chemistries.
      Random selection of 200 outpatient records revealed that three types of ordering
      patterns existed: panels, selective, and a combination of the two. Of the three,
      panel testing resulted in substantially lower costs and fewer return visits to
      the laboratory than either selective or mixed (combination of selective and
      panel) testing.

PMID- 6817636
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita?

PMID- 6817637
TI  - Spondylometepiphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic observations in eight patients, radiographs on an
      additional six patients, and morphologic observations on chondro-osseous tissue
      from two of these 14 patients form the basis for delineating an entity distinct
      from the heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasia involving spine and tubular
      bones, the spondyloepiphyseal, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasias.
      Disproportionately short limbs and delayed epiphyseal maturation are present at
      birth, and the entity is radiographically indistinguishable from
      spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) congenita during infancy. The metaphyseal
      change that allows identification of the entity described here develops during
      early childhood, and radiographically is seen as "dappling," ie, the mottled
      appearance of alternating zones of osteosclerosis and osteopenia. Severe
      scoliosis and cord compression may be important clinical problems related to the
      spine changes in adulthood. We have identified one family with two affected sibs
      and normal parents, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance and distinguishing
      the entity from SED congenita that has autosomal dominant inheritance.

PMID- 6817638
TI  - Administration of iduronate sulfatase by plasma exchange to patients with the
      Hunter syndrome: a clinical study.
AB  - The Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is the only mucopolysaccharidosis in which there is
      appreciable activity of the deficient enzyme in normal plasma. We performed
      enzyme-replacement treatment by plasma exchange in five Hunter syndrome children.
      Carefully monitoring the cardiovascular status, we administered monthly single
      plasma volume exchanges for a 3 to 8 mo period. The results indicate a
      substantial gain of enzyme activity, persisting with a t50% = 19 +/- 5 hr. The
      maximal level and persistence of increased enzyme activity did not change after
      repeated exchanges, suggesting that immune responses were not elicited. Despite
      this, no demonstrable clinical benefit was apparent when the study group was
      compared with an age-matched control group of Hunter syndrome patients.

PMID- 6817639
TI  - More on the Elephant Man.

PMID- 6817641
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome in a 52-year-old woman with monoclonal gammopathy.

PMID- 6817640
TI  - Alterations of thyroid hormone indices in acute renal failure and in acute
      critical illness with and without acute renal failure.
AB  - The present study evaluated thyroid hormone indices of patients with acute renal
      failure without other systemic illnesses (n = 12), as compared to patients with
      critical illnesses in the presence (n = 16) and absence (n = 6) of acute renal
      failure. Abnormalities in the group with acute renal failure alone included
      decreased serum levels of total T4 and T3, and elevated levels of free rT3. Serum
      levels of free T4 by equilibrium dialysis and the enzyme immunoassay, T3 uptake
      ratios, TSH and total rT3 were normal. These findings are consistent with the
      presence of decreased binding of T4 and rT3 to their serum carrier proteins.
      Critically ill patients with acute renal failure differed in that they had lower
      total T4 and T3 levels and elevated T3 uptake ratio values. As in the group with
      acute renal failure alone, total rT3 levels were normal and free rT3 values were
      elevated. The group with critical illness alone differed only in that the total
      rT3 concentrations were elevated in all patients. The alterations of thyroid
      hormone indices in acute renal failure are similar to those of other nonthyroidal
      illnesses with the exception of the normal total rT3 levels. This suggests that
      the failing kidney or the metabolic consequences of uremia specifically affect
      rT3 metabolism.

PMID- 6817642
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome in a 47-year-old woman with monoclonal gammopathy.

PMID- 6817643
TI  - Effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the oxygen paradox in perfused rat hearts.
AB  - The effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the morphologic features of cells and
      cellular enzyme release was studied in Langendorf-perfused rat hearts at 37 C.
      Ten percent DMSO greatly reduced the magnitude of oxygen-induced creatine kinase
      release (O2-CK) after a 60-minute period of hypoxic perfusion. DMSO also
      protected cells from development of severe contracture with formation of
      contraction bands. A linear correlation was found between the magnitude of O2-CK
      release and the percentage of cells in hearts containing contraction bands.
      Hypertonic mannitol did not protect hearts from CK release due to the calcium
      paradox, although DMSO was effective in this regard. DMSO reduced contractile
      force of hearts and tensions caused by hypoxic contracture as measured by an
      intraventricular balloon. This study suggests that DMSO affords protection from
      O2-CK release by actions on cells other than its osmotic effects. DMSO may alter
      the response of injured cells to the effects of calcium ions.

PMID- 6817645
TI  - [Indications and limits of hyperventilation in neuroanesthesia].

PMID- 6817644
TI  - Localization of specific lesions in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-preexposed tracheal
      explants.
AB  - An experimental model is described for separating out and identifying, by a
      nondestructive method, lesions induced in rat tracheal implants exposed to 200
      micrograms dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-beeswax pellets. The approach was to
      cut exposed and nonexposed tracheas into 2 x 3-mm explants and place them in
      organ culture for 24 hours. The medium was collected, and the exfoliated cells in
      the medium were stained by the Papanicolaou method for cytologic diagnosis. The
      exfoliated cells were graded according to the degree of atypia by conventional
      cytologic criteria. To validate the cytologic diagnoses, 60 organ cultures were
      fixed, sectioned, and stained; and the histopathologic diagnoses were compared.
      In most cases, the cytologic findings were predictive of the histopathologic
      results. To test for alterations in growth characteristics of cell populations
      derived from specific lesions, epithelial cell cultures were established from 35
      organ cultures. All primary cultures from explants showing moderate or more
      severe atypia, and 40% from those showing regular metaplasia or mildly atypical
      lesions, survived and grew in culture. Cultures from unexposed tracheas did not
      survive.

PMID- 6817646
TI  - [Use of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (S.I.M.V.) in a
      neurosurgical unit].

PMID- 6817647
TI  - [Effect of artificial ventilation on the caliber of cerebral arteries].

PMID- 6817648
TI  - [Sensitivity of the pituitary gland to LH-FSH releasing hormone in women after
      discontinuation of ovidon, an estrogen-progesterone contraceptive agent].

PMID- 6817650
TI  - [Changes in the spectrophotometric curve of amniotic fluid in severe fetal Rh
      hemolytic disease (fetal and neonatal death)].

PMID- 6817649
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of inhibin].

PMID- 6817651
TI  - [Levels of human placental lactogen in amniotic fluid in pregnancies with Rh
      isoimmunization].

PMID- 6817652
TI  - Home parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6817653
TI  - Enteral feeding. If the gut works, use it.

PMID- 6817654
TI  - Principals of parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6817657
TI  - Immune response genes.

PMID- 6817656
TI  - Effects of ethanol administration on platelet function in the rat.
AB  - When ethanol is administered to rats chronically by inhalation for 5-7 days to
      produce a final ethanol concentration in plasma of about 50 mM platelet
      aggregation in vitro to collagen is markedly inhibited. Platelet aggregation to
      ADP is relatively unaffected and there is no evidence of thrombocytopenia or
      morphological change in platelets on scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. The changed sensitivity to collagen is not simply due to the presence
      of ethanol in plasma during the in vitro tests because in vitro addition of a
      similar concentration of ethanol produces a much smaller inhibition of platelet
      aggregation to collagen in platelet-rich plasma from control animals. The acute
      or subacute administration of ethanol either by injection (3 g/kg-1
      intraperitoneally) or by inhalation (4-6 h) produced very variable results,
      platelets from some animals being inhibited with respect to collagen as much as
      those from animals chronically exposed to ethanol, whereas other showed no
      inhibition other than that attributable to the presence of ethanol in plasma.
      When ethanol was administered chronically by inhalation for 30 days,
      thrombocytopenia was apparent and platelets from these animals were unresponsive
      to all aggregating agents tested. It is concluded that even relatively short
      periods of ethanol intake may lead to significant inhibition of platelet
      function, specifically aggregation to collagen. This may be of relevance to the
      suggested protective effect of ethanol intake in cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6817655
TI  - Acute effects of ethanol on biosynthesis and glycosylation of IgGl(kappa)
      antibody molecules in cultured P3/X63-Ag8 myeloma cells.
AB  - Protein synthesis in cultured P3/X63-Ag8 mouse myeloma cells was inhibited by
      acute exposure to ethanol. However, the synthesis of IgGl antibody, as a
      percentage of total protein synthesis, increased slightly. Experiments using
      actinomycin D suggest that the overall inhibition of protein synthesis by ethanol
      occurs at the translational level. Following an L-[35S]methionine pulse, cultured
      P3/X63-Ag8 cells contained one light antibody polypeptide and two heavy antibody
      polypeptides. One of these heavy chains was shown to be the unglycosylated
      precursor of the other, mature molecule. Only the glycosylated polypeptide is a
      normal constituent of secreted IgGl antibody. The glycosylation of the immature
      heavy chains occurred more rapidly during a 1-hr isotopic pulse in cells exposed
      to ethanol (0.1 v/v % and above), than in unexposed control cells. The observed
      effects of ethanol on antibody glycosylation may be related to the increased
      susceptibility of alcoholic patients to infections. Ethanol may also affect the
      synthesis of other glycoproteins in myeloma cells and other tissues.

PMID- 6817658
TI  - Protective effect of disodium cromoglycate on propranolol challenge.
AB  - The protective activity of cromoglycate in histamine and propranolol bronchial
      provocation tests was studied in seven asthmatic patients by inhalation of
      increasing doses of histamine and propranolol in the absence and presence of
      inhaled cromoglycate. Cromoglycate showed a significant protective effect on the
      propranolol challenge, whereas no protection against histamine challenge could be
      observed.

PMID- 6817659
TI  - Naloxone reversal of meptazinol-induced respiratory depression. An investigation
      of the effect of naloxone on meptazinol-induced respiratory depression in
      anaesthetised.

PMID- 6817660
TI  - [Inversed ratio ventilation (IRV) following cardiosurgical procedures].
AB  - Based on our positive experiences with "Inversed Ratio Ventilation" (IRV) in the
      treatment of ARDS, we applied this ventilation technique in patients with risk
      lungs after cardiosurgical operations. Immediately, after switching from
      conventional ventilation mode (I/E ratio 1:2) to IRV (I/E 2:1), however
      significant hemodynamic reactions could be observed. Especially a significant
      decrease of cardiac output can be observed in this phase. IRV leads to an
      improvement of gas exchange and lung mechanics. These improvement become even
      more significant continuing IRV. A decreasing tendency of the negative
      hemodynamic effects can be observed parallel to lung mechanics improvement.
      Carefully managed respirators adjustment, "step-wise" prolongation of I/E ratio
      and closed observation on hemodynamic reactions leads to successful use of
      Inversed Ratio Ventilation in cardiosurgical patients too.

PMID- 6817661
TI  - [Effect of neuroleptanalgesia on the visual evoked potential (VEP) in man].
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were monitored intraoperatively in 35 urological
      patients during modified neuroleptanalgesia. Control measurements were made in 18
      awake, premedicated patients prior to induction of anesthesia. The latencies of
      the negative peaks (designed n1, n2, n3) increased significantly (p = 0.001)
      during anesthesia: n1 from 50,6 ms to 57,1 ms, n2 from 80 ms to 89,4 ms, n3 from
      124,5 ms to 139,6 ms, no significant change in amplitude was seen. Changing paCO2
      in the range from 20 mmHg to 50 mmHg during controlled ventilation did not affect
      latencies and amplitudes of visual evoked potentials (n = 10 patients). These
      influences of neuroleptanalgesia must be considered when recording visual evoked
      potentials intraoperatively during neurosurgical procedures (aneurysm-, pituar
      gland surgery) for monitoring optic nerve function.

PMID- 6817662
TI  - Quantitative determination of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl residues of proteins by
      second-derivative fluorescence spectroscopy.

PMID- 6817663
TI  - Purification of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from cyanobacteria by affinity
      chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B.

PMID- 6817664
TI  - A kinetic assay for cellulases.

PMID- 6817665
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis in the synthesis,
      characterization, and reactions of neoglycopeptides.

PMID- 6817666
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of glibenclamide in plasma using pyrene-1-aldehyde.

PMID- 6817667
TI  - Histochemical localization of prostaglandin synthetase in human exocrine glands.
AB  - Prostaglandin synthetase activity is histochemically detected in the epithelial
      cells of the human prostate, seminal vesicle, and deferential ampulla. The
      addition of the specific inhibitor indomethacin to the incubating medium strongly
      reduces the staining reaction. The presence of exogenous substrate in the medium
      is not required for the reaction, since identical results are observed following
      incubation with and without arachidonic acid. The presence of the enzyme appears
      to be related to the secretion of prostaglandins into the seminal fluid, but
      there is a possibility that some prostaglandins influence the metabolism of the
      secreting cells themselves. The localization of prostaglandin synthetase in the
      ductal epithelia of human salivary glands is related to a possible regulatory
      role of the prostaglandins upon the reabsorptive activity of the ductal cells.

PMID- 6817668
TI  - [Detection of "cardiac cachexia" and its correction in the preoperative period].

PMID- 6817669
TI  - [Analysis of the acid-base balance and gas composition of blood from different
      drainage areas of the vascular bed during craniocerebral hypothermia in cardiac
      surgery].

PMID- 6817671
TI  - Factors influencing participation in a rubella vaccination program.
AB  - During the course of a 7-day voluntary rubella vaccination program conducted at a
      large community-teaching hospital, 718 hospital workers were vaccinated, an
      overall vaccination rate of 29%. During and after the vaccination campaign,
      physicians, employees, and students were surveyed as to their reasons for
      accepting or rejecting rubella vaccine. Prior to the campaign few hospital
      workers realized that rubella vaccination was of importance in their case.
      Although paycheck notices, newsletters, and poster displays were all effective in
      publicizing the campaign, hospital workers most frequently cited discussions with
      other workers as the major factor leading to their acceptance of vaccination. The
      belief that a history of rubella, diagnosed clinically, was adequate assurance of
      immunity was common among physicians and employees and was the major obstacle to
      greater success in the campaign. Vaccine reactions were infrequent and mild and
      did not lead to excessive employee absenteeism.

PMID- 6817670
TI  - CO2 rebreathing in the modified Bain circuit for conscious sedation and general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 6817672
TI  - Genetic variation of the sixth component of complement (C6) in the Manx
      shearwater (Puffinus p. puffinus).
AB  - A polymorphism in the sixth complement component (C6) has been investigated by
      isoelectric focusing. The results indicate that C6 is coded by genes at a single
      autosomal locus. Six structural alleles have been identified, a null allele is
      also postulated. Five island colonies of Shearwater were investigated, two
      alleles C6 A and C6 B predominate in all sites. The ability of rabbit C5 and C7
      to combine successfully with avian C6 indicates the functional sites of these
      molecules are highly conserved.

PMID- 6817673
TI  - Regional distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in the conscious
      dog.

PMID- 6817674
TI  - Leptospiral and brucellar titers in frozen bovine sera after 20 years of storage.
AB  - Generally good agreement was obtained between the rankings of sera titers when
      originally tested (T1), and those of the same sera 20 years later (T2). At the
      later time, the majority of samples (88%) were in, or within 1 dilution factor of
      their classification at T1. Test results for Brucella abortus and Leptospira
      interrogans var pomona antibodies demonstrated that original titers, in the upper
      lower limits of 20 to 50, had decreased over a wide range (20% to 90%), and the
      later tests show that the greater the original titer, the greater the
      proportional decrease. Thus, titers of 20,000 at T1 had decreased by 49% to 99%
      and those of 200,000, by 95% to 99.8%. Variations in T2 test results were noted
      between some samples which had given identical results at T1. A decrease in titer
      over time has been demonstrated. An estimate of the expected half-lives of sera
      of differing initial Leptospira antibody titers is that for each unit increase in
      log10 of the initial titer, the half-life is reduced by about 50%. The
      heterogeneity of the immune response is postulated as the reason for this
      variation.

PMID- 6817675
TI  - Porphyrin values and treatment of feline solar dermatitis.

PMID- 6817676
TI  - Extraction of capsular material from Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - Water and phosphate-buffered saline solution suspensions of early log-arithmic
      phase cells of Pasteurella haemolytica were incubated for 1 hour at various
      temperatures to remove capsular material with a minimum of cell lysis or death.
      Criteria used to determine capsular removal included change in agglutinability of
      the organism and disappearance of an antigenic component by the fluorescent
      antibody test and the agar-gel diffusion technique. The capsular material could
      be removed in a saline solution suspension at 41 C with little decrease in
      viability, thereby providing comparable cell populations with and without
      capsules for use in subsequent studies.

PMID- 6817677
TI  - Inactivation of human bronchial mucosal proteinase inhibitor by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa elastase.
AB  - Human bronchial mucus contains an acid-stable proteinase inhibitor called
      bronchial mucous inhibitor (BMI) that apparently protects the upper airways from
      proteolysis by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase and cathepsin G, and
      infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which also produces an elastase, can result
      in considerable lung damage. The possible role of BMI in protecting the lung from
      proteolytic attack in the presence of P. aeruginosa elastase (a zinc
      metalloprotease) was investigated. The BMI not only failed to inhibit P.
      aeruginosa elastase but the ability of BMI to inhibit PMN elastase and cathepsin
      G was rapidly lost in the presence of the bacterial elastase. The P. aeruginosa
      elastase also freed active PMN elastase from complexes with BMI, resulting in
      elastin digestion by both enzymes. The proteolysis of lung tissue observed with
      P. aeruginosa infections may be caused by a combination of bacterial and PMN
      proteases. Elastase and cathepsin G released from leukocytes, attracted to P.
      aeruginosa infection sites, would be free to attack the bronchial tissues after
      BMI inactivation by P. aeruginosa elastase, adding to the damage caused by the
      bacterial protease(s).

PMID- 6817678
TI  - Mycobacterial cross-contamination of bronchoscopy specimens.
AB  - Bronchoscopy specimens from 3 patients investigated during 1 wk at a large
      teaching hospital were culture positive for the same serovar of Mycobacterium
      intracellulare. Review of laboratory records and patient data suggested that only
      the first patient examined was a genuine excretor of mycobacteria; the isolates
      from the other 2 patients were false positives caused by inadequate disinfection
      of part of the collection apparatus between use. The investigations confirm the
      suitability of glutaraldehyde as a rapid, highly effective antimycobacterial
      disinfectant and illustrate the value of serotyping when dealing with
      mycobacterial isolates of questionable significance.

PMID- 6817679
TI  - Evidence for the absence of arginine vasotocin in mammalian pineals, including
      the Brattleboro rat.

PMID- 6817680
TI  - Abnormalities in thyrotropin and thyroxine secretion in Brattleboro rats.

PMID- 6817681
TI  - Prolactin and growth hormone in the unstressed Brattleboro rat.

PMID- 6817682
TI  - Alterations in pituitary function in rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus
      (Brattleboro strain).

PMID- 6817683
TI  - Gonadotropins in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain).
AB  - In the Brattleboro strain of rats, the genetic defect in vasopressin synthesis
      seems to be accompanied by a defect in the synthesis of other structurally
      related nonapeptides, such as the pineal arginine vasotocin which has
      antigonadotropic properties in animals. It was therefore tempting to investigate
      gonadotropin secretion in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus
      (DI rats).

PMID- 6817684
TI  - Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy.

PMID- 6817685
TI  - Thalamic arteriovenous malformation and von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 6817686
TI  - [Improvement of the postoperative period in surgery for tumors of the mouth floor
      by parenteral nutrition].
AB  - Since August 1977 total parenteral nutrition is part of post operative care for
      pull through operations for growth of floor of the mouth. The first 14 patients
      under total parenteral nutrition (from August 1977 until April 1980) are compared
      with the previous 14 patients. The length of the post operative period had
      slightly diminished but without statistical significance. On the other hand there
      is a significant difference for alimentary autonomy on discharge and number of
      complications (p less than 0.05). Our good handling of total parenteral nutrition
      has not replaced some complications by others.

PMID- 6817687
TI  - [Transmission of the hepatitis virus from the mother to her fetus or newborn
      infant. Current possibilities for prevention].

PMID- 6817688
TI  - [Biologic diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in children: study of soluble
      bacterial antigens and determination of lactic acid in the CSF].

PMID- 6817689
TI  - [History of prophylaxis and asepsis in digestive tract surgery].

PMID- 6817690
TI  - [Prevention of infectious complications in digestive surgery by the preoperative
      administration of cefoxitin. Multicenter study of 582 patients].

PMID- 6817691
TI  - [Cost evaluation of prophylaxis with antibiotics].

PMID- 6817692
TI  - [Prophylactic antibiotherapy with cefoxitin in abdominal surgery: results of an
      international multicenter study].

PMID- 6817693
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of the neuromuscular glycogen storage diseases.
AB  - Of the 12 known genetic disorders of glycogen metabolism, five consistently
      involve the neuromuscular system. Pompe's disease is a generalized, fatal,
      lysosomal storage disease caused by absence of acid maltase. Structurally
      abnormal glycogen accumulates in Forbes-Cori and Andersen's diseases, resulting
      from deficient debranching and branching enzymes, respectively. Exercise
      intolerance, muscle cramps, and myoglobinuria characterize McArdle's syndrome or
      myophosphorylase deficiency. In Tauri's disease, absence of phosphofructokinase
      leads to glycogen accumulation indirectly owing to a metabolic block in
      glycolysis. Diagnosis of the symptomatic patient, antenatal diagnosis, and
      detection of heterozygous genetic carriers are accomplished using a variety of
      laboratory methods. Tissue enzyme assays, chemical analysis of glycogen, and
      studies of carbohydrate metabolism are available. Recent advances in biophysics,
      such as nuclear magnetic resonance, have opened up a new approach for the study
      of metabolic diseases.

PMID- 6817695
TI  - Pseudoepileptic seizures: methods and video analysis to aid diagnosis.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to obtain a detailed description of the clinical
      features of pseudoepileptic (PE) seizures, to try to reproduce these events in
      the laboratory during a single recording, and to establish a framework useful to
      the clinician for evaluating patients whose behavior suggests physiological
      seizures, but about which doubt remains. We analyzed 37 episodes of PE seizures
      recorded in 30 patients during a single three-hour video/EEG recording. The PE
      seizures occurred spontaneously or were induced by sequential activation
      procedures. The historical information together with behavioral observations show
      that the PE seizures mimicked primary generalized seizures in 15 episodes,
      elementary partial seizures with secondary generalization in 21 episodes, and
      complex partial seizures in a single episode. Our data underscore the usefulness
      of the video/EEG recording method and suggest activation techniques which,
      combined with detailed historical information, aid in establishing the diagnosis
      of PE seizures.

PMID- 6817694
TI  - Glucocorticoid effects on the embryonic chick heart. I. Glucocorticoid
      enlargement of the heart.
AB  - Cortisol increases the heart weight relative to body weight following injection
      of growth suppressing amounts of the hormone on incubation days 9, 10, 13, and
      15. Hormone administration increases glycogen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and total
      lipid concentration in the embryonic myocardium. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
      protein concentration are decreased proportionally. Glycogen synthetase and
      radiosulphate incorporation into GAG are increased by the glucocorticoid. Lack of
      growth inhibition of the embryonic myocardium by glucocorticoids is not due to
      absence of glucocorticoid receptors. [3H]-Dexamethasone was shown to bind to a
      cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction of the chick heart. Binding to a cytoplasmic
      protein could be demonstrated in the heart at nine days of embryonic development
      and increased with developmental age. The increase in cardiac mass appears to be
      specific for the glucocorticoid hormones when compared with epinephrine and
      deoxycorticosterone. The latter two hormones did not increase cardiac mass.

PMID- 6817697
TI  - The concept of pattern in nursing: conceptual development and measurement.

PMID- 6817696
TI  - Blood groups and ABH saliva secretion in Koya Dora and Konda Kammara tribes of
      Andhra Pradesh.
AB  - The present paper reports the distribution of blood groups and ABH saliva
      secretion in two Andhra tribal populations: the Koya Dora and the Konda Kammara.
      100 Koya Dora and nearly 110 Konda Kammara adults of both sexes were tested for
      A1A2BO, MN, Rh (CcDEe) blood groups and ABH saliva secretion. The gene
      frequencies for A1A2BO, MN and ABH and the gene as well as chromosome frequencies
      for Rh (CcDEe) systems were calculated. Koya Doras show a higher incidence of A
      gene than B gene, while the reverse trend is seen in Konda Kammaras. Both the
      tribes show a high M gene frequency. No Rh(D) negative individual was found in
      Koya Doras, while 4.59% of Konda Kammaras are Rh(D) negative. The chromosomes
      CDE, CdE, cDe, cdE, Cde and cde are absent in Koya Doras, while only the four
      chromosomes CDE, CdE, cDe and cdE are absent in Konda Kammaras. The chromosome
      CDe shows the highest frequency in both the tribes. The frequency of secretors
      is, as usual, higher than that of nonsecretors in both the tribes. The intergroup
      variation between the two tribes is not statistically significant for MN, Rh
      (CcDEe) and ABH systems, while the difference is significant for the A1A2BO blood
      groups. Suitable comparisons have also been made with all the other available
      data from Andhra Pradesh tribal populations with respect to different systems
      studied. Finally Fi estimates have been calculated after Harpending et al. (1973)
      and Workman et al. (1974) for Koya Doras and Konda Kammaras to assess their
      degree of endogamy, considering the codominant systems studied, which suggest
      that Koya Doras are relatively more isolated than Konda Kammaras.

PMID- 6817698
TI  - Nursing theory and practice: a self-care approach.

PMID- 6817699
TI  - An interaction model of client health behavior: theoretical prescription for
      nursing.

PMID- 6817700
TI  - Parental reaction to the birth of an infant with a defect: an attributional
      approach.

PMID- 6817701
TI  - Brief psychotherapy for persons with recurrent cancer: a holistic practice model.

PMID- 6817702
TI  - Toward a theoretical model for community health programs.

PMID- 6817703
TI  - Infant feeding in the Third World: a critique of the literature.

PMID- 6817704
TI  - In vitro susceptibility and cross-resistance of South African isolates of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 14 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - One hundred isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained from patients attending
      clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa, were tested by a broth dilution technique
      for their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of benzyl penicillin G,
      ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime,
      tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, spectinomycin, rosaramicin,
      chloramphenicol, and rosoxacin. None of the isolates tested produced beta
      lactamase. The MICs of penicillin ranged from less than or equal to 0.007 to 0.5
      micrograms/ml. The isolates were also very susceptible to rosaramicin (minimal
      concentration at which 50% of isolates were inhibited [MIC50] = 0.02
      micrograms/ml) and to the new cephalosporins (cefotaxime MIC50 less than 0.007
      micrograms/ml, ceftriaxone MIC50 less than 0.007 micrograms/ml, and ceftazidime
      MIC50 less than 0.007 micrograms/ml). By using regression analysis, good
      correlation was observed between the MICs of penicillin and those of the other
      agents, with the exception of ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, and rosaramicin. The
      MICs and the minimal bactericidal concentrations were within a log2 concentration
      of each other.

PMID- 6817705
TI  - Effect of allopurinol on Trypanosoma cruzi: metabolism and biological activity in
      intracellular and bloodstream forms.
AB  - Allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine) is an effective agent in vitro
      against Trypanosoma cruzi. The important forms of this parasite, with respect to
      the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease in man, are the bloodstream (trypomastigote)
      and the intracellular forms. Experiments with radiolabeled allopurinol and
      analysis of the metabolic products of this compound by high-performance liquid
      chromatography showed that both the bloodstream and the intracellular forms of T.
      cruzi metabolize allopurinol in the same manner as has been shown for the
      epimastigotes in vitro. The metabolic pathways for pyrazolopyrimidines in the
      pathogenic forms were demonstrated with organisms isolated from infected animals
      and a tissue culture system infected with T. cruzi. Treatment of infected tissue
      culture with allopurinol eradicated the infection. This investigation implies
      that allopurinol may be useful in chemotherapy of T. cruzi infections, a
      supposition which has been borne out in one animal study.

PMID- 6817706
TI  - Tetracycline-resistant L-forms isolated from an antibiotic-susceptible strain of
      Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - A tetracycline-susceptible strain of Listeria monocytogenes type 4b was converted
      to stable L-forms by penicillin. L-form variants resistant to tetracycline were
      then selected from a predominantly tetracycline-susceptible L-form population on
      plates containing penicillin and increasing concentrations of tetracycline. The
      origin of tetracycline-resistant L-forms from the parent Listeria strain was
      confirmed biochemically, by immunofluorescence, and by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the
      typical L-form structure and the complete lack of cell wall in both L-form
      strains. The level of [3H]tetracycline uptake was lower in tetracycline-resistant
      than in susceptible cells.

PMID- 6817707
TI  - Effect of calcium, magnesium, and zinc on ticarcillin and tobramycin alone and in
      combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Correlation between in vitro and in vivo test results for synergy between
      carboxypenicillins and aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is poor.
      Although the divalent cation content of culture media is known to affect
      aminoglycoside susceptibility testing for P. aeruginosa, this effect of divalent
      cations has not been examined for synergy testing of carboxypenicillin
      aminoglycoside interaction against P. aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory
      concentrations (MICs) of tobramycin and ticarcillin and the interaction of these
      drugs in combination were studied by a microtitration method for 36 strains of P.
      aeruginosa in Mueller-Hinton broth with varying supplements of calcium,
      magnesium, and zinc. The supplementation of Mueller-Hinton broth to 50 or 100 mg
      of calcium per liter had a significant effect in increasing the tobramycin MIC (P
      less than 0.01), as well as decreasing the degree of synergy between ticarcillin
      and tobramycin (P less than 0.01). Supplementation to 20 mg of magnesium per
      liter, 1.0 mg of zinc per liter, or both did not significantly affect tobramycin
      MIC or the interaction of tobramycin and ticarcillin. Supplementation to 50 or
      100 mg of calcium per liter rendered any additional effect of magnesium and zinc
      on aminoglycoside MIC and aminoglycoside-carboxypenicillin interaction
      negligible. If these results for ticarcillin and tobramycin are confirmed for
      other carboxypenicillins and aminoglycosides, then the Mueller-Hinton broth used
      for P. aeruginosa aminoglycoside susceptibility and synergy testing may need to
      be supplemented only with calcium at a concentration of 50 mg/liter.

PMID- 6817708
TI  - Susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to N
      formimidoyl thienamycin.
AB  - A diverse collection of 123 meningococcal and 126 gonococcal isolates was tested
      for susceptibility to N-formimidoyl thienamycin (N-F-thienamycin; MK0787) and to
      penicillin G (PEN). All of the meningococci were susceptible to both of these, as
      well as to rifampin. Among gonococci, beta-lactamase-producing strains, which
      were resistant to PEN, were susceptible to N-F-thienamycin. Among non-beta
      lactamase-producing strains, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of N-F
      thienamycin and PEN were less than or equal to 1.28 micrograms/ml. Of these, the
      strains with PEN minimal inhibitory concentrations toward the higher end of the
      range were likely to be more susceptible to N-F-thienamycin, whereas the strains
      that were highly susceptible to PEN were likely to have higher minimal inhibitory
      concentrations of N-F-thienamycin.

PMID- 6817709
TI  - Antiviral and side effects of interferons produced by recombinant DNA techniques
      as tested in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Human interferon type alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) produced by Escherichia coli was
      found to be as active as natural leukocyte interferon in protecting rhesus
      monkeys against intradermal vaccinia virus infection. HuIFN-beta 1 produced in E.
      coli had similar but less pronounced activity. HuIFN-alpha 2 induced fever but
      not leukopenia, while HuIFN-beta 1 had opposite effects. Concurrent treatment
      with acetosalicylic acid and prednisolone/azothioprine combinations did not
      interfere with the efficacy of the human interferons.

PMID- 6817710
TI  - Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tap water in relation to utilization of
      substrates at concentrations of a few micrograms per liter.
AB  - Five Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were tested for the utilization of 47 low
      molecular-weight compounds as their sole sources of carbon and energy for growth
      at a concentration of 2.5 g/liter. Of these compounds, 31 to 35 were consumed.
      Growth experiments in tap water at 15 degrees C were carried out with one
      particular strain (P1525) isolated from drinking water. This strain was tested
      for the utilization of 30 compounds supplied at a concentration of 25 microgram
      of C per liter. The growth rate (number of generations per hour) of strain P1525
      in this tap water was approximately 0.005 h-1, and with 10 compounds it was
      larger than 0.03 h-1. An average yield of 6.2 x 10(9) colony-forming units per mg
      of C was obtained from the maximum colony counts (colony-forming units per
      milliliter). The average yield and maximum colony count of strain P1525 grown in
      tap water supplied with a mixture of 45 compounds, each at a concentration of 1
      microgram of C per liter, enabled us to calculate that 28 compounds were
      utilized. Growth rates of two P. aeruginosa strains (including P1525) in various
      types of water at 15 degrees C were half of those of a fluorescent pseudomonad.
      The concentrations of assimilable organic carbon calculated from maximum colony
      counts and average yield values amounted to 0.1 to 0.7% of the total organic
      carbon concentrations in five types of tap water. The assimilable organic carbon
      percentages were about 10 times larger in river water and in water after
      ozonation.

PMID- 6817712
TI  - Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A,
      for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments.
AB  - Biochemical measures have provided insight into the biomass and community
      structure of sedimentary microbiota without the requirement of selection by
      growth or quantitative removal from the sediment grains. This study used the
      assay of the hydroxy fatty acids released from the lipid A of the
      lipopolysaccharide in sediments to provide an estimate of the gram-negative
      bacteria. The method was sensitive to picomolar amounts of hydroxy fatty acids.
      The recovery of lipopolysaccharide hydroxy fatty acids from organisms added to
      sediments was quantitative. The lipids were extracted from the sediments with
      single-phase chloroform-methanol extraction. The lipid-extraction residue was
      hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl, and the hydroxy fatty acids of the lipopolysaccharide were
      recovered in chloroform for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. This method
      proved to be about fivefold more sensitive than the classical phenol-water or
      trichloroacetic acid methods when applied to marine sediments. By examination of
      the patterns of hydroxy fatty acids, it was also possible to help define the
      community structure of the sedimentary gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 6817711
TI  - Reactivity of aflatoxin B2a antibody with aflatoxin B1-modified DNA and related
      metabolites.
AB  - Aflatoxin B2a (AFB2a) antiserum has been previously used in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of AFB1 and AFB2a. The present
      investigation examined the reactivity of the antiserum toward those adducts and
      metabolites of AFB1 believed to play a major role in aflatoxicosis and
      carcinogenesis. 2,3-Dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-N7-Gua),
      the putative 2,3-(N5-formyl-2-2', 5',6'-triamino-4-oxo-N5-pyrimidyl)-3
      hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-FAPyr), 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1
      diol), AFB1-N7-Gua-modified DNA, and AFB1-FAPyr-modified DNA were prepared by in
      vitro incubation or chemical methods and subjected to competitive AFB2a ELISA.
      The antiserum showed significant reactivity with all five compounds, indicating
      that it had a high degree of specificity for both the cyclopentenone and the
      methoxy group of the parent aflatoxin molecule. Sensitivity for AFB-N7-Gua
      modified DNA, AFB1-FAPyr-modified DNA, and AFB1-diol by the ELISA method was 0.1
      pmol per assay. To test the applicability of immunological detection of covalent
      binding of AFB1 to DNA, the ELISA was compared with a conventional radioisotopic
      assay in two in vitro studies. The results showed that estimates of the kinetics
      and substrate dependence of covalent binding to calf thymus DNA in rat microsomal
      incubation mixtures by both methods were comparable. The broad specificity AFB2a
      antibody might be of considerable value in the detection of AFB1 macromolecular
      adducts and related metabolites in epidemiological investigations or in the
      diagnosis of aflatoxicosis.

PMID- 6817713
TI  - Ultrastructure of the cell types of the anterior hypophysis in a lizard. IV.
      Thyrotrophs.
AB  - Thyrotrophs do not abound in the anterior hypophysis of the teiid lizard,
      Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Situated in the ventral and caudal regions, they are
      medium-sized rounded cells, with some angulation, having an eccentric, indented
      nucleus, coarse chromatin, a rather dense hyaloplasm and numerous free ribosomes.
      The rough endoplasmic reticulum is composed of vesicles, some tubules and, often,
      an isolated basal flat cisterna. The Golgi apparatus tends to be angular; small
      new secretory granules and many coated vesicles occur in this zone. Mitochondria
      are ovoid or elongate, with a dense matrix. Well constituted cilia, of the type 9
      + 2, may be found in these cells. The secretory granules are spherical and small,
      relatively uniform in size, and somewhat variable in density. Less opaque
      granules show a fine structural granularity; this difference is probably due to a
      maturation process. A narrow light space, or halo, usually exists between the
      bounding membrane and the core. The number of thyrotrophs is considerably
      increased by 15 days after thyroidectomy. Possibly many new cells differentiate
      from apparent syncytial foci of amitotic divisions. At the same time, thyrotrophs
      become highly hypertrophic, exhibiting vesicular nuclei with dispersed chromatin,
      greatly expanded Golgi apparatus, and very elongated mitochondria, as well as an
      extensive degranulation.

PMID- 6817714
TI  - Nitrate reductase from Penicillium chrysogenum: the reduced flavin-adenine
      dinucleotide-dependent reaction.

PMID- 6817715
TI  - Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent mechanisms for phosphatidylinositol
      hydrolysis and 32P-labeling during cholinergic stimulation of the rat
      submaxillary gland in vitro.

PMID- 6817716
TI  - Multiple forms of chlorophyll-protein complexes from a thermophilic
      cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.

PMID- 6817717
TI  - Somatomedin activity before and after chelation therapy in lead-intoxicated
      children.
AB  - Somatomedin activity was measured in 21 lead-intoxicated children to determine
      whether plumbism interferes with the processes of statural (bone) growth.
      Somatomedin activity was measured both by the rabbit coastal cartilage bioassay
      and by radioimmunoassay of somatomedin-C. Compared to values in normal children,
      both the bioassay and radioimmunoassay somatomedin activity was increased. The
      degree of body lead burden was so extensive that the 21 study children required
      chelation therapy. Following EDTA or BAL + EDTA chelation therapy, the overall
      somatomedin activity of these children with plumbism further increased
      significantly. In contrast, measures of body lead burden--including blood lead
      levels--decreased after treatment in all lead-intoxicated youngsters. We conclude
      that plumbism is associated with increased somatomedin activity. Hence the
      increased somatomedin activity may explain why clinical experience fails to find
      any long-term deleterious effect of saturnism on statural (bone) growth. Possible
      mechanisms underlying the increased somatomedin activity in the lead-intoxicated
      children remain to be defined.

PMID- 6817719
TI  - [Cerebral angiography and blood oxygenation and acid-base equilibrium].

PMID- 6817718
TI  - [Determination of oxyphenonium bromide in pharmaceutical preparations by using
      ion-selective electrode].

PMID- 6817720
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of the nuclear envelope in human sperm.
AB  - In freeze fracture preparations of normal human spermatozoa, nuclear pores were
      revealed in hexagonal arrangement over the sperm nucleus. The pores were 85 nm in
      diameter and were studded with numerous particles. The membrane of normal
      spermatozoa incubated without ionophore or calcium ions appeared continuous and
      enclosed the condensed chromatin closely. When the sperm were incubated with
      ionophore A23187 plus calcium ions to induce the acrosome reaction the nuclear
      envelope appeared to undergo dramatic topographical and morphological changes.
      Stretching, expanding, and loosening of the nuclear envelope and breaking down in
      certain regions was seen in thin sections. The importance of this phenomenon is
      discussed in relation to similar events occurring when the sperm penetrate the
      ovum.

PMID- 6817721
TI  - Effect of testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on
      inhibin production by sertoli cells in culture.
AB  - Inhibin activity in charcoal-extracted spent culture medium of Sertoli cells in
      Primary culture (CSCCM) was monitored by following the temporal inhibition of
      serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
      in normal adult male rats. Subcutaneous injection of CSCCM reduced LH and FSH
      levels within 15 min and maintained the inhibition up to 10 hr. No selective
      suppression of FSH was observed. The model was used to assess inhibin activity in
      CSCCM from Sertoli cell cultures incubated with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT), testosterone (T), and estradiol -17 beta (E2) (5 micrograms/ml) for 24 hr.
      CSCCM from T and E2 treated groups suppressed gonadotropins while the group
      exposed to DHT failed to elicit any inhibition. DHT seems to inhibit the release
      of inhibin by Sertoli Cells.

PMID- 6817722
TI  - [Purification of the Bence Jones protein from patients with myeloma].

PMID- 6817723
TI  - Xanthone-2-carboxylic acid effect on lens growth, hydration and proteins during
      diabetic cataract development.
AB  - The concomitant protective effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor, 7
      dimethylsulfamoyl-xanthone-2-carboxylic acid, were established by three lens
      parameters (soluble crystallin proteins, growth and cell hydration) because their
      quantitation provided a comprehensive index of lens physiology during sugar
      cataractogenesis in the rat neonate. Their fused eyelids provided the orbital
      pouch for topical administration of inhibitor to the treated lens; the
      contralateral pouch served as an untreated control. Protein preservation was
      determined by gel filtration chromatography. In galactose-maintained neonates,
      untreated lenses exhibited only 50% of the normal Fraction II protein whereas
      xanthone-treatment maintained 73% of this component. Quantitative analysis of
      scanning electron micrographs indicated that xanthone-treatment partially
      protected lenses against both intra and extracellular fluid accumulation as
      determined by measurements of individual fiber cell thickness, density (the
      number of cells/10 micron cortex), and interdigitation. In addition, xanthone
      treatment improved lens growth as evidenced by radius and dry weight
      measurements. Our results suggest that topically applied xanthone partially
      inhibited sugar cataractogenesis.

PMID- 6817724
TI  - The effect of the inhibition of PGI2-synthetase and lipoxygenase and of
      arachidonic acid on platelet-vessel wall interaction.

PMID- 6817725
TI  - Platelet aggregation measured in rabbit whole blood: in vitro study of 3
      aggregating agents and ex vivo inhibition by aspirin and ticlopidine.

PMID- 6817726
TI  - Oxygenation of arachidonic and linoleic acid by rabbit peritoneal tissue.

PMID- 6817727
TI  - Population genetics in the state of Nuevo Leon. III. Incidence of ABO, Rh(D), MN
      and other genetic traits among patients with cancer.

PMID- 6817729
TI  - beta-Glucosidase excretion by Trichoderma pseudokoningii: correlation with cell
      wall bound beta-1.3-glucanase activities.
AB  - The formation and excretion of beta-glucosidase from Trichoderma pseudokoningii
      was studied during growth on different carbon sources. The enzyme was present
      under all conditions examined, but increased activity was found during growth on
      carbon sources favouring slow growth. Two different patterns of beta-glucosidase
      excretion were observed: on carbon sources allowing fast growth a relatively high
      percentage of total activity was found in the culture fluid, which decreases as
      the culture grows older, but which increases again during the phase of cell
      lysis; on carbon sources favouring slow growth, excretion is initially low, but
      commences at later culture stages. Changes in cell wall composition and cell wall
      lytic enzyme activities associated with the cell walls were examined during
      phases of high and low ratios of extracellular to cell-wall bound beta
      glucosidase activities. With no component of the cell wall (chitin, alpha-glucan,
      beta-glucan, galactosamine) could correlation with beta-glucosidase excretion be
      identified. Among a number of cell-wall lytic, cell-wall associated enzymes
      (alpha-glucanases, beta-glucanases, glucosaminidase, galactosaminidase), beta-1.3
      glucanase activity correlated well with the excretion of beta-glucosidase. The
      results suggest a possible role of beta-1.3-glucanases in the mechanism of
      release of beta-glucosidase from cell walls of T. pseudokoningii; this is
      discussed.

PMID- 6817728
TI  - Studies in vivo on the methionine-sparing effect of cysteine in rats.
AB  - This investigation was conducted to clarify the role of cysteine on its
      methionine-sparing effect by studying in vivo the various parameters that are
      directly related to the metabolism of the methionine carbon, such as conversion
      to CO2, and incorporation of the methionine carbon into proteins, phospholipids
      and nucleic acids. At low (0.4%) dietary level of methionine, cysteine had a
      depressive effect on the oxidation of the methionine carbon to carbon dioxide,
      and with 0.51% cysteine in the diet the oxidation of the methyl or carboxyl
      carbon of methionine to CO2 was depressed by 29 and 20%, respectively. The amount
      of the label in urine samples was unaltered by the level of cysteine in the diet,
      and the body retention of either the methyl or carboxyl carbon of methionine was
      greater at low methionine intake when cysteine in the diet was increased. Under
      these conditions, rat growth was enhanced by feeding increasing amounts of
      cysteine. The incorporation of methionine methyl carbon into tissue nucleic acids
      and phospholipids was depressed by high (0.51%) levels of cysteine in the diet,
      at a low (0.4%) methionine intake. Under these conditions there was an increased
      incorporation of the methionine methyl or carboxyl carbon into tissue proteins.
      In addition, it appears that the resynthesis of methionine from homocysteine is
      enhanced by increasing the amounts of cysteine in the diet. All of these findings
      suggest that the addition of cysteine increases the avilability of methionine for
      protein synthesis and, hence, growth.

PMID- 6817730
TI  - [The portal approach in experimental transplantation of the pancreas.
      Experimental study].

PMID- 6817731
TI  - [Biohumoral variations during total parenteral nutrition with lipids. Effects on
      plasma lipoproteins in patients in cerebral coma in regression].
AB  - An assessment was made of the blood lipid pattern in a group of patients in
      critical situations subjected to T.P.N. with a mixed calorie intake (sugars,
      lipids, amino acids). It was found that the pronounced previous deficiency was
      corrected in a significantly shorter period, and that despite the large load on
      calories in the form of fats there were no changes worthy of note in the body
      fluids. Serial determination of lipoproteins before, during and after T.P.N.
      substantiated the clinical findings. Lab checks, within the limits set by
      intuitive variations, did not reveal alterations with a pathological meaning, for
      the very reason that they were not linked to organic enzyme and hormone
      deficiencies, but were positive changes attributable to the temporary exogenous
      input.

PMID- 6817732
TI  - [Metabolic imbalance during total parenteral nutrition. Experience in subjects
      with degenerative neurological diseases].
AB  - Various metabolic disturbances (hydroelectrolytic and basic acid imbalances, hypo
      and hyper- glycaemia etc.) are among the possible complications of N.P.T. A
      comparative statistical study of similar patients undergoing N.P.T. and others
      not so treated demonstrates that far from stimulating metabolic disturbances,
      N.P.T. is able to reduce the incidence of such conditions.

PMID- 6817733
TI  - [Introduction to total parenteral nutrition].
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition constitutes a recent resource of intensive therapy
      that can be applied to a great number of clinical cases. Its realization however
      requires precise knowledge of metabolic problems and of possible technical
      complications. As it is not exempt from risks it must be applied with specific
      competence and in carefully chosen cases.

PMID- 6817735
TI  - [Effect of lipoic acid, cocarboxylase and prednisolone on hepatocyte
      ultrastructure in toxic hepatitis].

PMID- 6817734
TI  - [Effect of graded protein supply at high-energy level on the fattening
      performance and the retention and utilization of feed energy, protein and amino
      acids by female fattening swine. 3. N retention and N and lysine metabolism
      determined by N balance and N analysis of the carcasses].
AB  - The slaughtering of female fattening pigs differently supplied with protein and
      lysine (nearly constant proportions) showed that a high supply (III) in
      comparison to the standard supply (II) did not bring about better results. The
      lower consumption of digestible crude protein and lysine (I) resulted in a
      prolonged fattening period, lower daily protein retention (by 23%) and a lower
      content in live weight growth (by 5%). The two feeding variants I and III are
      therefore ineconomical and not recommendable. There are significant positive
      correlations between N-retention calculated from 3 N-balance measurings in the
      first fattening period (up to the 44th fattening day) and N-deposit ascertained
      after the analysis at the carcasses at the beginning and at the end of fattening.
      By means of the calculated estimate functions (1) y = 4.724 + 0.5432x and (2) y =
      7.850 + 0.4961x the level of the real protein deposition (y) in the total
      fattening period can be derived from the N-balance (x) both in g per animal and
      day (1) and in g per kg live weight growth (2). The four complexes of causes for
      the differences in N-retention according to N-balance and N-deposit according to
      carcass analysis: 1. high N-deposition in the first fattening period; 2.
      unascertainable N-losses 3. the difference between slaughtering and total body
      weight and 4. physiologically caused deviations in the N-storage of the living
      organism, are discussed. Protein and lysine utilisations are comparable with
      values from literature achieved under similar conditions. In the group supplied
      according to standard (II) it is 29.5 and 45.6% resp. or, related to the digested
      quota, 36.6 and 57.7% resp. Here the protein (10.1 kg) and lysine (1,640 g)
      assigned for a live weight growth of 80 kg (35-115 kg) in 100 fattening days were
      consumed, which means that 162 g lysine were needed for 1 kg deposited protein.

PMID- 6817736
TI  - Long-term results of dialysis therapy with a highly permeable membrane.
AB  - A five-year study of short-term dialysis using highly permeable polyacrylonitrile
      membrane AN 69 was started in March 1973 to compare the effects of AN 69 and
      Cuprophan membrane (CM). The time of dialysis was calculated for each patient on
      the basis of vitamin B12 clearance of the dialyzer and the residual glomerular
      filtration rate. For the study, 101 patients (38,555 dialysis sessions) who had
      been dialyzed for more than six months were selected. They were divided into
      three groups: Group I (n = 31) patients treated with AN 69 only; Group II (n =
      31) patients treated with CM; Group III (n = 39) patients treated first with the
      CM and then with AN 69. Patients treated with AN 69 had higher levels of plasma
      urea but no particular metabolic disturbances were observed. The dialysis
      sessions were significantly better tolerated with AN 69 than with CM, however,
      the main advantage of using AN 69 is the shortening of dialysis time. The
      duration of dialysis was 9.5 +/- 0.2 hours per week with AN 69 and 16.4 +/- 0.2
      hours per week with CM. Shortening of dialysis time permits better social
      rehabilitation of the patients. The shorter dialysis was not associated with any
      recognizable side effects that could be demonstrated by routine clinical and
      biological analysis.

PMID- 6817737
TI  - Elimination of low molecular weight proteins during hemofiltration.
AB  - In patients on regular dialysis treatment, uremic symptoms (anemia, osteopathy,
      myopathy, neuropathy, and disorders of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism)
      may be partly due to an accumulation of low molecular weight (MW) proteins
      (10,000 to 60,000 daltons). We tested this hypothesis using membranes with a
      higher permeability than conventional Cuprophan membranes. The primary aim of the
      study was to test the cutoff of various hemofilters (Cuprophan [Highflux],
      polyamide [FH 20], cellulose acetate [Duoflux], and polyacrylonitrile [Hospal RP
      7 + 8 and Asahi PAN]) under in vivo conditions. In addition the effects of
      hemofiltration on plasma low molecular weight protein concentrations,
      polyneuropathy, and autonomic insufficiency were also tested in a long-term (six
      month) study using the membrane with the highest cutoff and most constant sieving
      coefficient, i.e., Highflux. Low MW proteins with a defined MW were used as
      marker substances. Sieving coefficients of beta 2-microglobulin, lysozyme,
      retinol-binding protein, alpha 1-glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin,
      albumin, and transferrin were determined during a four-hour hemofiltration (20 L
      ultrafiltrate). Proteins were analyzed using an immunodiffusion technique. In the
      long-term study, motor nerve conduction velocity, the Schellong test, and
      Valsalva maneuver were tested prior to and three and six months after
      hemofiltration therapy. Highflux, Duoflux, and FH 202 membranes were permeable to
      proteins with molecular weights up to 15,000 daltons, and the Highflux module had
      the most constant sieving coefficient during hemofiltration. In the six-month
      hemofiltration study with the Highflux filter, plasma beta 2-microglobulin and
      lysozyme decreased significantly as expected. Parameters of polyneuropathy and
      autonomic insufficiency were slightly improved.

PMID- 6817738
TI  - A new membrane for the oxygenation of blood.

PMID- 6817739
TI  - Storage of silicone particles in macrophages: an iatrogenic complication in
      dialysis patients.

PMID- 6817740
TI  - Upbeating nystagmus resulting from anticonvulsant intoxication. Report of a case.
AB  - A rare case of upbeating nystagmus, which occurred under the condition of a loss
      of visual fixation, due to anticonvulsant intoxication is reported. This patient,
      a 29 year old male, suffered from grand mal epilepsy for about 12 years, and he
      had been treated with anticonvulsive drugs. Although a neurological evaluation by
      a neurosurgeon could suggest the presence of a vague cerebellar sign, neuro
      otological evaluation disclosed diverse abnormal findings which clearly
      demonstrated the presence of dysfunction in the cerebellar system, especially of
      the verminal and flocculonodular lobe lesion. This may indicate that the
      anticonvulsive drug affected the vermis and flocculonodular lobe much more than
      the hemisphere of cerebellum, or that the cerebellar system sign in verminal and
      flocculonodular lobe lesion and its connection is detected more easily than the
      hemispheric lesion with the aid of a neuro-otological examination. It was
      presumed that the upbeating nystagmus in this case was elicited from the lesion
      of the anterior vermis of the cerebellum and/or its connections. Usefulness and
      sensitivity of the neuro-otological examination in the field of dysequilibrium of
      central disorder as well as peripheral vestibular disorder is emphasized.

PMID- 6817741
TI  - Iris microhaemangiomas.

PMID- 6817742
TI  - Hypercapnic ventilatory control in patients with chronic airflow obstruction: a
      follow-up study.
AB  - A four year follow-up study of ventilatory control has been performed in 50
      patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Hypercapnia was induced by
      rebreathing, and both the ventilation and the mouth pressures produced during
      transient airway conclusion during inspiration were obtained. Both the
      chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypercapnia (delta P/delta PCO2) and the ventilatory
      response (delta V/delta PCO2) measured during the initial study were shown to be
      unrelated to prognosis when the outcome of these patients was determined four
      years later. A relationship between initial hypercapnia and survival was found.
      Twenty of the patients were restudied. No significant change occurred in the
      chemosensitivity to hypercapnia over the four year period. In the initial study
      and the follow-up study hypercapnia was also found to be associated with a
      reduced chemoreceptor sensitivity. Although both chemosensitivity to hypercapnia
      and survival were found to be separately related to arterial CO2 tension, there
      was no direct relationship between them. These results suggest that any possible
      influence of chemosensitivity on survival is likely to be overshadowed by other
      factors.

PMID- 6817743
TI  - Hydrothorax: a delayed complication of parenteral nutrition via a central venous
      catheter.

PMID- 6817744
TI  - Early odor preference of rats are preserved by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine.

PMID- 6817745
TI  - Delayed emergency of cholinergic inhibitory functioning in undernourished mice.

PMID- 6817746
TI  - A polymorphic variant of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I with a widespread
      distribution in Australian aborigines, CAI Australia-9 (8 Asp leads to Gly):
      purification, properties, amino acid substitution, and possible physiological
      significance of the variant enzyme.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase I (EC 4.2.1.1) purified from the pooled packed red blood cells
      of 100 individuals typed as heterozygous for the common Australian Aboriginal
      carbonic anhydrase I variant CAI Australia-9 had a slightly higher specific CO2
      hydratase or esterase (toward p-nitrophenyl acetate) activity than the normal
      component and a higher Km and Vmax using the esterase substrate. The variant
      enzyme was slightly more resistant to heat inactivation. The extent of inhibition
      of both enzymes by the specific inhibitor acetazolamide was identical, as was
      their immunological behavior and the lability of the active-site zinc ion. The
      variant enzyme was more resistant to chloride inhibition. The physiological
      importance of this observation is discussed in the context of a proposed adaptive
      advantage of the variant gene in the arid western and central regions of
      Australia. The amino acid substitution in the Aboriginal variant of a glycine for
      an aspartic acid residue has been located at residue 8 from the N terminus (i.e.,
      8 Asp leads to Gly), by proteolytic and partial acid hydrolyses. The possible
      effects of this substitution on the structure and function of the molecule are
      discussed.

PMID- 6817747
TI  - Chemical and enzymological characterization of an Indonesian variant of human
      erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase II, CAII Jogjakarta (17 Lys leads to Glu).
AB  - A new variant of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was discovered in
      a single heterozygous individual during routine screening of blood samples from
      the island of Java in Indonesia. The normal and variant components of the
      heterozygous CAII mixture were resolved by isoelectric focusing following
      purification by a specific affinity matrix. Specific esterase activities and
      Michaelis-Menten constants were identical. Only very small differences were noted
      with respect to inhibition by acetazolamide and chloride. Double diffusion
      analysis showed the immunological identify of the normal and variant enzymes. The
      variant CAII was considerably less heat stable than the normal enzyme. The
      variant was slightly more stable than the normal enzyme upon dialysis against the
      zinc chelator dipicolinic acid (PDCA), indicating a tighter binding of zinc than
      the normal enzyme. Analysis of tryptic peptides from the normal and variant
      enzymes indicated that, in the variant, lysine at position 17 from the N terminus
      had changed to glutamic acid. The differences in physiochemical properties
      observed for the normal and variant enzyme are discussed in relation to the
      possible effects of this substitution on the structure of the CAII molecule.

PMID- 6817748
TI  - Effect of Co2+-substitution on the substrate specificity of phospholipase C from
      Bacillus cereus during attack on two membrane systems.
AB  - Phospholipid degradation by native phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus and
      enzyme forms where one or both of the Zn2+ prosthetic groups had been replaced
      with Co2+ was studied in human erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) and resuspended
      freeze-dried bovine brain myelin. The rate of total phospholipid degradation was
      2-9-fold more rapid with erythrocytes than with myelin. With both membrane
      systems the activity decreased in the order ZnZn-enzyme greater than ZnCo-enzyme
      greater than CoCo-enzyme. For all three enzyme forms with either membrane system,
      phosphatidylethanolamine (or the ethanolamine-containing phosphoglycerides) and
      phosphatidylcholine were hydrolysed most rapidly and sphingomyelin least. The
      relative rate of sphingomyelin degradation was highest with the ZnCo-enzyme. In
      myelin at low ionic strength there seemed to be a core of phospholipid that was
      very resistant to degradation by native phospholipase C but which was much more
      accessible to the Co2+-substituted forms. It is suggested that ZnCo-phospholipase
      C has potential applications in membrane studies.

PMID- 6817750
TI  - Evidence for an endogenous protein inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium
      pump in heart muscle.

PMID- 6817749
TI  - Mechanism of inactivation of trypsin by antithrombin.
AB  - General aspects of the mechanism of antithrombin action were elucidated by a
      comparison of the inactivation of trypsin by antithrombin with the inactivation
      of coagulation proteinases by the inhibitor. Bovine antithrombin and bovine
      trypsin were shown to form an inactive equimolar complex. A non-complexed,
      proteolytically modified form of antithrombin, electrophoretically identical with
      that formed in the reaction with coagulation proteinases, was also produced in
      the reaction with trypsin. In the absence of heparin, the inactivation of trypsin
      by antithrombin was 20 times faster than the inactivation of thrombin; the second
      order rate constant was 1.5 x 10(5)m(-1).s(-1) at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4.
      However, the inhibition of thrombin was accelerated about 30 times more
      efficiently by small amounts of heparin than was trypsin inhibition. Dissociation
      of the antithrombin-trypsin complex at pH 7.4 followed first-order kinetics with
      a half-life for the complex of about 80h at 25 degrees C. The complex was rapidly
      and quantitatively dissociated at pH 11, resulting in the liberation of a
      modified two-chain form of the inhibitor, cleaved at the same Arg-Ser bond as in
      modified antithrombin released from complexes with thrombin, Factor Xa and Factor
      IXa. This supports the previous proposal that this bond is the active-site bond
      of antithrombin. Antisera specific for thrombin-modified antithrombin reacted
      with purified antithrombin-trypsin complex, indicating that the inhibitor was
      present in the complex in a form immunologically identical with thrombin-modified
      antithrombin. The results thus suggest a common mechanism, but different
      kinetics, for the inhibition of trypsin and coagulation proteinases by
      antithrombin.

PMID- 6817751
TI  - A binding activity of actin with human C1q.

PMID- 6817752
TI  - Phenol, a competitive inhibitor of CO2 hydration catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.

PMID- 6817753
TI  - De novo formation of the niaD gene directed protomer in the NADPH-nitrate
      reductase of Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 6817754
TI  - Iron-containing acid phosphatases: interaction of phosphate with the enzyme from
      pig allantoic fluid.

PMID- 6817755
TI  - Inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase by mannitol.

PMID- 6817756
TI  - ADP-ribosylation of brain synaptosomal proteins correlates with adenylate cyclase
      activation.

PMID- 6817757
TI  - Somatocrinin, growth hormone releasing factor, stimulates secretion of growth
      hormone in anesthetized rats.

PMID- 6817758
TI  - Morquio disease, type B: activation of GM1-beta-galactosidase by GM1-activator
      protein.

PMID- 6817759
TI  - The nature of the inhibition of rat liver monoamine oxidase types A and B by the
      acetylenic inhibitors clorgyline, l-deprenyl and pargyline.
AB  - The kinetics of inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by
      clorgyline, l-deprenyl and pargyline are consistent with a mechanism whereby a
      reversible interaction between the inhibitor and the enzyme active site under
      conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium is followed by a time-dependent formation
      of the covalently-bound enzyme-inhibitor adduct. The Ki value for the reversible
      interaction between clorgyline and monoamine oxidase A is about 1000 times lower
      than that towards the B-form of the enzyme, and this difference is sufficient to
      account for most, but not all, of the selectivity of the inhibition caused by
      this compound. The Ki value of the monoamine oxidase B selective inhibitor l
      deprenyl towards that form of the enzyme is only about 40-fold lower than that
      towards the A-form. However, in this case, the rate of formation of the
      irreversible adduct is considerably faster for the B-form than for the A-form and
      this makes a major contribution to the selectivity of this compound. Pargyline
      shows a Ki value towards monoamine oxidase B that is only 8 times lower than that
      towards the A-form and in this case the rates of formation of the enzyme
      inhibitor adducts are similar. The significance of these results are discussed in
      terms of the selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase.

PMID- 6817760
TI  - The release of prostacyclin (PGI2) by pentoxifylline from human vascular tissue.
AB  - The influence of pentoxifylline (Trental) on prostacyclin (PGI2) formation was
      studied in vitro, using preparations of human umbilical arteries and veins. In
      addition, the thromboxane formation in human platelets was investigated.
      Pentoxifylline at 11 mumol/l concentration stimulated PGI2-release from umbilical
      veins from 14 +/- 8 to 28 +/- 4 pmol/100 mm2 (P less than 0.05). Similarly,
      pentoxifylline stimulated PGI2-formation in umbilical arteries at 36 and 110
      mumol/l concentration from 12 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 10 and 25 +/- 4 pmol/100 mm2,
      respectively (P less than 0.05). These amounts of pentoxifylline also produced
      dose-dependent relaxation of venous and arterial vessel strips but did not change
      the ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma in
      vitro. There was no influence by pentoxifylline on the arachidonic acid-induced
      thromboxane formation of human platelets. These data demonstrate for the first
      time stimulation of PGI2-formation in human blood vessels by pentoxifylline in
      vitro. It is suggested, that the antiplatelet effects of pentoxifylline in vivo
      may be mediated by primary vascular mechanisms.

PMID- 6817761
TI  - [Uroprotection with mesna in the chemotherapy of malignant tumors with
      oxazaphosphorines. Biometric evaluation of a sequential clinical study].
AB  - A multicentre, randomised, clinical study was performed by sequential analysis to
      quantify the uroprotective efficacy of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna,
      Asta D 7093, Uromitexan) during high-dosed chemotherapy with oxazaphosphorines.
      Patients were entered as matched pairs serially according to time of admission,
      trial centre, cytostatic therapy (cyclophosphamide, Endoxan; ifosfamide, Holoxan)
      and tumor diagnosis, and were given uroprotection at random either with mesna or
      standard prophylactic measures. The maximum number of erythrocytes in the urine
      (n/microliter) was chosen as effect variable in a qualitative manner: effective
      protection delta less than or equal to 15 erythrocytes/microliter urine
      ineffective protection delta greater than 15 erythrocytes/microliter urine. The
      scheme of sequential analysis was based on 1. a uroprotective efficacy of 70% of
      the standard prophylaxis, 2. an assumed efficacy of 95% of mesna treatment and 3.
      an alpha-error and beta-error of 0.05 and 0.10 respectively. The admission of the
      twentieth patient completed the eighth matched pair of patients. This pair proved
      to be the sixth discordant pair with regard to uroprotective efficacy. The
      significant uroprotective superiority (p less than 0.05) of mesna was proven in
      view of clear decisions in favour of the test compound.

PMID- 6817762
TI  - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of nitroglycerin ointment in pacing-induced
      angina pectoris.
AB  - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of nitroglycerin ointment (40 mg nitroglycerin)
      were tested on 15 patients with clinical evidence of stable angina. Basal value
      (B) and atrial pacing (AP)-dependent changes were evaluated before and 30 min
      after ointment administration. After treatment tension time index (TTI) basal
      value showed a 19% reduction (p less than 0.05). Compared to the control a lesser
      AP-dependent increase was also noted (27%, compared to 45%; p less than 0.005).
      According to TTI reduction, MVO2 showed an evident decrease both in basal
      conditions and during AP (21% and 29.6%, respectively). On the contrary,
      diastolic pressure time index (DPTI) does not result significantly influenced by
      the treatment. Consequently, DPTI/TTI ratio increase is largely the result of TTI
      reduction, which is well correlated to myocardial oxygen demand. Coronary sinus
      blood flow decrease (16% and 27% under basal conditions and during AP,
      respectively) confirms that the therapeutic efficacy of the ointment does not
      result from an increase in myocardial oxygen supply. Finally, during AP
      nitroglycerin ointment resulted in a significant decrease in myocardial lactate
      release (L% mean value ranges from-17.5% to 3.4%; p less than 0.001). Such an
      improvement probably reflects a primary influence of the drug on the
      extracoronary vascular bed.

PMID- 6817763
TI  - Absence of an effect of terfenadine on guinea pig brain histamine H1-receptors in
      vivo determined by receptor binding techniques.
AB  - Alpha-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-
      piperidinebutanol (terfenadine, RMI 9918, Triludan, Teldane, resp.) inhibition of
      the in vitro binding of [3H]mepyramine to histamine H1-receptors prepared from
      guinea pig brain and ileum was characterized under several experimental
      conditions. After an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of either terfenadine
      or chlorpheniramine, brain and ileum were obtained to determine in vitro the
      binding of [3H]mepyramine to histamine H1-receptors. While the binding of ligand
      to receptors from the ileum of both terfenadine and chlorpheniramine treated
      animals was almost completely inhibited, the ligand binding to receptors from
      brains of chlorpheniramine treated but not terfenadine treated animals was
      affected. When terfenadine was added to receptor homogenates from guinea pig
      brain and ileum, it antagonized the binding of [3H]mepyramine to receptors from
      both tissues. The potency of terfenadine antagonism of ligand binding was similar
      to both ileal (IC50, 200 nmol/l) and brain (IC50, 300 nmol/l) receptors. The
      kinetics of in vitro antagonism by terfenadine of [3H]mepyramine binding to
      receptors is unique in that antagonism of ligand binding by terfenadine was
      enhanced by a longer incubation of the receptors with this drug and H1-receptor
      blockade by terfenadine could not be reversed by extensive washing of these
      receptors at 25 degrees C. These results show that terfenadine treatment does not
      result in sufficient levels in the brain to inhibit central histamine receptors
      at a dose which overwhelmingly inhibits histamine receptors in peripheral tissue.
      It is proposed that terfenadine slowly associates with the H1-receptor and forms
      a stable complex from which it dissociates quite slowly.

PMID- 6817764
TI  - Metabolic disposition of terfenadine in laboratory animals.
AB  - Alpha-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-
      piperidinebutanol (terfenadine, RMI 9918, Triludan, Teldane, resp.), a clinically
      effective antihistamine, with little or no central nervous system effects, was
      investigated in order to understand its metabolic disposition. These 14C
      terfenadine studies were performed in laboratory animals, principally the rat,
      and also in beagle dog and monkey (Macaca mulatta). In all three species the
      fecal pathway of excretion was predominant with nearly all the elimination
      occurring within 24 h of administration. The data suggest that biliary excretion
      plays a prominent role. Tissue distribution studies indicated that the liver and
      lung, relative to other tissues, exhibited the highest concentrations of 14C
      terfenadine equivalents. However, brain had low amounts of 14C-terfenadine which
      was in general agreement with the whole-body autoradiographic studies which did
      not show radioactivity in brain or spinal cord. The evidence suggests that
      terfenadine was metabolized rapidly with no terfenadine in urine or bile and
      small amounts in feces. Tissue concentrations of terfenadine were in the low
      nanogram range and peaked at 0.5-1.0 h with lung exhibiting the greatest and the
      brain sub-quantifiable amounts. The ratios of 14C-terfenadine eq/terfenadine were
      high and greatest in the liver and kidney. These studies demonstrated that
      terfenadine was readily absorbed and eliminated, virtually had undergone complete
      biotransformation and exhibited very low tissue concentrations per se.

PMID- 6817765
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation studies of terfenadine in man.
AB  - Comparison of plasma level data obtained from a dose-response study to that of a
      14C material balance study indicates that 99.48% of the alpha-[4-(1,1
      dimethylethyl)phenyl] 4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinebutanol (terfenadine,
      RMI 9918, Triludan, Teldane, resp.) related material absorbed undergoes
      biotransformation. From the balance study it has been determined that fecal
      excretion accounts for ca. 60% of the dose administered. Thin-layer
      chromatographic analysis of urine and feces revealed the presence of two major
      metabolic products. These compounds have been isolated and their structures
      determined by GC-MS. One of the metabolic products, a carboxylic acid analog of
      terfenadine has been shown to have antihistaminic activity and may play a role in
      the activity of the parent drug in vivo.

PMID- 6817766
TI  - [Trinitroglycerin ointment and oral isosorbide dinitrate: comparison of the
      hemodynamic effects induced in acute myocardial infarct with left ventricular
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6817767
TI  - [Protective effect of Nitrocor (2 percent nitroglycerin ointment) in patients
      with unstable angina, evaluated with dynamic ECG].

PMID- 6817768
TI  - [Evaluation of the significance of elevation of the ST segment in the post-acute
      phase of myocardial infarct. Study with thoracic electromaps].

PMID- 6817769
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of various preparations of glyceryl trinitrate.
AB  - 1 The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of five pharmaceutical preparations
      of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) have been studied in six healthy volunteers. 2 Peak
      plasma GTN levels of 1.4 +/- 0.1 ng/ml were achieved at 3 min after sublingual
      administration (0.5 mg); 2.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml and 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml at 2 h and 4 h
      after Nitrocontin (6.4 mg) and Sustac (6.4 mg) respectively; 2.7 +/- 0.1 ng/ml
      and 2.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml at 30 min after the cream (23 mg) and ointment (35 mg)
      respectively. 3 The mean times to reach half peak plasma GTN levels were 4.2 +/-
      0.7 min after sublingual GTN, 6.5 +/- 0.9 h after Nitrocontin, 4.1 +/- 0.7 h
      after Sustac, 46.1 +/- 10.2 min after the ointment and 50.2 +/- 39.2 min after
      the cream. 4 Plasma nitrate (NO3) levels were undetectable after sublingual
      administration; peak NO3 levels were 0.48 +/- 0.03 microgram/ml at 4 h after
      Nitrocontin, 0.45 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml at 6 h after Sustac, 0.68 +/- 0.04
      microgram/ml at 6 h (end of study) after the ointment and 0.63 microgram/ml at 4
      h after the cream. 5 Plasma nitrite (NO2) was undetectable after sublingual GTN
      and peak NO2 levels were 0.48 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml at 2 h after Nitrocontin,
      0.48 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml at 2 h after Sustac, 0.69 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml at 1 h
      after the ointment and 0.64 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml at 1 h after the cream. 6 Blood
      pressure (BP) declined throughout the 11 min of the study after sublingual GTN
      but did not change significantly after Nitrocontin or Sustac. After the ointment
      and the cream BP fell to the lowest level 30-60 min after administration and
      remained low throughout the 6 h of the study. 7 Heart rate (HR) increased to a
      maximum 5 min after sublingual administration with no significant increase after
      Nitrocontin or Sustac. After the ointment and the cream HR increased gradually to
      a maximum 30-60 min after administration remaining high throughout the rest of
      the study.

PMID- 6817770
TI  - The effects of bupropion, a new antidepressant drug, and diazepam, and their
      interaction in man.

PMID- 6817771
TI  - A placebo controlled study of the cardiovascular effects of fluvoxamine and
      clovoxamine in human volunteers.
AB  - 1 Fluvoxamine and clovoxamine, two new potential antidepressants were given to 27
      healthy male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo controlled, three-way
      crossover study. 2 Neither compound affected the electrical intervals of 24 h
      ambulant electrocardiographic monitoring with the exception of a small increase
      in R-R interval. 3 There were no changes in blood pressure measurements. 4 The
      only notable unwanted symptom was nausea for both fluvoxamine and clovoxamine.

PMID- 6817772
TI  - The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on heart rate--corrected systolic time
      intervals in angina pectoris.
AB  - 1 Individual systolic time intervals (STI) v heart rate regression equations were
      determined using small doses of intravenous atropine in seven patients with
      angina pectoris. 2 Regression lines of the form LVET = A + B.HR and QS2 = C +
      D.HR were calculated. There was no significant correlation between PEP and HR.
      The values of parameters A C and D were significantly different from a group of
      previously studied normal volunteers. 3 STI changes were recorded for 5 h after
      the application of GTN or placebo ointment. The active drug caused shortening of
      LVET and QS2 with the peak effect occurring between 105 and 180 min. After 180
      min neither LVET nor QS2 were significantly shortened. There was no significant
      effect on PEP or heart rate.

PMID- 6817773
TI  - Antagonism of the central effects of 3-methylclonazepam.

PMID- 6817774
TI  - Correlation between Ig-synthesis patterns and lymphoma classification.
AB  - This study examines the link between free immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain (LC)
      secretion and the developmental stage of the neoplastic B-cell of origin in B
      cell lymphomas. The Kiel developmental scheme for lymphoma classification has
      been used to define the tumour-cell populations. Twenty-four B-cell lymphomas
      have been studied. In the small-lymphocytic lymphoma group, secreted Ig consisted
      of LC exclusively or in excess over heavy-chain (HC). Lymphomas of follicular
      centre-cell origin, considered to be from cells further along the normal B-cell
      differentiation pathway, can be divided into centroblasts or centrocytes
      according to their histological appearance in tissue sections. Centroblastic
      lymphomas exhibited strong surface IgM or IgG expression, and the secretion of
      whole Ig was higher than by cells from the small-lymphocytic lymphomas. Synthesis
      of HC and LC was balanced in these cultures, both intracellularly and in secreted
      material. The centrocytic lymphomas comprised a functionally more heterogeneous
      group, the SIg varied in intensity and was of surface IgM, D or G. Likewise Ig
      synthesis was variable in quantity and composition, some cases secreting LC
      exclusively while others, including the cases expressing SIgG, secreted balanced
      HC and LC. In the Kiel classification centrocytes are considered to be more
      mature than centroblasts. Our data suggest that centrocytic lymphomas are
      heterogeneous in origin, some preceding and others following centroblasts in the
      B-cell maturation sequence. These data are discussed in relation to current
      concepts of B-cell maturation and lymphoma histology.

PMID- 6817775
TI  - Tumour lysis as a factor affecting blood levels of CEA.
AB  - A hypothesis is proposed that tumour lysis may be an important factor affecting
      blood levels of CEA. This has been explored in an experimental study with a model
      tumour system, consisting of immune-deprived mice bearing human CEA-producing
      tumours. Using agents such as irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, diphtheria
      toxin and techniques such as cryosurgery, it has been shown that tumour lysis is
      important when it is both rapid and extensive. The extent to which this may occur
      in patients remains uncertain, except in rare instances of dramatic response of
      malignant disease to treatment.

PMID- 6817776
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate in bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - A double-blind cross-over trial compared the efficacy of ketotifen (1 mg b.d.)
      and DSCG (20 mg q.d.s.) as prophylactic therapy for asthma. It involved two eight
      week periods of active therapy, each being preceded by two weeks of double
      placebo treatment. Analysis of symptoms recorded on diary cards showed that there
      was a reduction in the cough score in the atopic asthmatics on DSCG compared to
      ketotifen, and reductions in the cough score, wheeze and dyspnoea on DSCG when
      compared with placebo. There was a significant reduction in the diurnal variation
      in PEFR during treatment with DSCG compared to ketotifen and improvement in
      morning PEFR on DSCG compared with placebo. It was concluded that DSCG resulted
      in a significant therapeutic effect during the trial, whereas ketotifen (1 mg
      b.d.) did not.

PMID- 6817777
TI  - A study of macrophage-mediated initiation of fibrosis by asbestos and silica
      using a diffusion chamber technique.
AB  - Several cellular interactions have been identified as potentially important in
      fibrogenesis induced by mineral dusts. Evaluation of their relative importance in
      vivo remains a problem. Sealed diffusion chambers limited by Nuclepore membranes
      and implanted into mouse peritoneal cavities provide a means of assessing
      different stages of fibrogenesis by separating initiating mechanisms (dust
      macrophage-lymphocyte combinations inside the chamber) from the target tissue.
      Fibrous reactions surrounding the chambers were quantitated by macroscopic and
      histological scoring, and by measurement of 14C glycine incorporated at the
      reaction site. Using this model the fibrogenicity of Rhodesian A chrysotile
      asbestos, DQ12 quartz and haematite were compared. Whereas asbestos-macrophage
      ratios of between 6 . 6 and 900 micrograms/10(6) mouse peritoneal macrophages
      (MPM) produced fibrosis, an equivalent response was obtained with 0.05 micrograms
      silica/10(6) MPM. Silica in amounts greater than this produced macrophage
      cytotoxicity without fibrogenesis. Haematite-macrophage combinations produced no
      significant fibrosis. It was confirmed that a direct dust-macrophage interaction
      forms the essential first step in fibrogenesis by both asbestos and silica and
      that the fibrogenicity is mediated by diffusible factor(s). Prior stimulation of
      host mice with Freund's complete adjuvant modified the fibrogenic response to
      some dust-cell combinations, suggesting an important role for host responses in
      determining the outcome of fibrogenic stimuli.

PMID- 6817778
TI  - The effect of dietary sodium chloride and gamma-glutamyl dopa on tubular necrosis
      following glycerol administration in the rat.

PMID- 6817779
TI  - An alternative role for specific antibody in neutrophil bactericidal activity
      against highly pathogenic group B streptococci.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken into the role of antibody and complement in
      neutrophil phagocytosis and killing of group B streptococci of low and high
      pathogenicity. Phagocytosis of both types of organism appears to be a nonspecific
      event requiring only nonspecific antibody or complement. However, neutrophil
      bactericidal activity is mediated by the pathogenicity of the infecting organism.
      Neutrophils alone can kill some streptococci of low pathogenicity, but their
      killing ability is considerably increased in the presence of specific antibody or
      complement. An active role for the alternative pathway of complement in the
      killing process was demonstrated for organisms of low pathogenicity. Neutrophils
      did not kill the highly pathogenic organisms in the absence of antibody and
      complement, and required specific antibody, but not complement, to kill these
      bacteria. The alternative complement pathway is not involved in killing of highly
      pathogenic organisms. Addition of specific antibody to neutrophils containing
      ingested bacteria stimulated the neutrophils to kill the intracellular bacteria,
      suggesting an alternative role for specific antibody in the killing process other
      than as an opsonin. It is suggested that activation of Fc receptors on the
      neutrophil surface initiates the bactericidal action of the neutrophils.

PMID- 6817780
TI  - Role of lipid content and hydrogen peroxide susceptibility in determining the
      guinea-pig virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Among isoniazid-sensitive strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strong
      associations were found in 56 strains of phage type A and I from India, Burma and
      East Africa between attenuation in the guinea-pig, a low content of strongly
      acidic (SAL) and sulphatide (SL) lipids, the presence of the attenuation
      indicator (AI) lipid and phage type I, suggesting that lipid content might
      mediate attenuation. However, 22 strains of phage type B and I from Iran and
      Britain also had low contents of SAL and SL but were highly virulent. Although
      the finding of a strong association in all 78 strains between attenuation and
      H2O2 susceptibility in vitro supports other evidence that attenuation is often
      due to increased susceptibility to H2O2 secreted by macrophages, an alternative
      mediator of virulence probably exists since 8 of the strains were attenuated and
      also resistant to H2O2. Identification of South Indian attenuated strains for
      epidemiological purposes by in vitro tests would be best achieved by the presence
      of AI, H2O2 susceptibility and, if the strains originated in or near India, by
      phage type I.

PMID- 6817781
TI  - Antibody interaction with a membrane-bound fluorescent ligand on synthetic lipid
      vesicles.
AB  - The interaction of membrane-bound ligand with bivalent and monovalent fragments
      of monoclonal antibody was studied by fluorescence and precipitation analysis
      using synthetic lipid vesicles. The ligand N epsilon-[5-(dimethylamino)-naphthyl
      1-sulfonyl]lysine was linked to the hydrophobic anchor
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine and ranged between 0.01 and 1 mol% of the
      membrane components. The effects of cholesterol on the specific interaction were
      observed over the range of 0-50 mol%. A precipitation assay was developed to
      evaluate various factors related to the cross-linking of small unilamellar
      vesicles by bivalent antibody. The cholesterol content was critical for this
      process as demonstrated by the increased efficiency of precipitation over the
      range of 0-40 mol% of this component. Fluorescence analysis yielded the parallel
      finding of increased accessibility of the ligand to the antibody with greater
      cholesterol content. Increased surface density of the ligand also was found to
      enhance the intervesicle interaction. Finally, a comparison of the kinetics by
      fluorescence analysis of the binding of monovalent and bivalent fragments
      indicated that the bivalent interaction involved primarily the cross-linking of
      vesicles in accord with published findings of the interaction of monoclonal
      antibody with cell membrane antigens.

PMID- 6817782
TI  - Hydrogen-1, carbon-13, and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of
      the dihydrofolate reductase-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-folate
      complex: characterization of three coexisting conformational states.
AB  - The Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase-folate-NADP+ complex is shown by
      1H and 13C NMR to exist in three interconverting conformational states, I, IIa,
      and IIb. The proportions of the three states, as estimated from the intensities
      of the three separate 13C resonances observed in the complex containing [3
      carboxamido-13C]NADP+, are pH dependent. State I predominates at low pH and
      states IIa and IIb predominate at high pH; the ratio IIa:IIb is pH independent.
      The pH dependence of the interconversion of states I and IIa + IIb can be
      explained by a model in which a group on the enzyme has a pK of less than 5 in
      state IIa + IIb and greater than 7 in state I. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR has been used
      to characterize the structural differences between the three states of the
      complex. As judged by the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the bound coenzyme,
      states I and IIa are similar to one another but quite different from state IIb.
      This difference appears to be a localized one, since only the nicotinamide 2 and
      4 protons, nicotinamide 3-carboxamide 13C, and pteridine 7 proton show
      differences in chemical shift between these states. These differences are,
      however, large--up to 1.4 ppm for 1H and 2 ppm for 13C. The remaining coenzyme
      protons, as well as the three 31P nuclei, are unaffected. Studies of the C2
      proton resonances of the seven histidine residues show that the ionizable group
      responsible for the interconversion of states I and IIa + IIb is not a histidine
      (although two histidines show slight differences in environment between states
      IIa and IIb); the possible identity of this ionizable group and the nature of the
      conformational differences between the states are discussed.

PMID- 6817783
TI  - Mechanism for the increase in solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S due to cross
      linking the beta chains between lysine-82 beta 1 and lysine-82 beta 2.

PMID- 6817784
TI  - Detection and characterization using circular dichroism and fluorescence
      spectroscopy of a stable intermediate conformation formed in the denaturation of
      bovine carbonic anhydrase with guanidinium chloride.
AB  - Particularly stable elements of noncovalent structure in bovine carbonic
      anhydrase have been detected and studied. These are present in a highly populated
      intermediate state formed during denaturation of the enzyme with guanidinium
      chloride. The intermediate has been detected by analysis of the denaturation
      profiles, and some of its structural properties have been characterized by CD and
      fluorescence spectroscopy, including fluorescence polarization and lifetime
      measurements. Measurements have been made on the Zn2+-enzyme, Co2+-enzyme, and
      apoenzyme to ascertain the structural effects of the active-site Zn2+. Kinetic
      measurements indicate that this intermediate is on the folding pathway from the
      random coil to the native state.

PMID- 6817785
TI  - Effect of lysine modification on the activity of the sigma subunit of Escherichia
      coli RNA polymerase.
AB  - The function of lysyl residues of the sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase from
      Escherichia coli was investigated by chemical modification with
      trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Following reaction with TNBS, analysis of
      the modified sigma indicated that trinitrophenylation was limited to the epsilon
      amino groups of lysyl residues. Progressive loss in the activity of sigma
      followed increasing trinitrophenylation as assayed by the ability to stimulate
      RNA polymerase core enzyme in a reaction directed by T7 DNA. Modification of five
      lysyl groups resulted in the complete loss of sigma activity. Kinetic analysis
      indicated that one lysyl group is critical for the function of sigma. TNP-sigma
      was able to form a holoenzyme complex with a binding affinity comparable to that
      of sigma. Promoter recognition studies were done by using HindIII fragments from
      T5 DNA. The TNP-sigma core complex was unable to form a tight binary complex with
      the T5 promoters. Studies on RNA chain initiation were carried out by using d(A
      T)n and T7 DNA templates. TNP-sigma was unable to stimulate RNA chain initiation
      by core polymerase. Limited proteolytic digests of TNP-sigma or sigma using
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results suggested a change in the
      conformation of sigma following trinitrophenylation.

PMID- 6817786
TI  - High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the nickel(II)
      derivative of azurin.
AB  - High-resolution (360 and 470 MHz) 1H NMR studies of Ni(II) azurin, the nickel(II)
      derivative of the blue copper protein azurin, are reported. The aliphatic
      resonances of Ni(II) azurin closely parallel those of apoazurin and Cu(I) azurin
      and indicate that no major structural changes are associated with the binding of
      nickel(II). The magnetic moment of Ni(II) azurin (mueff = 3.2 muB) is in keeping
      with a pseudotetrahedral coordination environment like that of Cu(I) azurin.
      Resonances of protons from the ligand moieties are shifted as far as 125 ppm
      downfield from 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonate and as far as 20 ppm
      upfield by internal fields due to the nickel center. One of these strongly
      shifted resonances is assigned to the methyl protons of the methionine ligand.
      From spectra of Ni(II) azurin as a function of pH, the pKa' values of histidine
      35 and histidine-83 have been measured to be approximately 6.0 and 7.5,
      respectively. Histidine-35 titrates in a discontinuous fashion, and,
      significantly, so do several of the isotropically shifted ligand protons, also
      within experimental error with the same pHmid. This result reinforces the
      suggestion that the conformational change coupled to the protonation of histidine
      35 plays an important role in regulating electron transfer reactions of native
      azurin [Silvestrini, M. C., Brunori, M., Wilson, M. T., & Darley-Usmar, V. M.
      (1981) J. Inorg. Biochem. 14, 327-338].

PMID- 6817787
TI  - Structure-function relationships in lactose synthase. Structural requirements of
      the uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose binding site.
AB  - The structural requirements for the donor pyranosyl moiety of UDP-Gal in either
      galactosyl transfer or "lactose" biosynthesis have been determined. The 4"-deoxy
      analogue, UDP-4"-deoxyglucose, was synthesized and fully characterized as a donor
      substrate for galactosyltransferase. The relative rate of deoxyglucosyl transfer
      to glucose or GlcNAc acceptors was 5.5 +/- 0.6% of that of UDP-Gal as the
      substrate, with Km values in the same range as that for UDP-Gal or UDP-Glc.
      Several conclusions may be drawn as to the detailed structural requirements of
      the UDP-Gal binding site: an axial 4"-hydroxyl group on the pyranosyl moiety is
      necessary for precise substrate alignment as is also an equatorial 6"-CH2OH
      moiety. Where one or the other moiety was lacking (UDP-dGlc or UDP-Arab), the
      maximal rate of glycosyl transfer was ca. 1/20th that of UDP-Gal.

PMID- 6817788
TI  - Solvent deuterium isotope effects in the catalysis of oxygen-18 exchange by human
      carbonic anhydrase II.
AB  - By measuring the rate of exchange at chemical equilibrium of 18O between HCO3-
      and H2O catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II in the absence of buffers, we
      have determined the rate of release from the enzyme of water bearing substrate
      oxygen. The ratio of this rate measured in H2O to the rate measured in D2O, the
      solvent deuterium isotope effect, is between 4 and 9 in the range of pH(D) from
      5.8 to 8.0, with a value of 8.0 +/- 0.7 at pH(D) 6.6 (uncorrected pH meter
      reading). The magnitude of this isotope effect at pH(D) 6.6 has an exponential
      dependence on the atom fraction of deuterium in solvent water. We conclude that
      an intramolecular proton transfer between a proton shuttle group on the enzyme
      and the active site is rate limiting for the release from the enzyme of water
      bearing substrate oxygen and involves a change in bonding of more than one
      proton. In contrast, the solvent deuterium isotope effect on the intermolecular
      proton transfer between the external buffer imidazole and the active site (or
      proton shuttle group) of the enzyme is small, 2.3 at pH(D) 7.0, as determined
      from initial velocity experiments. With a rate constant near 9 X 10(8) M-1 s-1,
      this intermolecular transfer is limited to a significant extent by diffusion
      processes.

PMID- 6817789
TI  - Local conformational changes induced by successive nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide binding to dissociable tetrameric D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. Quantitative analysis of a two-step dissociation process.
AB  - Covalent binding of FITC up to 2 mol/mol of tetrameric enzyme does not affect the
      enzymatic activity and dissociation properties of pig muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD). The binding of NAD to dehydrogenase-FITC complex
      partially reverts the quenching caused by the binding of dye to apo-GAPD. This
      phenomenon, as well as the formation of a characteristic absorption difference
      spectrum caused by the binding of NAD, makes it possible to follow the NAD
      induced local conformational changes near the dye-binding region. The time course
      of NAD-induced spectral changes shows biphasic kinetics: a burst and a slow
      phase. The amplitude of burst phase as a function of NAD equivalents has
      sigmoidal shape due to the cooperative interaction between subunits. The same
      conclusion could be drawn from fluorescence anisotropy measurements. In the
      presence of excess NAD a slow conformational change can be detected, the
      amplitude of which is a function of NAD concentration. This phenomenon can be
      attributed to the binding of further NAD molecules to the holoenzyme. The slow
      phase follows first-order kinetics, and the rate constant depends on enzyme
      concentration. The specific fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence
      anisotropy of fluorescent dye labeled apo-GAPD and GAPD saturated with NAD are
      also dependent on enzyme concentration. We suggest that NAD binding induces major
      changes in the steric structure of tetrameric enzyme without influencing
      remarkably the interacting forces between the contact surfaces of subunits. Data
      are quantitatively interpreted in terms of a two-step dissociation model.

PMID- 6817790
TI  - Synthesis of 9-(3,4-dioxopentyl)hypoxanthine, the first arginine-directed purine
      derivative: an irreversible inactivator for purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
AB  - The synthesis of two potential arginine-directed purine-based analogues, 6-chloro
      9-(3,4-dioxopentyl)purine (6) and 9-(3,4-dioxopentyl)hypoxanthine (7), is
      reported. Compound 7 was extensively tested as a potential affinity label of
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) from human erythrocytes. Evidence
      that 7 reacted with the catalytic center of purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      includes the following: (1) time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme by 7 was
      observed; (2) a plot of the pseudo-first-order rate constant for inactivation of
      the enzyme vs. concentration of 7 was hyperbolic, characteristic of saturation
      phenomenon; (3) substrates (Pi, arsenate, inosine) and a competitive inhibitor
      (formycin B) protected the enzyme from inactivation by 7. Compound 7 was 25 times
      more effective in inhibiting purine nucleoside phosphorylase than butanedione.
      Evidence that 7 modified arginine(s) includes the following: (1) when the
      inactivation was performed in borate, both the rate and the extent of
      inactivation were enhanced compared to those of the controls run in
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) buffer; (2) dialysis of
      inactivator reversed the inactivation in Tris-HCl but not in borate buffer. All
      the above evidence combined with the previous demonstration [Jordan, F., & Wu, A.
      (1978) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190, 699-704] that butanedione modified only
      arginines in purine nucleoside phosphorylases and the results presented here
      demonstrating the similarities in the behavior of butanedione and 7 imply that
      compound 7 can be called an arginine-directed affinity label for purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase.

PMID- 6817791
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Isolation and
      sequence of a peptide containing an essential lysine.
AB  - Interaction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides
      with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and sodium borohydride leads to inactivation and
      modification of two lysine residues per enzyme dimer that are thought to bind
      glucose 6-phosphate [Milhausen, M., & Levy, H.R. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 50, 453
      461]. The amino acid sequence surrounding this lysine residue is reported.
      Following tryptic hydrolysis of the modified enzyme, two peptides, each
      containing one pyridoxyllysine residue, were purified to homogeneity and
      subjected to automated Edman degradation. The sequences revealed that one of
      these, a heptapeptide, was derived from the other, containing 11 amino acids.
      Supporting evidence for the role of the modified lysine is provided in the
      following paper [Haghighi, B., & Levy, H.R. (1982) Biochemistry (second paper of
      three in this issue)]. End-group analysis of the native enzyme revealed that
      valine is the N-terminal and glycine the C-terminal amino acid and provides
      support for the identity of the enzyme's two subunits.

PMID- 6817792
TI  - Isolation of neuronal parvalbumin by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Characterization and comparison with muscle parvalbumin.
AB  - Neuronal parvalbumin has been isolated from rat brain and purified to homogeneity
      by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reverse-phase supports. This
      procedure includes four consecutive chromatographic steps with an overall protein
      recovery of 74% and a 26 400-fold purification. The concentration of parvalbumin
      was found to be approximately 10 mg/kg wet weight in brain tissue, which is about
      100 times lower than that in rat muscle. The physical properties of brain
      parvalbumin are described and compared with those of the muscle counterpart.
      These proteins were identical in their molecular weights (12 000), isoelectric
      points (4.9), retention times on C-18 reverse-phase HPLC columns, Ca2+ content
      (two per molecule), amino acid compositions, and immunological properties. A
      comparison of the tryptic peptide maps of brain and muscle parvalbumin by
      analytical HPLC also revealed identity and showed that the isolation method
      described here did not alter the chemical structure of the protein.

PMID- 6817793
TI  - Flavin-linked mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase of Candida
      utilis.
AB  - The 150-fold purification of the L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase of
      Candida utilis electron-transport particles by very mild procedures is described.
      The active enzyme contains FAD, iron and copper. The function of the metals, if
      any, is not clear. Its molecular weight is about 5 X 10(5). The subunit
      composition is complex and remains unresolved because the enzyme is contaminated
      with protease(s). The activity of this enzyme is very low in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae unless the cells are grown in glycerol. The NAD-dependent cytoplasmic
      alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is present in C. utilis but could not be
      demonstrated in glucose-grown S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 6817794
TI  - A 90 000-dalton actin-binding protein from platelets. Comparison with villin and
      plasma brevin.
AB  - Affinity chromatography of Ca2+-containing extracts of platelets on DNAase I
      Sepharose, using Ca2+-free buffer as eluant, selects a 1:1 complex of a 90 000
      dalton protein with actin. The complex shows little interaction with either
      DNAase or actin unless Ca2+ is present. In the presence of Ca2+, the complex
      nucleates polymerization of actin, reduces the viscosity attained, and delays
      filament formation from profilactin with characteristics closely resembling those
      shown by chicken villin. Proteolysis of the native proteins indicates structural
      similarity between the platelet protein and villin or villin core; limited
      proteolytic digestion in the presence of SDS distinguishes the platelet protein
      from villin but not from the functionally related plasma protein, brevin. The
      platelet protein is not accessible to enzyme-mediated iodination of surface
      components on intact cells. The term 'platelet brevin' is proposed for the
      protein.

PMID- 6817795
TI  - Chemical modification of lysine residues in bacterial formate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Specific modification of 4.4 lysine residues per molecule of formate
      dehydrogenase, from the methylotrophic bacterium Achromobacter parvulus I by
      pyridoxal, results in complete inactivation of the enzyme. The concentration
      effect of the modifying agent and substrates on the inactivation of formate
      dehydrogenase has been studied. Coenzymes do not protect the enzyme from
      inactivation. Complete maintenance of enzyme activity was achieved in the
      presence of saturating concentrations of the formate and upon formation of the
      ternary complex, enzyme-NAD-azide. Formate specifically protects two lysine
      residues per dimer molecule of the enzyme from modification. The presence of one
      essential lysine residue in the substrate-binding region of the enzyme active
      site is assumed.

PMID- 6817796
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of squalene epoxidase from rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Squalene epoxidase (EC 1.14.99.7, squalene 2,3-monooxygenase (epoxidizing) was
      purified to an apparent homogeneity from rat liver microsomes. The purification
      was carried out by solubilization of microsomes by Triton X-100, fractionation
      with ion exchangers, hydroxyapatite, Cibacron Blue Sepharose 4B, and
      chromatofocusing column chromatography. A total purification of 143-fold over the
      first DEAE-cellulose fraction was achieved. The purified enzyme gave a single
      major band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the Mr was estimated to
      be 51 000 as a single polypeptide chain. The enzyme showed no distinct absorption
      spectrum in the visible regions. The squalene epoxidase activity was
      reconstituted with the purified enzyme, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC
      1.6.2.4), FAD, NADPH and molecular oxygen in the presence of Triton X-100. The
      apparent Michaelis constants for squalene and FAD were 13 microM and 5 microM,
      respectively. The Vmax was about 186 nmol per mg protein per 30 min for 2,3
      oxidosqualene. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by potent inhibitors of
      cytochrome P-450. It is suggested that squalene epoxidase is distinct from
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes.

PMID- 6817797
TI  - The interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with glycogen.
AB  - Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1) with glycogen was
      studied by sedimentation, stopped-flow and temperature-jump methods. The
      equilibrium enzyme concentration was determined by sedimentation in an analytical
      ultracentrifuge equipped with absorption optics and a photoelectric scanning
      system. The maximum adsorption capacity of pig liver glycogen is 3.64 mumol
      dimeric glycogen phosphorylase b per g glycogen, which corresponds to 20 dimeric
      enzyme molecules per average glycogen molecule of Mr 5.5 X 10(6). Microscopic
      dissociation constants were determined for the enzyme-glycogen complex within the
      temperature range from 12.7 to 30.0 degrees C. Enzyme-glycogen complexing is
      accompanied by increasing light scattering and its increment depends linearly on
      the concentration of the binding sites on a glycogen particle that are occupied
      by the enzyme. Complex formation and relaxation kinetics are in accordance with
      the proposed bimolecular reaction scheme. The monomolecular dissociation rate
      constant of the complex increases as the temperature increases from 12.7 to 30.0
      degrees C, whereas the bimolecular rate constant changes slightly and is about
      10(8) M-1 X S-1. These data point to the possibility of diffusional control of
      the complex formation.

PMID- 6817798
TI  - Effect of spin state on reduction of cytochrome P-450 (P-450C21) from bovine
      adrenocortical microsomes.
AB  - The effect of spin state on cytochrome P-450 reduction was studied with a
      reconstituted system consisting of P-450C21 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase
      (NADPH:ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) purified from bovine
      adrenocortical microsomes. The absolute high spin contents of substrate-free,
      progesterone-bound and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone-bound P-450C21 were estimated
      from the analysis of thermally induced difference spectra to be 25, 78 and 94% at
      25 degrees C, respectively, in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2)
      containing 20% glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA and 0.5% Emulgen 913. The effect of the high
      spin content on P-450C21 reduction by NADPH in the reconstituted system was
      analyzed by a steady-state method and by a stopped-flow method at 25 degrees C.
      The steady-state results showed that the rate of P-450C21 reduction was not
      affected by the high spin content of substrate-bound P-450C21 but was very slow
      without a steroid substrate. Biphasic reduction of P450C21 containing two first
      order processes was observed in the stopped-flow experiment in the presence of
      either of the steroid substrates, but the reduction was very slow without the
      substrate. There were no significant differences in the rate and the amount of
      the fast phase of reduction between 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone-bound and
      progesterone-bound P-450C21. Both kinetic studies indicate that the spin state
      does not control the electron transfer from NADPH to P-450C21 via NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase but the presence of substrate is essential for the
      reduction of P-450C21.

PMID- 6817799
TI  - Preparation of homogeneous NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rat hepatoma.
AB  - NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was purified to homogeneity from hepatoma
      5123t.c.(H) microsomes from phenobarbital and hydrocortisone-treated rats by
      detergent solubilization and affinity chromatography with an overall 8% recovery.
      The purified enzyme has a minimum subunit molecular weight of 79 000 and contains
      one molecule each of FMN and FAD per 79 000 molecular weight. The purified
      hepatoma cytochrome P-450 reductase catalyzes electron transfer to artificial
      electron acceptors with Km values similar to those of purified liver reductase.
      The Km value of the hepatoma reductase for NADPH, 13 microM, is also similar to
      that of purified liver reductase. The tumor reductase appears immunochemically
      identical to liver reductase by Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis and
      inhibition of activity. Peptide maps of the hepatoma and hepatic enzymes after
      proteolysis demonstrate the identity of the two proteins.

PMID- 6817800
TI  - Changes of lysine reactivities of actin in complex with myosin subfragment-1,
      tropomyosin and troponin.
AB  - The interactions of actin with myosin subfragment-1 and tropomyosin were explored
      by comparing the reactivities of lysine residues in F-actin alone with those in F
      actin complexed to the other proteins. Limited reductive methylation was carried
      out on F-actin and the F-actin complexes with [14C]HCHO and [3H]HCHO,
      respectively. After dissociation from the other components, [3H]actin was
      combined with [14C]actin and 3H/14C of each lysine residue was measured. Myosin
      subfragment-1 reduced the reactivities of Lys-335 and Lys-372, while tropomyosin
      reduced those of Lys-237, -325, 327 and -335. When troponin was present in the
      absence of Ca2+, the effect of tropomyosin on Lys-335 remained the same, but its
      reactivity was completely restored upon the addition of Ca2+. Thus, the results
      suggest that different parts of actin are affected by the interaction with myosin
      subfragment-1 and tropomyosin, but the region containing Lys-335 is commonly
      affected by the presence of either of them. The change in reactivity is
      attributable either to a direct steric effect or to an induced conformational
      effect.

PMID- 6817801
TI  - Comparisons of highly purified hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 from Holtzman
      and Long-Evans rats.
AB  - The present study describes the purification and characterization of strain
      variant forms of a major phenobarbital-inducible microsomal hemoprotein,
      cytochrome P-450b, from Holtzman and Long-Evans rats. The strain variant
      hemoproteins cannot be resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis,
      but can be partially separated in two-dimensional isoelectric focusing SDS gels.
      If, however, sodium tetradecyl sulfate is incorporated into the one-dimensional
      gel system, separation of the cytochromes P-450b is achieved. Minor structural
      differences are detected in the peptides of the cytochromes P-450b following
      limited proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, cleavage by cyanogen
      bromide, or reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of tryptic
      peptides. The strain variant cytochromes P-450b are immunochemically and
      spectrally indistinguishable. The optical spectra of the ferric and ferrous
      hemoproteins are identical, as are the CO- and ethylisocyanide-reduced difference
      spectra. Ferrous cytochromes P-450b from both rat strains effectively bind
      metyrapone with equivalent affinities. In addition, the cytochromes P-450b do not
      differ in their catalytic activities toward benzphetamine, hexobarbital, benzo
      [a]pyrene, zoxazolamine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, estradiol-17 beta and testosterone.
      Cytochrome P-450c, the predominant isozyme inducible in rat liver by 3
      methylcholanthrene, was purified from Holtzman and Long-Evans rats. Cytochromes P
      450c from both rat strains are indistinguishable based on electrophoretic,
      immunological, spectral and catalytic properties. Minor structural differences in
      the cytochromes P-450c were revealed in the reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic profiles of the tryptic peptides of these hemoproteins, but not
      in the peptides generated by limited proteolysis or cleavage with cyanogen
      bromide.

PMID- 6817802
TI  - Purification, properties, partial sequence and evolutionary relationships of
      marsupial erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) has been purified from the erythrocytes of the
      tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii desmarest). The enzyme was separated into four
      zones of activity. The three major individual forms were isolated as discrete
      entities. Comparison of substrate specificity, specific activities, kinetic
      constants and inhibition characteristics indicated that these heteromorphs
      represented minor post-translational modifications of a single gene product of
      carbonic anhydrase II type. Double-immunodiffusion and peptide mapping confirmed
      this proposition. The marsupial enzyme exists as a monomer with a molecular
      weight of about 29 000 containing one atom of zinc per mole which is much more
      tightly bound to the enzyme than it is in either human carbonic anhydrase I or
      II. The wallaby enzyme was, like human carbonic anhydrase II, partially
      inactivated by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate under conditions not inhibitory for human
      carbonic anhydrase I. The partial sequence of 51 residues of cyanogen-bromide
      peptides was sufficiently homologous to allow unambiguous overlap with the
      sequence of both human carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes as well as with the
      recently published sequence of an apparent type I-like enzyme from the turtle. It
      is clear that the single wallaby erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase belongs to the
      class of separately evolving type II isozymes which have previously been defined
      only for placental mammals.

PMID- 6817803
TI  - Growth of Lactobacillus casei in deuterated media. Purification of deuterated
      thymidylate synthase and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
AB  - The purification of thymidylate synthase from amethopterin-resistant
      Lactobacillus casei grown in a deuterated medium is described. The deuterated
      enzyme and the non-deuterated enzyme appear to be identical with respect to
      specific activity, pH optimum, electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels
      and ability to form ternary complexes with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'
      monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The deuterated enzyme
      remained stable at 25 degrees C for 8 h during the acquisition of 400 MHz 1H-NMR
      spectra and was stored at 5 degrees C for 3 months without loss of catalytic
      activity. The incorporation of deuterium was essentially complete as demonstrated
      by a comparison of the NMR spectra of deuterated and non-deuterated enzyme.
      Proton NMR data obtained with deuterated thymidylate synthase and 1H-FdUMP are in
      agreement with the fluorine-19 NMR studies of Lewis et al. (Lewis, C.A., Jr.,
      Ellis, P.D. and Dunlap, R.B. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 116-123) which support the
      formation of a binary complex where the enzyme is covalently linked to carbon 6
      of 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-2'-deoxyuridylate.

PMID- 6817804
TI  - Newly identified organic anion-binding proteins in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - Previously, all organic anion binding activity in the Y protein (ligandin
      containing) fraction of rat liver cytosol has been attributed to the glutathione
      S-transferases. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 superfine has resolved the Y
      protein fraction into organic anion-binding fractions of two distinct molecular
      weights: (a) Mr 45 000 containing the glutathione S-transferases, and (b) Mr 35
      000 referred to as Y'. Two proteins (Dv and D1) were purified from the Y'
      fraction. Dv is a basic protein consisting of four subunits of Mr 8000-9000 and
      selectively binds 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and sulfobromophthalein. D1
      is a monomer (Mr 40 000) which exhibits high affinity binding for Rose Bengal. Dv
      protein bound a broad spectrum of organic anions. Antibody raised in rabbits to
      rat Dv showed no cross-reactivity with purified glutathione S-transferases A, B,
      or C. Thus, we have identified organic anion-binding proteins which are unrelated
      to the glutathione S-transferases, but which were previously associated with the
      crude Y-fraction. The relative abundance of these proteins and their binding
      characteristics suggest their role in hepatic organic anion transport.

PMID- 6817805
TI  - Characterization and purification of fatty acid-binding protein in rat and human
      adipose tissue.
AB  - A protein with properties similar to fatty acid-binding protein has been isolated
      from rat and human adipose tissue. Comparison of fatty acid-binding protein from
      rat liver and adipose tissue and human adipose tissue shows that all have
      approximately similar molecular weights. Immunologically, rat liver fatty acid
      binding protein is similar to the protein characterized from rat adipose tissue.
      In isolated rat fat cells the fatty acid-binding protein was demonstrated to be
      involved in the uptake and esterification of long-chain fatty acids. These
      observations constitute evidence for a potential role of this protein in the
      fatty acid metabolism of adipocytes.

PMID- 6817806
TI  - Prostaglandin production by 3T3-L1 cells in culture.
AB  - Rapidly growing cultures of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes produce large quantities of
      prostaglandins when they are either stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187
      or incubated with arachidonic acid. The main prostaglandin produced under all
      conditions was prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin production in response to
      ionophore stimulation or incubation with arachidonic acid decreased markedly,
      however, as the cultures approached confluence, were maintained in the confluent
      state, or were stimulated to differentiate. Enrichment of confluent,
      differentiated cultures with arachidonic acid did not enhance prostaglandin
      production. Recovery of prostaglandin production occurred when logarithmic growth
      was reinstituted by reseeding confluent cultures at low cell densities, but
      sparse cultures maintained in a low-growth phase did not recover the ability to
      produce large amounts of prostaglandin E2. Therefore, the decline in
      prostaglandin synthetic capacity appears to be associated with the decrease in
      growth rate as the cells approach confluence. Media conditioned by confluent
      cells reduced prostaglandin E2 production when added to rapidly growing cells,
      suggesting that an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis may be formed by the
      confluent cultures. Nondifferentiating 3T3 fibroblasts, which similarly release
      mainly prostaglandin E2, also exhibited a decrease in prostaglandin production as
      the cultures became confluent. The amounts of prostaglandins produced by 3T3
      cells in the confluent state were much greater, however, than those produced by
      confluent or differentiated 3T3-L1 cultures. These findings suggest that the low
      capacity to produce prostaglandins may be involved in either the induction or
      maintenance of differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.

PMID- 6817807
TI  - Age-dependency of vascular phospholipid deacylation-reacylation in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - We have studied the temporal relation of phospholipid turnover and prostaglandin
      synthesis to the evolution of hypertensive vascular disease in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat. The incorporation of arachidonate into aortic phospholipids,
      its release by phospholipase A2 and its utilization for prostaglandin synthesis
      were compared in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats aged 7, 20 and
      42 weeks. When expressed per mg of protein in the assay medium, arachidonate
      incorporation into aortic phospholipids decreased, while prostaglandin synthesis
      increased, with age in both rat strains. No significant differences were noted
      between hypertensive and normotensive animals at 7 weeks of age whereas both
      enhanced phospholipid turnover and prostaglandin synthesis was demonstrated in
      hypertensive rats at 20 and 42 weeks of age. The higher phospholipase activity in
      hypertensive aortas was associated with a significant increase in the capacity
      for exogenous lysophosphatide hydrolysis. Transacylation and reacylation of
      lysolecithin, however, were not significantly enhanced in hypertensive aortas.
      These biochemical changes accompany, and may be related to, structural
      modifications of the aortic wall in the course of hypertension.

PMID- 6817808
TI  - 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA861), a
      selective inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase reaction and the biosynthesis of slow
      reacting substance of anaphylaxis.
AB  - 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA861)
      inhibited 5-lipoxygenase of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (ID50, 0.8 microM). The inhibition was of competitive type. 12-Lipoxygenases and
      fatty acid cyclooxygenase were not affected below 10 microM. The formation of
      slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis by the sensitized guinea pig lung was
      almost fully suppressed by the compound at 10 microM.

PMID- 6817809
TI  - Action of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase on model lipoproteins. Preparation
      and characterization of model nascent high density lipoprotein.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein of human plasma high density lipoprotein,
      is the primary activator of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. In
      vitro, the association of apolipoprotein A-I with physiological
      phosphatidylcholines can be catalyzed by mixing the protein and lipid with sodium
      cholate, which is removed by chromatography. The apolipoprotein A-I/phospholipid
      complex has the physical properties of an HDL, and when cholesterol is present
      the complex is a highly reactive substrate in the lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase-catalyzed reaction. The relative reactivity of this complex
      compared with a number of other lipid-protein complexes is presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 6817810
TI  - Study of the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase reaction with liposome and
      high density lipoprotein substrates.
AB  - The activity of highly purified preparations of human plasma lecithin:
      cholesterol acyltransferase were stabilized by precipitating the enzyme with
      ammonium sulfate and using the dilutions of the particulate lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase suspension for enzyme assays. Ammonium sulfate concentrations in
      the assay mix up to 0.1 M had no significant effect on lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity. The basic enzymatic properties of lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase were investigated using liposomes and high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) substrates. pH optima for both substrates was approximately 8.0. The
      temperature dependence of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity resulted
      in non-linear Arrhenius plots with both substrates. The activity vs. temperature
      (degrees C) curves showed slight inflections at 30 degrees C, which may have been
      due to the relatively rapid inactivation of the enzyme above this temperature.
      HDL3 was found to be a better substrate than HDL or HDL2. HDL3 was also
      considerably better than egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes as an
      lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase substrate. Addition of HDL2 to a reaction
      mix of enzyme and HDL3 indicated that HDL2 acts as an inhibitor of cholesterol
      esterification in this system.

PMID- 6817811
TI  - Arachidonate metabolism in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Evidence
      for two prostaglandin synthetic pathways sensitive to acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on endothelial prostaglandin synthesis was
      measured in the presence of exogenous and endogenous substrates. In both types of
      measurement, a rate of inhibition was found similar to that observed for
      acetylsalicylic acid inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity in platelets. After
      withdrawal of acetylsalicylic acid, a rapid restoration of cyclooxygenase
      activity was observed when exogenous [1-14C]arachidonate was used as a substrate
      (50% of initial activity at 5 h). However, when endogenous substrate, released
      after phospholipase activation induced by thrombin treatment of the cells, was
      used to test cyclooxygenase activity, only partial restoration of enzymic
      activity was observed (30% after 48 h). Phospholipase activity, measured by the
      release of free fatty acids, was not inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid.
      Measurement of turnover times by incubating the cells with cycloheximide revealed
      a short turnover time for the enzymic activity tested with exogenous [1
      14C]arachidonate (2.3 h) and a relatively long turnover time for the
      cyclooxygenase activity tested with endogenous substrate released after thrombin
      treatment of the cells (54 h). These results suggest that at least two pools of
      cycloxygenase are involved in endothelial prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6817812
TI  - Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase of porcine leukocyte with activity for 5
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
AB  - When arachidonic acid was incubated with porcine polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 12
      hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid was produced as a major product. The
      production of this compound was not accounted for by contaminating platelets
      known to contain arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase. The enzyme was found predominantly
      in a cytosol fraction of leukocytes, and the cytosolic enzyme was purified about
      30-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex column
      chromatography. The partially purified enzyme transformed arachidonic acid to a
      compound which was identified as 12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid.
      5-Hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid as substrate was about 40% as active as
      arachidonic acid, and the reaction was inhibited by the addition of arachidonic
      acid. The reaction product which was further reduced by sodium borohydride was
      indistinguishable from authentic 5S, 12S-dihydroxy-(E,Z,E,Z)-6,8,10,14
      eicosatetraenoic acid.

PMID- 6817813
TI  - Effects of lipid peroxidation, Ca2+ and adrenalin on the release of fatty acids
      from rabbit kidney cortex slices.
AB  - Ascorbic acid (1 mM) plus Fe2+ (0.4 mM) and Ca2+ (4 mM) stimulated the release of
      arachidonic acid from rabbit kidney cortical slices. The release of arachidonic
      acid was inhibited completely by the addition of mepacrine (1.6 mM). Adrenalin
      (0.8 mM) enhanced the release of individual free fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0,
      C18:1, C18:2 and C20:4). The release of fatty acids by adrenalin was not
      inhibited by mepacrine (1.6 mM), but was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
      (2 mM). These results suggest that the lipolytic process in kidney cortex may be
      mediated either through the activation of phospholipase A2 by Ca2+ and ascorbic
      acid plus Fe2+ or through an adrenalin-activated lipase system.

PMID- 6817814
TI  - Purine metabolism in the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma gambiense and
      Trypanosoma rhodesiense.
AB  - Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei
      rhodesiense are incapable of de novo purine synthesis. Purine bases are converted
      directly to ribonucleotides and with the exception of guanine, are stable.
      Guanine is incorporated directly into ribonucleotides and also deaminated to
      xanthine. Purine ribonucleosides are hydrolyzed rapidly; these reactions may
      limit their incorporation since purine bases label the nucleotide pools more
      efficiently than do ribonucleosides. The apparent order of salvage efficiency for
      ribonucleosides is adenosine greater than inosine greater than guanosine greater
      than xanthosine for both organisms. T. b. gambiense salvages purine bases in the
      same order, while T. b. rhodesiense salvages purine bases in the order
      hypoxanthine greater than adenine greater than guanine greater than xanthine.

PMID- 6817816
TI  - [Promoters of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II].

PMID- 6817815
TI  - Effects of N-acetylglucosamine and platelet inhibitors on the synergistic
      interaction of platelets and aggregating agents in the presence of wheat germ
      agglutinin.
AB  - Low concentrations of wheat germ agglutinin (4 micrograms/ml) have been shown to
      act synergistically to induce platelet aggregation with epinephrine, collagen,
      arachidonate and ionophore A23187. Aggregation ceased on the addition of the
      haptenic sugar N-acetylglucosamine at any time following the onset of aggregation
      with these agonists and a small degree of disaggregation was observed during the
      reversible first wave with the biphasic aggregating agents epinephrine and ADP.
      Cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin and aspirin blocked the second
      wave of aggregation with the biphasic aggregating agents epinephrine and ADP but
      a synergistic response continued to be shown with the first wave in the presence
      of these inhibitors. Release of [14C]serotonin and the mobilization of
      [3H]arachidonate by epinephrine and collagen were markedly stimulated in the
      presence of wheat germ agglutinin but there was no increase of either radiolabel
      in the case of ADP. Platelet shape change, but not aggregation, occurred with low
      levels of wheat germ agglutinin and the synergistic response with ADP, collagen
      or ionophore A23187 occurred without further shape change. Wheat germ agglutinin
      did not affect the basal or stimulated levels of cyclic AMP. The membrane
      fluidity of platelets was not affected by the lectin or by thrombin as shown by
      the lack of change in fluorescence polarization with diphenylhexatriene. It is
      suggested that the binding of wheat germ agglutinin to the platelet surface
      induces platelet activation by mechanisms similar to those of other agonists and
      that it may affect the distribution of membrane-bound Ca2+ by a reversible
      perturbation of the platelet membrane.

PMID- 6817818
TI  - Comparison of fungal mitochondrial introns reveals extensive homologies in RNA
      secondary structure.
AB  - The complete sequences of nine Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial introns,
      six of which carry long open reading frames, have already been published. We have
      recently determined the sequence of an intron in the large ribosomal
      mitochondrial RNA of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans (Jacquier et al., in
      preparation), which we found to be closely related to its S. cerevisiae
      counterpart. This latter result prompted us to undertake a systematic search for
      possible homologous elements in the other, available sequences with the help of
      an original computer program. A previously unsuspected wealth of evolutionarily
      conserved sequences and secondary structures was thus uncovered. Seven at least
      of the available sequences may be folded up into elaborate secondary structure
      models, the cores of which are nearly identical. These models result in bringing
      together the exon-intron junctions into relatively close spatial proximity and
      looping out either all or most of the sequences in open reading frame, when
      present. These results and their possible implications with respect to the
      mechanism of splicing are discussed in the light of available genetic and
      biochemical data.

PMID- 6817817
TI  - [Biosynthesis and metabolism of phosphonolipids and phospholipids in rat
      hepatocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
AB  - In rat hepatocytes, ciliatine (2 aminoethylphosphonic acid) is incorporated into
      phosphonolipid (PnE) by the same pathway leading from phosphorylethanolamine to
      phospholipid (PE). The two resulting lipids are isolated from mitochondria and
      microsomes. The rates of biosynthesis are quite comparable; the processes of
      trimethylation and of in vitro transfer in the presence of a specific exchange
      protein are very similar. In yeast, on the other hand, the uptake of the two
      precursors is very slight, suggesting that the direct cytidylic pathway of
      phospholipid biosynthesis is strongly repressed. Despite small amounts of PE and
      PnE produced, methylation occurs with a good yield. The good incorporation of
      ethanolamine may be understood by a base-exchange mechanism. The natural PE
      biosynthesis is achieved through the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine, and
      followed by methylation leading to phosphatidylcholine. The use of very small
      amounts of precursors does not modify the natural course of phospholipid
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6817819
TI  - Cardiolipin-protein interactions in the phosphate binding activity of a
      proteolipid from yeast mitochondria. Action of phospholipases A2 and C and of
      cations.
AB  - A proteolipid able to bind phosphate has been isolated from yeast mitochondria.
      During the purification the active protein was always associated with
      cardiolipin. The cardiolipin requirement for the phosphate binding activity of
      this proteolipid has been studied using controlled lipid depletion with two
      phospholipases A2 and with phospholipase C. Only phospholipase A2 from pig
      pancreas, that deacylated cardiolipin, promoted inhibition of the proteolipid
      activity (but never more than 70 per cent). Phospholipase A2 from snake venom did
      not inhibit the binding activity of the proteolipid. Using thin layer
      chromatography with two sequential solvents it was possible to separate two
      cardiolipin subspecies; one of them was preferentially hydrolysed by
      phospholipase C of Bacillus cereus, leading to inhibition of the proteolipid
      activity. Ca2+ complexed to cardiolipin stoichiometrically (1-1) inhibited the
      proteolipid activity. This effect could be due to a conformational change in the
      cardiolipin-protein association.

PMID- 6817820
TI  - [Modes of action of a shortening system for erucic acid at the mitochondrial
      level of rat liver].
AB  - In this work, were studied the conditions of erucic acid (cis-docosenoic, n-9)
      shortening by using Rat liver mitochondrial preparations which were incubated in
      vitro with [14-14C] erucic acid (22:1), with inhibitors of the respiratory chain
      (rotenone, cyanide) or not, with activators of either the shortening reaction
      (NAD+, NADP+), or beta-oxidation (malate, carnitine, cytochrome c) or not. The
      shortening activity was measured by the amount of 14C radioactivity recovered in
      the shorter fatty acids formed (20:1, 18:1, 16:1) when beta-oxidation was
      inhibited. The beta-oxidation activity was measured by the amount of 14C
      recovered in the acid-soluble products (P A S). The incubations were performed
      under conditions which were the least favourable to peroxysomal activity. Data
      showed that, with increasing amounts of albumin, which inhibits peroxysomal
      activity, increasing amounts of shorter fatty acids (20:1, 18:1, 16:1) were
      formed from erucic acid. This shortening reaction was strongly stimulated by
      NAD+, more than by NADP+; it was also stimulated by cytochrome c and much more
      when both NAD+ and cytochrome c were added. Similar data were observed in beta
      oxidation, except that practically NADP+ did not exhibit any stimulating effect.
      Oxidation of NADH by mitochondria only occurred when cytochrome c was added to
      the medium and was not modified by the addition of ADP or rotenone. These data
      show that liver mitochondria are capable of shortening erucic acid, as are
      peroxysomes. This shortening reaction is highly NAD+-dependent and seems to be
      localized outside the matrix. This system could constitute a second route for
      utilization of fatty acids in mitochondria, besides the well-known path of beta
      oxidation.

PMID- 6817821
TI  - Study on the localization of proteases of mitochondrial origin.
AB  - A marked proteolytic activity against casein can be demonstrated in rat liver
      mitochondria. The proteases degrading casein appear distributed between a
      sedimentable fraction (Po) and a soluble extract (So). Part of the soluble
      fraction activity, which may be recovered in the mitochondrial intermembrane
      space, results from a contamination by lysosomal proteases and can be eliminated
      by previously washing the mitochondria with digitonin. The pre-exposure to
      digitonin causes an enhancement of the caseinolytic activity associated with the
      membrane fragments, proving that this activity is not due to lysosomal enzymes.
      When rats have been injected in vivo with the compound 48/80 which, by
      degranulating the mast cells prevents contamination of the mitochondrial
      preparations by mast cell proteases, the membrane fraction (Po) retains a
      caseinolytic activity of the order of 80 per cent of the control preparations. A
      similar value of activity is observed in the membranes of brain mitochondria,
      isolated by a method which removes the rare mast cells they may contain. This
      shows that the greater part of the caseinolytic activity associated with the rat
      liver membranes does not originate from mast cell granules. Liver mitochondria
      pre-exposed to digitonin to eliminate lysosomal contaminants, have been
      subfractionated into matrix, intermembrane space, inner and outer membrane. Each
      of the fractions exhibits a caseinolytic activity, but the largest part is
      localized in the inner compartments of mitochondria: the matrix and the inner
      membrane. The optimal pH and the sensitivity to inhibitors of the proteases in
      the different compartments indicate that we are dealing with distinct enzymes.

PMID- 6817822
TI  - Acido-basic properties of the catecholamine uptake inhibitors tetrabenazine and
      dihydrotetrabenazine.
AB  - Tetrabenazine (2-oxo-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7 hexahydro-11 bH-benzo
      (a) quinolizine) and dihydrotetrabenazine (2-hydroxy derivative) are inhibitors
      of catecholamine uptake by the chromaffin granules of adrenal medulla. In the 6.6
      - 8.8 pH range, inhibition by tetrabenazine was pH-independent whereas
      dihydrotetrabenazine efficiency increased up to pH 8.3. The fluorescence and the
      buffer-octanol partition coefficient of these drugs was affected by the pH.
      Analysis of the pH-dependency of these effects indicated the existence of an
      acido-basic transition characterized by a pKa of 6.0 for tetrabenazine and 7.5
      for dihydrotetrabenazine and associated with protonation of the tertiary amine of
      these molecules. For both compounds, the neutral form was less fluorescent and
      more soluble in octanol. Comparison of the uptake inhibition constants IC50 and
      of the neutralization curves showed that this form was the biologically active
      one. This result implies that the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule
      membrane binds either to only deprotonated amines or to the molecules present
      only in the lipidic phase where the neutral form is largely predominant.

PMID- 6817824
TI  - [Demonstration of a liposoluble ciguateric toxin in Caranx bartholomaei caught in
      the French West Indies].
AB  - This report deals with some of the biological and chemical properties of a
      liposoluble poison extracted from Caranx bartholomaei (yellow jack), a toxic fish
      from the French West Indies (St Barth's island). Within a single fish, poison
      concentration is higher in the viscera; toxicity level is uniform throughout the
      flesh. In the few specimens tested, liver toxicity variations parallel those of
      flesh. The poison is heat stable so that cooking does not impair the toxicity. It
      is soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, methanol and ethanol,
      but insoluble in n. hexane. Crude toxin injection or ingestion induces ciguateric
      disease in cats, mice or newly born chicken. Crude toxin stability is good after
      30 minutes at 90 degrees C in a 0,5 N solution of a weak acid but not of a weak
      base. In the same conditions, loss of activity is nearly complete with a strong
      acid or a strong base. Moreover, rapid alkali treatment at room temperature
      destroys more than 50 per cent of the toxicity. The toxin is eluted by chloroform
      methanol (9:1) from a silicic acid column and by acetone-methanol (9,5:0,5) from
      a Florisil column. DEAE cellulose column chromatography clearly separates the
      toxin into two lethal components; but thin layer chromatography of crude or
      fractionated toxin indicates only one toxic band in three different solvent
      systems. As a conclusion, in spite of a few differences related to instability in
      alkalin medium and elution from DEAE cellulose, this poison is quite similar to
      those carried by ciguatoxic fishes from the Pacific area. The differences noted
      above could be accounted for either by a specific metabolism of the species
      studied or by differences in the causative agent due to geographical location, or
      both.

PMID- 6817823
TI  - Possible relationship between pyrido-pyrrolo-isoquinoline derivative (BD-40) cell
      uptake and cell viability.
AB  - BD-40 is a pyrido-pyrrolo-isoquinoline derivative which possesses an heterocyclic
      nucleus very closely related to ellipticine and a diethylaminopropyl amino
      lateral chain (Rivalle et al., 1979). Cellular effects of the drug have been
      studied. Viability and morphology of the cells were irreversibly impaired by 24
      hours drug treatments at concentrations exceeding 0.10 micro M.
      Spectrofluorimetric determinations of the drug repartition between cytoplasm and
      nucleus showed that 10 per cent of BD-40 was found in the nucleus for external
      drug concentrations lower than 0.10 micro M. On the other hand, for cytotoxic
      doses exceeding 0.10 micro M, 40 to 50 per cent of the total intracellular BD-40
      were found in the nuclear fraction. Although possible exchange phenomena during
      the course of the cell fractionation cannot be excluded, these results suggest
      that a direct relationship exists between BD-40 nuclear content and cell
      lethality. Comparisons of intracellular drug contents in the absence and the
      presence of a metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide, indicated that drug content of
      azide-treated cells was approximately twice that of untreated cells. Besides,
      sodium azide blocked the release of the drug when previously loaded cells were
      placed in BD-40-free medium. These results are in agreement with the existence of
      an active outward transport (efflux), which is sodium azide-sensitive.

PMID- 6817825
TI  - Inactivation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by a reactive coenzyme analogue: 3
      chloroacetyl pyridine adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase is very rapidly and irreversibly inactivated by 3
      chloroacetyl pyridine adenine dinucleotide, a reactive NAD+-analogue (Biellmann
      et al., 1974, FEBS Lett. 40, 29-32). Kinetic investigations with this compound,
      and structurally related compounds, show that this inactivation, against which
      NAD+ provides a complete protection, corresponds to an affinity label. The
      incorporation of the coenzyme analogue correlates linearly with the enzyme
      inactivation, the total inactivation corresponding to one mole of inactivator per
      coenzyme binding site. The pH-dependence of the inactivation rates of the enzyme
      by this coenzyme analogue and by its reduced form reflects exactly the pH
      variation of their respective dissociation constants. In spite of a good
      stability of the label in the non denatured inactivated enzyme, no modified amino
      acid residue could be identified. Considering the affinity of this analogue for
      yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and the strict steric requirements of this enzyme
      towards its ligands, the nature of the inactivation reaction as well as different
      possibilities of the loss of the label in the inactivated enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 6817826
TI  - Ammonium ions enhance the flow through the pyruvate dehydrogenase in Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The flow through pyruvate dehydrogenase was assayed in glycolysing cells by the
      evolution of 14CO2 from [1-14C] pyruvate. Parallel incubations were carried out
      in high bicarbonate buffer (25 mM) and in bicarbonate-free buffer. The activation
      of the complex by NH+4 was only observed in high bicarbonate buffer, because the
      dilution of labelled CO2 in the presence of an excess of bicarbonate enables the
      quantitative determination of labelled CO2 evolved from pyruvate in the
      decarboxylase step. In the bicarbonate-free buffer the activation of the complex
      was not observed, because the 14CO2 evolved from pyruvate was consumed by
      biosynthetic processes inside the cell. On the contrary in isolated hepatocytes
      the NH+4 activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase was observed in both buffers.
      In Ehrlich ascites cells, in common with other mammalian tissues, pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity was found to be inversely correlated to the
      intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio.

PMID- 6817827
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of phenylalanine tRNA of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of Xenopus laevis phenylalanine tRNA extracted from
      oocytes was determined to be: pGCCGAAAUAm2GCUCm1AG DDGGGAGAGCm22 G psi psi
      AGACmUGmAAYA psi C UAAAGm7GDCm5CCUGGT psi CGm1AUCCCGG GUUUCGGCACCAoH. This result
      was achieved by analysing, with classical procedures [6], the oligonucleotides
      obtained after digestion by T1 or pancreatic ribonuclease. This sequence is
      identical to the mammalian sequence. It has been entirely conserved during 10(8)
      years, the time lapse between the divergence of amphibians and mammals in
      evolution. In contrast to 5S RNA, no important heterogeneity has been found in
      the oocyte sequence, suggesting that there is only a single sequence for tRNAphe
      in X. laevis. Small differences are seen in the elution pattern from RPC-5
      columns for immature oocyte and somatic tRNAphe. They are probably due to a
      submodification of methyl-5-cytidine residues, which appear to be about half
      methylated in tRNAphe as well as in total tRNA from immature oocytes.

PMID- 6817828
TI  - [Inactivation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from the microsomal
      fraction of human platelets during the reaction].
AB  - The kinetic regularities of the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase in human
      platelets microsomes were studied. It was shown that at low equilibrium of the
      reaction the reaction product yield linearly depends on the enzyme concentration.
      The value of the inactivation rate constant is not dependent on the enzyme
      concentration, is not changed within the pH range of 6-9 and is markedly
      increased with a rise in hemin concentration. The kinetics of thermoinactivation
      of the enzyme at 4 degrees and 32 degrees was studied. It was concluded that
      inactivation occurs via intermediate enzyme-substrate complexes. The enzyme is
      also inactivated in the presence of hemin and oxygen. The latter process is
      eliminated in the presence of an electron donor (epinephrine) in a medium.

PMID- 6817830
TI  - Determination of the optimal concentration of lithium for the prophylaxis of
      manic-depressive disorder.
AB  - A group of 29 bipolar manic-depressives completed a 12-month double-blind cross
      over trial of low-dose and high-dose lithium prophylaxis. Twelve patients
      relapsed, and significantly more of the relapses occurred during the low-dose 6
      month phase of the trial. There was a trend for relapse to occur within 2 months
      of an abrupt drop in plasma lithium level, and to occur more often in women than
      in men. The efficacy of low-dose lithium prophylaxis and the significance of
      rebound relapse are discussed.

PMID- 6817829
TI  - [Determination of glycogen phosphorylase B activity by the turbidimetric method
      in the presence of the forward and reverse reaction substrates].
AB  - The turbidimetric method based on monitoring changes in the turbidity of glycogen
      solution at wavelengths above 300 nm has been developed for the measurement of
      catalytic activity of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase B. The
      dependences of the initial rate of enzymatic reaction on molar ratio of inorganic
      phosphate in the inorganic phosphate-glucose-1-phosphate mixture have been
      obtained at various concentrations of the allosteric activator, AMP, or in the
      presence of inhibitors (D-glucose, glucose 6-phosphate). It has been shown that
      the changes in glycogen phosphorylase B activity in the presence of these
      modifiers are not affected by variations in the molar ratios of the substrate. A
      theoretical expression for the dependence of the initial rate of the reversible
      reaction S in equilibrium P catalyzed by the enzyme has been deduced as a
      function of the substrate (S) molar ratio.

PMID- 6817831
TI  - A biobehavioral-biotelemetry system.

PMID- 6817832
TI  - [Endogenous phospholipase hydrolysis in the cerebral cortex during the
      development of epileptic activity].
AB  - The development of epileptic activity in the rat brain cortex is attended by
      activation of endogenous phospholipase hydrolysis. The development of primary
      generalized epileptic activity induced by intramuscular injection of bemegride
      increased the content of free fatty acids in the brain tissue from 14 +/- 3
      micrograms per mg protein in the control to 35 +/- 4 micrograms/mg. The
      appearance of focal cortical epileptic activity after penicillin application also
      provoked an increase in the content of free fatty acids in the brain tissue
      withdrawn from the hyperactive focus (from 40 +/- 5 micrograms/mg in the control
      to 75 +/- 10 micrograms/mg). Analysis of the free fatty acid spectrum in the
      brain tissue by gas-liquid chromatography has shown that the development of
      epileptic activity induced primary stearic acid accumulation by the brain cortex,
      a decrease in the relative content of short-chain fatty acids, a tendency towards
      arachidonic acid accumulation. It is assumed that endogenous phospholipase
      hydrolysis may be involved in the mechanisms of the development of epileptic
      activity.

PMID- 6817833
TI  - The current status of primary radiation therapy in the treatment of early breast
      cancer.
AB  - Primary radiation therapy, usually with limited surgery, is being used
      increasingly as an alternative to mastectomy in patients with early breast
      cancer. Results so far appear similar in terms of local control and overall
      survival. Current questions on patient selection, extent of surgery, radiation
      therapy technique, possible long-term complications, and the role of axillary
      dissection and of adjuvant therapy are reviewed. Though many questions remain, it
      is hoped that this alternative will contribute to improved survival along with
      breast preservation for improved quality of life.

PMID- 6817835
TI  - Effect of eight polynuclear hydrocarbons on growth of Anabaena flos-aquae.

PMID- 6817836
TI  - PCBs in Lake Geneva (Lake Leman) fish.

PMID- 6817834
TI  - Dolichol-bound oligosaccharides and the transfer of distal monosaccharides in the
      synthesis of glycoproteins by normal and tumor mammary epithelial cells.
AB  - The main dolichol diphosphate-bound oligosaccharides present in primary cultures
      of both normal and tumor mouse mammary epithelial cells had the same size,
      yielded the same pattern after acetolysis and paper chromatography, had the same
      number of mannose residues susceptible to alpha-mannosidase degradation, and were
      composed of the same monosaccharide residues. This is the first demonstration
      that normal and tumor mammary cells have dolichol diphosphate-bound
      oligosaccharides with very similar, if not identical, structures. These compounds
      are intermediates in the synthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. On the
      other hand, normal and tumor cells showed differences in the specific activities
      of the enzymes involved in the transfer of the distal monosaccharides from the
      sugar nucleotides to glycoproteins. Sialyl- and fucosyltransferases were elevated
      and galactosyl- and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases were diminished in mammary
      tumor cells. The intact tumor cells showed an increased fucosylation of
      glycoproteins of the asparagine-linkage type.

PMID- 6817837
TI  - Effects of DDT, DDE, and PCBs on mitochondrial respiration.

PMID- 6817838
TI  - Chemical modification of IgG tryptophan residues: effect on competition with
      immune complexes for macrophage receptors.
AB  - 1. The effect of benzylation of tryptophan residues of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on
      the interaction with macrophage receptors was studied by measuring the
      competition between free IgG and immune complexes (sheep red cells covered with
      IgG antibodies). 2. The modification of approximately three tryptophan side
      chains greatly decreased the capacity of IgG for binding to the phagocytic cell.
      Under conditions in which normal IgG inhibited the binding of immune complexes to
      macrophages by 49 +/- 5% and the urea-treated IgG control inhibited it by 40 +/-
      11%, IgG modified by 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide in the presence of urea
      inhibited the binding by 7.5 +/- 5%. 3. These results indicate that tryptophan
      residues are located at or near the site of IgG that binds to the macrophage
      receptor and that they are important for the interaction.

PMID- 6817839
TI  - Peptide mapping of human immunoglobulin light chain--identification of
      individuals.

PMID- 6817840
TI  - Modification of human airway smooth muscle reactivity by drugs that interfere
      with arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - Histamine-induced contractions of small airways from human lung were
      substantially augmented by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, whereas
      the contraction of larger airways was not. Mixed cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase
      inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism did not modify histamine-induced
      contractions of smooth muscle from either small or large airways but completely
      reversed the augmentation of histamine responses produced by indomethacin on the
      smaller airways. The SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis) antagonist,
      FPL55712, did not affect the augmentation of histamine-induced contractions by
      indomethacin.

PMID- 6817841
TI  - The effect of mixed inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase on the
      indomethacin-induced hyper-reactivity in the isolated trachea of the pig.
AB  - 1 Indomethacin enhances muscle contraction to histamine in the pig isolated
      trachea. The effect of three cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors on these
      potentiated histamine-induced responses was examined. 2 At the higher
      concentrations BW 755c (113-226 microM), 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid
      (ETYA, 10-100 microM) and phenidone (5-500 microM) abolished the effect of
      indomethacin on tracheal contractions to histamine (100 microM). 3 Each of the
      three inhibitors also reduced the slope of the histamine concentration-response
      curve obtained in the presence of indomethacin. However, the sensitivity (pD2) of
      the smooth muscle to histamine was not affected by BW 755c, ETYA or phenidone. 4
      The results provide further support for a lipoxygenase-dependent component of
      indomethacin-induced hyper-reactivity in the pig trachea.

PMID- 6817842
TI  - The cervical spine in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
AB  - Radiographs of the cervical spine in 11 patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans
      progressiva (FOP) have been examined, and abnormalities found in all. In 4, small
      cervical vertebral bodies with enlarged pedicles were seen in early childhood;
      later, variable fusion of the vertebrae was apparent in all patients. This fusion
      was first noted between adjacent neural arches in late childhood but also
      involved the vertebral bodies in some adult patients. It was only sometimes
      associated with ossification of the adjacent neck muscles, and appeared to be an
      important cause of neck stiffness in FOP. The radiological changes may be
      confused with those of Still's disease or of the Klippel-Feil syndrome.

PMID- 6817843
TI  - Radical radiotherapy in the management of carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Reasons for the increased role of radical radiotherapy in the management of
      carcinoma of the prostate are presented. The results of a retrospective survey of
      116 patients who received radical external beam radiotherapy to the primary
      tumour are reviewed. Local tumour control was obtained in 75% of patients with an
      overall morbidity of 14% mild and 9% severe side effects. The problems of
      accurate tumour staging, extended field radiotherapy and patient selection are
      discussed. In selected cases, treatment morbidity may be reduced by using
      interstitial implant techniques.

PMID- 6817844
TI  - Studies of testicular and epididymal damage in relation to the occurrence of
      antisperm antibodies.
AB  - The relationship between testicular histopathology, follicle stimulating hormone
      levels, sperm density and the presence of antisperm antibodies was investigated.
      There was no association between damage to the seminiferous tubules and the
      presence of agglutinating or immobilising antisperm antibodies. In 2 patients
      with congenital obstructive azoospermia and pre-biopsy circulating antisperm
      antibody there was extensive lymphocytic, macrophage and plasma cell
      infiltration, fibrosis and perivasculitis on epididymal biopsy. Breaches in the
      blood epididymis barrier are worthy of further investigation when considering the
      genesis of antisperm antibodies.

PMID- 6817845
TI  - Randomised trial of clomiphene citrate treatment and vitamin C for male
      infertility.
AB  - A prospective randomised trial was carried out to assess the effect of 6 months'
      treatment with either clomiphene citrate or vitamin C in 179 men complaining of
      infertile marriage. There was no significant difference in the wife's pregnancy
      rates between the 2 treatment groups. In order to detect a subgroup that might
      respond to clomiphene the results were analysed according to pre-treatment FSH
      and sperm density, with allowance being made for the result of the wife's tests,
      but still there was no significant difference in treatment response Vitamin C
      would seem a preferable and cheaper alternative treatment for male infertility.

PMID- 6817846
TI  - Septal modulation of the population spike in the fascia dentata produced by
      perforant path stimulation in the rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the perforant path, which originates in the entorhinal
      cortex, produces a characteristic excitatory postsynaptic field potential
      (extracellular EPSP) which can be recorded in the fascia dentata. This evoked
      response may include a population spike, if stimulation is sufficient. In the
      anaesthetized rat, stimulation of the medial septum, when paired with perforant
      path stimulation, was found to augment the population spike component of the
      evoked field potential. Stimulation of the septum alone produced no apparent
      field potential. The augmentation effect was found to have a rapid onset (4 ms),
      which is sufficient for the participation of interneurons, and a relatively long
      time course (150 ms). Presynaptic mechanisms of facilitation were ruled out as
      there was no concurrent alteration of the extracellular EPSP. A change in
      population spike threshold, compatible with a postsynaptic mechanism, was
      observed and some possible models of action discussed. Augmentation survived
      depletion of hippocampal norepinephrine caused by injections of 6-hydroxydopamine
      into the dorsal noradrenergic bundle, indicating that the facilitation was not
      due to an activation of the ascending noradrenergic fibres of passage originating
      from the locus coeruleus. The cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway was ruled out
      as a likely candidate for the modulation as the augmentation survived injections
      of the muscarinic antagonists atropine and scopolamine and the nicotinic
      antagonists tubocurarine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine. A relationship between
      the septal modulation and hippocampal theta was suggested.

PMID- 6817847
TI  - Catecholamines in the carotid body of several mammalian species: effects of
      surgical and chemical sympathectomy.
AB  - The catecholamine content of the carotid body of several mammalian species has
      been assayed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to
      electrochemical detection and radioenzymatic assays. Although there were strain
      differences in the content of catecholamines in the carotid body of the rat,
      noradrenaline was equal to or exceeded the dopamine level in this species. No
      apparent differences were found in carotid bodies of animals killed by cervical
      dislocation or those dissected from anaesthetized animals. Noradrenaline
      concentrations were found to be substantially higher than those of dopamine in
      the cat and guinea-pig carotid body, though dopamine was the predominant amine in
      the rabbit and ferret. Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy or chemical
      sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine substantially depleted noradrenaline without
      influencing dopamine in the rat carotid body. A marked selective reduction in
      noradrenaline was also observed in the rabbit and guinea-pig following
      ganglionectomy, though similar procedures in the cat failed to alter the levels
      of either catecholamine in the carotid body. The present data highlights the
      marked species variation in catecholamine content and the contribution to the
      latter by sympathetic innervation to this organ. This information will be useful
      in determining the species specificity regarding the relative roles of dopamine
      and noradrenaline in the modulation of chemoreceptor afferent discharge.

PMID- 6817848
TI  - Effect of phencyclidines on hippocampal pyramidal cells.
AB  - Phencyclidine (PCP) and several behaviorally active or inactive structural
      analogs were administered i.v. to urethane-anesthetized rats in order to
      determine their effects on CA1 pyramidal cell discharges elicited by
      contralateral CA3 (cCA3) stimulation. PCP and the behaviorally active m-amino
      derivative (m-NH2 PCP) depressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the amplitude of
      the population spike evoked in CA1 by a cCA3 stimulation (ED 50s: 0.9 mg/kg for
      PCP, 0.5 mg/kg for m-NH2 PCP). However, the behaviorally inactive derivatives m
      nitro (m-NO2 PCP) and PCP methyliodide (PCP CH3I) were ineffective up to 10
      mg/kg. PCP (0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.v.) also decreased the duration of inhibition of CA1
      discharges in a paired-stimulus paradigm; this was in contrast to the effects of
      thiopental and diazepam. In midcollicular-transected, urethane-anesthetized rats,
      the inhibitory effect of PCP on cCA3-CA1 transmission was not observed but the
      drug was still as effective as in intact rats in the paired-stimulus paradigm. In
      animals subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the hippocampal noradrenergic
      innervation (average 85%) decrease in NE content), the potency of PCP in
      inhibiting cCA3-CA1 transmission was the same as in a group of sham-operated
      controls. These results suggest the following conclusions: (i) PCP exerts at
      least 2 separate types of effects in CA1, both of which result from a central
      action of the drug; (ii) PCP decreases the monosynaptic excitation of CA1
      pyramidal cells and this action requires the integrity of brainstem afferents;
      (iii) PCP may decrease recurrent inhibition or afterhyperpolarization in CA1 via
      a mechanism which is independent of these connections and, therefore, could
      result from a direct action of the drug at the level of the hippocampus; (iv)
      finally, no evidence was found to suggest that the noradrenergic innervation of
      the hippocampus is critically involved in the action of PCP on CA1 discharges.

PMID- 6817849
TI  - Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle on the
      distribution of cholecystokinin in rat forebrain.
AB  - The quantitative contribution of ascending dopaminergic fibers of the medial
      forebrain bundle to the cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in rat
      forebrain areas has been studied using unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of
      this pathway. The lesions produced depletions of CCK-LI in only two of the 18
      areas studied. The results suggest that the terminal areas of the mesolimbic
      dopamine neurons also contain substantial CCK-LI innervations from other non
      dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 6817850
TI  - Dopaminergic substrates of amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning.
AB  - The conditioned place preference paradigm was used to study the reinforcing
      properties of D-amphetamine. Rats were injected (i.p.) with D-amphetamine
      sulphate (0.5, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg) and 10 min later confined for 30 min to one side
      of a shuttle box in which each of the two compartments had distinctive features.
      On alternate (control) days they received saline injections and were confined for
      30 min to the opposite side. At all doses D-amphetamine produced place preference
      for the distinctive compartment that previously had been associated with the
      drug. Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.15 or 1.0 mg/kg) antagonized the place
      preference produced by amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg). By itself, haloperidol (0.15 or
      1.0 mg/kg) did not produce place aversion. In separate experiments the D
      amphetamine-induced place preference was examined in rats that had received 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nucleus accumbens. Animals with the
      greatest depletion of dopamine did not show preference for the compartment
      associated with D-amphetamine. Furthermore, the time spent on the amphetamine
      reinforced side correlated significantly with the levels of dopamine remaining in
      the nucleus accumbens but not with the dopamine content in the striatum.
      Depletion of peripheral catecholamines by systemic injections of 6-OHDA did not
      affect D-amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning. Other groups of
      animals that received the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine, also developed
      a conditioned preference for the compartment that had been associated with the
      drug treatment. These findings support the view that the reinforcing effects of D
      amphetamine are mediated by central dopamine-containing neurons, and in
      particular those of the mesolimbic system.

PMID- 6817851
TI  - Cocaine-induced place preference conditioning: lack of effects of neuroleptics
      and 6-hydroxydopamine lesions.
AB  - The conditioned place preference paradigm was used to investigate the reinforcing
      properties of cocaine. Rats were injected (i.p.) with cocaine hydrochloride
      (0.625-20 mg/kg) and then immediately confined for 30 min to one side of a
      shuttle box in which each of the two compartments had distinctive features. On
      alternate (control) days they received saline injections and were confined for 30
      min to the opposite side. Cocaine produced a significant, dose-related preference
      for the distinctive environment that previously had been paired with the drug.
      Pretreatment with pimozide (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) or haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg), both of
      which blocked the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine, failed to influence
      place preference produced by cocaine (5.0 mg/kg). In addition, neither 6
      hydroxydopamine lesions of dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens nor 6
      hydroxydopamine-induced destruction of central and/or peripheral noradrenergic
      systems affected cocaine-induced place preference conditioning. In other
      experiments it was found that injections of the local anaesthetic procaine, at
      doses that did not affect locomotor activity (25 and 50 mg/kg), also resulted in
      significant place preference conditioning. It is concluded that cocaine can
      produce place preference conditioning through a mechanism that is independent of
      its effects on catecholamine-containing neurons and that may be related to its
      local anaesthetic properties. It is noted, however, that if cocaine's local
      anaesthetic properties could be blocked selectively, the drug might still produce
      place preference conditioning through its enhancement of central dopaminergic
      function.

PMID- 6817852
TI  - Heterotopic para-articular ossification of the elbow with soft tissue contracture
      in burns.

PMID- 6817853
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of photoactivated methoxylated derivatives of 2-nitronaphtho
      (2.1-b) furan on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
AB  - 2-nitro 7-methoxy naphtho [2,1-b] furan (R 7000) and 2-nitro 8-methoxy naphtho
      [2,1-b] furan, which are highly mutagenic on the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium
      have little activity on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nevertheless,
      irradiation at 365 nm elicits a weak but significant increase of their mutagenic
      activity on this yeast.

PMID- 6817854
TI  - [Radioprotective effect of cysteamine entrapped in liposomes orally administered
      to the mouse].
AB  - Cysteamine entrapped in liposomes was orally delivered to Mice and its
      radioprotective effect observed as a function of the time elapsed between its
      administration and 60Co gamma irradiation. A protection is manifest up to 3 hrs
      after administration. This result contrasts with the absence of protection
      afforded by cysteamine when orally given as an aqueous solution, and with the
      short lasting activity of its parenteral administration.

PMID- 6817855
TI  - [Relative orientation of the two oligomers composing the heavy form of the
      acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata].
AB  - The morphology of the heavy form (H) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
      reintegrated into lipid vesicles after purification in the presence of sodium
      cholate is studied by numerical analysis of electron microscopy images obtained
      after negative staining. The analysis discloses a large variability in the
      relative orientation of the two alpha 2 beta gamma delta oligomers (L),
      suggesting a flexible mode of association between oligomers through the delta
      chains.

PMID- 6817856
TI  - [The bursa of Fabricius of chickens contains cells initiating the graft-versus
      host reaction].
AB  - Allogeneic bursal fragments or bursal cells (B 14 or B 19), grafted on the
      chorioallantois, induce splenomegaly in the recipient embryo (B 14 or B 19). This
      splenomegaly compares to that instigated by spleen cells. Syngeneic bursal grafts
      do not result in spleen enlargement. The reaction is thus caused by the MHC
      difference of the two lines used. We conclude that B cells may have a role in
      initiating the GVH-R.

PMID- 6817857
TI  - [Neutral and basic compounds present in gases produced by Clostridium
      histolyticum, Clostridium hastiforme and Clostridium ghoni cultured under vacuum
      in sodium thioglycolate glucose broth].
AB  - The study of gases produced by Clostridium histolyticum, C. hastiforme and C.
      ghoni cultured under vacuum in sodium thioglycolate glucose broth makes it
      possible to detect compounds not described before for these Bacteria, and
      confirms the production of methane in anaerobic spore-forming Bacteria.

PMID- 6817858
TI  - [Toxicity of products resulting from the cold combustion of polypropylene].
AB  - The cool flame combustion of polypropylene at 350 degrees C leads to the
      formation of toxic compounds which can cause death in mice. Under the conditions
      described, the LD50 is close to 0.95 g. However the survival times with 0.50 g
      samples are longer than those obtained by operating in an ambient atmosphere at
      500 degrees and 800 degrees C after a slow introduction of the material into the
      oven.

PMID- 6817859
TI  - [A new test for hemolysis related to tocopherol deficiency: hemolysis caused by
      sodium azide (NaN3). Results in cholestasis in children].
AB  - In patients suffering from intra or extrahepatic biliary obstruction defective
      absorption of liposoluble vitamins results in tocopherol deficiency. Erythrocyte
      membranes thus have an increased susceptibility to various oxydants. Erythrocytes
      from 28 infants and children with biliary atresia have been studied. The usual
      peroxide hemolysis test (H2O2) was compared with a new method using sodium azide
      (NaN3), an inhibitor of intraerythrocytic catalase, as the hemolyzing agent. A
      much more significant correlation was found between plasma tocopherol levels and
      NaN3--induced hemolysis (R. coefficient = -0.872; P = 99.9%) than tocopherol
      levels and peroxyde hemolysis (RC = -0.477; P = 95-99%). In severely tocopherol
      deficient patients (plasma levels below 0.15 mg/dl compared to normal of 0.5
      mg/dl) sodium azide hemolysis is completed by the 5th hour of incubation at 37
      degrees C. After the 5th hour, hemolysis begin to appear in the control media and
      when measured at 20 hrs is almost complete especially in the isotonic saline
      solution (NaCl 0.9 g/l). When abnormal red cells are incubated in their own
      tocopherol-supplemented plasma a complete normalization of hemolysis due to NaN3,
      H2O and control media is obtained. The sodium azide hemolysis test is proposed as
      a new and simple means of measuring tocopherol deficiency in erythrocyte
      membranes.

PMID- 6817860
TI  - [Clonal multiplication and mitotic capacity].
AB  - On a theoretical model of cellular genome we demonstrate that the clonal
      multiplication induces an ineluctable decline of the "mitotic capacity". A
      cellular population is formed, the genomes of which include no more than one of
      each fundamental genetic element.

PMID- 6817861
TI  - [Urea cycle enzyme activities in fetal rat hepatocytes in primary cultures].
AB  - The development of urea synthetizing enzymes, namely argininosuccinate
      synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase was studied in fetal Rat liver cells
      in culture. The enzyme activities were measured in 18.5 days old isolated
      hepatocytes and could not develop without addition of dexamethasone in the
      culture medium.

PMID- 6817862
TI  - [Tomodensitometric study of the entire foot of the chimpanzee (Pan): comparison
      with tomodensitometric and anatomic sections of the human foot].

PMID- 6817863
TI  - [Excitatory effects of 2 peptides on rat cortical neurons: laminar distribution
      and correlation with the effect of acetylcholine].
AB  - The most frequent effect observed following iontophoretic application of
      cholecystokinin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on Rat SI cortical neurons
      was an excitation. Most of the peptide-sensitive neurons were located in
      infragranular layers of the cortex. In most instances these neurons could also be
      excited by acetylcholine. These results suggest that some neuropeptides and
      acetylcholine might share common mechanisms of action on cortical neurons.

PMID- 6817864
TI  - [Limit-dose evaluation of serum thymic factor activity].

PMID- 6817865
TI  - [Murine cloned cells related to basophil-mast cell granulocytes, spontaneously
      cytotoxic toward tumor cells].
AB  - Two independent cloned cell lines were derived following the in vitro expansion
      of spleen and bone-marrow cells suspensions from DBA/2 Mice in the presence of a
      conditioned medium containing interleukin II. They exhibit a spontaneous
      cytotoxicity towards two tumors of leukemic origin. The presence of cytoplasmic
      granules, their staining properties, the typing of surface markers and enzyme
      activities suggest that they belong to the basophil-mast cell lineage.

PMID- 6817866
TI  - [Neutral and basic compounds present in gases produced by Clostridium sporogenes,
      Plectridium putrificum and Plectridium glycolicum cultured under vacuum in sodium
      thioglycolate glucose broth].
AB  - The study of gases produced by Clostridium sporogenes, Plectridium putrificum et
      P. glycolicum cultured under vacuum in sodium thioglycolate glucose broth makes
      possible the detection of compounds not described before for these Bacteria,
      particularly methyl-2 butanal and methyl-3 butanal for P. glycolicum and
      thiacyclopropane in these 3 Bacteria. Thiacyclopropane is the result of the
      cyclization of mercapto-2 ethanol produced by the reduction of thioglycolic acid.

PMID- 6817868
TI  - [Myoelectrical operant conditioning in human subjects without their knowing the
      experimental aim].
AB  - If myoelectrical activity is joined with some reinforcement in a biofeedback
      loop, naive subjects are able to learn a particular myoelectrical response. This
      learning is established by the increase of operant response occurrence frequency.
      Data resulting from control experiments are used as a reference.

PMID- 6817867
TI  - [Response of the joint tissues to the presence of a foreign body implanted into
      the rabbit knee. A new model of experimental arthrosis].
AB  - The joint tissues (synovium, articular cartilage and bone), respond rapidly and
      consistently to the presence of a piece of polypropylene surgically implanted
      into the Rabbit knee joint. In the contact of a foreign body, a synovium
      proliferates in an attempt to isolate and exclude the intruder from the joint
      cavity. The articular cartilage degenerates at the sites of maximal pressure. Its
      superficial layer undergoes cell necrosis and fibrillation and is progressively
      destroyed in the process of mechanical grinding. At the sites of lower pressure,
      the chondrocytes proliferate and form the metabolically hyperactive clones which
      have increased capacity to incorporate tritiated thymidine and radioactive
      sulfate. The glycosaminoglycan content of articular cartilage, compared to the
      shamoperated control side, rapidly decreases after operation as suggested by a
      loss of metachromatic staining and lower per unit weight concentration of uronic
      acid and hexosamine. In addition to the above changes, the osteophytes quickly
      develop at the articular margins from the proliferating synovial tissue while
      underlying bone become thicker and eburnated. These foreign body induced changes
      in articular morphology and metabolism resemble closely those observed in
      osteoarthrosis. The present model therefore may prove useful in studying the
      latter condition.

PMID- 6817869
TI  - [Immunocytometric study of pyruvate kinase L in isolated rat hepatocytes: effect
      of fasting and glucagon].
AB  - In liver, L-type pyruvate kinase (LPK) was considered to be the major isozyme.
      Using an immunocytometric method, it was demonstrated that labeled LPK (LPK+)
      hepatocytes were largely influenced by the nutritional status of the Rat, as well
      as addition of glucagon in vitro. In the fed Rats, the percentage of LPK
      hepatocytes remained stable for at least 90 min. This decreased to one half value
      in the fasted Rats. Addition of glucagon (114 nM) had no effect in fasted Rats,
      but decreased the percentage of LPK-hepatocytes to a half in the fed Rats. It was
      concluded that neoglucogenesis status (fasting or addition of glucagon in fed
      Rats liver cells) induced a fall in the percentage of LPK-hepatocytes.

PMID- 6817870
TI  - [The high affinity binding site for chlorpromazine is present only as a single
      copy per cholinergic receptor molecule and is shared by four polypeptide chains].
AB  - 3H chlorpromazine binds to acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane fragments
      prepared from Torpedo marmorata electric organ in three different manners: (1) at
      the level of high affinity sites from which it is displaced by
      perhydrohistrionicotoxin, (2) at the level of low affinity sites insensitive to
      this toxin, and (3) in a non saturable manner to a presumably lipidic phase.
      Binding of chlorpromazine to the first two categories of sites independently
      stabilizes the "desensitized" high affinity state of the receptor for cholinergic
      agonists. There exists one high affinity site per two snake alpha-toxin sites,
      thus per 250,000 daltons light form of the receptor. Under the conditions of 3H
      chlorpromazine high affinity binding, ultraviolet irradiation results in the
      covalent incorporation of this ligand to the four chains of the receptor.

PMID- 6817871
TI  - [Modulation of the interaction between band 3 and the cytoskeleton by binding
      wheat germ agglutinin to erythrocyte membranes].

PMID- 6817873
TI  - [Cellular regulation of human interleukin-2 production].
AB  - The mechanism of IL2 production by T lymphocytes has been clearly established in
      Mice. Previous studies have also suggested that control of IL2 production is
      similar in the Human. We have observed that a complete depletion of adherent
      monocytes abrogates IL2 production by T lymphocytes. On the other hands in humane
      inhibition of IL2 production was also mediated by an excess of monocytes. This
      inhibition was mediated by soluble products and could be blocked by treatment
      with indomethacin. PGE2 was identified as one of this, inhibitory monokine. A
      possible mechanism of this inhibition by PGE2 is suggested. Such inhibition was
      not observed if the T lymphocyte suspension was irradiated (1000 rad) before
      addition of PGE2 or excess monocytes. These results suggest that activation of a
      radiosensitive T cell by monokines is required for the inhibition of IL2
      production. A model for the cellular control of human IL2 production is proposed.

PMID- 6817872
TI  - [Use of a new rheometer for the study of the filtrability of a suspension of
      sickled red cells as a function of PO2].
AB  - The filtration time of a small volume (0.1 ml) of red cell suspension from normal
      (AA), heterozygous (AS) and homozygous (SS) subjects for sickle cell disease was
      investigated as a function of PO2 The curve of filtration time of AS and SS red
      cell suspensions was biphasic. At high values of PO2, the progressive reduction
      of filtrability of sickle cell suspensions with decreasing PO2 occurred without
      new change in morphology of most of the cells. In contrast, at lower PO2 the
      apparent filtrability was improved and the cells were sickled." However the red
      blood cells were retained by the filter and the "solvent" filtrability was
      improved because rigid and highly deformed sickled cells did not clogged
      completely the pores of the filter. This study allowed to distinguish a new
      concept of apparent filtrability for red blood cells in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 6817874
TI  - [Nephropathy induced by cadmium in eels adapted to seawater (teleosts)].
AB  - Nephropathic casts are produced in the kidneys of eels adapted to sea water and
      submitted to Cd exposure. They are made of phosphate and oxalate of calcium and
      might contain traces of carbonates. Spherites are formed and grow in the lumen of
      nephrons and collecting tubules; they are linked to a glycoproteic secretion.
      They are devoid of Cd and do not contribute to excrete the toxic metal.

PMID- 6817875
TI  - [Immunochemical demonstration of selective localization of fibronectin in the
      intimal layer of the synovial membrane and at the periphery of articular
      cartilage in the mouse].

PMID- 6817876
TI  - [Hepatic lipidosis in the lactating rat fed a low protein and methionine
      supplemented diet: comparison of effects of fructose and glucose].

PMID- 6817877
TI  - [Vertical displacements of the center of gravity in the cat during movement of
      limb flexion induced by motor cortex stimulation].
AB  - A limb movement and the corresponding postural adjustment results in a
      displacement of the body's center of gravity. The vertical component of this
      displacement has been calculated by measuring the variations of the sum of
      vertical forces at each limb. The displacements are upwards and are larger in the
      case of hindlimb flexion than forelimb flexion. Their amplitude is directly
      linked to the time course of the vertical force variations recorded at each limb.
      The feed-forward character of the postural adjustment appears to minimize this
      amplitude and this may allow us to discuss the functional significance of this
      postural adjustment.

PMID- 6817881
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies on the effect of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook
      in the treatment of nephritis].

PMID- 6817878
TI  - [A method of molecular hybridization identification of chromosomes purified with
      a cell sorter].

PMID- 6817879
TI  - [Analysis of various isoferritins with monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Balb/c Mice were immunized with splenic isoferritin. Spleen cells from immunized
      Mice were fuzed with SP2O myeloma cells. Four monoclonal antibodies designated
      respectively M29, M211, M386 and B8 were selected. Various isoferritins were
      analysed by immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony technic). With these monoclonal
      antibodies and with Rabbit polyclonal sera: human basic and acidic isoferritins
      and Horse spleen ferritin. Ferritin could be precipitated by these monoclonal
      antibodies. These results confirm that the ferritin molecule consists of
      repeating antigenic sites. No immunoreactivity difference could be detected
      between acidic and basic human ferritine. Species specificity was recognized. The
      high affinity constant of the M29 monoclonal antibody allowed development of a
      standardized radioimmunossay of ferritin.

PMID- 6817880
TI  - [Investigation on the incidence of urinary tract diseases in a population of over
      180,000 people].

PMID- 6817882
TI  - [Pathological findings and clinical manifestations in 27 cases of lupus
      nephritis].

PMID- 6817883
TI  - [Medical management before and after homologous transplantation of the kidney].

PMID- 6817885
TI  - [Study on the technic of suturing arteries measuring 0.15-0.30 mm in external
      diameter by structural characteristics of microvessels].

PMID- 6817884
TI  - [Chronic mercurotoxic nephropathy].

PMID- 6817886
TI  - [Pressor effects of naloxone injection into the subarachnoid space of the spinal
      cord in rabbits with hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 6817887
TI  - [Brain stem response audiometry in normal subjects].

PMID- 6817888
TI  - [Study on the dose-regimen of gentamicin].

PMID- 6817889
TI  - [Lymphocytic hybridoma technology].

PMID- 6817890
TI  - Techniques for determining the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis.
AB  - Each of the presently available noninvasive methods used to determine the nature
      and degree of changes in skeletal mass has significant advantages and
      limitations. Dual photon absorptiometric techniques generally have a very low
      radiation dose. They are also less expensive to construct than other systems.
      However, they provide information only on a highly localized portion of the axial
      skeleton. Computed tomography offers significant potential advantages over other
      techniques, but requires further work for the solution of inherent technical
      problems. Similarly, considerable additional work is required for the Compton
      scattering technique; the technical problems associated with this are even more
      formidable. Neutron activation analysis permits the direct in vivo measurement of
      total calcium content of the body and hence, skeletal mass. However, while there
      is vast clinical and research experience with partial body and total body neutron
      activation, the techniques are generally not routinely available for application
      in clinical centers. The question as to whether DPA of the spine, or total body
      calcium measurement best reflects changes in bone mass after therapy has not been
      resolved.

PMID- 6817892
TI  - Quantitative bone histology in 84 normal American subjects. Micromorphometric
      analysis and evaluation of variance in iliac bone.
AB  - Quantitative bone histology was done in undecalcified sections of iliac crest
      bone specimens obtained from 84 normal American individuals. Samples were
      obtained within 12 h after death in a vertical and horizontal manner from both
      the right and left iliac crests. In addition to the determination of normal
      values of micromophometric parameters of bone in these healthy American subjects,
      the following studies were carried out: (a) comparison of variance of
      micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained from the right versus left iliac
      bone (40 pairs), (b) comparison of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained
      in a vertical versus horizontal manner (12 pairs), (c) evaluation of variance
      with increasing distance from the compact zone in bone samples obtained in a
      vertical manner (44 pairs), (d) analysis of variation between bone samples
      obtained more anteriorly versus posteriorly along the iliac crest (N = 40), (e)
      comparison of differences in micromorphometric parameters obtained from age
      matched men versus premenopausal women (N = 12), and (f) plotting of histograms
      for assessment of distribution of micromorphometric parameters. The results show
      that histomorphometric data of bone cannot be easily compared when different
      techniques are employed for obtaining bone samples. Sampling variations are kept
      smaller when bone specimens are obtained in a vertical manner. Anterior/posterior
      variation does not cause major sampling error. If ranges of variation are taken
      into account, quantitative bone histology is a valuable tool for assessment of
      bone structure and bone cells.

PMID- 6817891
TI  - A new semiautomatic method for quantitative static and dynamic bone histology.
AB  - A new semiautomatic technique combining advantages of the manual and fully
      automatic methods is described for obtaining quantitative static and dynamic
      histologic data of bone. The hardware consists of a photomicroscope, digitizing
      platen, digitizer, plotter/printer, floppy disc drive, and computer. The
      microscope is equipped with a drawing tube through which the image of the
      digitizing platen is projected over the optical field. The investigator selects
      and traces all histologic structures to be measured by moving a cursor on the
      digitizing platen which is visible by its projection over the histologic field.
      The results on accuracy and static and dynamic precision of this method show that
      static and dynamic parameters of bone are obtained with a degree of error (less
      than 20%) well within the acceptable range for biologic measurements. Comparison
      of this method with the grid technique according to Merz and Schenck showed that
      for almost all micromorphometric parameters comparable absolute data are
      obtained. Due to the higher precision of our method, however, the number of
      optical fields evaluated in obtaining these comparable data could be reduced to
      25% of the number of fields evaluated by the Merz and Schenck technique. The time
      requirements for quantitative evaluation of a histologic slide of bone by our
      technique are 40-50 min; 20-25 min is needed for quantitative evaluation of
      osteocytes.

PMID- 6817893
TI  - Evidence for negative correlation between quantitative histological studies and
      microradiography of iliac crest bone and forearm osteodensitometry in elderly
      women with osteoporosis.
AB  - Quantitative histomorphometric and microradiographic analysis of iliac crest bone
      biopsy specimens of 10 unselected and untreated postmenopausal women with
      osteoporosis was performed and the results were correlated with the values
      measured by osteodensitometry on the right forearm. No positive correlation
      between histomorphometry or microradiography and osteodensitometry was observed.
      Moreover, the data of various histomorphometric parameters and those of the bone
      mineral content measured by microradiography revealed a significant negative
      correlation when compared to the values obtained by osteodensitometry. Our
      results suggest, that evaluation of one skeletal site is not necessarily
      representative of the entire skeleton in patients with postmenopausal
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 6817894
TI  - Long-term measurement of skeletal and lean body mass in Paget's disease of bone
      treated with synthetic human calcitonin.
AB  - Total body calcium (an index of skeletal mass), ulnar bone density, and total
      body potassium (lean body mass) were followed for up to 5 years in 38 patients
      with Paget's disease during treatment with synthetic human calcitonin. Calcium
      was measured by neutron activation, ulnar density by X-ray photodensitometry, and
      potassium by counting its natural 40K radioactivity. There was a significant rise
      in total skeletal mass in a group of 8 patients in the 12 months following the
      start of therapy, but overall, total bone mass and ulnar density remained
      constant during treatment. Small mean losses of body potassium were observed
      (approximately 4%) after several years elapsed on treatment. Over an average
      period of 12 months after discontinuation of therapy in 21 patients there was no
      significant mean change in calcium or potassium. The means of the ratios of total
      body calcium divided by predicted normal calcium (over the whole period of
      measurement) were 1.08 (males) and 0.99 (females) and were not significantly
      different. Comparison of the ulnar densities of patients and normal subjects gave
      similar results. The average ratio of measured to predicted normal potassium was
      1.13 (both males and females). Thus there was no indication of depletion in
      skeletal mass below normal either in the untreated disease or resulting from
      treatment.

PMID- 6817895
TI  - Biochemical findings in blood of aged patients with femoral neck fractures: a
      contribution to the detection of occult osteomalacia.
AB  - A study was made in Geneva of 44 patients with femoral neck fractures and no risk
      factor of osteomalacia to determine concentrations of 25OHD3, calcium,
      phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and globulins in blood. The results
      were compared with those obtained for control groups of adult and aged subjects,
      as well as of 21 subjects operated on for hip osteoarthritis. For the detection
      of occult osteomalacia, femoral head bone tissue from 14 patients with fractures
      was examined by histomorphometric methods. In more than a third of the cases,
      25OHD3 and serum albumin values were lower than those found for adult and even
      aged control subjects. Some slight histological signs of osteomalacia were
      observed in 1 patient with a femoral neck fracture, but there was no correlation
      between the histologic and the blood data. In practice, when dealing with aged
      people with no obvious risk of osteomalacia, it is important that a systematic
      antiosteomalacia treatment consisting of large supplements of vitamin D be
      avoided and that the conditions of diet and living be carefully controlled.

PMID- 6817896
TI  - Serum calcitonin concentrations in premature infants during the first 12 weeks of
      life.
AB  - Twenty-eight premature infants of mean gestation 30.9 +/- 2.5 weeks and mean
      birth weight 1175 +/- 206 g had repeated serum calcitonin concentrations
      determined over the first 12 weeks of life. Serum calcitonin concentrations
      slowly fell but remained elevated even at 12 weeks of age [normal adult = 71 +/-
      48, 1 week (N = 15) = 327 +/- 167, 3 week (N = 23) = 270 +/- 129, 6 week (N = 16)
      = 249 +/- 154, 9 week (N = 13) = 214 +/- 108, 12 week (N = 12) = 174 +/- 11].
      Throughout this period, serum total calcium was normal or low (8.4 +/- .8-9.3 +/-
      1.0). Serum phosphorus was normal or low (6.0 +/- 1.4-6.5 +/- 1.0), and serum
      magnesium was normal (1.7 +/- 0.24-1.8 +/- 0.34). The reason for the sustained
      elevation of serum calcitonin in these very small, sick, premature infants in
      unclear.

PMID- 6817897
TI  - Inductive specificity of mineralized bone matrix in ectopic osteoclast
      differentiation.
AB  - The present report describes the first in a series of studies designed to
      identify the factor or factors responsible for eliciting osteoclast
      differentiation. Particles of mineralized and demineralized bone, hydroxyapatite
      (HA), and eggshell were grafted onto the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of
      chick embryos. After 3 of 6 days, portions of CAMs with associated grafts were
      harvested, processed for light and electron microscopy, and examined for the
      presence of multinucleated giant cells with the morphological characteristics of
      osteoclasts. Light microscopic examination revealed that, within only 3 days,
      many particles of mineralized materials had become surrounded or engulfed by
      multinucleated giant cells. Ultrastructurally, all such cells possessed a
      vacuolated and mitochondria-enriched cytoplasm, but they differed in the nature
      of the contacts formed at the cell-particle interface. With eggshell, the cells
      developed filopodia but lacked clear zones and ruffled membranes. With HA, clear
      zones were evident but cytoplasmic extensions and membrane ruffling were absent.
      Implants of mineralized bone, however, elicited the formation of giant cells with
      prominent clear zones and ruffling of the plasma membrane like that observed in
      bonafide osteoclasts. In contrast, grafts of demineralized bone did not evoke
      giant cell formation but rather recruited two cell types morphologically akin to
      either fibroblasts or macrophages. We conclude that the factor(s) responsible for
      osteoclast differentiation resides specifically within bone matrix and is
      intimately associated with the mineral phase. Further, in response to such a
      factor(s), osteoclast differentiation can occur ectopically, outside of the
      developing vertebrate body.

PMID- 6817898
TI  - Isolation of osteoclasts from fetal rat long bones.
AB  - Cell isolates containing multinucleate osteoclasts were obtained from
      longitudinally split fetal rat long bones by treatment with testicular
      hyaluronidase. The total yield of osteoclasts and the osteoclast enrichment of
      the isolate were increased if the intact bones were first cultured for 72 h. Even
      greater enhancement was obtained if the bones were treated with 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] during the culture period. This technique
      resulted in a cell population containing approximately 15% osteoclasts in yields
      greater than 50 osteoclasts per long bone. The yield of osteoclasts and the
      percentage of osteoclasts correlated well with the extent of bone resorption
      induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. The effectiveness of several isolation procedures was
      compared using the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated long bones. Conventional digestion with 1
      mg/ml crude collagenase gave a much poorer yield of osteoclasts than simply
      agitating the split long bones. Hyaluronidase plus EDTA was not significantly
      different from EDTA alone. Even with milder procedures, however, the isolated
      osteoclasts were damaged as judged by their failure to exclude trypan blue. The
      osteoclasts are obviously very fragile cells. The isolation technique coupled
      with May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining permitted reliable determination of the median
      number of nuclei per osteoclast. This parameter was the same in uncultured bones
      or in bones cultured for 72 h in control media. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3
      increased the nuclear number. At lower levels of bone resorption, nuclear number
      did not increase, but it was significantly greater in more highly resorbed bones.

PMID- 6817899
TI  - Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system resorb implanted bone matrix: a
      histologic and ultrastructural study.
AB  - Implantation of mineral-containing bone fragments into calvarial defects in rats
      initiates a rapid and reproducible resorption of the bone matrix. After 7 days, a
      dense tissue develops with mononucleated as well as multinucleated cells
      surrounding and between the bone fragments. Electron microscopy revealed that
      these cells belong to the mononuclear phagocytic system: they were identified as
      macrophages, epithelioid cells, foreign body giant cells, and Langerhans cells.
      In addition to the common ultrastructural characteristics, these cells had
      electron-dense, focal specializations along their cell membrane with a coating on
      the exterior, corresponding to subplasmalemmal linear densities. Small,
      unidentified cells with electron-dense ground cytoplasm were often seen in close
      proximity to more differentiated cells. No halisteresis had occurred on the
      surfaces of the bone fragments. Indentations resembling Howship's lacunae were
      frequent; these contained mononucleated as well as multinucleated cells. Some
      surfaces were frayed and collagen fibers were exposed, but the cells apposed to
      these surfaces did not have ruffled borders as are seen in osteoclasts. Some bone
      fragments were broken up and cell processes had penetrated deep into the cracks,
      separating pieces of matrix. Small matrix particles were phagocytosed by
      macrophages, but not by epithelioid cells or giant cells. It appears that enzymes
      capable of degrading bone matrix components were secreted by the more
      differentiated cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. They eroded the bone
      surface in a way reminiscent of osteoclastic bone resorption. They also entered
      the canaliculi to act from within the bone fragment, a process possible only in
      dead bone. We suggest a possible relationship of these cells with osteoclasts.

PMID- 6817901
TI  - Chloroquine, hydroxystilbamidine, and dapsone inhibit resorption of fetal rat
      bone in organ culture.
AB  - Three potential inhibitors of lysosomal enzyme release, chloroquine,
      hydroxystilbamidine, and dapsone were tested for their effects on the release of
      previously incorporated 45Ca and beta (beta)-glucuronidase from fetal rat long
      bones cultured in a chemically defined medium. At concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(
      8)M, all three agents were able to inhibit the stimulation of bone resorption by
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Inhibition was seen at
      concentrations which did not alter the uptake of (3H)-2-deoxy-glucose or the
      incorporation of (3H)-thymidine in bone. While the inhibitors blocked the
      stimulation of beta-glucuronidase release by PTH and PGE2, they could also cause
      a direct increase in total beta-glucuronidase content and release. Hence the
      usual strong correlation between the release of beta-glucuronidase and 45Ca was
      no longer seen in the presence of inhibitors. These data indicate that
      chloroquine, hydroxystilbamidine, and dapsone are potent inhibitors of bone
      resorption which may act by blocking the release of lysosomal enzymes in cells
      stimulated by PTH or PGE2, but may have a different effect on other cell
      populations.

PMID- 6817900
TI  - Comparison of parathyroid hormone and calcium ionophore A23187 effects on bone
      resorption and nucleic acid synthesis in cultured fetal rat bone.
AB  - It has recently been demonstrated that calcium ionophore A23187 mimics certain of
      the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone in vitro, including stimulation
      of 45Ca release and cAMP formation. To further examine the relative effects of
      these two agents on bone cell metabolism, we compared the effects of synthetic
      PTH 1-34 (50 ng/ml) and calcium ionophore A23187 (0.5 micrograms/ml) on 45Ca
      release, DNA concentration, and nucleic acid synthesis in fetal rat forelimb
      rudiments cultured for periods up to 120 h. Both agents stimulated 45Ca release;
      however, the effects of PTH were apparent after a shorter period of exposure.
      Bone DNA concentration (expressed as microgram DNA/mg bone) was not affected by
      PTH but was significantly increased relative to control values by exposure to
      A23187 for 8-120 h of incubation. PTH increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      into DNA at 30 and 48 h, and increased the incorporation of 14C-uridine into RNA
      at 48 h, time points which corresponded to a period of accelerated PTH
      stimulation of 45Ca release. In contrast, 3H-thymidine and 14C-uridine
      incorporation were both uniformly suppressed by A23187 at all time points
      examined. Thus the increased DNA concentration observed in A23187-treated
      rudiments appeared to be the result of a decreased rate of bone maturation and
      mineralization. The markedly different patterns of nucleic acid synthesis in
      response to PTH and A23187 suggest that these agents differ significantly in
      their mechanisms of action on bone cell metabolism.

PMID- 6817902
TI  - Role of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the development of
      osteopenia in oophorectomized rats.
AB  - The effect of ovarian insufficiency on calcium metabolism has been thought to
      involve an increased bone resorptive effect of parathyroid hormone and possible
      impaired synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In the present study a rat model
      allowing for controlled serum levels of parathyroid hormone and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 was used. Oophorectomy in this species is associated with
      increased serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and decreased bone mass.
      Although thyroparathyroidectomy increased bone mass, an increased sensitivity of
      bone to parathyroid hormone in oophorectomized rats was not observed. Thus the
      development of the osteopenia did not seem to be related to increased parathyroid
      hormone sensitivity or to reduced levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exogenous
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased bone mass in oophorectomized as well as intact
      rats. Intestinal calcium transport was increased by moderate doses of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. Intestinal calcium transport was also reduced by
      thyroparathyroidectomy and increased by the administration of parathyroid
      extract. A tendency for increased accumulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in
      blood in oophorectomized rats has been noted. It is suggested that the tendency
      to hypercalcemia in ovarian-insufficient females given 1-hydroxylated vitamin D
      compounds may be related to a diminished metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 6817904
TI  - [Peptide hydrolases of lactobacilli of the Thermobacterium group. I.
      Demonstration of these activities in Lactobacillus helveticus, L. acidophilus, L.
      lactis and L. bulgaricus].
AB  - The intracellular peptide hydrolase activities of Lactobacillus helveticus, L.
      acidophilus, L. lactis, and L. bulgaricus were determined using various
      aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, and carboxypeptidase substrates in addition to
      casein and whey protein fractions. The different activities were then separated
      using disc gel electrophoresis. Each bacterium had aminopeptidase activity
      towards various amino acid beta-naphthylamides and dipeptides. The four species
      also showed bands of true dipeptidase activities on a large number of dipeptides.
      Intracellular enzymes from thermophilic lactobacilli also hydrolysed the whey
      proteins (alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin). From the results of
      electrophoresis on beta-casein and alpha s1-casein it was shown that beta-casein
      was totally hydrolysed by L. lactis while it was only partially hydrolysed by the
      intracellular enzymes of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus. On the other hand,
      alpha s1-casein was only partially hydrolysed by L. helveticus, L. lactis, and L.
      bulgaricus.

PMID- 6817903
TI  - Plasma catecholamines and response to exercise in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated dogs.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine (CA; picograms per millilitre) concentrations were measured
      simultaneously with heart rate (HR, beats per minute) during short-duration
      exercise, and with plasma glucose, lactate, and free fatty acid (FFA)
      concentrations (millimoles per litre) during long-duration exercise, in control
      dogs (N-dogs) and in sympathectomized dogs (S-dogs) with 6-hydroxydopamine (50 mg
      X kg-1). At rest, higher plasma CA in S-dogs (690 +/- 90 vs. 320 +/- 60) was
      associated with higher HR (126 +/- 3 vs. 90 +/- 5), plasma glucose (6.4 +/- 0.2
      vs. 5.1 +/- 0.2), lactate (2.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.2), and FFA concentrations
      (1.08 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.11). During short-duration exercise a normal HR
      response in S-dogs (226 +/- 9 vs. 228 +/- 8) was dependent upon larger than
      normal plasma CA values (4280 +/- 680 vs. 1990 +/- 360). Metabolic adjustments to
      long-duration exercise were impaired in S-dogs as evidenced by the higher plasma
      glucose and lactate concentrations (8.2 +/- 0.5 and 5.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.4
      and 4.6 +/- 0.3) and the lower plasma FFA concentration (0.66 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.20
      +/- 0.09). These occurred despite a normal plasma CA response in S-dogs (6850 +/-
      1450 vs. 8740 +/- 1680). Following chemical sympathectomy the adrenal medulla can
      compensate to ensure an adequate heart rate response to short-duration exercise,
      but not to ensure adequate metabolic adjustments to prolonged exercise.

PMID- 6817905
TI  - Immunogenicity of potassium thiocyanate extracted and electrofocused Pasteurella
      multocida X-73I antigens in chickens and mice.
AB  - The immunogenicity of antigenic fractions obtained by the extraction of
      Pasteurella multocida strain X-73 (serotype 1) with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN)
      was determined in chickens and mice. The initial KSCN extract was centrifuged at
      105 000 X g, and the antigens were separated into a particulate fraction (40p)
      and a soluble supernatant fraction (40s). The ultracentrifuged fractions were
      further resolved by preparative electrofocusing. The 40p fraction was resolved
      into two subgroups having isoelectric points of 3.5-3.9 and 5.5-6.0; the 40s
      fraction was resolved into five subgroups ranging in isoelectric points from 4.4
      to 9.0. The 40p fractions were antigenically similar and contained
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein. The 40s fractions were antigenically
      distinct from the 40p fractions and from each other; they contained proteins and
      polysaccharides but no LPS. The 40p antigens were strongly immunogenic in mice
      and chickens, whereas the 40s antigens were weakly immunogenic in chickens and
      not immunogenic in mice. The incorporation of Freund's complete adjuvant
      increased the immunogenicity of the 40s antigens in chickens. The 40p antigens
      induced greater frequencies of serological responses in chickens than the 40s
      antigens as detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. This
      suggested that the increased protection associated with the 40p antigens may have
      been the result of better antibody response. The toxicity of all the fractions
      was evaluated by determination of lethality for 10-day-old chicken embryos
      because of the sensitivity and reliability of the test. The 40p fraction had an
      LD50 = 0.38 micrograms, and the 40s fraction had an LD50 = 2.5 micrograms. Since
      the 40s fraction contained no detectable LPS, it is likely that two toxins are
      present, one which contains LPS and one which does not.

PMID- 6817907
TI  - Valproic acid producing a Reye-like syndrome.

PMID- 6817906
TI  - Phenotypic changes in colonial morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Phenotypic changes in the colonial morphology of four opacity variants of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain F62 occurred upon growth in the presence of 14 mM
      pyruvate. Each of the naturally occurring opacity variants, a transparent, an
      opaque, and two deeply opaque, became more opaque; in addition, colonies of the
      opaque variants became rougher. Pyruvate did not appear to have a direct function
      in these colonial changes. Its effects were due to the ability of pyruvate to
      retard the oxidation of cysteine that was added to the medium in a defined
      supplement. Sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
      of outer membranes showed that the opacity-associated proteins of the naturally
      occurring variants were not affected by growth in the presence of pyruvate;
      therefore, the induced opacity changes appear to have another basis. However,
      other proteins were affected. SDS-PAGE of the outer membranes, as well as of cell
      fractions composed predominantly of cytosol and of cytoplasmic membranes,
      revealed quantitative differences in the protein profiles after growth in the
      presence of pyruvate of each variant.

PMID- 6817909
TI  - Persistence of benzo[alpha]pyrenediolepoxide DNA adduct in mouse skin.
AB  - The covalently bound products of [3H]benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) were determined in
      the DNA isolated from the skin of mice 3 weeks after application of the
      carcinogen. In the relatively rapidly proliferating skin the persistence of BP
      DNA adducts was observed, 50% of which were unmodified nucleosides. Small amounts
      of (7R) BPDE I-dG adduct (5% from the initial formation) were found after 3
      weeks. The minor adducts observed at 18 h after treatment were excised.

PMID- 6817908
TI  - eIF-2 initiation factor activity in Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells and in
      4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced liver tumor tissue during growth.
AB  - Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) preparations from mid-log and plateau
      phase Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells, from the liver of Yoshida ascites
      tumor-bearing rats and from 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB)-induced liver tumor
      tissue were assayed for ternary complex formation with 3H-met-tRNAf and GTP on
      nitrocellulose filters. The eIF-2 factor was extracted from postnuclear
      homogenate supernatants by high-salt wash and purified by ion exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose. The results here reported
      demonstrate changes of 3H-met-tRNAf X eIF-2 X GTP ternary complex formation under
      the conditions studied. Higher rates of ternary complex formation are present in
      control rat liver and in DAB-induced liver tumor tissue. The liver of Yoshida
      ascites tumor-bearing rats and the Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells show reduced
      rates of ternary complex formation, that are mostly evident at the plateau-phase
      of the intraperitoneal ascites cell growth. The present observations may be
      attributable to changes in the growing conditions of plateau-phase ascites cells,
      with accumulation in Gl phase, affecting the ability of eIF-2 to enter in the
      sequential assembly of the eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation complex.

PMID- 6817910
TI  - Effect of continuous light on the incidence of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
      induced mammary tumors in female Holtzman rats.
AB  - The pineal has been recently implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. Effect of
      physiological pinealectomy brought about by subjecting female Holtzman rats to
      permanent lighting (24 h/day) from birth was studied on the incidence of 9,10
      dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) induced mammary tumors. The incidence of
      adenocarcinoma was 95% in animals maintained in continuous photoperiod in
      contrast to that (60%) observed in control animals maintained on a light/dark
      (10/14 h) schedule. Further, the latency period of tumor appearance (61.5 +/- 9
      days) in the former group was found to be significantly shorter than that seen in
      the latter group (93.7 +/- 8.3 days). Explanations are offered for this
      difference in the observed incidence.

PMID- 6817911
TI  - Calcium-dependent and calcium-independent aggregation of established and
      malignant cell lines.
AB  - EGTA dissociated cell lines could be distinguished on the basis of their
      dependence on calcium during initial aggregation. However, the calcium-dependent
      aggregation could not be abolished by low chymotrypsin/EGTA treatment. These
      differences were not related to any morphogenetic property of the cells and
      suggest that different aggregation mechanisms are involved.

PMID- 6817912
TI  - Diminution of chemically induced lung neoplasia in mice by phenobarbital pre
      treatment.
AB  - Pre-treatment of 21-day-old ICR/Jcl mice with 75 micrograms/g of phenobarbital
      significantly reduced the yields of lung tumors induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1
      oxide (4NQO) and furylfuramide. Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)- and urethane
      induced lung tumorigenesis was also reduced, but was not significantly different
      from that in mice receiving only the carcinogen. However, 6 consecutive
      treatments with phenobarbital (40 micrograms/g) in adult mice greatly reduced
      urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis. Post-treatment with an equal dose of
      phenobarbital showed neither diminution nor enhancement of tumorigenesis.

PMID- 6817913
TI  - Carcinogenicity of some pyrrolic pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites and
      analogues.
AB  - Repeated topical doses of dehydromonocrotaline, a putative primary toxic
      metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, followed by repeated
      treatments with croton oil, produced malignant tumours of the skin in LACA mice.
      A chemically similar alkylating agent, 2,3-bistrimethylace-toxymethyl-1
      methylpyrrole, was carcinogenic without use of a promoter, confirming a
      preliminary report. Its high activity was due to the intact ester, not to its
      hydrolysis products. Dehydroretronecine (DHR), a less reactive secondary
      metabolite of monocrotaline, was also carcinogenic to LACA mouse skin, but it was
      less active than previously reported in experiments with another strain. Similar
      carcinogenicity was shown by the synthetic 2,3-bishydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole,
      but not by 2,3-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1-phenylpyrrole, which has a high level
      of antimitotic activity.

PMID- 6817914
TI  - Failure of ascorbic acid to inhibit growth of transplantable and
      dimethylbenzanthracene induced rat mammary tumors.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid on the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)
      induced mammary tumor and on growth of R3230AC and MT/W9a-B transplantable rat
      mammary tumors was investigated. High doses of ascorbic acid averaging about 540
      mg/day/rat administered orally in drinking water had no effect on the growth of
      both R3230A and MT/W9a-B transplantable mammary tumors. Furthermore, vitamin C
      was unable to postpone tumor induction, reduce tumor incidence or prolong
      survival time of rats treated with DMBA.

PMID- 6817915
TI  - [Synthesis of the glycopeptide O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2-acetamido
      2-desoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1 to 3)-L-serine and -L-threonine].
AB  - In the presence of silver carbonate-silver perchlorate and dichloromethane
      toluene as solvent, 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl
      chloride, and derivatives of L-serine and -L-serine and -L-threonine, gave, with
      high stereoselectivity, the benzyl esters of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-O-(3,4,6-tri
      O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine (7) and -L-threonine
      (22), which were hydrogenolyzed and deblocked to give 3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy
      alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine and -L-threonine, respectively, corresponding
      to the hapten of the Tn-antigen. Reduction of the azido group of 7, followed by
      selective O-deacetylation and benzylidenation, gave a derivative that was
      glycosylated with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide to
      yield a disaccharide. A similar sequence of reactions, starting from 22, gave the
      L-threonine analog. Removal of the protecting groups from both compounds afforded
      O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl)-L-serine and -L-serine and -L-threonine, respectively, the
      hapten of the T-antigen.

PMID- 6817916
TI  - Affinity labelling of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli with O
      nitrophenyl beta-D-[6-3H] galactopyranoside.

PMID- 6817918
TI  - [Semiquantitative precipitation with streptolysin O].

PMID- 6817917
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on sinus node function
      in patients with and without sinus node dysfunction.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of glucose (100 g)-insulin (20 U)-potassium (10
      mmol X litre-1) infusion (GIK) on three parameters of sinus node function were
      studied in 14 control subjects (mean age 53 +/- 14 yr) and 11 patients (mean age
      50 +/- 17 yr) with sinus node dysfunction (SND). In a first series of experiments
      the response to GIK was examined in nine control and 11 SND patients. Following
      GIK, the mean spontaneous cycle length decreased by 17% (671 to 560 ms; P less
      than 0.01) in the control group and by 33% (1066 to 715 ms; P less than 0.001) in
      the SND patients; this difference between both groups was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.01). In the control group mean corrected sinus node
      recovery time (CRST) and calculated sinoatrial conduction time (SACT; n = 6) were
      not significantly altered after GIK. In SND patients GIK decreased the mean value
      of CSRT by 40% (693 to 416 ms; P less than 0.05) and of calculated SACT (n = 6)
      by 27% (130 to 95 ms; P less than 0.05); prolonged secondary pauses following
      termination of rapid atrial pacing in SND patients were also shortened. In a
      second series of experiments, mannitol (100 g, iv) was administered in five
      control patients but had no significant effect on the electrophysiological
      parameters tested. Plasma levels of glucose were significantly increased, by 500%
      (P less than 0.01), after GIK; plasma potassium and sodium concentrations
      decreased by 7 and 5% (P less than 0.05). The results indicate that GIK had a
      beneficial effect on sinus node dysfunction.

PMID- 6817919
TI  - [Coagulation activity of factor VIII. A study by 10 laboratories].

PMID- 6817920
TI  - Quantitative histochemical studies of the effect of levamisole on splenic T-cells
      in thymectomized Bufo bufo larvae.
AB  - The ability of levamisole (LVS) to correct the effect of thymectomy on splenic T
      cell population in Bufo bufo larvae was tested. Using the nonspecific acid alpha
      naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) technique, the T-lymphocytes displayed a
      characteristic reddish brown spot (T-pattern). The total number of white cells
      per spleen and the number of T-pattern cells per 100 splenic white cells were
      determined. In addition, differential counts of the T-patterns were made on the
      basis of the size of their spots. Thymectomized larvae in comparison to sham
      operated larvae possessed a lower total number of splenic white cells with a
      similar proportion of T-pattern cells, but a lower proportion of cells with a
      large T-pattern. After seven days of LVS treatment, the thymectomized larvae
      showed an increased total number of splenic white cells and an increased
      proportion of cells with a large T-pattern, both data falling within normal
      limits. The effect of LVS appeared marked in thymectomized larvae, but was slight
      or absent in sham-operated larvae. Differential counts of the large T-pattern
      cells, based on the size of ANAE reaction product, showed the capacity of LVS to
      stimulate T-cell maturation. It was concluded that LVS induced proliferation and
      differentiation of splenic T-cells and that the different sizes of T-pattern
      reaction represent different maturational stages of T-cells.

PMID- 6817922
TI  - Catheter-induced coronary spasm.

PMID- 6817921
TI  - Effect of various extraction solutions and thrombin activation on the composition
      of the platelet cytoskeleton.
AB  - When human blood platelets were immersed in an ice-cold solution containing 1%
      Triton X-1200, 40 mM KCl, 10 mM EGTA, 10 mM imidazole-HCl, and 2 mM NaN3 pH 7.0,
      a flocculent precipitate appeared immediately in the tube. This precipitate was
      collected at 3,000g and SDS-polyacrylamide gel analysis showed it to consist
      mainly of actin, alpha-actinin, actin-binding protein (ABP), and varying amounts
      of myosin. Any modifications of this solution used to isolate the platelets'
      Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton caused profound changes in the nature of the
      cytoskeleton isolated. Increasing the KCl concentration resulted in a lower yield
      of cytoskeletal actin and ABP. Inclusion of EDTA in the solution resulted in an
      increased amount of myosin associated with the cytoskeleton, whereas including
      MgATP decreased the myosin yield. Experiments with the purified proteins showed
      that ABP and myosin can each protect the actin from depolymerizing when dialyzed
      into the Triton solubilization solution. In addition, it was found that when
      platelets were stimulated with thrombin for 2 min prior to the addition of the
      Triton solution, 3-4 times more myosin was associated with the cytoskeletal
      precipitate. The results suggest, therefore, that any variations in solution
      conditions used for isolating the cytoskeleton from resting platelets, which
      results in alterations in the amount of ABP, may have profound effects on the
      state of actin polymerization. Likewise, in thrombin-activated platelets, it is
      suggested that the increased association of myosin with the cytoskeleton results
      in a greater stabilization of the F-actin associated with the cytoskeleton. These
      factors must be considered when interpreting the results regarding the nature of
      actin transformations in the resting and activated platelet.

PMID- 6817924
TI  - An expandable gene that encodes a Drosophila glue protein is not expressed in
      variants lacking remote upstream sequences.
AB  - The Drosophila melanogaster gene Sgs4 encodes one of the glue polypeptides, sgs
      4, synthesized in the larval salivary gland. We have examined the structure and
      expression of Sgs4 in five strains that produce abundant amounts of sgs-4 and its
      mRNA and in four that do not. The nonproducers include three Japanese strains
      that accumulate trace amounts of mRNA and one strain, BER-1, that contains no
      detectable Sgs4 RNA. Sgs4 carries a tandem array of repeated 21 bp elements
      within its coding sequence. The number of elements per array varies, causing
      considerable differences in the lengths of Sgs4 and its mRNA among the strains.
      These differences in length are not correlated with differences in mRNA
      abundance; rather, the low or zero abundance in nonproducers correlates with the
      loss of DNA upstream from the gene. The Japanese nonproducers carry a 52 bp
      deletion 305 bp upstream from the 5' end of Sgs4, and BER-1 carries a 95 bp
      deletion 392 bp upstream. Curiously, each deletion encompasses one or more of the
      salivary-gland-specific DNAase I-hypersensitive sites which are known to flank
      the Sgs4 gene.

PMID- 6817923
TI  - Cuticle protein genes of Drosophila: structure, organization and evolution of
      four clustered genes.
AB  - Most of a 9 kb region of the Drosophila genome containing genes for several
      cuticle proteins has been sequenced. Five cuticle-gene-like sequences have been
      identified and mapped. Amino acid sequences of four of the five major third
      instar cuticle proteins have been determined. These four sequences are identical
      with those predicted from the sequences of four of the five genes. Two cuticle
      genes are transcribed in one direction and two in the opposite direction. The
      fifth cuticle-like gene is judged to be a pseudogene because several features of
      its structure and the absence of detectable transcripts suggest it is
      nonfunctional. Sequence comparisons indicate that it arose by an unequal crossing
      over event involving two closely related and adjacent cuticle genes. Each of the
      four cuticle genes contains a signal peptide coding sequence interrupted by a
      short intervening sequence (about 60 bp) at a conserved site. Conserved sequences
      occur in the 5' mRNA untranslated region, in the adjacent 35 bp of upstream
      flanking sequence and at -200 bp from the mRNA start position in each of the
      cuticle genes. We discuss the structure, organization and evolution of these
      cuticle genes as a model small gene family.

PMID- 6817925
TI  - Immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant-region genes.

PMID- 6817926
TI  - Posttranslational formation of hypusine in a single major protein occurs
      generally in growing cells and is associated with activation of lymphocyte
      growth.
AB  - Growing lymphocytes perform a novel chemical modification of a single protein
      (Hy+: approximately 18 kd, pI approximately 5.1), resulting in the formation of
      the unusual amino acid, hypusine (N epsilon-[4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]lysine). This
      posttranslational event occurs only following activation of lymphocyte growth.
      Hypusine formation increases at a rate parallel to protein synthesis during the
      first 24 hr of growth stimulation, beginning before 6 hr of growth. At all times,
      hypusine is restricted primarily to the single protein, Hy+. In resting cells,
      the unmodified substrate protein, Hy0, is continuously synthesized and maintained
      in a steady-state pool of significant size. In several other cell lines, hypusine
      formation was also observed in a single protein of approximately 18 kd, pI
      approximately 5.1, indistinguishable electrophoretically from the lymphocyte
      protein. Thus Hy+ is a ubiquitous protein showing significant conservation among
      divergent species. Maintenance by resting lymphocytes of a pool of unmodified
      protein and early activation during growth of the hypusine-forming enzyme system
      suggest that this posttranslational modification may be of importance to
      lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6817927
TI  - Expression of factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex lectin binding sites in
      endothelial cells during long-term culture.

PMID- 6817928
TI  - [Problems associated with expressing economic efficiency in health care-
      particularly when evaluating future actions].

PMID- 6817929
TI  - Interactions of the chelating agent 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate with red
      blood cells in vitro. II. Effects on metalloproteins.
AB  - The implications of the carrier mediated uptake of 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1
      sulfonate (DMPS) (D.B. Wildenauer et al., Chem.-Biol. Interact., 42 (1982) 165)
      on cytoplasmic components of human red blood cells have been investigated in
      vitro. The water-soluble chelating agent caused a mobilization of metals (zinc
      and copper) from metalloproteins which resulted in a permeation of the membrane.
      Furthermore, a cytoplasmic protein was found to be attached to the membrane after
      DMPS treatment of red blood cells. The protein was isolated and identified by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), amino acid
      analysis and finger-printing as carbonic anhydrase. The enzyme could be
      solubilized from the membrane by addition of beta-mercaptoethanol, suggesting an
      involvement of sulfhydryl-groups. In a reconstitution experiment, DMPS-treated
      human carbonic anhydrase could be attached to inside-out vesicles which were
      prepared from human erythrocytes. In contrast, bovine carbonic anhydrase, which
      is known to lack sulfhydryl-groups, failed to bind to the same vesicles.
      Moreover, attachment of carbonic anhydrase to the membrane did not occur when
      intact bovine erythrocytes were treated with DMPS. It is suggested that zinc
      depletion of carbonic anhydrase causes the liberation of a sulfhydryl-group of
      the enzyme. This is followed by a disulfide formation with a component of the
      membrane which results in the observed membrane attachment.

PMID- 6817930
TI  - Perinatal development of cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and
      ethoxycoumarin deethylase in rat liver nuclear membranes.
AB  - Perinatal development of rat liver nuclear membrane enzymatic activities was
      investigated with respect to the metabolism of xenobiotica. The qualitative
      pattern observed was very close to that reported for microsomal enzymes during
      development. Cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and ethoxycoumarin
      deethylase are already present in fetuses at 18 days of gestational age.
      Phenobarbital pretreatment appears to be effective as an inducing agent for all
      the enzymes studied, but only after birth. The pattern of induction of cytochrome
      P-450 showed a peak at the 38th day of life three times higher than basal values
      at that age. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase presented a constant elevation to about
      twice basal activity throughout the period taken into consideration.
      Ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity took only 17 days to reach the basal value
      observed later in adult animals. This enzyme proved highly inducible by
      phenobarbital (5-fold) early after birth but the increase dropped to 3-fold from
      the 24th day of life.

PMID- 6817932
TI  - Koch and Koch's bacillus: 100 years ago and today.

PMID- 6817931
TI  - Effects of DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls and thiouracil on circulating thyroid
      hormones, thyroid histology and eggshell quality in Japanese quail (Coturnix
      coturnix japonica).

PMID- 6817933
TI  - Viral hepatitis.
AB  - THREE FORMS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS CAN BE RECOGNIZED: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and
      hepatitis non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A is caused by a picornavirus, is transmitted
      by the faceal-oral route, does not become chronic, and no chronic virus carriers
      exist. The virus can be grown in cell cultures, and killed as well as live
      attenuated virus vaccines are under development. Hepatitis B is caused by an
      enveloped virus containing a circular, double-stranded form of DNA. The disease
      is transmitted parenterally through inoculation of blood or blood products
      containing virus or through close personal contact with a virus-positive person.
      Hepatitis B becomes chronic in a certain number of cases and can lead to
      cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma. The blood and certain body secretions
      of individuals with a persistent or chronic infection may remain infectious for
      many years. The hepatitis B virus cannot be grown in cell cultures but the entire
      genome has been sequenced and cloned in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. An
      inactivated virus vaccine has been prepared from hepatitis B surface antigen
      present in the plasma of hepatitis B virus carriers and further vaccines are
      under development. The agents of hepatitis non-A, non-B have not been identified.
      It is possible to distinguish between a predominantly parenterally transmitted
      and an orally transmitted form of hepatitis non-A, non-B. The latter is reported
      to be caused by a picornavirus that does not, however, have any antigenic
      relationship with hepatitis A virus.

PMID- 6817934
TI  - Immunological research in tuberculosis: Memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - This Memorandum discusses the application of modern immunological techniques to
      various problem areas in tuberculosis. The recent isolation of highly purified
      mycobacterial antigens will have important application in providing specific skin
      test reagents for diagnosis, classification, and epidemiological investigations,
      and agents for use as immunogens and adjuvants. The development of monoclonal
      antibodies obtained by immunization of susceptible animals with partially
      purified antigens is considered a most promising approach to the identification
      and isolation of antigens.In vitro studies of the mechanisms of immunity and the
      effects of immunization in tuberculosis are needed. Several methods have been
      proposed recently which require further validation, e.g., through correlation of
      in vivo resistance with results in vitro, and comparison of different antigens in
      the in vitro tests.The specific antigens as well as the in vitro tests of
      tuberculosis immunity would be readily applicable in clinical investigations of
      immunological parameters and the effects of immunization. New serological tests
      using purified antigens would also be of value in this regard. In vitro tests for
      cell-mediated immunity could be used to study the effect of various BCG vaccines
      in different populations, in order to investigate the role of genetic and
      environmental factors in determining the response to immunization. Specific
      antigens and serological tests should prove useful in the diagnosis of different
      forms of extrapulmonary disease, especially in children. A test that could
      distinguish between infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and sensitivity
      induced by BCG immunization or environmental mycobacteria would be very useful
      both in diagnosis and in epidemiological studies. Investigations are needed on
      the mechanisms of endogenous reactivation of disease and the breakdown of
      apparently quiescent disease, in order to try to identify high-risk groups.

PMID- 6817935
TI  - Effects of carcinogens and partial hepatectomy upon the hepatic O6-methylguanine
      repair system in mice.
AB  - The enhanced repair of O6-methylguanine from hepatic DNA in rats is a well
      established phenomenon that can be induced by pretreatment with a variety of
      hepatotoxic agents as well as by partial hepatectomy. Attempts to induce a
      similar hepatic response by treatment with single doses of aflatoxin B1 in C57Bl
      mice, single doses of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in C57Bl or BALB/C mice or by
      prolonged pretreatment with DMN by addition to the drinking water of C57Bl mice
      were uniformly unsuccessful. Furthermore, the intense proliferative response
      induced by two-thirds partial hepatectomy in C57Bl mice was also apparently
      incapable of increasing the activity of this repair function. These experiments,
      in which repair of O6-methylguanine has been determined both in vivo after
      administration of [14C]DMN and in vitro using crude tissue extracts and a
      methylated DNA substrate, indicate the presence of an intergeneric difference
      between rats and mice with respect to this repair function.

PMID- 6817936
TI  - Rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the microsomal epoxide
      hydrolase.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
      developed for microsomal epoxide hydrolase of rat liver. The assay, which is
      easily and readily performed, is significantly more sensitive than most enzymatic
      epoxide hydrolase assays routinely used and electroimmunoassays previously
      developed. The limit of sensitivity of the ELISA is between 2-5 ng of microsomal
      epoxide hydrolase. Using the ELISA microsomal epoxide hydrolases of mouse and rat
      liver were shown to be antigenically very similar, while microsomal epoxide
      hydrolases of guinea pig, monkey and human liver are antigenically distinct from
      those of rat and mouse. The ELISA developed here is capable of detecting
      microsomal epoxide hydrolase of rat and mouse liver even when significant
      enzymatic activity is lost. These results indicate that the antigenic sites
      recognized by the antibodies used are distinct from the catalytic site of the
      epoxide hydrolase. Approximately 1.9% of rat microsomal protein was quantified as
      microsomal epoxide hydrolase by the ELISA. Low levels of microsomal epoxide
      hydrolase were also detected in rat liver cytosol (approximately 0.02% of the
      cytosolic protein) demonstrating that microsomal epoxide hydrolase is not totally
      membrane bound or that an immunologically related protein occurs in the cytosol
      of normal rat liver. The ELISA developed here will be valuable in investigating
      further the role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase.

PMID- 6817937
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene--DNA adduct formation in target cells in a cell-mediated mutation
      assay.
AB  - In order to analyze the adducts formed in V79 Chinese hamster target cells in a
      Syrian hamster embryo (HE) cell-mediated mutation assay, a procedure was
      developed in which the HE cells are differentially killed when the mixed cell
      suspension is treated with antiserum to Syrian HE cells and complement. The V79
      cell suspension, separated from lysed HE cells by gradient centrifugation, is
      greater than 90% HE cell-free. When the carcinogen--DNA interaction products
      formed in these two cell types were analyzed after exposure to [3H]benzo[a]pyrene
      (B[a]P) for 24 h under the conditions of a cell-mediated mutation assay, the
      major B[a]P--DNA adducts in both cell types resulted from reaction of the anti
      and syn isomers of B[a]P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide with DNA. The amount of B[a]P
      bound/mg DNA in the target cells was only 30% less than in the activator cells,
      and the relative proportions of the adducts of the syn and anti isomers were
      similar in the two cell types. The target cells, which do not metabolize B[a]P,
      were also unable to metabolically activate B[a]P-7,8-diol to DNA-binding
      metabolites. Thus, the transfer of activated B[a]P metabolites from activator
      cells to the DNA of target cells is a relatively efficient process that appears
      to be independent of the relative reactivity of specific metabolites with
      cellular nucleophiles. The immunological cell separation procedure we describe
      can be adapted to the analysis of carcinogen--cell interaction products formed in
      cell-mediated assays in which other types of activator and target cells are used
      to measure either mutation or another biological endpoint.

PMID- 6817938
TI  - Anaerobic metabolism and nuclear binding of the carcinogen 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2
      furyl)thiazole (ANFT).
AB  - The anaerobic reductive metabolism of the urinary tract carcinogen 2-amino-4-(5
      nitro-2-furyl)-[2-14C]-thiazole ([14C]ANFT) was examined in vitro using rabbit
      liver and kidney microsomes. The intermediate(s) produced during the reduction
      binds to tRNA, DNA, and protein. ANFT reduction was inhibited by oxygen, required
      NADPH and was not inhibited by SKF-525A or allopurinol. No binding to tRNA or DNA
      was observed if the nucleic acids were added at the end of the incubation. The
      covalent binding of an ANFT metabolite(s) to nucleic acids and protein was
      inhibited by the antioxidants vitamin E and butylated hydroxytoluene. The
      stoichiometry of microsomal reduction shows 3 mol of NADPH were used/mol of ANFT
      reduced. In inner medullary microsomes, the apparent Km and Vmax were 0.05 mM and
      0.92 nmol/mg/min, respectively. Two metabolites from the anaerobic incubation of
      ANFT were isolated. The metabolites were tentatively identified as 1-(2-amino-4
      thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone and 2-amino-4-(5-hydroxyl-amino-2-furyl)thiazole.

PMID- 6817939
TI  - DNA binding and adduct formation of aflatoxin B1 in cultured human and animal
      tracheobronchial and bladder tissues.

PMID- 6817940
TI  - A correlation of the rate of N-hydroxylation of aminoazo dyes with their
      carcinogenic activity in the rat.
AB  - The rate of formation of N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (N-OH-MAB)
      derivatives from N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (DAB) derivatives and from N
      methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) derivatives was measured by the e.s.r.
      spectroscopy, and the rate of N-demethylation of DAB derivatives was measured by
      h.p.l.c. The rate of formation of N-OH-MAB derivatives from DAB derivatives
      showed a strong correlation with their carcinogenic activity. This reaction
      occurs in two-steps, i.e. N-demethylation followed by N-hydroxylation. The rate
      of N-demethylation of DAB derivatives was not correlated with their carcinogenic
      activity. On the other hand, the rate of N-hydroxylation of MAB derivatives was
      well correlated with the carcinogenic activity of corresponding DAB derivatives.
      These results suggest that the carcinogenic activity of DAB derivatives in the
      rat was dependent upon the enzyme concerned with N-hydroxylation. The positive
      carcinogenicity is limited to those derivatives with a rate of N-hydroxylation
      above the threshold value.

PMID- 6817941
TI  - Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine
      decarboxylase activity by lipoxygenase inhibitors: possible role of product(s) of
      lipoxygenase pathway.
AB  - Induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by a topical application of
      12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promoter, was inhibited by
      treatment of mouse skin with phenidone (3-90 mumol/mouse), nordihydroguaiaretic
      acid (30 mumol/mouse) or 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW
      755C, 30 mumol/mouse), which are well-known lipoxygenase inhibitors. Phenidone
      and BW 755C are also to be cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Inhibition of TPA-induced
      ODC by indomethacin (1.12 mumol/mouse), a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, was
      counteracted by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (140 nmol/mouse). This counteracting
      effect of PGE2 was reversed by the treatment of mice with nordihydroguaiaretic
      acid (30 mumol/mouse) or phenidone (30 mumol/mouse). ODC activity which was
      suppressed by nordihydroguaiaretic acid or phenidone at a dose of 180 mumol/mouse
      was not further inhibited by indomethacin (1.12 mumol/mouse). In addition, the
      counteracting action of PGE2 (140 nmol/mouse) was not observed in mice treated
      with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or phenidone at a dose of 180 mumol/mouse. Thus,
      the suppressive effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid or phenidone on the ODC
      induction by TPA would be due to the inhibition of lipoxygenase. The above
      findings strongly suggest that not only cyclooxygenase product (i.e., PGE2) but
      also lipoxygenase product(s) are involved in the mechanism of ODC induction in
      mouse epidermis, and a lack of either cyclooxygenase product or lipoxygenase
      product(s) causes a failure of ODC induction by TPA.

PMID- 6817942
TI  - Dietary vitamin E intake and mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - Using the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor model, the present
      study demonstrated that a low vitamin E intake (7.5 mg/kg of diet) had minimal
      effect on carcinoma development in rats fed a 5% stripped corn oil diet, but
      resulted in a marked enhancement in tumor incidence and yield in those rats fed a
      25% stripped corn oil ration. Control animals in this experiment received an
      adequate supply of vitamin E (30 mg/kg as DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate). Thus, the
      effect of vitamin E deficiency on mammary carcinogenesis was accentuated in rats
      maintained on a high polyunsaturated fat diet, an observation similar to that of
      selenium deficiency which was reported by the author in a previous publication.
      In view of the biochemical interaction between vitamin E and selenium as
      endogenous antioxidants, another experiment was conducted to determine whether
      supranutritional supplementation of vitamin E (1000 mg/kg) was able to block the
      enhancement in mammary tumorigenesis due to selenium deprivation. Results of this
      experiment indicated that vitamin E excess failed to overcome the augmented tumor
      yield in selenium-deficient rats, nor did it provide any protection in rats that
      received an adequate supply of selenium. In summary, vitamin E deficiency may
      increase the risk of neoplastic development, especially when coupled with a high
      polyunsaturated fat intake; however, a high vitamin E supplementation does not
      seem to have any prophylactic effect on tumorigenesis by itself.

PMID- 6817943
TI  - Bronchial obstructive reactions after inhalation with endotoxin and
      precipitinogens of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic non-specific
      lung disease.
AB  - Bronchial obstructive reactions occur after inhalation of Haemophilus influenzae
      in the absence of proteolytic activity in patients with CNLSD and a lowered
      histamine threshold in whom specific precipitins are demonstrated. It may be
      presumed, that the direct bronchial reaction is caused by its content of
      endotoxin, whereas the late bronchial reaction is the result of a toxic action
      and a type III allergic reaction. When proteolytic activity is present it lowers
      the histamine threshold and may influence the endotoxin effect in this way.

PMID- 6817944
TI  - The effect of sodium cromoglycate delivered by Spinhaler and by pressurized
      aerosol on exercise-induced asthma in children.
AB  - Sixteen children completed a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study
      comparing the efficacy of pre-treatment with (1) 20 mg sodium cromoglycate (SCG)
      powder delivered by Spinhaler, (2) 2 mg SCG delivered by pressurized aerosol and
      (3) placebo. The drug was administered 15 min before the 6 min of treadmill
      running performed at the same time of day on 3 consecutive days in a climate
      chamber with a temperature of 23 degrees C and a relative humidity of 40%. All
      the patients, none of whom were taking systemic steroids, had shown a post
      exercise fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) of more than 15% from baseline when
      tested one day prior to the study. On the day with no pre-treatment the average
      post-exercise fall in PEF was 46% (+/- 4) (mean +/- s.e. mean). After pre
      treatment with SCG powder the average fall in PEF was 21% (+/- 3), after pre
      treatment with SCG aerosol the fall was 22% (+/- 3) and after placebo a post
      exercise fall of 31% (+/- 5) was seen. Both forms of SCG were significantly
      better than pre-treatment with placebo. Comparing no pre-treatment with pre
      treatment with placebo revealed a statistically significant difference (P less
      than 0 . 001) indicating a placebo effect. It is concluded that this study design
      has a marked placebo effect. Both pre-treatment with 2 mg SCG delivered by
      pressurized aerosol and 20 mg delivered by Spinhaler is superior to placebo in
      conferring protection against exercise-induced asthma (EIA). No bronchodilating
      effect was seen in the first 15 min after administration of the drug.

PMID- 6817945
TI  - The measurement of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I by the enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - A method is described for the assay of human erythrocyte (RBC) carbonic anhydrase
      I (HCAI) by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The method was found to be a
      simple, reliable and precise technique and gave a mean C.V. for 40 samples,
      assayed in quadruplicate, of 3.32% and a range of 0.84-5.9. The mean erythrocyte
      HCAI value and standard deviation for 20 normal men and women were respectively
      16.9 +/- 3.4 and 15.4 +/- 2.1 mg HCAI/g haemoglobin. The use of heparin as an
      anticoagulant interfered with the assay resulting in apparent HCAI concentrations
      as low as 60% of those obtained using EDTA.

PMID- 6817946
TI  - Dermatan sulphate in urine reflects the extent of skin affection in psoriasis.
AB  - The investigation included 15 psoriatic patients and 14 healthy controls. By
      using a simple method based on susceptibility to chondroitinases the excretion of
      dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-4/6-sulphate and heparan sulphate in the
      psoriatics was found to be increased with 104, 62 and 47% from uronic acid mean
      excretions of 1.97, 6.37 and 5.10 mumol/24 h, respectively. The excretion of
      hydroxyproline was not increased. In both groups the excretion of hyaluronic acid
      was insignificant. The absolute increase in the excretion of a major skin
      component like dermatan sulphate was exceeded by the excretion of chondroitin-4/6
      sulphate and heparan sulphate which are both small components of skin. This
      indicates a comparatively high turnover of those two fractions in psoriatic
      lesions. The fact, that only the excretion of dermatan sulphate correlated with
      the fraction of skin surface involved in the psoriatic disease, indicated an
      important origin of this fraction, as well as the possibility of dermatan
      sulphate as a means of following dermal metabolism.

PMID- 6817947
TI  - Microheterogeneity of human serum transferrins: a consequence for immunochemical
      determinations?

PMID- 6817948
TI  - Measurement of arginine transport in human erythrocytes using their intrinsic
      arginase activity: implications for the treatment of familial hyperargininemia.
AB  - A procedure making use of the intracellular arginase activity has been developed
      for measuring the transport of arginine across the human erythrocyte membrane.
      (1) The arginine translocation is carrier mediated with simple Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics, showing one high affinity, low capacity transport system characterized
      by a half saturation constant KT of 0.177 +/- 0.036 mmol/1, and a maximum
      velocity VT of 0.332 +/- 0.068 mumol X h-1 X ml-1 cells. (2) Competition
      experiments with lysine, ornithine and leucine indicated that the arginine
      transport system in specific for dibasic amino acids. (3) The value calculated
      for the intracellular arginine concentration agreed well with the values obtained
      by independent methods. (4) The low arginine transport rate of human erythrocytes
      can explain the failure to lower the hyperargininemia in familial
      hyperargininemia by blood transfusion with normal arginase-containing
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6817949
TI  - A sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human thyroid
      stimulating hormone.

PMID- 6817951
TI  - [Serum TBG concentrations in cancer patients].

PMID- 6817950
TI  - Improved determination of serum calcium with 2-cresolphthalein complexone.

PMID- 6817952
TI  - [Experimental evaluation and clinical application of a TBG assay kit by a double
      antibody method].

PMID- 6817953
TI  - [TBG measurement by radioimmunoassay and its clinical application].

PMID- 6817954
TI  - Natural killer cells and interferon responses in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied in 23 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). The overall NK activity was lower in patients with SLE than
      in normal female individuals. Patients with clinically active SLE disease had
      slightly lower NK activity than the patients with inactive disease. Other
      clinical parameters as well as treatment status did not correlate with NK
      activity. Interferon (IFN) enhanced the NK activity of normal individuals and of
      11 SLE patients, while it did not enhance in the remaining 12 patients. The
      patients whose NK activity was enhanced by beta-IFN had significantly higher
      initial activity than those who did not respond to beta-IFN. Furthermore,
      peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) from IFN responders produced gamma-IFN after
      stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) in titres comparable to those of normals.
      In contrast, peripheral MNC from beta-IFN non-responders failed to produce
      significant titres of gamma-IFN after stimulation with Con A. These results
      indicate that certain patients with SLE have low NK activity, which is generally
      paralleled by an inability to respond to exogenous beta-IFN and by blunted
      production of gamma-IFN after stimulation with Con A.

PMID- 6817955
TI  - Genetic control of resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection in high and low
      antibody responder mice.
AB  - Mice selected by Biozzi for high and low responses to sheep erythrocytes were
      investigated for resistance to subcutaneous Salmonella typhimurium infection. The
      resistance was measured by LD50 values, viable bacterial counts in liver and
      spleen at 10 days, and the kinetics of infection over 4 weeks. High responder
      mice were susceptible to S. typhimurium injected subcutaneously (LD50 less than
      10) and low line resistant (LD50 3 x 10(6)). Control of natural resistance to S.
      typhimurium in inbred mice is primarily by a single gene. Ity, on chromosome 1.
      Results with hybrid generations of Biozzi mice with either BALB/c (sensitive) or
      CBA (resistant) inbred mice indicated additional genetic control of resistance in
      Biozzi mice. Analysis of resistance data of backcrosses of (high x low)F1 with
      either parental strain showed this genetic control to be at least one other gene
      in the Biozzi mice, not linked to Ity. The antibody responses in the hybrid
      generations and inbred and Biozzi parental strains were tested by
      haemagglutination assays and ELISA. After specific stimulation of the mice there
      was an inverse relationship between resistance to S. typhimurium and antibody
      levels.

PMID- 6817956
TI  - Defective immune interferon production and natural killer activity associated
      with poor neutrophil mobility and delayed umbilical cord separation.
AB  - Two infants with recurrent infections and a history of delay in separation of the
      umbilical cord (1 month and 17 days) had severely impaired neutrophil mobility.
      In addition very poor natural killer cell (NK) activity of blood lymphocytes
      against a leukaemia cell line (Molt 4F) was found. Incubation of lymphocytes with
      lymphoblastoid interferon increased NK activity in the one case tested. No immune
      (gamma) interferon production was detected in Raji cell and phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA) stimulated cultures from the other case. Apart from an abnormal dose
      response curve in thymidine uptake after PHA stimulation of blood lymphocytes, no
      other abnormalities were found in a range of immunological tests. Ascorbic acid
      improved neutrophil mobility but had no effect, on NK activity. Both children
      have subsequently died from septicaemic illnesses.

PMID- 6817958
TI  - [Experimental treatment of hyperammonemia with an oral combination of B. bifidum
      and L. acidophilus].

PMID- 6817957
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on basal and carbon dioxide stimulated cerebral blood
      flow in man.
AB  - The effect of cigarette smoking on the basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and on the
      cerebral hyperemia induced by CO2 breathing was investigated in healthy human
      volunteers. CBF was measured with the N2O-wash-in technique in the basal state
      and during inhalation of 5% CO2, before and after smoking of two commercial
      filter tipped cigarettes. In parallel the (arterial-jugular venous) difference in
      O2 content, arterial and jugular venous pCO2, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate
      and systemic blood pressure were followed. During smoking there was a 10-15 mmHg
      increase in systemic blood pressure and a parallel elevation of heart rate (+ 20
      beats/min). Cerebral blood flow increased by about 25%, and cerebral vascular
      resistance fell about 15%. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was
      elevated by about 30% above control. Inhalation of 5% CO2 by itself markedly
      increased CBF and decreased cerebral vascular resistance, while leaving CMRO2
      unaffected. Cigarette smoking did not significantly change either of these
      effects of CO2 breathing. From these data it is concluded that cigarette smoking
      elevates systemic blood pressure and decreases cerebral vascular resistance, and
      thereby augments basal CBF. This flow-promoting effect of smoking is probably due
      to an increased cerebral consumption of oxygen. Furthermore, the data demonstrate
      that smoking does not interfere with the cerebral vascular response to increased
      arterial pCO2.

PMID- 6817959
TI  - [The use of lithium carbonate in mastectomized patients undergoing cancer
      therapy].

PMID- 6817960
TI  - Case report of a termination of pregnancy in a severely subnormal epileptic and
      the problems which arose.

PMID- 6817961
TI  - Distribution of two alleles of erythrocytic nucleoside phosphorylase in different
      indigenous and imported Moroccan cattle populations.

PMID- 6817963
TI  - Comparative rates of metabolism of pipecolic acid in several animal species.
AB  - 1. The rate of metabolism of pipecolic acid, measured in liver and kidney, varied
      1000 fold among 10 animal species. Degradation of L-pipecolic acid by kidney in
      rat and mouse was 0.11 and 0.31 pmoles/min/mg protein, respectively; in monkey
      and human. 3.0 and 6.5; in guinea-pig and rabbit 101 and 106. 2. Activity with D
      pipecolic acid was consistently 50-60% higher than the L-isomer except in the
      rabbit. 3. Degradation of L-lysine presumably through the saccharopine-alpha
      aminoadipic acid pathway, was effective in all species, contrasting with the
      variable performance in the pipecolic acid-alpha-aminoadipic acid pathway.

PMID- 6817962
TI  - Bile pigment composition and hepatic UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in the
      fetal and adult dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias.

PMID- 6817964
TI  - Distribution of heparin and other sulfated glycosaminoglycans in vertebrates.
AB  - 1. A comparative study on the distribution of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in
      several tissues of six specimens of different vertebrate classes is reported. 2.
      Each tissue has a characteristic composition differing from each other regarding
      the relative amount, type and molecular size of chondroitin 4.6-sulfate, dermatan
      sulfate and heparan sulfate. 3. The same tissue from different vertebrates has,
      in general, the same types of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, but with different
      molecular weights. 4. Exception to this rule was observed for the distribution of
      heparin which was present only in a few tissues of the 6 vertebrates studied. 5.
      The possible involvement of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cell recognition
      and/or adhesiveness is discussed in view of this characteristic distribution.

PMID- 6817965
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine, glucose uptake, glycogen utilization and carbon dioxide
      fixation in Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda).
AB  - 1. In vitro glucose uptake and glycogen utilization by Hymenolepis microstoma
      decreased under high oxygen concentrations. 2. 5-Hydroxytryptamine did not
      stimulate in vitro glucose uptake but did increase glycogen utilizations by H.
      microstoma. 3. The reduced glucose uptake under high oxygen concentrations (21
      and 95%) resulted in a reduction in excretory products. 4. 14CO2-incorporation
      studies confirmed that, under both 95% O2:5% CO2 and air-minus-CO2 (identical to
      21% O2). CO2-fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) was
      inhibited. 5. The specific activity of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1),
      phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) was not
      stimulated by 5-HT. 6. The concentration of ATP required for optimal stimulation
      of phosphofructokinase activity was 0.67 mM. Activity was further significantly
      increased by the addition of cAMP and even greater by AMP.

PMID- 6817966
TI  - Zinc and carbonic anhydrase III distribution in mammalian muscle.
AB  - Zinc and carbonic anhydrase III measurement in human and rat muscle extracts
      indicate that: 1. About one fifth of zinc in human soleus is associated with
      carbonic anhydrase III isozyme, and even higher levels of zinc and carbonic
      anhydrase III are found in rat soleus, where about one half of the zinc is in
      carbonic anhydrase III. Other muscle was also analysed in a similar way, (see
      text). Heart is notable in containing lower levels of zinc but negligible
      carbonic anhydrase III. 2. Treatment of muscle with water or phosphate solutions
      showed that all the carbonic anhydrase III was water extractable, whereas
      significant zinc remained bound, but was partially extractable by phosphate
      solutions. 3. Dialysis of muscle extracts showed that whilst some zinc was
      dialysable, there was no significant contribution from the carbonic anhydrase III
      in the dialysed extract. EDTA enhanced the release of dialysable zinc from muscle
      extract. These findings are discussed in relation to muscle disease.

PMID- 6817967
TI  - An investigation of the allosteric functioning of the haemoglobin of the cane
      toad, Bufo marinus.
AB  - 1. Cane toad haemoglobin shows co-operative equilibrium CO binding at pH 7.0 with
      n = 2.6. 2. Flash photolysis studies show that at high pH the R form of the
      protein is stabilised whilst low pH and the presence of IHP favours the T form.
      3. The combination of stopped-flow and flash photolysis measurements allows
      estimation of the association and dissociation rates of CO binding for the two
      forms of the protein. 4. The protein functioning can be described by a modified
      two state model and mathematical modelling allows the estimation of the
      allosteric equilibrium constant for this haemoglobin.

PMID- 6817968
TI  - Carotenoids as food colorants.
AB  - The carotenoids are a chemically related group of pigments which occur widely and
      abundantly in nature. Fruits, vegetables and vegetable oils, dairy products,
      leaves, shrimp, lobster, the plumage of exotic birds, all contain carotenoids.
      Chemically, the carotenoids may be divided into carotenes, made up of carbon and
      hydrogen only, and oxycarotenoids containing oxygen in addition to carbon and
      hydrogen. The use of carotenoid-containing plant extracts for coloring foods has
      been practiced for centuries and continues today. Advances in chemical synthesis
      resulted in the complete laboratory synthesis of beta carotene in 1950. Since
      then the commercial synthesis of several carotenoids has been accomplished. In
      the U.S. three of these commercially synthesized carotenoids, beta-carotene, beta
      apo-8'-carotenal, and canthaxanthin, are accepted color additives for use in
      foods and are exempt from certification. These three carotenoids are also widely
      accepted for food use in other countries. This paper deals with the chemistry and
      synthesis of these three carotenoids, with special emphasis on their numerous
      commercially available market forms and their characteristics, and on the
      application of these carotenoids in the coloring of food products.

PMID- 6817969
TI  - Nitroglycerin ointment: application and use.

PMID- 6817970
TI  - Nursing care plan for patient receiving total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6817971
TI  - Fibrinogen concentration in the aqueous humor of buphthalmic rabbits.
AB  - Fibrinogen concentration in the aqueous humor of buphthalmic rabbits, AXBU/J, and
      those of the normal parent strain AX/J are 0.36 +/- 0.14 and 0.08 +/- 0.01 mg/ml,
      respectively. There was no detectable fibrinogen in the aqueous humor of normal
      inbred strain III/J rabbits. Among the buphthalmic rabbits, elevated fibrinogen
      concentration in the aqueous humor was observed in two month old prodromal
      rabbits, indicating a small leakage of fibrinogen into the anterior chamber
      before the development of buphthalmia. Protein concentration in the aqueous humor
      was close to normal, in spite of an elevated level of fibrinogen in the young
      buphthalmic rabbits. Severe protein leakage was seen in only some of the old
      buphthalmic rabbits.

PMID- 6817972
TI  - Ceftazidime in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with urinary tract infection were treated with ceftazidime
      intramuscularly, at a dosage of 1000 mg twice daily for 7 days. The patient
      series was predominantly geriatric, with a mean age of 70.9 years and including
      17 patients over 75 years. Nine had an in-dwelling catheter and azotaemia was
      found in 14 cases. In this clinically difficult group, a positive bacteriological
      response to treatment was obtained in 72.9% and, if patients with in-dwelling
      catheters are excluded, 90% were cured. Ceftazidime-resistant Streptococcus
      faecalis was cultured before treatment in 6 of the 8 unsuccessful cases. In the
      remaining 2 treatment failures, Streptococcus faecalis was isolated immediately
      after treatment. In terms of clinical response to therapy all patients were cured
      or improved. Treatment with ceftazidime was well tolerated. No subjective side
      effects occurred. One patient developed a distinct but transient elevation of
      liver enzymes, and in 2 cases a negative direct Coombs test was temporarily
      positive.

PMID- 6817973
TI  - Replantation of distally amputated finger segment.

PMID- 6817974
TI  - Early surgery in severe electrical burns involving upper limbs.

PMID- 6817975
TI  - Light microscopic and electron microscopic observation on experimental fracture
      healing.

PMID- 6817976
TI  - Reconstruction of finger flexion function with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free
      flap and microneurovascular surgery.

PMID- 6817977
TI  - Alteration of blood dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients with
      intrahepatic portal hypertension.

PMID- 6817978
TI  - Cerebral palsy in neonates.

PMID- 6817980
TI  - Amniotic epithelium in toxemia of pregnancy. Light and electron microscopic
      examination.

PMID- 6817981
TI  - Epidemiologic investigation of nasopharyngeal cancer in migrants.

PMID- 6817979
TI  - Preliminary clinical application of stereo televised X-ray.

PMID- 6817982
TI  - Adhesion-precipitation technic for Schistosome cercariae recovery from natural
      waters.

PMID- 6817983
TI  - Skin changes of 2,100 year old Changsha female corpse.

PMID- 6817984
TI  - Assessment of gestational age.

PMID- 6817986
TI  - Bone marrow involvement and leukemia in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
      Analysis of 58 cases.

PMID- 6817985
TI  - Clinical experience in 50 cases of cardiac myxomas.

PMID- 6817987
TI  - 131I and 132I carcinogenic effects in rat thyroid glands.

PMID- 6817988
TI  - Micro-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of kala-azar.

PMID- 6817989
TI  - Filariasis survey by membrane filtration technic after mass DEC administration.

PMID- 6817990
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum cultivation in vitro with fresh rabbit serum.

PMID- 6817991
TI  - Plasma amino acid patterns of 42 normal Chinese.

PMID- 6817992
TI  - Preliminary study of blood gas analysis in cough and asthma diagnosis.

PMID- 6817993
TI  - Roentgenologic study of 41 cases of Wilson's disease.

PMID- 6817994
TI  - Shy-Drager syndrome.

PMID- 6817995
TI  - Karyotype analysis in 2,079 consecutive liveborn infants.

PMID- 6817997
TI  - Clinical observation of amniotic fluid creatinine as an index of fetal maturity.

PMID- 6817996
TI  - High-iodide endemic goiter.

PMID- 6817998
TI  - Amniotic fluid fetal blood group prediction and use in newborn hemolytic
      diseases.

PMID- 6817999
TI  - [The CO2 laser and intraoral surgical practices. Presentation of clinical cases].

PMID- 6818000
TI  - [Changes in the plasma factor VIII related antigen level during pregnancy].

PMID- 6818001
TI  - [Treatment of chronic uremic patients with intravenous supply of essential amino
      acids].

PMID- 6818002
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of hydatid disease: an indirect hemagglutination test].

PMID- 6818003
TI  - [Some diagnostic problems in hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6818004
TI  - [Dangers and errors in biliary tract surgery].

PMID- 6818005
TI  - Metabolic studies in postmyocardial infarction patients.
AB  - One hundred and seven patients registered in the secondary preventive programme
      in Prague 4 were followed up for an average period of 3 years. The endpoints of
      the study were taken as criteria of the progression of clinical atherosclerosis
      (non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death). The authors tried to
      detect the causes responsible for the high prevalence of impaired glucose
      tolerance, diabetes and hyperlipoproteinaemia. They analyzed the
      interrelationships of food intake, insulin secretion, serum fatty acids and
      lipoprotein phenotypes. There were 6% of non-fatal myocardial reinfarctions and
      13% of cardiovascular death after 3 years. Multiple regression analysis
      identified the following 3 factors closely associated with cardiovascular death:
      1) history of myocardial infarction 2) low proportion of linoleic acid in total
      lipids 3) hyperlipoproteinaemia. The authors show that analysis of the
      relationships of triglycerides, insulin and serum fatty acids could be of value
      for identifying the factors involved in a faster progression of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6818006
TI  - Initial vascular changes and their pharmacological management in atherosclerosis
      induced by immunological injury and hyperlipidaemia.
AB  - The authors studied the pathophysiological mechanisms the early stages of
      atherosclerosis induced by immunization in combination with short-term intake of
      dietary cholesterol. The mechanisms involved in the development of lesions
      comprised impaired endothelial integrity, increased permeability and transmural
      protein transport in the aorta. The changes were induced by the combined synergic
      action of immunization and cholesterol diet. Further, their study showed that
      progression of the thus induced atherosclerotic lesions can be inhibited by
      histamine and serotonin antagonists. The fact that the latter decreased the
      extent of endothelial injury, permeability and cholesterol accumulation in the
      aorta without changing the level of cholesterolaemia indicate that drugs are
      capable of controlling the pathophysiological processes in the artery
      participating in atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 6818007
TI  - The characteristics of body build in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 6818008
TI  - Causes for rifampicin toxicity--experimental study.
AB  - A 12-day-experimental study of rifampicin (RMP) on male rats followed both the
      biochemical indices signalling disorder of metabolic equilibrium in the organism,
      and distribution of RMP in the tissues. The study showed the RMP concentration to
      be manifold higher in the liver than in the blood and other organs; in epididymal
      fat the concentration in one half of that in the blood. RMP adversely affects the
      energy metabolism, i.e. intake and resorption of nutrients, especially
      metabolically and calorically important lipids and sugars. RMP is harmful also
      for liver parenchyma.

PMID- 6818009
TI  - The protection of mental health against marginal mental stress.

PMID- 6818010
TI  - Processes influencing psychiatrical morbidity and invalidity.

PMID- 6818011
TI  - The determination of manganese in urine.
AB  - A simple and quite sensitive methods of manganese determination in urine is
      proposed. The manganese level as well as the fluoride level are directly
      proportional to the level of these substances in plasma and it doesn't depend
      substantially on the diuresis. In not exposed population the manganese level of
      24 +/- 4 nmol.l-1 (mean +/- +/- 2 SEM) was found, in population exposed to the
      manganese containing aerosole as much as 3500 nmol.l-1 without any signs of
      health damage. The level of 400 nmol.l-1 is suggested to be a safe biological
      limit. During the shift, the manganese level in urine evidently raises. The
      simultaneous inhalation of manganese and fluoride results in their interaction.

PMID- 6818012
TI  - Induced basal normoglycemia and altered platelet aggregation in non-insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects had abnormally raised in vitro platelet
      aggregation rates to collagen or ristocetin when thought to be "well-controlled"
      on diet alone but shown to have raised basal plasma glucose levels. Basal
      normoglycemia, induced with either ultralente insulin or chlorpropamide, was
      associated with a significant reduction of the enhanced platelet aggregation
      rates to normal. Some sulfonylurea drugs have been reported to have specific anti
      platelet aggregatory properties, but the degree of plasma glucose control is
      probably more relevant.

PMID- 6818013
TI  - [Membrane proteins of Micrococcus lysodeikticus protoplasts contacting the
      environment (a new approach to studying membrane asymmetry)].

PMID- 6818014
TI  - [Periodic application of topical corticosteroids. Practicability and therapeutic
      value in daily practice].
AB  - Therapeutic efficacy and practicability of an interval treatment were
      investigated in a multi-center study in a total of 1573 patients with psoriasis
      or eczema, respectively. Fluocortolone monohydrate as Syracort and Syracerin as
      steroid-free "partner drug" were applied at 4-/3-day intervals. The findings and
      established results substantiate equivalent therapeutic success in comparison
      with consistent treatment. Starting from the premise that the risk of
      steroidinduced skin lesions can be reduced, if not avoided, by interval
      application of topical corticosteroids one may consider steroid application at
      intervals as superior to consistent therapy.

PMID- 6818016
TI  - [Effect of denture adhesives on the growth of oral cavity microorganisms (in
      vitro trials)].

PMID- 6818015
TI  - Drug interactions with valproic acid.
AB  - Valproic acid undergoes drug-drug interactions with most of the commonly used
      anticonvulsants. Since it possesses a wide range of indications, concomitant use
      with other anticonvulsants, and hence interactions, are not infrequent. Many of
      these interactions are reciprocal and may have important therapeutic
      consequences. Valproate acts as a protein binding displacer and/or metabolic
      inhibitor with respect to a number of other anticonvulsants (phenobarbitone,
      primidone, phenytoin). Inhibition of metabolism would, in most instances, result
      in a decrease of the dose requirements of the affected drugs. Valproate is a low
      clearance drug primarily eliminated by metabolism. Its metabolism is highly
      inducible by some of the major anticonvulsants (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin).
      Valproate is also highly protein bound in plasma and thus is displaced by
      salicylates and free fatty acids. However, displacement alone, unlike induced
      metabolism, should not affect the drug's dose-response relationship.

PMID- 6818018
TI  - [Night sleep studies: mobile recording in comparison to conventional laboratory
      recording].
AB  - Night sleep registrations were made in a group of 11 persons in a laboratory
      using both traditional polygraphic methods and a portable home recording system.
      A significantly higher value in the evaluation of the sleep efficiency index
      (quotient of total sleep time and total time in bed) was found with the mobile
      recording system. Apart from these findings the latency to the beginning of the
      particular sleep stages (classification of Dement and Kleitman) were diminished.
      Furthermore there was found a significant decrease of stage 1 in favour of the
      REM-sleep. Regarding the relation between the REM and the NREM-time, a distinct
      difference could also be shown. As to the subjective sensitivity, 10 of the 11
      tested persons preferred the mobile recording system.

PMID- 6818017
TI  - [All-night polygraph in patients with painful diseases].

PMID- 6818019
TI  - [EEG night sleep recording: evaluation with automatic data analysis].
AB  - Sleep investigations were made in a laboratory using both traditional polygraphic
      methods and a portable home recording system (Medilog-Recorder 4-24). The
      evaluation was done by an automatic analysis. For the division into the
      particular sleep stages (classification of Dement and Kleitman) at least the
      diversions of 2 EEG and 1 EOG-channel were found to be necessary. As a further
      parameter the measurement of the pulse frequency was used. After the
      determination of the frequency-spectrum by the Fast Fourier Transformation a
      power spectrum was made in order to register the changes of voltages (in periods
      of 30 seconds) with a sample rate of 128 and a frequency resolution of 0.5 Hz. To
      evaluate the EOG, a band pass filter was used and after the determination of a
      level of 15 microV only activities over this value were regarded. Furthermore an
      automatic artifact detection was fit into the program. The activities of the EEG,
      the EOG and the pulse frequency were compared with the normal values of the
      stages and, after that, the particular sleep phases were determined.

PMID- 6818021
TI  - [The German EEG Society. 27th annual meeting, Freiburg, 30 September-2 October
      1982. Abstracts].

PMID- 6818020
TI  - [Electroencephalographic changes induced by baclofen].
AB  - Electroencephalographic and clinical effects of baclofen were investigated in 46
      neurological patients and 7 healthy volunteers. 27 cases showed an increase of
      slow EEG activity. Patients with spinal disease, brain-stem disease, disturbed
      vibratory sensation and also with renal insufficiency showed pronounced EEG
      slowing. Baclofen depresses the activity in primary afferents and
      reticulocortical afferents. These effects can lead to EEG slowing. One patient
      developed a reversible organic brain syndrome and myoclonias with marked EEG
      slowing and bilateral synchronous sharp and slow waves. This was interpreted as
      an epileptic stupor induced by Baclofen. The patient had renal insufficiency and
      accumulated Baclofen. Both conditions may have contributed to the epileptic
      manifestation.

PMID- 6818022
TI  - Differences in the pregnancy-terminating effectiveness of an LH-RH analogue by
      subcutaneous, vaginal, rectal, and nasal routes in rats.
AB  - A long-acting analogue of LH-RH, des-Gly10-[D-Leu6]-LH-RH-ethylamide (TAP-144),
      was administered once or twice on day 9 of pregnancy by subcutaneous, vaginal,
      rectal, and nasal routes to rats; the pregnancy-terminating effectiveness of
      these routes was determined on day 14. When rats were given a single dose of TAP
      144, the ED50 value was 1.2 micrograms/100 g body weight by the vaginal route,
      the effectiveness being 752 and 1,221 times higher than those by the subcutaneous
      and rectal routes, respectively. Nasal administration was not effective in
      terminating pregnancy even at a high dose of 2,000 micrograms/100 g body weight.
      The addition of a surfactant (BL-9) did not increase the effectiveness by the
      rectal route. When TAP-144 was administered twice a day, the effectiveness was
      markedly increased by every route. The ED50 values were 0.32 microgram/100 g body
      weight/time by the subcutaneous route, which was comparable to that of the
      vaginal route, 14.2 micrograms of the rectal route, and 84.6 micrograms of the
      nasal route. The addition of the surfactant increased the effectiveness 26 times
      by the nasal route but not by the rectal route. The pregnancy-terminating effect
      of TAP-144 was reversed by treatment with progesterone.

PMID- 6818023
TI  - Characterization of galactosyltransferase released from human hepatoma cells.
AB  - A human hepatoma cell line (SK-H-MA) released a large amount of sialyltransferase
      (ST) and galactosyltransferase (GT) into the culture medium, whereas cells
      derived from normal human liver (Chang) released a large amount of GT but very
      little ST. The characteristics of hepatoma GT were studied since an abnormal GT
      isoenzyme has been associated with human gastrointestinal neoplasms. Both
      hepatoma and Chang medium GT activities had an absolute requirement for MnCl2 (25
      mmol/l) and a broad optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0, and were not affected by 0.1%
      Triton X-100. These two enzyme preparations were inhibited to the same extent by
      N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine, while N-acetylglucosamine was 100
      times more potent than N-acetylgalactosamine. Various nucleotides inhibited both
      enzyme activities equally well. Uracil-containing nucleotides were better
      inhibitors than thymine-containing nucleotides, and other nucleotides were only
      slightly inhibitory. The most effective inhibitor was UDP. More of the GT
      activity in hepatoma medium (65%) as compared to Chang medium (35%) bound to
      concanavalin A-Sepharose, and was eluted with 2.5% alpha-methylmannoside. These
      results suggest that the GTs from hepatoma and Chang media are not different in
      their enzymatic activity but may differ in their carbohydrate contents, which may
      be another manifestation of the neoplastic nature of the hepatoma cell line.

PMID- 6818024
TI  - Effect of sex hormones on the activities of hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzymes
      in male rats.
AB  - In mature male rats both estradiol administration as well as castration had a
      striking suppressive effect on the hepatic activity of the microsomal ethanol
      oxidizing system, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased under
      these experimental conditions. The castration effects on the activities of the
      alcohol-metabolizing enzymes could be completely prevented by the administration
      of testosterone. Therefore, these results indicate the sex-dependent nature of
      the hepatic microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system and alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6818025
TI  - Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities in protein energy
      malnutrition.
AB  - The activities of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were measured in
      protein energy malnutrition (PEM). These enzyme activities were both increased in
      PEM and fell as recovery was established. There was a marked reduction in the
      serum albumin level, and an inverse relationship was observed between the serum
      albumin levels and the enzyme activities. The relationship is discussed in the
      light of the hepatocellular damage of PEM. The assay of these enzyme activities
      along with estimation of serum albumin in PEM will prove very useful in the
      diagnosis of the liver damage that may occur in PEM before clinical
      manifestations are established.

PMID- 6818026
TI  - Benzylamine oxidase activity in rat embryo and placenta at organogenesis.
AB  - Benzylamine oxidase, characterized by its sensitivity to semi-carbazide (1 X 10(
      2) mol/l) inhibition and its insensitivity to deprenyl (4 X 10(-4) mol/l)
      inhibition, is present in rat placenta during days 10-15 of the gestation period
      and in the embryo at days 11-15. The activity represents a substantial part of
      the overall activity observed with p-chlorobenzylamine as substrate. A much
      higher activity is present in the placenta than in the embryo.

PMID- 6818027
TI  - Dissociation of apolipoprotein AI from apoprotein-lipid complexes and from high
      density lipoproteins. A fluorescence study.
AB  - The dissociation of the apoprotein AI (apoAI) from the apoAI
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine complex and from human high-density lipoproteins
      (HDL), was induced by incubation with guanidinium hydrochloride at concentrations
      between 0 M and 7 M. The kinetics and extent of denaturation were followed by
      monitoring both the fluidity of the lipid phase by fluorescence polarization
      measurements and the protein conformation by measuring the tryptophanyl
      fluorescence emission. The association with lipids protects apoAI against
      denaturation both in HDL and in the apoAI-phospholipid complex. The results of
      the kinetic and end-point measurements suggest that the denaturing effect of
      guanidine hydrochloride on the apoAI-lipid complex and on HDL is a two-step
      process. It involves the dissociation of the apoAI-phospholipid bond, as
      evidenced by fluidity measurements: this effect is maximal between 3 M and 4 M
      guanidine hydrochloride. The conformational change of the apoAI protein into a
      randomly coiled structure with the tryptophanyl residues exposed to the solvent
      is maximal between 4 M and 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. HDL and the apoAI
      phospholipid complex have a closely similar behaviour towards denaturation by
      guanidine hydrochloride indicating that the phospholipid-apoAI association in HDL
      is primarily responsible for the stability of the lipoprotein molecule.

PMID- 6818028
TI  - Sulfated proteoglycans produced by human lung fibroblasts during in vitro
      cellular aging.

PMID- 6818029
TI  - The structure of the cytoplasmic matrix preserved by freeze-drying and freeze
      substitution.
AB  - This paper reports a study of the cytoplasmic matrix in whole cultured cells
      examined by high voltage electron microscopy. In order to acquaint ourselves with
      the influence of preparation procedures on the morphology depicted, PtK2 cells
      were prepared for examination by first freezing in propane at -185 degrees C and
      then drying while maintained at -95 degrees C. Other cells of the same type were
      first fixed with glutaraldehyde and OsO4 and then frozen dried. Others were
      prepared by freeze-substitution and eventually dried by the critical-point method
      from CO2. And finally, some were preserved by conventional techniques of
      glutaraldehyde and OsO4 followed by dehydration in alcohol and critical-point
      drying. The observations are presented in stereo images. The morphologies after
      these various procedures are quite similar. All show the characteristic three
      dimensional lattice or meshwork of slender filaments called microtrabeculae. In
      cells rapidly frozen and then dried from the frozen state, there is less evidence
      of shrinkage and probable change in the trabecular structure than in cells first
      fixed with glutaraldehyde and then frozen dried. The differences we relate to the
      demonstrable failure of glutaraldehyde to penetrate the cell quickly and fix
      instantly any component that is in active motion. Other differences that can be
      observed between all four types of preparation are not recognizably striking and
      are thought to reflect as much as anything morphological diversity in the
      original cells. In some instances, the amorphous ice of the initial freezing at 
      185 degrees C was allowed to crystallize at -80 degrees C. The small crystals
      that form push aside the microtrabeculae and leave obvious imprints on the
      structure. The essential message from these experiments is that the cytomatrix is
      structured.

PMID- 6818031
TI  - Medical education, training, practice and research in Europe.

PMID- 6818030
TI  - The biochemistry of inflammation: rheumatoid arthritis and anti-inflammatory
      drugs.

PMID- 6818032
TI  - The effect of respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes on ionized calcium
      concentration: in vivo and in vitro experiments in man and rat.
AB  - Correlation of ionized calcium concentration, [Ca2+] and blood pH has long been
      recognized. So far no distinction of the acid-base changes, i.e. respiratory
      changes or metabolic changes seemed necessary. The present study, with the use of
      a recently developed system for in vivo analysis of [Ca2+], and with in vitro
      experiments reinvestigates this question. In a first series respiratory and
      metabolic changes were induced in rats. Changes of [Ca2+] (delta [Ca2+]) and of
      plasma pH (delta pH) were recorded continuously in vivo, plasma bicarbonate, [HCO
      3] was measured in vitro. In a second series respiratory and metabolic changes
      were induced in sixteen volunteers and, separately, in vitro in plasma and
      modified Ringer solution, and the same parameters were determined. In all
      experiments delta [Ca2+] correlates negatively with delta pH. However, the
      correlation in respiratory changes was significantly less as compared to that in
      metabolic changes. As expected, delta [HCO-3] correlates positively with pH in
      metabolic and negatively in respiratory changes. We conclude from these
      experiments that in metabolic changes the effects of calcium-albumin interaction
      and calcium complexation with bicarbonate are additive, whereas both effects
      oppose each other in respiratory changes. This might explain the blunted effect
      of pH changes on [Ca2+] in respiratory changes.

PMID- 6818033
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of porcine glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
      (GIP) in man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of porcine glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide were
      investigated in six healthy volunteers. At the maximum infusion dose (0 . 5 pmol
      kg-1 min-1) a plateau concentration of 115 +/- 5 . 0 pmol/l plasma was obtained.
      On discontinuation of the infusion, the half-time of disappearance was calculated
      to be 20 . 3 +/- 1 . 2 min. The metabolic clearance rate was 2 . 6 +/- 0 . 1 ml
      kg-1 min-1 and the apparent space of distribution was 75 . 8 +/- 5 . 7 ml kg-1.
      Blood glucose, pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones remained at basal
      concentrations throughout. No side effects were noted by any of the subjects
      studied.

PMID- 6818034
TI  - Erythrocyte organic phosphates and whole blood oxygen affinity in patients on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Whole blood oxygen affinity, erythrocyte pH and organic phosphates were studied
      in five anaemic untransfused patients with end stage renal disease undergoing
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Decreased whole blood oxygen affinity
      with increased adenosine triphosphate and normal 2.3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG)
      values were observed. Normal and stable serum phosphate and permanent mild
      metabolic acidosis may be important factors contributing to maintain DPG levels
      within the normal range despite anaemia. Continuous dialysis avoids cyclic
      fluctuation of blood oxygen affinity as described during and after dialysis
      sessions in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

PMID- 6818035
TI  - Metabolic clearance rate of immunoreactive vasopressin in man.
AB  - Metabolic clearance of synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been measured in
      sixteen healthy subjects and ten uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
      Plasma AVP was measured using a specific radioimmunoassay at different intervals
      after a single injection of 2 micrograms AVP. The theoretical curve which fitted
      best with the disappearance curve was the sum of two exponentials in twenty-two
      subjects and of three exponentials in the other four. Metabolic clearance rate
      and the volume of fast initial distribution were 287.1 ml min-1 (m2)-1 and 219.3
      ml/kg b.w., respectively, in normal subjects. Metabolic clearance rate was
      considerably lower in the uraemic group. This emphasizes the role of kidneys in
      the degradation of AVP and may account, at least in part, for the higher basal
      plasma value of this hormone observed in uraemic patients.

PMID- 6818036
TI  - Effect of vitamin B6 administration on elevated plasma oxalic acid levels in
      haemodialysed patients.
AB  - Accumulation of oxalic acid resulting in elevated plasma levels is a common
      finding in uraemic patients. Since vitamin B6 is an important coenzyme in oxalic
      acid metabolism the influence of vitamin B6 administration on plasma oxalic acid
      levels was investigated. Vitamin B6 was administered to eight chronic
      haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperoxalaemia. Mean plasma oxalic acid
      concentration decreased from 149.5 +/- 67 mumol/l to 99.0 +/- 36.4 mumol/l within
      2 weeks and to 93.8 +/- 33.1 mumol/l after 4 weeks of pyridoxine treatment (P
      less than 0.01) the mean reduction being 46% (32.0-56.1%). The decrease in plasma
      oxalic acid levels was most pronounced in patients with the highest pretreatment
      values. Two patients who received pyridoxine therapy prior to the beginning of
      the study had low initial values of plasma oxalic acid concentrations and showed
      no further decline.

PMID- 6818037
TI  - Evaluation of mannitol for use as a probe marker of gastrointestinal permeability
      in man.
AB  - The absorption, metabolism, space distribution, renal excretion and natural
      occurrence of mannitol was studied in healthy human volunteers to determine its
      suitability for use as a probe marker of gastrointestinal permeability. Urinary
      recovery following oral loading was 8.0-39.6% of the ingested amount. Net
      absorption during intubation experiments in which a 30 cm segment of small
      intestine was perfused was 3.6% of perfusate mannitol. The slow rate of removal
      from the jejunum suggests that mannitol has a very low affinity for facilitated
      transport systems. Urinary recovery of intravenously injected mannitol approached
      100% and renal clearance averaged 131 ml/min. The space distribution, progression
      of renal excretion and falling plasma concentration simulated that of lactulose
      rather than 3-0-methyl-D-glucose suggesting a mainly extracellular distribution.
      This was supported by measurement of erythrocyte penetration. Stool cultures
      degraded mannitol to products which included acid and carbon dioxide, when
      incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Excretion of mannitol, which was found
      to be naturally present in urine, was reduced but not abolished by fasting. Since
      mannitol occurs naturally in human urine we conclude that measurement of urinary
      mannitol following oral administration to assess intestinal permeability may be
      subject to error.

PMID- 6818038
TI  - The effect of feeding and fasting on the activity of acyl-CoA: cholesterol
      acyltransferase in rat small intestine.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to test if the microsomal acyl
      CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in rat small intestine is regulated under
      physiological conditions. Two previously described in vitro assays were used,
      both based on the esterification of endogenous cholesterol with exogenous acyl
      CoA, performed or generated during the incubation. The important and consistent
      finding with rats on normal diet was an increase in ACAT activity with fasting
      and a decrease with feeding. Independent of the assay used, the ratio between
      ACAT activity in night-fasted and night-fed animals was about 2 (P less than
      0.005). When the fasting period was extended to 36 h a corresponding difference
      was found whether the ACAT assay was based on preformed [1-14C]oleoyl- or [1
      14C]palmitoyl-CoA as acyl-donor (P less than 0.05). The microsomal content of
      unesterified cholesterol was higher in fasted than fed animals, suggesting that
      availability of this substrate might be a factor in the regulation of rat
      intestinal ACAT activity.

PMID- 6818039
TI  - Effects of oral chlordemethyldiazepam on plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline and
      cardiovascular reactivity in preoperative patients.
AB  - In 11 preoperative women, plasma adrenaline (A) concentrations were lower after
      oral administration of an antianxiety dose (19.25 micrograms/kg) of
      chlordemethyldiazepam (Cl-DMDZ) than the predrug values, or those in 12 patients
      given placebo. No significant differences in supine plasma noradrenaline (NA),
      blood pressure (BP) and heart rate values were observed. Digital plethysmography
      showed finger vasoconstriction after placebo and vasodilatation after Cl-DMDZ. A
      mental arithmetic test caused equivalent rises in plasma A in both groups.
      Standing caused plasma NA to rise to similar levels in both groups of patients,
      but the BP decrease was less and there was a markedly lower incidence of
      orthostatic hypotension in the Cl-DMDZ treated group. It is concluded that the
      effect of Cl-DMDZ on the release of catecholamines from the peripheral
      sympathetic system consists essentially of decreasing basal adrenomedullary
      activity. CL-DMDZ appears to prevent the orthostatic hypotension which occurs
      when neurosympathetic reflex activation is normal.

PMID- 6818042
TI  - Murine genotype influences the in vitro production of gamma (immune) interferon.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice of 6 different strains were stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen and the amount of gamma interferon in th supernatants was measured. Three
      strains (BALB/c, A/J and C3H/He) were found to be low producers (less than 50
      units) whereas three other strains (C57BL6, CBA and AKR) were high producers (50
      to 500 units). F1 hybrids between a low producer strain (A/J) and a high producer
      strain (C57BL6) were found to produce low amounts of interferon. Nude mice did
      not produce detectable amounts of pokeweed mitogen-induce gamma interferon. The
      level of production of this T cell lymphokine is thus under genetic control.

PMID- 6818041
TI  - Immunogenic variants obtained by mutagenesis of mouse mastocytoma P815. V. H-2
      associativity of variant-specific antigens.
AB  - By in vitro mutagenesis of mastocytoma P815, it is possible to obtain tumor cell
      variants that are rejected by syngeneic mice (tum-). Most of these variants carry
      new individual antigens and stimulate a specific cytolytic T cell (CTL) response
      in mixed leukocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC). The H-2 associativity of this
      response was examined for six different variants by measuring the inhibition of
      cell-mediated cytolysis by antibodies directed against products of the K or the D
      end of the H-2d complex. The lysis was either not inhibited (variants P91 and
      P116) or inhibited selectively by anti-Kd (variants P21, P32 and P198) or anti-Dd
      antibodies (variant P35). All these tum- variants expressed Kd and Dd antigens as
      measured by absorption of H-2 alloantisera. Long-term CTL clones can be obtained
      that are specific for individual tum- antigens. The pattern of H-2 associativity
      obtained with MLTC-derived CTL against four tum- variants was verified with CTL
      clones directed against the specific antigens of these variants. Concordant
      results were observed in all cases. In addition to CTL clones specific for tum-
      antigens, it is possible to isolate clones against a P815 tumor-associated
      antigen found on all P815 tum- variants. For these clones no clear associativity
      with either Kd or Dd products was found.

PMID- 6818040
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of oral L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine in normal
      subjects and patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of oral L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS) was
      studied in 7 normal subjects and 7 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
      Each person swallowed a single 300 mg dose in the fasting state, and L-threo-DOPS
      in plasma and urine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with
      an electrochemical detector after separation on a boric acid gel column. L-threo
      DOPS was slowly absorbed by normal subjects; the maximum plasma concentration
      occurred 3 h after administration and 20% of the oral dose was recovered
      unchanged in the urine within 12 h. It induced a substantial elevation of plasma
      norepinephrine levels, the peak being attained at 5 h, but without any change in
      blood pressure. In the patients, the absorption and metabolism of L-threo-DOPS
      were delayed, and a prolonged pressor response was observed, with a peak after 8
      h. It was concluded that the effects on plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure
      of oral L-threo-DOPS were essentially equal to those of twice as large a dose of
      DL-threo-DOPS.

PMID- 6818043
TI  - Delayed inhibition of dopamine synthesis by gamma-butyrolactone and baclofen:
      dopamine autoreceptor supersensitivity?
AB  - The administration of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) (750 mg . kg-1 i.p.) and baclofen
      (20 mg . kg-1 i.p.) to rats caused a transient increase followed by a long
      lasting decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) synthesis, as measured by DOPA
      accumulation after decarboxylase inhibition. DA synthesis was reduced to 40-50%
      of the control value for 2-12 h following either treatment. The GBL- and baclofen
      induced inhibition of DN synthesis was reversed by haloperidol (2-5 mg . kg-1
      i.p.) and by a second dose of baclofen or GBL. The subcutaneous dose of 15 mg .
      kg-1 of apomorphine, insufficient to decrease DA synthesis in control rats,
      produced a further decrease in DA synthesis in animals pretreated with baclofen.
      These results suggest that the delayed DA synthesis inhibition following GBL or
      baclofen treatment was due to stimulation of supersensitive DA autoreceptors.

PMID- 6818044
TI  - Methyl-beta-carboline-induced convulsions are antagonized by Ro 15-1788 and by
      propyl-beta-carboline.
AB  - Injected i.v. into baboons, Ro 15-1788 (a benzodiazepine antagonist) and propyl
      beta-carboline-3-carboxylate did not modify either the behavior or the
      electroencephalogram at doses up to 2 mg/kg. Methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate
      is a potent convulsant at doses of 20 micrograms/kg in photosensitive baboons and
      100 micrograms/kg in non-photosensitive baboons. These convulsive doses of methyl
      beta-carboline-3-carboxylate are effectively antagonized by 0.5 mg/kg of Ro 15
      1788 and also by 2 mg/kg of propyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate.

PMID- 6818045
TI  - Rhipicephalus sanguinius: localization of vitellogenin synthesis by immunological
      methods and electron microscopy.

PMID- 6818046
TI  - Studies on the DD antigen-antibody system. I. The nature of antigen Dd and its
      antibodies.

PMID- 6818047
TI  - 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives of aryloxyalanoic acids.
AB  - Several 1,2,3-triazolederivatives of aryloxyalcanoic acids of general formula
      (II) were synthesized. Some derivatives were obtained by the cycloaddition
      reaction of 4-azidophenoxyacetic acid (III) to activated methylene compounds, but
      the largest part were prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions of three
      new (4-hydroxyphenyl)triazole derivatives and alyphatic bromoesters. Some
      compounds, tested as prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors of rat spleen in vitro,
      showed practically no activity; moderate activities as herbicides, insecticides
      and antimicrobials were detected.

PMID- 6818048
TI  - Interrelation between taxis and sporulation systems.

PMID- 6818049
TI  - Induction of beta-casein mRNA accumulation by the putative prolactin second
      messenger added to the culture medium of cultured mammary epithelial cells.

PMID- 6818051
TI  - A simple method of affinity chromatography for the purification of glucoamylase
      obtained from Aspergillus niger C.

PMID- 6818050
TI  - Monensin-induced accumulation of beta-D-xyloside-initiated glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6818052
TI  - [Secretory activity of the stomach glands after differential vagal stimulation].

PMID- 6818053
TI  - [Preparation of melanin from dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)].

PMID- 6818054
TI  - [Prolonged treatment with LH-RH of 6 men with oligoasthenozoospermia and
      normogonadotropic idiopathic azoospermia].

PMID- 6818055
TI  - Reconstructive microsurgery of the female reproductive tract utilizing the carbon
      dioxide laser.

PMID- 6818056
TI  - Inhibin production by Sertoli cell cultures.
AB  - The production of inhibin by cultures of Sertoli cells from 21-day-old rats was
      assessed by the use of an in vitro bioassay using rat pituitary cells in culture.
      Sertoli cell culture media (SCCM) caused a dose-dependent suppression of the
      pituitary cell FSH content which was parallel with that of an ovine testis lymph
      preparation used as an inhibin standard. SCCM also caused a dose-dependent
      inhibition of FSH secreted by pituitary cells in response to 10 nM GnRH
      stimulation. The FSH-inhibitory activity in SCCM was destroyed by heat or trypsin
      digestion and could not be attributable to the steroid content of the medium,
      since ether extraction caused no change in the inhibitory activity. The inhibin
      activity in SCCM was not due to cytotoxicity in the bioassay, since the LH cell
      content was unchanged and the media produced no change in the release of 51Cr
      from labelled pituitary cells, a parameter which has been shown to be a useful
      test of cytotoxicity. Sertoli cell cultures produced inhibin for the 8-day
      duration of the cultures. The amount of inhibin produced was proportional to the
      number of Sertoli cells initially plated. If foetal calf serum was included for
      more than the initial 48 h, the spent medium caused toxic effects in the
      pituitary cells as evidenced by an increase in 51Cr release from 51Cr-labelled
      pituitary cells. Similar toxic effects were found if the lyophilized spent media
      contained cellular debris. A dose-dependent increase in inhibin activity was
      observed in the presence of graded doses of FSH (0.05-5 micrograms/ml NIH-FSH
      S13).

PMID- 6818057
TI  - D-valine medium maintains prolactin production in primary culture.
AB  - Prolactin secretion by bovine pituitary cells in L-valine-containing medium
      decreases approximately 96% from day 3 to day 11 of culture. We hypothesized that
      this decrease was caused by overgrowth of these cultures by fibroblasts. Our
      present objective was to maintain the synthesis and secretion of PRL by bovine
      pituitary cells in culture. We attempted this by growing pituitary cells in D
      valine-containing medium to achieve selective suppression of fibroblast growth.
      Substitution of D-valine for L-valine in Earle's or Swim's medium resulted in
      undiminished PRL synthesis and release over a 30-day culture period. In contrast,
      comparable measures for cells maintained in medium with L-valine decreased more
      than 90% from day 5 to day 20 of culture and remained low thereafter. Cells
      cultured in medium containing D-valine retained their ability to release PRL in
      response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone throughout the 30-day culture period,
      although there was a decrease in magnitude of response with time. Similarly,
      estradiol increased PRL release by pituitary cells maintained in D-valine, but
      this stimulatory effect was no longer demonstrable by day 20 of culture. The
      amount of growth hormone (GH) and luteinzing hormone (LH) released into the
      medium decreased with time and this decrease was independent of the valine isomer
      contained in the medium. We conclude that substituting D-valine for L-valine in
      culture medium allows PRL synthesis and release to persist undiminished for at
      least 30 days in culture.

PMID- 6818058
TI  - Involvement of calcium ions in dopamine inhibition of prolactin secretion from
      sheep pituitary cells.
AB  - The involvement of calcium in the regulation of prolactin secretion and a
      possible inhibitory mechanism of action for dopamine have been investigated.
      Basal prolactin secretion from cultured ovine pituitary cells was dependent on
      the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the medium and was inhibited by the
      presence of verapamil (10 microM). The divalent cation ionophore A23187 (1
      microM) caused a rapid stimulation of prolactin release from the cells. The
      effect was essentially complete within 10 min and subsequently secretion of
      prolactin occurred at close to the basal rate. A23187 had no effect on cell
      cyclic AMP levels. Dopamine (0.1 microM) but not verapamil (10 microM) inhibited
      the A23187 (10 microM) induced release of prolactin. Inhibition of basal and
      A23187 (1 microM) stimulated prolactin secretion occurred over a similar range of
      dopamine concentrations. The dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (1 microM)
      reversed the inhibitory effect of dopamine (0.1 microM) on A23187-stimulated
      prolactin release. These results provide evidence to support the concept that
      control of Ca2+ handling by lactotrophs may be of fundamental importance in the
      regulation of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 6818059
TI  - Participation of oviducal pars recta secretions in inducing the acrosome reaction
      and release of vitelline coat lysin in fertilizing toad sperm.

PMID- 6818060
TI  - Chick ciliary ganglion in dissociated cell culture. II. Electrophysiological
      properties.

PMID- 6818061
TI  - Intersexuality resulting from the interaction of sex-specific lethal mutations in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6818062
TI  - Genetic and developmental evidence for a repressed genital primordium in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6818063
TI  - The acquisition of resistance to ecdysteroids in cultured Drosophila cells.

PMID- 6818064
TI  - Gap junction amplification in rat ovarian granulosa cells. I. A direct response
      to follicle-stimulating hormone.

PMID- 6818065
TI  - Genetically displaced sensory neurons in the head of Drosophila project via
      different pathways into the same specific brain regions.

PMID- 6818066
TI  - The selection, expression, and organization of a set of head-specific genes in
      Drosophila.

PMID- 6818067
TI  - Effect of ionophore A23187 on basal and insulin-stimulated sugar transport by rat
      soleus muscle.
AB  - The ionophore A23187 (10 micrograms/ml) did not affect the uptake of D-[U
      14C]xylose by rat soleus muscle incubated under basal conditions. When muscles
      were incubated in a Ca2+/Mg2+-free (CMF) medium, A23187 promoted the efflux of
      intracellular Mg2+ and the efflux of 45Ca from preloaded muscles. Under these
      conditions, conditions, A23187 inhibited insulin-stimulated sugar transport
      without affecting 125I-insulin binding by the muscle. A23187 induced a slight
      fall in muscle ATP (16-18%); this does not appear to be responsible for the
      inhibitory effect of the ionophore on sugar transport. The inhibitory effect of
      A23187 was completely abolished when the CMF medium was supplemented with Mg2+
      and partially reversed by Mn2+ or Zn2+; supplementation with Ca2+ did not reverse
      the inhibitory effect of the ionophore. These results suggest that insulin
      stimulates muscle sugar transport through a mechanism that involves intracellular
      Mg2+.

PMID- 6818068
TI  - Normal responses of rats with transplanted neonatal islets to stress,
      epinephrine, and cortisol.
AB  - Sympathetic responses were evaluated in rats transplanted with neonatal
      pancreatic tissue. Transplantation was by one of two methods: mild collagenase
      digestion with subsequent intraportal injection, or direct placement of intact
      pancreatic tissue under the renal capsule. Compared with control intact animals,
      both groups of transplanted rats reverted to normal fasting and postglucose load
      plasma glucose and insulin. The hyperglycemia characteristic of stress or of
      injected exogenous epinephrine was present and similar in all three groups. The
      response to an intragastric glucose load or to tolbutamide injection during
      stress was similar in transplanted and in control animals. All three groups of
      rats responded to sustained cortisol injection with a compensatory
      hyperinsulinemia but maintained normal plasma glucose, water intake, and urine
      volume. No evidence could be detected in this study of an exaggerated
      "denervated" response of the transplanted islets. The normal sympathetic
      responses of these neonatal islet preparations in which little or no collagenase
      was used, in comparison with the abnormal responses previously reported for
      collagenase-treated individually isolated adult rat islets, suggest differences
      in recuperative powers of the sympathetic innervation in islets, possibly related
      to age and to method of preparation of transplanted tissue.

PMID- 6818069
TI  - Insulin resistance in diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - The effect of "low-dose" (6--10 U/h) insulin treatment on the rate of decline of
      plasma glucose concentration was determined in 15 diabetic subjects admitted in
      ketoacidosis (plasma glucose = 948  79 mg/dl) and in six normal volunteers
      rendered hyperglycemic by a combined infusion of somatostatin and glucose (plasma
      glucose = 653  28 mg/dl). The fractional glucose turnover and the half-time of
      the fall in plasma glucose during insulin treatment were both 10-fold reduced (P
      less than 0.001) in the diabetics as compared with the controls. In the
      ketoacidotic subjects, the mean glucose clearance during insulin treatment was
      only 8% of that in the controls (P less than 0.001). In the normal subjects,
      tissue glucose clearance during insulin treatment of the hyperglycemia (5.8  0.7
      ml/min . kg) was similar to that measured in the same subjects using a standard
      technique to quantitate insulin sensitivity (euglycemic insulin clamp). In the
      ketoacidotic patients, a history of prior insulin therapy, but not the degree of
      hyperglycemia at the time of admission, was associated with a more rapid rate of
      decline of plasma glucose in response to insulin treatment. We conclude that
      marked insulin resistance is present in virtually all diabetics in ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6818070
TI  - HLA-DR specifications in Japanese with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Specific allelic associations vary among ethnic groups. We studied the
      distribution of HLA-A,-B,-C, and -DR antigens in 34 Japanese juvenile-onset
      diabetic patients. The focus of our current work was HLS-DR antigens because
      there have been few studies of Japanese with this disease. A significant increase
      in the frequency of HLA-DR4 was found in patients but not in unaffected persons:
      DR4 was found in 56.3% of the patients versus 32.6% of the unaffected persons.
      However, the negative correlation between DR2 and patients was not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 6818071
TI  - HLA-A, -B, and -DR associations in type I diabetes mellitus with onset after age
      forty.
AB  - It remains to be convincingly demonstrated whether insulin-requiring, ketosis
      prone, lean-at-onset, type I diabetics who develop their disease after age 40
      have the same disease as the children with similar characteristics. To address
      this question, we examined the population HLA genetic associations of this group.
      One hundred forty white, insulin-using diabetics with onset of disease past age
      40 yr and 268 normal white controls have thus far been analyzed for HLA type. In
      the group of patients who were lean-at-onset and/or ketosis-prone (N = 54), there
      was a significantly increased frequency of DR4 (RR = 4.63; P less than 0.01) and
      significantly decreased frequency of DR2 (RR = 0.18; P less than 0.05) after
      correction. DR4 was also significantly increased after correction (RR = 5.72; P
      less than 0.25) in the subgroup who were both lean and ketosis-prone (N = 23). No
      significant differences in HLA-DR frequencies were found between the obese and
      not-ketosis-prone group (N = 69) and controls. No significant associations of HLA
      A or-B antigens with either group were observed after correction for the number
      of antigens tested. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in the United
      States, and the first demonstrating that late onset diabetics who are lean-at
      onset and/or ketosis-prone exhibit HLA-DR antigen associations which are similar
      to early onset cases.

PMID- 6818072
TI  - Abnormal composition of high density lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetics.

PMID- 6818073
TI  - Genetic susceptibility to the development of retinopathy in insulin-dependent
      diabetics.
AB  - HLA types and blood glucose control were investigated in 127 insulin-dependent
      diabetics with different grades of severity of retinopathy. The means of all
      afternoon clinic blood glucose levels from the diagnosis of diabetes were 9.9 +/-
      2.1 mmol/L for patients with no retinopathy, 11.8 +/- 2.1 mmol/L for patients
      with background retinopathy, and 12.4 +/- 2.1 mmol/L for patients with
      proliferative retinopathy (P less than 0.0001). HLA-DR4 was present in 61 of 87
      patients (70%) with background or proliferative retinopathy and 21 of 39 (54%)
      with no retinopathy. The frequency of HLA-DR4 was lowest in patients with no
      retinopathy despite "poor control" (mean blood glucose greater than or equal to
      11.5 mmol/L) and highest in those who had developed retinopathy despite "good
      control;" the frequencies of HLA-DR2 showed the reverse pattern. Mantel-Haenszel
      tests were used to calculate the odds ratios for the presence of retinopathy
      associated with "poor control" and with HLA-DR4, since each modified the effect
      of the other. The odds ratio for retinopathy associated with "poor control" was
      6.7 (P less than 0.0001). The odds ratio with HLA-DR4 was 3.7 (P less than
      0.005). When both risk factors were present, the odds ratio increased to 33.3 (P
      less than 0.0001). Genetically determined factors appear to influence
      susceptibility to retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 6818074
TI  - Acetone metabolism during diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - The presence and the importance of acetone and its metabolism in diabetic
      ketoacidosis has largely been ignored. Therefore, we studied acetone metabolism
      in nine diabetic patients in moderate to severe ketoacidosis. The concentration
      of acetone in plasma, urine, and breath, and the rates of acetone production and
      elimination in breath and urine were determined and the rates of vivo metabolism
      were calculated. Plasma acetone concentrations (1.55-8.91 mM) were directly
      related and were generally greater than acetoacetate concentrations (1.16-6.08
      mM). The rates of acetone production ranged from 68 to 581 mumol/min/1.73 m2,
      indicating the heterogeneous nature of the patients studied. The average acetone
      production rate was 265 mumol/min/1.73 m2 and accounted for about 52% of the
      estimated acetoacetate production rate. Urinary excretion of acetone remained
      constant and accounted for about 7% of the acetone production rate in all
      patients. There was a positive linear relationship between the percentage of the
      acetone production rate accounted for by excretion in breath and the plasma
      acetone concentration. At low plasma acetone concentrations, approximately 20%,
      and at high plasma acetone concentrations, approximately 80% of the production
      rate was accounted for by breath acetone. In contrast, there was a negative
      linear relationship between the percentage of acetone production rate undergoing
      in vivo metabolism and plasma acetone concentration. At low plasma acetone
      concentrations, approximately 75%, and at high concentrations, approximately 20%
      of acetone production rate was accounted for by in vivo metabolism. Radioactivity
      from 2-[14C]-acetone was variably present in plasma acetone, glucose, lipids and
      proteins. No radioactivity was found in plasma acetoacetate, beta-hydroxy
      butyrate or free fatty acids or other anionic compounds. Exchange rates of
      acetone into other metabolites could not be estimated because of non-steady-state
      precursor product relationships in these patients.

PMID- 6818075
TI  - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of low-density lipoprotein alters its biologic
      activity.
AB  - Human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was glucosylated by incubation in vitro with
      glucose (20-80 mM) with or without addition of cyanoborohydride. The
      incorporation of covalently bound glucose was linear over time, and amino acid
      analysis showed the presence of glucosyllysine residues. The glucosylated LDL
      (glc LDL) moved more rapidly than normal LDL on agarose electrophoresis. The rate
      of degradation of 125I-labeled glucosylated LDL (glc LDL) by cultured human
      fibroblasts was reduced compared with that of native I-LDL, the difference
      increasing with extent of glucosylation. Effects were seen with blockage of as
      few as 6-15% of the LDL lysine residues; high-affinity degradation was completely
      lost when one-third of the lysine residues were blocked. Conjugation of LDL with
      glucose-6-phosphate also blocked high-affinity uptake and degradation. Whereas
      native LDL uptake inhibited the activity of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase and stimulated acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity, glc LDL had no effects on these enzymes. The fractional catabolic rate
      of glc LDL in guinea pigs was reduced. Degradation of glc LDL by mouse peritoneal
      macrophages was not significantly faster than that of native LDL. Finally, the
      presence of glc LDL in human plasma was demonstrated. Preliminary data show that
      1.3% of lysine residues in normal LDL and 2-5.3% of lysines in diabetic LDL were
      glucosylated. Since, like other plasma proteins, LDL undergoes glucosylation in
      diabetes, its turnover and sites of catabolism may differ from normal and this
      may be relevant to the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes.

PMID- 6818076
TI  - Comparative study of ethosuximide and sodium valproate in the treatment of
      typical absence seizures (petit mal).

PMID- 6818077
TI  - Fatal hepatic failure in a child treated with phenytoin and valproic acid.

PMID- 6818078
TI  - Effect of chronic alcohol administration on liver morphology and on brush border
      membrane enzymes after jejunoileal bypass operation in rat.
AB  - To determine whether jejunoileal bypass operation and alcohol administration
      exerted a synergistic effect on the activities of brush border membrane enzymes
      and on liver morphology, adult rats where submitted either to sham operation or
      to jejunoileal bypass operation. 2 weeks after operation the rats received a 15%
      solution of ethanol during a period of 4 weeks, controls received water. In the
      sham-operated rats, alcohol provoked stimulation of the disaccharidase activities
      in the proximal jejunum but had no effect on these activities in the ileum.
      Bypass operation alone induced a significant increase in sucrase activity in the
      functioning ileum but had no effect on the jejunal disaccharidase activities.
      Alcohol administered after bypass provoked a further increase in ileal brush
      border sucrase activity. The increase of the brush border enzyme specific
      activities in the excluded loop resulted from the important protein loss observed
      in this segment. Alcohol alone or bypass operation by itself had little effect on
      liver morphology. In contrast, when associated they induced extensive
      accumulation of fat droplets in the hepatocytes. Since alcohol is frequently
      associated with the diet in man, alcohol should be considered as an important
      contributing factor to intestinal enzyme adaptation and liver dysfunction after
      jejunoileal bypass operation.

PMID- 6818079
TI  - Congenital deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin and acute viral hepatitis in
      infancy. No evidence of association.

PMID- 6818080
TI  - A prospective study of the effect of 12 months treatment on serum lipids and
      apolipoproteins A-I and B in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride and
      apolipoproteins A-I and B were studied at diagnosis and after 12 months
      conventional treatment in a group of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients. No significant deleterious effect on serum lipids and apolipoproteins
      was seen in any of the subgroups during the treatment period, although in the
      overall group there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in
      females. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in
      obese males treated with calorie restriction alone. There was a significant
      increase in serum apolipoprotein A-I in obese females treated with calorie
      restriction and metformin and in non-obese females treated with carbohydrate
      restriction and glibenclamide.

PMID- 6818081
TI  - Inhibition of insulin-stimulated xylose uptake in denervated rat soleus muscle: a
      post-receptor effect.
AB  - Insulin (100 U/l) stimulated xylose uptake in rat soleus muscle from a basal
      value of 2.3 +/- 0.5 to 11.6 +/- 2.1 mumol . g-1 . h-1. Denervation (section of
      the sciatic nerve) markedly reduced the stimulatory action of insulin (basal 1.3
      +/- 0.4 mumol . g-1 . h-1; insulin-stimulated 4.5 +/- 0.6 mumol . g-1 . h-1).
      This effect appeared 3 days after denervation and was maximal after 5 days.
      Denervation also affected the insulin dose response curve; there was no effect of
      insulin in denervated muscle until the concentration exceeded 1 U/l. Denervation
      inhibited insulin-stimulated alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake by 77% but did not
      affect 125I-insulin binding or glucose-independent activation of glycogen
      synthase by insulin. There was no effect of denervation on the insulinomimetic
      effects of concanavalin A, hydrogen peroxide, vitamin K5, anoxia, 2:4
      dinitrophenol, cooling, hyperosmolarity or EDTA, but the effect of diamide was
      inhibited. It is concluded [1] that denervation inhibits insulin-stimulated sugar
      transport at some early post-receptor step, and [2] that the mechanism whereby
      insulin activates glycogen synthase is different from the activation of the
      membrane transport of sugars and amino acids.

PMID- 6818082
TI  - Comparison of hypoglycaemic responses to human growth hormone and the synthetic 4
      15 fragment between 16-18 day-old and 45-50 day-old rats.
AB  - The hypoglycaemic response to human growth hormone and its synthetic 4-15
      fragment were studied in 16-18 day-old and 45-50 day-old normal male rats using
      three different bioassay system: (1) intravenous insulin tolerance tests, (2)
      insulin binding to specific receptor of hepatic plasma membranes, and (3)
      activation of insulin-dependent glycogen synthase in muscle. The mean level of
      the endogenous growth hormone in the 16-18 day-old group was 11 +/- 4 ng/ml and
      that of the 45-50 day-old group was 164 +/- 35 ng/ml. A hypoglycaemic action of
      human growth hormone was observed in the baby animals but not in the adults. The
      synthetic 4-15 fragment was found, at a similar dose to that of the intact
      molecule, to enhance hypoglycaemia in both groups of rats. In exact parallel,
      growth hormone increased hepatic insulin binding and activated muscle glycogen
      synthase only in baby rats but the synthetic 4-15 fragment affected both baby and
      adult animals in the same way. The molecular mechanism for the diminution of the
      responses to the intact molecule of growth hormone in normal adult rats remains
      to be identified. However, the present studies provide the first evidence on the
      hypoglycaemic response to growth hormone in vivo in normal rats without any
      previous chemical or surgical treatment.

PMID- 6818083
TI  - Effect of amino-acids on secretion of insulin by isolated islets of the monkey.
AB  - Insulin secretion was monitored in monkey islets isolated by collagenase
      digestion and exposed to leucine and arginine with and without glucose. Leucine
      by itself (10 to 40 mmol/l) elicited concentration-dependent insulin secretion.
      At 40 mmol/l, leucine was approximately 60% as effective as glucose (16.7
      mmol/l). The response to leucine was increased at low glucose concentrations. In
      high concentrations (20 and 40 mmol/l), arginine by itself was a poor stimulant.
      The effect of arginine was enhanced at low glucose concentrations (2.8 to 5.6
      mmol/l). At high glucose concentrations neither amino-acid produced any
      significant further increase in insulin release.

PMID- 6818084
TI  - [Nutritional disorders in patients with chronic liver disease].

PMID- 6818085
TI  - [Role of the digestive tract in the incidence of infections in critical
      patients].

PMID- 6818086
TI  - Potent tumor promoters other than phorbol ester and their significance.

PMID- 6818087
TI  - Effects of temperature on sister chromatid exchange in Bloom syndrome cells.

PMID- 6818088
TI  - Mammary carcinoma induced by a series of intragastric intubations of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in gonadectomized female and male Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - Biweekly intragastric intubations of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)
      rapidly induce mammary carcinoma in high yield in gonadectomized female and male
      rats. These tumors are ovary-independent, though they contain estrogen receptors
      (ER). In 84.4% of 32 female rats and in 100% of 35 male rats which were
      gonadectomized at 27 days of age and given 10 mg of DMBA 8 times at 14-day
      intervals starting from 28 days of age, mammary carcinoma developed 102.4 +/-
      28.1 (SD) and 107.2 +/- 25.5 (SD) days, respectively, after the first intubation
      of DMBA. More than 55% (55 approximately 83%) of seed tumors taken from 18 tumors
      induced in ovariectomized rats and 18 tumors induced in orchiectomized rats could
      grow in intact and ovariectomized females and intact and castrated males. Cytosol
      ER were found in all of 10 tumors induced in gonadectomized male and female rats.

PMID- 6818090
TI  - Chemically induced rat B cell leukemia KNL-14, and its major histocompatibility
      complex products.
AB  - Five rat leukemia cell lines induced with chemical agents and/or leukemia viruses
      were investigated in terms of their surface antigens. One of them, KNL-14, which
      was induced with 1-butyl-1-nitrosourea in WKA rats had RT1-B region-associated
      antigens on the cell surface. In addition, Thy-1.1 antigens and surface and
      cytoplasmic mu chains were detected by serological and immunochemical means. From
      the results it was concluded that this leukemia originated from immature B cells.
      In the present work, RT1 antigens on the KNL-14 cells were further investigated.
      The class I and class II antigens were examined and KNL-14 cells were found to
      have phenotypical antigens and immunogenicity similar to those of B cells from
      the WKA lymph nodes. As for class II antigens, which are responsible for various
      immunologic functions, two specificities were detected, Ba-1.2 and Ba-2.7. These
      KNL-14 cells should be useful for studying the process of rat B cell
      differentiation and for immunochemical studies of the rat MHC gene products.

PMID- 6818089
TI  - Macrophage activating factor is not identical with immune interferon or a factor
      inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells.
AB  - Conditioned media of mitogen- or antigen-stimulated spleen cells have been found
      to contain various lymphokines including macrophage activating factor (MAF),
      immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and a factor inducing differentiation of mouse
      myeloid leukemic M1 cells into macrophages and granulocytes (D-factor). We
      examined the properties and mutual relations of these lymphokines. Conditioned
      media of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen cells and of purified protein
      derivative (PPD)-stimulated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-immune spleen cells
      contained the activities of D-factor, MAF and IFN. These lymphokines were
      similarly eluted on Sephadex G-100 in a peak corresponding to a molecular weight
      of 40,000 approximately 60,000. However, a rapidly eluted fraction contained MAF
      but not activities of D-factor and IFN. Treatment of conditioned medium of Con A
      stimulated spleen cells at pH 2 abolished the activities of MAF and IFN but did
      not affect the activity of D-factor. Moreover, addition of cytochalasin B
      suppressed the productions of MAF and IFN but not that of D-factor by Con A
      stimulated spleen cells. Antiserum against mouse IFN-gamma neutralized IFN
      activity but not MAF activity in the conditioned medium of Con A-stimulated
      spleen cells. These results indicate that D-factor, MAF and IFN-gamma are all
      distinct substances.

PMID- 6818091
TI  - Occurrence of drug resistance in human tumor implanted in nude mice.
AB  - A line of human breast tumor xenograft in nude mouse, MX-1, acquired resistance
      to vincristine or mitomycin C during multiple treatments; both drugs were
      effective against the parent line of this tumor. If the treatment was started
      when the tumor was smaller than 500 mm3 in size, MX-1 was responsive to the
      initial treatment with vincristine (0.8 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (3.4 mg/kg), and
      some animals survived with complete regression of the tumor. However, some of the
      recurrent tumors were able to tolerate multiple treatments with either of these
      agents, and finally acquired apparent resistance to the agent. On the other hand,
      when tumors larger than 5,000 mm3 were treated with vincristine, the occurrence
      of resistance was observed with much higher frequency than when small tumors were
      treated. Resistant tumors thus obtained exhibited significant refractoriness to
      each agent when they were reimplanted in new mice and treated in the same manner.
      This suggests that the occurrence of resistance can be ascribed to changes not in
      metabolic functions of the host animal but in the tumor cell populations.

PMID- 6818092
TI  - Toxicity of mitomycin C and anti-intoxication by fumaric acid in liver and kidney
      cellular fine structure.
AB  - The previous study indicated that the toxic symptoms in ICR mice given two ip
      injections of 4 mg/kg of mitomycin C at an interval of 48 hr were reduced by the
      concurrent administration of 40 mg/kg of fumaric acid. In the present study, are
      described the changes of subcellular components and organella in the liver and
      kidney at 4 days after the 2nd injection. The liver treated with mitomycin C
      showed perinuclear irregularity, aggregation of chromatins, and abnormal
      cytoplasmic organella (e.g., swelling of mitochondria and dilatation of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum). Focal localization of rough endoplasmic reticulum was
      noted. The concurrent administration of fumaric acid reduced the incidence of
      such deleterious changes. Increases in the number of nucleoli and normal
      cytoplasmic organella were evident. The kidney treated with mitomycin C showed
      decrease of chromatins and edematous nuclear matrix. The cytoplasmic organella
      were swollen. The action of fumaric acid against mitomycin C intoxication was
      more apparent in the kidney. Chromatins and nucleoli developed well and other
      subcellular organella appeared completely normal.

PMID- 6818093
TI  - Distribution and excretion of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C in normal mice.
AB  - Tissue distribution, excretion and stability of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C
      (M-83) in normal mice were compared with those of mitomycin C (MMC) by
      microbiological assay. M-83 was more rapidly inactivated by mouse liver
      homogenate in vitro than MMC. MMC could not be detected by thin-layer
      chromatography-bioautography in the reaction mixture of M-83 incubated with mouse
      liver homogenate, or in the mouse urine. Both M-83 and MMC exhibited biphasic
      serum elimination characteristics after iv bolus injection. When these compounds
      were administered at their approximate LD50 (M-83, 20 mg/kg; MMC, 8 mg/kg) iv
      into mice, their half-lives were 17.9 and 19.8 min, respectively. However, the
      half-life of M-83 (10.2 mg/kg) after iv bolus injection was 7.5 min and was
      shorter than that of MMC (8 mg/kg) at the molar equivalent dose. In ip
      administration of an approximate LD50, M-83 and MMC exhibited similar drug
      absorption and elimination patterns. When both compounds were administered iv at
      the approximate LD50, the 24-hr urinary recoveries of unchanged M-83 and MMC were
      2.85 and 19.26%, respectively. The distribution of M-83 in various tissues was
      similar to that of MMC.

PMID- 6818094
TI  - [Evolutionistic significance of biological form-function relationship based on
      the example of the shoulder-blade in higher primates. II. Form and function, goal
      and random factor: literature].
AB  - The shoulder-blades of the monkeys are mainly constructed as a shock-absorbing
      platform, supporting the weight of the torso, which is hung up between the 2
      forelegs in a muscle sling, composed by the M. serratus ventralis. The mobility
      of the arms are of less importance, although this mobility is more developed in
      monkeys than in other quadrupedal mammals. The shoulder-blades of the hominoids
      are freed from the supporting function and are mainly constructed for the
      mobility of the arms. Therefore all the areas are well developed, where the
      important arm-moving muscles originate. The constructions of the catarrhine
      shoulder-blades are in a very close accordance with the function. Under the
      modern viewpoint of scientific evolutionary theory the relation between form and
      function is causal and is developing in the time-space continuum. It can be shown
      that the thinking in categories of time, space and causality is inadequate for
      the understanding of the evolutionary process. The hazardness which plays an
      important role in the neo-darwinistic modell, where mutations occur, has to bee
      replaced by synchronistic phenomena. Therefore the facts of live refer
      empirically to the existence of the "One-beeing". According to this, evolution
      occurs as a psycho-physical process, which is experiencable by synchronistic
      phenomena in archetypical moments as a reference to a reality, which is feeling
      its way in a finalistic manner.

PMID- 6818095
TI  - [Comparative sonographic and endocrine studies of gonadotropin-stimulated
      menstrual cycles].
AB  - In 18 cycles of 16 patients the morphological changes following stimulation by
      human gonadotrophin were followed by ultra-sonography and radio-immunoassays of
      17 beta-estradiol and progesterone (HMG). In 9 of 18 cycles hyperstimulation with
      more than 3 follicles on the day of chorionic gonadotrophin administration were
      found. When the human menopausal gonadotrophin treatment (HCG) results in the
      maturation of more than 10 follicles per ovary the estradiol level reaches more
      than 2000 pg/ml. In 4 of 8 cycles the administration of HCG triggered the
      hyperstimulation syndrome. In 5 of 18 cycles pregnancy was induced after a
      follicle of at least 17 mm diameter was found independant of the number and size
      of concommitant follicles. Because of the high incidence of HMG hyperstimulation
      ultra-sonographic prediction of a multiple pregnancy is of no practical value. In
      6 of 10 treated cycles without success the deformation or unclear margins of the
      predominant follicle suggested an insufficient stimulation with HMG. For the
      monitoring of follicular maturation ultrasonography is superior to estradiol
      determination since only a large number of follicles showed correlation to
      elevated estradiol levels.

PMID- 6818096
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase activity from guinea-pig brain: a comparison with
      hepatic multiple forms.
AB  - 1. Specific activities of glutathione S-transferase towards four model substrates
      were determined in guinea-pig brain 50,000 g supernatant and compared with those
      obtained for liver and kidney extract. 2. By using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as
      substrate, glutathione S-transferase activity was measured in different
      anatomical regions of brain; cerebellum expressed the highest conjugating
      capacity. 3. Brain glutathione S-transferase was resolved into four major peaks
      (PI 6.10, 6.60, 7.15, 7.65) each having similar kinetic constants for both
      substrates GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. 4. Likewise, four forms, focused
      at pH 6.45, 7.14, 7.50 and 8.88, were obtained from liver. 5. Unlike hepatic
      tissue, brain does not possess the highly alkaline form which displays Se
      independent GSH peroxidase activity. 6. Several psychotropic agents, including
      chlorpromazine and chlorazepate, produced a considerable in vitro inhibition on
      brain transferase activity.

PMID- 6818097
TI  - The effect of protein-energy malnutrition on the absorption, distribution and
      elimination of chloroquine in the rat.
AB  - 1. Protein-energy malnutrition was induced in young rats by feeding them a
      protein-deficient diet. 2. The kinetics of uptake and elimination of chloroquine
      in various tissues were compared in normal rats, malnourished rats, and
      malnourished rats after recovery from malnutrition. 3. In the blood, liver,
      spleen, heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, uptake of chloroquine was slower in
      malnourished than in normal rats. Chloroquine was also eliminated at a slower
      rate in malnourished rats. In the skin chloroquine was taken up to a greater
      extent in malnourished than in normal rats. 4. When malnourished rats were
      allowed to recover from their state of malnutrition, the uptake and elimination
      of chloroquine no longer differed from those of animals that had never been
      malnourished.

PMID- 6818098
TI  - Nodular and pigmented skin lesions.

PMID- 6818099
TI  - Differential response of growing and regressing chicken ovaries to gonadotropic
      hormones.

PMID- 6818100
TI  - Effects of progesterone on pituitary cells of the hen (Gallus domesticus) during
      the ovulatory cycle for production and release of LH and FSH.

PMID- 6818101
TI  - Interactions of zeste mutations with loci exhibiting transvection effects in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Zeste (1-1.0; 3A3) mutations have been known to modify the expression of two gene
      complexes: white (1-1.5; 3C1.5) and bithorax (3-58.8; 89E1-4) in Drosophila
      melanogaster. Certain mutations of these complexes have been shown to behave in a
      synapsis-dependent fashion. That is, certain bithorax and white genotypes exhibit
      one level of expression when the two copies of these loci are able to synapse in
      somatic tissues and another level when heterozygosity for chromosomal
      rearrangements interferes with their ability to pair. Such phenomena are termed
      transvection effects by LEWIS (1954). In the case of the white locus, asynapsis
      leads to a more normal state, whereas at bithorax, asynapsis leads to a more
      mutant phenotype. Recently, a third case of transvection was described at the
      decapentaplegic (2-4.0; 22F1-3) gene complex (GELBART 1982); phenomenologically,
      it is very similar to transvection at bithorax. In this report, we demonstrate
      that zeste mutations can also interact with those decapentaplegic mutations that
      exhibit transvection effects. In addition, we present more information on the
      zeste interactions with white and bithorax. Interactions with zeste may be
      diagnostic of loci that can exhibit transvection effects. However, different
      groups of zeste alleles interact with each complex. z1 interacts with white, za
      alleles interact with bithorax and all tested zeste mutants interact with
      decapentaplegic. These differential effects of zeste mutations may be a
      reflection of the neomorphic nature of the z1 allele.

PMID- 6818102
TI  - Naturally occurring enzyme activity variation in Drosophila melanogaster. I.
      Sources of variation for 23 enzymes.
AB  - The genetic component of variation of enzyme activity levels in Drosophila
      melanogaster was investigated by using 48 second- and 48 third-chromosome
      isogenic substitution lines derived from natural populations. The results confirm
      those of our earlier experiments with the same lines and extend them to a number
      of additional enzymes. All 23 enzymes show a significant genetic component to the
      variation in one or both sets of lines and only a small part of this variation is
      accounted for by variation among the lines in the amount of tissue per fly. The
      magnitude of line effects is, in most cases, considerably larger than the
      magnitude of environmental and measurement error effects, and the line effects
      are approximately continuous in distribution. Variation in the geographic origin
      and karyotype of the chromosomes generally does not contribute to the line
      component of variation, but allozymes provide an important source of variation
      for a few of the enzymes. Many of the enzymes show evidence for variation of
      activity modifiers that are not linked to the structural locus of the enzyme.

PMID- 6818103
TI  - Naturally occurring enzyme activity variation in Drosophila melanogaster. II.
      Relationships among enzymes.
AB  - This report describes an investigation of the specificities of the genetic
      effects, caused by whole chromosome substitution, on the activities of 23 enzymes
      in Drosophila melanogaster. Two types of correlation estimates are examined, the
      product-moment correlation over the chromosome substitution line means and the
      corresponding correlation of line effects, which is a standardized covariance
      component estimate. The two types of correlations give very similar results.
      Although there is ample evidence for specific line effects on individual enzyme
      activities, there are extensive intercorrelations among many of the enzymes for
      both second- and third-chromosome substitution lines. The pattern of correlations
      with respect to the metabolic functions or other properties of the enzymes is
      difficult to visualize by inspection of the correlation matrix, so a multivariate
      graphical technique, the biplot (GABRIEL 1971), was employed to obtain a two
      dimensional view of relationships among the enzyme activities. The second and
      third chromosome lines show similar patterns. Four of the five mitochondrial
      enzymes form one highly intercorrelated group whereas another highly
      intercorrelated group contains several cytosolic enzymes. Within the cytosolic
      group, particularly high correlations are observed between enzymes that have
      glucose 6-phosphate as a substrate or product and between enzymes that are NADP
      dependent. Although the pattern of intercorrelations is not clearly explicable in
      terms of metabolic relationships among the enzymes, there is some tendency for
      enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions or share a substrate or product to
      have correlated activity levels.

PMID- 6818104
TI  - Studies on the sex-specific lethals of Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Gynandromorph
      analysis of three male-specific lethals, mle, msl-2(27) and mle(3)132.
AB  - Mutants at three male-specific lethal loci of Drosophila melanogaster (mle, msl
      2(27) and mle(3)132) were examined by gynandromorph analysis. In all cases only a
      very few gynandromorphs with small X/O patches appeared. Most of these small X/O
      patches were in the abdomen, and the structures in these X/O regions were reduced
      in size. These results indicate that the primary effects of these mutants are not
      on any particular organs or tissues, but rather on individual cells, mle and msl
      2 have been shown by BELOTE and LUCCHESI (1980a) to be defective in dosage
      compensation in X/Y males. We suggest that this dosage-compensation defect
      results in the expression of Minute-like phenotypes in X/O cells, and hence
      results in the death of X/O males and flies with large X/O tissue areas.

PMID- 6818105
TI  - Studies on the sex-specific lethals of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Sex
      transformation caused by interactions between a female-specific lethal, Sxlf 1,
      and the male-specific lethals mle(3)132, msl-2(27), and mle.
AB  - Interactions between a female-specific lethal mutant, Sxlf 1, and each of three
      male-specific lethal mutants, mle(3)132, msl-2(27) and mle, of Drosophila
      melanogaster were observed to produce morphological changes in various sexually
      dimorphic external characters. Chromosomal females heterozygous for Sxlf 1 and
      homozygous for any one of the male-specific lethals (and to a lesser degree
      heterozygous for male-specific lethals) sometimes had sex combs, male-type
      tergites, male-type sternites, male-type anal plates or male-type external
      genitalia. Penetrance was not high and expression was often incomplete; single
      individuals never had all the sexually dimorphic structures transformed. When
      mothers were homozygous for male-specific lethals, higher proportions of female
      progeny were affected than when mothers were heterozygous, suggesting a maternal
      effect.

PMID- 6818106
TI  - Filicidal ring-Y chromosomes in D. melanogaster.
AB  - Ring-Y chromosomes are recovered infrequently from crosses of ring-Y-bearing
      males to females of certain strains (OSTER 1964). Experiments described here have
      unveiled a diverse class of genes that exert a maternal effect on the behavior
      during cleavage of these "filicidal" ring chromosomes. Cytological observations
      of inviable embryos have revealed that the ring-Y chromosome causes gross
      disorganization of the cleavage nuclei. This inviability may be equivalent to the
      "dominant lethality" attributed to unstable ring-X chromosomes (HINTON 1955;
      PASZTOR 1971). Mapping studies indicate that no single region of the normal Y is
      solely responsible for the unusual behavior of ring-Y chromosomes.

PMID- 6818107
TI  - [Effect of substances altering the DNA molecular conformation on plasmid
      transformation, plasmid recombination and plasmid transduction in Bacillus
      subtilis].
AB  - The influence of ethidium bromide, actinomycin D and acridine orange treatment of
      Bacillus subtilis competent cells on plasmid transformation, recombination and
      transduction was studied. The drugs were administered at different times after
      DNA uptake. The yield of plasmid recombinants and transformants was inhibited in
      different ways during the first 30 minutes. Probably, it was the result of
      damaging the synaptic stage of recombination because of DNA conformational
      changes. The effect of drugs on plasmid transduction was significantly lesser.

PMID- 6818108
TI  - [Genetic and phenogenetic study of the ts-mutant group of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      PA01 phage phi KZ].
AB  - A group of ts mutants of phi KZ phage specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
      isolated and studied. A phi KZ phage particle has a unique feature: a specific
      structure as an internal body concerned with DNA packaging which is present in
      the phage capsid. Ts mutants were distributed into complementation groups. The
      time of the development block when grown at elevated temperatures was determined
      for mutants from several groups, the exact stage of the block having been defined
      for some late ts mutants. As was found for ts759, the stage of connection of
      heads containing DNA and the inner body with tails was blocked. The results
      obtained with ts759 allowed to prove the circular location of fibrous material
      (DNA?) around the inner body. The conditions for phage crosses were revealed. The
      genetic map of phi KZ is circular. It may be concluded, considering the linear
      phi KZ DNA structure in capsids, that circular permutations of phage DNA take
      place during phage maturation or DNA packaging.

PMID- 6818109
TI  - [Detection of transduction by virulent bacteriophage phi KZ of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa chromosomal markers in the presence of plasmid RMS148].
AB  - A virulent phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, phi KZ which is able to package DNA
      of 210 MD is a general transducer. The transducing activity of phi KZ can be
      revealed when using recipient bacteria containing RMS148 plasmid (the P7 group of
      incompatibility). This plasmid blocks the development of phi KZ and prevents the
      phage to kill bacteria. General transduction mediated by phi KZ may be useful for
      the primary localization of genetic markers in P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6818110
TI  - [Enterobacterial gene expression of antibiotic resistance under the control of
      Bacillus thuringiensis regulatory signals in gram-negative and gram-positive
      bacteria].
AB  - Two recombinant plasmids pPBT9 and pPBT74 carrying HindIII promoter-active DNA
      fragments of Bacillus thuringiensis onto the vector pGA24 were studied. The
      cloned fragment of pPBT9 plasmid has many homologous regions in Bac.
      thuringiensis genome. This fragment contains three Escherichia coli RNA
      polymerase binding sites, one of which is responsible for promoting tetracycline
      resistance of the promoter-deficient enterobacterial tet gene in E. coli cells.
      The bacillar fragment of pPBT74 plasmid has a single RNA polymerase binding site.
      Plasmids pPBT9 and pPBT74 were joined to the bacillar vectors pBD8 and pBD12 to
      obtain bireplicon plasmids which replicate in E. coli and Bac. subtilis cells.
      The novel bireplicon plasmids pSTS98, pSTS912 and pSTS748 promote the expression
      of the enterobacterial tet gene under control of regulatory signals of cloned DNA
      fragments of Bac. thuringiensis in Bac. subtilis. Bireplicon pSTS228 plasmid
      containing its own enterobacterial promoter of tet gene was not able to express
      tetracycline resistance in Bac. subtilis cells. Most of the bireplicon plasmids
      studied were unstable in Bac. subtilis but not in E. coli cells.

PMID- 6818111
TI  - [Presence of plasmid pBD12 in the heads of Bacillus subtilis defective phage
      PBSX].

PMID- 6818112
TI  - [Settlement of the disagreement between Haldane and Mosso on altitude hypocapnia.
      A contribution on better gas diffusion in hypobaric pressure].

PMID- 6818113
TI  - The potentiating effect of cortisone (prednisolone) on the fibrinolytic and
      clotting factor VIII responses to intravenous infusion of adrenaline in man.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate the effect of the proposed interaction between
      corticosteroids and adrenaline in stressful situations on fibrinolysis and
      coagulation, blood plasminogen activator and clotting factor VIII were measured
      before and after a prolonged adrenaline infusion (3.5 micrograms/min for 30 min)
      in 4 asthmatic patients on long-term corticosteroid (prednisolone) therapy and
      their responses were compared with healthy controls. Asthmatic patients showed
      greater responses of both parameters to adrenaline than controls indicating that
      long-term corticosteroid treatment enhances the acute responses of plasminogen
      activator and clotting factor VIII to adrenaline infusion.

PMID- 6818114
TI  - [Outpatient group therapy and patient compliance].

PMID- 6818115
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of nitrates in the treatment of exertional angina pectoris].

PMID- 6818116
TI  - [Molsidomine in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris].

PMID- 6818117
TI  - Rodlet cells in the teleosts, Oryzias latipes and Salmo gairdneri.

PMID- 6818118
TI  - Cimetidine and prolactin: a study with dihydroergocristine.

PMID- 6818119
TI  - Endocrinological studies of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis during danazol
      treatment in pubertal boys with marked gynecomastia.
AB  - The present paper evaluates the variations of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal
      axis during Danazol treatment in pubertal boys with marked gynecomastia (breast
      size more than 6 cm in diameter). Before treatment a normal sleep-dependent
      gonadotropin increase was found together with a normal response to LHRH
      stimulation. Plasma prolactin increased at sleep as well. Plasma testosterone
      values were normal for pubertal age. During Danazol treatment 200 mg daily for 6
      months basal gonadotropin levels, the sleep related hormone increases as well as
      the response to luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation were
      blunted. Concomitantly, testosterone values decreased to values seen in pubertal
      stage II-III. After 6 months of therapy, 4 of 5 boys treated so far, demonstrated
      a reduction of the gynecomastia to a maximum of 3 cm in diameter. In 1 boy
      Danazol treatment was finished after 3 months. Because of increased psychological
      problems a mastectomy was performed. 6 months after cessation of Danazol
      treatment a normal sleep dependent gonadotropin rhythm and a normal response to
      LHRH was found again demonstrating a normalization of the physiologic sleep
      related gonadotropin rhythms. Plasma testosterone levels nearly increased to
      values seen before treatment. From the clinical aspect there were no signs of a
      recurrence of the marked pubertal gynecomastia in all boys treated with Danazol.
      These results indicate that Danazol is a specific gonadotropin inhibitor acting
      at the hypothalamo-pituitary level. No side effects on other hormones or on the
      development of secondary sex characteristics were noted during and after Danazol
      treatment.

PMID- 6818120
TI  - Calcium activation of pancreatic islet mitochondrial glycerol phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6818121
TI  - Hypothalamo-hypophyso-gonadal response to clomiphene citrate at median high
      altitude.

PMID- 6818122
TI  - A 'cured' infection that proved fatal.

PMID- 6818123
TI  - Cardiac ultrasonic tissue characterization.
AB  - This new variation on an old technique can actually define the physical state of
      a tissue--not merely visualize its size and motion. Clinical use awaits
      technologic refinements, but potential applications include noninvasive detection
      of amyloid protein, of myofibrillar disorientation characteristic of idiopathic
      hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and of various kinds of vascular pathology.

PMID- 6818124
TI  - Early recognition of primary cutaneous melanoma.
AB  - The rising incidence of this once uniformly lethal disease presents a special
      challenge to the primary physician--how to distinguish early, surgically curable
      melanoma from benign pigmented lesions. Simple visual criteria can identify more
      than 90% of the primary melanomas among suspected lesions. And treatment at the
      superficially invasive stage carries a 95% five-year survival rate.

PMID- 6818125
TI  - Tubulointerstitial nephropathies.
AB  - Significant tubulointerstitial disease is multifactorial in origin, and two or
      more causes may coexist in the same patient. Since removal of the responsible
      agent or agents is often curative, careful etiologic diagnosis is essential to
      effective management. Etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms, therapeutic
      regimens, and prognosis for several of the various forms of the disease are
      discussed.

PMID- 6818126
TI  - The Cheno Cooperative Study: its meaning for gallstone treatment.

PMID- 6818127
TI  - The case of the semistuporous young woman.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman, who has been living alone, is found by a friend in a
      confused condition and is brought to the hospital emergency room. No history of
      drug ingestion can be elicited from the friend. The general physical examination
      is unremarkable. The patient is responsive but semistuporous, unable to give a
      coherent history. The ECG is shown.

PMID- 6818128
TI  - Nephrolithiasis and hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism develop kidney stones; others,
      bone disease. The dichotomy is explained by a bihormonal pathophysiology.

PMID- 6818129
TI  - Infection and stroke following mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 6818130
TI  - Nutritional pathology.

PMID- 6818131
TI  - Apolipoprotein AIMarburg: studies on two kindreds with a mutant of human
      apolipoprotein AI.
AB  - Three probands heterozygous for a mutant of apolipoprotein AI (apo AIMarburg,
      Utermann et al. 1982a) were detected by screening of 2282 unrelated individuals
      resulting an a frequency estimate of about 1/750 in the German population. All
      three probands with apo AIMarburg had hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride above
      250 mg/dl) and subnormal HDL-cholesterol (below 30 mg/dl), but no other
      lipoprotein abnormalities. The kindreds of two probands with AIMarburg were
      studied. The family data are consistent with an autosomal codominant inheritance
      of the trait. A total of 16 heterozygous blood relatives with the mutant
      AIMarburg were detected in these kindreds. Analysis of the plasma lipid and
      lipoprotein levels in relation to the apo AI phenotype was complicated by the
      high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease in one kindred and of
      hyperlipidemia in both kindreds. No consistent relationship between plasma lipid
      and lipoprotein levels, and the mutant apo AI could be demonstrated. Instead the
      mutant apo AI and the dyslipoproteinemia seem to co-exist independently in these
      kindreds. Three sibs with the homozygous apo E-2/2 phenotype were detected in one
      kindred, and all three sibs had subnormal LDL-cholesterol and beta-VLDL, e.g.,
      the lipoprotein abnormality characterizing primary dysbetalipoproteinemia.
      Genetic apo E phenotypes and the apo AI mutant segregated independently,
      indicating that the structural gene loci for apo E and apo AI are not closely
      linked.

PMID- 6818132
TI  - Agenesis of corpus callosum, ocular, and skeletal anomalies (X-linked dominant
      Aicardi's syndrome) in a girl with balanced X/3 translocation.
AB  - Aicardi's syndrome, which is characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum,
      specific chorioretinal abnormalities, and defects of vertebrae and ribs, is
      considered a probable X-linked dominant trait with male lethality. All features
      of this syndrome were seen in a girl with a de novo balanced X/3 translocation
      (46,X,t(X;3)(p22;q12)). It is hypothesized that the clinical picture is the
      consequence of chromosome breakage within the Aicardi locus. Then, unusual X
      inactivation patterns in blood and fibroblasts of this patient can be explained
      by somatic selection against cells with the Aicardi phenotype.

PMID- 6818133
TI  - Evidence for the deficiency of beta-glucosidase-activating factor in fibroblasts
      of patients with I-cell disease.
AB  - Reduced activity of beta-glucosidase was shown in the cultured skin fibroblasts
      of four patients with I-cell disease when the enzyme was tested without the use
      of detergents. In the presence of taurocholate and triton X100 beta-glucosidase
      activity was normal. This suggested a deficiency of a beta-glucosidase activating
      factor in I-cell fibroblasts rather than of the enzyme itself. The deficiency of
      beta-glucosidase activity was corrected to some extent by mixing cell lysates,
      and more effectively by cocultivation and fusion of I-cell disease and Gaucher
      fibroblasts. These results present evidence for the presence of a beta
      glucosidase-activating factor in normal and Gaucher fibroblasts. In fibroblasts
      of patients with I-cell disease this activator is probably deficient, as is the
      case for most lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 6818134
TI  - Abnormal blood group galactosyltransferase in blood type A1B-subjects whose sera
      contain anti-B agglutinin.
AB  - A blood type A1B female, whose plasma agglutinates B red blood cells from other
      subjects but not her own, was found. Her sister with blood type A1B (sister-1)
      exhibited the same peculiarity. The agglutination titer of red cells from these
      two subjects is lower than that of normal B. Her father is blood type B, and his
      plasma did not agglutinate B red cells from other subjects and his own. Her
      mother and another sister (sister-2) were usual blood type A1. Blood group
      galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) activity of plasma from the propositus, sister
      1, and their father was very low. Km for 2'-fucosyllactose of B-enzyme of these
      subjects was 1.3 mM, which was more than two times higher than that of the normal
      value. Km for UDP-Gal was similar, but the pH-activity profile differed for the
      two enzymes. Red cell membranes from her father contained about 70%
      ungalactosylated H-sites, whereas, virtually all H-sites are galactosylated in
      the usual B red cell membranes. The blood group ABH components are known to be
      heterogeneous. Because of the abnormal B-enzyme with low activity and low
      substrate affinity, some H components might not be galactosylated, particularly
      in A1B cases (i.e., the propositus and her sister-1), due to competition by A1
      enzyme. The lack of certain B components is likely to be the cause of the
      existence of the anti-B agglutinin in their sera.

PMID- 6818135
TI  - Diet for cancer patients--tube--feeding formulations.

PMID- 6818136
TI  - Lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity following in vitro culture of normal
      lymphocytes in medium containing 2-mercaptoethanol.
AB  - Cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity resulting from the in vitro incubation of
      normal lymphocytes was assessed using nonspecific lectin-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (LDCC) as a measure of overall reactivity. Spleen cells from non
      immune C57BL/6 mice were incubated in vitro in RPM1-1640 supplemented with 10%
      fetal calf serum and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME). Cytotoxicity was assayed against
      syngeneic Cr51-labeled EL-4 cells in the presence of Con A or PHA. Optimal LDCC
      was observed after 8 days of culture in the presence of 5 X 10(-5) M 2ME.
      Cytotoxicity was mediated by an activated T-lymphocyte population whose
      development did not appear to require macrophages. Usually LDCC in the presence
      of PHA was significantly greater than that obtained in the presence of Con A. The
      presence of 2ME during the initial phase of culture was crucial for the
      development of cytotoxicity, since early removal of 2ME after 1 or 3 days of
      culture did not alter the subsequent development of cytotoxicity, whereas delayed
      addition of 2ME on day 1 or 3 failed to produce cytotoxic reactivity. This rapid
      conversion from a 2ME sensitive state to a 2ME insensitive state may be related
      to a rapid loss of accessory cell viability during the early phase of culture.
      Together the results indicate that this system may provide a useful model for the
      investigation of the events leading to the development of CTL in vitro.

PMID- 6818137
TI  - Conglutination and haemolysis of unsensitized human erythrocytes by bovine serum
      complement.
AB  - Unsensitized human erythrocytes (E) were haemolyzed by bovine serum to a titre of
      1:16-1:32. In the single dilution beyond the haemolytic endpoint, the cells were
      conglutinated. In dilutions in which haemolysis occurred, cells were
      conglutinated before being lyzed. With no or minimal haemolysis, conglutination
      to 1:32-1:64 occurred in tests using insulin-absorbed serum, serum heated at 50
      degrees C for 30 min and in tests incubated at 4 degrees C for 30 min. In two
      stage tests, EDTA and Mg2+-EGTA prevented bovine C sensitization of human E for
      conglutination by bovine serum heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min. EDTA prevented
      haemolysis, but haemolysis to 1:16-1:32 occurred with serum dilutions containing
      Mg2+-EGTA. Haemolytic activity was restored to serum heated at 50 degrees C by a
      factor B-containing fraction. Conglutination and haemolysis were blocked by
      heating serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min and were reduced to low titres by
      absorbing serum with zymosan. These results strongly suggest that the
      conglutination reaction involved the classical activation pathway whereas the
      haemolytic reaction involved the alternative activation pathway. Thus, with
      dilutions of untreated or treated bovine serum, two C-dependent reactions and the
      pathways involved can be demonstrated by using unsensitized human E as an
      indicator system.

PMID- 6818138
TI  - Biochemical documentation of allelic variation of the I-E antigens of the d, k,
      p, r, and u haplotypes.
AB  - The extent of allelic variation of the E alpha and E beta polypeptide chains of
      the I-E antigens from the H-2d, H-2k, H-2p, H-2r, and H-2u haplotypes is
      described. E alpha and E beta chains were individually labeled with arginine or
      lysine and compared by tryptic peptide analysis. The results indicate minimum
      variability among the E alpha polypeptides encoded by the d, k, p, and r
      haplotypes. However, the Eu alpha chain differed significantly from the other
      allelic E alpha gene products. On the other hand, the E beta alleles demonstrated
      substantial variability with the Ed beta being notably less similar to the other
      alleles than they are to each other. These findings are consistent with a number
      of observations regarding the serology and functions of the I-E antigens.

PMID- 6818139
TI  - Involvement of Mhc loci in immune responses that are not Ir-gene-controlled.
AB  - Twenty-nine randomly chosen, soluble antigens, many of them highly complex, were
      used to immunize mice of two strains, C3H and B10.RIII. Lymph node cells from the
      immunized mice were restimulated in vitro with the priming antigens and the
      proliferative responses of the cells was determined. Both strains were responders
      to 28 of 29 antigens. Eight antigens were then used to immunize 11 congenic
      strains carrying different H-2 haplotypes, and the T-cell proliferative responses
      of these strains were determined. Again, all the strains responded to seven of
      the eight antigens. These experiments were then repeated, but this time
      antibodies specific for the A (A alpha A beta) or E (E alpha E beta) molecules
      were added to the culture to block the in vitro responsiveness. In all but one of
      the responses, inhibition with both A-specific and E-specific antibodies was
      observed. The response to one antigen (Blastomyces) was exceptional in that some
      strains were nonresponders to this antigen. Furthermore, the response in the
      responder strains was blocked with A-specific, but not with E-specific,
      antibodies. The study demonstrates that responses to antigens not controlled by
      Ir genes nevertheless require participation of class II Mhc molecules. In
      contrast to Ir gene-controlled responses involving either the A- or the E
      molecule controlling loci (but never both), the responses not Ir-controlled
      involve participation of both A- and E-controlling loci. The lack of IR-gene
      control is probably the result of complexity of the responses to multiple
      determinants. There is thus no principal difference between responses controlled
      and those not controlled by IR genes: both types involve the recognition of the
      antigen, in the context of Mhc molecules.

PMID- 6818140
TI  - Non-A non-B antigen and antibody detection by agar gel diffusion.

PMID- 6818141
TI  - Binding of ethylene diamine tetra acetate to erythrocyte cell membranes.

PMID- 6818142
TI  - Cardiac pathology in classical and marasmic kwashiorkor.

PMID- 6818143
TI  - Induction of the drug-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 6818144
TI  - Induction of phagocytic inhibitory activity in cats with chronic Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa pulmonary infection.
AB  - Chronic pulmonary infection has been established in cats by repeated
      intrapulmonary inoculation of viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa enmeshed in agarose
      beads. In the serum of all chronically infected animals, a substance(s) developed
      which inhibited phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by normal cat alveolar macrophages.
      Phagocytosis was measured by incubating macrophage monolayers (5 X 10(5) alveolar
      macrophages) for 20 min in the presence of 3H-labeled bacteria and 5% serum from
      control or infected animals. Inhibitory activity developed 4 to 16 weeks after
      initial infection, and inhibition of phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa in the
      presence of infected cat serum ranged from 30 to 79%. After inhibitory activity
      developed, it persisted throughout the remainder of the experiment in each
      animal. The activity was specific for P. aeruginosa of the infecting serotype and
      did not affect phagocytosis of gram-positive organisms. Inhibitory activity was
      unchanged by heating serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min. We have previously
      described a P. aeruginosa-specific, heat-stable, phagocytosis-inhibitory activity
      in the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. Since inhibitory activity also
      develops in cats with chronic P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, such activity
      may not be a primary intrinsic abnormality in patients with cystic fibrosis. The
      animal model described here offers a system for following the development of and
      for characterization of the P. aeruginosa-specific phagocytosis-inhibitory
      activity.

PMID- 6818145
TI  - Generation of chemotactic factors by Rhizopus oryzae in the presence and absence
      of serum: relationship to hyphal damage mediated by human neutrophils and effects
      of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
AB  - As our previous studies had shown that human neutrophils could kill Rhizopus
      oryzae hyphae in vitro, interactions of these hyphae with neutrophils and serum
      were further explored. Heated or fresh normal human sera suppressed hyphal
      metabolic activity as determined by [14C]uracil uptake, but severe ketoacidosis
      (8 X 10(-3) M beta-hydroxybutyric acid plus 2 X 10(-3) M acetoacetic acid at pH
      7.0) negated this effect. Hyperglycemia (500 mg/dl) and severe ketoacidosis did
      not affect damage to hyphae by human neutrophils. Hyphae generated factors from
      sera which induced comparable chemotactic responses by neutrophils obtained from
      both normal and diabetic subjects, using a leading front assay performed in
      modified Boyden chambers. Zymosan-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis was marginally
      depressed only by the combined elevation of both glucose (500 mg/dl) and
      ketoacids (10(-2)M) irrespective of pH (7.0 to 7.4), but not by any of these
      factors alone. Protein-containing supernatants from live or killed hyphae were
      chemotactic in the absence of serum based upon "checkerboard" assays varying the
      concentrations of hyphal supernatants above and below filters in the Boyden
      chambers. The supernatant-induced chemotactic response by neutrophils from
      diabetic subjects was minimally less than that of normal neutrophils (P less than
      0.05). These findings indicate that R. oryzae hyphae can generate chemotactic
      factors which might prove to influence the inflammatory response to infections in
      vivo, and that severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis might affect interaction
      between the host and invading hyphae in mucormycosis.

PMID- 6818146
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii
      infections in mice.
AB  - Studies of the effect of pregnancy on the capacity of mice to resist Listeria
      monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii infection revealed significantly diminished
      resistance of pregnant mice to infection by both agents as measured by mortality.
      The development of immunity to listeria was assessed by studying the kinetics of
      listeria growth in the livers and spleens of virgin and pregnant mice infected
      intravenously with a sublethal dose of listeria. In both virgin and pregnant mice
      there was a rise in the number of listeria colony-forming units per organ during
      the first 3 days after infection. Thereafter, there was a decline in colony
      forming units in these organs in virgin mice but a persistence of listeria in
      spleens and livers of pregnant mice. Paradoxically, during the first 3 days after
      infection, listeria counts in spleens of virgin mice were significantly higher
      than those in pregnant mice. Nonspecific resistance to listeria conferred by
      chronic infection with T. gondii was significantly diminished in pregnant mice
      when measured by mortality and quantitative cultures of listeria in livers and
      spleens. These studies demonstrate a remarkably decreased resistance of pregnant
      mice to two intracellular organisms and a diminished capacity of pregnant mice to
      develop immunity to listeria. This decrease in resistance may play an important
      role in congenital transmission of these organisms.

PMID- 6818147
TI  - Class-specific antibody response to group B Neisseria meningitidis capsular
      polysaccharide: use of polylysine precoating in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for measuring immunoglobulin
      class-specific antibodies to Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharides. The
      polysaccharides were fixed to the solid phase by precoating the polystyrene
      surface with basic polyamino acids. Polylysine precoating was found to give
      optimal antibody values with the meningococcal polysaccharides studied. The
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure antibodies against group B
      meningococcal polysaccharide in healthy adults and in patients with group B
      meningitis. Antibodies to group B polysaccharide in sera obtained from healthy
      adults were primarily immunoglobulin M (IgM). Although the antibody response to
      disease was mostly IgM, both IgG and IgM antibodies increased. Infection with
      group B organisms stimulated anti-group B polysaccharide antibodies even in young
      patients, aged 6 to 7 months, and the magnitude of the B polysaccharide response
      increased with the age of the patient.

PMID- 6818148
TI  - Loss of virulence associated with absence of flagellum in an isogenic mutant of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the burned-mouse model.
AB  - To test the importance of flagella as a virulence factor, virulent strain
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa M-2 was mutagenized, and a Fla mutant was isolated. An M-2
      Fla spontaneous motile revertant was isolated from M-2 Fla. The three strains
      were biochemically and morphologically identical. Assay of Fla in the burned
      mouse model showed a severe loss of virulence. The Fla revertant was fully
      virulent. The importance of P. aeruginosa motility (flagella) for virulence in
      burns infections is indicated.

PMID- 6818149
TI  - Enhanced phagocytic response of macrophages to bacteria by physical impact caused
      by bacterial motility or centrifugation.
AB  - The mechanism of enhanced phagocytic and chemiluminescent responses of
      macrophages caused by bacterial motility (T. Tomita, E. Blumenstock, and S.
      Kanegasaki, Infect. Immun. 32:1242, 1981) was studied. Both responses increased
      up to a certain level with an increased number of motile bacteria, such as
      Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, added. In
      contrast, only a slight increase was observed with the motility (mot) mutants of
      these bacteria, even when 4,000 bacteria per single macrophage were added. If
      nonmotile bacteria were centrifuged together with a monolayer culture of
      macrophages, the number of bacteria ingested per macrophage increased
      dramatically. This phenomenon was not observed in the presence of cytochalasin B
      or at a low temperature, and about half of the associated bacteria were killed
      within 30 min of prolonged incubation, indicating that the bacteria were not
      simply embedded on the macrophage surface. An observed biphasic increase of
      ingestion with an increase in centrifugal force suggested the existence of a
      threshold velocity for efficient phagocytosis. The minimum centrifugal force
      required for maximal response was determined under the conditions in which
      equalized collision frequency between bacteria and macrophages was maintained
      when different centrifugal forces were employed. From the value obtained (5 x g),
      the required rate of movement was calculated as approximately 2.5 microns/s,
      supposing that the bacterium is spherical and has a 1-micron radius. This value
      is much lower than the velocity of movement of motile bacteria (20 to 50
      microns/s). The results indicate that physical impact caused by bacterial
      motility is enough to induce a high response of macrophages.

PMID- 6818150
TI  - Regulatory interactions between macrophages and T-cell subsets in Listeria
      monocytogenes-specific T-cell activation.
AB  - Peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes from Listeria monocytogenes-immune mice in the
      presence of the homologous antigen (heat-killed L. monocytogenes) and normal
      macrophages showed L. monocytogenes-specific proliferative responses.
      Proliferation was inhibited by macrophages from L. monocytogenes- or
      Corynebacterium parvum-pretreated mice as well as by exogenous prostaglandin
      E(2). Macrophage-dependent inhibition of T-cell proliferation-at least in part
      could be reversed by addition of indomethacin. When selected L. monocytogenes
      immune Lyt T-cell subsets were cultured in the presence of inhibitory
      macrophages, pretreatment with anti-Lyt 1 antiserum plus complement completely
      abrogated proliferation and pretreatment with anti-Lyt 2 and anti-Lyt 3 antisera
      plus complement markedly reduced proliferation. However, a mixture (1:1) of the
      two preselected Lyt T-cell subsets resulted in complete reconstitution of
      proliferative responses. In contrast, when L. monocytogenes-immune peritoneal
      exudate T lymphocytes were treated with anti-Lyt antisera plus complement after
      culture, only treatment with anti-Lyt 1 antiserum plus complement affected
      proliferation, suggesting regulatory interactions between Lyt 1(+)23(-) and Lyt
      1(-)23(+) T cells during in vitro culture which result in proliferation within
      the Lyt 1(+)23(-) T-cell subset. After rigorous depletion of residual macrophages
      and in the presence of indomethacin, pretreatment with anti-Lyt 1 antiserum plus
      complement, but not with anti-Lyt 2 and 3 antisera plus complement, eliminated
      proliferation. The data presented indicate that interactions between macrophages
      and Lyt T-cell subsets regulate L. monocytogenes-specific T-cell activation.

PMID- 6818151
TI  - Suppression of tuberculoimmunity in mice by Evans blue dye.
AB  - Evans blue dye, which acts as an adjuvant in mice to promote induction of cell
      mediated immunity, was found earlier to apparently act contrarily and decrease
      tuberculoimmunity. This phenomenon was investigated here in a long-term
      experiment examining the persistence of the suppressed immunity. Systemic
      suppression after injection of only 1 mg of dye was confirmed and was found to
      last for more than 2 weeks but less than 11 weeks. Localized evidence for dye
      caused depression of tuberculoimmunity also was seen by the development in dye
      injected mice immunized with emulsified whole bacilli of caseating tubercles at
      sites of pulmonary infection, a very rare type of pathology for tuberculosis in
      mice. The experiment, in addition, detected an aging-related decline in mice of
      resistance to tuberculosis evident by shortened survival, enlarged pulmonary
      tubercles, and increased susceptibility to systemic tuberculin reaction.

PMID- 6818152
TI  - The effect of short-term cefoxitin prophylaxis on the colonic microflora in
      patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
AB  - Cefoxitin was administered intravenously to 11 patients undergoing colorectal
      surgery; the initial dose was 2 g given at the induction of anesthesia followed
      by two 2 g doses at intervals of six hours. Serum samples and faecal specimens
      were taken to determine the cefoxitin concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut
      wall were obtained at surgery. The serum concentrations 15 min after
      administration ranged from 106.6 to 664.0 mg/l [mean: 295.8 +/- 61.0 (SE) mg/l].
      Cefoxitin concentrations in the faecal samples were between 0 and 57.7 mg/kg.
      Cefoxitin concentrations in the tissue samples varied from 9.0 to 68.3 mg/kg.
      Faecal samples were also obtained during the investigation period for the
      cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Enterobacteria decreased and
      enterococci increased during the first two days. Anaerobic cocci and gram
      negative rods also decreased during the same period. The colonic microflora
      returned to normal after two weeks in all patients and no new colonizing
      cefoxitin-resistant bacteria were isolated. No postoperative infections occurred.

PMID- 6818154
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis treated with an azlocillin combination.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis following trauma or surgery is associated with
      a high mortality rate. This high rate is explained both by tissue damage which
      leads to infection and by the failure of antibacterial therapy. The latter is due
      to the relatively resistant microorganism and the insufficient penetration of
      antibiotics into the CSF. We are reporting the successful therapy of a case of
      postoperative P. aeruginosa meningitis treated with the combination of azlocillin
      and gentamicin administered systemically together with intraventricular
      gentamicin.

PMID- 6818155
TI  - Combined action of decreasing concentrations of azlocillin and sisomicin on
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa as assessed in a dynamic in vitro model.
AB  - The effect of decreasing concentrations of azlocillin and sisomicin on
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. Logarithmically growing bacterial cultures
      were incubated in an ultrafiltration cell, and after adding the antibiotics, the
      culture medium was diluted every 20 min without any decrease in cell density. The
      turn-over of medium resulted in the elimination of azlocillin with a half-life of
      75 min. This simulated serum kinetics in vivo. When testing sisomicin, small
      amounts of this agent were added during every dilution step to achieve a half
      life of 120 min. Growth conditions were comparable in all experiments. The
      simultaneous combination of azlocillin and sisomicin resulted in strong synergism
      as assessed by higher killing rates and more prolonged growth inhibition of
      surviving bacteria. Comparable results were observed when both drugs were added
      at intervals of 40 min. When applied at intervals of 120 min, the combined effect
      of azlocillin and sisomicin was reduced, but still superior to the effect of
      double the concentration of each compound alone. Thus, neither pre-treatment with
      azlocillin nor with sisomicin impaired the antibacterial activity of the
      combination partner. This seems to be of clinical importance since the agents may
      be administered at different times during combined therapy.

PMID- 6818156
TI  - Comparative activity of six beta-lactam antibiotics against strains of
      Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin G, ampicillin,
      mezlocillin, azlocillin, cephalothin and cefoxitin were determined for 47 strains
      of Haemophilus influenzae, 68 strains of Neisseria meningitidis and 45 strains of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae. These strains were isolated during the past three years
      from patients with acute bacterial meningitis. Three strains of H. influenzae
      were ampicillin-resistant while no pneumococcus or meningococcus strain was
      penicillin-resistant. Mezlocillin was the most potent antibiotic against the
      Haemophilus and pneumococcus strains, followed closely by azlocillin. Mezlocillin
      inhibited 77.7% of the meningococci strains tested at a concentration of 0.03
      mg/l. Penicillin G was the most effective of the drugs against these strains. It
      inhibited 100% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The cephalosporins were the least
      active of the six beta-lactam antibiotics tested.

PMID- 6818153
TI  - [N-formimidoyl-thienamycin: in vitro activity in bacteria with resistance to beta
      lactam antibiotics or gentamicin].
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal
      concentration (MBC) of N-formimidoyl-thienamycin were determined for 25 strains
      each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia
      marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant to gentamicin and/or
      acylureido penicillins or cefotaxime, cefoperazone or moxalactam, and for 38
      strains of the group D streptococci. The drug was very active against the most
      frequently encountered gram-negative resistant causative organisms of nosocomial
      infections. The MIC ranged from 0.25-1 mg/l for multiresistant
      Enterobacteriaceae, and from 0.5-4 mg/l for multiresistant P. aeruginosa. The
      group D streptococci (enterococci) showed a low MIC (median: 0.75 mg/l); the
      median of the MBC was greater than 64 mg/l, however.

PMID- 6818157
TI  - The in vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against gentamicin and/or
      carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
AB  - We studied the behaviour of 56 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains against the following beta-lactam antibiotics: cefotaxime, cefoperazone,
      cefsulodin, lamoxactam, Ro 13-9904, azlocillin, mezlocillin and ticarcillin.
      Twenty-six strains were resistant to gentamicin and 30 to gentamicin and/or
      carbenicillin. The MICs were measured by the serial dilution test on solid agar.
      Cefsulodin was the most active cephalosporin against carbenicillin-resistant
      strains (MIC greater than or equal to 128 mg/l); it inhibited 56.6% of these
      strains at a concentration of 8 mg/l. Azlocillin was the most active penicillin,
      inhibiting 79.96% of the same strains at a concentration of 64 mg/l. Cefsulodin
      was the most active cephalosporin against the gentamicin-resistant group of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (MIC greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) which were
      sensitive to carbenicillin (MIC less than or equal to 64 mg/l). It inhibited 100%
      of the strains at a concentration of 4 mg/l. All of the penicillins studied
      inhibited all of the strains in this group. The required concentrations were the
      following: 16 mg/l for azlocillin, 32 mg/l for mezlocillin and 64 mg/l for
      ticarcillin.

PMID- 6818158
TI  - Activity and synergy of ureido penicillins and aminoglycosides against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The in vitro activities of piperacillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, sulbenicillin
      and ticarcillin were compared with those of carbenicillin using 88 clinical
      isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)
      and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by standard
      techniques. The MIC for 90% of the strains was 7.5 mg/l for piperacillin, 10.0
      mg/l for azlocillin, 26.5 mg/l for mezlocillin, 48.4 mg/l for sulbenicillin, 50.0
      mg/l for ticarcillin and more than 100 mg/l for carbenicillin. The MBC/MIC ratio
      was 1.3 for piperacillin, 1.9 for ticarcillin, 2.1 for sulbenicillin, 3.3 for
      mezlocillin and 4.5 for azlocillin. The susceptibilities of the same strains to
      four aminoglycosides were tested. The MIC for 90% of the strains was 0.3 mg/l for
      sisomicin and tobramycin, 1.5 mg/l for amikacin, and 2.2 mg/l for gentamicin. The
      effect of combining piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin with gentamicin,
      tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin was studied using checkerboard titration. The
      highest degrees of synergy were found with the combinations of piperacillin and
      an aminoglycoside. Strong potentiation was observed in 85% of the strains with
      piperacillin - sisomicin and in 50% with piperacillin - gentamicin. The
      synergistic effects of azlocillin and mezlocillin in combination with an
      aminoglycoside (observed in 30-65% of the strains) were for the most part
      moderate or slight. No antagonism was observed.

PMID- 6818159
TI  - Iminodiacetate complexes of technetium: an electrochemical study.
AB  - Iminodiacetate complexes of technetium are used extensively in diagnostic medical
      imaging, but their chemical structure and properties are yet uncertain. We
      studied formation of technetium-99 complexes with diethylenetetraminepentaacetate
      (DPTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetate (ADA),
      and N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbomoylmethyl)iminodiacetate (HIDA) by tast (sampled
      DC) polarography, reverse-pulse polarography, controlled-potential coulometry,
      and amperometric titration. The products, often mixtures, varied with reaction
      conditions and ligand; this can explain apparent contradictions in previous
      studies.

PMID- 6818161
TI  - The influence of the method of preparation of the bone scanning agent
      99mTc(Sn)EHDP on its tissue distribution in the rat.
AB  - The tissue distribution in the rat of the bone scanning agent 99mTc(Sn)EHDP is
      investigated by three methods, viz. by dissecting the animals 3 and 24 h post
      injection, by scanning the animals with a rectilinear scanner and by whole body
      autoradiography, particular of micro-sections of the skeleton. The effect of
      varying the experimental conditions in the preparation of the bone scanning agent
      (pH and concentrations of Sn(II) and EHDP) is investigated. In some of the
      experiments additional amounts of Sn(II) and EHDP are added to the reaction
      mixture after the preparation of the bone scanning agent. In this way the
      influence of the Sn(II) and EHDP concentrations on the composition of the bone
      scanning agent, and their influence as such on tissue uptake can be separately
      investigated. The 99mTc-uptake in bone is compared with the distribution of the
      99mTc over the two main products in the reaction mixture, viz. 99mTc(IV)-Sn-EHDP2
      and 99mTc(IV)-Sn-EHDP. In addition, the stability in vitro of some of the
      preparations in urine and plasma and the in vivo binding of the 99mTc to plasma
      proteins are determined. A procedure for the preparation of the bone scanning
      agent is recommended.

PMID- 6818160
TI  - In vivo distributions of some component fractions of Tc(NaBH4)-HEDP mixtures
      separated by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography has been utilized to
      separate the component Tc-HEDP complexes of "carrier added" as well as "no
      carrier added" 99mTc(NaBH4)-HEDP reaction mixtures. The chromatographically
      separated "carrier added" Tc-HEDP components exhibit distinctly different
      biodistributions which are directly related to the chromatographic
      characteristics of the individual components. The Tc-HEDP complexes with shortest
      retention times, and therefore the lowest negative "charge density" have the
      maximum uptake on the bone, minimum uptake in the kidney, and fastest blood
      clearance.

PMID- 6818162
TI  - Prolactin and certain obstetric stress conditions.
AB  - Prolactin levels were evaluated during certain stress conditions, obstetric or
      gynecologic surgical interventions, labor, and birth. In 68 patients undergoing
      voluntary abortion, prolactin levels were measured to study the effect of
      anesthetics and of dilatation and curettage on hormonal secretion. Prolactin
      levels were evaluated in five patients undergoing elective cesarean section and
      in five post-menopausal patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with
      bilateral oophorectomy. Moreover, prolactin concentration in serial samples of
      blood was estimated in 32 normal patients with spontaneous vaginal delivery at
      term and in 16 newborns at term after 30-60 and 120 min following birth.
      Prolactin responsiveness to TRH was evaluated in 12 newborns at the 4th day of
      life. Plasma prolactin levels rose in all the stress conditions investigated
      except in labor, during which hormone levels showed a decrease starting 2 h
      before delivery and reaching the lowest value 1 h prior. From this moment on
      there was a remarkable rise in prolactin concentration, with a peak 1 h after
      delivery. The decrease in prolactin levels during labor could possibly be due to
      an increase in dopaminergic activity. Moreover, the finding of no variation of
      prolactin levels during induced abortion in a group of patients pretreated with
      methysergide supports the view that the serotoninergic system also affects
      prolactin release.

PMID- 6818163
TI  - Correlation of the bioavailability of diazepam from uncoated tablets in beagle
      dogs with its dissolution rate and bioavailability in humans.
AB  - The bioavailability of diazepam (I) in uncoated tablets in beagles was tested
      using tablets tested previously in humans. The correlations of the dissolution
      rates and bioavailabilities of these tablets in humans and beagles were examined.
      The plasma level of N-desmethyldiazepam (II), the main metabolite of I, was used
      as an index of bioavailability after p.o. administration of uncoated tablets of
      I, because I is rapidly metabolized. Thus the plasma level of I is very low, and
      AUCs (areas under plasma level-time curves) calculated from plasma levels of II
      were related to the dose of I (2-10 mg). With different tablets, the rates and
      extents of bioavailability of I differed significantly in beagles, but only the
      rate of bioavailability showed significant differences in humans. The rank orders
      of tablets, based on the blood levels of II soon after p.o. administration of the
      tablets were the same, but other parameters of bioavailability of I in the
      tablets were quite different in beagles and humans. Consequently, there was no
      significant correlation between the bioavailabilities of I in beagles and humans.
      The gastric fluid of beagles is almost neutral, and the bioavailabilities of the
      tablets in beagles correlated well with the dissolution rates of I determined at
      pH 4.6, but not at pH 1.2. The differences in the bioavailabilities of I in
      humans and beagles were attributed to differences in transit time in the
      gastrointestinal tract and/or in the volume of the gastrointestinal fluid.

PMID- 6818165
TI  - CH50 and C3 component of complement in Hansen's disease.
AB  - Although a variety of complement values have been reported in leprosy, we found
      no difference in the CH50 and C3 in the sera of 30 normal persons and 233
      lepromatous patients. No statistically significant difference was observed in
      CH50 and C3 values between healthy controls and lepromatous patients taken as a
      whole or separated into the different types of the disease spectrum (P greater
      than 0.1). A statistical difference in C3 titers was found between health
      controls and borderline patients (P less than 0.05 greater than 0.01) but the
      sample number is too small to be valid. An important number of sera tested had
      low and an equally important number had high complement values. Sera with high
      and low values are important because high values are found in acute inflammatory
      reactions and low values demonstrate complement activation. Discrepancies in
      reported results are probably due not only to differences in the methods used,
      storage and limited number of sera tested, but mainly to the stage of the disease
      and the drug's administration.

PMID- 6818164
TI  - Evaluation of FCB, BDP, and DSCG in allergen inhalation challenge test.
AB  - The protective effect of a new inhaled steroid, fluocortin butyl (FCB), was
      compared to that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and beclomethasone dipropionate
      (BDP) in patients with extrinsic asthma by means of the allergen-inhalation
      challenge test. Three different groups of 12 patients each participated in the
      study. One group was treated with FCB and BDP, the two others with FCB and DSCG,
      all in a randomized crossover study plan. After an initial allergen challenge
      (FEV1 fall greater than 15%), the patients were allocated to either treatment for
      7-10 days. A second challenge test was then carried out, followed by a washout
      period of 4 days. The treatments were then crossed-over, and a third allergen
      challenge was carried out at the end of the second treatment period. With BDP 5
      of 12 patients were protected; with FCB, 6 of 12 in two groups and 8 of 12
      patients in a third group. With DSCG 3 of 12 patients were protected in the group
      in which the last medication was given 12 h before challenge, and 8 of 12
      patients in the second group in which medication was given 1-2 h before
      challenge. In the same groups on FCB no such time-dependent effect was observed.
      No statistically significant differences were found between either FCB and BDP,
      or FCB and DSCG in either group.

PMID- 6818166
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia. The relationship of its pathogenesis to its clinical
      characteristics.

PMID- 6818167
TI  - The oral effects of prolonged intermaxillary fixation by interdental eyelet
      wiring.
AB  - The oral effects of prolonged intermaxillary fixation were investigated in 106
      severely obese patients who had been jaw wired as an aid to weight loss. The
      principal complications during fixation were episodes of periodontal pain and
      tooth mobility (40%). After removal of fixation, the principal sequelae were
      residual periodontal problems (9%) and mandibular limitation (9%). These findings
      were confirmed in a subgroup of 11 patients who had detailed measurements made of
      their periodontal index, oral hygiene index and range of jaw movements. These
      findings were discussed in relation to other methods of management of obesity.

PMID- 6818168
TI  - Primary radiographic diagnosis of fractures in the mandible.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed to determine the reliability of primary
      radiography in evaluation of fractures in the mandible. In all, radiographic
      diagnosis was correct in 77% of 272 fractures. Panoramic tomography (PT) was
      superior compared with conventional methods (skull films and jaw projections) in
      the assessment of these fractures. Without PT, the diagnostic error rate
      increased to 40%, largely due to missed fracture lines. It is recommended that PT
      be performed in all cases of suspected jaw fractures, initially, when obtainable,
      or at least once during the treatment of a jaw trauma patient. Fractures in the
      dento-alveolar and condylar regions, particularly, presented repeated
      difficulties in initial radiography.

PMID- 6818169
TI  - An analgesic study with repeated doses of phenazone, phenazone plus
      dextropropoxyphene, and paracetamol, using a visual analogue scale.
AB  - A double blind randomized analgesic trial was carried out in patients suffering
      from pain after removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. In a repeated dose
      regimen, 120 patients received one of three different analgesics: phenazone,
      phenazone plus dextropropoxyphene, or paracetamol. The assessments of pain were
      made hourly on a visual analogue scale and the evaluation was carried out
      according to a method which considers repeated dose intake. The analgesic
      efficacy of 500 mg phenazone was similar to 500 mg of paracetamol. The pain
      reduction seemed adequate in most patients and no statistical differences were
      obtained between the treatment drugs. All analgesics were taken when needed, and
      the time interval from end of operation to first tablet intake, as well as the
      pain score at first tablet intake, were factors which significantly influenced
      the efficacy of the drugs. Therefore, these factors may be of significant
      importance in the evaluation of analgesics in small sample studies.

PMID- 6818170
TI  - Life threatening complications from a lower wisdom tooth.
AB  - The case history of a 25-year-old student who developed a number of very serious
      complications after a simple extraction of a lower wisdom tooth is presented. A
      submandibular abscess was followed by septic shock with severe thrombocytopenia
      and transient renal insufficiency, adult respiratory distress syndrome,
      pneumothorax and pericarditis. From the blood, alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were
      cultured, while cultures from the abscess grew Bacteroides fragilis. With
      intensive treatment, including artificial ventilation with PEEP, the patient
      survived this life-threatening episode.

PMID- 6818171
TI  - A comparative study of the gingival and lateral periodontal cysts.
AB  - The object of this study is to separate the gingival and the lateral periodontal
      cysts of adults using both clinical and histological features. It involved an
      investigation of 2 cases from each category. The distinguishing clinical feature
      was the ability to determine the involvement of the periodontal ligament at
      surgical exploration. The histological feature of note was the presence of plaque
      like lining elevations in the lateral periodontal cyst. These appeared to be due
      to an oedematous change in the true intra-bony cyst lining, perhaps occurring
      during the process of cyst expansion.

PMID- 6818172
TI  - Metastases in the oral cavity. Case reports.
AB  - 4 cases of metastases in the oral cavity are described. They were seen in
      patients with carcinoma of the renal pelvis, renal carcinoma, breast carcinoma
      and malignant melanoma. In 3 of the cases, the metastases were situated distally
      to the canines in the mandible, where Roentgen examination had revealed a
      radiolucent area, and in the 4th case, in the soft tissue in the upper jaw. The
      initial symptoms in all 4 cases were swelling, pain or decreased sensitivity. The
      metastases were diagnosed, on average, 7 years after diagnosis of the primary
      tumour.

PMID- 6818173
TI  - Correlation between sialochemistry and lip biopsy in Sjogren's syndrome patients.

PMID- 6818174
TI  - Effects of DNA polymerase inhibitors on replicative and repair DNA synthesis in
      ultraviolet-irradiated HeLa cells.
AB  - Aphidicolin specifically inhibits eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, while 2',3'
      dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (d2TTP) inhibits DNA polymerase beta and gamma
      but not alpha. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (araCTP)
      inhibits both DNA polymerase alpha and beta although to a different extent. Here
      we measured the effects of these inhibitors on repair DNA synthesis of U.V.
      irradiated HeLa cells by two different methods. Firstly, aphidicolin, 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC, a precursor of araCTP) and 2',3'-dideoxythimidine
      (d2Thd, a precursor of d2TTP) were added directly to the culture medium. In this
      case, aphidicolin and araC strongly inhibited replicative DNA synthesis of HeLa
      cells, and they also inhibited repair synthesis after U.V.-irradiation but to a
      much lesser extent. In contrast, high concentrations of d2Thd inhibited repair
      DNA synthesis to a higher extent than replicative DNA synthesis. Secondly, the
      active form of inhibitor, d2TTP, was microinjection directly into cytoplasm or
      nuclei or U.V.-irradiated HeLa cells. Microinjection of d2TTP effectively
      inhibited repair synthesis. The microinjection of d2TTP, into either cytoplasm or
      nucleus, strongly inhibited replicative synthesis. These results might indicate
      that multiple DNA polymerases are involved in repair synthesis as well as in
      replicative synthesis.

PMID- 6818175
TI  - Radiation-induced changes in production of prostaglandins F2 alpha, E, and
      thromboxane B2 in guinea pig parenchymal lung tissues.
AB  - At 1 hour to 4 days after unilateral exposure of guinea pigs to a single dose (0
      X 5, 1 X 5, or 3 X 0 Gy) of gamma-radiation, changes were detected in
      prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in parenchymal lung tissues. At 1-3
      hours after exposure, tissue levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE, and thromboxane B2 were
      significantly elevated in animals receiving 3 X 0 Gy, with the magnitude of
      alteration revealing a radiation dose effect. By 24 hours, tissue prostaglandin
      and thromboxane levels returned to near control values. Lung tissue synthesis of
      prostaglandins in response to H-1 receptor stimulation by the exogenous addition
      of histamine revealed similar radiation dose effects. The carboxylic acid
      ionophore A23187, exogenously applied to lung tissues, revealed a transient peak
      of increased sensitivity to ionophore stimulation for TxB2 synthesis at 24 hours
      and for PGF2 alpha at 72 hours post-irradiation. The data suggest that
      significant alterations in prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in
      parenchymal lung tissues occur following irradiation, in a dose-dependent manner,
      and that altered responsiveness to H-1 receptor stimulation and divalent cation
      transport also occur.

PMID- 6818176
TI  - Opitz (G) syndrome.
AB  - Opitz syndrome, or G syndrome, is a composite of congenital malformations
      including hypertelorism, hypospadias, and recurrent aspiration secondary to a
      disordered swallowing mechanism. The mode of inheritance is probably autosomal
      dominant with male predominance. This paper describes an infant with this
      syndrome who developed progressive airway obstruction requiring several
      endotracheal intubations. After extubation a laryngeal granuloma developed and
      required tracheostomy and excision. A hallmark of the patient's life has been
      persistent aspiration. No vocal cord paralysis or anatomic laryngeal anomaly was
      present. The aspiration was apparently due to neural incoordination of laryngeal
      and pharyngoesophageal motor activity. Because of the threat to life posed by
      aspiration, early recognition of this syndrome is imperative.

PMID- 6818177
TI  - Substrate specificities of adenosine deaminase and adenosine phosphorylase from
      Bacillus cereus.
AB  - The substrate specificity of two adenosine metabolizing enzymes from Bacillus
      cereus has been investigated, using partially purified preparations. Adenosine
      deaminase is shown to be highly specific for adenosine (Km = 5.6 X 10(-5) M at pH
      8.1); 2'-deoxyadenosine, formycin A and 2-amino-adenosine are deaminated by the
      enzyme preparation, but reaction rates are at least 20 times lower than that for
      adenosine at concentrations up to 0.1 mM, due to higher Km and/or lower Vmax
      values. 3'-deoxyadenosine is not attacked. Adenosine phosphorylase, on the other
      hand, can readily act on adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2-amino-adenosine and N6
      monoalkyl-adenosines; again, 3'-deoxyadenosine shows no appreciable activity as a
      substrate. The results obtained are briefly discussed, in relation also to
      current investigations on purine metabolism in vegetative forms and spores of B.
      cereus.

PMID- 6818178
TI  - Factors influencing the metabolic pathways of glucose in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The metabolic effect of a lactate or pyruvate load and methylene blue (Mb) on
      hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) and Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) were
      investigated in intact erythrocytes in the presence of glucose. Pyruvate enhances
      glucose consumption and 14CO2 production, lactate reduces 14CO2 production but
      glucose consumption is unchanged. These effects are dependent on the lactate and
      pyruvate concentrations in the buffer. A pyruvate load does not results to
      influence the net production of pyruvate, which is conversely markedly increased
      by Mb. The lactate load raises slightly the total pyruvate level but its rate of
      production is unchanged, with respect to that of the control. A considerable
      effect on the intracellular to extracellular pyruvate ratio is observed in these
      different conditions, as well as modifications in the levels of inorganic
      phosphate (Pi).

PMID- 6818179
TI  - [Sarcomatous degeneration in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis].
AB  - During a 6-year period only a single case of sarcomatous transformation in
      neurofibromatosis (v. Recklinghausen's disease) was found among 1561 autopsies.
      The clinical course and histopathological changes of this rare case are
      described. The incidence of sarcomatous transformation seems to be less than 3%,
      in contrast to some data reported in the literature. These fibrosarcomas of the
      nerve sheaths usually originate in subfascial nodes and in other clinically
      poorly accessible locations. Some cases in the literature indicate genetic
      factors to be responsible for the sarcomatous transformation. Therefore, patients
      with such a family history should be followed closely.

PMID- 6818180
TI  - An interactive computer graphics program for determining the shielding for a
      megavoltage radiotherapy facility.

PMID- 6818181
TI  - The economics of health promotion at the worksite.

PMID- 6818182
TI  - Health promotion: what's in it for business and industry?
AB  - Health promotion has been linked to improved morale, increased productivity,
      reduced absenteeism and turnover, more appropriate utilization of medical
      services and decreased disability and premature death claims due to unhealthy
      lifestyles. Preliminary data in favor of HPPs are being accumulated. Final proof
      is not available to "sell" myopic bottom line managers on the concept, however,
      as Immanuel Kant stated, "It is often necessary to make a decision on the basis
      of knowledge sufficient for action but insufficient to satisfy the intellect." If
      techniques can be developed to quantify in economic terms the impact of health
      promotion in these areas, business and industry will have a profound, hard line
      reason beyond their genuine interest in the health of their employees, for
      providing health promotion to employee populations--MONEY.

PMID- 6818183
TI  - [Significance and execution of care measures in infusions and intravascular
      catheters].

PMID- 6818184
TI  - Effects of training of short duration on the levels of zinc and carbonic
      anhydrase isoenzymes in human erythrocytes.

PMID- 6818185
TI  - Split course multiple daily fractionated radiotherapy schedule combined with
      misonidazole for the management of grade III and IV gliomas. A pilot feasibility
      study of the Radiotherapy Group of the EORTC.

PMID- 6818186
TI  - The tolerance to multiple daily fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of
      prostatic and bladder carcinoma: a feasibility study.
AB  - A modified fractionation schedule was designed with the purpose of reducing the
      treatment burden. Three fractions of 2 Gy with four hours interval were given
      during 5 days. The whole scheme was repeated after a rest period of 4 weeks. This
      makes it possible to deliver a dose of 60 Gy in 10 treatment days and over a
      total time of 6 weeks. A total of 30 patients, 22 with prostatic cancer and 8
      with invasive bladder carcinoma, have been treated. The feasibility has been
      found to be very good. Forty-seven percent of the patients had acute morbidity,
      although it was mild in all patients. One patient had a persistent, another had a
      transient delayed symptom, and one had a severe late complication. The tolerance
      to this schedule is better than that observed with conventional fractionation
      schedules. Together with the drastic reduction of the total treatment days, this
      multiple daily fractionation (MDF) schedule has already been shown to improve the
      therapeutic ratio by diminishing the burden on the patients. Longer follow-up
      necessary for the assessment of the efficacy of this schedule for local tumor
      control. However, with a follow-up period of 7 to 16 months no recurrence of the
      prostate cancer in the pelvis has been observed. These results warrant further
      exploration of the possible benefits of modifications in time-dose-fractionation
      schedules.

PMID- 6818187
TI  - Sequential half-body irradiation as systemic treatment of progressive Ewing
      sarcoma.
AB  - Sequential half-body irradiation (HBI) to be delivered in two sessions was used
      in 18 consecutive patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma who relapsed after
      radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy. The HBI program to both upper and lower
      hemi body was completed in 11 patients (61%). The remaining 7 patients received
      only one single treatment of HBI because of relapse before the completion of the
      treatment program. In 20 of the 29 sessions HBI was employed to treat overt
      metastases. The overall objective response rate was 50%. Six of 18 patients (33%)
      are alive from 4 to 27 months, 3 of them without evidence of disease. No severe
      toxicity was observed. HBI as systemic treatment was more effective in patients
      who relapsed while off chemotherapy, with metastases confined to the lungs or to
      one single bone segment.

PMID- 6818188
TI  - A preliminary report on the clinical application of fast neutrons in Krakow.
AB  - The neutron therapy facility based on the cyclotron installed in the Institute of
      Nuclear Physics in Krakow, Poland, is described. Fast neutrons are produced by
      bombarding a beryllium target with 12.5 MeV deuterons. The unit has been used for
      treatment of cancer patients by the medical team of the Institute of Oncology in
      Krakow since September, 1978. Fifty-three patients were treated; most of these
      patients had advanced head and neck cancer. On the basis of the radiobiological
      experiments, a standard tumor dose of 1320 radn,gamma in 20 fractions over 4
      weeks was established. From among 34 patients with advanced head and neck cancer,
      treated with neutrons only, and observed for at least one year, 10 patients,
      (29%) are living free of cancer.

PMID- 6818189
TI  - Use of 10 MV spoiled x ray beam for treatment of head and neck tumors.
AB  - The employment of a 10 MV X ray beam for treatment of head and neck tumors has
      been investigated. A 1.2 cm thick beam spoiler positioned 7 cm from the patient
      surface was used to achieve adequate dose to the superficial region. This
      technique provides at least 90% depth dose at 0.5 cm depth, which is clinically
      required for the treatment. For departments able to acquire only one megavoltage
      machine, the technique can provide an option to treat adequately both shallow as
      well as deep-seated tumors by choosing a high megavoltage machine; a low
      megavoltage machine cannot provide an equivalent option to treat deep-seated
      tumors.

PMID- 6818190
TI  - Cerebellar medulloblastoma: the importance of posterior fossa dose to survival
      and patterns of failure.
AB  - Fifty patients with biopsy-proven cerebellar medulloblastoma were retrospectively
      analyzed for prognostic factors, survival and patterns of failure. Five- and ten
      year actuarial survivals for the entire group were 51% and 42%. Survival and
      local control were significantly better for the 21 patients who received doses
      greater than 5000 rad to the posterior fossa (85% and 80% respectively) than for
      the remaining patients (38% and 38%, respectively). Significant prognostic
      factors included achievement of local control in the posterior fossa (p = .0001)
      and dose to the posterior fossa (p = .0005). Sex, age, duration of symptoms,
      extent of surgery and initial T-stage of disease were not significant. Posterior
      fossa was the predominant site of failure (71% of failures), but 10% of patients
      failed in the cerebrum and 12% outside the CNS. This experience confirms that
      survival rates of 70-80% are achievable with current treatment policies but
      accurate and consistent dose delivery to the posterior fossa is essential.

PMID- 6818191
TI  - Evaluation of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for lung cancer.
AB  - One hundred eighteen patients with lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed to
      determine whether postoperative radiotherapy (RT) improves survival. Patterns of
      treatment failure and three year NED (no evidence of disease) survival rates were
      assessed according to extent of tumor spread, histology, and treatment method.
      Patients with hilar or mediastinal node metastases were at higher risk of local
      failure compared to those with negative nodes. Postoperative RT reduced local
      recurrence and improved 3 year survival among patients with positive nodes.
      However, postoperative RT did not improve survival among those with negative
      nodes. Our data indicated that patients with positive hilar or mediastinal nodes
      may require postoperative RT to improve survival.

PMID- 6818192
TI  - Cancer of the uterine cervix: dosimetric guidelines for prevention of late rectal
      and rectosigmoid complications as a result of radiotherapeutic treatment.
AB  - This paper is the report of a dosimetric study of 41 rectal and rectosigmoid
      complications after radiotherapeutic treatment (1974-1978) of 287 cervical
      uterine tumors. Treatment consisted of external irradiation (25 MeV linear
      accelerator) and intracavitary irradiation (Fletcher-Suit applicator) at
      different doses depending on tumor stage. Dosimetric measurements were expressed
      as the maximum rectal dose and mean rectal dose on the anterior surface of the
      rectum, as proposed by the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie. Rectal doses were
      also studied as a function of intracavitary irradiation and intracavitary +
      external irradiation (maximum rectal and mean cumulative doses for each). The
      results show a significant difference in the state of the patients with and
      without complications, based on the dose reaching the rectum. The maximum and the
      mean cumulative rectal doses serve as one of the primary indicators for
      predicting complications. These values should therefore be determined before
      placement of intracavitary sources or, at the latest, before the second
      intracavitary application. We have shown that there is no fixed threshold dose,
      but that it varies from one region to another, depending on level of external
      irradiation. Our results argue in favor of adapting individual patient therapy
      based on simple precautions, which are adjustable to all treatment modalities.
      This method could lead to complete elimination of late rectal and rectosigmoid
      complications arising from radiotherapeutic treatment of cervical uterine cancer.

PMID- 6818193
TI  - Local control and survival after external irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate.
AB  - From 1966 through 1978, 128 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate underwent external irradiation to the entire pelvis followed by
      additional irradiation with a field that encompassed the entire prostate with
      generous margins. Local recurrence was diagnosed when palpable regrowth occurred
      and was confirmed by biopsy. Eighteen patients (14%) had local recurrence.
      Actuarial (life table) local recurrence rates, however, were 24% for both for
      Stage B and C patients. Actuarial five year survival was 100% for the 10 Stage A
      patients, 91% for the 25 Stage B, and 78% for the 93 Stage C patients. Actuarial
      five year disease-free survival was 59% for Stage B and 69% for Stage C patients.
      Local recurrence was affected by the total dose to the whole pelvis and the dose
      at the center of the prostate. Disease-free survival was influenced by
      differentiation. High dose external irradiation to the prostate and regional
      lymph nodes offers the greatest probability of long-term disease-free survival
      for patients with localized disease. Late bowel complications were seen in 14
      patients (11%), two of whom required colostomies. Late urinary tract
      complications were observed in five patients (4%).

PMID- 6818194
TI  - Pharmacologic requirements for obtaining sensitization of human tumor cells in
      vitro to combined 5-Fluorouracil or ftorafur and X rays.
AB  - The combined effects of X ray and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in tissue culture have
      been studied using two human adenocarcinoma lines (HeLa and HT-29 cells). Both
      showed similar sensitivities to 5-FU, HeLa cells appearing somewhat more
      resistant to higher concentrations. Combined treatment of both cell types with 5
      FU and X rays led to a time-dependent enhancement of cell killing
      ("radiosensitization"). Only post-radiation incubation had any effect, prior
      exposure to 5-FU being strictly additive. Enhanced cell killing by combined 5-FU
      and X rays could not be explained by either the infliction of additional acute
      damage in the immediate post-radiation period or an inhibitory effect of 5-FU on
      the repair of sub-lethal X ray injury. Rather, the enhanced cytotoxicity proved
      to be dependent on a damage expressed in time periods exceeding the duration of a
      cell doubling time in vitro. Overall, the data equally suggest that X rays may
      sensitize the cells to 5-FU. The enhanced cell killing is maximized if the cells
      are continuously exposed to 5-FU for 48 hours following the X ray exposure. These
      results indicate that clinical treatment regimens might be useful in evaluating 5
      FU infusional scheduling in accordance with these unique requirements, which are
      not met by conventional bolus 5-FU and X ray therapy fractionation regimens.
      Ftorafur, a drug proposed to act as a slow release form of 5-FU, was found to
      show limited cytotoxic potential in vitro and did not significantly enhance cell
      killing after X ray exposure.

PMID- 6818195
TI  - Preliminary results of a phase III trial of spontaneous animal tumors to heat
      and/or radiation: early normal tissue response and tumor volume influence on
      initial response.
AB  - A Phase III randomized trial was initiated to test the relative efficacies of
      heat alone, radiation alone and heat plus radiation using spontaneous
      malignancies in pet animals. Heat alone was inferior to the other two treatment
      arms as demonstrated by a significantly higher non-response rate and shorter
      response duration. The ratio of complete response rates (CR) for heat plus
      radiation to radiation alone or the thermal relative risk (TRR) was greater for
      tumors greater than 10 cm3 as compared to those less than 10 cm3 (TRR = 4.8 and
      1.4, respectively). The overall TRR for complete responses was 2.3. The CR data
      for the combined therapy arm indicate at least an additive effect between heat
      and radiation for small tumors but most likely a synergistic effect in the larger
      tumor group. Based on the data currently available, no significant difference in
      response duration is observed between the two radiation arms, although a
      nonsignificant advantage to the combination therapy exists. Normal tissue effects
      were evaluated by incidence of full moist desquamation within the irradiated
      volume, late fibrosis and bone necrosis. Since the radiation skin dose depended
      upon the technique being used it was possible to estimate the dose to achieve
      moist desquamation in 50% of the animals (DD50) by a logistic regression model as
      being 3728 +/- 344 rad for radiation alone. Significant lowering of the DD50 was
      not observed for the addition of heat to radiation. Low patient numbers where
      intact skin was heated prevented an accurate analysis of the effect, however.

PMID- 6818196
TI  - An electron beam pseudoarc technique for irradiation of large areas of chest wall
      and other curved surfaces.
AB  - An electron beam technique has been developed for the treatment of large areas of
      the chest wall and other curved surfaces employing the stationary field electron
      beam mode ordinarily available on a linear accelerator. The technique simulates
      an arc through the use of multiple fixed fields. The electron collimator is not
      used. Field shaping is achieved through the combined effects produced by the
      photon jaw settings, the arc limits, and secondary lead shielding on the
      patient's skin. Thus, there is no limitation on the circumferential extent of the
      field size that can be used. Electron beam energies of 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, 15
      MeV and 18 MeV have been studied. Our findings indicate that, for these energies,
      this technique produces isodose curves parallel to the cylindrical surface at all
      depths beyond maximum build-up. This paper discusses the physical characteristics
      of the single beams, the degree of dose homogeneity achieved with the multiple
      fields, and the dosimetry technique developed to implement the therapy.

PMID- 6818197
TI  - A graticule for evaluation of megavolt X ray port films.

PMID- 6818198
TI  - Characteristics of an intraoral cone for electron beam therapy with an 18 MeV
      linear accelerator.

PMID- 6818199
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone responses to eucapnic and hypocapnic hypoxia in humans.
AB  - Urinary excretion rate of antidiuretic hormone (UADHV) was studied in male
      volunteers in response to hypobaric hypoxia. The first series consisted of three
      groups. The chamber was decompressed to 465, 495, and 438 Torr during high
      altitude (HA) exposure for groups I (n = 5), II (n = 5), and III (n = 4),
      respectively. In group I, the chamber air contained 3.77% CO2 to prevent
      alkalosis. The level of hypoxemia was similar in groups I and II. Mean 24-h UADHV
      was unchanged in group I, but increased 96% (P less than 0.05) and 180% (P less
      than 0.05) in groups II and III, respectively, on day 1 at HA and was normal
      during subsequent days at HA regardless of symptoms of acute mountain sickness.
      Shorter sampling intervals employed in a second series of experiments conducted
      at 495 Torr revealed a twofold increase in UADHV (P less than 0.05) 8-12 h after
      ascent in eight asymptomatic subjects; UADHV returned to base line within 9 h and
      remained low. The symptomatic subjects both had increased UADHV (3- and 8-fold
      from base line) between 2 and 4 h after ascent. Increased UADHV in asymptomatic
      subjects may be a result of the concomitant decrease in plasma volume, both of
      which appeared to be eliminated by CO2 supplementation.

PMID- 6818200
TI  - Effect of short-term sleep loss on breathing.
AB  - Loss of sleep is common among patients with respiratory disorders. We studied
      ventilatory performance in 15 normal subjects to determine whether a single night
      of sleep loss would have any detectable effect on breathing. Spirometry and
      hypercapnic ventilatory response testing were performed daily for 3 consecutive
      days with no sleep permitted between testing on days 1 and 2. We found a small
      but significant decline in forced vital capacity and maximal voluntary
      ventilation and a 20% decrease in hypercapnic ventilatory response slope after
      sleep loss (P less than 0.05). We conclude that sleep loss results in a
      significant deterioration in ventilatory performance, which may be clinically
      important to patients with respiratory diseases.

PMID- 6818202
TI  - Cerebrovascular responses to CO2 after inhibition of sympathetic activity.
AB  - The effects of inhalation of 10% CO2 in air on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and
      cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) were examined in 13 unanesthetized goats before
      and after impairment of the sympathetic activity present in cerebral vessels.
      Under control conditions, inhalation of CO2 increased CBF from 112 +/- 10.2 (SE)
      to 191 +/- 17.2 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 and decreased CVR from 0.91 +/- 0.02 to 0.55
      +/- 0.03 Torr X ml-1 X min X 100 g. After treatment with reserpine CO2 increased
      CBF to levels similar to those before treatment, but values for CVR were
      significantly lower. Inhalation of CO2 1-2 days after removal of both superior
      cervical sympathetic ganglia produced a larger increase in CBF and a greater drop
      in CVR, whereas at 6-20 days after ganglionectomy the effects of CO2 were
      analogous to those measured before the operation. The results suggest that the
      existence of an intact tonic adrenergic activity is a factor in the level of CVR
      achieved in hypercapnic acidosis.

PMID- 6818201
TI  - Physiological effects of hypervolemic polycythemia in newborn dogs.
AB  - The effect of hypervolemic polycythemia (Hct 62-77) on O2 transport and O2
      consumption (Vo2) was studied in 16 unanesthetized newborn dogs (age 3-10 days).
      A control group of 10 newborn dogs (3-10 days old) was made hypervolemic but not
      polycythemic in an otherwise identical experiment. Hypervolemia was attained by
      infusing 33 ml/kg of either packed red blood cells (polycythemia) or whole blood
      (controls). In the polycythemic group as a result of the transfusion, cardiac
      output (CO) decreased by 50% (P less than 0.001), peripheral vascular resistance
      (PVR) increased by 170% (P less than 0.001), but O2 transport did not change
      significantly, and Vo2 decreased only slightly by 13% (P less than 0.01). In the
      10 control animals there were no significant changes in CO, PVR, O2 transport, or
      Vo2 as a result of the transfusion. Blood lactate increased only slightly in
      experimental (35%, P less than 0.04) and control animals (23%, NS). The ability
      of the animals to increase their O2 transport and Vo2 was tested by measuring the
      changes induced by cold stress. Cold stress produced a 20% increase in Vo2 (P
      less than 0.05) in both the polycythemic and the control animals. Thus in spite
      of a decreased CO in the nonstressed state the polycythemic animals were still
      able to increase O2 transport and Vo2 in response to cold stress. These results
      suggest that the newborn animal is capable of regulating CO to maintain O2
      transport appropriate to uptake under conditions of hypervolemic, polycythemic
      hyperviscosity, and environmental cold stress.

PMID- 6818203
TI  - Localization of carbonic anhydrase on pulmonary artery endothelial cells in
      culture.
AB  - Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture possess carbonic anhydrase
      activity and immunoreactivity. The intact cells and cell homogenates lower the pH
      of 25 mM triethanolamine sulfate buffer saturated with CO2 (starting pH 8.1). The
      intact cells are more reactive than the cell homogenates, and the enzymic
      activity is enriched in association with the plasma membrane fraction. Specific
      immunofluorescence is obtained when the cells are incubated with rabbit
      antibovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B and then with goat antirabbit
      immunoglobulin G coupled to fluorescein. At the level of electron microscopy,
      antibodies to carbonic anhydrase B are reactive with sites along the plasma
      membrane and associated caveolae. Multivesicular bodies are the only
      intracellular sites labeled and appear to correspond to the globular sites of
      intracellular immunofluorescence. Cells maintained and propagated in culture in
      the absence of an exogenous source of carbonic anhydrase nonetheless possess
      carbonic anhydrase activity, suggesting that the cells are capable of
      synthesizing the enzyme. Taken together, our results indicate that pulmonary
      artery endothelial cells possess carbonic anhydrase situated so that the enzyme
      could readily catalyze the dehydration of plasma HCO-3 to facilitate CO2
      excretion and participate in the regulation of blood pH as central venous blood
      is converted into systemic arterial blood.

PMID- 6818205
TI  - Models for a comparative functional analysis of gas exchange organs in
      vertebrates.
AB  - The analysis of external gas exchange in the various respiratory organs of
      vertebrates is based on models with gas transport properties determined by
      ventilatory, diffusive, and perfusive conductances and by the geometric
      arrangement of medium and blood flows. The following factors are examined: water
      vs. air as external medium; gas transport properties of blood; diffusive gas
      transfer between medium and blood; problems in assessing diffusion limitation in
      fish gills, amphibian skin, avian lungs, and mammalian lungs. Finally the
      limitations to the analysis imposed by various physiological and anatomical
      complexities are discussed.

PMID- 6818204
TI  - Effects of salicylate and 2,4-dinitrophenol on respiration and metabolism.
AB  - The respiratory and metabolic responses to intravenous administration of sodium
      salicylate (240 mg/kg0.75) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (5.7 mg/kg0.75), uncouplers of
      oxidative phosphorylation, were studied in anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized,
      and glomectomized cats. During the initial 10 min after administration of
      salicylate, metabolic rate (VCO2) increased 70% and did not increase further
      during the experiment. Respiration, on the other hand, increased progressively at
      the same rate over the entire 60-min course of the experiment. The total increase
      in respiration was greater than 300%. Thus neither the time course nor the
      magnitude of the metabolic and respiratory responses were related. Similar
      findings were also obtained following administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol. We
      conclude that these agents stimulate respiration by a mechanism other than one
      related to the ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and cause an
      increase in whole-body metabolism.

PMID- 6818206
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on blood gas and acid-base parameters of sea bass.
AB  - Continuous recordings have been made of pH, PO2, and PCO2 of arterial blood (pHa,
      PaO2, PaCO2) in an extracorporeal circulation during periods of hypoxia (inspired
      PO2 45-10 Torr) in sea bass, Morone labrax. During moderate hypoxia
      hyperventilation was accompanied by an increase in pHa. Continuation of moderate
      hypoxia for periods up to 24 h produces an increase in lactate and a consequent
      decrease in pHa. During deep hypoxia there is a very brief alkalosis as
      ventilation increases but a marked decrease in pHa as lactate levels rise.
      Recovery from hypoxia is associated with an increase in lactate concentration
      reaching values of more than 6 meq X l-1 following deep hypoxia, and pHa falls to
      7.73. PaO2 recovers rapidly, but recovery of PaCO2 is not so rapid and together
      with the residual hyperventilation indicates that the fish is paying off an O2
      debt.

PMID- 6818207
TI  - Acid-base stress and central chemical control of ventilation in turtles.
AB  - Central chemical control of ventilation in turtles, Chrysemys (Pseudemys)
      scripta, has been characterized by alterations in breathing frequency (f). To
      assess the effects of acid-base stress on the central ventilatory response, three
      groups of animals were subjected to 2 h of anoxia (98% N2-2% CO2), 2 h of
      hypercapnia (8% CO2 in air), or 2 h of anoxia plus hypercapnia (92% N2-8% CO2).
      Ventilatory responses were measured continuously, and arterial blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base variables were determined after 2 h. Results
      show that central ventilatory responses (f) were significantly elevated in CSF
      acidosis caused by CO2 over those caused by the accumulation of CSF fixed acid
      alone (anoxia). The increases in f did not correlate with decreases in estimated
      CSF pH, since it was much lower in anoxia (7.19) than in hypercapnia (7.37). Our
      results strongly suggest that the central nervous system acidosis caused by
      anoxia produces centrally mediated ventilatory change in a fundamentally
      different way from hypercapnia.

PMID- 6818208
TI  - Rapid ventilatory responses to changes in insufflated CO2 in awake roosters.
AB  - The ventilatory responses to pulses or steps in the fraction of CO2 in the
      insufflated gas stream (FICO2) in awake, unidirectionally ventilated White
      Leghorn roosters (Gallus domesticus) were studied. Within 0.2-0.5 s of the change
      in FICO2 at the syrinx, a change in inspiratory or expiratory flow occurred.
      Increases in FICO2 increased flow and tidal volume (VT), whereas decreases in
      FICO2 decreased flow and VT. Expiratory duration (TE) was markedly prolonged by
      decreases in FICO2 and shortened by increases. Inspiratory duration was affected
      little by FICO2 changes. The TE response to pulses of FICO2 (0.2-0.4 s duration)
      revealed a time dependency such that a maximum effect occurred when the pulses
      arrived at the syrinx at approximately midexpiration. The magnitudes of the
      responses were approximately proportional to the amplitude and duration of the
      FICO2 changes, but decreases in FICO2 had greater effects than increases. A
      likely receptor site for these responses is the intrapulmonary chemoreceptors,
      which appear to function in a reflex controlling airflow and timing of the
      ongoing breath.

PMID- 6818209
TI  - Ventilatory phase duration in the chicken: role of mechanical and CO2 feedback.
AB  - Awake upright White Leghorn roosters (Gallus domesticus) were unidirectionally
      ventilated. Electromyographic activity from inspiratory and expiratory muscles
      was recorded to demarcate inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, the
      rate of inflation of the air sac system was varied while the CO2 concentration of
      the gas passing through the lungs was maintained constant. Inspiratory duration
      was inversely related to the rate of inflation, producing an inspiratory volume
      time threshold (VT) curve with a negative slope. When the CO2 concentration was
      increased in the lungs, the inspiratory VT curve shifted to the right with a
      concurrent increase in slope. If the rate of deflation was varied during
      expiration, it was found that expiratory duration was inversely related to the
      rate of deflation, producing an expiratory VT curve with a positive slope.
      Increasing the CO2 concentration shifted the curve to the left with an increased
      slope. These results indicate that inspiratory and expiratory phase durations are
      a function of both mechanical and chemical feedback.

PMID- 6818210
TI  - Intrapulmonary CO2 receptor discharge at different levels of venous PCO2.
AB  - It has been suggested that avian intrapulmonary CO2-sensitive receptors (IPC) may
      be capable of affecting ventilation in response to changes in lung CO2 load. The
      purpose of this study was to record IPC discharge activity in spontaneously
      breathing ducks when venous PCO2 was elevated or lowered from resting levels.
      This was accomplished using an extracorporeal venovenous blood bypass circuit,
      which included a 0.8-m2 silicone membrane blood oxygenator. Adult male Pekin
      ducks were anesthetized and tracheostomized. Single-unit activity was recorded
      from 42 IPC. During venous CO2 loading, there was no difference in the average
      IPC discharge from control despite an increase in the rate of CO2 excretion
      (VCO2) to twice the resting level. Venous CO2 unloading decreased VCO2 by one
      half but did not significantly affect inspiratory IPC discharge and resulted in
      only a small increase in expiratory discharge. In contrast, inhalation of 3% CO2
      greatly reduced inspiratory discharge. Reflex adjustments in tracheal flow appear
      to be responsible for maintaining IPC discharge at control levels when venous
      PCO2 changes.

PMID- 6818211
TI  - Control of ventilation in running birds: effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia, and CO2.
AB  - Minute volume (V), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), venous lactate,
      and clavicular air sac gas composition were measured in domestic fowl at rest and
      during exercise, breathing hypoxic, hyperoxic, or hypercapnic gas. Hyperoxia
      produced no significant change in ventilation, CO2 inhalation produced increases
      in V and VT, but the changes in f appeared to be related to the stage of exercise
      at which CO2 was administered. The sensitivity of the hypercapnic response was
      similar in resting and exercising birds. Compared with the effects of CO2,
      hypoxia elicited only a weak ventilatory response in rest and exercise conditions
      despite severe tissue anaerobiosis.

PMID- 6818212
TI  - Gas exchange during high-frequency ventilation of the chicken.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that high-frequency ventilation (HFV) at 1-30 Hz is
      capable of maintaining adequate gas exchange in humans and dogs even when tidal
      volumes are substantially less than dead space. We evaluated the effectiveness of
      HFV in roosters by comparing CO2 elimination during various frequencies and tidal
      volumes of HFV with CO2 elimination during conventional mechanical ventilation.
      Sinusoidal oscillations were applied at the tracheal cannula. A bias flow
      provided fresh gas at the top of the tracheal cannula. Three conclusions emerge
      from the data. 1) HFV enhances gas transport in the chicken as it does in
      mammals. 2) At low oscillatory flows (amplitude X frequency) CO2 elimination
      depends on both frequency and tidal volume, whereas at higher flows CO2
      elimination depends more strongly on tidal volume. The flow at which this
      transition occurs is relatively lower than in humans and much lower than in dogs.
      3) HFV at volumes below dead space is usually not capable of maintaining adequate
      gas exchange in the chicken in contrast to results in dogs and humans.

PMID- 6818213
TI  - Effects of inhaled CO2 on airway stretch receptors in the newborn dog.
AB  - The response of 96 slowly adapting airway stretch receptors (SARs) to inhaled CO2
      was studied in 26 puppies, which were anesthetized, paralyzed, and passively
      ventilated with the chest open. Both inhibitory and excitatory influences were
      obtained during CO2 inhalation depending on the presence or absence of a
      partially intact parasympathetic innervation and the receptor location. In
      puppies in the vagotomized condition, tracheal SARs of the youngest puppies (1-10
      days) were inhibited (68% of control discharge), whereas bronchial SARs were
      unaffected by CO2. In the older age groups (12-17 and 26-30 days) there was a
      gradual acquisition of the adult response with a progressive increase in the
      inhibitory action of CO2 on bronchial SARs, whereas tracheal SARs became less
      affected. An excitatory action of CO2 could be found if the contralateral vagus
      nerve was intact. This response, which was abolished by vagotomy or atropine, was
      limited to tracheal SARs (occurring in 8 out of 23 receptors with the remainder
      inhibited) and was not accompanied by changes in transpulmonary pressure.
      Considering that only one-half of the functional efferent innervation of the
      trachea was present (i.e., left vagus only) and that the response has never been
      reported in the adult, the stimulation of SAR activity via smooth muscle
      contraction may represent a mechanism that could severely limit the neonate's
      ability to respond to periods of apnea or asphyxia.

PMID- 6818214
TI  - Central and peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to phrenic and hypoglossal
      motoneurons.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that phrenic and hypoglossal responses to progressive
      hypercapnia differ qualitatively because the CO2-related drive inputs to their
      respective motoneuron pools are different. The relative contributions of carotid
      sinus and central chemoreceptor inputs to hypoglossal and phrenic responses
      during hyperoxic hypercapnia were determined by comparing the two nerve
      activities during rebreathing runs done either before and after bilateral carotid
      sinus nerve (CSN) section, or without and with cooling of the intermediate, I(s),
      area on the ventral surface of the medulla. The studies were performed on
      chloralose-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed cats. Cooling of the I(s) area
      impaired phrenic responsiveness to hypercapnia more than hypoglossal
      responsiveness, whereas CSN section had the opposite effect. Thus phrenic nerve
      response was more dependent on central chemoreceptor input than was the
      hypoglossal response, but hypoglossal response was more dependent on carotid
      sinus chemoreceptor input. We conclude that the phrenic and hypoglossal
      motoneuron pools each receive a different functional input from both the
      medullary and the carotid sinus chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6818215
TI  - Cerebral interstitial fluid acid-base status follows arterial acid-base
      perturbations.
AB  - Cerebral interstitial fluid (ISF) pH of ventral medulla or thalamus, cisternal
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pH, and arterial blood pH, PCO2, and [HCO-3] were
      measured in chloralose-urethan-anesthetized, gallamine-paralyzed New Zealand
      White rabbits during 30-min episodes of either HCl or NaHCO3 intravenous
      infusions. ISF pH was measured continuously with glass microelectrodes (1- to 2
      microns tip diameter). Cisternal CSF pH was measured continuously with an
      indwelling pH probe (1-mm tip diameter). Both ventral medullary and thalamic ISF
      [H+] changed significantly, whereas arterial PCO2 remained constant. CSF [H+] did
      not change. We conclude from these data that 1) changes in blood acid-base
      conditions are rapidly reflected in cerebral ISF and 2) transient differences in
      [H+] and [HCO-3] can exist between cerebral ISF and CSF.

PMID- 6818216
TI  - Ventilatory and gas exchange kinetics during exercise in chronic airways
      obstruction.
AB  - The influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on exercise
      ventilatory and gas exchange kinetics was assessed in nine patients with stable
      airway obstruction (forced expired volume at 1 s = 1.1 +/- 0.33 liters) and
      compared with that in six normal men. Minute ventilation (VE), CO2 output (VCO2),
      and O2 uptake (VO2) were determined breath-by-breath at rest and after the onset
      of constant-load subanaerobic threshold exercise. The initial increase in VE,
      VCO2, and VO2 from rest (phase I), the subsequent slow exponential rise (phase
      II), and the steady-state (phase III) responses were analyzed. The COPD group had
      a significantly smaller phase I increase in VE (3.4 +/- 0.89 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.05
      liters/min), VCO2 (0.10 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.03 liters/min), VO2 (0.10 +/-
      0.03 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.04 liters/min), heart rate (HR) (6 +/- 0.9 vs. 16 +/- 1.4
      beats/min), and O2 pulse (0.93 +/- 0.21 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.45 ml/beat) than the
      controls. Phase I increase in VE was significantly correlated with phase I
      increase in VO2 (r = 0.88) and HR (r = 0.78) in the COPD group. Most patients
      also had markedly slower phase II kinetics, i.e., longer time constants (tau) for
      VE (87 +/- 7 vs. 65 +/- 2 s), VCO2 (79 +/- 6 vs. 63 +/- 3 s), and VO2 (56 +/- 5
      vs. 39 +/- 2 s) and longer half times for HR (68 +/- 9 vs. 32 +/- 2 s) and O2
      pulse (42 +/- 3 vs. 31 +/- 2 s) compared with controls. However, tau VO2/tau VE
      and tau VCO2/tau VE were similar in both groups. The significant correlations of
      the phase I VE increase with HR and VO2 are consistent with the concept that the
      immediate exercise hyperpnea has a cardiodynamic basis. The slow ventilatory
      kinetics during phase II in the COPD group appeared to be more closely related to
      a slowed cardiovascular response rather than to any index of respiratory
      function. O2 breathing did not affect the phase I increase in VE but did slow
      phase II kinetics in most subjects. This confirms that the role attributed to the
      carotid bodies in ventilatory control during exercise in normal subjects also
      operates in patients with COPD.

PMID- 6818217
TI  - A new system for ventilating with high-frequency oscillation.
AB  - We describe simple high-frequency oscillation systems that incorporate a CO2
      absorber and supply O2 on a need basis. These systems have the advantage of easy
      control of mean airway pressure and airway hydration and negligible loss of
      oscillatory tidal volume. Experiments done at constant tidal volume showed that
      as frequency (and hence total ventilation) increased, arterial CO2 tension
      (PaCO2) decreased. The fall in PaCO2 occurred until frequency reached
      approximately 20 Hz; above 20 Hz further increases in frequency had little or no
      effect on PaCO2. Because of their practical advantages the techniques described
      here may be quite useful in a clinical setting where an oscillator, rather than
      jet-type high-frequency, ventilation system is desired.

PMID- 6818218
TI  - Male adolescent with subdural parietal abscess: a probable complication of
      substance abuse.

PMID- 6818219
TI  - Isolation and characterization of four forms of kallikrein from hog pancreas
      autolysate.
AB  - Four forms of kallikrein, designated as I-IV, were isolated from hog pancreas
      autolysate mainly by chromatographies on Lysine-aminohexyl-Sepharose and on DEAE
      Sepharose CL-6B, with yields of 65, 56, 59, and 41 mg, respectively, from 10 kg
      of the tissue. They were homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      indistinguishable from each other immunologically and had the same amino acid
      composition. Kallikreins I, II, and III contained carbohydrate, but kallikrein IV
      was essentially carbohydrate free. On reduction with mercaptoethanol, each of
      them produced two polypeptide chains with different molecular weights. The H
      (heavy) chains from kallikreins I and II were identical, designated as H1. It was
      a glycoprotein with apparent molecular weight of 21,000, whereas the H chain from
      III and IV, designated as H2, had a molecular weight of 17,000 and was regarded
      as an H1 chain devoid of carbohydrate. Likewise, the L (light) chain from
      kallikreins I and III, designated as L1, was a glycoprotein with an apparent
      molecular weight of 12,000, whereas L2 from II and IV corresponded to L1 devoid
      of carbohydrate and had a molecular weight of 8,500. Thus, kallikreins I-IV could
      be expressed as H1L1, H1L2, H2L1, and H2L2, respectively. They had comparable
      specific activities and Km values towards synthetic substrates. The isoelectric
      points of kallikreins I-IV were nearly the same, with values of 4.0-4.1.

PMID- 6818220
TI  - Amino acid sequences of Nostoc strain MAC ferredoxins I and II.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of ferredoxins I and II from a blue-green alga, Nostoc
      strain MAC were determined. This alga is able to grow autotrophically in the
      light or heterotrophically in the dark. Analyses of tryptic peptides of Cm
      proteins by conventional methods including solid-phase Edman degradation gave the
      complete amino acid sequences. Both molecules consisted of 98 amino acid residues
      and 34 amino acid differences including two deletions were found between the two.
      Comparing these sequences with those of ferredoxins from Chlorogloeopsis
      fritschii and Synechocystis 6714, which are also capable of growing under both
      conditions, showed that Nostoc strain MAC ferredoxin II had unique amino acids
      around the [2Fe-2S] cluster. This finding provides a structural basis for
      explaining the different chemical and functional properties of Nostoc strain MAC
      ferredoxin II reported in a previous paper (Hutson et al. (1978) Biochem. J. 172,
      465-477).

PMID- 6818221
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Synechocystis 6714 ferredoxin: a unique structural feature
      of unicellular blue-green algal ferredoxin.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from Synechocystis 6714, a unicellular blue
      green alga, was determined by a combination of conventional methods. The
      ferredoxin was composed of 96 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and
      tryptophan. The sequence was as follows: Ala-Ser-Tyr-Thr-Val-Lys-Leu-Ile-Thr- Pro
      Asp-Gly-Glu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Glu-Cys-Ser-Asp-Asp-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Ala-Ala- Glu-Glu
      Ala-Gly-Leu-Asp-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ala-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ser-Thr-Cys- Ala-Gly-Lys
      Ile-Thr-Ala-Gly-Ser-Val-Asp-Gln-Ser-Asp-Gln-Ser-Phe-Leu-Asp-Asp- Asp-Gln-Ile-Glu
      Ala-Gly-Tyr-Val-Leu-Thr-Cys-Val-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Thr-Ser-Asp-Cys-Thr-Ile-Glu-Thr-His
      Lys-Glu-Glu-Asp-Leu-Tyr. In an alignment of various ferredoxins with high
      homology from unicellular and filamentous blue-green algae, Synechocystis 6714
      ferredoxin showed 4 gaps. Those between residues 9 and 10 and between residues 12
      and 13 were unique for the ferredoxins from the unicellular algae Synechocystis
      6714 and Aphanothece sacrum (ferredoxin I). Therefore, ferredoxins from
      unicellular algae were distinguishable from those of filamentous algae in terms
      of the presence of gaps. This feature appears to coincide with the phylogenetic
      division between the two types of blue-green algae.

PMID- 6818222
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin: taxonomic and
      evolutionary aspects.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin was determined
      for its carboxymethylated derivative by using solid-phase sequencing,
      fragmentation with various enzymes, and manual Edman degradation procedures. The
      ferredoxin was composed of 98 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and
      tryptophan. The sequence was as follows: Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Val-Thr-Leu-Ile-Asn-Asp
      Ala-Glu- Gly-Leu-Asn-Gln-Thr-Ile-Glu-Val-Asp-Asp-Asp-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Ala-Ala
      Glu- Glu-Ala-Gly-Leu-Asp-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ala-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ser-Thr-Cys-Ala
      Gly-Lys-Ile-Lys-Ser-Gly-Thr-Val-Asp-Gln-Ser-Asp-Gln-Ser-Phe-Leu-Asp-Asp-Asp- Gln
      Ile-Glu-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Val-Leu-Thr-Cys-Val-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Thr-Ser-Asp-Cys-Thr-Ile-Glu
      Thr-His-Lys-Glu-Glu-Glu-Leu-Tyr. A phylogenetic tree was constructed on the basis
      of a comparison of various algal ferredoxins and it was found that C. fritschii
      ferredoxin was closely related to Mastigocladus laminosus ferredoxin, though they
      are in different genera of the blue-green algae. Aspects of the taxonomy and
      molecular evolution of blue-green algal ferredoxins are discussed.

PMID- 6818223
TI  - Prenyltransferases of Bacillus subtilis: undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase
      and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase.
AB  - Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase
      were partially purified and characterized from Bacillus subtilis, from which
      heptaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase had
      previously been obtained [Takahashi et al. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 4539;
      (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1581]. The undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzed
      the Z-oligomerization of isopentenyl units with farnesyl pyrophosphate as a
      priming substrate to give C50 and C55 prenyl pyrophosphates with Z,E mixed
      stereochemistry. Various geometric isomers of C10, C15, C20, and C25 prenyl
      pyrophosphates also acted as priming substrates to give the corresponding
      isomeric products with chain lengths of C50 and C55, including unnatural
      products. In addition to absolute requirements for Mg2+ and detergent, the enzyme
      activity was further stimulated markedly by monovalent cations such as K- and
      NH4+. The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzed C5 leads to C10 leads
      to C15 leads to C20 reactions to give E,E-farnesyl and E,E,E-geranylgeranyl
      pyrophosphates. This enzyme was not affected by monovalent cations or detergent.

PMID- 6818224
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of cholestanol in cultured cells.
AB  - The presence of cholestanol had never been reported in cultured cells, but in the
      present study cholestanol was detected both in human and rat skin fibroblasts.
      The present study has shown that the origin of cholestanol in these fibroblasts
      was derived from de novo synthesis in the cells rather than from the fetal calf
      serum used in the growth medium. The activity of 5 alpha-cholestan-3-one
      reductase which is the enzyme catalyzing the final step in the biosynthesis of
      cholestanol was measured by mass fragmentography using deuterium labeled 5 alpha
      cholestan-3-one as a substrate. The activity of this enzyme was also detected in
      the microsomal fractions of rat cerebrum and cerebellum as well as in the liver.
      These results suggest that cholestanol can probably be synthesized in extra
      hepatic tissues as well as in the liver.

PMID- 6818225
TI  - Comparative study on fibers isolated from four R-type pyocins, phage-tail-like
      bacteriocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Five R-type pyocins have been reported which are almost identical with one
      another in their morphology and subunit composition, though distinct in receptor
      binding specificity. We isolated fibers from pyocin R2, R3, and R4 by essentially
      the same procedure as used in our previous isolation of pyocin R1 fiber with
      unimpaired receptor-binding ability. All the isolated fibers including R1 fiber
      were indistinguishable from one another, in terms of electron microscopic
      observation and subunit composition analysis by SDS gel electrophoresis. They
      consisted mainly of Subunit No. 2 (Mw 71,000) and No. 9 (31,000) proteins.
      Although Subunit No. 9 protein in every fiber was susceptible to trypsin and
      afforded a fragment with the same molecular weight (about 19,000) detectable in
      the SDS gel, Subunit No. 2 protein was cleaved with trypsin only after the fiber
      had been treated with an organomercurial, 4-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2-mercuriphenol.
      The cleavage of Subunit No. 2 protein proceeded to give several fragments with
      molecular weights ranging from 64,000 to 34,000, and the fragmentation patterns
      were electrophoretically distinct at least among R1 fiber, R3 fiber, and others
      (R2 and R4 fibers). The results indicate that Subunit No. 2 proteins of these
      fibers are different from one another in the structure surrounding trypsin
      susceptible peptide bonds. Immunological investigations with anti-R1 fiber
      antibodies provided some additional information on the difference among R-type
      pyocins at the fiber level.

PMID- 6818226
TI  - The origin of lipid accumulated in liver lysosomes after administration of triton
      WR-1339.
AB  - The origin of the lipids accumulated in liver lysosomes after administration of
      Triton WR-1339 was investigated. When Triton WR-1339 was injected into rats,
      serum triglyceride and cholesterol increased markedly. The highest content of
      triglyceride was observed in the second-day serum, from which very-low-density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) was isolated. The VLDL was administered to normal rats, then
      the light mitochondrial fraction of the liver at 24 h was centrifuged in a
      sucrose density gradient. The activities of lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase,
      N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and acid lipase, were all shifted to less dense
      fractions as compared with those of normal lysosomes. [3H]Triglyceride-labeled
      VLDL was injected similarly, and at 12 and 24 h after the administration, the
      light mitochondrial fraction of the liver was fractionated by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. Protein content and radioactivity in the immunoprecipitate with
      anti-VLDL serum at 12 h showed almost the same distribution as acid phosphatase
      activity. At 24 h, though acid phosphatase activity, immunoprecipitable protein
      content and radioactivity were all found in less dense fractions than in the case
      of normal lysosomes, the former two distributions were significantly different
      from the latter. The anti-VLDL serum reacted in Ouchterlony tests not only with
      Triton-induced VLDL and normal VLDL but also with the extract from low-density
      lysosomes. These results suggest that the lipids accumulated in low-density
      lysosomes following the administration of Triton WR-1339 were probably derived
      from the elevated serum VLDL induced by the treatment.

PMID- 6818227
TI  - The preparation of puromycin antibody and its use in enzyme immunoassay for the
      quantification using beta-D-galactosidase as a label.
AB  - An antibody specific for puromycin (PU) was prepared by immunization of rabbits
      with a PU conjugate of bovine serum albumin, which was newly synthesized by
      coupling PU to mercaptosuccinylated bovine serum albumin via a cross-linker, N
      (gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide. Enzyme labeling of PU was performed using
      beta-D-galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23] via N-(m-maleimidobenzoyloxy) succinimide. An
      ultrasensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for PU was developed utilizing
      these reagents by a double antibody technique. The standard curve of the assay
      was linear in the range of 2 pg to 100 pg, and the lower limit of detection was
      28.2 pm (2 pg/tube); so the enzyme immunoassay was found to be approximately
      326,000 times more sensitive than a microbiological assay. Further, the enzyme
      immunoassay is free from interference by any purine or pyrimidine analogs, or by
      other drugs commonly used for the inhibition of protein synthesis. Using this
      assay, drug levels were easily determined in rat tissue following PU
      administration. Since PU is extensively available as an inhibitor of protein
      synthesis, the enzyme immunoassay should provide useful tool for developing
      biochemical and toxicity studies of PU.

PMID- 6818228
TI  - Isolation of two inactive fragments of a Rhizopus sp. glucoamylase: relationship
      among three forms of the enzyme and the isolated fragments.
AB  - Two inactive fragments of glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3] from a Rhizopus sp. were
      isolated from the glucoamylase fraction obtained by CM-Sephadex chromatography in
      the previous purification of the glucoamylase (T. Takahashi et al. (1978) J.
      Biochem. 84, 1183-1194); the fraction contained at most 2.5% of the fragments,
      besides a mixture (97.5%) of three glucoamylases, designated as Gluc1 (M.W.
      74,000), Gluc2 (M.W. 58,600), and Gluc3 (M.W. 61,400) in order of content. The
      two isolated fragments, named fragments H and L in order of size, were found to
      be homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and
      ultracentrifugation analysis. The molecular weights of fragments H and L were
      16,700 and 14,400, respectively. Fragment H had alanine as its N-terminal residue
      although fragment L was heterogeneous at the N-terminal amino acid. The N
      terminal amino acids of Gluc1, Gluc2, and Gluc3 were found to be alanine,
      glutamic acid, and lysine, respectively; the three enzymes had the same C
      terminal amino acid sequence of -Ser-Ala . OH. Immunodiffusion demonstrated that
      both fragments cross-reacted with Gluc1 and Gluc3 but not with Gluc2, although
      the three enzymes had common antigenicity. These results, together with the amino
      acid and sugar compositions of the fragments, indicate that the two fragments
      were derived from the N-terminal glycopeptide moiety of Gluc1 by the action of a
      proteolytic enzyme(s) with concomitant formation of Gluc2; Gluc3 also seems to be
      produced by proteolytic modification of Gluc1 with loss of its N-terminal peptide
      moiety.

PMID- 6818229
TI  - Crayfish myosin has no Ca2+-dependent regulation in actomyosin.
AB  - 1. Crayfish myosin B lost Ca2+-dependent regulation in superprecipitation upon
      addition of pure rabbit skeletal F-actin. 2. Actomyosin reconstituted from
      crayfish myosin and pure rabbit skeletal F-actin showed both Ca2+-dependent
      regulation in superprecipitation and Mg2+-ATPase activity upon addition of native
      tropomyosin prepared from crayfish or rabbit skeletal muscles. Also,
      superprecipitation of this actomyosin was induced by ITP without Ca2+-dependent
      regulation, as is the case in rabbit skeletal actomyosin. 3. Actomyosin
      reconstituted from crayfish native thin filament and crayfish or rabbit skeletal
      myosins showed Ca2+-dependent regulation. 4. These findings indicate that
      crayfish myosin is similar to rabbit skeletal myosin and different from chicken
      gizzard myosin in regulatory function.

PMID- 6818230
TI  - N-Trimethylalanine, a novel blocked N-terminal residue of Tetrahymena histone
      H2B.
AB  - Our previous study showed that the amino acid sequence of Tetrahymena histone H2B
      has a blocked N-terminal residue followed by 119 amino acid residues, X-Pro
      Lys.... [J. Biochem. (1982) 91, 897-904]. Now, X has been found to be N
      trimethylalanine by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the isolated X
      Pro-Lys and X. This identification was supported by mass spectrometry of X-Pro
      Lys and by column and paper chromatography of X. This is the first time that N
      terminal blocking by methylation has ever been found in histones.

PMID- 6818231
TI  - Immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the effects of serotype and
      virulence in mouse protection tests.

PMID- 6818232
TI  - Tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine groups A, C, Y, W 135: clinical
      and serological evaluation.

PMID- 6818233
TI  - Heart-lung transplantation.

PMID- 6818234
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical demonstration of gametophytic proteins in
      the pollen tube wall of the primitive gymnosperm Cycas.

PMID- 6818235
TI  - Carbon dioxide induced disassembly of gap-junctional plaques.
AB  - When sheep ovarian follicle cells are maintained in an O2-rich environment their
      cells are metabolically coupled, as monitored by observing the exchange of
      [3H]choline; choline metabolites were detected up to 4 mm from the explant under
      these control conditions. When the tissues were placed in a CO2-rich environment
      the cells became uncoupled physiologically and choline metabolites were no longer
      exchanged. The cells in these two states, coupled and uncoupled, were examined by
      freeze-fracture. The initial controls were characteristic of ovarian follicular
      tissue exhibiting large macular plaques with regular outlines composed of PF
      intra-membranous particles (IMPs), which were arrayed in rows with IMP-free
      aisles. With uncoupling, the junctional plaques became irregular at the
      periphery, they became loosely packed and IMPs began to 'stream' out laterally
      across the membrane. Ultimately they were reduced to negligible IMP clusters or
      free IMPs. Analyses of the IMPs with an image analyser confirmed that in the
      uncoupled state the gap-junctional IMPs were dispersed over the membranes. On
      return to an O2-rich environment, the cells became recoupled as monitored by
      physiological criteria and in freeze-fracture replicas IMPs reclustered into
      macular, albeit smaller, plaques. These results support the contention that with
      uncoupling, gap-junctional particles are free to move and hence may become
      dispersed over the membrane face, with the possibility of being re-utilized to
      form junctions anew when conditions for coupling are re-established.

PMID- 6818236
TI  - Structure of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Evidence for a toroidal
      organization of the bands.
AB  - Avoiding acid fixation or squashing, the structure of Drosophila salivary gland
      polytene chromosomes has been examined in detail in nuclei, with special emphasis
      on the organization of the DNA in the chromosome bands. Cut serial sections,
      optical serial sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on whole mounts, high
      voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) on whole mounts, and pancreatic DNase I
      digestion monitored by fluorescent microscopy have been used to complement one
      another in this analysis. With all five of these techniques, stereo pairs were
      used to aid in the three-dimensional reconstruction of chromosomal structures.
      Evidence is presented that most, if not all, of the polytene chromosome bands are
      torus-shaped. The DNA of these bands is largely confined to the rim, with the
      interior essentially DNA-free. The chromatin in each polytene band is also seen
      to have an extremely regular and highly ordered substructure. This substructural
      organization is largely radially symmetric in the bands and generally parallel to
      the chromosome axis. In addition, each band appears to be a distinct
      architectural entity with regard to its exact structural features and dimensions.
      A model is presented that follows these organizational boundary conditions.

PMID- 6818237
TI  - [Agenesis of the gallbladder. Comments on physiopathology and diagnosis. Apropos
      of 2 cases].
AB  - Initially a simple anatomical curiosity discovered at operation or autopsy,
      agenesis of the ball bladder has now, and despite its rarity, become of the
      greatest interest from a pathogenic, physiopathological and diagnostic
      standpoint. Embryogenesis explains that this a developmental abnormality
      affecting the hepatic diverticulum which is probably of genetic origin, hence its
      frequent association with other malformations and the hereditary nature of the
      condition. The usual finding of a syndrome of blockage of the sphincter of Oddi
      with dilatation of the common bile duct raises the problem of synergism between
      the sphincter of Oddi and the gall bladder. The discovery of lithiasis of the
      hepatic and common bile ducts in agenesis of the gall bladder leads to discussion
      of the reality of organ lithiasis or the role of the distended wall of the common
      duct. Cholecystography and echotomography would appear to be the two techniques
      of investigation to be recommended preoperatively in order to increase support
      for the presumptive diagnosis once disorders affecting neighbouring structures
      have been eliminated. The definite diagnosis is made peroperatively by manual
      exploration, peroperative cholangiography or even coeliac arteriography during
      the operation. The indication for surgery is based upon clinical symptomatology.
      This does not treat the agenesis but the associated lesions which are its
      complications, in particular: lithiasis the common duct, sphincter of Oddi block
      syndrome and dilatation of the common duct.

PMID- 6818238
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of ketamine and norketamine in plasma and urine:
      nitrogen-sensitive detection.
AB  - A sensitive gas chromatographic method for quantitative analysis of ketamine and
      norketamine in human and animal biological fluids is described. The nitrogen
      sensitive detection procedure used is more stable than electron-capture detection
      and reduced analysis time. The method used bromo-ketamine as an internal standard
      for quantitation and is linear from 10-25,000 ng/ml. No interferences were shown
      with drugs commonly associated with cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass.
      This assay is sensitive, specific, using either native or derivatized drugs and
      can be used for routine analysis of ketamine and norketamine in plasma or urine.

PMID- 6818239
TI  - Pre-column derivatization with fluorescamine and high-performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis of drugs. Application to tocainide.
AB  - The quantitative determination of tocainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent, by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is reported. The drug and a chemically
      similar internal standard were extracted from blood plasma with acetonitrile
      under salting-out conditions obtained by saturation of the aqueous medium with
      sodium chloride-sodium carbonate. The organic extract, without evaporation, was
      treated with borate buffer (pH 8.2) and fluorescamine. The resulting derivatives
      were chromatographed on an ODS reversed-phase column using a methanol-phosphate
      buffer (pH 7.0) mixture as mobile phase and were detected fluorometrically by
      monitoring the emission at 485 nm, with excitation at 395 nm. The intra-assay
      coefficients of variation were 3.0 and 4.3% for ten replicate 0.25 and 1.00
      microgram/ml samples, respectively, and the inter-assay coefficient of variation
      was 3.6% for ten replicate 1.00 microgram/ml samples. The procedure is simple,
      rapid, sensitive, and specific. Several other drugs and drug metabolites also
      were derivatized with fluorescamine and chromatographed successfully. Pre-column
      derivatization with fluorescamine followed by HPLC with fluorometric detection
      may have significant advantages in drug analysis.

PMID- 6818240
TI  - Determination of mitomycin C in plasma, serum and urine by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with ultra-violet and electrochemical detection.
AB  - The performance of a number of normal phase and reversed-phase systems, with
      ultraviolet detection at 360 nm, has been investigated with respect to their
      applicability to pharmacokinetic studies of mitomycin C (MMC). The reversed-phase
      system developed was also combined with a polarographic detector in order to
      compare the sensitivity and selectivity of ultraviolet and electrochemical
      detection. A simple isolation procedure, based on the adsorption of MMC on a non
      ionogenic resin, has been developed. The developed assay is applied to a
      pharmacokinetic study from which some examples are given.

PMID- 6818241
TI  - Prepurification and derivatization of alpha-keto acids using hydrazide gel.
      Application in gas chromatography and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6818242
TI  - Simple and rapid chromatographic separation of IgM using microcolumns and stained
      sera.
AB  - By adding two different stains to samples of serum it was possible to monitor
      visually the chromatographic separation of the IgM antibody-containing fraction
      from other serum components and to collect this fraction manually. The use of
      microcolumns filled with a medium of very low resistance of flow reduced
      drastically the time for the separation. A simple apparatus is described which
      allows to run up to 10 columns in periods of 3 min. Using this technique, IgM
      antibody-containing fractions from 20 sera can be obtained in 2 h. The efficiency
      of the method was demonstrated using sera from 55 patients with hepatitis A
      infection.

PMID- 6818243
TI  - Isolation of two Brucella abortus biotypes from tissues of a naturally infected
      cow.
AB  - Brucella abortus biotypes 1 and 2 were recovered from various tissues of a
      naturally infected cow. This result indicates a need for biotyping multiple
      isolates of B. abortus from several affected animals in a herd before the biotype
      of the infecting strain can be definitively established.

PMID- 6818244
TI  - Broth microdilution testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and aminoglycosides: need
      for employing dilutions differing by small arithmetic increments.
AB  - The use of dilutions differing by small arithmetic increments was studied as a
      means for improving the definition and measurement of minimum inhibitory
      concentrations and precision parameters for testing Pseudomonas aeruginosa versus
      the aminoglycosides by the broth microdilution test. For five strains of P.
      aeruginosa versus gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, comparisons were made of
      minimum inhibitory concentrations which were replicated in parallel by using
      three microdilution systems: small increment panels prepared by us, modified
      twofold dilution panels prepared by us, and similar modified twofold dilution
      panels obtained commercially. The small increment dilutions were prepared to
      differ by concentrations of 1.0 microgram/ml for gentamicin and tobramycin and by
      2.0 micrograms/ml for amikacin. Use of the small increment dilutions resulted in
      the ability to measure minimum inhibitory concentrations at more closely spaced
      intervals than those dictated by modified twofold dilution schemes, and
      confidence limits were significantly improved. The average coefficient of
      variation for the small increment microdilution test results was 9.5%, with 99.5%
      of minimum inhibitory concentrations falling within +/- 2 small increment
      dilutions from their modal values.

PMID- 6818245
TI  - Phenotypic differences among clinically isolated mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains.
AB  - Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic
      fibrosis or urinary tract infections displayed many phenotypic differences. The
      ratios of D-mannuronosyl to L-guluronosyl moieties of the extracellular alginate
      like polysaccharides produced by the 19 strains examined varied from 99 to 0.8;
      the acetyl content of the polymers varied from 0.38 to 0.02 mol per mole of
      uronosyl residue. The strains also differed with regard to the stability of the
      mucoid phenotype. Of 15 isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, 7 displayed
      stable mucoid phenotypes; 8 isolates were unstable and reverted to the nonmucoid
      phenotype at high frequency. The four strains isolated from patients with urinary
      tract infections were also unstable. Strains from urinary tract infections
      expressed the mucoid phenotype on six different media, both minimal and complex,
      whereas cystic fibrosis-associated strains varied widely with regard to medium
      dependent expression of the mucoid phenotype. Of 15 cystic fibrosis strains, 5
      were mucoid on each of six different media, 4 were mucoid on five media, 1 was
      mucoid on four media, 4 were mucoid on three media, and 1 yielded mucoid colonies
      on only one of the six media tested. There was no obvious correlation among
      polysaccharide structure, stability of the mucoid phenotype, and medium-dependent
      expression of the mucoid phenotype for any of the 19 strains investigated. These
      data suggest that although mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa must share some common
      property related to their ability to colonize their host, this property seems to
      be unrelated to polysaccharide composition, medium-dependent expression of the
      mucoid phenotype, or stability of the mucoid phenotype.

PMID- 6818246
TI  - Enzymatic characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila complex by the API ZYM system.
AB  - Enzymatic characterization of 48 Aeromonas hydrophila complex isolates from
      various sources was determined with the API ZYM system (Analytab Products,
      Plainview, N.Y.). All isolates lacked valine and cystine aminopeptidases,
      chymotrypsin, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta
      glucuronidase but possessed caprylate esterase-lipase, leucine aminopeptidase,
      acid phosphatase, phosphoamidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosidase. Variability was
      found in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, butyrate esterase, myristate
      lipase, trypsin, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucosidase. No
      significant differences were evident among the enzymatic profiles of isolates
      from various sources.

PMID- 6818247
TI  - Comparison of commercially available New York City medium and Martin-Lewis medium
      for recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens.
AB  - In 100 clinical specimens containing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, commercially prepared
      New York City medium in JEMBEC plates was superior to Martin-Lewis medium for
      recovery of gonococci in 49 specimens, equal to Martin-Lewis medium in 43
      specimens, and less effective in 8 specimens.

PMID- 6818248
TI  - Determination of immunoglobulin A in saliva by immunobead enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay: comparison with single radial immunodiffusion.
AB  - For the quantitative measurement of immunoglobulin A in human saliva, an
      immunobead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was investigated in detail. The
      method proved to be fast and sensitive, and it gave reproducible results. There
      was a strong correlation with results obtained by a single radial immunodiffusion
      method. The immunobead method gave 1.8 times higher values than the single radial
      immunodiffusion method with a lower correction factor for low-immunoglobulin A
      saliva and a higher factor for immunoglobulin A-rich saliva.

PMID- 6818249
TI  - Analysis of a single reference strain for determination of gentamicin regression
      line constants and inhibition zone diameter breakpoints in quality control of
      disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing.
AB  - An equation was derived from known formulas to express the size of the inhibition
      zone diameter in the disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test as a function
      of the disk content of antibiotic. The equation permitted a calculation of
      regression line constants for the correlation between zone diameter and the
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with a single reference strain. Analysis
      of reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC
      25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, as well as 12 clinical isolates
      belonging to these species, showed a linearity between zone size squared and the
      logarithm of disk content in tests with 10-, 30-, and 100-micrograms gentamicin
      disks. All three species, however, gave regression line constants which were
      characteristic for the individual bacterial species. Calculations of zone
      diameter breakpoints corresponding to recommended MIC limits with E. coli and P.
      aeruginosa reference strains gave an accurate prediction of gentamicin
      susceptibility. Histogram analysis of 48 strains of Streptococcus faecalis from
      clinical specimens showed a distribution of zone diameter values which would
      result in false classification of susceptibility with breakpoints calculated for
      the other bacterial species studied. Single reference strain analysis of S.
      faecalis ATCC 29212 (gentamicin MIC, 8 micrograms/ml) permitted the calculation
      of breakpoints which accurately assigned the strains tested to the intermediate
      category of susceptibility. Single reference strain analysis offers a quality
      control method for individual laboratories that allows the determination of
      inhibition zone diameter breakpoints corresponding to recommended MIC limits with
      no MIC determinations required.

PMID- 6818250
TI  - Coreactivity of Legionella pneumophila immune sera in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      complement fixation test.
AB  - Sheep and guinea pigs were immunized with cellular and extracellular antigen from
      Legionella pneumophila bacteria. After immunization, the animals developed
      immunoglobulin G titers against the immunizing agent. The same sera were also
      tested in a Mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation test. All the
      preimmunization sera from sheep showed positive M. pneumoniae complement fixation
      tests of varying titers, with significant antibody rises in two of five sheep as
      a result of the Legionella immunizations. In contrast to the sheep, all the
      guinea pigs were negative in the M. pneumoniae complement fixation test, both in
      their preimmunization sera and after completion of the Legionella immunizations.
      The results obtained with the sheep sera may be explained as a nonspecific
      booster effect of Legionella bacteria upon previously elicited immune responses.

PMID- 6818251
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in patients with spinal cord injuries.
AB  - The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization of patients with spinal
      cord injury was studied annually from 1976 to 1980. The urethra, perineum,
      rectum, drainage bag, and urine of patients on the spinal cord injury service
      were cultured. A total of 224 men and 32 women were studied. Most patients were
      managed with an external urinary collection system or padding, with or without
      intermittent catheterization. P. aeruginosa was cultured from one or more body
      sites (urethra, perineum, or rectum) in 65% of men and 18% of women. Drainage
      bags on the beds were frequently colonized with P. aeruginosa (73%). Significant
      bacteriuria with P. aeruginosa was present in 19% of the men and 13% of the
      women. P. aeruginosa colonization of body sites in men was closely associated
      with the use of an external urinary collection system. Significantly greater
      urethral and perineal colonization was found in men using an external urinary
      collection system. P. aeruginosa serotype 11 was the predominant serotype for the
      first 3 years, and the number of patients colonized with serotype 11 increased
      with length of hospital stay. The prevalence of serotype 11 significantly
      decreased in the last 2 years. The antibiotic susceptibility of the strains of P.
      aeruginosa isolated from these patients did not change in the 5 years, except
      that there was increasing susceptibility to carbenicillin in later years. This
      increasing susceptibility to carbenicillin was a reflection of a decreased
      prevalence of serotype 11 in these patients, since serotype 11 was more resistant
      than other serotypes to carbenicillin.

PMID- 6818253
TI  - Causes and implications of variation in hospital utilization.

PMID- 6818252
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the perinea of males with
      spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is found in a high percentage of males with
      spinal cord injury. The perineum is the body site most frequently colonized, and
      specific serotypes may persist for weeks. We examined patients for the presence
      of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the perineum and adjacent body
      sites by using contact plates. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, or both were
      cultured from perineal swabs of 22 male patients. Wells (2.5 cm2) containing agar
      medium selective for these organisms were used to examine samples from 32 sites
      adjacent to the perineum in each patient. P. aeruginosa was most frequently
      cultured from samples taken from the perineum, the scrotum, and the penile shaft.
      K. pneumoniae isolation was more variable; this organism was most commonly found
      on the perineum and scrotum. Rectal swabs, obtained through a proctoscope, were
      positive for P. aeruginosa in four of eight patients with this organism on the
      perineum and positive for K. pneumoniae in eight of nine patients with this
      organism on the perineum. These studies more clearly define the extent of the
      colonization of the perineum and adjacent body sites which provides potential
      reservoirs of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae.

PMID- 6818254
TI  - Cytoarchitecture, neuronal morphology, and some efferent connections of the
      interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in the cat.
AB  - This study describes the cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphology of the
      interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in the cat. In addition, the efferent
      projections of this nucleus to the spinal cord and inferior olive were studied by
      retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The INC was shown to
      extend rostrocaudally for slightly more than 2 mm. Caudally, the nucleus consists
      of a small number of loosely aggregated neurons lying lateral to the ventral
      periaqueductal gray matter at a rostrocaudal level corresponding to the rostral
      one-fifth of the somatic cell columns of the oculomotor nucleus. Rostrally, the
      INC increases in size and reaches its maximum development in its rostral half,
      where it lies ventrolateral to the nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND). Rostrally the
      INC is bounded by the dorsoventrally aligned fibres of the fasciculus
      retroflexus. Two groups of neurons could be distinguished within the INC in both
      normal and HRP-injected material. One group consists of a relatively small number
      of large, oval, pyramidal, fusiform, or multipolar neurons with mean dimensions
      of 40 X 26 micrometers. The second group consists of numerous small to medium
      sized neurons with mean dimensions of 20 X 14 micrometers. Large neurons and some
      cells of the second group contain substantial amounts of Nissl substance
      throughout their perikarya. Some medium-sized to small neurons exhibit
      indentations in their nuclei, and glial cells are often apposed to their cell
      membranes. Golgi-Kopsch preparations taken from kitten showed that INC neurons
      possess sparsely branched, radiating dendritic trees with few spinous processes.
      The majority of INC neurons retrogradely labelled with HRP exhibited similar
      dendritic patterns. Injections of HRP into lesions at cervical, thoracic, or
      lumbar levels of the spinal cord resulted in retrograde labelling of neurons of
      all sizes and shapes throughout the entire length of the INC. However, the
      greatest number of HRP-labelled cells in INC were observed subsequent to
      injections of the enzyme into cervical levels of the cord. Following injections
      of HRP into the inferior olive only small to medium-sized neurons were labelled
      in the nucleus, the majority of which are located in rostral levels of the INC. A
      substantial olivary projection was observed to originate in the nucleus of
      Darkschewitsch (ND) and the nucleus parafascicularis (NPF). The sizes of the
      projections from these two nuclei to the inferior olive appeared to be much
      larger than that from the INC. Smaller numbers of neurons were also observed in
      the rostral parvocellular red nucleus (RN) and mesencephalic reticular formation
      (MRF).

PMID- 6818255
TI  - The effects of duodenal infusion of tri- and dithiomolybdate on plasma copper and
      on the diamine oxidase activity of caeruloplasmin (EC1.16.3.1) in sheep.

PMID- 6818256
TI  - Listeriosis in an adult female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

PMID- 6818257
TI  - Sexual hormone receptors in canine mast cell tumour cytosol.

PMID- 6818259
TI  - The rationale in tooth retention for overdentures.

PMID- 6818258
TI  - Osteoporosis and nutrition.

PMID- 6818260
TI  - Periodontal osseous defects associated with restorative pin perforations.

PMID- 6818261
TI  - Vital root retention.

PMID- 6818262
TI  - The traditional form of group practice: the partnership.

PMID- 6818263
TI  - Instant denture tooth repair using visible light polymerized composites.

PMID- 6818264
TI  - Milk progesterone concentration and production in superovulated Holstein cows.
AB  - Six Holstein cows in a commercial herd (three superovulated and three controls)
      and eight Holstein cows superovulated a total of 12 times in an experimental herd
      were studied. Superovulation was induced primarily by treatment with follicle
      stimulating hormone and prostaglandin F2 alpha. Milk was weighed twice daily for
      30 days following treatment in the commercial herd with no effect on production.
      Milk samples were saved on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday to determine
      progesterone content. Last milk at mid-cycle averaged 8.2 ng/ml of progesterone
      for the cows in the experimental herd, and 7 days after superovulation they
      averaged 52.6 +/- 10.2 ng/ml (mean +/- standard error) of progesterone. The
      correlation with number of embryos recovered was .86. Therefore, milk
      progesterone may be useful in monitoring superovulatory response. Also, injection
      of prostaglandin F2 alpha into superovulated cows 9 days after a previous
      injection did not initiate a new estrous cycle, a fact accurately monitored by
      milk progesterone determinations.

PMID- 6818265
TI  - Effect of beta-naphthoflavone on calf liver metabolism of aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Eight male Holstein calves were raised to 6 wk of age on whole milk at 8% of body
      weight and calf starter ration (15% crude protein) free choice. For each of 2
      days prior to sacrifice, four of the calves were selected at random and
      administered the mixed function oxidase inducer beta-napthoflavone by bolus in
      starch carrier at .005% of metabolic body weight. After sacrifice, 10,000 X g
      postmitochondrial supernatant preparations were made from the excised livers and
      incubated with a 50-micrograms challenge of aflatoxin B1. Although there was no
      significant difference in total percent of the challenge metabolized, there was a
      large increase in aflatoxin M1 production by liver preparations from calves
      administered the flavone inducer. If the flavone family of inducers could alter
      the metabolic profile for aflatoxin in the adult lactating bovine, aflatoxin M1
      excretion rates could be increased and pathways for production of mutagenic
      metabolites could be enhanced.

PMID- 6818266
TI  - CO2 laser treatment of port-wine stains: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6818268
TI  - Health science on stamps.

PMID- 6818267
TI  - Tricalcium phosphate ceramic--a resorbable bone implant: review and current
      status.
AB  - Fourteen animal studies involving the implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate
      ceramic (TPC) in rats, dogs, and primates have shown the material to be effective
      in repairing many types of bony defects. Histological examinations confirm that
      the implant is resorbed and concomitantly replaced by normal bone when firmly
      fixed to freshly cut and bleeding bone. Tissue compatibility has been shown to be
      superior to other synthetic materials. TPC has been used in human clinical
      studies to repair marginal and periapical periodontal defects, as well as
      apexification and miscellaneous alveolar bony defects. When used to repair
      marginal periodontal defects, degrees of repair equaled or exceeded those
      obtained using autogenous bone. Complete bone fill, as evidenced by radiography,
      was observed in the repair of two-and three-walled periapical defects. TPC
      afforded a better barrier than calcium hydroxide in the obturation of open apexes
      and provided equivalent repair. No adverse reactions attributable to TPC have
      been reported.

PMID- 6818269
TI  - [Sodium cromoglycate eyewash in allergic conjunctivitis. Multicentric controlled
      double-blind study. Review of the literature].
AB  - A randomized double-blind trial was conducted in 143 out-patients with allergic
      conjunctivitis (281 eyes). Active sodium cromoglycate collyre was compared with
      placebo in parallel groups over a four-week period. Highly significant advantage
      for active drug was demonstrated for subjective and objective symptoms as well as
      for overall assessment by patients and physicians. Results were compared with
      international data concerning this well-known anti-allergic compound.

PMID- 6818270
TI  - Lack of dissociation of prolactin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone and
      metoclopramide in chronic alcoholic men.
AB  - Prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone responses to
      thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide were determined in 12
      alcoholic men with biopsy proven liver disease and were compared to those of 8
      age matched normal controls. All subjects were challenged with TRH (400
      micrograms) and metoclopramide (10 mg) given as an intravenous bolus each on a
      separate day. Alcoholics had increased basal prolactin and growth hormone levels
      compared to controls. Alcoholics had a brisk and statistically significant (p
      less than 0.01) response for each of the 3 hormones studied in response to TRH.
      In contrast to the alcoholics, the controls did not demonstrate a growth hormone
      response to TRH. Moreover, the TSH response to TRH of the alcoholics was
      exaggerated (p less than 0.05) compared to that of the controls. In response to
      metoclopramide, alcoholics had a brisk prolactin response, failed to demonstrate
      a TSH response, and had a decline in growth hormone when compared to controls.
      These results for alcoholics with liver disease differ from those reported for
      individuals with renal failure while those for the controls are similar to
      previously reported normal responses. These data suggest that liver disease and
      renal disease must differ in terms of their patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary
      neuroregulation as documented by their differing pituitary hormone responses to
      TRH and metoclopramide.

PMID- 6818272
TI  - Antibacterial activity of cephamandole--a new antibiotic.

PMID- 6818271
TI  - Does calcitonin modulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion?
AB  - In a group of 5 healthy subjects salmon CT (sCT) infusion was unable to induce
      significant variations on basal secretory levels of LH, FSH, PRL and TSH. In a
      second group of 5 normal subjects, GnRH and TRH tests were performed both during
      sCT and saline infusion; a clear inhibition of TSH-stimulated levels and of PRL
      area was documented, while gonadotropin secretion was not significantly affected
      by sCT infusion. These results suggest that CT effect might be attributed to a
      change in intracellular calcium of pituitary cells; however the different
      behavior between TRH-and GnRH-stimulated hormones might be due to a different
      hormonal release mechanism. Furthermore the widespread recognition of CT-like
      immunoreactivity in adenohypophysis and in portions of the central nervous system
      suggests that CT may be a neurotransmitter or paracrine regulator.

PMID- 6818273
TI  - Premeiotic male recombination in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The analysis of the cosegregation of recombinant and sex chromosomes in D.
      melanogaster by Hiraizumi to determine time of origin of the male recombination
      event(s) has been extended to include a heterologous autosome. Recombination in
      F1 males was measured simultaneously in marked second and third chromosomes. The
      results of crosses of unrelated strains in two laboratories revealed a
      significant excess of pairs of like-recombinant flies in the same brood that also
      were of the same sex and of identical genotype for the marked heterologous
      autosome. This nonrandom association of three chromosome pairs following meiosis,
      coupled with a numerical analysis that yielded estimates of the average numbers
      of primary spermatocytes containing either meiotic or premeiotic exchanges,
      provides further evidence that a large proportion of male recombination can be
      explained by premeiotic exchange events. Because of the additional finding of
      small clusters of recombinants in the same brood, it is suggested that male
      recombination is due to exchange in spermatogonia one or two cell divisions prior
      to initiation of meiosis.

PMID- 6818274
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on radiation-induced chromosome loss in female Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Three-day-old adult females of mutagen sensitive mutants: mus (1)101D1,
      mus(1)102D2, mus(1)103D1, mus(1)104D1, mus(1)105D1, mus(3)302D2; meiotic mutants:
      mei-9D2, mei-9D3, mei-218, and controls st, and w, were subjected to 38 degrees C
      for 1 hour and 1200R of gamma rays, brooded daily, and nondisjunction and the
      loss of X chromosomes determined. This was done in an attempt to gain more
      information on the hyperthermia sensitization of radiation-induced damage. In
      several strains the hyperthermia treatment sensitized immature class-1 oocytes-
      the most radiation-resistant stage--to radiation-induced chromosome loss. This
      class of oocytes is believed to have the greatest number of repair enzymes, and
      supports the hypothesis that hyperthermia increases radiation-induced genetic
      damage by interference with repair enzymes. The mature oocytes, which are
      believed to lack repair enzymes (stage 14), were the most sensitive to heat
      treatment and radiation. Hyperthermia failed to increase radiation-induced
      chromosome loss in the meiotic mutants. Hyperthermia may affect excision repair.
      There was no clear-cut correlation between other defective DNA pathways and
      influence of hyperthermia on radiation-induced chromosome loss in Drosophila
      females. The failure of hyperthermia to increase radiation-induced chromosome
      loss in meiotic mutants may indicate that radiation sensitization by hyperthermia
      also may be due to interference with chromosome segregation.

PMID- 6818275
TI  - Surgical and intensification procedures for defining visual pathways with
      cobaltous-lysine.
AB  - The introduction of heavy metals directly into living neuronal tissue has
      received little attention as a method for defining connections in the vertebrate
      nervous system. Procedures are described for the use of cobaltous-lysine to trace
      visual pathways with light microscopy. The success of the technique depends on a
      number of variables including: the method by which the tracer is applied, the
      survival period, and the method of intensification. Best results were obtained by
      soaking the optic nerve of living animals in the filling solution for 24 hr and
      by using a modification of the Timm's silver sulfide intensification procedure.
      Several factors that lead to poor results are discussed. Cobaltous-lysine is
      capable of both anterograde and retrograde labeling and can fill very sparse
      projections. Furthermore, the success of the fill can, at times, be evaluated
      prior to histology.

PMID- 6818276
TI  - A cytological approach to the role of guanine in determining quinacrine
      fluorescence response in eukaryotic chromosomes.
AB  - Photooxidation is believed to preferentially remove guanine (G) residues from
      chromosomal DNA. G interspersion, moreover, has been hypothesized as quenching
      quinacrine (Q) fluorescence in cytological preparations. Hence, we used
      photooxidation as a tool for inducing possible changes in the Q-banding pattern
      of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila virilis, and Mus musculus metaphase
      chromosomes. An enhanced Q fluorescence, which was particularly evident in
      certain chromosomal regions, was found. This finding would support the postulated
      primary role of G in determining Q bands in eukaryotic chromosomes.

PMID- 6818277
TI  - Acrolein/glutaraldehyde as a fixative for combined light and electron microscopic
      immunocytochemical detection of pituitary hormones in immersion-fixed tissue.
AB  - In an attempt to find a fixative that has a wide range of application in
      immunocytochemical studies of pituitary tissue, we have investigated the use of
      acrolein fixation followed by postfixation in osmium. Pituitary glands were
      excised and immersion-fixed in 2 or 5% acrolein/0.25% glutaraldehyde for 1, 2.5,
      5, or 24 hr. Some tissues were subsequently postfixed in 1% OsO4 for 1.5 hr
      before embedding in Epon-Araldite. Sections were collected for both light and
      electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, employing several pituitary hormone
      antisera. Fixation for 2.5 hr with 2% acrolein/0.25% glutaraldehyde followed by
      osmication resulted in good staining for both light and electron microscopy with
      all antisera employed. Furthermore, the rapid penetration qualities of this
      fixative resulted in good ultrastructural preservation throughout the tissue.

PMID- 6818278
TI  - Human astrovirus serotypes.
AB  - Two serotypes of human astroviruses are described. It is proposed that these
      should be called serotype 1 and serotype 2. Using antisera to these two types, 13
      of 15 other community-acquired strains were able to be typed, 12 as serotype 1
      and one as serotype 2.

PMID- 6818279
TI  - Influence of time, temperature and coagulation on the measurement of C3, C3 split
      products and C4.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative immunoelectrophoretic analyses of circulating C3, C3
      split products and C4 were performed in matched EDTA plasma and serum obtained
      from 5 normal subjects and stored for up to 48 h at room temperature (18 degrees
      C-22 degrees C) and 4 degrees C. Fluctuations in apparent levels of C3 were
      greater in serum than plasma stored at room temperature, a fall in levels seen by
      24 h being followed by a significant increase. By contrast, levels of C3 did not
      alter if stored at 4 degrees C. C4 levels in both EDTA plasma and serum remained
      unchanged for 24 h, a slight decrease being seen at 48 h. Levels of C4 remained
      constant if samples were stored at 4 degrees C. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      revealed a significant progressive decrease in C3 levels and a simultaneous
      increase in C3c occurring after 4 h in serum and 8 h in EDTA plasma, stored at
      room temperature. In studies conducted at 4 degrees C, similar but delayed
      fluctuations were seen. A progressive and significant increase in C3d levels was
      seen in both plasma and serum samples stored at room temperature, levels rising
      to 276% (plasma) and 308% (serum) of levels seen at zero time. At 4 degrees C
      marginal increases in C3d levels only were observed. These results suggest that
      in vitro degradation of C3 and C4 are readily facilitated by temperature, time
      and coagulation, and that conditions of collection and storage of samples must be
      optimized for the accurate definition of activation of the complement cascade.

PMID- 6818280
TI  - Quantitation of tumor growth in the ears of mice.
AB  - Transplantation of ascitic P-815 mastocytoma cells intradermally in the ears of
      syngeneic DBA/2J mice allows a simple and precise quantitation of tumor growth by
      ear swelling. Tumor growth was retarded and then arrested in allogeneic DBA/1J
      mice, whereas syngeneic hosts died as a result of tumor dissemination in draining
      lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

PMID- 6818281
TI  - A solid-phase ELISA for human galactosyltransferase.
AB  - Monospecific rabbit anti-human milk galactosyltransferase antibodies were used to
      develop a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the human
      milk enzyme. The assay was based on competition with galactosyltransferase
      phosphatase conjugate. The detection limit of the standard curve was 30 ng/ml.
      Galactosyltransferase was quantified in dialyzed milk samples by ELISA with
      variation coefficients of less than 7.7% and between 6.8 and 18.8% within and
      between assays, respectively. The average content was 61 +/- 19 microgram/ml. The
      assay proved suitable for quantitation of partially purified enzyme preparations
      in body fluids.

PMID- 6818282
TI  - Electromicroelution and microfingerprinting of radiolabeled immunoglobulins from
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - An apparatus for electromicroelution from gel slices is described. After 20 min
      70-90% of radiolabeled molecules can be extracted from the gel and recovered in
      100 mul of buffer. The extracted molecules could be analysed in SDS-PAGE after
      reduction or could be split to perform microfingerprints (4 cm X 4 cm). This
      method has been used in several studies on membrane molecules (Fc gamma receptor,
      surface IgD, T cell receptor).

PMID- 6818283
TI  - [Hepatitis B antigen and antibody in children at Yaeyama district. Okinawa
      prefecture].

PMID- 6818284
TI  - [Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli from wild animals in Yamaguchi].

PMID- 6818285
TI  - [Study in sugar fermentation tests of Neisseria gonorrhoeae].

PMID- 6818286
TI  - [Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus].

PMID- 6818287
TI  - Epidemiological studies on prediction about food poisoning outbreaks by
      discriminant function -on each year equation and forward prediction.

PMID- 6818288
TI  - [Hepatitis A and Salmonella enteritis complicated with malaria].

PMID- 6818290
TI  - [Successful chemotherapy of multiple liver abscesses in both lobes].

PMID- 6818289
TI  - [A case of mycoplasma pneumonia, complicated with a severe hemolytic anemia and
      transient-M-proteinemia].

PMID- 6818291
TI  - [A case of successfully treated candida tropicalis with 5-fluorocytosine in a
      patient of APL].

PMID- 6818292
TI  - Current concepts in the diagnosis of systemic mycoses.

PMID- 6818293
TI  - [Production of IgE antibody against improved DPT vaccine in rats].

PMID- 6818294
TI  - [Serological response to Campylobacter jejuni infection: enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 6818295
TI  - [Evaluation of rubella antibodies in pregnant women by ELISA and the responses of
      young women to (rubella vaccines)].

PMID- 6818296
TI  - [Evaluation of blood concentrations and audiometric responses following
      administration of tobramycin in newborn infants--the brain stem auditory
      response].

PMID- 6818297
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on a sustained preparation of amoxicillin (C
      AMOX) in the fields of internal medicine].

PMID- 6818298
TI  - [Case of vulvovaginitis due to Shigella flexneri 2a].

PMID- 6818299
TI  - [Case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a history of chronic rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 6818300
TI  - [Clinical and bacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina: (5).
      Variations of vaginal microbial flora associated with pregnancy and vaginitis].

PMID- 6818301
TI  - [Epidemiological, immunological and etiological study on tsutsugamushi disease in
      Miyazaki district].

PMID- 6818302
TI  - [Growth of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, isolated in Miyazaki district, in BSC-1
      cell].

PMID- 6818303
TI  - [Experimental studies on prevention of experimental salmonellosis (5). Humoral
      immune responses in protective immunity with purified SPA of S. enteritidis].

PMID- 6818304
TI  - [Septicemia due to Aeromonas species: clinical and bacteriological aspects].

PMID- 6818306
TI  - [Infective endocarditis due to a nutritionally variant streptococcus].

PMID- 6818305
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of clindamycin-2-phosphate in the treatment of various
      otorhinolaryngological infections--a multi-center study using an identical
      protocol].

PMID- 6818307
TI  - [A familial case of bacillary dysentery caused by gas producing Shigella boydii
      14].

PMID- 6818308
TI  - [Isolation and identification of Gemella haemolysans from a patient with
      septicemia associated with heart valve disease].

PMID- 6818309
TI  - [Vaso dilatory response of coronary artery to nitroglycerin in patients with and
      without coronary spasm].

PMID- 6818310
TI  - [Effects of bromocriptine and dopamine on pituitary hormone secretion in women].
AB  - The present study was designed to examine whether a dopamine agonist,
      bromocriptine (Brc) exerts similar effects as dopamine (DA) on the pituitary
      hormones secretion and also to investigate the interaction of these dopaminergic
      agents and a dopamine receptor antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP) on the DA
      receptors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Thirty normal cycling women in the
      midfollicular phase volunteered for this study. Following the administration of
      Brc (2.5mg, orally) to 13 subjects, a partially significant fall in LH levels,
      but not in FSH levels, during 4h was observed. DA, infused at a rate of 5
      micrograms/kg/min for 4h, induced a significant fall in LH levels between 1 and
      4h, but in FSH levels only at 2.5h after the start of infusion in 9 subjects. The
      amplitude of the spontaneous pulsations of LH secretion which was observed in 8
      control subjects, was diminished by DA, while the amplitude seemed to be
      augmented by Brc. The administration of MCP (10mg, i.v.) to all subjects at 3h
      during the 4h experimental period caused no observable change in LH and FSH
      levels. A significant and progressive decline in PRL levels was observed in both
      Brc-and DA-treated groups of subjects, and this PRL-lowering effect was markedly
      counteracted by MCP administration in DA-treated group, but not in Brc-treated
      group. Brc induced a widely varying but significant rise in GH levels, with which
      MCP did not appear to interfere, whereas DA failed to cause any significant
      changes in GH levels. These data suggest that Brc, in contrast with DA, seems to
      be able to increase the pulse amplitude, but not the basal level, of LH and to
      stimulate GH secretion. Brc is also regarded to be a potent and unique PRL
      inhibitor, because its PRL-lowering effect cannot be easily antagonized by MCP.

PMID- 6818311
TI  - [Relationship between circulating androgens and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
      in anovulatory patients treated with hMG-hCG].
AB  - In order to evaluate relationship between circulating androgens levels and
      development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS) in anovulatory patients
      treated sequentially with hMG and hCG, serum concentrations of androstenedione
      (A), testosterone (T) as well as estradiol (Ed) were measured serially in a total
      of 17 anovulatory patients including 9 who did not develop OHS and 8 who
      developed mild or moderate OHS. Increase of Ed levels during the period of hMG
      treatment varied remarkably in individual patients with OHS ranging from 7.2 to
      190.1 times as much the pretreatment value. On the other hand, increase of A
      levels during the hMG treatment was recorded in the range from 2.0 to 3.2 times
      as much the pretreatment value in 4 patients with mild OHS, and from 1.5 to 5.9
      in 4 patients with moderate OHS. However, the ratio of A increase remained within
      1.4 times in patients without OHS. A transient increase of circulating T was
      observed in 2 days after commencement of hCG treatment, ranging between 1.4 and
      3.2 times in patients without OHS, between 1.8 and 2.4 times in patients with
      mild OHS and between 3.8 and 6.8 times in patients with moderate OHS. It is
      concluded that serial measurements of A and T during the course of hMG and hCG
      treatments respectively appear to be an additional index other than Ed to predict
      development of OHS.

PMID- 6818312
TI  - [Comparison of the pituitary-gonadal functions in men and women].
AB  - Changes in the levels of several plasma hormones were studied endocrinologically
      in healthy men and women. A marked decrease in estradiol at age 50 followed by a
      gradual decline with increasing age was observed in women. Much higher estradiol
      levels were found in women before age 50. Progesterone levels were quite low
      after age 40 in both sexes. Testosterone levels were significantly higher in men
      than in women. In men, however, the levels showed a tendency to decrease after
      age 75 and those in women demonstrated a significant decrease after age 50. A
      gradual increase in FSH after age 45 and LH after 60 was found in men, while a
      striking increase in both was noticed in women at age 50. Higher prolactin levels
      were observed in men after age 65, but there was no difference according to sex.
      No changes in the levels of TSH either with increasing age or according to sex
      were observed. Although similar degrees of pituitary responsiveness to LH.RH test
      over adult to senile periods were revealed, a somewhat delayed response was seen
      in men after age 60.

PMID- 6818313
TI  - [Treatment of Parkinson disease].

PMID- 6818314
TI  - Medical management of sensorineural hearing loss. Part II: Musculo-skeletal
      system.

PMID- 6818315
TI  - Developmentally regulated gene expression in Drosophila larval fat bodies.
AB  - During third-instar larval development of Drosophila melanogaster, the fat body
      tissue synthesizes six major methionine-containing polypeptides, three of which
      are the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of the hexameric larval serum protein LSP
      1, a fourth is the single subunit of the hexameric larval serum protein LSP-2,
      and the other two are polypeptides P6 and P1. Genomic DNA clones of the six
      structural genes for the polypeptides were isolated and characterized. Each gene
      maps by in situ hybridization at a single chromosomal site and appears to be
      present as a single copy in the genome. The LSP-1 and LSP-2 genes show striking
      regulatory similarities: The LSP-1 beta and gamma transcripts are first detected
      in fat bodies within an hour after the second molt, and the LSP-1 alpha and LSP-2
      transcripts a few hours later; the four transcripts are subsequently maintained
      at high levels during most of the third instar and rapidly decrease shortly
      before pupariation. Ecdysterone increases the levels of at least three of the
      four LSP transcripts in the fat bodies when ecdysterone-deficient larvae from the
      temperature-sensitive mutant ecd1 are supplemented with the hormone. The
      regulatory characteristics of the P6 and P1 genes differ in several ways from
      those of the LSP genes. Expression of the P6 and P1 genes begins later than the
      LSP genes, and the levels of the transcripts remain high at the end of the third
      instar after the LSP transcripts have markedly decreased. Ecdysterone increases
      the level of the P1 transcript, but not of the P6 transcript, in ecdysterone
      deficient ecd1 larvae.

PMID- 6818316
TI  - The pattern of campaniform sensilla on the wing and haltere of Drosophila
      melanogaster and several of its homeotic mutants.
AB  - A detailed mapping and description of campaniform sensilla on the wing and
      haltere of Drosophila melanogaster is provided. Six types of sensilla are
      distinguished. Similarities in the pattern of their distribution on the dorsal
      and ventral surfaces of each appendage, as well as between the wing and haltere,
      are apparent. These data are used to assess the quality of homeotic
      transformation in several mutants of the bithorax complex in which the halteres
      are transformed into wings. Flies homozygous for abxbx3pbx produce a complete
      inventory of wing sensilla on the homeotic appendage. In abx, bx3 and bx3pbx
      homozygotes the transformation of haltere into wing is incomplete, and each
      mutant shows characteristic fields of haltere and wing sensilla. It appears that
      specific regions of the anterior haltere compartment require different
      combinations of mutant alleles to produce a distinct homeotic transformation.
      Furthermore, the pbx mutation appears to influence expression of the bx3 mutation
      within the anterior compartment.

PMID- 6818317
TI  - Mutant monoclonal antibodies with alterations in biological functions.
AB  - Somatic cell mutants with deletions in the immunoglobulin constant region were
      isolated from an IgG(2b) Ar-binding hybridoma. Rat anti-mouse immunoglobulins
      were used to identify the sites of the deletions. The mutant monoclonal
      antibodies differ from the parental molecule in their assembly states and are
      defective in various immunoglobulin activities, making them potentially more
      useful reagents.

PMID- 6818318
TI  - Activation of complement by serum-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Assembly of
      the membrane attack complex without subsequent cell death.
AB  - Interaction of the human complement system in normal human serum (NHS) with serum
      resistant and -sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated to better understand
      the mechanism of serum-resistance. Complement activity (CH50) was depleted from
      NHS in a dose-dependent fashion by both serum-resistant and -sensitive N.
      gonorrhoeae. No detectable CH50 remained in NHS incubated with 10(9) colony
      forming units (CFU)/ml serum of either resistant or sensitive strains. When
      smaller numbers of bacteria were incubated with NHS, lesser, yet comparable,
      amounts of CH50 were depleted by both resistant and sensitive strains. Hemolytic
      C2 activity was diminished by 33% in the case of resistant N. gonorrhoeae (10(8)
      CFU/ml serum) and by 48% in the case of a sensitive strain. No detectable
      decreases in hemolytic C4 or C7 activities were found with either sensitive or
      resistant strains at this concentration. Both resistant and sensitive strains
      activated C1s in NHS. Resistant strains specifically activated 19-21% of
      radiolabeled C1s in NHS, whereas sensitive strains activated 18-32%. Both
      resistant and sensitive strains also activated C5 in NHS. In binding assays using
      radiolabeled C5 and C9 in NHS, resistant and sensitive strains bound comparable
      amounts of C5 and C9. The number of bound C5 and C9 molecules varied according to
      the number of bacteria or amount of serum used in the assay. The ratio of C9/C5
      bound to a sensitive strain was 6.8, and to a resistant strain was 8.2,
      suggesting that C5 and C9 were incorporated into membrane attack complexes (MAC).
      Electron microscopic examination of resistant and sensitive strains incubated
      with NHS revealed that MAC is bound to the surfaces of the resistant strain as
      well as the sensitive strain.

PMID- 6818319
TI  - Effect of lipopolysaccharide stimulation on the transcription and translation of
      messenger RNA for cell surface immunoglobulin M.
AB  - Analysis of mu-specific mRNA in the B cell tumor line, BCL1, shows that the cells
      contain predominantly mRNA for mu chain of membrane-bound immunoglobulin M (IgM)
      (2.7 kb, mu m mRNA). Stimulation of the cells to Ig secretion by
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a 6-12 fold increase in amount of mRNA for
      the mu chain of secreted IgM (2.4 kb mu s mRNA). The increase in mu s mRNA is
      accompanied by a 3-4-fold increase in mu m mRNA. The rate of mu chain synthesis
      of membrane IgM in LPS-stimulated cells is, however, reduced by at least twofold,
      suggesting that both transcriptional and translational regulatory events are
      involved in the induction of B lymphocytes to secretion.

PMID- 6818320
TI  - Normal human B cells display ordered light chain gene rearrangements and
      deletions.
AB  - Human kappa-producing B cell lines and leukemias retain their excluded lambda
      light chain genes in the germ line configuration, whereas transformed lambda
      producing B cells uniformly rearrange or delete their kappa genes (12). Whether
      the unexpected lambda gene recombinations within malignant lambda-producing B
      cells reflect a normal developmental process or are secondary to transformation
      and specific chromosomal translocations was uncertain. To resolve this issue, we
      purified circulating lambda-bearing B cells from a normal individual to 97%
      purity by using a series of negative selection steps and a final positive
      selection on a cell sorter. Over 95% of the collective kappa genes in these
      lambda B cells were no longer in their germ line form, with the majority (60%)
      deleted and the remainder present but in a rearranged state. The chromosomal loss
      of the germ line kappa genes included the joining (J kappa) segments as well as
      the constant (C kappa) region, yet the particular variable (V kappa) gene family
      studied was spared. In addition, the incidence of kappa gene deletions was higher
      in long-term than in freshly transformed lambda B cell lines. This implies that
      the deletion of aberrantly rearranged kappa genes may occur as a second event.
      Such a mechanism would serve to eliminate aberrant transcripts and light chain
      fragments that might interfere with the synthesis and assembly of effective
      immunoglobulin molecules. Thus, despite the nearly equal usage of kappa and
      lambda light chain genes in man, there appears to be a sequential order to their
      expression during normal B cell ontogeny in which kappa gene rearrangements
      precede those of lambda.

PMID- 6818321
TI  - A study on melanogenesis and catecholamine biosynthesis during Bufo bufo
      development.
AB  - Tyrosinase and L-DOPA decarboxylase activities have been investigated during Bufo
      bufo development since catecholamines and melanin are formed from common
      substrates in homologous cells. Catecholamines first appear at stage 13 (neural
      plate), but tyrosinase, at a very low level, and L-DOPA decarboxylase are present
      throughout all of prior development. Hence, L-DOPA decarboxylase activity is not
      likely to be correlated with the control of catecholamine synthesis, although at
      stage 17 it is mainly localized in the nonneural part of the embryo. The
      distribution of young melanosomes and L-DOPA decarboxylase suggest a separation
      between melanogenesis and catecholamine synthesis.

PMID- 6818322
TI  - Origin of melanosome structures and cytochemical localizations of tyrosinase
      activity in differentiating epidermal melanocytes of newborn mouse skin.
AB  - The mode of differentiation of epidermal melanocytes was studied by
      ultrastructural cytochemistry in the skin of newborn mice of strain C57BL/10J.
      From observations of epidermal melanoblasts and melanocytes, stage I melanosomes,
      including both unit membranes and inner matrices, appear to be formed from Golgi
      vacuoles or rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Stage I melanosomes were positive
      to ammoniacal silver-nitrate reaction in the melanoblasts of 1-day-old mice. All
      stages of melanosomes were similarly positive in the differentiating melanocytes
      of 2-day-old mice. However, Golgi apparatus, RER, and vesicles were negative.
      Therefore, it is conceivable that structural proteins, originated from Golgi
      vacuoles or RER, are developed into specialized proteins and are detected by this
      reaction in stage I melanosomes. Stage I melanosomes were dopa-negative in the
      melanoblasts. Stage I and II melanosomes were similarly negative in the
      differentiating melanocytes. Thus, the melanoblasts are thought to begin
      production of stage I melanosomes prior to the onset of tyrosinase activity. In
      the differentiating melanocytes, dopa-melanin depositions were observed in stage
      III and IV melanosomes, trans Golgi saccules, and small vesicles derived from
      these saccules, but not in RER. These vesicles were in contact with, or fused to,
      melanosomes. These findings suggest that tyrosinase may be transferred by Golgi
      vesicles into stage I and II melanosomes originating from Golgi vacuoles or RER.

PMID- 6818323
TI  - Oscillatory activity of maturation promoting factor (MPF) in extracts of Rana
      pipiens eggs.
AB  - Dejellied Rana pipiens eggs were crushed by centrifugation and clear extracts
      were prepared by further centrifugation at 150,000 X G for 2 h. The extracts were
      kept at 0 degrees C for 2 to 3 weeks. At intervals during the storage period, 80
      nl aliquots were injected into ovarian oocytes to assay maturation promoting
      factor (MPF). In most cases, MPF activity disappeared from the extracts on day 3
      or 4, but reappeared on the following days and persisted 2 or 3 days at high
      levels before disappearing again. The cycle of MPF activity in extracts was
      repeated fairly regularly a few times during storage of the extracts. The average
      period of the oscillation was 5.05 + 1.25 days. If a single extract was assayed
      by oocytes from different frogs, all the assays exhibited exactly the same
      patterns of changes in MPF activity during storage of the extract. This indicates
      that the oscillations in MPF activity observed during storage of the extracts
      reflect changes in MPF activity intrinsic to the extracts, rather than
      fluctuations in the sensitivity of recipient oocytes to MPF. The reappearance of
      MPF activity in stored extracts was sensitive to Ca and dependent on Mg ions. The
      MPF activity that recurred periodically in cold-stored extracts was
      indistinguishable from that contained in fresh extracts, since oocytes induced to
      mature by the recurring MPF activity had chromosomes condensed to meiotic
      metaphase and were capable of cleavage when injected with a sperm suspension. The
      oscillatory behavior of MPF activity observed in this study may be comprehended
      on a conceptual basis by aid of a kinetic model.

PMID- 6818324
TI  - Factors controlling the ovarian cycle in a temperate zone anuran, the toad Bufo
      bufo: food uptake, nutritional state, and gonadotropin.
AB  - The relations between nutritional state and vitellogenic growth of oocytes were
      studied in 87 sexually mature female toads Bufo bufo during the postbreeding
      season before initiation of the next annual ovarian cycle. Recruitment of small
      oocytes to vitellogenic growth was correlated with resumption of food uptake and
      the restoration of a positive energy balance in the toads that had become
      depleted of energy reserves during hibernation and breeding. Treatment with
      exogenous gonadotropin (hCG) immediately initiated vitellogenic growth,
      independently of the nutritional state. But the hCG-induced vitellogenic growth
      was faster in toads that ate more than the maintenance ration than in those that
      ate less. hCG also maintained rapid vitellogenic growth in toads that starved
      after an initial period of feeding during which vitellogenic growth had been
      resumed. The results support the hypothesis that the period of ovarian
      quiescence, which normally follows breeding in Bufo bufo, and other anurans from
      the northern range of distribution of the species, results from inactivation of
      the hypothalamic-hypophysial gonadotropic system, and that reactivation of the
      system depends upon reestablishment of a proper nutritional state of the
      organism.

PMID- 6818325
TI  - Post-detonation traces of nitroglycerin on polymeric materials: recovery and
      persistence.

PMID- 6818326
TI  - Effect of glucose and amino acids on expression of K99 antigen in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - K99 antigen production by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of bovine
      origin was investigated by slide agglutination and in vitro attachment to
      intestinal villi. Work with two strains (B41 and B44) showed that on minimal
      medium M2, K99 antigen was not repressed by a high concentration of glucose (2%,
      w/v). Growth on synthetic or complex medium did not affect K99 antigen detection,
      which was independent of capsular antigens, and its synthesis was not repressed
      by Casamino acids or glucose. A survey of 12 strains revealed two groups: in one
      group K99 antigen production was constitutive on basal medium without glucose,
      and in the second group K99 antigen was produced only in the presence of glucose.
      Immunoelectrophoresis patterns, and the results of slide agglutination and
      attachment tests, were dependent upon K99 type, whereas haemagglutination
      patterns were not.

PMID- 6818327
TI  - Fatty acid composition of some mycolic acid-containing coryneform bacteria.
AB  - The fatty acid profiles of 74 strains of mycolic acid-containing coryneform
      bacteria were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. All of the strains contained
      major amounts of straight-chain and monounsaturated fatty acids although some
      also possessed substantial amounts of 10-methyloctadecanoic acid. Iso- and
      anteiso-branched acids were not present. Five distinct fatty acid patterns were
      evident: (i) Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and 'C. ulcerans'
      strains contained major amounts of hexadecanoic and hexadecenoic acids; (ii) C.
      glutamicum, C. xerosis and related saprophytic and animal-associated strains,
      predominantly hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids; (iii) C. bovis, major amounts
      of octadecenoic and 10-methyloctadecanoic acids; (iv) 'C. mycetoides',
      significant amounts of heptadecanoic acid as well as hexadecanoic and
      octadecenoic acids; and (v) strains related to Rhodococcus possessed significant
      quantities of 10-methyloctadecanoic acid in addition to straight-chain and
      monounsaturated acids.

PMID- 6818329
TI  - Facile in vivo transfer of mutations between the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and
      a plasmid harbouring homologous DNA.
AB  - Transformation of Bacillus subtilis strains carrying the point mutations spoIIA42
      or spoIIA69 by a plasmid, pHM2, carrying the spoIIA+ allele gave occasional
      recombinants in which the plasmid had acquired the chromosomal mutation.
      Transformation of a spo+ strain by these derivative plasmids gave occasional
      recombinants in which the chromosome of the recipient had acquired the plasmid
      borne spoIIA mutation. Both types of behaviour were recE+-dependent. Mutations
      spoIIA42 and spoIIA69 fell into a single complementation group.

PMID- 6818328
TI  - Carbohydrate mediation of the biological activities of the glycolipoprotein of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The glycolipoprotein (GLP) extracted from the surface slime of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa produces effects in mice similar to those of the viable cell. The
      lethal activity has been located in the lipid moiety; however, degradation of the
      carbohydrate moiety with sodium metaperiodate reduced the antigenicity and
      abolished the lethality of the GLP. Similar degradation with a phage-induced
      polysaccharide depolymerase reduced the antigenicity only slightly but reduced
      the lethality over 60%. The neutral sugar composition of the isolated
      polysaccharide moiety was shown to be that of the parental GLP. Of the component
      neutral sugars, mannose and its derivatives were capable of inhibiting the
      agglutination of erythrocytes coated with GLP. Inhibition also occurred with a
      soluble mannose polymer from the cell walls of yeast. Antiserum to GLP and to its
      isolated polysaccharide moiety agglutinated yeast cells, whereas antiserum to a
      glycolipid fragment of the GLP lacking mannose did not. The lethality of the GLP
      was reduced by degradation with alpha-mannosidase or by blocking the mannose
      residues with concanavalin A, and the glycolipid fragment showed less lethality
      than the native GLP. We conclude that mannose, in addition to being an
      immunodominant sugar, is an effector sugar in the expression of GLP lethality.

PMID- 6818330
TI  - Inhibition by glucocorticosteroid hormones of interferon and prostaglandin E
      induction by poly(rI). Poly(rC).
AB  - We have examined the relationship between induction of interferon (IFN) and
      prostaglandin E (PGE) production by poly(rI).poly(rC) in cultured human foreskin
      fibroblasts (FS11). Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone (2 . 5 x 10(-7) M), which
      are known inhibitors of PGE synthesis, significantly decreased the induction of
      both IFN and PGE in IFN-pretreated (primed) cells. Desoxycorticosterone,
      progesterone and estradiol were devoid of this activity. Hydrocortisone also
      blocked the induction of IFN by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), cycloheximide and
      actinomycin D in FS11 cells. Arachidonic acid overcame the inhibitory effect of
      hydrocortisone on PGE production, but failed to restore IFN production in the
      presence of the steroid. Moreover, the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors,
      indomethacin, aspirin and flufenamic acid, did not change IFN production by dsRNA
      in primed FS11 cells, although prostaglandin synthesis was abolished. Although
      the induction of IFN and PGE by poly(rI).poly(rC) might be consequences of the
      same initial event in the cell, the accumulation of PGE does not seem to have a
      regulatory effect on the synthesis of IFN in this system.

PMID- 6818331
TI  - Further studies on the erythrocyte uptake of lead in vitro in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis (ALS) patients and controls. Abnormal erythrocyte fragility in ALS.
AB  - Following our earlier observations on increased plasma concentrations of lead in
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the erythrocyte uptake of lead from plasma
      has been studied in vitro. Whole-blood from ALS patients and controls was
      incubated after the addition of lead (0.6 mumol/l whole-blood) and plasma lead
      concentrations were repeatedly determined. Incubation was continued until
      haemolysis developed. Fairly stable plasma lead concentrations were established
      at, on the average, 0.5-0.6 mumol/l after 10-30 min and persisted throughout the
      incubation with no significant difference between ALS- and control samples.
      Unexpectedly, it was also observed that haemolysis occurred significantly earlier
      in the ALS- than in the control samples. Plateau levels in plasma lead
      concentration of the same order as in the present experiments have been observed
      both in ALS- and control samples in previous experiments with the same technique,
      where the lead dose added was twice as high, and these plateau levels were about
      10 times higher than those observed in vivo in ALS patients and controls. It is
      therefore suggested that the final plasma lead concentrations in vivo is
      established by factors other than the erythrocyte uptake and it is improbable
      that the differences between ALS patients and controls in plasma lead
      concentration are associated with differences in the degree of lead uptake by the
      red cells. The increased plasma lead concentrations in ALS patients may instead
      be caused by increased fragility of the erythrocytes, as manifested by the
      earlier occurrence of haemolysis in the present experiments. The observation of
      increased red cell fragility is, however, also of interest as a possible
      manifestation of a generalized membrane defect.

PMID- 6818332
TI  - Apnea following hyperventilation in man.
AB  - To assess the incidence of posthyperventilation apnea (PHA), breathing patterns
      after active voluntary hyperventilation were determined during EEG recording by
      means of: (1) a thermocouple in 1060 patients; (2) a pneumotachograph coupled
      with a capnograph in 100 further patients. All the patients were randomly chosen.
      PHA of 12.6 +/- 0.48 occurred in only 18% of awake subjects and was not related
      to the magnitude of the lowering of end-tidal FECO2 during the test. PHA
      frequency increased when sleep followed hyperventilation and in patients with
      clinical or EEG evidence of cerebral pathology and seemed to be age-related. This
      study supports the hypothesis that in man a central neural mechanism closely
      linked to vigilance and connected with active breathing supplies sufficient
      neural facilitation to prevent the apnea consequent on the decrease in chemical
      humoral stimulation. Posthyperventilation sleep reduces this neural facilitation,
      allowing the lack of chemical stimulation to induce apnea. The high incidence of
      PHA reported in some studies might be due to a decrease in vigilance which was
      not detected by the usual behavioral or electroencephalographic tests.

PMID- 6818333
TI  - The epidemiologic assessment of male reproductive hazard from occupational
      exposure to TDA and DNT.
AB  - Dinitrotoluene (DNT) and toluene diamine (TDA) are intermediates in the
      production of toluene diisocyanate and polyurethane plastics. Some reproductive
      effects in rodents have been reported; and the National Institute for
      Occupational Safety and Health reported probable reproductive toxic effect to
      humans after a preliminary survey. Accordingly, 84 workers exposed to DNT/TDA
      (classified by intensity and recency of exposure) and 119 nonexposed workers were
      studied at Olin's chemical complex at Lake Charles, La. Each worker was the
      subject of a physician's urogenital examination, a reproductive and fertility
      questionnaire, an estimation of testicular volume, an assessment of serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone, and an analysis of semen for sperm count and
      morphology. No differences were found between the exposed and control groups
      among any of these variables. Although both TDA and DNT are readily absorbed
      (percutaneous, inhalation, ingestion), they did not present detectable
      reproductive hazard to the workers.

PMID- 6818334
TI  - The ELISA system for measuring antibody reactive to Fusobacterium nucleatum in
      the sera of patients with chronic periodontitis.
AB  - Humoral IgG, IgA and IgM responses to three typed oral strains of F. nucleatum
      were examined in patients with chronic periodontitis and in individuals with
      clinically healthy gingiva. Attempts were made to isolate F. nucleatum from
      either the pathologic gingival crevices or healthy sulci in this study. Higher
      levels of IgG and IgA reactive to all three strains were observed in the chronic
      periodontitis patients; however, there were no differences between the IgM levels
      in the diseased and healthy individuals. Immunodiffusion studies with rabbit
      antiserum and adsorption studies of the human sera demonstrated a sharing of
      antigenic determinants by the F. nucleatum strains. F. nucleatum strains were
      isolated from 14 of the 15 individuals in the study.

PMID- 6818335
TI  - Studies on the effects of sugars on washed human sperm motility.
AB  - The motility of ejaculated human sperm which was washed thoroughly by Ficoll
      gradient centrifugation to remove seminal plasma was investigated in the presence
      of various concentrations of sugars. Washed human sperm showed high motility in
      an artificial medium containing glucose and fructose, which were major sugar
      components of semen. However, mannitol and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose had no effect on
      sperm motility. Dose-response curves of sperm motility in the additions of
      glucose or fructose were bell-shaped. The maximum sperm motility was found in the
      medium with 1 mM glucose or 15 mM fructose. When, however, both 1 mM glucose and
      15 mM fructose were added to the medium, sperm motility was higher than that with
      an individual sugar. Although phlorizin decreased glucose activated sperm
      motility, it has no effect in case fructose was the activator. The results
      suggest that the effect of glucose on human sperm motility is due to a different
      mechanism from that of fructose.

PMID- 6818336
TI  - Involvement of central noradrenergic system in thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      induced behavioral excitement in 6-OHDOPA-treated, infant rats.
AB  - A subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 20 mg/kg,
      produced body shake and struggle, consequently induced an increase of count in
      ANIMEX activity meter in 7-day-old rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHDOPA),
      75 mg/kg, on days 0, 2 and 4. TRH-induced behavioral excitement was markedly
      attenuated in the infant animals which were injected desmethylimipramine, 5
      mg/kg, 30 min before 6-OHDOPA on days 0, 2 and 4. It is suggested that central
      catecholaminergic, in particular, noradrenergic system is involved in TRH-induced
      body shake and struggle in 6-OHDOPA-treated, infant rats.

PMID- 6818337
TI  - Vaginal absorption of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog
      (leuprolide) in rats I: absorption by various routes and absorption enhancement.
AB  - The absorption of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog
      (leuprolide) through different routes was evaluated by determining the ovulation
      inducing activity in diestrous rats. Vaginal administration showed the greatest
      potency among nonparenteral routes and was followed successively by rectal,
      nasal, and oral administration. Mixed micellar solution with monoolein-bile acids
      improved the intestinal absorption of leuprolide, and nasal absorption was
      enhanced by adding sodium glycocholate, surfactin, or polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl
      ether, but these bioavailabilities were still insufficient. The vaginal
      absorption was enhanced by organic acids: citric, succinic, tartaric, and
      glycocholic; the absolute bioavailability increased to approximately 20%. The
      vaginal absorption from jellies, as practical dosage forms, yielded sufficient
      activity of leuprolide, but absorption was slightly reduced with highly polar
      polymers or with higher concentrations of polymers. It was concluded that vaginal
      administration of leuprolide can be a rational dosage method for a long-term
      antitumor therapy.

PMID- 6818338
TI  - Central chemosensitivity and the reaction theory.

PMID- 6818339
TI  - Local vasoactivity of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the right coronary circulation
      of the dog and pig.
AB  - 1. Eight mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with sodium thiamylal and chloralose
      urethane, ventilated, vagotomized and heparinized. Five Poland-China pigs were
      anaesthetized with sodium thiamylal and nitrous oxide, ventilated, vagotomized
      and heparinized. 2. Extracorporeal perfusion of the right coronary artery at
      constant pressure (100 mmHg) was instituted. A lung from a donor animal was
      interposed in the coronary perfusion circuit to effect changes in CO2 and O2
      tensions in the coronary arterial blood while systemic blood gases were
      maintained at normal levels. 3. Local hypoxia (PO2 range 17-22 mmHg) produced a
      25-75% decrease in coronary vascular resistance (P less than 0.05) and a 0-24%
      (not significant) decrease in right ventricular dP/dt. 4. Local changes in PCO2
      over the range 8-105 mmHg were associated with a 17-58% decrease in coronary
      vascular resistance (P less than 0.05), a 19-24% decrease in right ventricular
      dP/dt (P less than 0.05) with no change in right ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure, and a 1-18% (not significant) decrease in heart rate. 5. These studies
      suggest that local decreases in O2 or increases in CO2 tensions produce decreases
      in right coronary vascular resistance that are in the opposite direction to those
      that would be expected from the observed changes in heart rate and contractility
      (two primary determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption). 6. These data
      support the hypothesis that CO2 and O2 are locally vasoactive in the coronary
      circulation.

PMID- 6818340
TI  - The effect of low external pH on properties of the paracellular pathway and
      junctional structure in isolated frog skin.
AB  - 1. Undirectional and net fluxes of Na, Cl and mannitol were measured across the
      isolated short-circuited frog skin when the mucosal surface was bathed with
      Ringer solution at normal (7.4) or low (2.5) pH. When this solution was changed
      from normal to low pH, there was a marked increase in both influx and backflux of
      Cl and mannitol. Na backflux increased markedly but Na influx did not, resulting
      in a substantial decrease in net flux. 2. In open-circuit conditions at low pH
      both undirectional fluxes of Na increased and the potential across the skin
      dropped by a third. 3. The total conductance, Gt and the short-circuit current,
      Isc increased when the mucosal solution was changed from normal to low pH. The
      structural integrity of the 'tight junctions' in the epithelium was disrupted by
      the low pH treatment and at least 50% of the junctions examined showed a
      separation of the two, previously apposed, membranes. 4. It has been shown
      previously that when a low pH solution bathes the mucosal surface the total and
      shunt conductance increase; the present results demonstrate that under these
      conditions the short-circuit current no longer provides a good estimate of the
      net Na flux. We present calculations to show that protons can be the carriers for
      the extra charge transfer. 5. Using our values for net Na flux in open circuit
      and published values for the solute-linked volume flow, Jv, it could be shown
      that the osmolarity of the absorbate decreased at low pH.

PMID- 6818341
TI  - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. An unusual duodenal image. Apropos of 3
      cases].
AB  - A rarely observed digestive tract disorder, an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum
      is usually discovered during the course of a barium gastroduodenal follow-through
      examination. Radiological appearances are characteristic: intraluminal globular
      opaque image surrounded by a clear border. Clinical signs are absent or non
      specific, and surgery is rarely indicated, except when the lesions are poorly
      tolerated or complications develop.

PMID- 6818342
TI  - X-ray mammography and diaphanography in screening for breast cancer.
AB  - Modern low-dose dedicated x-ray mammography has been demonstrated in large
      clinical trials to have high efficacy in the detection of occult breast
      malignancy. Such early detection results in decreased fatality rates. A
      theoretical risk of breast cancer induced from diagnostic ionizing radiation has
      not been proven for the low doses now used in mammographic techniques. High
      accuracy can be achieved in the mammographic evaluation of breast lesions. In
      contrast, nonionizing transillumination of the breast, or diaphanography, remains
      an investigational approach to the evaluation of breast disease and warrants
      further controlled study before its widespread clinical application.

PMID- 6818343
TI  - Questions and answers on breast disease. A panel discussion.

PMID- 6818344
TI  - Spiro oxazolidinedione aldose reductase inhibitors.
AB  - Spiro oxazolidinediones (2) derived from five- and six-membered ring aralkyl
      ketones are potent aldose reductase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Their novel
      and general synthesis has been devised with alpha-hydroxyimidates (5) and 4
      alkoxy-2-oxo-3-oxazolines (6) as key intermediates, since traditional synthetic
      routes through alpha-hydroxy amides (8) usually led to alpha, beta-unsaturated
      amides (9). Resolution with cinchonidine afforded optically active spiro
      oxazolidinediones. Optimum biological activity resided in (4S)-6-chlorospiro [4H
      2,3-dihydrobenzopyran-4,5'-oxazolidine]-2',4'-dione (21) and its 6,8-dichloro
      congener (23).

PMID- 6818345
TI  - Methotrexate analogues. 16. Importance of the side-chain amide carbonyl group as
      a structural determinant of biological activity.
AB  - N-[[[(2,4-Diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino]benzyl]-L-glutamic acid
      ("deoxoaminopterin", 1), a new aminopterin analogue containing a CH2 group in the
      side chain in place of the amide C = O, was synthesized by condensation of 2,4
      diamino-6-(bromomethyl)pteridine with diethyl N-(p-aminobenzyl)-L-glutamate,
      followed by saponification with a stoichiometric amount of barium hydroxide in
      50% ethanol. The apparent importance of the amide C = O group as a structural
      determinant of biological activity was indicated by the finding that 1 has 10- to
      20-fold lower affinity for bacterial and mammalian dihydrofolate reductase than
      aminopterin, is not toxic to L1210 murine leukemia cells in culture at a
      concentration of up to 1.0 microM, and shows no antitumor effect in L1210
      leukemic mice at doses as high as 240 mg/kg (q3d X 3).

PMID- 6818346
TI  - Feeding patterns of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in relation to
      transmission of American trypanosomiasis in Argentina.

PMID- 6818347
TI  - A clinical and genetic study of Hunter's syndrome. 1. Heterogeneity.

PMID- 6818348
TI  - A clinical and genetic study of Hunter's syndrome. 2. Differences between the
      mild and severe forms.

PMID- 6818349
TI  - Imaging of outer segment periodicities in unstained cryoultramicrotomy sections
      of the frog retina.
AB  - Frog retinas were examined following cryoultramicrotomy. The extent of
      glutaraldehyde cross-linking ranged from maximally 2% for 2 h to no cross
      linking. When the tissue was cryoprotected, the effects of hypotonic, isotonic
      and hypertonic media on outer segment banding periodicities were studied. The
      specimen was cryosectioned at 193 K to 113 K with sections collected on a dry
      knife (213 K to 123 K). The sections were freeze-dried and only rehydrated with
      phosphotungstic acid section stain when transmission electron microscopy was used
      to establish the extent of gross retinal morphology for each fixation protocol
      employed. As the extreme of no cross-linking and no cryoprotection was approached
      and reached, conventional sections which displayed extensive retinal morphology
      were not obtained. Instead, fragments of retinal tissue resulted which showed
      periodicities of alternating light and dark bands. These periodicities are
      interpreted as photoreceptor outer segment discs with contrast formation
      depending upon an interplay between three factors: mass density differences
      between disc and interdisc space, section cutting angle, and section thickness.

PMID- 6818350
TI  - Regulation of damage-inducible genes in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 6818351
TI  - Interactions of mouse immunoglobulin chains within Xenopus oocytes.

PMID- 6818352
TI  - Effects of binding of S-peptide and 2'-cytidine monophosphate on hydrogen
      exchange from the S-protein component of ribonuclease S. The amide protons of
      serine 123 and valine 124.

PMID- 6818353
TI  - Plasmid R6K DNA replication. III. Regulatory properties of the pi initiation
      protein.

PMID- 6818354
TI  - X-ray conformational analysis of the potent thyroliberin analogue L-pyroglutamyl
      beta-(2-thienyl)-L-analyl-L-prolinamide.

PMID- 6818355
TI  - Temperature-induced vertical shift of proteins in membranes.
AB  - Thermotropic changes in the transverse order of microsomal membranes isolated
      from Tetrahymena are revealed by low-angle X-ray diffraction. These are
      correlated with the lateral order of the membrane lipids by wide-angle X-ray
      diffraction. Upon lowering the temperature from 28 degrees C to 2 degrees C, the
      Bragg period of the membrane stack reveals an abrupt increase of approximately
      3.1 nm at approximately 19 degrees C, which is reversible upon reheating to 28
      degrees C. This is coupled with an alteration in the electron density profile,
      revealing a shift of mass from the hydrophobic core towards one of the two
      hydrophilic surfaces. Between 35 degrees C and 0 degrees C, the membrane lipids
      undergo a broad, thermotropic "two-stage" liquid crystalline in equilibrium
      crystalline phase separation with a "breakpoint" at approximately 18 degrees C.
      This breakpoint signals an abrupt lipid redistribution, presumably due to a
      change in the composition of the two coexisting liquid crystalline and
      crystalline lipid phases. We conclude: (1) the temperature-induced mass shift
      reflects a shift in the transverse partition of proteins in membranes; (2) this
      is triggered by an abrupt lipid redistribution occurring during a broad liquid
      crystalline in equilibrium crystalline phase separation.

PMID- 6818356
TI  - Chemical analysis and toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans in
      relation to yusho.
AB  - A typical lot of Kanemi rice oil ingested by patients with yusho (PCB poisoning)
      and the blood, liver and adipose tissue of the patients were analyzed for
      individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated
      dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The individual congeners identified were assayed for biological
      properties such as accumulation ability in the liver of monkeys and rats,
      inducing activities of benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylase, benzphetamine demethylase
      and DT diaphorase in rats, and gravimetric changes of the thymus and liver in
      rats. Among the seven PCB congeners detected in yusho patients, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3',
      4'-hexa-CB seems to be the most related compound to yusho by its strong effects
      on induction of the liver enzymes, and on atrophy of the thymus and hypertrophy
      of the liver in rats. PCDF congeners identified in the patients showed severe
      toxicity in rats than this PCB, exhibiting stronger enzyme induction and
      gravimetric changes of the tissues even at very low doses of 1-10 micrograms/kg.
      These PCDFs, especially 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-penta-CDF, were also very accumulative in
      the liver. Therefore, they are considered as the most important etiologic agents
      for current symptoms of yusho.

PMID- 6818357
TI  - Influence of maternal drug metabolism on the fetal toxicity induced by
      acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - Investigations were performed to explore changes in fetal toxicity induced by
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in pregnant animals treated by various means for
      maternal alterations. The fetotoxicity induced by ASA (500 mg/kg s.c.) was higher
      in rats than in mice. In mice with low enzyme activity, those displaying a longer
      sleeping time in pentobarbital-induced sleep, the ASA-fetotoxicity was higher
      than that of mice with shorter sleeping time. In rats pretreated with
      phenobarbital (0.05%), Zn (10 mg/l) and Cu (10 mg/l) in tap water and cysteine
      (200 mg/kg s.c.), fetal toxicity of ASA was reduced, whereas it was enhanced in
      rats pretreated with SKF-525A (200 mg/kg s.c.) and alpha-naphthyl acetic acid
      (200 mg/kg p.o.) and in nephrectomized rats. The UDPGT activity in hepatic 9000 x
      g supernate was higher in mice than in rats and the activity of mice was
      increased by phenobarbital and Cu. This study indicates that ASA-induced
      fetotoxicity can be positively modified by alterations in drug metabolizing
      activity.

PMID- 6818358
TI  - Computed tomography a decade of challenge.

PMID- 6818359
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of clenbuterol in the horse.
AB  - Clenbuterol, a bronchospasmolytic agent (beta 2 agonist) was studied in terms of
      its hemodynamic and airflow response in eight, healthy horses. Four animals were
      instrumented to record intrapleural pressure and air flow, these were used to
      compute pulmonary resistance, peak flow rates, and tidal volumes. Four animals
      were instrumented to record pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial
      pressure, cardiac output, and arterial gas tensions. After control values were
      recorded, clenbuterol (0.8 microgram/kg) was intravenously administered to each
      horse in each experiment group. Following clenbuterol administration, non-elastic
      resistance of the lung or pulmonary resistance significantly decreased, 33.6%
      reduction at 10 min post-clenbuterol. Pulmonary resistance remained lowered
      during the entire procedure and showed no tendency of returning toward control
      values by 3 h post-clenbuterol. Within 30 sec following clenbuterol injection
      carotid arterial pressure decreased (mean pressure decrease 28.2%). Accompanying
      the change in arterial pressure, the heart rate drastically increased, 99.0%.
      Both changes were transient and returned to control ranges within 2 min.
      Clenbuterol appears to be effective in reducing non-elastic resistance of the
      lung, however intravenous administration to an animal with pre-existing
      cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary disease should be avoided.

PMID- 6818360
TI  - Plasma levels of valproic acid and its metabolites during continued treatment in
      dogs.
AB  - Dogs were treated with the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) for 2 weeks in
      order to determine whether therapeutic plasma levels could be maintained. VPA (as
      the sodium salt) was administered in a dosage of 170-180 mg/kg/day divided into
      three equal doses in the form of enteric-coated tablets. Due to the rapid
      elimination of this drug in dogs, therapeutic plasma levels were reached only
      intermittently. However, the concentrations maintained may be sufficient for anti
      epileptic therapy in dogs because the lower plasma protein binding of VPA in this
      species gives rise to higher central concentrations compared with man.
      Furthermore, some VPA metabolites previously shown to exert anticonvulsant
      activity (2-en-VPA and 3-keto-VPA) were found in relatively high concentrations
      in dog plasma. We would recommend the dosages used in this study as a basis for
      assessment of VPA in the treatment of canine epilepsy.

PMID- 6818361
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rabbits during short-term and long-term uraemia.
AB  - Warfarin was administered intravenously twice at an interval of six months to
      rabbits with surgically-induced impairment of renal function and to control
      animals. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the elimination rate of warfarin
      was significantly decreased in the uraemic group after 2 weeks duration of
      uraemia and was even further decreased at the second examination 6 months later.
      No significant changes in the volumes of distribution were found. Renal function
      tests indicated stable renal function between the two examinations.

PMID- 6818362
TI  - Autonomic and non-autonomic control of cardiovascular function in stress
      sensitive pigs.
AB  - The T-wave characteristics, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood
      pressure were examined in acidosis-prone Pietrain and acidosis-resistant
      Gloucester Old Spot pigs, before and after autonomic blockade with propranolol,
      atropine and phentolamine. Assessments were made at normal arterial blood pH and
      pCO2, and at either the same age or live weight in the two breeds. T-wave
      amplitude was influenced by alpha-adrenergic activity in the absence of beta
      adrenergic and parasympathetic receptor activation. The initial cardiac output
      was 25% greater in the Pietrains, and 75% of this breed difference was due to
      autonomic factors. Myocardial chronotropic responsiveness to noradrenaline was
      similar in the two breeds. Initial blood pressure was greater in the Gloucester
      Old Spots because of a non-autonomic factor, and vasopressor responsiveness to
      noradrenaline was greater in the Gloucester Old Spots. Although acidosis-prone
      pigs may be afforded some degree of protection from a sympathetic crisis by
      having a low vasopressor responsiveness to adrenoreceptor stimulation, enhanced
      catecholamine output is the likely cause of their stress-induced myocardial
      lesions. A high catecholamine output may also account for the reduced body
      fatness in this type of pig.

PMID- 6818363
TI  - Cost-effective analysis of pre-cystectomy radioisotope scans.
AB  - To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of liver and bone isotope scans results were
      reviewed in 114 patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder. In 100 patients cystectomy was performed. In no patient has the results
      of the scans influenced or changed treatment. Routine use of isotope scans is not
      warranted for the preoperative evaluation of bladder cancer patients.

PMID- 6818364
TI  - Unusual therapeutic response of massive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder to
      aggressive radiation and surgery.
AB  - We report a case of stage D, poorly differentiated invasive squamous cancer of
      the bladder. Following transurethral resection of the tumor (170 gm.) and urinary
      diversion, the patient received 6,500 rad external radiation. After completion of
      radiation the bladder was converted from an inoperable (fixed to the pelvis) to
      an operable (mobile) condition. A cystectomy was performed and the patient was
      without evidence of disease 4 years later. The controversies of the therapeutic
      approach to squamous cancer of the bladder are discussed.

PMID- 6818365
TI  - Intermittent irrigation system for dissolution of renal calculi monitored by
      computer.
AB  - An intermittent irrigation system was tested in vitro and in a clinical case. In
      vitro experiments showed that the intermittent irrigation was more efficient to
      dissolve calculi compared to the continuous irrigation. The pelvic irrigation was
      performed clinically by a cystoscopically passed angiographic catheter. The
      system could be operated in constant low pressure without supervision. The result
      shows that this system will be safe and valuable for pelvic irrigation.

PMID- 6818366
TI  - Parasites of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) of North America.

PMID- 6818367
TI  - Growth failure due to uremia and congenital nephrosis: growth enhancement by
      aggressive nutritional therapy.
AB  - The metabolic and nutritional effects of long-term parenteral and enteral
      nutrition were studied in two infants and one child with severe growth failure
      due to chronic renal failure (two patients) and congenital nephrosis (one
      patient). Six periods of treatment were analyzed. Both the parenteral nutrition
      and continuous enteral nutrition were found efficient in enhancing growth and
      correcting the metabolic abnormalities of uremia. The beneficial effects of this
      intensive nutrition were smaller in congenital nephrosis, although growth
      accelerated. Nitrogen balance studies confirmed effective nutrient utilization.
      The serum levels of calcium and phosphate were normalized as anabolism was
      achieved in the uremia. In fact, the rapid development of severe hypophosphatemia
      in one of the patients proved that the "fatal hyperalimentation syndrome" appears
      to be a specific threat in parenteral nutrition applied in uremia.

PMID- 6818368
TI  - Differences in vitamin A content of enteral feeding solutions following exposure
      to a polyvinyl chloride enteral feeding system.
AB  - This research was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in
      the vitamin A content of two enteral feeding solutions following timed exposure
      to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) enteral tube feeding system. This study took place
      in the laboratory setting with procedures designed to simulate clinical
      conditions with respect to rate of flow and time of exposure. Feeding solutions
      (Ensure Osmolite and Vivonex High Nitrogen) were sampled, placed in PVC feeding
      system pouches (Vivonex Delivery System, Norwich-Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Norwich,
      NY) and permitted to drip from the pouches at a constant rate. Solution remaining
      in the pouches was sampled at intervals for a period of six hours, and all
      samples were analyzed for Vitamin A content using spectrophotometric methods.
      Statistical analysis of the data indicated no significant difference in Vitamin A
      content of either feeding solution following six hours of exposure to a PVC
      enteral tube feeding system.

PMID- 6818369
TI  - Effect of serum zinc level on amount of collagen-hydroxyproline in the healing
      gut during total parenteral nutrition: an experimental study.
AB  - Changes of serum zinc level in dogs receiving either a zinc-free solution or a
      zinc-supplement solution during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and the
      influence of variety of serum-zinc level on serum albumin and collagen
      hydroxyproline (C-Hyp) in the incised intestine were investigated. The serum zinc
      level of zinc-free dogs that was 126.0 +/- 34.3 micrograms per deciliter at the
      initiation of TPN decreased significantly to 80.0 +/- 15.0 micrograms per
      deciliter during the one week of TPN, whereas that of zinc-supplement dogs did
      not decrease during the same period of TPN. Lowering of the serum albumin value
      was more evident in zinc-free dogs than in zinc-supplement dogs. The amount of C
      Hyp in the incised area of the intestine of zinc-free dogs was 2.63 +/- 0.66
      micrograms per milligram and that of zinc-supplement dogs was 4.26 +/- 1.04
      micrograms per milligram and this difference was significant. It was found that
      serum zinc level during TPN sharply reflects a supplement of zinc, and C-Hyp in
      the incised gut and serum albumin of zinc-free dogs are lower than those of zinc
      supplement dogs.

PMID- 6818370
TI  - Central venous alimentation: a prospective study of the frequency of metabolic
      abnormalities among medical and surgical patients.
AB  - Many studies have described the frequency of septic and technical complications
      of central venous alimentation (CVA), but metabolic complications of CVA have
      received scant attention. Among 100 consecutive medical and surgical patients
      receiving CVA under routine hospital conditions, at least one severe biochemical
      defect (above the 99th percentile ranking) was observed in 63 cases (63%).
      Uncontrolled hyperglycemia (defined as blood glucose greater than 300 milligrams
      per deciliter after more than 48 hours of CVA) was present in 47 individuals.
      Hypophosphatemia (serum phosphorus less than 2.0 milligrams per deciliter)
      occurred in 30 and was life-threatening (less than 1.0 milligrams per deciliter)
      in 6. Although liver function tests (LFT) remained stable or improved in 26% of
      the 34 evaluable subjects, 74% showed deterioration in one or more tests, and 35%
      showed deterioration in two or more tests. Deterioration was defined as an
      abnormal result that was 50% or more above baseline in patients having weekly LFT
      and CVA for a minimum of 10 days. The study involved 1378 patient-days of CVA, a
      mean of 14 days per patient with a range of 2 to 70 days, and an average of 2.2
      catheter insertions per patient. Technical complications occurred in 3% and
      septic complications occurred in 4% of 220 catheter insertions. There was no
      significant difference in the type or frequencies of metabolic, septic, and
      technical complications occurring between medical and surgical patients. The
      findings suggest that many reports concerning septic and technical complications
      of CVA have promoted awareness of the problem and served to minimize these risks.
      However, this study demonstrates that serious metabolic complications of CVA
      occur at an unexpectedly high rate and that greater attention should be directed
      at their prevention.

PMID- 6818371
TI  - Selenium status of seven chronic intravenous hyperalimentation patients.
AB  - Selenium status was determined on seven patients receiving long-term intravenous
      hyperalimentation (IVH) and they were followed monthly for 4 to 17 months.
      Analysis of the IVH solutions for selenium revealed no detectable amounts. The
      selenium indices measures were (1) erythrocyte selenium levels, (2) erythrocyte
      glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px), and (3) plasma selenium levels. In
      general, the IVH population had significantly lower values (p less than 0.001)
      for these selenium indices than a healthy population (n = 275). The plasma
      selenium levels decreased to below the normal range within one to two months
      after initiation of IVH. The below normal ranges varied by patient: three
      patients by three months, one patient by nine months, and three patients had low
      and normal values throughout the study. No consistent correlation of individual
      patient's erythrocyte GSH-Px activities and erythrocyte selenium levels existed,
      but a positive correlation (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01) occurred between plasma
      selenium levels and erythrocyte GSH-Px activities. Thus, erythrocyte GSH-Px
      activities decrease parallel to decreases in plasma selenium levels but not with
      changes in erythrocyte selenium levels. These data suggest that some of these IVH
      patients may be at risk for selenium deficiency and that selenium supplementation
      of IVH solutions may be required. Furthermore, these data suggest that the
      measurement of erythrocyte GSH-Px activity or selenium levels in some IVH
      patients may not be related to available body selenium.

PMID- 6818372
TI  - Pronounced dyslipoproteinemia in intensive care patients.
AB  - Concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol in serum and in lipoproteins
      were determined in two groups of intensive care patients. Group I included 17
      moderately ill, postelective surgery patients, and group II, 23 critically ill
      patients. All were studied in an intensive care situation. The lipoprotein lipid
      concentrations were compared with those from a group of healthy men and women. In
      group I, both TG and cholesterol concentrations in serum were decreased, whereas
      in group II, only cholesterol concentration was lowered and the TG concentration
      was close to control values. In the lipoproteins, marked abnormalities were
      found. The most striking was an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-TG and
      a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. In group
      II, 5/18 males had a LDL-TG concentration above any control value and 21/23 had a
      HDL-cholesterol concentration below any value in the control group. In addition,
      the alpha-lipoprotein (HDL) band on electrophoresis was often grossly abnormal
      with a broad or double-peaked band. There was a highly significant negative
      correlation between LDL-TG and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Patients who
      received conventional treatment with insulin or heparin had similar lipid
      concentrations as those not given these drugs. The time effect on lipoprotein
      changes was analyzed in 11 patients, from whom samples were drawn repeatedly
      during the intensive care period. A tendency was found for LDL-TG to increase and
      HDL-cholesterol to decrease with time. The mechanisms causing the lipoprotein
      changes are not presently known; however, possible explanations include liver
      function impairment, gastrointestinal tract paralysis, physical inactivity, the
      catabolic state as such, and combinations.

PMID- 6818373
TI  - Thyroid function on short-term total parenteral nutrition without iodine
      supplements.

PMID- 6818374
TI  - Body weight measurement of patients receiving nutritional support.
AB  - A review of patient records over a 14-day period revealed that daily weights were
      recorded in only 65.5% of patients receiving parenteral nutrition and 53% of
      patients receiving enteral alimentation despite a hospital nursing practice
      requirement for daily weights during nutritional support. A semi-structured
      questionnaire was given to staff nurses to elicit their opinions regarding the
      importance of weight obtainment and to ascertain their reasons why patients are
      not weighted. Of 74 staff nurses who completed the survey, 68% considered weights
      "very important" but only 34% believed this attitude to be prevalent among their
      co-workers. The three reasons most often cited for failure to weigh patients
      were: (1) "patient too critically ill"; (2) "nurse felt other priorities of care
      existed; and, (3) "patient refuses." The two factors nurses most often felt
      should be changed to increase body weight measurement were "nurse staffing
      shortage" and "scales broken and/or unreliable." This study documents a need for
      both logistical changes (eg, equipment availability and reliability and timing of
      patient weights) and educational changes at both nursing staff and patient level
      to improve compliance with established requirements for daily weights during
      nutritional support.

PMID- 6818376
TI  - Protracted postpoliomyelitis dysphagia managed with enteral feeding and
      cricopharyngeal myotomy.

PMID- 6818375
TI  - Nutrition and protein turnover: a review.

PMID- 6818377
TI  - Perforation of right ventricle and pericard by a central venous catheter during
      total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6818379
TI  - Ammonia intoxication in portal systemic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6818378
TI  - TPN with Vamin and Intralipid.

PMID- 6818380
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone marrow--an unusual presentation.

PMID- 6818381
TI  - The syndrome of sporadic goitre and congenital deafness.

PMID- 6818382
TI  - Nutritive value of some commercial weaning and supplementary foods.

PMID- 6818383
TI  - Paediatric nephrolithiasis in Pakistan.

PMID- 6818384
TI  - Cryosurgery in otolaryngology.

PMID- 6818385
TI  - Pattern of admissions in a general surgical unit.

PMID- 6818386
TI  - Recurrent epistaxis secondary to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis.

PMID- 6818387
TI  - Oral manifestations of malnutrition II. The effect of minerals.

PMID- 6818388
TI  - [Clinical study on netilmicin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract
      infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - Netilmicin was intramuscularly injected at a daily dose of 200 mg, divided twice,
      for 5 to 10 days to 14 patients with complicated urinary tract infection caused
      by P. aeruginosa. The clinical results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 5
      cases, and fair in 2 cases. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in
      laboratory findings were reported. The MIC of netilmicin against 14 strains of P.
      aeruginosa isolated from the above patients were distributed between 3.13
      micrograms/ml and 12.5 micrograms/ml except 1 strain at inoculum size 10(6)
      cells/ml.

PMID- 6818389
TI  - [Relationship of the chemical structure of the spore coat to germination
      mechanism of Bacillus megaterium spores].

PMID- 6818391
TI  - [Lung cancer associated with two M-proteins (IgA-kappa, IgA-lambda) in serum and
      bence jones protein (lambda-type) in urine; report of a case].

PMID- 6818390
TI  - [Variation of ratio of adenosine deaminase activity to purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase activity detected in T-cell leukemic cells].

PMID- 6818392
TI  - [Idiopathic bleeding possibly due to factor VII inhibiting substance--successful
      management with plasmapheresis].

PMID- 6818393
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of myocardial contractility].

PMID- 6818394
TI  - [Instruments for radiotherapy of esophageal neoplasms: present status and future
      prospects].

PMID- 6818395
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of close contact between intracellular
      mycobacteria and the phagosomal membrane.
AB  - Ultrathin sections of granulomatous lung lesions of tuberculous mice were
      subjected to electron microscopy to observe the intraphagosomal behaviour of
      mycobacteria. The close contact between the external surface of the bacterial
      cell wall and the phagosomal membrane was a characteristic feature, This was also
      observed with ultrathin sections of a mycobacterial specimen harvested from the
      homogenate of such lungs. The significance of this event was interpreted in
      relation to the mechanism of mycobacterial infection.

PMID- 6818396
TI  - Roles of vagal afferents on discharge patterns and CO2-responsiveness of efferent
      superior laryngeal, hypoglossal, and phrenic respiratory activities in
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - Discharge patterns and CO2-responsiveness of the efferent respiratory activities
      in the superior laryngeal (Xsl), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic (Phr) nerves were
      compared between vagi-intact and -denervated rats. Bilateral cervical vagotomy
      decreased the respiratory frequency (f), minute Phr activity (peak integrated Phr
      activity X f) and consequently elevated end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2). Augmentation of
      the peak inspiratory activity following vagotomy was much larger in the Xsl and
      XII nerves than that in the Phr nerve. After vagotomy, the time delay from the
      onset of inspiratory activities in the Xsl or XII nerve to the onset of the Phr
      bursts was greatly prolonged. While in the vagi-intact rats the peak inspiratory
      activities of these cranial nerves were not increased in response to elevated
      PETCO2, the activities, in particular of the XII nerve, were augmented by high
      PETCO2 in the absence of vagal afferents. These results suggested that the vagal
      afferents inhibit not only phasic Phr discharges but also inspiratory output
      neurons in the Xsl or XII motor nuclei being activated in normo- and hypercapnia
      and that they facilitate temporally the onset and progress of inspiratory
      activities in various groups of respiratory output neurons.

PMID- 6818397
TI  - [Chemotherapy of renal cell carcinoma. 1. MFC therapy].

PMID- 6818398
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in patients with post-infarction
      circulatory failure].

PMID- 6818399
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on various enzyme activity in the peri-infarction area
      of the myocardium].
AB  - A histochemical study of the activity of some enzymes in the peri-infarction area
      of rabbit myocardium in response to nitroglycerin showed the latter to increase
      the activity of oxydative-reductive enzymes in heart tissue, reduce acidosis,
      intensify the pentosephosphate cycle and contribute to a more intensive
      resorption of necrotized muscular fibres. These effects are conducive to better
      cardiomyocytes survival in the peri-infarction area and a more intensive
      organization of the infarction, this reducing the size of the affected area.

PMID- 6818400
TI  - Studies on acute disease models.

PMID- 6818401
TI  - [Increased viability of islet cells during their transplantation].

PMID- 6818402
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of duodenal diverticuli].

PMID- 6818403
TI  - [Research work of Robert Koch].

PMID- 6818404
TI  - [100th anniversary of the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert
      Koch].

PMID- 6818405
TI  - [Capnographic indicators in patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 6818406
TI  - [Generalized Salmonella infection].

PMID- 6818407
TI  - Intracellular immunoglobulin in lymphocytes from patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia: an immunoelectron microscopic study.
AB  - The presence of ultrastructural distribution of intracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)
      in leukemic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in
      normal B cells were investigated by an immunoelectron microscopic technique. Most
      normal B cells had no intracellular Ig in spite of the presence of surface Ig.
      However, leukemic cells from 10 to 11 patients with CLL contained intracellular
      Ig and showed various staining patterns. In eight patients, Ig was present in the
      perinuclear space (PN), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and, if identified, the
      Golgi complexes. In four patients, most cells had diffuse staining of the
      cytoplasm. In five patients, Ig was detected in the ER-associated structures or
      the vesicles, in addition to the PN and ER. These findings suggest that CLL cells
      have a greater capacity to produce Ig than those of normal B cells and include
      various clones with distinct staining patterns of intracellular Ig.

PMID- 6818408
TI  - Purine and pyrimidine activities in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia:
      relation to cellular proliferative status.
AB  - The cellular levels of the purine catabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and those for the pyrimidine activities
      thymidine phosphorylase and thymidine kinase isozymes have been measured
      concurrently in peripheral blood nucleated cells of patients with acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic or prolymphocytic leukaemia and
      correlated with the spontaneous tritiated thymidine uptake of the isolated cells.
      Highest ADA levels occurred in T-ALL cells but considerable overlap of individual
      activities occurred for non-T, non-BALL, B-CLL and T-CLL cells. The levels of PNP
      showed no distinct discriminatory trend in cells of the lymphoid proliferative
      disorders examined. Thymidine phosphorylase activity was markedly reduced in T
      ALL and T-CLL cells with a stepwise increase in the level of mean activities for
      non-T, non-B ALL, B-CLL and B-PLL cells to that of isolated normal peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. Spontaneous tritiated thymidine uptake of the abnormal
      lymphoid cells exhibited a correlation between cellular thymidine kinase isozyme
      1 and elevated ADA levels. The use of ADA inhibitors together with thymidine
      infusion for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders is discussed.

PMID- 6818410
TI  - [Diverticulosis of the jejunum].

PMID- 6818409
TI  - [Hypophosphatemia--an overlooked electrolyte disorder].

PMID- 6818411
TI  - Enkephalin convertase: a specific enkephalin synthesizing carboxypeptidase in
      adrenal chromaffin granules, brain, and pituitary gland.

PMID- 6818412
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in the
      occurrence of sex-related differences of drug metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes of untreated male and
      female rats could be divided into several fractions by the use of omega-amino-n
      octyl Seph. 4B and DE-52 columns. Male cytochrome P-450 fractions (I-b - I-e)
      differed from female fractions (I-b - I-e) with respect to absorption peaks in
      carbon monoxide difference spectra and 7-propoxycoumarin O-depropylation
      activities. Although male and female I-a fractions showed quite similar protein
      bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, some protein bands in other male
      fractions (I-b - I-e) were absent in corresponding female fractions.
      Immunochemical examinations using immunoglobulin G raised to cytochrome P-450
      purified from untreated male rats also showed that liver microsomes from male and
      female rats contain different forms of cytochrome P-450. Based on these results,
      we propose that sex-related differences of drug metabolizing activities in liver
      microsomes are caused by multiple forms of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6818413
TI  - The release of pituitary gonadotrophins by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      in the intact, castrated and aspermatogenic rat.
AB  - The change in serum gonadotrophin concentration in response to synthetic
      Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH - 400 ng i.v.) was investigated under
      barbiturate anaesthesia in adult male rats either chronically castrated, rendered
      aspermatogenic by the administration of alpha-chlorohydrin 12-16 weeks previously
      (to remove inhibin), or treated with vehicle. A single injection of LHRH
      increased serum LH and FSH concentrations similarly in both intact and
      aspermatogenic rats. In castrated rats the amount of LH released was much greater
      and the FSH secretion sustained. A second injection produced a similar increase
      although a second peak of FSH could not be detected in castrated rats as the FSH
      level was still elevated. The increase in LH levels was two to three times larger
      in response to the second injection of LHRH than to the first in all groups. The
      results do not support the hypothesis that the enhanced gonadotropin response to
      castration in the aspermatogenic rat is due to increased pituitary sensitivity to
      LHRH.

PMID- 6818414
TI  - Effect of quercetin on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal enzyme release
      and phospholipid metabolism.
AB  - Quercetin inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the release of beta
      glucuronidase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with zymosan
      activated serum. 3H-arachidonic acid-prelabelled polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      released 3H-arachidonic acid upon stimulation with zymosan-activated serum and
      this was associated with a decrease of radioactivity in the phospholipid fraction
      as determined by thin layer chromatography. Quercetin inhibited the release of 3H
      arachidonic acid. These observations suggest that the zymosan-activated serum
      stimulus activates phospholipase A2 and that phospholipase A2 is inhibited by
      quercetin. Thus, quercetin alters polymorphonuclear leukocyte phospholipid
      metabolism and responses to stimulation.

PMID- 6818416
TI  - [Hemodynamic effect of 20 mg and 50 mg of 5-isosorbide mononitrate in acute and
      chronic therapy].

PMID- 6818415
TI  - [Methods for analyzing the frequency, prevalence and the duration of asymptomatic
      carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. Longitudinal study of a school population in
      Belgium].
AB  - In Belgium, during an outbreak of meningococcal disease mainly due to serogroup
      B, serotype 2 meningococcus, a prospective study of asymptomatic carriage was
      undertaken in two primary schools. From march 1975 to may 1976, 361
      schoolchildren aged 3 to 14 years were surveyed. The result of nasopharyngeal
      cultures were adjusted to compensate the lack of sensitivity and specificity of
      the identification techniques. The hypotheses on which the adjustment rules are
      based were statistically validated. The mean prevalence of meningococcal carriage
      was 23 p. 100, the incidence rate was 0.02 acquisition for month and for person.
      The median duration of carriage was estimated at 9.4 months, and the mean
      duration at 13.6 months. For the first time, the expected relationship between
      prevalence, incidence, and duration was confirmed for meningococcal carriage.

PMID- 6818417
TI  - Phosphoglycerate kinase from spinach, blue-green algae, and yeast.

PMID- 6818418
TI  - Hexokinases from Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6818419
TI  - Pyruvate kinase from Streptococcus lactis.

PMID- 6818420
TI  - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6818421
TI  - Fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from mycobacteria.

PMID- 6818422
TI  - 3-Hexulose-6-phosphate synthase from Methylomonas (Methylococcus) capsulatus.

PMID- 6818423
TI  - 3-Hexulose-phosphate synthase from Methylomonas M15.

PMID- 6818424
TI  - Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 6818426
TI  - Attenuation in the threonine operon: effects of amino acids present in the
      presumed leader peptide in addition to threonine and isoleucine.
AB  - We have studied in vivo the contribution of amino acids corresponding to codons
      of the leader sequence other than the so-called "regulatory codons" (for
      threonine and isoleucine) in the expression of the threonine operon. In the
      presence of threonine and isoleucine, addition of each amino acid encoded in the
      proximal part of the leader sequence resulted in a significant decrease of the
      expression of the operon, over and above that decrease observed in the sole
      presence of threonine and isoleucine. These effects were cumulative. No such
      effect was found with the amino acids encoded by the distal part of the leader
      sequence. These findings are discussed in the light of the current model of
      attenuation.

PMID- 6818425
TI  - Nonsense suppression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: the S. pombe Sup3-e tRNASerUGA
      gene is active in S. cerevisiae.
AB  - The gene encoding the efficient UGA suppressor sup3-e of Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe was isolated by in vivo transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UGA
      mutants with S. pombe sup3-e DNA. DNA from a clone bank of EcoRI fragments from a
      S. pombe sup3-e strain in the hybrid yeast vector YRp17 was used to transform the
      S. cerevisiae multiple auxotroph his4-260 leu2-2 trp1-1 to prototrophy.
      Transformants were isolated at a low frequency; they lost the ability to grow in
      minimal medium after passaging in non-selective media. This suggested the
      presence of the suppressor gene on the non-integrative plasmid. Plasmid DNA,
      isolated from the transformed S. cerevisiae cells and subsequently amplified in
      E. coli, transformed S. cerevisiae his4-260 leu2-2 trp1-1 to prototrophy. In this
      way a 2.4 kb S. pombe DNA fragment carrying the sup3-e gene was isolated.
      Sequence analysis revealed the presence of two tRNA coding regions separated by a
      spacer of only seven nucleotides. The sup3-e tRNASerUGA tRNA gene is followed by
      a sequence coding for the initiator tRNAMet. The transformation results
      demonstrate that the cloned S. pombe UGA suppressor is active in S. cerevisiae
      UGA mutant strains.

PMID- 6818427
TI  - Mutagen sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Identification of second
      chromosomal mutagen sensitive strains.
AB  - Six recessive second chromosomal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster exhibiting
      larval hypersensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate have been identified and
      assigned to six complementation groups. The strains have been analyzed for their
      sensitivities to UV, X-ray, nitrogen mustard and formaldehyde. Two classes of
      mutants not previously observed in Drosophila have been identified. The mus 204A1
      and mus 205A1 mutants exhibit sensitivity to MMS and UV but not X-ray or nitrogen
      mustard, while the mus 206A1 and mus 207A1 mutants display sensitivity to MMS,
      UV, and nitrogen mustard. Four of the seven strains exhibit poor female fertility
      and two of these are shown to have a weak meiotic disjunctional defect.
      Biochemical studies of the mus 205A1 mutant suggest a defect in DNA synthetic
      ability associated with excision and postreplication repair performed on UV and
      alkylation-damaged templates (Boyd and Harris 1981; Brown and Boyd 1981 b; R.L.
      Dusenbery, manuscript in preparation).

PMID- 6818428
TI  - Diploid state of phenotypically recombinant progeny arising after protoplast
      fusion in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - After fusion of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts the phenotypically recombinant
      clones isolated, whether immediately or as segregants of complementing diploid
      clones, have in common the following properties. They appear independently of the
      recN+ gene, most often as the result of apparently non-reciprocal recombination
      occurring in genetic intervals encompassing the origin and the terminus of
      replication. First indicated by reciprocal fusion crosses between o105-lysogenic
      and o105-sensitive strains, the diploidy of the recombinants was confirmed by
      studying the transforming activities of their DNA. These experiments establish
      heterozygosity at eight loci scattered on the chromosome map. By revealing the
      presence of the trpF+ allele in trpF7 recombinants, the results also strongly
      suggest that stable phenotypic recombinants may arise by genetic inactivation.
      Two possible genetic structures for these recombinants are discussed, one
      implying total inactivation of one recombinant chromosome, the other a segmentary
      inactivation of one unrecombined chromosome. Whatever the structure, genetic
      stability is not a reliable sign of haploidy in bacterial clones produced after
      protoplast fusion.

PMID- 6818429
TI  - Intimate association of 5S RNA and tRNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - In this communication, we report the isolation of seven new recombinants derived
      from the 5S gene locus of Drosophila melanogaster. These recombinants can be
      divided into three different classes. There are four clones derived from within
      the 5S gene cluster, two which contain non-5S sequences representing the
      5'flanking segment of the gene array and have a structure similar to 12D8
      described by Artavanis-Tsakonas et al. (1977), and finally one (22A8) which is
      shown to contain a DNA segment that is located adjacent to the 3' end of the 5S
      gene cluster. Analysis of these recombinants supports the model in which all 5S
      genes of our D. melanogaster Oregon-R wild type strain are arranged in one
      uninterrupted cluster and are transcribed in the same direction. Interestingly,
      the 2.5 kb of non-5S RNA coding sequences on the recombinant derived from the 3'
      edge of the cluster contains at least four genes coding for tRNAs and one of
      these is located less than 300 bp downstream from the last 5S transcription unit.
      These tRNA genes are shown to be functional on the basis of the ability of 22A8
      DNA to direct the synthesis of tRNA in an in vitro transcription system.

PMID- 6818430
TI  - Effect of the carbon oxidation level of the energy source on heat of reaction in
      biosynthesis of a Pseudomonas strain.
AB  - The heats of reaction for cell biosynthesis of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      grown on ammonium-nitrogen and fumarate or butyrate as carbon-energy sources have
      been determined by microcalorimetric experiments, CO2 and molar growth yield
      determinations. The different oxidation level of the fumarate-carbon (C1+) and
      butyrate-carbon (C1-) caused a difference on the sign of the heat of reaction for
      cellular biosynthesis: positive for fumarate (delta H less than 0) and negative
      for butyrate (delta H greater than 0). It has been possible to state the
      stoichiometry of the biosynthetic reaction for fumarate only and not for butyrate
      because of the large pigment production under the experimental conditions
      adopted: pure oxygen as gas phase at 30 degrees C.

PMID- 6818431
TI  - Ion-binding properties of S-layer proteins from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A study was made of K+, Na+, Ca++ and Mg++ binding and ion-exchange properties of
      S-layer proteins from Bacillus subtilis. Our results indicate that the proteins
      of S-layer have two binding sites with pK of 3.17 and 2.41. To study the capacity
      of S-layer subunits to bind K+, Na+, Ca++ and Mg++, potentiometric titrations
      were performed according to Albert on proteins in solution in the presence and
      the absence of cations. It appears that the proteins possess dissociable groups
      with different affinity for various cations.

PMID- 6818432
TI  - Transfer across the human blood-brain barrier: evidence for capillary recruitment
      and for a paradox glucose permeability increase in hypocapnia.

PMID- 6818433
TI  - The effect of oxidation-reduction potential on spore germination, outgrowth, and
      vegetative growth of Clostridium tetani, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - Spores of Clostridium tetani germinated in liver broth with +580 mV as the
      starting Eh value, and those of Clostridium butyricum germinated in liver broth
      with an initial Eh of +400 mV regardless of the presence or absence of a liquid
      paraffin covering. Spores of Bacillus subtilis germinated in liver broth with-
      100 mV as the starting Eh value. Also, it was found that there are two ranges of
      starting Eh values for germination and vegetative growth of Cl. tetani, Cl.
      butyricum, and B. subtilis. In the first range these spores germinated and grew,
      but in the second range they only germinated and then died without outgrowth.

PMID- 6818434
TI  - [Comparative study of the indirect hemagglutination reaction for detecting
      Rickettsia prowazekii].

PMID- 6818435
TI  - [Detection of antibodies to adenovirus hexon in the sera of nonimmunized
      rabbits].

PMID- 6818436
TI  - [Effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the viability of cyanobacteria in
      association with oil-oxidizing bacteria].
AB  - An important aspect in the problem of interactions between microorganisms in the
      conditions of oil pollution is how to preserve the viability of phototrophic
      organisms if active oil-oxidizing microflora is present in the environment. As
      was illustrated using a closed model ecosystem, the association 'cyanobacteria-
      oil-oxidizing bacteria' is capable of withstanding the negative effect of oil
      pollution, but within the range of hydrocarbon concentrations which can be
      oxidized by oil-oxidizing bacteria during a very short time. The biological
      equilibrium in the ecosystem was maintained and the number of viable cells of the
      phototrophic component in the ecosystem increased if the oil-oxidizing bacteria
      started to function at the same time as toxic compounds commenced to produce
      their effect on the microorganisms.

PMID- 6818437
TI  - [Degradation of polychloroaromatic insecticides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      containing biodegradation plasmids].
AB  - The work was aimed at studying the degradation of DDT, its metabolites and
      analogs by BS 816 and BS 827 strains constructed on the basis of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa 640x strains and carrying biodegradation plasmids pBS2 and pBS3,
      respectively. DDT and kelthane were degraded by the BS 816 strain at a greater
      rate than by the parent culture. The investigation of enzymes involved in the
      oxidation of the aromatic cycle has shown that the plasmid-carrying strains
      possess the activity of metapyrocatechase and salicylate hydroxylase which is
      absent in P. aeruginosa 640x. The activity of pyrocatechase increased. In
      contrast to the parent strain where homogentisate induced only homogentisate
      oxygenase, this compound induces also metapyrocatechase in the constructed
      strains.

PMID- 6818438
TI  - [Effect of nonmutagenic doses of 1,4-bis-diazoacetylbutane on Streptomyces
      griseus].
AB  - Streptomyces griseus 15 was subjected to the action of 1,4-bis-diazoacetyl butane
      (DAB) taken at concentrations of 10 to 50,000 micrograms/ml. Small doses (10-100
      micrograms/ml) of DAB had no mutagenic action and activated the cultural growth
      (the viability and the survival rate of spores increased on solid media, while
      the biomass yield rised in liquid media). Experiments were conducted using the
      method of orthogonal planning of a bifactorial experiment, and the role of the
      exposure time rised with a decrease in the mutagen concentration.

PMID- 6818439
TI  - The role of 7, 12 DMBA and three hormones in 7, 12 DMBA-induced rat mammary
      cancer: three hypotheses.
AB  - The investigation of the role of hormones in the development of hormone-dependent
      cancers is an interesting and important area of cancer research. A popular mode
      of examining this area is through experiments with rat or mouse mammary cancer
      induced by the potent carcinogen, 7, 12 dimethyl (alpha) benzanthracene (7, 12
      DMBA). This paper looks at the action of three specific hormones--estrogen,
      progesterone and prolactin--in the 7, 12 DMBA-induced mammary cancers. Three
      hypothesis for their action are examined: 1) the hormone as a carcinogen, 2) the
      hormone as a regulator or neoplasia, and 3) the hormone as both an initiator and
      a regulator of neoplasia. Although the third hypothesis is probably the least
      popular among researchers, it will be suggested that it is the most comprehensive
      and the most complete in that it accounts for evidence giving rise to the first
      two hypotheses by incorporating both of them. The base of this third hypothesis
      as presented here is the structural homologies between steric hormones and 7, 12
      DMBA. It is suggested that these homologies allow 7, 12 DMBA to interfere with
      normal hormonal action, and that this interference results in the development of
      these rat mammary tumors.

PMID- 6818441
TI  - [Experimental infection of Aedes caspius caspius Pall. mosquitoes on dwarf bats,
      Vespertilio pipistrellus, infected with the Issyk-Kul virus and its subsequent
      transmission to susceptible animals].

PMID- 6818440
TI  - Emergency department autotransfusion for trauma victims.
AB  - In the initial treatment of serious trauma victims, a valuable source of blood is
      often overlooked: the patient's own blood, shed into the chest cavity as a result
      of blunt or penetrating injury. This blood can often be salvaged and made
      available for immediate reinfusion as an autologous whole blood transfusion, or
      autotransfusion. In the past decade, clinical experience in many hospitals has
      confirmed the safety of this method, and a commercial system suitable for use in
      the emergency department is now available.

PMID- 6818442
TI  - Lung correction factors for 45-MV x-ray therapy.

PMID- 6818443
TI  - Tissue phantom ratios for a Clinac 4/100.
AB  - Tissue phantom ratios (TPR), based on a normalization depth of 5 cm, have been
      measured in water for field sizes from 5 x 5 cm2 to approximately 40 x 40 cm2 and
      for depths from 1 to 40 cm for a Varian Clinac 4/100. These TPR's have been
      compared with those calculated from percent depth doses measured at the same
      time, and the two sets of data generally agree to better than 1%, with an average
      ratio of measured to calculated TPR of 0.999 +/- 0.013. Beam profiles have been
      measured for open and wedged fields, with particular concern for the often
      observed "horns," or the increase in dose at the corners of the field. The
      maximum dose at a depth of 1 cm, along the diagonal of the field for this
      machine, is approximately 5% higher than at the same depth on the central axis,
      whereas along the principal plane the maximum dose is only about 3% higher.

PMID- 6818444
TI  - Some physical considerations in whole skin electron beam therapy.

PMID- 6818445
TI  - [Inappropriate ADH secretion syndrome (Schwartz and Bartter syndrome).
      Description of 2 cases with different pathogenesis].

PMID- 6818446
TI  - [Pseudotumor cerebri in childhood. Study of 21 cases].

PMID- 6818447
TI  - Parenteral and enteral nutrition--a cost-benefit audit.

PMID- 6818448
TI  - Pertussis--England and Wales.

PMID- 6818449
TI  - Influenza A(H3N2) virus isolations--United States.

PMID- 6818450
TI  - Prevention of malaria in travelers 1982.

PMID- 6818451
TI  - Immunochemical comparison and quantitation of microsomal flavin-containing
      monooxygenases in various hog, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, and human tissues.

PMID- 6818453
TI  - [Proteolytic degradation of native hemoglobin and its constituent parts--isolated
      subunits and globin. I. Kinetic data and the character of the process of the
      breakdown of native forms].
AB  - The rates of proteolytic breakdown for native human hemoglobin (Hb) in CNmet-and
      oxy-forms, for isolated native alpha- and beta-chains of human Hb with
      deprotected SH-groups and for apo-Hb--globin at constant temperature 20 degrees
      as well as for metHb and globin in the temperature range 4-25 degrees were
      studied. The proteolysis of oxy-forms of proteins was performed in the presence
      of CN- to prevent the appearance in solution of quickly splitted aqua and hydroxy
      met-forms. Pepsin (at pH 5.5), trypsin (at pH 7.0 and 8.5) and protease VI
      (pronase) (at pH 7.0 and 8.5) were used as proteases. The rate of proteolysis was
      registered simultaneously by proteolysate precipitation in concentrated salt
      solutions (to determine the content of the native form), by precipitation in
      aqueous solution of trichloroacetic or perchloric acid and by colouring the
      terminal NH2-groups by ninhidrin in the total proteolysate. For most cases the
      data of all the three independent methods fell on a single kinetic curve, each
      pair protein--protease being represented by their individual curves. Therefore
      the breakdown of all the protein studied possesses a burst-like ("one-by-one",
      "all-or-none") character. The protein resistance to the attack by proteolytic
      enzymes increases in the following order: globin less than oxy-alpha-chain less
      than metHb less than oxy-beta-chain less than HbO2 congruent to CNmetHb. The use
      of control repeated proteolysis has made it possible to prove that differences in
      the rate of proteolytic degradation are not the consequence of spontaneous
      denaturation of the least unstable forms of proteins in the course of proteolytic
      reaction but are predetermined by the conformational state of the native
      macromolecule.

PMID- 6818452
TI  - beta-Galactosidase alpha-complementation. A model of protein-protein interaction.
AB  - Studies on beta-galactosidase alpha-complementation are reviewed. The isolation
      and structure of two beta-galactosidase fragments that form an enzymically active
      complex are described. One of these is a cyanogen bromide peptide from whole beta
      galactosidase; the other is a dimeric protein from a lacZ deletion mutant of
      Escherichia coli. The mechanism most likely involves an initial binding of two
      cyanogen bromide peptides to the dimer, followed by formation of a tetramer, and
      finally a slow conformational change of the complex to a native-like enzyme. The
      overall reaction is essentially irreversible. A region of the polypeptide chain
      involved in dimer-dimer contact must be supplied by the cyanogen bromide peptide.
      alpha-Complemented enzyme contains overlapping sequences. Proteolytic experiments
      were carried out to determine the origin of the functionally important segment.
      The effect on alpha-complementation of amino acid substitutions at four positions
      in the polypeptide chain was investigated. The implications of these results for
      beta-galactosidase structure and for proteins in general are discussed.

PMID- 6818455
TI  - [Pregnancy and cancer].

PMID- 6818454
TI  - [Immunogenic hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 6818456
TI  - [Abortion in tumor patients from a legal viewpoint].

PMID- 6818457
TI  - [Pregnancy following surgery for malignancies].

PMID- 6818458
TI  - [X-ray therapy and pregnancy].

PMID- 6818459
TI  - [Tumor therapy and pregnancy].

PMID- 6818460
TI  - [Dyspnea in tumor patients].

PMID- 6818461
TI  - [Animals as automatons or relatives? Descartes or Darwin].

PMID- 6818462
TI  - [Acute psychoses caused by diphenhydramine poisoning].

PMID- 6818463
TI  - [Acute toxic myolysis].

PMID- 6818464
TI  - [What is "normal" nutrition?].

PMID- 6818465
TI  - [Obesity and its treatment].

PMID- 6818466
TI  - [Dietetics in glomerulonephritis and renal insufficiency].

PMID- 6818467
TI  - [Diet in hypertensive disease].

PMID- 6818468
TI  - [Dietetics in type I diabetes].

PMID- 6818469
TI  - [Dietetics in lipid metabolism disorders].

PMID- 6818470
TI  - [Risk factors and prevention of "stroke"].

PMID- 6818471
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 6818472
TI  - Metabolic activation capabilities of S9 liver fraction from 3 species in the
      L5178Y mouse-lymphoma assay.

PMID- 6818474
TI  - Effect of hormone treatment on spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosomal
      breakage in normal and dwarf mice.
AB  - Treatment of dwarf mice with growth hormone, insulin and testosterone had no
      effect on the spontaneous frequencies of micronuclei (MN) in bone-marrow cells,
      whereas thyroxine decreased these frequencies. The induction of MN by X-rays and
      mitomycin C was significantly lower in dwarf mice than in normal mice. Treatment
      with thyroxine plus growth hormone restored normal radiosensitivity in dwarfs.

PMID- 6818475
TI  - Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on radiation-induced chromosomal
      aberrations in mouse germ cells and Chinese hamster cells in vitro.
AB  - Earlier observations on the induction by X-rays of reciprocal translactions in
      stem-cell spermatogonia of the rhesus monkey have established a correlation
      between the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in blood at the moment of
      irradiation and the final recovery of translocations (van Buul, 1980). In the
      present study, FSH treatment of mice did not induce chromosomal aberrations in
      bone-marrow cells or stem-cell spermatogonia, nor did it change the
      radiosensitivity of stem-cell spermatogonia for the induction of chromosomal
      translocations. Experiments in vitro with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO),
      however, showed a clear radiosensitizing effect of FSH on the induction of
      structural chromosomal aberrations.

PMID- 6818473
TI  - Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of the carcinogen-mutagen aflatoxin B1 in
      Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) and Salmonella typhimurium: dependence on
      DNA repair functions.
AB  - Strains R6, R6x and R6uvr-1 of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) are
      sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of the mutagen/carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).
      R6uvr-1 is more prone to the cytotoxic effects of AFB1 than the repair-proficient
      parental strain, R6. The same differential susceptibility of strains R6, R6x and
      R6uvr-1 was observed when UV light replaced metabolically activated AFB1. All
      pneumococcal strains were immutable by AFB1. AFB1 mutagenesis in Salmonella
      typhimurium strains was dependent on a functional RecA gene product. The
      enhancing effects of delta uvrB and plasmid pKM101 were found to be additive.
      Data presented are consistent with the following: (i) AFB1 toxic effects are due
      mainly to DNA binding of AFB1; (ii) AFB1 mutagenesis is dependent on error-prone
      DNA repair; (iii) Pneumococcus lacks an active error-prone (SOS) DNA-repair
      system.

PMID- 6818476
TI  - Association of mutator activity with UV sensitivity in an aphidicolin-resistant
      mutant of Chinese hamster V79 cells.
AB  - The spontaneous mutation rates of an ultraviolet light (UV)-sensitive aphidicolin
      resistant mutant (aphr-4-2) and its revertants have been determined by 2
      techniques. By using the fluctuation analysis, the mutant and its thymidine (TdR)
      prototrophic 'revertant' were found to exhibit elevated spontaneous mutation
      rates at the 6-thioguanine- and diphtheria-toxin-resistant loci. In contrast, the
      TdR-auxotrophic 'revertant' did not show this property. Similar results were
      obtained by the multiple replating technique. From these comparative studies and
      other previous characterizations, it appears that a single gene mutation is
      responsible for the following pleiotropic phenotype: slow growth. UV sensitivity,
      high UV-induced mutability, high frequency of site-specific bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdU)-dependent chromosome breaks and enhanced spontaneous mutation rate. Recent
      studies indicate that the mutation may be on the gene for DNA polymerase alpha.
      The results further indicate that thymidine auxotrophy or imbalance in nucleotide
      pools is not necessarily associated with the mutator activity in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6818477
TI  - Hypermutability of a UV-sensitive aphidicolin-resistant mutant of Chinese hamster
      fibroblasts.
AB  - An ultraviolet light (UV)-sensitive thymidine auxotroph of Chinese hamster V79
      cells that exhibits pleiotropic effects such as a high level of deoxycytidine
      triphosphate, slow growth, sensitivity to cytidine, and high frequencies of site
      specific bromodeoxyuridine-dependent chromosomal aberrations was selected by its
      resistance to aphidicolin. The UV-induced mutability of this mutant and one of
      its revertants, which retains some of the phenotypes listed above, was studied in
      3 mutation assay systems. The results showed that the mutant was hypermutable for
      ouabain and diphtheria-toxin-resistant mutations compared to wild-type V79 cells
      at the same UV dose or the same survival level. The mutant exhibits a delayed
      expression of maximal frequency of induced 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants. When
      maximal frequencies are compared at the same UV dose, the mutant also has higher
      mutation frequencies at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
      locus. The revertant was similar to the wild-type in UV sensitivity and
      mutability. Our results showed that UV sensitivity and hypermutability are
      correlated and controlled by a single gene. Thymidine auxotrophy or nucleotide
      pool imbalance apparently did not contribute to the UV sensitivity and mutability
      of the mutant.

PMID- 6818478
TI  - Characterization of a UV-resistant strain, UVr-10, established from a human
      clonal cell line, RSb, with high sensitivity to UV, 4NQO, MNNG and interferon.
AB  - Characterization was performed of a UV-resistant variant strain. UVr-10, derived
      from a human clonal cell line, RSb, with high sensitivity not only to the lethal
      effect of 254-nm far-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation but also to the effects of 4
      nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG),
      and to the cell proliferation inhibition (CPI) effect of human leukocyte
      interferon (HuIFN-alpha) preparations. Colony-formation assays confirmed the
      increased resistance of UVr-10 cells to both UV and 4NQO, but no increased
      resistance to MNNG. The marked recovery from the inhibition of the total cellular
      DNA synthesis of UVr-10 cells, estimated by [methyl-3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd)
      uptake into the cellular DNA materials, was seen during 6 h after UV irradiation
      or 4NQO treatment even under the conditions without the recovery uptake into
      those of the parent RSb cells, but not during 6 h after MNNG treatment.
      Comparative studies on the activity of DNA repair synthesis between UVr-10 and
      RSb cells, by measuring the extent of UV-, 4NQO- or MNNG-induced unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (UDS) and DNA repair replication, revealed an increased activity of UVr
      10 cells to UV and 4NQO but no significant increase of the activity to MNNG.
      These results suggest that increased DNA repair activities of a UVr-10 cell line
      may account for its becoming resistant to the lethal effect of UV and 4NQO.
      Concerning the CPI effect of HuIFN-alpha, UVr-10 cells showed increased
      resistance. Further, the DNA synthesis activity of UVr-10 cells was not so
      inhibited by HuIFN-alpha exposure as that of RSb cells. However, HuIFN-alpha
      exposed UVr-10 cells showed more enhanced levels of activity of pppA(2'p5'A)n
      synthetase (2-5A synthetase) than the exposed RSb, thus suggesting that HuIFN
      alpha could exert enough intracellular effect even in UVr-10 cells. The
      implication of the increased resistance of UVr-10 cells to the effects of UV,
      4NQO and HuIFN-alpha, but not to those of MNNG, is discussed.

PMID- 6818479
TI  - [Antigen and antibody detection in sera of human and experimental candidiasis
      using immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis].

PMID- 6818480
TI  - The Hooper Memorial Lecture: the role of parenteral nutrition in the management
      of patients with injury.

PMID- 6818481
TI  - [Laboratory parameters in valproate therapy].

PMID- 6818482
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis complicated by Aspergillus flavus peritonitis: a role for
      fungal antigen serodiagnosis.
AB  - A patient is described with aspergillus peritonitis associated with peritoneal
      dialysis. Although the diagnosis was established by exploratory laparotomy,
      aspergillus antigenemia was detected retrospectively in sera obtained 15 days
      prior to the surgical procedure. An approach to the evaluation of a patient with
      culture negative peritonitis and the potential clinical usefulness of the
      detection of fungal antigen in serum and peritoneal fluid of patients undergoing
      peritoneal dialysis is discussed.

PMID- 6818483
TI  - [Mytomycin C nephrotoxicity. 3 new cases and review of the literature].
AB  - Three women with adenocarcinoma of cardia, adenocarcinoma of liver or ileum
      carcinoid tumor, respectively, were treated with mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluoro
      uracil (5-FU). Two patients had renal impairment 6 and 11 months, the third as
      early as 8 weeks after initiation of MMC therapy. In the three cases, blood
      transfusions appeared to play an aggravating role inducing respiratory distress,
      microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, and to accelerate
      progression of renal failure. Death occurred in the first patient; terminal renal
      insufficiency necessitated hemodialysis treatment in the second, and after 10
      plasma exchanges, renal failure remained stable in the third. Light and electron
      microscopy study of the kidney revealed renal lesions compatible with thrombotic
      microangiopathy in all cases. Mesangiolysis with swollen nuclei of endothelial
      cells in most glomeruli was also seen in two cases. We compared our observations
      with the findings found in 30 previously reported cases. These observations
      substantiate the renal toxicity of mitomycin C.

PMID- 6818484
TI  - [Fracture of the sella turcica--a case report and review of the literature].
AB  - The incidence of a fracture of the sella turcica is reported to be rare and the
      authors reported a case of a sellar fracture associated with several neurological
      and endocrinological complications. A 16-year-old boy was struck at the face and
      the forehead on the road in a motorcycle accident and was hospitalized in a
      confusional state. Neurological examinations showed dilatation of the both
      pupils, sluggish light reflex on both sides and bilateral oculomotor palsy but
      motor weakness or sensory disturbance was not present. On the tenth hospital day,
      he developed diabetes insipidus and endocrinological examinations disclosed the
      impairment of GH, LH and FSH reserves, too. Neuroradiological examinations
      disclosed fractures of bilateral frontal bones and fractures of the left optic
      canal and ethmoidal roof as well as a fracture of the sella turcica. On the 28th
      hospital day, he also developed CSF rhinorrhea and pneumocephalus. Surgical
      repair for the CSF rhinorrhea was performed. Fractures of the sella turcica were
      reviewed in 23 cases including our personal case and a special consideration
      regarding the mechanism of sellar fractures and their major complications was
      made. The authors stressed the early recognition of a fracture of the sella
      turcica in head injuries, which would suggest a severe hypothalamo-pituitary
      involvement or other neurological disorders.

PMID- 6818486
TI  - Injection of hypertonic saline or mannitol accelerates the dehydration-induced
      activation of dopamine synthesis in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat
      hypophysis.
AB  - The rate of dopamine (DA) synthesis (DOPA accumulation after the administration
      of an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) was determined in
      terminals of tuberohypophyseal DA neurons in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of
      the rat hypophysis at various times after the presentation of osmotic stimuli. DA
      synthesis in the NIL, but not in median eminence or striatum, was increased 24 h
      but not 4 h after an injection of hypertonic saline (5 ml 15% NaCl/kg, s.c.),
      provided the animals were not permitted access to water after the injection; 24 h
      of water deprivation per se was without effect on the rate of DA synthesis. DOPA
      accumulation in the NIL was also increased after an intravenous infusion of
      mannitol (25 ml 20% mannitol/kg) plus 24 h of water deprivation. These results
      suggest that the dehydration-induced activation of tuberohypophyseal DA neurons
      which is normally seen after 2-3 days of water deprivation can be accelerated if
      water deprivation is preceeded by injections of hypertonic saline or mannitol.

PMID- 6818485
TI  - Regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the prepubertal period. Effect of growth
      hormone and thyroid deficiency in female rats.

PMID- 6818487
TI  - Vacuolar myopathy with type 2 A fiber atrophy and type 2 B fiber deficiency. A
      case of childhood form acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency.
AB  - This report describes a female patient with childhood form of acid maltase
      deficiency who survived till fifteen years old. Although acid alpha-1,4
      glucosidase was deficient in the liver, kidney, skeletal and cardiac muscles,
      neutral alpha-1,4-glucosidase was present in normal concentrations in those
      organs. On light microscopic examination, numerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles
      containing acid phosphatase positive granules and PAS positive materials were
      present in both type 1 and 2 A fibers, predominantly in the latter. The striking
      finding in the present case was a selective type 2 fiber atrophy with type 2 B
      fiber deficiency believed to result from type 2 motor neuron dysfunction in the
      spinal cord. Electron microscopic study revealed extensive glycogen particle
      accumulation, autophagic vacuoles and myelin figures in the muscle fibers.

PMID- 6818488
TI  - The ability of RX 77368 - a stabilised analogue of TRH - to provoke the secretion
      of prolactin and TSH in vivo.
AB  - RX 77368, a stabilised analogue of TRH, has been evaluated for its ability to
      provoke the release of TSH and prolactin in vivo after intravenous administration
      to rats and human volunteers. The analogue caused a dose-related release of TSH
      in both species. In rats the compound caused release of prolactin but the dose
      response relationship was bi-phasic, so that large doses caused only a diminished
      response. The prolactin response in human volunteers was equivocal and further
      experiments will be necessary to define the effect. Despite its greater
      biological stability the potency, efficacy and duration of effect with RX 77368
      was similar to that of TRH in both species. The manner in which further endocrine
      investigations may aid the clinical development of RX 77368 is discussed.

PMID- 6818489
TI  - A new improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay for
      thyroliberin. Application to biological samples.
AB  - A new approach to increase the sensitivity and the specificity of a
      radioimmunoassay for thyroliberin (TRH) is described. The obtention of the anti
      TRH antiserum used in this study has been previously reported (8): it exhibits a
      higher affinity for mono and di-iodo TRH derivatives. The method consists in
      iodinating the standards and the biological extracts with a large excess of
      reagents (NaI + chloramine T) under definite conditions of pH and concentrations.
      Mono iodo [[I125]-His2]-TRH purified by TLC was used as a tracer. This method
      both increases the sensitivity by 5 folds and improves the specificity by
      excluding or highly reducing the cross-reactivity obtained with closely related
      peptides. It has been successfully applied to mouse hypothalamic tissue extracts.
      It presents the advantage to measure low amounts of TRH in mouse tissue samples
      such as posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary.

PMID- 6818490
TI  - Comparison of the brain tissue response in rats to injury by argon and carbon
      dioxide lasers.
AB  - This study compares the acute and chronic response of brain tissue to injury by
      equal power density, focused argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser beams. A
      cortical incision from 0.2-second laser pulses of 12.5 X 10(3) W/cm2 power
      density was made in the exposed cortex of 32 rats using either the CO2 or the Ar
      laser. The brains were examined at intervals from 1/2 hour to 1 month after
      injury. Histologically, all brain incisions were sharply demarcated
      hemispheroidal defects with a vaporized center bordered by a zone of coagulation
      necrosis surrounded by edema. The laser incisions were found to be of equal depth
      (less than 1 mm). The average cortical surface diameter of the CO2 laser incision
      was 0.86 mm for a focused beam spot size 0.45 mm in diameter, compared with 0.65
      mm with the Ar laser, which had a focused beam spot size 0.15 mm in diameter. In
      both incisions, some delayed depth effect was observed. A progression of the
      tissue necrosis by approximately 17% was observed during the first 24 hours after
      injury. During the first 4 hours after injury, the Evans blue blood-brain barrier
      defect (EBBD) surrounding the cortical incisions averaged 5.80 mm2 for the CO2
      incision and 0.888 mm2 for the Ar incision. In both types of brain incision, the
      EBBD appeared to resolve by 24 hours after injury. At 1 month after injury, a
      core of coagulation necrosis surrounded by mild fibrillary gliosis was observed.
      At the power density and focused beam spot sizes used, there was no significant
      difference in the overall brain tissue response to Ar and CO2 laser lesions.

PMID- 6818491
TI  - Widespread cortical projections of the hippocampal formation in the cat.
AB  - Efferent projections from the hippocampal formation to the cat's cortex were
      traced with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique. Different areas of
      the cortex of 31 cats were injected with small amounts of horseradish peroxidase.
      All subregions of the hippocampal formation were screened for labeled cells. It
      was found that, with the exception of the entorhinal injections, only subicular
      areas of the hippocampal formation contain labeled neurons. When HRP was injected
      into the entorhinal cortex, labeled cells are also found in the hippocampus
      proper. The most dense projection from the subicular cortex is directed to the
      medial part of the cortical hemisphere. Here, cingulate, retrosplenial and medial
      prefrontal fields receive a substantial number of subicular efferents.
      Furthermore, the entorhinal cortex is reached by a number of axons originating in
      the subicular area. Scarce projections from the subicular cortex terminate in the
      dorsal prefrontal, temporal, parietal and prepiriform cortex. It is suggested
      that the projection from the subicular cortex to the neocortical areas of the
      frontal pole (medial prefrontal cortex) is of special importance as it may
      constitute a link between the association areas of the neocortex and those
      regions of the limbic system thought to play a role in memory (subicular cortex,
      mamillary bodies, anterior thalamus, cingulate gyrus).

PMID- 6818492
TI  - Noradrenergic and non-noradrenergic nerves containing small granular vesicles in
      Auerbach's plexus of the guinea-pig: evidence against the presence of
      noradrenergic synapses.
AB  - The appearance and distribution of varicosities containing small granular
      vesicles in Auerbach's plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, distal colon and rectum
      has been studied with the electron-microscope. Two types of varicosity were
      recognised. The first type was located predominantly at the surface of the plexus
      and did not form synapses on intrinsic neurons. This type became labelled with 5
      hydroxydopamine, a specific marker for noradrenergic axons, and was destroyed by
      6-hydroxydopamine and extrinsic denervation, procedures which lead to
      degeneration of noradrenergic nerves in the gut. The second type formed
      axodendritic and axosomatic synapses on intrinsic neurons and the morphology of
      its synaptic vesicles differed subtly from that of the first type. The second
      type was unaffected by 5-hydroxydopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, or extrinsic
      denervation. It is concluded that the two types of small granular vesicle
      containing varicosities belong to different neurons and that the first type is
      noradrenergic. Noradrenergic varicosities do not, therefore, form synapses in
      Auerbach's plexus. This conclusion is in accord with the electrophysiological
      findings. The second type of small granular vesicle-containing varicosity is not
      noradrenergic although it was formerly thought to be so. It is intrinsic to the
      gut and is resistant to the serotoninergic neurotoxin, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 6818493
TI  - [Sepsis caused by vascular catheterization in acute brain damage. Risk factors].

PMID- 6818494
TI  - [Septic complications of venous cannulations. Personal experience in daily
      practice of intensive therapy of serious brain damage].

PMID- 6818495
TI  - [Anomalies of ventricular repolarization in asymptomatic subjects and angina
      patients. Possibility of differential diagnosis with pharmacological tests].

PMID- 6818496
TI  - [Effects of hormonal contraception on benign changes of the breast].

PMID- 6818497
TI  - [Vulvar localization of neurofibromatosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 6818498
TI  - Spontaneous paroxysmal electroclinical patterns in rat: a model of generalized
      non-convulsive epilepsy.
AB  - During quiet wakefulness of 63 adult Wistar rats, 24 exhibited synchronous
      paroxysmal bursts consisting of spikes and spike and wave discharges, recorded in
      the amygdala and frontoparietal cortex. Discharges were associated with a sudden
      immobility of the rat and rhythmic twitches of vibrissae or cervicofacial
      musculature. As soon as the phenomena stopped, the animal resumed its previous
      behavior. Paroxysmal electroclinical attacks could be observed as long as the
      animal survived. Similar electrical discharges have been observed previously in
      rodents by other authors and interpreted as an epileptic phenomenon. Preliminary
      pharmacological results confirm this interpretation and emphasize the similarity
      between our findings and the human petit mal epilepsy.

PMID- 6818499
TI  - Masked hypervitaminosis A and liver injury.

PMID- 6818500
TI  - Lymphocyte traffic in nutritional deficiency.

PMID- 6818501
TI  - Progress in nutrition research: 1942-1982.

PMID- 6818502
TI  - Uterine osseous metaplasia.
AB  - A rare case of osseous metaplasia of the endocervix and endometrium is discussed
      with both macroscopic and microscopic evidence of new bone formation in the
      uterus. History of menstrual irregularities, repeated abortions, infertility with
      histopathologic evidence of chronic inflammation, and bone formation may be
      evident in these cases. Various theories of the pathogenesis of benign uterine
      bone formation are discussed.

PMID- 6818503
TI  - Another look at rising health care costs.

PMID- 6818504
TI  - Optic glioma. Long-term follow-up of 85 histopathologically verified cases.
AB  - Eighty-five cases of histologically verified gliomas of the optic nerve or chiasm
      were studied retrospectively. Patient survival was analyzed according to location
      of tumor, treatment received, presence of neurofibromatosis, and degree of
      histologic anaplasia. Thirty-three patients had optic nerve tumors, and 52 had
      tumors involving the chiasm. Follow-up ranged from 6 days to 43.7 years. Of the
      33 patients with optic nerve tumors, 28 (85%) survived a mean duration of 17
      years, and survival was significantly associated with completeness of surgical
      excision. Twenty-three of the 52 patients (44%) with chiasmal tumors survived a
      mean duration of 19 years. Survival among patients with chiasmal tumors was
      unrelated to therapy received and was affected adversely by concomitant
      involvement of adjacent brain structures. The presence of neurofibromatosis
      conferred a protective benefit to patients with chiasmal tumors. No other
      significant factors could be statistically identified to influence the prognosis
      of patients with optic gliomas.

PMID- 6818506
TI  - The QA policy statement: a tool for focusing a hospitalwide QA program.

PMID- 6818505
TI  - A study of dentists perceptions of a QA project conducted in their private
      offices.

PMID- 6818507
TI  - Use of a concerns-based technical assistance model for quality assurance
      implementation.

PMID- 6818508
TI  - Tracheopathia osteoplastica: report of four cases.
AB  - We describe 4 florid examples of tracheopathia osteoplastica (TPO) discovered
      incidentally at autopsy. The sparsity of previously reported cases of TPO from
      Australia possibly reflects a lack of awareness of this entity rather than its
      true incidence. The more recent literature concerning the etiopathogenesis,
      pathology and clinical complications of this uncommon condition is reviewed. In
      our view TPO is a distinct entity and does not represent a late stage of diffuse
      tracheal amyloidosis.

PMID- 6818510
TI  - [Effect of the artificially induced coupling of respiration and phosphorylation
      on the course of hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 6818509
TI  - Folate assays--an alternative to microbiological assays and commercial kits.
AB  - A simple and reliable folate radioassay technique based on the principles of
      classic folate radioassays but incorporating several of the recently introduced
      technical innovations is presented as an alternative to the microbiological
      assays and commercial kits. Serum and red cell folate values from this method
      were compared with results from two commercial kits and a Lactobacillus casei (L.
      casei) assay. There was a good correlation with the L. casei assay for both serum
      and red cell folate (r = 0.95). The method uses N-methyltetrahydrofolate
      standards diluted in folate free serum, beta-lactoglobulin as a binder and an
      alkaline denaturation ('no-boil') of endogenous folate binding proteins. Low
      hematocrit lysates were best performed at a 1 in 10 rather than 1 in 20 dilution.
      A comparison of the boil and 'no-boil' kits from Diagnostic Products Corporation
      revealed that the 'no-boil' kit produced results closer to those obtained from
      the L. casei assay than the boil kit.

PMID- 6818511
TI  - Immune function in the malnourished host.
AB  - Deficiencies of protein, energy, and specific vitamins and minerals impair
      function of various components of the immunological network and therefore weaken
      host defense. These various deficiencies may affect specific loci within the
      network, but because of the interrelations between the different systems, the
      ultimate effect may be quite broad. Patients with PEM often suffer infections,
      which may also impair the immune function. It is difficult to separate effects of
      malnutrition from those of infection, a fact recognized in the recent coinage of
      the term malnutrition-infection complex. On the basis of the available
      information it appears that PEM and associated deficiencies of nutrients cause a
      major impairment in the T lymphocytes and the complement system. They have
      relatively less effect on the B lymphocytes and the phagocytes directly; however,
      normal B cell activity is dependent on regulatory influences of T cells and the
      phagocytic cells require mediators generated from the activation of complement.
      Therefore these cells also are functionally defective in PEM. The consequence of
      these deficiencies of function of the immune system in the malnourished host is
      heightened susceptibility to and a less vigorous response to infections. These
      defects can be generally reversed by nutritional rehabilitation.

PMID- 6818512
TI  - Infantile malnutrition in the tropics.

PMID- 6818514
TI  - Fasting pancreatic glucagon in Jamaican children during malnutrition and
      subsequent recovery.
AB  - Fasting pancreatic glucagon was observed in Jamaican infants during malnutrition
      and subsequent recovery. Rehabilitation in two groups of children with isocaloric
      diets rich either in carbohydrate or fat produced no differences in the rate of
      weight gain. During malnutrition, plasma pancreatic glucagon concentration was
      104 +/- 11 (n = 20) pg/ml (mean +/- S.E.) significantly lower than during
      recovery when the maximum value was 180 +/- 24 (n = 13) pg/ml during the later
      recovery phase. After clinical recovery glucagon levels declined to 127 +/- 13 (n
      = 15) pg/ml. Plasma insulin followed a similar pattern, increasing significantly
      during catch-up growth and declining after recovery. Slower rates of growth were
      associated with the simultaneous decline in the concentrations of both hormones
      after clinical recovery.

PMID- 6818513
TI  - Enzymatic and immunologic quantitation of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in
      adults and in neonates of different gestational ages.
AB  - Human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified and specific antiserum
      was raised in rabbits. Enzyme preparations from adults and from newborns were
      shown to be indistinguishable in their immunologic and electrophoretic
      properties. Erythrocyte SOD was quantitated in blood specimens from adults and in
      cord blood specimens from neonates of different gestational ages, using both an
      immunologic and an activity assay. The mean values of SOD concentration and SOD
      activity for adults and for newborns of average size for gestational age (AGA)
      showed no significant difference. Adult red cells contained 28.0 +/- 8.3 SOD
      units/mg hemoglobin (Hgb) whereas AGA neonatal red cells had 28.5 +/- 8.3 SOD
      units/mg Hgb. Immunologic quantitation by single radial immunodiffusion revealed
      0.69 +/- 0.07 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb in adults and 0.70 +/- 0.14 micrograms SOD/mg
      Hgb in the AGA neonates; however, the SOD concentrations from both small for
      gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were
      significantly lower than those of the AGA neonates and the adults (SGA: 0.57 +/-
      0.24 micrograms SOD/mg Hgb, P less than 0.05; LGA: 0.59 +/- 0.16 micrograms
      SOD/mg Hgb, P less than 0.05).

PMID- 6818515
TI  - [Greig's syndrome in a 6-year-old girl].

PMID- 6818516
TI  - [Efficacy of sodium dipropylacetate compared with phenobarbital and placebo in
      the prevention of recurrence of febrile convulsions].

PMID- 6818517
TI  - Evidence for coupled sodium/hydrogen exchange in the rat superficial proximal
      convoluted tubule.
AB  - Recent in vitro studies from the rat and rabbit have suggested a tightly coupled
      sodium/hydrogen ion exchanger on the luminal membrane of proximal tubules. The
      steep sodium gradient from the lumen to cell supplies indirect energy for
      hydrogen ions to be pumped from the cell to the lumen. However, a proton
      translocating pump has been demonstrated in other epithelia, which is independent
      of sodium transport and directly driven by ATP. To examine the role that sodium
      might play in the process of acidification, rat proximal convoluted tubules and
      their surrounding peritubular capillaries were perfused in vivo with artificial
      ultrafiltrate-like perfusion solutions. Total CO2 absorption was measured by
      microcalorimetry during alterations in sodium transport by replacement of the
      sodium with an impermeant cation, choline, or by inhibition of the (Na+ + K+)
      ATPase by removing potassium from both perfusion solutions. Under control
      conditions the absolute rate of total CO2 absorption was 140 pmol/mm X min. In
      the choline substitution and potassium removal experiments, absolute total CO2
      absorption fell to 23 and 28 pmol/mm X min, respectively. The data suggest that:
      1) in the rat superficial proximal convoluted tubule approximately 80% of the
      bicarbonate absorption is tightly coupled to sodium transport; 2) this process is
      driven indirectly by the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase system; and 3) the residual 20% of
      acidification appears to be mediated by another mechanism or may be a consequence
      of technical limitations.

PMID- 6818518
TI  - Transient and steady state responses of pulmonary ventilation to the medullary
      extracellular pH after approximately rectangular changes in alveolar PCO2.
AB  - The extracellular pH (pHe) either on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata
      or the parietal cortex, the tidal volume, the expiratory PCO2 and the arterial
      blood pressure were continuously recorded in anaesthetized or unanaesthetized
      decerebrate cats. The concentration of the inspired CO2 was manipulated in order
      to obtain a nearly rectangular increase in the end-tidal PCO2. The responses of
      VT.f, VE and pH to such a change in PCO2 were observed. The observations from
      such a preparation were: 1. pHe responded with a delay of 5-7 s to a rectangular
      variation in end-tidal PCO2. 2. The time constant of the change in the medullary
      extracellular pH was in the range of 50 s and a similar value was found for VT
      and VE. 3. The response of VT or VE to a change in the medullary pHe was
      approximately linear in anaesthetized as well as in unanaesthetized decerebrate
      cats. The slope of the respiratory response of VT to pHe in decerebrate cats was
      about 3 times greater than that in anaesthetized cats. There were only slight
      differences in the relation of VT to pHe between the transient and steady state
      responses. This means that the "upstroke" of the on-transient of VT was
      approximately the same as the 'downstroke' of the off-transient. On the other
      hand, a slight delay was observed when VE was plotted against pHe. Pronounced
      delay occurred when respiratory frequency was plotted against pHe for on- and off
      CO2 transients. 4. A marked hyteresis was observed when VT or VE was plotted
      against the cortical pHe for on- and off-CO2 inhalation. 5. Such a precise time
      correlation of the medullary surface pH and VT changes could only be possible if
      the pH on the ventral medullary surface is representative for the pH at the
      sensor.

PMID- 6818519
TI  - Fast bicarbonate-chloride exchange between plasma and brain extracellular fluid
      at maintained PCO2.
AB  - The aim of this paper was to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of
      bicarbonate exchange at the blood-brain ECF barrier. The experiments were
      performed on anaesthetized and artificially ventilated cats in such a way that
      acid-base parameters of the brain extracellular fluid were continuously measured
      while an approximately rectangular increase in the arterial plasma bicarbonate
      concentration was produced at maintained PCO2. The results from such a
      preparation were: 1. A rapid increase in the brain extracellular bicarbonate
      concentration was observed in response to an i.v. bolus injection of 3 ml molar
      NaHCO3. The bolus was followed by a slow infusion of bicarbonate solution. The
      brain extracellular bicarbonate reached a new steady state within a minute. 2.
      This increase was almost simultaneously accompanied by a decrease in the
      extracellular chloride concentration. The HCO-3-Cl- exchange ratio very closely
      approached one. 3. The extracellular bicarbonate concentration in the brain,
      after an initial increase, returned towards control in spite of elevated arterial
      bicarbonate at maintained PCO2. 4. The results are discussed in terms of a 5
      compartment model, where the extracellular fluid is interposed between the glial
      cells and the interstitial side of the endothelial cells, similar to the blood
      plasma being interposed between the red cells and the luminal side of the
      endothelial cells. 5. A non-electrogenic carrier-mediated HCO-3-Cl- exchange at
      the interphase of the blood brain barrier is postulated.

PMID- 6818520
TI  - [Association of Recklinghausen's disease with carcinoid of Vater's ampulla. A new
      nosologic entity: apudoma. A case].
AB  - The coexistence of neurofibromatous skin lesions and carcinoid of Vater's ampulla
      is not fortuitous. The melanocytes in the brownish pigmented skin lesions bind
      DOPA, while the chromaffin cells in the digestive tumour contain cytoplasmic
      granules where precursors of amines with digestive activity are synthetized and
      stored. DOPA is one of these precursors. Both diseases, therefore, are
      interrelated by a common embryological origin: the neural crest.

PMID- 6818521
TI  - [Light chain or monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease: physiopathogenic
      concepts].
AB  - Although recently identified, this disease is by no means exceptional. It is
      characterized by the deposition in various organs of an amorphous substance which
      differs from the amyloid substance and contains monoclonal immunoglobulin
      determinants: either a light kappa or lambda chain, or a light and a heavy chain.
      The severity of the disease is due to various organs being involved, notably the
      kidneys. There is in every case a monoclonal plasmocytic or lymphoplasmocytic
      proliferation which may appear as benign. In almost one-third of the cases no
      monoclonal immunoglobulin can be detected in the serum. In a study of
      immunoglobulin biosynthesis, 6 out of 8 patients showed striking structural
      abnormalities. The relationship between these very unusual lg's and tissue
      deposition is discussed in detail.

PMID- 6818522
TI  - [Metabolic adaptation to chronic denutrition in anorexia nervosa. Effects of
      realimentation. Value of the assay of urinary 3-methylhistidine].
AB  - Nutritional studies conducted in 9 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa
      showed a marasmus-like pattern with predominant depletion of lean body mass
      rather than of visceral proteins. In addition, adaptation to insufficient food
      intake led to a decrease in myofibrillar breakdown, as evidenced by low levels of
      urinary 3-methylhistidine. Low-flow enteral feeding resulted, within a few weeks,
      in return to normal of plasma proteins (particularly those with short half-life),
      while a dramatic increase in urinary 3-methylhistidine suggested acceleration of
      muscle protein turnover under adequate calorie-protein intake.

PMID- 6818523
TI  - [Comparative bactericidal activity of beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The effects of combining each of 10 beta-lactamins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin,
      piperacillin, azlocillin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone,
      ceftazidime, cefsulodin) with 6 aminoglycosides were studied in vitro against two
      strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal activity was tested by two
      methods: solid medium technique of "cellophane transfer" and "checkerboard"
      method (broth-dilution micromethod partly automatic). No single antagonism was
      observed. Concerning new penicillins, the percentage of synergy is increasing
      from carbenicillin, to ticarcillin, to azlocillin and finally to piperacillin.
      For recent cephalosporins, the most synergistic combinations are obtained with
      ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and ceftazidime. If aminoglycosides associations are
      considered, there is a good activity whichever antibiotic chosen, with a higher
      level for streptomycin and lower one for tobramycin. Dibekacin combinations, also
      tested by the checkerboard method, are particularly synergistic with azlocillin
      and piperacillin for new penicillins, and equally well with ceftriaxone for
      recent cephalosporins.

PMID- 6818524
TI  - [Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Value of their determination in the
      detection of coronary atherosclerosis. Comparison with data supplied by
      coronarography].
AB  - Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A1 and B were determined in a
      reference population and in 273 patients who underwent coronary arteriography for
      evaluation of chest pain. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to
      arteriographic findings. The 102 patients in group A had normal coronary
      arteries; the 30 patients in group B had small vascular abnormalities but no
      significant narrowing; the 141 patients in group C had significant vascular
      lesions with greater than or equal to 50% narrowing. Total cholesterol and
      triglycerides were quantified using enzymatic methods. HDL cholesterol and
      phospholipids were enzymatically analyzed after phosphotungstate precipitation.
      Plasma lipoproteins were evaluated by quantitative electrophoresis based on
      densitometric scanning of the lipoprotein bands after separation and
      visualization by polyanion precipitation. Apoproteins A1 and B were measured by
      electroimmuno-diffusion assay using ready-for-use plates. Statistical evaluation
      of the data showed that group C patients had higher betalipoprotein and apo B
      levels and lower alphalipoprotein and apo A1 levels than subjects with normal
      coronary arteries. The predictive value of these results was established in
      relation to clinical findings. Plasma lipid measurements proved inadequate to
      separate the 3 groups. In contrast, the betalipoprotein/alphalipoprotein ratio
      and, still better, the apo A1/apo B ratio provided good discrimination. The
      results suggest that measurement of plasma apo A1 and apo B levels is the best
      means of assessing the risk of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6818525
TI  - [Blood prolactin in 845 cases of clinically idiopathic sexual dysfunction].
AB  - Serum prolactin levels were measured in 845 subjects presenting with clinically
      idiopathic sexual dysfunction, including impotence, premature or defective
      ejaculation and frigidity in women. Stimulation tests using thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH) and sulpiride were performed in 80 men. One p. cent of
      impotent subjects had high serum prolactin levels associated with pituitary
      adenoma in 4/5 cases; 2.2% of impotent men, 10% of men with premature ejaculation
      and 5.6% of frigid women had moderate hyperprolactinaemia (50 ng/ml), probably
      not responsible for the sexual disorder. Mean serum prolactin levels were
      slightly below normal values (p less than 0.05) in impotent subjects. The results
      of stimulation tests were normal in all but one case. The mean area under the TRH
      response curve was moderately reduced in subject with impotence or defective
      ejaculation (p less than 0,05). The present study suggests that serum prolactin
      levels should be systematically measured in subjects with sexual impotence.

PMID- 6818526
TI  - [Acid maltase deficiency with diaphragmatic paralysis and respiratory
      insufficiency in adults].

PMID- 6818527
TI  - In vitro suppression of a nonsense mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - When RNA isolated from the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
      negative mutant CyOnB was translated "in vitro" in the presence of yeast opal
      suppressor tRNA, a wild type size ADH protein was obtained in addition to the
      mutant gene product. This identifies the CyOnB mutant as an opal (UGA) nonsense
      mutant. From the molecular weight of the mutant protein, and from the known
      sequence of the ADH gene (Benyajati et al., Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 78, 2717
      2721, 1981), we conclude that the tryptophan codon UGG in position 234 has been
      changed into a UGA nonsense codon in the CyOnB mutant. Furthermore, we show that
      the UAA stop codon of the wild type ADH gene is resistant to suppression by a
      yeast ochre suppressor tRNA. This is in contrast to the high efficiency of
      suppression of the CyOnB UGA nonsense codon, despite an almost identical codon
      context.

PMID- 6818529
TI  - [In vitro and in vivo diagnosis of borderline hyperthyroidism].
AB  - The evaluation of "preclinical hyperthyroidism" includes laboratory and in vivo
      tests. The measurements of circulating total thyroxine (T4) and total
      triiodothyronine (T3) depend on the plasma concentration of thyroid hormone
      binding proteins. A simple approach, the calculation of the free T3 index (FT3I)
      and the augmented FT3I (aFT3I) from total T3 and T3-resin uptake corrects the
      total serum T3 for variation in thyroid hormone binding capacity. In a group of
      95 patients with border-line elevated T3 levels we have correlated the results of
      FT3I and aFT3I with clinical, biochemical and radioisotope findings. It was shown
      that in patients with moderate elevation of T3 the FT3I and aFT3I are capable of
      distinguishing clearly between the euthyroid and hyperthyroid range. To detect an
      imbalance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis either the T4-suppression
      test or the TRH-test could be used. In 60 patients with "preclinical
      hyperthyroidism" we have compared both of them. In 77% of the patients the T4
      suppression test and i.v. TRH-test provided concomitant results. In 13 patients
      without response to the i.v. TRH-test 7 showed a definite (more than 50%) and 6 a
      partial suppression (10-40%) of radioiodine uptake. This suggests that there is
      no sharp distinction between hyper- and euthyroidism.

PMID- 6818528
TI  - Precise localisation of three intra-RNA cross-links in 23S RNA and one in 5S RNA,
      induced by treatment of Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunits with bis-(2
      chloroethyl)-methylamine.
AB  - Treatment of E. coli 50S ribosomal subunits with low doses of bis-(2-chloroethyl)
      methylamine ("nitrogen mustard") leads to formation of a number of intra-RNA and
      RNA-protein cross-links. After partial digestion of the cross-linked subunits
      with cobra venom nuclease, followed by destruction of the protein moiety with
      proteinase K, complexes containing the intra-RNA cross-links were isolated by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. The individual complexes were subjected to
      oligonucleotide analysis, either directly or after a second partial digestion
      procedure using ribonuclease T1, and the cross-link sites determined. In 23S RNA,
      the cross-links found were between bases 763 and 1567, 1210 and 1236, 1482 and
      1501; in 5S RNA, base 69 was cross-linked to base 107. The significance of these
      cross-links in relation to the three-dimensional organization of the ribosomal
      RNA is discussed.

PMID- 6818530
TI  - [Clinical significance of free serum thyroxine--comparative studies with 5
      methods].
AB  - In order to check whether the serum free T4 as obtained with commercially
      available kits can substitute for total T4 measurements in the routine diagnosis
      of thyroid disorders, serum FT4 was simultaneously assayed using 5 different
      methods (Amerlex; GammaCoat; Immo-Phase; LiquiSol; T4/TBG) in 152 subjects. Overt
      hyper- and hypothyroidism were readily distinguished from euthyroidism with each
      method. Discrepant FT4 results, however, were obtained with these assays in
      clinically euthyroid subjects exhibiting various extrathyroidal disorders (TBG
      deficiency or -excess, late pregnancy, serious illness, T4 administration). Since
      it is as yet impossible to decide which of the commercial kits will yield
      methodologically and physiologically reliable results, a substitution of total T4
      measurements by FT4 cannot yet be recommended in the laboratory diagnosis of
      thyroid disease.

PMID- 6818531
TI  - [Diagnostic value of FT4 concentration and T4/TBG radio--better discrimination
      with FT4 in marked TBG anomalies].
AB  - In 211 consecutive patients T4/TBG ratio correlated well with direct FT4
      determination over a wide range of TBG concentration. However, there was a
      tendency to decreasing T4/TBG ratios with an increase of TBG concentration, which
      in consequence did lead to false results in three patients with very high TBG
      concentrations. Direct FT4 determination, which is not influenced by the binding
      protein levels, therefore is superior to T4/TBG ratio in patients with very low
      or high TBG concentrations.

PMID- 6818532
TI  - [Weight loss in patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 6818533
TI  - New bacterial vaccines.

PMID- 6818534
TI  - Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia.

PMID- 6818535
TI  - Separation of amniotic fluid cell types in primary culture by Percoll density
      gradient centrifugation.
AB  - Amniotic fluid cells obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis at 15-17 weeks of
      gestation and cultured for 15 and 21 days were separated into three fractions by
      density gradient centrifugation in Percoll. Each fraction (or peak) corresponded
      to the following densities: peak A, 1.02-1.03 g/ml; peak B, 1.04-1.05; peak C,
      1.05-1.06. Peak A was composed of both non-viable and viable cells; the latter
      adopted the morphology of epithelial cells in culture. Peak B contained a mixture
      of fibroblasts and epithelioid cells and peak C had only epithelioid cells. The
      variability of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase activities
      was reduced in peaks B and C as compared to that of peak A and of unseparated
      cells suggesting that more defined and homogeneous cell types for enzymatic
      determinations can be obtained by centrifugation in Percoll density gradient. In
      prenatal diagnosis of biochemical defects, the separation of cells would permit a
      more precise diagnosis by eliminating enzyme variability due to the presence of
      different cell types or non-viable cells.

PMID- 6818536
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a heterozygote for mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (beta
      glucuronidase deficiency).
AB  - We had the opportunity of investigating a case (BK) of a severe form of
      mucopolysaccharidosis with nearly total deficiency of beta-glucuronidase in
      serum, leucocytes and fibroblasts. We here report results obtained by prenatal
      diagnosis of a clinically normal child (BK's sister), and point out the
      difficulty in interpreting a heterozygous level of beta-glucuronidase activity in
      cultured amniotic cells. Four successive passages of amniotic cells were tested
      for beta-glucuronidase and alpha-mannosidase activity in at-risk and control
      cells. In different passages, enzyme activity was between 8 and 49 per cent of
      controls but 2 to 18 times higher than fibroblasts from the affected brother
      (BK). The highest activity was observed in the first passage and the lowest in
      the third. The electrophoretic separation of GAGS from at-risk amniotic fluid
      showed a normal pattern. We discuss the correlation between enzyme levels in
      different passages of cultured cells and that found in leucocytes and fibroblasts
      from the propositus and parents. From a practical point of view, we conclude that
      the first passage gives the most reliable results for prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6818537
TI  - [Optimal follow-ups of colon surgery].

PMID- 6818538
TI  - [Diagnosis of triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - The effectiveness and safety of different methods of radioimmunoassay to
      determine the thyroid function were studied in 298 patients: 172 with nodose
      toxic goiter and 116 with nodose euthyroid goiter. A "warm", "hot", "cold" and
      "autonomic" nodes, respectively, prevailed in nodose goiter, on skanning. Free
      triiodothyronine index and elevated serum triiodothyronine index (EST3I) were
      calculated to determine the effect of thyroxin-binding ability of globulin on the
      total triiodothyronine level. Three types of thyrotoxicosis (T3/4-, T3- and T4
      thyrotoxicosis) were found as a result of using complex methods to record the
      tests, showing a functional state of the hypophyseal-thyroid system. A high
      informativeness of the main thyroid tests was detected, i.e. determination of the
      total thyroxin, serum triiodothyronine and thyroxin efficiency coefficient. EST3I
      has the most diagnostic significance, being especially valuable in T3
      thyrotoxicosis detection.

PMID- 6818539
TI  - [Modification of the neutrophil damage index test in diagnosing tuberculosis in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 6818540
TI  - Protein D1 preferentially binds A + T-rich DNA in vitro and is a component of
      Drosophila melanogaster nucleosomes containing A + T-rich satellite DNA.
AB  - Our previous work [Levinger, L. & Varshavsky, A. (1982) Cell 28, 375-385] has
      shown that D1, a 50-kilodalton chromosomal protein of Drosophila melanogaster, is
      specifically associated with isolated nucleosomes that contain a complex A + T
      rich satellite DNA with buoyant density of 1.688 g/ml. We show here that D1 is
      also a component of nucleosomes containing a simple-sequence, pure A + T
      satellite DNA, buoyant density 1.672 g/ml. Furthermore, using a modification of a
      protein blotting technique in which proteins are not exposed to dodecyl sulfate
      denaturation, we have found that D1 preferentially binds to A + T-rich double
      stranded DNA in vitro, and it is apparently the only abundant nuclear protein in
      cultured D. melanogaster cells that possesses this property. Synthetic poly[d(A
      T)].poly[d(A-T)] and poly(dA).poly(dT) duplexes effectively compete in vitro with
      A + T-rich D. melanogaster satellite DNAs for binding to D1, whereas total
      Escherichia coli DNA is an extremely poor competitor. These findings strongly
      suggest that D1 is a specific component of A + T-rich, tandemly repeated,
      heterochromatic regions, which constitute up to 15-20% of the total D.
      melanogaster genome. Possible functions of D1 protein include compaction of A + T
      rich heterochromatin and participation in microtubule-centromere interactions in
      mitosis. In addition, D1 may prevent nonspecific binding to A + T-rich satellite
      DNA of other nuclear proteins that have a preference for AT-DNA, such as RNA
      polymerase or regulatory proteins, and may also participate in the higher-order
      chromatin organization outside tandemly repetitive regions by binding to
      nonrandomly positioned stretches of A + T-rich DNA.

PMID- 6818541
TI  - Thiol-beta-lactamase: replacement of the active-site serine of RTEM beta
      lactamase by a cysteine residue.
AB  - We describe a procedure by which the codon (AGC) for the active-site serine-70 of
      pBR322 beta-lactamase (penicillinase, penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC
      3.5.2.6) is altered to that for cysteine (TGC). The pertinent nucleotide bases, A
      G-C-A, positions 410-413, of pBR322 are excised by treating a limited HgiAI
      digest of pBR322 with the 3' leads to 5' exonuclease of T4 DNA polymerase. The
      new sequence, T-G-C-A, is inserted in two steps. First, the Kpn I molecular
      linker d(T-G-G-T-A-C-C-A) is ligated into the gap described above. The internal
      sequence G-T-A-C is then excised enzymatically with Kpn I and T4 DNA polymerase
      and the molecule is recircularized. This mutant gene, which codes for a thiol
      beta-lactamase, confers on Escherichia coli K-12 hosts an ampicillin resistance
      that is reduced compared with that given by pBR322 yet is greater than that of E.
      coli lacking any intact beta-lactamase gene. Cell-free extracts of E. coli
      strains hosting the thiol-beta-lactamase gene possess a p-chloromercuribenzoate
      sensitive beta-lactamase activity.

PMID- 6818542
TI  - Purification and characterization of a highly purified human factor VIII
      consisting of a single type of polypeptide chain.
AB  - Human factor VIII was purified 350,000-fold (relative to plasma) from a
      commercial factor VIII concentrate. The procedure used standard protein
      separation techniques and was performed in the absence of protease inhibitors.
      The product has a specific activity of 4,900 units/mg, an activity-to-antigen
      ratio of 75:1 (unit/unit) and no more than 0.1% von Willebrand protein.
      Electrophoresis of the reduced protein in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel showed
      a single major band of Mr 100,000. Procoagulant activity was eluted from a
      nondenaturing gel after electrophoresis in the region of the single major band.
      Thrombin converted the Mr 100,000 polypeptide to a polypeptide of Mr 75,000. The
      procoagulant activity was increased 10-fold by thrombin or factor Xa and was
      completely inhibited by activated protein C or factor VIII inhibitor plasma. This
      factor VIII preparation consists of a single high molecular weight polypeptide
      chain and has the highest specific activity thus far reported for human factor
      VIII.

PMID- 6818543
TI  - Highly polymorphic DNA site D14S1 maps to the region of Burkitt lymphoma
      translocation and is closely linked to the heavy chain gamma 1 immunoglobulin
      locus.
AB  - Using a phage lambda Charon 4A recombinant DNA clone (lambdaCH4A-rHs18) from a
      human genomic library, Wyman and White detected a multiallelic common
      polymorphism at an EcoRI site (D14S1) flanking the DNA region homologous to the
      probe [Wyman, A. R. & White, R. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 6754-6758].
      Subsequent studies, carried out with the cell hybrid approach and the use of a
      subclonal derivative (pAW101) from lambdaCH4A-rHs18 have assigned this locus to
      autosome 14 between 14q21 and 14qter [De Martinville, B., Wyman, A. R., White, R.
      & Franke, U. (1982) Am. J. Hum. Gen. 34, 216-226]. The data presented here permit
      the precise mapping of this locus to the subtelomeric region of autosome 14,
      below band 14q32, in close proximity to the heavy chain gamma1 immunoglobulin
      locus. These conclusions are supported by three independent lines of evidence,
      including studies on gene dosage, somatic cell hybrids, and pedigree analysis.
      Our results are in agreement with the recent assignment of the heavy chain gamma1
      immunoglobulin locus to band 14q32 [Kirsch, I. R., Morton, C. C., Nakahara, K. &
      Leder, P. (1982) Science 216, 301-303] and are consistent with the generally held
      contention that one unit of meiotic recombination corresponds approximately to
      one million base pairs. It is to be expected that the location of the highly
      polymorphic D14S1 site at a measurable distance from the cluster of the heavy
      chain genes will provide new opportunities for a genetic approach to the question
      of the specific gene order within the cluster, its possible individual variation,
      and its biological significance in normal development and disease. It is
      worthwhile to point out that such a highly polymorphic DNA sequence is located in
      the same chromosomal region where so much somatic rearrangement goes on normally
      (i.e., switch region between classes of heavy chain constant region genes) and
      which is involved with de novo translocations associated with malignancies.

PMID- 6818544
TI  - Structural genes on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Testis proteins of Drosophila melanogaster deficient for six different Y
      chromosome regions were fractionated by means of a sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel system designed to separate high molecular weight
      polypeptides (Mr, greater than 200,000). Analysis of the banding patterns
      indicates that the three regions containing fertility genes kl-2, kl-3, and kl-5
      are responsible for three different high molecular weight polypeptides. Several
      observations indicate that these polypeptides are structural components of the
      sperm axoneme. They are present in seminal vesicles, which are highly enriched
      for mature sperm. They are first detected during development at a time when the
      first spermatids are elongating. Finally, deletion of either kl-5 or kl-3 leads
      to the absence of the outer dynein arm of the peripheral doublets of the axoneme.
      Although absence of the kl-2 region eliminates the third polypeptide, an
      associated structural defect in the axoneme has yet to be identified. The three
      polypeptides are in the Mr 300,000-350,000 range, and their mobilities are
      similar to those of dynein polypeptides from Chlamydomonas axonemes. Experiments
      using dosage variation and a temperature-sensitive sterile mutation in kl-5
      suggest that the Y-chromosome regions contain the coding sequences for the
      polypeptides.

PMID- 6818546
TI  - Tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces a clastogenic factor in
      human lymphocytes.
AB  - The mechanism of the clastogenic action--i.e., the ability to induce chromosomal
      aberrations--of the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was
      investigated. PMA at 10 and 100 ng/ml induced the formation of a low molecular
      weight (less than 10,000) clastogenic factor (CF) in phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated human blood and lymphocyte cultures. Bovine erythrocyte Cu-Zn
      superoxide dismutase strongly inhibited PMA clastogenicity, both the formation of
      CF and the action of previously formed CF. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents indomethacin, imidazol, and 5,8,11,14-icosatetraynoic acid inhibited PMA
      clastogenicity and the clastogenic activity of previously formed CF. These
      results suggest that superoxide radicals and stimulation of the arachidonic acid
      cascade play a role in PMA-induced clastogenicity and the mechanism of action of
      the CF. The CF may relate the initial interaction of PMA with the cell membrane
      to the genome.

PMID- 6818545
TI  - Isolation of distinct cDNA clones encoding HLA-DR beta chains by use of an
      expression assay.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding different human Ia antigen beta chains were isolated by use
      of a complementation-expression assay in Xenopus oocytes. The assay was based on
      two previous findings. First, oocytes injected with mRNA from a human B-cell line
      express HLA-DR antigen. The three intracellular DR chains are assembled in
      oocytes and can be immunoprecipitated with anti-DR monoclonal antibodies. Second,
      we have isolated cDNA clones encoding DR alpha and intermediate chains. In order
      to identify beta-chain cDNA clones, mRNA was hybrid-selected with pools of cDNA
      clones, mixed with mRNA for the alpha and intermediate chains, and injected into
      oocytes. We isolated two distinct clones that could select DR beta-chain mRNA as
      demonstrated by assembly of the translation product with DR alpha chains and
      immunoprecipitation with DR-specific monoclonal antibodies. One clone is specific
      for a beta chain of the DR locus. The other clone, much weaker in its ability to
      select DR mRNA, encodes another Ia-like beta chain. Full-length cDNA clones
      corresponding to the DR and Ia-like beta chains were isolated and compared. Cross
      hybridization was detectable in the coding regions but not in the 3' untranslated
      regions. Distinct RNAs homologous to the DR and the Ia-like beta-chain clones
      were present in B cells but were undetectable in three T-cell lines.

PMID- 6818547
TI  - Detection and transmission in chimpanzees of hepatitis B virus-related agents
      formerly designated "non-A, non-B" hepatitis.
AB  - Four chimpanzees have been infected with three different inocula containing "non
      A, non-B" hepatitis virus(es). After inoculation, serial studies established the
      presence of antigenemia or viremia (or both) by radioimmunoassay with high
      affinity monoclonal antibodies directed toward separate and distinct determinants
      on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and by molecular hybridization analysis
      using a cloned hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA probe. In contrast to results observed
      during HBV infection, elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase values
      indicate that liver injury preceded antigenemia by several weeks. Thus, the time
      between inoculation and development of antigenemia (incubation period) varied
      from 64 to 190 days and, in some cases, single or multiple episodes of
      antigenemia or viremia occurred in the absence of elevated aminotransferase
      levels. In this study, two chimpanzees were high-titer positive for antibodies to
      HBsAg (anti-HBs) from previous infection with HBV, suggesting that the antigenic
      composition of HBV-related virus(es) is substantially different from that of HBV,
      since naturally occurring anti-HBs antibodies were not protective. Demonstration
      of HBV-related virus(es) by the methods used in this study of experimental
      hepatitis infection in chimpanzees should now permit detection, isolation, and
      characterization of these previously elusive agents.

PMID- 6818548
TI  - Receptor-mediated endocytosis of insulin: role of microvilli, coated pits, and
      coated vesicles.
AB  - When 125I-labeled insulin (125I-insulin) is incubated with 3T3-L1 adipocytes and
      cells processed for electron microscopic autoradiography, the ligand initially
      localizes preferentially to microvilli and coated pits. As a function of time and
      temperature, this initial preferential localization to microvilli is lost, and
      the ligand is internalized by the cell. Serial sections of apparent coated
      vesicles near the cell surface indicate that about half of these structures are
      true vesicles and, therefore, intermediates in this receptor-mediated endocytotic
      process. With time, 125I-insulin localizes to larger intracellular membrane
      bounded structures. When cells are incubated with another ligand, cationic
      ferritin, that is taken up by adsorptive endocytosis, essentially the same
      structures are involved as for the endocytosis of 125I-insulin. The data suggest
      that specificity for receptor-mediated endocytosis is conferred by the specific
      ligand receptor and possibly by ligand-induced receptor mobility in the plane of
      the plasma membrane. Other structures such as coated pits, coated vesicles,
      larger vesicles, and secondary lysosomes are common for different ligands.

PMID- 6818549
TI  - Cytotype polymorphism of the P-M system in two wild populations of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster the interactions of the P-M system generate germ-line
      aberrations (e.g., sterility, mutations) found in certain interstrain hybrids.
      Two wild populations, from France and Tunisia, were examined in order to
      determine the distribution of the chromosomal P factor and the extrachromosomal
      cytotypes. No P factors active for potential GD sterility were found in these
      populations. But search for the M cytotype, which causes susceptibility to the P
      factors, and for the P cytotype, which causes resistance to the P factors, showed
      that both populations are polymorphic for the cytotypes. Such a polymorphism
      seems to be stable in the wild, at least over a 2-year period. Mutator activity
      (measured by generated mutations at the sn and ras loci) was found to be present.
      Some possible interactions between cytotype polymorphism, mutator activity, and
      the structure of Drosophila populations are discussed.

PMID- 6818550
TI  - Chromosomal localization of human leukocyte, fibroblast, and immune interferon
      genes by means of in situ hybridization.
AB  - Recombinant plasmids containing cDNA inserts from human leukocyte interferon (IFN
      alpha), fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), or immune interferon (INF-gamma) genes
      were radiolabeled and hybridized in situ to human metaphase chromosome
      preparations. The results localized the human IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes to the
      short arm of chromosome 9(p21-->pter) and localized the IFN-gamma gene to the
      long arm of chromosome 12(q24.1).

PMID- 6818551
TI  - Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in
      human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells.
AB  - The consistent appearance of specific chromosomal translocations in human Burkitt
      lymphomas and murine plasmacytomas has suggested that these translocations might
      play a role in malignant transformation. Here we show that transformation of
      these cells is frequently accompanied by the somatic rearrangement of a cellular
      analogue of an avian retrovirus transforming gene, c-myc. Moreover, we map c-myc
      to human chromosome 8 band q24, the chromosomal segment involved in the
      reciprocal Burkitt translocations [t(8;14), t(8;22) and t(2;8)]. In two t(8;14)
      human Burkitt cell lines, c-myc appears to have been translocated directly into a
      DNA restriction fragment that also encodes the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. In
      the case of a specific cloned fragment of DNA derived from a mouse plasmacytoma,
      we demonstrate directly that c-myc has been translocated into the immunoglobulin
      alpha switch region. Our data provide a molecular basis for considering the role
      that specific translocations might play in malignant transformation.

PMID- 6818552
TI  - Anti-idiotypes against anti-H-2 monoclonal antibodies: structural analysis of the
      molecules induced by in vivo anti-idiotype treatment.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that treatment of mice in vivo with xenogeneic anti
      idiotype produced against a monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibody, 11-4.1, leads to the
      induction of molecules (Id') that inhibit the binding of anti-idiotype to
      idiotype. To investigate the nature of these Id' molecules, spleens from such
      anti-idiotype-treated mice were fused with the SP2/0 myeloma to produce
      monoclonal Id' antibodies. All four monoclonal Id' antibodies were found to react
      with goat and rabbit anti-11-4.1 in addition to the pig anti-idiotype used for
      their induction and one of the four, J1-8-1, reacted with syngeneic BALB/c anti
      11-4.1. Partial amino acid sequences were determined for the heavy and light
      chains of these monoclonal antibodies. J1-8-1 heavy chain had an NH2-terminal
      amino acid sequence identical to that of 11-4.1 for the 39 NH2-terminal residues
      assigned, whereas its light chain and the heavy and light chains of the other Id'
      molecules differed markedly from those of the 11-4.1 antibody. Isolated heavy
      chains and light chains of J1-8-1 and 11-4.1 were reassociated in homologous and
      heterologous pairs. When J1-8-1 heavy chains and 11-4.1 light chains were mixed
      in equimolar concentrations, anti-H-2Kk reactivity was found at a level
      approximately 10% of that observed for reassociated 11-4.1 homologous heavy and
      light chains. The finding that in vivo anti-idiotype treatment can trigger Id'
      molecules structurally similar to the original idiotype has implications
      regarding the mechanism of induction of Id' molecules and the regulation of
      repertoire expression by idiotypic networks.

PMID- 6818553
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of mouse immunoglobulin epsilon chain cDNA.
AB  - cDNA corresponding to mouse IgE heavy (epsilon) chain mRNA was cloned from mouse
      IgE-secreting hybridoma cells. A clone containing the epsilon cDNA insert was
      identified by hybridization to epsilon mRNA and subsequent translation in vitro
      to unprocessed epsilon chain reactive with anti-mouse IgE antibodies. This clone
      was used to select 20 other epsilon cDNA clones by colony hybridization. The
      clone containing the longest insert was selected and the epsilon cDNA insert was
      subjected to sequence analysis. The determined sequence is 1,279 nucleotides long
      and contains the coding regions for part of the constant region (C epsilon) I and
      all of the C epsilon 2, C epsilon 3, and C epsilon 4 domains and also the entire
      3' untranslated region of epsilon mRNA. When the amino acid sequence determined
      from the nucleotide sequence is compared to that of human epsilon chain,
      significant homologies between corresponding domains of the two epsilon chains
      are found, including conservations in cysteine and tryptophan residues and
      carbohydrate attachment sites.

PMID- 6818554
TI  - Human T cell hybridomas secreting immune interferon.
AB  - Human T-cell hybridomas were established by hybridization of concanavalin A
      stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes with a 6-thioguanine-resistant
      mutant cell line, designated SH9, derived by irradiation from a cloned human
      cutaneous T lymphoma line, Hut102-B2. High levels of interferon (IFN) were
      demonstrated in the supernatants of hybridoma L265 and its subclones. Whereas no
      IFN was detected in SH9 cell cultures, up to 1,330 units of IFN per ml were
      produced spontaneously by the hybrids. On induction with 12-omicron
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, IFN synthesis in hybridoma cultures was enhanced
      8- to 16-fold. Neutralization with specific antisera and determination of
      antiviral activities in human and bovine cells showed that the IFN secreted by
      the hybridomas was immune IFN (IFN-gamma). Analysis of DNA content, karyotype,
      and cell surface phenotype, including T cell specific antigens and receptors,
      confirmed the T cell hybrid nature of L265 clones. No correlation was found in
      the hybridomas between IFN production and the expression of HTLV, a retrovirus
      released by Hut102-B2 and SH9 cells.

PMID- 6818555
TI  - Regulated expression of an immunoglobulin kappa gene introduced into a mouse
      lymphoid cell line.
AB  - We have introduced a functionally rearranged murine kappa light chain
      immunoglobulin (Ig) gene into an Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed
      lymphoid cell line. Plasmid pSV2gpt-kappa 41, containing the kappa light chain
      gene from the myeloma MOPC41 and the selectable marker gene gpt, was introduced
      into 81A-2 cells by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique. Cells
      expressing the gpt gene were selected by growth in medium containing mycophenolic
      acid. One transfected cell line, kappa-2, was shown to make kappa mRNA and
      polypeptide chains and to assemble the kappa chain product with gamma 2b heavy
      chains to form an apparently complete IgG2b. When bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      was added to the growth medium, levels of kappa mRNA and polypeptide increased,
      showing regulated expression of the introduced kappa gene.

PMID- 6818556
TI  - Genetic and biochemical analysis of gonococcal IgA1 protease: cloning in
      Escherichia coli and construction of mutants of gonococci that fail to produce
      the activity.
AB  - The biological significance of bacterial extracellular proteases that
      specifically cleave human IgA1 is unknown. We have prepared a gene bank of
      gonococcal chromosomal DNA in Escherichia coli K-12 using a cosmid cloning
      system. Among these clones, we have identified and characterized an E. coli
      strain that elaborates an extracellular endopeptidase that is indistinguishable
      from gonococcal IgA1 protease in its substrate specificity and action on human
      IgA1. Analysis of recombinant plasmids and examination of plasmid-specific
      peptides in minicells have shown that the IgA1 protease activity in E. coli is
      associated with expression of a Mr 140,000 peptide. We have isolated IgA1
      protease-deficient mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by reintroduction of
      physically defined deletions of the cloned gene into the gonococcal chromosome by
      transformation.

PMID- 6818557
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against the Drosophila nervous system.
AB  - A panel of 148 monoclonal antibodies directed against Drosophila neural antigens
      has been prepared by using mice immunized with homogenates of Drosophila tissue.
      Antibodies were screened immunohistochemically on cryostat sections of fly heads.
      A large diversity of staining patterns was observed. Some antigens were broadly
      distributed among tissues; others were highly specific to nerve fibers, neuropil,
      muscle, the tracheal system, cell nuclei, photoreceptors, or other structures.
      The antigens for many of the antibodies have been identified on immunoblots.
      Monoclonal antibodies that identify specific molecules within the nervous system
      should prove useful in the study of the molecular genetics of neural development.

PMID- 6818558
TI  - Gaucher disease: a membranous enzymopathy.
AB  - Inhibitors and activators of acid beta-glucosidase activity were used as probes
      to characterize the components of the active site of the membrane bound enzyme,
      acid beta-glucosidase. Three components of the active site were defined: (1) a
      catalytic site, (2) an aglycon binding site, and (3) a hydrophobic binding site
      (Fig. 5A). Similar studies on the residual acid beta-glucosidase in homozygotes
      with Type 1 Ashkenazi Gaucher disease suggested that this enzyme's hydrophobic
      site was more hydrophilic than that of the normal enzyme. The defect in this
      membranous enzymopathy could have resulted from a single base substitution in the
      structural gene leading to the insertion of a more hydrophilic amino acid in the
      hydrophobic domain of the gene product. Alternatively, a base substitution which
      altered the conformation of the enzyme could render the hydrophobic site more
      hydrophilic. The following consequences of such a mutation would be expected. The
      mutation would not affect substrate binding to the catalytic site, since the
      formation of the enzyme-substrate complex (ie, the Km) would not be altered. If
      the HS site became more hydrophilic, its efficiency for removing the product
      would be reduced, resulting in a lower substrate turnover (ie, a "Vmax
      mutation"). Consequently, the binding of glucosyl psychosine, taurocholate, and
      phosphatidyl serine to the hydrophobic site would be less efficient, resulting in
      a greater alpha Ki value. Finally, the binding of taurocholate to the HS would be
      reduced, and this lipid's enhancement of acid beta-glucosidase inhibition by OBG
      also would be decreased. Since these results are based on kinetic data,
      confirmation of the hypothesis will require the preparation of homogenous beta
      glucosidase from normal and Type 1 Ashkenazi Gaucher sources for amino acid
      sequencing of the peptides containing the catalytic site as well as the other
      components of the active site. Such peptides might be identified by their ability
      to bind radiolabeled inhibitors and/or activating compounds.

PMID- 6818559
TI  - Calmodulin and the red cell membrane.

PMID- 6818560
TI  - Cytoskeleton-membrane defects in human primary immunodeficiency diseases.

PMID- 6818561
TI  - Release of different prostaglandins from vascular tissue by different
      stimulators.
AB  - The prelabelling technique (incorporation of (1-14C)-arachidonic acid) was used
      to investigate the influence of bradykinin, the divalent cation ionophore A
      23187, acetylcholine and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on release and metabolism of
      arachidonic acid (AA) in peripheral vessels. Bradykinin stimulated the release of
      PGI2 and PGE2, both to the same extent. The main metabolite released by A 23187
      was PGE2 which far exceeded the release of PGI2. PGD2 was released to the same
      degree as PGI2. Stimulation by acetylcholine released mainly PGI2. In contrast,
      the main metabolite of AA released by PLA2 was PGE2. Although the substances used
      were injected i.a. into the same tissue (isolated perfused rabbit ear) they
      produced a different pattern of PG release. The underlying reason may be
      different "microkinetics" of the substances due to a different lipophilia or
      different resistance to metabolizing enzymes. Thus, several cell types may have
      been reached which have different components of the various enzymes of the PG
      biosynthesis system.

PMID- 6818562
TI  - Control of endometrial prostaglandin output in vitro during the estrous cycle of
      the guinea-pig: influence of estradiol 17-beta, progesterone, oxytocin and
      calcium ionophore A23187.
AB  - Agents influencing the output of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) from non
      pregnant endometrium were investigated by in vitro incubation, for 5 and 19h,
      using mid-cycle (day 7), end of cycle (day 15), or ovariectomised guinea-pigs.
      Estradiol 17-beta (10 micrograms/ml) stimulated PGF2 alpha output 24h after
      incubation with endometrium (p less than 0.05). This stimulation was greater at
      mid-cycle. Progesterone (50 ng/ml) inhibited output of PGF2 alpha (p less than
      0.05) in mid-cycle, end of cycle and ovariectomised guinea-pig cultures. Oxytocin
      (1 X 10(-5) u/ml) stimulated the output of PGF2 alpha at the end of the cycle,
      but not at mid-cycle. However, in the presence of estradiol 17-beta (10
      micrograms/ml), oxytocin stimulation of mid-cycle PGF2 alpha output was observed.
      The calcium ionophore A23187 (5 micrograms/ml) stimulated PGF2 alpha synthesis
      from mid-cycle and end-of-cycle endometrium, and this stimulation resembled that
      caused by arachidonic acid (100 micrograms/ml), suggesting an action via
      substrate mobilisation. Co-culture of endometrium and myometrium did not
      influence endometrial PGF2 alpha or myometrial 6-oxo-PGF2 output. It is suggested
      that the steroid hormones act as coarse modulators of endometrial PGF2 alpha
      output, but more rapid changes may be achieved by oxytocin and agents that
      mobilise substrate supply, possibly via calcium ion fluctuations.

PMID- 6818563
TI  - A comparative study on the effect of cis (oleic, linoleic) and trans (elaidic,
      linoelaidic) fatty acids on the in vitro prostaglandin biosynthesis in human
      blood platelets from (1-14C) arachidonic acid.
AB  - Dietary fatty acids affect the synthesis and thus ultimate availability of
      prostaglandin precursors. During processing of edible fats a significant portion
      of the naturally occurring cis fatty acids is changed to the respective trans
      isomers. Trans fatty acids could have a wide variety of effects including their
      effect on prostaglandin synthesis. A comparative study on the effect of cis
      (oleic and linoleic) fatty acids and their corresponding trans isomers (elaidic
      and linoelaidic acids) on the in vitro prostaglandin biosynthesis in human blood
      platelets was made. Linoleic acid (0.5, 1.0 mM) showed the same effect on the
      various arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites as reported earlier by us, that is,
      increased generation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes and reduced amounts of
      HHT and HETE (26). Linoelaidic acid at these two concentrations had the same
      effect but to a lesser extent. Both linoleic and linoelaidic acids at 0.25 mM
      concentration reduced TxB2 formation. Oleic and elaidic acids (0.5, 1.0 mM)
      decreased the formation of TxB2 though not significantly. With oleic acid, the
      results in respect of other AA metabolites were similar to those reported by us
      earlier (26). MDA was reduced significantly in the presence of linoleic,
      linoelaidic and oleic acids; cis isomers being more effective. In the presence of
      linoleic and linoelaidic acids, prostaglandin endoperoxides were reduced
      significantly; there was no change in the presence of oleic and elaidic acids.
      Thus fatty acids seem to affect the platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity; this being
      more pronounced in the case of cis fatty acids compared to their trans isomers.
      Reduction in cyclo-oxygenase activity also depends upon the number of double
      bonds in the acids.

PMID- 6818564
TI  - PGI2-generation and antithrombotic activity of orally administered defibrotide.

PMID- 6818565
TI  - Cholinergic muscarinic effects on insulin release in mice.
AB  - Insulin secretion and blood glucose homeostasis were studied in mice following
      administration of cholinergic agonists, antagonists and other possible modifiers
      of cholinergic insulin secretory mechanisms. It was observed that administration
      to mice of the cholinergic agonists acetylcholine, carbachol and pilocarpine
      resulted in an increase in plasma immuno-reactive insulin levels accompanied by a
      significant fall in blood glucose levels. Nicotine had no effect. Carbachol was
      found to enhance insulin release in a dose-dependent manner. Muscarinic blockade
      by atropine or methylatropine totally suppressed carbachol-induced insulin
      secretion. No blocking effect was accomplished by beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
      Glucose-induced insulin secretion was not affected by atropine in normal non
      fasted mice. In mice fasted for 24 h, however, the insulin response to glucose
      was impaired by atropine suggesting that the nutritional state is important for
      cholinergic modulation of glucose-induced insulin response. Pretreatment of
      animals with the glycogenolytic hydrolase, acid amyloglucosidase, enhanced
      tolbutamide-induced insulin release but did not influence insulin secretion
      stimulated by carbachol. Pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor,
      pargyline, plus L-dopa, leading to an intracellular accumulation of dopamine in
      the insulin cells, totally suppressed carbachol-induced insulin release. It is
      suggested that, in mice, cholinergic stimulation promotes insulin secretion
      through activation of muscarinic receptors on the insulin cell. Blockade of these
      receptors does not influence glucose-stimulated insulin release in the non
      fasting state, but may impair the insulin response to glucose after fasting.
      Cholinergic stimulation of insulin release is inhibited after L-dopa-induced
      accumulation of dopamine in the insulin cells. In contrast to tolbutamide-induced
      insulin release cholinergic insulin release is not dependent on acid
      amyloglucosidase activity.

PMID- 6818566
TI  - New data concerning the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the exercise performance
      in rats.
AB  - An injection of 250 micrograms 6-OHDA into the right cerebral ventricle of adult
      rats tested after 45 days led to a reduction of the run performance on the
      treadmill compared with the control group, but only in the first period of this
      test, repeated 10-11 times, every 2-3 days. This behavior was more obvious in
      male and in exercise-enduring rats. The histological examination proved partial
      destruction of central monoaminergic (especially dopaminergic) structures in the
      6-OHDA treated rats. 24-48 hours after peripheral injections of 6-OHDA (100 mg/kg
      b. w.) a considerable reduction of the run and swim performance (acute exercise
      till exhaustion) occurred. Falck's histofluorescence method proved large
      destructions of the noradrenergic innervation in the iris; 6-OHDA injected i.p.
      into neonatal rats had similar effects.

PMID- 6818567
TI  - The synergism and antagonism of cations.
AB  - The excess of the potassium, magnesium or hydrogen ions, as well as the
      diminution of the sodium ions concentration in the perfusion fluid can block the
      electrical and mechanical activities of the isolated heart of frog. These effects
      can be eliminated by a concomitant increase in the concentration of the calcium,
      sodium, or hydroxyl ions. The above-mentioned results suggest the existence of
      two types of ionic constellations, which are antagonistic: one formed from
      magnesium and potassium ions and functioning in a medium with an acid pH, and
      another one formed from calcium and sodium ions and functioning in an alkaline
      medium.

PMID- 6818568
TI  - [A simple, automatic and sensitive installation for determination of vasopressin
      in the rat].

PMID- 6818569
TI  - Behavioural modifications and ultrastructural changes of the neurohypophysis
      induced by flupenthixol treatment in rats.

PMID- 6818570
TI  - [Changes in the repolarization process: electrocardiographic and
      vectorcardiographic aspects].

PMID- 6818571
TI  - [Hormonal and electrolytic changes of the blood caused by exposure to altitudes
      of 2200 and 4000 m in the pressure chamber].

PMID- 6818572
TI  - [The evolutive patterns of active chronic hepatitis and their immunological
      basis].

PMID- 6818573
TI  - Creativity, instinctual fantasy and ideal images.

PMID- 6818574
TI  - Freud, Rieff, and the critique of American culture.

PMID- 6818575
TI  - Sadomasochism and developmental stages.

PMID- 6818576
TI  - Effects of chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine on schedule-controlled and schedule
      related behavior of rabbits.
AB  - A lever-lifting response by Dutch Belted and New Zealand White rabbits was
      maintained in water-deprived animals by 0.26% saccharin solution and in food
      deprived animals by food pellets under a multiple 3-min fixed-interval (FI) 30
      response fixed-ratio (FR) schedule. Rabbits responding for the saccharin solution
      had food freely available during the session and in the home cage, whereas those
      responding for pellets had water continuously available during the session as
      well as in the home cage. Under nondrug conditions the FR and FI schedules
      controlled different rates and patterns of responding in the rabbit that were
      characteristic of those found with other species. In addition, eating or drinking
      occurred during the initial portion of the FI under the saccharin solution and
      initial food presentation schedules, respectively. Doses of d-amphetamine (0.1-
      10.0 mg/kg) increased responding under the FI and FR schedules of food delivery,
      but increased only FI responding maintained by the saccharin solution. Doses of
      3.0--10.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine produced extremely high (300--800% of control)
      rates of stereotyped perseverative level responding. Schedule-related eating or
      drinking were unaffected or decreased at doses of d-amphetamine that increased
      schedule-controlled responding. Chlorpromazine (0.03--0.3 mg/kg) increased FI
      responding maintained both by saccharin and food, whereas FR responding generally
      was unaffected at these dose levels; eating but not drinking was increased with
      chlorpromazine. Since the behavioral effects of drugs such as amphetamine and
      chlorpromazine differ somewhat in the rabbit from those found with other
      typically studied nonhuman mammals, further studies with the rabbit may yield
      useful information for comparative behavioral pharmacology.

PMID- 6818577
TI  - Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on performance during differential
      reinforcement of low response rate.
AB  - The effects of three monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) on performance under a
      differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s schedule (DRL 72-s) for water
      reinforcement were determined. All three drugs (isocarboxazid, iproniazid,
      phenelzine) reduced response rate and increased reinforcement rate in rats
      performing under the DRL schedule. Drugs from other classes (alcohol,
      chlordiazepoxide, morphine, pentobarbital) did not produce similar effects. The
      ability of MAOI to increase reinforcement rate under a DRL 72-s schedule is
      similar to that recently reported for tricyclic antidepressants and the two
      atypical antidepressants mianserin and iprindole. These findings support the
      contention that the DRL schedule may be useful as a test for identifying new
      antidepressants and for elucidating the neurochemical effects of antidepressants
      that are responsible for their therapeutic actions.

PMID- 6818578
TI  - Asymmetrical effects of morphine and naloxone on reward mechanisms.

PMID- 6818579
TI  - The effect of prenatal exposure to diazepam on aspects of postnatal development
      and behavior in rats.
AB  - In the present study the effects of chronic treatment of pregnant rats with
      diazepam on the physical and behavioral development of their offspring were
      investigated. Rats that were diazepam-exposed prenatally were compared to age
      matched controls in terms of the following: number of littermates; birth weight
      and weight gain until weaning: motor development and coordination; simple motor
      learning; open field activity; performance on learning tasks of varying
      complexity; retention of these tasks. Nulliparous Wistar rats were injected s.c.
      for 16 days of their pregnancy was either 2.5, 5, of 10 mg/kg diazepam or an
      equal volume of vehicle. Prenatal diazepam treatment did not alter litter size,
      birth weight, or the righting reflex, but seemed to retard early motor
      development transiently. Diazepam pups showed longer latencies and less rearing
      in the open field. There were no differences between animals exposed to drug and
      vehicle in simple motor learning or in acquiring a simple successive
      discrimination task. However, there were significant dose-dependent differences
      on a complex six-choice simultaneous discrimination learning task, the diazepam
      exposed rats making more errors and taking more time to reach the goal. A
      significant difference was seen again between diazepam- and vehicle-exposed rats
      on the retention test 10 days later. The results indicate that diazepam
      administered to pregnant rats has long-range effects on the behavior of the
      offspring, some becoming manifest even in maturity.

PMID- 6818580
TI  - Development and loss of tolerance to morphine in the rat.
AB  - The development of a differential tolerance to morphine was investigated with
      respect to the mean effective dose, the threshold dose of tolerance, the degree
      of tolerance after a fixed dose, and the speed of tolerance loss. The mean
      effective doses, the threshold doses of tolerance, and the degree of tolerance
      differed considerably from effect to effect, whereas in all tests tolerance loss
      remained the same. The mean effective doses were not correlated to threshold
      doses of tolerance, degree of tolerance, or to the loss of tolerance, but a
      strong correlation exists between threshold doses of tolerance and degree of
      tolerance to all effects measured. Consequences of these results upon current
      theories of tolerance are discussed.

PMID- 6818581
TI  - Effect of caffeine on performances of a perceptual-restructuring task at
      different stages of practice.
AB  - Caffeine, a sympathomimetic drug which stimulates the adrenergic nervous system,
      was hypothesized to exert opposite effects upon performances of a perceptual
      restructuring task (the Embedded Figures Task) at different stages of practice.
      Specifically, caffeine was hypothesized to impair performances of perceptual
      restructuring tasks when the task is still novel in early trials; and to
      facilitate practice induced gains in task performance as the task becomes less
      novel. Sixty male undergraduates were studied. Each subject was tested on the
      Embedded Figures Task twice, in one of the following three sequences: caffeine
      placebo; placebo-caffeine; and placebo-placebo. Both hypotheses received
      statistically significant support.

PMID- 6818582
TI  - Involvement of a central dopaminergic system in 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
      induced turning behaviour in rats with lesions of the dorsal raphe nuclei.
AB  - The turning behaviour induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) has
      been investigated in rats with lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). 5
      MeODMT caused a dose-related contralateral turning in rats with 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) lesions of the substantia nigra and a similar
      effect was observed in DRN-lesioned rats. In contrast, a dose-related ipsilateral
      turning was observed when 5-MeODMT was injected into rats with 5,7-DHT lesions of
      the striatum. These results suggest that the effects of 5-MeODMT in DRN-Lesioned
      rats are mediated via the substantia nigra. The contralateral turning induced by
      5-MeODMT in rats with a 5,7-DHT lesion of the DRN was significantly reduced when
      a second 5-hydroxydopamine lesion was placed in the striatum, but not when it was
      placed in the nucleus accumbens. Thus the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system seems
      to be involved in 5-MeODMT-induced turning. The release of tritium from slices of
      substantia nigra previously labelled with [3H]-dopamine was inhibited by 5-MeODMT
      (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) and this effect was blocked by methysergide in a
      concentration-related manner. Tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M) failed to antagonise 5
      MeODMT. These results suggest that 5-MeODMT can inhibit dopamine release from
      nigral dendrites, which could in turn enhance nigrostriatal activity by reducing
      the auto-inhibitory actions of dopamine, thereby causing contralateral turning in
      DRN-lesioned rats.

PMID- 6818583
TI  - State-dependent learning in children receiving methylphenidate.
AB  - Methylphenidate state-dependent learning was investigated using a paired
      associate learning task of 16 pairs of pictures. Subjects were 15 children for
      whom methylphenidate was currently being prescribed. Each child was seen for two
      learning sessions and two testing sessions. Learning took place under placebo and
      under the child's regular dosage of methylphenidate. During retention testing all
      combinations of learning drug-state and testing drug-state were observed for each
      child. Data were analyzed using contrast variables which took into account the
      repeated-measures nature of the design. The results indicated that there was a
      trend in the direction of state-dependence in the whole sample. Significant
      symmetrical state-dependent effects were obtained in those subjects whose
      original learning was facilitated by methylphenidate.

PMID- 6818585
TI  - Alcohol and the cognitive aspects of choice reaction time.
AB  - In a repeated-measures experiment 18 men and 8 women were given ethanol which
      raised their mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0, 21, 50 and 73 mg/100
      ml. Using the ERM apparatus (Schuhfried Instruments, Austria), which measures
      choice reaction time to a task with high cognitive content, it was found that
      both decision and reaction time increased as a function of rising BAC, and that
      movement time was not affected.

PMID- 6818584
TI  - Prolactin stimulating effects of amoxapine and loxapine in psychiatric patients.
AB  - The effects of acute and chronic administration of a new antidepressant,
      amoxapine, on serum prolactin levels were compared to the effects of loxapine,
      its parent compound, which is a widely used neuroleptic. Serum prolactin levels
      were significantly elevated after amoxapine. These elevations were not
      significantly different from those of patients given loxapine. This suggests that
      amoxapine, in contrast to most other antidepressants, can block dopamine
      receptors at the anterior pituitary, which usually is associated with blockade of
      dopamine receptors in the striatum and limbic system, leading to extrapyramidal
      side effects and antipsychotic properties, respectively. The implications of
      these findings for the clinical use of amoxapine are discussed.

PMID- 6818586
TI  - Age-related differences in the effects of d-amphetamine and illumination on fixed
      interval responding of rats.
AB  - The effects of d-amphetamine (0.0, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg) on fixed-interval
      responding in light and dark sensory conditions were examined in rats that were
      25, 100, and 200-days-old at the beginning of the experiment. In the youngest and
      oldest groups, the drug increased responding in light more than in dark. The drug
      increased responding of the middle age group in the light, but decreased operant
      rates in the dark. These data appear to support the notion that d-amphetamine
      reduces the effects of ambient light on behavior in rats.

PMID- 6818587
TI  - A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study. Plasma concentration of fluphenazine and
      flupenthixol and relapse frequency.
AB  - A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients was
      carried out during 6 months. Depot neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or
      flupenthixol decanoate) were compared with placebo to evaluate clinical and
      neurological effects during continued therapy and during withdrawal. The drugs
      were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and
      rehospitalization. In the placebo group 62% relapsed compared to 27% in the drug
      group. There was a weak and nonsignificant tendency to a higher relapse frequency
      in the flupenthixol group compared to the fluphenazine group. After withdrawal
      for 6 months, plasma levels for fluphenazine were detectable. Plasma levels for
      flupenthixol were not detectable after 9 weeks of withdrawal. The differences in
      the plasma levels may possibly explain the difference in relapse rate between the
      two depot neuroleptics. Furthermore, it was found that the patients who relapsed
      during fluphenazine treatment had a significantly lower plasma level of the drug
      than patients who did not relapse during treatment. The results from this study
      provide some information on the therapeutic levels of fluphenazine and
      flupenthixol in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 6818589
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of lithium in therapeutically relevant concentrations
      on potassium uptake into astrocytes.
AB  - Potassium uptake into astrocytes in primary cultures was measured by the aid of
      42K. Acute application of lithium in concentrations of 1 and 5 mM, but not 0.5
      und 0.25 mM, exerted a significant inhibition of the potassium uptake rates. This
      effect is due to a partial impairment of the ouabain-sensitive part of the uptake
      into the cells caused by a lithium interaction with the extracellular K+
      activated site of the Na+, K+-ATPase. After 14 days of exposure of the astrocytes
      to 1 mM lithium, the potassium uptake remained lower in the presence of lithium
      than in its absence. However, the cells had adjusted to the chronic presence of
      lithium by increasing their potassium uptake to such an extent that, during the
      exposure to 1 mM lithium, it was indistinguishable from that in cultures from the
      same batches grown in the absence of lithium and measured in the absence of this
      compound. The interference by lithium with potassium uptake into astrocytes may
      well be related to the inhibition of potassium clearance in the CNS described in
      the literature.

PMID- 6818588
TI  - Nicotine from cigarette smoking increases circulating levels of cortisol, growth
      hormone, and prolactin in male chronic smokers.
AB  - Results of this study indicate that nicotine from cigarette smoking increases
      circulating levels of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in male chronic
      smokers. Previous studies have not addressed the question of whether the stimulus
      for smoking-related hormone release is the 'stress' of smoking or a pharmacologic
      action of nicotine and other tobacco substrates. Nicotine exposure is controlled
      in this study by allowing each subject to smoke only two 2.0 mg nicotine
      cigarettes during one experimental session and two 0.2 mg nicotine cigarettes in
      another session. Plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin for the
      higher nicotine session were found to be significantly elevated over those for
      the low-nicotine session, indicating that nicotine itself plays a predominate
      role in smoking-induced hormone increases. All hormone levels for the 2.0 mg
      nicotine session had not returned to baseline 60 min after smoking.

PMID- 6818590
TI  - Erythrocyte glycine in depressed, hypomanic, and euthymic bipolar patients
      treated with lithium carbonate.
AB  - Red blood cell (RBC) glycine levels were examined in 27 bipolar patients, treated
      with lithium carbonate for a minimum of 8 months, who were either hypomanic,
      depressed, or euthymic in their mood. We found no difference in the RBC glycine
      or in the RBC: plasma glycine ratio between the hypomanic, depressed, or euthymic
      patients (P less than 0.1). There were statistically significant differences in
      RBC glycine levels in lithium-treated euthymic patients and normal controls.
      There was a strong positive correlation between serum lithium levels and both RBC
      glycine levels and the RBC: plasma glycine ratio.

PMID- 6818591
TI  - Prostaglandin inhibition of amphetamine-induced circling in mice.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins (PG) on amphetamine(AMPH)-induced circling was
      examined in mice unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxy-dopamine. At doses of 0.03
      1.0 nmol/g, intraventricularly injected PGD2, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha all inhibited
      AMP-induced circling, while thromboxane-B2 (TxB2) was inactive at 1.0 nmol/g. The
      inhibition of circling was not due to alterations in body temperature as measured
      by rectal temperature changes. When injected intrastriatally, the same major PG
      inhibited AMP-induced circling at the lower doses of 0.01-0.1 nmol/g, while the
      PGE2 metabolite 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 was inactive at 0.1 nmol/g. PG
      administered alone did not procude circling. For both routes of administration,
      the order of potency was PGE2 greater than PGD2 greater than PGF2 alpha. These
      results suggest that PG can alter motor function governed by central dopaminergic
      pathways.

PMID- 6818592
TI  - A new test for social investigation in mice: effects of d-amphetamine.
AB  - A new automated device that concurrently records social investigatory responses
      and spontaneous motor activity is described and the effects of d-amphetamine are
      presented. The rectangular Plexiglas apparatus was divided into three
      compartments, separated from each other by wire mesh screens. A male mouse was
      placed into the center compartment and the amount of time spent investigating the
      two adjacent stimulus compartments was recorded using contact circuits. One
      stimulus compartment housed a female conspecific, while the other remained
      uninhabited and served as a control for nonsocial investigatory responses. A
      photo-cell bisected the center compartment and recorded motor activity. Doses of
      0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine administered to both sexually naive and
      sexually experienced male mice resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in
      investigation of both stimulus chambers, however social investigation was
      significantly affected at a lower dose. Both groups of males preferred the female
      to the uninhabited chamber at all but the highest dose of d-amphetamine, which
      abolished the preference. Locomotor activity for both inexperienced and
      experienced males increased with increasing doses of d-amphetamine.

PMID- 6818593
TI  - Influence of lisuride on morphine withdrawal signs in the rat: a dopamine-mimetic
      effect.
AB  - The influence of lisuride on naloxone-induced withdrawal signs (wet shakes,
      escape attempts) was studied in morphine-dependent rats. Lisuride, injected IP at
      doses of 12.5 and 25 micrograms/kg, inhibited wet shakes while not significantly
      altering escape attempts induced by naloxone (4 mg/kg IP). At higher doses (50
      and 100 micrograms/kg IP), lisuride's inhibitory effect on wet shakes persisted
      while escape attempts were actually potentiated with respect to control
      withdrawal rats. Increases in aggressive behavior were seen at all doses, and
      were dose-related. Haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg IP), administered 40 min before
      lisuride, did not modify the antagonistic effect on wet shakes, unlike sulpiride
      (40 mg/kg IP 30 min before lisuride), but at the same time blocked the increase
      in escape attempts and aggressiveness induced by lisuride. We suggest that
      lisuride modulates withdrawal signs by stimulation of dopamine receptors in the
      CNS. The effect of the dopamine mimetic N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) on the
      same variables is reported as well as the influence of haloperidol on NPA, and a
      comparison between the effects of the two drugs is made.

PMID- 6818594
TI  - Potentiation of d-amphetamine and L-dopa-induced acoustic startle activity after
      long-term exposure to amphetamine.
AB  - The startle response to an auditory stimulus was potentiated by treatment with d
      amphetamine sulfate. Administration of L-dopa after pretreatment with the
      extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor MK-486 also increased startle activity.
      After long-term exposure to amphetamine the startle response to L-dopa and d
      amphetamine was enhanced. These findings are consistent with the consequences of
      long-term amphetamine administration on other amphetamine-induced behaviors (e.g.
      stereotype), and are discussed in terms of the effects of long-term amphetamine
      treatment on pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors and serotonin.

PMID- 6818595
TI  - Feeding stimulated by very low doses of d-amphetamine administered systemically
      or by microinjection into the striatum.
AB  - The effects of d-amphetamine over a wide range of doses (0.125-4.0 mg/kg IP) on
      rat unconditioned behaviour were examined in the presence of food and water
      (experiment 1), in their absence (experiment 2) and after microinjection (2.0
      micrograms in 0.5 microliter) directly into the striatum (experiment 3). In
      experiment 1 very low doses (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg) stimulated the intake of food,
      but not water, and higher doses produced locomotor hyperactivity, rearing,
      stereotyped sniffing and anorexia. In experiment 2 all doses, including very low
      doses (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg), significantly potentiated locomotor activity. In
      experiment 3, microinjection into the corpus striatum elicited substantial
      feeding, but not drinking, locomotor activity or stereotyped behaviour. The
      results suggest that a single graded facilitative mechanism underlies the effects
      on food intake and other behavioural effects of amphetamine, as implied by a
      general hypothesis of amphetamine action proposed in the literature, and that
      these effects may to a large extent be mediated by forebrain dopamine systems.

PMID- 6818599
TI  - Conditioned tolerance to the tachycardia effect of ethanol in humans.
AB  - Human subjects were given a series of oral ethanol administrations in one
      environment and an equal number of placebo administrations in another distinct
      environment. Tolerance (a decreasing response with repeated administrations) to
      the tachycardia effect of ethanol was observed; no consistent changes in heart
      rate followed placebo administrations. Subsequently, tolerance to a test dose of
      ethanol administered in the environment normally associated with placebo was
      reduced relative to that in response to a dose administered in the usual ethanol
      environment. This demonstration of environment-specificity in a human drug
      tolerance experiment replicates previous reports from animal studies, and is
      interpreted according to a Pavlovian conditioning model of drug tolerance.

PMID- 6818598
TI  - Voluntary ethanol consumption after ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment in alcohol
      preferring C57BL mice.
AB  - C57BL mice normally show a preference for alcohol solutions compared with water.
      The effect of chronic ethanol treatment sufficient to produce behavioural
      tolerance on the voluntary ethanol consumption of C57BL mice was compared with
      the effect of acute ethanol and acute and chronic administration of acetaldehyde.
      Chronic treatment with ethanol caused a loss of preference which lasted more than
      12 weeks after withdrawal from the treatment. The acute ethanol treatment and the
      acute and chronic acetaldehyde treatments only produced a transient loss of
      preference which returned to normal within 1 week of cessation of treatment. The
      effect of these drugs on liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LAdH) was also examined.
      Changes in LAdH activity did not correlate with alcohol preference. Possible
      reasons for the different effects of the drug treatments on alcohol preference
      are discussed.

PMID- 6818596
TI  - Effect of chlorpromazine on H-reflex recovery curves in normal subjects and
      schizophrenic patients.
AB  - This study sought to determine the effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on a
      physiological measure, the H-reflex recovery curve (HRRC) and to determine
      whether the effect is different in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients.
      Eleven normal control subjects and 14 patients were administered 12.5 and 25.0 mg
      CPZ by IM injection. On the average. HRRCs measured 90 min after the injections
      were lower compared to pre-injection levels in both groups, at both doses. In
      general, the higher dose was more effective in both groups. Half of the patients,
      however, failed to respond to 12.5 mg, indicating that some schizophrenics are
      less sensitive than normals to CPZ. These results indicate that excessive
      dopamine activity or sensitivity may underlie abnormally high HRRCs in
      unmedicated psychotic patients.

PMID- 6818597
TI  - Habituation of exploratory activity in mice: a screening test for memory
      enhancing drugs.
AB  - The habituation of exploratory activity was investigated as an experimental model
      of memory processes. Mice were given two sessions in a simple photo-cell activity
      cage and the decrease in activity at the second session (habituation) served as
      an index of retention. Retention decreased as the interval between sessions
      increased from 1 to 7 days. Retention was facilitated or impaired by post
      session. IP injections of several drugs known respectively to improve [(+)
      amphetamine, nicotine, physostigmine, strychnine] or impair (chlordiazepoxide,
      chlorpromazine, scopolamine) memory in other animal models. Memory facilitation
      or impairment only occurred if administration of the enhancing or impairing agent
      closely followed the first session, suggesting that the consolidation period was
      of limited duration. Post-session administration of presumably rewarding or
      noxious stimuli did not affect retention. Finally, retention was enhanced by
      several drugs which are used clinically for the treatment of memory disorders
      (bromocriptine, dihydroergotoxine, meclofenoxate, naftidrofuryl and piracetam).
      These results, consistent with classical learning data, suggest that habituation
      of exploratory activity in mice provides a simple but valid model of memory
      processes suitable for the screening of memory enhancing drugs.

PMID- 6818600
TI  - Hyponeophagia and arousal in rats: effects of diazepam, 5-methoxy-N,N
      dimethyltryptamine, d-amphetamine and food deprivation.
AB  - A modified hyponeophagia test is described as an animal model of anxiety. The
      effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10 mg/kg diazepam, given both acutely and for 7
      days pretest, were assessed in rats. Acutely, diazepam reduced hyponeophagia over
      the dose range 0.3-3.0 mg/kg but 10.0 mg/kg produced sedation and large
      variability. Chronically, the dose-response relationships were monotonic and the
      maximal effect was increased, suggesting that differential tolerance occurs to
      the sedative, but not to the anxiolytic, effects of this drug. Increased food
      deprivation did not mimic benzodiazepine effects on hyponeophagia, and actually
      prolonged eating latency in rats treated with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
      (2.5 mg/kg), which does not support an interpretation of diazepam effects in
      terms of appetitive actions. An arousal hypothesis of hyponeophagia was proposed
      and supported by the antagonism of the sedative effects of 10.0 mg/kg diazepam by
      d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg). Although both male and female rats were used
      throughout, sex differences were few in these studies.

PMID- 6818601
TI  - Effects of lithium on behaviour induced by phencyclidine and amphetamine in rats.
AB  - d-Amphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) have both been reported to produce manic
      like sequela in humans, effects that are reportedly antagonized by lithium. To
      test the hypothesis that the acute effects of these drugs in rats may serve as
      models of mania, the behaviors induced by d-amphetamine (3 mg/kg) or PCP (5
      mg/kg) were quantified on behavioral rating scales subsequent to chronic dietary
      pretreatment with lithium carbonate or control diet. On day 14 of pretreatment,
      PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors and ataxia were potentiated in rats receiving
      lithium (plasma levels 1.0 +/- 0.23 mEq/l). PCP-induced locomotor activity was
      not affected by lithium pretreatment. Stereotypies and locomotion induced by d
      amphetamine were also not significantly affected by lithium pretreatment. These
      results suggest that neither PCP nor amphetamine administered acutely to rats
      will be useful models to explore the manic-like symptoms produced by these drugs
      in humans.

PMID- 6818605
TI  - Biological markers for depressive illness.

PMID- 6818604
TI  - Haloperidol-induced plasma prolactin release: sensitivity, reliability, and
      comparison to haloperidol antagonism of dopamine agonist-induced stereotyped
      behavior in the rat.

PMID- 6818603
TI  - Influence of age on mianserin pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of Mianserin (MIA) after acute administration have been
      studied in nine volunteers, divided into two groups according to age. The
      subjects were given a single oral dose of 30 mg MIA. The plasma peak time was
      shorter in the younger subjects than in the older. In general, the concentrations
      of MIA in the plasma were higher in the older subjects than in the younger, and
      in the former group there was no relationship between administered dose (mg/kg)
      and plasma levels. The area under curve, volume of distribution and clearance
      were significantly different in the two groups. The side effects (both incidence
      and type) differed in the two groups. There were no significant changes in blood
      pressure, either supine or standing. The sedative effect was more marked in the
      young than in the elderly subjects. A relationship between drowsiness and MIA
      plasma levels was observed only in the younger subjects.

PMID- 6818602
TI  - Effects of dopamine uptake inhibitors on schedule-controlled behavior in the
      squirrel monkey.
AB  - Squirrel monkeys responded under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) fixed-ratio (FR)
      schedule of stimulus-shock termination. Benztropine mesylate (0.03-1.7 mg/kg),
      bupropion HCl (0.3-5.6 mg/kg), mazindol (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), and nomifensine maleate
      (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) markedly increased responding under the FI schedule, but not
      under the FR schedule. Mazindol was about three-times more potent than
      nomifensine and ten-times more potent than bupropion. Benztropine and mazindol
      were about equal in potency. The order and relative magnitude of potency
      differences for mazindol, nomifensine, and bupropion are similar to those
      reported by others for in vitro inhibition of dopamine uptake in rat striatum,
      but the relative potency of benztropine was greater in these behavioral
      experiments than expected from its potency in inhibiting dopamine uptake.

PMID- 6818606
TI  - Differential efficacy of L-deprenyl, a selective MAO type-B inhibitor, in
      endogenous and nonendogenous depression.

PMID- 6818607
TI  - Chicken intrapulmonary chemoreceptor discharge frequency reduced by increasing
      rate of repetitive PCO2 changes.
AB  - We have recently reported that repetitive changes of PCO2 given to innervated non
      perfused chicken lungs reflexly inhibit respiratory efforts. The degree of
      respiratory inhibition is rate-dependent, decreasing as repetition rate is
      increased to 3 . 2 Hz (Barker, Burger & Nye, 1981) to nearly that expected from
      the average PCO2 of the two levels given. Intrapulmonary chemoreceptors
      (i.p.c.s), whose discharge frequencies are inversely related to PCO2, are
      presumably responsible for these effects. Here we report the activity of twenty
      single i.p.c.s in the left, non-perfused lungs of twelve thoractomized cockerels
      as PCO2 of the gas ventilating those lungs was repetively changed between 7 and
      27 or 7 and 40 torr. Maximal discharge rates of individual receptors after a PCO2
      decrease were related to the location of receptors within the gas exchange
      region. From 0 . 2 to 1 . 6 Hz both average and maximal discharge frequencies
      decreased. The inhibition of discharge in this range was greater than that
      predicted by the steady-state relationship between reflex responses and receptor
      discharge, suggesting that the reflex effects of i.p.c. discharge are not a
      simple function of the mean discharge frequency of all i.p.c.s. Either average
      i.p.c. discharge frequency per PCO2 cycle over-estimates their respiratory reflex
      inhibition or only the less rate-sensitive i.p.c.s, those in the middle of the
      gas exchange region, may dominate this rate-dependent respiratory reflex.

PMID- 6818608
TI  - Serum C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) levels in normal adults.

PMID- 6818609
TI  - [Characteristics of the development of x-ray induced, sex-linked recessive lethal
      mutations causing developmental disorders in Drosophila melanogaster imaginal
      disks and gonads].

PMID- 6818610
TI  - [Building plan for enlarging the high voltage therapy department to house the
      Soviet LUE-15 M 1 linear accelerator].

PMID- 6818611
TI  - Differences in collateralization of the descending spinal pathways from red
      nucleus and other brain stem cell groups in cat and monkey.

PMID- 6818612
TI  - A new look at the organization of the motor system.

PMID- 6818613
TI  - Multimodal treatment of advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 6818614
TI  - Current management of Ewing's sarcoma.

PMID- 6818615
TI  - The effect of arachidonic acid and prostanoids on collagen dissolution in human
      uterine cervix in vitro.
AB  - Explants of human non-pregnant cervix produce collagenolytic enzymes which
      degrade collagen over a 10 day period in culture. This is significantly enhanced
      by the presence of very low concentrations of arachidonic acid (10(-16) - 10(
      11)M). Prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha and 6-keto-F1 alpha were synthesised in
      declining amounts over the 10 day period and synthesis was not increased by
      adding arachidonic acid (10(-11)M). Meclofenamic acid (10(-6)M) and indomethacin
      (10(-5)M), but not tranylcypromine (10(-5)M) suppressed prostaglandin synthesis
      yet all reduced collagen dissolution. Mepacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) also
      suppressed collagen dissolution. Remodelling of the structure of the cervix
      matrix may, in part, depend upon arachidonic acid or one of its cyclo-oxygenase
      or lipoxygenase derived products.

PMID- 6818616
TI  - Increased platelet aggregability is associated with increased prostacyclin
      production by vessel walls in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
AB  - The influences of experimental hypercholesterolemia in the rabbit on platelet
      vessel wall interactions have been studied by evaluating the aggregatory response
      of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to arachidonic acid (AA) stimulation and levels of
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha in PRP from normal (N) and hypercholesterolemic (HC) animals
      prior and after perfusion through the corresponding aortas. In addition, the
      responses of N PRP to aggregation after perfusion through HC aortas and those of
      HC PRP perfused through N aortas, and the platelet response to the inhibitory
      effect of exogenous prostacyclin have been evaluated. The data indicate that in
      HC rabbits, on one side platelets are hyperreactive to AA and less sensitive to
      the inhibitory activity of prostacyclin and, on the other, the antiaggregatory
      activity and prostacyclin production of vessel walls is higher, suggesting
      compensatory mechanisms in the haemostatic balance.

PMID- 6818618
TI  - [Lennox-Gastaut syndrome--diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic problems].

PMID- 6818617
TI  - Differing mechanisms for leukotriene d4-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea
      pigs following intravenous and aerosol administration.
AB  - Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) when administered intravenously or by aerosol to guinea
      pigs produced changes in pulmonary mechanics including a decrease in dynamic
      compliance and an increase in pulmonary resistance. The effects of intravenous
      LTD4 (0.5 microgram kg-1) were short lived and abolished by pretreatment of the
      animal with either cyclooxygenase inhibitors, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor
      (OKY 1555) or an SRS-A antagonist (FPL 55712). These findings suggest that
      bronchoconstriction produced by the intravenous infusion of LTD4 at 0.5 microgram
      kg-1 is due to the release of thromboxane A2. However, in animals treated with
      indomethacin, LTD4 at higher doses (greater than 0.8 microgram kg-1) still
      elicited a bronchoconstriction which could be blocked by FPL 55712. Nebulization
      of 0.1 - 1.0 microgram of LTD4 into the lung produced prolonged changes in
      pulmonary mechanics which were inhibited by FPL 55712 and were potentiated by
      indomethacin. LTD4, therefore, when administered by aerosol produced effects on
      the lung which were not mediated by cyclooxygenase products. Responses to
      nebulized rather than intravenous LTD4 in the guinea pig may more closely
      resemble those seen in human tissues.

PMID- 6818619
TI  - [The effect of lithium on the hematopoietic system].

PMID- 6818620
TI  - [Distribution of 67Ga-citrate in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced
      hepatoma of rats].
AB  - The distribution of 67Ga-citrate in the hepatoma of rat induced by 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene was studied. 67Ga uptake ratio resected specimen,
      autoradiography and histological specimen were compared each other. 67Ga uptake
      ratio of the tumor was increased 1.6 to 7.2 times (average 4.4) to control group.
      Regardless of the size of the tumor, macroautoradiographically observed
      distribution of 67Ga-citrate in the hepatoma was higher in the peripheral zone
      than in the central zone. Histologically the degeneration of tumor cell was low
      or absent in the peripheral zone of tumor, whereas it was intense in the central
      zone. 67Ga-citrate was highly accumulated in the zone which the degeneration was
      low or absent. We, however, could not demonstrate the site where 67Ga-citrate was
      incorporated.

PMID- 6818621
TI  - [Influence of impurities on radiolysis of trichlorofluoromethane].

PMID- 6818622
TI  - [Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in C3- and C4-plants--tracer experiments
      using 3H, 14C, 13C and 18O].

PMID- 6818624
TI  - [Benign spike-wave occipital epilepsy in children].
AB  - Among the partial epilepsies of childhood with a mainly if not exclusively
      functional focus, a place must be given, next to epilepsy with rolandic spikes,
      to 'benign epilepsy with occipital spike-waves' featuring: (1) from the EEG
      standpoint: (a) normal background activity; (b) interictal high amplitude S.W.
      occurring only when the eyes are closed and recurring more or less rhythmically
      in the occipito-posterotemporal region of one or both hemispheres (in the last
      case synchronously or asynchronously, symmetrically or asymmetrically); (c) ictal
      localized self-maintaining discharges over one occipital lobe, even when the
      interictal S.W. are bilateral; (2) from the clinical standpoint: (a) between
      seizures: normal neuropsychiatric, neuroradiological, CT and ophthalmological
      status; (b) during seizures: visual symptoms (amaurosis, phosphenes, complex
      hallucinations or illusions) which are: (i) isolated when the ictal neuronal
      discharge remains confined to the occipital region; (ii) followed by hemiclonic
      or automatic or cephalalgic manifestations when the occipital discharge extends
      to the central or temporal regions or to the brain stem. The observed
      symptomatology, associated with a family history of epilepsy in 36% of cases,
      confirms that this syndrome is indeed true epilepsy and not basilar migraine with
      severe epileptiform abnormalities as supposed by Camfield et al. (1978). Benign
      epilepsy of childhood with occipital S.W. is essentially functional in nature,
      depending on epileptic predisposition acting to uncover a minimal brain lesion
      probably acquired at birth. The prognosis is good, although less satisfactory
      than that of benign epilepsy with rolandic spikes.

PMID- 6818623
TI  - [Diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence with anti-IgM for Chagas'
      disease in adults and newborn infants].

PMID- 6818626
TI  - [Effect of various fish meals on disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase of the
      small intestine in rats].
AB  - Female rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 40-60 g were used to study the effect
      of fish meals (Coryphaenoides rupestris, Chimaera monstruosa and Merluccius
      merluccius) on the disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase in the small
      intestine in relation to the control group which consumed casein. Fish meal diets
      diminished lactase and alkaline phosphatase activity, the latter being most
      remarkable in animals fed Ch. monstruosa meal, while no statistical variations in
      maltase and sucrase activity were observed. Maltase, sucrase and lactase activity
      of animals fed Ch. monstruosa meal dropped in comparison with those fed C.
      rupestris meal, while the alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant
      changes.

PMID- 6818625
TI  - [Simultaneous diffusion of inositol and mannitol in the rat brain].
AB  - The diffusion of both inositol and mannitol has been determined simultaneously by
      the integral bolus method in rat brain. The permeability constant (Kin) of
      inositol averaged 0.27 +/- 0.02 ml X (100 g)-1 X min-1 or 4 X 10(-7) cm X s-1 at
      a cerebral capillary surface area of 100 cm2 x g-1. The permeability of mannitol
      was 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml X (100 g)-1. min-1 or 1 X 10(-7) cm X s-1. Neither glucose
      nor galactose affected the inositol permeability. Hypoglycemia increased somewhat
      the Km value for mannitol. The basal ganglia showed an increase Km for both
      substrates as compared with those obtained for cortex, temporal and parietal
      tissues.

PMID- 6818627
TI  - [The problems involved in outcome control of non-industrial vocational
      rehabilitation measures].
AB  - The Social Code prescribes to the institutions financially responsible for
      rehabilitation to use their budgetary funds in accord with the principles of cost
      effective and economical conduct, and to set up cost-benefit analyses in
      appropriate cases. This, however, presupposes a close and trusting working
      relationship between the financially responsible institutions and the
      rehabilitation facilities. It is possible to apply cost-benefit analysis to
      vocational rehabilitation; however, only those data should be included in the
      assessment that can in fact be clearly quantified. To ward off the danger of
      vocational rehabilitation missing labour market demands, improved statistical
      accessibility is recommended. The financially responsible institutions and the
      labour administration should draw up an overall statistical survey of
      rehabilitation--possibly in the form of a "rehabilitation report"--, containing
      break-downs of labour market statistics for comparison. This would facilitate
      vocational rehabilitation being accompanied and evaluated by research, the
      results obtained would be more obvious and clear. Improved prediction as regards
      employment opportunities of the rehabilitees could result.

PMID- 6818628
TI  - Control of Sertoli and germ cell populations in the cock and sheep testes.
AB  - Sertoli cells are involved in the control of spermatogenesis. In adult animals,
      the Sertoli cell stocks, fixed before puberty, are highly correlated with those
      of the germ cells. Some factors influencing Sertoli cell stock formation have
      been analyzed: 1) Early hemicastration of impuberal animals showed that the
      proliferative activities of the Sertoli and the germ cells before puberty, rather
      than their initial numbers at birth, were the limiting factors of their final
      number in adult testis. 2) During testicular growth, LH and FSH levels were
      correlated to Sertoli cell stocks and to germ cell production. 3) The season of
      birth influenced the Sertoli cell stock formation in the ram. Daylength modified
      testicular development in the cockerel and the sheep. 4) Between-strain
      differences were more marked for the testis than for body growth in the cockerel.
      In the ram, Sertoli cell stocks were similar between half-brothers but
      significantly different between sires.

PMID- 6818629
TI  - Development of Sertoli cell populations in organ culture of immature pig testis.

PMID- 6818630
TI  - [Amphibian jelly envelopes (proteins secreted by the oviduct) and their role in
      fertilization].
AB  - The jelly envelopes, surrounding amphibian eggs and playing a major part in the
      initial steps of fertilization, are deposited around the eggs as they traverse
      the different parts of the oviduct. These envelopes form 5 to 8 morphologically
      distinct layers according to the species, i.e. in Anura and Caudata they are
      organized differently, and are composed of about ten different macromolecular
      components (glycoproteins). The innermost layer is rich in sulfate and poor in
      fucose, a carbohydrate abundant in the other layers. This is due to a
      fucosyltransferase deficit in the cranial part of the oviduct secreting this
      layer. The cranial and the medial oviduct secretory products show a lectin
      carbohydrate-like reaction which is pH-dependent and can be inhibited by
      carbohydrates like glucuronolactone. This reaction has made it possible to
      isolate, by affinity chromatography, the main secretory component of the cranial
      oviduct (Spop). This paper discusses the main functions of the jelly layers of
      the egg, with particular reference to fertilization. The role of their
      macromolecular components in sperm capacitation is clear in Anura; experimental
      investigation in Urodeles is more difficult. We propose several hypotheses to
      explain the molecular interactions leading to capacitation. Block to polyspermy
      in amphibians is discussed.

PMID- 6818631
TI  - [Inhibin].

PMID- 6818632
TI  - [ABP: the testicular protein that binds androgens].
AB  - ABP is a protein found in the testicular cytosol or secreted by Sertoli cells in
      the rete testis fluid. It has a high affinity for androgers and binds
      specifically 5 alpha-DHT and testosterone (but to a lesser extent). The binding
      capacity is saturable. ABP is measured by steady state polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis or by separation on dextran coated charcoal. ABP moves from
      testis to epididymis where its binding activity is totally or partially destroyed
      from caput to cauda epididymis. In some species (ram, bull, billy goat) but not
      in others (human, boar, stallion) ABP is present in the seminal plasma of the
      ejaculate. In some species like the rat, ABP is also secreted in the testicular
      blood stream by Sertoli cells through the basement membrane of the seminiferous
      tubules. ABP varies with age and with season. Its production is under separate
      endocrine control of FSH and testosterone and its transport from testis to
      epididymis is specifically controlled by FSH. Through its binding activity, ABP
      may play a role in spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation by enhancing
      the local concentration of androgens around the germinal cells and the male
      gametes. However ABP is not present in some species, like the pig, although their
      spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation are normal.

PMID- 6818633
TI  - Hormonal and nonhormonal regulation of maternal behavior: a theoretical survey.
AB  - There is a general uniformity in the hormones that regulate pregnancy among a
      large variety of mammals. There is also a division of maternal behavior into two
      main patterns: that shown by mammals that build nests for the altricial young and
      those that only briefly establish a birth site for the precocial young. Apart
      from this difference, the patterns of maternal behavior are quite similar,
      centering around nursing, and weaning follows a similar course in different
      species. Is there a corresponding uniformity in the factors which regulate
      maternal behavior? Too few species have been studied to establish any general
      rule about the hormonal basis for the onset of maternal behavior. In the main,
      however, the ovarian hormones probably play a major role in most species and
      prolactin appears to play a role in at least one species. Post-partum maternal
      behavior appears to depend mainly upon stimulation from the young and hormones
      may not be required to maintain it or be involved in its decline. The transition
      period between hormonal and nonhormonal regulation of maternal behavior may
      emerge as an important phenomenon in many species.

PMID- 6818634
TI  - [In vitro proteolysis of casein and gluten by pancreatic enzymes].
AB  - The time-course of proteolysis of casein and gluten by pancreatic enzymes
      (trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic juice) was studied in vitro with various
      concentrations of enzyme or substrate. The effect of a previous peptic
      proteolysis, with or without sodium phytate, on proteolysis by pancreatic juice
      was also studied. Proteolysis was evaluated by measuring the nitrogen in products
      solubilized in trichloroacetic acid (peptides + amino acids) and in
      phosphotungstic acid (amino acids). Without a previous peptic proteolysis, at a
      low enzyme/substrate ratio, the release of peptides and amino acids was greater
      for casein than for gluten. At a high enzyme/substrate ratio, peptide release by
      pancreatic juice and chymotrypsin was quite similar for casein and gluten but
      amino acid release was a little less for gluten. After a previous high peptic
      proteolysis without sodium phytate, pancreatic juice proteolysis, at a low
      enzyme/substrate ratio, was increased. Peptide release was similar for casein and
      gluten but amino acid release was a little less for the gluten. With sodium
      phytate, the release of peptides was quite similar for casein but was less for
      gluten. The release of amino acids was diminished in both cases. Thus, gluten was
      more resistant than casein to the action of pancreatic enzymes. Nevertheless,
      this was not necessarily observed when those enzymes were used for proteolysis at
      a high enzyme/substrate ratio or following a high peptic proteolysis. The
      differences between casein and gluten proteolyses have been discussed according
      to the specific action of the pancreatic enzymes. In conclusion, in comparing the
      proteolyses of various foods, it is important to use various enzyme/substrate
      ratios.

PMID- 6818635
TI  - [Comparative toxicity of different cereals for subjects intolerant of gluten].
AB  - Coeliac disease is caused by prolamines, the storage proteins of some cereals,
      located in the endosperm. Cereals do not all have the same toxicity. The four
      wheat prolamine groups (alpha, beta, gamma and omega gliadins), visible in
      electrophoresis at acid pH, have been isolated and their toxicities compared by
      observing the morphological changes in intestinal biopsies cultured in vitro when
      peptic-tryptic digests of the studied proteins were added to the culture medium.
      The toxicity was found to be mainly located in the alpha and beta-gliadins and in
      peptides of 5 to 10 000 molecular weight. Peptides, resulting from peptic-tryptic
      hydrolysis, varied in length as a direct function of their proline content. In
      fact, peptide bond splitting by pepsin and trypsin is known to be blocked by
      proline. Thus, proline content determines peptide length and toxicity. Wheat, rye
      and barley toxicities were compared on the basis of a correlation between
      toxicity and the alpha- and beta-gliadin-like prolamine contents of these
      cereals. Electrophoretic estimation of alpha- and beta-gliadin-like prolamine
      content gave the following prediction of relative toxicity (in decreasing order):
      wheat, triticale, rye, barley and oats.

PMID- 6818636
TI  - [Water and food ingestion in the young rabbit given food deficient in methionine
      or lysine and drinking by free choice a solution of that amino acid or pure
      water].
AB  - In a first trial, 21 five-week old rabbits housed in individual cages were
      divided into 3 experimental lots. All of them received the same lysine-deficient
      pelleted diet but lot 1 drank pure water only, lot 2 had a free choice between a
      solution of l-lysine (1.6 g/l) or pure water, and lot 3 drank l-lysine only. The
      trial lasted 24 days. The growth of lot 1 rabbits was significantly lower than
      that of lot 3 rabbits. The performance of lot 2 animals was intermediate but
      quite similar to that of lot 3. The lot 2 animals drank significantly more of the
      lysine solution than pure water (56 vs 44 p. 100). In a second trial, 60 five
      week old rabbits housed 5 to a cage were divided into 4 lots. Lot 1 received a
      sulphur amino acid (AAS)-deficient diet + pure water, lot 2 a balanced diet +
      pure water, lot 3 the deficient diet + pure water and a solution of dl-methionine
      (1 g/l), and lot 4 the deficient diet + pure water + another dl-methionine
      solution (3 g/l). The trial lasted 19 days. Lot 2 showed improved growth due to
      the intake of the better AAS balanced diet. Lot 3 and 4 rabbits had intermediate
      growth which approached that of lot 2 animals as the methionine concentration in
      the solution increased. In both cases, the rabbits preferred the methionine
      solution to the pure water: 77 p. 100 in lot 3 (1 g/l) and 60 p. 100 in lot 4 (3
      g/l). In conclusion, when the diet was deficient in AAS or in lysine and there
      was a free choice between either pure water or a solution of the deficient amino
      acid, the rabbits preferred the solution.

PMID- 6818637
TI  - [Search for phosphopeptides in the feces of axenic rats fed radioactive ovine
      casein].
AB  - Radioactive ovine casein was obtained by injecting 100 microCi of 14C-Ser into
      the jugular vein of an ewe. The milk collected 17 and 24 h after this injection
      contained 12 p. 100 of the radioactivity injected in protein form. The seryl
      residues were specificially labelled. This casein was used as the only protein
      source fed to axenic rats; 0.30 p. 100 of the tracer ingested was found in the
      feces of those rats. Since phosphoserine represented 25 p. 100 of the total
      casein seryl residues, the phosphopeptides may not be selectively unabsorbable.

PMID- 6818639
TI  - [Influence of undernutrition in the lactating cow on ovulation induction by serum
      gonadotropins (PMSG) during the post-partum period].
AB  - Two experiments were carried out to assess the influence of undernutrition on
      postpartum ovulation in nursing Charolais cows after PMSG injection. In each
      experiment, the nursing cows were divided into 2 groups: one fed at a low
      nutritional level and the other at a normal nutritional level. In the first
      experiment, 19 animals were injected on post-partum days 15 and 30 with 600 IU of
      PMSG; in the second experiment, 34 received the same injection on post-partum day
      54 after 9 days of priming with a Norgestomet implant. On post-partum day 15,
      only one cow in each group ovulated. At post-partum day 30, 1 out of 8 cows at
      the low nutritional plane ovulated vs 5 out of 9 at the normal nutritional plane
      (P less than 0.05). Likewise, on post-partum day 54, 5 out of 14 cows at the low
      nutritional plane ovulated vs 17 out of 17 at the normal nutritional level (P
      less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a time during the post-partum period when
      the nursing cow ovary does not respond to PMSG by ovulation. The length of this
      time is increased by undernutrition.

PMID- 6818638
TI  - Identification and origins of neutral fecal sterols in adult Large White sows:
      occurrence of externally-secreted intestinal cholesterol.
AB  - Cholesterol, the main neutral fecal sterol (54-84 p. 100) in adult Large White
      sows fed a controlled semi-purified diet containing 0.08 p. 100 cholesterol (500
      g twice a day; 3 510 kcal/day), was partially converted into coprostanol (10-44
      p. 100). Exceptionally, epicoprostanol was present, indicating a second pathway
      of bacterial cholesterol degradation. In this paper, the term "fecal cholesterol"
      is restricted to the sum of cholesterol + coprostanol. The contribution of fecal
      cholesterol to the bulk of neutral fecal sterols eliminated daily, averaged 97 +/
      1 p. 100. For a given dietary cholesterol intake of 80 mg per day, eliminated
      fecal cholesterol was estimated to be 392 +/- 47 mg/day and mean fecal
      cholesterol concentration 1.88 +/- 0.12 mg/g of stools. The various sources of
      fecal cholesterol were unabsorbed ingested cholesterol, cholesterol excreted from
      the plasma, and externally-secreted intestinal cholesterol, synthesized by the
      digestive tract, discharged into the lumen and not absorbed. The respective
      contributions of these different sources were as follows: unabsorbed dietary
      cholesterol 34 +/- 2 mg/day, excreted cholesterol 234 +/- 28 mg/day and
      externally-secreted cholesterol 125 +/- 23 mg/day.

PMID- 6818640
TI  - Role of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp.
      and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep.

PMID- 6818641
TI  - [Effect of cobalt and vitamin B 12 on growth and survival of rumen ciliates in
      vitro as a function of bacterial population].
AB  - The effect of inorganic cobalt or organic cobalt in the form of vitamin B12 was
      studied on the growth of rumen ciliates in the presence of normal bacterial
      population and in the presence of reduced bacterial population. It was stated
      that concentration from 0.1 to 1 cobalt microgram/ml and 0.12 to 0.24 vitamin B12
      microgram/ml stimulated growth of rumen ciliates. At rates 10 to 20 times weaker,
      cobalt in the form of vitamin B12 was more active than cobalt in inorganic form.
      With reduced bacterial population (10(3) B/ml) protozoa died within a few days
      but their survival was prolonged by adding cobalt, this effect being more
      pronounced with vitamin B12 than with inorganic cobalt. The growth of ciliates
      treated with antibiotics was stimulated by addition of bacteria, and this effect
      was more pronounced when the bacteria had been preincubated with cobalt.
      Incorporation of cobalt into rumen ciliates was studied using electron microprobe
      analysis. Cobalt was present in all the ciliate but essentially accumulated as
      granules in the endoplasm inside or outside the vacuoles. With reduced bacterial
      population, cobalt was also incorporated into the ciliates whatever the Co
      concentration. Indeed, ciliates seemed to need bacteria in order to use the
      organic cobalt for growth.

PMID- 6818642
TI  - FSH and LH variations in beef cows during the postpartum period.
AB  - To study the plasma gonadotrophin profiles of 9 cows after parturition, blood
      samples were obtained every 20 min for 12 hrs on three occasions between 5 and 50
      days postpartum and analysed by RIA techniques. The time of the first ovulation,
      as judged by plasma progesterone levels, varied from 30 to more than 60 days
      postpartum. Variations in mean levels of FSH and LH were not significantly
      correlated with the postpartum interval. However, the mean levels of plasma FSH
      and number of LH pulses were lower in females which had not ovulated than in
      those which had. The cows could be classified into four groups: group 1 with less
      than 4 LH pulses in 12 hrs and a mean plasma FSH level less than 138 ng/ml; group
      2 with more than 4 LH pulses in 12 hrs and varying plasma FSH levels; group 3
      with less than 4 LH pulses in 12 hrs and a mean plasma FSH level greater than 138
      ng/ml; group 4 which had ovulated. This classification indicated that the LH and
      FSH levels progressed significantly (2.46 to 3.56 ng/ml, P less than 0.05; 120 to
      159 ng/ml, P less than 0.01, respectively) from groups 1 to 3, and that they
      decreased in the females which had ovulated (group 4). Since the time of the
      first ovulation after parturition varied, it was not possible to demonstrate any
      relationship between that interval and the mean plasma gonadotrophin profiles.
      However, when ovulation was considered as time zero there was a clear increase in
      plasma gonadotrophin before ovulation.

PMID- 6818643
TI  - [Distribution of enzyme concentrations in the abomasal mucosa of the preruminant
      calf. Age changes].
AB  - The aim of this trial was to draw an "enzyme map" of the abomasum of the
      preruminant calf in order to determine the secretory capacities of various areas
      and to study their age changes. Three pairs of calves were slaughtered at 1.5
      days and at 10 and 19 weeks. The abomasum was divided into 12 parts (fig. 1). The
      chymosin and pepsin extracted from each part were separated and assayed. We found
      large individual variations in the amount and distribution of the enzymes (fig.
      2, table 1) but, in all cases, more than 78 p. 100 were present in the fundus,
      while the antrum usually contained very little. The cardiac part contained as
      much as the fundic parts of similar size. The distribution of enzymes in the
      fundus between the parietal and visceral surfaces or between the proximal, median
      and distal plicae did not seem to change with age. On the contrary, that part of
      the enzymes provided by the ventral surface (along the greater curvature)
      increased with age, while the part provided by the dorsal surface (along the
      lesser curvature) decreased (fig. 2; table 2). However, the supply of the distal
      region (parts 3 + 7) of the latter surface varied within much smaller limits, and
      the pepsin/chymosin ratio remained close to that observed in the whole abomasum.
      Therefore, the distal region would be the most suitable for making an abomasal
      pouch which would retain the same representativeness in relation to the whole of
      the abomasum. It could eventually be extended on the side of the distal plica.

PMID- 6818644
TI  - [Effect of rumen ciliates on the digestion of different carbohydrates in sheep.
      I.--Utilization of cell wall carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) and of
      starch].
AB  - Two diets rich in cell-wall carbohydrates or starch were given to 10 rumen
      fistulated sheep; two sheep were defaunated and the others were inoculated with
      Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P) or Entodinium sp. (E), or both (P + E), or with
      conventional fauna. Ciliate biomass was greater when the animals were fed a high
      starch diet than when the diet was rich in cell-wall carbohydrates (table 2).
      With both diets, the Entodinium genus in the mixed fauna sampling predominated.
      We showed that Polyplastron was directly involved in cell-wall carbohydrate
      breakdown, while Entodinium capacity to digest cellulose remained low. We noted
      that with a diet rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, bacterial cellulolytic
      activity was improved by the presence of ciliates in the rumen but was decreased
      with the "starch" diet (table 3). The greater VFA concentration observed in the
      faunated animals expressed ciliate effect on the fermentations as well as
      activation of bacterial metabolism. With a high starch diet, the Entodinium sp.
      ciliates may have a buffering effect on the pH values in the rumen by limiting
      bacterial fermentation after food intake and by prolonging starch digestion
      during the day (table 4). The composition of the VFA mixture was modified by
      ciliate inoculation. The molar proportion of butyric acid always increased, while
      that of acetic and propionic acids evolved differently according to the diets and
      the ciliates (table 4). The higher ammonia concentration in the rumen liquor
      observed in faunated animals (table 4) could be explained either by the breakdown
      of both feed and bacterial proteins ingested by ciliates or by a lower ammonia
      nitrogen incorporation by fewer bacteria. Statistical analyses were used to
      explain the specific effect of P and E and also the interactions between them and
      between each of them and the diets.

PMID- 6818645
TI  - [Effect of moderate protein deficiency on reproduction in the female rat and on
      the development of the pups until weaning].
AB  - Two groups of Wistar female rats were respectively fed ad libitum a standard
      stock diet containing 22 p. 100 protein (n = 93) and a diet containing 7.5 p. 100
      protein (n = 189) for 8 weeks. They were mated with male rats of the same strain
      after 2 weeks of these diets. A small decrease (8 p. 100) in fecundity was
      observed but this moderate protein deprivation did not affect either the litter
      size (9.68 +/- 3.50 vs 9.61 +/- 3.69) or the percentage of stillborn pups (4.8 vs
      4.9 p. 100). The postnatal mortality of the pups of deprived dams was much higher
      than that of pups from normal dams (11.2 vs 0.9 p. 100). During the suckling
      period, the 7.5 p. 100 protein diet did not cover the requirements of the dams.
      They lost 20 p. 100 of their weight, whereas the weight of the dams fed the 22 p.
      100 protein diet remained stable. The weight deficit of the young rats born from
      deprived dams was about 10 p. 100 at birth but it rose to 50 p. 100 at weaning.
      During the gestation and suckling periods, the maternal body stores and tissues
      were mobilized to assure the growth of the young.

PMID- 6818646
TI  - Serodiagnosis of Dermatophilus congolensis infection by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Sixty-one sera from animals that had contact with Dermatophilus congolensis were
      examined by comparing three serological methods; counterimmunoelectrophoresis,
      passive haemagglutination, and agar gel diffusion, and by using four different
      antigenic extracts of D congolensis. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis was the
      most satisfactory of the methods having been found to be specific and sensitive,
      easy to perform and suitable for screening large numbers of samples. It was also
      found to have a higher antibody detection rate (82.2 per cent) than the other
      methods thus making it suitable for seroepidemiological surveys. It was found to
      be capable of detecting multiple antibodies and also revealed dissimilarities
      among the different antigenic extracts. The cellular antigens of D congolensis
      were found to detect antibody in more sera than the extracellular antigen; the
      cell wall extract proved to be the most satisfactory of all, detecting antibody
      from the largest number of sera compared to the other extracts in all the three
      serological tests.

PMID- 6818647
TI  - Cycle of bovine lymphoblastoid cells parasitised by Theileria parva.
AB  - The events were studied which occurred during different stages of the cell cycle
      of bovine lymphoblastoid cells infected with the parasite Theileria parva. The
      mean number of nuclei in macroschizonts was about 16 for cells in interphase and
      30 for those in metaphase. Pulse labelling with 3H thymidine showed that
      macroschizonts normally incorporated thymidine when the host cell was in early
      mitosis. Thymidine incorporation by macroschizonts thus occurred at a different
      stage in the cell cycle to that when the cell nucleus incorporated thymidine in S
      phase. DNA synthesis by host cell nucleus and macroschizont is thus asynchronous.
      Division of macroschizonts appears to follow immediately after they have
      synthesised DNA without a G2 period. This division occurs while the host cell is
      in metaphase. When the cell divides each daughter cell thus contains its
      interphase complement of macroschizont nuclei. Some macroschizont division may
      occur in interphase but this is relatively insignificant when compared with that
      which occurs in host cell metaphase. This work suggests that T parva regulates
      its own DNA synthesis independently of the cell. This finding could have
      application in developing strategies for chemotherapeutic attack on the parasite.

PMID- 6818648
TI  - Experimental Brucella abortus infection in the horse: observations during the
      three months following inoculation.
AB  - Five mares, one stallion and a colt foal were inoculated intraconjunctivally with
      Brucella abortus strain 544. No clinical signs of disease developed except mild
      pyrexia. Intermittent bacteraemia was detected in the mares but not in the
      stallion or foal. Antibodies to B abortus became detectable from the second week
      after inoculation. Titres in the serum agglutination and complement fixation
      tests declined substantially after six to eight weeks but reactions to the Coombs
      antiglobulin, 2-mercaptoethanol and immunodiffusion tests were maintained. No
      consistent changes in biochemical or haematological values were observed. Post
      mortem examination of the foal disclosed granulomatous lesions in the lungs,
      liver, testes and metatarsophalangeal synovial membranes. B abortus identical
      with strain 544 was recovered from lymphoid and other tissues.

PMID- 6818649
TI  - Indirect fluorescent antibody test for experimental and epizootiological studies
      on East coast fever (Theileria parva infection in cattle). Evaluation of a cell
      culture schizont antigen fixed and stored in suspension.
AB  - A schizont antigen for the indirect fluorescent antibody test against Theileria
      parva was prepared from a T parva-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cell line by
      fixing the cells in suspension with a mixture of acetone and formaldehyde. The
      antigen was stored in suspension in phosphate buffered saline for one and a half
      years at -60 degrees C without loss of activity; the antigen could also be
      lyophilised. The fluorescence of the intracellular schizonts was bright and
      specific with T parva positive bovine control serum and absent with negative
      bovine control serum and Theileria mutans positive bovine control serum.
      Fluorescence of the lymphoblastoid cell itself was observed with Trypanosoma
      brucei positive control serum and some bovine test sera: this fluorescence, which
      masked the intracellular schizonts, was eliminated by absorbing the sera in the
      supernatant of sonicated lymphocytes obtained from bovine lymph nodes. The
      antigen was evaluated with sera from cattle experimentally infected with T parva.
      In an epizootiological study on East Coast fever in the Coast Province of Kenya,
      there was good correlation between the serological responses of cattle to T parva
      schizont antigen and the distribution of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks.

PMID- 6818650
TI  - [Rare case of chronic latero-cervical tumefaction: neurofibroma of the brachial
      plexus].

PMID- 6818651
TI  - [In vitro sensitivity (MIC) of Gram-negative bacilli exposed to the combination
      of trimethoprim-sulfamethopyrazine (Kelfiprim)].

PMID- 6818652
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma with low-dose insulin.
      Experience in a provincial hospital].

PMID- 6818653
TI  - [Chagas disease in domestic goats from the province of Limari, Chile].

PMID- 6818654
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of 1,668 cycles of triphasic oral contraception (Trigynon).
      Multicentric Belgian study].

PMID- 6818655
TI  - [The contribution of the CO2 laser in the treatment of periapical foci].

PMID- 6818656
TI  - Clindamycin: a review of fifteen years of experience.
AB  - Clindamycin, the 7(S)-chloro-7-deoxy derivative of lincomycin, has stood the test
      of time in the treatment of anaerobic infections. Clindamycin inhibits protein
      synthesis by acting on the 50S ribosomal subunits of bacteria. The colitis
      resulting from the use of clindamycin has been extensively studied and is now
      easily manageable. Although newer antibiotics active against anaerobes are
      available, clindamycin remains a reliable and well-tested antibiotic for use in
      anaerobic infections.

PMID- 6818657
TI  - Classics in infectious diseases. The etiology of tuberculosis: Robert Koch.
      Berlin, Germany 1882.

PMID- 6818658
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of non-advanced Chagas megaesophagus.
      Morphological aspects of the operated esophagus].

PMID- 6818660
TI  - [The use of the Penrose drain as substitute for gastric tube feeding].

PMID- 6818659
TI  - [Diverticulum of the gastric antrum].

PMID- 6818661
TI  - [Immune complexes in experimental kala-azar].

PMID- 6818662
TI  - [1st occurrence of outbreaks caused by Oropouche virus in the State of Amazonas].

PMID- 6818663
TI  - Luteinizing hormone secretion in men with chronic Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6818664
TI  - [Pneumocystis carinii interstitial pneumonia in malnourished children. Report of
      4 cases].

PMID- 6818665
TI  - [Changes in the human testis in Chagas' disease. I. Evaluation of the kinetics of
      the spermatogenesis].

PMID- 6818666
TI  - [Changes in the human testis in Chagas' disease. II. Morphometric study of the
      interstitial tissue].

PMID- 6818667
TI  - [Study of the indeterminate form of Chagas's disease by dynamic
      electrocardiography].

PMID- 6818668
TI  - [Meningitis associated with Oropouche virus infections].

PMID- 6818669
TI  - [The distribution of some genetic polymorphisms in Italy].

PMID- 6818670
TI  - Factor VIII complex in myelomatosis and related disorders.
AB  - The behaviour of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex (VIII:C, VIIIR:Ag
      and VIIIR:RCof) was investigated in 23 patients with secretory myeloma, in 2
      patients with non-secretory myeloma and in 5 patients with macroglobulinemia. In
      most patients (21 of 25 patients with plasma cell myeloma and 2 of 5 patients
      with macroglobulinemia) VIIIR:Ag was increased usually without corresponding
      increases in VIII:C and VIIIR:RCof. There was no correlation between the VIIIR:Ag
      levels and paraprotein Ig type or level nor with the presence or the absence of
      Bence Jones proteins in serum and urine. Furthermore, increased levels of
      VIIIR:Ag were found in patients with non-secretory myeloma. In general, VIIIR:Ag
      was higher in patients with extensive bone lesions and there was a significant
      correlation between cell mass and the VIIIR:Ag level. The crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis of plasmas with discrepant VIIIR:Ag and VIIIR:RCof showed
      variation from the normal pattern.

PMID- 6818672
TI  - [Perioperative hyperalimentation for Patients with carcinoma of the esophagus].

PMID- 6818671
TI  - A new radioimmunological method for determining free thyroxine.

PMID- 6818673
TI  - Clinical and hormonal effects of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in male sexual
      impotence.
AB  - Eight patients with sexual impotence, fertile and clinically normal, average age
      of 41, were given TU orally for 46 days, in a dose of 120 mg/day. The mean (+/-
      SE) plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels were significantly lower than in a
      group of 20 healthy adult men, average age 36. In the course of treatment there
      were no significant changes of mean serum FSH and LH concentrations, while
      circulating testosterone levels rose significantly to normal levels throughout
      the whole study. Almost all patients reported a marked increase in sexual and
      mental activities. The identical pattern as in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal
      patients is considered and a possible hypothalamo-hypophyseal deficiency in the
      pathogenesis of sexual impotence in all 8 subjects is envisaged.

PMID- 6818674
TI  - [Feeding habits, natural infection and distribution of domiciliary triatominae in
      the central region of Brazil].

PMID- 6818675
TI  - [Experimental infection of Calomys callosus (Rodentia Cricetidae) with
      Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 6818676
TI  - Triiodothyronine (T3) binding to immunoglobulin G subclasses in a slightly
      hypothyroid woman.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman, with an earlier history of myxoedema, had stopped taking
      thyroxine and was found to have both a slightly elevated basal TSH level and an
      increased TSH response after thyroliberin stimulation. The T4 value was low
      borderline, and using a radioimmunoassay that separated free and antibody-bound
      hormone by polyethylene glycol precipitation, the T3 value was found to be less
      than zero. This last finding was explained by the existence of T3 antibodies in
      the patient's serum. The antibodies, being of the IgG class, did not bind T4,
      thyroglobulin or cytoplasmic thyroid antigen. The subclass IgG2, and to a lesser
      extent IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4, did bind T3. A Scatchard plot gave an antibody
      avidity constant of 4.28 x 10(8) l/mol and a binding site concentration of 3.8 x
      10(-9) mol/l. Radioimmunoassay of total T3, after extraction with ethanol gave a
      high value. The concentration of free T3 was, however, just above the lower
      reference limit.

PMID- 6818677
TI  - Capillary gas-liquid chromatography of faecal free and esterified neutral
      sterols.
AB  - A method is described for the analysis of faecal free and esterified neutral
      sterols by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC). After
      homogenization and filtration of the sample, free and esterified sterols are
      separated by reversed-phase Lipidex-5000 chromatography. The esterified sterols
      are saponified and analysed by GC. The free sterols are further fractionated on a
      Lipidex-5000 straight-phase column into oxo- and hydroxysterols, respectively.
      The GC separation of the compounds is achieved with an SE-30 open-tubular silica
      capillary column. The mean recoveries of the authentic sterols are 90.0% +/- 5.8%
      (SD) and the mean within-assay coefficients of variations are 3.7% +/- 2.9% (SD).
      The method permits determination of (A) the main animal sterols (cholesterol,
      coprostanol, epicoprostanol, cholestanol, coprostanone and cholestanone), (B) the
      amount of total plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and
      their metabolic conversion products) and (C) the degree of esterification of
      neutral sterols. In addition results obtained in faecal samples from eight
      healthy young men eating normal Finnish food are presented.

PMID- 6818678
TI  - Individual levels of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) during the normal
      menstrual cycle and in women on oral contraceptives low in oestrogen.
AB  - Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), a 3.8 S-alpha 2-glycoprotein recently
      identified as a new fibrinolysis regulating protein, was determined by an
      electroimmunoassay in samples of plasma collected during one menstrual or hormone
      cycle in 15 young women and in 11 women using oral contraceptives with 30
      micrograms ethinyl oestradiol and 150 micrograms levo-norgestrel. Distinct
      individual levels caused the within-group variations of plasma HRG to be larger
      than the individual variations. In the hormone group the plasma HRG levels were
      decreased to about 75% of the normal, while the fluctuations during the cycle
      were minor in both groups.

PMID- 6818679
TI  - Post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Finland: a prospective study.
AB  - To study the frequency of post-transfusion non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis in
      Finland, we have followed prospectively 65 patients after open-heart surgery. The
      total number of transfused blood units was 652. Blood samples were obtained from
      the patients during the first 6 months after the operation and were studied for
      transaminase levels. The NANB diagnosis was based on exclusion of viral hepatitis
      of known etiology by serological tests for hepatitis A, B, cytomegalovirus and
      Epstein-Barr virus infections. We found three cases of post-transfusion NANB, all
      of which were subclinical and unicteric. The frequency of NANB hepatitis was
      4.6%, and the proportion of infective blood units was 0.5%.

PMID- 6818680
TI  - Immunonephelometric quantification of serum vitamin D-binding globulin.
AB  - Rapid quantification of serum vitamin D-binding globulin (VDBG) is described. An
      immunonephelometric method was developed and compared with the conventional
      immunodiffusion method for VDBG. A correlation coefficient of 0.896 (P less than
      0.001) was found with a regression line y = 0.965x + 0.011 (n = 23). The within
      assay and day-to-day coefficient of variation of the immunonephelometric method
      was 6 and 11% at 0.150 g/l (low VDBG concentration), 5 and 7% at 0.230 g/l
      (normal), and 4 and 8% at 0.570 g/l (high). Levels of VDBG and total 25
      hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3) were analysed from 33 serum
      samples obtained in April-May 1980 from 14-month-old children undergoing vitamin
      D substitution. 25(OH)D was extracted from 0.1-0.5 ml serum followed by
      semipreparative silica column chromatography and final quantification by a
      competitive protein-binding method. The VDBG mean value was 0.308 +/- 0.068 g/l
      (SD) and 25(OH)D had a mean value of 121 +/- 70 nmol/l (SD). There was no
      significant correlation between the levels of VDBG and 25(OH)D. The results of
      this study in general agreed well with other findings.

PMID- 6818681
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: distribution and actions in the gastrointestinal
      tract.

PMID- 6818682
TI  - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and atropine on the gastric motility
      stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
AB  - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and atropine on the gastric
      motility after stimulation by insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied by the
      intragastric balloon technique. Four healthy young men were examined in two
      different ways on different days. In one experiment the effect of 50 micrograms
      TRH, 500 micrograms atropine, and 10 micrograms TRH, all intravenously injected,
      and in the other 500 micrograms atropine and 50 micrograms TRH were analyzed in
      this specific sequence. In two subjects the effect of intravenously injected TRH,
      200 micrograms, and atropine, 500 micrograms, on the carbacholine-stimulated
      gastric motility was tested. The hypoglycemic stimulation of the gastric motility
      was immediately and completely blocked for a period of 9.3 +/- 0.7 min after 50
      micrograms TRH and for 3.4 +/- 0.1 min after 10 micrograms TRH. The intragastric
      basal pressure was immediately reduced in all after TRH injection (-2.5 +/- 0.48
      cm H2O pressure). Atropine had no significant effect on the gastric motility
      after hypoglycemic stimulation. The inhibiting effect of TRH on the carbacholine
      stimulated gastric motility was similar to the effect of TRH on the hypoglycemia
      stimulated gastric motility. These results demonstrate that TRH effectively
      inhibits the atropine-resistant stimulation of the gastric motility after insulin
      induced hypoglycemia and also has potent relaxing effects on the muscular tonus
      of the gastric wall.

PMID- 6818683
TI  - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on gastric acid secretion in man.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to have a dose-dependent
      inhibiting effect on the pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man.
      We studied the effect of increasing doses of TRH on the gastric acid secretion
      stimulated by a submaximal histamine dose. The effect of a relatively high dose
      of TRH (500 micrograms/h) on the maximal histamine-stimulated acid secretion was
      examined. Furthermore, we studied the effect of two doses of TRH (40 micrograms/h
      and 500 micrograms/h) on the gastric acid output after insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia. A significant reduction of the submaximal histamine-stimulated
      gastric acid output was observed during infusion of 8 micrograms/h TRH (16%), 40
      micrograms/h TRH (38%), and 200 micrograms/h TRH (42%) (percentage reduction
      compared with the control experiment). TRH, 1000 micrograms/h, had no significant
      effect. With regard to the acid output after maximal histamine stimulation, TRH
      500 micrograms/h was without significant effect. After hypoglycemia the acid
      output was reduced by 30% during 40 micrograms/h TRH (p less than 0.05) and by
      37% during 500 micrograms/h TRH (p less than 0.02). TRH had no effect on the acid
      concentration in any of the studies. The possible mechanisms by which TRH may
      interact with the acid regulation are discussed.

PMID- 6818684
TI  - Lactose malabsorption and tolerance of lactose-hydrolyzed milk. A double-blind
      controlled crossover study.
AB  - Eleven lactose-intolerant patients were investigated in a double-blind crossover
      controlled study. In random sequence they received 500 ml of either ordinary cow
      milk (lactose content, 25 g) or the same amount of low-lactose milk (85% of the
      lactose hydrolyzed), which had been processed by Lactozym 3000 L for 24 h at 4
      degrees C. A significantly increased blood glucose rise from fasting levels was
      demonstrated in the low-lactose tests. Similarly, a significant reduction of
      liquid stool frequency, abdominal colics, distention, borborrhygmia, and
      flatulence was demonstrated. It was concluded that further studies, including
      long-term treatment of lactose-intolerant children, are indicated.

PMID- 6818685
TI  - The effect of storage of whole blood on the association of factor VIII-related
      antigen and factor VIII-coagulant antigen.
AB  - To evaluate the extent of denaturation of factor VIII-coagulant activity (VIII:
      C) during production of factor VIII concentrates, the factor VIII-coagulant
      antigen (VIII: CAg)/VIII: C ratio was measured in plasma, cryoprecipitate and
      cryosupernatant from fresh and stored blood. This ratio was close to unity for
      both cryoprecipitate and other concentrates, suggesting that VIII: CAg is lost
      concurrently with VIII: C during cryoprecipitation and further fractionation.
      Storage of blood (18 h, 22 degrees C) before processing resulted in a 30% loss of
      VIII: C from the separated plasma; however, VIII: CAg was not affected. In
      cryoprecipitate prepared from this plasma, VIII: C and VIII: CAg both were 30%
      lower than when prepared from fresh plasma. In the corresponding cryosupernatant,
      however, more VIII: CAg but less VIII: C was present compared with fresh
      material. Gel chromatography revealed that the rise of VIII: CAg in
      cryosupernatant prepared from stored blood, was due to an increased amount of
      VIII: CAg of low molecular weight, not being associated with factor VIII-related
      antigen. Such an increase in dissociated VIII: CAg was not detected in the plasma
      prior to cryoprecipitation. It is concluded that during storage of blood,
      molecular changes are induced in the factor VIII-VWF complex, possibly by limited
      proteolysis, which make the complex more liable to dissociation during subsequent
      cryoprecipitation.

PMID- 6818686
TI  - Anti-Ia-reactive cells in the urinary tract of man, guinea-pig, rat and mouse.
AB  - Tissues from the urinary tract of man, the guinea-pig, mouse and rat were
      investigated for Ia (HLA-DR) tissue distribution with an immunohistochemical
      staining technique using anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies. Human and guinea-pig
      tissues were also investigated with a rabbit anti-human HLA-DR immunoglobulin. Ia
      antigen-expressing cells were demonstrated in bladder connective tissue of man,
      the guinea-pig, rat and mouse. In man and the guinea-pig anti-Ia-reactive cells
      were present also in the bladder epithelium. In the kidney, the Ia antigens
      seemed to be restricted to the endothelium in man, the guinea-pig and mouse,
      whereas in the rat, the kidney contained anti-Ia-reactive dendritic cells in the
      interstitium. The staining of mouse tissues with anti-I-Ak- and anti-I-E/Ck
      specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that cells of different Ia phenotypes
      were differently distributed in the bladder connective tissue. In sections from
      the mouse kidney no difference in staining was seen with the various antibodies.
      In experiments with mouse bone-marrow chimeras the anti-Ia-reactive cells in
      mouse bladder were shown to be of bone-marrow origin. In humans epithelial Ia
      expressing cells could be isolated from the urine. Such cells might constitute a
      source of anti-Ia-reactive epithelial cells for future functional studies.

PMID- 6818687
TI  - Cardiac catabolic factors: the degradation of heart valve intercellular matrix.
AB  - Cultures of porcine heart valves and aorta secrete a factor that stimulates the
      degradation of cartilage matrix in a fashion similar to that displayed by
      synovial catabolin. The heart valve factor also induces the release of
      chondroitin sulfate and hydroxyproline from isolated heart valve cultures. The
      present observations support the hypothesis that tissues producing catabolic
      factors (catabolins) may well be responsive to them and that these messengers may
      play a role in the cellular regulation of the degradation of intercellular
      macromolecules.

PMID- 6818688
TI  - The blocked bed. Definition of a problem.
AB  - The 'blocked bed' is a term familiar to doctors and hospital administrators, but
      has no conventional definition. Estimates of the prevalence of bed blockage vary
      and are largely subjective. A survey of Area and Regional Health Authorities in
      the U.K. was used to collect information on the nature and extent of bed
      blockage. The definitions offered focus on the match between patient
      characteristics and services provided, and refer in the main to elderly patients
      in acute hospital beds. It is argued that the emergence of blockage as a problem
      is related to a dominant model of acute care in hospitals, which does not
      accurately reflect the situation of elderly patients or their needs for
      treatment.

PMID- 6818689
TI  - Treatment benefit functions for a drug abuse rehabilitation treatment system.
AB  - While generally justifying the large amount of money invested in the treatment
      effort, evaluation studies of treatment centers for drug addiction do not offer a
      rational method of allocating scarce resources among the various available
      treatment programs. The problem is further confounded by different costs
      associated with the different programs and also because clients rarely complete
      the prescribed treatment. We developed functional relationships between treatment
      outcomes and time in treatment that allow the inclusion of probable length of
      stay of patients and cost per week for a particular treatment program in the
      evaluation considerations. The model evolved from a drug addiction treatment
      system operating in Newark, New Jersey consisting of six different treatment
      centres. Treatment outcome measures are derived from a psychosocial questionnaire
      which was administered to patients at appropriate time intervals. The
      questionnaire probed into the important facets of human behavior as related to
      the use or non-use of drugs for non-medical reasons. Gompertz curves reflecting
      treatment benefit are computed for each treatment center by least square fit of
      the collected data to appropriate differential equations and used together with
      cost of treatment and treatment retention rates to compute expected net benefit
      for each treatment center. These enable the researcher to find the treatment
      centers with the best treatment outcome or alternately with the best expected
      cost benefit ratio for any patient type.

PMID- 6818690
TI  - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections].

PMID- 6818691
TI  - [Oracillin for phenoxymethylpenicillin)].

PMID- 6818692
TI  - Production of a colony-inhibitory factor by ethylamine in continuous, long-term
      marrow culture.
AB  - The effect of ethylamine (EA), a simple alkylamine, on continuous, long-term
      marrow culture was studied in the mouse. EA reduced the granulocyte-monocyte
      progenitor cell (CFU-c) activity in the supernatant of these cultures in a dose
      dependent fashion. This inhibitory effect persisted even after the EA was
      completely removed from the culture. Moreover, the cell-free supernatant showed
      inhibitory activity on the growth of CFU-c using freshly isolated target cell.
      This inhibitory effect also persisted after the EA was completely removed from
      the culture. Thus, EA appeared to induce changes in these cultures not only by
      interfering with their potential to maintain the CFU-c but also by releasing a
      factor in the supernatant that was inhibitory to the CFU-c growth derived from
      fresh bone marrow. Electron microscopy indicated profound alterations in
      lysosomal structures. The selective accumulation of this weakly basic substance
      in the lysosomes may lead to elaboration and release of a colony-inhibitory
      factor in the supernatant. This effect of EA appears to be independent of its
      effect on receptor-mediated endocytosis.

PMID- 6818695
TI  - [Effect of different lectins on the activity of the alternate pathway of
      complement].

PMID- 6818693
TI  - Demonstration of major histocompatibility complex restriction in man using an
      antigen-specific proliferating T cell clone.
AB  - An antigen-specific, proliferating T cell clone was obtained by soft agar cloning
      from peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) of a normal human volunteer
      immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). In addition to antigen,
      presenting cells from donors histocompatible at the HLA-D locus were required to
      stimulate a proliferative response by this clone. Although the donor of the T
      cell clone was heterozygous at the HLA-D locus (DRw2/6Y), only PBML from the one
      parent and random donors possessing DRw2 would support a proliferative response
      to KLH. PBML from the DRw6Y-bearing parent and other DRw6Y-bearing random donors
      would not present KLH. This result demonstrates unequivocally that the phenomenon
      of major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen recognition by T
      lymphocytes is operative in man.

PMID- 6818694
TI  - [The distribution of drugs between plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid in the
      human].

PMID- 6818696
TI  - [Immunological quantitation of proteins of haematologic importance by means of
      laser nephelometry. II. Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase].

PMID- 6818697
TI  - [Standardization of the technic for the dosage of F. VIII: C (in a single step).
      Multicenter study of its reproducibility with participation of 23 Spanish
      hospitals. Phase II].

PMID- 6818698
TI  - [Nucleoside phosphorylase activity in normal lymphocytes and in
      lymphoproliferative diseases].

PMID- 6818699
TI  - [A study on the eventual necessity of bone-marrow transplantation in Spain.
      Application of epidemiological methods to health-care planning].

PMID- 6818700
TI  - [Bence-Jones myeloma with bilateral pleural effusion and plasma-cell leukaemia.
      Presence of the M component in pleural and cerebro-spinal fluids].

PMID- 6818701
TI  - [Inhibitors suppression in hemophilia A with continued treatment of factor VIII].

PMID- 6818703
TI  - [Economic effect of rehabilitation in heart diseases: principles, methods and the
      problems of evaluation].

PMID- 6818702
TI  - [Results of trials of limiting the size of the focal lesion in myocardial infarct
      infarct by drugs].

PMID- 6818704
TI  - [Use of nitroglycerin for establishing cardiovascular system function in
      different pathogenetic forms of hypertension].

PMID- 6818705
TI  - Cyclopia: an anatomic and histologic study of two specimens.
AB  - The craniofacial complex of two neonatal, human, cyclopic specimens was studied
      in detail. Both specimens exhibited a single ocular opening and one had a
      prominent probosics positioned in the midline directly superior to the ocular
      aperture. No external nasal development was noted in the other specimen. The most
      remarkable finding was the lack of development of all skeletal derivatives of the
      ethmoidal cartilage(cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, superior and middle
      nasal conchae, medial orbital walls, and nasal septal cartilage) in both
      specimens. Since these bones normally form the medial, lateral, and superior
      walls of the nasal passage, this cavity was also absent. The two posterior halves
      of the maxillae were directed superiorly, medially, and with the vomer merged in
      the midline as a thick mass of bone. As a result the right and left alveolar
      portions of the maxillae were joined superiorly in the midline. With the absence
      of the nasal cavity, the right and left medial pterygoid plates merged medially
      with the palatal and pyramidal processes of the palatine bone to obstruct the
      junction between the oropharynx and nasopharynx(choanal atresia). The role of the
      skeletal parts of the ethmoid during maxillofacial growth and development is
      discussed.

PMID- 6818706
TI  - Acquisition, spread, and control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cardiothoracic
      intensive care unit.
AB  - The isolation rate and spread of infection and colonisation with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit was studied over two and a
      half years. The overall acquisition rate was low (2.68%) and was concentrated in
      the group of patients undergoing prolonged intensive care (over seven days).
      Although some cross-infection from long-stay to short-stay patients occurred in
      1978 and 1979, when cubicle isolation was inadequate, acquisition of Ps
      aeruginosa was confined to the long-stay group when isolation facilities became
      sufficient. Further study of the long-stay patients disclosed two factors--use of
      broad-spectrum antibiotics and tracheostomy--significantly associated with
      acquisition of Ps aeruginosa. The possible uses of the results obtained and the
      particular relevance of a policy of narrow-spectrum chemoprophylaxis for open
      heart surgery are discussed.

PMID- 6818709
TI  - A new constellation: females with concomitant von Willebrand's disease and
      carriership for factor VIII.

PMID- 6818707
TI  - Dose-response study of sodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind dose
      response study comparing the protective effect of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in
      increasing concentrations from 2 to 40 mg/ml. Saline was used as a control.
      Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory
      volume in one second (FEV1) after the patients had run on a treadmill for eight
      minutes. There was slight bronchodilation evident from the increase in baseline
      FEV1 after inhalation of sodium cromoglycate, the difference reaching statistical
      significance with the highest concentration (5.7%, p less than 0.05). After
      exercise the maximal percentage falls in FEV1 (means and SEM) after saline and
      after sodium cromoglycate at 2, 10, 20, and 40 mg/ml were 37.3 +/- 4.7, 17.3 +/-
      4.1, 10 +/- 3.3, 7.6 +/- 2.4, and 12 +/- 2.9. Sodium cromoglycate inhibited the
      exercise-induced fall in FEV1 at all the concentrations used in the study (p less
      than 0.001) and its inhibitory effect increased from 2 to 20 mg/ml. The mean FEV1
      returned to baseline values within 15 minutes at higher concentrations of sodium
      cromoglycate (20 and 40 mg/ml) and a small bronchodilator effect was noted at 30
      minutes. The findings suggest that the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate
      in exercise asthma is dose related. At higher concentration the drug suppresses
      chemical mediator release from the lung mast cells and may also modify the
      bronchial reactivity to release mediators.

PMID- 6818708
TI  - Platelet arachidonic acid metabolism in severe cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - The ability of platelets to synthetise thromboxane B2 and hydroxylated fatty
      acids from arachidonic acid was studied simultaneously with arachidonic acid
      induced aggregation in 42 patients suffering from severe cerebral atherosclerosis
      and also in 34 healthy controls. Additionally, phospholipase-A2-induced
      aggregation was performed as a probe for arachidonic acid located at the platelet
      surface. All the assays were performed with washed platelets, eliminating a
      possible influence of plasma. Platelets from patients were found responsive to
      significantly lower concentrations of arachidonic acid whereas thromboxane and
      hydroxylated fatty acid biosynthesis did not differ from controls. In the
      experimental conditions used, 75% of the control platelets underwent aggregation
      with phospholipase A2 plus sphingomyelinase C, in comparison to only 50% for the
      patients, indicating the necessity for further analysis of the platelet membrane
      lipids in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6818710
TI  - The effect of sulphinpyrazone on whole blood thromboxane and prostacyclin
      generation in man.
AB  - A new method, based on the observation that leukocytes contain PGI2-synthetase
      activity, was used to measure the effect of pharmacological levels of
      sulphinpyrazone on the TXA2 and PGI2 production in whole blood. Four human
      volunteers took 400 mg sulphinpyrazone twice daily for 5 1/2 days. Blood was
      drawn before the study started, 3-4 h after the initial dosage, 12 h after the
      10th dosage on the 5th day, and 3-4 h after the 11th (final) dosage on the 6th
      day. Collagen was added to the citrated blood samples to stimulate prostaglandin
      production. Aliquots were removed at regular intervals and TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha measured by radioimmunoassay. The production of PGI2 was significantly
      inhibited in all the samples collected after sulphinpyrazone intake (p less than
      0.01). The production of TXA2 was significantly inhibited only in the samples
      collected 3-4 h after sulphinpyrazone intake on the 6th day (p less than 0.01).
      These results confirmed the cyclooxygenase inhibitory action of sulphinpyrazone
      and also showed that in the whole blood system, PGI2 production was more
      effectively inhibited than TXA2 production.

PMID- 6818711
TI  - In vitro effect of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus on tissue thromboplastin
      from different species.
AB  - Purified phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus caused a significant loss in the
      procoagulant activity of thromboplastin preparations from man, rabbit, sheep,
      cow, rat and mouse. However, marked differences were observed with respect to the
      degree of inactivation. Rat, mouse, bovine and one type of rabbit preparations
      (prepared from acetone powdered brain) were markedly more sensitive to attack by
      phospholipase C than were preparations of human, sheep and standard rabbit
      preparations. The relative amounts of the individual phospholipids in
      thromboplastin preparations showed only minor variations among the species. The
      effect of phospholipase C on each of these phospholipids in the various
      thromboplastin preparations showed some significant differences.

PMID- 6818712
TI  - A new B-cell alloantigen, TB21, coded for in the HLA-D/DR region.
AB  - A new B-cell alloantigen, designated as TB21, was serologically defined by 2
      monospecific sera, T383 and T2200. Both T383 and T2200 had cytotoxic titers of
      1:8 against TB21 positive B cells and were highly correlated to each other (r =
      0.876). The phenotype frequency of TB21 was approximately 55% in the Japanese
      population. TB21 was strongly associated with DRw9 and weakly with DR5, but was
      definitely distinct from the known supertypic specificities such as MT or MB
      antigens. Family studies showed that TB21 segregated with different DR antigens
      on different haplotypes, indicating that TB21 is coded for by a gene at a closely
      linked but distinct locus from HLA-DR. Furthermore, TB21 was preferentially
      detected on B cells but not on monocytes by complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
      Failure of detection of TB21 on monocytes further distinguished the TB21 antigen
      from DR and MT antigens. Results of this study suggest that there exist 2 kinds
      of B-cell alloantigens coded in the HLA region: DR and MT antigens, and other B
      cell alloantigens represented by TB21.

PMID- 6818713
TI  - HLA antigen associations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Histocompatibility antigen testing has been carried out in 20 unrelated
      normotensive English Caucasoids with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in 17
      relatives, six of whom also had the disease. A strong association with the HLA
      DRw6 antigen complex was found (P = 0.0036) but it was no longer significant
      after correction for the 52 antigens tested (P = 0.1701).

PMID- 6818714
TI  - HLA antigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and antibodies to native type
      II collagen.

PMID- 6818715
TI  - HLA-DR and monoclonal gammopathy.
AB  - The frequencies of the HLA-DR antigens were compared in 3 groups: a group of 33
      patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or Morbus Waldenstrom (MW): a group of 34
      persons with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG); and a group of 118 healthy
      controls. No statistically significant associations were observed.

PMID- 6818717
TI  - Acute toxicity in guinea pigs and rabbits of soot from a polychlorinated biphenyl
      containing transformer fire.

PMID- 6818716
TI  - Gossypol as oral contraceptive for male: trial case report.
AB  - Gossypol has been used as oral contraceptive for man in People's Republic of
      China. There are also some reports of studies in which gossypol acetic acid is
      used in animal experiments. In this study we used tablet preparation of gossypol,
      which is actually used as oral contraceptive for male in People's Republic of
      China, on a volunteer. The administration of 20 mg/day gossypol tablets for 19
      days resulted in a tendency of decreasing sperm density and total sperm count,
      but had no effect on serum LH, FSH, PRL or testosterone. Furthermore, the
      volunteer had no complaints of side effects and his general laboratory findings
      were normal. Ten days after the termination of gossypol administration, sperm
      density returned to its preadministrative level. Our study suggests gossypol may
      be effective as a male oral contraceptive with no acute side effect.

PMID- 6818718
TI  - Different response of liver parenchymal cells from starved and fed rats to
      cadmium.
AB  - The susceptibility of hepatocytes to the deleterious effects of cadmium (10-100
      microM Cd), as evidenced by SH-group content and cell membrane permeability for
      Trypan Blue (TB), was shown to be strongly dependent on the dietary condition of
      the donor animal. Although Cd stimulated lipid peroxidation (LPO) equally well in
      "starved" as in "fed cells", SH-group content and TB-exclusion decreased markedly
      only in "starved" cells exposed to Cd. Experiments with methionine + serine
      and/or the antioxidant (+)-cyanidanol-3 suggested that the Cd-dependent LPO
      proceeded independent of the decrease in SH-group content or TB-exclusion.

PMID- 6818719
TI  - Respiratory and metabolic response of rats and mice to formalin vapor.
AB  - The irritant effect of repeated inhalation exposure to vapors of aqueous formalin
      (formaldehyde concentration, 15 ppm) in male Charles River CD rats and male
      C57BL6/F1 mice was determined. The data suggest that rats are relatively
      insensitive to this irritant while mice are substantially more sensitive, the
      latter showing a comparable reduction in tidal volume, but a greater decrease in
      respiratory rate and, as a consequence, minute volume. CO2 production, a
      reflection of total metabolism, as well as body temperature, were decreased to a
      greater extent in mice than in rats. The decreased minute ventilation and
      associated decrease in temperature, responses occurring to a greater extent in
      the mouse, may decrease both the net formaldehyde dose as well as the toxic
      actions of formaldehyde that are dependent on systemic metabolic activity.

PMID- 6818720
TI  - Hydrolysis and hepatotoxicity of retronecine diesters.
AB  - Rates of alkaline hydrolysis of 18 natural or semisynthetic pyrrolizidine
      alkaloids, all retronecine diesters, have been compared. Steric hindrance around
      the ester groups was the major factor inhibiting hydrolysis. Relative rates of
      hydrolysis by esterases in a rat liver homogenate were also dependent on steric
      hindrance. However, in a series of less hindered esters with unbranched acids,
      hydrolysis rates increased with chain length to a maximum for the valeryl
      diester. Enzymic hydrolysis of retronecine di-isovalerate occurred primarily at
      the allylic 9-ester group. The results supported the view that a factor
      contributing to the lower hepatoxicity of semisynthetic retronecine diesters
      compared with some natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids, is their greater
      susceptibility to detoxication by hydrolysis.

PMID- 6818722
TI  - Protection against free radical formation by protein bound iron.
AB  - Naturally occurring protein-bound and artificially chelated iron have been
      evaluated for their catalytic effect in promoting hydroxyl radical (X OH)
      formation from H2O2 decomposition and on epinephrine autooxidation. Iron bound to
      ferritin and transferrin did not increase X OH formation or epinephrine
      autooxidation, whereas iron equivalents of Fe-EDTA considerably augmented those
      processes. After rigorous removal of contaminating trace iron, X OH can be
      detected at concentrations of 1.0 microM Fe3+ or 2-5 microM H2O2. Although other
      forms of iron found physiologically might cause considerable oxidative damage
      through mechanisms similar to that of Fe-EDTA, our studies indicate considerable
      mitigation of such toxicity in ferritin and transferrin, which constitute major
      forms of transport and storage of iron in vivo.

PMID- 6818721
TI  - Chronic toxic effects of the carbamate pesticide sevin on carbohydrate metabolism
      in a freshwater snakehead fish, Channa punctatus.
AB  - The effect of exposure to a sublethal concentration of the carbamate pesticide,
      sevin (1.05 mg/l), on biochemical parameters of blood, liver and muscle, and
      enzyme activities in liver, kidney, intestine, brain, gills, and muscles of the
      freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus, was studied after 15, 30 and 60 days.
      The alterations produced were more marked after 30 and 60 days of exposure than
      after 15 days; fish were hyperglycaemic and hyperlactacidemic. Glycogen content
      of liver and muscles decreased, but lactic acid levels of the two tissues
      increased. In liver, muscles, brain and gills the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      activity was higher in pesticide-exposed fish in comparison to control fish, but
      the same enzyme activity was inhibited in kidney and intestine. Decreased
      pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity occurred in all six tissues. Succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH) activity decreased in muscle at the three time periods and
      after 30 and 60 days in liver and brain. However, in kidney and intestine the
      latter enzyme activity was elevated. The results suggest that anaerobic
      metabolism was favoured and aerobic oxidation of pyruvate was impaired in fish
      exposed to sevin.

PMID- 6818724
TI  - Affinity labeling of rat liver microsomal NADH-5 alpha-reductase with a
      nucleoside analogue.
AB  - A time dependent irreversible loss of rat liver microsomal NADH-5 alpha-reductase
      activity is caused by incubation of microsomes with the nucleoside 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSA). The decrease of activity is dependent on
      FSA concentration and shows first order kinetics. Presence of NADH partially
      stabilizes the NADH-5 alpha-reductase. Thioglycerol present before incubation
      prevents loss of activity, and stops decrease of activity when added during
      incubation. NADPH-5 alpha-reductase (E.C. 1.3.1.4) and NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase (E.C. 1.6.2.4) are not influenced while NADH-cytochrome c reductase
      (E.C. 1.6.99.3) is inhibited by FSA. Evidently FSA causes inactivation of the
      enzymes by binding to the NADH-binding site. Affinity labeling by FSA thus
      clearly distinguishes between NADH- and NADPH-dependent 5 alpha-reductases from
      rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 6818723
TI  - [Inflammatory processes of the mandible in children with predominant hyperplastic
      reactions].

PMID- 6818725
TI  - [Oral endosseous implantation].

PMID- 6818726
TI  - [Cost/use-analysis of prevention. Contribution of the dental hygienist].

PMID- 6818728
TI  - [Marc Frey, the new President of the Swiss Dental Society].

PMID- 6818727
TI  - [3 new preparations that are harmless to teeth. When will there be a medicinal
      syrup?].

PMID- 6818729
TI  - [Non-precious metals in dental prosthetics (prosthetic frameworks,
      metalloceramics). The 3rd annual Congress of the Prosthodontic Society of
      Switzerland].

PMID- 6818731
TI  - [The first Swiss milk chocolate that is harmless to teeth].

PMID- 6818732
TI  - [Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE). The Dental School Clinic at
      the University of Berne was host for the first anniversary of ADEE in
      Switzerland].

PMID- 6818730
TI  - [On the concepts "harmless to teeth" and "sugar-free"].

PMID- 6818733
TI  - Determination of unbound valproic acid concentration in plasma by equilibrium
      dialysis and gas--liquid chromatography: methodological aspects and observations
      in epileptic patients.
AB  - An equilibrium dialysis technique for the separation of the free (unbound)
      concentration of valproic acid (VPA) in plasma is described together with a
      sensitive gas chromatographic assay for the quantitative determination of the
      drug in the dialysate. The overall coefficient of variation of the method was
      below 10%. By using a high permeability membrane, equilibration of the drug
      between the plasma and the buffer compartments was obtained after about 45 min at
      37 degrees C. With this dialysis time, dilutional changes in the plasma
      compartment were negligible and there was no significant change in the plasma
      free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. No passage of protein into the buffer
      solution was detected. When dialysis was prolonged for up to 4 h, a significant
      elevation in plasma FFA (with a corresponding rise in free VPA fraction) was
      observed. Storage of plasma samples at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 degrees
      C for 8 h or longer before dialysis also resulted in an increased value of free
      VPA fraction and FFA concentration. The two effects were significantly
      correlated. The free fraction of VPA was found to increase with increasing total
      plasma concentration. This effect was observed both in vitro and in vivo in the
      plasma of 91 patients receiving chronic VPA therapy. The methodological problems
      of using equilibrium dialysis techniques for determining the free fraction of VPA
      are highlighted.

PMID- 6818734
TI  - Long-term results of renal transplantation in recipients with a functioning graft
      for 2 years.
AB  - The late results of renal transplantation are reviewed in 214 recipients with a
      functioning allograft for 2 years. Graft survival was better (P less than 0.001)
      in living related recipients (t 1/2 = 17 years) compared with cadaver graft
      recipients (t 1/2 = 7.7 years). Graft survival was also significantly different
      (P less than 0.001) in patients with a 2-year serum creatinine level of less than
      or equal to 2.0 (t 1/2 = 16.4 years), 2.1 to 3.0 (t 1/2 = 6.5 years), or greater
      than 3.0 mg/dl (t 1/2 = 2.9 years). A greater proportion of patients with a 2
      year serum creatinine level of greater than 3 mg/dl had experienced greater than
      two rejection episodes (P less than 0.0001). Among recipients with a 2-year serum
      creatinine level of less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl, living related grafts
      achieved better graft survival than cadaver grafts (P less than 0.05). Major
      complications of transplantation were more common in patients with a cadaver
      graft, 2-year serum creatinine level of greater than 3 mg/dl, or age greater than
      45 years. One hundred and forty-two patients are currently alive, 93% of whom
      have achieved complete rehabilitation.

PMID- 6818735
TI  - Feasibility of optimal HLA-DR matching. A retrospective view.

PMID- 6818736
TI  - Depressed graft-versus-host reactivity of blood leukocytes from rats bearing
      passively enhanced long-term surviving renal allografts.

PMID- 6818737
TI  - Combined immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A and azathioprine. A
      synergistic effect in three of four experimental models.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (Cy A) by itself is limited in its clinical application by its dose
      related liver and kidney toxicity. Combining Cy A with prednisone allows lower
      doses of Cy A to be used, but the side effects of steroids are cumulative. Thus,
      we tested the effect of Cy A and various drug-dose combinations with azathioprine
      (AZA) in four different models. The one that gave the best results with the least
      toxicity was 1.25 mg of Cy A plus 15 mg of AZA for islet allotransplantation in
      rats across a minor histocompatibility barrier and for heterotopic heart
      allotransplantation in rats across a major histocompatibility barrier. In the
      latter, using the same strain of rats, no significant effect can be shown in rat
      pancreas allotransplantation. In canine renal allografts, only one dose
      combination (5 mg of Cy A plus 2.5 mg of AZA) was tested, but it was synergistic.
      Cy A may potentiate the myelosuppressive effect of AZA, and the dose may have to
      be adjusted to avoid this problem.

PMID- 6818738
TI  - Improved patient and primary renal allograft survival in uremic diabetic
      recipients.
AB  - From January 1968 to December 1981, 470 uremic diabetic patients received primary
      renal allografts at the University of Minnesota. Until 1979, the patient and
      graft survival rates were less good in diabetic than in nondiabetic recipients.
      Since 1979, the results in diabetics have been at least equal to those achieved
      in nondiabetic patients. Two-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates in
      diabetic renal allograft recipients were, respectively, 71 and 66% from 1968 to
      1976 (n = 156), 78 and 64% from 1976 to 1979 (n = 187), and 88 and 82% from 1979
      to 1981 (n = 127). Improved survival rates were seen in all donor source and
      recipient age categories. For comparison, the 2-year patient and graft survival
      rates in nondiabetic renal allograft recipients who received transplants between
      1979 and 1981 (n = 162) were 92 and 79%. Changes associated with improved
      survival rates included performance of pretransplant splenectomy on all patients
      except those receiving grafts from HLA-identical siblings, deliberate
      transfusions of blood from greater than or equal to 5 random donors at least 1
      month before transplantation, intensive insulin therapy for diabetic management
      post-transplant, and less vigorous treatment of repetitive rejection episodes.
      The current results show that diabetic recipients are no longer at higher risk
      than nondiabetics for graft or patient loss, at least during the first 2 years
      after transplantation.

PMID- 6818739
TI  - Late mortality and morbidity in recipients of long-term renal allografts.
AB  - The experience of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital with 217 renal allografts
      functioning for more than 5 years is reviewed. Patient and graft survival were
      similar after 5 years, with patient survival being 88 and 66% at 10 and 15 years,
      respectively, and graft survival 85 and 75% at the same time intervals. Actuarial
      graft survival at 15 years was higher than patient survival because death with a
      functioning graft was not considered to be graft failure. No differences in
      patients or graft survival were found between living related and cadaver donor
      allografts. There were 33 deaths (15.2%), occurring from 5 1/2 to 20 1/2 years
      post-transplantation. Chronic liver failure and sepsis were the most common
      causes of death. Thirty-two patients (14.7%) lost their grafts after 5 years,
      most commonly from chronic rejection. Another 33 patients (15.2%) had evidence of
      graft dysfunction secondary to chronic rejection, recurrent glomerulonephritis,
      ureteral obstruction, or renal artery stenosis. Chronic rejection was generally
      not responsive to alterations in immunosuppressive medication. Complications of
      varying severity were common affecting 204 (94%) of the patients. The most
      frequent were hypertension, cataracts, avascular necrosis, malignancy, urinary
      tract infection, and pneumonia. These data demonstrate that transplant-related
      mortality and morbidity continue to occur in recipients of long-term renal
      allografts. These patients require careful and continuing care in medical centers
      experienced in transplantation.

PMID- 6818740
TI  - Effect of DR matching on rejection in first cadaver kidney transplantation.

PMID- 6818741
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of protozoan parasites in Caribbean livestock--a
      review.

PMID- 6818742
TI  - [Digestive tolerance and weight increase of severely malnourished patients on
      isocaloric diets with and without lactose].

PMID- 6818743
TI  - [1882-1982: Robert Koch. An indictment against tuberculosis].

PMID- 6818744
TI  - [Rhesus immunization. A review from the East Denmark region during the period
      1976-1981].

PMID- 6818745
TI  - [Bladder diverticulum, a congenital disease of children and adults].
AB  - Genetically all diverticula are congenital and arise from the zone between
      trigone and detrusor which is susceptible to embryonal disturbances. The climax
      of the morbidity is in the first and sixth decennium. In both cases, the
      diverticulum is caused by infravesical obstruction which is congenital in the
      first group and acquired in the second. The morbidity in the male patient is
      characteristically higher than in the female. Morphologically, we differentiate
      between small, medium sized and large diverticula with a gradually increasing
      morbidity, depending on the size of the diverticulum and involvement of the
      ipsilateral ureter. The musculature of the diverticular wall is deficient.
      Pathophysiologically, the growth of a diverticulum depends on three stimuli: an
      intrinsic one, the exposure to micturitional pressures and a coincidental
      infravesical obstruction. The micturition has lost its efficiency and is
      incomplete. The urine in the diverticulum empties incompletely into the urinary
      bladder. Correlated pathologies include reflux and tendencies towards chronic
      inflammation and malignant degeneration. Therapeutically, an endoscopic incision
      of a narrow diverticular neck should be considered first. If this is not
      sufficient diverticulectomy should be considered next and this is the treatment
      of choice for large diverticula. No treatment is necessary for small diverticula.
      If a paraostial diverticulum in children causes reflux of marked degree, the
      reflux should be operated on by an extravesical approach, sinking the
      diverticulum into the urinary bladder and eliminating the diverticulum this way.

PMID- 6818746
TI  - [Congenital diverticulosis of the appendix in a 13-year-old girl].

PMID- 6818747
TI  - [Concentration of progesterone and thyroxine in the luteal phase of the cycle in
      heifers after administration of estradiol benzoate].
AB  - The effect of current 48-hour infusion of estradiol benzoate (EB) on the dynamics
      of the concentration of progesterone (P) and thyroxine (T4) was studied in four
      heifers in the luteal stage of their cycle. The parameters were evaluated in
      three intervals: infusion (A), post-infusion (B) and "uninfluenced" interval (C).
      In the course of infusion the concentrations of P in three animals had a markedly
      descending tendency. The P concentration increase in the 36th hour of infusion
      was maintained also during the post-infusion interval. The decrease in P in the
      third, "uninfluenced", interval was replaced by a new rise towards the end. One
      heifer showed an increase in P concentrations at the beginning of EB infusion. A
      decrease was recorded towards the end of the interval. The concentration
      decreased in the post-infusion period. A comparatively high concentration of P in
      the "uninfluenced" interval was again replaced by a drop towards the end in the
      286th hour. The concentration of T4 in three heifers had a descending tendency in
      the infusion and post-infusion intervals. The decrease in the infusion interval
      was more pronounced. In the "uninfluenced" interval the T4 concentrations
      increased step by step. In one heifer the concentration of T4 slightly increased
      during infusion. A decrease was recorded in the post-infusion and "uninfluenced"
      interval. Rectal examination in the 172nd hour revealed the original corpus
      luteum in three animals and the production of the corpus luteum in the same ovary
      was found in this period in one heifer. In the 88th hour this animal showed
      clinical manifestations of oestrus. On the basis of the dynamics of the studied
      hormones and clinical studies, the thyroid hormones can be regarded as an
      important secondary factor involved in the permanent cyclic changes in
      reproduction process.

PMID- 6818750
TI  - [The incidence of Cryptosporidium sp. in emergency slaughtered calves and the
      excretion of oocysts of this protozoan by calves on 2 farms in the South Bohemian
      Region].

PMID- 6818748
TI  - [Levels of testosterone and 17-beta estradiol in the seminal plasma of bulls and
      boars].
AB  - The levels of testosterone (T) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) in seminal plasma were
      determined by the direct RIA method with tritium-labelled testosterone and 17
      beta-estradiol. Testosterone was determined in 47 ejaculates and E2 in 132
      ejaculates of seven bulls whose age ranged from 10 to 26 months, and in 60
      ejaculates of two breeding boars old 20 months. The seminal plasma of bulls was
      found to contain 2.09 +/- 1.67 nmol/l testosterone and 2.75 +/- 1.94 nmol/l E2.
      Without respect to the age of the sires, the marginal values of the studied
      steroids showed a comparatively high fluctuation so that the average values are
      not very different between individual animals. No relation was found between the
      level of steroids and the concentration of fructose; this applies to the fertile
      bulls as well as to the bull suffering from epididymitis with the formation of
      epididymal cysts. Breeding boars had 0.338 nmol/ E2 (+/- 0.3) and 6.40 +/- 4.01
      nmol/l testosterone in their seminal plasma. When the obtained values are
      recalculated to an average ejaculate volume, 5 ml of the seminal plasma of bulls
      will contain about 0.013 nmol E2 and 0.010 nmol T and 300 ml of the seminal
      plasma of boars will contain about 0.101 nmol E2 and 1.920 nmol T.

PMID- 6818749
TI  - [Determination of the digestibility of lignocellulose material using the bag
      (nylon bag) method].
AB  - A trial was performed on wethers to study the digestibility of various
      lignocellulose materials (LCM) by the nylon bag method. The animals were fed good
      meadow hay ad lib. with unlimited access to water and mineral lick. The trial
      showed that LCM digestibility was not influenced by different weights of
      substrate sample. However, digestibility increased with the time for which the
      LCM were left to ferment in rumen. Almost 90% or more dry matter of the different
      substrates (pure sulphate cellulose, barley straw and treated beech sawdust) was
      digested within 48-hour fermentation in rumen. The situation is similar when the
      substrates are left to ferment in vitro for 96 hours. The high correlation
      coefficients calculated from the digestibility values of the substrates in vitro
      and in vivo testify to this fact. The only exception is untreated beech sawdust
      in which no such a high correlation was found, mainly owing to its low
      digestibility. However, this should be verified in other kinds of untreated wood
      (aspen, maple, ash), but with a higher digestibility. It should be stated that
      silk with a 50 mu mesh is the best material for the production of the bags.

PMID- 6818751
TI  - [Changes in the number of T and B lymphocytes in the blood of pigs after
      experimental ascaridiosis].
AB  - The changes in the number of the T and B dependent cells in the peripheral blood
      were studied after experimental invasion of piglets (live weight 8-10 kg) with
      the eggs of Ascaris suum (50 000 eggs per piglet). The detection of both cell
      populations by two rosette methods (E and EAC) showed that their first rise set
      in on the third day from invasion. The maximum occurrence of the T and B cells
      was recorded 17 days from invasion; on the 20th day from invasion their number
      returned to the initial level. At the same time, the test animals were studied as
      to the white component of their blood picture. The results of the haematological
      study were found to show a direct relationship with the results of the rosette
      methods. It follows from the study that in the specific host the susceptibility
      of the T and B lymphoid cells to the antigenic signal starts already in the early
      stage of invasion.

PMID- 6818752
TI  - [Study of cheeses for the presence of sterigmatocystin].
AB  - Sixty-six samples of hard cheeses (Edam Block, Edam Cake, Svetlan, Moravian
      Block, Emmenthal), taken from retail shops, were examined by the chromatographic
      method using thin silica-gel layer. Three samples were positive. It was
      demonstrated by semiquantitative examination that two samples of Edam Cake
      contained 7.5 and 17.5 micrograms of sterigmatocystine in kg and one sample of
      Moravian Block contained 7.5 micrograms/kg. The described method is very simple
      and is recommended to be used by food-control institutions for the practical
      examination of cheese for the presence of sterigmatocystine.

PMID- 6818753
TI  - Heavy sarcocystosis in the ocular musculature of cattle and buffaloes.
AB  - A high prevalence of 71.5 per cent and 69.7 per cent of sarcocystosis was
      observed in the ocular musculature of cattle and buffaloes respectively, in
      Bihar, India. The concentration of cysts in the eye muscle was also usually
      heavy. Ocular musculature appears to be a preferred site for the development of
      Sarcocystis in these intermediate hosts, second only to the heart muscle. The
      species of Sarcocystis involved in the present study were morphologically
      indistinguishable from S. cruzi in cattle and S. levinei in buffaloes. This
      appears to be the first report on the occurrence of S. cruzi and S. levinei in
      ocular musculature.

PMID- 6818754
TI  - [Effect of different doses of lysine on the free amino acid content of the blood
      serum].
AB  - Investigations were carried out of the effect of various doses of lysine in the
      feed (6, 12, 24, and 30 g per fodder unit) on the amount of the total proteins,
      hemoglobin, and free amino acids in the blood serum. It was found that the free
      amino acids in the blood serum of sheep directly correlated with the content of
      lysine in the diet. The addition of 6 g lysine per fodder unit supplied the most
      adequate amount of amino acids in the body to meet the metabolic requirements.
      The concentration of free lysine in the serum remained at a
      comparatively/relatively constant level (2.5 mg%), the amount of total protein
      and hemoglobin was highest (within the range of the physiologic norms), and the
      general status of the animals proved best. The higher rates of lysine (24 and 30
      g per fodder unit) led to an abrupt change in the concentration of all free amino
      acids in the serum, most strongly being affected glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic
      acid, alanine, and leucin. The amount of free amino acids (lysine) in the blood
      serum rose parallel to the increase in the lysine doses in the ration of sheep.
      At 30 g lysine per fodder unit there was a fivefold rise as against the control
      group.

PMID- 6818756
TI  - [Current problems in prevention of ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 6818755
TI  - [Method of controlling live vaccines against listeriosis].
AB  - Used was Anton's conjunctival test with guinea pigs to control the actual
      immunogenicity and innocuity of a live vaccine against listeriosis. It was found
      that local immunity could be produced following a successive conjunctival
      infection only, initially with the use of a listeriosis vaccine and in not less
      than ten days later with pathogenic strains of the respective serotype. The
      method makes it possible to carry out both titration and control on the equal
      volume ratio of the vaccinal strains of the two serotypes in the vaccine.

PMID- 6818757
TI  - [Administration of Thrombostop in patients with heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 6818758
TI  - [Etiological and clinical features of juvenile arterial hypertension in school
      children].

PMID- 6818759
TI  - [Current coordinates concerning family health education].

PMID- 6818760
TI  - [Home care nurse].

PMID- 6818761
TI  - Effects of unilateral nephrectomy on erythrocytosis and arteriosclerosis induced
      in rats by intrarenal injection of nickel subsulfide.
AB  - Administration of Ni3S2 to rats by unilateral inrarenal (ir) injection (5 mg/rat)
      caused erythrocytosis, arteriosclerosis, and abnormal plasma concentrations of
      asparagine, glycine, histidine, and lysine. Resection of the ipsilateral (Ni3S2
      treated) kidney on the fourth day after the ir injection prevented
      erythrocytosis, amino acid disturbances, and severe arteriosclerotic lesions
      (fibrous intimal plaques and focal medial necrosis), but did not prevent early
      arteriosclerotic lesions (subintimal oedema with splitting of elastica). The
      early arteriosclerotic lesions appear to be initiated by vascular dissemination
      of Ni3S2 particles immediately post-injection, whereas the erythrocytosis, amino
      acid disturbances, and advanced arteriosclerotic lesions depend upon continued
      presence of the Ni3S2-injected kidney. Resection of the contralateral (non
      injected) kidney has no effect upon Ni3S2-induced erythrocytosis,
      arteriosclerosis, or amino acid disturbances. Glomerulomegaly and mesangial
      hyperplasia developed in control rats following unilateral nephrectomy, owing to
      compensatory renal hypertrophy. Glomerulomegaly was more pronounced in Ni3S2
      treated rats following contralateral nephrectomy than following ipsilateral
      nephrectomy, suggesting that erythrocytosis and compensatory renal hypertrophy
      act synergistically to enhance glomerulomegaly.

PMID- 6818762
TI  - Tumor of mesonephric origin in a diverticulum of the urethra. An ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied.
      Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with
      obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated
      that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue
      of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of
      various appearance were found.

PMID- 6818763
TI  - [Immunochemical identification of proteins adsorbed on columns of activated
      charcoal during hemosorption in patients with psoriasis].
AB  - After haemosorption of patients with psoriasis eluates from columns of IGI
      charcoal were tested for presence of 19 main plasma proteins using monospecific
      antisera. Distinct selectivity of protein sorption on IGI charcoal was found due
      to strong adsorption of the proteins responsible for immunity (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3-
      and C4-components of complement) as well as of fibrinogen.

PMID- 6818764
TI  - [Effect of choriogonine on the enzymatic activity of lysosomes in the cirrhotic
      liver in the rat].
AB  - Liver tissue cirrhosis, developed in rats after long-term administration of CCl4,
      led to distinct increase in activities of acid phosphatase, acid DNAase,
      cathepsin D, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase. When the treatment with the
      hepatotropic toxins was stopped activity of lysosomal enzymes decreased slightly
      but was maintained at the high level. Within a day after a single administration
      of choriogonine distinct decrease as compared with the controls in activity of
      all the acid hydrolases studied was found. Within subsequent periods the
      lysosomal enzymes activity continued to decrease and within 2 months after the
      choriogonine treatment it was distinctly lower as compared with control animals.

PMID- 6818765
TI  - [Protein biosynthesis in rat liver subcellular fractions with quantitative and
      qualitative changes in the composition of the carbohydrate component of the
      diet].
AB  - The biosynthesis rate of total proteins of liver subcellular fractions was
      examined in rats kept for 40 days on a high-carbohydrate diet with the use of
      starch, and sucrose from 14C-lysine incorporation. It was shown that the majority
      of subcellular fractions with the exception of the microsomal experienced an
      increase in the rate of protein biosynthesis. Estimation of the protein content
      in the fractions allows the conclusion that enhancement of biosynthesis in
      membrane fractions of external, internal membranes of mitochondria and lysosomes
      is linked with the increased rate of renewability, while in the fraction of
      cytoplasm soluble proteins with induction of numerous enzymes because of the
      increased energy load.

PMID- 6818766
TI  - [Organic pathomorphological changes in animals with dietary infection by food
      products contaminated by Bacillus cereus].
AB  - The authors noticed marked vascular disorders in the capillary system, focal
      hemorrhages, and inflammatory, largely proliferative reactions in the stroma
      coupled with dystrophic and necrotic changes in parenchymal elements. The changes
      were found to be the most pronounced in the intestine, liver, myocardium, and in
      brain tissue. The degree of the lesions depended on the microorganism dosage.
      Provided the food contained 10(9)/g Bac. cereus, the injuring action was recorded
      to be more powerful, which manifested in the increased extent of vascular
      disorders with the hemorrhagic manifestations, thrombus formation in the vessels
      of the brain, heart, lungs, stomach and intestine, augmentation of dystrophic
      changes in organ parenchymal elements.

PMID- 6818767
TI  - [Centenary of Robert Koch's discovery of the causative agent of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6818768
TI  - [Amino acid metabolic disorder in kidney failure (a review of the literature)].

PMID- 6818769
TI  - [Case of the ossification of heart gummas].

PMID- 6818770
TI  - [Latent infection of continuous L23 cells caused by the agent of scrapie].
AB  - Two models of latent infection of continuous L23 cells caused by scrapie agent
      were developed using the method of cell cloning as well as DEAE-dextran and
      lidase preparations. The infectious activity was found only in cell homogenate L
      C and L-506 (cells of clone L23 latently infected with the Compton and C-506
      strains of the scrapie agent). A direct relationship between the infectious
      activity of the cell homogenate and the intensity of brain lesions revealed by
      morphological examinations of brain sections from infected mice was observed. The
      cytoplasm of L-C and L-506 cells became strongly vacuolated, piknosis of the
      nuclei and delay in the cell growth rate were noted. Cytogenetic studies
      established changes in the model class of the experimental cultures as well as
      the appearance of rearranged chromosomes.

PMID- 6818771
TI  - [Maintenance and breeding of Saguinus mystax monkeys in the colony of a
      virological institution].

PMID- 6818772
TI  - [Exogenous zinc deficiency syndrome].
AB  - Two cases of acquired zinc deficiency after excessive bowel resection and total
      pancreatectomy and after total parenteral nutrition are reported. Skin lesions
      include diffuse hair loss and a psoriasis like dermatitis localized mainly at
      acral areas and around body orifices, which disappeared rapidly after oral
      supplementation of zinc sulfate. Clinical symptoms, etiological factors,
      differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

PMID- 6818773
TI  - Development and present status of concentrate therapy for hemophilia and von
      Willebrand's disease.
AB  - A brief review of the current status of treatment of two severe bleeder diseases,
      hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease, with factor VIII concentrate is given.
      The functional activities deficient in the two diseases, antihemophilic factor
      (AHF) or coagulant factor VIII (F. VIII:C) in hemophilia, and the von Willebrand
      factor(s) (vWF; F.VIII R: Ag) in von Willebrand's disease, are present in a very
      large protein moiety of plasma, the macromolecular factor VIII complex. The
      rationale for replacement therapy of hemophilia depends on assessment of the
      severity of a given hemorrhagic episode followed by single, multiple, or
      continuous infusions of factor VIII concentrates sufficient to raise the plasma
      AHF to the hemostatic level (15 - less than 50%, depending on the severity of
      hemorrhage). Prophylactic regimens prevent hemorrhage but are expensive. Despite
      many problems in their use, the success of factor VIII concentrates in
      controlling severe hemorrhage and in preventing crippling by arthropathies is
      evident in many ways including the demand for concentrates, which now exceed the
      economic value of two other main products of plasma fractionation, albumin and
      gamma globulin. The rationale for therapy of von Willebrand's disease is
      dependent on the formation of the hemostatic platelet plug, which includes
      adhesion of platelets to a vascular site of bleeding, followed by platelet
      aggregation to give the hemostatic thrombus. The very large molecular weight
      arrays of the factor VIII complex contained in cryoprecipitate appear needed for
      development of the hemostatic plug. A new test for determining the plasma
      platelet-aggregating vWF, the Botrocetin test, appears superior to the ristocetin
      test. An activator factor in Bothrops snake venom is used. Some prospects for
      improving the factor VIII therapeutic preparations through recombinant DNA
      technology and through altering procedures for fractionation are outlined.

PMID- 6818774
TI  - [Elimination of poisons].
AB  - Therapeutic methods for treating poisoned men are based on the principles of
      intensive care therapy. The elimination of toxins depends on the circulatory
      circumstances; an enhancement of poison elimination can be achieved in providing
      a normal circulation. In the treatment of most cases of poisoning gastric and gut
      lavage will be sufficient. An extracorporeal toxin elimination with hemodialysis
      or hemoperfusion will be reserved for special cases, because of increased
      technical and personal expense and a higher complication rate, compared to other
      methods of treatment in poisoning. Forced diuresis is a simple method, but the
      efficacy is reduced to a small number of substances. Also reduced to certain
      toxins is the method of elimination with hyperventilation.

PMID- 6818775
TI  - Bacterial and viral zoonoses. Report of a WHO Expert Committee with the
      participation of FAO.

PMID- 6818776
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in vitro by rat-liver
      preparations. II. Inhibition by substrates and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to formaldehyde by rat-hepatic
      postmitochondrial supernatant fractions has been compared with the activities of
      several cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase enzymes and the Ziegler
      mixed-function amine oxidase enzyme (EC 1.14.13.8). 2. A variety of monoamine
      oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitors of diverse chemical structure inhibited the
      metabolism of DMN. In parallel studies a number of MAO substrates, but not their
      deaminated products, also inhibited DMN metabolism, whereas substrates of diamine
      oxidase were ineffective. 3. At concentrations which inhibited DMN metabolism
      several MAO substrates and inhibitors did not inhibit the N-oxidation of N, N
      dimethylaniline and an inhibitor and an activator of the Ziegler enzyme had no
      corresponding effect on DMN metabolism. 4. The metabolism of DMN and a number of
      MAO enzyme activities were stable to storage under conditions where mixed
      function oxidase enzymes were not. 5. These results are consistent with the
      suggestion that DMN may, at least in part, be metabolized by hepatic enzyme(s)
      not dependent on cytochrome P-450 and that a microsomal amine oxidase enzyme,
      unrelated to the Ziegler enzyme, may be involved in the hepatic degradation of
      this nitrosamine. The present data does, however, suggest a role for microsomal
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in hepatic DMN metabolism.

PMID- 6818778
TI  - [Activation of protein biosynthesis in outgrowing spores of Bacillus subtilis].
AB  - The programme of protein synthesis as an indicator for the control of gene
      expression was examined during outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores. At various
      stages of outgrowth cells of Bacillus subtilis were labelled with 35S-L
      methionine. Extracted proteins were separated on two-dimensional gels according
      to O'Farrell (1975). Three groups of proteins were synthesized during outgrowth:
      1. During all stages of outgrowth a great number of "vegetative genes" is
      expressed. The programme of protein synthesis of the outgrowing cell is very
      similar to that of a vegetative cell. 2. Only a few proteins--probably the
      products of outgrowth-genes--are synthesized especially in outgrowing spores and
      turned off at different stages of outgrowth. 3. The synthesis of a minor group of
      vegetative proteins is triggered during different stages of outgrowth. In
      contrast to earlier assumptions (comp. Torriani and Levinthal 1967, Hansen et al.
      1970, Galizzi et al. 1976) we suggest that only a small portion of the genome is
      activated during outgrowth as a dependent sequence. These results are discussed
      on the basis of earlier concepts about the regulation of outgrowth as a
      developmentally regulated gene expression programme.

PMID- 6818777
TI  - Transformation of 12-deoxycardenolids with Streptomyces purpurascens.
AB  - Streptomyces purpurascens transforms primary and secondary 12-deoxycardenolids
      into digoxin, 7 beta-hydroxy-digitoxin and 7 beta-hydroxy-digoxin, respectively.
      A metabolic pathway is proposed for cardenolid transformations and the enzymes
      participating in it are investigated. The substrate concentration in the medium
      can be increased by using a water-miscible solvent of electron donor character.
      The newly developed procedure yields 0.5 g/1(-1) of digoxin in a five-day
      fermentation.

PMID- 6818780
TI  - [Effect of food deprivation on acid-base and blood-gas parameters].
AB  - The changes of the acid-base- and blood-gas parameters were continuously measured
      during a two-day food abstinence (but fluid intake free of calories) by means of
      the blood-gas-automaton ABL 1 with the help of 20 test persons. The denutrition
      causes a decrease of the metabolic components and of the pCO2, but not of the
      blood-pH and pO2. The decrease of the concentrations of BE (about 2 mmol/l) as
      well as HCO3 and TCO2 (in each case 2-3 mmol/l) caused by abstain from food are
      no indication for a therapy.

PMID- 6818779
TI  - [Effect of combination therapy of clofibric acid and nicotinic acid derivatives
      on fatty acid metabolism in hyperlipoproteinemia].
AB  - 71 patients (42 males and 29 females at the age of 45-76 years) with primary
      hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with clofibrin acid and derivatives of
      nicotinic acid during 3 years. Gas-chromatographic analyses of the composition of
      fatty acids of their serum cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions showed an
      increase of linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenic acid as well as a
      decrease of palmitinic, palmitoleinic, stearic, oleic and eicosatrienic acid
      under treatment. The changes were more efficient than under monotherapy.
      Selective competitive inhibition of unesterified fatty acid, blocking of
      lipolysis, influence on the hepatogenic metabolism of fatty acids and on the LCAT
      as well as better utilization of the alimentary repeatedly unsaturated fatty
      acids were discussed as possible mechanism. The increase of the polyunsaturated
      fatty acids with their interrelations to the prostaglandin metabolism must be
      seen in the sense of a vasoprotective effect.

PMID- 6818781
TI  - [Significance of partial pressure and pH value of umbilical venous blood and
      umbilical arterial blood in the diagnosis of the condition of the newborn infant
      following early or late cord clamping].
AB  - The condition of the newborn at birth is documented by the Apgar score and by the
      blood gas analysis of the umbilical arterial blood. The question arises whether
      the estimations are still valid if the cord is clamped late. The investigations
      have been performed on 20 newborn at term: 10 babies were clamped late and 10
      immediately after birth. The blood was analysed from both vessels near the
      placenta and the child. The pH, base excess, PCO2 and PO2 showed in both groups
      the expected gradients along the umbilical circulation. There was also no
      difference of these parameters between the two groups of early (EC) and late (LC)
      cord clamping: pH LC 7,26 (SD 0.05), EC 7.32 (SD 0,04)), base excess (LC - 7.7
      meq/1 (SD 2.3); EC -5.2 meq/1 (SD 5.0)), PCO2 (LC 52 mmHg (SD 7); EC 44 mmHg (SD
      6)) and P02 (LC 18 mmHg (SD 3); EC 17 mmHg (SD 3)). From these observations it
      may be concluded that the start of ventilation does not influence the blood gases
      in the umbilical vessels of the late clamped newborn. It may be caused by the
      sudden ceasing of the umbilical circulation at birth.

PMID- 6818782
TI  - [Results and prospects of radiation therapy of malignant tumors].

PMID- 6818783
TI  - [Bone symptoms in Recklinghausen's disease].

PMID- 6818784
TI  - [Immunoserological diagnosis of candidiasis using immunofluorescence and
      immunodiffusion methods].

PMID- 6818785
TI  - [Adhesion zones in the gonococcus].

PMID- 6818786
TI  - [Lipid composition of Neisser's gonococcus].

PMID- 6818787
TI  - [Inhibition with light flashes of negative delta-waves in the rabbit visual
      cortex].
AB  - To elucidate the nature of negative and positive phases of background delta-waves
      (BDW), their interaction with evoked potentials was studied in the rabbit visual
      cortex. BDW appeared after injection of drugs synchronizing ECoG: amyzyl,
      aminozin, barbiturates, and during asphyxia. The flashes evoked slow positive
      responses lasting about 0.5 to 1.0 s. These responses blocked the negative BDW.
      The results of the study and published data suggest that background delta
      activity consists of segments which reflect the desynchronized state and
      correspond to positive BDW, and of segments which reflect active inhibition in
      the cerebral cortex and correspond to negative BDW.

PMID- 6818788
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition in the newborn using peripheral veins: role of I.V.
      nursing team.
AB  - During a six-year period, 109 consecutive neonates were fed intravenously via
      peripheral veins. This report compares two groups of neonates, group A when
      conventional approach of I.V. therapy was utilised, i.e. when junior medical
      staff erected all infusions, and group B when I.V. team nurses were responsible
      for erecting over 90% of infusions. Neonates in group A lost 1528 hours (63.7
      days) or 8.8% of total infusion time. In contrast, patients in group B lost 1303
      hours (54.3 days) or 3.8% of total infusion time (x2 = 23.31; p less than 0.001).
      On completion of course of total parenteral nutrition, 71% of the infants in
      group A maintained or gained weight and 29% lost weight, while in group B 88.2%
      of patients maintained or gained weight and 11.8% lost weight.

PMID- 6818789
TI  - [Effect of hexosamine derivatives on mesenchymal metabolic processes of in vitro
      cultured fetal bone explants].
AB  - The effects of hexosamine derivatives, glucuronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and
      oxyphenbutazone on growth and glycosaminoglycan metabolism of murine fetal bone
      explants cultured for 6 days in vitro were studied. Glucosamine hydrochloride,
      glucosamine hydroiodide and glucosamine sulfate (at concentrations of 100
      micrograms/ml) caused a significant increase in the growth of the explants; this
      effect was not due to an increase in cell multiplication, as can be concluded
      from the DNA content of the explants, but rather to an increase in the
      glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular cartilage matrix. In addition, the three
      glucosamine salts induced an increase in the secretion of glycosaminoglycans from
      the surface of the explants into the culture medium. N-acetylgalactosamine,
      sodium glucuronide and chondroitin sulfate showed lesser or nonsignificant
      effects as compared to the glucosamine derivatives or the controls. Galactosamine
      hydrochloride (100 micrograms/ml) exerted inhibitory actions on the bone
      explants. Oxyphenbutazone (10 micrograms/ml), also, led to a significant
      inhibition of the growth and glycosaminoglycan metabolism of the explants without
      influencing (at this concentration) their DNA content. From the results obtained
      it is concluded that in the treatment of degenerative joint diseases nonsteroidal
      antiphlogistics acting similarly to oxyphenbutazone should be used, if at all, as
      cautiously as possible, whereas drugs with the type of action observed in the
      three glucosamine derivatives could be expected to exert a beneficial effect.

PMID- 6818790
TI  - [Protein binding of gold in serum of patients treated with different gold
      preparations].
AB  - Binding of gold to serum proteins of patients treated with Na-aurothiomalate
      (AM), gold keratinate (GK) and triethylphosphine gold (PG) was compared. In
      addition the pattern of distribution of gold in serum of healthy donors after in
      vitro incubation with these compounds and with tetrachlorogoldacid (GC) was
      studied. Serum specimens were fractionated by gel filtration (Sephadex G 200),
      gold was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, concentration of protein was
      calculated by extinction at 280 nm. After incubation with AM, PG and GC in vitro
      gold binds to serumproteins rapidly and completely (concentration of gold with AM
      and GC about 5 mg/l, with PG about 1 mg/1). The distribution among the protein
      fractions is different, however. With AM and GC 94% of gold is bound to albumin
      and only 6% to globulin. The corresponding figures with PG are 70% respectively
      30%. With GK gold binds not completely to serum proteins in vitro. Even after 24
      hours incubation about 7% are unbound. The affinity to globulin is high with GK
      (20%). On principle the pattern of distribution of gold is the same in vivo. The
      concentration of gold in the serum was almost the same as during the in vitro
      experiments. No unbound gold was found with GK. The affinity to globulin
      increases from AM to GK and especially to PG. The reason for these typical
      patterns are at least in part different metabolic pathways of the gold compounds.
      These findings may explain some differences of efficacy of certain goldcompounds.

PMID- 6818791
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of compliance modification in chronic hemodialysis
      patients].
AB  - After the introduction of a number of measures concerning care of patients and
      changes in the therapy regimen (systematic preparation for dialysis treatment,
      intensive supply of information and active involvement of the patients in their
      treatment, nursing, rearrangement of the dialysis rooms, carrying out of dialysis
      in an armchair etc.) dietary errors in the form of excessive weight increase
      between dialyses have been observed significantly less often. Parallel to this,
      the frequency of hypertonia has been reduced. the aim of therapy is to arouse in
      the patient a consciously responsible and active attitude to his treatment. By
      reducing inconveniences in treatment and in the social environment, it is
      possible to make chronic haemodialysis patients more cooperative and make it
      easier for them to get used to the new way of life. The limiting factor for the
      improvement of compliance is however the patient's personality.

PMID- 6818792
TI  - [New aspects of steroid therapy of glomerulonephritis].
AB  - The results of a 6-month Prednisone therapy (initial 60 mg/d with later reduction
      of dose) are given as the immediate results of therapy (after 6 months in 128
      patients) and as a late result (after 11 years in 107 patients). The course is
      evaluated on the basis of clinical symptoms. The early effect proved to be an
      improvement in 2/3 of all cases, whereby 22% were total remissions. In the late
      results patients with primary total remission showed the best functional results.
      This therapy is justified in nephrotic, proteinuric-hypertonic, purely
      proteinuric and proteinuric-haematuric forms of mesangioproliferative
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6818793
TI  - [Dynamics of enterococcal growth].
AB  - To study the morphology, structure and radial growth of colonies, a model CTJI
      table intended for the study and identification of spectrograms in qualitative
      and semiquantitative spectral analyses can be used in addition to an optical
      biological microscope and a binocular magnifier. Mobile enterococci can be
      sharply differentiated from immobile ones, and Str. faecalis from Str. faecium,
      by the structure of their colonies on a solid medium containing crystalline
      violet and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In some cases enterococcal
      colonies in primary inoculations can be mixed cultures. Under the identical
      conditions of cultivation the growth rate on culture media and the total weight
      of bacterial biomass is lower in mobile enterococci than in immobile ones. These
      signs can be used for the differentiation of mobile and immobile enterococci.

PMID- 6818794
TI  - [Production of the mutant E strain of Rickettsia prowazekii by mutagen exposure].
AB  - The possibility of obtaining the mutants of R. prowazekii, strain E, by exposing
      these organisms to the action of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was studied;
      this substance, used in doses of 5-10 micrograms, showed a mutagenic effect on
      rickettsiae suspended in physiological saline, after their exposure for 10-20
      minutes at 37 degrees C. The mutants thus obtained proved to be resistant to
      erythromycin and rifampicin and were characterized by heterogeneity in the degree
      and stability of their antibiotic resistance. The effectiveness of selection was
      increased if mutagen-treated rickettsiae were selected after the first passage in
      chick embryos. The induced mutants differed from the original rickettsial strain
      by their lower infectiosity for chick embryos.

PMID- 6818795
TI  - [Selective media for isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
AB  - The comparative study of 4 selective media (medium containing N-cetylpyridinium
      chloride, acetamide agar, cetrimide agar, medium containing irgasane) showed that
      their use permitted one to enhance the isolation of P. aeruginosa, especially
      pigment-free forms, from pathological material and to reduce the time of their
      isolation by 24-48 hours. Of all the media subjected to testing medium containing
      N-cetylpyridinium chloride and acetamide medium proved to have the highest
      selectivity.

PMID- 6818796
TI  - [Modern concepts of the structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6818797
TI  - [Optimal inoculation doses of meningococcal chemical polyvalent ABC vaccine for
      immunizing children of various ages and adolescents. I. Safety and reactogenicity
      of different dosages of the preparation].
AB  - The investigation was carried out to study the safety and reactogenicity of
      meningococcal chemical polyvalent (ABC) vaccine with the aim of finding the
      optimum vaccination doses of this vaccine for the immunization of children of
      different age groups. The investigation, carried out in accordance with the
      methodological principles of a strictly controlled epidemiological field trial,
      showed the preparation to be safe, nonreactogenic and to produce no pronounced
      sensitizing effect.

PMID- 6818798
TI  - [Rickettsia prowazekii polypeptide composition and protective antigens].
AB  - Serologically active preparations of R. prowazekii membranes were obtained by the
      lysis of purified R. prowazekii with ether and by differential and gradient
      centrifugation. Purified R. prowazekii and their membranes were analyzed by the
      method of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel. The former contained not less than
      30 proteins with molecular weights of 10 000-169 000 daltons, while the membrane
      preparations contained 5 main polypeptides with molecular weights of 12400,
      21500, 29600, 34000 and 133600 daltons. Antisera obtained after the immunization
      of rabbits with the membrane preparation were found to contain antibodies
      reacting in the complement fixation test and neutralizing rickettsial toxin.

PMID- 6818799
TI  - Photosynthesis in detached rye leaves at normal and low oxygen concentration. I.
      Incorporation of 14CO2 into 2-oxo acids.
AB  - In the leaves of rye plants at the milk maturity stage of grains, the following
      eight 2-oxo acids were detected by catalytic hydrogenolysis of the respective
      dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives: 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate,
      glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, 2-oxoisovalerate, 2-oxo-6-aminocaproate and 2-oxo-5
      guanidinovalerate. Lowering of O2 concentration decreased incorporation of 14CO2
      not only into the intermediates of the glycolate pathway, i.e. glyoxylate and
      hydroxypyruvate but also into other 2-oxo acids. At the same time, the level of
      these 2-oxo acids was much higher than in the leaves photosynthesizing at normal
      O2 concentration. On transfer to the dark for 6 h, the level of most of 2-oxo
      acids was lowered and the differences in specific radioactivity persisted. It
      seems that, under normal conditions, formation of pyruvate, oxaloacetate,
      glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate in the light is closely related to CO2
      assimilation.

PMID- 6818800
TI  - Photosynthesis in detached rye leaves at normal and low oxygen concentration. II.
      Incorporation of 14CO2 into amino acids.
AB  - The pools of Arg, Gly, His, Ile, Ser, Glu, Leu, Val and Asp were lower during
      photosynthesis at 1% O2 concentration. At the same time specific radioactivity of
      a number of amino acids--following 14CO2 incorporation--was different than that
      at atmospheric O2 concentration. This is probably due to the inhibition of the
      photorespiratory nitrogen cycle and the resulting NH+4 deficiency. The pattern of
      response to O2 concentration suggests that in rye plants in the light, all Gly
      and a part of Ser are synthesized by an O2-sensitive pathway, i.e. via the
      glycolate pathway, but most of Ser is probably formed from 3-phosphoglycerate (3
      PGA) via the O2-insensitive pathway. Changes in the pool size and specific
      radioactivity after 6 h incubation in darkness suggest that synthesis of Gly is
      strongly light-dependent, whereas synthesis of Ser was substantial also in
      darkness. The specific radioactivity of Ala, Asp, Ser and Glu indicates that in
      darkness those amino acids are formed from a common precursor, i.e. glycolytic 3
      PGA, and undergo rapid metabolic turnover.

PMID- 6818801
TI  - The resting potential of toad muscle fibres.

PMID- 6818802
TI  - Time course of inhibition of synthesis and basal release of FSH from pituitary
      glands of female rats by bovine follicular fluid in vitro.
AB  - Inhibin-like activity in steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF) is
      demonstrated using an in vitro technique with hemi-pituitary glands from intact
      female (second day of dioestrus) and ovariectomized rats: synthesis as well as
      basal release of FSH, but not of LH, are inhibited profoundly. The results
      confirm and extend data from other investigators on the action of inhibin-like
      material. The effect of the inhibin-like activity is shown to be reversible, as
      synthesis and the rise of basal release are restored when bFF is withdrawn from
      the incubation medium. Synthesis of FSH seems to be inhibited earlier than basal
      release, and it is suggested that the inhibin-like material acts only directly on
      FSH synthesis. Some possibilities of the mechanisms of action of inhibin-like
      activity are discussed.

PMID- 6818803
TI  - Role of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the development of pituitary-thyroid
      axis in four anencephalic infants.
AB  - Anencephaly provides a unique model for studying endocrine functions in absence
      of hypothalamic influence. We previously reported that in anencephalic newborns
      both pituitary TSH-secreting cells and the thyroid were normal and were able to
      function if adequately stimulated. In order to verify if the normal development
      of the pituitary-thyroid axis in these infants depends on TRH of
      extrahypothalamic origin, we measured endogenous TRH levels in the clear fluid of
      a cyst of the cerebro-vasculosa in 4 anencephalic newborns. In these cysts were
      also injected 200 micrograms of synthetic TRH and evaluated TSH response in
      peripheral blood samples. Endogenous TRH was detectable in the cysts of the
      cerebro-vasculosa in 3 of the 4 infants. In all 4 cases serum TSH sharply
      increased after TRH administration. Our data suggest that the normal development
      of the pituitary-thyroid axis in anencephalic infants either requires no TRH or
      depends on extrahypothalamic TRH. In this latter case TRH produced by other areas
      of the central nervous system might be secreted into the cysts of the cerebro
      vasculosa, actively transported to the hypophyseal vessels, and might thus reach
      the pituitary to stimulate TSH-cells growth and function.

PMID- 6818804
TI  - Impaired secretion of TSH in critically ill patients with 'low T4-syndrome'.
AB  - Thyroid and pituitary function was studied in 10 male and 6 patients female
      during critical non-endocrine disease. Low concentrations of TT3 were observed in
      each case. Seven patients out of whom 3 survived, presented with low levels of
      TT4 due to deficiency in TBG in the presence of normal values of FTI and FT4,
      whereas a 'low T4-syndrome', characterized by low concentrations of both TT4 and
      FT4 was seen in 9 patients, 8 of whom died 1 to 16 days after evaluation of
      pituitary function. A diminished response of TSH to iv TRH (400 micrograms), as
      observed in 4 patients with normal FT4 and in all patients with 'low T4
      syndrome', was not accompanied by a concomitant lack in stimulated release of LH,
      FSH and Pr1 in the majority of cases. However, the secretory maximum of LH and
      FSH following stimulation by LRH (100 micrograms iv) was delayed in 10 and in 9
      patients, respectively, including patients both with normal and subnormal
      concentrations of FT4. From the above it appears that low stimulated
      concentrations of TSH in the presence of subnormal concentrations of FT4 indicate
      an extremely poor prognosis in critically ill patients. The abnormal behaviour of
      TSH in this group of patients cannot be explained by generalized pituitary
      insufficiency or by an increase in FT4.

PMID- 6818805
TI  - Lack of influence of the antidopaminergic drug domperidone on basal and TRH
      stimulated TSH-serum levels after oral administration.
AB  - Since antidopaminergic drugs are known to elevate basal and TRH-stimulated TSH
      serum levels and since this effect was also shown after iv administration of the
      novel dopamine antagonistic agent domperidone, it was investigated, whether this
      antiemetic drug could interfere after oral intake with the evaluation of thyroid
      function. Oral domperidone caused a marked TSH-enhancement of TRH-induced TSH
      increments in 6 out of 14 euthyroid subjects, with no statistical significance,
      however. The difference between oral and parenteral influence as well as inter
      individual changes are probably due to the varying first pass effect of the drug
      after oral absorption.

PMID- 6818806
TI  - Oestrogens, gonadotrophins and SHBG during oral and cutaneous administration of
      oestradiol-17 beta to menopausal women.
AB  - Thirty-eight post-menopausal women were randomly allocated to 6 months of
      treatment with either 2-4 mg of micronized oestradiol-17 beta taken orally or 3
      mg of oestradiol-17 beta applied cutaneously. The plasma concentrations of
      oestrone, oestradiol, LH, FSH and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were
      determined twice before and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment. In both groups
      the clinical effects were satisfactory. During treatment the mean oestradiol
      levels showed similar increases in the two groups while the oestrone
      concentration was markedly raised only among those taking oestradiol orally. The
      mean LH and FSH concentrations were significantly lowered in both groups. SHBG
      was increased with both treatments although more marked in the group on oral
      medication. Doubling of the oral dose from 2 mg to 4 mg gave significant changes
      of the LH, FSH and oestrone concentrations. Thus, in the given doses, the two
      routes of administration seemed to have similar effects on post-menopausal
      symptoms and on the plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins and oestradiol.
      However the plasma oestrone and SHBG levels became significantly higher during
      the oral than during the cutaneous treatment.

PMID- 6818807
TI  - [Adjuvant treatment in surgery of colon and rectal cancer].
AB  - Up to now, there has been no real evidence about the effectiveness of adjuvant
      surgical treatments in colo-rectal cancer in patients with no evidence of
      disease. Investigations are frequently out of the rules that must be followed to
      accept the effectiveness of some treatment. Results with radiotherapy as a loco
      regional treatment and chemotherapy or immunotherapy as systemic treatments are
      contradictory. Our opinion is that, at least in patients with Dukes'C stage,
      efforts must persist to find the best adjuvant scheme to prolong the free-disease
      interval, or ideally, increasing the number of patients healed by surgery.

PMID- 6818808
TI  - [A case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with 3 coexisting M-components (IgM-K, IgM
      L and IgG-K) in serum].

PMID- 6818809
TI  - [Sequential separation of factor VIII on aminohexyl (AH) sepharose 4 B and
      affinity chromatography].

PMID- 6818810
TI  - [Clinical application of DDVP on hemophiliacs].

PMID- 6818811
TI  - [Clinical effects of FEIBA on hemophilia patients with inhibitors to factor VIII
      or IX].

PMID- 6818812
TI  - [Localized primary macroglobulinemia originating at the mediastinal lymph nodes].

PMID- 6818813
TI  - Myocardial blood flow, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release of the human
      heart during hemodilution.
AB  - Myocardial blood flow, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release were studied
      before and during hemodilution in man. Dextran 70 was used as the dilutional
      agent to reduce hematocrit values from 37 to 28% (mean). The decrease of oxygen
      content in arterial blood after hemodilution was compensated by an increase of
      cardiac output. The myocardial blood flow increased proportionally more than the
      cardiac output, resulting in a virtually unchanged oxygen tension in coronary
      sinus blood. The metabolism of the heart was not affected as the respiratory
      quotient remained unchanged. This investigation suggests that blood losses up to
      20% of the total blood volume can be replaced by dextran solutions, without a
      significant decrease of myocardial oxygen supply.

PMID- 6818814
TI  - [Epidemiology of leprosy in the collective territories of Mayotte (Indian
      Ocean)].

PMID- 6818815
TI  - [Employment of a program in the leprosy campaign in Mayotte based on the use of
      rifampicin and clofazimine].

PMID- 6818816
TI  - Replication of Mycobacterium leprae in hibernating ground squirrels (Citellus
      tridecemlineatus).
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of 10(6) acid-fast bacteria from human lepromatous tissue
      to hibernating ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) is followed by
      generalized infection of the animals and spontaneous death. The number of
      mycobacteria is high in the skin of GS during winter and decreases during summer.
      Animals surviving the first hibernation period invariably die during the second.
      The number of microorganism in the visceral organs is low at all times. The
      system of infected hibernating GS is a valuable model for the experimental study
      of leprosy.

PMID- 6818817
TI  - Biochemical studies with leprosy-derived corynebacteria.

PMID- 6818819
TI  - [Exudative enteropathy caused by clofazimine: apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of a forty-six year old woman suffering from
      generalized prurigo nodularis. This dermatosis was associated with a cellular
      immunodeficiency; therefore a clofazimine therapy 300 mg/a day was instituted for
      six months. Ten months after the cessation of the clofazimine therapy, there
      appeared a malabsorption syndrome that was temporarily improved by gluten--free
      diet the real etiology was only ascertained during laparotomy, when masses of
      crystals in the small intestine mucosa as well as in mesenteric lymph nodes were
      observed. Therefore when it is necessary to prescribe clofazimine to take
      advantage of become its immunoregulating properties, it must always become in
      mind that an intestinal complication may ensue: this is well recognized in
      articles appearing in journals devoted to leprosy.

PMID- 6818818
TI  - Biological properties of diphtheroid bacteria (LDC) isolated from human leprosy
      lesions.

PMID- 6818820
TI  - [Restoration of thumb opposition by the transfer of the extensor proprius of the
      index finger by circumcubital passage in leprosy paralysis].

PMID- 6818821
TI  - Collagen synthesis in cells cultured from v. Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Subcutaneous tumors of a patient with v. Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis
      contained about 31% collagen calculated on the basis of lipid-free dry weight.
      Slices of the tumors synthesized collagen at a rate (4.7-8.5% from total protein)
      which was higher than that of the skin slices (2.8-5.9%). Neurofibromatosis cells
      were cultured from tumors of two patients. They synthesized relatively much more
      collagen than cultures of skin fibroblasts of the same patient or of healthy age
      matched control persons. The second patient's cultures were studied in detail.
      The cell densities of these cultures were higher and expressed more variation
      than the densities of control skin fibroblasts. Ion exchange cellulose
      chromatograms, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 3-hydroxyproline
      analysis of the radioactive proteins made by the cultures indicate that most of
      the collagenous proteins resembled type I collagen. High proliferative capacity
      and high collagen synthesis of selected neurofibromatosis cells explains the
      growth of solid tumors.

PMID- 6818822
TI  - [Juvenile type of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelinopathy (Leigh) with unusual
      CNS-localisation].
AB  - The case of an adolescent girl aged 16 with subacute necrotizing
      encephalomyelopathy (Leigh) is reported. The chronic course of illness lasting
      for 7.5 years was characterized by visual and gait disorders progressing to
      blindness, incomplete spastic tetraparesis, and fatal respiratory insufficiency.
      Neuropathology, in addition to CNS lesions with typical pattern, revealed
      involvement of Ammon's horn, fornix, corpora mammillaria, tractus
      mammillothalamicus, and corpus callosum. The massive damage to the total Ammon's
      horn formation, the distribution of which correlates to none of the established
      patterns of lesion, is related to the primary disease given, and an additional
      secondary transneuronal degeneration of associated systems is suggested.

PMID- 6818823
TI  - Fingerprint profiles in lymphocytic vacuoles of mucopolysaccharidoses I-H, II,
      III-A, and III-B.
AB  - Fingerprint (FP) profiles in vacuolated lymphocytes of mucopolysaccharidoses I-H,
      II, III-A, and III-B are a numerically rare, but possibly consistent finding as
      they have not been seen in vacuolated lymphocytes of other non-neuronal
      lipofuscinosis (NCL) lysosomal diseases. Their nosologic significance is not
      clear, but they may be as non-specific as tubular inclusions in lymphocytes and
      they are identical to those FP profiles seen in juvenile NCL.

PMID- 6818824
TI  - Selective loss of Purkinje cells from the rat cerebellum caused by acrylamide and
      the responses of beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase.
AB  - Acrylamide (30 mg/kg) given daily to rats five times each week for 3 weeks leads
      to progressive loss of Purkinje cells. The necrotic cells begin to be visible
      from the third day and their numbers reach a peak at the time when the dosing
      ceases at 18 days. They are less frequent thereafter, but are still visible
      almost 3 weeks later in small numbers. The density of Purkinje cells per
      millimeter falls to about 70% of normal at the 7th day, and a similar degree of
      reduction of the neuronal marker enzyme, beta-galactosidase, is found over the
      same time scale. By contrast, while there is a brisk macrophage/microglial
      response in the molecular layer to the loss of the Purkinje cell dendrites, the
      increase in beta-glucuronidase activity is relatively minor and is not
      significantly different from normal until after the 21st day. These responses are
      discussed in the context of the use of lysosomal enzyme activities in the assay
      of certain neurotoxic lesions.

PMID- 6818826
TI  - Depressed prolactin levels in diabetic women with anovulation.
AB  - The circulating levels of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol-17 beta were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in 76 normal healthy women in the follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle, 54 consecutive anovulatory non-diabetic women and 20 consecutive
      diabetic women with anovulation. An elevated plasma PRL concentration was found
      in 1/20 (5%) of the diabetic women and in 17/54 (32%) of the non-diabetic
      anovulatory women (p less than 0.05). Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta
      and gonadotropins in diabetics did not differ (p greater than 0.05) from those
      found in non-diabetic women with anovulation. Diabetic women with secondary
      amenorrhea had significantly (p less than 0.05) lower plasma concentrations of
      PRL and estradiol-17 beta than non-diabetic women with amenorrhea and normal
      controls. Furthermore, this group of diabetic women had lower median plasma LH
      concentrations than the non-diabetics with secondary amenorrhea and normal
      controls, but this difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). These
      data indicate that diabetic patients with anovulation have hypothalamic and/or
      pituitary defects. Furthermore, the low prolactin and LH levels despite a low
      estradiol-17 beta concentration may suggest an increased hypothalamic dopamine
      activity in patients with diabetes mellitus and secondary amenorrhea.

PMID- 6818825
TI  - Selective destruction of the outer leaflet of the capillary endothelial membrane
      after intracerebral injection of arachidonic acid in the rat.
AB  - A peculiar ultrastructural change of the cytoplasmic membrane is described. It
      concerns selective destruction of the outer leaflet of the luminal side of the
      capillary endothelium in the white matter of the rat brain, 30 min and 3 h after
      intracerebral injection of arachidonic acid (AA). The cristae of the mitochondria
      disappeared in the endothelium of many capillaries. These changes were observed
      mainly in the central part of brain edema, where the extracellular space was
      markedly widened. The possible mechanism whereby these changes developed is
      discussed.

PMID- 6818827
TI  - Uterine activity and placental histology in abortion at mid-trimester by rivanol
      and catheter.
AB  - Artificial abortions were performed on 7 patients during mid-pregnancy by intra
      uterine instillation of 0.1% rivanol and catheters. The changes in uterine
      contractility during the treatment were monitored continuously by intra-amniotic
      pressure recording. Uterine activity developed a gradual but steady increase and
      abortion was completed within 22 to 47 hours. A significant increase in uterine
      contractility started after a lag of several hours. Neither hypertonus nor
      hyperactivity was noted during the treatment. The fetus was delivered unaffected
      in all cases. The placentas delivered showed normal histological integrity, and
      an autoradiographic study established the viability of trophoblasts. These
      results suggest that the abortive effect of rivanol and catheter on the uterus
      and placenta is different from that induced by other chemicals.

PMID- 6818828
TI  - Characterization and quantification of acid phosphatase and glycoside hydrolases
      in rabbit cornea.
AB  - The optimal reaction condition and kinetic properties of 8 lysosomal hydrolases
      in rabbit cornea determined with the use of fluorogenic derivatives of 4
      methylumbelliferone are described. The enzymes studied were alpha- and beta
      glucosidase alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta
      acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. Sodium
      taurocholate was an essential requirement for beta-glucosidase activity.
      Approximately the same pH optimum values, Michaelis-Menten constants and
      sensitivity to inhibitors were found as by other investigators in other tissues.
      The reaction conditions described in this report can be used for studying the
      influence of physical chemical, viral, bacterial agents etc. on the cornea and
      further also for the diagnosis of eventual lysosomal storage diseases.

PMID- 6818829
TI  - Preoperative timolol and ocular compression in cataract surgery.
AB  - The intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing effect of topical timolol with digital
      ocular compression for the prevention of vitreous loss in cataract surgery was
      compared with the effect of combined acetazolamide-mannitol pre-medication with
      digital compression. In the timolol group of 30 patients the mean IOP reduced
      from 11.4 mmHg before the compression to 8.2 mmHg after it. In the acetazolamide
      mannitol group of 29 patients the mean IOPs were 10.9 and 5.6 mmHg, respectively.
      The reduction of IOP was statistically highly significant in both groups. There
      was no case of vitreous loss and the post-operative healing was uncomplicated in
      both groups of patients. The application of timolol was easy and time saving, but
      acetazolamide-mannitol pre-medication created deeper hypotony after ocular
      compression, which was probably due to the vitreous reducing effect of mannitol.

PMID- 6818830
TI  - Mulibrey nanism, an autosomal recessive syndrome with ocular involvement.
AB  - Mulibrey nanism is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by a growth
      failure of pre-natal onset and several associated dysmorphic features. On
      ophthalmoscopy the optic disc and macula have a normal appearance while the
      midperiphery and more peripheral areas have revealed hypopigmentation and pigment
      scattering. By fluorescein angiography areas of focal choroidal hypoplasia have
      been noted. Histopathological examination of a typical case revealed atrophy of
      the corneal epithelium and thickening of the Bowman's membrane. The optic nerve
      and the macula appeared normal while the midperiphery showed focal choroidal
      hypoplasia with marked atrophy of the retina and of the pigment epithelium.
      Occasional drusen were also noted in this area. The findings do confirm the
      hypothesis that the choroidal changes represent one further manifestation
      originating from mesodermal tissues in these patients.

PMID- 6818831
TI  - Immunoradiometric assay of inhibitors of antihaemophilic factor A.
AB  - An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for determination of antibodies against f.
      VIII:C in haemophilia A was developed. The assay was based on competitive binding
      of radiolabelled anti-VIII:C and antibodies in the test material to immobilized
      VIII:C. Fifteen haemophiliacs with known inhibitors were investigated with the
      new method and with a conventional neutralization test. In 3 cases the inhibitors
      were detected only with the IRMA and in the other 12 there was good agreement
      between the inhibitor levels found with the two methods. It was also possible to
      demonstrate the antibodies in three non-haemophilic patients with acquired
      inhibitors. The IRMA, which can detect the antibodies down to a concentration of
      0.02 inhibitor units per ml, is more sensitive than conventional neutralization
      tests and is thus of practical importance in the investigation of patients with
      low inhibitor titres.

PMID- 6818833
TI  - Possible carnitine deficiency in parenterally alimented newborn infants.

PMID- 6818832
TI  - Characterization and properties of the human and bovine lactotransferrins
      extracted from the faeces of newborn infants.
AB  - Human lactotransferrin was characterized in the faecal extracts from breastfed
      babies. Quantitative determination of human copro-lactotransferrin from birth for
      a period of up to 3 weeks showed that the daily elimination decreased from 35 to
      5 mg. The amount of copro-lactotransferrin corresponding to the endogenous
      secretion was calculated to be from 0.5 to 1 mg per day. When a cow's milk diet
      supplemented by partially or completely iron-saturated human or bovine
      lactotransferrin was fed to the babies, the amounts of copro-lactotransferrin
      excreted depended on the origin and on the iron saturation of the
      lactoransferrin. In particular, the amount of bovine copro-lactotransferrin in
      the faeces averaged 200 mg per day. The human and bovine copro-lactotransferrins
      were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography or by affinity chromatography and
      were still able to bind iron. The fingerprints of native human and bovine
      lactotransferrins hydrolysed in vitro by infant's gastric or duodenal secretions
      showed that both proteins were not extensively digested. This demonstrates that
      these lactotransferrins ingested by babies are not completely destroyed and keep
      their ability to bind iron, and thus may supplement the bacteriostatic effects of
      the endogenous lactotransferrin in the intestinal tract.

PMID- 6818834
TI  - [Studies on stability of catecholamine injections and improvement of the
      prescription].

PMID- 6818836
TI  - Venous return as stimulus for respiration in rabbit.
AB  - The "exercise hyperpnoea" problem was studied in 44 anaesthetized rabbits by
      increasing the cardiac output by: a) tilting by 12 degrees the hindlimbs up; b)
      injecting into the right heart 15 ml of dextran; c) normocapnic or d) hypocapnic
      blood. In all cases there was an increase in minute ventilation, VE,
      independently of the presence or absence of an increase in CO2 flux to the lungs.
      We decreased the cardiac output by tilting up the head by 10 degrees; this
      elicited a decrease in VE accompanied by an increase in the fractional end-tidal
      CO2. For elucidating the role played by carotid body chemoreceptors in eleven
      rabbits the legs were tilted up before and while the animals breathed pure
      oxygen. The results were very similar. When the hindlimbs were tilted up after
      cervical bilateral vagotomy the VE response diminished about fifty per cent. We
      conclude that: a) hyperpnoea and hypopnoea elicited by a change in cardiac output
      are due to stimulation or depression of mechanoreceptors localized in the
      pulmonary circulation, b) carotid body chemoreceptors are not required for these
      responses, c) fifty per cent of the VE response depends on the integrity of the
      vagus nerves, d) it is probable that the increase in venous return plays an
      important role in the hyperpnoea at the onset of muscular exercise.

PMID- 6818835
TI  - [Ovarian cycle of the common marmoset].

PMID- 6818837
TI  - Effect of hypercapnia on thermoregulation at high ambient temperature.
AB  - The reported investigations were carried out on rabbits exposed for three hours
      to ambient temperature of 25 degrees C or 35 degrees breathing athmospheric air
      (controls) or gas mixtures containing 4% or 7% of CO2. During the exposure to 35
      degrees C in rabbits breathing the gas mixture with 7% of CO2 the rise of rectal
      temperature was significantly greater, heat elimination from the auricular
      surface was increased, whereas the oxygen uptake was increased insignificantly.
      In tracheostomized rabbits breathing the gas mixture with 7% of CO2 at 32 degrees
      C the respiratory rate decreased but the respiration volume increased as compared
      with the animals breathing atmospheric air. It seems that the hyperthermic effect
      of hypercapnia demonstrated in this work can be attributed to the impairment of
      heat elimination through the upper airways due to an inhibition of thermal
      panting.

PMID- 6818838
TI  - Involvement of cholinergic nicotine-like receptors as modulators of amine
      turnover in various types of hypothalamic dopamine and noradrenaline nerve
      terminal systems and of prolactin, LH, FSH and TSH secretion in the castrated
      male rat.
AB  - The effects of high repeated subcutaneous doses (4 X 2 mg/kg) of nicotine have
      been evaluated on dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) levels and turnover in the
      long-term castrated male rat using catecholamine (CA) fluorescence histochemistry
      in combination with quantitative microfluorometry. The CA turnover was evaluated
      by studying the decline of the CA stores following tyrosine hydroxylase
      inhibition using alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester (H 44/68). In the same
      experiments trunk blood was collected for the determination of serum prolactin,
      LH, FSH and TSH levels using standard radioimmunoassay procedures. The nicotine
      treatment produced a significant depletion of CA stores and an increase of CA
      turnover in DA and NA nerve terminals of the median eminence and in peri- and
      paraventricular NA systems. These effects were significantly counteracted by
      pretreatment with mecamylamine. Nicotine significantly reduced serum prolactin
      and TSH levels, and after H 44/68 it also reduced LH and FSH serum levels. These
      actions were counteracted by mecamylamine pretreatment, except the effects on
      serum TSH levels after H 44/68, which were even enhanced by pretreatment with
      mecamylamine. Overall intraindividual correlations showed a significant
      correlation between reduced CA turnover in several hypothalamic areas and
      increased serum LH and FSH levels, increased NA turnover in the paraventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus and increased serum TSH levels, and reduced DA turnover in
      the median eminence and increased serum LH levels. It is suggested that in the
      castrated male rat nicotine can activate cholinergic nicotine-like receptors
      facilitating DA and NA turnover and release in various hypothalamic CA nerve
      terminal systems including those inhibiting the secretion of prolactin and LH (DA
      terminals in medial and lateral palisade zone, respectively) and facilitating
      secretion of TSH (NA terminals in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus).

PMID- 6818839
TI  - Importance of zinc for human sperm head-tail connection.
AB  - Head-tail detachment of ejaculated human spermatozoa was studied with phase
      contrast microscopy. The frequency of head-tail detachment was assessed after
      sperm exposure to the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 60 min
      at 22 degrees C. Decapitation was enhanced by EDTA. Zinc reversibly inhibited
      native as well as EDTA induced head-tail disconnection. Still a certain
      proportion of spermatozoa were resistant to EDTA-treatment and this proportion
      significantly increased upon 24 h of saline storage. The development of EDTA
      resistance was enhanced by EDTA treatment before storage. A physiological role
      for zinc as a preserver of an inherent mechanism for head-tail detachment is
      suggested.

PMID- 6818840
TI  - Vasopressin release in response to intracerebroventricular L-alanine and L
      arginine, and its dependence upon CSF NaCl concentration.
AB  - Influences on renal water, electrolyte, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) excretions
      of 1 h infusions (20 microliters/min) of a neutral (L-alanine) and two basic (L
      lysine and L-arginine) amino acids into the lateral cerebral ventricle were
      studied in hydrated goats, and were compared to effects of control infusions of
      hypertonic (0.25 M) NaCl. L-alanine (0.11 M) dissolved in hypotonic NaCl caused
      more pronounced inhibition of the water diuresis and greater increase in AVP
      excretion than did the control infusions, but, in comparison to the latter, the
      responses developed very slowly. The effects were further delayed and were much
      attenuated when L-alanine was administered in isotonic glucose, but became
      considerably accentuated when isotonic NaCl was used as the solvent. L-lysine
      (0.09 M) in hypotonic NaCl did not inhibit the water diuresis or cause any
      apparent AVP release, whereas the corresponding L-arginine infusions caused
      inhibition of the water diuresis and increase in AVP excretion of approximately
      the same magnitudes and time courses as the control infusions. Like for L
      alanine, these effects became accentuated when L-arginine was dissolved in
      isotonic NaCl, and became delayed and much attenuated when isotonic glucose was
      used as the solvent. L-arginine induced a more pronounced increase in renal Na
      excretion than did L-alanine and 0.25 M NaCl. Since transport together with Na
      (increasing the Na influx) generally is much more important for cellular uptake
      of neutral than of basic amino acids, the possibility is discussed that L-alanine
      here might have caused AVP release by increasing transmembrane Na transport of
      juxtacerebroventricular Na sensors regulating the AVP secretion--a suggestion
      supported by the lack of response to the basic L-lysine. The antidiuretic effect
      of the other basic amino acid, L-arginine, can not be explained along this line.
      However, with regard to the characteristic differences observed between the
      responses to L-alanine and L-arginine, the possibility is discussed that the
      latter might not have acted at a sensory level, but on the final neuronal link in
      the release of neurohypophyseal hormones, the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells.
      In contrast to L-alanine and L-arginine, L-lysine appeared to stimulate the
      appetite of the goats.

PMID- 6818841
TI  - Normal growth hormone secretion is rare after microsurgical normalization of
      growth hormone levels in acromegaly.
AB  - The effect of microsurgery on growth hormone (GH) secretion was studied in 34
      patients with acromegaly. All patients showed enlarged sella volumes according to
      encephalography and macroadenomas at surgery. Preoperative GH levels were
      elevated in all 34 patients and 14 had concomitant hyperprolactinemia. There was
      a correlation between basal GH levels and sella size. Visual field defects,
      suprasellar extension, long duration of the disease, hyperprolactinemia and
      aneuploidy were noted in patients with low as well as high levels of GH
      preoperatively. The average reduction of GH levels in the total series was 71 +/-
      21% (mean +/- SD). A notably similar reduction of GH levels was seen regardless
      of preoperative GH levels, concomitant hyperprolactinemia, visual field defects,
      size of the adenoma, invasive growth or increasing experience of the surgeon.
      Therefore, normal GH levels after surgery were reached mainly in patients with
      moderate GH increments preoperatively. GH levels were normalized by surgery in 15
      patients but only four of these showed normal GH response to TRH and iota-dopa
      tests. Thus, only four patients (12%) fulfilled these criteria for cure of GH
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6818842
TI  - Monocyte production and kinetics in response to listeriosis in resistant and
      susceptible murine hosts.

PMID- 6818844
TI  - Symbiotic relationships between macrophages and lymphocytes.

PMID- 6818845
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 is a feed-back regulator of macrophage activation.

PMID- 6818843
TI  - Weak-base induced lysosomal secretion by macrophages: an alternative trigger
      mechanism that is independent of complement activation.

PMID- 6818846
TI  - Ir gene regulation of T cell proliferation: requirement for Ia and antigen
      expression on the same accessory cell.
AB  - These results demonstrate that only splenic macrophages expressing both Ir
      products (function) and the antigen (GAT) were able to reconstitute the T cell
      response of cultures in which the splenic macrophage monolayer had been treated
      with appropriate anti I-A antibodies. This inhibition was not a result of induced
      suppression caused by anti-Ia treatment but rather a masking of Ia antigen which
      prevents the T cell receptor(s) from recognizing either the Ir gene product and
      specific antigen in complex or separately.

PMID- 6818847
TI  - Biochemical evidence for multiple Ia molecules.
AB  - Sequential immunoprecipitation and isoelectric focusing studies using anti-Ia
      monoclonal antibodies have shown multiple I-A and I-E Ia molecules. These studies
      suggest that the genes coding for Ia polypeptide chains A alpha, A beta, E beta
      and E alpha might have undergone further duplication and mutated. This would
      explain the diversity seen with Ia molecules in their ability to "present"
      numerous self and non-self antigens for generation of immune response.

PMID- 6818848
TI  - Regulation of macrophage Ia expression in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6818849
TI  - Ia and macrophages in alloproliferation and allocytotoxicity.

PMID- 6818850
TI  - Isolation of immunoglobulin class-switch and variable-region variants from mouse
      myeloma and hybridoma cell lines.

PMID- 6818851
TI  - The effect of compensation of acidosis on survival in endotoxin shock.
AB  - IP injection of 10 mg E. coli endotoxin in fasted female rats causes 100%
      mortality while hemodynamic effects are absent. A progressive fall in blood
      glucose to extremely low values with a concomitant rise in plasma lactate is
      recorded. Plasma pH falls below 7.00. Infusion of glucose or glucose and insulin
      does not prolong the survival time. An infusion of 5% NaHCO3 preventing the
      terminal acidosis has no effect on the survival time and dose not affect the
      blood glucose and plasma lactate concentrations. Artificial ventilation has no
      effect on survival time or on blood glucose and plasma lactate concentrations.

PMID- 6818852
TI  - Essential fatty acid deficient rats: a new model for evaluating arachidonate
      metabolism in shock.
AB  - Essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats are significantly more resistant to
      the lethal effects of S. enteritidis endotoxin (20 mg/kg, IV) than normal control
      rats. Compared to endotoxin-treated normal rats, EFAD rats also manifested less
      severe alterations of hepatic and lysosomal integrity and became less
      hypoglycemic. Administration of the ethyl ester of the essential fatty acid,
      arachidonic acid (100 mp, IP) two days prior to challenge with S. enteritidis
      endotoxin (20 mg/kg) in EFAD rats restored their sensitivity to endotoxin, as
      denoted by a 100% mortality compared to a 24% mortality (P less than 0.01) in
      EFAD rats. Treatment of EFAD rats with the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, a non
      prostaglandin and thromboxane precursor, (100 mg, IP) produced significantly less
      (less than 0.01) mortality than ethyl-arachidonate-treated groups (ie, 40% vs
      100%). The arachidonate metabolite, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), increased from
      nondetectable plasma levels (less than 200 pg/ml) to 2285 +/- 449 pg/ml (N = 10)
      at 30 min and remained elevated for 180 minutes after endotoxin administration in
      nondeficient rats. However, plasma TxB2 was not detectable in endotoxin-treated
      EFAD rats and was only slightly elevated in groups supplemented with
      docosahexaenoic acid (273 +/- 104 pg/ml, N = 6) after 30 minutes. In ethyl
      arachidonate (100 mg, IP) supplemented EFAD rats, plasma TxB2 rose to 873 +/- 204
      pg/ml (N = 8), 30 min after endotoxin. Pretreatment of the ethyl-arachidonate
      supplemented EFAD group with a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, 7-(1
      imidazolyl)-heptanoic acid (30 mg/kg, IV), significantly reduced mortality 100%
      to 50% (P less than 0.05) from endotoxic shock. These observations suggest a
      deleterious role for arachidonic acid and its conversion to TxA2 in the
      pathogenesis of endotoxic shock.

PMID- 6818853
TI  - [Continuous in vivo measurement of intravitreous carbon dioxide tension and pH in
      normal rabbit eye and in the eye of rabbit and human during vitrectomy].

PMID- 6818854
TI  - [Effects of M79175, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on experimental sugar
      cataracts].

PMID- 6818855
TI  - [Comparison of aldose reductase in human cataractous lens and placenta].

PMID- 6818856
TI  - [Association of beta-carotene and canthaxanthine in the treatment of actinic
      reticuloid].

PMID- 6818857
TI  - Factor VIII inhibitors: a clinical overview.
AB  - There is much evidence to indicate that inhibitors to Factor VIII in patients
      with classical hemophilia are the result of an immunological response to exposure
      to material (VIII:C or VIII:CAg) that is absent or present in reduced amounts in
      these patients. The inhibitor is an antibody that is usually restricted in
      immunochemical composition and in many instances contains predominantly or
      exclusively gamma G3 or gamma G4 heavy chains. Exposure to Factor VIII in many
      inhibitor patients leads to typical anamnestic responses with marked increases in
      the level of the inhibitor. The tendency to develop inhibitors and the clinical
      characteristics of the inhibitor may be affected by genetic factors, basal levels
      of Factor VIII:C and/or VIII:CAg, and the nature and amount of the "immunizing"
      material. Currently accepted therapeutic modalities are aimed primarily at the
      management of acute bleeding episodes.

PMID- 6818858
TI  - Malnutrition, altered immune function, and the risk of infection in maintenance
      hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 6818859
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis in patients undergoing chronic home peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Peritonitis is a well-recognized complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis.
      However, in many instances the etiology of the peritonitis remains obscure
      despite intensive evaluation. Recent reports have suggested that pulmonary and
      extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs with increased incidence in chronic
      hemodialysis patients. We report the first three cases of tuberculous peritonitis
      occurring in patients being treated with chronic intermittent peritoneal
      dialysis. The lack of active tuberculosis elsewhere and the predominance of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in peritoneal fluid made the diagnosis particularly
      difficult in this setting. The characteristics of the peritoneal fluid are quite
      similar to that seen in bacterial peritonitis, and unlike that found in
      peritonitis due to tuberculosis in nondialyzed patients. Tuberculous peritonitis
      should be suspected in peritoneal dialysis patients with chronic or relapsing
      peritonitis in whom the diagnosis of bacterial or fungal peritonitis cannot be
      confirmed.

PMID- 6818860
TI  - Clinical alteration of the growing face: the Michigan Symposium through the eyes
      of the editor. Part II.

PMID- 6818861
TI  - The basicranium of Plio-Pleistocene hominids as an indicator of their upper
      respiratory systems.
AB  - Our analyses of extant primates have shown that a relationship exists between the
      degree of flexion of the basicranium and the location of upper respiratory
      structures such as the larynx and pharynx (Laitman et al., 1978). Based upon
      these relationships, we have previously used the basicrania of late Pleistocene
      hominids as a guide to the reconstruction of their upper respiratory anatomy
      (Laitman et al., 1979). This study continues our approach by examining the
      basicrania of Plio-Pleistocene hominids and reconstructing their upper
      respiratory systems. Nine Plio-Pleistocene hominids had basicrania complete
      enough to be used in this study. These included the originals of Sts 5, MLD
      37/38, SK 47, SK 48, SK 83, Taung, KNM-ER 406, OH 24, and a cast of OH 5.
      Craniometric analysis of the basicrania of these specimens showed that they had
      marked similarities to those of extant pongids. These basicranial similarities
      between Plio-Pleistocene hominids and extant apes suggest that the upper
      respiratory systems of these groups were also alike in appearance. As with living
      nonhuman primates, the early hominids probably exhibited a larynx and pharynx
      positioned high in the neck. This high position would have permitted an
      intranarial epiglottis to be present during both normal respiration and the
      ingestion of a liquid bolus of food. The high position of the larynx would have
      also greatly restricted the supralaryngeal portion of the pharynx available to
      modify laryngeal sounds. It is thus possible that the Plio-Pleistocene hominids
      exhibited modes of breathing, swallowing and vocalizing similar to those of
      living apes.

PMID- 6818863
TI  - [Jaundice and pregnancy].

PMID- 6818862
TI  - [Effect of the surgical treatment of sclerocystic ovary syndrome on the
      gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland].

PMID- 6818864
TI  - [Modified neuroleptanalgesia with buprenorphine].
AB  - A modification of neuroleptanalgesia by substituting fentanyl with buprenorphine
      is presented. Both anaesthesia techniques could be applied alternatively. We did
      not recognize any significant difference between the two groups concerning
      haemodynamics, the secretion of the so called stress hormones (antidiuretic
      hormone, cortisol) as well as the postoperative respiratory depression. The long
      lasting analgesia, which could be achieved by buprenorphine, can be advantageous
      in certain surgical interventions. The lack of a potent antagonist for
      buprenorphine in addition to its longer half-life for--not being of advantage in
      any anaesthesia--is discussed.

PMID- 6818865
TI  - [Changes in lung mechanics, hemodynamics and gas exchange in different lung
      ventilation methods during anesthesia].

PMID- 6818866
TI  - [Respiratory depression after epidural opiate analgesia with buprenorphine
      hydrochloride? A clinical case report].
AB  - In a case of epidural application of buprenorphinehydrochloride a reduction of
      arterial pO2 was seen 4-6 hours after the injection. This cannot be explained as
      a respiratory depression due to buprenorphine, because immediately after a repeat
      epidural application of the drug the pO2 rose again. Reduced pO2 a long time
      after buprenorphine is a a result of hypoventilation caused by increased pain.

PMID- 6818867
TI  - [Effect of arm splinting on the duration and possibility of monitoring invasive
      long-term pressure determination of the radial artery].
AB  - A special splint technique, which can improve continuous intraarterial blood
      pressure monitoring via the a. radialis is reported. This method could be applied
      successfully in 41 patients of the ICU up to 27 days. Cannulating the
      contralateral side because of catheter's dysfunction was necessary only in 6
      patients. These observations could be seen in contrast to our results, using a
      conventional splint system, applied in 12 patients for comparison (maximal
      duration of catheter's placement: 9 days). Our experiences, using this special
      splint method of arm fixation, lead to the recommendation to use our method
      routinely in long-term monitored patients, with respect to a longer duration of
      catheter's intravasal placement, the possibility of undisturbed monitoring and a
      simple clinical handling.

PMID- 6818868
TI  - [Effects of tramadol on haemodynamics and blood gases in the early postoperative
      period].
AB  - A variety of opioids is available for treatment of acute pain. Sometimes
      administration is limited due to typical side effects such as respiratory
      depression or pressure increase in the pulmonary circulation. Tramadol, a
      synthetic opioid, was investigated in a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg body weight i.v. with
      regard to changes in haemodynamic parameters and in blood gases. The haemodynamic
      parameters generally remained stable; all changes were statistically non
      significant. There were no signs of respiratory depression. The risk of pain
      therapy with opioids seems to be reduced further by the introduction of this
      agent.

PMID- 6818869
TI  - Treatment of central venous silastic catheter infections using hydrochloric acid.
AB  - Patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition through a subcutaneously
      tunnelled central venous silastic catheter underwent a trial of 1.5 ml of 2M
      hydrochloric acid instilled into the catheter each time an episode of catheter
      sepsis was diagnosed. Four patients had eleven episodes of central venous
      catheter infection, with the hydrochloric acid clearing the infection on seven
      occasions, and unblocking the catheter once. The mainstay of therapy for catheter
      sepsis is removal of the catheter. However, in patients with subcutaneously
      tunnelled central venous silastic catheters, if reinserting the catheter is
      anticipated to be a major problem then a small dose of hydrochloric acid in an
      attempt to clear the infection may be worth a trial.

PMID- 6818870
TI  - The Lack and Bain systems in spontaneous respiration.
AB  - In conscious subjects breathing spontaneously the performance of the Lack semi
      closed system resembled the Magill attachment in that rebreathing was only
      detected at fresh gas flows of less than resting minute volume. With the Bain
      semi-closed system rebreathing was detectable at fresh gas flows of the order of
      2.5 times the minute volume. The two co-axial circuits behaved similarly for
      anaesthetised patients. In adults breathing spontaneously the Lack system is
      efficient and more economical than the Bain.

PMID- 6818871
TI  - Midazolam for the intravenous induction of anaesthesia in children.
AB  - Midazolam was compared with thiopentone as an intravenous anaesthetic induction
      agent in children between four and twelve years of age undergoing elective minor
      surgical procedures. Successful induction of anaesthesia was achieved in both
      groups of patients. With midazolam induction time was longer than with
      thiopentone, but the difference was not statistically significant. The incidence
      of apnoea was greater with thiopentone, but not significantly so. It is concluded
      that midazolam is effective and safe, and could prove a reasonable alternative to
      thiopentone as an intravenous induction agent in children undergoing elective
      minor operations.

PMID- 6818872
TI  - Latent and manifest hyperosmolal states--two consequences of osmotherapy for head
      injury.

PMID- 6818873
TI  - A method for measuring natural abundance intramolecular stable carbon isotopic
      distributions in malic acid.

PMID- 6818874
TI  - Dentofacial growth and development in Homo sapiens: evidence from perinatal
      individuals from Punic Carthage.
AB  - Study of perinatal individuals from 7-4th c. B.C. Punic Carthage and specimens
      from more recent sources elucidates: 1. variability in the formation of the
      infraorbital foramen; 2. the nature of, and variability in, the expression of the
      incisive suture. With regard to the latter, and in conjunction with data on the
      embryological formation of the upper jaw and dentition, the following
      generalization appears warranted in Homo sapiens. The incisors and canine may
      come to erupt in the alveolar bone associated with the premaxillary region.
      Combination of these data with those on the timing of tooth germ development and
      their forward migration yields an explanation of the dental anomalies associated
      with anterior facial cleft and a prediction of when this disorder occurs.

PMID- 6818875
TI  - [Morphologic and biochemical characterization of the Islets of Langerhans of
      C57BL/KsJ-mice treated with glibenclamid and glucose].
AB  - From the findings of our investigations can be concluded that after long-lasting
      in vivo gifts of glibenclamid and glucose a decrease of the glucose-induced
      secretion of insulin in the B-cells of the islets of Langerhans is resulting.
      After strong experimental stimulation during the existence of an abnormal
      metabolic situation the synthesis of insulin had not been disturbed and there
      were also no clear signs of exhaustion of the activity in the islets. Probably,
      biosynthesis of insulin is coming off only more quickly and is inducing a
      reduction of insulin already in the cell itself (according to the increased
      occurrence of lysosomes). The changed production of insulin which can be detected
      biochemically is, in some conditions, resulting from a temporally disturbance of
      the mechanism of secretion in the B-cells.

PMID- 6818878
TI  - [Consumption rate of heparin cofactor during coagulation].

PMID- 6818877
TI  - [Determination of certain physico-chemical parameters in blood culture media].
AB  - Growth of delicate or exacting microorganisms needs the maintenance, in the
      culture medium, of precise and stable physicochemical conditions. In order to
      improve knowledge of these medium, and specially of their aerobic or anaerobic
      state, we measured pH, partial pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide and
      glucose concentration of nine commercial blood culture media, in their natural
      conditions of use. Comparative study of experimental results, and study of
      successive fabrication lots of two of these media (brain-heart and Schaedler)
      reveals a great variability of physicochemical parameters, and specially of pO2
      and glucose concentration, although initial composition of the media has
      theoretically not changed. It would be desirable that such parameters be better
      controlled, so as to encourage regularity of composition of blood culture media
      and, perhaps, their clinical efficiency.

PMID- 6818876
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase histochemistry in rabbit and mouse kidneys.
AB  - The presence of carbonic anhydrase activity in rabbit and mouse kidneys was
      examined using a histochemical procedure with plastic embedded sections stained
      by the modified version of the cobalt-phosphate method (Hansson, 1967, 1968;
      Ridderstrale, 1976). Proximal convoluted tubules (S1 and S2 segments) in both
      species were strongly positive for carbonic anhydrase activity on the membranes
      of the luminal, lateral, and basal surfaces. The apical cytoplasm beneath the
      brush border and the nuclei also stained positively for carbonic anhydrase. The
      S3 segment (pars recta) of the proximal tubule in the rabbit was positive on the
      luminal membrane, with somewhat less intensity seen on the lateral and basal
      surfaces. This segment in the mouse was completely negative. The first part of
      the thin limbs of long-looped nephrons exhibited strong staining in the mouse.
      Faint luminal staining was present on descending thin limbs of short-looped
      nephrons in the mouse. In the rabbit, both the medullary and cortical ascending
      thick segments of the limb of Henle were completely negative. In contrast, the
      medullary and cortical ascending thick limbs in the mouse kidney showed staining
      on all plasma membranes. The intercalated cells in the cortical and medullary
      portion of the collecting tubules stained positively for carbonic anhydrase in
      both species. The principal cells of the collecting duct in the cortex were
      negative in the rabbit and faintly positive in the mouse. The principal cells in
      the upper medullary collecting tubules in both species stained intensely along
      the luminal, lateral, and basal cell membranes. The papillary collecting ducts
      were largely negative in both the rabbit and the mouse. Some interstitial cells
      in the rabbit in the region of the papillary tip were strongly positive. We
      conclude that there is a marked difference in carbonic anhydrase activity within
      and between the renal tubular segments of the rabbit and the mouse. In addition,
      these distinct differences that exist between the two species correlated with
      known physiological roles in ion transport.

PMID- 6818879
TI  - [Combined exchange transfusion and peritoneal dialysis treatment in a neonatal
      case of methylmalonic acidemia with severe hyperammonemia].
AB  - A case of methyl-malonic acidemia with severe neonatal hyperammoniemia is
      presented. Treatment during the first days of live with exchange-transfusion,
      with protein-free blood and peritoneal dialysis induced a decrease of blood
      ammonia values from 1360 to 270 micrograms/dl and the correction of systemic
      metabolic acidosis. Continuation of treatment by dietary means was followed by
      normalization of clinical status and almost total correction of the urinary
      excretion of methyl-malonic and propionic acids, but the patient died at 33 days
      of life due to an intercurrent infection. This case, together with a case
      previously reported of propionic acidemia with neonatal hyperammoniemia and
      prolonged survival, demonstrates that complementary treatment by means of
      exchange transfusion and peritoneal dialysis is mandatory in all cases of
      neonatal hyperammoniemia of metabolic origin, since survival without irreversible
      neurological damage is possible.

PMID- 6818881
TI  - Growth factors from platelets, monocytes, and endothelium: their role in cell
      proliferation.
AB  - Of the various biological roles assigned to growth factors at the beginning of
      this article, the factors described here are largely associated with the response
      to injury. These represent a special type of factor since two of them, PDGF and
      MDGF, are carried in the circulation by the platelet and the monocyte
      respectively, and can therefore be delivered to sites where a proliferative
      response would be an important event in the restitution of tissue continuity. The
      role of the endothelial-derived growth factor in these phenomena is not clear at
      present. Atherosclerosis has been suggested to represent a protective
      proliferative response that has gone awry and become disease. In this instance
      both PDGF and MDGF could play important roles, since platelets have been
      associated with the early injury phenomenon and macrophages appear to be present
      in virtually all phases of the development of the lesions of atherosclerosis from
      the fatty streak to the fibrous plaque and the complicated lesion. In each of
      these circumstances the macrophage may be important in lesion progression and
      possibly in lesion initiation. PDGF may also be important in initiation of some
      lesions, and in some instances would undoubtedly participate in the
      fibroproliferative response that occurs during organization of a thrombus.

PMID- 6818882
TI  - Glutathione and aflatoxin-B1-induced liver tumors: requirement for an intact
      glutathione molecule for regression of malignancy in neoplastic tissue.

PMID- 6818883
TI  - Endotracheal artificial larynx.

PMID- 6818884
TI  - Dimensional anatomy of the vestibular aqueduct and the endolymphatic sac (rugose
      portion) in human temporal bones. Statistical analysis of 79 bones.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the vestibular
      aqueduct (VA) and rugose portion (RP) of the endolymphatic sac. Serial horizontal
      sections of 79 normal temporal bones of individuals aged 20 to 102 years were
      used. Medial view graphic reconstruction of the VA was performed for each
      specimen to determine the area, length, angle and position of the VA. The
      relationship between the width of the VA and the area of the VA, and the
      relationship between the degree of development of the VA and the degree of
      development of the temporal bone (periaqueductal pneumatization and the otic
      capsule in the periaqueductal region) were also investigated. Measurements of the
      RP were also made and further histological study of the RP was performed on 30
      selected specimens. We found that 1) the VA in adult temporal bone varies in size
      and can be classified as hypoplastic, normoplastic, or hyperplastic; 2) many of
      the VAs in each group have similar sizes, although they vary in length, angle, or
      position; 3) all or most of the RP was located within the VA in all but one
      specimen, which had a hypoplastic VA (in this specimen more than half of the
      entire RP extended into the posterior cranial fossa); 4) the histology of the RP
      was characteristic in each type of VA; and 5) the degree of development of the VA
      seems to correlate with the degree of development of the otic capsule in the
      periaqueductal region.

PMID- 6818885
TI  - Postnatal development of the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to gain basic information about the postnatal
      development of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and the endolymphatic sac (ES). For
      this study, serial horizontal sections of 31 normal temporal bones of individuals
      whose ages ranged from 0 to 13 years were used. Medial view graphic
      reconstruction of the VA and rugose portion (RP) of the ES was performed in every
      case for analysis of the VA and RP. The findings of this study revealed the
      following new information about the postnatal development of the VA and ES. 1)
      The VA and RP undergo significant growth postnatally up to age 3 years. 2) In the
      newborn, individual variations in the VA and RP already exist and at age 3 years
      significantly wide individual variations which can be classified into three
      groups (hypoplastic, normoplastic, hyperplastic) may be recognized. 3)
      Hypoplastic VAs are of two types: one is fairly elongated and tubelike while the
      other is short and funnel-shaped. The tubelike VA seems to be the prenatal form.
      4) The changes that occur with development postnatally in the area of the VA are
      more closely related to the changes that occur in the length of the external
      aperture of the VA than they are to the changes that occur in the length of the
      VA. 5) Development of the area of the VA is closely correlated with development
      of the area of the RP.

PMID- 6818886
TI  - [Landing's disease or generalized GM1 gangliosidosis type I. Apropos of 2 cases
      in siblings].

PMID- 6818887
TI  - [Blood pressure profile after exertion in borderline arterial hypertension before
      and after timolol. Predictive importance of the trinitrin test].

PMID- 6818888
TI  - [The use of injectable nitroglycerin (a bolus of 3 mg) in the treatment of
      cardiogenic pulmonary edema].

PMID- 6818889
TI  - Diagnosis of candidal colpitis using a semiliquid culture medium.
AB  - Semiliquid culture medium is commonly used in the diagnosis of vaginal Candida
      albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In the present study growth of
      Candida albicans in a medium inoculated with vaginal smear specimens and
      experimental cultures was evaluated. As a laboratory experiment, pH, pO2, and
      pCO2 were determined in different regions of the cultures. In the clinical part
      of the study agreement of clinical findings and Candida albicans cultures was
      evaluated in the diagnosis of Candidal colpitis. The results showed that in the
      semiliquid culture medium in the case of scant samples single Candida albicans
      colonies could clearly be visualized. When the inoculum was heavy no single
      colonies were seen and the strongest growth took place in a narrow ring in the
      middle region of the tube. This is because of favourable partial oxygen and
      carbon dioxide pressures in this zone. In clinical samples the culture
      demonstrated both Candida albicans vaginitis and normal Candidal flora of the
      vagina. Comparison with culture results and clinical evaluations indicate that 10
      Candida albicans colonies or less in the semiliquid media indicate normal flora
      and over 10 colonies indicate a Candida albicans colpitis.

PMID- 6818890
TI  - Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in acute respiratory failure.

PMID- 6818891
TI  - A ligand-binding assay for thyroxine-binding globulin based on polyethylene
      glycol separation.
AB  - A simple ligand-binding assay for thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is described.
      The method depends on the partition of labelled thyroxine between bovine serum
      albumin and TBG. Differentiation between labelled thyroxine bound to TBG and
      bovine serum albumin is achieved by the addition of excess TBG antiserum and
      subsequent precipitation with polyethylene glycol. The results are compared with
      the Corning Immophase kit method for TBG.

PMID- 6818892
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of Basedow's disease. Apropos of 30 cases].
AB  - Thyroid function was evaluated after thyroidectomy in 30 cases of Graves'
      disease. 15 patients were euthyroid, 6 of them were TRH non responsive suggesting
      a risk of relapse. Indeed, the 3 proven cases of relapse were TRH non responsive
      before relapse and remained so after treatment. The severe iodine deficiency in
      Algeria did not seem to increase the frequency of post-operative hypothyroidism.
      Neither did the duration of carbimazole therapy, the severity of thyroid
      lymphocytic infiltration or thyroid antibodies titer. Thyroid remnant size,
      although difficult to estimate, appears to be inversely related to post-operative
      TSH values.

PMID- 6818893
TI  - [Posttraumatic pituitary insufficiency. Value of pretreatment with LHRH in the
      differentiation between pituitary and hypothalamic deficits].
AB  - A patient presented with post-traumatic hypopituitarism, where transient diabetes
      insipidus, high prolactin levels and prolonged and delayed TSH rise after TRH
      suggested a hypothalamic lesion. Although there was no gonadotropin response to
      LHRH as one could have expected, following repeated administration of LHRH, the
      LH response returned to normal, thus confirming a hypothalamic cause for his
      hypogonadism.

PMID- 6818894
TI  - High incidence of goiter in patients treated with lithium carbonate.
AB  - The effects of lithium carbonate on thyroid was evaluated in 40 consecutive
      psychiatric patients on long-term treatment with this drug. Five patients had
      clinical and/or biochemical hypothyroidism. Twenty four (60%) subjects showed
      goiter of different size, including very large glands. A very high prevalence of
      goiter (87%) was observed in the 15 patients coming from a moderate endemic area.
      A lower incidence of goiter (44%) was found in subjects coming from non endemic
      areas. Goiter was associated with significantly elevated serum thyroglobulin
      concentration similar to that reported in endemic or sporadic nontoxic goiter.
      None of 25 psychiatric patients not receiving lithium therapy was hypothyroid and
      only three (12.5%) of them showed a small size goiter. These data indicate a very
      high prevalence of thyroid enlargement in patients on lithium therapy and suggest
      the opportunity to institute a prophylactic thyroid hormone treatment at least in
      subjects coming from endemic areas.

PMID- 6818895
TI  - Study of adjuvant and mitogenic activities of bacterial peptidoglycans with
      different structures.
AB  - The adjuvant and mitogenic properties of bacterial peptidoglycans (PG) of
      different structures have been compared. The PG from Bacillus megaterium and
      Staphylococcus aureus were adjuvant-active in the guinea-pig, and mitogenic for
      guinea-pig and mouse lymphocytes. On the other hand the PG from Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus and Corynebacterium poinsettiae exerted neither adjuvant nor
      mitogenic activities. Mitogenic PG were selective B mitogens. They were mitogenic
      for splenocytes from Nude mice and inactive towards T-cell-enriched populations.
      They were mitogenic in both germ-free mice and in the C3H/HeJ strain which is
      unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 6818896
TI  - Interictal cerebral glucose metabolism in partial epilepsy and its relation to
      EEG changes.
AB  - Interictal positron computed tomography (PCT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was
      performed on 50 patients with partial seizures disorders. Electroencephalographic
      (EEG) monitoring was carried out during the metabolic studies using scalp and
      sphenoidal electrodes in 33 patients and stereotaxically implanted depth
      electrodes in 17. Four patients in this series had focal abnormalities on x-ray
      computed tomographic scans, but these were at the site of the presumed
      epileptogenic lesion in only 2. One or more discrete zones of hypometabolism were
      identified in 35 patients, and only 1 patient appeared to show focal interictal
      hypermetabolism. No quantitative relationship could be demonstrated between the
      degree of focal hypometabolism and either the frequency of interictal EEG spikes
      of the presence of focal nonepileptiform EEG changes. It was concluded that
      metabolic and electrophysiological techniques measure different aspects of
      cerebral dysfunction in seizure disorders. Although interictal PCT in patients
      with partial epilepsy usually demonstrates zones of hypometabolism this finding,
      per se, does not reveal the epileptic nature of the abnormality.

PMID- 6818897
TI  - Comparative localization of epileptic foci in partial epilepsy by PCT and EEG.
AB  - One or more interictal positron computed tomograms of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose were
      obtained on 50 patients with partial seizure disorders. Ictal as well as
      interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) data were available for all 50 patients,
      with scalp, sphenoidal, and depth electrode recordings done on 27 and scalp and
      sphenoidal recordings alone on 23. Thirty-five patients demonstrated one or more
      abnormal interictal zones of hypometabolism, while combined EEG studies were
      localizing for 36. There were considerable disagreements between the location of
      metabolic deficits and the epileptic focus revealed by individual scalp and depth
      EEG recorded ictal and interictal epileptiform activity; however, there was good
      correlation between the site of focal hypometabolism and the epileptic focus
      determined by the combined results of all electrophysiological studies. When
      focal hypometabolism and focal nonepileptiform EEG abnormalities (i.e., slow
      waves and attenuation of fast rhythms) were both present in the same patient,
      their localization agreed completely. Metabolic and combined electrophysiological
      techniques both occasionally produced false positive as well as false negative
      results. When used together, the EEG can confirm that a hypometabolic zone is
      epileptogenic, while FDG scans may indicate whether an epileptic EEG focus
      represents a lesion or propagation from a distant site.

PMID- 6818898
TI  - Lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi by Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from the blood of infected mice
      were lysed within 24 h by an extracellular substance produced by Pseudomonas
      fluorescens. Isolation of the anti-trypanosomal factor (ATF) was accomplished by
      growth of the organisms in a defined medium, extracellular secretion by the
      sedimented cells, sterilization by filtration, lyophilization, dialysis, and gel
      filtration. Chromatographic separation with Sephadex G-25 and G-200 disclosed the
      occurrence of three active fractions. ATF-I(1) exhibited a molecular weight
      higher than 440,000. ATF-II and ATF-III were considerably smaller (molecular
      weights approximately 1,355 and 1,060, respectively). The lytic substance
      contained protein and lipopolysaccharide, was resistant to heat and freezing, was
      not proteolytic or hemolytic, and was not inhibited by trypsin but was suppressed
      by pronase.

PMID- 6818899
TI  - In vitro evaluation of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) combined with amikacin
      against gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The in vitro synergistic activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin and amikacin was
      determined against gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin showed synergism
      with amikacin against 19 of the gentamicin-resistant strains, 14 of the 49
      strains of S. aureus, and only 1 strain of the 46 P. aeruginosa isolates.

PMID- 6818900
TI  - Synergism between N-formimidoyl thienamycin and gentamicin or tobramycin against
      enterococci.
AB  - By the time-kill curve method, the combination of N-formimidoyl thienamycin and
      gentamicin showed synergism against 47 of 48 strains of enterococci, whereas the
      combination of N-formimidoyl thienamycin and tobramycin was synergistic against
      46 strains.

PMID- 6818901
TI  - Determination of apalcillin and its metabolites in human body fluids by high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe two methods for the quantitative analysis of apalcillin and its
      metabolites in serum and urine by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), a fast isocratic method for the parent drug, and a
      gradient method that allows the simultaneous assay of two metabolites. Serum was
      deproteinized with acetonitrile, and urine was diluted with buffer solution. The
      detection limit was about 0.5 micrograms/ml at a detection wavelength of 254 nm
      and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 310 nm. Within-batch precision (coefficient of
      variation) varied from 10.2 to 1.1% for concentrations of 7.8 and 185.3
      micrograms/ml of serum, respectively. Recovery rates of 95.1 and 97.7% were found
      in spiked sera. Results obtained by HPLC correlated well with those from a
      standard microbiological assay (agar diffusion test); the resulting bivariate
      regression equation for serum was y-bioassay = 2.5 micrograms/ml + 0.992 X xHPLC,
      and that for urine was ybioassay = 12.0 micrograms/ml + 1.009 X xHPLC. At a
      detection wavelength of 315 nm, no interferences were observed in 10 healthy
      volunteers. Healthy subjects who were given 2 g of apalcillin intravenously
      excreted 18% of the parent drug within 24 h in the urine. Two inactive compounds
      were furthermore identified in urine as the isomeric forms of the penicilloic
      acids. Their excretion within 24 h amounted to 6.9 and 11.2% of the dose.

PMID- 6818902
TI  - Influence of gentamicin dose size on the efficacies of combinations of gentamicin
      and penicillin in experimental streptomycin-resistant enterococcal endocarditis.
AB  - We have evaluated the benefits of low versus high doses of gentamicin combined
      with procaine penicillin (1.2 X 10(6) U three times daily) in the treatment of
      streptomycin-resistant experimental enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. The
      mean peak serum gentamicin concentration in animals treated with low-dose
      gentamicin (0.75 mg/kg three times daily) was 3.06 micrograms/ml (range, 2.1 to
      4.2 micrograms/ml), and it was 8.05 micrograms/ml (range, 4.5 to 16.1
      micrograms/ml) in animals treated with high-dose gentamicin (2 mg/kg three times
      daily). The mean log10 colony-forming units of enterococci per gram of cardiac
      valve vegetation in animals treated with procaine penicillin combined with low-
      or high-dose gentamicin were 2.4 +/- 1.2 and 1.4 +/- 1.3, respectively (P = not
      significant) after 3 days of treatment and 1.7 +/- 1.2 and 1.7 +/- 1.5,
      respectively (P = not significant), after 5 days of therapy. The median peak
      serum bactericidal titer was 1:8 in animals treated with low- or high-dose
      gentamicin. We detected no significant difference between low- or high-dose
      gentamicin combined with procaine penicillin in the efficacy of treatment of
      streptomycin-resistant experimental enterococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 6818903
TI  - Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 to penaeid shrimp.
AB  - Single intramuscular injections of aflatoxin B1 into the tail muscle of Penaeus
      stylirostris produced 24- and 96-h median lethal doses of 100.5 (78.3 to 129.0)
      and 49.5 (29.8 to 82.3) mg/kg, respectively. A toxicity curve showed no threshold
      at the levels tested. The mortality response in a feeding study with P. vannamei
      was not dose dependent, but tissue and organ damage were similar to that seen in
      injected animals.

PMID- 6818904
TI  - Reduction of photosystem I reaction center, P-700, by plastocyanin in stroma
      thylakoids from spinach: lateral diffusion of plastocyanin.

PMID- 6818905
TI  - The multiple effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate in several model lipid
      peroxidation systems.

PMID- 6818906
TI  - Studies on the binding of nucleotides by rat brain hexokinase.

PMID- 6818907
TI  - Prostacyclin: a prostaglandin with therapeutic potential.

PMID- 6818908
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observation of ossification and calcification of
      the ligamentum flavum.

PMID- 6818909
TI  - [Clinical studies of ossification of the spinal ligaments].

PMID- 6818910
TI  - [Behavior of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in rats subjected to malnutrition
      in different stages of the gestational period].
AB  - An attempt was made to point out the alterations in serum calcium, phosphorus and
      magnesium, during gestation in female rats fed ad libitum normal diets (protein
      content, 21%), a protein-calorie deficient diet (protein content, 1%) in a
      quantity equal to half of that given to normal rats. As the data revealed, in the
      control group of pregnant rats a significant increase in calcium on the 17th and
      19th days was observed, as well as a decrease at the end of gestation. The values
      remained at higher levels in this group than those detected in the control non
      pregnant rats. The above-mentioned increase was not observed in the
      undernourished pregnant rats, which showed an evident decrease. The behavior of
      phosphorus in the control pregnant rats was similar to calcium behavior, but this
      "ion" had not suffered the influence of malnutrition when isolatedly imposed.
      With regard to magnesium, we noticed that throughout the experiment serum
      concentration was not influenced either by malnutrition or by gestation.
      Malnutrition itself was the greatest responsible factor as judged by the
      differences observed among the groups.

PMID- 6818911
TI  - Nutritional status and dietary habits of rural Guatemalan preschoolers.

PMID- 6818912
TI  - [Recording of the sinus node potential: comparison with indirect methods of
      evaluating sinus node function in 10 patients without sinus node dysfunction].

PMID- 6818913
TI  - [Evaluation of sinoatrial conduction time by recording the sinus node potential.
      Comparison with indirect methods of evaluation].
AB  - A method of recording the sinus node potential (SNP) has recently been introduced
      in clinical electrophysiology. The sinoatrial conduction time can now be measured
      directly (SACTD) as the interval between the onset of the SNP and the onset of
      atrial activation. We measured the SACTD in 16 normal subjects and in 7 patients
      with sinus node dysfunction. These values were compared with those obtained by
      the indirect methods of Strauss et al (SACTS) and Narula et al (SACTN). In normal
      subjects the SACTD ranged from 50 to 130 ms (average 84,4 +/- 22,35); the SACTS,
      from 55 to 160 ms (92,9 +/- 29,3), and the SACTN from 70 to 175 ms (113,2 +/-
      28,8). In patients with sinus node dysfunction the SACTD ranged from 200 to 290
      ms (227 +/- 32,5), the SACTS, from 52 to 198 ms (111,8 +/- 59,3) and the SACTN
      from 89 to 251 ms (142,3 +/- 63). No significant difference was observed between
      normal and pathological subjects using the indirect methods of evaluation.
      However, the SACTD method showed a very significant difference between the two
      groups (p less than 0,0005) with no overlap. No correlations were observed
      between the values obtained by the indirect and direct methods of measuring SACT.

PMID- 6818914
TI  - [Case control and inter-case study of 48 surgically treated renovascular
      hypertensive patients].

PMID- 6818915
TI  - [Surgical cure of dystrophic aneurysms of the ascending aorta with aortic
      insufficiency. Apropos of 50 cases].

PMID- 6818916
TI  - [Non-invasive study of aortic insufficiency by Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - The possibilities of diagnosis and quantification of aortic regurgitation by
      pulsed Doppler analysis of blood flow in the aortic arch were examined in 60
      patients aged between 9 and 67 years old. Aortic flow curves were recorded from
      the suprasternal area with the sample volume positioned at the junction of the
      horizontal part of the aortic arch and the descending aorta. Normal flow curves
      are characterised by an anterograde systolic wave with a brief proto-diastolic
      reflux. In aortic regurgitation holodiastolic reflux is observed. An index of
      regurgitation may be calculated from the ratio of the amplitude of end diastolic
      reflux measured on the R wave of th ECG and the maximal amplitude of anterograde
      systolic flow. This ratio eliminates the factor related to the incident angle
      between the ultrasound beam and the direction of blood flow. The values of this
      ratio were compared to the semi quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation
      from ascending aortic angiography. The only false negatives were observed in
      patients with negligible regurgitation (grade I). One false positive result was
      obtained in a patient in whom it was difficult to obtain the recording and in
      whom the value of the ratio was very low (0,02). Global specificity was 91 p. 100
      and sensitivity was 82 p. 100. The sensitivity for average or severe
      regurgitation was 100 p. 100. The correlation coefficient between the Doppler
      index or regurgitation and the semi quantitative angiographic estimation was
      0,69. In patients with pure aortic regurgitation the correlation reached 0,85 (p
      less than 0,001). The differences between the different groups then became highly
      significant.

PMID- 6818917
TI  - [Myocardial ischemia and carotid surgery. Holter study of 21 severe coronary
      patients. Preventive effect of intravenous trinitrin].
AB  - Cervical carotid artery surgery is increasingly being performed in elderly,
      polyvascular, high risk patients, some of whom have severe coronary artery
      disease. Is this right? The effects of this almost routine surgical procedure
      from the technical point of view were analysed with respect to the coronary
      lesions. 1. A retrospective study of coronary events occurring in the
      peroperative or immediate postoperative period and at short term was carried out
      in 367 patients aged over 70 years old (average 73,4 years) undergoing 424
      cervical carotid artery procedures with a particularly high coronary risk. 2. A
      prospective study of ischemic ECG changes occurring in the period between
      induction of anaesthesia and the 4th postoperative day was performed by Holter
      monitoring in 21 patients with severe coronary artery disease. The mortality and
      morbidity observed were very low and could be further reduced by certain
      anaesthetic and pre-and postoperative techniques. In particular, prophylactic
      intravenous trinitrin (0,5 to 1,5 gamma kg/min) was most effective in protecting
      the myocardium in 15 patients with severe angina (classes III and IV of the NYHA
      classification). The authors conclude that the surgical result depends mainly on
      the neurological status of the patients, the best results being obtained in
      asymptomatic patients (stage 0) or those having suffered transient ischemic
      attacks (stage 1). The global mortality and morbidity rate was less than 2 p. 100
      in those groups. On the other hand, long-term survival depends mainly on the
      severity of the coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6818918
TI  - [Chronologic analysis of variations in the velocity of the ascending slope of the
      apex cardiogram].

PMID- 6818919
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in diabetics by studying systolic time
      intervals].
AB  - Systolic time intervals were measured before and four minutes after maximal
      exercise stress testing in 54 patients without obvious cardiac disease. Twenty
      seven patients (average age 46 years) had diabetes of over 5 years standing
      (group II); group I comprised 27 normal controls (average age 46 years). All
      patients underwent maximal treadmill stress testing using the Bruce protocol and
      the maximal heart rate was achieved without any signs of coronary insufficiency.
      No significant difference was observed in the basal systolic time intervals of
      the two groups. The difference was not significant 4 minutes after the stress
      test. However, when the changes before and after exercise were compared, the
      patients in group I had a significant increase in heart rate (p less than 0,001),
      a reduction in the duration of electromechanical systole (QB2; p less than 0,02)
      in the preejectional period (PEP; p less than 0,001) and in the PEP/LVET ratio: p
      less than 0,01, whilst left ventricular ejection time (LVET) remained unchanged.
      The patients in group II only showed an increase in heart rate (p less than 0,01)
      and LVET (p less than 0,001). The differences in the systolic time intervals
      after exercise between these two groups probably reflect a degree of cardiac
      dysfunction which is not apparent at rest.

PMID- 6818920
TI  - [Evaluation of systolic intervals in Duchenne cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Patients with progressive muscular dystrophy rarely survive beyond the second or
      third decades: the commonest causes of death are respiratory failure and cardiac
      failure. An easily repeatable method for early recognition of cardiac dysfunction
      and its follow-up would therefore be valuable. We performed a polycardiographic
      study of systolic time intervals in 11 patients with dystrophy (each subject
      representing an age from 7 to 17 years) in a group comprising 10 of their mothers
      and in control groups matched for age and sex. The mean values of QS2, PEP and
      QS1 were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (QS2 : 543 +/- 26
      msec compared to 519 +/- 19 msec; PEP : 142 +/- 21 msec compared to 123 +/- 18
      msec, and QS1 : 105 +/- 22 msec compared to 75 +/- 12 msec) whilst mean ICT was
      shorter (36 +/- 11 msec, compared to 49 +/- 5 msec). Mean LVET was comparable in
      patients and control. These results indicate a reduction in compliance and an
      increase in end diastolic left ventricular tension. When the systolic time
      intervals were analysed in each child, an increase in PEP and reduction in LVET
      were characteristic of the more serious phases of the disease with cardiac
      failure. It is emphasized that early stages of the disease are characterised by
      restrictive changes resulting in a reduction in ICT whilst terminal stages with
      reduced cardiac output cause a reduction in LVET and an increase in PEP. No
      significant changes were found in the mothers of patients compared to the control
      group. These results indicate that systolic time intervals may be useful in
      following up patients with Duchenne's cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6818921
TI  - [Electro-vectorcardiographic study in Duchenne de Boulogne progressive muscular
      dystrophy].
AB  - Electrocardiographic changes are well known in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
      (DMD). Their cause is still controversial. The aim of this study was: to verify
      the genetic theory of these changes to improve our understanding of their
      pathogenesis, by studying the distribution and characteristics of the mother
      carriers; to determine whether electro-vectocardiography could be of value in
      detecting carriers of the disease. Fourteen patients aged from 7 to 17 years old
      with DMD underwent ECG and VCG. ECG changes were recorded in 13 of the 14 cases:
      increased amplitude of the R wave in the right precordial leads or deep Q waves
      (amplitude greater than or equal to 2 mm, duration less than 0,04 msec) in the
      peripheral or left precordial leads. The algebraic sum of R--S in V1 was greater
      than normal in 6 carriers. VCG criteria of posterior myocardial infarction were
      fulfilled in 11 patients. "Bites" were recorded in 4 patients and 8 carriers.
      Electrical changes were therefore found in both patients and carriers with equal
      significance: in the first group the main appearances were of pseudo-infarction,
      principally involving the posterior wall; in the second group, less specific
      changes, best recorded on VCG, suggesting foci of myocardial fibrosis were
      observed. We think that the "bites" recorded in 66 p. 100 of mothers, could be a
      useful parameter for detecting carrier subjects.

PMID- 6818922
TI  - [Myocobacterium tuberculosis endomyocarditis. Apropos of a case in a patient with
      a mitral valve prosthesis].
AB  - A case of lethal cardiac tuberculosis with myocardial and endocardial involvement
      is reported in a 46 year old man with a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis
      inserted two years previously for severe mitral regurgitation, secondary to
      ruptured chordae of the posterior mitral leaflet. Apart from tuberculous
      pericarditis, cardiac involvement is extremely rare; it occurs in "tuberculous
      septicemia" whose characteristic features--tuberculinic anergy, hematological
      abnormalities especially pancytopenia,--lead to delay in diagnosis, which is
      usually fatal. The case presented is an example.

PMID- 6818923
TI  - [Treatment of Prinzmetal's angina with normal coronary vessels by thoracic
      sympathectomy].
AB  - Two cases of Prinzmetal angina with normal coronary arteries are reported:
      coronary spasm was demonstrated in the left anterior descending artery in the
      first, and in the right coronary artery in the second case. Invalidating angina
      persisted despite maximal medical treatment with nitrite derivatives, nifedipine,
      verapamil and amiodarone. Homolateral thoracic sympathectomy led to long term
      remission of symptoms in one case and a short remission in the other, who then
      had to undergo complete denervation by plexectomy. Two hours after reoperation a
      refractory spasm of the right coronary artery led to the death of the patient.
      The possible causes of refractory coronary spasm and possible therapeutic
      approaches are discussed with reference to these cases.

PMID- 6818924
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis].

PMID- 6818925
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid protein profile in children].

PMID- 6818926
TI  - [Major histocompatibility complex and immune response genes in man].

PMID- 6818927
TI  - [Polygenic control of the immune response].

PMID- 6818928
TI  - Salt-sensitivity of complement (C)-consumption induced by anticomplementary
      antigens and antigen/antibody complexes.

PMID- 6818929
TI  - Immunotherapy with monovalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in chronic
      respiratory infections.

PMID- 6818931
TI  - Fluorides are working.

PMID- 6818930
TI  - Monovalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines in the treatment of otolaryngeal
      infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6818932
TI  - Business computers: have we been here before?

PMID- 6818933
TI  - How much is your practice worth?

PMID- 6818934
TI  - Adenosine coronary vasodilation and sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstriction
      during altered PCO2.
AB  - We used the open-chest, anesthetized dog to investigate the possible influence of
      blood PCO2 on alpha-adrenergic constriction (ansa subclavia stimulation) of
      previously dilated (adenosine infusion into the left anterior descendens LAD)
      coronary vessels. During hypercapnia, LAD flow was increased to a significantly
      greater degree by adenosine than during normocapnia. Adenosine infusion during
      hypocapnia was least effective in dilating the coronary vasculature. Ansa
      stimulation at the peak of the adenosine response attenuated LAD flow by 7 and 33
      percent respectively during hypo- and hypercapnia. Although there was a
      significant effect of PCO2 on the vascular response to adenosine, the ability of
      the adrenergic nerves to attenuate this response in the presence of an altered
      PCO2 seemed to relate to this pre-existing level of coronary tone.

PMID- 6818935
TI  - [Clinical forms of Chagas' disease in Greater Sao Paulo].

PMID- 6818936
TI  - Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in rat dental pulp explants in vitro
      by 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - When excised rat dental pulp tissue was incubated in Krebs solution,
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was released into the medium. The release was completely
      blocked by the PG synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (0.1 mM). Exogenous
      arachidonic acid (0.01 mM), a substrate of PG synthetase, increased the amount of
      PGE2 production and the endogenous PGE2 biosynthesis was strongly stimulated by 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at concentrations higher than 0.01 mM. Bradykinin (0.1
      mM) and histamine (0.1 mM) had no effect.

PMID- 6818937
TI  - Diffusion of sugars and acids in human dental plaque in vitro.
AB  - Using a clearance technique, diffusion coefficients, D, were measured in plaque
      samples in which metabolic activity was eliminated by fixation with
      glutaraldehyde. Diffusion coefficients for sucrose, sodium acetate and sodium
      lactate at 37 degrees C were 3.0, 5.0 and 4.8 x 10(-6) cm2 s-1, respectively.
      Diffusion rate in plaque was between 2- and 5-fold slower than in water with
      uncharged species retarded less than charged species. However, diffusion in thin
      layers of plaque (100 microns) was rapid with clearance-halving times. T1/2, of
      about 6 s for acetate and lactate and 9 s for sucrose. Acetic and lactic acids
      diffuse faster than sucrose in plaque. Thus, the prolonged lowering of plaque pH
      following exposure to dietary carbohydrate is due to continued acid production in
      the plaque rather than to a restriction of diffusion of acid.

PMID- 6818938
TI  - Epidemiology and transmission of Theileria sp of cattle in Australia.
AB  - Theileria sp occurs in cattle in Australia where Boophilus microplus is not
      present. Two species of ixodid ticks namely Haemaphysalis longicornis and H.
      bancrofti have been implicated as natural vectors. Experimental transmission was
      obtained with these two species but attempts to transmit the infection with B.
      microplus, Ixodes holocyclus and Amblyomma triguttatum were not successful.
      Although calves born in the enzootic area may become infected before one-month
      old most show evidence of infection by 5 months of age. Calves born in the winter
      also become infected earlier than those born at other times of the year.

PMID- 6818939
TI  - Comparisons of the serologic response of chickens to Pasteurella multocida and
      its lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Chickens were inoculated with serotype 3 Pasteurella multocida cells or purified
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their serologic responses to LPS and heat-stable
      antigens of 16 serotypes were compared. Chickens inoculated with cells or LPS had
      antibodies against LPS as determined by indirect hemagglutination tests; titers
      were highest 2-4 weeks after the initial inoculation. Sera from chickens
      inoculated with cells reacted with unheated and heated cell antigen in a tube
      agglutination test. Sera from chickens inoculated with LPS reacted only with
      heated cell antigen in the tube-agglutination test. Nonspecific reactions with
      heat-stable antigens of other serotypes occurred in the gel-diffusion-precipitin
      test with sera from chickens inoculated with cells but not with sera from
      chickens inoculated with LPS. Antisera prepared against LPS could be used for
      serotyping field isolates of P. multocida.

PMID- 6818940
TI  - Serologic types and physiologic characteristics of 46 avian Pasteurella
      anatipestifer cultures.
AB  - Forty-six strains of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from different avian
      species were examined to determine their serologic types and physiologic
      characteristics. Serologic types were determined by a gel-diffusion precipitin
      test. Antigens from 39 field isolates reacted with antisera prepared from seven
      P. anatipestifer reference strains representing serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7.
      Antigens from five isolates did not react and could not be typed with available
      reagents. Gel precipitin reactions involving serotype 1 (43.6%) and serotype 2
      (25.6%) were the most prevalent. Generally, the physiologic characteristics from
      40 tests were typical for P. anatipestifer, and variations were observed among
      the strains in urease production, hemolysin production, litmus milk reaction, and
      gelatin liquefaction.

PMID- 6818942
TI  - Influence of malnutrition on mental development and behavior.

PMID- 6818941
TI  - Association of liposomes with the isolated perfused rabbit heart.
AB  - Liposomes were prepared from a mixture of either phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
      cholesterol (Ch) (7:2) (neutral), PC, dicetylphosphate and Ch (4:1:3) (negative),
      or PC, stearylamine and Ch (4:1:3) (positive). In addition, as the lipid phase
      liposomal marker, 3H- or 14C-Ch was added. Alternatively, 14C-labelled mannitol,
      glucose or inulin was used as the aqueous phase-marker in some experiments. The
      liposomes were purified by Sephadex gel chromatography and by using microfilter.
      After 4 h of sonication, 95% of the total liposomes were found to be smaller than
      1.2 microns. The entrapment volume was calculated to be 0.9-1.2
      microliters/mumole of lipid. The ratio of lipid radioactivity and aqueous phase
      radioactivity, which were found in a non-filtrable portion of the perfusate,
      remained constant during a heart-perfusion period of 30 min, indicating that the
      liposomes were stable during the experimental period. The wash-out experiment
      indicated that the liposomes were distributed in a space of the perfused heart
      nearly as large as the mannitol space. The liposomes were rapidly taken up by the
      heart during perfusion in a Langendorff manner. The positive liposomes were taken
      up by the perfused nonischemic heart at a greater rate than were the negative
      liposomes. The results with perfused ischemic hearts were equivocal. The
      liposomal label was found to be distributed unequally in the subcellular
      fractions, namely, relatively greater amounts (per mg protein) of liposome-bound
      radioactivity of Ch or mannitol were found in the microsomal fraction than in the
      mitochondrial or cytosolic fractions of the perfused heart. This distribution
      pattern was not influenced by the electrical charge of liposomes or by the
      oxygenation state of the heart perfusion. The accumulation of the liposomal label
      in the microsomal fraction found in the heart perfusion experiment could not be
      observed in the experiment in which tissue slices were incubated in the presence
      of liposomes, or in the experiment in which free mannitol was administered in the
      heart perfusion.

PMID- 6818943
TI  - Nutrition in early life and the development of resistance and immunity.

PMID- 6818944
TI  - Xenobiotics in the environment of the fetus and the food of the infant and
      consequences for later life.

PMID- 6818945
TI  - Chemical, photochemical and spectroscopic characterization of an alkaline
      proteinase from Bacillus subtilis variant DY.
AB  - Circular-dichroism and fluorescence studies indicate that the 5
      dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl and phenylmethanesulphonyl derivatives of
      subtilisin DY have three-dimensional structure closely similar to that of native
      enzyme. The single tryptophan residue is largely accessible to the aqueous
      solvent, and is not directly involved in the enzyme-substrate interactions, since
      its photochemical modification causes only a partial inhibition of the enzyme
      activity. It appears very likely that the location of the single tryptophan
      residue in the three-dimensional structure of subtilisin DY is similar to that of
      the single tryptophan residue in subtilisin Carlsberg. Fluorescence-quenching
      experiments further indicate that the 14 tyrosine residues are also largely
      accessible to the aqueous solvent, and probably interact with hydrated peptide
      carbonyl groups. The charge environment for tryptophan and tyrosine residues in
      subtilisin DY, as deduced by quenching experiments with ionic species, is also
      discussed. In general, subtilisin DY displays strong similarities to subtilisin
      Carlsberg, as suggested by a comparative analysis of the amino acid composition
      and fluorescence properties.

PMID- 6818946
TI  - Effects of pH and urea on the conformational properties of subtilisin DY.
AB  - Subtilisin DY is very resistant to the denaturing action of urea: the
      conformational properties are not affected up to 4.5 M-urea, and even in the
      presence of 8 M-urea there is only a slow loss of ordered structure and
      caseinolytic activity. C.d. and fluorescence-emission studies also show that this
      proteinase is stable in the 5.5-10.0 pH range, whereas below pH 5.5 a sharp
      denaturation occurs that is complete at pH 4.5. Protein denaturation leads to a
      change of the emission quantum yield; in particular, in the native protein,
      indole fluorescence is quenched by some amino groups. Moreover, subtilisin DY
      possesses two classes of tyrosine residues: one class of exposed residues
      titrates normally, with pKapp. = 10.24, whereas one class of partially buried or
      hydrogen-bonded residues ionizes with pKapp. = 11.58. In general, such
      conformational properties resemble those of other subtilisins. However, some
      differences occur: e.g., subtilisin DY is less stable at acidic pH values and its
      tyrosine residues are more accessible to the solvent. Such differences are
      probably due to small variations of the three-dimensional structure; e.g.,
      subtilisin DY has a slightly lower alpha-helix content.

PMID- 6818947
TI  - The acyl-enzyme mechanism of beta-lactamase action. The evidence for class C Beta
      lactamases.
AB  - Methanol or ethanol can replace water in the action of certain chromosomal beta
      lactamases on benzylpenicillin: the products are alpha-methyl or alpha-ethyl
      benzylpenicilloate. The beta-lactamases were from a mutant of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa 18S that produces the enzyme constitutively [Flett, Curtis & Richmond
      (1976) J. Bacteriol. 127, 1585-1586; Berks, Redhead & Abraham (1982) J. Gen.
      Microbiol. 128, 155-159] and from Escherichia coli K12 (the ampC beta-lactamase)
      [Lindstrom, Boman & Steele (1970) J. Bacteriol. 101, 218-231]. The variation of
      the rates of alcoholysis and hydrolysis with concentration of alcohol show that
      the rate-determining step is breakdown of an intermediate. This intermediate is
      likely to be the acyl-enzyme. The esters, alpha-methyl or alpha-ethyl
      benzylpenicilloate, are themselves substrates for the Pseudomonas beta-lactamase,
      benzylpenicilloic acid being formed. Thus this beta-lactamase can be an esterase.
      The kinetics for the hydrolysis of cloxacillin by the Pseudomonas beta-lactamase
      are consistent with the acyl-enzyme, formed by acylation of serine-80, being an
      intermediate in the overall hydrolysis.

PMID- 6818948
TI  - Steady-state kinetic studies of the inhibitory action of Zn2+ on ribonuclease T1
      catalysis.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of specific inhibition by Zn2+ of ribonuclease T1 catalysis
      was studied by steady-state kinetic analysis of transphosphorylation of
      dinucleotides, GpCp(3'), GpUp(2') and GpUp(3'), and dinucleoside monophosphates,
      GpC and GpU. The inhibition was not simply competitive, non-competitive or
      uncompetitive, but the kinetic data were compatible with a mechanism of 'fully
      mixed inhibition' in which a fully non-competitive action was associated with a
      partially competitive action. Apparent equilibrium quotients involved in this
      model of inhibition were determined for the dinucleotide substrates, and we found
      that binding of either of Zn2+ and substrate was facilitated when the other was
      bound. The location of Zn2+ was suggested to be near His-40 and/or His-92 of the
      ribonuclease T1 molecule.

PMID- 6818949
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of lectin binding to human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The binding of fluorescein-conjugated lentil lectin and concanavalin A to the
      surface membrane of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by flow
      cytometry. The lymphocytes bound 3-fold more lentil lectin molecules compared
      with concanavalin A molecules and lentil lectin binding approached saturation at
      a much lower concentration than did that of concanavalin A. Lentil lectin
      identified two groups of lymphocytes: a low-binding T-cell fraction and a high
      binding B-cell-enriched fraction. Concanavalin A did not discriminate between
      these populations in unseparated lymphocytes. Competition studies indicated that
      lentil lectin and concanavalin A were bound to different sites on the lymphocyte
      surface, although about 50% of lentil lectin sites were in close proximity to
      concanavalin A sites.

PMID- 6818950
TI  - Transformation-specific cell killing by a cancer-associated galactosyltransferase
      acceptor and cellular binding.
AB  - Cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor (CAGA glycoprotein), a small
      glycoprotein purified from human malignant effusion that selectively kills
      transformed cells, was tritiated by reductive methylation in the presence of
      NaB(3)H(4). CAGA-glycoprotein-sensitive cells (baby-hamster kidney cells
      transformed by polyoma virus and chick-embryo fibroblasts infected with Ts68
      temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus grown at 37 degrees C, the
      permissive temperature) bound 3-5-fold more (3)H-labelled CAGA glycoprotein than
      did their CAGA-glycoprotein-resistant non-transformed counterparts. The Rous
      sarcoma-virus-infected chick-embryo fibroblasts grown at non-permissive
      temperature (41 degrees C) bound an intermediate amount of (3)H-labelled CAGA
      glycoprotein; however, this intermediate amount appeared to be sufficient to
      induce inhibition of cell growth when the infected chick-embryo fibroblasts
      treated at 41 degrees C were switched to 37 degrees C. Binding of (3)H-labelled
      CAGA glycoprotein was time- and temperature-dependent and was not inhibited by
      monosaccharide. Binding was completely inhibited by the oligosaccharide liberated
      by endoglucosaminidase H treatment or by exhaustive Pronase digestion of intact
      CAGA glycoprotein. However, the isolated oligosaccharide failed to demonstrate
      the growth-inhibition characteristics of the intact glycopeptide. Binding of (3)H
      labelled CAGA glycoprotein was unaffected by co-incubation with the peptide core
      released by endoglucosaminidase H treatment. (3)H-labelled CAGA glycoprotein
      bound to intact cells could be removed by trypsin treatment up to 4h after
      addition of the glycoprotein but not thereafter. This time course paralleled the
      decreasing reversibility of growth inhibition. However, all (3)H-labelled CAGA
      glycoprotein was found in the supernatant when cells were first disrupted by
      sonication followed by trypsin treatment for up to 12h. (3)H-labelled CAGA
      glycoprotein linked to Sepharose 4B failed to cause growth inhibition in CAGA
      glycoprotein-sensitive cells. These findings suggest that binding of CAGA
      glycoprotein occurs via its oligosaccharide moiety. Binding appears to be a
      necessary but not sufficient condition to induce cell killing. Growth inhibition
      appears to depend on internalization of the glycoprotein and the presence of a
      transformation-specific cell process.

PMID- 6818951
TI  - Stimulating role of potassium ions and ouabain on glycogen synthesis in adipose
      tissue.
AB  - 1. Exposure of fat-pads to increasing concentrations of K+ in the presence of
      insulin stimulates the incorporation of labelled glucose into glycogen. In the
      absence of hormone, only a slight incorporation of glucose into glycogen and
      slight glucose oxidation were detectable. 2. Ouabain alone, up to 100 microM, had
      no effect on synthesis of glycogen. Ouabain reinforced the effect of insulin on
      the conversion of glucose into glycogen in a Na+ medium and in a equimolar Na+-K+
      medium, but not in a K+ medium. In addition, ouabain modified the optimal K+/Na+
      ratio for glycogen synthesis. 3. The proportion of glycogen synthase in the
      active form was increased in a K+ medium, and a faster rate of conversion of
      synthase b into a was observed under these conditions. No difference was detected
      in the rate of inactivation of phosphorylase in a K+ or a Na+ medium. 4. Even
      though these results, taken together, are consistent with the proposed role of
      phosphorylase a in the regulation of synthase activation, the molecular mechanism
      of action of K+ in adipose tissue in increasing synthesis of glycogen cannot be
      explained simply by a faster inactivation of phosphorylase a. It is concluded
      that some undetermined effector(s) or signal could itself be a primary
      determinant for the greater activation of synthase observed in a K+ medium.

PMID- 6818952
TI  - A single mechanism for the stimulation of insulin release and 86Rb+ efflux from
      rat islets by cationic amino acids.
AB  - The mechanisms by which cationic amino acids influence pancreatic B-cell function
      have been studied by monitoring simultaneously (86)Rb(+) efflux and insulin
      release from perifused rat islets. The effects of two reference amino acids
      arginine and lysine were compared with those of closely related substances to
      define the structural requirements for recognition of these molecules as
      secretagogues. Arginine accelerated (86)Rb(+) efflux and increased insulin
      release in the absence or in the presence of 7mm-glucose. Its effects on efflux
      did not require the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) or Na(+), but its
      insulinotropic effects were suppressed in a Ca(2+)-free medium and inhibited in
      an Na(+)-free medium. Among arginine derivatives, only 2-amino-3
      guanidinopropionic acid mimicked its effects on (86)Rb(+) efflux and insulin
      release; citrulline, guanidinoacetic acid, 3-guanidinopropionic acid and
      guanidine were inactive. Norvaline and valine also increased (86)Rb(+) efflux,
      but their effect required the presence of extracellular Na(+); they did not
      stimulate insulin release. Lysine as well as the shorter-chain cationic amino
      acids ornithine and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid accelerated (86)Rb(+) efflux in a
      Ca(2+)- and Na(+)-independent manner. Their stimulation of insulin release was
      suppressed by Ca(2+) omission, but only partially inhibited in an Na(+)-free
      medium. The uncharged glutamine and norleucine increased the rate of (86)Rb(+)
      efflux in the presence of glucose, only if extracellular Na(+) was present.
      Norleucine slightly increased release in a Ca(2+)- and Na(+)-dependent manner.
      The effects of lysine on efflux and release were not mimicked by other related
      substances such as 1,5-diaminopentane and 6-aminohexanoic acid. The results
      suggest that the depolarizing effect of cationic amino acids is due to
      accumulation of these positively charged molecules in B-cells. This causes
      acceleration of the efflux of K(+) ((86)Rb(+)) and activation of the influx of
      Ca(2+) (which triggers insulin release). The prerequisite for the stimulation of
      B-cells by this mechanism appears to be the presence of a positive charge on the
      side chain of the amino acid, rather than a specific group.

PMID- 6818953
TI  - Zinc release and the sequence of biochemical events during triggering of Bacillus
      megaterium KM spore germination.
AB  - Zinc release is the first quantitatively significant event detected during the
      triggering of Bacillus megaterium KM spore germination. Of the total spore Zn2+
      pool 25% is released from non-heat-activated spores within 4 min of triggering
      germination. During this period only 10% of the spore population becomes
      irreversibly committed to germinate. The investigation of a putative role for
      Zn2+ in the germination trigger mechanism has established a relationship between
      the rate and extent of Zn2+ release and the stimulation of spore germination by
      heat activation. Furthermore, a correlation can be demonstrated between the
      extent of zinc release from spore populations and the time required to obtain 50%
      commitment of these populations to germinate over a wide temperature range. These
      findings have been used to expand a recently published model for the triggering
      of bacterial spore germination.

PMID- 6818954
TI  - Restriction of bacterial growth by inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by using
      monofluoromethylornithine, difluoromethylarginine and dicyclohexylammonium
      sulphate.
AB  - Bacterial growth was measurably slowed by a combination of drugs which inhibit
      polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes. Addition of DL-alpha-monofluoromethylornithine,
      which was shown to inactivate irreversibly ornithine decarboxylase extracted from
      Escherichia coli (Ki = 0.36 mM) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ki = 0.30 mM), DL
      alpha-difluoromethylarginine and dicyclohexylammonium sulphate to cultures of E.
      coli or P. aeruginosa resulted in a 40 and 70% increase in generation times
      (decreased growth rates) respectively, which was completely reversed by the
      addition of 0.1 mM-putrescine plus 0.1 mM-spermidine to the medium. Decreased
      intracellular polyamine concentrations correlated with increased generation
      times; putrescine concentration was decreased by 70% in E. coli and 80% in P.
      aeruginosa, while spermidine concentration was decreased by 50% in E. coli and
      95% in P. aeruginosa. Subsequent investigation of the inactivation of the
      ornithine decarboxylase by monofluoromethylornithine indicated that it was active
      site directed, as the normal substrate ornithine slowed the rate of inhibition.
      Specific interference with polyamine biosynthesis may be a viable approach to
      control of some bacterial infections.

PMID- 6818956
TI  - Role of phospholipid hydrolysis in the mechanism of toxic cell death by calcium
      and ionophore A23187.

PMID- 6818955
TI  - Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by vasopressin and angiotensin in rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The addition of 1 microM-vasopressin or -angiotensin to isolated rat hepatocytes
      induced a fast transient inhibition of the rate of incorporation of [Me
      3H]choline into phosphatidylcholine. The cationophore A23187 induced a similar
      inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The addition of micromolar Ca2+ to
      rat liver microsomes inhibited the activity of CDP-choline: 1,2-diacylglycerol
      cholinephosphotransferase. This inhibition is due a decrease in the Vmax. of the
      enzyme without affecting the Km for CDP-choline. It is concluded that Ca2+
      regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat liver.

PMID- 6818957
TI  - Tryptophan synthase in maize (Zea mays L.): I. In vivo & in vitro demonstration
      of enzyme activity.

PMID- 6818959
TI  - The inhibition of DNA repair in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by aphidicolin:
      evidence for the involvement of alpha polymerase in the repair process.

PMID- 6818958
TI  - Inactivation of beta-lactamase I from B. cereus 569/H with phenylglyoxal, an
      arginine-selective reagent.

PMID- 6818962
TI  - Isolation of rabbit testicular cathepsin D and its role in the activation of
      proacrosin.

PMID- 6818963
TI  - Calcium stimulation of the 5-lipoxygenase from RBL-1 cells.

PMID- 6818961
TI  - Vitamin K dependent formation of gamma-carboxyglutamate residues in tumor
      microsomes.

PMID- 6818960
TI  - Interaction of ribonuclease T1 with DNA, mononucleotides and oligonucleotides.

PMID- 6818964
TI  - Effects of aphidicolin on the recovery of ribosomal RNA synthesis and on the
      repair of potentially lethal damage in UV irradiated simian and human cells.

PMID- 6818965
TI  - Failure of phenobarbital to induce rat hepatic microsomal UDP
      glucuronyltransferase toward phenolphthalein.

PMID- 6818966
TI  - Effect of the intracellular Ca+2 antagonist TMB-8 on serum-stimulated Na+ influx
      in human fibroblasts.

PMID- 6818967
TI  - Regulation of muscle phosphorylase activity by carnosine and anserine.

PMID- 6818969
TI  - Isolation and characterization of minor glycosaminoglycans in the rabbit vitreous
      body.

PMID- 6818970
TI  - Purification and some properties of cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 17
      alpha-hydroxylation and C17-C20 bond cleavage from guinea pig adrenal microsomes.

PMID- 6818968
TI  - Random distribution of NADPH-specific flavoprotein and cytochrome P-450 in liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 6818971
TI  - Inhibition of aldose reductases from rat and bovine lenses by flavonoids.
AB  - Thirty flavones, four isoflavones and thirteen coumarins were tested as
      inhibitors of lens aldose reductase, which is believed to participate in the
      initiation of cataract formation in diabetes. Many were found to be potent
      inhibitors, and the two most potent ones were axillarin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy
      3,6-dimethoxyflavone) and 6,3',4'-trihydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (LARI 1).
      These two flavones inhibited aldose reductase purified from rat lens with IC50
      values of 2.6 X 10(8) and 3.6 X 10(8) M respectively. They also inhibited aldose
      reductase purified from bovine lens with IC50 values of 1.8 X 10(7) M. The
      potencies of the two compounds were superior to those of all the previously
      reported inhibitors of aldose reductase. Inhibition of rat and bovine lens aldose
      reductases by the two compounds was of a non-competitive type with DL
      glyceraldehyde as the variable substrate. Some flavones including axillarin and
      LARI 1 were found to be poorly or scarcely inhibitory against several
      adeninenucleotide-requiring enzymes, which are involved in glycolysis and other
      metabolic reactions. These results obtained show that the two flavones have some
      features which may be required in clinically useful drugs for diabetic patients.
      All the potent inhibitors of the compounds tested had a flavone skeleton, one (or
      two free) hydroxyl(s) in ring C, and more than three hydroxyls (free or
      methylated) in ring A. The possible relationships of structures to inhibitory
      potencies of the compounds tested are discussed.

PMID- 6818972
TI  - Clorgyline and deprenyl insensitive monoamine oxidase in rat brain soluble
      fraction.
AB  - A substantial percentage of monoamine oxidase activity was found in the soluble
      fraction of rat brain homogenates. The enzyme was not inhibited in vivo by high
      doses of clorgyline and deprenyl (12 mg/kg for 2 hr). Monoamine oxidase activity
      associated with the soluble fraction did not show the usual biphasic dose
      response kinetics with clorgyline when kynuramine was used as the substrate. The
      present data show that there may be a new form of monoamine oxidase associated
      with the soluble fraction of the cell which has properties different from the two
      well-known monoamine oxidases A and B.

PMID- 6818973
TI  - Importance of extrahepatic sulphate conjugation.
AB  - A similar trend in the sulphate conjugation of isoprenaline and harmol was
      observed in the hepatic and three extrahepatic tissues, namely the kidney, small
      intestine and lung of some experimental animals. All the hepatic and some
      extrahepatic tissues exhibit this sulphating capability. In fact, some
      extrahepatic tissues, e.g. monkey lung, kidney and small intestine, mouse kidney
      and guinea-pig small intestine surpass their respective livers in this sulphate
      conjugating reaction. When no or low activity was observed, a consistent pattern
      was found for both substrates. In general, isoprenaline is a better acceptor than
      harmol; the greatest difference was obtained with the mouse kidney preparation
      where an 18-fold difference was attributed partly to the higher sulphotransferase
      activity for isoprenaline than for harmol. The importance of extrahepatic
      sulphate conjugation is discussed.

PMID- 6818974
TI  - Impairment of absorption of ascorbic acid following ingestion of aspirin in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - A study was undertaken to investigate the interactions between aspirin and
      ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. Animals received by gastric intubation either a
      single dose of radiolabelled ascorbic acid alone or ascorbic acid with aspirin
      and the exhalation of CO2 was monitored for 400 min following administration.
      Animals receiving the vitamin only reached plasma peak levels within 90 min
      following administration while coadministration of the vitamin with aspirin, not
      only resulted in lower plasma peak levels, but also delayed their attainment
      until after 160 min. The bioavailability of ascorbic acid during the first 400
      min was reduced by half following simultaneous administration of aspirin. The
      initial rate of exhalation of CO2 was decreased by 70% following coadministration
      of aspirin. These observations indicate that aspirin impairs the gastrointestinal
      absorption of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs, possibly by interfering with its
      active transport.

PMID- 6818975
TI  - Forskolin (a powerful inhibitor of human platelet aggregation).

PMID- 6818976
TI  - Evaluation of the lipid-lowering activity of AY-25,712 in rats.
AB  - The effect of AY-25,712 (2-methyl-2-phenyl-3(2H)-furanone-5-carboxylic acid) on
      serum lipids, hepatic lipogenesis and biliary cholesterol was investigated in
      male rats. Based on one-week treatment, the minimal effective dose of AY-25,712
      which lowered serum triglycerides was 1 mg/kg/day, and LDL-cholesterol, 5
      mg/kg/day. Nicotinic acid produced a similar lipid-lowering profile albeit at 5
      times higher doses. AY-25,712 at doses of 2 mg/kg/day and higher significantly
      increased the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol. Unlike clofibrate, AY-25,712 did
      not increase liver weight or liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase, nor increase biliary cholesterol levels in rats fed a diet
      containing 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid. AY-25,712 lowered serum
      cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in rats rendered hyperlipidemic with
      Triton WR-1339 and decreased the elevated serum triglycerides in streptozotocin
      diabetic rats. [14C]Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by liver homogenate
      was suppressed in rats given AY-25,712 p.o. for 1 week. The results show that AY
      25,712 is a potent LDL-cholesterol- and triglyceride-lowering agent in rats, and
      that its lipid-lowering profile differs from that of clofibrate but resembles
      that of nicotinic acid.

PMID- 6818977
TI  - The assessment of Achilles tendon size in primary hypercholesterolaemia by
      computed tomography.
AB  - The Achilles tendons of 43 men and women were examined by conventional
      radiography and by computed tomography (CT). Eleven subjects were normolipidaemic
      and 32 had familial hypercholesterolaemia, of whom 19 were considered to have
      polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and 13 monogenic. Achilles tendon xanthomata were
      identifiable by both radiography and CT. In assessing the size of xanthomata, CT
      had advantages since the junction between muscle and tendon was easily identified
      and all the dimensions and the cross-sectional area of the tendon could be
      measured. The area of Achilles tendons was closely correlated with body height in
      normolipidaemic men and women and patients with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia.
      In monogenic hypercholesterolaemia this relationship was lost. The tendons of the
      normolipidaemic group and of patients with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia were
      indistinguishable, whereas those of patients with monogenic hypercholesterolaemia
      were significantly larger. Neither the maximum nor the average CT attenuation
      values of the tendons differed significantly between the 3 groups. Of the
      patients with monogenic hypercholesterolaemia, those whose Achilles tendons were
      less than 200 mm2 in area had received treatment longer than those with larger
      tendons. CT shows promise as a means of assessing the therapeutic response of
      patients with monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 6818978
TI  - A method to evaluate the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by the aorta of
      Cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - The biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was investigated in vitro in
      the aortic tissue of the Cynomolgus monkey incubated with [14C]glucosamine. With
      the use of a new micromethod, it was possible to quantify the glycosaminoglycans
      and their radioactive distribution in the aortic tissue and incubation medium.
      Labeled and nonlabeled chondroitin 6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate
      and hyaluronic acid were measured. Since the sensitivity of this procedure is
      between 5 and 20 micrograms of GAGs, as little as 5 mg of dry defatted aortic
      tissue is sufficient for chemical and radioactive analyses.

PMID- 6818979
TI  - On fulminant liver disease.

PMID- 6818980
TI  - [Ultrastructure diagnosis of a human Cryptosporidium sp. intestinal infection].

PMID- 6818981
TI  - [Effect of the ionophore A 23187 + Ca++ on erythrocytes of marine vertebrates].

PMID- 6818982
TI  - [Role of the functional independence of autonomic nervous system hemisections and
      their importance in the cardiac pathology].

PMID- 6818983
TI  - A study of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens: chemical
      modification of histidine residues.
AB  - The flavoprotein p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is
      inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Below pH 7, diethyl pyrocarbonate reacts
      specifically with histidine residues. The inactivation reaction is biphasic and
      follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Four of the nine histidine residues of the
      enzyme are modified. During the first phase of the reaction, one histidine
      residue is modified and leads to a loss of about 30% of the activity.
      Modification of the additional three histidine residues during the second phase
      leads to complete loss of activity. Two of the latter histidine residues are
      essential for activity and are involved in the binding of reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The activity can be restored almost
      quantitatively upon treatment of modified enzyme with hydroxylamine. The modified
      enzyme is still capable of binding NADPH. The dissociation constant of the enzyme
      NADPH complex is larger by a factor of 10 for the modified enzyme as compared to
      that for the native enzyme. The modification does not affect the affinity of the
      enzyme for the substrate, although effectors protect two histidine residues from
      chemical modification by diethyl pyrocarbonate. The rate of inactivation of the
      enzyme is pH dependent and increases with increasing pH values. From the pH
      dependence of the rate constant, it is calculated that two cooperative histidine
      residues participate in the reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate. Both histidine
      residues possess a pKa' value of 6.2. At pH greater than 7, other reactions take
      place which are completely abolished in the presence of an effector (substrate)
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 6818984
TI  - Protein liganding to the activator cation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase.
AB  - Spinach leaf ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase forms a quaternary complex with
      CO2, carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate, and Cr2+ or Co2+. Oxidation of the cation in
      these complexes produces a protein--cation adduct which is sufficiently stable to
      be chromatographically isolated after enzyme denaturation. While stoichiometric
      levels of slowly exchanging cation can be specifically trapped after addition of
      protein denaturants as well as a vast molar excess of Mg2+, neither CO2 nor
      carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate remains bound to denatured protein under the
      conditions employed in these experiments. These observations demonstrate direct
      innersphere liganding of protein to the exchange-inert cation, which appears to
      bind at the site normally occupied by the physiologically active cation. Dimeric
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum also forms a
      quaternary complex containing stoichiometric amounts of enzyme protomer, CO2,
      Co2+, and carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate. Lack of a small subunit in the R.
      rubrum enzyme does not impair binding of the components of the quaternary complex
      in a nonexchangeable mode. Substantial amounts of protein--cation adduct are
      recovered upon oxidation and denaturation of the R. rubrum complex, supporting
      the prediction that the large subunits of the octameric plant enzyme should be
      the sites of cation binding. The first direct proof for such a hypothesis has
      been generated by separation of protein subunits derived from a spinach
      quaternary complex and by the demonstration that the bound cation is associated
      with the large subunit.

PMID- 6818985
TI  - Pepstatin binding to pepsin. Enzyme conformation changes monitored by nuclear
      magnetic resonance.

PMID- 6818986
TI  - Covalently activated glycogen phosphorylase: a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance and ultracentrifugation analysis.
AB  - Glycogen phosphorylase b reconstituted with pyridoxal pyrophosphate in place of
      the natural coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate, is shown to exist in a more activated
      (R) conformation than does native phosphorylase. Addition of nucleotide activator
      to the reconstituted enzyme traps it totally in this activated conformation.
      These conclusions were arrived at on the basis of tertiary structural information
      obtained from 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies, which allowed measurement
      of the nucleotide binding constant, and on the basis of quaternary structural
      information obtained via ultracentrifugal analysis of the enzyme in the presence
      of various effectors. Control experiments were performed with another modified
      form of the enzyme, pyridoxal phosphorylase. It is suggested that the transition
      state analogue pyridoxal pyrophosphate, bound at the active site, mimics the
      actual configuration of enzyme plus substrate achieved during the normal
      catalytic reaction and therefore traps the enzyme in an activated conformation.
      These findings agree well with recent results obtained with the alternate
      transition-state analogue pyridoxal pyrophosphate glucose [Withers, S. G.,
      Madsen, N. B., Sykes, B. D., Takagi, M., Shimomura, S., & Fukui, T. (1981) J.
      Biol. Chem. 256, 10759] and therefore provide further evidence for the
      "interacting phosphates" hypothesis presented in the latter paper.

PMID- 6818987
TI  - Reaction of human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase with micellar substrates
      is independent of the phase state of the lipid.
AB  - Micellar complexes with different phosphatidylcholine (PC) compositions were
      prepared by the dialysis of PC-cholesterol dispersions with cholate in the
      presence of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). The complexes isolated by gel
      filtration had molecular weights around 200 000, two apo A-I molecules per
      particle, PC to apo A-I molar ratios from 91 to 123, and cholesterol to apo A-I
      molar ratios from 6 to 11. The phase-transition behavior of these complexes was
      examined by fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene: the complexes
      containing dimyristoyl-PC had a transition temperature (Tm) of 32 degrees C, the
      complexes with dipalmitoyl-PC had a Tm of 45 degrees C, and those prepared with
      palmitoyloleoyl-PC were mostly present in the liquid-crystalline state in the
      temperature range investigated (55-7 degrees C). The initial velocities of the
      enzymatic reaction with purified human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase
      decreased in the order palmitoyloleoyl-PC greater than dipalmitoyl-PC greater
      than dimyristoyl-PC, at saturating micellar substrate levels. Arrhenius plots of
      the reaction rates from 15 to 41 degrees C were linear, and the activation
      energies ranged from 20 to 30 kcal/mol. These results indicate a marked
      dependence of the enzymatic reaction rates on the nature of the acyl donor, a
      dependence which is not related to the phase state of the bulk lipid in the
      micellar complexes.

PMID- 6818988
TI  - Further purification and characterization of scrapie prions.

PMID- 6818989
TI  - Concanavalin A binding and Ca2+ fluxes in rat spleen cells.
AB  - Addition of the mitogenic lectin concanavalin A to rat spleen cells results in a
      small increase in the steady-state Ca2+ content of the cells. 45Ca2+ fluxes were
      measured under conditions where artifacts due to Ca2+ binding to concanavalin A
      could be excluded. Both 45Ca2+ influx into and efflux from these cells are
      significantly activated by the lectin. If 45Ca2+ is added 30 min after
      concanavalin A the rate of influx is further enhanced. The increase in 45Ca2+
      influx correlates well with binding of concanavalin A to the cells. At low
      concentrations (optimal mitogenic) of the lectin (1 and 3 micrograms/ml) no
      significant increase in 45Ca2+ influx occurs but an increase in 45Ca2+ efflux is
      still observed. The results suggest that concanavalin A binding to the cell
      surface causes an increase in Ca2+ influx into the cells and that activation of
      Ca2+ efflux occurs as a response to an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ activity.
      Thus, Ca2+ may well play a role in triggering lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6818990
TI  - Evidence for a correlation between swimming velocity and membrane fluidity of
      Tetrahymena cells.
AB  - The influence of the physical state of the membrane on the swimming behaviour of
      Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied in cells with lipid-modified membranes. When
      the growth temperature of Tetrahymena cells was increased from 15 degrees C to 34
      degrees C or decreased from 39 degrees C to 15 degrees C, their swimming velocity
      changed gradually in a similar to the adaptive change in membrane lipid
      composition. Therefore, such adaptive changes in swimming velocity were not
      observed during short exposures to a different environment. Tetrahymena cells
      adapted to 34 degrees C swam at 570 microns/s. On incubation at 15 degrees C
      these cells swam at 100 microns/s. When the temperature was increased to 34
      degrees C after a 90-min incubation at 15 degrees C, the initial velocity was
      immediately recovered. On replacement of tetrahymanol with ergosterol, the
      swimming velocity of 34 degrees C-grown cells decreased to 210 microns/s, and the
      cells ceased to move when the temperature was decreased to 15 degrees C. To
      investigate the influence of the physical state of the membrane on the swimming
      velocity, total phospholipids were prepared from Tetrahymena cells grown under
      these different conditions. The fluidities of liposomes of these phospholipid
      were measured using stearate spin probe. The membrane fluidity of the cells
      cooled to 15 degrees C increased gradually during incubation at 15 degrees C. On
      the other hand, the fluidity of the heated cell decreased during incubation at 34
      degrees C. Replacement of tetrahymanol with ergosterol decreased the membrane
      fluidity markedly. Consequently, a good correlation was observed between swimming
      velocity and membrane fluidity; as the membrane fluidity increased, the swimming
      velocity increased linearly up to 600 microns/s. These results provide evidence
      for the regulation of the swimming behaviour by physical properties of the
      membrane.

PMID- 6818991
TI  - Asymmetry of arachidonic acid metabolism in the phospholipids of the human
      platelet membrane as studied with purified phospholipases.
AB  - Human platelets were incubated with high density lipoproteins (HDL) doubly
      labelled with either free [14C]arachidonate/[3H]arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine
      or free [14C]oleate/[3H]oleoylphosphatidylcholine. Whereas [14C]arachidonate was
      incorporated at a 10-15-times higher rate than [14C]oleic acid, the exchange of
      both species of phosphatidylcholine occurred to the same extent. In both cases,
      free 3H-labelled fatty acids were generated during the labelling procedure,
      indicating phospholipase A2 hydrolysis. A redistribution of radioactivity to
      other phospholipids was noted after exchange of
      [3H]arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine only. (2) The exchange of phosphatidylcholine
      to platelets was confirmed using [14C]choline-labelled dipalmitoyl-and 1
      palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholines. (3) Non-lytic degradation of
      platelet phospholipids by phospholipases revealed that free fatty acids were
      incorporated at the inside of the cells, whereas exchange was taking place on the
      platelet outer surface. However, 2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine displayed a
      more rapid movement towards the cell inside. The above findings suggest a
      topological asymmetry for the two pathways (acylation and exchange) of fatty acid
      renewal in platelets. The possible mechanisms and physiological relevance of the
      translocation of the external arachidonic acid pool across the membrane are
      discussed.

PMID- 6818992
TI  - Calcium-dependent K+ efflux from rat submandibular gland. The effects of
      trifluoperazine and quinidine.
AB  - The Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux from rat submandibular gland was studied using a K+
      sensitive electrode. A K+ efflux was induced by either adrenalin or by using the
      divalent cation ionophore A23187 plus added Ca2+ to bypass the receptor
      mechanism. Trifluoperazine, which was used to investigate the role of calmodulin,
      was found to block the adrenalin-induced K+ efflux but not the A23187/Ca2+
      induced K+ efflux. The adrenalin-induced K+ efflux was abolished by quinidine and
      the A23187/Ca2+-induced K+ efflux was significantly reduced by quinidine. In
      other experiments, the presence of indomethacin did not inhibit the adrenalin
      induced K+ efflux, and exogenously added arachidonic acid did not induce a K+
      efflux. It is concluded that neither prostaglandin synthesis, nor a cytosolic
      Ca2+-calmodulin complex is involved in the agonist-induced K+ efflux from rat
      submandibular gland. A similarity between the Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux mechanism
      of erythrocyte ghosts and submandibular tissue is indicated by their common
      response to quinidine.

PMID- 6818993
TI  - Ribosomal proteins of Streptomyces aureofaciens producing tetracycline.
AB  - Three different two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic systems were
      employed for identification of individual ribosomal proteins of Streptomyces
      aureofaciens. Proteins of small subunits were resolved into 21 spots. Larger
      ribosomal subunits contained 35 proteins. The separated ribosomal proteins from
      50 S subunits were transferred on nitrocellulose membranes for immunochemical
      estimations. Antibodies developed against 50 S proteins of S. aureofaciens and
      Escherichia coli were used for identification of structural homologies between 50
      S proteins of the two species. Results of the experiments indicate that about one
      half of the 50 S proteins of S. aureofaciens share common immunochemical
      determinants with corresponding proteins of 50 S subunits of E. coli. Evidence is
      presented that acidic ribosomal protein SL5 of large ribosomal subunits of S.
      aureofaciens can be assembled to E. coli P0 cores lacking proteins L7/L12.
      Reconstitution of the P0 cores with proteins SL5 or L7/L12 led to restoration of
      78% activity in polyphenylalanine synthesis.

PMID- 6818994
TI  - Defective repair of mitomycin C crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia and loss in
      confluent normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells.
AB  - Crosslink repair of mitomycin C-induced interstrand crosslinks was studied in
      exponentially growing and confluent normal human, transformed W138CT-1, Fanconi's
      anemia (FA) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group-A fibroblasts by the assay
      methods of alkaline sucrose centrifugation, hydroxyapatite column chromatography
      and S1-nuclease digestion. These three methods demonstrated unequivocally that
      crosslinking occurred at a rate of 0.13 crosslinks/10(8) Da per microgram per ml
      mitomycin C (less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) and the first half-excision
      of crosslinks followed the rapid first-order kinetics of 2-3 h half-life in
      exponentially-growing normal, WI38CT-1 and XP group-A cells. However, the first
      half-excision was completely defective in three out of the four FA strains tested
      and severely retarded in an FA strain. These results strongly support our
      previous observations in different strains of normal human, FA and XP group-A
      cells. An important new addition is that confluent, otherwise proficient, normal
      and XP cells almost completely lost the ability of the first, rapid half-excision
      of mitomycin C crosslinks in their DNA. This probably suggests that the enzyme or
      regulatory factor responsible for the half-excision, which differs from that for
      nucleotide excision repair, present constitutively in confluent cells, may be
      induced or activated only in the cycling cells. However, its relation to a
      defective FA factor is not clear at present.

PMID- 6818995
TI  - Ionophores and intact cells. II. Oleficin acts on mitochondria and induces
      disintegration of the mitochondrial genome in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The non-macrolid polyene antibiotic oleficin, which has been shown to function as
      an ionophore of Mg2+ in isolated rat liver mitochondria, preferentially inhibited
      growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on non-fermentable substrates. It
      uncoupled and inhibited respiration of intact cells and converted both growing
      and resting cells into respiration-deficient mutants. The mutants arose as a
      result of fragmentation of the mitochondrial genome. Another antibiotic known to
      be an ionophore of divalent cations, A23187, also selectively inhibited growth of
      the yeast on non-fermentable substrates, but did not produce the respiration
      deficient mutants, neither antibiotic inhibited the energy-dependent uptake of
      divalent cations by yeast cells nor opened the plasma membrane for these cations.
      The results indicate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae both oleficin and A23187
      preferentially affected the mitochondrial membrane without acting as ionophores
      in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6818996
TI  - [Genetic engineering and RNA viruses].

PMID- 6818997
TI  - Purification of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine specific lectin (P.B.A.) from epidermal
      cell membranes of Pieris brassicae L.
AB  - We report the isolation and the purification of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
      specific lectin capable of agglutinating either fixed trypsinized rabbit
      erythrocytes or chitin particles. An agglutinin assay based on the affinity of
      this lectin for the chitin was devised with fluorescent particles of scorpion
      cuticle to measure lectin activity during purification steps. Lectin was isolated
      from epidermal cell membranes; its molecular weight was determined by gel
      filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Mr was
      estimated to be 43,000. Lectin could be constituted by two subunits. Mr of which
      was estimated to be 23,000. The specificity of this lectin against N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine and its oligomers suggests a possible role in the dynamics of these
      saccharides during the cuticle cycle.

PMID- 6818998
TI  - Purification and characterization of a heat stable ferredoxin isolated from
      Clostridium thermocellum.
AB  - A thermostable ferredoxin was purified from Clostridium thermocellum. The final
      preparation was homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel and sedimentation equilibrium. It contains eight atoms
      of iron and eight acid-labile sulfur groups per molecule, the molecular weight is
      estimated to be 6 400 and the isoelectric point 3.35. Its amino-acid composition
      is characterized by the absence of histidine residues and the presence of eight
      cysteine residues. The absorption spectrum has a maximum at 390 nm with a molar
      absorption coefficient of 39 x 10(3) M1 cm-1, similar to that of other bacterial
      eight iron ferredoxins. The purified ferredoxin has high thermal stability, since
      the spectrophotometric absorption of the protein at 390 nm did not change after
      one hour at 70 degrees C and only thirty five per cent of absorbance were lost
      after one hour at 80 degrees C. With regard to the electron carrier activity, the
      stability is slightly higher, only twenty five per cent of the activity were lost
      after one hour at 80 degrees C. During pyruvate oxidation, ferredoxin functions
      in the transfer of electrons to hydrogenase and also in the back reaction during
      pyridine nucleotide reduction by a ferredoxin -NAD oxidoreductase using hydrogen
      as electron donor.

PMID- 6818999
TI  - [Interaction of chloroquine with ferriprotophorphyrin IX. Nuclear magnetic
      resonance study].
AB  - Chloroquine is still the antimalarial drug which is the most utilized.
      Nevertheless the molecular mode of action of this drug is not very well
      understood. When mouse erythrocytes injected with Plasmodium berghei are exposed
      to chloroquine, the first biochemical event is rapid accumulation of the drug.
      This process is energy dependent, saturable and competitively inhibited by drugs
      of the same therapeutic class (Quinine, Amodiaquine, Mefloquine). Receptors for
      chloroquine have been proposed for the process of accumulation. The nature of the
      chloroquine receptor is presently the subject of debates. The latest hypothesis
      proposed by Chou and coll. [12], is that ferriprotoporphyrin IX, formed by the
      degradation of hemoglobin by the parasite, binds to chloroquine with a
      dissociation constant of 3.5.10(-9) M. We studied here the molecular interactions
      between these two species by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in order to
      elucidate the nature and the geometry of were undertaken. The perturbations of
      the NMR spectra of chloroquine (10(-2) M) induced by addition of hematin or hemin
      were measured. Two types of measures were undertaken. The first study carried out
      in organic solvent (DMSO) has shown that the interaction occurred between the
      acidic functions of hemin and the side-chain nitrogen of chloroquine. The iron
      atom was not implicated in this process. The second study carried out in aqueous
      medium (phosphate buffer; 0.1 M; pH = 7) allowed us to demonstrate that
      chloroquine is able to intercalate into a polymer of hematin. The quinoleic
      nucleus of chloroquine was intercalated between two dimers of hematin as shown by
      the broadening of the signal of the quinoleic protons due to very large increase
      in the correlation time. Finally it was shown that chloroquine is associated as a
      dimer in aqueous medium by hydrophobic interactions. The association constant is
      5.5 M-1.

PMID- 6819001
TI  - Stabilization of the ternary complex EF-Tu.GTP.valyl-tRNAval by ammonium salts.
AB  - In a search for crystallizing conditions for the ternary complex EF-Tu.GTP.valyl
      tRNAval, the influence of various salts on its stability has been examined by
      measuring the rate of deacylation of the aminoacyl-tRNA in the complex. The most
      striking result is the general higher stability in solutions of ammonium salts
      and, in particular, the enhancement of this effect by sulphate and citrate. Thus
      sodium sulphate and citrate lead to destabilization of the complex, as expected
      from conventional considerations of adding salt, whereas the corresponding
      ammonium salts stabilize the complex as shown, for example, by an increase in the
      half-life of the valyl-tRNAval in the complex from about 20 hours to at least 300
      hours in the presence of 1.2 M ammonium sulphate. These results suggest that
      ammonium sulphate and ammonium citrate might be very suitable precipitants for
      crystallization studies of the ternary complex.

PMID- 6819000
TI  - Induction by 3, 5, 3' L-triiodothyronine of L-ornithine decarboxylase in rat
      heart muscle.
AB  - Injection of 3,5,3' L-triiodothyronine (15 micrograms/100 g) induces a biphasic
      enhancement of rat heart ornithine decarboxylase (EC. 4.1.17) activity after 4
      and 21 hours. This induction is observed after each daily injection, but to a
      lesser extent. The properties of partially purified basal enzyme and induced
      enzyme, at 21h, after single injections have been compared. 1) Affinity for
      ornithine is the same for both enzymes, but affinity for pyridoxal-phosphate is
      40-fold higher for the induced one. 2) Thermostability studies suggest that basal
      and induced enzymes have different conformations. 3) The two enzymes have similar
      immuno-reactivity. 4) The comparisons of the time-dependent activity curve after
      injection and of the antigen/activity ratio suggests that triiodothyronine
      induces the synthesis of new molecules of enzymes and that an inhibition of the
      enzyme activity also occurs which explains the biphasic induction.

PMID- 6819002
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cytochrome b5 from Candida tropicalis grown on
      alkane.
AB  - Cytochrome b5 from Candida tropicalis grown on alkane has been solubulized in
      three different ways (sodium cholate, trypsin, osmotic wash). After
      solubilization of the microsomal membrane with sodium cholate, the purification
      of cytochrome b5 was achieved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite
      chromatography, a second DEAE-cellulose chromatography and a Sephadex G-75 gel
      filtration. The purified protein had an apparent molecular weight of 16 000 +/- 1
      000. After solubilization by trypsin treatment or osmotic wash, the purification
      procedure yielded a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 12 000 +/- 1
      000. Though the purified proteins presented molecular weights depending on the
      technique of solubilization, they exhibited identical optical properties, a great
      stability with respect to temperature and pH, and were all autooxidable. Redox
      titrations revealed differences in their midpoint potential values, which were 35
      +/- 5 mV for the b5 purified after cholate solubilization, -59 +/- 5 mV for the
      b5 purified after trypsin treatment and -65 +/- 5 mV for the b5 purified after
      osmotic wash.

PMID- 6819003
TI  - Proteolytic degradation of ribosomal proteins during isolation of ribosomes and
      ribosomal subunits from Tetrahymena.
AB  - A preparation procedure previously used to isolate active ribosomal subunits from
      an amicronucleate strain of Tetrahymena of undefined phenoset (T. "pyriformis"
      CGL) yields inactive subunits when applied to other amicronucleate or to
      micronucleate strains of this protozoa. Proteolytic degradation of a small number
      of ribosomal proteins during preparation of ribosomal subunits from these strains
      explains this results. If cell extraction and ribosome isolation are carried out
      in the presence of iodoacetamide, proteolytic activity is inhibited and active
      ribosomal subunits are obtained. Comparison of the protein complements of active
      ribosomal subunits prepared in the presence of iodoacetamide from three
      amicronucleate strains of Tetrahymena reveals small but significant differences.

PMID- 6819004
TI  - The primary structures of three yeast mitochondrial serine tRNA isoacceptors.
AB  - Yeast mitochondria contain several isoaccepting species of serine-tRNA. The
      relative amount of these isoacceptors varies according to the conditions used to
      grow the yeast cells. In order to gain insight into the structural differences
      among these isoacceptors, the three mitochondrial tRNAsSer, which are present in
      derepressed yeast cells, have been sequenced. The primary structure of tRNASer1
      differs considerably from that of tRNASer2; these two isoacceptors have only 39
      nucleotides in common. In contrast, tRNASer3 differs from tRNASer2 by only one
      post-transcriptional modification: the psi residue in position 28 of tRNASer2 is
      replaced by a normal U in tRNASer3. Unlike tRNASer2 and tRNASer3, the primary
      sequence of tRNASer1 shows two unusual structural features: it has a D in
      position 14 instead of the "universal" A14 of the standard tRNA cloverleaf and it
      contains two G residues between the D-stem and the anticodon-stem. Considering
      their respective anticodons, tRNASer1 should recognize the two serine codons A-G
      C and A-G-U, whereas both tRNASer2 and tRNASer3 should recognize all four serine
      codons of the U-C-N series.

PMID- 6819005
TI  - The use of inhibitors in the study of glycosidases.
AB  - The use of non-covalent as well as covalent inhibitors can be a useful tool to
      approach the mechanism of activity of glycosidases. An efficient method to
      determine the essential amino-acid groups directly or indirectly involved in the
      catalytic process is the use of active site directed irreversible inhibitors.
      Epoxide derivatives from conduritol B and conduritol C are the most important
      inhibitors in this group. The use of active site reversible inhibitors: cationic
      and basic glycosyl derivatives, glycals, glyconolactones, thioglycosides, is
      effective to study the different charges at the active site or the transition
      state during catalysis and also to detect conformational adaptability of an
      enzyme. Furthermore, inhibitors can be valuable tools to investigate various
      aspects of the physiological role of glycosidases.

PMID- 6819006
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase. I: Effect of temperature, anticoagulant, and
      centrifugation technique.
AB  - Platelet yield and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity per platelet in platelets
      obtained by the method of Corash, which isolates essentially all platelets from
      whole blood, and by a single differential centrifugation of whole blood, were
      compared. Platelets recovered by one spin in a swinging bucket rotor appeared to
      be a homogeneous population containing a reliable representation of the platelet
      population obtained by the Corash method since the MAO specific activity yielded
      by the two methods was not significantly different. The effect of the
      anticoagulant, temperature, and type of rotor on platelet recovery from blood and
      MAO activity/platelet were also studied. The MAO and plasma amine oxidaze (PAO)
      activities obtained from blood anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetracetate
      (EDTA) were significantly greater than those found when acid-citrate-dextrose was
      the anticoagulant. Blood centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor at room
      temperature yielded 80-90% of total platelets as compared to the 45-65% recovered
      with a fixed-angle rotor at 0-4 C. The most efficient method of platelet
      isolation was found to be a 2 1/2-min room-temperature spin at 600 X g with a
      swinging bucket rotor using EDTA as anticoagulant.

PMID- 6819007
TI  - Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone to lactating sows:
      endocrine changes associated with induction of fertile estrus.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine whether pulsatile administration of
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) would induce estrus and ovulation in
      lactating, anestrous sows. In each experiment, six lactating sows received GnRH,
      i.v. (2.5 micrograms every 2 h, Exp. 1; 1.5 micrograms every h, Exp. 2) until 24
      h after estrus or 7 days, whichever came first. In Experiment 1, three of six
      GnRH-treated lactating sows exhibited estrus 4.0 +/- 0.0 days after GnRH
      treatment began. All three GnRH-treated sows conceived at the estrus induced
      during lactation. Patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) in serum around estrus were similar between GnRH-treated sows that
      exhibited estrus during lactation and weaned control sows. However, in GnRH
      treated sows that did not show estrus, a preovulatory-like surge in FSH, but not
      in LH, occurred on Day 4 of GnRH treatment. Prolactin concentrations in serum
      dropped from 25.6 +/- 2.4 ng/ml during lactation to less than 6 ng/ml within 12 h
      after weaning (Exp. 1). In Experiment 2, all six GnRH-treated sows exhibited
      estrus 3.8 +/- 0.3 days after initiation of GnRH treatment, and five sows
      conceived. Patterns of LH and FSH during lactation were similar between GnRH
      treated and lactating control sows during the first 3 days of GnRH treatment.
      During 3 days before estrus, LH concentrations were lower (P less than 0.05) and
      FSH concentrations tended to be higher (P less than 0.20) in lactating GnRH
      treated sows than in control sows whose litters had been weaned. Concentrations
      of estradiol in GnRH-treated sows were greater than those in controls during
      lactation but were similar in both groups on the day of estrus. In both
      experiments, concentrations of progesterone were greater in GnRH-treated than in
      control sows prior to and during estrus. We conclude that, despite some
      differences in hormone secretion between GnRH-treated lactating sows and sows
      with litters weaned, pulsatile administration of GnRH caused requisite endocrine
      changes for fertile estrus during lactation.

PMID- 6819008
TI  - Relationships between basal gonadotropin secretion rates and serum gonadotropin
      concentrations in proestrous rats.

PMID- 6819009
TI  - Concentrations of reproductive hormones in canine serum throughout late anestrus,
      proestrus and estrus.
AB  - Concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin in serum from 6 bitches bled daily for at
      least 45 days before the onset of proestrus, during proestrus and estrus were
      determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean concentrations of estradiol in serum were
      high early in the sampling period (20 to 46 pg/ml) and appeared to decrease prior
      to the onset of proestrus (8 to 19 pg/ml). There were sporadic increases in serum
      concentrations of LH throughout the sampling period in each bitch. Five of the 6
      bitches sampled had increased serum concentrations of LH following the low mean
      concentration of estradiol just before the onset of proestrus. Mean
      concentrations of FSH were highest during anestrus (240 to 294 ng/ml) and near
      the time of the preovulatory surge of LH (297 ng/ml) and were lowest during
      proestrus (131 to 200 ng/ml). The mean concentration of progesterone for the 6
      bitches remained at less than 1.0 ng/ml throughout late anestrus, but increased
      to greater than 1.0 ng/ml the day of the maximum mean concentration of LH
      (preovulatory LH surge). Mean concentrations of prolactin were variable
      throughout the sampling period and demonstrated no consistent pattern among
      bitches. The results of the current investigation suggest that neither the canine
      ovary nor pituitary are quiescent during anestrus. The bitch appears to have
      sufficient FSH present during anestrus for follicular growth. Serum
      concentrations of LH appear to increase prior to the onset of proestrus when
      concentrations of estradiol are lowest, possibly inducing a new follicular phase.
      Progesterone and prolactin do not appear to be involved in the termination of
      anestrus in the bitch.

PMID- 6819010
TI  - Induction of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone surge in the
      estrogen-primed castrated male rat by progesterone.
AB  - Male rats were castrated at 26 days of age and treated with 0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and
      2.0 micrograms/kg of BW of estradiol for 4 days starting with the day of
      castration. On the morning of Day 30 of life they were sacrificed and serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were
      determined. A significant reduction of LH and/or FSH occurred only with the 1.0
      and 2.0 micrograms/kg of BW dose of estradiol. This was in sharp contrast to
      results in female rats at the same age in which 0.2 microgram/kg of BW of
      estradiol suppressed the post-castration rise of gonadotropins. This change in
      threshold sensitivity to the suppressive effects of estradiol may be one
      component of the changes accompanying the masculinization of the hypothalamus.
      The 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms/kg of BW doses of estradiol then were used in
      combination with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg of BW of progesterone. The
      addition of progesterone to the treatment regimen resulted in either no change or
      a suppression or stimulation of FSH and LH, depending upon the dose of
      progesterone used. With the 2 micrograms/kg of BW dose of estradiol, 1.0 mg/kg of
      BW of progesterone resulted in a surge of both FSH and LH, irrespective of
      whether it was given in combination with estradiol or a single injection
      following 4 days of estradiol treatment. This, to our knowledge, is the first
      demonstration of a gonadotropin surge induced by progesterone in the estrogen
      primed castrated male rat.

PMID- 6819011
TI  - Hormonal basis of reproductive defects in athymic mice: reduced gonadotropins and
      testosterone in males.
AB  - We wished to determine if congenitally athymic nude male mice have the same
      reduction in circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids
      observed in their female counterparts when compared to their normal heterozygous
      littermates. We therefore quantitated pituitary and circulating concentrations of
      gonadotropins and circulating levels of testosterone in 102 congenitally athymic
      mice and 101 of their heterozygous littermates ranging in age from 1 to 120 days.
      Although the developmental patterns observed for both circulating luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were similar to those
      previously observed in rats and mice, the athymic mice had significantly reduced
      concentrations of both pituitary and serum LH and FSH in comparison to the
      heterozygotes. In general, the reduced secretion of gonadotropins was most marked
      prior to sexual maturation but persisted in adult athymic males. Circulating
      concentrations of testosterone were also markedly reduced in the adult athymic
      males. Histologically, the number of Leydig cells appeared reduced in testes from
      20-day-old athymic mice. However, no differences could be detected in testes from
      40-day-old animals, and spermatogenesis appeared normal. Thus, unlike athymic
      females, athymic male mice appear to have normal reproductive capacity despite
      these hormonal abnormalities.

PMID- 6819012
TI  - New alternatives in the preparation of chemically fixed human umbilical veins as
      arterial substitutes.
AB  - Following reports of the successful use of chemically processed human umbilical
      veins as medium and small diameter arterial substitutes, the development of new
      and improved techniques for the preparation, fixation and storage of these
      bioprostheses has been attempted. A series of physical and "in vitro" tests was
      undertaken to predict the "in vivo" performance of these devices. The results
      indicate that the new techniques are not only technically feasible but may
      provide a more convenient, versatile and effective surgical product.

PMID- 6819013
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid and metabolites in mouse plasma and brain
      following constant-rate application of the drug and its unsaturated metabolite
      with an osmotic delivery system.
AB  - Human therapeutic valproic acid (VPA) levels could be maintained in the mouse for
      a period of 1 week by constant rate application via subcutaneously implanted
      osmotic minipumps. Also, the concentrations of VPA metabolites observed in mouse
      plasma were similar to those seen in human plasma. The drug application could be
      prolonged by replacing exhausted pumps with freshly-filled devices. Removal of
      the implanted pumps and measurement of the decay of the drug levels revealed that
      the half-life of the main plasma metabolite 2-en(2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid)
      exceeded that of VPA. This result was confirmed by constant-rate application of
      this metabolite; the plasma clearance of 2-en (as calculated from the steady
      state levels observed) was found to be lower than that of VPA. Brain levels of
      VPA and 2-en during steady-state were 3-10 per cent of corresponding plasma
      levels. The blood-brain kinetics of 2-en following administration of VPA were
      similar to those observed following application of 2-en itself. VPA was cleared
      faster from the brain than from the plasma, while 2-en was more persistent in the
      brain than in the plasma. Our results indicate that controlled, constant-rate
      application of drugs such as VPA, via implantable osmotic minipumps, may be a
      valuable procedure for a number of pharmacological and toxicological studies,
      particularly where persistent drug levels must be maintained for extended time
      periods.

PMID- 6819014
TI  - Lanthanide-ion transport across phospholipid vesicular membranes: a comparison of
      alamethicin 30 and A23187 using 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 6819015
TI  - Growth and development of children with X and Y chromosome aneuploidy from
      infancy to pubertal age: the Toronto study.

PMID- 6819017
TI  - Subcutaneous desferrioxamine: the effect of three years' treatment on liver,
      iron, serum ferritin, and comments on echocardiography.

PMID- 6819016
TI  - The management of the improved prognosis in thalassemia major.

PMID- 6819018
TI  - Therapy of HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis in transfusion-dependent
      thalassemia major.

PMID- 6819019
TI  - Automated recognition of B and T lymphocytes by immunoperoxidase on the hemalog D
      system and its applications.
AB  - A new automated immunoperoxidase assay for the recognition of B and T lymphocytes
      on the Hemalog system is proposed. Lymphoid cells are incubated with peroxidase
      labeled antibodies, and after manual washing, cells are run through the flow
      system of the machine which automatically stains the cells for peroxidase and,
      according to their staining for this enzyme, separates positive from negative
      cells. Using this method we have been able to recognize B and T lymphocytes and
      to count them as accurately as by routine immunological methods. Very preliminary
      results, concerning a few cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic
      leukemia and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia are also reported. The usefulness of
      this new method which allows processing of 60 samples per hour is discussed.

PMID- 6819020
TI  - Comparative effects of metals on the filtering rate of the brown mussel (Perna
      perna).

PMID- 6819021
TI  - Evaluation of New York Bight lobsters for PCBs, DDT, petroleum hydrocarbons,
      mercury, and cadmium.

PMID- 6819022
TI  - Abnormal growth hormone response to TRH in chronic adolescent schizophrenic
      patients.

PMID- 6819023
TI  - A comparison of in-patient costs of treatment and care in a Scottish psychiatric
      hospital.

PMID- 6819025
TI  - Emporiatrics--travellers' health.

PMID- 6819024
TI  - Congenital cataract: a cause of preventable blindness in children.

PMID- 6819026
TI  - Preterm rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 6819027
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6819029
TI  - Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento,
      Birmingham. II: Selective during third trimester only.
AB  - Unselective dietary protein energy supplementation of Asian mothers at Sorrento
      Maternity Hospital did not enhance intrauterine growth. The effect of selective
      supplementation was therefore studied. Forty-five mothers who at 28 weeks were
      known to be nutritionally at risk (triceps increment less than or equal to 20
      microns/week between 18 and 28 weeks) received one of three supplements during
      the third trimester: (a) vitamins only--a multivitamin sachet daily containing
      vitamins A, B, C, and D; (b) energy--42-125 MJ (10 000-30 000 kcal), all from
      carbohydrate, plus vitamins; (c) protein energy--energy and vitamins as before,
      but with 5-10% of energy from milk protein. Eighty-three mothers regarded as
      adequately nourished at 28 weeks also received one of the three supplements. In
      the nutritionally at-risk mothers the protein energy supplement was associated
      with a heavier crude birth weight and heavier weight for gestational age.
      Supplementation did not lead to improved intrauterine growth in those mothers who
      were adequately nourished. The differential effect of supplementation depending
      on the mothers' nutritional state during the second trimester may explain
      apparently conflicting results of other studies where some have shown a
      substantial effect of supplementation and others only a small effect. This effect
      of intervention is further evidence that "poor nutrition" contributes to poor
      intrauterine growth in selected mothers, even in developed countries.

PMID- 6819028
TI  - Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento,
      Birmingham. I: Unselective during second and third trimesters.
AB  - At Sorrento Maternity Hospital Asian mothers whose babies had grown poorly in
      utero had anthropometric and biochemical evidence suggesting an inadequate
      nutritional state. To test this hypothesis further the effect of unselective
      dietary protein energy supplementation was studied. A total of 153 Asian mothers
      received one of three supplements from the 18th to 38th weeks of pregnancy: (a)
      vitamins only--vitamin C 30 mg daily, iron 3 mg daily; (b) energy--42-80 MJ; (10
      000-19 000 kcal)/trimester, all from carbohydrate, plus vitamins; (c) protein
      energy--energy and vitamins as before, but with 5-11% of energy from milk
      protein. By the 28th week mothers receiving the protein energy supplement had put
      on more weight and more fat than the vitamin-only group. Neither protein energy
      nor energy supplementation alone enhanced intrauterine growth. It is concluded
      that dietary supplementation of all pregnant mothers does not enhance
      intrauterine growth.

PMID- 6819030
TI  - Fractures on the chest radiograph in detection of alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - The presence of fractures seen on routine chest radiography was assessed in
      patients with liver disease to see whether it might provide a useful marker of
      alcoholism. Chest radiographs taken at the time of liver biopsy were examined in
      149 patients--72 with alcoholic liver disease (32 (44%) cirrhotic) and 77 with
      various forms of non-alcoholic liver disease (15 (19 . 5%) cirrhotic)--and in 149
      controls. Fractures (85 rib, two clavicular) were much more common in patients
      with alcoholic liver disease (20 subjects; 28%) than in patients with non
      alcoholic liver disease (1; 1 . 3%) or controls 10; 6 . 7%). In alcoholic liver
      disease rib fractures were significantly more likely to be bilateral or multiple
      (more than two) or both (p less than 0 . 01). Of patients with alcoholic liver
      disease, those with fractures were significantly older than those without, but
      there was no difference in sex, social class, the proportion with cirrhosis, or
      the proportion known to be alcoholic at the time of the radiograph. In liver
      disease fractures on the chest radiograph diagnosed alcoholism with 95%
      specificity and 28% sensitivity. These often overlooked or ignored findings in
      the chest radiograph may have a wider role in the detection of alcoholism.

PMID- 6819031
TI  - Relationship between cigarette yields, puffing patterns, and smoke intake:
      evidence for tar compensation?
AB  - The relationship between cigarette yields (of nicotine, tar, and carbon
      monoxide), puffing patterns, and smoke intake was studied by determining puffing
      patterns and measuring blood concentrations of nicotine and carboxy-haemoglobin
      (COHb) in a sample of 55 smokers smoking their usual brand of cigarette.
      Regression analyses showed that the total volume of smoke puffed from a cigarette
      was a more important determinant of peak blood nicotine concentration than the
      nicotine or tar yield of the cigarette, its length, or the reported number of
      cigarettes smoked on the test day. There was evidence of compensation for a lower
      tar yield over and above any compensation for nicotine. When nicotine yield was
      controlled for, smokers of lower-tar cigarettes not only puffed more smoke from
      their cigarettes than smokers of higher-tar cigarettes but they also had higher
      plasma nicotine concentrations, suggesting that they were compensating for the
      reduced delivery of tar by puffing and inhaling a greater volume of smoke. The
      results based on the COHb concentrations were consistent with this
      interpretation. If an adequate intake of tar proves to be one of the main motives
      for smoking, then developing a cigarette that is acceptable to smokers and also
      less harmful to their health will be much more difficult.

PMID- 6819032
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum: an unusual complication of tattooing.

PMID- 6819033
TI  - Hypocalcaemia-induced epilepsy during lactation.

PMID- 6819036
TI  - Adults.

PMID- 6819035
TI  - Sterilisation of women: prevalence and outcome.

PMID- 6819034
TI  - Double-blind controlled study of primidone in essential tremor: preliminary
      results.

PMID- 6819037
TI  - Making a visit: an American GP practising in the NHS.

PMID- 6819038
TI  - Attendance at a breast screening clinic: a problem of administration or
      attitudes.
AB  - In a study of why a sample of women, aged 45-64 and registered with a group
      practice in Edinburgh, attended or did not attend the Edinburgh Breast Screening
      Clinic demographic, aetiological, social, and perceptual characteristics of
      attenders and non-attenders were compared. Similar proportions of attenders and
      non-attenders knew the chance of a breast lump being cancer and were aware of the
      benefits of early diagnosis and treatment. The study, however, suggests that non
      attenders saw the screening clinic as a place of risk while the attenders saw
      screening in a positive light: 79% of non-attenders as compared with 36% of
      attenders said that they were afraid of cancer being found, and most women
      attended either to reassure themselves that they had not got breast cancer or to
      receive early treatment if they had. Furthermore, 72% of non-attenders as
      compared with 13% of attenders were anxious that their lives would be disrupted
      if cancer were found at the screening clinic. There may well be an important
      irreducible element to non-attendance due to attitudinal factors; the ethical
      implications of attempting to eliminate this require careful consideration.

PMID- 6819039
TI  - Scandinavian and Dutch lessons in childhood road traffic accident prevention.

PMID- 6819040
TI  - ABC of diabetes. Nephropathy.

PMID- 6819041
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism by consultants in Scotland.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to 508 consultants in Scotland likely to encounter deep
      vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism to assess their current standard practice
      in diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Replies were received from 358
      (70.5%). In deep vein thrombosis 47% and in pulmonary embolism 33% of consultants
      usually depended on clinical observation alone for diagnosis. In deep vein
      thrombosis 37% used venography to supplement clinical diagnosis and in pulmonary
      embolism 13% used angiography and 53% used isotopic scanning. Almost all
      consultants treated deep vein thrombosis (95%) and pulmonary embolism (99%) with
      anticoagulants. Most consultants (81%) gave heparin by intravenous infusion.
      Although many consultants gave intravenous heparin for more than three days
      (49.5% in deep vein thrombosis and 61% in pulmonary embolism), 25% of these
      consultants did not use any laboratory monitoring of heparin's effect. Large
      numbers of consultants gave warfarin for more than three months (20% in deep vein
      thrombosis and 47% in pulmonary embolism). There was a significant tendency to
      give heparin (p less than 0.01) and warfarin (p less than 0.001) for longer
      periods in pulmonary embolism than in deep vein thrombosis. This survey shows a
      widely varying practice and underlines the need for further controlled studies to
      provide clear guidance in the management of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 6819044
TI  - Benoxaprofen.

PMID- 6819043
TI  - Side effects of benoxaprofen.

PMID- 6819042
TI  - Causes of death in sickle-cell disease in Jamaica.
AB  - A review of the causes of death in 276 patients with sickle-cell disease showed
      that although the greatest mortality occurred in the first five years of life,
      roughly one-quarter were aged over 30. Commonest causes of death in the first ten
      years included acute splenic sequestration, septicaemia, meningitis, aplastic
      crises, and gastroenteritis. In older patients cerebrovascular accidents and
      renal failure became common. The acute chest syndrome affected all age groups
      about equally but appeared to result predominantly from infection in the young
      and embolism or thrombosis in the old.

PMID- 6819045
TI  - Avoidance of tracheostomy in sleep apnoea syndrome.

PMID- 6819047
TI  - Atropine poisoning in early infancy due to Eumydrin drops.

PMID- 6819046
TI  - Birth asphyxia.

PMID- 6819048
TI  - Problems with anticoagulants.

PMID- 6819049
TI  - Water intoxication and oxytocin.

PMID- 6819050
TI  - Do alcoholics recover?

PMID- 6819051
TI  - Malalignment of the shoulder after stroke.

PMID- 6819052
TI  - Reversible hypothyroidism in adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 6819053
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with campylobacter infection.

PMID- 6819054
TI  - Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer.

PMID- 6819055
TI  - Electrocardiographic abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in Guillain-Barre
      syndrome.

PMID- 6819056
TI  - Managing cerebral malaria.

PMID- 6819057
TI  - NHS reorganisation. Getting down to units.

PMID- 6819058
TI  - Development of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase and glial fibrillary acidic
      protein in normal and quaking mice.
AB  - The developmental patterns of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (MBCA) and glial
      fibrillary acid protein (GFA) were analyzed in high speed pellets from
      subcortical regions of quaking and control mice at ages ranging from 10 to 42
      days. In control, MBCA was found to increase from approximately 1.5 unit/mg
      protein at 10 days to about 11 units/mg protein at 42 days. The percent increase
      was greatest between days 11 and 18 where the activity increased 2.5-fold while
      the largest absolute weekly increment was in the fourth postnatal week. By
      contrast, the activity in quaking mice was 1.0 units/mg protein at day 10 and
      increased to only 5 units/mg protein by 42 days. The activity, although reduced
      at 10 days, appeared to increase in parallel with the controls between day 11 and
      18; however, the large increment in activity observed in the controls during the
      fourth week was greatly reduced in the mutant. The above findings were also
      observed when immune reactive material was determined by immuno-blotting using
      antisera raised against MBCA isolated from brain. GFA was also estimated using an
      immuno-blotting procedure. In contrast to previous studies on soluble GFA, we
      found GFA to increase about 5-fold in the third postnatal week and level off
      thereafter. The Q/C ratio was 1.5 at 10 days, but, although GFA increased over 5
      fold between 11 and 42 days, the absolute difference between quaking and control
      increased very little. These data on GFA and MBCA suggest that a defect in the
      expression of oligodendroglial plasma membrane proteins may be expressed early in
      development which may correlate with a small but significant gliosis and/or an
      increase in GFA synthesis.

PMID- 6819059
TI  - Glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate
      dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase activities in oligodendrocytes and myelin:
      comparisons between species and CNS regions.
AB  - Oligodendrocytes isolated from bovine white matter had higher specific activities
      of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PDH) than were observed in homogenates of white matter or gray matter from
      bovine brains, whereas the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was lower in
      the cells than in the homogenates. These observations suggest that G6PDH, as well
      as GPDH, is an oligodendrocyte-enriched enzyme. The 3 enzymes were also measured
      in myelin from bovine brains, rat spinal cords, and mouse brains, and, for each
      enzyme, the relative specific activity (RSA) in myelin was calculated by dividing
      the specific activity in myelin by the specific activity in the respective
      starting homogenate. Of the 3 enzymes, GPDH, G6PDH and LDH, the RSA of G6PDH was
      highest, at 0.26, in the bovine myelin, whereas the RSAs of GPDH were highest, at
      approximately 0.20, in the myelin from rat spinal cords and mouse brains.
      Carbonic anhydrase was also measured in the myelin from the rodent tissues, and
      significantly higher RSAs, at 0.43-1.06, were obtained. The finding that carbonic
      anhydrase consistently has higher concentrations than either G6PDH or GPDH in
      myelin suggests that the latter are restricted, in the myelin sheath, to regions
      in which oligodendroglial cytoplasm is enclosed, whereas carbonic anhydrase is
      distributed more broadly in the myelin membranes. A developmental increase in
      GPDH in the rat spinal cord is also reported.

PMID- 6819060
TI  - [Reduction of platelet serotonin in major depression (endogenous depression)].
AB  - Serum serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured in several patients with psychiatric
      disorders using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection. A marked reduction in 5-HT levels was found in male and female
      patients with major depressive disorder, as compared to controls, but not in
      dysthymic disorder. These modifications may constitute biochemical changes
      suggestive of major depressive disorders; they could not be attributed to chronic
      antidepressant treatment.

PMID- 6819061
TI  - [Mitral cell single responses in the olfactory bulb of the rabbit to different
      intensities of olfactory stimulation].
AB  - Neural spike activity was recorded from 50 single mitral cells in the Rabbit
      olfactory bulb, with variable intensity of the odour stimulation. Six different
      concentrations were used for two olfactory stimuli, isoamyl acetate and propanol.
      The discharge frequency of 40 p. 100 of the cells remained constant regardless of
      the stimulus concentration; most of these cells (80%) showed inhibitory
      responses. On the other hand, most of the excitatory responses varied depending
      on stimulus concentration; the frequency vs stimulus concentration function
      either increased (25% of cells) or decreased (17%), or displayed a maximum (12%).

PMID- 6819062
TI  - [Teratogenic effects of 9-hydroxy-ellipticine in mouse embryo].
AB  - Administered to pregnant Mice of Swiss strain, at stages of 9 to 12 days of
      gestation and at doses of 15 to 50 mg/kg, 9-hydroxy-ellipticine acts as an acute
      teratogen; it induces in embryos, cleft palate and limb deformities. Histological
      examination of embryos from mothers treated by a dose of 30 mg/kg at day 10 or 11
      revealed defects in the eyes, spinal cord and a reduction in the number of
      germinal cells.

PMID- 6819063
TI  - [Antitumoral activation of rat peritoneal macrophages by muramyl dipeptide in
      vitro].
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic adjuvant known to activate macrophages. We
      now report that rat peritoneal macrophages are rendered tumoricidal in vitro
      against tumor cells either when macrophages are preincubated for 24 hrs. with MDP
      or when MDP is added to the culture medium simultaneously with the tumor cells.
      MDP significantly increases the cytotoxic activity of macrophages activated in
      vivo with BCG.

PMID- 6819064
TI  - [Effects of the graft versus host reaction on the thyroid gland: evidence of
      correlations between the severity of the immunological conflict and the disease
      of thyroid activity in the chick embryo].
AB  - The allograft of chicken spleen to homologous embryo recipients aged 9 days
      induces a systemic Graft Versus Host Reaction. In the 8 days after grafting, the
      recipients show a mesenchymatous goitre. The severity of the immunological
      conflict, expressed with the spleen index, and the decrease of thyroid activity,
      detected by follicle number reduction and T4 level fall, are closely linked;
      these findings indicate that, in this model, thyroid is a target organ of the
      immunological conflict.

PMID- 6819065
TI  - [Evidence and characterization of an androgen receptor in the uropygial gland of
      the adult male quail].
AB  - 5 alpha-DHT is bound with a high affinity (Kd = 0.8 nM) and a limited capacity
      (80 fmol/mg proteins) in the cytosol of the preen gland of quails, an analogue of
      sebaceous glands. The complex can be precipitated by protamin-sulfate and is
      sedimented in the 8 S region after ultra-centrifugation in a sucrose gradient.
      The occurrence of this binding that exhibits the main properties of an androgen
      receptor, supports the use of the preen gland of quails as a tool for the study
      of the mechanism of action of androgens in birds and as a model for the study of
      the androgen control of sebaceous-like glands.

PMID- 6819066
TI  - [Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on
      thyroid calcitonin content in the suckling or weanling rat].
AB  - We have examined the effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on plasma calcium, plasma
      calcitonin (CT) and thyroidal CT contents in Rats before and after weaning. A
      daily injection of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3; approximately 25
      pmoles/Rat/day during 4 days] induced a marked rise in plasma calcium (16.1 +/-
      0.2 vs. 11.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl in controls) and a great decrease in thyroidal CT
      content (-70% of control values) in 13-day-old suckling baby Rats, while no
      change occurred in response to 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D3)
      administration. A negative correlation between plasma calcium level and thyroidal
      CT stores was found in suckling and in weaning Rats treated with different doses
      of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The significant difference between the slopes of the two
      regression lines demonstrated a greater mobilization of the CT stores in weaning
      than in suckling Rats in response to a given hypercalcemia. Our results could
      suggest that 24,25-(OH)2D3 at the dose used, does not regulate CT secretion while
      1,25-(OH)2D3 has probably an indirect effect on CT release, but in vitro
      experiments will be performed to confirm this hypothesis.

PMID- 6819067
TI  - [Prolonged culture of hepatocytes from healthy adult human livers; immunologic
      characterization of the hepatocyte nature of cultivated cells].
AB  - Monolayer cultures were obtained from human liver explants. Some cells, which
      extend in all directions, are trypsinized then collected by differential
      centrifugation and incubated at 38 degrees 5. The oldest culture is 12 months
      old. Albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin are constantly detected and measured in the
      supernatent by radioimmunoassay. The liver specific protein is always
      characterized by immunofluorescent staining on the surface of the cultivated
      cells.

PMID- 6819069
TI  - Rodolfo Amprino: a tribute to honor his 70th birthday.

PMID- 6819068
TI  - [Turnover of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons and glial cells of the
      chick embryo in culture].
AB  - The turnover rates of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cultured neurons and
      glial cells of Chicken embryo were measured by using a gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometric method. The method followed involved monitoring of the time course
      of changes in the enrichment of deuterium in GABA following incubation with
      pentadeuterated glutamate in the medium. The GABA turnover rate in neurons was
      found to be nearly eight fold greater than in glial cells.

PMID- 6819071
TI  - Etiology of hypercalcemia in a patient with Addison's disease.
AB  - A case is reported of a hypercalcemic patient with primary Addison's disease. A
      combination of increased calcium input into the extracellular space and reduced
      calcium removal by the kidney accounted for the hypercalcemia. The mechanisms
      responsible for the reduction in calcium removal were decreased glomerular
      filtration and increased tubular calcium reabsorption. Both renal factors were
      secondary to volume depletion and improved rapidly during rehydration with saline
      infusion. The enhanced calcium mobilization was probably of skeletal origin. It
      persisted irrespective of volume status until hydrocortisone treatment was
      instituted. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels were below 10 pg/ml, even after
      normalization of the glomerular filtration rate, but returned slowly to the
      normal range during corticosteroid substitution. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and
      parathyroid hormone levels were within the normal range. Our case report
      therefore demonstrates that physiological amounts of glucocorticoids reduce bone
      resorption, normalize serum calcium, and restore the production of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 6819070
TI  - Skeletal demineralization in Turner's syndrome.
AB  - The bone mineral status of 17 girls with Turner's syndrome was evaluated by
      single photon absorptiometry. Bone mineral content (BMC) was 25.4% below that
      predicted by normalization for age, sex, height, weight, and bone width. Only 25%
      of this demineralization could be attributed to delayed skeletal maturation.
      Bones of girls who received estrogen replacement therapy were less demineralized
      than those of the others. The bone mineral deficit became less pronounced with
      advancing age. It could not be determined if the apparent effect of estrogens was
      related to age or if the apparent improvement with age was really due to an
      effect of estrogen treatment. For 8 subjects followed longitudinally there was no
      significant change in the BMC deficit.

PMID- 6819072
TI  - Equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration studies of calcium and phosphate binding
      by human salivary proteins. Implications for salivary supersaturation with
      respect to calcium phosphate salts.
AB  - Previous ultrafiltration studies indicated that up to one-half of the calcium and
      two-thirds of the phosphate in human salivary secretions may be bound by salivary
      proteins. Since this binding is an important variable in determining the extent
      of salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium phosphate salts, and since
      the amount of binding reported is surprisingly large, calcium and phosphate ion
      binding by salivary macromolecules has been reexamined. From experiments using
      equilibrium dialysis, it was found that (1) the fraction of salivary calcium
      involved in macromolecular complexes ranges from a few percent for unstimulated
      secretions, to no more than about 10% for stimulated glandular salivas, and (2)
      salivary proteins do not bind phosphate ions to any significant extent. These
      findings, and experiments using an improved ultrafiltration membrane, indicate
      that the earlier results were artifacts of the ultrafiltration technique.
      Fractionation of salivary proteins, followed by equilibrium dialysis
      measurements, showed that the anionic proline-rich proteins and a basic proline
      rich glycoprotein are responsible for most of the calcium binding now observed.
      The finding that macromolecular complexes of salivary calcium and phosphate have
      been overestimated in the past, leads to the conclusion that salivary calcium and
      phosphate ion activities in stimulated salivary secretions may be up to 50 to
      100% higher than previously thought. Revised values were therefore used to
      recalculate the degree of salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium
      phosphate salts. The results indicate that stimulated salivary secretions are
      supersaturated with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; this is a
      substantially greater degree of supersaturation than previously reported.

PMID- 6819073
TI  - Effect of the administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on serum levels of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in a group of women
      with symptomatic postmenopausal osteoporosis, before and after long-term
      treatment with physiological doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. A competitive
      protein binding assay was used, which included a chromatographic step. The
      treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
      that were higher than normal in basal conditions, the mean values before and
      after therapy being 27.7 ng/ml (+/- 17.1 SD) and 19.7 ng/ml (+/- 12.7),
      respectively. These findings seem to confirm the hypothesis that an inadequate
      product-inhibition of liver 25-hydroxylase is responsible for the increased basal
      levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D found in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6819074
TI  - Unidirectional migration of osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast characteristics in
      response to products of bone resorption.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms by which bone-forming cells are attracted to areas
      of bone resorption during bone remodeling, we have used in vitro methods to look
      for signals released by resorbing bone, which may be chemotactic for cultured
      bone cells. We have found that cultured rat osteosarcoma cells, which have
      characteristics associated with the osteoblastic phenotype, migrate in a
      unidirectional manner in response to a signal released by resorbing bones. These
      cells also migrated unidirectionally in response to Type I collagen, which
      comprises 95% of the bone matrix. This phenomenon of chemotaxis of bone-forming
      cells to sites of previous resorption may be an important component of the
      process of bone remodeling and the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption.

PMID- 6819077
TI  - Size and density of osteocyte lacunae in different regions of long bones.

PMID- 6819075
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of castrate rat bone.
AB  - The study describes the SEM appearances of endosteal and periosteal surfaces of
      anorganic femoral diaphyses from 16-month-old normal and castrate male rats.
      Different types of surfaces could be recognized in both groups. Percentage areas
      occupied by each surface type were analyzed with a Ladd Data Analyzing Digitizer.
      Endosteal surfaces were composed of significantly more (P less than 0.05)
      incompletely mineralized, forming surface and significantly less (P less than
      0.05) completely mineralized, resting surface in castrates than in controls. Both
      endosteal and periosteal surfaces from experimental bone demonstrated
      significantly more (P less than 0.05) osteoblast lucunae than did control
      surfaces, and vascular canal entrances were significantly wider (P less than
      0.001) on castrate endosteal surfaces than on control endosteal surfaces. There
      was a greater proportion of small nodule forming surface/large nodule forming
      surface in castrate endosteal bone than in control, and a greater proportion
      prolonged resting surface/fibrous resting surface in control periosteal bone than
      in castrate. The results indicate that, when viewed in the SEM, anorganic
      endosteal and periosteal bone surfaces from femoral diaphyses of old castrate
      male rats demonstrate appearances characteristic of changes in bone turnover that
      occur with osteoporosis.

PMID- 6819076
TI  - Maintenance of normocalcemia by continuous infusion of the synthetic bovine
      parathyroid hormone (1-34) in parathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - This work was conducted to estimate the replacement dose of the synthetic bovine
      parathyroid hormone [PTH(1-34)] that is required for maintenance of serum calcium
      (Ca) in parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. Male rats were PTX and used in this
      study only if serum Ca was reduced to at least 7 mg/dl. We found that a solution
      of 2% cysteine, 150 mM NaCl, and 1 mM HCL was superior to 20 mM acetic acid for
      maintenance of biological activity of PTH (1-34) in situ during the period of
      hormone infusion studied. The PTH dose-calcemic response relationship was
      investigated using PTH in doses of 0.6, 1, and 3 U/h. The infusion of 1 U PTH per
      hour raised Ca to the normal level, whereas rats infused with 0.6 U/h were
      hypocalcemic and 3 U/h resulted in marked hypercalcemia. To extend this
      observation we carried out an infusion of 1 U PTH per hour for 14 days. We found
      that this infusion rate of bovine PTH (1-34) provided a relatively stable level
      of serum calcium with modest fluctuation from normocalcemic to somewhat
      hypercalcemic levels for the entire 14-day period of PTH infusion. Serum
      calcitonin was also elevated during the infusion period and then returned to the
      initial level when PTH treatment was stopped. After the minipumps containing PTH
      were removed, the serum Ca dropped rapidly to 5 mg/dl, which was significantly
      lower than the control (vehicle-infused) or initial values of serum Ca (7 mg/dl).
      Infusion of PTH at 3 U/h for 4 days did not produce this rebound hypocalcemia
      after the pumps were removed. Serum Ca in those experiments returned to the
      initial level after hormone treatment was discontinued.

PMID- 6819078
TI  - Calcium and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: inverse relation in cows with parturient
      paresis.
AB  - Recent work suggests a role for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in inhibiting
      mobilization of bone. This study was undertaken to investigate its possible role
      in the etiology of parturient paresis, a hypocalcemic condition of dairy cows
      occurring at the onset of lactation. This metabolic disease was chosen to serve
      as a model of impaired mineral homeostasis. The animals examined were parturient
      Holstein cows with (N = 6) and without (N = 7) parturient paresis. Determinations
      of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and serum
      calcium were used to evaluate the 2 groups. The hormones were isolated using
      methylene chloride:methanol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitation was by competitive protein
      binding assays. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of affected cows were not
      significantly different from those of normal cows. The 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      levels of paretic cows (3.48 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in
      the normal cows (2.03 +/- 0.34 ng/ml) (p less than 0.01). Linear regression
      analysis of the data from the paretic cows revealed an inverse relationship
      between serum calcium and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r = -0.94). This negative
      correlation between serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum total calcium in a
      naturally occurring hypocalcemic disease of dairy cattle may provide evidence
      that this metabolite is of significance in the etiology and pathogenesis of this
      syndrome.

PMID- 6819079
TI  - In vitro tumor cell killing by peritoneal macrophages from mitomycin C-treated
      rats.
AB  - The local cellular response induced by intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C
      was examined in terms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity for tumor cells. An in vitro
      cytolysis assay involving 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor target cells
      revealed that treatment of normal ACI/N rats (200 g) with a single
      intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C (50, 100, or 200 micrograms) induced
      tumoricidal macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. The tumoricidal activity was
      dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable as early as 1
      day after the intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C. In addition to the
      increased tumoricidal activity, the functional activities of the peritoneal
      macrophages were found to be increased with respect both to uptake of 2-deoxy-D
      glucose and to phagocytosis of latex beads. Additional experiments excluded the
      possibility that the tumor cell cytolysis was the result of direct cytotoxicity
      by mitomycin C that might have been incorporated in the peritoneal macrophages or
      of nutrient depletion in the medium during the cytolysis assay. Furthermore,
      endotoxin contamination of the mitomycin C, which might have produced the
      activated macrophages, was not detected. The mechanism by which mitomycin C
      injected intraperitoneally induced the tumoricidal macrophages locally remains
      uncertain; however, it is possible also in clinical situations.

PMID- 6819080
TI  - Anti-tumor effects of an antiserum raised in syngeneic mice to a tumor-specific T
      suppressor factor.
AB  - DBA/2 mice inoculated with either cells from the syngeneic P815 tumor or tumor
      cell membrane extracts develop T suppressor cells which suppress the in vitro
      generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with specificity for the tumor. A soluble
      suppressor factor with similar properties can be isolated from suppressor cell
      enriched populations. It can be highly purified by appropriate immunoadsorption.
      Antisera to this suppressor factor raised in either DBA/2 or C57BL/6 mice can
      specifically absorb out suppressor factor and eliminate suppressor cells in the
      presence of complement. The in vivo effects of these antisera were tested for
      their ability to modulate the growth of P815 tumors in DBA/2 mice. It was found
      that the antiserum raised in syngeneic (DBA/2) but not allogeneic (C57BL/6) mice
      was able to significantly slow the rate of tumor growth and to prolong survival
      in treated mice. The antiserum was effective in this way only if it was
      administered early in the course of tumor growth. It was shown that this effect
      was not attributable to the presence in the serum of antibodies directed to
      antigens present on P815 cells, and it therefore appears to be due to
      interference with the function of T suppressor cells arising early in the immune
      response to the tumor cells.

PMID- 6819081
TI  - Evaluation of therapy with methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER).

PMID- 6819083
TI  - Simultaneous oscillations of Ca2+ efflux and tension generation in the
      permealized plasmodial strand of Physarum.
AB  - Calcium is now generally thought to play a key role in regulating a variety of
      cellular movements. When the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum was treated with
      the calcium-ionophore A23187 or the quasi-ionophore amphotericin B, Ca2+ leaked
      out. Ca2+ efflux into the ambient solution from the plasmodial strand segment was
      measured by the luminescence of a photoprotein aequorin, and the tensile force
      production was recorded simultaneously. Ca2+ efflux oscillated with the same
      period as the cycle of tension generation in the strand, but the phase of cyclic
      changes in Ca2+ efflux was opposite to that of tension generation. That is, Ca2+
      efflux fell in the increasing tension phase and rose in the decreasing tension
      phase. Cyclic changes in efflux of Ca2+ are provisionally interpreted as
      reflecting corresponding changes in concentrations of free Ca2+ in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6819082
TI  - The effects of cyclophosphamide on in vitro cytotoxic responses to a syngeneic
      tumour.
AB  - We have studied the effects of treating DBA/2 mice with high doses of
      cyclophosphamide upon their subsequent ability to generate cytotoxic cells in
      vitro against syngeneic tumour antigens or alloantigens. High doses of
      cyclophosphamide (100-200 mg/kg body weight) eliminated the response to both
      antigens. The addition of normal DBA/2 thymocytes into these cultures restored
      the response to allogeneic cells but not to tumour cells. The anti-tumour
      response could be restored by the addition of interleukin 2 to the cultures.
      Treatment with high doses of cyclophosphamide decreased the number of anti-tumour
      cytotoxic cell precursors in the spleen, but did not affect the capacity of bulk
      cultures of spleen cells to produce interleukin 2 when stimulated with the
      mitogen concanavalin A.

PMID- 6819084
TI  - Yeast L dsRNA consists of at least three distinct RNAs; evidence that the non
      Mendelian genes [HOK], [NEX] and [EXL] are on one of these dsRNAs.
AB  - [HOK], [NEX] and [EXL] are non-Mendelian genes affecting the K1 and K2 killer
      systems of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. T1 fingerprints of L double-stranded RNA
      from [HOK]-, [NEX]- and [EXL]-containing cells and their heat-cured derivatives
      indicate that: there are three distinct double-stranded RNAs, L-A, L-B and L-C;
      [HOK], [NEX] and [EXL] are all located on L-A; there are three functional
      variants of L-A that produce the [HOK] [NEX], [HOK] [EXL] or [EXL] phenotypes; L
      A is compatible with L-B or L-C; and there are additional sequences present in
      lower copy number. Although their fingerprint patterns are unrelated, solution
      hybridization shows that L-B and L-C share sequence homology. Strains carrying L
      A as the major double-stranded RNA or only L-B or only L-C all have similarly
      sedimenting (160S) virus-like particles with RNA polymerase activity. Virus-like
      particles from strains with L-A all have proteins of 81,000 and 180,000 daltons
      that are absent from isogenic strains cured of L-A. Virus-like particles from
      strains with only L-B or only L-C both have major proteins of 77,000 and 73,000
      daltons.

PMID- 6819085
TI  - Novel myc oncogene RNA from abortive immunoglobulin-gene recombination in mouse
      plasmacytomas.
AB  - We have found that the myc oncogene has been modified by abortive recombination
      with the alpha heavy-chain immunoglobulin constant-region (C alpha) gene in five
      different mouse plasmacytoma lines. Recombination occurred approximately 0.8-2.0
      kb to the 5' side of two distinct coding regions, defined by sequence homology
      between the chicken cellular and plasmacytoma myc genes. The myc and C alpha
      genes were always in opposite transcriptional orientation, with the recombination
      site within the C alpha switch region sequences. DNA recombination was found to
      correlate with the production of a novel 2.1 kb species of myc RNA that was 0.4
      kb shorter than the normal cellular transcript. No elevated levels of myc RNA
      were evident, suggesting that DNA rearrangements have altered the myc oncogene
      product. This oncogene activation corresponds to the chromosomal translocations
      found in nearly all plasmacytomas.

PMID- 6819086
TI  - The testis-specific beta-tubulin subunit in Drosophila melanogaster has multiple
      functions in spermatogenesis.
AB  - We have isolated four recessive male sterile mutations in the structural gene for
      the testis-specific Drosophila beta 2-tubulin. Each of these mutations encodes a
      variant beta 2-tubulin subunit synthesized at normal levels, but which is
      subsequently unstable and rapidly degraded within the testis. In such testes, the
      normal alpha tubulins are also synthesized at normal levels and then degraded.
      Thus in mutant males the testis tubulin pool is drastically reduced relative to
      wild-type. In males homozygous for any of the recessive beta 2-tubulin mutations,
      the early mitotic divisions, which are completed before the time of synthesis of
      beta 2-tubulin, are normal. Thereafter, however, all microtubule-mediated events
      subsequent to the expression of the altered subunit are defective: meiosis,
      nuclear shaping and assembly of the axoneme all fail to occur. We thus conclude
      that the beta 2-tubulin subunit that forms the Drosophila sperm axoneme is not
      functionally restricted but serves multiple functions in spermatogenesis,
      including the assembly of both singlet and doublet tubules.

PMID- 6819087
TI  - Biosynthesis of the major zona pellucida glycoprotein secreted by oocytes during
      mammalian oogenesis.
AB  - An antiserum directed specifically against ZP2, the major glycoprotein of the
      mouse egg's extracellular coat (zona pellucida), has been used to
      immunoprecipitate intracellular precursors of ZP2 that were synthesized by
      growing mouse oocytes cultured in vitro. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that
      the immediate precursor of mature, 120 kilodalton (kd) ZP2 is a 91 kd species
      that unlike mature ZP2, is sensitive to digestion by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) and is converted by the endoglycosidase into an
      81 kd species. An 81 kd species is only found intracellularly when growing
      oocytes are cultured in the presence of tunicamycin. These results suggest that
      ZP2 is synthesized as an 81 kd polypeptide chain that is first "core"
      glycosylated at asparagine residues with high-mannose-type oligosaccharides,
      giving rise to a 91 kd intermediate (Endo-H-sensitive), and then processed to
      complex-type oligosaccharides prior to secretion as mature, 120 kd ZP2 (Endo H
      insensitive). Furthermore, electrophoretic analyses of mature ZP2, ZP2 precursor
      (91 kd) and Endo H-treated ZP2 precursor (81 kd) suggest that there are six N
      linked oligosaccharides per molecule and that the extreme heterogeneity of mature
      ZP2 is a consequence of the oligosaccharides and not the polypeptide chain
      itself.

PMID- 6819088
TI  - Expression of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase isozymes in
      lymphohemopoietic precursor cells and normal and neoplastic lymphoid populations.

PMID- 6819089
TI  - Production of gamma interferon by human T and null cells and its regulation by
      macrophages.

PMID- 6819090
TI  - Immune modulation of connective tissue functions: studies on the production of
      collagen synthesis inhibitory factor by populations of human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells.

PMID- 6819091
TI  - [Contribution to the treatment of chronic liver diseases with Thioctacid].

PMID- 6819092
TI  - Sensitivity to streptomycin, isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid of tubercle
      bacilli from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6819093
TI  - Sensitivity to Ethambutol and Rifampicin of tubercle bacilli from patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6819094
TI  - Studies on antidiabetic agents. III. 5-Arylthiazolidine-2,4-diones as potent
      aldose reductase inhibitors.

PMID- 6819095
TI  - [Immunity in tuberculosis].

PMID- 6819096
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of gonococci isolated in the Central African
      Republic.
AB  - Using agar dilution techniques, we determined the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations (MIC) of 11 antimicrobials for 70 isolates of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae obtained in Bangui, Central African Republic. These gonococci were
      found to be fairly susceptible to commonly used antibiotics: only 3 isolates (4%)
      had a penicillin MIC >/= 1.0 mug/ml and 6 (9%) had a tetracycline MIC >/= 2.0
      mug/ml. With regard to other antibiotics, 54 isolates (77%) had an erythromycin
      MIC >/= 0.25 mug/ml, all had a spectinomycin MIC </= 16 mug/ml, and 32 (46%) had
      a sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim MIC >/= 9.5/0.5 mug/ml. None of these isolates
      produced penicillinase.This study has helped to provide a rational basis for
      establishing national gonorrhoea treatment recommendations in the Central African
      Republic.

PMID- 6819098
TI  - [A case of acromegaly associated with insulin-resistant diabetes and ketoacidotic
      coma].

PMID- 6819097
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide pretreatment on the short-term disposition and biliary
      excretion of adriamycin metabolites in rat.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with cyclophosphamide 180 mg/kg upon the short-term
      disposition of adriamycin in anesthetized rat 4 days later was studied. There was
      a significant decrease in plasma adriamycin clearance, from 125 to 48 ml/min/kg,
      and a significant decrease in the apparent volume of the peripheral compartment
      of adriamycin distribution, from 51.7 to 25.6 l/kg, in cyclophosphamide
      pretreated as against control rats. Biliary excretion of adriamycin over 2.5 h
      was increased significantly by 114% in cyclophosphamide-pretreated rats and there
      was a small but nonsignificant increase in biliary adriamycinol excretion and a
      decrease in excretion of adriamycin aglycones. Cyclophosphamide pretreatment was
      associated with an 83% increase in bile flow. Cyclophosphamide pretreatment had
      no significant effect upon the utilization of adriamycin or upon the formation of
      adriamycin metabolites by rat isolated hepatocytes. The results suggest that
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, which is decreased 40% by cyclophosphamide
      pretreatment, is not rate-limiting in elimination of adriamycin. Biliary
      excretion of adriamycin is increased when plasma adriamycin clearance is
      decreased, suggesting that cyclophosphamide pretreatment affects a pathway
      besides biliary excretion that is responsible for the short-term removal of
      adriamycin from plasma.

PMID- 6819099
TI  - Congenital deafness and hypogonadism: a new X-linked recessive disorder.

PMID- 6819100
TI  - Chronic urticaria with monoclonal IgM--a report of five cases.

PMID- 6819102
TI  - Estrogen assay during pregnancy.

PMID- 6819103
TI  - Suburethral diverticulum.

PMID- 6819101
TI  - New hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma: combined treatment with an LHRH
      agonist and an antiandrogen.
AB  - In order to block the influence of androgens from all sources on the growth of
      prostatic cancer, we have used a new hormonal therapy based on medical castration
      achieved with the potent LHRH agonist [D-Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH
      ethylamide (HOE-766) combined with the administration of a pure antiandrogen that
      neutralizes the action of adrenal androgens as well as those still secreted in
      low amounts by the testis during LHRH agonist treatment. This study was performed
      in ten patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma (9 at stage D2 and one at stage
      C). Bone pain, prostatism and general well-being were 60 to 90% improved within
      one month after starting treatment in all patients. After 2 months of treatment,
      minimal bone pain remained only in one patient who was originally bedridden. Bone
      scanning showed a 70 to 90% decrease in uptake after 3 to 5 months of treatment
      in the patients studied. Acid phosphatase levels were 60 to 90% reduced after 2
      months of treatment in 3 out of the 4 patients who had elevated levels before
      therapy. Marked objective and subjective improvement was thus rapidly observed in
      9 out of 10 patients treated with the combined therapy, while, in the other
      patient at stage C, subjective improvement could be documented. Although
      preliminary, this study indicates that a combined hormonal therapy which
      neutralizes all androgenic influences on peripheral tissues is of potential
      benefit in prostatic cancer. Moreover, the ease of application as well as the
      lack of secondary effects of the present approach should make possible its use
      early in the disease and should thus minimize the development of metastases and
      androgen-resistant cell clones. Randomized prospective studies on this
      potentially beneficial therapy are warranted.

PMID- 6819104
TI  - Application of stable labelled drugs in clinical pharmacokinetic investigations.

PMID- 6819107
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte therapy and parenteral nutrition in low birth weight
      infants.

PMID- 6819106
TI  - Diurnal variations in steady-state plasma concentrations of valproic acid in
      epileptic patients.
AB  - Patients on long term valproate treatment exhibit unusual fluctuations in steady
      state plasma levels of valproic acid. In order to delineate the underlying
      mechanisms of these fluctuations, 2 studies were undertaken. In the oral study, 6
      epileptic patients received enteric-coated sodium valproate tablets (on a bid
      regimen for at least 1 month) and plasma levels were monitored on an hourly basis
      during 24 hours. In the intravenous study, 5 patients received first an
      intravenous bolus dose (800mg) of sodium valproate followed a week later by a
      combination intravenous loading dose/constant rate infusion for 36 hours. Plasma
      valproic acid concentrations were monitored hourly during the infusion study. In
      the oral study, valproic acid concentrations in all subjects continued to decay
      for 5 to 6 hours following the 8pm dose. The mean fluctuation in concentrations
      during 24 hours was 112.8 +/- 31.6%. Consecutive fasting levels were not
      reproducible. In the intravenous study, small but significant oscillations were
      present at steady-state; fluctuations ranged from 22 to 34%. However, no
      circadian rhythm was apparent. On the basis of these findings, it appears that
      the value of a single fasting sample during therapeutic monitoring of valproic
      acid is questionable. For an accurate evaluation of valproic acid plasma levels,
      an average concentration based upon several daily determinations should be
      performed.

PMID- 6819108
TI  - Plasma viscosity, haematocrit and red-cell transport.
AB  - An erythrocyte transport function (ETF) is proposed, as an index of the
      efficiency of the circulation of red cells. Under defined conditions, this ETF is
      shown to be proportional to the ratio of haematocrit to whole-blood viscosity
      (phi/eta), a ratio already used by Chien. The variations of phi/eta with phi, at
      selected driving pressures in a capillary viscometer, are presented, both for
      normal and for pathological blood samples. Maximal values of phi/eta appear
      generally to occur at haematocrits of about 42%, and are strongly dependent upon
      plasma viscosity. They are also influenced by shear. The concept of 'isograds'
      (curves of phi/eta against phi at constant velocity gradient) is introduced, and
      is analysed in technical appendices which also deal with rates of shear in
      capillary and rotational viscometers when Newtonian or shear-sensitive liquids
      are measured.

PMID- 6819105
TI  - Anticonvulsants during pregnancy and lactation. Transplacental, maternal and
      neonatal pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Few data are available on placental transfer of anticonvulsants during early
      pregnancy. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that at this early stage of
      gestation, considerable amounts of phenytoin, primidone/phenobarbitone and
      carbamazepine as well as some of their metabolites are already present in fetal
      tissues. Potentially reactive metabolites of anticonvulsants can be formed by the
      fetal liver and accumulate in some organs. At term, most anticonvulsants are
      present in neonatal plasma in concentrations similar to those in maternal plasma.
      Valproic acid, on the other hand, can accumulate in fetal blood, for still
      unknown reasons. Elimination by the neonate is variable and is dependent on
      several factors, such as clinical state, pre- or perinatal enzyme induction,
      absorption of the drugs and their plasma protein binding. Neonatal acquisition of
      anticonvulsants via breast-feeding does not seem to be harmful for the neonate.
      In the case of phenobarbitone, however, the drug may accumulate in nursing
      neonates to levels approaching or even exceeding those of their mothers.
      Significant drug levels can also build up in neonates and infants nursed by
      carbamazepine- and ethosuximide-treated mothers. This review contains relevant
      pharmacokinetic data on anticonvulsant drugs widely used during pregnancy and the
      neonatal period. The differences between pregnant and non-pregnant adults as well
      as between neonates and older age groups are emphasized. Some pharmacokinetic
      data are correlated with clinical manifestations, such as seizure frequency,
      neonatal depression and withdrawal symptoms.

PMID- 6819109
TI  - The role of new laboratory tests in clinical decision-making.

PMID- 6819110
TI  - Timing of repeated monitoring tests.
AB  - This article describes a method for evaluating some of the medical, economic, and
      personal consequences of different policies of monitoring patients for various
      disorders. The problem is difficult because it is dynamic. Most conditions
      develop over time, and in many cases the sensitivity of the test as well as the
      cost of treatment and the prognosis of the patient depend on how far the disorder
      has progressed at the time the test is performed. This model incorporates all
      these factors and enables one to estimate the consequences of applying several
      tests in different orders and frequencies. The most important assumption in the
      model is that the outcomes are functions of the earliness of detection (as
      defined in Figure 3). Failure of this assumption can sometimes be corrected for,
      but the equations are considerably more complicated and the estimation of
      parameters more difficult. The progression assumption, that once a particular
      condition is detectable it is always detectable, is a strong assumption that does
      not admit the possibility of random false-negative test results. The presence of
      random false-negative results, however, can be tested for and a random false
      negative rate can be included in the model if this is important. This model, like
      any model, is limited by how well the assumed functional forms (for example, the
      functional form of the occult interval) represent the actual functional
      relationships, and by the quality of the data used for estimation of parameters.
      In some cases, such as screening for breast cancer, good data are available and
      different functional forms can be tried. In the case of most monitoring tests,
      however, good data are not currently available. The strength of the model is that
      it can be used to analyze rather complicated problems. Its main role is to
      provide general insights, to identify what data should be collected, and to
      suggest how these data can be used.

PMID- 6819112
TI  - Body iron stores and patterns of bleeding after insertion of a levonorgestrel- or
      a copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device.

PMID- 6819111
TI  - Failure to induce early abortion by huge doses of a superactive LRH agonist in
      women.
AB  - The possible abortifacient effect of the potent stimulatory luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was studied in five women in
      early pregnancy. Four of them were treated by intravenous injections of the
      superactive LRH agonist in a dose of 50-125 micrograms t.i.d. for four days
      (total dose 600-1500 micrograms). The fifth woman discontinued treatment after
      the first 50 micrograms dose. The treatment was instituted on gestational day 37,
      38, 40, 42 and 46. Clinical examinations and frequently taken peripheral venous
      blood samples for analyses of human chorionic gonadotropin and ovarian steroids
      were used for monitoring the treatment. No abortifacient effects of these large
      doses of the superactive LRH agonist were observed and the pregnancies had to be
      terminated by suction curettage after 10-13 days. Thus, previously described
      luteolytic effects by superactive LRH agonist are overcome probably by endogenous
      chorionic gonadotropin in early human pregnancy.

PMID- 6819113
TI  - Protein-energy malnutrition as a culture-bound syndrome.
AB  - A new definition of the concept of culture-bound syndrome demonstrates that
      culture-boundedness is common and applies as well to Western biomedical disease
      categories as to nonWestern categories. Culture-boundedness is important when a
      common disorder with a large sociopsychological component is frequently treated,
      but unsuccessfully. To improve intervention success, therapists must recognize
      and accept that clients and interventionists may employ widely dissimilar culture
      bound explanatory models. Therapists must learn to synthesize among models,
      neither rejecting nor discounting those of clients. The fact that Western notions
      of cause are culture-bound has gone largely unrecognized because of the tendency
      among biomedical scientists to treat science as if it were culture-free and
      universally comprehensible. This is of course a naive and invalid understanding.
      These points are illustrated for the case of protein-energy malnutrition. If
      those who design and facilitate intervention to alleviate hunger can come to
      understand that the scientific explanatory model of protein-energy malnutrition
      is only one among several cogent models, they will be in a strong position to
      understand intervention failure and possibly to overcome it.

PMID- 6819114
TI  - The common dynamics of therapy and their presumed results.

PMID- 6819115
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline in nutritional edema.
AB  - Tetracycline pharmacokinetics were studied in a group of normal subjects and in
      patients with nutritional oedema. Though both groups of subjects received similar
      dose per kilogram body weight, plasma concentrations and area under the curve
      (AUC) were significantly higher in nutritional oedema patients. The total body
      clearance of the drug was reduced due to significant reductions in renal and non
      renal clearance of drug. The volume of distribution (VB) was low, with
      significant increase in rate of transfer of drug from peripheral to central
      compartment (K21), indicating poor tissue sequestration of the drug in
      nutritional-oedema patients. In some respects, these alterations in kinetics of
      tetracycline in nutritional-oedema patients are different from our earlier
      observations made in undernourished subjects who had mild and moderate forms of
      malnutrition. These results suggest that changes in disposition of drugs are also
      influenced by the severity of malnutrition, and demand suitable alterations in
      dosage regimen.

PMID- 6819116
TI  - A temporal study at the ultrastructural level of the developing pro-oocyte of
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 6819117
TI  - Analysis of chromosomal homologies between two species of the subgenus
      Sophophora: D. miranda and D. melanogaster using cloned DNA segments.
AB  - Chromosomal homology between two species of the subgenus Sophophora, D. miranda
      and D. melanogaster, belonging to the obscura and the melanogaster group
      respectively, was probed by DNA in situ cross hybridizations. A set of
      recombinant plasmids with inserts derived from the D. melanogaster genome were
      cross hybridized to the D. miranda karyotype. Vice versa, recombinant Lambda
      phages isolated from a genomic D. miranda library were localized in D. miranda
      and probed for localization in D. melanogaster. In the main, the results support
      the homology relations proposed on the basis of cytogenetic data. However, the
      location of both tandemly repetitive genes tested, 5S RNA genes and the histone
      genes, is not in accordance with expectation. The 5S RNA genes, when probed with
      the D. melanogaster plasmid 12D8 (Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1977), were found to
      occur at two sites in both, D. miranda and D. pseudoobscura.

PMID- 6819118
TI  - Ecdysterone induced protein synthesis in salivary glands and in fat body of
      Drosophila melanogaster larvae.
AB  - Salivary glands of 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were labeled with
      3H-leucine in the presence and absence of ecdysterone. Twenty-six ecdysterone
      inducible proteins were detected. Their induction was correlated with puff stage.
      Synthesis of fifteen proteins commenced during early puff stage (PS2); synthesis
      of seven others at late puff stages (PS8-10). Synthesis of four proteins was
      induced between puff stage 3/4 and 7/8. Thus, the hormonal induction of protein
      synthesis generally reflected the appearance of early and of late puffs as
      described by Ashburner (1972). Eleven ecdysterone inducible proteins were
      detected in larval fat body in vitro. Comparison of the fat body to the salivary
      gland proteins revealed that one of the ecdysterone induced fat body proteins was
      identical in molecular weight and charge to one of the proteins induced by
      ecdysterone in salivary glands.

PMID- 6819119
TI  - Effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment on cortical development in mice
      and rats as monitored by developmental changes of gangliosides.
AB  - In a comparative study newborn rats and mice received subcutaneous (s.c.)
      injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA: 100 mg/kg) on postnatal days (p.d.) 1-3.
      In rats the treatment permanently reduced synaptosomal 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA)
      uptake in the cortex to about 50-60% of control values. Conversely, cortical 3H
      NA uptake was only temporarily reduced in treated mice during the first week and
      central noradrenergic neurons completely recovered during the second and third
      week. The different response of mice and rats to 6-OHDA is suggested to be due to
      earlier maturation of the noradrenergic system in mice, making it less vulnerable
      to neonatal injections of the neurotoxin. To determine whether the development of
      the cortex would be altered after degeneration of its noradrenergic innervation,
      developmental changes of cortical ganglioside content and composition of 6-OHDA
      treated animals were compared to that of littermate controls. In 18-day-old rats,
      where reduction of 3H-NA uptake had persisted, ganglioside content was reduced by
      16.5%, indicating growth impairment of neuronal membrane structures. Cortical
      gangliosides of younger rats and all the stages studied in mice were not affected
      by 6-OHDA treatment.

PMID- 6819120
TI  - Pathways for short latency afferent input to motor cortex in monkeys.

PMID- 6819121
TI  - Motor areas of the monkey's frontal cerebral cortex.

PMID- 6819122
TI  - Separate cell systems in the motor cortex of the monkey for the control of joint
      movement and of joint stiffness.
AB  - A series of new observations is described from experiments with alert monkeys,
      who have been trained to control the position of the wrist in the presence of
      perturbing forces. The results suggest that the wrist control area of the
      precentral motor cortex contains separate neuronal populations for the control of
      2 major forms of motor output. The first activates particular groups of
      synergists independently, or the members of a set of antagonist muscles
      reciprocally; this form of activation provides, under natural conditions, for
      smooth movement of the joint from one position to another. The second population
      of cells evokes co-activation of antagonist muscles, at one or more joints in the
      arm. This population provides for the cortical control of the postural supporting
      reactions which must occur in the arm when one or more of its joints are moved.
      In addition, it appears to provide for a separate control of joint stiffness,
      thus allowing for a control of joint position in the presence of very rapid or
      unpredictable external force perturbations. A possible role for this system as a
      means of joint position control during the early phases of motor learning is also
      discussed.

PMID- 6819123
TI  - Therapeutic concentration of antiepileptic drugs and the severity of
      epileptogenesis.
AB  - In sodium valproate monotherapy for generalized seizures and carbamazepine for
      partial seizures, it was found in a within-patient follow-up study that the
      effect-developing concentrations which were sufficient to suppress the clinical
      seizures were significantly higher than the effect-sustaining concentrations by
      which longstanding suppression was maintained. There was a delayed onset of
      therapeutic effect which worked to suppress the clinical and electrographic
      seizure manifestations, and the length of the delay depended on the nature of the
      epilepsy. In animal experiments, the possibility that the severity of epilepsy
      may become milder as a consequence of successful pharmacotherapy was reconfirmed
      in amygdaloid-kindled cats on chronic medication in place of kindling animals on
      acute prophylactic medication. Only when the established generalized seizures
      were completely suppressed, was the generalized seizure triggering threshold
      evidently elevated. Since epilepsy is a long-standing condition lasting for years
      to decades, short-spanned cross-sectional observations are often misleading.
      Whatever relationship might exist between the blood levels of antiepileptic drugs
      and the paroxysmal discharges in the EEG, the severity of epileptogenesis as well
      as the longitudinal time course must always be taken into consideration in the
      drug treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 6819125
TI  - The use of the inter-ictal EEG in the study of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6819124
TI  - EEG quantification of drug level effects in monkey model of partial epilepsy.

PMID- 6819126
TI  - Psychoactive drugs, animal ECoG and behaviour.

PMID- 6819127
TI  - Effects of liposome-adipocyte interaction on calcium binding and insulin action.
AB  - The interaction of phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing liposomes with isolated rat
      adipocytes under conditions of liposome-cell fusion or endocytosis was
      accompanied by an increase in adipocyte membrane calcium binding in both the
      basal and insulin-stimulated state. In vesicle-treated adipocytes, insulin
      stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake was inhibited and not as dependent on external
      calcium concentration as in control cells. These data suggest that the inhibition
      of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in vesicle treated adipocytes may
      result from the binding of calcium to the exogenously introduced phospholipid at
      the expense of membrane constituents normally involved in insulin-stimulated
      calcium binding. This is supported by the observations that 1) the calcium
      ionophore A23187 increased intracellular calcium levels, yet had no effect on
      insulin-stimulated hexose uptake; and 2) treatment of intact adipocytes with
      phospholipase A2 after the cells had been incubated with vesicles resulted in a
      decrease in membrane associated Ca++ and exogenous phosphatidylserine, which is
      consistent with a direct role of membrane phosphatidylserine in calcium binding.

PMID- 6819128
TI  - Kinetics of the double-antibody, liquid-phase radioimmunoassay for rat
      gonadotropins.
AB  - The liquid phase, double antibody radioimmunoassays for rat LH and FSH were
      studied with respect to the minimum duration required for their completion using
      NIAMDD (National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases)
      reagents at their recommended dilutions. The minimum assay duration, which still
      allows maximum sensitivity, at temperatures not exceeding room temperature is 3
      days for the LH assay and 4 days for the FSH assay. The extra day for the FSH
      assay is due to apparently nonreversible binding of rat FSH to anti-rat FSH. Such
      nonequilibrium binding was also observed under certain conditions with the LH
      assay. The greatest tracer binding was observed at a I-Ab (rabbit anti-LH or anti
      FSH) incubation of 1 day at 27 degrees C plus 1 day at 4 degrees C followed by 1
      additional day at 4 degrees C with the II-Ab (antirabbit gamma-globulin).

PMID- 6819129
TI  - [Clinical value of a sensitive TSH-RIA].
AB  - Based on a sensitive TSH-RIA (measuring-range 0.2-25 mU/l, 50%-intercept 2 mU/l,
      coefficients of between-assay-variation 5-10%) and on nearly 1200 cases, it is
      demonstrated that clinical results can be received by determination of basal
      serum-TSH alone. Values above 0.5 mU TSH/l indicate positive TRH-tests in a good
      correlation between increasing basal concentrations and pituitary TSH-reserve.
      TSH-levels below 0.3 mU/l proceed with negative TRH-tests. In selected healthy
      subjects, we found all TSH-values between 0.7 and nearly 5 mU/l (means = 1.99).
      In euthyroid goiters, TSH-levels are normally in the same range, but in nodular
      goiters, subnormal values were found accumulated. TSH-levels below 0.3 mU/l are
      helpful to discover non-suppressibility. Hormone-treatment of goiters is
      successful above all in case of high-normal pretherapeutic TSH-values. "Fine
      tuning" of hormone-dosage (goiter-treatment, postoperative prophylaxis,
      suppression-therapy in thyroid carcinoma) as well as monitoring of thyrotoxicosis
      treatment is recommended to be performed by means of basal TSH-determination. In
      pituitary disorders, thyroid hormone-treatment seems to be necessary only at TSH
      levels below 0.5 mU/l. Combination of basal TSH and total T-3 is economical and
      describes nearly all functional situations in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid
      diseases.

PMID- 6819130
TI  - Growth hormone and changes in the secretion of thyrotropic hormone after
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): ineffectiveness of dopaminergic stimulation.

PMID- 6819131
TI  - Pituitary-thyroid dysfunction in severe non-thyroidal disease: "low-T4 syndrome".
AB  - Thyroid function tests were obtained from 335 consecutive patients admitted to an
      intensive care unit. Twenty patients suffering from severe non-endocrine diseases
      (septicaemia, fulminant hepatic and renal failure, acute pancreatitis,
      polytrauma, cerebral haemorrhage) were found to have serum thyroxine levels in
      the hypothyroid range (less than 4 micrograms/dl). Serum concentrations of total
      thyroxine (2.3 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl), triiodothyronine (0.23 +/- 0.03 ng/ml),
      and thyroxine binding globulin (15.1 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml) were reduced, but
      were above normal for reverse triiodothyronine (0.43 +/- 0.06 ng/ml). Response of
      TSH secretion to iv TRH was found to be either normal, lowered or absent. Primary
      hypothyroidism was excluded, as no enhanced TSH response was observed in any
      case. Although decreased thyroxine levels may be due to increased thyroid hormone
      degradation it appears that associated impaired TSH responsiveness to TRH may
      result from illness-related inhibition of pituitary TSH release. Although the
      finding of decreased thyroid hormone levels is not rare in care patients, it
      represents an index of poor prognosis. Differentiation between this "low-T4
      syndrome" and true hypothyroidism depends essentially on clinical symptoms and
      course of disease.

PMID- 6819132
TI  - Effect of calcium antagonists on thyrotropin and thyroid hormone secretion.
AB  - The authors investigated the effect of one-week administration of verapamil in
      daily therapeutic doses of 4 X 40 mg by the oral route and the effect of
      nifedipine in daily therapeutic doses of 3 X 20 mg by the oral route. Verapamil
      and nifedipine did not affect significantly the levels of thyrotropin,
      triiodothyronine and thyroxine nor their response after stimulation with TRH. The
      theoretical and practical impact of this finding is discussed in particular with
      regard to possible side-effects of calcium antagonists during their therapeutic
      use in clinical cardiology.

PMID- 6819133
TI  - Detection of DNA damage in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes following in vivo
      and in vitro exposure to genotoxic agents.
AB  - A simplified method for the quantitation of DNA damage in nonlabeled hepatocytes,
      using a fluorometric technique for the quantitation of DNA in conjunction with a
      modification of the alkaline elution technique of Kohn et al [1976], following
      chemical treatment in vitro and in vivo, is described. Freshly isolated
      hepatocytes were treated in vitro with 2-acetylaminofluorene, aflatoxin B1, and
      dimethylnitrosamine, then examined for DNA damage. Exposure to each of these
      compounds resulted in DNA damage. Hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with the
      hepatocarcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzidine, azoxymethane,
      dimethylhydrazine, dimethylnitrosamine, and diethylnitrosamine sustained DNA
      damage as evidenced by increased alkaline elution. DNA damage in hepatocytes was
      also observed as a result of treatment with methylmethanesulfonate and azaserine.
      The hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride did not induce DNA damage in hepatocytes
      isolated from treated animals. A comparison of the induction of DNA damage and of
      unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocytes from the same animals revealed that in
      most cases the extent of elution of DNA from filters was proportional to the
      induction of DNA repair.

PMID- 6819134
TI  - Genetic effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in Drosophila.
AB  - Induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, heritable translocations and
      genetic crossing-over were studied in Drosophila melanogaster males treated as
      adults and as embryos with different concentrations of gaseous DBCP. Adults
      exposed to 30 ppm/hr of the compound did not produce a significant number of sex
      linked recessive lethal mutations in treated spermatozoa, spermatids, or
      spermatocytes. However, at an exposure of 17.7 ppm/hr, a weak mutagenic effect
      was observed in embryonic spermatogonia. No translocation was scored in 4032
      tested chromosomes from adults treated with 150 ppm/hr. However, a significant
      number of spermatocytial crossovers were induced after an exposure of 120 ppm/hr.

PMID- 6819135
TI  - Organochlorine compounds in the adipose tissue of deceased persons with and
      without cancer: a statistical survey of some potential confounders.

PMID- 6819136
TI  - Evaluation of hydrotreatment as a means of reducing biological activity of
      synfuel related materials.

PMID- 6819137
TI  - Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces aureofaciens protein-synthesis
      elongation factor Tu in an aggregated state.
AB  - The ability of EF-Tu to aggregate spontaneously was employed for the purification
      of homogeneous EF-Tu . GDP from Streptomyces aureofaciens. The formation of
      filamentous structures in the aggregated EF-Tu was demonstrated in a light
      microscope. The purified factor, with a specific activity of 19,100 +/- 1,000
      units/mg in [3H]GDP exchange, was shown to be active in the translation of
      poly(U). Aggregated EF-Tu . GDP exhibited almost eight-times lower GDP-exchange
      capacity at 2 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. This suggests that GDP-binding
      sites are not freely accessible at lower temperatures in the aggregated factor,
      in contrast to Escherichia coli polymerized EF-Tu. Turbidimetric assays revealed
      that the solubilization of diluted aggregated S. aureofaciens EF-Tu is strongly
      dependent on temperature and causes an increase in the number of accessible GDP
      binding sites.

PMID- 6819138
TI  - Lipoxygenase mRNA in rabbit reticulocytes. Its isolation, characterization and
      translational repression.
AB  - The synthesis of the erythroid lipoxygenase, an enzyme which is of importance for
      the degradation of mitochondria during the maturation of reticulocytes to
      erythrocytes, was studied in reticulocytes from bone marrow and in density
      separated fractions from peripheral blood of anemic rabbits. Lipoxygenase mRNA
      was enriched to about 75% by digestion of polysomes with protease K, poly(U)
      Sepharose chromatography and repeated sucrose gradient centrifugation. From
      sucrose gradient centrifugation, electrophoresis and electron microscopy a
      molecular weight of about 10(6) was calculated. Synthesis of lipoxygenase is
      absent in erythroblasts, in very young reticulocytes obtained from bone marrow,
      or in the lightest fractions of reticulocytes from the peripheral blood. More
      mature blood reticulocytes show a considerable synthesis of the enzyme. The
      induction of the synthesis of the lipoxygenase seems to be initiated when
      reticulocytes have reached the peripheral blood. It is shown that lipoxygenase
      mRNA is present in reticulocytes as a translationally inactive free cytoplasmic
      messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle. After deproteinization isolated mRNA
      obtained from masked mRNP codes for authentic lipoxygenase in a cell-free protein
      synthesizing system of reticulocytes.

PMID- 6819139
TI  - A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of CO2/HCO-3 exchange catalyzed by human
      carbonic anhydrase I.
AB  - Rates of CO2/HCO-3 exchange, catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase I (or B) at
      chemical equilibrium, were estimated from the nuclear magnetic resonance
      linewidths of 13C-labeled substrates. The results show that the maximal exchange
      rate constant is independent of pH in the range 5.7-8.0, whereas the apparent
      substrate dissociation constant depends on pH. Exchange proceeds rapidly in the
      absence of added buffers, and the addition of buffers has negligible effects on
      exchange rates. Exchange is equally rapid with 1H2O or 2H2O as solvents. Chloride
      ions inhibit CO2/HCO-3 exchange competitively. The maximal exchange rates
      obtained with human carbonic anhydrase I are 50 times slower than those obtained
      with human isoenzyme II (or C). From a comparison of the exchange kinetics with
      the steady-state kinetics of CO2 hydration and HCO-3 dehydration it is
      tentatively concluded that the transfer of H+ between active site and medium
      proceeds with rates of similar magnitudes in the two isoenzymes, whereas the
      central catalytic step, the interconversion of enzyme-bound CO2 and HCO-3, is
      much slower in isoenzyme I than in isoenzyme II.

PMID- 6819140
TI  - Purification and properties of the bifunctional proline dehydrogenase/1-pyrroline
      5-carboxylate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Proline dehydrogenase/1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (Pro/P5C
      dehydrogenase), a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the two consecutive reactions of
      the oxidation of proline to glutamic acid, was purified from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strain PAO1. Pro/P5C dehydrogenase oxidized L-proline in an FAD
      dependent reaction to L-delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and converted this
      intermediate with NAD or NADP as cosubstrates to L-glutamic acid. The
      purification procedure involved DEAE-cellulose chromatography, affinity
      chromatography on Matrex gel red A and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. It
      resulted, after 40-fold purification with 11% yield, in a homogeneous preparation
      (greater than 98% pure). The molecular weight of the single subunit was
      determined as 119,000. Gel filtration of purified Pro/P5C dehydrogenase yielded a
      molecular weight of 242,000 while polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native
      conditions led to the appearance of two catalytically active forms of the enzyme
      with molecular weights of 241,000 and 470,000. Manual Edman degradation revealed
      proline, alanine and aspartic acid as the N-terminal amino acid sequence. Pro/P5C
      dehydrogenase was highly specific for the L-forms of proline and delta 1
      pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. Its apparent Km values were 45 mM for L-proline,
      0.03 mM for NAD and 0.17 mM for NADP. The saturation function for delta 1
      pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid was non-hyperbolic.

PMID- 6819141
TI  - Properties of an aldose reductase from pig lens. Comparative studies of an
      aldehyde reductase from pig lens.
AB  - Two monomeric NADPH enzymes from pig lens, an aldehyde reductase and an aldose
      reductase, have been characterized. The aldose reductase is obtained in a pure
      form. The aldehyde reductase, usually called hexonate dehydrogenase, is the same
      protein as that was recently isolated from pig liver [Branlant, G. and Biellmann,
      J.F. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 105, 611-621]. The aldose reductase is shown to have
      a number of properties in common with the aldehyde reductase, namely its physico
      chemical properties, its tendency to be inhibited by quercitine derivatives and
      its substrate specificity. These two enzymes differ in their immunological
      properties. Only aldose reductase has a reactive Cys residue, localized in or
      near the substrate binding site. In contrast to that shown for aldehyde reductase
      [Branlant, G. et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 505-512; Branlant, G. (1982)
      Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 407-411], no anion-recognition sites are in the substrate
      binding site of aldose reductase. The fact that also sugars are substrates for
      aldose reductase support the idea that this enzyme is implicated in the formation
      of sugar cataract as suggested by Kinoshita, J.H. et al. [J. Am. Med. Ass. 246,
      257-261 (1981)]. Pig lens aldose reductase does not show homotropic cooperative
      effects with respect to either substrate or coenzyme.

PMID- 6819142
TI  - Renal transport of lysine and arginine in lysinuric protein intolerance.
AB  - In a patient with lysinuric protein intolerance, renal handling of lysine and
      arginine was examined to study the renal transport mechanism of this disease. The
      tubular reabsorption of lysine or arginine of the patient, when the filtered load
      of amino acid was increased by intravenous infusion, was not raised as much as
      that of control subjects at low filtered loads, but the ability for amino acid
      reabsorption seemed to exist under these conditions. However, when the filtered
      load was greatly increased, instead of a net reabsorption, a net secretion of
      amino acid was obtained. This seems to mean that at low filtered loads the amino
      acid in the tubular lumen is accumulated by the tubular cell across the intact
      luminal membrane, leading to a small amino acid excretion in the urine. With a
      great increase of the filtered load the saturated intracellular amino acid, which
      is not transported to the capillary because of a transport defect of the
      basolateral membrane, is assumed to leak back into the lumen. This causes a
      marked urinary amino acid loss exceeding filtered load at high tubular loads. The
      intravenous load of lysine depressed the percentage of arginine reabsorption and
      arginine load depressed lysine reabsorption. The percentage of the depressed
      amino acid reabsorption of the patient decreased almost linearly with increases
      of the inhibitor load.

PMID- 6819143
TI  - Decreased serum carnitine in valproate induced Reye syndrome.
AB  - A 3-year-old girl developed acute liver disease after treatment with valproate
      for 6 months. She developed the typical features of Reye syndrome. Serum free
      carnitine was decreased as well as 3-keto-valproic acid, the main metabolite of
      beta-oxidation of valproate. The serum valproate concentration was at the upper
      limit of the therapeutic range. The possible importance of carnitine in the
      pathogenesis of valproate induced liver disease is discussed.

PMID- 6819144
TI  - Relationship of breast feeding versus bottle feeding with emergency room visits
      and hospitalization for infectious diseases.
AB  - Breast-feeding habits of 480 Jewish infants visiting a pediatric emergency room
      (ER) with infectious diseases were compared to those of 502 healthy infants
      visiting maternal-child health centers (MCH). (These centers are attended by
      almost 100% of the Jewish infant population.) Among infants under 5 months of age
      with acute gastroenteritis and upper respiratory infections, breast feeding was
      significantly less prevalent than among age-matched infants in the MCH group
      (22.6%, 18.5% and 53.4% respectively, P less than 0.0001). Infants with acute
      otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections showed the same trend
      although the numbers were small. A very short breast-feeding period of 2 weeks or
      less was more prevalent among the ER group and was associated with increased
      hospitalization rate. These data emphasize the importance of breast milk in
      reduction of ER visiting and hospitalization rate.

PMID- 6819145
TI  - cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) and hexamethylmelamine in advanced ovarian
      carcinoma: a phase II study.
AB  - Thirty-eight previously treated patients with ovarian carcinoma received a
      combination of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) and hexamethylmelamine
      (HMM). The schedule was CDDP 75 mg/m2 i.v. with forced diuresis on day 1,
      followed by HMM 200 mg/m2 p.o. on days 8-21, repeated every 4 weeks. In 29
      evaluable patients an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 35% with a median
      response duration of 4.5 months was observed. The performance status seemed to be
      an important prognostic factor. The gastrointestinal- and neurotoxicities were
      severe and resulted in dose modification and/or drug discontinuation in half of
      the patients. In conclusion, CDDP and HMM is an active drug combination in
      advanced ovarian carcinoma resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A possible
      superiority of this combination compared with CDDP or HMM alone has to await
      randomized trials.

PMID- 6819146
TI  - Studies with steroid-fluorescein conjugates on oestrogen target tissues.
AB  - Steroid--fluorescein amine and steroid-BSA-fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugates
      have been prepared and their ability to bind to oestrogen receptors assessed in
      competitive binding studies. The binding of all the fluorescent conjugates to
      uterine cytosol proteins was low when compared with either oestradiol or
      diethylstilboestrol. A comparative study was carried out to assess the
      relationship between oestrogen receptor content, determined biochemically, and
      histochemical localisation of the oestrogen binding components on thin sections
      of rat uteri, DMBA-induced mammary tumours and also human breast tumour tissue
      taken at mastectomy. The data indicate that in thin sections of tissue all of
      these conjugates appear to bind not to the classical oestrogen receptor moiety
      but to other oestrogen binding proteins.

PMID- 6819147
TI  - Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune system of the mouse. I. Evidence for a
      direct selective effect of cyclosporin A on B cells responding to anti
      immunoglobulin antibodies.
AB  - Previous in vivo studies have shown that the immunsuppressive peptide cyclosporin
      A (CsA) selectively suppresses antibody responses to nonmitogenic T-independent
      (TI-2) antigens, but not those to mitogenic (TI-1) antigens. This report
      demonstrates that in vitro CsA suppresses the polyclonal proliferative response
      of B cells to anti-Ig (anti-mu) antibodies at 300-400 fold lower doses than are
      required to inhibit B cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Since the
      proliferative response to anti-mu requires neither T cells nor macrophages, it is
      concluded that CsA has a direct inhibitory effect on the B cells responding to
      this mitogen. The data support the concept that the B cells responding to TI-2
      antigens are contained within the population which is stimulated polyclonally by
      anti-mu, and that lipopolysaccharide stimulates a distinct B cell subpopulation.
      They do not, however, exclude the possibility that anti-mu and lipopolysaccharide
      stimulate the same B cell population via two biochemically distinct triggering
      mechanisms, one of which is CsA-sensitive and the other CsA-resistant.

PMID- 6819149
TI  - Tissue distribution and ontogenetic emergence of differentiation antigens on
      avian T cells.
AB  - Two distinct antibodies raised against quail thymocytes were used in an indirect
      immunofluorescence assay to analyze the expression of differentiation antigens on
      T lineage cells in embryonic and newly hatched quail. (a) A rabbit serum, anti-AT
      65, that has been previously shown to immunoprecipitate a protein of apparently
      65-70 kDa from quail and chick thymocytes, reacts with both thymic and peripheral
      T cells. The polyspecificity of this pan-avian T cell reagent can be dissected by
      absorption and includes reactivities against two distinct antigenic entities. One
      of these is restricted to thymocytes whereas the other is also expressed on
      peripheral T cells. (b) A monoclonal antibody, a-TD1, defines the population of
      cortical thymocytes and does not react with peripheral T cells. Binding assays
      during the embryonic development of the T lineage reveal that specific surface
      markers are expressed 36 h following the seeding of lymphoid precursor cells to
      the thymic rudiment, suggesting their early commitment in this lymphoid
      microenvironment. T cells are also shown to be exported precociously to the
      embryonic splenic compartment.

PMID- 6819148
TI  - Influence of the nude and X-linked immune deficiency genes on expression of kappa
      and lambda light chains.
AB  - The relative amounts of Ig kappa and Ig lambda1 anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibodies
      were measured at various times after immunizing mice with prototype thymus
      dependent (TD), thymus-independent type 1 (TI-1) and thymus-independent type 2
      (TI-2) antigens. Similar amounts of Ig lambda1 were produced after TD and TI-2
      immunization and somewhat less was produced after a TI-1 stimulus. In contrast,
      Ig kappa levels were much greater after TD than after TI-1 or TI-2 antigen. The
      amount of light chain isotype produced appeared to depend on the molecular form
      in which the hapten was presented, although possible adjuvant effects were not
      ruled out. Levels of Ig kappa and Ig lambda present in nonimmune sera were
      measured in normal, xid and nude mice. The kappa/lambda ratio was higher in xid
      than in normal mice and the difference was demonstrated by F1 analysis to be due
      to an X-linked gene. Conversely, the kappa/lambda ratio was lower in nude than in
      normal mice. This was true for the CBA/Tufts (Ighj), CBA.Ighb and C57BL/10
      strains. However, there were no detectable differences in the relative
      frequencies of surface Ig kappa- and Ig lambda-bearing B cells in adult
      CBA/Tufts, CBA/N and nude mice. Hence, serum ratios may reflect differences at
      the level of B cell triggering. Two possible explanations for these differences
      are discussed. Ig kappa and Ig lambda may be expressed on functionally distinct B
      cell subsets. (For instance Ig lambda-producing cells might be readily triggered
      by T1 antigens whereas Ig kappa-producing cells are more dependent on T cell
      signals. Such functional subsets could be determined by light chain expression).
      Alternatively, cells producing Ig kappa antibody are selected for because they
      have a higher affinity for antigen. If so, triggering of cells producing high
      affinity Ig kappa or their subsequent selection is T cell-dependent.

PMID- 6819150
TI  - Characterization and expression of H-21 region gene products on bone marrow
      derived macrophages.
AB  - Antigen-presenting macrophages (M phi) were derived from day 7 cultures of bone
      marrow stem cells using L cell conditioned medium. The adherent bone marrow
      derived macrophages (BMM phi) were 100% esterase-positive, 95% positive for C3
      receptors, 93% positive for Fc receptors, and 95% actively phagocytic. Indirect
      immunofluorescence using anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies resulted in 60% Ia
      positive BMM phi on day 7 of stem cell culture. BMM phi could stimulate mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (MLR) proliferation across an I-A subregion difference, but
      not across I-J subregion differences. This contrasted with splenic M phi which
      stimulated MLR proliferation across both an I-A and I-J subregion difference. The
      apparent lack of I-J subregion determinants on BMM phi correlated with their
      ability to function as antigen-presenting cells. In these experiments, BMM phi
      effectively reconstituted the trinitrophenyl-specific IgM plaque-forming cell
      (PFC) response of B cells but not the primary burro red blood cell (BRBC)
      specific IgM-PFC response of M phi-depleted spleen cells. When BMM phi were added
      to BRBC-primed T and B cells, they reconstituted the secondary IgG PFC response
      to levels obtained using splenic M phi. These experiments relate the differential
      expression of H-21 region determinants on antigen-presenting cells with their
      functional capacity.

PMID- 6819151
TI  - 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in hemopoietic cell cultures and
      its relationship to interleukin 3.
AB  - Expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-SDH) has been
      investigated in long-term bone marrow cultures derived from normal and nude mice
      in the presence of horse serum and hydrocortisone. 20 alpha-SDH expression rises
      markedly in the adherent cells derived from normal bone marrow. Early (1-5 days)
      lipid profiles are similar to those seen in T cells, but at later times (6-14
      days) stromal-type lipid patterns dominate. Similar culture of fetal liver and
      nu/nu bone marrow cells shows rises in 20 alpha-SDH expression, in situations
      where T cells are notably absent. The expression of 20 alpha-SDH is not
      associated with detectable endogenous production of "interleukin 3" activity, and
      although addition of "IL 3" to bone marrow cultures increases the levels of 20
      alpha-SDH, this is associated with granulopoiesis rather than lymphoid
      development.

PMID- 6819152
TI  - Insulinotropic effects of exogenous phospholipase A2 and C in isolated pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - In isolated pancreatic islets of rats, exogenous phospholipase A2 produced
      concentration-dependent insulin secretion. p-Bromophenacyl bromide-treated enzyme
      no longer showed the insulinotropic effect. The insulinotropic effect of
      phospholipase A2 was inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and 1-phenyl-3
      pyrazolidinone (Phenidone) but not by indomethacin. Exogenous phospholipase C
      also demonstrated a concentration-related insulinotropic effect. The
      phospholipase C-induced insulin secretion, however, was inhibited by none of the
      above inhibitors. These results indicate that a lipoxygenase product(s) is
      involved in the insulinotropic action of phospholipase A2.

PMID- 6819153
TI  - Cromoglycate (DSCG) inhibits responses to platelet-activating factor (PAF
      acether) in man: an alternative mode of action for DSCG in asthma?

PMID- 6819154
TI  - Reversal of the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam on amygdaloid-kindled seizures
      by a specific benzodiazepine antagonist: RO 15-1788.
AB  - The benzodiazepine antagonist RO 15-1788 was tested in an animal model of
      experimental epilepsy, the kindling effect. In animals fully kindled from
      repeated electrical amygdaloid stimulation, RO 15-1788 reversed the
      anticonvulsant effects of diazepam (2 mg/kg) from doses of 0.4-0.5 mg/kg. Doses
      up to 20 mg/kg also antagonized the preventive action of diazepam. RO 15-1788
      alone had neither proconvulsant effects on the amygdaloid afterdischarges nor
      benzodiazepine-like activity on the kindled seizures.

PMID- 6819155
TI  - Neonatal intraspinal 6-hydroxydopamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or their
      combination: effects on nociception and morphine analgesia.
AB  - Newborn rats received two injections of intraspinal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 10
      micrograms) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 8 micrograms preceded by s.c.
      desmethylimipramine) or a 'cocktail' of both neurotoxins. The two injections were
      separated by 24 h. When assayed in adulthood, the 6-OHDA rats showed a
      substantial (about 80%) depletion of spinal norepinephrine (NE) but an elevation
      of brainstem NE. Conversely, the 5,7-DHT rats showed a modest (about 60%) loss of
      spinal serotonin (5-HT) but an elevation of brainstem 5-HT. Rats receiving
      combined 6-OHDA plus 5,7-DHT showed rostro-caudal, decreasing gradients of spinal
      NE and 5-HT depletions, with the largest loss in the lumbar cord. These
      depletions were much less than those observed after the respective single
      neurotoxin treatments. Neither the single nor combined neurotoxin treatments
      altered the tail-flick analgesia induced by morphine (1.0, 3.0 or 7.5 mg/kg
      s.c.). Basal nociception, however, was altered by the neurotoxins but in a
      sexually dimorphic manner. The 6-OHDA lowered baseline tail-flick latencies in
      females while 5,7-DHT elevated latencies in males. Like the 6-OHDA-only rats, the
      combined 6-OHDA plus 5,7-DHT lowered latencies in females. We conclude that
      neither spinal NE nor 5-HT are essential to morphine analgesia but do participate
      in nociception, seemingly in a sexually dimorphic fashion.

PMID- 6819156
TI  - Trifluoperazine blocks calcium-dependent action potentials and inhibits hormone
      release from rat pituitary tumour cells.
AB  - The effects of trifluoperazine (TFP) on basal and stimulated release of prolactin
      (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) and on the electrical properties of the membrane
      were studied in clonal rat pituitary tumour cells in culture (GH3 cells). The
      basal GH release was inhibited maximally 50% by TFP (13-30 microM) and the K+-
      and thyroliberin (TRH)-induced stimulation of both PRL and GH release was blocked
      significantly. The sustained depolarization caused by elevated extracellular K+
      concentration and the biphasic membrane potential response to TRH (normally
      leading to spontaneous action potentials) were not affected by TFP. However, TFP
      inhibited the Ca2+-dependent action potentials, probably by blocking the voltage
      sensitive Ca2+ channels in the membrane. We therefore suggest that TFP inhibits
      hormone release by blocking the uptake of extracellular Ca2+. This action of TFP
      is probably due to direct membrane effects which are independent of calmodulin.

PMID- 6819157
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, salt overload and renomedullary
      dissection on the hypoxia stimulated erythropoietin production in rats.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, salt
      overload and salt depletion, as well as renomedullary dissection on serum Ep
      level in rats exposed to acute hypoxia was studied. Male rats were given aspirin
      or saline for seven days prior to the exposure to hypoxia. Other group of animals
      was fed salt free diet for the same period of time. Indomethacin was given on two
      consecutive days and renomedullary dissection was performed three weeks before
      exposure to hypoxia. Ep level was indirectly determined by measuring the 48 h
      59Fe incorporation into RBC of mice with posthypoxic polycythemia. Hypoxia
      induced Ep production was diminished after blocking the PG synthesis using PG
      synthesis inhibitors. Salt overload, procedure known to decrease PG synthesis,
      had the same effect. Further on, dissection of the renal medulla, the main source
      of renal PG, decreased Ep production. The results indicate that PG are part of
      the mechanism which controls Ep production.

PMID- 6819158
TI  - Effects of nutrients on acid secretion by innervated total gastric pouch in
      conscious rats.
AB  - In conscious rats with innervated total gastric pouches, intravenous infusion or
      duodenal intubation with fat and glucose decreased gastric acid secretion while
      amino acids produced the opposite effect. Intravenous infusion of amino acids
      strongly increased plasma gastrin, but fat and glucose had no effect. Plasma
      gastrin increased after duodenal intubation with all three nutrients, amino acids
      being the most effective. Mechanisms of action of gastrin release and acid
      secretion are discussed concerning the route of nutrients administration which
      could play a role in the liberation of known or unknown stimulatory or inhibitory
      factors from intestinal cells.

PMID- 6819159
TI  - Exclusive occurrence of thermogenin antigen in brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Thermogenin is the purine-nucleotide binding polypeptide in brown adipose tissue
      mitochondria (Mr 32 000) which confers upon these mitochondria the ability to
      produce heat. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to
      demonstrate and quantitate the occurrence of thermogenin antigen in small amounts
      of tissue, and thus to characterize different depots of fat tissue as white or
      brown. The extreme sensitivity of the method allows determination of thermogenin
      in samples equivalent to less than 1 mg tissue. The results indicate that
      thermogenin seems to be exclusively localised in brown fat mitochondria (as
      compared to white fat, liver or heart muscle mitochondria), and thermogenin
      antigen could only be found in brown adipocytes (as compared to white
      adipocytes). Thus, brown and white adipose tissue are probably ontogenetically
      different.

PMID- 6819160
TI  - Multisite phosphorylation of glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle.
      Phosphorylation of site 5 by glycogen synthase kinase-5 (casein kinase-II) is a
      prerequisite for phosphorylation of sites 3 by glycogen synthase kinase-3.
AB  - Glycogen synthase kinase-5 (casein kinase-II) phosphorylates glycogen synthase on
      a serine termed site 5. This residue is just C-terminal to the 3 serines
      phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are critical for the hormonal
      regulation of glycogen synthase in vivo. Although phosphorylation of site 5 does
      not affect the catalytic activity, it is demonstrated that this modification is a
      prerequisite for phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Since site 5 is
      almost fully phosphorylated in vivo under all conditions, the role of glycogen
      synthase kinase-5 would appear to be a novel one in forming the recognition site
      for another protein kinase.

PMID- 6819161
TI  - Renal transport and disposition of Na-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate disulfide
      (dimesna) in the rat.
AB  - The transport and reduction of dimesna (Na-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate disulfide)
      was studied in vitro using isolated, perfused rat kidney, and isolated renal
      epithelial cells. Cellular uptake of dimesna was found to be dependent on an
      active transport mechanism working across the luminal brush border, with an app.
      Km of approximately 22 microM and Vmax approximately 1.4 nmol . 10(6) cells-1 .
      min-1. Among other low molecular thiols or disulfides reduced glutathione was the
      only one to exert competitive inhibition. gamma-GT-activity or cellular GSH
      status had no influence on renal uptake of dimesna, but the intracellular
      reduction rate was dependent on access to reduced glutathione as a cofactor.

PMID- 6819162
TI  - An essential role for polyamines in tumor metastases.

PMID- 6819163
TI  - A sensitive immunochemical method for detecting 5mC in DNA fragments.

PMID- 6819164
TI  - [Trends in pediatric endocrinology].

PMID- 6819165
TI  - Issues in the evaluation of nutrition interventions.
AB  - Malnutrition in developing countries is essentially a problem of poverty and low
      food consumption. Thus, its alleviation rests in integrating nutrition
      interventions with socio-economic development measures. With this orientation,
      evaluation is becoming increasingly necessary. However, the methodology available
      for assessing nutritional status places unreasonable demands on the human and
      financial resources of any programme. There is also a serious lack of knowledge
      of the effect of malnutrition on the physical capacity and mental functioning and
      on the relationship between malnutrition and income. Evaluation may, with
      advantage, be built into the framework of the intervention project design, and be
      introduced at the appropriate time when impact is likely to be detectable. Of
      concern are such operational aspects as the relation of evaluators to operation
      staff, the involvement of project participants and the management of evaluation
      ata. In addition, the political and ethical implications of evaluating nutrition
      interventions need to be kept in focus in order to maximize the value of
      evaluation efforts.

PMID- 6819166
TI  - Prophenoloxidase activating system and melanization - a recognition mechanism of
      arthropods? A review.

PMID- 6819167
TI  - Biochemical studies of Xenopus laevis lymphocytes surface immunoglobulins.
AB  - Cell surface immunoglobulins of adult Xenopus laevis splenic small lymphocytes
      were analysed utilizing direct immunofluorescent staining and lactoperoxidase
      catalysed radioiodination followed by immunoprecipitation of Ig molecules and
      characterization on SDS-PAGE. Nearly 30% of splenic lymphocytes are surface Ig
      positive. The HMW and LMW Ig classes are present on the surface of 23% and less
      than 5% of the cells, respectively. The mu chains of membrane HMW Ig have an
      apparent m.w. of 84,000 versus 73,000 for the mu chains of serum HMW Ig. Using
      immunofluorescent technique, we previously reported the absence of Ig molecules
      on the surface of larval Xenopus thymocytes. When the lactoperoxidase
      radioiodination technique was used, no cell surface Ig molecules could be
      isolated from Xenopus thymocytes.

PMID- 6819168
TI  - Tadpoles of Rana temporaria do not possess the lymph gland.

PMID- 6819169
TI  - Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on glucose turnover in normal man.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the influence of intravenous infusion (72 mg
      min-1) of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS), an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin
      synthesis, on glucose homeostasis in normal man. LAS infusion produced a
      transient decrease of both hepatic glucose production (Ra, p less than 0.01) and
      peripheral glucose uptake (Rd, p less than 0.01). Since Ra fell more than Rd, a
      slight but significant decrease of plasma glucose concentration occurred. Glucose
      metabolic clearance rate also showed a rapid, although transient, decrease after
      the start of LAS infusion. Plasma insulin rose twofold in response to LAS, while
      plasma glucagon remained unchanged. The failure of the glucose clearance to
      increase as a consequence of the augmented insulin levels suggests that
      salicylate compounds may cause a state of insulin resistance.

PMID- 6819170
TI  - Nonhuman primates as models for the study of human diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Nonhuman primates have been used for a variety of studies on diabetes mellitus.
      Spontaneous, natural forms of diabetes have been well documented in several
      species; there are limited data on numerous other species that indicate diabetes
      or a diabetes-like syndrome. The causes and manifestations of spontaneous
      diabetes, their prevalence, and their severity vary among species. Diabetes has
      also been induced in nonhuman primates with streptozotocin, alloxan, hypothalamic
      lesions, or pancreatectomy. The extent and severity of metabolic and hormonal
      abnormalities vary according to the method of induction, the individual monkey,
      and the species. Metabolic, hormonal, and pathologic abnormalities present in
      human diabetics also occur in monkeys with either spontaneous or induced
      diabetes. Hyperglycemia and impaired glucose clearance are common, lipid
      concentrations are elevated, and hemoglobin A1c concentrations are increased in
      hyperglycemic monkeys. Monkeys may have fasting hypo- or hyperinsulinemia;
      insulin responses are often impaired in glucose tolerance tests. Glucagon
      concentrations may be increased. Aortic atherosclerosis, muscle capillary
      microangiopathies, cataracts, and glomerulosclerosis have been documented.
      Primate size and longevity allow longitudinal studies with procedures that may
      not be feasible in smaller animals or in human beings. Nonhuman primates may be
      the models of choice for studies on selected aspects of diabetes and its
      secondary complications.

PMID- 6819172
TI  - In vitro injury of porcine aortic endothelial cells by very-low-density
      lipoproteins from diabetic rat serum.
AB  - Primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells were used to detect
      injurious agents in diabetic rat serum. Media containing normal or diabetic serum
      (streptozotocin-induced) were incubated with subconfluent primary cultures of
      endothelial cells. Cells exposed to 17% diabetic serum were severely contracted
      and permeable to trypan blue after 18 h. Cultures in normal serum contained
      significantly more protein (P less than 0.005) than cultures in diabetic serum
      after 1 day. When normal and diabetic serum were mixed in different proportions
      and added to cells at 17% total serum concentration, a 50% reduction from growth
      in normal serum occurred at a ratio of 1 part diabetic serum to 9 parts normal
      serum. The toxicity of diabetic serum was not altered by heat inactivation.
      Administration of insulin to diabetic rats reversed both cytotoxicity and
      elevated triglyceride levels. Serum triglyceride levels were inversely correlated
      with endothelial cell growth (r = -0.878, P less than 0.001). In vitro addition
      of up to 1 U/ml insulin to cultures in diabetic serum did not alter toxicity.
      Ultracentrifugal flotation of diabetic serum demonstrated the toxic substance to
      be entirely localized in the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction (d less than
      1.006 g/ml). A pool of d greater than 1.006 fractions from diabetic serum
      supported growth equivalent to normal serum. Diabetic serum contains a substance
      localized in the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction that is severely toxic to
      aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Very-low-density lipoprotein injury of
      endothelial cells may play an important role in the development of arterial
      vascular disease in insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6819171
TI  - Ocular complications.
AB  - Ocular complications of diabetes in humans are reviewed briefly, and experimental
      models available for study of the complications are described. Potentially
      suitable models include not only diabetic animals, but also nondiabetic animals
      in which analogous lesions have been demonstrated. Many abnormalities of the
      lens, cornea, iris, and retina comparable to those of diabetes in humans may be
      observed in diabetic animals, although all abnormalities are not necessarily
      observed in every species. Retinal changes, in particular, may occur in diabetic
      animals of several species, but only in large animals (dogs, primates) have
      saccular capillary aneurysms been reproduced consistently, together with other
      retinal changes typical of diabetes in humans. A few examples of the uses of
      animal models are offered, and attention is called to a lack of animal models of
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy and of rubeosis iridis.

PMID- 6819173
TI  - The effect of aldose reductase inhibition on motor nerve conduction velocity in
      diabetic rats.
AB  - This study examined the effects of an aldose reductase inhibitor (CP 45634,
      Sorbinil, Pfizer, New York, New York) on the neuropathy of streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic rats. Sorbinil treatment for 4 wk reduced sciatic nerve sorbitol
      concentration and improved motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetes of 2-9 mo
      duration. It remains to be determined whether Sorbinil can prevent chronic
      diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 6819175
TI  - Detection of type C virus particles in Japanese monkeys seropositive to adult T
      cell leukemia-associated antigens.
AB  - Type C virus particles which were identical to adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV)
      in morphology were detected in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral
      lymphocytes from four out of four Japanese monkeys seropositive to adult T-cell
      leukemia-associated antigens. It is possible that non-human primates may be a
      natural reservoir of ATLV, and vector-borne transmission of ATLV from monkeys to
      humans should be explored.

PMID- 6819174
TI  - Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion by
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, and p-bromophenacyl bromide,
      a phospholipase A2 inhibitor.

PMID- 6819177
TI  - [Sodium valproate, hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy].

PMID- 6819176
TI  - Inhibition of intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells by
      teleocidin.
AB  - Teleocidin, a mixture of teleocidin A and teleocidin B, was found to block
      metabolic cooperation between the 6-thioguanine-resistant and the 6-thioguanine
      sensitive cells in the Chinese hamster V79 cell system. A teleocidin B
      preparation containing two isomers exerted the same effect. The dose-response
      curves of these two compounds were, in general, similar to that of 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, a powerful mouse skin tumor promoter. Upon
      hydrolysis with 6M hydrochloric acid containing 4% thioglycolic acid, teleocidin
      lost most of its ability to block metabolic cooperation. This was probably caused
      by the conformational change resulting from the rupture of the nine-membered
      lactam ring of teleocidin.

PMID- 6819178
TI  - Effects of total parenteral nutrition on colonic lesions in Crohn's disease:
      radiographic and endoscopic study.
AB  - Changes in the colonic lesions were studied by means of radiographic and
      colonofiberscopic examination in 7 cases with Crohn's disease treated with total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an average of 28.6 days. During the treatment,
      radiographic examination showed that narrowing, irregular contour, and various
      ulcers of the colon were reversed, at least in part, in all cases, although there
      was no improvement in the strictured lesions of 2 cases, who finally underwent
      surgical intervention. The colonic changes were further improved in 4 of the 5
      cases who received radiographic examinations of the colon from 18 to 58 months
      (average 32.2 months) after TPN was discontinued. The present study suggests that
      treatment with TPN for Crohn's disease is not only beneficial for clinical
      symptoms but also improves radiographic and endoscopic changes of the colonic
      lesions except for stricture.

PMID- 6819179
TI  - A case of acute non-A, non-B sporadic hepatitis with evolution of liver cirrhosis
      on serial histologic follow-up.
AB  - Progression of acute non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis to liver
      cirrhosis has been well recognized as in hepatitis B infection, whereas no
      progression of acute NANB sporadic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis has yet been
      documented. We reported a 29-year-old male with prolonged transaminase elevations
      in whom acute NANB sporadic hepatitis progressed to histologically confirmed
      cirrhosis during follow-up of about 3 years. It is suggested that some of the
      cryptogenic cirrhosis of non-B type may develop from acute NANB sporadic
      hepatitis and long-term observation is also needed in patients with acute
      hepatitis of this category.

PMID- 6819180
TI  - [Progress in the contraceptive use of the LH-RH agonist buserelin: intermittent
      medication with gestagen-induced withdrawal bleeding].

PMID- 6819182
TI  - Increased plasma levels of thyroid hormones in a frog Rana ridibunda following
      intravenous administration of TRH.

PMID- 6819181
TI  - Hormone stimulable adenylyl cyclase system in the granulosa cells of the domestic
      hen (Gallus domesticus).

PMID- 6819183
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity of avian granulosa: effect of gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone.

PMID- 6819184
TI  - Melatonin suppression of postcastration serum luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone responses in the male mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus.

PMID- 6819185
TI  - Predictions of response to artificial selection from new mutations.

PMID- 6819186
TI  - [Various aspects of the harmful effect of carbamate insecticides].

PMID- 6819187
TI  - The origin of serum ferritin in acquired transfusional iron overload in adults.
      Studies with concanavalin A-sepharose absorption.

PMID- 6819189
TI  - Circadian rhythms of circulating blood cells in elderly persons.

PMID- 6819188
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity of beta thalassemia in western Sicily.

PMID- 6819190
TI  - Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6819191
TI  - "Overshoot" phenomenon in circulating granulocytic progenitor cell growth during
      remission of blast crisis in a case of CML.

PMID- 6819192
TI  - Chronic viral hepatitis in patients with beta-thalassaemia minor.

PMID- 6819193
TI  - Plasma-exchange and in vivo immunoabsorption of isohemagglutinins in bone marrow
      transplantation across major ABO barrier.

PMID- 6819194
TI  - [Clinical staging of chronic lymphatic leukemia: review of the literature and new
      proposal].

PMID- 6819195
TI  - Erythroleukemia in early childhood associated with monosomy 7 and defective
      neutrophil chemotaxis.

PMID- 6819196
TI  - [Aplastic anemia following hepatitis. Description of a case].

PMID- 6819197
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia. Report of a case with
      pure red cell aplasia.

PMID- 6819198
TI  - [Plasma prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) in hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 6819199
TI  - Reversible bone-marrow suppression primarily involving granulopoiesis following
      the use of Ticlopidine.

PMID- 6819200
TI  - Abnormal megakaryocyte regeneration following chemotherapy for acute myelogenous
      leukemia.

PMID- 6819201
TI  - Effect of a thymic extract (Tp-I) in a case of angio-immunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (A.I.L.)

PMID- 6819202
TI  - Lithium and acute myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 6819203
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia and emergency splenectomy].

PMID- 6819204
TI  - Alpha 2-antiplasmin in stroke.

PMID- 6819205
TI  - Correlation between cytochemical and immunological markers of CLL.

PMID- 6819206
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 6819207
TI  - Lymphoscintigraphy-echotomography: combined use in abdominal lymphoma evaluation.

PMID- 6819208
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis: a contemporary assessment.
AB  - The current status of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis is reviewed with respect to:
      (i) epidemiology and incidence of posttransfusion and sporadic NANB hepatitis;
      (ii) experimental transmission of NANB hepatitis; (iii) serologic tests and the
      evidence for virus-like NANB agents; (iv) clinical features of NANB hepatitis as
      compared to hepatitis B; (v) indication and impact of therapeutic and preventive
      measures against NANB hepatitis. Without specific markers for NANB infection, non
      A, non-B hepatitis continues to be a diagnosis by exclusion of infection with
      hepatitis A, hepatitis B or other viruses. Recent observations suggest that NANB
      hepatitis may in fact be caused by a group of viruses immunologically different
      from but genetically similar to the hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 6819210
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a minirespirator by capnography].

PMID- 6819209
TI  - [Prognostic factors in hepatic encephalopathy].

PMID- 6819211
TI  - [Hemodialysis in Burton's disease].

PMID- 6819212
TI  - [The treatment of renal colic by intramuscular diclofenac sodium].

PMID- 6819213
TI  - [Heart-lung transplantation in humans].

PMID- 6819215
TI  - Effectiveness of methods used for the detection of sarcosporidiosis in farm
      animals.
AB  - Trypsinization and stereoscopy were found to be the most suitable methods for the
      detection of sarcosporidiosis in farm animals. Sarcocystis cruzi, S. hirsuta and
      S. hominis were detected in 87% of 200 cattle and S. ovicanis and S. tenella in
      92% of 100 sheep examined. The examinations of 200 pigs were negative.

PMID- 6819214
TI  - Discharge planning and decision making.
AB  - Current advances in discharge planning have focused on comprehensive assessment,
      levels of care, and reducing the length of hospital stays. However, evidence also
      indicates the importance of involving patients and their families in making
      decisions about long-term care. This article identifies nine factors related to
      the patients' involvement in decision making.

PMID- 6819216
TI  - An investigation of the genetic toxicology of irradiated foodstuffs using short
      term test systems. III--In vivo tests in small rodents and in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Six in vivo genetic toxicity tests were carried out on irradiated or unirradiated
      cooked chicken, dried dates and cooked fish. The tests were as follows: sex
      linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster (dried dates only),
      chromosome aberrations in bone marrow of Chinese hamsters, micronucleus test in
      rats, mice and Chinese hamsters, sister-chromatid exchange in bone marrow of mice
      and Chinese hamsters and in spermatogonia of mice, and DNA metabolism in spleen
      cells of Chinese hamsters. None of the tests provided any evidence of genetic
      toxicity induced by irradiation. However, dried dates, whether irradiated or not,
      showed evidence of some genetic toxicity in their effect on DNA metabolism in
      spleen cells and SCE induction in bone marrow. Feeding irradiated fish affected
      DNA metabolism in the spleen cells of Chinese hamsters. This effect could be
      interpreted as an induction of an immunoactive compound, although it could also
      be explained by the persistence of an immunoactive compound due to the removal by
      irradiation of spoilage organisms that would normally degrade it.

PMID- 6819217
TI  - Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity by thiols.
AB  - The mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 to Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 decreased
      rapidly upon exposure of aflatoxin B1 to various thiols in aqueous solution.
      Mutagenic activity was reduced to control values within 24 hr with N-acetyl-L
      cysteine (NAC), N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG), mercaptoethanol, reduced
      glutathione or mercaptopropionic acid at pH values near 4. Mercaptoacetic acid,
      mercaptosuccinic acid, cysteine, acetyl-D,L-homocysteine thiolactone, cysteine
      methyl ester, D-penicillamine and beta-mercaptoethylamine were less effective.
      Relatively high thiol concentrations (greater than or equal to 0 . 25 M) were
      required to achieve complete inactivation within 24 hr with the thiols tested.
      The inactivation rate was strongly dependent on thiol concentration and pH, but
      was relatively independent of the aflatoxin concentration under the conditions
      examined. With MPG and NAC reaction rates were much slower at neutral pH values
      than at pH's between 3 and 4. HPLC and thin-layer chromatographic examination of
      aflatoxin B1 solutions partially inactivated with NAC revealed the formation of a
      new product at a rate that correlated with the disappearance of aflatoxin B1 and
      the loss of mutagenic activity. This reaction product has not yet been
      identified, but the evidence suggests that it is the product of an addition of
      the thiol at the difuran region of the aflatoxin.

PMID- 6819218
TI  - Mutagenic effects of irradiated glucose in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The mutagenic effects of irradiated glucose were studied using the sex-linked
      recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. Oregon K males of D.
      melanogaster reared on a medium containing 20 or 40% glucose irradiated with a
      dose of 0.02, 0.10, 0.20, 2 or 5 Mrad gamma-rays were scored for the induction of
      sex-linked recessive lethals. The results showed no significant increase in the
      frequency of X-lethals in Drosophila at any of the dose levels.

PMID- 6819219
TI  - [Prospective studies on epilepsy therapy with carbamazepine].

PMID- 6819220
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis mimicking large bile duct
      obstruction.
AB  - The authors present a case of cholestatic jaundice which developed during total
      parenteral nutrition. The histology of the liver mimicked the picture of large
      bile duct obstruction. However, there was no duct obstruction and the symptoms
      regressed after the caloric input was reduced. At postmortem examination, the
      portal inflammatory infiltrate had cleared and was replaced by fibrosis.
      Alterations in bile chemistry could be responsible for the similarity between the
      lesions induced by parenteral feeding and those classically described in large
      bile duct obstruction.

PMID- 6819221
TI  - Distribution of physiological adult lactase phenotypes, lactose absorber and
      malabsorber, in Germany.
AB  - A total of 1805 apparently healthy, adult and adolescent Germans (1572 males and
      233 females with a mean age of 20.3 years) were examined for lactose absorption
      capacity employing a field version of the breath hydrogen (H2) test. The
      diagnostic parameter, maximal change of breath hydrogen concentration 120 or 150
      min after a load of 50 g lactose, showed a bimodal distribution, separating
      lactose absorbers (n = 1537, 85.2%) and lactose malabsorbers (n = 268, 14.8%).
      The distribution of the adult lactase phenotypes was independent of age, sex, and
      educational status. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms after lactose
      administration demonstrated the incongruity of lactose malabsorption and lactose
      intolerance. In addition to grouping by residence, the probands were classified
      according to the birthplaces of their grandparents in order to reconstruct the
      distribution pattern of the lactase phenotypes prior to World War I, a period of
      relative population stability. Considerable differences in the frequency of
      lactose malabsorption were found in regions corresponding to traditional ethnic
      groups within the German population: northwest Germany 6-9%, west and south 13
      14%, southwest 23%, east (including formerly German territories east of rivers
      Oder and Neisse) 22%. These differences are discussed with reference to
      population history. The present fairly even distribution of the lactase
      phenotypes in West Germany is the result of internal migrations at the end of
      World War II.

PMID- 6819222
TI  - Distribution of human adult lactase phenotypes in the population of Austria.
AB  - A total of 528 unrelated, apparently healthy, adult and adolescent Austrians (270
      females, 258 males, mean age 22.1 years) were examined for lactose absorption
      capacity employing a noninvasive field test based on breath hydrogen (H2)
      determination. Subjects exhibiting a change of breath hydrogen concentration of
      less than 15 volumes per million (vpm) after a load of 50 g lactose (n = 422)
      were classified as lactose absorbers, 106 probands (20.1%) showing increases of
      breath hydrogen concentration between 16 and 111 vpm were diagnosed as lactose
      malabsorbers. The distribution of the lactase phenotypes was independent of age
      and sex. Intolerance symptoms after lactose administration were significantly
      more frequent in lactose malabsorbers. Grouping of probands according to the
      birth-places of their grandparents revealed significant differences in the
      distribution of the lactase phenotypes in East and West Austria (East 25%, West
      15% lactose malabsorbers). These differences are discussed in the light of the
      population history of these regions.

PMID- 6819223
TI  - Effect of mitomycin C, hydroxylamine & bromodeoxyuridine on cell cycle kinetics &
      sister chromatid exchange frequency of muntjac lymphocytes.

PMID- 6819224
TI  - Immobilization stress induced hyperthermia in rats: possible role of
      noradrenaline.

PMID- 6819225
TI  - Hormonal influence on perch ovarian 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
      in in vitro system.

PMID- 6819226
TI  - Gastric mucosal functions and histology in marasmus.

PMID- 6819227
TI  - Endocrine and protein energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6819228
TI  - Effect of protein energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency on the bones of
      hand and wrist.

PMID- 6819229
TI  - Effect of addition of nicotinic acid to the diet on the rate of weight gain of
      marasmic children.

PMID- 6819231
TI  - [Blood transfusion in surgery. Immunological principles].
AB  - The goals and risks of blood transfusions are listed up. Indications for blood
      transfusions are given. Immunological reactions between donor and recipient are
      discussed. On the basis of our own results of antibody-screening the risk of
      sensitisation is calculated. Two short case-reports demonstrate organizational
      and serological problems in the treatment of antibody-carriers.

PMID- 6819230
TI  - [Urea and potassium losses and changes in amino acid concentration after
      aortocoronary bypass operations].
AB  - Changes in urea nitrogen excretion, renal potassium losses, and changes of amino
      acid concentrations in plasma following aortocoronary bypass operations were
      observed in 10 patients. The observation time included the preoperative day, the
      day of operation, and 4 postoperative days. The patients were treated with a 5%
      glucose solution (800-1000 ml/m2). The additional spontaneous oral intake was
      estimated and reached approximately 600-800 kcal and 25-30 g protein on the 3rd
      and 4th postoperative day. The calculated urea nitrogen loss was between -8.2 g
      (operation day) and -11.2 g (4th postoperative day). The concentrations of serum
      amino acids in plasma were below normal preoperatively. It seems possible that
      this is due to longer preoperative fasting because only patients with normal body
      weight were admitted to operation. The amino acid concentrations fell
      significantly to lower than normal values during the postoperative period. There
      were massive renal losses of potassium of about 140 mEq/day on the day of
      operation and on the 1st postoperative day. High parenteral substitution was
      necessary to avoid severe falls in serum potassium levels and possible cardiac
      arrythmias.

PMID- 6819232
TI  - [Effect of lipid infusions on triglyceride and protein metabolism].
AB  - In metabolically healthy volunteers we investigated the influence of long and
      medium chained triglycerides on the kinetic of the free fatty acids in blood and
      on protein metabolism. During a three hour infusion of lipid emulsion (infusion
      rate 120 mg/kg BW X h) consisting of 50% medium and 50% long chained
      triglycerides we observed a significant increase of the concentrations of the
      medium chained free fatty acids (caprylic and capric acid), which decreased down
      to basic values with a half life of 30 minutes immediately after the infusion
      period. The total concentration of free fatty acids was higher during the
      infusion of a MCT/LCT mixture than during the infusion of pure LCT. Glucose
      infused simultaneously reduced the metabolism of the free fatty acids. MCT
      induced higher ketonemia and ketonuria than LCT, the ketogenesis could be
      suppressed by additional glucose. Compared to the glycerol control infusion the
      total nitrogen excretion was reduced under lipid infusion. Beside the lower
      excretion of Glu + Gln and Ala the excretion of 3-methylhistidine was reduced,
      which indicates a decreased on muscle protein turnover as referred to increased
      free fatty acids and the ketone body concentrations respectively.

PMID- 6819233
TI  - [Serum apolipoproteins and lipids in severe injury as influenced by nutrition. A
      pilot study].
AB  - In 10 patients with polytrauma and 2 patients with sepsis a relation of the
      severity of trauma and the change of lipoproteins has been found. Cholesterol and
      triglycerides as well as apolipoproteins A-I and B decrease significantly in the
      first days after the injury. During the following rise of cholesterol and
      triglycerides apolipoprotein A-I increases also to a concentration of lower
      normal range; apolipoprotein B remains lowered. Apolipoprotein C-III2 is
      determined in 3 patients and is increased. The concentration of apolipoprotein A
      I decreases in three of five patients, who had parenteral fat administration.
      Apolipoprotein B increases during fat administration. The following fat free
      parenteral nutrition causes a decrease of apolipoprotein B again. The composition
      of lipoproteins is similarly changed in 2 patients with sepsis. The
      apolipoproteins as well as the lipids decrease more in patients who died later
      than in the case of reconvalescence, in which the increase of concentrations of
      lipids and apolipoprotein B may be accelerated with parenteral nutrition.
      Apolipoprotein A-I reacts variably, A-II is lowered.

PMID- 6819234
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in man. I. Plasma androgen
      and gonadotrophin levels in normal adult men after percutaneous administration of
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - The distribution of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the blood following
      application of a solution of this androgen to the skin in a hydro-alcoholic gel
      was studied in order to evaluate the adequacy of the percutaneous route in
      correcting androgen deficiencies. In 14 adult men, daily percutaneous
      administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 mg in 5 g gel) increases, on
      the average, 4 to 5 times its initial concentration in plasma. On the 14th day of
      treatment, repeated evaluations of plasma 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, between 2
      and 21 h after final administration of gel, demonstrated the stability of diurnal
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels and showed the regular distribution of the
      steroid from a presumably cutaneous reservoir. Plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha,17 beta-diol levels evolve parallel to those of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone. Plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone, on the
      contrary, decrease considerably. No variation of follicle-stimulating-hormone is
      observed during treatment. The percutaneous absorption represents an interesting
      method for administration of a natural androgen in men, particularly because one
      avoids the deleterious effects of supra-physiological levels in the liver
      achieved with oral administration.

PMID- 6819235
TI  - Effect of an LHRH analogue on testicular function in the immature monkey (Macaca
      mulatta).
AB  - Response of the immature monkey testis to an LHRH analogue, D-Ser-(TBu)6-EA10
      LHRH, has been assessed by measuring testicular androgen production in the
      immature rhesus monkey. Administration of the analogue (2.5 micrograms X 2 daily)
      for 5 days induced a significant increase in testicular testosterone compared
      with untreated animals. The response of the control and the LHRH-agonist treated
      monkey testis to gonadotrophin (hCG) was assessed by in vitro androgen
      production. Whereas the testicular tissue from LHRH analogue primed monkeys
      responded to in vitro stimulation of hCG, no significant increase in androgen
      production was observed when testicular tissue from untreated animals was
      incubated with the gonadotrophin. The present data suggest a functional
      differentiation of the immature monkey testis following the LHRH analogue
      treatment.

PMID- 6819236
TI  - Suppression of pituitary and testicular function in rats by a transplanted
      adrenocortical carcinoma.
AB  - Snell adrenocortical carcinoma was transplanted into immature 4-week-old male
      rats, and the animals were sacrificed 3 weeks afterward for study of
      adenohypophyseal and testicular function. The weight of the tumour was 11 +/- 5
      g; plasma corticosterone levels were elevated and plasma progesterone levels were
      massively increased compared to those in rats with no tumours. The weights of the
      adrenals, testes and androgen-dependent accessory reproductive glands were
      significantly decreased, as was the diameter of seminiferous tubules. The
      concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH in the plasma were significantly
      reduced, whereas the levels of Prl and oestradiol were not affected. We suggest
      that steroid products of the transplanted tumour suppressed release of
      gonadotrophins from the pituitary, leading to a severe reduction of testosterone
      synthesis in the testes.

PMID- 6819237
TI  - Effect of preweaning undernutrition on testicular development in male mice.
AB  - Testicular development was evaluated in male mice subjected to undernutrition
      from birth to weaning (20 days) by separating pups from their mothers. Underfed
      and normally fed animals were sacrificed every 10 days from 20 to 60 days. From
      20 to 60 days, body and testes weights were significantly lower in underfed
      males. In undernourished males, the establishment of spermatogenesis and the
      appearance of mature Leydig cells were delayed. The maximal production of
      testosterone by the testis of underfed males occurred later and was 50% lower
      than that of controls. The data shows that despite the hypoandrogenic state
      induced by undernutrition, puberty occurred and spermatogenesis was preserved.

PMID- 6819240
TI  - Interrelationships between blood pressure, blood gases and plasma acetate
      concentrations during conventional hemodialysis.
AB  - To determine to what extent the intradialysis changes in blood pressure (BP) are
      related to the variations in blood gases and plasma acetate concentrations
      (plAc), 11 dialysed uremics were studied with measurement of plAc,pH, pCO2 and
      pO2 every 60' during a hemodialysis lasting 4 hrs. Dialysis resulted in
      significant decreases in the BP, pO2 and pCO2 and in significant increases in pH
      and plAc. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the delta % for the mean
      BP was closely related to plAc, pCO2 and delta-% of body weight (BW). Partial
      regression coefficient indicated the following rank order of correlation: plAc
      greater than pCO2 greater than or equal to delta-% BW greater than pO2 = O, thus
      demonstrating that the fall in blood pressure is related both to the increase in
      plAc and the decrease in pCO2. The physiological relevance of these relationships
      is discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that the pCO2 decrease during dialysis
      might contribute to the acetate-induced vascular instability.

PMID- 6819239
TI  - Medical radiation dosimetry.
AB  - Current dose measuring practices in the diagnostic and therapeutic use of
      radiation are reviewed. Radiation doses typically received by patients from
      diagnostic X-ray studies, including mammography and computerized axial
      tomography, are presented. Modern-day radiation therapy, both with conventional
      photons and with electrons and high-LET particles, emphasizes the need for
      accurate dosimetry. The different methods of beam calibration and dosimetry
      intercomparisons for the variety of radiation beams are discussed. Results of
      several important dosimetry intercomparisons are also presented.

PMID- 6819238
TI  - A system for electron therapy dosimetry surveys with thermoluminescence
      dosimeters.
AB  - Radiation-therapy dosimetry surveys employing thermoluminescence dosimeters
      (TLDs) are now being considered for high-energy electron beams. Using a system of
      individually calibrated pressed LiF TLDs in a water and a polystyrene phantom, we
      established that the distortions of depth-dose distributions in non-conducting
      materials previously observed at high absorbed doses and high dose rates were not
      detectable in the present geometry at doses and dose rates as much as 40 times
      higher than those employed in radiation therapy. The system was then used to
      measure TLD response in water and in polystyrene in the nominal electron-energy
      range from 7 to 18 MeV. In the water phantom, the well-known trend for TLD
      response to decrease with increasing electron energy was observed. In the
      polystyrene phantom, TLD response was found to be independent of electron energy.

PMID- 6819242
TI  - Changes in optical path difference in the oesophageal region and the excretory
      cells during exsheathment in Haemonchus contortus.

PMID- 6819241
TI  - Paradoxical anti-leukemic effects of plant-derived tumor promoters on a human
      thymic lymphoblast cell line.
AB  - Three different diterpen polyols and the teleocidin have antileukemic effects on
      the human thymic leukemia cell line HPB-ALL by inducing phenotypic
      differentiation. We tested TPA (phorbol esters), mezerein (daphnane), milliamin
      (ingenol ester) and teleocidin B (teleocidins) as representative of the chemical
      structure of each principle and found that these agents have the similar
      biological activity of inducing phenotypic differentiation in HPB-ALL cells.
      Moreover, competitive binding of [3H]PDB to cell-surface receptors was
      significantly inhibited by these agents; n-butyrate and phorbol per se did not
      inhibit the binding of [3H]PDB. Despite differences in the structure of the
      principles, these agents may have similarly acting side-chain structures.

PMID- 6819243
TI  - Responses of cells to radiation sensitizers: methods of analysis.
AB  - Several well-known transforms of the widely-used Michaelis-Menten function
      linearize the kinetics of many competition reactions such as enzymatic processes.
      These transforms allow easy and accurate evaluation of the mathematical constants
      of the system, as well as giving clues to the various mechanisms involved in
      these competitions. In this paper these linearization techniques are applied to
      several sets of data from several authors that describe the radiation sensitivity
      determined by varied concentrations of two sensitizers--O2 and misonidazole. It
      is shown that, when the increment in sensitivity determined at the various
      concentrations of sensitizer is used as the dependent variable, straight lines
      are obtained from various sets of data when either the so-called Lineweaver-Burk
      or the Eadie-Hofstee transform is used. The E-H transform results in a better
      distribution of data points and, accordingly, is preferred. The transform allows
      recognition of two oxygen-dependent processes (one at low [O2] and one at high
      [O2]) in data apparently demonstrating but one; and, as well, two processes
      determined at two levels of misonidazole from data that appeared to describe one.
      These results support the evidence given earlier for two oxygen effects in other
      cells. Also, the transform reveals that in different cell systems two inhibitors
      of the oxygen effect appear to act in the same manner on one oxygen effect and in
      a different way on the other. In discussion the value of the transform in
      analysing mechanisms of sensitization is examined, and its further potential use
      in understanding the action of chemical protective agents is pointed out.

PMID- 6819244
TI  - Hypophosphatemic respiratory failure complicating total parenteral nutrition: a
      potentially lethal iatrogenic hazard.

PMID- 6819245
TI  - Parlodel treatment of patients with pathospermia.
AB  - The response to bromoergocryptine (Parlodel, Sandoz) was examined in 42
      pathospermic patients. The authors conclude that Parlodel did not influence the
      spermiogram considerably. Serum prolactin levels were lowered significantly,
      while the FSH, LH, testosterone, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-beta
      oestradiol concentrations did not change. Improvement was reported in potentia
      coeundi in one third of the patients.

PMID- 6819246
TI  - [What is safe in the treatment of esophageal varices?].

PMID- 6819247
TI  - [What is safe in antithrombotic therapy after acute myocardial infarct?].

PMID- 6819248
TI  - Acute appendicitis: are any investigations cost effective?

PMID- 6819249
TI  - Stuporous states or coma induced by the rapid administration of high doses of
      sodium valproate.
AB  - 7 cases of stuporous states or coma induced in epileptic subjects by the rapid
      administration of high doses of sodium valproate are described. Progressive
      impairment of consciousness began 2 to 7 days after the administration of sodium
      valproate and induced a slowing of background EEG activity until the delta
      activity became of high amplitude, generalized, continuous and areactive. The
      authors believe that the impairment of consciousness in their patients was
      related to the rapid administration of high doses and a direct intrinsic action
      of sodium valproate on the brain, as no increase in plasma levels of the drugs in
      association with valproate was observed.

PMID- 6819250
TI  - Comparison of the effectiveness of several formulations of sodium valproate:
      tablets, enteric-coated capsules, solutions and rectal capsules.
AB  - The effects of an oral enteric-coated preparation (VAL 579 capsules) of sodium
      valproate (VPA) were compared with those of conventional oral and rectal
      preparations in 24 epileptic patients. Enteric-coated capsules are useful for
      avoiding gastric intolerance to VPA. Plasma VPA level peaks after the enteric-
      coated form were later than after other forms. The bioavailability appeared to be
      the same for all the forms.

PMID- 6819251
TI  - Neurophysiological studies in GM1, gangliosidosis.
AB  - Neurophysiological studies (EEG, ERG, VEP) have been carried out on 8 children
      with proven GM1 gangliosidosis (3 of Type I and 5 of Type II). All the EEGs were
      abnormal showing an increasing amount of irregular slow activity as the disease
      progressed. Around 2 to 3 years of age, Type II patients often showed a
      fluctuating 4-5 c/s rhythmic activity especially prominent in the temporal
      regions. Paroxysmal activity was not a conspicuous feature in any of the
      patients. The ERG was normal in all cases but the VEP was variably altered. The
      EEG/ERG/VEP findings in GM1 gangliosidosis differ from those seen in most other
      neurometabolic disorders of childhood.

PMID- 6819252
TI  - Murine immunosuppression with mycoviral dsRNA.
AB  - The effect of three different size molecular weight species of mycoviral dsRNA on
      the immune response to sRBC was tested in C57Bl/6 mice. The various dsRNA species
      were extracted from electrophoresis polyacrylamide-agarose slab gels. Their
      molecular weights ranged from 1.0 x 10(6) daltons to 3.5 x 10(6) daltons. All
      three sizes of mycoviral dsRNA significantly (p less than 0.0001) suppressed the
      hemolytic antibody titer of mice 8 days after immunizations with 15 micrograms
      dsRNA/mouse and 10(8) sRBC when compared to control mice which received only
      sRBC. No immune suppression was observed in any of the mice challenged with a
      second sRBC immunization 60 days after the first inoculations. Hemagglutination
      titers at this time were typical of a secondary antibody response to sRBC. In
      conclusion these three molecular weight mycoviral dsRNA species appeared to be
      potent immunosuppressors when approximately 15 micrograms/mouse were used.

PMID- 6819255
TI  - [Senear-Usher syndrome: acquired hemophilia caused by the occurrence of a factor
      VIII inhibitor].
AB  - A 25-year-old woman who had suffered from pemphigus for 2 years developed
      widespread, scalded skin-like lesions after stopping an immunosuppressive
      treatment. Histological and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the diagnosis of
      pemphigus erythematosus. Apart from IgG pemphigus antibodies, granular deposits
      for IgM at the dermoepidermal junction and circulating antinuclear IgM-antibodies
      could be detected. Despite of restarting an immunosuppressive regime, the patient
      developed severe hemophilia due to the occurrence of a factor VIII antiglobulin.
      Its possible immunopathologic basis is discussed.

PMID- 6819254
TI  - Prison hunger strikes: why the motive matters.

PMID- 6819253
TI  - In vitro effects of cyclosporin A (CSA) on human hemopoietic cell lines.
AB  - The sensitivity of 18 permanent hemopoietic cell lines to Cyclosporin A (CsA) was
      tested in a 3H-thymidine incorporation rate assay. Two human T cell lines (Molt4
      and CEM) were significantly inhibited by a CsA concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml.
      Not affected at all or only inhibited by 10 to 20 times higher CsA concentrations
      were: three human B cell lines (4413a, Daudi, Raji), a monkey B cell line (B95
      8), a mouse plasmocytoma line (X63-Ag8/653), a human non-B T cell line (Reh),
      four human myeloid lines (HL-60, ML-1, ML-2, ML-3), a human myelomonocytic line
      (Karpas 230), four human monoblastic lines (U 937, SU-DHL-1, THP-1, Karpas 241)
      and a human erythroid line (K 562). It therefore seems that among permanently
      growing hemopoietic cells a cell type specificity for T cells also exists.

PMID- 6819256
TI  - Regulation of hemoglobin function and whole blood oxygen affinity by carbon
      dioxide and pH in the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green sea turtle (Chelonia
      mydas mydas).
AB  - The oxygen affinity of suspensions of erythrocytes from juvenile and adult
      loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green sea (Chelonia mydas mydas) turtles
      decreased markedly with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (0 to near
      15%) or hydrogen ion (pH 7.6 to pH 7.2). The P50's were higher with increases in
      pCO2, particularly at pH near 7.4, than were the P50's with increases in hydrogen
      ion concentration at any given CO2 concentration. Solutions of hemoglobins from
      the juvenile loggerhead (8-9 mos.) and green sea (10 mos.) turtles responded to
      2, 3-DPG, ATP, or inositol-P5 when added at molar ratios of phosphate to
      hemoglobin of 4:1 and 20:1 in 0% and 6.29% CO2 but showed no decrease in oxygen
      affinity at these two CO2 levels in the green turtle when the molar ratio of
      phosphate to hemoglobin was 0.4. These compounds had little effect on the P50 of
      these hemoglobins in 14.6% CO2. The P50 of the adult loggerhead turtle hemoglobin
      did not increase in the presence of organic phosphates beyond the effect induced
      by CO2 alone. The P50 of hemoglobin from the adult green sea turtle increased
      only slightly when the molar ratio of phosphate to hemoglobin was 20:1 and at 0
      and 6% CO2 concentration; little effect was observed at 14.6% CO2. These data
      demonstrate that blood oxygen affinities and hemoglobin function in these two
      species of marine turtles are altered significantly by CO2 and to a lesser degree
      by pH. It is suggested that such alterations may be of significance in vivo
      during prolonged diving when there are dramatic rises in blood pCO2 and [H+] and
      profound decreases in pO2.

PMID- 6819257
TI  - The use of a low-dose LHRH test for the distinction of delayed adolescence and
      isolated gonadotropin deficiency.
AB  - In order to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of a low-dose LHRH test (LHRH HOE
      471, bolus injection of 25 micrograms/m2 i.v.), we have reviewed the data of 30
      boys with delayed growth and insufficient or lacking sexual development around
      the age of puberty, and of 8 boys with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies.
      In 14 out of 22 boys with delayed adolescence, this diagnosis could be
      established on the basis of normal LH and FSH results; in 8 boys who also had a
      delayed but spontaneous pubertal development, gonadotropin response to LHRH was
      inadequate presumably due to a transiently reduced sensitivity of the "pituitary
      gonadotroph"; a second LHRH test carried out 12-32 months later revealed normal
      results. There is some evidence that exogenous or endogenous testosterone is
      important for the maturation of the adult gonadotropin secretion pattern. Eight
      patients with isolated true gonadotropin deficiency and all with idiopathic
      multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies had an insufficient gonadotropin
      response. This study shows that the low-dose LHRH test allows a good distinction
      between benign delayed adolescence and gonadotropin deficiency. False-negative
      results in some boys with delayed adolescence may be due to a decrease of
      pituitary responsiveness which will normalize with time.

PMID- 6819258
TI  - Infantile multiple carboxylase deficiency: evidence for normal intestinal
      absorption but renal loss of biotin.

PMID- 6819259
TI  - Characterization of rat colonic cell surface glycoconjugates by fluoresceinated
      lectins. I. Importance of fixation techniques.
AB  - Cryostat and paraffin embedded sections from cecum, proximal and distal colonic
      segments of male Sherman rats were examined by fluorescence microscopy after
      labeling with six fluorescein-conjugated lectins. These FITC-conjugated lectins
      were used as specific probes to define the labeling pattern of carbohydrate
      containing components of the lumenal and basolateral surfaces of epithelial
      cells, goblet cell mucin and lumenal mucin at all three sites. Marked regional
      differences in labeling were detected, indicating that the various carbohydrate
      components of these cells differ significantly along the length of the colon.
      Furthermore, the patterns of labeling components with each lectin appeared to
      vary depending on the fixation technique employed. Cryostat preparations
      generally resulted in a broader distribution of label and more intense staining
      with these lectins than fixed paraffin sections. While the reason(s) for these
      variations remain unclear at this time and will require further studies, the
      present data emphasize the importance of the fixation method when interpreting
      results obtained utilizing FITC-conjugated lectins.

PMID- 6819262
TI  - Particle accelerators in radiation therapy. Proceedings of the CROS/RTOG Part III
      International Workshop. Houston, Texas. February 10-11, 1982.

PMID- 6819260
TI  - Polyamine cytochemistry. Use of a novel o-phtalaldehyde method for visualizing
      spermidine and spermine. Comparisons to the formaldehyde-fluorescamine method.
AB  - o-Phtalaldehyde (OPT) reacts with a number of biologically important molecules,
      including the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. By systematically varying
      reaction conditions with respect to temperature, pH, concentration and length of
      exposure to the reagent, using both model systems and tissues, we have succeeded
      in constructing a cytochemical OPT-method specific for spermidine and spermine.
      The method detects cell types known to contain these polyamines, including
      growing and neoplastic cells. The staining pattern obtained with the OPT method
      is identical to that obtained with the formaldehyde-fluorescamine (FF) technique
      recently shown to be specific for spermidine and spermine. In contrast to the FF
      technique, the OPT method can be used for staining suspensions of isolated cells
      and may hence be employed in studies using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
      (FACS). Preliminary such studies show a pronounced decrease in cellular OPT
      induced fluorescence, paralleled by a decrease in content of polyamines, after
      treatment with the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (alpha DFMO). In contrast, cells simultaneously treated with alpha DFMO +
      spermidine show pronounced increases in their spermidine content and parallel
      increases in their OPT-induced fluorescence. Availability of methods selectively
      demonstrating polyamines at the cellular and subcellular level is expected to aid
      our understanding of polyamine functions in normal growth and cancer.

PMID- 6819263
TI  - Particles in radiation therapy--Part III.

PMID- 6819264
TI  - New neutron sources.
AB  - This paper describes the latest developments in neutron sources developed for
      fast neutron therapy. Two approaches have been taken using cyclotrons and D-T
      generators. For cyclotrons the proton on beryllium reaction is now preferred
      since smaller cyclotrons for a given neutron penetration can be used.
      Optimization of target thickness and filtration is necessary to obtain maximum
      beam penetration. D-T generators have been developed either as multi-beam
      accelerators or using ultrapure techniques to obtain maximum neutron output.

PMID- 6819261
TI  - An immunoperoxidase technique for demonstrating antilymphocytic globulin on cell
      surfaces.

PMID- 6819265
TI  - Accuracy and precision of absorbed dose measurements for neutron therapy.
AB  - The occurrence of normal tissue complications and probability of tumor control
      are steep functions of absorbed dose. Consequently the delivery of the dose to
      the patient should be performed with a precision better than +/- 2% and an
      overall uncertainty less than +/- 5%. The sequence of dosimetry procedures to
      deliver the absorbed dose to the patient is analyzed with emphasis on the
      physical parameters involved in neutron dosimetry; the results of neutron
      dosimetry intercomparisons are summarized. The protocols for neutron dosimetry
      formulated by European and American physicists differ in a number of aspects,
      including the choice of the phantom material. For the treatment of a specific
      lesion, e.g., a tumor of the floor of the mouth, different treatment plannings
      have been suggested. Regarding the determination of total absorbed dose at a
      reference point in a phantom, the required overall uncertainty can be achieved
      for neutron energies up to 20 MeV. Because of differences in size, shape and
      composition between the phantom and the patient, somewhat larger uncertainties
      are to be anticipated for the actual treatment. Further experimental and
      theoretical studies are needed to obtain more reliable values for kerma in
      different elements and neutron sensitivity of the photon dosimeters for neutron
      energies in excess of 20 MeV.

PMID- 6819266
TI  - Practical problems in neutron dosimetry.
AB  - The first problem discussed is the best phantom material. It is argued that
      tissue composition has a greater effect on dose distributions from photons than
      on those from neutrons. As water is normally used for photons, it should be
      satisfactory for neutrons, but checks are needed with high-energy neutron beams.
      Another serious problem is that of kerma ratios for neutrons above 20 MeV where
      highly discordant values have been calculated by several authors. Finally some
      suggestions are made about measurement of the gamma-ray component in beams of
      high-energy neutrons.

PMID- 6819267
TI  - Dosimetry intercomparisons and protocol for heavy charged particle therapy beams.

PMID- 6819268
TI  - Planning treatment with heavy charged particles.

PMID- 6819269
TI  - Biological bases for high RBE values for late effects of neutron irradiation.
AB  - The late effects of fractionated irradiation with neutrons have been relatively
      more severe than after x-irradiation. Reasons for the RBEn/x being higher for
      late than for acute effects may include: (1) Late effects are reduced more by
      fractionation of X ray doses than are acute effects, whereas, with neutrons, the
      fractionation response is the same in rapidly-and slowly-responding tissues; (2)
      Late-responding tissues are less "sensitized" (and are, therefore, relatively
      protected) by redistribution throughout the division cycle during a fractionated
      regimen than are acutely-responding tissues: since neutron responses are less
      affected by cell-cycle distribution than are X ray responses, the relative
      protection of slowly-responding tissues is less; (3) The target cells for late,
      but not acute injury, may repair potentially lethal damage after X ray, but not
      after neutron exposure. Thus, the dissociation of RBE values for acute and late
      injury reflects mainly the dissociation between acute and late responses to
      conventional fractionated X ray regimens and, from the point of view of
      complications of radiotherapy, we should not condemn neutrons but praise X rays.
      Since fractionation of neutron doses into increments equivalent to those used in
      X ray therapy does not provide a preferential sparing of slowly-responding
      tissues, it is reasonable to shorten the overall duration of neutron treatment to
      deliver the total dose tolerated by the relevant "late-effects" tissue(s) in the
      shortest time consistent with acceptable acute responses.

PMID- 6819270
TI  - 50-MEVd leads to Be neutrons: a comparison of normal tissue tolerance in animals
      with clinical observations in patients.
AB  - The acute and late effects of 50 MeV neutrons were investigated by irradiating a
      variety of organ systems in large animals using dosage schedules similar to those
      that have been employed clinically. The RBEs for acute effects in pig skin and
      rhesus monkey oral mucosa were significantly less than the RBEs for late effects.
      This observation has also been noticed clinically. The RBEs for late effects in
      pig skin, rhesus monkey oral mucosa, and rhesus monkey kidney were consistent
      with values of 3.1 to 3.4 relative to approximately 200 rad 60Co fractions and
      approximately 2.2 to 2.6 relative to approximately 400 rad 60Co fractions. The
      RBE for radiation myelitis was significantly greater (4.2 to 4.6 relative to
      approximately 270 rad 60Co fractions). The tolerance doses for 50 MeVd leads to
      Be neutrons in large animals were approximately 2200 radn gamma/61/2 weeks for
      skin contraction, approximately 2100 radn gamma/61/2 weeks for oromucosal
      necrosis, approximately 1300 radn gamma/41/2 weeks for radiation myelitis, and
      approximately 960 radn gamma/4 weeks for radiation nephritis. These values
      correlate well with clinical observations at TAMVEC, since the majority of soft
      tissue complications in patients occurred following tissue doses in excess of
      2100 radn gamma.

PMID- 6819272
TI  - In vivo radiobiology of heavy ions.
AB  - The radiobiology of heavy charged particles has been investigated with various
      animal systems in vivo at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory using the helium beam
      from the 184" synchrocyclotron and the carbon, neon, and argon beams from the
      BEVALAC. Tumor experiments were carried out using the R1 sarcoma in rats and the
      EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma, comparing X rays, carbon ions, neon ions, and argon
      ions. In vivo normal tissue experiments have been carried out with a wide range
      of tissues including testis, bone marrow, intestinal crypt cells, lens of the
      eye, esophagus, lung, and the spinal cord. The induction of dominant lethal
      mutations after irradiation of the testis was assayed by in vitro embryo culture
      after in vivo irradiation. Experiments were also done with the Harderian gland
      tumor induction system.

PMID- 6819271
TI  - Molecular and cellular radiobiology of heavy ions.
AB  - Quantitative studies at the BEVALAC have demonstrated some of the physical and
      radiobiological factors that promise to make accelerated heavy ions important for
      the therapy of cancer. The measured physical dose-biological effect relationships
      allow the safe and effective delivery of therapeutic schedules of heavy ions.
      Among the charged particle beams available, carbon, neon and helium ions in the
      "extended Bragg peak mode" have optimal physical and biological effectiveness for
      delivery of therapy to deep seated tumors. The depth-dose profiles of these beams
      protect intervening and adjacent tissues as well as tissues beyond the range of
      the particles. For the treatment of hypoxic tumors, silicon and argon beams are
      being considered because they significantly depress the radiobiological oxygen
      effect in the region of the extended Bragg ionization peak. The depth
      effectiveness of the argon beam is somewhat limited, however, because of primary
      particle fragmentation. Silicon beams have a depth-dose profile which is
      intermediate between that of neon and argon, and are candidates to become the
      particle of choice for maximizing high LET particle effects. Heavy accelerated
      ions depress enzymatic repair mechanisms, decrease variations of radiosensitivity
      during the cell division cycle, cause greater than expected delays in cell
      division, and decrease the protective effects of neighboring cells in organized
      systems. Near the Bragg peak, enhancement of heavy particle effects are observed
      in split dose schedules. Late and carcinogenic effects are being studied. With
      the newly developed Repair-Misrepair theory we can quantitatively model most
      observations.

PMID- 6819273
TI  - Results of neutron therapy: differences, correlations and improvements.

PMID- 6819274
TI  - The European experience in neutron therapy at the end of 1981.
AB  - We present here a survey of the European neutron therapy facilities. For head and
      neck tumors, the excellent results reported from Hammersmith were not confirmed
      by an EORTC combined trial (Amsterdam, Edinburgh and Essen). For salivary glands,
      high percentages (75%) of local control were obtained in Hammersmith and in
      Amsterdam, as well as in other centers. Following the promising results reported
      from Hammersmith, neutron therapy of soft tissue sarcomas was started in several
      centers. For patients with no clinical evidence of residual tumor after surgery,
      a local control rate ranging between 70% and 90% was achieved (Essen, Hamburg,
      Heidelberg, Louvain-la-Neuve). For patients with "gross" residual tumor, or with
      inoperable tumors, the percentages of local control vary within large limits (20
      75%) from center to center, probably according to differences in histology, tumor
      localization, tumor size or extention, and perhaps fractionation (Hammersmith,
      Edinburg, Amsterdam, Essen, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Louvain-la-Neuve). A study on
      bronchus carcinoma, performed in Heidelberg, did not show any benefit with
      neutron therapy. Patients with locally extended cervix and prostate carcinoma
      were treated in Louvain-la-Neuve according to the RTOG protocol; an excellent
      early tolerance was noticed. However, for both sites, it is too early to derive
      valid long term conclusions. For prostatic tumors, a complete regression is
      usually achieved. For bladder carcinoma, the results from Manchester did not
      indicate a significant difference between neutron and photon therapy, both in
      initial assessment of results and complications. The Amsterdam group came to
      similar conclusions.

PMID- 6819275
TI  - The Edinburgh experience of fast neutron therapy.

PMID- 6819276
TI  - Results of d + T fast neutron irradiation on advanced tumors of bladder and
      rectum.
AB  - From November, 1975 to November, 1981, around 400 patients were irradiated with
      14 MeV d + T fast neutrons at the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital in Amsterdam.
      Special interest was focused on inoperable tumors of bladder and rectum. During
      the pilot phase of the study 47 patients were treated, mostly via two parallel
      opposed ports with dosages that ranged from 18 to more than 22 Gy. Although
      persistent local control was achieved in 23 patients (48%), 14 patients (29%)
      died of severe complications. By the introduction of a six field technique, the
      fatal complication rate could be reduced significantly. Since May 1978 patients
      were randomized in a three arm trial, using two dose levels on the neutron site.
      The preliminary results of a group of 91 patients show a similar survival in the
      three treatment arms with a somewhat better local control rate for high dose
      neutrons. An attempt was made to estimate RBE values for tumor control and normal
      tissue reactions by comparing the data for neutron irradiation with the data
      obtained with photons on a similar group of patients. From the values derived it
      must be concluded that the gain for neutron irradiation on these tumors in the
      pelvis will be negligible.

PMID- 6819277
TI  - Absence of a demonstrable gain factor for neutron beam therapy of epidermoid
      carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - A comparison of normal tissue and tumor responses in patients treated with the
      high energy Fermilab neutron beam and conventional photons (Cobalt and 4 MeV X
      rays), yielded the following parameters. For neutrons the median dose for
      significant radiation injury in the irradiated tissues was 31 (+2) Gy and the
      median dose for local control of the tumor was 26 (+2) Gy. The corresponding
      doses for photons were 90 (+4) Gy for normal tissue injury and 74 (+3) Gy for
      local control of the tumor. These figures show that the therapeutic ratio is
      roughly 1.2 for both neutrons and photons. Similarly, the RBE of neutrons
      relative to photons is about the same for normal tissue tolerance and for tumor
      control. Under these conditions, there is no demonstrable therapeutic gain factor
      for neutrons relative to photons. The overall local control rate was the same for
      both modalities (44%).

PMID- 6819278
TI  - The National Cancer Institute's support for particle beam research.

PMID- 6819279
TI  - Treatment of cancer with heavy charged particles.
AB  - A clinical radiotherapeutic trial using heavy charged particles in the treatment
      of human cancers has accrued over 400 patients since 1975, 378 of whom were
      treated with particles and 28 with low LET photons as control patients. Heavy
      charged particle radiotherapy offers the potential advantages of improved dose
      localization and/or enhanced biologic effect, depending on particle selected for
      treatment. Target sites have included selected head and neck tumors, ocular
      melanomata, malignant gliomata of the brain, carcinoma of the esophagus,
      carcinoma of the stomach, carcinoma of the pancreas, selected juxtaspinal tumors
      and other locally advanced, unresectable tumors. A Phase III prospective clinical
      trial has been started in carcinoma of the pancreas using helium ions. Phase I-II
      studies are underway with heavier particles such as carbon, neon and argon ions
      in order to prepare for prospective Phase III trials. Silicon ions are also under
      consideration for clinical trial. These studies are supported by the United
      States Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 6819280
TI  - The myxovirescins, a family of antibiotics from Myxococcus virescens
      (Myxobacterales).
AB  - The myxobacterium, Myxococcus virescens strain Mx v48 produced a family of at
      least 12 closely related antibiotics, the myxovirescins. At a concentration of 1
      to 5 micrograms/ml, the main component, myxovirescin A, was bactericidal for many
      Gram-negative bacteria, in particular enterobacteria, and at 20 to 50
      micrograms/ml it also inhibited some pseudomonads and Gram-positive bacteria. The
      antibiotics seem to interfere with cell wall synthesis. The molecular formula of
      myxovirescin A was C35H61NO8. It is a new antibiotic.

PMID- 6819281
TI  - UDP-N-methyl-D-glucosamine-phosphate--a possible intermediate of N-methyl-L
      glucosamine moiety of streptomycin.
AB  - The formation of N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin from D-glucosamine
      by Streptomyces griseus was studied. The addition of thymine to the culture
      medium stimulated the formation of streptomycin and the incorporation of D
      glucosamine into N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety. During a study of sugar
      nucleotides in the mycelia, a novel UDP-amino sugar was isolated. The compound
      was formed before the maximum production of streptomycin. It was UDP-N-methyl-D
      glucosamine-phosphate.

PMID- 6819282
TI  - Biosynthesis of the ionophorous antibiotic A23187.

PMID- 6819283
TI  - Effect of dietary Senecio jacobaea and injected Senecio alkaloids and
      monocrotaline on guinea pigs.
AB  - The chronic toxicity of 10% dietary Senecio jacobaea (SJ) in guinea pigs was
      studied during a 365-d feeding trial. The SJ plant contains hepatoxic
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). The chronic lethal dose (LD100) of SJ for guinea
      pigs was 1,264 g/kg initial body weight or 526% of initial body weight with an
      average survival time of 279 d. No mortality was observed in the controls. The
      LD100 and survival time were slightly, but not significantly, increased when 1%
      cysteine was included in the SJ diet. Histopathological examination of liver
      tissue from SJ-intoxicated guinea pigs revealed extensive megalocytosis,
      cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, biliary hyperplasia and periportal
      fibrosis. Centrilobular areas appeared spared from necrotic lesions. The toxicity
      of acutely administered (ip) PA was determined in another experiment. The PA
      monocrotaline was nontoxic to guinea pigs at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg body weight,
      whereas jacobine and mixed SJPA were highly toxic at doses ranging from 100 to
      150 mg/kg body weight. These results indicate that guinea pigs are resistant to
      dietary SJ and vary in response to single ip doses of isolated PA.

PMID- 6819284
TI  - Estrogen secretion and gonadotropin binding by individual bovine follicles during
      estrus.

PMID- 6819285
TI  - Influence of supplemental lighting during increasing daylength on libido and
      reproductive hormones in prepubertal boars.

PMID- 6819286
TI  - The removal of Salmonella enteritidis in activated sludge.

PMID- 6819287
TI  - Numerical classification of Rhodococcus equi and related actinomycetes.

PMID- 6819288
TI  - Assessment of immunofluorescence measurements of individual bacteria in direct
      and indirect assays for Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus spores.

PMID- 6819289
TI  - Lithium treatment of impulsive behavior in children.
AB  - Children who display sporadic unprovoked physical aggression and are refractory
      to usual treatment pose a difficult management problem. A group of 14 such
      children were matched with a control group; behaviors of both groups were
      observed and recorded for 3 months. The experimental group was then maintained on
      high doses of lithium carbonate for 3 months. Behavioral recordings were
      continued during this period and for 3 months after discontinuation of lithium.
      While on lithium, the children showed a substantial reduction in unprovoked
      aggressive outbursts. Because lithium was well tolerated and laboratory and
      clinical examinations did not show any adverse effects, it is suggested that
      lithium may be an important therapeutic agent in the treatment of aggression in
      children.

PMID- 6819290
TI  - Lithium-induced male sexual impairment: two case reports.
AB  - Two cases of male sexual dysfunction associated with lithium therapy for major
      affective disorder, bipolar type I, are reported. One patient received a blind
      placebo substitution, with rapid disappearance of dysfunction. The second patient
      presented similar symptoms, which remitted spontaneously on continued lithium
      therapy. Since lithium is among the most effective and frequently used treatments
      for affective illness, such side effects, previously considered rare, may be
      expected to increase in frequency.

PMID- 6819291
TI  - Purification and properties of chlorophyllase from greened rye seedlings.
AB  - 1. Chlorophyllase [EC 3.1.1.14] was extracted from the acetone-dried powder of
      the chloroplasts of greened rye seedlings with 1% cholate, and purified 870-fold
      with a yield of about 30%. The purification procedure was composed of
      fractionations with acetone and ammonium sulfate, and hydrophobic chromatography
      on a phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B column. 2. The purified enzyme was pure as analyzed
      by molecular-sieve chromatography and isoelectric electrophoresis. It had an
      isoelectric point of 4.5 and a molecular weight of 39,000. 3. The purified enzyme
      was stable at pH 6-9 and 4 degrees C. At pH 7.5, it was stable in the presence
      and absence of 30% acetone. However, at 30 degrees C, it was not stable above a
      10% concentration of acetone. 4. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed chlorophylls a
      and b from spinach into chlorophyllides a and b and phytols, respectively; and
      bacteriochlorophyll a from Rhodospirillum rubrum into bacteriochlorophyllide a
      and a derivative of phytol, possibly all-trans-geranylgeraniol. The hydrolysis
      rates were stimulated to their maxima in the presence of 30% acetone; maximum
      stimulation was about 50% with bacteriochlorophyll a and about 400% with
      chlorophyll a. 5. At pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C in the presence of 30% acetone, the
      Km values and specific activities were 12 microM and 480 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 for
      chlorophylls a, and 4 microM and 170 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 for R. rubrum
      bacteriochlorophyll a, respectively.

PMID- 6819292
TI  - Crystallization and properties of human liver ornithine aminotransferase.
AB  - Ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13] was purified and crystallized from human
      liver by a procedure involving heat treatment, chromatographies on DEAE
      cellulose, Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B and Sephadex G-200, and crystallization. The
      purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was
      estimated as 44,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and as 177,000 by
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation, indicating that the enzyme is
      tetrameric. Various properties of the enzyme from human liver are similar to
      those of the enzyme from rat liver, including its molecular weight, pH optimum,
      Km values for ornithine, alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal phosphate and
      specificity for amino acceptor from ornithine. The amino acid compositions of the
      two enzymes also have certain similarities, but the enzymes differ in
      electrophoretic mobility and antigenicity: the human enzyme moved more slowly to
      the anode, and on immunodiffusion analysis, the single precipitin lines formed
      between anti-human enzyme serum or anti-rat liver enzyme and the enzyme from
      human liver or lymphoblastoid cells and the rat liver enzyme fused with spur
      formation.

PMID- 6819294
TI  - Effect of calcium ion on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from synaptosomal
      fraction.
AB  - Brain synaptosomes released endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in response
      to Ca2+. The release of GABA in response to 2.5 mM Ca2+ increased linearly with
      log[K+]0, showing that a membrane potential-dependent Ca2+ channel limits the
      GABA release. In the presence of Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, GABA release increased
      linearly with log[Ca2+]0 without altering the membrane potential of synaptosomes.

PMID- 6819293
TI  - Purification and properties of thermostable beta-xylosidase from immature stalks
      of Saccharum officinarum L. (sugar cane).
AB  - Thermostable beta-xylosidase was purified from immature sugar cane stalks to an
      electrophoretically homogeneous form by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion
      exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and P-cellulose columns, heat treatment
      (70 degrees C, 20 min) and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The
      purification was about 165-fold in specific activity with a high recovery of 43%.
      The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by gel filtration, was
      62,000. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme was
      homogeneous and consisted of only one polypeptide, having a molecular weight of
      approximately 62,000. The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 75 degrees
      C and 4.85, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable and especially stable in
      the presence of D-xylose. The enzyme retained full activity after incubation at
      70 degrees C for 60 min in the presence of 0.1% D-xylose and when heated at 75
      degrees C in the presence of 1% D-xylose, the enzyme was stable up to 30 min.
      Among the various sugars tested, D-xylose was found to be most effective
      stabilizer. The Km and Vmax values were 2.05 mM and 20.4 mumol/mg/min,
      respectively. The substrate specificity of purified sugar cane beta-xylosidase
      was investigated with 16 substrates. It was not able to hydrolyze any p
      nitrophenyl glycopyranosides, larch wood xylan, or sugar cane except for p- and o
      nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranosides. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D
      xylopyranoside more rapidly than o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. The
      hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside was markedly inhibited by
      AgNO3, HgCl2, and D-xylose. Competitive inhibition was shown to occur with both
      HgCl2 and D-xylose. AgNO3 was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor. The enzyme
      lost 20% of its activity by photo-oxidation in the presence of methylen blue for
      8 h. By polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, the enzyme was found to contain
      carbohydrate. The enzyme was then hydrolyzed and the carbohydrate content found
      to be 13.5%, the constituent sugars being arabinose and galactose.

PMID- 6819295
TI  - The biological activity of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin: the change of chymotrypsin
      inhibitory and immunoenhancing activities by heat treatment.
AB  - The relationship between chymotrypsin-inhibitory and immunoenhancing activity of
      alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was studied. alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin was treated at 50
      degrees C, 55 degrees C or 60 degrees C for 15 min. It was found that
      antichymotryptic activity was reduced by half when alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was
      heated at 55 degrees C and was not detected at all when heating was carried out
      at 60 degrees C. alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin which was heated at 60 degrees C did
      not form a complex with chymotrypsin, but became a substrate for chymotrypsin.
      The effect of native and heated alpha-1-antichymotrypsin on antibody response was
      studied in mice. alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin increased the number of anti-sheep
      erythrocytes antibody producing cells even when it was heated at 60 degrees C.
      Circular dichroism and single radial immunodiffusion were used to detect
      conformational changes. Circular dichroism in the region of side chain absorption
      showed that the intensities of the spectra at 296, 284, and 265 nm decreased with
      a rise in temperature from 50 to 60 degrees C. In single radial immunodiffusion
      analysis, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin did not form a halo after being heated at 60
      degrees C. In conclusion, when alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was heated at 60 degrees
      C, the immunoenhancing activity remained intact while the antichymotryptic
      activity was lost with the conformational change.

PMID- 6819296
TI  - Interaction of aliphatic amines with glycogen phosphorylase.
AB  - A number of aliphatic amines was shown to stimulate AMP-dependent activity of
      phosphorylase b. The extent of stimulation depends on the molecular structure of
      amines. For linear amines, the longer the linear chain, the greater the
      stimulation observed. High concentrations of amines were able to induce a small
      activation of phosphorylase b in the absence of AMP. Kinetic studies of
      phosphorylase b indicated that the presence of n-hexylamine (a) results in
      lowering Km values for AMP and glucose 1-phosphate, (b) increases maximal
      velocity of the enzyme, and (c) modifies the glucose 6-phosphate, ATP, caffeine,
      and glucose binding sites of the enzyme by increasing the inhibition constants
      for these inhibitors. In contrast, the activity of phosphorylase b' is not
      altered by n-hexylamine. This fact suggests the possibility that amines interact
      with the N-terminal tail of phosphorylase b chain.

PMID- 6819297
TI  - Identification of the polypeptides in the cytochrome b6/f complex from spinach
      chloroplasts with redox-center-carrying subunits.
AB  - An improved procedure for the isolation of the cytochrome b6/f complex from
      spinach chloroplasts is reported. With this preparation up to tenfold higher
      plastoquinol-plastocyanin oxidoreductase activities were observed. Like the
      complex obtained by our previous procedure, the complex prepared by the modified
      way consisted of five polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 34, 33, 23,
      20, and 17 kD, which we call Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV, respectively. In addition,
      one to three small components with molecular masses below 6 kD were now found to
      be present. These polypeptides can be extracted with acidic acetone. Cytochrome
      f, cytochrome b6, and the Rieske Fe-S protein could be purified from the isolated
      complex and were shown to be represented by subunits Ia + Ib, II, and III,
      respectively. The heterogeneity of cytochrome f is not understood at present.
      Estimations of the stoichiometry derived from relative staining intensities with
      Coomassie blue and amido black gave 1:1:1:1 for the subunits Ia + Ib/II/III/IV,
      which is interesting in of the presence of two cytochromes b6 per cytochrome f.
      Cytochrome f titrated as a single-electron acceptor with a pH-independent
      midpoint potential of +339 mV between pH 6.5 and 8.3, while cytochrome b6 was
      heterogeneous. With the assumption of two components present in equal amounts,
      two one-electron transitions with Em(1) = 40 mV and Em(2) = -172 at pH 6.5 were
      derived. Both midpoint potentials were pH-dependent.

PMID- 6819298
TI  - The ultrasonic and computerized tomographic diagnosis of gas in the mesenteric
      portal venous system.

PMID- 6819300
TI  - On the pathogenesis of preleukemic myelodysplastic syndromes: development of a
      dysplastic hemopoietic proliferation in the rat after a single pulse dose of
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA).
AB  - After a single pulse dose of DMBA, rats develop bone-marrow hypoplasia, which is
      almost compensated for by regeneration after 16 weeks. Subsequently, dysplastic
      signs of hemopoiesis appear in all experimental animals as massive extrusion of
      normoblasts into the peripheral blood, red-cell aniso- and poikilocytosis,
      nuclear deformities, atypical mitoses, and PAS-positivity, as well as
      megaloblastoid maturation dissociation of erythroblasts and nuclear and
      granulation anomalies of neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes, comparable to
      human "pseudo-Pelger cells" and "paraneutrophils". At the time of death (112-497
      days after DMBA pulse) experimental animals showed hyperplastic bone marrow with
      increased granulopoietic/erythropoietic ratios and an augmented, mainly
      erythropoietic, hemopoiesis in the spleen, with splenomegaly in six rats. Splenic
      hemopoiesis is accompanied by white pulp atrophia. The cause of death was
      septicopyemia in three rats, anemia in three, and bleeding in one rat. None of
      the animals developed a leukemic blast phase. Myelodysplastic changes in this
      experiment are the same as have been shown to precede leukemia in rats treated
      with five DMBA pulses (Fohlmeister et al. 1981). Possible relations of
      myelodysplasia and leukemia are discussed.

PMID- 6819299
TI  - Digital picture analysis for studying the development of experimentally induced
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - We used the method of digital picture analysis to make a quantitative
      characterization, of stages of development of experimental osteosarcomas in
      rabbits. DMBA in gelatine pellets placed intraosteally served as a carcinogen to
      induce bone sarcomas. Of 25 animals treated, eight developed osteosarcomas
      classified as either osteoblastic, fibroblastic, or chondroblastic. We studied
      the process of bone neoplasia using radiographic, scintigraphic, and histological
      methods. To define the progress of neoplastic growth in each tumor we processed
      sequential radiographs of them by digital picture analysis. For this purpose, we
      developed a method for quantifying radiological changes using parameters
      independent of the rotation of the bone. In defining the histologic type of bone
      sarcomas, besides microscopic features we relied on quantitative criteria such as
      ratios of the newly formed bone and cartilage to the sarcomatous stroma. Our
      results, presented in this paper, indicate that digital picture analysis may be
      useful in characterizing experimental osteosarcomas as a model for therapeutic
      studies.

PMID- 6819301
TI  - [A case of idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the esophagus complicated by a
      pulsion diverticulum].
AB  - Diverticulectomy and esophagomyotomy provided a successful result in a patient
      with idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the esophagus complicated by a pulsion
      diverticulum. The anatomical, clinical, and etiopathogenic features of this
      affection are described and problems concerning differential diagnosis discussed.

PMID- 6819302
TI  - Assay of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in human serum as a modification of the assay
      for the enzyme in rat serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6819303
TI  - Simple electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycuronans and the distinction of lung
      heparins from mucosal heparins.

PMID- 6819304
TI  - Quantitative determination of n-dipropylacetamide in the plasma of epileptic
      patients by gas--liquid chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection.

PMID- 6819305
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM for assay of viral IgM
      antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to human IgM were produced by fusing the Sp 2/0-Ag 14 line
      of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified
      human IgM. From 6 clones which secreted antibody to human IgM, the one which
      produced the highest levels of antibody and grew relatively rapidly was selected
      for expansion and production of immune reagents for viral IgM antibody assays.
      Mouse ascitic fluids produced with this clone of cells had antibody titers for
      human IgM of 1 X 10(-10) by indirect enzyme immunofluorescence assay (EIFA). The
      monoclonal antibodies were found to belong to subclass 1 of murine IgG, and their
      specificity was shown to be directed against the Fab portion of the mu chain of
      human IgM. Antibodies from murine ascitic fluid conjugated with horseradish
      peroxidase were shown to be suitable for assay of measles IgM antibody by
      indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Antibodies conjugated with alkaline
      phosphatase could be used in an indirect EIFA for determination of measles IgM
      antibodies; use of monoclonal conjugates in this system eliminated the
      nonspecific activity observed in tests utilizing polyclonal anti-mu reagents.
      Further, the monoclonal antibodies were highly satisfactory for use in a
      'capture' system for viral IgM antibody assays. The availability of monoclonal
      antibodies to human IgM overcomes problems with specificity, consistency and
      supply which have previously hindered development and standardization of viral
      IgM antibody assays.

PMID- 6819306
TI  - Plaque assay of bluegill virus using a methylcellulose overlay.
AB  - The EFDL strain of Bluegill virus (BGV) has been titrated in BF-2 cells by the
      plaque method using 1% methylcellulose overlay. Visible plaques, formed 7 days
      postinfection, ranged in diameter from 0.5 to 1 mm. Dose-response experiments
      indicated that a single particle initiated the formation of a plaque. The
      titration of BGV by this new plaque method provided an accurate technique for the
      determination of virus concentration.

PMID- 6819307
TI  - Alternatives to the standardized laboratory branch complement fixation test for
      detection of antibodies to Coccidioides immitis.
AB  - Antibody titers to Coccidioides immitis, using coccidioidin antigen, were
      determined by three methods: the standardized Laboratory Branch complement
      fixation method (LBCF), a modified version of the Viral and Rickettsial Disease
      Laboratory complement fixation test (VRDL-CF), and a quantitative immunodiffusion
      test (QID). Of the 133 samples evaluated, 72 were negative by each method and 57
      (42 serum samples, 15 cerebrospinal fluid samples) were positive by all three
      methods. Four additional specimens (1 serum sample, 3 cerebrospinal fluid
      samples) were positive by QID alone. All positive patients were diagnosed
      clinically as having pulmonary or extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis or both. When
      titers from two methods were compared, the agreement within +/- 1 dilution was
      VRDL-CF/QID, 88.5%; VRDL-CF/LBCF, 85.2%; and LBCF/QID, 82.0%. The agreement of
      these methods within +/- 2 dilutions was VRDL-CF/QID, 98.4%; VRDL-CF/LBCF, 96.7%;
      and LBCF/QID, 93.4%. The VRDL-CF and QID methods are simpler to perform; however,
      they are yet unrecognized as suitable alternatives to the more cumbersome LBCF.
      Our data show that they should be considered as options for C. immitis serology.

PMID- 6819308
TI  - Automated identification of gram-positive bacteria.
AB  - A total of 451 strains of gram-positive bacteria were identified with a prototype
      of the Gram-Positive Identification card used in conjunction with the
      AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). Of the species that
      the Gram-Positive Identification card is capable of identifying, 85% of
      staphylococcal, 50% of beta-hemolytic group A, B, C, F, and G streptococcal, 91%
      of group D streptococcal, 100% of pneumococcal, 63% of viridans streptococcal,
      and 100% of Listeria monocytogenes strains tested displayed Gram-Positive
      Identification card identifications that were in agreement with identifications
      obtained by conventional methods.

PMID- 6819309
TI  - Improved method for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to
      pyrazinamide.
AB  - The acid medium required to test susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to
      pyrazinamide (PZA) is a major problem in obtaining reliable test results.
      Satisfactory growth is usually obtained on Middlebrook and Cohn 7H10 medium at pH
      5.5 if albumin-dextrose-catalase (ADC) supplement rather than oleic acid-albumin
      dextrose-catalase is used; however, some lots of ADC supplement still fail to
      support growth at this low pH. A rapid turbidimetric test was developed to
      determine the growth-supporting potential of ADC enrichment for M. tuberculosis
      at pH 5.5. An atmosphere supplemented with 5 to 10% carbon dioxide, used to
      stimulate growth of tubercle bacilli on 7H10 medium, counteracted the growth
      inhibiting effects of PZA. By using optimum conditions of medium and pH, the
      susceptibility of 90% of M. tuberculosis strains to PZA was determined.

PMID- 6819311
TI  - Drift residues of air-applied carbaryl in an orchard environment.

PMID- 6819310
TI  - Elevated plasma cortisol during induced and spontaneous hypocalcemia in
      ruminants.
AB  - The relationship of cortisol in blood plasma with plasma calcium and phosphorus
      was studied from 3 days before to 2.5 days after calving in 12 dairy cows (third
      or more parity). Cows were in three groups: 1) paretic (displayed hypocalcemic
      and lateral recumbency), 2) nonparetic (plasma calcium at least 8.0 mg/100 ml),
      and 3) borderline (plasma calcium less than 8.0 mg/100 ml). Cortisol
      concentrations from 0 to 1.5 days postpartum reflected the state of calcium
      stress of the groups, paretic more than borderline and borderline more than
      nonparetic. Phosphorus was lower from 0 to 1 day postpartum in paretic cows.
      Calcium and phosphorus were negatively correlated (within cow) with cortisol (
      .53, -.37). In experiments with goats, cortisol was released in response to
      hypocalcemia and displayed no activity in initiating an onset of hypocalcemia
      when given exogenously. Also, the observation that cortisol-treated goats
      responded less severely with calcium depression and recovered faster from induced
      hypocalcemia by ethylene glycol-bis (beta-amino-ethyl ester) N,N'-tetraacetic
      acid infusions suggests cortisol may aid the animal in recovering from
      hypocalcemia.

PMID- 6819312
TI  - Km of tyrosinase in microsomes in higher than that in melanosomes.

PMID- 6819313
TI  - [Intravenous administration of ritodrine to pregnant insulin-dependent diabetics.
      Metabolic impact].
AB  - Seven diabetic patients who had been dependent on insulin before pregnancy
      (classes B, C, D of White) threatened to go into premature labour between the
      31st and 36th week of the pregnancy. They were treated by intravenous
      administration of Ritodrine, the dosage varying between 100 and 400 micrograms
      per minute. The changes in the mother consisted in a rise in the blood glucose
      level which rose from 140 +/- 34 mg % to 212 +/- 56 mg % (p less than 0.01). This
      occurred in spite of a mean rise of 49% of insulin (p less than 0.0025) and a
      moderate ketonuria in two patients and a severe acido-ketosis in two further
      patients. In five patients there were no effects on the fetus as far as repeated
      observations of the fetal heart rate could detect. On the other hand, in the two
      mothers who developed acido-ketosis during the transfusion the fetal heart rythm
      showed signs of acute fetal distress, which however was temporary. Oscillations
      were reduced and there were late decelerations. These disappeared when the
      maternal metabolic state was brought back to equilibrium. 13.1 +/- 7.3 days were
      gained for the fetus by using tocolytic treatment, and this is considered a
      success. Discussion of these cases is accompanied by a complete review of the
      literature of the administration of beta-mimetic drugs in diabetic women. The
      authors point out that special precautions have to be taken and special
      conditions have to be fulfilled when this type of treatment is used. These
      consist of changes in the amounts of insulin that are given and particularly
      careful observation of the fetal heart rhythm before and during treatment.

PMID- 6819314
TI  - Intense nutritional support in inflammatory bowel disease: a review.
AB  - We have reviewed the value of intense nutritional support in inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD), relying mostly on the limited uncontrolled studies that have been
      performed. In most circumstances, nutritional restitution and a short-term
      clinical remission are accomplished when this support is provided. In some
      patients, particularly those with Crohn's disease who undergo surgery, intense
      nutritional support probably decreases morbidity and mortality. Children with IBD
      can undergo linear growth rates with nutritional supplementation. There is a
      great need for additional controlled studies.

PMID- 6819315
TI  - Significance of glycosidases in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism II. Studies in
      the mesencephalon of fresh water turtle (Lissemys punctata).
AB  - The contribution deals with histochemical localization of alpha-glucosidase, beta
      glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase in the mesencephalon of
      fresh water turtle. These enzymes demonstrate strong activity in all the
      myelinated fibers. Neuronal elements of nucleus ruber, nucleus isthmi, torus
      semicircularis, third and fourth cranial nerve nuclei, nucleus profundus
      mesencephali etc. demonstrate variable activity. Interestingly enough, there is
      parallel localization of all these enzymes in nuclei and tracts of mesencephalon.
      Further, the pattern of phospholipids and neutral lipids localization is almost
      identical to that of glycosidases. Since lipids and carbohydrates are rich source
      of energy in the central nervous system, and these enzymes are involved in their
      breakdown, their possible role in nerve cells and fibers of mesencephalon of
      turtle has been discussed.

PMID- 6819316
TI  - Vaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa results and perspectives of
      investigations (survey).
AB  - At the present time, there are many preparations for active immunization against
      P. aeruginosa infection (pseudomonas infection), but none of the proposed
      preparations has so far been widely used in medical practice. Development of P.
      aeruginosa vaccine (PV) should obviously be based on findings concerning the
      pathogenesis of infection, the mechanisms of immunogenesis and the factors of
      virulence of the causative agent. On the basis of results of their studies the
      authors believe that PV should include a non-toxic low-molecular component (or
      components) of the extracellular slime and water-soluble protein antigens of the
      cell wall, isolated from one or three selected strains of P. aeruginosa. Adoption
      of these components onto aluminium hydroxide can obviously increase the
      efficiency of PV.

PMID- 6819317
TI  - The use of murine monoclonal antibodies without purification of antigen in the
      serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
AB  - A serum diagnostic test for tuberculosis has been devised on the basis of
      competitive inhibition by human sera of the binding of 125I-labelled murine
      monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to a solid-phase bound pressate of M. tuberculosis.
      Five monoclonal antibodies binding to distinct antigenic determinants of the
      organism were used as structural probes which conferred their stringent combining
      site specificities to the polyclonal mixture of human antibodies. Sera from
      patients but not from healthy controls competed effectively with the binding of
      125I-labelled Mabs to M. tuberculosis-coated polyvinyl plates. This inhibition
      technique eliminated the need for elaborate purification of antigen used in
      previous serological methods. Some Mabs gave considerably more positive results
      than others. The best combination of tests used 2 Mabs and yielded a positive
      result in 71% of 41 patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. This
      approach is applicable in principle to the serodiagnosis of other human bacterial
      diseases.

PMID- 6819318
TI  - Fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy: a study of the phenomenon and its
      remedy.

PMID- 6819319
TI  - Evaluation of heat-damaged and IgG-coated red cells for testing
      reticuloendothelial function.
AB  - In vitro methods for standardising and assessing the reproducibility of
      reticuloendothelial function tests in man were performed. Variation in the degree
      of heat-induced red blood cell damage could be detected by both Channelyzer plots
      and a filtration test of red cell plasticity although the former test was less
      sensitive and difficult to quantitate. In a consecutive study of the clearance of
      heat-damaged red blood cells (HDRBC) in 8 patients and 2 normal individuals,
      consistent changes were demonstrated by both assays although occasionally one
      assay alone provided inconclusive results. When undamaged red cells were coated
      with IgG anti-D antibodies, the number of IgG molecules bound per red cell was
      determined by an indirect antiglobulin radioimmunoassay. With this assay, it was
      shown that the rate of clearance of coated cells was related to the amount of
      cell bound IgG anti-D. Some variation in the degree of coating of cells from
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was found although the differences
      were insufficient to account for the reported reduction in the clearance of IgG
      coated cells in patients with this disease. The radioimmunoassay and
      microhaemagglutination techniques revealed that neither IgG, Clq, C3 or C3d were
      bound to HDRBC following incubation in autologous serum suggesting that these
      cells were cleared in vivo by mechanisms unrelated to immune receptor
      recognition.

PMID- 6819320
TI  - Genetic control of cell-mediated immunity in the rat. III. T cells restricted by
      the RT1.A locus recognize viable Listeria but not isolated bacterial antigens.
AB  - This study investigates the discordance between the restriction criteria required
      for the transfer of cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and those
      for the transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity to Listeria antigens. Infective
      bacteria elicit both RT1.A-restricted T cells and RT1.B-restricted T cells. Both
      populations of T cells mediate lymphoblast localization and macrophage
      accumulation, which are reactions characteristic of delayed type hypersensitivity
      (DTH), and cause macrophage activation with rapid and efficient bacterial
      elimination, which is an expression of cellular resistance. If alcohol-killed
      Listeria organisms (pLMA) are injected, only the RT1.B-restricted T cell subset
      is triggered. Direct comparison of lymphoblast localization in LM infection sites
      and the expression of resistance revealed that efficient resistance may be
      mediated by small numbers of lymphoblasts and that below a certain threshold
      there is no correlation between lymphoblast localization and the level of
      resistance.

PMID- 6819321
TI  - [Intradiverticular bladder tumor. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - The authors report on three new cases of tumours growing in bladder diverticula.
      If an intravenous urogram (IVU) of high quality is obtained and properly
      interpreted--in almost all cases a diverticular lacuna will be seen. Such an IVU
      picture is most suspicious in a patient with haematuria. The impossibility, for
      technical reasons, of exploring the interior of the diverticulum endoscopically
      means that the diagnosis cannot be ruled out. These tumours have a bad prognosis:
      13% 3 year survival and 5% survival at 4 years. The authors reach the conclusion
      which is in agreement with the literature, that these tumours need to be treated
      radically.

PMID- 6819322
TI  - [Investigation of maintenance of neutralizing antibody to Japanese encephalitis
      virus among senior high school students].

PMID- 6819324
TI  - [Occurrence and distribution of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and its enterotoxigenicity
      (six year-study)].

PMID- 6819323
TI  - [Isolation of Pasteurella from clinical specimens].

PMID- 6819325
TI  - [On propriety of distinguishing Salmonella java from Salmonella paratyphi-B].

PMID- 6819326
TI  - [Clinical and bacteriological studies on a case with infectious disease caused by
      Vibrio vulnificus].

PMID- 6819328
TI  - [A 23-year longitudinal study on the M-types of group A streptococci from the
      scarlet fever patients in Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital during the period,
      1956-1978].

PMID- 6819329
TI  - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of 9,3"-di-O-acetyl midecamycin (MOM) and
      josamycin (JM) against acute tonsillitis by double blind method].

PMID- 6819327
TI  - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of 9,33"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) and
      midecamycin on respiratory tract infection].

PMID- 6819330
TI  - [Effect of cancer chemotherapy for unresectable cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 6819331
TI  - [Antitumor treatment for synchronous hepatic metastasis from stomach cancer].

PMID- 6819332
TI  - [Clinical study of amino acid imbalance as an adjunct to cancer therapy].

PMID- 6819333
TI  - [Anticancer effect of levamisole and tegafur on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
      induced colonic cancers in rats].

PMID- 6819334
TI  - The effect of temperature on glyceryl ethers in Tetrahymena pyriformis W.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the ether content of the glycerophospholipids of
      Tetrahymena pyriformis W was examined. The only ether detected was 1-O-hexadecyl
      glycerol (alpha-chimyl alcohol). The data provide evidence that the class 1-O
      alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-(2-aminoethyl)-phosphate (1-alkyl PsE), in addition to
      the previously reported 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-(2-aminoethyl)-phosphonate
      (1-alkyl PnE) and 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (1-alkyl PC),
      exists in this ciliate species. A comparison was made of the ether content of the
      glycerophospholipids from cells grown at 15 degrees and 28.5 degrees C. An
      elevation in the amount of ether was noted in all glycerophospholipids at the
      lower temperature with the largest proportional change in 1-alkyl PsE.
      Tetrahymena species have a high gamma-linolenic acid content in the sn-1 position
      of the glycerophospholipids in addition to the usual saturated acids and ether.
      The replacement at low temperature of gamma-linolenic acid by a saturated
      hydrocarbon at the sn-1 position of the glycerophospholipids of Tetrahymena
      pyriformis W should increase the microviscosity of the membranes; thus, it is
      difficult to envision this alteration in the glycerophospholipids as an adaptive
      change beneficial for growth. These findings are in direct contrast to the
      situation in Tetrahymena thermophila where the percentage of ether
      glycerophospholipids increases at the expense of gamma-linolenate as the
      temperature rises.

PMID- 6819336
TI  - Urinary catecholamine in kwashiorkor and marasmus.

PMID- 6819335
TI  - Evidence for an underestimation of the shunt pathway of mevalonate metabolism in
      slices of livers and kidneys from fasted rats and rats in diabetic ketosis.
AB  - Yields of (14)CO(2) from [2-(14)C]mevalonate and [5-(14)C]mevalonate have been
      used by others to estimate the activity of the non-sterol-forming pathway, also
      called the mevalonate shunt pathway, and yields of (14)C in sterols have been
      used to estimate the activity of the sterol-forming pathway. Both these pathways
      operate following the conversion of carbon 1 of mevalonate to CO(2). The
      estimations of the shunt pathway contribution are dependent upon the fractions of
      carbons 2 and 5 of mevalonate that are oxidized to CO(2) in the Krebs cycle after
      leaving the pathway. Unless all of carbons 2 and 5 are oxidized to CO(2), the
      estimates are minimal. The metabolism of mevalonate has now been examined in
      slices of livers and kidneys from fasted rats and rats in diabetic ketosis.
      Yields of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]mevalonate are used as the measure of the
      contributions of all the pathways by which carbon 1 of mevalonate is converted to
      CO(2). Yields of (3)H-labeled nonsaponifiable lipids from [5-(3)H]mevalonate are
      used as the measure of the sterol-forming pathway. The differences in these
      yields are then taken as the measure of the non-sterol-forming pathway or
      pathways. Yields of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]mevalonate markedly exceeded the sum
      of the yields of (14)C in CO(2) and nonsaponifiable lipids from either [2
      (14)C]mevalonate or [5-(14)C]mevalonate. Therefore, in liver and kidney, under
      the conditions of this study, either one or more pathways other than the shunt
      pathway, by which mevalonate can be metabolized to other than sterols, is
      operative to a marked degree, or estimates of the shunt pathway's contributions
      as judged by yields of (14)CO(2) from [2-(14)C]mevalonate and [5-(14)C]mevalonate
      are significantly underestimated.-Brady, P. S., W. C. Schumann, S. Ohgaku, R. F.
      Scofield, and B. R. Landau. Evidence for an underestimation of the shunt pathway
      of mevalonate metabolism in slices of livers and kidneys from fasted rats and
      rats in diabetic ketosis.

PMID- 6819337
TI  - Biotypes, toxigenicity and antibiotic sensitivity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

PMID- 6819338
TI  - Extrarenal fibromuscular hyperplasia in neurofibromatosis--a case report.

PMID- 6819340
TI  - Two antiepileptic drugs for intractable epilepsy with complex-partial seizures.
AB  - The value of adding a second antiepileptic drug in intractable epilepsy with
      complex-partial seizures was studied in a long-term prospective trial in 30 adult
      patients who failed to respond to the maximum use of carbamazepine, phenytoin,
      phenobarbital or primidone as the first drug. Based on the individual previous
      history of one-drug treatment, the most promising antiepileptic drug
      (carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone,
      valproic acid) was added, if necessary until clinical toxicity occurred. A
      reduction of the seizure frequency by more than 75% was seen in only four
      patients (13%) exposed to a second drug in the event of failure of optimum one
      drug treatment. The remaining majority of patients (87%) did not benefit from the
      second drug; in three patients the seizure frequency increased by more than 100%.
      The common practice of adding another drug in difficult-to-treat cases may need
      to be reconsidered until further evidence is presented that two drugs are more
      beneficial than one drug in the treatment of intractable epilepsy.

PMID- 6819341
TI  - Self-induction of epileptic seizures by eye-closure. Spectral analysis of
      concomitant EEG.
AB  - The spectral characteristics of the EEG were studied in the period immediately
      preceding slow eye-closures associated with the self-induction of epileptiform
      activity. Power levels were compared with similar spontaneous eye-closures not
      associated with paroxysmal activity, with eye closures performed to command, and
      with EEG preceding eye-blinks. A transient rise in EEG power at low frequencies 1
      2 seconds before the slow eye-closure was found to be reliably associated with
      the subsequent occurrence of paroxysmal activity. This finding suggests that eye
      closure may not be initial event in the sequence culminating in paroxysmal
      activity.

PMID- 6819339
TI  - A comparison of phenytoin and pheneturide in patients with epilepsy: a double
      blind cross-over trial.
AB  - A double-blind cross-over trial between pheneturide and phenytoin in ninety-four
      outpatients with epilepsy is described. There was no significant difference
      between the frequency of seizures in the two groups. The difficulties in
      comparing two anticonvulsants of similar efficacy are discussed particularly in
      relation to ethical problems, the selection of patients and trial design.

PMID- 6819342
TI  - CT scan prediction of late post-traumatic epilepsy.
AB  - Out of 233 patients admitted for head trauma during 1977-1978, 93 had a CT scan
      examination within the first 48 hours. Forty-nine of these had at least one
      clinical risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy. Ten of this group developed
      post-traumatic epilepsy. In all cases early CT scan showed focal brain damage,
      which was related more significantly to post-traumatic epilepsy than to risk
      factors.

PMID- 6819343
TI  - Studies on the improvement of zinc phosphate cement (II)--synthesis of lysine
      derivative and determination of its structure.

PMID- 6819344
TI  - CNR external quality control program for hLH, hFSH, hPRL and hCG: first-semester
      experience.

PMID- 6819345
TI  - Kinetic constants of lactase of the small intestine of growing rats fully
      recovered from protein depletion, in relation to dietary protein and lactose
      concentration.
AB  - The effect of dietary composition on the kinetic constants of intestinal lactase
      was studied using rats depleted of protein by feeding protein-free diet from the
      weanling stage to 34 days of age and subsequently allowed to recover on diets
      containing 11.5 or 17% of protein calories (P%) and different levels of lactose
      (L%; 1, 15, 27 and 37%). After four days of refeeding, rats were decapitated and
      lactase activity was determined at different substrate concentrations by the
      method of Dahlqvist using homogenate of intestinal mucosa. Maximum velocity
      (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were calculated according to Eisenthal and
      Cornish-Bowden. At both levels of P%, Vmax tended to increase with the dietary
      lactose concentration. With diets containing 37% lactose, at P% 11 Vmax was about
      60% of that at P% 17.0 Km tended to increase with L% in groups given the 17.0%
      protein calorie diets, but no difference was observed between groups fed at the
      lower level of protein. These results can be explained on the basis of
      interactions between dietary protein at different concentrations and inducer
      substrate which results in changes in isoenzyme patterns.

PMID- 6819346
TI  - Influence of diets low in protein or lysine on the intestinal flora of chicks
      with reference to cecal contents.
AB  - To determine the effect of a certain diet on the intestinal flora of chicks, the
      cecal flora of chicks fed on a low protein or low lysine diet was examined. The
      cecal flora of chicks fed on the low protein diet was similar to that of chicks
      fed on a normal protein diet, but the total count of bacteria, Eubacterium and
      Enterobacteriaceae in the cecal content of chicks fed on the low lysine diet
      containing a formulated amino acid mixture minus lysine was significantly lower
      than that of chicks fed on the control diet. The total count of Lactobacillus in
      the cecum was remarkably reduced by feeding the amino acid diet, especially the
      low lysine diet. Levels of most free amino acids in the cecal contents of the low
      protein group were significantly lower than those of the control. Lysine,
      leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, histidine, glycine and tyrosine of the cecal
      contents in the low lysine group were significantly lower than those of the
      control group.

PMID- 6819347
TI  - The in vivo decrease of beta-alanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
      caused by 6-azauracil and 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 6819348
TI  - Acid glutaraldehyde performs differently.

PMID- 6819349
TI  - The hematopoietic defect of the jaws: a report of sixteen cases.
AB  - Biopsy of radiolucent lesions of the jaws has resulted in the identification of
      areas of hematopoiesis usually designated as focal osteoporotic marrow defects.
      The majority of the cases reported involve the posterior region of the mandible
      in a previous extraction site. Pain and swelling are not uncommon. Since the
      clinical and radiographic symptoms of hematopoietic defects resemble
      manifestations of other neoplastic and inflammatory diseases, it is important to
      continue to describe the properties of this interesting entity.

PMID- 6819350
TI  - Primary mineralization of dentin in rats after pulp capping with calcium
      hydroxide.
AB  - It has been previously reported that short term application of calcium-hydroxide
      to the dental pulp resulted in the formation of a dentin bridge with matrix
      vesicle calcification. The present study deals with the induction of reparative
      dentin in rat molar pulps by direct capping with calcium-hydroxide. The teeth
      were examined after 21 and 35 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
      revealed that the calcification process in the newly formed dentin was
      characterized by apatite deposition in matrix vesicles and the occurrence of
      calcifying nodules in the matrix. The persistence of these features of primary
      mineralization, during the experimental period, was associated with the
      continuous calcium hydroxide contact with pulp tissue, producing changes in its
      metabolic state.

PMID- 6819351
TI  - DNA-ploidy rates in oral leukoplakias determined by flow-cytometry.
AB  - In 11 patients with histologically confirmed benign (n = 4) precancerous (n = 7)
      oral leukoplakias, the nuclear DNA distribution patterns were analyzed by flow
      cytometry. In two of three precancerous lesions exhibiting severe dysplasia,
      monoclonal hyperdiploid (aneuploid) cell populations were demonstrated.
      Aneuploidy was not observed in early or moderate dysplasias. To fully assess the
      diagnostic significance of flow cytometry in oral premalignancies, a larger
      quantity of specimens must be examined.

PMID- 6819352
TI  - Bacterial leakage around dental restorations: its effect on the dental pulp.

PMID- 6819353
TI  - The alleged radioresistance of ameloblastoma.

PMID- 6819356
TI  - An experimental asthma model in unanesthetized rat, and the difference in effect
      of disodium cromoglycate between passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model and asthma
      model in rat.
AB  - We established here the experimental asthma model in unanesthetized rat, based on
      the observation of breathing. The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was
      compared between the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model in rat and our
      experimental asthma model. The systemic anaphylaxis was elicited, in the rat
      passively sensitized with reaginic antibodies (reagin) against DNP-As, in
      response to challenge with antigen. The longer duration of expiration than that
      of inspiration was observed in the thoracic breathing of antigen-treated rats.
      The proportion of animals showing this respiratory distress in thoracic breathing
      (RDTB) was related to the concentration of antiserum used for the sensitization.
      The relation between RDTB and the concentration of antiserum was more manifest
      when the degree of RDTB was considered as a score. Inhibition of DSCG was dose
      dependent on RDTB and reagin-induced PCA at more than 1 mg/kg. The maximal
      inhibition of DSCG (20 mg/kg, i.v.) on RDTB or PCA was observed when it was given
      30 s before the challenge with antigen. The effect on RDTB decreased gradually
      with time after dose, and lasted beyond 60 min similar to the inhibitory activity
      of DSCG on antigen-induced asthmatic reaction in patients. Whereas, the effect on
      PCA decreased rapidly, and disappeared within 30 min after dose. These results
      indicate that RDTB is a principal indicator of respiratory distress induced by
      reagin, and that the effect of DSCG in asthmatics may be explained by its
      inhibitory activity on RDTB rather than that on PCA.

PMID- 6819355
TI  - A new combined non-invasive electrode for tcPco2-measurement and fetal heart rate
      recording.

PMID- 6819357
TI  - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. (A case report).

PMID- 6819354
TI  - Insertion of a small central venous catheter in neonates and young infants.
AB  - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administered through a central venous catheter
      in low-birthweight neonates and infants has been complicated by mechanical
      catheter malfunctions and catheter-associated infections. A retrospective survey
      of catheter complications 66 infants with 90 pediatric Broviac (1.3 mm o.d.) and
      large-diameter (French size 3, 4, and 5) Silastic catheters revealed 17
      mechanical malfunctions (27%) and 16 cases (26%) of catheter infections. The
      current study presents our experience using 58 small-diameter (0.635 mm o.d.)
      Silastic catheters for TPN in 53 neonates and infants. There were 13 episodes
      (22%) of mechanical problems such as accidental dislodgement, occlusion of the
      catheter, and perforation of the tubing. Only four cases (7%) of catheter
      associated sepsis occurred, a significant reduction (p = 0.008) in this serious
      problem compared to the previous large catheter study. We have compared clinical
      features of both large- and small-diameter catheters and suggest specific
      guidelines for their use. The small-diameter Silastic catheter is safe, easily
      inserted, and effective in the critically ill, low-birthweight neonate and in
      young infants weighing less than 6 kg. The pediatric Broviac catheter is
      recommended for administration of long-term or home TPN to infants and children
      greater than 6 kg. These catheters are useful for multiple purposes such as blood
      drawing, chemotherapy, and nutritional support while the small catheter is not as
      versatile.

PMID- 6819358
TI  - Treating viral venereal infections with the CO2 laser.
AB  - Viral venereal infections caused by herpes simplex virus 2 and papillomavirus
      (wart) are epidemic diseases in the United States. Unfortunately, these two
      infections have eluded conventional therapy to date. Therefore, 306 women were
      treated for viral venereal diseases with the CO2 laser. Two hundred twenty-eight
      patients were treated for condyloma acuminatum and 78 for genital herpes. All the
      patients who underwent treatment for herpes were enrolled in an investigative
      protocol. Since the viral organisms of both diseases replicate in either the
      basal or prickle cell layers of the epithelium, deep laser treatment is not
      necessary; treatment to a depth of 1 to 2 mm is adequate. The average power
      densities ranged from 311 to 660 w/cm2. Herpes patients responded with relief of
      pain and elimination of viral infectivity for that cycle. Patients with primary
      herpes were "cured" in 83% of cases. C. acuminatum could be eliminated with the
      CO2 laser in virtually every woman.

PMID- 6819359
TI  - Kinetics of killing Listeria monocytogenes by macrophages: correlation of 3H-DNA
      release from labeled bacteria and changes in numbers of viable organisms by
      mathematical model.
AB  - Conventional methods of assessing antibacterial activities of macrophages by
      viable counting are limited by the precision of the statistics and are difficult
      to interpret quantitatively because of unrestrained extracellular growth of
      bacteria. An alternative technique based on the release of radioactive DNA from
      labeled bacteria has been offered as overcoming these drawbacks. To assess it for
      use with macrophages I have made a correlation with the conventional viable
      counting method using a mathematical model. Opsonized Listeria monocytogenes
      labeled with 3H-thymidine were exposed to rat macrophages for periods up to 4 hr.
      Numbers of viable bacteria determined after sonication increased exponentially in
      the absence of live cells and this growth rate was progressively inhibited by
      increasing numbers of macrophages. After a lag period of 30-60 min soluble 3H
      appeared in the supernatant, the amount increasing with time and numbers of
      macrophages. To correlate these data I developed a mathematical model that
      considered that changes in numbers of viable organisms were due to the difference
      between rates of 1) growth of extracellular bacteria and 2) killing within the
      macrophage. On the basis of this model curves of best fit to the viable counts
      data were used to predict the release of radioactivity, assuming that death of a
      bacterium led to the total release of its label. These predictions and the
      experimental data agreed well, the lag period of 30-60 min between death of the
      bacterium and release of radioactivity being consistent with intracellular
      digestion. Release of soluble radioactivity appears to be an accurate reflection
      of the number of bacteria killed within the macrophage.

PMID- 6819360
TI  - Terminations of treatment with gold sodium thiomalate in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Treatment terminations with gold sodium thiomalate (GST) in 200 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed using the life table method. The
      termination rate was 27% at 6 months, 48% at 12 months and 84% at 48 months. The
      major reason for termination was mucocutaneous reaction. Pretreatment clinical
      and laboratory status of the RA did not influence terminations significantly.
      Concurrent administration of oral corticosteroids had no significant effect on
      gold terminations. Complete control of synovitis was achieved in 38% of patients
      by a median time of 6 months but sustained for greater than 12 months in only
      19%.

PMID- 6819363
TI  - Rate controlled drug delivery.

PMID- 6819361
TI  - Different intracellular distributions of heat-shock and arsenite-induced proteins
      in Drosophila Kc cells. Possible relation with the phosphorylation and
      translocation of a major cytoskeletal protein.

PMID- 6819362
TI  - The biodistribution and metabolic fate of [11C]acrylic acid in the rat after
      acute inhalation exposure or stomach intubation.
AB  - Rats were nose-exposed to an atmosphere containing gaseous [11C]acrylic acid for
      1 min and sacrificed 1.5 and 65 min later. At 1.5 min 28% of the administered
      radiolabel was associated with the snout of the exposed animal. The
      biodistribution data indicated the gastrointestinal tract as the major site of
      absorption of acrylic acid after inhalation exposure. Therefore, rats were also
      stomach intubated with an aqueous solution of [11C]acrylic acid and sacrificed at
      1.5, 10, 20, 40, and 65 min after intubation. The absorption of acrylic acid from
      the stomach was rapid, as was its subsequent metabolism. Carbon-11 was rapidly
      eliminated from both nose-exposed and stomach-intubated animals as 11CO2, with
      about 60% of the administered dose eliminated 1 h after administration. A portion
      of the radiolabel was also eliminated via the renal system.

PMID- 6819364
TI  - Lipid pattern in liver disease.

PMID- 6819365
TI  - Otosclerosis.

PMID- 6819366
TI  - Gastric microflora in gastroduodenal disease.

PMID- 6819367
TI  - [Reliability of CO2 analyzer 930 (Siemens-Elema Co.) used for infants].

PMID- 6819368
TI  - Serum and urinary beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase activity in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - To determine the effect of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on serum and urinary
      activity of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase (lysosomal enzymes) 40
      patients were studied. Eighteen patients had acute myocardial infarction and 22
      were assigned as controls. Three of the 18 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction died within 5 to 10 days after hospitalization. Although the serum and
      urinary beta-glucuronidase and serum beta-galactosidase activity was higher in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction when compared with the control subjects
      these differences did not achieve statistical significance. However, the mean
      values of urinary beta-galactosidase in the control and acute MI groups were
      158.68 and 333.3 nmol/mg creatinine/hr, respectively (p less than 0.046). These
      findings indicate that there is a significant increase in the urine beta
      galactosidase activity during the early phases of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6819369
TI  - Unloading effects of vasodilators on peripheral circulation and cardiac
      hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Effects of three representative vasodilators on peripheral and cardiac
      hemodynamics were studied in 20 patients with heart failure due to acute
      myocardial infarction (PCWP greater than 18 mmHg, C1 greater than 2.20 L/min/m2)
      using venous occlusion plethysmography and a Swan-Ganz catheter. Sublingual
      isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) significantly increased calf venous capacitance (CVC)
      from 5 to 60 min (p less than 0.01) and calf blood flow (CBF) in the initial 15
      min (p less than 0.05), while simultaneously lowering PCWP (p less than 0.05) and
      central venous pressure (p less than 0.05). Calf vascular resistance (CVR),
      cardiac index, blood pressure, and total systemic peripheral resistance (TSPR)
      were not affected significantly. Nitroglycerin ointment (NGO) significantly
      decreased CVR (p less than 0.05) and increased CVC (p less than 0.05) from 60 to
      240 min, simultaneously with lowering of PCWP (p less than 0.01), central venous
      pressure (p less than 0.05), and TSPR (p less than 0.05). Oral prazosin (Pz)
      increased CBF (p less than 0.01) and CVC (p less than 0.05) from 60 to 240 min,
      simultaneously with significant lowering of PCWP (p less than 0.01) and TSPR (p
      less than 0.05), resulting in increased stroke work index (p less than 0.05).
      These data confirm that ISDN predominantly causes capacitance vessel dilatation
      and reduce excessive venous return, while Pz and NGO dilate not only capacitance
      vessels but also resistance vessels, consequently reducing systemic vascular
      resistance and resulting in increased peripheral blood flow and cardiac
      performance. It was observed that the higher the base-line calf vascular
      resistance rose, the better the response to the vasodilator treatment appeared in
      terms of a decrease in calf vascular resistance.

PMID- 6819370
TI  - Effects of peripheral vasodilation caused by verapamil, nifedipine, and
      nitroglycerin on plasma prostaglandins and thromboxane concentrations.
AB  - We investigated the vasodilating effects of verapamil, nifedipine, and
      nitroglycerin in relation to plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)-F1 alpha,
      PG E1, PG F2 alpha, and thromboxane (TX) B2 in dogs. Verapamil, nifedipine, and
      nitroglycerin decreased peripheral vascular resistance from 1.00 +/- 0.07
      mmHg/ml/min (mean +/- SE) to 0.83 +/- 0.05, from 0.99 +/- 0.06 to 0.80 +/- 0.05,
      and from 1.03 +/- 0.04 to 0.91 +/- 0.04, respectively. However, peripheral blood
      flow did not change significantly. Administration of verapamil significantly
      increased plasma levels of 6-keto-PG F1 alpha, PG E1, and PG F2 alpha from 150 +/
      31 pg/ml to 350 +/- 98, from 56 +/- 34 to 87 +/- 33, and from 127 +/- 35 to 238
      +/- 61, respectively, while neither nifedipine nor nitroglycerin had any effect
      on plasma 6-keto-PG F1 alpha, PG E1, and PG F2 alpha. Indomethacin pretreatment
      reduced the effects of verapamil on peripheral vascular resistance and plasma PG
      concentration. None of these drugs caused a significant change in the plasma TX
      B2 level. The results suggest that the vasodilating action of verapamil was
      mediated in part by the prostaglandin system.

PMID- 6819371
TI  - The effect of mouse age on the determination of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
      virulence.
AB  - The effect of age on the susceptibility of ICR mice to lethal intraperitoneal
      (ip), Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections was tested with five virulent strains-
      Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA763, and TH1817--and three strains of reduced virulence-
      TA678, TA686, and TA716. Susceptibility differences were noted only in the ICR
      mice inoculated with two of the strains of reduced virulence, TA716 and TA678.
      With both strains, mice in the 12-weeks and younger age groups had lower death
      rates than did mice in the 21-weeks and older age groups. Also, CBA/CaJ mice of
      varying ages were inoculated intravenously with large doses of the Gilliam strain
      to determine the effect of age on susceptibility to acute death syndrome (ADS). A
      progressive increase in ADS resistance was seen in the 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week
      old age groups. This study indicates that the age of mice used to test the
      virulence of R. tsutsugamushi strains may be an important consideration,
      especially when testing the ip lethality of strains of reduced virulence.

PMID- 6819372
TI  - Serologic analysis of scrub typhus isolates from the Pescadores and Philippine
      Islands.

PMID- 6819373
TI  - [Catabolic stress to nitrogen (N) metabolism and essential amino acid (EAA)
      supplementation in hemodialysis (HD)].

PMID- 6819374
TI  - Effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine and baclofen on the spinal polysynaptic
      reflex in acute, chronic and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated spinal rats.
AB  - Effects of the drugs affecting monoaminergic neurotransmission were examined on
      the spinal polysynaptic reflex (PSR) in anesthetized spinal rats. Chlorpromazine
      HCI (0.5-2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and baclofen (0.63-2.5 mg/kg) depressed and imipramine
      HCI (1.25-5.0 mg/kg) increased the amplitude of PSR in acute spinal animals,
      recorded as evoked electromyogram in the gastrocnemius muscle by electrical
      stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. However, chlorpromazine and imipramine
      showed effects neither on PSR in chronic spinal rats, nor in acute spinal rats
      with the intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, which caused
      depletion of the spinal noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, and selective
      depletion of the spinal noradrenaline, respectively. Baclofen depressed the
      amplitude of PSR in both preparations with almost the same potency as that in
      acute spinal ones. Imipramine HCI (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.), chlorpromazine HCI (1.0
      mg/kg) and baclofen (1.25 mg/kg) depressed the mono- and polysynaptic heights of
      the ventral root potentials in acute spinal rats. However, their depression of
      polysynaptic height was not so strong. These observations strongly suggest that,
      at the receptor sites on spinal interneurons where the descending monoaminergic
      neurons terminate, spinal monoamines, especially noradrenaline, are involved in
      PSR modification by chlorpromazine and imipramine, but not in PSR depression by
      baclofen.

PMID- 6819375
TI  - Drug interaction of antitumor drugs. III. Antitumor activity of tegafur in
      lipopolysaccharide-treated mice.
AB  - The effect of lipopolysaccharide (obtained from Escherichia coli, LPS) on the
      antitumor activity, acute toxicity and metabolism of tegafur was investigated in
      mice in comparison with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). It was found that the intravenous
      administration of LPS (1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to tegafur decreased the
      antitumor activity of tegafur against the solid form of Sarcoma 180. On the acute
      toxicity of tegafur or 5-FU, the lethality of the former was decreased and that
      of the latter was enhanced by the pretreatment with LPS 24 hr before. In LPS
      treated mice, after the administration of tegafur, the level of tegafur in plasma
      was higher and the elevated level maintained longer than in untreated mice; and a
      small amount of 5-FU was released. A high level of 5-FU in plasma after the
      administration of 5-FU was also observed in LPS-treated mice. In the liver and
      kidneys of LPS-treated mice, the level of 5-FU after the administration of
      tegafur or 5-FU was higher, and its conversion of 5-FU to fluorouridine (FUR) was
      lower than that of control mice. On the other hand, LPS inhibited significantly
      the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes 24 hr after. It can, therefore, be presumed
      that the antitumor activity of tegafur was affected with LPS as a result of
      inhibition of conversion from tegafur to 5-FU or from 5-FU to FUR mainly
      according to depression in the hepatic drug-metabolism.

PMID- 6819376
TI  - Binding experiments of muscarinic acetylcholine and dopamine receptors in human
      brains with emphasis on a case of striatonigral degeneration.
AB  - In the regional distribution of I-3H-quinuclindinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) binding in
      human brains of neurologically unaffected cases, it was highest in the caudate
      nucleus which was followed by the putamen, amygdala, cerebral corteces and
      olfactory bulb and lowest in the substantia nigra. As to the regional
      distribution of 3H-spiroperidol binding in human control brains, it was highest
      in the caudate nucleus and was followed by the cerebral corteces, amygdala and
      lowest in the cerebellar cortex. In a case of striatonigral degeneration (SND),
      3H-QNB binding in the putamen and thalamus was lowered and 3H-spiroperidol
      binding was decreased in the putamen, frontal and parietal corteces, Ammon's
      horn, amygdala and substantia nigra as compared to human brains of control cases.
      These results were noteworthy since no pathological changes were observed in the
      thalamus, cerebral corteces, amygdala and Ammon's horn in this case. The 3H
      spiroperidol binding was increased by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      into the substantia nigra of rat brains by 17% as compared to the contralateral
      intact side. Conversely, 3H-spiroperidol binding was decreased by injection of
      kainic acid (KA) into the striatum of rat brains by 43% as compared to the
      contralateral intact side. This meant that dopamine receptors labelled by 3H
      spiroperidol were at least partially localized at the postsynaptic site of the
      nigrostriatal dopamine neuron.

PMID- 6819377
TI  - Blood gas and acid-base values in the coccygeal artery of Holstein-Friesian cows.

PMID- 6819378
TI  - [Pathological studies of tuberculosis and their prospect].

PMID- 6819379
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis--(b). Excretion of atypical
      mycobacterium].

PMID- 6819380
TI  - Antituberculous effects of certain indole derivatives.

PMID- 6819381
TI  - Parathyroid function in persistent hyperparathyroidism: relationship to gland
      size.
AB  - The release of parathyroid hormone in experimental animals is related inversely
      to the plasma calcium concentration. The relevance, though, of these observations
      to the dynamics of parathyroid function in normal and hyperparathyroid humans is
      uncertain. We assessed the in vivo parathyroid hormone response to changes in
      extracellular calcium in 8 normal subjects and 15 patients with persistent
      hyperparathyroidism following renal transplantation. In 12 hyperparathyroid
      patients, the hormone response was related to their total gland size measured at
      the time of their parathyroidectomy. Plasma ionized calcium, magnesium, and
      parathyroid hormone concentrations were measured in the basal state and during a
      2-hr infusion of EDTA (50 mg/kg), and a 4-hr calcium infusion (15 mg/kg). The
      parathyroid function curves of both groups of subjects (P less than 0.001) fit a
      log-linear relationship. The slopes of the respective parathyroid function curves
      were similar, although the hyperparathyroid curve was shifted to the right (P
      less than 0.0001). Gland size was not predicted by basal PTH levels; however, it
      did correlate with changes in parathyroid hormone induced by EDTA (P less than
      0.001) and calcium (P less than 0.001). We conclude that the in vivo sensitivity
      of hyperplastic glands to changes in plasma calcium is maintained. The excessive
      secretion of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in chief cell hyperplasia
      primarily reflects total gland mass. Our results indicate that the assessment of
      the dynamics of parathyroid response, rather than measurements of static plasma
      parathyroid hormone and calcium concentrations, should be further investigated as
      a more rational application of radioimmunoassays in the evaluation of the
      parathyroid axis.

PMID- 6819382
TI  - [Use of lithium carbonate in the combined surgical treatment of toxic goiter].

PMID- 6819383
TI  - [Hematology and the clinical aspects of internal medicine].

PMID- 6819384
TI  - [Addiction is divided yearning].

PMID- 6819385
TI  - [Social background of drug consumption].

PMID- 6819387
TI  - [What are the prospects in drug prophylaxis?].

PMID- 6819386
TI  - [Drug abuse, alcohol, nicotine and drug consumption].

PMID- 6819388
TI  - [Therapy possibilities and forms for drug addicts].

PMID- 6819389
TI  - [Closing remarks at the Operating Room congress].

PMID- 6819390
TI  - [Conversation guidance and conversation analysis illustrated with a case example 
      alcoholic patient].

PMID- 6819391
TI  - [Accommodation and treatment of drug addicts].

PMID- 6819392
TI  - [Legal commitment in a regional mental health center].

PMID- 6819393
TI  - [Training for abstinence in an abstinent group].

PMID- 6819394
TI  - [Help for addicts: the model of the Daytop Homes].

PMID- 6819395
TI  - [New method in the treatment of addicts: brief therapy].

PMID- 6819396
TI  - [Drug education].

PMID- 6819397
TI  - [Alcoholism in pregnancy].

PMID- 6819399
TI  - [Peace education from childhood on. Observations of a young mother].

PMID- 6819398
TI  - [What is homeopathy?].

PMID- 6819400
TI  - [Renewal through life's crises. A way to inner peace].

PMID- 6819401
TI  - [Peace observations for World Health theme 1982. Give life to years - give years
      to life].

PMID- 6819403
TI  - [Harmonious with each other in the hospital].

PMID- 6819402
TI  - [Growing older--remaining active].

PMID- 6819404
TI  - [Health care in disaster, discord and defense conditions].

PMID- 6819405
TI  - [The effect of the living environment on the condition of nursing home
      residents].

PMID- 6819406
TI  - Effects of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on blood levels of luteinizing hormone
      and follicle stimulating hormone in rabbits.
AB  - The effect of injection of an anesthetic dose of ketamine (70mg/kg) followed by
      xylazine (5mg/kg) on blood levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating
      hormone was measured in female rabbits. The drug combination caused a measurable
      suppression of follicle stimulating hormone levels in both castrated does and
      during the postovulatory follicle stimulating hormone surge in mated rabbits.
      Blood luteinizing hormone was low in these two animal model systems and was not
      further suppressed by ketamine-xylazine injections. When mated rabbits were
      injected with the drugs immediately postcoitum, ovulation and the preovulatory
      surge of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone failed to occur in
      two of six treated animals. The results of these studies showed that ketamine
      xylazine injections suppressed certain episodes of gonadotropin release in the
      female rabbit. However, the suppression was transitory and without apparent
      permanent effect.

PMID- 6819407
TI  - Serology of Pasteurella multocida in laboratory rabbits: a review.
AB  - Current concepts of the structure of the capsule and cell wall of gram negative
      bacteria and the role of these substances on the serologic classification of
      bacteria were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on the methods used to serotype
      Pasteurella multocida as developed from studies on isolates from various animal
      species and the application of these methods in serotyping isolates of
      Pasteurella multocida from laboratory rabbits. Evidence was presented that the
      indirect hemagglutination test used to identify "capsular" types A, B, D, and E
      is based on the interaction of antibody with type specific lipopolysaccharide and
      is therefore a test for somatic rather than capsular materials. It also was
      observed that several rabbit isolates were not serologically typable by currently
      available reagents. Commonly used techniques to obtain relatively homogeneous
      bacterial extracts were discussed, and the need to characterize the extracts of
      Pasteurella multocida from rabbits both chemically and immunologically was
      emphasized.

PMID- 6819408
TI  - Development of a marmoset colony in Australia.
AB  - A breeding nucleus of 15 pairs of Callithrix jacchus jacchus was imported from an
      established colony in the United Kingdom in 1978, and these have now multiplied
      to 137 animals. Good reproductive efficiency and growth rates have occurred in
      this colony, with minimal problems from diseases of nutritional or infectious
      origin. One episode of cessation of breeding and abortions was attributed to
      excessive noise and disturbance of the normal routine.

PMID- 6819410
TI  - Economics of the fitness industries. The Canadian scene since 1966.

PMID- 6819409
TI  - Chemical analysis of human blood for assessment of environmental exposure to
      semivolatile organochlorine chemical contaminants.
AB  - A chemical method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticide
      residues present in human blood was scaled-up to provide increased sensitivity
      and extended to include organochlorine industrial chemicals. Whole blood samples
      were extracted with hexane, concentrated, and analyzed without further cleanup by
      gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The methodology used was
      validated by conducting recovery studies at 1 and 10 ng/g (ppb) levels. Screening
      and confirmational analyses were performed by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry on samples collected from potentially exposed residents of the Love
      Canal area of Niagara Falls, New York and from volunteers in the Research
      Triangle Park area of North Carolina for 25 specific semivolatile organochlorine
      contaminants including chlorobenzene and chlorotoluene congeners, hexachloro-1,3
      butadiene, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls as Aroclor 1260.
      Dichlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane residues fell
      in the range of 0.1 to 26 ppb in a high percentage of both the field and
      volunteer blood samples analyzed. Levels of other organochlorine compounds were
      either non-detectable or present in sub-ppb ranges.

PMID- 6819411
TI  - [The effect of thyroliberin on progesterone in pregnancy].

PMID- 6819412
TI  - Nurse-midwifery: a developing profession.

PMID- 6819413
TI  - Progress in defining the immunobiological events behind HLA and disease
      associations.

PMID- 6819414
TI  - [What should one believe about Blastocystis hominis?].

PMID- 6819415
TI  - [Association of Waldenstrom's and Paget's diseases (review of the literature in
      relation to 1 case)].

PMID- 6819416
TI  - [Coma in ketoacidosis: signs, diagnosis, and treatment].

PMID- 6819417
TI  - [Use of sodium valproate in the treatment of petit mal].

PMID- 6819418
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: 3 years' experience].

PMID- 6819419
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of the hypopharyngeal diverticulum: 211 cases.
AB  - It is somewhat surprising that endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngeal diverticula
      has failed to become as widely known as the method merits in our opinion. In
      principle we use the Dohlman procedure. The septum between diverticulum and
      esophageal lumen is divided with a diathermic knife after electrocoagulation. In
      larger diverticula we prefer to divide the tissue bridge in several sessions.
      Endoscopic treatment (under local anesthesia, if necessary) can be carried out in
      patients whose general condition is poor. From 1964 until 1980 we have
      endoscopically treated 211 patients, including 6 patients with a recurrent
      diverticulum after transcutaneous surgery. The complication rate is low and the
      complications were successfully controlled except in 1 patient, who died from
      cardiac failure 2 days after operation. Ultimately 193 patients (91.5%) are very
      satisfied and 17 patients (8%) are fairly satisfied with the therapeutic result.
      We feel justified in maintaining that endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngeal
      diverticula can be regarded as a good method of treatment.

PMID- 6819420
TI  - Respiratory responses to opiates applied to the medullary ventral surface.
AB  - The participation of the medullary structures in the total respiratory effect of
      opiates was studied by restricting the access of the delta-agonist D-ala2-D-leu5
      enkephalin and the mu-agonist D-ala2-Me-Phe4-Met (O) ol5-enkephalin, to the
      ventral medullary surface, and by comparing their responses with those induced
      after i.c.v. administration. The medullary structures were more resistant to the
      overall depressant action. The opioids in the medulla depressed preferentially
      the tidal volume and the CO2-responsivity whereas the i.c.v. injections affected
      severely the frequency. No qualitative differences were found between the effects
      of the delta- and mu-agonist. It is concluded that both, medullary and
      supramedullary structures are involved in the respiratory response to opiates,
      but they participate with unique functions in the overall respiratory effect.

PMID- 6819421
TI  - Naloxone reversal of ischemic neurologic deficits in baboons is not mediated by
      systemic effects.

PMID- 6819422
TI  - Mechanism of action of TRH: involvement of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) response
      in the action of TRH in rat anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - In order to further investigate the molecular basis for the action of TRH,
      experiments were performed to examine the ability of rat anterior pituitary cells
      to incorporate [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids in response to the
      neurohormone. Addition of 0.1 microM TRH rapidly stimulates the
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) response. The incorporation of radioactivity into PA
      and PI is increased as early as in 2 and 5 min after TRH addition, respectively,
      and reaches 40 and 140% above control, respectively, at 20 min. By contrast, 0.1
      microM somatostatin is inactive. TRH exerts its stimulatory effect at an ED50
      value of ca. 10 nM. The present results suggest that the PI response is an early
      event associated with the action of TRH in the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 6819423
TI  - Characteristics of the formation of the platelet lipoxygenase product from
      endogenous arachidonic acid.
AB  - The concentration of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) formed in rat
      platelets aggregated by collagen suspension increased continuously during a 115
      min incubation period, whereas the concentration of TXB2 or PGF2 alpha reached
      the maximum within 3 min and stayed at the plateau for the remaining incubation
      period. These data indicate that platelet lipoxygenase is not completely
      inactivated as is cyclooxygenase by the oxidizing agent. Platelets of essential
      fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats resuspended in plasma of control rats produced
      more 12-HETE than platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of EFAD rats, whereas platelets of
      control rats resuspended in plasma of EFAD rats formed less 12-HETE than PRP of
      control rats. However, the concentration of TXB2 or PGF2 alpha produced was not
      changed in both cases implying that platelet cyclooxygenase preferentially
      utilizes arachidonic acid (AA) derived from platelet lipids. Radioactivity of
      phosphatidylcholine (2-arachidonyl-1-14C) suspended in the plasma of PRP was
      incorporated into 12-HETE but not to TXB2, indicating again that only
      lipoxygenase can utilize AA derived from plasma phospholipids. The significance
      of this observation is that the effects of platelet lipoxygenase products,
      although their physiological roles are not known, would be much more persistent
      than cyclooxygenase products after platelets are stimulated or aggregated in
      vivo.

PMID- 6819424
TI  - Developmental genetics of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutation in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Purified RNA polymerase II (RNA nucleotidyl-transferase; EC 2.7.7.6) extracted
      from flies possessing lesions in the Ultrabithorax-like (Ubl) locus of Drosophila
      melanogaster has altered activity in vitro (Greenleaf et al. 1979, 1980; Coulter
      and Greenleaf 1982). This strongly suggests that the Ubl locus encodes a subunit
      of RNA polymerase II. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used to induce a temperature
      sensitive mutation in this locus. Flies either homozygous or hemizygous for this
      new X-linked mutation (Ublts) display viability comparable to that of wild-type
      flies at 22 degrees C but are lethal at 29 degrees C. The temperature-sensitive
      period for Ublts flies is between gastrulation (6 h, 29 degrees C) and pupation
      (9-10 days, 22 degrees C). Zygotes shifted from 22 degrees C to 29 degrees C die
      at either the late embryonic or first larval instar stage while temperature
      shifts of second and third instar larvae result in the lethal phase occurring at
      the pupal stage. Most pupae shifted from 22 degrees C to 29 degrees C undergo
      metamorphosis and eclose as adults. Adults are viable if placed at 29 degrees C;
      however, all females and some males become sterile if maintained at this
      temperature. Somatic recombination was used to induce clones homozygous for a
      null allele of Ubl at different stages of development. Clones of this null allele
      appear to be cell lethal indicating that the Ubl+ gene product is required at all
      stages of development. The viability of Ublts pupae and adults at 29 degrees C
      may result from only a partial reduction in activity caused by the mutation at
      this nonpermissive temperature.

PMID- 6819425
TI  - Paternal transmission of entire compounds of chromosome two in Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - In Drosophila melanogaster, entire compound second chromosomes (2R2L . 2L2R)
      consist of the entire amount of genetic material normally found on separate
      homologues, as well as significant amounts of heterochromatin derived from the Y
      chromosome, joined to a single centromere. Genetic analysis demonstrates that
      information carried upon the Y chromosome influences the rate of transmission of
      the compound in the male.

PMID- 6819426
TI  - Conjugation-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli distinguish classes of
      functions of the outer membrane OmpA protein.
AB  - Sixty-two E. coli mutants, selected as being deficient as recipients in F factor
      conjugation, are altered either in the amount or function of the outer membrane
      OmpA protein or in lipopolysaccharide structure. These two components may
      function together in conjugation, since the residual conjugation activity of a
      mutant lacking OmpA protein was unaffected by the additional presence of a
      lipopolysaccharide defect. Sixty of the strains carried mutations mapping to
      ompA, and these could be divided into classes depending on the amount of OmpA
      protein in their membranes. Representatives of these classes of mutant alleles
      failed to complement in diploids, indicating that they all affect the ompA
      structural gene and nearby sequences needed for its expression. The properties of
      these classes distinguish three groups of OmpA protein functions: 1) the
      structural function in the outer membrane in providing resistance to chelating
      agents and the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin, 2) the receptor functions in
      phage TuII and K3 infection, and 3) the functions of binding cells together
      during conjugation, facilitating the uptake of receptor-bound colicin K or L, and
      allowing phage Ox2 to infect. Different cellular amounts or sites in OmpA protein
      are thus required for these three groups of functions.

PMID- 6819427
TI  - Influence of the rho-15 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation on the expression of
      the deo-operon in Escherichia coli.
AB  - In the rho-15 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant deo-operon enzymes show no
      sensitivity to catabolite repression and are not derepressed under the influence
      of a constitutive regulatory mutation, cytR. These data suggest that intact Rho
      protein along with CRP protein is necessary for a catabolite sensitive deo-operon
      promoter cytP to work. In addition, there are data suggesting that Rho-factor and
      CRP-protein interact with each other in regulation of the deo-operon. Thus, in
      studies of the effect of the rho-15 (ts) and crp mutations, maximum deo-enzyme
      levels have been found in the double rho-15 (ts) crp mutant, and therefore intact
      Rho-protein in the crp genome or intact CRP-protein on the rho-15 (ts) background
      seems to be an obstacle for the deoP promoter in the deo-operon. In rho-15 (ts) a
      relative increase has been observed in the enzyme activity for a distal purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase gene with respect to a proximal thymidine phosphorylase
      gene. However in crp, the rho-15 (ts) mutation has no effect on the polarity
      gradient, that is on the background of impaired CRP protein Rho-factor does not
      seem to work as a transcription terminator within the operon.

PMID- 6819428
TI  - Structure of ribosomes and ribosomal subunits of Drosophila.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Drosophila melanogaster cytoplasmic ribosomal subunits and
      monomers have been examined by electron microscopy. The Drosophila ribosomal
      structures are compared to those determined for other eucaryotes and E. coli.
      Negatively contrasted images of 60S subunits are seen in the most frequent view
      to be approximately round particles about 280 A in diameter. About 35% of the
      particles present a single prominent projection which we call the 60S peak. The
      peak emanates from a flattened region of the 60S subunit. The maximum observed
      length of the 60S peak is approximately 90 A. The Drosophila 60S peak is highly
      reminiscent of the E. coli L7/L12 stalk. The Drosophila 40S subunit is an
      elongated, slightly bent particle which measures 280 X 170 X 160 A. It bears a
      strong resemblance to small ribosomal subunits of other eucaryotes and is
      strikingly similar to the E. coli 30S subunit. Micrographs of 80S monomeric
      ribosomes show the long axis of the 40S to be parallel and in apparent contact
      with the flattened region of 60S subunit. The 60S peak appears to bisect the long
      axis of the 40S subunit. The 40S subunit seems to be oriented in the monomeric
      ribosome so that the 40S projection is toward the body of the large subunit.
      Comparison of our data with similar studies in different organisms indicates that
      the eucaryotic large ribosomal subunits exhibit morphological heterogeneity while
      the small subunits remain remarkably similar.

PMID- 6819429
TI  - Butyrate sensitive suppressor of position-effect variegation mutations in
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Mutations at a locus on chromosome II of D. melanogaster suppressing position
      effect variegation mutations have been identified which display recessive
      butyrate sensitivity. Survival of homozygous mutant flies is significantly
      reduced on medium containing sodium n-butyrate. The butyrate sensitive suppressor
      mutations are further characterized by recessive female sterility and reduced
      survival of homozygotes. Complementation analysis showed their allelism. The
      locus of these mutations, Su-var (2) 1, has been localized to 40.5 +/- 0.2 and,
      by using interstitial duplications, to region 31CD on the cytogenetic map.
      Moreover, the mutant alleles of the Su-var (2) 1 locus display a lethal
      interaction with the heterochromatic Y chromosome. The presence or absence of a Y
      chromosome in males or females has a strong influence on the viability of
      homozygous or transheterozygous suppressor flies. All the genetic properties of
      Su-var (2) 1 mutants suggest strongly that this locus affects chromosome
      condensation.

PMID- 6819431
TI  - Peptide fragments of the his4 trifunctional protein from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Labile altered forms of the his4 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were
      studied in extracts of mutant strains or in extracts subjected to proteolysis.
      Fragments of the his4 protein were detected by immunoautoradiography in high salt
      extracts of his4 deletion strains having histidinol dehydrogenase activity but
      lacking two of the other enzyme activities associated with the trifunctional his4
      protein. A form of the protein altered by proteolysis was also detected in low
      salt crude extracts by immunodiffusion and shown to possess histidinol
      dehydrogenase function by activity staining of the precipitin lines. These
      immunological data indicated that histidinol dehydrogenase can function
      independently of the other two activities in extracts of deletion strains or in
      extracts where the wild type his4 protein has undergone proteolytic cleavage. The
      data also indicated that high concentration in (NH4)2SO4 had a substantial
      stabilizing effect on the his4 protein and on fragments of the his4 protein from
      mutant strains.

PMID- 6819430
TI  - Initiation of recombination during transformation of Bacillus subtilis requires
      no extensive homologous sequences.
AB  - Lysates obtained shortly after entry of transforming DNA to Bacillus subtilis
      contain donor-recipient DNA complexes, in which the donor moiety is associated
      with the recipient DNA in an unstable way. The complexes could be artificially
      stabilized by crosslinking with 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen. The unstable complexes
      dissociated upon helix-destabilizing treatments, such as heating at 70 degrees C,
      and CsCl gradient centrifugation at pH 11.2, but remained stable during CsCl
      gradient centrifugation at pH 10. Donor-recipient DNA complexes were not formed
      after entry of heterologous pUB110 DNA. These observations suggest that base
      pairing is involved in the unstable association. The donor moiety of the unstable
      complexes was completely, or almost completely, digestible by nuclease S1,
      indicating that the donor and recipient base-sequences are only paired over very
      short distances. The unstable donor-recipient DNA complexes are true
      recombination intermediates because (i) strain 7G224 (recE4) was impaired in the
      formation of the unstable complexes, and (ii) the unstable complexes were rapidly
      converted to stable complexes in recombination proficient strains, whereas their
      conversion was delayed in the recombination deficient strain 7G84. Unstable
      complexes were also formed with Escherichia coli donor DNA, but to a lesser
      extent. Apparently a limited degree of base-sequence homology is sufficient to
      initiate recombination.

PMID- 6819432
TI  - Distribution of serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis in the Federal Republic of
      Germany, 1979-1981.

PMID- 6819433
TI  - Scatter dose decrement values for rectangular fields.
AB  - The scatter dose decrement value (SDV) has been studied by calculational methods
      for 60Co gamma and 4- and 8-MV x-ray beams of rectangular cross section. In a
      principal plane and inside the field, the SDV is nearly independent of field
      size, energy, and depth when the position of the point considered is expressed as
      the fractional distance to the field edge. From this, it follows that the scatter
      dose profiles are quite similar in planes parallel to a principal plane. A second
      corollary is that the SDV for an arbitrary point approximately equals the product
      of the two SDV values for the projected points in the principal planes. Outside
      the field, the SDV loses this independence of the various beam conditions, and as
      a consequence thereof, the "product rule" leads to errors. Mathematical
      expressions have been derived for the SDV inside and outside small fields. The
      errors resulting when these small-field formulas are used for large fields have
      been studied. Expressed as fractions of the total dose on the centerline, these
      errors are of the order of +/- 1% inside the field and +/- 2% outside.

PMID- 6819434
TI  - Phosphorus activation neutron dosimetry and its application to an 18-MV
      radiotherapy accelerator.
AB  - Neutron fluxes and dose rates in and near the 18-MV x-ray beam of a Therac-20
      accelerator were determined with measured activities from the nuclear reactions
      31P(n, rho)31Si (fast neutrons) and 31P(n, gamma)32P (thermal neutrons),
      published cross sections, and neutron energy spectra from Monte Carlo
      calculations. Measurements were made in the patient plane in air and at a 10-cm
      depth in a tissue-similar phantom, and in a plane containing the x-ray target.
      Orthophosphoric acid solution was identified as a suitable and convenient
      phosphorus dosimeter material. In the 31P activation method, fluxes and dose
      rates are determined as the product of measured saturation activity per 31P atom
      and a conversion factor, which depends on the shape of the assumed neutron
      spectrum. For fast neutrons, which deliver most of the dose, the accuracy error
      in the saturation activity determinations was shown to be approximately less than
      25%. An inconsistency resulting from neglect of the accelerator's adjustable
      collimator in the Monte Carlo calculations was demonstrated between the measured
      saturation activities and the theoretical neutron spectra. The maximum neutron
      dose equivalent rate observed was 5.9 mSv/Gy of x-ray absorbed dose at the
      accelerator calibration point. Surface dose equivalent rates of the present study
      are less than those of fluxmeter and remmeter studies at sites outside Therac-20
      treatment fields by as much as factors of 2.4 and 2.8, respectively. The phantom
      study showed that at 18 MV internally produced neutrons have a negligible effect
      on the neutron field within the patient.

PMID- 6819435
TI  - The dose contribution due to photonuclear reactions during radiotherapy.
AB  - The dose equivalent due to photonuclear reactions within a patient irradiated
      with 24-MeV bremsstrahlung has been calculated to be about 1% of the photon dose.
      This is more than two times smaller than the previously accepted estimate.

PMID- 6819436
TI  - Computer-controlled direct TMR measurement.
AB  - It is common practice to derive tissue maximum ratios (TMRs) indirectly by
      calculation from percent depth dose (PDD) data which are more convenient to
      measure using currently available automated scanners. A system has been
      developed, however, for the completely automatic direct measurement of TMR, using
      an ionization chamber which is rigidly supported at the isocenter of a
      teletherapy machine. The chamber is immersed in a water phantom which is moved up
      and down by computer control of the motorized treatment couch. Ionization current
      is sampled by the computer which simultaneously regulates both the radiation
      field size and chamber depth. This system provides a means of rapidly measuring
      and processing complete sets of TMR and output factor values for both square and
      elongated field shapes. The results of such measurements performed on the Clinac
      18 accelerator are described in this paper.

PMID- 6819439
TI  - Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among patients with
      hemophilia A.

PMID- 6819438
TI  - Alcohol-related highway fatalities among young drivers--United States.

PMID- 6819437
TI  - [Viral hepatitis in the field of dentistry. I. The risk for health workers].

PMID- 6819440
TI  - Possible transfusion-associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) -
      California.

PMID- 6819441
TI  - Update: influenza virus A(H3N2) isolations - United States.

PMID- 6819442
TI  - Outbreak of Salmonella oranienburg infection - Norway.

PMID- 6819443
TI  - Outbreak of measles following an imported case--Florida.

PMID- 6819444
TI  - Update, influenza activity--United States and Canada.

PMID- 6819445
TI  - Unexplained immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections in infants--New York,
      New Jersey, California.

PMID- 6819446
TI  - Exposure-related hypothermia deaths--District of Columbia, 1972-1982.

PMID- 6819447
TI  - Prevention of secondary cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.

PMID- 6819448
TI  - Shigellosis--United States, 1981.

PMID- 6819449
TI  - Disseminated vaccinia infection in a college student--Tennessee.

PMID- 6819450
TI  - Compendium of animal rabies vaccines, 1983.

PMID- 6819451
TI  - Public health impact of a snow disaster.

PMID- 6819452
TI  - Influenza update--United States.

PMID- 6819453
TI  - Biochemical and immunological analysis of an abundant form of glutathione S
      transferase, in mouse testis.
AB  - One of the major forms of glutathione S-transferase (designated as Ft
      transferase) has been identified and purified to near homogeneity from mouse
      testis. The purification was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and the preparative
      isoelectric focusing. Purified Ft transferase has an isoelectric point of 4.9 +/-
      0.3 and was shown to be a homodimer with a native molecular weight of about
      50000. Immunologically, antisera to Ft transferase do not crossreact with F2 or
      F3 transferase. However, a weak cross reactivity was observed between the
      antisera to F3 transferase and FT transferase. Biochemical properties of purified
      Ft transferase are similar to those transferases isolated from mouse liver.
      Tissue distributions of the multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase were
      examined by column isoelectric focusing of various mouse tissue homogenates. It
      was found that mouse Ft transferase is present only in testis as a major form and
      in brain as a minor form, but not in other tissues that were examined.

PMID- 6819454
TI  - Modulation of the plasminogen activator activity of a transformed cell line by
      cell density.
AB  - The effects of variations in cell density on the expression of the plasminogen
      activator activity of a tumorigenic rat cell line were analyzed. At low cell
      densities, the plasminogen activator activity per cell was high and independent
      of cell density. As the cell density increased, the plasminogen activator
      activity per cell decreased until it eventually became inversely proportional to
      cell density. Inhibition of the plasminogen activator activity per cell by
      increases in cell density was not the result of the presence of a soluble
      inhibitor but seemed to require cell-to-cell contact. The V(max) per cell for the
      activation of plasminogen changed at high cell densities, but the K(m) did not
      change. This change in the V(max) per cell was in part the result of a change in
      the catalytic rate constant for the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. This
      was inferred from studies on the kinetics of inhibition of plasminogen activator
      activity by diisopropyl fluorophosphate as a function of cell density. For cells
      growing at high densities, the rate of inhibition was constant, exhibiting a
      second-order rate constant of 2.6 x 10(-2)M(-1) s(-1). For cells growing at low
      densities, the plasminogen activator activity was inhibited at two different
      rates, one exhibiting a second-order rate constant of 2.6 x 10(-2)M(-1) s(-1) and
      the other exhibiting a second-order rate constant of 9.4 x 10(-2)M(-1) s(-1). We
      discuss the importance of cell density in assays of the plasminogen activator
      activity of cells, the use of this cell line to study the biochemical basis of
      the density dependence of plasminogen activator activity, and the density
      dependent role of plasminogen activator activity in tumor formation and
      metastasis.

PMID- 6819455
TI  - Structural heterogeneity of murine IgD during ontogeny.
AB  - We have studied the expression of the two membrane delta heavy chains (delta 1
      and delta 2) and the two native IgD structures (IgDI and IgDII) in neonatal mice.
      Both delta-chains appear simultaneously during development and neonatal mice,
      like adults, express equal amounts of delta 1 and delta 2. IgDI and IgDII also
      appear simultaneously during ontogeny and in the same ratio as expressed by adult
      mice of the same strain. Thus, when IgD first appears during ontogeny it shows
      the same structural heterogeneity as observed in adult mice.

PMID- 6819456
TI  - Light-chain diversification during pre-B cell differentiation.
AB  - The possibility that a committed normal pre-B cell can generate progeny
      expressing more than one light chain was studied by isoelectric focusing of
      supernatants from pre-B cells cultured at limiting dilution. Supernatants from
      mitogen-stimulated mature spleen B-cells analysed on day 6 have shown the
      presence of a rather homogeneous IgM spectrotype profile. Supernatants from the 8
      10-day cultures were usually negative. Isoelectric focusing profiles of
      supernatants from cultures of bone marrow pre-B cells were different from those
      of mature spleen cells. Many IgM spectrotypes appeared in the culture
      supernatants of bone marrow pre-B cells between days 6 and 13, whether the
      cultures were negative or restricted in their IgM profiles on day 6. These
      results support the idea that normal pre-B cells, during differentiation, can
      associate a variety of light chains with an already chosen mu heavy chain.

PMID- 6819457
TI  - [Respiratory insufficiency following central respiratory disorder].

PMID- 6819458
TI  - [Ileus of the large intestine caused by ischuria paradoxa].

PMID- 6819459
TI  - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in adults].

PMID- 6819460
TI  - [The status of clinical interferon studies in the German Federal Republic].

PMID- 6819461
TI  - [Heroin disease. Its significance during pregnancy and the early development of
      the child].

PMID- 6819462
TI  - [Diagnostic value of instant urine tests. Comparison with a microscopic method
      used in urologic patients].

PMID- 6819463
TI  - [Injection of a depot glucocorticoid in asthmatic patients. Changes in the
      biochemical parameters and clinical symptoms].

PMID- 6819464
TI  - [FTA-ABS test].

PMID- 6819465
TI  - [Suicide prevention and humane dying].

PMID- 6819466
TI  - [Efficacy of cancer screening examination in women].

PMID- 6819467
TI  - [Exposure to cadmium in South Bavaria].

PMID- 6819469
TI  - [Fatal electrical accidents in the home and their misdiagnosis].

PMID- 6819468
TI  - [Antibodies against Echinococcus multilocularis. Serologic studies].

PMID- 6819470
TI  - [Accuracy of the procedures for determining tuberculosis bacteria].

PMID- 6819471
TI  - [What to do when a stroke is imminent].

PMID- 6819472
TI  - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism--renal osteopathy].

PMID- 6819474
TI  - [Archbacteria: living traces of primeval times].

PMID- 6819473
TI  - [Anatomy of a cancer gene. Genesis of tumor genes due to smallest genetic
      changes].

PMID- 6819475
TI  - [Acceptance of hormonal contraception versus intrauterine pessaries. Comparison
      of 515 women on hormonal contraceptives with 198 women using IUDs].

PMID- 6819476
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the radial nerve following fractures of the humerus.
      Etiology, prognosis, therapy].

PMID- 6819477
TI  - [Symptomatic depressions in internal diseases].

PMID- 6819478
TI  - [Digital substraction angiography of the carotid arteries].

PMID- 6819479
TI  - [Hirsutism].

PMID- 6819480
TI  - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. I. The enhanced
      X-ray sensitivity of a mutant strain (ebony) which is UV-sensitive and also
      deficient in photorepair.

PMID- 6819481
TI  - Decreased viscosity of rat-liver DNA treated by 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene, detected with a new viscometric approach.
AB  - DNA damage induced in vivo by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'CH3DAB) was
      investigated with 2 differently sensitive techniques: the alkaline elution assay
      and the viscometric measurement of DNA damage. 3'CH3DAB appeared to be falsely
      negative with the alkaline elution assay, whereas with the viscometric approach,
      which is about 30-50 times more sensitive, it appeared positive, and the DNA
      damage was dose-dependent.

PMID- 6819482
TI  - [Virus-induced liver diseases in humans. I. Viral hepatitis].
AB  - Although many viral agents may be associated with inflammatory hepatic changes,
      the vast majority of clinically important viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis
      A, hepatitis B and the non A, non B agents. Infection of the liver of man by
      these hepatotropic agents is still a major public health problem in all parts of
      the world and constitutes a major hazard of the transfusion of blood and plasma
      derivatives. The magnitude of this hepatitis problem is not only documented by
      the about 200 million carriers of the hepatitis-B virus throughout the world,
      many of them asymptomatic, but also by the fact, that hepatitis B and non A, non
      B may progress to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and probably primary
      liver cancer. Potentially important pathogenetic determinants include viral
      factors such as subtype, dosage and mode of transmission and host factors such as
      age, sex, preexisting liver disease, coexisting non-liver disease (diabetes
      etc.), genetics and immune response to viral or autoantigens. As the virus itself
      seems not directly cytopathic, the diversity of lesions has been attributed to
      variation in the capacity of the host's response.

PMID- 6819483
TI  - Detection of schizonts in a chicken recovered from experimental infection with
      Leucocytozoon caulleryi.

PMID- 6819484
TI  - Human melanoma cell lines: morphology, growth, and alpha-mannosidase
      characteristics.
AB  - Four human melanoma cell lines were characterized by evaluation of the
      morphology, ultrastructure, cytogenetics, plating efficiency, agar colony
      formation and alpha-mannosidase values. Biochemical studies demonstrate that all
      studied lines produced alpha-mannosidase even under condition of long-term in
      vitro growth. All respective lines were characterized by a great variations in
      biological markers studied and very few reliable comparisons could be obtained as
      regards the proliferation activity and capacity, cellular composition and
      clonogenic potential as well. Due to cellular selections during long-term in
      vitro cultivation, the range for using these experimental systems as models for
      the study of biology of human malignant melanoma seems to be rather limited.

PMID- 6819485
TI  - Mutagenic effects of two nitrofuran food preservatives.
AB  - Two structurally related food additives, 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5-NFAA)
      and 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) showed a marked mutagenic
      effect on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 and Escherichia coli WP2
      uvrA+ and WP2 uvrA. On the molar basis 5-NFAA was about two orders of magnitude
      less effective than AF-2. In Salmonella typhimurium TA100 anaerobic conditions
      stimulated the mutagenic effect of 5-NFAA which was more pronounced in nitrofuran
      reductase deficient strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 FR50. 5-NFAA increased
      the number of isoleucine revertants and induced mitotic recombination at
      tryptophan, threonine and adenine loci of the diploid strains Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae a/b and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SBTD. Activity of 5-NFAA was lower
      than that of AF-2. The test on sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in
      Drosophila melanogaster indicated that only 5-NFAA is mutagenic, increasing the
      mutation frequency about 10-fold above the control. Results with AF-2 fell within
      the control range.

PMID- 6819486
TI  - Analysis of the biphasic depressor-pressor effect and tachycardia caused by
      neurotensin in ganglion-blocked rats.

PMID- 6819488
TI  - Neuroradiological detection of small and intracanalicular acoustic tumors: an
      emphasis on CO2 contrast-enhanced computed tomographic cisternography.
AB  - Seventy patients suspected clinically of having an acoustic tumor were evaluated
      using the computed tomographic (CT) scan as the initial neuroradiological
      procedure, followed by CO2 contrast CT cisternography in cases where the
      intravenous contrast-enhanced scan did not reveal any lesion. Forty-eight gas CT
      cisternograms revealed 10 small acoustic tumors, 2 of which were totally
      intracanalicular. The authors present a review of the basic CT anatomy of the
      temporal bone as it relates to acoustic tumors. Based upon the ease of
      performance of the procedure, the low postexamination morbidity, and the
      excellent diagnostic results, CO2 CT cisternography is recommended as the
      procedure of choice in the diagnosis of small and intracanalicular acoustic
      tumors.

PMID- 6819487
TI  - Uptake of prolactin from cerebrospinal fluid in rat brain.
AB  - The fate of prolactin in the cerebrospinal fluid was studied by the use of
      fluorescein labelled prolactin. The distribution was compared to the
      immunocytochemical distribution of endogenous prolactin. High intensity
      fluorescence was found in the ependyma of the area postrema, rostral dorsolateral
      cerebral aqueduct close to the subcommissural organ, and in some cells of the
      floor of the cerebral aqueduct. This distribution was not seen when excess
      unlabelled prolactin was injected. The results suggest prolactin uptake from CSF
      at specific sites which correspond to sites of localization of immunoreactive
      prolactin.

PMID- 6819489
TI  - Cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol: a water soluble polymer as embedding medium for
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 6819490
TI  - Pre-operative whole-gut irrigation with mannitol.
AB  - Whole-gut irrigation preceded by oral mannitol administration as a method of
      preoperative bowel preparation was studied in 58 patients. Our results did not
      confirm the advantages described in the literature. Irrigation time, irrigation
      fluid volume, patient acceptability and the quality of bowel preparation were not
      improved, compared to our earlier studies with saline alone. Fluid retention was
      considerably diminished after mannitol preparation. A significant increase in
      postoperative septic complications was observed. Disadvantages and possible
      hazards of mannitol administration are discussed. Mannitol cannot be recommended
      as a safe and useful adjunct in whole-gut irrigation.

PMID- 6819491
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) increases morbidity and mortality in the
      gerbil stroke model.
AB  - The gerbil model for stroke, using permanent unilateral carotid artery occlusion
      and restriction of the contralateral artery, was used to assess exogenous
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) effect on cerebral ischemia.
      TRH immediately post-occlusion, compared to saline controls, significantly
      increased mortality (P = 0.025). This was supported by worsening reflected in the
      stroke index and time to death. Thyrotropin (0.1 IU, i.p.) in the same model was
      without effect. These surprising results were unexpected due to the beneficial
      response to the pharmacologically related naloxone.

PMID- 6819492
TI  - Multifocal brain sites for apomorphine-induced circling and other stereotyped
      motor behaviour in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.
AB  - Rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 8 micrograms in 4 microliters) in
      one medial forebrain bundle exhibited an assortment of stereotyped activities and
      pronounced circling towards the unlesioned side when apomorphine was administered
      either subcutaneously (0.5 mg/kg), or by discrete stereotaxic injection (5
      micrograms in 0.2 microliter) into the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens,
      amygdala, lateral habenula, ventromedial thalamus, substantia nigra zona
      reticulata, periaqueductal grey or superior colliculus (but not a variety of
      other areas) ipsilateral to the lesion. These rotational responses were absent in
      unlesioned animals and, where tested, were attenuated by intraperitoneal
      haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg). It is suggested that multiple brain sites become
      sensitive to apomorphine following dopamine depletion by 6-OHDA.

PMID- 6819494
TI  - Nutrition and neoplasia.

PMID- 6819493
TI  - MK-771 antagonizes the enhanced response to apomorphine in rats treated
      chronically with haloperidol - implications for tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - Rats that have been chronically exposed to neuroleptic drugs exhibit an enhanced
      stereotypic response to dopaminergic agonists, and it has been suggested that
      this phenomenon is a useful animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Administration of
      MK-771, a well characterized analog of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), has
      been found to attenuate the enhanced response to apomorphine in rats chronically
      treated with haloperidol. This finding is discussed in light of similar
      observations with choline and physostigmine and the established cholinergic
      stimulating properties of MK-771 and TRH. It is suggested that peptides of this
      nature may represent novel and useful agents to ameliorate the symptoms of
      tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 6819495
TI  - Hepatic and splenic haemorrhage as a complication of toxaemia of pregnancy in a
      patient with circulating lupus anticoagulant.
AB  - A 29 year old pregnant woman presented at 28 weeks with severe upper abdominal
      pain. Features of pre-eclamptic toxaemia became apparent and intrauterine death
      occurred abruptly. The development of shock, a reduction in haemoglobin from 124
      to 88 g/l without evidence of external blood loss and tender hepatosplenomegaly
      suggested major intrahepatic and intrasplenic haemorrhage. This suggestion was
      supported by ultrasound and CT scans. The patient made a complete recovery over a
      period of weeks. She was shown to have a circulating LE-inhibitor and had major
      thrombotic episodes involving her leg veins.

PMID- 6819496
TI  - [Current views on the acid etching technic of enamel].

PMID- 6819497
TI  - [Immunological mechanisms in inflammatory periodontal diseases].

PMID- 6819498
TI  - [Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands in the mouth].

PMID- 6819499
TI  - [Verrucous carcinoma of the mouth: a special variety of squamous cell carcinoma].

PMID- 6819500
TI  - [The mechanical "action maker" (Activator) and its use in interceptive
      orthodontic therapy].

PMID- 6819501
TI  - Fine structure of lamellated nerve endings in the gingiva of man and the Cebus
      apella monkey.

PMID- 6819502
TI  - Experimental Pseudomonas exotoxin A mediated ocular damage in mouse pups:
      microscopic observations.
AB  - The ocular damage in mouse pups produced by purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      exotoxin A was examined microscopically following toxin A injection beneath the
      fused eyelid. In contrast to infection, in which lysis of ocular surface
      epithelium occurs within minutes, toxin A does not induce any lytic changes until
      5 h after injection. Additionally, no phagocytic cellular response to toxin A was
      observed, whereas in infection, this response is seen within 1 h. We conclude
      that toxin A is not the bacterial extracellular factor responsible for mediating
      the rapid early destruction of the ocular epithelium allowing bacterial
      penetration and dissemination.

PMID- 6819503
TI  - Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the optic nerve, disc, retina, and choroid.
AB  - A 20-month-old infant found to have a blind eye with neovascular glaucoma was
      thought to have a neoplasm of the optic nerve for which enucleation was performed
      with resection of a long segment of optic nerve. Microscopic examination revealed
      the enlarged optic nerve and optic papilla to be infiltrated densely by
      histiocytic cells, including Touton giant cells, all containing large amounts of
      neutral fat. The histologic picture was indistinguishable from that of juvenile
      xanthogranuloma. Occlusion of the central retinal vessels had led to hemorrhagic
      infarction of the retina and neovascular glaucoma. Thorough clinical and
      laboratory investigations repeated over a period of more than 2 1/2 years failed
      to disclose any evidence of a systemic disease, and the child has remained in
      good health. This is believed to be a unique case of juvenile xanthogranuloma of
      the optic nerve and disc.

PMID- 6819504
TI  - Formation of amino acids from models of Titan and more oxidized atmospheres.
AB  - Protein and non-protein amino acids were synthesized following hydrolysis of
      products obtained by high frequency discharge techniques applied to model
      atmospheres consisting of N2 as a nitrogen source together with CH4 and/or CO2 as
      a carbon source. Highest yields were obtained in the absence of CO2 and from
      mixtures rich in CH4. Amino acids would indeed be expected on the frozen surface
      of Titan with its CH4-N2 atmosphere.

PMID- 6819505
TI  - [Human teratogenicity of valproic acid containing antiepileptic drugs].

PMID- 6819506
TI  - [The effect of tolbutamide and glibenclamide on HDL-cholesterol levels].

PMID- 6819507
TI  - Medical treatment of chronic sinusitis in the immunocompetent and
      immunosuppressed patient: a review.
AB  - Chronic sinusitis may arise from a variety of causes. Failure of mucociliary
      transport, nasal obstruction, and breakdown of the mucosal barrier are important
      mechanisms that may contribute to irreversible tissue pathologic changes in the
      paranasal sinuses. Diagnosis is usually made radiographically using plain films,
      polytomography, or computerized tomography. Medical treatment attacks underlying
      causes such as allergy or viscous mucus secretions. In addition to antibiotic
      therapy, management of the underlying medical problems, general prophylactic
      measures, immunologic reconstitution of specific immune deficiencies, and vaccine
      therapy when combined with surgical therapy are likely to help improve survival
      of the immunosuppressed patient with chronic sinusitis.

PMID- 6819508
TI  - The intranasal ethmoidectomy: a 12-year perspective.
AB  - Two hundred thirty-six intranasal ethmoidectomies were performed on 123 patients
      during a 12-year period. Four complications representing an incidence of 1.7% are
      reported with no mortality, blindness, or permanent orbital injuries. An overall
      83% (38 patients) success rate in controlling nasal polyposis is recorded in
      dealing with 46 obstructed nasal polyposis-pansinusitis patients. A subgrouping
      of 26 patients having had prior polypectomy sinus surgical treatment revealed an
      81% (21 patients) control of nasal polyposis. With revision ethmoidectomy
      surgical treatment, a 91% (42 patients) overall success rate is recorded, and a
      92% (24 patients) success rate is noted in the subgrouping. There appears to be
      no difference between these two groups, implying that the intranasal
      ethmoidectomy procedure may be the important factor in the control of nasal
      polyposis.

PMID- 6819509
TI  - Otolaryngologic manifestations of Hansen's disease.
AB  - A Mexican migrant farm worker whose condition was previously undiagnosed was
      examined at the University of Utah Medical Center. He had an unusual peripheral
      neuropathy, ulcerative and nodular skin lesions, and multiple head and neck
      complaints. Results of the history, physical examination, and multiple biopsies
      led to the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy. Although an uncommon disease in the
      United States, leprosy remains a common cause of head and neck pathologic
      conditions in many parts of the world and must be considered in the appropriate
      clinical setting.

PMID- 6819510
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of the symptom-producing adenoid.
AB  - Adenoid hypertrophy has several variable symptoms. In this study, symptoms were
      divided into minor and major. A lateral radiograph of the nasopharynx was
      performed in 114 patients to study the superior and antroadenoid diameters. With
      proper statistical analysis, a correlation was made between the various clinical
      groups (scores) and the adenoid measurements. Our results support Hibbert's
      findings that the antroadenoid width is a better indicator of the symptom
      producing adenoid than adenoid mass measurements with their loosely defined
      norms. A thorough history and physical examination remain paramount in the
      diagnosis and management of adenoid hypertrophy.

PMID- 6819511
TI  - Experimental induction of squamous metaplasia in the dog trachea with cuffed
      endotracheal tubes.
AB  - Clinical reports cite the development of squamous metaplasia in tracheas
      following tracheostomy, laryngectomy, and cuffed intubation. The purpose of this
      study was (1) to develop an experimental model using the dog trachea and study
      the effects of prolonged cuffed intubation and (2) to determine whether squamous
      metaplasia is produced by prolonged contact of the endotracheal cuff with the
      tracheal mucosa. Modifications of widely used high-volume, low-pressure 8-mm
      endotracheal tubes were made with the distal portion of the tube, its cuff, and
      the inflating catheter attached. This model formed an implantable cuffed tube
      approximately 8 cm in length. The dogs remained intubated for 14 days, at which
      time they were killed; seven animals were available for histologic study. Varying
      degrees of squamous metaplasia were produced in all animals.

PMID- 6819512
TI  - Complications of carotid artery replacement in head and neck neoplasms.
AB  - Carotid artery involvement by neoplastic disease has grave prognostic
      implications. However, with the advent of postoperative radiation therapy and
      chemotherapy, carotid artery sacrifice and replacement is more widely performed.
      In this report the authors discuss their experience with preoperative and
      intraoperative evaluation of cerebral blood flow and complications of carotid
      artery replacement.

PMID- 6819513
TI  - Neoglottis reconstruction following total laryngectomy: the Emory experience.
AB  - A number of studies over the last decade have reported on a viability of the
      primary neoglottis reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Early results have
      been encouraging, although operative and perioperative complications are higher
      than with a classic laryngectomy. This article reports on a series of 13
      neoglottis reconstructions performed at Emory University Medical School using the
      techniques developed by Mario Staffieri, MD. During the course of the study, the
      overall success rate has fallen from 80% at three years to 54% at five years.
      With each succeeding year there has been an increasing need for revision surgery.
      The series emphasizes the need for long-term follow-up in any vocal
      rehabilitation procedure.

PMID- 6819514
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction: introduction.

PMID- 6819515
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction: open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular
      fractures.
AB  - Open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures by intraosseous
      wiring in conjunction with intermaxillary fixation remains the mainstay of
      mandibular fracture treatment despite the availability of newer methods. The
      principles of treatment are reviewed, including indications for use of this
      technique and its advantages and disadvantages. Various surgical techniques are
      also reviewed and key points in their application emphasized.

PMID- 6819516
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction: external fixation.

PMID- 6819517
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction: the use of open reduction with compression plates.

PMID- 6819518
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction: bone graft techniques.
AB  - Results of treatment in a series of 60 patients undergoing mandibular
      reconstruction by a variety of methods are reported. Delayed reconstruction was
      performed, using a titanium mesh tray with cancellous bone fragments and block
      bone grafts removed from the iliac crest, rib, and mandible in 34 patients, with
      an overall success rate of 91%. Immediate reconstruction was performed with a
      wire mesh prosthesis containing particulate bone and composite flaps in 26
      patients, with an overall success rate of 46%. Oral contamination of the graft at
      the time of surgery appeared to be the factor limiting the success of immediate
      mandibular reconstruction. Block grafts of bone were extremely reliable in
      reconstituting the continuity of the mandible when inserted through an extraoral
      approach as a delayed repair. Mandibular reconstruction was successfully
      accomplished even following high-dose radiotherapy.

PMID- 6819519
TI  - Otologic referral criteria.
AB  - Otologic referral is an important component of an industrial hearing conservation
      program. Recent federal regulations in this area are reviewed, and suggestions
      for implementation of otologic referral are made. Criteria for otologic referral
      must be distinguished from a definition of significant threshold shift for
      internal program action. Test-retest variability is higher in industrial than in
      clinical settings, and unduly stringent definitions of significant threshold
      shift will result in many spuriously identified cases. The American Council of
      Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery has proposed criteria for otologic referral
      that are probably the best available guidelines. Referrals should be made on the
      basis of both baseline and periodic audiometry. Most workers referred for
      substantial audiometric abnormalities have otologic diagnoses other than noise
      induced hearing loss, or require specific intervention, or both.

PMID- 6819520
TI  - Congenital deafness and episodic vertigo.

PMID- 6819521
TI  - Diagnostic imaging in malignant otitis externa.

PMID- 6819522
TI  - Topognostic and prognostic evaluation of traumatic facial nerve injuries.
AB  - If and when to intervene during the course of a traumatic facial palsy depends on
      the immediacy of the palsy, signs and symptoms of an associated temporal bone
      fracture, function of the various facial branches, and the results of electrical
      stimulation. Some facial nerve tests will be more valuable than others in a given
      case. The following is a philosophy of management that has proven useful to the
      author in the management of facial palsies of traumatic causes.

PMID- 6819523
TI  - Intratemporal facial nerve injuries.

PMID- 6819524
TI  - Transmastoid decompression of the facial nerve in temporal bone fracture.
AB  - Among 41 cases of facial palsy caused by closed heart injury, temporal bone
      fractures were surgically confirmed in 36 cases, of which there were two mixed
      fractures and 34 longitudinal fractures. The fracture involved the geniculate
      ganglion area in 20 cases (55%). In 15 cases, decompression of the facial nerve
      was carried out using the transmastoid supralabyrinthine approach with
      disarticulation of the incus; in only five cases was the middle fossa approach
      used. The technique avoids the craniotomy for the middle fossa approach and is a
      reliable method of treatment in the majority of patients with facial palsy caused
      by temporal bone fracture involving the geniculate ganglion area.

PMID- 6819525
TI  - Semipermeable membrane tubes: a prospective study.
AB  - Four years ago, we introduced the use of Castelli membrane tubes into our
      practice. Although initial reports in the literature and restrictions on
      indications from the manufacturer on use were extremely cautionary, we were able,
      by careful intraoperative technique and the use of postoperative antibiotics, to
      expand the use of the membrane tube and offer it to our entire patient
      population. To document this, we used a prospective study of 124 consecutive ears
      receiving a membrane tube. Follow-up study included clinical, audiometric, and
      tympanometric evaluation. We found the membrane tube to function extremely well
      in an extremely high percentage of ears, regardless of whether the ear contains
      serous or mucoid fluid. The advantages of membrane tubes include the lack of
      special care required, resultant high patient and parental acceptance, and the
      low incidence of draining ears with tubes in place.

PMID- 6819526
TI  - Semibiologic middle ear prostheses: ossicle cup and ossicle columella.
AB  - As a natural step in ossicular reconstruction technique, two semibiologic
      prostheses are introduced. The prosthesis designed for incus replacement is
      called the "ossicle cup." A hole is drilled in the body of an incus or head of
      the malleus, and the synthetic shaft of the ossicle cup is placed into the hole.
      The synthetic cup fits over the stapes capitulum, forming a joint. The ossicle
      keeps the synthetic portion from touching the tympanic membrane. The prosthesis
      designed for total ossicular replacement is called the "ossicle columella." In
      like manner, the shaft is inserted into a shaped ossicle and placed on the
      remaining footplate. The ossicle columella has a synthetic footplate that rests
      on the remaining footplate and provides stability and safety. The adaptability of
      the semibiologic prostheses solves the problems of a laterally healed tympanic
      membrane, absent stapes capitulum, remaining footplate crura, low-lying stapes,
      and retracted malleus. The hearing results of the ossicle cup prosthesis indicate
      87% of cases with successful hearing at one year. The ossicle columella results
      in 71% of cases with successful hearing at one year. To date, the extrusion rate
      is less than 1%.

PMID- 6819527
TI  - A study of methods used to enhance wave I in the auditory brain stem response.
AB  - Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) were recorded in 15 audiometrically and
      neurologically normal adult subjects. The purpose of the study was to investigate
      various aspects of stimulus composition (intensity, click rate, and polarity) and
      response measurement parameters (band-pass filtering and electrode linkage) that
      might serve to enhance detectability of wave I in the ABR. Amplitude of wave I
      was significantly enhanced by an increase in intensity, a decrease in click rate,
      and use of a negative (rarefaction) polarity click. Amplitude of wave I was not
      significantly influenced by bandwidth of the response filter or by a horizontal
      (mastoid-to-mastoid) electrode linkage. Use of simultaneous response acquisition
      from an ipsilateral and contralateral reference electrode array did aid in the
      detection or visualization of wave I, particularly for lower stimulus intensity
      levels or faster click rates.

PMID- 6819529
TI  - Prosthetic rehabilitation following major nasal resection.
AB  - Treatment of extensive carcinoma of the external nose has as an objective the
      eradication of disease and rehabilitation of the patient. We review our
      experience with 15 patients treated with total and subtotal rhinectomy.
      Prosthetic rehabilitation offers prompt recovery of both cosmesis and function
      without morbidity. We conclude that prosthetic reconstruction of major nasal
      defects deserves consideration when rehabilitation following rhinectomy is
      required.

PMID- 6819528
TI  - Anatomic considerations of the medial cuts in the subtotal temporal bone
      resection.
AB  - Eighteen temporal bones, 20 sets of polytomograms, and two sets of histologically
      sectioned temporal bones were studied and the literature was reviewed in order to
      describe the evolution and anatomic detail of the medial limits of the subtotal
      temporal bone resection used when malignant neoplasia has invaded the middle ear.
      An en bloc resection requires incisions medial to the pneumatized spaces
      involved. The anatomy of the lines of resection through the glenoid fossa, medial
      to the lateral wall of the carotid canal, through the cochlea, internal auditory
      canal, and jugular bulb, and just lateral to cranial nerves IX, X, and XI was
      described in detail. Regardless of the techniques employed, or the feasibility of
      the task, the concept of en bloc resection must conform to the anatomy of the
      region.

PMID- 6819530
TI  - Spatial analysis of midfacial fractures with multidirectional and computed
      tomography: clinicopathologic correlates in 44 cases.
AB  - The use of conventional tomography and recent application of computed tomography
      to the assessment of facial injuries permit a more precise preoperative spatial
      analysis of complex midfacial fractures. Forty-four patients sustaining Le Fort
      I, II, or III maxillary fractures underwent multidirectional or computed
      tomography (CT) or both. The patterns of fractures of the maxilla and associated
      fractures of the mandible, zygomas, nasoethmoidal complex, frontal sinus, skull
      base, and cranial vault were correlated with surgical or clinical findings or
      both. In 91% of cases, CT or multidirectional tomography or both correctly
      identified the spatial pattern of fracture of the maxilla and its supporting
      pillars. Pure Le Fort II fractures were seen in only nine patients, while an
      isolated pure Le Fort I or III fracture was not encountered. Le Fort II and III
      fractures were commonly associated with additional tripod, frontal sinus, or
      nasoethmoidal complex dislocations.

PMID- 6819531
TI  - Twelfth nerve neurilemmoma occurring in the middle ear.
AB  - Neurilemmomas of the 12th cranial nerve are rare tumors. We present the first
      reported case of one occurring in the middle ear. This report details the
      diagnosis and treatment of a large 12th nerve neurilemmoma in a patient whose
      initial symptoms included vertigo, otalgia, and left-sided tongue fasciculations
      with atrophy. Selective carotid angiography and computed tomography scanning
      defined the extent of the lesion. It involved the skull base and parapharyngeal
      space with extension into the middle ear and mastoid to the level of the middle
      fossa and posterior fossa dura. Treatment consisted of total excision via a Blair
      incision with a retroauricular limb, which is applicable to many skull base and
      parapharyngeal tumors.

PMID- 6819532
TI  - Pituitary carcinoma occurring as middle ear tumor.
AB  - Pituitary gland tumors are most commonly adenomas of the glandular tissue. They
      are benign, slow-growing tumors confined to the pituitary fossa region. Pituitary
      tumors that become aggressive, involving contiguous bony structures and brain, as
      well as metastasizing out of the confines of the skull, are referred to as
      pituitary carcinomas. This case of pituitary carcinoma is the first reported in
      the literature occurring as a middle ear tumor. The literature documents many
      cases of pituitary carcinoma. The history and medical treatment of this case are
      presented.

PMID- 6819533
TI  - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman had a large asymptomatic left parotid mass that she had
      apparently not noticed. The clinical appearance suggested a parotid tumor.
      Aspirated tissue revealed numerous giant cells, histiocytes, and hemosiderin
      pigment. At surgical exploration a tumor was found deep to the facial nerve
      involving the temporomandibular joint, which had a brown-stained roughened
      synovial membrane. The resected specimen histologically was a proliferative
      lesion composed of epithelioid histiocytes, spindle cells, and multinucleated
      giant cells. The appearance was typical of the family of lesions that includes
      pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis (giant cell "tumor"
      of tendon sheath). In view of the origin from the temporomandibular joint,
      reinforced by a characteristic radiologic appearance, we interpret this as a case
      of pigmented villonodular synovitis. This is the fifth case reported from this
      site.

PMID- 6819534
TI  - Primary carcinoma of Stensen's duct.

PMID- 6819535
TI  - Occult thyroid carcinoma appearing as a single mandibular metastasis.
AB  - Extraglandular well-differentiated follicular thyroid tissue in the head and neck
      can originate from aberrant embryologic rests, by separation from the main gland
      through strap muscle action, by 'benign metastatic" seeding of the cervical
      lymphatics, and from mixed papillary-follicular or pure follicular carcinoma. The
      management of this ectopic tissue is controversial. A case of occult follicular
      carcinoma with a sole metastasis to the mandible is presented.

PMID- 6819536
TI  - Facial paralysis resulting from parotid branchial cyst.

PMID- 6819537
TI  - Pathogenetic analysis of congenital anomalies in humans.

PMID- 6819538
TI  - The ultrastructure of transplantable hepatoma induced by aflatoxin B1 in Wistar
      rats.

PMID- 6819539
TI  - [Effect of gonadotropins on the morphology of the pancreatic islets in the rat
      after ovariectomy].

PMID- 6819540
TI  - Neonatal cholelithiasis.
AB  - Cholelithiasis is very rare in the newborn infant and is usually not recognized
      until surgery or autopsy following perforation of the biliary tree. Two premature
      infants had calcified gallstones on abdominal radiographs. In one patient portal
      vein thrombosis was also present. The other had been treated with total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) and furosemide which have recently been implicated in
      the development of gallstones in premature infants.

PMID- 6819541
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of fast neutron therapy].

PMID- 6819542
TI  - [Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with a protocol combining intensive
      induction chemotherapy, early consolidation treatment, splenectomy and long-term
      maintenance chemotherapy. Preliminary study].
AB  - Twenty-seven patients aged from 10 to 60 years (mean 34.4 +/- 13 years) in the
      first perceptible phase of acute myeloid leukemia were subjected to intensive
      induction chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin (ADM), vincristin (VCR) and
      cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). Twenty-four patients (89%) attained complete
      remission (CR) after 1 to 3 cycles and were then given an early consolidation
      treatment with one of the previous cycles. This was followed by long-term
      continuous maintenance chemotherapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methotrexate
      (MTX) alternatively and 3-monthly reinforcement courses of donaurubicin (DNR) and
      VCR. Twenty of these 24 patients were splenectomized soon after the consolidation
      treatment. None of the spleens were enlarged, and histological sections of the
      spleens, liver biopsies and mesenteric lymph-nodes stained with routine dyes and
      by the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase method revealed mature granulocytes
      but no demonstrable leukaemic cells. In the group of splenectomized patients, the
      probabilities of staying in complete remission at 27 and 44 months were 70 +/-
      12.6% and 52 +/- 18.5% respectively, and the probabilities of remaining alive at
      32 and 55 months were 79 +/- 11% and 57 +/- 19% respectively. Age over 40 and
      evidence of extramedullary infiltration at presentation appeared to leave little
      hope of disease-free survival. The rationale for the present therapeutic study is
      discussed.

PMID- 6819543
TI  - The terminal organization of macronuclear DNA in Oxytricha fallax.
AB  - The macronucleus of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha fallax is
      transcriptionally active and contains linear achromosomal DNA molecules that
      function as single-gene units. The terminal organization of macronuclear DNA was
      analyzed by chemical sequencing and S1 mapping. The terminal sequence of total
      macronuclear DNA was determined for molecules labeled at the 5' or 3' ends.
      Results indicate that the 5' sequence C4A4C4A4C4 and the 3' sequence
      G4T4G4T4G4T4G4T4G4 occur at both ends of all DNA molecules in the macronucleus.
      The discrepancy in the length of the common terminal sequence between the 5' and
      3' ends was clarified by a limited S1 digestion experiment, which indicated the
      existence of a 16 nucleotide long single-stranded tail at the 3' ends.

PMID- 6819544
TI  - Localization of human variable and constant region immunoglobulin heavy chain
      genes on subtelomeric band q32 of chromosome 14.
AB  - Analysis of a group of human/rodent somatic cell hybrids with nucleic acid probes
      prepared from cloned human variable region (VH), junctional (JH), and constant
      region (C epsilon) heavy chain immunoglobulin genes indicates that all of these
      IgH genes are localized on the subtelomeric (q32) band of chromosome 14. Somatic
      cell hybrids were isolated in selective medium after fusing human fibroblasts
      with hprt- Chinese hamster cells. The human parental cells contained two
      translocation chromosomes representing a reciprocal translocation between
      chromosomes X and 14. Only those hybrid cell lines retaining a complete human
      autosome 14 or the X/14 translocation chromosome (i.e. containing band 14q32)
      retained the human IgH genes. Retention of these genes did not correlate with the
      presence of the other translocation chromosome, 14/X. These results indicate that
      all human IgH genes (VH, JH, and CH) map to the same chromosomal band (14q32)
      which is commonly involved in reciprocal translocations with human chromosome 8
      (8q24) in B-cell neoplasms.

PMID- 6819545
TI  - Changes in body composition of cancer patients following combined nutritional
      support.
AB  - The effects of combined nutritional support (parenteral, enteral, and oral) were
      measured in cancer patients unable to maintain normal alimentation. Changes in
      body composition were quantified by measurement of total body levels of nitrogen,
      potassium, water, and fat. The protein-calorie intake of the patients was also
      evaluated by dietary survey (4-day recall). Standard anthropometric and
      biochemical measurements for nutritional assessment were obtained for comparison.
      The dietary evaluation indicated that the dietary supplementation for all
      patients was more than adequate to meet their energy requirements. Almost all
      patients gained weight on the combined nutritional support regimens.
      Determination of body composition indicated that change in body weight was equal
      to the sum of the changes in body protein, total body water, and total body fat.
      The findings from the anthropometric nutrition indices (arm muscle circumference
      and triceps skinfold) were consistent with the results of the body composition
      study. Information on the nature of the tissue gained was obtained by comparison
      of body composition data with the ratio of protein:water:lean body mass for
      normal tissue. The mean gain of protein in the cancer patients was quite small
      (0.3-0.6 kg). The main change in body weight appeared to be the result of gains
      in body water and body fat. The total body nitrogen to potassium ratio served to
      define the extent of tissue anabolism following hyperalimentation. The ratio
      dropped in the cancer patients following hyperalimentation toward the value of
      the control subjects on ad libidum diets. The body compartment techniques
      described have demonstrated their usefulness in determining the effects of
      hyperalimentation on cancer patients.

PMID- 6819547
TI  - [Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of paroxysmal cough (Corrao syndrome)].

PMID- 6819546
TI  - Metabolic activation of DMH by colonic microsomes: a process influenced by type
      of dietary fat.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine whether 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a potent
      colon carcinogen, is activated to a more potent mutagen by the drug-metabolizing
      system of the colonic mucosa and to determine the extent to which this metabolism
      is modified by lipids in the diet. DMH-treated rats fed a diet enriched with 10%
      corn oil exhibited markedly elevated colonic enzyme levels for mutagen
      production. This diet also produced the greatest number of animals with colon
      tumors, when compared with diets containing other levels and sources of lipid.
      The potential risk of a diet in which unsaturated fat is the sole source of lipid
      is underlined.

PMID- 6819548
TI  - [Activity of the macrophages in anti-tuberculosis immunity. I. General aspects of
      the role of macrophages in tuberculosis, their origin, structure and function].

PMID- 6819549
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological analysis and specific immunodiagnosis of acute viral non
      A, non-B hepatitis].

PMID- 6819550
TI  - Counterpoint: the red book opts for red urine.
AB  - Several important issues regarding chemoprophylaxis for H. influenzae type b
      infections should be resolved before general adoption of the recommendations of
      the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Unfortunately the recommendations place the
      practicing pediatrician in a medical-legal dilemma if he does not comply. The
      prematurity of the recommendations may preclude further placebo-controlled,
      prospective evaluation of the efficacy of rifampin or other agents in the
      prevention of secondary disease. In any event the administration of
      chemoprophylaxis must not replace close surveillance of all members of the
      contact group. Band et al. estimated that 150 to 200 of the approximately 20,000
      cases of invasive H. influenzae type b disease that occur each year in the United
      States may be preventable by prophylaxis. Primary prevention with a safe
      effective vaccine would have a much greater impact.

PMID- 6819551
TI  - [Co-existence of vesico-ureteral reflux with congenital bladder diverticulum].

PMID- 6819552
TI  - [Ineffective radiography].

PMID- 6819553
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on selected hemodynamic parameters in patients with
      mitral stenosis].

PMID- 6819554
TI  - [Case of post-transfusion viral hepatitis of the non-A, non-B type].

PMID- 6819555
TI  - [Diffuse pulmonary amylosis. Apropos of 2 cases associated with Waldenstrom's
      disease].
AB  - Diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis is rarely reported in systemic amyloidosis. We
      report two patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in whom pulmonary
      amyloidosis was revealed by a diffuse interstitial syndrome without severe
      functional impairment. Amyloid pulmonary deposits are anatomically frequent and
      are often associated with cardiac amyloidosis. They must be evoked more
      frequently in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial patterns, particularly in
      patients with primary amyloidosis or dysglobulinemia.

PMID- 6819556
TI  - Effects of dietary nutrient density on broiler performance at low and moderate
      environmental temperatures.
AB  - Three broiler finishing rations with calculated metabolizable energy values (ME)
      of 3175, 3250, and 3325 kcal/kg and constant lysine and sulfur-bearing amino
      acid: energy ratios were evaluated at two environmental temperatures. Broiler
      chickens were reared from 3 to 7 weeks in either an 18.3 or 26.7 C temperature.
      At the 18.3 C temperature, 7-week body weights increased linearly 3.1% as energy
      level increased from lowest to highest level. Feed:gain ratio decreased linearly
      5.0% as energy level increased from lowest to highest. At the 26.7 C temperature,
      no significant differences were found in 7-week body weights due to energy level
      of the diet. Feed:gain ratio decreased 3.2% as energy level increased from lowest
      to highest, but the response was not linear. Energy intake increased as dietary
      energy was increased in the cool temperature; energy intake was less in the warm
      temperature and did not change appreciably as dietary energy changed. Because
      lysine and methionine plus cystine were tied to dietary energy by a fixed ratio,
      the pattern for intake of these amino acids was the same as for energy. It
      appears that the procedures used to formulate the diets do not give uniform
      results for the range of environmental temperatures and energy levels tested.

PMID- 6819557
TI  - Rates of entry and oxidation of D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate and glucose in fed and
      fasted chickens.
AB  - Rates of entry and oxidation of D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (DBHB) and glucose and
      their contribution to the total metabolic production of CO2 were studied in fed
      and 48-hr fasted Leghorn roosters using primed constant intravenous infusions of
      NaH14CO3, D(-)-3-[3-14C]-hydroxybutyrate, and D-[U-14C] glucose. Fasting
      increased plasma DBHB concentrations sixfold but did not change plasma glucose
      levels. In both states of nutrition, rates of CO2 production were identical (P
      greater than .05). Mean fractions of the total CO2 derived from DBHB and glucose
      in fed and fasted chickens, respectively, were: DBHB, 1.7 and 9.9% (P less than
      .001); glucose, 29 and 10% (P less than .001). Entry rates of DBHB and glucose in
      fed chickens were 276 and 5936 mumoles/hr per kg (P less than .001),
      respectively, and in starved birds were 1703 and 2204 mumoles/hr per kg (P less
      than .001), respectively. Fasting increased the oxidation rate of DBHB from 124
      to 737 mumoles/hr per kg (P less than .001) and decreased the oxidation rate of
      glucose from 1491 to 525 mumoles/hr per kg (P less than .001). During fasting,
      glucose homeostasis is maintained in part by concomitant decreases in glucose
      entry and oxidation rates. The results are discussed with reference to the
      sparing effect of DBHB on glucose oxidation.

PMID- 6819558
TI  - [A mushroom meal with consequences].

PMID- 6819559
TI  - Critique of "Preventing and treating periodontal disease with the Keyes
      technique: a preliminary assessment".

PMID- 6819560
TI  - [Correct application of Articles 33 and 117 of the Constitution relating to
      professional instruction. A national conference in Rome].

PMID- 6819562
TI  - [Postoperative care for the heart surgery patient in the immediate postoperative
      period].

PMID- 6819561
TI  - [Experience of an educational apprenticeship].

PMID- 6819563
TI  - [Current role and professional education of the nurse. Education].

PMID- 6819564
TI  - [Evaluation of students' clinical performance. A continuing problem].

PMID- 6819565
TI  - [The nurse's uniform in the hospital: a survey].

PMID- 6819566
TI  - [Hypothesis for a public service of domiciliary nursing care. Administrative and
      organizational aspects].

PMID- 6819567
TI  - [Calculation of the requirements for domiciliary nursing services].

PMID- 6819569
TI  - [Existential ethical problems of the nurse].

PMID- 6819568
TI  - [Illness: a moment of dramatic emergence of the relationship between the
      individual personality and one's own culture].

PMID- 6819570
TI  - Developmental changes in thylakoid membranes during plastid morphogenesis in
      Euglena gracilis.

PMID- 6819571
TI  - The antiquity of man: human evolution.

PMID- 6819572
TI  - Human evolution in southern Africa.

PMID- 6819573
TI  - Treatment of the mucopolysaccharidoses by fibroblast or bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6819574
TI  - Evidence for HLA-linked and Gm-linked genes in Graves disease.

PMID- 6819575
TI  - Classic X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda in a woman with normal
      karyotype.
AB  - A case of classic X-linked SED tarda in a woman with normal karyotype is
      described. The clinical and radiological findings left no doubts about the
      diagnosis of classical SED tarda (X-linked). The most probable hypothesis for
      explaining the clinical manifestation of this pathology in a woman with normal
      karyotype is random inactivation of all X chromosomes with the normal allele in
      her cells.

PMID- 6819576
TI  - A variant of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (Spranger-Wiedemann).

PMID- 6819577
TI  - Pattern of intra- and extracellular disorders in skeletal dysplasias: comparative
      morphological studies on the supportive tissue.

PMID- 6819578
TI  - Phenotypic and population features of MPS IH in Quibor, Venezuela.

PMID- 6819579
TI  - Value of the LRH acute test for the study of the alterations of the reproductive
      axis.

PMID- 6819580
TI  - Danazol in the treatment of endometriosis and infertility.
AB  - Endometriosis is an enigmatic condition of unknown cause and poorly understood
      histogenesis. It affects women in their reproductive years limiting their
      fertility and seriously impairing their health. It is not entirely clear what is
      the mechanism of infertility associated with endometriosis but it is well
      accepted that treatment of the latter improves significantly chances for
      conception. Danazol is a synthetic steroid, derivative of 17 alpha-ethinyl
      testosterone. It suppresses ovarian function through a direct inhibitory effect
      on ovarian steroidogenesis and through inhibition of FSH and LH secretion. The
      drug is a mild androgen but has no estrogenic or progestational properties. In
      normally cycling women danazol induces the state of pseudomenopause characterized
      by complete suppression of ovarian function, amenorrhea and hypoestrogenic state.
      Uterine endometrium and ectopic endometrium undergo atrophy during treatment,
      resulting in a regression and disappearance of endometriosis. The therapy should
      commence with the onset of the menstrual period and should be continued for three
      to six months or longer depending on the initial extent of the disease and a
      clinical response. The clinical and symptomatic improvement and disappearance of
      endometriosis is observed in over 80% of the patients. The corrected pregnancy
      rate after discontinuation of treatment exceeds 70%, but depends on the initial
      extent of the disease and on the severity and location of pelvic adhesions.
      Pseudomenopause alone has a limited value in the treatment of infertility in
      patients with extensive endometriosis combined with severe pelvic adhesive
      disease. In such patients a combined medical and surgical treatment offers
      advantages over each of these two approaches when applied individually. A three
      to six month course of danazol prior to conservative surgery facilitates surgical
      resection of endometriosis and limits its extent and is associated with better
      clinical results.

PMID- 6819581
TI  - Dynamics of cellular membranes during amphibian fertilization and early
      development.

PMID- 6819582
TI  - Pig muscle aldehyde reductase.

PMID- 6819583
TI  - Kinetic mechanism and structural properties of lens aldose reductase.

PMID- 6819584
TI  - Human carbonyl reductases.

PMID- 6819585
TI  - Comparative studies on distribution and properties of carbonyl reductase in
      mammalian tissues.

PMID- 6819586
TI  - Prostaglandin inhibition of apomorphine-induced circling in mice.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on apomorphine (apo)-induced circling was
      examined in unilaterally lesioned mice. Intraventricularly injected PGD2, PGE2,
      and PGF2 alpha at a dose of 1.0 nmole/g all inhibited apo-induced circling. When
      injected directly into the striatum, these same PGs also inhibited circling in a
      dose range of 0.01-0.1 nmole/g, while the PGE2 metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      PGE2, was inactive at 0.1 nmole/g. For both routes of administration, PGF2 alpha
      appeared to be the most potent of the PGs tested. PGs administered alone by
      either route to unilaterally lesioned mice did not produce circling. Pretreatment
      with the PG synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, caused the apo treated mice to
      circle at significantly higher rates than control animals. These results are the
      first report suggesting that within dopamine (DA)-mediated pathways PGs act at
      sites postsynaptic to the dopaminergic synapse.

PMID- 6819587
TI  - Effects of apomorphine on appetitive conditioning in 6-hydroxydopamine treated
      rat pups.
AB  - Rat pups were treated on postnatal day 5 either with the combination of
      desmethylimipramine (DMI) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to produce depletion of
      brain dopamine, or with control injections of saline. Two days later they were
      presented a novel anise odor paired with intraoral baby formula, and on the next
      day were tested for preference for the novel odor. Before conditioning and
      testing, animals were treated with either apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg) or isotonic
      saline. Performance of the conditioned appetitive response was impaired in
      dopamine depleted animals. In DMI/6-OHDA treated pups, apomorphine administration
      prior to conditioning produced an improvement in performance, but drug treatment
      prior to testing had no effect. In normal pups, apomorphine administration either
      before conditioning or testing produced impaired performance at testing.

PMID- 6819588
TI  - Pharmacological responses of the microvasculature of transplanted cardiac tissue.

PMID- 6819589
TI  - Growth inhibition of bacillus subtilis and composition of various propolis
      extracts.
AB  - The composition of 31 samples of propolis extract was investigated by using TLC.
      Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) prepared from the various propolis samples
      differ mainly in quantities of identified compounds, and not in kind of
      components present. According to the inhibitory activity against Bacillus
      subtilis, the propolis samples were grouped in three categories. It appears that
      the galangin content in a sample is a main constituent, which determines its
      antibacterial activity.

PMID- 6819590
TI  - Analgesic responses following adrenal demedullation and peripheral catecholamine
      depletion.

PMID- 6819591
TI  - Physical measurements with high-energy radioactive beams.

PMID- 6819592
TI  - Modifiers of radiation action on DNA screened by analytical ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 6819593
TI  - Treatment of asthma and bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 6819594
TI  - Specific inhibition of the phosphorylation of protein I, a synaptic protein, by
      affinity-purified anti-protein I antibody.

PMID- 6819595
TI  - Effect of lithium treatment and withdrawal on uptake of noradrenaline into rat
      brain synaptosomes: a kinetic study.

PMID- 6819596
TI  - Fluvoxamine maleate, a serotonergic antidepressant; a comparison with
      chlorimipramine.
AB  - 1. Fluvoxamine is a potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, with little or no
      noradrenergic or anticholinergic activity. 2. The results of three studies using
      an almost identical protocol with a prospectively randomized, double-blind design
      comparing fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine are presented. 3. In a population of 98
      subjects suffering from a variety of depressive conditions, there was a marked
      improvement over four weeks in both groups. dosage was maintained between 150 and
      300 mg per day. 4. There were no changes of clinical importance in vital signs,
      hematology or biochemistry, but pulse rates increased in the chlorimipramine
      group. 5. There were fewer concurrent signs and symptoms in the fluvoxamine
      group, especially those attributable to anticholinergic activity.

PMID- 6819597
TI  - Prolactin response to hypoglycemia in acute depression.
AB  - 1. We tested a group of acutely depressed patients with a neuroendocrine battery
      and confirmed the alterations of growth hormone response to hypoglycemia and TSH
      response to TRH reported by others. 2. In addition, in the same patient sample we
      found markedly reduced response of prolactin to hypoglycemia. 3. Prolactin
      response remained low when the patients were retested during depression, however,
      normalization took place on recovery. 4. An attempt is made to explain these
      findings by underlying neurotransmitter abnormalities.

PMID- 6819598
TI  - A comparison of the safety and efficacy of bupropion HCL and amitriptyline hcl in
      depressed outpatients.
AB  - 1. Thirty adult outpatients diagnosed with depressive illness were treated with
      either bupropion HCL or amitriptyline HCL. 2. Weekly ratings of efficacy and
      safety were undertaken using the Hamilton Depression, Hamilton Anxiety, Clinical
      Global Improvement, and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scales. Periodic physical
      investigations were also performed. 3. After 4 weeks of active treatment patients
      in both drug groups showed significant improvement on all rating scales. 4. The
      side effect profile of each drug was clinically different from one another with a
      notable absence of anticholinergic side effects characteristic of the bupropion
      group. 5. No significant laboratory or physical changes were found although
      slight changes in weight were noted with bupropion patients having a slight
      weight loss and amitriptyline patients a slight weight gain. There were no
      withdrawal effects from discontinuing either drug.

PMID- 6819599
TI  - Treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous clonazepam.
AB  - 1. Intravenous clonazepam was investigated in an open trial conducted in 24
      patients suffering from status epilepticus. 2. The administration of 1-2 mg
      clonazepam resulted in the complete control of 7/7 Petit Mal, 7/14 Grand Mal and
      2/3 partial complex cases. 3. The mean time to obtain clinical control of
      seizures after injection was 1.75 min. In all successfully treated cases
      normalization or improvement of the post-ictal EEG tracing was observed. 4. Vital
      signs measured before and immediately after clonazepam injections showed no
      clinically significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or respiration. Side
      effects consisted exclusively of transient mild to moderate drowsiness in 40% of
      patients. 5. These results indicate that intravenous clonazepam is rapidly
      effective and safe in the treatment of Petit Mal status and in certain cases of
      Grand Mal and partial complex status epilepticus. This agent therefore represents
      a useful alternative to diazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 6819601
TI  - [Adenovirus gene transcriptional system in vitro].

PMID- 6819602
TI  - Enrichment of human platelet phospholipids with linoleic acid diminishes
      thromboxane release.
AB  - We have investigated whether exposure of human platelets to elevated
      concentrations of linoleic acid, the principal dietary polyunsaturate, would
      influence platelet thromboxane A2 release. Platelets were incubated with albumin
      bound linoleic acid at 30 degrees C for 24 h, with prostaglandin E1 added to
      prevent aggregation. The linoleic acid supplemented platelets released, on
      average, 50% less thromboxane A2 in response to stimulation with thrombin than
      corresponding control platelets. Other fatty acids were without appreciable
      effect. The inhibition of thrombin-stimulated thromboxane A2 release was
      dependent on the time and temperature of incubation, as well as on the
      concentration of added linoleic acid. Supplementation increased the amount of
      linoleic acid in the platelet phospholipids, but the arachidonic acid content of
      the phospholipids was reduced. [1-14C]Linoleic acid was not converted to
      arachidonic acid by the platelets. Linoleic acid was released exclusively from
      the inositol phosphoglycerides when the enriched platelets were stimulated with
      thrombin. The linoleate-enriched platelets converted less [1-14C]arachidonic acid
      to all prostaglandin products, suggesting that the platelet cyclooxygenase was
      partially inhibited.

PMID- 6819600
TI  - Estradiol, TRH and striatal dopaminergic mechanisms.
AB  - 1. Estrogens have been shown to decrease the effect of apomorphine in a variety
      of animal behavioral models reflecting the sensitivity of striatal and mesolimbic
      dopamine receptors. 2. These include circling, and locomotor activity, in rats
      and suppression of midbrain tremor as well as lingual dyskinesia in monkeys. 3.
      Estradiol also increases the haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Moreover
      estradiol increases 3H spiroperidol specific binding in the rat striatum and
      potentiates the increase caused by haloperidol or denervation with 6
      hydroxydopamine. 4. These findings point to an action of estradiol similar to a
      week neuroleptic. 5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone when injected into the head of
      the caudate nucleus in cats induces a head turning response which may be
      ipsilateral or contralateral depending upon the injection site. The response is
      similar to the effect of dopamine injected into the same site. 6. The effect of
      dopamine but not that of TRH is blocked by prior administration of haloperidol
      indicating that although TRH has a dopamine-like action in the caudate nucleus,
      it is not mediated via the dopamine terminals or the dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6819603
TI  - Human monocytes synthesize eicosanoids from T lymphocyte-derived arachidonic
      acid.
AB  - T lymphocytes prelabeled with [14C] arachidonic acid failed to synthesize any
      eicosanoids even following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, but they did
      release free [14C] arachidonic acid. Co-culture of unlabeled monocytes with the
      prelabeled T lymphocytes resulted in the synthesis of [14C] thromboxane B2, a
      major monocyte-derived eicosanoid. These data show that monocytes can utilize T
      lymphocyte-derived arachidonic acid for the synthesis of eicosanoids.

PMID- 6819604
TI  - Stimulation of prostaglandin formation by vasoactive mediators in cultured human
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Human endothelial cells in culture synthesize prostaglandins and release these
      products into the culture medium. The major products of arachidonic acid
      metabolism were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography or thin layer
      chromatography, and release of prostaglandins was measured by radioimmunoassays.
      Addition of histamine or bradykinin enhanced release of prostaglandins in both
      arterial and venous endothelial cells. Other vasoactive compounds including
      angiotensin II, vasopressin, substance P, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or
      isoproterenol were ineffective. Release of prostaglandins by histamine was
      concentration-related, and involved H1 receptors, as determined by addition of
      histamine antagonists. Incubation of endothelial cells with 14C-arachidonic acid
      resulted in a time-dependent uptake into cell lipids, where most of the
      radioactivity was incorporated into phosphatidyl choline and neutral lipids.
      Endothelial cells released 14C-arachidonic acid as well as 14C-prostaglandins in
      response to either histamine or bradykinin. The enhanced release of 14C
      prostaglandins was inhibited by either indomethacin or mepacrine, but 14C
      arachidonic acid release was inhibited only by mepacrine. We conclude that the
      vasoactive compounds, histamine and bradykinin, stimulate formation of
      prostaglandins in endothelial cells by the release of arachidonic acid from
      phospholipids of the cell membrane.

PMID- 6819605
TI  - [Diverticulosis of the appendix: presentation of 3 cases].

PMID- 6819606
TI  - [Jaundice in newborn infants of mothers with intrahepatic cholestasis of
      pregnancy. Influence of maternal milk].

PMID- 6819607
TI  - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis virus: progress achieved].

PMID- 6819608
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 6819609
TI  - [Enzymatic and hormonal markers for the quality of human semen. Correlations
      between them].

PMID- 6819610
TI  - [Bovine brucellosis in central Africa. IV. An evaluation of its economic
      incidence and a cost-benefit calculation of eradication campaigns].

PMID- 6819611
TI  - [Double antibacterial therapy in untreated tuberculosis. Retrospective study of
      120 unselected patients treated between 1972 and 1974].

PMID- 6819612
TI  - [Significance of TRH as a stimulant of prolactin secretion].

PMID- 6819613
TI  - Influence of 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) on the secretion of prolactin, LH,
      FSH and testosterone and on testicular growth in rams subjected to different
      photoperiods.
AB  - The influence of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) on the secretion of
      gonadotrophins and on testicular function has been studied in rams subjected to
      either a normal photoperiod or an abnormal photoperiod causing
      hyperprolactinaemia. The CB 154 treatment significantly lowered the mean
      frequency of LH and testosterone pulses in hyperprolactinaemic animals as
      compared to solvent-treated ones. Also, only those groups subjected to an
      abnormal photoperiod (groups 2 and 3) exhibited a significant rise in the
      frequency of LH and testosterone peaks after CB 154 was withdrawn. During
      treatment, plasma FSH concentrations increased significantly only in group 1
      which was subjected to normal photoperiodic variations. Testicular growth was
      delayed in CB 154-treated rams compared to solvent-treated ones only in group 3
      (hyperprolactinaemic).

PMID- 6819614
TI  - Induction of hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase by oral methaqualone consumption.
AB  - Repeated oral administration of methaqualone (100 mg/kg/day) to rats for 6
      consecutive days evoked approximately two and a half fold increase in p
      nitrophenol glucuronidation by hepatic microsomes. Interestingly, the magnitude
      of UDP-glucuronyltransferase stimulation by methaqualone, when assessed in crude
      liver homogenate, was comparable to that obtained with isolated microsomes.

PMID- 6819615
TI  - The role of extracellular calcium in drug-induced contractile responses of the
      rabbit pulmonary artery.
AB  - Concentration-response relationships in rabbit pulmonary arteries to
      norepinephrine (NE), histamine (H) and potassium chloride (KC1) were determined
      in Ringer's solution containing 2.4, 1.2, 0.6, 0.1 or OmM CaCl2. The EC50 for NE
      and H did not vary with the extracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+ ext], but
      the EC50 for KC1 was greatly increased in 0.1mM Ca2+. Maximum isometric
      contractile force in response to NE and H was significantly decreased in OmM
      Ca2+. Addition of 0.1 mM EGTA to the Ca2+-free solution further depressed the
      responses. KC1-induced maximum tension was decreased in 1.2mM, 0.6mM, 0.1mM and
      0mM Ca2+. When a maximum concentration of NE (5 X 10(-5)M), H(5 X 10(-4)M) or KC1
      (6 X 10(-2) was added to the bath the initial rapid phase of contraction induced
      by NE or H appeared to be dependent upon the release of internal Ca2+ from EGTA
      sensitive and EGTA-resistant sites. The slow phase of contraction was dependent
      upon extracellular Ca2+. Both the fast and slow phase of contraction induced by
      KC1 (60 mM) was dependent upon extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of 0mM Ca2+
      the tension response to NE (5 X 10(-5)M) was maintained, but the tension response
      to H (5 X 10(-4)M) was not maintained.

PMID- 6819616
TI  - Effect of chloramphenicol on hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal functions in
      protein-energy malnourishment.
AB  - In both protein-energy malnourished (PEM) and normal rats, chloramphenicol (7.5
      mg/kg) competitively inhibits the activities of aniline hydroxylase and p
      aminopyrine N-demethylase. The decrease in enzyme activities was very much less
      in PEM rats. In both groups of animals, chloramphenicol also lowered the
      respiratory control ratio (RCR) of mitochondria. However, as with the microsomal
      function, the decrease in mitochondrial RCR in PEM rats (18.2%) was much less
      than that (45.8%) in normal rats. These results suggest that the toxic effects of
      chloramphenicol could be less in PEM conditions.

PMID- 6819617
TI  - Impairment of bile secretion induced by aflatoxin B1 in the rat.
AB  - The influence of Aflatoxin B1 on bile secretion was examined in rats. The toxin
      was given i.p. at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg body wt. It was observed 48 h after
      the injection a decrease in bile acid-independent and bile acid-dependent flow.
      Bile acid secretion was also decreased, whereas the outputs of cholesterol and
      phospholipids and the cholesterol saturation index of bile were unchanged. (14C)
      erythritol and (14C) sucrose biliary clearances decreased in parallel to bile
      flow, suggesting that the decrease in bile flow was of canalicular origin and
      that there was not alteration in the permeability of the biliary system.

PMID- 6819618
TI  - Sleep apnea considered as a control system instability.
AB  - In the present study a mathematical model of the chemical control of respiration
      is described which attempts to simulate periodic breathing during sleep. The
      model is an extension of an earlier model which has been shown to successfully
      reproduce the transient effects of CO2 inhalation on breathing, controlled
      changes in ventilation on arterial gas tension, and Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
      Included in the extended model are the effects of chemical stimuli during sleep
      on both chest wall and upper airway muscle activity. Data is presented indicating
      that simulations from the model reproduce reasonably well the essential features
      of the results obtained in eight subjects with periodic respiration during sleep
      when breathing room air, O2, or low concentrations of CO2. Simulations from the
      model and the experimental data suggest that periodic breathing during sleep
      results from unstable operation in the respiratory control system analogous to
      that seen during instabilities in physical control systems. The model indicates
      that obstructive as well as central apneas can be produced by control system
      instability. Furthermore, central apneas increase the likelihood of obstructive
      apneas while obstructive apneas tend to aggravate the control instability. The
      model results predict that the characteristics of the periodic breathing seen
      during sleep, such as apnea length, will depend on circulation time and the
      sensitivity of both upper airway and chest wall muscles to hypercapnia and
      hypoxia.

PMID- 6819619
TI  - Ventilation and carotid chemoreceptor discharge during venous CO2 loading via the
      gut.
AB  - A simple method of loading CO2 into the venous blood of anaesthetized or
      decerebrate cats is described. Heated humidified gas of high CO2 content is
      passed retrogradely through the gut. This increases CO2 elimination from the
      lungs by 1.8 to 3.6 fold, minute ventilation by 1.5 to 2.7 fold and cardiac
      output by 1.1 to 1.6 fold. This method of venous CO2 loading allows the recording
      of afferent nerve impulses. We show that it has little effect on the mean
      discharge frequency of carotid body chemoreceptors when end-tidal gases are held
      constant, but that it enhances greatly the amplitude of the respiratory
      oscillation of their discharge.

PMID- 6819620
TI  - Respiratory effects of pregnancy and progesterone in Jersey cows.
AB  - Unanesthetized Jersey cows were studied during both pregnant (5-9 months)
      nonlactating states, and nonpregnant lactating states; and also following
      treatment with progesterone (Pr). The pH, PCO2 and PO2 of aortic blood, VE and f
      were measured and the mixed expired gas was analyzed. The following significant
      changes from the nonpregnant state occurred during pregnancy: PaCO2 = -3.2 mm Hg,
      pHa = +0.02 unit, VT = -0.44 L, f = +7 breaths/min, and VE/VCO2 = +9.7.
      Concomitant with the respiratory studies, serum Pr levels were determined by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 11 nonpregnant and 5 pregnant cows, and in 6
      nonpregnant, lactating cows prior to and on days 3, 5 and 10 of treatment with Pr
      (500 mg, i.m., twice daily). Minute ventilation (VE, L X min-1 X kg-1, BTPS) was
      positively correlated (r = +0.59) and PaCO2 was negatively correlated (r = -0.64)
      with endogenous serum Pr levels of non-pregnant and pregnant cows. However,
      exogenous Pr did not significantly alter these parameters or pHa, despite mean
      serum levels nearly twice (23.6 +/- 10.2 ng/ml) those observed in pregnant cows
      (12.7 +/- 3.7 ng/ml). The increased ventilation during pregnancy in Jersey cows,
      shown in this study, does not appear to be related to Pr as exogenous Pr failed
      to induce hyperventilation. The correlation of increased ventilation with
      endogenous Pr levels therefore suggests that the mode of in vivo Pr release, or
      different compound, simultaneously released, could be the stimulus.

PMID- 6819621
TI  - Dynamics of brain extracellular fluid pH and phrenic nerve activity in cats after
      end-tidal CO2 forcing.
AB  - Ventilation is influenced by the interstitial [H+] of the brain. The pHecf, which
      in turn is determined largely by ventilation (via PaCO2) is sensed by the central
      chemoreceptors. In order to investigate the dynamics of both pHecf and neural
      tidal volume, we measured in cats with cut vagi and sinus nerves the dynamic
      medullary pHecf changes and the associated changes in integrated phrenic nerve
      activity after end-tidal CO2 forcing. The medullary surface ecf pH was measured
      with a glass electrode with a flat pH-sensitive surface. After CO2 up-steps, the
      pHecf changed with a time constant of about 43 sec, after down-steps 30 sec was
      found. The central time constant of the neural tidal volume response was 50 sec
      (mode) in both cases, whereas the overall response had a (modal) time constant of
      80 sec. The results indicate that pHecf dynamics and the dynamic characteristics
      of the central neural respiratory organization are about equally important in
      determining the dynamic neural tidal volume response. It is argued that when
      PaCO2 changes, the dynamic pHecf change is perfusion limited and macroscopically
      homogeneous within the brainstem. Therefore, in our view it seems that the
      location of the central chemoreceptors within the brainstem is of minor
      importance in determining the dynamic neural tidal volume response to PaCO2
      changes.

PMID- 6819622
TI  - [Determination of inhibitor of the first component of complement (C1 INH) in
      patients with hereditary angioedema].

PMID- 6819623
TI  - [Viral markers of acute hepatitis: a study in 291 children and adults in Chile].

PMID- 6819624
TI  - [Evaluation of the C14-aminopyrine test in patients with chronic liver damage].

PMID- 6819625
TI  - [Pseudothrombocytopenia: current concepts].

PMID- 6819626
TI  - [Premenstrual tension syndrome: current pathophysiologic and therapeutic
      concepts].

PMID- 6819627
TI  - [Controlled studies on the oral administration of progestagens, an antiestrogen
      and vitamin B6 in the treatment of mastodynias].

PMID- 6819628
TI  - Basic rest-activity cycle--22 years later.

PMID- 6819629
TI  - [A D-positive patient carrying anti-D].

PMID- 6819630
TI  - Altered thiol status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The thiol status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is significantly different
      from that of controls. Plasma thiol levels are lower, albumin thiol reactivity is
      altered and intracellular thiol levels measured after hemoglobin precipitation
      are increased. These variations correlate with other indices of disease severity
      and are one measure of a disturbance in the degree of oxidation of the blood.
      Penicillamine, in common with other effective therapeutic agents, produces an
      increase in serum thiol concentration. It causes a greater effect on serum thiol
      reactivity than other drugs and in particular it increases 'fast reacting' thiol
      levels without significantly altering the 'slow reacting' thiol level.

PMID- 6819631
TI  - [Where is nursing headed?].

PMID- 6819632
TI  - [Reading epilepsy crises].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of "reading epilepsy" followed for nine and seven
      years respectively. In the first case the seizures consisted in an alexic aura
      followed by secondary tonic clonic convulsion; in the second case the seizures
      consisted in jaw clenching followed by loss of consciousness. In both patients
      neuroradiological studies including C.T. were negative and in both the seizures
      were controlled by anti-epileptic treatment. Clinical and electro
      encephalographic features tended to differ in the two cases and the authors
      review the literature on the subject. These observations led to recognise three
      groups of reflex epilepsy as follows: the first group includes focal secondary
      generalised seizures with parieto-occipital spikes and spikes and waves in
      parieto-occipital lobes; the second group includes seizures starting with jaw
      clenching corresponding with bursts of posterior sharp-waves; the third group
      consists of endogenous cases which can not be included in the other two groups.

PMID- 6819633
TI  - Cortical focal epilepsy in a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
      Clinical considerations.

PMID- 6819634
TI  - [The determination of hCG in the urine of pregnant women by means of competitive
      enzyme immunoanalysis with hCG labeled with beta-Galactosidase. A preliminary
      communication].

PMID- 6819635
TI  - Preparing occupational noise regulations in Norway.

PMID- 6819636
TI  - Current views on pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.
AB  - In duodenal ulcer disease, peptic digestion and ulceration of the duodenal mucosa
      can be related to increased duodenal acidity, which in about half the patients is
      due to inherited gastric hypersecretion, with too many parietal and chief cells.
      The others, normosecretors, may have parietal and chief cells excessively
      stimulated by, and/or specially sensitive to, gastrins and the vagus, together
      with inadequate suppression of the release of antral gastrin and the secretion of
      gastric acid. The abnormality is gastric hypersecretion with inappropriate
      hypergastrinaemia. The reserve capacities of the duodenal defence mechanisms are
      probably normal, but there seems to be a functional impairment with inadequate
      defence by decreased bicarbonate secretion into the duodenum, but as yet no clear
      impairment of the release of mucosal hormones. There are marked hereditary
      factors in gastric ulcer too. Some ulcers are related to gastric irritants
      (salicylates, tobacco). Oi's anatomical dual-control mechanism explains why
      gastric ulcers are usually solitary and at one site. Gastritis and duodenal
      reflux are probably the most important factors in type 1, body ulcers. Gastric
      stasis may be a factor in type 2, combined ulcers. Type 3 prepyloric ulcers
      resemble duodenal ulcers, both in blood group and hypersecretion.

PMID- 6819638
TI  - HFRS antigen and antibody in two species of Swedish voles.

PMID- 6819637
TI  - Acute hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B in a Swedish community studied over a ten
      year period.
AB  - 985 episodes of hepatitis representing 98% of all acute hepatitis episodes found
      in a Swedish city during a 10-year period were analyzed for anti-hepatitis A IgM
      antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 311
      episodes (32%), hepatitis B in 494 (50%), simultaneous acute hepatitis A and B in
      12 (1.2%), and 168 episodes (17%) were classified as hepatitis non-A, non-B. The
      majority of the hepatitis A cases were drug addicts (58%), and all were
      concentrated in 3 outbreaks of 1-2 years duration. 16% of all hepatitis A cases
      were probably imported. Hepatitis B cases decreased significantly (p less than
      0.001) between the first and second half of the study period. 47% were drug
      addicts. Hepatitis non-A, non-B was also dominated by drug addicts (61%).
      Approximately 20% of the cases in all 3 types of hepatitis had no identifiable
      source.

PMID- 6819639
TI  - [Long-term digitalis therapy of elderly patients. Is digitalization unnecessary
      in the majority of cases?].
AB  - More than 40% of patients hospitalized in the Wald Altitude Clinic of Zurich are
      already on long-term digitalis therapy upon admission. During a 6 month period
      long-term digoxin therapy was discontinued in 97 patients (age 74 +/- 9 years)
      with stable cardiac insufficiency (NYHA class I-III) and sinus rhythm. During the
      hospitalization (37 +/- 20 days), clinical signs and symptoms, body weight,
      radiological heart size, and systolic time intervals were monitored. After an
      observation period of one week, digoxin was discontinued in all patients. Body
      weight, cardio-thoracic ratio and left ventricular ejection time remained
      unchanged after cessation of digoxin therapy during hospitalization. The pre
      ejection period showed a significant increase from 89 +/- 17 to 95 +/- 19 msec.
      Six patients were re-instituted on digoxin therapy, 3 due to progressive cardiac
      insufficiency, 2 due to atrial fibrillation, and 1 at his own request. After
      telephone follow-up six months later with the family physician an additional 20
      patients were put back on digitalis. Among the total of 26 patients requiring
      further digitalization an absolute indication was found only in 12 (14%), 8 due
      to progressive cardiac insufficiency and 4 due to atrial fibrillation. In this
      study digitalis therapy could be discontinued without ill effects in 86% of
      elderly clinically stable patients in sinus rhythm. The authors therefore
      recommend a more cautious use of long-term digitalis therapy and, in already
      digitalized patients in sinus rhythm, a controlled trial period of
      discontinuation.

PMID- 6819640
TI  - Case report 215. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6819641
TI  - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 6819642
TI  - Mapping of the genes of some components of the electron transport chain (complex
      I) on the X chromosome of mammals.
AB  - This paper describes genetic mapping studies with several respiration-deficient
      mutants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts which have a defect in complex I of the
      electron transport chain (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase). The mutations associated
      with two different complementation groups map on the X chromosome. In two cases
      (G14 and G20) karyotypic and isozyme analyses in hybrids have shown that a
      gene(s) on the mouse X chromosome complements the mutation(s) in the hamster cell
      mutant(s). A cosegregation analysis in hybrid cells has shown the corresponding
      genes to be linked to the HPRT genes (hamster-mouse hybrids of G14, and hamster
      hamster hybrids for G14 and G20). By the same method the defective gene in a
      third mutant (G4) was also shown to be X-linked. A mutation representing a third
      complementation group (G11) was shown to be on an autosomal gene. These results
      provide an explanation for our observation that cells with recessive mutations in
      complementation groups I and II can be selected at relatively high frequencies.

PMID- 6819643
TI  - Induction of prenatal toxicity in the rat by diethylstilbestrol, zeranol,
      3,4,3',4',-tetrachlorobiphenyl, cadmium, and lead.
AB  - A teratological study was conducted in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats dosed orally
      with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol (ZN), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB),
      cadmium, or lead on days 6-18 of gestation. Fetuses were examined on day 19 for
      growth retardation, resorption, gross malformations, and organ-level anomalies.
      Synthesis of protein, DNA, and proteoglycan in fetal limb cartilage was also
      studied by measuring the incorporation of labeled precursors in vitro. DES, ZN,
      and 4CB produced a dose-dependent increase in embryolethality. Treatment with DES
      caused an increase in cryptorchidism and edema, and reduced average fetal weight.
      Zeranol also decreased fetal weight, but was not teratogenic nor did it alter
      rates of synthesis of macromolecules in cartilage. 4CB caused severe intestinal
      lesions that were associated with accumulation of blood in the digestive tract
      and amniotic fluid. 4CB also decreased overall fetal size and total and ossified
      tibia lengths. Cadmium produced no malformations although incorporation of
      [3H]amino acids by limb cartilage was slightly increased. Lead was not
      teratogenic.

PMID- 6819644
TI  - PCBs and cola-colored babies: Japan, 1968, and Taiwan, 1979.

PMID- 6819645
TI  - Enhanced affinity for arachidonic acid in platelet-rich plasma from rats with
      Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - We have measured the response to arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet-rich plasma
      (PRP) of rats with Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. For this purpose we
      measured the kinetics of generation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a stable product of
      cyclooxygenase activity, in response to platelet stimulation with different
      concentrations of the substrate. The apparent Km of platelet cyclo-oxygenase for
      AA was similar in PRP from control rats and rats treated 1-5 days previously,
      whereas it was significantly reduced, as compared to controls, in PRP of rats
      treated 2-5 weeks previously. Such a difference was not observed when washed
      platelet suspensions were tested instead of PRP. Experiments with crossed
      platelet/plasma systems indicated that in rats treated from 2-5 weeks, a
      plasmatic abnormality was indeed responsible for the increased affinity of
      platelets for AA. It is conceivable that in this nephrotic syndrome model
      characterized by heavy proteinuria, some plasmatic component would be lost with
      the urine which is normally modulating the platelet response to AA. The observed
      increase in platelet affinity for AA could at least partially contribute to the
      enhanced thrombotic tendency reported in the same experimental model.

PMID- 6819646
TI  - Common units for clotting factors assayed against different standards.
AB  - There are no generally accepted units for clotting factors except factor VIII.
      Results are usually expressed as percentages of the standards used in the assays
      and standards vary in their potency. Over a six year period, factors V, VII and
      VIII were measured in over 3000 participants in the Northwick Park Heart Study.
      Six different standards had to be used. For comparative purposes, all results
      were expressed in terms of the first standard (71/11). This paper describes how
      appropriate conversion values were derived. Three different methods were
      compared. One consisted of the assay of each standard against its replacement.
      Another was based on the use of a reference plasma spanning the use of two
      successive standards. The third was a population-based, or epidemiological method
      using the data from all the participants in the study. This method is based on
      the assumption that results would be the same in comparable groups of study
      participants. In order to ensure comparability, personal characteristics which
      affect clotting factor levels, such as age and degree of obesity, were taken into
      account. The three methods gave similar results but the population method was, in
      general, the most satisfactory for factor VIII as well as factors V and VII, and
      has been adopted for routine use.

PMID- 6819647
TI  - Variation between batches in clotting factor assays.
AB  - Differences in factor V, VII and VIII potency between the standards used in the
      Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHS) are described in the previous paper. This paper
      discusses the variation from batch to batch within each standard. In every case
      there was significant variation between batches, the standard deviation of batch
      means being between a third and a half of that within batches. Some of this
      variation could be attributed to drifts over time, but most of the "batch effect"
      was not easily accounted for. It is relatively simple to correct for steady
      drift, but there is no satisfactory way of allowing for unexplained batch
      variation.

PMID- 6819648
TI  - Intravenous injections of tissue thromboplastin and phospholipase C in sheep.

PMID- 6819649
TI  - Platelet aggregation in whole blood determined using the Ultra-Flo 100 Platelet
      Counter.
AB  - The Ultra-Flo 100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter has proved a useful tool for
      measuring platelet aggregation in whole blood, the extent of aggregation being
      deduced from the number of single platelets that remain. The technique has
      allowed us to show that platelets aggregate spontaneously in citrated blood and
      in heparinized blood but not in whole blood collected into EDTA. The aggregation
      occurs during storage but its rate is enhanced by stirring and it occurs more
      readily when the whole blood has been exposed to plastic rather than glass. It
      occurs much more readily in whole blood from some individuals than from others
      and the process may involve adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The rate of aggregation
      in whole blood is enhanced by several aggregating agents including collagen, ADP
      and sodium arachidonate which are more usually studied in platelet-rich plasma.

PMID- 6819650
TI  - Effects of etamsylate on platelet functions and arachidonic acid metabolism.
AB  - The effects of etamsylate on human platelet aggregation and ATP release as well
      as on the arachidonate metabolism by the platelet have been studied. Etamsylate
      enhanced these platelet functions induced by arachidonic acid (AA), thromboxane
      A2, collagen and calcium ionophore A23187 but not those induced by ADP and
      epinephrine. In experiments with cyclooxygenase-inhibited platelets, AA-induced
      platelet aggregation was completely inhibited and it was not enhanced by
      etamsylate, while A23187-induced aggregation was partially inhibited and this
      aggregation was enhanced by etamsylate. Platelet AA metabolism including thrombin
      induced AA liberation from phospholipids as well as the lipoxygenase and cyclo
      oxygenase pathways was not significantly affected by etamsylate. These results
      suggested that etamsylate enhanced platelet response to thromboxane A2 and
      calcium ionophore and that this could be included as a mechanism for its
      potentiating effect on platelet functions.

PMID- 6819651
TI  - Analysis of the procoagulant activities of factor IX concentrates.
AB  - The Factor VIII content of Factor IX concentrates was investigated by agarose gel
      electrophoresis which removed the interfering effects of stabilisers and
      proteolytic enzyme inhibitors. Factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII C) as
      measured by clotting and amidolytic methods correlated well with the distribution
      of FVIII coagulant antigen (FVIII CAg). The FVIIIC activity was apparently not
      entirely due to the presence of activated coagulation enzymes, since none of the
      enzymicity patterns observed with various chromogenic substrates correlated
      completely with the FVIII peak. However, some enzyme activity was detected in
      positions coincident with the margins of the FVIII peak; these activities may
      represent complexes of some of the FVIII with activated coagulation factors.

PMID- 6819652
TI  - A study of hemostasis in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. V. A multivariate
      evaluation of risk indicators and predictors. Early results of a longitudinal
      study.
AB  - The study includes 119 patients with minor ischemic cerebrovascular lesions
      before the age of 55 during 1976-78. Atherosclerotic signs were found in 65% at
      aortocranial angiography and/or exercise test (ST depression). Abnormalities in
      hemostasis (defective fibrinolytic response in 50%, high Factor VIII activity in
      45% of those investigated, and high Factor VIII related antigen (VIII R:Ag) in
      20%) could not be explained by accumulation of atherosclerotic risk factors as
      most often no significant independent correlations were found at stepwise
      multiple regression. Significant correlations with aortocranial atherosclerosis
      was found for age, VIII R:Ag and blood pressure reaction at exercise test. Only E
      SR showed significant correlation to ST depression at exercise test. These
      results indicate different determinants and risk indicators for atherosclerosis
      with different locations. An early evaluation of the longitudinal study (mean 42
      months' follow up) showed that 16 patients had suffered new occlusive vascular
      incidents. The malign prognostic subgroup (cerebral or myocardial infarction or
      death; n = 10) showed significantly higher levels of VIII R:Ag (p less than
      0.005) and triglycerides (p less than 0.05) than the benign group (new TIA, n =
      6). This indicates that VIII R:Ag may be a useful marker for development of
      atherosclerosis and predictor for the outcome of ICD.

PMID- 6819653
TI  - [Respirator therapy of critically ill patients. A cost-effectiveness study].

PMID- 6819654
TI  - A study on the dissolution and disintegration of calcium bilirubinate stones,
      with special reference to effects of litholytic agents in human bile and to
      irrigation of bile duct in dogs.
AB  - 1) Slices of calcium bilirubinate stones were readily soluble in bile added with
      tetrasodium salt of ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA.4Na). 2) Bile added
      with 3 agents, EDTA.4Na, ursodeoxycholate (Urso), and heparin could dissolve
      calcium bilirubinate stones more easily than, or comparably to, the bile added
      only with EDTA.4Na. 3) The pH of the bile added with the combination of EDTA.4Na
      Urso-heparin was 8.72 +/- 0.15, which was slightly more neutral than the bile
      added with EDTA.4Na alone. 4) In dogs, the bile duct was dilated and irrigated
      with an EDTA solution for 4 weeks. This irrigation resulted in no abnormalities
      in hepatic function, the serum calcium level, or the histology of the gallbladder
      or the common bile duct. In conclusion, the combined solution of EDTA.4Na-Urso
      heparin is effective for the dissolution and disintegration of calcium
      bilirubinate stones with little disturbance of human bodies.

PMID- 6819655
TI  - Bioavailability of bound residues.
AB  - Due to the use of radiolabeled drugs and feed additives in residue evaluation of
      preclearance approval of new animal drug applications (NADAs), metabolites
      including those which are covalently bound are detected in the edible tissues of
      target food animals. Isolation and characterization of these residues is often a
      difficult task. The approach taken is to couple safety assessment with
      development of the required residue information. An outline of data development
      is made in the context of toxicity assessment. Unless otherwise adjusted, the
      sponsor's method of residue analysis and drug withdrawal time reflect
      responsibility of all drug residues of toxicological concern found in edible
      tissues. The use of bioavailability studies and how they interact with safety
      evaluation is developed. Focus is brought to the specific problem of covalently
      bound residues and a framework for their assessment is presented.

PMID- 6819656
TI  - Rat hepatoma cells show extreme sensitivity to aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 6819657
TI  - Purification of three arginine esterases from the venom of the Western
      Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox).
AB  - Three acidic arginine esterases have been isolated from the venom of the Western
      Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). These components demonstrated marked
      differences in ionic characteristics, as noted by KCl gradient elution from a
      DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column. Molecular weights, as determined from gel permeation
      chromatography, were estimated at 25,100 (fraction D), 24,000 (B); and 22,900 (F)
      for the three separate enzymes. The two larger enzymes (B and D) exhibited
      similar activities toward the synthetic substrates alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine
      ethyl ester and alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide. Hydrolysis rates were
      similar to commercial trypsin preparations. Fraction F exhibited a markedly lower
      activity as an arginine esterase and negligible activity as an arginine amidase.
      Arginine esterase activity was evident for all three enzymes in the presence of
      ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.

PMID- 6819658
TI  - Configuration assignments of the amino acid residues and the presence of N
      methyldehydroalanine in toxins from the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa.
AB  - The configuration assignment of the alpha-carbon atom of amino acid residues in
      four toxin variants from Microcystis aeruginosa have been made by stereospecific
      enzymic transformations. The relative conformation assignment of the beta-carbon
      atom of beta-CH3-aspartic acid could be made by comparison of the electrophoretic
      mobility with literature values reported for the authentic compound. The presence
      of an N-methyldehydroalanine residue, which, due to elimination of methylamine
      under hydrolytic conditions, previously escaped detection by conventional means,
      has been confirmed by identification of N-methylalanine in the hydrolysate after
      reduction of toxin with sodium borohydride.

PMID- 6819659
TI  - Isolation and characterization of four toxins from the blue-green alga,
      Microcystis aeruginosa.
AB  - Two alternative procedures for the isolation of toxins from the blue-green alga,
      Microcystis aeruginosa forma aeruginosa, are described. A novel approach is
      reported, whereby contaminating impurities are succinylated, exploiting the
      absence of free amino groups in toxin variants. All toxin variants comprise a
      hydrocarbon blocking group, five amino acid residues detectable by conventional
      means, while methylamine is liberated upon acid hydrolysis. Possible structural
      features are discussed relating to the observed chemical and physical properties
      of the toxins.

PMID- 6819660
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a proteolytic enzyme from the venom of the
      snake Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca).
AB  - Bothropasin, one of the proteases from the venom of Bothrops jararaca active on
      casein, was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and DEAE
      Sephadex A-50 chromatographies and Sephadex G-100 column filtration. The
      preparation possessed no other detectable activities which are present in the
      crude venom. Addition of Ca2+ during purification stabilized the enzyme. The
      endopeptidase was inhibited by EDTA and EGTA; Ca2+ did not restore the activity
      of the inhibited enzyme. The material was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoreses at different pH values, immunoprecipitation and crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the denatured
      and reduced enzyme had only a 48,000 molecular weight band. In the presence of 6
      M guanidine-HCl and 0.1 M beta-mercaptoethanol the preparation showed a value of
      49,870 by sedimentation equilibrium. The native tertiary structure of the protein
      is dependent on S-S and metal bonds. The denatured and reduced enzyme, in the
      presence of EDTA, showed a molecular weight of 37,300 by sedimentation
      equilibrium, a value which was also confirmed in SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The enzyme hydrolyzed five peptide bonds: His-Leu (5-6), His
      Leu(10-11), Ala-Leu(14-15), Tyr-Leu(16-17) and Phe-Phe(24-25) in the B-chain of
      oxidized insulin.

PMID- 6819661
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of high voltage irradiation of malignant
      gynecologic tumors in a nude mouse model].
AB  - Not only the effect of cytostatic drugs and hormones, but also that of ionizing
      radiation can be tested after transplantation of human tumoral tissue into nu/nu
      mice with thymic aplasia. In this study, the effects of high voltage irradiations
      dosed up to 60 Gy (fractionation 2 X 5 Gy per week) to three carcinomas of the
      endometrium, three carcinomas of the cervix, three ovarian carcinomas, and one
      mammary metastasis of an immunoblastic sarcoma were observed during a period of
      120 days. This irradiation plan could be performed without problems in eight
      cases, in two cases it had to be stopped after 50 Gy. Nine tumors decreased
      significantly in size, reaching sizes which were below those measured before
      irradiation. In six among the nine cases, the tumors grew again after different
      periods of observation. In case of rather long periods of observation, those
      points within the curves of development can be taken as efficacy indices which
      are representing the lowest or the initial values of tumor sizes. In another
      study, the effects of high voltage irradiation to tumors of the nude mouse are
      correlated to those found in the corresponding patients.

PMID- 6819662
TI  - Inhibitory action of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on rodent malaria (Plasmodium
      berghei).

PMID- 6819663
TI  - Titres of antibodies to gut-derived antigens in patients with chronic
      schistosomiasis mansoni.
AB  - Serum titres of antibodies against six intestinal, one ubiquitous and one non
      intestinal bacteria were determined in patients with severe hepatosplenic
      schistosomiasis mansoni, with light intestinal schistosomiasis and in normal
      subjects. No significant difference was observed among the three groups of
      subjects for levels of antibodies against two non-intestinal bacteria and four of
      the intestinal bacteria. Patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis had titres
      of antibodies against one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one strain of
      Escherichia coli lower than those observed in other groups of subjects. Despite
      the partial obliteration of the hepatic blood outflow and the elevated portal
      pressure, hepatic clearance of the portal blood is efficient in chronic human
      schistosomiasis, and unlike alcoholic liver cirrhosis, avoids excessive
      stimulation of the immune system by a gut-derived antigens.

PMID- 6819664
TI  - [Current principles in cerebral resuscitation].

PMID- 6819665
TI  - Selenium deficiency during total parenteral nutrition--a case report.

PMID- 6819667
TI  - The effects of hemoperfusion using coated charcoal or tyrosinase artificial cells
      on middle molecules and tyrosine in brain and serum of hepatic coma rats.

PMID- 6819666
TI  - Carbon dioxide and the membrane artificial lung: their roles in the prevention
      and treatment of respiratory failure.

PMID- 6819668
TI  - Development, testing and modeling of an islet transplantation chamber.

PMID- 6819669
TI  - Cold storage of rat pancreatic islets prior to transplantation.

PMID- 6819670
TI  - Buffer metabolism in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD):
      relationship with respiratory dynamics.

PMID- 6819672
TI  - Evaluation of a new low pressure drop membrane oxygenator.

PMID- 6819671
TI  - Microbiologic evaluation of a new glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant for
      hemodialysis systems.

PMID- 6819673
TI  - Total extracorporeal CO2 removal in a pumpless artery-to-vein shunt.

PMID- 6819674
TI  - Hematologic survey during low frequency positive pressure ventilation with
      extracorporeal CO2 removal.

PMID- 6819675
TI  - The use of the extracorporeal membrane lung in the successful resuscitation of
      severely hypoxic and hypercapnic fetal lambs.

PMID- 6819677
TI  - New treatments for diabetes.

PMID- 6819676
TI  - Artificial red cells with polyhemoglobin membranes prepared by liquid membrane
      techniques.

PMID- 6819678
TI  - Animal models of diabetes and immunological problems with islet allografts.

PMID- 6819679
TI  - Enterocolitis in piglets caused by Cryptosporidium sp. purified from calf faeces.
AB  - Twelve gnotobiotic piglets were dosed with a bacteria-free calf faecal homogenate
      which contained Cryptosporidium oocysts. The infection induced severe
      enterocolitis in piglets when inoculated at 1 day of age, moderate diarrhoea at 7
      days of age and a subclinical infection at 15 days of age. In piglets aged 3 days
      or less, the entire intestine was extensively infected with Cryptosporidium and
      the mucosa was severely damaged. In piglets 7 days of age or older, the upper
      small intestine was sparsely infected with the organisms, but the ileum and the
      large bowel were heavily infected with associated mucosal damage.

PMID- 6819680
TI  - The endogenous stages of Sarcocystis cameli (Mason, 1910).
AB  - The endogenous stages of Sarcocystis cameli (Mason, 1910) in the small intestine
      of dogs are described. These stages are mainly in the posterior third of the
      small intestine. They were observed only in the lamina propria of the distal
      third of the villi. There was no schizogonic process. Micro and macrogamonts were
      differentiated 18 h p.i. The first zygote was observed 24 h later. Unsporulated
      oocysts were found 30, 36, 42, 48 h and 4 days p.i. The oocysts started
      sporulation on the 5th day p.i. Completely sporulated oocysts were formed 8 days
      p.i.

PMID- 6819681
TI  - Isolation of two lipoprotein antigens from the metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena
      (Pallas, 1766) and Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780) and their evaluation in sero
      diagnosis.
AB  - Two identical host contaminant-free lipoprotein antigens were isolated from the
      metacestodes of T. hydatigena and T. multiceps, of which antigen 1 was more
      reactive than antigen 2. These antigens appear to be identical with antigens B
      and A, respectively, and antigen 2 with arc 5 of Echinococcus granulosus
      described by other workers. Attempts to use these antigens in serodiagnosis
      showed that only in the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique was there any
      increased sensitivity and specificity compared with the unpurified cyst fluid
      antigens. No correlation was found between the size of the infecting dose, the
      number of cysts found at necropsy, the IHA titres, or number of precipitation
      lines seen in immunodiffusion tests.

PMID- 6819683
TI  - [Contribution of the auxilliary personnel to the control of drug quality].

PMID- 6819684
TI  - [Contribution of the auxilliary personnel to the detection and prevention of some
      allergic reactions to drugs].

PMID- 6819682
TI  - Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature, pH and the number of worms on the in
      vitro survival, histology and histochemistry of Paramphistomum cervi
      (Paramphistomatidae: Digenea).
AB  - Survival of immature and mature stages of Paramphistomum cervi, collected from
      the intestine and the rumen of sheep has been studied in in vitro using Tyrode's,
      Hank's, Eagle's, Stephenson's saline and Hedon--Fleig media. Twenty-five ml
      quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich Hedon--Fleig solution at pH 6.7, at 37
      degrees C supported the maximum survival of 5 worms of both immature and mature
      flukes for periods of 9 and 10 days, respectively. Alterations to the pH of the
      medium, the incubation temperature and the number of worms significantly affected
      the period of their in vitro survival. The tissues of immature and mature worms
      did not show any marked histological and histochemical change until 24 h of in
      vitro survival in Hedon--Fleig solution when the testes of adult worms started
      undergoing degeneration. There was a progressive depletion of stored lipids and
      carbohydrates in the parenchymatous tissue during the course of in vitro
      survival. After the second day of in vitro maintenance, the maturation of the
      worms' vitelline follicles was affected, and thereafter they started to
      degenerate. On Day 4, degeneration of some gastrodermal cells, and a ruptured
      body wall were observed in some worms. Though the degenerative changes in the
      tissues of worms appeared at 24 h and continued to increase during in vitro
      maintenance, the worms survived for 9-10 days.

PMID- 6819685
TI  - [The integration of hygienic concepts, both theoretical and practical, in the
      activity of physical education. Strengthening the body of pre-school children].

PMID- 6819687
TI  - [Detection and prevention of risk factors in infantile morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 6819686
TI  - [The National Association of Nurses from Romania, a framework for the development
      and the affirmation of the profession. II].

PMID- 6819688
TI  - [Intra-anesthetic plasma volume treatment in patients undergoing surgery for
      upper digestive hemorrhage].

PMID- 6819689
TI  - [Artificial feeding, a risk factor in infant morbidity].

PMID- 6819690
TI  - [Risk factors in the framework of the concept of healthy human medicine].

PMID- 6819691
TI  - [The anti-cancer campaign, a major subject for nurses all over the world].

PMID- 6819694
TI  - [Role of auxilliary personnel in the assistance of patients with complicated
      acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 6819692
TI  - [The mental component of health - an educational priority].

PMID- 6819693
TI  - [Medical and surgical emergencies as reflected in the activity of the auxilliary
      personnel].

PMID- 6819695
TI  - [Integration of the auxilliary health personnel in the team working for the
      recuperation of children aged between 3 and 9 years with neuropsychological
      afflictions].

PMID- 6819696
TI  - [Treatment of adductor contracture in spastic cerebral palsy].

PMID- 6819697
TI  - [Importance of intuitive accessories and of puppet shows in health education
      activities in preschool institutions].

PMID- 6819698
TI  - Long term experiment of perfluorochemicals using rabbits.
AB  - Morphological changes six months of two years after the administration of
      Perfluorochemicals (PFC) in rabbits injected with a large amount of PFC (67
      mg/kg) have already been reported by Ohnishi and Kitazawa (1979, 1980, and 1981).
      In this paper, the authors report on the persistence of large numbers of foamy
      cells in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and many in the kidneys, lung and bone
      marrow, up to two years after administration. Quantitative analysis of PFC in
      various organs showed that it was retained. The liver revealed progressive
      fibrosis surrounding the foamy cells in or around the Glisson's sheath.

PMID- 6819699
TI  - Immunoreactive elastin in benign breast tissues. An immunoperoxidase study.
AB  - Immunohistological localisation of elastin was achieved by means of the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase method after preliminary trypsinisation of sections
      from 48 benign breast biopsies. The procedure allows retrospective examination of
      routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue. In general the
      immunolocalisation of elastin showed a close microanatomical correlation with the
      fibres demonstrable in sections from the same blocks by standard elastic-fibre
      stains. Discrepancies between elastic-fibre stains and elastin immunoreactivity
      appear to relate to the enhanced avidity of the antibody for immature elastin. In
      this way sites of recent synthesis of elastin were demonstrated in the inner zone
      of the periductal elastica, sclerosing adenosis, and in the internal elastic
      lamina of breast arteries which displayed reduplication of the internal elastic
      lamina or intimal proliferation.

PMID- 6819700
TI  - Occurrence of both growth hormone- and prolactin-immunoreactive material in the
      cells of human somatotropic pituitary adenomas containing mammotropic elements.

PMID- 6819701
TI  - Divergency between incidence of microscopic and macroscopic metastases.
AB  - In a rat fibrosarcoma model (D-12), the incidence of macroscopic metastases was
      generally low but critically dependent on the site of the primary tumor implant;
      surgical removal of the primary tumor either induced or markedly enhanced the
      outgrowth of macroscopic metastases (Keller 1981). The present histological and
      biological findings indicate that dissemination of neoplastic cells and
      colonization of draining lymph nodes is a spontaneous, early occurring and
      continuing process. The incidence of micrometastases within lymph nodes by far
      exceeded the incidence of macroscopically evident metastases. Other evidence
      suggests that the growth characteristics of D-12 tumor cells derived from
      metastases are not measurably different from D-12 cells inducing primary tumor
      growth.

PMID- 6819702
TI  - DNA-flow-cytometric measurements on the normal, atrophic, hyperplastic and
      neoplastic human endometrium.
AB  - DNA distribution patterns and the fractions of the cell cycle phases were
      determined by means of flow-through cytometry in 87 samples of normal, atrophic,
      hyperplastic and carcinomatous human endometrium. The S-phase fractions vary
      during the normal menstrual cycle between 1 and 3% and reach a periovulatory
      maximum between 4.4 and 4.7%. Atrophic endometrium and regressive glandular
      cystic hyperplasia have little DNA synthesis (1.01% and 1.68% S-phase fractions
      respectively). Proliferating glandular cystic hyperplasia reveals 3.38% S-phase
      fraction, whereas adenomatous hyperplasia has an increased number of DNA
      synthesizing cells (4.81%). The well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma shows
      no cytophotometrically detectable differences in comparison to adenomatous
      hyperplasia. All endometrial samples except for poorly differentiated endometrial
      carcinoma showed a diploid to tetraploid DNA distribution pattern. The poorly
      differentiated endometrial carcinoma displays two different types: one rapidly
      growing diploid-tetraploid tumor with 8.0 to 9.6% S-phase fractions, and another
      type with stemline deviations, polyploid nuclei and less pronounced synthetic
      activity.

PMID- 6819703
TI  - Adamantinoma of bone. An electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Adamantinoma of bone is a rare tumor, and fine structural analysis has been done
      in only a few cases. We report four cases studied by electron microscopy and
      immunohistochemical methods. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed a characteristic
      constellation of features, including intracellular bundles of type I
      microfilaments, moderate numbers of evenly dispersed mitochondria, scattered
      profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional Golgi bodies and lysosomes,
      and scattered glycogen particles. Microvillous processes and desmosomes were
      identified in all tumors. Well-formed basement membranes enveloped cell clusters
      but did not surround individual cells. Intercellular basement membrane-like
      material also was found focally in pools. Ultrastructural features of endothelial
      differentiation, including Weibel-Palade bodies, micropinocytotic vesicles, and
      tight junctions, were not identified. Immunoperoxidase stains for coagulation
      factor VIII (von Willebrand factor) and blood group antigens were negative,
      whereas similar stains for keratin were positive. Our findings strongly suggest
      that adamantinoma is a neoplasm expressing definite epithelial, rather than
      endothelial, characteristics.

PMID- 6819704
TI  - Morphometric lightmicroscopic and immunohistochemical analyses of differentiated
      thyroid carcinomas.

PMID- 6819705
TI  - Identification of Langerhans cells: simultaneous use of sera to intermediate
      filaments, T6 and HLA-DR antigens on oral mucosa, human epidermis and their
      tumours.
AB  - Langerhans cells in oral mucosa and epidermis have been identified using
      antibodies to intermediate filament proteins in conjunction with antibodies to T6
      and HLA-DR antigens. Langerhans cells, lymphocytes and melanocytes are positive
      when tested with antibodies to vimentin, and negative with antibodies to
      prekeratin. Langerhans cells are also positive with antibodies directed against
      HLA-DR and T6 antigens. In contrast keratinocytes are positive for prekeratin and
      negative for vimentin, HLA-DR and T6. These methods provide a useful tool for the
      identification of Langerhans cells at the level of the light microscope, and have
      been used to show changes in the number and arrangement of these cells in
      squamous cell carcinomas of skin and oral mucosa, and in inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 6819706
TI  - Cytophotometric determination of nuclear size and DNA distribution in different
      hyperfunctioning thyroid lesions.
AB  - Nuclear enlargement in hyperfunctioning thyroid lesions which has been found in
      earlier cytophotometric studies is also one of the criteria in the subjective
      histological estimation of thyroid function. Histopathological assessment is,
      however, often unreliable. In the present study stage scanning cytophotometric
      measurements in Feulgen-stained tissue sections were used to determine the
      nuclear changes encountered in non-toxic and toxic nodular goitre, and in toxic
      diffuse goitre. To ensure optimal selection of specimens for measurements
      autoradiography was used. Specimens of toxic diffuse goitre invariably had
      enlarged nuclei, but no difference was found between nodules in nontoxic and
      toxic nodular goitre. In fact, the same nuclear area was found in hot nodules,
      warm nodules and perinodular tissue in non-toxic nodular goitre, and in hot
      nodules in toxic nodular goitre. Thus there are lesions with clear-cut clinical,
      biochemical, and autoradiographic hyperfunction that do not have enlarged nuclei.
      Against this background it is possible that the nuclear enlargement present in
      toxic diffuse goitre reflects the disorder in itself and not the hyperfunctioning
      state. Hyperdiploid cell nuclei were found in all cases of toxic diffuse goitre
      and in a higher percentage than in the other lesions. It was not possible to
      distinguish nontoxic and toxic nodular goitre on this basis.

PMID- 6819707
TI  - Distribution of lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin in
      adenocarcinomas of the stomach and large intestine. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin were demonstrated by
      an immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) in malignant cells of adenocarcinomas of the
      stomach but not of the large intestine. Lymph-node metastases showed identical
      immunoreactivity to that of the primary tumour. Neoplasms arising from the
      cardia, the body and the pyloric antrum of the stomach showed different
      immunostaining reactions. It seems that these differences partly reflect the
      distribution of lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin in the
      normal gastric mucosa. The usefulness of our findings in the identification of
      the primary tumour in cases of lymph node metastases of unknown origin, is also
      discussed.

PMID- 6819708
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of bile duct epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis in
      relation to progression of bile duct loss.
AB  - Using wedge liver biopsies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC),
      ultrastructural features of the intrahepatic bile ducts in livers with slight or
      no bile duct loss were compared with those in livers with advanced bile duct loss
      and in extrahepatic cholestasis (EHC). Most changes in the biliary epithelium in
      PBC were similar to those in EHC. Microvillous loss and bleb formation,
      mitochondrial damage and increase in endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were
      found in PBC irrespective of the degree of bile duct loss, and also in EHC. These
      changes were present almost equally at any level of the biliary tree, and are
      presumed to represent a variety of non-specific lesions of biliary epithelial
      cells. As the loss of bile ducts in PBC progressed, cytoskeletal filaments and
      cytophagosomes increased in number and basement membranes were more thickened and
      reduplicated. These changes were more or less conspicuous in smaller branches of
      the biliary tree, and were also prominent in EHC. They might be causally related
      to the bile flow disturbance in the liver. Lateral intercellular spaces were
      irregularly dilated and contained osmiophilic membranous and/or granular
      material, similar to that found in duct lumena, within and without the basement
      membrane, and in the cytoplasm of periductal macrophages. Furthermore,
      pinocytotic vesicles were increased in the biliary cytoplasm facing periphery.
      These findings suggest possible alteration of the permeability of biliary
      epithelial cells, probably in the direction from the lumena to the periductal
      tissue. Such changes were found in PBC livers with virtual absence of bile duct
      loss, and the significance of this phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 6819709
TI  - Upper genital tract abnormalities in the Syrian hamster as a result of in utero
      exposure to diethylstilbestrol. I. Uterine cystadenomatous papilloma and
      hypoplasia.
AB  - Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) causes a significant increase in
      the carcinogenic response of the hamster's reproductive tract to subsequent DES
      treatment. Uteri from DES treated females from untreated- and DES treated mothers
      (C.D & D.D) have abnormal hyperplasia with characteristic finger-like structures
      projecting into the lumen of the uteri. Inside these papillae along with the rest
      of the stroma are cystic glands. We found that these glands had no openings into
      the uterine lumen and that they "begin" and "end" in the stroma. In addition
      there are two types of cells lining the cystic gland i.e., pale cells and
      acidophilic cells. Capillary beds surround the cystic glands. We have named these
      uterine structures "cystadenomatous papilloma". In addition, we found a spectrum
      of hyperplastic abnormalities in C.D and D.D uteri and carcinoma in situ in D.D
      uteri. Similar neoplasms have been described in human pathology. Ultrasound
      observations have demonstrated that in utero exposure to DES may result in
      uterine hypoplasia and because it appears to be similar to the changes seen in
      prenatally DES treated (D.C) hamsters, cross sectional areas of C.C (untreated
      control), D.C, C.D and D.D uteri were compared. Our results show that later in
      life uterine hypoplasia also occurs in the 100 days old D.C hamsters and since
      D.C uteri present hyperplasia with cystic structures, our data support the
      hypothesis that in utero DES-treated human females may later in life develop
      benign and malignant lesions in their reproductive tract. Much of these data
      corresponds to what has been found in humans, and consequently warrants further
      investigation into the use of Syrian hamster as a model to understand the uterine
      abnormal morphogenesis in regards to hypoplasia, adenocarcinoma and carcinoma
      development in the human.

PMID- 6819711
TI  - Severe glomerular mesangiolysis in a patient with rectal adenocarcinoma treated
      with cytotoxic drugs.
AB  - A 72 year old man with rectal adenocarcinoma developed chronic renal failure when
      treated by surgery and subsequent chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, Mitomycin C and
      Cytosine arabinoside) and immunotherapy. Light microscopy provided evidence of
      severe glomerular changes with extensive mesangiolysis and vascular damage.
      Electron microscopy confirmed the mesangiolysis and showed nuclear changes in
      mesangial cells with nuclear pockets, chromatin loss and margination. There was
      further indirect evidence of endothelial cell damage. It is suggested that the
      glomerular changes should be attributed to a direct cytotoxic effect on the
      mesangial cells.

PMID- 6819710
TI  - Ectomesenchymoma. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of ectomesenchymoma are reported. This tumor type is defined as a form
      including ectodermal components represented by neuroblasts or ganglion cells and
      differentiated mesenchymal structures of various types. Some authors classify
      this tumor with the peripheral nerve neoplasms but we consider it to be a
      distinct neoplasm. Clinically and pathologically the tumors have no features of
      peripheral nerve tumors and may occur with nerves or away from them.

PMID- 6819714
TI  - [Anorexia and cachexia in neoplastic diseases].
AB  - The viewpoints of heterogenous medical and other specialists as regards the
      problems of anorexia and cachexia in oncological patients are still to be
      subjected to experimental and clinical elaboration and specification. A definite
      purposefulness is required during the disseminated stages as well as during the
      complications resulting from the treatment. Numerous publications on those
      problems appeared during the last several years and a separate copy of the
      competent journal "Cancer" (1979) of the American anticancer society in
      Philadelphia was dedicated to anorexia, cachexia and parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6819713
TI  - Pulmonary and systemic cerebellar tissue embolism due to birth injury.
AB  - Brain tissue embolism in the coronary, leptomeningeal and pulmonary arteries was
      discovered microscopically following the autopsy of a female newborn. Death
      occurred 8 h after breech delivery, which had been complicated by both arms being
      turned up beside the head. The dislodged brain tissue originated from the left
      cerebellar hemisphere and had entered the venous blood stream through a rupture
      of the left sinus transversus. Both "paradoxical" systemic and pulmonary artery
      embolization ensued. The baby died from the combined effects of cerebral
      haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and shock.

PMID- 6819716
TI  - RN dispensing explored by Boards.

PMID- 6819712
TI  - The evolution of experimental endarteritis in the rabbit abdominal aorta. Light
      and transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - Experimental aortic intimal thickening has been induced in rabbits by sheathing
      the vessel with a polyethylene cuff. The alterations have been examined by light
      and transmission electron microscopy, during 12 months. An irregular intimal
      thickening develops as soon as the 15th day and includes numerous myofibroblasts
      with some other cells of monocytic or endothelial type. Microfibrils, elastic
      aggregates and collagen fibers are found in the intercellular space.
      Simultaneously, the media undergoes a fragmentation of the elastic laminae and
      the adventitia shows a capillary angiectasis and a granuloma. After 3 months
      there is, between the intimal smooth muscle cells, a progressive increase of
      elastic and collagenous material. In the media, elastic break up becomes more
      frequent after the 4th month and myocytes appear increasingly atrophic, which
      facilitates the extension of fibrosis. This is accompanied at times by a thinning
      of the arterial wall with or without localized disappearance of the media. All
      these modifications are discussed and compared to what we had previously found in
      the femoral artery [12].

PMID- 6819717
TI  - The wind and the lonely: an experience with poetry in a therapeutic relationship.

PMID- 6819715
TI  - [Case of Fabry's disease].
AB  - A patient is described, admitted to the clinic on the occasion of proteinuria,
      edemas and arterial hypertension. The clinical and paraclinical data formed the
      picture of a renal involvement of mainly glomerular type with proteinuria to 5
      gr%0, nonselective type, edemas, hypertension and data of chronic renal
      insufficiency I degree (serum creatinine to 3.8%, blood urea to 112 mg%). What
      impresses are the extrarenal manifestations as paresthesia of the lower limbs,
      with a sense of numbness to acute burning pain, a rich psychonervous
      symptomatics. The skin efflorescence, followed up and observed at the clinic of
      dermatology and the puncture biopsy material from the kidney revealed specific
      signs of Fabry syndrome.

PMID- 6819718
TI  - Effects on the liver of chemicals encountered in the workplace.
AB  - The liver plays a central role in toxicology. It is the primary organ of
      detoxification and elimination by metabolism of many chemicals. Many workplace
      chemicals can affect the liver in animals; fewer have been proved to do so in
      humans. The diverse hepatic effects observed in humans from occupational exposure
      to chemicals range from fatty infiltration, acute hepatitis and cholestasis to
      cirrhosis and angiosarcoma. Three important workplace chemicals, prototypes for
      the toxicities of many others, are carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride and the
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). These three are described in some detail to
      highlight principles of occupational toxicology. Most of the hepatic effects
      produced by chemicals in the workplace have clinical, laboratory and
      morphological features common to many other forms of liver disease. Therefore,
      only an astute physician who takes an occupational history will recognize the
      association between a patient's workplace and liver disease.

PMID- 6819720
TI  - [Prognostic difficulties after the first epileptic attack in adults].

PMID- 6819721
TI  - [Treatment of bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 6819722
TI  - [Interesting practical facts on the pharmacology of non-steroidal antirheumatic
      agents].

PMID- 6819723
TI  - Genetic segregation in a high-yielding streptomycin-producing strain of
      Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - The streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus HP spontaneously segregated non
      reverting derivatives with altered phenotypes. Clones characterized by increased
      spore formation and decreased streptomycin production were found. Two other types
      of derivatives were defective in aerial mycelium and streptomycin formation as
      well, but differed in the capacity to synthesize a yellow pigment. These
      derivatives were examined with respect to further properties. The stability of S.
      griseus HP was investigated in relation to conditions of continuous culture. Both
      at 26 and 30 degrees C, under glycerol and NH4Cl limitation a rapid segregation
      and enrichment of streptomycin-non-producing derivatives occurred. At 34 degrees
      C and glycerol limitation segregation began only after about 35 generations of
      continuous culture. In NH4Cl-limited chemostats the original strain was stable
      during 80 generations. In the course of the continuous culture experiments it was
      shown that the onset of genetic segregation within mycelia can be detected before
      it becomes obvious in colonies grown from the mycelia. This was achieved by
      fractionation of the mycelia by protoplast formation and subsequent plating on
      regeneration medium allowing colony growth and differentiation.

PMID- 6819724
TI  - Effect of short-chain alcohols on production of NADP-glycohydrolase by
      Streptomyces griseus.

PMID- 6819719
TI  - The hazard evaluation system and information service: a physician's resource in
      toxicology and occupational medicine.
AB  - Hazard evaluation is an emerging science. The Hazard Evaluation System and
      Information Service (HESIS), part of California's program in preventive
      occupational health, is a resource for clinicians who wish to stay abreast of the
      relationship between toxicology and occupational health. For example, advances in
      assays for cancer or reproductive effects in test animals enable us to identify
      with greater confidence significant cancer or reproductive hazards among the
      increasing variety of workplace exposures. Occupational experiences with
      dibromochloropropane (DBCP), Kepone, bis(chloromethyl) ether, benzidine and vinyl
      chloride demonstrate the shortcomings of relying on human data. The latency
      period of cancer, limited sensitivity of epidemiologic studies and severity of
      effects require us to use animal test data to evaluate the potential cancer and
      reproductive risks of workplace substances. HESIS gives appropriate weight to
      experimental data in hazard evaluations of chemicals such as ethylene oxide,
      ethylene dibromide, polychlorinated biphenyls and the glycol ethers. A similar
      approach is apparent in the California Department of Health Services' recently
      released Carcinogen Identification Policy.

PMID- 6819725
TI  - Effect of l-valine and l-isoleucine on fatty acid composition of Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus and S. griseus.
AB  - The effects of L-valine and L-isoleucine on the composition of mycelial fatty
      acids were investigated during growth of differentiating parent strains of
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces griseus as well as their non
      differentiating derivatives (Amy-strains) on a synthetic medium. Both in the Amy+
      and Amy- strains, in the presence of L-valine, the portion of the isopalmitic
      acid (iC16:0) increased, but the addition of L-isoleucine led to an elevated
      level of the 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (aC15:0). The results suggest that the
      genetically determined alterations in the ratio of both fatty acids in the non
      differentiating derivatives may be due to specific changes in the biosynthetic
      pathways of both amino acid precursors rather than due to changes of their
      catabolism.

PMID- 6819726
TI  - [Genetic recombination in mutants of the anthracycline-producer Streptomyces
      griseus].
AB  - It was found that genetic recombination occurs if two marked strains of
      Streptomyces griseus (leukaemomycin-producing strains IMET JA 3933 and IMET JA
      5142) are grown together in mixed cultures on semisolid media. The crossing
      techniques used and the method for carrying out selective analysis were
      essentially the same as those described by HOPWOOD (1967, 1972). The parent
      strains used for crosses were marked with single or double nutritional
      requirements and with mutations for drug resistance. The crosses are quite self
      sterile, yielding only in one combination stable prototrophic recombinants at a
      low frequency (10(-5) to 10(-6)). The majority of recombinants behaved as stable
      haploid genotypes. A series of four-point crosses of different types of
      auxotrophs was carried out. The results of these experiments do not provide
      sufficient data for constructing a chromosome map, but provide basic information
      on the possibilities of genetic analysis of the production of anthracycline
      antibiotics. The majority of crosses performed were not fertile at 28 degrees C
      but, surprisingly, in some crosses carried out at 34 degrees C viable colonies
      were detected on minimal media at frequencies from 10(-3) to 10(-2).

PMID- 6819727
TI  - [The 100th anniversary of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacterium by Robert
      Koch].

PMID- 6819728
TI  - [Experiences with cellobiose-arginine-lysine agar for the detection of Yersinia
      enterocolitica].

PMID- 6819729
TI  - [Maternal and infant thyroid gland during pregnancy and in the postpartum
      period].
AB  - A survey is given of the clinically relevant changes in the thyroid hormone
      balance of the maternal organism. The total concentrations of thyroid hormone may
      on account of the increased carrier protein level be incorrectly interpreted in
      the sense of a hyperthyroidism. The latent hormone binding capacity, however, may
      by mistake indicate a hypothyroidism. For the determination of the functional
      position, therefore, a statement about the free hormone fraction is necessary.
      The TRH-test is evident in pregnancy. Beginning with the 12th week of pregnancy
      the fetal thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, from the 16th to the 20th week
      of pregnancy the fetus is autonomous; and the pituitary gland-thyroid gland-axis
      is able to function nearly from the 20th week of pregnancy. The consequences
      resulting from this for the therapy of a disease of the thyroid gland of the
      mother are explained. Due to a massive TSH-flow with the birth typical changes of
      the hormone levels develop which may be used for the early recognition of the
      congenital hypothyroidism (TSH-screening). Possibilities of the diagnosis of the
      prenatal function of the thyroid gland as well as of the therapy of
      hypothyroidism are discussed.

PMID- 6819730
TI  - [Chemotherapy of stomach cancer].
AB  - In recent years several studies have been performed to improve the chemotherapy
      of metastatic gastric carcinoma. It is now established that combined chemotherapy
      for example with 5-Fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin C or nitrosourea
      derivatives is superior to monotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil. With this combined
      chemotherapy, response rates of 30-40% can be achieved with prolonged medium
      survival time in responders. In locally advanced tumors the combined use of
      radiation and chemotherapy probably will be able to improve the results. Future
      studies are needed to show the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer
      patients after surgery.

PMID- 6819731
TI  - [Combined endoscopic-radiologic examination of the knee joint].
AB  - As a back-up examination to arthroscopy of the knee joint fluoroscopy with
      production of x-ray films may be performed during CO2 filling of the joint. The
      carbon dioxide serves as a contrast medium. The method enables some of the gaps
      left by arthroscopy to be filled. Baker cysts and ruptures of the joint capsule
      can be demonstrated radiologically. At the 2nd Nuremberg Surgical Clinic 60
      patients underwent examination by this method in 1980 and the first half of 1981.
      In 18 patients pathologic changes were found -- 12 Baker cysts and six ruptures
      of the knee-joint capsule. The findings were confirmed at surgery. The method was
      not used in cases of extensive destruction of the knee-joint capsule which had
      already been established clinically.

PMID- 6819732
TI  - [Substance dependence. The long march in long term detoxification and
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 6819733
TI  - [Functional significance of spatial synchronization of the electrical activity of
      the brain].

PMID- 6819734
TI  - [Rheumatism and urogenital infection].
AB  - The antiinfectious treatment of rheumatic diseases is certainly very old, but it
      has gained increased significance as a result of new bacteriological and
      immunological findings. Urogenital infection as a possible trigger mechanism in
      reactive arthritides and ankylosing spondylitis was investigated particularly
      thoroughly. Many experimental, immunological and clinical results indicate a
      pathogenetic role of infections with chlamydia or mycoplasma in inflammatory
      rheumatic diseases. However, numerous tests on cultures proved negative, and many
      serological-immunological findings are inconsistent. The "link" between
      urogenital infection and rheumatic diseases is still unknown. Of particular
      interest are the relations between chlamydial prostatitis and ankylosing
      spondylitis. Earlier findings on the induction of osteogenesis from
      undifferentiated connective tissue cells by epithelial cells from the prostate
      could be a basis for further research.

PMID- 6819738
TI  - [Long-term collection of biomedical data in occupational medicine].

PMID- 6819740
TI  - Extracellularly proteolysing Aspergillus fumigatus and its interaction with
      specific immune serum in the serum-albumin agar. A preliminary report.
AB  - Serum-Albumin Agar with the initial pH values of 5.0 or 7.0 allows diffusion and
      precipitation of A. fumigatus antigens (culture filtrate) and antibodies. In the
      zone of extracellular proteolysis by a living culture of an atypical A. fumigatus
      strain, precipitin bands only against a specific immune serum were found in this
      medium with an initial pH of 7.0. How far under such complex substrate conditions
      including active extracellular proteolysis, an immune reaction can take place is
      open to discussion.

PMID- 6819737
TI  - [Possibilities and value of intracavitary and systemic chemotherapy of bladder
      cancer].

PMID- 6819736
TI  - [The significance of dyshormonal changes in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal
      system in the diagnosis of infertility and impotence in the male].
AB  - On 17 male patients with infertility and 13 with impotence hormonal changes in
      the hypothalamus-hypophyse-testiculary system have been investigated by
      radioimmunoassay. On patients with infertility low plasmatestosteron and
      increased LH and FSH levels were found. 2.5 to 3 fold increase of
      plasmatestosteron levels were found on patients with impotence.

PMID- 6819735
TI  - [Results of radium 224 therapy in ankylosing spondylitis (Strumpell-Marie
      Bechterew disease)].
AB  - After an average of 5 years following therapy with Ra224, the concentration of
      Tc99m methyl diphosphonate (MDP) in the region of the sacroiliac joints and
      lumbar spine was measured in 15 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The
      findings were supplemented by those of clinical, pathological, and
      roentgenological examinations. The concentration of MDP was normal in the
      sacroiliac joints in almost all the patients, but was raised in the lumbar spine
      in two-thirds. This is to be interpreted as indicating enhanced bone turnover,
      the difference from that in healthy subjects being highly significant (p less
      than 1). Increased ossification of the lumbar spine could be demonstrated
      roentgenologically in two-thirds of the patients. Differential blood count, blood
      sedimentation rate, and electrophoresis remained unchanged after therapy.
      However, in 60% of patients the mobility of the spine was the same or even
      improved; 46% felt better after Ra224 treatment than before it.

PMID- 6819739
TI  - Vitamin and nitrogen base requirements for Listeria monocytogenes and haemolysin
      production.
AB  - A complete chemically defined medium is described for the growth of different
      serovars of Listeria monocytogenes. The medium supported rapid, luxuriant and
      transferable growth. At the same time haemolysin production was induced to the
      same extent as in tryptose phosphate broth. Riboflavin and calcium-pantothenate
      were essential for the growth of all six strains tested. Biotin, pyridoxal
      hydrochloride and p-aminobenzoic acid were either essential or stimulatory to all
      strains. Most strains did not require folic acid, thiamin, nicotinic acid and
      inositol, but they were stimulatory for some strains. Adenine was essential for
      two strains (NCTC 7973, 5214 m) while cytosine exhibited an inhibitory effect on
      the growth of all the strains.

PMID- 6819741
TI  - [Results and experience with the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae].
AB  - Between January 1978 and August 1981, 4,708 examinations for detection of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae were carried out at the Gynaecological Hospital of Karl
      Marx Universitat Leipzig. Certain aspects relating to laboratory diagnosis of
      gonorrhoea are expounded, against the findings obtained from these examinations.-
      Culturing yield was increased by the factor of 2.6, from 4.8 per cent (1978/1979)
      to 12.3 per cent (1980/1981) by improvement of culturing media. Substrate quality
      proved to be essential to effectiveness of culturing.--Most of the above
      examinations, relating to 45 per cent of all positive cases, had been performed
      for adnexitis. The cervix was confirmed to be the most useful site from which to
      take swabs. Eighty-five per cent of gonococcal strains isolated in 1980 and 1981
      were sufficiently responsive to penicillin. Beta-lactamase formers were not
      recorded. Methods and culturing media are described in some detail.

PMID- 6819743
TI  - [Experiments using a modified disposition arrangement of the AGID test in the
      diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis].

PMID- 6819742
TI  - [CO2 laser coagulation of benign changes of the portio vaginalis in comparison
      with the endocoagulation technic (Semm's method)].
AB  - The CO2-COHERENT laser was therapeutically used by the authors on 31 cases of
      extensive erythroplakia associated with recurrent and therapy-resistant fluor
      formation and on cases of highly vascularised transformation zones with contact
      bleeding. The benign nature of the findings first had been established by
      repetitive Pap smears and thorough colposcopic examination. The authors suggest
      that for the time being the CO2 laser is not suitable yet for the treatment of
      dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, since no material for histological testing is
      obtainable from that therapeutic approach, and the presence of microcarcinoma
      with invasive growth cannot be ruled out with absolute safety. CO2 laser
      treatment was undertaken without hospitalisation of patients, just as
      endocoagulation of the vaginal portio was carried out on an outpatient basis.
      Postoperative follow-up checks have been made one, three, and six weeks as well
      as three and six months from treatment. The therapeutic results obtained from CO2
      laser therapy were compared with those recorded from patients who had undergone
      endocoagulation of the vaginal portio, with the view to checking the advantages
      claimed for laser therapy in the literature [1, 4, 11, 12, 23, 24], such as no
      need for anaesthesia, effective destruction of much of the pathological tissue,
      high-accuracy identification of tissue for destruction by means of colposcopy,
      low rate of postoperative complications, soon healing, and good haemostatic
      action. All these advantages were found to be obtainable just as well from the
      technique of endocoagulation without the need for the great amount of technical
      input and equipment definitely required for laser therapy [16, 18, 19, 20, 21].

PMID- 6819744
TI  - [Sarcocystis bertrami Doflein, 1901, a sarcosporidia of the horse. Equus
      caballus].

PMID- 6819745
TI  - [Evolutionary adaptation].
AB  - An essay on the concept of adaptation, seen from an evolutionary point of view.
      The conclusion is that adaptation in this sense is the historical narrative of
      evolution. The mechanism of the process is selection, the scientific
      argumentation of the explanation is based on a phylogenetic analysis.

PMID- 6819746
TI  - [Historic and functional biology: the inadequacy of a system theory of
      evolution].
AB  - In the first half of the 20th century neo-Kantianism in a broad sense proved
      itself the main conceptual and methodological background of the central European
      biology. As such it contributed much to the victory on the typological,
      idealistic-morphological and psycho-vitalistic interpretations of life. On the
      other hand it could not give tools to the biologists for working out a strictly
      darwinian evolution theory. Kant's theory of organism was conceived without
      evolution as a theory of the internal functionality of the organism. There was
      only some 'play' with the evolutionary differentiation of the species. Since then
      the disputes around the work of August Weismann, a synthetical evolution theory
      which is now behind time, arose. This theory developed from coinciding claims,
      elaborated by geneticists, mathematicians, and by biologists studying
      development, natural history and systematics. This was done under a strong
      influence of marxist ideas. Through the interweaving of such different approaches
      it was possible for this evolutionary synthesis to influence successfully the
      development of evolution research during more than 40 years. Philosophically
      speaking modern evolution theory means therefore an aversion, even a positive
      abolition of Kantian positions. A number of biologists however--as L. von
      Bertalanffy--refused to adhere to a misinterpreted Kantian methodology and
      oriented themselves to an approach via system theory, which obtained a place in
      evolution research. In fact this is a Kantian approach as well. They only
      repeated the Kantian dilemma of the evolution which can also be found in Lamarck
      and Hegel. The system theory of the functionality of the organism never reaches
      to the level of the evolving species, but remains always on the level of
      epigenetic thinking, because of its philosophical origin. This paper points out
      the consequences of this still current dilemma. At the same time an all-enclosing
      reflection on the methodological, epistemological and the important historical
      questions of evolutionary biology in its scientific context is recommended.

PMID- 6819747
TI  - A simple and fast method for the preparation of the human cardiac myosin light
      chains.
AB  - A simple and fast method is presented for the isolation and separation of human
      cardiac myosin light chains. The method requires only a crude myosin for
      splitting into heavy and light chains. The separation of the light chains is made
      by isoelectric precipitation with good yield.

PMID- 6819748
TI  - [Ossification after total hip endoprosthesis surgery in old age].

PMID- 6819749
TI  - beta-Carotene in the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria. A short review.
AB  - A review of published trials with beta-carotene and/or canthaxanthin treatment of
      erythropoietic protoporphyria is presented. Increased tolerance to sunlight is
      reported in about 85% of the cases in uncontrolled studies. In the only
      controlled trial on record no difference was found between beta-carotene and
      placebo. Correlations between the results of carotenoid treatment and phototests
      have been reported in some studies, but denied in others. During treatment the
      protoporphyrin levels in erythrocytes were significantly increased in one study,
      but decreased or unaffected in others. A possible mechanism of photoprotection by
      beta-carotene is briefly presented. To date no serious side effects or
      hypervitaminosis-A induced by beta-carotene have been reported.

PMID- 6819750
TI  - New concepts of ventilation.
AB  - A short survey is given of established methods for ventilatory support. The
      merits of intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and the new mode of mandatory
      minute ventilation (MMV) are discussed and compared. The importance of
      gasflowpressure patterns are analyzed as based on measurements on an awake, non
      medicated intubated subject. It can be demonstrated that an inspiratory-assist
      function minimizes the work of breathing associated with increased airway
      resistance in the peripheral airways. A metabolic computer system for automatic
      continuous measurements of oxygen uptake and carbon-dioxide elimination during
      ventilatory care is described. This metabolic computer is designed to be used
      with the Engstrom Erica ventilator and makes it possible to evaluate the caloric
      demand of the patient as well as the effects of various compositions used for
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6819751
TI  - [Comparative clinicohistological study of the Madrid and Ridley-Jopling
      classifications of leprosy].

PMID- 6819752
TI  - [Analysis of inter and intrapathologist concordance and discordance in a
      comparative study of the Madrid and Ridley-Jopling classifications of leprosy].
AB  - Eighty-six patients of leprosy have been examined by three leprologists; they
      have been classified according to the Madrid classification and their lesions
      biopsied and sent to two pathologists for independent histopathological
      examination. The pathologists have not received any information regarding the
      cases. Firstly the "senior" pathologist (A) utilized the Madrid classification
      and the "junior" pathologist (B) the Ridley-Jopling classification. In a second
      phase, the "senior" pathologist utilized the Ridley-Jopling classification and
      the "junior" pathologist the Madrid classification. Both pathologists did not
      know their own previous histopathological diagnosis at the second phase. The
      analysis of concordance and discordance between the histopathological diagnosis
      of the two pathologists and for the same pathologist, on utilizing the two
      classifications, have elicited the following conclusions: 1. There has been more
      concordance between the two pathologists on utilizing the Madrid classification
      than the Ridley-Jopling classification for the lepromatous, borderline and
      tuberculoid in reaction patients. 2. The comparison of the two classifications
      for each pathologist on "blindly" examination of the material, has shown more
      concordance for the "senior" pathologist than for the "junior" pathologist. 3.
      These observations have convoyed to the final conclusion that the Ridley-Jopling
      classification brings some difficulties to the pathologists with limited
      experience in leprology and therefore it should be utilized only by experienced
      pathologists. 4. This preliminary study shows the necessity of performing another
      one with larger number of patients, in the active phase, with larger number of
      pathologists, preferably from different countries, and by utilizing the same
      methodology of "blind" examination of the material.

PMID- 6819753
TI  - [Absenteeism during treatment for leprosy. Analysis of causes as apparent from a
      survey in southern India].
AB  - The reasons for absenteeism during leprosy treatment were investigated in a rural
      area of southern India. 120 patients known as "absents" to most controls were
      first interviewed and the major causes for absenteeism thus determined. A
      questionnaire was then elaborated in view to reveal these principal causes with
      efficiency and was applied by 8 investigators to 1200 patients, mostly absents or
      irregular to medical visits. 620 were selected at random for computer analysis.
      Results suggest that anxiety for loss of income while attending the medical
      control and erroneous impression of cure as soon as skin lesions have improved
      could be of first importance. Nevertheless no relation appears between
      absenteeism and income level, number of persons depending on the patient, or type
      of leprosy. Adverse reactions attributed to DDS are also frequently reported,
      especially fever, because of confusion with leprosy reactions, malaria and any
      other febrile condition. Assiduity to medical visits could be determined during
      the year following this study in 1191 of the 1200 patients showing clear
      beneficial effect over this period.

PMID- 6819754
TI  - [Diphtherimorph germs linked to leprous bacillas].

PMID- 6819755
TI  - [Thompson's operation for reestablishing thumb opposition].

PMID- 6819756
TI  - [Leprosy in Iran].

PMID- 6819758
TI  - Electroneuromyographical and morphological findings in progressive myoclonus
      epilepsy (PME).
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the function of peripheral nerves and
      muscles and to describe morphological changes in muscle biopsies of patients with
      progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Electroneuromyographic studies were performed on
      24 adult patients whose mental and motor skills were either little, moderately or
      severely impaired by the disease. In 5 patients a specimen of tibial anterior
      muscle was morphologically and histochemically investigated. The
      electrophysiological functions of the peripheral nerves and muscles showed
      gradual increasing abnormalities parallel to the severity of clinical
      deterioration. The muscle biopsies of 2 patients showed signs compatible with
      peripheral neuropathy. These findings suggested that progressive myoclonus
      epilepsy may be related to a systemic membrane disorder.

PMID- 6819757
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathy with neurological signs and symptoms. A clinical,
      neurophysiological and muscle biopsy study.
AB  - Clinical, neurophysiological and muscle biopsy findings in ten patients with
      monoclonal gammopathy are reported. Three patients had polyneuropathy, one had
      hemiparkinsonism, one migraine and radicular symptoms and one paresthesiae and
      radicular symptoms. Amyloidosis was not found in muscle biopsy specimens. All but
      one patient with neurological findings also had positive immunofluorescence
      staining for tissue-bound immunoglobulins in muscle biopsy specimens. The tissue
      bound immunoglobulins usually belonged to the same class as the M-component. None
      of the biopsies of patients without neurological findings were positive.

PMID- 6819759
TI  - Multiple sclerosis--relation between HLA haplotype A25, B18 and disease
      progression.
AB  - The HLA typing of 100 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their
      differentiation according to the dynamics of the disease, the type of course and
      the degree of defect showed the following results: a significant increase in
      frequency of HLA B7 (P less than 0.05), independent of the severity of illness, a
      4-fold increased frequency of the HLA haplotype A25, B18 with augmented
      occurrence in slight to moderate severity of the disability degree (P less than
      0.05), less so in the dynamics of the disease, and only partially so in the
      relapsing-remittent course. These HLA constellations provide only a hint at the
      prognosis of MS; the findings could be an expression of the heterogeneity of the
      disease.

PMID- 6819760
TI  - Serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein changes during treatment with a
      contraceptive vaginal ring containing levonorgestrel and estradiol.
AB  - Contraceptive vaginal rings containing estradiol and levonorgestrel were used by
      22 women during 219 cycles. The estrogenicity was low and the daily dose of
      levonorgestrel was about 290 micrograms. The triglyceride and cholesterol
      concentrations decreased in whole serum and, to varying degrees, in the different
      lipoprotein classes. The most consistent change was a 25% (p less than 0.001)
      reduction in the cholesterol content of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      fraction. The cholesterol concentration in low-density lipoprotein decreased by
      11% after the first 3 months, but increased during the ensuing 9 months of
      treatment to regain pretreatment level. Percentage-wise, the apolipoprotein B and
      A-I concentrations, determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, were less
      affected than the LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The composition of the
      LDL and HDL particles seemed thus to alter during the treatment. The pronounced
      effect on the HDL levels seen is consistent with earlier findings of a dose
      dependent, androgenic effect of gestagens derived from 19-nortestosterone.
      However, the low basal level of LDL and its further decrement during treatment
      alleviate the supposedly unfavorable effect of HDL reduction from the atherogenic
      point of view.

PMID- 6819761
TI  - Placental transport of the non-metabolisable alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in guinea
      pigs given a commercial chlorobiphenyl preparation or a defined, pure
      chlorobiphenyl.
AB  - The placental transfer of the non-metabolisable alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was
      studied by means of a perfusion technique in pregnant guinea-pigs given the
      commercial chlorobiphenyl preparation, Clophen A50 (C-A50) or pure 2,2',4,4',5,5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB), during different periods of gestation. It was shown
      that a total dose of 30 mg of HCB given during the latter part of gestation (day
      45 to 61) decreased amino acid transport, while 30 mg of C-A50 did not. At a dose
      of 30 mg daily given from day 28 to day 61, again only HCB decreased the amino
      acid transfer. An amount of 60 mg C-A50 was required to reduce this transport.
      The concentration of the amino acid in blood from foetuses remaining in the
      uterus was significantly increased when the dams were given 60 mg of C-A50,
      indicating a reduced foetal uptake of the amino acid. It is suggested that the
      decreased placental transfer of the amino acid is dependent on physio-chemical
      interactions (e.g. caused by hydrophobic properties) between the chlorobiphenyls
      and the NaK-ATPase enzyme complex which is involved in amino acid transport.

PMID- 6819762
TI  - Several hematic parameters in children treated with sodium valproate.

PMID- 6819763
TI  - A mechanism for valproate-induced hyperammonemia.

PMID- 6819764
TI  - Sparse-fur mutation: a model for some human ornithine transcarbamylase
      deficiencies.

PMID- 6819765
TI  - alpha-Guanidinoglutaric acid and epilepsy.

PMID- 6819766
TI  - Immunochemical assay in 16 boys with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

PMID- 6819767
TI  - Newborn screening for urea cycle disorders.

PMID- 6819768
TI  - Biological properties of ICRF-159 and related bis(dioxopiperazine) compounds.

PMID- 6819769
TI  - [The effect of anticonvulsive therapy on the psychological achievements in
      epileptic children].

PMID- 6819770
TI  - Further studies on the effects of disodium cromoglycate on guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Transmural electrical stimulation was carried out on innervated strips of the
      longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) inhibited
      the electrically induced contractions. Five minutes later, prostaglandin E2 (2.5
      ng/ml) was added to the bath and it reversed the action of DSCG. Furthermore,
      DSCG inhibits significantly the guinea pig ileum contractions induced by nicotine
      and also those induced by histamine and acetylcholine on ileum denervated by
      cooling. These results suggest that DSCG effects on guinea pig ileum contraction
      are mediated by membrane-stabilizing properties of this drug on smooth muscle
      fibres as well as on myenteric plexus.

PMID- 6819771
TI  - Enhancement of lymphocyte activation by BW755C in vitro.
AB  - BW755C considerably enhances the increased DNA synthesis of lymphocytes
      responding to mitogen stimulation. This effect is evident at much lower
      concentrations of BW755C than are required to inhibit cyclooxygenase or
      lipoxygenase enzymes. This suggests that in vivo effects of BW755C may not solely
      depend upon modification of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6819773
TI  - [Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography Report 2. studies on new interference
      filters].

PMID- 6819772
TI  - 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(2'-thenoyl)phenol(R-830): a novel nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory agent with antioxidant properties.
AB  - R-830, a di-tert-butylphenol, has been shown to be anti-inflammatory in a number
      of animal models. These include conventional systems such as carrageenan-induced
      edema and adjuvant arthritis of the rat and ultraviolet-induced erythema in the
      guinea pig in which the acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g.,
      indomethacin) are effective. The anti-inflammatory activity of R-830 has also
      been demonstrated in other models (e.g., graft vs. host reaction and reversed
      passive cutaneous Arthus reaction in the rat, contact sensitivity in the mouse)
      in which the acidic nonsteroidal drugs are not effective. In vitro, R-830
      inhibits guinea pig lung lipoxygenase and bovine seminal vesicle cyclo-oxygenase.
      The antioxidant properties of R-830 were demonstrated in two in vitro systems. We
      speculate that the antioxidant activity of this molecule might be related to its
      unusual profile of pharmacological activity.

PMID- 6819774
TI  - Lymphokines.

PMID- 6819775
TI  - Genetic factors determining asthma in childhood.

PMID- 6819776
TI  - Clinical practice and drug therapy on pediatric bronchial asthma in Japan.

PMID- 6819777
TI  - Pharmacological rehabilitation of the asthmatic child.
AB  - Pharmacological rehabilitation is defined as a decrease of bronchial
      hyperreactivity and a stabilization of the bronchial reactivity after treatment
      with drugs possessing prophylactic and therapeutic properties. The models used
      for the study of the effectiveness of different compounds are the bronchial
      provocation tests with allergens, histamine, acetylcholine or metacholine, PGF2
      or SO2, as well as exercise-induced asthma or challenges with drugs and food. For
      the critical examination of a drug's effectiveness, the high reproducibility of
      the test employed is of extraordinary importance. In our own study we were able
      to show that the immediate reaction in allergen provocation tests can be
      reproduced very well. The same, is not valid for the late reaction. Controlled
      studies on the long-term effects of DSCG and Ketotifen on bronchial asthma in
      children are being discussed. The investigations of bronchial responses to
      mediators such as histamine and acetylcholine after DSCG and Ketotifen treatment
      are reviewed; furthermore the author's results are presented.

PMID- 6819778
TI  - What is the evidence for activated coagulation in glomerulonephritis?

PMID- 6819779
TI  - Allometry and adaptation in the catarrhine postcranial skeleton.
AB  - Seven measurements were taken on the postcranial skeleton of 249 specimens
      representing ten species of catarrhine primates and tested to determine their
      relationship with size. Size was measured as skeletal weight on each individual.
      It was found that the interspecific line based on the entire sample was in some
      cases determined not only by morphological adjustments for size variation but
      also by changes in locomotor adaptations of differently sized species within the
      sample. It is suggested that it is consequently preferable to study allometric
      relationships within a species or within a group of species that differ in size
      but are similar in their mode of locomotion. The allometric analysis reveals some
      interesting patterns within the data. Limb lengths scaled with either negative
      allometry or isometry over the entire sample. Within the species groups isometry
      was the rule except for pongid femurs, which showed negative scaling. Humerus
      length scaled at the same rate in pongids as in cercopithecoids but had a
      slightly higher intercept value. While colobines and cercopithecines scaled at
      similar rates for all seven dimensions, the colobine line was shifted to a
      position above that for cercopithecines in every case. It is suggested that this
      is a result of adaptation for leaping in the former group. Other implications of
      the allometric results are discussed.

PMID- 6819780
TI  - [Delayed use of PEEP for respiratory resuscitation following standardized near
      drowning with fresh and saltwater].
AB  - Investigations on the delayed use of PEEP following a standardized form of near
      drowning with 12.5 ml/kg body weight of either fresh or salt water were carried
      out on 14 anaesthetized and ventilated young pigs. After a 3 min period of apnoea
      the animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen and with either the same or an
      increased tidal volume, and a PEEP of 5 cm H2O delayed to 20 min, over a period
      of 2 h. In both fresh and salt water, initial values of paO2 and AaDO2 were
      regained by the end of the period of observation when a delayed PEEP was applied.
      The intrapulmonary right to left shunt, which increased to 40% of the cardiac
      output, fell by a half within 10 min of beginning PEEP ventilation, initial
      values being regained at 120 min. During the period of apnoea the arterial
      partial pressure of carbon dioxide almost doubled, and, when the tidal volume
      remained unaltered, was still some 20-30% above initial values at the end of 2 h
      despite the use of PEEP. Normal paCO2 levels were achieved on increasing the
      tidal volume by a factor of 1.4. The larger tidal volume had no influence on
      either the degree of shunt or the paO2. The effective compliance, which was
      considerably reduced after near drowning, increased again with the use of delayed
      PEEP ventilation. On beginning respiratory resuscitation there was an initial
      tachycardia and, despite a fall in stroke volume, an increase in mean arterial
      pressure and cardiac output because of the previous hypoxia. Only minimal cardio
      circulatory changes, and no change in oxygen availability, occurred secondary to
      the use of PEEP.

PMID- 6819781
TI  - Determination of low levels of 14C radioactivity in cell exudates by means of
      ultraviolet photooxidation and a rapid 14CO2-collection technique.

PMID- 6819782
TI  - An improved enzymatic radioassay for ribose 1-phosphate.

PMID- 6819783
TI  - Fluorescent techniques for the selective detection of chromatographically
      separated peptides.

PMID- 6819784
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of lipoxygenase isozymes in
      crude soybean extracts.

PMID- 6819785
TI  - Quantification of phospholipid molecular species by coupled gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry of deuterated samples.

PMID- 6819786
TI  - New methods for synthesis of the colored Edman degradation reagent, 4-N,N
      dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate.

PMID- 6819787
TI  - Variation in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis gonadotropic response to
      Clomiphene following alterations in testicular function.

PMID- 6819788
TI  - Carbon dioxide absorption system with a simple modification of the Bain circuit.

PMID- 6819789
TI  - [Sarcosporidia findings in chopped meat for consumption].
AB  - In a limited area 400 fresh samples of minced beef and minced pork were examined
      trichinoscopically for sarcocysts within a period of 6 months. In 102 samples
      (25.5%) the parasites were proved. Out of 200 samples of pork 18.5% were positive
      with an average intensity of 2.38 sarcocysts, out of 200 samples of beef 32.5%
      were positive with an average intensity of 2.91 sarcocysts. The proportion of
      sarcocysts in the 4 kinds of minced meat examined was calculated on the
      assumption of a constant distribution. The effect on human health of
      sarcosporidians is discussed in the light of the literature. Some measures to
      control this parasitosis are suggested.

PMID- 6819790
TI  - Rapid immunochemical determination of plasma fibronectin with a centrifugal
      analyzer.
AB  - We report a turbidimetric procedure, using commercially available reagents, for
      the determination of plasma fibronectin with an unmodified centrifugal analyser.
      Fixed-time kinetic readings at 340 nm were taken at 60 and 720 s. A wide range of
      concentration (up to 1000 mg/l) can be measured. Precision and accuracy were
      quite acceptable. Correlation with radial immunodiffusion was satisfactory. This
      automated procedure, simple and rapid, allows extensive studies of fibronectin in
      various diseases.

PMID- 6819791
TI  - [Rapid determination of valproic acid using instantaneous silylation].
AB  - We propose a technique for measuring valproic acid using gas phase chromatography
      with a OV1 column, classically used for steroid assays. The valproic acid is
      extracted directly from the plasma by either from a small test sample (200
      microliters). The silylation is performed instantaneously at the level of the
      injector. The accuracy and precision of the method are excellent; there is no
      interference with other anti-convulsants. The technique is simple, very rapid and
      not expensive; it should find a wide application in routine practice.

PMID- 6819792
TI  - A microprocessor based feedback controller for mechanical ventilation.
AB  - A microcomputer feedback system has been developed which adjusts the inspired
      minute volume of a ventilator based on the patient's end-tidal CO2 concentration.
      The feedback controlled ventilator was evaluated in 6 dogs (18-20 kg). Arterial
      PCO2 was monitored continuously while end-tidal CO2 concentration was controlled
      by the micro-computer system and the following perturbations introduced: [1]
      NaHCO3 was infused IV, [2] a pulmonary artery was occluded, [3] one lumen of a
      double lumen endobronchial tube was occluded, and [4] an air embolism was given.
      The end-tidal PCO2 controller kept PaCO2 within 1.2 mm Hg of the desired value
      when CO2 production increased by as much as 44%. Changing the
      ventilation/perfusion ratios caused differences as large as 22 mm Hg between the
      arterial and end-tidal PCO2 and the controller was not effective in keeping PaCO2
      at the desired level. Closed loop control of ventilation based on end-tidal PCO2
      measurements successfully compensated for increases in CO2 production keeping
      PaCO2 constant. The controller did not, however, keep PaCO2 at the desired level
      when significant changes occurred in the distribution of blood flow to
      ventilation.

PMID- 6819793
TI  - Sarcocystosis in newborn calves fed Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts from coyotes.
AB  - The development of Sarcocystis cruzi was compared in 3- to 14-day-old calves (n =
      38) inoculated with 55,000 to 500,000,000 sporocysts from intestinal scrapings of
      coyotes, and euthanatized and necropsied on postinoculation days (PID) 4 to 153.
      From PID 15 to 19, the calves remained clinically normal, except for fever
      (greater than or equal to 40 C), during the development of 1st-generation
      meronts, and lesions in calves euthanatized at this time were confined mainly to
      mesenteric lymph nodes and consisted of focal necrosis due to vascular
      thrombosis. On PID 26, calves became sick, coincident with maturation and rupture
      of 2nd-generation meronts. In calves euthanatized from PID 26 to 28, the main
      lesion was hemorrhage in many organs and 1st- and 2nd-generation meronts were
      located subendothelially in unidentified cells between endothelium and tunica
      elastica. In calves euthanatized on PID 31, inflammation was pronounced in many
      tissues; this was also seen in calves euthanatized from PID 31 to 46 and
      corresponded to individual merozoites and the early development of sarcocysts.
      Inflammation began to subside by the time sarcocysts were recognizable (PID 67).
      Nonsuppurative hepatitis occurred in calves euthanatized from PID 15 to 153.

PMID- 6819794
TI  - Diagnosis of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis by an antiglobulin hemagglutination
      test.
AB  - An antiglobulin hemagglutination test was developed for detection of antibody
      directed to Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. The substances
      responsible for spontaneous agglutination of erythrocytes were removed from
      histoplasmin and blastomycin by vacuum dialysis, and partial purification of the
      antigens by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-150 allowed removal of
      additional nonantigenic material which competed with the antigens for binding on
      the erythrocyte surface. The test was sensitive enough to detect antibodies in
      sera which were negative by complement fixation, immunodiffusion, or both, but it
      failed to discriminate reliably between antibody directed to H capsulatum and
      antibody directed to B dermatitidis. Erythrocytes sensitized with partially
      purified blastomycin produced some false-positive reactions with normal canine
      sera; this was corrected by diluting the antigen before sensitization of the
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6819795
TI  - [Purification and partial characterization of an extracellular aminopeptidase of
      a collagenolytic bacterium: Empedobacter collagenolyticum].
AB  - An aminopeptidase was purified from the culture filtrates of a collagenolytic
      bacterium Empedobacter collagenolyticum. Purification of this enzyme was
      accomplished by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex-G200
      and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The purified enzyme seemed homogeneous on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about
      100,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex-G200 but it was only
      33,000 daltons by disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate. This enzyme selectively hydrolysed N-terminal arginine and lysine
      residues of peptides and arylamides substrates. The enzyme was strongly inhibited
      by EDTA, ZnCl2 and L-arginine.

PMID- 6819797
TI  - Ribosomal antigens of Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 6819796
TI  - [Rapid determination of the synergy of clavulanic acid and beta lactams by
      measuring the intracellular ATP by bioluminescence].
AB  - Twenty clinical isolates of ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant or
      susceptible (two strains) Gram-negative rods, producing at least one beta
      lactamase, were examined for susceptibility to a combination of ampicillin or
      carbenicillin with clavulanic acid (enzymatic inhibitor). Synergy was evaluated
      by the reduction of the beta-lactam agar dilution MIC and by the measurement of
      intracellular AYP using firefly bioluminescence. The potentiation effect of
      clavulanic acid was variable, depending on resistance levels, species and types
      of beta-lactamase (TEM, SHV-1, CARB, OXA, MAL and Cpase). The synergy was
      significant, with 10 mg/l of inhibitor for all the strains producing TEM-1, TEM-2
      and Carb-2 except for one strain of Serratia marcescens (TEM-2). The synergy was
      weak for Levinea strains (Citrobacter diversus biotype b), biosynthesizing
      specific penicillinases as MAL-1. No potentiation effect was observed for strains
      producing a cephalosporinase, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. This effect appeared to be variable for strains producing the
      oxacillin-hydrolysing enzyme (OXA-1), such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa. A
      positive correlation was clearly demonstrated between the MIC values and the
      intracellular ATP concentration in bacteria within 2 h. The opportunity of using
      the firefly assay for the rapid determination of synergy between beta-lactam
      antibiotics and clavulanic acid is discussed.

PMID- 6819798
TI  - [Brucella isolates in France: evaluation of 10 years of typing].
AB  - With the aim of knowing more exactly what species and biotypes are responsible
      for brucellosis in France, 2,058 strains have been examined since 1972. Of these,
      1,693 were isolated from cattle, 190 from sheep, 10 from hare, 9 from goats, 3
      from swine and 3 from field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus); 150 were of cases of
      human infection. Of the 18 types presently recognized for the genus Brucella, 11
      were identified within the sample. In animal strains, they were B. abortus
      biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9, B. suis biotypes 1 and 2, B. melitensis biotypes 1, 2
      and 3, and B. ovis. All these types--except B. suis 2 and B. ovis--were
      identified within the human strains. Of these 11 types, 3 were widely predominant
      both in man and animals: B. abortus biotypes 1 and 3 and B. melitensis biotype 3,
      which together total 84.2% of the sample's strains. The results also emphasized
      the preference of B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis for a decided animal
      host: 99.4% of the bovine strains were B. abortus, 98.1% of those isolated from
      ewes and goats were B. melitensis, and all the B ovis strains were from cases of
      ram epididymitis. Of the 150 human strains, 115 were B. melitensis, 33 B. abortus
      and 2 B. suis. These data were discussed from a taxonomical and epidemiological
      point of view.

PMID- 6819799
TI  - Genetic aspects of IgD expression: I. Analysis of the Cmu-C delta complex in
      committed and uncommitted DNA.

PMID- 6819800
TI  - Genetic aspects of IgD expression: II. Multiple forms of delta chain mRNA in
      normal mouse spleen, mouse B-cell lymphomas and mouse and human myelomas.

PMID- 6819802
TI  - The last of the immunoglobulins: complete amino acid sequence of human IgD.

PMID- 6819803
TI  - Studies of human myeloma and cell bound IgD.

PMID- 6819804
TI  - [Swine alveolar macrophages: description and functional analysis].
AB  - Swine alveolar macrophages (SAM) were characterized according to several
      properties: this spherical cell is able to adhere in vitro to plastic and glass
      substrata. Its size varies from 10 to 20 mu; on the cytochemistry level, up to
      85% SAM appear to be peroxidase-negative, whereas they are all esterase-positive.
      The SAM phagocytic capacities were investigated by using three different
      substrata: zymosan, chicken red blood cells and Listeria monocytogenes. SAM were
      also characterized by their "accessory" function in mitogen-induced lymphocyte
      proliferation: under our experimental conditions SAM were not shown to be able to
      inhibit PHA-induced blood lymphocyte proliferation, as was shown for some other
      animal species. Finally, in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity test
      (ADCC), SAM were shown to be inactive although swine blood monocytes were
      cytotoxic.

PMID- 6819801
TI  - Distinct delta + and delta - B-lymphocyte lineages in the rat.

PMID- 6819805
TI  - [Current problems posed by Pott's disease. Apropos of 22 cases].

PMID- 6819807
TI  - Tuberculous lymphadenitis in Singapore.
AB  - An analysis of patients diagnosed as having tuberculous lymphadenitis (the second
      commonest form of tuberculosis after respiratory tuberculosis) in 1980, was
      carried out to ascertain the pattern of disease and methods of diagnosis. Of 114
      cases so notified, 97 were available for this purpose. Diagnosis was on lymph
      node biopsy with histological examination and/or bacteriological culture
      confirmation. Patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis tended to be young (more
      than 60% below 31 years old), and to have cervical involvement (88.6% of cases).
      A female preponderance (as in other studies) and a disproportionate number of
      Indians and Malays (thrice and twice that expected on the basis of their ethnic
      proportion of the Singapore population) were noted. Only 25 out of 97 biopsied
      glands were sent for mycobacterial culture by the surgeons and 16 grew niacin
      positive Mycobacteria tuberculosis. This 64% culture-positive rate is more
      sensitive and specific than the histological demonstration of acid-fast bacilli
      (13.4%) in the diagnosis. It must be stressed that the pathologist can only
      report a picture consistent with or supportive of a diagnosis of tuberculosis and
      be more confident if acid-fast bacilli are seen microscopically. The diagnosis
      cannot be absolute except on a positive culture which also identifies typical or
      atypical mycobacteria and allows drug sensitivity testing. Surgeons removing
      lymph nodes in patients suspected to have tuberculous lymphadenitis must send
      these to both the bacteriologist and pathologist, the tissue to the former not
      being suspended in formalin but saline.

PMID- 6819806
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and their effects on the fetus and the
      newborn.
AB  - It has now been recognised that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors can have
      effects on fetal and neonatal well being. These drugs have been used for the
      inhibition of premature labour and since they readily cross the placenta, they
      may adversely affect the fetus by causing premature closure of the ductus
      arteriosus. These drugs have been used for the medical closure of patent ductus
      arteriosus in neonates. In the doses used various toxic effects have been
      reported. To minimise these effects it is recommended that treatment of neonates,
      with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors be carried out in a special care unit
      under the supervision of a trained neonatologist.

PMID- 6819809
TI  - Heterogeneity of lymphokine production by murine T-lymphocyte clones.
AB  - The production of lymphokines by alloreactive murine T-lymphocyte clones was
      investigated. Clones derived by limiting dilution or by micromanipulation were
      stimulated with T-cell-depleted irradiated allogeneic spleen cells, and the
      resulting supernatants were assayed for interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma
      (gamma-IFN), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), B-cell helper factor (BHF) or
      granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Lymphokine production
      was found to be heterogeneous at the clonal level, with both cytolytic and non
      cytolytic clones being able to produce some (or all) of the factors tested.
      Comparison of a large number of independently derived clonal supernatants allowed
      the separation of IL-2, BHF and GM-CSF from each other and from MAF and gamma
      IFN; however, no dissociation between the latter 2 lymphokines was observed.

PMID- 6819810
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin/lymphocyte interactions: cytofluorometry study].
AB  - Purified alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) was previously shown to prevent primary
      antibody response and lymphocyte DNA synthesis. We have reported that
      radiolabelled alpha 1-AT could bind to human lymphocytes and inhibit surface
      proteolytic activity. However, the radiolabelling method brings no information on
      the eventual heterogeneity of alpha 1AT distribution among the population nor on
      the presence of alpha 1AT on untreated lymphocytes. In this report, we have
      investigated these two points using indirect fluorescence followed by flow
      cytofluorometric analysis. The presence of alpha 1AT was revealed on a variable
      percentage of untreated peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphocytes. The
      incubation of cells with additional alpha 1AT induced an increase of the
      percentages of fluorescent lymphocytes. This binding was specific and could be
      inhibited by pretreatment with the protease inhibitor tosyl-L-phenylalanine
      chloromethyl-ketone (TPCK) (2 X 10(-5)M). Furthermore, TPCK and EDTA (3 mM) could
      displace alpha 1AT initially bound to the lymphocyte surface.

PMID- 6819808
TI  - Identification of a functional T-cell population by the use of surface markers:
      present limitations and new strategies.

PMID- 6819811
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans and neoplastic transformation.
AB  - Two classes of mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are distinguished: hyaluronic
      acid and chondroitin sulphate homopolymers, exhibiting identical repetitive
      building blocks, versus heparan and dermatan sulphate co-polymers, with
      differently substituted disaccharidic units. Evidence reported herein suggests
      that the latter compounds are positive co-factors of matrix assembly promoting
      the interaction of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins and inhibiting
      proteolytic activity. Homopolymers, on the contrary, are recognized as negative
      co-factors impairing the interaction of matrix proteins. The effect of GAGs on
      matrix assembly influences all the cell periphery because of trans-membrane
      relationships between submembranous cytoskeletal structures and the outer
      pericellular matrix. Molecular mechanisms involving GAGs in neoplastic
      transformation are proposed and discussed.

PMID- 6819812
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of sisomicin and other aminoglycosides on the
      causative agents of surgical infection].
AB  - Sensitivity of sisomicin was studied with respect to the causative agents of
      surgical infections. The microbial species belonging to the following genera were
      tested: Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Proteus and Pseudomonas. The
      comparative studies with amykacin, tobramycin and other aminoglycoside
      antibiotics showed that sisomicin had the highest activity against Staphylococci,
      Klebsiella, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. Its activity against E. coli was equal to
      that of gentamicin and tobramycin. The percentage of the strains resistant to
      sisomicin was lower than that of the strains resistant to the other
      aminoglycoside antibiotics except amykacin.

PMID- 6819813
TI  - Active-site modification of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate.

PMID- 6819818
TI  - Benzo(a)pyrene-induced morphologic and developmental abnormalities in rainbow
      trout.

PMID- 6819817
TI  - A method for the hyaluronic acid synthetase assay in human skin.
AB  - A method for the determination of hyaluronic acid synthetase activity of human
      skin is described. Skin samples were crush-homogenized, and incubated with UDP
      14C-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in Tris-HCl-buffer containing
      MgCl2. After papain digestion of the samples, the 14C-labeled hyaluronic acid was
      separated in Sephadex G 50 chromatography. The radioactivity incorporated into
      hyaluronic acid was an expression of the activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase.
      This activity was found to be increased in skin biopsies obtained from psoriatic
      lesions and decreased after local treatment with potent corticoids.

PMID- 6819819
TI  - Embryotoxicity of benzothiazoles, benzenesulfohydrazide, and dithiodimorpholine
      to the chicken embryo.

PMID- 6819816
TI  - DMBA-induced tumors and their prevention by aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359).
AB  - Both auricles of 21 domestic rabbits were painted with dimethylbenzanthracene
      (DMBA). Eleven animals of this group were additionally fed aromatic retinoid (AR)
      by an esophageal tube. Two control animals were not treated at all. Eight or 9
      weeks after the beginning of the study six of the seven remaining animals, which
      had only been painted with DMBA, developed a total of 25 keratoacanthoma-like
      tumors (KA). On the other hand, none of the seven animals left, which were
      painted with DMBA and fed AR showed any tumor by this time. The systemic effect
      of AR was studied in biopsies from the snout and the back. The epidermis of the
      snout showed 'mucous mataplasia' by histochemical and electron-microscopic
      criteria, whereas the epidermis of the back was not significantly altered. The
      production of intra- and extracellular lamellated material indicated an
      additional effect of AR on epidermal lipid metabolism. The effect of AR in the
      prevention of DMBA-induced tumors was characterized by 'mucoid cytolysis' and
      karyolysis.

PMID- 6819814
TI  - Purification and sequencing of cyanogen bromide fragments from
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 6819820
TI  - Amniotic fluid secretory immunoglobulin A in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy
      complicated by rhesus isoimmunization.
AB  - Amniotic fluid levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) were measured by
      simple radial immunodiffusion according to the method of Mancini using a
      monospecific antiserum against the human secretory component. We examined 256
      samples from healthy pregnant women and 149 samples from mothers suffering from
      rhesus isoimmunization. During normal pregnancy amniotic fluid S-IgA increased
      significantly and showed a loose correlation with the phospholipid levels. This
      was not observed in pregnancies complicated by rhesus isoimmunization.

PMID- 6819815
TI  - The effect of cysteine on oxidation of tyrosine, dopa, and cysteinyldopas.
AB  - The influence of cysteine on the oxidation of tyrosine, dopa, and
      monocysteinyldopas by mushroom tyrosinase was reexamined. During oxidation of
      tyrosine in the presence of cysteine the concentration of dopa increased slowly,
      whereas the concentration of cysteinyldopas increased more rapidly. When the
      concentration of cysteine decreased the cysteinyldopas were rapidly consumed and
      dopa concentrations increased sharply. Experiments on the oxidation of dopa by
      tyrosinase in the presence of cysteine showed that this thiol does not inhibit
      the oxidation. Dopa concentrations decreased more rapidly in the presence of
      cysteine because cysteine addition to dopaquinone prevented reformation of dopa
      from dopaquinone. Both 2-S-cysteinyldopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa are substrates for
      tyrosinase. The oxidation of cysteinyldopas was inhibited at high cysteine
      concentrations. The greater part of 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa formed during the
      oxidation of monocysteinyldopas in the presence of cysteine is derived from 5-S
      cysteinyldopa, which is a better substrate for tyrosinase than 2-S-cysteinyldopa.
      The fact that cysteine binds more rapidly to 5-S-cysteinyldopaquinone than to 2-S
      cysteinyldopaquinone further stresses the importance of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the
      formation of 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa. Oxidation of dopa in the presence of
      cysteine and glutathione or methionine showed that glutathione is added to
      dopaquinone but less rapidly than cysteine. Methionine showed insignificant
      addition to dopaquinone. When dopa or 5-OH-dopa is added to an incubate of
      cysteinyldopa and tyrosinase the oxidation of cysteinyldopa is accelerated owing
      to oxidation of cysteinyldopa by dopaquinone or 5-OH-dopaquinone.

PMID- 6819821
TI  - [Acquired urethral diverticulum in the male].

PMID- 6819822
TI  - Andropause: incidence and pathogenesis.
AB  - One hundred forty-five male volunteers, 60 to 91 years old, without any hepatic,
      renal, or metabolic pathology, and not under any steroid therapy for at least 1
      year were studied. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating hormone
      (FSH), Testosterone (T), 17-beta-Estradiol (E2), Androstenedione (A), Maximal
      increase (MI) of LH and FSH after luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)
      (50 gamma iv), and pulsations (P) of LH and FSH over a 3 hr period were measured
      by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The patients were divided in four groups according to
      LH and T levels. Group I: (46% of our subjects) showed no signs of hypogonadism
      with normal LH, T, E2, A, MI of LH and FSH, and normal P-LH, P-FSH. Group II:
      (15%) with high LH but normal T, showed high FSH, MI-LH, MI-FSH, P-LH, and P-FSH,
      but normal A and E2. Group III: (22%) with classical signs of hypergonadotropic
      hypogonadism (high LH and low T) showed high FSH, MI-LH, MI-FSH, and P-FSH,
      normal P-LH and E2, but low A. Group IV: (16.5%) with signs of hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism (low LH and low T) had also low MI-LH, MI-FSH and A, but normal FSH,
      P-LH, P-FSH, and E2. Contrarily to menopause in women, andropause is not an
      obligatory event in men, and when it does occur, its pathogenesis and hormonal
      aspects are very variable.

PMID- 6819824
TI  - The effect of contraction and Ca2+ removal on the indomethacin-induced increase
      in tracheal smooth muscle reactivity.
AB  - The effect of contraction and Ca2+ on the indomethacin mediated increased
      tracheal reactivity to histamine was studied in swine isolated tracheal smooth
      muscle. The potentiating effect of indomethacin was not directly related to the
      size of muscle contraction. Histamine, but not acetylcholine-induced contractions
      were partially inhibited in a zero-Ca2+ Krebs solution and almost abolished in
      zero-Ca2+ Krebs solution containing 0.1 mM EGTA. Indomethacin potentiated
      histamine but not acetylcholine-induced contractions in the zero-Ca2+ medium. Re
      addition of Ca2+ ions caused a further potentiation of the histamine-induced
      response. The histamine response with indomethacin when EGTA was present was
      further reduced. Indomethacin had no effect on Ca2+-contractures of tissues
      bathed in zero-Ca2+ solution containing 80 mM K+. The results demonstrate that
      histamine-induced tone is largely dependent on labile Ca2+, whereas its
      potentiation by indomethacin, is only partly dependent on this cation pool.

PMID- 6819823
TI  - Male hypogonadism in aorto-iliac arteriopathies.
AB  - In 43 patients affected by aorto-iliac arteriopathies, gonadotropins,
      testosterone, androstenedione serum levels were measured to verify the presence
      of a testicular alteration secondary to ischemia. Important signs of
      testiculopathies (increased gonadotropins and decreased testosterone serum
      levels) were observed in patients with flow alteration of the internal spermatic
      artery and in patients with obstructions of the common iliac. Plasma
      androstenedione levels were not decreased while the A/T ratio was increased in
      hypotestosteronemic patients. Ischemia might determine a functional block of 17
      beta reductase enzyme, necessary to convert androstenedione to testosterone. The
      impotentia coeundi, which affected about 50% of our patients is not related to
      testosteronemia.

PMID- 6819826
TI  - [Should rhythm disorders be treated after the acute phase of myocardial
      infarct?].

PMID- 6819828
TI  - [Comparison of the principal echocardiographic parameters (TM mode) obtained from
      the parasternal and sub-costal positions. Apropos of 135 recordings].

PMID- 6819830
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of clamping the descending thoracic aorta. Experimental
      study].

PMID- 6819825
TI  - Influence of trimetazidine, an antianginal drug, on isolated dog arteries and
      veins.
AB  - In helical strips of dog coronary, mesenteric, renal, femoral and basilar
      arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, trimetazidine produced a dose
      related relaxation, which was not influenced by treatment with propranolol,
      atropine, cimetidine, aminophylline and aspirin. Relaxations induced by
      trimetazidine of strips of large and small coronary arteries did not differ,
      while those of large artery strips induced by nitroglycerin were significantly
      greater. Mesenteric vein strips responded with a greater relaxation to
      trimetazidine than mesenteric artery strips, while the vein and artery strips
      relaxed in response to nitroglycerin to a similar extent. Contractile responses
      to transmural stimulation and norepinephrine of mesenteric vein strips were
      attenuated by trimetazidine to a greater extent than those of artery strips.
      However, trimetazidine did not protect alpha-adrenoceptors from persistent
      blockade by phenoxybenzamine. Treatment with high concentrations of trimetazidine
      attenuated the relaxant response to isoproterenol of coronary arteries and the
      contractile response to Ca++ of the arteries exposed to Ca++-free media and
      depolarized by excess K+. It may be concluded that trimetazidine preferentially
      relaxes venous muscle and reduces contractile responses of veins to activation of
      sympathetic nerves, thereby reducing venous return or preload of the heart.

PMID- 6819832
TI  - [Sexual behavior of coronary insufficiency patients after a myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6819827
TI  - [Prophylactic aorto-coronary bypass in patients with little or no symptoms].

PMID- 6819829
TI  - [Isotopic measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index in
      the acute phase of myocardial infarction in 42 patients. Aid to immediate and
      secondary prognosis].

PMID- 6819833
TI  - [Recurrent ventricular tachycardia caused by right ventricular dysplasia.
      Association with left ventricular anomalies].

PMID- 6819831
TI  - [Systolic time intervals. Chronologic comparison of phonomechanographic and
      echographic tracings].

PMID- 6819834
TI  - [Induction of dominant lethal mutations in laboratory rats following cycle
      blockage with Suisynchron premix. 1. Effects of cycle blockage on ovulation,
      fertilization and prenatal mortality rates].

PMID- 6819836
TI  - [Induction of dominant lethal mutations in laboratory rats following cycle
      blockage with Suisynchron premix. 3. Chromosome aberrations in embryonic stages
      of treated animals and untreated daughters].

PMID- 6819837
TI  - [Fatal liver disorder during treatment with sodium valproate and carbamazepine].

PMID- 6819838
TI  - [Compensatory growth in children nourished artificially].
AB  - The features of catch-up growth were studied, with the aid of anthropometric
      measurements, in 59 malnourished children, under continuous enteral or parenteral
      nutrition. Normal weight was reached after 4 months and normal height after 10
      months. Protein compartment was normalized after 4 months; so was the fat tissue
      compartment, for which, however, further increase occurred up to the 6th month.
      This evolutive profile, observed under artificial nutrition, does not differ from
      the catch-up observed under spontaneous oral feeding. The excess in fatty mass
      partially accounts for the high energetic cost, half reduced however in
      artificial feeding. The authors emphasize the risk of excessive energetic intake
      in artificial feeding and underline the importance of anthropometric monitoring
      of the lean body in the modulation of the intake.

PMID- 6819835
TI  - [Induction of dominant lethal mutations in laboratory rats following cycle
      blockage with Suisynchron premix. 2. Chromosome aberrations in unfertilized
      ovulated oocytes of treated laboratory rats].

PMID- 6819839
TI  - Bipolar illness after right hemispherectomy. A response to lithium carbonate and
      carbamazepine.
AB  - A man with cerebral palsy had his right cerebral cortex removed at the age of 18
      years because of intractable epilepsy. The operation cured the epilepsy, but at
      the age of 45 years and after a number of unipolar depressions, he experienced
      rapid-cycling bipolar illness. Mood swings that were highly stereotypical and
      regular occurred. The mood disorder responded poorly to lithium carbonate alone,
      but responded well when carbamazepine was added to the regimen.

PMID- 6819840
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the processes of serotonin neurons and their
      ramification in the central nervous system--with regard to the possibility of the
      existence of Golgi's rete nervosa diffusa.
AB  - Using various vertebrates from teleost to macacus, we studied, by the modified
      PAP method, the serotonin neurons that are distributed mainly in the raphe nuclei
      area, focussing on their process ramifications, and obtained the following
      results. 1. The shapes of serotonin neurons were varied. They were multipolar
      with many long, thick dendrites. In most of the neurons, more than two axons
      originated either from the stem of a dendrite or from its tip. 2. The axons
      contained spherical or spindle-shaped varicosities of varied sizes (diameter 0.5
      6 micron). On a few occasions, they became large, Herring body-like droplets. 3.
      The axons were classified into four groups according to the shape and size of the
      varicosities they contained: stem fibers, A-fibers (tract fibers), B-fibers
      (branching fibers) and C-fibers (ground fibers). 4. The axon not only branched
      frequently, but formed a true network by way of frequent anastomosis at the level
      of B- and C-fibers. Serotonin fibers do not have endings that correspond to
      telodendrons, but conduct impulses through "en passant" type synapses. 5. A
      supraependymal plexus is formed over large areas of the ventricular system. This
      vast network is considered to be formed by the syncytial continuity of axonal
      reticulum of many serotonin neurons. 6. Serotonin neurons, and probably
      noradrenaline neurons as well, should be classified as a third type of neuron,
      which belong to neither the Deiters type nor the Golgi type neuron. Their
      characteristic feature is the long, reticular axons, and it is highly probable
      that this neuron system forms the "rete nervosa diffusa" proposed by GOLGI.

PMID- 6819841
TI  - [Effect of the amount of food provided on the utilization of synthetic lysine
      (alpha-15N labelled) in broiler chickens].
AB  - A total of 15 broiler chickens was fed with a diet of wheat/wheat gluten
      supplemented with lysine on three N-intake levels (I: 1,500; II: 2,100; III:
      3,000 mgN/LW0, 67kg) between their 11th and 20th day of life and tested with
      regard to the characteristic data of N-metabolisation (N-balance experiment) and
      15N-incorporation in selected tissues and the complete body of the chickens.
      While N-metabolisation did not show any differences of procedure, the results of
      15N-incorporation indicated slightly more favourable utilisation conditions for
      synthetic lysine in III in the complete body and the liver. One can derive from
      the results that the level of feed intake cannot be excluded as one variable in
      the utilisation of synthetic lysine, the problems in connection with this,
      however, cannot completely be explained with this. For the restrictions of N
      intake effective in the N-balance experiment no negative influence is to be
      expected with regard to the utilisation of synthetic lysine in comparison to ad
      libitum feeding.

PMID- 6819842
TI  - [Circulating levels of LH, FSH and basal steroids in subjects with polycystic
      ovary syndrome before and after wedge resection of the ovaries].

PMID- 6819843
TI  - Rabbit antisera to cell lines RC2a and U937: antigens expressed on human
      leukaemic cells of myeloid, monocyte and T-lymphocyte lineage.
AB  - Rabbit antisera have been produced to an acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AMML)
      derived cell line (RC2a) and a histiocytic lymphoma derived cell line (U937)
      having macrophage characteristics. The antisera were screened by complement
      mediated cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence (cytofluorograph analysis) against
      separated leukaemic (122 patients plus 13 cell lines) and normal haematologic
      cell populations (60 preparations from 20 donors plus 10 B-lymphoblastoid cell
      lines). The sera were absorbed with pooled B-lymphoblastoid cell lines including
      the autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell line to RC2a (CESS-B) or alternatively with
      B-CLL and T-CLL cells. All leukaemic cell populations were confirmed using the
      markers SIg, E-rosette receptor, cALL antigen, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase
      and myeloperoxidase. Rabbit anti-RC2a (Adherent cells) (RARC2a(Ad) ) and rabbit
      anti-U937 (RAU937) recognised antigens common to immature myeloid monocyte and T
      lymphocyte lineage but did not react by cytotoxicity, absorption or
      cytofluorographic analysis with cells of B-lymphocyte lineage (B-lymphoblastoid
      or B-CLL) and reacted only occasionally with cALL patients' cells (includes pre B
      phenotype). These sera reacted with peripheral blood monocytes but not with other
      mature blood leucocytes. RAU937 reacted with a major mononuclear population from
      normal marrow and with more differentiated myeloid leukaemia cells. RARC2a(Ad)
      and RAU937 detected overlapping subgroups of myeloid leukaemia (AMoL, AMML, AML
      and CML) patients and Null-ALL and T-ALL patients. These subgroups are now being
      examined for prognostic significance.

PMID- 6819844
TI  - The interaction of activated macrophages with normal and neoplastic cells.
AB  - The interaction of various cell types with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX activated
      macrophages was examined. P815 tumour cells, Concanavalin A-activated blast cells
      and splenic lymphocytes were tested for their ability to bind to activated
      macrophages whilst the ability to inhibit macrophage-mediated lysis of 51Cr
      labelled P815 tumour cells was tested with unlabelled tumour cells and blast
      cells. All three cell types were bound by activated macrophages but only P815
      cells were lysed by the activated macrophages and only these cells could act as
      cold target inhibitors of cytolysis. This phenomenon could not be explained by
      the release of cytotoxic factors resulting from the interaction of blast cells
      with activated macrophages. The lack of cold target inhibition by blast cells may
      have been due to the detachment of initially adherent blast cells leaving the
      activated macrophages free to interact with tumour cells.

PMID- 6819845
TI  - Lipid composition and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
AB  - The total lipids increased with decrease in total phospholipids in Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis H37Rv grown at 30 degrees as compared to 37 degrees. Oleic and
      elaidic acid supplemented to the growth medium resulted in a higher total lipid
      and phospholipid content, but the content was lower in cells grown in the
      presence of palmitoleic acid. Cellular content of mannophosphoinositides
      decreased, whereas that of phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin increased at
      the lower temperature. A decrease in mannophosphoinositides and an increase in
      cardiolipin were noted with all fatty acid supplements; however,
      phosphatidylethanolamine behaved differently. The unsaturated to saturated fatty
      acids ratio increased at low temperature with oleic and elaidic acid supplements,
      but it decreased with palmitoleic acid. Cells from media supplemented with
      palmitoleic acid were found to be most virulent to guinea-pigs. Possible
      correlation of altered lipid composition and virulence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv
      has been discussed.

PMID- 6819846
TI  - Intravenous nitroglycerine in refractory unstable angina pectoris.
AB  - Sixteen patients with severe coronary artery disease and unstable angina,
      refractory to standard therapy with nitrates, beta-blockers or calcium
      antagonists, were given intravenous nitroglycerine (500 micrograms/ml) in an open
      trial. The infusion was started at 0 . 17 ml/min. The final infusion rate ranged
      from 0 . 17 ml/min to 2 . 04 ml/min, depending on the symptomatic and
      haemodynamic response of the individual patient. At the slow infusion rates, the
      actual dose was probably only 15% of the delivered dose because of the absorption
      of nitroglycerine to PVC tubing. There was significant pain relief in all
      patients. In six patients, pain relief was complete; in ten patients, occasional
      episodes occurred during the nitroglycerine infusion but they were less frequent
      and less severe and few were associated with ST segment changes. Systolic blood
      pressure fell by a mean of 100 mmHg at the commencement of therapy but there was
      no significant change in heart rate. Apart from mild headaches, no other adverse
      effects were observed. The mean treatment time was 3 . 2 days (range 1-8 days).
      Eight patients were discharged on oral and/or cutaneous nitrate therapy and eight
      patients had coronary artery surgery.

PMID- 6819847
TI  - Gold induced enterocolitis: case report and a review of the literature.
AB  - The use of gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is not without risk. Although the
      better known side effects are bone marrow suppression and renal involvement, gold
      induced enterocolitis has been described. This paper reports a 59-year-old female
      recently treated with gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis who developed bloody
      diarrhoea, toxic dilatation and perforation of her colon. The absence of features
      of inflammatory bowel disease or infection indicates gold as a possible causative
      agent. Pathogenesis, therapy and a review of the literature of gold induced
      enterocolitis are described.

PMID- 6819848
TI  - Evaluation of extracranial carotid artery disease by ultrasonic duplex scanning:
      a clinical perspective.
AB  - The development of noninvasive methods of extracranial carotid artery evaluation
      over the past decade has led to questions as to their usefulness in daily
      clinical practice. They have generally been proposed for use in screening
      asymptomatic patients with bruits or those about to undergo major operative
      procedures. Since patients with focal symptoms are considered candidates for
      arteriography, noninvasive tests in this situation may be redundant. However, as
      the accuracy of the imaging and pulsed Doppler methods has improved, it is
      appropriate to re-examine this question. Based upon our experience, it is our
      current feeling that initial screening using ultrasonic Duplex scanning does have
      a place in symptomatic patients and can be shown to be cost effective.

PMID- 6819849
TI  - Bovine ureter as a vascular prosthesis: a preliminary report on an experimental
      study in dogs.
AB  - Bovine ureters from healthy cattle were mounted on a glass rod, covered with a
      polyester mesh, then tanned in glutaraldehyde. Processed ureters 6 mm X 100 mm
      were inserted as an aortoiliac bypass around the ligated terminal aorta in seven
      dogs. All prostheses remained patent during an observation period of 3 to 17
      months. No aneurysms, anastomotic aneurysms, or dystrophic changes occurred
      during this time. The epithelium lining the biological prosthesis became replaced
      by endothelila-like cells within 3 months, ureteric smooth muscle was replaced by
      host fibrous tissue within 17 months.

PMID- 6819850
TI  - Evaluation of an immunological test for occult bleeding from colorectal
      neoplasia.
AB  - A study to determine the reliability of a recently described test, the faecal
      human haemoglobin test (FHH), specific for human blood, in the detection of
      colorectal neoplasia, is reported. All of nineteen patients with proven cancers
      studied were shown to have detectable blood in the stools. Three of five patients
      with polyps in this series also had detectable blood in the stools by this test.
      Although three of nineteen control subjects had positive tests, two of these were
      subsequently found to have bleeding sites, and the third was normal on follow up
      some weeks later. The findings are discussed in relation to the Hemoccult II (H
      O) test results obtained in these subjects, and the implications for the possible
      future role for this test in screening for colorectal neoplasia.

PMID- 6819851
TI  - A study of cattle infected with Brucella abortus and which showed aberrant
      serological reactions.
AB  - Sixty cows, 48 of which had been vaccinated with live Brucella abortus strain 19
      (S19) or with killed B. abortus strain 45/20 (S45/20) and 12 of which were
      unvaccinated animals, were challenged with B. abortus strain 544. Ten of the 27
      cattle found to be infected after challenge showed aberrant serological reactions
      to the Rose Bengal Plate test, serum agglutination test and/or complement
      fixation test. These 10 cattle were all previously vaccinated with S19 or S45/20.
      It was concluded that infection in cattle vaccinated with S19 or S45/20 may be
      more difficult to detect than infection in animals that have no history of
      vaccination.

PMID- 6819852
TI  - Experimental production of dermatitis in sheep with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The attachment, to sheep skin, for 4 days, of control wool pads saturated with
      sterile culture medium which contained a bacteriostat, induced only a mild
      dermatitis, whereas wool pads saturated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture
      induced a subacute dermatitis characterised by scaling, microabscess formation
      and seropurulent exudate. Changes similar to the latter were observed in skin
      affected by natural fleece-rot which developed spontaneously after 7 days of
      artificial wetting and in which P. aeruginosa was the predominant species of
      bacteria. An exacerbatory, if not causal, role for this organism is suggested in
      the development of the dermatitis associated with fleece-rot and in the exudation
      of seropurulent material, a step essential in the development of body strike.

PMID- 6819853
TI  - Roger: a challenge in providing emotional support for the long-term intensive
      care patient.

PMID- 6819854
TI  - The effect of protein malnutrition on the copulatory behavior of the male rat.

PMID- 6819855
TI  - Lithium and ion chelators mimicked morphine in the production of explosive motor
      behavior.

PMID- 6819856
TI  - [Histochemical determination of date of cortical contusion - studies of changes
      in NADP diaphorase, glycero-3-PH-dehydrogenase, glucose-6-PH-DH and
      naphtylacetate-esterase].

PMID- 6819857
TI  - [Monotypic IgM euglobulin precipitating upon exposure to air at room
      temperature].
AB  - A monoclonal lambda IgM euglobulin with peculiar precipitable characteristics in
      vitro was found in the serum of a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia.
      The precipitation was observed at room temperature only when serum was exposed to
      air. Covalent disulphide bonds probably contribute to the mechanism involved in
      the formation of precipitate in this case.

PMID- 6819859
TI  - Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase: molecular and genetic aspects.
AB  - (LDH) obtained from larvae of Drosophila melanogaster was purified to homogeneity
      by affinity chromatography on oxamate-Sepharose. The purification procedure is
      simple to operate and gives a homogeneous preparation in a good yield (34.86%)
      after only two steps. Utilizing the homogeneous LDH preparation, an attempt was
      made to characterize the LDH molecule. Thus, it was found that the N-terminal
      amino acid is isoleucine, and the enzyme is tetrameric and composed of four
      identical subunits of apparent molecular weight 38,000, suggesting that it is
      controlled by a single gene. Homogeneous LDH preparations exhibit one band on
      neutral acrylamide gels when the substrate is either DL-lactic acid or L-(+)
      lactate. The optimum temperature is 45 degrees C for the purified enzyme and 40
      degrees C for the crude homogenate. The Km values for pyruvate and NADH are 0.154
      and 0.027 mM, respectively, while the Km values for lactate and NAD are 29.4 and
      1.33 mM, respectively. A discontinuity in the Ea slope was observed at a
      transition temperature of 30 degrees C. The Ea value between 20 and 30 degrees C
      was calculated as 12.06 kcal/mol, while between 30 and 45 degrees C the Ea value
      was 4.01 kcal/mol. This evidence, together with other observations reported in
      the literature, suggests that the LDHs of invertebrates and vertebrates have
      arisen by divergent evolution from a common ancestral gene.

PMID- 6819858
TI  - Increased cotransformation of distant markers and altered patterns of DNA-cell
      interactions following the exposure of transforming DNA to two carcinogenic and
      mutagenic alkylating agents, diethyl and dimethyl sulfate.
AB  - Transforming DNA exposed to either diethyl sulfate (diES) or dimethyl sulfate
      (diMS) is inactivated. The rate of inactivation depends on the marker tested and
      on the chemical used: diMS is more active than diES. Cotransformation of linked
      markers is similarly depressed. In contrast, there is a transient increase in the
      cotransformation of distant, unlinked markers. These observations indicate that
      some of the intermolecular complexes of transforming DNA created in the test tube
      by the treatment with diES and diMS are biologically active. Radioactively
      labeled DNA treated with diES or diMS changes its patterns of interaction with
      cellular surfaces that are characteristic of untreated DNA. A possibility is
      considered that such alterations in DNA-protein interactions as well as the
      ability of these alkylating agents to transpose fragments of chromosomal material
      may play an important role in the processes of mutagenesis and, especially,
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6819860
TI  - Absence of covalently linked core protein from newly synthesized hyaluronate.
AB  - 1. Primary cultures of chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were
      labelled with either [3H]glucosamine or [14C]glucosamine, and hyaluronate
      synthesized by the cells was isolated from the cell layer. Parallel cultures were
      labelled with either [3H]serine or [3H]lysine, and identical fractions were
      isolated from the cell layer. Some cultures were dual-labelled. 2. In cultures
      labelled with [3H]serine for between 30 min and 24 h and extracted with 4.0 M
      guanidine, a procedure that solubilizes predominantly extracellular
      macromolecules, small amounts of [3H]serine-labelled molecules were found
      associated with the hyaluronate fraction purified from the extract by
      dissociative CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation and dissociative Sepharose CL
      2B chromatography. About 75% of the [3H]serine-labelled molecules in the fraction
      were specifically associated with hyaluronate, since they could be removed by
      prior treatment with proteinase-free Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The association
      of the [3H]serine-labelled molecules with hyaluronate was non-covalent, since
      they could be separated from it by further centrifugation in CsCl density
      gradients containing 4 M-guanidinium chloride and a zwitterionic detergent. 3. In
      other experiments the cultures were extracted with a sequential zwitterionic
      detergent/guanidinium chloride procedure that completely solubilized the cell
      layer and enabled fractions containing newly synthesized cell-associated
      hyaluronate to be isolated. Zwitterionic detergent was present throughout. No
      [3H]lysine was incorporated into these fractions, irrespective of whether the
      cultures were pulsed concurrently with [3H]lysine and [14C]glucosamine or
      sequentially with [3H]lysine to prelabel the protein pool (24 h) followed by
      [14C]-glucosamine to label hyaluronate (1 h). 4. The results show that newly
      synthesized hyaluronate is not associated with covalently bound protein, and
      suggest that chain synthesis is initiated by a mechanism other than on to a core
      protein. Small amounts of [3H]serine-labelled molecules are, however, non
      covalently associated with extracellular hyaluronate. Their identity is at
      present unknown, but they are probably of low molecular weight.

PMID- 6819861
TI  - Properties of the ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin, Momordica charantia
      inhibitor, and dianthins.
AB  - The amino acid and sugar compositions of four ribosome-inactivating proteins
      (gelonin, Momordica charantia inhibitor, dianthin 30 and dianthin 32) were
      determined. The proteins are all basic glycoproteins (pI greater than 8)
      containing mannose (more abundant in gelonin), glucose, xylose, fucose (absent
      from gelonin) and glucosamine. The ribosome-inactivating properties of the
      proteins examined are not modified by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide.
      Precipitating and inactivating antibodies can be raised against ribosome
      inactivating proteins; a weak cross-reaction was observed only between dianthin
      30 and dianthin 32.

PMID- 6819862
TI  - A correlation between protein thermostability and resistance to proteolysis.
AB  - The loss of activity due to proteolysis of purified L-asparaginase and beta
      galactosidase from different sources correlates with the thermal instability of
      the enzymes. A similar correlation is found when populations of soluble proteins
      from micro-organisms grown at different temperatures are compared for proteolytic
      susceptibility and thermal stability. It is proposed that there is a general
      correlation between the thermostability of proteins and their resistance to
      proteolysis.

PMID- 6819863
TI  - Effect of calmodulin antagonists on lysosomal enzyme secretion and phospholipid
      metabolism in guinea-pig macrophages.
AB  - The effects of calmodulin antagonists on the secretion of lysosomal enzyme and
      lipid metabolism in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages were studied. Calmodulin
      antagonists, such as trifluoperazine, dibucaine and quinacrine, inhibited the
      secretion of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase from cytochalasin B-treated
      macrophages when the macrophages were stimulated by the chemotactic peptide,
      formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f Met-Leu-Phe) or the Ca(2+) ionophore
      A23187. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on the incorporation of [(32)P]P(i)
      or [(3)H]glycerol into glycerolipids as well as on the redistribution of
      [(14)C]glycerol or [(3)H]arachidonic acid in [(14)C]glycerol- or
      [(3)H]arachidonic acid-prelabelled lipids were examined. Trifluoperazine,
      dibucaine or quinacrine stimulated [(32)P]P(i) incorporation into phosphatidic
      acid (PtdA) and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) without significant effect on the
      labelling of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer),
      lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso
      PtdEtn). The incorporation of [(32)P]P(i) into phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was,
      on the contrary, inhibited. When calmodulin antagonists were added to macrophages
      stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe, [(32)P]P(i) incorporation into PtdIns and PtdA was
      synergistically increased compared with that induced only by calmodulin
      antagonists. Trifluoperazine inhibited the incorporation of [(3)H]glycerol into
      PtdCho, triacylglycerol and PtdEtn. Also in this case, the incorporation of
      [(3)H]glycerol into PtdA and PtdIns was greatly enhanced. But [(3)H]glycerol
      incorporation into PtdSer, lyso-PtdEtn and lyso-PtdCho was not affected by the
      drug. On the other hand, diacylglycerol labelling with [(3)H]glycerol was
      maximally activated by 10mum-trifluoperazine and levelled off with the increasing
      concentration. When the effect of calmodulin antagonists on the redistribution of
      [(14)C]glycerol among lipids was examined in pulse-chase experiments, no
      significant effect on [(14)C]glycerol redistribution in PtdEtn, PtdCho, PtdIns,
      PtdSer, PtdA and tri- and di-acylglycerol could be detected. When macrophages
      prelabelled with [(3)H]arachidonic acid were treated with trifluoperazine,
      dibucaine or quinacrine, the [(3)H]arachidonic acid moiety in PtdEtn and PtdCho
      was decreased and that in PtdA was increased. The formation of [arachidonate
      (3)H]diacylglycerol and non-esterified [(3)H]-arachidonic acid was also enhanced,
      but the increase in [(3)H]arachidonic acid was only observed at concentrations
      between 1 and 50mum. [Arachidonate-(3)H]PtdIns was not significantly affected.
      The activated formation of [arachidonate-(3)H]PtdA, diacylglycerol and non
      esterified arachidonic acid by these drugs was synergistically enhanced in the
      presence of fMet-Leu-Phe.

PMID- 6819864
TI  - Regulation of malate oxidation in plant mitochondria. Response to rotenone and
      exogenous NAD+.
AB  - Exogenous NAD+ stimulated the rotenone-resistant oxidation of all the NAD+-linked
      tricarboxylic acid-cycle substrates in mitochondria from Jerusalem artichoke
      (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers. The stimulation was not removed by the addition
      of EGTA, which is known to inhibit the oxidation of exogenous NADH. It is
      therefore concluded that added NAD+ gains access to the matrix space and
      stimulates oxidation by the rotenone-resistant NADH dehydrogenase located on the
      matrix surface of the inner membrane. Added NAD+ stimulated the activity of malic
      enzyme and displaced the equilibrium of malate dehydrogenase; both observations
      are consistent with entry of NAD+ into the matrix space. Analysis of products of
      malate oxidation showed that rotenone-resistant oxygen uptake only occurred when
      the concentration of oxaloacetate was low and that of NADH was high. Thus it is
      proposed that the concentration of NADH regulates the activity of the two
      internal NADH dehydrogenases. Evidence is presented to suggest that the rotenone
      resistant NADH dehydrogenase is engaged under conditions of high phosphorylation
      potential, which restricts electron flux through the rotenone-sensitive
      dehydrogenase (coupled to ATP synthesis).

PMID- 6819866
TI  - Evidence for type V and I trimer collagens in Dupuytren's Contracture palmar
      fascia.

PMID- 6819865
TI  - Phospholipid turnover in isolated rat pancreatic acini. Consideration of the
      relative roles of phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction of
      phosphatidylinositol breakdown and the turnover of arachidonic acid in isolated
      rat pancreatic acini by using receptor agonists and the calcium ionophore
      ionomycin. Acini prelabelled with myo-[(3)H]inositol in vivo responded to
      carbachol with a rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol. In the presence of
      [(32)P]P(i), carbachol increased labelling of phosphatidic acid and
      phosphatidylinositol within 1 and 5 min respectively. Carbachol also rapidly
      stimulated the incorporation of [(14)C]arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol
      within 2 min, and the peptidergic secretagogue caerulein caused the loss of
      radioactivity from phospholipids prelabelled with arachidonic acid. Ca(2+)
      deprivation partially impaired the stimulatory action of carbachol on arachidonic
      acid turnover. In contrast with its stimulatory effects on [(32)P]P(i) and
      [(14)C]arachidonate incorporation, carbachol inhibited the incorporation of the
      saturated fatty acid stearic acid into phosphatidylinositol. Whereas ionomycin
      stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and [(32)P]P(i) labelling of
      phospholipids was slower in onset and less effective than carbachol stimulation,
      the ionophore effectively promoted (arachidonyl) phosphatidylinositol turnover
      within 2 min. These results implicate two separate pathways for stimulated
      phosphatidylinositol degradation in the exocrine pancreas, involving
      phospholipases A(2) and C. Whereas mobilization of cellular Ca(2+) appears
      sufficient to cause activation of phospholipase A(2) and amylase secretion,
      additional events triggered by receptor activation may be required to act in
      concert with Ca(2+) to optimally stimulate phospholipase C. The nature of the
      interaction between phospholipases A(2) and C and their specific physiological
      roles in pancreatic secretion remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6819867
TI  - Streptozocin-induced diabetes decreases formation of prostacyclin from
      arachidonic acid in intact rat lungs.

PMID- 6819869
TI  - Analysis of marker enzymes in the K562 erythroleukaemia cell line: no coordinate
      expression of red cell enzymes on induction of haemoglobin synthesis.
AB  - Six sublines of the K562 erythroleukaemic cell line were examined by starch gel
      electrophoresis for the red cell enzymes carbonic anhydrase, CA I and II,
      pyruvate kinase, PK1 (R), and lactic dehydrogenase, LDH (B), both uninduced and
      following induction of haemoglobin synthesis with sodium butyrate or haemin.
      Neither CA or PK1 (R) enzymes were present constitutively found to be inducible
      characteristics; the LDH isoenzyme pattern showed equal expression of A and B
      subunits and did not change to the red cell form (B greater than A) on induction.
      Subline heterogeneity was also examined by analysis of a further 11 polymorphic
      enzymes, and cell line contamination was found not to account for the previously
      reported variations in inducibility by sodium butyrate.

PMID- 6819871
TI  - The effect of wall plaster on a domestic population of Triatoma infestans.

PMID- 6819870
TI  - Structure of thermal polymers of amino acids.
AB  - When glutamic acid is a predominant amino acid in a thermally polymerized mixture
      of amino acids, pyro Glu is exclusively found at the N-terminal end of the poly
      amino acid polymer. It probably initiates the polymerization process. Lysine
      containing polymers will probably contain epsilon N-(glutamyl)L-lysine cross
      links which may account for the higher molecular weights observed in these
      polymers (100-200 000). Incorporation of some amino acids facilitates the
      incorporation of others. When utilizing mixtures of three to eight amino acids
      with glutamic acid as one of the amino acids, some fractions are obtained which
      include all the amino acids in the polymerization mixture. The biosynthesis of
      glutathione, gramicidin, tyrocidine and cell-wall polypeptides has demonstrated
      that non-random amino acid sequence peptides can be biologically synthesized
      without the direct participation of nucleic acids. That is, the enzymes appear to
      provide adequate chemical specificity to form non-random amino acid sequence
      peptides. The properties and replication of the scrapie agent may provide us with
      more profound insight as to the evolution of purely physical-chemical systems
      into biological systems.

PMID- 6819868
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in bovine adrenocortical mitochondria: arachidonic acid as
      substrate.

PMID- 6819873
TI  - [Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide changes in normal subjects during steamed
      bread meal test].

PMID- 6819872
TI  - [Somatomedin inhibition of the growth hormone secretion stimulated by the
      hypothalamic factor somatocrinin or the synthetic peptide hpGRF].
AB  - In the in vitro monolayer pituitary cell culture system somatomedin-C and IGF-I
      are practically equipotent to inhibit the secretion of growth hormone stimulated
      by hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) or the synthetic peptide
      hpGRF-44 (3-200 x 10(-12)M). Highly purified somatomedin-C or IGF-I are active to
      inhibit the effect of GRF at concentrations of 0.5 to 10 ng/ml(1.0 x 10(-10) M -
      1.3 x 10(-9) M) in either short-term (3-4 hrs.) or long-term (24 hrs.)
      incubation, with no statistical difference between the results obtained in either
      duration of incubation. IGF-II is less potent than IGF-I as an inhibitor of GRF.
      The effect of the somatomedins is specific for the secretion of growth hormone
      and is not duplicated by other growth factors such as epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF).

PMID- 6819874
TI  - [Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses in normal subjects to 100, 75
      and 50 grams of glucose load during glucose tolerance test].

PMID- 6819876
TI  - [Plasma insulin, glucose and C-peptide responses to oral glucose tolerance test
      in patients with liver disease].

PMID- 6819875
TI  - [C-peptide and insulin in diabetics].

PMID- 6819877
TI  - [Serum zinc, copper and magnesium levels in normal Chinese adults].

PMID- 6819878
TI  - [Investigation on pediatric urinary diseases].

PMID- 6819879
TI  - [Clinical observations and experimental study on microcirculatory changes during
      septic shock].

PMID- 6819880
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides].

PMID- 6819881
TI  - [Free and osteocutaneous flaps using superficial circumflex iliac vessels for
      blood supply].

PMID- 6819882
TI  - [Clinical observations on the effect of malanidinum injection in the treatment of
      malaria].

PMID- 6819883
TI  - [Lacunar infarction--with report of 14 cases].

PMID- 6819884
TI  - Intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin: effects upon cardiovascular dynamics and
      regional blood flow distribution in conscious dogs.
AB  - We have studied both central and peripheral hemodynamic changes induced by
      infusion of nitroglycerin (55 micrograms/kg per minute) over a 15-min period in
      conscious dogs to clarify its mechanism of action. Dogs were prepared with an
      electromagnetic flow probe positioned at the root of the aorta, and microspheres
      (9 microns) were used to measure regional blood flow distribution before and
      after 15 min of infusion. Controlled hypotension (-15 to -20 mmHg (1 mmHg =
      133.322 Pa)) was maintained throughout the infusion period and this hypotensive
      state was associated with a significant decrease in stroke volume (-30%), cardiac
      index (-20%), and left ventricular work (-43%). Regional blood flow studies
      showed that at the 15th min of infusion, nitroglycerin induced significant
      decrease in blood flow to all components of the myocardium (range -12 to -20%)
      while their vascular resistances were not affected significantly. Blood perfusion
      to liver (hepatic artery), spleen, and intestine was also modified significantly
      (-22, -18, and -16%, respectively) while their vascular resistances remained
      close to control values. By the time measurements were made, blood flow and
      vascular resistance of cerebral and renal tissues remained normal. For each organ
      studied, blood perfusion was uniform. These results indicate that nitroglycerin
      elicits both central and peripheral hemodynamic changes and that local reflex
      adjustments modify the vasodilator effect of the drug in most vascular beds that
      we have studied.

PMID- 6819885
TI  - The effects of thiosalicylic and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acids on
      the absorption and excretion of 54Mn and 65Zn in the duodenally dosed sheep.
AB  - Nine sheep, each prepared with a single cannula in the ascending duodenum and a
      reentrant cannula in the terminal ileum were fed a purified diet deficient in
      manganese and zinc for a period of 1 month. The sheep were then divided into
      three equal groups and duodenally dosed with a mixture containing MnSO4, ZnSO4,
      54Mn, 65Zn, and water (control), thiosalicylic acid (TSA), or
      hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA). Blood and ileal digesta were
      sampled for 24 h and total urine and feces were collected for 14 days after
      dosing. Plasma uptake of 54Mn 1 h after dosing was more than threefold higher in
      the HEDTA-dosed sheep than in other sheep, indicating higher absorption of 54Mn.
      This was accompanied by a lower flow of 54Mn through the terminal ileum during
      the first 12 h after dosing. However, total 14-day urinary and fecal excretion of
      54Mn and 65Zn were apparently higher in the HEDTA-dosed sheep than in other
      sheep, each approaching 100% of the dose. Excretion of 54Mn and 65Zn in TSA-dosed
      sheep was apparently higher than in control sheep. Plasma uptake 65Zn was higher
      in TSA-dosed sheep and lower in HEDTA-dosed sheep than in control sheep. However,
      total 14-day excretion of 65Zn in feces and urine was slightly higher in TSA
      dosed than in control sheep. It was concluded that chelation of Mn and Zn with
      HEDTA or TSA would aggravate rather than alleviate a Mn or Zn deficiency in
      sheep.

PMID- 6819886
TI  - The effect of dietary protein quantity on the activity of UDP
      glucuronyltransferase and its physiological significance in drug metabolism.
AB  - Low dietary protein has been shown to induce the activity of rat hepatic UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (UDPGTase) as measured in vitro. The assay of UDPGTase in
      vitro is hampered by the need to solubilize the microsomal membrane, without
      destroying the physiological significance of the measurements. The present work
      was to determine the effect of dietary protein on the activity of UDPGTase and on
      the activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. Chloral hydrate induced sleeping time
      was used as a bioassay for UDPGTase, confirming the physiological significance of
      the in vitro analysis. Sixty male rats were maintained on three different protein
      levels (7.5, 15, and 45%) for 16 days. Fifteen rats from each group were
      sacrificed and hepatic UDPGTase, cytochrome P-450, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, and
      alcohol dehydrogenase were assayed. Five rats from each group were dosed with
      7.5% chloral hydrate (4.8 mL/kg body weight) to measure sleeping time. Rats on
      7.5% dietary protein had significantly higher UDPGTase activity than rats fed
      either 15 or 45% protein diets. These differences in enzyme activity in vitro
      correlated with the differences in chloral hydrate sleeping time. Dietary protein
      was not found to affect the activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase as measured in
      vitro.

PMID- 6819887
TI  - Calculation of the rate of gluconeogenesis from the incorporation of 14C atoms
      from labelled bicarbonate or acetate.
AB  - The rate of gluconeogenesis in vivo may be estimated by the incorporation of 14C
      atoms from a labelled precursor into plasma glucose or by introducing 14C atoms
      into the pathway of gluconeogenesis at known stages by metabolites which in
      themselves do not contribute to the net synthesis of glucose (e.g., bicarbonate
      or acetate). The purpose of the investigation was to examine some of the
      assumptions involved in the calculation of gluconeogenic flux by the second
      approach. [2-14C]acetate or NaH14CO3 was infused to dogs, and the specific
      activity (SA) of glucose, bicarbonate CO2, urea, and lactate in the plasma was
      followed. The incorporation of 14C atoms from [2-14C]acetate into glucose allows
      the calculation of the degree of underestimation of glucose formation due to
      "metabolic exchange" in the hepatic oxaloacetate pool. The possible error
      introduced into this calculation by the incorporation of 14C atoms from 14CO2 (a
      product of acetate oxidation) was found to be negligible, but the heavy labelling
      of plasma lactate may possibly affect the estimate of metabolic exchange. It is
      proposed that in the calculation of the rate of gluconeogenesis from infused
      NaHCO3 the SA of hepatocellular and not of plasma bicarbonate CO2 should be
      related to that of plasma glucose. This latter is expected to equal the SA of
      plasma urea, since the sole precursor of its C atom is hepatocellular CO2. The
      rate of gluconeogenesis estimated from the SA(glucose)/SA(urea) ratio and a
      previously estimated correction factor for metabolic exchange was 51% of the
      glucose production in the postabsorptive state. The nearly identical
      SA(urea)/SA(CO2) ratios, irrespective of the tracer infused, indicated that
      plasma CO2 is a major precursor of urea C and that a large fraction of injected
      acetate is oxidized by extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 6819888
TI  - Selenium mediated dose-inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced
      transformation of mammary cells in organ culture.

PMID- 6819889
TI  - Permanent cell culture lines of rat erythroleukemia and growth inhibition by
      dexamethasone in vitro.
AB  - Four erythroleukemia cell lines were established in vitro from rats with primary
      leukemias induced by a set of intravenous injections of 7,8,12-trimethylbenz[a]
      anthracene (TMBA). These cell lines were grown in Dulbecco's medium with 20%
      inactivated fetal calf serum; they were characterized by specific consistent
      chromosome abnormalities, related to No. 2 chromosome, which were maintained in
      culture for more than 1 year. Addition of dexamethasone prevented the cell growth
      of 2 of the cell lines in this medium but failed to alter the growth rate of the
      other 2 cell lines. These findings are correlated with karyotype abnormalities
      involving chromosome No. 2.

PMID- 6819890
TI  - Influence of dietary selenium on the hepatic and pulmonary enzymes in
      polychlorobiphenyls-treated rats.
AB  - One-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained for 19 weeks on a low selenium
      diet with or without supplementation of 2.0 ppm selenium were injected
      intraperitoneally with either 500 mg PCB (Aroclor 1254)/kg body weight or placebo
      5 days prior to sacrifice. In addition to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)
      activity, PCB treatment also caused a significant increase in hepatic levels of
      thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBAR), reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase,
      GSH reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and GSH-S-transferase
      in rats on the low selenium diet. The non-selenium-dependent form of GSH
      peroxidase was mainly responsible for the increase of hepatic GSH peroxidase upon
      PCB treatment. Only the activities of AHH, GSH-S-transferase, and G-6-PD were
      significantly higher in the liver of PCB-treated rats fed the selenium
      supplemented diet. In contrast, except for AHH activity, the lung GSH and related
      enzymes were not significantly affected by PCB in either of the two dietary
      groups. The results suggest that dietary selenium deprivation renders the livers
      of rats more sensitive to PCB effects.

PMID- 6819891
TI  - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on survival in advanced colon cancer.
AB  - To determine if total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with constant infusion of
      hypertonic glucose and amino acids by central vein (35 kcal/kg/day) would
      influence survival in advanced colorectal carcinoma, 50 patients were randomized
      to receive either chemotherapy alone or the same drugs plus TPN for 14 days
      before treatment and a variable period thereafter. Overall median survival was
      significantly decreased in the TPN patients (79 vs 305 days, P = 0.03). Survival
      was significantly decreased in the TPN patients who had lost the least percentage
      of premorbid weight (0-6%) (66 vs 398 days, P = 0.02), and in all TPN males (61
      vs 209 days, P = 0.03), when compared to similar controls. TPN did not increase
      survival in any patient subcategory. Catheter-related and metabolic complications
      were uncommon. We conclude that TPN as used in this study did not prolong median
      survival in the group as a whole, and may have shortened survival in males and in
      patients with little or no prior weight loss.

PMID- 6819892
TI  - Dietary fat and DMBA mammary carcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - While there is no convincing direct evidence of an influence of specific dietary
      factors on breast cancer in women, the overall geographic correlation between
      risk of breast cancer and food consumption patterns suggests a positive link.
      Epidemiologic studies have correlated breast cancer rates with fat consumption.
      Increased dietary fat, through intestinal microflora production of estrogens,
      might expose breast tissue to chronic, excessive stimulation and increase cancer
      risk. Laboratory animal studies have shown that dietary fat affects response to
      DMBA carcinogenesis. Studies in our own laboratory have shown that 20% corn oil
      or lard increased DMBA mammary tumorigenesis, compared to rats fed 5% fat; 20%
      corn oil accelerated sexual maturation, but 20% lard did not. The mechanisms of
      tumorigenesis under such circumstances are unknown.

PMID- 6819893
TI  - Measurement of DNA repair in human cells on coverslips using liquid scintillation
      counting: a rapid carcinogenesis assay.

PMID- 6819894
TI  - Directly compressed tablets containing chitin or chitosan in addition to
      mannitol.

PMID- 6819895
TI  - [Mesenteric neurofibromatosis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of severe Recklinghausen's disease, revealed early in
      infancy, by spinal deformities and then by severe dislocations with kypho
      scoliosis surgically treated by anterior and posterior fusion. Other
      localisations of neurofibromatosis were present, especially bones and skin.
      During the disease's course a wide sub-cutaneous tumor of the chest wall was
      removed. Two years later a large abdomino-pelvic tumor of the mesentery was
      discovered and also removed. Histologic examination showed it to be related to
      Recklinghausen's disease and malignant. The authors analyse the risk of malignant
      degeneration of this tumor with relation to previous surgical treatment.

PMID- 6819896
TI  - [Sensitivity of aerobia microbial strains responsible for overseas infective
      diarrheas to two chemical substances: trimethoprime sulfamethoxazole and 5-methyl
      oxine].

PMID- 6819897
TI  - PRL action on E2 ovarian secretion.
AB  - 5 Amenorrhea hyperprolactinemic women in previous intermittent treatment with
      bromocryptine, received bromocryptine for three periods of 5, 4, 3 days; each
      treatment phase was followed by a ten days suspension. During treatment and
      during suspension FSH, LH, PRL and E2 were tested. There was no significative
      variation of FSH and LH; PRL lowered during treatment and reached basal values
      during suspension. Ovarian response (E2) varies with PRL levels. There was a
      statistically significative negative correlation between PRL and 17-beta-E2.

PMID- 6819898
TI  - Effect of metoclopramide and lisuride on hypophyseal and gonadal function in men.
AB  - The effects of chronic treatment over 7 weeks with metoclopramide and lisuride
      alone as well as the combination of both drugs were studied on basal and TRH/LHRH
      stimulated serum PRL, testosterone, LH, FSH, GH, and TSH concentrations. The
      study was conducted under double-blind placebo-controlled conditions and included
      twenty-four healthy male volunteers. In addition, repeated seminal fluid analyses
      were performed before, during and after treatment. While the known PRL
      stimulatory effect of metoclopramide and the PRL-lowering effect of lisuride
      could be confirmed, we were unable to demonstrate any substance-related effects
      on the other hypophyseal or gonadal hormones. In contrast to previously published
      data no adverse effects of metoclopramide on sperm analysis could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6819899
TI  - Effects of cimetidine on thyroid hormones.
AB  - Short-term administration of the H2-antagonist cimetidine (400 mg three times/day
      for 5 days) was performed in eight healthy male volunteers and its effects on
      both thyroid hormone levels and on hypophyseal hormone release induced by acute
      hypoglycaemia and TRH were tested. Absolute values of basal and post-TRH serum T3
      were decreased by treatment, while basal and stimulated serum rT3 and T4 levels
      were not altered significantly. Cimetidine administration did not change the
      hormone release induced by acute hypoglycaemia but significantly enhanced the
      prolactin and TSH responses to TRH. Our results suggest that cimetidine
      administration can modify the peripheral metabolism rather than the secretion of
      thyroid hormones.

PMID- 6819900
TI  - Is testicular endocrine function abnormal in young men with spinal cord injuries?
AB  - Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactin have been studied in
      seventeen men, aged 19 to 38 years, with traumatic paraplegia. Plasma
      testosterone, FSH and LH values were normal in all patients. The median LH
      concentration in patients was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in
      controls but there was no difference for FSH or testosterone. Plasma prolactin
      was high in five patients and the median prolactin concentration in patients was
      significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in controls. It is concluded that
      there is no evidence of primary testicular failure in young paraplegics but it is
      possible that testicular hypofunction in some paraplegics may be related to
      increased prolactin production.

PMID- 6819901
TI  - Tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel in women using a levonorgestrel-releasing
      IUD.
AB  - Thirteen women who were scheduled for hysterectomy volunteered for the study.
      Nine women had a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device
      inserted between 36 and 49 days prior to surgery and four women were on oral
      levonorgestrel treatment for 7 days prior to surgery. After the surgical removal
      of the uterus, samples of endometrial, myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue
      were obtained. Methods for measuring tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel were
      developed and the uptake of levonorgestrel by fat tissue in vitro was studied.
      The concentrations of levonorgestrel in myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue
      were all of the same order, of between 1 and 5 ng/g of wet weight of tissue, in
      both the intrauterine device group and the orally treated group. In the
      endometrium the levonorgestrel concentrations were many-fold higher in the
      intrauterine device group. The in vitro experiments showed a rapid uptake of
      levonorgestrel and an unsaturability of the fat tissue by the steroid at the
      concentrations used. The fat tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel correlated
      with the plasma concentrations.

PMID- 6819902
TI  - LHRH analogues can be luteotrophic.
AB  - Seven normally menstruating women were treated with consecutive daily
      supraoptimal doses of the LHRH analogue Hoe 766 initiated in the mid/late luteal
      phase. This treatment caused immediate increases in circulating levels of LH,
      FSH, oestradiol (E2) and progesterone. After a few days, the pituitary became
      unresponsive to Hoe 766 and LH and FSH levels returned to the normal luteal phase
      ranges while progesterone and E2 levels did not decline to their respective pre
      treatment levels until at least 24 h later. As a result of this treatment, the
      onset of the next menses was delayed in five of the seven women, indicating
      luteotrophism. These data show that the corpus luteum was responsive to increased
      LH/FSH during Hoe 766 therapy. Therefore, reported luteolytic effects of short
      term treatment with LHRH and/or its analogues were probably not caused by direct
      inhibitory ovarian action but by reduction of ensuing pituitary gonadotrophin
      levels.

PMID- 6819903
TI  - Sleep-associated gonadotrophin and oestradiol patterns in girls with precocious
      sexual development.
AB  - Circulating concentrations of gonadotrophins and oestradiol (E2) during sleep
      were examined in six girls aged 5-10 years with precocious sexual development.
      All subjects exhibited nocturnal increments of LH and/or FSH. Gonadotrophin
      secretion appeared to vary from pulsatile release to random oscillations. Three
      subjects with LH pulses of greater than 5 miu/ml and a concomitant FSH rise had a
      temporal elevation of E2 during sleep. The other three subjects with pulses of
      either LH or FSH of less than 5 miu/ml had no nocturnal rise in E2. These data
      suggest that the nocturnal elevation of E2 results from pituitary release of both
      LH and FSH, leads to premature sexual development, and may be occasioned by
      inappropriate timing of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (LHRH)
      secretion.

PMID- 6819904
TI  - Effects of oral and intravenous TRH and metoclopramide on PRL and TSH secretion
      in women.
AB  - Pituitary secretion of PRL and TSH is under the control of inhibitory
      dopaminergic and stimulatory TRH-mediated mechanisms. To evaluate the
      relationships between these regulatory systems, ten healthy women were treated
      with oral TRH (20 mg twice daily), a dopamine blocking drug, metoclopramide (MC)
      (10 mg t.d.s.) or placebo for 1 week (from 8th to 14th cycle day). Serum
      concentrations of PRL, TSH, T3 and T4 were determined before, at the end, and 3
      days after the treatments. In addition, PRL and TSH responses to i.v. TRH (200
      micrograms) or MC (10 mg) were studied at the end of the oral treatments. Oral
      TRH treatment was accompanied by increases in basal T3 and T4 concentrations, no
      change in PRL, and a decrease in TSH 3 days after the end of treatment. Oral TRH
      did not modify the PRL response to i.v. MC while it eliminated the TSH response
      to i.v. MC, possibly because of elevated concentrations of thyroid hormones. Oral
      MC treatment raised the concentrations of PRL, T3 and T4, and also potentiated
      the PRL response to i.v. TRH, whereas the TSH response remained unaltered. These
      results demonstrate that dopaminergic and TRH-mediated mechanisms are related in
      the control of PRL and TSH secretions, perhaps directly or through thyroid
      hormones.

PMID- 6819906
TI  - [LH and FSH secretion and cell growth on the monolayer culture using
      adenohypophysis of female rats].

PMID- 6819905
TI  - [Effects of metergoline on serum levels of prolactin and gonadotropin in women].

PMID- 6819908
TI  - Differentiation of benign monoclonal gammopathy and smouldering multiple myeloma
      from frank myeloma.
AB  - Circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of each type of the different Ig
      classes were enumerated using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay in nine subjects
      with the pre-clinical phase of IgG myeloma (six with benign monoclonal gammopathy
      and three with smouldering multiple myeloma). A shift in the ratio of IgG kappa
      to IgG lambda secreting cells without a significant increase in the total number
      of IgG secreting cells, that is the number of IgG kappa plus IgG lambda secreting
      cells, was a constant feature noted in every subject.

PMID- 6819907
TI  - beta-Adrenergic effect of antibodies from chagasic patients and normal human
      lymphocytes on isolated rat atria.

PMID- 6819909
TI  - B cell hyperactivity and abnormalities in T cell markers and immunoregulatory
      function in a patient with nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.
AB  - We describe a 2 year old girl with nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency, who
      had low blood T cell numbers and T lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens,
      hypergammaglobulinaemia, high titres of antibodies to many common antigens,
      various autoantibodies, a monoclonal IgM-kappa protein, an increased frequency of
      mature Ig containing blood B cells and a high production of Ig in vitro in
      unstimulated cultures. E rosetting cells showed faint or no immunofluorescence
      staining with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell membrane antigens. In
      vitro Ig production in response to pokeweed mitogen was defective, and no T cell
      helper or suppressor activity was observed. It is suggested that the
      immunoregulatory deficiency might have caused the B cell hyperactivity.

PMID- 6819910
TI  - Effect of acute and subacute treatment of clonidine on blood pH, PCO2 and PO2 in
      mice.
AB  - 1. Measurements were made on blood pH, PCO2 and PO2 in mice after a single
      injection and following five weeks continuous clonidine hydrochloride treatment.
      2. A single injection of clonidine hydrochloride exerts no effect on blood pH,
      PCO2 and PO2 but five weeks of continuous clonidine hydrochloride treatment
      lowers the blood pH and PCO2 and raises blood PO2, suggesting acidosis has taken
      place. 3. The acidosis may be attributed to rebound hypertension as a result of
      withdrawal of clonidine treatment.

PMID- 6819911
TI  - Captopril potentiates depressor responses to arachidonic acid in the rat.
AB  - 1. In chloralose anaesthetized rats intravenous administration of captopril (0.5
      mg/kg) was followed by an approximately 100-fold decrease in sensitivity to the
      pressor actions of angiotensin I. Concomitantly there was a 100-fold increase in
      sensitivity to the depressor effects of bradykinin. 2. Depressor responses to
      intravenous prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or a low dose of
      arachidonic acid (1 mg/kg) were not changed by captopril administration, but
      responses to a high dose of arachidonic acid (3 mg/kg), given either
      intravenously or into the aortic arch, were enhanced for up to two hours
      afterwards. 3. Depressor responses to arachidonic acid, both before and after
      captopril, were inhibited after intravenous indomethacin (1 mg/kg). 4. These
      results support the hypothesis that increased synthesis of prostaglandins in the
      circulation contributes to the hypotensive action of captopril.

PMID- 6819912
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen, a fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on murine lupus.

PMID- 6819913
TI  - Association of HLA-Bw44 with chlorpromazine-induced autoantibodies.

PMID- 6819914
TI  - Treatment of human immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 6819915
TI  - Clinical and immunological features in patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia presenting in an area of high incidence.

PMID- 6819916
TI  - Some effects of aldose reductase inhibition upon the eyes of long-term
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

PMID- 6819917
TI  - Genetic Counseling Clinic chromosome analysis in 522 cases.

PMID- 6819918
TI  - Pancreaticoduodenal resection. Report of 75 cases.

PMID- 6819919
TI  - Submicrocopic structures of oral and maxillofacial cancer cells pre- and
      postcryosurgery.

PMID- 6819920
TI  - An epidemiologic survey of senile cataract in China.

PMID- 6819921
TI  - Clinical observation of Rieger's syndrome. Report of 4 cases.

PMID- 6819922
TI  - Ear lobe crease, high serum cholesterol and human leukocyte antigen, risk factors
      in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6819923
TI  - Pathologic liver changes in beryllium poisoning.

PMID- 6819924
TI  - B-scan ultrasonography of orbital varices.

PMID- 6819925
TI  - Quantitative differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease and myocardiopathy.
      A computer-aided diagnostic method.

PMID- 6819926
TI  - Rare case of double light chain disease.

PMID- 6819927
TI  - Case-control study on myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6819928
TI  - Atrophic gastritis classification.

PMID- 6819929
TI  - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol microassay.

PMID- 6819930
TI  - Concentric sclerosis. Report of a case with light and electron microscopic
      examination.

PMID- 6819931
TI  - A case of 49, XXXXX syndrome.

PMID- 6819932
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis.

PMID- 6819933
TI  - X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 6819934
TI  - Pigment gallstones study.

PMID- 6819935
TI  - Dynamic observations of blood sugar and insulin levels with low-dose insulin
      infusion.

PMID- 6819936
TI  - Antireflux spur valve in Roux-Y anastomosis.

PMID- 6819937
TI  - Clinical and laboratory studies of spleen deficiency.

PMID- 6819938
TI  - [Variation of serum human growth hormone concentrations in various physiological
      and pathological conditions: a preliminary analysis of 441 cases].

PMID- 6819939
TI  - [Sling technic for treatment of retinal detachment caused by macular break
      (report of 20 cases)].

PMID- 6819940
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 126 cases of retinal detachment due to macular holes].

PMID- 6819941
TI  - [Analysis of retinal detachment with a giant tear involving a half of the
      circumference (report of 22 cases)].

PMID- 6819942
TI  - [Clinical features and prognosis of bilateral retinal detachment].

PMID- 6819943
TI  - [Scleral buckling without drainage for retinal detachment (report of 153 cases)].

PMID- 6819944
TI  - [Clinical analysis of cryosurgical treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 6819945
TI  - [Fungal infection following operation for retinal detachment (report of 5
      cases)].

PMID- 6819947
TI  - [Use of a dermis-fat graft in plastic surgery of the eye socket].

PMID- 6819948
TI  - [Surgical treatment of traumatic deformity of the medial canthus].

PMID- 6819946
TI  - [Hyaluronic acid as a vitreous substitute (an experimental study)].

PMID- 6819949
TI  - [Cystoid macular edema after intracapsular cataract extraction: II. Clinical
      manifestation].

PMID- 6819950
TI  - [Clinico-pathological analysis of 30 cases of meibomian gland carcinoma].

PMID- 6819951
TI  - [Analysis of misdiagnosis in sebaceous adenocarcinoma of the meibomian gland].

PMID- 6819952
TI  - [Cryotherapy in palpebral trichiasis].

PMID- 6819954
TI  - [Effect of virginiamycin on the shedding of Salmonella in broiler chickens].

PMID- 6819953
TI  - The effects of alcohol withdrawal and acute doses of alcohol on the acid-base
      balance in mice and rats.
AB  - While respiratory alkalosis has been reported to occur in human alcoholics during
      the withdrawal period, and may causally contribute to the expression of the
      withdrawal syndrome, we found no evidence of this in either alcohol physically
      dependent mice (DBA/2J) or rats (Sprague-Dawley) as reflected in blood pH, plasma
      pCO2, or intracellular brain pH relative to pair-fed control (no alcohol)
      animals. The inhalation of atmospheres high in CO2 (5% and 15%), which would be
      expected to reverse a respiratory alkalotic state, had no effect on the
      expression of the withdrawal syndrome in alcohol-dependent mice. These results
      indicate that a withdrawal syndrome of considerable intensity can develop in mice
      and rats in the absence of an alkalotic state.

PMID- 6819955
TI  - [Preliminary studies on iodine administration during parenteral nutrition].
AB  - Iodine deficiency is the main cause of endemic goiter. To estimate the iodine
      supply during parenteral nutrition, the iodine content of some important
      solutions used for infusions and routine parenteral nutrition has been assessed.
      It varied from 21 micrograms I/l to 68 micrograms I/l and is considered to be
      sufficient to supply the daily iodine requirement.

PMID- 6819956
TI  - A histometric comparison of Leydig cells in hibernating and nonhibernating toads
      (Bufo melanostictus).

PMID- 6819957
TI  - Studies on the urotoxicity of oxazaphosphorine cytostatics and its prevention-
      III. Profile of action of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna).
AB  - Mesna is a pharmacologically unremarkable, physiologically largely inert and
      almost totally non-toxic thio compound. It is rapidly eliminated renally and only
      slightly permeates into tissues. It has been shown experimentally that the
      bladder damage inducible in the rat by administration of oxazaphosphorine
      cytostatics can be successfully prevented by quite small doses of mesna. The
      detoxifying action of mesna is limited to the kidneys and the efferent urinary
      tract. The systemic effects of the oxazaphosphorines, however, remain unaffected.
      This applies particularly to the curative oncocidal efficacy of these compounds.
      It has also been shown experimentally that mesna does not affect the curative
      effects of other cytostatic drugs (doxorubicin, BCNU, methotrexate, vincristine).
      The efficacy of the cardiac glycoside proscillaridin is also not impaired by
      mesna.

PMID- 6819958
TI  - [Use of mathematical models in the analysis of gastric digestion].
AB  - Mathematical models of gastric hydrolysis of different proteins were elaborated
      in dogs. These models consider the spatialtemporal coordinates of distribution of
      pepsin, hydrogen ions and hydrolysates in the stomach, carry out the analysis of
      factors determining the gastric digestion. The main part belongs to topography
      and hydrodynamics of gastric content as well as to pepsin concentration. The
      concentration of "total hydrolysates" is proposed as the final criterion of the
      gastric digestion. An algorithm for mathematical modelling of gastric digestion
      is suggested.

PMID- 6819959
TI  - The surface concentration of H-2 antigens on mouse pancreatic beta-cells and
      islet cell transplantation.
AB  - Measurement of the concentration of H-2 complex antigens in the surface membrane
      of mouse pancreatic beta-cells by a quantitative immunoferritin-labeling
      technique revealed that the antigens were present in very small amounts on the
      beta-cells of five strains. A comparison of the labeling densities in the five
      strains suggested that beta-cells from C57BL/10Sn congenic strains have about
      half the H-2 antigen density of BALB/c and C3H/HeJ cells. In C57BL/10Sn mice the
      antigen density on beta-cells was slightly greater than that on erythrocytes,
      about 20% of that on thymocytes, and about 2.5% of that present on peritoneal
      macrophages. Intraperitoneal allografts of c57BL/10Sn islets were uniformly
      rejected by B10.BR/SgSn diabetic recipients only when the islets were accompanied
      by 10(7) peritoneal lymphoid cells. When transplanted without peritoneal cells,
      C57BL/10Sn islets were only marginally rejectable. In a group of nine such
      allografts, three diabetic recipients were permanently cured and three others
      showed rejection times of about 30 days. Sensitization of the three mice showing
      permanent cures, using 10(7) allogeneic peritoneal cells at about 40 days after
      the transplant, did not cause rejection of the allografts. Isogeneic
      transplantation of cell suspensions from dissociated islets of Langerhans was
      markedly less effective in controlling diabetes than intact islets, and
      dissociation did not obviously improve the rate of allograft survival. However,
      5/19 diabetic mice receiving allografts of dissociated islet cells showed long
      term reversals of diabetes that were unaffected by administration of 10(7)
      peritoneal cells at about 100 days after the transplant. Recipient mice whose
      diabetes was reversed by islet allografts and unaffected by specific
      sensitization had pancreatic insulin concentrations characteristic of diabetic
      mice. Our reversals of diabetes with untreated islet allografts may be due to the
      cleanliness of islet preparations obtained with a modified isolation technique,
      and to the very low density of H-2 complex antigens on C57BL/10Sn beta-cells.

PMID- 6819961
TI  - Report of International Human Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Registry Cases
      through 1981.
AB  - According to cases reported to the new International Human Pancreas and Islet
      Transplantation Registry, 190 pancreas transplants in 178 patients were performed
      worldwide between December 16, 1966, and December 31, 1981. Currently (March
      1982), 19 patients have functioning pancreas grafts and are insulin-independent,
      9 for more than 1 yr. All of the patients with currently functioning grafts were
      transplanted after 1977. Since 1970, 76 islet transplants have been attempted in
      71 patients, of which almost all failed and no patients are currently insulin
      independent. Although the technical problems with pancreas transplants are not
      entirely solved, the major cause of graft failure has been rejection. The need
      for antirejection therapy has limited the application of pancreas transplantation
      to diabetic renal allograft recipients or to nonuremic patients whose
      complications of diabetes are, or predictably will be, worse than the side
      effects of chronic immunosuppression. Pancreas transplantation can, however, be
      performed with expectation of long-term success in some patients with current
      surgical and immunosuppressive methods.

PMID- 6819960
TI  - Transplantation without immunosuppression.
AB  - Exciting new findings have been reported in the past few years that indicate that
      islets can be transplanted successfully across major histocompatibility barriers
      without the continuous use of immunosuppressive agents by techniques designed to
      eliminate passenger leukocytes. In vitro culture of donor islets either at a low
      temperature (24 degrees C) with a single injection of antilymphocyte serum or
      culture of megaislets in the presence of 95% O2 before transplantation permitted
      the successful transplantation of islet allografts and xenografts (rat to mouse).
      Definitive evidence in support of the passenger leukocyte concept has been
      obtained recently. Mouse islet cells have been shown to express the class I
      antigens of the H-2 complex, but do not express Ia antigens. Treatment of fresh
      mouse islets with specific anti-Ia sera and complement completely prevented
      rejection of islets transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier. These
      findings indicate that Ia-positive cells (possibly dendritic cells) are primarily
      responsible for the initiation of immune rejection of the transplants. This is of
      particular importance with respect to the eventual transplantation of islets into
      human diabetics since it may be feasible to utilize antisera to HLA-DR antigens
      for pretreatment of islets before transplantation. In addition, these new
      developments may also be applicable to the transplantation of other organs such
      as the parathyroid, heart, kidney, liver, and skin.

PMID- 6819962
TI  - The reversal of diabetes by pancreatic islet transplantation.
AB  - In this paper the theoretical basis of alloreactivity and its relevance to
      transplantation biology is discussed prior to a review of work showing that
      culture of adult mouse pancreatic islets for 7 days in 95% O2 and 5% CO2
      facilitates successful grafting to nonimmunosuppressed allogeneic recipients.
      These allografts function by reversing both chemically induced and spontaneous
      diabetes. The fetal mouse pancreas is more immunogenic than adult islets, and
      even after a culture period of 10 days in 95% O2 and 5% CO2, BALB/c allografts
      are consistently rejected by nonimmunosuppressed recipient mice. The
      immunogenicity of fetal pancreas is thought to be due to the presence of
      contaminating lymphoreticular cells in the mesentery surrounding the fetal
      pancreas. Digestion of the fetal pancreas with collagenase allows the isolation
      of proislets that develop into functional islet tissue on transplantation. Fetal
      proislets are less immunogeneic than the whole fetal pancreas and may provide a
      source of tissue for clinical transplantation. Established islet allografts are
      relatively stable and are not rejected following nonspecific stimulation of the
      recipient's immune system or following passive transfer of either antibody or
      antibody and complement. After prolonged residence in the recipient a state of
      allograft tolerance develops and such grafts resist rejection by specific
      stimulation of the recipient. The administration of donor antigen in the form of
      uv-irradiated cells enforces this state of allograft tolerance.

PMID- 6819963
TI  - Organ culture of fetal mouse and fetal human pancreatic islets for allografting.
AB  - In organ culture of fetal human and fetal murine pancreas under "conventional"
      conditions (10% CO2 in air), the islet cells of both species survive, proliferate
      and function but the acinar tissue rapidly degenerates. Fetal mouse islet cells
      also survive in 90% O2 and 10% CO2 but nonendocrine cells, including fibroblasts
      and macrophages, degenerate. Fetal mouse islets grown in 90% O2 show diminished
      immunogenicity when transplanted into recipients differing across the entire MHC,
      but a reduced allograft response by the host is frequently still present in the
      absence of immunosuppression. Fetal human islets, grown in 10% CO2 in air,
      produce insulin in vitro for prolonged periods, and as xenografts, differentiate
      under the kidney capsule of athymic mice, suggesting that under appropriate
      conditions both in vitro and in vivo, the fetal human islets can survive.
      However, fetal human pancreatic cells of all types are highly susceptible to high
      oxygen concentrations and are rapidly killed. Because of the susceptibility of
      fetal human pancreas to oxygen, conditions for the culture of fetal human islets
      for allotransplantation may need to be modified from those tolerated by fetal
      mouse islets. Fetal human islets may be a useful source of transplant material in
      human insulin-dependent diabetes, but it is likely that tissue matching and
      immunosuppression may be required in addition to modification of islet
      immunogenicity by prior organ culture.

PMID- 6819964
TI  - Tissue culture reduces Ia antigen-bearing cells in rat islets and prolongs islet
      allograft survival.
AB  - Prolongation of rat pancreatic islet allograft survival by a prior 7-day period
      of tissue culture was demonstrated, confirming previous reports by others. We
      then sought to identity those cells in islets capable of stimulating allograft
      rejection (Ia antigen-bearing cells) and to determine whether such cells and/or
      their Ia antigens might be reduced by tissue culture. Freshly isolated and 7-day
      cultured Wistar-Furth rat islets were incubated with a mouse anti-rat Ia
      nonpolymorphic monoclonal antibody, then with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti
      mouse antibody, and processed for electron microscopy. Peroxidase (Ia)-positive
      lymphocytes, macrophages, and capillary endothelial cells were identified in
      fresh but not in cultured islets. A radioligand assay, using 125I-protein A,
      revealed a 45% decrease in binding of Ia antibody to cultured compared with fresh
      islet cells. We conclude that Ia antigen-bearing lymphocytes, macrophages, and
      capillary endothelial cells in rat islets are reduced by tissue culture and that
      this may account, at least in part, for the decreased immunogenicity of cultured
      islet allografts.

PMID- 6819965
TI  - Reversal of hyperglycemia by intrasplenic transplantation of 4-week-cultured
      allogeneic mouse islets.
AB  - Culture of isolated mouse pancreatic islets in RPMI 1640 for 4 wk with
      maintenance of specific functions is possible, although a considerable reduction
      of the number of surviving islets was observed. Culture in medium TC 199 resulted
      in a lower islet loss, but such islets were functionally less competent.
      Noncultured C57BL/6J (H-2b) islets were rapidly rejected when allografted
      intrasplenically into alloxan-diabetic but nonimmunosuppressed C57BL/KsJ (H-2d)
      mice. By contrast, the immunogenicity of C57BL/6J islets cultured for 4 wk at 37
      degrees C in RPMI 1640 and an air-carbon dioxide atmosphere was markedly reduced
      as evidenced by their ability to partly or completely normalize the hyperglycemia
      of nonimmunosuppressed alloxan-diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice for several weeks. Both
      intact islets and islets undergoing rejection were found in the spleens. The
      present data suggest that in vitro culture for 4 wk may reduce the immunogenicity
      of the islets, although a complete suppression is not achieved.

PMID- 6819966
TI  - The influence of removing passenger cells on the fate of skin and parathyroid
      allografts. Evidence for major histocompatibility complex restriction in
      transplantation immunity.

PMID- 6819967
TI  - Transplantation of islet cells across major histocompatibility barriers after
      total lymphoid irradiation and infusion of allogeneic bone marrow cells.
AB  - Diabetic Lewis rats (AgB1/L) were evaluated as recipients of allogeneic Wistar
      Furth (AgB2/2) isolated adult islets without the use of standard recipient
      immunosuppression. One group was treated with fractionated total lymphoid
      irradiation (TLI) and Wistar-Furth bone marrow cell reconstitution to proven
      chimerism prior to islet transplantation. This group returned to a prediabetic
      state following Wistar-Furth islet transplantation without any evidence of
      rejection for 100 days posttransplant. A second group of Lewis rats received only
      TLI without bone marrow treatment. They gave a varying result following islet
      transplantation with one recipient showing evidence of prolonged islet survival.
      A third chimeric control group did not receive isolated islets and did not alter
      their diabetic state. A fourth group was not given TLI nor donor bone marrow
      cells and uniformly rejected their allogeneic islets by 7 days. Thus, allogeneic
      adult islets will survive across major rat histocompatibility barriers using TLI
      and donor bone marrow chimerism as the only form of immunosuppression.

PMID- 6819968
TI  - Transplantation of islets and bone marrow cells to animals with immune insulitis.
AB  - The results of islet transplantation in an animal model of spontaneous immune
      insulitis were studied to see whether this disease process might damage
      transplanted tissue. Since the insulitis occurs only in "BB" rats (which are not
      genetically uniform) syngeneic grafts could not be used, therefore allograft
      rejection was avoided by rendering "BB" rats tolerant of WF transplantation
      antigens by inoculating them neonatally with WF bone marrow cells. Despite the
      resultant tolerant state, which permitted successful engraftment of WF skin and
      islets transplanted to artificially diabetic "BB" rats, tolerant "BB" rats with
      spontaneous diabetes accepted transplanted WF islets only briefly before they
      were destroyed by immune insulitis. "BB" rats were found to have abnormalities in
      immune response (delayed skin graft rejection and decreased alloreactivity in
      mixed lymphocyte response). "BB" rats that were treated neonatally with WF bone
      marrow. Moreover, "BB" rats inoculated with WF bone marrow neonatally were found
      less likely to become diabetic than untreated "BB" controls. It is suggested that
      the chimeric state (persistence of WF bone marrow cells) may be responsible for
      the improved immune response and perhaps for the decreased susceptibility to
      diabetes.

PMID- 6819969
TI  - Cyclosporin A for immunosuppression: observations in rat heart, pancreas, and
      islet allograft models and in human renal and pancreas transplantation.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a unique immunosuppressive cyclic polypeptide that is
      currently being used, either alone or in combination with low-dose prednisone, to
      treat recipients of renal or pancreas allografts in clinical trials. CsA is very
      effective in preventing rejection of heart and renal allografts in rodents, but
      in nontoxic doses does not consistently prevent rejection of pancreas and islet
      allografts. Therefore, we tested low-dose CsA in various combinations with low
      dose prednisone, azathioprine, or total lymphoid irradiation in rat heart,
      pancreas, and islet allograft models. Several combinations are synergistic and
      when administered continuously can indefinitely prevent rejection of heart
      allografts, but only delay rejection of pancreatic allografts, transplanted
      across a major histocompatibility barrier, CsA by itself prolonged the survival
      of islet allografts transplanted across a minor, but not a major,
      histocompatibility barrier. CsA and azathioprine had a synergistic effect in the
      minor histocompatibility barrier islet transplant model, but, in the nontoxic
      combinations tested, could not prevent rejection indefinitely. A randomized
      prospective trial comparing standard immunosuppressive therapy (ALG, prednisone,
      and azathioprine), with CsA and low-dose prednisone for clinical renal
      allotransplantation is ongoing at the University of Minnesota. Current actuarial
      1-yr graft survival is 93% for CsA-treated patients (N = 48) and 81% for
      conventionally treated patients (N = 52). Patient survival is 98% for CsA and
      100% for conventionally treated patients. A pilot trial of CsA in the clinical
      pancreas transplant program at the University of Minnesota is also underway.
      Since 1978, 46 pancreas transplants have been performed in 43 patients. Of 30
      technically successful pancreatic allografts, 5 of 12 recipients treated with
      conventional immunosuppression and 6 of 18 recipients treated with CsA currently
      have functioning grafts and are insulin independent between 1 and 44 months after
      transplantation. The results of metabolic studies are similar in conventional and
      CsA-treated patients with functioning pancreas grafts. Since pancreas grafts may
      fail for reasons other than rejection, further observations are needed to
      ascertain the role of CsA in clinical pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 6819970
TI  - Leucine absorption after mechanical obstruction of the rat small intestine.
AB  - Leucine absorption across the mechanically obstructed rat intestine was studied
      by in vivo and in vitro techniques. It varied between the early (after 2 h) and
      late (after 18 h) phases of the obstruction. During the early phase there was a
      reduction in mucosal uptake and in net absorption of the amino acid. At 18 h the
      inhibition in mucosal uptake was more prominent both above and below the
      occlusion site but net absorption was only reduced below the obstruction and was
      relatively unaffected above it. Mannitol and nonmediated leucine absorption were
      also increased above the obstruction. The findings during the late phase suggest
      the presence of an increase in leucine permeability across the intestine above
      the occlusion site. The observed normal rate of net leucine absorption across
      this segment is thought to be due to enhancement in intestinal diffusion which
      could be masking the depression in mucosal uptake.

PMID- 6819971
TI  - The expression in eukaryotes of a tyrosine kinase which is reactive with pp60v
      src antibodies.
AB  - All specimens of Eumetazoa and Parazoa, ranging from mammals, birds, teleosts,
      sharks, lampreys, amphioxus, insects, down to sponges showed the pp60c-src
      associated kinase activity, indicating that c-src, which is the cellular
      homologue of the oncogene v-src of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is probably present
      in all multicellular animals. Protozoa and plants did not show pp60c-src kinase
      activity. The degree of c-src expression depends on the taxonomic rank of the
      Eumetazoa tested, and is organ-specific with nervous tissues displaying the
      highest kinase activities. In the central nervous system of mammals and birds we
      found a high c-src expression, and in that of the lampreys, amphioxus, and
      insects the lowest. Unexpectedly, total extracts of sponges showed an amount of
      pp60c-src kinase activity similar to that of brain cell extracts of mammals and
      birds. These findings suggest that pp60c-src is a phylogenetic old protein that
      might have evolved together with the multicellular organisation of Metazoa, and
      that might be of importance in proliferation and differentiation of
      nontransformed cells.

PMID- 6819972
TI  - [Non-secretory myeloma].

PMID- 6819973
TI  - [Description of a case of a syndrome similar to Reye's syndrome in a male adult
      undergoing treatment with valproic acid and phenobarbital].

PMID- 6819974
TI  - [Centenary of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus].

PMID- 6819975
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans of rat colorectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A transplantable colorectal adenocarcinoma and the normal colonic mucosa derived
      from rats of ACI/N strain were digested with pronase, and the glycosaminoglycan
      fractions were obtained by fractionation with cetylpyridinium chloride. The
      glycosaminoglycan fraction derived from the adenocarcinoma contained substantial
      amounts of chondroitin sulfate A/C, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and
      hyaluronic acid, whereas chondroitin sulfate A/C and dermatan sulfate were
      undetectable in that derived from the normal colonic mucosa. An increment in the
      heparan sulfate content was also apparent in the adenocarcinoma, while the level
      of hyaluronic acid appeared to be unchanged. Analyses of the extract of the tumor
      tissue with 5mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate (pH 7.0) indicated that heparan
      sulfate was present largely, if not completely, in the form of proteoglycan.

PMID- 6819976
TI  - Effect of spleen-derived cells on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte
      responses to mitogens in gastric cancer patients.
AB  - Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells and their fractions which were prepared from
      spleens removed at the time of total or proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer
      were treated with mitomycin C, and their effect on autochthonous peripheral blood
      lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P and concanavalin A was assessed in
      coculture experiments. It was found that splenic mitomycin C-treated lymphocyte
      rich mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients had suppressor cell
      activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P and
      concanavalin A and that the cells with the activity were either plastic dish
      adherent cells or T-enriched cells alone or both of them. It was also found that
      splenic lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients
      had augmenting activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to
      phytohemagglutinin P and that the cells which exerted the activity were either
      plastic dish-adherent cells or T-enriched cells or all of plastic dish-adherent
      cells and T- and B-enriched cells.

PMID- 6819977
TI  - Antitumor and interferon-inducing activities of TH69, a whole bacterial
      preparation of Streptococcus faecalis, in mice.
AB  - The antitumor effect of TH69, a lyophilized whole cell preparation of
      Streptococcus faecalis, was examined in mice using four experimental tumors:
      Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma-180 in DDI mice, MCA tumor in syngeneic C3H mice
      and Meth-A tumor in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Consecutive intraperitoneal injections
      of TH69 started one day after the tumor implantation markedly inhibited the
      growth of the two allogeneic ascites tumors and two syngeneic solid tumors.
      However, even with the most sensitive Ehrlich ascites tumor, TH69 was ineffective
      when the tumor cell inoculum was more than 2 X 10(6) cells per mouse. Neither
      oral nor subcutaneous administrations of TH69 produced significant antitumor
      effects. After a single intraperitoneal administration of TH69 (300 mg/kg) to
      mice, interferon was induced in the serum with a titer of 220 U/ml at 14 hr after
      administration. As TH69 has no direct cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich tumor
      cells, the antitumor effect of TH69 in mice must be ascribed to some
      immunopotentiating activity including interferon induction.

PMID- 6819978
TI  - Rat immunoglobulin delta heavy chain gene: nucleotide sequence derived from
      cloned cDNA.
AB  - Rat immunoglobulin delta heavy-chain mRNA has been isolated. RNA blot analysis
      revealed that this mRNA with a length of 1.8 kb encodes for the secreted form of
      IgD. The corresponding cDNA was cloned in plasmid pBR322 and its sequence was
      determined. The hybrid plasmid contains a 775-bp insert comprising a partial C
      delta 1 sequence and complete C delta H, C delta 3, C delta DC and 3'
      untranslated sequences. Rat and mouse IgD amino acid sequences show striking
      homology in C delta 3 and C delta DC regions.

PMID- 6819979
TI  - Functional expression of a yeast ochre suppressor tRNA gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The yeast tRNATyr ochre suppressor SUP6 gene and a derivative of this gene in
      which the 14-bp intervening sequence has been deleted, SUP6 delta, have been
      examined for functional expression in Escherichia coli. The SUP6 delta, but not
      the SUP6, gene codes for a functional transfer RNA which has been shown to
      suppress both ochre and amber nonsense mutations in E. coli. Although the SUP6
      delta fragment is contained within a 750-bp restriction fragment, isolated from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and contains no encoded CCA, the primary transcript,
      which originates from an E. coli promoter, approx. 1000 bp upstream, is processed
      to a mature, functional transfer RNA. The pattern of suppression, i.e.,
      suppression of both ochre and amber mutants, is characteristic of E. coli ochre
      suppressing tRNAs and is in contrast to the pattern observed in yeast, where only
      ochre mutations are suppressed. The SUP6 delta encoded tRNA, although coding for
      tRNATyr in yeast, is not charged solely with tyrosine in E. coli. The functional
      expression of this mutant eukaryotic transfer RNA gene in E. coli affords a
      unique opportunity for studies of expression of a gene coding for a stable RNA,
      in both a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic host.

PMID- 6819980
TI  - The critical need for nurses in long-term care: implications for geriatrics
      education.

PMID- 6819981
TI  - [Serologic studies with Solco Trichovac, a vaccine against Trichomonas vaginalis
      infections in women].

PMID- 6819982
TI  - [Effect of Solco Trichovac vaccination on the vaginal flora and morphology of
      Doderlein's bacilli].

PMID- 6819983
TI  - [Function-saving surgical treatment of degenerative and neoplastic diseases of
      the ovaries].

PMID- 6819984
TI  - [Effects of KB-1043 and some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on
      prostaglandin and SRS-A synthesis].
AB  - The effects of KB-1043, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on
      prostaglandin (PG) and SRS-A synthesis were investigated and compared with those
      of reference drugs. KB-1043 (3 X 10(-5) approximately 3 X 10(-4)M) inhibited the
      PG synthesis induced by PG synthetase prepared from bovine seminal vesicles. The
      IC50 value was 1.33 X 10(-4)M. The activity of KB-1043 was less than that of
      indomethacin, but was about 8 times stronger than that of aspirin. However, KB
      1043 (10(-6) and 10(-5)M) did not increase the SRS-A released from sensitized
      guinea pig lung. With a concentration of 10(-4), KB-1043 decreased the SRS-A
      release. On the other hand, indomethacin (10(-6) and 10(-5)M), mefenamic acid
      (10(-6) and 10(-5)M), phenylbutazone (10(-5) and 10(-4)M) and aspirin (10(-4) and
      10(-3)M) distinctly increased the SRS-A release from sensitized guinea pig lung.

PMID- 6819985
TI  - Skeletal remains of Propliopithecus chirobates from the Egyptian Oligocene.
AB  - A distal humerus, a fragmentary ulna, a tibia and several partial calcanei from
      Oligocene sediments in the Fayum Province of Egypt are attributed to
      Propliopithecus chirobates. Comparison and analysis of this material indicates
      that this species was an arboreal quadruped. All of the skeletal elements are
      more similar to the same bones in the Miocene hominoid Pliopithecus vindobonensis
      than to any extant primate species. Like Pliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus zeuxis,
      Propliopithecus exhibits numerous primitive skeletal features and more closely
      resembles living ceboids than either extant hominoids or cercopithecoid monkeys.

PMID- 6819986
TI  - Analysis of heterogeneity in Fanconi's anemia patients of different ethnic
      origin.

PMID- 6819987
TI  - Patterns of exchange induced by mitomycin C in C-bands of human chromosomes. I.
      Relationship to C-band size in chromosomes 1, 9, and 16.
AB  - Frequencies of exchange were determined in C-bands of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 in
      six normal males, and related to relative C-band area. Comparing these different
      chromosomes, more exchanges occurred on average in 9 than in 1 although their
      mean C-band sizes were similar. Chromosome 16 exchanges were fewer, both overall
      and relative to C-band area. Comparing the same chromosome between individuals,
      there was a positive correlation between relative frequency and band size in both
      1-1 and 9-9 exchanges. No clear trend was observed for other exchange events. If
      homology is required for interchange, it cannot be dependent solely on overall C
      band size. Perhaps certain DNA sequences, sensitive to mitomycin C damage, are
      located in part of each C-band, with less per unit area in chromosome 1 than in 9
      and still less in chromosome 16. X- and U-type exchanges between chromosome 9s
      occurred in near equal frequencies in all individuals. If synapsis of specific,
      affected sequences is a pre-requisite for interchange, this observation suggests
      that the affected sequence in chromosome 9 is arranged in both orientations
      relative to the centromere.

PMID- 6819988
TI  - Patterns of exchange induced by mitomycin C in C-bands of human chromosomes. II.
      High frequency of Y-Y exchange in XYY cells.
AB  - In XY cells, exchanges in the Y C-band were rare (less than 0.8%). However, in
      XYY cells we observed 58 Y chromosomes involved in exchange out of 208 (28%).
      Most were Y-Y interchanges. Therefore mitomycin C does affect Y C-bands, but
      subsequent interchange requires the presence of a homologue. This may be the
      consequence of interphase association of the homologues, or by homologous
      interaction of an affected DNA sequence in the two Ys. If the latter, the
      proposed sequence cannot be localized to proximal or distal parts of the Y C
      band, as exchange points were observed in both. Also, it may be oriented in one
      direction in the Y, as the Y-Y exchanges which could be unambiguously classified
      were X-type events.

PMID- 6819990
TI  - Biosynthesis of penicillin in vitro: purification & properties of
      'phenyl/phenoxyacetic acid activating enzyme'.

PMID- 6819989
TI  - Effects of TRH on cell proliferation of rat pituitary cells (GH3).
AB  - Chronic treatment (more than 3 d) of GH3 cells, cloned rat pituitary cells
      producing prolactin, with 100 nM TRH resulted in a 41% reduction in the rate of
      cell growth in a medium containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum. These effects of TRH
      appeared both in the medium containing a higher concentration of serum and in
      that containing six growth factors, i.e. insulin, transferrin, parathyroid
      hormone, fibroblast growth factor, triiodothyronine, and multiplication
      stimulating activity (MSA) instead of serum. TRH stimulated prolactin production
      by GH3 cells in a dose-dependent manner both in the serum-supplemented and serum
      free media. On the other hand, TRH, at 1 nM, elicited a 130% stimulation in the
      cellular growth, whereas, at concentrations of more than 10 nM, it inhibited the
      growth significantly. In the defined culture system, it was demonstrated that TRH
      stimulated prolactin production in the presence or absence of six growth factors,
      whereas its inhibitory effects on cellular growth appeared only in the presence
      of MSA regardless of the presence or absence of the other five factors.
      Furthermore, it was shown that a dose-dependent stimulatory effect of MSA on the
      growth of GH3 cells was suppressed by TRH. TRH exhibited only a stimulatory
      effect on cellular growth in the medium containing the five factors other than
      MSA. In conclusion, TRH could inhibit cell growth of GH3 in the presence of MSA
      in the defined medium or MSA-like factor(s) in the serum-supplemented medium.

PMID- 6819991
TI  - Influence of lysine on the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rats fed
      cholesterol free diet.

PMID- 6819992
TI  - A malaria 'mitogen'-induced depressed immune response to meningococcal
      polysaccharide vaccine in BALB/c mice.
AB  - Uninfected female BALB/c mice were given a 4-daily intraperitoneal injection, of
      supernatants obtained from 24-h cultures of Plasmodium berghei infected and
      control mouse red blood cells, for 20 days. Each mouse was subsequently injected
      subcutaneously with 10 mg meningococcal (groups A and C combined) polysaccharide
      vaccine. Mean meningococcal haemagglutinating antibody titres obtained in mice
      pretreated with control supernatants were consistently higher, than those
      obtained in mice pretreated with supernatants from malaria-infected red blood
      cell cultures, over a period of 14 days. The results suggest that a malaria
      'mitogen' may be involved in the pathogenesis of the immunosuppression
      characteristic of this infection.

PMID- 6819993
TI  - Do OKT 3 monoclonal antibodies inhibit T-cell proliferation by blocking the
      receptor for TCGF?
AB  - OKT 3 monoclonal antibodies strongly inhibit the proliferation of T-cell growth
      factor (TCGF)-dependent continuously-growing T-lymphoblasts. The inhibition was
      shown to be dose-dependent reaching close to 70% in a concentration of 10
      micrograms/ml. By using a purified radiolabelled TCGF preparation the inhibition
      was shown to take place at the level of growth factor binding. These results are
      consistent with OKT 3 monoclonal antibodies reacting with a membrane structure on
      or close to the TCGF receptor on activated human T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 6819994
TI  - Induction of interferon by streptococcus pyogenes extracellular products.
AB  - Lymphocyte-activating streptococcal exoproteins, which were previously
      characterized, have been tested for their capacity to induce interferon in vitro.
      Two out of the 3 different streptococcal fractions, studied on mice splenocytes,
      were shown to elicit the production of a significant amount of interferon. A
      large proportion of the interferon detected in the supernatants from mice
      activated spleen cells was acid-labile interferon. The highest level of
      interferon titer was obtained with the streptococcal fraction identified as the
      erythrogenic toxin.

PMID- 6819995
TI  - On the relationship of members of the tuberculosis complex to other species of
      mycobacteria.

PMID- 6819996
TI  - The value of culture in pulmonary tuberculous patients with negative smear
      bacilloscopy.

PMID- 6819997
TI  - The influence of the discovery of Koch's bacterium on the Hungarians.

PMID- 6819999
TI  - The "Asian" type of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6819998
TI  - Trends in drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 6820000
TI  - Koch's postulates and the Koch phenomenon, an update.

PMID- 6820001
TI  - Body vitamin A status and binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene to rat
      mammary gland DNA.

PMID- 6820002
TI  - Chemosterilant effect of thiourea in cockroach Periplaneta americana.

PMID- 6820003
TI  - Antiviral agents in herpes simplex keratitis.

PMID- 6820004
TI  - Advances in the treatment of allergic disorders of the eye.

PMID- 6820005
TI  - Effect of birth order and parental age on congenital ocular abnormality.

PMID- 6820006
TI  - The lower third molar and antiphlogistics.

PMID- 6820007
TI  - Nasolabial cyst. Review of the literature and report of 7 cases.

PMID- 6820008
TI  - Median cysts of the jaws--not a true clinical entity.
AB  - The so-called median cysts of the jaws (median mandibular and median palatine)
      are currently classified as fissural cysts. Their existence as distinct clinical
      and histological entities has been the cause of debate. It is the purpose of this
      paper to point out that from present evidence in published case reports and
      reviews of the literature, the presence of these cysts in the midline of the jaws
      is a random finding. It is suggested that the title median mandibular and median
      palatine cysts should be discontinued and that cysts at these sites should be
      labelled according to their particular histopathology.

PMID- 6820009
TI  - Tooth exfoliation, osteonecrosis of the jaw and neuralgia following herpes zoster
      of the trigeminal nerve.

PMID- 6820010
TI  - Intraalveolar transplantation. (I). The use of autologous bone transplants in the
      periapical region.
AB  - Intraalveolar transplantation of teeth with unfavourable cervical root fractures
      were performed in 15 patients. The roots were surgically extruded on an average
      4.5 mm, and autologous bone transplants were placed above the apical part to
      support the root. Temporary endodontic therapy was carried out before the
      transplantation in 10 patients and 3 weeks after transplantation in 2 patients. 3
      of the teeth had old root fillings. Postoperative controls were made weekly
      during the first month, after 3 months, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. The roots had
      become stable in most cases after 3 weeks. The mobility grade was dependent on
      the extent of extrusion. Radiographic controls showed formation of a normal
      periodontal space around the roots after 3 months, but also minor root resorption
      in the most apical part in 10 of the cases. The resorption was, however, not
      progressive in nature and was limited to the apical part. Remodelling of the
      marginal bone contour around the transplanted roots was evident in 11 patients.
      Periapical destructions were found in 3 patients at the 2-year control. Crown
      therapy was carried out with due attention to the special prosthetic problems
      associated with preparation of small remaining root fragments with unfavourable
      crown/root ratio.

PMID- 6820011
TI  - Desquamative mucosal reactions due to chlorhexidine gluconate. Report of 3 cases.

PMID- 6820012
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression and thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests and
      response to treatment in unipolar depression.
AB  - We examined retrospectively the response to tricyclic antidepressants and/or
      electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in twenty-seven inpatients with major depressive
      disorder, primary unipolar subtype who had a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      test and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) prior to treatment. Thirteen failed
      to suppress on the DST and had a blunted thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
      response to TRH; nine had one test abnormality; and five had neither abnormality.
      Physicians selected ECT for patients with abnormalities on both tests
      significantly more frequently than for patients with one or neither test
      abnormalities. Fourteen of nineteen tricyclic trials and nine of ten courses of
      ECT resulted in unequivocally positive clinical response. There were no
      statistically significant relationships between tricyclic response and either
      test abnormality.

PMID- 6820013
TI  - Study of the IgG oligoclonal bands in cerebral spinal fluid in multiple sclerosis
      by electroimmunofixation.
AB  - 22 MS CSFs and 20 control CSFs were studied using an electroimmunofixation (EIF)
      technique on Cellulose Acetate strips. The oligoclonal gammaglobulin bands on MS
      CSFs were composed almost exclusively of complete IgG molecules. In a few MS CSFs
      bands composed of free heavy chains and of free light chains were observed. The
      bands were very often (93 percent) found to be homogeneous as far as the light
      chain type was concerned. In such homogeneous bands the light chain type most
      frequently observed was Kappa (59 percent). In 5 MS cases only Kappa type bands
      were detected, while a CSF with Lambda type bands only was never observed. On
      control CSFs, clear cut IgG oligoclonal bands were observed only in a case of
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).

PMID- 6820015
TI  - Occurrence of nonfermentative gram-negative rods other than Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in the respiratory tract of children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - There have been no comprehensive microbiologic studies of the frequency of
      respiratory colonization with nonfermentative gram-negative rods (NFGNR) other
      than Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Records of
      bacteria isolated from throats and sputa of CF patients of the Yale-New Haven
      Hospital CF Clinic from 1975-1979 were reviewed in order to determine the
      incidence of these species. Thirty-one strains were recovered. Twenty patients
      from the CF Clinic (with an average census of 170 patients) yielded at least one
      isolate of non-P. aeruginosa NFGNR, and eight of them showed more than one
      species on at least one occasion. Two patients also carried P. aeruginosa and ten
      carried Staphylococcus aureus on at least one occasion. Using a standardized
      method of clinical scoring, our patients had a course not unlike our general CF
      population.

PMID- 6820016
TI  - Radiation therapy in the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - The administration of radiation to prevent heterotopic bone formation after total
      hip arthroplasty has been highly successful in this prospective study. It was
      extremely effective in high-risk patients, including those with preexisting
      heterotopic ossification. No early deleterious effects were noted. Long-term
      follow-up is planned to observe for late tumor induction. No wound complications
      were encountered. Trochanteric nonunions did occur and may be in part related to
      the radiation. This study demonstrated the importance of the early initiation of
      treatment. Ninety-eight percent of high-risk patients who began treatment on the
      second to fourth day postoperatively were free of heterotopic bone after surgery.
      Meticulous technique is always employed to eliminate debris in the surgical
      wound, and soft tissues are handled carefully. The search continues for a more
      complete explanation of the pathogenesis of heterotopic bone formation. A current
      study has been constructed to demonstrate the minimum dose of radiation that will
      continue to be effective. Further evaluation of methods to more accurately
      identify the high-risk patient continues. The effectiveness of radiation therapy
      in the prevention of heterotopic bone following total hip replacement has been
      shown.

PMID- 6820014
TI  - Pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex in ataxic patients: enzyme deficiency in ataxic
      encephalopathy plus lactic acidosis and normal activity in Friedreich ataxia.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity was measured in cultured
      fibroblasts from 12 patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA), and in 1 patient with
      lactic acidosis and ataxia. The activities obtained after extraction of PDHC by
      different methods were compared. Triton-X-100 extraction yielded enzyme
      activities 5 to 10 times greater than those obtained with the older methods. With
      this sensitive technique, PDHC activity was markedly deficient in fibroblasts
      from the patient with lactic acidosis and ataxia but it was normal in the
      fibroblasts from FA patients. Mg++ activation of the PDHC in FA fibroblasts was
      normal.

PMID- 6820018
TI  - Mechanisms of acquired penicillin-resistance in Streptomyces cacaoi. Role of
      penicillin-binding proteins in penicillin resistant mutants.
AB  - Several mutants isolated after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis
      of Streptomyces cacaoi strain KCCS-0352, were resistant to benzylpenicillin
      ranging in concentration from 1,000 to 5,000 micrograms/ml (4- to 20-fold more
      resistant than the parent). These mutants also acquired resistance to mecillinam,
      cephamycin C and methicillin. The affinity for beta-lactams of penicillin-binding
      proteins (including PBP-2--a possible lethal target of beta-lactams in
      Streptomyces cacaoi) in the mutants decreased. Addition of Triton X-100 or
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but not toluene, reduced the minimum inhibitory
      concentration of beta-lactams. In vitro accessibility of [14C]benzylpenicillin to
      whole cells and membrane fractions was lower in the mutants than in the parent.
      The binding of beta-lactams to penicillin-binding proteins in both the parent and
      mutants was increased by pretreatment with Triton X-100 or
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The results of this study of penicillin-binding
      suggest that penicillin-binding proteins play a major role in "acquired"
      resistance as well as "intrinsic" resistance.

PMID- 6820019
TI  - Biological effects of residual glutaraldehyde in glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen
      biomaterials.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde is commonly used to control physical and biological properties of
      collagen structure by means of intramolecular and/or intermolecular crosslinking
      of collagen molecules. Solubility, antigenicity, and biodegradation of naturally
      occurring or reconstituted collagenous matrices are effectively reduced by
      glutaraldehyde treatment. Adverse biological reactions to glutaraldehyde have
      been limited to infrequent contact dermatitis and to biocidal effects which are
      exploited in chemical sterilization media. In the present study of glutaraldehyde
      tanned collagen sponge, the presence of glutaraldehyde was correlated with
      cytotoxic effects upon fibroblasts in tissue culture and foreign body giant cell
      reaction to bioimplants of the sponge. Fibroblast growth in tissue culture is 99%
      inhibited at media concentrations of 3.0 ppm glutaraldehyde. Extracts of
      glutaraldehyde collagen sponge in aqueous media at pH 7 and 4.5 yielded 6
      micrograms and 65 micrograms glutaraldehyde per gram of collagen sponge,
      respectively. The yield increased tenfold at pH 4.5. Observations indicate that
      leaching of the glutaraldehyde from glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen sponge is
      sufficient to produce potentially adverse cellular effects both in vivo and in
      vitro.

PMID- 6820017
TI  - Reaction to Mace.

PMID- 6820021
TI  - Subpellicular microtubules of Euplotes eurystomus: their geometry relative to
      cell form, surface contours and ciliary organelles.
AB  - There is a layer of microtubules (MT) beneath the innermost pellicular membrane
      of the ciliated protozoan Euplotes eurystomus. These MT have been revealed for
      scanning electron microscopic study by chemical dissection techniques. In much of
      the body of this ciliate, these MT are oriented parallel to its long axis. Those
      directed towards cirri, which are complex ciliary structures of the ventral
      surface, either abut or bend around the cirral base. MT adjacent to or closely
      associated with the ciliary feeding structures (membranelles of the adoral zone
      of membranelles or AZM) are oriented parallel to the long axis of the AZM. Some
      of the MT within the oral cavity have quite complex paths. The various
      orientations of these subpellicular MT are discussed and evaluated for
      hypothetical functions of cytoskeletal support, cell shaping and organelle
      movement. Each of these roles is considered to be theoretically possible.

PMID- 6820020
TI  - Fibronexus formation is an early event during fibronectin-induced restoration of
      more normal morphology and substrate adhesion patterns in transformed hamster
      fibroblasts.
AB  - In order to determine whether fibronexus morphogenesis is involved in the
      establishment of more normal cellular morphology and substrate adhesion patterns
      in Nil/HSV transformed fibroblasts induced by treatment with exogenous
      fibronectin (FN), this system was studied with electron microscopy (EM),
      immunocytochemistry, and interference reflection microscopy (IRM). EM analysis
      showed that cells grown in medium with 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) had well
      formed fibronexuses and enlarged actin-microfilament bundles at their dorsal
      surface by 1 h after FN addition. Expansion of the substrate-binding focal
      adhesions visualized with IRM, and increased cellular flattening, did not take
      place until at least 2 h later. These observations suggest that fibronexus
      induction and the initiation of actin-microfilament bundle enlargement occur as a
      direct result of FN attachment to the cell surface, with overt increases in
      substrate adhesion taking place subsequently. FN was not localized in focal
      contacts under these conditions. However, if fibronexus-reconstitution
      experiments were performed with Nil/HSV cultures maintained in medium with 0.3%
      FBS, then fibronectin fibres and fibronexuses were strikingly localized at focal
      contacts on the ventral cell surface. Fibronectin is evidently capable of
      exerting either a direct or an indirect influence on substrate adhesion, which is
      probably regulated by serum factors.

PMID- 6820022
TI  - Unrelated surface control of commitment to growth and attachment in isolated
      adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The relation between surface glycoconjugate molecules involved in the control of
      commitment to growth and attachment was investigated in adult Wistar rat
      hepatocytes in primary culture. On the one hand, the approach has been to analyse
      the binding of 3H-labelled concanavalin A ([3H]Con A) to cell surfaces when these
      two cellular phemona were in turn modulated. The replacement of calf serum (CS)
      by foetal calf serum (FCS) in culture medium greatly enhanced cell attachment,
      its effect being about the same as that of FCS adsorbed to glass culture plates,
      but this change did not significantly affect the growth-stimulatory process. In
      contrast 2 or 3 microM-cytochalasin D (CD), which is known to act specifically on
      the inner face of the cell membrane, reversibly decreased the [3H]thymidine
      (dThd) incorporation in both CS-containing and FCS-containing media, but had only
      a very moderate effect on cell attachment. The reversible effect of the drug,
      too, was followed by [3H]leucine incorporation, as well as by measuring the
      [3H]dThd incorporation in media with CD plus insulin and glucagon. Hepatocytes
      were assayed for binding either in buffered solution (at 4 or 37 degrees C) or in
      serum-containing media (at 37 degrees C). The Hill coefficients were calculated
      to be near 2.2 and 1.9, respectively for CS-stimulated and FCS-stimulated cells,
      and around 1.6 for CD-treated and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. We interpret these
      results as showing that two different types of surface components might be
      involved in the control of commitment to growth and attachment. On the other
      hand, evidence was presented to indicate that these components really bind Con A.
      First, Con A treatment in buffered solution of cells previously attached in the
      presence of CS or FCS resulted in a progressive inhibition of EGTA-mediated cell
      detachment from substrata. Secondly, Con A reversibly decreased [3H]dThd
      incorporation in both CS-containing and FCS-containing media through a specific
      interaction with the cell surface. We conclude that entrance into S phase and
      attachment to serum protein substrata are unrelated phenomena in isolated adult
      rat hepatocytes and seem to be regulated by two species of surface
      glycoconjugates.

PMID- 6820023
TI  - [Clinical study on reductions of intracranial pressure by therapeutic agents. I.
      The effects of mannitol through various methods of administration and the rebound
      phenomenon caused by the agent].

PMID- 6820024
TI  - Reliability of level of care decisions in a long-term care program.

PMID- 6820025
TI  - The nature of antigens common to both the metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps and
      its laboratory host.
AB  - Metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps were cultured in laboratory rats and mice,
      washed in glycine/hydrochloric acid (Gly/Hcl) buffer pH 2.4 and phosphate
      buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 and a soluble extract of the metacestodes (SEM) was
      prepared from larvae washed in both buffers. The SEM and the original washings
      were examined for host IgG and a common host antigen (CHA). CHA was present in
      both the SEM and washings but IgG only in the washings and, in metacestodes from
      mice only in the Gly/HCl washings). Metacestodes washed in Gly/HCl were not
      viable. Metacestodes were also maintained in vitro in a peptide nutrient agar and
      0.9% saline at 37 degrees C and a SEM was prepared from these; metacestodes from
      mice had neither host IgG nor CHA but those from rats had CHA but not IgG. SEM
      prepared from 'normal' metacestodes showed that the CHA consisted of at least two
      entities, only one having a common identity with the IgG. These results suggest
      that molecules of both host IgG and a common host antigen are present on the
      tegument of these parasites.

PMID- 6820026
TI  - A method for measuring the cleaning effect of flushing disinfectors.
AB  - A method is presented with which the mechanical cleaning effect of flushing
      disinfectors can be estimated independently of the thermal disinfecting effect of
      the hot flushing water. This makes it possible to specify the demands to be
      placed on the disinfecting effect of flushing with water of 85 degrees C or more.
      Bacillus stearothermophilus spores suspended in faeces were used as indicators
      because of their non-sensitivity to the hot-water temperature. Their elimination
      by flushing could thus be attributed to the mechanical effect of the water and
      not to the disinfecting effect of the temperature. A simple bacteriological
      technique was used, and the elimination factor (EF) was calculated as the ratio
      of the number of micro-organisms in the contamination before and after flushing.
      By using flushing water below 50 degrees C for 130 s the EF on a bedpan was about
      10(4)-10(6). The effect of flushing with water of the same temperature for only
      half that time was somewhat weaker and when the temperature was raised to 85
      degrees C after half the flushing time the effect was somewhat stronger. It can
      be presumed that the conventional disinfecting phase with hot (85 degrees C)
      water for about 45 s in the commonly used flushing units could be substantially
      shortened and the costs of their use thereby reduced.

PMID- 6820027
TI  - Properties of a cell-wall-defective variant of Brucella abortus of bovine origin.
AB  - The properties of an atypical Brucella strain isolated from lymph node tissue of
      a cow slaughtered as a brucellosis reactor were examined. The organism was Gram
      negative and highly pleomorphic, existing as cocci, coccobacilli, rods, branched
      and irregular forms which stained with fluorescent antibody conjugates prepared
      against rough and smooth Brucella abortus strains. It produced lecithinase and
      required at least 15% v/v equine or bovine serum for growth. It did not need
      supplementary CO2 for growth, produced H2S and was inhibited by brucella dyes and
      partially by i-erythritol. Growth inhibition or lysis was produced by brucella
      phages. The organism was not pathogenic for guinea-pigs or mice but evoked
      antibodies mainly to rough Brucella antigens.

PMID- 6820028
TI  - Single tube confirmatory tests for Escherichia coli.
AB  - In a multi-laboratory trial, lauryl tryptose mannitol broth (LTMB) and minerals
      modified glutamate medium with added tryptophan (MMGM + T) were compared as
      single tube tests for the confirmation of Escherichia coli in water; the
      confirmed results were also compared with the production of gas from minerals
      modified glutamate medium without added tryptophan (MMGM). LTMB and MMGM + T gave
      similar gas and indole results with about 90% of the water samples in most of the
      laboratories. When compared with the 'correct' results as judged by acid and gas
      production from lactose peptone water and indole from tryptone water, the
      difference in the rate of false positive reactions between LTMB and MMGM + T was
      insignificant; but LTMB gave a significantly lower rate of false negative
      reactions than MMGM + T. Gas production from MMGM without added tryptophan gave
      significantly higher rates of both false positive and false negative reactions.
      Lauryl sulphate is therefore a suitable inhibitory surfactant for use in single
      tube media for the confirmation of E. coli, which can be recommended.

PMID- 6820029
TI  - The use of Tween 20 as a blocking agent in the immunological detection of
      proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes.
AB  - The determination of the immunoreactivity of protein antigens in complex mixtures
      has been greatly facilitated by combining their separation via sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with electrophoretic
      transfer to nitrocellulose membrane (NCM), and probing of bound proteins with
      specific antisera. Methods using various buffers and blocking agents have been
      published, but no studies have been published which compare these methods with
      each other or with others of potential merit. We have performed such a
      comparative study using protein antigens from Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae. In addition, we describe a method that blocks unoccupied protein
      binding sites on NCM with the nonionic detergent Tween 20, rather than proteins.
      This system proved to be equivalent or superior to other methods evaluated in the
      detection of immunoreactive proteins, and permitted staining of the NCM for
      protein after immunological probing. Such staining allowed precise identification
      of immunoreactive proteins. In addition, individual stained proteins could be
      excised and assessed for bound antibody in an indirect radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6820030
TI  - [Studies on sporadic Campylobacter enteritis].

PMID- 6820031
TI  - [Sporadic cases of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection].

PMID- 6820032
TI  - [Epidemiological study of a food-borne epidemic of pharyngitis due to group A, T
      type 12 Streptococcus].

PMID- 6820033
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Clinoril tablets in acute upper respiratory tract
      infections].

PMID- 6820035
TI  - [The change in intestinal flora by administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 6820034
TI  - [Effect of i.v. immunoglobulins on experimental infections--especially in
      combination with antibiotics].

PMID- 6820036
TI  - [The change in intestinal flora by administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 6820037
TI  - [A case of Clostridium difficile septicemia].

PMID- 6820039
TI  - [Infection and host responses. (6) Evaluation of Pseudomonas vaccine therapy in
      refractory infection of the respiratory and transit areas].

PMID- 6820038
TI  - [A case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated with intraventricular
      infusion of miconazole].

PMID- 6820040
TI  - Effects of leucine/isoleucine ratio in amino acid mixture-diets simulating normal
      and high-lysine maize proteins on growth, nitrogen balance, and tryptophan-niacin
      metabolism in rats.
AB  - To re-evaluate nutritive values of opaque-2 (o2) and brittle-2 opaque-2 (bt2o2)
      maize protein and to re-estimate Gopalan's hypothesis [Lancet, i, 954-957 (1960)]
      that pathogenesis of pellagra might be related with intake of excess leucine and
      with chronic consumption of maize or jowar which contains relative high leucine,
      rats were fed on synthetic diets composed of amino acid mixtures simulating the
      protein of normal and high-lysine maize, o2 and bt2o2 maize. In order to
      investigate the effect of intake of excess leucine, leucine was supplemented to
      o2 and bt2o2 diet at the level of 0.43 and 0.73%, respectively, to adjust the
      ratio of leucine to isoleucine to that of normal maize protein. Judging from body
      weight gains and carcass nitrogen of weanling rats fed on these diets, the
      protein quality (amino acid composition) of bt2o2 maize was 30% superior
      nutritionally to that of o2 maize, and body composition of bt2o2 diet group were
      similar to that of casein diet group. Leucine supplementation did not affect
      these values except for a significant decrease in plasma valine levels. In young
      adult rats fed on leucine supplemented o2 diet, excretion of urinary nitrogen
      increased significantly compared with o2 diet alone, suggesting that a slight
      amino acid imbalance took place. But leucine supplementation altered neither N1
      methylnicotinamide level in urine nor total niacin levels in the liver and the
      brain. These results suggest that supplementation of leucine to a high lysine
      maize diet did not affect tryptophan and niacin metabolism in rats under these
      conditions.

PMID- 6820041
TI  - Change in kinetic properties and metabolic clearance of UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      for p-phenyl benzoic acid in developing fetus of rat.
AB  - The hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) for p-phenyl benzoic
      acid (PPBA) in the developing fetus of rat was investigated. The kinetic
      properties of UDPGT in microsome of fetus changed during developmental period.
      The value of the Vmax for PPBA and uridine 5'-phosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) per
      mg protein increased with the day of gestation, remarkably between the 19th and
      21st day of gestation. The developmental profile of the Vmax per g liver was
      similar to the Vmax per mg protein. Whereas the Vmax in whole liver showed rapid
      increase during development comparing with the Vmax per g liver. The Km for PPBA
      and UDPGA showed slower increase with the day of gestation than the corresponding
      Vmax.

PMID- 6820044
TI  - [High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of water-soluble vitamins
      in intravenous fluids. I. Ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavin adenine dinucleotide
      (FAD)].

PMID- 6820042
TI  - Enhancement of sulfanilamide N4-hydroxylase activity in kidney and liver
      microsomes of rats by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene type-polychlorinated
      biphenyl.
AB  - N4-Hydroxylation of sulfanilamide was studied with kidney and liver microsomes of
      rats by means of high performance liquid chromatography. In kidney microsomes,
      both contents of cytochrome P-450 (448) and activity of N4-hydroxylase were
      markedly increased by pretreatment with 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB)
      (about 4 times), although neither one was increased by 3-methylcholanthrene (3
      MC) and phenobarbital (PB) pretreatments. In liver microsomes, on the other hand,
      both N4-hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 (448) contents were increased
      by either PenCB or 3-MC pretreatment, whereas by PB pretreatment, N4-hydroxylase
      activity was not changed although cytochrome P-450 contents was increased 2-fold.

PMID- 6820043
TI  - Increased uptake of 5-fluorouracil by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with some
      additives and metabolite analysis.
AB  - We studied the uptake of radioactive 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by the intact cells of
      Ehrlich ascites tumor in the presence of various coreactants with FUra such as
      uridine (Urd), deoxyuridine (dUrd), ribose 1-phosphate (Rib1P), and deoxyribose 1
      phosphate (dRib1P). Radioactivity uptake by the cells was increased when FUra-6
      14C was incubated with Rib1P or dRib1P, while the uptake was not stimulated with
      Urd or dUrd. The increased formation of antineoplastic ribo- and deoxyribo
      nucleotides of FUra in the acid-soluble fraction was also observed in the same
      incubation with Rib1P or dRib1P. Also, some detergents,
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and
      polyamines were examined. EDTA stimulated the uptake of radioactivity from the
      FUra by the cells. However, the other compounds exhibited no effect on the uptake
      of FUra alone or FUra plus dRib1P, except of ATP showing somewhat increase of
      radioactivity uptake. The above results suggest that the coadministration of FUra
      together with Rib1P or/and dRib1P, which are stimulants for the formation of FUra
      deoxynucleotides from FUra, may be able to potentiate the chemotherapeutic effect
      of FUra.

PMID- 6820045
TI  - [Identification of volatile metabolites produced by blue-green algae,
      Oscillatoria splendida, O. amoena, O. geminata and Aphanizomenon sp].

PMID- 6820046
TI  - [Structural characteristics of lens and its drug-response. I. Effects of
      cataractogenic agents on monovalent cation levels in lens].

PMID- 6820047
TI  - [Isotachophoretic analysis of drugs. II. Determination of sodium valproate in
      pharmaceutical preparations].

PMID- 6820048
TI  - [Cardiac uracil nucleotides and glycogen: effect of uridine and ribose
      administration in the rat].

PMID- 6820049
TI  - A critique of the evidence on the importance of steroid feedback to seasonal
      changes in gonadotrophin secretion.

PMID- 6820050
TI  - Endocrine patterns associated with puberty in male and female cattle.
AB  - In four studies secretion patterns of LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone and
      progesterone were measured in male and female cattle to determine endocrine
      changes associated with sexual maturation. Two periods of increasing
      gonadotrophin secretion were observed, the second one coinciding with puberty. A
      short luteal phase of 8-12 days precedes the first oestrus at 10-11 or 14 months
      of age. The testosterone values of the bulls increased with age from 5-6 months.
      Prolactin levels in the bulls increased at the time of the first testosterone
      rise. A frequency of about 1-2 LH and FSH pulses/8 h occurred at 1, 2, 5 and 10
      months of age. The pituitary response to GnRH (1 microgram/kg i.v.) was tested in
      2 male and 2 female calves at monthly intervals. LH and FSH were released at all
      ages but a reduced FSH response occurred in both sexes after the 5th month. A
      small testosterone release was observed as early as 1 month after birth in males
      similar to those observed after endogenous LH pulses. We conclude that the
      initiation of puberty in both sexes is controlled by the same neuroendocrine
      mechanisms. The pituitary gland, ovaries and testes are already able to respond
      to specific stimuli long before puberty, and they may also be involved indirectly
      due to changes in the feedback system modulating gonadotrophin secretion.

PMID- 6820051
TI  - Folliculogenesis in the sheep as influenced by breed, season and oestrous cycle.
AB  - In the sheep the total duration of folliculogenesis, i.e. from the start of
      development of a primordial follicle to ovulation, is thought to be about 6
      months. The initiation of follicular growth as follicles enter the growth phase
      is influenced by gonadotrophins and, in the sheep, by factors such as breed,
      season and nutrition. Preantral follicles are characterized by a slow growth rate
      and no atresia. The number of preantral follicles is influenced by
      gonadotrophins, age, nutrition, season and unilateral ovariectomy. Antral
      follicles grow rapidly and produce steroids in response to gonadotrophins. The
      number of antral follicles varies according to factors such as breed of sheep,
      season, cycle, unilateral ovariectomy and gonadotrophins. Ovulation rate can be
      influenced in the short term by factors such as PMSG stimulation, short-term
      nutrition and unilateral ovariectomy that probably act by changing the number of
      follicles undergoing atresia. Factors such as breed, age and season probably act
      by changing the number of follicles entering the growth phase.

PMID- 6820052
TI  - Endocrine patterns of the post-partum cow.
AB  - Milked dairy cows generally have a shorter post-partum interval to ovarian
      cyclicity than suckling dairy or beef cows. In milked and suckling cows, there is
      a strong seasonal influence with spring-calving cows remaining anoestrous longer.
      Increasing the suckling intensity further delays the onset of ovarian cyclicity,
      probably by increasing the frequency or strength of its inhibitory influence on
      hypothalamic activity. Plasma FSH levels rise in most cows 5-10 days after
      calving and thereafter the random changes observed have little relationship to
      the onset of cycles. Recovery of FSH release therefore occurs earlier post partum
      than recovery of LH release. Hyperprolactinaemia is not a cause of reproductive
      failure in milked or suckling cows because there is no correlation between plasma
      prolactin levels and the onset of ovarian cycles. Plasma LH concentrations
      undergo significant changes directly related to the initiation of ovarian cycles,
      with low plasma levels immediately post partum, followed by an increase in basal
      secretion and the development of clear LH episodes. This pulsatile pattern
      appears earlier in dairy than in beef cows and is further delayed by suckling
      compared to milking. Before the first ovulation there is an increased frequency
      and peak height of LH episodes leading to a rise in plasma LH levels and
      eventually to a preovulatory-type LH surge which results in the first ovulation.
      These changes in the pattern of LH release appear definitive in the initiation of
      ovarian activity in post-partum cows.

PMID- 6820053
TI  - Control of seasonal reproduction in sheep and goats by light and hormones.
AB  - Seasonal variations of reproductive ability have been demonstrated in male and
      female sheep and goats. For the female, there is a distinct breeding season.
      Whilst there are large breed differences in the duration of the sexual season,
      oestrous cycles generally start when daylength is decreasing and end when
      daylength is increasing. In some breeds, ovulation without oestrus occurs during
      the non-breeding season. Although males are able to mate all the year round,
      seasonal variations occur in the weight of the testis and seminal vesicles and in
      the fructose concentration of the seminal vesicles. Sexual behaviour and semen
      characteristics also show seasonal variations. These seasonal variations in males
      and females are related to hormonal levels. FSH and LH concentrations in the
      pituitary are reduced to 50% during the non-breeding season. In the peripheral
      blood, LH concentrations vary throughout the year whilst prolactin concentrations
      follow the pattern of daylength. Steroid hormones and their feedback actions at
      the hypothalamo-pituitary axis play a role in the regulation of seasonal
      reproduction. Three different ways are proposed to overcome these seasonal
      variations. (1) Males can be introduced into a flock of females before the onset
      of the breeding season. This leads to induction of ovulation and oestrus,
      although the first ovulation is frequently followed by a short luteal phase.
      Teasing does not necessitate contact or sight and is only effective after a
      period of isolation of the females from the males. (2) Oestrus and ovulation may
      be induced during the anoestrous period by hormonal treatments. Inducers of LH
      release have to be associated with a progestagen treatment; PMSG is still the
      most efficient inducer of LH release. Artificial insemination is useful in this
      context to avoid subfertility due to seasonal variations of the male. (3) The
      period of reproduction may be controlled by artificial light regimens. There is a
      photoinducible period in the circadian cycle of the ewe and it may soon be
      practical to breed out of season by timed exposure of ewes to short periods of
      light during the normal hours of darkness.

PMID- 6820054
TI  - Endocrine control of spermatogenesis in the ram.
AB  - In the ram, the size of the testes is related to the concentrations of FSH, LH
      and testosterone in the blood. A significant linear relationship is observed
      between testicular size and the level of FSH until a maximum after which no
      further increase in testis size is observed. Testicular size is also linearly
      related to the mean level (25 consecutive hours of sampling) of LH and
      testosterone in the blood, with apparently no upper limit, and to the frequency
      of peaks of these hormones in the sampling period. Spermatogenesis in the ram is
      sensitive to variations in the levels of circulating hormones; there is a
      positive correlation between the number of renewing spermatogonia or the
      efficiency of spermatogonial multiplication and the mean LH value in the
      peripheral blood of the adult. Some of these relationships operate over long
      periods and involve the Sertoli cells. The level of circulating LH in the non
      pubertal lamb is directly correlated with number of Sertoli cells per testis, and
      the latter is correlated with the number of renewing spermatogonia per testis in
      the adult ram. Treatment of hypophysectomized rams with PMSG, hCG or testosterone
      shows that spermatogonial divisions are sensitive to the hormonal milieu with
      specific stages being controlled by the LH-like activity of hCG (A1
      spermatogonia), and the FSH-like activity of PMSG (transition from intermediate
      spermatogonia to leptotene spermatocytes). Testosterone has only a small effect
      at the beginning of the spermatogenic cycle (production of leptotene
      spermatocytes) and quantitatively maintains meiosis and spermiogenesis, but the
      differentiation of spermatids is dependent on information stored at the beginning
      of meiosis and requires the support of both testosterone and other factors.

PMID- 6820055
TI  - The effect of intrauterine gonadectomy on fetal and neonatal gonadotrophin
      secretion in the lamb.
AB  - In Exp. 1, sheep fetuses (2 male and 3 female) were gonadectomized between Days
      70 and 120 of gestation and their blood LH and FSH levels were compared to those
      of control animals (4 male, 6 female) at regular times during the first year
      after birth. In Exp. 2, fetuses (3 male and 5 female) were gonadectomized between
      Days 50 and 60 of gestation and gonadotrophin levels at Day 90 of gestation were
      compared to those of control fetuses of the same age. In neither study did the
      blood LH and FSH levels differ significantly between gonadectomized and intact
      lambs of either sex in utero or in the first week of life. However, by 2 weeks of
      age in the males and by 5 weeks of age in the females, gonadotrophin levels were
      higher in the gonadectomized than in the intact animals and this difference
      persisted throughout the first year of life. These results imply that fetal and
      neonatal gonadotrophin levels are suppressed by maternal and placental steroids
      in the sheep, and not by fetal gonadal hormones.

PMID- 6820056
TI  - Endocrine mechanisms governing transition into adulthood in female sheep.
AB  - It is proposed that the first follicular phase in the lamb is initiated when
      responsiveness to oestradiol inhibition of LH secretion decreases sufficiently to
      permit the expression of an inherent hourly LH pulse rhythm. The hourly LH pulse
      rhythm is believed to drive oestradiol production to levels that induce the first
      LH surge. This hypothesis is based upon several considerations. First, pulsatile
      LH secretion invariably occurs at low frequencies in immature lambs whereas
      hourly pulses are manifest in postpubertal lambs and mature ewes during the
      follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. Second, intravenous administration of LH
      at hourly intervals to immature lambs results in an increase in follicular size,
      induction of an LH surge, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Third, hourly LH
      pulses will occur in the immature female if the ovaries are removed; the hourly
      frequency in the immature ovariectomized lamb can be reduced by exogenous
      oestradiol. Fourth, in the chronically oestradiol-treated ovariectomized lamb,
      responsiveness to oestradiol inhibition of LH secretion becomes markedly
      decreased during the pubertal period, and the hourly LH pulse rhythm is
      expressed. It is further proposed that a minimum body weight and short daylengths
      are necessary for the reduction in oestradiol negative feedback. With regard to
      photoperiod, the delay in onset of cyclicity in lambs born in the wrong season
      (autumn) may be due to retarded maturation or post-maturational seasonal
      anoestrus.

PMID- 6820057
TI  - Basic neuroendocrine events before puberty in cattle, sheep and pigs.
AB  - Neuroendocrine events before puberty are compared in male and female cattle,
      sheep and pigs. The patterns of secretion of gonadotrophin, the age-related LH
      responses to castration or LH-RH administration and the effects of prolonged
      steroid treatment give information about the maturity of the hypothalamic
      pituitary axis. It appears that in all three species the mechanisms involved in
      the expression of puberty are progressive rather than abrupt events. Some
      original contributions reported here, such as age-related changes in plasma
      levels and pulses of LH in the gilt, and the variations in pituitary cytosol
      receptors to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol-17 beta in the male lamb
      support this contention. Finally, this brief review of the neuroendocrine events
      known to occur before puberty in three domestic mammals underlines numerous
      missing links in our understanding of the prepubertal processes.

PMID- 6820058
TI  - Effect of increased photoperiod on hormone concentrations in thoroughbred
      stallions.
AB  - Stallions on two Central Kentucky farms (9/farm) were studied during the 1980
      breeding season. On one farm stallions were exposed to an increased photoperiod
      (16 h light/day) from 1 December 1979; on the second farm the stallions were
      maintained in an ambient photoperiod. On the basis of matings per conception
      (total mating/mares in foal) stallions on each farm were assigned to a high
      fertility (1 . 9-2 . 4 matings per conception, N = 4) or low fertility (2 . 6-5 .
      6 matings per conception, N = 5) group. Exposure of stallions to increased
      photoperiod significantly increased serum concentrations of
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone and oestrone by the
      start of the breeding season (16 February) while concentrations of oestradiol-17
      beta and total oestrogens were similar in the two groups. LH was the only hormone
      significantly affected by the fertility of stallions, with LH concentrations
      consistently higher in the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions compared to
      the low basal concentration observed in the other 3 groups during the early
      breeding season (16 Feb.-31 March). FSH concentrations were not significantly
      affected by photoperiod or fertility, but appeared to be consistently higher in
      the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions than in the 'increased light-low
      fertility' stallions. The 'increased light-high fertility' stallions were mated
      to more mares than were stallions in the other 3 groups and differences in LH and
      FSH concentrations may therefore have been confounded with frequency of mating.
      Seasonal conception rates were unaffected by increased photoperiod.

PMID- 6820059
TI  - Effects of injected ovarian steroids on reproductive patterns and performance in
      post-partum mares.
AB  - Treatment of foaling mares with 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg oestradiol daily
      beginning within 12 h of parturition resulted in a delay of ovulation (15.6 +/-
      2.6 days compared with 10.3 +/- 2.4 days in untreated mares). When mares were
      mated after this 5.3-day delay there was no advantage in reproductive performance
      over that of mares mated according to a conventional management system.
      Gonadotrophin secretion was inhibited during treatment but the following
      secretory patterns were similar to those of normal oestrous periods.

PMID- 6820060
TI  - Effects of exogenous steroids on serum FSH and LH, and on follicular development
      in cyclic mares.
AB  - Cyclic mares were given daily i.m. injections of 150 mg progesterone (Group P, N
      = 4), 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg oestradiol-17 beta (Group PE, N = 3), 10 mg
      oestradiol-17 beta (Group E, N = 3) or cottonseed oil vehicle (Group C, N = 4),
      from the day after ovulation (Day 1) to Day 28. Blood samples were collected
      daily, and the ovaries were palpated every 1-2 days. Serum FSH and LH
      concentrations were measured in all samples, and means determined for 7
      consecutive 4-day periods throughout treatment. Comparisons within each steroid
      treatment group between time periods and comparisons between hormone treatment
      groups within each time period were made to investigate the way in which these
      ovarian steroids control cyclic gonadotrophin changes in the mare. The increase
      in LH during oestrus in Group C mares (controls) appeared to be inhibited by
      progesterone, resulting in low LH concentrations and failure of preovulatory
      sized follicles to ovulate. In Group PE LH concentrations were lower than those
      in Group P, resulting in suppression of the development of the largest follicle.
      In Group E, treatment had little effect on FSH and LH concentrations, while
      follicular development was variable (ovulations on Days 25, 33 and 36). None of
      the steroid treatments appeared to suppress FSH concentrations directly but FSH
      concentrations showed a reciprocal relationship with the LH-dependent follicular
      development.

PMID- 6820062
TI  - Seasonal and individual effects on ovarian and endocrine responses of mares to a
      synchronization treatment with progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponges.
AB  - The 8 saddle-type mares were treated with progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponges
      for 8 days and prostaglandin on the day of sponge removal. The treatment was
      given at random days of the cycle in April, May, July and September. Sponge
      insertion induced a sharp decrease in LH levels; at sponge removal, there was an
      immediate increase in LH and a large FSH rebound. Ovulation was synchronized 11
      +/- 2 . 8 days (s.d.) after the end of treatment. In April the interval from
      sponge removal to ovulation was longer (14 days compared with 10 . 1, 10 . 7 and
      10 . 2 days), the basal and peak LH levels lower, and follicular growth more
      delayed than in the 3 other months. In July, there was a prolonged oestrogen
      preovulatory rise and reduced FSH levels. Numerous individual differences were
      shown, but none was significantly linked to the interval from sponge removal to
      ovulation. Within the 3 months when response was unaffected by season, the
      interval from end of treatment to ovulation was correlated with progesterone (r =
      0 . 45 and r = 0 . 50) and FSH (r = -0 . 48 and r = -0 . 49) levels at Days 5 . 6
      and 7 . 8 after sponge insertion. This means that in treated mares that have an
      active corpus luteum at the end of treatment there will be low FSH levels at this
      time and ovulation will be late. A good prediction of the ovulation time after
      such a synchronization treatment must therefore take into account season, animal
      and time of treatment in the oestrous cycle.

PMID- 6820061
TI  - Photoperiodic stimulation of the mare during winter anoestrus.

PMID- 6820063
TI  - Effects of pituitary stalk transection on endocrine function in Pony mares.
AB  - The pituitary stalk was transected in 10 Pony mares by a surgical approach that
      involved dorsal reflection of the brain and micro-dissection from the ventro
      lateral aspect of the pituitary. Diabetes insipidus was the most immediate and
      marked result, requiring extensive electrolyte and antidiuretic therapy for
      approximately 48 h after operation. Fluid stasis then developed and no further
      supportive measures were necessary. Endocrine challenge tests with GnRH and TRH
      before and after stalk transection indicated a loss of responsiveness (GnRH) or
      suppressed responsiveness (TRH) after the operation. This technique permits
      isolation of the pituitary from its hypothalmic releasing and/or inhibiting
      hormones and therefore permits more refined study of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      axis.

PMID- 6820064
TI  - Pituitary and chorionic gonadotrophic control of ovarian function during early
      pregnancy in equids.
AB  - Concentrations of FSH, LH, chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) and progesterone were
      measured during early pregnancy in mares and donkeys carrying normal intraspecies
      and transferred extraspecies conceptuses. A secondary rise in progesterone
      concentrations occurred in normal intraspecies horse and donkey pregnancy soon
      after the appearance of CG but FSH concentrations continued to fluctuate and were
      not influenced by CG production. In donkeys carrying transferred horse
      conceptuses FSH concentrations fell sharply and progesterone concentrations rose
      steeply, coincidental with the appearance of abnormally high levels of CG. In
      horses carrying donkey conceptuses, on the other hand, there was a complete
      absence of CG production and in 7 of the 8 mares studied there was no secondary
      progesterone rise; FSH levels fluctuated as in the intraspecies pregnancies.
      Pregnancy continued to term in only 1 of 8 mares carrying a donkey conceptus
      despite attempts to maintain it in 4 animals by exogenous progestagen therapy.
      Our findings indicate that pituitary FSH, not CG, stimulates secondary follicular
      growth during normal equine pregnancy and the LH-like activity of CG induces
      ovulation of these follicles to form secondary corpora lutea.

PMID- 6820065
TI  - Effects of washing on the bacterial flora of the stallion's penis.
AB  - Six stallions were subjected to extensive cleansing of the penis and prepuce with
      water, Ivory Soap and water, or Betadine surgical scrub and water. The stallions
      were all washed for 14 days, and then allowed 14 days respite. This pattern of
      washing and resting was repeated consecutively. Swabs were taken from all 7
      stallions twice weekly and semen was collected once a week for bacteriological
      examination. All forms of cleansing altered the bacterial flora of the stallion's
      penis; the Ivory Soap tended to encourage the replacement of the normal flora
      with coliform organisms, while Betadine favoured the growth of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. This experiment showed that the systematic washing
      of a stallion's penis will cause the normal flora to be replaced with pathogens
      and potential pathogens.

PMID- 6820066
TI  - Blood gas and acid--base status in spontaneously delivered, term-induced and
      induced premature foals.
AB  - Six spontaneously delivered foals, 8 Thoroughbred foals induced at term with
      fluprostenol and 17 Pony foals induced prematurely with fluprostenol and oxytocin
      at a gestational age of 270 to 330 days were studied to determine PO2, PCO2, pH,
      base excess and HCO3 values in arterial blood between birth and 7 days of age.
      The Pony foals were subdivided into those that survived greater than 24 h (N = 9)
      and less than 9 h (N = 8). Blood gas and acid base values in the term-induced
      foals were similar to those in spontaneously delivered foals. The induced
      premature foals surviving greater than 24 h had significantly lower PaO2 values
      at 15 min, 30 min and 1 h after birth than did the term-induced foals. There were
      no significant differences in PaCO2 or pHa values between these groups at any
      measurement time. However, the premature foals had significantly lower base
      excess values than did the term-induced foals at birth and 30 min after birth.
      The induced premature foals surviving less than 9 h had significantly lower PaO2
      values than did the term-induced foals at all measurement times. At the 1.5-4 h
      measurement, the foals surviving less than 9 h had PaO2 values significantly
      lower than those of the foals surviving greater than 24 h. The PaCO2 values were
      significantly higher and the pHa values significantly lower in the foals
      surviving less than 9 h than in either of the other 2 groups.

PMID- 6820068
TI  - Neutron diffraction studies of oriented photosynthetic membranes.

PMID- 6820067
TI  - Composite structure of the chloroplast 23 S ribosomal RNA genes of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardii. Evolutionary and functional implications.

PMID- 6820069
TI  - Interaction of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase with a chromosomal promoter.

PMID- 6820070
TI  - Host range of conjugation and replication functions of the Escherichia coli sex
      plasmid Flac. Comparison with the broad host-range plasmid RK2.

PMID- 6820072
TI  - Structural features unique to the 5 S ribosomal RNAs of the thermophilic
      cyanobacterium Synechococcus lividus II and the green plant chloroplasts.

PMID- 6820071
TI  - Close contacts between sigma 37-RNA polymerase and a Bacillus subtilis
      chromosomal promoter.

PMID- 6820073
TI  - Effects of hypocaloric dextrose and amino acids on body composition and nitrogen
      balance in rats.
AB  - Studies were conducted to compare the effects of isocaloric intake of glucose,
      amino acids, and combinations of these nutrients on nitrogen balance, body
      composition, and selected metabolic parameters of adult rats. Diets were
      administered either orally or intravenously at 20% (semi-starvation) of the daily
      caloric requirement. Although nitrogen balance was improved when all calories
      were supplied as amino acids when compared to glucose alone, one-half the amino
      acids could be replaced with glucose without sacrificing nitrogen balance.
      Animals from the semi-starvation treatment showed similar weight and body
      composition changes, there was no apparent difference whether the diets were
      administered orally or intravenously. These results indicate that replacement of
      at least one-half the calories of an all amino acid hypocaloric diet with glucose
      does not adversely affect body composition weight change or nitrogen balance, but
      may reduce blood urea nitrogen, ketosis, and cost of nutritional support.

PMID- 6820074
TI  - Changes in circadian rhythmicity of liver and serum parameters in rats fed a
      total parenteral nutrition solution by continuous and discontinuous intravenous
      or intragastric infusion.
AB  - Circadian rhythms were assessed in rats (224-246 grams) receiving either an
      intragastric (IG) or intravenous (IV) infusion continuously (C), or IG or IV
      infusions discontinuously (D) from 0000 to 1400 hours daily. A control group was
      maintained on a stock diet ad libitum. IV- and IG-fed rats were infused with 50
      milliliters per day of a solution containing 25% dextrose and 4.25% amino acids
      plus vitamins and minerals. After 10 to 11 days, groups of rats were killed from
      each treatment every 6 hours over a 24-hour period. Results showed that IG
      feeding promoted better growth and nitrogen retention than IV feeding. Rhythm
      patterns for liver weight, glycogen, and protein content were similar between D
      IG and D-IV infused rats. All groups except the D-IV fed rats exhibited
      fluctuations of serum insulin. A rhythm was not present for serum glucose in C-IV
      fed rats and a rhythm was also absent for serum albumin in both C-IV and D-IV fed
      rats. C-IV feeding increased serum glucose and insulin levels and decreased serum
      albumin levels in comparison to IG feeding. In comparison to the ad libitum-fed,
      control rats, C-IV or D-IV or IG infusions led to alterations in liver and serum
      parameters.

PMID- 6820075
TI  - Hyperammonemia in neonates receiving intravenous nutrition.
AB  - Inadequate arginine intake has been suggested as an etiology for hyperammonemia
      in neonates on parenteral nutrition. We randomized 26 nonasphyxiated neonates to
      receive amino acid solutions containing either 3.6 or 10.4% of total nitrogen as
      arginine when intravenous nutrition (IVN) therapy was initiated. Neonates in both
      amino acid solution study groups were observed to have significantly elevated
      blood ammonia (BA) concentrations during IVN (p less than 0.01) as compared to
      pre-IVN levels. Blood ammonia concentrations tended to be higher in infants
      receiving the 3.6% arginine amino acid solution. Septic infants were at
      particular risk for hyperammonemia as compared to nonseptic patients (p less than
      0.025). Other clinical parameters including birth weight, gestational age, oxygen
      requirements, enteral nutritional intake, congenital anomalies, and heart disease
      did not appear to be related to BA concentration.

PMID- 6820076
TI  - Selenium and vitamin E sufficiency in premature infants requiring total
      parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A randomized prospective study of LBW infants was undertaken to evaluate the
      effect of parenteral lipid infusions upon their antioxidant systems. Ten babies
      received a parenteral nutrition regimen with lipid emulsion, and ten received a
      regimen without lipid. Although the addition of lipid emulsion to the total
      parenteral nutrition regimen led to a rise in vitamin E levels, the selenium
      levels fell in both groups. Neither group showed evidence of deficient
      antioxidant systems by the peroxide hemolysis test or thiobarbituric acid test.
      There did not seem to be any adverse effect of the lipid infusion upon the
      clinical course of the infants except for hyperlipidemia. There was a better
      weight gain in infants receiving lipid.

PMID- 6820077
TI  - Management of lymphatic fistulas by total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Lymphatic fistula is a rare surgical complication, which mainly occurs after
      cervical or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and which frequently requires a
      surgical repair. A small series of nine postoperative lymphatic fistulas treated
      conservatively with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is reported. All the
      patients were malnourished at the beginning of the TPN, and all exhibited an
      objective improvement of their nutritional status after completion of the
      treatment. Due to the interruption of the enteral alimentation or to the
      nutritional repletion, spontaneous closure of the fistula was achieved in eight
      of nine patients treated with TPN longer than 1 week. The authors conclude that
      whenever the immediate surgical repair is not recommended, or it is not
      successful, a 2- to 3-week course of TPN may be used with the chance of
      spontaneous healing. In any case, patients conservatively treated by TPN can
      undergo a delayed operation with minimal risk because of the improved nutritional
      status.

PMID- 6820078
TI  - Perforation of intrathoracic great veins by parenteral nutrition catheters.
AB  - Perforation of intrathoracic great veins by parenteral nutrition catheters has
      been previously reported as an unusual complication. The following three case
      reports illustrate the varied clinical picture that may appear following
      perforation. The differential diagnosis may be difficult to clarify so early
      recognition is essential if rapid deterioration in the patient's condition is to
      be avoided. Each patient in this report provides a useful example for diagnosing
      this complication. Included are some basic suggestions to help the clinician in
      early detection.

PMID- 6820079
TI  - Accidental intracranial hyperalimentation infusion.

PMID- 6820081
TI  - Nine year's survival with short bowel syndrome after occlusion of the superior
      mesenteric artery in an elderly man: a study of periods of parenteral nutrition.
AB  - A 70-year-old man with severe short bowel syndrome after acute occlusion of the
      superior mesenteric artery and massive intestinal gangrene was given total and
      supplementary parenteral nutrition for six periods of 14 to 28 days; he survived
      for more than 9 years and died from the effects of nutritional depletion. Studies
      of the blood chemistry and the urinary excretion of nitrogen and electrolytes
      during the six periods of intravenous nutrition showed that nutritional repletion
      of nitrogen and electrolytes was achieved without adverse effects on the liver
      function. The results suggest that intermittent total and supplementary
      parenteral nutrition may allow nutritional repletion and thereby prolong the
      survival time in the elderly patient in whom massive intestinal resection has
      been performed.

PMID- 6820080
TI  - Total parenteral nutrition with fat emulsions during pregnancy--nutritional
      requirements: a case report.
AB  - After a corrosive burn of the upper gastrointestinal tract leading to a severe
      dysphagia and to a weight loss of 15 kilograms, a 21-year-old female was treated
      by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during the last 7 weeks of pregnancy. TPN by
      complete nutritive mixtures comprised daily crystalline amino acid solutions and
      as energy sources glucose plus lipids, the latter representing 43% of the
      nonprotein calories. A term normal 2800 gram female was delivered by cesarian
      section. This case report demonstrates the absence of any side effects on
      pregnancy related to fat emulsions used in usual proportions. Among the
      nutritional parameters studied here, the variations of weight and creatinine
      height index seem to be the best indicators of the maternal nutritional status in
      these cases. Approximately 50 kilocalories and 220 milligrams of nitrogen per
      kilograms body weight daily seem to be sufficient to restore and to maintain the
      maternal nutritional conditions and fetal growth.

PMID- 6820082
TI  - [Practical aspects of parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6820083
TI  - [Red cell carbonic anhydrase (RCA) activity during anesthesia. V. The effect of
      anesthetics and complement].

PMID- 6820084
TI  - [Effect of mannitol on renal function during neurosurgery].

PMID- 6820085
TI  - [Plasma catecholamine levels during nitroglycerin-induced hypotension].

PMID- 6820086
TI  - [High dose fentanyl anesthesia with nitroglycerin for the management of
      pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 6820087
TI  - [An autopsy case of primary myelofibrosis with high value of circulating immune
      complexes, IgG(kappa) monoclonal gammopathy and extramedullary hematopoietic
      subcutaneous tumors].

PMID- 6820088
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma (IgG1
      lambda) without previous chemotherapy--report of a case].

PMID- 6820089
TI  - [A case of leukemic IgD multiple myeloma complicating with abnormal plasma cells
      and M-protein in the pleural fluid].

PMID- 6820090
TI  - [An autopsy case of gamma-heavy chain disease showing histological features
      similar to angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia].

PMID- 6820091
TI  - [Purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in childhood acute leukemia].

PMID- 6820092
TI  - [Chemical analysis of steroid hormones].

PMID- 6820093
TI  - [The measurement of apolipoprotein A-I and A-II levels of human plasma high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) method].

PMID- 6820094
TI  - Optic nerve damage in head trauma: clinical and experimental studies.
AB  - A total of 33 cases with optic nerve damage due to blunt head trauma were
      followed for 6 months to one year with the average follow-up period of 9 months.
      Eleven cases were treated by surgical decompression of the optic canal and 22
      cases were followed by medical treatment. The optic canal fracture was documented
      in 51% of the cases, and the incidence was not significantly different between
      both groups. When the visual acuity was zero at the time of the first
      examination, no visual improvement could be obtained. Omitting these cases,
      visual improvement was seen in 42.8% of patients treated by surgery and in 58.8%
      of patients with medical treatment, which consisted of a combined use of
      prednisolone, mannitol, urokinase and vitamin B12. The percentage of visual
      improvement did not differ between cases with and without optic canal fracture.
      In the Japanese monkey, the optic nerve was exposed and various insults were
      given, including traction, ligation and small optic sheath resection. After
      traction and ligation, the visually evoked response (VEP) became extinguished or
      reduced, but after release from the insult, a tendency of recovery was found in
      the VEP. The threshold to elicit the VEP by localized light stimulus was
      increased by optic nerve ligation, but after its release the threshold tended to
      decrease. The effects of the optic nerve sheath resection were slight, and the
      increase in the threshold recovered after 4 weeks. It was thought that the optic
      nerve is resistant to indirect insults. From the clinical and experimental
      studies, it was concluded that the mechanism of the optic nerve damage due to
      blunt head trauma is multiple, and that the cases should be treated by intensive
      medical treatment rather than by surgical intervention.

PMID- 6820095
TI  - Pancreas and islet transplantation.

PMID- 6820096
TI  - Experimental studies on cryopreservation combined with the cultural process of
      isolated rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Recently many investigators have attempted transplantation of isolated islets of
      Langerhans in an expectation of therapeutic effects in patients with diabetes. In
      the course of time, preservation of the islets was found to be a prerequisite for
      successful transplantation. In the present studies, we used our newly designed
      method of preserving islets, i.e., cryopreservation combined with the cultural
      process before and after freezing, and we examined the insulin-releasing activity
      of the islets and attempted transplantation of the islets so-obtained. As to the
      insulin-releasing activity, the islets cryopreserved after short-term culture
      increased insulin output as compared with those cryopreserved without culture.
      Damage to Langerhans' islets resulting from isolation and cryopreservation was
      overcome during the culture. Transplantation of Langerhans' islets cultured for 3
      4 days before and after the cryopreserving process produced favorable results.

PMID- 6820097
TI  - Correlation of postabsorptive serum iron increase and erythrocyte-59Fe
      incorporation with the whole body retention of absorbed 59Fe.
AB  - Following the oral application of 100 mg 59Fe-equivalents in different ferrous
      iron preparations the whole body retention (R) and erythrocyte incorporation (EI)
      of absorbed 59Fe as well as the postabsorptive serum increase SII after 3 h were
      estimated by intraindividual and simultaneous comparison in healthy subjects with
      normal and depleted iron stores. The regression equation R = (0.0 +/- 0.4) +
      (1.16 +/- 0.04) x EI and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.93 were
      found to describe the correlation between whole body-59Fe-retention R (mg Fe) and
      erythrocyte-59Fe-incorporation EI (mg Fe) after 2 weeks. The correlation between
      the postabsorptive serum iron increase SII (mumol/l) after 3 h and the whole body
      59Fe-retention R after 2 weeks is characterized by the regression equation R =
      (0.0 +/- 0.8) + (0.36 +/- 0.03) x SII and a correlation coefficient r = 0.88.
      Whole body counting of absorbed 59Fe represents the most sensitive, reliable and
      only quantitative method for measuring iron absorption or bioavailability in man.
      If however this method is not available postabsorptive serum increase and it's
      conversion into iron absorption using the described regression equation is a
      useful substitute for the at least semiquantitative estimation of iron
      bioavailability from oral iron preparations.

PMID- 6820098
TI  - Effects of a TRH analog (DN-1417) on hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro.

PMID- 6820099
TI  - Response of the muscles of growing pigs to dietary lysine levels.

PMID- 6820100
TI  - [Advantages of early nourishment after cesarean section].
AB  - Nothing seems to slow down the postoperative passage of the intestines so much as
      an empty stomach. For this reason the authors have for three years been giving
      special attention to early food provision following cesarean section as a
      stimulus to peristaltic movements. They analysed 150 deliveries of women with
      cesarean section to whom light parenteral diet was applied immediately after the
      operation and compared the results obtained with those from the control group of
      150 women with cesarean section treated from 1972 to 1973 when only intravenous
      infusion was administered. A significantly quicker appearance of gases was
      observed in the women on early parenteral diet than in the control group (the
      average time 34:74h) and the first stool was recorded much earlier in the first
      than in the second group (56:67h). Prostigmin was administered only
      exceptionally. Neither in the first nor in the second group did surgical
      intervention for postoperative ileus prove necessary.

PMID- 6820102
TI  - [Guidelines for total parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6820101
TI  - The complement of cytoplasmic tRNAs, including queuosine-containing tRNAs, in
      adult and senescent Wistar rat liver and their levels of aminoacylation.
AB  - Our previous studies showed that both total cytoplasmic tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases isolated from senescent (24-30 month) female Wistar rat liver were
      less capable of supporting cell-free protein synthesis than were the same
      fractions isolated from adult (10-13 month) rat liver. The present study
      investigates the molecular basis for this age-related result. No significant age
      related differences were found in the extent of aminoacylation of the liver
      cytoplasmic tRNA population, the total tRNA synthetase activity, the rate of
      aminoacylation of individual tRNAs, or in the overall complement of tRNA species
      as detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In homologous senescent
      aminoacylation assays, consisting of tRNAs and tRNA synthetases from senescent
      animals, alanine, arginine and aspartic acid were charged to a greater extent and
      methionine to a lesser extent compared to homologous adult assays. In
      heterologous assays, adult synthetases were significantly more active than
      senescent synthetases when charging isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine,
      proline and glutamic acid, and less active when charging alanine, aspartic acid
      and serine. Also, senescent synthetases charged both adult and senescent tRNAs
      with methionine to a lesser extent than did adult synthetases. In homologous
      senescent assays with queuosine-containing tRNAs, asparagine, aspartic acid and
      histidine were charged to a greater extent and tyrosine to a lesser extent
      compared to homologous adult assays. Results with queuosine-tRNAs are discussed
      in terms of their potential ability to lower the efficiency of translation in
      senescent liver.

PMID- 6820103
TI  - [Maternal milk (new findings)].

PMID- 6820104
TI  - [Pineal localization of Recklinghausen disease: apropos of a case].

PMID- 6820105
TI  - Microtubular aggregates in human chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with bridging
      hepatic necrosis and multinucleated hepatocytic giant cells.

PMID- 6820106
TI  - The inconvenience of investigations used in hepatology: patients' and
      hepatologists' opinions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the inconvenience of six
      investigations used in hepatology, as experienced by 113 inpatients and imagined
      by 80 hepatologists. For patients, the investigations, in order of increased
      inconvenience rate were: (1) venous puncture, (2) BSP clearance, (3) transvenous
      liver biopsy, (4) percutaneous liver biopsy, (5) laparoscopy and (6)
      oesogastroscopy. Hepatologists gave a higher inconvenience rate for all
      investigations than patients and the ranking of the crude inconvenience rate of
      each investigation was different for hepatologists and patients. For 84% of
      patients, oesogastroscopy was over 10 times more inconvenient than a venous
      puncture, whereas only 15% of hepatologists considered oesogastroscopy over 10
      times more inconvenient (p less than 0.001). Multidimensional analysis indicated
      that hepatologists underestimated the role of pain in the rejection of re
      investigation for transvenous liver biopsy, percutaneous liver biopsy and
      oesogastroscopy. These results suggest that hepatologists must improve the
      psychological and pharmacological premedication of these investigations according
      to the reaction of their patients, especially before oesogastroscopy.

PMID- 6820107
TI  - Protective effect of CO2-induced hyperventilation on the hepatotoxicity elicited
      by carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - Following oral intake or inhalation, halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized to
      hepatotoxic intermediates in the liver to only a small extent, the major part
      being eliminated via the lungs without biochemical transformation. Following
      intoxication, increased pulmonary elimination of hydrocarbons can be achieved in
      patients by treatment with CO2-induced hyperventilation. To investigate the
      efficacy of this new therapy under exact experimental conditions, female Wistar
      rats received 2.5 ml CCl4/kg BW by gastric intubation and were then treated with
      CO2-induced hyperventilation. In comparison to untreated animals, hyperventilated
      rats showed only a few signs of hepatic injury by histological evaluation,
      whereas massive centrolobular necroses and fatty infiltrations were observed in
      non-hyperventilated animals. By biochemical assessment, significant decreases of
      GOT, GPT and GDH activity were observed in the serum, when hyperventilated rats
      were compared to untreated animals. Moreover, the LD50 for CCl4 was almost
      trebled after hyperventilation compared to the non-hyperventilated animals. The
      increased LD50, and the biochemical and histological results therefore
      substantiate the usefulness of CO2-induced hyperventilation therapy in the
      treatment of intoxications by hydrocarbons under standardized experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 6820108
TI  - [Guillain-Barre syndrome. Intensive treatment of polyradiculoneuritis].

PMID- 6820109
TI  - [Thioctacid in uremic polyneuropathy].

PMID- 6820110
TI  - The long-term skeletal effects of EHDP in dogs.
AB  - Disodium hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid was administered subcutaneously (s.c.)
      to adult beagle dogs for 1 to 2 years at various dose levels to determine its
      skeletal effects when given chronically. The effects were followed
      densitometrically, radiographically and by making histomorphometric measurements
      in sequential rib biopsies. At low doses (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) EHDP caused
      a time-and-dose dependent reduction in the percentage of bone surfaces with
      active mineralization, a reduction in mineralization rates, a reduction in
      resorption spaces but no changes in osteoid seam widths. No treatment related
      bone fractures were noted at the 0.1 mg/kg/day level, while at 0.5 mg/kg/day,
      fracture incidence appeared slightly increased. At higher doses (2-10 mg/kg/day),
      there was also a reduction in the number of resorption spaces, but mineralization
      activity was totally blocked, osteoid seams became thickened and fracture
      incidence was markedly increased. In one group of animals, EHDP treatment was
      discontinued after one year of dosage at 5 mg/kg/day given subcutaneously. In
      these animals, mineralization activity reappeared within 3 months, but osteoid
      seams remained thickened until 7 months post-treatment. These data indicate that
      EHDP can have profound effects on bone remodeling in the dog but that these
      effects are dose-and-time-dependent and they appear to be reversible.

PMID- 6820111
TI  - Clinical and biochemical effects of EHDP in Paget's disease of bone: patterns of
      response to initial treatment and to long-term therapy.
AB  - Studies regarding the efficacy of EHDP in the treatment of Paget's disease of
      bone conducted at our institution are described. An initial placebo-controlled
      clinical trial established that doses of 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months produced
      symptomatic improvement and a 50% lowering of serum alkaline phosphatase and
      urinary hydroxyproline. A subsequent study indicated that the biochemical
      suppression was maintained during the ensuing 6 months without therapy. Current
      results of long-term intermittent EHDP treatment in 40 patients studied for 5-8
      years demonstrate that a small minority of individuals experience a sustained
      remission after a single six-month course of therapy, while a majority require
      repeated courses of 5 mg/kg/day for 6 of every 12 months to maintain their
      initial improvement. Data are also presented describing the successful use of
      EHDP at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 1 of every 4 months in patients refractory to
      conventional low doses of therapy. The possible role of parathyroid hormone in
      the expression of Paget's disease is also discussed, and recommendations
      regarding the pharmacologic management of patients with this disorder are
      provided.

PMID- 6820112
TI  - Effects of ethane-1 hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (5 mg/kg/day dose) on quantitative
      bone histology in Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - The effects of ethane hydroxy diphosphonate (EHDP) on quantitative bone histology
      have been studied in 43 pagetic patients treated for 6 months at a dose of 5
      mg/kg/day. To determine the therapeutic effects on pagetic bone and to appreciate
      the side effects in non-pagetic bone, the patients were biopsied either in
      pagetic or non-pagetic areas of the ilium before the beginning of the treatment
      and at 3, 6 and 9 months (i.e. 3 months post-therapy) after the inception of
      treatment. Tetracycline double labelling of bone was performed before biopsies in
      each patient to measure the calcification rate. The results demonstrate that 5
      mg/kg/day EHDP given for 6 months has a marked antiosteoclastic effect which is
      prolonged after the cessation of treatment. Pagetic osteoclasts appear more
      sensitive to EHDP than normal osteoclasts. The new bone formed during treatment
      has a regular lamellar texture. At the same time, the high appositional rate of
      pagetic bone is reduced to a normal value. Marrow fibrosis is reduced along with
      the reduction in the osteoclast population. Thus, pagetic bone changes to bone
      normal in quantity, quality and metabolism. Dynamically, in nonpagetic areas, a
      transitory decrease of calcification rate is noted at the end of the treatment,
      without morphological evidence of osteomalacia, except for 2 out of 43 cases.
      Histologically, EHDP given at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months appears to be an
      effective and safe treatment for Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 6820114
TI  - Heterotopic ossification following hip replacement or spinal cord injury. Two
      clinical studies with EHDP.
AB  - We report two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of the effects of disodium
      etidronate (EHDP) on the incidence and severity of heterotopic ossification
      following total hip arthroplasty or spinal cord injury. The large placebo groups
      in these studies allowed the estimation of the incidence of heterotopic
      ossification in these patient populations. Heterotopic ossification occurred in
      65% of patients after hip replacement and in the majority of these within 15
      weeks. Clinically significant ossification occurred in 19% of affected patients.
      The incidence of heterotopic calcification after spinal cord injury was less
      (35%) but followed a similar natural history. Treatment with EHDP reduced the
      incidence and severity of lesions both at the time of stopping EHDP and up to 9
      months after treatment.

PMID- 6820113
TI  - Calcitonin and diphosphonate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - The ideal treatment for Paget's disease of bone should control turnover
      irrespective of its initial activity and produce a sustained remission once
      treatment is withdrawn. Unfortunately, neither the calcitonins nor the
      diphosphonates currently available entirely fulfil these requirements.
      Preliminary studies suggest that combinations of calcitonin and EHDP produce
      significantly better responses than those of the individual agents alone. This
      proposition is examined critically in terms of the optimum effects achieved with
      calcitonin and EHDP alone paying particular attention to variables such as
      disease activity, dose and duration of treatment.

PMID- 6820115
TI  - Liability of the athymic nude mouse to intestinal colonization by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 6820116
TI  - [Isolation and identification of atypic mycobacteria and diagnosis by biochemical
      tests].
AB  - In this study, 3350 samples sent to Microbiology Institute Tuberculosis
      Laboratory from various clinics between 1976--1979 were examined for
      mycobacteria. From these samples, 124 M. tuberculosis var. hominis, and 9 strains
      of atypic mycobacteria were isolated. In this rather limited study, percentage of
      atypic mycobacteria isolated from persons come from different parts of this
      country was (% 0,25). The ratio of atypic mycobacteria to mycobacteria isolated
      was 7%.

PMID- 6820117
TI  - [Formulation studies of the wetting solutions for hard contact lenses. 1.
      Microbiological studies].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop hard contact lens wetting solutions
      which would contain suitable and sufficient antimicrobial agents for preventing
      contamination. In the first part of the formulation studies, microbiological
      methods were employed to determine the adequate antibacterial concentrations of
      benzalkonium chloride and disodium EDTA.

PMID- 6820118
TI  - [Mechanism of immune response].
AB  - The mechanism of immune response is not yet very well understood. In the
      formation of immune response the macrophage, B and T lymphocytes are effective.
      In the interaction of these cells the physical and soluble secretory factor of
      the macrophages and T cells induce the differentiation and proliferation of the T
      and B cells. The immune response genes which are found in major
      histocompatibility complex genes influence the formation of immune response as
      well.

PMID- 6820119
TI  - beta-thalassemia-? Selected pseudogenes.
AB  - The synthesis of delta-globin is directed by a gene whose inherent
      characteristics permit only limited expression, a gene resembling in some
      respects that of beta +-thalassemia. The existence of delta O-thalassemia and the
      presence of delta-globin genes in this condition recall the molecular findings in
      most types of beta O-thalassemia. The delta-globin and beta +-thalassemia genes
      may be evolving pseudogenes. Those for delta O and beta O-thalassemia are, in
      functional sense, already pseudogenes in that they closely resemble functional
      genes but lack a discernible protein product. In time they should accumulate
      sufficient changes in their nucleotide sequences which will make them more
      analagous to what we now recognize as pseudogenes. the selective pressure of
      Falciparum malaria infection may help maintain the beta-thalassemia "pseudogene"
      in many populations.

PMID- 6820120
TI  - The influence of EDTA salts plus multivitamin-trace mineral therapy upon total
      serum cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
AB  - For a number of years, the principal attention was accorded total serum
      cholesterol as a possible predictor of cardiovascular pathosis. More recently,
      emphasis has been shifted to the high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Now
      consideration is turning to the ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density
      lipoproteins. In fact, it is now stated that a ratio of 4.5 is the ideal
      combination in terms of cardiovascular health. This report adds credence to this
      "ideal" ratio for chronic degenerative disorders.

PMID- 6820122
TI  - Annual summary 1981. Reported morbidity & mortality in the United States.

PMID- 6820121
TI  - Macula densa feedback control of glomerular filtration: role of cytosolic
      calcium.

PMID- 6820123
TI  - Diffuse and transient gyral enhancement on CT following seizures in Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 6820124
TI  - Deficiency and urinary losses of factor XII in adult nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Factor XII was measured in the plasma and urine of 16 adult patients with
      nephrotic syndrome and 10 normal volunteers using a monospecific antibody to
      human factor XII. In addition plasma factor XII procoagulant activity was
      determined in both groups. Plasma immunoreactive factor XII level was
      significantly lower in the nephrotic group than the control group. This was
      associated with a significant reduction of plasma factor XII procoagulant
      activity. To examine the effect of albumin concentration on factor XII
      procoagulant activity purified human serum albumin was added in the in vitro
      system. Manipulation of albumin concentration failed to alter plasma factor XII
      activity. Considerable amounts of factor XII were recovered in the urine of all
      but one of the tested nephrotic patients while none were found in the urine of
      the control group. Plasma factor XII concentration was within normal limits in
      the single patient whose urine contained no detectable factor XII. Moreover,
      there was a significant negative correlation between plasma and urinary factor
      XII concentrations (r = -0.79; p less than 0.01). In addition, plasma factor XII
      concentration showed a significant correlation with serum albumin concentration
      (r = 0.63; p less than 0.05). It thus appears that renal losses of this plasma
      protein contribute to its low plasma concentration in our patients.

PMID- 6820125
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of thyroliberin and its analogs.

PMID- 6820126
TI  - Autoradiographic study of the connections between field 17 of the visual cortex
      and the hypothalamus in the cat.

PMID- 6820127
TI  - [Failure of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of 17 patients with chronic
      inflammatory diseases of the intestine. An occasion to review the pathogenetic
      problems of ulcerative rectocolitis and Crohn's disease].

PMID- 6820128
TI  - [Symptomatic duodenal diverticulosis. 6 case reports].

PMID- 6820129
TI  - Parachordodes sp. (Nematomorpha) human infestation of the lower urinary tract:
      the first case report in China.

PMID- 6820130
TI  - [Periodontal splinting. 1. Biological basis].

PMID- 6820132
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of old amalgam restorations].

PMID- 6820131
TI  - [Oral squamous papillomas: clinicopathologic study of 47 cases].

PMID- 6820133
TI  - [Enamel opacities. A clinicostatistical study].

PMID- 6820134
TI  - [Oral-mucosal lesions of the geographic tongue type].

PMID- 6820137
TI  - Curing, caring, and economics: dilemmas of progress.

PMID- 6820135
TI  - Evolution is condemned to rely upon variations of the same theme: the one
      ancestral sequence for genes and spacers.
AB  - Nature is condemned to play variations of the same theme in evolution, past
      commitments progressively restricting freedom of choices in evolutionary
      directions. While each family of genes evolved by the mechanism of gene
      duplication, this mechanism is extremely inefficient, the usual fate of redundant
      copies of the ancestral gene being degeneracy. As a result, the euchromatic DNA
      of higher organisms became a desert in which still-functioning genes are found
      scattered like oases at an average distance of 35,000 base-pairs of barren
      stretch between neighbors in the case of mammals. The 20-base-long sequence
      (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG) can be considered as one of the few ultimate
      ancestors of all euchromatic DNAs. Long stretches of intergenic spacers are
      mostly represented by degenerate subfamilies of repeats derived from the above.
      Certain 30- 50-base-long units of such degenerate subfamilies apparently served
      as the primordial building block of the ultimate ancestor of each family of
      genes. For example, the primordial building block of the ancestor for antigen
      binding sites (variable regions) of mammalian immunoglobulin heavy chains
      apparently was TTC-AGC-AGC-CTG-ACT-GGA-TAT GAC-CTG-GAG-TGG-ACT-TAC-TGC-GCA-AGA,
      which is the original reading frame specified in the 16-amino-acid-residues-long
      sequence Phe-Ser-Ser-Leu-Thr-Gly-Tyr-Asp-Leu-Glu-Trp-Thr-Tyr-Cys-Ala-Arg.

PMID- 6820136
TI  - Perspectives, surgery.

PMID- 6820139
TI  - In vitro and in vivo behaviour of four different 99(m)Tc-HEDP complexes.
AB  - According to absorption spectra, at least four different 99Tc-HEDP complexes
      [complex I (colorless), complex II (yellow), complex III (pink-red) and complex
      IV (brown)] were observed under various labeling conditions. Both pH and Sn (II)
      HEDP concentration greatly influenced the formation of these complexes. In acidic
      or neutral media, complex II was the main product while in alkaline media complex
      III and complex IV were formed below concentration levels of 1 X 10(-3)M of Sn
      (II) and of 3 X 10(-3)M of HEDP. At high Sn (II)-HEDP concentrations complexes I
      and II were formed, while complexes III and IV were found at lower Sn (II)-HEDP
      concentrations in weak alkaline media. All four 99(m)Tc-HEDP complexes were
      stable against air oxidation until at least 6 hrs after preparation. Complexes I
      and II were stable against dilution by distilled water, while complexes III and
      IV were unstable and readily dissociated. In organ distribution studies high soft
      tissue uptakes were observed with complexes III and IV, while complexes I and II
      had high bone-seeking properties.

PMID- 6820138
TI  - [Radiation effect on carcinoma of the oral cavity treated by a single large dose
      irradiation--with special reference to immunological evaluation].

PMID- 6820140
TI  - [Thyroid hormones during late pregnancy with special reference to the free
      hormones].

PMID- 6820141
TI  - Further attainments on the standardization of the complement fixation test (CFT)
      for brucellosis. III. Erythrocytes, haemolysin, antigen.

PMID- 6820143
TI  - Further attainments in the standardization of the complement fixation test (CFT)
      in brucellosis. I. Standard serum and standardized reference bacteriolysin.

PMID- 6820144
TI  - Structure-activity studies with cholecystokinin on gastric secretion in the cat.
AB  - The influence of the position of the sulphate group in CCK on its gastric acid
      and pepsin stimulating activities was investigated in conscious cats with gastric
      fistulae. In Boc-CCK7, substitution of tyrosine-SO3H by epsilon-hydroxynorleucine
      SO3H, an aliphatic amino acid approximating the length of tyrosine, enhanced acid
      secretory potency, whilst similar substitution by serine-SO3H reduced potency,
      possibly due to the serine residue holding the sulphate group closer to the
      peptide backbone. Desulphation of Ser-CCK6 reduced acid secretory potency
      indicating that the known loss of potency upon desulphation of CCK-like peptides
      is not wholly dependent upon the presence of tyrosine residue in position 7.
      Sulphated CCK-like peptides are partial agonists of pepsin secretion, and
      desulphation confers full agonist activity. Analogues of CCK with serine or
      epsilon-hydroxynorleucine substituting for tyrosine, whether sulphated or not,
      showed full agonist activity in stimulating pepsin secretion. These data suggest
      the presence of the aromatic tyrosine residue, as well as sulphation, to be a
      necessary prerequisite for pepsin partial agonist activity in CCK-like peptides.

PMID- 6820145
TI  - Action of ecdysterone in salivary glands of 3rd instar larvae of d.melanogaster:
      is there more than one target site?

PMID- 6820142
TI  - Further attainments on the standardization of the complement fixation test (CFT)
      in brucellosis. IV. Techniques.

PMID- 6820147
TI  - Screening for breast cancer and cost-effectiveness of thermal diagnostic
      techniques.

PMID- 6820146
TI  - The role of lipoxygenase and ATP-dependent proteolysis in the maturation of the
      reticulocyte.

PMID- 6820148
TI  - The social, economic, and legal implications of biomedical thermology.

PMID- 6820149
TI  - The elaboration of extracellular matrix by chicken chondrocytes in culture.

PMID- 6820150
TI  - Morphological and biochemical transformation of skeletal muscle into cartilage.
AB  - In summary, these studies show that the potential to form cartilage is not
      restricted to a defined population of limb tissues, but resides within limb
      mesenchyme as one of its several potencies. A theoretically novel aspect of these
      studies is the relative ease with which the synthesis of sulfated GAG and
      proteoglycan monomer may be evoked. But, what appears to control the appearance
      of a fully differentiated cartilage matrix is a shift from the synthesis of low
      molecular weight HA to species of greater molecular weight.

PMID- 6820151
TI  - Proteoglycans produced by skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6820152
TI  - Differential accumulation and aggregation of proteoglycans in limb development.

PMID- 6820153
TI  - Proteoglycans in the cartilage of the turkey chondrodystrophy mutant.

PMID- 6820154
TI  - Horizontal cells of the tetrapoda retina.

PMID- 6820155
TI  - Cerebrovascular actions of prostaglandins.

PMID- 6820156
TI  - [Surgery of the biliary tract].

PMID- 6820157
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness: clinical correlates.

PMID- 6820158
TI  - Hypocalciuric effect of lithium: a confirmatory study.

PMID- 6820159
TI  - Review on thyrotropin releasing factor (TRH)

PMID- 6820160
TI  - Ionic regulation of egg activation.

PMID- 6820161
TI  - [Clinical use of latex tests. II. Evaluation of latex tests in C-reactive protein
      determination].
AB  - We compared the most reliable and practical laboratory methods for the
      quantitative determination of serum C-reactive protein that is polistyrene latex
      particles together with purified anti-C-reactive protein rabbit globulin, the
      precipitation test using anti-C-reactive protein serum and finally, radial
      immunodiffusion on agar-gel plates. We examined 163 serum specimens from
      ambulatory patients and from various hospitalized patients in Istituti Clinici di
      Perfezionamento of Milan (Italy). All the methods tested showed a good
      qualitative discrimination for serum C-reactive protein presence or absence at
      pathological levels. We also compared the two latex methods. In conclusion,
      radial immunodiffusion confirmed to be the best method for accurate C-reactive
      protein dosage during inflammatory and degenerative processes.

PMID- 6820162
TI  - [Use of the radiometric method in microbiological diagnosis].
AB  - The authors reported the results of a radiometric method (Bactec) on the
      detection of gentamicin serum levels, bacteriaemia and identification of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The serum gentamicin assay procedure proved to be
      sensitive, accurate, reliable and correlated well with radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      Positivity revelation of bacteriaemia, evaluated on simulated blood cultures, was
      much more sensitive than the Castaneda method. The radiometric method, performed
      on 14 recent isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gave perfect identification in
      all cases.

PMID- 6820163
TI  - Von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 6820164
TI  - Lupus anticoagulants.

PMID- 6820165
TI  - Comparison of umbilical vein models for measurement of relative prostacyclin and
      thromboxane production.
AB  - There is growing evidence that blood vessels generate TXA2 in addition to PGI2.
      We examined effluents from continuously perfused human umbilical vein and
      supernatants from umbilical vein rings for TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      measurements (stable metabolites of TXA2 and PGI2, respectively). TXB2 and 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha were identified in all samples. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to TXB2 ratio was
      higher in intact vein effluents than in the venous ring supernatants (112:1 and
      28:1, respectively, P less than 0.01). Arachidonate stimulation increased 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and TXB2 levels similarly in the intact vein effluent. In contrast,
      stimulation of the venous rings resulted in a relatively larger increase in TXB2
      than in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. This caused 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to TXB2 ratio to decline
      (p less than 0.01). The identity of TXB2 was confirmed in several different ways.
      These data suggest that 1) human umbilical veins produce TXA2 in addition to
      PGI2, 2) TXA2 release is more by venous rings than by the intact vein probably
      reflecting contribution from non-endothelial layers, and 3) arachidonate
      stimulation causes relatively greater release of TXA2 than of PGI2 from the
      venous rings, whereas release of PGI2 and TXA2 is similar from the intact vein.

PMID- 6820166
TI  - Effect of dipyridamole on prostaglandin generation by human platelets and vessel
      walls.
AB  - These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dipyridamole on
      human platelet aggregation, platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and human vessel wall
      prostacyclin (PGI2) generation. Dipyridamole in varying concentrations (5 to 50
      micrograms/ml) had no direct effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro,
      but it potentiated PGI2-induced platelet aggregation inhibition at these
      concentrations. Dipyridamole also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet
      TXA2 generation at these concentrations. In continuously perfused umbilical vein
      segments, dipyridamole treatment resulted in stimulation of PGI2 release
      determined by bioassay and by measurement of its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha. Minimum concentration of dipyridamole causing PGI2 release was 50
      micrograms/ml. These in vitro studies suggest that anti-thrombotic effects of
      dipyridamole in man are mediated mainly by potentiation of PGI2 activity and to
      some extent by TXA2 suppression. Stimulation of PGI2 release by human vessels may
      not be seen in usual therapeutic concentrations.

PMID- 6820170
TI  - Mechanisms of brain inactivation of centrally-acting thyrotrophin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) analogues: a high-performance liquid chromatography study.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate the
      degradation in vitro of several centrally-acting analogues of thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH) by two subcellular fractions prepared from different
      areas of rat brain. Of the seven analogues studied, RX77368 (pGlu-His-(3,3'
      dimethyl)-ProNH2) was the most stable analogue, showing only a small amount of
      degradation by the particulate fraction containing a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase,
      whereas the other analogues (RX74355, CG3509, CG3703, [3MeHis]TRH, PGHPA and
      MK771) showed varying degrees of resistance to degradation by this enzyme and the
      proline endopeptidase in the soluble fraction. However, TRH was rapidly
      inactivated to its deamidated form, TRH-OH and the histidyl-proline
      diketopiperazine by both fractions. The relative stability of these TRH analogues
      to enzyme action may provide some explanation for their enhanced biological
      activity in vivo.

PMID- 6820167
TI  - The metabolism of arachidonic acid to an antiaggregatory compound in isolated
      lungs of fetal and neonatal rabbits.
AB  - The developmental pattern of fetal and neonatal rabbit lungs to generate an
      antiaggregatory compound from arachidonic acid (AA) was studied in isolated
      rabbit lungs, which were perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffer. The
      antiaggregatory effect of the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent was tested by
      adding a small portion of the effluent to human platelet rich plasma (PRP) in a
      Born-type aggregometer before the aggregation was induced by ADP. The production
      of an antiaggregatory compound was minimal, when exogenous AA was not infused
      into the pulmonary circulation. When arachidonate (40 nmol/min) was infused into
      the pulmonary circulation of rabbits which were 1 day or 1 week old, the
      perfusion effluent significantly inhibited the ADP induced aggregation of PRP.
      Perfused lungs from fetal rabbits (gestation age 28-31 days) formed also an
      antiaggregatory compound from AA, but the antiaggregatory effect was not as great
      as 1 day after birth. It seems that neonatal rabbit lungs metabolize AA more to
      an antiaggregatory compound than late fetal lungs. The fact that the AA induced
      production of an antiaggregatory compound is inhibited by simultaneous infusion
      of indomethacin favours the hypothesis that this antiaggregatory compound could
      be PGI2.

PMID- 6820169
TI  - [Beta-glucuronidase in human peripheral blood cells].

PMID- 6820168
TI  - The pericardium as a source of prostacyclin in the dog, ox and rat.
AB  - Cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism formed by the pericardium
      and epicardial surface of dog heart were identified and quantitated by
      radioimmunoassay after separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pieces
      of parietal pericardium, of dog, ox and rat, when incubated in vitro produced
      mainly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, with lesser amounts of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and thromboxane
      B2. Biosynthesis of all prostanoids increased during incubation of the parietal
      pericardium of each species with arachidonic acid, but 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      still the major metabolite. When slices of dog heart were incubated with
      arachidonic acid (1 microgram/ml) the rates of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation by the
      parietal pericardium was much greater than that of the myocardium and
      endocardium. Epicardial slices appeared to be intermediate in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      formation. The hearts of anesthetized dogs were also irrigated in situ with
      Krebs' solution, and during the first 5 min of epicardial irrigation the
      pericardial fluid leaving the heart again contained high levels of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, with lesser amounts of the other prostanoids. Addition of arachidonic acid
      (3 micrograms/ml) to the irrigating fluid caused an increase in all measured
      prostanoid levels, although 6-keto-PGF1 alpha remained the predominant
      metabolite. In contrast, intravenous infusion of isoproterenol selectively
      increased the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from the irrigated heart. It is
      concluded that the pericardium and epicardium continuously release prostacyclin
      into the pericardial fluid, and that the increased release of this substance
      observed when cardiac workload increases derives mainly from these membranous
      sources. This raises the interesting possibility that pericardial prostacyclin
      might influence coronary vascular tone and chemoreflexes which arise from the
      epicardium during myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6820171
TI  - Induction of wet-dog shaking in rats by analogues and metabolites of thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone (TRH).
AB  - The ability of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), its metabolites and several
      analogues to induce wet-dog shaking (WDS) was tested by their injection into the
      periaqueductal grey region of male rats. TRH and its metabolite deamido-TRH (TRH
      OH) both stimulated WDS, though TRH-OH gave a longer duration of response; other
      TRH metabolites were inactive. Of the TRH analogues studied, RX77368 (pGlu-His
      3,3'-dimethyl-ProNH2) was the most potent in this behavioural test system. Both
      CG3509 and CG3703 were also very active in inducing WDS, as were their deamidated
      metabolites. The relative stability of the TRH analogues to enzymic degradation
      in the brain may be related to their enhanced behavioural activity over TRH. The
      production from these analogues of biologically-active metabolites may also
      explain the increased activity in stimulating WDS of the parent peptides.

PMID- 6820172
TI  - [Changes in plasma levels of gonadotropins in men with hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 6820173
TI  - Mutagenicity testing.

PMID- 6820174
TI  - [Juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula: incidence, relation to biliary lithiasis,
      and failures of retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 6820175
TI  - [Basic characteristics of rheoangiometry].

PMID- 6820176
TI  - [Cool-down effect in exercise test].

PMID- 6820178
TI  - [Pulmonary gas exchange in normal subjects and in coal miners].

PMID- 6820177
TI  - [Continuous partial epilepsy: syndrome and disease].
AB  - Twenty three patients are described with a Kojewnikow syndrome in order to
      identify possible etiological factors. According to their history, clinical and
      E.E.G. features, patients could be classified into two groups; 1) Eleven patients
      corresponded to the classical description of the Kojewnikow syndrome: variable
      age at onset of the disease, rare somatomotor seizures, delay of onset of
      myoclonic jerks often of long duration, myoclonus limited to a small region,
      normal neurological examination, stable hemiplegia, normal results of
      psychometric tests, localised E.E.G. alterations. In most of these patients the
      etiology of the disorder was known, and the symptoms could be related to a
      localised lesion of the central cortex; 2) the second group (11 patients)
      presented with completely different characteristics: early onset of fits (age: 2
      to 10 years), presence of other seizure types, short delay of onset of myoclonic
      jerks, high frequency of seizures, localization of myoclonus over large parts of
      the body, progressive evolution of a motor syndrome, associated neurological
      signs and disorders of sleep and behavior, progressive mental deterioration,
      characteristic E.E.G. pattern with long subclinical paroxysms of slow spikes
      (sharp waves) with variable localization, diffuse cerebral lesions of unknown
      etiology were found. Only one patient could not be allocated to either group.
      Several circumstantial data suggest that patients of the second group may suffer
      from a slow virus infection. Should this hypothesis be confirmed, a
      reconsideration of the Kojewnikow syndrome from the etiological standpoint would
      be of great theoretical and practical interest.

PMID- 6820179
TI  - [Pulmonary gas exchange in normal subjects and in coal miners. 2. Pulmonary gas
      exchange in normal subjects].

PMID- 6820180
TI  - [Development of membrane oxygenators].

PMID- 6820181
TI  - [Meningococcal meningitis in Spain (1978-1980). II. Serotypes and electrophoretic
      patterns in polyacrylamide gel].

PMID- 6820182
TI  - [Wild rodents, marsupials and triatominae captured in the municipality of Mambai-
      Goias. Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 6820183
TI  - Diet versus average Danish food in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An
      evaluation during treatment with an artificial betacell.
AB  - Ten randomly selected insulin-dependent diabetics with minimal betacell function
      were studied during treatment with an artificial betacell during two consecutive
      24-hour periods. Patients were randomly served diabetic diet for one 24-hour
      period and average Danish food during the other 24-hour period. No significant (P
      greater than 0.05) difference was found between the mean blood glucose
      concentrations, nor insulin requirements on average Danish food compared to diet.
      However, the mean amplitude of glucose excursions was significantly higher on
      average Danish food than on diabetic diet (median 3.6 versus 2.7 mmol/l, P less
      than 0.05). Thus insulin-dependent patients not following their diabetes diet
      will show increased blood glucose fluctuations.

PMID- 6820184
TI  - Morphological comparison of the cross section of the human and animal hair shafts
      by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - In order to obtain some fine structural informations available for the
      identification of hair samples collected in small amounts or fragments, the
      preparation method of the samples for the scanning electron microscopy was
      investigated. Hair samples of human individuals and animals were mounted between
      two sheets of celluloid using isoamyl acetate and were sectioned to 20 microns
      thickness. These sections were collected in a test tube for dissolving the
      celluloid. After centrifuging in acetone, a small mass of sections was embedded
      in Spurr's epoxy resin. After polymerization, 1 micron thick sections were made
      on an ultramicrotome. The sections were mounted on glass slide and were surface
      etched by exposure to oxygen plasma for 90 seconds. Observations were made in the
      secondary electron image mode of a scanning electron microscope. After surface
      etching, a good resolution of the cross section was obtained. The arrangement of
      the cortical cells of human hairs was observed to be fairly irregular with
      conspicuous interdigitations of cell boundaries as compared with that of animal
      hairs. The medulla of human and animal hairs were filled with cellular remnants
      of destroyed medullary cells showing fibrous structures. The lamellar structures
      of cuticular cells became very clearly visible. The number and the overall
      thickness of cuticular cell layers in human and animal hairs investigated varied
      considerably between scalp and pubic hairs and from animal to animal.

PMID- 6820185
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of the cytoplasmic surface of the toad
      bladder luminal membrane.
AB  - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water flow across receptor cells in the
      kidney and amphibian bladder by stimulating the insertion of particles into the
      luminal (urinary) cell membrane. The particles originate from tubular structures
      in the cytoplasm which fuse with the luminal membrane. Many of the steps involved
      in fusion and particle insertion are still unknown. We have been able to separate
      the luminal cell membrane of ADH-treated toad bladder from the rest of the cell
      and attach the membranes to glass coverslips with polylysine, with their
      cytoplasmic surfaces facing up. Inspection of the membranes by scanning electron
      microscopy reveals subluminal granules and what appear to be fusing tubules. The
      present communication describes our technique for membrane preparation and
      adhesion, as well as our initial observations of membrane-associated organelles.

PMID- 6820186
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobes.
AB  - Most of the methods devised for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of aerobes
      have been applied to anaerobes. In addition to the problems intrinsic to these
      methods, additional difficulties arise from anaerobiosis itself, from variability
      of carbon dioxide concentrations and pH, from problems in preparation and
      definition of inoculum, from the rich media required for growth by some
      fastidious anaerobes, and from the lack of suitable control microorganisms of
      known sensitivity. Among the procedures described, MIC determination on solid
      media is suitable for research and for use as a standard, and MIC in liquid media
      for routine use but disc tests are of limited usefulness. Changes in hitherto
      relatively stable patterns of susceptibility among anaerobes may well necessitate
      an increase of sensitivity testing in diagnostic laboratories.

PMID- 6820187
TI  - [Central chemoreceptors and respiratory control].

PMID- 6820188
TI  - Nucleus isthmus of toad is secondary visual center.
AB  - Visual responses of 148 units have been recorded with micropipettes from the left
      nucleus isthmus areas of toads (Bufo bufo gargarizans), their auditory and
      tactile responses also examined, and 122 recording sites marked with cobalt
      sulphide. This study indicates that: (i) 118 units responding solely to visual
      stimuli are found within the nucleus, and 4 multisensory units outside, (ii)
      there exist a visual field map and binocular units in the nucleus, and (iii)
      response latencies of the isthmic units to a spot of light range from 120 to 540
      msec, with no correlation with recording sites.

PMID- 6820189
TI  - Acquired haemophilia. A case report.

PMID- 6820190
TI  - [Aspegic].

PMID- 6820191
TI  - Differential effects of external agents on the G1-S transit rate of murine
      pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) after their release from G0.
AB  - The divalent ionophore A-23187, isoproterenol or testosterone are known among
      several agents to switch the pool of G0 murine femoral CFUs back into the cell
      cycle. The short transit time of these stem cells between late G1 and the S phase
      was further reduced by a factor of two after treatment with the divalent
      ionophore as compared with the other two agents. Interference of actinomycin D
      with such processes that immediately follow the release of the blocked CFUs
      suggested possible differences related to the type of agent used in the steps
      that control the progress of these cells out of late G1 into the replicative
      phase.

PMID- 6820192
TI  - [Prophylactic controlled trials with cotrimoxazole in afebrile neutropenic
      patients with malignant hemopathies].

PMID- 6820194
TI  - Observations on optimal conditions for lysis of whole blood clots and use of this
      assay as a screening assay in clinical investigation.
AB  - These studies describe an assay of whole blood clot lysis as measured by release
      of 125I-fibrinogen degradation products. Optimal rates of lysis were obtained at
      37 degrees C in 10-12 mM EDTA or 3,8% citrate and 4 u of thrombin/ml. Eighteen
      normal subjects and eight patients (six with recurrent deep vein thrombosis, one
      with thrombasthenia, and one with hepatitis and resolving portal vein thrombosis)
      were studied using this assay. The clots of seventeen of the eighteen normal
      subjects were 50% lysed at 40 hours. The clots of the patients with venous
      thrombosis and thrombasthenia did not lyse whereas the clots of the patient with
      hepatitis, resolving portal vein thrombosis and a high plasminogen activator
      level (0.32 CTA units) were 100% lysed at 4.5 hrs.

PMID- 6820193
TI  - Concerning the decarboxylation of 3-carboxysalsolinol.
AB  - 3-Carboxysalsolinol (14C-COOH) was prepared from DOPA (1-14C). Both in vitro and
      in vivo studies were conducted to examine the possibility that this amino-acid
      tetrahydroisoquinoline is converted to salsolinol in a parallel manner to the
      formation of dopamine from its amino-acid precursor. The results showed that this
      is not so for DOPA is decarboxylated far more readily than is 3
      carboxysalsolinol. Small quantities of carbon dioxide (14C) are liberated from 3
      carboxysalsolinol (14C-COOH), but this may reflect non-enzymatic decarboxylation.

PMID- 6820195
TI  - Crossed immuno-affinity electrophoresis--a method for analysing the interactions
      of factor VIII-related antigen with vessel wall proteins.

PMID- 6820196
TI  - [Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal (Rolandic) spikes].

PMID- 6820197
TI  - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum].

PMID- 6820198
TI  - The effect of ionophore A23187 and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the structure and
      function of cultured liver cells.

PMID- 6820199
TI  - Association of aflatoxin B1 with plasma components in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro association of [3H]aflatoxin B1 with plasma from man, pig and rat
      was compared. The uptake of aflatoxin B1 into plasma was rapid and did not differ
      between species. Its association with lipoprotein fractions was minimal when
      incubated with whole plasma; column chromatography of plasma from all 3 species
      resulted in the elution of the aflatoxin B1 with the low Mr plasma proteins. It
      is concluded that although aflatoxin B1 is a hydrophobic compound, it does not
      partition into the plasma lipoproteins and that its in vitro uptake into plasma
      does not differ among the 3 species studied. Plasma transport is probably not one
      of the factors determining species specificity for carcinogenesis by aflatoxin
      B1.

PMID- 6820200
TI  - Promutagen activation in partially hepatectomized mice.
AB  - Mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was followed in the Ames
      Salmonella/microsome test using liver S-9 from control and partially
      hepatectomized (PH) mice. The S-9 preparations from the PH mice were capable of
      inducing significantly greater AFB1 mutagenic activity to strain TA100 than S-9
      preparations from either unoperated control, sham-operated control, or Aroclor
      1254-induced mice. Increased activity was observed with S-9 preparations made at
      both 42 h and 148 h following PH.

PMID- 6820201
TI  - Therapeutic monitoring of valproic acid.
AB  - Valproic acid, a new type of antiepileptic drug, has developed into one of the
      drugs of first choice in all types of epilepsy with the exception of infantile
      spasms and partial seizures. Due to its short biological half-life, a steady
      state plasma concentration will be reached rapidly after initiation of therapy.
      However, no direct relationship between this plasma concentration and the
      clinical effect can be found. In autoradiography experiments, brain distribution
      appears to change with time, suggesting a gradual accumulation of the drug or its
      metabolites in certain brain areas. Two metabolites are detected in monkey and
      human blood plasma. Valprolactone is also found in brain tissue, but the
      substance is rapidly eliminated. beta, gamma-Unsaturated valproic acid has the
      longest half-life and is found in concentrations that can be quantitated by
      routine gas chromatographic analysis. The therapeutic effect appears to correlate
      better with dosage per kilogram body weight than with the actual plasma
      concentrations. Routine monitoring of valproate plasma concentrations in
      epileptic patients seems to be of limited value.

PMID- 6820202
TI  - Hexamethylmelamine tissue concentrations in pelvic cancer patients.

PMID- 6820203
TI  - Monitoring of free valproic acid levels?

PMID- 6820204
TI  - Manipulation of pancreatic islet cells in allotransplantation.

PMID- 6820205
TI  - Treatment by splenic irradiation in 22 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, score 2 according to Rai
      et al. (10), who received only a course of splenic irradiation are reviewed.
      Splenic doses ranged from 420 to 1080 rad. Response to splenic irradiation was
      rated by evaluating peripheral lymphocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, adenomegaly and
      disease-related symptoms. Following splenic irradiation, 8 patients showed a
      significant reduction in splenomegaly; 7 patients showed a significant reduction
      in peripheral lymphocytosis (less than 10,000/mm3), which has lasted from 15-42
      months without any other treatment. In 14 patients, response to splenic
      irradiation was partial, and it has successively been necessary to treat 12
      patients with chemotherapy. Methods of splenic irradiation, survival, clinical
      and hematologic behavior are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6820206
TI  - [CO2 laser in gynecology. I. Description of a new method of operation].

PMID- 6820208
TI  - [The zinc depletion syndrome during long-term parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6820207
TI  - [CO2 laser in gynecology. Clinical experience].

PMID- 6820209
TI  - Yield of screening urography in young women with urinary tract infection.
AB  - In order to determine the diagnostic yield and therapeutic outcome of screening
      urography in young women with urinary tract infection, 1000 urographic
      examinations were reviewed. Of these 96.4% were normal; 1.4% revealed
      abnormalities that subsequently required therapy. Each treated abnormality was
      expensive to diagnose; protocols other than universal urography could have made
      most of these diagnoses. The incidence of treated abnormalities may be no greater
      in this group than in the general population. Universal screening urography in
      these patients cannot be definitely recommended.

PMID- 6820210
TI  - Acute urinary retention caused by vesical diverticula.
AB  - Two children with acute urinary retention due to obstructing bladder diverticula
      are presented. This is an extremely rare but significant complication of
      congenital bladder diverticulum. The possible mechanisms of this complication are
      discussed. Voiding cystourethrography can provide the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6820211
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complicated diverticulosis of the duodenum].

PMID- 6820212
TI  - Acid-base parameters in venous blood of pregnant and non-pregnant Dutch Friesian
      and Dutch Red and White cows.
AB  - Acid-base values in venous blood of pregnant and non-pregnant cows belonging to
      the Friesian (FH) and the red-and-white (MRIJ) breeds were compared. Differences
      between the breeds were not found. Pregnancy seemed to cause a slight decrease in
      the base excess value and in the standard bicarbonate concentration.

PMID- 6820213
TI  - [Longitudinal study of the social adaptation of children brought up in nursing
      homes between the ages of 0-3 years].

PMID- 6820214
TI  - [Role of the ancillary staff in the emergency care of casualties with head
      injuries].

PMID- 6820215
TI  - [Cooley's anemia, a major thalassemia].

PMID- 6820216
TI  - [Development of the health status in an enterprise].

PMID- 6820218
TI  - [Education of the ancillary staff, a priority objective today].

PMID- 6820217
TI  - [The National Nurses' Association in Romania, promoting the development and
      affirmation of the profession. IIa].

PMID- 6820219
TI  - [The child's personality development within the family and within special
      institutions].

PMID- 6820221
TI  - [Professor Iuliu Moldovan, the founder of the first oncological institute of
      Romania].

PMID- 6820220
TI  - [Prenatal puericulture, an aim of modern obstetrics].

PMID- 6820222
TI  - [The value of EEG after sleep deprivation for the diagnosis of epileptic
      seizures, epilepsy and other cerebral disorders].
AB  - 114 electroencephalographic and 49 clinical criteria of 1010 patients, including
      64 healthy volunteers, were evaluated by means of a computer. In 549 patients
      with epileptic seizures spike wave (sw) paroxysms were seen in 13.3%. Following a
      24-hour period of sleep deprivation sw paroxysms were present in 24.2% cases
      which represents an increase of 82.0%. The number of cases with focal discharges
      increased in this group from 21.3% initially to 27.5% after sleep deprivation,
      representing an increase of only 29.1%. The percentage increase in sw paroxysms
      and focal discharges following sleep deprivation was approximately as marked also
      in patients without epileptic seizures, so that sleep deprivation was found to be
      equally useful in patients with non-epileptic cerebral disorders. The rate of
      activation is higher in children and juveniles than in adults. Similarly, it is
      higher in patients with awaking epilepsy than in patients with sleep epilepsy.
      The influence of sleep deprivation and that of sleep, respectively, upon the
      provocation of EEG changes was not sharply differentiated. By counting sw
      paroxysms in the EEG before sleep deprivation, in the waking EEG following sleep
      deprivation, as well as in the subsequent sleeping EEG further evidence was
      obtained, however, supporting the suggestion that special significance may be
      attributed to sleep deprivation as a provocation method. If the activation of sw
      paroxysms and focal changes is related to sleep and sleep stages it can be shown
      that their frequency decreases from stage 1 to stage 4. In particular, the short
      fluctuations in vigilance, the waking reactions frequently occurring under
      routine laboratory conditions and the transitions between sleep stages were seen
      to assume trigger functions.

PMID- 6820223
TI  - Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.

PMID- 6820224
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 as a determinant of sex difference of drug metabolism in the
      rat.
AB  - 1. Recent advances in the studies of sex-related differences of drug metabolism
      in the rat are described. Experiments with novel substrates have provided new
      insights into the sex differences of drug metabolism. 2. One of each form of
      cytochrome P-450, P-450-male and P-450-female, from liver microsomes of male and
      female rats, respectively, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. 3. These
      forms of cytochrome P-450 are distinguishable from each other in their catalytic,
      physical and immunochemical properties. 4. The use of antibodies to the two forms
      of cytochrome P-450 shows that P-450-male and P-450-female, present in rat-liver
      microsomes, are dependent on sex hormones. 5. In addition, evidence for the
      involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in the occurrence of the sex
      difference has been presented.

PMID- 6820225
TI  - [Normovolemic hemodilution and cerebral edema].
AB  - For the purpose of an experimental study a cerebral oedema was produced in dogs
      by means of a criogenic wound. The dogs were divided into 4 groups. There was no
      treatment in the first group. The standard treatment with corticoids was applied
      in series 2 and 3. Moderate normovolaemic haemodilution was applied in the 4th
      group. In all cases we studied the evolution of the intracranial pressure, Na and
      K in C.S.F. and the Na-K ratio in the urine. The results obtained demonstrate
      that moderate normovolaemic haemodilution represents a valid alternative
      treatment in cases of cerebral oedema.

PMID- 6820226
TI  - Discriminant analysis of parameters referring to the monoclonal cellular event in
      multiple myeloma and benign monoclonal gammopathy.

PMID- 6820229
TI  - Regulation of body iron stores in man with special reference to iron absorption
      test by a whole body counter.

PMID- 6820228
TI  - [Therapeutic use of digestive hormones].

PMID- 6820227
TI  - [Somatostatin: physiology and pathology].

PMID- 6820230
TI  - [Experimental research on enhancing the stability of liposomes with mannitol-
      PVS].

PMID- 6820231
TI  - Shortening induced deactivation of skinned fibres of frog and mouse striated
      muscle.
AB  - The depressant effect of active shortening, previously established in intact
      muscle fibres, was studied during calcium induced contractures of chemically
      skinned fibres from the semitendinosus muscle of Rana temporaria and the psoas
      muscle of the mouse. The decrease in contractile activity was determined by
      comparing the rate of force redevelopment (at a given tension level) after a
      large (test) and a small (control) release step. Under standard experimental
      conditions (ionic strength: frog 135 mM, mouse 190 mM; Ca2+ 3.0 microM; Mg2+:
      frog 25 microM, mouse 100 microM; MgATP2-: frog 1.0 mM, mouse 2.0 mM) active
      shortening of 0.15 microns per sarcomere (in excess of control release) reduced
      the contractile activity by approximately 50% of the control in both frog and
      mouse muscle fibres. Full contractile activity was regained within less than 4 s
      during isometric activity after the shortening phase. The depressant effect of
      shortening was steadily reduced, to almost complete disappearance of the effect,
      by increasing the free calcium concentration within the range 1.5-12.0 microM.
      Similarly, an increase in ionic strength from 105 to 235 mM reduced the
      depressant effect by approximately 40%. In contrast, there was a progressive
      enhancement of the shortening effect as the magnesium ion concentration was
      increased from 25 to 590 microM. It is proposed that interaction between the
      myosin cross-bridges and the thin filament during sarcomere shortening leads to a
      decrease in troponin-calcium binding resulting in a temporary deactivation of the
      contractile system.

PMID- 6820232
TI  - Induced hyperosmolality effects on extracellular fluid volume, lymph flow and
      osmolar equilibrium: studies in the rat.
AB  - The effects of experimentally induced hyperosmolality has been studied in rats.
      Renal vascular pedicle ligation was performed on all animals to prevent renal
      clearance of the infused solute, xylose, and allow accurate ECF space
      determinations with 51Cr EDTA. Small volume hyperosmolar xylose infusions caused
      parallel elevation of the osmolality of thoracic duct lymph and arterial plasma.
      A positive correlation was obtained between lymph osmolality and flow
      alterations. The maximal osmolality elevation of 22 mosm X kg-1 H2O was
      associated with an intracellular fluid mobilisation which was equal to 7.1% of
      the ECF space. The infused and mobilised fluid volumes were distributed unequally
      between the intra and extra vascular compartments of the ECF.

PMID- 6820233
TI  - 51Cr EDTA determinations of the extracellular fluid volume in hemorrhage: a study
      with fed and starved rats.
AB  - Extracellular fluid volumes have been determined in fed and 24-30 h starved rats,
      before and after 60 min of hemorrhagic hypotension at 70 mmHg. Bilateral renal
      vascular ligation was carried out to prevent clearance of the isotope tracer
      used, 51Cr EDTA. The time taken for a bolus of the tracer to distribute itself in
      its space, was determined in fed and starved animals after the standard period of
      hypotension. This was found to be 37 min for fed animals, and 50 min for those
      which had been starved. When the isotope ECF space was compared before and after
      hemorrhage in fed animals, it was unchanged, despite an estimated blood volume
      loss of 39%. The isotope ECF space was reduced 5.5% after hemorrhage in animals
      which had been starved. It is concluded that fed rats mobilised intracellular
      fluid to the interstitium in hemorrhage, whereas, starved animals did not. This
      finding of variable fluid homeostasis is ascribed to the different nutritional
      status of the animals investigated, and has considerable implications.

PMID- 6820234
TI  - Experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. Clinical, serological and
      pathological examinations of vixens after oral and intrauterine inoculation.

PMID- 6820235
TI  - Experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. Clinical and serological
      examinations of affected pups.

PMID- 6820236
TI  - [Blood group distribution in patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome].

PMID- 6820237
TI  - Failure to thrive during infancy in siblings of pediatric cancer patients.

PMID- 6820238
TI  - [Usefulness of evaluating the probability of homozygotism with regard to the Dd
      features of the Rh system in the father in comparison with the homozygotism of
      the child in cases of disputed paternity].

PMID- 6820239
TI  - [Artificial alimentation and emergency surgery].

PMID- 6820240
TI  - The effects of neurotensin on anterior pituitary hormone secretion.
AB  - The present experiments were conducted to determine the effects of neurotensin on
      secretion of a variety of anterior pituitary hormones. Conscious rats with
      indwelling cannulae in the third ventricle and external jugular vein were used
      and the effects on plasma hormone levels measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Neurotensin was found to decrease plasma prolactin levels in ovariectomized
      females, normal males, and males in which prolactin levels had been elevated by
      ether or by a combination of fluoxetine and 5-hydroxytryptaphane. The prolactin
      lowering effect was blocked by alpha-methyl-tyrosine to inhibit catecholamine
      synthesis and by the specific dopamine receptor blocker, spiroperidol. In
      ovariectomized females, neurotensin was also capable of suppressing LH and
      elevating growth hormone following its intraventricular injection. Intravenous
      injection of the peptide elevated prolactin but had no effect on the release of
      the other pituitary hormones. When hemipituitaries of ovariectomized rats were
      incubated in vitro, neurotensin elevated prolactin and TSH release into the
      medium. The minimal effective dose to elevate prolactin and TSH release was 50
      ng/ml. Release of gonadotropins and growth hormone was unaffected. It is
      concluded that neurotensin inhibits prolactin release by a CNS, presumably
      hypothalamic action, to stimulate the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.
      The dopamine released then inhibits prolactin release either by a direct action
      on the pituitary or by release of another prolactin-inhibiting factor. In
      addition, the peptide has a direct prolactin-releasing action on the pituitary.
      Neurotensin can inhibit LH and stimulate growth hormone presumably by a
      hypothalamic action since there was no effect on the release of these pituitary
      hormones by glands incubated in vitro. Although the peptide had no effect on TSH
      release following its intraventricular injection, it stimulated prolactin release
      by pituitaries incubated in vitro. The physiological significance of these
      results is not yet established; however, the presence of the peptide in regions
      concerned with pituitary control suggests that it may play a physiological role.

PMID- 6820242
TI  - Effects of neurotensin on the actions of barbiturates and ethanol.

PMID- 6820243
TI  - Neurotensin and thermoregulation.

PMID- 6820241
TI  - Effects of neurotensin on hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion.

PMID- 6820244
TI  - Induction of catalepsy by central nervous system administration of neurotensin.

PMID- 6820245
TI  - Synthesis of factor VIII by endothelial cells.

PMID- 6820246
TI  - Interactions of platelets and leukocytes with vascular endothelium: in vitro
      studies.
AB  - Our studies suggest that the interactions of blood cells with cultured
      endothelial monolayers mimic in vivo phenomena, thus providing potentially useful
      in vitro experimental models. For example, normal endothelial cells in culture
      show little tendency to react with platelets, similar to their behavior in vivo.
      Production of anti-aggregatory prostaglandins, such as prostacyclin, by cultured
      endothelial cells does not appear to be necessary for their non-thrombogenicity.
      Significant changes in platelet reactivity can be observed when endothelial cells
      are altered by certain stimuli. Analogous alterations in vivo might constitute a
      form of endothelial dysfunction relevant to thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In
      contrast to platelets, PMN leukocytes appear to show a preferential adherence to
      cultured endothelial monolayers. As our data indicate, this basal adhesion, which
      is observed in the absence of exogenous chemotactic agents or other stimuli, is
      neither dependent upon endogenous cyclooxygenase derivatives of arachidonate, nor
      inhibited by exogenous prostacyclin. However, certain anti-inflammatory drugs and
      other agents, that can interfere with the metabolism of arachidonate via
      lipoxygenase pathways, do significantly reduce basal PMN leukocyte-endothelial
      interactions. Further definition of the cellular and biochemical sites of action
      of these compounds may provide new insights into the mechanisms of the
      inflammatory response. Finally, given the vast repertoire of biologically active
      substances that platelets and leukocytes can secrete or generate, the regulation
      of blood cell interaction with endothelium may represent a key locus for
      pharmacological intervention in the treatment and prevention of vascular
      diseases.

PMID- 6820248
TI  - [Course of chronic brucellosis in mice is not improved by administration of a
      vaccinal antigen].
AB  - Of1 female Swiss mice inoculated with Brucella abortus virulent strain 544 since
      four weeks, were treated by subcutaneous injections of a B. abortus 19 cell-wall
      vaccine extracted by boiling sodium dodecylsulfate suspended in oil adjuvant (PG
      B19). Vaccinations were administered at 10 or 100 micrograms dose per mouse, two
      to four times, at 15-30 days interval. Groups of six mice were killed at 4 week
      intervals up to 24 weeks post challenge to follow the evolution of splenic
      infections by enumeration of brucella. No significant changes were elicited by
      treatments. Since in this system, infections evolve spontaneously and
      progressively toward self-cure, an additional antigenic stimulation is unable to
      improve the immune response efferent arc.

PMID- 6820247
TI  - Regulation of membrane assembly during development of sarcoplasmic reticulum: the
      possible role of calcium.

PMID- 6820249
TI  - [Similarity of various clinical aspects of protein-calorie malnutrition to
      copper, zinc and cobalt deficiencies in ruminants].
AB  - Following clinical observations carried out on numerous herds in different
      countries the authors show that many similarities exist between proteino
      energetic malnutrition and some symptoms of copper, zinc or cobalt deficiencies
      in ruminants. The probable origin of such a relationship is highlighted and the
      possible use of trace element therapy in livestock under malnutrition conditions
      is discussed.

PMID- 6820250
TI  - Characteristics of Togo strains of Brucella abortus from cattle.
AB  - Thirty Togolese strains of Brucella from cattle were classified as members of B.
      abortus biotype 3 by the recommended methods of the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of
      this genus. However two unusual characteristics distinguish the Togolese strains
      from the main group of B. abortus: their mean oxidative profile altered on four
      of the conventional substrates (L-asparagine, L-arabinose, D-galactose and D
      xylose) and their very slow growth on usual media. These two original
      characteristics are discussed from an epidemiological and taxonomical point of
      view.

PMID- 6820254
TI  - [Echocardiographic monitoring of vegetations in infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 6820252
TI  - [Reversed immunofixation. Practical realization and interpretation].

PMID- 6820253
TI  - [The surgical treatment of Prinzmetal's angina. Apropos of 58 cases].

PMID- 6820251
TI  - The pathway of nitrogen and reductive enzymes of denitrification.
AB  - Some recent studies on the pathway of nitrogen and the reductases of
      denitrification are reviewed. The available evidence suggests that while the
      intermediates of denitrification can remain enzyme-bound (presumably to nitrite
      reductase) prior to formation of N2O, NO and nitroxyl (HNO) can be released in
      part by certain bacteria. Release of NO is recognized by a nitrite/NO-15N
      exchange reaction and isotopic scrambling in product N2O; release of nitroxyl by
      Pseudomonas stutzeri is recognized by isotopic scrambling of nitrite and NO in
      product N2O in absence of exchange and affords evidence that the first N-N bond
      forms in denitrification at the N1+ redox level. The recent purification and
      partial characterization of nitrous oxide reductase are described. The ability of
      the dissimilatory nitrite reductase to activate nitrite for nitrosyl transfer
      affords a new chemical probe into the mechanism of action of this central enzyme.
      It would appear that reduction of nitrite is subject to electrophilic catalysis.
      18O studies show that dissociation of nitrite from nitrite reductase can be slow
      relative to competing reduction or nitrosyl transfer.

PMID- 6820255
TI  - [Echographic studies in the diagnosis of tamponade].

PMID- 6820258
TI  - [Spasm, stenosis and thrombosis. Their role in the genesis of myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - A 42 year old patient underwent coronary angiography 3 hours after the onset of
      inferior myocardial infarction with the object of local thrombolysis therapy.
      Complete proximal obstruction of the right coronary artery was relieved
      mechanically by the catheter. This was associated with a return of the ST segment
      to the isoelectric line but Q waves persisted in Lead III and AVF. A second
      injection showed 70 p. 100 stenosis at the site of the obstruction and the
      radiolucent appearances of thrombus below it. This was followed by 4 successive
      periods of ST elevation as the right coronary artery reoccluded. These phenomena
      were relieved by injection of nitroglycerine suggesting a spastic mechanism. The
      radiolucent image of thrombus disappeared and was replaced by amputation of a
      distal branch of the right coronary artery. Further coronary opacification showed
      good run-off beyond the stenosis and reappearance of the distal branch. This case
      suggests that three factors played a role in the mechanism of infarction:
      stenosis accompanied by spasm and thrombosis.

PMID- 6820256
TI  - [Can non-invasive methods predict the existence of an anterior interventricular
      stenosis following postero-inferior infarction?].

PMID- 6820257
TI  - [Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation].
AB  - The reliability of pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and
      quantification of tricuspid regurgitation was assessed by analysis of blood flow
      in the inferior vena cava in 28 patients. The inferior vena caval flow was
      sampled in the retrohepatic portion of the vessel from the subxiphoid region.
      Recordings from 10 normal patients were used to define criteria of normality.
      This was characterised by two anterograde components (one systolic and one
      diastolic); atrial contraction gave rise to an end diastolic retrograde
      component. In tricuspid incompetence, retrograde systolic blood flow was
      recorded. A Doppler index was calculated from the ratio of the maximal amplitude
      of systolic reflux to the maximal amplitude of anterograde diastolic flow. In the
      absence of tricuspid regurgitation, this index approximated 0. The average of
      this ratio over 10 consecutive beats was compared with the semi quantitative
      assessment of tricuspid regurgitation from selective right ventricular
      angiography. There were no false positive results, specificity was, therefore,
      100 p. 100. Six minimal regurgitations were not detected: sensitivity was
      therefore 74 p. 100. All moderate and severe regurgitations were detected, and
      the sensitivity for these cases was 100 p. 100. There was a close correlation (R
      = 0,89, p less than 0,01) between the Doppler index and the degree of
      regurgitation assessed by selective right ventricular angiography.

PMID- 6820259
TI  - [Myocardiopathy with lipid overload and leukocyte palmityl carnitine transferase
      (PCT) deficiency].
AB  - Histological changes of the skeletal muscle with moderate fatty infiltration and
      varied abnormalities of the muscle fibres and conjunctivo-vascular tissue were
      demonstrated in three adult patients with apparently primary cardiomyopathy with
      dilatation. Leukocyte PCT activity was decreased and plasma carnitine was
      increased. In two cases, postmortem cardiac biopsy showed a massive accumulation
      of lipids and an intense progressive fibrosis dissociating the atrial and
      ventricular cardiac fibres. A disturbance of lipid metabolism could be the cause
      of this cardiac and skeletal muscle disease, but the reduced PCT activity could
      be a sign of more diffuse myocardial disease as suggested by the fibrous lesions
      and vascular abnormalities observed in our cases. These cases emphasise the value
      of routine investigation of PCT activity in primary cardiomyopathy and of
      ultrastructural studies of skeletal muscle, even in the absence of clinical
      involvement, which may show relatively severe changes reflecting the state of the
      myocardium.

PMID- 6820260
TI  - [Spontaneous cardiac rhythm in patients wearing cardiac stimulators].
AB  - Cutaneous electrical stimulation allows inhibition of permanent on-demand cardiac
      pacemakers. The evolution of the spontaneous cardiac rhythm was studied, using
      this technique of inhibition in 164 patients paced for 4 to 16 years. At
      implantation, 117 patients (70 p. 100) had atrioventricular block, 45 patients
      (27 p. 100) had sinoatrial dysfunction and 2 patients had a carotid sinus
      syndrome. Of these 164 patients, 153 were symptomatic. Three groups were
      distinguished: - 41 patients (25 p. 100) with a spontaneous ventricular rhythm at
      each check-up; - 75 patients (46 p. 100) with an underlying ventricular rhythm
      recorded when the pacemaker was inhibited by cutaneous electrical stimulation; -
      48 patients (29 p. 100) with no underlying ventricular rhythm during 3 successive
      inhibitions of their pacemakers of 3 to 4 seconds duration on each occasion. All
      these patients had atrioventricular block at implantation; none had sinoatrial
      disease. In conclusion, disease of the atrioventricular conduction pathway,
      contrary to sinoatrial disease, leads to a prolonged absence of the spontaneous
      ventricular activity. This seems to be related to a longer survival of patients
      without associated pathology, and also suggests a degenerative cause of the
      atrioventricular block.

PMID- 6820261
TI  - [Prevalence and electrocardiographic forms of the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome].
AB  - In a routine electrocardiographic study of 133929 subjects aged from 20 to 73,
      136 cases of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were detected, 6 with
      intermittent pre-excitation. In this study, the prevelance of WPW was about 1 in
      a 1000, the highest incidence being in the 20-40 year age group with an equal sex
      ratio. The ECG analysis of the 136 cases consisted in determining the orientation
      of the delta wave in the precordial leads to establish the right or left
      ventricular origin of the pre-excitation, calculating the direction of the delta
      wave vector in the frontal plane to find out the anterior, lateral or posterior
      origin of the pre-excitation and analyse the position of the QRS axis to assess
      the appearances of the latest ventricular activity. The 136 ECGs were then
      classified according to electrophysiological criteria and the results of mapping:
      1. Left ventricular pre-excitation; 74 cases characterised by a dominant delta
      wave in the right precordial leads. These cases were subdivided into: - 30 cases
      with posterior paraseptal pre-excitation, axis of the delta wave deviated
      superiorly and to the left, between -30 degrees and -60 degrees; - 20 cases of
      lateral pre-excitation with the vector of the delta wave deviated inferiorly and
      to the right between +100 degrees and +120 degrees; - 24 cases of anterior
      paraseptal pre-excitation with high amplitude delta and QRS deflections in all
      precordial leads and a delta wave axis between +50 degrees and +80 degrees. 2.
      Right ventricular pre-excitation; 62 cases characterised by a negative or
      isoelectric delta wave in the right precordial leads, including: - 14 posterior
      paraseptal pre-excitation with significant delta wave axis deviation between -30
      degrees and -60 degrees; - 33 lateral pre-excitation with the delta and QRS axis
      pointing directly to the left at about 0 degrees; - 15 cases of anterior
      paraseptal pre-excitation with the delta wave axis between +50 degrees and +80
      degrees. The cases with terminal forces of left ventricular activation in the
      same direction as the delta wave, superiorly and to the left at -60 degrees or
      inferiorly and to the right at +120 degrees, forming a single deflection of over
      0,12 seconds' duration, are the result of delayed activation of the anterior or
      posterior fascicle of the left bundle after a long delay. On the other hand, the
      cases in which the direction of the pre-excitation is the same but the final part
      of ventricular activation moves away from the delta are probably the result of
      tension between the activation of the normal and accessory pathways.

PMID- 6820262
TI  - [Hemodynamic classification of intra-auricular communication].

PMID- 6820263
TI  - [The electrophysiologic effects of intravenously administered bepridil].
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of intravenous bepridil were studied at doses of
      2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. The drug was tested on 25 patients of both sexes who were
      undergoing electrophysiological investigation for other reasons (11 normal ECGs,
      11 pathological ECGs, 3 WPW syndromes). Electrophysiological parameters before
      and after bepridil were compared. The following changes were noted: - the
      refractory period was significantly prolonged at all conducting levels; - the
      sinus cycle was significantly lengthened in a practically constant fashion (+9,2
      p. 100); - conduction in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes was
      significantly prolonged (+15 p. 100 and + 11 p. 100); - the Luciani-Wenckebach
      point was significantly decreased in the anterograde, and even more so in the
      retrograde, directions (-20 and -23 p. 100 respectively); - however, infrahisian
      conduction was not affected either in patients with normal or pathological ECGs.
      The drug was effective in blocking the accessory pathway in two of the three
      patients with the WPW syndrome. A study of drug plasma levels did not show a dose
      effect relationship. The plasma levels were extremely variable from one subject
      to another, suggesting tissue fixation of the active part of the molecule. These
      results demonstrate the valuable electrophysiological effects of bepridil which,
      by its mode of action, is very similar to amiodarone.

PMID- 6820264
TI  - [Myocardial infarction due to acute right coronary thrombosis. Treatment with in
      situ fibrinolysis, absence of angiographic residual stenosis].
AB  - The case of a 44 year old patient with inaugural postero-diaphragmatic myocardial
      infarction is reported. Coronary angiography performed at the 3 rd hour showed
      total occlusion of the right coronary artery at the level of its second segment.
      A streptokinase perfusion through a Judkins' catheter positioned in the ostium of
      the right coronary artery using Rentrop's technique, resulted in recanalisation
      of the vessel at the 45 th minute. Control coronary angiography on the 10 th day
      showed an angiographically normal right coronary circulation. The clinical course
      was complicated by a recurrence on the 12 th day with a new occlusion at the same
      level. This observation confirms: - the reality of acute coronary thrombosis as a
      mechanism of myocardial infarction in the absence of significant underlying
      atherosclerotic stenosis. - the value of early fibrinolytic therapy in situ for
      limitation of the infarcted myocardial tissues.

PMID- 6820266
TI  - [Enzyme immunoassay to demonstrate antibodies against Brucella abortus in the
      sera of cattle].

PMID- 6820265
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the heart diagnosed with bidimensional echography. Apropos of a
      case].
AB  - A hydatid cyst of the left ventricular posterior wall was diagnosed by 2D
      echocardiography in a 36 year old North African patient presenting with
      exertional dyspnoea and atypical chest pain. Clinical examination was negative
      but the surface ECG showed inverted T-waves in the infero-lateral leads. Postero
      anterior and lateral chest X rays were initially interpreted as normal but 2D
      echocardiography immediately revealed a cystic cardiac tumour which very probably
      was hydatid, given the patient's origin. Thorough investigation showed no other
      localisations and hydatid serology was also negative. Left ventricular and
      selective coronary angiography were performed to determine the vascular
      relationships of the cyst: ablation was carried out under cardiopulmonary bypass
      and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid disease.

PMID- 6820267
TI  - [Conditions for virus purification and concentration by means of differential
      centrifugation].

PMID- 6820268
TI  - [Hepatitis virus and pregnancy. Our experience].
AB  - The importance of perinatal infection in the mother-foetus transmission of HbsAg
      positive hepatitis is stressed. The role of type A hepatitis has no influence and
      that of the NANB is little known. The Authors maintain that in no case is the
      hepatitis virus a valid motive for the interruption of pregnancy, even when it
      occurs in the first months of gestation.

PMID- 6820269
TI  - [Effect of glutaraldehyde on the species-specific antigenicity of xenogeneic
      cartilage].
AB  - Present results showed that an extract of xenogeneic cartilage may inhibit the
      complement activity of human serum, while an extract of xenogeneic cartilage
      treated with glutaraldehyde may enhance this effect. This finding suggested that
      treatment with glutaraldehyde does not decrease species-specific antigenicity of
      xenogeneic cartilage.

PMID- 6820270
TI  - [Species-specific antigenicity of xenogeneic bone treated with glutaraldehyde].
AB  - Present results showed that an extract of xenogeneic bone may inhibit the
      complement activity of some human sera, while an extract of xenogeneic bone
      treated with glutaraldehyde may show a lower inhibiting effect. This finding
      suggested that a preventive treatment in vitro with glutaraldehyde significantly
      decreases species-specific antigenicity of bone tissue.

PMID- 6820271
TI  - [Pseudomonas: microbiological aspects and sensitivity to tobramycin and
      gentamycin].
AB  - 97 Strains of Pseudomonas, which were isolated from patients at the hospital of
      Cremona, have been examined in order to evaluate the validity of some
      identification tests together with the API 20 system. The authors have also
      compared the activity of gentamicin with that of tobramycin against these strains
      isolated recently and strains that had been previously isolated (1976) at the
      same hospital. The decrease in tobramycin's activity was higher than that of
      gentamicin.

PMID- 6820272
TI  - [Hemodynamic study of the indeterminate form of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6820273
TI  - [Etiological treatment of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6820274
TI  - Inhibition of fructolysis in boar spermatozoa by the male antifertility agent (S)
      alpha-chlorohydrin.
AB  - The (S)-isomer of the male antifertility agent alpha-chlorohydrin strongly
      inhibited the oxidative metabolism of fructose by boar spermatozoa in vitro. The
      result of this action, which has been deduced to be an inhibition of
      glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, caused an accumulation of fructose-1,6
      bisphosphate and the triosephosphates, and a decrease in substrate-level
      phosphorylation with a concomitant lowering of the energy charge potential of the
      spermatozoa. The (R)-isomer of alpha-chlorohydrin had no inhibitory activity on
      fructolysis. A study of the comparative metabolism of (R)-[3-36Cl]-alpha
      chlorohydrin and (R,S)-[3-36Cl]-alpha-chlorohydrin by boar spermatozoa showed
      that it is the (S)-isomer that specifically undergoes a process of oxidative
      metabolism to (R)-3-chlorolactaldehyde. It is proposed that this endogenous
      oxidation product, which has the same absolute configuration as the substrate for
      glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, is the active metabolite of (S)-alpha
      chlorohydrin that inhibits this enzyme. Exogenous (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde
      inhibited the oxidative metabolism of fructose by boar spermatozoa, apparently by
      a mechanism similar to that of (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin.

PMID- 6820275
TI  - An alternative staffing pattern for domiciliary care: registered nurses and
      substitute relatives.

PMID- 6820276
TI  - The comparative tuberculin test in guinea pigs using PPD extracts prepared from
      mycobacteria killed with phenol.
AB  - Purified-protein-derivative (PPD) extracts were prepared from Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis (PPD-S), M. bovis (PPD-BS), M. avium (PPD-A) and M. kansasii (PPD
      K), after killing the cultures with phenol. The reactions were assessed in guinea
      pigs sensitised to a range of mycobacteria, with a view to selecting a suitable
      pairing of the extracts to distinguish sensitivity due to M. tuberculosis or M.
      bovis from that due to other mycobacteria. Sensitisation induced by M. bovis was
      best distinguished from others using PPD-S and PPD-A; for sensitisation by
      atypical mycobacteria, PPD-BS was better than PPD-S, used with either PPD-K or
      PPD-A. PPD-BS was more specific than PPD-S. Using PPD-BS, PPD-A and PPD-K in a
      comparative test, 3 groups were recognised: those sensitive to M. bovis or M.
      tuberculosis (greatest reaction was to PPD-BS); those sensitive to M. avium, M.
      intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (greatest reaction was to PPD-A); those
      sensitive to M. kansasii, M. marium, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum (greatest
      reaction was to PPD-K).

PMID- 6820277
TI  - [Results of dissection of zoo and domestic animals (study results 1977-1981)].

PMID- 6820278
TI  - A comparison of the isoelectric points of mouse liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      enzymes conjugating the twelve benzo[a]pyrene phenols.

PMID- 6820279
TI  - An in vivo requirement for calcium in Photosystem II of Anacystis nidulans.

PMID- 6820280
TI  - Queuosine deficient tRNAHis and tRNAAsp from the spleens of young mice,
      erythroleukemic tumoral spleens and cultured Friend cells.

PMID- 6820282
TI  - Isolation of a human urinary trypsin inhibitor.

PMID- 6820281
TI  - Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists inhibit the proton gradients associated with non
      cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts.

PMID- 6820283
TI  - Characterization of a variant of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using monoclonal
      and polyclonal anti-CEA antibodies.

PMID- 6820284
TI  - [Procedures for detecting the presence of Triatoma infestans in dwellings].

PMID- 6820285
TI  - [Experimental infection of rats with Trypanosoma cruzi by oral route].

PMID- 6820286
TI  - [Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mothers and sons in a section of the
      northern area of Santiago].

PMID- 6820287
TI  - [Chagas seropositivity in a blood bank in an endemic zone. Some epidemiological
      aspects of the blood donors].

PMID- 6820288
TI  - [Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic animals in rural sections of the IV
      Region, Chile].

PMID- 6820290
TI  - [. . . and still more on: continuous enteral hyperalimentation in nursing infants
      using an elemental diet].

PMID- 6820289
TI  - [Domicilliary Triatomidae infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Region
      III of Atacama, Chile].

PMID- 6820291
TI  - [Effect of acute intravenous administration of thyroliberin on circulating
      reverse-T3].
AB  - Some of the Authors previously demonstrated a significant precocious serum T3
      increase after 200 micrograms TRH acute intravenous administration (TRH test).
      Reverse-T3 (rT3) is now known to interfere with T4 conversion to T3. We therefore
      compared spontaneously occurring to TRH test-induced changes in T3 and rT3 serum
      levels within a group of four healthy women in fertile age. Maximum rT3 increase
      during TRH test did not differ significantly from the maximum spontaneous
      variation at the same time of the day. Maximum T3 increase, on the contrary, was
      significantly higher than observed maximum spontaneous variation (0,81 ng/ml
      versus 0,39 ng/ml increase, p less than 0,01). Possible implications are
      discussed in the text.

PMID- 6820292
TI  - [Comparison between spontaneous changes in circulating triiodothyronine (T3 and
      reverse-T3) and those induced by acute intravenous administration of
      thyroliberin].
AB  - Some of the Authors had previously observed a slight-non significant decrease in
      T3 serum levels 10 minutes after TRH intravenous administration. On the other
      hand, it is now well known that reverse T3 (rT3) inhibits T4 conversion to T3. We
      therefore investigated the changes in T3 and rT3 serum levels within the first
      ten minutes of a 200 micrograms TRH test in a group of 10 healthy women in
      fertile age. No significant change in T3 was demonstrated. On the other hand, rT3
      showed a significant-yet slight-decrease 6 minutes after TRH injection (from 0,27
      to 0,21 ng/ml, p less than 0,05). Some feasible explanations for this phenomenon
      are given in the text.

PMID- 6820293
TI  - Treatment with antitheta serum affects hemopoietic stem cell HSC proliferation in
      an in vivo culture system.
AB  - Marrow cells from normal WBB6F1 +/+ mice were treated in vitro with either anti
      Thy 1.2 serum and complement (C') or normal mouse serum (NMS) and C' and then
      they were cultured in diffusion chambers implanted into peritoneal cavity of
      Balb/c mice. Following 1-19 days of culture, chamber contents were injected into
      W/Wv mice to test for either the capacity to form spleen colonies or to cure the
      W/Wv anemia. In contrast to NMS-treated marrow, anti-Thy 1.2 serum treated marrow
      hemopoietic stem cells almost completely failed to proliferate in this system.
      Number of cells per chamber upon termination of culture was less affected.

PMID- 6820294
TI  - [Laboratories: their role in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis].

PMID- 6820295
TI  - [The status of Mycobacterium africanum in West Africa].

PMID- 6820296
TI  - [Isolation of M. africanum from German patients].

PMID- 6820298
TI  - [Aflatoxins. They are not only in peanuts].

PMID- 6820297
TI  - The effect of sodium salicylate on cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - 1 The effect of intravenous sodium salicylate on cerebral oxygen consumption and
      cerebral blood flow and its response to hypercapnia was measured by the 133Xenon
      intracarotid injection technique in ten baboons. 2 After an initial peak, the
      plasma salicylate level maintained a stable value for 2 h of 1 mmol/l with 50
      mg/kg sodium salicylate and 2.5 mmol/l with 200 mg/kg sodium salicylate. 3 Sodium
      salicylate (50 mg/kg) produced no change in baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) or
      cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) but the CBF response to hypercapnia was
      reduced by 41% during the first hour. During the second hour after salicylate
      administration, CMRO2 increased by 26%, CBF at normocapnia increased by 31% and
      the CBF response to hypercapnia was 67% of the baseline value. 4 Sodium
      salicylate (200 mg/kg) increased CMRO2 by 65%. There was no significant change in
      CBF at normocapnia or hypercapnia. 5 These results confirm that inhibitors of
      prostaglandin synthesis, which can cross the blood brain barrier in sufficient
      quantity, reduce the response of the cerebral circulation to hypercapnia. The
      difficulties in interpreting changes in the CBF CO2 response in the presence of
      increases in CMRO2 are discussed. It is suggested that the respiratory
      stimulation seen in salicylate intoxication is the result of a central metabolic
      stimulation.

PMID- 6820299
TI  - [Role of iron and a siderophore in the development of bacterial infections in the
      mouse: the study of two bacteria and three routes of inoculation].
AB  - We have studied the influence of ferric iron and the influence of a siderophore
      on the lethal activity of two Bacteria injected in Mice intraperitoneally
      intravenously or orally. Iron and the siderophore significatively increase the
      lethal activity of an avirulent Bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae, injected
      intraperitoneally or intravenously. The virulence of a Bacteria pathogen for
      Mice, Salmonella typhimurium, is also increased when injected intraperitoneally.
      Therefore we have noted a decrease in virulence when this Bacteria was injected
      intravenously or orally in Mice treated with the siderophore.

PMID- 6820300
TI  - [Enzymatic release of sedimentary bacteria in the presence of antibiotics].
AB  - Polysaccharases release microorganisms from their natural seat, marine sediments
      for example. The enzymatic activity works both on the microbial adherence
      polysaccharides and on the support surfaces (cellulose, pectine, etc.). Dosages
      of glucose confirm polysaccharase activity. An association of bacitracine,
      thiophenicol and a few enzymes: cellulase, pectinase, amyloglucosidase, alpha
      amylase, hyaluronidase, release a considerable number of bacteria. The culture on
      specific mediums confirm the specificity of this release. E. coli polyresistant
      strain where isolated by amylo-glucosidase, glucuronidase association in a
      mixture of thiophenicol and bacitracine. Bacillus and other Gram positive
      bacteria are frequently isolated by this method. The number of colonizer
      microorganisms on solid media are considerably higher with sediments treated by
      enzymes, or by enzyme, antibiotic mixtures, than with untreated ones.

PMID- 6820301
TI  - [Some aspects of the genetic toxicity of methylmercury in yeasts].
AB  - Methylmercury chloride is a powerful inhibitor of the cell cycle in Yeasts. Its
      effect is reversible at low doses. It does not induce any nuclear mutation (at
      least among the ones we tested). Neither does it increase the amounts of intra
      and inter-genic conversions induced by a variety of mutagenic agents. However, in
      co-treatment with some carcinogens and mutagens, it causes a drastic depressive
      effect on survival.

PMID- 6820303
TI  - [Precocious production of mullerian inhibitor by the fetal rabbit testis].
AB  - The production of mullerian inhibitor (or anti-mullerian hormone) by the testes
      of the Rabbit fetus was studied in vitro by co-culturing them with castrated
      genital tracts from 14.5 day old female Rat fetuses for three days. Under these
      conditions testes from 14 day old Rabbit fetuses were inactive. The testes from
      15, 16 and 17 day old fetuses in which seminiferous cords are forming, had anti
      mullerian activity, the older the stronger. In vivo this activity does not
      prevent the Mullerian ducts from growing in male Rabbits as well as in females
      until near to day 20; in vitro the fetal Rat ducts also grew in length despite
      the testicular anti-mullerian activity.

PMID- 6820302
TI  - [A new technic for the study of the physiology of erythrocytes: measurement of
      their deformability as a function of osmolarity. Results obtained by an
      automatized Ektacytometer in normal blood and in various hemolytic anemias].
AB  - A system has been added to the Ektacytometer to allow continuous variation and
      measurement of the osmolarity of the suspension medium from 50 to 500 mosm kg-1
      permitting the analysis of erythrocyte deformability over a range varying from
      hypo- to hypertonicity. The curves are obtained automatically in 7 min. from a
      blood sample of 150 microliters. The "minimum index" observed in hypotonicity
      indicates that the cells are non-deformable at this point just preceding
      hemolysis. The osmolarity at which this index occurs provides a measure of the
      osmotic fragility of the sample. In hypertonicity there is a zero index,
      corresponding to non-deformable cells, which occurs at an osmolarity dependent on
      the original internal viscosity of the cells. This "null index" introduces the
      notion of erythrocyte resistance to deformation in hypertonicity. This new
      technique permits the evaluation of the erythrocyte response to various factors
      affecting their shape, internal viscosity or membrane flexibility. We present and
      discuss examples of curves obtained with normal blood before and after
      fractionation by density and after treatment with cystamine, as well as
      pathological bloods from two hemolytic anemias (hereditary spherocytosis and
      sickle cell anemia).

PMID- 6820305
TI  - [Protective effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the heterologous phase of
      glomerulonephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies].
AB  - Treatment by procyanidolic oligomers can significantly decrease the proteinuria
      indiced in the Rat by intravenous injection of anti glomerular basement membranes
      antibodies. Immunohistological analysis shows that procyanidolic oligomers do not
      interfere with the mechanisms of immunopathological injury involved in this model
      (antibody binding to glomerular basement membrane, complement activation,
      glomerular influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes). Their protective effect may
      be due to an increased resistance of the glomerular capillary to the inflammatory
      mediators released by neutrophils.

PMID- 6820306
TI  - [Proliferation and differentiation of a myogenic line in synthetic media].
AB  - When plated in plastic culture dishes, muscle cells of the L6 cell line are
      unable to proliferate or to differentiate in a synthetic medium composed of
      Dulbecco's Minimal Essential medium (DME), bovine fetuin (1 mg/ml) and bovine
      insulin (10 micrograms/ml). In contrast, these cells will proliferate and
      differentiate morphologically and biochemically in this medium if the culture
      dishes have been previously treated with DME containing fetal Calf serum.
      Pretreatment of dishes does not increase cell attachment in synthetic medium but
      seems to act as a factor increasing cell viability.

PMID- 6820304
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of the chick oviduct with antibodies to the
      progesterone receptor].
AB  - Three antibody preparations against the progesterone receptor (PR) were used: a
      Rabbit and a Goat immunoglobulin fraction, and a monoclonal antibody. Oviducts
      were stimulated by administration of estradiol to the animals in order to obtain
      different cell types, particularly the epithelial and glandular cells which
      synthesize the egg white proteins under progesterone control. Using an
      immunoperoxidase technique, all three antibodies reacted with antigens in more
      than half the cells of the luminal epithelium. The specificity was shown by the
      extinction of the reaction by PR added to the antibodies, and by negative
      controls in absence of antibodies to PR. The results strongly suggest the
      presence of PR in epithelial cells. Remarkably, glandular cells did not react
      with antibodies to PR. This observation and problems raised by cross-reactivity
      of antibodies with glucocorticosteroid receptor are discussed.

PMID- 6820307
TI  - [Calcium-dependent liberation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate after depolarization of
      rat brain slices].
AB  - The release of gamma-hydroxybutyrate from preloaded Rat brain striatal slices was
      investigated. Potassium induced depolarisation caused an efflux of gamma
      hydroxybutyrate in the incubation medium. This release is significantly decreased
      by a calcium free medium, containing magnesium salt and EGTA. Taking into account
      our previous results concerning synthesis, uptake and binding of gamma
      hydroxybutyrate, this calcium-dependent release strongly suggest a possible role
      of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in neurotransmission in the C.N.S.

PMID- 6820308
TI  - [Noradrenaline and plasticity of the visual cortex of the kitten: a
      reexamination].
AB  - We have undertaken a study of the role of the noradrenergic system in the
      functional modifications, observed in the primary visual cortex of the Kitten,
      following monocular deprivation. The lids of one eye were sutured in 5 week old
      Kittens for a period of 1 or 2 weeks. Noradrenergic depletion was obtained by 6
      OHDA injection, either intraventricular or localized in the coeruleus complex.
      Our results indicate that disappearance of noradrenaline in area 17 does not
      prevent the loss of binocularity of cortical cells, but appears to limit ocular
      dominance shifts at a stage equivalent to that observed in the intact Kitten
      after 6 days of monocular deprivation.

PMID- 6820309
TI  - [Cerebellar disfacilitation after pharmacological destruction of the inferior
      olive].
AB  - The total selective destruction of the inferior olive by 3-acetylpyridine
      produces a marked increase in the metabolic activity at the intracerebellar
      nuclei. This increase is locally suppressed by partial ablation or local
      inactivation of the corresponding regions in the cerebellar cortex, suggesting
      its localization in the intranuclear presynaptic terminals of the Purkinje cells.
      In a second series of experiments, it is demonstrated that Purkinje cells of the
      cerebellar cortex deprived of their climbing fibers and therefore of their
      complex spikes by destruction of the inferior olive, increase their firing
      frequency of simple spikes. As a consequence, there is a decreased frequency of
      discharge of their target neurones in the intracerebellar nuclei; the net result
      of suppression of the inferior olive is thus an increased cortico-nuclear
      inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6820312
TI  - [Production of monoclonal antibody anti-antigen 5 for Trypanosoma cruzi].
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi have been produced by fusion of
      Sp 2/0 myeloma cells and splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c Mice immunized with a T.
      cruzi antigenic fraction. Antigenic studies of these monoclonal antibodies have
      led to the identification of IgG 1 antibody against the component 5 specific for
      T. cruzi (cellular clone II 190/151). These monoclonal antibodies will give rise
      not only to new diagnostic and epidemiological perspectives but will also aid in
      achieving a better understanding of the biological role of this antigen.

PMID- 6820311
TI  - [Effect of a low molecular weight heparin derivative on the release of lipolytic
      activity in the blood].

PMID- 6820310
TI  - [A protease of the external membrane of Escherichia coli sensitive to
      environmental conditions. Its relations with the expression of envZ gene].
AB  - A mutant strain (called Cpr), devoid of the outer membrane protease that cleaves
      colicin A, has been isolated. The location on the genetic map of the cpr locus as
      well as its pleiotropic effects concerning chiefly: the protein composition of
      the outer membrane, sensitivity to phages and colicins, alteration in protease
      activity (cpr), are very similar to the location on the genetic map and to
      phenotypic properties observed in strains tpo, perA or envZ which are altered in
      the ompB locus. Conditions resulting in inhibition of the colicin A protease
      activity also result in transcriptional regulation of OmpF, OmpC and LamB
      proteins synthesis. The possibility for this protease to be an osmosensor of the
      cell's external environment is discussed.

PMID- 6820313
TI  - [Demonstration of maturation promoting factor activity in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae].
AB  - Microinjection of a crude yeast extract into fully grown immature Xenopus laevis
      oocytes induces the reinitiation of meiotic maturation as does Xenopus laevis
      oocyte MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) by itself. Using several strains of
      yeast exhibiting temperature sensitive cell cycle block (cdc), it was observed
      that yeast extract exhibits MPF activity only when obtained during the time
      interval from the G2 period to the metaphase. This observation stresses
      eucaryotic ubiquity of MPF.

PMID- 6820314
TI  - [1st immunocytochemical application of an anti-dopamine antibody in the study of
      the central nervous system].
AB  - An antibody against dopamine was raised in Rabbits by means of an immunogen
      constituting dopamine coupled to bovine serum albumin by formaldehyde. These
      antibodies were applied to frozen sections of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) brain
      fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde. The localisation of immunoreactive structures
      corresponded to regions rich in dopamine detected by histofluorescence. The
      specificity of this antiserum tested with the aid of dopamine analogues coupled
      with a carrying protein different from that of the antibody, indicates its
      validity as a method for the detection of dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 6820315
TI  - [Immunomicrospheres and their application].

PMID- 6820316
TI  - [Natural latex agglutination inhibition test--a method for rapid identification
      of the specific venom in snakebite].

PMID- 6820317
TI  - [Cytotoxic activity of human macrophage against human malignant cell lines].

PMID- 6820318
TI  - [Selective hepatic arteriography in the diagnosis of liver cancer].

PMID- 6820319
TI  - [Plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase (D beta H) changes in hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 6820320
TI  - [Dynamic electrocardiographic changes in chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 6820321
TI  - [Dynamic observations on the dengue virus antigen carrying rate of Aedes
      albopictus in Foshan district of Guangdong Province].

PMID- 6820322
TI  - [Short-time and low-frequency atrial stimulation for the determination of
      sinoatrial conduction time].

PMID- 6820323
TI  - [Uterine leiomyosarcoma].

PMID- 6820324
TI  - [Analysis of 24 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma].

PMID- 6820325
TI  - [High altitude dry atrophic bronchitis].

PMID- 6820326
TI  - [Cell-mediated cytotoxicity].

PMID- 6820327
TI  - [Clinical study on jaundice in China].

PMID- 6820328
TI  - [Positional vertigo].

PMID- 6820329
TI  - Production of kojic acid by resuspended mycelia of Aspergillus flavus.
AB  - Efforts have been made to develop a simple chemically defined resuspended
      mycelial system which may be used for carrying out fundamental studies regarding
      the mechanism of kojic acid biosynthesis. As a first step. it was found that
      mycelia grown in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium and resuspended in YES medium
      or in 0.2 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, supplemented with 20% glucose or sucrose
      produced kojic acid almost to the same extent as in the case of growth medium. No
      kojic acid was formed if buffers or media used for resuspension lacked
      carbohydrate. Intact mycelia preincubated in buffer alone for 7 days and 3-week
      old mycelia could still form kojic acid in large amounts if resuspended in buffer
      containing glucose. The amount of kojic acid produced by the intact mycelia was
      found to be more than that produced by the disrupted mycelia. In contrast with
      static resuspension studies, when Aspergillus flavus mycelia were resuspended in
      flasks placed on a rotary shaker, much smaller amounts of kojic acid were
      synthesized.

PMID- 6820330
TI  - Immunosuppression, nonspecific B-cell activation, and mitogenic activity
      associated with a high molecular weight component from Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - A high molecular component of a saline extract derived from Listeria
      monocytogenes contained amino acids, carbohydrates, and phosphorus. The same
      fraction was capable of promoting both the in vitro mitogenic and adjuvant
      activities and the in vivo immunosuppressive activity displayed by the crude
      extract. The material was mitogenic to B but not to T lymphocytes in vitro.
      Responses to sheep and horse erythrocytes as well as to lipopolysaccharide were
      suppressed. Immunosuppression was dose dependent and was present at 1, 2, or 3
      days but absent 7 days after injection. Both primary and secondary responses to
      sheep erythrocytes were impaired.

PMID- 6820331
TI  - Establishment of cell cultures persistently infected with spotted fever group
      rickettsiae.
AB  - A cell line was established from the tunica vaginalis of meadow voles, Microtus
      pennsylvanicus, which could be persistently infected with the spotted fever group
      rickettsiae, Rickettsia rickettsii, R. rhipicephali, and R. slovaca. As
      determined by light and electron microscopy, all cells in the cultures became
      infected and remained so even after 20 serial passages over a period of months.
      The rickettsiae-infected vole cell line is an excellent experimental model to
      study the noncytolytic host-cell interactions required for persistence of spotted
      fever group rickettsiae in nature.

PMID- 6820332
TI  - Ketone interference in estimation of urinary creatinine; effect on creatinine
      clearance in diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - Acetoacetate is known to spuriously raise serum creatinine concentration in
      patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Its effect on urinary creatinine has not
      been studied. Since the renal threshold for ketoacids is low, large amounts of
      acetoacetate may be present in the urine of uncontrolled diabetics. We
      investigated this interference using three different automated analysers. We
      found that +3 or +4 reactions with Ketostix, equivalent to greater than 10 - 15
      mmol/L of acetoacetate caused significant interference with the Abbott VP and
      Beckman Astra instruments. This could cause errors in the calculation of
      creatinine clearance especially when serum creatinine is close to a normal level.
      We recommend that measurement of creatinine clearance be delayed until better
      diabetic control is achieved or the creatinine be measured by a method which is
      free from ketone interference, e.g., by the Dupont aca.

PMID- 6820333
TI  - Cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome: a variant of Fukuyama congenital cerebromuscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Familial occurrence of cerebral malformations with muscular dystrophy was
      described by Fukuyama as congenital cerebromuscular dystrophy. We have observed a
      new syndrome belonging to the same group in three siblings. These syndromes
      differ in the degree of CNS involvement and abnormalities in the eye. The main
      clinical characteristics of our cohort were dysmorphic face, hypotonia,
      areflexia, failure to thrive, corneal opacity, cataract, dysgenesis of the
      anterior chamber of the eye, and death within the 1st year of life. Hydrocephalus
      and agyria were verified by computed tomography. Neuropathologic examination
      demonstrated malformations of the CNS. The agyric hemispheres with polymicrogyria
      in several cortical segments and severe cortical disorganization in other
      segments represented the principal anomaly. Congenital muscular dystrophy was
      also found. The CNS anomalies demonstrated a long-lasting pathologic process
      extending to involve the eye and muscle, which is most likely an inborn error of
      metabolism with autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 6820334
TI  - [Neuronal activity in the basal ganglia of the behaving monkey: insights into
      function and pathophysiology of clinical disorders].

PMID- 6820335
TI  - Collagen-like peptides in crystalline pepsin preparations.

PMID- 6820336
TI  - Hormonal consequences of "missing the pill".

PMID- 6820337
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations with vaginal devices releasing
      levonorgestrel at a constant, near zero order rate.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of vaginal devices releasing
      levonorgestrel (L-NOG) at a constant rate (in vitro release: approximately 20
      micrograms/day) were studied in a group of 20 normally menstruating women during
      a period of 90 days of continuous use. Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn
      two or three times (in the great majority of subjects, on Mondays, Wednesdays and
      Fridays) during a pretreatment (control) cycle, during 90 days of exposure and
      during the first week following the removal of the device, and the levels of L
      NOG, estradiol and progesterone were analyzed by radioimmunoassay techniques. In
      8 of these subjects, endometrial biopsies were also taken during days 23 to 25 of
      the control cycle, and then 6 and 10 weeks following the insertion of the
      devices. In addition, the initial absorption rate and removal half-life of L-NOG
      were assessed in 7 subjects using the devices for a period of 8 days only.
      Following insertion of the devices, the levels of L-NOG rose very rapidly, and
      reached the final "plateau" in some 30 minutes' time. This was followed by a
      limited period of "burst" with doubling the levels for a few hours, after which
      the levels remained stable and diminished very slowly in a linear fashion with an
      average decline of 23-26% during 90 days, corresponding to a daily decrease of
      0.2 to 0.3 per cent. The removal half-life (first compartment) after 90 days of
      exposure in 19 subjects was 16.1 (13.7-18.6) hours. Sixty-nine treatment segments
      of 30 days were studied with frequent hormone assays; of these, 20 (or 29%) were
      anovulatory, 13 (19%) exhibited inadequate luteal function, and 32 (52%) had
      normal ovulatory-like cycles. All endometrial biopsies obtained during the
      pretreatment cycle were normal secretory; of the 16 biopsies obtained during
      treatment, 4 were suppressed, 2 proliferative, 6 secretory, and 4 could not be
      dated because of bleeding. An assessment of the bleeding profiles during exposure
      to L-NOG revealed almost a doubling of the number of days with bleeding and
      spotting (35% compared to 18% during the pretreatment cycle). However,
      significantly more frequent bleeding was found in the 20 anovulatory segments
      (37.3%) than in the 36 normal ovulatory-like ones (27.7%). It is concluded that
      differences in the frequency of bleeding and spotting with low-dose progestogens
      may reflect differences in the frequency of ovulation inhibition just as much as
      differences in the hormonal profiles of the compounds administered.

PMID- 6820338
TI  - Effect of carrier preimmunization on neutralizing antibody response of rabbits
      immunized with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin coupled to tetanus toxoid.
AB  - Antisera to the conjugate of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and tetanus toxoid
      (beta hCG-TT) generated in rabbits receiving TT carrier preimmunization were
      characterized and compared with antisera from rabbits receiving the conjugate
      without preimmunization. Double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis were
      used to identify individual antisera components to the conjugate and its
      substructures. 125IhCG radioimmunoassay indicated similar antibody titers (P =
      0.447) regardless of whether the rabbits were preimmunized with TT. However,
      bioneutralization of native hCG as measured by inhibition of prepubertal rat
      uterine weight increase was significantly more effective (P = 0.025) with
      antisera from rabbits which received carrier presensitization. These results
      demonstrate that carrier preimmunization provides a method for increasing the
      efficacy of neutralizing antibody produced against haptenic beta hCG.

PMID- 6820339
TI  - Susceptibility of aldehyde and aldose reductases of human tissues to aldose
      reductase inhibitors.
AB  - The effect of aldose reductase inhibitors such as sorbinil, alrestatin, and
      quercitrin has been studied on the aldose reductase purified from human brain and
      lens, and aldehyde reductase I purified from human liver, and aldehyde reductase
      II purified from human brain, liver, and red cells. None of the aldose reductase
      inhibitors have been found to be specific for aldose reductase. Fifty micromolar
      sorbinil besides inhibiting aldose reductase, completely inhibits aldehyde
      reductase II from the brain, liver and red cells. Similarly, alrestatin and
      quercitrin also are potent inhibitors of aldehyde reductase I and aldehyde
      reductase II.

PMID- 6820340
TI  - A cloned cDNA probe for rat immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain: construction,
      identification, and DNA sequence.
AB  - IgE has clinical importance because it is responsible for immediate
      hypersensitivity. Studies of IgE expression in rats appear to contradict current
      models for immunoglobulin gene expression. To study rat IgE expression at the RNA
      and DNA levels, we have constructed a cDNA for part of the rat epsilon (epsilon)
      heavy chain that is expressed by a rat myeloma, IR162. The rat epsilon-chain
      clone was initially identified by an efficient selection scheme. DNA sequencing
      of the 580-bp cDNA revealed that it encoded 176 amino acids that were 50%
      homologous to the human epsilon H chain. The sequence begins near the end of the
      CH2 domain and ends 31 amino acids into the CH4 domain. Cysteines important for
      the structure of the human IgE were conserved in the rat epsilon H-chain. The
      identity of the cloned epsilon cDNA was confirmed by comparison with a portion of
      the constant region gene for mouse epsilon H chain. The mouse and rat nucleotide
      sequences were 79% homologous.

PMID- 6820342
TI  - Changes in the characteristics of collagen of young male garden lizards following
      centrophenoxine and lysine treatment.

PMID- 6820341
TI  - Effects of age on hormone levels and in vitro steroidogenesis by rat ovary and
      adrenal.
AB  - In order to evaluate age-related changes in ovarian and adrenal steroid
      production, in vitro steroid production by adrenal glands and ovaries from young
      (3-4 mo) and middle-aged (10-11 mo) cycling rats was compared to serum steroid
      and gonadotropin levels on each morning of the estrous cycle. Basal LH levels
      were not different between young and mid-aged cycling rats except on estrus, when
      elevated estrogen (E) levels were correlated with depressed LH in the mid-aged
      rats. Basal FSH levels were generally elevated in mid-aged cycling and mid-aged
      constant estrus (CE) rats, but the FSH rise on estrus morning was not seen in the
      mid-aged rats. Serum progesterone levels were not changed with age or
      reproductive state, although in vitro ovarian progesterone secretion was
      decreased in mid-aged CE rats. Adrenal progesterone secretion increased
      significantly with age. Serum total testosterone was similar in young and mid
      aged cycling and mid-aged CE rats, despite a highly significant increase in in
      vitro testosterone secretion by the CE ovary. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were
      significantly elevated on proestrus and estrus in the mid-aged rats. Although
      estrone (E1) levels appeared higher in the mid-aged than in the young cycling
      rats, the differences were not significant. Mid-aged CE rats had significantly
      elevated serum levels of both E1 and E2. In vitro ovarian estrone production was
      depressed in mid-aged cycling rats. Adrenal total estrogen production was similar
      in young and mid-aged animals. These results demonstrate that serum gonadotropin
      and steroid levels are altered in aging female rats prior to the loss of
      reproductive cycles. Changes in serum steroid levels are probably due to changes
      in circulating LH and FSH levels or the ovarian response to these gonadotropins,
      but changes in vitro basal steroid production suggest that intrinsic ovarian
      function may also change with advancing age. As rats enter a CE state,
      alterations in basal ovarian and adrenal steroid production are seen and may be
      partially responsible for maintenance of the acyclic state.

PMID- 6820343
TI  - [Meningo-vascular syphilis with epileptic manifestations].

PMID- 6820344
TI  - [Verapamil in effort angina: a multi-centre study].
AB  - We have performed a multi-centre study with 47 outpatients in order to evaluate
      the efficacy of Verapamil (V) in the treatment of stable effort angina, and to
      compare the effect of two different doses of the drug (240 and 360 mg/die). The
      protocol consisted of a first period of Placebo, followed by the double-blind
      randomized cross-over administration of Placebo (P) and Verapamil (V) in doses of
      240 and 360 mg/die. The symptomatology, the consumption of TNG, the ECG pattern
      at rest and during exercise, the maximum exercise tolerance during exercise and
      the rate of recovery were evaluated at the end of each 1 month period. V.
      provided a significant reduction of the number of angina attacks and of the
      consumption of TNG pills with improvement of symptomatology. The maximum exercise
      performance improved without changes in maximum rate pressure double product. A
      decrease of double product was observed at rest and during the recovery period.
      The higher dose of V. (360 mg/die) provides a better improvement in the number of
      angina attacks, in the symptomatology, in the double product at rest, and in the
      rate of recovery than the lower dose (240 mg/die). Thus these data indicate that
      V. provides anti-anginal efficacy by reducing myocardial oxygen demand, and
      increases exercise tolerance in effort angina patients.

PMID- 6820345
TI  - [Cholesterol crystals in bile obtained by endoscopy in patients with non
      calculous gallbladder disease].

PMID- 6820346
TI  - [Echotomographic diagnosis of neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts].

PMID- 6820347
TI  - [The clinical importance of the cystic duct remnant].

PMID- 6820348
TI  - [Mass screening for gastric cancer in the State of Tachira].

PMID- 6820349
TI  - [Evaluation of children with giardiasis and their treatment with tinidazole].

PMID- 6820350
TI  - [Hickman catheter for hyperalimentation and treatment of leukemia].

PMID- 6820351
TI  - Studies of D-penicillamine (3): immunomodulating effects of D-penicillamine.
AB  - D-penicillamine (D-PA) has beneficial therapeutic effects for patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis but no convincing explanation has been offered for the mode
      of action. Experiments reported here were designed to gain an insight into the
      related mechanisms. Wistar rats were inoculated with various doses of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis to induce adjuvant arthritis, and on the 21st day, the
      lesions of paws and ears were graded according to the extent of the erythema and
      swelling. Rats given D-PA simultaneously with the inoculation of M. tuberculosis
      developed a more severe arthritis than that seen in the control group, when they
      were inoculated with low doses of M. tuberculosis. To investigate the effect of D
      PA on hemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen, BDF1 mice were
      immunized with various doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and D-PA was
      injected in various doses and at various times. D-PA produced either enhancement
      or depression of the number of PFC, depending on the dose of antigenic stimulus
      of SRBC. Furthermore, D-PA slightly enhanced the concanavalin A-induced
      blastogenesis of the spleen cells in vitro, at a concentration of 1-50 microM,
      but at concentrations of 500 microM, inhibition was evident. These results
      indicate that D-PA may act as an immunomodulating agent.

PMID- 6820352
TI  - [Analysis of protective mechanisms against infection by Listeria monocytogenes.
      Accumulation and activation of macrophages].

PMID- 6820353
TI  - The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the immunogenicity of enterobacterial
      common antigen.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a factor (PF) which alters the enterobacterial
      common antigen (ECA). Its effect on the immunogenicity of two types of
      immunogenic ECA, namely, the ethanol-soluble preparation freed of
      lipopolysaccharide and the LPS-coupled form from the R-mutant E. coli 014 was
      investigated. The antibody response following intravenous immunization was
      determined by means of the hemagglutination test. It is shown that PF abolishes
      the immunogenicity of the former but not of the latter. PF obtained from a strain
      of P. maltophilia yielded the same results. Antiserum against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa of types 1 and 6 neutralizes PF produced by either type. These results
      suggest that PF alters the lipid part and not the haptenic determinant of ECA and
      that this activity is neutralized by P. aeruginosa antiserum of either type 1 or
      type 6. This interpretation is compatible with the identification of PF as a
      lipase.

PMID- 6820354
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the eye--an experimental model.

PMID- 6820355
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with retinyl acetate on distribution & metabolism of 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-3H in female rats.

PMID- 6820356
TI  - In vivo studies on phospholipid biosynthesis in Microsporum gypseum.

PMID- 6820357
TI  - Immunoglobulin estimation in cerebrospinal fluid by modified radial
      immunodiffusion.

PMID- 6820358
TI  - Tumours of the female genitalia.

PMID- 6820359
TI  - Subcortical correlates of the auditory brainstem potentials in the monkey:
      referential responses.
AB  - Referential responses correlated with the vertex auditory brain-stem potentials
      (ABSP) were recorded from different brainstem and diencephalic structures of
      large monkeys under barbiturate anesthesia. Polarity, latency, and amplitude of
      various response components were determined from structures located 2 mm apart
      along five different vertical trajectories aiming at the trapezoid body (TB),
      superior olivary complex (SOC), mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), medial
      geniculate nucleus thalami (MG), and inferior colliculus (IC). Latency
      correlations, amplitude differences, voltage profiles, current-source-density
      distribution, and current flows of the various response components were
      subsequently calculated. Subcortical referential responses were formed by seven
      initial fast positive components (I, II, A, B, C, D and E) and one late slow
      negative component (F) correlated to waves I to VII and SP3 of the vertex ABSP
      respectively. Positive components C and D' also correlated to SP1 and SN1 of ABSP
      respectively. Amplitude of component B at contralateral SOC and C, D' and F at
      contralateral MRF was significantly larger than those of other subcortical
      responses and vertex ABSP. A single component of the subcortical referential
      responses accompanied changes in voltage, CSD, and current flows of various
      brainstem structures. However, considering only major changes in these
      parameters, component B accompanied a voltage positive and a CSD positive
      negative peak and an ascending current flow at the SOC; component C accompanied
      similar changes at MRF, and components D' and F accompanied voltage negative and
      CSD negative-positive-negative peaks and ascending and descending current flows
      at MRF. In contrast, no systematic changes in voltage, CSD and current flows
      accompanied components I, II, A, D and E.

PMID- 6820360
TI  - A serological survey for Rift Valley fever antibody in food animals in Kaduna and
      Sokoto States of Nigeria.
AB  - A total of 1106 serum samples from cattle, sheep, goats and camels were collected
      from Kaduna and Sokoto States of Nigeria. These were tested for the presence of
      antibody to Rift Valley fever virus by the agar gel immunodiffusion method. The
      antibody prevalence rates were 2.85% in cattle, 6.67% in sheep, 0.98% in goats
      and 3.13% in camels.

PMID- 6820361
TI  - Preparation of type-specific antimyosin antibodies and determination of their
      specificity by biochemical and immunohistochemical methods.
AB  - This paper reports the preparation of specific anti-slow myosin antibodies (anti
      I) and anti-fast myosin antibodies (anti-IIA) raised against myosins from sheep
      and guinea pig masseter muscles. The specificity of the antibodies has been
      studied by immunodiffusion in agar and by the GEDELISA test using slow-twitch
      (type I), fast-twitch red (type IIA) and fast-twitch white (type IIB) myofibrils
      isolated from guinea pig muscles. The principal specificity of the anti-I and
      anti-IIA antibodies was for the heavy chains of type I and IIA myosins,
      respectively. A smaller reaction with the corresponding light chains was also
      detected. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle sections using these antibodies
      confirmed their fibre type specificity.

PMID- 6820362
TI  - Automation in penicillin fermentation.

PMID- 6820364
TI  - Atlantoaxial dislocation in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6820363
TI  - Congenital deficiency of plasma thromboplastin component (PTC-factor IX): report
      of 25 cases from 19 unrelated families.

PMID- 6820365
TI  - Use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6820367
TI  - Unusual presentation of tuberculosis.

PMID- 6820366
TI  - Serum histaminase in congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6820368
TI  - Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6820369
TI  - Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in COPD and normals.

PMID- 6820370
TI  - Effect of valproic acid on hepatic functions.

PMID- 6820371
TI  - Ecdysteroid binding activity in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Ecdysteroid binding proteins have been found in nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster
      embryos. Comparison of results derived from Scatchard analysis, analogue binding
      competition, and sucrose gradient centrifugation has revealed no significant
      differences between the properties of the putative embryonic receptor and those
      of the receptor found in imaginal disks or Kc cells.

PMID- 6820372
TI  - Sensitivity of luteinizing hormone and gonadal steroid responses to single
      intranasal administration of an LHRH agonist (Hoe-766) in young normal adult men.

PMID- 6820375
TI  - Studies on sporulation process in Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6820374
TI  - Influence of pinealectomy on circadian patterns of plasma luteinizing hormone,
      follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the male
      rat.
AB  - The effect of pinealectomy on the circadian periodicity in plasma gonadotropins
      (LH and FSH), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was investigated in
      adult male rats maintained under conditions of 12 h light/12 h dark (light on
      06:00-18:00 h). Animals were killed at 3 hour intervals over 24 hours by
      decapitation. Plasma concentrations of LH, T and DTH (but not FSH) were found to
      exhibit significant circadian variations as determined by analysis of variance.
      No distinct LH or T nadir was recorded but peaks were observed at 09:00 h. Peak
      DHT values were recorded near the middle of the dark period. Pinealectomy
      resulted in an altered daily LH and T rhythmicity, and also in an abolished DHT
      rhythmicity. The fact that there was no significant increase in mean gonadotropin
      levels at 50 days after pinealectomy suggests that the pineal regulates the
      timing of gonadotropin secretion rather than the quantity. Since pinealectomy was
      found to abolish the circadian rhythm of DHT but not of T, we deduced that the
      pineal may also be responsible for the rhythmic conversion of T to DHT.

PMID- 6820373
TI  - Hyperthyroxinemia associated with high thyroxine binding to albumin in euthyroid
      subjects.
AB  - Hyperthyroxinemia, and a high free-T4 index (calculated from T4 levels and T3
      Resin uptake), was observed in an euthyroid boy. Thyroxine-binding globulin and
      prealbumin levels were normal. Direct assay of free-T4 yielded a normal value.
      Upon electrophoretic separation of a serum sample enriched with labeled T4
      abnormal binding of T4 was detected in the albumin fraction. This binding was
      sensitive to barbital, and affected T3 to a lesser degree than T4. The excessive
      binding of T4 to albumin accounts for the normal free-T4 levels in the presence
      of increased total T4 concentration. Two additional cases of abnormal binding of
      T4 to albumin were detected in the family of the propositus. The correct
      evaluation of the thyroid status of these subjects should be important to prevent
      a misdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6820376
TI  - Quantitative analysis of larvae myelogenesis in medulla oblongata of Bufo bufo.

PMID- 6820378
TI  - [Significance of chemo-endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer--a combined
      administration of tamoxifen, tegafur, and cyclophosphamide].

PMID- 6820377
TI  - Biochemical changes in organophosphorus compound poisoning.

PMID- 6820379
TI  - [Physiological functions of alkaline phosphatase and evolution].

PMID- 6820380
TI  - The use of FEIBA (factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity) in cataract
      extraction in hemophilia A patient with inhibitor.
AB  - A 34-year-old patient, with severe factor VIII deficiency (anti-hemophilic factor
      deficiency) and inhibitor against factor VIII, underwent a phacoemulsification
      with posterior capsulatomy and thermal iridectomy under general anesthesia. FEIBA
      (Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity) was used to achieve hemostasis. The
      surgical procedure was successful and no complication was ensued. A brief
      management of hemophilia A patient requiring surgery is discussed.

PMID- 6820381
TI  - Serum protein binding interaction between valproic acid and phenobarbital in
      vitro.

PMID- 6820382
TI  - A unique change of steroid metabolism in rat liver microsomes induced with highly
      toxic polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDF).
AB  - Pretreatments of rats with the highly toxic compounds such as 3,4,5,3',4'
      pentachlorobiphenyl(PenCB), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro(TCDF) and 2,3,4,7,8
      pentachlorodibenzofuran(PenCDF), which are potent 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-type
      inducers, increased selectively 7 alpha-hydroxylation, but strongly suppressed 2
      alpha-, 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylations as well as 5 alpha-reduction of
      progesterone and testosterone in the liver microsomes. This unique change in the
      metabolic pattern was accompanied by a marked decrease in total metabolism of
      both steroids and appeared to correlate apparently with their toxic potency. This
      kind of change was not shown by pretreatments with not only MC itself but also
      the phenobarbital-type(2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl) and the mixed type
      PCBs(Kanechlor 400, a PCB mixture with 48% chlorine content), all of which
      possess only a low acute toxicity. The metabolic change produced by 3,4,5,3',4'
      PenCB, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,4,7,8-PenCDF might not be due to their stimulatory or
      inhibitory effects, because when added to the incubation mixture 3,4,5,3',4'
      PenCB did not change the metabolic pattern with MC-microsomes to that with
      3,4,5,3',4'-PenCB-microsomes. Furthermore, either 2,3,7,8-TCDF or 2,3,4,7,8
      PenCDF gave similar metabolic pattern whereas their residual levels in the liver
      were greatly different from each other at the time of sacrifice. These results
      suggest that this kind of unique change of the steroid metabolism produced by
      highly toxic PCBs and PCDFs may be responsible, at least in part, for the
      endocrine symptoms caused by these compounds via disturbance of steroid
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6820383
TI  - [Determination of dissociation exponent of CO2 used in Henderson-Hasselbalch
      equation by means of bicarbonate-selective microelectrode].
AB  - To measure intracellular ion activity of bicarbonate directly, a double-barreled
      bicarbonate-selective microelectrode was constructed with a liquid ion
      exchanger(LIX) containing tri-n-octylammonium, trifluoroacetyl-butyl benzene and
      octanol. A new dissociation exponent of CO2 (pK') was determined experimentally
      for a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, in which HCO3 activity was used
      instead of HCO3 concentration. The temperature effects on pK' and solubility
      coefficient of CO2 were analyzed over the range of 10 to 40 degrees C. The
      average values of pK' at room temperature (22 degrees C) were 6.377 and 6.348 in
      water and frog serum, respectively, and the solubility coefficients of CO2 were
      0.048 and 0.046 mM/L/mmHg. The values of pK' plotted on Arrhenius plot were shown
      linear with 1/T, indicating that the pK' thus obtained can be treated
      thermodynamically as a first-order kinetics. Under normal circumstances, the
      values for the intracellular pH predicted from the intracellular bicarbonate
      activities in the proximal tubule and sartorius muscle of bullfrogs were
      virtually identical with those obtained directly by the LIX-pH-microelectrodes.

PMID- 6820384
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis at low resolution of
      the allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei.

PMID- 6820385
TI  - Ultrasonography of a plexiform neurofibroma of the popliteal fossa.

PMID- 6820387
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis.

PMID- 6820386
TI  - Spontaneous resolution of hyperalimentation-induced biliary dilatation:
      ultrasonic description.

PMID- 6820388
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate and levels of serum and urinary proteins in
      nonpregnant, pregnant and post puerperal Pakistani women.

PMID- 6820389
TI  - Tinea Capitis in Karachi.

PMID- 6820390
TI  - Evaluation of blood catalase as a simple and quick index of protein quality.

PMID- 6820391
TI  - Unusual presentation of a pyogenic liver abscess--case report.

PMID- 6820392
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in the field of pediatric
      infection].

PMID- 6820393
TI  - [Clinical studies on cefsulodin in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - An anti-P. aeruginosa, cephalosporin, cefsulodin (CFS) was administered to 2
      patients who were affected with inveterate urinary tract infection at ages of 1
      year 8 months and 2 years, and another with pneumonia combined with lung fibrosis
      and bronchiectasia at 3 years. The clinical responses in 3 cases were "good" in 2
      and "fair" in 1. The bacteriological responses to 3 strains of P. aeruginosa
      isolated in this clinical study were "eradicated" in 1, "decreased" in 1, and
      "unchanged" in 1. No side effects were observed.

PMID- 6820394
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in the field of pediatrics].

PMID- 6820396
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on cefsulodin in the pediatric field].

PMID- 6820397
TI  - Effect of phosphoramidon on protection against corneal ulcer caused by elastase
      and protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6820398
TI  - Proposal for the addition of a new serogroup N in the serological classification
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6820400
TI  - [Organ distribution of 111In-oxine labeled lymphocytes in normal subjects and in
      patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 6820399
TI  - Designation of the thirteen O-group antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; an
      amendment for the tentative proposal in 1976.

PMID- 6820395
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Antimicrobial, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefsulodin (CFS) was
      made and the following results were obtained. 1. Antimicrobial activity of CFS
      against P. aeruginosa was similar to a little lower than that of GM.
      Antimicrobial activity of CFS against S. aureus was similar to that of SBPC and
      against E. coli CFS showed lower antimicrobial activity. 2. Twenty or 50 mg/kg
      CFS was administered by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Average serum levels at
      the completion of the infusion were 35.1 +/- 8.0, 114.5 +/- 36.1 micrograms/ml
      and 1.6 +/- 0.7, 4.5 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours afterward with the half
      life times of 1.50, 1.29 hours respectively. In case of 12.1 mg/kg 1 hour
      intravenous drip infusion, peak serum level was 13.4 micrograms/ml at the
      completion of infusion, and the concentration in the sputum was 1.0 micrograms/ml
      at 5 hours after completion of infusion. Average serum levels of CFS by one shot
      infusion of 20 mg/kg were 58.4 +/- 6.8 micrograms/ml, 2.7 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml
      at 15 minutes and 6 hours after injection respectively. Half-life time was 1.54
      hours. Average urinary excretion rates of CFS were 64.4%, 64.2% and 48.9% up to 6
      hours after 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg CFS and one
      shot intravenous of 20 mg/kg CFS respectively. 3. CFS was administered to 2
      pneumonia cases caused by P. aeruginosa, i.e. one was 15 years and 11 months old
      male accompanying bronchial asthma and the another 4 years old male with LENNOX
      syndrome. Neither bacteriological nor clinical efficacy was, however, observed.
      Side effect as well as bacterial superinfection were not observed.

PMID- 6820401
TI  - [Immuno-electron microscopical study on pulmonary edema induced by alpha
      naphthylthiourea].

PMID- 6820402
TI  - [A case of primary macroglobulinemia with pulmonary infiltration detected by
      transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB)].

PMID- 6820404
TI  - Health assessment in the procurement of laboratory rodents.
AB  - A health assessment procurement program should be well matched with an ongoing in
      house health monitoring and evaluation program. Programs for health assessment
      include ordering, receiving and quarantining of animals, or the placement of
      vendor animals directly into colony rooms. Health assessment methods for procured
      laboratory rodents consist of statistical sampling, clinical evaluation,
      laboratory evaluation, reporting results to veterinarians, interpretation of
      data, communication to investigators and vendors and action.

PMID- 6820405
TI  - Control of microbial contamination in the use of laboratory rodents.
AB  - Historically, laboratory rodents have been used in preference to other animal
      species for biomedical research. Study disruptions and invalidations often have
      occurred due to microbial contaminants inherent to laboratory rodents. Today,
      many commercial suppliers and research institutions are controlling a variety of
      infectious diseases among laboratory rodents by careful design of animal
      facilities, by adaptation of managerial techniques employing precise operational
      policies coupled with careful supervision and attention to detail and the use of
      various diagnostic programs. The continued evolution of epidemiological
      practices, environment control systems, sophistication of barrier-sustained
      operations, preventative medicine and sanitation techniques, complemented by an
      improvement in veterinary diagnostic programs for disease surveillance further
      minimize microbial contamination of laboratory rodents. Such measures contribute
      to the fulfillment of various legislative requirements concerned with the quality
      of animals for biomedical research.

PMID- 6820403
TI  - Health assessment for laboratory rodent production colonies.
AB  - Unhealthy laboratory animals cause not only serious damage in production
      efficiency but also undesirable changes in animal quality with a high possibility
      of occurrence of overt diseases during animal experimentation. Most rodent
      production colonies now use a strict barrier system which protects animals from
      the introduction of infective agents. However, routine monitoring of the health
      status in production colonies is required because conventional environments are
      still common in fields of animal experimentation during which disease control is
      much more difficult. Disease problems seem to be more serious in testing or
      research colonies which receive clean, susceptible animals from production
      colonies. To develop an effective program for health monitoring and control,
      particularly concerned with infectious diseases, it is indispensable to
      accumulate more scientific information on the epizootology of rodent diseases
      with cooperation between both animal production and experimentation.

PMID- 6820406
TI  - The quality, treatment and monitoring of water for laboratory rodents.
AB  - A water quality standard for laboratory rodents has not been established nor
      given serious consideration. Yet many studies have shown on occasion the presence
      of heavy metals, polycyclic hydrocarbons (some known to be carcinogens) as well
      as microscopic organisms. All of these materials may have significant impacts
      upon the outcome of an experiment if proper attention is not given to their
      presence and control. Several methods and systems for the control of these
      extraneous factors are discussed.

PMID- 6820407
TI  - Four cases of hyperphenylalaninaemia: studies during pregnancy and of the
      offspring produced.
AB  - Four cases of variant hyperphenylalaninaemia during pregnancy are presented.
      Babies born to mothers with blood phenylalanine concentrations of 4-8 mg/dl were
      normal and did not exhibit significant microcephaly, although one did have a
      major congenital anomaly (exstrophy of the bladder). The mother with blood
      phenylalanine concentrations of 6-12 mg/dl during pregnancy delivered three of
      four infants with mild microcephaly but normal intellectual function. The data
      suggest that phenylalanine concentrations of 4-8 mg/dl are reasonable and
      desirable during pregnancy in hyperphenylalaninaemic women. Furthermore, the data
      do not support or refute the justification hypothesis of Bessman et al.

PMID- 6820408
TI  - The use of deuterated phenylalanine for the in vivo assay of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase activity in children.
AB  - Fifteen children, five with phenylketonuria (PKU), five with
      hyperphenylalaninaemia, and five phenotypically normal but at risk of being
      carriers for PKU, were given [ring 2H5]phenylalanine orally in amounts ranging
      from 75 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. Plasma was assayed for [2H5]phenylalanine and
      [2H4]tyrosine at hourly intervals, the amino acids being measured as the N
      acetyl, n-propyl esters by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The results
      obtained were calculated as the log of the ratio [2H5]phenylalanine:
      [2H4]tyrosine in the plasma. The five patients with PKU had ratios of infinity
      because no [2H4]tyrosine was measured in their plasma during the experimental
      period. The patients with hyperphenylalaninaemia had log ratios over 2.00
      throughout the assay period. Among the five normal children three are considered
      to be carriers for PKU as the logarithms of the [2H5]phenylalanine: [2H4]tyrosine
      ratios were 1.77, 1.73, and 1.33 and remained over 1.00 during the assay period.
      The other children had log ratios of 1.16 and 1.00 at the first hour which
      dropped below 1.00 subsequently, suggesting normal activity of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase.

PMID- 6820410
TI  - Standardized loading test with protein for the differentiation of phenylketonuria
      from hyperphenylalaninaemia.
AB  - Eighty-nine protein-loading tests were performed in 80 patients with an increased
      blood phenylalanine concentration. The amount of protein corresponding to 0.18 g
      phenylalanine/kg body weight per day was calculated and given for 3 days, during
      which time eight phenylalanine and eight tyrosine blood concentrations were
      determined. Nine numerical evaluations were checked for discrimination between
      phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninaemia. The two most powerful discriminants
      were the phenylalanine blood concentration after 72 hours (sample taken in the
      morning of the 4th day after the beginning of the load) with a limit value of 15
      mg/dl (0.91 mmol/l), and the mean value of the 5th to 8th phenylalanine values,
      also with a limit value of 15 mg/dl. In only eight of the 80 patients would the
      final diagnosis not have been established by the loading test.

PMID- 6820409
TI  - Turnover of the fast components of myelin and myelin proteins in experimental
      hyperphenylalaninaemia. Relevance to termination of dietary treatment in human
      phenylketonuria.
AB  - The turnover of myelin and of myelin protein fractions has been measured in the
      central nervous system of rats who were placed on a hyperphenylalaninaemia
      inducing diet (3% L-phenylalanine and 0.12% p-chlorophenylalanine added to the
      normal laboratory chow) when they were 25 days of age. A considerably increased
      turnover of the fast component of myelin and of myelin protein fractions was
      observed, which was not found in weight-matched controls or in controls fed the
      normal laboratory chow supplemented with 0.12% p-chlorophenylalanine. The
      increased turnover is therefore due to the hyperphenylalaninaemic condition and
      not due to the slow-down in growth or the presence of p-chlorophenylalanine.
      Furthermore, an inhibition of myelin synthesis due to the hyperphenylalaninaemic
      condition has been observed. Since these effects on myelin metabolism can be
      demonstrated to occur even when the brain has matured considerably, prudence
      should be exercised in considering the termination of the dietary treatment of
      patients with phenylketonuria.

PMID- 6820411
TI  - Incidence of disorders tested by systematic screening: confidence limits and
      comparison of programmes.
AB  - Using the data from screening done in Switzerland since 1965, we showed that the
      probability of finding cases with increased phenylalanine or leucine
      concentrations is compatible with a Poisson distribution. If there are no trends
      present from year to year and if the Poisson distribution is an accurate fit
      further statistical treatment is possible. The advantage of using the Poisson
      distribution is exemplified by the calculation of confidence limits for the
      incidence of hyperphenylalaninaemia, maple syrup urine disease and
      hypothyroidism. Furthermore, statistical comparisons between different screening
      programs are easily done.

PMID- 6820412
TI  - Carrier detection in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
AB  - We have studied six known heterozygotes for ornithine transcarbamylase (McKusick
      31125; OTC) deficiency. All had abnormal results when tested by measurement of
      urine orotic acid after protein loading. Duodenal mucosa OTC assay detected fewer
      of the known heterozygotes but was a useful supplementary test. Urine orotic acid
      excretion after protein loading is influenced by age and results from women being
      tested must be compared with those from controls of appropriate age.

PMID- 6820413
TI  - Decreased transport of ornithine across the inner mitochondrial membrane as a
      cause of hyperornithinaemia.
AB  - Hyperornithinaemia due to a transport of ornithine across the inner mitochondrial
      membrane was demonstrated in three patients by measuring ornithine uptake by
      fibroblast mitochondria. Particulate compartments and soluble cytoplasm of
      fibroblasts were separated by a slight modification of the digitonin method of
      Zuurendonk and Tager. Patients' fibroblast pellet fraction contained
      significantly less radioactivity than control fibroblast pellet fraction after
      incubation of fibroblasts with [14C]-ornithine. Since neither of the patients was
      deficient in ornithine-delta-oxoacid aminotransferase, we concluded that in these
      hyperornithinaemia patients a defect exists for transport of ornithine across the
      inner mitochondrial membrane. The exact nature of this transport defect remains
      to be elucidated.

PMID- 6820414
TI  - Organic aciduria in neonatal multiple carboxylase deficiency.
AB  - A Samoan patient and a Saudi-Arabian patient were found to have abnormalities in
      the pattern of organic acid metabolites characteristic of 3
      methylcrotonylglycinuria, propionic acidaemia and lactic acidosis. Both patients
      died early in life. The metabolic pattern is diagnostic of multiple carboxylase
      deficiency and an enzymatic diagnosis was made in a subsequent affected sibling
      of the first patient. Deficiency of the three carboxylases suggests a primary
      defect in the metabolism of biotin which is required for their activity. The
      importance of the recognition of the clinical picture is highlighted by the fact
      that this lethal disease is readily treated with biotin. These patients have
      prominent skin lesions which can serve as alerting signs for the diagnosis.

PMID- 6820415
TI  - Normal 2-aminobutyrate oxidation and increased valine oxidation in fibroblasts
      deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Human skin fibroblasts deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase and five normal
      control strains were incubated with one of the following labelled substrates: DL
      [1-14C]-2-amino-n-butyric acid, DL-[3-14C]-2-amino-n-butyric acid, L-[1
      14C]leucine, L-[1-14C]valine, L-[1-14C]alanine, and [1-14C]pyruvate. The rate of
      14CO2-production in the deficient cells was normal from 2-aminobutyrate and
      leucine, increased from valine, and decreased from alanine and pyruvate. These
      results indicated that in human skin fibroblasts the decarboxylation of 2
      oxobutyrate is catalysed by an enzyme system different from the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex.

PMID- 6820416
TI  - Stimulation of ketogenesis by propionate in isolated rat hepatocytes: an
      explanation for ketosis associated with propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic
      acidaemia?
AB  - The effect of propionate on ketone body production from oleate and octanoate in
      isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. Propionate (5 mmol/l) stimulated
      ketogenesis from oleate and octanoate, although the effect was more pronounced
      when octanoate was used as substrate. Propionate decreased CO2 production from
      fatty acids, suggesting that propionate inhibited the oxidation of free fatty
      acid carbons through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our results suggest that
      propionate enhanced ketogenesis as a consequence of the decrease in the rate of
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle, caused by propionate and/or its derivatives. The
      stimulation of ketogenesis caused by propionate is discussed as the possible
      cause of ketosis associated with propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic acidaemia.

PMID- 6820417
TI  - Studies on the molecular defect in phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninaemia
      using antibodies against phenylalanine hydroxylase.
AB  - Monospecific antibodies against human phenylalanine hydroxylase were prepared.
      Liver extract of 10 patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and of two patients with
      hyperphenylalaninaemia were examined for reactivity toward the antibodies in
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis. In all patients phenylalanine hydroxylase could be
      detected. In nine out of 10 patients with PKU the mutant enzyme did not differ
      from the wild type enzyme with respect to the electrophoretic mobility. In one
      case the mutant enzyme had a more negative charge. In the patients with
      hyperphenylalaninaemia the enzyme of one patient had normal electrophoretic
      mobility and the enzyme of the other differed from the normal enzyme. No
      difference could be shown in heterozygotes for PKU.

PMID- 6820418
TI  - Intermittent hypermethioninaemia associated with normal hepatic methionine
      adenosyltransferase activity: report of a case.
AB  - A 5-month-old infant was found to have hypermethioninaemia (0.8 mumol/ml) that
      has persisted intermittently (0.02-1.3 mumol/ml) over a period of 3 years. She
      presented with developmental delay and failure to thrive associated with gross
      abuse and neglect. Histological examination of the liver revealed inflammation of
      the portal triads. The activity of hepatic L-methionine-S-adenosyltransferase (EC
      2.5.1.6) was normal. Whether the biochemical findings were the cause or the
      result of the hepatic damage is uncertain, but the minimal histological findings
      in the liver suggest a primary biochemical defect.

PMID- 6820420
TI  - Normal hydroxylation of proline in collagen synthesized by skin fibroblasts from
      a patient with prolidase deficiency.
AB  - The extent of hydroxylation of proline in collagen synthesized and secreted into
      the culture medium by skin fibroblasts derived from a patient with prolidase
      deficiency has been examined and found to be normal. It would seem likely that to
      a considerable extent the urinary proline-containing dipeptides apparent in this
      condition are derived from sources other than collagen.

PMID- 6820419
TI  - Zinc status and growth of children undergoing treatment for phenylketonuria.
AB  - Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are treated with semi-synthetic diets
      restricted in phenylalanine. Low-phenylalanine or phenylalanine-free formulae
      provide the majority of protein and energy in the diet while phenylalanine
      requirements are met by low-protein natural foods. Because of the restriction of
      natural protein sources in this diet, the study assessed the zinc nutrition of 22
      treated children with PKU (aged from 1 month to 8 1/2 years) and correlated
      linear growth with zinc status. The mean (+/- SE) plasma zinc concentration of
      the PKU population was 66.6 +/- 3.3 micrograms/dl. The mean (+/- SE) hair zinc
      concentration was 70.2 +/- 11.5 micrograms/g. The mean plasma and hair zinc
      concentrations of the PKU population were significantly different (p less than
      0.05) when compared with mean (+/- SE) normal values of 84.2 +/- 2.9
      micrograms/dl and 130.7 +/- 8.3 micrograms/g, respectively. The mean (+/- SD)
      dietary zinc intake of 10 PKU patients was 8.56 +/- 2.68 mg/day. No significant
      differences (p less than 0.123) were found when the mean zinc intake was compared
      with National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowance for age of 10
      mg/day. No significant correlations were found when plasma and hair zinc
      concentrations were plotted with height percentiles. Further studies are required
      to assess the effects of zinc supplementation and the bioavailability of zinc
      from low-phenylalanine diets.

PMID- 6820423
TI  - Isovaleric acidaemia presenting with dwarfism, cataract and congenital
      abnormalities.
AB  - Isovaleric acidaemia was diagnosed in a 9-year-old girl with an unusual clinical
      presentation. She was severely mentally retarded, had an extreme growth
      retardation, bilateral cataracts, multiple fractures of the long bones, vitium
      cordis and malformations of the head. Frequent infections occurred since early
      childhood. The relevance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6820421
TI  - Cell genetic studies on propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficient cell lines.
AB  - Thirteen propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC)-deficient fibroblast lines were analysed
      for complementation by examining the incorporation of [14C]propionate into
      trichloroacetic-acid insoluble cellular macromolecules of polyethylene-glycol
      dimethyl-sulphoxide induced heterokaryons formed by fusion of mutant cell lines.
      Corrections for variations in the rate of protein synthesis of the heterokaryons
      and individual cell lines was made by measuring the incorporation of [3H]lysine,
      added simultaneously with the labelled propionate. Two distinct complementation
      groups were found in this sample of PCC-deficient cell lines. Evidence for
      intragenic complementation was not obtained.

PMID- 6820422
TI  - Dietary treatment and biochemical studies on a neonatal case of propionyl-CoA
      carboxylase deficiency.
AB  - The case of a patient with neonatal propionic acidaemia is reported. Despite an
      initially favourable response to the administration of an artificial formula, the
      patient finally died when 9.5 months old. Protein tolerance never exceeded 1.3 g
      kg-1 day-1. During the remission periods, when ingesting the formula, 3
      hydroxypropionic acid was excreted alone or together with tiglylglycine and/or
      methylcitrate. In a period of ketoacidosis, in addition to these three
      metabolites and those of ketoacidosis, elevations of 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid,
      propionylglycine and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid were found. A severe
      deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in cultured fibroblasts was detected;
      biotin, when added to the fibroblasts culture media, did not stimulate this
      enzyme activity. The effectiveness of the administered formula is discussed.

PMID- 6820424
TI  - DNA repair mechanisms in Chediak--Higashi syndrome cells.

PMID- 6820425
TI  - A female case of glycogen storage myopathy due to phosphorylase kinase
      deficiency.

PMID- 6820426
TI  - Altered kinetic properties of skin histidase in two patients with histidinaemia.

PMID- 6820427
TI  - Cherry-red spot--myoclonus syndrome in a Japanese family.

PMID- 6820428
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy: a diagnosis with amniotic
      fluid by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and its confirmation by kidney
      lipid analysis.

PMID- 6820429
TI  - beta-Galactosidase--neuraminidase deficiency. Deficiency of a freeze-labile
      neuraminidase in leukocytes and fibroblasts.

PMID- 6820430
TI  - A case of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency due to a defective synthesis of
      dihydrobiopterin.

PMID- 6820431
TI  - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a defect in cellular sterol biosynthetic control.
AB  - A mentally retarded woman with tendon xanthomata and normal serum cholesterol
      concentration was found to have raised cholestanol concentrations in the serum
      and in a xanthoma. This confirmed the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
      (CBX). No specific lipoprotein fraction was found to transport cholestanol. For
      the first time cultured fibroblasts from a patient with CBX were found to
      accumulate cholestanol.

PMID- 6820432
TI  - Treatment of hyperargininaemia due to arginase deficiency with a chemically
      defined diet.
AB  - A brother and sister aged 11 and 17 years have been reported previously to have
      hyperargininaemia and arginase deficiency: they were treated with a semi
      synthetic diet consisting of fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins and essential
      amino acids in amounts equivalent to 0.55-0.65 g protein kg-1 day-1 for 2 years.
      Plasma arginine levels fell from 0.50-0.90 mumol/1 to 0.13-0.30 mumol/1 (normal
      range 0.02-0.15). Increased concentrations of arginine in the cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) fell from 0.069-0.098 mumol/l to 0.040-0.056 mumol/l (normal mean +/- SD =
      0.020 +/- 0.006). Dibasic aminoaciduria returned to normal within 1 week.
      Substitution of the keto-acid analogues of five essential amino acids in the
      formula lowered arginine concentrations further, but proved to be unpalatable.
      Urinary concentrations of orotic acid, uridine and uracil fell toward normal but
      remained increased, even when the plasma ammonia concentration was measured as
      normal. Both patients showed a stable clinical improvement.

PMID- 6820433
TI  - Influence of the phenylketonuric heterozygote on the developing fetus.

PMID- 6820434
TI  - Spectral studies of the interaction of the substrate 'quinonoid' 6-methyl
      dihydropterine and the coenzyme NADH used as marker in the dihydropteridine
      reductase assay.
AB  - In dihydropteridine reductase assay the substrate quinonoid dihydropterine is
      reduced again to tetrahydropterine, concomitantly oxidizing NADH, the indicator
      of the enzyme assay. Because of the strong oxidizing capacity of quinonoid
      dihydropterine, the degree of spontaneous oxidation of NADH by the various
      substances used in the dihydropterine reductase assay was studied spectrally. A
      high degree of spontaneous oxidation of NADH by the substrate itself was found,
      which can be regulated by dithiotreitol, dependent on its concentration. The
      absorbance increase at 336 nm, due to the non-quinonoid dihydropterine formed
      spontaneously from its quinonoid form, strongly interferes with the absorbance
      decrease at 340 nm, due to the disappearance of NADH. The interference results in
      a shift of the absorbance maximum of NADH from 340 nm up to higher wavelengths.
      This phenomenon, expressing itself in various ways in blank and sample, is
      discussed with relevance to the validity of the current enzyme assays used in a
      further classification of hyperphenylalaninaemic patients.

PMID- 6820435
TI  - Current clinical problems in placental steroid or aryl sulphatase C deficiency
      and the related 'cervical dystocia' and X-linked ichthyosis.

PMID- 6820436
TI  - Review: the mammalian sulphatases and placental sulphatase deficiency in man.

PMID- 6820438
TI  - Hyperuricaemia and choreoathetosis in a child without mental retardation or self
      mutilation - a new HPRT variant.

PMID- 6820437
TI  - Review: genetics of steroid sulphatase deficiency and X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Steroid sulphatase deficiency which started out as a curious placental microsomal
      enzyme deficiency associated with low maternal urinary oestrogen excretion and
      difficulties in delivery, first described only twelve years ago, has now become a
      generalized enzyme deficiency associated also with a common skin disease. It
      turns out not only to be inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, but to be
      part of a gene cluster which includes the Xg blood group gene and which has been
      precisely assigned to the distal tip of the short arm of the X-chromosome. This
      cluster is unique for genes on the X-chromosome in escaping X-inactivation. It
      remains to be unequivocally demonstrated whether steroid sulphatase is identical
      to arylsulphatase C or whether these are two enzymes sharing a common polypeptide
      chain determined by a single gene. However, Rose (1982) presents evidence that
      one steroid sulphatase is probably identical with arylsulphatase C. It also
      remains to be conclusively demonstrated whether the gene for the enzyme
      deficiency is also that for ichthyosis or whether they are two very closely
      linked genes. If the former is true the role of steroid sulphatase in the
      abnormal keratinization of ichthyosis is still to be elucidated. Above all the
      special nature of the DNA in this unique region awaits description.

PMID- 6820439
TI  - Effects of Econazole, Fungizone and Pimafucin on cell growth, lysosomal enzyme
      activity and sulphate metabolism of cultured human skin fibroblasts and amniotic
      fluid cells.
AB  - Human skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells showed sensitivity to antifungal
      agents in the order Econazole less than Pimafucin less than Fungizone, with the
      last initially reducing cell growth 10-20%, even at the level recommended for
      cell culture. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D
      glucuronidase and alpha-D-mannosidase were unaffected, even by high
      concentrations of all three antifungal agents. Sulphate incorporation by cultured
      fibroblasts was increased by removal of sulphate salts and Crystamycin (contains
      streptomycin sulphate) from the culture medium. Sulphate incorporation into and
      degradation from macromolecules was only slightly reduced by antifungal agents.
      Human skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells can be cultured long term in the
      presence of Econazole or Fungizone and used for lysosomal enzyme assay and
      sulphate kinetic studies.

PMID- 6820441
TI  - Metabolism of collagen in aspartylglycosaminuria: decreased synthesis by cultured
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Fibroblasts from patients with aspartylglycosaminuria (AGU) and from age-matched
      healthy controls were studied in culture. The rate of synthesis of collagenous
      proteins was lower in AGU fibroblasts than in control cells despite the fact that
      the growth rates and growth patterns were similar. Qualitative differences in
      culture media proteins between AGU and control cultures were not revealed by
      gradient gel electrophoresis or by CM-cellulose chromatography after pepsin
      treatment. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of AGU culture media components showed
      that they contained more [3H]glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins than the control
      cultures. Decreased collagen synthesis may explain the connective tissue symptoms
      (e.g. skeletal deformations and susceptibility to hernias) frequently present in
      AGU patients. Products from the incomplete intracellular degradation of
      glycoproteins can interfere with collagen synthesis in AGU.
      Aspartylglycosaminuria might thus provide a model for studying the regulation of
      collagen synthesis.

PMID- 6820440
TI  - Aspartylglycosaminuria: an inborn error of glycoprotein catabolism.
AB  - Aspartylglycosaminuria (AGU, McKusick 20840) is a metabolic disorder affecting
      the catabolism of glycoproteins. It was first described in 1967, by Jenner and
      Pollitt, in two mentally retarded English siblings. Subsequently several cases
      were reported from Finland (Palo and Mattsson, 1970; Autio, 1972; Autio et al.,
      1973). Today the number of known cases is about 140, most of them Finnish or of
      Finnish origin (Aula et al., 1980). The incidence of AGU in Finland has been
      estimated to be approximately 1:26000 and the disease is inherited as an
      autosomal recessive trait (Autio et al., 1973). Clinical manifestations include
      progressive mental retardation, coarse gargoyle-like facial features, skeletal
      abnormalities and recurrent infections. Early development of the patients is
      usually normal, but by the age of 5-15 years they are already severely retarded
      (Autio, 1972; Autio et al., 1973). Morphologically AGU is a generalized storage
      disease (Haltia et al., 1975). Affected tissues show enlarged lysosomes.
      Vacuolization is a prominent feature of liver and nerve cells (Haltia et al.,
      1975) and of peripheral lymphocytes (Aula et al., 1975).

PMID- 6820442
TI  - Role of the liver in the pathogenesis of cerebral disorders in phenylketonuria.
AB  - Comprehensive studies on structure and function of the liver (biochemical
      profiles, light and electron microscopy, determination of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase activity) were performed in children with phenylketonuria (PKU). It
      was established that the liver is always involved in the pathological process.
      Comparison of results obtained with peculiarities of neuropsychiatric disorders
      revealed a dependence of the initial manifestations and the severity of PKU on
      the extent of enzyme deficiency. Amino acid disorders and abnormal lipid
      metabolism both contribute to the genesis of cerebral lesions.

PMID- 6820443
TI  - Aminoacidopathies in Andhra Pradesh; report of a screening programme.
AB  - A systematic and selective screening programme to detect disorders of amino acid
      metabolism was undertaken to gain insight into the incidence and prevalence of
      such disorders in the southern part of India. This region was selected due to the
      high incidence of consanguineous marriages. No earlier data were available. We
      based our study on mentally retarded children. We have attempted dietary therapy
      in two patients with phenylketonuria; the biochemical response in both cases was
      satisfactory. The highlight of this survey was the detection of a new metabolic
      defect, threoninaemia.

PMID- 6820444
TI  - Mucolipidosis IV, a sialolipidosis due to ganglioside sialidase deficiency.
AB  - A female patient of Italian, non-Jewish, descent, 22 years of age, with cloudy
      corneae, capsular lens opacities and severe and progressive mental and motor
      deterioration is described. Ultrastructural examination of a skin biopsy sample
      showed storage of membranous cytoplasmic bodies in Schwann cells, vessel walls,
      fibroblasts, smooth muscle fibres and sweat glands, and the presence of some
      electron-lucent vacuoles, filled with fibrillo-granular material, in sweat
      glands. Biochemical analysis of cultured fibroblasts (from skin explant) showed a
      complete deficiency of the sialidase acting on gangliosides, while the sialidase
      acting on sialyllactose and MU-NeuAc, and several lysomal hydrolases were normal.
      The urine sediment analysis showed accumulation of all phospholipid species, of
      several glycolipids and of gangliosides, especially of the polysialylated
      species. We conclude that the patient under examination is affected by
      Mucolipidosis IV and the term 'sialolipidosis' is suggested for this inborn
      disorder.

PMID- 6820446
TI  - Residual activity in fibroblasts from two brothers with the late-onset form of N
      acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase deficiency.

PMID- 6820445
TI  - Increased excretion of four acetyl-CoA precursors during clinical episode of
      propionic acidaemia.
AB  - Propionic acidaemia (McKusick 23200) is caused by reduced activity of propionyl
      CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3). A number of metabolites characteristic of this
      disease are excreted in patients' urine. We have developed a method of chemical
      diagnosis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Since our first
      chemical diagnosis (Matsumoto et al., 1978), we have diagnosed seven patients.
      Profiles of urinary acids, however, varied from patient to patient. Factors
      affecting these profiles may be genetic make-up, age, or the patient's clinical
      and nutritional conditions. We have compared two metabolic profiles of a girl
      under different clinical conditions and found increased excretion of acetyl-CoA
      precursors during clinical episodes.

PMID- 6820448
TI  - A lysosomal storage disorder in mice: a model of Niemann-Pick disease.

PMID- 6820447
TI  - Different ketogenic response to medium-chain triglycerides and to long-chain
      triglycerides in a case of muscular carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency.

PMID- 6820451
TI  - [Usefulness of selected biological tests for detection of enteropathogenicity of
      Escherichia coli strains isolated from children hospitalized for diarrhea].

PMID- 6820452
TI  - [Effect of purified proteases (I-elastase, II-protease) on the course of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in DBA/2H mice].

PMID- 6820450
TI  - Simple 'wet calibrator' for use with transcutaneous gas sensors.

PMID- 6820453
TI  - [Effect of the toxic agents of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture on the course of
      pregnancy and fetal development in Porton mice].

PMID- 6820454
TI  - [Usefulness of the coagglutination test for identification of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae].

PMID- 6820449
TI  - Normal pterin values in urine and serum in neonates and its age-related change
      throughout life.
AB  - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency has been described as a form of
      hyperphenylalaninaemia in which severe neurological symptoms develop despite
      early treatment with low phenylalanine diet. In recent years it has become
      apparent that biopterin deficiency may be caused by a defect either of
      dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR, EC 1.6.99.10) or dihydrobiopterin synthetase
      (DHBS) (Niederwieser et al., 1979). Since it was proposed that treatment with
      precursors of the neurotransmitters involved could prevent neurological
      deterioration if started within the first months after birth (Curtius et al.,
      1979), screening of all neonates with hyperphenylalaninaemia for biopterin
      disorders, and a non-invasive reliable method for the diagnosis of two types of
      BH4 deficiency are needed urgently. Assessment of pterin derivatives in
      biological fluids, mostly in urine, by high performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) is proposed as a reliable diagnostic method and Crithidia fasciculata
      bioassay is also a very sensitive method of measuring biopterin activity. Thus
      normal values of pterin derivatives during the neonatal period are needed.
      Nevertheless, few reports on a small number of neonates have so far been found
      (Niederwieser et al., 1980). In this study we describe normal values of pterin
      derivatives in urine and biopterin activity in serum, and their age-related
      change in early neonates, young infants, children and adults.

PMID- 6820455
TI  - Diagnosis of organic acidemias by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.

PMID- 6820456
TI  - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: clinical decision making and cost
      effectiveness analysis.
AB  - Decision-analytic techniques were used to evaluate the choice between an
      aortocoronary bypass operation and medical management in a set of hypothetical
      patients with coronary artery disease. The decision framework incorporates
      variables believed to have an important bearing on the choice of treatment.
      Probability estimates were obtained from two cardiologists and one cardiac
      surgeon. Patient preferences for the trade-off between years of survival and the
      quality of life as reflected by the severity of angina pectoris were made
      explicit by assigning utility values to alternative health outcomes. The results
      are expressed in terms of quality-adjusted years of life expectancy. Decision
      analysis favored operation for 13 of the 14 hypothetical patients, including
      patients with one- and two-vessel disease. The one patient for whom medical
      treatment was preferred had mild angina pectoris, severe left ventricular
      dysfunction, and a poor prognosis regardless of therapeutic modality. The results
      are sensitive to changes in the probability of long-term survival, but not to
      changes in operative mortality rates. In five patients, the physicians' clinical
      judgments favored medical treatment, whereas their decision-analysis-derived
      estimates of survival favored operation. Possible explanations for these
      discrepancies are discussed. A simplified cost-effectiveness analysis for
      patients in whom surgery was the optimal treatment indicated costs ranging from
      $1,500 to $250,000 per year of life gained and from $1,500 to $32,000 per quality
      adjusted year of life gained.

PMID- 6820457
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of screening for hypo- and hyperthyroidism in India.
AB  - The development of relatively inexpensive radioimmunoassay techniques opens new
      possibilities for widespread screening for hypo- and hyperthyroidism in
      developing regions where iodine deficiency is great. From component cost
      analysis, it appears that radioimmunoassays of thyroid hormones can be performed
      in India for as little as 2.4 rupees (29 cents) per test. Cost-effectiveness
      analysis indicates that screening for hypothyroidism in iodine-deficient areas in
      India is, of alternative detection strategies, the most cost-effective: Cases are
      found at an average cost of 40 rupees ($4.80) per case. Cost breakdowns and
      considerations of convenience and acceptability indicate that filter paper
      methods may soon be preferred to whole-blood assays, especially for screening.
      Cost-effectiveness findings for these screening strategies and for reasonable
      modifications of them should be compared with the estimated cost-effectiveness of
      iodine supplementation in determining optimal health policy toward subclinical
      thyroid disease.

PMID- 6820458
TI  - Diagnostic strategies in the management of unexplained visual loss. A cost
      benefit analysis.
AB  - In the investigation of visual loss from anterior visual pathway disease, it is
      imperative to differentiate the infrequent compressive from the much more common
      noncompressive lesions. To determine how relatively low-cost, risk-free, but
      error-prone visual field examination (VF) and high-cost, risk-prone, but accurate
      CT Scan (CT) and cerebral angiography (Angio) can be cost-effectively utilized to
      solve this diagnostic problem, the authors have developed a decision making model
      for the analysis of three management strategies. The visual field examination
      precedes and determines the use of neuroradiologic studies in Strategy A (VF-CT
      Angio), whereas it follows the neuroradiologic studies in Strategies B (CT-VF
      Angio) and C (CT-Angio-VF). The visual field-determined strategy (A) proved most
      cost-effective, based upon an estimated 6% or lower relative prevalence of
      chiasmal compressive lesions, a negligible risk in delaying their diagnosis, and
      a sensitive method of visual field examination. At a visual field sensitivity to
      chiasmal defects of 84% and a specificity of 88%, Strategy A annually saves $4
      million over Strategy B and $27 million over Strategy C. At lower levels of
      perimetric accuracy, Strategy B is the most cost-effective approach. Strategy C
      is never cost-effective.

PMID- 6820459
TI  - Economic assessments of medical practices and technologies.
AB  - Cost-effectiveness analysis can be useful as an aid to decision makers concerned
      with the allocation of health care resources. The approach requires an explicit,
      quantitative measure of the health effectiveness of the intervention under
      analysis, as well as a measure of its net resource cost. Cost-effectiveness
      analyses are less useful if the measure of effectiveness is expressed in units
      that are unique to the intervention or class of interventions being considered
      than if the measure is comparable across interventions. The life year as a unit
      offers the advantage of comparability across programs, but its use in cost
      effectiveness analysis can be misleading if the effects of the program in
      question include changes in the quality of life. Cost-effectiveness analyses of
      estrogen therapy in the menopause, high blood pressure control, and coronary
      artery bypass surgery are used to illustrate the method of analysis and the
      sensitivity of conclusions to the manner in which quality-of-life impacts are
      included explicitly (or excluded entirely). Cost-effectiveness analyses,
      therefore, should always include sensitivity analyses in which preference weights
      and parameters are varied over the plausible range. Inability to measure the
      quality of life and preferences regarding such effects should not be an excuse
      for failing to include them in a cost-effectiveness analysis.

PMID- 6820460
TI  - A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for hepatitis B surface antigen in
      India.
AB  - We have developed a quantitative model to study the impact of screening for the
      hepatitis B surface antigen using either second-generation
      (counterimmunoelectrophoresis) or third-generation (radioimmunoassay) tests. This
      model was fashioned for general use but was applied to data on hepatitis for
      India, in an attempt to determine what factors would most influence the decision
      to institute a screening program for the surface antigen in that country.
      Screening for the surface antigen should reduce post-transfusion hepatitis B
      significantly--second-generation testing by 81% and third-generation testing by
      99.4%. The marginal cost of substituting counter-immunoelectrophoresis testing
      for no testing is 557 rupees per case averted, and that of substituting
      radioimmunoassay for counterimmunoelectrophoresis testing is 1,120 rupees per
      case averted. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the major impact on costs will
      result not from changes in the sensitivity or specificity of new screening tests,
      but rather in their costs.

PMID- 6820461
TI  - Health economic analysis of the Swedish neonatal metabolic screening programme. A
      method of optimizing routines.
AB  - A benefit-cost analysis was carried out to optimize the routines for neonatal
      metabolic screening. The basis of the study was provided by results of the
      Swedish neonatal screening programme from 1965 to 1979. During this period over
      one million infants were screened by the Guthrie test for phenylketonuria and
      galactosaemia, and for limited periods also for tyrosinaemia, homocystinuria and
      histidinaemia. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated for combinations of
      different screening tests, recall routines, and varying degrees of coverage. The
      largest benefit-cost ratio was obtained with combined screening for
      phenylketonuria and galactosaemia, using a borderline blood phenylalanine level
      of 0.50 mmol/L in the Guthrie test for phenylketonuria. However, the inaccuracy
      of this test necessitated the use of a lower blood phenylalanine level of 0.25
      mmol/L and the acceptance of a lower benefit-cost ratio. An increase in the
      present 98% coverage of newborns by the screening programme was found to be an
      effective means of improving the benefit-cost ratio in the present programme.

PMID- 6820462
TI  - Elective surgery in the setting of comorbid anesthesia risk. Timing of
      cholecystectomy in a patient with Graves' disease and hepatitis.

PMID- 6820463
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi and immunoprotection: study of an attenuated strain.

PMID- 6820465
TI  - [Survival of a patient population with chronic Chagas disease].

PMID- 6820466
TI  - Increased prevalence of cholelithiasis in chronic Chagas disease.

PMID- 6820464
TI  - [Natural killer cytotoxic activity in chronic Chagas disease].

PMID- 6820467
TI  - [The challenge of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 6820470
TI  - Dose-dependent response of FSH, flushes and urinary calcium to oestrogen.
AB  - The reduction of gonadotrophin levels, urinary calcium and hot flushes in post
      menopausal patients by ethinyl oestradiol is shown to be dose dependent, near
      maximum response being achieved by a dose of 15 micrograms daily. Equivalent
      ethinyl oestradiol doses to a number of other gonadal hormone preparations have
      been assessed using the derived dose-response curve of the reduction in urinary
      calcium.

PMID- 6820468
TI  - [Sudden death and Chagas' disease--analysis of predisposing factors of sudden
      death in chronic Chagas' patients].

PMID- 6820469
TI  - Contribution to the study of immune hemolysis by toad complement.

PMID- 6820471
TI  - Immunochemical comparisons among lipopolysaccharides from symbiotic luminous
      bacteria isolated from several luminous marine animals.

PMID- 6820472
TI  - Annual change of the isolation rates of mycobacteria from sputum specimens.

PMID- 6820473
TI  - Therapeutic effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and sodium etidronate on renal
      osteodystrophy.
AB  - The effects of long-term treatment with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) and
      disodium ethane-1-hydroxydiphosphonate, or 25OHD3 alone on biochemical
      parameters, and radiographic and quantitative histomorphometry of bone tissue
      were evaluated in 17 dialysis patients. They all displayed evidence of bone
      disease consisting of osteitis fibrosa and defective mineralization of varying
      degree and predominance. 100 micrograms/day of 25OHD3 significantly improved the
      state of bone mineralization in many patients with a pronounced fall in the
      osteoid volume and surface and produced a small reduction in the active
      resorption surface. Serum parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase
      levels decreased in some patients. The combination of 25OHD3 with EHDP caused the
      healing of bone mineralization as did 25OHD3 alone and produced a significant
      fall in serum alkaline phosphatase and iPTH. The mean magnitude of the reduction
      in iPTH was higher in patients treated with 25OHD3 and EHDP than with 25OHD3
      alone. Treatment with 25OHD3 and EHDP seems more effective for the improvement of
      osteitis fibrosa than is 25OHD3 alone.

PMID- 6820475
TI  - Zinc deficiency and the kidney. I. Effect on renal carbonic anhydrase activity.
AB  - Tissue zinc concentration and the activity of the zinc metalloenzyme, carbonic
      anhydrase, were quantified in whole blood and kidneys of weanling male Sprague
      Dawley rats with diet-induced zinc deficiency. Zinc-deficient rats were fed ad
      libitum a commercially prepared diet containing less than 1 ppm zinc. Zinc
      supplemented rats were ad libitum or pair-fed a control diet containing 60 ppm
      zinc. All animals were fed their respective diets for 3-6 weeks. Body and kidney
      growth were severely compromised after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding the zinc
      deficient diet. Plasma and kidney zinc concentrations were significantly
      decreased in zinc-deficient animals after 6 weeks. While whole blood carbonic
      anhydrase activity of zinc-deficient rats was significantly greater than zinc
      supplemented animals after 6 weeks, no differences in renal carbonic anhydrase
      activity were found between zinc-deficient animals and pair-fed controls. Results
      reported in this study suggest that zinc deficiency imposed at weaning in rats
      may be a contributing factor to retarded kidney maturation and alterations in
      blood carbonic anhydrase activity.

PMID- 6820474
TI  - pH dependence of short-circuit current and active phosphate transport by toad
      bladder.
AB  - The effect of changing the pH of the mucosal and serosal bathing solutions on
      active Na transport (estimated by the short-circuit current) and active inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) transport was studied in the toad bladder. The short-circuit
      current was unaffected by lowering the pH from 7.6 to 7.1 but was inhibited (29
      45%) at pH 6.6, 8.1, 8.6, 9.1, or 9.6. The Pi transport was not changed when the
      pH was increased from 7.6 to 8.1, but was totally inhibited at pH 6.6, 7.1, 8.6,
      9.1 or 9.6. Thus, active transport of Pi occurs only when most of the Pi is HPO4(
      2), but the effect of varying pH on active Pi transport in the toad bladder is
      more complicated than a simple titration of Pi.

PMID- 6820477
TI  - [Development of a new therapeutic method of brain infarction in the acute period:
      revascularization under the administration of mannitol and perfluorochemicals].
AB  - Ten cases were treated with systematic administration of mannitol followed by the
      blood substitute, perfluorochemicals, in the acute period of cerebral infarction
      in order to suppress the development of infarction and progressive deterioration.
      This chemotherapy was followed by reconstructive vascular surgery. There were 8
      cases of cerebral infarction and 2 other cases in which cerebral vascular
      occlusion occurred during surgery. Due to this treatment, there were no cases of
      aggravated condition or death and at the time of follow-up examination after 2
      months, and 8 of the ten patients returned to productive lives. We consequently
      believe that this therapeutic method may prove to be the effective means for
      treating cerebral infarction in the acute period. It is also thought that this
      method is applicable in surgical cases where long-term vascular occlusion is
      required.

PMID- 6820478
TI  - Economic evaluation of different vaccination programmes to prevent congenital
      rubella.
AB  - Vaccination against rubella was introduced in Norway in 1978. Without any
      vaccination policy the frequency of congenital rubella is estimated at 0.4 per
      1000 births. In this paper the consequences and effectiveness of the various
      vaccination programmes are evaluated by applying a cost benefit model.
      Economically, all strategies to prevent congenital rubella turn out to be cost
      effective. However, based on the benefit/cost ratios and the net benefit the
      following recommendation can be made: vaccination, preferentially with the
      polyvalent vaccine, should be offered to all girls in puberty as a permanent
      running programme. In addition, this policy should be supplemented for one or two
      decades with a programme offering vaccination to non-immunized women after
      delivery and to women especially at risk of exposure. However, if the
      participation and acceptance rate of the vaccination is less than 100%, permanent
      vaccination offered at two different ages (i e in childhood and in puberty) gives
      the best results in the prevention of congenital cases.

PMID- 6820476
TI  - Diffusion of intracerebrally injected [1-14C]arachidonic acid and [2-3H]glycerol
      in the mouse brain. Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - [2-3H]Glycerol and [1-14C]arachidonic acid were injected into the region of the
      frontal horn of the left ventricle of mice and were distributed rapidly
      throughout the brain. After 10 sec, most of the radioactive fatty acid was found
      in the hemisphere near the injection site; after 10 min, it was recovered in
      similar proportions in the cerebellum and brain stem. [2-3H]Glycerol showed a
      heterogeneous distribution, with most of the label remaining in the left
      hemisphere even after 10 min. On a fresh weight basis, cerebrum, cerebellum, and
      brain stem were found to contain similar amounts of labeled glycerol. However,
      the amount of [1-14C]arachidonate in cerebrum was only 50% of that recovered from
      cerebellum or brain stem. Brain ischemia or a single electroconvulsive shock
      reduced the spread of the label, producing an accumulation of radioactivity in
      the injected hemisphere, except for an increase in [2-3H]glycerol in the brain
      stem during ischemia. Despite the significant decrease in available precursor in
      the cerebellum and brain stem after electroshock, the amount of label
      incorporated into lipids was not altered in these areas and only slightly
      diminished in the cerebrum.

PMID- 6820479
TI  - Induction of wet-dog shakes by intracerebral 'acid' TRH in rats.
AB  - Less than Glu-His-Pro-OH or 'acid' TRH, until now considered to be an inactive
      metabolite of TRH, induces in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly
      (i.c.v.), stereotyped behavior and, from 12.5 micrograms, wet-dog shakes (WDS).
      WDS induced by 200 micrograms less than Glu-His-Pro-OH are antagonized by
      apomorphine, haloperidol and cyproheptadine while phentolamine and naloxone are
      without effect. For this action 'acid' TRH appears as effective as TRH itself and
      might have the same mechanism.

PMID- 6820481
TI  - Response of rubromotoneuronal cells identified by spike-triggered averaging of
      EMG activity in awake monkeys.
AB  - Red nucleus neurons were recorded in awake monkeys during alternating ramp-and
      hold wrist movements into flexion and extension position zones. Spike-triggered
      averages (STAs) of rectified EMG activity of wrist flexor and extensor muscles
      were computed to document effects of single RN cells on the activity of forelimb
      motoneurons. Some red nucleus cells produced a transient short-latency post-spike
      facilitation (PSF) of motor unit firing probability, indicative of underlying
      rubromotoneuronal (RM) connections. We, therefore, termed these RM cells. The
      discharge of wrist-related red nucleus cells was more strongly correlated with
      the dynamic than static component of wrist movement.

PMID- 6820480
TI  - Transneuronal transport in the visual system of the toad, Bufo marinus.
AB  - Secondary optic projections were studied in the toad, Bufo marinus using the
      method of transneuronal transport of triated proline and fucose. Following a
      survival of 14 days after eye injection autoradiographic label was transported
      transneuronally to the contralateral nucleus isthmi, the deeper layers of the
      contralateral tectum, the pontine region, the ipsilateral tectum and to the
      contralateral thalamus. Toads which survived 21 days or longer exhibited
      transneuronal transport of isotope to the contralateral telencephalon. The
      labelled patch in the telencephalon was located in the striatum, in the region of
      the lateral forebrain bundle.

PMID- 6820482
TI  - Vestibular input to visual tracking neurons in the posterior parietal association
      cortex of the monkey.
AB  - Single unit recordings were made in the posterior parietal association cortex
      (area 7) of the behaving monkey. Visual tracking neurons were identified by the
      discharge pattern during the task of pursuit of moving visual objects. Vestibular
      inputs to these tracking neurons were examined by sinusoidal rotation of the
      turntable, on which the monkey was seated. The activity of more than half of
      horizontal tracking neurons was modulated by horizontal rotation in the dark.
      Most of them responded to the head rotation with the same preferred direction as
      visual tracking. It was concluded that visual tracking neurons of area 7 receive
      vestibular input and therefore are likely to integrate visual and vestibular
      informations.

PMID- 6820483
TI  - Mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic neurons are necessary for normal
      exploratory behavior in rats.
AB  - After ablation of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic neurons produced by 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injections in the anterolateral hypothalamus, rats
      investigate a novel object less. Systemic administration of the dopamine (DA)
      agonist apomorphine increases investigatory movements in these DA-denervated rats
      when the object is novel, but not when the object is familiar. Pimozide
      pretreatment prevents the increased investigation produced by apomorphine in DA
      denervated rats. These findings suggest that mesolimbic and mesocortical DA
      neurons are necessary for normal exploratory behavior in the rat.

PMID- 6820484
TI  - Unilateral blockade of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle and septal
      elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm.
AB  - Unilateral blockade of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle was produced by
      injections of procaine or of 6-hydroxydopamine. The threshold current of septal
      stimulation required to drive the hippocampal theta rhythm was then investigated
      at frequencies between 5.9 and 10.0 Hz. With both types of blockade the threshold
      frequency function showed a normal 7.7 Hz minimum ipsilaterally and an abolition
      of the minimum contralaterally. Ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions had no
      effect. Septal elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm may, therefore, be
      dependent on a noradrenergic mechanism controlling aspects of the theta rhythm,
      e.g. interhemispheric balance, which would not be obvious in ordinary spontaneous
      records.

PMID- 6820485
TI  - A multivariable evoked potential measure applied to human epilepsy.
AB  - Based upon a three-dimensional plot (response plane) representing a condensation
      of human sensory evoked potential data obtained from a paired stimulus protocol,
      a study was undertaken to investigate electrophysiological changes following
      sodium valproate administration in subjects with photosensitive epilepsy. Initial
      results in two patients and two normal subjects suggest that the measure is
      reproducible and sensitive to electrophysiological changes accompanying
      anticonvulsant administration.

PMID- 6820486
TI  - UPD-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase activity in dissociated cell
      cultures from brain hemispheres of newborn rats.
AB  - Primary cultures enriched in oligodendroglial cells were prepared from
      dissociated newborn rat brain. Enzymatic study revealed the presence of high
      specific activities of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT) and
      2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP). The specific activity of CGalT
      was twice as high as that of brain. The CGalT activity increased from 16 days in
      culture, reached a maximum at about 50 days and declined thereafter. The CNP
      activity reached a maximum after 60-70 days in culture and remained more or less
      stable in the following period. The results indicate that in oligodendroglial
      cells in vitro the regulation of CGalT activity proceeds in a manner similar to
      that of myelinating brain.

PMID- 6820487
TI  - [Intal in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children. I. Effect of intal on
      the clinical course of asthma].

PMID- 6820488
TI  - [Intal in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children. II. Physical
      characteristics of the respiratory system].

PMID- 6820489
TI  - [Incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in preschool children].

PMID- 6820491
TI  - [Multiple progressive cerebral arterial stenoses, stenosis of renal artery and
      Recklinghausen's disease. Apropos of a case of moyamoya in an infant].

PMID- 6820490
TI  - [Dermatomyositis and polymyositis].

PMID- 6820492
TI  - [Is it preferable to prescribe 1 or 2 daily doses of sodium valproate?].
AB  - Enteric-coated tablets containing 1 500 mg of sodium valproate (VPA) were
      administered in a randomized fashion either once or three times a day for 7 days
      to 6 healthy adult volunteers. Plasma total VPA levels and unbound fractions of
      the drug were determined 2-hourly on the last day of each treatment. Peak plasma
      concentrations were higher, and minimum plasma concentrations lower with one
      single dose than with three doses. In subjects who received three doses, the
      concentration curves tended to plateau, with higher AUC values. However, none of
      the differences observed reached statistical significance. The clinical
      implications of these pharmacokinetic data are discussed.

PMID- 6820494
TI  - [Resistance to antitubercular drugs in patients with tuberculosis registered in
      the antituberculosis clinics in Poland 1966-1980].

PMID- 6820493
TI  - [Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with danazol. Effects on carbohydrate
      metabolism].

PMID- 6820495
TI  - [Effect of manganese, iron and titanium on the function of the respiratory
      system].

PMID- 6820496
TI  - [Macrophage activity in anti-Mycobacterium immunity. II. Direct contact of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the macrophage].

PMID- 6820500
TI  - The use of intravenous nitroglycerin in cardiovascular disease.
AB  - The development of an intravenous form of nitroglycerin has further enhanced the
      role of nitrates in the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. This new preparation
      permits prompt initiation of therapy and rapid attainment of high systemic
      levels; because of its short half-life, rapid dose titration is both feasible and
      safe. The antianginal effects of intravenous nitroglycerin are useful in the
      treatment of coronary vasospasm and unstable angina pectoris. Its hemodynamic
      effects are of benefit in the therapy of congestive heart failure and in the
      control of peri-operative hypertension. Recent data suggest that, with
      appropriate monitoring, intravenous nitroglycerin can be safely administered to
      patients with evolving myocardial infarction to reduce the extent of myocardial
      damage.

PMID- 6820498
TI  - [Sella area pituitary function in prepubertal patients with thyroid dysgenesis
      and clinically delayed hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6820497
TI  - [Transpyloric alimentation in a neonatal pathology center].
AB  - In the Neonatal Pathology Center of Pontecorvo Hospital the Authors have made use
      of A.E.C. (continuous enteral alimentation) or transpyloric technique according
      Cheek, Staub and Minoli, in order to control its advantages published in
      literature. Eight newborn infants (six males and two females), hospitalized from
      may the 1st/1979 to april 30/1980, have been studied: their middle weight at the
      birth was ounces 66,62, the middle G.A. 32,62 weeks; five newborn infants of them
      were affected by R.D.S., two of them by M.I.P. and only one was affected by
      microcephaly with convulsive syndrome. No decease and no stressing complication
      happened; only in three of them (37,75%) the Authors decided to stop the feeding
      for 24 hours, because they had biliary vomitings. It's very necessary to feed
      them with human milk or, at least, with modified milk at low osmolarity; the
      feeding characteristics are suggested and particular cares must be taken as said
      in the instructions. Finally, in consideration of the good results obtained, the
      Authors affirme that even in the suburban hospitals the A.E.C. can be utilized
      recommending its use.

PMID- 6820499
TI  - [Statistics on 123 children with febrile convulsions from 1976 to 1981 with
      possible advantages of continuous prophylaxis with valproic acid and/or
      phenobarbital].
AB  - All children (6 months to 5 years of age) presenting with febrile seizures have
      been followed for 3-5 years. Analysis of the data of 123 children gave the
      following results: -in 20 cases the duration of the convulsions was longer than
      20 minutes; -males were prevalent (60,2%) and characterised by a longer duration
      of convulsive manifestations (20,2% of cases); -valproic acid (20-30 mg/kg/die)
      or phenobarbital (3-5 mg/kg/die) prophylaxis for a minimum of I year protect
      against recurrence of convulsions (26,6% of new episodes in non treated vs 10,2%
      in treated patients); -irrespective of drug prophylaxis, recurrence is minimal
      and approaches zero, when the first episode occurs in children older than 3
      years; -only one case (0,8%) had recurrence not associated with fever, during
      valproic acid treatment two years after the first episode.

PMID- 6820502
TI  - [Effectiveness - strategy of selection of the optimal diagnostic method].

PMID- 6820501
TI  - Oxprenolol hydrochloride: a long-term study of efficacy, safety, and
      tolerability.
AB  - Thirty-five patients whose hypertension was not adequately controlled with
      optimum doses of hydrochlorothiazide (50-200 mg) entered a long-term study to
      evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oxprenolol hydrochloride (60
      480 mg). All patients were included in the analysis of safety and tolerability,
      while the data of 26 patients studied for at least 22 months were used for a
      parametric analysis of efficacy. Mean standing systolic/diastolic blood pressure
      was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced from 171/106 mm Hg to 142/85 mm Hg
      within three weeks of treatment. There was a similar reduction in supine blood
      pressure. All 26 patients were normotensive at the end of the titration period
      and blood pressure control was maintained for at least 22 months of therapy.
      Oxprenolol produced no serious adverse effects. The results of this long-term
      study suggest that oxprenolol is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the
      treatment of thiazide-resistant hypertension.

PMID- 6820503
TI  - [Non-efficacious radiology].

PMID- 6820505
TI  - Large-scale and small-scale methods for the preparation of 5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate.
AB  - Two procedures have been developed for the synthesis and isolation of 5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate, the cofactor for the reaction catalyzed by thymidylate
      synthetase, one of which can be used for large-scale preparations of the cofactor
      and the other for small-scale syntheses especially suitable for obtaining the
      radiolabeled cofactor. The large-scale procedure involves treatment of folic acid
      with dithionite to give dihydrofolate, which is then converted to
      tetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (L. casei). The small-scale method
      involves a direct enzymatic reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate by
      dihydrofolate reductase, and has been used to prepare the double-labeled 5,10
      [14C]methylene[3',5',7,9-3H]tetrahydrofolate. In both procedures, after the
      reduction steps have been performed, the tetrahydrofolate is treated in situ with
      formaldehyde prior to purification by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, thus
      allowing the isolation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate as a dry powder after
      lyophilization. This product is active in the enzyme reaction without the further
      addition of excess formaldehyde as in previous procedures. The cofactor prepared
      in this manner has much improved stability toward oxidation compared to free
      tetrahydrofolate.

PMID- 6820504
TI  - The symptomatic and objective effects of nifedipine in combination with beta
      blocker therapy in severe angina pectoris.
AB  - Nine patients with severe coronary artery disease and disabling angina receiving
      either regular metoprolol or oxprenolol, together with glyceryl trinitrate
      tablets as required for chest pain, were studied. Nifedipine 10 mg three times
      per day was compared to placebo in a double blind randomized control trial, using
      patient diary cards and exercise tests. The number of recorded episodes of angina
      during the placebo period of 15.0 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) per patient per week
      was significantly reduced to 11.2 +/- 2.5 during the nifedipine period (P less
      than 0.05). Similarly, the recorded number of glyceryl trinitrate tablets
      consumed during the placebo period of 12.6 +/- 2.1 was significantly reduced to
      9.1 +/- 2.0 tablets per patient per week during the nifedipine period (P less
      than 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in both the duration
      of exercise to onset of chest pain (from 241 +/- 16.3 seconds on placebo to 306
      +/- 38.4 seconds on nifedipine (P less than 0.05)) and the total work performed
      to the onset of chest pain during the nifedipine period compared to the control
      and placebo periods (P less than 0.05). There was a significant increase (P less
      than 0.05) in exercise time before the onset of appreciable ST depression
      (greater than 1 mm) on exercise testing during the nifedipine period (66.2 +/-
      4.2 sec) compared to the control period (51.2 +/- 3.0 sec) and placebo periods
      (58.7 +/- 3.5 sec). Although nifedipine was generally well tolerated, one patient
      experienced a severe episode of angina whilst taking the drug, which required
      admission to hospital.

PMID- 6820506
TI  - [A study on cerebrospinal fluid and saliva to serum concentration ratios of
      anticonvulsants--Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Valproic Acid and Primidone in
      epileptic patients].

PMID- 6820508
TI  - [The development of hypnotherapy in Europe].

PMID- 6820507
TI  - [Rheoencephalography in child and adulthood].

PMID- 6820509
TI  - [Recent development of hypnotherapy in Anglo-American countries].

PMID- 6820510
TI  - [Clinical experiences with hypnosis in the Czech republic (I)].

PMID- 6820511
TI  - [Clinical experiences with hypnosis in the Czech republic (II)].

PMID- 6820512
TI  - [Hypnosis and autogenic therapy in Poland].

PMID- 6820513
TI  - [Recent research results in hypnosis from the USSR: a) The nature of the hypnotic
      state].

PMID- 6820514
TI  - [Recent research results in hypnosis from the USSR: b) The role of regional
      synchronization and biofeedback in the mechanisms of hypnotic suggestion].

PMID- 6820515
TI  - [Hypnosis and group psychotherapy].

PMID- 6820516
TI  - [The use of hypnosis in some forms of neuroses].

PMID- 6820517
TI  - [Hypnotizability of hypnotists].

PMID- 6820518
TI  - [Hypnocatharsis and autogenic abreaction].

PMID- 6820519
TI  - [Hypnotherapy of pain--personal experiences].

PMID- 6820520
TI  - [Significance of hypnotherapy in the treatment of alcoholics].

PMID- 6820521
TI  - [Psychotherapy of sex disorders].

PMID- 6820522
TI  - [Hypnosis in vital indications].

PMID- 6820523
TI  - [An immunological study in hemophiliacs].

PMID- 6820524
TI  - [Congenital duodenal obstruction. Critical study of its treatment].

PMID- 6820525
TI  - [Influence of zinc contaminant on serum zinc levels in parenteral feeding].

PMID- 6820526
TI  - [Curves of factor VIII activity in the plasma of hemophiliacs after injection of
      500 units of lyophilized factor VIII].

PMID- 6820528
TI  - [Bm phenotype with weak anti-B serum activity].

PMID- 6820527
TI  - [Functional classification of infertile men for treatment planning].

PMID- 6820529
TI  - [Critical analysis of elemental diet and parenteral feeding in severe
      enteropathies].

PMID- 6820531
TI  - [Changes in plasma prolactin levels in men with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6820532
TI  - [Changes in human growth hormone secretion in uremia].

PMID- 6820530
TI  - [Esophageal contractility in Chagas' patients with peristalsis and aperistalsis].

PMID- 6820533
TI  - [Report of the Intensive Care Unit of the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation
      Department of the Sotomayor Health Center 1981].

PMID- 6820534
TI  - [Indication of tele-electroencephalography coupled to videoscopy in the study of
      higher functions in the epileptic child].
AB  - An examination procedure, including psychometric tests performed during a tele
      encephalographic recording coupled to videoscopy, has been applied twice to 32
      epileptic children in a double-blind study appreciating the clinical and
      electroencephalographic effects of an antiepileptic drug. The psychometric test
      scores were influenced by the presence of subclinical spikes and spike-and-wave
      discharges or by seizures of very short duration eluding investigation of the
      psychologist. It is shown that psychometric test results can be interpreted in a
      different way according to the procedural choice. Without simultaneous tele
      encephalographic and videoscopic documents, the anti-epileptic drug tested in the
      study (sodium valproate) would have been considered as having a direct favorable
      action on superior functions appreciated by performance on the tests used.
      However, it has been possible to demonstrate that the improvement is consecutive
      to the beneficial effect of the drug in relieving seizures and subclinical spikes
      and spike-and-wave discharges.

PMID- 6820535
TI  - [Mitral insufficiency and severe aortic stenosis in a patient with Hunter's
      syndrome].

PMID- 6820536
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions during
      progressive exercise in a seated position on a bicycle ergometer in patients
      suffering from exertion angina. Comparison with nitroglycerine and a placebo].

PMID- 6820538
TI  - [Effect of EGMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) on the lung in vivo-
      reductions in the pulmonary blood flow volume and pulmonary compliance caused by
      V-A bypass].

PMID- 6820537
TI  - [Problems in duodenal diverticula].

PMID- 6820539
TI  - Prolactin secretion in alcoholics.

PMID- 6820540
TI  - [Cure and quiescent period in acromegaly. Long-term results of surgery or
      radiotherapy].

PMID- 6820541
TI  - [Quality control. II. Patient averages in the quality control of serum
      electrolyte measurements].

PMID- 6820542
TI  - [Mycotoxins as toxic and carcinogenic pollutants].

PMID- 6820543
TI  - Influence of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors upon
      amphetamine and caffeine action at the level of central nervous system (CNS)

PMID- 6820545
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional aerobic capacity in mitral prostheses. Preliminary
      report].
AB  - Based on the results of an ergometric stress testing performed in 22 patients
      with mitral replacement, the author concludes that this method is a highly
      reproductive and safe to evaluate the functional improvement of patients
      undergoing a mitral replacement. The results are similar for Bjork-Shiley (11
      patients) and Starr-Edwards prothesis (11 patients), slurring that the only
      parameter that can affect functional results can be a controlled rehabilitation
      program.

PMID- 6820546
TI  - Screening to control infectious diseases: evaluation of control programs for
      gonorrhea and syphilis.
AB  - Gonorrhea and syphilis serve as models for the definition of criteria for the
      evaluation of screening programs for detection of disease. Mass screening and
      selective screening are distinguished from individual screening (case finding).
      Important characteristics of screening tests are sensitivity, specificity,
      efficiency, precision, accuracy, and acceptability. Program evaluation includes
      process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Major criteria to consider in the
      evaluation of mass screening programs are prevalence and incidence of disease,
      predictive value of tests used, yield, available screening tests, acceptance,
      follow-up services, costs and benefits, and control over the spread of infection.
      All forms of screening programs should be evaluated by available methods so that
      they will operate with maximal efficiency and so that nonproductive programs can
      be discarded.

PMID- 6820544
TI  - Use of lithium carbonate in treatment of central granulocytopenias.

PMID- 6820547
TI  - [Cardiorespiratory arrest. Cardiorespiratory resuscitation in pediatric practice.
      I].

PMID- 6820549
TI  - [Poisoning with tetraethyl lead. Considerations on 15 cases].

PMID- 6820550
TI  - [Study of pesticide poisoning].

PMID- 6820548
TI  - [Hematological emergencies in children].

PMID- 6820551
TI  - [Acute accidental poisonings with nitrites. Preliminary study of a group of 101
      cases].

PMID- 6820553
TI  - [Acute benign intracranial hypertension with spontaneous recovery (reference to 5
      cases)].

PMID- 6820552
TI  - [Study of acute poisonings with cyanogenetic substances (apricot seed kernels)].

PMID- 6820554
TI  - [Aspects of intensive therapy in major surgical emergencies in newborn and other
      infants].

PMID- 6820555
TI  - [Monitoring criteria in pediatric intensive therapy].

PMID- 6820556
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia secondary to severe acute bronchopulmonary diseases in
      infants with protein-calorie malnutrition].

PMID- 6820557
TI  - [Cardiorespiratory arrest. Cardiorespiratory resuscitation at birth, a special
      situation in cardiorespiratory resuscitation in pediatric practice. II].

PMID- 6820558
TI  - [Rational nutrition: diversification of the food of infants and small children].

PMID- 6820559
TI  - [Hypertrophic obstructive myocardiopathy (considerations on 2 cases)].

PMID- 6820560
TI  - [Infectious complications of intravenous perfusions in infants. I].

PMID- 6820561
TI  - [The role of magnesium deficiency in convulsive syndromes in children].

PMID- 6820562
TI  - ["Handicapping" aspects of the post-streptococcal syndrome in children
      (observations on cases in the pediatric section)].

PMID- 6820563
TI  - [Zinc, copper, manganese and lithium trace elements in human milk].

PMID- 6820564
TI  - [Chronic familial thrombopenia. Considerations on a clinical case].

PMID- 6820565
TI  - [Extensive intestinal resection and parenteral nutrition].

PMID- 6820566
TI  - The human erythrocyte cryptantigen Tk: exposure by an endo-beta-galactosidase
      from Flavobacterium keratolycus.

PMID- 6820568
TI  - [Reinforcement of the anastomotic suture line--glutaraldehyde tanned aortic
      anastomosis].

PMID- 6820567
TI  - Effect of anti-inflammatory agents on the glycosaminoglycan metabolism in
      cultured human synovial cells.

PMID- 6820569
TI  - [Benign focal epilepsy (BFE) in childhood and practognostic level].

PMID- 6820570
TI  - [Clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroradiologic correlations in 20 cases
      of partial epilepsy in growing children].

PMID- 6820571
TI  - [Survey of various groups of microorganisms in salads with mayonnaise obtained in
      restaurants, snack bars and rotisseries].

PMID- 6820572
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of hydrated biological specimens.
AB  - Using a wide angle backscattered electron detector (BED), glutaraldehyde fixed or
      unfixed specimens of biological soft tissues such as hen oviduct, kidney, liver,
      duodenum of mouse as well as mitochondrial fraction from rat liver were observed
      under low vacuum (0.3 to 0.5 torr) at magnifications from x300 to 10,000. The
      backscattered electron images (BEI) of glutaraldehyde fixed hen oviduct were
      correlated to X-ray microanalysis. Intracellular secretion granules in such
      unhydrated, uncoated and unstained slices of hen oviduct preserved Ca even after
      glutaraldehyde fixation. Backscattered electron images of unfixed duodenum and
      kidney of mice were not satisfactory for observing intracellular structures,
      though X-ray microanalysis could detect P,S,Cl and K over cut surfaces of such
      hydrated unfixed tissue. Compared with frozen dehydrated specimen, the hydrated
      unfixed tissue tends to preserve more potassium and less chlorine. Cytochemical
      reaction product of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH-ase) activity in isolated
      mitochondria from rat liver was detectable in hydrated condition. Quick and easy
      assessment of localized elements in surgical specimens by combination of wet-SEM
      and X-ray microanalysis will be a new tool for clinical application of SEM. In
      spite of obvious limitations of this method, especially of its spatial resolution
      both in backscattered electron image and in bulk specimen X-ray microanalysis,
      the combination of wet-SEM and X-ray microanalysis provides information which has
      not been available in the past.

PMID- 6820574
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in children following cardiac surgery
      with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Clinical course and follow-up of
      psychomotor development.
AB  - Between November 1975 and June 1977, 49 children underwent repair of complicated
      cardiac defects with the aid of deep hypothermia. Circulatory arrest was used in
      28 cases. Nine children died (18%) due to early postoperative heart failure. A
      decisive cause of death in terms of important cardiovascular defects, which were
      either unknown or not correctable at the time of repair, was found in 6 patients.
      Children with complicated forms of congenital heart disease requiring an
      extensive repair were overrepresented among those who died. Hence, there was an
      excess in the duration of bypass among nonsurvivors (p less than 0.01) whereas
      the patient's age at operation, the use of circulatory arrest and the duration of
      aortic occlusion had no bearing on operative mortality. Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
      and cerebral metabolism were studied in 9 survivors. A negative correlation (r = 
      0.67) was found between the duration of circulatory arrest and CBF measured
      directly after surgery. CBF was reduced to values below 0.2 ml . g-1 . min-1 in 3
      children with long periods of circulatory arrest. The cerebral uptake of oxygen
      and glucose was normal both before and after surgery. Two separate interviews
      with the parents were performed, the first one 3-22 months and the second one
      about 3 years after surgery. No serious neurological symptoms or psychomotor
      disturbances were reported. However, in 3 children operated with circulatory
      arrest, difficulties in performing more delicate motor activities were noted by
      the parents. The findings indicate that circulatory arrest should be used with
      caution and total arrest periods exceeding 60 min avoided.

PMID- 6820573
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of cartilage in mice with hereditary
      chondrodysplasia.
AB  - Mice born with hereditary, recessive chondrodysplasia (cho/cho) are dwarfed
      because the cartilage model upon which the endochondral osseous skeleton develops
      is defective. The mutant's cartilage matrix lacks cohesiveness which apparently
      contributes to the absence of columnar alignment of proliferating epiphyseal
      chondrocytes in developing tubular (long) bones. The present communication
      reviews our current understanding of skeletal dysplasia as it relates to
      defective chondrogenesis, and presents observations made with the scanning
      electron microscope of cellular disarray and nonuniform size and distribution of
      collagen fibrils which confirm the existence of a matrix defect. Autoradiographic
      experiments on tibial cartilage, similar to those performed on sternal cartilage,
      confirm the normal pattern of sulfate labeling by mutant epiphyses.

PMID- 6820575
TI  - Pulmonary function after lobectomy for congenital lobar emphysema and congenital
      cystic adenomatoid malformation. A follow-up study.
AB  - Eight patients with congenital lobar emphysema and eight with congenital cystic
      adenomatoid malformations were operated upon between 1970 and 1978. A lobectomy
      was performed in all cases. At follow-up after 3 to 11 years all of the patients
      without concomitant disease or malformations were subjectively well with a
      physical performance equal to those of their playmates. Lung function tests
      indicated lung volumes of about 90% of predicted normal values, indicating some
      compensatory growth of the remaining lung tissue. Functional impairment owing to
      loss of lung tissue or residual disease was ruled out by the existence of a
      normal working capacity and maintenance of the alveolar gas exchange during
      intense exercise.

PMID- 6820576
TI  - Interferons and lymphokines.

PMID- 6820577
TI  - Immune interferon for clinical trials: conditions for induction, purification,
      and stability.

PMID- 6820578
TI  - Failure to show decrease in small pulmonary blood vessels in rats with
      experimental pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - We induced chronic pulmonary hypertension in one group of rats by exposing them
      to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (380 mm Hg for three weeks) and in another group by
      administering a single subcutaneous dose of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg body weight).
      Both groups of rats showed increase of the right ventricular mean systolic blood
      pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. We measured the surface area of
      histological sections of the left or right lungs and counted all small blood
      vessels with an external diameter of less than 50 microns and with a definite
      elastic coat lying distal to respiratory bronchioles. In the 10 rats with chronic
      hypoxic pulmonary hypertension the mean total number of small pulmonary blood
      vessels was 428.8 +/- 96.9 (SD) compared with 337.8 +/- 91.9 in 10 untreated
      control rats. The number of small pulmonary blood vessels per mm2 of lung tissue
      was 4.0 +/- 1.3 in the chronically hypoxic rats compared with 3.8 +/- 1.2 in the
      controls. The mean total number of small pulmonary blood vessels in nine rats
      with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension was 396.8 +/- 61.7 compared
      with 384 +/- 55.4 in three control rats. The number of small pulmonary blood
      vessels per mm2 lung tissue was 3.3 +/- 0.6 in the rats treated with
      monocrotaline compared with 3.6 +/- 0.6 in the control group. We conclude that
      the number of small pulmonary blood vessels is not reduced in rats with pulmonary
      hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia or monocrotaline.

PMID- 6820579
TI  - [Cellular immune response in human Mycoplasma infection].

PMID- 6820580
TI  - [Trial of a casein-yeast medium for diagnosing the meningococcal bacterial
      carrier state].

PMID- 6820582
TI  - Minor sterols of marine invertebrates 37. Isolation of novel coprostanols and 4
      alpha-methyl sterols from the tunicate Ascidia nigra.

PMID- 6820581
TI  - Solid phase fluoroimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol in serum using 21-amino-17
      hydroxyprogesterone.
AB  - Solid phase fluoroimmunoassay of serum 11-deoxycortisol (17,21-dihydroxy-4
      pregnene-3,20-dione) was established using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled 11
      deoxycortisol and anti-11-deoxycortisol antibody-conjugated polyacrylamide beads.
      21-Amino-17-hydroxyprogesterone (21-amino-17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) was
      synthesized as a useful derivative for preparing the fluorescent dye conjugate.
      Serum 11-deoxycortisol was measured with this assay system after extraction and
      purification by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The minimal amount of 11
      deoxycortisol detected was 40 pg/tube and the measurable range was from 0.04 to
      5.0 microgram/dl. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.3%
      (n=6) and 9.8% (n=5), respectively. 11-deoxycortisol values determined by the
      present assay correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay. The
      present assay is particularly suitable for estimating the conditions of the
      pituitary and adrenocortical functions.

PMID- 6820583
TI  - [Valproate and congenital abnormalities].

PMID- 6820585
TI  - [Effects of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and of hypokinesia in
      man].

PMID- 6820586
TI  - [Androgenetic amenorrhea].
AB  - Virilism in females is often associated with menstrual disorders. There is an
      evident correlation between the severity of virilism, the level of androgens and
      the degree of menstrual disorder. A study was carried out between January 1978
      and December 1980 on 75 women with various degrees of virilism. The majority of
      women with severe hirsutism and male-type alopecia were found in the group with
      amenorrhoea. Furthermore, the four cases with the full-blown picture of severe
      virilism were found exclusively in this group. Clarification of the virilizing
      manifestations on the basis of a determination of the basic hormonal status
      (including the steroid fractions), the dexamethasone suppression test (including
      the HCG stimulation test) and the oestrogen-gestagen suppression test, diagnostic
      laparoscopy and phlebography of the adrenal gland is discussed and the methods
      evaluated.

PMID- 6820584
TI  - [Effect of specific vaccinal antigens and preparations on general resistance in
      growing experimental and domestic animals].
AB  - Studied was the effect of some viral and bacterial antigens as well as of a
      preparation obtained by Filatov's method (modified by the author) on the general
      resistance in growing laboratory and domestic animals. It was found that in
      infantile albino mice the best protection against challenge with Escherichia coli
      and Pasteurella avicida was provided through the treatment with a biostimulator
      and a killed culture of a strongly proteolytic, unidentified strain of the 'T3'
      bacterium. The vaccines against Newcastle disease, hog cholera+erysipelas, and
      anthrax were shown to have a weaker action. It was also established that the
      treatment of fattening calves and sucking pigs with a biostimulator raised the
      general resistance of animals. This was demonstrated with the higher resistance
      to diseases caused by occasionally pathogenic organisms, the better general
      state, and the higher weight gain. Sucking pigs treated twice with a
      biostimulator at an interval of twelve days showed 13.27 per cent lower mortality
      rate as compared with the controls.

PMID- 6820587
TI  - [Long-term treatment with Des-Phe-Insulin].
AB  - At a geriatric department 61 insulin-dependent diabetics have been treated with
      des-phe-insulin (DPI) for periods of up to 6 years since 1976. The use of either
      pure DPI, amorphous DPI or DPI mixed with varying amounts of crystalline non
      modified insulin of the same species allowed flexible longterm therapy, as well
      as management of metabolic emergencies. Comparison of the doses needed before and
      after change to and from other insulin preparations showed no difference in
      efficacy. No side effects of such severity as to necessitate interruption of
      therapy were observed.

PMID- 6820588
TI  - [Treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid excretors with sulprim].

PMID- 6820589
TI  - [Antibacterial effect of N-formimidoyl-thienamycin in combination with amikacin,
      cefoxitin and fosfomycin on K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa].

PMID- 6820591
TI  - [Serodiagnosis of Sarcocystis infection. I. Antibody formation in the mouse and
      the pig].

PMID- 6820593
TI  - [Morphologic substrate-histochemical and microradiographic studies of joints and
      epiphyseal cartilages of fattening and slaughter pigs].

PMID- 6820590
TI  - Antibacterial activities of Candida yeasts. Partial purification and
      characterization of the active substance of Candida guilliermondii.
AB  - The activity spectra of 25 Candida strains on strains of different species of
      bacteria were recorded. The active substance produced by Candida guilliermondii
      strain 848 was partially purified by cation exchange and chromatography gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-15. The substance is heat stable (80 degrees C, 10 min),
      not susceptible to treatment with proteases and most probably of a molecular
      weight smaller than 3500 Dalton. At a concentration of 50 A.U./ml it acts
      bacteriostatically on a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (Fig. 1).

PMID- 6820592
TI  - [Development of the QRS group of the ECG in race horses in their 2d year of
      training].

PMID- 6820594
TI  - Congenital articular rigidity in calves. Histopathology of flexor muscles.

PMID- 6820595
TI  - [Traumatic shock in the dog from pathologico-anatomic and histological
      viewpoints].

PMID- 6820596
TI  - [Analysis of sulfonamide combinations in biological materials. 1. Studies on
      sulfonamides].

PMID- 6820597
TI  - [Kinetics of sulfonamide combinations in the rat, calf and pig. 2. Studies on
      sulfonamides].

PMID- 6820598
TI  - Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A I and A II in male patients with
      peripheral arterial insufficiency.
AB  - Serum apolipoprotein A I and A II concentrations and triglyceride and cholesterol
      concentrations in serum lipoprotein density classes were determined in male
      patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency (PAI) and in controls. Both
      triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in serum, very low and low density
      lipoproteins were higher in PAI patients than in controls. The cholesterol in
      high-density lipoproteins and the serum apolipoprotein A I concentration were
      lower in PAI patients than in controls. No difference between the groups was
      found for serum apolipoprotein A II concentration. The results show that the
      lipoprotein pattern in PAI is changed in roughly the same way as in ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 6820600
TI  - Twin pregnancies following induction of ovulation: a literature review.
AB  - A literature review of the occurrence of multiple pregnancies associated with
      artificial induction of ovulation is reported. This report considers three
      treatment schedules: (1) clomiphene citrate; (2) human pituitary gonadotrophin
      with human chorionic gonadotrophin; and (3) human menopausal gonadotrophin with
      human chorionic gonadotrophin. The majority of the increase in twinning is
      related to hyperstimulation of the ovary by these medications, resulting in
      dizygotic twinning. The true incidence of twin pregnancy cannot be calculated
      because the vital statistics of all nations report live birth rates. Increased
      rates of fetal wastage, late abortion and prematurity associated with the
      occurrence of multiple pregnancies are overlooked by these statistics. The
      increased incidence of twinning appears to be related to the type and dosage of
      medication used, and the patient's underlying problem.

PMID- 6820599
TI  - Utilization of exogenous and endogenous lipids for energy production during
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6820601
TI  - Karyometric studies and quantitation of the DNA content in nerve and
      oligodendroglial cells after intraperitoneal administration of Vincristine.
AB  - Karyometric and cytophotometric investigations were conducted on nuclei of nerve
      cells of the Gyrus cinguli and on oligodendroglial nuclei of the corpus callosum
      following a 12-fold intraperitoneal injection of Vincristine into Wistar rats.
      The results of our investigations have shown a distinctly decreased content of
      DNA in neuronal nuclei of experimental rats along with a slightly increased
      content of DNA in glial cells. It is assumed that intraperitoneal administration
      of Vincristine does not inhibit the replication of DNA by oligodendroglial cells
      and that the observed reduction of DNA in neurocytes is the result of a disturbed
      turnover of DNA that is due to some damage of cytoplasmatic structures (rough
      endoplasmatic reticulum and microtubules) induced by the applied cytostatic
      compound.

PMID- 6820602
TI  - [Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides (neurophysin and oxytocin) by
      the protein A-gold technic].
AB  - In the classic peptidergic neurosecretory system of vertebrates the neurohormone
      oxytocin is associated with the carrier protein neurophysin. By using small gold
      particles (3 to 12 nm) in the protein A-gold technique, both the hormone and the
      carrier-protein will be labelled, while larger particles (20 nm) label only the
      neurophysin. To bind the latter particles, a greater number of Fc-regions of
      antigen-IgG-complexes seems to be necessary.

PMID- 6820605
TI  - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of C-peptide in the islands of Langerhans of
      the human pancreas].
AB  - C-peptide/C-peptide-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of B
      cells of LANGERHANS' islets of human pancreas by use of a modified (four-step
      variant) of STERNBERGERS PAP-technique. Furthermore, it was shown by
      immunostaining of adjacent slices for insulin/insulin-like immunoreactivity that
      both antigens are present in the same cell type.

PMID- 6820603
TI  - [Histochemical determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the brush
      border of the cortex epithelium of the rat kidney].
AB  - NAD-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity was investigated in the kidneys
      of male and female adult Wistar rats using membrane incubating technique. In this
      connection the enzyme activity presents an other topochemical pattern as in
      comparison with conventional incubating technique. In the kidney cortex an
      additional reaction was demonstrated in the convoluted portion of proximal
      tubules. In connection with the results of biochemical investigations the soluble
      enzyme is characterized as a nonmitochondrial beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
      of proximal kidney tubules (brush border membrane enzyme?).

PMID- 6820604
TI  - Influence of different fixing agents on lectin binding by the Tetrahymena.
AB  - Binding studies on membranes of unicellulars are most conveniently performed in
      fixed preparations, in which phagocytotic activity does not interfere with the
      membrane-ligand inter-actions. The fixing procedure may, however, considerably
      alter the interrelationships between membrane components, and the quality and
      quantity of the groups capable of binding. We examined the influence of 8
      different fixatives on binding of 7 lectins of dissimilar sugar specificity to
      the membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL strain. The quantitative relations of
      binding were found to vary markedly with the type of fixing agent, and
      disparities of the binding pattern between body regions have suggested regional
      variations in membrane composition. It follows that the results of binding
      experiments are not comparable unless the same fixing agents has been used.

PMID- 6820606
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of mastocytes.
AB  - Antibodies to mastocytes were localized in cells and tissues following
      formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde fixation and embedding into paraffin or Durcupan
      ACM, and after chymotrypsin treatment of the sections. Immunomicroscopic
      examination yielded a more distinct picture of the amount and localization of
      mastocytes in different tissues.

PMID- 6820607
TI  - Humoral and cellular immunity in typhoid and paratyphoid carrier state,
      investigated by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and in vitro
      stimulation of blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The humoral and cellular immunity of 8 Salmonella carriers and 9 non-carriers was
      investigated and compared to findings in normal persons. The antibody response in
      serum and intestinal secretions was investigated by means of crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis, and blood lymphocytes were investigated by in vitro
      stimulation. Both carriers and non-carriers showed increased levels of
      precipitating antibodies as well as lymphocyte responses, when compared to normal
      persons. No differences in the antibody responses either qualitatively or
      quantitatively were found between carriers and non-carriers. Only few precipitins
      could be detected in intestinal secretions. Lymphocyte responses to S. typhi and
      S. paratyphi were significantly higher in carriers and non-carriers than in the
      controls. No significant difference in lymphocyte response to S. typhi, S.
      paratyphi and mitogens was obtained between carriers and non-carriers. Thus, the
      carrier state seems not due to detectable major immunodeficiency.

PMID- 6820609
TI  - The role of the myocardial water content in heart function.
AB  - In previous experiments a considerable interstitial oedema developed after
      myocardial infarction followed by the infusion of 6 mmol/kg/min norepinephrine
      lasting for 10 min in the 2nd and 48th hours as well as after a 60 min period of
      ventricular fibrillation during cardiopulmonary bypass. On the other hand
      myocardial dehydration was induced by hyperosmolality of 320-470 mOsm/l caused by
      mannitol or glucose after pancreatectomy. A close bilinear correlation was found
      between the myocardial water content and the increase of ventricular diastolic
      stiffness. It was further established that the increase of ventricular stiffness
      is followed by a decrease of the cardiac output index measured during left
      ventricular afterload. The cardiac output index was lower after myocardial
      infarction and pancreatectomy than during cardiopulmonary bypass or mannitol
      treatment. Of clinical importance is the fact that ventricular performance
      decreases when myocardial water content exceeds or does not reach the value of
      760-790 g water per 1000 g myocardium.

PMID- 6820611
TI  - Heterogeneity of nucleic acid synthesis in 7, 12-dimethylbenz (A) anthracene
      induced rat mammary tumors.

PMID- 6820610
TI  - [Resistance of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops neuwiedii to the
      neurotoxicity of massive quantities of Crotalid venom].
AB  - The antitoxic potency of crude Crotalus durissus terrificus serum against
      crotalic venom is similar to that of a standard horse anticrotalic serum in
      protecting mice against 4 LD50, while the potency of Bothrops neuwiedii serum is
      20% of the latter. Failure to form precipitin lines in immunodiffusion tests
      suggests that the antitoxic factors present in the sera from both species are not
      immunoglobulins. It is, therefore, probable that crotoxin is not neutralized by
      an antigen-antibody reaction, but rather by formation of inactive complexes with
      specific serum components. Resistance to the venom is not reciprocal, since
      specimens of C. d. terrificus die after the injection of similar amounts of B.
      neuwiedii venom, which are tolerated by the homologous species.

PMID- 6820612
TI  - Interrelations between dopaminergic and GABA-ergic transmitter mechanisms in
      apomorphine stereotypy.
AB  - The effects of dopamine (DA)-ergic and GABA-ergic pharmacological agents on
      apomorphine stereotypy upon intraperitoneal administration in male albino rats
      has been studied. It has been found that: the DA-ergic agonist L-DOPA increases
      the intensity of apomorphine stereotypy, without influencing its total duration.
      The DA-ergic antagonist haloperidol inhibits significantly apomorphine
      stereotypy, with marked dose-effect dependence, shortening its duration. The GABA
      ergic antagonist picrotoxin potentiates nearly twice apomorphine stereotypy and
      increases its duration. The GABA-ergic agonists depakine and aminooxyacetic acid
      (AOAA) inhibit substantially apomorphine stereotypy and shorten its duration.
      Participation of DA-ergic and GABA-ergic transmitter mechanisms in apomorphine
      stereotypy as well as interactions of these two transmitter systems in the
      nigrostriatum, are assumed.

PMID- 6820613
TI  - [Usefulness of the microbiological test for the evaluation of the pyrogenic
      potential of infusion fluids].

PMID- 6820614
TI  - [Study of the recently isolated Streptococcus pathogenic for insects].

PMID- 6820617
TI  - [Comparison of the enamel structure of the incisor of the Genay (Cote-d'Or)
      Neanderthal to those of Homo sapiens].

PMID- 6820615
TI  - [Biosynthesis, isolation and various characteristics of pigments from the R form
      of Bacillus mesentericus strain 90].

PMID- 6820618
TI  - Manic-depressive disorder in children and adolescents.

PMID- 6820616
TI  - [Comparative study of three lysogenic systems for the testing of potential
      mutagens and carcinogens].

PMID- 6820619
TI  - Operative ultrasonography of pancreatic and biliary pathology.

PMID- 6820620
TI  - [New antiarrythmic drugs: mexiletine, tocainide, lorcainide, encainide,
      flecainide, propafenone, cipralan, sotalol].

PMID- 6820623
TI  - [Demographic dynamics in the food-nutrition problem: the search for effective
      strategies in Latin America].
AB  - This paper addresses the interrelationship between the food and nutrition problem
      and population problems in Latin America within a global focus. A basic framework
      is presented which defines four demographic problems highly related with the food
      and nutrition situation: The underutilization of the labor force; the accelerated
      growth of the marginal population; the poor geographic distribution and rapid
      urbanization; and the high rates of infant and child mortality. Findings from the
      recent experience of demography in food and nutrition planning in the last four
      years in Central America and Panama are outlined, and strategies are recommended
      for the development of different types of programs and projects in population
      nutrition. Finally, a list of applied research, basic information and direct
      action projects in population-nutrition that have been detected as needed by most
      of the Central American countries, is presented.

PMID- 6820622
TI  - [Measurements of the urban low socioeconomic level in families with malnourished
      infants].
AB  - Two measurements of low socioeconomic level (LSL) were compared in a group of
      families of low socioeconomic strata from the Metropolitan Area of Santiago,
      Chile. The purpose was to search for an instrument capable of discriminating the
      more deprived sectors. The sample included 85 families with infant, the
      experimental group consisted of 42 families with severely malnourished infant,
      and the control group was formed by 43 families with healthy infant. The modified
      Graffar Scale and a Specific Index to measure LSL were applied throughout a
      survey carried out in the mothers. The study also comprised health and
      sociocultural aspects. Results indicated that the modified Graffar Scale does not
      discriminate at the level of an apparently homogeneous group. In contrast, the
      Specific Index does detect significant differences between both groups, as well
      as correlations between the health and sociocultural variables. The Specific
      Index is therefore a helpful and easy to use instrument when applied to urban
      groups of low socioeconomic level.

PMID- 6820621
TI  - Control of hepatitis A and B with vaccines.

PMID- 6820624
TI  - [Study on secondary prevention of myocardial infarct (EPSIM). Work of the EPSIM
      research group].

PMID- 6820625
TI  - Development of Aspergillus parasiticus and formation of aflatoxin B1 under the
      influence of conidiogenesis affecting compounds.
AB  - The influence of various inhibitors of hyphal growth, sporulation and
      biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL2999 was studied. 6
      Thioguanine, DL-ethionine, fluoroacetic acid and phenylboric acid, inhibitors of
      maturation of fungal conidiophores and of conidiogenesis, were added at various
      concentrations to malt extract agar. Lower concentrations of 6-thioguanine and DL
      ethionine did not inhibit the growth of hyphae and the sporulation. Phenylboric
      acid reduced conidiogenesis more than hyphal growth. The yields of aflatoxin B1
      were significantly reduced. Additions of fluoroacetic acid did not greatly affect
      the growth of hyphae but totally inhibited the production of conidia and
      concurrently significantly reduced the formation of aflatoxin B1. An
      interrelation between conidiogenesis and onset of secondary metabolism in A.
      parasiticus is evident.

PMID- 6820627
TI  - [Studies on changes in histamine levels in the blood of infants and children.
      Part 6. Arachidonate metabolism via lipoxygenase affecting EIB episode in
      asthmatic children].

PMID- 6820626
TI  - Relation between wall teichoic acid content of Bacillus subtilis and efficiency
      of adsorption of bacteriophages SP 50 and phi 25.
AB  - Efficient adsorption of bacteriophages SP 50 and phi 25 occurred only to bacilli
      that contained wall teichoic acid and neither phage bound to phosphate limited
      bacilli that contained teichuronic acid instead of teichoic acid. Though both
      phages require the presence of teichoic acid, their receptors are not identical.
      Efficient binding of phage phi 25 required the presence of greater proportions of
      teichoic acid in the wall and the receptor for this phage was destroyed when
      bacteria or isolated walls were heated at pH 4 whereas the ability of these
      samples to bind phage SP 50 was unaffected by such treatment. Efficient binding
      of phage SP 50 was not highly dependent on the presence of glucosyl substituents
      on the teichoic acid. Such substituents were required for phage phi 25 binding
      though their anomeric configuration appeared to be unimportant since the phages
      bound well to both strains W23 and 168, the wall teichoic acids of which carry
      glucosyl substituents of opposite anomeric configuration. The differences in the
      nature of the receptors may be of value in the use of the phages as probes for
      the location and distribution of teichoic acid in the wall.

PMID- 6820628
TI  - Separation of lipoproteins in newborn plasma using an Airfuge ultracentrifuge.
AB  - The isolation of lipoprotein fractions in newborn plasma was performed by
      ultracentrifugation in an Air-driven ultracentrifuge (Airfuge). The purity and
      recovery of the fractions was checked by quantitation of the apo A1 and B
      proteins in the supernatant and infranatant fractions, and by gradient gel
      electrophoresis in 4-30% polyacrylamide gels. The influence of the duration of
      the ultracentrifugal run, the temperature and method for recovery of the
      fractions were tested. Under optimal conditions pure VLDL fractions could be
      isolated at d = 1.006 milligrams, whereas VLDL + LDL isolated at d = 1.063
      milligrams were contaminated with HDL and other plasma proteins. Isolation of
      total lipoproteins at d = 1.21 milligrams enabled recovery of 75% of total plasma
      lipoproteins, however strongly contaminated by other plasma proteins. These
      results indicate that the recovery and purity of the lipoprotein fractions
      isolated in the Airfuge are not comparable to the results obtained in a
      conventional preparative ultracentrifuge.

PMID- 6820629
TI  - Dipyridamole: an antioxidant that promotes the proliferation of aorta smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells from guinea pig aorta were grown in tissue culture.
      Dipyridamole enhanced the proliferation of these cells in culture and
      dipyridamole overcame the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on cell
      proliferation. Dipyridamole and the antioxidant vitamin E both increased the
      cloning potential and the number of population doublings for smooth muscle cells
      in culture. Lipid peroxidation was measured in cultured cells with thiobarbituric
      acid. Dipyridamole, vitamin E and butylated hydroxytoluene inhibited lipid
      peroxidation both in cultures treated with media alone and in cultures treated
      with arachidonic acid. Dipyridamole enhanced PGI2 biosynthesis while vitamin E
      and butylated hydroxytoluene had no effect on PGI2 biosynthesis. These data show
      that cell proliferation is related to lipid peroxidation rather than PGI2
      biosynthesis. Dipyridamole functions as an antioxidant that stimulates the
      proliferation of aorta smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6820630
TI  - [Tonic epileptic crisis and complex and mixed atypical absences in Lennox-Gastaut
      syndrome in patients over 6 years of age].
AB  - Complex and mixed atypical absences and tonic epileptic seizures of 12 patients
      with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with onset after age 6 were studied. By
      complexes seizures we mean the associations of two elementary epileptics
      phenomena and by mixed that of three or more. Complex and mixed epileptic
      seizures already reported for patients with the early form of the syndrome were
      identified. The seizures reported, but not classified, in the literature were
      named by us as follows: gestural and mimic tonic-atonic automatic, tonic
      gelastic, atypical absence with atonic cervical-cephalic seizures. New forms were
      described and classified. The following terminology was proposed for the
      convulsive seizures: procursive tonic-automatic, and procursive hemitonic
      automatic. The non convulsive seizures--atypical absences--were described also in
      terms of critical EEG findings, and named as follows: automatic alimentary with
      palpebral myoclonic jerks; versive with palpebral myoclonic jerks; with palpebral
      myoclonic jerks and cervical and oculogyric atonic seizure; with intermittent
      cervical oculogyric atonic seizure and palpebral myoclonic jerks; with
      intermittent cervical atonic and oculogyric seizure; with palpebral myoclonic
      jerks and tonic seizure in cervical flexion. It was found that polymorphism of
      the complexes and mixed seizures is greatest for patients with the syndrome of
      early onset when compared with that with the syndrome of late onset.

PMID- 6820631
TI  - [Jadassohn linear nevus sebaceous. Report of a case].
AB  - Report of a case of linear nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn with the classical
      syndrome: 1) the facial linear nevus; 2) focal convulsions and 3) mental
      retardation. Skin biopsy didn't show proliferation of the sebaceous glands
      showing to be an early case. Computerized tomography showed slight cortico
      subcortical atrophies, in contrast with the intensity of the mental retardation
      and focal crisis. Convulsions were controlled by several drug associations.

PMID- 6820632
TI  - Measurement of circulating immune complexes in human sera by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Two methods, based on enzyme immunoassay, are described for the detection and
      quantitation of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in human sera. Aggregated
      human gamma globulin (AHG) or immune complexes in human sera are bound to
      complement receptors on Raji cells or to Clq adsorbed on to the plastic surface
      of microtitre plates. The bound complexes are subsequently detected using
      peroxidase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin antisera. The assays offer a
      benefit over previously described assays in that they use cheap, commercially
      available antisera and enable the detection of immune complexes composed of
      varying immunoglobulin classes.

PMID- 6820636
TI  - [Response to the comments on "continuous enteral feeding of infants using an
      elemental diet"].

PMID- 6820634
TI  - Resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae and the importance of two bacterial antigens.
AB  - The resistance of mice to a lethal infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, type I,
      was investigated. Antibody of both IgG and IgM class produced good protection
      when given with an intra-nasal inoculum of the organism. While antibody directed
      against capsular antigens was highly protective, so too was antibody directed
      against a second, non-capsular and heat-labile antigen. This antigen does not
      appear to be related to either the K or O antigens of Klebsiella and is present
      in several strains of Klebsiella. It is suggested that this antigen may play a
      role in determining resistance to this organism by humans.

PMID- 6820635
TI  - [Effect of difluron (dimilin) on larvae, imagines and eggs of Epilachna
      varivestis Muls. through application to the host plant].
AB  - Dimilin active ingredient diflubenzuron) is an insecticide influencing the chitin
      synthesis. The paper investigates its effect under application via the host
      plant. After oral intake with the food, the larvae of Epilachna varivestis Muls.
      (Mexican bean beetle) could not carry out the next molting and died. Imagines
      which had taken up Dimilin laid fewer eggs than untreated beetles, and no larvae
      hatched from the eggs. Direct treatment of the cluster of eggs with Dimilin also
      affected their development, depending on the degree of concentration. Freshly
      laid eggs were more susceptible than older ones. Contact with the treated non
      host plant Vicia faba also caused disturbances in the development. The sensitive
      phase in the second instar lies between 24 and 48 hours after the previous molt.
      3 to 6 hours exposition time are sufficient to inhibit the molting of the larvae,
      9 hours suppressed the molting completely. The concentration limit for larvae of
      Epilachna varivestis lies between 1.0 and 2.5 ppm.

PMID- 6820637
TI  - South African Negroes: serogenetic polymorphisms (ABO, Rhesus, MNS, Duffy and
      Kell) and inter-ethnic genetic distances.

PMID- 6820633
TI  - Islet allografting without immunosuppression: reversal of insulitis-associated
      diabetes and a case of spontaneous juvenile onset diabetes in mice.
AB  - The development of juvenile onset diabetes may involve an autoimmune response
      causing an insulitis and beta cell destruction. It has been suggested that
      replacement of the host's beta cells by transplantation may lead to the
      destruction of the new tissue by the same processes which caused the destruction
      of the original beta cells. This study does not support this proposal. It was
      possible to reverse insulitis-induced diabetes and spontaneous murine 'juvenile
      onset' diabetes by transplantation of cultured islet allografts. The grafts
      survived and maintained normoglycaemia for periods in excess of 100 days.

PMID- 6820638
TI  - [Changes in the optic fundus in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 6820639
TI  - Hormonal influence on lectin binding to Tetrahymena.

PMID- 6820640
TI  - Turnover rates of cat skeletal muscle soluble enzymes.

PMID- 6820641
TI  - [Experimental observation on liver damage by TNP (total parenteral nutrition) in
      rats].

PMID- 6820642
TI  - [Typing and analysis of acid-fast bacilli in sputum from 2,537 pulmonary
      tuberculosis cases].

PMID- 6820643
TI  - [Readjustment of anticonvulsive therapy in children. Monitoring of the effects of
      sodium valproate after barbiturate withdrawal by electrophysiologic sleep
      studies].
AB  - The effectiveness of valproic acid (V.P.A.) in the symptomatic treatment of
      child's seizures is well established. Its lack of side-effects detrimental to the
      child's development and, on the contrary, its often positive action on awareness
      and attention should lead to choose V.P.A. as the first and main therapy. All
      night sleep recordings have been largely used to study the consequences of drug
      intake and drug withdrawal. It seemed interesting a) to control the effects of
      V.P.A. on sleep parameters when it was given as first treatment and b) to compare
      its effects to those of barbiturates when it was given in substitution. The study
      of sleep parameters seems to evidence that the often obtained clinical efficiency
      of V.P.A. parallels the restoration of a physiological functioning of the central
      nervous system normal or closer to normal.

PMID- 6820645
TI  - The benign monoclonal gammapathies: a study of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6820644
TI  - Measurement of serum thyroxine binding prealbumin in various thyroidal states by
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Serum thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) levels in various thyroidal states were
      examined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). This technique is highly sensitive, accurate
      and reproducible. The normal mean (+/- 2SD) level of serum TBPA is 26.9 +/- 8.0
      mg/dl (29.4 +/- 5.2 in men and 24.9 +/- 7.6 mg/dl in women). Serum TBPA levels in
      pregnant women were significantly lower than in normal females (P less than
      0.05). Serum TBPA levels in patients with untreated hyperthyroidism were 12.9 +/-
      4.0 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) and in patients with untreated hypothyroidism were 25.2
      +/- 4.7 mg/dl (mean +/- SD). The mean TBPA concentrations in untreated
      hyperthyroidism were significantly lower than that for normal population (P less
      than 0.01), but untreated hypothyroidism was almost within normal range. The
      changes in TBPA levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were similar to
      those in TBG levels. In untreated hyper- and hypothyroidism, restoration to
      euthyroidism by treatment was uniformly accompanied by a normalization of serum
      TBPA and TBG levels. A negative correlation between serum thyroid hormone binding
      protein (TBG and TBPA) and free thyroxine was observed in patients with
      hyperthyroidism. The coefficient of correlation between TBPA and free thyroxine
      was -0.80 (P less than 0.01) and between TBG and free thyroxine -0.58 (P less
      than 0.01). From these experiments it appears that not only TBG but also TBPA may
      play an important role in the regulation of the free thyroxine concentration in
      response to various thyroidal states.

PMID- 6820646
TI  - [Effect of gonadotropic preparations (HMG and HCG) on adenyl cyclase activity in
      ovarian homogenates from postmenopausal women].

PMID- 6820647
TI  - [Effect of dexamethasone on blood levels of FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone in
      patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome before and after wedge resection of the
      ovaries].

PMID- 6820648
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of bacteriological studies systematically conducted in
      the neonatal care departments over a 3-year period].

PMID- 6820649
TI  - [Bacterial colonization in premature and term neonates].

PMID- 6820650
TI  - [The CO2 laser beam in pediatric plastic surgery].

PMID- 6820651
TI  - Macroscopic morphology of the subcallosal area in man and in comparative anatomy
      studies.

PMID- 6820652
TI  - Number of left ventricular chordae tendineae in Primates.

PMID- 6820654
TI  - Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a rabbit cornea cell line (SIRC) cells.

PMID- 6820655
TI  - Nitroglycerin ointment - a drug with sustained efficacy in angina pectoris.

PMID- 6820653
TI  - Establishment of functional human pituitary tumor cell cultures.
AB  - Five primary human pituitary tumor cell cultures were initiated from adenoma
      fragments obtained from patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas and
      acromegaly. Functional cell cultures were maintained and propagated in monolayer
      or suspension culture for up to 9 months. Optimal cell viability and growth were
      achieved using Ham's F10 medium enriched with 20% fetal bovine serum, although
      cells from a patient with acromegaly also grew in serum-free, defined, hormone
      containing medium. Bromocriptine (100 ng/ml) did not alter the growth curve of
      replicating cells derived from a patient with acromegaly. These cells initially
      secreted 5.5 micrograms human growth hormone/10(6) cells, and hormone production
      diminished after 6 wk. Prolactin secretion by cells derived from prolactinomas
      (0.5 to 1.3 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 h) was stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (10 ng/ml) in two of the cultures. Both dopamine (10 ng/ml) and nickel
      chloride (1 mM) suppressed PRL secretion. These studies demonstrate that
      responsive human pituitary tumor cell cultures can be initiated and maintained.

PMID- 6820656
TI  - Complications of surface replacements.

PMID- 6820657
TI  - Neurofibromatosis in childhood.

PMID- 6820658
TI  - Surgery for a chronic cystic hematoma on the right thigh in a hemophiliac A with
      a potent factor VIII inhibitor.
AB  - A surgical case is described of a 40-year-old hemophilia A patient with a potent
      factor VIII inhibitor (40 Bethesda units) suffering from a chronic cystic
      haematoma in the right thigh. Surgery was performed after extensive
      plasmapheresis and administration of a large amount of factor VIII concentrate
      (42,500 U on the day of operation). During the five post-operative days, the
      factor VIII level was maintained above 25%, which allowed control of hemorrhage.
      However, two serious problems, i.e., hemolytic anemia and anamnestic response of
      factor VIII inhibitor titer, occurred on the 6th post-operative day. The
      hemolytic anemia was circumvented by administering prothrombin complex
      concentrate every 8 hours for 12 days until the sutures were removed. There was
      no bleeding although the inhibitor titer rose to 460 Bethesda units.

PMID- 6820659
TI  - A semi-automated computerised gas-liquid chromatographic system for urinary
      steroid profile analysis.
AB  - A simple gas-liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of some of the
      major steroids in urine is described. The system uses conventional packed
      columns, automatic injection and is linked to an integrator. Calculations are all
      carried out by computer. The system is recommended as a simple screening
      procedure, producing a urinary steroid 'profile', which can process large numbers
      of urine samples cheaply and quickly, enabling patients worthy of more intensive
      investigation to be identified.

PMID- 6820660
TI  - Polyamines: current review and their perspectives in neurosurgery.
AB  - A short review of polyamines and their possible clinical interest and
      applications in the field of brain neoplasms is presented. Dosage of CSF
      polyamines was proved to be useful in monitoring patients with medulloblastomas
      and others malignancies with meningeal involvement. Polyamines and their enzymes
      in neoplastic tissue may correlate to tumor growth. Inhibition of polyamines
      synthesis by drugs may be a possible way of slowing down tumor growth.

PMID- 6820661
TI  - The rate of rise of alveolar carbon dioxide pressure during expiration in man.
AB  - 1. The purpose of the study was to see whether the rate of rise of alveolar PCO2
      (PA, CO2) in expiration was directly proportional to the rate of pulmonary
      elimination of CO2 (VCO2) in man in the steady state. 2. Alveolar ventilation at
      rest and during exercise in man was calculated from the difference between total
      ventilation and dead space ventilation, and from the ratio of the rate of
      pulmonary CO2 elimination to the mean expired alveolar CO2 (total) fraction. The
      results were indistinguishable. In agreement with other workers' findings
      alveolar ventilation changed in direct proportion to the rate of carbon dioxide
      elimination, confirming the isocapnia of exercise ventilation in man. 3. The rate
      of rise of expiratory alveolar PCO2 in individual breaths has been obtained by
      two methods. In the first, a pattern of respiration with constant expiratory flow
      in each breath brought expiratory alveolar profiles to the outermost end of the
      airway. In the second method, the early part of the alveolar PCO2 during normal
      expiration was calculated from airway PCO2 and expired volume. 4. The data
      obtained with both methods show that, in the steady state, expiratory alveolar
      PCO2 rises at a rate which is directly proportional to the rate of CO2
      production.

PMID- 6820662
TI  - Free magnesium in sheep, ferret and frog striated muscle at rest measured with
      ion-selective micro-electrodes.
AB  - 1. Neutral carrier-based liquid membrane micro-electrodes were constructed which
      are suitable for continuous measurements of [Mg(2+)](i) in cardiac and skeletal
      muscle preparations.2. The electrodes show a Nernstian behaviour in pure MgCl(2)
      solutions. In the presence of a constant ionic background chosen to simulate the
      cytoplasmic composition, the calibration function flattens progressively with
      lower [Mg(2+)], due to the interference of K(+) and Na(+). The response to
      changes in [Mg(2+)] is less than 0.5 sec.3. In quiescent preparations at room
      temperature (23 degrees C), the following basal [Mg(2+)](i) were determined: 3.5
      mM (sheep Purkinje fibres), 3.1 mM (sheep ventricular muscle), 3.0 mM (ferret
      ventricular muscle) and 3.3 mM (frog skeletal muscle).4. In cardiac tissue,
      electrical stimulation does not measurably affect the basal [Mg(2+)](i).5. In the
      presence of 0.5 mM-Mg(2+) (o), the calculated Mg(2+) equilibrium potentials,
      E(Mg), are in the range of -23 to -25 mV, suggesting that Mg(2+) is not passively
      distributed across the sarcolemma in striated muscle.6. Further studies were
      performed on sheep Purkinje fibres to investigate the effect of various
      experimental interventions on [Mg(2+)](i).7. Elevating [Mg(2+)](o) from 0.5 to 10
      mM resulted in a reversible increase of [Mg(2+)](i). The initial rate of increase
      corresponds to a Mg(2+) influx of 0.42 p-mole/cm(2).sec, or a magnesium
      permeability, P(Mg), of 1.6 x 10(-8)cm/sec.8. Increasing P(CO) (2) from nominally
      0 to 100 mmHg (Tris-buffered vs. bicarbonate-buffered Tyrode solution) produced a
      reversible decrease in [Mg(2+)](i) by roughly 0.45 mM, probably due to Mg(2+)
      binding the newly formed intracellular HCO(3) (-).9. The effect of metabolic
      poisoning on [Mg(2+)](i) was assessed by exposure to cyanide, iodoacetic acid and
      2-4-dinitrophenol. No significant increase in [Mg(2+)](i) indicative of a
      liberation of Mg(2+) from ATP was observed.

PMID- 6820663
TI  - Relaxing and metabolic inhibitory action of X537A (Lasalocid) on the taenia of
      the guinea-pig caecum.
AB  - 1. In the isolated guinea-pig taenia, application of X537A to the muscle caused a
      relaxation, while A23187 caused a sustained contraction. 2. Treatment with
      adrenergic blocking agents and tetrodotoxin had no effect on the relaxing
      response to X537A. 3. In the presence of a low concentration (10(-6) M) of X537A
      or under hypoxic conditions (bubbled with 95% N2: 5% CO2), the taenia lost the
      ability to respond to a high concentration (40 mM) of potassium with a sustained
      tonic contraction, although the rapid phasic contraction was still present. 4.
      When a low concentration of X537A was applied the shape of the contractile
      response to A23187 was changed from a sustained development of tension to an
      oscillatory tension which was also observed under hypoxia. 5. In tissues treated
      with glycerol for 3 weeks, neither X537A nor A23187 had any effect on the
      contractile response induced by elevation of calcium concentration (pCa = 4) in
      the presence of magnesium and ATP. 6. Exposure to a low concentration (10(-6) M)
      of X537A, or hypoxia, slightly yet significantly decreased the ATP content of the
      muscle. A high concentration (10(-5) M) of X537A markedly decreased the ATP
      content to about half normal. A23187 did not alter the ATP content. 7.
      Application of X537A did not alter the calcium content of the muscle and
      inhibited the A23187-induced increase in content. Under hypoxia, A23187 failed to
      increase the calcium content of the muscle. 8. The results indicate that, in
      contrast to A23187, X537A has a relaxing and metabolic inhibitory action on the
      guinea-pig taenia. The action of low concentrations of X537A resembled that of
      the hypoxia, indicating that X537A might exert its relaxing action, at least in
      part, by inhibition of aerobic energy metabolism of the muscle.

PMID- 6820666
TI  - On the inactivation of Brucella abortus in naturally contaminated milk by
      commercial pasteurisation procedures.
AB  - Following concern about the recent publication indicating the possible ability of
      Brucella abortus to survive commercial pasteurisation of naturally contaminated
      milk, such milk was subjected to biological (BT), serological and bacteriological
      tests. The raw milk was Brucella Milk Ring Test positive and biotype I was
      isolated from 4/5 BT guinea pigs, the one tested being seropositive to the Rose
      Bengal Test, and with serum agglutination and complement fixation titres of 160
      and 36 international units respectively. After batch (63 degrees C/30 min) and
      high temperature, short time (72 degrees C/15 sec) pasteurisation, all 10 BT
      guinea pigs were bacteriologically and serologically negative, indicating that
      officially approved methods of commercial pasteurisation rendered naturally
      Brucella-contaminated raw milk safe for consumption.

PMID- 6820664
TI  - Catecholamine synthesis in rabbit carotid body in vitro.
AB  - 1. Catecholamine synthesis in rabbit carotid body was studied in vitro using
      [(3)H]DOPA and [(3)H]tyrosine as precursors. The effects of sympathectomy and
      transection of the carotid sinus nerve on [(3)H]dopamine ([(3)H]DA) and
      [(3)H]noradrenaline ([(3)H]NA) synthesis were investigated in chronically
      denervated carotid bodies.2. When [(3)H]DOPA was used as precursor, the synthesis
      of [(3)H]DA was linear for more than 6 hr. The carotid body synthesized larger
      amounts of [(3)H]catecholamines than when [(3)H]tyrosine was used as precursor,
      but most of this excess was liberated into the incubation media. Using 10 muM
      [(3)H]DOPA as precursor, the synthesis rates were 6.76 and 1.51 n-mole/g per hr
      for [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA, respectively; with 40 muM-[(3)H]DOPA, these values
      increased to 19.22 and 3.23 n-mole/g per hr, respectively.3. The relationship
      between [(3)H]DOPA concentration and [(3)H]DA synthesis was linear throughout the
      range 5-40 muM-[(3)H]DOPA.4. Sympathectomy reduced the synthesis of [(3)H]NA by
      90% and [(3)H]DA by 37% when [(3)H]DOPA was used as precursor.5. When
      [(3)H]tyrosine (40 muM) was used as precursor, synthesis of [(3)H]catecholamines
      was linear for at least 4 hr, with rates of 12.10 and 0.85 n-mole/g per hr for
      [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA, respectively.6. [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA synthesis from
      [(3)H]tyrosine exhibited the characteristics of saturable processes, with K(m)
      values of 16.8 and 17.6 muM, respectively.7. 6-methyltetrahydropterine (6-MPH(4),
      100 muM), a synthetic analogue of the natural co-factor for tyrosine hydroxylase,
      increased [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA synthesis from [(3) H]tyrosine in both the
      carotid body and superior cervical ganglion, with the greatest effect seen in the
      carotid body.8. When [(3)H]tyrosine was used as precursor, sympathectomy of the
      carotid body reduced [(3)H]NA synthesis by 80%, but did not alter [(3)H]DA or
      [(3)H]tyrosine levels in the tissue. Transection of the carotid sinus nerve had
      no effect on [(3)H]catecholamine synthesis in the carotid body.

PMID- 6820665
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on catecholamine synthesis in rabbit carotid body in vitro.
AB  - 1. Unanaesthetized, unrestrained rabbits were exposed for 3 hr in a chamber to
      either air, hypoxic gas mixtures (10% or 14% O(2) in N(2)) or a hyperoxic gas
      mixture (50% O(2) in N(2)). The carotid bodies were then removed and incubated
      for 3 hr in modified Tyrode media equilibrated with 100% O(2) and containing
      either [(3)H]tyrosine or [(3)H]DOPA. The contents of [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA in the
      tissue were determined as described in the preceding paper.2. When [(3)H]DOPA was
      used as precursor, neither labelled dopamine (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) synthesis
      was increased in carotid bodies from rabbits exposed to 10% O(2) in N(2).
      Following exposure to 10% O(2) in N(2) and incubation with [(3)H]tyrosine,
      however, [(3)H]DA synthesis was increased by 72% above control (air) values while
      [(3)H]NA synthesis was unchanged. Less severe hypoxia, 14% O(2) in N(2), resulted
      in a smaller increase in [(3)H]DA synthesis, i.e. 53% above control value. Again,
      [(3)H]NA synthesis was unchanged. Similar experiments with the superior cervical
      ganglion involving exposure of the animals to either 10% or 14% O(2) in N(2) did
      not produce any change in the amounts of [(3)H]DA or [(3)H]NA synthesized from
      [(3)H]tyrosine when compared to control animals breathing air.3. Sympathectomy of
      the carotid body or transection of the carotid sinus nerve 12-15 days prior to
      hypoxic exposure (10% O(2) in N(2)) did not alter the increase in [(3)H]DA
      synthesis compared to normally innervated carotid bodies.4. Carotid bodies
      incubated with [(3)H]tyrosine for 2 hr in an alternating O(2)/N(2) sequence (5
      min in media equilibrated with 100% O(2) followed by 3 min in media equilibrated
      with 100% N(2)) synthesized 37% more [(3)H]DA than control carotid bodies
      similarly exposed to an alternating O(2)/O(2) sequence. [(3)H]NA synthesis was
      unchanged. However, tissue levels of non-metabolized [(3)H]tyrosine were reduced
      by 19% in the carotid bodies exposed to the O(2)/N(2) sequence.5. Exposure of
      rabbits for 3 hr to 50% O(2) in N(2), followed by incubation of their carotid
      bodies in [(3)H]tyrosine, resulted in a 19% decrease in the absolute value for
      [(3)H]DA synthesis compared to control carotid bodies, but this difference was
      not significant (P > 0.05). However, [(3)H]NA synthesis was significantly reduced
      (51%; P < 0.05) in the hyperoxic carotid bodies. Similar experiments with the
      superior cervical ganglion showed that [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]NA synthesis were
      unchanged under control vs. hyperoxic conditions.6. Carotid bodies incubated with
      [(3)H]tyrosine for 3 hr, then transferred for 1 hr to unlabelled media
      equilibrated with 10% O(2) in N(2), released 81% more [(3)H]DA, and contained 38%
      less [(3)H]DA, than similarly treated carotid bodies exposed to 100% O(2).
      [(3)H]NA was not detectable in the media, and tissue levels of [(3)H]NA were the
      same in both hypoxic and control carotid bodies.

PMID- 6820667
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of 9 antibiotics in relation to serotype and enzyme
      production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 6820669
TI  - [Antitumor spectrum of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl) mitomycin C (KW 2083) in rat ascites
      hepatoma].

PMID- 6820670
TI  - [Clinical application of the enzymes synthesizing blood group substances--blood B
      transferase activities in normal subjects and patients undergoing hemodialysis].

PMID- 6820668
TI  - [Basic and clinical evaluation on cefsulodin in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].

PMID- 6820671
TI  - [Abnormal monocyte functions in sarcoidosis patients].

PMID- 6820672
TI  - [A case of mycoplasma penumoniae pneumonia associated with meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 6820673
TI  - Growth inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures treated with murine type
      II interferon.

PMID- 6820674
TI  - Evaluation of a social-setting detoxication program.
AB  - Nonmedical social-setting detoxication (SSD) is proposed as a safe, cost
      effective program which emphasizes referral to long-term treatment. An
      examination of patient characteristics, program safety, utilization and cost,
      referral rate, and patient-staff interaction at one SSD program indicated the
      viability of the SSD model.

PMID- 6820675
TI  - [Pulmonary complications in hepatic coma].
AB  - Incidence and extent of pulmonary complications were evaluated retrospectively in
      101 patients with hepatic coma (34 patients with acute liver failure, 57 patients
      with hepatic encephalopathy and 10 patients with mixed forms). 76 patients
      (73.3%) had pulmonary complications (pulmonary edema 57 cases, pneumonia 20
      cases, tracheobronchitis 30 cases). Lethality of the group with pulmonary
      complications was 97% as compared to 16% in the group without pulmonary
      complications. Pathogenesis of pulmonary complications is not completely clear;
      different mechanisms are being discussed like central mechanisms, vascular
      lesions caused by metabolic or toxic factors, cardiac failure, and increased
      susceptibility to infection. In 9 out of 59 cases (15.3%) with respiratory
      failure no morphological changes could be observed in the lungs; in these cases
      intrapulmonary shunts might have been the cause for the pulmonary complications.
      The incidence of pulmonary complications increased by a factor of 2.4 during
      intensive care unit treatment of the patients; this increase shows, that
      intensive care unit treatment still has to be improved.

PMID- 6820676
TI  - [Extracorporeal liver perfusion in the treatment of hepatic coma].
AB  - Four patients with fulminant hepatic failure had extracorporal hemoperfusion. In
      selecting the patients, the following criteria were applied: Potential
      reversibility of the liver disease, prothrombin time under 10%, neurological coma
      stage III-IV. In total 11 treatments (9 treatments using baboon and 2 treatments
      using human livers) were performed lasting from 3 to 60 hours. One patient
      improved immediately after perfusion. 3 patients died; at post mortem severe
      oedema of the brain and acute yellow atrophy of the liver without tendency to
      regeneration was observed in these patients.

PMID- 6820677
TI  - A study of the implicit criteria used in diagnosing chest pain.
AB  - Although previous studies have reported the prevalence of coronary artery disease
      among patients with typical and atypical angina, criteria for the definition of
      these chest pain syndromes have not been well described. We studied the implicit
      criteria used by physicians to classify patients with chest pain. Five internists
      reviewed the histories of 190 subjects admitted to the hospital for elective
      coronary arteriography and rated each history as indicating either high or low
      risk of coronary disease. We applied logistic discriminant analysis to these
      ratings to create a decision rule for the classification of patients with anginal
      syndromes. The prevalence of confirmed coronary artery disease in subjects
      classified by the rule as at high risk was 0.83; the prevalence was 0.57 in
      subjects classified as at low risk. These prevalences are similar to those found
      for typical and atypical angina in previous large studies. We conclude that this
      linear model represents the physicians' decisions and provides criteria for
      defining anginal pain syndromes in certain settings.

PMID- 6820678
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia. A cost-effectiveness analysis.
AB  - Dyspepsia is a common problem in ambulatory care. While many authorities
      recommend ordering upper gastrointestinal x-ray series (UGI) before therapy,
      there is evidence that clinicians frequently treat dyspepsia without diagnostic
      procedures. Decision analysis was performed to select optimal management based on
      probabilities and outcome values from the published literature. The choices
      evaluated were Symptomatic Therapy (low dose antacids or anticholinergics), Ulcer
      Therapy (high dose antacids or cimetidine), or UGI followed by further tests or
      therapy. Our model indicates that mortality is minimized if UGI is performed
      prior to selection of therapy, and if endoscopy is performed when the x ray shows
      gastric ulcer. Weeks of pain are minimized if Ulcer Therapy is begun immediately,
      but direct health care costs are minimized by beginning with Symptomatic Therapy.
      The marginal cost per additional life saved by performing a UGI rather than
      beginning with Ulcer Therapy was +1.6 million to +2.3 million, depending on
      whether endoscopy followed the finding of gastric ulcer. Mortality advantages of
      the strategies beginning with UGI were sensitive to assumptions regarding the
      incidence of gastric cancer and the benefits of early diagnosis. With slight
      reductions in these base case values, the Ulcer Therapy strategy appeared to
      minimize all outcomes except dollar cost.

PMID- 6820679
TI  - Factors affecting laboratory utilization in clinical practice.

PMID- 6820680
TI  - Reduced bone growth in rats treated with anticonvulsant drugs: a type II
      pseudohypoparathyroidism?
AB  - The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on bone growth and calcium metabolism was
      studied in Wistar strain rats. Animals were treated for 40-48 days with
      diphenylhydantoin (DPH) or sodium valproate (SV), or were
      thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and maintained with thyroxine supplements. Bone
      growth, measured radiographically as increase in bone length, was reduced by up
      to 12% in the drug-treated and TPTX groups. Plasma iPTH concentrations were
      raised twofold- to threefold by DPH and SV. Total plasma calcium was not
      significantly altered in the DPH-treated rats but was elevated by SV treatment.
      Similarly, elevated iPTH and normal calcium values were also found in
      carbamazepine-treated and diazepam-treated rats in a separate experiment. Plasma
      alkaline phosphatase was reduced by high doses of the drugs. These results imply
      that anticonvulsant drugs induce end-organ resistance to PTH (a feature of
      pseudohypoparathyroidism), which may be responsible for some of the skeletal and
      dental abnormalities found in patients treated with anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6820681
TI  - [The effects of various tetrahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazines as antifungal agents].

PMID- 6820682
TI  - [Antigenic structures, virulence factors, immunity, vaccination and
      chemoprophylaxis of Meningococci].

PMID- 6820685
TI  - [A case of lateral diverticulum of the hypopharynx].

PMID- 6820684
TI  - Age dependence of dithiobiuret neurotoxicity in male and female rats.
AB  - Weanling, juvenile and adult rats both sexes were treated with 1 mg/kg/day [14C]
      dithiobiuret (DTB) until they developed skeletal muscle weakness as detected by
      failure in a rotarod test. The latent period before the onset of weakness was
      longest in weanling animals of both sexes. The greater resistance of the
      weanlings, to DTB intoxication, could not be explained by differences in the
      cumulative body burden or tissue distribution of DTB and its metabolites. The sex
      of the animal was not a determinant of DTB toxicity. Urine and feces were the
      major and minor routes, respectively, for elimination of DTB and its metabolites
      in all animals. However, weanlings excreted relatively less 14C by the urinary
      route and more by the fecal route when compared to adults. These findings
      demonstrated the age dependence of DTB neurotoxicity in rats and show that it is
      not caused by differences in either the cumulative body burden or tissue
      distribution of DTB-derived [14C].

PMID- 6820683
TI  - Dithiobiuret metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Our main objective was to describe the metabolism of dithiobiuret (DTB) in the
      adult, male rat. Based on the thin-layer chromatographic analysis of urine from
      animals treated ip with 1 mg/kg of [14C] or [35S] labeled DTB, two pathways for
      metabolism are proposed. One pathway is reversible and involves the oxidation of
      DTB to thiuret and the reduction of thiuret back to DTB. The other pathway
      consists of the desulfuration of DTB to monothiobiuret. The liver appears to
      desulfurate DTB because DTB-derived [35S] was eliminated from the liver more
      rapidly (T1/2 = 10 hr) than [14C] (T1/2 = 15 hr). The liver was the only tissue
      where the elimination kinetics of [35S] and [14C] DTB were different. For all
      extrahepatic tissues examined and plasma, the elimination of DTB-derived [35S]
      paralleled that of [14C]. The T1/2 for plasma disappearance of both radiolabeled
      forms of DTB was approximately 10 hr and the cumulative urinary excretion of DTB
      derived [35S] and [14C] was parallel and amounted to about 60% of the dose in 24
      hr. DTB-derived radioactivity in urine that co-chromatographed with DTB,
      monothiobiuret, thiuret and sulfate was quantitated along with that of three
      uncharacterized metabolites. The presence of these unknown metabolites suggests
      that DTB metabolism is complex. The present study is the first description of the
      metabolic fate of DTB in the rat and serves as a starting point for determining
      whether DTB neurotoxicity is caused by the parent compound or a metabolite.

PMID- 6820686
TI  - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in a 7-year-old girl].

PMID- 6820687
TI  - [On the centenary of the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

PMID- 6820688
TI  - [Isolation of Mycobacterium from urine and other biological matter with a low
      microbe count using millipore filters].

PMID- 6820689
TI  - [Effect of bronchofibroscopy conducted under general anesthesia on acid-base
      equilibrium and blood gases].

PMID- 6820690
TI  - The effect of intracerebroventricularly administered octopamine, phenylethylamine
      and epinephrine on the central serotonergic system of the rat.
AB  - Octopamine (OCT, 50-250 micrograms) and epinephrine (EPI, 10-100 micrograms)
      given intracerebroventricularly (icvtr) antagonized the head twitch response
      induced in the rat by 5-hydroxytryptophan or 5-methoxytryptamine, and
      hyperthermia induced by quipazine in rats kept at high ambient temperature.
      Phenylethylamine [PEA, 10-100 micrograms] did not change the action of
      serotonergic stimulants. OCT, PEA and EPI significantly depressed the cerebral
      level of serotonin [5-HT], and OCT also reduced the concentration of 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid. OCT depressed, while EPI slightly accelerated the 5-HT
      turnover rate; PEA practically did not affect the turnover. The results indicate
      that OCT and EPI given icvtr to rats antagonize the central serotonergic system.

PMID- 6820692
TI  - Priorities for long-term care: comments from board-and-care residents.
AB  - In these times of shrinking human services resources, establishing clear service
      priorities becomes all the more necessary. This is particularly true for the care
      of chronically mentally ill persons, whose many needs place high service demands
      on the care system. As a group these patients rarely have a say in the
      establishment of service priorities. To obtain a better idea of their perceived
      needs, we asked 278 randomly selected, mentally disabled residents in 30 Los
      Angeles board-and-care homes about their current life conditions and problems.
      Their responses to open-ended questions about recent sources of unhappiness and
      desired changes were compared with quantitative measures of life satisfaction in
      several life areas. Unemployment, poverty, and housing were the areas in which
      patients most consistently expressed dissatisfaction and desire for change. Also,
      mental health problems, including interpersonal and family difficulties, caused
      frequent day-to-day unhappiness for them. These findings underscore the need for
      social service programs that adequately address patients' problems of living, in
      addition to continuing efforts to meet their mental health needs.

PMID- 6820691
TI  - Synthesis of D,L beta-aminomethyl derivatives of gamma-(p-chlorophenyl)
      tetrahydrofuran-2-one.
AB  - Several new D,L beta-aminomethyl derivatives of gamma-(p-chlorophenyl)
      tetrahydrofuran-2-one have been synthesized. The derivatives of D,L beta
      aminomethyl-beta-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-propionic acid 2-6 were used as the
      substrates. These compounds were obtained by the Mannich reaction from acid 1,
      cyclic secondary amines and formaldehyde. After the reduction with NaBH4, and
      cyclization, derivatives 2-6 were converted into the appropriate derivatives of
      tetrahydrofuran-2-one 9-13. Some of the obtained compounds (5, 6, 8, 11 and 12)
      showed depressant activity against the central nervous system.

PMID- 6820693
TI  - The shorter working week - what do we really want?

PMID- 6820694
TI  - MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus): guidelines for the nursing of
      patients.

PMID- 6820696
TI  - Nurse educators - God forgive them for they know not what goes on.

PMID- 6820695
TI  - Union concern for aged.

PMID- 6820697
TI  - Developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates in Cavernicola pilosa.
AB  - The developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi ssp., found in the intestinal tract
      of Cavernicola pilosa, are described and measurements given for nine life stages.
      The frequencies of the various stages in foregut, midgut and hindgut of the
      triatomines are provided; parasites were rare in the foregut and
      metatrypomastigotes were seen only in the mid- and hindguts. All adult bugs
      examined harboured intestinal infections of T. cruzi-like flagellates, large
      clumps of amastigotes were frequently observed in the midgut. The faeces of C.
      pilosa, containing metacyclic trypomastigotes, did not produce patent
      parasitaemia when inoculated into mice. Inoculated mice were not protected
      against subsequent challenge infections with the highly virulent Tulahuen stock
      of T. c. cruzi. The blood of bats also failed to produce parasitaemia when
      inoculated into mice, nor were the mice protected against subsequent challenges
      with T. c. cruzi. Although the developmental stages described were very similar
      to those of T. c. cruzi it is presumed that they were stages of T. c. marinkellei
      because of their failure to infect mice and Rhodnius prolixus, and their failure
      to protect inoculated mice against challenge with T. c. cruzi.

PMID- 6820698
TI  - [Chagas' sialadenopathy. Experimental study of the sublingual gland].

PMID- 6820699
TI  - [Chromosomal studies in infants with severe protein-calorie malnutrition].

PMID- 6820700
TI  - [The ecology of malnutrition and intelligence].

PMID- 6820701
TI  - [Cooperative study of resistance to antibacilli drugs in M. Tuberculosis strains
      isolated from Tuberculosis patients. (Preliminary study)].

PMID- 6820702
TI  - [Clinical case of pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium chelonei].

PMID- 6820703
TI  - [Cicatrization of open wounds in malnutrition with hypoproteinemia. Experimental
      study].

PMID- 6820704
TI  - [Alpha chain disease].

PMID- 6820705
TI  - The complement system and the inflammatory response in experimental Chagas'
      disease.

PMID- 6820706
TI  - [Immunochemical studies on aqueous extracts of Taenia solium larvae and adults.
      I. Immunogenicity and antigenic composition].

PMID- 6820707
TI  - [Immunochemical studies on aqueous extracts of Taenia solium larvae and adults.
      II. Antigenic relationship, chromatographic patterns; immunologic activity of the
      scolex].

PMID- 6820708
TI  - [Appearance of subjective symptoms in persons with elevated arterial blood
      pressure].

PMID- 6820709
TI  - [Hypertension among persons with different body weight].

PMID- 6820712
TI  - [Position of the maxilla and the mandible in prognathism].

PMID- 6820711
TI  - [Epidemiological studies of ischemic heart disease in Bialystok and Suchowola
      parish].

PMID- 6820710
TI  - [Hypertension among persons with different blood concentrations of cholesterol or
      triglycerides].

PMID- 6820714
TI  - [Humoral response of the body in various types of bronchial asthma in relation to
      drug therapy, respiratory tract infection and clinical state of the patients].

PMID- 6820713
TI  - [Structure and effectiveness of the health and social care in urban residential
      areas].

PMID- 6820715
TI  - [Effect of the most frequently used pesticides on various biological parameters
      in Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea)].

PMID- 6820716
TI  - [Plasma renin activity (PRA) in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and chronic
      hepatopathies].

PMID- 6820717
TI  - A stimulation of collagen biosynthesis by serum in Balb C/3T3 cell cultures.

PMID- 6820718
TI  - [Thrombopoietic activity of the plasma in patients with lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 6820719
TI  - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension in Bialystok and
      Suchowola parish. I. Organization of the studies and the methodological
      principles. II. General characteristics of 2 populations studied: in the city of
      Bialystok and in the Suchowola parish].

PMID- 6820720
TI  - [Hypertension among the population of men aged 40-59 in the city of Bialystok and
      the Suchowola parish].

PMID- 6820721
TI  - [Hypertension and the type of work].

PMID- 6820722
TI  - The last epidemic: selective decontamination in the control of mortality among
      radiation victims.
AB  - Observations made in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have learned that at some distance
      from the hypocenter of an A-bomb explosion, individuals--in densely populated
      areas many thousands--may receive a radiation dose which could be survived
      practically all exposed persons provided bacterial infections by potentially
      pathogenic microorganisms could effectively be prevented. As a result
      deteriorating hygienic circumstances may soon promote the occurrence of epidemics
      by pathogenic bacteria in a zone surrounding the bombed area. This may be
      promoted by the presence of persons with a suppressed defence capacity due to
      (low dose) irradiation obtained during the explosion or later on by fall out.
      Both infections by potentially pathogenic microbes--most of endogenous origin--as
      well as infections by a number of different pathogenic bacterial species could
      effectively be prevented by selective decontamination (SD). SD is a method of
      infection prophylaxis in use in neutropenic patients such as patients with acute
      leukaemia during remission induction therapy. SD is performed by oral treatment
      with colonization resistance saving antimicrobial drugs and should start within
      two or three days after a nuclear explosion. Suggestions are made for the
      organisation of large scale treatment of many thousands of persons with SD-pills
      while implications of the latter for the control of epidemic spread of infections
      among persons living in the first aid zone who have not been exposed to radiation
      during or after the explosion, are also mentioned.

PMID- 6820724
TI  - Antigenic differences between European and East Asian strains of HFRS virus.

PMID- 6820723
TI  - Hepatitis non-A, non-B.

PMID- 6820725
TI  - Studies of two 'Wolfgram' proteins, W1 and W2, isolated from myelin of rat brain.

PMID- 6820728
TI  - [Some trial studies on the detection of Streptococcus faecalis in water samples].

PMID- 6820727
TI  - Alpha 2-glycoprotein.

PMID- 6820726
TI  - A review of the molecular properties and organ specificity of the GP-350
      glycoprotein fraction from bovine brain.

PMID- 6820729
TI  - [Results of carbon dioxide emission measurements in Berlin].

PMID- 6820730
TI  - [Effect of long-term irrigation of urban waste waters on the C- and N-content and
      the biological mineralization activity of the soil].

PMID- 6820731
TI  - [Biochemical analysis of amniotic fluid in Rh sensitized pregnancy].

PMID- 6820732
TI  - Metabolic and clinical significance of ketosis.

PMID- 6820733
TI  - Effects of inspiratory pressure oscillation on pulmonary gas exchange and
      circulatory functions in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.
AB  - Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs were used to study the effects of
      inspiratory pressure oscillation on gas exchange. Respiratory failure was induced
      in dogs artificially, changing either tidal volume or ventilatory rate. Pressure
      oscillation of approximately 2 Hz with amplitudes of 2 to 7 cmH2O was applied on
      the inspiratory phase of mechanical ventilation. PaO2 and PaCO2 were improved
      consistently by pressure oscillation while minute ventilation was kept fixed. No
      significant change was observed in AaDO2, cardiac output, heart rate, ECG and
      both systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures under oscillated ventilation. The
      oscillated ventilation could be continued for more than 60 minutes without
      causing any significant change in circulatory function. The ratio of alveolar
      ventilation to minute ventilation (VA/VE) increased and that of dead space to
      tidal volume (VD/VT) decreased significantly. The oscillated ventilation while
      breathing He-O2 and SF6-O2 showed no consistent difference in the effects on gas
      exchange. It can be concluded that simple pressure oscillation improves gas
      mixing in the lungs and may be applied to respiratory care. However the mechanism
      remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6820734
TI  - Hereditary and congenital factors in inflammations of the uveal tract.
AB  - The discovery of associations between HLA antigens and particular diseases has
      provided an explanation for some racial differences in the incidence of uveitis.
      Acute anterior uveitis is strongly associated with HLA B27 and this hereditary
      influence has been substantiated by evidence of familial cases. HLA B5 occurs
      more frequently in Japanese patients with Behcet's disease and HLA BW22J and HLA
      DWa are associated with the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. HLA B7 and HLA DRW2
      occur more frequently in patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis. Some
      possible explanations for these associations are discussed. Syphilis, cytomegalic
      inclusion disease, and toxoplasmosis can all produce a congenital form of
      uveitis.

PMID- 6820736
TI  - Diagnosis of active tuberculosis by immunological methods. 1. The effect of
      tuberculin reactivity and previous BCG vaccination on the antibody levels
      determined by ELISA.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare the levels of
      antibody to M. tuberculosis in the IgG, IgM and IgA classes in 107 patients with
      active pulmonary tuberculosis, 109 healthy tuberculin-positive and 34 healthy
      tuberculin-negative individuals and to assess the effect of previous BCG
      vaccination on these levels. Tuberculin-positive control subjects had higher
      levels of antibody than tuberculin-negative controls in the IgG class only. As
      the IgG class was the most discriminative from the diagnostic point of view, this
      phenomenon reduced the usefulness of the test. While 77% of patients had amounts
      of antibody above the level which included 97.5% of tuberculin-negative control
      subjects, only 62% of patients had such elevated levels when compared with the
      tuberculin-positive controls. The discriminatory power of the test was increased
      from 62 to 75% by assaying antibodies in both the IgG and IgA classes, but only
      two further patients were found to be positive when IgM antibody levels were also
      assayed. Previous BCG vaccination had no significant effect on the antibody
      levels.

PMID- 6820737
TI  - Diagnosis of active tuberculosis by immunological methods. 2. Qualitative
      differences in the dermal response to tuberculin in patients with active
      pulmonary disease and healthy tuberculin-positive individuals.
AB  - The tuberculin reactivity of 107 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and
      143 healthy age-matched control subjects were compared. At 48 hours 96% of
      patients and 76% of control subjects were positive reactors. The diameters of the
      reactions were of similar size. At 24 hours 93% of patients and 65% of controls
      were positive: the reactions tended to be larger in the patient group but the
      difference was of no diagnostic value. The greatest discrimination was apparent
      at 6-8 hours when 72% of patients and only 3.5% of control subjects reacted.
      Although probably an Arthus reaction, this early response did not correlate
      significantly with antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      Accordingly the two tests, to some extent, complemented each other
      diagnostically.

PMID- 6820738
TI  - [Extensive diverticulosis of the small intestine with malabsorption. Apropos of 2
      cases].

PMID- 6820735
TI  - Immunological aspects of Behcet's and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's diseases.
AB  - Immunogenetic studies showed that Behcet's disease has a primary association with
      HLA-B antigen (HLA-BW51) and the same association throughout the world, whereas,
      Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease (VKH) is primarily associated with supertypic HLA
      DR antigen (MT3), an HLA-D-linked B cell alloantigen in Japanese. Immunological
      investigation showed that the serum levels of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) were
      significantly increased in both Behcet's disease and VKH, IFN-gamma showed a
      significant decrease in the ocular exacerbation stage in Behcet's disease. The
      highest IFN titre was observed 1 to 2 months after the onset of the disease in
      VKH.

PMID- 6820739
TI  - Pulsating exophthalmos: orbital tumors in siblings.
AB  - The extremely rare occurrence of sibling brothers with left pulsating
      exophthalmos has been presented with very similar plain film and CT scan
      findings. Other patients presented demonstrate the strong familial trend of
      neurofibromatosis, the multiplicity of lesions, the progression of lesions.
      Genetic counseling is indicated, together with educating the patient and family
      as to further neurologic deficits which may develop. On-going evaluation at
      intervals is indicated. Significant cases should only be approached surgically
      with the realization of the seriousness of what both the patient and doctor may
      encounter. Surgery, unfortunately, usually cannot offer much help. An
      interdisciplinary approach with the surgeon, plastic surgeon, neurosurgeon, and
      ophthalmologist offers a safer approach.

PMID- 6820740
TI  - Aluminum as a factor in the bone disease of long-term parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6820741
TI  - Hypothalamic brain transplants reverse hypogonadism in male mutant mice with
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency.

PMID- 6820742
TI  - Contribution of a platelet component to endothelial prostacyclin production
      despite inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity.
AB  - Platelets aggregated with low concentrations of thrombin enhanced prostacyclin
      release from umbilical vein endothelium, which had an active cyclooxygenase. This
      result cannot be explained solely by an effect of thrombin on the endothelium or
      by transfer of the endoperoxide PGH2 from platelets to the endothelium. The
      quantity of prostacyclin released is sufficient to alter platelet adherence to
      umbilical vein endothelium in the presence of thrombin.

PMID- 6820743
TI  - Effect of respiratory sensation on load compensation and CO2 retention in
      patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 6820744
TI  - Polymorphonuclear cells from human peripheral blood, but not lymphocytes,
      monocytes, or monocyte-derived macrophages, cause the in vitro hydrolysis of
      apolipoprotein A-II of serum high density lipoproteins.

PMID- 6820745
TI  - [Bacteriological and morphological findings in aborted cattle fetuses].
AB  - Bacteriologic investigations were carried out on a total of 142 fetuses aborted
      by cows. C. pyogenes, V. fetus, Streptococcus pyogenes animalis (Sofia), M.
      bovigenitalium, A. laidlawii, E. coli, and B. subtilis were isolated from 34
      fetuses (24 per cent). Besides, single of these species were found in 80 per cent
      of the positive cases, and a mixed infection--in 20 per cent. The morphologic
      changes in all 34 fetuses that were positive were seen chiefly in the lungs and
      liver. Such lesions, however, were not instrumental in differentiating the
      etiologic agent.

PMID- 6820746
TI  - [Electrostimulation of the bovine uterus].

PMID- 6820747
TI  - Interference of detergents in immunoassays of rhodopsin.

PMID- 6820748
TI  - Taurine-calcium interactions in frog rod outer segments: taurine effects on an
      ATP-dependent calcium translocation process.
AB  - Frog rod outer segments (ROS) isolated in a Ca-free, EGTA-containing medium,
      showed a rapid ATP-dependent accumulation of 45Ca, GTP, CTP, ITP, UTP, GMP and
      beta-, gamma-methylene ATP did not substitute for ATP in energizing Ca uptake.
      This process required Mg, it was abolished in the presence of Ca ionophores
      A23187 and X537A and is not affected by external sodium. The Arrhenius activation
      energy was 7.9 kcal/mol and the pH optimum was approximately 7.2. The apparent Km
      for Ca uptake was 66 microM with a V max of 12.5 nmol/mg protein. 45Ca
      accumulation was reduced in illuminated ROS. The presence of 5-25 mM taurine, but
      not of GABA, glycine, histidine or proline, markedly enhanced Ca uptake by ROS.

PMID- 6820749
TI  - [Amoeba (Malamoeba locustae King et Taylor) and Gregarina (Gregarina garnhami
      Canning), parasites of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria L.) in the Poznan
      Zoo].

PMID- 6820751
TI  - Presentation of diabetes mellitus at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka.
AB  - The mode of presentation of 118 insulin-dependent (IDD) and 187 non insulin
      dependent diabetics (NIDD) is outlined. The complications as well as associated
      diseases are presented. Eighty-six males were insulin-dependent and ninety-eight
      males were non insulin-dependent. Thirty-two females were insulin-dependent while
      eighty-nine females were non insulin-dependent. The age range was 14-50 years
      with a mean of 34.3 years for the insulin-dependent patients while the age range
      and mean for the non insulin-dependent patients was 30-50 years and 45.7 years
      respectively. The range for the duration of diabetes mellitus was 0.5-312 months
      with a mean of 52 months for the insulin-dependent patients while it was 1-228
      months and 55 months respectively for the non insulin-dependent patients. In the
      insulin-dependent group there were 107 Africans, 9 Asians and 2 Europeans while
      in the non insulin-dependent group there were 143 Africans, 43 Asians and 1
      European.

PMID- 6820750
TI  - [Diverticulosis of the digestive tract in our patients over a 10-year period].
AB  - Incidence, localization and clinical characteristics of diverticulosis of the
      digestive tract detected within the period 1971-1980 are analysed. Of 12.352
      examined patients, diverticulosis was found in 425 (3,44%). The largest number
      was detected radiologically and some endoscopically. Diverticulosis was most
      commonly found in: colon 355, duodenum 42, eosophagus 20 and small intestine 16
      (of them 11 with Meckel's) and most rarely in the stomach, 12 patients.
      Symtomatology was non-characteristic. The treatment was conservative, except in
      the case of complications. Complications occurred in 39 (9,2%) patients. Due to
      complications, Meckel's diverticuli were actively searched for and all cases were
      operated on.

PMID- 6820752
TI  - The effect of Ca2+ deprivation on the glucagon-induced orthophosphate
      incorporation into the perfused fed rat liver.

PMID- 6820753
TI  - Endocrinologic features of male infertility.
AB  - We measured FSH, LH, PRL and Testosterone levels in serum and seminal fluid of
      100 patients, 30 fertile and 70 infertile. Plasma Testosterone was similar in
      different groups of patients, while seminal fluid concentrations were higher in
      plasma as compared to the seminal fluid. Plasma Prolactin did not show any
      significant variation among the different groups, whereas seminal Prolactin was
      always found to be higher than that in plasma. The values of plasma FSH were
      significantly increased in the patients with testicular hypoplasia. Seminal and
      plasma LH values did not show any significant variation among the different
      groups.

PMID- 6820755
TI  - Occupational stress and hypertension.
AB  - The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health in the Commonwealth
      Institute of Health and the University of Sydney has since 1977 been conducting a
      study of possible occupational factors in hypertension and in other precursors of
      coronary heart disease. The study arose out of claims by public service employees
      that the stress of their work was inducing these diseases. The study has two
      additional aims: prospective observation of progression of hypertension and
      associated cardiovascular risk variables in relation to evolving occupational
      conditions; and a trial of non-pharmacological modification of mild hypertension
      and associated variables through intervention by occupational nurses. A total of
      4607 subject drawn from telecommunications and taxation offices in Sydney
      underwent medical screening before allocation, according to risk, into
      intervention and reference groups. Data acquisition included self-administration
      of two questionnaires, on personal, social, occupational and medical history, and
      on reaction to potential work stresses and to recent life events. Response to
      questions related to the coronary prone behaviour pattern was tested in a sub-set
      of the population against rating of the pattern by Rosenman and Friedman's
      interview method. The paper reports on method and preliminary description of the
      population.

PMID- 6820758
TI  - Effect of acupuncture on pain threshold measurement of tooth pulp in the monkey.
AB  - The effect of acupuncture on pain threshold from tooth pulp stimulation was
      studied in alert, awake monkeys. Manual manipulation of acupuncture needles in
      specific acupuncture points in the hands and legs caused a consistent and
      significant rise in threshold. Some points, such as Ho-Ku (LI-4) and Tsu-San-Li
      (St-36), produced more prominent analgesic effects than others. Increase of pain
      threshold was observed also after application of finger pressure on acupuncture
      points. Acupuncture and finger pressure applied to certain muscle points
      exhibited similar analgesic effects.

PMID- 6820757
TI  - [Calling into question medical responsibility in a death following prolonged
      treatment with perhexiline maleate].

PMID- 6820754
TI  - The clinical use of arginine aspartate in male infertility.
AB  - 130 male subjects (61 with asthenospermia, 69 with oligoasthenospermia)
      classified according to spermiologic patterns have been treated with different
      therapeutic outlines (gonadotrophins, antibiotica, arginine aspartate high
      levels, their associations); 89 subjects have been undergone with arginine
      aspartate, 41 without arginine aspartate. The results have been critically
      examined in order to different therapeutic outlines, to spermiogram, to
      diagnosis, to use of arginine aspartate in different spermiologic alterations, to
      use of arginine aspartate with respect to control groups, to arginine aspartate
      levels.

PMID- 6820756
TI  - Gas gangrene after intramuscular injection: report of two cases.

PMID- 6820759
TI  - [Investigation of delayed puberty].
AB  - Delayed puberty is defined as the total or almost total absence of development of
      sex characteristics at an age exceeding the mean by two standard deviations:
      approximately 15 years in boys and 13 years in girls. A double sense has been
      given to this term, which is usually applied to permanent hypogonadism as well as
      to normal but delayed maturation. In practice, certain signs can assist
      formulation of a prognosis, and if necessary the type of therapy required. Data
      on which can be based the diagnosis, surveillance, and medical conduct in
      sexually immature adolescents are discussed. Their interpretation is simple when
      elevated gonadotrophins levels indicate a primary gonadal lesion, or when the
      delayed puberty results from a general disease disturbing body maturation. In
      other cases, interpretation of data is often very difficult and is sometimes a
      very slow process. Because of these difficulties, the diagnosis between simple
      delay and gonadotrophic insufficiency is discussed in this report on the basis of
      a retrospective study conducted for a long enough period to have arrived at a
      definite conclusion.

PMID- 6820760
TI  - Pulp therapy in primary teeth. A review and prospectus.

PMID- 6820761
TI  - Anticonvulsant activation of pain-suppressive systems.
AB  - The effect of diphenylhydantoin, sodium valproate and carbamezepine on the
      enzymatic activity of the anterior mesencephalic periaqueductal grey matter was
      examined by a histochemical technique using density phase measurement.
      Diphenylhydantoin caused the greatest reduction in glutamate dehydrogenase and
      GABA. Only sodium valproate increased glutamate dehydrogenase and GABA and only
      diphenylhydantoin an increase in semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Central
      pain suppressive systems can be activated by certain anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6820762
TI  - [Effect of chronic administration of triflusal on pulmonary thrombosis induced by
      arachidonic acid].

PMID- 6820763
TI  - [Inhibition of platelet cyclo-oxygenase by triflusal].

PMID- 6820764
TI  - [Evaluation of biochemical, serological and antibiotic-sensitivity
      characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for epidemiological purpose].

PMID- 6820765
TI  - [Findings on the incidence of healthy carriers of Neisseria meningitidis in 3
      communities of the Brindisi province].

PMID- 6820766
TI  - [Epilepsy in the 1st year of life].

PMID- 6820767
TI  - Detection by electron microscopy of R-type virus-like particles in chemically
      induced hamster lingual carcinomas.

PMID- 6820768
TI  - Childhood neurofibromatosis in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 6820769
TI  - Complex cardiac arrhythmias probably secondary to lithium.

PMID- 6820771
TI  - Adherence of intestinal lactobacilli following the feeding of milk containing
      lactobacilli.

PMID- 6820770
TI  - Neurofibromatosis presenting as an asymptomatic abdominal mass.

PMID- 6820772
TI  - [EEG features at the intervals between grand mal seizures--an EEG analysis of 767
      cases].

PMID- 6820774
TI  - Testicular function of actively immunized male rats with LH releasing hormone
      (LHRH): a possible role of prolactin on regulation of spermatogenesis.
AB  - The effect of testosterone propionate (TP) on the recovery of spermatogenesis was
      compared in 3 types of experimentally induced gonadotropin-deficient rats; 1.
      hypophysectomized rats, 2. rats actively immunized to LHRH and 3.
      hypophysectomized and immunized rats bearing a pituitary isograft. In order to
      immunize animals to LHRH, deamidated LHRH conjugated with BSA (LHRH-BSA) was
      injected intradermally to male rats 4 times at 2 week intervals and additional
      booster injections continued once a month. Anti-LHRH titer was the highest on the
      12th week and the titer remained at a relatively high levels thereafter. A
      remarkable decrease in testicular weight and testosterone production was achieved
      in 10 weeks associated with a drop in serum LH and FSH levels. In long term
      immunized rat (LIM rats) which had been immunized for more than 3 months,
      testicular atrophy advanced to a similar extent to that in long term
      hypophysectomized rats (HX rats). The administration of TP (1 mg/day) sc for 30
      days restored spermatogenesis in LIM rats. The simultaneous administration of
      anti-LH and -FSH sera in addition to TP did not affect the restoration of
      spermatogenesis in LIM rats. The same TP treatment in HX rats, however, failed to
      restore spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was reinitiated after TP treatment if
      immunized-hypophysectomized rats received a pituitary isograft. Though the serum
      PRL level in LIM rats was one fifth of that in normal rats, a 2.5-fold rise in
      the PRL level was observed after TP treatment. These results suggest that PRL is
      involved in the process of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6820773
TI  - Stimulation of protein-bound iodine formation by lipid extracts from hog thyroid
      microsomes.
AB  - The lipid materials extracted from hog thyroid microsomes were found to contain
      factors which stimulated both the NADPH oxidation by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase
      and PBI formation by a reconstituted system containing the reductase as a
      hydrogen peroxide generator and thyroid peroxidase. For both reactions, the
      stimulating activity in the extracts from the other subcellular fractions was
      less than that observed in the extracts from microsomal fraction. Lipids
      extracted from hog liver microsomes did not show any NADPH oxidation stimulating
      activity. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipid extracts from thyroid microsomes
      revealed the presence of at least two stimulating factors differing in
      chromatographic behaviour. At least one of the stimulating factors separated on
      TLC stimulated the oxygen consumption accompanied by generation of hydrogen
      peroxide due to the NADPH oxidation by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. From these
      results it was suggested that in thyroid microsomes, but not in liver microsomes,
      there were stimulating factors extractable by chloroform-methanol. The factors
      could stimulate NADPH oxidation by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase followed by
      generation of hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the enhancement of PBI formation
      coupled with thyroid peroxidase.

PMID- 6820776
TI  - [Effect of estradiol on changes in the thyroid hormone concentration of the blood
      of sheep after administration of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)].

PMID- 6820775
TI  - [Effect of occupational noise and vibration on thyroid function].

PMID- 6820778
TI  - [Prolactin secretion in patients with diabetes mellitus - TRH or bromocriptine
      function tests].

PMID- 6820777
TI  - [Thyroid function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6820779
TI  - [Radioimmunological method of determining thyroliberin (TRH) in human plasma].

PMID- 6820780
TI  - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating
      hormone and prolactin in aged, ovariectomized CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (Prl) were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in young (2-4 months-old) and aged CD-1 (14-18 months-old) and
      C57BL/6 (16-22 months-old) mice one month after ovariectomy. In young,
      ovariectomized mice, plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH and FSH were
      significantly higher, whereas concentrations of Prl were significantly lower than
      those in control mice (sham-operated). In contrast, plasma concentrations of LH,
      FSH and Prl were not statistically different in aged, ovariectomized mice and
      aged, control mice. There were also no differences in pituitary concentrations of
      the three hormones when comparing the same aged C57BL/6 mice, although the aged,
      ovariectomized CD-1 mice exhibited higher pituitary levels of each hormone than
      those of their controls. The pituitary of the aged mouse responds differently to
      ovariectomy than that of the young mouse because of age-related changes in the
      ovary and/or hypothalamic-hypophyseal complex.

PMID- 6820781
TI  - [Endoscopic parasitologic diagnosis of giardiasis and strongyloidiasis].

PMID- 6820782
TI  - [Ultrasonographic features of amebic liver abscess in the first 4 weeks of
      clinical manifestations].

PMID- 6820783
TI  - [Diagnosis of abdominal hematomas by ultrasound].

PMID- 6820785
TI  - Asociacion Interamericana de Gastroenterologia: abstracts of presentations. La
      Paz, Bolivia 1980.

PMID- 6820784
TI  - [Changes in gastric morphology in surgically treated patients with parietal cell
      vagotomies].

PMID- 6820786
TI  - [Proteolytic activity of human semen in cases of oligospermia].

PMID- 6820787
TI  - [Analysis of the cardiotocograms in pregnancies with Rh incompatibility].

PMID- 6820788
TI  - [Thyrotropin releasing hormone].

PMID- 6820789
TI  - [Endocrinological approach to the diagnosis of prolactinoma].

PMID- 6820790
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of metabolic acidosis observed in the children treated
      with anticonvulsants].
AB  - Clinical and experimental studies were performed on the mechanisms of metabolic
      acidosis observed in the children with epilepsy who had long been treated with
      anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital (PB) or diphenylhydantoin (DPH). The effect
      of the anticonvulsants was studied on the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozymes
      (CA-B and CA-C) and on the calcium ion metabolism. The results obtained were as
      follows: (1) Ten cases with metabolic acidosis were found in 37 cases of epilepsy
      (27%). Hypocalcemia and high alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum were
      observed in the acidotic cases. The specific activity of erythrocyte CA-B isozyme
      was significantly lower in the acidotic cases as compared to those in nonacidotic
      cases or normal individuals, suggesting that the metabolic acidosis may bring
      about an inhibition of this enzyme. (2) In vitro experiments were performed to
      further study the effect of DPH on the erythrocyte CA-B and CA-C. Incubation of
      the enzymes with DPH resulted in an inhibition of their activities. Affinity
      binding of DPH to the enzymes was studied using a gel filtration method. The
      binding of DPH was not replaced by the presence of salicylate, indicating that
      the binding is non-specific. The addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid did
      not show any influence on the binding, suggesting that the binding is not chelate
      bound with zinc ion which locates at the active center of the enzyme. The binding
      of DPH was not competitive with respect to acetazolamide which is known to have
      an affinity for the active center of the enzyme. These results suggest that the
      binding site of DPH for the enzyme is in the vicinity of its active center,
      however definitely different from those of acetazolamide. PB was supposed to
      behave in the same manner as DPH for carbonic anhydrases. (3) This study lead to
      the conclusion that a long term treatment with PB or DPH specifically inhibits
      the activity of carbonic anhydrases in erythrocytes. The inhibition of the enzyme
      activity may result in the metabolic acidosis. Imbalanced calcium ion metabolism
      was supposed to be induced by the acidosis. The considerable care is requisite
      for a long-term treatment of anticonvulsants.

PMID- 6820791
TI  - Genetic analysis of the non-H-2-linked Ir genes controlling the cytotoxic T-cell
      response to H-Y in H-2d mice.
AB  - The T-cell mediated immune responses to the male specific minor
      histocompatibility antigen H-Y in mice have been studied extensively as a model
      for immune responses to other weak antigens like tumor antigens or autoantigens.
      In a recent analysis of the strain distribution of the cytotoxic T-cell (Tc-cell)
      responsiveness to H-Y, it has been found that genes both within and outside the H
      2 complex exert an interactive control. Whereas the H-2b strains all are high
      responders, independent of their non-H-2 background, other H-2 haplotypes (d, k,
      and s) only allow for a response if they are combined with certain non-H-2 genes.
      The H-2-linked immune response genes (Ir-genes) have been previously mapped to
      the I and K or D region of the H-2 complex, but the mapping of the non-H-2 genes
      has not yet been established. In this study evidence is presented, using
      recombinant inbred strains and immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) congenic strains
      of mice, to show that there is more than one non-H-2 Ir-gene involved, that the
      main controlling genes are not linked to the Igh complex, and that at least one
      non-H-2 Ir-gene is linked to the H-3 region on chromosome 2. This region includes
      genes for beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2m), the Ly-m11 alloantigen a polymorphic
      cell surface glycoprotein (Pgp-1), a B-cell specific antigen Ly-4, a
      transplantation antigen H-3, and genes (Ir-2) controlling the immune response to
      Ea-1 and H-13.

PMID- 6820792
TI  - Ia associated Ii chain is not encoded by chromosome 17 of the mouse.

PMID- 6820794
TI  - Association between tension and orientation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts
      and exogenous collagen fibres in collagen gels in vitro.
AB  - The relationship between the development of tension in sheets of fibroblasts and
      the orientation of these cells and collagen fibres in collagen gels was examined.
      Cell-containing, three-dimensional collagen gels were established in agarose
      coated Epon dies measuring 10 mm X 4 mm X 4 mm, to which pieces of demineralized
      tooth and bone had been attached at opposite ends. Contraction of the gel into an
      opaque structure suspended between the two particles occurred over 24 h and
      resulted in concave upper and lateral surfaces and a flat to slightly concave
      lower surface. Initial orientation of the fibres along the tooth-bone axis was
      followed by similar orientation of the cells. Gels cast without cells exhibited
      no change in dimensions. Release of the tooth particle after 12 or 24 h of
      incubation led to shortening of the contracted gels 5 min following release. This
      shortening was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than that of
      uncontracted or slightly contracted gels (1 h and 3 h incubation). Gels attached
      at one end only compacted around the site of attachment but did not show
      orientation of cells or fibres. Gels containing colcemid or cytochalasin D were
      only slightly compacted and did not develop tension. Collagen fibres, but not
      cell in colcemid-containing gels, showed some alignment; neither were aligned in
      the presence of cytochalasin D. These data suggest that both microtubules and
      microfilaments are necessary for alignment of cells and the establishment of
      tension between two points of attachment in collagen gels. Furthermore, they lend
      support to our previously advanced hypothesis that the development of tension
      between two points can result in the orientation of the cells along an axis
      connecting the points of attachment. This could provide a mechanism for the
      development of oriented fibre systems in vivo.

PMID- 6820793
TI  - Rehabilitation following brain damage: some neurophysiological mechanisms. Animal
      models of recovery with training after central nervous system lesions.
AB  - Animal studies revealed that training with techniques of instrumental
      conditioning produces another phase of functional recovery beyond spontaneous
      recovery after CNS lesions. Such conditioned behaviour is difficult to transfer
      to an unconditioned or another conditioned response. Conditioned and
      unconditioned behaviours are mediated through different pathways and mechanisms.
      Conditioned behaviour requires less specific pathways and can probably be
      achieved as long as the basic spinal mechanisms are activated. Other studies
      showed that reflex recovery can be maximized through non-specific training,
      probably by protecting the neuromuscular system from deterioration. However, such
      a programme does not appear to improve the reflexes beyond the level attributable
      to spontaneous recovery, nor to facilitate the rate of recovery. If the training
      is specifically directed towards augmentation of a particular reflex, the reflex
      can be improved beyond that seen with spontaneous recovery but may be exaggerated
      to a functional disadvantage. These findings have significant clinical
      implications.

PMID- 6820795
TI  - Structure of three-dimensionally rod-shaped mitochondrial nucleoids isolated from
      the slime mould Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Mitochondrial nucleoids were isolated from microplasmodia of the true slime mould
      Physarum polycephalum using a discontinuous sucrose gradient following treatment
      of the mitochondria with Nonidet P-40. Studies of the isolated mitochondrial
      nucleoids by fluorescence and electron microscopy showed that the isolated
      structure was morphologically intact when compared with the structure in the
      mitochondria. Scanning and negative staining electron micrographs of the isolated
      mitochondrial nucleoids indicated the presence of 'elemental fibres', 10 nm in
      diameter, which were organized three-dimensionally into the rod-shaped structure
      of the nucleoid. Increases in ionic strength brought about loss of shape of the
      nucleoids and the elementary fibres became bare in places, from which thin
      filaments, believed to be DNA, protruded. After treatment of the isolated
      nucleoid with Pronase E, the three-dimensional shape was lost and a large number
      of DNA filaments appeared to radiate from the undigested region of the remaining
      nucleoid. Biochemical analyses of the isolated nucleoids revealed that the ratio
      of A235 to A260 was 0.7 while RNA:DNA and protein:DNA were 0.4 and 1.4,
      respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      isolated nucleoids indicated that polypeptides of molecular weight 20 K, 32 K, 34
      K, 39 K, 41 K, 65 K, 66 K, 96 K and 125 K were associated specifically with the
      nucleoids.

PMID- 6820796
TI  - Eye findings in the linear sebaceous nevus syndrome: a possible clue to the
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 6820797
TI  - Determination of proteolytic activity using L-[4,5-3H]leucine-labelled globin as
      a substrate.
AB  - A method is described for the assay of proteolytic activity, based on the
      digestion of L-[4,5-3H]leucine globin. L-[4,5-3H]Leucine was incorporated into
      the substrate at the stage of haemoglobin biosynthesis, using rabbit
      erythrocytes. Assay methods for proteolytic enzymes have been based on the
      digestion of haemoglobin, serum albumin or casein, and the determination of the
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble products [1,2]. More sensitive methods have been
      developed by using haemoglobin labelled with a fluorescent [3-5] or radioactive
      marker [6,7]. These methods avoid the errors which beset the Anson procedure,
      such as interference by impurities (purines at 280 nm and reducing compounds at
      700 nm) [8]. However, methods using labelled proteins as a substrate present a
      number of problems, the most troublesome of which are the high blank values and
      the use of non-physiological substrates when chemically modified proteins are
      employed. In the present communication a simple and sensitive method for the
      assay of proteolytic enzyme activity is described. This is based on the digestion
      of L-[4,5-3H]leucine globin by proteolytic enzymes and radioactivity measurement
      of the trichloroacetic acid soluble cleavage products.

PMID- 6820798
TI  - Physiological and nutritional features of Corynebacterium pyogenes.
AB  - Growth and acid metabolic products were similar when Corynebacterium pyogenes was
      grown aerobically or anaerobically in a serum-free medium (SFM). This indicated
      that C. pyogenes obtains energy for growth primarily by fermentative metabolism
      even under aerobic growth conditions. Growth yield was reduced by 90% in SFM
      minus glucose, 50% in SFM minus NaHCO3, 90% in SFM minus yeast extract, 100% in
      SFM minus Trypticase and yeast extract, and 30% in SFM minus haemin or
      Trypticase. Growth was not detectable when a known mixture of amino acids,
      vitamins, and nucleic acid bases were substituted for Trypticase and yeast
      extract in SFM; addition to the latter medium of a peptide source such as
      Trypticase or casitone supported good growth of the organism. When NaHCO3 was
      omitted from SFM and dissolved CO2 in the medium was rigorously excluded, growth
      was undetectable indicating that C. pyogenes has an obligate requirement for CO2
      for growth. Succinate, formate and acetate were the major fermentation products
      in SFM, whereas in SFM minus HCO-3 or haemin, lactate was the major product and
      only small quantities of other acids accumulated.

PMID- 6820799
TI  - Effects of thiamin on vitamin B6 synthesis in yeasts.
AB  - The effects of exogenous thiamin on the growth yield and vitamin B6 content of 18
      strains of yeasts and a few strains of bacteria were examined. The addition of
      thiamin hardly affected the growth yield of the yeasts tested, except for two
      strains Saccharomyces uvarum strain 4228 and Saccharomyces uvarum IFO 0751. In
      contrast, the vitamin B6 content of all the yeasts tested, except Pichia
      membranaefaciens IFO 0189, decreased markedly in the presence of thiamin. In S.
      uvarum IFO 1265, the synthesis of vitamin B6 was maximally inhibited by the
      addition of thiamin (1.5 nmol ml-1) to the growth medium without affecting cell
      growth, whereas the amounts of cellular vitamin B6 increased in the presence of
      the thiamin antagonist, pyrithiamin or oxythiamin, at concentrations that did not
      affect growth. When [4'-14C]pyridoxine. HCl (0.5 micrograms ml-1) was added to
      the growth medium at least 54% of the added isotope was incorporated into the
      cells during 24 h incubation. In the presence of thiamin (15 nmol ml-1), at least
      32% of the added isotope was incorporated. The metabolism of [4'-14C]pyridoxine.
      HCl to inactive forms having no vitamin B6 activity was not stimulated by the
      addition of thiamin. Thus, vitamin B6 synthesis in many yeasts was affected by
      thiamin, whereas, in bacteria, growth yield and vitamin B6 content were not
      affected by thiamin.

PMID- 6820800
TI  - Inhibition of protein secretion by cerulenin in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Cerulenin at a concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 only slightly inhibited growth
      of Bacillus subtilis YY88 while at 50 micrograms ml-1 it inhibited the growth
      rate by 20-35% in complex media, and by 50-60% in mineral medium containing a
      single carbon source. Cerulenin (50 micrograms ml-1) only partially prevented the
      secretion of alpha-amylase, proteases and levansucrase when added to bacteria
      growing in complex medium, but completely prevented the secretion of these
      enzymes in the mineral medium. Lower concentrations of cerulenin (10 micrograms
      ml-1) inhibited the secretion of the enzymes in the mineral medium by up to 40%.
      When the cells were incubated with L-[35S]-methionine (plus a complete amino acid
      mixture) in the presence of cerulenin (50 micrograms ml-1), protein secretion was
      lowered by 68%. Cerulenin inhibited translocation of membrane-bound forms of the
      secreted enzymes to 18% of the control value and the incorporation of radioactive
      methionine into membranes to 46%. These results suggest that the membrane-bound
      forms of secreted proteins play an important role in the secretion process in B.
      subtilis.

PMID- 6820801
TI  - Effect of tunicamycin on exo-1,3-beta-D-glucanase synthesis and secretion by
      cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Addition of tunicamycin to the culture medium of growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      protoplasts or cells resulted in the formation of a modified exo-1,3-beta-D
      glucanase which was detectable in both extracellular and intracellular fractions.
      This modified enzyme had a lower molecular weight than the native form and did
      not bind to concanavalin A. The activation energy and Km values of both enzyme
      forms were identical. Antibodies raised against the native protein readily
      precipitated the exo-1,3-beta-D-glucanase produced after tunicamycin treatment.
      The latter enzyme was comparable, in terms of molecular size and lack of affinity
      for concanavalin A, to the beta-D-glucanase obtained by treatment of the native
      form with endoglycosidase H; both lacked the carbohydrate moiety present in the
      native enzyme. The exo-1,3-beta-D-glucanase obtained in the presence of the
      antibiotic was more sensitive to variations in temperature and pH than both
      endoglycosidase H-treated and non-treated enzymes. Our results suggest that the
      carbohydrate moiety, if not necessary for exo-1,3-beta-D-glucanase secretion, may
      play a role in the conformation of the protein and in stabilizing the enzymic
      activity.

PMID- 6820802
TI  - Outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with survival within
      human polymorphonuclear phagocytes.
AB  - The determinant(s) of gonococcal resistance to killing by human polymorphonuclear
      (PMN) phagocytes appear to be present in outer membrane vesicles (OMV) purified
      from lithium chloride extracts of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain BS4 (agar) by
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) affinity chromatography. OMV neutralized the ability
      of antisera raised against whole gonococci to drastically reduce the capacity of
      strain BS4 (agar) to survive within PMN phagocytes. Furthermore, analysis by SDS
      PAGE of OMV/WGA precipitates from lithium chloride extracts of strain BS4 (agar)
      and strain BSSH, which was more susceptible to phagocyte killing than strain BS4
      (agar) and yielded OMV with poor antiserum-neutralizing activity, suggested that
      three proteins were associated with resistance to phagocyte killing.

PMID- 6820803
TI  - Properties of Escherichia coli grown in vivo using a chamber implant system.
AB  - Strains of Escherichia coli were examined for their ability to grow in diffusion
      chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavities of mice and rabbits. In rabbit
      chambers E. coli K12 strains grew poorly, whereas isogenic strains harbouring
      ColV plasmids and wild-type isolates from extra-intestinal infections grew well.
      The difference was much less marked with strains grown in mouse chambers.
      Differences in sensitivity to the bactericidal action of human or rabbit serum
      were found in some cases between organisms of the same strain grown in vivo or in
      vitro. Host immunoglobulins were bound to the surface of all in vivo bacteria.
      Comparison of the polypeptide composition of bacterial cell envelope preparations
      on SDS-PAGE gels revealed differences between in vivo and in vitro grown E. coli
      growing in vivo may possess properties significantly different from the same
      organisms growing on laboratory medium.

PMID- 6820804
TI  - The use of laser in neurosurgery.
AB  - In the neurosurgical practice the laser can be considered an additional
      instrument to improve the conventional techniques, or even a new method of
      treatment of some cerebral lesions. The laser surgery requires the association of
      three laser sources in combination. The CO2 offers the possibility of a precise
      cutting and of shrinking by vaporization which makes the removal of the lesion
      more complete without touching the surrounding areas. Nd:YAG is particularly
      suitable for tumor surgery allowing a deeper destruction with predictable effects
      associated with a more complete hemostasis. The combination Nd:YAG-Argon has
      clear indications for coagulation. The laser is very useful in high risk cases
      and in combination with the operating microscope in a restricted field near the
      critical areas of the brain and in the spinal cord. The association Argon-Nd: YAG
      is a new method for coagulation. In all cases of AAV malformation a complete
      exclusion was obtained and in 2 cases out of 7 reduced damage were registered. In
      saccular aneurysm in no case additional damage was registered, reduced damage was
      noticed in 2 out of 5 cases.

PMID- 6820805
TI  - A new intestinal parasitic entodiniomorph ciliate from wild lowland gorillas
      (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon?

PMID- 6820807
TI  - Causes of protein energy malnutrition as viewed by the clients' mother.

PMID- 6820806
TI  - Hepatocystis parasitemia in wild Kenya vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).
AB  - Blood smears of 159 vervet monkeys from three sites in Kenya were stained with
      Giemsa and examined for Hepatocystis parasites. The populations differ in
      incidence of parasitemia, ranging from 0-62% affected individuals. These
      differences are probably due to altitude and local environmental conditions.

PMID- 6820808
TI  - [Clinical experience with intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin in myocardial
      infarction and acute coronary failure].

PMID- 6820809
TI  - Spinal reflex activity in patients with chronic Chagas' disease.

PMID- 6820810
TI  - Intensive care of head-injured patients.
AB  - The intensive care and monitoring of patients with head injury is essentially the
      same among patients with mass lesions requiring surgery and those with no mass
      lesions. The surgical procedure should be looked upon as an adjuvant therapy to
      lower a rising intracranial pressure due to an expanding hematoma, macerated or
      infarcted brain. Apart form this all patients will have the same medical
      management and ICP recording will determine the extent of such therapy.

PMID- 6820811
TI  - Thermoreception and temperature regulation.

PMID- 6820812
TI  - Allosteric inhibition by aphidicolin of the activity of DNA polymerase alpha from
      mouse myeloma.
AB  - The mechanism of inhibition by aphidicolin of the activity of purified DNA
      polymerase alpha was studied. In the presence of aphidicolin and activated DNA,
      DNA polymerase alpha from mouse myeloma did not show Michaelis kinetics with
      respect to changes in nucleotide substrate concentration (i.e., dGTP & dTTP). A
      plot of the reaction velocity versus dGTP or dTTP concentration was hyperbolic
      with an intermediary plateau. The double reciprocal plot was concave downwards,
      and the Hill plot gave Hill coefficients of less than 1.0 over most of the curve.
      These results indicate that aphidicolin acts as an allosteric inhibitor for DNA
      polymerase alpha and that DNA polymerase alpha functions as a multisite enzyme
      that exhibits negative cooperativity among at least 3 binding sites of the
      nucleotide substrates (dGTP & dTTP).

PMID- 6820813
TI  - Small angle neutron scattering studies of the structure of nucleosome cores at
      low ionic strength.
AB  - Nucleosome core particles from chicken erythrocytes have been studied by small
      angle neutron scattering over the range from 10 to 0.04 mM Na+ at 65 and 100%
      D2O, and the radii of gyration of the particle were determined. A single
      transition in the radius of gyration was observed at either D2O concentration.
      With decreasing the ionic strength from 10 mM, the radius of gyration of the
      histones obtained at 65% D2O increased from 35 to 40A at about 1 mM ionic
      strength, whereas at 100% D2O the radius of gyration decreased from 39 to 36A
      also near 1 mM ionic strength. No loss of the secondary structure of the histones
      was observed by circular dichroism over the range of the ionic strength examined.
      These results suggest that at low ionic strength (less than or equal to 1 mM) the
      histones may locate outside of the nucleosome core particle accompanied by an
      alteration of the tertiary and/or the quaternary structure of the histone
      octamer.

PMID- 6820814
TI  - [Visualization of the internal organs by the method of computerized tomography.
      Clinical and practical indications].

PMID- 6820817
TI  - A contribution to the theory and practice of supervision.

PMID- 6820816
TI  - [Slow viruses of the human nervous system. II. Scrapie].

PMID- 6820815
TI  - [Changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in acute infantile
      diarrhea].

PMID- 6820818
TI  - Freud's mother conflict and the formulation of the oedipal father.

PMID- 6820819
TI  - The repetition compulsion.

PMID- 6820820
TI  - Family secrets.

PMID- 6820821
TI  - The problem of treating an intensely suffering patient: to gratify or frustrate?

PMID- 6820822
TI  - Reflections on the sexual dilemma of the phallic female: biologic considerations.

PMID- 6820823
TI  - The visiting mind: Henry James's poetics of seeing.

PMID- 6820824
TI  - [Usefulness of the transportation-growth medium, Gonomedium, for the diagnosis of
      gonorrhea].

PMID- 6820825
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in infants].

PMID- 6820829
TI  - [Demonstration of rhodoxanthine in the spleen of the garganey (Anas crecca L.)].

PMID- 6820828
TI  - [Chagas' disease in a patient with renal transplantation and immunosuppressive
      treatment].

PMID- 6820827
TI  - [A therapeutic trial of lithium carbonate in ambulatory alcoholic patients].

PMID- 6820826
TI  - [Clinical study of 8 cases of pericarditis in patients with neoplasms].

PMID- 6820830
TI  - [IgG, IgA and IgM dysproteinemia in viral hepatitis correlated with hepatitis B
      blood antigens as a function of liver parenchymal damage].

PMID- 6820831
TI  - [Blood serum lysozyme activity in healthy subjects as a function of season].

PMID- 6820832
TI  - [Karyometry of the arcuate nucleus in castrated rats].

PMID- 6820833
TI  - [Histological, histochemical ultrastructural study of the rat aorta at the early
      period of experimental atherosclerosis].

PMID- 6820835
TI  - [Effect of fluorine content of drinking water on urinary fluorine levels and the
      dental status of boys aged 13 to 15].

PMID- 6820834
TI  - [Complexes of protamine with polyvinylsulfonic acid].

PMID- 6820836
TI  - [Myometrial glycosaminoglycans and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) in EPH
      gestosis].

PMID- 6820837
TI  - [Various aspects of the regulation and role of fibrinolysis in the organism].

PMID- 6820838
TI  - [Age-dependent changes in the activity of the lacrimal gland of guinea pigs
      assessed karyometrically].

PMID- 6820840
TI  - [Dependence of the magnitude of the muscle strength of the hand flexors on the
      physical development of the child].

PMID- 6820839
TI  - [The search for synthetic polyaminoalcohols possessing antibacterial activity].

PMID- 6820841
TI  - [Effect of heparin and hydrocortisone on the activity of kidney erythropoietin
      inhibitor in experimental renal lesions].

PMID- 6820842
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity in patients with taeniasis of Taenia saginata etiology].

PMID- 6820843
TI  - [Carotenoid-protein complex in animals. I. Formation of astaxanthine as a
      carotenoid part of the carotenoid-protein complex in crustaceans].

PMID- 6820844
TI  - [Neomycin and biseptol in the therapy of various salmonelloses].

PMID- 6820845
TI  - [Behavior of the total cortisol levels and its diurnal rhythm in protracted
      peptic ulcer treated surgically].

PMID- 6820847
TI  - [Microbiological contamination of desserts prepared by the gastronomic
      establishments].

PMID- 6820846
TI  - [Biochemical studies of the blood serum and histochemical assay of the walls of
      the myometrial arterioles in EPH gestosis].

PMID- 6820848
TI  - [Aflatoxin content in animal feed and milk].

PMID- 6820849
TI  - [Detection and determination of the content of selected mycotoxins in grain].

PMID- 6820850
TI  - Treatment of bronchial asthma with disodium cromoglycate. Special indications.
AB  - Forty patients with various types of bronchial asthma were treated with disodium
      cromoglycate (DSCG) for various periods of time ranging from 30 days to 90
      months. The drug was inhaled through a spinhaler at 8-hour intervals. The
      symptoms of asthma, the respiratory function and the drug-induced reactions were
      checked during treatment. DSCG was salutary in about 80% of the patients with
      extrinsic asthma (even in those with pollen allergy diagnosed within the
      pollination period). The drug was also effective in patients with exercise
      induced asthma, asthma associated with pregnancy, asthma with
      adrenocorticosteroid psychosis. The patients with meal allergy (bakers and
      millers) treated with DSCG were able to keep their occupational activities. The
      drug may be used in the intrinsic asthma only in subjects with many positive skin
      tests and hypereosinophilia.

PMID- 6820851
TI  - Cell morphology, cell filaments and cell death during in vitro ageing:
      aphidicolin and serum deprivation effects on mouse diploid fibroblasts (a
      correlated scanning electron microscope and immunocytochemical study).
AB  - Terminal fibroblasts differ from early ones by slowing down in replicative
      activity, increase in cell area, changes in the cytoskeleton and changes in the
      way of dying. Replication was inhibited in early fibroblasts either with
      aphidicolin or by serum deprivation. Both treatments induce cell flattening and
      increase in cell surface. Aphidicolin has no effect on actin-microfilaments
      whereas serum deprivation induces the terminal pattern of filaments in many early
      cells. After both treatments, fibroblasts keep dying as early cells do. We
      conclude that there is no direct relation between changes in the organization of
      cell filaments and slowing down of replication (inducing cell flattening); we
      suggest that they depend on changes in the cell membrane structure appearing
      during in vitro terminal differentiation.

PMID- 6820852
TI  - Diagnostic significance of kappa/lambda and lambda/kappa ratio in
      paraproteinemias.

PMID- 6820853
TI  - [Indoor air pollution produced by man (carbon dioxide, odors)].
AB  - Man contributes to indoor air pollution by the release of heat, humidity, carbon
      dioxide, particles, micro-organisms and body odours. The rise in temperature and
      the concentrations of the different pollutants depend on the number of persons in
      a room, the utilization of the room and the activities of the persons. Current
      parameters for the evaluation of man-made pollution in indoor air are carbon
      monoxide and odours. Experiments have been carried out in a test chamber under
      controlled conditions in order to determine the relations between carbon monoxide
      and odours, since these are two current parameters for the evaluation of man-made
      pollution in indoor air. In these experiments the variables were the number of
      persons in the room, the activity of the persons and the ventilation rate. For
      the measurement of odours a special method has been developed in which the
      undiluted air is tested by a test panel and compared with air containing two
      different pyridine concentrations. A significant relationship has been observed
      between the odour intensity and the carbon dioxide content of the air, and the
      correlation did not depend on the number of persons and the ventilation rate. At
      ventilation rates of 12 to 15 m3 per person and hour the carbon dioxide
      concentration was below 0.15% and the odour intensity was characterized as being
      only little annoying. Higher ventilation rates are necessary during physical
      activity and in rooms with tobacco smoke. The minimum ventilation rates as
      deduced from the laboratory experiments are compared to known standards.

PMID- 6820854
TI  - [Occurrence of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides during the use
      of gas stoves].
AB  - The concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and
      nitrogen dioxide arising from gas burning have been measured under experimental
      and field conditions. In the test room propane, butane and town-gas have been
      burned, whereas in the apartments investigated only town-gas has been used. The
      most important influence on the concentration of the four substances arises from
      the changes in the burning conditions of the flame. Laboratory experiments have
      been carried out in the test room with open flames and with an aluminum block or
      a kettle on the flame. The following results have been obtained: (a) for CO the
      lowest concentration is obtained with open flames irrespective of the type of gas
      burned. Higher concentrations have been found with aluminum blocks, whereas the
      highest concentrations were associated with the use of kettles and pots, (b) the
      experimental conditions have only a small influence on the CO2 concentration, (c)
      NO concentrations are influenced by the gas type and by the experimental
      conditions. They are low with kettles but high with open flames, (d) NO2
      concentrations are less influenced by the experimental conditions than are NO
      concentrations. The results of more than 1000 paired determinations of NO2 in
      kitchen and other rooms are presented. The concentrations which have been
      measured using diffusion tubes according to Palmes which were exposed for 48 h,
      were highest in kitchens of dwellings fully equipped with gas devices (heating,
      cooking, warming water). The mean value of the concentrations was about 50
      micrograms/m3, whereas the mean for dwellings without any gas device has been
      found to be lower than 20 micrograms/m3.

PMID- 6820855
TI  - [The significance of air exchange for air quality in homes].
AB  - The air exchange is an important parameter for the quality of the air in living
      spaces. It should be guaranteed by appropriate construction measures, such as by
      the choice of air permeability of joints, that the air exchange rate in living
      spaces is high enough to reduce the concentration of pollutants emitted indoors.
      Based of the measurement of the air exchange rate in about 100 rooms, a minimum
      ventilation rate of 0.8 h-1 is proposed for living spaces. Since higher rates may
      cause an increase in energy consumption, this value should not be exceeded by
      much. Appropriate measures should be taken to limit emissions from building
      materials, furniture, cleaning and polishing products and the like. If suitable
      heat exchange devices were also used in the ventilation of homes, better
      solutions than those presently existing may be found.

PMID- 6820856
TI  - Medicalization of social phenomena.

PMID- 6820857
TI  - [Antigen-related to factor VIII in cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 6820858
TI  - Surface properties of the euglenoid flagellum.
AB  - New structural details of the Euglena flagellum have led to a modified
      interpretation of the arrangement of the mastigoneme sheath and its internal
      attachment. A paraaxial ribbon is described which is located between the
      flagellar membrane and the axonemal microtubules. This fine ribbon apparently
      binds mastigoneme units and in turn is bonded to three peripheral microtubule
      doublets in a position approximately opposite that of the paraflagellar rod. The
      latter structure seems to anchor one half of the flagellar sheath while the
      paraaxial ribbon anchors the other one half of the flagellar sheath.
      Immunological labelling of Euglena mastigonemes has demonstrated that
      mastigonemes are present in the reservoir as well as on the flagellar surface if
      monovalent Fab' is used on deflagellated cells. Pulse labelling with anti
      mastigoneme Fab' in regenerating cells showed the initial reservoir label was
      lost and indicated that the labelled mastigonemes were transferred to the
      flagellum. The reservoir is thus demonstrated to contain a surface pool for
      flagellar mastigonemes. Flagellar regeneration is partially inhibited
      irreversibly by the glycoprotein synthesis inhibitor tunicamycin. Experiments
      with cycloheximide and tunicamycin suggest each antibiotic affects different
      moieties and that some glycoprotein(s) is limiting to flagellar growth in
      Euglena. It is postulated that mastigonemes are possible candidates for that rate
      limiting component.

PMID- 6820859
TI  - Immune precipitation phenomena observed between serum samples from healthy
      subjects.

PMID- 6820860
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of iliac crest biopsies in spondyloepiphyseal skeletal
      dysplasias. Light and electron microscopy findings in the iliac crest].

PMID- 6820861
TI  - [Hydrops fetalis. Questions of pre- and postnatal diagnosis and pathogenesis].

PMID- 6820863
TI  - [Morphology of Fabry's disease - 2 unusual cases].

PMID- 6820862
TI  - [Familial occurrence of cyclops over several generations].

PMID- 6820864
TI  - [Correlation between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis].

PMID- 6820865
TI  - [The liver and artificial nutrition].

PMID- 6820866
TI  - [Incomplete picture of protein disorders in IgD multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6820867
TI  - [Activity of the factor VIII complex in anemia].

PMID- 6820868
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase activity in the membrane and contents of the ovarian follicles
      and oviduct mucosa of hens.
AB  - Observations were conducted on the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the membrane
      and contents of the ovarian follicles at the time of their growth. A rise was
      observed in the activity of the enzyme in the membrane of the follicles
      parallelling their diameter increase, with a simultaneous decrease of this
      activity in the contents of the follicles. An increase in carbonic anhydrase
      activity was observed also in the mucosa of the shell gland at the time of egg
      shell formation in it as compared with the activity of the enzyme in the mucosa
      of the remaining parts of the oviduct: infundibulum, magnum and isthmus. These
      observations indicate the carbonic anhydrase activity in the mucosa of the shell
      gland is closely related to the process of egg formation and is highest at the
      time of egg shell formation.

PMID- 6820870
TI  - Study of the innervation of the cornea after different physical noxious effects.
      I. Analysis of the problems and methods.

PMID- 6820869
TI  - Study of the innervation of the cornea after different physical noxious effects.
      II. Effects of ionizing radiation.

PMID- 6820871
TI  - Ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide and hypoxia during acupuncture anesthesia
      in rabbits.
AB  - Ventilatory responses to CO2 or hypoxia were examined in rabbits during
      acupuncture anesthesia and compared with responses during pentobarbital
      anesthesia. The responses during pentobarbital anesthesia were significantly less
      than those during acupuncture anesthesia. The results showed that acupuncture
      analgesia was effective during performance of these experiments.

PMID- 6820873
TI  - [Zinc deficiency syndrome in prolonged total parenteral nutrition. 3 cases].

PMID- 6820872
TI  - [Comparative study of the postoperative use of 2 amino acid solutions. Nitrogen
      balance variations according to sex. Study of 37 patients].

PMID- 6820874
TI  - [External biliary drainage via endoscopy].

PMID- 6820875
TI  - [MQF-OK therapy in advanced terminal stomach cancer--with special reference to a
      comparison with MFC therapy].
AB  - Sakata, et al. has already reported that the combination therapy of mitomycin-C,
      carboquone, 5-fluorouracil and OK-432 (MQF-OK therapy) which had established from
      animal experiments, was exceedingly effective for inoperable human gastric
      cancer. In this paper, the effectiveness of MQF-OK therapy for inoperable gastric
      cancer was compared with that of MFC therapy. To perform this controlled study, a
      "large area" co-operative study group of cancer chemotherapy, composed of 14
      institutions in Aomori and a part of Akita prefectures, was organized. From April
      1977 to April 1980, patients were registered and 61 cases were evaluable; 31 out
      of 61 were treated with MQF-OK therapy (MQF-OK group) and the others with MFC
      group. The background of the cases, such as sex, age etc, was not different
      significantly between two groups statistically. According to the response
      criteria of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, 18 cases out of 31 cases of MQF-OK
      group and 9 of 30 cases of MFC group showed "improvement." According to
      Karnofsky's criteria 17 cases of MQF-OK group and 8 of MFC group showed
      effectiveness more than I-A, respectively. There was a statistical significance
      between the two groups (P less than 0.001). By Kaplan-Meier's method, the MQF-OK
      group survived longer than the MFC group (P = 0.05). The complications, such as
      leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia or gastrointestinal complaints, were more
      frequently found in MQF-OK-432 group than in MFC group (P less than 0.05). But
      these complications decreased or resolved spontaneously 1 to 4 weeks after the
      administration of MQF-OK therapy. On these results, MQF-OK therapy was considered
      excellent method for treatment of inoperable gastric cancer and will be
      furthermore attempted against other cancers.

PMID- 6820876
TI  - [Effects of administration of an antineoplastic agent into the bronchial artery].
AB  - Morphological observation was performed to see the effect of bronchial arterial
      infusion therapy (BAI) of mitomycin C (MMC) and also of the ischemia to the
      transplanted bronchial carcinoma. Single shot of 2mg/kg of MMC showed destructive
      changes on the tumor. Single shot of 3mg/kg and repeated administration of MMC
      brought relatively severe intra-arterial inflammatory changes such as intimal
      edema, thickening and proliferation which suggested ischemic effect on the tumor
      due to poor perfusion from stenosis or obstruction of the vessels. On the other
      hand a simple ligation of the artery also brought about more than moderate
      destructive changes in the tumor. Therefore, mechanisms of the effect of the BAI
      of MMC to the lung tumor might involve the secondary effect from ischemia in
      addition to the effect of MMC itself.

PMID- 6820877
TI  - [Case of malignant melanoma of the external genitalia responding satisfactorily
      to a combination of local injection of OK-432 and chemotherapy].
AB  - A 59-year-old woman with recurrent malignant melanoma of the vulva has well
      responded to a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. As an
      immunotherapy, 10KE OK-432 were injected into the tumor twice a week.
      Chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of intravenous push of 1 mg vincristine on day
      1,100 mg dacarbazine from day 1 through 5 and 50 mg nitrosourea (ACNU) on day 5.
      This treatment was repeated with 4 week intervals. Before treatment, the patient
      had a 3 X 3 X 5 cm subcutaneous mass on the left vaginal wall near the introitus.
      Fifty percent objective reduction of the tumor was achieved 6 weeks after
      commencement of intralegional immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and the tumor
      almost disappeared 8 months later. At this time, the treatment was changed to a
      supportive immunotherapy with intramuscular injection of 1KE OK-432 twice a week.
      But the tumor began to enlarge 2 months later and the patient is now being
      treated with the same combination therapy. Major side effects were febrile
      episodes on the day of intratumor injection of OK-432 and nausea, vomiting during
      the interval of chemotherapy. Anemia was the main hematologic side effect, but
      leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were not severe. The combination of
      intratumor injection of OK-432 and chemotherapy seems to be effective for the
      treatment of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6820878
TI  - [Clinical trial of UFT in recurrent or advanced cancer].
AB  - UFT, antitumor agent containing uracil and futraful (FT-207), was given orally to
      14 patients with recurrent or advanced carcinomas (6 gastric, 5 colorectal and 3
      other carcinomas) and the clinical effects were evaluated. One PR (partial
      response) 1 NC (no change) and 9 PD(progressive disease) were obtained among 11
      evaluable patients. Response rate was 9.1% (1/11), and overall response rate was
      14.3% (2/14). According to Karnofsky's criteria, 2 responders (better than I-A)
      were obtained and response rate was 15.4% (2/13).

PMID- 6820879
TI  - [Transport of FT-207 to the blood, pancreatic juice, bile, and pancreatic tissue
      following rectal administration].
AB  - For the purpose of examining the transfer of antitumor drug into the blood,
      pancreatic juice, bile and pancreatic tissue, Futraful suppository (FT-sup) 1500
      mg were given to 10 patients with pancreatic or bile duct malignancies, measuring
      Futraful and 5-FU concentrations in the pancreatic juice, bile and pancreatic
      tissue with lapse of time. Futraful and 5-FU concentrations of the pancreatic
      juice and bile reached to the maximum 4 hours after administration. The peaks of
      Futraful and 5-FU concentrations in the pancreatic juice and bile about 2 hours
      after the maximum values in the blood. 5-FU concentration in the pancreatic
      tissue was higher than that in the blood in every case. Transfer rate of Futraful
      to the pancreatic tissue was higher especially in the cases with higher
      pancreatic parenchymal ratio.

PMID- 6820880
TI  - [Pre-operative chemotherapy of stomach cancer combined with local administration
      of OK-432--evaluation of macroscopic results].
AB  - We have developed OMF treatment which is consisting of endoscopical injection of
      OK-432 into the perilesional area of cancer, intraarterial or intravenous
      injection of mitomycin C by one shot and oral administration of 5-FU, and applied
      it to the patients with preoperative gastric cancer to whom remarkable
      macroscopic effects were obtained. We determined its efficacy by establishing a
      response criteria. Although there were no excellent results, the clinical results
      were rated as good in 5 lesions (50%) and as fair in 5 lesions (50%) out of 10
      lesions in 9 cases. In none of the cases, the treatment was ineffective.

PMID- 6820881
TI  - [Cytological studies of esophageal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma receiving
      radiation and chemotherapy].
AB  - The cytology of the endoscopic biopsy materials from 85 cases of esophageal
      cancer were analyzed for effects of the combined radiotherapy with Bleomycin.
      Cancer cells were remarkably decreased in number after the combination therapy.
      Unaffected cancer cells declined to negligible levels in 64 of 79 esophageal
      cancer cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad. Out of 42 gastric cancer cases
      treated with only anticancer drugs, 37 cases exhibited hardly cytologic changes
      in the smears of biopsied materials. About the remnant 5 cases, cancer cells
      showed partially cytoplasmic swelling, nuclear enlargement and nuclear abnormal
      stain. The smears of the biopsy and resected specimens from 64 gastric cancer
      cases with radiation and chemotherapy were cytologically discussed. The
      combination therapy increased the amount of both necrotic materials and
      neutrophils in the smears. The cytoplasms of treated cancer cells were swollen,
      vacuolated and stained abnormally. The nuclei of cancer cells became enlarged,
      multiple, piknotic and/or stained pale. Nuclear swelling was more prominent in
      cancer cells of differentiated adenocarcinomas. Cancer cells were decreased in
      number almost in inverse proportion to irradiation dose. Unaffected cancer cells
      were disappeared in 13 of 24 cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad, in 7 of 35
      cases irradiated in the range 3,000 to 6,000 rad, in none of 5 cases irradiated
      less than 3,000 rad.

PMID- 6820882
TI  - [Effect of immunochemotherapy on the cases of advanced gastric cancer stage III].
AB  - This study was conducted in patients with stage III gastric cancer who were
      admitted and gastrectomized in our Department of Surgery during July 1971 to
      March 1980. The control group consisted of 32 patients who were treated with
      mitomycin C and FT -207 during the first half of the period and the levamisole
      (LMS) group of 32 patients who were treated with the same regimen plus LMS during
      the latter half of the period. No significant statistical difference in their
      back ground factors was found. The LMS group was treated with 150 mg/day of LMS
      for 3 consecutive days every other week starting 3 days before operation. The
      follow-up study up to 30 postoperative months indicated an enhancing effect of
      LMS on the survival rate in patients with gastric cancer stage III undergoing
      curative resection. LMS proved to be effective on inhibition of the tumor growth
      when the tumor sizes ranged 4.0 to 7.9 cm, and the metastases were limited within
      the regional lymph node.

PMID- 6820883
TI  - [Antitumor effects of polyamine synthesis inhibitors based on major premise of
      treatment for human malignant tumor].
AB  - The polyamine synthesis inhibitors--alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and
      methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG)--were put to antitumor tests based on
      the premise of treatment for human gastrointestinal cancer. The both drugs were
      administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c nude mice xenoplanted human gastric
      cancer for 10 consecutive days. Both marked antitumor effects and side effects
      were observed in mice treated at the dosage of DFMO 500 mg/kg/day and/or MGBG 50
      mg/kg/day and/or MGBG 30 mg/kg/day brought about significant antitumor effects as
      well as less side effects. Microscopic observation revealed antitumor actions of
      these drugs as cytostatic rather than cytocidal. Tumor regrowth after the
      termination of this combined treatment, however, was noticed. Judging from these
      data, the both drugs may be effective against human gastrointestinal cancer with
      minor side effects.

PMID- 6820884
TI  - [Preoperative OMF therapy for gastric cancer--examination of macroscopical effect
      in comparison with histological effect].
AB  - OMF treatment consisting of perifocal administration of OK-432 associated with
      treatment with MMC and 5-FU was applied for 14 lesions of 13 cases including 1
      case of multiple cancer. The results obtained were examined macroscopically and
      histologically. Macroscopic findings were rated as "good" in 5 lesions (35.8%),
      "fair" in 8 lesions (57.1%) and "poor" in 1 case. There was no significant
      difference according to a histologic type. Histologic efficacy was assessed as
      "++" for 6 lesions (43%), "+" for 6 lesions (43%) and "-" for 2 lesions (14%),
      suggesting a tendency that higher histologic efficacy be obtained for lesions
      with a lower degree of differentiation. Taking "+" or higher histologically as
      "effective", the efficacy rate was approximately 86%. When the macroscopic
      results were compared with histologic results based on a criteria for assessment
      established by our group, it was found that the macroscopic efficacy tended to be
      associated with the histologic efficacy with a consistency rate of approximately
      71%.

PMID- 6820886
TI  - [Treatment of unresectable liver cancer with intrahepatic arterial infusion
      chemotherapy].
AB  - Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed in 50 patients with cancer of
      the liver including 12 primary hepatoma and 38 metastatic cancers, at Kurashiki
      Central Hospital from December 1977 through December 1981. B.D. Fomocath 5 French
      catheter was inserted through the lateral femoral circumflex artery and advanced
      retrogradely to the common hepatic or proper hepatic artery using a loop catheter
      technique and the catheter was connected to the tube of infusion pump. The dose
      of 5-Fluorouracil and Mitomycin C was 250 mg per day and 4-10 mg once a week,
      respectively. The patients had average survival of 8.2 months in hepatoma and 4.8
      months in metastatic tumor. The results were unfortunately not encouraging but
      this regimen occasionally provides excellent results and has no contraindication.

PMID- 6820885
TI  - [Two cases of carcinoid tumor of the stomach which responded to oral
      administration of UFT].
AB  - UFT was given to two patients with carcinoid tumor of the stomach and the effect
      of the drug was evaluated. The first patient was a 67-year-old female. She was
      admitted because of upper abdominal tumor. Exploratory laparotomy revealed
      gastric tumor and additional huge tumor with liver metastasis and peritoneal
      dissemination. Histology of biopsy specimens from gastric tumor and metastatic
      lesions was a composite type, of carcinoid tumor. Postoperatively UFT (600
      mg/day) was given to the patient. During three months of the treatment the size
      of the large tumor reduced from 10 X 10 cm to 4 X 4cm. The second patient was a
      55-year-old male. He was admitted because of severe diarrhea. Biopsy from gastric
      lesion and metastatic skin lesions revealed carcinoid tumor. After administration
      of UFT and Mitomycin C, metastatic skin lesions became smaller and some of the
      lesions disappeared. Two cases suggest a possibility that UFT may be effective
      for carcinoid tumor of the stomach.

PMID- 6820888
TI  - [Antitumor effect of OK-432 (1)--antitumor effect of OK-432 induced interferon
      gamma (IFN gamma)].
AB  - Recent findings that OK-432 induces IFN gamma both in vivo and in vitro prompted
      us to examine the host-mediated antitumor effects of OK-432 previously observed,
      such as activation of cytotoxic macrophages and augmentation of NK cell activity,
      through the action of induced IFN. By using partially purified IFN gamma produced
      in vitro with mouse spleen cells in the presence of OK-432, antitumor effects
      were examined against Meth-A cells both in vivo and in vitro. Repeated
      intratumoral injections of IFN gamma (300 U/mouse) resulted in 75% inhibition of
      tumor growth. In vitro studies also showed that 50 U/ml was enough to inhibit the
      growth of Meth-A cells. Augmentation of NK cell activity was found both in vivo
      by a single i.p. injection of 200 U/mouse, and in vitro, with as low a
      concentration as 5 U/ml. When macrophages obtained from mice after i.p. injection
      of thioglycolate medium were treated in vitro with OK-432 induced IFN gamma, 20
      U/ml was shown to activate the cytotoxic effect of M phi on Meth-A cells. All of
      the experiments were conducted with a positive control of purified mouse IFN
      alpha/beta. With antitumor and cell activating effects compared in units, OK-432
      induced IFN gamma was almost 10 times or more as active as IFN alpha/beta.

PMID- 6820887
TI  - [Multihospital randomized study on the adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin-C and
      Futraful for gastric cancer V. Estimation of 5-year survival rate].
AB  - The addition of Futraful to MMC therapy of gastric carcinoma was evaluated.
      Nationwide 297 institutions participated in a randomized controlled study and
      cumulative five-year survival rate was calculated. A total of 1,673 cases was
      studied. These were divided in two groups: Group A, without Futraful, and Group
      B, with Futraful. Futraful was administered postoperatively for 3 months. The MMC
      treatment was done by moderate intermittent administration (Method I) or by large
      dose administration (Method II). Futraful improved survival rates regardless of
      the method of MMC treatment. Especially, Group B' (more than 60 g of Futraful)
      showed significantly better results in patients with metastases and positive
      serosal invasion in both methods, and beta type infiltration in Method I.
      Furthermore the Group B' patients had higher survival than Group A patients in
      Method II for patients in stage III and gamma type infiltration. Method II, a
      large dose MMC, plus Futraful was suggestive of particular effectiveness in
      preventing peritoneal metastases in curatively resected cases.

PMID- 6820889
TI  - [Experimental study on local immunochemotherapy].
AB  - The purposes of this work were twofold: firstly to determine whether intratumor
      chemoimmunotherapy was more effective than either treatment alone or systemic
      therapy and; secondly to study how the intratumor therapy affected on the
      development of the tumor-specific immunity. Inbred male C3H/He mice and mouse
      ascited hepatoma 134 (MH 134) of C3H origin were used as host-tumor system.
      Mitomycin C was used as the chemotherapeutic agent and BCG as the
      immunopotentiating agent. Intratumor treatment of MMC + BCG led to complete cure
      in 85 percent of the mice. The lymph node metastases were markedly inhibited in
      the group treated with MMC + BCG compared to the groups treated with MMC alone or
      BCG alone. The growth of rechallenged tumor was investigated; 79% of mice treated
      with MMC + BCG were immune to rechallenge, whereas 57% of mice treated with BCG
      alone. The number of PFC and DTH against SRBC of the mice treated with MMC
      intraperitoneally significantly decreased compared to that treated with MMC
      intratumorally.

PMID- 6820890
TI  - [Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach
      cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-tegafur combination therapy with or
      without levamisole. 1].
AB  - The effects of levamisole used in combination with Mitomycin C and Tegafur in
      patients with resectable stomach cancer were investigated in 10 cooperative
      institutes. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment with either
      control or levamisole by envelope method. Levamisole group was treated with
      Mitomycin C (day 0, 20 mg, day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.), Tegafur (600 mg/day,
      p.o.) and levamisole (150 mg/day, p.o.). Levamisole was administered 3
      consecutive days prior to surgery, and 3 consecutive days every fortnight after
      surgery. The control group was administered Mitomycin C and Tegafur. The both
      drugs were administered by the same method as above. Two hundred and twenty-two
      patients were entered in this trial. However, with the exclusion of 67 patients,
      the eligible patients were 155, consisting of 77 in the control group and 78 in
      the levamisole group. In stage III patients, the disease-free interval and
      survival time were significantly prolonged in the levamisole group compared to
      the control group (generalized Wilcoxon test p less than 0.05). The side effects
      were observed a little more frequently in the levamisole group. However, there
      was no significant difference. From this result, it can be considered that
      levamisole is effective in delaying recurrence and in prolonging survival time of
      the patients when used in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy after resection
      of stomach cancer.

PMID- 6820892
TI  - [Clinical study of preoperative chemotherapy of primary breast cancer. 1.
      Efficacy of a combined use of CPA (endoxan) and FT-207 (or 5-FU dry syrup)].
AB  - In twenty-nine cases of primary breast cancer preoperative treatment using CPA
      and FT-207 (or 5-FUDS) was performed to determine their efficacy. Daily dose of
      each anticancer drugs was as follows: CPA 50-200 mg, FT-207 200-600 mg, 5-FUDS
      200 mg, p.o.. The total doses were CPA 1.8 g, FT-207 5.0g, 5-FUDS 3.4 g in
      average. In 11 cases (37.9%) reduction in tumor size was obtained. According to
      Ohboshi's criteria, over Grade II a effect was seen in 5 cases (17.2%), while
      Grade III effect was not seen in any of the cases. Effective cases were more
      frequently observed among those which received CPA at 25 mg/kg or more, or FT-207
      (5-FUDS) at 80 mg/kg or more. Main side effects were G. I tract symptoms such as
      anorexia and nausea. To obtain definitive conclusion on the clinical significance
      of use of CPA and FT-207 (5-FUDS) as preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer,
      further studies are required.

PMID- 6820891
TI  - [Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach
      cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-5-FU combination therapy with or
      without levamisole. 1].
AB  - A randomized controlled study by envelope method was carried out with the purpose
      of evaluating effects and side effects of levamisole in patients with resectable
      stomach cancer. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment either with
      control or levamisole according to the indication of the envelope opened at least
      3 days prior to surgery. The control group was treated with Mitomycin C (day 0,
      20 mg day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.) and 5-FU(150 mg/day, p.o.). The levamisole
      group was treated with Mitomycin C, 5-FU and levamisole. Levamisole was
      administered at a daily dose of 150 mg for 3 consecutive days before surgery, and
      the 3 consecutive days administration schedule was repeated every fortnight for
      one year after surgery. Four hundred and forty-six patients were entered in this
      trial. However, with the exclusion of 104 patients as exceptions and dropouts,
      the total eligible patients were 342, consisting of 167 in the control group and
      175 in the levamisole group. The effects were evaluated by comparing the disease
      free interval or the survival time of both groups. There was no significant
      difference in the disease-free interval and survival. In this study, we have not
      yet reached the conclusion that levamisole is effective in prolonging disease
      free interval and survival time, because high survival rates are still maintained
      in both groups for 2 years after surgery. The final conclusion would be drawn
      with the follow-up results in the future.

PMID- 6820894
TI  - [Radiotherapy combined with tegafur for inoperable advanced gastric cancer].
AB  - A total of 58 cases with inoperable advanced gastric carcinomas were treated by
      radiotherapy combined with tegafur, and the result was analyzed mainly from the
      aspects of life expectancies and some prognostic factors. Median survival time of
      all cases was 8.9 months. Actuarial survival rates at one, two, three, four and
      five years were 45%, 22%, 14%, 14% and 11% respectively. Cancer type, histologic
      type, tumor size and radiation effect on the primary lesion were chosen as the
      prognostic factors, and examined using median survival time as a parameter.
      Borrmann IV type cancer showed an unequivocally poor prognosis, whereas no
      significant prognostic differences were seen among other types. Poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma gave a poor prognosis. Radiation effect on the
      primary lesion seemed to have a positive correlation with prognosis, while life
      expectancies became shorter with the increase of tumor size. It seems, from the
      present study, that this combination therapy contributes a great deal to life
      prolongation of patients with inoperable advanced gastric carcinomas.

PMID- 6820896
TI  - [Periodic prophylactic bladder instillation (PPI) of mitomycin C].
AB  - The effect of preoperative bladder instillation (POI) and periodic prophylactic
      bladder instillation (PPI) of anticancerous drugs was evaluated in connection
      with the prevention of recurrent bladder tumors after surgery. A total of 191
      patients with pTa or pT1 tumors including patients submitted to TURbt and partial
      cystectomy from January, 1967, to December, 1980, was chosen for the study. They
      were divided into the following 4 groups: Group A (49 cases) was treated with PPI
      and POI, Group B (11 cases) with PPI but not POI, Group C (46 cases) with POI but
      not PPI and Group D (85 cases) with neither PPI nor POI. POI was performed three
      times a week for a total of 20 applications of anticancerous drugs from two
      months before surgery. PPI was performed twice a month from one month after TURbt
      or parital cystectomy with a combination of 20mg of Mitomycin C and 1,000mg of 5
      FU. The non-recurrence rate in these 4 groups was estimated by the actuarial
      method. The 3 year non-recurrence rates in Groups A,B,C and D were 95.4%, 90.9%,
      44.0%, and 45.6%, respectively. The 5 year non-recurrence rates in Groups A,B,C
      and D were 82.4%, 81.0%, 32.0% and 35.1%, respectively. It is presumed from our
      study that PPI was effective in preventing the recurrence of bladder tumors. In
      comparison, POI showed a very limited effect and only in the first two years
      after surgery. No carcinogenic action on the bladder epithelium was observed from
      the topical use of Mitomycin C.

PMID- 6820895
TI  - [Indication and effect of intra-arterial injection of mitomycin microcapsules in
      the treatment of kidney cancer].
AB  - Though a variety of treatments have been employed as an adjuvant for renal cell
      carcinoma, none of them has proved to be significantly effective, suggesting the
      difficulty in the treatment of this disease. The transcatheter arterial
      chemoembolization utilizing mitomycin C microcapsules developed by us was applied
      to renal cell carcinoma with an attempt at enhancing the chemotherapy and
      embolization. The early results indicate that this mode of treatment facilitates
      radical nephrectomy due to its marked antineoplastic effects and provides a
      favourable prognosis in locally advanced renal cancer. The experimental and
      clinical profiles of intra-arterial microcapsules were presented.

PMID- 6820897
TI  - [Bladder cancer: chemotherapy of advanced bladder cancer].
AB  - Chemotherapy of advanced bladder cancer aims to destroy all the cancer cells in
      the host. For this purpose the most suitable and effective anticancer agents
      should be chosen. There have been many methods to select the anti-cancer drugs:
      sensitivity test. However, no reliable tests are available. We developed new anti
      cancer sensitivity test, using the radio-active nucleic acids precursors; C14
      Formate and C14-Adenine. This test revealed that Cisplatin, Adriamycin, and
      Mitomycin C were the most potent for the transitional cell carcinoma of the
      urinary bladder. Chemotherapy with a single agent was disappointing. Combined use
      of these agents was rather promising. Among them combination of cis-platin with
      Adriamycin and/or cyclophosphamide was the most effective. However, the overall
      response rate was reported around 50%. Multi-disciplinary treatment including
      surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy was disclosed to be useful
      for the treatment of bladder cancer. Since 1977 25 cases were treated with this
      mode of therapy in our clinic. Anti-tumor effect was remarkable. The categories,
      disappeared, and over 50% decrease of the mass, were found in 96% of the
      patients. Also, down-staging was demonstrated in 20% of the cases. Histologically
      no cancer cells were found in the surgical specimens of 3 cases and no viable
      cancer cells in 3 cases respectively. From these results it is now assumed that
      multi-disciplinary treatment is promising for the treatment of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6820893
TI  - [Effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) on bladder cancer on rats
      induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)].
AB  - The effect of CDDP was studied on rat bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN). A total of 140 rats was divided into 7 groups
      and 0.05% BBN in drinking water was given for 8 weeks. Half doses of LD50 of
      CDDP, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide were injected to rats at the 16th or 20th
      experimental week. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 24 weeks and bladders
      were removed. Each of the groups receiving anticancer drugs had significant
      reduction in mean tumor number per rat compared to the control group (p less than
      0.05). CDDP was the most effective in reducing tumor size when it was
      administered at the 16th week (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 6820898
TI  - [Effect of FT-207 on bladder cancer in rats induced by BBN. II: The effect of
      oral administration of FT-207 during oncogenesis of bladder cancer].
AB  - The effect of Tegafur (FT-207) by oral administration on the development of
      urinary bladder tumors in Wistar strain male rats induced by N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) was studied. Urinary bladder tumors were induced
      in 18 of 20 rats (90.0%) when rats were given 0.05% BBN in the drinking water for
      8 weeks and then given water without BBN for 12 weeks. When FT-207 100mg/kg B.
      W./day was given in their diet after treatment with 0.05% BBN for 8 weeks, tumors
      developed in the urinary bladder with low incidence (9 of 16 rats: 56.3%).
      Hematotoxicity was not observed in all animals treated with FT-207. These results
      shows that FT-207 also inhibited the development of urinary bladder tumors
      treated with BBN in rats by oral administration, which were similar those our
      previous results showed by intraperitoneal administration of FT-207.

PMID- 6820899
TI  - [Evaluation of pre-operative chemotherapy using FT-207 suppositories combined
      with glutathione--with special reference to histopathological antitumor effect].
AB  - Thirty patients with gastric cancer were clinically studied by rectal
      administration of FT-207 suppository at a dose of 1500mg per day as a
      preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Eighteen of thirty patients were divided into
      two groups, 13 patients of which were only administrated with tegafur (FT-207)
      suppository (Group A) and 5 patients were administrated with glutathione (GSH) at
      a dose of 1200mg daily with FT-207 suppository (Group B): The tissue
      concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in normal and cancer tissues was measured
      following the resection of the stomach. In addition, we studied anticancer effect
      of FT-207 suppository on the basis of our original pathological criteria.
      Experimental results revealed that 5-FU concentration in serum was reached to
      maximum at 3 to 4 hours following administration in both groups. The serum
      concentration in most cases of the former group was decreased to the lower level
      of the effective concentration for 8 hours, however the latter could be kept the
      effective concentration for more than 10 hours. The correlation between the
      tissue concentration and total dose was analyzed. 5-FU concentration, which was
      active substance of FT-207, in cancer tissue was higher than in normal one,
      especially in Borrmann II type cancer, but the difference of concentration was
      not found between group A and B. The correlation between total dose and
      anticancer effect was also analyzed. Histopathological effect in group A showed a
      mild change, such as necrosis of cancer nest. On the other hand, group B revealed
      a markedly effective change like scarring formation. As the result,
      administration of FT-207 suppository with GSH was clinically and
      histopathologically effective procedure as preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 6820900
TI  - [Physiological effects and antitumor efficiency of ACNU in postoperative patients
      with stomach cancer--an evaluation of the treatment combined with FT-207 or 5-FU
      dry syrup].
AB  - In 26 patients with cancer of the stomach, bone marrow function, cell mediated
      immunity and plasma CEA level were examined after administration of ACN-U. ACNU
      was given intravenously and intermittently with 5-FU given orally daily. Results
      1) Delayed myelosuppression was observed in every cases and reached to the nadir
      in 2-7 weeks after ACNU administration. 2) Bone marrow suppression and recovery
      therefrom were observed earlier in platelet counts than in RBC and WBC counts. 3)
      Suppression of cell mediated immunity was not observed later than 4 weeks after
      ACNU administration. 4) Plasma CEA level decreased or stopped to increase after
      ACNU administration in 5 out of 8 patients having a high CEA level before
      treatment. 5) Regression of tumor size was observed in 4 out of 5 patients in
      whom a tumor was palpable. Conclusion ACNU has a strong antitumor activity and
      may be more effective if combined with antimetabolite agent, such as 5FU. Total
      dosage of ACNU given safely in one series was considered to be 150-200mg. Next
      series of ACNU administration should be started after restoration of platelet
      counts more than 100,000/mm3 was obtained.

PMID- 6820901
TI  - [Clinical effect of UFT on bladder cancer].
AB  - UFT (a mixture of futraful and uracil) was administered orally to 15 cases of
      recurrent and superficial bladder cancer principally for more than 4 weeks at the
      doses of 300 or 600 mg per day. The result was evaluated by Koyama-Saito's
      response criteria. Of 14 evaluable cases, complete remission was noted in 5. Two
      cases of advanced bladder cancer were treated with UFT combined with irradiation
      therapy, and one case was found that cancer cells degenerated severely in the
      primary lesion pathologically. Another case was recognized that lung metastasis
      disappeared completely. As the side effects, anorexia occurred in 2 cases with
      600 mg per day and 1 case with 300 mg, but it was not so severe to terminate UFT
      therapy. From above-mentioned results, UFT seems to be a useful drug for the
      treatment of bladder cancers.

PMID- 6820903
TI  - [Arterial infusion of microencapsulated mitomycin C for the treatment of locally
      recurrent carcinoma of the pelvic cavity].
AB  - Ethylcellulose microcapsules of mitomycin C (MMC) were prepared. The potential
      therapeutic effects of intra-arterial infusion of the microencapsulated anti
      cancer drugs were considered to be a function of microembolization and prolonged
      the drug action, that is, chemoembolization. A total of 19 patients with locally
      recurrent carcinoma of the pelvic cavity was subjected to transcatheter arterial
      chemoembolization with microencapsulated MMC. These included 7 bladder
      carcinomas, 7 prostatic carcinomas, 2 ureter carcinomas, 1 rectal carcinomas, 1
      ovarian carcinoma and 1 cervical carcinoma. Thirteen patients had several distant
      or lymph node metastases. The single dose of MMC ranged from 10 to 40 mg and the
      total dose in each patient varied from 10 to 90 mg (mean 35 mg). The therapeutic
      response was evaluated by Karnofsky's criteria in terms of subjective and
      objective changes. Of 18 patients, 11 patients were assessed to category of I-A,
      B or C and 9 patients were survived over one years. Hematological toxicity
      occurred in 4 (22%) of 18 patients, but no treatment was needed for 3 of 4
      patients. Local pain and high fever lasted more than one week were experienced in
      one patient. Skin necrosis lasting for a few months occurred in 10 (56%) of 18
      patients. Surgical ligation of the gluteal arteries considerably prevented this
      painful condition. In conclusion, our clinical experiences indicate that
      chemoembolization is effective as a preoperative and palliative measure in the
      treatment of locally recurrent carcinoma of the pelvis and also helpful to
      control intractable symptoms such as hemorrhage or pain in patients with several
      metastases.

PMID- 6820902
TI  - [Effect of mitomycin C on human gastric and colon carcinomas serially
      transplanted to nude mice--with special reference to the start of drug
      administration].
AB  - Three human gastric carcinomas and one colon carcinoma serially transplanted to
      nude mice were used for experimental chemotherapy of mitomycin C (MMC) with
      special reference to the start of drug administration. BALB/c nu/nu male
      originated from the Central Institute for Experimental Animals were used. All the
      experiments were carried out under the specific pathogen-free conditions using
      laminar air flow racks. Tumors used for experiments were St-4; poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma of stomach, St-15; mucinous adenocarcinoma of
      stomach, KS-1; poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon. MMC at the doses of
      2 or 3 mg/kg were administered intraperiatoneally once a week for 3 or 4 times
      starting from 24 hours (DAY-1 Adm.) or 2 weeks (DAY-14 Adm.) after tumor
      inoculation. Response to chemotherapy was evaluated on the basis of growth
      curves, tumor weights, and histopathological changes. Whereas St-15, a sensitive
      strain to MMC, was suppressed by DAY-1 and DAY-14 administration. Similarly, DAY
      1 administration revealed more excellent effect on the other three tumors than
      DAY-14 administration. These results indicated that MMC was more effective when
      the tumor mass was smaller, and also suggested that the adjuvant chemotherapy of
      surgical operation should be started as soon as possible after tumor resection or
      reduction. In the case of DAY-1 treatment, the false positive result by anti
      vascularization effect of MMC could not be excluded, it seems to be adequate that
      drug administration should be started after the initiation of logarithmic growth
      phase of the tumors.

PMID- 6820905
TI  - [Clinical experiences with UFD-1].
AB  - FD-1, 1,3-bis(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil, is an anticancer agent newly
      developed in Japan and is a kind of marked compound of 5-fluorouracil. FD-1
      changes to 3-FT and tegafur and is then converted to 5-fluorouracil. From our
      clinical observations, FD-1 showed excellent clinical effects in a daily dose of
      600 mg. However, in some instances toxicities of central nervous system were
      developed. On the other hand, there is evidence that uracil enhances antitumor
      activity of FD-1 in the treatment of sarcoma 180 bearing mice and AH130 bearing
      rats. On oral administration of FD-1 plus uracil in various combination ratios,
      the high T/B value (ratio of the concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the tumor and
      blood) is obtained at a ratio of uracil to tegafur of 20 to 50. Fifteen cases
      with advanced cancer were treated with UFD-1 (mixture of FD-1 and uracil under
      molar ratio of 1: 20) in a daily dose of 300 mg of FD-1. However, no tumor
      regression was observed in any of our cases. On the contrary, toxic
      manifestations were experienced in five of fifteen cases. They mainly consisted
      of mild G.I. toxicities. Furthermore, in one case, ataxia developed. Our clinical
      studies revealed no usefulness of UFD-1 in the treatment of advanced
      adenocarcinoma cases.

PMID- 6820904
TI  - [Concentration of 5-FU level in the tissue and blood of the patients with breast
      cancer by preoperative administration of UFT].
AB  - A preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for the prevention of recurrence of breast
      cancer is necessary. We administrated UFT orally at 600 mg/day to 87 patients
      with primary breast cancer and measured the 5-FU level in the tissue and blood.
      The mean blood level of 5-FU after administration was 0.073 mcg/ml at one hr,
      0.081 mcg/ml at 2 hrs, 0.043 mcg/ml at 3 hrs and remained significantly after 5
      hrs (0.031 mcg/ml). The mean 5-FU level in the dominant vessels of the breast was
      also significantly high. The mean tumor 5-FU level was 0.22 mcg/g (0.025-0.768)
      and normal breast tissue level was 0.048 mcg/g (0.011-0.394). This showed
      significantly high tumor 5-FU level compared with that of normal (p less than
      0.001). In comparison of 5-FU levels with tumor sizes of T1, T2 and T3 and
      histological patterns (papillotubular, medullary tubular and scinhous) not
      significant difference was observed. The mean metastatic lymph node level of 5-FU
      was 0.193 mcg/g (0.070-0.789) and normal lymph node level was 0.093 mcg/g (0.008
      0.210) (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, preoperative administration of UFT was
      considered to be very effective for the primary breast cancer because of high
      tumor affinity of 5-FU.

PMID- 6820906
TI  - [A clinical investigation of the combination therapy of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5
      fluorouracil (FH) fine granules and 5-FU dry syrup].
AB  - The anticancer effect and side effect of 1-(2-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FH
      Fine granules "MI-TSUI") plus 5-FU Dry Syrup combination therapy was evaluated in
      24 patients with cancer of the digestive organs. In this study, it was suggested
      that the daily oral administration of 400mg of FH Fine granules combined with
      100mg of 5-FU Dry Syrup is most adequate and effective among them.

PMID- 6820907
TI  - [A case report of macroglobulinemia responded to AAAP-therapy].
AB  - A 60-year-old woman was referred to us because of tumors on the occipital and the
      bilateral submaxillary areas. Biopsy proved them to be well-differentiated
      lymphosarcoma. On admission, systemic lymphadenopathy was noted and there was 26%
      of plasmacytoid cells in the bone marrow of the sternum. Monoclonal gammopathy of
      IgM,K type was found; her disease was diagnosed as a macroglobulinemia (IgM:
      8,460 mg/dl). VENP-therapy consisted of vincristine 1 mg/w, cyclophosphamide 50
      mg/d procarbazine 50 mg/d and prednisolone 30 mg/d was applied for about four
      weeks, but in vain. Transaminase levels were elevated (GOT 575 U, GPT 480 U) and
      the superficial lymphnodes did hardly diminish. Therefore, after improvement of
      the liver dysfunctions, 5 courses of AAAP-therapy, which was consisted of ACNU 50
      mg/d (IV drip over 4 hrs), adriamycin 20 mg/d (IV push), methotrexate 25 mg/d (IV
      push) and prednisolone 60 mg/d (IV push) once a week or three were employed with
      excellent clinical effects. The superficial lymphnodes disappeared, M-protein and
      plasmacytoid cells in the bone marrow markedly decreased. An interval of the
      initial remission reached to 17 months. As previously reported, AAAP-therapy was
      also effective to multiple myeloma and acute lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type.
      Therefore, AAAP-therapy would be one of the best chemotherapies for B-cell
      malignancy including macroglobulinemia.

PMID- 6820908
TI  - [Maturation therapy for advanced neuroblastoma-therapeutic effects and problems].
AB  - Seven children with advanced neuroblastoma were treated with maturation therapy.
      This therapy consisted of 12 hours drip infusion of papaverine (40-45 mg/kg/day)
      for 2 days with or without high dose cyclophosphamide (2,000-3,600 mg/m2). During
      maturation therapy all patients received intravenous hyperalimentation. One
      patient who had received papaverine alone did not respond to the therapy. Among 6
      patients treated with papaverine and high dose cyclophosphamide, 3 responded to
      the therapy, 2 did not and one died soon after the therapy. However, similar
      responses were obtained in 2 of 3 responders with high dose cyclophosphamide
      alone. After all, papaverine infusion was evaluated to be effective only in one
      patient. The clinically severe complications of papaverine infusion were
      somnolence in all patients and extrapyramidal symptoms in 6 patients. Because of
      these extremely high toxicity rates with little evidence of therapeutic effect,
      selection for this therapy should be carefully done and the treatment plan should
      be reconsidered.

PMID- 6820909
TI  - [Antitumor effect of polysaccharide lentinan on C3H/He mice bearing MH134 ascites
      hepatoma].
AB  - 1. Lentinan inhibited the proliferation of MH 134 ascites hepatoma transplanted
      subcutaneously into C3H/He mice, but its most favorite effect appeared when 1mg
      2mg/Kg of lentinan was administered for 10 consecutive days from the eighth day
      after tumor transplantation, yielding a tumor proliferation-inhibition rate of
      33% in the average tumor diameter. 2. In studying the average survival days by
      the chemotherapy of mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cytosine
      arabinoside (Ara-C) in combination with lentinan, when both of these substances
      were administered concurrently in the second week of the tumor transplantation,
      average survival time was 29.2 days as compared to 20.5 days in the untreated
      group, 25.1 days in the group administered lentinan alone, and 22.0 days in the
      group receiving chemotherapy alone. 3. When the antitumor activity of lentinan
      was studied by the change in the macrophage migration inhibition activity (MI),
      it was found that in the untreated group MI activity disappeared on the 14th day
      after tumor transplantation, while in the group treated with lentinan observation
      of a positive activity in the spleen cells suggested a restorative action of
      lentinan of the immunity suppression accompanying the tumor growth.

PMID- 6820910
TI  - [Renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - Forty-two cases of renal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis were clinically
      investigated with regard to their pathological state and treatment methods. Of
      these 42 cases, pulmonary metastasis was noted initially in 18 cases, and in the
      remaining 24 cases it occurred after nephrectomy. In 20 cases (83%) pulmonary
      metastasis was detected within 2 years for the treatment of primary lesion. For
      the treatment of pulmonary metastasis, surgery was performed in 2 cases,
      radiotherapy in 4 cases, chemotherapy in 21 cases and hormonal therapy in 13
      cases. One of the 2 patients who received surgery has survived for 7 years and 11
      months, and the other for 6 months, respectively. Among the 4 cases treated by
      radiotherapy, a complete remission was noted in 1 case, and no improvement in 3
      cases. Twenty-one cases were treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Out of these
      21 cases, an objective improvement was observed in 3 cases (14%): 1 case received
      3 drug combination (mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside) and 2
      cases received 5-fluorouracil dry syrup. Hormonal agents used were progesterone
      in 9 cases and testosterone in 4 cases. In the hormonal therapy group, no
      remission of metastatic lesions was confirmed by chest X-ray examination in 14
      cases. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 32% and 16%, respectively.
      However, 4 out of 42 patients have been alive for over 5 years after the
      treatment for pulmonary metastasis. Therefore, even in the occurrence of
      pulmonary metastasis aggressive treatment including chemotherapy is preferable.

PMID- 6820911
TI  - [Combined administration of futraful and esquinone for the treatment of advanced
      ovarian cancer].
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with futraful (FT
      207) and esquinone (CQ). These patients had infiltrated tumors to the pelvic and
      peritoneal cavity and also distant metastasis, so they were not operated
      perfectly. There were evaluable 12 patients out of 37. FT-207 + CQ is an
      effective drug combination against advanced ovarian cancer with an overall
      response rete of 40.9%, a complete response rate of 4.5% (1/22), partial response
      rate of 36.4% (8/22), no change rate of 27.3% (6/22) and progressive rate of
      31.8% (7/22). Patients with adenocarcinoma showed a response rate of 66.7%
      (8/12). According to the stage, the patients in stage III showed response rate of
      50.0% (6/12), in stage IV showed a response rate of 37.5% (3/8). The total dose
      of FT-207 used in the study was 38.3g in the progressive disease group and 177.6
      in the good response group. The group of long term administration of FT-207 and
      CQ included many patients with good response.

PMID- 6820912
TI  - [Tissue concentration of 5-FU following pre-operative administration of FT-207].
AB  - Forty patients with gastric cancer and 30 patients with colon cancer were
      administered FT-207 prior to the operation. The relation between a total dose (4
      88g) and tissue concentration of 5-FU was investigated and the following results
      were obtained. (5-FU concentration was measured with the method of Gas
      chromatography mas fragmentography) 1) The relation between total doses of FT-207
      (x) and concentration of 5-FU in the tissue (y) was demonstrated by the formula:
      y = 0.00317x + 0.025 (gastric cancer) r = 0.519, p = 0.0001 y = 0.0019x + 0.043
      (colon cancer) r = 0.641, p = 0.0001 2) In most of the patients with rectal
      cancer who received radiation therapy prior to the operation, 5-FU concentration
      in the tissue was extremely low. 3) 5-FU concentration showed no difference
      between the normal and metastatic lymph nodes, or among the lymph node groups.
      Administration methods (oral intake or suppository) had no influence on the
      concentration of 5-FU. 4) Among the organs, 5-FU concentration was higher in the
      following orders: liver, normal mucosa, lymph node,  tumor, normal serosa. 5) In
      five autopsy cases, 5-FU concentration of the tissue show a great difference
      among them, and some cases showed 10 times as high concentration as others in the
      tissue of every organ.

PMID- 6820913
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C and its derivative (KW-2083)].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of MMC was studied by bioassay method in cancer patients and
      experimental animals, and they were compared with those of a new mitomycin
      derivative, KW-2083. The blood level of MMC decreased relative by rapidly, t 1/2
      beta in iv dose of 30, 20 and 10 mg/body to man was 50, 41 and 33 minutes,
      respectively. The drug level was able to increase locally by employing perfusion,
      arterial infusion, hemi-upper body infusion and intra-cavitary injection. The
      tissue level of MMC was high in the lung, kidney, muscle and skin, and moderate
      in the tumor of S180 bearing mice. MMC was inactivated strongly in the
      homogenates of the liver and kidney, and moderately in the heart and intestine of
      human tissues. The inactivation was enhanced by the addition of NADPH, vitamin
      B6, glutathione, etc. The blood level of KW-2083 in patients and mice decreased
      more rapidly than MMC. T 1/2 beta of KW-2083 in patients after iv injection at
      70, 40 and 20 mg/body was about 18 minutes. The tissue level of KW-2083 in S 180
      bearing mice was the highest in the lung and skin, followed by the kidney and
      tumor. The elimination rate of the drug from each tissue was more rapid than that
      of MMC. KW-2083 was highly excreted into the bile and more highly inactivated in
      the homogenates of the liver, kidney, muscle, etc. as compared with MMC. These
      pharmacokinetic behaviours of KW-2083 might be related to the lower toxicity and
      higher therapeutic ratio in experimental animals.

PMID- 6820914
TI  - [Clinical application of futraful suppositories in malignant head and neck cancer
      -effects of the therapy combined with radiation].
AB  - Futraful suppository 1.5 g per day was administered to 33 patients with head and
      neck malignancies. Among 33 cases which entered into the study, 16 cases were
      evaluated. Out of 16 evaluable cases, complete responses (CRs) were obtained in 4
      cases and partial responses (PRs) in 7 cases, an overall response rate including
      4 CRs and 7 PRs was 68.8%. Side effects due to FT-207 suppository were developed
      in 14 cases out of 33 patients (42.4%). Side effects such as anal pain, anorexia,
      diarrhea, pigmentation, exanthema and nail change were observed. No severe side
      effect was encountered.

PMID- 6820915
TI  - [Effects of protein calorie intake on immuno- and chemotherapy].
AB  - Immuno-chemotherapeutic effect on growth of 81B mammary tumor was studied in
      syngeneic C3H/He mice fed diet with low (D) or normal (N) protein content. 1. 5
      FU 20 mg/kg. was given intra-peritoneal daily for 3 weeks. The tumor volume ratio
      (T/C) was significantly reduced on day 14 in both N and D-group mice. However,
      all mice were dead 2 weeks after administration of 5-FU in D-group mice. 2.
      Immuno-potentiator OK-432 (50 KE/kg,) or Lentinan (5 mg/kg,) was given i.p. daily
      for 3 weeks. The 81B tumor growth was inhibited on day 14 in N-group mice.
      However, the tumor growth was paradoxically accelerated after administration of
      these agents in D-group mice. Augmentation of the natural killer cell activity
      was recognized in N-group mice treated with OK-432 or Lentinan, but no change was
      seen in D-group mice. 3. After administration of 5-FU, intra-tumoral
      concentration of 5-FU was higher in N-group mice than that of in D-group mice.

PMID- 6820916
TI  - [FT-207 maintenance therapy of malignant gynecologic cancer].
AB  - Maintenance treatment with FT-207 was applied to 92 patients with uterine cancers
      after initial treatments were performed. Daily dosage of FT-207 was either 600 or
      800 mg and the drug was administered orally. The duration of 6 months and the
      total dosage of 100 g were proposed as administration schedule and 34 patients
      (37%) received this regimen. Side effects during the treatment were observed in
      35 cases (38%). Gastrointestinal disturbance was most frequently observed and
      other side effects included myelosuppression, general fatigue, hepatic
      dysfunction and skin toxicities. There were no serious side effects, the
      treatment was continued in most patients and was interrupted only in 7 cases
      (8%). In the cases of recurrence or advanced cancer, however, the side effect was
      the predominant cause for interruption of administration. As for the antitumor
      effect of the treatment, a survival rate of the patients with cervical cancer of
      early stages was evaluated. Three-year survival rate in the treatment group was
      higher comparing to the one reported hitherto.

PMID- 6820917
TI  - [Effect of postoperative long-term chemotherapy of stomach cancer using mitomycin
      C and futraful--the secondary study (1)].
AB  - The Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer
      in Japan with the participation of 334 institutes nation-wide had conducted the
      secondary study in order to investigate the usefulness of futraful in long term
      treatment, based on the results obtained by the primary study. The following
      method was taken for the study and patients were randomly divided into three
      groups: A group-given a high dose of MMC immediately after operation; B group
      given futraful for one year after MMC administration; C group-given futraful
      alone for long-term. The number of eligible cases for data analysis was 3,o30.
      Side effects observed during the long term treatment with futraful were
      considered to be minor. Although the occurrence of hematocytopenia was slightly
      frequent because of possible increase of influence by the concomitant use of MMC,
      no tendency of hepatic disorders and any subjective side effects to be
      strengthened by MMC combination was observed at all. As for 2-year survival, an
      elevated survival was found in the group of concomitant use of MMC and futraful;
      Especially, a significantly high survival was found in the cases of stage III and
      n (+) . ps (+). Furthermore, the survival was elevated in proportion to the
      increase of total dosage of futraful. This suggested the usefulness of futraful
      for long term treatment.

PMID- 6820919
TI  - [Clinical survey on cardiotoxicity of tegafur (FT-207)--compilation of a
      nationwide survey].
AB  - To examine FT-207 cardiotoxicity, medical records of 223 cancer patients from 23
      institutions throughout Japan were subjected to analysis. ECG changes occurred in
      11/108 patients and 4/115 patients after iv and po administration of FT-207
      respectively. ST . T wave changes resembling to coronary T wave occurred in 4
      patients without subjective or objective symptoms of cardiac disturbance after
      surgery followed by iv injection for a given period. These 4 patients did not
      show symptoms such as chest pain and tachycardia accompanying with ECG changes
      described in foreign literatures concerning 5-FU, and it was not clear whether
      these ECG changes reflected cardiac disturbance or not. On the other hand, other
      ECG changes consisted of non-specific changes in ST . T wave, and they were
      considered to be of no significance in clinical evaluation because of influence
      of background factors such as surgery and adjunct chemotherapy. Although this
      surveillance did not provide a given relationship between FT-207 and cardiac
      disturbance, it is recommended that especially iv injection should be taken with
      ECG monitoring.

PMID- 6820918
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of various antineoplastic agents combined with urokinase--a
      comparison between urokinase from tissue culture (TCUK) and urine-derived
      urokinase (UUK)].
AB  - The effect of fibrinolytic agents, Tissue Culture Urokinase (TCUK) and Urinary
      Urokinase (UUK), was investigated in a total of 146 patients with gastric cancer,
      pulmonary cancer or breast cancer who received various anti-cancer agents, mainly
      MMC, in combination with the fibrinolytic agents. Assessments were made according
      to the Koyama-Saito criteria. In order to maintain impartiality of this
      comparative trial, the drugs were randomly administered to the patients by a card
      system. The patients who died during the study were excluded from the analysis
      and the patients with colorectal cancer were also excluded because this disease
      was not included in the study protocol. As a result, 51 patients given TCUK and
      50 patients given UUK (101 in total) were subjected to analyse. The response rate
      (CR + PR/No. of admitted patients) was 15.6% (8/51) for the TCUK group and 10.0%
      (5/50) for the UUK group respectively. The patients with measurable lesions in
      the TCUK group showed a response rate of 25.9% (7/27) and those in the UUK group,
      14.3% (4/28). Side effects were observed in 52.1% of patients in the TCUK group
      and 47.9% in the UUK group. However, these symptoms were related to the anti
      cancer agents. Neither a tendency to hemorrhage nor allergic symptoms occurred in
      association with the two fibrinolytic agents, TCUK and UUK. to UUK in terms of an
      activity to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of anti-cancer agents and that
      combination use of TCUK and anti-cancer agents seems to be useful.

PMID- 6820920
TI  - [Clinical study of serum and tissue concentrations of FT-207 and 5-FU in patients
      with cancer of the large intestine following preoperative application of FT-207
      suppositories].
AB  - 1.5 g/day of FT-207 suppository was administered for two weeks prior to operation
      to twenty patients with large bowel carcinoma of familiar poliposis coli. The
      level of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum, lymph node, tumor and normal colonic mucosa
      were determined by bioassay. The levels of FT-207 in the rectum, sigmoid colon
      and tumor were higher than that in serum. The levels of 5-FU in the rectum,
      sigmoid colon, tumor and lymph node were also higher than that in serum. The
      levels of FT-207 and 5-FU in carcinoma of the rectum was higher than those in
      serum. Compared with the level in normal rectal mucosa, only the level of 5-FU in
      rectal carcinoma was higher. From the histological point of view, the highest
      levels of FT-207 and 5-FU was observed in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.
      There was no side effect experienced in our series, therefore, FT-207 suppository
      seems to be one of the safe promising preoperative chemotherapies.

PMID- 6820921
TI  - [Combined effect of intravenous hyperalimentation and chemotherapy on
      experimental meningioma].
AB  - Combination effects of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) and chemotherapy were
      studied in rats with meningeal carcinomatosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were
      inoculated intracisternally with 1 X 10(4) Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells.
      Animals were divided into five groups of 10 to 12 animals per group: 1) no
      treatment; 2) cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg i.v. at 5 days after tumor inoculation
      (Day 5); 3) IVH (Day 5 to Day 10); 4) cyclophosphamide (Day 5) and IVH (Day 5 to
      Day 10); and 5) cyclophosphamide (Day 5) and IVH (Day 10 to Day 15). The group of
      IVH alone reduced survival time significantly (p less than 0.001) compared with
      no treatment group. Cyclophosphamide alone increased survival time significantly
      (p less than 0.001) in comparison with no treatment group. Combination of
      cyclophosphamide (Day 5) and IVH (Day 5 to Day 10) did not prolong survival time
      compared with cyclophosphamide alone. However, IVH (Day 10 to 15) in combination
      with cyclophosphamide (Day 5) prolonged survival time significantly (p less than
      0.001) in comparison with cyclophosphamide alone. Mean body weight was reduced
      maximally at 5 to 10 days after cyclophosphamide injection. However, no reduction
      of body weight was noted while animals were on IVH. The present data appears to
      indicate that IVH may reduce the side effects of cyclophosphamide and may prolong
      the survival time.

PMID- 6820922
TI  - [Characterization and bioactivity of interferon induced by Streptococcus faecalis
      preparation, TH69].
AB  - It was demonstrated that TH69, an lyophylized preparation of streptococcus
      faecalis TH001 (ATCC No. 31663) induced interferon gamma (IFN gamma) in spleen
      cell cultures. The IFN activity was found in 8 hrs and reached to the peak of 120
      240 U/ml 24-48 hrs after incubation in every concentration of 4, 20, and 100
      micrograms/ml of TH69. TH69-induced IFN (TH69-IFN) was produced by T cells
      assisted by macrophages which were stimulated with TH69, and the activity was
      neutralized by 80-90% with anti-IFN gamma serum but hardly neutralized with anti
      IFN alpha, beta serum. Therefore, TH69-IFN was found to be mostly gamma type. The
      elution profile of TH69-IFN activity on a column with Toyopearl HW-55S showed
      that molecular weight of IFN was estimated at 18,000-28,000. Sequential
      purification on this column of TH69-IFN increased the specific activity to
      approximately 2.5 X 10(4) U/mg protein (partially purified TH69-IFN: TH69-IFNp).
      A small amount of TH69-IFNp (5-50 U/ml) augmented NK activity and induced
      cytotoxic macrophages in vitro. Growth of Meth-A tumor cells exposed to TH69-IFNp
      of 100 U/ml in vitro declined to 50% and three times injection of TH69-IFN (200
      U/50 microliters) into the tumor sites of mice given implants of Meth-A
      suppressed the tumor growth.

PMID- 6820923
TI  - [Effect of PSK on tumor-specific immunity induced by MMC-treated syngeneic tumor
      cells].
AB  - Immunization with MMC-treated EL-4 tumor cells could raise cytotoxic activity of
      non-adherent PE cells and resistance against rechallenge with small or medium
      doses of viable tumor cells. Administration of PSK augmented the generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes and the induction of resistance against rechallenge in mice
      immunized with such MMC-treated tumor cells. Augmented generation of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes may be ascribed to systemic effects of PSK but not to local effects
      in the peritoneal cavity, since augmenting effects of PSK were observed not only
      after intraperitoneal administration but also after oral administration. Either
      after intraperitoneal administration or after oral administration cytotoxic
      activity was detected in PE cells but not in spleen cells. Cytotoxic activity was
      detected in PE cells but not in spleen cells after intraperitoneal injections of
      MMC-treated tumor cells. Cytotoxic lymphocytes appear to differentiate to their
      mature form capable of being detected by 51Cr-release test principally at the
      site of direct graft rejection. Intraperitoneal administration of PSK was more
      effective in the augmentation of cytotoxicity of PE cells than oral
      administration. PSK may be able to have contact with precursors of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes more efficiently after intraperitoneal administration. Immunity
      against syngeneic tumor cells appears to be effective in elimination of small
      doses of tumor cells but to be overcome by medium or large doses of tumor cells
      at the rechallenge. Administration of PSK increased the threshold number to be
      eliminated by immune hosts. This finding seems to be important in relation to
      augmentation of resistance against metastasis or local implantation with a
      limited number of tumor cells.

PMID- 6820924
TI  - [Clinical studies of cancer chemotherapy combined with angiotensin-II (ANG-II)].
AB  - The levels of anticancer drugs in tissue were measured by bioassay method in 28
      patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who were treated with intravenous
      administration of 500 mg of 5-FU combined with ANG-II during surgery. The levels
      of 5-FU in the cancerous tissue of the stomach and the regional lymph nodes were
      higher in the cases who received 5-FU and ANG-II than in the cases received 5-FU
      alone. Based on this result, we carried out cancer chemotherapy combined with ANG
      II for 15 patients with advanced cancer. The good clinical response was observed
      in 4 out of 15 cases (26.7%) including 2 complete (CR) and 2 partial responses
      (PR), respectively. According to Karnofsky's criteria of response, more than I-A
      response was observed in 5 out of 15 cases (33.3%). The major side effects of ANG
      II therapy were nausea, vomiting and breast pain. The incidence of the side
      effects was 8.7% in total.

PMID- 6820925
TI  - Antibody to histone commonly observed in pemphigus and connective tissue disease.

PMID- 6820926
TI  - Amelanotic changes in B 16 melanoma after transplantation to 'Yellow' Ay/a mice.
AB  - B 16 mouse melanoma maintained on nonagouti a/a mice (C 57 Bl 6j subline) was
      transplanted to 'Yellow' Ay/a mutants. B 16 melanoma has now been maintained for
      1 year on the 'Yellow' strain. A microscopic and ultrastructural study of
      transplanted tumors is described. Several enzymatic activities including
      tyrosinases are investigated. A marked depigmentation of the B 16 melanoma is
      noted after its transplantation to the 'Yellow' strain, and melanogenic
      characteristics of the tumor are modified.

PMID- 6820927
TI  - DNA replication in short-time organ cultures of human epidermis. Inhibition by
      aphidicolin, and detection of DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma.
AB  - Human epidermis uncontaminated by fibroblasts was isolated by a suction blister
      method. DNA synthesis in short-time organ cultures of isolated epidermis was
      strongly inhibited by aphidicolin, suggesting that DNA polymerase alpha is
      involved in DNA replication in human epidermis. On the basis of their responses
      to inhibitors, primer-template requirements, and chromatographic properties, DNA
      polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma were all identified in epidermal extracts.

PMID- 6820928
TI  - [Emphasis on bacterial vaccines].

PMID- 6820929
TI  - [Ossification of the vertebral column in the rat under normal and altered
      conditions of development].

PMID- 6820930
TI  - Enkephalin-azo-albumin and its immunological properties.

PMID- 6820931
TI  - Study of thyroid functions in protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - Thyroid functions were studied in eight children suffering from PEM. The
      assessment of thyroid functions were done by measuring serum T3 and T4 levels by
      radioimmunoassay. Both T3 and T4 levels in serum were significantly (P less than
      0.001) reduced in PEM as compared to normal healthy children. These results
      suggest that thyroid functions are affected in PEM. The impairment of such
      functions may possibly be due to a deficiency of protein or to a blockade in the
      incorporation of iodine into thyroid hormone at some stage after iodide transport
      into the gland. The possibility of alteration of some biochemical or metabolic
      changes induced by PEM during biosynthesis of thyroid hormones cannot be
      excluded.

PMID- 6820932
TI  - Application of the theory of gelation to enzymatic clotting process of casein
      micelle solution.
AB  - Dynamic mechanical measurements were carried out to clarify the mechanism of the
      clotting process of casein micelle solution. It was found that the clotting
      process of casein micelle solution was formally expressed by a first order
      reaction. The enzyme concentration dependence of the latent time tL and the rate
      constant of gelation Kg were found to be tL alpha [E]-1.1, and Kg alpha [E]1.0,
      respectively. These results were intrepreted on the basis of the theory of
      gelation. The results obtained here were found to agree with the theoretical
      conjectures. The casein micelle concentration dependence of the complex rigidity
      was also studied.

PMID- 6820933
TI  - [Morphological studies on the inhibition of mast cell degranulation by
      Baicalein].

PMID- 6820934
TI  - [The value of tomodensitometry in deforming abnormalities of the shape of the
      eye, especially of microphthalmia with orbital cysts].

PMID- 6820935
TI  - [The prevention of expulsive hemorrhage with trinitroglycerine].

PMID- 6820936
TI  - Insulin resistance: a universal finding in diabetic states.
AB  - The mechanisms contributing to the impairment in glucose metabolism in non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and
      diabetic ketoacidosis are summarized in Table 2. Impaired insulin secretion is
      characteristic of patients with IDD and DKA. In contrast, insulin secretion in
      NIDD may be normal, increased, or decreased. Peripheral tissue resistance to the
      action of insulin is present in all three diabetic conditions; it is moderate in
      NIDD and IDD and severe in DKA. Basal hepatic glucose production in NIDD and IDD
      can be either normal or increased, and correlates closely with the fasting plasma
      glucose concentration. In DKA, HGP is elevated. Suppression of HGP by insulin is
      normal in NIDD and IDD but severely impaired in DKA. Hepatic glucose uptake
      following oral glucose is decreased in NIDD; hepatic uptake of ingested glucose
      has not been examined in IDD and DKA.

PMID- 6820937
TI  - Treatment of metabolic alkalosis.

PMID- 6820938
TI  - Localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in retinal astrocytoma: an
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) is found in glial filaments, and is
      specific for reactive or neoplastic astrocytes and ependyma. Using a commercially
      available antibody to GFA protein, a retinal neoplasm from a patient with
      neurofibromatosis is intensely stained with the brown immunoperoxidase reaction
      product. Rather than the less specific phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) or
      Holzer's stain, antibody to GFAP protein is a relatively rapid, simple, and
      reliable immunohistochemical technique for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded
      tissue.

PMID- 6820940
TI  - Thyrotropin secretion in protein energy malnutrition in Ugandan children.

PMID- 6820939
TI  - [BC 105 in the Pediatric Service of the University Hospital Center of Dakar in
      protein-calorie malnutrition in children].

PMID- 6820941
TI  - Giardiasis in protein energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6820942
TI  - The relationship of blood groups and hepatitis B virus antigen carrier state.

PMID- 6820943
TI  - Studies on the male reproductive toxicity of Freon 22.
AB  - Freons have been used extensively as refrigerants and as propellants in household
      products, and yet their possible effects on male reproduction have received
      little attention. In the present study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (nine
      weeks of age) were exposed to 50 000 ppm Freon 22, five hrs per day for eight
      weeks. The control group received filtered air at an identical flow rate. At the
      end of the eight week exposure period, body and organ weights, hematology, blood
      chemistry, plasma gonadotropins, and fertility parameters were not significantly
      different from controls, with the exception of serum cholesterol levels, which
      were slightly higher, and glucose and triglyceride levels which were lower. The
      weight of coagulating glands was also lower than those of controls, but did not
      interfere with fertility function.

PMID- 6820944
TI  - [Appearance of Streptococci in the vagina in the perinatal period and puerperal
      infections].

PMID- 6820945
TI  - [Reverse triiodothyronine concentration in the amniotic fluid in blood group
      incompatibility].

PMID- 6820946
TI  - Effect of lysine & methionine on lipid metabolism in rats.

PMID- 6820947
TI  - Increased histaminase activity in regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 6820948
TI  - Isolation & characterization of a protease from B. subtilis.

PMID- 6820949
TI  - Effect of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene on arginine metabolism in rat
      liver.

PMID- 6820951
TI  - Deinstitutionalization reconsidered.

PMID- 6820952
TI  - Premature hypergonadotropic ovarian failure: clinicopathological study of 19
      cases.
AB  - During the 5-year period 1977-1982, 57 patients below 35 years of age with
      secondary amenorrhea were assessed for hypergonadotropic (primary) ovarian
      failure. The histological findings within the ovaries as well as pertinent
      clinical and laboratory correlates are described. Nineteen had diagnostic ovarian
      biopsies performed. The importance of this technique is stressed. The ovaries of
      14 patients showed absence of primordial follicles (true premature menopause);
      three others showed "resistant ovary syndrome" characterized by the presence of
      primordial follicles but little or no follicular development (including a case of
      galactosemia, in which the associated ovarian failure has been ascribed to
      follicular atresia). The remaining two revealed florid chronic perifollicular
      inflammatory reactions in the presence of both primordial and also developing
      follicles--one lymphoplasmacytic and the other granulomatous. The former has been
      previously suggested as evidence of an autoimmune process, but the latter has not
      hitherto been reported.

PMID- 6820950
TI  - [Methyldopa-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Course and long-term
      observations on 11 patients].
AB  - Long-term studies on 11 patients suffering from methyldopa-induced autoimmune
      haemolytic anaemia suggest that this self limitable episode of disturbed immune
      tolerance is characterized by five main parameters: 1. The autoimmune pathogenic
      average daily drug dose: Unfortunately, it cannot be estimated exactly due to the
      individually rather variable absorption of methyldopa (7-62%). The lowest oral
      dose in our patients was 125 mg daily. 2. The period of autoimmune induction:
      between the start of the methyldopa administration and the beginning of
      autoantibody production. It has to be estimated somewhat shorter than the time up
      to the clinical manifestation of the haemolytic anaemia. This varied over a wide
      range from 2 to 52 months. 3. The period of the active autohemolysis: between the
      appearance of pathogenic autoantibodies and the withdrawal of methyldopa. It
      depends on the recognition of the cause of the disease. In our patients it varied
      between 2 and 32 weeks. 4. The period of the haematologic remission: between the
      withdrawal of methyldopa and the normalization of the red blood cell values. It
      ranged between 4 weeks and 4 months. Contrary to the other parameters, the
      clinical remission is almost uniform in all patients. It begins immediately when
      the drug is stopped. This fact suggests that the induction and maintenance of the
      disease needs a continuous application of methyldopa and its presence in blood
      and tissue. The normalization of the red blood cell turnover simultaneous with
      the cessation of therapy, although the direct antiglobulin test remains positive,
      reveals a change of the autoantibodies into those apathogenic variants known from
      the majority of methyldopa-induced autoimmunizations. 5. The period of
      immunologic remission: between the withdrawal of methyldopa and the definite
      extinction of autoantibody production. It varied between 4 and 12 months.
      Transition to or later development of an autonomous warm autoantibody anaemia
      were not observed. The disease remits spontaneously. Its prompt reversibility
      resembles the same phenomenon in autoantibody anaemias induced by infectious
      agents. An inhibition of methyldopa-sensitive suppressor-T-cells may initiate the
      disturbed tolerance disease.

PMID- 6820953
TI  - Systolic time intervals in adult malnutrition.

PMID- 6820954
TI  - Intravenous glycerol and glyceromannitol in raised intracanial tension.

PMID- 6820955
TI  - Renal failure as the presenting feature of light chain myeloma of kappa type.

PMID- 6820957
TI  - Public policy implications of human genetic technology: genetic screening.
AB  - As rapid advances in human genetic research are transferred into new areas of
      genetic technology, questions relating to the use of these techniques will
      escalate. This paper examines some of the policy concerns surrounding recent
      developments in genetic screening. It discusses the impetus and implications of
      genetic screening in general, examines various applications, and analyzes the
      costs and benefits of screening programs currently in existence. Special emphasis
      is placed on whether or not screening should be considered a matter of public
      health and mandated on those grounds. This paper argues against any compulsory
      screening programs except where the disease is easily identified, applicable
      across social groups, and treatable. While screening services for carriers of
      genetic disease and prenatal diagnosis should be made available and education
      programs should be expanded substantially, the burden of proof for involuntary
      programs is placed on the proponents. There is little public health justification
      at this time for mandatory screening though this does not preclude future public
      health demands. It is argued that the goals and justification of various human
      genetic technologies must be examined at this time due to the rapid advancement
      of the research as well as the ultimate benefits promised for humankind.

PMID- 6820956
TI  - The bacteriology of urinary tract infection and its relationship with different
      pathological conditions.

PMID- 6820958
TI  - Chelating agents in medicine.

PMID- 6820959
TI  - Preclinical ocular evaluation of noncorticosteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - The nature of inflammation in general and the special aspects of ocular
      inflammation are discussed. Causes of inflammation, the cellular and tissue
      response to noxious stimuli and the biochemical mediation of the inflammatory
      response are described. Prostaglandins and their relatives the thromboxanes and
      prostacyclins are shown to play an important role in the mediation of ocular
      inflammation. Inhibitors of the biochemical synthesis of prostaglandins show
      strong potential for use in topical ocular antiinflammatory therapy, however
      their preclinical evaluation requires the choice of a suitable animal model. A
      review of animals of both specific and general ocular inflammation is presented.

PMID- 6820960
TI  - Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and secretion of protease in the presence of the
      protease inhibitors.
AB  - The compounds benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-hydroxamate (Z-Leu-NHOH),
      benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-hydroxamate (Z-Gly-NHOH) and 2-mercaptoacetyl-L
      phenylalanyl-L-leucine (HSAc-Phe-Leu) are potent inhibitors of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa elastase. The effect of these inhibitors on growth and protease
      secretion by the bacteria was studied under conditions where the organisms
      secrete elastase as the major proteolytic constituent. Z-Gly-NHOH and Z-Leu-NHOH
      inhibited bacterial growth and enzyme secretion by 40 and 30%, respectively,
      although the inhibition by Z-Leu-NHOH was expressed only when growth was in
      dialysed medium. Inhibition of growth by both compounds was first observed at the
      end of the logarithmic phase of growth, suggesting that these compounds are not
      toxic to the bacteria. HSAc-Phe-Leu did not inhibit growth or enzyme secretion.
      The level of HSAc-Phe-Leu in the medium decreased constantly during incubation,
      probably because of gradual oxidation of the -SH group. The rate of this decrease
      was markedly enhanced in presence of the bacteria, suggesting that HSAc-Phe-Leu
      is either consumed or destroyed by the organisms. We propose that the partial
      reduction of growth exerted by the hydroxamate derivatives is the result of
      inhibition of the extracellular proteases by these compounds. HSAc-Phe-Leu failed
      to inhibit growth because of its rapid loss during incubation with the bacteria.
      Since the three inhibitors have no antibacterial effects, their therapeutic
      potential should be examined in combination with antibiotics. Experimental
      treatment with HSAc-Phe-Leu should be frequent in order to overcome its loss in
      presence of the organisms.

PMID- 6820961
TI  - [Exogenous factors in the development of precancerous lesions and carcinomas of
      the mouth].

PMID- 6820962
TI  - [Prefabricated intraradicular posts].

PMID- 6820963
TI  - [Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)].

PMID- 6820964
TI  - [Efficacy of the use by the patients of 2 disclosing agents in the removal of
      dental plaque].

PMID- 6820966
TI  - [Pit and fissure sealants].

PMID- 6820965
TI  - [Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands of mouth: a
      clinicopathologic and histochemical study].

PMID- 6820968
TI  - [Basic principles of oral microbial ecology].

PMID- 6820967
TI  - [The contribution of longitudinal studies in the improvement of our knowledge of
      periodontal disease].

PMID- 6820969
TI  - [Failure of the amalgam fillings. When and why].

PMID- 6820971
TI  - [Periodontal ligament anesthesia with pressure syringe].

PMID- 6820970
TI  - [Mucous cysts in children: a clinicopathologic study of 33 cases].

PMID- 6820972
TI  - [Periodontal splinting. 2. Practical application].

PMID- 6820973
TI  - [Epidemiological study of periodontal disease in the Isle of Salamis. I.
      Correlation with sex, age and the frequency of dental visits].

PMID- 6820975
TI  - [Biopsy: a useful diagnostic method].

PMID- 6820974
TI  - [Primary systemic amyloidosis with oral manifestations. 4 cases].

PMID- 6820976
TI  - Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the
      horse. VII. Percentage venous admixture.
AB  - The percentage venous admixture was calculated in 21 clinically normal horses and
      ponies and in 13 horses and ponies with chronic obstructure pulmonary disease
      (COPD). The oxygen contents of pulmonary end-capillary blood, arterial and mixed
      venous blood were calculated from blood and respiratory gas values and
      substituted in the shunt equation. The mean percentage venous admixture of the
      COPD subjects was significantly greater than that of the normal subjects. It was
      concluded that a larger proportion of alveoli in the lungs of COPD subjects were
      hypoventilated than that of alveoli of the normal lungs.

PMID- 6820977
TI  - [Clinical evaluation and analysis of biological and psychosocial factors
      determining prophylactic effectiveness of lithium carbonate in endogenous
      depressive syndromes].

PMID- 6820978
TI  - [Pulmonary mycobacteriosis. Clinical and bacteriological aspects].

PMID- 6820979
TI  - [Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: its role in the
      pathogenesis of cervical myelopathies. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 6820980
TI  - The effect of new Tubulicid on smear layer removal.

PMID- 6820981
TI  - Treatment planning for external beam therapy with neutrons.

PMID- 6820982
TI  - Treatment planning at the Amsterdam d + T fast neutron therapy facility.

PMID- 6820983
TI  - Experience with fast neutron radiotherapy at the M.D. Anderson Hospital with
      emphasis on the randomized head and neck trial.

PMID- 6820984
TI  - Status report on treatment planning with the fast neutron beam at Hamburg
      Eppendorf.

PMID- 6820985
TI  - Treatment planning at the Heidelberg neutron therapy facility (with special
      considerations of the inhomogeneity problem).

PMID- 6820986
TI  - Treatment planning for 15 MeV neutron therapy.

PMID- 6820987
TI  - Treatment planning at the neutron facility of the Hospital of the University of
      Pennsylvania and the Hospital of the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia.

PMID- 6820988
TI  - Neutron therapy treatment planning at Zurich University Hospital: status report.

PMID- 6820989
TI  - The Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facility: treatment planning for neutron and mixed
      beams.

PMID- 6820990
TI  - Status report of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation National Aeronautics and Space
      Administration Neutron Therapy Center.

PMID- 6820991
TI  - Neutron therapy planning: principles and practice in Edinburgh.

PMID- 6820992
TI  - Principles of a treatment planning program with separate calculation of dose
      distributions for neutrons and gamma rays.

PMID- 6820993
TI  - Staging and grading of tumours and correlation with clinical results in Essen.

PMID- 6820994
TI  - Treatment planning techniques for radiotherapy with combined fast neutrons and
      supervoltage X-rays.

PMID- 6820995
TI  - Present status of the treatment planning for d(50)-Be neutron beams and mixed
      schedules at "Cyclone".

PMID- 6820997
TI  - Status report on neutron treatment planning for the RENT-project.

PMID- 6820996
TI  - Computerized treatment planning for fast neutron radiotherapy--a status report.

PMID- 6820998
TI  - Treatment planning procedures at the University of Washington.

PMID- 6821000
TI  - The Munich Therapy Project RENT.

PMID- 6821001
TI  - Treatment planning system for the fast neutron therapy at the Institute of
      Medical Science, University of Tokyo.

PMID- 6821002
TI  - Specific problems in neutron treatment planning in comparison with photon
      treatment planning.

PMID- 6820999
TI  - Treatment planning system for fast neutron therapy at NIRS Hospital.

PMID- 6821003
TI  - The intercomparison of standardized patients anatomy and organs topography with
      CT-scanning results.

PMID- 6821004
TI  - Beam modelling techniques for computerized therapy planning.

PMID- 6821006
TI  - Recent development of the Stuttgart program system for treatment planning in
      neutron therapy.

PMID- 6821005
TI  - Therapy planning system for the SIN-pion therapy facility.

PMID- 6821007
TI  - Determination of depth dose distributions by means of transport calculations.

PMID- 6821008
TI  - Survey of determinations of dose distributions, influence of oblique incidence,
      tissue composition and wedge filters.

PMID- 6821009
TI  - The extra digit. A pointer to the eye?
AB  - The syndrome associated with an extra digit which is commonly seen by the
      ophthalmologist is that of Laurence-Moon-Biedl, with its well-known association
      with retinal dystrophy. However, there are several other syndromes in which there
      is polydactyly and an ocular malformation. Many have colobomata and
      microphthalmos. Other syndromes show various orbital and eyelid abnormalities,
      such as ptosis, hypertelorism, and lateral displacement of the canthi. In three
      syndromes other than the Laurence-Moon-Biedl there is a retinal dystrophy. In
      Trisomy 13 there is a severe retinal dysplasia, and in Bloom's syndrome
      excrescences on Bruch's membrane have been described. There have been several
      cases of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (Jeune's syndrome) described with a
      retinal dystrophy, and we present a case of the closely-related Ellis-van Creveld
      syndrome with a retinal dystrophy. We also present a case with a chromosomal
      defect (an addition to the short arm of chromosome 2), polydactyly, and a retinal
      dystrophy.

PMID- 6821011
TI  - [Cytophotometric histochemical study of cerebellar succinate and malate
      dehydrogenases in rats during post-natal development. Effect of some aldehyde
      fixatives on enzyme activities].

PMID- 6821010
TI  - Diabetic and galactosaemic cataracts.

PMID- 6821013
TI  - The effect of calcium ion perturbation on the morphology of cells isolated from
      early embryos of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 6821012
TI  - A double blind controlled trial of Bencard house dust mite (Migen)
      hyposensitisation in Zambian asthmatics.
AB  - A double blind controlled trial of Bencard HDM (Migen) for the prophylaxis of
      asthma in a group of Zambian asthmatics failed to show any benefit. The trial
      results suggest that asthmatics can benefit from regular supervision and the
      position of prophylactic and therapeutic medication.

PMID- 6821014
TI  - Ribosome-associated elongation factor 2 during embryonic development of Bufo
      bufo.

PMID- 6821016
TI  - Serum FSH and LH levels in men after administration of a long-acting LH-RH
      preparation.
AB  - The effects of the natural gonadotropin releasing hormone (LH-RH) and of a long
      acting analogue, desgly10-D-leu6-LH-RH ethylamide, on the serum FSH, LH,
      testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta levels were studied in healthy men. The basal
      value for FSH was 3.58 +/- 0.47 mU/ml (SE), for LH 6.33 +/- 1.19 mU/ml. Following
      an intravenous dose of LH-RH the values increased by 3.40 +/- 0.88 and 25.99 +/-
      5.67 mU/ml, respectively. After intravenous administration of the long-acting
      analogue, the peak FSH exceeded the basal value by 12.89 +/- 6.95 mU/ml, while LH
      increased by 41.27 +/- 4.72 mU/ml. The effect of the analogue on FSH and LH
      lasted 693 min and 862 min, respectively. Neither preparation changed the serum
      testosterone or oestradiol-17 beta levels essentially. The results suggest that
      the long-acting variant of LH-RH is more suitable than the natural hormone for
      examination of the FSH and LH reserves in men.

PMID- 6821015
TI  - Functional relationships of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular system in
      Graves' disease.
AB  - An increased secretion of gonadotropic hormone was found in hyperthyroid males
      despite the high basal serum total testosterone and oestradiol levels. This
      suggests that hyperthyroidism affects the responsiveness of the hypothalamic
      pituitary axis to sexual steroid hormones. While in the hyperthyroid patients the
      elevation of the serum testosterone level in response to chorionic gonadotropin
      was lower than normally, the LH and FSH responses to LRH were increased. The
      results indicate that male hyperthyroidism is associated with a loss of
      responsiveness of the Leydig-cells to adequate stimuli, to which the pituitary
      reacts by a compensatory increase in its LH-secretion and by an increased
      reactivity to LRH. It is suggested that in addition to the direct effect of the
      increased thyroid hormone levels, a secondary elevation of the oestradiol
      concentration plays a major part in the alterations in question.

PMID- 6821018
TI  - Active and passive mouse-protecting capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein
      vaccines.
AB  - Six different vaccines were prepared, each containing the soluble, practically
      lipopolysaccharide-free protein extract of 2 or 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
      In active mouse protection tests the vaccines were shown to give protection
      against both homologous and heterologous serotype strains, and against strain PA
      103 producing exotoxin A. In rabbits the vaccines were found to stimulate the
      production of protective antibodies demonstrable in a passive mouse protection
      test. The immune serum had a protective effect against the exotoxin A-producing
      strain PA-103, too. Toxicity of the vaccines was studied in mice (mouse weight
      gain test) and in rabbits (intracutaneous skin test and pyrogenicity). The
      vaccines were not or only slightly toxic.

PMID- 6821017
TI  - Effect of the Ca2+ chelators EDTA and EGTA on sinoatrial-node activity and heart
      irritability.
AB  - The effect of the Ca-chelators EDTA and EGTA on sinoatrial activity and heart
      irritability was studied in dog experiments by perfusing the artery supplying the
      sinoatrial node. Beside the usual ECG recordings left and right atrial and left
      and right ventricular epicardial electrograms, His-bundle electrogram and the
      early activity of the sinoatrial node were recorded. In addition action
      potentials were recorded from the left auricle and right ventricle of the dog
      hearts. Local application around the sinoatrial and atrio-ventricular nodes of
      EDTA and EGTA caused sinus bradycardia and later sinus arrest within 1 min after
      introduction of the drugs. For substitution of the sinus rhythm junctional
      (seldom lower atrial) escape rhythm developed. One to two minutes later it was
      followed by atrial premature beats and even later atrial flutter and fibrillation
      could be recorded. In one third of the cases atrial fibrillation was followed by
      secondary ventricular fibrillation. Atrio-ventricular impulse conduction was
      prolonged in the av node by EDTA and EGTA. Atrial action potentials and the slow
      (Ca dependent) ventricular action potentials were depressed by EDTA and EGTA.

PMID- 6821020
TI  - Mother to young transmission of Brucella abortus infection in mouse model.
AB  - Pregnant mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 2 X 10(5) B. abortus strain
      544 (Weybridge), or with one of its two mutant strains, at day 7 of pregnancy.
      Transmission of brucellosis to infant mice was assessed by enumeration of
      brucella in spleen, liver and lungs at autopsy. Newborns, taken before any
      suckling were either autopsied or given to foster nurses, either infected or
      normal. Infant mice were autopsied at days 10, 20 and 30. Sixty per cent of the
      newborns were infected at birth. Infection was of low intensity and mainly
      localized in liver. Infection persisted at the same frequency whatever infection
      status of the nurses and without any sign of illness. Contact infection of infant
      mice born from infected or normal dams by suckling milk from infected nurses was
      observed only on one infant mouse out of 114 controlled. However, intensity and
      location of infection depended on age and on infection status of the nurses.
      Intensity of liver infection decreased with age. Splenic infection increased both
      in frequency and intensity with age. Intensity increased more rapidly on infant
      mice bred by normal non-infected nurses. Lung infection increased both in
      frequency and intensity when infant mice were bred by infected nurses whereas,
      between 20 and 30 days, this lung infection decreased and disappeared when infant
      mice were bred by normal nurses.

PMID- 6821022
TI  - Epidemiological and immunobiological implications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      epidemiological markers.

PMID- 6821019
TI  - [Parenteral alimentation in general surgery].

PMID- 6821023
TI  - Serum complement values in healthy and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
      children determined immunochemically and immunohaemolytically.

PMID- 6821021
TI  - Antigenic variations among calf diarrhea coronaviruses by immunodiffusion and
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - The antigenic relationship among five bovine coronavirus isolates was studied
      using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and immunodiffusion (ID) techniques.
      By CIE, two precipitating antigens were observed for each coronavirus isolate.
      One antigen identified as the "M" coronaviral antigen was found to be common to
      the five isolates while the second antigen identified as the "m" coronaviral
      antigen differed between the isolates. Considering the later antigen, the
      isolates studied were placed in two antigenic groups, members of the same group
      being indistinguishable for the two antigens. By ID, reactions of partial
      identity were noted between viruses of the different groups.

PMID- 6821025
TI  - Basal motility of dilated and non-dilated sigmoid colon and rectum in Chagas'
      disease.
AB  - The basal motility of the sigmoid colon and rectum was evaluated manometrically
      over 3 consecutive 10-minute periods in 29 control subjects, 14 chagasic patients
      without megacolon, and 32 chagasic patients with megacolon. The results indicated
      that the sigmoid colon of both chagasic groups had a lower motility index and
      lower wave frequency than that of the controls. Reduced wave frequency was
      observed in the rectum of patients with megacolon, out the rectum of the chagasic
      patients without megacolon showed manometric characteristics similar to those for
      the controls. The abnormalities observed were attributed to intramural
      denervation of the viscera under study. Waves of long duration were observed very
      frequently in megacolon, and were assumed to be caused by dilatation in itself
      and not by abnormal contraction of muscle fibers.

PMID- 6821024
TI  - Malnutrition and malabsorption.
AB  - Malnutrition and diarrhea constitute a binomial practically inseparable where the
      factors of the environmental contamination act in a decisive way to trigger the
      symptoms due to the derangements in the digestive-absorptive process. Fecal flora
      bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel lumen induces innumerous modification in
      the intestinal microecology causing morpohological lesions and bile salt
      deconjugation and all together leads to decrease of the intestinal absorptive
      surface, glucose malabsorption, and sodium secretion. These morphological and
      functional derangements due to the unfavorable environmental conditions
      constitute the picture designated tropical enteropathy, and the intensity of the
      symptoms are dependent upon various factors including individual susceptibility.

PMID- 6821026
TI  - [Diverticulum of the rectum: report of a case].

PMID- 6821027
TI  - [Oral lead intake; its importance in the evaluation of man's exposure to this
      toxic agent].

PMID- 6821028
TI  - [Antigenic relationships between hepatitis type B and primary carcinoma of the
      liver].

PMID- 6821029
TI  - [Microbiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycoplasma infections].

PMID- 6821030
TI  - [Survey on efficacy of inoculating purified polysaccharide vaccines as an
      emergency measure in preventing epidemic meningitis].

PMID- 6821031
TI  - [Tests on susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients'
      cerebrospinal fluid to antimicrobial agents].

PMID- 6821032
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea with special reference to rosoxacin in the
      treatment of a multi-resistant case.

PMID- 6821033
TI  - Zinc deficiency dermatitis accompanying parenteral nutrition supplemented with
      trace elements.
AB  - Zinc deficiency dermatitis in a patient on long-term total parenteral nutrition
      (TPN) with trace-element supplementation is reported, and the therapeutic aspects
      of zinc deficiency are reviewed. A 36-year-old white man was hospitalized and
      found to have a small-bowel perforation secondary to internal herniation. Small
      bowel resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and TPN supplemented
      with folic acid, multivitamins, trace elements (including elemental zinc 2
      mg/day), and fat was begun. Four months later, the patient developed a moist,
      erythematous, painful groin rash that did not respond to one month of topical
      antifungal and topical and intravenous antibacterial treatment. At five months
      after admission, zinc deficiency was suspected; serum zinc concentration was 85
      micrograms/dl (normal = 55-150 micrograms/dl). The total daily zinc dose was
      increased to 60 mg, and within two days the patient's lesions began to improve.
      The rash healed within two weeks. Six days after increased zinc therapy was
      begun, lab tests showed: hair zinc content, 185 micrograms/g (normal = 163
      micrograms/g); serum zinc content, 90 micrograms/dl; and erythrocyte zinc
      content, 1058 micrograms/dl (normal = 1100-1400 micrograms/dl). Signs and
      symptoms of zinc deficiency, zinc disposition in man, predisposing factors to
      zinc deficiency, laboratory analysis of zinc nutriture, zinc therapy, and zinc
      toxicity are discussed. Knowledge of drug use, diet, geographic location,
      underlying disease, and other patient-specific factors is important in
      recognizing the patient at risk of developing zinc deficiency. Several tests
      should be performed to document zinc deficiency. Zinc replacement guidelines are
      outlined.

PMID- 6821034
TI  - Severe paranoia with concomitant tocainide and propranolol therapy.

PMID- 6821035
TI  - Effects of three antacids on the bioavailability of valproic acid.
AB  - The effects of three antacid products on the bioavailability of valproic acid
      were evaluated. Each of seven normal, healthy volunteers received a 500-mg dose
      of valproic acid alone on one occasion and then with each of three commonly used
      antacids. Specifically, equal neutralizing capacity doses of 160 meq of Maalox
      (62 ml), Trisogel (97 ml), or Titralac (42 ml) were administered one and three
      hours after meals and at bedtime on the same day. Blood samples were obtained at
      0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 32 hours and analyzed for valproic acid by gas
      liquid chromatography. There was a significant increase in total area under the
      curve (AUC) (range 3% to 28%, mean 12%) when valproic acid was administered with
      Maalox (p = 0.026 for total AUC and p = 0.009 for AUC to 32 hours). There was an
      insignificant trend toward an increase in AUC when valproic acid was administered
      with the other two antacids. No differences were observed in time to peak serum
      concentration, height of peak serum concentration, volume of distribution, half
      life, or first order elimination rate constant. Caution should be exercised if
      valproic acid and antacids are administered concomitantly.

PMID- 6821036
TI  - Effect of enteral nutrition on warfarin therapy.

PMID- 6821037
TI  - Hyperammonia encephalopathy in a patient receiving essential amino acid/dextrose
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6821039
TI  - Du antigen among Africans in Dar es Salaam.

PMID- 6821040
TI  - Use of hexyl isocyanate antigen to detect antibodies to hexamethylene
      diisocyanate (HDI) in sensitized guinea pigs and in a sensitized worker.
AB  - Hypersensitivity to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) has been reported following
      occupational exposure. Diagnosis of sensitivity is usually made from clinical
      evaluation of symptomatology. An in vitro serologic assay for HDI sensitivity was
      developed by immunizing guinea pigs with HDI and with hexyl isocyanate (HMI).
      Animals injected intradermally with HMI produced hapten-specific antibodies
      whereas guinea pigs injected with HDI produced antibodies specific for larger
      determinants which included the HDI hapten. The larger determinants were assumed
      to be composed of portions of "self" molecules which reacted in vivo with HDI.
      Serum albumin appeared to be one such molecule. No cross reactions were noted
      between antibodies to HDI and another widely used industrial isocyanate, toluene
      diisocyanate (TDI). Antigens effective in detecting antibodies to HDI or HMI were
      tested for ability to detect reaginic antibodies in a worker with clinical "HDI"
      asthma. Using a radioimmunoassay (RAST), antibodies reacted with conjugates
      containing either HDI or HMI as haptens. In addition, the prevalance of HDI
      polyisocyanates (Desmodur N) in spray paints prompted its use as a hapten.
      Antibodies reacted with Desmodur N antigen conjugates in RAST. RAST inhibition
      further indicated that Desmodur N antigen reacted more readily with the patient's
      antibodies than did HDI or HMI antigens. These results suggest that the patient
      may have been exposed to HDI polyisocyanates in spray paint application. Use of
      Rast inhibition for diagnosis of sensitivity may indicate the precise sensitizing
      agent within a mixture.

PMID- 6821038
TI  - Use of oral cromolyn sodium in systemic mastocytosis.

PMID- 6821041
TI  - Dose-dependent disposition of n-hexane in F-344 rats after inhalation exposure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the disposition of radioactivity in rats
      after single inhalation exposures to varying concentrations of [1,2-14C]-n
      hexane. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 500, 1000, 3000 or 10,000 ppm 14C-n
      hexane for 6 hr and the elimination of radioactivity followed for 72 hr after
      exposure. The disposition of radioactivity was dose-dependent, with 12, 24, 38
      and 62% of the acquired body burden excreted as n-hexane by the lung with
      increasing exposure concentration. In contrast, 38, 31, 27 and 18% of the body
      burden of radioactivity was recovered as expired 14CO2 and 35, 40, 31 and 18% was
      recovered in the urine with increasing n-hexane concentration. Radioactivity
      remaining in the tissues and carcass 72 hr after exposure represented 6.1, 8.8,
      7.4 and 5.4% of the body burden for the respective exposures. The dose-dependent
      elimination of radioactivity was apparently due in part to an inhibition of n
      hexane metabolism, reflected by a decrease in total 14CO2 and urinary 14C
      excretion after 10,000 ppm exposure compared to the 3000 ppm exposure.

PMID- 6821042
TI  - Toxicologic and reproductive effects of inhaled 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in
      male rabbits.
AB  - Groups of 10 male New Zealand white rabbits were exposed by inhalation to 0, 0.1,
      1.0 or 10 ppm of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) vapor for 6 hours/day, 5
      days/week for 14 weeks, except that the 10 ppm group was exposed for only 8 weeks
      due to mortality. The semen of rabbits was evaluated on a weekly basis during the
      exposure period and at periodic intervals during a recovery period (32 weeks for
      all groups except the 10 ppm groups which was for 38 weeks). In order to assess
      the fertility of the exposed rabbits, each male was allowed to mate with an
      unexposed female at the 14th and 41st week of the study. Exposure of rabbits to 1
      and 10 ppm of DBCP by inhalation produced adverse reproductive effects as well as
      decreases in sperm count, motility and viability. Rabbits treated at 1 and 10 ppm
      had decreased sperm counts between the 8th and 14th weeks of the study. All of
      the 10 ppm rabbits were infertile when mated during the 14th week. The effects of
      DBCP on spermatogenesis were shown to be essentially reversible in rabbits
      exposed to 1 ppm; however, at 10 ppm, recovery was not complete under the
      conditions of the test. Rabbits exposed to 10 ppm had severe testicular
      alterations as early as 4 weeks into the study and these progressed to severe
      testicular atrophy by 8 weeks. Those exposed to 1 ppm for 14 weeks developed
      moderate testicular atrophy (approximately 50% reduction in size). Following the
      recovery period, the rabbits in the 10 ppm group had evidence of partial
      reversibility of the testicular atrophy. Electron microscopic evaluation of
      testicular tissue confirmed findings by light microscopy effects and also
      indicated increased numbers of abnormal sperm within the seminiferous tubules of
      rabbits at both the 10 and 1 ppm exposure levels. Those exposed to 0.1 ppm had an
      equivocal increase in abnormal sperm after the 14-week exposure period but not
      after the recovery period. Based on these results 0.1 ppm level of DBCP is
      considered as a no effect level for reproductive parameters.

PMID- 6821043
TI  - [The use of oral futraful as secondary treatment of patients with metastatic
      carcinoma].

PMID- 6821044
TI  - In vitro investigation of Rh antibodies in pregnant women.
AB  - Seventeen Rh negative pregnant women who had Rhesus alloantibodies were
      investigated serologically. The antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      against target Rhesus positive human erythrocytes was determined. The
      investigation was repeated in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy
      and after delivery. There was no correlation between ADCC and antibody titre. The
      antibody titre and the cytotoxic index increased during pregnancy, but the
      cytotoxic index decreased after delivery. The cytotoxic index showed individual
      characteristics and was quite independent of the titre of anti-D. There was no
      correlation between the heavy chain type of anti-D and the cytotoxic index. Our
      data suggest that the individual variations during pregnancy of the supposed
      cytotoxic antibody acting together with anti-D play an important role in
      pregnancy and delivery.

PMID- 6821045
TI  - Notes on the mechanism of action of the serum factor from women with toxicoses of
      early and late pregnancy and habitual abortions.

PMID- 6821046
TI  - Blood transfusion effect on the biosynthesis of porphyrins and hemoglobin in
      patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment.

PMID- 6821047
TI  - Porphyrin biosynthesis disorders in persons occupationally exposed to chronic
      lead effect.

PMID- 6821048
TI  - Atenolol treatment of arterial hypertension.

PMID- 6821049
TI  - Classical leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity in the serum of patients with
      acute and chronic leukoses.

PMID- 6821050
TI  - Familial investigations in persons with obesity.

PMID- 6821051
TI  - Radioisotope synoviorthosis of the knee joint--a study of one hundred cases.

PMID- 6821052
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in psoriasis patients.

PMID- 6821053
TI  - Assessment of ammonia and urea blood content in metabolic acid-base disorders in
      white rats.

PMID- 6821054
TI  - Assessment of some morpho-functional myocardial parameters and gasoerythron in
      the "endocrine kidney" after Selye.

PMID- 6821055
TI  - Alkaloids from Corydalis solida (L.) swarz.

PMID- 6821056
TI  - Cytological and cytochemical changes in reactive connective tissue cells
      following exposure to phosdrin.

PMID- 6821057
TI  - On the capillaroscopic picture in systemic scleroderma.

PMID- 6821058
TI  - Roentgenological changes in the esophagus in systemic scleroderma.

PMID- 6821059
TI  - A method of n. hypoglossus conductivity measurement.

PMID- 6821060
TI  - Cytochemical assessment of the activity of nonspecific esterases in blasts of
      acute leukemia patients.

PMID- 6821061
TI  - Demonstration of withdrawal syndrome after the use of some antiepileptic agents.

PMID- 6821062
TI  - Cytochemical assessment of naphthol-AS-D-chloracetate esterase activity in
      patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML).

PMID- 6821063
TI  - [Ophthalmologic and computerized tomographic findings in phakomatoses].

PMID- 6821066
TI  - The cost of health care.

PMID- 6821067
TI  - The aged in America.

PMID- 6821068
TI  - The state rate-setting model: long-range solution or short-term expedient?
      Reviews: a hospital financial officer.

PMID- 6821069
TI  - The state rate-setting model: long-range solution or short-term expedient?
      Reviews: a state hospital association.

PMID- 6821070
TI  - Health costs outstrip the GNP.

PMID- 6821074
TI  - Reviews: a state rate-setting commission.

PMID- 6821073
TI  - The state rate-setting model: long-range solution or short-term expedient?
      Issues, evidence, and the policymaker's dilemma.

PMID- 6821076
TI  - Gastric secretion in patients with cirrhosis of liver.

PMID- 6821075
TI  - Some observations on the problem of recovery of function following brain damage.
AB  - Functional restitution following brain damage can occur either because of a
      return of the original function or because of compensatory changes involving
      functional substitution. In any study of post-traumatic recovery it is important
      to use an experimental model which can discriminate between these separate
      mechanisms. Recovery from unilateral frontal eye-field damage was used as a model
      in both monkeys and rats. In particular, the role of the intact hemisphere in the
      recovery process was examined. Section of the corpus callosum was found to
      restore the original visual neglect both in monkey and in rat; indicating that
      that recovery was due to adaptation mechanisms in the intact hemisphere. Pseudo
      recovery that was seen on occasion in monkeys was not a return of the original
      control processes, but was an improvement due to the adoption of new behavioural
      strategies.

PMID- 6821077
TI  - The correctability of the nutritional, immune, and hematopoietic manifestations
      of protein calorie malnutrition in the elderly.
AB  - Protein calorie malnutrition is being recognized with greater frequency in the
      hospitalized patient. This report describes the clinical presentation and
      response to nutritional therapy in nine elderly malnourished patients ranging
      from 73 to 95 years. Clinical features of malnutrition include weight loss,
      confusion, hypoalbuminemia (mean 2.8 gm/dl), a low total iron binding capacity
      (TIBC) (mean 192 micrograms/dl), anergy, lymphocytopenia (mean 1 X 10(3)
      cells/microliter) and an anemia (mean 9.0 gm/dl). Our subjects were followed for
      42 days. In two, hyperalimentation was achieved by voluntary food intake and
      polymeric dietary supplements. In seven, feeding for 21 days via nasogastric tube
      was required. After three weeks, weight gain, decreased confusion, improved
      appetite and mobility, and significant increases in serum albumin and TIBC were
      seen. At that time, no subject was anergic and lymphocyte counts increased
      significantly. Increase in the serum iron and percent saturation was noted, and
      by day 42, a significant elevation in the hemoglobin occurred. As a measure of
      stem cell function, the committed granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (CFU-C)
      was quantitated in four subjects prior to and following 21 days of nutritional
      support. A marked increase in CFU-C number from a mean of 0.1 X 10(7) cells/kg to
      a normal value of 0.85 X 10(7) cells/kg was seen. Thus in addition to correcting
      the nutritional deficit, hyperalimentation returned immune and hematopoietic
      abnormalities to near normal levels. While improvement could reflect recovery
      from an associated disease, it is just as likely that correction of malnutrition,
      a well-recognized cause of these immunologic and hematopoietic abnormalities,
      accounted for the response. These observations emphasize the importance of
      recognizing malnutrition in the elderly and highlight the need for a careful
      nutritional assessment prior to ascribing hematologic and immunologic
      abnormalities to the aging process.

PMID- 6821078
TI  - The efficacy of nutritional support in the elderly.
AB  - One hundred two consecutively nutritionally supported patients were studied to
      determine the effect of age on the response to nutritional support and outcome of
      hospital stay. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 37)
      consisted of all patients under 65 years of age, and group 2 (n = 65) consisted
      of patients 65 years of age and older. All patients underwent a complete
      nutritional assessment prior to the initiation of nutritional support and weekly
      thereafter. The patients' somatic compartments were assessed using weight, arm
      muscle circumference, creatinine height index, and triceps skinfold thickness.
      The visceral compartments were assessed using serum albumin level, transferrin
      total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level, and total lymphocyte count. Nitrogen
      balance was evaluated and cell-mediated immunity was determined using a standard
      battery of antigens. The patients' nutritional assessment parameters at the start
      of therapy were compared with those at discharge or death and correlated with
      outcome of hospital stay. The difference in crude mortality rates between the two
      groups was statistically significant; however, there was no significant
      difference between the type and degree of nutritional depletion and mean length
      of nutritional therapy between the two groups. There was also no significant
      difference between the degree of improvement or maintenance of somatic or
      visceral parameters, nitrogen balance, or cell-mediated immunity between the two
      groups. It is therefore concluded that age alone is not a deterrent to the use of
      aggressive nutritional support in the elderly.

PMID- 6821079
TI  - Acute oral toxicity of butyl nitrite.
AB  - Butyl nitrite is present in consumer products subject to abuse by inhalation.
      When inhaled, intense peripheral vasodilation and tachycardia ensue, described by
      users as a 'rush'. When ingested, toxic sequelae include methemoglobinemia and
      hypokinetic anoxia. The median lethal oral dose to rats of this compound is, with
      95% confidence, 83 +/- 3.5 mg kg-1.

PMID- 6821080
TI  - The effect of daily oral dosing with ngaione for 7 weeks on the liver of the rat.

PMID- 6821081
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity and toxicity studies of patulin in the rat.
AB  - Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of Penicillium and Aspergillus
      species which are likely natural contaminants of various foods. The present study
      was conducted to determine the effects of lifetime administration of patulin in
      FDRL Wistar rats. Animals received patulin by gastric intubation three times per
      week at the level of 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg per kg body weight. The animals
      used in this lifetime study were derived from F0 parents exposed to equivalent
      levels of patulin for 4 weeks before mating, and throughout mating, gestation and
      lactation. Patulin treatment at 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 to male rats caused a
      significant decrease in body weight gain in comparison to controls. Body weights
      of treated female rats were similar to that of control rats. No consistent
      significant differences among groups were noted in the hematology, clinical
      chemistry or urine analysis parameters measured during or at the termination of
      the study. Patulin administered to male and female rats at 1.5 mg kg-1 caused a
      significantly increased mortality rate as compared to respective control animals.
      The cause of death appeared to be increased pulmonary and laryngotracheal
      inflammation. No tumorigenic effect of patulin was observed.

PMID- 6821082
TI  - Comparative studies on the distribution of gold, copper and zinc in the livers
      and kidneys of rats and hamsters after treatment with sodium [195Au]
      aurothiomalate.
AB  - The distribution of gold, copper and zinc in the livers and kidneys of female
      rats and hamsters was determined after intraperitoneal injection of sodium
      [195Au]-aurothiomalate. After five doses of sodium [195Au]-aurothiomalate (1 mg
      Au(I) per kg body weight), the hepatic and renal concentrations of Au were
      greater in rats than in hamsters. In the former species, treatment with the Au(I)
      compound led to an increase in the Cu-concentration of the kidney and to the
      synthesis of a (Cu, Au)-metallothionein. In either species binding of Au to the
      hepatic metallothionein was insignificant. The renal (Cu, Au)-metallothionein
      from the sodium [195Au]-aurothiomalate-treated rat appeared to be extremely
      heterogeneous and was resolved into at least four components on ion exchange
      chromatography.

PMID- 6821084
TI  - The effect of rifampicin on meningococcal carriage in family contacts in northern
      Nigeria.

PMID- 6821083
TI  - Detection of antibodies reactive with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in secretions on
      extra-genital surfaces.

PMID- 6821085
TI  - Prolonged persistence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a patient with
      hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6821086
TI  - Co-trimoxazole, creatinine and renal function.

PMID- 6821087
TI  - Meningococcaemia: current concepts in prophylaxis.

PMID- 6821088
TI  - Increased adherence to human epithelial cells of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains.

PMID- 6821089
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in primary herpes infections.

PMID- 6821090
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the erythema multiforme--Stevens Johnson syndrome.

PMID- 6821092
TI  - Meningococcal disease in England and Wales 1978-79--a change in the serotype
      pattern.

PMID- 6821091
TI  - Sporadic non A non B hepatitis in Birmingham.

PMID- 6821093
TI  - Is there a genetic immune defect in families with meningococcal meningitis?

PMID- 6821094
TI  - Effect of Neisseria meningitidis group A polysaccharide vaccine on nasopharyngeal
      carrier rates.

PMID- 6821096
TI  - The pathogenesis of gonorrhoea.

PMID- 6821095
TI  - Presumed sexual transmission of meningococci.

PMID- 6821098
TI  - Typing of non-serogroupable Neisseria meningitidis by means of sensitivity to R
      type pyocines of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6821097
TI  - N-acetylcysteine potentiates the anti-pseudomonas activity of carbenicillin in
      vitro.

PMID- 6821099
TI  - The contribution of diffusible toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the
      pathogenesis of experimental pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6821100
TI  - Isolation of C. diphtheriae gravis in Leeds.

PMID- 6821102
TI  - A laboratory-acquired infection with Neisseria meningitidis.

PMID- 6821101
TI  - Respiratory infections on longstay wards.

PMID- 6821103
TI  - Presumed sexual transmission of meningococci.

PMID- 6821105
TI  - [Evaluation of regional wall motion of the left ventricle before and after
      nitroglycerin administration in patients with ischemic heart disease: comparison
      between two-dimensional echocardiograms and coronary angiograms].
AB  - Effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on segmental wall motion and pump function of the
      left ventricle (LV) were studied in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD)
      and 10 normal controls by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and coronary
      arteriography (CAG). Short-axis cross-sectional images of the LV at the mitral
      valve, papillary muscles and the apex were recorded and subdivided into quadrants
      at each level. The center of gravity of the end-diastolic LV cavity and the axis
      intersecting this point and the right side of the posterior end of the
      interventricular septum were used as the reference point and line. The areas of
      whole sections and of each quadrant at end-diastole (Ad) and end-systole (As)
      were measured by the computer. Regional contractility and pump function of the LV
      were evaluated by (Ad-As)/Ad and (Ad-As) of quadrants and sections. The results
      were as follows: Blood pressure (BP), Ad and (Ad-As) of sections significantly
      decreased after NTG administration. (Ad-As)/Ad of the sections with normal wall
      motion showed no significant change after NTG. (Ad-As)/Ad of the quadrants with
      hypokinetic segmental wall motion showed a tendency to increase after NTG in
      contrast with the normal quadrants which showed no significant change. CAG
      findings and hemodynamic parameters in patients who showed a significant increase
      in (Ad-As)/Ad of all sections after NTG (Gr. I) were compared with those in
      patients who showed a decrease in (Ad-As)/Ad of all sections (Gr. II). There was
      no significant correlation between CAG findings in Gr. I and Gr. II. The only
      difference between these two groups before NTG was that mean Ad of sections in
      Gr. I was significantly greater than that of Gr. II. After NTG, Gr. I showed a
      significant decrease of BP, but Gr. II did not show any significant change. (Ad
      As) of sections in Gr. I increased or showed no change after NTG, but those in
      Gr. II decreased. In conclusion, NTG can reverse wall motion asynergy, especially
      in hypokinetic segments, and produce favorable changes in pump function in
      patients with increased Ad before NTG. The mechanism of NTG to improve wall
      motion and pump function is considered to be afterload and preload reduction.

PMID- 6821104
TI  - [Echocardiographic manifestations of the heart in the Hunter syndrome: report of
      a case].
AB  - Cardiac involvement of mucopolysaccharidosis has not been well characterized by
      echocardiography. In this paper, we reported a case of Hunter syndrome with
      special reference to the noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac anomalies. A 21-year
      old male of Hunter syndrome was referred to our noninvasive laboratory for the
      evaluation of his heart murmurs. He was strikingly dwarfed, 115 cm in height and
      28 kg in weight, and had apparently Gargoyle-like facial appearance. Physical
      examination disclosed a mild funnel chest and a loud systolic murmur. Blood
      pressure was 98/56 mmHg and regular pulse rate was 100/min. The chest X-ray film
      revealed a shift of the heart to the left with a prominent pulmonary artery
      segment. There were no signs of pulmonary congestion. The electrocardiogram
      demonstrated right axis deviation, clockwise rotation and left atrial overload.
      In phonocardiograms, a basal ejection and an apical scratchy systolic murmurs
      were recorded. The latter was associated with a presystolic murmur and a loud
      first heart sound. A loud pulmonary second heart sound was also present.
      Outstanding findings were observed in the two-dimensional and M-mode
      echocardiograms, which showed remarkable thickening of both mitral valve leaflets
      with reduced opening. There was also generalized thickening of tricuspid and
      aortic valves, and endocardium of the free ventricular wall. Two leaflets of the
      tricuspid valve were visualized to prolapse, but the aortic valve motion appeared
      intact. In addition, echocardiograms revealed the dilatation of right-sided
      cardiac chambers and pulmonary artery, but the size of the left ventricle was
      rather small. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography demonstrated systolic turbulence in
      the right atrium in the vicinity of the tricuspid valve orifice. Stenotic
      turbulence was also recorded in the inflow tract of the left ventricle during
      diastole. Thus, the final diagnosis of predominant mitral stenosis associated
      with tricuspid valve prolapse and pulmonary hypertension was obtained. In
      conclusion, cardiac involvements in Hunter syndrome were precisely evaluated by
      noninvasive methods. Hunter syndrome may be considered as one of the etiologies
      producing mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6821106
TI  - Cardiac arrest in two children with nonfamilial chronic intestinal
      pseudoobstruction on total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - Two children with nonfamilial chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction are reported.
      Both had no family history. They had an exploratory laparotomy to rule out
      mechanical intestinal obstruction, and required long-term parenteral nutrition to
      obtain sufficient nutrients. These two children had dilatation of the whole
      length of the small intestine, which differs from short segmental dilatation
      (megaduodenum) in patients with familial chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction.
      There were also differences in the histology of the gastrointestinal tract
      between these two patients although they had similar clinical manifestations.
      Both patients died from cardiac arrest, one after 2 years and the other after 4
      months on long-term parenteral hyperalimentation. At autopsy, heart examination
      was normal in one patient, and a small infarction (0.4 mm diameter) was found in
      the other. Although mild hypokalemia was found in one case, and mild hyperkalemia
      in the other, the cause of cardiac arrest in these two children is not known.

PMID- 6821107
TI  - Clotted feeding tubes associated with transpyloric feeding of premature infant
      formula.

PMID- 6821108
TI  - Comparison of acquired monosaccharide intolerance and acute diarrheal syndrome.
AB  - In a retrospective study, 9% of the admissions to Ben Taub General Hospital for
      diarrhea were found to have acquired monosaccharide intolerance (AMI). The course
      of AMI was compared with that of acute diarrheal syndrome (ADS). The patients
      with AMI were younger at the time of admission, and, although the mean
      birthweight and percent of prematurity were approximately the same in the two
      groups, the AMI patients were found to be malnourished (p less than 0.02). Data
      suggest that the nutritional insult had occurred between birth and admission, and
      that malnutrition was a contributing factor in the development of AMI.

PMID- 6821109
TI  - Comparison of the pediatric Broviac silastic catheter with a standard no. 3
      French silastic catheter for central venous alimentation.
AB  - Two No. 3 French silastic central venous catheters designed for infants, a
      pediatric Broviac catheter, and a standard infant catheter were used in 41 (group
      I) and 33 infants (group II), respectively, to compare the effectiveness of each
      in providing access to the central venous circulation. Group I patients used 52
      Broviac catheters or 1.2 catheters per patient for an average of 75 days per
      catheter. Thirty-five patients had one catheter placed. Group II patients had 66
      catheters or 2.0 catheters per patient for an average of 45 days per catheter.
      One episode of sepsis occurred for every 1,950 days of usage in group I, but in
      group II, one episode occurred every 750 days. Eight of 52 catheter placements in
      group I were associated with localized infections at the catheter insertion site,
      but this was the case with only two of 66 catheters in group II. Dislodgement of
      the catheter occurred four times as frequently in group II as compared with group
      I. Repair of cracked catheters was successfully completed in 90% of those in
      group I, but none in group II. The pediatric Broviac catheter proved to be more
      durable than a standard No. 3 French silastic catheter.

PMID- 6821110
TI  - Prolonged neonatal jaundice: a manifestation of heterozygote state for Crigler-
      Najjar syndrome?
AB  - A prolonged but transient neonatal jaundice due to unconjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia was observed in two unrelated babies who were siblings of
      patients with Crigler--Najjar disease (Arias type I). The bilirubin-UDP
      glucuronyl transferase activity measured in the liver of both patients, at the
      age of 6 and 7 months, respectively, was found to be low, suggesting a permanent
      deficiency in bilirubin glucuronidation, which might be the expression of a
      heterozygote state.

PMID- 6821111
TI  - Control of brush border enzymes by dexamethasone in the fetal rat intestine
      cultured in vitro.
AB  - The effect of dexamethasone (DX) on the prenatal maturation of rat intestinal
      brush border enzymes was studied in organ culture. Jejunal segments were
      explanted daily from day 17 of gestation until birth, as well as at different
      postnatal stages until day 6; they were cultured for 48 h with or without DX (8 X
      10(-8) M). Enzymatic activities were analyzed on brush border membranes purified
      from cultured intestines and were compared with values from uncultured specimens.
      The results showed that DX elicited (a) a precocious induction of sucrase
      activity in the jejunum explanted from 19 days of gestation onward, reaching a
      peak value when taken at birth; (b) a stimulation of maltase activity in the
      segments explanted as soon as day 18, leading to maximal values when taken at day
      20, the stage at which the stimulated activity reached a 6.5-fold increase over
      the baseline activity; and (c) an increase of lactase activity comparable to that
      occurring in utero. As opposed to this, DX has no specific action on alkaline
      phosphatase and aminopeptidase activities. The present data indicate that
      glucocorticoids directly and specifically influence the prenatal maturation of
      some brush border enzymes in the mammalian gut.

PMID- 6821112
TI  - Stimulation of small bowel mucosal growth by midgut infusion of different sugars
      in rats maintained by total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6821115
TI  - Serum phosphorus in protein energy malnutrition.
AB  - Phosphorus depletion in malnutrition has not generally received attention. Serum
      phosphorus was measured in healthy infants (1.8 mmol/L), in well-nourished
      infants with acute dehydrating gastroenteritis, and in infants suffering from
      malnutrition. Serum phosphorus levels were found to be low in well-nourished
      infants with acute dehydrating gastroenteritis (1.32 mmol/L) an exceptionally low
      in infants with kwashiorkor (1.10 mmol/L) especially when the latter condition
      was accompanied by severe diarrhoea (0.66 mmol/L). Hypophosphatemia, as well as
      hypokalemia, was associated with marked hypotonia. Low levels of serum phosphorus
      occurred in nine of the 10 malnourished children who died.

PMID- 6821113
TI  - Intestinal bypass in the rat: a model for growth failure, liver disease, and
      jejunal bacterial overgrowth in marasmus and kwashiorkor.
AB  - The role of small intestinal bacterial colonisation on growth, liver function,
      and survival was examined in young rats, by comparing the effects of 90% small
      intestinal resection (resulting in nutritional disturbance from loss of
      absorptive surface) with equivalent small intestinal bypass (where the
      nutritional disturbance is accompanied by bacterial overgrowth in the long
      bypassed segment of jejunoileum). Weight loss in bypass rats was double that seen
      in resected animals. This was not due to enhanced malabsorption, but was the
      result of reduced food intake. In addition, bypass rats developed hepatocellular
      dysfunction, the early onset of hypoproteinaemia (occasionally accompanied by
      ascites), and had high mortality. Adverse effects were due to bacterial
      overgrowth in the long excluded segment of small bowel, as they were modified by
      antibacterial drugs, and were not seen in rats with nutritional disturbance
      (resection) alone, which adapted well and had negligible postoperative mortality.
      Persistent bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine can adversely affect the
      host's appetite, growth, liver function, and survival. These abnormalities, which
      developed shortly after intestinal bypass in the rat, are reminiscent of marasmus
      and kwashiorkor, and suggest that bacterial overgrowth, rather than dietary
      deficiency, may be primarily responsible for the development of infant
      "malnutrition" in the developing world.

PMID- 6821116
TI  - Bacteremia in children following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or colonoscopy.
AB  - Fifty children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 25 undergoing
      colonoscopy were studied prospectively with aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures
      for the development of bacteremia. Twenty-six of the endoscopies and all the
      colonoscopies were done under general anesthesia. Cultures were obtained before,
      at 5 min, and at 30 min after the procedure. Only a single positive blood culture
      was obtained in an upper endoscopy patient. All cultures from the colonoscopy
      patients were negative. Biopsy or polypectomy were not important variables in the
      development of bacteremia. It is concluded that the risk of bacteremia in
      children following upper endoscopy or colonoscopy is minimal and should not be
      considered a contraindication to their performance.

PMID- 6821117
TI  - Clinical associations of stool astrovirus in childhood.
AB  - From among 1,248 stool specimens examined during the 2-year period, February 1979
      to February 1981, astrovirus was detected by electron microscopy in 42 specimens
      from 28 children. Diarrhoea was an invariable clinical feature; vomiting occurred
      in 18 children, abdominal pain in 7, and mild dehydration in 5. Fourteen of the
      children with acute diarrhoea were admitted directly to the gastroenteritis unit.
      The other 14 children developed their acute diarrhoea sometime after hospital
      admission. Although the excretion of astrovirus was associated with mild
      gastroenteritis, the presence of other enteric pathogens in 16 of the 28 children
      limited the degree to which the clinical symptoms could be attributed to
      astrovirus alone. Transient monosaccharide intolerance lasting 1 to 2 days
      occurred in 18 children, and cow's milk protein intolerance requiring milk
      elimination for several months was a sequel in 3 children.

PMID- 6821114
TI  - Delivery of vitamins E and C from parenteral alimentation solution.
AB  - We have previously shown that substantial losses of fat-soluble (FS) vitamin A
      from parenteral alimentation solution occur due to adsorption in the intravenous
      tubing and photodegradation in the bottle. This study assessed the delivery of
      other vitamins, viz, FS vitamin E and water-soluble (WS) vitamin C, from
      parenteral alimentation solution. The solution containing 2.0 ml/L of an aqueous
      multivitamin infusion was infused at a constant rate of 10 ml/h using a standard
      intravenous administration set. Multiple aliquots of the solution from the bottle
      and the effluent obtained sequentially in a 24-h period were analyzed for
      concentrations of vitamins E and C. Both vitamins remained relatively stable in
      the bottle. A significant amount (12%) of vitamin E was lost in the intravenous
      tubing. No losses of vitamin C were incurred in the intravenous tubing. The data
      suggest that delivery of FS vitamin E from parenteral alimentation solutions is
      less than optimum because of adsorptive losses. Similar losses are not
      encountered with WS vitamin C.

PMID- 6821118
TI  - Human mononuclear cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward red
      blood cells of various Rh genotypes.

PMID- 6821119
TI  - Is diphenoloxidase a constitutive enzyme in Mycobacterium leprae?

PMID- 6821122
TI  - Nursing aspects of tube feeding.

PMID- 6821120
TI  - The correlation of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      activities in human lymphocytes subpopulations and in various lymphoid
      malignancies.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) were measured
      in normal human and in malignant lymphoid cells. Thymocytes had high ADA activity
      (21.2 +/- 6.8 10(3) nM/h/mg) and low PNP activity (1.2 +/- 0.6), whereas T
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) had low ADA activity (1.20 +/- 0.22) and high
      PNP activity (2.8 +/- 1.3). Moreover cortico-thymocytes had higher ADA and lower
      PNP levels than medullary thymocytes. A linear correlation was observed between
      ADA and PNP activities in both thymocytes and T-PBL. Cells from 13 patients with
      T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 10 patients with T lymphoblastic
      lymphoma (LL) had very high levels of ADA (respectively 13.0 +/- 5.4 and 22.8 +/-
      14) and low levels of PNP (respectively 1.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.5 +/- 1.4). However no
      clear relationship appeared between subgroups of these T-cell malignancies
      defined by their patterns of surface antigens, revealed by reactivity with
      monoclonal antibodies, and ADA and PNP levels, and there was no correlation
      between the two enzymes. In contrast, cells from 31 patients with HLA-DR+ common
      ALL had significantly low values of ADA as compared to cells from six patients
      with HLA-DR- common ALL and a linear correlation was observed between ADA and PNP
      in cells from children with non-T, non-B ALL. These results show that specific
      stages of T-cell development may be characterized by the relationships and the
      correlation between the two enzymes and suggest that T-ALL and T-LL appear to be
      the group of lymphoid malignancies with a high degree of incoordination between
      ADA and PNP activities.

PMID- 6821121
TI  - [Interaction established between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      when they are cultivated together in a semi-synthetic medium].

PMID- 6821123
TI  - Parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6821124
TI  - Parenteral feeding.

PMID- 6821125
TI  - Calmodulin stimulation of 45Ca2+ transport and protein phosphorylation in
      cholinergic synaptic vesicles.
AB  - Cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo
      californica exhibit ATP-dependent uptake of 45Ca2+ that is stimulated by
      exogenous calmodulin. ATP-independent uptake also occurs, but it is only weakly
      stimulated by calmodulin. Saturating calmodulin decreased the Michaelis constant
      for ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake from 52 +/- 0.4 to 12 +/- 0.2 microM and
      increased the maximal velocity from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 5.2 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg of protein
      per min. The dose-response curve for calmodulin-dependent stimulation showed a
      maximal increase of 3.5-fold in the uptake rate; 0.2 microM calmodulin gave half
      maximal stimulation. The activity of the vesicle-associated ATPase was
      unaffected. Incubation of vesicles with [gamma-32P]ATP and Ca2+ resulted in
      phosphorylation of four polypeptides of molecular weights about 64,000, 58,000,
      54,000, and 41,000 when calmodulin was added. Vesicles that were previously
      phosphorylated and purified exhibited 2-fold enhanced ATP-independent uptake of
      45Ca2+. Cyclic AMP could not substitute for calmodulin. The calcium transport
      system of the cholinergic synaptic vesicle is regulated by a calcicalmodulin
      dependent protein kinase that is vesicle-associated.

PMID- 6821126
TI  - Mismatch repair, gene conversion, and crossing-over in two recombination
      defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - Recombination-defective mutants at two loci that are known to decrease
      drastically the frequency of meiotic crossing-over do not decrease the frequency
      of gene conversion at the rosy locus. mei-9 mutant alleles produce frequent
      postmeiotic segregants manifested as mosaic progeny whereas controls and mei-218
      mutants produce none. It is concluded that (i) recombination in Drosophila
      involves a biparental DNA intermediate and (ii) correction of heteroduplex DNA or
      recognition of biparental DNA or both is necessary, but not sufficient, for this
      intermediate to result in crossing-over of flanking markers. It is therefore
      likely, at least in Drosophila, that the isomerization step in Meselson-Radding
      type molecular models of recombination is under genetic control.

PMID- 6821128
TI  - Recent duplication and germ-line diversification of rat immunoglobulin kappa
      chain gene joining segments.
AB  - Sequence determination of the joining segment gene (J) cluster in the kappa chain
      (J kappa) in the embryonic context demonstrates that rat genome contains seven J
      kappa gene segments that expanded from an ancestral cluster of five J kappa
      genes. The rat J segments are separated by about 300 base pairs (bp) and are
      flanked 5' by the presumed variable region (V)/J recombination signal sequence
      and 3' by the RNA splicing signal. Two of the J gene segments designated J2A and
      J2B and their 5'-flanking spacer DNA bear striking homology to J2 and its 5'
      flanking spacer. Thus, the unit of duplication was the entire J kappa coding
      region and 5' noncoding spacer (345 bp). The duplication probably occurred as two
      separate unequal crossing-over (UXO) events. The first UXO event can be confined
      to recombination within an identical stretch (14 bp long) located at the 3' ends
      of the coding regions of J1 and J2. The second event could involve a longer
      segment (372 bp) of tight homology generated by the first UXO event, thus
      increasing the probability of repeated expansion of the same DNA segment. The
      sequence homology among the rat duplicated segments (98-99%) is larger than the
      homology between the corresponding rat and mouse segments (89%), showing that the
      rat J kappa gene expansion must have occurred after rat and mouse divergence 10 X
      10(6) yr ago. We estimate that the first and second UXO events occurred 2 X 10(6)
      and 1 X 10(6) yr ago, respectively. J3 of rat and mouse share the same mutation
      (G leads to C) in the RNA splicing signal that presumably inactivates J3. This
      mutation preceded divergence of the two species. A mutation in the first
      nucleotide of codon 96 has occurred in both duplicated segments, the only
      position along 345 bp where J2, J2A, and J2B differ from each other. This results
      in three different amino acids at position 96 not present in any other J kappa.
      These mutations are physiologically significant because they diversify the third
      complementarity-determining region (CDR3) and, thus, may reflect selective
      pressure to increase antibody diversity. The germ-line diversification of CDR3
      was exercised within the last 1-2 X 10(6) yr.

PMID- 6821127
TI  - SOS chromotest, a direct assay of induction of an SOS function in Escherichia
      coli K-12 to measure genotoxicity.
AB  - We present and evaluate the SOS chromotest, a bacterial test for detecting DNA
      damaging agents. It is a colorimetric assay based on the induction by these
      agents of the SOS function sfiA, whose level of expression is monitored by means
      of a sfiA::lacZ operon fusion. The response is rapid (a few hours), and does not
      require survival of the tester strain. Dose-response curves for various chemicals
      include a linear region. The slope of this region is taken as a measure of the
      SOS inducing potency. Comparison for a number of substances of known genotoxicity
      of the SOS inducing potency determined in the SOS chromotest with the mutagenic
      potency determined in the Salmonella assay (mutatest) revealed a striking
      quantitative correlation over more than 7 orders of magnitude. The sensitivity of
      the SOS chromotest (lowest amount detected) is equal to that of the mutatest and
      generally 4-40 times higher than that of a phage induction assay (inductest).
      From a practical point of view our observations contribute to the validation of
      the SOS chromotest as a test for detecting genotoxins and in particular genotoxic
      carcinogens. From a theoretical standpoint the results suggest that mutagenic
      potency measured in the mutatest reflects the level of induction of an SOS
      function and that most genotoxins are inducers of the SOS response in bacteria.

PMID- 6821129
TI  - The amino acid sequence and gene organization of the heavy chain of the HLA-DR
      antigen: homology to immunoglobulins.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of HLA-DR antigens has been elucidated
      from the analysis of a genomic clone coding for this protein. A 3.2-kilobase
      EcoRI fragment includes four exons containing 227 amino acids out of 229 in the
      mature HLA-DR heavy chain. One exon (alpha 2) encodes a domain of 94 amino acids
      with strong sequence homology both to Ig constant region domains and to Ig-like
      domains in HLA-B7, beta 2-microglobulin, and the HLA-DR light chain. These
      results support a structure for the HLA-DR antigen heterodimer consisting of four
      extracellular domains, two of which are Ig-like [one in the heavy chain (alpha 2)
      and one in the light chain (beta 2)]. The third is the amino-terminal polymorphic
      domain in the light chain (beta 1), and the fourth is an invariant domain in the
      heavy chain (alpha 1).

PMID- 6821130
TI  - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase, inhibits tumor promoter-induced polyamine accumulation and
      carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
AB  - The role of ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase, EC 4.1.1.17) and of the polyamines
      [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)] in mouse skin tumor
      promotion was investigated by the use of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (CHF2
      Orn), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of OrnDCase. 12-O
      Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), mezerein, and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)
      were employed as complete, stage II specific, and nonpromoting agents,
      respectively. TPA and mezerein, but not EPP, provided for a dose-dependent
      increase in tissue Put accumulation. The Put level in papillomas developed by TPA
      (2 micrograms) treatment was approximately equal to 15-fold higher than that of
      the surrounding skin tissue; Spd accumulation was 2- to 3-fold greater in the
      papillomas. Put administered (intraperitoneally) with TPA greatly enhanced
      papilloma yield. CHF2-Orn, given orally or intraperitoneally, abolished the TPA
      induced OrnDCase activity and Put accumulation in mouse epidermis. The reduction
      of polyamine accumulation by CHF2-Orn was directly proportional to reduction of
      tumor size. CHF2-Orn administered in a two-stage (TPA-mezerein) promotion
      protocol [Slaga, T. J., Fischer, S. M., Nelson, K. G. & Gleason, G. L. (1980)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 3659-3663; Slaga, T. J., Klein-Szanto, A. J. P.,
      Fischer, S. M., Weeks, C. E., Nelson, K. & Major, S. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. USA 77, 2251-2254] reduced tumor size, inhibited by 65-70% the number of
      papillomas per mouse, and decreased by 40% the percentage of mice with tumors
      when given with the stage II agent mezerein. CHF2-Orn provided considerably less
      effect on tumorigenesis when administered with the TPA portion of the protocol,
      and CHF2-Orn did not inhibit the induction of dark basal keratinocytes by TPA.
      Based on our results with CHF2-Orn, we suggest that regulation of polyamine
      biosynthesis, particularly Put, is a critical factor in stage II promotion.

PMID- 6821131
TI  - Stimulation of leukotriene biosynthesis in human blood leukocytes by platelet
      derived 12-hydroperoxy-icosatetraenoic acid.
AB  - Addition of arachidonic acid to suspensions of human blood leukocytes induces the
      synthesis of small amounts only of the C-5 lipoxygenase products as demonstrated
      by HPLC. However, the coincubation of blood platelets with the leukocytes always
      resulted in an activation of the C-5 lipoxygenase and formation of (5S)-5-hydroxy
      6,8,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid, (5S,12S)-5,12-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic
      acid, and leukotriene B4 from exogenous arachidonic acid. It was found that the
      activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in leukocytes was caused by a labile
      compound because the synthesis of the C-5 lipoxygenase products did not occur
      when platelets were preincubated for 1 min or more with the substrate prior to
      the addition of the leukocytes. The use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not
      suppress the activation of the leukocytes by the platelets. However, the addition
      of 5,8,11,14-icosatetraynoic acid, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and C-12 and C
      15 lipoxygenases, completely suppressed the formation of leukotrienes, although
      this substance is not an inhibitor of the C-5 lipoxygenase in human leukocytes.
      This indicated that a product of the C-12 lipoxygenase was likely the mediator of
      the stimulatory effect of platelets on leukocyte arachidonic acid metabolism. The
      finding that the direct addition of (12S)-12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14
      icosatetraenoic acid, but not of the corresponding hydroxy derivative, could
      activate the leukocyte's C-5 lipoxygenase confirmed this hypothesis. These data
      demonstrate that an interaction between C-12 and C-5 lipoxygenases can promote
      the formation of leukotrienes and support the possibility of a cooperation
      between platelets and leukocytes in inflammation and hypersensitivity reactions.
      Furthermore, the finding provides a new interest for the platelet C-12
      lipoxygenase.

PMID- 6821134
TI  - Environmental toxicology of PCB substitutes for capacitors.

PMID- 6821133
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies recognize individual neurofilament triplet proteins.
AB  - A series of 12 monoclonal antibodies has been prepared against crude or purified
      individual bovine neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins (designated as P68, P150,
      and P200). Six of the antibodies recognized unique determinants on individual NF
      subunits. The other six recognized shared determinants on at least two NF triplet
      proteins. Six of the antibodies recognized separated, immobilized individual NF
      in nitrocellulose paper. By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, all of the
      antibodies stained neurons and their processes in a manner identical to the well
      known distribution of NF in both the central and peripheral nervous system. These
      results strongly suggest that the NF subunits are distinct but related proteins
      and that the smaller NF subunits (P68 and P150) are not derived from larger NF
      proteins.

PMID- 6821132
TI  - Similarity of secretory protein I from parathyroid gland to chromogranin A from
      adrenal medulla.
AB  - We have compared the amino acid and carbohydrate compositions, partial amino acid
      sequences, immunological crossreactivity, and physical properties of secretory
      protein I of the parathyroid gland and chromogranin A of adrenal gland. This
      comparison indicates that these proteins are similar molecules. Because secretory
      protein I is present in secretory granules containing parathormone and is
      cosecreted with the hormone, and because chromogranin A is contained within
      chromaffin granules and, likewise, is secreted with the catecholamines, the
      present observations raise the possibility that this class of protein plays a
      general role in hormone secretion or storage mechanisms.

PMID- 6821135
TI  - [Preliminary studies on continuous monitoring of blood gases and pH in
      extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 6821136
TI  - [Case report of neurofibroma of the lower lip and left cheek].

PMID- 6821137
TI  - NMR study of the rotational isomerism around the C beta-O bond in phosphorylated
      alpha-amino acids: PSer and PThr.

PMID- 6821138
TI  - [Antiviral agents].

PMID- 6821139
TI  - Epilepsy.

PMID- 6821141
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitis].

PMID- 6821140
TI  - Current developments and future issues in state rehabilitation agency program
      evaluation.

PMID- 6821142
TI  - Rate of aging, rate of dying and the mechanism of mortality.
AB  - The history of the search for the law and the mechanism of mortality is reviewed.
      Recent evidence is summarized showing that the Gompertz law of exponentially
      increasing force of mortality is only an approximate model of mortality kinetics;
      various other models also provide a more or less satisfactory fit of mortality
      kinetics data. In particular, a simple model proposed by the author contains the
      Gompertz model as a special case and is of general validity: it consists of
      exponentially increasing cumulative mortality in an initial age range followed by
      exponentially decreasing survivorship. The various proposed mechanisms underlying
      mortality kinetics are reviewed, with emphasis on their origin and similarities,
      and a mechanism is proposed mending two basic classical ideas which are only
      partially valid: (1) Gompertz's accelerated decline of vitality coupled with
      identical aging rates of the individuals of a population; and (2) Simms' idea of
      statistically distributed individual aging rates with a uniform average aging
      rate (linear decline of physiological vitality). This theory provides a basis for
      analyzing the relationship between rates of aging and rates of dying.

PMID- 6821143
TI  - The young-adult and normally aged brain. Its blood flow and oxidative metabolism.
      A review--part I.
AB  - Blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the mature and healthy young-adult human
      brain account for about 20% of the cardiac output and about 20 and 25% of the
      requirements of oxygen and glucose, respectively, for the whole body. Normal
      cerebral aging is associated with only smaller reductions in the cerebral
      metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose while cerebral blood flow would seem to be
      unchanged. The age-dependent reduction in oxidative brain metabolism may be
      related to a decline in glycolytic flux due to a diminution of enzyme activities
      also involving acetylcholine synthesis. This metabolic reduction with age may be
      tentatively accounted for by a physiologically occurring loss of neurons,
      dendrites and dendritic spines in distinct brain areas. The mechanisms of
      autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, of CO2 reactivity of the brain vessels, of
      arterial hypoxemia on cerebral blood flow and their effects on oxidative and
      energy metabolism are well documented in young-adult brain. There is, however, no
      or only minimal information on the responsiveness of the normally aged brain to
      changes of these important biological parameters controlling and influencing
      brain blood flow and metabolism.

PMID- 6821144
TI  - Antioxidants, metabolic rate and aging in Drosophila.
AB  - In line with the (metabolic) rate-of-living theory of aging, previous work from
      this laboratory showed that the life-prolonging effect of the antioxidant
      thiazolidine carboxylic acid (TCA) in Drosophila was paralleled by a similar
      reduction of the oxygen consumption rate of the flies. To assess the generality
      of this phenomenon, several life-prolonging antioxidants were dietarily
      administered to the flies (in standard medium with 1% w/v of tocopherol-stripped
      corn oil) and their effects on metabolic rate and life span were determined.
      Respiration rate of groups of continuously agitated flies was measured in the
      Gilson respirometer. The studied antioxidants were as follows: (the numbers in
      parentheses are consecutively the antioxidant concentration in the medium in %
      wt/vol.; mean life span in days; and metabolic rate in microliter O2/mg fly per
      24 h): vitamin E (0.4; 46.3; 58.5); 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1; 45.7; 66.2);
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (0.5; 45.6; 69.1); thiazolidine carboxylic acid (0.3;
      53.1; 55.8); and control with no antioxidant added (0; 40.7; 73.3). All of these
      antioxidants at the tested concentrations reduced oxygen consumption rate and
      increased mean life span; there was a significant negative linear correlation (r
      = -0.87) between mean life span and metabolic rate. These data suggest that some
      antioxidants may inhibit respiration rate in addition to their protective effect
      against free radical-induced cellular damage.

PMID- 6821146
TI  - Food habits and the apparent nature and extent of dietary nutritional
      deficiencies in the Peruvian Andes.
AB  - Food patterns, and energy and nutrient intake of a sample of rural and urban
      families in the Peruvian Andes are analyzed and compared with requirements and
      recommended figures of nutrient allowances. It is concluded that, with the
      exception of vitamin A, there is very little nutrient deficiency where calorie
      requirements are met. About half the population in the region suffers from some
      degree of calorie deficiency in the sense that the total quantity of food
      available to the family is insufficient to satisfy energy needs of all family
      members. The incidence of calorie deficiency is about equally distributed between
      rural and urban areas and there is strong evidence that calorie intake is
      positively correlated with the proportion of home-produced to total (home
      produced and purchased) food.

PMID- 6821145
TI  - The effect of acute and chronic centrophenoxine treatment on the synaptic
      plasticity of old rats.
AB  - The cerebellar glomerulus was studied by electron microscopic morphometry in
      female Wistar rats. Age-dependent alterations have been revealed from 3 to 28 mth
      of age, and the effect of centrophenoxine (CPH) was analyzed in two different
      patterns of administration. First, 27-mth-old rats were treated daily for 6 wk
      (acute treatment), and second, 18-mth-old rats were treated 3 times per week for
      5 months (chronic treatment). The dose was 100 mg CPH/kg body weight, injected
      intraperitoneally. The surface density (SV), the numerical density (NV) and the
      average length (L) of the synaptic junctions were calculated from data obtained
      on ethanol-phosphotungstic acid stained ultrathin sections. An age-dependent
      reduction of SV and NV of the synaptic contact zones was found, and the L
      increased in the oldest animals. CPH-treatment resulted in a marked increase of
      SV in both types of application, whereas the other two parameters behaved
      differently in the two groups. The chronic treatment resulted in a significant
      slowing down of the decrease of NV, whereas L remained invariate. On the
      contrary, the acute treatment increased L but did not alter significantly NV. The
      results and the differences between the treatment types are discussed in terms of
      synaptic plasticity and are interpreted as different manifestations of the same
      reactive synaptogenetic process.

PMID- 6821147
TI  - [Influence of technological processing on various nutritional characteristics of
      sunflower protein isolates].
AB  - The composition and nutritional value of sunflower meals and protein isolates
      were determined. One of the meals was an ordinary industrial one (HI) and the
      other (HL) was prepared at the laboratory from the same batch of sunflower seeds.
      The protein isolates were obtained from both meals (AHI and AHL, respectively)
      and from the original seeds (AS), by means of a process employing water
      extraction and precipitation at pH 4.3. Chemical analysis of both meals showed
      that their moisture, protein crude fiber and fat contents had no significant
      difference. Sulphur amino acids (g/16 g N) were higher in the isolates than in
      the flours. The HL flour, and the AHL and AS isolates had a higher proportion of
      available lysine (96.9%, 93.0%, and 92.4% respectively) than the HI flour and AHI
      isolate. This improvement of protein quality was attained by the employment of
      less drastic thermal treatments in their preparation, as compared with the
      treatments to which other materials were submitted.

PMID- 6821148
TI  - The effects of alkali-cooking of corn and supplementation with amaranth seed on
      its deficiencies in lysine and tryptophan.
AB  - Corn, made into tortillas (flat cakes baked from lime-treated corn) is the staple
      food of Mexico. The amino acid deficiencies of tortillas (TT) and boiled corn
      (BC), and the supplementary value of amaranth seed (PA), another traditional
      Mexican food, roasted to the point of "popping", were studied. The feeding tests
      were 14-day PER trials using weanling rats; each diet contained 8.95% crude
      protein, all from corn, or with PA providing 3.6% protein and corn the remainder,
      with vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition each diet was supplemented with
      lysine (lys) so that tryptophan (trp) would be the first limiting amino acid or
      vice versa. In no comparison did TT give a significantly different value from BC.
      With trp limiting, the mean PER for the two corn preparations alone was 1.55, and
      with PA, 2.22. The amaranth had shown a high trp value (1.55 g/16g N). g N). With
      lys limiting, the mean PER for corn was 1.15; adding PA failed to improve this.
      Popping amaranth also reduced its reactive lysine value (by dye-binding) from 5.9
      to 4.0 g/16g N. It appears that making tortillas has no adverse effect on protein
      value, but that 'popping' can reduce the value of amaranth seeds. The higher PER
      for corn with trp as the limiting amino acid (rather than lys) was due to lower
      ad libitum food intake with the same weight gain.

PMID- 6821149
TI  - [Effect of nitroglycerin on left ventricular circulation and ejection fraction in
      patients with anatomo-functional involvement of the ventricular myocardium].

PMID- 6821151
TI  - [Parenteral feeding by peripheral veins. Prolonged diarrhea of newborn infants].

PMID- 6821150
TI  - [Behavior of phonomechanocardiographic variables in myocardial disease patients
      given standard nutrition].

PMID- 6821152
TI  - [Parenteral feeding by peripheral veins in prolonged diarrhea of newborn
      infants].
AB  - The authors studied 20 newborns with prolonged diarrhea treated with parenteral
      nutrition by peripheral veins. All the children survived, increased weight and
      stopped diarrhea. The authors concluded that the method was efficient and without
      serious complications, and quite simple for management in hospital that assist
      areas of poor communities.

PMID- 6821153
TI  - [Signals of genetic organization and regulation].

PMID- 6821155
TI  - Cell-free synthesis, proteolytic processing, core glycosylation, and amino
      terminal sequence of rabbit pre-alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - Two different forms of alpha-lactalbumin were isolated from rabbit milk and
      partially characterized. The major and the minor species had apparent molecular
      weights of 18000 and 14000, respectively, according to their electrophoretic
      mobilities on SDS polyacrylamide gels. Analyses of their amino acid compositions
      and amino-and carboxy-terminal sequences did not reveal any difference, but sugar
      analysis showed the occurrence of carbohydrates in the major species. Rabbit
      alpha-lactalbumin was synthesized in a cell-free translation system as a
      precursor with an amino terminal extension of 19 amino acid residues whose
      primary structure is rather different from those of its ovine and porcine
      counterparts, in contrast with the extensive similarity so far observed between
      the known signals of homologous milk proteins. When mammary microsomal membranes
      were added during translation, the preprotein was converted to authentic alpha
      lactalbumin, as demonstrated by amino terminal sequence analyses. However, one of
      the two processed forms migrated more slowly than pre-alpha-lactalbumin on SDS
      polyacrylamide gels and this was related to the occurrence of carbohydrates: only
      the "slower moving" polypeptide was specifically adsorbed on concanavalin A
      Sepharose and its electrophoretic mobility was enhanced after treatment with
      endoglycosidase H, an enzyme known to remove clustered mannosyl residues linked
      to di-N-acetylchitobiose. It was also observed that the rate of translocation of
      alpha-lactalbumin across the microsomal membrane was lower than that of beta
      casein.

PMID- 6821154
TI  - Evolution of tubulin heterogeneity during mouse brain development.
AB  - In this report, we have characterized tubulin subunit heterogeneity and its
      evolution during mouse brain development, from embryonic to adult stages. A
      modification of the two-dimensional protein analysis was used to specify these
      events. The number of isotubulins increases from 6 (4 alpha and 2 beta), in the
      embryonic brain, to 11 (6 alpha and 5 beta), in the adult. The changes occurring
      in tubulin heterogeneity are developmentally controlled but it seems that alpha
      and beta isotubulins are independently regulated: changes in alpha tubulin occur
      only just before birth whereas the major evolution is concerned with the
      appearance and accumulation of acidic beta isotubulins throughout development.

PMID- 6821156
TI  - In vivo study of cholesterol turnover in tissues of adult sows.
AB  - The in vivo study of free and esterified cholesterol turnover was carried out in
      15 tissues of adult Large White sows maintained at a constant weight for 10-12
      weeks. They received a single intravenous injection either of [1-14C] acetate, or
      of an autologous red cell suspension or of plasma, previously labelled in vitro
      (for red cells) or in vivo (for plasma) with tritiated cholesterol. The tissues
      can be separated into four groups according to their relative rate of free
      cholesterol exchange between plasma and tissues. The liver and the lungs have a
      very fast exchange rate whereas the brain and the spinal cord have a very slow
      one. The whole lipoprotein particle transfer--an exclusive model for the
      esterified cholesterol transport from plasma to tissues--has been found in all
      sow tissues. When [1-14C] acetate is used as a substrate for cholesterol
      synthesis, lungs, adrenal glands and heart do not seem--or at an extremely low
      rate--to convert acetate into cholesterol whereas an intense cholesterol
      synthesis takes place in the small intestine. Its contribution to cholesterol
      synthesis in sows--taking into account the cholesterol transfer processes-
      reaches 70 per cent.

PMID- 6821157
TI  - Ethidium bromide stimulation of DNA polymerase activity by stabilization of the
      primer-template duplex.
AB  - Plant DNA polymerases and E. coli DNA polymerase I, but not animal DNA
      polymerases or avian reverse transcriptase, are strongly stimulated by ethidium
      bromide (EtdBr) when TMP incorporation is followed using a short oligo dT primer
      at 37 degrees C. The effect is observed with a poly A template in the presence of
      Mg2+ or Mn2+ and of poly dA template only in the presence of magnesium ions. When
      a longer primer like poly dT is used, EdtBr inhibited wheat DNA polymerase C
      activity. This result prompted us to study the effect of the incubation
      temperature on the drug mediated stimulation. With oligo dT primer the
      stimulation by EdtBr is not observed at a temperature of incubation lower than 35
      degrees C. It is shown that the Tm of poly A-dT12 is around 35 degrees C and that
      EdtBr will clearly increase this value. The stimulation is lost when the enzyme
      is preincubated with the primer alone whereas it is not affected when the enzyme
      is preincubated with the template.

PMID- 6821159
TI  - The acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the rat testicular tissue: the
      combined activity of acyl-CoA synthetase and lysolecithin acyltransferase.
AB  - The activity of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) in
      combination with acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) has been determined in the
      homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat testis. The enzyme activity was
      found to be maximal at pH 7.4 ATP and CoASH were required for optimal
      incorporation of [1-14C] oleic acid into phosphatidylcholine. The sulfhydryl
      binding reagents showed inhibitory effect on the acyltransferase activity.
      Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and beta-mercaptoethanol did not affect the enzyme activity.
      Subcellular distribution patterns of markers, marker enzymes and lysolecithin
      acyltransferase have shown that the acyltransferase activity was found to be
      predominantly localized in the microsomal fraction, though significant activity
      was also present in the mitochondrial fraction. These findings, together with our
      previous studies on testicular phospholipases A, suggest that the deacylation
      reacylation cycle is operative in rat testicular tissue.

PMID- 6821158
TI  - Studies of covalent adducts of NAD(P) and enolizable ketones as specific
      glutamate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AB  - Structural analogues of the reduced coenzymes, NADH or NADPH, of dehydrogenases
      are prepared by addition of carbonyl compounds including: pyruvate, alpha
      ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, butyraldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone, to the
      oxidized coenzymes NAD(P). Some of the adducts obtained are specific inhibitors
      of the glutamate dehydrogenase. The specificity is related to the carbonyl
      compound used. The high selectivity of the dehydrogenases for adducts is
      evidenced by inhibition studies of NAD(P)-pyruvate and NAD(P)-alpha ketoglutarate
      adducts on both activities of glutamate dehydrogenase. The inhibitions are
      competitive with the reduced coenzymes and the oxidized substrates: adducts could
      be considered as structures closely related to the ternary complexes of the
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6821161
TI  - Diagnosis, prevention, and therapy in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 6821160
TI  - [A new method for human milk protein separation].
AB  - Attempts at isolating individual human milk proteins showed that cross
      interactions made it difficult to obtain of homogeneous components. A new method
      was devised, based on complete precipitation of milk proteins with saturated
      ammonium sulphate and progressive solubilization of the precipitate on a column
      of Sephadex G10 with a linear gradient of ammonium sulphate (from saturation to
      water). Three fractions were obtained. The first contained lactoferrin, serum
      albumin, lysozyme and traces of alpha-lactalbumin. Lysozyme could be obtained
      free from contaminants by chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54. Lactoferrin and
      serum albumin coeluting as a single peak, were separated by a further
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. From the other two fractions recovered on
      Sephadex G10, it should be possible to prepare immunoglobulins, alpha-lactalbumin
      and the bulk of caseins. The homogeneity of the preparations of lysozyme,
      lactoferrin and serum albumin was assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, acrylamide agarose electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 6821162
TI  - Clinical applications of HLA typing.

PMID- 6821163
TI  - Recent advances in blood groups.

PMID- 6821164
TI  - Transfusing the patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 6821165
TI  - Blood transfusion in heart surgery.

PMID- 6821167
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of stainless steel crowns vs. multisurface amalgam
      restorations in the posterior primary dentition.

PMID- 6821168
TI  - An intercellular network artefact in glycol methacrylate dehydrated neonatal
      cartilage.
AB  - A striking network thought to consist of glycosaminoglycan in neonatal cartilage
      has recently been reported following glycol methacrylate (GMA) dehydration and
      embedding. This study attempted to learn why the network was not seen in other
      preparations previously reported. Comparative light and transmission electron
      microscopy of the network structures was carried out to determine their
      biological significance. We have shown the networks to be reproducible artefact,
      attained only following GMA dehydration of glutaraldehyde fixed neonatal
      cartilage.

PMID- 6821169
TI  - The simultaneous use of Hanks' and Hepes buffers in the preparation of human
      leucocytes for SEM observation.
AB  - Leucocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal individuals and
      prepared for SEM observation. The addition of the buffer Hanks and Hepes to the
      glutaraldehyde fixative was found to maintain the initial ambient pH throughout
      cell manipulation, and to allow satisfactory preservation of surface
      architecture.

PMID- 6821166
TI  - Prevention of rhesus haemolytic disease in Finland.

PMID- 6821170
TI  - [Correlation of urinary 5-S-cysteinyldopa with repeated remission of melanoma
      induced by DTIC combination chemotherapy].

PMID- 6821172
TI  - Gentamicin resistance in gram--negative rods.

PMID- 6821171
TI  - [Problems and counseling on sex during pregnancy and after delivery].

PMID- 6821173
TI  - [Immunoglobulins--genetic changes involved in their formation and
      differentiation].

PMID- 6821174
TI  - [Laboratory methods of identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains producing
      beta-lactamase (penicillinase)].

PMID- 6821175
TI  - [Usefulness of the transport-growth medium Biocult-Gc in the diagnosis of
      gonorrhea].

PMID- 6821176
TI  - [Stress and DMBA-induced experimental pathology in salivary glands in rats].

PMID- 6821177
TI  - [Practical observations for standardizing the indirect immunofluorescence
      reaction in the diagnosis of various parasitic diseases].

PMID- 6821178
TI  - [Pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the General Hospital of
      the La Raza Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute].

PMID- 6821180
TI  - [Progress in the treatment of corrosive esophagitis].

PMID- 6821181
TI  - [Changes of serum testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, follicular stimulating
      hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels in
      women associated with aging].

PMID- 6821182
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Tegafur suppository in the treatment of uterine cancer-
      with special reference to the drug concentration in the blood, secretion from the
      pelvic dead space, and tissues of female genital organs].

PMID- 6821183
TI  - Effect of intraperitoneally injected lysine vasopressin on noradrenaline turnover
      in certain brain regions of the rat.
AB  - In the first part of the study penetration of blood-brain barrier by lysine
      vasopressin (LVP) was studied. After i.p. injection 125J-LVP or its large
      fragments appeared in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, tuberculum olfactorium and
      brain stem. In these structures the effect of i.p. injected LVP on noradrenaline
      level and turnover rate was studied. LVP produced an increase of noradrenaline
      level in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and tuberculum olfactorium. In the brain
      stem no marked changes in noradrenaline content were found. In all the examined
      brain structures LVP slowed down turnover rate of noradrenaline.

PMID- 6821184
TI  - [Office atmosphere. Checklist and suggestions].

PMID- 6821185
TI  - [Trust and respect. Leadership principles for dentists].

PMID- 6821186
TI  - The role of nutrition in toxicology.

PMID- 6821187
TI  - Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols.
AB  - Human metabolism of D-fructose, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and xylitol has been
      documented. In humans, sorbitol and xylitol at a single oral dose of 20 g or less
      and fructose at 70 g or less most likely can be fully absorbed. These there
      sugars can maintain, either independently or nearly independently, the integrity
      or the carbohydrate requirement for the growth of cells and animals. The
      absorption of D-mannitol is no more than 80% and is more laxative. In general,
      there is no adverse effect other than osmotic diarrhea after oral administration
      of these sugars. Transient hyperuricemia was seen in some humans. The chronic
      toxicity of life-long usage of these sugars in humans or other primates is not
      known. However, a 2-year Turku sugar studies suggested the safety of fructose and
      xylitol. Two-year feeding experiments in mice and rats indicated possible
      carcinogenicity of a high-percentage xylitol diet. Abnormalities of cellular
      growth were also documented in animals fed high percentages of sorbitol and
      sucrose. Long-term mannitol feeding experiments also revealed an increased
      incidence of benign thymic tumors in rats. Intravenous feeding of fructose,
      xylitol, and sorbitol causes major concern. The toxicity is total-dose and
      infusion-rate dependent. The physical toxicity induced by hyperosmolar effect of
      the concentrated infusion solutions can be lethal. The primary metabolic
      toxicities, mainly lactic acidosis and hypruricemia, are reversible. The
      suggested safe infusion rate of these sugars is 0.25 g/kg/h; sporadic toxic
      observations have been reported at this or lower doses (0.125 g/kg/h). The
      combination of glucose, fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol mixture intravenously is
      in use in Europe due to the critical threshold of each element. There are
      positive findings from the use of the combination in human illness (114). The
      beneficial effect of xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and fructose in decreasing
      order has been well documented in the prevention of dental caries in animals and
      in humans. Oral organisms do not appear to metabolically adapt to xylitol even
      after 4 years of in vivo exposure. This was based on the quantitation of xylitol
      dehydrogenase activity in saliva and oral organisms. In addition, a therapeutic
      and preventive effect for xylitol in human and animal dental caries has been
      demonstrated. There appears to be at least a theoretical edge in the dietary use
      of fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol in diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6821188
TI  - Nutrition and immunity: the influence of diet on autoimmunity and the role of
      zinc in the immune response.
AB  - Nutrition exerts profound influence on immunological functions effecting both
      cell-mediated (humoral) and T cell-mediated (cellular) immune functions. Even the
      interaction of the immune systems can be profoundly influenced by restrictions or
      excesses of dietary constituents. In experimental systems where it is possible to
      control precisely the influence of specific nutriments, development and
      expression of autoimmune diseases and the associated immunodeficiencies of aging
      can be delayed by restrictions of dietary protein, protein and calories, fat,
      zinc, or even essential fatty acids. Tumor immunities likewise can be affected
      and sometimes even enhanced by restriction of protein, calories, or protein and
      calories, an influence associated with major delay in development of the
      experimental cancers--e.g. breast cancer. T cell-mediated immunodeficiencies
      associated with clinically apparent protein or protein calorie malnutrition are
      often attributable not to the major nutriment deficiencies per se but to
      accompanying zinc deficiency, a finding reflecting the vital role of zinc in many
      immunological functions. Dietary zinc deficiency appears to be responsible, at
      least in part, for the immunodeficiency that is so regularly associated with
      certain human cancers, such as epidermoid cancers of the head and neck region.

PMID- 6821189
TI  - Metabolic effects of total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6821190
TI  - Cellular folate binding proteins; function and significance.
AB  - It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate
      binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or
      derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into
      the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this protein to
      the plasma membrane has been carried out in only a limited number of cases. The
      role of the folate binding protein of L. casei in transport is much clearer.
      Bacteria provide the opportunity to obtain mutants defective in both transport
      and binding, and such mutants are more difficult to obtain with mammalian cell
      lines. The intracellular folate binding proteins have been discovered so far only
      in liver. The fact that the folate binding proteins in rat liver mitochondria are
      two enzymes, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase, suggests
      that enzyme activities may eventually be discovered for the other intracellular
      folate binding proteins. This may not possible, however, and a reasonably strong
      case has been made that the folate binding protein of cytosol, FBP-CII, serves in
      a storage role. Such a storage role is difficult to prove since it depends, in
      part, on the demonstration that the protein becomes progressively less saturated
      during deficiency--a situation true also for enzymes.

PMID- 6821191
TI  - Metabolic approaches to cancer cachexia.

PMID- 6821192
TI  - Inhibition of trypsin and papain by sodium aurothiomalate mediated by exchange
      reactions.
AB  - Sodium aurothiomalate has been shown to participate in exchange reactions leading
      to the inhibition of trypsin; for this exchange to take place it was necessary to
      include in the test system a suitable thiol, such as N-acetyl-cysteine. Neither N
      acetyl-cysteine nor aurothiomalate on their own had any inhibitory action on
      trypsin. The results indicate that aurothiomalate dissociates in the presence of
      a carrier to form thiosuccinate and gold. The gold is responsible for trypsin
      inhibition since independent experiments demonstrated that the total
      concentration of thiosuccinate was insufficient to cause the observed inhibition
      of trypsin. Bovine serum albumin was shown to act as a carrier in place of N
      acetyl-cysteine. It is known that histidine in the active centre of trypsin binds
      heavy metal ions with consequent inhibition of the enzyme. In this study,
      imidazole was shown to act as a carrier for gold from aurothiomalate to trypsin
      resulting in inhibition. This inhibition by gold was reversed when higher
      concentrations of imidazole were added to the test system due to competition for
      the trypsin-bound gold by imidazole. Conversely, the thiol enzyme papain was re
      activated in the presence of low concentrations of sodium aurothiomalate and
      inhibited by higher concentrations of this reagent in a biphasic manner. This
      observation will be discussed in relation to the dissociation of sodium
      aurothiomalate. These observations can also be explained in terms of exchange
      reactions involving thiols and free metal ions.

PMID- 6821193
TI  - Modification of endorphin/enkephalin analgesia and stress-induced analgesia by
      divalent cations, a cation chelator and an ionophore.
AB  - The possibility that divalent cations may antagonize opiate peptide analgesia and
      stress-induced analgesia was examined. Intracerebroventricular injection of low
      doses of Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+ antagonized beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin
      analgesia. Ba2+ and Cd2+ were without effect. The ionophore, A23187,
      significantly antagonized beta-endorphin analgesia and the effect was increased
      when a low dose of Ca2+ was injected at the same time as the ionophore. Ethylene
      glycol tetraacetic acid (but not ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) significantly
      potentiated endorphin analgesia. Stress-induced analgesia, as determined by
      increased tail-flick latencies following intraperitoneal injection of acetic
      acid, was effectively antagonized by naloxone, Ca2+ and Mn2+. The frequency of
      writhing following acetic acid injection was increased by both naloxone and
      divalent metal ions, again suggesting antagonism of endogenous opiates. These
      results confirm previous findings indicating that divalent metal ions (and
      especially Ca2+) may be involved in the actions of opiates.

PMID- 6821194
TI  - Pathophysiological mechanisms in hypothalamic ovarian failure.

PMID- 6821196
TI  - Nonoperative management of athletic ankle injuries.
AB  - Few injuries in sports are more ubiquitous than those involving the ankle.
      Athletes in some endeavors, notably football and basketball, routinely have their
      ankles prophylactically taped at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars and,
      probably, millions of man hours. Other sports, such as skiing, involve encasement
      of the foot, ankle and lower leg in plastic and foam to the extent of almost
      complete exclusion of motion. In spite of these rather heroic measures, ankle
      injuries continue to constitute a significant threat to athletes in these and
      most other activities.

PMID- 6821195
TI  - Ovulation detection in the human.
AB  - The importance of predicting human ovulation for either optimizing or avoiding
      conception has been considered from an endocrine, morphological and clinical view
      point. Of the biochemical markers in peripheral blood, a knowledge of the LH peak
      is the most clearly defined, with a two to four fold increase above baseline
      levels for a relatively short 24-30 hour preovulatory period. Ovulation is
      considered to occur 28-36 hours after the beginning of the LH rise or 8-20 hours
      after the LH peak. Daily assessment of the rise in preovular oestrogen reflects
      Graafian follicle development but the rise is less distinct and spread over 3-4
      days with marked day to day fluctuations. LH induces a marked reduction in
      oestrogen production some 12 hours prior to ovulation and at the same time
      induces a two to three fold increase in progesterone production above baseline
      levels. While these changes in themselves are not great enough for day to day
      discrimination, a knowledge of their reciprocal relationship may be. The
      preovular rise in FSH is relatively small compared to LH and the radioimmunoassay
      technique has not generally been refined to be as rapid and reliable. Monitoring
      the day to day growth of the preovular follicle ultrasonically is both linear and
      potentially predictable but there is a wide range of its final diameter (17-26
      mm) prior to ovulation making prediction inaccurate. With further refinements in
      ultrasonic resolution, detection of intrafollicular changes of the cumulus
      oophorus and granulosal cell layer configuration and thickness may give a closer
      prediction of the time of ovulation. At a clinical level a knowledge of menstrual
      cycle length in association with body messages which herald ovulation are useful
      and may forewarn that ovulation in terms of days is approaching. Such markers as
      preovulation pain, the detection of periovular cervical mucus and the change in
      physical character and position of the cervix are reliable signs of preovulation
      for many well motivated and informed women for either promoting or avoiding
      conception. A knowledge of the basal body temperature is not a prospective guide
      to ovulation, but once the thermal shift is established in association with loss
      of periovular mucus symptoms, the fertile period can be considered to have
      passed. Because we do not have a precise and simple marker of human ovulation, it
      is necessary that the most suitable marker of pre- or postovulation is chosen for
      the particular need in a given individual.

PMID- 6821197
TI  - A comparison between 2% and 4% sodium cromoglycate eye drops in the treatment of
      vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - Two per cent and 4% solutions of sodium cromoglycate eye drops were compared in
      patients with bilateral vernal keratoconjunctivitis. No difference in efficacy
      between the two solutions could be detected on the analysis of diary card scores
      or clinical assessments. The opinions of efficacy and treatment preferences
      recorded by patients and clinician at the end of the trial were very similar for
      each solution. Side effects were generally minor, usually relating to stinging
      following application of the eye drops.

PMID- 6821199
TI  - [Bullous pemphigoid associated with paraproteinemia].

PMID- 6821198
TI  - Effects of calcium and magnesium on the aggregation and the release reaction
      produced by thrombin and calcium ionophores in rabbit washed platelets.

PMID- 6821200
TI  - [Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Comparative study between the Thayer Martin
      and modified New York City medium and between the Thayer Martin and Biocult GC
      system].

PMID- 6821201
TI  - Presence of hydrogen peroxide in media used for cultivation of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Defined complex media used for cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested
      for the presence of H2O2 by both a spectrophotometric and a polarographic assay.
      H2O2 (35 to 165 microM) was present in all media tested. In the defined media,
      H2O2 was generated by the interaction of cysteine with other amino acids. The
      addition of the chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline prevented formation of detectable
      H2O2, suggesting that metal ions were necessary. The persistence of H2O2 varied
      greatly among different media. Medium components which affected the presence of
      H2O2 were pyruvate, oxalacetate, and sodium sulfite. Sodium sulfite also
      generated superoxide radical. In liquid medium containing H2O2, the endogenous
      gonococcal catalase present in an inoculum of about 2 X 10(7) colony-forming
      units/ml destroyed detectable H2O2. The long lag phase which resulted from a 10
      fold lower inoculum could not be shortened by the addition of exogenous catalase.
      Small amounts of residual H2O2 in agar plates of complex medium affected the
      viability of gonococci which had been suspended in buffer and incubated for 60
      min at 37 degrees C. Addition of pyruvate or catalase increased viable counts in
      medium containing H2O2.

PMID- 6821202
TI  - Antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproducts in cancer patients.
AB  - We analyzed sera from 28 patients with various types of malignancies for the
      occurrence of antibodies against exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two
      Pseudomonas proteases. A total of 27 of these individuals were colonized or
      infected with P. aeruginosa at one time or another during the study, whereas the
      remaining patient was colonized with four non-P. aeruginosa species of
      Pseudomonas. Sera were obtained from several of these patients before P.
      aeruginosa colonization or infection of these individuals was detected, which
      provided an opportunity to evaluate their responsiveness to pseudomonal
      exoproducts as they acquired the organism. Exotoxin A was purified from culture
      supernatant fluids of strain PA-103, and the two proteases were purified from an
      isolate of strain JR3, a highly proteolytic strain originally recovered from the
      sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. Antibodies to the exotoxin A and the two
      proteases were detected in these sera, and sera which contained relatively high
      antibody levels to exotoxin A afforded mice complete protection against lethal
      challenges with this substance. Statistical analyses showed that patients
      infected with P. aeruginosa had consistently higher antibody levels (P less than
      0.005) to the exoproducts than patients who were colonized with this organism.
      Also, patients colonized with P. aeruginosa possessed significantly higher
      antibody levels (P less than 0.003) to these three exoproducts than uninfected,
      hospitalized patients. Parke-Davis type 1 was the strain most commonly isolated
      from these patients (46%), but colonization or infection due to this organism
      usually resulted in the production of low levels of antibody to Pseudomonas
      exoproducts. However, infections with Parke-David type 7 organisms were always
      associated with intermediate- and high-responder sera to exotoxin A. These
      results indicated that potentially toxic products were elaborated during the
      course of cancer-related colonization and infection with P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 6821203
TI  - Isolation of chlorhexidine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical
      lesions.
AB  - The chlorhexidine resistance of 317 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated
      from hospital patients was determined. The distribution pattern of their
      susceptibility to chlorhexidine clearly revealed two peaks, and the frequency of
      resistance to chlorhexidine was 84.2%.

PMID- 6821204
TI  - Recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonial dissociants on a protease detection
      medium.
AB  - Dialyzed brain heart infusion-skim milk agar medium facilitated the recovery of
      colonial dissociants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Differences in colonial
      morphology as well as in proteolytic activity were readily visualized, thus
      permitting facile isolation of segregating colony types for further biochemical,
      serological, and susceptibility studies.

PMID- 6821205
TI  - Identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis.
AB  - Different tests for the identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis and
      for its differentiation from catalase-negative unclassified coryneforms from the
      vagina were evaluated on over 200 bacterial strains, with special emphasis on
      optimal test conditions. A presumptive identification of G. vaginalis in the
      clinical laboratory can be made on the basis of colonial morphology, clear beta
      hemolysis with diffuse edges on human blood bilayer-Tween agar, a negative
      catalase test, and typical cell morphology in the Gram stain. This procedure will
      correctly identify 90 to 98% of suspect colonies of G. vaginalis with human blood
      bilayer-Tween agar as primary isolation medium. Useful additional reactions for
      the confirmation of G. vaginalis include positive hippurate and starch
      hydrolysis, positive alpha-glucosidase but negative beta-glucosidase tests, the
      production of acid from glucose and maltose but not from mannitol, and
      susceptibility to disks containing metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides,
      and bile.

PMID- 6821206
TI  - Identification of group D streptococci by SeroSTAT.
AB  - Clinical isolates of group D streptococci presumptively identified by biochemical
      methods were grouped by latex agglutination using a commercially prepared reagent
      specifically sensitized with group D antiserum (SeroSTAT; Scott Laboratories,
      Inc., Fiskeville, R.I.). Streptococcus species tested included S. faecalis, S.
      faecium, S. durans, S. avium, S. bovis, and S. equinus. Colonies of the organism
      to be tested were picked from agar plates, emulsified in a drop of glycine
      buffered saline on a slide, and mixed with a drop of the latex reagent.
      Macroscopic agglutination occurred within 60 s. A total of 115 isolates of group
      D streptococci were tested; 103 (89.6%) gave positive reactions with SeroSTAT.
      Twelve strains failed to react with the latex reagent; these 12 strains also gave
      negative results with group D antiserum when tested by the Lancefield method. Two
      of 14 group A streptococci also reacted with the SeroSTAT group D reagent; after
      trypsinization, the cross-reaction was eliminated. Group B streptococci, viridans
      group streptococci, anaerobic streptococci, and staphylococci all gave negative
      reactions with the SeroSTAT reagent. The SeroSTAT reagent is a useful diagnostic
      tool for the prompt identification of enterococcal and non-enterococcal group D
      streptococci.

PMID- 6821207
TI  - Prevalence of maltose-negative Neisseria meningitidis variants during an epidemic
      period in Spain.
AB  - We studied the prevalence of maltose-negative variants of Neisseria meningitidis
      in Spain from 1978 to 1980. Sugar utilization studies were performed with both
      CTA medium and Mueller-Hinton medium; bromothymol blue was used as the indicator
      in Mueller-Hinton medium. Of 1,714 isolates of N. meningitidis recovered from the
      cerebrospinal fluid or blood of patients with meningococcal infections, 64 (3.7%)
      were maltose-negative variants; 13 (3.3%) of the 363 isolates found in carriers
      had the same characteristic. All maltose-negative cultures isolated from both
      patients and carriers belonged to serogroup B and were resistant to sulfadiazine
      at a minimal inhibitory concentration, 10 micrograms/ml or more. Serotype 2
      isolates were the most prevalent isolates in patients (68.8%), followed by
      nontypable isolates (20.3%). Only serotype 2 isolates (66%) and nontypable
      isolates (33%) were found in carriers.

PMID- 6821209
TI  - On the arterialization of forearm skin venous blood during work under various
      thermal conditions.

PMID- 6821208
TI  - Extrinsic dental stain caused by chlorhexidine and other denaturing agents.
AB  - Experiments were performed in a standardized rabbit model for examination of the
      potential of chlorhexidine and other denaturing agents to induce dental stain
      together with ferric ions. The studies supported the view that denaturation may
      be a major aspect of the mechanism of stain formation and that iron sulphide may
      be one important cause for extrinsic dental stain. Analytical microprobe analysis
      showed high amounts of Fe and S in the stain. The stain formation could be
      inhibited by SnF2, possibly by a red-ox reaction. Established stain could be
      removed by an oxidizing agent.

PMID- 6821211
TI  - Cation ionophores A23187 and valinomycin enhance protein-mediated transfer of rat
      liver microsomal phosphatidylinositol to liposomes.
AB  - A standard reaction mixture has been established in which partially purified rat
      liver phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins sustain a maximal rate of
      phosphatidylinositol transfer from rat liver microsomes to liposomes.
      Determination of the transfer kinetics confirms the findings of Brophy et al.
      (Biochem J. 174:413-420,1978) that under such conditions a maximum 70-80% of the
      homogeneously radiolabeled, microsomal phosphatidylinositol is exchanged with
      biphasic kinetics. The phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins thus indicate the
      presence of three microsomal phosphatidylinositol pools: One pool is not subject
      to protein-mediated exchange; the other two pools are both exchangeable but are
      exchanged with significantly different half-lives. Both the divalent cation
      ionophore, A23187, and the monovalent cation ionophore, valinomycin,
      significantly enhance phosphatidylinositol transfer in the standard reaction
      mixture at concentrations 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those
      sufficient for the ionophores to facilitate cation transport across membranes.
      The stimulatory effect of each ionophore, however, is not a function of the
      ionophore/microsome mass ratio in the reaction mixture. Although both ionophores
      increase the relative amount of exchangeable phosphatidylinositol, either
      ionophore results in all of the exchangeable phosphatidylinositol being
      transferred with single-state kinetics. The evidence demonstrates that A23187 and
      valinomycin are the first substances found to markedly enhance the reactivity of
      a microsomal phospholipid class with phospholipid exchange proteins.

PMID- 6821213
TI  - [Dosage evaluation of Ralstron therapy of cervical cancer with the rectal and
      bladder dosimetry].

PMID- 6821212
TI  - Serosal Na/Ca exchange and H+ and Na+ transport by the turtle and toad bladders.
AB  - A Na/Ca exchange system has been described in the plasma membrane of several
      tissues and seems to regulate the concentration of calcium in cytosol.
      Replacement of extracellular Na by sucrose increases calcium uptake into and
      decreases calcium efflux from the cell, leading to an increase in cytosolic
      calcium. The effect of an increase in cytosolic calcium mediated by the Na/Ca
      exchange system on H+ and Na transport in the turtle and toad bladder was
      investigated by replacing serosal Na isosmotically by sucrose or choline.
      Replacement of serosal by sucrose was associated with a significant inhibition of
      H+ secretion or Na transport which was reversible by addition of NaCl.
      Replacement of mucosal Na by sucrose failed to alter H+ secretion. Removal of
      serosal Na was associated with a significant increase in 45Ca uptake which could
      be blocked by pretreatment with lanthanum chloride. Pretreatment with lanthanum
      chloride blunted the inhibitory effect of replacement of serosal Na by sucrose on
      H+ and Na transport, thus suggesting that the increase in calcium uptake and the
      inhibition of transport are causally related. Under anaerobic conditions the rate
      of H+ or Na transport are linked to the rate of lactate production. The
      inhibition of Na or H+ transport by removal of serosal Na was accompanied by a
      proportional decrease in lactate production, thus suggesting that an increase in
      cytosolic calcium does not inhibit transport by uncoupling glycolysis from
      transport. Replacement of serosal Na by sucrose did not alter the force of the H+
      or Na pump but led to an increase in resistance of the active pathway of H+ and
      Na transport. The inhibition of Na transport by replacement of serosal Na with
      sucrose could be reversed by addition of amphotericin B, an agent which increases
      luminal permeability to Na, thus suggesting that decreased Na entry across the
      apical membrane is the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of Na transport.
      The results of the present studies strongly suggest that an increase in cytosolic
      calcium through the serosal Na/Ca exchange system inhibits H+ and Na transport in
      the turtle and toad bladder probably by increasing the resistance of the luminal
      membrane.

PMID- 6821214
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of cholane derivatives. III. Amidie and amine derivatives
      of cholic, desoxycholic, chenodesoxycholic and ursodesoxycholic acids].

PMID- 6821215
TI  - The aphrodisiac effect of low doses of (-) deprenyl in male rats.
AB  - The effects of single doses of (-)deprenyl, in comparison to J-508, U-1424,
      pargyline and clorgyline, on the sexual performance of male rats were tested. (
      )Deprenyl (0.25 and 1 mg/kg, respectively) exerted a true, long-lasting
      aphrodisiac effect, on sexually sluggish male rats, whereas clorgyline, U-1424
      and J-508 failed to act similarly. Pargyline facilitated the sexual performance
      of the rats, but only transiently.

PMID- 6821216
TI  - Inhibition of arterial PGI2 generation and platelet aggregation by aspirin in
      rabbits ex vivo.
AB  - In 63 rabbits the generation of prostacyclin (PGI2) by coeliac and mesenteric
      arteries and arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma
      (PRP) were studied at 24th, 48th and 72nd hour after oral administration of
      single doses of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (15, 25 and 50 mg/kg). Only at the
      lowest dose ASA caused a selective inhibition of platelet cyclo-oxygenase. ASA at
      this dose had a cumulative inhibitory effect on arterial cyclo-oxygenase when it
      was administered in an ineffective single daily dose during three days every 24h.
      It is concluded that in vivo ASA can be hardly considered as a preferential
      inhibitor of platelet cyclo-oxygenase.

PMID- 6821210
TI  - Cellular lithium and transepithelial transport across toad urinary bladder.
AB  - Toad urinary bladders were exposed on either their mucosal or serosal surfaces,
      or on both surfaces, to medium in which sodium was replaced completely by
      lithium. With mucosal lithium Ringer's, serosal sodium Ringer's, short-circuit
      current (SCC) declined by about 50 percent over the first 60 min and was then
      maintained over a further 180 min. Cellular lithium content was comparable to the
      sodium transport pool. With lithium Ringer's serosa, SCC was abolished over 60 to
      120 min whether the mucosal cation was sodium or lithium. Measurements of
      cellular ionic composition revealed that the epithelial cells gained lithium from
      both the mucosal and serosal media. With lithium Ringer's mucosa and serosa,
      cells lost potassium and gained lithium and a little chloride and water, but
      these changes in cellular ions could not account for the current flow across the
      tissue under these conditions, which must, therefore, have been carried by a
      transepithelial movement of lithium itself. The inhibition by serosal lithium of
      SCC was overcome by exposure of the mucosal surface of the bladders to
      amphotericin B. Thus it reflected, predominantly, an inhibition of lithium entry
      to the cells across the apical membrane. It is suggested that this inhibition is
      a consequence of cellular lithium accumulation.

PMID- 6821217
TI  - Synthetic tripeptides with anorexogenic effect.
AB  - Thirty two synthetic tripeptides structurally related both to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) and anorexogenic tripeptide (Glp-His-Gly-OH) were
      investigated for anorexogenic effect in rats. While the two endogenous peptides,
      TRH and Glp-His-Gly-OH, were ineffective in rats deprived of food for 96 hours
      when they were administered intracerebroventricularly, some of the synthetic
      analogues showed significant food intake reducing effect under the same
      conditions. This anorexogenic effect of the tripeptides is similar--though much
      weaker--to that of satietin, a highly potent anorexogenic glycopeptide in human
      and mammalian serum. These tripeptides were ineffective when they were
      administered intravenously.

PMID- 6821218
TI  - Derivatives of 1H-tetrahydrobenzodiazepine-1,5.
AB  - Synthesis of acyl derivatives of 2-aminomethylene-4-phenyl-1H
      tetrahydrobenzodiazepine-1,5: compounds 5, 7 and 8, of a Schiff base 6 acids 9
      and 10, and esters of aryl- or alkyl-1H-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepine-2
      carboxylic acids 11-14 is described. Compounds 9-13 showed potent antagonism
      towards pentetrazol, and compound 13 also potentiated the action of DOPA and had
      antiserotonin properties.

PMID- 6821220
TI  - [Phenotypic characteristics of the cells of human leukemia].

PMID- 6821219
TI  - 7,7'-Bi-(2-cyano-4-aryl) alkyl (-1H-tetrahydrobenzodiazepines-1,5).
AB  - Bi-benzodiazepine nitriles 1-8 were obtained in a modified manner as potential
      psychotropic agents. In screening experiments 3 acted as a potent antagonist of
      pentetrazol, compounds 1-4 and 7 had antiserotonin action, and 5 potentiated the
      effects of DOPA [5].

PMID- 6821221
TI  - [Transfer ribonucleic acid. Their properties and structure].

PMID- 6821222
TI  - Severity measurement in multiple trauma by use of ICDA conditions.
AB  - We report here the results of a study of grading injury severity for patients
      with multiple traumatic injuries from ICDA codes listed on the face sheets of
      hospital medical records. We developed a method of scoring the severity of
      individual ICDA traumatic injuries with use of data from the NCHS Hospital
      Discharge Survey. When tested on a set of patients having multiple trauma
      conditions (also from the NCHS Hospital Discharge Survey), these scores had a
      strong relationship with fatality. The development of an injury severity index
      based on ICDA codes has considerable impact on the feasibility of conducting
      studies involving large numbers of patients hospitalized with traumatic injuries.

PMID- 6821223
TI  - Major histocompatibility complex of chickens: genes, antigens, differential
      features, and special contributions to our knowledge of the advantages of
      polymorphism of cell surface antigens.

PMID- 6821224
TI  - Leukotrienes: a new approach to the biochemistry of hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6821225
TI  - [Von Recklinghausen's disease and brain stem glioma].

PMID- 6821226
TI  - [Surgery in the phakomatoses].

PMID- 6821227
TI  - [Recklinghausen's disease and malignant hemopathies].

PMID- 6821228
TI  - Positron-emission tomography.

PMID- 6821230
TI  - [Treatment of heart insufficiency with diuretics].

PMID- 6821229
TI  - How to escape immune surveillance?

PMID- 6821232
TI  - [Seroepidemiology of meningococcal meningitis in Lombardy].

PMID- 6821231
TI  - [Oculo-cutaneous tyrosinase-positive albinism].
AB  - In the present work, the authors discuss the participation of prostaglandins in
      inflammatory reaction due to U. V. light and the consequences of prostaglandins
      deficiency. A patient of algerian origin was observed: this 60 year old woman,
      exhibited an albinism thyrosinase positive and tolerated fairly well an exposure
      to the U. V. light despite her disease. For ten years she has presented face,
      neck and arms hyperkeratosis, for five years, arm actinic porokeratosis, and for
      two years back and face carcinomas. M. E. D. is higher than the standard value.
      The discussion is open on the fact that this M. E. D. rise might result from
      prostaglandins deficiency (PE E2 F2). Moreover prostaglandins deficiency
      increases epidermal multiplication and could account for hyperkeratosis and
      malignant change, especially so as the patient suffers from albinism and lives in
      a sunny country. The authors, besides, attempts to relate the other symptoms of
      this patient to the hypothetical deficiency of prostaglandins; absence of the
      melanosome maturation, delays in cicatrisation and perhaps immunity
      perturbations.

PMID- 6821235
TI  - Population genetics in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. V. Frequencies of ABO, Rh
      (D), MN blood groups and other genetic traits.
AB  - During the last years we have been studying the phenotype and gene frequencies of
      blood groups and other genetic traits in order to learn the genetic composition
      of the human population in the State of Nuevo Leon. We tried to assess the
      influence of the different ancestral contributions in the degree of genetic
      diversity within the state, and also to evaluate the frequencies of some genetic
      traits in groups of persons suffering from various diseases. It has been found
      that for most traits the frequencies are intermediate to those reported for
      Mexican native and Spanish populations. It appears that the populations that
      recently immigrated to the State are the ones that have received more genetic
      influence from the Mexican natives, and those that have lived in the state since
      the last century are the ones that have received more genetic contribution from
      the Spanish.

PMID- 6821233
TI  - Paragonimus mexicanus: an antigenic analysis.

PMID- 6821234
TI  - [Chagas disease in Chile. Urban sections. I. Prevalence of Chagasic infection in
      blood donors from a hospital in the north section of the metropolitan region,
      1982].

PMID- 6821236
TI  - Cold dependent activation of complement by mixed cryoglobulin. Disparity of
      complement activity between serum and plasma.

PMID- 6821237
TI  - Diphtheria of the eye. A forgotten diagnosis.

PMID- 6821239
TI  - The role of the lay therapist in long-term treatment.

PMID- 6821240
TI  - Determination of pathophysiological mechanisms in subjects with amenorrhoea and
      their value in predicting ovulation induction therapy.
AB  - A scheme of investigation to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms in 142
      women with amenorrhoea is described together with the results of a selective
      ovulation induction programme. Initial screening tests were performed to identify
      patients with conditions which were unlikely to respond to any form of treatment
      (e.g. primary ovarian failure) or in whom other well defined absolute causes of
      infertility were present. The site of defect within the hypothalamic-pituitary
      ovarian axis was then determined by a series of dynamic test procedures. On the
      basis of these results ovulation induction treatment was selected and given for
      six treatment cycles. Ovulation was induced in 89.2% of 556 treatment cycles and
      60.2% of 125 patients treated for up to six cycles conceived. The rationale and
      benefits of such an investigative protocol are discussed.

PMID- 6821238
TI  - State intervention on behalf of endangered children--a proposed legal response.

PMID- 6821241
TI  - The management of infertility: where to stop.
AB  - Many empirical traditional treatments for infertility may improve various
      fertility parameters but have no proven effect on clinical fertility. Diagnosis
      and management of ovulation disorders can be undertaken by most gynaecologists
      and the results are relatively good. Effective treatment for male infertility is
      poor and largely empirical, and artificial insemination by donor (AID) remains
      the mainstay of management. Tubal infertility may be overcome by surgery,
      particularly microsurgery, in selected cases especially sterilization reversal
      with minimal damage. Severe tubal disease is best managed by effective in vitro
      fertilization (IVF) programmes. Criteria of selection for IVF treatment include
      ovarian accessibility at laparoscopy and a normal semen sample. As many of the
      new techniques are difficult and contentious the decision to accept, reject or
      discontinue treatment should be made by the couple themselves after they have
      received a full and unbiased appraisal of their problem and its chance of
      successful management.

PMID- 6821244
TI  - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the oral gold preparation Auranofin].

PMID- 6821242
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and reproductive failure.

PMID- 6821245
TI  - Perspective on ski fractures of the leg and ankle.

PMID- 6821243
TI  - [Side effects and contrast medium resorption of iopamidol and iocarmate in lumbar
      myelography].
AB  - Lumbar myelographies were carried out with lopamidol and locarmat of identical
      concentrations of iodine in 2 groups of 20 patients each. In about one-third of
      the cases, clinical side effects and EEG changes were found after the examination
      without difference with the exception of one seizure and one state of confusion
      which occurred only after locarmat. Resorption of the contrast media was judged
      by CT examinations of the lumbar spine and the head. There was a more rapid
      decrease of lumbar contrast density in patients with a narrow lumbar sac which
      was accompanied by a more rapid intracranial accumulation of the contrast medium.
      This may be due to a more active transport of cerebrospinal fluid in this group
      of patients.

PMID- 6821246
TI  - The spectrum of lower leg injuries in skiing.

PMID- 6821247
TI  - [Assay of IgA specific anti-Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions by
      indirect immunofluorescence].
AB  - 30 vaginal secreta of women affected by acute and chronic trichomoniasis from the
      Gynaecological Hospital S. Anna of Turin were examined. In the same secreta the
      specific IgA anti Trichomonas vaginalis were detected using indirect
      immunofluorescence and titered on LC-Partigen IgA immunodiffusion plates. Only in
      30% of these cases a correlation between immunodiffusion and fluorescence test
      resulted.

PMID- 6821248
TI  - Recessive UAA suppressors of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Recessive lysine-independent revertants were isolated from a psi + haploid strain
      of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing one of the leucine-inserting UAA
      suppressors, SUP29, and various UAA mutations including lys1-1. The majority of
      the revertants were found to have recessive suppressors in addition to the pre
      existing SUP29 mutation. The recessive suppressors were able to suppress only a
      very limited number of UAA mutations, and none of the UAG mutations thus far
      examined. The recessive inefficient UAA suppressors were assigned to three
      complementation groups, sup111, sup112, and sup113. A high incidence of gene
      conversion was observed for an allele of sup111. An antisuppressor acting on
      sup111, but not detectably on SUP29, was inadvertently obtained during the course
      of the study. Interactions between SUP29, sup111 and the antisuppressor asu12
      were studied.

PMID- 6821249
TI  - Spineless-aristapedia: a homeotic gene that does not control the development of
      specific compartments in Drosophila.
AB  - A two-step screen for isolating null mutations of the spineless-aristapedia locus
      has been performed, and several amorphic mutations, as well as a small
      deficiency, have been obtained. With the exception of the deficiency, which
      deletes genes required for viability on either side of the spineless-aristapedia
      locus, these mutations result in a transformation of only the distal antenna into
      distal leg, thereby indicating that the spineless-aristapedia gene is required
      for specifying antennal as opposed to leg development in only the distal portion
      of the antenna. Because this distal region does not appear to be a developmental
      compartment, it is probable that the spineless-aristapedia gene, unlike several
      other homeotic genes, is required for maintaining the correct determined state in
      a population of cells defined by their relative position, not by their ancestry.

PMID- 6821250
TI  - Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster, III. The effect of orientation disruptor
      (ord) on gonial mitotic and the meiotic divisions in males.
AB  - Orientation disruptor (ord), a meiotic mutant that is recombination defective in
      females and disjunction defective in males and females, has been analyzed using
      serial section electron and light microscopy. From analysis of primary
      spermatocytes we have confirmed that ord males are defective in some aspect of
      the mechanism(s) that holds sister chromatids together during meiosis. In
      addition, we have determined that ord causes high frequencies of nondisjunction
      during spermatogonial mitotic divisions, as well as during the meiotic divisions.
      Mitotic nondisjunction involves the large autosomes more frequently than the sex
      chromosomes or chromosome 4 and results in high frequencies of primary
      spermatocytes that are either monosomic or trisomic for chromosome 2 or 3.
      Abnormalities in spermatocyte cyst formation are also observed in males
      homozygous for ord. These abnormalities include loss of regulation of meiotic
      synchrony and the number of gonial cell divisions.

PMID- 6821251
TI  - Dumpy mutations following X-irradiation of Drosophila melanogaster mature sperm
      in oxygen or in nitrogen.
AB  - A comparison was made of the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds
      of dumpy mutations (olv, ov, ol, lv, o and v types), yellow mutations on the
      scute-8 chromosome, white, miniature and forked mutations, and the marker losses
      in the doubly marked Y chromosome [BS Y sc8 (y+)], all of which were induced by X
      rays in mature sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. The results indicate that (1) an
      essential difference does not exist in the oxygen enhancement pattern between the
      different kinds of dumpy mutations, except for the ov exceptions. For these
      exceptions, relatively high enhancement by oxygen is elucidated; (2) a similarity
      exists in the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds of dumpy
      mutations (except for the ov exceptions), yellow, miniature and forked mutations,
      and BS and y+ marker losses; and (3) the oxygen enhancement pattern elucidated
      for the ov exceptions is similar to that for the white mutations. These findings
      suggest that the nature of the different kinds of dumpy mutations is not
      different from one another, except for the ov exceptions, and that except for
      these ov exceptions and the white mutations, there seems to be some kind of
      similarity in the nature of mutation among the different kinds of mutations
      studied.

PMID- 6821253
TI  - [Acute gonococcal lymphadenitis in the absence of other clinical signs of
      gonorrhea].

PMID- 6821255
TI  - [Clinico-evolutive development of a case of papular mucinosis associated with IgG
      lambda paraprotein].

PMID- 6821254
TI  - [Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from patients with suspected pathology as a
      result of sexual contact].

PMID- 6821256
TI  - Cost effectiveness of various spondee-threshold methods.
AB  - Spondees (N:15) chosen from the literature as having relatively homogeneous
      intelligibility were re-recorded to preserve this feature. ST's were collected
      twice from 60 normal-hearing young adults by each of 6 combinations of method
      (ascending, descending, bracketing) and step size (2-, 5-db). A cost-benefit
      analysis (test-retest reliability, time required, agreement with PTA) yielded the
      descending-2-db combination as superior to other combinations.

PMID- 6821259
TI  - Epidural intracranial pressure monitoring: theory and clinical application.

PMID- 6821252
TI  - [Transport and uptake of amino acids by the human erythrocyte membrane].

PMID- 6821260
TI  - [Exploratory study of hemolymph proteins of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)
      vectors of Chagas' disease. I. Triatoma spp].

PMID- 6821261
TI  - [Standardization of the use of filter paper as a support material in serological
      reactions].

PMID- 6821262
TI  - [Simple method of preparing meningococcal antigenic erythrocyte diagnostic
      agents].

PMID- 6821264
TI  - [Associated live vaccine against influenza, adenovirus type 4 and Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae].

PMID- 6821265
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of amantadine in various respiratory infections
      based on the results of a serological study].

PMID- 6821266
TI  - [Evaluation of a radial immunodiffusion method for the quantitative determination
      of influenza virus hemagglutinin].

PMID- 6821263
TI  - [Elaboration and trial of meningococcal erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents of
      serogroups A and C].

PMID- 6821267
TI  - [Factors affecting the results of determining hemagglutinin in inactivated
      influenza vaccines].

PMID- 6821268
TI  - Non-A, non-B hepatitis in experimentally infected chimpanzees with the NIH
      strains F and H.
AB  - The NIH strains F and H of non-A, non-B hepatitis were studied by transmission to
      chimpanzees. They developed biochemical and ultrastructural evidences of non-A,
      non-B hepatitis. Chimpanzee's plasma containing the strain F was passaged further
      three times in the present study, and the results were identical to the original
      report made by SHIMIZU et al. In contrast to the original report, however, the
      prototype strain H inoculum or human plasma supposedly containing only the strain
      H, induced both SHIMIZU's cytoplasmic and nuclear changes in one chimpanzee. This
      result may pour further oil on the flame of recent controversy regarding the
      sequestration of the strains H and F, but we believe at present that the strains
      H and F are separate infectious agents. This is based on the fact that the strain
      F never induced SHIMIZU's nuclear changes, and our detection of an additional
      infectious agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis identical to the NIH strain H. We
      suspect the NIH strain H inoculum provided to us was contaminated by the strain
      F. The conclusion of controversy regarding the strain H should await for further
      studies including a further cross challenge study between the strain H and the
      strain F. Ultrastructural changes of the chimpanzee's liver associated with non
      A, non-B hepatitis are described.

PMID- 6821269
TI  - Effect of clofibrate on fatty acid desaturation of rats treated with ethanol.
AB  - The effect of clofibrate and ethanol in the rat was studied on the following
      aspects of lipid composition and metabolism: liver delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9
      fatty acid desaturases, fatty acid synthetase and fatty acid desaturase
      microsomal electron transport chain activity and serum cholesterol,
      triacylglycerols and high (HDL), low (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL) levels. Clofibrate administered for 9 days (0.3% W/W) did not modify the
      relative composition of liver phospholipids and cholesterol, but did diminish
      triacylglycerol levels increased by ethanol. This effect could be explained by
      the possible beta-adrenergic blocking properties of clofibrate or by an increased
      activity of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Clofibrate also promoted a decrease in
      serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, delta 6 desaturase activity and a
      suppression of the electron transport chain as measured by NADH cytochrome b5
      reductase and NADH cytochrome c reductase. The drug increased delta 9 desaturase
      activity and fatty acid synthetase, while no effect could be found in delta 5
      desaturase activity. The hypocholesterolenic effect of clofibrate can not be
      explained through the delta 6 desaturase inhibition, or the fatty acid synthetase
      enhancement. Ethanol increased the HDL and VLDL and lowered LDL serum
      concentrations, while clofibrate reversed these results. Considering that
      clofibrate could have antiatherosclerotic effect in the rat, it is difficult to
      explain it through these changes in lipoprotein levels, since according to Miller
      and Miller low HDL levels are predictive of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6821270
TI  - Hypophysis effect on the topographical distribution of toad oviduct mucoprotein
      components.
AB  - In the present work the effects of the hypophysis hormones on oviduct mucoprotein
      components distribution patterns were studied. Remarkable changes after treating
      the toad with hypophysis injections were apparent. The distribution pattern for
      hexose, sialic acid, hexosamine and phosphate from 18 hours hypophysis treated
      toads were found to be identical with those obtained from preovulatory period
      animals. On the other hand, the levels for mucoprotein components from hypophysis
      treated animals were found to be approximately one-half or more higher than those
      obtained from postovulatory period toads. Otherwise, hypophysis treatment of the
      toads in preovulatory period had not effect on the levels and distribution
      patterns of mucoprotein components. These results suggest that hypophysis
      hormones are involved in the increase of the oviduct secretory activity.

PMID- 6821271
TI  - Immunogenicity of Trypanosoma cruzi in different animal species.
AB  - The immunogenicity of two fractions (1 500 F and 10 000 F) from epimastigotes of
      Trypanosoma cruzi as well as the supernatant from culture media (SF) were studied
      using hens, rabbits and opossums. For comparative purposes, sera from individuals
      with chronic Chagas' disease were also used. A similar, positive response was
      obtained for the fractions in all the animal species studied using indirect
      hemagglutination test. Supernatants from culture media were the least
      immunogenic. By double immunodiffusion test, it was possible to detect a positive
      response to a different number as well as to different antigens in the three
      animal species, but there was response to a common antigen by all the different
      animal species. The common antigen called here major, was present in all the
      fractions assayed. Human sera from individuals chronically infected showed a
      variable response. When assayed by double immunodiffusion technique, the major
      antigen could be detected in just a few samples.

PMID- 6821272
TI  - Increasing the sensitivity of systolic time intervals in coronary heart disease
      patients by means of stimulated tachycardia and pharmacological heart loads
      (isoproterenol, nitroglycerine, propranolol).

PMID- 6821273
TI  - [Non-respiratory acidosis observed in infants and children during general
      anesthesia. I. Acid-base imbalance during induction of anesthesia].

PMID- 6821274
TI  - [Ossification of the sacrospinal ligament].

PMID- 6821275
TI  - [Heterotopic ossifications of the cervical region].

PMID- 6821276
TI  - Monoamine-related markers of depression: changes following treatment.
AB  - Changes in adrenoceptor and serotonin receptor activities, and platelet serotonin
      uptake, in a group of moderately depressed patients before and during treatment
      have been monitored. alpha 2 and beta-adrenoceptor densities on platelets and
      lymphocytes were markedly higher before treatment commenced and decreased to
      approximately control values following clinical response to drug treatment;
      patients not responding to such treatment failed to show any attenuation of the
      receptor hypersensitivity. Responders and non-responders showed differing
      receptor affinity for the ligands at the conclusion of the treatment period.
      Platelet serotonin receptor activity and uptake were lower before the start of
      treatment than in those patients who responded to therapy. There was no
      difference between plasma free and bound tryptophan concentrations of patients
      and controls, either before or during treatment. The observed changes in receptor
      function may correlate with changes in the clinical status of depressed patients.

PMID- 6821277
TI  - Elevation of the free thyroxine index in psychiatric patients.
AB  - We calculated a free triiodothyronine (FT3) index on 124 patients who exhibited
      symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism and elevations of the free thyroxine (FT4)
      index on initial screening. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test served as
      the final arbiter of thyroid function if the clinical presentation was not
      characteristic of hyperthyroidism or if the FT3 index was not elevated. Forty-one
      of the 124 patients had normal TRH tests and were thus classified as euthyroid.
      Of these patients with the so-called euthyroid sick syndrome, 23 had psychiatric
      disorders. In a separate study, we measured a FT4 index on 100 unselected
      admissions to the psychiatric ward. Of six patients with elevated FT4 values,
      only one had hyperthyroidism. We conclude that false positive FT4 index
      elevations occur commonly in psychiatric patients. The mechanism(s) for the FT4
      index elevations remain obscure. Despite some limitations, the TRH test is a
      valuable diagnostic adjunct for diagnosing hyperthyroidism in the mentally ill
      patient when other tests and serial observations are inconclusive.

PMID- 6821278
TI  - [Research in periodontology. Targets, difficulties and experimental prototypes
      (models)].

PMID- 6821279
TI  - [Contemporary aspects of resin bonding agents].

PMID- 6821280
TI  - [Craniofacial manifestations in Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes].

PMID- 6821281
TI  - [Hemangiomatous granuloma of the oral cavity. A clinicopathological study of 162
      cases].

PMID- 6821282
TI  - [The problem of duodenal diverticula].

PMID- 6821283
TI  - [Experimental murine trypanosomiasis. Therapeutic trials. I. Effect of
      allopurinol].

PMID- 6821284
TI  - [Survey on Corynebacterium diphtheriae carriers and susceptibility to Schick's
      toxin in diphtheria contacts].

PMID- 6821285
TI  - [Efficiency of various irrigation technics and solutions in removing debris from
      the interior of root canals].

PMID- 6821287
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the pancreas and spleen in the most common experimental
      animals].

PMID- 6821286
TI  - Androgen regulation of progestin biosynthetic enzymes in FSH-treated rat
      granulosa cells in vitro.
AB  - The influence of androgens on the FSH modulation of progestin biosynthetic
      enzymes was studied in vitro. Granulosa cells obtained from immature,
      hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats were cultured for 3 days in a serum-free
      medium containing FSH (20 ng/ml) with or without increasing concentrations (10(
      9)-10(-6)M) or 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (dihydrotestosterone;
      DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), or the synthetic
      androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17-methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3-one (methyltrienolone;
      R1881). FSH treatment increased progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one
      (20 alpha-OH-P) production by 10.2- and 11-fold, respectively. Concurrent
      androgen treatment augmented FSH-stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P
      production in a dose-related manner (R1881 greater than 3 alpha-diol greater than
      DHT). In the presence of an inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3
      beta-HSD), the FSH-stimulated pregnenolone (3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one)
      production (a 20-fold increase) was further enhanced by co-treatment with R1881,
      3 alpha-diol or DHT. Furthermore, FSH treatment increased 4.4-fold the activity
      of 3 beta-HSD, which converts pregnenolone to progesterone. This stimulatory
      action of FSH was further augmented by concurrent androgen treatment. In
      contrast, androgen treatment did not affect FSH-stimulated activity of a
      progesterone breakdown enzyme, 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha
      HSD). These results demonstrate that the augmenting effect of androgens upon FSH
      stimulated progesterone biosynthesis is not due to changes in the conversion of
      progesterone to 20 alpha-OH-P, but involves an enhancing action upon 3 beta
      HSD/delta 5,delta 4-isomerase complexes and additional enzymes prior to
      pregnenolone biosynthesis.

PMID- 6821288
TI  - Endoscopic hemostasis using laser photocoagulation and electrocoagulation.

PMID- 6821290
TI  - Expression of immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6821289
TI  - The costs of endoscopy and alternatives. The current state of knowledge.

PMID- 6821292
TI  - [Ataxia in rolling mouse Nagoya and the norepinephrine system--a
      psychopharmacological study].
AB  - Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN), an ataxia mutant mouse, is adequate to checking up
      the efficacy of drugs on the ataxic movement disorders. The effects of some drugs
      on the ataxia of RMN were investigated by open field study. The drugs
      administered to RMN were as follows: TRH, FLA-63, DL-threo-DOPS, phenoxybenzamine
      and propranolol. Ataxic gait of RMN were remarkably improved by TRH, but remained
      unchanged by other drugs. The pretreatments with FLA-63, DOPS and
      phenoxybenzamine were not influenced to the antiataxic effects of TRH, while the
      pretreatment with propranolol increased the antiataxic effect of TRH in RMN.
      These results suggest that mechanism of the improvement of ataxic gait by TRH may
      not be sufficiently explained through only changing norepinephrine metabolism.

PMID- 6821291
TI  - [Tracheobronchopathia chondro-osteoplastica in a leprosy patient].

PMID- 6821293
TI  - [Ultrastructural identification of fiber types in the skeletal muscles of the
      toad Bufo marinus].

PMID- 6821295
TI  - [Specificity and mechanism of action of bacterial toxins].

PMID- 6821294
TI  - The supposed involvement of dogs carrying Brucella suis in the spread of swine
      brucellosis.

PMID- 6821297
TI  - [Serological diagnosis with complement fixation and ELISA in one of our cases of
      acute respiratory infections].

PMID- 6821296
TI  - [Correlation between beta-lactamase production and the test of in vitro enzyme
      induction in 70 strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated in a hospital
      environment].

PMID- 6821299
TI  - A cost/benefit study of clinical education in selected allied health programs.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to analyze the costs and benefits to health care
      facilities of participating in the clinical education of allied health students.
      The subjects of this study are six allied health education programs offered at
      Miami-Dade Community College in affiliation with 37 health care facilities. Data
      for the study were gathered by survey instruments distributed to supervisors and
      staff members of the clinical affiliates. Respondents were asked to estimate the
      amount of time devoted to educational activities and the cost of any supplies
      used for educational purposes. The average of these reported figures constitutes
      the debit or cost aspect of the affiliation. The credit or benefit aspect
      includes the contribution of students to performance of the daily workload. The
      results of the surveys were compiled, and the averages of the responses were
      presented in table form. In all six allied health programs, the debit sum was
      greater than the credit sum. The final figures reported are the costs per student
      per day for each of the programs.

PMID- 6821301
TI  - Treatment of grand mal seizures with "Qingyangshen" (root of Cynanchum
      otophyllum) and observations on experimental animals.

PMID- 6821300
TI  - Ethical issues in the health care system.
AB  - The purposes of this article are to discuss ethics and ethical principles as
      bases for decision making by health care professionals and to encourage dialogue
      among these professionals. Most people who begin a study of philosophy and ethics
      have philosophical beliefs; they have formed opinions about values and what
      constitutes ethical and moral behavior; they have ideas about autonomy and its
      place in the social structure. Advances in modern medical technology have,
      however, introduced new concerns among health care providers and consumers.
      Increased costs of provider services have tended to focus attention on costs and
      benefits of care, using monetary terms only. This article addresses the relation
      of ethics and morals to autonomy and the intertwining of specific concepts with
      costs and benefits to the consumer where costs to personal dignity and self-image
      are of particular importance. Included are a brief discussion of philosophical
      bases for decision making and definitions of terms common to the study of ethics.

PMID- 6821298
TI  - [Lymphocyte function in patients with chronic active hepatitis and acute viral
      hepatitis B in relation to the production of gamma interferon].

PMID- 6821302
TI  - [Effect of sodium fluoride on the growth and lactate production of Streptococcus
      salivarius, Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus faecalis].

PMID- 6821303
TI  - [Pharmacological studies in hypothalamic disorder-induced obesity in mice. Effect
      of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents on hypothalamic disorder-induced
      obesity in mice].

PMID- 6821305
TI  - [Radiographic course of amyelic somatic vertebral fractures of the dorso-lumbar
      spine].

PMID- 6821304
TI  - [Production of cadaverine in saliva].

PMID- 6821306
TI  - Hormone and metabolic profiles in children and adolescents with type I diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Diurnal concentrations of glucose, the major regulatory hormones, and selected
      biochemistries were measured serially throughout a 25-h period in 38 healthy type
      I diabetic patients, 25 patients with acute ketoacidosis, and 20 normal subjects.
      Poor glucose control, meal intolerance, and hypercortisolemia were the dominant
      abnormalities in the healthy diabetic subjects. Ketonemia due to elevated plasma
      beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations without ketonuria (nitroprusside reaction)
      was a frequent finding in a group of poorly controlled diabetic subjects. In the
      patients with acute ketoacidosis, the dominant abnormalities were overproduction
      of epinephrine and cortisol. High glucagon and growth hormone concentrations were
      documented in about one-half of these patients. We conclude that (1) the
      hyperglycemia, meal intolerance, and abnormal ketone body metabolism seen in
      these patients are caused by inadequacies in their insulin regimens; (2) ketone
      body underutilization contributes to diabetic ketosis; (3) epinephrine and
      cortisol overproduction are important components of acute ketoacidosis; and (4)
      the complex hormone-metabolic interactions in type I diabetes can best be
      explained by a multihormonal hypothesis with the primary defect being loss of
      beta-cell function.

PMID- 6821307
TI  - Optimal insulin delivery in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic,
      hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC).
AB  - Both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
      (HHNC) are stressful metabolic occurrences brought about by the orchestration of
      numerous events. Adequate hydration and replacement of electrolytes, along with
      physiologic doses of insulin, are treatment objectives for both of these
      conditions. Additionally, the physician must search for the factors precipitating
      these events and frequently evaluate the patient's overall condition.

PMID- 6821308
TI  - Pancreatic transplantation as a means of insulin delivery.
AB  - The normal beta-cell is in essence a closed-loop system for insulin delivery. The
      successful transplantation of islets into diabetics should provide a means of
      maintaining normoglycemia in the recipients and determining whether this would
      prevent, arrest, or reverse the complications of diabetes. The accomplishments
      leading toward this idealized objective have shown that in the experimental
      animal, diabetes can be reversed by islet transplantation. Early microvascular
      complications of diabetes are reversed. Three pretreatment procedures have been
      developed that prevent rejection of islets transplanted between strains of
      animals without immunosuppression of the recipients, and two pretreatment
      procedures have been shown to prevent immune rejection of rat islets transplanted
      into diabetic mice without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The critical
      problems remaining are the development of procedures for the mass isolation of
      islets that would be required for human transplantation, and if this is
      successful, determining whether the pretreatment regimens that prevent rejection
      in mice and rats will be applicable to man.

PMID- 6821309
TI  - Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and TSH levels and TSH release after TRH in
      aging male and female rats.
AB  - Serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4, pituitary responsiveness to TRH, and T3-resin
      uptake were examined in aging male and female rats. Despite normal serum TSH
      levels, serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly reduced in old male rats (19-26
      months of age) when compared to young (120-150 days of age) and middle-aged males
      (12-1- months of age). In old female rats, serum TSH and T3 levels were not
      significantly (p greater than 0.05) different from those of young or middle-aged
      females. Serum T4 levels were significantly lower in old females when compared to
      younger rats. The T3-resin uptake of old rats was not significantly different
      from the value of young rats. Serum T4 levels, 3 hours after TRH induced TSH
      release, were significantly depressed in old male and female rats. Pituitary
      sensitivity to TRH was unaltered in old rats. These findings suggest that
      thyroidal release of T4 and T3 is depressed, and that the hypothalamic-pituitary
      axis is insensitive to diminished thyroid hormone feedback in old rats.

PMID- 6821310
TI  - Neuroendocrine control of ovarian autografts.
AB  - At 24 days of age, either one or both ovaries of female rats were removed and
      transplanted subcutaneously on their respective side. Relative to sham operated
      rats, endocrine effects of the ovarian grafts were as follows: 1) Animals with
      ovarian grafts showed an advancement of puberty, 2) rats with bilateral grafts
      showed more 5 day estrous cycles and higher FSH levels, 3) hemi-ovariectomy of
      animals with bilateral grafts produced a greater increase in both LH and FSH 6-8
      hr post-surgery in contrast to controls which only showed an increase in serum
      FSH levels, 4) weights of the bilateral grafts were comparable to intact ovaries,
      but the unilateral grafts were small and comparable to their original size at the
      time of transplantation (the intact ovary showing compensatory hypertrophy), 5)
      both control and bilateral ovarian graft groups showed ovarian compensatory
      hypertrophy, 6) removal of the small unilateral ovarian graft had no detectable
      endocrine effect on the remaining intact ovary which had already undergone
      compensatory hypertrophy, 7) removal of the intact ovary of rats with a
      unilateral graft produced a remarkable increase in the weight of the remaining
      small autograft such that these animals had the largest remaining gonad as well
      as higher uterine weights than controls. Thus, although ovarian autografts appear
      to function similar to in situ glands, the alterations in puberty, estrous
      cycles, FSH and LH levels and uterine weights suggest that endocrine control
      mechanisms are altered in rats with ovarian grafts.

PMID- 6821311
TI  - Hereditary disturbance of hearing.
AB  - As 40-60% of all heredity disturbances are of genetic origin, it is necessary to
      apply complex human genetic methods in diagnosis and prevention. Formerly
      clinicogenetic examinations in most cases only implied the analyses of hereditary
      constitution. An observation as demonstrated through the examples of several
      kinships with hereditary disturbances of hearing may serve as a model of complex
      clinicogenetic investigations. In all cases the diagnosis of hereditary
      disturbances of hearing must be followed by human genetic family advice.

PMID- 6821313
TI  - Filtrability of whole blood and erythrocyte suspensions under the influence of
      several anticoagulants.
AB  - Red cell deformability was frequently estimated by filtration tests. Filtrability
      tests with whole blood samples reveal striking differences in flow rate depending
      on the anticoagulant used. To clarify the reasons for this filtrability of whole
      blood samples and of red cell suspensions with similar packed cell volume were
      compared under the influence of EDTA-Na2 1.5 mg/ml, heparin 75 U/ml, and citrate
      Na 0.38% (w/v). Furthermore, after use in whole blood filtration test filters
      were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filtration tests with red
      cell suspensions in presence of the different anticoagulants revealed no
      significant differences. This suggests that the differences in filtrability of
      differently anticoagulated whole blood samples are not reflecting differences in
      red cell deformability but different reactivity of the coagulation or the
      platelet system. SEM examination of filters after filtration tests with
      heparinised whole blood samples showed large platelet adhesions covering the
      filters and blocking the filter pores to a great extent. Since this is not found
      in case of EDTA-anticoagulated samples this anticoagulation is recommended for
      filtration tests of whole blood samples, if red cell deformability cannot be
      examined with platelet-free red cell suspensions.

PMID- 6821314
TI  - [Hematic viscosimetry. Methodologic approach].

PMID- 6821312
TI  - Ototoxicity of aminoglucoside antibiotics in long-term treatment for cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 6821316
TI  - Pharmacological improvement of altered red cell deformability.
AB  - Red cell deformability can be approached on a large clinical scale using
      filtration methods. Filtration and/or deformability have been shown to be reduced
      during vascular diseases. The biochemistry of red cell deformability can help to
      understand this phenomenon. Pentoxifylline increases red cell deformability. Its
      clinical efficacy in circulatory impairment is demonstrated.

PMID- 6821315
TI  - Platelet aggregation testing.
AB  - The authors review the methods currently used for platelet aggregation testing,
      which are mainly grouped in two classes: 1. methods measuring the sensitivity of
      platelets to aggregating agents and to mechanical stimulation in vitro and 2.
      methods measuring the spontaneous tendency of platelets to aggregate in vivo.
      Their advantages, their pitfalls and their potential usefulness are reported. The
      platelet behavior as assessed by the available methods is not strictly related to
      the true platelet behavior in circulating blood. Therefore much criticism is
      requested in the interpretation of the results obtained for a given group of
      subjects with a given method and any unallowed extrapolation must be avoided.

PMID- 6821317
TI  - [Hemorrheologic changes in various metabolic syndromes].

PMID- 6821318
TI  - Glycogen synthase of Schistosoma mansoni: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6821319
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 6821321
TI  - Penicillinase producing gonococci in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 6821320
TI  - [Pregnancy complicated by ISO-Rh in a patient born with bladder exstrophy and
      operated on by sigmoidal implantation of the ureters].

PMID- 6821322
TI  - A monoclonal antibody specific for the 200 K polypeptide of the neurofilament
      triplet.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody, designated NF1, was obtained from a cloned hybridoma
      isolated from a fusion of mouse myeloma Sp2 cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c
      mouse immunized with a crude neurofilament preparation from porcine spinal cord.
      NF1 is an IgG1 and recognizes, in immune blotting procedures, only the 200 K
      neurofilament triplet component. Its neurofilament-specific nature is further
      revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy studies on frozen tissue sections and
      various cultured cells. Immunoelectron microscopy studies on cytoskeletons of
      cultured neurones emphasize the discontinuous display along each neurofilament
      previously observed with polyclonal antibodies specific for the 200 K component
      after appropriate but rather cumbersome cross-absorption steps. Use of NF1 on
      various neuronal cells strongly supports the previous proposal of the existence
      of certain subpopulations of neurofilament-free neurones and the observation that
      certain neuronal arrangements, (e.g., those in dendrites of pyramidal cells of
      the hippocampus), although rich in neurofilaments, probably lack the normal 200 K
      triplet component. Since NF1 shows a broad cross-species reactivity and is able
      to react on formaldehyde-fixed tissue, it should be a useful reagent to study
      differential neurofilament expression and organization in embryonic, adult and
      pathological tissues.

PMID- 6821324
TI  - Management of Reye's syndrome: a rational approach to a complex problem.

PMID- 6821325
TI  - Lysosomal storage diseases.

PMID- 6821323
TI  - Production of specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies to choline
      acetyltransferase: characterization and use for identification of cholinergic
      neurons.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) has been purified from pig brain to greater than
      95% homogeneity (purification factor: 646 000, specific activity of the purified
      enzyme: 128 mumol acetylcholine formed/min/mg). Gel electrophoresis of the
      purified enzyme in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate and beta
      mercaptoethanol revealed a single protein band at 68 000 daltons.
      Immunoprecipitation and double immunodiffusion tests showed that antisera raised
      against this protein specifically recognize ChAT. A monoclonal antibody prepared
      against the enzyme specifically binds a protein from crude pig brain supernatants
      which has a mol. wt. of 68 000 and a specific activity of 153 mumol/min/mg. This
      antibody shows no species cross-reactivity. The specificity of the
      immunohistochemical localization of ChAT has been established by comparing the
      labeling of pig retina using the antiserum with that obtained using the
      monoclonal antibody. Both probes specifically identify the same retinal
      structures: labeled cell bodies are found in the inner nuclear layer and the
      ganglion cell layer, while a double band is stained in the inner plexiform layer.
      In rat spinal cord, the antiserum labels the motoneurons and the preganglionic
      sympathetic neurons, located in the intermedio-lateral nucleus, the intercalated
      region, and the central autonomic area.

PMID- 6821326
TI  - [Effect of sulpiride and castration on mammary carcinogenesis caused by 7,12
      dimethylbenzanthracene in the Wistar rat].
AB  - DMBA exerts strong oncogenic activity on the mammary tissue of female Wistar
      rats, inducing neoplasms in 74% of the animals exposed to it. Most of the tumors
      obtained in this way are of an epithelial nature, and show histological
      characteristics of malignancy. The castration of animals which have been
      administered DMBA drastically reduces the appearance of tumors, but does not
      totally eliminate them. The joint administration of Sulpiride and DMBA neither
      modifies the incidence of mammarian tumors nor their nature and histology with
      respect to the tumors obtained from the administration of DMBA alone. Sulpiride
      does not modify the DMBA tumoral induction in castrated rats. The Sulpiride
      itself cannot induce mammarian tumors in Wistar rats, according to the Huggins
      experimental model (production of mammarian tumors in Wistar rats by the
      administration of DMBA). The stimulating diencephalic action of the secretion of
      prolactin with Sulpiride is not tumorogenical in the experimental model
      investigated.

PMID- 6821328
TI  - Recent advances in classification of viruses of vertebrates.

PMID- 6821327
TI  - [Continuous partial epilepsy in a case of cerebral abscess of long duration].
AB  - A patient affected by continuous clonus of the right half of his tongue and face
      with dysphasia and right hemiparesis is described. Partial continuous epilepsy of
      Kojewnikow was diagnosed. The CT scan showed a spreading lesion surrounded by
      intense oedema in the left central region, as well as a longstanding subdural
      hematoma complicated by osteitis. This finding lead to a diagnosis of cerebral
      abscess which was confirmed by surgery. In this paper it is also analyzed the
      cortical and/or subcortical origin of this peculiar type of epilepsia.

PMID- 6821329
TI  - [Viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae tracheobronchitis in childhood. Data collected
      in parma from 1975 to 1982].

PMID- 6821330
TI  - [Specific bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in patients with
      cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 6821331
TI  - [Antimicrobial action of benzoyl peroxide].

PMID- 6821332
TI  - Fringe pattern photobleaching, a new method for the measurement of transport
      coefficients of biological macromolecules.
AB  - The conventional method of studying mass transport in membranes by spot
      photobleaching and then following the recovery of fluorescence has disadvantages.
      Among them, the need for a high density of fluorescent molecules, the measurement
      of the beam profile, and a knowledge of the photobleaching processes are of a
      crucial importance. The application of a planar fringe pattern of light both for
      the bleaching and the monitoring of the fluorescent molecules solves these three
      major difficulties. Brownian diffusion coefficients and flow velocities can be
      measured independently and are averaged over the whole fringe pattern volume.
      These transport coefficients are explored over the wide range of experimentally
      accessible distances (from an interfringe spacing 0.5-50 micron). The
      quantification of the mobile and immobile components is further simplified by
      scanning the fringe pattern and detecting only a modulated fluorescence recovery
      signal. The fringe pattern photobleaching method is particularly adapted to the
      measurements of diffusion coefficients and flow velocity of membrane components,
      as well as of cytoplasmic proteins. The theoretical results and the test
      experiments with fluorescent bovine serum albumin are described.

PMID- 6821333
TI  - Regulation of heat-shock genes: a DNA sequence upstream of Drosophila hsp70 genes
      is essential for their induction in monkey cells.
AB  - Heat-shock genes coding for heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in Drosophila
      melanogaster were subcloned into an SV40/plasmid recombinant capable of
      replication in permissive monkey COS cells. Following transfection of COS cells,
      no significant amount of Drosophila hsp70 RNA was detected at 37 degrees C. In
      contrast, a heat-shock at 43 degrees C or arsenite poisoning at 37 degrees C
      induced the massive production of Drosophila hsp70 RNA of correct size and
      faithful 5' ends. After heat-shock, the efficiency of hsp70 transcription in COS
      cells containing 2-4 X 10(4) gene copies was found to be 15-30% of that measured
      in Drosophila, on a per gene basis. By testing a series of 5' deletion mutants in
      this inducible transcription assay it was found that a sequence less than 70 bp
      long, directly upstream of the hsp70 gene, was essential for the heat or arsenite
      induction of transcription.

PMID- 6821334
TI  - The variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma equiperdum are phosphorylated.
AB  - The phosphoproteins from three Trypanosoma equiperdum variants were studied by
      labelling the parasites in vivo with 32P. Phosphoprotein analysis reveals the
      presence of a 58 000 mol. wt. phosphoprotein ( pp58 ) which is absent when live
      trypanosomes are pre-treated with proteinase K under conditions where only the
      surface coat containing the variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) is removed.
      Immunological and fingerprint analysis on labelled pp58 , purified from these
      variants by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose, clearly identify
      this component as the VSG. Furthermore, the VSGs seem to be phosphorylated to the
      extent of 1 mol phosphate per mol glycoprotein. The phosphorylated region is
      located in the extreme C-terminal region representing approximately 10% of the
      total molecule. The phosphorylated residue is not an aliphatic or aromatic ester
      of serine, threonine, or tyrosine, nor an acyl phosphate involving an aspartyl or
      glutamyl residue, nor phosphohistidine. The evidence that VSGs are phosphorylated
      could have considerable implications for the transfer and function of these
      structures.

PMID- 6821335
TI  - Changes in the methylation pattern of core histones during heat-shock in
      Drosophila cells.
AB  - The post-translational methylation of histones in the presence of inhibitors of
      protein synthesis, was studied during a heat-shock to Drosophila cells in
      culture. In control cells (23 degrees C), both histones H3 and H4 are methylated.
      After heat-shock (37 degrees C), there is a dramatic reduction in the methylation
      of H3 and an increase in the methylation of another core histone identified as
      H2B. These changes in the pattern of methylation vary with the temperature of the
      heat-shock. The increased methylation of H2B is also observed in arsenite-treated
      cells but the methylation of H3 is unchanged, being similar to that observed in
      control cells. Inhibition of synthesis of heat-shock proteins has no effect on
      the methylation changes, suggesting that heat-shock proteins are not directly
      involved in the methylation reaction. These changes could be involved in the
      extensive transcriptional regulation occurring in these cells during heat-shock.

PMID- 6821336
TI  - Expression of a Drosophila heat-shock protein in Xenopus oocytes: conserved and
      divergent regulatory signals.
AB  - On injection of cloned Drosophila hsp70 heat-shock genes into Xenopus oocytes,
      heat-inducible expression is observed: the level of correctly initiated
      transcripts is increased 20- to 100-fold on heat shock at 34 degrees C. We show
      that this induction is due to activation of the heat-shock gene promoter, and
      that the DNA sequences required for induction lie between 10 and 66 bases
      upstream from the transcription start site. Most heat-induced transcripts have a
      correct 3' end, and hsp70 mRNA activity is detectable after extraction of the RNA
      from oocytes and subsequent in vitro translation. Drosophila heat-shock protein
      (hsp70) is synthesised in the injected oocytes after heat-shock, but only at low
      temperature. Under heat-shock conditions, Drosophila hsp70 mRNA translation is
      reduced 10-fold as is translation of the normal (25 degrees C) mRNAs, whereas
      translation of the endogenous Xenopus hsp70 mRNA is strongly induced. Translation
      of Drosophila heat-shock mRNAs extracted from flies and injected into the oocytes
      is also reduced by heat-shock. This suggests that Xenopus oocytes do not
      recognise the translational regulatory signals of Drosophila heat-shock mRNAs. In
      contrast, the signals for heat-induced transcription must be strongly conserved
      between Xenopus and Drosophila.

PMID- 6821337
TI  - Influence of some bacterial components on some mononuclear phagocyte system
      functions.
AB  - The effects of Listeria monocytogenes treatment on some functions of peritoneal
      macrophages in tumor-bearing rats were evaluated. In particular phagocytosis and
      intracellular killing of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and chemotactic
      response to activated serum were studied in untreated and treated animals.
      Different restoration of macrophage functions, depressed in tumor-bearing rats,
      was obtained by treatment with whole formolinated L. monocytogenes or its crude
      extract.

PMID- 6821338
TI  - [Findings on the spread of anthrax spores in the provincial territory of Milan
      with tanneries].
AB  - This paper presents the results of a research, started since 1976, on the
      environmental spreading of the Anthrax spores in the county of Milan, where there
      is an high concentration of leather manufactures preparing and tanning skins
      mostly imported from Africa. B. anthracis spores were found in the raw skins, in
      the sewage water from the tanning units and in the fresh and dry sludges from the
      tannery water treatment plants. We propose hereby few operational procedures for
      the sanitizing of the imported skins and for the treatment of the tannery sludges
      in order to avoid the spreading of the Anthrax spores on the territory and the
      consequent threat to the health of the population and of the live-stock.

PMID- 6821339
TI  - [Epidemiology of the spread of salmonellosis in the region of Bari].
AB  - Three researches undertaken in Bari, with the aim of clarifying the
      epidemiological circles that determine the typhoid and paratyphoid endemia as
      well as the so-called salmonellosis minor, are reported here. The results
      obtained confirm the important role that eating shellfishes plays in spreading of
      typhoid cases in a sea-town like Bari. Furthermore, data obtained showed that the
      importing mechanism of infected animals, and then the slaughter-houses and the
      butcheries , are accounting for spreading of exotic Salmonellae in our country.

PMID- 6821340
TI  - [Effect of protein and energy intake on nitrogen metabolism of undernourished
      patients on continuous enteral nutrition].
AB  - Nitrogen balance, energy balance and respiratory quotient were measured in 18
      undernourished patients fed with continuous enteral nutrition in order to assess
      the effects of: a) various levels of protein and energy intakes with a fixed diet
      composition; b) energy/nitrogen ratio; c) proportions of carbohydrates in energy
      intake. The results were the following: 1) With energy intakes from 4,880 to
      8,360 kJ/m2/day (protein: 18 p. 100) nitrogen balance and net protein absorption
      were significantly correlated with nitrogen intake (respectively P less than 0.01
      and P less than 0.001). 2) Nitrogen balance was not significantly different
      whether the patient received normo (energy/nitrogen = 476 kJ/g) or hypernutrition
      ( energy /nitrogen = 1,056 kJ/g). 3) Nitrogen balance was not different in 6
      patients receiving the same energy and nitrogen intakes but 80 or 55 p. 100
      carbohydrates; high carbohydrates diet induced lipid synthesis. These results
      confirm the value of continuous enteral nutrition to positive nitrogen balance in
      undernourished patients. Except when energy expenditure level is very high they
      do not support a policy of routinely use hypernutrition with high carbohydrates
      diet.

PMID- 6821341
TI  - [Acute diarrhea in children. Abstracts of presentations and discussions at a
      symposium on acute diarrhea in children].

PMID- 6821342
TI  - [Cimetidine in the treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage].

PMID- 6821343
TI  - Thal's procedure in the management of ruptured Chagas megaesophagus.

PMID- 6821344
TI  - [Therapeutic failures, complications and mortality in the treatment of amebic
      hepatic abscess].

PMID- 6821345
TI  - [Massive trichocephaliasis and other helminthiasis in children and its treatment
      with pyrantel pamoate/oxantel].

PMID- 6821346
TI  - [Vaccine against hepatitis B].

PMID- 6821347
TI  - [Alcohol and pancreas].

PMID- 6821348
TI  - [Acute gastric volvulus].

PMID- 6821349
TI  - [Common hepatic artery aneurysm as the cause of obstructive jaundice and
      hemobilia].

PMID- 6821350
TI  - Endocrines in protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 6821351
TI  - Importance of serine formation and choline supply in methionine methyl carbon
      oxidation in the rat.

PMID- 6821352
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of a parasite from Bufo marinus called Toxoplasma serpai].

PMID- 6821353
TI  - 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of dopaminergic A10 neurons. Long-term effects on the
      urinary excretion of free and conjugated catecholamines and their metabolites in
      the rat.
AB  - Free and conjugated catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) and
      their methoxylated and/or deaminated metabolites were studied in rat urine after
      the bilateral destruction of the A10 dopaminergic cell group. Two months after
      the lesion, dopamine (DA) loss reached 91% in the nucleus accumbens, and was
      greater than 80% in olfactory tubercles, lateral septum and frontal cortex. At
      the same time urinary conjugated dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was decreased
      by 45% whilst homovanillic acid (HVA) was increased only in its sulfated form
      (+62%). In contrast, no changes were observed in the free and conjugated forms of
      urinary DA, 3-methoxytyramine noradrenaline, normetanephrine, adrenaline,
      vanylmandelic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and in the free forms of
      DOPAC and HVA. The present report confirms and extends our previous findings on
      the relationships between central dopaminergic activity and urinary deaminated
      metabolites of DA in the rat. It emphasizes the interest of urinary assays which
      could provide in vivo information on CNS functions.

PMID- 6821354
TI  - A regular meal and insulin infusion regimen: its use in the treatment of acute
      onset ketotic diabetes and in stabilization of poorly controlled established
      diabetic subjects.
AB  - A simple regimen, consisting of a constant intravenous insulin infusion at either
      a basal, nocturnal rate or at a daytime rate matched by seven small, isocaloric
      meals taken every 2 h, has been applied to two clinical situations requiring
      optimal blood glucose control. In eight poorly controlled established diabetic
      subjects, quantitative estimates of daily insulin requirements were possible,
      with consequent improved control upon reinstitution of twice-daily subcutaneous
      insulin. In five acute-onset, ketotic diabetic subjects first treated by
      intravenous saline and low-dose intramuscular insulin, the regimen was used to
      achieve and maintain basal and postprandial normoglycemia. Ketonuria was
      abolished quickly in these patients, and falling insulin requirements and large
      doses of insulin were handled easily. In both clinical situations, subsequent
      subcutaneous insulin doses required little adjustment. The regimen is cheap,
      convenient to use, and widely applicable.

PMID- 6821355
TI  - Isolation of a basophilic membrane protein binding the anti-allergic drug
      cromolyn.
AB  - The membrane protein component in basophils, responsible for the specific, Ca2+
      dependent, binding of the anti-allergic drug cromolyn [disodium cromoglycate,
      DSCG; the disodium salt of 1,2 bis(2- carboxychromon -5- yloxy )-2-hydroxy
      propane] was isolated by two procedures based on affinity for the drug. In the
      first procedure, involving immunoprecipitation, rat basophilic leukemia cells
      (RBL-2H3), surface labeled by 125I were reacted with a polyvalent conjugate of
      DSCG and bovine serum albumin and then subjected to solubilization by the non
      ionic detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40). From these lysates, precipitation was
      specifically attained by subsequent addition of rabbit anti-DSCG antibodies. In
      an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a single radioactive band
      was observed, having an apparent mol. wt. of 60 000 daltons. Competitive
      inhibition of the immunoprecipitation in the presence of free drug or excess of
      EDTA demonstrated the specificity of the isolation. Furthermore, this particular
      membrane component could not be isolated from several other cell types examined.
      The second isolation from several other cell types examined. The second isolation
      procedure employed affinity chromatography on DSCG immobilized on polyacryl-
      hydrazido agarose beads. The DSCG-binding protein was eluted from the affinity
      column with either DSCG or with EDTA and also migrated on SDS-PAGE as a single
      band of 60 000 mol. wt., similar to that obtained by the immunoprecipitation
      procedure. These and other results suggest that this newly isolated protein is
      the one responsible for the Ca2+-dependent binding of the drug to the basophil
      membrane.

PMID- 6821356
TI  - Translation and assembly of HLA-DR antigens in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA
      from a human B-cell line.
AB  - HLA-DR antigens are polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins, expressed primarily
      in B lymphocytes and macrophages, which are thought to play an important role in
      the immune response. Two polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, are associated at
      the cell surface, and a third chain associates with alpha and beta
      intracellularly. RNA isolated from the human B-cell line Raji was injected in
      Xenopus laevis oocytes. Immunoprecipitates of translation products with several
      monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of HLA-DR antigens similar to those
      synthesized in Raji cells. One monoclonal antibody was able to bind the beta
      chain after dissociation of the three polypeptide chains with detergent. The
      presence of all three chains was confirmed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. The glycosylation pattern of the three chains was identical to
      that observed in vivo, as evidenced in studies using tunicamycin, an inhibitor of
      N-linked glycosylation. The presence of alpha chains assembled with beta chains
      in equimolar ratio was further demonstrated by amino-terminal sequencing. An RNA
      fraction enriched for the three mRNAs, encoding alpha, beta, and intracellular
      chains, was isolated. This translation-assembly system and the availability of
      monoclonal antibodies make it possible to assay for mRNA encoding specific
      molecules among the multiple human Ia-like antigens.

PMID- 6821358
TI  - [Evaluation of the activity of prostaglandin synthetase in biopsies of the cardio
      esophageal region. Relation between sliding hiatal hernia and reflux
      esophagitis].

PMID- 6821357
TI  - Different modes of internalization of proteins associated with adhaerens
      junctions and desmosomes: experimental separation of lateral contacts induces
      endocytosis of desmosomal plaque material.
AB  - The distribution and fate of two junctional complexes, zonula adhaerens and
      desmosomes, after dissociation of cell-cell contacts is described in MDBK cells.
      Junctions were split between adjacent cells by treatment with EGTA and proteins
      associated with the plaques of zonulae adhaerentes and desmosomes were localized
      by immunological methods. Splitting of these junctions is accompanied by the
      dislocation of desmosomal plaque protein from the cell periphery and its
      distribution in punctate arrays over the whole cytoplasm. By contrast, vinculin
      associated with zonulae adhaerentes is still seen at early times (0.5-1 h) in a
      conspicuous belt-like structure which, however, is displaced from the plasma
      membrane. Strong vinculin staining is maintained on leading edges of free cell
      surfaces. Electron microscopy of EGTA-treated cells exposed to colloidal gold
      particles reveals the disappearance of junctional structures from the cell
      periphery and the concomitant appearance of a distinct class of gold particle
      containing vesicles which are coated by dense plaques. These vesicle plaques
      react with antibodies to desmosomal plaque proteins and are associated with
      filaments of the cytokeratin type. In the same cells, extended dense aggregates
      are seen which are most probably the membrane-detached vinculin-rich material
      from the zonula adhaerens . The experiments show that, upon release from their
      junction-mediated connections with adjacent cells, major proteins associated with
      the cytoplasmic side of the junctions remain, for several hours, clustered within
      plaques displaced from the cell surface. While plaque material of adhaerens
      junctions containing vinculin is recovered in large belt-like aggregates,
      desmosomal plaque protein remains attached to membrane structures and appears on
      distinct vesicles endocytotically formed from half-desmosomal
      equivalents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6821359
TI  - [Effect of oral contraceptives on the formation of cholesterol crystals in
      gallbladder bile].

PMID- 6821360
TI  - [Ulcerative rectocolitis. Experience in the last 14 years].

PMID- 6821361
TI  - [Treatment of achalasia].

PMID- 6821363
TI  - [Alpha heavy chain disease. Report of the 1st case in Venezuela].

PMID- 6821362
TI  - [Endoscopy and biopsy of Vater's ampulla].

PMID- 6821364
TI  - Immunogenetic studies on the resistance of mice to highly metastatic DBA/2 tumor
      cell variants. II. Influence of minor histocompatibility antigens on tumor
      resistance, gamma-interferon induction and cytotoxic response.
AB  - B10.D2 mice (H-2d) were found to be able to reject more than 10(6) cells of the
      DBA/2 (H-2d) tumor ESb, while DBA/2 mice could not reject even small (less than
      10(1) cells) tumor cell inocula and died within a few weeks from the developing
      internal metastases. Chimaeric mice and F1 hybrids between DBA/2 and B10.D2 were
      susceptible to the tumor and its metastases, suggesting that tumor resistance was
      dependent on the ability of the host to recognize DBA/2 minor alloantigens. About
      two thirds of the (DBA/2 X B10.D2) F2 generation mice were ESb tumor-resistant.
      Also, the majority of C57B1/6 X DBA/2 recombinant inbred strains (BXD RI lines)
      of H-2d type were found to be able to reject ESb tumor cells. There was no
      apparent linkage of tumor resistance to coat color genes. Mls locus, or
      immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. It is suggested that tumor resistance in these
      mice was dependent on the recognition of several DBA/2 minor histocompatibility
      antigens such as H-1 and H-4. The most resistant of the BXD RI strains, BXD-6,
      was shown to react to minor DBA/2 antigens by the production in vitro of
      interferon and of cytotoxic cells. These cellular immune reactions were not
      observed in one of the less resistant strains, BXD-28, suggesting a close
      relationship between tumor rejection and the capability to produce interferon and
      cytotoxic lymphocytes.

PMID- 6821366
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of cartilage proteoglycans. Radioimmunoassay of the
      molecules and the substructures.
AB  - Antibodies specifically reacting with the link proteins, the hyaluronic acid
      binding region and chondroitin sulphate-peptides were used to design specific
      radioimmunoassay procedures. The sensitivity of the method used for the link
      protein was about 20 ng/ml, and the other two components could be determined at
      concentrations of about 2 ng/ml. The radioimmunoassay procedures were tested by
      using proteoglycan subfractions or fragments thereof. The procedures used to
      quantify link protein and hyaluronic acid-binding region showed no cross
      interference. Fragments of trypsin-digested proteoglycan monomers still reacted
      in the radioimmunoassay for hyaluronic acid-binding region. Subfractions of
      proteoglycan monomers separated according to size had a gradually higher relative
      content of the hyaluronic acid-binding region compared with both chondroitin
      sulphate-peptides and uronic acid, when the molecules were smaller. The
      proteoglycans therefore may contain a variably large chondroitin sulphate-rich
      region, which has a constant substitution with polysaccharide side chains.

PMID- 6821367
TI  - Thermodynamics and stoicheiometry of the binding of substrate analogues to
      uricase.
AB  - The subunit composition, metal content, substrate-analogue binding and thermal
      stability of Aspergillus flavus uricase were determined. A. flavus uricase is a
      tetramer and contains no copper, iron or any other common prosthetic group.
      Analytical-gel-filtration and equilibrium-dialysis experiments showed one binding
      site per subunit for urate analogues. The free energy of xanthine binding was 
      30.5 kJ (-7.3 kcal)/mol of subunit by equilibrium dialysis and -30.1 kJ (-7.2
      kcal)/mol of subunit by microcalorimetry. The enthalpy change for xanthine
      binding was -15.9 kJ (-3.8 kcal)/mol of subunit when determined from the
      temperature-dependence of the equilibrium constant and -18.0 kJ (-4.3 kcal)/mol
      of subunit when measured microcalorimetrically. The thermal inactivation rate of
      A. flavus uricase increases as protein concentration is decreased. This
      concentration-dependent instability is not due to subunit dissociation.

PMID- 6821365
TI  - Purification and physicochemical, kinetic and immunological properties of
      allosteric serine hydroxymethyltransferase from monkey liver.
AB  - The homogeneous serine hydroxymethyltransferase purified from monkey liver, by
      the use of Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography, exhibited positive homotropic
      co-operative interactions (h = 2.5) with tetrahydrofolate and heterotropic
      interactions with L-serine and nicotinamide nucleotides. The enzyme had an
      unusually high temperature optimum of 60 degrees C and was protected against
      thermal inactivation by L-serine. The allosteric effects were abolished when the
      monkey liver enzyme was purified by using a heat-denaturation step in the
      presence of L-serine, a procedure adopted by earlier workers for the purification
      of this enzyme from mammalian and bacterial sources. The enzyme activity was
      inhibited completely by N5-methyltetrahydrofolate, N5-formyltetrahydrofolate,
      dichloromethotrexate, aminopterin and D-cycloserine, whereas methotrexate and
      dihydrofolate were partial inhibitors. The insoluble monkey liver enzyme-antibody
      complex was catalytically active and failed to show positive homotropic co
      operative interactions with tetrahydrofolate (h = 1) and heterotropic
      interactions with NAD+. The enzyme showed a higher heat-stability in a complex
      with its antibody than as the free enzyme. These results highlight the pitfalls
      in using a heat-denaturation step in the purification of allosteric enzymes.

PMID- 6821368
TI  - Non-classical inhibition of uricase by cyanide.
AB  - The interactions of Aspergillus flavus uricase with the substrates O2 and urate
      and the inhibitors xanthine, cyanide, periodate and hydroxylamine were
      investigated. Under equilibrium conditions O2 does not bind directly to the
      enzyme, and the absence of O2 had no effect on either the binding stoicheiometry
      or binding constant for xanthine, as measured by equilibrium dialysis and
      microcalorimetry. Cyanide, periodate and hydroxylamine inhibit uricase in a non
      classical manner. A decrease in initial velocity to a steady-state inhibited
      velocity can be observed on a time scale of minutes. The time-dependence, which
      is unaltered by prior incubation with the inhibitors, is consistent with a first
      order transition. Rate constants for induction of inhibition are linearly
      dependent on inhibitor concentration, but independent of urate and O2
      concentrations. Radioactively labelled urate forms a stable but reversible
      complex with uricase in the presence of cyanide and O2. These results were used
      to deduce the nature of enzyme-bound intermediates and thus for the proposal of a
      novel mechanism for cyanide inhibition.

PMID- 6821369
TI  - Deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The possibility of complicated curves
      for simple kinetic schemes and the computer fitting of experimental data for
      acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase, adenosine deaminase, arylsulphatase,
      benzylamine oxidase, chymotrypsin, fumarase, galactose dehydrogenase, beta
      galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and xanthine oxidase.
AB  - The possible graph shapes for one-site/two-state and substrate-modifier models
      are discussed. The two-state model is a version of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model
      and gives a rate equation with 240 denominator terms. Discussion in terms of K
      and V effects is not possible. A simplified version of the mechanism can be shown
      to give v-versus-[S] curves that are either sigmoid or non-sigmoid. They may show
      substrate inhibition or no final maximum, and the double-reciprocal plots can be
      concave up or down. The corresponding binding model is determined by only two
      constants and gives a linear double-reciprocal plot. The substrate-modifier
      mechanism is a simple example of a mechanism where inclusion of catalytic steps
      leads to a genuine increase in degree of the rate equation. The v-versus-[S]
      curve can show such complexities as two maxima and a minimum, and the double
      reciprocal plot can cross its asymptote twice, proving the rate equation to be
      4:4. A simplified version is 3:3, and analysis shows that at least 18 of the 27
      double-reciprocal plots that can arise with 3:3 functions are possible with this
      particular mechanism. Representative double-reciprocal and Scatchard plots are
      presented for several sets of rate-constant values. It is concluded that
      relatively simple mechanisms give pseudo-steady-state rate equations of high
      degree and considerable complexity. With extended ranges of substrate
      concentrations there is every reason to believe that experimental data would show
      the sort of deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics seen with calculated curves
      for such simple mechanisms. Narrow ranges of substrate concentration, on the
      other hand, would lead to inflexions and curvature being overlooked. It is not
      possible to discuss such deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics in terms of
      kinetic constants such as Km and V, and, in general, it is also difficult to see
      any simple way to explain intuitively such features as sigmoidicity, substrate
      inhibition, double-reciprocal convexity and decrease in degree by cancellation of
      common factors between numerator and denominator of rate equations. These
      conclusions apply with even more force when catalytic steps are included, for
      then the rate equations, are for multi-site mechanisms, of higher degree,
      allowing increasingly complex curve shapes. A number of enzymes were studied and
      initial-rate data were fitted by computer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 6821370
TI  - The 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy of cobalt(II)-beta-lactamase II.
AB  - The 1H n.m.r. spectra of beta-lactamase II in the presence of Co(II) were
      studied. Analysis of the spectra suggests that Co(II) binds at the same two metal
      binding sites as does Zn(II). The binding of Co(II) at the first site is much
      weaker than the binding of Zn(II) at this site, whereas the binding of Co(II) at
      the second site is tighter than the binding of Zn(II). The binding of Co(II) to
      the mono-zinc(II)-enzyme caused only one marked change in the spectrum, namely a
      decrease in the intensity of the resonances assigned to the C-2 and C-4 protons
      of one histidine residue (residue E). However, when the spectra of the apoenzyme
      and the Co(II)-enzyme were compared, there were many differences. A significant
      fraction of the protons in the whole molecule are affected by the binding of
      Co(II) at the first metal-ion-binding site (where the ligands are the enzyme's
      sole thiol group and three histidine residues). This may be because the first
      site is internal, or because of a difference in conformation between the
      apoenzyme and the mono-Co(II)-enzyme. The second site may be located on the
      surface of the molecule.

PMID- 6821371
TI  - Association of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the membrane of the
      intact human erythrocyte.
AB  - Intact human erythrocytes were exposed to low concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
      After washing and subsequent lysis of the cells, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity is found to be associated with a membrane fraction and
      cannot be eluted by salt treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is associated
      with a supernatant fraction under the same conditions. Preincubation of the
      intact cells under conditions designed to increase internal NADH concentrations,
      leads to a lower membrane-associated activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase after lysis.

PMID- 6821372
TI  - Factor D of the alternative pathway of human complement. Purification, alignment
      and N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major cyanogen bromide fragments, and
      localization of the serine residue at the active site.
AB  - The serine esterase factor D of the complement system was purified from outdated
      human plasma with a yield of 20% of the initial haemolytic activity found in
      serum. This represented an approx. 60 000-fold purification. The final product
      was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis (with an apparent mol.wt. of 24 000), its migration as a single
      component in a variety of fractionation procedures based on size and charge, and
      its N-terminal amino-acid-sequence analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence
      of the first 36 residues of the intact molecule was found to be homologous with
      the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the catalytic chains of other serine
      esterases. Factor D showed an especially strong homology (greater than 60%
      identity) with rat 'group-specific protease' [Woodbury, Katunuma, Kobayashi,
      Titani, & Neurath (1978) Biochemistry 17, 811-819] over the first 16 amino acid
      residues. This similarity is of interest since it is considered that both enzymes
      may be synthesized in their active, rather than zymogen, forms. The three major
      CNBr fragments of factor D, which had apparent mol.wts. of 15 800, 6600 and 1700,
      were purified and then aligned by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and
      amino acid analysis. By using factor D labelled with di-[1,3
      14C]isopropylphosphofluoridate it was shown that the CNBr fragment of apparent
      mol.wt. 6600, which is located in the C-terminal region of factor D, contained
      the active serine residue. The amino acid sequence around this residue was
      determined.

PMID- 6821373
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of three alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes
      (AdhN-11, AdhS and AdhUF) from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The sequence of three alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes from the fruitfly
      Drosophila melanogaster has been determined by the sequencing of peptides
      produced by trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, pepsin and Staphylococcus aureus
      V8-proteinase digestion. The amino acid sequence shows no obvious homology with
      the published sequences of the horse liver and yeast enzymes, and secondary
      structure prediction suggests that the nucleotide-binding domain is located in
      the N-terminal half of the molecule. The amino acid substitutions between AdhN-11
      (a point mutation of AdhF), AdhS and AdhUF alleloenzymes were identified. AdhN-11
      alcohol dehydrogenase differed from the other two by a glycine-14-(AdhS and
      AdhUF)-to-aspartic acid substitution, the AdhS enzyme from AdhN-11 and AdhUF
      enzymes by a threonine-192-(AdhN-11 and AdhUF)-to-lysine (AdhS) substitution and
      the AdhUF enzyme was found to differ by an alanine-45-(AdhS and AdhN-11)-to
      aspartic acid (AdhUF) charge substitution and a 'silent' asparagine-8-(AdhS and
      AdhN-11)-to-alanine (AdhUF) substitution. Detailed sequence evidence has been
      deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50107 (36 pages) at the British
      Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K.,
      from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978)
      169, 5.

PMID- 6821374
TI  - Secondary-structure prediction from the sequence of Drosophila melanogaster
      (fruitfly) alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6821375
TI  - Amino acid sequence around lipoic acid residues in the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Amino-acid sequences around two lipoic acid residues in the lipoate
      acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia
      coli were investigated. A single amino acid sequence of 13 residues was found. A
      repeated amino acid sequence in the lipoate acetyltransferase chain might explain
      this result.

PMID- 6821376
TI  - [Predictive capacity of bloodless methods in subjects with atypical angina
      symptomatology].

PMID- 6821377
TI  - [Double-blind comparison between verapamil and propranolol in the therapy of
      unstable angina].

PMID- 6821378
TI  - X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: mucopolysaccharide excretion
      studies.
AB  - Sex linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda is described in a family with four
      affected members. The characteristic features of short trunk, hip disease, and
      flattening of the vertebrae with a posterior "hump" were present. Urinary
      mucopolysaccharides were characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively and
      were within normal values.

PMID- 6821379
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 8) Cefsulodin].

PMID- 6821380
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 10) Cefaclor].

PMID- 6821382
TI  - [The importance of the activation method in the electroencephalographic diagnosis
      of epilepsy].

PMID- 6821381
TI  - Immunological studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving
      azathioprine and myocrisin in combination.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), on
      treatment with azathioprine and sodium aurothiomalate in combination were
      studied. Absolute lymphocyte counts and IgA levels were reduced but this did not
      reach statistical significance. Lymphocyte transformation with
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) showed no significant difference from a control group.
      However, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly impaired
      compared to rheumatoid controls (p less than 0.001). There was no relation to the
      degree of impairment of ADCC and the current dose of azathioprine nor to the
      total dose or duration of therapy. Inhibiting material to cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity was present in the sera of 23 patients but its presence showed no
      relation to the degree of cytotoxicity exhibited by cells in the same patient.
      Our studies of cellular cytotoxicity have revealed alterations in cellular
      function possibly attributable to azathioprine.

PMID- 6821384
TI  - [Ultrastructural features of the sartorius muscle of the toad].

PMID- 6821383
TI  - Saturnine gout: a review of 42 patients.

PMID- 6821385
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease revisited.

PMID- 6821387
TI  - Tetracycline absorption in malnutrition.
AB  - Tetracycline absorption was studied in a group of normal healthy subjects and in
      adult male patients suffering from various nutritional disorders such as protein
      calorie malnutrition, pellagra, anaemia, and vitamin B-complex deficiency.
      Tetracycline hydrochloride in doses of 10 mg/kg body weight was administered in a
      crossover design by oral and intravenous routes at an interval of one week.
      Absorption of tetracycline was determined from total 48-hour urinary excretion of
      the drug following each dose. It was observed that tetracycline absorption was
      significantly reduced in subjects with undernutrition and pellagra but not in
      patients with orolingual lesions due to vitamin B-complex deficiency and in
      patients with severe anaemia. Comparative studies on absorption of tetracycline,
      given in the form of capsule and solution, indicated that impaired absorption of
      tetracycline in undernourished subjects was not due to inadequate dissolution of
      the capsule.

PMID- 6821388
TI  - Effect of salicylamide on skeletal glycosaminoglycan sulfation and calcification
      in fetal rat limbs.
AB  - It has been shown that the non-narcotic analgesic salicylamide is teratogenic for
      rats. When this drug is administered to rats during gestation, sulfate
      incorporation into the fetal skeleton is reduced. Aims of studies reported here
      were to examine the effect of salicylamide on the incorporation of radiosulfate
      into glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the biosynthesis of chondroitin 4-sulfate (Ch
      4-S) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (Ch-6-S) in fetal rat limbs was studied. Pregnant
      rats were fed 25% casein diet with or without 2% salicylamide from day 6 to day
      17 or day 19 of gestation. The dams were killed on day 17 or day 19 of gestation,
      24 hours following an intramuscular injection of sodium 35S-sulfate. Salicylamide
      administration decreased the levels of radiosulfate in maternal serum and
      placenta, and impaired the incorporation of radiosulfate into fetal skeletal
      GAGs. The incorporation of radiosulfate into fetal skeletal GAGs was
      significantly affected by maternal serum 35S-sulfate, placental 35S-sulfate,
      litter size, placental weight and fetal weight. After adjusting for these
      variables, salicylamide administration still had a significant effect, suggesting
      that salicylamide may have a primary effect in impairing the incorporation of
      sulfate into fetal skeletal GAGs. Salicylamide administration was found to have
      no significant effect on the amount of radiosulfate incorporated into Ch-4-S
      relative to that incorporated into Ch-6-S. The results showed that with
      increasing gestational age, there was an increase in synthesis of Ch-4-S with a
      concomitant decrease in synthesis of Ch-6-S. The effect of salicylamide on the
      calcification of fetal skeletons was studied. Salicylamide administration
      resulted in a decrease in the calcium content of fetal limb bones, but had no
      significant effect on maternal serum calcium. The calcium content of fetal limb
      bones was greatly affected by fetal weight. After adjusting for the fetal weight
      effect, salicylamide still had a significant effect on the calcium content of
      fetal limb bones. These results suggest that the degree of sulfation of fetal
      skeletal GAGs affects the calcification of fetal skeletons.

PMID- 6821389
TI  - Disposition of four drugs in malnourished children.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies on antipyrine, chloramphenicol, acetaminophen, and
      sulphadiazine have been carried out in infants and children suffering from
      protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Increased antipyrine plasma half-life in PEM
      indicated altered mixed oxidative microsomal enzyme activity in hepatocytes.
      Chloramphenicol was absorbed (ka) as well as eliminated (ke) at slower rates in
      PEM. The net result was that the comparative bioavailability of the drug was
      higher in PEM as compared to the control. Observations were similar in the case
      of sulphadiazine. The rate of absorption (ka) of acetaminophen was not affected
      in children with PEM, but the elimination rate constant was slower and plasma
      half-life prolonged. Noticeable improvement was observed within 6-8 weeks of
      nutritional rehabilitation with respect to chloramphenicol, antipyrine, and
      acetaminophen pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 6821386
TI  - Phospholipases, eicosanoid production and inflammation.

PMID- 6821391
TI  - The ecology of Chagas disease in Chile.
AB  - Chagas disease probably affects over half a million people in Chile, principally
      in rural communities in the fertile valleys of the arid 'norte chico' region,
      north of Santiago. The main domestic vector is Triatoma infestans, but Triatoma
      spinolai, although mainly in rocky sylvatic and peridomestic ecotopes, also
      invades houses. Since the Spanish invasion in the sixteenth century, and
      particularly during the last 100 years, the endemic region has suffered an
      ecological breakdown, largely due to excessive timbering and over-grazing, which
      has led to a denuded landscape with severe loss of agricultural productivity.
      This breakdown, combined with uneconomically sized farms and poor marketing,
      exacerbates the poverty of the rural communities. As in other similar areas of
      Latin America, the combination of poverty and poor education discourages
      improvements in housing which would reduce the risk of vector-transmitted Chagas
      disease. This paper reviews the historical and ecological background of the
      endemic region of Chile, both as a basis for further work, and as a point of
      comparison with other endemic areas. The review attempts to show how the current
      status of Chagas disease is likely to be maintained through its association with
      poor quality housing, poverty and ecological degradation, drawing parallels with
      other endemic++ areas and suggesting ways by which the ecological damage might be
      reversed.

PMID- 6821390
TI  - Dietary cholesterol-induced changes of xenobiotic metabolism in liver. II.
      Effects of phenobarbitone and carbon tetrachloride on activities of drug
      metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - The influence of dietary cholesterol on drug metabolism was studied by feeding
      rats either a cholesterol-free or a high (2%) cholesterol diet for 4 weeks from
      weanling onward and giving phenobarbitone (Pb) and/or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
      thereafter. Pb was given in drinking water for 7 days at a dosage of 100 mg/kg
      and CCl4, at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg SC 6 days before assays of drug-metabolizing
      enzymes. The cytochrome P-450 concentration was 2-fold in rats fed the 2%
      cholesterol diet in comparison with those fed the cholesterol-free diet. Only a
      weak induction by Pb was found in the cholesterol-free group. Only slight
      differences due to the cholesterol diets or due to the administration of
      xenobiotics were found in the NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. The PPO
      hydroxylase activity was 2-fold in the livers of rats fed the 2% cholesterol diet
      in comparison with those fed the cholesterol-free diet. In the ethoxyresorufin
      deethylase activity, differences between diets were present first after the
      administration of xenobiotics. No change in the hepatic aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity was found due to changes in the cholesterol content of the
      diets. The ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity was 2-fold in the livers of rats
      fed 2% cholesterol diet from those fed the cholesterol-free diet. The
      inducibility of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase was equal, regardless of which diet
      was used. The hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity of rats fed 2% cholesterol was 3
      fold in comparison with the cholesterol-free group. The inducibility by Pb was
      higher in the livers of the cholesterol-free (3.3-fold) than 2% cholesterol-fed
      rats (2.4-fold). The hepatic UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase activity was 1.5-fold
      in 2% cholesterol-fed rats in comparison with rats fed the cholesterol-free diet.
      The inducibility by CCL4 was found only in rats fed the cholesterol-free diet.
      The results suggest that dietary cholesterol modifies the enzyme activities in
      the liver and modifies their response to enzyme inducers.

PMID- 6821392
TI  - Evaluating the long-term psychiatric patient: the Progress Review Index.

PMID- 6821393
TI  - The role of nongonadal restraint of gonadotropin secretion in the delay of the
      onset of puberty in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The neuroendocrine basis underlying timing of the onset of puberty in rhesus
      monkeys is examined in this review. The immediate stimulus responsible for the
      initiation of the pubertal process originates within the central nervous system
      and is relayed to the pituitary-gonadal axis by an intermittent pattern of
      gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which is viewed as being
      generated by a neural oscillator resident within the hypothalamus. While results
      of recent studies in male rhesus monkeys suggest that this hypothalamic
      oscillator is fully functional by the neonatal stage of ontogeny, sexual maturity
      in this species is not attained until after 3 to 4 yr of prepubertal development.
      This protracted delay in the onset of puberty cannot be accounted for by the
      "gonadostat" hypothesis, which states that increased sensitivity of the
      hypothalamic GnRH oscillator to gonadal steroid feedback is an essential feature
      of the prepubertal inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, because orchidectomy
      during neonatal development does not interrupt the prepubertal suppression of LH
      and FSH secretion. Instead, it is suggested that the prolonged phase of
      prepubertal development in higher primates is occasioned by nongonadal restraint
      of the hypothalamic GnRH oscillator which, in monkeys, appears to be brought into
      play during the second to third month of extrauterine life and sustained until
      approximately 3 yr of age. While the identity of the nongonadal inhibition
      responsible for the prepubertal quiescence of the neural oscillator governing
      pulsatile GnRH secretion remains to be determined, it does not appear to involve
      either the pineal or the adrenal.

PMID- 6821394
TI  - Hormonal interrelationships between hypothalamus, pituitary and testis of rams
      and bulls.
AB  - This mini-review aims to summarize some of our recent findings relating to
      testicular function and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by
      testicular steroids in rams and bulls. Testosterone secretion in intact males is
      not tonic, but is characterized by episodic pulses. This pattern of secretion is
      dictated by inputs of the central nervous system via secretions of the
      hypothalamus (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; LHRH) and anterior pituitary
      (luteinizing hormone; LH). A temporal relationship exists between concentrations
      of LH and testosterone in serum and evidence is presented that strongly suggests
      that their episodic secretion is dependent on discrete episodes of LHRH discharge
      from the hypothalamus. Based on data from experiments with rams and bulls, I
      suggest that acutely castrated males (but not chronic castrates) remain
      susceptible to the negative feedback effects of testosterone, i.e., LH
      concentrations remain suppressed in serum of animals given testosterone
      replacement therapy immediately following castration. Estradiol-17 beta, on the
      other hand, abolishes pulsatile LH release and suppresses mean LH concentrations
      in both acute and chronic castrates. Therefore, testosterone feedback on LH
      secretion may, in part, involve extragonadal conversion to estradiol-17 beta to
      block pulsatile LHRH release. The potent inhibitory effects of estradiol on LH
      secretion provide an experimental probe for future investigations relating to
      mechanisms controlling male reproduction.

PMID- 6821395
TI  - Use of monoclonal anti-mouse immunoglobulin to detect mouse antibodies.
AB  - Rat monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse kappa light chains and mouse gamma
      heavy chains have been generated. These rat monoclonal antibodies have been
      biosynthetically labelled with 35S methionine. The free label was dialyzed from
      the medium and, without further purification, the medium containing the
      radioactive monoclonal antibody was used in a radioimmunoassay to screen the sera
      of the immunized animals and hybridomas for specific mouse antibodies of the IgG
      class.

PMID- 6821396
TI  - Culture of sheep X mouse hybridoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Hybridomas were made between NS1/1-Ag4-1 mouse myeloma cells and spleen and lymph
      node cells from a sheep immunized with sheep red cells (RBC). The hybrid colonies
      grew well in culture but there was a substantial loss of sheep chromosomes. No
      hemolytic or agglutinating antibodies were detected in the culture supernatants
      after the 17th day following fusion, but immunofluorescence tests indicated that
      a few of the cells may have been expressing sheep IgG. Cytogenetic comparison of
      cells grown with and without HAT medium provided evidence that the enzyme HGPRT
      is located on the X chromosome of sheep as it is in man and mouse. Hybridoma
      isozyme patterns of esterase, G6PD, 6PGD, NP, LDH and SOD tested between the 63rd
      and 71st day of culture were like those of NS1; NP and LDH also showed zones that
      probably came from the sheep component.

PMID- 6821397
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against rat immunoglobulin kappa chains.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against rat kappa light chains have been generated
      by immunizing SJL/J mice with soluble rat immunoglobulin, followed by fusion of
      immune spleen cells with the P3-X63-Ag8 myeloma cell line. Monoclonal antibodies
      from three of these hybridoma cell lines, MAR 18.5, 80.2, and 103.6, have been
      extensively characterized. MAR 18.5, 80.2, and 103.6 antibodies are of the gamma
      2a kappa isotype, and bind strongly to protein A, allowing easy purification.
      Monoclonal antibody from clone 18.5 binds equally well to Ig of both RI-1a and RI
      1b allotypes, whereas 80.2 and 103.6 antibodies selectively bind to RI-1b. These
      monoclonal antibodies can be FITC conjugated for use as a second antibody in
      indirect immunofluorescence assays, or radiolabeled for use in radio immunoassays
      requiring a specific antirat kappa antibody. The antiallotype specific monoclonal
      antibodies also may be of use in the study of rat immunoglobulin genetics.

PMID- 6821398
TI  - Clinicopharmacological study of long-term Jumex + Dopaflex combination treatment
      in Parkinson's syndrome.

PMID- 6821399
TI  - Neonatal surgery I.

PMID- 6821400
TI  - Induction of T cell proliferation and lymphokine production by monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The studies of the biological effects of OKT3 monoclonal antibody on mature human
      T cells demonstrate that binding to a differentiation antigen by an antibody can
      modulate the specialized functions of the cells bearing the antigen. OKT3 induces
      T cells to proliferate and to secrete gamma interferon. The antibody also
      inhibits cytotoxic T cells from lysing target cells. The mechanisms involved and
      the nature of the antigen to which OKT3 binds are discussed.

PMID- 6821401
TI  - In vivo release of lymphokines in inbred murine strains.

PMID- 6821403
TI  - Abnormal eye, a new eye mutant in the mosquito, Anopheles culicifacies.

PMID- 6821402
TI  - Human T-cell growth factor: purification and interaction with a cellular
      receptor.

PMID- 6821404
TI  - [Adhesivity and chemotaxis of leukocytes during infusion of Intralipid].
AB  - The effect of an intravenously administered lipid emulsion (Intralipid) on
      granulocyte functions has been studied. The study has been carried out in 20
      healthy individuals, divided into two groups: 10 individuals have been infused
      with Intralipid 10% i.v.; the other 10 individuals (controls) have not been
      infused with any pharmacologically active solution. In all the subjects the
      following parameters have been studied: blood granulocyte count, granulocyte
      adherence and leucocyte chemotaxis. The results showed a transient fall of
      granulocyte adherence during the intralipid infusion; no alterations of
      granulocyte count and leucocyte chemotaxis were found.

PMID- 6821405
TI  - The heavy chain diseases.

PMID- 6821406
TI  - [Use of Drosophila in the detection of potentially carcinogenic agents].
AB  - The authors make a brief review of the value of using the fly Drosophila
      melanogaster to detect possible mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of
      chemicals. The study of the induction of chromosome X-linked recessive lethal
      mutations, translocations and chromosomal deletions, and non-disjunction
      phenomena in Drosophila is very useful to detect direct carcinogenic agents a
      well as precarcinogenic compounds that are ativated within the fly organism. The
      assays with Drosophila do not substitute, but follow and complement at a
      different biological level the assays made in batteries of tests employing
      bacteria.

PMID- 6821407
TI  - [Morphological aspects of the intestinal ecosystem. Evolutive study of the flora
      mucosal complex].

PMID- 6821408
TI  - [Effect of various amino acids on acetylcholine metabolism in brain tissue].

PMID- 6821409
TI  - Otic topical agents.
AB  - Ototopical preparations are available for the treatment of obstruction,
      dermatitis, pain, and infection of the ear canal and the mastoid and tympanic
      structures. Most preparations contain alcohol and some type of mild acid, both of
      which provide nonspecific antiseptic activity against fungi and bacteria. For
      bacterial infections the combination of neomycin and polymyxin offers the best
      therapeutic spectrum against common pathogens. Ototoxicity from topical use in
      man is a theoretic possibility but not a practical problem. Chloramphenicol
      (otic) is an alternative in infections caused by bacteroides, but not by the more
      common P aeruginosa. When otic preparations are too painful for application
      through a tympanic perforation, an ophthalmic preparation may be more acceptable.

PMID- 6821410
TI  - Pediatric infectious cervical lymphadenitis.
AB  - Infectious cervical lymphadenitis is a frequently encountered problem in the
      pediatric population. The recent experience with infectious cervical
      lymphadenitis at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was reviewed. The most
      common etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus. beta-Hemolytic streptococcus
      and mycobacterium were found in 15% and 6% of cases respectively. Other agents
      included pneumococcus, cat scratch, Toxoplasma gondii, actinomycosis, and mixed
      bacteroides and peptostreptococcus. Most patients responded to high-dose
      intravenous antistaphylococcal penicillin. Needle aspiration proved successful in
      identifying the casual agent in a high percentage of cases. Aspiration was also
      beneficial in draining small abscess cavities. Surgical drainage was rarely
      necessary.

PMID- 6821411
TI  - Salivary probe and dissector.
AB  - Salivary calculi, preponderating in the submaxillary duct, produce distension of
      the ductile system, as well as pain and fever, when they enlarge sufficiently to
      obstruct salivary flow. Although calculi may pass spontaneously by eroding into
      the oral cavity, they must usually be removed surgically under local anesthesia.
      The device presented simplifies extraction of multiple sialoliths. Soft tissue
      trauma is minimized, and patient comfort is significantly increased.

PMID- 6821417
TI  - Reconstructive versatility of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.
AB  - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is presented in its two basic forms: a
      muscle flap carrying a skin paddle and the continuous skin-muscle flap technique.
      The pertinent anatomy of the enveloping fascial planes is reviewed, stressing the
      increased latitude of safety afforded by elevating the vascular pedicle from the
      undersurface of the lateral muscle edge. The advantages of a deltopectoral flap
      outline in approaching the formation of the skin-muscle paddle are introduced.
      Clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed.

PMID- 6821416
TI  - Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: the role of nonmasticatory muscles in 91
      patients.
AB  - Ninety-one new patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome were
      studied prospectively. The patients experienced aural fullness, tinnitus,
      vertigo, odynophagia, and headache in addition to the cardinal symptoms of
      otalgia, muscle tenderness, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) click, and trismus.
      Some nonmasticatory muscles were found to be tender as frequently as the
      masticatory muscles. It is proposed that MPD syndrome as seen clinically involves
      more than just the masticatory musculature and is a composite of several head and
      neck myofascial pain syndromes including tensor tympani syndrome, muscle tension
      headache, cervical syndrome, and hyoid syndrome.

PMID- 6821413
TI  - Otolaryngologic manifestations of orbital pseudotumors.
AB  - Orbital pseudotumor is believed to be a nonspecific, acute or chronic
      inflammatory process involving the intraorbital soft tissue. Orbital pseudotumor
      may masquerade as sinusitis with orbital complications or as a severe upper
      respiratory tract infection. Five cases are presented to illustrate the
      difficulties in diagnosis when initial symptoms relate to the upper respiratory
      system rather than to an isolated orbital mass. In these cases, orbital
      ultrasound and computed tomograms were helpful in making the diagnosis. Treatment
      consisted of systemic corticosteroids in four of the five patients. Recognition
      of early symptoms and findings, along with earlier involvement with the
      ophthalmologist, will make a more effective treatment regimen possible.

PMID- 6821415
TI  - A one-stage flap reconstruction following resection for stomal recurrence.
AB  - The pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap has been used for a one-stage
      reconstruction following ablative surgery for stomal recurrence. The skin island
      of this flap is supplied by the perforating musculature vessels of the
      thoracicoacromial artery. The flap can be elevated primarily and is used in a one
      stage reconstruction. The new stoma is created in the center of the skin island,
      and the great vessels are covered by the pectoralis major muscle pedicle. The
      surgical technique as performed in seven successful cases is presented.

PMID- 6821412
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of scrofula (mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis).
AB  - Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis, or scrofula, may be caused by Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis, or the atypical mycobacteria. It is important to distinguish
      between tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis and atypical mycobacterial cervical
      lymphadenitis, since medical and surgical treatment of each of these entities is
      different. The two types of scrofula are compared and contrasted. The appropriate
      treatment of each is discussed, and the complications of improper management are
      described.

PMID- 6821414
TI  - Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the hard palate simulating lymphoma.
AB  - Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the hard palate is a slowly growing, soft,
      nontender swelling that may grow to involve the entire hard palate. The overlying
      mucosa is normal. This appearance naturally prompts biopsy, and both clinically
      and microscopically might be confused with lymphoma. Four case histories are
      presented with histologic description: normal palatal submucosal structures are
      replaced with benign reactive lymphoid tissue replete with well-developed
      germinal centers. Surrounding these centers are dense populations of small,
      regular, bland lymphocytes. Minor salivary glands, except for some atrophied
      residue, are notably absent; also absent are the epimyoepithelial islands
      characteristic of the benign lymphoepithelial lesion (Mikulicz's disease).
      Etiologic factors remain obscure. One of our patients had two recurrences
      following local excision; in another patient nodules of benign lymphoid
      hyperplasia developed in the cheek and upper neck. These four patients are alive
      and free of any malignant process 4, 7, 9, and 12 years after the onset of their
      palatal swellings. We urge caution in distinguishing these lesions from palatal
      lymphoma, and recommend local excision as the treatment of choice.

PMID- 6821418
TI  - Simultaneous carcinomas of the esophagus and upper aerodigestive tract.
AB  - A review of 150 consecutive head and neck cancer patients over a 22-month period
      revealed a multiple primary cancer rate of 19%, 9% in the head and neck region.
      Nine patients (6%) had simultaneous esophageal and head and neck cancers.
      Complete systematic esophagoscopic examinations, in addition to barium swallow
      radiographic studies, are recommended for all patients with head and neck
      cancers.

PMID- 6821419
TI  - Computerized axial tomography in inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit.
AB  - Although thyrotoxicosis and orbital complications of acute ethmoid or frontal
      sinusitis are among the most common causes of unilateral exophthalmos,
      inflammatory pseudotumor is frequently accompanied by progressive acute
      unilateral proptosis. Because the associated chemosis, scleral erythema, and
      ophthalmoplegia constitute a spectrum of clinical findings present in numerous
      inflammatory orbital disorders and systemic diseases, the diagnosis of
      inflammatory pseudotumor is one of exclusion, often requiring orbital biopsy.
      Four patients without evidence of sinusitis, endocrinopathy, collagen vascular
      disease, or Wegener's granulomatosis are described. The diagnosis of orbital
      pseudotumor was disclosed by computed axial tomography, thus avoiding orbitotomy.
      The finding of scleral and choroidal thickening with enhancement following
      intravenous contrast injection represents a select group of patients with orbital
      pseudotumor and differentiates them from patients with endocrine exophthalmopathy
      or neoplasms. This noninvasive technique is extremely valuable because early
      diagnosis is critical for successful treatment. All four patients responded
      dramatically to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. In the absence of significant
      clinical response, however, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphoma, and
      rhabdomyosarcoma, especially in younger patients, must be carefully excluded.
      Orbital exploration or decompression or both are used when proptosis, headache,
      or orbital pain does not resolve promptly, visual acuity deteriorates, or the
      diagnosis remains unknown.

PMID- 6821420
TI  - Immunologic reactivity in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Immunologic reactivity was measured in 344 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      (NPC), before treatment, and in 398 age-matched control subjects. The data
      recorded suggest that depressed cell-mediated immunity in patients with NPC is a
      consequence rather than a cause of the disease. In order to reduce tumor burden
      in patients with NPC, radiation therapy with chemotherapy or immunopotentiation
      or both is recommended.

PMID- 6821421
TI  - Tongue base minor salivary gland tumor: report of a case with mucoepidermoid and
      acinous cell components.
AB  - A case of a large (5.5 cm), multilobulated, mucosa-covered, minor salivary gland
      tumor of the base of the tongue that displayed morphologic features of both a
      mucoepidermoid carcinoma and an acinous cell tumor is described. Generally, each
      of these salivary gland tumors occurs only rarely at this site. A tumor with both
      these elements has not previously been reported.

PMID- 6821422
TI  - Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - The benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon bone tumor. It is a benign but actively
      growing neoplasm that must be differentiated from more aggressive bony lesions. A
      review of the literature indicates that 14% of benign osteoblastomas are located
      in the head. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and treatment of
      the benign osteoblastoma are discussed. In addition, the third case of a benign
      osteoblastoma of the paranasal sinuses, and the first of the maxillary sinus, is
      described.

PMID- 6821423
TI  - Cervical mediastinal thymic parathyroid cyst.
AB  - A case is presented to illustrate the actual location of cervical thymic cysts
      and to reconfirm their derivation, to review the embryology, and to identify this
      lesion as a possible differential diagnosis of neck cysts.

PMID- 6821424
TI  - Biomechanical characteristics of the human trachea.
AB  - Previous experiments using mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges in dogs revealed the
      trachea to be a dynamic organ. The cartilaginous rings and intercartilaginous
      membranes are unique in adapting to the physiologic demands of respiration,
      deglutition, and gravity. Alterations in tracheal biomechanics following
      segmental tracheal resection were also documented. In the present study, a new
      device was used to measure the stress-strain characteristics of the human
      trachea. The machine can be used to measure tension across trachea rings or the
      entire trachea. The results of these experiments indicate that the human trachea
      is a complex biomechanical organ and that it responds distinctively to stress.

PMID- 6821425
TI  - Improved survival associated with postoperative wound infection in laryngeal
      cancer: an analysis of its therapeutic implications.
AB  - A retrospective analysis revealed improved survival rates in laryngeal cancer
      patients who had postoperative wound infection following total laryngectomy and
      radical neck resection. The overall five-year survival rates were 44% in the
      infection group and 31% in the control group. On further analysis, the beneficial
      effect of infection was most evident in patients with stage III disease. Seventy
      three percent of these patients with wound infection were alive at five years,
      compared with 32% of the control group. The protection from recurrent cancer in
      these patients afforded by the bacterial contamination may be secondary to
      activated immune mechanisms. The therapeutic implications of our findings suggest
      that the immune adjuvant is given at the time of surgical treatment rather than
      when tumor burden is far advanced. Only a few such protocols are under analysis
      presently.

PMID- 6821426
TI  - Acute superior laryngeal nerve palsy: analysis of 78 cases.
AB  - Acute superior laryngeal palsy is often clinically unrecognized and frequently
      overlooked. Yet, this motor paralysis occurs more frequently than facial
      paralysis. Like acute facial paralysis, superior laryngeal palsy often occurs as
      part of a cranial polyneuritis that is probably related to herpes simplex virus
      reactivation. Rotation of the larynx and shortening of one vocal cord have been
      found in such diverse syndromes as vestibular neuronitis, migraine and tension
      headaches, unexplained cough, tinnitus aurium, globus hystericus, and
      carotidynia. Electromyographic studies suggest that laryngeal spasm may be caused
      by faulty regeneration of the superior, rather than the recurrent, laryngeal
      nerve.

PMID- 6821427
TI  - Recurrent carcinoma of the larynx and the hypopharynx.
AB  - From a group of 765 patients treated primarily at Barnes Hospital (St Louis) for
      epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx and the hypopharynx, 199 cases of recurrent
      disease were identified. To define this group of recurrent carcinoma, the
      following study parameters were selected: initial site of lesion, initial
      pathologic condition, initial therapy, complications of therapy, site of
      recurrence, secondary treatment, and end results. Cause of death is detailed as a
      result of primary cancer (local, neck, distant, and mixed), complications of
      treatment, secondary cancer, or intercurrent disease. An attempt is made to
      correlate the data to understand this anomaly and its responses to therapy
      better.

PMID- 6821428
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic demonstration of goblet cell discharge and mucous
      layer on nasal ciliated respiratory epithelium.
AB  - Respiratory cilia is covered by a layer of mucus. The manner in which the mucus
      makes its way to the cilia tips and distributes itself on the tips is not known.
      Scanning electron microscopic examination of nasal mucosa demonstrated cone-like
      goblet cell discharge as well as a thin layer of mucus enmeshed in the cilia
      tips. Further demonstration of mucus may demonstrate the differences in these two
      components.

PMID- 6821430
TI  - Factors influencing tympanostomy tube function and extrusion: a study of 1,127
      ears.
AB  - Shepard, long polyethylene, and Reuter-bobbin tympanostomy tubes were studied for
      longevity in the inferior and anterior quadrants of 1,127 tympanic membranes.
      Factors that improved tube functioning time significantly for all or certain tube
      types included (1) general anesthesia; (2) "virgin" tympanic membranes (Shepard,
      Reuter-bobbin), (3) age of 9 years or younger (Reuter-bobbin), (4) normal or thin
      tympanic membranes (Reuter-bobbin), and (5) middle ear fluid (Reuter-bobbin for
      all types of fluid). Negative correlations (or those not statistically
      significant because of such factors as sample size) for longevity of tube
      functioning time included (1) effect of multiple previous intubations in the same
      ear, (2) age over 10 years, and (3) quadrant of insertion. No significant
      difference in longevity was noted between normal patients and those with a
      repaired or unrepaired cleft palate deformity. The data suggest that the
      epithelial layer of the tympanic membrane influences the longevity of the
      tympanostomy tube function.

PMID- 6821429
TI  - Treatment of tinnitus with tocainide hydrochloride.
AB  - Intravenous (IV) injection of lidocaine was used in patients with tinnitus for
      combined treatment with oral anticonvulsants carbamazepine (Tegretol) and
      primidone (Mysoline). In most cases, the high complication rate with these drugs
      precluded their long-term use. Tocainide hydrochloride (HCl), a primary amine
      analog of lidocaine, can be taken orally and was evaluated for the use in the
      treatment of tinnitus. A double-blind study in which one group received 200 mg
      tocainide HCl four times a day and one group received a placebo revealed no
      significant differences in tinnitus relief between the two groups. A single-blind
      study in which 600 mg tocainide HCl four times a day was administered showed 80%
      to 98% tinnitus relief in five of the six patients who tolerated the drug.
      Tocainide HCl treatment of tinnitus is promising.

PMID- 6821431
TI  - Intralabyrinthine acoustic neurinomas.
AB  - Two temporal bones are presented that contain acoustic neurinomas unsuspected
      during life and anatomically limited to the perilymphatic labyrinth. One tumor
      occupies the modiolus and scala tympani of the cochlea without involving the
      internal auditory canal. The other tumor originates in the fibers below the
      utricular macula and spares both the macula and the lamina cribrosa. Neither case
      demonstrates bone destruction. Even if these tumors had been suspected during
      life, tomograms would have been normal and the posterior fossa myelogram would
      have shown complete filling of the internal auditory canal.

PMID- 6821433
TI  - Hypotympanotomy retractor.

PMID- 6821434
TI  - Bone pate collecting device.

PMID- 6821432
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine surgery: a direct approach to the cerebellopontine angle.
AB  - The direct route to the cerebellopontine (CP) angle through the ear
      (retrolabyrinthine approach) represents a significant advance in neuro-otologic
      surgery. After incising the dura between the endolymphatic sac and the lateral
      venous sinus, a self-retaining retractor is used to collapse the lateral sinus,
      which provides a wide exposure of the CP angle, with visualization of the 5th
      through 11th cranial nerves. The retrolabyrinthine approach is a safe and direct
      route to the CP angle and has advantages over the suboccipital approach.
      Vestibular neurectomy through the retrolabyrinthine approach is the most
      frequently performed procedure and has replaced middle fossa vestibular
      neurectomy in our practice.

PMID- 6821435
TI  - Postoperative cholesteatoma: are claims for the canal wall down technique
      justified?
AB  - To discover whether removal of the canal wall would reduce the incidence of
      postoperative cholesteatoma in tympanoplasty, the findings in staged, intact
      canal wall tympanoplasties were compared with those in staged, modified radical
      mastoidectomies with cavity obliteration and tympanoplasty. In all, cholesteatoma
      was considered totally removed at the first operation. The incidence of residual
      cholesteatoma was not significantly different in either group. It is concluded
      that staging in tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma is mandatory.

PMID- 6821436
TI  - Implanted cochlear prosthesis analogue in primates.
AB  - Electronic cochlear prostheses are currently being implanted in the profoundly
      deaf. Little, however, is known about the biologic effects of electrical
      stimulation of the auditory system. To study some effects of intracochlear
      electrical stimulation in monkeys, a totally implantable device that produces a
      constant current similar to that produced by devices now used in human
      implantation was designed and miniaturized. This paper reports on the
      characteristics of the device and a pilot project designed to test it in vivo.
      The feasibility of primate implantation and behavioral observation, as well as
      histopathologic study, was also determined. The device was implanted in each of
      two Macacca nemestrina monkeys, which were then observed. One monkey was killed
      and the implanted cochlea studied with scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of
      osteogenesis of the scala tympani was found.

PMID- 6821439
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study of valproic acid in a neonate.
AB  - Valproic acid was administered to a neonate (gestational age of 39 weeks) at 24
      days post partum in an initial single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Multiple serum samples
      were collected for 24 hours post dose. Valproic acid was continued and the study
      was repeated in the same child at 6 months of age at which time the dose had been
      increased to 13.5 mg/kg (27 mg/kg/day). Serum samples were collected for 12 hours
      post dose in this second study. A one-compartment model was assumed for
      calculation of the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. The half-life (t 1/2) at
      24 days of age was 17.2 hours, clearance (Cl) 0.18 ml/min/kg, and volume of
      distribution (Vd) 0.28 liter/kg. This t 1/2 was less than reported values in
      neonates younger than 10 days but longer than the average t 1/2 in adults. At 6
      months of age, clearance had increased to 0.53 ml/min/kg, t 1/2 had decreased to
      7.5 hours, while Vd was relatively unchanged (0.34 liter/kg). Factors possibly
      causing these changes include hepatic enzyme maturation and concomitant
      administration of anticonvulsant drugs.

PMID- 6821437
TI  - Middle fossa vestibular neurectomy: a report of 373 cases.
AB  - The surgical technique for vestibular neurectomy through the middle fossa
      approach is described. Surgical details, including the use of a new middle fossa
      retractor, are discussed. A variety of technical refinements have been made to
      improve and shorten the operation. The main surgical indication is for Meniere's
      disease. It has, however, also been used in other peripheral vestibular problems
      such as traumatic vertigo and vertigo secondary to previous ear surgery. Long
      term hearing and vestibular results using this approach for Meniere's disease
      have been encouraging. These results, in addition to the small incidence of
      postoperative complications, have made the operation extremely useful.

PMID- 6821440
TI  - [The endocrinology of menopause].

PMID- 6821438
TI  - Seventh nerve spasm: effect of modification of cholinergic balance.
AB  - The seventh cranial nerve spasms of the face and the eyelids, including essential
      blepharospasm, are usually intractable and sometimes disabling. Deanol
      acetamidobenzoate was compared with the anticholinergic orphenadrine for relief
      of these spasms. Deanol cured two of 16 (12%) subjects and improved a third.
      Orphenadrine was much more effective, improving the conditions of 16 of 26 (62%)
      subjects between 57% and 100%. A crossover double-blind experiment showed high
      significance over a placebo.

PMID- 6821441
TI  - [Chagas disease and pregnancy. Review apropos of a clinical case. Treatment].

PMID- 6821444
TI  - Measurement of B12 absorption by whole body counter: effect of B12 body store
      saturation.

PMID- 6821443
TI  - Blood T and B cells in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A non-B.
AB  - We studied the blood distribution of T and B cells in relation to the etiology
      and the course of the hepatitis process, in 61 consecutive patients with acute
      viral hepatitis (AVH). Patients with acute viral hepatitis B showed a significant
      increase in total T, active T and SmIg cells, lasting the first two weeks of
      disease. These alterations disappeared in patients with resolving hepatitis. SmIg
      cells remained persistently elevated in the blood of three patients, who
      developed chronic hepatitis B. In patients with other types of viral hepatitis,
      lymphocytes were unaltered, with the exception of a transitory increase in SmIg
      cells, during the convalescence phase of hepatitis A. The finding that
      lymphocytes were activated exclusively in patients with acute hepatitis B, but
      not in those with other types of hepatitis, suggests that the mechanisms of liver
      injury in hepatitis B may differ from those involved in the pathogenesis of
      hepatitis A and nAnB.

PMID- 6821442
TI  - [Regulation of fertility by means of vaginal rings medicated with estradiol and
      levonorgestrel].

PMID- 6821445
TI  - The effect of combined gentamicin-corticosteroid treatment on gentamicin
      resistant Pseudomonas keratitis.
AB  - In an experimental model of Pseudomonas keratitis caused by a gentamicin
      resistant strain of Ps aeruginosa, the results of treatment with gentamicin alone
      and a gentamicin-steroid combination were evaluated. Treatment with steroids did
      not reduce the amount of corneal inflammation when compared to eyes treated with
      gentamicin alone. Eyes treated with the gentamicin-steroid combination were,
      however, infected with a statistically significant greater number of organisms at
      the end of a 3-day treatment period. Corticosteroids probably should not be used
      in the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis during the early period when the
      antibiotic sensitivities of the organism are not known.

PMID- 6821448
TI  - [Bacteremia and specific antibody response. IgG and IgM specificity in the
      evaluation of positivity in blood cultures].
AB  - Specific serum IgG and IgM directed against blood culture isolated bacteria have
      been determined in patients with positive blood culture by the indirect
      immunofluorescence and passive hemagglutination methods in order to distinguish
      the true positive blood cultures due to bacteremia from those due to
      contamination. 45 (16%) out of 280 blood cultures examined during the period
      1/1/1980-30/1/1981 gave positive isolations: 25 cases (55.5%) were due to gram
      negative bacteria and the remaining 20 cases (44.5) to gram-positive bacteria:
      among these there were 9 cases (20% of the total positive blood cultures) with
      isolation of micrococci. No positive blood culture for anaerobic bacteria were
      observed during that time interval. 96% of patients from whose blood cultures
      gram-negative bacteria had been isolated showed high titres of serum specific
      antibodies with both the indirect immunofluorescence and the passive
      hemagglutination methods. Only 40% of the cases whose blood cultures gave
      isolation of gram-positive bacteria showed high titres of serum specific IgG. The
      remaining 60% that did not show presence of serum specific antibodies included 9
      cases of positive blood culture for micrococci (well known as contaminants) and 2
      cases for streptococcus (in two of these there had been a mixed flora isolation).
      Specific IgM antibodies at significant level were also present in 76% of patients
      with positive blood culture for gram-negative bacteria and in 40% of patients
      with positive blood culture for gram-positive bacteria. All patients whose
      cultures gave isolation of micrococci showed absence of specific IgM. The
      observed good correspondence between isolation of contaminant bacteria on one
      hand and the absence of serum specific antibodies on the other, and vice versa
      between isolation of pathogenic bacteria (either obligate or opportunistic) an
      one hand and the presence of high level of specific antibodies on the other
      suggests that the search of specific immune response in patients with positive
      blood culture might constitute a good criterion (in addition to the classical
      criteria) for distinguishing true positive blood cultures from contaminated blood
      cultures.

PMID- 6821446
TI  - The effect of optic nerve transection upon the hypotensive action of ascorbate
      and mannitol.
AB  - Some investigators have suggested that osmolarity agents act on a central neural
      regulation mechanism rather than producing a direct local effect on the ocular
      hemodynamics. In this study, a small dose of ascorbate (.15 gm/kg, IV injection)
      was given to rabbits following unilateral optic nerve transection. The
      intraocular pressure of both eyes was significantly reduced within 5 minutes with
      a maximum drop at 10 minutes. When mannitol was given (0.3 gm/kg, intravenous
      infusion), maximal reduction of intraocular pressure occurred at 30 to 50 minutes
      in both eyes. In this study, it appears that optic nerve transection did not
      abolish the ocular response to the hypotensive action of either ascorbate or
      mannitol. On the contrary, the hypotensive effect of ascorbate was stronger in
      the experimental eye. The effective time on aqueous humor dynamics of the
      ascorbate occurred earlier than that of mannitol under similar experimental
      situations.

PMID- 6821447
TI  - [Characterization and standardization of allergen extracts].
AB  - The allergenic extracts employed in the diagnostic or therapeutic fields are
      prepared from the different raw materials employing different extraction fluids:
      it has been shown that the solute contains, besides the allergens, many other
      substances. The analytical techniques, of which some of the most useful are
      described, should be implemented for the characterization and standardization of
      the extracts. The results obtainable, when using these techniques, for the
      extract characterization, are presented. Subsequently, the most important
      allergens identified and purified are briefly reviewed. The use of the analytical
      techniques described allows verifying the changes occurring in the allergenic
      extracts during storage. The implementation of the same allows the evaluation of
      the possibility, in subsequent times, of preparing, therefore standardizing,
      replicated allergenic extracts, similar to the former insofar as the allergenic
      and antigenic characteristics are concerned.

PMID- 6821449
TI  - [Structural characteristics of immune interferon in mice].
AB  - In the present study we have analyzed the biochemical characteristics of murine
      immune interferon (IFN-y). Ionic or non-ionic detergents inactivate IFN-y, while
      as far as organic solvents are concerned only those with high polarity inhibit
      antiviral activity. Finally when different kinds of enzymes were used, proteases
      but not lipases or neuraminidase inactivated IFN-y.

PMID- 6821450
TI  - Speckled radiopacity of the cartilaginous nasal septum: a sign of aging or a
      feature of chronic systemic disease?

PMID- 6821451
TI  - [The role of IgA in allergic disease].
AB  - Within the framework of immunological mechanisms involved in allergic forms, and
      view of the fact that immunoglobulins represent one of the cardinal points
      thereof, the attention is focused on the IgA, first getting a deeper insight into
      the current knowledge of their structure and localization, which has recently
      been added to with some important details. The models set forth are aimed to show
      the molecular organization of monomeric and polymeric IgA, and the functional
      significance of their different distribution in secretory and serous tissues,
      with particular stress on the action displayed by IgA specific bacterial
      proteases. Thus the problem of IgA synthesis and secretion, analyzing the model
      of formation of secretory IgA, and the defensive role they play in protecting the
      mucous surfaces, is tackled. Lastly, within the framework of IgA-specific
      immunodeficiencies, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the selective hypo-IgA, the
      variability of the IgA selective defect, and the pathology connected therewith,
      are examined with particular stress on the relationships between IgA and
      allergopathies along with the latest immunotherapy trends, understood as a supply
      of the lacking immunoglobulin class.

PMID- 6821452
TI  - [Diabetic acido-ketosis].

PMID- 6821453
TI  - In vitro activity of temocillin, a new beta-lactamase-stable penicillin active
      against enterobacteria.
AB  - The activity of temocillin was investigated in vitro against 523 clinical
      isolates of enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory
      concentration of the new compound for all ampicillin-susceptible enterobacteria
      and for 90% of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteria was 16 micrograms/ml or less,
      a concentration readily achieved in plasma. P. aeruginosa strains were uniformly
      resistant to temocillin. All but 3 of a separate group of 48 enterobacteria
      exhibiting resistance to the combination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin were
      found to be inhibited by 16 micrograms or less of temocillin per ml. The new
      compound also displayed good activity against a group of laboratory stock
      cultures selected on the basis of differential resistance to presently available
      beta-lactam agents. Two of these strains were cefotaxime resistant.

PMID- 6821454
TI  - Conjugative transfer of R-plasmids from Streptococcus faecalis to Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - R-plasmids originally isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes(pAC1,pAM15346),
      Streptococcus agalactiae(pIP501), and Streptococcus faecalis(pAM beta 1) were
      shown to be self-transferable on filter membranes from S. faecalis JH2-2 to
      Staphylococcus aureus recipients. The nonconjugative plasmid pAM alpha 1 was
      mobilized into S. aureus by pAM beta 1. Once in S. aureus, conjugative R-plasmids
      could be transferred to a second S. aureus recipient or back into S. faecalis.
      Determinants for chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline
      resistances present on these streptococcal plasmids were expressed in S. aureus.
      Agarose gel electrophoresis, dye-buoyant centrifugation, and restriction
      endonuclease digestion showed that the plasmids were maintained intact as self
      replicating elements in S. aureus recipients.

PMID- 6821457
TI  - Production, purification, and preliminary characterization of a gonococcal growth
      inhibitor produced by a coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolated from the
      urogenital flora.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococcus no. 7, isolated from the urogenital flora, was
      grown on semisolid brain heart infusion medium. Supernatants were obtained by
      centrifuging frozen and thawed media which had supported the growth of the
      staphylococci at 37 degrees C. The kinetic of production revealed that the
      antigonococcal activity was detected at the end of the logarithmic phase of
      growth and that the maximum activity was obtained after 24 h of incubation.
      Production of inhibitory activity was detected in cultures grown between 35 and
      39 degrees C and in a pH range of 6.9 to 9.4. The inhibitory substance was
      purified by methanol extraction, acetone fractionation, dialysis, and
      chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54. The characterization of the inhibitor showed
      that it was a lipoprotein or a lipid-associated-protein and that the protein
      component could be separated from the lipids when chromatographed on Ultrogel AcA
      54 in the presence of urea. The inhibitory activity was associated with the
      protein component which had a molecular weight of approximately 15,900. In
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and
      urea, the protein component was dissociated in a subunit estimated to be
      approximately 1,400 daltons.

PMID- 6821456
TI  - Carbenicillin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from clinical isolates which are
      carbenicillin resistant were studied to find the cause(s) of resistance to this
      beta-lactam antibiotic. The electrophoresis patterns of the four strains
      (PH20610, PH20815, PH4011, and PH4301) were found to be different from those of a
      wild-type strain, P. aeruginosa NCTC 10662, and appeared to lack penicillin
      binding protein 2. Affinity of other penicillin-binding proteins from strains
      PH20610 and PH20815 for carbenicillin seemed to be normal or slightly diminished.
      Electrophoretic patterns of penicillin-binding proteins from strains PH4011 and
      PH4301 had more profound differences, since the affinities of their penicillin
      binding proteins 1a, 1b, and 4 for carbenicillin were decreased by nearly two
      orders of magnitude relative to the preparations from the wild-type strain.
      Kinetic studies on binding of carbenicillin to penicillin-binding proteins both
      in isolated membrane preparations and in intact cells revealed that carbenicillin
      penetration into resistant cells was a much slower process than in susceptible
      cells, suggesting that the outer envelope structures serve as an efficient
      barrier against carbenicillin entry into our P. aeruginosa strains from clinical
      isolates.

PMID- 6821455
TI  - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO to nalidixic acid and low levels of beta
      lactam antibiotics: mapping of chromosomal genes.
AB  - Resistance to high concentrations of nalidixic acid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO
      was due to mutations in one locus designated nalA, which was mapped by
      transduction between hex-9001 and leu-10. The nalA mutants were cross-resistant
      to pipemidic acid, a nalidixic acid analog, at relatively low concentrations.
      Replicative DNA synthesis was resistant to both drugs in permeabilized cells of
      nalA mutants. A locus coding for low-level resistance to nalidixic acid, nalB,
      was cotransducible with pyrB, proC, and met-28. The nalB mutants were also
      resistant to low levels of pipemidic acid, novobiocin, and beta-lactam
      antibiotics (e.g., carbenicillin, azlocillin, and cefsulodin), but not to other
      drugs, such as gentamicin, rifampin, kanamycin, or tetracycline. In nalB mutants,
      DNA replication showed wild-type sensitivity to nalidixic acid, whereas
      carbenicillin-induced filamentation required higher drug levels than in the wild
      type strain. Thus, nalB mutations appear to decrease cell permeability to some
      antibiotics. The sensitivity of replicative DNA synthesis to nalidixic acid and
      novobiocin was very similar in P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli; by contrast,
      the concentrations of these drugs needed to inhibit growth of P. aeruginosa were
      higher than those reported for E. coli by one or two orders of magnitude.

PMID- 6821458
TI  - Effects of erythromycin in combination with penicillin, ampicillin, or gentamicin
      on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Since the optimal antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by Listeria
      monocytogenes, particularly in patients allergic to penicillin, is uncertain, we
      investigated the in vitro effects of erythromycin, alone and in combination with
      other antibiotics, on listeriae. Seven strains of listeriae were inhibited but
      not killed by erythromycin, penicillin G, or ampicillin when tested by a
      microtiter broth dilution method. Susceptibility to gentamicin decreased when
      tryptose phosphate broth was substituted for Mueller-Hinton broth, but was
      independent of their calcium and magnesium concentrations. Quantitative killing
      studies performed with erythromycin combined with either penicillin G or
      ampicillin yielded antagonism for all strains, in contrast to microtiter
      checkerboard determinations, which did not indicate antagonism in all instances.
      Antagonism occurred with strains in both the stationary and log phases of growth
      and was slightly reversed by a 120-min preincubation of the listeriae with
      penicillin before the addition of erythromycin. Erythromycin and gentamicin were
      antagonistic in quantitative killing studies. Based on these in vitro findings,
      we conclude that the addition of gentamicin to erythromycin offers no advantage
      in the treatment of listeriosis in the penicillin-allergic patient.

PMID- 6821459
TI  - A comparison of the antibacterial activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin
      (MK0787) with those of other recently developed beta-lactam derivatives.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) was evaluated in
      335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 50 Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa strains, 28 Acinetobacter spp., 50 Streptococcus faecalis strains, and
      7 oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the
      recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefazedone,
      cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam. Among the gram-negative bacteria, N
      formimidoyl thienamycin was less active than cefotaxime against Klebsiella,
      Serratia, and Proteus spp. but had comparable activity against Escherichia coli
      and Enterobacter strains. Activity of the thienamycin derivative was somewhat
      lower than that of moxalactam against most of the strains and superior to that of
      mezlocillin, cefuroxime, and cefoperazone. Moreover, N-formimidoyl thienamycin
      was the most active drug against P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. and had
      activity comparable to that of ampicillin against Streptococcus faecalis. N
      Formimidoyl thienamycin was bactericidal at concentrations less than twice the
      minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in all gram-negative isolates tested.
      Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (MIC of oxacillin, greater than 4
      micrograms/ml) were inhibited at low concentrations of the thienamycin derivative
      (90% MIC, 0.25 micrograms/ml); however, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was not
      bactericidal at the 90% MIC. The antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl
      thienamycin against all of the gram-negative bacilli was observed to be
      independent of beta-lactamase production.

PMID- 6821460
TI  - [Detection of anti-Azotobacter antibodies in sera from tumor patients].
AB  - Employing the agar-gel double immunodiffusion technique, the authors describe the
      presence of antibodies to a protein fraction existing in the supernatant of
      Azotobacter chroococcum cultures in a high percentage of blood sera from cancer
      patients. The small number of false positive results makes them think of the
      convenience of increasing the sensitivity of the procedure to valorate its
      usefulness for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors.

PMID- 6821461
TI  - [Potential model for radiobiological research Stentor coeruleus (Protozoa)].
AB  - The use of the ciliate Stentor coeruleus as a model to study radiosensibility
      after cobalt-60 irradiation is described.

PMID- 6821462
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of secretory immunoglobulins in human parotid and
      submandibular glands.

PMID- 6821463
TI  - [Suspension of antiepilepsy therapy in subjects with epilepsy starting in early
      childhood].
AB  - After a complete review of the literature the AA. found that the results of the
      researches about the withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy in epileptics were
      discordant. In order to investigate predicting criteria in terms of relapses,
      four hundred and fifty-seven epileptic children were followed up for a least
      three years (mean = 4,7 years) after drug withdrawal to determine the frequency
      of relapses and to discern any prognostic criteria. Each child had at least three
      separate a febrile seizures before the age of fifteen. Both primary and secondary
      forms have been considered. Clinical records were analyzed retrospectively to
      determine which factors were associated with recurrent seizures. The factors
      evaluated were: 1) types of seizures, 2) age of onset of seizures, 3) kind of
      therapy, 4) severity of seizure disorder, 5) age of the last seizure, 6) duration
      of therapy, 7) seizure-free period before drug withdrawal, 8) age of interruption
      of anticonvulsive therapy, 9) kind of discontinuation and 10)
      electroencephalography patterns. Statistically significant relationship was found
      between the type of seizure and the risk of relapse. Relapse rates were lowest in
      petit-mal epilepsy (2,6%) and in grandmal attacks (13,2%). The highest rate was
      in children with organic forms (26,2%) and with multiple seizure types (37,5%). A
      striking relationship was observed between increased risk of recurrence and a
      short seizure-free period before drug withdrawal and a short duration of
      therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6821465
TI  - Mechanisms of hemolysis.
AB  - I have reviewed hemolytic disease of the newborn to discuss with you the
      mechanisms by which red cell destruction occurs in the newborn and how such a
      process may be detected. I have introduced the concept of "minimal hemolytic
      disease" that manifests in ABO incompatibility disease and have suggested that
      this process may contribute significantly to the problem of idiopathic
      hyperbilirubinemia. There are many potential causes for this condition and they
      deserve study. The diagnosis of hemolytic disease in the newborn includes careful
      assessment of anemia and of all the factors unique to the newborn that affect its
      appearance and interpretation, as well as careful assessment of the erythrocytes
      themselves.

PMID- 6821464
TI  - [Significance of transitory and asymptomatic ECG changes evaluated in a
      population of subjects with documented myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 6821466
TI  - Bilirubin metabolism in the newborn: historical perspectives and future
      directions.

PMID- 6821467
TI  - Obstetric management of Rh immunization including intrauterine transfusion and
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 6821468
TI  - The elimination of bilirubin.

PMID- 6821469
TI  - Introduction to cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis in health care.

PMID- 6821470
TI  - Health policy uses and usefulness of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness
      analysis.

PMID- 6821471
TI  - Changes in brain surface and cisternal fluid pH during Na-pentobarbital induced
      cardiac arrest in dogs.
AB  - This paper describes the changes in the brain surface pH and cisternal
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base variables during Na-pentobarbital induced
      cardiac arrest in anesthetized dogs. Brain surface pH, reflecting brain
      extracellular fluid (ECF) pH was measured by rapidly responding flat surface pH
      electrodes. Cardiac arrest was induced by intravenous injection of large amounts
      of Na-pentobarbital (60 to 400 mg/kg). The mean arterial blood pressure fell from
      138 +/- 20.8 (mean +/- 1 SD; n = 5) to 33.0 +/- 9.8 mmHg within 30 s after bolus
      injection of pentobarbital, indicating a rapid fall in cerebral blood flow. Brain
      surface pH fell abruptly and profoundly; 1 1/2 and 3 min after induction of
      cardiac arrest, the mean pH had fallen from 7.34 to, respectively, 7.05 and 6.81.
      Cisternal CSF pH changes were considerably slow with the mean pH falling from
      7.35 to 7.00, 10 min after induction of cardiac arrest. This study demonstrates
      that during stagnant hypoxia there is abrupt and profound cerebral acidosis; more
      importantly, however, the data indicate that cisternal CSF pH changes lag behind
      brain ECF pH changes under such circumstances; analysis of cisternal CSF will
      grossly underestimate the magnitude of severity of brain metabolic derangement up
      to 10 min after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 6821472
TI  - Control of the end-tidal PCO2 in the hyperventilation syndrome: effects of
      biofeedback and breathing instructions compared.
AB  - Twenty chronic hyperventilation syndrome patients were assigned to biofeedback
      training to raise end-tidal PCO2 level or received a breathing exercise schedule
      for home practice. Both methods offered equal opportunity for improving end-tidal
      PCO2 significantly. Alleviation of complaints, however, was only noticeable in
      the biofeedback group. This may be due to the fact that improvement in the
      severity of the hyperventilation syndrome was not only significantly related to
      increase in end-tidal PCO2 but also to initial end-tidal PCO2 level and state of
      the ventilatory controlling system. A follow-up evaluation three months after the
      end of the therapy programs showed an unchanged end-tidal PCO2 level in both
      groups as compared with post-treatment evaluation, but a significant relapse in
      complaints in the biofeedback group. Implications of these findings are discussed
      in the final section of this paper.

PMID- 6821473
TI  - [Experimental chronic paraquat poisoning. Functional and histopathological
      pulmonary changes].
AB  - An experimental model of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was attempted in beagle
      dogs by intravenous administration of weak doses of paraquat. After various
      trials, the final protocol involved the intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg repeated
      every eight days for three weeks, and then every 15 days. On the 70th day, areas
      of localized interstitial fibrosis were observed (less than 10% of the surface of
      the tissue sections) in an otherwise healthy parenchyma. There was no marked
      hepatic or renal lesion. The evolution of the inflammatory and toxic processes
      was followed by the changes: 1) in the animal's weight (drop in weight after the
      injection of paraquat), 2) in blood gases (essentially drop in PaO2 and in SaO2),
      3) in ventilation and respiratory exchanges (increase of VE and ventilatory
      frequency, decrease of Duco2), and 4) in static pulmonary compliance (distinct
      fall after injection). All these modifications showed a close relationship to the
      pattern of the paraquat injections. They receded 15 days after the last injection
      and reappeared after a new injection. The pulmonary hemodynamic study carried out
      only at the beginning of the experiment and before the animal was killed showed
      only a few anomalies (reduction of the average pressure of the right atrium).

PMID- 6821475
TI  - [Evaluation of the levels of primary resistance of the tubercle bacillus to
      antibiotics in the district of Algiers. I. Results of the use of a standardized
      questionnaire for patients admitted to the survey].

PMID- 6821474
TI  - Clinical and immunological significance of pregnancy-associated alpha 2
      glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG).

PMID- 6821476
TI  - [Demonstration of a method of passive microhemagglutination for the titration of
      antidiphtheria antibodies].

PMID- 6821477
TI  - [Immunoselection in the diagnosis of heavy alpha chain disease].

PMID- 6821478
TI  - [Evaluation of the levels of primary resistance of the tubercle bacillus to
      antibiotics in the district of Algiers. II. Levels calculated after 6 months use
      of a standard questionnaire].

PMID- 6821479
TI  - [Schistosoma haemotobium bilharziasis in Tassili n'Ajjer. 1. current
      epidemiological data from a focus in Djanet].

PMID- 6821480
TI  - [Schistosomiasis haemotabium bilharziasis in Tassili n'Ajjer. 2. preliminary
      epidemiological data on a focus in Iherir].

PMID- 6821481
TI  - [Exposition of technics for the routine diagnosis of enteric bacteria. 1. A Clark
      Lubs acetate medium for the Voges-Proskauer reaction].

PMID- 6821482
TI  - [Indirect diagnosis of hydatidosis: study of six serologic technics].

PMID- 6821483
TI  - [Is the focus of urinary bilharziasis in Djidiouia on its way to extinction?].

PMID- 6821484
TI  - Synthesis and maturation of the erythrocyte anion transport protein--an internal
      sequence for membrane insertion.
AB  - The biosynthesis of the erythrocyte anion transport glycoprotein, Band III (Mr
      100,000), is of interest, as its N-terminal half is hydrophilic and faces the
      cytoplasmic surface; the C-terminal half spans the phospholipid bilayer several
      times. Band III is synthesized by erythroid precursor cells obtained from the
      spleens of anaemic mice. Newly synthesized Band III was inserted into rough
      endoplasmic reticulum membranes with an asymmetric orientation which resembled
      that of mature Band III in erythrocyte membranes: the N-terminal portion of the
      molecule facing the cytoplasm. Newly made Band III contained a high-mannose
      asparagine-linked oligosaccharide, which was susceptible to cleavage by
      endoglycosidase H. During the next 20-30 min, this oligosaccharide was processed
      to a form resistant to endoglycosidase H degradation, presumably in the Golgi
      complex. The processed Band III was subsequently expressed on the cell surface,
      at about 30-45 min after synthesis. To study the mechanism of insertion of Band
      III into microsomes, we used erythroid precursor cells from the spleens of
      anaemic mice as a source of messenger RNA for studies in vitro in the wheat germ
      and reticulocyte lysate cell-free system containing dog pancreatic microsomes.
      Immediately after synthesis, Band III was found to be inserted into microsomal
      membranes in its mature configuration, with the N-terminal portion exposed to the
      cytoplasm and its hydrophobic C-terminal portion spanning the lipid bilayer. The
      newly-synthesized Band III was also provided with a high-mannose asparagine
      linked oligosaccharide. Band III was found to be inserted into dog pancreatic
      microsomes in a co-translational manner; in synchronized translation studies
      microsomes could be added as late as the time when the hydrophilic N-terminal
      half of the protein had been synthesized and still allow normal trans-membrane
      insertion and glycosylation. There is no cleavage of any N-terminal peptide
      during membrane insertion. In many respects, therefore, the biosynthesis of Band
      III resembles that of co-translationally-inserted proteins whose N-terminal
      portions are exposed on the exterior of the cell, like vesicular stomatitis virus
      glycoprotein, HLA-A antigens, and glycophorin. However, our results suggest that
      Band III contains a sequence near the middle of the protein which directs its
      insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes.

PMID- 6821485
TI  - Signet-ring cell lymphoma.
AB  - In a small cleaved, follicular center cell (poorly differentiated) lymphoma the
      majority of the cells appeared vacuolated by light microscopy. This is an example
      of the recently described signet-ring cell lymphoma. Immunoperoxidase staining
      demonstrated that the cells contained IgG/k. Ultrastructural observations
      indicated that small vacuoles coalesce to form the large vacuoles, which contain
      microvesicles approximately 50 nm in diameter.

PMID- 6821486
TI  - Schizophreniform psychosis in a case of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis.
AB  - A case of a 9-year-old girl with subacute schizophreniform psychosis following
      infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. A hasty--and faulty-
      etiological diagnosis of disturbed family interaction caused additional suffering
      in a situation in which worries were already overwhelming. A meticulous search
      for underlying organic background as well as for psychosocial factors is called
      for in every case of atypical schizophreniform psychosis.

PMID- 6821487
TI  - Successful treatment of extremely brittle, insulin-dependent diabetes with a
      novel subcutaneous insulin pump regimen.
AB  - Brittle, insulin-dependent diabetic patients with extremely labile glucose
      control requiring frequent hospitalizations were treated with a continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion delivered with a programmable pump. As reported by
      others, the patients did not improve with a regimen of preprandial boluses
      superimposed on a continuous single-rate infusion. However, they demonstrated
      dramatic clinical and metabolic improvement with a modified pump regimen that
      delivered a variable square-wave insulin infusion and avoided any boluses. These
      very difficult patients can benefit by insulin pump therapy.

PMID- 6821488
TI  - The effect on mortality of low-dose insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - The presentation, treatment, and outcome in 353 episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis
      have been examined to assess the effect of low-dose insulin therapy on mortality.
      There were 19 deaths during the period of study, with a mortality rate of 4.4%
      for patients treated with infrequent large doses of soluble insulin and 4.6% for
      patients treated with frequent intramuscular injections or continuous infusion of
      insulin. We conclude that in a center which practices an intensive care approach
      to the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, the use of a low-dose insulin regimen
      has not altered mortality.

PMID- 6821489
TI  - Transient anterior electrocardiographic changes simulating acute anterior
      myocardial infarction in diabetic ketoacidosis.
AB  - In two patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, electrocardiography showed
      transient anterior changes suggestive of acute transmural infarction without
      subsequent evidence of myocardial necrosis. While the mechanism of these and
      other temporary electrocardiographic changes in diabetic ketoacidosis remains
      unclear, appreciation of their transient nature is essential if misdiagnosis of
      myocardial infarction and possible inappropriate delay in intravenous fluid
      administration are to be avoided. When electrocardiographic abnormalities are
      present early in diabetic ketoacidosis, the full 12-lead electrocardiogram should
      be repeated after adequate resuscitation.

PMID- 6821490
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating severely uncontrolled diabetes
      mellitus: report of nine cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - We report the occurrence of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in
      association with uncontrolled diabetes in nine patients. In reviewing the
      literature we found nine similar cases reported in little over a decade. In most
      cases no condition known to precipitate ARDS was discovered. The evidence
      suggests that the severely uncontrolled diabetic state in some way may initiate
      pathologic events leading to the capillary leak of ARDS. This description of the
      association of these two entities not commonly recognized as occurring
      simultaneously has important clinical implications: the entity should be
      anticipated in uncontrolled diabetic patients who present with acidosis,
      hypotension, hypothermia, and/or coma. The clinical or radiologic diagnosis of
      pneumonia or fluid overload should not be made in the uncontrolled diabetic
      patient in the absence of unequivocal evidence of infection or congestive heart
      failure. The development of dyspnea, hypoxemia, rales, or infiltrates in the
      otherwise routine resuscitation of these patients should lead the clinician to
      suspect the development of ARDS. Prompt invasive monitoring in these cases is
      indicated to aid in their management and may help to improve survival. We found
      calculation of the A-a gradient to be useful in patients with uncontrolled
      diabetes. Although not necessarily predictive, widened gradients were the
      earliest detectable abnormality found in all patients who developed ARDS.

PMID- 6821492
TI  - A cost-beneficial diabetic control program with glucose self-monitoring.

PMID- 6821491
TI  - Urine C-peptide after recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis: an index of insulin
      dependency.
AB  - C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in 24-h urine was assayed in 13 diabetic
      patients during and after recovery from ketoacidosis. In 10 patients who remained
      insulin-dependent on discharge and in the subsequent follow-up period, urine CPR
      was low (18 micrograms/day or less), while in three patients who were ultimately
      controlled by diet or sulfonylureas, urine CPR was normal (59-92 micrograms/day,
      normal value 74 +/- 26 micrograms/day). In the latter group, urine CPR in one
      patient assayed during ketoacidosis was 6 micrograms/day and, in another patient,
      it was 22 micrograms/day on the 3rd day of the admission. This may imply that in
      the latter group, B-cell function was decompensated in ketoacidosis, but was
      restored after recovery. Clinical courses suggested that these patients were not
      in the remission phase of IDDM, but belonged to NIDDM. Among other groups of
      diabetic patients, urine CPR in those treated with diet or sulfonylureas was 72
      +/- 30 micrograms/day and always higher than 20 micrograms/day. The prevalence of
      urine CPR less than 20 micrograms/day was more frequent in those with younger
      onset of diabetes, higher insulin dosage, unstable diabetes, or previous history
      of ketoacidosis among insulin-treated patients. We suggest that urine CPR less
      than 20 micrograms/day is an index of insulin dependency, although in a state of
      extreme decompensation of B-cells such as in ketoacidosis, urine CPR can be
      decreased low even in NIDDM.

PMID- 6821494
TI  - What is a reasonable cost of appropriate education?

PMID- 6821493
TI  - Efficiency of human insulin (recombinant DNA) in the treatment of diabetic
      ketoacidosis and severe nonketoacidotic hyperglycemia.
AB  - Human insulin (recombinant DNA) was compared with pork insulin in the treatment
      of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe nonketoacidotic hyperglycemia using a
      continuous, intravenous, low-dose regimen. Seven patients (age range 48 +/- 26
      yr, mean +/- SD) with diabetic ketoacidosis and three (52, 65, and 70 yr) with
      nonketoacidotic hyperglycemia were studied. In the ketoacidotic group the initial
      values of blood glucose, pH, and base excess were 808 +/- 353 mg/dl, 7.06 +/-
      0.1, and -22.8 +/- 5.9 mmol/L, respectively. The mean initial values of blood
      glucose and osmolality of the three patients with nonketoacidotic hyperglycemia
      were 731 +/- 127 mg/dl and 355 +/- 49 mosmol/kg, respectively. Within 24 h
      insulin therapy led to continuous improvement in blood glucose to 187 +/- 90
      (ketoacidotic patients) and 172 +/- 28 mg/dl (nonketoacidotic group) and
      normalization of pH, base excess, and osmolality. The mean insulin requirement
      was 84 +/- 45 U/24 h in ketoacidotic and 86 +/- 18 U/24 h in nonketoacidotic
      patients, respectively. The comparison groups receiving pork insulin did not
      differ significantly in either clinical or initial and subsequent biochemical
      data or in insulin requirement.

PMID- 6821496
TI  - Plasmid mediated enhancement of uv resistance in Streptococcus faecalis.

PMID- 6821497
TI  - Transfer of pUB110 plasmid via spontaneous transformation in Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 6821495
TI  - A rapid method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses employing a
      single system.

PMID- 6821498
TI  - Regulation of plasmid-encoded lactose genes in different gram-negative
      enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 6821499
TI  - Epidemiological and structural studies of Staphylococcus aureus R plasmids
      mediating resistance to tobramycin and streptogramin.

PMID- 6821500
TI  - Urethritis in men: benefits, risks, and costs of alternative strategies of
      management.
AB  - Four alternative strategies for the management of men with acute urethritis were
      analyzed: treating patients with tetracycline, with or without a urethral
      culture, without basing the initial treatment decision on the results of a gram
      stained smear; treating patients with penicillin, without basing initial
      treatment on the results of a gram-stained smear; basing initial treatment with
      tetracycline or penicillin on the results of a gram-stained smear; and basing
      treatment on the results of both a gram-stained smear and a culture. The
      tetracycline strategy resulted in fewer days of morbidity, a lower probability of
      premature death, lower dollar costs, and a much lower rate of uncured
      nongonococcal urethritis, but in slightly higher rates of uncured gonorrhea and
      syphilis than more traditional strategies. Use of culture with the tetracycline
      strategy (1A) permitted tracing of gonorrhea contacts, achieved the same low
      morbidity, and added little cost. The conclusions were true regardless of the
      probability of gonorrhea and for reasonable estimates of probable compliance with
      oral medication regimens. Test-of-cure cultures for patients who were
      asymptomatic after treatment for gonorrhea required the expenditure of from
      $4,900 to $109,800 for each case of asymptomatic persistent gonorrhea discovered
      and cured, depending on the strategy used.

PMID- 6821503
TI  - [Akabane disease and Akabane virus].

PMID- 6821502
TI  - Treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men with a rifampicin-erythromycin
      combination.
AB  - A group of men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with a
      single oral dose of rifampicin (900 mg) and erythromycin stearate (1 g).
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from four of 108 men at the first follow-up
      examination, and from none of 68 who attended a second follow-up examination. It
      is concluded that this rifampicin-erythromycin combination may be useful for the
      therapy of gonorrhea. It may be of particular value in the treatment of
      infections due to penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, since in vitro studies
      showed that both rifampicin and erythromycin were active against 20 strains of
      beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae. The effect of this rifampicin
      erythromycin combination against associated infections with Chlamydia trachomatis
      was disappointing. This organism was isolated from five of nine patients who had
      yielded isolates of C. trachomatis before treatment.

PMID- 6821504
TI  - [Studies of the effect of antituberculosis agents against tubercle bacilli of the
      chronic tuberculosis in mice].

PMID- 6821501
TI  - Infections with non-penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae treated with
      cefuroxime: treatment failures.
AB  - Two men who acquired acute gonococcal urethritis in The Netherlands and who were
      treated with cefuroxime (1.5 g given intramuscularly) failed to respond to this
      therapy. Pre- and post-treatment isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from these
      patients had MICs of 0.5 and 1.0 microgram of cefuroxime/ml.

PMID- 6821505
TI  - Genetic and biochemical study of threonine-overproducing mutants of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Three threonine-overproducing mutants were obtained as prototrophic revertants of
      a hom3 mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene HOM3 codes for
      aspartokinase (aspartate kinase; EC 2.7.2.4), the first enzyme of the threonine
      methionine biosynthetic route, which is subjected to feedback inhibition by
      threonine. Enzymatic studies indicated that aspartokinase from the revertants has
      lost the feedback inhibition, resulting in overproduction of threonine. These
      revertants also bore one or two additional mutations, named tex1-1 and tex2-1,
      which alone or jointly made possible the excretion of the threonine accumulated.
      The effect of these two genes on excretion is potentiated by excess inositol in
      the medium.

PMID- 6821506
TI  - Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in normal mouse B cells.
AB  - We have analyzed the structure of rearranged mu heavy-chain genes obtained from
      the genomic DNA of normal BALB/c mouse spleen cells expressing surface
      immunoglobulin M. Examples were found of two types of nonproductive
      rearrangements, which may be responsible for allelic exclusion in normal B cells.
      In one of these rearrangements, a germ line D gene segment has joined to the JH4
      gene segment but no V/D joining has occurred. We present evidence that D gene
      segments lie as a cluster between V and J gene segments in the germ line. A
      comparison of conserved sequences in V and D gene segments suggests that the D
      gene segments, which are found only in the heavy-chain gene family, may have
      evolved from V gene segments similar to the Vk family.

PMID- 6821508
TI  - The case for extended recovery in posttraumatic epilepsy.

PMID- 6821507
TI  - The pathways of biosynthesis for prostaglandins by the stimulus triggered
      macrophage.

PMID- 6821509
TI  - Pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from birth to
      adulthood in male rabbit. Changes in the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH
      injection.
AB  - Pituitary content and concentration of LH and FSH were measured by
      radioimmunoassay from birth to adulthood. The pituitary contents and
      concentrations of both gonadotropins increased from birth to 70-90 days, then
      reaching adult levels. 1 microgram/100 g body weight of synthetic LHRH was
      administered to immature (25 and 55 days of age) and adult male rabbits. LH and
      FSH were measured in plasma samples taken just before and 30 min after LHRH
      injection. At all stages studied, LHRH significantly increased circulating LH and
      FSH. The FSH response at 55 days and at adult age was lower than that of LH.
      There was a peripubertal increase of the mobilizable pituitary reserve of LH
      while the FSH reserve slightly but not significantly increased. This change in
      the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH could play a role in pubertal processes.

PMID- 6821510
TI  - Review of clinical activity and mode of action of sodium cromoglycate.

PMID- 6821511
TI  - Modulation of release of neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF).

PMID- 6821512
TI  - The management of bronchial asthma in children under the age of 3 1/2 years using
      Intal (sodium cromoglycate) administered by Spinhaler.

PMID- 6821515
TI  - Adolescents in long-term hospitals.

PMID- 6821513
TI  - Markedly elevated levels of an endogenous sarc protein in a hemopoietic precursor
      cell line.
AB  - The src gene product of Harvey murine sarcoma virus is a 21,000-dalton guanine
      nucleotide-binding protein. We have recently shown that a wide variety of
      vertebrate cell strains and cell lines express much lower levels of an endogenous
      p21 immunologically related to the Harvey murine sarcoma virus-coded p21. In this
      report, we have examined the levels of endogenous p21 in a unique hemopoietic
      precursor cell line, 416B, which was originally described as a continuous cell
      line of a hemopoietic stem cell, CFU-S. The currently available 416B cells
      express markedly elevated levels of endogenous p21. The level of endogenous p21
      in the 416B cells is 5- to 10-fold higher than the level of p21 in Harvey murine
      sarcoma virus-infected cells and more than 100 times higher than the level of
      endogenous p21 that we have observed in a variety of other fresh or cultured
      cells. The results indicate that marked regulation of the levels of an endogenous
      sarc gene product can occur, and speculation about a possible role for endogenous
      p21 in normal hemopoietic stem cells is discussed.

PMID- 6821516
TI  - Treatment simulators.

PMID- 6821514
TI  - Intracisternal A-particle genes in Mus musculus: a conserved family of retrovirus
      like elements.
AB  - The structural organization of intracisternal A-particle genes has been studied,
      using isolates from a mouse gene library in lambda phage Charon 4A. The
      predominant gene form among the isolates was 7.3 kilobases (kb) in length. R
      loops between the 7-kb (35S) A-particle genomic ribonucleic acid and several of
      these genes were colinear, with no visible evidence of intervening
      deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. One recombinant was found with an A-particle
      gene that contained a 1.7-kb deletion. Using the deletion as a reference, the
      deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid homology regions were localized with
      respect to one another and to the restriction map: the 5' terminus of the
      ribonucleic acid was several hundred base pairs within the 5' end of the
      deoxyribonucleic acid homology region. Restriction endonuclease fragments
      encompassing the 5' and 3' regions of one 7.3-kb gene were separately subcloned
      into pBR322. Heteroduplexes between the two subclones revealed an approximately
      300-base pair segment of terminally redundant sequences. The cloned 3' fragment
      hybridized with restriction fragments from the 5' end of several other A-particle
      genes, demonstrating the presence of common (though not necessarily identical)
      terminally repeated sequences. A-particle genes varied in the occurrence of
      specific restriction sites at characteristic internal loci. However,
      heteroduplexes between several variant 7.3-kb genes showed continuous homology
      regions even when spread under stringent hybridization conditions. The relative
      abundance of restriction site variants was highly conserved in 12 laboratory
      strains of Mus musculus, in embryonic and adult tissues of a single inbred
      strain, and in the SC-1 cell line of feral mouse origin, but appeared to differ
      in a feral Japanese substrain, Mus musculus molossinus. Some evidence suggests
      that subsets of A-particle genes may have similar flanking sequences. The results
      are discussed in terms of the evolution of this multigene family.

PMID- 6821517
TI  - Analysis of therapeutic effect in experimental chemoimmunotherapy for rat ascites
      tumor.
AB  - The lyophilized, squalene-treated Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) was
      confirmed to produce tumoricidal peritoneal macrophages resulting in inhibition
      of tumor growth when injected locally into the syngeneic ascites fibrosarcoma,
      AMC 60 in ACI/N rats. Furthermore, N-CWS was found to augment therapeutic effect
      when administered repeatedly after a single local injection of mitomycin-C (MMC).
      To analyze the effects, various in vitro cytolysis assays were performed using N
      CWS-activated peritoneal macrophages. When tumor target cells were exposed in
      vitro to MMC, the resulting cytolysis in the presence of N-CWS-activated
      macrophages was similar to cytolysis of intact target cells. On the other hand,
      when N-CWS-activated macrophages were exposed to MMC, the tumoricidal activity
      was lost significantly, depending on exposure to MMC. When tumor target cells and
      N-CWS-activated macrophages were simultaneously exposed to MMC, tumor-cell
      cytolysis was strikingly depressed. In the final experiment, combined injection
      of MMC and N-CWS into the ascites tumor resulted in remarkable increases not only
      in peritoneal exudate cell number, but also in in vitro tumoricidal activity of
      peritoneal macrophages as compared to those induced by either agent alone. In
      addition, the production of tumoricidal macrophages by IP injection of MMC alone
      was also noticeable, as described previously. These results possibly indicate the
      involvement of macrophage activation in induction of therapeutic effect in
      chemoimmunotherapy.

PMID- 6821518
TI  - [Antimicrobial activity of the epicarp of the fruits of Paulownia fortunei and
      Paulownia tomentosa].
AB  - One antimicrobial substance was obtained from the epicarp of the fruits of
      Paulownia fortunei and Paulownia tomentosa. Other parts of the fruits and leaves
      had no detectable antimicrobial activity. The substance was active in vitro for
      Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis while it had lower activity for
      Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and the lowest was for Escherichia coli. The active
      material was extracted with organic solvents (ether, ethanol and acetone). The
      activity "in vitro" was demonstrated by the method of dilution in nutrient agar
      media. The active substance looked as a resin and was insoluble in water at
      neutral or acid pH. It was very soluble in strong alkaline pH solution.

PMID- 6821520
TI  - [Production of coprecipitating antibody in rabbits immunized repeatedly with
      ovalbumin in different physical states].
AB  - A comparative study has been made of rabbit precipitating and coprecipitating
      anti-egg albumin antibody in rabbits repeatedly injected with soluble and
      particulate antigens. Four different antigens were used. a) Soluble egg albumin.
      b) Polymerized egg albumin. c) Egg albumin linked Brucella abortus 19 strain. d)
      Brucella abortus 19 strain. Rabbits were subcutaneously injected every 2 weeks
      during 29 weeks. Before each inoculation they were bled and the concentration of
      serum precipitating and coprecipitating antibodies was determined. In animals
      inoculated with the soluble antigen, coprecipitating antibodies were present
      during the whole course of the immune response and they constituted 10% of the
      total antibody population. In rabbits injected with particulate antigen (egg
      albumin linked Brucella abortus) coprecipitating antibodies were also present
      during the whole course of the immune response but their serum concentration was
      not the same in different periods of time. An increase in coprecipitating
      antibodies began at the 13th week reaching 50% of the total antibodies at the
      28th week. Similar results had been obtained in rabbits injected with Brucella s.
      p. In animals inoculated with polymerized egg albumin, coprecipitating antibodies
      increased to high levels from the 1st to the 23rd week; during this period it
      constituted 50% of the total antibody population, after which, the animals became
      tolerogenic. On the basis of these results, the increase in coprecipitating
      antibodies in rabbit sera would be related to: 1) antigen physicochemical
      characteristics (soluble o particulate); 2) the number of epitopes in the
      particle, and 3) the size of the antigen particles.

PMID- 6821521
TI  - [Bacillus subtilis BSA 170 trp- ura-: a new nutritional mutant with absolute
      requirements for exogenous tryptophan and uracil for its growth].
AB  - A new Bacillus subtilis mutant was prepared, with a double nutritional
      requirement for uracil and tryptophan. The mutant, designed Bacillus subtilis BSA
      170 trp- ura-, was constructed by transformation method, acting B. subtilis
      strain PB 168 trp- as recipient and B. subtilis strain PB 3308 ura- as
      transforming DNA donor cells. The BSA 170 trp- ura- strain was selected by
      replication of transformed population on nutritionally selective media.
      Competence development induction and genetic markers transformability were
      tested. The new mutant was competent by Young and Spizizen's methodology.
      Furthermore, both markers, uracil and tryptophan, may be transformed when B.
      subtilis BSA 170 trp- ura- competent cells are treated with transforming DNA
      isolated from B. subtilis PB 19, prototroph. Transformation frequency rate for
      each marker alone was far larger than that reached for both taken together.

PMID- 6821519
TI  - [Bacteriologic diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a general hospital].
AB  - In a study performed in a general hospital within a period of 19 months, a total
      of 233 specimens of extrapulmonary origin and 543 lung secretions were tested for
      mycobacteria. The biopsy and punction fluid specimens were cultured without
      previous decontaminating treatment in Lowenstein Jensen, Stonebrink, Middlebrook
      7H9, 7H10, 7H11 media and inoculated into guinea pigs (Table 1). Urine and lung
      secretion specimens were decontaminated and cultured in Lowenstein Jensen and
      Stonebrink media. No inoculation into guinea pigs was performed with these
      samples. The percentages of positivity by culture were: 11.2% for all
      extrapulmonary specimens (15% excluding 66 urine samples) and 22.5% for the lung
      secretions. Positive results were obtained in direct smear examinations in 82% of
      all positive-culture lung secretions and in 8% of the extrapulmonary specimens.
      Inoculation into guinea pigs gave less positive results than cultures. On the
      basis of the present study, it is recommended to culture every extrapulmonary
      specimens for mycobacteria. These samples should be processed immediately after
      collection and, if possible, without previous decontamination to assure the best
      test sensitivity. Eight percent of the strains obtained from extrapulmonary
      specimens were typed as M. bovis.

PMID- 6821523
TI  - [Lung denervation. A study of therapy of shock lung].
AB  - It is the objective of this experiment to study the protective effect of
      pulmonary denervation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (shock lung). The
      experiments were performed by means of a model of pulmonary embolization with
      oleic acid in dogs. In the first series sequential tissue changes in the lung
      following oleic acid embolism are shown and the clinical changes are
      demonstrated. By a meticulous description of the anatomy of pulmonary innervation
      it is demonstrated that surgical denervation of the lung is only possible in the
      hilar area. A second series of experiments shows the effect of oleic acid
      embolism in animals after reimplantation of one lung. This means that the
      reimplanted lung is completely denervated. A description of the technique of
      pulmonary reimplantation is also given. It is stated that following oleic acid
      embolism, the reimplanted lung is less damaged than the contralateral innervated
      lung. In addition, animals with unilateral lung reimplantation have significantly
      better pulmonary function after oleic acid embolism than healthy animals with
      bilaterally innervated lungs. Finally, a technique of reversible bilateral
      denervation of the lung by transbronchial infiltration of both hili with a long
      acting local anaesthetic via bronchoscopy is described. Animals, whose lungs were
      denervated in this way were embolized with oleic acid. It could be shown that as
      long as the reversible denervation is effective there is no significant
      functional reaction following oleic acid embolism as compared to healthy and non
      denervated animals.

PMID- 6821522
TI  - Study of trace elements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis stage I-II, before
      and after treatment.
AB  - The study of the copper, zinc, iron and magnesium serum values in 35 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stage I-II, before and after therapy with indocin,
      gold salts and transfer factor showed a significant increase of copper to 129-340
      gamma/100 ml, mean value 214.6 gamma/100 ml as compared with 65-145 gamma/100 ml,
      mean value 107.6 gamma/100 ml in the controls. The values of serum copper were
      found to evaluate with the severity of diseases returning to normal values in the
      patients with good response to therapy. In disagreement with some authors who
      found decreases of serum zinc in the course of rheumatoid arthritis, in our study
      the values obtained did not vary significantly as compared to normal (mean value
      119 gamma/100 ml in RA as compared with 94.7 gamma/100 ml in the controls). The
      decrease of iron and magnesium serum concentration was also found nonsignificant
      in the patients with RA investigated. The results are discussed in terms of
      physiopathology.

PMID- 6821525
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 6821524
TI  - New drugs in ophthalmology.

PMID- 6821526
TI  - Engrailed: a gene controlling compartment and segment formation in Drosophila.
AB  - A total of 58 mutations at the engrailed locus were isolated. Analysis suggests
      that this genetic locus is necessary for survival but required only in the cells
      of the posterior compartments. Inactivation of the engrailed locus renders the
      animal incapable of maintaining the separation between the groups of cells that
      constitute either the compartments that subdivide each segment or the individual
      segments themselves.

PMID- 6821527
TI  - Current concepts on the biology, evolution and taxonomy of tissue cyst-forming
      eimeriid coccidia.

PMID- 6821528
TI  - Membrane activity and topography of F-Met-Leu-Phe-Treated polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. Acute and sustained responses to chemotactic peptide.
AB  - The chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe)
      causes a dramatic stimulation of membrane ruffling and a fluid pinocytosis in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). These responses are maximal by 1 minute and
      subside within 5-10 minutes. The same immediate responses characterize cells
      exposed to several peptide hormones and may thus represent an essential component
      of target cell activation by peptides. The stimulation of the whole membrane
      following f-Met-Leu-Phe binding is succeeded by the development of a polarized
      cell shape with a posterior uropod and a broad anterior lamellipodium, both
      subtended by microfilaments. Membrane components and functions segregate into
      distinct domains on polarized PMNs. Thus, succinyl concanavalin A-receptor
      complexes are capped and internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis at the
      uropod; the uptake by fluid pinocytosis of fluorescein-dextran is restricted to
      the uropod; and coated pits and coated vesicles are concentrated at the uropod.
      The lamellipodium excludes coated pits and lacks pinocytic activity but shows
      preferential binding of immunoglobulin aggregates, presumably to Fc receptors.
      The origin and physiologic implications of these asymmetries of membrane
      molecular and functional topography on polarized cells are discussed.

PMID- 6821531
TI  - Carbon monoxide criteria. With reference to effects on the heart, central nervous
      system and fetus.

PMID- 6821530
TI  - [Primary isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi using hemoculture: effect of media
      composition on epimastigote differentiation].
AB  - It was investigated the modifications of culture medium which facilitated the
      differentiation of blood tripomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi to epimastigotes
      and its further reproduction. Trypanosomas were obtained "in vitro" from country
      rodents with parasites, caught in Las Higueras Municipality, Rio Cuarto
      Department. They were differentiated and developed faster in mediums poorer in
      nutrients (N.N.N. and Tobie) than in enriched ones, generally used to mantain
      epimastigotes in culture (LIT and Medium Base). Different mediums were tested: a)
      Novy and Mc Neal medium modified by Nicole (N.N.N.); b) N.N.N. medium modified by
      the addition of glucose (10 g/l); c) Tobie medium with different mediums as
      liquid phase; d) Tobie medium modified by the addition of glucose (10 g/l); e)
      Warren medium; f) Warren medium modified by the addition of glucose (10 g/l); g)
      LIT medium; h) Medium Base (M.B.); i) 16 mediums obtained from M.B. modified by
      changing only one of its components, either quantitative or quantitatively, so
      that the difference with the original one was in a sole component. All mediums
      were assayed with blood of albino BALB/c mice infected with T. cruzi: Tulahuen
      strain and two wild strains isolated from country mice. To observe the effect on
      results, certain working conditions were changed: a) cultivated tripomastigotes
      density; b) blood from different rabbits, to enrich the cultures; c) trademark of
      each component used in medium preparations; d) bleeding of infected mice in
      different days post injection; e) mediums in liquid state or diphasic. These
      technical modifications did not alter the results. Only glucose proved to
      influence the differentiation to epimastigote.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 6821529
TI  - Propagation of normal human epithelial cell populations using an in vivo culture
      system. Description and applications.
AB  - A new model using xenotransplanted human epithelia was developed for the study of
      toxic and carcinogenic effects of chemicals. Epithelial cells from the
      respiratory tract of 4 male and 3 female premature and fullterm fetuses were
      enzymatically removed and inoculated into deepithelialized rat tracheas. These
      were sealed at both ends and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. After 3
      4 weeks, a normal mucociliary epithelium covered the tracheal lumen. At this
      stage the epithelial cells could be isolated again and transplanted into new
      denuded rat tracheas. This passaging could be repeated up to six times, each
      permitting an amplification factor of approximately 3. Tracheal transplants
      containing cells of human origin (in vivo Passages 2-4) were treated with 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias, and dysplasias
      were seen 1-8 weeks after initiation of treatment, indicating that the responses
      of human and rodent epithelial cells to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are
      similar. Initial experiments with skin and esophageal epithelia suggest that
      other covering epithelia could also be used in this fashion for evaluation of
      toxicants and carcinogens that are likely to come into contact with these
      tissues.

PMID- 6821533
TI  - Life span dynamics of intra-skeletal radionuclide distribution in radium-injected
      beagles.
AB  - The distribution of 226Ra activity among the bone groups of the skeleton has been
      measured as a function of time after exposure for 12 beagles. The dogs were given
      8 semi-monthly injections of radium totalling 0.37 microCi/kg, 1.11 microCi/kg,
      or 3.33 microCi/kg between the ages of 435 and 535 days. They were then
      sacrificed from 27 to 2764 days after the last injection. The fractional
      contribution of individual bone groups to the initial skeletal radioactivity
      distribution changed during the time of this study; the maximum decrease was a
      factor of 0.54 and the maximum increase was a factor of 1.58. Using a partitioned
      clearance model, the whole-body retention function characteristic of beagles
      exposed to radium levels less than or equal to 3.33 microCi/kg was partitioned
      into two functions representative of cancellous and compact bone. The functions
      were incorporated into a mathematical description of the 226Ra distribution data
      in a manner that provides estimates for the fraction of cancellous and compact
      bone in each skeletal component. Comparison of dosimetric estimates and site
      specific tumor occurrence for these beagles revealed an apparent 90-fold
      variation of dose-response among the bone groups studied.

PMID- 6821534
TI  - A preliminary study on the dosimetric properties of CaSO4: Dy ribbon (TLD-900).
AB  - Solid thermoluminescent CaSO4:Dy (TLD-900) has been recently put on the market by
      Harshaw Chemical Co. Preliminary results on annealing, glow-curve, short-time
      fading, dose and energy response and reproducibility of TLD-900 ribbons are
      presented.

PMID- 6821532
TI  - Loss of mouse testis mass after X-irradiation or injection of 22Na.
AB  - Mass loss in the mouse testis per unit of absorbed dose was used as a means of
      comparing acute external with protracted internal whole body irradiation. The
      external and internal sources were X-rays and 22Na respectively. Estimates of the
      absolute dose to the testis from 22Na were made. The effects of acute and
      protracted radiation on the integrated loss in mass in the testis per unit of
      absorbed dose are similar.

PMID- 6821535
TI  - Natural radiation in Poland and its disturbance in an urban environment.
AB  - Natural gamma radiation was investigated in both a rural and an urban environment
      in a two-part program. In the first part, outdoor doses were monitored for 2 yr
      at 300 locations throughout the country, mainly rural regions. The second series
      of measurements was performed in and around a medium-sized town. For 1 yr, the
      dose rates were measured in the open air and inside residential buildings.
      Surveys were carried out by means of TL dosimetric cards that were evaluated
      automatically and by a pressure ionization chamber. We found that in Poland the
      natural radionuclides from the upper layer of the earth produce outdoor dose
      rates ranging from 1.5 to 9 mu rad hr-1 absorbed in air and the terrestrial
      radiation contributes 20-70% of the total outdoor radiation. Significant
      variations were observed during different seasons of year. The population
      weighted outdoor average found for the whole country amounted to 3.73 mu rad hr
      1, i.e. 20% lower than the estimated world average. The natural outdoor radiation
      field is significantly altered in towns because of different ground beddings. Low
      activity coverings made of asphalt or concrete reduce the dose rates above them
      by about 15%, while those made of certain kinds of stone increase the dose rates
      by 50-100%. Dose rates inside buildings are higher than those outdoors by 20-80%,
      depending on the building material.

PMID- 6821536
TI  - Tests of the linearity assumption in the dose-effect relationship for radiation
      induced cancer.
AB  - The validity of the BEIR linear extrapolation to low doses of the dose-effect
      relationship for radiation induced cancer is tested by use of natural radiation
      making use of selectivity on type of cancer, smoking habits, sex, age group,
      geographic area and/or time period. For lung cancer, a linear interpolation
      between zero dose-zero effect and the data from radon-induced cancers in miners
      implies that the majority of all lung cancers among non-smokers are due to radon;
      since lung cancers in miners are mostly small-cell undifferentiated (SCU), a
      rather rare type in general, linearity over predicts the frequency of SCU lung
      cancers among non smokers by a factor of 10, and among non-smoking females age 25
      44 by a factor of 24. Similarly, linearity predicts that the majority of all lung
      cancers early in this century were due to radon even after due consideration is
      given to cases missed by poor diagnostic efficiency (this matter is considered in
      some detail). For the 30-40 age range, linearity over predicts the total lung
      cancer rate at that time by a factor of 3-6; for SCU lung cancer, the over
      prediction is by at least a factor of 10. Other causes of lung cancer are
      considered which further enhance the degree to which the linearity assumption
      over-estimates the effects of low level radiation. A similar analysis is applied
      to leukemia induced by natural radiation. It is concluded that the upper limit
      for this is not higher than estimates from the linearity hypothesis. The use of
      the selectivities is justified by the fact that the total incidence of lung
      cancer or leukemia is an upper limit on the rate at which it is caused by natural
      radiation effects; in determining upper limits it is justifiable to select
      situations which minimize them.

PMID- 6821538
TI  - The use of M X-rays from 238-239Pu and 241Am to study shallow depositions in body
      surfaces.

PMID- 6821539
TI  - Health physics research reactor spectrum measurements with threshold detector
      units.

PMID- 6821540
TI  - Responsibilities of NARM licensing states.

PMID- 6821541
TI  - Field determination of 137Cs assimilation efficiencies in wild cotton rats
      (Sigmodon hispidus).

PMID- 6821537
TI  - Follow-up investigation of the 89Sr, 90Sr and 238Pu, 239Pu and 240Pu content in
      fission-produced 99Mo-99mTc generators.

PMID- 6821542
TI  - Radon adsorption in a gas flow by activated charcoal.

PMID- 6821543
TI  - Quality factor for charged particle recoils as a function of neutron energy.

PMID- 6821545
TI  - Radioactivity from the uranium and thorium series in nonferrous metals.

PMID- 6821546
TI  - Critical comments on "Radiation dose to children from X-ray and radioisotope
      examinations".

PMID- 6821544
TI  - Appropriate sensitivity levels for the assay of 222Rn in water using liquid
      scintillation techniques.

PMID- 6821548
TI  - Introduction of the new S.I. units.

PMID- 6821549
TI  - Immunosuppression by marihuana and its cannabinoid constituents.

PMID- 6821547
TI  - Radiation dose to children from X-ray and radioisotope examinations.

PMID- 6821552
TI  - Effects of simple imidazoles on human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by
      mitogen or allogeneic cells.
AB  - Five imidazole compounds were added to cultures of human lymphocytes which had
      been stimulated to undergo blast transformation by exposure to
      phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen or allogeneic cells. Two compounds,
      clotrimazole and dacarbazine (DTIC) produced a dose related suppression of these
      responses. Nimorazole was largely inactive whereas metronidazole and tinidazole
      actually enhanced the response--at least in those cultures stimulated by the
      plant mitogens. It is suggested that experiments of this kind are helpful in
      identifying those imidazole compounds that could be used as immunosuppressants in
      vivo.

PMID- 6821550
TI  - Iron and deferoxamine in lymphocyte blastogenesis.
AB  - Murine lymphocytes in tissue culture accumulate 59Fe during the blastogenic
      process. The accumulation of iron is related to the time of maximal activity of
      DNA synthesis. A chelator of iron, deferoxamine, inhibits blastogenesis with 50%
      inhibitory concentration of 5 microM. These results suggest that iron is
      necessary for the blastogenic response and may partially explain the immune
      deficiency associated with iron deficiency anemia.

PMID- 6821551
TI  - Appearance of strong transplantation antigens in non-immunogenic lymphoma
      following drug-treatment in vivo.
AB  - A chemically induced lymphosarcoma line (LSBM-1) of C57BL/10 (H-2b) origin lacks
      detectable TATA and is scarcely immunogenic for H-2-incompatible congenic
      recipients. New antigenic specificities, defined as drug-mediated tumor
      antigen(s) (DMTA) were found in a subline (LBD-1) obtained by in vivo treatment
      of LSBM-1 with the anti-neoplastic agent dimethyl-1-triazeno-imidazole
      carboxamide (DTIC) over several transplant generations. It was concluded that the
      presence of detectable TATA is not a prerequisite for the induction of new
      antigenic specificities (DMTA).

PMID- 6821554
TI  - Effects of levamisole on the phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils
      from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Incubation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) with levamisole increased the ability of those cells to
      reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). PMN cells from SLE patients treated with
      levamisole had an increased ability to reduce NBT compared with PMN cells taken
      before treatment.

PMID- 6821553
TI  - Immunopharmacologic properties of 1,6-bis[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]xanthen-9-one
      dihydrochloride (Wy-15297).
AB  - When tested in a series of immunopharmacologic assays, the interferon inducer, WY
      15297, was shown to lack activity in early vascular and humoral phases of the
      inflammatory response, while it was quite effective against the immunologic
      phase. The profile of activity of Wy-15927 was, however, unlike those previously
      described for reference antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and this may
      represent one of a new class of immunopharmacologic agents capable of selectively
      modulating the lymphoreticular system.

PMID- 6821555
TI  - Immunologic alterations by environmental chemicals: relevance of studying
      mechanisms versus effects.
AB  - A number of environmental chemicals are known to modify the immune responses via
      a number of different mechanisms. Immunologic systems are vital to the well-being
      of individuals and a number of toxic effects are likely to be produced by
      chemical alteration of its processes. A variety of tests have been suggested for
      screening existing or new chemicals with regards to their potential to modify the
      immune responses. It is well recognized that immune responses are highly temporal
      (time-related) and the outcome of a test is likely to be influenced by the
      specific protocol employed and other factors that may involve the test organism.
      Although standardization of tests will probably reduce some of this variability,
      test standardization is not expected to provide more valuable information than
      can be already predicted by the routine evaluation of chronic toxicity and
      clinical parameters. The need for studying the mechanisms involved in the
      modification of immunologic processes by exogenous and even endogenous chemicals
      is emphasized in this report.

PMID- 6821556
TI  - Augmentation of cytotoxicity by splenic cells of pregnant or human chorionic
      gonadotropin-treated normal mice.
AB  - The natural killer (NK) activity, of an allogeneic tumor system, was found to be
      enhanced by the total splenic population of either pregnant or normal female
      BALB/c mice treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The splenic
      population of the early pregnant (9-10 days) mice resulted in a statistically
      significant increase in NK activity over nonpregnant controls at all
      effector/target ratios tested. The mid (12-13 days) and the late (15-16 days)
      pregnant groups also significantly enhanced NK activity above control values at
      effector/target ratios of 100:1, 50:1 and 25:1. The i.v. administration of
      carrageenan into pregnant mice abolished the increased NK activity suggesting a
      putative role for the macrophage in this system. HCG administered to normal
      female BALB/c mice resulted in enhanced NK activity similar to that seen for the
      pregnant mice. This augmented NK activity does not appear to be effected by
      either the number or the timing of HCG administration. The augmentation of NK
      activity of HCG treated mice was also detected in a syngeneic system utilizing
      51Cr labeled M109 tumor target cells and BALB/c effector cells.

PMID- 6821557
TI  - Cytostatic effects of activated macrophages on tumor target cells: inhibition of
      cytotoxic action of ARA-C.
AB  - Studies carried out to explore further the cytotoxic effects of activated
      macrophages from mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum revealed that their
      effect on the EMT-6 line of tumor target cells was limited solely to cytostasis
      with no evidence of a cytocidal effect. In additional studies, the cytostatic
      effects of activated macrophages markedly reduced the cytotoxic effects of the
      chemotherapeutic agent cytosine arabinoside on EMT-6 target cells.

PMID- 6821558
TI  - Dose-dependent macrophage stimulation by Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) administered at a dose of either 0.1, 1 or 10
      mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) to BDF1 mice was evaluated for its influence on
      peritoneal exudate cell differentials, numbers, respiration, phagocytic activity
      and capacity and intracellular microbicidal activity. The ip administration of 1
      mg/kg of C. parvum resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in the yield of peritoneal
      exudate cells 1-5 days after injection; 0.1 mg/kg was ineffective, while 10 mg/kg
      of C. parvum manifested an increased cell yield on days 1 and 5 following
      injection. No alterations in cell differentials were noted at any dose level. A
      trend toward a dose-related alteration in the respiratory burst, phagocytic
      activity and capacity was demonstrated. The most dramatic alteration observed was
      a profound increase in intracellular microbicidal activity in macrophages
      obtained from mice administered 1 mg/kg of C. parvum. The higher dose of C.
      parvum was suppressive. It was concluded that a relationship between macrophage
      microbicidal activity and tumor cell killing exists because the 1 mg/kg, which
      elicited maximal macrophage microbicidal activity, also induced the greatest
      increase in protection against two unrelated tumor models as previously reported.

PMID- 6821559
TI  - Macrophage cytostasis and T and B cell blastogenic transformation in mice treated
      with nystatin.
AB  - Treatment of normal BALB/c mice with nystatin, an amphoteric polyene, activated
      macrophages to become tumoricidal for MBL-2 lymphoblastic leukemia target cells
      while augmenting the in vitro blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes to B
      and T cell mitogens. These responses were both shown to be highly dose dependent
      and occurred 6 days following the intraperitoneal injection of nystatin into
      normal mice. Macrophages from untreated mice did not show similar activity. The
      significance of these observations and the potential use of nystatin as a
      pharmacologic agent is discussed.

PMID- 6821561
TI  - [Allergy. I. General principles].

PMID- 6821560
TI  - In vitro effects of thymosin on T-cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The possible immunomodulatory influence of thymosin on lymphocytes from patients
      with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been evaluated. Such patients
      have decreased numbers of T-suppressor (T gamma) cells and normal numbers of T
      helper (T mu) cells, resulting in an abnormally low T gamma/T mu ratio. In vitro
      incubation of lymphocytes from active SLE patients with thymosin resulted in a
      normalization of the T gamma/T mu ratio. This occurred because of a decrease in T
      mu cells rather than an increase in T gamma cells. The normalization of T gamma/T
      mu ratios in vitro in the presence of thymosin is compatible with possible in
      vivo immunomodulatory effects of these peptides.

PMID- 6821562
TI  - [Allergy--general principles].

PMID- 6821564
TI  - Abstracts of the third annual meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society. Tokyo,
      Japan, January 26, 27, 1980.

PMID- 6821565
TI  - [Structural analysis of dental implants].

PMID- 6821566
TI  - Patient's habits: a neglected factor of denture problems.

PMID- 6821563
TI  - [Fixation of mandibular anterior teeth by direct gluing to enamel].

PMID- 6821567
TI  - Significance of cranial landmarks for the orientation of the occlusal plane.

PMID- 6821570
TI  - [Measurement of bioimpedance in body fluids during acute blood loss in an
      experiment in dogs].

PMID- 6821569
TI  - [Transfusion of a large quantity of thrombocytes collected by means a blood cell
      separator].

PMID- 6821568
TI  - [Pancreatic fistulas].

PMID- 6821571
TI  - [An epidemic of typhoid in Oran in the summer of 1978].

PMID- 6821572
TI  - [Chronic childhood hepatitis. Comparison of biopsy, clinical and serological
      findings].

PMID- 6821573
TI  - [Circulating immunocomplexes in childhood hepatitis].

PMID- 6821576
TI  - The lymph nodes. Reactions to experimental and human tumors.

PMID- 6821574
TI  - [Cases of fulminant hepatitis A in children during the 1979 epidemic].

PMID- 6821575
TI  - [100 years since the birth of Professor R. Eiselt].

PMID- 6821577
TI  - Society's valuation of life saving in radiation protection and other contexts.
AB  - Various situations are described in which societal action may be interpreted as a
      dollar value placed on averting a human fatality, and numerical values are
      derived in each case. Situations included are a variety of medical screening and
      medical care programs and of automobile and highway safety measures, food for
      overseas relief, air pollution control, fire prevention, industrial safety, and
      several radiation-related activities including standards for radium in drinking
      water, radwaste systems in nuclear plants, and defense and civilian high-level
      waste management. Values varying from a few thousand dollars to hundreds of
      millions of dollars per fatality averted are obtained. An attempt to derive data
      of this type from polling is described. The problem of discounting when money is
      spent now to save lives far in the future (as with nuclear waste) is discussed.
      It is concluded that nearly all of the vast variation in the results is
      unjustified and represents a need for educating the public, especially in the
      area of radiation protection.

PMID- 6821578
TI  - Modification of mouse immune responses against allogeneic tumor by pretreatment
      of antigen with mitomycin C or X-irradiation.
AB  - Treatment of P815 mastocytoma cells with mitomycin C or X-irradiation prior to
      their inoculation into an allogeneic host resulted in a shift in the appearance
      of the peak of the T-killer cell population from day 10 to day 6. This finding is
      discussed in relation to the caution that must be exerted in extrapolating data
      obtained in studies in vitro using one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures to in vivo
      model systems involving proliferating tumor cells as immunogens.

PMID- 6821579
TI  - Incidence of mucopolysaccharidoses in Israel: is Hunter disease a "Jewish
      disease"?
AB  - Hunter disease in Israel occurs among Ashkenazi, Oriental, and Sephardic Jews and
      is by far more frequent than Hurler disease. None of the other
      mucopolysaccharidoses has been diagnosed in Ashkenazi Jews. The possibility of
      Hunter disease being a "Jewish" disease is discussed.

PMID- 6821581
TI  - [Medico-ethical guidelines of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences].

PMID- 6821580
TI  - Mitochondrial functions in chronic spinal muscular atrophy.
AB  - We determined the respiration rate, respiratory control and ADP/O ratios, with
      different substrates in mitochondria isolated from seven patients with chronic
      spinal muscular atrophy and compared them with normal human muscle. In all cases
      studied, a severe alteration of the respiratory control with variable derangement
      of oxidative phosphorylation was found. Similar findings have been described in
      other neuromuscular disorders including the so-called "mitochondrial myopathy".
      We believe that this disturbance of mitochondrial function is non specific and
      only the hypermetabolic syndrome of Luft could be considered biochemically as a
      "mitochondrial myopathy", a disorder selectively involving mitochondria of
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6821582
TI  - The participation of sterol carrier protein2 in the conversion of cholesterol to
      cholesterol ester by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The purification of sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2), purified 1500-fold to
      homogeneity from the 303,000 x g supernatant (S303) of rat liver, has recently
      been described (Noland, B. J., Arebalo, R. E., Hansbury, E., and Scallen T. J.
      (1980) J. Biol. Chem, 255, 4282-4289). Since SCP2 is required for the synthesis
      of cholesterol by microsomal membranes, it was decided to test the hypothesis
      that SCP2 might also participate in enzymatic reactions which utilize cholesterol
      as a substrate. The reaction studied in the present investigation was the
      conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol ester (acyl-CoA cholesterol
      acyltransferase) by rat liver microsomes. The results show that when exogenously
      added [4-14C]cholesterol is the substrate, SCP2 produces a striking increase in
      cholesterol ester biosynthesis by rat liver microsomes. Although the effect of
      SCP2 was most clearly seen with exogenously added cholesterol, it was also
      demonstrated when [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA was the labeled substrate and the
      incorporation of labeled oleate into cholesterol ester was determined. Although
      it was demonstrated that microsomes could bind large amounts of cholesterol in
      the absence of SCP2, the bound cholesterol was ineffective as a substrate for
      microsomal acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase. However, the microsomally bound
      cholesterol became an effective substrate for the enzyme upon the addition of
      SCP2. The results demonstrate that SCP2 participates in the utilization of
      cholesterol via the microsomal conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol ester. We
      also conclude that SCP2 may participate in the intracellular transport of
      cholesterol, in particular, the delivery of either exogenous (dietary)
      cholesterol or endogenous cholesterol to acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase in
      the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 6821583
TI  - Hormonal effect on protein synthesis by the rabbit mammary gland at subcellular
      level in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6821584
TI  - [Ossification of the knee joint in the young horse].

PMID- 6821585
TI  - Thyroid-ovary relationship in laying hens.

PMID- 6821586
TI  - Body weight and bone mineralisation as affected by dietary vitamin A and ascorbic
      acid in pullet chicks on maize-groundnut cake ration.

PMID- 6821589
TI  - Postinjection masks for subtraction angiography with moving table tops.

PMID- 6821587
TI  - CT staging of bladder carcinoma.
AB  - CT staging was performed in 49 consecutive patients with known carcinoma of the
      bladder. The overall accuracy of CT staging in 25 patients with surgically
      confirmed disease stage was 64%. Most diagnostic errors in this series were
      related to the determination of perivesical fat involvement by tumor. The overall
      accuracy of CT in predicting lymph node metastasis was 92%. The sensitivity was
      60% and the specificity ws 100%. Because of the current management of bladder
      carcinoma, the major role of CT is in the evaluation of lymph nodes for
      metastatic disease. Since CT cannot detect metastasis to nonenlarged lymph nodes,
      it has only a limited role in the staging of bladder carcinoma at this time.

PMID- 6821588
TI  - The safety of tolazoline in renal angiography.

PMID- 6821590
TI  - Changes in the structure and function of the rumen epithelium during development.
      1. Developmental changes of Na and Cl transport across lamb rumen epithelium.

PMID- 6821591
TI  - Determination of proteolytic activity of rumen liquor with azocasein.

PMID- 6821594
TI  - [Bacteriological study on cefadroxil in vitro. Correlation between diameter of
      inhibition zone and inhibitory concentration (author's transl)].
AB  - There are only slight differences between the geometrical means of minimum
      inhibitory concentrations of (6R,7R)-7-[(R)-2-amino-2-2(p-hydroxyphenyl)
      acetamido]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
      (cefadroxil, Bidocef) and cefalexin against gram-positive and gram-negative
      bacteria freshly isolated from clinical material. Enterococci are more
      susceptible to cefadroxil. Considering the different break point, cefadroxil is
      on the whole more effective than cefalexin, in particular so against Proteus
      mirabilis, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Escherichia coli. With the aid of the
      described regression analysis a meaningful interpretation of the results of the
      cefadroxil agar diffusion test is possible.

PMID- 6821592
TI  - Clinical comparison of high-speed rare-earth screen and par-speed screen for
      diagnostic efficacy and radiation dosage.
AB  - One hundred patients underwent excretory urography and a comparison was made of
      ten-minute, well-collimated images that were obtained with both par-speed and
      rare-earth screens, the latter being 6.5 times faster than the par-speed calcium
      tungstate screens. Radiation dose was greatly reduced with the rare-earth
      screens. There were fewer inferior examinations, even though fine detail was
      imaged poorly, and there was a slightly increased quantum mottle, which was only
      a minor problem at this low 65 kVp. Since quantum mottle increases with kVp,
      however, our results are not applicable to higher kVp examinations. Despite
      reduced detail and increased mottle, the overall image quality obtained with the
      rare-earth screen was superior to the image quality obtained with the par-speed
      screen.

PMID- 6821595
TI  - Regulation of cartilage acid hydrolases by growth hormone.
AB  - The in vivo regulation of three acid hydrolases, namely cathepsin D, cathepsin B,
      and acid phosphatase, by GH was investigated. The costal cartilage cathepsin D
      and acid phosphatase activities of hypophysectomized rats were reduced relative
      to those found in normal controls. Treatment of hypophysectomized animals with GH
      enhanced rat growth rate and increased these two enzyme activities toward normal
      levels. Results of pepstatin experiments suggested that the elevated cartilage
      cathepsin D activity corresponded to an increase in enzyme concentration. A
      degree of specificity in this regulation was apparent because cartilage cathepsin
      B, unlike cathepsin D and acid phosphatase, was refractory to hypophysectomy and
      GH treatment. In contradistinction to cartilage, none of these hepatic enzymes
      responded to GH, and only cathepsin B activity was diminished by hypophysectomy.
      Centrifugational and detergent studies indicated that changes in enzyme
      activities induced by GH treatment were not due to the differential release of
      acid hydrolases from subcellular compartments. Overall, our results suggest that
      costal cartilage cathepsin D and acid phosphatase activities are GH dependent and
      may be related to cartilage growth. These observations may provide insight into
      the mechanism of GH action and, derivatively, skeletal growth.

PMID- 6821596
TI  - Oral cefadroxil in the treatment of bone and joint infections in children and
      adults.

PMID- 6821597
TI  - Scintigraphic arthrography. Comparison with contrast arthrography and future
      applications.

PMID- 6821593
TI  - [Histological findings of light and electron microscopic studies of skeletal
      muscles in healthy fattened German Landrace swine].

PMID- 6821598
TI  - [Internal carotid blood flow velocity in children with developmental disabilities
      by Doppler ultrasound method].

PMID- 6821600
TI  - [A study of developmental changes of somatosensory evoked potentials].

PMID- 6821601
TI  - [The lissencephaly (agyria) syndrome: computed tomographic and neuropathological
      findings].

PMID- 6821599
TI  - [Intracranial calcification on computerized tomography in childhood:
      classification and its clinical value].

PMID- 6821602
TI  - [Menkes' kinky hair disease: report of a case].

PMID- 6821603
TI  - [An autopsy case of fatal neonatal nemaline myopathy].

PMID- 6821604
TI  - [Huge occipital dermoid cyst].

PMID- 6821605
TI  - [A case of Joubert syndrome. CT findings of brainstem and review of literature].

PMID- 6821606
TI  - Cardiac sequelae of acute head injury.

PMID- 6821607
TI  - "Torsade de pointes" tachycardia. Re-entry or focal activity.

PMID- 6821609
TI  - Assessment of rheumatic mitral valve disease. Value of echocardiography in
      patients clinically suspected of predominant stenosis.
AB  - The value of echocardiography as compared with cardiac catheterisation was
      evaluated prospectively in 33 consecutive patients clinically suspected of
      predominant mitral stenosis. Patients with clinical signs of accompanying mitral
      regurgitation, no matter how severe, and patients with clinical findings
      indicating insignificant aortic valve disease were included. Critical mitral
      stenosis was defined by a valve area of less than or equal to 1 cm2. Severe
      mitral regurgitation was diagnosed by echocardiography on the basis of left
      ventricular dilatation (more than 3.2 cm/m2 at end-diastole) if not explained
      otherwise. Significant aortic valve disease was suspected in cases with aortic
      valve deformity and left ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy as defined by
      echocardiography. Mitral valve area by echocardiography correlated well with
      mitral valve area calculated from catheterisation data and a good interobserver
      correlation was found for echocardiographic measurement. Mitral stenosis,
      critical or non-critical, may mask significant coexistent valve lesions;
      echocardiography failed to discover severe mitral regurgitation requiring valve
      replacement in two patients with non-critical stenosis, and significant aortic
      regurgitation needing valve replacement was underestimated in one patient with
      critical mitral stenosis. A correct echocardiographic classification with respect
      to surgery, however, was obtained in: (1) all patients with clinically pure
      mitral stenosis (nine patients), and (2) all patients with combined mitral
      stenosis and regurgitation when either critical stenosis or severe regurgitation
      was found at echocardiography (12 patients). It thus appears that two out of
      three patients with mitral valve disease in whom the clinical findings indicate
      predominant stenosis can be correctly evaluated with the echocardiogram.

PMID- 6821608
TI  - Ambulatory monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure. A preliminary clinical
      evaluation.
AB  - Traditional measurement and recording methods are inadequate for continuous
      monitoring of ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure. Therefore a new miniaturised
      solid state system has been developed and assessed. A manometer tipped catheter,
      inserted via a subclavian or cephalic vein, was used together with an isolated
      amplifier and peak detectors to determine systolic and diastolic pressures.
      Pressures were averaged over 30 seconds and stored in digital memory. After a 24
      hour recording period data were rapidly transferred to a microcomputer for
      numerical or graphical display. Thirteen patients had continuous ambulatory
      monitoring performed for between 24 and 96 hours, in seven to evaluate symptoms
      of dyspnoea in subjects with valvular or coronary disease (group 1), and in six
      to achieve optimal oral treatment for left heart failure (group 2). The catheter
      was calibrated before insertion and was rechecked after removal. There was less
      than 1% zero level drift and similar gain stability. Systolic pressures ranged
      from 10 to 97 (mean 39.5) mmHg, and diastolic from 1 to 46 (mean 15.3) mmHg. Four
      patients in group 1 had symptoms of dyspnoea associated with normal pressures,
      while three had raised pressures. Four of the six patients monitored in group 2
      had major alterations in their treatment based on data obtained during
      monitoring. There were no complications. This system, which allows safe,
      reliable, and prolonged recording of ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure,
      represents a considerable advance in the ability to assess the cause of dyspnoea
      and to manage left heart failure.

PMID- 6821610
TI  - Comparison of internal diameter of great arteries in congenital heart disease. A
      cross-sectional echocardiographic study.
AB  - Cross-sectional echocardiographic studies were used to measure and compare the
      internal diameter of both aortic root and pulmonary artery in 104 patients with
      normally related great arteries. Six groups of patients were assessed: normal,
      with an intracardiac shunt, with tetralogy of Fallot, with pulmonary stenosis,
      with aortic stenosis, and with atresia of the right atrioventricular valve
      orifice. In addition, a postmortem study was carried out in normal heart
      specimens and in specimens with an atrioventricular septal defect. It appeared
      that the echocardiographically studied ratio between the aortic and pulmonary
      artery diameter varied considerably. In normal subjects the pulmonary artery
      diameter tends to be slightly larger than the aortic root diameter: this
      observation was confirmed by the postmortem data. In other instances the
      pulmonary artery diameter appeared to be smaller than the aortic root diameter,
      for example patients with tetralogy of Fallot and those with tricuspid atresia,
      whereas the reverse was noted in patients with an intracardiac shunt. This two
      dimensional study has shown that functional adaptations of the calibre of the
      great arteries can be measured and identified in patients with congenital heart
      disease.

PMID- 6821611
TI  - Mitral valve lesion associated with secundum atrial septal defect. Analysis by
      real time two dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Mitral valve lesions accompanying secundum atrial septal defect were examined in
      120 successive patients from May 1978 to December 1980 using real time two
      dimensional echocardiography. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The
      characteristic feature of the mitral lesion accompanying secundum atrial septal
      defect is a dislocation of the mitral leaflet toward the left atrial side in the
      area of coaptation. (2) The mitral lesion is seen in about half the patients with
      secundum atrial septal defect. (3) It is usually seen only in the anterior
      leaflet, and is found near the posteromedial commissure. Lesions in other sites
      on the leaflet all accompany those near the posteromedial commissure. (4) The
      incidence, extent, and degree of the mitral valve lesion increase with age. (5)
      It is assumed that the mitral valve lesion in secundum atrial septal defect
      starts near the posteromedial commissure in the anterior leaflet, gradually
      deteriorates, and extends toward the anterolateral commissure. (6) It is probable
      that the mitral lesion results in mitral regurgitation. (7) The mitral valve
      lesion is similar in appearance to mitral valve prolapse caused by the floppy
      mitral valve, though their causative factors may be different. It is probably the
      reason why the mitral valve abnormality has been described as mitral valve
      prolapse in previous reports. In the present study the mitral lesion was
      evaluated on the distance of the dislocation between both leaflets at the area of
      coaptation. These criteria proved useful. Because of the similarity in
      appearance, it may be helpful in the assessment of primary mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6821612
TI  - Double mitral valve orifice in atrioventricular defects.
AB  - Eleven patients with double mitral valve orifice and atrioventricular defects
      were studied, and the diagnosis proven by open heart surgery. The correct
      preoperative diagnosis was suggested by a characteristic angiographic appearance
      of the medial border of the left ventricle. M-mode echocardiography may show the
      two orifices which are better seen on two dimensional echocardiography. Two
      operative deaths occurred in patients with a slightly obstructive valve, and one
      late death followed mitral valve replacement. Eight patients did well after minor
      repair to a cleft, or leaving the valve untouched. Occasionally a double mitral
      orifice, if disorganised and slightly stenotic, may cause early deterioration in
      a patient with an otherwise uncomplicated ostium primum defect. The surgeon
      should be forewarned of this mitral anomaly since simple repair may be difficult.

PMID- 6821613
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous amrinone in patients with impaired left
      ventricular function.
AB  - The effects of intravenous amrinone on resting haemodynamic function were
      investigated in 15 patients with impaired left ventricular function. All patients
      received 1 X 5 mg/kg and 10 received a further 2 mg/kg. We observed dose related
      increases in heart rate and cardiac index, and reductions in mean arterial
      pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and systemic vascular
      resistance. A small reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a 36%
      increase in ejection fraction occurred. No significant change in max dp/dt, min
      dp/dt, (Max dp/dt/P), max (dp/dt/P), KVmax or the ratio of left ventricular end
      systolic pressure to left ventricular end-systolic volume was detected. It is
      concluded that the beneficial effects of intravenous amrinone on the resting
      haemodynamics in our patients were attributable to vasodilatation, with the drug
      having no demonstrable positive inotropic effect.

PMID- 6821614
TI  - Factors influencing R wave amplitude in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - R wave amplitude changes during exercise have been ascribed to alteration in left
      ventricular volume and their measurement advocated for the improved diagnosis of
      coronary disease. The reproducibility of exercise QRS changes and their relation
      to ST segment depression, respiratory pattern, and left ventricular volume during
      ischaemia were studied in 10 patients with angina and coronary disease. QRS
      amplitude was measured in a 16 lead precordial map during three identical
      exercise tests in each patient and left ventricular volume assessed continuously
      using gated blood pool imaging with a single scintillation probe during
      manoeuvres to provoke ischaemia. During exercise, QRS amplitude increased or
      remained unchanged in four patients and fell in six patients in a consistent
      manner for each patient. R wave amplitude was not affected by changes in
      respiratory pattern. R wave amplitude did not alter in 33 of 39 episodes of left
      ventricular volume increase (mean 32%) or decrease (mean 36%) in end-diastolic
      counts. These findings suggest that precordial R wave changes during ischaemia
      are not determined primarily by alteration in left ventricular volume or the
      respiratory pattern. Though reproducible in each patient and following a definite
      relation to ST segment depression, the variable directional response during
      exercise suggest that R wave amplitude changes have little diagnostic value.

PMID- 6821615
TI  - Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging.
AB  - Nine patients with stable angina (group 1) underwent maximal treadmill stress
      testing and thallium-201 (201T1) myocardial scintigraphy after intravenous
      propranolol hydrochloride, and after placebo. Though seven of the nine patients
      exercised longer after propranolol than after placebo, this difference did not
      reach statistical significance. Propranolol, however, significantly reduced the
      mean maximum rate pressure product. Comparison of the perfusion scans on and off
      propranolol showed that in 36 out of 90 of the myocardial segments recorded (nine
      patients, five segments scanned twice per patient), only one of the scans showed
      a defect. In 24 out of 36 of these the propranolol scan was negative, the defect
      appearing in the placebo scan. Defects present on both scans but differing
      significantly in size occurred in 22 out of 54 view pairs (nine patients, three
      views after exercise and three views after redistribution on propranolol and on
      placebo), and in 19 of these the smaller defect was seen in the propranolol scan.
      In one of the nine patients, the propranolol scan was normal (false negative),
      whereas defects corresponding to angiographically proven coronary artery lesions
      were seen on the placebo scan. Six patients (group 2) were maximally exercised
      after propranolol and then re-exercised to the same rate pressure product on
      placebo. Again 16 out of 60 of the segment pairs disagreed and in 10 of these the
      unmatched defect was present on the placebo scan. In 10 out of 14 discrepant view
      pairs, the smaller defect occurred on the propranolol scan. Thus in patients
      taking propranolol, negative results do not exclude coronary artery disease, and
      perfusion defects (if present) though accurately reflecting the presence of
      disease may underestimate its true extent.

PMID- 6821616
TI  - Effect of intravenous adrenaline on electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and serum
      potassium.
AB  - Increased catecholamines after myocardial infarction may contribute to the
      development of arrhythmias. We have infused adrenaline intravenously in nine
      normal volunteers to levels similar to those seen after myocardial infarction.
      Adrenaline caused an increase in systolic blood pressure, a decrease in diastolic
      blood pressure, and an increase in heart rate. Adrenaline also produced a
      decrease in T wave amplitude and an increase in the QTc interval. The serum
      potassium fell dramatically during the adrenaline infusion from a control value
      of 4.06 mmol/l to 3.22 mmol/l. Hypokalaemia after myocardial infarction is
      associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Thus,
      circulating adrenaline may increase the frequency of arrhythmias both directly
      via changes in ventricular repolarisation and indirectly via adrenaline induced
      hypokalaemia.

PMID- 6821617
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of mitral valve aneurysm in patient with infective
      endocarditis.

PMID- 6821618
TI  - Specific serological markers in the diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure
      associated with halothane anaesthesia.
AB  - The aetiology of massive liver-cell necrosis which developed in 16 patients
      following halothane anaesthesia was investigated by means of new serological
      techniques. In eight patients a specific halothane-related antibody was found,
      indicating that these patients were sensitized to halothane-altered liver-cell
      membrane components. In four patients, hepatitis A viral infection was
      responsible and among the remainder one was receiving anti-tuberculous drugs and
      one had received a blood transfusion, thus raising the possibility of a non-A non
      B viral infection. There were no biochemical or histological differences between
      patients in the three groups.

PMID- 6821620
TI  - Inspired oxygen and oxygen transfer during artificial ventilation for respiratory
      failure.
AB  - Arterial oxygenation was measured in patients being ventilated artificially for
      respiratory failure, initially at the FIO2 that had been selected clinically to
      achieve PaO2 at least normal, and then at each of two or three progressively
      increased FIO2 values up to about 0.9. Impairment of oxygen transfer was assessed
      by the difference between calculated pulmonary end-capillary and arterial oxygen
      content (Cc'O2-CaO2). Reasons are presented to support the assumption that this
      value indicates the degree of venous admixture. In patients with severely
      impaired gas exchange ((Cc'O2-CaO2) greater than 1 ml dl-1), the first increase
      in inspired oxygen decreased the impairment: less severely impaired lungs showed
      no change. The observations are consistent with the ventilation/perfusion
      mismatch hypothesis and do not show that increased oxygen impairs pulmonary
      oxygenating efficiency.

PMID- 6821619
TI  - Plasma concentration of pyridostigmine during the antagonism of neuromuscular
      block.
AB  - The plasma concentrations of pyridostigmine were measured in eight patients
      during the antagonism of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade. After the
      injection i.v. of pyridostigmine bromide 14.6 mg/70 kg, the concentration of the
      drug rapidly decreased between 2 and 7 min, and then declined more slowly. After
      2 h, significant amounts of pyridostigmine were still present in the plasma of
      all subjects. In the eight patients studied, the initial half-life was 1.0 +/-
      0.3 min and the terminal half-life was 46.4 +/- 6.5 min (mean +/- SEM). Total
      body clearance of pyridostigmine was 8.7 +/- 1.5 ml min-1 kg-1, and the total
      apparent volume of distribution was 536 +/- 80 ml kg-1. Possible explanations for
      the differences between these results and previous studies are considered.

PMID- 6821622
TI  - Fat emulsion as a vehicle for diazepam. A study of 9492 patients.
AB  - Conventional preparations of diazepam for i.v. use contain solvents which cause
      pain on injection and thrombophlebitis in a high percentage of cases. However,
      diazepam can be dissolved with advantage in the oleaginous phase of an oil-in
      water emulsion (Diazemuls). Diazemuls has been given to 9492 patients without
      serious side-effects. Following i.v. injection, 2435 patients were studied with
      respect to pain and clinical effect. Only 0.4% experienced pain. The intended
      clinical effect was recorded in 99% of the patients. I.m. injection of Diazemuls
      resulted in a significantly smaller frequency of pain in connection with the
      injection than did the injection of Valium (7% and 43% respectively).
      Pharmacokinetic studies have been made after i.v. and i.m. injection of Diazemuls
      and Valium. The distribution and elimination phases after i.v. injection were the
      same with both forms. Thus the drug probably quickly separates from the oil
      particles of the emulsion after injection. After i.m. administration, the plasma
      concentration shows a wide spread with both preparations. A brief survey of other
      substances tested in emulsion form is presented.

PMID- 6821623
TI  - Failure to induce malignant hyperthermia in myotonic goats.
AB  - Six goats with myotonia congenita were exposed for 1 h to 1% halothane and a
      single injection of suxamethonium i.v. in an attempt to induce malignant
      hyperthermia. No evidence of malignant hyperthermia occurred. Suxamethonium did
      produce a myotonic response in each goat, lasting 10-20s, which was accompanied
      by a transient increase in aerobic metabolism as indicated by a decrease in PvO2
      from 6.6 to 5.7 kPa, an increase in PaCO2 from 5.1 to 6.1 kPa and an increase in
      PVCO2 from 5.5 to 6.3 kPa. There was no evidence of any metabolic acidosis since
      the transient changes in pH and buffer base were consistent with the increase in
      carbon dioxide tension. It is concluded that in goats myotonia congenita does not
      predispose to susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6821621
TI  - Thiopentone sensitivity in young and elderly women.
AB  - Induction and maintenance doses of thiopentone were smaller in eight elderly
      women than in eight younger women. Mean venous anaesthetic concentrations were
      34% less (P = 0.02) in the elderly. For each patient an "expected maintenance
      dose" was calculated from serum clearance and the area under the curve during the
      anaesthesia. In the elderly the average expected dose was equal to the dose
      given, but in the younger patients the dose given was greater than the expected
      (P less than 0.02). In younger women, but not in the elderly, a high cardiac
      output was accompanied by the need for a relatively high maintenance dose if a
      certain serum concentration was to be maintained. Cardiac output was equally
      reduced in both patient groups (30-40%). After induction the heart rate was
      reduced in the elderly during the entire period of anaesthesia and always more
      than in the younger. No correlation was found between serum concentration of
      thiopentone and haemodynamic effects.

PMID- 6821625
TI  - A new interpretation of the origin of extradural space negative pressure.
AB  - The negative pressure in the extradural space is the result of the interaction of
      hydrostatic forces created between the vertebral canal (a stiff-walled cylinder)
      and the dura mater, with its content of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), which behaves
      as a cylinder that can collapse according to the position of the subject. In
      order to corroborate this hypothesis, we have designed a model formed by a
      sealed, water-filled, glass cylinder ("vertebral canal"). In the interior there
      is a collapsible, non-distendible, water-filled cylinder ("dural sac"), in free
      communication with a reservoir which represents the CSF contained in the cranial
      cavity. Changes in the position of the model produce subatmospheric pressure in
      the space between both cylinders ("extradural space"), as happens in man.

PMID- 6821624
TI  - Effects of low intermittent concentrations of nitrous oxide on the developing rat
      fetus.
AB  - Five groups of 12 gravid female rats were exposed, during their entire gestation,
      intermittently for 6 h a day, 5 days per week, to 0.5% (5000 p.p.m.), 0.1% (1000
      p.p.m.), 0.05% (500 p.p.m.) and 0.025% (250 p.p.m.) nitrous oxide-air mixtures
      (v/v), respectively. After killing the gravid rats on the 19th day of their
      pregnancies the numbers of corpora lutea of pregnancy were counted. Each uterus
      was examined for placentation sites and embryonic remnants and a detailed
      examination of the fetuses was undertaken. A significant reduction in mean litter
      size occurred only in the group exposed to 0.5% nitrous oxide in air (v/v). The
      mean litter sizes of the control and other exposed groups were comparable. No
      signs of fetal resorption or skeletal malformation were found in any group. The
      threshold of pollution for reduction in litter size has been shown in this study
      to lie between 0.1% and 0.5% nitrous oxide in air (v/v). A previous study on
      continuous exposure reported the threshold pollution to lie between 0.05% and
      0.1% nitrous oxide in air (v/v). This investigation confirms that intermittent
      exposure to nitrous oxide-air mixtures increases the threshold for reproductive
      effects in rats.

PMID- 6821626
TI  - Accidental dural puncture: immediate or delayed blood patch.

PMID- 6821627
TI  - Serum dopamine beta hydroxylase in children with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity has been reported to be raised in
      some patients with neuoblastoma but this has been challenged. We have studied
      serum DBH levels on 26 children with neuroblastoma and 58 age-matched controls.
      Only in 2 patients were the levels higher than in the controls, and then only
      transiently. In both, the rise in DBH levels could be accounted for by the
      transfusion of adult blood. Serum DBH levels in children with neuroblastoma were
      unrelated to the response of this neoplasm to treatment or to urinary
      catecholamine output and thus are unlikely to have any value in diagnosis or as a
      marker of tumour activity.

PMID- 6821628
TI  - Divergence between the occurrence of antibody and cellular immune reactivity to
      cervical carcinoma cell lines in preinvasive and macroinvasive stages of cervical
      carcinoma.
AB  - A lymphocyte stimulation assay is described which detects immune reactivity to
      antigens derived from the CaSki cervical carcinoma cell line. Taking a
      stimulation index of greater than 4.1 as positive, the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of 14/20 patients (70%) with untreated dysplasia or carcinoma-in
      situ, 8/19 patients (42%) with untreated macroinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of
      the uterine cervix and 8/38 controls (21%) showed positive reactions. Statistical
      analysis revealed a significant difference between the group of patients with
      dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ and the controls. The sera of patients and
      controls were simultaneously tested for the presence of tumour-directed antibody.
      There was no correlation between the occurrence of cellular immune reactivity and
      of serum antibody, both directed to cervical carcinoma antigens. Cellular immune
      reactivity tended to occur more frequently in patients with preinvasive stages of
      cervical carcinoma, and serum antibody in patients with macroinvasive carcinoma.

PMID- 6821629
TI  - Isophosphoramide mustard, a metabolite of ifosfamide with activity against murine
      tumours comparable to cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Isophosphoramide mustard was synthesized and was found to demonstrate activity
      essentially comparable to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide against L1210 and P388
      leukaemia. Lewis lung carcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma 16/C, ovarian sarcoma
      M5076, and colon tumour 6A, in mice and Yoshida ascitic sarcoma in rats. At doses
      less than, or equivalent to, the LD10, isophosphoramide mustard retained high
      activity against cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 and P388 leukaemias, but was
      less active against intracerebrally-implanted P388 leukaemia while
      cyclophosphamide produced a 4 log10 tumour cell reduction. It was also less
      active (one log10 lower cell kill) than cyclophosphamide against the B16
      melonoma. Metabolism studies on ifosfamide in mice identified isophosphoramide
      mustard in blood. In addition, unchanged drug, carboxyifosfamide, 4
      ketoifosfamide, dechloroethyl cyclophosphamide, dechloroethylifosfamide, and
      alcoifosfamide were identified. The latter 4 metabolites were also identified in
      urine from an ifosfamide-treated dog. In a simulated in vitro pharmacokinetic
      experiment against L1210 leukaemia in which drugs were incubated at various
      concentrations for various times, both 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and
      isophosphoramide mustard exhibited significant cytoxicity at concentration times
      time values of 100-1000 micrograms X min ml-1, while acrolein was significantly
      cytotoxic at 10 micrograms X min ml-1. Treatment of mice with drug followed by
      L1210 cells demonstrated a shorter duration of effective levels of cytotoxic
      activity for isophosphoramide mustard and phosphoramide mustard in comparison
      with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Isophosphoramide mustard and 2
      chloroethylamine, a potential hydrolysis product of isophosphoramide mustard and
      carboxyifosfamide, were less mutagenic in the standard Ames test than the 2
      corresponding metabolites of cyclophosphamide [phosphoramide mustard and bis(2
      chloroethyl)amine].

PMID- 6821630
TI  - Ectosialyltransferase activity: a marker for certain human haematopoietic cells.

PMID- 6821631
TI  - Identification of PEG-precipitable serum factor associated with malignant
      lymphoma as C-reactive protein.

PMID- 6821632
TI  - Localisation and toxicity study of a vindesine-anti-CEA conjugate in patients
      with advanced cancer.
AB  - Safety of administration of a vindesine (VDS)-anti-CEA conjugate and its ability
      to localise after radiolabelling were investigated in patients with advanced
      metastatic carcinoma (4 colorectal and 4 ovarian). For imaging, patients received
      between 230 and 520 micrograms of 131I labelled antibody. In 5, localisation of
      conjugate was demonstrated, in another it was equivocal and in 2 patients,
      undetectable. For assessment of safety each patient also received a single dose
      of conjugate increasing from 1.2 to 42 mg antibody linked to 24 to 1800
      micrograms VDS. The in vitro activity of the anti-CEA antibody and its ability to
      localise in vivo were preserved after conjugation. There was no obvious toxicity
      or hypersensitivity attributable to either the radiolocalisation or escalated
      doses of conjugate in any of the patients. The feasibility of the preparation and
      administration to patients of a vindesine-antibody conjugate has been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6821633
TI  - Enhancement of thermal killing by polyamines V. The response of EMT6
      multicellular tumour spheroids versus monolayer cells.
AB  - Polyamines, especially spermine, are very effective in enhancing thermal killing
      of mammalian cells cultured as a monolayer. The response of EMT6 multicellular
      tumour spheroids to heat in the presence of spermine was studied using cell
      survival and growth delay as endpoints. Compared to cells in a monolayer,
      spheroids were found to be highly resistant to combined heat and spermine. In
      spite of this, considerable enhancement of thermal killing by spermine was
      observed when the combined treatment was prolonged for a few hours. These
      results, together with data obtained using labelled spermine, suggest that
      difficulties in penetration of spermine into the inner cells of the spheroids
      contribute to the resistance of the latter. A method of circumventing this
      difficulty is discussed.

PMID- 6821634
TI  - Inhibition of artificial and spontaneous lung metastases by preirradiation of
      abdomen--II. Target organ and mechanism.
AB  - We have previously reported that irradiation of the abdomen of mice before i.v.
      injection of both immunogenic and nonimmunogenic tumour cells is capable of
      suppressing their ability to form metastatic lung nodules in a time and dose
      dependent fashion. Experiments with segmental exposure indicated the target organ
      to be located in the ventral half of the abdomen. The effect has now been shown
      positively to depend upon irradiation of the caecum, and can be abolished either
      by shielding the caecum from irradiation or by surgically removing it prior to
      irradiation. Further experiments have shown that the effect cannot be elicited in
      germ-free mice and that its magnitude is markedly reduced in animals given gut
      sterilizing antibiotics. Split-dose irradiation only slightly reduced the
      magnitude of suppression, provided both doses were given within the time window
      of effectiveness of single doses. Tumour-growth retardation was observed and
      spontaneous lung metastases were also suppressed when tumour-bearing mice
      received abdominal irradiation 7 days after tumour cell transplantation into the
      leg. However, abdominal irradiation did not significantly reduce subsequent
      tumour transplantability by the s.c. or i.p. routes. The experimental data are
      consistent with a mechanism by which transmigration of enteric bacteria across
      the radiation-damaged mucous membrane of the caecum effectively results in an
      endogenous infusion of endotoxin.

PMID- 6821635
TI  - Prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the importance of symptomatic stage
      as an adjunct to the Kiel histopathological classification.
AB  - A prospective study of prognostic factors for patients with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma was carried out based on the Kiel histopathological classification.
      Other presentation features assessed for prognostic value included clinical
      features, haematological and biochemical findings, and immunochemical findings.
      The most powerful factors that emerged were the presence or absence of systemic
      symptoms and the histopathological grade of malignancy of the lymphoma (whether
      low or high grade). These 2 factors were largely independent. Clinical Stage I
      disease also carried a good prognosis, but beyond this, staging gave little
      further prognostic information. Nine of the group of 15 patients with Stage I
      high grade lymphoma have achieved prolonged disease-free survival after local
      therapy only. After allowing for histopathology and symptom assessment in
      patients with Stage II-IV disease, other factors, with the exception of C
      reactive protein levels, were of minor importance.

PMID- 6821636
TI  - The analysis of the ultraviolet radiation doses required to produce erythemal
      responses in normal skin.
AB  - When the abnormality of a skin response to sunlight is expressed in terms of a
      decreased minimum erythemal dose (MED) on photo-testing, it is essential to know
      the range of response in normal skin. In any homogeneous population, the
      statistical distribution of the MED is skewed and is not Gaussian (normal), but a
      Gaussian distribution can be fitted to the logarithm of the MED. Using
      established methods of probit analysis, such 'lognormal' distributions have been
      fitted to the observed proportions of erythemal responses to a series of test
      exposure doses of UV radiation (250-365 nm), thus providing estimates of the
      average log MED for normal skin, the standard deviations of the distributions and
      associated confidence limits. These estimates, in arithmetical terms, are
      available for quantitative comparison with the results of other test exposures on
      skin which may be abnormal.

PMID- 6821637
TI  - The level of phospholipase A2 activity is raised in the uninvolved epidermis of
      psoriasis.

PMID- 6821638
TI  - Proceedings of the 225th Meeting of the Netherlands Society for Dermatology and
      Venereology, Groningen, 8 May 1982. Abstracts.

PMID- 6821639
TI  - The transmission of optical radiation through human nails.
AB  - The transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength range 300-600 nm through
      thirteen human toenails obtained at autopsy was examined. The total transmitted
      radiation at fifteen different wavelengths was measured using an irradiation
      monochromator in conjunction with an integrating sphere and photodiode. A
      correction was included for fluorescence radiation from the nails. The nails
      exhibited decreasing transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength region
      600-300 nm. These findings may be helpful in the understanding of photo
      onycholytic reactions and in the design of suitable regimens for the treatment of
      psoriatic nail changes.

PMID- 6821640
TI  - Scalp surface lipid.

PMID- 6821641
TI  - Annular vasculitis in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6821642
TI  - The influence of treatment on fibrin microclot generation in psoriasis.
AB  - The in vitro formation of fibrin microclots in blood from patients with psoriasis
      was studied before, during and after treatment. When a bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide was added to the blood, the microclot test was positive in 0%
      of controls, in 17% of the patients with untreated slight psoriasis and in 100%
      of those with severe psoriasis. A positive test without added lipopolysaccharide
      indicates the presence of circulating endotoxins. It was negative in all patients
      with slight psoriasis but positive in 75% of those with a severe form. During
      treatment the microclots decreased concurrently with clinical improvement in 79%
      of the patients. After treatment, eleven patients still had a positive test and
      nine of these patients showed a relapse within 1-2 months. Warfarin treatment
      rapidly inhibited microclot formation but this had little or no effect on the
      psoriatic lesions. High doses of potent corticosteroids under occlusion inhibited
      microclot formation for some hours. It seems likely that there may be a release
      of endotoxins in severe psoriasis which is decreased during successful treatment.

PMID- 6821643
TI  - Effects of methotrexate in vitro on epidermal cell proliferation.
AB  - Epidermal cell migration activity and epidermal cell proliferation are clearly
      dissociable in explant culture. Epidermal cell migration requires a non
      dialysable, 65,000 mol. wt factor which is destroyed at 100 degrees C but is
      stable at 80 degrees C for at least 30 min. In the presence of dialysed serum or
      heated (80 degrees C for 30 min) or DNA synthesis inhibitors (methotrexate or
      hydroxyurea), cells will migrate from the explant but will not proliferate. At
      least two factors are required for normal proliferation under these restricted
      conditions--an adequate supply of DNA precursers, i.e. nucleosides, and a heat
      liable (80 degrees C) non-dialysable serum component. Methotrexate in
      concentrations of 1.0 microgram/ml or greater added to cultures in normal fetal
      calf serum significantly inhibited mitoses; however, when added to serum dialysed
      to remove thymidine, mitotic inhibition occurred at a concentration of 0.1
      microgram/ml of methotrexate and when added to dialysed serum and kept in
      dialysed serum, inhibition occurred with 0.01 microgram/ml of methotrexate.
      Methotrexate did not inhibit outgrowth. Hydroxyurea also inhibited mitoses but
      did not effect outgrowth.

PMID- 6821644
TI  - Effects of short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) on delayed hypersensitivity in
      the guinea-pig.
AB  - Guinea-pigs, previously sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), were exposed
      to varying doses of UV-C radiation (254 nm) on one of the flanks for a period of
      15 days. They were then patch-tested with DNCB immediately after UV treatment.
      The responses to DNCB were diminished both in the irradiated and non-irradiated
      skin compared with control animals which had not received UV-C radiation. This
      effect was dose dependent and could only be demonstrated for a limited period of
      time. Guinea-pig exposed to UV-C radiation did not show a decreased response to
      sodium lauryl sulphate, which is a potent irritant. The influence of UV-C on
      delayed hypersensitivity therefore seems to be an immunological effect.

PMID- 6821645
TI  - Extensive pityriasis alba: a histological histochemical and ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - Nine patients with extensive pityriasis alba were studied using histopathological
      and histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. There was a reduction in
      the density of functional melanocytes in the affected areas without any change in
      their cytoplasmic activity. The melanosomes tended to be fewer and smaller, but
      their distribution pattern in the keratinocytes was normal. Melanosomal transfer
      to keratinocytes was generally not disturbed. The histology was non-specific.
      Hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis were not consistently present, and it seems
      unlikely that they played a significant role in the pathogenesis of the
      hypomelanosis. A variable degree of intercellular oedema and intracytoplasmic
      lipid droplets were present. The hypopigmentation may thus be due primarily to
      the reduced numbers of active melanocytes and a decrease in number and size of
      melanosomes in the affected skin.

PMID- 6821647
TI  - Colchicine in the treatment of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's
      syndrome).

PMID- 6821646
TI  - Pharmacokinetic observations on dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of dapsone (DDS) and monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) following an
      oral dose of 150 mg DDS were studied in sixteen patients with dermatitis
      herpetiformis and seven normal subjects. No differences in DDS disposition were
      observed between the two groups. The maintenance dose of DDS for individual
      patients was not significantly correlated with jejunal biopsy morphology, DDS or
      MADDS half-lives, or the area under the plasma concentration-time curves for DDS
      or MADDS. DDS plasma protein binding was normal in patients and did not
      apparently determine the concentration of DDS in skin biopsies, for which the
      skin/plasma DDS concentration ratio was approximately unity. There was no undue
      representation of acetylator phenotype in the patient group and no correlation
      between maintenance dose and MADDS/DDS ratio was noted. The determinants of the
      maintenance DDS dose have not been found. This may relate to pharmacodynamic
      differences, but alternatively the concentration of oxidative metabolites rather
      than DDS or MADDS could be responsible for the therapeutic activity in dermatitis
      herpetiformis.

PMID- 6821648
TI  - Studies on the haemopoietic toxicity of nitrous oxide in man.
AB  - Nitrous oxide inactivates vitamin B12 and in man can produce a megaloblastic
      anaemia. Haematological and biochemical changes were studied in nine surgical
      patients ventilated with 70% N2O for up to 24 h and in three control patients.
      There was a rise in the numbers of hypersegmented neutrophils in peripheral blood
      following N2O. Serial bone marrow aspirates showed gross megaloblastic change
      after 24 h of N2O which had reverted to normoblastic but dyserythropoietic
      haemopoiesis by 1 week. Giant forms of early myeloid precursors were also seen
      after 24 h ventilation with N2O but by 1 week abnormalities were evident in more
      mature cells, metamyelocytes and segmented neutrophils. Megaloblastosis was
      associated with abnormal dU suppression which showed a correction pattern similar
      to that seen in vitamin B12 deficiency. Administration of N2O was also associated
      with a progressive rise in serum folate and fall in serum methionine levels. No
      similar patterns were seen in the three control patients.

PMID- 6821649
TI  - Globin chain synthesis ratios in sideroblastic anaemia.
AB  - Globin synthesis ratios were measured on reticulocytes from nine patients with
      primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia (SA), four patients with hereditary or
      congenital SA, two patients with secondary acquired SA and three patients with
      iron deficiency (ID). Ten of the samples from patients with SA and all the
      samples from patients with ID had normal ratios. Samples from three patients had
      significantly abnormal ratios, one from a patient with SA and acquired Hb H
      disease (alpha/beta 0 X 26), one from a patient with secondary acquired SA
      (alpha/beta 0 X 88), and one from a patient who went on to develop acute
      myeloblastic leukaemia (alpha/beta 1 X 36). Globin synthesis was stimulated by
      100 microM haem similarly in normal, SA and ID reticulocytes. Any limitation of
      globin synthesis in SA and ID is therefore not easily reversible by adding haem.
      Inhibition of haem synthesis in nonsideroblastic reticulocytes using 4 mM
      isonicotinic acid hydrazide for 1 h incubation affected neither total globin
      synthesis nor the alpha/beta ratio. These results contradict the view that
      decreased haem synthesis decreases globin chain synthesis and decreases the
      alpha/beta globin chain synthesis ratios in human reticulocytes. Previously
      reported findings that haem could reverse globin chain synthesis inhibition in SA
      were good evidence for a primary deficiency of haem synthesis in the
      erythroblasts of these patients. Our inability to substantiate these findings
      emphasizes the need for a re-evaluation of the aetiology of sideroblastic
      anaemia.

PMID- 6821650
TI  - Erythrocyte ferritin in normal subjects and patients with abnormal iron
      metabolism.

PMID- 6821651
TI  - Studies on the partition of transferrin-donated iron in rabbit reticulocytes. II.
      Distribution and kinetics of non-haem iron in cytosol.
AB  - Reticulocytes with high cytosolic non-haem radioiron content were prepared by
      adding metabolic inhibitors. The cells were then reincubated without the
      inhibitors for various periods of time. Cytosol was prepared from the labelled
      cells and fractionated on a Sephadex G-100 column on which four main non-haem
      radioiron containing peaks could be distinguished. During reincubation the 59Fe
      content of these cytosol fractions changed in different ways. The high molecular
      weight fraction showed little metabolic activity, indicating that this fraction
      is not utilized for haem synthesis when iron is in excess in the cytosol. The
      second non-haem radioiron containing peak eluted with the haemoglobin moiety. It
      was clearly distinct from transferrin and could be separated from haemoglobin.
      This non-haem iron binding substance proved to be rather stable: 1 mM EDTA could
      not remove a significant amount of iron from it. During reincubation its
      radioiron content decreased almost linearly with time. Two further peaks eluted
      in the low molecular weight region. Their kinetics during reincubation suggest
      that these peaks represent those non-haem iron components of the cytosol which
      can reversibly move from the cytosol into the stroma compartment.

PMID- 6821654
TI  - Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in heterozygous glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficient females.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, D-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP
      oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.49) activity and the percentage of G6PD deficient
      erythrocytes was determined in 50 girls heterozygous for G6PD deficiency, 25 of
      whom had had hyperbilirubinaemia at birth and 25 who had normal bilirubin levels.
      The enzymatic activity was 2.32 +/- 0.87 I.U./g Hb in the first group and 3.31 +/
      0.92 I.U./g Hb in the second group. The percentage of G6PD deficient
      erythrocytes was 54.1 +/- 15.3 and 65.3 +/- 14.0, respectively. The level of
      enzymatic activity exceeded 4 I.U./g Hb and the percentage of G6PD deficient
      cells fell below 40% in only one of the subjects who had developed
      hyperbilirubinaemia. Levels of enzymatic activity below 4 I.U./g Hb, or
      percentages of G6PD deficient erythrocytes higher than 40% can therefore be
      considered to be associated with a high risk of developing neonatal
      hyperbilirubinaemia. In our opinion, these babies should receive prophylactic
      treatment with phenobarbital, as do G6PD deficient Mediterranean males.

PMID- 6821653
TI  - Relationship of post-transfusion viability to deformability of stored red cells.

PMID- 6821652
TI  - Enrichment of erythroblasts from human bone marrow using complement-mediated
      lysis: measurement of ferritin.
AB  - Sequential lysis of human bone marrow cells with a monoclonal antibody directed
      against myeloid cells (TG1) and a rabbit antiserum raised against peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells gave preparations in which 78-97% of the nucleated cells
      were erythroid, with a 24-77% recovery. Viability was high, morphology was good
      and the cells were able to divide and differentiate in culture. No metabolic
      experiments were carried out but the ferritin content of the erythroblasts was
      measured in four experiments and found to be about 200-2000 times higher than
      that found in normal erythrocytes. The H/S ratio was high in both erythroblasts
      and erythrocytes. Fractionation on the basis of density of two erythroblast
      preparations, one from a patient with sideroblastic anaemia and one from a
      patient with megaloblastic anaemia, showed that the most immature erythroblasts
      contained the highest content of ferritin and that this fell with maturation. The
      H/S ratio stayed the same or fell with maturation. It was concluded that this
      method would be valuable for the study of the role of erythroblast ferritin in
      normal and pathological situations.

PMID- 6821656
TI  - Fate of senescent megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
AB  - Degenerating senescent megakaryocytes have been identified in mouse bone marrow
      by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural changes which occur as
      degeneration proceeds are characteristic of death by apoptosis, although most
      cells appear to round up rather than undergo fragmentation. A hitherto unreported
      finding in degenerating cells was the presence of bundles of approximately 7 nm
      diameter parallel filaments in nuclei and membrane-bound nuclear fragments.
      Structurally, they resembled bundles of filaments induced in nuclei with dimethyl
      sulphoxide and identified as actin. Often a bundle appeared to terminate at the
      inner membrane. In the cytoplasm the presence of microtubules and centrioles
      indicates that not all the latter organelles are lost by the megakaryocyte during
      platelet release. Degenerating senescent megakaryocytes are rare in the marrow of
      normal mice but increase in frequency during 5-fluorouracil stimulated
      thrombocytosis. The dying cells are eventually phagocytosed by macrophages, a
      process that can occur extravascularly, showing that entry of senescent
      megakaryocytes into the circulation is not necessary for their disposal.

PMID- 6821655
TI  - The effect of malonyldialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, on the
      deformability, dehydration and 51Cr-survival of erythrocytes.
AB  - Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation has been reported to occur in various
      haemolytic anaemias. In the present study, treatment of human erythrocytes with
      malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a product of fatty acid peroxidation, induced membrane
      rigidity, cellular dehydration and reduced whole cell deformability. These
      effects of MDA were blocked by histamine and fluorescamine, which can act as
      alternate substrates for MDA. Additionally, reduced deformability of MDA-treated
      rabbit cells was associated with shortened 51Cr survival in vivo. These findings
      suggest a biochemical basis for decreased survival of erythrocytes undergoing
      peroxidative damage of the membrane.

PMID- 6821657
TI  - Thromboplastin as a marker for monocyte differentiation.
AB  - The thromboplastin synthesis of the human monocytoid cell line U-937 and its two
      subclones designated U-937-3 and U-937-4 has been studied. U-937-4 seems by
      several functional criteria to represent a more advanced stage of monocyte
      differentiation than the original U-937. U-937-3 appears to be arrested at an
      even more immature stage than the original population. The basal thromboplastin
      activity was higher in U-937-4 than in U-937-3 or U-937 cells (7.0 +/- 1.9 (SEM),
      1.0 +/- 0.2 and 1.6 +/- 0.6 units/mg protein, respectively) although not as high
      as in human normal monocytes (14.1 +/- 2.4). The thromboplastic expression of the
      two clones was maximal when cells were in logarithmic growth. Both clones
      responded with a weak to moderate thromboplastin synthesis upon addition of
      stimulants like phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), immune complexes or endotoxin.
      Thromboplastin production was also potentiated in the presence of lymphocytes.
      The supporting effect of lymphocytes was strong in the case of U-937-3 as well as
      in U-937 cells, but less pronounced in U-937-4 cells as it also is in human
      monocytes. The thromboplastin response after PHA stimulation was more rapid in U
      937-4 cells (maximal after 4-8 h) than in U-937 or U-937-3 cells (12-16 h). Human
      monocytes also responds quickly to PHA (maximally 4 h). Total phospholipid
      content and the relative distribution of individual phospholipids were
      essentially similar in U-937-3, U-937-4 and U-937. With regard to thromboplastin
      production, U-937-4 cells seem to be more monocyte-like than the more immature
      cells U-937-3 and U-937. It is concluded that thromboplastin seems to be a useful
      marker for monocyte differentiation.

PMID- 6821658
TI  - A new DNA polymorphism in the beta-globin gene cluster can be used for antenatal
      diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - Restriction endonuclease analysis of the human beta-globin gene cluster has
      revealed a new DNA polymorphism at a Pvu II recognition site approximately 3.5
      kilobases from the 3' end of the Agamma-globin gene. In patients from the
      Mediterranean area, the Pvu II polymorphism was associated equally with both
      normal and beta-thalassaemia chromosomes. In patients of Indian and Pakistani
      origin the polymorphism was almost exclusively associated with only the normal
      chromosome. Therefore this site may prove very useful for the antenatal diagnosis
      of beta-thalassaemia by acting as a genetic marker for the normal chromosome in
      linkage analysis of family members.

PMID- 6821659
TI  - Cytochemistry of human lymphocyte subpopulations delineated by monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 6821660
TI  - Erythrocyte filterability in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 6821661
TI  - A proven case of maternal alloimmunization due to Duffy antigens in donor blood
      used for intrauterine transfusion.

PMID- 6821662
TI  - What is the place of colposcopy in a district general hospital?

PMID- 6821663
TI  - Fetal plasma catecholamine concentrations and fetal heart-rate variability during
      first stage of labour.
AB  - Fetal heart-rate (FHR) variability was studied in 50 term fetuses during the
      first stage of labour. The variability was computed as an arbitrary index during
      a 20-min period preceding a fetal scalp blood sample which was used for the
      measurement of pH, adrenaline and noradrenaline. None of the fetuses was found to
      have a scalp blood pH less than 7.2. The short-term variability index was
      significantly correlated with the noradrenaline concentration in fetal blood, but
      the adrenaline levels which were generally very low showed no correlation with
      the variability values. There was no correlation between variability index and
      cervical dilatation or blood pH. We have shown previously high plasma
      catecholamine concentrations in the asphyxiated fetus with a decreased pH. In
      this study where fetal pH was normal a correlation between FHR variability and
      fetal scalp plasma noradrenaline levels was found. Thus an increased FHR
      variability might be an early sign of fetal distress when fetal pH is still
      normal.

PMID- 6821664
TI  - Uteroplacental blood flow index in intrauterine growth retardation of fetal or
      maternal origin.
AB  - Uteroplacental blood flow index was determined in 30 women with intrauterine
      growth retardation (IUGR group) and in 26 women without fetal growth retardation
      (control group) during the last trimester of pregnancy. After 1 mCi (37 MBq) of
      indium-113m chloride had been injected intravenously the radiation was registered
      by a computer-linked scintillation camera positioned above the placenta during 10
      s-intervals for 240 s. From the isotope accumulation curve a uteroplacental blood
      flow index could be calculated for each patient. The median blood flow index in
      the IUGR group was less than half of that in the control group. In the IUGR group
      the index was as low in the six women who gave birth to infants with congenital
      malformations as in the other 24 women in whom fetal growth retardation was due
      to maternal factors.

PMID- 6821665
TI  - Plasma urate, urea and creatinine levels during pregnancy and after the
      puerperium in normal primigravid Nigerians.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of urea, uric acid and creatinine were measured in 55
      normal primigravid Nigerians during pregnancy and 6 weeks after delivery. Plasma
      urate concentrations were lowest in early pregnancy and increased with advancing
      gestation, achieving the highest values in the postnatal period. These findings
      are similar to those reported for European women. Plasma urea rose during the
      second trimester, fell in the third to almost first trimester levels and rose
      again in the postnatal period. Plasma creatinine generally followed the same
      pattern as urea. It is suggested that these changes are a reflection of fluid
      distribution rather than a change in urea and creatinine production. An improved
      nutritional status may explain the urea values which are higher than previously
      reported in African women.

PMID- 6821666
TI  - Fetal sex and pre-eclampsia in primigravidae.

PMID- 6821667
TI  - Acute effects of smoking on fetal heart-rate variability.

PMID- 6821668
TI  - Trophoblast alterations in the placental bed in relation to physiological changes
      in spiral arteries.
AB  - Ninety-three placental bed biopsies containing a segment of a spiral artery at
      the level of the decidual-myometrial junction (53 with and 40 without
      physiological changes) were histologically investigated for depth of
      trophoblastic penetration of the uterine wall, formation of trophoblastic
      multinucleated giant cells and the enzyme histochemical characteristics of the
      interstitial (stromal) and vascular (intramural) trophoblast. The depth of
      trophoblastic penetration was not related to the presence or absence of the
      physiological changes. Conversely, in the absence of physiological changes, a
      significant accumulation of multinucleated giant cells at the decidual-myometrial
      junction was found before 36 weeks of gestation. The enzyme histochemical
      characteristics of the placental bed trophoblast suggest a stromal migration of
      trophoblast to the proximal (decidual-myometrial) part of the spiral artery
      whereas the distal part might be invaded by intraluminal (upstream) invasion. The
      hypothesis is put forward that in the absence of physiological changes a
      disturbed stromal migration is caused by intrinsic (trophoblastic) or extrinsic
      (interstitial of vascular) factors expressed by the augmentation of the
      multinucleated cells at the decidual-myometrial junction.

PMID- 6821669
TI  - Application of a real-time microcomputer monitoring system: surveillance of
      induced labour by uterine activity quantitation.
AB  - The uterine activity of women during induced labour was analysed with a real-time
      Commodore PET 2001 series microcomputer. The active contraction area was measured
      in torr-min (1 torr = 0.133 kPa) per 10 min epochs [uterine activity unit
      (UAU)/10 min]. Surgical induction was followed immediately by administration of a
      geometric oxytocin infusion and all patients received epidural analgesia. Twenty
      eight primigravidae for whom inductographic and partographic progress were normal
      had a mean 'stable phase' uterine activity of 118 +/- 2 SD 43 UAU/10 min
      (identical to 942 +/- 2 SD 343 kPas/10 min) whereas 15 multiparae had a mean
      'stable phase' of 83 +/- 2 SD 34 UAU/10 min (identical to 662 +/- 2 SD 271
      kPas/10 min). This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The
      construction of uterine activity charts is described and their clinical
      application discussed.

PMID- 6821670
TI  - Immunoreactive endorphin peptides in amniotic fluid during labour.
AB  - Immunoreactive endorphin peptides (irEP) were measured in term amniotic fluids at
      induction by amniotomy (n = 8), during early and late first stage of labour (n =
      52), at vaginal delivery (n = 30) and at caesarean section (n = 10). Individual
      values ranged from 50 to 222 pg/ml, but mean values did not differ significantly,
      and serial determinations revealed that irEP in the amniotic fluid remained
      almost constant in each woman from the first stage of labour through to delivery.
      There was no correlation between pathological changes in the cardiotocogram or
      low umbilical artery pH and irEP levels in the amniotic fluid at vaginal
      delivery. We conclude that immunoreactive endorphin peptides in the amniotic
      fluid probably are of fetal or placental origin and do not reflect fetal
      wellbeing or distress.

PMID- 6821672
TI  - Pregnancy in patients after severe abdominal burns.

PMID- 6821671
TI  - Amniotic fluid phospholipids and glucocorticoids in multiple pregnancy.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of amniotic fluid has been examined in 30 twin
      pregnancies with a mean gestation of 37.7 weeks. Before the onset of labour there
      was no difference in ratios of lecithin (L), phosphatidylinositol (PI),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to sphingomyelin (S)
      between the first and second twin. With the start of contractions (6 patients)
      there was a significant increase in the L/S and PE/S ratios in the first twin
      (L/S ratio twin I 10.8 +/- 5.2, twin II 7.0 +/- 3.8; PE/S ratio twin I 0.7 +/-
      0.2, twin II 0.4 +/- 0.1). Growth retardation of one fetus did not alter the
      phospholipid profile in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid concentrations of
      glucocorticoids, measured before and during labour in both twins by specific
      immunoassay, were the same in both sacs before labour. During labour
      concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated glucocorticoids were significantly
      increased in the first sac (twin I unconjugated 113.2 +/- 16.6, conjugated 505.1
      +/- 115.9; twin II unconjugated 69.5 +/- 41.4, conjugated 284.3 +/- 124 nmol/l).
      Amniotic fluid from growth retarded fetuses did not show higher glucocorticoid
      levels. In subsequent studies the glucocorticoids were separated by
      chromatography and only cortisol reacted significantly with the antibody used
      under the conditions of the assay.

PMID- 6821673
TI  - Acute effect of maternal smoking on the human fetal blood flow.

PMID- 6821674
TI  - Tuberculous endometritis: a clinicopathological study of 1000 cases.

PMID- 6821675
TI  - Torsion of the gravid uterus. Case reports.

PMID- 6821676
TI  - Early fundus fluorescein angiographic findings and sequelae in traumatic
      retinopathy: case report.
AB  - A 44-year-old man involved in a minor road traffic accident developed traumatic
      retinopathy in both eyes. We present the unusual early angiographic findings and
      the late sequelae of persistent ring scotomata. The previous work on the retinal
      pathophysiology is reviewed, and we suggest that the total clinical picture in
      traumatic maculopathy may often be a combination of the 'angiopathic retinal
      trauma' of Purtscher and the 'commotio retinae' of Berlin, that is, a combination
      of haemodynamic forces leading to vascular damage in the nerve fibre layer and of
      direct mechanical forces leading to photoreceptor destruction.

PMID- 6821677
TI  - New method of assessing visual acuity with pictures.
AB  - It is never easy to assess accurately the vision of an illiterate child. Children
      under the age of 3 who are unable to understand and co-operate with tests using
      shapes and a key card present an even greater problem. All available subjective
      tests for this age group may maintain a small child's interest, but the accuracy
      of the recorded vision is very much in doubt. The new test described below is
      designed for 2-3-year old children. It combines the well recognised advantages of
      using pictures to gain the child's attention with the accuracy of a graded test
      based on Snellen's chart sizing. It is therefore both a practical and more
      accurate alternative test for this age group.

PMID- 6821678
TI  - Acuity and contrast sensitivity.

PMID- 6821679
TI  - Evidence for a neuropathic aetiology in the small pupil of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Infrared television pupillometry was performed on 34 insulin-treated diabetic
      patients and 55 healthy subjects. Sixteen of the diabetic patients had pupils
      that failed to dilate normally in darkness. The occurrence of a small pupil was
      associated with cardiac vagal dysfunction and somatic sensory loss. The small
      pupil was found to be supersensitive to the mydriatic effect of topical 2%
      phenylephrine but normally sensitive to 0.5% hydroxyamphetamine eyedrops. It is
      concluded that the failure of the pupil to dilate in darkness in some diabetic
      patients is due to neuropathy of the sympathetic innervation.

PMID- 6821680
TI  - Hereditary spastic ataxia with congenital miosis: four cases in one family.

PMID- 6821681
TI  - Influence of feeding level and of protein level in early life on the cellularity
      of adipose tissue and body fat content of growing pigs.

PMID- 6821682
TI  - The metabolism of circulating non-esterified fatty acids by the whole animal,
      hind-limb muscle and uterus of pregnant ewes.
AB  - 1. The over-all and regional metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was
      studied using a combination of isotopic and arteriovenous-difference techniques.
      2. There was a common linear relationship, whether stearic, palmitic or oleic
      acids were used as tracer, between the arterial NEFA concentration and the rates
      of entry and oxidation. 3. Assuming that the tracer used reflected the metabolism
      of all the NEFA, the total entry rate in fed and fasted pregnant ewes was (mean
      +/- SE) 0.44 +/- 0.02 and 0.55 +/- 0.07 mmol/h per kg body-weight respectively.
      Oxidation of NEFA contributed (mean +/- SE) 34 +/- 5 and 58 +/- 7% to the
      respiratory carbon dioxide in fed and fasted animals, this accounting for (mean
      +/- SE) 46 +/- 6 and 59 +/- 3% of the respective entry rates. 4. Hind-limb muscle
      both utilized and produced NEFA. The mean gross fractional extraction (calculated
      from isotopic uptake) was (mean +/- SE) 9 +/- 1%. Gross utilization of any NEFA
      and appearance of 14CO2 across the muscle were linearly related to the arterial
      concentration of tracer fatty acid, irrespective of whether this was oleate or
      stearate. The amount of 14CO2 appearing was consistent with (mean +/- SE) 54 +/-
      8% of the CO2 produced by the hind-limb being derived from NEFA oxidation. 5.
      Infused NEFA were partly converted to ketone bodies. Uptake and oxidation in the
      hind-limb of ketones formed in the liver could account for approximately 20% of
      the 14CO2 apparently produced in muscle from NEFA. Correction for this reduces
      the proportion of CO2 derived from NEFA to 43%. There was some indication that
      ketones were also produced from NEFA in the hind-limb. 6. NEFA were not a
      significant energy source for the gravid uterus. 7. An over-all view of energy
      sources for the whole animal and for hind-limb muscle in normal and fasted
      pregnant sheep was presented.

PMID- 6821683
TI  - Saturation kinetics of magnesium efflux across the rumen wall in heifers.
AB  - 1. Absorption of magnesium from the temporarily-isolated, emptied and washed
      rumen of four 10-12-month-old heifers was measured at five different Mg
      concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 12.5 and 20 mmol/l). 2. Net absorption of Mg was
      observed at all concentrations. Saturation occurred at a concentration of 12.5
      mmol Mg/l. 3. Using an Eadie-Hofstee plot, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km;
      11.43 mmol/l) and maximal efflux (Vmax; 120.3 mumol/min) were estimated. 4. The
      phenomenon of saturation supports the assumption that Mg transport across the
      rumen wall of heifers is an active process.

PMID- 6821684
TI  - Effects of exogenous glucose on glucose metabolism in the lactating goat in vivo.
AB  - 1. Glucose turnover in fed and 48 h-starved lactating goats was determined during
      a glucose load of 500 mumol/min using a continuous infusion of [U-14C]- and [3
      3H]glucose. 2. Endogenous rates of irreversible glucose turnover (i.e. total
      rates of irreversible glucose turnover minus the rate of exogenous glucose
      supply) were depressed during glucose loading by 14 and 62% in the fed and
      starved animals respectively. 3. Plasma glucose concentrations increased
      significantly by 57 and 88% in the fed and starved goats respectively. Plasma
      insulin concentrations increased by 108 and 128% in the fed and starved animals
      respectively. 4. Milk yields increased significantly (41%) in the starved animals
      during glucose loading, but were unaffected in fed animals. 5. In both the fed
      and 48 h-starved goats, mammary glucose metabolism via glycolysis and the pentose
      phosphate pathway appeared to be stimulated by glucose loading.

PMID- 6821685
TI  - Dietary-induced obesity: effect of dietary fats on adipose tissue cellularity in
      mice.
AB  - 1. Male and female mice, 4 weeks old, were fed ad lib. diets containing various
      amounts of lard (0-300 g/kg) or various kinds of dietary fats (300 g/kg) for 13
      weeks. Fat cell number and size were determined by a histological method in three
      different adipose sites. 2. Lard at 200 g/kg diet (43% energy from lipids) was
      sufficient to promote fat cell hyperplasia in the parametrial fat. Hyperplasia
      was also observed in the subcutaneous fat in males. The relationship between fat
      cell hypertrophy and the level of lard in the diet was dependent on site and sex.
      3. Obesity was produced whatever the kind of dietary fat eaten: lard, beef
      tallow, sunflower oil or soya-bean oil. In the subcutaneous depot of males given
      lard, fat cell size and number were increased, but only cell hypertrophy was
      observed in those given soya-bean oil. In the female groups of mice fat cell
      hyperplasia or hypertrophy or both were related to the adipose site but not the
      kind of dietary fat. 4. It is concluded that dietary fats of different origin can
      induce obesity in mice. The effects on adipose tissue cellularity depend on the
      levels and kind of fat eaten, the adipose site and sex.

PMID- 6821686
TI  - Effect of pharmacological doses of ascorbic acid on the hepatic microsomal
      haemoproteins in the guinea-pig.
AB  - 1. Ascorbic acid deficiency results in a reduction in the activity of the hepatic
      mixed function oxidase systems in the guinea-pig. In this study, male Dunkin
      Hartley guinea-pigs were given 0, 50, 100, 200 or 300 mg ascorbic acid/d in two
      equal doses in buffered sucrose solution (200 g/l) for 4 d. Controls received an
      equal volume of sucrose solution. 2. A dose of 50 mg ascorbic acid/d resulted in
      a significant rise in the specific activities of both cytochromes P-450 and b5.
      At doses of 200 and 300 mg ascorbic acid/d the concentration of both
      haemoproteins was significantly lower than the control values. These effects were
      mirrored by total microsomal haem concentration. 3. These results suggest that
      when given in large doses, ascorbic acid ceases to act simply as a vitamin and
      should be considered a drug competing for substrates and cofactors with co
      administered drugs and endogenous substrates such as cholesterol.

PMID- 6821688
TI  - Artificial rearing of pigs. 13. Effect of replacement of dried skim-milk by a
      functional fish-protein concentrate on the performance of the pigs and digestion
      of protein.

PMID- 6821687
TI  - Absorption of homocitrulline from the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - 1. Transport of L-homocitrulline, an amino acid which occurs in milk products,
      was studied with rat small intestine in vitro and from the human mouth in vivo.
      Absorption was partially dependent, in both systems, on the presence of sodium
      ions. 2. Metabolic inhibitors decreased L-homocitrulline uptake across the small
      intestine. Transport across the intestine did not occur against the concentration
      gradient but did show saturation kinetics. 3. The barbiturate, amytal, did not
      inhibit buccal absorption. Saturation kinetics were demonstrated. 4. Experiments
      were conducted with L-citrulline, or other amino acids, as possible inhibitors of
      L-homocitrulline transport. Results were compatible with Na+-dependent carrier
      mediated uptake across the buccal mucosa. Active transport could be involved with
      the small intestine assuming that L-homocitrulline has a low affinity for the
      carrier system.

PMID- 6821690
TI  - Dietary protein and the growth of rats infected with the tapeworm Hymenolepis
      diminuta.
AB  - 1. Weanling rats fed on a relatively low protein diet were infected with several
      intestinal tapeworms. The weight gain and daily food intake of the rats were
      measured for 3 weeks before the animals were killed and the adult tapeworms
      recovered. The tissues of the rats and worms were then analysed for protein.
      Controls were provided by uninfected rats either pair fed or fed ad lib. For
      comparison, a similar experiment was conducted on rats fed on a relatively high
      protein diet. 2. The effect of the infection on the protein-malnourished rats and
      of the low level of protein on the worms were apparently not significant. The
      amount of protein contained in the worm burdens was less than 1.5% of the average
      total intake of the protein-malnourished rats.

PMID- 6821689
TI  - Iron status of suckling rats as influenced by maternal diet during gestation and
      lactation.
AB  - 1. Two experiments are reported. In Expt 1, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220
      g) were given purified diets containing 35, 75, 150 or 300 mg Fe/kg throughout
      gestation and lactation. In Expt 2, the levels of Fe given were 250 and 300 mg/kg
      diet. 2. Litters were standardized at birth to contain seven pups. On day 20 of
      lactation blood, milk, spleen and liver were collected for Fe analysis. 3. A
      dietary Fe concentration of 35 mg/kg maintained maximum weight gain, food intake,
      liver and spleen weight, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in the
      growing maternal rat through 20 d of lactation. Dam liver and spleen Fe
      concentrations were maximized between 75 and 250 mg Fe/kg diet. 4. Pups (20-d
      old) nursed by dams given 35 mg Fe/kg tended to have lower body and organ weights
      compared to other groups. Liver and spleen Fe concentrations increased with
      increasing maternal dietary Fe and were significantly increased between 150 and
      250 mg Fe/kg.

PMID- 6821691
TI  - Intestinal absorption of calcium in rats given diets containing casein or amino
      acid mixture: the role of casein phosphopeptides.
AB  - 1. In an attempt to investigate calcium absorption in the rat during the
      postprandial period, with the least alteration of the physical environment, the
      undisturbed small intestine was ligated in situ 2.5 or 3.0 h after ingestion of a
      diet containing 200 g casein/kg or an equivalent amino acid mixture, or 925 g
      casein/kg. Estimation of Ca absorption was made by comparing the amount of
      soluble 40Ca or 45Ca in the contents of segments from the rats receiving 45Ca by
      intubation 30 min after withdrawal of food, ligated after a further 30 min, then
      killed after 0 or 30 min. 2. Under conditions such that the estimated amount of a
      marker, polyethylene glycol, in segments ligated in a defined position was little
      changed in rats killed 30 min apart, the difference in the amount of soluble 40Ca
      was much higher in the rats fed on the basal diet containing 200 g casein/kg than
      in other groups. 3. This specific effect on Ca absorption, particularly in the
      distal portion of the small intestine, could be seen also after 45Ca was directly
      injected into ligated segments in situ. The amount of 45Ca in the portal blood 15
      min after injection of the label was also highest in the rats given the basal
      diet. 4. The results were in agreement with our previous findings that the
      formation and accumulation of casein phosphopeptides causes an increase in the
      amount of soluble Ca in the distal small intestine.

PMID- 6821692
TI  - The influence of dietary iron and molybdenum on copper metabolism in calves.
AB  - 1. Twenty heifer calves were allocated to four groups and maintained for 32 weeks
      on a diet based mainly on barley and straw and containing 4 mg copper/kg. The
      diet was supplemented with 0 or 800 mg iron/kg and 0 or 5 mg molybdenum/kg. 2.
      Liver and plasma Cu concentrations, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (EC
      1.15.1.1) and plasma caeruloplasmin (EC 1.16.3.1) activities decreased greatly
      and rapidly in all calves given the Fe or Mo supplements or both. Levels
      indicative of severe Cu deficiency were attained within 16 weeks. There were no
      significant differences in values in animals given Fe, Mo or Fe plus Mo. 3.
      Clinical signs of Cu deficiency developed after 20 weeks in the calves given the
      Mo supplement. Growth rates were reduced, skeletal lesions developed and hair
      texture and colour were affected. No such effects were observed in the calves
      given only the Fe supplement. 4. Plasma and liver Fe concentrations increased in
      calves given the Fe supplement but were not greatly affected by Mo, even when the
      calves were severely Cu-deficient. 5. The significance of the effects of Fe and
      Mo on Cu metabolism are discussed with special regard to the influence of soil
      ingestion on Cu availability and to the frequent lack of correlation between the
      Cu status of animals and their clinical condition.

PMID- 6821693
TI  - The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 4. The potential
      use of urine aromatic acid and phenol outputs as a measure of voluntary food
      intake.
AB  - 1. Studies were made of the extent to which p-cresol, catechol, quinol and
      orcinol infused through rumen or abomasal cannulas to sheep were recovered in
      their urine. 2. Rumen fermentation of dietary phenolic compounds caused the
      excretion of simple phenols in the urine. In decreasing order of magnitude these
      were: p-cresol, catechol, phenol and 4-methylcatechol with only traces of quinol
      and orcinol. 3. The percentages of rumen-infused p-cresol or orcinol recovered as
      increments in the urinary phenol outputs of sheep (94 and 99% respectively)
      following infusion showed that rumen degradation of these phenols was negligible.
      4. After rumen infusion of catechol and quinol, mean recoveries of these phenols
      in urine were only 55 and 77% respectively. Possible reasons for these incomplete
      recoveries are discussed. 5. Studies were also made of the use of the urinary
      phenol output of phenols characteristics of particular forages as indices of
      their voluntary intake by sheep. Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull) (heather) may contain
      1300-3600 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of orcinol and 200-800 mg/kg DM of quinol as beta
      glycosides. When heather was offered ad lib. to sheep given one of five levels of
      grass, linear relationships were found between heather intake and urinary quinol
      and orcinol outputs. 6. The urinary output of aromatic acids was also determined
      when sheep ate grass and heather. Urinary phenylacetic acid output was linearly
      related to grass but not to heather intake. The relationship between urinary
      phenylacetic acid output and grass intake could vary with different forages but
      that between orcinol output and heather intake was considered a useful index of
      heather intake. 7. Methods for the assay of urine phenols are discussed.

PMID- 6821695
TI  - Preoperative hemostatic evaluation: which tests, if any?

PMID- 6821694
TI  - Excess energy intake promotes the development of hypoalbuminaemia in rats fed on
      low-protein diets.
AB  - 1. A group of rats were given ad lib, a diet with a protein-energy: total energy
      (P:E) value of 0 . 03. Other animals received the same protein intake (g/kg body
      weight per d) as this group, but had their energy consumption reduced to either
      90, 80, 70, 60 or 50% of the ad lib. value. 2. The restricted growth rate of rats
      fed on the P:E--0 . 03 diet ad lib. has been shown to be due entirely to their
      insufficient protein consumption. In contrast, energy intake was far in excess of
      that required for maintenance and the limited amount of growth. 3. Carcass
      analysis demonstrated that some of the excess energy intake was stored as fat,
      but a greater part had been dissipated, presumably by diet-induced thermogenesis.
      4. The plasma concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) was elevated in all animals
      consuming excess energy and was significantly related to both the total surplus
      and the amount of energy dissipated. 5. In the group of animals restricted to 50%
      of the ad lib. intake, energy rather than protein appeared to be the factor
      limiting growth. Energy intake was below estimated requirements for maintenance
      and was associated with values for plasma T3 that were lower than those found in
      well-fed control rats. 6. Although all the animals had similar protein intakes,
      plasma albumin concentration differed between the groups and was found to be
      inversely proportional to the energy intake. Thus it was lowest in animals
      receiving food ad lib. and rose to near normal values in the most-severely
      restricted rats. 7. It is suggested that hypoalbuminaemia, and perhaps other
      features of protein deficiency, seen in animals fed on low-P:E diets may occur as
      an undesirable consequence of the metabolic response required to deal with excess
      energy consumption.

PMID- 6821696
TI  - Hematin: unique effects of hemostasis.
AB  - Hematin is clinically useful in the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria.
      Recently, hematin-induced coagulopathy has been reported, and a patient we
      treated bled during hematin therapy. On 3 separate occasions, infusions of
      hematin (4 mg/kg) induced thrombocytopenia, prolongation of the prothrombin time,
      partial thromboplastin time. Reptilase time, and apparent decreases in fibrinogen
      and increases in fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP). However, fibrinogen
      assayed by heat precipitation was unchanged, the protamine paracoagulation test
      was negative, there was no red blood cell fragmentation, and plasminogen and
      antithrombin III remained normal, excluding the presence of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation. Furthermore, premedication with heparin, 5000 U i.v.,
      failed to prevent the lengthening of the Reptilase time and exacerbated the
      thrombocytopenia. In vitro studies revealed that hematin, 0.1 mg/ml, aggregated
      platelets and induced the release of 14C-serotonin and adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP). Hematin also aggregated washed or gel-filtered platelets but had no effect
      on formalin-fixed platelets. Aggregation was inhibited by aspirin (0.12 mg/ml),
      adenosine triphosphate, and apyrase, suggesting that hematin aggregated platelets
      by inducing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) release. Hematin (0.07 mg/ml)
      progressively inactivated thrombin and 0.1 mg/ml prolonged the Reptilase time.
      Thus, hematin is unique in that it both induces platelet aggregation and inhibits
      coagulation.

PMID- 6821697
TI  - The origin of cerebrospinal fluid procoagulant activity.

PMID- 6821698
TI  - The significance of transferrin for intestinal iron absorption.
AB  - A mechanism is proposed by which apotransferrin is secreted from mucosal cells,
      loaded with iron in the intestinal lumen, and then the intact complex is taken
      into the cell. Within the cell, iron is released and transferred to the blood
      stream, whereas iron-free transferrin returns to the brush border to be recycled.
      We have investigated this hypothesis by measuring intestinal absorption of
      radioiron and 125I-labeled plasma transferrin using tied-off gut segments in
      normal and iron-deficient rats. There was no absorption of diferric transferrin
      from the ileum, but high absorption from the duodenum and jejunum segments.
      Jejunal absorption occurred as a function of the dose offered and showed
      saturation kinetics. In normal animals, 4 micrograms of the 50 micrograms of
      transferrin iron was absorbed over 1 hr. In iron-deficient animals, mean values
      as high as 13 micrograms were observed. Radioiron content of the jejunal mucosa
      bore a linear relationship to the dose administered and was inversely
      proportional to the amount of iron entering the plasma. Recycling of transferrin
      was indicated by the presence of labeled apotransferrin in the lumen, first
      observed between 15 and 60 min after the injection of diferric transferrin. A
      high resistance of diferric and apotransferrin to proteolytic degradation within
      the gut lumen was demonstrated. Comparative studies with lactoferrin and ferritin
      disclosed poor availability of their iron for absorption. The small amount that
      was absorbed did not relate to the iron status of the recipient animal. These
      studies support the role of mucosal transferrin as a shuttle protein for iron
      absorption.

PMID- 6821699
TI  - Endogenous protein phosphorylation by resting and activated human neutrophils.
AB  - NADPH oxidase is an enzyme in the plasma membrane of the neutrophil that
      catalyzes the production of O2-, a species central to the oxygen-dependent
      killing mechanisms of this cell. The oxidase is dormant in resting cells and is
      activated upon the addition of a stimulus. Neutrophils of patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD) manifest no oxidase activity when stimulated. The
      possible role of protein phosphorylation in the activation of NADPH oxidase was
      examined in normal and CGD neutrophils by measuring the incorporation of 32Pi
      into proteins as determined by gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography.
      Resting neutrophils from normal subjects exhibit at least 40 distinct
      phosphoprotein bands. The level of phosphorylation of these bands was examined
      after the addition of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan,
      digitonin, N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), or NaF. PMA and opsonized
      zymosan increased the phosphorylation of a set of 6 protein bands. Digitonin and
      FMLP consistently caused the phosphorylation of 4 of these protein bands, while
      NaF failed to induce increased phosphorylation of any protein band. All
      activators tested caused the dephosphorylation of one specific protein band. The
      time course of phosphorylation (dephosphorylation) was examined using PMA as the
      activating agent. Increased phosphorylation of one protein band was evident by 12
      sec after the addition of PMA. The most slowly phosphorylated protein band did
      not slow evidence of change until 5 min after the addition of PMA. Three of the
      phosphoproteins examined were phosphorylated either earlier than or concomitant
      with the activation of NADPH oxidase. CGD neutrophils were compared with normal
      cells for their ability to phosphorylate proteins in response to PMA. The
      phosphoprotein banding patterns of CGD neutrophils were identical with those of
      normal neutrophils in both the resting and activated states. The evidence
      presented shows that the phosphorylation of proteins is a prominent feature of
      neutrophil metabolism. The striking similarity of phosphorylation changes induced
      by the various activators tested suggests that protein phosphorylation may play a
      role in some aspects of neutrophil activation. Evidence was not obtained,
      however, regarding a link between protein phosphorylation and activation of NADPH
      oxidase.

PMID- 6821700
TI  - Response to splenectomy in 65 patients with hairy cell leukemia: an evaluation of
      spleen weight and bone marrow involvement.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with hairy cell leukemia underwent splenectomy; 27 had a
      complete remission as defined by a return in WBC, RBC, and platelet counts to a
      defined level, and 38 had a partial remission with a return of only one or two of
      these parameters to the defined level. The 5-yr actuarial survival for all
      patients is 68%; for CR patients it is 76%, and for PR patients 62%. The response
      to splenectomy did not correlate with the spleen weight. Seventeen patients had a
      postsplenectomy platelet count of less than 200 x 10(9)/liter, and 34 patients
      had a postsplenectomy platelet count of 200 x 10(9)/liter or greater. A
      presplenectomy bone core biopsy hairy cell index (HCI) was calculated by
      multiplying the percent marrow cellularity by the percent of hairy cells in the
      marrow for 51 patients. The difference in the mean HCI between the two platelet
      response groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Of the 15
      patients with a presplenectomy HCI of 0.7 or greater, 9 (60%) did not have a
      satisfactory platelet response to splenectomy, whereas of 36 patients with an HCI
      of 0.7 or less, only 8(22%) did not have a satisfactory platelet response to
      splenectomy (p less than 0.01). The HCI appears to indicate the significance of
      underproduction of platelets as a result of marrow replacement by hairy cells.

PMID- 6821701
TI  - Effect of aspirin and sodium salicylate on thrombosis, fibrinolysis, prothrombin
      time, and platelet survival In rabbits with indwelling aortic catheters.
AB  - We have studied the effect of different doses of aspirin on platelet function,
      PGI2 formation, platelet survival, thrombosis, fibrinolysis, and prothrombin time
      in rabbits with indwelling aortic catheters. The thrombi formed around indwelling
      aortic catheters were found to have a large fibrin component, and their formation
      was inhibited by heparin administration. Thus, in these experiments we examined
      the effect of aspirin (a weak inhibitor of thrombin-mediated platelet
      aggregation) under conditions in which thrombin was a major factor in the
      initiation and growth of the thrombi. Only very high doses of aspirin tended to
      inhibit thrombus formation over the 5-day period of observation, and a
      statistically significant inhibition of thrombus formation was produced by
      equivalent concentrations of sodium salicylate. The failure of high doses of
      aspirin to achieve a significant inhibition of thrombosis under the conditions of
      these experiments (whereas an equivalent dose of sodium salicylate was
      inhibitory) could be due to aspirin inhibition of PGI2 formation. Shortened
      platelet survival was not affected by aspirin treatment or the dose sodium
      salicylate that inhibited thrombus formation. The tendency to inhibit thrombus
      formation appeared to be unrelated to an effect on platelets but was associated
      with prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time and increased whole blood
      fibrinolytic activity; doses of aspirin that inhibited platelet  aggregation in
      response to sodium arachidonate or collagen, and PGI2 formation by the vessel
      wall, did not have a significant effect on the amount of thrombus present at 5
      days. However, the high doses of aspirin that inhibited PGI2 formation were
      associated with a tendency to increased thrombus formation during the first 3 hr
      after insertion of the catheter. The results of these experiments show that when
      thrombin is an important factor in the formation of thrombi, aspirin is a weak
      inhibitor of thrombosis unless doses are used that provide sufficient salicylate
      to interfere with blood coagulation and promote whole blood fibrinolytic
      activity. These results also show that thrombus formation can be inhibited
      without an apparent change in platelet survival.

PMID- 6821702
TI  - Survival of density subpopulations of rabbit platelets: use of 51Cr-or 111In
      labeled platelets to measure survival of least dense and most dense platelets
      concurrently.
AB  - The origin of the density heterogeneity of platelets was studied by measuring the
      survival of density subpopulations of rabbit platelets separated by discontinuous
      Stractan density gradient centrifugation. When a total population of 51Cr-labeled
      platelets was injected into recipient rabbits, the relative specific
      radioactivity of the most dense platelets decreased rapidly. In contrast, that of
      the least dense platelets had not changed 24 hr after injection, and then
      decreased slowly. To distinguish between the possibilities that most dense
      platelets are cleared from the circulation more quickly than least dense
      platelets or that platelets decrease in density as they age in the circulation,
      the concurrent survival of least dense and most dense platelets, labeled with
      either 51Cr or 111In-labeled total platelet populations, determined concurrently
      in the same rabbits, were identical, calculated from 1 hr values as 100%.
      However, the 1-hr recovery of 111In-labeled platelets was slightly but
      significantly less than that of 51Cr-labeled platelets. Therefore, we studied the
      survival of 51Cr-labeled least dense and 111In-labeled most dense platelets as
      well as that of 111In-labeled least dense and 51Cr-labeled most dense platelets.
      Mean 1-hr recovery of least dense platelets, labeled with either isotope (78% +/-
      7%, SD) was similar to that of most dense platelets, labeled with either isotope
      (77% +/- 8%; SD). Mean survival of least dense platelets was 47.3 +/- 18.7 hr
      (SD), which was significantly less than that of most dense platelets (76.1 +/-
      21.6 hr; SD) (p less than 0.0025). These results indicate that platelets decrease
      in buoyant density as they age in the circulation and that most dense platelets
      are enriched in young platelets, and least dense in old. Thus, the events that
      affect platelets as they age in the circulation contribute to platelet density
      heterogeneity, although they may not be the sole cause of it.

PMID- 6821703
TI  - Hereditary elliptocytosis with protein band 4.1 deficiency in the dog.
AB  - A dog with persistent elliptocytosis was studied. The dog had membrane protein
      band 4.1 deficiency, microcytosis, shortened erythrocyte lifespan, increased
      osmotic sensitivity, and a mild glutathione deficiency. Erythrocyte deformability
      and membrane stability were adversely effected. The dog's parents had decreased
      band 4.1, decreased stability, and some elliptocytosis. This disorder in dogs
      closely resembles human patients with band 4.1 deficiency and should provide a
      valuable animal model to study the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton.

PMID- 6821704
TI  - Hemoglobin North Shore: a variant hemoglobin associated with the phenotype of
      beta-thalassemia.
AB  - Hemoglobin (Hb) North Shore (beta 134 val leads to glu) is a mutant hemoglobin
      that is associated with the phenotype of mild heterozygous beta-thalassemia.
      Heterozygotes are characterized low normal hemoglobin levels or mild anemia,
      microcytosis, increased HbA2, and 34%-38% Hb North Shore. The mechanism of the
      anemia and microcytosis associated with Hb North Shore was explored by studies of
      hemolysate thermal instability, peripheral blood globin biosynthesis, and whole
      blood oxygen affinity. Hb North Shore was mildly heat unstable in comparison to
      normal adult hemolysate. Pulse labeling of reticulocytes with 3H-leucine showed
      an alpha/beta ratio of 1.35 (normal 1.0). The beta North Shore/alpha ratio was
      0.22-0.27, which was less than expected on the basis of gene dosage and less than
      that seen for most beta-chain variants. The beta A/alpha ratio was 0.50, as would
      be expected. The beta North Shore/alpha ratio was 0.26 after a 15-min pulse and
      did not decrease during 120 min of chase. These findings suggest that suboptimal
      synthesis rather than posttranslational degradation is responsible for the
      thalassemic phenotype associated with this variant hemoglobin. These observations
      parallel the findings in heterozygous HbE. It is not presently known whether the
      thalassemia phenotype is conferred by the structural mutation itself or by
      another mutation cis to the beta North Shore gene.

PMID- 6821705
TI  - In vitro studies of megakaryocytopoiesis in thrombocytotic disorders of man.
AB  - Increased numbers of bone marrow megakaryocytes and thrombocytosis are frequently
      observed in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Increased marrow
      megakaryocytes and thrombocytosis are also noted in a variety of inflammatory and
      neoplastic disease leading to the phenomenon of reactive thrombocytosis (RT). The
      pathogenesis of this finding remains incompletely understood. Using methodology
      developed in our laboratory, we investigated the causative role of megakaryocyte
      colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) in generating this phenomenon. We also
      examined the cloning efficiency of colony-forming units-megakaryocyte (CFU-M) and
      their responsiveness to an exogenous source of Meg-CSA in patients with these
      diseases. The results of our investigations suggest that: (1) increased
      production of Meg-CSA is not responsible for the megakaryocyte hyperplasia and
      thrombocytosis noted in these patients; (2) the intrinsic stem cell defect
      described in MPD appears to affect the CFU-M of these patients as well, resulting
      in an effective expansion of the CFU-M pool with consequent megakaryocyte
      hyperplasia and thrombocytosis; (3) the CFU-M of patients with MPD remain
      responsive to an exogenous source of Meg-CSA, suggesting that this megakaryocyte
      hyperplasia may not be entirely autonomous of its effects; and (4) the CFU-M pool
      in RT is normal both in size and responsiveness to Meg-CSA, suggesting that in
      these disorders, the stimulus leading to megakaryocyte hyperplasia and
      thrombocytosis is active at the post-CFU-M level of megakaryocyte
      differentiation.

PMID- 6821706
TI  - Conservation of myeloid surface antigens on primate granulocytes.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with myeloid cell surface antigens were used to
      study evolutionary changes in granulocyte surface antigens from primate species.
      Certain of these granulocyte membrane antigens are conserved in phylogenetically
      distant species, indicating the potential functional importance of these
      structures. The degree of conservation of these antigens reflects the
      phylogenetic relationship between primate species. Furthermore, species of the
      same genus show similar patterns of binding to this panel of anti-human myeloid
      antibodies. This finding of conserved granulocyte surface antigens suggests that
      non-human primates may provide a model system for exploring uses of monoclonal
      antibodies in the treatment of human myeloid disorders.

PMID- 6821707
TI  - Do resistance vessel abnormalities contribute to the elevated blood pressure of
      spontaneously-hypertensive rats? A review of some of the evidence.
AB  - This review summarizes some of the evidence pointing to the existence of vascular
      abnormalities in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the extent to which
      such abnormalities could be responsible for the elevated blood pressure in this
      animal. Compared with its genetic normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto rat
      (WKY), the adult SHR has an increased total peripheral resistance (TPR). Many
      factors appear to contribute to the increased TPR, including an active
      rarefication of the vascular bed and a general constriction of the vasculature.
      There is evidence that the general constriction is due to structural differences
      in the resistance vessels, to abnormally high activation levels (i.e. increased
      sympathetic nerve activity), and to abnormal excitation-contracting coupling
      within the vasculature itself (i.e. increased noradrenaline sensitivity of the
      vascular smooth muscle cells). Age studies and studies of the effects of
      antihypertensive treatment suggest that both structural and excitation
      contraction abnormalities may be present before the onset of hypertension.

PMID- 6821709
TI  - Enhancement and prolongation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by
      aldosterone.
AB  - Isolated rings of rabbit thoracic aorta were mounted in tissue baths for the
      measurement of isometric tension development and desipramine was added to all
      baths to block neuronal uptake of catecholamines. When these vessels were
      contracted to a steady-state of 1.5-3.5 g with norepinephrine, the addition of 1,
      10 and 100 microM aldosterone caused a further contraction of 0.09, 0.47 and 0.8
      g, respectively. Vessels contracted with norepinephrine and exposed to
      aldosterone were also immersed in mineral oil to trap a finite amount of
      norepinephrine within the receptor compartment of the tissue and the rate of
      relaxation was measured. The time to relax 50% (t1/2) in the presence of 100
      microM aldosterone was approximately 18 min, while that in the presence of either
      ethanol diluent or 10 microM aldosterone was 7 min. When maximally effective
      concentrations of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone acetate were used, the
      increases in norepinephrine-induced contractions and relaxation t1/2 values
      caused by these agents were identical. Combining these agents did not produce
      additive effects. Aldosterone also increased contractions and t1/2 values in
      tissues contracted with epinephrine but not in those contracted with methoxamine
      or 5-hydroxytryptamine. These findings support the conclusion that aldosterone
      enhances and prolongs contraction by inhibiting the removal of catecholamines
      from the receptor compartment of vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 6821710
TI  - Effect of contraction on the subsequent responsiveness and maximum contractility
      of the rabbit ear artery and saphenous vein in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prior agonist-induced
      contraction of vascular smooth muscle on its subsequent responsiveness and
      maximum contractility. Repeated exposure of the rabbit ear artery to
      equieffective histamine (Hist) or KCl concentrations increased subsequent
      norepinephrine (NE) responsiveness and maximum contractility in comparison to
      rested controls. Tissues exposed in a similar manner to an equieffective
      serotonin concentration responded to NE more than did controls, but less than
      Hist- and KCl-pretreated tissues. Prior exposure to NE or KCl increased Hist
      responsiveness and maximum contractility. However, NE pretreatment did not
      increase serotonin or KCl responsiveness. The increased responsiveness and
      maximum contractility lasted for at least 90 and 390 min., respectively. When ear
      arteries were exposed to agonists in the presence of NaNO2 or papaverine the
      increase in responsiveness was either reduced or absent. Everted arteries
      repeatedly exposed to Hist demonstrated an increased tonic phase contraction to
      NE; there was no change in the initial transient phase of contraction. Exposure
      of the saphenous vein to Hist oe KCl had no effect on subsequent NE
      responsiveness; however, maximum contractility was increased. The present results
      suggest that (1) contraction brought about by agonist drugs can result in two
      separate phenomena -- increased responsiveness and increased maximum
      contractility; (2) the increased responsiveness may mask underlying alpha
      adrenoceptor desensitization which may be agonist specific; (3) an event
      following agonist-receptor binding is responsible for increased responsiveness
      and increased maximum contractility; (4) the mechanism for increased
      responsiveness may be due to an increased coupling between receptor activation
      and membrane permeability to calcium; (5) agonist contraction in the saphenous
      vein and ear artery may be regulated by different mechanisms.

PMID- 6821708
TI  - Potassium depolarization of adrenergic varicosities in resistance arteries from
      SHR and WKY rats.
AB  - We characterized the function of adrenergic nerve varicosities in mesenteric
      resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar
      Kyoto (WKY) rats by observing contractile responses to depolarization with a high
      potassium solution (HiK). Intact rings of resistance arteries were mounted in a
      specialized muscle chamber for measurement of circumferential contractile forces.
      Contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine (NE), to HiK, and to the
      combination of NE plus HiK were significantly greater in SHR compared to WKY
      vessels. Using either phentolamine or 6-hydroxydopamine-treated vessels to
      eliminate a neurogenic adrenergic response, we determined that a part of the HiK
      induced contraction was due to NE released from nerve varicosities (i.e., the
      adrenergic component). In order to compare these adrenergic components for
      possible nerve-related differences, they were first normalized to their maximum
      exogenous NE responses. This normalized adrenergic component of SHR vessels (52
      and 58% for phentolamine and 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, respectively) was
      significantly greater than that of the WKY vessels (35 and 37%). This greater
      adrenergic component could reflect either a greater vascular smooth muscle
      sensitivity to NE in arteries from SHR or an increase in NE concentration, or
      both.

PMID- 6821711
TI  - Red cell membrane abnormalities in two cases with a special type of a hereditary
      megaloblastoid hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Case reports are presented of two related patients suffering from a hereditary
      megaloblastoid hemolytic anemia which at the moment cannot be categorized into
      one of the well-known entities. The main characteristics of the disease consisted
      of constant jaundice, macrocytic normochromic anemia, marked hemolysis without a
      substantial decrease in osmotic resistance, increased iron turnover and hepatic
      hemosiderosis at a relatively young age. One patient had to undergo splenectomy
      due to hemolytic crises, the other one cholecystectomy due to gallstones. In
      contrast to their uncharacteristic morphology in smear, red cells displayed
      highly variable forms ("lumpy", "Y", "U", drumstick forms) when examined in
      transmission and scanning electron microscopes. These changes corresponded well
      with reduced filtrability and aggregability of erythrocytes. The apparent
      relative blood viscosity was unchanged. The protein pattern of ghosts in SDS gel
      electrophoresis revealed neither defects nor additional bands. Changes in the
      lipid composition of the membrane were indirectly deduced from electron spin
      resonance studies, which showed an additional signal at g = 2.192. Similarly, the
      lipid related membrane mobility agent A2C failed to exert the usual stabilizing
      effect against osmotic stress. The negative surface potential, estimated by free
      flow electrophoresis, was only altered in the splenectomized patient. It is
      concluded that the primary abnormal physical properties of the enlarged red cell
      contribute at least in part to the marked hemolysis. The similar findings in the
      two related patients and the fact that the disorder was obviously congenital
      suggest a special subtype of a megaloblastoid hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 6821712
TI  - Studies on a family with the factor VII defect.
AB  - Investigations in a family with an isolated factor VII deficiency are reported.
      In one of the propositi VII Ag was reduced, in all other family members VII Ag
      was in the low normal range. Other investigators have observed various activation
      patterns of factor VII in four deficient families which were tested with
      thromboplastins from different sources. In contrast to most of these earlier
      studies the degree of activation with different thromboplastins was very similar
      regardless which thromboplastin was tested. These results confirm the
      heterogeneity of the factor VII defect. Platelet aggregation which was tested in
      one of the propositi with ADP, adrenaline, and collagen was found to be normal.
      No cold activation of factor VII was observed.

PMID- 6821713
TI  - Alpha naphthyl acetate esterase in human blood cells with different molecular
      weights.
AB  - Normal human blood cells contain esterases which hydrolyze alpha-naphthyl acetate
      (alpha NA). Purified preparations of these cells were investigated by
      polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at pH 9.0 and subsequent staining of
      gels for esterase activity. Extractable alpha NA esterase was separated according
      to molecular weight. alpha NA esterase with molecular weight of 55 000 was
      observed only in lymphocytes and red cells. Lymphocytes from patients with B-cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) showed alpha NA esterase with molecular
      weight of 45 000 instead of 55 000. Esterases with molecular weights of 60 000
      and 70 000 were detected in granulocytes monocytes and red cells. Only platelets
      and red cells exhibited alpha NA esterase with molecular weight of 80 000. alpha
      NA esterases with molecular weight of 290 000 could be demonstrated in
      granulocytes and red cells. All blood cells contained esterase with molecular
      weight of 360 000. alpha NA esterase with molecular weight of 390 000 was
      detected only in red cells. In all blood cells (without lymphocytes) esterase
      with molecular weight of 500 000 was demonstrated. Only the enzyme in monocytes,
      granulocytes and red cells was sensitive to fluoride inhibition.

PMID- 6821714
TI  - The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intra-oral reconstruction.
AB  - The radial forearm flap is ideal for intra-oral reconstruction, offering thin,
      pliable predominantly hairless skin to replace oral mucosa. The vascularity of
      the area allows considerable variation in the design of this fasciocutaneous flap
      and offers the possibility of including bone as an osteocutaneous flap.
      Furthermore, the vascular anatomy of the flap simplifies the technical aspects of
      free tissue transfer. Based on ten clinical cases the design of the flap is
      described and its versatility in differing clinical situations is illustrated.
      The advantages of this method of intra-oral reconstruction are discussed and
      evaluated.

PMID- 6821716
TI  - One-stage reconstruction of a massive buttock and sacroperineal defect with
      multiple myocutaneous flaps.

PMID- 6821715
TI  - A vascularised iliac musculo-periosteal free flap transfer: a case report.

PMID- 6821717
TI  - The human caudal appendage (human tail).

PMID- 6821720
TI  - Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism with a functionally stable
      osteosynthesis of the mandibular body.
AB  - Several methods have been described for the surgical correction of mandibular
      prognathism. Current techniques favour surgical correction at the site of the
      anomaly itself and in the case of skeletal mandibular prognathism it is the
      mandibular body that must be cut and shortened. The authors describe two methods
      of oblique ostectomy and of sagittal splitting with ostectomy of the mandibular
      body, by which a planned and measured reduction of the size of the mandible can
      be achieved. The techniques provide a functionally stable osteosynthesis, the
      optimum conditions for post-operative bone healing and so reduce the period of
      intermaxillary immobilisation. The special problems of articular derangements of
      the temporo-mandibular joint due to a stable osteosynthesis can be avoided by the
      combined use of zygomatico-mandibular positioners and occlusal splints.

PMID- 6821719
TI  - Accessory scrotum: a case report.

PMID- 6821718
TI  - Penoscrotal inversion and its management.
AB  - Three patients with this anomaly are presented. The condition may cause problems
      in diagnosis even to experienced paediatricians and is often associated with
      other local anomalies particularly severe chordee. A careful pre-operative
      investigation is mandatory. The simplest way to treat the deformity is to use the
      scrotal skin to repair the defect created when the chordee deformity is released.
      This is satisfactory when there is no hypospadias but when the urethra has to be
      reconstructed there is a danger of introducing potentially hairy skin into the
      lining.

PMID- 6821721
TI  - Self-healing squamous epithelioma: a family affair.

PMID- 6821722
TI  - Regional analgesia combined with intravenous sedation in major eyelid surgery: an
      alternative to induced hypotension.

PMID- 6821723
TI  - Reconstruction of the posterior wall of the pharynx using a myocutaneous platysma
      flap.

PMID- 6821724
TI  - Reconstruction of the lower lip.
AB  - A modification of the classic Gillies fan flap as used in reconstructing full
      thickness defects of the lower lip is described. The method is suitable for
      defects involving part of the width of the lip up to defects of the entire lip.
      It can also be used in association with a "lip-shave" when there is pre-malignant
      change in the vermilion generally in addition to the focus of frank squamous
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6821725
TI  - Long-term follow-up report on cross-facial nerve grafting in the treatment of
      facial paralysis.

PMID- 6821727
TI  - Total thumb reconstruction: a one-stage reconstruction using an osteo-cutaneous
      forearm flap.

PMID- 6821726
TI  - An anaesthetic technique for cross-face nerve grafting.

PMID- 6821728
TI  - A bipedicle flap in the correction of burn contractures.
AB  - The principle of the bipedicle flap has been employed in the correction of
      contractures using some of the skin and scar at the site of the contracture. The
      contracture is released by making two parallel transverse incisions one above and
      the other below outlining a bipedicle flap at the level of the joint crease. The
      scar above and below this transverse pedicle is excised to release the
      contracture and the raw areas are skin grafted. This manoeuvre combines the
      advantages of a flap (in the critical area) with those of skin grafting. With
      proper care and planning the "flap" invariably survives. It has been employed in
      the release of 38 contractures of various joints.

PMID- 6821730
TI  - A successful operation for lymphoedema using a myocutaneous flap as a "wick".

PMID- 6821729
TI  - Misconceptions regarding the cervico-humeral flap.
AB  - Various authors have reported different failure rates for the cervico-humeral
      flap. An attempt is made to explain these occurrences in the light of recent
      experimental and clinical work which has increased our knowledge of the detailed
      blood supply of the supraclavicular fossa and shoulder region. In particular, the
      role of a fascio-cutaneous vessel in the supply of a proximally based shoulder
      flap is stressed. Division of this vessel may occur during proximal mobilisation
      of the cervico-humeral flap. This fundamentally alters the nature of the flap and
      may be the key to the varying failure rates. The implications of this for fascio
      cutaneous flaps in general are discussed.

PMID- 6821731
TI  - The use of a combined latissimus dorsi-groin flap as a direct flap for
      reconstruction of the upper extremity.

PMID- 6821732
TI  - "Oyster splints": a new compression device for the treatment of keloid scars of
      the ear.

PMID- 6821733
TI  - Metastatic tumour in the submandibular salivary gland.

PMID- 6821734
TI  - Differential thermometry as a monitor of blood flow in skin flaps.
AB  - An instrument for monitoring the blood flow in skin flaps by temperature
      measurement is described. This compares the temperature of the flap with adjacent
      normal skin. An experimental assessment of the technique is presented. Although
      many of the problems associated with absolute temperature measurement were
      eliminated, the reaction to circulatory change within a flap was slow. However,
      with further refinement, the principle may have a place in clinical practice,
      especially in replantation surgery.

PMID- 6821735
TI  - Monitoring skin flaps by colour measurement.
AB  - A technique based on reflection spectrophotometry has been tested for use as a
      monitor of the cutaneous circulation in experimental skin flaps. A very rapid
      indication was given of either arterial or venous insufficiency in a previously
      healthy flap. Post-operative monitoring produced characteristic traces for
      successful and unsuccessful free flaps. The ability of this method to
      discriminate between a satisfactory flap, an arterial failure, and a venous
      failure was highly significant (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6821736
TI  - Haemodynamics in microarterial stenosis: an experimental study in rats using the
      Doppler technique.
AB  - Little is known about the effects of stenosis on the blood flow in small
      arteries. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical stenosis in the
      rat aorta. Artificial stenoses were deliberately created in the aorta and the
      influence on the blood flow through the femoral arteries was measured using a non
      invasive Doppler technique. The degree of stenosis was assessed by
      microarteriographic and casting techniques. The use of the Doppler device proved
      to be a simple and reliable technique and the critical stenosis level was found
      to be 40%. In cases of severe stenosis an increase in the collateral circulation
      was seen.

PMID- 6821739
TI  - Angiographic diagnosis of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the
      pulmonary artery.

PMID- 6821738
TI  - Intraperitoneal carcinomatosis: incidence of its radiographic findings and
      description of a new sign.
AB  - Forty documented cases of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis were studied to examine
      the incidence of common consistently useful radiographic signs. Twenty-four (60%)
      were radiographically positive. Ten of 19 barium enema examinations (53%)
      revealed metastatic implant(s) on the colon. This proved to be the most common
      finding of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis. Other radiographic findings included
      ascites in 14 patients (35%) and small bowel obstruction in five (13%). A new
      sign of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis termed "fixed colon" sign is discussed.
      Seven of 19 cases (37%) with lower GI series demonstrated this sign. Barium enema
      examination has a high yield in demonstrating intraperitoneal carcinomatosis.

PMID- 6821737
TI  - Anatomico-radiological study of the borderline sella.
AB  - Multidirectional thin section tomography was performed on 62 excised sphenoidal
      bones. The pituitary gland was then sectioned and examined microscopically for
      evidence of microadenoma, cellular hyperplasia or cysts. There is absolutely no
      meaningful correlation between the radiological and the histological findings.
      Minor sellar changes in the form of slight irregularity of the lamina dura,
      asymmetry of the sellar floor or thinning of the dorsum sellae may be found in
      the absence of any histopathological abnormality.

PMID- 6821740
TI  - Behavioural and ultrastructural studies of desmethylmisonidazole-induced
      neurotoxicity in mice.
AB  - The hypoxic cell radiosensitiser desmethylmisonidazole (DMM, Ro-05-9963) was
      administered orally to C3Hf female mice at three different dose levels (1.4, 1.6
      and 1.8 mg g-1 day-1). Behavioural and morphological end-points were used to
      evaluate the neurotoxicity of this compound at these doses. The behavioural
      changes present at all three dose levels appeared when the total dose approached
      approximately 19 mg g-1. The behavioural changes initially appeared and developed
      to a severe state rapidly (24 to 48 h). A pattern of haemorrhagic necrosis was
      observed in the brain stem and cerebellum, but no pathology was observed in the
      cerebrum. Peripheral nerve degeneration was also evident and appeared concurrent
      with the central pathology. DMM appears to affect both the central and peripheral
      nervous systems at the same time at these dose levels. This is in some degree
      different from previous experience with misonidazole where peripheral damage
      distinctly precedes central effects. The development of the disorder appeared to
      be more rapid and severe when compared with earlier experience with misonidazole.

PMID- 6821744
TI  - Retropharyngeal tendinitis.

PMID- 6821742
TI  - The effect of elevated temperature on the vasculature of mouse jejunum.
AB  - The effect of elevated temperature on mouse jejunal vasculature was investigated.
      Both local and lower-body heating were employed, using a hot water bath; heating
      time was kept constant at 1 hour, bath temperatures ranging from 40.0 degrees C
      to 43.0 degrees C. Animals were sacrificed after heating, the erythrocytes were
      stained with benzidine and H2O2 and the blood vessels revealed by mounting in a
      clearing resin. The earliest damage seen was the disappearance of capillaries,
      followed by loss of progressively larger vessels. Loss is interpreted as
      destruction, not merely as interruption of blood flow. A gradient of sensitivity
      occurs from the inner layer of the jejunum to the outer, the threshold heating
      temperature required to produce vascular damage being lowest at the inside.
      Neither temperature gradient, nor early release of gastric juice from the
      stomach, appears responsible for this differential response. The mean length of
      intact venous tree was employed as a parameter for assessing the damage.

PMID- 6821743
TI  - A case of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (cranio-carpotarsal dysplasia) with spatulate
      ("canoe paddle") ribs.

PMID- 6821741
TI  - Comparison of the effects of radiation and hyperthermia on prenatal retardation
      of brain growth of guinea-pigs.
AB  - On day 21 of pregnancy guinea-pigs were exposed to hyperthermia or gamma
      radiation. The effects on prenatal growth and especially brain growth of
      offspring were compared. Doses of 0.04-0.99 Gy of radiation produced a dose
      dependent and irreversible reduction of brain weight in the offspring, but had
      little effect on body weight. Treatment with hyperthermia resulting in maternal
      temperatures of 41.8-43.9 degrees C after exposure in a heated incubator for an
      hour also produced a dose-related micrencephaly in the offspring. Comparison of
      the two agents showed that a dose increment of 0.525 Gy of radiation produced a
      deficit in brain weight equivalent to an elevation of 1 degree C in maternal
      temperature. Using this guinea-pig brain weight assay system a threshold was
      detected of between 0.05 and 0.10 Gy for retardation of brain growth.

PMID- 6821745
TI  - Unusual post traumatic ossification within the intertransversarius muscle.

PMID- 6821746
TI  - Orbital metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6821747
TI  - Infundibular widening of the posterior communicating artery progressing to true
      aneurysm.

PMID- 6821748
TI  - Rapid, routine breast ultrasonoscopy for outpatients.

PMID- 6821749
TI  - Medial femoral condyle necrosis and chondrocalcinosis--a causal relationship?
AB  - The three cases of idiopathic medial femoral condyle necrosis, presenting to this
      hospital over a five-year period, are reported. All the patients also had
      chondrocalcinosis in the affected knee at the time of presentation, an
      association previously not recorded. Only one patient, however, showed evidence
      of generalised chondrocalcinosis. To date two knees have come to total knee
      replacement for aggressive degenerative disease in the medial compartment and
      genu varum. It is not certain whether chondrocalcinosis and medial femoral
      condyle necrosis are linked aetiologically; however, it would seem that the
      presence of chondrocalcinosis is an adverse prognostic indicator.

PMID- 6821751
TI  - The effect of dexamethasone on the radiation sensitivity of cultured cells.

PMID- 6821750
TI  - A cooperative study on the clinical value of dynamic renal scanning with
      deconvolution analysis.

PMID- 6821752
TI  - Dynamic peroneus tendon transfer.

PMID- 6821753
TI  - Malignant melanoma: the myth of radioresistance.

PMID- 6821754
TI  - Introduction. Canadian Association of General Surgeons Accident Injury Health
      Care Program.

PMID- 6821755
TI  - Preventable deaths in multiple trauma: review of deaths at Sunnybrook Medical
      Centre Trauma Unit.
AB  - One hundred and two patients, who have died of multiple injuries and on whom an
      autopsy was performed, have been reviewed. Injury severity was a major factor in
      the outcome and head injury played a definite role in more than half of the
      deaths. Missed diagnosis was not a major factor in the deaths. Future
      improvements will most likely be in the management of hemorrhage in patients with
      multiple injuries.

PMID- 6821756
TI  - Head injury in multiple trauma.
AB  - Head injury is a major contemporary health problem. Obviously, the best solution
      is the avoidance and prevention of accidents. The physician who treats patients
      with multiple injuries must be prepared to make an intelligent assessment of the
      neurologic injuries, to undertake the initial resuscitation and, when necessary,
      to do the definitive surgery.

PMID- 6821757
TI  - Major liver trauma.
AB  - Data are presented on nine patients in whom hepatic resection was performed for
      liver injury associated with multiple trauma. Perioperative hemodynamic
      homeostasis requires the support of the department of hematology, for supply of
      coagulation factors and platelet transfusions. Supplementary support in the
      postoperative period requires replacement of materials normally produced by the
      liver until normal liver function returns. Infection requires close attention for
      its successful management. Finally, with due regard to the attendant hematologic
      problems, we must still be prepared to perform extensive hepatic resection, if
      necessary.

PMID- 6821758
TI  - Use of myocutaneous flaps to repair defects in cases of multiple trauma.
AB  - The successful closure of soft tissue and bony defects caused by multiple trauma
      continues to present a formidable challenge to surgeons. The advent of
      myocutaneous flaps and their broadening use has given a new dimension to the
      clinical management of these patients. The excellent blood supply of these
      anatomically designed flaps allows for their transposition and coverage even of
      large defects. Increasing use of these flaps will undoubtedly lead to more rapid
      healing, fewer infections and a subsequent reduction in morbidity for patients
      with these complex problems of the trunk and extremities.

PMID- 6821760
TI  - The case against general surgery.

PMID- 6821759
TI  - Major mediastinal vascular injuries.
AB  - Surgical repair was carried out in 37 patients who had rupture of the thoracic
      aorta or major branches. The survival rate was 90% (33 of 37). Three deaths
      occurred in the acute phase, giving a survival rate of 87% (19 of 22). Two
      patients had severe coexisting brain trauma and the other had profuse
      intrathoracic hemorrhage before thoracotomy could be carried out. One death
      occurred in a chronic case (an arch aneurysm) for a survival rate of 94% (14 of
      15). A massive air embolism to the brain caused this fatal outcome. There were no
      instances of left heart failure or renal shutdown in our series. One case of
      paraplegia occurred because a shunt was inserted erroneously in the distended
      adventitia from an enormous surrounding hematoma. The distal end of the shunt was
      not in the aortic lumen so there was no distal perfusion during the period of
      aortic clamping.

PMID- 6821761
TI  - The digitus quintus, rigid stoma, 4-5 position gastroplasty.
AB  - In 55 patients a rigid stoma gastroplasty was performed. The operative technique
      is described. It includes the construction of a rigid stoma and a double line of
      staples across the stomach to give a pouch volume of 40 to 60 ml. The diameter of
      the stoma is established by a nasogastric tube and the digitus quintus of the
      assistant's hand at the level of the cuticle. A 1- to 2-year follow-up indicates
      that these stomas do not dilate but tend to decrease in diameter. Stomal stenosis
      occurred in 2 of the 55 patients studied. Weight loss was satisfactory, although
      incomplete in most patients. It is likely that the weight loss will not be as
      great as with intestinal bypass. There were no serious late postoperative
      complications. However, an appreciable number of patients had emesis early in the
      postoperative period, intolerance of red meat and constipation. It is apparent
      that a rigid stoma of constant diameter is at least as important as a small
      gastric pouch in achieving adequate and lasting weight loss. A longer follow-up
      is necessary to assess this procedure completely.

PMID- 6821762
TI  - The diagnostic dilemma of renal angiomyolipoma.
AB  - The diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma has always been difficult to make
      preoperatively. When the clinical and radiologic features are highly suggestive
      of an angiomyolipoma, the surgeon may resort to open renal frozen-section biopsy
      in an attempt to avoid unnecessary radical nephrectomy. The authors report two
      cases of renal angiomyolipoma that highlight the diagnostic problems of the
      tumour and the difficulty in differentiating it from renal adenocarcinoma. This
      is a major problem for urologists in centres where facilities for computerized
      axial tomography are unavailable.

PMID- 6821763
TI  - Lumpy breasts: normal.

PMID- 6821764
TI  - Delayed post-traumatic pneumopericardium producing acute cardiac tamponade.
AB  - Cardiac tamponade is a well-known result of fluid collection within the
      pericardial sac. That air in the pericardial sac can produce a similar clinical
      picture is not so well known. The author describes the case of a 38-year-old
      patient with acute cardiac tamponade produced by air within the pericardial sac
      after trauma.

PMID- 6821765
TI  - Traumatic subarachnoid-mediastinal fistula mimicking a ruptured aorta.
AB  - A 35-year-old man, injured in an automobile accident was found to have a
      subarachnoid-mediastinal fistula that mimicked a ruptured aorta. Of 16 reported
      cases of traumatic subarachnoid-mediastinal fistula, this is only the third in
      which the fistulous communication was with the extrapleural space only. The
      possibility of subarachnoid-mediastinal fistula, although rare, should be
      entertained in injuries to the thoracocervical spine when neurologic symptoms are
      present.

PMID- 6821767
TI  - Effect of Morphine and butorphanol on gallbladder emptying.
AB  - In the search for the most appropriate analgesic for patients with biliary tract
      and pancreatic pain, the authors compared the effect of morphine and the opiate
      agonist-antagonist butorphanol on gallbladder contraction and emptying stimulated
      by cholecystokinin octapeptide. Morphine markedly inhibited gallbladder emptying
      while butorphanol only slightly delayed it. Compared with morphine, the effect of
      butorphanol was minimal; the latter, therefore, seems to be a suitable analgesic
      for the treatment of pain of biliary tract or pancreatic origin.

PMID- 6821766
TI  - Insertion of the intra-aortic balloon through the ascending aorta and its removal
      under local anesthesia.
AB  - Recent experience indicates that the intra-aortic balloon catheter, which is
      commonly inserted percutaneously into a femoral artery, can be inserted into the
      ascending aorta, despite lack of space because of the presence of the aortic
      cannula and coronary artery bypass grafts. Insertion is simple and removal of the
      balloon catheter is carried out under local anesthesia without opening the
      sternum.

PMID- 6821770
TI  - Isolation-perfusion: a valuable alternative in managing locally recurrent and in
      transit melanoma.

PMID- 6821768
TI  - Surgical residency evaluation by residents.
AB  - A multiple-choice questionnaire was designed so that surgical residents could
      evaluate their residency program. It was answered anonymously by 344 residents,
      four times during a 2-year period, at different stages of training. The answers
      were analysed, comparing individual hospitals and individual programs within the
      department. The weaknesses and strengths of the department could be identified by
      the residents. This identification of problems has brought about major changes in
      the attitudes of staff surgeons towards teaching. The authors believe that the
      residents' opinions are essential to amend and improve the quality of
      postgraduate education.

PMID- 6821769
TI  - Management of patients with cold agglutinins who require open-heart surgery.
AB  - Cold agglutinins are commonly found in the sera of healthy persons but rarely
      become clinically important because most agglutinins exert their greatest
      reactivity at low temperatures. This report describes a patient who successfully
      underwent aortic valve replacement in the presence of cold agglutinins; it
      discusses the management of patients with cold agglutinins who undergo open-heart
      surgery with core hypothermia. Changes in the cell membrane occur when cold
      circulating antibody combines with complement and antigen present on the surface
      of the red cell membrane, causing intravascular hemolysis. Two conditions are
      necessary for the reaction to occur to any appreciable extent: there must be a
      high enough titre of cold agglutinin and the reactive thermal range must be
      attained. To avoid these conditions, the core hypothermia should not reach the
      reactive thermal range or the titre should be reduced either by the standard
      hemodilution techniques for cardiopulmonary bypass or by plasmapheresis.

PMID- 6821771
TI  - Intrapericardial teratoma: a continuing challenge.
AB  - Intrapericardial teratoma is a rare entity that presents a diagnostic and
      therapeutic challenge. The authors describe the case of an 18-month-old boy with
      this condition who was successfully managed by resection of the mass.
      Computerized axial tomography, radionuclide scanning and angiography are
      important aids in the preoperative assessment of intrapericardial masses.
      However, all are nonspecific. Definitive diagnosis can only be established by
      thoracotomy, resection and microscopic examination of the specimen. The long-term
      prognosis is good.

PMID- 6821772
TI  - Malfunction in a St. Jude medical mitral valve prosthesis: a clinical diagnostic
      dilemma.
AB  - Thrombosis of one leaflet of a St. Jude medical prosthetic mitral valve in a 49
      year-old man resulted in prosthetic malfunction causing cardiac failure. Clinical
      and echocardiographic assessment did not adequately distinguish between abnormal
      valve function and left ventricular dysfunction as the responsible lesion.
      Hemodynamic study revealed a gradient across the mitral valve and poor left
      ventricular function. At operation it was found that thrombus had caused one of
      the leaflets to stick in an almost open position. This malfunction was attributed
      to lack of adequate anticoagulation and to the impingement of a piece of
      papillary muscle on the prosthesis. A definite echocardiographic pattern for
      malfunction of the St. Jude valve has not been established. However, it is clear
      that loudness of prosthetic valve sounds cannot be used as a guide to normal
      function in a bileaflet valve.

PMID- 6821775
TI  - Two-step management of breast cancer.

PMID- 6821774
TI  - Radiation damage to large arteries.
AB  - Little is known about late changes in large arteries after radiotherapy. Much
      more is known about damage to other organs and tissues. The arterial changes
      resemble chronic, progressive atherosclerosis which may be due to a combination
      of periarterial fibrosis, direct damage to the arterial wall, occlusion of vasa
      vasorum and acceleration of naturally occurring atherosclerosis. Factors that may
      predispose to arterial occlusion that relate to radiotherapy include maximum
      tissue dose, beam energy and field size. The authors present four patients with
      axillary artery occlusion that occurred 10 to 27 years after mastectomy and
      irradiation. The axillary artery is seldom affected by segmental atherosclerotic
      occlusive disease. Hence, the cause of the occlusion was most likely the
      irradiation. All patients did well after bypass grafting.

PMID- 6821776
TI  - The dupe-licators.

PMID- 6821773
TI  - Embryonal carcinoma of the testis with metastases to the right atrium.
AB  - Metastases to the heart are rarely diagnosed before death. In this report the
      authors describe what they believe is the first case of metastasis from embryonal
      carcinoma of the testis to the heart that was successfully removed. Nine years
      after orchiectomy for embryonal carcinoma of the testis a 32-year-old man was
      found to have a right atrial tumour. The preliminary diagnosis was myxoma, but
      because of his previous testicular cancer and a metastatic deposit that had been
      found 6 years earlier, a diagnosis of cardiac metastasis seemed more likely. The
      tumour, removed from the lateral wall of the right atrium, had the same
      histologic features as the original embryonal carcinoma and the metastatic
      deposit. The patient made a smooth recovery.

PMID- 6821777
TI  - The vanishing clinician-scientist.

PMID- 6821778
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis A.

PMID- 6821779
TI  - Formaldehyde and nasal cancer mortality.

PMID- 6821780
TI  - Rickets.

PMID- 6821781
TI  - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

PMID- 6821782
TI  - Hypouricemica and malignant disease.

PMID- 6821783
TI  - Some thoughts on why women don't do breast self-examination.

PMID- 6821784
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy.
AB  - One thousand consecutive postpartum patients were interviewed by questionnaire to
      establish the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. Hand symptoms had
      been noted by 34%: 25% had had symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, 2% symptoms of
      ulnar nerve compression and 7% ill defined hand symptoms. Maternal and fetal age,
      parity and weight change did not correlate with the presence of symptoms. The
      rate of ring removal because of swelling was twice as great for the symptomatic
      women (73%) as for the asymptomatic women (36%), and the rates of pre-eclampsia,
      hypertension and edema were higher for the women with symptoms. Three quarters of
      the women had bilateral symptoms, and half of the multigravidas had had similar
      symptoms in previous pregnancies. Hand function and sleep were disturbed in 75%
      of the symptomatic women, yet only 46% of all those with symptoms mentioned their
      symptoms to their doctors; treatment was given to only 16% (35% of those who
      complained), and relief was obtained by only half of these.

PMID- 6821787
TI  - A more logical fee for service.

PMID- 6821785
TI  - Head injuries in childhood: a 2-year survey.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted of the 880 children with head injuries
      consecutively admitted to the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa
      from July 1976 to June 1978. It confirmed a boy:girl ratio of about 2:1, with a
      peak of 3.5:1 around 7 years of age. The largest number of head injuries was in
      children under 1 year of age. Injuries were most common in summer and spring, and
      most were caused by falls. The most common place for head injuries was in the
      home, but the single most common cause of injuries was bicycle accidents, which
      were responsible for 12% of all the head injuries. Skull fractures were found in
      30% of all the patients. Of the 34 patients with severe head injuries 8 (24%)
      died, 9 (26%) had a moderate residual disability and 17 (50%) made a good
      recovery. There were no other deaths, so the mortality for the entire group of
      880 patients was 0.9%.

PMID- 6821786
TI  - Pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome in pyogenic arthritis.

PMID- 6821788
TI  - Mapping death rates from chronic disease.

PMID- 6821789
TI  - Detecting breast cancer.

PMID- 6821790
TI  - Pedaller's penis.

PMID- 6821791
TI  - Localized hirsutism following Colle's fracture.

PMID- 6821792
TI  - Chlorpropamide in pregnancy and transient neonatal diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 6821793
TI  - Disopyramide and compromised ventricular function.

PMID- 6821794
TI  - Perspective. The paradox of family violence.

PMID- 6821795
TI  - Nosocomial outbreak caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella
      typhimurium acquired from dairy cattle.

PMID- 6821796
TI  - Rationing health care: where does the buck stop?

PMID- 6821797
TI  - Some thoughts about psychotherapy.

PMID- 6821798
TI  - [Socialized medicine in Sweden: a tragedy?].

PMID- 6821802
TI  - A comparison of cancer survival by time period of diagnosis in Hawaii, 1960-1974.
AB  - The authors compared the risk of dying from site-specific cancer within five
      years after diagnosis for Hawaii residents diagnosed in 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and
      1970-1974. Twelve cancer sites were analyzed with adjustments for age at
      diagnosis and ethnicity by a multivariate method. Four of these sites were
      adjusted for sex as well. The adjusted relative risk for site-specific cancer
      death was significantly greater than 1.0 (P less than 0.05) when patients
      diagnosed in 1960-1969 were compared with those diagnosed in 1970-1974 for the
      following sites: stomach, rectum (males), lung, prostate, leukemia, and lymphoma.
      The adjusted relative risk was greater than 1.0, but not significantly greater,
      for the remaining cancer sites: colon, rectum (females), liver, pancreas, breast,
      corpus uteri, and ovary. These results indicate that, for several cancer sites,
      the risk of cancer death has significantly declined in Hawaii during 1960-1974.
      However, specific reasons for this improvement in cancer prognosis were not
      determinable from the available data.

PMID- 6821800
TI  - Prognostic analysis of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions.
AB  - A total of 289 cases with malignant pleuroperitoneal effusions were reviewed, and
      their prognosis were analyzed in relation to the following factors: (1)
      chronologically divided series; (2) previous tumorectomy of the primary lesion;
      (3) presence or absence of other metastases; (4) site of effusion; (5) site of
      the primary lesion; (6) cytologic characteristics of effusion. Prognostic
      difference among each chronologically divided series was not noticed. Previous
      tumorectomy slightly improved the patient's survival. Other distant metastases
      had no significant influence on the prognosis. Pleural effusion gave better
      prognosis than peritoneal effusion. Patients of breast and lung cancer had longer
      expectancies, contrasting with those of gastric cancer. Formation of large
      clusters of cancer cells on smear preparations obtained from the tapped effusions
      was interpreted as a sign of good prognosis. Frequencies of cancer cell and
      lymphocyte occurrence on smear preparation did not have any relationship with the
      prognosis. The results showed that some factors of the patients at malignant
      effusion accumulating stage did contribute a great deal to their prognosis.

PMID- 6821799
TI  - Selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels in patients with epidermoid carcinoma
      of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
AB  - Selenium ingestion may inhibit carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies have shown
      that age-adjusted death rates for cancer at most head and neck sites are lower in
      states where the soil and forage crops contain higher levels of selenium. The
      mode of action is incompletely understood, but may be mediated through an
      increase in the activity of the selenium dependent, antioxidant enzyme
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The authors studied blood selenium levels and
      blood and tissue GSH-Px activities in 50 patients with untreated cancer of the
      oral cavity and oropharynx. Mean erythrocyte selenium and glutathione peroxidase
      were significantly depressed when compared to age-matched controls. Mean plasma
      selenium, on the other hand, was significantly elevated in the cancer patient
      group. Data from subsets within the cancer patient group were also discussed. GSH
      Px activity did not differ in tumor and adjacent normal tissue. The concept of
      chemoprevention of carcinogenesis with inhibitory chemical compounds is
      particularly apropos to head and neck cancer control. Further work is indicated
      to determine if ingestion of supplemental selenium corrects the abnormalities
      identified here, and what affect, if any, this would have on the development and
      behavior of squamous cell cancers in the upper aerodigestive tract.

PMID- 6821801
TI  - Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with mural nodule of carcinomatous
      derivation. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A case of an ovarian mucinous tumor with a mural nodule is reported. The
      epithelial elements consisted of benign, low malignant potential, and invasive
      mucinous carcinoma. The latter was present in one focus near the surface of the
      mural nodule as well as in some shallow depressed areas in the cyst wall. The
      nodule itself was made up of highly malignant, anaplastic cells which on light
      microscopic examination showed some similarities to the cells previously
      described in the sarcomatous and in some of the sarcoma-like mural nodules.
      However, analysis of light microscopic features in our case showed continuity and
      histologic similarities between the malignant mucinous cells and the sarcoma
      appearing elements in the mural nodule. Ultrastructural features also supported
      an epithelial origin of the cells within the mural nodule. This case is the first
      of its kind with light and electronmicroscopic documentation and supports an
      epithelial origin for some of the mural nodules in ovarian mucinous tumors.

PMID- 6821803
TI  - Diffuse thymic hyperplasia following chemotherapy for nodular sclerosing
      Hodgkin's disease. An immunologic rebound phenomenon?
AB  - Diffuse thymic hyperplasia following chemotherapy for nodular sclerosing
      Hodgkin's disease is reported in an 18-year-old woman. The patient's course was
      complicated by drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis and disseminated herpes zoster.
      Subsequently she developed genuine diffuse thymic hyperplasia with disappearance
      of herpes zoster and apparently complete remission of Hodgkin's disease. We
      stress that restoration of the host immune system, particularly the cell-mediated
      immunity, is essential for successful control of Hodgkin's disease and the thymic
      hyperplasia is most likely a favorable sign for it, which should not be confused
      with recurrence of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6821804
TI  - Chemical pleuritis as the cause of acute chest pain following high-dose
      methotrexate treatment.
AB  - This report describes the clinical and roentgenographic features of a pleuritis
      seen following the administration of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX). Among 210
      patients who received 3130 courses of HDMTX from 1977 through 1980, the incidence
      of this clinical entity was 8.5% (n = 18). The sudden onset of chest pain
      occurred only after the third or fourth HDMTX treatment and usually lasted
      between three and five days; the pain was often quite severe and led to extensive
      clinical examination before recognition of the benign transient nature of this
      syndrome. Roentgenographic examination of the chest revealed thickening of the
      intralobar pleura, most prominent on the right side. Our observations support the
      hypothesis that this adverse drug reaction occurs more frequently than assumed,
      but is often ignored or misinterpreted.

PMID- 6821805
TI  - Evidence for separate modes of action in thermal radiosensitization and direct
      thermal cell death.
AB  - It is not known whether heat potentiation of radiation damage and direct heat
      death are mediated by the same or by different heat lesions within the cell. In
      this study, three types of experiments were performed on BP-8 murine sarcoma
      cells to provide evidence against a common mode of action: (1)Evaluation of the
      kinetics of cell death from heat, radiation, and combined heat-radiation
      treatments: direct heat death is rapid and essentially complete within 24-48
      hours after heat exposure, whereas radiation death develops only after a delay
      period of several days. Radiosensitization by heat affects only the delayed
      component of cell death, that is, the radiation component of death. (2)Thermal
      radiosensitization and direct heat death as a function of heating time: thermal
      radiosensitization requires only short exposures to heat; prolonged heating does
      not further enhance this effect. In contrast, direct heat death increases with
      increasing duration of heat exposure. (3)Independent modification of
      radiosensitization and thermal death: addition of 5% glycerol to the incubation
      medium protects cells against direct heat death, but not against thermal
      radiosensitization. In combination, these findings suggest that heat potentiation
      of radiation lethality and direct heat death are two distinct phenomena mediated
      by different cellular mechanisms.

PMID- 6821806
TI  - Radiation therapy for primary lymphoma of bone.
AB  - The records of 30 patients with primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) who were treated
      with radiation therapy were reviewed. The probability of NED-survival and overall
      survival at five-year follow-up was 53 and 63%, respectively. There were three
      local failures following treatment. The cumulative incidence of local recurrence
      was 14% at five years. No local failures were observed when tumors received doses
      higher than 50 Gy, or equivalent to a TDF of 70 or greater. The number of
      failures was too small to examine for a correlation between histologic
      subclassification and local control frequency if doses higher than 50 Gy were
      utilized. Complications of treatment occurred in four patients. Functional
      results were excellent in all except two patients. These data provide guidelines
      for determination of a clinically appropriate radiation dose level for PLB.

PMID- 6821808
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopic photoradiation in experimentally induced canine lung
      cancer.
AB  - The potential of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of a system using
      hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and laser photoradiation for the localization
      and treatment of canine lung cancer experimentally induced in the bronchi was
      studied. Seven cases of canine invasive squamous cell carcinoma were used in this
      experiment. A dose of 2.5-3.0 mg/kg body weight HpD was administered
      intravenously in each dog forty-eight hours prior to examination for
      fluorescence. The violet light source was a krypton ion laser beam. The beam was
      transmitted via a quartz fiber inserted through the fiberoptic bronchoscope, and
      an image intensifier was used to detect the fluorescence from the bronchial foci.
      An argon dye laser was used for treatment of the foci with red light. Six of
      seven dogs with squamous cell carcinoma revealed fluorescence at the foci.
      Conversely, the bronchi of controls, consisting of normal dogs, showed no
      fluorescence. Three dogs with squamous cell carcinoma received treatment. The
      therapeutic system consisted of photoradiation with an argon dye laser beam also
      transmitted via a quartz fiber inserted through the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a
      dose of 2.5-3.0 mg/kg body weight HpD was administered intravenously 72 hours
      before the procedure. All carcinoma cases showed complete responses.

PMID- 6821807
TI  - The quality of voice in patients irradiated for laryngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Data from 150 patients with laryngeal carcinoma, consecutively treated primarily
      by radiotherapy from 1965 through 1974 was analyzed to assess the quality of
      voice. The voice appears to improve in majority of the successfully irradiated
      patients. In 76% of the evaluable patients in this group, the quality of voice
      appears to have attained normalcy or near normalcy. Smoking appears to have a
      negative influence. High incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma along with the
      negative influence of smoking on the quality of voice in this series of patients
      indicate that the patients should be advised against smoking in day-to-day
      clinical practice.

PMID- 6821810
TI  - Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project. VIII.
      Relationship of chemotherapeutic responsiveness to tumor differentiation.
AB  - The possible influence of histologic grade, necrosis and size of invasive breast
      cancers on the five year survival rate of women treated in NSABP clinical trials
      with regimens of L-PAM (P) and L-PAM + 5-FU (PF) and for four years in those
      receiving L-PAM + 5-FU + methotrexate (PMF) was investigated. Generally, all
      regimens effected an increased survival when compared to controls that did not
      receive adjuvant therapy. However, this favorable response was statistically more
      pronounced in those women whose cancers were histologically evaluated to be
      poorly differentiated (histologic grade 3) and exhibited four or more regional
      axillary nodal metastases. Patients whose cancers were associated with 1-3 nodal
      metastases were not found to exhibit statistically significant responsiveness to
      any regimen regardless of tumor grade. Possible reasons for this dichotomy are
      presented. Tumor necrosis, although paralleling the results noted with histologic
      grade, failed to further discriminate patients who might respond to
      chemotherapeutic agents. Tumor size was not found to be a consistently
      significant indicator of chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Generally, the PF and
      PMF regimens were more effective than P alone in those patients exhibiting a
      response. These findings indicate the importance of identifying subsets of
      patients with breast cancer not only from a biologic but also therapeutic
      perspective.

PMID- 6821809
TI  - Corynebacterium parvum versus BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in human malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - One-hundred and sixteen patients with Stage I and Stage II malignant melanoma
      were randomized to treatment with either Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Tice) or
      subcutaneous Corynebacterium parvum (Burroughs-Wellcome). Life table analysis
      failed to reveal a difference between these two forms of treatment in 68 Stage I
      patients. The relapse rate was significantly reduced in Stage II patients treated
      with C. parvum.

PMID- 6821811
TI  - Phase I pilot study on fast neutron teletherapy for advanced carcinomas of the
      head and neck region. Final report on local control rate and survival.
AB  - A final report is presented on the local control rate and length of survival for
      100 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region
      who received fast neutron teletherapy at the University of Washington during the
      period 1973 through 1977. Sixty-two patients were treated with neutrons alone and
      38 were treated with a combination of neutrons and photons as part of a mixed
      beam fractionation scheme. The overall initial complete remission rate was 68%
      for the mixed beam group and 44% for the group treated with neutrons alone.
      Initial complete remission rates for the two groups of patients are given as a
      function of T-stage and N-stage and acturarial curves are presented which show
      the time course of local control and survival for the two treatment groups. For
      T3 and T4 lesions the initial complete remission rate appears to be greater using
      the mixed beam form of treatment than using neutrons alone. Treatment to high
      dose levels using neutrons alone gave rise to significantly greater morbidity-
      both acute and late effects--than resulted from the mixed beam form of treatment.
      Local control rates and survival rates are compared with similar groups of
      patients treated with neutrons at other institutions.

PMID- 6821812
TI  - Vincristine, adriamycin, and mitomycin (VAM) therapy for previously treated
      breast cancer. A preliminary report.
AB  - Fifteen patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with
      chemotherapy were treated with a regimen consisting of vincristine, Adriamycin,
      and mitomycin. Eleven patients (73%) responded with three complete and eight
      partial responses. The median duration of response was eight months. While all
      four nonresponders died within five months, the median duration of survival of
      responders was 18 months. Toxicity was significant but tolerable. Thus, this
      preliminary report suggests that this regimen is active in advanced previously
      treated breast cancer, providing meaningful remissions with acceptable toxicity.

PMID- 6821815
TI  - Isoantigens A, B, H(O) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Fifty cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its metastasis in ten lymph
      nodes were studied for specific red cell adherence (SRCA) to determine if any
      loss of blood group isoantigens was present to explain some of the differences
      such as their preponderance in local Chinese population and variable
      clinicopathologic behavior. While a patchy positive SRCA was noted on the surface
      of tumor cells in all cases of NPCs, it was not so in any of their metastasis.
      The findings suggest that in NPCs a few tumor cells may be capable of partially
      retaining isoantigens, and that this is neither influenced by their histologic
      type nor in any way seems to account for the variable prognosis. While the exact
      mechanism for negative SRCA in metastatic deposits in lymph nodes is unknown, it
      is possible that metastatic tumor cells may have lost isoantigens on reaching
      lymph nodes. The remote possibility of a 'preferential discharge' of isoantigen
      free tumor cells from the primary tumor seemed unlikely in view of a mildly
      positive SRCA in all the NPCs.

PMID- 6821813
TI  - Late effects of treatment on the intelligence of children with posterior fossa
      tumors.
AB  - This retrospective pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the late effects of
      treatment on intelligence in a population of children with posterior fossa
      tumors. Ten children with posterior fossa tumors treated with radiation and
      chemotherapy received intellectual evaluations at least one year following
      diagnosis. Six children had medulloblastomas, one child had a fourth ventricular
      ependymoma, two children had brainstem gliomas, and one child had a recurrent
      cerebellar astrocytoma. Children with supratentorial tumors were specifically
      excluded from the study in order to eliminate the possible influence of the tumor
      on intellectual functioning. Four children had had intelligence testing in school
      prior to treatment of their tumor. In each case results following treatment
      revealed a deterioration of full scale IQ of at least 25 points. Six children did
      not have prior testing; of these, two had IQ's less than 20. Overall, 50% of the
      patients had IQ's of less than 80 and 20% had IQ's of greater than 100.
      Furthermore, four children with normal intelligence (IQ greater than 80) have
      learning problems requiring special classes. Thus, of the ten children evaluated,
      all have either dementia, learning disabilities, or evidence of intellectual
      retardation. This study suggests that aggressive treatment of children with brain
      tumors may improve survivals but may be associated with significant long-term
      disabilities.

PMID- 6821817
TI  - Glycoprotein-hormone alpha-chain production by pancreatic endocrine tumors: a
      specific marker for malignancy. Immunocytochemical analysis of tumors of 155
      patients.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or its alpha- and beta-subunits have been
      proposed as specific quantitative markers for malignant pancreatic endocrine
      tumors. Since proof of malignancy of pancreatic endocrine tumors is difficult
      early in the course of the illness, we tested retrospectively a series of 157
      pancreatic endocrine tumors of 155 patients for alpha- or beta-subunits of hCG by
      immunocytochemistry. Human CG-alpha-immunoreactive cells were present in 42 of 56
      (75%) functioning malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors but in only one, possibly
      benign, glucagonoma of 67 functioning benign tumors, in only one of 17
      nonfunctioning malignant and in none of 17 nonfunctioning benign tumors. No beta
      hCG-immunoreactivity was localized in the tumors. Human CG-alpha appears to be a
      reliable quantitative and qualitative marker for malignancy in functioning
      pancreatic endocrine tumors.

PMID- 6821814
TI  - Immune responses in patients with brain tumors. Factors such as anti-convulsants
      that may contribute to impaired cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The responsiveness of lymphocytes obtained from patients with brain tumors to in
      vitro stimulation with mitogenic lectins was examined. The previously reported
      finding of decreased responsiveness was confirmed. To investigate the factors
      responsible for the hyporesponsiveness, mitogen (phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed
      mitogen) induced lymphocyte activation was evaluated using lymphocytes from 22
      patients with brain tumors and 22 normal individuals. Lymphocytes from 13
      patients with brain tumors, showed depressed responsiveness when cultured in
      autologous serum; in eight this was marked and in five moderate. Normal, rather
      than autologous, serum corrected lymphocyte function from only one of the
      markedly hyporesponsive patients, suggesting the existence of an intrinsic
      lymphocyte abnormality in some patients with brain tumors. However, serum from
      the hyporesponsive patients depressed mitogen-induced activation of lymphocytes
      from both tumor patients and normals. The presence of suppressive serum factors
      could not be related to the nature of the tumor (benign versus malignant, site,
      cell type or degree of anaplasia). The present studies showed that significant
      depression of in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness occurred with exposure to two
      anti-convulsant agents (phenytoin and phenobarbital) and dexamethasone. Thus,
      impaired lymphocyte function in patients with brain tumors may have a complex
      explanation with drug (corticosteroids, anticonvulsants) induced suppression
      playing a significant role.

PMID- 6821816
TI  - Evaluation of human lymphoblastoid interferon in advanced malignant melanoma.
AB  - Seventeen patients with metastatic disease from malignant melanoma received
      treatment with injections of Human lymphoblastoid interferon. Fifteen of these
      had the drug by intramuscular injections. One started treatment by the
      intramuscular route but later proceeded with slow intravenous infusions. The
      remaining patient had interferon injected into the tumor only. With one
      exception, all patients had been pretreated with other methods for advanced
      regional or blood-borne metastases. A partial response (UICC criteria) lasting
      six months was seen in one patient who was treated with intramuscular injections
      for intransit cutaneous metastases in one leg. Human lymphoblastoid interferon
      appears to have minimal activity relating only to skin metastases in advanced and
      previously treated malignant melanoma. This activity is not superior to existing
      treatments.

PMID- 6821819
TI  - The role of myelofibrosis in malignant leukoerythroblastosis.
AB  - This study examined the relationship of bone marrow pathology to the presence of
      leukoerythroblastosis in 67 patients with biopsy-proven metastatic bone marrow
      tumor. Both extensive tumor involvement (greater than 25% of marrow space) and
      severe myelofibrosis were more common in solid tumors than lymphomas. Twenty
      eight of 45 solid tumor biopsies versus only 4/21 lymphoma biopsies showed both
      features (P less than 0.005). The presence of leukoerythroblastosis was more
      common in solid tumors than lymphomas and was associated with fibrosis but not
      tumor extent. Myelofibrosis appears to be important in the pathogenesis of
      leukoerythroblastosis.

PMID- 6821818
TI  - Abnormalities of blood coagulation in patients with cancer. Fibrinopeptide A
      generation and tumor growth.
AB  - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels have been followed sequentially in a three-year
      study of 50 patients with advanced carcinoma. Evidence for activation of blood
      coagulation was found in 26 of 43 subjects (60%) at the time of entry into the
      study. Serial FPA determinations revealed an upward trend which paralleled the
      progression of clinical disease. Persistent elevation of the FPA level suggested
      treatment failure and a poor prognosis. Anticoagulation with sodium warfarin
      significantly reduced the FPA level in subjects with cancer. Short-term
      anticoagulation with heparin decreased FPA levels in two patients with
      thromboembolic disease but failed to reduce FPA to the normal range in any of the
      three patients with cancer so tested. These data suggest that most patients with
      advanced cancer have evidence for activation of blood coagulation and suggest
      that serial FPA determinations may be useful in following tumor progression or
      response to therapy in patients with cancer.

PMID- 6821820
TI  - Malignant struma ovarii. Light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Malignant struma ovarii is a very rare tumor, consisting of a struma ovarii with
      malignant change. Only 17 examples with metastases have previously been reported.
      We present a case which involved both ovaries and produced multiple metastases.
      Microscopy and ultrastructure were identical to a mixed papillary and follicular
      carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Characteristic ultrastructural features of
      malignant struma ovarii are: microvilli on the surface and in the cytoplasmatic
      vacuoles; oncocytic transformation of cytoplasm of some cells; and presence of
      electron dense, granular and crystalline material (colloid) in the follicles and
      vacuoles. The patient's thyroid was normal. We conclude that malignant struma
      ovarii can only be diagnosed wheb a carcinoma arising in the thyroid gland can be
      excluded. Ultrastructure examination may provide useful diagnostic features
      separating malignant struma ovarii from strumal carcinoid and serous
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6821821
TI  - Histology and histogenesis of two different types of inverted urothelial
      papillomas.
AB  - Inverted papillomas are rare tumors of the lower urinary tract. Among 1829
      reclassified tumors of the urinary bladder, renal pelves, ureters, and urethra,
      there were 40 (2.2%) inverted papillomas. The great majority of these were
      localized in the bladder. Because of distinctive histologic features and patterns
      of growth it is possible to differentiate between two basic types of inverted
      papillomas which were termed "trabecular" and "glandular." The trabecular type
      consists of widely branched, anastomosing cords of urothelial cells originating
      directly from the overlying transitional epithelium. The trabeculae are arranged
      horizontally or perpendicularly to the surface epithelium and occasionally
      exhibit peripheral palisading of the cells. The glandular type is characterized
      by multiple round to oval islands of proliferated urothelial cells together with
      pseudoglandular and true glandular structures which are often still connected
      with the surface urothelium. The gland-like structures are lined by stratified
      urothelium, the true glands by mucus secreting columnar epithelium. Sometimes
      glandular metaplasia of an intestinal type with goblet cell formation could be
      observed. Inverted papillomas of the trabecular type arise histogenetically from
      a proliferation of the basal cells of the urothelium. The glandular type develops
      apparently from a proliferative cystitis cystica and glandularis which,
      therefore, should be considered a potentially preneoplastic lesion. The
      predominant view of the biological behavior of inverted papillomas is that of a
      benign neoplastic lesion. Morphologic findings supplied some arguments in favor
      of a low grade malignant potential of these tumors. However, their malignant
      transformation seemed to be much lower than that of exophytic papillomas.

PMID- 6821822
TI  - Supraclavicular node biopsy in staging of testicular carcinoma.
AB  - The supraclavicular lymph nodes are known as a potential site for metastatic
      disease of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers. The values of
      supraclavicular node biopsy in patients undergoing staging for testicular cancer
      were studied prospectively. Of 108 patients with testicular cancer undergoing
      therapy, 26 had supraclavicular node biopsy as part of their staging procedure.
      Evidence of metastatic disease to the supraclavicular nodes was found in 36%
      (10/26) of the patients. Ten of these patients had abnormal examinations of the
      supraclavicular fossa and nine of them (90%) had histologic evidence of
      metastatic disease. However, of the 16 patients with normal examination of the
      supraclavicular fossa, only one patient (6.3%) presented with clinically
      inapparent metastatic disease. The low yield for detection of clinically
      inapparent metastatic disease mitigates against indiscriminate supraclavicular
      node biopsy in the staging of testicular carcinoma.

PMID- 6821823
TI  - Phase I study of L-alanosine (NSC 15353).
AB  - L-alanosine (NSC 15353) is a newly developed antitumor antibiotic which acts as
      an inhibitor of purine intermediary metabolism. Experimental antitumor activity
      was demonstrated in a variety of murine neoplasms. A Phase I trial was undertaken
      on a daily x 5 (d x 5) schedule in 22 evaluable patients. Dose limiting toxicity
      was an oral mucositis characterized by beefy red oral, lingual and pharyngeal
      erythema. The maximum tolerated dose is 320 mg/m2/d x 5 every three weeks. The
      recommended dose for Phase II evaluation is 160 mg/m2/d x 5 every three weeks.

PMID- 6821824
TI  - Response to secondary therapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast
      previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - The response to secondary therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal, is examined in 26
      patients with adenocarcinoma of breast who failed adjuvant chemotherapy. Response
      rates to tamoxifen or combination chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate,
      and 5-FU (CMF) or Adriamycin and vincristine (AV) were similar to response rates
      reported for Stage IV patients, never exposed to cytotoxic agents. Survivals in
      these 26 patients were similar to those reported for Stage IV patients never
      exposed to cytotoxics. It is concluded that adjuvant chemotherapy does not lessen
      future response to secondary therapies or decrease survival.

PMID- 6821825
TI  - Survival of patients with localized high-grade soft tissue sarcoma with
      multimodality therapy. A matched control study.
AB  - Ten of 16 consecutive patients (63%) with Stages III-IVA soft tissue sarcoma
      presenting between 1975 and 1978 and treated with surgery, radiotherapy and
      adjuvant chemotherapy have remained disease-free with a median follow-up of three
      years (range, 28-68 months). Survival at three years was 86%. However, in the
      American Joint Committee (AJC) soft tissue sarcoma staging system published in
      1977, Grade 3 soft tissue sarcomas were associated with a three-year survival of
      35% and almost 90% of the patients destined to fail did so within three years of
      diagnosis (8). To determine if the observed improvement in survival resulted
      merely from lesions with favorable prognostic determinants at diagnosis, study
      patients were matched for stage, histologic type and location of the primary
      lesion with controls generated from these 1215 carefully reviewed sarcoma
      patients collected from the data base of the Task Force on Soft Tissue Sarcomas
      of the AJC. Only control cases whose histology had been reviewed and who had been
      treated with surgery (with or without radiotherapy) were included in the
      analysis. Cases survived significantly longer than controls at three years (p
      less than 0.001) and, in fact, disease-free survival of cases (63%) was superior
      to overall survival of controls (27%) (p less than 0.01). Our data support the
      conclusion that patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma treated by an
      experienced multimodality team have a three-year disease-free survival of
      approximately 63%. The impact of each component of multimodality therapy cannot
      be determined, and improved survival may result, in addition, from improved
      diagnostic and staging techniques currently available.

PMID- 6821826
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of mammary adenocarcinomas in the rat.
AB  - A study of 24 rats implanted in the hind leg with mammary adenocarcinomas and
      five sham-implanted rats, followed from the second to the eight week
      postimplantation, showed nuclear magnetic resonance imaging capable of detecting
      all the tumors without yielding any false-positives in the control rats. The T1
      relaxation time of tumors overlapped that of muscle, and the T2 times overlapped
      fat, but the combination was unique when comparing tumors to muscle and fat.
      Necrotic regions of the tumor and the bladder contents tended to have very long
      T1 and T2 relaxation times. The difference in relaxation time between tumors and
      muscle could be accounted for in terms of water content, which was approximately
      8% higher for the tumors. The study corroborates data from previous studies
      indicating that NMR imaging is a highly sensitive modality, although T1 and T2
      times are not exclusive indicators of malignancy.

PMID- 6821828
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. A case with an unusual clinical course with
      marked tumorous infiltration of multiple organs and striking intestinal
      involvement.
AB  - An unusual case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) with a rare clinical
      course and marked gastrointestinal involvement is reported. Two years after the
      onset of AILD, there was a dramatic alteration in the clinical picture which
      appeared to take on a malignant course. Despite the clinical course and the
      presence of macroscopic tumors in multiple sites at autopsy, there was no
      transformation to immunoblastic sarcoma. The typical histologic picture of AILD
      was still evident in all organs examined. The rarity of massive gastrointestinal
      involvement in AILD is stressed.

PMID- 6821827
TI  - Choroid plexus carcinoma. Report of a case with immunohistochemical and
      ultrastructural observations.
AB  - A choroid plexus carcinoma from the lateral ventricle of a ten-month-old boy was
      examined by light and electron microscopy. The neoplasm exhibited papillary and
      solid areas, invasion of adjacent brain, cytologic anaplasia, and necrosis. Intra
      and extracellular PAS positive droplets were present, but no pigment was
      observed. No glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected within neoplastic
      cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed irregular nuclei with large nucleoli
      and occasional intranuclear filamentous rods. Cytoplasmic organelles included a
      moderate number of free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes,
      and microtubules. In some areas, numerous mitochondria filled the cytoplasm.
      Surface specializations included zonulae adherentes, microvilli, and clusters of
      cilia with a 9 + 0 microtubular pattern. Clusters of basal bodies with prominent
      basal feet and striated rootlets were present within the cytoplasm. Normal
      choroid plexus from this patient also had 9 + 0 cilia. In contrast, choroid
      plexus papillomas from two other infants had cilia with a 9 + 2 pattern. These
      observations demonstrate that both differentiated and anaplastic choroid plexus
      neoplasms have the potential to form cilia, and that the microtubular structure
      of such cilia may deviate from the usual 9 + 2 pattern.

PMID- 6821830
TI  - Turcot's syndrome. Evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance.
AB  - A case of Turcot's syndrome (colonic polyposis plus a malignant central nervous
      system tumor) occurring in a kindred with autosomal dominant colonic polyposis is
      presented. It is proposed that Turcot's syndrome patients can be classified into
      Type I where only siblings are affected and Type II where two or more generations
      have colonic polyposis. A third nonfamilial group cannot be classified into Type
      I or II based on available information. Evidence is presented suggesting Turcot's
      syndrome is best considered an additional phenotype of familial polyposis and is
      most likely inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

PMID- 6821829
TI  - Malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary. Electron microscopic study of a case
      responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.
AB  - A patient with malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary is presented. The tumor
      responded to combined therapy with radiation plus doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide
      despite earlier failure on a single alkylating agent (levophenylalanine mustard).
      The patient next exhibited a brief response to chemotherapy with
      hexamethylmelamine + cyclophosphamide + amethopterin + 5-fluorouracil. The
      histologic findings and ultrastructure of the tumor are discussed in detail. The
      morphologic features are consistent with the proposed origin of Brenner tumors
      from coelomic epithelium through a process of secondary urothelial metaplasia.

PMID- 6821831
TI  - The coin lesion of the lung. A review of 955 resected coin lesions.
AB  - The retrospective study of 955 coin lesions of the lung showed 49% to be
      malignant. The proportion of malignant lesions increased with age. In patients
      older than 60 years of age, 65% of the lesions were malignant; in this group,
      bronchogenic carcinoma was the most frequent lesion. The delay prior to resection
      was especially pronounced in both younger patients and in patients with smaller
      lesions.

PMID- 6821832
TI  - Metastases of thin melanomas.
AB  - Although thin malignant melanomas, i.e., those less than 0.76 mm in thickness, of
      the skin generally do not metastasize, it has been recently reported that when
      histologic regression is present, such lesions may then have a greater propensity
      for dissemination. However, this was not apparent in this study in which only one
      melanoma metastasized in a consecutive series of 41 thin lesions which were step
      sectioned and had evidence of regression histologically. Possible explanations
      for this discrepancy are the failure of other authors to include only step
      sectioned specimens of the primary melanomas in their material and/or geographic
      differences in the biologic behavior of this malignant neoplasm.

PMID- 6821833
TI  - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults.
AB  - A series of 54 cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in adults were studied. The
      neoplasms were classified according to anatomic site, size, histologic pattern,
      age, and sex of the patients and modality of treatment. The major anatomic sites
      were the extremities (21 cases), genitourinary organs (13 cases) and the trunk
      (nine cases). The overall five-year survival rate was 21% but 79% of the patients
      were dead at an average time of 17 months after the primary diagnosis was made.
      On the other hand, 80% of the patients with Stage II disease (tumor size less
      than 5 cm) survived five years. In general, patients who were treated with
      surgery only or surgery and radiation or chemotherapy did much better than
      patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy only. When the rate
      of recurrences, metastasis and time of death due to spread of neoplasm was
      compared in cases diagnosed between 1950-1969 and 1970-1978, patients in the last
      nine years had fewer recurrences, less metastases and better survival than those
      who had their neoplasm diagnosed and treated between 1950 and 1969.

PMID- 6821834
TI  - Swedish agricultural workers. A group with a decreased risk of cancer.
AB  - A Cancer-Environment Registry was established in Sweden in 1978. A study of the
      register revealed that for persons engaged in agricultural work, the risk for
      most types of cancer was lower than the respective national averages. For cancer
      of the trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura, the ratio of observed to expected
      numbers of cases is 0.39 (observed 934, expected 2375). The difference is
      statistically significant. For laryngeal cancer the ratio is 0.38 (observed 94,
      expected 248), which likewise is significant. Primary cancer of the liver and
      tongue also show less than expected frequency. The risk of cancer of the lip,
      however, is greater by a factor of almost 2 than the national average, which is
      consistent with results from other studies.

PMID- 6821835
TI  - Patterns of care outcome studies. Results of the national practice in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The outcome of treatment for Hodgkin's disease has been determined for 407
      patients treated in 1973. A two-level random sampling assures that these results
      are representative of the national practice. Actuarial analysis of recurrence
      free survival at four years is: Stage IA, 80%; Stage IIA, 75%; Stage IIIA, 60%;
      combined Stages IB, IIB, and IIIB, 50%. Factors significantly associated with
      recurrence include stage, histology, age, chemotherapy, new patient load, part
      time practice, treatment technique, treatment machine, treatment simulation, work
      up score, treatment score, and facility of treatment. Major treatment
      complications by stage ranged from 4-12%; complications are significantly
      associated with disease location, patient age, and the presence of coexisting
      disease.

PMID- 6821836
TI  - Inhibition by retinoid and ovariectomy of additional primary malignancies in rats
      following surgical removal of the first mammary cancer.
AB  - Retinoids are highly effective inhibitors of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.
      This study was designed to determine the influence of retinyl acetate and
      bilateral ovariectomy on the rate of new tumor appearance when treatment is
      started at the time of removal of an animal's first mammary tumor. Fifty-day-old
      virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection of 35
      mg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea per kg body weight. When an animal's first mammary
      tumor reached a diameter of 0.5 cm it was excised and the animal was entered into
      a treatment group: (1) intact, placebo diet; (2) intact, 328 mg retinyl
      acetate/kg diet; (3) ovariectomy, placebo diet; (4) ovariectomy, 328 mg retinyl
      acetate/kg diet. New tumor incidence was reduced from 94% in Group 1 to 15% in
      Group 4. Groups 2 and 3 had an intermediate tumor response. These data indicate
      that retinyl acetate and ovariectomy are active in cancer prevention when
      treatment is began after removal of a palpable tumor, a time at which
      preneoplastic lesions are present in the mammary glands.

PMID- 6821837
TI  - A prospective study of the changes in the immune status before, during, and after
      multiple-agent chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - In a prospective study, immune status was measured in 20 previously untreated
      patients with Stage III and IV Hodgkin's disease. Assessments of immunologic
      capacity were performed at diagnosis and repeated after eventual staging
      laparotomy and after multiple-agent chemotherapy. The immune status was measured
      using delayed-type hypersensitivity tests to common recall-antigens and in vitro
      lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic lymphocytes.
      Immunoglobulin levels were determined on each point of assessment. In untreated
      patients, the disturbances in the cell-mediated immunity had no predictive value
      with respect to the chance to achieve a complete remission. During chemotherapy
      the mean value of the unstimulated culture in responders increased, whereas it
      decreased in nonresponders (P less than 0.05 between both groups). After
      treatment, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes in vitro was severely
      affected, while the reactivity to skin tests improved. Chemotherapy also reduced
      the IgM level, irrespective of the performance of splenectomy. Thirteen patients
      achieved a complete remission after chemotherapy. In this group, measurements of
      immunologic capacity were continued. The patients showing a relapse did so
      despite gradual improvement of delayed-type hypersensitivity and the lymphocyte
      responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin in vitro.

PMID- 6821838
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing
      cell line from a human carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - A human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing cell line, T3M-4, has been
      established from explant cultures of a primary human pancreatic exocrine
      adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice. The tumor had metastasized in the
      patient. The tumor obtained from metastatic lymph nodes was the initial source
      for implantation in athymic nude mice. In the primary culture, host fibroblasts
      were eliminated by the use of the antiserum raised against nude mouse cells. T3M
      4 cells have been continuously propagated in vitro during the past 26 months. The
      cells grew in a monolayered sheet with about 31 hours of population doubling
      time. The cells exhibited epithelial morphologic features resembling the
      structure of the original tumor, and they showed tumor takes when inoculated into
      athymic nude mice. Xenografts established from the cell line have retained a
      similar histology to the original tumor on serial transplantation. Chromosomal
      analysis revealed the cell line to be a human aneuploid one with a hyperdiploid
      mode. T3M-4 cells possess the characteristic function of CEA secretion in vitro
      in culture and in vivo in nude mice bearing the tumors produced by inoculation
      with the cultured cells. In view of these characteristics, T3M-4 cell line
      represents a new human pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma cell line that produces
      CEA.

PMID- 6821839
TI  - Monocyte dysfunction in human cancer.
AB  - General immunobiologic studies in cancer patients have stressed measurements of
      lymphocyte function and have commonly ignored the monocyte-macrophage system. A
      preliminary study of peripheral blood monocyte-macrophage function was undertaken
      in a group of 90 cancer patients (18 breast, 32 colon, 13 head and neck, 9 lung,
      and 18 melanoma) and 70 controls. Studies included enumeration of extractible
      monocytes (EM), quantitation of differentiation into macrophages (macrophage
      precursor test: MP), evaluation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
      (ADCC), and spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCC) as measured with human
      erythrocytes, and measurements of monocyte and serum lysozyme activity. Breast
      cancer patients had normal profiles. Colon cancer patients showed the most
      profound abnormalities with decreased EM and MP and increased ADCC and SCC.
      Patients with Stage I and Stage II melanoma had normal profiles, whereas those
      with advanced melanoma had significantly decreased MP. This defect was restored
      in two patients by BCG immunotherapy. Head and neck cancer and benign breast
      disease patients had decreased EM, whereas patients with lung cancer had
      increased EM. Monocyte lysozyme production was unchanged in the cancer patients
      compared to controls. Serum lysozyme levels, however, were significantly
      increased in patients with cancers of the colon, head and neck, and lung.
      Although patients with localized breast cancer and melanoma had normal levels,
      these were increased in both patient groups with advanced disease. It would
      appear that the source of the increased serum lysozyme is probably not the
      peripheral blood monocytes, but could have originated in the intra-tumoral or
      tissue-bound macrophages which were not examined. Selected assays of peripheral
      blood monocyte function were deranged in certain types of cancer patients but
      were fully normal in others, and did not show consistent correlations with tumor
      type or stage. Tissue-bound or intra-tumoral macrophages might provide a more
      fruitful area for study in these disease categories.

PMID- 6821840
TI  - Bladder cancer etiology. A different perspective.
AB  - The descriptive epidemiologic features of bladder cancer and lung cancer in Los
      Angeles County were studied for the period 1972-1976, using data from the Los
      Angeles County/University of Southern California Cancer Surveillance Program. The
      incidence pattern for bladder cancer was found to differ markedly from the
      pattern observed for lung cancer. As expected, the descriptive pattern for lung
      cancer closely paralleled the known epidemiology of cigarette smoking; in
      addition, it was consistent with the expected pattern of an occupationally linked
      disease. In contrast, the pattern observed for bladder cancer indicated that
      factors other than cigarette smoking and occupational exposures may be
      etiologically important. The available descriptive epidemiology of coffee
      consumption, unlike that of cigarette smoking, is consistent with the pattern of
      bladder cancer occurrence in Los Angeles. Available analytic studies on the
      association of bladder cancer and coffee consumption are consistent with a causal
      relationship.

PMID- 6821841
TI  - Association of dysgerminoma and gaucher's disease.
AB  - A 22-year-old woman presented with splenomegaly and pancytopenia of over two
      years' duration. A splenectomy was performed because of a suspicion of Gaucher's
      disease. At the time of operation a left ovarian tumor was found and was removed.
      A diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was made on the basis of massive infiltration of
      histiocytes with typical cytoplasmic striations in the spleen, liver, and bone
      marrow. The ovarian tumor was characterized by a monotonous, diffuse
      proliferation of large, rounded cells and was diagnosed as dysgerminoma. The
      association of Gaucher's disease and malignant tumors is rare, only several cases
      have been reported in the English literature. An additional feature of this case
      was the appearance of histiocytes showing the characteristic cytoplasmic
      striations of Gaucher's cells in the stroma of the tumor.

PMID- 6821842
TI  - The use of a tumor promoter for the detection of individuals with the Gardner
      syndrome.
AB  - The effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecnoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on
      the proliferation out of cultured skin fibroblasts (SF) obtained from 21
      individuals representing a single pedigree of the Gardner variant of hereditary
      adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) were analyzed. SF from both gene
      carriers and normal individuals displayed an unusual biphasic dose-response
      (concaved upward), but the latter were considerably more sensitive to the toxic
      effects of this probe at all concentrations tested. Based on the differential
      sensitivity to TPA (range, 0-100 ng/ml), a good correlation has been found in
      this study between the results, the pedigree analysis, and the clinical findings.
      Of 21 individuals examined, two were apparently false-negatives. Two other
      individuals who are currently listed as clinically asymptomatic and, who through
      pedigree analysis might presumably be disease-free, appeared strongly positive by
      the criteria. The results extend the previous observations that the measurement
      of cloning efficiency in the presence of a TPA probe provides a reliable assay to
      distinguish SF of colorectal cancer-prone persons from those of normal subjects
      within a single pedigree of the Gardner syndrome.

PMID- 6821843
TI  - Multiple myeloma. Houses and spouses.
AB  - Two families in which successive spouses who lived in the same house developed
      multiple myeloma are reported. In the first instance, a man whose first wife died
      of multiple myeloma remarried, and his second wife also developed myeloma. In the
      second family, a woman's first husband died of multiple myeloma and her second
      husband did too. Radiation studies of the houses and yards showed no increased
      radioactivity. No evidence was found for excessive exposure to chemicals or other
      environmental agents, for contact with other patients having similar
      malignancies, or for exposure to viruses or other transmissible factors. The
      significance of the occurrence of multiple myeloma in subsequent spouses is
      unknown. It is hoped that this report will stimulate research for other instances
      and lead to careful epidemiologic, radiologic, and virologic studies.

PMID- 6821844
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: current results of treatment.
AB  - One hundred-seventy-one patients with gastric adenocarcinoma seen at this medical
      center from 1972 through 1976 were reviewed. Proper TNM staging was possible in
      154 patients. The overall 5-year survival (NED) was 10% and was 20.5% in those
      patients resected for cure. The operative mortality was 13.7% with most deaths
      occurring in patients with advanced stage disease. Although operating mortality
      has decreased in the past 50 years, long-term survival has not changed
      appreciably in spite of the additional use of radiotherapy or chemotherapy either
      as adjuvant therapy or for advanced residual neoplasm. Microscopic involvement of
      margins of resection must be avoided at operation as it is nearly synonymous with
      early recurrence and death.

PMID- 6821846
TI  - Multicentric giant follicular lymph node hyperplasia. Favorable response to
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is a disease of unknown etiology in which
      two distinct histologic forms are recognized: the hyalin vascular and the plasma
      cell types. Up to the current time only a few multicentric cases have been
      described. The authors describe an unusual case of the multicentric type, which
      furthermore showed an excellent response to low dosis radiotherapy. Complete,
      lasting remission was induced and the patient became asymptomatic.

PMID- 6821845
TI  - Epitrochlear node involvement in melanoma of the upper extremity.
AB  - Between 1955 and 1979, 240 patients with melanoma of the upper extremity were
      admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Thirty nine of these
      patients (16%) had primary lesions of the forearm, hand, or digit. Twenty-two
      patients underwent axillary dissection during their treatment. Ten patients were
      subjected to both axillary and epitrochlear lymph node dissection. Nine of these
      ten patients had lymph node metastases; two in the axillary nodes only, two in
      the epitrochlear nodes only, and five in both nodal groups. Epitrochlear node
      involvement occurred in 18% of patients with forearm or hand lesions, and only
      when the primary melanoma was within 5 cm of the elbow or in the ulnar
      distribution, the classically described drainage area of the epitrochlear nodes.
      The prognosis of the patients in this study was related to the depth of their
      primary lesions and the presence or absence of axillary node involvement.
      However, since approximately 18% of patients with melanomas of the hand, forearm
      and elbow area have a high probability of recurrence in the epitrochlear nodes,
      close attention to this area and early dissection of clinically suspicious nodes
      can favorably affect locoregional control in this group of melanoma patients.

PMID- 6821847
TI  - Nutritional consequences of the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer.
AB  - Nutrition-related complications of radiotherapy were evaluated in 74 head and
      neck cancer patients. Subjective changes of mouth dryness, taste, dysphagia,
      appetite, and food preferences were determined by questionnaire before and at
      weekly intervals during curative radiotherapy. Changes in body weight during
      therapy were also recorded. In addition, 24-hour dietary histories were taken
      from eight patients at the beginning and end of treatment. Results of the study
      indicate that patients were subjectively aware of nutritional problems prior to
      therapy and that therapy exacerbated these problems. As many as 25% of the
      patients experienced oral complications such as taste loss and/or dry mouth prior
      to initiation of radiotherapy. By the end of radiotherapy, over 80% of the
      patients were aware of oral and nutritional problems. Patients had an average
      weight loss of 5 kg prior to therapy; this loss of weight did not change during
      therapy. Diet histories of eight patients indicate significant caloric
      deficiencies early and late in radiotherapy. The oral and nutritional problems
      experienced by patients, even prior to therapy, support the idea that nutritional
      evaluation and maintenance are important not only during therapy, but prior to
      radiotherapy as well. Nutritional evaluation should be made a routine, integral
      part of therapy for every cancer patient.

PMID- 6821848
TI  - Plasmapheresis in a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Improvement
      in clinical and immunologic abnormalities.
AB  - A patient with steroid resistant, allergen related angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy underwent a course of six plasmaphereses during a three-week
      period. A 75% reduction in lymph node size along with the disappearance of her
      night sweats occurred. Immunologic abnormalities prior to plasmapheresis included
      the presence of elevated levels of circulating immune complexes, high levels of
      spontaneous mononuclear cell blastogenesis and abnormal mitogen responses to
      Conconavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. Following plasmapheresis there was a
      marked reduction in immune complex levels, and return of spontaneous
      blastogenesis and mitogen responses to normal levels. Mechanisms for the
      beneficial effect seen in this patient include removal of: (1) the antigenic
      stimulus; (2) antigen antibody complexes; and (3) other humoral factors which may
      modulate lymphocyte or macrophage function. Additional studies of plasmapheresis
      are warranted in selected patients with allergen related AIL.

PMID- 6821849
TI  - Tumor and urine catecholamines (CATs) in neurogenic tumors. Correlations with
      other prognostic factors and survival.
AB  - This study was undertaken to better define the relationship between catecholamine
      (CAT) metabolism within the malignant neuroblast and other factors known to
      influence clinical outcome in neuroblastoma (NB). Several CATs and their
      metabolites were measured in 32 tumors and 47 urines from 60 newly diagnosed
      children with neurogenic tumors. Absolute and relative CAT concentrations were
      correlated with age, clinical stage, histologic differentiation and survival
      duration. The major findings are: (1) urinary CAT excretion patterns often differ
      markedly from tumor CAT patterns in the same child, which may be explained by the
      continuous nature of tumor metabolism, hepatic and renal catabolism, and sampling
      errors; (2) definite patterns of biochemical maturation are apparent in tumors
      and urines, but standard light microscopy is insufficient to correlate this with
      degree of histologic differentiation; (3) more differentiated patterns of CAT
      metabolism, both in tumor and urine, are significantly associated with age less
      than 1 year at diagnosis, and with more favorable clinical Stage (I, II, IVS).
      Tumor NE was increased relative to DM and DA, and urine NMN and VMA were
      increased relative to DM and HVA, in these patients. (4) this more differentiated
      CAT pattern in infants and in less advanced stages was reflected in their better
      survival. Greater maturity of tumor enzyme systems is the probable reason for the
      better prognosis of NB in infants less than 1 year. Individual enzymes should be
      measured in fresh tumor tissues, and related to relative and absolute CAT
      concentrations in tumor and urine, to try to categorize patients on the basis of
      clearcut biological differences when planning new treatment strategies for NB.

PMID- 6821850
TI  - LDH and melanoma.
AB  - The histories of 121 Stage II melanoma patients were reviewed to determine the
      value of monitoring serum LDH in postoperative follow-up examinations. Charts of
      58 Stage III patients who had autopsies at UCLA also were reviewed to define the
      relationship between an elevated LDH and liver metastases. The sensitivity and
      specificity of LDH as an indicator of disease recurrence were 72.1% and 97.0%,
      respectively. As an indicator of liver metastases, LDH had a sensitivity and
      specificity of 95.1% and 82.8% in the Stage II patient group and 86.5% and 57.1%
      in the Stage III autopsied group. An elevated LDH was the first indication of
      recurrent disease in 11/88 (12.5%) Stage II patients and was almost as frequent
      an indicator of recurrent disease as pulmonary metastases found on chest x-ray.
      Mean survival following elevation of LDH was 5.9 months whether or not liver
      metastases were present. Monitoring of serum LDH can provide useful information
      in the postoperative follow-up of patients with melanoma.

PMID- 6821851
TI  - Acquired pure red cell aplasia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) represents selective failure of erythropoiesis in
      the absence of abnormalities in leukopoiesis or thrombocytopoiesis. Acquired PRCA
      has occurred uncommonly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report six
      patients with non-T-cell CLL in which nine episodes of PRCA were observed. In six
      of the nine episodes, the patients had received recent oral alkylating agents;
      conversely, recovery from aplasia occurred in some while on alternate alkylator
      therapy and two patients had no pretreatment. Spontaneous occurrence and
      recovery, therefore, could not be excluded. Onset of PRCA may be suggested by
      macrocytosis, but discontinuance of therapy at its development may not prevent
      PRCA if, indeed, therapy is one of the causes. Supportive therapy or alkylators
      and prednisone permitted recovery without mortality in all six patients. The
      interval between onset of CLL and the recognition of first PRCA episode varied
      from one month to nine years (mean, 5.3 years); the duration of PRCA ranged from
      three to nine months (mean, 4.7 months). In addition to previously better
      understood causes of anemia in CLL, the uncommon occurrence of PRCA is an
      additional consideration in the differential diagnosis of sudden anemia in CLL.

PMID- 6821852
TI  - The values of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in the treatment and
      management of nonfamilial medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-one patients were studied to evaluate the prognostic value of both
      calcitonin (CT) and CEA levels determined after the initial treatment in
      medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Twenty-seven patients were evaluated three to
      nine months after initial treatment and four others afterwards. The CT and CEA
      levels were significantly higher and the survival rate lower in the eight
      patients with residual clinical disease as compared to the 19 patients in
      complete clinical remission. In patients in complete clinical remission, 11 had
      elevated CT level after treatment, and all had initial lymph node involvement.
      Five of these 11 relapsed and one died. None of the eight patients with normal CT
      levels after treatment relapsed. CEA levels were always abnormally high when
      patients relapsed. Fourteen patients in complete remission with high CT levels
      were followed for more than four years. Six had normal CEA levels and no relapse
      was observed. Eight of the 14 had pathological CEA levels and six of eight
      relapsed: five of these six patients presented CEA elevation from six to 36
      months before the clinical relapse. In two of these six patients, a venous
      catheterization sampling method demonstrated infra clinical local recurrence. In
      two patients with liver metastases, the time course changes of CT and CEA levels
      were different and CEA appeared to be a more sensitive tumor marker than CT.
      These data are consistent with previous data concerning the values and limits of
      CT level for the management of MTC. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the
      prognostic significance of CEA determination in MTC. CEA appears to be a
      sensitive selective tumor marker capable of defining a high-risk subgroup.

PMID- 6821853
TI  - Malignant tumors of the small intestine.
AB  - Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine are uncommon. The average annual
      incidence rate over a period of 30 years in Saskatchewan was 0.7 and 0.6 per
      100,000 for male and females, respectively. The 209 patients who comprise the
      series represent 1.6% of the total number who had gastrointestinal cancers over
      the same period. The distribution of the tumors by site and histologic type is
      described. Both carcinoid and adenocarcinomatous tumors of the small intestine
      are associated with a high incidence of primary malignant neoplasms in other
      sites (17.0 and 20.3%, respectively). One patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is
      of interest because of the malignant change which occurred in more than one of
      the small bowel polyps and because of consequent liver metastases. The reason for
      the poor prognosis in noncarcinoid small bowel malignant neoplasms is probably
      due to late diagnosis. The five-year disease-free survival in these tumors was
      22.5%. Malignant carcinoids had a better overall five-year survival rate of 64%.
      For those confined to the bowel wall, the five-year survival rate was 73%,
      compared to 59% for those extending to nodes or metastasizing to distant organs.

PMID- 6821855
TI  - Mapping of urothelium in carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter. A report of
      nine cases.
AB  - Complete histologic mapping of the urothelium was performed in nine surgical
      nephroureterectomy specimens. In seven patients, the primary lesion was carcinoma
      of the renal pelvis; in two, carcinoma of the ureter. In all cases, in areas
      peripheral to obvious carcinomas, there were extensive epithelial abnormalities
      akin to those previously described in mapping studies of the urinary bladder. The
      epithelial changes ranged from hyperplasia to flat carcinoma in situ. The latter
      was observed in four patients and appears to be an unfavorable prognostic sign:
      one of the four patients died of disease three months after surgery, and two
      patients developed metachronous carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Only one of
      these four patients has been free of disease for 21 months. One additional
      patient with atypical urothelium in the renal pelvis also developed a
      metachronous bladder cancer. Significant neoplastic abnormalities of the
      epithelium of the collecting ducts were observed in six of the seven cases of
      carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The study emphasizes the essential unity of the
      urothelium as a target organ for neoplastic events.

PMID- 6821854
TI  - Carcinoids: the association of histologic growth pattern and survival.
AB  - There are five generally accepted carcinoid histologic growth patterns, i.e.,
      insular, trabecular, glandular, undifferentiated, and mixed. To determine their
      possible prognostic significance, a panel of pathologists studied the growth
      patterns of 138 carcinoids collected from an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
      carcinoid advanced stage disease chemotherapy investigation. Survival times were
      measured from date of initial pathologic diagnosis of carcinoid disease to date
      of either death or last follow-up. Significant differences were observed in
      survival times between the five major growth patterns (P less than 0.001). Within
      the mixed growth pattern group, significant differences in survival time were
      also observed (P approximately 0.05). In decreasing order of median survival time
      in years, the growth patterns ranked as follows: mixed insular plus glandular,
      4.4; insular, 2.9; trabecular, 2.5; mixed insular plus trabecular, 2.3; three
      pooled low incidence rate mixed growth patterns, 1.4; glandular, 0.9; and
      undifferentiated, 0.5. Histologic growth patterns are recommended as a
      stratification factor in future studies of this disease.

PMID- 6821856
TI  - The prognostic significance of soft tissue extension in Ewing's sarcoma.
AB  - From January 1969 through December 1977, 28 patients were treated at the
      University of Florida with the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma. All patients
      received radiation therapy to the primary site and adjuvant chemotherapy
      according to several different regimens. A retrospective analysis was carried out
      to determine the prognostic significance of gross extraosseous extension by the
      primary lesion. Gross soft tissue extension at the primary site was found to be
      of prognostic importance. Patients with soft tissue extension more often
      presented with metastatic disease (39 versus 10%). The five-year survival rate
      for patients presenting without distant metastasis and whose primary lesions were
      grossly confined to bone was 87% compared to 20% for those with extraosseous
      extension. The decrease in survival with soft tissue extension resulted from an
      increase in distant metastasis as well as local failure, and was independent of
      primary site location. The proportion of patients with extraosseous extension
      should be reported in subsequent analyses of local control and survival.

PMID- 6821857
TI  - Can patients with breast cancer be cured of their disease? A sample of the M. D.
      anderson Hospital experience.
AB  - Theories concerning cures for breast cancer vary from the concept that no
      patients are cured, to the idea that the hazard to patients who have survived
      eight years is no greater than that for the population as a whole. To test these
      concepts as well as our modification of the concept of cure, we assumed that a
      proportion (P) of the population of patients is cured and have the same mortality
      experience as that for the population as a whole. The remaining proportion Q = 1 
      P experience mortality as do the population and also that due to cancer. The
      hazard rate due to cancer is assumed to be constant. When survival experience for
      the 804 female patients with breast cancer admitted during 1958 through 1960 and
      that predicted from our model are plotted, the fit is excellent, particularly for
      survivals up to 15 years. As to whether some patients with breast cancer are
      cured of their disease, the answer is yes, using our definition of cure.

PMID- 6821858
TI  - Age at first birth, parity, and breast cancer risk.
AB  - The roles of age at first full-term birth and parity as risk factors for breast
      cancer were examined as part of a large prospective cohort study of oral
      contraceptive use. Compared to women who first gave birth before age 20 years,
      women with a first birth between age 20 and 24 years had an SRR of 1.70, and
      women with first births between age 25 and 29 years and over age 29 had SRRs of
      2.19 and 3.18, respectively. Increased incidence rates of breast cancer fell with
      increasing parity, although standardization for age at first birth diminished the
      importance of the former as an independent indicator of breast cancer risk.

PMID- 6821860
TI  - Teratoma of the omentum.

PMID- 6821859
TI  - Thoracic neural crest tumors. A clinical review.
AB  - The experience of a regional children's hospital in the management of
      intrathoracic neural crest tumors over a period of 20 years is presented. Of 145
      children with neuroblastoma between 1961 and 1980 inclusive, 115 had primary
      abdominal neuroblastoma (including pelvic) with a mortality of 86%; 30 patients
      had a thoracic neuroblastoma with a mortality of 16.5% (five patients). The more
      favorable outlook in this group should imply a more cautious approach to the
      initiation of treatment regimens which have their own morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6821861
TI  - Patterns of care outcome studies. Results of the national practice in cancer of
      the cervix.
AB  - This report summarizes the national data collected by the Patterns of Care Study
      in the process and outcome of care in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix.
      Substantial variation was found from a consensus of best current management,
      although training facilities tended to score higher than nontraining on a
      compliance measure. Four year national averages for control of cervical cancer
      are: Stage I, 87%, Stage II, 66%, Stage III, 28%. Factors relating to recurrences
      include failure to use intracavitary irradiation, the type of equipment, the
      central dose, and Karnofsky Score. The presence of complications is associated
      with daily dose, lateral dose and central dose, among other factors, and was
      shown to be unacceptably high in Stage I.

PMID- 6821862
TI  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as shoulder arthritis.
AB  - Three patients with previously undiagnosed renal cell carcinoma presented with
      complaints of shoulder pain secondary to tumor metastases involving the clavicle
      or upper humerus. In two patients, bone scintigraphy and/or gallium scintigraphy
      demonstrated the primary renal lesion. One patient had been treated with anti
      inflammatory drugs and intra-articular steroid injections for presumed arthritis
      before the cause of the symptoms was recognized. Review of the literature reveals
      that renal cell carcinoma frequently metastasizes to bones of the shoulder
      girdle, and that presenting complaints may relate to osseous metastases. Careful
      evaluation should be carried out before patients with shoulder pain are treated
      for presumed arthritis.

PMID- 6821863
TI  - Concurrent radiochemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - An initial trial to determine whether the theoretical advantage of concurrent
      systemic chemotherapeutic protection and local control (by radiation) could be
      achieved has been applied to 16 patients with breast cancer (Stage 3 and 4).
      CMFP/CMF combination chemotherapy has been administered with external irradiation
      (5000 rad breast, 4000-4400 rad nodes). External irradiation was successfully
      accomplished with tangenital fields to avoid combined modality esophagitis while
      achieving internal mammary node irradiation. Six patients subsequently received
      Iridium-192 interstitial implantation. Six patients treated preoperatively (4000
      rad, breast) were able to have modified mastectomy within 3-6 weeks of completing
      radiation therapy without graft requirement or undue morbidity. Acute reactions
      during therapy included some amplification of epidermitis and myelosuppression.
      Prolongation of the radiation treatment course occurred in two patients and delay
      in chemotherapy cycles in four patients. In two patients, the leukocyte count
      nadir was below 1000 and one was hospitalized with fever. The majority of the
      patients achieved 75% of the designed chemotherapeutic doses in the ensuing year.
      Many of the patients with advanced disease were administered an Adriamycin
      containing regimen upon completion of the radiation therapy. The current results
      suggest that it would be feasible to initiate a randomized prospective study
      using these techniques to compare sequential and concomitant chemo-radiation
      therapy in primary breast cancer to determine whether there is significant
      advantage in local control and duration of NED survival in either of the
      treatment regimens.

PMID- 6821864
TI  - The predictive value of certain mammographic signs in screening for breast
      cancer.
AB  - Prospective evaluation of aggressive screening for breast cancers which are
      either 5 mm in size or, alternatively, wholly intraductal or in situ lobular, was
      performed. Twenty-one percent of all cancers were identified by the presence of
      microcalcifications; 71% of these were minimal and the predictive value of
      microcalcifications was 11.5% (+/- 1.7). The probability of cancer given a
      radiographically benign, dominant mass over 1 cm in size, palpable or not, was 2%
      (+/- 0.8) and two-thirds of these cancers were minimal. If diagnosis had not been
      established by biopsy for these benign appearing lesions six percent of all
      cancers would not have been detected. Had clinical examination been omitted from
      screening, 32 cancers (16%) would have been eliminated, 13 of which were minimal.
      However, the false-positive rate would have been halved. The range of predictive
      values, true-positive rates, and percent of minimal cancers detected are
      presented for each of several mammographic signs when clinical examination was
      either positive or negative.

PMID- 6821865
TI  - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities. XXI.
      Comparison of different radiation dose schedules alone or in combination with
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Total radiation (4500 rad) and cyclophosphamide doses (450 mg/kg or 2.7 g/m2)
      were held constant over a 24-day period in rat hepatoma 3924A using radiation
      schedules in which 1500 rad were given over a 1- to 2-day period in 1-8
      fractions, repeated at 11-day intervals, with or without cyclophosphamide.
      Reducing the rad per fraction resulted in a reduced incidence of complete tumor
      response and tumor cures, and a reduction in the magnitude of skin response. Cure
      rates were 40, 10, 0, and 0%, respectively, for the 1500, 750, 500, and 250 rad
      per fraction groups without cyclophosphamide. When the 1500, 750, 500, 375, 250,
      and 188 rad per fraction groups were given 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide day 1 after
      radiation, major increases occurred in tumor cures, with the cure rates being 80,
      80, 80, 70, 60, and 50%, respectively. The addition of cyclophosphamide did not
      significantly alter skin reaction to radiation. The higher rad per fraction
      schedules were more effective in controlling metastatic dissemination when
      radiation was used alone. The addition of cyclophosphamide markedly reduced
      metastatic dissemination in both high and low-dose per fraction schedules.
      Optimal treatment levels were estimated from analysis of fitted response
      surfaces, and the quantitative interrelationship between normal tissue reaction,
      probability of tumor cure, and associated relative hazard to the host estimated
      from the results of these analytical methods. Hyperfractionated radiation dose
      schedules with dose/fraction in the clinical range combined with cyclophosphamide
      can significantly increase the therapeutic ratio and prevent metastatic
      dissemination compared with radiation alone as a result of the increased
      effectiveness of combined modality therapy on the tumor, without a concomitant
      increase in normal tissue reaction.

PMID- 6821866
TI  - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs. A report from the intergroup Ewing's sarcoma
      study.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs have been reviewed.
      Of these, 21 had clinically localized disease at diagnosis and were entered on
      protocol IESS 7299, eight had regional and seven metastatic disease at diagnosis
      and were entered on protocol 7450. The 21 with localized disease were treated
      with surgical excision or biopsy, followed by local radiotherapy (in all but one
      patient) and randomization to one of three chemotherapy regimens. Eleven patients
      (52%) remain disease-free for periods ranging from 18 to 64 months, respectively.
      Seven of eight patients who underwent complete surgical excision of the primary
      lesion remain disease-free, compared with four of 12 (excluding one patient who
      died disease-free) who remain disease-free after partial excision or biopsy.
      However, analysis of size of tumor at diagnosis reveals that smaller primary
      tumors have a better prognosis irrespective of extent of surgery. Protocol IESS
      7450, consisted of radiotherapy to all areas of known disease and four drug
      chemotherapy. Four (50%) with regional disease but none with metastatic disease
      have remained alive and continuously disease-free. It is concluded that an
      aggressive approach to Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs is justified by the results,
      as even regional disease may be curable. The apparent prognostic advantage for
      those patients undergoing surgical excision may be explained by patient
      selection.

PMID- 6821867
TI  - Postirradiation neurofibrosarcoma.
AB  - A known risk of radiation therapy is the induction of secondary neoplasms, most
      commonly osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. A recent addition to the list of
      postirradiation neoplasms is neurofibrosarcoma, a Schwann cell or fibroblastic
      malignancy arising in peripheral nerves, often associated with von
      Recklinghausen's disease. In a clinicopathologic review of 109 patients with
      neurofibrosarcoma seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1912 to 1981, the tumors in 12
      cases were found to originate in areas that had previously been irradiated for
      benign or malignant disease. Seven of the 12 patients demonstrated stigmata of
      von Recklinghausen's disease. The mean latency period between irradiation and
      clinical presentation of the sarcoma was 15.6 years (range, 5-26 years). Eight
      patients experienced at least one recurrence; metastases were present in two, and
      nine patients died of their disease. The mean interval between initial diagnosis
      and death was 3.4 years. In summary, neurofibrosarcoma may arise secondary to
      radiation; animal studies on the effects of radiation on peripheral nerves
      support this concept. It is the authors' opinion that patients with von
      Recklinghausen's disease should not be unnecessarily irradiated, and that those
      who do receive radiation therapy should be carefully observed for the development
      of secondary neurofibrosarcoma.

PMID- 6821868
TI  - An effective low-dose mitomycin regimen for hormonal- and chemotherapy-refractory
      patients with metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Ninety evaluable metastatic breast cancer patients refractory to hormonal therapy
      and combinations of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and
      doxorubicin were treated with a low-dose mitomycin regimen, i.e., 10 mg/m2
      intravenously every 28 days. In order to minimize thrombocytopenia, dose de
      escalations related to platelet counts were made. One patient (1%) had a complete
      response and 17% had partial responses for a median duration of 4 months. The
      time to progression for the responders and stabilized patients was similar;
      however, the responders and stabilized patients lived significantly longer than
      did the progressors. Hematologic toxicity was minimized because of planned de
      escalations in mitomycin dosage. Perivenous ulceration, both immediate and
      delayed (8%), congestive heart failure (2%), and heart-renal failure with
      malignant hypertension (2%) resulted in significant morbidity, including two drug
      related deaths. Although mitomycin dosages were successfully titrated according
      to platelet counts in this group of chemotherapy-refractory patients, prolonged
      use of this drug in adjuvant or early metastatic breast cancer patients is not
      recommended because of potentially irreversible thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 6821869
TI  - Mechanisms of abnormal erythropoiesis in malignancy.
AB  - In order the investigate mechanisms of diminished red cell production in
      malignancy, we assayed erythroid progenitor cell proliferative responses to
      erythropoietin in plasma clot cultures of bone marrow cells from 34 cancer
      patients. Erythroid colony growth by marrow cells of 11 healthy donors (means of
      58 CFU-E and 19 BFU-E derived colonies/6 X 10(4) cells) was similar to that in
      cultures of cells from patients either with (means of 44 CFU-E and 22 BFU-E
      derived colonies/6 X 10(4) cells) or without (means of 50 CFU-E and 19 BFU-E
      derived colonies/6 X 10(4) cells) myelophthisis. Colony formation was normal at
      all erythropoietin concentrations tested, indicating that both the CFU-E and BFU
      E retain normal erythropoietin sensitivity in vitro. CFU-E proliferation
      correlated negatively (r = -0.56; P less than 0.001) with the level of
      hemoglobin. In contrast to marrow cell proliferative responses to erythropoietin,
      serum erythropoietin levels were inappropriately reduced in all 19 patients in
      whom they were measured, a finding which may be important in the pathogenesis of
      anemia in patients with cancer.

PMID- 6821870
TI  - Resection of pulmonary metastases from nonseminomatous testicular tumors.
      Correlation of clinical and histological features with treatment outcome.
AB  - Clinical and histological correlates of survival in patients undergoing complete
      resection of pulmonary metastases from nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma were
      determined in 25 Stage C patients aged 17-38 years treated from 1969-1978. All
      patients had orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Nineteen patients
      received combination chemotherapy before resection, and all received chemotherapy
      after resection. Three patients had four additional thoracotomies for pulmonary
      recurrence. Survival was measured from time of first thoracotomy to time of last
      followup or death. Actuarial survival for the entire group at one, two, and five
      years was 80, 63, and 59%, respectively. Median follow-up of the survivors was
      3.5 years. Patients in low tumor burden groups such as those with no tumor in
      retroperitoneal nodes, with unilateral metastases, or with single metastases had
      better prognosis, as did patients whose primary tumors were moderately well
      differentiated. Characteristics of pulmonary metastases that favorably influenced
      the prognosis were the presence of mature teratoma, presence of few mitoses, lack
      of mononuclear infiltrate, and lack of desmoplastic response. These findings
      confirm the effectiveness of multimodality therapy which includes the resection
      of pulmonary metastases for Stage C nonseminomatous carcinoma of the testes. In
      addition, they suggest that consideration should be given to the stratification
      of prospective clinical trials on the basis of tumor burden and histologic
      characteristics of the primary and metastatic lesions.

PMID- 6821871
TI  - Delayed diagnosis of endometrial cancer in Italy.
AB  - This study considers the prevalence of early bleeding in a series of 173 cases of
      endometrial cancer, with particular reference to the lag time between the onset
      of symptoms and diagnosis. The length of this interval is examined in the light
      of patients' and tumor characteristics. Findings show a general delay in
      endometrial cancer diagnosis in the population studied. In addition there was a
      significant trend towards worsening of the tumor stage, depth of myometrial
      invasion and histological differentiation with increasing delay, thus underlining
      the need for more care in detection of endometrial cancer.

PMID- 6821872
TI  - 125Iodine implants as an adjuvant to surgery and external beam radiotherapy in
      the management of locally advanced head and neck cancer.
AB  - 125Iodine seeds either individually placed or inserted into absorbable Vicryl
      suture carriers were utilized in conjunction with surgery and external beam
      radiotherapy in an attempt to increase local control rates in patients with (1)
      advanced oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancers (T3-T4, N2-N3), (2) massive
      cervical lymphadenopathy (N3) and an unknown primary site and (3) locally
      recurrent head and neck cancers. Forty-eight patients were treated with 55
      implants. The carotid artery was implanted in 15 patients, while seven patients
      had seeds inserted into the base of the skull region, and another three patients
      had implants near cranial nerves. Eighteen of the 48 patients were treated for
      cure. The actuarial survival at five years in this subgroup was 50%. The overall
      local control in the head and neck area was 58%. In this group no patients to
      date have had a local failure in the implanted volume. Seventeen patients with
      comparable stage of disease treated prior to 1974 with curative intent without
      125I implants were analyzed retrospectively for comparison with the implanted
      patients. The actuarial survival of these patients was 18% and the overall head
      and neck control was 21%. These differences are statistically significant at a P
      value of 0.01 and 0.007, respectively. Seventeen patients received implants for
      local recurrence. The local control in the head and neck area was 50%; however,
      the 2.5 year actuarial survival was only 17%. The complication rate was 11% (six
      of 55 implants). The improved survival, the high local control, and the minimal
      complication rates in this series makes the intraoperative implantation of 125I
      seeds and effective adjunctive treatment to surgery and external beam
      irradiation.

PMID- 6821873
TI  - Stage III nodular lymphomas. Preliminary results of a combined
      chemotherapy/radiotherapy program.
AB  - Since 1975, all histologic subtypes of Stage III and IIIE nodular lymphoma
      patients were treated with a combination of radiotherapy and multiple-agent
      chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine,
      prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo). Fifty-eight patients were treated through
      1979. Treatment consisted of two cycles of CHOP-Bleo alternating with sequential
      radiotherapy to clinically involved regions, and further CHOP-Bleo to a total of
      ten cycles. Radiotherapy doses ranged between 3000 and 4000 rad delivered in
      three to four weeks. Forty-six patients completed treatment. In the other 12
      patients, treatment was interrupted because of progressive disease in seven, and
      myelosuppression in five. Overall five-year survival and disease-free survival
      results were 82% and 47%, respectively. Survival for those patients who completed
      therapy was 93%. By histopathology, survivals for all patients were: poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic, 100%; mixed cell, 80%; and histiocytic, 39%. Disease
      free figures for all 58 patients were: poorly differentiated lymphocytic, 44%;
      mixed cell, 65%; and histiocytic, 35%. The extent of abdominal disease influenced
      five-year survival as follows: 100% for those who had only occult disease at
      staging laparotomy; 88% for those who were Stage III on the basis of a positive
      lymphangiogram; and 50% for those who had a palpable mass or required an
      exploratory laparotomy for symptoms. Five of seven patients with progression
      during protocol therapy have died. No patients died as a result of
      myelosuppression. A number of patients developed complications during treatment,
      none of which were fatal. Eight patients developed herpes zoster, four patients
      developed transient radiation hepatitis, and four patients had miscellaneous
      complications.

PMID- 6821874
TI  - Definitive irradiation of T1-T4N0 larynx cancer.
AB  - The use of definitive irradiation in T1-T4N0 larynx cancer was reviewed in 236
      patients at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. Recurrence
      free survival for all stages was 86% at five years. Ultimate recurrence-free
      survival, including successful surgical salvage, was 91% at five years. The data
      described herein and the literature reviewed support the recommendation for
      definitive radiation therapy for T1 and T2N0 larynx cancer of any site. T3
      lesions may also be reasonably treated with radiation therapy initially,
      reserving surgery for salvage. However, more data are needed to accurately
      identify the T3 larynx cancer patients most suited for radiation therapy.

PMID- 6821875
TI  - The scintillometric evaluation of DNA repair synthesis can be distorted by
      changes of thymidine pool radioactivity.
AB  - The induction of DNA repair synthesis by UV radiation and methylmethane
      sulphonate (MMS) in mammalian cell lines of human (EUE, HeLa, FT, KB) and hamster
      (CHO, BHK) origin has been evaluated by means of autoradiography and the
      scintillometric procedure which implied the use of hydroxyurea (HU) to suppress
      DNA replication. While with UV radiation both methods produce concordant positive
      results, in the case of MMS the evidence of DNA repair synthesis obtained from
      the autoradiograms is occasionally accompanied by a lack of increase of DNA
      radioactivity in the treated cultures, as detected by scintillation counting. In
      such instances MMS is shown to reverse the enhancement of pool radioactivity in
      the cultures incubated with HU and even to reduce the radioactivity of thymidine
      pool below control values. By normalizing DNA radioactivities on the basis of
      pool variations, the discrepancy between autoradiography and scintillation
      counting is solved. The chromatographic analysis of thymidine pool components
      justifies the normalization procedure as it demonstrates that also in cultures
      treated with MMS or MMS + HU pool variations closely parallel the variations of
      thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) level. The normalization of DNA radioactivities
      based on the overall pool radioactivities gives an improved evaluation of the
      actual rate of DNA synthesis. It can be recommended for screening studies of DNA
      repair inducers because it allows one to correct false negative results without
      producing false positive data. Compared with the dTTP levels, overall pool
      radioactivities used as normalizing factors still produce an underestimate of DNA
      repair when high doses of MMS are applied to hamster cell cultures.

PMID- 6821876
TI  - Metabolism and relative carcinogenic potency of chloroethylenes: a quantum
      chemical structure-activity study.
AB  - Properties of six chloroethylenes which could serve as indicators of their
      relative metabolic behavior and carcinogenic activity have been calculated using
      Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap (MNDO), a semiempirical, all valence
      electron, molecular orbital method. Possible pathways of transformation of parent
      compounds to acylchlorides, chloroaldehydes and epoxides--their putative ultimate
      carcinogens--were considered, and heats of formation and relative stabilities of
      intermediates were calculated. Our results indicate that carbonyl compounds could
      be formed with and without the intermediacy of epoxides, suggesting the
      possibility of more than one pathway in activation of parent compounds.
      Electronic properties of carbonyl products and epoxide carbocations, putative
      ultimate carcinogens which could serve as indicators of their relative
      electrophilicities, were also calculated. The results obtained indicated that the
      relative extent of metabolism to carbonyl products, rather than their
      electrophilicity, is a determinant of the relative carcinogenic activity of the
      parent compound. Of the various thermodynamic criteria investigated, four were
      found to be indicators of both relative metabolic behavior and carcinogenic
      activity.

PMID- 6821877
TI  - Conformational analysis of cytokinins and analogs.
AB  - The conformational energy surfaces of 12 active cytokinins and analogs are
      studied with the aid of PCILO quantum mechanical calculations. The resulting
      conformational energy maps indicate that cytokinin activity is associated with
      the ability of the above molecules to attain a specific conformation, presumably
      related to their conformation at the active site of cytokinin receptor(s). The
      calculations locate the conformational energy minima and describe the flexibility
      of the studied molecules in terms of conformational barriers and transition
      paths. An approximate relation is found between cytokinin activity and the values
      of energy barriers to transitions between certain local minima. According to this
      relation, active compounds should have rotational barriers within 4-12 kcal/mol,
      besides the known hitherto constitutional requirements for high physiological
      activity.

PMID- 6821878
TI  - Identification of 4-acetoxyaminoquinoline from the hydrolysis of 1-acetoxy-4
      acetoxyimino-1,4-dihydroquinoline, in vitro and in vivo properties.
AB  - 4-Acetoxyaminoquinoline (Ac-4-HAQ) (1) was identified as a hydrolysis product of
      1-acetoxy-4-acetoxyimino-1,4-dihydroquinoline (diAc-4-HAQO). The reaction
      allowing the obtention of (1) obeys to a reduction mechanism implying the N1-O
      cleavage. The carcinogenic properties of (1) observed by Sato et al. (Japan J.
      Exp. Med., 40 (1970) 475) in mice were studied in rats with the in vivo system we
      used previously with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline
      1-oxide (4-HAQO). In rats (1) does not covalently bind DNA. It was, therefore,
      possible to propose an interpretation of the results obtained by Enomoto et al.
      (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 136 (1971) 1206) who injected diAc-4-HAQO s.c. to
      mice and rats. Compound 1 could be responsible for the carcinogenic effects
      observed through the following pathway: (1) should be formed by hydrolysis of
      diAc-4-HAQO and reactivated by an enzymatic system to N-oxide derivative, the 4
      acetoxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide (Ac-4-HAQO), which constitutes an ultimate
      carcinogen model of 4-NQO.

PMID- 6821879
TI  - Molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of orthophenylphenol and its sodium
      salt.

PMID- 6821880
TI  - Reactions of methylnitrosourea, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide and
      acetoxyacetylaminofluorene with polyamino acids.
AB  - Radioactive methylnitrosourea, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, and N-acetoxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene were reacted with 14 different polyamino acids in vitro, to
      determine the relative reactivity of the functional groups in amino acids. All
      the carcinogens reacted preferentially with polycysteine and much less with
      polyhistidine. Reaction was also noted with polylysine, polymethionine and
      polyarginine, as well as with DNA. Epichlorohydrin and styrene oxide reacted also
      with polyserine. Methylnitrosourea and N-acetoxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene reacted
      relatively more with polyhistidine as compared with the epoxides. Polycysteine,
      polyhistidine and polylysine were more reactive towards styrene oxide at pH 8
      than at pH 6.

PMID- 6821881
TI  - TPA affects early and late stages of chemically-induced transformation in mouse
      submandibular salivary epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is a potent
      mitogen in mouse submandibular epithelial cells in vitro. Effects of TPA were
      investigated on various stages in the transformation of this cell type by the
      carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. There was no evidence of enhancement of the frequency
      of induction of foci of preneoplastic epithelial cells following a high,
      transforming dose of carcinogen, but TPA promoted this early stage in
      transformation if given at weekly intervals after a subthreshold, initiating
      exposure to carcinogen. Foci from all TPA-treated cultures appeared earlier and
      grew in size more rapidly than those induced by carcinogen alone. There was no
      evidence from these experiments, however, that foci from TPA-treated cultures
      were more likely to give rise to permanent epithelial cell lines or that these
      cell lines became tumorigenic earlier. Preliminary results showed that one out of
      two permanent, preneoplastic epithelial cell lines examined responded to the
      promoter at a late stage in transformation by showing enhanced tumorigenicity in
      syngeneic animals.

PMID- 6821882
TI  - Does the use of stained maggots present a risk of bladder cancer to coarse
      fishermen?
AB  - A case-control study in West Yorkshire has been used to investigate possible
      risks of bladder cancer amongst those fishermen who used azo-based dyestuffs to
      stain maggots or who purchased ready coloured maggots. No risks have been found,
      although the confidence limits of the estimates are wide. These data refer to
      exposures over ten years ago and it is possible recent changes in fishing
      practice, if they have occurred, are not yet assessable due to the long mean
      latency seen in bladder cancer when exposure to carcinogens is not great. This
      paper does not suggest the general use of these substances is without hazard,
      merely that no risk is associated with the study group and that the chemicals
      under study are not a major cause of bladder cancer.

PMID- 6821883
TI  - Comparison of mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in
      human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - We have studied the mutagenic efficiencies of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N
      ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in four strains of human diploid fibroblasts by
      assaying induction of resistance to thioguanine (TG). MNU was observed to be a
      very weak mutagen whereas ENU was confirmed to be extremely potent in all
      strains. Resistance to the mutagenic effects of MNU was attributed to the
      efficient manner by which human fibroblasts can remove the hypothesized
      promutagenic base, O6-methylguanine, from their DNA following methylation.

PMID- 6821884
TI  - Failure of glutathione to prevent liver cancer development in rats initiated with
      diethylnitrosamine in the resistant hepatocyte model.
AB  - This study was undertaken to observe whether the administration of reduced
      glutathione intragastrically to male Fischer 344 rats during the precancerous
      steps of liver carcinogenesis has any protective effect on the development of
      hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte nodules were induced in the liver with a
      single initiating dose of diethylnitrosamine followed by selection of resistant
      hepatocytes to generate nodules by a two week exposure to dietary 2
      acetylaminofluorene coupled with partial hepatectomy. Animals had hepatocyte
      ('hyperplastic') nodules when examined by laparotomy at three months. At that
      time, the animals were divided into two groups. One received daily intragastric
      glutathione for 8 months while the other received no further treatment. An
      additional control group received only the selecting (promoting) regimen with no
      initiator or glutathione. At 12 months, the animals receiving the initiator and
      promoter regimen had a 65% incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and those
      receiving glutathione in addition had a 71% incidence. Under these experimental
      conditions, the long term administration of glutathione appears to have no
      observable influence on liver cancer development in this model.

PMID- 6821885
TI  - Retinoids inhibit prolactin-induced development of the mammary gland in vitro.
AB  - Mouse mammary gland organ culture technique was utilized to determine the effects
      of retinoids on the prolactin-induced structural differentiation of the mammary
      gland. Thoracic glands from BALB/c mice pretreated with steroids differentiate in
      6 days into alveolar structures in presence of insulin and prolactin. All-trans
      retinoic acid and N-(-4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide inhibit prolactin-induced
      structural changes in the glands. Retinyl acetate, which is effective against
      mammary carcinogenesis in the rat, but is ineffective against mouse mammary
      carcinogenesis, failed to inhibit such proliferation. These results were
      correlated with inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in a dose
      related manner by retinoids effective in inhibiting mammary development.

PMID- 6821886
TI  - Binding to DNA of bay region and pseudo bay region diol-epoxides of
      dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene and comparison with adducts obtained with
      dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene or its dihydrodiols in the presence of microsomes.
AB  - When dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene (DBF) is incubated in vitro with mouse liver
      microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA, several metabolites bind
      covalently to DNA. The metabolite-nucleoside adducts were separated by h.p.l.c.
      after enzymatic hydrolysis. The elution profile of this chromatogram exhibits six
      main peaks, labeled from A to F in order of decreasing polarity. It was compared
      to those obtained by direct reaction of DNA with 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy 1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro DBF (the bay region diol-epoxide) or 12,13-dihydroxy 10,11-epoxy
      10,11,12,13-tetrahydro DBF (the pseudo bay region diol-epoxide). In both cases
      the retention period of the peak of the adduct was identical to that of the main
      peak E. The fluorescence spectra of these two adducts were similar to those of
      the corresponding tetrols. When DNA is reacted in the presence of microsomes with
      3,4-dihydrodihydroxy DBF, the elution profile of the adducts indicates that
      vicinal epoxidation of the dihydrodiol and direct reaction is dominant. The
      metabolic reaction with 12,13-dihydrodihydroxy DBF appears more complex as
      revealed by the observed number of adducts which correspond to vicinal
      epoxidation of dihydrodiol as well as further oxidation at other sites.

PMID- 6821887
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges induced in vivo and in vitro by chemical carcinogens
      in mouse lymphocytes carrying endogenized Moloney leukemia virus.

PMID- 6821888
TI  - Relationship between nucleic acid adduct formation and deacylation of
      arylhydroxamic acids.

PMID- 6821889
TI  - Inhibition of specific binding of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dipropionate to an epidermal
      fraction by certain irritants and irritant promoters of mouse skin.
AB  - Specific binding of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dipropionate ([3H]PDPr) to a particulate
      fraction of mouse skin is demonstrated (KD = 35 nM; Rt = 1.2 pmol/mg protein). A
      series of compounds of the diterpene ester, indole akaloid and polyacetate types
      with different degrees of activity as skin tumor promoters and/or irritants have
      been tested for their capacity to inhibit specific [3H]PDPr binding. Three main
      categories are found: (i) compounds which exhibit a positive correlation between
      their potency as irritants and promoters in vivo and their inhibition of specific
      binding in vitro: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 3-O-tetradecanoylingenol,
      pimelea factor P2, 'teleocidin', dihydroteleocidin B, and lyngbyatoxin are active
      in vivo and in vitro, whereas phorbol and ingenol are inactive and 4-O-methyl-12
      O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate is weakly active; (ii) compounds which are
      strong irritants and inhibitors of binding but are weak or practically non
      promoters: mezerein, 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate and milliamine C; (iii)
      strong irritants which are weak or marginally active inhibitors of binding:
      debromoaplysiatoxin and resiniferatoxin. Some consequences of these findings with
      respect to interpretations of the biochemical mechanism(s) of tumor promotion are
      discussed.

PMID- 6821890
TI  - Effect of enzymatic induction and inhibition on cyclophosphamide-induced sister
      chromatid exchange in vivo.
AB  - The influence of the enzymatic inducer beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and of the
      inhibitors alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) and 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2
      diphenylvalerate HCl (SKF 525-A) on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges
      (SCE) induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) was studied in vivo in C57BL/6J male
      mice. Neither inducer nor inhibitors substantially modified the SCE level induced
      by 5 or 10 mg/kg CPA. The enzymatic induction by BNF was effective as treated
      animals showed a reduced paralysis time by zoxazolamine whereas ANF appeared to
      be ineffective. The enzymatic inhibition by SKF 525-A was confirmed by a longer
      sleeping time in pentobarbital-treated mice and also by a longer paralysis in
      zoxazolamine-treated mice. The lower susceptibility to CPA-induced SCEs of
      C57BL/6J mice relative to DBA/2 strain observed in a previous work seems not to
      be simply related to Ah locus mediated metabolism.

PMID- 6821891
TI  - Co-carcinogenicity of sodium saccharin and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2
      thiazolyl]formamide for the urinary bladder.
AB  - The co-carcinogenic activity of sodium saccharin and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2
      thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) was evaluated in male Fischer rats by co
      administering them as 5% and 0.005% of the diet, respectively, for 2 years. The
      effect of simultaneous administration of two urinary bladder promoting
      substances, sodium saccharin and L-tryptophan as 5% and 2% of the diet,
      respectively, was also evaluated. Five of 16 rats administered sodium saccharin
      plus FANFT developed bladder tumors whereas none of the rats administered FANFT,
      sodium saccharin, or L-tryptophan alone, sodium saccharin plus L-tryptophan, or
      the control diet developed bladder tumors. Possible mechanisms for the co
      carcinogenic activity of sodium saccharin and FANFT are discussed.

PMID- 6821893
TI  - Habitual physical activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men with
      primary hypercholesterolemia. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary
      Prevention Trial.
AB  - The association of habitual physical activity with plasma high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total triglyceride (TG) was examined in 7106
      asymptomatic 35-59-year-old white men with primary type II hyperlipoproteinemia
      who attended the second screening visit of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary
      Primary Prevention Trial. Subjects were rated by usual level of physical activity
      at work and outside of work and the frequency of strenuous physical labor or
      exercise. By each of these three criteria, physical activity was monotonically
      related to HDL cholesterol and TG: the most physically active men had the highest
      HDL cholesterol and lowest TG levels. With respect to physical activity outside
      of work, for example, mean HDL cholesterol and TG were 46.4 and 152.1 mg/dl,
      respectively, in the most active group, and 41.4 and 186.7 mg/dl in the most
      sedentary group. Physical activity remained significantly predictive of HDL
      cholesterol and TG when other known correlates of these plasma constituents--age,
      Quetelet index, plasma total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and
      clinic--were controlled individually by two-way analyses of variance or jointly
      by analysis of covariance. The association of physical activity with very low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol was parallel to but weaker than its association
      with TG. Low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were not significantly
      related to physical activity.

PMID- 6821892
TI  - Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during
      supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil.
AB  - Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest an antiatherothrombotic potential of
      omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the Western diet, which supplies
      predominantly omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was supplemented with 40
      ml/day of cod liver oil, which provides about 10 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated
      fatty acids daily, for 25 days in eight volunteers. The omega-3 polyunsaturated
      fatty acids were incorporated in platelet and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids
      at the expense of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bleeding time increased (p
      less than 0.01) and platelet count (p less than 0.05), platelet aggregation upon
      ADP and collagen (p less than 0.01-0.05), and associated thromboxane B2 formation
      (p less than 0.01) decreased. Blood pressure (p less than 0.05) and blood
      pressure response to norepinephrine (p less than 0.01) and angiotensin II (NS)
      fell, without major changes in plasma catecholamines, renin, urinary aldosterone,
      kallikrein, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and red cell cation fluxes.
      Biochemical and functional changes were reversed 4 weeks after cod liver oil was
      discontinued. Formation of prostaglandins derived from eicosapentaenoic acid and
      interference of eicosapentaenoic acid with formation and action of prostaglandins
      derived from arachidonic acid were evident in vitro. Whatever the mechanism, this
      moderate supplement of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly changed
      membrane phospholipids, which was associated with a shift toward less reactive
      platelets and a blunted circulatory response to pressure hormones.

PMID- 6821894
TI  - Exercise-induced ischemia: the influence of altered relaxation on early diastolic
      pressures.
AB  - Left ventricular pressure (LVP) decay and early diastolic pressures were studied
      at rest and during exercise in three groups of patients. Patients in the ischemia
      group (n = 15) had coronary artery disease and developed new regional wall motion
      abnormalities documented by biplane LV cineangiography during exercise. Patients
      in the control group (n = 4) had a normal exercise response. Patients in the scar
      group (n = 5) had prior infarction, akinetic scars and no ischemia with exercise.
      Isovolumic pressure data were used to compute the time constant (T) of LVP decay
      (from the linear relation of LVP and negative dP/dt) and an extrapolated baseline
      pressure (PB) at dP/dt = 0. During exercise in the ischemia group, minimal LV
      diastolic pressure (PL) increased from 9 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than
      0.001), end-systolic volume increased from 38 +/- 7 to 55 +/- 8 ml/m2 (p less
      than 0.001) and PB rose from -10 +/- 7 to 11 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001); T
      decreased (from 55 +/- 9 to 37 +/- 8 msec, p less than 0.001), although
      inadequately, compared with the decrease in the control group (from 49 +/- 15 to
      22 +/- 2 msec, p less than 0.01). Relaxation at PL during exercise was incomplete
      in the ischemia group (2.2 +/- 0.4 T) and complete in the control group (3.8 +/-
      0.7 T, p less than 0.05). The time course of LVP fall was extrapolated from the
      isovolumic period into the passive LV filling phase. The extrapolated pressure at
      the time PL occurred (PE) rose from 0 +/- 4 to 20 +/- 7 mm Hg with ischemia (p
      less than 0.001). Thus, the characteristics of LVP decay can account for the
      elevated early diastolic pressures during ischemia. In contrast, the scar group
      maintained a low PL during exercise (11 +/- 3 to 8 +/- 3 mm Hg), even though T
      decreased inadequately (from 66 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.01),
      because PB did not shift upward. Ischemia-related pressure elevations involve
      both delayed relaxation and a pressure baseline shift. During exercise, LVP decay
      is normally adjusted to maintain low diastolic pressures; with exercise-induced
      ischemia, LVP decay is abnormal and early diastolic pressures are severely
      elevated.

PMID- 6821895
TI  - Intravenous short-term infusion of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Short-term i.v. infusion of streptokinase was performed in 93 patients within 6
      hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients
      underwent angiography in the acute phase (group A) and 52 underwent angiography
      in the fourth week only (group B); 15 patients had no angiography. Seven patients
      died during the hospital stay and six suffered nonfatal reinfarctions. There were
      no bleeding complications. In 11 of 21 group A patients, occluded coronary
      arteries were opened within 1 hour after the streptokinase infusion was started.
      In 84% of groups A and B, the infarct-related coronary artery was patent in the
      fourth week. In 75% of the patent arteries, the residual luminal diameter
      stenosis was less than 70%. According to serial serum CK-MB curves,
      recanalization was achieved mostly within 1-2 hours. Myocardial salvage was
      indicated by improvement in local contraction disorders in the recanalized group
      A patients and by the significant relationship between infarct size and time from
      symptom onset to treatment in group B. These data suggest that a high-dose, short
      term, i.v. infusion of streptokinase is a safe and efficient method of restoring
      coronary blood flow. Expeditious initiation of i.v. streptokinase infusion is a
      critical determinant for early recanalization and salvage of myocardium. Patients
      with thrombotically subtotal occlusion probably receive the most benefit.
      Evaluation of the true impact on survival and myocardial function will require
      controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 6821897
TI  - The early recognition of right ventricular infarction: diagnostic accuracy of the
      electrocardiographic V4R lead.
AB  - The sensitivity and specificity of ST-segment elevation in the right precordial
      lead V4R as an early indicator of right ventricular infarction were examined in a
      consecutive series of 110 patients admitted for acute inferior myocardial
      infarction. The sensitivity was 82.7%, the specificity 76.9% and the positive
      predictive value 70% in 58 patients with right ventricular infarction documented
      by autopsy or a combination of radionuclide ventriculography and one or more of
      the following tests: echocardiography, technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy
      and hemodynamic monitoring. The negative predictive value was 87.7%. Because of
      its simplicity and its high sensitivity and specificity, recording of V4R should
      be an intrinsic part of the early evaluation and electrocardiographic examination
      of acute inferior wall infarction.

PMID- 6821896
TI  - Relationship between myocardial infarct size and occluded bed size in the dog:
      difference between left anterior descending and circumflex coronary artery
      occlusions.

PMID- 6821898
TI  - Importance of left atrial function in patients with myocardial infarction.
AB  - Left atrial function was evaluated in patients with and without remote myocardial
      infarction. The simultaneous left atrial pressure recording and left atrial and
      left ventricular cineangiograms were obtained with a catheter-tip micromanometer.
      The pressure-volume curve of the left atrium was composed of an A-loop and a V
      loop. The ratio of active atrial emptying to left ventricular stroke volume in
      patients with myocardial infarction was significantly larger than that in normal
      subjects (42 +/- 12% vs 29 +/- 10%, p less than 0.05). The left atrial work was
      also significantly greater in patients with myocardial infarction (1690 +/- 717
      mm Hg X ml) than in normal subjects (940 +/- 426 mm Hg X ml, p less than 0.05).
      The ratio of active atrial emptying to left ventricular stroke volume and left
      atrial work were significantly related in both normal subjects and patients with
      myocardial infarction (gamma = 0.72, p less than 0.01). The left ventricular
      ejection fraction correlated inversely with left atrial work (gamma = -0.5, p
      less than 0.05). Left atrial work also showed a significant linear correlation
      with left atrial volume before active atrial emptying (gamma = 0.82, p less than
      0.01). We conclude that the left atrial contribution to left ventricular function
      is increased in patients with remote myocardial infarction. This left atrial
      contribution to the left ventricle is attributed to the Frank-Starling mechanism
      in the left atrium.

PMID- 6821899
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the idiopathic hypereosinophilic
      syndrome. Anatomic basis of mitral regurgitation and peripheral embolization.
AB  - Important cardiac manifestations in the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
      include mitral regurgitation and peripheral embolization. To determine the
      anatomic basis of these abnormalities, real-time, wide-angle, two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed in 21 patients with the
      hypereosinophilic syndrome. Nine patients (43%) had clinical evidence of mitral
      regurgitation, and each had localized thickening of the posterobasal left
      ventricular wall behind the posterior mitral leaflet and absent (seven patients)
      or diminished (two patients) motion of the posterior leaflet. Anatomic
      observations at operation or necropsy in four patients with mitral regurgitation
      demonstrated that the echocardiographic abnormalities resulted from posterior
      mitral leaflet thickening and adherence of the leaflet to the underlying mural
      endocardium of the posterobasal wall. On 2-D echo, each of the six patients with
      peripheral emboli had either apical left ventricular echo-dense targets
      consistent with thrombus or thickening of the posterobasal wall of the left
      ventricle, and these findings were validated at autopsy or operation in three
      patients. Hence, in patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome, 2-D echo is
      useful in identifying the probable etiology of two important cardiac
      manifestations. Thickening of the posterobasal wall is usually associated with
      impairment of posterior mitral leaflet function, resulting in mitral
      regurgitation. Because the hypereosinophilic syndrome is associated with
      peripheral embolization, thrombus formation and subsequent endocardial scarring,
      the noninvasive identification of intracavitary ventricular thrombi may be
      important.

PMID- 6821900
TI  - Quantification of left ventricular volumes by two-dimensional echocardiography: a
      simplified and accurate approach.

PMID- 6821901
TI  - Myocardial contrast echocardiography: a reproducible technique of myocardial
      opacification for identifying regional perfusion deficits.
AB  - The effects and reliability of a simple method of contrast two-dimensional
      echocardiographic delineation of myocardium after intracoronary injections were
      evaluated in closed-chest dogs. Multiple injections of an agitated saline
      Renografin (meglumine diatrizoate) mixture (3:2 ratio, 2-ml bolus) into the left
      main coronary artery as well as at different sites of the left anterior
      descending and circumflex coronary arteries were studied in several short-axis
      and long-axis cross sections of the left ventricle. These contrast injections
      opacified specific regions of left ventricular myocardium depending on the site
      of injection. Contrast injection into the left main coronary artery provided a
      clear, echo-free outline (negative contrast) of underperfused myocardium distal
      to the coronary occlusion. Reproducibility studies of the extent of involved
      zones measured in echocardiographic cross sections indicated high intra- and
      interobserver correlation coefficients (r = 0.97 and 0.97). The effects of the
      intracoronary injection of contrast material appeared minor and brief. ECG ST-T
      changes lasted 49.4 +/- 36.7 seconds, aortic systolic pressure was reduced by 7.6
      +/- 4.4% for 18.9 +/- 4.8 seconds, and the peak rate of left ventricular pressure
      rise decreased by 14.3 +/- 2.6%, but returned to control levels within 19.4 +/-
      6.1 seconds. The zone of left ventricular asynergy after coronary occlusions was
      also delineated by cross-sectional echocardiography and corresponded to the
      contrast-outlined underperfused zone (negative contrast). This new intracoronary
      echocardiographic technique has only minor hemodynamic consequences and provides
      reliable quantitation of underperfused and dysfunctioning zones after
      experimental coronary occlusions. Further investigation and validation of this
      method may provide useful characterization of the extent and severity of
      myocardial ischemia and infarction.

PMID- 6821902
TI  - Noninvasive Doppler determination of cardiac output in man. Clinical validation.
AB  - A noninvasive technique for assessing cardiac output (CO) was evaluated by
      comparing it with thermodilution determinations in patients in the intensive care
      unit. The new method uses pulsed ultrasound to measure aortic diameter and
      continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to obtain aortic blood velocity. An initial
      study evaluating just the velocity measurement showed that changes of the Doppler
      index of output (DI) correlated well with those of thermodilution cardiac output
      (TDCO). Linear regression analysis yielded delta DI = 0.87 delta TDCO + 0.14 (r =
      0.83, n = 95). Using a university research instrument these measurements were
      possible in 54 of 60 patients (90%). A second study using a prototype commercial
      device incorporated the diameter measurement. Ultrasonic cardiac output (UCO),
      calculated as the time integral of velocity multiplied by the aortic area, was
      compared to TDCO. The data, obtained from 45 of 53 patients (85%), are described
      by the linear regression UCO = 0.95TDCO + 0.38 (r = 0.94, n = 110) over a range
      of 2-11 l/min. Patients with aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency or a
      prosthetic valve have been excluded from the second study due to conditions
      likely to violate the assumptions upon which the calculation of absolute cardiac
      output is based. These results indicate that accurate CO can be measured by
      noninvasive ultrasound in most patients. The technique may be useful for extended
      CO monitoring in acute care patients and for CO assessment in many other types of
      patients undergoing diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 6821903
TI  - Hemodynamic, hormonal and electrolyte responses to prenalterol infusion in heart
      failure.
AB  - The hemodynamic, hormonal and electrolyte effects of prenalterol, a synthetic
      selective beta 1 agonist, were studied in six patients with New York Heart
      Association functional class II and III heart failure. Prenalterol was infused
      incrementally at 60, 120 and 240 nmol/min, each rate for 24 hours, producing
      steady-state plasma prenalterol levels of 52 +/- 3, 121 +/- 6 and 194 +/- 9
      nmol/1, respectively (mean +/- SEM). Hemodynamic and hormonal measurements were
      performed before, during and after prenalterol administration under conditions of
      constant body posture and a regulated intake of dietary sodium and potassium.
      Prenalterol induced a statistically significant increase in cardiac index (from
      2.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.3 1/min/m2), with parallel increases in stroke index
      (from 28 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 2 ml/beat/m2). Forearm blood flow measurements increased
      (from 2.9 +/- 0.5 to 4.1 +/- 0.6 ml/min/100 g), while calculated systemic
      vascular resistance fell, as did pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 13.7 +/
      1.6 to 10.5 +/- 1.7 mm Hg). The drug did not alter heart rate, arterial
      pressure, right heart pressures or the frequency of ventricular premature beats.
      Prenalterol increased plasma renin activity (from 2.9 +/- 0.8 to 6.6 +/- 1.8
      nmol/1/hour), angiotensin II (from 59 +/- 12 to 89 +/- 22 pmol/1), urinary
      aldosterone excretion (from 41 +/- 10 to 78 +/- 34 nmol/day) and plasma insulin
      (from 10.6 +/- 2.2 to 19.8 +/- 3.9 mU/1). Circulating catecholamines, cortisol,
      glucose, glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide did not change. Dose-response studies
      in five patients showed dose-dependent increments in hemodynamic variables, while
      hormonal changes plateaued at the second dose level. We conclude that prenalterol
      infusion augments myocardial contractility, reduces systemic vascular resistance,
      and stimulates insulin release and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

PMID- 6821905
TI  - Late sudden death after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Retrospective analysis was performed to determine the likely cause of death in
      six patients who died suddenly 1-9 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The
      integrity of the atrioventricular conduction system and myocardium was examined
      in three hearts at necropsy. Two of three patients who complained of palpitation
      or syncope had frequent premature ventricular complexes on routine ECGs. All the
      patients had complete right bundle branch block and one had left-axis deviation
      after repair. Postoperative cardiac catheterization (four patients) showed no
      residual ventricular septal defects, but right ventricular pressure was elevated
      in all. At necropsy, the atrioventricular conduction tissue was related to the
      margin of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in two patients, but was well
      posterior in one patient with an infundibular muscular defect. Histologic
      examination showed that in all cases the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular
      bundle and left bundle branch were undamaged. There was, however, extensive
      fibrosis of the right ventricular myocardium in the ventriculotomy site (three
      patients), septum (one patient) and outflow tract (one patient). These clinical
      and necropsy findings suggest that ventricular arrhythmia rather than
      atrioventricular block was responsible for sudden death in these patients after
      repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 6821906
TI  - The myxomatous mitral valve and sudden death.
AB  - The clincopathologic features of 14 cases of sudden death attributable to
      dysrhythmias associated with the myxomatous mitral valve are described. The
      patients were 14-59 years old (mean 27 +/- 11 years). Eleven were female and
      three male. Of the seven ECGs available, none showed prolongation of the QT
      interval, but two showed repolarization abnormalities. The material was
      classified according to the degree of prolapse in the pathologic specimen. When
      obvious prolapse was found, the expected auscultatory findings had been
      documented. In three cases there was minimal prolapse, casting some doubt on the
      hypothesis that traction on the papillary muscles or diastolic dumping of the
      leaflets may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the dysrhythmias. In one of the
      cases with minimal prolapse there was a strong family history of sudden death.
      Endocardial friction lesions were present in 11 cases, including two of the three
      with minimal prolapse. In five cases there was a thrombotic lesion in the angle
      between the posterior leaflet and the left atrial wall containing fibrin and
      platelets. These abnormalities may be important in the pathogenesis of the
      ventricular dysrhythmias.

PMID- 6821904
TI  - Combined hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in cardiogenic shock.
AB  - In eight mechanically ventilated patients in cardiogenic shock, we assessed the
      hemodynamic effects of an infusion of dopamine and dobutamine and evaluated its
      role in preventing the deleterious effects of administering each amine alone.
      Each patient received three infusions in a randomly assigned order: dopamine, 15
      micrograms/kg/min; dobutamine, 15 micrograms/kg/min; and a combination of
      dopamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min, and dobutamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min. Stroke
      volume index increased similarly with the three infusions, but dopamine alone
      increased oxygen consumption (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine alone and dopamine
      dobutamine combined). The dopamine-dobutamine combination increased mean arterial
      pressure (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine), maintained pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure within normal limits (p less than vs dopamine), and prevented the
      worsening of hypoxemia induced by dopamine (p less than 0.05). The dopamine
      dobutamine combination appears to be useful in the management of mechanically
      ventilated patients in cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 6821907
TI  - Diastolic "locking" of the mitral valve: the importance of atrial systole and
      intraventricular volume.
AB  - Diastolic mitral valve "locking," defined as sustained diastolic closure of the
      mitral valve after atrial systole, was investigated by simultaneous hemodynamic
      and echocardiographic recordings during a protocol of programmed pacing in six
      dogs with surgically induced atrioventricular block. Atrial extrasystoles were
      introduced at progressively increasing coupling intervals during programmed
      prolonged pauses in ventricular pacing. As the coupling interval of the atrial
      extrasystole was increased, both the mitral reopening time (MRT) and the
      calculated left ventricular volume (LVV) at the end of the MRT increased
      proportionally. These interrelations could be best expressed by a general
      logarithmic function of the form y = a + b ln (x), where x = the coupling
      interval of the atrial extrasystole and y = the MRT or the LVV. Correlations
      between the measured data and the predicted data were excellent (r greater than
      or equal to 0.95). In each dog, a specific LVV had to be attained to allow a
      diastolic "locking" of the mitral valve. Atrial standstill and atrial
      fibrillation were also induced in each dog to study the relative role of atrial
      systole in locking of the mitral valve. During either atrial standstill or atrial
      fibrillation, the mitral valve closed transiently, but did not lock, despite the
      accumulation of a LVV larger than the LVV necessary to lock the valve during
      sinus rhythm. Thus, diastolic locking of the mitral valve has several
      determinants, including the presence of active atrial systole and the
      accumulation of a sufficient intraventricular volume.

PMID- 6821908
TI  - Extent of atrial participation in atrioventricular-reciprocating tachycardia.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with atrioventricular (AV) bypass tracts underwent
      electrophysiologic studies. The bypass tract was left-sided in 15 patients,
      septal in five and right-sided in one patient. Orthodromic AV-reciprocating
      tachycardia was induced in all 21 patients, with a mean tachycardia cycle length
      of 342 +/- 59 msec. The introduction of single stimuli in the high right atrium
      during tachycardia resulted in simultaneous dissociation of the high right atrial
      and low septal atrial electrograms in nine patients. In six patients, high right
      atrial overdrive pacing during tachycardia resulted in simultaneous dissociation
      of the high right atrial and low septal atrial electrograms for two to five
      consecutive beats. All patients in whom the low septal atrial electrogram was
      dissociated from the tachycardia had a left-sided bypass tract. In no patient was
      the coronary sinus atrial electrogram dissociated from the tachycardia by high
      right atrial pacing. Dissociation of the low septal atrial electrogram (as
      recorded in the His bundle electrogram) from AV-reciprocating tachycardia
      suggests that the portion of the right atrium adjacent to the AV node may not be
      a necessary link in the tachycardia circuit. This observation suggests that the
      site of entry of left-sided impulses into the AV node may be different from that
      of right-sided impulses.

PMID- 6821909
TI  - Atrioventricular nodal conduction and refractoriness after intranodal collision
      from antegrade and retrograde impulses.

PMID- 6821910
TI  - Comparison of total body surface map depolarization patterns of left bundle
      branch block and normal axis with left bundle branch block and left-axis
      deviation.
AB  - Total body surface maps from 15 subjects with left bundle branch block and normal
      axis (LBBB-NA) and 10 subjects with left bundle branch block and left axis (LBBB
      LA) were analyzed and compared with maps from normal subjects. In 19 of the 25
      subjects with LBBB, the timing of early upper sternal positivity was similar to
      that of normal subjects, indicative of timely but oppositely directed septal
      activation. The right ventricular breakthrough was normally located in all, but
      was earlier after the onset of QRS than expected in some. The initial portion of
      the positivity produced by left ventricular activation was located in the upper
      anterior chest in both LBBB-NA and LBBB-LA, but its onset was generally delayed
      compared with that in normal subjects, presumably because of the time taken by
      the right-to-left septal activation. Also, the total duration of this positivity
      was longer than in normal subjects and extended considerably beyond 90 msec,
      indicating prolonged activation of the anterior free wall of the left ventricle.
      In LBBB-NA, this upper anterior positivity remained anterior throughout
      depolarization, but in LBBB-LA it moved toward the left shoulder and the left
      upper back, presumably due to the posterior orientation of the terminal portion
      of depolarization. This terminal orientation in patients with LBBB-LA was thought
      to be due to the additional delay in the activation of the anterobasal portion of
      the left ventricle caused by selective involvement of the left anterior fascicle.

PMID- 6821911
TI  - Body surface electrocardiographic mapping in inferior myocardial infarction.
      Manifestation of left and right ventricular involvement.

PMID- 6821913
TI  - Catecholamine-dependent atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
AB  - An unusual case of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia precipitated by
      ethanol ingestion is presented. Programmed atrial and ventricular stimulation
      failed to induce the tachycardia during control conditions or after atropine
      administration. This failure to induce tachycardia was related to the absence of
      ventriculoatrial conduction. A low-dose isoproterenol infusion allowed induction
      of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia by the enhancement of
      ventriculoatrial conduction. This report suggests that programmed stimulation
      during isoproterenol infusion can be used to induce paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia in suspected cases in whom induction during control conditions or
      after atropine administration is not possible.

PMID- 6821912
TI  - Bundle branch reentry: a possible mechanism of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in three patients suffering from
      attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia with wide QRS complexes. Two patients had
      atrioventricular dissociation. The arrhythmia could be initiated and terminated
      by premature ventricular stimulation in all three patients. One patient developed
      the arrhythmia after rapid atrial stimulation. In each subject, the QRS complexes
      during tachycardia were identical to recorded supraventricular beats (left bundle
      branch block pattern in two cases and right bundle branch block pattern in one).
      A His bundle potential was noted before the QRS complex; the HV interval was
      equal to or longer than that of the sinus beats. The following observations
      suggested the presence of a bundle branch reentry mechanism: (1) the relationship
      between bundle branch block development and tachycardia initiation; (2) the
      occurrence of tachycardia after electrically induced His-Purkinje reentry; (3)
      the ability of premature ventricular stimulation during tachycardia to advance
      the timing of the His deflection and QRS complex, with an unchanged or slightly
      increased HV interval; and (4) the termination of arrhythmia by premature
      ventricular depolarization blocked within the bundle branch system. Our results
      support the idea that bundle branch reentry can play a role in the genesis of
      ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6821914
TI  - Antegrade slow bypass conduction after closed-chest ablation of the His bundle in
      permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia.
AB  - A case of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in a 36-year-old woman
      successfully treated with closed-chest interruption of the His bundle is
      reported. Tachycardia had lasted for 14 years and showed a retrograde P wave (P')
      and RP' longer than PR' interval. The tachycardia used an anomalous pathway with
      a long conduction time in the retrograde direction. The atrial end of the
      anomalous pathway was located near the coronary sinus orifice. His ablation was
      accomplished by delivering a direct-current shock from a cardioversion unit to
      the nodal-His zone by means of a conventional electrode catheter percutaneously
      introduced via the femoral vein. Two shocks were necessary to obtain the desired
      results. After the procedure, complete atrioventricular block below the His
      bundle was induced, while antegrade conduction was assured through the anomalous
      pathway that showed decremental properties. During 7 months of follow-up, stable
      sinus rhythm with a long PR interval has been observed; the patient has remained
      free from tachycardia. Furthermore, she is not pacemaker-dependent and requires
      no cardioactive medication. This case demonstrates the therapeutic value of
      closed-chest ablation of the His bundle in a patient with permanent junctional
      reciprocating tachycardia, as well as demonstrating for the first time that the
      underlying accessory pathway is capable, in some instances, of antegrade
      conduction.

PMID- 6821915
TI  - Transient collateral augmentation during coronary arterial spasm associated with
      ST-segment depression.
AB  - To examine the possible existence of collateral circulation during coronary
      artery spasm, we attempted to visualize the transient appearance of collateral
      vessels that could serve to salvage otherwise jeopardized ischemic areas. In
      three patients with vasospastic angina, total spastic obstruction of a major
      coronary artery was associated with transient collateral augmentation, which was
      supplied by the nonspastic artery during anginal period associated with ST
      segment depression. These collateral vessels disappeared when the angina and ST
      changes resolved after nitroglycerin administration. These findings suggest that
      the collateral blood supply could transiently occur through preexisting vessels
      to perfuse the ischemic area during coronary artery spasm and that such
      collateral flow could have a role in preventing transmural myocardial ischemia,
      resulting in a lesser degree of ischemia associated with ST-segment depression.

PMID- 6821919
TI  - Digoxin-verapamil interaction--is it mutual?

PMID- 6821920
TI  - QT interval and SIDS.

PMID- 6821916
TI  - Pulmonic regurgitation due to valvular tophi.
AB  - Documented cardiac tophi are rare and have not previously been reported to cause
      clinically manifest valvular disease. A 31-year-old male with complex cyanotic
      congenital heart disease (Taussig-Bing anomaly) and secondary tophaceous gouty
      arthritis is described. Terminally, he presented with clinical evidence of a
      brain abscess and a new semilunar regurgitant murmur. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography suggested vegetative lesions as the cause of the murmur. The
      patient was treated for infective endocarditis. At autopsy, the cause of the
      semilunar regurgitant murmur was shown to be sterile tophi located along the line
      of pulmonary valvular coaptation. Tophaceous deposits were also present in the
      mitral valve.

PMID- 6821917
TI  - Prognostic value of exercise testing and catheterization in post-MI patients.

PMID- 6821918
TI  - RV compression versus transient RV free wall collapse in diagnosing cardiac
      tamponade.

PMID- 6821921
TI  - Critical pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum.

PMID- 6821922
TI  - Size and motion of the tricuspid annulus.

PMID- 6821923
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of newer synthetic-substrates methods for assessing
      coagulation variables: a critical overview.
AB  - With the introduction of synthetic substrates, many newer methods have been
      developed for testing coagulation parameters. Some of these methods are used in
      clinical settings, and many have been evaluated for their diagnostic efficacy in
      various coagulation disorders. Clinical chemistry laboratory instrumentation has
      been used to accommodate these methods. Commercially available kits for
      antithrombin III, heparin, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and factor X are
      used by many laboratories. Individual reagents have also become available and are
      being used to develop assays for routine diagnostic use. The development of
      suitable standards is rapidly underway, and their availability will facilitate
      adoption of these methods by hospital laboratories. Many of the synthetic
      substrate-based assays that have been introduced for routine diagnostic purposes
      have been published recently. Here, we provide an overview of the newer
      amidolytic methods for the measurement of certain coagulation variables.

PMID- 6821924
TI  - Advancing in tandem: clinical endocrinology and clinical chemistry.
AB  - Here I review some of the recent accomplishments in clinical endocrinology and
      clinical chemistry, point out the direction of future work, and try to predict
      some of the advances of the next decade. Endocrinology, perhaps more than any
      other branch of clinical medicine, is rooted in biochemistry and physiology.
      Endocrinologists have been leaders in the development of methods, which have been
      adapted by clinical chemists for wider applications than those conceived
      originally. For the sake of brevity, I shall not recount the early history of
      endocrinology in this century--or the enormous progress since Starling coined the
      term "hormone" and stated the physiological role of these chemical messengers in
      1905. Progress in endocrinology in recent years has been astounding.

PMID- 6821925
TI  - Use of immunoaffinity chromatography for purification of 125I-labeled human
      prolactin.
AB  - We assessed a simple method for purifying 125I-labeled human prolactin, taking
      advantage of the abundant supplies of monoclonal antibodies available. 125I
      Labeled human prolactin purified by immunoaffinity chromatography is compared
      with that purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. We used monoclonal
      antibodies to prolactin to prepare the affinity chromatography columns. Prolactin
      was radiolabeled by the Chloramine T method, purified by each of the above
      procedures, and the binding and displacement characteristics were studied in
      radioimmunoassays in which either monoclonal antibodies or a rabbit anti
      prolactin serum was the first antibody. A nonimmune fraction of 125I-labeled
      prolactin that co-eluted with the immunoreactive hormone from Sephadex G-100 was
      removed by affinity chromatography, which increased the antibody binding of 125I
      labeled prolactin in the radioimmunoassay in the absence of unlabeled antigen
      (B/T0, in percent) twofold or more, increased the assay sensitivity, and
      increased the slope of antigen displacement measured by the 50% intercept.
      Several advantages make this the purification method of choice.

PMID- 6821926
TI  - Influence of phospholipid saturation on classical thin-layer chromatographic
      detection methods and its effect on amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
      determinations.
AB  - We compared seven techniques, commonly used for detection of amniotic fluid
      phospholipids in thin-layer chromatography, with respect to their sensitivity to
      saturation of the fatty acid carbon-chain of lecithin. The techniques fell into
      two classes: sensitive and insensitive; those classed as saturation sensitive
      were less than or equal to 10% as sensitive to fully saturated lecithin as to
      lecithin with singly unsaturated acid moieties. Color development increased with
      the number of carbon-carbon double bonds per molecule but required only a single
      unsaturated acid ester in either the alpha or the beta position. Mixtures of
      lecithins with defined saturation, when detected by saturation-sensitive methods,
      mimicked the uneven coloration of amniotic fluid lecithin bands, supporting the
      hypothesis that this uneven coloration results from natural saturation
      heterogeneity. Detection techniques representative of these classes are shown to
      give widely differing values for the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio for actual
      specimens of amniotic fluid.

PMID- 6821927
TI  - Creatinine determined by "high-performance" liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic procedure for
      determination of creatinine in serum. Creatinine is separated from other species
      by cation-exchange chromatography. Absorbance of the creatinine in the eluate is
      monitored at 234 nm. Results from this procedure on sera correspond closely to
      those of a manual Jaffe-reaction procedure involving use of a protein-free
      filtrate with additional cleanup of the sample with Lloyd's reagent. None of the
      21 endogenous and exogenous substances that we screened interfered. The overall
      CV at 138 mumol of creatinine per liter is 1.35% and at 539 mumol/L is 0.72%.

PMID- 6821928
TI  - Sensitive fluorometry of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (Regan enzyme) activity
      in serum from smokers and nonsmokers.
AB  - We developed a simple, sensitive enzymatic assay involving the fluorogenic
      substrate naphthol AS-MX phosphate [(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 2,4
      dimethylanilide) phosphate] to measure heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (EC
      3.1.3.1), the Regan isoenzyme, in human serum. The day-to-day CV was 5.7% for a
      serum activity of 0.080 arbitrary units/L. Measurable amounts of enzyme were
      detected in most normal individuals. The mean for 51 nonsmokers was 0.068 (SD
      0.037) arb. units/L; for 25 smokers it was 0.440 (SD 0.360) arb. units/L.
      Activity of this isoenzyme in smokers was as much as 10-fold the upper normal
      limit for nonsmokers. Activation of this tumor marker by smoking has not received
      attention hitherto. We conclude that a truly normal range can only be established
      among nonsmokers. The isoenzymes in smokers, nonsmokers, and pregnant women were
      similar in their heat stability, immunologic cross reactivity, and inhibition by
      L-phenylalanine.

PMID- 6821929
TI  - Amniotic fluid fluorescence polarization value at physiological temperature: a
      marked improvement in assessing fetal lung maturity.
AB  - Determination of fetal lung maturity by measurement of the fluorescence
      polarization (P) value of the amniotic fluid at room temperature has become the
      method of choice in an increasing number of perinatal units because of its
      simplicity and relatively high predictive value. Nevertheless, its power to
      discriminate between cases with and without hyaline membrane disease (HMD) needs
      improvement. To this end, we assessed the discriminative power of the P value at
      the physiological temperature of 37 degrees C (P37) as compared with the power at
      25 degrees C (P25). The study group consisted of 288 consecutive cases at risk
      for preterm delivery. Samples from all 288 cases were measured at 25 degrees C
      and samples from 112 of these were measured concurrently at 37 degrees C as well.
      HMD occurred in 27 infants of the total group, nine of whom belonged to the
      subgroup tested at both temperatures. When sensitivity was fixed at 100% the
      specificity of P37 was 97% as compared to 79% for P25 (p less than 0.001). The
      percentage of cases with infants free of HMD who had borderline P values was also
      significantly smaller: 1% vs 21%, respectively (p less than 0.001). Although data
      on more HMD cases are needed to establish the precise threshold of lung maturity
      for P37, we conclude that P37 is a considerably better discriminator for fetal
      lung maturity determination than P25.

PMID- 6821930
TI  - A direct radioimmunoassay for aldosterone in plasma.
AB  - This rapid radioimmunoassay for aldosterone is performed directly on 100 microL
      of unprocessed plasma, with 125I-labeled aldosterone as the labeled antigen. Our
      use of steroid-free plasma in preparing the standard curve resulted in an
      overestimate of aldosterone; this problem was overcome by adding to such plasma a
      mixture of other steroids to provide a constant steroid/aldosterone ratio. Over a
      wide range of aldosterone concentrations, results agreed well between the present
      assay and a routine method involving solvent extraction and paper chromatography
      (r = 0.85), and sensitivity (20 ng/L) and inter- (10.4%) and intra- (3.9%) assay
      CVs were better with the present assay. Our assay is especially useful for
      multiple samples and (or) when only small-volume samples are available.

PMID- 6821931
TI  - Value of the anion gap in clinical diagnosis and laboratory evaluation.
AB  - We report the incidence of normal (50.4%), increased (46.7%), and decreased
      (2.9%) anion gap among hospitalized patients in a retrospective study. The mean
      and range of increased anion gaps were 25 and 19-28 mmol/L. Values exceeding 30
      mmol/L were uncommon and may indicate either acidosis or laboratory error. The
      most common causes of the increased anion gap among patients were chronic renal
      failure, congestive heart failure, malignant neoplasm, and diabetes mellitus.
      Increased anion gap in this study may be due to excess acids along with decreases
      in sodium, chloride, and carbon dioxide. The mean and range of decreased anion
      gap were 6 and 3-8 mmol/L. Anion-gap values less than 3 mmol/L were uncommon (one
      of 500 cases), and a high incidence of such values may indicate laboratory error.
      Nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, intestinal obstruction, and severe
      hemorrhage were the common disorders associated with decreased anion gap, which
      resulted from hypoalbuminemia and hyponatremia. Although most patients with
      decreased anion gap had hypoalbuminemia, hypoalbuminemic patients did not
      necessarily have decreased anion gap.

PMID- 6821932
TI  - Interrelations of the various mathematical approaches to radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Equations used for calculation of radioimmunoassay data are derived and compared.
      We show that the equation developed by Fernandez and Loeb is the most general of
      these. Those of Ekins et al., Hales and Randle, and Rodbard et al. are all
      derived here from this basic equation by neglecting certain of its terms. The
      logit-log plot of Rodbard et al. is a logarithmic transformation of the linear
      Hales-Randle equation. The basic equation, derived here solely from the mass
      action law, approaches linearity under certain conditions without complex
      mathematical transformations of analyte concentrations or observable parameters.
      Applications are also presented.

PMID- 6821933
TI  - A candidate reference method for determination of bilirubin in serum. Test for
      transferability.

PMID- 6821934
TI  - Determination of urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine by radial-compression
      liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for determining the O-methylated catecholamine
      metabolites, normetanephrine and metanephrine, in urine by use of radial
      compression liquid chromatography followed by electrochemical detection.
      Normetanephrine and metanephrine are isolated from hydrolyzed urine by ion
      exchange on small, commercially available, disposable columns and preconcentrated
      by solvent extraction. They are then separated by reversed-phase ion-pair
      chromatography, with use of a radial compression cartridge and radial compression
      module, and quantified with 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylamine as internal standard.
      Normetanephrine, metanephrine, and the internal standard are separated from
      interfering peaks in about 15 min. The method is applicable to the relatively low
      amounts of normetanephrine (100-600 micrograms/24 h) and metanephrine (50-400
      micrograms/24 h) found in normal subjects and patients with depressive disorders
      or hypertension. Within-day CVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.2% for normetanephrine and
      1.2 to 6.9% for metanephrine; the corresponding between-day CVs were 4.9 and 5.7%
      over these ranges.

PMID- 6821935
TI  - Cytoplasmic creatine kinase isoenzymes quantitated in tissue specimens obtained
      at surgery.
AB  - Because previous reports have given inconsistent results, we re-examined the
      catalytic concentrations of cytoplasmic creatine kinase (CK) and of CK isoenzymes
      in 38 biopsies obtained from 19 different tissues. After homogenization and
      centrifugation many tissues showed high CK catalytic concentrations; 11 of them
      contained activity exceeding 50 U/g wet weight (Scandinavian recommended method).
      The highest specific activities were found in skeletal muscle (2400 U/g), brain
      (530 U/g), and myocardium (460 U/g). The separate isoenzyme activities were
      estimated by electrophoretic, anion-exchange chromatographic, immunoinhibiting,
      and radioimmunological methods. CK-BB was present in all tissues and, in fact,
      was the only cytoplasmic CK isoenzyme in 16 of the 19 tissues examined. CK-MM was
      the major isoenzyme of skeletal muscle and myocardium and was in addition
      observed in placenta, in trace amounts. CK-MB was present in high catalytic
      concentrations in myocardium (20% of total CK) and in low catalytic
      concentrations in skeletal muscle (1.1% of total CK).

PMID- 6821936
TI  - Determination of the antidepressants maprotiline and amoxapine, and their
      metabolites, in plasma by liquid chromatography.
AB  - Maprotiline, amoxapine, and their metabolites were determined in plasma by three
      separate procedures, each of which involves a three-step extraction followed by
      reversed-phase separations. Amoxapine, maprotiline, and N-desmethylmaprotiline
      can be measured with use of a conventional C-18 column with 10% carbon load, but
      analyses for 7- and 8-hydroxyamoxapines require a small (5-microns) particle
      size, high carbon load, 20% C-18 column with 0.2 mol/L phosphate as mobile phase.
      Within-run and day-to-day CVs were 5% and 8%, respectively. Peak-height ratios
      were linearly correlated with concentrations between 0 and 400 micrograms/L.
      Detection limits ranged from 1 to 3 ng. Interference studies indicated that
      nortriptyline co-elutes with maprotiline. Assays of patients' plasma showed
      substantial amounts of these drugs and most of their metabolites, but only trace
      amounts of 7-hydroxyamoxapine.

PMID- 6821937
TI  - Gas-chromatographic measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate in plasma and 3
      hydroxybutyrate in whole blood.
AB  - We describe two simple, rapid, and sensitive gas-chromatographic methods. One is
      for determining 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate in plasma, the other for
      determining 3-hydroxybutyrate in perchloric acid extracts of blood. Samples are
      purified by adsorption onto graphitized carbon black (Carbopak B). After
      desorption, the two hydroxyacids are gas-chromatographically measured.
      Chromatography is on Carbopack B/polyethylene glycol (Mr 20 000)/trimesic acid,
      94.4/ 4.8/0.8 by weight. A series of determinations of 3-hydroxybutyrate in whole
      blood from 15 subjects gave a mean of 59 (SD 46) mumol/L, with 97.8% analytical
      recovery (range 94.4-101.8%). In 15 plasma samples, we determined a mean value
      for 3-hydroxybutyrate of 62 (SD 72) mumol/L, with an analytical recovery of 96.4%
      (range 93.5-97.6%) and a mean value for lactate of 0.99 (SD 0.55) mmol/L, with an
      analytical recovery of 92.0 (range 91.3-97.6%). Six replicate analyses of plasma
      containing typical concentrations of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate gave
      respective CVs of 3.2, 2.1, 1.6, and 1.4%, and 4.9, 3.7, 2.8, and 2.0% for low,
      medium, high, and very high concentrations. Total analysis time for either method
      is less than 1 h.

PMID- 6821938
TI  - Proportion of hemoglobin S in blood, as determined from solubility measurements.
AB  - We exploited the concentration dependence of hemoglobin S on its solubility in
      concentrated phosphate buffer to determine the percentage of hemoglobin S or
      hemoglobin A in whole blood or hemolysates. A sample is incubated for 1 h at 37
      degrees C in "SickleQuik" (General Diagnostics) tubes, and the absorbance of the
      aqueous phase is then measured at 555 nm and 650 nm, the latter wavelength to
      correct for turbidity. The fractional hemoglobin S or hemoglobin A content is
      read from standard-curve data on mixtures of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S. Such
      curves can be prepared with the use of hemoglobin A alone, because under our
      conditions all hemoglobin S is precipitated. The curve is reproducible for up to
      three weeks. Day-to-day CVs ranged from 1.8% at 10% hemoglobin S to 8.1% at 68%
      hemoglobin S. For similar concentration ranges, day-to-day CVs for
      electrophoresis, with densitometry, ranged from 4.9% to 18%. Results on 29
      patients are presented. We recommend the method for rapid quantification of
      hemoglobin S percentage for patients with sickle cell disease in acute-care
      situations.

PMID- 6821939
TI  - Creatine kinase B subunit as measured with a radioimmunoassay kit in detection of
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Results with a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) reagent kit for quantification
      of the creatine kinase B subunit (CK-B) (Nuclear-Medical Laboratories, Irving, TX
      75061) were compared with results obtained by electrophoresis for patients
      consecutively admitted to our coronary care unit for suspected acute myocardial
      infarction. Analytical sensitivity, precision, and specificity of the RIA were
      satisfactory. Its clinical efficacy was assessed in 97 patients suspected of
      having had an acute myocardial infarction. Of 30 patients who had had an acute
      myocardial infarction, increased CK-B was detected by RIA in 30 and by
      electrophoresis in 27. The temporal relationship between CK-B by RIA and CK-MB by
      electrophoresis was similar. Of 66 admissions where infarction was not
      established, CK-B was negligibly increased in samples from four patients by RIA,
      and from one by electrophoresis. Although not abnormally increased (greater than
      5 U/L), CK-MB was detected by electrophoresis in samples from another five of
      these 66 patients. We conclude that estimation of CK-B by this RIA is an
      excellent alternative to estimation of CK-MB by electrophoresis in patients
      suspected of having had an acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6821940
TI  - Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin on cellulose acetate membranes by mobile
      affinity electrophoresis.
AB  - In this method for separating glycosylated from nonglycosylated hemoglobin in
      blood by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes, we exploit the affinity
      of low-molecular-mass dextran sulfate for the nonglycosylated fraction, which
      increases the mobility of the latter relative to that of glycosylated hemoglobin.
      After the membrane strips are cleared and stained, the two fractions are
      quantified densitometrically. As evaluated by use with blood from diabetics,
      results compare well with those by chromatography on short columns and by
      electrophoresis in commercial agar gel films.

PMID- 6821941
TI  - Assessment of the benzethonium chloride method for routine determination of
      protein in cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
AB  - We have tested the characteristics of the method of Iwata and Nishikaze (Clin
      Chem 25: 1317, 1979). The linearity, sensitivity, and precision are satisfactory
      and the reactivity of benzethonium chloride with various proteins (albumin,
      immunoglobulins) is the same. The method has been compared with Meulemans's
      technique (Clin Chim Acta 5: 757, 1960), routinely used in our laboratories, by
      analysis of 82 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 119 samples of urine. Our
      results for cerebrospinal fluid agree well with those of Iwata and Nishikaze (r =
      0.976; y = 0.992x - 0.013), but we find their method unsuitable for urinary
      protein determination, probably because of interfering compounds in urine.

PMID- 6821942
TI  - Fetal lung maturity assessed by fluorescence polarization: evaluation of
      predictive value, correction for endogenous fluorescence, and comparison with L/S
      ratio.
AB  - The steady-state polarization (or anisotropy) of the fluorescent dye 1,6-diphenyl
      1,3-5-hexatriene in amniotic fluid samples and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
      of the samples were correlated with development of respiratory distress syndrome
      in newborns. We found that clinical samples have a variable endogenous
      fluorescence that reduces the observed polarization (or anisotropy). This
      background is a major interference in the assessment of fetal lung maturity by
      the polarization method. Correction for this interference, by also measuring the
      blank fluorescence and anisotropy of the sample, provides a clinical tool with a
      lower coefficient of variation than that of the more time-consuming
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. The clinical correlation for 17 cases of
      respiratory distress syndrome in a high-risk population (60 births; twins counted
      as a single birth) indicates that the two methods are equivalent for predicting
      immature fetal lung status.

PMID- 6821943
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic separation and determination of coproporphyrins I and III
      in urine.
AB  - We describe a method of determining coproporphyrin I, III, and I plus III in
      urine by "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Urine is simply injected after
      dilution with an equal volume of glacial acetic acid. Some urinary coproporphyrin
      apparently binds zinc without acetic acid treatment. The working linear range of
      coproporphyrin concentrations is 10 to 2000 micrograms/L of urine. The
      sensitivity of the method is sufficient to detect as little as 10 micrograms of
      coproporphyrins per liter of urine. Analytical recoveries for both
      coproporphyrins were 96.7-106%. Results by the present method and those by an
      extraction method (Br J Ind Med 31:72-74, 1974) correlate well (r = 0.975). Mean
      (and range) coproporphyrin I, III, and I plus III concentrations in urine from
      normal subjects are 33.7 (7-75), 28.6 (0-130), and 62.2 (7-174) micrograms/L,
      respectively.

PMID- 6821944
TI  - Clinical evaluation of immunoinhibition determination of creatine kinase B
      subunits in coronary care.
AB  - One hundred patients with chest pain of cardiac origin were evaluated on the
      basis of clinical findings, electrocardiograph results, and total creatine kinase
      (CK) and creatine kinase B-subunit (CK-B) activity (as determined by
      immunoinhibition with the Boehringer CK-MB kit) in serum. All patients diagnosed
      as having had an acute myocardial infarction had increased values for both CK-B
      and total CK. In no case was normal total CK activity associated with an
      increased CK-B, nor was normal CK-B associated with an increased total CK. During
      collection of data for reference ranges, we found 10 patients who had no evidence
      of cardiac disease but had various other diseases, who exhibited high values for
      CK-B in serum; four of these had normal values for total CK. We conclude that
      estimations of CK-B in serum by this method added no more diagnostic information
      than did data on total CK in the evaluation of chest pain.

PMID- 6821945
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for urinary albumin.
AB  - We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for urinary albumin, performed
      on microtiter plates with use of commercially available antisera and peroxidase
      conjugate. The assay range is 3-1000 micrograms/L, the sensitivity 625 pg. The
      method is suitable for measurement of albumin excretion in either normal or
      pathological urine. For 20 normal children, the range of urinary albumin
      excretion was 1.7-22.9 mg/24 h.

PMID- 6821946
TI  - Evaluation of an enzymic procedure for the measurement of acetaminophen.
AB  - We evaluated a new method for measurement of acetaminophen. From acetaminophen,
      acetate and p-aminophenol are enzymically produced, and the latter product is
      determined colorimetrically by reaction with o-cresol and ammoniacal copper
      sulfate. The method is rapid and precise, and results compare well with those by
      spectrophotometric and liquid-chromatographic techniques. Major metabolites of
      acetaminophen, some commonly used drugs, or phenolic substances that may be
      present in patients with liver or renal disease do not interfere.

PMID- 6821948
TI  - Direct determination of inorganic phosphorus in serum with a single reagent.
AB  - Estimation of inorganic phosphate in serum based on the formation of "molybdenum
      blue" may be simplified by eliminating the reduction stage. The yellow complex
      formed by the reaction of phosphate with molybdate in an acid medium is measured
      at 390 nm. The yellow complex behaves in accordance with Beer's law over a wide
      concentration range (to at least 80 mg of P per liter in the initial sample); its
      molar absorptivity at 390 nm is 2.51 X 10(3) L mol-1 cm-1. Sensitivity is
      increased in the presence of a detergent (triethanolamine lauryl sulfate), which
      is also used to dissolve the proteins. Because only one reagent is used (a stable
      combination of, per liter, 20 mmol of sodium molybdate, 82 mmol of nitric acid,
      and 100 mg of the detergent), the method is simple and rapid. We describe a
      manual procedure and an automated one. Within-run precision was 1.9%, and day-to
      day precision less than 7%. Results by the automated method compare favorably (r
      = 0.96) with those obtained by Drewes's method (Clin Chim Acta 39: 81-88, 1972).

PMID- 6821947
TI  - Improved Ellman procedure for erythrocyte cholinesterase.
AB  - The procedure of Dietz et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 1309-1313, 1973) for plasma
      cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) gives a background absorbance of 1.4 A when extended
      to erythrocyte cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) measurement, because the peak
      absorbance of the reaction product, 5-thionitrobenzoate, coincides with the
      hemoglobin Soret band at 410 nm. Consequently, the precision of erythrocyte
      cholinesterase measurements is poor, and the test is restricted to laboratories
      with a spectrophotometer having a high signal-to-noise ratio. Use of the
      detergent benzethonium chloride (Hyamine 1622) instead of quinidine sulfate to
      stop enzyme action allows readings to be made at 440 nm because the hemoglobin
      band is shifted to 405 nm and its peak intensity is decreased. Moreover,
      detergent micelle interactions shift the peak absorbance of the 5
      thionitrobenzoate from 410 to 435 nm. Overall, the blank absorbance is decreased
      to about 0.4 A. This results in an assay that is twice as precise as the previous
      version and is suited for use in a routine laboratory with a moderate-quality
      spectrophotometer. Thus erythrocyte cholinesterase measurements can readily be
      made, to complement plasma cholinesterase in the investigation of exposure to
      organophosphates.

PMID- 6821949
TI  - Macromolecular alkaline phosphatase and an immunoglobulin G that inhibited
      alkaline phosphatase in a patient's serum.
AB  - Macromolecular alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was found in the serum of a
      patient suffering from myasthenia gravis (adult type II) complicated with
      thymoma, and was shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be bound to immunoglobulins A
      and G (IgG). Placental alkaline phosphatase, complexed with either the patient's
      serum or IgG purified from the patient's serum, remained at the origin on
      electrophoresis, with significant loss of activity. Intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase, complexed with either the patient's serum or the patient's IgG,
      migrated to a position similar to that of the macromolecular alkaline phosphatase
      in the patient's serum on electrophoresis. About 50% of the placental alkaline
      phosphatase activity was inhibited with 0.1-0.2 g of the patient's IgG per liter,
      but 6.93 g of the IgG per liter was required for about 20% inhibition of the
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. The complex of intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase with the patient's IgG was fairly heat stable. From these results, we
      concluded that the macromolecular alkaline phosphatase in the patient's serum
      consisted of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and IgG that was specific for
      placental alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6821952
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of free 20 alpha- and 20 beta-dihydrocortisol in a
      hypercortisolemic but hypocortisoluric patient with Cushing's disease.
AB  - We identified non-metabolized, non-conjugated 20 alpha- and 20 beta
      dihydrocortisol (20 alpha- and 20 beta-DHF) in urine from a patient with
      Cushing's disease, by use of three different liquid-chromatographic systems and
      by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We document that these 20-isomers of
      dihydrocortisol may strongly contribute to unspecific interferences with the
      immunological assessment of urinary free cortisol (F). The urinary excretion
      rates of 20 alpha- and 20 beta-DHF were quantified radioimmunologically with use
      of a cross-reacting cortisol antiserum after effective purification by liquid
      chromatography. The patient with Cushing's disease had mean peripheral cortisol
      concentrations of 1018 nmol/L. The urinary excretion rates (nmol/24 h) were 1455
      for 20 alpha-DHF, 330 for 20 beta-DHF, and 18 for F. The corresponding reference
      values (median in nmol/24 h) were 174 for 20 alpha-DHF, 111 for 20 beta-DHF, and
      68 for F (n = 22). We conclude that (a) specific estimation of urinary free F is
      not as highly sensitive for diagnosis of chronic hypercortisolemic states as is
      generally assumed; and (b) measurement of urinary free 20 alpha- and 20 beta-DHF
      or of the corresponding 20-DHF:F ratios may be more sensitive.

PMID- 6821950
TI  - Complexes of immunoglobulins A and G with aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes
      in serum.
AB  - We report the presence of complexes between aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC
      2.6.1.1) and immunoglobulin (Ig) in the serum of a patient suffering from lung
      cancer with metastasis to the liver. After fractionation of the serum by gel
      filtration, AST-Ig complexes (AST-IgA, AST-IgG) were demonstrated by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Dissociating the complexes and recombining them
      with purified isoenzyme fractions, s-AST (cytoplasmic) and m-AST (mitochondrial),
      revealed that only s-AST binds to IgG, whereas IgA binds to both s-AST and m-AST.
      Although the association of AST with IgG has been reported, to our knowledge this
      is the first finding of both AST-IgA and AST-IgG complexes in a patient's serum.
      Serum AST-IgG complexes have been demonstrated in both healthy and diseased
      individuals; in the latter category, as reported here and by others, the liver is
      implicated.

PMID- 6821951
TI  - Immunoglobulin-complexed aspartate aminotransferase.
AB  - We report two cases of unexplained, isolated, persistently increased aspartate
      aminotransferase activity in serum. In the first patient, this lasted for 10
      years and prompted multiple hospitalizations and medical/surgical consultations.
      For patient two, the abnormal enzyme activity resulted in hospitalization for
      further evaluation of possible heart disease. In spite of extensive investigation
      to determine the possible reason for the abnormality, no clear clinical cause was
      ever discovered in either patient. Electrophoretic and immunologic evidence
      indicates that the enzyme was complexed to IgG in the serum of both individuals.
      Recognition that this complex is probably benign may obviate other patients
      having to undergo unnecessary hospitalization, anxiety, and expense.

PMID- 6821954
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB: a marker of gastric cancer?

PMID- 6821955
TI  - Logit-log radioimmunoassay data reduction: weighted vs unweighted.

PMID- 6821953
TI  - Acidification of urine or serum containing ioxaglate causes precipitation.

PMID- 6821956
TI  - Particulate and free enzyme activity in urine as a result of the shedding of
      brush-border membranes from kidney.

PMID- 6821959
TI  - A source of error in determination of blood gases.

PMID- 6821958
TI  - Effect of light on 125I-labeled triiodothyronine in different RIA buffer systems.

PMID- 6821957
TI  - Biphasic profile in the elimination of digoxin from serum after a massive
      overdose.

PMID- 6821960
TI  - Interference by metrizamide with the Du Pont aca method for cerebrospinal fluid
      protein.

PMID- 6821961
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay for melatonin in plasma.

PMID- 6821962
TI  - Rapid and simple method for citrulline determination in plasma.

PMID- 6821963
TI  - Urinalysis for blood: questionable interpretation of reagent strip results.

PMID- 6821964
TI  - Immunofixation on cellulose acetate is more efficient than immunoelectrophoresis
      for detection of paraproteins.

PMID- 6821965
TI  - Adsorption of thiocyanate by anion-exchange resins and its analytical
      application.

PMID- 6821966
TI  - High-yield transfer of extract to a thin-layer chromatographic plate.

PMID- 6821967
TI  - Possible interference with the Helen Laboratories' method for
      phosphatidylglycerol.

PMID- 6821968
TI  - On-line measurement of potassium in blood by chemical-sensitive field-effect
      transistors: a preliminary report.

PMID- 6821969
TI  - Blank correction for metronidazole interference with continuous-flow measurement
      of aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 6821970
TI  - Chromatographic and inhibition method for serum isoamylases compared.

PMID- 6821971
TI  - Concentration of three types of nitrogen in human urine.

PMID- 6821972
TI  - Comparison of sensitivities of three turbidimetric methods to proteins and
      mucoprotein of low molecular mass.

PMID- 6821974
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament functional instability. A static intra-articular and
      dynamic extra-articular procedure.
AB  - The static and functional results in a series of 50 patients evaluated at least
      two years after surgery were gratifying. None had any episodes of functional
      instability. Forty-six of the 49 who participated in sports prior to operation
      returned to all desired sports, including six patients who returned to
      intercollegiate and national team sports. The overall subjective and objective
      results were 30, excellent; 17, good; one, fair, and two, failure. Of the two
      failures, one had excellent static stability but significant pain due to pre
      existing chondromalacia patella, and the other had a postsurgical neuroma at the
      lateral surgical site.

PMID- 6821973
TI  - The anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.

PMID- 6821975
TI  - Arthroscopic repair and augmentation of the anterior cruciate ligament in cadaver
      knees.
AB  - An experimental method for arthroscopic repair and augmentation of the anterior
      cruciate ligament (ACL) was designed by experiments on fresh cadaver specimens.
      The procedure was performed arthroscopically. No arthrotomy or patellar
      dislocation was necessary. Established principles of ACL surgery were strictly
      applied, e.g., placement of holes; internal splinting; preservation of blood
      supply; utilization of ACL remnants at the tibial attachment. As much of the
      normal anatomy of the knee as possible was preserved, and some of the undesirable
      features of major knee surgery were avoided. With further research and
      development of materials (e.g., an implantable hook and either freeze-dried
      fascia or biodegradable suture for the internal splint), the described technical
      ideas have potential application as an effective arthroscopic procedure for the
      treatment of ACL deficiency.

PMID- 6821976
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency in children.
AB  - Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency is unusual in children younger
      than 14 years of age. Nontraumatic ACL laxity is found in two distinct groups of
      children: (1) those with generalized nonpathologic joint laxity, and (2) those
      with congenital absence or attenuation of the ligament, usually associated with
      other congenital anomalies in the same limb. ACL insufficiency secondary to
      trauma most often is associated with avulsion of the intercondylar eminence of
      the tibia. Excellent results have been obtained following anatomic reduction by
      either closed or open methods. In children, insubstance damage to the ACL, alone
      or associated with other ligamentous injuries, is distinctly unusual. In three
      patients younger than 14 years of age with midsubstance tears of the ACL, no
      other clinically evident ligamentous injury was noted. All three were treated by
      primary surgical repair without intra- or extra-articular augmentation
      procedures. Despite only mild subjective complaints at follow-up examinations,
      all three patients had at least moderate degrees of clinical ACL laxity,
      suggesting that midsubstance ACL injuries in children have no better healing
      potential than in adults.

PMID- 6821977
TI  - Drill guides for improving accuracy in anterior cruciate ligament repair and
      reconstruction.

PMID- 6821978
TI  - Application of prosthetics to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and
      repair.
AB  - The evolution of synthetic materials to aid in the repair of anterior cruciate
      ligament (ACL) instability is in an embryonic stage of development. After 12
      years of animal and clinical trials, progress is emerging from synthetic
      augmentation rather than synthetic replacement. Synthetic materials are being
      given the strictest tests of purity, strength, and biologic tolerance by
      engineering and animal laboratories in preparation for controlled human trial.

PMID- 6821980
TI  - Agility training following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
AB  - The treatment program after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or
      reconstruction at the United States Military Academy embraces the four
      cornerstones of rehabilitation--strength, aerobic fitness, coordination, and
      confidence. It is divided into six phases--presurgery, to prepare the patient for
      postoperative rehabilitation; postoperative (or postinjury), to allow healing and
      to prevent thrombosis and muscle atrophy; early healing, to maintain muscle tone
      and joint motion in a protective device; late healing (water stage), to begin
      proprioceptive and agility training while regaining joint motion; healed (land
      stage), to gain greater agility and confidence in controlled situations;
      competition, to demonstrate if the rehabilitation program has been successful.
      This paper concentrates on the criteria for advancing from the water phase to the
      land phase and then to competition. The patient reverts to the preceding phase if
      pain or swelling is apparent. Full participation in competition is not permitted
      unless the patient masters all phases and can compete in athletics without fear
      of reinjury.

PMID- 6821979
TI  - Rehabilitation of acute injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The major controversy about the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the
      appropriate time for use of terminal knee extension and exercises that place a
      subluxing force. Recent studies have delineated the area in which the quadriceps
      mechanism provides a subluxing force on the tibia and across the knee joint. An
      active rehabilitation program encourages progressive recovery of function while
      protecting the knee against subluxing forces. The program includes rehabilitation
      for nonsurgically treated but torn cruciate injuries, and injuries of the ACL
      repaired by various surgical operations.

PMID- 6821982
TI  - The anterior cruciate ligament problem.
AB  - The management of the acutely injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was
      evaluated by a survey of 58 orthopedic surgeons in North America. The ACL is the
      most frequently totally torn ligament in the knee. Diagnosis may be made with a
      combination of tests: anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot shift. If the patient
      is unable to relax because of pain or fear, examination under anesthesia, and
      possibly arthroscopy, should be performed. The manner in which the patient is
      treated for the ligamentous deficiency depends on the physician's perception of
      the natural history of the ACL deficient knees, the biomechanical necessity of
      the ligament, and the physician's ability to repair or reconstruct the ligament.
      Treatment can be surgical or nonsurgical. The method depends on the patient and
      his or her life-style. Since the ACL is vital to normal knee function, surgical
      intervention is advisable in the majority of cases of acute disruption in
      patients less than 40 years of age. Patients with chronic instability of the
      ligament, should be treated initially with a program of rehabilitation and,
      possibly, a reconstruction if the knee has not responded after at least six
      months. All knee surgeons should continuously review the literature and, as
      necessary, revise the treatment regimens for their patients.

PMID- 6821981
TI  - Bracing the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee using the Lenox Hill
      derotation brace.
AB  - The Lenox Hill derotation brace fashioned by Castiglia and his staff at the Lenox
      Hill Hospital Brace Shop (New York, New York) under the direction of Nicholas
      during the 1960s has been worn successfully by thousands of patients with
      unstable knees, including elderly arthritic patients, adolescents with congenital
      instability, and professional athletes. Nearly 9000 braces were worn by patients
      in the United States during the period from 1976 to 1980. The brace, with its
      sliding axis of motion, corresponds to the axis of movement in the knee. The
      combination Lenox Hill brace includes not only the sliding axis of motion, but
      also a second below-knee leg pad, second derotation strap, and hyper-extension
      stop. It is designed to resist the combination anteromedial-rotatory,
      anterolateral-rotatory, and anteromediolateral-rotatory instabilities. More than
      70% of the braces prescribed during the last five years have been the combination
      type. The derotation brace is a significant advance in brace designs for
      supporting chronic unstable and surgically reconstructed knees. It can function
      effectively even when the wearer is actively participating in sports.

PMID- 6821983
TI  - Postoperative evaluation and result recording in the anterior cruciate ligament
      reconstructed knee.

PMID- 6821984
TI  - Knee joint surface changes. Long-term follow-up meniscus tear treatment in stable
      anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.

PMID- 6821985
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the knee following ligamentous injury.
AB  - The pattern of knee surgery has changed dramatically in the past eight years as a
      result of arthroscopy and an appreciation of the possible devastating effects in
      the knee in which the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is lost. The magnitude of
      the problem has not been clearly defined, and the long-term benefits and
      liabilities with reconstructive surgery are unknown. The records of 284 patients
      treated by reconstructive surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee were reviewed to
      determine the incidence of ligament injury. In approximately 8%, a significant
      ligament injury had occurred that possibly could be implicated in the subsequent
      osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6821986
TI  - The untreated anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
AB  - Forty-nine patients (52 knees) with untreated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      ruptures were evaluated an average of 14 years after injury. The results were
      compared with those of a ten-year follow-up study on the same patients. Eighty
      six percent of the knees had one or both menisci removed. There had been little
      change in symptoms, except that the incidence of giving way had decreased. The
      incidence of anterior laxity and rotary instability continued to be high. Seventy
      five percent of the patients continued to participate in strenuous sports. The
      incidence of degenerative changes on roentgenograms had increased, with one-third
      of the knees demonstrating joint space narrowing or unequivocal evidence of
      osteoarthritis. Development of degenerative changes was associated with varus
      deformity, meniscectomy, and relatively heavy body weight.

PMID- 6821987
TI  - Surgical treatment of displaced ankle fractures.
AB  - To test the validity of the practice of open reduction and internal fixation for
      the treatment of displaced ankle fractures, 25 cases were reviewed after a mean
      follow-up period of 1.5 years. Eighty-eight per cent had satisfactory objective
      results and 76% satisfactory subjective results. Eight-eight per cent of the
      patients with good results had anatomic reductions, whereas none of those with
      poor results was anatomically reduced. No patient with anatomic reduction had
      early evidence of degenerative arthritis. There were no nonunions of the medial
      malleolus, and open fractures did not predispose to poor results. The pronation
      eversion injury as classified by Lauge-Hansen was found to have the poorest
      results objectively, with 70% fair or poor subjectively. This observation is
      believed to be due to the complete ligamentous disruption of the syndesmosis,
      which, unlike intraosseous diastasis, fails to heal solidly in a high percentage
      of patients. This study indicates that good results can be achieved by open
      reduction and internal fixation when exact anatomic reduction is achieved. The
      pronation-eversion injury remains a difficult problem. Better methods of
      treatment for this injury are needed.

PMID- 6821988
TI  - Radial nerve paralysis associated with fractures of the humerus. A review of 62
      cases.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with radial nerve paralysis associated with fractures of the
      humerus were reviewed. Seventy-three per cent of the patients had primary radial
      nerve paralysis and 27% had secondary paralysis. Conservative management has led
      to excellent nerve recovery in all groups of patients. Overall, 95% of the
      patients with radial nerve paralysis recovered normal or near normal function.
      All patients with secondary paralysis had full functional recovery of the radial
      nerve. Conservative management is recommended in patients with radial nerve
      paralysis associated with fractures of the humerus, regardless of age of the
      patient, cause of injury, level of fracture, type of fracture, and whether
      paralysis is primary or secondary. Use of dynamic splints and exercises, to keep
      all joints of the hand and wrist supple, should be an integral part of the
      treatment. Indications for early surgery are unacceptable fracture reduction,
      open fractures requiring debridement, and associated vascular injuries. In all
      open procedures, the radial nerve should be explored at the same time and treated
      appropriately. EMG studies are recommended at four and six months. If there Is no
      evidence of recovery, the nerve should be explored. Except in unequivocal
      irreparable radial nerve damage, tendon transfers should be deferred for at least
      six months, preferably for one year. The possible effect of entrapment of nerve
      by scar and callus remains to be established.

PMID- 6821989
TI  - Anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a multifascicular structure whose femoral
      and tibial attachments, as well as spatial orientation within the knee, are
      directly related to its function as a constraint of joint motion. The ACL is made
      up of multiple collagen bundles that give rise to the multifascicular nature of
      the ligament. This arrangement results in a different portion of the ligament
      being taut and therefore functional, throughout the range of motion. The ACL
      receives its blood supply from branches of the middle genicular artery, which
      from a vascular synovial envelope around the ligament. These periligamentous
      vessels penetrate the ligament transversely and anastomose with a longitudinal
      network of endoligamentous vessels. The body attachments do not contribute
      significantly to the vascularity of the ligament. The nerve supply to the ACL
      originates from the tibial nerve. Although the majority of fibers appear to have
      a vasomotor function, some fibers may serve a proprioceptive or sensory function.

PMID- 6821990
TI  - Studies on bone formation by cartilage reconstructed by isolated epiphyseal
      chondrocytes, transplanted syngeneically or across known histocompatibility
      barriers in mice.
AB  - Calcified cartilage transplants induce bone formation. This process may be
      inhibited if the recipient is immunized by the transplant. To study the relation
      between the degree of antigen incompatibility between the donor and recipient and
      bone formation in more detail, chondrocytes isolated from cartilaginous epiphyses
      of five-day-old mice were transplanted within a fully compatible syngeneic system
      and across weak (H-Y, non-H-2) and strong (H-2) histocompatibility barriers.
      Reconstruction of cartilage occurred in all cases. In these transplants, which
      did not evoke immunologic reaction (fully compatible system, transplants across H
      Y barrier in nonrejector strain), reconstructed cartilage hypertrophied,
      calcified, yielded to resorption by mesenchyme, and finally, was replaced by
      bone. When (independently of the degree of antigenic difference) cartilage was
      surrounded by mononuclear infiltration, bone formation did not occur or was
      delayed. The presence of infiltrations around transplants led to the degeneration
      of chondrocytes as well as of matrix in peripheral regions of cartilage.
      Immunologic infiltration may prevent endochondral osteogenesis by inhibiting
      cartilage invasion by vascularized mesenchyme, and/or interfering with matrix
      mineralization. The function of the chondrocyte is not yet defined, but in
      endochondral ossification, it plays more than a passive role.

PMID- 6821991
TI  - Bone induction by calcified cartilage transplants.

PMID- 6821992
TI  - Arthrotomography of the wrist. The triangular fibrocartilage complex.
AB  - Eighteen fresh cadaver wrists were radiographically studied using both
      arthrography and arthrotomography, to evaluate the results of the two techniques.
      With arthrography, communications between the distal radioulnar and radiocarpal
      joints were discovered in eight of the 18 wrists (44%). Although defects in the
      triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) could be inferred from the arthrograms,
      the locations and dimensions of the defects could not be assessed satisfactorily.
      Using arthrotomography, three distinct patterns of TFCC defects were observed
      radiographically, which correlated with subsequent anatomic dissections of the
      cadaver specimens. Type I defects, located near the radial margin of the TFCC,
      are long, narrow posteroanterior fissures with thick regular borders that readily
      appose. Type II defects, located more centrally in the TFCC, are wide defects
      with thin irregular margins. Type III defects represent a communication between
      the prestyloid recess and the distal radioulnar joint. Arthrotomography of the
      wrist accurately delineates TFCC defects in cadaveric specimens and may become a
      valuable clinical radiographic procedure.

PMID- 6821993
TI  - Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The principal role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is to resist anterior
      displacement of the tibia on the femur. The ACL also has a major role in
      resisting internal rotation. The posterior fibers are longest, or most tense, in
      extension, and are therefore the major resistance to hyperextension and are more
      susceptible to injury in extension. The anterior fibers are longest, or most
      tense, in flexion and therefore are not susceptible to injuries with the knee
      flexed. The ACL is strong and stiff, yet because of its unique structure, it is
      precariously susceptible to injury.

PMID- 6821994
TI  - Stress deprivation effect on metabolic turnover of the medial collateral ligament
      collagen. A comparison between nine- and 12-week immobilization.
AB  - The effects of intermediate-term immobilization on the medial collateral ligament
      (MCL) of the rabbit knee are profound. Immobilization causes atrophy with
      reduction of collagen mass and increased collagen degradation in th immobilized
      MCL. The matrix composition, as reflected by collagen turnover, changed
      dramatically as the period of immobilization was increased from nine to 12 weeks.
      Collagen degradation during these three additional weeks increases, as
      demonstrated by the fact that at 12 weeks, collagen degradation is 28% higher
      than that in controls, compared with 14% at nine weeks. Degradation, balanced by
      new collagen synthesis, produced very minor net decrease in total collagen mass (
      2%) after nine weeks, but a large decrease in total collagen mass (-27%) is
      observed at the end of 12 weeks. Exponential degradation has occurred as
      immobilization has continued, and ligament regenerative capacity apparently has
      failed.

PMID- 6821995
TI  - Blood supply to the normal and abnormal menisci of the human knee.

PMID- 6821996
TI  - Matrix antigens in allografts. II. The cell-mediated response.
AB  - The cell-mediated response of link proteins (LP) and proteoglycan monomer (PG),
      the matrix antigens of articular cartilage, was investigated in the late
      rejections of joint allografts in dogs. Cell-mediated immunity was present as
      determined by the Macrophage Inhibition Test and by skin sensitivity, which was
      present at 26 and 52 weeks after allografting. The Migration Inhibition was 70%
      at 12 weeks, and 50% at 26 and 52 weeks after allografting. Skin sensitivity was
      present after these intervals. The synovium was hypercellular, had the appearance
      of a pannus, and invaded and destroyed the graft.

PMID- 6821998
TI  - Morphometry of the lumbar vertebrae. An anatomic study in two caucasoid ethnic
      groups.
AB  - A morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae of 121 skeletons, 63 Italian and 58
      Indian, revealed that the mean dimensions of the spinal canal, the lateral
      recesses, and the vertebral body were significantly greater in the Italian than
      in the Indian skeletons. The lowest normal limits of the midsagittal diameters of
      the spinal canal were 12.6 mm in the Italian skeletons and 11.5 mm in the Indian
      series. The midsagittal diameters of the canal measured, at one or more levels,
      10.1-10.8 mm in 5% of the Italian skeletons  and 9.0-10.5 mm in 10% of the Indian
      skeletons. In most vertebrae with midsagittal dimensions of the canal less than
      11.5 mm, the width of the recesses was at or below the lower limits of normal.
      These observations cast doubt on the current view that a midsagittal diameter of
      the vertebral canal of less than 12.0 mm is pathologic and suggest that the
      diagnosis of developmental stenosis can not be based only on the dimensions of
      the spinal canal. Lateral recess stenosis may occur in a normally sized spinal
      canal but is more likely to occur in developmentally narrow canals.

PMID- 6821997
TI  - Changes in the bone tissue lipids in persons with steroid- and alcohol-induced
      osteonecrosis.
AB  - The lipids associated with osteonecrotic bone have a higher cholesterol content
      than those associated with normal (nondiseased) or osteoarthritic bone. A study
      of 18 osteonecrotic femoral heads showed elevated total lipids in the affected
      superolateral regions of the osteonecrotic bone as compared with both the
      unaffected inferomedial regions and the superolateral regions of nondiseased
      femoral heads. Cholesterol content was elevated in both the affected and
      unaffected regions of the osteonecrotic bones when contrasted with the
      cholesterol contents of control bones. Greatest elevations were noted for those
      persons with histories of combined steroid use and alcohol abuse. Seven controls
      and four osteoarthritic femoral heads had lower total lipid and cholesterol
      contents. The bone cholesterol content was correlated (r = 0.82) with the
      proportion of the tissue that was necrotic. The elevated cholesterol content in
      the necrotic tissues may contribute to cell death by altering membrane
      metabolism.

PMID- 6821999
TI  - Hip joint disease in younger patients.

PMID- 6822000
TI  - Prosthetic arthroplasties of the shoulder.

PMID- 6822001
TI  - Blount's disease.

PMID- 6822002
TI  - Meniscal lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury.
AB  - The menisci frequently are injured during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
      or degenerate in a period of several years. The meniscus, in addition to
      transferring force across the joint, prevents tibial displacement on the femur if
      the ACL is injured. Ten per cent to 30% of the peripheral meniscus has
      circulation; healing can occur if a tear communicates with this region.
      Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in irreparable tears can be helpful in some
      patients with meniscus-derived complaints. Total meniscectomy should be avoided
      in ACL insufficient knees when possible. Accurate meniscal reattachment with
      ligamentous reconstruction should restore knee stability.

PMID- 6822003
TI  - Physical examination in the diagnosis of rotatory instability.
AB  - Various tests are used to evaluate rotatory instability. Anteromedial rotatory
      instability (AMRI) is detected by performing an anterior drawer test with the
      foot in external rotation. Excessive anterior rotation of the medial tibial
      plateau indicates laxity of the medial structures. Anterolateral rotatory
      instability (ALRI) is a manifestation of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      deficient knee. The functional disability produced is the pivot shift phenomenon,
      which is elicited by the MacIntosh, jerk, ALRI, FRD, and Losee tests.
      Posteromedial rotatory instability is checked by noting a posteromedial
      displacement of the medial tibial plateau with a valgus stress. This is a
      relatively unusual type of instability, although it may be part of a severe
      valgus type. Posterolateral rotatory instability is evaluated by the external
      rotation recurvatum, posterolateral drawer, and reverse pivot shift tests. The
      abnormalities produced by these tests will clarify the method to correct the
      functional deficiency.

PMID- 6822004
TI  - Concepts of the pivot shift.
AB  - The pivot shift is a symptom and sign of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and
      lateral and posterolateral capsular deficiency of the knee. Either a subluxation
      or reduction, or both in rapid succession, plus a simultaneous impingement of the
      lateral compartment of the knee causes a pivot shift. The knee must twist to
      sublux the lateral tibial plateau anteriorly and the lateral femoral condyle
      posteriorly, to cause a misfit of the joint; the knee must be partially flexed to
      sublux symptomatically; the lateral compartment of the misfitted joint must be
      compressed simultaneously during a twist into or out of subluxation to cause
      impingement. When the knee is subluxed while compressing the lateral compartment
      and then flexed to more than 40 degrees, an intact iliotibial tract will cause
      reduction. However, an insufficient iliotibial tract will permit continued
      subluxation through further flexion.

PMID- 6822005
TI  - Arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of the anterior cruciate ligament
      deficient knee.

PMID- 6822006
TI  - The radiographic diagnosis of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.
AB  - Various radiologic procedures are used in the evaluation of the cruciate
      deficient knee, including routine roentgenography, arthrography, and computed
      tomography (CT). Routine roentgenograms can document a joint effusion, an
      avulsion fracture with or without complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      description, and other osseous abnormalities, e.g., degenerative joint changes.
      Double-contrast arthrography can determine the integrity f the ACL. When
      correctly performed and carefully interpreted, more than 90% accuracy is possible
      in diagnosing if the ligament is present and intact, torn, or absent. The
      condition of the medial and lateral menisci, the articular cartilages, and the
      synovium can be evaluated by the same arthrographic study. In those instances in
      which the arthrographic diagnosis is equivocal of the ACL has been repaired or
      can not be examined arthrographically, the CT examination may be useful.
      Unfortunately, because the CT examination is expensive and correct
      interpretations are sometimes difficult, its use is accordingly limited.

PMID- 6822007
TI  - Primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary restraint preventing anterior
      tibial translation on the femur. Its absence is highly correlated with the
      presence of a pivot shift sign and clinical instability. Primary ACL repair, at
      times with augmentation, is advocated in those patients most apt to develop
      symptomatic instability. Follow-up studies demonstrate that it is possible to
      prevent the development of symptomatic giving way as well as the meniscal
      degeneration frequent in active patients with chronic ACL insufficiency.

PMID- 6822008
TI  - Intra-articular cruciate reconstruction. II: Replacement with vascularized
      patellar tendon.
AB  - The patellar tendon offers a number of advantages (strength, location, bone-to
      bone fixation, vascularity) as a tissue for intra-articular cruciate ligament
      reconstruction. The critical factor is to preserve the vascularity, thereby
      maintaining tendon viability and facilitating tissue remodeling. Laboratory
      studies on human cadaver knees were conducted to define the blood supply to the
      patella, and vascularity was assessed by blood flow studies in three animal
      species, including nonhuman primates. In humans, the patellar ligament receives
      blood anteriorly from the retinaculum and posteriorly from the fat pad, which is
      relatively smaller and less adherent than the fat pad in other animals. The
      medial third of the patellar tendon and its contiguous neurovascular pedicle were
      used in a vascularized patellar tendon reconstruction procedure. During a period
      of three years, reconstruction with the vascularized patellar tendon was
      performed in more than 100 patients. Although only 35 patients have been followed
      up for more than two years, the clinical results are encouraging. At present,
      however, the technique is not recommended for general use; the surgical procedure
      is demanding, and the ultimate clinical results may not warrant the extra effort
      required to perform the surgery as well as commit the patient to a long
      rehabilitation program.

PMID- 6822009
TI  - Vascularized patellar tendon graft with rigid internal fixation for anterior
      cruciate ligament insufficiency.
AB  - After diagnosing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture by manual and
      arthroscopic examination with the patient under anesthesia, the decision to
      augment or substitute depends on the patient's requirements. In a community of
      athletically motivated patients, a method of strong, durable stabilization is
      achieved using a pedicled patellar tendon graft with a 90 degrees twist and bone
      to-bone fixation. The intercondylar notch is surgically enlarged; holes are
      drilled from without into the tibia and femur, the graft is harvested with bone
      plugs at each end, pulled into place, and transfixed with screws. Knee function
      is tested before closure. After operation, the emphasis is on joint ranging
      exercises. Quadriceps exercises are not initiated until three months after
      operation. Participation in a sport is not advised for approximately one year.
      The patellar tendon graft has all of the advantages of an autologous tissue,
      either for augmentation or substitution of the ACL. It has strength, durability,
      and elasticity; it can be transplanted with bone plugs; with the infrapatellar
      fat pad preserved, it retains its paratendinous vascularity. The method has been
      employed for five years. No graft failures have occurred, and no patient has
      reinjured the reconstructed ligament. Not one patient has had to give up the
      sport that caused the injury due to recurrent instability.

PMID- 6822010
TI  - Semitendinosus anatomic reconstruction for cruciate ligament insufficiency.
AB  - Semitendinosus anatomic reconstruction (STAR) rebuilds the major anatomic bands
      of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and provides isometric ligamentous
      relationships. STAR secures a graft firmly enough to allow intraoperative testing
      and early motion. It provides a graft comparable in strength with a normal ACL
      and salvages the insufficient cruciate ligament even after other procedures have
      failed. Although technically difficult, this procedure can be accomplished in
      approximately one hour after it has been mastered. During more than four years of
      experience, STAR has been a predictable and reliable method for anterior cruciate
      acute augmentation, as well as reconstruction for chronic cruciate ligament
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6822011
TI  - A "mini-reconstruction" technique in treating anterolateral rotatory instability
      (ALRI).
AB  - A "mini-reconstruction" for ALRI, utilizing isometric bundles in the iliotibial
      tract, has been employed in 62 knee injuries--31 acutely injured and 31
      chronically unstable knees. Evaluated at two or more years after operation, the
      results have been gratifying. The procedure should not be used for chronic
      "global instability" The technique is extra-articular, closely approximates the
      functions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and is static. Maximum tensile
      strength is attained early in the postoperative recovery period.

PMID- 6822012
TI  - Intra-articular transfer of the iliotibial muscle-tendon unit.
AB  - The intra-articular transfer of the iliotibial muscle tendon unit is
      reproducible, does not require revascularization, and permits early
      rehabilitation. Of 62 patients followed Up from 24 to 55 months, excellent or
      good functional results occurred in 58 (93.6%). In vitro biomechanical analysis
      does not accurately assess this reconstruction, which appears to be a dynamic
      muscle tendon transfer.

PMID- 6822013
TI  - Fournier's syndrome in infants. A review of cases from Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - Six children aged between 3 and 12 weeks were treated for Fournier's syndrome in
      our hospital between 1972 and 1979. Circumcision, diaper rash, and perianal skin
      abscesses were suspected as portals of entry for pathogens initiating the
      lesions. In two cases Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. Medical treatment of
      the gangrenous area proved successful in all cases, and the children survived
      with no appreciable scrotal skin loss or adhesions. Our results confute the
      approach of previous workers, most of whom have advocated aggressive surgical
      management in a devastating illness like Fournier's gangrene.

PMID- 6822014
TI  - Effect of a comprehensive nutritional program on the growth and ponderosity of
      infants.
AB  - One hundred eighty-two consecutive newborns from a university-based private
      practice were enrolled in a comprehensive nutritional program in an attempt to
      lower the incidence of ponderosity in the group. The program emphasized an
      individualized approach in which the feeding instructions given to parents varied
      with the growth pattern of their child. Whereas specific modalities of feeding,
      such as breast vs. bottle and early vs. late addition of baby foods, appeared not
      to modify growth, the group as a whole exhibited a trend to lower weight-for
      length index (WLI) and less ponderosity than in previous published reports. We
      propose that the individualized nutritional program may have resulted in this
      improvement, and that such attention to detail will likely be more rewarding than
      an approach which emphasizes only general nutritional information to the group as
      a whole.

PMID- 6822015
TI  - Juvenile nephronophthisis with blindness in a three-month-old infant. Senior's
      syndrome associated with relative parathyroid insufficiency.
AB  - Juvenile nephronophthisis is a slowly progressive renal disease with onset in
      infancy, characterized by impaired renal concentrating ability. The combination
      of juvenile nephronophthisis and tapeto-retinal degeneration, renal-retinal
      dystrophy, may cause blindness in infancy, and renal failure in the first decade
      of life. This syndrome has not been previously described as a cause of renal
      failure in young infants. We report an infant who presented at three months of
      age with blindness and renal insufficiency. In addition, this infant had a
      disproportionate degree of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia compatible with
      relative parathyroid gland insufficiency. We propose that this was due to an
      inability of this infant's parathyroid glands to undergo compensatory
      hypertrophy, rather than a specific defect in parathyroid function associated
      with renal-retinal dystrophy.

PMID- 6822017
TI  - Detection of clubbing--Schamroth's sign. Closing the window and opening the
      angle.

PMID- 6822016
TI  - Tags and bands of the female external genitalia in the newborn infant.
AB  - A high incidence of hymenal tags (5.75%) and hymenal bands (2.7%) was found
      during the routine physical examination of 974 female infants within the first 24
      hours of life. Hymenal tags usually disappear spontaneously as the estrogen
      effect diminishes. If they do not, biopsy should be considered. A simple test is
      proposed to demonstrate the superficial position of the hymenal band and its lack
      of connection with an internal structure.

PMID- 6822018
TI  - Stress management in childhood.
AB  - In general, physical and emotional problems are more likely to occur in adults
      and children who have been exposed to unusual environmental stress. The author
      reviews the research on children's reactions to environmental and intrafamilial
      trauma: all youngsters are symptomatic after severe trauma and certain symptoms
      are characteristic for a given developmental stage. However, some children are
      able to tolerate submaximal pressure without evident harm. These stress-resistant
      children are likely to exhibit optimism, ability, and a sense of control over
      their environment. These attributes can be consciously enhanced when children are
      taught problem-solving skills. The pediatrician is in an excellent position to
      prevent emotional morbidity by implementing interventions which would augment
      children's healthy defenses and enhance their sense of mastery.

PMID- 6822021
TI  - Massive hematuria in a young adolescent with sickle cell trait.

PMID- 6822019
TI  - Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. Recommendations of the
      Diethylstilbestrol-Adenosis (DESAD) Project for the identification and management
      of exposed individuals.

PMID- 6822020
TI  - Foreign bodies in the pediatric tracheobronchial tree.

PMID- 6822022
TI  - Crutch paralysis in a patient with lax joints.

PMID- 6822023
TI  - Enterovirus infections in the neonate.
AB  - A chart review was made of 24 neonates less than one month of age with culture
      proven enteroviral infection. The seasonal distribution was summer and fall. An
      antecedent illness was common in the mother or other family members. One patient
      had a mild gastroenteritis. Three categories of severe disease were noted: (a)
      meningitis accounted for 50 per cent of the illnesses; (b) myocarditis for 25 per
      cent of the illnesses; and (c) the remainder presented with a severe sepsis-like
      illness. High mortality rate was associated with low birth weight and low
      gestational age.

PMID- 6822024
TI  - Age-specific presentation of Campylobacter enteritis in children.
AB  - The presentation of Campylobacter enteritis varies with the age of the patient.
      Abdominal distention is common in infants less than 3 months of age. Fever
      remains uncommon up to 6 months of age, whereas abdominal pain and fever are
      common in children more than 1 year of age.

PMID- 6822025
TI  - Lidocaine elimination: effects of metoprolol and of propranolol.
AB  - The effects of administration of metoprolol and propranolol on lidocaine
      elimination were studied in six healthy young men who did not smoke. Each
      received three single intravenous doses of lidocaine (2.5 to 3.0 mg/kg injected
      over 10 min): one alone, one after 1 day pretreatment with propranolol (40 mg
      orally every 6 hr), and one after 1 day pretreatment with metoprolol (50 mg
      orally every 6 hr). Lidocaine clearance was 0.88 +/- 0.28 l X hr-1 X kg-1 before
      beta blockade, 0.61 +/- 0.20 l X hr-1 X kg-1 during metoprolol dosing, and 0.47
      +/- 0.16 l X hr-1 X kg-1 during propranolol dosing. There was no correlation
      between the change in lidocaine elimination and the steady-state concentrations
      of metoprolol or propranolol, nor between the change in lidocaine clearance and
      the change in resting heart rate produced by either beta blocker. Metoprolol and
      propranolol reduce lidocaine elimination significantly.

PMID- 6822027
TI  - Bretylium kinetics in renal insufficiency.
AB  - Bretylium kinetics were examined in patients with varying degrees of renal
      impairment after a single intravenous dose of bretylium tosylate. Maximum plasma
      concentrations achieved at the end of the infusion, when normalized to the dose,
      correlated strongly with creatinine clearance. Drug disposition from plasma was
      biexponential, with a short distributive phase, but drug elimination was reduced,
      especially in patients with creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min X 1.73 m2. There
      was reduction in renal and total clearance and prolongation of t 1/2, with
      deteriorating renal function. In one patient who was reevaluated after a year,
      there was 76% reduction in the total clearance, corresponding to 43%
      deterioration of renal function. The difference of 33% between these values is
      due to a reduction of nearly 36% in volume of distribution, caused by the further
      deterioration of the renal function. Six-hour hemodialysis procedure on two
      anephric patients, resulted in an apparent one- to threefold increase in the
      computed bretylium clearance during dialysis, but the fraction of the total body
      load eliminated during the same period was not proportionally significant. The
      strong linear relationships between renal and total clearance, beta, and the
      creatinine clearance, may be helpful in adjusting dosage regimens for bretylium
      in patients with renal dysfunction.

PMID- 6822026
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous labetalol in essential hypertension.
AB  - Labetalol inhibits alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Systemic and regional
      hemodynamic alterations after intravenous labetalol and its cardiovascular
      reflexive and metabolic effects were evaluated in 12 subjects with mild to
      moderately severe essential hypertension. Supine systolic, diastolic, and mean
      pressures were reduced (from 180/101 and 125 to 149/86 and 109 mm Hg; P less than
      0.001). The fall was accentuated during head-up tilt and was accompanied by
      decreased cardiac output and central blood volume in subjects in both the supine
      and tilted positions. Neither heart rate nor total peripheral resistance was
      changed by labetalol, suggesting that venodilation resulting from alpha
      adrenergic-receptor inhibition played an important role in arterial pressure
      reduction.

PMID- 6822028
TI  - Effect of phenoxybenzamine on cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses
      to clonidine.
AB  - To determine whether the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine would alter
      cardiovascular or plasma catecholamine response to the alpha-adrenergic agonist
      clonidine, six patients with pheochromocytomas and eight with labile hypertension
      were studied. Clonidine, 0.3 mg, was given with and without 48 hr pretreatment
      with 30 mg/day phenoxybenzamine. The response to 10 mg diazepam was also observed
      in seven of the subjects who had labile hypertension. In the hypertensive
      patients, clonidine alone induced a fall in supine blood pressure from 137 +/-
      21/91 +/- 14 to 109 +/- 18/76 +/- 17 mm Hg and, with phenoxybenzamine, clonidine
      reduced blood pressure from 141 +/- 22/89 +/- 10 to 107 +/- 21/72 +/- 11 mm Hg.
      Plasma norepinephrine fell from 179 +/- 60 to 107 +/- 79 pg/ml without
      phenoxybenzamine and from 229 +/- 159 to 95 +/- 46 pg/ml with phenoxybenzamine in
      hypertensive subjects. Responses with phenoxybenzamine did not differ from those
      without phenoxybenzamine and diazepam induced no cardiovascular or plasma
      catecholamine changes. Clonidine did not lower plasma catecholamines in patients
      with a pheochromocytoma in the presence or in the absence of phenoxybenzamine.
      Blood pressure tended to decline after clonidine in pheochromocytoma patients not
      taking phenoxybenzamine, but it was not reduced by clonidine when these patients
      were taking phenoxybenzamine. Phenoxybenzamine does not inhibit reduction in
      blood pressure and plasma catecholamines induced by clonidine in patients with
      essential hypertension or interfere with the clonidine suppression test in
      patients with pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 6822029
TI  - Total and free propranolol levels in sensitive and resistant patients.
AB  - The clinical effects of the beta-adrenergic inhibitor, propranolol, are believed
      to correlate best with circulating levels of free drug, the component of total
      drug concentration that is not bound to plasma proteins and is therefore free to
      interact with tissue beta receptors. We used the radioreceptor assay for
      propranolol to determine total and free propranolol levels in 32 hospitalized
      patients receiving a wide range of doses (40 to 1280 mg/day). Free propranolol
      was determined by equilibrium dialysis and by the erythrocyte drug level.
      Erythrocyte levels were found to correlate strongly with free drug, as determined
      by equilibrium dialysis. Mean percent free propranolol was 16.9 +/- 2.4 ng/ml
      (SEM) by equilibrium dialysis and 18.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml (SEM) by the red cell level.
      Despite considerable variability in the actual level achieved at any given dose,
      total and free propranolol concentrations were related to dose. A weaker
      correlation for free drug concentration resulted from variability in free drug
      among responsive patients (mean +/- SD free propranolol was 13.5 +/- 8.8 ng/ml),
      and suggested a threshold level of free drug required to achieve clinical
      effects. Six patients were resistant to high doses of propranolol. Excessive
      protein binding was noted in four, suggesting abnormalities at the level of
      protein-drug interaction. Several other possible mechanisms for propranolol
      resistance became apparent.

PMID- 6822030
TI  - Enterohepatic circulation of sulindac and metabolites.
AB  - Four subjects were studied by continuous intraduodenal sampling to establish the
      existence and determine the extent of enterohepatic recirculation of sulindac and
      its sulfide and sulfone metabolites. Sulindac, 200 mg by mouth, was given every
      12 hr for 7 days. After the last dose was given intraduodenally, constant
      duodenal infusion of a nutrient mixture and sampling of duodenal contents were
      performed through a triple-lumen intraduodenal tube for 12 hr. Calculation of
      nonabsorbed drug in the samples and quantitation of drug and metabolite levels in
      the biliary secretions were made possible by nonabsorbable markers in the drug
      solution and in the infusate. Interindividual variations in the absolute values
      for each of the chemical species were over a 200% range, but for each subject
      relative clearances were in a remarkably constant ratio, averaging 1:12:12 for
      sulfide:sulindac:sulfone. Total biliary excretions of the prodrug (sulindac) and
      active pharmacophore (sulfide) calculated from these biliary clearances and
      historic mean plasma AUCs were 136% and 22% of dose. Thus, there is a correlation
      between data in man and those in five other species and the data established
      that, after sulindac, the contribution of enterohepatic circulation to
      conservation of the active pharmacophore is achieved predominantly at the level
      of inactive prodrug.

PMID- 6822032
TI  - Radiation treatment planning for bladder cancer: a comparison of cystogram
      localisation with computed tomography.
AB  - A comparison has been made between the target volumes of radical radiotherapy
      treatment plans produced with the aid of marker cystograms, and target volumes
      derived from computed tomography (CT) scans in 60 patients with bladder cancer.
      This has demonstrated inadequacies of the cystograms due to the inability to
      delineate extravesical spread of tumour and, as many patients with bladder cancer
      had a significant residual urine, emptying the bladder by catheterisation may
      have given a false impression of the shape and size of the target volume.
      Analysis of the results showed that cystographic localisation resulted in serious
      underdosage of the tumour in 18% of patients and failure to include all the
      bladder in 37%. Conventionally produced target volumes showed potentially
      significant discrepancies in 85% of patients when compared with target volumes
      delineated by CT.

PMID- 6822031
TI  - Clinical implications of 2-hydroxydesipramine plasma concentrations.
AB  - The clinical utility of 2-hydroxydesipramine (2-OH-DMI) measurements was
      evaluated by examining the relationship of 2-OH-DMI concentrations in plasma to
      clinical outcome and side effects in depressed inpatients treated with
      desipramine (DMI). Studies were performed in responders and nonresponders to
      treatment and in patients experiencing subjective side effects or major adverse
      reactions necessitating interruption of treatment. Unlike DMI concentrations, 2
      OH-DMI concentrations did not correlate with response. Summing the concentrations
      of parent drug and metabolite (DMI + 2-OH-DMI) did not improve the correlation
      over that achieved with DMI alone. Neither DMI, 2-OH-DMI, nor their sum
      correlated with subjective side effect totals or major adverse reactions. While
      our data do not permit any conclusions regarding the clinical activity of 2-OH
      DMI, they suggest that its routine measurement in plasma is not likely to be
      useful in the management of depression.

PMID- 6822033
TI  - The results of radiation therapy in advanced carcinoma of the lung in the Beijing
      region of China.
AB  - From 1958 to 1973, 682 patients with lung cancer were treated by radiation
      therapy in the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing,
      China. The clinical presentation, sex, age, histology and stage and palliative
      effects of radiation therapy were reported. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates
      were 40.62, 8.94 and 3.81%, respectively. The prognostic factors such as staging,
      histology, combination with chemotherapy and response of tumours are discussed.
      The causes of failure are also analysed. It is suggested that improving the local
      control rate of squamous cell carcinoma would increase the survival rate.

PMID- 6822034
TI  - Clinical prospects for nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 6822035
TI  - Computed tomography in adrenal disease.
AB  - Ninety-eight patients with suspected adrenal disease were examined by computed
      tomography (CT). In 73 patients adrenal disease was confirmed on biochemical and
      other grounds (Cushing's syndrome (38), primary aldosteronism (8),
      phaeochromocytoma (12), androgen excess (7), Addison's disease (1) and non
      functioning adrenal masses (7)). The CT appearances of hyperplasia and benign and
      malignant adrenal tumours are described in detail. Ninety-six per cent of the
      adrenal glands were identified, and all but one of the 39 adrenal mass lesions
      were correctly identified and localised by CT. The failure to identify some
      adrenal glands and one adrenal tumour was related to a paucity of intra-abdominal
      fat. Two abdominal ectopic phaeochromocytoma were not identified (in one patient
      because the appropriate area was not scanned). The 25 patients examined with
      unproven adrenal disease had normal glands on CT. That some hyperplastic glands
      appear normal on CT precludes its use as a screening procedure for biochemically
      unproven adrenal disease. Computed tomography allows the differentiation of
      adrenal hyperplasia from functioning adrenal tumours, and the differentiation of
      benign from malignant lesions with a high degree of certainty; it is the method
      of choice for the identification and localisation of adrenal tumours.

PMID- 6822036
TI  - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a fresh approach to the diagnosis.
AB  - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition occurring in early
      infancy. The traditional approach to the diagnosis has been clinical, relying on
      the palpation of a 'tumour' caused by the muscular thickening of the pylorus. In
      doubtful cases a barium meal is diagnostic. Ultrasound, with the lack of hazards
      associated with radiation, provides an additional method of investigation which
      is accurate and will diagnose some cases in which no pyloric tumour is palpable.
      This will spare infants from a barium meal but there are still cases in which a
      barium meal will be necessary because a tumour cannot be palpated or demonstrated
      by ultrasound.

PMID- 6822037
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of simple and ectopic ureteroceles.
AB  - Ureteroceles appear as transonic intravesical lesions on ultrasonic demonstration
      of the bladder, producing a 'cyst within a cyst' appearance. Four patients, three
      with simple ureteroceles and one with an ectopic ureterocele were investigated by
      intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasound (US) and cystoscopy. Two patients had
      bilateral simple ureteroceles with non-dilated ureters and two had unilateral
      ureteroceles, one simple, and one ectopic with a hydroureter. Previously
      ultrasonography of the fluid-filled bladder has demonstrated only large
      ureteroceles. The present study was successful in demonstrating both large and
      small ureteroceles.

PMID- 6822038
TI  - The radiology of renal stones in children.
AB  - Fifty children with urinary stones have been reviewed. Most stones were found in
      boys and there was a peak incidence in the first year of life. Urinary infection
      was present in 80% and haematuria was the presenting symptom in more than a
      quarter. Congenital metabolic abnormalities were rare but primary non-refluxing
      wide ureter was present in 10%. The adult intravenous urogram pattern of acute
      ureteric obstruction was not seen. The importance of bringing a child back for
      repeat control films after a drink in order to detect all the stones is stressed.

PMID- 6822039
TI  - Aorto-enteric fistulae: the role of radiology.
AB  - Four patients with aorto-enteric fistulae are reported and a fifth case of
      jejunal ulceration is included, which is thought to be the early state of fistula
      formation. The clinical presentation and radiological investigation of these
      patients is described and discussed. The most important presenting symptom is of
      bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Analysis of the pre-operative
      investigations showed that barium studies were diagnostic in each of the cases.
      The important role of the radiologist, in making the diagnosis of an aortoenteric
      fistula in patients who have had aortic reconstructive surgery, is emphasised.

PMID- 6822040
TI  - The accuracy of the plain abdominal radiograph in assessing colonic faecal
      contamination.
AB  - A prospective study of 333 out-patients assessed the accuracy of determining
      colonic cleansing from the plain abdominal radiograph. The results indicate that
      the amount of colon contaminated with faeces was significantly underestimated and
      the difference in efficacy between the best and worst preparation regimens could
      not be detected from the plain film. Nevertheless, plain films have been used in
      comparative studies of preparation regimens for barium enema. It is suggested
      that results so obtained are misleading and that comparisons are best made on
      barium films alone.

PMID- 6822041
TI  - A new oral bowel evacuant (Picolax) for colon cleansing.

PMID- 6822042
TI  - Femoral artery flow and pain during lumbar aortography: comparison of ionic and
      non-ionic contrast media.
AB  - A method is described for non-invasively measuring the increase in lower limb
      blood flow during transfemoral lumbar aortography. Flow measurements were made
      using a continuous wave Doppler-shift ultrasound transducer placed over the
      contralateral femoral artery. The effect of the non-ionic contrast medium B15000
      (Iopamidol), conventional contrast medium (Urografin 370) and Urografin 370 plus
      Lignocaine were compared in a double-blind trial. All three produced an increase
      in flow which reached a peak between 12 and 45 s after injection. The peak flow
      following Iopamidol was significantly lower than that from both Urografin 370
      alone and with addition of Lignocaine. There was a difference of lesser degree
      between Urografin 370 plus Lignocaine and Urografin 370 alone; however, this was
      not statistically significant. The subjective assessments of pain and patient
      'discomfort' paralleled these objective flow measurements.

PMID- 6822043
TI  - Infective complications of splenic trauma.

PMID- 6822044
TI  - Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection in Hodgkin's disease: pathogenesis and
      prevention.
AB  - After staging splenectomy, the risk of overwhelming sepsis in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease reaches 21% in certain subgroups. Youth, recent splenectomy and
      vigorous chemoradiotherapy predispose patients to this complication. Because of
      its explosive course and its known microbiology, post-splenectomy sepsis is
      better suited to prevention than to treatment. Since immunisation prior to
      treatment produces good antibody responses, all patients with Hodgkin's disease
      should probably be vaccinated against encapsulated bacteria at least 10 days
      prior to the onset of therapy.

PMID- 6822045
TI  - A method for integrating computed tomography into radiotherapy planning and
      treatment.
AB  - A technique is described for accurate localisation and radiotherapy treatment
      planning for a wide range of intrathoracic, abdominal and pelvic tumours. It
      allows the patient to proceed in one step from a single examination by computed
      tomography (CT) to treatment and avoids the need for separate treatment
      simulation. Compatible laser-beam positioning systems between the CT scanner and
      treatment-machine rooms ensure accurate reproduction of patient position, so that
      CT data are directly applicable to treatment. The use of appropriate skin
      markers, which appear on the CT scan, allows accurate measurements of the
      distance of the centre of the planned volume from a tattoo placed on the patient
      at the time of the scan, and ensures that the planned treatment fields are
      accurately directed.

PMID- 6822047
TI  - Changes in liver glycogen and glycolytic intermediates during abdominal surgery
      in man.
AB  - 1. Changes in liver glycogen and glycolytic intermediates were determined in ten
      patients undergoing abdominal surgery for carcinoma of the colon. 2. One hour of
      surgery resulted in a 19% decrease in liver glycogen, together with an increase
      in hepatic glucose 6-phosphate and glucose concentrations. 3. Blood glucose
      increased from 5.01 to 6.67 mmol/l during the hour between liver biopsies. 4. We
      conclude that the hyperglycaemia of surgery is associated with stimulation of
      hepatic glycogenolysis.

PMID- 6822046
TI  - Whole-body protein turnover before and after resection of colorectal tumours.
AB  - 1. The rate of whole-body nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and protein breakdown
      were measured in patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes A-C) just before and 12
      weeks after surgical removal of the tumour. The rates were determined from the
      urinary excretion of 15N in ammonia and in urea over a 9 h period after an oral
      dose of [15N]glycine. 2. The food intake during the 2 study days was identical
      for individual patients. The amount each received was determined from measurement
      of their intake of food ad libitum on the day preceding the pre-operative study
      and was consumed in six equal portions every 2 h during the experimental period.
      3. No significant differences in the rates of nitrogen flux, protein synthesis
      and protein breakdown were found before and after tumour resection, whether
      calculated from the excretion of 15N in ammonia or in urea. Some changes in flux,
      both increases and decreases, were observed in individual patients after tumour
      removal but these could not be related to classification of the tumour, or to the
      presence of pre-operative anorexia or weight loss. 4. The results suggest that
      the primary tumour itself does not alter the overall rate of protein metabolism
      in the whole body.

PMID- 6822048
TI  - Glucose turnover and indices of recycling in thyrotoxicosis and primary thyroid
      failure.

PMID- 6822049
TI  - Cholinergic manifestations of the acute autonomic reaction to hypoglycaemia in
      man.
AB  - 1. The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on pupil size, parotid salivary
      secretion and sweating were studied in seven normal volunteers. 2. Hypoglycaemia
      was associated with an acute stimulation of parotid salivary secretion and of
      sweating, synchronous in onset with the rise in heart rate. There was no clear
      evidence of concurrent pupillary constriction.

PMID- 6822050
TI  - Pain and fatigue after concentric and eccentric muscle contractions.
AB  - 1. Normal subjects performed a step test in which the quadriceps of one leg
      contracted concentrically while the contralateral muscle contracted
      eccentrically. 2. Maximal voluntary force and the force: frequency relationship
      were altered bilaterally as a result of the exercise, the changes being greater
      in the muscle which had contracted eccentrically. Recovery occurred over 24 h. 3.
      Electromyographic studies using three sites on each muscle showed an increase in
      electrical activation during the exercise only in the muscle which was
      contracting eccentrically. Recovery followed a time course similar to that of the
      contractile properties. 4. Pain and tenderness developed only in the muscle which
      had contracted eccentrically. Pain was first noted approximately 8 h after
      exercise and was maximal at approximately 48 h after exercise, at which time
      force generation and electrical activation had returned to pre-exercise values.
      5. Eccentric contractions cause more profound changes in some aspects of muscle
      function than concentric contractions. These changes cannot be explained in
      simple metabolic terms, and it is suggested that they are the result of
      mechanical trauma caused by the high tension generated in relatively few active
      fibres during eccentric contractions.

PMID- 6822051
TI  - Factors influencing the regional deposition of inhaled particles in man.
AB  - 1. Although ventilation in normal human lungs has been shown to decrease from
      apex to base, comparable observations are lacking in regard to particle
      deposition. 2. We compared regional ventilation and particle deposition in normal
      subjects by using radioactive xenon and a radioactive aerosol while sitting,
      lying, and while breathing at an increased rate. Both smokers and non-smokers
      were studied. 3. Particle deposition and ventilation were closely related, and
      the greater the ventilation the greater the deposition of particles, a situation
      which prevailed irrespective of position and breathing rate. While supine, the
      apex to base gradient for both ventilation and particle deposition decreased but
      did not entirely disappear. At higher respiratory rates, central deposition of
      particles, especially in smokers, increased. 4. We concluded that there are
      regional differences in the deposition of particles and that such differences are
      closely related to regional ventilation.

PMID- 6822052
TI  - A study on the distribution of body fluids after rapid saline expansion in normal
      subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency: preferential intravascular
      deposition in renal failure.
AB  - 1. The effect of rapid intravenous infusion of 25 ml of isotonic sodium chloride
      solution (saline)/kg body weight on extracellular fluid volume (ECFV, 82Br
      distribution volume), plasma volume (131I-labelled albumin distribution volume)
      and blood volume (from plasma volume and packed cell volume) was studied in nine
      normal subjects and a group of 11 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
      2. Immediately after the infusion, the increases in ECFV were equal in the two
      groups but the increases in plasma and blood volumes were significantly larger in
      the patients with ESRD. 3. Ninety minutes after the end of the infusion, the
      blood volume/ECFV ratio was significantly decreased from the control value in the
      normal subjects, but slightly increased in the patients with ESRD. 4. It is
      concluded that in severe renal failure the control of fluid distribution is
      changed in a way which leads to a preferential distribution of rapidly infused
      saline into the intravascular compartment.

PMID- 6822053
TI  - Erythrocyte sodium and potassium in patients with hypokalaemia.
AB  - 1. The erythrocyte content of sodium and of potassium were measured in 231
      unselected patients with hypokalaemia, and together with net ouabain-sensitive
      sodium efflux in patients with severe hypokalaemia, before (20 patients) and
      during potassium repletion (14 patients). 2. The erythrocytes of the patients
      with hypokalaemia compared with control subjects had on average an increase in
      sodium content, a decrease in potassium content and a reduction in the rate
      constant of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux. All three changes had a similar
      curvilinear relation to the concentration of potassium in plasma with relatively
      little change in the measured variable unless the plasma potassium was very low.
      3. There was a similar curvilinear relation between the final sodium and
      potassium content of normal erythrocytes and the potassium concentration of the
      medium in which they were incubated for 48 h in vitro. 4. These results suggest
      that the changes in the sodium and potassium content of erythrocytes in
      hypokalaemia are due to a direct inhibiting effect of the hypokalaemia on the
      activity of the sodium pump. 5. In many patients with hypokalaemia of moderate
      degree the increase in erythrocyte sodium content was less than expected from the
      effect in vitro of a low extracellular potassium concentration. This finding
      suggests that a compensatory change, presumably an increase in the number of
      sodium pumps, is a common event even in moderate hypokalaemia.

PMID- 6822054
TI  - Effect of hypokalaemia on the ouabain-sensitive sodium transport and the ouabain
      binding capacity in human erythrocytes.
AB  - 1. The sodium content, the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux and efflux rate
      constant and the ouabain-binding capacity were measured in the erythrocytes of 53
      patients with hypokalaemia and in 37 healthy controls. The sodium content alone
      was measured in a further 57 patients with hypokalaemia. 2. In the patients with
      hypokalaemia there was an increase in the average sodium content of the
      erythrocytes, which was entirely due to a reduction in the ouabain-sensitive
      efflux rate constant. 3. The ratio of the ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant
      to the number of sodium pumps was decreased in the patients with hypokalaemia,
      and was directly related to the plasma potassium. 4. Many patients with moderate
      hypokalaemia had normal erythrocyte sodium and potassium contents and normal
      ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant. These patients had an increased number of
      sodium pumps, which compensated for the inhibitory effect of hypokalaemia on each
      sodium pump. 5. This increase in the number of sodium pumps was common even in
      patients who had probably had hypokalaemia for less than 2 weeks. This finding
      suggests that there are latent sodium pumps within the circulating erythrocytes.

PMID- 6822055
TI  - Changes in haem synthesis associated with occupational exposure to organic and
      inorganic sulphides.
AB  - 1. Analysis of reticulocytes for delta-amino-laevulinic acid synthase (AmLev
      synthase, EC 2.3.1.37) and haem synthase (EC 4.99.1.1) activity in 17 workers in
      pulp production with low-level hydrogen sulphide and methylmercaptan exposure
      showed decreased activities in eight and six cases respectively. 2. Erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin concentration was below the control range in seven cases. 3. Low
      AmLev synthase and haem synthase activities were found in one patient with
      hydrogen sulphide intoxication 1 week after the event. The activities had
      returned to the control levels 2 months later, though erythrocyte protoporphyrin
      remained abnormally low. 4. In vitro, hydrogen sulphide inhibited haem synthase
      with an apparent Ki of 3.4 mmol/l. Sulphide anion, on the other hand, inhibited
      AmLev synthase activity 85% at 10 mmol/l concentration. Thiosulphate anion
      inhibited AmLev synthase activity 18% (Ki 27 mmol/l) and haem synthase activity
      43% at 10 mmol/l concentration. Selenite inhibited AmLev synthase (Ki 5.1 mmol/l)
      and haem synthase (Ki 9.0 mmol/l). 5. The assay of AmLev synthase and haem
      synthase could be a valuable addition to the assessment of workers' health in
      industries generating hydrogen sulphide or/and methylmercaptan, although the
      mechanism of the toxic effect remains speculative.

PMID- 6822056
TI  - Clearance and non-invasive determination of the hepatic extraction of indocyanine
      green in baboons and man.
AB  - 1. The disposition of an intravenous bolus of indocyanine green (ICG) has been
      studied in healthy man and baboons using a novel analysis of a two compartment
      pharmacokinetic model. 2. This analysis enabled the hepatic extraction ratio (ER)
      of dye to be determined solely from the plasma disappearance curve, and the ER
      determined did not differ from that measured by hepatic vein catheterization. 3.
      When compared with clearance measured at steady state, the two compartment model
      gave a significantly more accurate determination of plasma clearance than did the
      conventional one compartment model. 4. It is concluded that, in health, liver
      blood flow may be calculated accurately and non-invasively after a single
      intravenous injection of ICG.

PMID- 6822057
TI  - Effect of nicotinic acid on acylglycerol metabolism in human adipose tissue.
AB  - 1. The effect of nicotinic acid on the metabolism of acylglycerols was
      investigated in human adipose tissue incubated with [U-14C]-glucose. 2. Nicotinic
      acid caused a 25% inhibition of the conversion of [U-14C]glucose into total
      lipids of adipose tissue, which was solely attributed to a decrease in the
      formation of the glyceride-glycerol moiety of triacylglycerols. There was no
      effect on the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to carbon dioxide by nicotinic acid.
      The drug inhibited the rate of glycerol release by 50% and significantly reduced
      the tissue level of diacylglycerols but did not alter the tissue concentration of
      monoacylglycerols. 3. It is concluded that in human adipose tissue nicotinic acid
      inhibits both the synthesis and hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and influences the
      metabolism of diacylglycerols.

PMID- 6822059
TI  - A dissenting view of the significance of 3-methylhistidine excretion in cirrhotic
      patients.

PMID- 6822058
TI  - Adenosine diphosphate-degrading activity in placenta.
AB  - 1. The degradation of ADP by the placenta and umbilical artery was investigated.
      2. Supernatants from incubations of finely chopped placental and umbilical
      arterial tissue were incubated with [14C]ADP for various durations from 0 to 30
      min. 3. Products of ADP degradation were separated by thin-layer chromatography
      and radioactivity incorporated into each product was measured. 4. Placental
      supernatants induced a more rapid degradation of ADP than the umbilical artery
      supernatants. The main product of ADP degradation by placental supernatants at 30
      min was adenosine, whereas that of umbilical artery was AMP. 5. This conversion
      by placenta of ADP, a potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor, into
      adenosine, a potent platelet anti-aggregator and vasodilator, may be important in
      the maintenance of perfusion of the foetoplacental unit.

PMID- 6822060
TI  - Baroreflex function after therapy withdrawal in patients with essential
      hypertension.
AB  - 1. Baroreceptor sensitivity and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline were
      assessed in patients with essential hypertension chronically treated with
      diuretics during treatment and 6-8 weeks after its withdrawal. 2. Stopping
      diuretics was followed by an increase in mean arterial blood pressure and
      vascular reactivity, while baroreceptor sensitivity decreased. 3. Baroreceptor
      sensitivity during treatment correlated directly with the time during which
      patients remained normotensive after stopping diuretics. 4. An inverse
      correlation was found between vascular reactivity and baroreceptor sensitivity
      after diuretic withdrawal and between the patients' age and baroreceptor
      sensitivity during diuretic therapy. 5. We conclude that the impairment of
      baroreceptor sensitivity after stopping diuretic therapy could result in an
      enhanced vascular response to noradrenaline, and a sensitive baroreflex could
      contribute to the control of blood pressure during diuretic treatment and buffers
      the return of high blood pressure when diuretics are stopped.

PMID- 6822061
TI  - The role of cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferents in blood volume homoeostasis in
      the non-human primate.
AB  - 1. Four Macaca fascicularis monkeys were bilaterally sympathectomized by removing
      the thoracic sympathetic chain from the middle cervical ganglion to the T-6
      sympathetic ganglion. This was done chronically, allowing adequate recovery time.
      While under light pentobarbital anaesthesia, the animals were then subjected to
      blood volume expansions with isotonic, isooncotic dextran or to head-out
      immersions. Seven immersions and seven volume expansions were carried out. 2.
      With immersion, there were significant increases in blood pressure, central
      venous pressure, urine flow, sodium excretion, potassium excretion, glomerular
      filtration rate, percentage of filtered sodium excreted and free water clearance.
      Although blood pressure and central venous pressure initially increased during
      the first immersion period, heart rate continued to increase with the immersion,
      while blood pressure and central venous pressure remained constant. Volume
      expansion caused an increase in central venous pressure, urine flow, sodium and
      potassium excretion, osmolar clearance, free water clearance, percentage of
      filtered sodium excreted and glomerular filtration rate. 3. Since these results
      with both the immersions and volume expansions were not qualitatively different
      from those observed in control animals, it is concluded that cardiopulmonary
      sympathetic afferents are not necessary for the renal response to head-out
      immersion or blood volume expansion in the non-human primate.

PMID- 6822062
TI  - The effect of experimental rat tumours on progesterone binding in the host liver.
AB  - 1. The effect of the R3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma on progesterone binding
      in the liver of female F344 rats has been studied. The growth of the transplanted
      tumour shows a positive correlation with increased binding of progesterone to the
      endoplasmic reticulum. 2. Both total binding rate and saturation level in the
      formation of specific progesterone microsomal receptor complex are increased. 3.
      This is paralleled by an elevated progesterone content of microsomal membranes.
      4. In contrast, nonspecific progesterone binding in the microsomes is reduced.
      These results may represent a paraneoplastic change.

PMID- 6822063
TI  - Growth hormone-induced changes in myofibrillar protein breakdown in hypopituitary
      children.
AB  - 1. Creatinine and N tau-methylhistidine excretion rates have been measured in 13
      hypopituitary children to calculate the body muscle contents and rates of
      myofibrillar protein breakdown. Analyses have been made during periods of growth
      hormone withdrawal and subsequent administration. 2. The creatinine excretion
      rate was lower in the hypopituitary children, indicating a lower muscle content
      per kg body weight. This difference persisted even in children who had received
      growth hormone for several years. 3. Excretion of N tau-methylhistidine was
      reduced by the administration of growth hormone. 4. The fractional breakdown rate
      of myofibrillar protein, as calculated from the N tau-methylhistidine to
      creatinine molar excretion ratio, averaged 1.76%/day in the four youngest
      children during growth hormone withdrawal. This was significantly higher than for
      control children of a similar age (P less than 0.02) and was reduced to the
      normal rate of 1.47%/day by growth hormone administration. 5. In older children
      the fractional rate of myofibrillar protein degradation remained in the normal
      range irrespective of growth hormone treatment. 6. These results are discussed in
      the context of the anabolic effects of growth hormone on muscle being partly
      explained by its action to decrease rates of protein breakdown.

PMID- 6822064
TI  - Alterations in tyrosine and protein kinetics produced by injury and branched
      chain amino acid administration in rats.
AB  - 1. To determine whether the alterations in amino acid metabolism after injury
      were a result of changes in protein synthesis, whole body tyrosine and individual
      tissue protein kinetics were estimated 24 h after three different forms of stress
      in rats. 2. In addition, injured rats were either starved or infused with 180 mg
      of nitrogen/day (as branched chain amino acids or L-alanine) to ascertain whether
      the mechanism and degree of nitrogen sparing were unique to branched chain amino
      acid administration or whether they could be attributed to the infusion of alpha
      amino nitrogen. 3. In the more catabolic types of injury, increased nitrogen loss
      during starvation appeared to be due to both an increased plasma amino acid
      appearance and a greater percentage being oxidized. Rates of tyrosine
      incorporation into whole body protein were also enhanced and could be explained
      in part by increases in the fractional synthesis rate of hepatic non-secretory
      protein. 4. Both branched chain amino acid and L-alanine administration reduced
      endogenous tyrosine oxidation and improved nitrogen balance. However, branched
      chain amino acid administration significantly increased amino acid incorporation
      into whole body protein and fractional synthetic rates of skeletal muscle, kidney
      and hepatic non-secretory protein. 5. It is concluded that the catabolic response
      to severe injury is consistent with increased rates of plasma amino acid
      appearance and branched chain amino acid administration spares body protein by
      improving amino acid utilization for whole body protein synthesis.

PMID- 6822065
TI  - Purine transport and metabolism in man: the effect of exercise on concentrations
      of purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides in plasma, urine, leucocytes and
      erythrocytes.
AB  - 1. After decreasing muscle ATP by a 2 min period of intense exercise, we have
      studied purine metabolism by using high-pressure liquid chromatography. 2. A
      major increase in hypoxanthine concentration in plasma and urine was found with
      increases in xanthine and, in plasma, inosine. Erythrocyte hypoxanthine rose with
      the level in plasma, but there was no corresponding rise in IMP, the first
      intracellular metabolite of hypoxanthine. No rises in uridine or urate were found
      in plasma. 3. Plasma adenosine did not rise and fall significantly after
      exercise, but a small rise and fall in adenine nucleotide concentrations in
      plasma was found. 4. Running, swimming and games, which tended to be at the
      weekend, were associated with a rise in hypoxanthine and xanthine excretion;
      exercise was probably the cause of the higher excretion during the day than at
      night. Such activities do not produce changes in concentrations of ATP in muscle,
      although turnover must rise. 5. The results are consistent with widespread purine
      exchange between tissues and a 'circulating hypoxanthine pool'.

PMID- 6822067
TI  - Fluid and blood therapy in anesthesia.

PMID- 6822066
TI  - Mucosal enzyme activities, with special reference to enzymes implicated in
      bicarbonate secretion, in the duodenum of rats with cysteamine-induced ulcers.
AB  - 1. Duodenal mucosa was collected from control rats and from animals which had
      received cysteamine, cysteamine plus cimetidine or pentagastrin. Animals which
      received cysteamine with or without cimetidine developed acute duodenal ulcers.
      Cysteamine treatment resulted in gastric acid hypersecretion, which was largely
      abolished by concurrent cimetidine administration. 2. Activities of enzymes
      implicated in bicarbonate secretion, HCO3--activated ATPase, carbonic anhydrase
      and Na+ + K+-activated ATPase, were measured in the duodenal mucosa of control
      rats and animals 24 h after subcutaneous administration of cysteamine. Assays of
      these enzymes in duodenal mucosal homogenates from animals with cysteamine
      induced ulcers showed significant decreases in HCO3--activated ATPase and
      carbonic anhydrase activities compared with controls. 3. Alkaline phosphatase
      activity also fell significantly in the cysteamine-treated animals, and possibly
      reflects the HCO3---activated ATPase activity in the brush-border membrane. In
      contrast, activities of other marker enzymes from the brush-border membrane and
      from several intracellular organelles were unchanged, indicating an absence of
      gross organelle pathology in this experimental model. 4. Similar changes in
      enzyme activity were not caused by treatment with pentagastrin. Administration of
      cimetidine with the cysteamine did not protect the animals against ulceration,
      and the activity of HCO3--activated ATPase was persistently decreased. However,
      the carbonic anhydrase activity was unaltered in this latter group, compared with
      controls. 5. These findings suggest that in cysteamine-induced duodenal
      ulceration both gastric acid hypersecretion and impaired duodenal resistance
      occurs. It is suggested that decreased activities of key enzymes implicated in
      HCO3--secretion may reflect the biochemical basis for the decreased mucosal
      resistance.

PMID- 6822068
TI  - Balanced salt solutions as renal prophylaxis.

PMID- 6822070
TI  - Intraoperative fluid therapy in pediatrics.

PMID- 6822069
TI  - Practical considerations in transfusion techniques during anesthesia.

PMID- 6822071
TI  - Postoperative nitrous oxide analgesia and the functional residual capacity.
AB  - Surgery of the upper abdomen is associated with the greatest demand for
      postoperative analgesia and also is marked by depressed pulmonary function,
      arterial hypoxemia, and pulmonary complications. Nitrous oxide (N2O) in
      concentrations of 15-25% is a potent analgesic and is relatively free of untoward
      side effects if administered for a maximum of 48 h. In the present study, the
      effect of N2O analgesia on postoperative lung function, in particular, the
      functional residual capacity (FRC), is examined. Eighteen cholecystectomy
      patients received either a narcotic (N = 11) or N2O (N = 7) for postoperative
      analgesia. N2O-treated patients had satisfactory analgesia and maintained FRC at
      normal levels. Narcotic treated patients had a fall of 22% in FRC. N2O had no
      effect on the formed elements in peripheral blood.

PMID- 6822072
TI  - Comparison of intravascular PO2 with transcutaneous and PaO2 values.

PMID- 6822073
TI  - Emergency cricothyroidotomy in the patient with massive neck swelling: Part 1:
      Anatomical aspects.
AB  - A method for localizing the hyoid bone in normal adult and children subjects is
      presented. The reliability of this calculated value in permitting localization of
      the hyoid was examined in 200 adult subjects in relationship to age, sex, neck
      size, and ethnic origin. The same method was utilized in 198 children with
      similar results. It was found to be a constant and remarkably predictable
      dimension which was unaffected by any of these variables. Because the hyoid
      serves as a frame from which the respiratory passage is suspended, it can be
      easily located and used to stabilize and retract superiorly and anteriorly the
      larynx and trachea, allowing easier access to these structures by a tracheotomy
      or cricothyroidotomy in the patient with massive neck swelling where emergency
      tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy are difficult.

PMID- 6822074
TI  - Emergency cricothyroidotomy in the patient with massive neck swelling. Part 2:
      Clinical aspects.
AB  - A technique has been described for emergency tracheotomy in a patient with
      massive neck swelling which utilizes the hyoid bone to permit localization of the
      midline of the neck and manual surgical traction of the larynx. The method for
      localizing the hyoid bone in a patient with massive neck swelling requires only
      one measurement to be taken: from the angle of the mandible to the mental
      protuberance. From this measurement, one can locate the hyoid bone with ease.
      This procedure has been performed in 5 cadavers and 7 patients with excellent
      results, providing rapid access to the airway within less than 2 min. The authors
      believe that the procedure permits rapid access to the airway in patients with
      massive neck swelling in whom emergency tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy is
      difficult and time consuming.

PMID- 6822075
TI  - Effect of the dynamic response of transducer-tubing system on accuracy of direct
      blood pressure measurement in patients.
AB  - The dynamic responses of 3 transducer-tubing systems (TTS) were documented using
      square and sine wave generators. The TTS tested were P23 ID with 5 feet tubing
      (P23-5'), P23 ID with 6 inches tubing (P23-6") and P50A transducer with no tubing
      (P50). Natural frequencies were 45, 33, and 7 Hz for P50, P23-6", and P23-5',
      respectively. All were underdamped (damping coefficients 0.1-0.3). Simultaneous
      measurements of blood pressures by the 3 TTS revealed that systolic pressures
      recorded by P23-5' were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than by P23-6"
      (17%) and P50 (16%). This difference was not influenced by the size of the
      arterial cannula or by the heart rate. However, the differences were greater with
      radial, compared to brachial arterial cannulation (p less than 0.02). There were
      no differences in systolic pressures measured with P23-6" and P50. There were no
      differences in diastolic or electronic mean pressures recorded by the 3 TTS.

PMID- 6822076
TI  - Central venous and pulmonary artery pressure measurements with a single
      transducer.

PMID- 6822077
TI  - Mathematical model to study fluid and protein transfer in pulmonary edema in man.

PMID- 6822078
TI  - Postoperative management of a severely anemic Jehovah's Witness.
AB  - Preoperative preparation and intraoperative techniques to minimize blood loss
      comprise standard therapy for the patient who refuses blood products on religious
      grounds. The severely anemic postoperative patient presents a particular problem
      in dealing with oxygen transport and consumption. The management of a Jehovah's
      Witness with a hematocrit of 6.6% is presented. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was
      decreased 30-50% by the use of body surface cooling, neuromuscular blocking
      agents, and narcotic-barbiturate administration.

PMID- 6822079
TI  - A critical look at critical care.

PMID- 6822080
TI  - Nutritional support and weaning from mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6822081
TI  - Nutrition and the respiratory system.

PMID- 6822082
TI  - Discharge decision-making in a medical ICU: characteristics of unexpected
      readmissions.
AB  - To identify those patients most likely to be readmitted to a Medical ICU (MICU),
      we studied 512 MICU admissions during a 1-yr period. There were 36 readmissions
      within the same hospitalization in that interval. When ICU deaths and short-term
      drug overdoses were excluded, these 36 readmissions comprised 12% of all patients
      discharged from MICU. The mortality rate of this group was 58%, greater than
      twice the overall mortality rate for the year. Fifty-three % of the patients were
      readmitted because of recurrence of their initial disease on admission, with
      septicemia being the most common disease. Another 30% were readmitted because of
      a new complication, one-half of which were medication toxicities. We have
      attempted to delineate diseases, medications, and complications which may predict
      the high-risk discharge from MICU. Further studies to identify high-risk and low
      risk admissions and discharges will effect better use of intensive care.

PMID- 6822084
TI  - Measurement of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Determining adequacy of mechanical ventilation is as important during CPR as in a
      more stable situation (such as, a patient on a ventilator in an ICU). Yet, such
      assessment during CPR usually only means listening for breath sounds, checking
      chest excursion, and blood gases. Exhaled tidal volume (VT) was measured on 45
      intubated adult patients during resuscitation using a Wright's spirometer
      attached to a T-valve above the endotracheal tube. Ten patients had aspiration
      prior to intubation; 15 received advanced cardiac life support in the field,
      including esophageal airway insertion. CPR was performed in all cases with a
      mechanical compression device (Thumper). The pressure ventilator on this device
      was calibrated (peak inspiratory pressure, VT vs compliance) using a Dixie Test
      Lung, allowing indirect assessment of pulmonary compliance during CPR. Our
      findings suggest that lung compliance is markedly reduced within a short time
      after cardiac arrest. Fifty-five % of patients in this series could not be
      adequately oxygenated (PaO2 less than 50 torr) despite an FIO2 of 0.8 and
      adequate ventilation. Due to the reduced cardiac output during CPR causing
      venoarterial shunting, it is speculated that pulmonary edema is the most
      plausible explanation for this observation.

PMID- 6822083
TI  - Clinical correlates of the spectrum of lung microvascular injury in human
      noncardiac edema.
AB  - We measured the clearance from blood to pulmonary edema fluid of a small
      molecular weight hydrophilic radiotracer, Indium-111-DTPA (In-DTPA) and a larger
      molecular weight radiotracer, Iodine-125-HSA (I-HSA), in patients with pulmonary
      edema on either a cardiac or noncardiac (permeability) basis. In previous
      investigations, we had noted an apparent relationship between the magnitude of
      clearance of I-HSA across the alveolocapillary membrane and the severity of
      noncardiac pulmonary edema. In this study, we were able to distinguish at least 2
      distinct groups of patients with noncardiac pulmonary edema. Patients with the
      greatest damage to the alveolo-capillary exchanging membrane, defined by the flux
      of I-HSA from blood to edema fluid, were significantly differentiated from those
      with a lesser microvascular injury on the basis of higher mean heart rate (HR),
      temperature, cardiac index (CI), pulmonary artery pressures, right ventricular
      stroke work index (RVSWI), and a lower mean total white blood cell count (WBC),
      among others. Therefore, noncardiac pulmonary edema is characterized by a
      spectrum of permeability injury to the pulmonary microvasculature which seems to
      parallel other measurable indices of the severity of the systemic response to the
      illness.

PMID- 6822085
TI  - Nutritional status in intensive care patients: evaluation in 84 unselected
      patients.
AB  - A prospective nutritional evaluation of 84 unselected patients admitted to a
      multidisciplinary ICU was performed using anthropometric measurements, creatinine
      height index (CHI), and serum protein assays. All values tested were
      significantly lower than those of 40 healthy controls. A matrix of correlation
      coefficients showed many similarities among the variables studied. Fatal outcome
      and poor prognosis indices, such as sepsis and renal failure, were analyzed
      separately. Anthropometric measurements and CHI were not different in the
      separate groups. Albumin (Alb) and transferrin (Tr) were not different in
      patients with or without sepsis. Retinol binding prealbumin was significantly
      higher in patients with renal failure. Thyroxin-binding prealbumin (TBPA) was
      significantly lower in all the groups. We emphasize the interest of this rapid
      turnover protein in evaluating nutritional status. We suggest: (1) a systematic
      nutritional assessment, and (2) an aggressive nutritional support in the ICU
      patient.

PMID- 6822086
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic value of auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses in
      comatose children.
AB  - The efficacy of auditory nerve brainstem evoked response (ABR) in the diagnosis
      and localization of brainstem lesions and its prognostic value in determining
      outcome were examined in 30 deeply comatose children. The ABR recordings obtained
      from each patient were correlated with the clinical, ancillary examinations and
      final outcome of these children. Clinical and ancillary examinations indicated
      damage to the cerebrum alone in 14 patients. In these children, ABR was found to
      be within normal limits. Isolated brainstem lesion was suggested by these
      examinations in 4 patients and their ABR recording showed absence of one or more
      of the brainstem response wave components or a prolonged brainstem transmission
      time (BTT). In 12 patients, damage to both the cerebrum and brainstem was
      suspected by clinical and laboratory examinations. In 8 patients, partial absence
      of brainstem waves or prolonged BTT was found. In 4, there was complete absence
      of all brainstem waves. All patients, regardless of etiology or depth of coma,
      with normal ABR, survived. Conversely, all children with complete absence of
      brainstem response waves succumbed. The prognosis of patients with partial
      absence of brainstem waves or prolonged BTT was variable. Some survived while
      others remained in a vegetative state or died. Our study demonstrates the
      importance of ABR in the diagnosis and localization of brainstem lesions and its
      value as a prognosticator of outcome in deeply comatose children.

PMID- 6822087
TI  - Efficacy and safety of defibrillation with rectangular waves of 2- to 20
      milliseconds duration.
AB  - The effect of suprathreshold defibrillator shocks on cardiac function was
      compared in 8 isolated, perfused, contracting canine hearts using 4 durations of
      rectangular electrical waveforms. Defibrillation threshold was first determined
      for each duration; then overdose shocks of 3, 4.5, 6, and 9 times threshold
      current density were delivered. Left ventricular isovolumic systolic pressure
      decreased immediately after the shocks in proportion to the overdose shock
      strength. The mean defibrillation current density thresholds for the 2-, 5-, 10-,
      and 20-msec durations were 101, 63, 47, and 39 mA/cm2, respectively. The
      corresponding energy density thresholds were 4.6, 3.5, 4.4, and 6.4 mJ/cm3,
      respectively. The safety factor for defibrillation was defined as the current
      overdose ratio (delivered current density/threshold current density) required to
      produce a 50% decrease in isovolumic systolic pressure immediately after the
      shock. This dose was determined by interpolation of the curve for depression
      versus overdose of shock strength. The mean current safety factors for the 2-, 5
      , 10-, and 20-msec durations were 3.9, 5.1, 5.4, and 5.2, respectively. The
      corresponding mean energy safety factors were 15, 25, 28, and 27. The margin of
      safety for functional depression of the heart was significantly less (p less than
      0.05) for the 2 msec rectangular wave then for the 5-, 10-, and 20-msec
      rectangular waves.

PMID- 6822088
TI  - T3 may be a better agent than T4 in the critically ill hypothyroid patient:
      evaluation of transport across the blood-brain barrier in a primate model.
AB  - Thyroid hormone transport across the blood brain barrier in hypothyroid patients
      is clinically important yet poorly understood. To study this question, 200
      micrograms of thyroxine (T4), 100 micrograms of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and
      100 micrograms of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) were administered
      separately to 3 baboons, first iv and at a later date intrathecally (IT). Six
      animals were used. Three received the iv injections and three received the IT
      injections. In each of the 18 experiments, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum
      specimens were collected serially for 6 h after injection. Mean maximal
      elevations from baseline in CSF iodothyronine levels were 100 +/- 10 ng/dl after
      iv T4, 3921 +/- 293 ng/dl after iv T3 and 31 +/- 17 ng/dl after iv reverse T3.
      When given IT in the same dosages, the mean maximal increases in serum
      iodothyronine concentrations were: 1670 +/- 600 ng/dl for T4, 806 +/- 405 ng/dl
      for T3, and 210 +/- 43 ng/dl for reverse T3. In every animal studied, rapid
      bidirectional transfer of T3 from serum to CSF and CSF to serum occurred, whereas
      iv T4 resulted in delayed minimal increments in CSF T4 concentration. Isotopic
      experiments were also performed and the results analyzed using a kinetic model.
      When 125I-T3 was given iv, the equilibrium point in CSF was observed within 90
      min with 1.7% of the administered dose/L able to be counted in CSF at any moment
      in time. When labeled T4 was given iv, only 0.6% of the administered dose/L was
      counted in CSF and the equilibrium point was not reached until 360 min. These
      data suggest: (a) T4, T3, and reverse T3 are all capable of bidirectional
      transfer across the blood brain barrier, (b) T3 may be a better agent than T4 in
      treating patients with myxedema coma because T3 crosses more rapidly and more
      completely from serum to CSF.

PMID- 6822089
TI  - Anorectal disorders.

PMID- 6822090
TI  - The spectrum of bronchiolitis obliterans.

PMID- 6822091
TI  - Putting the fun back into bronchoscopy.

PMID- 6822092
TI  - Orally administered nitrates in patients with exertional angina.

PMID- 6822093
TI  - Diet-drug treatment of hyperlipidemia in coronary artery disease. A rational and
      beneficial approach.

PMID- 6822094
TI  - Mural thrombi of the left ventricle.

PMID- 6822095
TI  - Bronchiolitis obliterans. Report of three cases with detailed physiologic
      studies.
AB  - We describe three patients with bronchiolitis obliterans seen at our hospital
      during the last two years. Their ages were 25, 49 and 69 years. One developed the
      disease secondary to a probable viral infection, another inhaled fumes, and the
      third was exposed to unknown precipitating factors. Lung biopsy showed changes
      compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans in the first two, while in the third,
      changes were compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial
      pneumonitis. Pulmonary function tests of patient 1 showed severe airflow
      limitation, increased total lung capacity, a shift of the pressure-volume curve
      upward with a normal slope, and an elevation of upstream resistance. In patient 3
      (bronchiolitis obliterans with interstitial pneumonitis) total lung capacity was
      normal, the pressure volume curve was shifted slightly to the right and upstream
      resistance was increased. After treatment with steroids, clinical improvement was
      observed along with normalization of the pressure-volume curve and a decline in
      the upstream resistance.

PMID- 6822096
TI  - Inhalation challenge with carbachol and isoproterenol to predict bronchospastic
      response to propranolol in COPD.
AB  - Disabling propranolol-induced bronchospasm occasionally prevents use of this drug
      in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A means was
      developed to identify patients who have high risk for this adverse effect using
      bronchial challenge by inhaling the parasympathomimetic drug, carbachol, and
      isoproterenol. After baseline pulmonary function tests, 12 patients with varying
      degrees of COPD and 13 control patients underwent maximal beta-blockade using
      intravenously administered propranolol during cardiac catheterization followed by
      repeat pulmonary function testing. Seven of the patients with COPD and ten of the
      control subjects were restudied while taking propranolol orally for at least
      three weeks. The results indicated that the bronchodilator response to inhaled
      isoproterenol does not reliably identify patients who develop bronchoconstriction
      with propranolol, but bronchoconstriction after inhaling carbachol is indicative
      of the high risk of developing bronchoconstriction from propranolol.

PMID- 6822097
TI  - Repolarization variant vs acute pericarditis. A prospective electrocardiographic
      and echocardiographic evaluation.
AB  - Patients with ECG nonischemic ST segment elevation were prospectively studied to
      determine the accuracy of the initial ECG diagnoses. Evaluations were made of 131
      consecutive patients by serial clinical, ECG, and echocardiography to establish a
      diagnosis. Eighty-six (66 percent) had an initial ECG interpretation of
      repolarization variant. Only three of the 86 (3 percent) subsequently met
      clinical criteria for acute pericarditis. Analysis of the mean frontal ST segment
      vector and PR segment depression revealed no significant differences between the
      119 patients with final clinical diagnosis of repolarization variant and the 12
      with clinical acute pericarditis. The diagnostic reliability of the initial ECG
      alone as a means of confirming acute pericarditis is low (9/45, 20 percent) but
      in the detection of repolarization variant is extremely high (83/86, 97 percent).

PMID- 6822098
TI  - Cardiac abnormalities in mixed connective tissue disease.
AB  - Sixteen patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) were studied using
      noninvasive cardiovascular techniques. Cardiovascular abnormalities including
      pericarditis, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and LV dilatation were found in 38
      percent of the study group. Borderline ECG and echocardiographic abnormalities
      were present in 31 percent of the study group, and the remaining 31 percent were
      normal by all study techniques. MCTD patients have a high prevalence of
      cardiovascular abnormalities when studied noninvasively. The most common clinical
      abnormality is a steroid-responsive pericarditis, present in 25 percent of our
      series.

PMID- 6822099
TI  - Sensitive indices of improvement in a pulmonary rehabilitation program.
AB  - It is often difficult to demonstrate objective evidence of physiologic
      improvement following a pulmonary rehabilitation program, despite subjective
      increases in exercise tolerance. In an attempt to identify sensitive indices of
      improvement, we studied resting and exercise lung function extensively in 15
      patients (age range 45 to 73) with severe chronic obstructive lung disease before
      and after a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The six-week outpatient
      rehabilitation program consisted of exercise at 70 percent of the maximum
      predicted heart rate and diaphragmatic breathing for 20 minutes three times
      weekly. There were no significant changes in resting pulmonary function following
      exercise training. Exercise measurements were unchanged after completion of the
      program, with the exception of two parameters: heart rate and arterial lactate
      levels. The observed small but significant reductions in exercise heart rate and
      blood lactate levels following training may be due to conditioning of skeletal
      muscles, although respiratory muscle conditioning may be a contributing factor.
      Measurements of blood lactate may be a useful marker of conditioning in patients
      with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who complete a pulmonary
      rehabilitation program.

PMID- 6822100
TI  - Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of spleen in diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen was carried out in 557 patients. In
      381 cases, the aspiration was performed because of suspected sarcoidosis. The
      sensitivity of the technique was 59 percent and the specificity 97 percent. The
      cytologic picture of the spleen was abnormal in 184 patients with sarcoidosis and
      in seven patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis. No major complications
      occurred. The method provides a simple, safe, quick, and reliable way of
      producing evidence of a granulomatous process in patients with suspected
      sarcoidosis. The biopsy method can be used with advantage before application of
      more invasive techniques.

PMID- 6822101
TI  - Transmural myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiograms and with single
      vessel coronary obstruction. Clinical-angiographic features and five-year follow
      up.
AB  - Angiographic, clinical, and five-year follow-up study of 20 cases of myocardial
      infarction with normal coronary angiograms (MI-NCA) and 20 cases of myocardial
      infarction with single vessel obstruction (MI-SVO) are presented. MI-SVO patients
      differed from MI-NCA in being older (53.7 vs 44.5 years, p = 0.025),
      predominantly male (90 percent vs 40 percent, p = 0.001), frequently having large
      left ventricular akinetic segments (50 percent vs 15 percent, p = 0.01), and
      frequently having antecedent typical angina (55 percent). MI-NCA was more
      frequently associated with definite mitral valve prolapse (25 percent vs 10
      percent, NS); migraine, or Raynaud's phenomenon (45 percent vs 5 percent, p =
      0.001); birth control pill ingestion in women (33 percent vs 0 percent, p =
      0.05); paroxysmal atrial flutter (25 percent vs 0 percent, p = 0.01); and
      antecedent atypical angina (25 percent). Frequency of cigarette smoking and
      hypertension and the mean serum cholesterol levels were similar in both groups.
      On follow-up, MI-NCA patients more commonly had neurologic events (25 percent vs
      5 percent, p = 0.05) and second myocardial infarction (15 percent vs 0 percent, p
      = 0.02), but deaths occurred infrequently in both groups. These data suggest a
      variety of pathophysiologic causes for MI-NCA.

PMID- 6822102
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on ventilation/perfusion matching in primary pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - The effects of nifedipine on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were
      investigated in two patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. After 20 mg of
      the drug taken sublingually, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances
      decreased, cardiac output increased, and blood oxygenation was improved. As
      assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique, nifedipine induced a
      deterioration in ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) relationships consisting in an
      increased perfusion of units with low VA/Q. In spite of this negative effect on
      gas exchange, arterial PO2 increased as a consequence of increased mixed venous
      PO2 in relation to an augmented cardiac output, and in one patient there was a
      decrease in the secondary atrial shunt. Both patients were clinically improved by
      the nifedipine as a long-term treatment.

PMID- 6822104
TI  - Total resistance and reactance in patients with respiratory complaints with and
      without airways obstruction.
AB  - A comparison was made of the frequency dependence of total respiratory
      resistance, (Rrs), and reactance (Xrs), determined by a forced oscillation
      technique in 442 healthy subjects and in 126 patients with respiratory
      complaints, with or without slight airways obstruction. The comparison was
      performed by means of a discriminant analysis. The latter demonstrated that the
      Rrs and Xrs data, measured between 8 and 24 Hz, of patients differ from those of
      healthy subjects primarily by a decrease of Rrs with frequency associated with
      more negative Xrs (and thus with an increase in resonant frequency). This
      probably also applies to patients with more advanced airways obstruction. The
      addition of the FEV1 values to the analysis provides only a small amount of
      independent information. The forced oscillation technique thus appears to be a
      sensitive tool to separate healthy subjects (smokers and nonsmokers) from
      patients with respiratory complaints associated or not with a reduced FEV1.

PMID- 6822103
TI  - Effects of inhaled fenoterol on the circadian rhythm of expiratory flow in
      allergic bronchial asthma.
AB  - Metered-dose aerosol treatment with fenoterol for three consecutive days, in
      eight patients suffering from allergic asthma, caused the disappearance of FEV1
      and MEF50 circadian rhythm. We attribute such behavior to the suppression of the
      bronchomotor tone induced by fenoterol. The administration on different days of a
      single dose of fenoterol aerosol in another group of eight patients pointed out
      the variability of the effects of the drug at different hours of the day. We
      believe the results obtained are important for a better dosage and time
      distribution of the therapy with beta2 agonists.

PMID- 6822105
TI  - The effects of cimetidine on theophylline pharmacokinetics at steady state.
AB  - The effects of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied in
      seven healthy subjects at steady state after oral dosing. Aminophylline (200 mg)
      was administered every six hours for three days (A), then aminophylline (200 mg)
      and cimetidine (300 mg) were administered every six hours for seven days (A-C).
      Multiple serum theophylline determinations were made after the last dose on each
      regimen using an enzyme immunoassay. Cimetidine decreased the apparent total body
      clearance of theophylline an average of 29 percent (range: 18-47 percent) from
      39.5 +/- 11.7 to 28.1 +/- 3.4 ml/hr/kg (p less than 0.02). There was no
      significant change in the volume of distribution; however, the terminal half-life
      increased from 7.3 +/- 1.5 to 10.1 +/- 2.1 hr (p less than 0.01) during A and A
      C, respectively. The increase in the average steady state serum theophylline
      concentration of 34 percent (range: 23-87 percent) observed in our subjects may
      have important clinical implications.

PMID- 6822106
TI  - Electroversion after verapamil administration.
AB  - Forty-nine consecutive patients (44 with atrial fibrillation and five with atrial
      flutter) received 10 mg of verapamil five to seven minutes before elective
      electroversion, to evaluate the feasibility of the latter while verapamil effects
      were present. Excluded were patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure, acute
      myocardial infarction, mean ventricular rate lower than 70 beats/minute, those
      receiving any antiarrhythmic drug other than digoxin, and those in whom sinus
      node dysfunction was suspected. In six patients, eight complications took place:
      four instances of hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg), two
      instances of junctional escape rhythm (47 and 63 beats/minute) and two instances
      of junctional tachycardia. In all four instances of hypotension, return to normal
      values of blood pressure was spontaneous (within five minutes in three patients).
      Rhythm disturbances were transient, without clinical relevance. This study
      suggests that electroversion can be safely carried out during clinical action of
      verapamil in properly selected patients, and that occasional, self-limited
      hypotension is the only complication of clinical significance to be expected.

PMID- 6822107
TI  - Two dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular thrombus. A
      prospective study of 67 patients with anatomic validation.
AB  - Seventy-two patients, in whom a high prevalence of left ventricular thrombus
      (LVT) was anticipated, were studied prospectively by two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2DE). Adequate echocardiograms were obtained in 67 patients (93
      percent). Presence or absence of LVT was verified at surgery in 51 patients
      undergoing aneurysmectomy, and at autopsy in 16 patients dying from acute
      myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients had LVT and 41 did not. The LVT was
      defined echocardiographically as an echo-dense mass adjacent to asynergic left
      ventricular wall and distinct from the endocardial surface. Twenty-four of 26 LVT
      were correctly predicted by 2DE (sensitivity 92 percent). Absence of LVT was
      correctly predicted in 36 of 41 patients (specificity 88 percent). In five
      patients, LVT by 2DE was not anatomically confirmed (17 percent false positives).
      Thus, 2DE can detect or exclude the presence of LVT with a good sensitivity and
      specificity.

PMID- 6822108
TI  - The additive antianginal action of oral isosorbide dinitrate in patients
      receiving propranolol. Magnitude and duration of effect.
AB  - Ten men with stable angina not completely relieved by full doses of propranolol
      (mean, 218 mg daily) were given double-blind, on alternate mornings, a placebo or
      an oral dose (5 to 30 mg) of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) previously titrated to
      lower sitting systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg. Patients had been trained in a
      protocol which precipitated angina after three to six minutes of bicycle
      exercise. On test days, with propranolol continued, bicycle exercise was
      performed until the appearance of angina before ISDN or placebo administration,
      and hourly thereafter for eight hours. Mean exercise duration was greater one
      hour after ISDN than after placebo by 182 sec (423 +/- 39 vs 241 +/- 13, p less
      than 0.001), and a difference of 63 sec was still present at six hours (p less
      than 0.002). At one hour, ISDN lowered resting systolic blood pressure by 26 mm
      Hg (from 114 +/- 5 mm Hg to 88 +/- 4 mm Hg; p less than .001) without appreciably
      changing heart rate. We conclude that ISDN is a very effective and reasonably
      long-acting antianginal supplement to propranolol.

PMID- 6822109
TI  - Radionuclide imaging in diseases of the chest (Part 2).

PMID- 6822110
TI  - Venous thromboembolism three simple decisions (Part 2).

PMID- 6822111
TI  - Mediastinal enlargement with cervical swelling.

PMID- 6822112
TI  - Pseudotachycardia secondary to large atrial flutter waves.

PMID- 6822113
TI  - The origin of the pseudoglandular spaces in metastatic smooth muscle neoplasm of
      uterine origin. Report of a case with ultrastructure and review of previous cases
      studied by electron microscopy.
AB  - The entity known as "leiomyomatous hamartoma," a term that has been used in
      reference to metastatic smooth muscle neoplasms of uterine origin (MSMNUO), is
      uncommon. Several articles have dealt with clinical and light microscopic aspects
      of this lesion. Four reports on the ultrastructure of this type of neoplasm have
      been published, but they have been primarily concerned with its smooth muscle
      component. Much controversy exists as to whether the glandular elements are part
      of the neoplastic process or preexisting pulmonary elements. This ultrastructural
      study confirms that the gland-like spaces represent entrapped alveoli and
      terminal respiratory bronchioles.

PMID- 6822114
TI  - Symptomatic upper extremity venous thrombosis associated with permanent
      transvenous pacemaker electrodes.
AB  - Symptomatic arm vein thrombosis secondary to permanent transvenous cardiac pacing
      electrodes is an uncommon occurrence with an incidence of 1 to 3 percent. Two
      patients with this problem are presented who were treated with streptokinase
      followed by conventional anticoagulation therapy with heparin and warfarin. Near
      total resolution of the thromboses was accomplished in both patients. In follow
      up periods of nine and 20 months, the patients have remained asymptomatic. An
      aggressive approach to this problem may decrease the current high morbidity.

PMID- 6822115
TI  - Arteriosclerotic heart disease following correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - An increasing number of people who have undergone surgical repair of tetralogy of
      Fallot are living long lives. Several late sequelae of corrected tetralogy of
      Fallot have been found, including residual ventricular septal defect, restenosis
      of the pulmonary outflow tract, ventricular tachycardia, and right ventricular
      failure from pulmonary insufficiency. A long-term survivor of corrected tetralogy
      of Fallot is reported with acquired coronary artery disease unrelated to the
      congenital anomaly or its correction as an additional cause of late morbidity in
      this select but growing population of patients.

PMID- 6822117
TI  - Pacemaker-induced pseudotricuspid regurgitation.
AB  - A patient with aortic stenosis and ventricular pacemaker had clinical findings
      suggesting tricuspid regurgitation. Her presentation was actually caused by
      regular and constant cannon waves resulting from ventriculoatrial conduction of
      paced beats. The correct diagnosis was confirmed by abolition of hepatic
      pulsations during atrial pacing at the time of cardiac catheterization. Therapy
      consisted of restoring antegrade atrioventricular conduction.

PMID- 6822116
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia due to naproxen.

PMID- 6822118
TI  - Symptomatic coronary artery spasm following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Four years after mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's lymphoma, a 32-year-old man
      developed angina at rest and with varying levels of physical activity. At
      coronary arteriography, 40 percent to 50 percent stenoses were seen in the left
      coronary artery; ergonovine induced severe coronary spasm. Treatment with
      diltiazem eliminated all anginal attacks.

PMID- 6822120
TI  - Subluxation of the temporomandibular joint. Unusual complications of transoral
      bronchofiberoscopy.

PMID- 6822121
TI  - Sarcoidosis and steroids.

PMID- 6822119
TI  - Fatal embolism in mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - The postmortem demonstration of fatal cerebral embolism arising from a thrombus
      detected at the base of a prolapsing and myxomatous mitral valve is reported. The
      clinical demonstration of recurrent atrial fibrillation in this patient lends
      support to the suggested use of anticoagulant therapy in similar patients.

PMID- 6822122
TI  - Pulmonary fibrosis in an aluminum arc welder. A complex issue.

PMID- 6822123
TI  - Steroid hormones as feedback regulators of brain angiotensinogen and
      catecholamines.
AB  - Perturbation of peripheral volume homeostasis results in regionally selective
      changes in brain angiotensinogen, the putative precursor of angiotensin II. The
      results presented indicate that brain angiotensinogen may be affected in a
      selective and regional manner and that steroid hormones may mediate these
      changes. Sex and adrenal steroids appear to affect angiotensinogen levels in
      different areas of the rat brain. Brain angiotensinogen and norepinephrine levels
      are linearly and positively correlated. Reserpinization leads to selective
      increases in brain angiotensinogen which are shown to be attributable to adrenal
      corticosterone secretion. These results point to steroids as messengers
      controlling in part the level of activity of brain catecholaminergic and
      peptidergic systems which regulate the peripheral cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6822125
TI  - Blood pressure variability at normal and high blood pressure.

PMID- 6822124
TI  - Left ventricular performance in the hypertensive patient. Exercise-mediated
      noninvasive separation of loading influences from intrinsic muscle dysfunction.

PMID- 6822126
TI  - The influence of arterial baroreceptors in man on the variability of blood
      pressure and plasma catecholamines in man.
AB  - The variability of intra-arterial blood pressure, recorded over the waking hours
      in free-ranging subjects away from the hospital, was expressed as the SD of the
      mean of all recorded beats. This variability was found to be related to age, the
      individual's level of arterial pressure, and his baroreflex sensitivity using the
      Oxford phenylephrine method. Multiple regression analysis showed that baroreflex
      sensitivity was the only independent influence on variability. Baroreflex
      sensitivity also strongly determined the level of pressure rise in response to a
      number of different stimuli, including bicycling exercise, isometric exercise,
      mental arithmetic, a reaction time test, and the response to injected
      phenylephrine or noradrenaline. Plasma noradrenaline proved a poor index of
      sympathetic nervous activity, except with bicycle exercise.

PMID- 6822127
TI  - The pattern of pressure changes during synchronized and desynchronized (REM)
      sleep as an index of baroreceptor function.

PMID- 6822129
TI  - Effects of oral clonidine on baroreflex function in patients with essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 6822128
TI  - Baroreflex response and vasodilating drugs in essential hypertension.
AB  - Blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial diameter of the brachial artery were
      studied in patients with sustained essential hypertension before and after
      administration of three vasodilating drugs: dihydralazine, diltiazem, and
      dinitrate isosorbide (ISDN). The diameter of the brachial artery was measured
      using a pulsed Doppler device, enabling the angle between the ultrasound beam and
      the vessel axis to be evaluated with a precision inferior to 2 percent. The three
      drugs had similar effects in decreasing the blood pressure and the forearm
      vascular resistance. Dihydralazine reduced the arterial diameter (p less than
      0.001) and increased heart rate. Diltiazem and ISDN increased markedly the
      arterial diameter (p less than 0.001) but did not change heart rate.
      Dihydralazine decreased the tangential tension of the arterial wall, while
      diltiazem and ISDN did not. The study provided evidence that, with vasodilating
      drugs, the changes in the caliber of peripheral large arteries, which are a
      determinant of wall arterial tension, can influence the baroreflex-mediated
      tachycardia caused by use of the drugs.

PMID- 6822130
TI  - Effects on the renin-angiotensin system of agents acting at central and
      peripheral adrenergic receptors.
AB  - Although the principal actions of clonidine are linked to its centrally mediated
      suppression of sympathetic activity, its inhibition of the renin axis also may
      contribute to its antihypertensive effects. In patients with essential
      hypertension studied in a clinical research center, clonidine-induced decreases
      in diastolic blood pressure and in plasma renin activity (PRA) correlated closely
      after one day of treatment, but not thereafter. Moreover, high-renin patients
      experienced significantly greater blood pressure decrements than low-renin
      patients during the first day of treatment, but subsequent blood pressure
      decreases were equal in the two groups, confirming that the sympathoinhibitory
      action of clonidine is probably independent of the renin-angiotensin system.
      However, responders to clonidine treatment exhibited significantly greater
      decrements in aldosterone excretion rate than nonresponders. When compared with
      propranolol in an outpatient study, clonidine reduced aldosterone levels to the
      same extent as propranolol despite a significantly weaker inhibitory effect on
      PRA. Indeed, in a further comparative study with prazosin, during which neither
      agent decreased renin levels, clonidine significantly lowered aldosterone
      excretion. Thus, clonidine appears to have two separate actions on the renin
      aldosterone axis: an early antirenin action primarily in high-renin patients, and
      a longer-term suppressive effect on aldosterone. This latter action is possibly
      independent of changes in renin, and perhaps reflects an effect on aldosterone
      release mediated through central mechanisms.

PMID- 6822131
TI  - Hormonal and hemodynamic effects of short- and long-term clonidine therapy in
      patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
AB  - Two studies of the responses to clonidine as the sole antihypertensive drug in
      the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension are reported. In the first, 11
      patients with mild hypertension were treated with 0.1 mg clonidine twice daily
      for eight weeks. Those patients with "low renin" hypertension (n = 7) were noted
      to show an increase in plasma renin activity; the patients with "normal renin"
      hypertension (n = 4) tended to show a decrease. Both groups had a similar
      decrease in blood pressure. The changes in renin activity correlated
      significantly (p less than 0.01) with the small changes in endogenous creatinine
      clearance (r = 0.84). In the second study, 16 patients with mild-to-moderate
      essential hypertension were treated for three months with 0.2 mg clonidine three
      times daily. Blood pressure decreased from 167 +/- 4/105 +/- 2 to 140 +/- 3/90 +/
      2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Blood pressure changes correlated with decreases in
      plasma catecholamines (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) and heart rate (r = 0.78, p
      less than 0.001). No significant changes in cardiac output, blood volume, renal
      blood flow, or glomerular filtration rate were noted. Clonidine is an effective
      and safe therapy when used as the sole medication in treating mild-to-moderate
      hypertension.

PMID- 6822133
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine in varying states of renal
      function.
AB  - Previous studies have reported a therapeutic window of 0.8 to 2.0 ng/ml within
      which clonidine exerts its antihypertensive effect. This study was designed to
      investigate whether there was any loss of blood pressure control when plasma
      clonidine concentrations exceeded this window owing to its accumulation in renal
      insufficiency. The results indicate that clonidine concentrations of up to 30
      ng/ml in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can be associated with a
      maintenance of blood pressure control. It remains to be learned whether this
      phenomenon of high concentrations and control of blood pressure in our ESRD
      patient population may be related to altered (decreased) peripheral alpha
      receptor sensitivity and inability to develop vasoconstriction. There is
      precedence for autonomic imbalance and altered tissue sensitivity in ESRD.

PMID- 6822132
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic treatment with clonidine.
AB  - The effect of clonidine on the relationship between sympathetic nervous system
      activity and the state of sodium-volume balance was studied in 15 patients with
      essential hypertension and normal renal function (group 1) and in 14 patients
      with hypertension and mild to moderate renal failure (group 2). Rapid
      administration of clonidine (200 micrograms) produced significant falls (p less
      than 0.01) in mean blood pressure, plasma levels of norepinephrine, plasma renin
      activity and aldosterone in both groups of patients. The changes in mean blood
      pressure were significantly correlated (p less than 0.01) with the changes in
      plasma norepinephrine. Chronic therapy with clonidine also produced significant
      falls in mean blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine, but not in plasma renin
      activity or aldosterone. Exchangeable sodium and plasma volume decreased
      significantly in patients of group 1 but not in patients of group 2. The data
      indicate that sympathetic nervous activity may be important for the abnormal
      relationship between pressure and natriuresis in subjects with essential
      hypertension and normal renal function, but not in hypertensive subjects with
      impaired renal function.

PMID- 6822134
TI  - Clinical assessment of drug-induced impairment of sexual function in men.

PMID- 6822135
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of clonidine.

PMID- 6822136
TI  - New aspects of the clinical pharmacology of clonidine.
AB  - Using a newly developed radioimmunoassay, we observed the pharmacokinetics and
      the pharmacologic effects of clonidine simultaneously (mean arterial pressure,
      plasma catecholamines) in normotensive subjects following single and multiple
      administration of infusions, tablets, and Perlongets given in varying doses. The
      following findings were established: (1) The terminal elimination half-life of
      clonidine was 20 to 25 hours. (2) The pharmacokinetics were modified by an
      enterohepatic circulation. (3) The pharmacokinetics of clonidine were linear. (4)
      Clonidine was 100 percent bioavailable in tablets and Perlongets. (5) The
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug remained stable during
      multiple dosing. (6) Following cessation of clonidine medication, no overshooting
      was observed.

PMID- 6822137
TI  - Abrupt cessation of treatment with centrally acting antihypertensive agents. A
      review.

PMID- 6822138
TI  - Use of oral clonidine for rapid titration of blood pressure in severe
      hypertension.
AB  - In 20 patients with severe hypertension, rapid oral clonidine titration was
      employed for control of blood pressure, with 0.2 mg as the initial dose followed
      by 0.2 or 0.1 mg at one hour and then 0.1 mg/hour, for a total dose of 0.8 mg.
      All 20 patients had a successful response, defined as a decrease in mean arterial
      pressure (MAP) of 30 mm Hg or more or attainment of a diastolic pressure of 100
      mm Hg or lower. Baseline MAP was 160 +/- 4 (SEM) mm Hg (212 +/- 7/134 +/- 3) and
      decreased to 120 +/- 3 mm Hg (151 +/- 5/104 +/- 3). The mean dose was 0.32 +/-
      0.02 mg, and mean response time 1.8 +/- 0.2 hours. Side effects were minimal,
      except for one patient who died of a cerebral infarct, which developed after the
      blood pressure was lowered with clonidine. Eighteen patients were treated in our
      emergency room; 14 were sent home after rapid titration. In ten who returned for
      a follow-up visit three to seven days later, blood pressure was reasonably well
      controlled, with clonidine and a diuretic only. Rapid oral clonidine titration
      can be effectively and, for the most part, safely used for treating severe
      hypertension even in an ambulatory setting. As with any other hypotensive drug,
      we recommended proceeding with caution, particularly in patients with symptomatic
      arteriosclerotic disease.

PMID- 6822139
TI  - Overview of physiology in senescence.
AB  - As one ages, blood pressure and hemodynamic changes become apparent. This is
      reflected in a fall in cardiac output and a gradual increase in total peripheral
      vascular resistance. Systolic hypertension is one of the fundamental
      abnormalities of the cardiovascular system in the elderly. Baroreceptor function
      and cerebral blood flow likewise may be compromised and result in altered drug
      sensitivity. Renal function decreases with age and is manifested by a decrease in
      renal blood plasma flow and in glomerular filtration rate. There is a gradual
      blunting of sympathetic nervous system responsiveness demonstrated by a decrease
      in the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Finally, pathways of
      drug biotransformation may be altered, resulting in adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 6822140
TI  - Clonidine in the elderly hypertensive. Monotherapy and therapy with a diuretic.
AB  - Forty-eight elderly patients with uncomplicated mild essential hypertension
      entered two drug regimens. In group 1, clonidine monotherapy (n = 15), clonidine
      was titrated to achieve goal blood pressure (less than 90 mm Hg diastolic) in
      dosages of 0.05 mg twice daily to 0.2 mg three times daily. Blood pressure
      decreased without major side effects (p less than 0.001). Three patients required
      small doses of diuretic after six months of clonidine monotherapy. In group 2,
      step-care therapy (n = 33), clonidine was added to chlorthalidone, 25 mg daily,
      for three weeks. Eight patients achieved the goal blood pressure with
      chlorthalidone, 25 required clonidine (0.1 mg to 0.3 mg twice daily) to achieve
      blood pressure control. Side effects of clonidine did not require discontinuation
      of therapy. Retrospective analysis of up to 2 1/2 years of clonidine plus
      diuretic (n = 51) showed a similar blood pressure reduction. Clonidine can be
      used effectively with or without a diuretic in the elderly hypertensive.

PMID- 6822142
TI  - Monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - Approximately 600 people with mild to moderate hypertension were treated with a
      regimen that started with monotherapy. Reduction in sodium intake achieved
      adequate blood pressure control in 38 percent, higher than that achieved without
      therapy (17 percent). Chlorothiazide and propranolol gave satisfactory blood
      pressure control in 43 and 56 percent of patients, respectively, as sole therapy.
      When initial blood pressure was greater than 110 mm Hg, satisfactory control was
      achieved in fewer patients (sodium restriction, 13 percent; chlorothiazide, 30
      percent, propranolol 38 percent); in this group, therapy with reduction of sodium
      intake alone is rarely effective. All measures were about equally successful in
      treating isolated systolic hypertension. The group given thiazide diuretics alone
      had an increased number of deaths from myocardial infarcts compared with other
      groups. This was not seen if a beta-blocking drug or a centrally-acting drug was
      used in conjunction with the thiazide diuretic. Monotherapy can successfully
      reduce blood pressure in most patients with mild hypertension. No regimen can be
      stated to be unequivocally superior to another.

PMID- 6822143
TI  - The use of clonidine monotherapy in adolescent hypertension.
AB  - The effect of a centrally acting agent (clonidine) vs a diuretic as a single
      agent was studied in a group of hypertensive adolescents. Following placebo
      therapy, adolescents with blood pressure greater than 95th percentile were
      randomized to clonidine 0.1 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, each given twice
      daily. Following 12 weeks' active treatment, those who had not achieved blood
      pressure goals proceeded to clonidine 0.2 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice
      daily. Blood pressure and clinical assessment was performed at two-week
      intervals. Cardiovascular response to mental stress and pre-post stress
      catecholamines were obtained prior to active therapy and during therapy.
      Clonidine therapy significantly lowered systolic and diastolic pressure and heart
      rate (p less than .01). Hydrochlorothiazide significantly lowered systolic
      pressure only. Mental stress testing resulted in a lower diastolic pressure and
      heart rate response (p less than .01), with lower norepinephrine in the clonidine
      treated group. The diuretic group had higher plasma norepinephrine and no
      significant reduction in stress response. Hypertensive juveniles may be more
      sensitive to central control of blood pressure and more resistant to diuretics.

PMID- 6822141
TI  - Combined diuretic and sympatholytic therapy in elderly patients with predominant
      systolic hypertension.
AB  - It has been speculated that the convenience and palatability of low-dose
      combination antihypertension treatment might enhance therapeutic effectiveness
      and compliance, especially in elderly patients. To test this possibility,
      patients over 60 years of age with predominant systolic hypertension were treated
      with a combination of a diuretic, chlorthalidone, and the centrally acting
      inhibitor of sympathetic activity, clonidine. The results of active treatment in
      these patients (n = 13) were compared with those of a placebo (n = 11). Active
      therapy with low doses of chlorthalidone and clonidine (usually once daily)
      controlled blood pressure (systolic pressure less than 140 mm Hg) in 12 of the 13
      patients without inducing orthostatic hypotension. Administration of placebo did
      not result in significant changes in blood pressure. The diuretic-clonidine
      combination induced only small decreases in serum potassium levels and small
      increases in uric acid; no significant changes in creatinine clearance were
      observed. Both active and placebo therapy were tolerated without significant side
      effects. This study reveals that combined therapy with low doses of
      chlorthalidone and clonidine is effective, convenient, and palatable in
      controlling blood pressure in elderly patients with predominant systolic
      hypertension and supports the idea that treatment with sympathoinhibitory and
      volume-depleting agents is appropriate for this form of hypertension.

PMID- 6822145
TI  - Application of the CYTOMIC 12 flow cytometric compact analyzer for automatic
      kinetic measurements.
AB  - Flow cytometry, usually applied to cells which have time independent features,
      can also be used for kinetic experiments where the change of cell populations
      with time is investigated. Dedicated time sequencing programs written in
      Assembler and incorporated in the CYTOMIC 12 analyzer (4) are described. A
      sequence of 64 one parameter histograms can be automatically acquired and
      immediately displayed as a pseudo-two-parameter histogram. The acquisition time
      for each of the subsequent histograms can be selected between 1 and 32 seconds.
      Kinetics lasting up to 34 minutes are resolved into 64 time intervals. Two
      parameter kinetics can be resolved into 12 32 X 32 channel, two parameter
      histograms which are displayed and evaluated immediately on the analyzer screen
      in groups of 4 without using complicated list mode procedures. The standard
      CYTOMIC 12 software can be applied for processing and printing of the sequence
      distribution curves.

PMID- 6822144
TI  - The effect of intravenous clonidine hydrochloride on the isolated forearm venous
      segment in heart failure.
AB  - The effects of intravenous (IV) clonidine (150 micrograms) on the isolated
      forearm venous segment of ten patients with heart failure were studied. Clonidine
      reduced pressure in the isolated venous segment of all patients (12.8 +/- 2.1 to
      10.6 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.005). In addition, IV clonidine decreased the
      pressor response to mental arithmetic (2.9 +/- 0.3 mm Hg to 1.8 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, p
      less than 0.05), while the pressor response to deep breath was slightly enhanced
      (4.5 +/- 0.8 mm Hg to 6.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6822146
TI  - Determination of linear fluorescence intensities from flow cytometric data
      accumulated with logarithmic amplifiers.
AB  - Logarithmic amplifiers are useful in accumulating flow cytometric data with a
      large dynamic range. However, quantitative comparison of fluorescence intensities
      for different samples or different subpopulations within a sample is simplified
      by the conversion of data from log space back to linear space. A method is
      described in which fluorescent polystyrene spheres of differing intensities are
      used to construct a calibration curve for the logarithmic intensity scale. This
      allows calculation of relative linear intensity for each channel of the
      logarithmically accumulated data and determination of linear fluorescence means
      and coefficients of variation for comparative purposes. Fluorescent spheres of
      appropriate intensity may also be used as internal standards to monitor
      instrument and/or stain stability for samples accumulated using logarithmic
      amplifiers.

PMID- 6822147
TI  - Slit-scan flow cytometry: separability properties of cell features.
AB  - A model is presented to compare the separability of cell populations described by
      features measured in low resolution slit-scanning flow systems with their
      separability when the features are extracted from high resolution digitized cell
      images. The results show that although the accuracy of the feature measurements
      deteriorates for increasing slit width, this is not necessarily true for the
      discriminatory power of the features. Depending on their original position in the
      high resolution feature space, the cell populations may be located even farther
      apart in the space of low resolution slit-scan features for reasonably small
      widths of the slit. The results presented with high resolution images of cells
      from gynecological specimens and simulated slit-scan measurements can be
      explained by the model. For the features nuclear DNA content and diameter the
      abnormal populations are shifted closer to the normal populations in the slit
      scan simulations as compared to the high resolution measurements. The cell
      classifier errors rates are unacceptably high.

PMID- 6822149
TI  - Nondiscrete heterogeneity of human erythrocytes: comparison of Coulter-principle
      flow cytometry and Soret-hemoglobinometry image analysis.
AB  - In the blood of normal subjects, the volumes of single erythrocytes are
      distributed with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10.8 +/- 1.8%; while in
      hemoglobinopathies, CV increases proportionately to the degree of anemia
      produced. Using single cell Soret-band hemoglobinometry and focused-aperture
      impedance counting, we compared the distribution of red cell volume, area,
      hemoglobin content, and hemoglobin concentration in normals and subjects with
      anemic disorders. The CV, nondiscrete heterogeneity, is first, a general
      characteristic of biologic measurement, second, a sensitive indicator of
      abnormality of erythropoiesis, and third, consistently less for hemoglobin
      concentration than for volume, area, or hemoglobin content of the same cells.

PMID- 6822148
TI  - Neutropenia: the accuracy and precision of the neutrophil count in leukopenic
      patients.

PMID- 6822150
TI  - Adaptation of the ektacytometer to automated continuous pO2 changes:
      determination of erythrocyte deformability in sickling disorders.

PMID- 6822151
TI  - Behavior of elliptocytes under shear stress in the rheoscope and ektacytometer.

PMID- 6822152
TI  - A new flow chamber and processing electronics for combined laser and mercury arc
      illumination in an impulse cytophotometer flow cytometer.
AB  - A flow cytometer of the impulse cytophotometer (ICP)-type has been developed for
      two-parameter flow cytometry. It uses two different methods of excitation
      simultaneously: an argon laser beam focused onto the cell stream within a
      modified flow chamber, and the light of a high pressure mercury (Hg) lamp using
      Kohler illumination. The two fluorescence signals are collected sequentially by
      the same photomultiplier tube. The signals are processed on a cell-by-cell basis
      using new hardwired analog signal processing electronics enabling their
      accumulation and display as two-parameter frequency distribution histograms.

PMID- 6822153
TI  - Centrifugal cytology buckets.

PMID- 6822154
TI  - Injuries of the retroperitoneal portions of the colon and rectum.
AB  - Experience with 66 penetrating injuries of the retroperitoneal colon and rectum
      is reviewed. These injuries usually affect the intraperitoneal anterior and the
      retroperitoneal posterior walls. The bare areas of the colon have to be inspected
      when only one intraperitoneal hole is found or whenever the wound is in the flank
      or back. There is an increasing tendency toward primary suture rather than
      exteriorization unless there are multiple severe intra-abdominal injuries, gross
      contamination, or poor general condition of the patient. Rectal injuries require
      careful repair, diverting colostomy, irrigation of the excluded rectum and
      presacral drainage. For suspected bowel injuries, antibiotics should be started
      preoperatively.

PMID- 6822155
TI  - Presidential address. Self-assessment and self-education.

PMID- 6822156
TI  - Bacteremia associated with lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: fact or fiction? II.
      Proctosigmoidoscopy.
AB  - In an effort to elucidate whether bacteremia occurs during endoscopic examination
      of the lower gastrointestinal tract, two prospective studies were undertaken
      involving patients undergoing colonoscopy and proctosigmoidoscopy. The former
      group has been presented earlier, and the second study, which includes the
      proctosigmoidoscopy group, is the basis for this study. Fifty-seven patients
      undergoing proctosigmoidoscopy were studied. Excluded from the study were
      patients with fever, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, valvular heart
      disease, vascular prosthesis, chemotherapy, and immunosuppression. Aerobic and
      anaerobic blood cultures were taken before, during, and after
      proctosigmoidoscopy. Additional cultures were taken after a biopsy or
      polypectomy. Skin cultures were taken from the venipuncture site prior to
      venipuncture. No bacteremia was demonstrated. Three blood cultures were positive,
      but all were considered contaminants on the basis of the nature of organisms. No
      correlates could be drawn as to the depth of insertion, length of time, or
      position of patient during the procedure. It is concluded that no significant
      bacteremia occurs during proctosigmoidoscopy. Further studies are warranted in
      the excluded high-risk group.

PMID- 6822157
TI  - Early local complications following colostomy closure in cancer patients.
AB  - Early surgical complications following colostomy closure in 65 cancer patients
      operated on at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan were evaluated
      retrospectively. The overall complication rate was 24.6 per cent, including
      infections (13.8 per cent), fistulas (6.1 per cent), wound dehiscence (3.0 per
      cent), and distal stenosis (1.5 per cent). Type and rate of complications were
      analyzed to find a correlation with type, site, and location of colostomy,
      technique of closure, presence or absence of drains, or time interval between
      construction and closure of colostomy. No statistically significant association
      between the aforementioned factors and occurrence and rate of complications was
      found. The authors think, therefore, that surgical attention, including
      meticulous manipulation of the stoma, avoidance of contamination of the wound,
      tension of sutures, dead spaces, and collection of blood in the wound, and use of
      antibiotics and antiseptics are the most important principles to minimize
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 6822158
TI  - Radical external beam radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum.
AB  - External beam megavoltage radiation therapy was used as primary treatment for 123
      patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Surgery was undertaken for some patients who
      had residual tumor. The overall five-year survival rate was 21 per cent. When
      patients were separated into those who presented with clinically mobile and those
      with clinically fixed rectal tumor masses, the survival rates were 38 per cent
      and 2 per cent, respectively. The primary tumor was controlled by radiation alone
      in 21 of 56 (38 per cent) patients who had mobile tumors but in only six of 67 (9
      per cent) patients who had fixed tumors. Further investigation of high-dose
      primary radiation, with surgery reserved for patients with residual rectal
      carcinoma, may allow reduction of the number of patients who require
      abdominoperineal resection.

PMID- 6822159
TI  - A critical review of the classifications and staging of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6822160
TI  - The risk of rectal carcinoma following colectomy in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - In a series of 1439 patients with ulcerative colitis, managed by one of the
      authors (E.S.R.H.), surgical resection was performed on 374 patients (26 per
      cent): colectomy, 273 (subtotal colectomy and mucous fistula, 172, colectomy and
      primary ileorectal anastomosis, 101); proctocolectomy, 61; and miscellaneous
      procedures, 40. Of the 172 patients undergoing subtotal colectomy and mucous
      fistula, 93 (54 per cent) subsequently required rectal excision, 33 (19 per cent)
      had ileorectal anastomosis performed as a second procedure, and in 46 (27 per
      cent) the rectum has remained as a mucous fistula. Two hundred seventy-three
      patients were at risk for the development of rectal cancer after subtotal
      colectomy; ten patients (3.6 per cent) subsequently developed rectal cancer. The
      cumulative probability of developing rectal cancer after subtotal colectomy
      reached 17 per cent at 27 years from disease onset. The tumors were more advanced
      in stage and of higher grade malignancy than those of a parallel general series
      of patients with rectal cancer uncomplicated by inflammatory bowel disease.
      Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis has been successful for most patients.
      However, the experience of this series highlights the danger of carcinomatous
      transformation in the retained rectum, the requirement for regular long-term
      follow-up, the need for markers of precancerous change, and the value, where
      relevant, of prophylactic proctectomy.

PMID- 6822161
TI  - Primary stomal adenocarcinoma. An unusual complication of ileostomy.

PMID- 6822162
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising at a colostomy site. Report of a case.
AB  - Primary adenocarcinoma arising at a colostomy or ileostomy site is very rare, and
      only three cases have been reported following surgical treatment of ulcerative
      colitis. A 38-year-old man who developed an adenocarcinoma originating at the
      site of a colonic stoma and producing a large fungating tumor mass in the
      surrounding abdominal wall is described. This occurred 19 years after Miles'
      operation for a carcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 6822163
TI  - Carcinoma at the site of ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - A 31-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy at age five
      had a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma at the anastomotic site that was
      not detected by preoperative studies or intraoperative palpation. The authors
      review other reports of anastomotic carcinomas occurring after
      ureterosigmoidostomy for benign disease and recommend a diagnostic protocol.
      Whenever the urine is diverted away from the sigmoidostomy (rediversion), the
      anastomotic site should be resected. Ureterosigmoidostomy should be undertaken
      only with the understanding that meticulous long-term follow-up is mandatory.

PMID- 6822167
TI  - The left transverse colostomy.
AB  - The right transverse colostomy is the one traditionally performed for distal
      colonic obstructive tumors, perforated sigmoid diverticulitis, distal colonic
      injuries, or for the protection of precarious low colonic anastomoses. However,
      the right transverse colostomy has a tendency to prolapse; its effluent is
      frequently liquid; it cannot be performed without producing adhesions in the
      right upper quadrant; and it obligates the surgeon generally to three operations
      when done as the first part of a staged colonic resection. The left transverse
      colostomy has the advantages of a reduced incidence of prolapse, an increased
      length of absorptive surface, absence of adhesions in the right upper quadrant,
      and the possibility of a two-stage resection. Fifteen instances in which left
      transverse colostomies were performed with diverse indications formed the basis
      for this report.

PMID- 6822164
TI  - Diverticulitis of the midrectum.
AB  - Diverticulitis of the rectum is a rare condition. This report covers patient
      history, diagnosis, and treatment involved in such a case. The patient presented
      with a history of rectal pain and muscle spasm of six months' duration. After
      several available examinations had been completed, i.e., digital examination,
      sigmoidoscopy, and barium-enema examination, the diagnosis of a rectal
      diverticulum was made. Initially, conservative treatment, including high-fiber
      diet and sitz baths, proved effective. Approximately nine months later, the
      patient developed severe rectal pain, unrelieved by previously effective
      measures. After the above-described examinations had been repeated, the rectal
      wall was found to be ulcerated and inflamed, and a diagnosis of diverticulitis of
      the rectum was made. Antibiotic therapy and evacuation of the 3- to 4-cm mass
      under anesthesia resulted in subsidence of symptoms and resolution of the mass.
      Segmental resection will be considered if the diverticulum becomes infected
      again.

PMID- 6822166
TI  - Pseudolymphoma masquerading as colonic malignancy.

PMID- 6822165
TI  - Prophylactic oophorectomy in surgery for large-bowel cancer.
AB  - From 1968 to 1975, 201 women had prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of
      definitive large-bowel resection, while in 134 patients oophorectomy was not
      performed. Oophorectomy was performed more commonly in women with cancer of the
      rectum and rectosigmoid. More patients undergoing oophorectomy had Dukes' C
      primary carcinoma. Four patients undergoing synchronous oophorectomy (2.0 per
      cent) had ovarian involvement or metastases from large-bowel cancer. Three
      patients (2.2 per cent) developed subsequent ovarian disease: two cases of
      ovarian carcinoma and one case of ovarian metastases from primary breast cancer.
      No late ovarian recurrences of large-bowel cancer were seen during this study. No
      patient with ovarian involvement or metastases from large-bowel cancer survived
      five years nor was the overall survival of the group of women undergoing
      oophorectomy materially affected. While stage and site significantly influenced
      survival, oophorectomy, menopausal status, preoperative irradiation, tumor size,
      and degree of differentiation had no influence. The prevention of primary ovarian
      cancer in postmenopausal women is considered to be the main benefit of bilateral
      prophylactic oophorectomy. Selective recommendations for oophorectomy under other
      circumstances are discussed.

PMID- 6822168
TI  - Recurrent anorectal abscesses.
AB  - A prospective study of 100 recurrent anorectal abscesses in 97 patients was
      carried out to elucidate the cause of recurrence. Sixty-four patients had had
      one, 12 had had two, and the rest had had more than two prior abscesses. In 32
      patients, the previous diagnosis was erroneous; the patients had hidradenitis
      suppurativa which was excised. In 68 patients, the cause of recurrence was
      insufficient prior treatment. Thirty-one patients (45 per cent) had fistulous
      abscesses requiring fistulotomy. Twenty-two patients (32 per cent) had large
      abscesses associated with fistula necessitating unroofing of the abscess along
      with fistulotomy. In 15 patients (22 per cent), no associated fistula was
      detected, but they were found to have missed components (i.e., ischiorectal,
      supralevator, postanal abscesses) and were successfully treated with drainage of
      the missed abscess component. All recurrent abscesses must be examined carefully
      under anesthesia to identify associated fistulas or missed components, or to
      exclude hidradenitis suppurativa.

PMID- 6822169
TI  - Ischemic colitis. Comparison of surgical and nonoperative management.
AB  - A retrospective review of 18 patients with ischemic colitis is presented.
      Patients who developed ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic surgery were
      excluded, as were patients in whom the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds
      only. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case either by proctosigmoidoscopy,
      colonoscopy, barium enema, surgery, or autopsy. Nine patients were treated
      surgically and nine nonoperatively. The mortality in the operated group was 55
      per cent, compared to a 45 per cent mortality in the nonsurgically managed
      patients. Successful treatment of ischemic colitis depends on early recognition,
      which requires a high index of suspicion for this common but frequently
      unrecognized entity.

PMID- 6822170
TI  - Survival after colonic perforation during barium-enema examination. Modified
      radical surgical debridement.
AB  - Four of five patients survived perforation of the colon incidental to barium
      enema examination, while the other survived without sequela of infection until
      hemiplegia and pneumonia supervened two and 36 days, respectively,
      postoperatively. It is postulated that adequate intravenous fluids, early
      operation, with complete cleansing by antibiotic irrigation and mechanical
      debridement of the abdominal cavity, along with excision of the perforated
      segment of bowel with establishment of an end colostomy or ileostomy and distal
      mucous fistula, if possible, are keys to survival in these patients. Triple
      antibiotics, using ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin, or metronidazole,
      should be administered in all patients as soon as the diagnosis is made, and
      continued postoperatively as indicated until there is no evidence of infection.
      An intraluminal intestinal tube, for stichless plication of the small bowel, may
      be helpful in some patients. A stomacone should be used for a barium enema
      through a colostomy stoma. Care should be exercised in performing barium contrast
      studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6822171
TI  - Surgery for fulminating colitis during pregnancy.
AB  - Two cases of fulminating colitis presenting during pregnancy are described. In
      both cases, resectional surgery was performed. In the first case, cesarean
      section was combined with subtotal colectomy and ileostomy during the 32nd week
      of gestation. In the second case, cesarean section was performed during the 33rd
      week of gestation and proctocolectomy in the puerperium. In both cases,
      histopathologic examination showed colitis more consistent with Crohn's disease.
      It is concluded that if fulminating colitis appears during pregnancy it should be
      treated in the same manner as in the nonpregnant state.

PMID- 6822172
TI  - Pseudosarcomatous carcinoma of the anal canal.
AB  - A polypoid pseudosarcoma of the anal canal in a 45-year-old woman was surgically
      treated. Morphologic characteristics of the tumor were essentially identical with
      those in hitherto-described pseudosarcomas of the esophagus, larynx, fauces, or
      oral cavity. Histologic features of the tumor support the presumption of
      epithelial origin of the sarcoma-like element on the basis of the presence of a
      clearly epithelial element in the sarcoma-like areas, justifying the term
      "pseudosarcomatous carcinoma," instead of "pseudosarcoma." This is the first
      report of this tumor type detected in the anal canal.

PMID- 6822173
TI  - Self-assessment quiz. Sigmoid end colostomy and distal mucous fistula after
      abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6822174
TI  - The shape of the buttocks. A useful guide for selection of anesthesia and patient
      position in anorectal surgery.
AB  - Recognition of the different shapes of the buttocks will help surgeons to
      appropriately select patients for anorectal surgery. Basically, there are three
      types of buttocks. In Type A, the mounds of the buttock make a low and gentle
      slope with the anal verge. In Type B, the mounds of the buttock are high and rise
      almost straight up from the anal verge. In Type C, the anus is located more
      anteriorly than normally. Patients with Type A buttocks are ideal candidates to
      use local anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy
      because it is easy to infiltrate the anesthetic agent into the anal canal. With
      Type C, this is somewhat more difficult, but no significant problem exists. For
      Type B buttocks, general or spinal anesthesia is recommended. For Types A and C
      buttocks, a lithotomy position will give an excellent exposure of the anorectal
      lumen for stripping the mucosa and submucosa. For Type B buttocks, a prone jack
      knife position gives the best exposure.

PMID- 6822175
TI  - Protective colostomy in low anterior resection of the rectum using the EEA
      stapling instrument. A randomized study.
AB  - The need for protective transverse colostomy in low anterior resection using the
      EEA stapler was tested in a randomized series of 50 patients, half of whom
      received peroperative protective colostomy. Gastrografin enema on the tenth
      postoperative day showed a leakage frequency of 30 per cent in both groups.
      Clinical leakage was noted in 4 per cent (one patient) in the colostomy group and
      12 per cent (three patients) in the noncolostomy group. Protective colostomy was
      followed by stenosis in nine instances, compared with only two in the
      noncolostomy group (2 alpha = 0.05). Routine protective colostomy should not be
      used in low anterior resection when the EEA stapling instrument is used. The
      occasional clinical leakage, which may appear in the postoperative period, can be
      revealed by close observation and successfully treated by an emergency colostomy.
      The majority of patients with anterior resection of the rectum, therefore, can be
      spared the inconvenience and cost of temporary colostomy.

PMID- 6822176
TI  - Background mucosal changes of primary advanced large intestinal cancer in
      patients without familial polyposis coli.
AB  - In 337 cases of primary advanced large intestinal cancer in patients without
      familial polyposis coli, the risk factor for cancer was discussed chiefly from
      the background mucosa surrounding and apart from the cancers. The following
      findings were obtained: (1) in the mucosa surrounding cancers, adenoma was seen
      in 23 cases (6.8 per cent), adenomatous changes of the basal cells in 211 cases
      (62.6 per cent), and hyperplastic glands in 167 cases (49.6 per cent), (2) in the
      mucosa at least 10 mm from the cancers, adenoma, adenomatous changes of the basal
      cells, and hyperplastic glands were seen in 42 cases (12.5 per cent), 129 cases
      (38.3 per cent), and 40 cases (11.9 per cent), respectively. Therefore, it is
      suggested that microscopic adenoma and adenomatous changes of the basal cells
      might be a sign of premalignancy in patients without familial polyposis coli.

PMID- 6822177
TI  - Local recurrence following curative resection for carcinoma of the rectum.
AB  - One hundred ninety-three patients had curative resections for carcinoma of the
      rectum between January 1971 and December 1979. Nineteen patients developed local
      recurrence (9.8 per cent): 5/95 after abdominoperineal excision (5.2 per cent)
      and 14/98 after anterior resection (14.3 per cent). There was no difference in
      the overall survival rate between the two operations, but there was a trend
      toward decreased survival for patients who developed local recurrence. Metastatic
      spread to the lymph nodes increased the risk of local recurrence.

PMID- 6822178
TI  - Macroscopic lesions in dysplasia and carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Visible changes associated with dysplasia or carcinoma have been assessed in 62
      colectomy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis. In 34 colectomy
      specimens with one or more carcinomas, there were 51 visible carcinomas and 65
      macroscopic dysplastic lesions; only one carcinoma was found in flat mucosa.
      Among 28 specimens with microscopic dysplasia but no carcinoma, eight contained
      no visible dysplastic lesion, and the remaining 20 contained a total of 40
      polypoid or elevated dysplastic areas. In 32 operative specimens removed for long
      standing chronic colitis without dysplasia or carcinoma, nine contained visible
      inflammatory polypoid lesions. On radiological or endoscopic examination of the
      colon in long-standing colitis close attention should be given to the
      identification and biopsy of polyps, elevated nodular areas or plaques,
      strictures, and isolated ulcers. It is likely that colectomy specimens with
      visible polypoid or elevated dysplastic lesions will contain a carcinoma more
      often than those removed for dysplasia in flat mucosa.

PMID- 6822179
TI  - Bile acid and pancreatic trypsin outputs are parallel during intraduodenal
      infusion of essential amino acids.
AB  - There is disagreement as to whether contraction of the gallbladder occurs
      simultaneously with secretion of pancreatic enzymes during food ingestion. One
      study that employed exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) alone showed dissociation of
      total bile acids (TBA) and trypsin outputs, while another study that employed
      exogenous CCK plus secretin showed parallel outputs of TBA and trypsin. Since
      previous studies have suggested that intraduodenal infusion of essential amino
      acids (EAA) evokes pancreaticobiliary secretion similar to that observed with
      food ingestion, we infused increasing doses of EAA intraduodenally in 10 subjects
      with intact gallbladder and in 10 subjects with previous cholecystectomy and
      measured total bile acids and trypsin outputs serially. In subjects with intact
      gallbladder, increasing molar doses of EAA induced parallel increases of TBA and
      trypsin outputs. In subjects with previous cholecystectomy trypsin outputs during
      infusion of EAA were similar to subjects with intact gallbladder, but their TBA
      outputs remained constant during the entire infusion period. Serial
      concentrations of plasma secretin did not change during intraduodenal infusion of
      EAA. These observations suggest that the gallbladder empties bile in concert with
      secretion of pancreatic enzymes following food ingestion.

PMID- 6822180
TI  - Pathogenesis of the "Courvoisier gallbladder".
AB  - To investigate the pathophysiological basis of Courvoisier's law, the gallbladder
      size and pliability were measured in chronic calculous cholecystitis with (7
      patients) or without (25 patients) common duct obstruction, in periampullary
      malignancy (6 patients), and in the normal state (3 patients). The duration and
      level of jaundice, when present, were correlated to the gallbladder size and
      ductal pressure as measured at operation. It was found that in vitro the
      gallbladders were equally pliable in all groups. Therefore, the classical
      explanation, that stone obstruction of the common duct does not result in dilated
      gallbladders because of less pliable organs from preexisting fibrosis, does not
      seem to apply for this series of patients. A markedly higher ductal pressure and
      a longer history of and deeper jaundice were also found in patients with dilated
      gallbladders. The data of this study support the alternative explanation that
      chronically increased ductal pressure is the probable cause of dilated
      gallbladders seen in malignant obstruction of the common duct.

PMID- 6822181
TI  - GABA-mimetic effect on gastric acid secretion. Possible significance in central
      mechanisms.
AB  - Parenteral administration of beta-(p-chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid (PCP
      GABA), a lipophilic GABA mimetic, has been shown to aggravate stress-induced
      ulcerations in the rat. Since acid hypersecretion may be a possible mechanism for
      this, we studied the effect of graded doses of PCP-GABA on rat gastric acid
      secretion. The stimulatory effect of PCP-GABA was found to be dose-dependent,
      long-acting, and massive, exceeding the maximal effects of histamine and
      bethanechol. The acid stimulant effect of PCP-GABA was completely abolished not
      only by atropine but also by truncal vagotomy. Vagotomized, PCP-GABA-treated
      animals responded to bethanechol, suggesting that a peripheral (cellular)
      mechanism is not involved. We conclude that PCP-GABA acts centrally to activate
      vagal centers and to cause acid hypersecretion. Although hypersecretion of acid
      caused by PCP-GABA may be involved in the observed aggravation of stress-induced
      ulceration in the rat stomach, evidence for this has yet to be provided.

PMID- 6822182
TI  - Effect of acid secretory capacity and chronic endogenous hypergastrinemia on
      pancreatic secretion and intestinal morphology in the rat.
AB  - To study the trophic effects of gastrin on the gastrointestinal tract, chronic
      endogenous hypergastrinemia was produced in rats by implantation of the gastric
      antrum into the colon. Rats were sham-operated (normal gastrin, normal acid) or
      were prepared with BII gastrojejunostomy and antral resection (low gastrin, low
      acid), or BII gastrojejunostomy and antral implantation into colon (high gastrin,
      acid present). To separate effects of hypergastrinemia from those of acid
      hypersecretion, two additional groups were prepared with total gastrectomy and
      either resection of the antrum (low gastrin, no acid) or antral implantation into
      colon (high gastrin, no acid). After 12 weeks, the pancreatic secretory response
      to secretin was measured. The animals were then sacrificed, and liver, pancreas,
      small intestine, and colon were weighed. In separate groups of animals villous
      height and width and crypt depth of small intestine and transverse colon were
      measured. Serum gastrin concentrations increased three- to fivefold in fasting
      and fed antral implant animals. Serum gastrin levels in the fed state were lower
      in antrectomy rats compared to controls but did not differ in the fasting rats.
      Pancreas and colon were heavier in all hypergastrinemic rats. Liver weights did
      not differ between hypergastrinemic animals and controls. Stimulated pancreatic
      bicarbonate secretion following secretin infusion was elevated only in
      hypergastrinemic, hyperacidic rats. Hypertrophy of the small bowel was seen in
      antral implant rats only when the gastric remnant was preserved (ie, when acid
      was present). Colonic mucosal thickness was increased in antral implant rats with
      or without gastrectomy. No significant increases in small-bowel villous height or
      crypt depth were found in antral implant rats. Thus, chronic endogenous
      hypergastrinemia caused pancreatic and colonic hypertrophy independent of acid
      secretion. In addition to hypergastrinemia, gastric hyperacidity was also needed
      for enlargement of small bowel or increase in secretin-stimulated pancreatic
      bicarbonate secretion.

PMID- 6822185
TI  - Zinc-deficiency-induced retinal dysfunction in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6822184
TI  - Ultrastructure of early development of acute pancreatitis in the rat.
AB  - This study was undertaken to define the earliest ultrastructural changes
      appearing in the exocrine pancreas and its vasculature during the development of
      experimental acute pancreatitis induced by the closed duodenal loop technique.
      Experimental and sham-operated rats were killed at hourly intervals up to 4 hr
      and at 6 hr postoperatively. Focal acinar cell response included appearance of
      vacuoles containing uncondensed or partially condensed secretory product, and
      some rearrangement and dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum within 1 hr.
      Mild edema was observed and damage to the vascular endothelium developed by 2 hr.
      At 4 hr focal hemorrhage and a slight inflammatory cell infiltrate was noted
      which was more prominent at 6 hr. The lack of a correspondence between areas of
      acinar cell and of vascular abnormalities suggests that factors other than
      increased secretory back-pressure are involved in the early development of this
      model of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 6822186
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm causing obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 6822187
TI  - Webs and web-like formations in the pharynx and cervical esophagus.
AB  - Webs were registered in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus in 63 out of 500
      dysphagial patients (12.5%) examined by radiography (single-film and
      cineradiography). Of these webs three were located above the level of the
      cricopharyngeal muscle. All the webs had smooth contours, were distinct and
      appeared unchanged on repeated swallowings. They were located mostly in the
      anterior wall, but could be circular. Such webs were found in only 2 of the 150
      volunteers (1.3%). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that these webs may give
      rise to dysphagia. Another form of mucosal folding on swallowing was registered
      in the lateral wall of the pharynx at the distal margin of the piriform sinuses
      in 16 of the 500 dysphagial patients (3.2%) and in 9 of the 150 nondysphagial
      volunteers (6%). This web-like phenomenon could be reproduced and identified in 5
      freshly obtained autopsy specimens in which a mucosal fold was regularly formed
      on distention at the distal margin of the piriform sinuses due to loosely
      attached mucosa. This mucosal folding does not seem to have any pathologic
      significance nor does it cause dysphagia. With the aid of cineradiography it is
      possible to distinguish true webs from other web-like phenomena that are due to
      the described insignificant mucosal foldings.

PMID- 6822188
TI  - Primary gastrointestinal plasmacytoma. Report of three cases.

PMID- 6822183
TI  - Chronic erosive gastritis--a recently recognized disorder.
AB  - We have reviewed the clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, pathology, and
      upper gastrointestinal x-rays in 10 patients with chronic erosive gastritis, a
      disorder that was rarely recognized before the use of double-contrast upper
      gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy. The characteristic x-ray appearance is
      that of a series of 3 to 11-mm nodules, some with central collections of barium,
      that are distributed along rugal folds and usually extend into the antrum. The
      endoscopic appearance is similar: small erythematous nodules with shallow central
      erosions. The pathology differs from that seen in peptic ulcer disease. There are
      few polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a predominance of plasma cells in the
      inflammatory infiltrate. Seven of our patients presented with epigastric pain
      similar to that of peptic ulcer disease; four of these also had anorexia and
      weight loss. In two other patients anorexia and weight loss were the only
      symptoms. One patient was asymptomatic. All nine symptomatic patients responded
      to antacid treatment. However, repeat x-rays demonstrated persistence of the
      nodules, although the central erosions usually disappeared. The etiology is
      unknown. Chronic erosive gastritis appears to be a distinct entity different from
      peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 6822189
TI  - Unusual appearance of a mesenteric cyst. Case report.
AB  - A 43-year old female with an 8 month history of abdominal discomfort was admitted
      to our hospital. The initial diagnosis was splenomegaly. Laboratory tests were
      normal. Ultrasounds revealed a mass (9 cm) of general cystic appearance ventral
      to the left kidney with a flat-fluid level. At CT, the mass showed fat density
      above and water density below the fluid level. Differential diagnoses are
      discussed. The final diagnosis of a mesenteric cyst could be established by
      coeliac and superior mesenteric arteriography and was confirmed
      histopathologically.

PMID- 6822190
TI  - A method of assessing efficacy of renal arteriography with reference to the space
      occupying lesion of the kidney.
AB  - A 5 categories classification method has been used for assessing the test
      efficacy of renal arteriography with reference to suspicion of a space-occupying
      lesion of the kidney in a urogram. 20 selected intravenous urographies were
      judged by 7 investigators. Using a diagnostic score the efficacy per patient, per
      investigator was assessed. The mean of all investigators per patient (= the mean
      diagnostic score per patient) and the mean of all patients per investigator (=
      the mean diagnostic score per investigator) were also assessed. The first gives
      an indication of the difficulty of the case; the second gives an indication of
      the performance of the investigator.

PMID- 6822191
TI  - Ultrasonic compound scans from brain specimens.
AB  - This paper demonstrates the high quality of ultrasonograms obtained from brain
      specimens by compound scanning when the angular range of insonation is extended
      to 360 degrees. The technique employs linear photographic superposition and a
      commercial real time scanner as basic instrument. Comparative anatomical cross
      sections showed that the major normal structures and pathological processes like
      hemorrhage, tumors, infarctions and edema are displayed. The image quality
      indicates the potential of this approach when applied to organs accessible to
      this type of scanning procedure.

PMID- 6822192
TI  - [Autonomic cardiac neuropathy].

PMID- 6822193
TI  - [Colonoscopy without preliminary examination?].

PMID- 6822194
TI  - [Acute carbon monoxide poisoning in pregnancy].

PMID- 6822195
TI  - [The Nehb derivation].

PMID- 6822196
TI  - [The course of collagenous colitis].

PMID- 6822197
TI  - Preclinical hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6822198
TI  - [Modern genetic research and the human psyche].

PMID- 6822199
TI  - [Diagnosis of extracranial carotid diseases. Doppler-echo flow and transvenous
      digital subtraction angiography].
AB  - Doppler-echo flow was measured in the assessment of 3608 carotid arterial systems
      (common, internal and external carotid arteries on one side). Conventional
      carotid angiography was performed in 156 cases, 363 were examined by digital
      subtraction angiography (DSA). All three methods were employed for 32 carotid
      systems. It was demonstrated that the accuracy of the Doppler-echo flow method
      depends on the experience of the examiner. In the hands of the experienced,
      accurate diagnosis with regard to "haemodynamic effective obstruction" was 96%
      and for "no haemodynamically effective obstruction" 98%. Among beginners the
      corresponding results were 87 and 93%, respectively. DAS was a very low-risk
      procedure. Directly occurring cerebrovascular complications during manipulation
      were not observed among 1,000 procedures. The results agreed in 88% of cases
      examined by the Doppler-echo flow method, so that in most cases it is possible to
      avoid arterial angiography with its higher risks. Analysis of 32 cases, in which
      there was additional arterial angiography, indicates that there may be some false
      positive and false-negative results with DSA. If the findings do not agree,
      arterial angiography is still necessary.

PMID- 6822200
TI  - [Operative methods in adenocarcinoma of the cardia].
AB  - Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric transition is only incompletely resectable
      in 40% of cases, if resection with intrathoracic anastomosis is desired. Death
      rate of thoraco-abdominal or transthoracic resection is over 40% (in the authors'
      own series 47%). Survival time of patients is short, some develop a recurrence at
      the anastomotic site. More radical and carrying a lower postoperative mortality
      is resection of the tumour with subtotal oesophagectomy without opening the
      thorax. Anastomosis with the residual stomach is made at the cervical portion of
      the oesophagus.

PMID- 6822201
TI  - Effects of two treatment regimes with synthetic human parathyroid hormone
      fragment on bone formation and the tissue balance of trabecular bone in
      greyhounds.
AB  - The adult greyhound was found to be similar to adult man with respect to kinetic
      and histomorphometric indices of calcium metabolism. The relationship between
      trabecular bone tissue balance and the pattern of human PTH fragment 1-34 (hPTH 1
      34) administration by daily injections or continuous sc infusions was
      investigated in this model and the results compared to those from a clinical
      trial of hPTH 1-34 in involutional osteoporosis (peptide administration by single
      daily injections). In the dogs, the daily injection regime elevated plasma levels
      of immunoreactive hPTH 1-34 for no more than 4 h/day. The greyhounds so treated
      showed significantly increased indices of bone formation (surface osteoid, plasma
      alkaline phosphatase activity, and skeletal accretion rate of calcium) and
      resorption (number of osteoclasts, resorption surfaces). Iliac trabecular bone
      volume increased significantly, as it did in the patients. The infusions did not
      significantly increase the trabecular bone volume or the 47Ca accretion rate, two
      parameters which increased in parallel in dogs and patients treated successfully
      by daily injections. The osteoclastic surfaces, however, were clearly increased
      by continuous infusions, while the increases in the osteoblastic surfaces were
      less statistically significant. Since hPTH 1-34 may inhibit osteogenesis in
      Friedenstein chambers, it is possible that the increased osteoblastic activity
      induced by the daily injection regime in trabecular bone is dependent on the
      noncontinuous nature of the PTH stimulus.

PMID- 6822202
TI  - The content of carboxyl-terminal fragments of parathormone in extracts of fresh
      bovine parathyroids.
AB  - Fresh parathyroid gland homogenates and fractions thereof were analyzed for their
      content of PTH and carboxyl-terminal fragments of the hormone. The tissue
      proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and then extracted from gel fractions for RIA. Native PTH and PTH
      (37-84) were used as standards to mark the migration positions of these peptides
      in the gels. The RIA for carboxyl-terminal hormone fragments used PTH-(37-84) as
      radioiodinated tracer and responded equally on a molar basis to either PTH or PTH
      (37-84), making possible quantitative evaluation of both peptides in one assay
      after their separation. The results indicated that tissue homogenates contain 0.3
      0.5 PTH-(37-84) moleq for each mole of PTH. Particulate fractions of the
      homogenates contained 0.15-0.3 moleq of fragment/mol PTH, while the high speed
      supernatant fraction of the homogenate contained about 2 moleq of fragment/mol
      PTH. When the experiments were performed using homogenization and fractionation
      buffers that contained numerous protease inhibitors, the ratios of carboxyl
      terminal PTH fragment to intact hormone were not decreased, indicating that the
      hormone fragments were not produced during tissue processing. In addition, PTH
      added to tissue homogenates was not degraded during subsequent manipulations. The
      results demonstrate that fresh bovine parathyroid tissue contains substantial
      levels of carboxyl-terminal PTH peptide fragments, which can be measured by RIA
      after separation from PTH and other hormonal species. The data support the
      hypothesis that hormone fragments reside in regions of the cell different from
      those that contain PTH.

PMID- 6822203
TI  - Cycle detection: a technique for estimating the frequency and amplitude of
      episodic fluctuations in blood hormone and substrate concentrations.
AB  - Investigation of episodic endocrine secretion has been hampered by inadequate
      analytical techniques for describing patterns of blood concentrations over time.
      Although standard time series methods, such as autocorrelation and power spectral
      analysis, are available, their use is limited to special cases in which rhythms
      are regular. To facilitate the analysis of our own episodic LH data, we have
      developed a process for determining the frequency and amplitude of both regular
      and irregular endocrine rhythms (signals) in the presence of high levels of
      random measurement errors (noise). This process, called cycle detection, engages
      an iterative, computerized procedure which scans data identifying sequential
      increases and decreases greater than an initial, preset threshold value. One
      complete cycle is defined as two increases greater than threshold separated by a
      decrease which is also greater than threshold. For an initial first pass estimate
      of frequency and amplitude, the threshold is set at 2.7 times the noise standard
      deviation. On the next pass, the threshold is readjusted, based on an empirically
      derived formula, and the data are scanned again. This process is repeated until
      the threshold reaches a stable value. We have tested the reliability of the cycle
      detection process by simulating irregular rhythm fluctuations of different
      frequencies, corrupted by various levels of noise and evaluating the signal
      characteristics with cycle detection analysis. These tests indicate that cycle
      detection provides excellent estimates of cycle frequency and amplitude, even
      with signal to noise ratios as low as 1.5. The ability of this process to analyze
      cyclic signals of almost any shape, with either regular or irregular rhythms,
      should make it a valuable tool in the hands of endocrine researchers.

PMID- 6822204
TI  - A homologous radioimmunoassay for rat corticosteroid-binding globulin.
AB  - A rapid, specific, and sensitive RIA was developed for rat corticosteroid-binding
      globulin (CBG). Rat CBG was purified by affinity chromatography and its precise
      concentration was determined by amino acid analysis. This rat CBG was injected
      into rabbits to raise antiserum and was used both as the assay standard and as
      the tracer after labeling with 125I. Antiserum to CBG was judged specific by
      immunoelectrophoresis and by the comparison of RIA values with steroid-binding
      assay values obtained following serum fractionation on ion exchange and sizing
      resins. The RIA was used to determine CBG levels in pregnant rats (2.65 microM on
      day 14 falling to 0.95 microM at parturition), their corresponding fetuses (0.24
      microM on day 18 and 0.16 microM at parturition), and amniotic fluid (0.051
      microM on day 13 rising to 0.21 microM on day 21).

PMID- 6822205
TI  - Progestin-like effects of danazol on rabbit uterus.
AB  - The action of danazol on cytosol and nuclear progestin and estrogen receptor
      concentrations and on the induction of uteroglobin synthesis were studied in the
      rabbit uterus in vivo. In addition, the relative binding affinity of danazol for
      the uterine progestin receptor was measured in vitro. Administration of
      increasing doses of danazol (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg BW daily) for 5 days to adult
      rabbits tended to decrease the concentrations of cytosol and nuclear progestin
      and estrogen receptors, whereas the uterine uteroglobin content increased with
      increasing doses of danazol. Progesterone (1 mg/kg BW daily) caused changes which
      were greater than those caused by the largest dose of danazol. Danazol was found
      to bind to the uterine progestin receptor in vitro with an affinity approximately
      3.3% of that of progesterone. These findings suggest that danazol has a profound
      progestin-like activity in the rabbit uterus which may be mediated through
      binding to cytosol progestin receptors.

PMID- 6822207
TI  - Spermatogenesis in vitro: completion of meiosis and early spermiogenesis.
AB  - In vitro formation of haploid spermatids has not been convincingly demonstrated
      in mammals. To investigate this problem we selected defined segments of rat
      seminiferous tubules containing late pachytene and diakinetic primary
      spermatocytes (Stages XII and XIII of the cycle) for culture in a chemically
      defined medium. After 2 days, most spermatocytes completed both meiotic
      divisions, and by 6 days the tubular epithelium developed morphologic
      characteristics of Stage V in which the newly formed spermatids had acrosomic
      systems characteristic of step 5 spermiogenesis. The seminiferous tubules also
      differentiated biochemically as evidenced by increased production of proteins
      characteristically secreted by Stage V. Since this in vitro differentiation of
      the germinal epithelium occurred in the absence of testosterone and FSH, we
      conclude that late pachytene spermatocytes and their associated Sertoli cells
      have all the information required for both meiotic divisions and early
      spermiogenesis.

PMID- 6822206
TI  - 17 beta-Estradiol has a biphasic effect on gh cell growth.
AB  - Estrogen causes mammotroph and pituitary tumor growth in vivo; we therefore
      studied its effect on growth of GH cells, a clonal line of rat pituitary tumor
      cells. Medium supplemented with gelding serum enabled us to detect effects of
      estradiol which are masked by the higher estrogen concentrations of commercially
      available horse serum. GH cells were treated with estradiol for 7 days. Cell
      number was affected in a biphasic fashion: estradiol at 10(-11) M and 3 X 10(-11)
      M increased cell number 6- to 13-fold. Concentrations between 3 X 10(-11) M and
      10(-9) M caused a dose-dependent decrease from the maximal cell number. The half
      maximal concentration for this inhibitory effect was about 10(-10) M. Prolactin
      production was stimulated 3-to 11-fold by estradiol, also with a half-maximal
      concentration of 10(-10) M. We conclude that estradiol has at least 3
      distinguishable effects on GH cells: stimulation of growth at concentrations
      below 3 X 10(-11) M, and inhibition of growth at higher concentrations, as well
      as the well known stimulation of prolactin production.

PMID- 6822208
TI  - Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Homogenates of rat brown adipose tissue (BAT) and epididymal fat pad (EPI)
      catalyze the 5'-deiodination of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) in the presence of
      dithiothreitol. BAT, but not EPI, catalyzes the 5'-deiodination of thyroxinE (T4)
      generating equal amounts of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and iodide. BAT 5'
      deiodinase activity was unaffected by propylthiouracil (PTU) and was elevated in
      hypothyroid rats, whereas EPI 5'-deiodinase was totally inhibited by PTU and was
      depressed in hypothyroidism. These results indicate that type II (PTU
      insensitive) 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase activity is present in BAT.

PMID- 6822209
TI  - Complementation of human growth hormone (GH) peptide 1-134 with C-terminal
      fragments of human GH produced by digestion with bromelain.
AB  - The digestion of human GH (hGH) with the proteolytic enzyme, bromelain, results
      in a major product consisting of a mixture of three large fragments, i.e.
      residues 1-135 + 143-191, 1-135 + 145-191, and 1-135 + 146-191. In the case of
      each fragment, the N-terminal peptide is joined to the C-terminal fragment by the
      disulfide bridge between residues 56 and 165. A C-terminal fragment mixture
      consisting of peptides 143-191, 145-191, and 146-191 was isolated from this major
      digestion product after reduction and S-carbamidomethylation of its disulfide
      bonds. In the present study, the noncovalent complementation of the peptides in
      this mixture with S-carbamidomethylated peptide 1-134 derived from thrombin
      digested hGH was investigated. Noncovalent complementation of these peptides was
      accomplished by dissolving equimolar amounts of the materials in 0.5% ammonium
      bicarbonate-6 M guanidine-HCl and dialyzing the mixture slowly to remove the
      guanidine-HCl. The recombinant mixture was recovered in 26% yield by gel
      filtration of the peptide mixture and was found to contain three noncovalent
      recombinant species, i.e. peptides 1-134 + 143-191, 1-134 + 145-191, and 1-134 +
      146-191. Thus it would appear that residues 135-145 are not required to obtain
      noncovalent complementation between the N- and C-terminal regions of the hGH
      molecule. In an RIA for hGH the recombinant mixture was found to possess
      approximately 40% the cross-reactivity of the native hormone. In contrast, it had
      only about 10% the activity of native hGH in the weight gain test in
      hypophysectomized rats, in stimulating phenylalanine incorporation into the
      protein of the isolated hypophysectomized rat diaphragm, and in stimulating
      glucose oxidation by isolated adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats. The
      limited biological activity of the recombinant mixture is of interest, since the
      major bromelain digestion product from which the C-terminal peptides were derived
      consists of a mixture of rather similar molecules (i.e. peptides 1-135 + 143-191,
      1-135 + 145-191, 1-135 + 146-191; and with intact disulfide bridges), which
      exhibits substantial growth-promoting and insulin-like activities.

PMID- 6822210
TI  - Hormonal control of growth in the infant rat: further evidence that neither
      thyrotropin nor thyroid hormones are transferred via milk to suckling pups.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to obtain information on the possible transfer of TSH
      and thyroid hormones from mother rats to their infants via milk. The mothers were
      thyroidectomized by surgical or chemical (tapazole) means to eliminate maternal
      thyroid hormones from milk while increasing its content of TSH. Their pups were
      either hypophysectomized (HX) or sham HX, and some pups were also chemically
      thyroidectomized (CTX) by tapazole injections. Surgical thyroidectomy (STX) of
      the mothers reduced the weight gain of HX and sham HX pups by 28% and 22%,
      respectively, but it did not affect tail growth in either group of pups, Their
      pups were either hypophysectomized (HX) or sham HX, and some pups were also
      chemically thyroidectomized (CTX) by tapazole injections. Surgical thyroidectomy
      (STX) of the mothers reduced the weight gain of HX and sham HX pups by 28% and
      22%, respectively, but it did not affect tail growth in either group of pups,
      Their pups were either hypophysectomized (HX) or sham HX, and some pups were also
      chemically thyroidectomized (CTX) by tapazole injections. Surgical thyroidectomy
      (STX) of the mothers reduced the weight gain of HX and sham HX pups by 28% and
      22%, respectively, but it did not affect tail growth in either group of pups, and
      it did not affect serum T4 levels in the sham HX infants. In contrast, CTX caused
      a pronounced inhibition of weight gain (-45%), tail growth (-45%), and serum T4
      (to less than 0.5 micrograms/100 ml) in the sham HX pups. In comparison to the HX
      pups with euthyroid or STX mothers, the HX infants with CTX mothers also showed
      reduced weight gain (-57% and -40%, respectively) and tail growth (-40% and -34%,
      respectively). Tapazole injections into sham HX pups suckling CTX mothers further
      reduced weight gain, but not tail growth. Because skeletal growth in the pups is
      highly dependent on their thyroid status, the lack of effect of surgical TX of
      mothers on tail growth in their sham HX infants provides no evidence for the
      transfer of physiologically effective amounts of thyroid hormones from mother to
      infant via milk. Likewise, the failure of TX of mothers to affect the tail growth
      of the HX pups argues against milk TSH being of significance to the infant.
      However, the data obtained with the tapazole-treated mothers indicate that
      significant quantities of the drug are passed from mother to infant via milk.

PMID- 6822211
TI  - A transplant system for studying hormonal control of growth of fetal rat tissues:
      effects of hypophysectomy growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroxine.
AB  - Much uncertainty still exists about whether mammalian fetuses are dependent on
      and/or responsive to hormones that are growth promoting postnatally. To allow
      this problem to be investigated more meaningfully, a transplant system was
      developed. Paws from 14- to 15-day-old fetal rats were incubated under the kidney
      capsules of 28- to 30-day-old syngeneic female hosts for up to 11 days. After an
      initial lag period, the growth rate of the transplants was similar to that of in
      situ paws. The implants differentiated normally, and their histological structure
      as well as various biochemical indices were similar to those of in situ paws.
      Growth of paws in hypophysectomized (HX) hosts was reduced to 35% of that of
      transplants in intact hosts, but the HX hosts themselves showed total cessation
      of growth. Injections of T4 or PRL into HX hosts did not improve transplant
      growth, but GH restored paw growth almost completely. The combination of GH plus
      T4 was no more effective than GH alone. Doses of GH (in HX hosts) that restored
      growth of the fetal tissue to 80-95% of that of paws in intact hosts caused only
      a 20-60% restoration of growth of the HX hosts themselves. Our results indicate
      that the internal milieu of juvenile female rats is as suitable for the growth of
      fetal paws as the normal intrauterine environment. Furthermore, GH is needed to
      maintain that internal milieu for optimal growth of fetal tissue. Although the
      tissues of the fetal paw are less dependent on GH than are those of the juvenile
      hosts, they appear to be more responsive to the hormone.

PMID- 6822212
TI  - Mineralocorticoid modulation of prolactin effect on renal solute excretion in the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of ovine PRL (oPRL) on renal solute and water handling were examined
      in 1) intact, 2) salt-loaded (6 meq NaCl ip X 8 days), 3) adrenalectomized (adx),
      4) adx plus corticosterone-treated (133 micrograms/100 g BW im), and 5) adx plus
      dexamethasone-treated (10 micrograms/100 g BW im) male rats. After 7 days
      treatment rats received a water load (3% BW ip) before a 4-h urine collection.
      Rats also received 0.9% NaCl im (controls) or 1.0 mg oPRL on days 4-7. Treatments
      were continued to day 8 for inulin clearance determination. The effects of
      arginine vasopressin (AVP) (173 microU im, days 4-7) on renal solute and water
      excretion were also examined in salt-loaded rats to see if renal effects of oPRL
      treatment were due to AVP contamination of the oPRL preparation. In intact rats
      drinking tap water, oPRL decreased sodium clearance (CNa) and potassium clearance
      (CK) (P less than 0.05) vs. controls, with no change in free water clearance
      (CH2O). In intact rats receiving 1.0% NaCl and 1.0% glucose as a replacement for
      drinking water, oPRL decreased CNa (P less than 0.05) and increased CK (P less
      than 0.05) vs. controls, with no change in osmolar clearance or CH2O. In salt
      loaded rats oPRL increased CNa and CK (P less than 0.05) vs. controls, with no
      change in CH2O. AVP administration to salt-loaded rats, however, had no effect on
      CNa and decreased CK vs. controls. oPRL increased CK (P less than 0.05) in adx
      rats, with no effect on CNa. In adx plus corticosterone-treated rats oPRL
      decreased CNa and CK (P less than 0.005), similar to its effect in intact
      animals. oPRL had no effect on renal solute or water excretion as compared to
      control animals in dexamethasone-treated adx rats. oPRL did not alter glomerular
      filtration rate at any time. These data suggest that 1) oPRL requires the
      presence of mineralocorticoids for an effect on sodium, but not potassium,
      excretion, 2) elevated sodium intake reverses the effect of oPRL on potassium
      excretion, 3) oPRL potentiates the effects of corticosterone on sodium
      reabsorption, and 4) glucocorticoids may block the effects of oPRL on the kidney.

PMID- 6822213
TI  - Corticosteroid stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in cultured fetal
      rabbit lung: evidence for de novo protein synthesis mediated by glucocorticoid
      receptors.
AB  - To investigate further the mechanism whereby glucocorticoids accelerate the
      maturation of the pulmonary surfactant system, we studied both binding of
      glucocorticoids and their effect on phosphatidylcholine synthesis in organ
      cultures of fetal rabbit lung grown in serum-free medium. The greatest effect of
      dexamethasone (100 nM for 48 h) occurred at 24 days gestation when there was a
      103% increase in the rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and a
      24% increase in the tissue content of disaturated phosphatidylcholine.
      Stimulation by corticosteroid was first observed after 12 h of exposure. Choline
      incorporation increased in a linear fashion for 36 h and then began to plateau;
      removal of the steroid after 24 h prevented any further increase in stimulation.
      The presence of other hormones in the culture medium was not a prerequisite for
      the corticosteroid action. Fetal sex had no influence on dexamethasone-induced
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis or on nuclear binding of dexamethasone. There was a
      striking similarity between the Kd values for specific nuclear binding of
      dexamethasone and cortisol (0.6 +/- 0.1 and 7.3 +/- 0.1 nM, respectively) and the
      concentrations for half-maximal stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis (0.7
      +/- 0.1 and 6.8 +/- 0.5 nM). The relative potencies of a number of steroids (100
      nM) for both nuclear binding and stimulation of choline incorporation were the
      same: dexamethasone greater than cortisol greater than cortisone greater than
      corticosterone greater than dehydrocorticosterone, with no effect by
      progesterone, testosterone, or estradiol at this dose. Actinomycin D and
      cycloheximide blocked dexamethasone-induced phosphatidylcholine synthesis in a
      dose-dependent fashion. Actinomycin D had a marked effect if added at the
      initiation of hormone exposure, but little effect when added after 24 h, whereas
      cycloheximide was primarily effective between 24-48 h. These findings suggest
      that glucocorticoid stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in fetal lung is
      mediated by binding to specific receptors, with subsequent de novo synthesis of
      RNA and protein.

PMID- 6822214
TI  - Decrease in blood and ovarian 3 alpha- and 3 beta-androstanediol levels in rats
      induced to ovulate with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin.
AB  - Several hours before the first ovulation progesterone metabolism in the rat
      ovary, in vitro, is shifted from the production of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17
      beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) as the major metabolite toward the production of 4-ene-3
      oxosteroids. In the present paper, changes in levels of 3 alpha-diol and its 3
      beta-epimer as well as testosterone in blood and ovaries around the time of the
      first ovulation have been studied in immature PMSG-treated rats. Forty-eight
      hours after PMSG, a considerable increase in blood and ovarian testosterone
      concentration was observed, whereas the concentrations of both androstanediols in
      blood decreased sharply. At 52 h, the level of ovarian 3 beta-diol was only one
      third of the control level and continued to fall. The decrease in ovarian 3 alpha
      diol was less pronounced, but reached about half, or less, of the control value.
      In PMSG-treated rats in which the LH surge was blocked by pentobarbitone, the
      decrease in blood diols was delayed but not prevented. It is concluded that the
      decrease in production of the androstanediols preceding the first ovulation
      observed previously in isolated ovaries, also occurs in the intact rat. The
      decrease in androstanediols occurs very shortly before an ovulation induced with
      an injection of PMSG and is dependent on the occurrence of an LH surge. Since it
      is assumed that the androstanediols have a prepubertal role in inhibiting uterine
      and ovarian growth and in preventing cyclic LH release, it is essential that
      their concentration decrease several hours before the first ovulation.

PMID- 6822215
TI  - Estrogen-stimulated uptake of plasminogen by the mouse uterus.
AB  - Administration of a single low dose of estradiol to the immature (4- to 5-week
      old) female mouse caused a rapid, uterine-specific increase in the uptake of
      radiolabeled plasminogen from plasma. A significant increase in uptake was
      detectable within 30 min and reached a maximum 2-4 h after administration of the
      hormone. After 4 h, a substantial amount (42%) of the newly taken up plasminogen
      was found in the uterine lumen. Half-maximal stimulation of uptake occurred at a
      dose of 0.20 microgram estradiol/animal. Estrogen stimulation of uptake was not
      blocked by puromycin, indicating that new protein synthesis was not required.
      Similar results were obtained with mouse plasma albumin. Estrogen-stimulated
      uptake was not blocked by indomethacin (10 micrograms/g BW, iv), but was blocked
      by prednisolone. Approximately 50% inhibition of the stimulation induced by 0.5
      microgram estradiol in these 10-g animals was accomplished with 50 micrograms
      prednisolone. This study extends our initial findings on the estrogen-stimulated
      uptake of plasma proteins by the mouse uterus and provides a mechanism by which
      uterine plasminogen levels can be elevated before implantation.

PMID- 6822216
TI  - Progesterone-altered secretory proteins from cultured human endometrium.
AB  - An organ culture technique for the maintenance of human endometrium was used to
      study secretory protein production and the ability of progesterone to alter the
      character of secretory products from this tissue. Proliferative phase cultures of
      human endometrium were incubated in defined medium for 48 h in the presence or
      absence of 0.1 microgram/ml progesterone. During the 25th to 48th hours, the
      tissues were labeled with radioactive protein precursors. The proteins in medium
      and tissue cytosol were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. Our results suggest that human
      endometrium secretes at least 24 proteins into the culture medium and that the
      majority of these are glycoproteins. The presence of progesterone during culture
      caused a change in the concentration of certain medium proteins. Five protein
      bands were consistently observed to have a hormonally induced variation of
      intensity on autoradiographs. Two of these (mol wt, 58,000 and 28,000) showed a
      decrease in their intensity and three (mol wt, 130,000, 50,000, and 35,000)
      showed an increase when progesterone-treated and untreated cultures of
      endometrium were compared. The greatest progesterone-induced change in intensity
      occurred with the 58,000 mol wt protein (S2). The changes in band intensity
      appear to be reversible over the time periods studied. Our results provide
      evidence that significant alterations occur in the protein content of human
      endometrial secretions as a result of progesterone stimulation.

PMID- 6822217
TI  - Molecular forms of glucagon-like immunoreactivity in porcine intestine and
      pancreas.
AB  - Glucagon-related polypeptides in porcine pancreas and intestine were analysed by
      gel-permeation chromatography and RIA. Three assays were employed: a nonspecific
      glucagon assay (R59) of 94% cross-reactivity with glicentin; a pancreatic
      glucagon assay (RCS5) directed against the C-terminal region of glucagon and of
      less than 0.01% cross-reactivity with glicentin; and a glicentin assay (R64) of
      less than 0.01% cross-reactivity with glucagon. For extracts of porcine pancreas
      all three assays gave similar molar concentrations of immunoreactivity. In
      porcine intestinal extracts immunoreactivity was detected in significant amounts
      only by the nonspecific glucagon (R59) and the glicentin (R64) assays, again in
      similar molar concentrations. The immunoreactivities present in pancreas and
      intestine were chromatographically and immunologically separable into six main
      peaks, peaks I, II, III, V, and VI being present in the pancreas, and peaks I,
      II, and IV in the intestine. The different immunoreactivities of the peaks
      allowed probable identities to be assigned to their main components. Apart from
      peak I, which consists of void-volume material that may interfere nonspecifically
      with the assays, the main components of the peaks can be interpreted as glicentin
      (in peak II) or fragments derived from glicentin. Peak III contains the N
      terminal portion of glicentin (glicentin-related pancreatic peptide), peak IV
      probably contains glucagon with its 8 amino-acid C-terminal extension, peak V is
      pancreatic glucagon and peak VI contains smaller N-terminal glicentin fragments.
      These findings fit with the proposition that glicentin fulfills the role of
      proglucagon in the pancreas, and is the major component of enteroglucagon in the
      intestine.

PMID- 6822218
TI  - Genetic control of corticosteroid side-chain isomerase activity in the mouse.
AB  - The corticosteroid side-chain isomerases of mammalian liver catalyze the
      interconversion of the ketol and aldol side chains. In the mouse, isomerase was
      low in C57BL/6 (B6) mice (130 pmol/mg protein . 2 h) and high in BALB/c (C) mice
      (230 pmol/mg protein . 2 h). From analysis of hybrids between B6 and C and of
      backcrosses of these hybrids to B6, it was concluded that isomerase levels are
      controlled by a single autosomal gene dominant for high activity. The
      distribution of high and low isomerase levels in a series of CXB/By recombinant
      inbred strains of mice was consistent with linkage of the isomerase gene to H-2.
      Congenic BALB.B mice (H-2b haplotype from C57BL/10) had low isomerase activities
      corresponding to C57BL/10, not the high activity of the background strain
      BALB/c(H-2d). Similarly, BN10.D2 congenic mice (H-2d haplotype from the DBA/2
      strain) had high activity characteristic of DBA/2. In the (C X B6)F1, (C X
      BALB.B)F1 and (B10 X B10.D2)F1 hybrids, all of which are H-2d/H-2d heterozygotes,
      isomerase activity was high. The association of isomerase levels with H-2 type
      was further confirmed in mice of the following backcrosses: (C X BALB.B)F1 X
      BALB.B, (C X B6)F1 X B6 and (B10 X B10.D2)F1 X B10. H-2b/H-2b homozygous
      segregants had consistently low activity and H-2b/H-2d heterozygous segregants
      had consistently high activity. It was concluded that the level of corticosteroid
      side-chain isomerase activity in mouse liver is controlled by a gene(s) in the
      region of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17.

PMID- 6822219
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on type I collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase
      activity, and deoxyribonucleic acid content in cultured rat calvariae.
AB  - Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is believed to be caused by increased bone
      resorption and decreased bone formation. However, the direct effects of
      glucocorticoids on bone formation are, as yet, not fully understood. Cortisol,
      corticosterone, and dexamethasone were examined for their effects on alkaline
      phosphatase activity, the incorporation of [3H]proline into type I collagen, DNA
      content, and mitotic index in intact 21-day-old fetal rat calvariae. After 24 h
      of treatment, cortisol at 1-100 nM increased the incorporation of [3H]proline
      into type I collagen, whereas at 1-10 microM, cortisol inhibited type I collagen
      labeling. After 96 h, cortisol (0.1-10 microM) had an inhibitory effect on type I
      collagen labeling and alkaline phosphatase activity. Cortisol had a small, not
      dose dependent, and transient stimulatory effect on alkaline phosphatase which
      appeared after 12-24 h of exposure, whereas the inhibitory effect was dose
      related, it appeared and was near-maximal after 48 h of continuous treatment with
      cortisol. Corticosterone and dexamethasone had an effect similar to that of
      cortisol on type I collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity. None of
      the steroids tested affected the release of the enzyme into the culture medium.
      Cortisol, corticosterone, and dexamethasone did not alter calvarial DNA content
      after 24 h of treatment, but after 96, concentrations of 1 nM to 10 microM were
      inhibitory. The decrease in DNA appeared after 48 h of exposure to 100 nM
      cortisol and was maximal after 72 h. Histological sections showed a marked and
      generalized decrease in the number of mitoses after colcemid arrest in calvariae
      treated with 100 nM cortisol, corticosterone, or dexamethasone for 96 h. These
      studies indicate that glucocorticoids have a dual effect on type I collagen
      synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured calvariae: a transient
      stimulatory effect after short term treatment and an inhibitory one after long
      term exposure. The latter is related to a generalized decrease in cell
      population.

PMID- 6822220
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis-dependent casein gene expression: species
      differences.
AB  - Mammary gland explants from mature virgin mice, rats, and rabbits exhibit an
      increased rate of both DNA and casein syntheses when cultured in the presence of
      specific combinations of insulin, hydrocortisone, and PRL. If cytosine
      arabinoside, a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis, is added to the culture medium,
      casein synthesis is inhibited in explants from mice but not in those from rats or
      rabbits. This inhibition is at the level of accumulation of casein mRNA; an 89%
      reduction of stimulated levels was observed. The nature of this block was
      investigated further by examining the general response of mature virgin mouse
      mammary explants to hydrocortisone and PRL, hormones considered essential for
      casein gene expression in this species. Cytosine arabinoside did not prevent an
      increment in either hydrocortisone-induced NADH-cytochrome c-reductase or PRL
      induced total RNA synthesis. Previous work has shown that certain insulin-induced
      responses are also unaffected. Taken collectively, these results suggest that the
      lesion induced by cytosine arabinoside inhibition of DNA synthesis is distal to
      the receptor for one or more of these hormones. The necessity for coupling DNA
      synthesis with overt differentiation in the mature virgin mouse, but not in the
      rat or rabbit, is one of numerous examples of species variation in regard to the
      interaction of hormones with the mammary gland.

PMID- 6822221
TI  - The surgeon's use of the rigid and flexible bronchoscopes in the diagnosis of
      bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - The results of a prospective study comparing the rigid and flexible fibreoptic
      bronchoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and assessment of bronchial carcinoma
      are reported. One hundred and nine patients underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and
      these were compared with a similar group of 111 patients in whom the rigid
      bronchoscope was used. Bronchoscopic diagnosis of malignancy was achieved in
      73.4% of patients in the fibreoptic group and in 73% using the rigid
      bronchoscope.

PMID- 6822223
TI  - The malignant potential of colorectal polyps--a new statistical approach.
AB  - To investigate the factors influencing the malignant potential of adenomas, a
      logit analysis was carried out. The malignancy rate (frequency of malignant areas
      infiltrating into submucosa) in adenomas is influenced by 1. the size of the
      adenoma, 2. the interrelationship between size and histological type (tubular,
      tubulo-villous, villous) and 3. the macroscopic growth pattern (pedunculated,
      semipedunculated, sessile). No influence is exercised by the number of adenomas,
      their localization, or the sex of the patient.

PMID- 6822222
TI  - Endoscopic-radiological findings in metastatic obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Metastatic obstructive jaundice usually results from an occlusion of the common
      hepatic or bile duct. More rarely, the underlying cause is a disseminated
      intrahepatic infiltration that has led to the occlusion of the bile canaliculi.
      The endoscopic-radiological examination techniques usually permit a reliable
      differentiation between neoplasms originating primarily in the biliary tract, and
      ductal occlusions caused by metastatic disease. In addition to this, both ERC and
      PTC permit the placement of an internal or external biliary drain during one and
      the same procedure. ERC represents a highly suitable method for the follow-up
      monitoring or documentation of the therapeutic effect of biliary drainage,
      radiotherapy and/or polychemotherapy. With the aid of regular follow-up
      examinations, recurrent disease can be detected early on, and appropriately
      treated.

PMID- 6822224
TI  - Bacteraemia with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--a reappraisal.
AB  - To assess the risk of infective endocarditis for susceptible patients having
      upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, we have prospectively studied the
      incidence, level, duration and source of endoscopy-related bacteraemia and the
      microorganisms involved. Blood was drawn for aerobic and anaerobic culture and
      pour plate estimation from 50 patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy. Blood
      cultures were positive in two patients with the isolation of Streptococci and
      other oropharyngeal organisms during and 5 min after endoscopy. Pre-endoscopy
      salivary cultures in both patients grew Streptococci identical to those isolated
      from the blood; pour plates were negative. We conclude that though the risk of
      infective endocarditis after upper GI endoscopy is probably very low, the finding
      of a 4% incidence of transient low-level bacteraemia of oropharyngeal origin
      argues for antibiotic prophylaxis for susceptible patients.

PMID- 6822225
TI  - Endotoxaemia following colonoscopy.
AB  - In 100 consecutive patients the occurrence of bacteraemia and endotoxaemia after
      colonoscopy was studied. The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Test was used to detect
      endotoxaemia. No bacteraemia was detected after colonoscopy. Growth of Staph,
      epidermidis was considered as contamination. In 9% of the patients endotoxaemia
      was discovered after colonoscopy. The occurrence of endotoxaemia was found to be
      unrelated to the duration of the procedure, the number of the biopsies taken, or
      the cleansing of the bowel prior to colonoscopy. In patients with liver cirrhosis
      endotoxaemia occurred more often than in patients without liver disease. No
      clinical consequences of endotoxaemia were found in patients who developed
      endotoxaemia after colonoscopy. We conclude that colonoscopy is followed by
      endotoxaemia quite frequently. The clinical implication of these conditions,
      especially in patients with liver cirrhosis merits further consideration.

PMID- 6822226
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign
      oesophageal stricture.
AB  - A case of bacterial endocarditis which proved fatal in a 65-year-old edentulous
      male Caucasian with rheumatic valvular heart disease is reported. This occurred
      following dilatation of a benign oesophageal stricture with a Hurst mercury
      bougie. Transient low grade bacteraemia following upper gastrointestinal
      intubation is well documented but we are not aware of any published reports on
      bacterial endocarditis following this procedure and the possible implications of
      this case are discussed.

PMID- 6822227
TI  - Endoscopic removal of a giant duodenal polyp.
AB  - A 50-year-old female with a giant duodenal polyp is described. An uneventful
      endoscopic removal of the polyp was performed. An aggressive endoscopic approach
      to such tumors seems to be justified regardless of their size.

PMID- 6822228
TI  - Bronchoscopic photography of a bronchial carcinoid tumor associated with
      unilateral hypoperfusion of the lung.
AB  - A patient with a bronchial carcinoid-producing unilateral hypoperfusion of the
      lung is described. Bronchoscopic photographs show the adenoma to assume different
      intrabronchial positions during inspiration and expiration. Although patent
      during inspiration, the lumen was effectively occluded during expiration. The
      adenoma exhibited a ball-valve movement which is speculated to be the initial
      mechanism of hypoperfusion in this setting.

PMID- 6822229
TI  - Gastric polypectomy. Long-term results (survey of 23 centres in Germany).
AB  - In a survey of 23 endoscopy centres in the Federal Republic of Germany 6,182
      cases are reported in which gastric polypectomies were performed. 1,177 patients
      were observed over a period of up to 7 years. Primary benign gastric polyps
      recurred in 6.1% most of them within 1 year after polypectomy, and genuinely
      recurrent polyps usually had a histological pattern identical to that of the
      ectomized polyps. In 32.5% new polyps occurred at different locations in the
      stomach, and most of them exhibited the same histological structure as the
      primary polyp. In 1.7% of primary benign solitary or multiple gastric polyps
      gastric carcinoma must be expected to develop. Follow-up examinations revealed
      only one carcinoma in 68 polyposis patients (= 1.5%), but in these cases,
      consideration must be given to a simultaneous carcinoma, which was observed in
      8.5% at the first examination. In high-risk patients, endoscopic removal of
      protruded-type early gastric cancer and borderline lesion represents very
      satisfactory therapy. The recurrence rate of early gastric cancer was only 13.6%
      and of borderline lesion 9.7%. However, in cases of borderline lesions a cancer
      can be expected to develop in a further 8.6%. The consequences of this study are
      discussed.

PMID- 6822230
TI  - Development of intelligence and neuropsychological impairment scales for the
      Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory.
AB  - The Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) was used to evaluate the
      relative extent of psychosocial problems in 379 adults with epilepsy, having
      differing levels of intelligence and neuropsychological impairment. In general,
      there were more psychosocial problems when abilities were decreased. Two new
      scales for the WPSI were developed, one of which provides an index of
      intelligence and the other an index of neuropsychological impairment. When groups
      of patients are considered, these scales correlate well with the Wechsler Adult
      Intelligence Scale and with the Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy,
      respectively, but less well when there is consideration of individual cases. The
      uses and limitations of the new scales in research and clinical contexts are
      discussed.

PMID- 6822231
TI  - Rotatory seizures associated with frontal lobe malignant neoplasm: a case report.

PMID- 6822232
TI  - A mutant for spontaneous seizures in C57BL/10Bg mice.
AB  - The symptomatology, electroencephalographic and other correlates, development,
      and genetics of a new mutant in mice for spontaneous seizures are described. This
      recessive mutant is designated "spontaneous seizures" and is assigned the gene
      symbol sps. Just at or after puberty, 25% of the sps/sps homozygotes show
      behavioral arrest and spontaneous generalized convulsions. The behavioral arrest
      is associated with 1-2/s high-voltage spikes in the neocortex and the generalized
      convulsions are associated with paroxysmal activity in the neocortex. The effects
      of this mutant are compared with those of others for reflex or spontaneous
      seizures in mice.

PMID- 6822233
TI  - Marfan's syndrome and epilepsy: report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Epilepsy associated with Marfan's syndrome is rare. Although previous
      observations have shown that Marfan's patients with epilepsy had angioid streaks
      in the retina or coloboma of the iris, such ocular manifestations were absent in
      two patients reported here. One patient with mental retardation and lumbosacral
      meningocele had generalized seizure. Another patient with sinus bradyarrhythmia
      and prolapsed mitral valve had partial seizure with secondary generalization.
      This report and review of the literature suggest that epilepsy in Marfan's
      syndrome can be due to primary CNS disorders or secondary to disorders of
      connective tissue.

PMID- 6822235
TI  - A survey of doctors in Sydney, Australia: perspectives and practices regarding
      epilepsy and those affected by it.
AB  - Using random selection to exclude socioeconomic bias, a sample of 50 general
      practitioners (GPs) was interviewed and a piloted questionnaire completed for
      each respondent. The study defined the doctors' experience and knowledge together
      with their management practices and attitudes towards the social issues which
      play such a considerable role in patient care. The findings from this survey were
      compared with current literature and discrepancies defined and discussed with the
      aim of indicating how total patient care could be improved.

PMID- 6822234
TI  - Decreased phenytoin level during antineoplastic therapy: a case report.
AB  - We report a case of interaction between anticonvulsant and antineoplastic drugs
      in one male patient with seizures from brain tumour. The patient was treated with
      phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and an antineoplastic protocol based on a
      combination regimen with carmustine (BCNU), vinblastin (VLB), methotrexate (MTX),
      and radiotherapy. Plasma concentrations of PHT fell from 9.4 to 5.6 micrograms/ml
      24 h after VLB administration, and remained low for at least 10 days. During this
      period, partial seizures occurred. Plasma concentrations of PB were unchanged
      during the period of observation. It is suggested that impaired absorption of
      PHT, caused by VLB or MTX or both, is responsible for this interaction.

PMID- 6822236
TI  - Blunt renal trauma. Analysis of 417 patients.
AB  - Case records of 417 patients, from a well-defined area, who were hospitalized
      because of blunt renal trauma during the period 1950-1979 were analyzed. The
      incidence increased during the final decade, corresponding to a rising incidence
      of motor traffic accidents and sports injuries. Young patients, between 10 and 29
      years of age, were responsible for the increase and half of all patients were in
      this age group. Associated injuries were frequent. Emergency urography was rare
      during the earlier part of the investigation period, but the frequency increased
      strongly thereafter. Treatment was mainly conservative (nonoperative) except in
      patients with major renal injuries. Nephrectomy was performed in 22 patients.
      Reconstructive surgery was performed especially in patients with intermediate
      renal injuries during the final decade. The total mortality was 6.5%. Only 7
      patients (1.7%) died from the renal injury. A dramatic reduction in the
      hospitalization time was noted.

PMID- 6822237
TI  - Lymph node dissection in radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: is it
      necessary?
AB  - Lymph node dissection is an essential step in radical nephrectomy for renal cell
      carcinoma, but lymph node metastases are present in no more than 15% of category
      M0 renal cell cancers and the cure rate of patients with lymph node involvement
      is usually poor. Therefore it can be assumed that less than 5% of patients
      benefit from lymphadenectomy. Lymph node dissection of limited extent is useful
      in enabling easier control of the great vessels, and radical dissection may be
      confined to patients of high T categories in whom the chance for nodal
      involvement is higher.

PMID- 6822238
TI  - Renal adenoma.

PMID- 6822240
TI  - Bone mineral content in idiopathic renal stone disease and in primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured with the Norland Cameron apparatus in 120
      renal stone formers (RSF) with idiopathic stone disease and in 41 patients with
      primary hyperparathyroidism. RSF were classified, according to an oral calcium
      load test, into three groups: no hypercalciuria (HC; 41 cases); absorptive HC (53
      cases), and resorptive or renal HC (25 cases). BMC values in RSF as a group were
      significantly lower than normal (p less than 0.001, Mann-Whitney test) though
      higher than in hyperparathyroid patients. There was a trend for BMC to decrease
      from male RSF without HC to patients with renal or resorptive HC. No statistical
      difference was found between the groups, however, BMC values in absorptive HC
      were different from normal (p less than 0.001). Why patients with HC are
      demineralized is unclear since no correlation was found between BMC and basal
      values of serum phosphate, TRP, calculated TmP/GFR, urinary calcium or
      hydroxyproline. Nevertheless our results indicate that urolithiasis, and possibly
      its treatment, is not a benign condition for the skeleton.

PMID- 6822239
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clinical
      implications.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis of resected bladder tumors was performed in 30 patients.
      None of these patients had previous irradiation or chemotherapy. Direct
      chromosome preparations were made. Of the 30 preparations, 20 had chromosome
      abnormalities. We have observed a good correlation between the chromosome
      abnormalities and the stage/grade of the tumors. Patients were followed from 3 to
      23 months. During this period, 61% of the patients with noninvasive or submucosal
      invasive bladder tumors and chromosome abnormalities have had recurrences. The
      existence of a good correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and the
      capacity of the neoplasm to recur was confirmed.

PMID- 6822242
TI  - The role of a flutter valve in a continent ileostomy. An experimental study in
      dogs.

PMID- 6822241
TI  - Urine composition following jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - The urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, citrate, magnesium, urate and
      creatinine and the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth were determined
      in 30 patients operated with three different types of jejunoileal bypass. In
      addition the ion-activity products of calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate
      saturation were calculated. 15 of the patients had formed urolithiasis
      postoperatively. The patients were investigated on an out-patient basis with
      their ordinary diet. All patients had hyperoxaluria. The oxalate excretion did
      not seem to decrease with time after operation. The patients operated with a
      biliointestinal shunt had a significantly higher excretion of oxalate than those
      with the other two types of operation, indicating that variations in the anatomy
      of the small intestine after jejunoileal bypass might result in different
      absorption of oxalate or oxalate precursors. Urinary oxalate, calcium oxalate
      saturation and ion-activity products were higher whereas the excretion of
      calcium, magnesium and citrate was lower in patients than in controls. The urine
      volumes, excretion of creatinine and urate and inhibition of calcium oxalate
      crystal growth were equal in patients and controls. Analogous urine composition
      was found in patients both with and without urolithiasis with the exception of a
      higher magnesium excretion observed in stone formers.

PMID- 6822244
TI  - Epithelioid sarcoma of penis.

PMID- 6822245
TI  - Metastatic tumor of the epididymis and spermatic cord.
AB  - We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the tail of the pancreas which was
      manifested by metastases to the spermatic cord and epididymis. 8.1% of the
      malignant tumors of the spermatic cord and/or epididymis are metastatic. After
      reviewing the literature on this subject, we found that the most frequent primary
      tumors metastatic to the spermatic cord and epididymis are carcinomas from the
      stomach (42.8%) and the prostate (28.5%). 23.8% of these metastases are
      subclinical and when discovered the wrong diagnosis is always made concerning the
      origin of the primary tumor. Only uncommonly (9.5%) are they the first sign of an
      occult neoplasm. In 47.6% of the cases, the metastases and the primary tumor are
      found simultaneously. The average survival, subsequent to the diagnosis of the
      metastasis, is 9.1 months.

PMID- 6822243
TI  - Salvage of an obstructed single kidney by combined percutaneous nephrostomy,
      percutaneous stone extraction and alkalinisation.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman with a single kidney and renal calculi was admitted as an
      emergency with sepsis and anuria. Renal drainage was established by percutaneous
      nephrostomy (PTN) as an emergency procedure. A nephrostogram showed multiple
      lucent stones and a single opaque calculus in the renal pelvis. The definitive
      treatment of the mixed calculi was carried out through the PTN. The lucent stones
      were dissolved by alkaline irrigation and the opaque stone removed by a biliary
      basket via the dilated tract. The safety and simplicity of PTN as an emergency
      procedure and its use for definitive treatment with the avoidance of surgery are
      stressed.

PMID- 6822246
TI  - Nephrogenic adenoma of the ureter.

PMID- 6822247
TI  - Retention of sarcoplasmic calcium inhibits development of the phencyclidine
      restraint experimental myopathy.
AB  - The myopathy induced in the rat by the central nervous system stimulant,
      phencyclidine (PCP), and restraint is characterized by extensive myofibrillar
      sarcomere disruption in hind limb muscles and massive increases in plasma
      creatine kinase (CPK) activity. The effects of dantrolene sodium on this myopathy
      were studied to determine if modulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum could alter the development of the myopathy. Dantrolene prevented both
      the sarcomere disruption and the increase in plasma CPK activity produced in the
      PCP-restraint model. The inhibitory effect was not due to a decrease in the
      locomotor activity produced by PCP. The findings are consistent with a role for
      excess sarcoplasmic calcium, originating from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in the
      development of this myopathy.

PMID- 6822248
TI  - Myosin light and heavy chains in muscle regenerating in absence of the nerve:
      transient appearance of the embryonic light chain.
AB  - We examined myosin of fast and slow skeletal rat muscles regenerating after
      ischemia and bupivacaine injection in denervated limbs. Four days after injury
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of the embryonic light
      chain in the myosin isolated from the portion of muscle showing a homogeneous
      population of new small fibers by histological examination. Two weeks after
      injury this subunit was absent, whereas the two light chains, LC1F and LC2F,
      became prominent. One month after injury the still denervated soleus muscle
      maintained this light chain pattern. Gel electrophoresis in native condition of
      the myosin and peptide mapping of electrophoretically purified heavy chains
      confirmed that the muscle regenerating in absence of the nerve accumulated a
      myosin that had the general features of a fast, not slow, myosin but contained
      definite differences from the former.

PMID- 6822249
TI  - Effects of carbamazepine, clonazepam, and phenytoin on seizure threshold in
      amygdala and cortex.
AB  - This experiment was designed to determine whether or not the stronger effect of
      anticonvulsants on cortex than on amygdala focal seizures was due to a greater
      elevation of cortex seizure threshold. The effects of several doses of
      carbamazepine, clonazepam, and phenytoin were examined on the threshold for
      electrically induced afterdischarge in amygdala and cortex in 71 rats. All three
      drugs were found to be effective in increasing the seizure threshold with greater
      effects being produced in the cortex than in the amygdala. Carbamazepine produced
      the largest threshold increase in both foci, and clonazepam produced the weakest
      effects. These data are comparable to previous data on drug action against focal
      or partial seizures, and suggest that anticonvulsants may control partial attacks
      through their action on the local seizure threshold. This theory of
      anticonvulsant drug action adds to the common belief that carbamazepine and
      phenytoin act primarily by blocking seizure spread.

PMID- 6822250
TI  - Auditory neuronal sizes after a unilateral conductive hearing loss.
AB  - The left external auditory meatus was removed in 4-day-old CBA/J mice; after
      killing at 45 days, serial sections of the cochleae and brain stem were prepared.
      From these, the cross-sectional areas of spiral ganglion neurons and of 14
      auditory brain stem neuronal types were measured, using a total of 210 neurons of
      each of the 15 types from both the right and left sides. Nine neuronal types were
      significantly smaller (P less than 0.01) on the left side: spiral ganglion
      neurons; globular, small spherical, large spherical, octopus, multipolar, and
      granule cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus; Purkinje-like cells of the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus; and spindle cells of the lateral superior olivary nucleus. Two
      neuronal types were significantly smaller (P less than 0.01) on the right:
      principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (superior olivary
      complex), and spindle-shape principal neurons of the central nucleus of the
      inferior colliculus. The left ventral cochlear nucleus had significantly smaller
      volume (P less than 0.01) than the right but right and left dorsal cochlear
      nuclear volumes did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). Right and
      left sides were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) for the
      following neuronal types: fusiform cells and coarse- and fine-Nissl deep cells of
      the dorsal cochlear nucleus, and rostral bipolar cells of the medial superior
      olivary nucleus. Neurons affected by unilateral conductive loss were not
      significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from the same cells in mice with
      bilateral conductive losses; neurons not affected by unilateral conductive loss
      were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from the same cells in
      normal mice.

PMID- 6822251
TI  - Propagation of focal cortical epileptiform discharge to the entopeduncular
      nucleus: effect of caudate lesions.
AB  - Single-unit recordings were made in the entopeduncular nucleus of cats which had
      previously undergone ipsilateral caudate lesions. During penicillin-induced
      epileptiform discharge from the pericruciate cortex, the percentage of responsive
      entopeduncular neurons in animals with a lesion was less than 20%. In a previous
      study in intact cats and in control experiments in the present study the
      percentage of responsive entopeduncular cells was more than 75%. These results
      indicate that propagation of epileptic discharge through the basal ganglia
      depends on intact pathways from the cortex to the caudate and from the caudate to
      the entopeduncular nucleus.

PMID- 6822252
TI  - Effects of intraventricular curarimimetics on hippocampal electrical activity.
AB  - The effects on the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) of intraventricular
      injections of the nicotinic ligand alpha-Naja naja toxin, and of d-tubocurarine,
      were studied in rats immobilized with gallamine or anesthetized with urethane.
      The EEG recordings were taped and processed off-line to calculate power spectra,
      autocorrelation functions, and averages. In addition, the times at which spike
      and-wave complexes appeared were identified and autocorrelation histograms and
      cross correlations (with the EEG) were made. Naja toxin and d-tubocurarine
      provoked a 3.5- to 5-Hz theta rhythm in both hippocampi. Higher doses elicited
      rhythmic epileptic spike and wave complexes which appeared at a preferred phase
      of theta rhythm. Atropine and medial septal lesions blocked the rhythm and
      disrupted the rhythmicity of epileptiform activity. We conclude that different
      neural subsystems sustain the theta rhythm and epileptiform spikes, and discuss
      the possible mechanisms involved.

PMID- 6822253
TI  - Effects of sciatic nerve crush on the L7 spinal roots and dorsal root ganglia in
      kittens.
AB  - The number and size distribution of axons and neurons were examined in the L7
      spinal roots and ganglia of kittens 14 to 220 days after early postnatal sciatic
      nerve crush. The results show that motoraxons in the ventral root as well as
      axons and perikarya of sensory neurons in the dorsal root remained growth
      retarded throughout the examined period. This was most evident in the dorsal
      root. Both ventral and dorsal roots showed some loss of myelinated axons, but
      this was only half that previously observed after sciatic nerve resection.
      Whereas in the dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglia the loss seemed to be
      nonselective with respect to size, axons in the gamma range were primarily
      affected in the ventral roots. In the dorsal roots the proportion of unmyelinated
      axons was comparable with controls but in the ventral roots it was somewhat
      elevated. In most cases the loss of dorsal root ganglion neurons was relatively
      greater than the decrease of dorsal root axons.

PMID- 6822254
TI  - Blood-spinal cord barrier response to transection.
AB  - The integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSB) distal to a surgical
      transection was evaluated at the light and electron microscopic levels, using the
      tracers Evans blue albumin (EBA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At the light
      microscopic level, the orange fluorescence of the EBA was detected as far as 0.45
      mm distal to the transection. The tracer was not only diffusely distributed in
      the neuropil but also was apparently taken up by ventral horn neurons and glial
      cells. A feathery halo of EBA extending beyond their walls indicated that there
      had occurred some leakage of EBA from intrinsic vessels into the surrounding cord
      tissue. The microvasculature was evaluated at the ultrastructural level for
      evidence of changes in permeability to HRP. Pinocytosis and vesicular transport
      of the protein were apparent in some endothelial cells. In addition, there was
      limited evidence for leakage across tight junctions. After 1 day the barrier
      selectivity appeared to be restored and vesicular transport of HRP was not found.
      Endothelial pinocytosis, however, appeared enhanced for as long as 7 days
      following injury.

PMID- 6822255
TI  - Morphometric analysis of effects of spinal cord transection.
AB  - After spinal cord transection in the rat, endothelial reactivity to horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) was quantified at the ultrastructural level. The ratio of the
      area of labeled endothelial vesicles to area of endothelium (pinocytotic index)
      was established using morphometric techniques. From 3 h through 7 days the
      pinocytotic index was significantly elevated as far as 10 mm distal to the
      transection site. Correlating these findings with a previously established blood
      vessel classification model, the tracer uptake was identified as both a
      pinocytotic and vesicular transport mechanism. The latter was associated with an
      acute response lasting as long as 1 day after transection. Thereafter, the
      barrier appeared to reestablish its selectivity and only pinocytotic uptake of
      HRP was apparent.

PMID- 6822256
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of long-lasting cerebellar degeneration after early
      exposure to phenobarbital in mice.
AB  - Previous studies in this laboratory demonstrated a 20 to 30% reduction in
      cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells after exposure to phenobarbital (PhB) early
      in life. Therefore, neurons in the cerebellar cortex were examined for signs of
      cytologic degeneration using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after
      exposure to PhB pre- and postnatally. Pregnant mice were given the acid form of
      PhB in their milled food (3 g/kg, gestation days 9 to 18) and water, ad libitum.
      Neonates were injected s.c. with an aqueous solution of sodium PhB (50 mg/kg body
      weight), days 2 to 21 after delivery. Controls were fed regular food or injected
      with the vehicle. The offspring were anesthetized on day 14 or 50 by an acute
      overdose of PhB and immediately perfused with a formaldehyde-paraformaldehyde or
      glutaraldehyde solution. The pyramis vermis of the cerebellar cortex was excised
      and processed routinely for TEM. The three layers of the cortex were examined. A
      short-term effect (at day 14) was found. More significantly, the treatment
      appeared to establish or trigger a degenerative process, the results of which
      were still apparent at day 50, more than 30 days after the termination of PhB
      treatment. Using double-blind evaluation for the presence and frequency of
      abnormalities, the cerebellar neurons of treated animals had 155 to 300% more
      abnormalities compared with control animals. Abnormalities included (i)
      Mitochondrial degeneration, ranging from swelling, collapse of cristae,
      vacuolization, to total granularization; (ii) lamellar bodies distributed
      throughout the cytoplasm and in cell processes; and (iii) myelin sheath
      degeneration, including periodic swelling and collapse, twisting of the coat, and
      scattered, unevenly stained areas. Damage was usually focal. Affected cells were
      found adjacent to normal cells in all areas of the cortex. PhB may cause the
      neural damage through a possible hormonal role.

PMID- 6822257
TI  - Abnormalities in cortical and subcortical morphology after neonatal neocortical
      lesions in rats.
AB  - The brain weight, cortical thickness, cross-sectional areas of subcortical
      structures, and various retrograde changes were compared in rats with neonatal or
      adult ablation of all or part of the neocortex. Neonatal lesions produced a
      widespread reduction in brain size accompanied by a variety of major structural
      changes including modification of the thickness of the residual cortex, necrosis
      and calcification of subcortical structures, and gross distortion of the
      structure of the hippocampus. The modification of the cortical thickness, but not
      the other changes, depended on the site and extent of cortical removal: neonatal
      frontal cortex ablation reduced the thickness of the remaining neocortex,
      neonatal posterior cortex ablation had no significant effect upon the thickness
      of the remaining neocortex, and neonatal hemidecortication increased the
      thickness of the remaining neocortex.

PMID- 6822258
TI  - Autologous peripheral nerve grafting into murine brain as a model for studies of
      regeneration in the central nervous system.
AB  - Autologous sciatic nerve was grafted into rat brain by (i) passing an 8-mm
      segment of nerve tied to a straight surgical needle through two craniotomy holes
      ("through-and-through" model); (ii) inserting a small tube of polyethylene
      containing the 8-mm nerve piece ("nerve-within-tube" model). Longitudinally
      oriented neurofilament-positive fibers were consistently observed within the
      graft. Compared with the through-and-through model, axonal sprouting in the nerve
      within-tube model followed a slow-motion pattern so that a growing front of
      regenerating axons could be easily identified and more easily related to the
      cellular events occurring in Wallerian degeneration. In the through-and-through
      model, regenerated axons at the brain-nerve interface followed a disorganized,
      tortuous course so that direct continuity between brain and graft was difficult
      to demonstrate. The reverse was true in the nerve-within-tube model, i.e., axons
      penetrated directly into the graft. The difference in orientation of axonal
      growth at the brain-graft interface appeared to be related to the glial reaction.
      In the through-and-through model, reactive astrocytes formed a mesh of randomly
      oriented fibers in the damaged brain tissue facing the graft (anisomorphic
      gliosis). Conversely, longitudinally oriented fibers extended directly from the
      brain to the graft in the nerve-within-tube model, where brain damage was
      substantially reduced (isomorphic gliosis). A different type of glial fibrillary
      acidic (GFA) protein-positive fibrous structures was identified in the graft.
      Compared with reactive astrocytes, these structures were more elongated, more
      uniform in diameter, and less brightly immunofluorescent. Moreover, they were
      present throughout the graft, whereas astrocytes were confined to the distal end
      of the transplant, i.e., the part of nerve close to the brain-graft interface.
      Based on previous reports in the literature we interpret these GFA protein
      positive structures as reacting Schwann cells.

PMID- 6822259
TI  - Microtubules in short and in long axons of the same caliber: implications for the
      maintenance of the neuron.
AB  - Microtubules are the morphological manifestation of a defined protein, tubulin,
      and they sustain axonal transport. Phrenic fibers are seven times longer than
      abducent fibers; however, in 5-micrometers axons of either nerve the density of
      the microtubules is the same (approximately 21 microtubules/micrometers2). In
      addition, no difference was found in microtubule density between the cervical and
      juxtadiaphragmatic levels of the phrenic axons. These findings are contrasted
      with predictions based on the perikaryal theory of the origin of axoplasm.

PMID- 6822260
TI  - Potentiation of hyperthermia-induced convulsions in the developing rat by
      previous treatment with pentylenetetrazol.
AB  - Infant rats were subjected to pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions on alternate
      days from 5 to 13 days of age. At 17 days of age, their susceptibility to the
      convulsant effects of hyperthermia was examined. It was found that previous
      pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions caused a significant facilitation in the
      development of hyperthermia-induced convulsions. The development of hyperthermia
      induced convulsions was also facilitated in rat pups of a similar age after acute
      pretreatment with a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol. The results of this
      study indicate that cross sensitization between convulsant agents is possible in
      the developing rat. In addition, although the nervous system of the immature rat
      is not fully developed, the central substrates of this process evince adultlike
      characteristics.

PMID- 6822261
TI  - Processing capability of the primary visual cortex and possible physiologic basis
      for an apparent motion illusion.
AB  - The primary visual cortex is known to process stimuli in a given part of the
      visual field such that divisions of the cortical column into orientation and
      ocular dominance minicolumns are present. Applying a model incorporating both the
      Hebb learning hypothesis and a Mountcastle-like organizational structure to the
      visual cortex, we predicted that the processing capabilities of the column
      involve dynamic interactions among minicolumns and are much greater than
      presently documented. In particular, processing of rotational stimuli in area 17
      was suggested by the model. Motivated by this, a psychophysics experiment was
      conducted that demonstrated a spatial-temporal filling-in process in apparent
      motion. We have now presented this "human illusion" to cats and recorded from
      units in area 17 with results which clearly demonstrate striking phenomena not
      simply understood. The purpose of this note is to present our experimental
      paradigm with the preliminary results.

PMID- 6822262
TI  - Relationship between focal penicillin spikes and cortical spindles in the cerveau
      isole cat.
AB  - Using the unanesthetized, cerveau isole preparation in the cat, the association
      between artificially induced penicillin (PCN) spikes and spontaneously occurring
      electrocorticographic (ECoG) spindles was investigated. Spikes were elicited by
      surface application of small pledgets of PCN. After the application of PCN, there
      was a decrease in spindle amplitude but no change in frequency, duration, or
      spindle wave frequency in the area of the focus. Examination of the times of
      occurrence of the spikes and spindles disclosed that in the majority of cases,
      within a few minutes of the initiation of the foci, there was very high
      simultaneity, usually 100% between the occurrences of these two events.
      Examination of the times of occurrence of the spikes within the ECoG spindles
      failed to disclose any compelling evidence which would favor either the
      hypothesis that spikes "trigger" spindles or the hypothesis that spindles
      predispose to focal spikes. Thus, whether spikes trigger spindles, or spikes
      simply occur in a nonspecific manner during the occurrence of the spindle, or
      whether it is a combination of both these explanations, must remain an open
      question on the basis of the data available.

PMID- 6822264
TI  - Diffusion characteristics of beta-aminopropionitrile in peripheral nerve.
AB  - beta-Aminopropionitrile (beta-APN), a lathyrogen, alters the physical
      characteristics of fibrous scar tissue and as such may have potential clinical
      use in treatment of injured spinal cord and peripheral nerve by reducing the
      physical barrier to axon regeneration. For beta-APN to exert its lathyrogenic
      effect, it must permeate the injury site and gain access to the developing
      collagenous scar. To investigate the diffusion characteristics, beta-[14C]APN
      solution was applied as an immersion bath to rat sciatic nerve using both in vivo
      and in vitro preparations for intervals of 15 to 90 min. The four experimental
      groups studied were (a) intact nerve, (b) hemisected nerve, (c) nerve with
      epineurium removed, and (d) nerve with both epineurium and perineurium removed.
      The isotope labeling index determined by autoradiography and scintillation
      counting indicated the perineurium as the primary barrier to significant
      diffusion of beta-APN in normal nerve. When perineurium was incised or removed,
      beta-APN entered the endoneurial matrix. beta-APN concentration in the epineurium
      and perineurium increased with increasing bathing time in vitro; but it decreased
      markedly after 15 min of in vivo bathing. These findings indicate that topical
      application of beta-APN to injured peripheral nerve would be a successful method
      of exposing fibrogenic intraneural tissue to the inhibitory effect on lysyl
      oxidase enzymes. Continuous application, however, will be necessary because of
      the rapid beta-APN removal documented in the vivo preparation.

PMID- 6822263
TI  - Location of cell somata and the peripheral course of axons of the geniohyoid and
      thyrohyoid motoneurons: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat.
AB  - The location of cell somata of the motoneurons supplying the rat geniohyoid and
      thyrohyoid muscles and the peripheral course of their axons were studied by
      intramuscular injection of horseradish peroxidase in combination with severing
      the innervating nerves of these muscles. Labeled geniohyoid motoneurons were
      found ipsilaterally in the ventrolateral subnucleus of the hypoglossal nucleus,
      which separates at midlevel of this nucleus from the main hypoglossal nucleus
      lying near the central canal and finally projects to the dorsomedial part of the
      ventral horn in the transition level of the brain/spinal cord. Geniohyoid
      motoneuron axons mostly pass through the hypoglossal nerve, whereas axons of the
      motoneurons in the transition level, though much fewer in number, pass through
      the first cervical nerve. Labeled thyrohyoid motoneurons were found ipsilaterally
      to form a cell column that extends from the caudal end of the main hypoglossal
      nucleus in the transition level of the brain/spinal cord to the dorsomedial part
      of the ventral horn in the caudal first cervical segment. All their axons passed
      through the first cervical nerve, and thus, the rostral portion of the thyrohyoid
      motoneuron column, which appears to be part of the hypoglossal nucleus, is not
      included in this nucleus but constitutes the supraspinal nucleus, which connects
      the hypoglossal nucleus to the ventral horn motoneuron group. The mean cell body
      sizes of the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid motoneurons were 28.7 +/- 4.4 and 29.3 +/-
      4.6 micrometers, respectively, and their cell body size distributions were
      unimodal.

PMID- 6822265
TI  - The multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in "motor end-plate disease"
      in the mouse (medJ and med allelic forms): sensitivity of the 10 S form to
      partial or total loss of muscle activity.
AB  - Motor end-plate disease in the mouse is a mutation, lethal at the time of
      weaning. Two alleles exist, med and medJ, with medJ/medJ surviving slightly
      longer. The multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase show an abnormal
      developmental pattern during the course of the disease. A decrease in the 10 S
      AChE proportion to total AChE activity is the major change in gastrocnemius
      muscle. Similar AChE changes occur after total short-term denervation, tenotomy,
      and in other genetic diseases. Thus it appears that AChE is modified in med/med
      muscle as the result of a partial or total loss of muscle activity.

PMID- 6822266
TI  - Functional relationship between somatosensory cortex and specialized afferent
      pathways in the monkey.
AB  - Previous work showed that the primate dorsal funiculus (DF) was necessary for
      tactile discrimination which entailed movement. The extra-DF spinal afferent
      fibers, by contrast, were sufficient for discrimination of tactile stimuli which
      did not require movement. This study investigated the association between various
      cortical regions and the specialized tactile roles of the separate afferent
      systems. Monkeys learned two sets of tasks, one of which was dependent on DF
      integrity, and the other was capable of mediation by the extra-DF pathways. The
      cortical distribution and processing of DF and extra-DF information has been
      defined here by whether or not these tasks were affected by lesions in the
      respective regions. Lesions in area 3b led to impairment of both tasks, but more
      severe and longer-lasting impairment of the DF tests. Lesions in areas 1, 5, or 7
      were without effect on either type of function. Ablation of the forelimb region
      in area 2 selectively damaged only the DF discriminations. These results, in
      combination with the results of others which are considered here, suggest that
      (i) both the DF and the extra-DF tactile information converge into area 3b; (ii)
      the extra-DF information is then projected diffusely to widespread regions of the
      cortex which enables it to survive limited parietal ablations; and (iii) the DF
      information is transmitted compactly to a focal region in area 2.

PMID- 6822267
TI  - Neuronal response of the hippocampal formation to injury: blood flow, glucose
      metabolism, and protein synthesis.
AB  - The reaction of the hippocampal formation to entorhinal lesions was studied from
      the viewpoints of cerebral blood flow ([123I]isopropyl-iodoamphetamine[IMP])
      glucose utilization ([14C]2-deoxyglucose), and protein synthesis ([14C]leucine),
      using single- and double-label autoradiography. Our study showed (i) decreased
      glucose utilization in the inner part, and increased glucose utilization in the
      outer part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, starting 3 days after the
      lesion; (ii) increased uptake of [123I]IMP around the lesion from 1 to 3 days
      postlesion; and (iii) starting 3 days after the lesion, marked decrease in
      [14C]leucine incorporation into proteins and cell loss in the dorsal CA1 and
      dorsal subiculum in about one-half of the rats. These changes were present only
      in animals with lesions which invaded the ventral hippocampal formation in which
      axons of CA1 cells travel. By contrast, transsection of the 3rd and 4th cranial
      nerves resulted, 3 to 9 days after injury, in a striking increase in protein
      synthesis in the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei. These results raise the
      possibility that in some neurons the failure of central regeneration may result
      from the cell's inability to increase its rate of protein synthesis in response
      to axonal injury.

PMID- 6822268
TI  - Increased lipid content in the rat axotomized superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - Transection of postganglionic nerves of the rat superior cervical ganglion
      results in significant increases in the concentration of lipid as well as the
      total content of lipid in the ganglion. The purpose of this work was to
      characterize the effect of axotomy on the major classes of lipid in the ganglion
      and to examine possible relationships among increases in lipid content and
      changes in steady-state concentrations of metabolites utilized in lipid
      biosynthesis. Major classes of lipids in axotomized and contralateral intact
      ganglia were compared using the Folch extraction and partitioning scheme.
      Analyses of lipids were carried out 7 days after axotomy because total lipid
      content was increased maximally at that time. The increase in lipid content in
      axotomized ganglia was related primarily to an increase in phospholipids. Amounts
      of gangliosides, cerebrosides, cholesterol, and proteolipid protein did not
      change significantly after axotomy. The elevation of phospholipid content was
      accompanied by increases in steady-state concentrations of alpha-glycerophosphate
      and decreases in Coenzyme A in the ganglion; however, concentrations of acetyl
      CoA and long-chain acyl CoA compounds did not change significantly in axotomized
      ganglia. Increases in alpha-glycerophosphate do not appear to arise from enhanced
      utilization of glucose because alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was
      decreased in axotomized ganglia and the incorporation of [U-14C] glucose into
      lipids in explants of the axotomized ganglia in vitro was not elevated. In
      contrast, incorporation of [U-14C] glycerol into lipids of explants from
      axotomized ganglia was increased in vitro. The results suggest that utilization
      of extracellular glycerol for phospholipid biosynthesis may be enhanced in the
      rat's axotomized superior cervical ganglion.

PMID- 6822269
TI  - Differences in the responses of raphe nuclei to repetitive somatosensory
      stimulation.
AB  - The responses of single units in raphe (R.) nuclei dorsalis, magnus, pallidus,
      and obscurus to repetitive stimulation of peripheral nerves were studied in the
      chloralose-anesthetized cat. Low-intensity electrical stimuli (1.5T) which
      activated the large-diameter fibers were applied to the common peroneal and
      lateral gastrocnemius nerves at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 Hz. Responses evoked at each
      frequently were compared with the control response evoked at 0.1 Hz. All units
      isolated demonstrated response decrements during periods of stimulation greater
      than or equal to 0.5 Hz. The long-term effects of repetitive stimulation,
      however, varied among the four nuclei. After 150 stimulus presentations at 0.5,
      1, or 2 Hz, sensory responsiveness decreased in R. dorsalis but was enhanced in
      caudal R. obscurus units. Changes in the responsiveness of the other two nuclei
      were not significantly different from control. Responses to twin pulses indicated
      that R. neurons are not well suited to relay rapid, repetitive stimuli. The
      functional significance of these observations has implications for the role of
      the raphe in habituation and in the modulation of sensory traffic to higher
      centers. Raphe responses are also contrasted to the known responses of reticular
      formation neurons to repetitive stimulation.

PMID- 6822270
TI  - Changes in extracellular potassium and calcium concentration and neural activity
      during prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex at defined
      charge densities.
AB  - In cats anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, ion-selecting
      microelectrodes were used to monitor changes in the concentration of potassium
      [K+]0 and calcium [Ca2+]0 in the extracellular compartment of the cerebral cortex
      during as long as 4 h of continuous stimulation of the cortical surface. At
      stimulus charge densities shown to induce only minimal localized histologic
      changes [20 microC/cm2 . ph at 50 pulses per second (pps)], [K+]0 at a depth of
      about 750 micrometers underwent only a transient increase at the beginning of
      stimulation, followed by a rapid return to the prestimulus concentration. [Ca2+]0
      was unaffected. At a higher charge density (100 microC/cm2 . ph at 20 pps) there
      was a rapid transient increase in [K+]0, followed by a more gradual return to a
      plateau about 1 mM above the prestimulus value. [Ca+]0 usually underwent an
      initial increase followed by a slow decrease to a plateau value above 0.5 mM. At
      a charge density of 100 microC/cm2 . ph and 50 pps (shown in histological studies
      to induce significant neural damage), [Ca2+]0 slowly decreased to near or below
      0.5 mM in the middle layers of the cortex. After 30 to 40 min of stimulation,
      [K+]0 underwent episodic fluctuations about a plateau value 0.5 to 1 mM above the
      prestimulus concentration. Simultaneous recordings of the compound action
      potential in the ipsilateral pyramidal tract indicated that these fluctuations
      were due to local changes in the excitability of intracortical circuitry
      conditioned by the intense stimulation. The results have implications for the
      possible interrelation of the changes in extracellular ionic concentrations and
      the early stages of stimulation-induced neural damage.

PMID- 6822271
TI  - Morphologic changes after prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat's cortex at
      defined charge densities.
AB  - Experiments were conducted correlating neuronal activity, changes in ionic
      concentrations in the cerebral extracellular compartment, and neural damage
      during 4-h continuous electrical stimulations of the cat's sensorimotor cortex.
      Here we describe histological evaluations with the light and electron microscope
      of cortical tissue subjected to charge-balanced, biphasic, constant-current
      pulses delivered through subdurally implanted electrodes. Three combinations of
      charge density and pulse repetition rate were used. The results indicated a
      positive correlation of neural damage with both charge density and total charge.
      With electrical stimulation of low charge density [20 microC/cm2 . ph, 50 pulses
      per second (pps)] a transient increase in [K+]0 was observed with no
      histologically demonstrable neural damage. The most intense electrical
      stimulation studied (100 microC/cm2 . ph, 50 pps) resulted in a tonic increase
      and episodic fluctuations of [K+]0 and a marked decrease in [Ca2+]0 accompanied
      by moderate neural damage in the form of shrunken neurons, widespread
      extracellular edema, and swollen axons and dendrites.

PMID- 6822272
TI  - Impaired radial maze performance in rats with electrolytic median raphe lesions.
AB  - Rats with electrolytic lesions of the median raphe nucleus were found to display
      a profound impairment in both the acquisition and retention of an eight-arm
      radial maze task. In contrast to neurologically intact animals, subjects with
      damage to the median raphe showed strong response patterning. When this
      patterning was disrupted by means of confinement, subjects with lesions responded
      at chance levels. As these results were similar to those which have been reported
      to follow hippocampal damage, this report provided further behavioral support for
      the concept of a functional relation between forebrain limbic structures and the
      midbrain tegmentum.

PMID- 6822274
TI  - Reexamination of functional subdivisions of the rodent prefrontal cortex.
AB  - Selective patterns of behavioral deficits were observed on tests of spatial or
      olfactory learning after different cortical lesions in rats. The results clearly
      distinguished functional subdivisions of the rodent prefrontal cortex: Rats with
      lesions of the prefrontal cortex that primarily involve the dorsal bank of the
      rhinal sulcus were impaired selectively and exhibited increased perseveration of
      responses in a go, no-go odor discrimination task. In contrast, rats with lesions
      of the region of prefrontal cortex situated along the medial cortical wall were
      impaired selectively and exhibited increased perseveration of responses in a
      spatial delayed alteration task. These behavioral deficits were similar in
      magnitude and quality to those found in monkeys after discrete ablations of
      frontal lobe regions that are argued to be homologous prefrontal subdivisions.

PMID- 6822275
TI  - Regeneration of rat hippocampal fimbria fibers after fimbria transection and
      peripheral nerve or fetal hippocampal implantation.
AB  - After a unilateral hippocampal fornix-fimbria transection in adult rats, either
      autologous peripheral nerve or fetal hippocampus was implanted into the
      transection site. After 2 to 4 weeks, 2 to 3 months, and 6 to 8 months fimbria
      fiber regeneration was analyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and
      retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase after injection into the
      denervated host hippocampus. Prominent innervation of both types of implant by
      central AChE-staining axons occurred by 2 to 3 weeks postimplantation and was
      sustained to at least 8 months. Reinnervation of the adjacent host hippocampal
      terminal zone was also apparent, but was sparse compared with innervation of
      implants.

PMID- 6822273
TI  - Blood-brain barrier changes with kainic acid-induced limbic seizures.
AB  - Rats were treated with kainic acid (KA) i.v. to produce increasingly severe
      limbic seizures that were monitored with a behavioral rating scale. At various
      times after the induction of seizures, the animals; blood-brain barriers (B-BB)
      were studied with alpha-[14C]aminoisobutyric acid ([14C]AIBA) autoradiography.
      Using optical density ratios, a coefficient was devised to assess the functional
      integrity of the B-BB in discrete anatomic regions and to quantitatively compare
      these measurements among different groups of experimental animals. In animals
      that exhibited only mild seizures, the B-BB was not different from controls.
      Animals with severe limbic seizures, however, showed alterations. For as long as
      2 h after delivery of KA, the B-BB appeared normal; from 2 to 24 h, the
      permeability to [14C]AIBA was markedly increased throughout the brain, especially
      in limbic regions; from 24 h to 7 days the B-BB returned to normal except for a
      small residual change in limbic structures. These findings were confirmed with
      Evans blue dye studies of the B-BB. A correlation between focal accentuation of B
      BB alterations and neuropathologic changes was found. These experiments indicted
      that recurrent limbic seizures may lead to a breakdown in the B-BB independent of
      systemic metabolic derangements. Marked focal metabolic and electrical changes,
      however, occurred in several limbic structures several hours before the blood
      brain barrier was altered.

PMID- 6822276
TI  - Central projection of nuchal group I muscle afferent fibers of the cat.
AB  - To investigate the central projection of nuchal group I afferent fibers of nerves
      which supply the complexus (COM), biventer cervicis (BV), splenius (SP), and
      occipitoscapularis (OCC) muscles, experiments were conducted on cats anesthetized
      with chloralose-urethane. A total of 246 neurons was found to respond to
      electrical stimulation of those nerves. Of these neurons, 99.2% were located in
      the ipsilateral external cuneate nucleus (ECN) and 0.8% in the ipsilateral main
      cuneate nucleus. Ninety-seven neurons responded only to the BIV, 88 neurons only
      to the SP, and 56 neurons to the OCC alone. The number of monosynaptically
      activated neurons from group I fibers were found to be 26 in 97 neurons which
      responded to the BIV, 20 in 88 neurons responded to the SP, and 8 in 56 neurons
      which responded to the OCC. The ECN contains these neurons organized in a
      somatotopic manner. Neurons from distal muscle (the OCC) project to medial parts
      and from proximal muscle (the BIV) to more lateral parts of the nucleus. Forty
      three of the 143 neurons in the ECN (30.1%) were activated antidromically to
      electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral inferior peduncle and anterior lobules
      IV and V of the cerebellum. Thalamic responses from nuchal muscle afferent fibers
      were recorded in a very narrow region of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL)
      which is situated dorsolaterally to the forelimb muscle afferent (deep radial
      nerve) projection area. The cortical evoked potentials from these nerve
      stimulations were observed in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus, areas 2 or 5,
      which we regarded as a transitional area between the second somatosensory and
      association areas, and the postcruciate dimple (PCD) or area 3a. Cortical
      potentials in the PCD were reduced after lesion of the VPL, where the focal
      potentials evoked by nuchal muscle afferent stimulation were recorded.

PMID- 6822277
TI  - Nerve crush induced changes in molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in soleus
      and extensor digitorum muscles.
AB  - The molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) extracted from the
      fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow twitch soleus (SOL) muscles,
      were separated by velocity sedimentation after sciatic nerve crush. Three
      molecular forms were routinely separated from EDL and four from SOL muscle. In
      the EDL, the 4S and 10S represented the greatest amounts of AChE, and in the SOL
      the 12S and 16S were the major constituent forms of the enzyme. Total AChE
      activity in EDL and SOL muscles rapidly decreased after nerve crush. During
      reinnervation (2 weeks postcrush), total AChE activity in the EDL gradually
      recovered, whereas the SOL exhibited a 2.5-fold transient increase above control.
      Immediately after denervation, decreases in the three AChE forms from the EDL (4,
      10, and 16S) were evident, whereas the SOL exhibited both rapid increases (4 and
      10S) and decreases (12S and 16S). In both muscles the 4S form reappeared before
      the 16S and 10S molecular forms, suggesting that the light form, 4S, may be a
      precursor of the heavier molecules. Transient increases during reinnervation
      occurred in the 16S AChE form in both muscles; however, they were approximately
      five times greater in the SOL than in the EDL. In the SOL all other molecular
      forms showed similar increases, whereas none was seen in the EDL. Possible
      mechanisms are differences in synthesis and catabolism, and in release of
      molecular forms from these muscles.

PMID- 6822279
TI  - Disruption of the brain growth spurt in adolescent rats by chronic phenobarbital
      administration.
AB  - Postweanling rats received daily injections of either 60 mg/kg phenobarbital, 15
      mg/kg phenobarbital, or the drug vehicle from their postnatal days 25 through 39.
      Even though there were no differences among the groups in body weight, the group
      receiving 50 mg/kg phenobarbital had significantly smaller whole brain weights
      and larger liver weights than the other groups. These data suggest that, (i)
      brain growth may be vulnerable to disruption even in its late stages and (ii)
      barbiturates may constitute a threat to normal brain growth.

PMID- 6822278
TI  - Unit responses in the caudate nucleus to cumulative doses of morphine in
      unanesthetized, phenobarbital-treated rats.
AB  - The effects of cumulative i.v. doses of morphine (1 to 30 mg/kg) on the
      spontaneous activity of single caudate nucleus neurons were evaluated in rats
      administered subsurgical doses of phenobarbital. At least 1 week prior to the
      experiment the animals were prepared with a chronic cranial implant which allowed
      subsequent restraint as well as the location and recording of neuronal activity
      with microelectrodes. The rats were pretreated with 40 or 140 mg/kg (i.p.)
      phenobarbital prior to each experiment. In both phenobarbital treatment groups,
      50 to 61% of the neurons tested showed no specific morphine effect. The remainder
      of the neurons tested in each treatment group responded with morphine-specific
      increases or decreases in spontaneous activity. It is concluded that a lighter
      level of anesthesia permits a more dynamic range of caudate neuron responses to
      morphine.

PMID- 6822280
TI  - An autoradiographic study of delta-aminolevulinic acid uptake by mouse brain.
AB  - delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a toxic precursor of porphyrin, when injected
      i.v. failed to enter most brain structures, such as the cortex, thalamus,
      midbrain, and others, as determined by the autoradiographic technique. However,
      the choroid plexus, median eminence, and a narrow strip of the periventricular
      zone, which usually lack a barrier function, were labeled in these experiments.
      These results indicate that the blood-brain barrier is virtually impermeable for
      ALA, although the amino acid may enter the cerebrospinal fluid via fenestrated
      capillaries of the circumventricular organs and tanycytes of the median eminence.

PMID- 6822281
TI  - Sexual difference in nuclear volume and its ontogeny in the rat amygdala.
AB  - Nuclear volume of the medial and lateral nuclei of the amygdala was investigated
      in male and female rats. The volume of the medial nucleus in the adult male rat
      was significantly greater than that of the female rat. Treatment of female rats
      with estrogen for the first 30 days of postnatal life increased the nuclear size,
      and the volume became comparable to that of the males. Although there was no
      significant difference in volume of this nucleus between male and female rats
      from days 1 (day of birth) to 11, the difference became evident at day 21, and
      thereafter it persisted. In contrast, the nuclear volume of the lateral nucleus
      was not different between the two sexes. Estrogen treatment did not influence the
      volume of the lateral nucleus in the female animals. These data indicate that the
      nuclear volume is sexually different in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, and
      its differentiation occurs during the early postnatal period under the influence
      of the organizational action of sex steroids.

PMID- 6822282
TI  - Modifications in single cell activity in the rat midbrain during the
      iontophoretic application of cortisol.
AB  - In view of the modulatory role of the midbrain in the regulation of
      adrenocorticotrophic functions, the effects of iontophoretic application of
      cortisol to central gray and midbrain reticular formation units was studied. Two
      thirds of the cells responded by a change in the rate of firing, mainly by
      inhibition, which in some cells lasted more than 1 min. These modifications in
      the excitability of midbrain neurons, produced by changing concentrations of
      glucocorticoids, may affect indirectly hypothalamic neuroendocrine mechanisms
      controlling ACTH secretion.

PMID- 6822283
TI  - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: larval feeding sites in guinea pigs actively
      sensitized and receiving immune serum.
AB  - Histological analyses of larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus feeding sites in
      naive and actively sensitized guinea pigs were made at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 hr post
      tick attachment. As primary feedings progressed the cavity at the entrance of the
      ticks mouthparts into the uppermost dermis, and the surrounding cellular
      infiltrate (lesion) both increased. Early (6 hr) lesions were dominated by
      eosinophils again predominated at 72 hr (44%), and finally basophils were
      dominant at 96 hr increased as tick feeding progressed and at each observation
      time was at least twice that observed in primary feedings. Dermal cavities at the
      site of entrance of the ticks mouthparts were occasional in occurrence and were
      reduced in size indicating altered tick feeding. Basophils were dominant at all
      observation times ranging from 61 to 91% of the infiltrate. The second cell type
      of significance was the eosinophil, ranging in abundance from 7 to 21%.
      Recipients of immune serum had a smaller cellular filtrate around feeding ticks,
      but basophils were also dominant. Basophils appear to be the principal host cell
      involved in acquired resistance to tick feeding as indicated by the profound
      cutaneous basophil reaction that characterized the immune response to larval
      ticks both in actively and passively sensitized hosts. The finding of significant
      eosinophil accumulations at tick feeding sites of both hosts indicates that these
      cells may also contribute to acquired resistance.

PMID- 6822284
TI  - Taenia crassiceps: regional variations in ultrastructure and evidence of
      endocytosis in the cysticercus' tegument.
AB  - Regional variations in the thickness of the tegument, in the morphology of
      microtriches and mitochondria, in the distribution of dense bodies, smooth
      micropinocytotic vesicles (SMVs), and coated micropinocytotic vesicles (CMVs)
      have been shown for the cysticercus of Taenia crassiceps. The number of SMVs and
      CMVs present in the syncytial layer are in inverse proportion to each other, the
      former being more numerous in the bladder wall and upper part of the invagination
      canal and the latter in the lower part of the canal and the rostellar region.
      Tegumental cells contain numerous granular endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complexes
      involved in the synthesis of both primary lysosomes and dense bodies. Vesicles
      characteristic of various stages of heterolysosomes are present and show regional
      variations in numbers and size. Acid phosphatase activity (EC 3.1.3.2) is present
      on the tegumental surface, and within the Golgi complex, primary lysosomes, and
      heterophagosomes of the tegumental cells. CMVs are reported for the first time in
      the tegument of any helminth and have characteristics similar to CMVs in other
      tissues. T. crassiceps, therefore, because of the presence of both SMVs and CMVs,
      is a unique model system for the study of basic mechanisms of endocytosis.

PMID- 6822285
TI  - Effect of different water-soluble additives on the sustained release of
      sulfanilamide from silicone rubber matrices.

PMID- 6822287
TI  - In vitro effect of nicergoline on the contractility of human bladder neck.

PMID- 6822286
TI  - [Foreign particle contamination in high volume injectable solutions and in
      powders for injectable solutions. Proposals for an Italian standard].

PMID- 6822288
TI  - Survey of new antihypertensive drugs: 1982.
AB  - Over 500 compounds reported to have antihypertensive activity have been cataloged
      from the world literature (1979-1982). The agents were classified according to
      mechanism: 1) drugs interacting at alpha-adrenoceptor sites; 2) beta-adrenoceptor
      antagonists; 3) drugs interacting with the autonomic nervous system by mechanisms
      other than 1 and 2; 4) inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system; 5) diuretics;
      6) vasodilator antihypertensives; and 7) drugs with miscellaneous mechanisms
      and/or sites of action. Within each class the drugs were subclassified and
      compounds that best fit the prototypes identified. The scheme is subjective,
      largely because of conflicting information cited in the literature. It is clear
      that many new drugs are at various stages of development. Whether or not these
      drugs will survive the scrutiny of rigorous and lengthy preclinical and clinical
      development, and in fact prove to be better antihypertensive agents than the
      currently marketed agents, remains to be established.

PMID- 6822289
TI  - U-54,669F: a novel hypotensive agent.
AB  - U-54,669F, a new antihypertensive agent, administered orally was associated with
      dose-related hypotensive responses in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive, and
      normotensive rats (0.015-0.5 mg/kg) and in supine conscious monkeys (1-10 mg/kg).
      No loss of hypotensive efficacy of U-54,669F was observed after 1 wk of daily
      repetitive treatment. U-54,669F did not alter electrical postganglionic
      sympathetic nerve activity or postsynaptic sympathetic function. Hypotensive
      responses to U-54,669F were blunted in spinal cats. U-54,669F was associated with
      dose-related decreases in norepinephrine (NE) levels in plasma and in cardiac and
      splenic tissue, whereas brain NE was unaltered. U-54,669F attenuated vascular
      responses associated with electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves. However,
      at hypotensive doses, U-54,669F did not impair the ability of monkeys to
      withstand orthostatic stress, or contraction of the nictitating membrane
      secondary to sympathetic stimulation in the cat. U-54,669F appears to alter
      peripheral sympathetic neurogenic function, but apparently does not enter the
      central nervous system and does not impair the ability to withstand orthostatic
      stress at effective hypotensive doses.

PMID- 6822290
TI  - Bromolasalocid (Ro 20-0006) antihypertensive ionophore.
AB  - Bromolasalocid (Ro 20-0006) is a calcium ionophore with antihypertensive activity
      that does not belong to any known class of antihypertensive agents.
      Bromolasalocid produces a relatively flat systolic blood pressure dose-response
      effect in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. An intensive cardiovascular
      evaluation of bromolasalocid at the highest dose used in the dose-response study
      showed full hemodynamic compensation; there was a significant decrease in both
      mean arterial blood pressure and peripheral resistance without a significant
      decrease in cardiac index. The antihypertensive action of bromolasalocid lasts
      many days after termination of dosing. Bromolasalocid is specifically
      antihypertensive and does not decrease arterial blood pressure in normotensive
      animals or in animal models of hypertensive cardiovascular disease with normal
      pulse pressures. Bromolasalocid is not a vasodilator and appears to mediate its
      antihypertensive action by restoring compliance of the large conduit arteries.
      Both the derived arterial compliance index and the blood pressure-pressor
      response to the carotid occlusion reflex are enhanced in the dog perinephritis
      model of hypertensive cardiovascular disease treated with bromolasalocid.
      Bromolasalocid appears to reverse the damage to cardiovascular tissue caused by
      prolonged hypertension via an action on calcium perturbations in large artery
      smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6822292
TI  - Introductory remarks: why 5-hydroxytryptamine?

PMID- 6822291
TI  - Nitrendipine and other calcium entry blockers (calcium antagonists) in
      hypertension.
AB  - Nitrendipine is a calcium antagonistic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative with a
      pronounced antihypertensive activity in animal experiment. Similar to other
      calcium entry blockers, nitrendipine decreases blood pressure by lowering the
      elevated peripheral vascular resistance. However, its long-term effect differs
      from that of vasodilators such as hydralazine and minoxidil. In contrast to
      vasodilators, nitrendipine reduces heart hypertrophy in various forms of
      experimental hypertension in rats. Nitrendipine is highly effective in
      normalizing blood pressure, reducing heart hypertrophy, and preventing mortality
      in salt-related hypertension (two-kidney renal hypertension, salt-induced
      hypertension in Dahl rats), which are rather refractory to the effect of
      vasodilators. Nitrendipine reduces renovascular resistance in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats but has no effect on that of normotensive rats. In conscious
      renal hypertensive dogs, nitrendipine decreases blood pressure more than does
      hydralazine. The reflex tachycardia is more pronounced after hydralazine than
      after nitrendipine; blood pressure decrease is greater and the duration of the
      effect is longer than that of nifedipine. Nitrendipine is thus predicted as an
      effective drug for antihypertensive monotherapy.

PMID- 6822293
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine and platelet aggregation.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activates blood platelets of various species including
      humans. In contrast to cat, pig, and sheep platelets, human blood platelets
      respond to 5-HT mainly with a shape change and a reversible aggregation only.
      However, depending on the concentration and the time interval between its
      addition and that of another agonist, 5-HT amplifies the human platelet
      aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and norepinephrine; the
      monoamine itself induces strong aggregation of platelets presensitized with
      norepinephrine, lysolecithin, or Thrombofax. Prolonged exposure of platelets to 5
      HT results in transient tachyphylaxis. Pharmacodissection and receptor-binding
      studies suggest the presence of functional receptors, possibly of the 5-HT2 (S2)
      type, different from the ones involved in the active uptake of the monoamine by
      the platelets. As a modulator of platelet reactions, 5-HT may be involved in
      secondary platelet aggregation, hemostasis, and thrombus formation.

PMID- 6822294
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine and vascular disease.
AB  - The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from aggregating platelets may trigger
      acute vasospastic episodes of larger arteries, which can lead to tissue ischemia,
      particularly in the coronary and cerebral circulations. In hypertensive humans
      and animals, 5-HT may play a role in the maintenance of the chronic increase in
      peripheral resistance. This is suggested by the observations that 1) in several
      models of chronic hypertension there is a specific increase in the responsiveness
      of the blood vessel wall to the vasoconstrictor properties of 5-HT and a delayed
      tachyphylaxis to the monoamine; 2) the ability of hypertensive animals to clear 5
      HT from the blood is reduced, and the platelets of hypertensive patients take up
      less 5-HT than those of normotensive humans; their activation to release 5-HT is
      accelerated; and 3) ketanserin, a 5-HT2-serotonergic antagonist devoid of
      agonistic properties, lowers arterial blood pressure in hypertensive humans and
      animals.

PMID- 6822295
TI  - Neural influences and norepinephrine sensitivity in the rat portal vein.
AB  - Experimental evidence suggests that innervation can exert a long-term control and
      modulation on effector cell homeostasis. These trophic influences are known to
      occur between the motor innervation and skeletal muscles, tissues in which these
      phenomena have been well studied. A similar picture is also emerging to indicate
      that smooth muscles may be subjected to a neurotrophic influence. The present
      paper reviews and presents data obtained after chemical sympathectomy of rat
      portal vein with 6-hydroxydopamine. Basically three experimental protocols were
      utilized: 1) studies before and after complete in vitro denervation, using the
      vessel as its own control; 2) in vivo sympathectomy followed by in vitro studies
      at various times thereafter; and 3) experiments in which the veins were
      denervated in vitro, placed in organ culture, and treated with either
      norepinephrine (NE) or the vehicle. The results indicate that in rat portal vein
      the sympathetic innervation normally exerts a trophic influence mediated, at
      least in part, by NE. This evidence is discussed in relation to other smooth
      muscles insofar as supersensitivity mechanisms and other possible effects
      triggered by transmitter withdrawal. The discussion is extended to encompass ways
      by which NE could exert its effects, and the possibility of other trophic
      factors.

PMID- 6822296
TI  - Contraction, membrane potential, and calcium fluxes in rabbit pulmonary arterial
      muscle.
AB  - The rabbit main pulmonary artery (RMPA) has frequently been used for studies of
      contraction, membrane properties, and ion fluxes. The resting membrane potential
      (Em) of the smooth muscle cells of the RMPA is close to -60 mV. The diffusion
      potential calculated from ion concentrations and permeabilities is -31 to -40 mV,
      which suggests that electrogenic ion pumping contributes to the actual Em.
      Circumferential strips of RMPA possess cablelike properties with a space constant
      lambda of 1.9 mm. Contraction of RMPA to high K+ depends on extracellular Ca2+,
      is associated with 45Ca influx, is inhibited by Ca2+ entry blockers, and occurs
      after depolarization of the membrane to -45 to -33 mV. Maximal contractile
      responses to K+ and norepinephrine (NE) were similar. At low concentrations (3 X
      10(-8)-10(-6) M) NE and the alpha 1-agonist methoxamine induced concentration
      dependent depolarization and contraction. Above 10(-6) M contraction occurred in
      the absence of further changes in Em. Membrane resistance, estimated from
      measurements of space constant, decreased over the entire concentration
      contraction curve of alpha agonists. Blockade of potassium channels by
      tetraethylammonium unmasked depolarization at high NE concentrations. It is
      concluded that in the RMPA alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation is associated with
      changes in electrical membrane properties and may in this way trigger
      contraction.

PMID- 6822297
TI  - Integration of mechanisms in single vascular muscle cells.

PMID- 6822298
TI  - Immobilized adriamycin: a tool for separating cell surface from intracellular
      mechanisms.
AB  - Pharmacologic agents may exert their biological activity at the level of the cell
      membrane. Of particular interest is the anticancer agent adriamycin. This drug
      has previously been considered to act by intercalation with nuclear DNA, but
      recent evidence suggests the possibility that the cell surface membrane may
      represent an alternative target. To test this hypothesis, adriamycin was attached
      to insoluble supports, and conditions suggesting that the drug was actively
      cytotoxic without entering cells were demonstrated.

PMID- 6822301
TI  - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 67th annual meeting,
      Chicago, Illinois, April 10-15, 1983. Abstracts of papers 2594-5090.

PMID- 6822300
TI  - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 67th annual meeting,
      Chicago, Illinois, April 10-15, 1983. Abstracts of papers 1-2593.

PMID- 6822299
TI  - Immobilized enzyme electrodes for glucose determination for the artificial
      pancreas.
AB  - Immobilized enzymes are useful in the development of techniques for analytical
      chemistry measurements, primarily because of the specificity of enzymes for given
      substrates. In the case of glucose an in vivo assay is needed for closed loop
      operation of an artificial pancreas insulin delivery system. Several enzymatic
      methods are available for in vitro determinations of glucose, but only two or
      three of these methods hold any promise of adaptation for in vivo use. The most
      promising enzymatic approaches include the use of immobilized glucose oxidase in
      conjunction with 1) an oxygen electrode to give an amperometric output or 2) a
      reference electrode to give a potentiometric output. The use of glucose oxidase
      or other D-glucose-specific enzymes in conjunction with sensitive thermistors to
      measure the heat of reaction may also be a feasible method. The two most
      promising approaches are described in terms of their feasibility for continuous
      measurement of blood glucose levels in vivo without the necessity of withdrawing
      body fluids for the assay.

PMID- 6822302
TI  - Fertilizing capacity and sperm antibodies in vasovasostomized men.
AB  - In order to explain the discrepancy between the patency rate (80%) and the
      pregnancy rate (46%) in a series of vasovasostomies, attention was focused on a
      group of patients who became normospermic. The mean age at vasectomy, the
      duration of vasobstruction, and the parameters of semen analysis were not
      different for those couples who achieved a pregnancy (n = 8), compared with those
      couples without pregnancy (n = 7). In the group with pregnancy, six of the eight
      patients had low titers of serum agglutinins (absent to 1:32), and the
      fertilizing capacity of their spermatozoa was normal. None had immobilizing
      antibodies. In the group without pregnancy, six of the seven patients had
      elevated serum agglutinins (greater than 1:256), and four had agglutinating
      antibodies in their seminal plasma as well as serum immobilizing antibodies. The
      spermatozoa of seven patients failed to fertilize zona-free hamster ova. It is
      concluded that a loss of fertilizing ability of the spermatozoa due to sperm
      antibodies is an important cause of infertility in vasovasostomized men.

PMID- 6822304
TI  - Transplantation and replantation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries: a technique
      for patients undergoing pelvic irradiation.

PMID- 6822305
TI  - Tubointestinal fistula.

PMID- 6822303
TI  - Variability in the human-hamster in vitro assay for fertility evaluation.
AB  - Sources of variability in the zona-free hamster egg penetration assay were
      evaluated. Internal consistency in the assay was examined in replicate
      experiments using sperm from 23 donors. The average difference in the percentage
      of fertilization between the replicates was 3.9%. Optimal preincubation
      conditions and insemination time were examined and shown to be 0.5 to 1.0 X 10(7)
      sperm/ml and 2 to 3 hours. Abstinence time was found to be a variable, and a
      critical abstinence of more than 12 hours was required. Prolonged exposure to
      seminal plasma (i.e., more than 30 minutes) produced a reduction in the
      fertilization test results. If the variables studied here are consistently
      controlled, then changes in the assay results greater than the experimental error
      should reflect true changes in the semen sample.

PMID- 6822306
TI  - Failure of bromocriptine to restore the menstrual cycle in normoprolactinemic
      post-pill amenorrhea.

PMID- 6822307
TI  - On the transfer of conceptuses from oocytes fertilized in vitro.

PMID- 6822308
TI  - Early cerclage in habitual abortion.

PMID- 6822309
TI  - Infertility in mild endometriosis.

PMID- 6822310
TI  - The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.

PMID- 6822311
TI  - Cigarette smoking and semen quality.

PMID- 6822312
TI  - Carnitine esters: novel inhibitors of plasma lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase in experimental animals but not in man (Homo sapiens).
AB  - 1. Long-chain fatty acid esters of carnitine were observed to inhibit lecithin:
      cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43) in plasma from the rat (Rattus
      sativa) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) but not in man (Homo sapiens). At a
      level of 500 nmol/ml of plasma, L-palmitoylcarnitine, L-stearoylcarnitine, and L
      oleoylcarnitine inhibit the formation of cholesteryl esters by LCAT by 25-30%. 2.
      The inhibition is concentration-dependent and is observed only with acylcarnitine
      esters with acyl chains of 12C or greater. 3. Equipotent activity is obtained
      using either the DL-acylcarnitine esters or the L-acylcarnitine esters. 4.
      Inhibition of LCAT by carnitine esters is greater than that achievable with
      sodium dodecylsulfate on a mol:mol basis and is not reversible with albumin. 5.
      The failure of the carnitine esters to inhibit plasma LCAT from man suggests the
      possibility of subtle differences in the structure of human LCAT compared with
      that in other species.

PMID- 6822313
TI  - Inhibition of an insect midgut trehalase by dioxane and delta-gluconolactone:
      enzyme pKa values and geometric relationships at the active site.
AB  - 1. Inhibition of the Rhynchosciara americana midgut trehalase (alpha, alpha'
      trehalose glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.28) by the competitive inhibitor dioxane have
      been studied. 2. Determinations of the Ki of dioxane at different pH provided the
      true pKa values of the prototropic groups of the trehalase active site (pKa 5.2
      and 8.2), which are in agreement with those determined previously from kinetic
      and chemical modification data. 3. Dioxane only changes the enzyme pKa values if
      bound at the enzyme active site. 4. Gluconic acid does not inhibit the trehalase,
      in contrast to delta-gluconolactone which is a simple intersecting linear
      inhibitor. 5. Multiple inhibition analyses showed that delta-gluconolactone and
      Tris bind at the same site in the trehalase active center, whereas dioxane binds
      closer to delta-gluconolactone than to Tris. 6. The data support the assumption
      that dioxane binds at the middle portion of the trehalase active site.

PMID- 6822314
TI  - A one-step PMR determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of NADP+
      linked oxidoreductases.
AB  - 1. A simple, facile one-step method has been devised to measure the
      stereospecificity of NADP+-linked oxidoreductases. The procedure involves
      coupling the test enzymes to enzymes of known stereospecificity in the presence
      of deuterated substrates. The regenerated NADP+ in the coupled reactions is
      analyzed by PMR for its deuterium content at the carbon-4 position of the
      nicotinamide ring. 2. It is found that malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37),
      lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and glycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29) are
      A-side stereospecific whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) and glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are B-side stereospecific. 3. Enzymes which
      can utilize both NAD+ and NADP+ have the same stereospecificity with respect to
      the coenzyme.

PMID- 6822317
TI  - Activity and electrophoretic profiles of liver aldehyde dehydrogenases from mice
      of inbred strains with different alcohol preference.
AB  - 1. The activity of low Km-aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver
      mitochondrial fraction (MT-fraction) from male C57BL/6J strain mice (alcohol
      preferring) was significantly higher than that from DBA/2 mice (alcohol
      avoiding). The F1 hybrids (C57BL/6J X DBA/2) did not exhibit the intermediate
      activity to these two strains. 2. Strain differences in liver mitochondrial ALDH
      isozymes were observed by isoelectric focusing. C57BL/6J strain had two isozymes
      at pH 7.1 while DBA/2 had no band at this pH. F1 hybrid mice had similar two
      bands with lower density to those of C57BL/6J at pH 7.1. There was no difference
      in zymograms of the soluble fraction between C57BL/6J and DBA/2 strains. 3. The
      present results suggest that the difference in alcohol preference of mice may
      depend on some restricted ALDH isozymes with different pl or electric mobility
      rather than the enzymatic activity in the liver MT-fraction.

PMID- 6822315
TI  - Glycoprotein-protein associated effects on the permeability of a model membrane.
AB  - 1. The osmotic effects on phospholipid vesicles in the presence and absence of
      bound glycoprotein and protein were used to determine the permeability to some
      ions and neutral molecules. 2. The permeation times were registered as a function
      of membrane surface charge and glycoprotein protein molar ratio in the vesicles.
      3. The permeation times for ions varied considerably with the change of
      glycoprotein protein molar ratio. 4. When neutral molecules passed through the
      membrane, the permeation times did not change varying glycoprotein-protein molar
      ratio. 5. In all cases the permeation times did not depend on the surface charge.
      6. Our results suggest that topographical distribution of hydrophobic and
      hydrophilic regions of glycoprotein molecule would play a substantial role and
      influence the permeability in this case.

PMID- 6822316
TI  - Sources of normal variation of plasma l-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
      in Hereford range cattle.
AB  - 1. Plasma levels of L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST) were
      estimated in Hereford cattle, 1 month to 12 years of age, kept under range
      conditions and in a group of Hereford x Angus cows kept on the same range. 2.
      Plasma levels of AST were estimated in a group of Crossbred cows and their calves
      fed a constant diet and kept in individual pens in the same geographic area as
      the Herefords. 3. Seasonal changes in mean plasma AST were observed in the
      Herefords corresponding with the change from dry winter grasses/hay and well
      water to fresh spring and summer grasses and slough water. No seasonal changes
      were observed in the Crossbreds given a constant dry diet and city water. 4.
      Plasma AST increased with age in calves 1 to 12 months of age in the Herefords
      but not in the Crossbreds. Mean plasma AST did not change with age in any of the
      adult cattle studied. 5. Small increases in plasma AST corresponding to increases
      in ambient temperature above - 12 degrees C were observed in the Crossbreds. 6.
      An increase in plasma AST was observed near the time of first ovulation in the
      confined cows. 7. No relationship could be demonstrated between plasma AST and
      sex, breed or time to parturition in the range cattle. Breed differences were
      observed in the Crossbred cows.

PMID- 6822318
TI  - H4-isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase in the solution of sodium chloride--3. The
      enzymatic activity and the pyruvate inhibition.
AB  - 1. Low enzymatic activities in low pyruvate concentrations and high Km were
      observed in sodium chloride solutions. 2. The pyruvate inhibition shown by the %
      activity at 1 mM pyruvate was lower sodium chloride than in 0.1 M sodium
      phosphate. 3. At 40 degrees C, as compared with results at 20 degrees C, less
      pyruvate inhibition was observed in phosphate buffer and in sodium chloride
      solutions. 4. By using the equilibrium constants between dimer and tetramer, a
      theoretical explanation is proposed for the pyruvate inhibition. In this
      explanation, it is suggested that the quaternary complex which is composed of
      tetrameric enzyme, coenzyme and two kinds of pyruvates was the main cause of the
      pyruvate inhibition.

PMID- 6822319
TI  - The existence of separate peroxisomal pools of free coenzyme a and long-chain
      acyl-CoA in rat liver, demonstrated by a specific high performance liquid
      chromatography method.
AB  - 1. Tiadenol administration of rats lead to an increased hepatic content of
      unesterified and esterified CoA. 2. Liver homogenates from normal tiadenol
      treated rats were fractionated by differential centrifugation and fractions
      enriched in peroxisomes were subfractionated by isopycnic density gradient
      centrifugation. 3. The analysis demonstrated that purified peroxisomes contained
      a separate pool of free CoASH and long-chain acyl-CoA. 4. The data also provides
      indications of the presence of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase in the peroxisomes.

PMID- 6822320
TI  - Interdigestive phasic contractions of the human lower esophageal sphincter.
AB  - The results of this study show that lower esophageal sphincter contractions occur
      during phases 2 and 3 of the gastric interdigestive migratory motor complex in
      humans. In one series of studies, esophageal, gastric, and duodenal pressures
      were monitored overnight for 12 h in 7 healthy, fasting subjects. A second group
      of 10 volunteers was studied for 12 h on two consecutive nights. Periods of
      gastric contraction that reached a maximum frequency of about 3/min were shown to
      be part of the migratory motor complex cycle because they occurred immediately
      before phase 3 migratory motor complex activity in the duodenum. In all subjects,
      gastric interdigestive contractions were accompanied by lower esophageal
      sphincter contractions that maintained a pressure barrier between the stomach and
      esophageal body. During late phase 2 and phase 3 gastric migratory motor complex
      activity, the lower esophageal sphincter contractions were especially vigorous.
      Mean basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure varied significantly during the
      interdigestive cycle. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure values were maximal
      during phase 3 of gastric migratory motor complex activity and minimal values
      occurred during phase 1. No episodes of gastroesophageal reflux occurred as a
      result of increase of intragastric pressure caused by interdigestive gastric
      contractions.

PMID- 6822321
TI  - Colonic inhibition of pancreatic and biliary secretion.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not nutrients in the colon
      influence pancreatic and biliary secretion in humans. In six healthy subjects,
      similar caloric loads (117 cals) of oleic acid, essential amino acids, and
      glucose in isomolar (280 mosmol/L), similar pH (7.4) solutions were infused into
      the right colon at 10 ml/min through a colonic tube passed by mouth. A background
      of submaximal pancreatic and biliary secretion was maintained by continuous
      intravenous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin. Biliary and
      pancreatic secretions were quantitated using the gastroduodenal intubation
      perfusion technique. Among the three nutrients tested, only oleic acid in the
      colon decreased pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate outputs. The mean trypsin
      output decreased from 26.3 +/- 2.6 kU/h to 12.3 +/- 1.9 kU/h (46% +/- 6% of
      control), while the lipase output decreased from 62 +/- 6.6 kU/h to 36 +/- 5.6
      kU/h (58% +/- 6% of control). Similarly, the output of bicarbonate in the
      duodenal aspirate decreased from 31 +/- 7.2 mEq/h to 16.3 +/- 3.1 mEq/h (61% +/-
      5% of control). Intracolonic perfusion of essential amino acids or glucose had no
      effect on pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion. In contrast, all three
      nutrients in the colon inhibited biliary secretion. The mean output of bilirubin
      decreased from 56 +/- 6 mg/h to 19 +/- 2 mg/h (35% +/- 5% of control) during
      intracolonic perfusion of oleic acid. Essential amino acids lowered the output of
      bilirubin from 54 +/- 12 mg/h to 31 +/- 8.6 mg/h (65% +/- 6% of control), whereas
      glucose lowered it from 53 +/- 12 mg/h to 22 +/- 4 mg/h (45% +/- 5% of control).
      This differing response of pancreatic and biliary output to intracolonic
      perfusion of nutrients suggests differential sensitivity of the pancreas and
      gallbladder to these inhibitory influences. In malabsorption states, unabsorbed
      nutrients in the colon may inhibit pancreatic and biliary secretion, further
      contributing to the loss of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6822322
TI  - Role of bacteria in gastric ulceration produced by indomethacin in the rat:
      cytoprotective action of antibiotics.
AB  - Indomethacin produces mucosal lesions in both the gastric antrum and small
      intestine in rats refed for 1 h after a 24-h fast. This study was designed to
      determine the role of bacteria in the formation of the antral lesions. A mixture
      of antibiotics (bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B) prevented the antral
      lesions as well as intestinal lesions. The antibiotics also decreased the gastric
      corpus lesions induced by indomethacin in the fasted rat. Under a germ-free
      condition, indomethacin did not produce severe lesions in the small intestine of
      the refed rat but provoked many lesions in the antrum of the refed rat and in the
      corpus of the fasted rat. Corpus lesions induced by indomethacin in the fasted
      rat were decreased markedly by neomycin and slightly by polymyxin B, but not by
      bacitracin. Corpus lesions produced by an absolute ethanol, however, were
      prevented by each of the antibiotics. The inhibitory effect of neomycin on the
      corpus lesions was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin. In pylorus
      ligated rats, neomycin did not decrease gastric acid secretion. The concentration
      of nonprotein sulfhydryls in the gastric mucosa was not altered by the treatment
      with neomycin. The antibiotic solutions were hypotonic. It is concluded that (a)
      bacteria are not important in the formation of antral and corpus lesions induced
      by indomethacin, and (b) antibiotics prevent gastric ulceration not by its
      antibacterial action, but by a "cytoprotective" action. The mechanism is unknown,
      but it may be different from that of antisecretory drugs, prostaglandins, mild
      irritants, hypertonic solutions, and sulfhydryl compounds.

PMID- 6822323
TI  - Fine structure of a neuroendocrine complex in the mucosa of the appendix.
AB  - The fine structure of a neuroendocrine complex within the lamina propria of the
      human appendix is described. This complex contains four types of neurosecretory
      cells, occasional neurons, Schwann cells, and numerous nerve processes, including
      axons with varicose swellings. Few of the axons form true synapses, but many make
      some junctional contact with the neurosecretory cells and with other nerve
      processes. From the morphology of their vesicles, most of the nerve fibers appear
      to belong to the peptidergic component of the enteric nervous system. The mucosal
      neuroendocrine complex appears to be an integral part of the mucosal nervous
      plexus.

PMID- 6822324
TI  - Phytohemagglutinin derived from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): a cause for
      intestinal malabsorption associated with bacterial overgrowth in the rat.
AB  - Plant lectins or carbohydrate binding proteins interact with membrane receptors
      on cellular surfaces but their antinutritional effects are poorly defined.
      Studies were conducted to determine the effects of phytohemagglutinin, a lectin
      derived from raw red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), on small intestinal
      absorptive function and morphology, and on the intestinal microflora.
      Phytohemagglutinin was isolated in purified form by thyroglobulin-sepharose 4B
      affinity chromatography. Red kidney bean and phytohemagglutinin (6% and 0.5%,
      respectively, of dietary protein) were fed in a purified casein diet to weanling
      rats for up to 21 days. Weight loss, associated with malabsorption of lipid,
      nitrogen, and vitamin B12, developed in comparison with animals pair-fed
      isonitrogenous casein diets. Antinutritional effects of red kidney bean were
      reversible on reinstitution of a purified casein diet. An increase in bacterial
      colonization of the jejunum and ileum occurred in red kidney bean- and
      phytohemagglutin-fed animals. When antibiotics were included in the diet,
      malabsorption of [3H]triolein and 57Co-vitamin B12 in red kidney bean-fed animals
      was partially reversed and, in germ-free animals, purified phytohemagglutinin had
      no demonstrable antinutritional effect. Mucosal disaccharidase activity was
      reduced in red kidney bean- and phytohemagglutinin-fed animals, but intestinal
      mucosal morphology was unchanged. Dietary administration of phytohemagglutinin,
      alone or as a component of red kidney bean, caused intestinal dysfunction, which
      was associated with, and dependent upon, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
      Adherence of enteric bacteria to the mucosal surface was enhanced by
      phytohemagglutinin which may have facilitated small intestinal bacterial
      overgrowth.

PMID- 6822325
TI  - Effects of colchicine on the intestinal transport of endogenous lipid.
      Ultrastructural, biochemical, and radiochemical studies in fasting rats.
AB  - The involvement of microtubules in the transepithelial transport of exogenous
      lipid in intestinal absorptive cells has been suggested. Using
      electronmicroscopic, biochemical, and radiochemical methods, we have studied the
      effects of the antimicrotubular agent colchicine on the intestinal mucosa and on
      the intestinal transport of endogenous lipid of rats in the fasting state. After
      colchicine treatment, the concentration of triglycerides in intestinal mucosa of
      rats fasted for 24 h doubled, and electron microscopic studies showed a striking
      accumulation of lipid particles in absorptive epithelial cells of the tips of
      jejunal villi. These findings suggest that colchicine interferes with the
      intestinal transepithelial transport of endogenous lipoproteins. Additional
      studies, using an intraduodenal pulse injection of [14C]linoleic acid, showed
      that colchicine does not affect the uptake of fatty acids by intestinal mucosa.
      However, it had divergent effects on fatty acid esterification, enhancing their
      incorporation into triglycerides relative to phospholipids, and caused a
      significant accumulation of endogenous diglycerides, triglycerides, and
      cholesterol esters within the absorptive intestinal epithelium. Detailed
      ultrastructural and morphometric studies revealed a decrease of visible
      microtubules, and a displacement of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
      and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, it is shown that after colchicine treatment,
      microvilli appear at the lateral plasma membrane of intestinal absorptive cells,
      a change not previously reported to our knowledge. Thus, our study shows that (a)
      colchicine causes significant changes in enterocyte ultrastructure and (b)
      colchicine perturbs the reesterification of absorbed endogenous fatty acids and
      their secretion in the form of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the
      enterocyte.

PMID- 6822326
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol administration on hepatic glycoprotein secretion in
      the rat.
AB  - The effects of chronic ethanol feeding on protein and glycoprotein synthesis and
      secretion were studied in rat liver slices. Liver slices from rats fed ethanol
      for 4-5 wk showed a decreased ability to incorporate [14C]glucosamine into medium
      trichloracetic acid-precipitable proteins when compared to the pair-fed controls;
      however, the labeling of hepatocellular glycoproteins was unaffected by chronic
      ethanol treatment. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled secretory (serum)
      glycoproteins with antiserum against rat serum proteins showed a similar marked
      inhibition in the appearance of glucosamine-labeled proteins in the medium of
      slices from ethanol-fed rats. Minimal effects, however, were noted in the
      labeling of intracellular secretory glycoproteins. Protein synthesis, as
      determined by measuring [14C]leucine incorporation into medium and liver
      proteins, was decreased in liver slices from ethanol-fed rats as compared to the
      pair-fed controls. This was the case for both total proteins as well as
      immunoprecipitable secretory proteins, although the labeling of secretory
      proteins retained in the liver slices was reduced to a lesser extent than total
      radiolabeled hepatic proteins. When the terminal sugar, [14C]fucose, was employed
      as a precursor in order to more closely focus on the final steps of hepatic
      glycoprotein secretion, liver slices obtained from chronic ethanol-fed rats
      exhibited impaired secretion of fucose-labeled proteins into the medium. When
      ethanol (5 or 10 mM) was added to the incubation medium containing liver slices
      from the ethanol-fed rats, the alterations in protein and glycoprotein synthesis
      and secretion caused by the chronic ethanol treatment were further potentiated.
      The results of this study indicate that liver slices prepared from chronic
      ethanol-fed rats exhibit both impaired synthesis and secretion of proteins and
      glycoproteins, and these defects are further potentiated by acute ethanol
      administration.

PMID- 6822327
TI  - Early diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by computed tomography and
      ultrasonography: report of five cases.
AB  - In 5 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, computed tomography after intravenous
      bolus injection of iodinated contrast agents demonstrated images not previously
      seen in other diseases. The images are compatible with stagnation of contrast
      material at the periphery of the liver. In 3 of the 5 cases, grey-scale
      ultrasonography failed to document the normal hepatic veins draining into the
      inferior caval vein, but showed an intrahepatic network of comma-shaped venous
      structures. It is proposed that these two noninvasive approaches can help in
      establishing an early diagnosis.

PMID- 6822328
TI  - Immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis B core antigen for the diagnosis of
      fulminant type B hepatitis.
AB  - We attempted to diagnose fulminant type B hepatitis by the hepatitis B core
      antibody of the immunoglobulin M class. Of 27 consecutive cases of fulminant
      hepatitis not due to drug-related causes or type A hepatitis, 11 cases with and 9
      without hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum revealed a high activity of
      immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody by radioimmunoassay (S/N ratio 36.3 +/
      20.3). The remaining 7 cases with presumed non-A, non-B hepatitis, as well as
      the other 4 cases with drug-related causes, did not show any detectable activity
      (0.99 +/- 0.16). Serums from 30 asymptomatic carriers did not reveal a high
      activity of immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody (2.1 +/- 1.2), although
      titers of non-class-specific hepatitis B core antibody were invariably high. On
      the basis of the results obtained, immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody may
      be applied for the diagnosis of type B etiology in cases of fulminant hepatitis
      with or without hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum.

PMID- 6822329
TI  - Effect of bile acid conjugation pattern on bile acid metabolism in normal humans.
AB  - Six male subjects were fed taurine 0.5 g six times daily for 2 wk to determine
      the effect of a shift in bile acid conjugation pattern upon bile acid metabolism.
      Duodenal bile acids were analyzed, and bile acid pool size, daily fecal
      excretion, and biliary excretion rate were quantified. In addition, daily biliary
      excretion rate of cholesterol and phospholipid were quantified, and biliary
      saturation with cholesterol was estimated. The dose of taurine caused reversal of
      the bile acid glycine-to-taurine conjugation ratio. Total bile acid pool size
      decreased, as did the pool size of chenodeoxycholic acid. Pool sizes of cholic
      and deoxycholic acids did not change. Daily fecal bile acid excretion decreased
      slightly. Biliary secretion rates of cholesterol, phospholipid, and bile acids
      did not change, nor did biliary cholesterol saturation. Pool size can decrease
      because of increased bile acid catabolism or decreased synthesis. The fact that
      bile acid excretion failed to increase, and actually decreased slightly, suggests
      that the effect is upon bile acid synthesis. In normal humans, the effect is
      small and probably physiologically unimportant. In special cases, however, such
      as during ursodeoxycholic acid therapy, the effect of shifting conjugation
      pattern may become important.

PMID- 6822330
TI  - Small bowel obstruction secondary to enzymatic digestion of a gastric bezoar.

PMID- 6822331
TI  - Unilobar small hepatic vein obstruction: possible role of progestogen given as
      oral contraceptive.
AB  - The case of a 33-yr-old woman with an obstruction of small hepatic veins limited
      to the right lobe of the liver is reported. Abdominal pain, fever, absence of
      ascites, and normality of liver biochemical tests were the most striking
      features. Abnormalities characteristic of lesions were observed on surgical wedge
      liver biopsy, hepatic phlebography, and computerized tomography. None of the
      usual causes of small hepatic vein obstruction were found. This patient had been
      taking an oral progestative compound as contraceptive therapy for 7 mo before
      evaluation. Because progestogens have recently been incriminated in the
      occurrence of vascular alterations, the possible role of this drug in our case is
      discussed.

PMID- 6822332
TI  - Diffuse phlegmonous gastroenterocolitis in a patient with an infected peritoneo
      jugular venous shunt.
AB  - Phlegmonous gastritis and enterocolitis have been observed in association with
      alcoholism and hepatic cirrhosis. We report a case of diffuse phlegmonous
      gastroenterocolitis that occurred 1 yr after the insertion of a peritoneojugular
      venous shunt (Denver type) in a young male heroin abuser with postnecrotic
      cirrhosis. Diplococcus pneumoniae was cultured from the occluded distal tip of
      the shunt and the organism was visualized throughout the inflamed submucosa of
      the entire gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of this condition was not made
      premortem and the case highlights some of the clinical manifestations of this
      gastrointestinal disease. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in this
      inflammatory process are discussed.

PMID- 6822333
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen radioimmunodetection.

PMID- 6822334
TI  - Immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody: to titer or not to titer? to use or
      not to use?

PMID- 6822335
TI  - Porphyrins in Rotor's syndrome.

PMID- 6822336
TI  - Functional significance of pancreatic calculi.

PMID- 6822337
TI  - Positive Hemoccult reactions after oral iron: true or false?

PMID- 6822338
TI  - Recognition of the cancer family syndrome.

PMID- 6822340
TI  - Avoiding diuretic-related complications in older patients.

PMID- 6822339
TI  - Infections and the nervous system in the elderly.

PMID- 6822341
TI  - Protecting the elderly patient from pressure sores.

PMID- 6822342
TI  - Corticosteroids in the elderly.

PMID- 6822343
TI  - Caring for the curmudgeon.

PMID- 6822344
TI  - What causes Alzheimer's?

PMID- 6822345
TI  - Identifying and treating depression in an older patient.

PMID- 6822346
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in the elderly: diagnostic dilemmas.

PMID- 6822347
TI  - Infectious complications in the elderly diabetic patient.

PMID- 6822348
TI  - Conservation surgery and radiation therapy in the treatment of operable breast
      cancer. 17th annual San Francisco Cancer Symposium, San Francisco, Calif.
      February 27-28, 1982.

PMID- 6822349
TI  - Conservation surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of localized breast
      cancer. A retrospective analysis.

PMID- 6822350
TI  - 'High risk' women: breast cancer concerns and health practices.

PMID- 6822351
TI  - A patient's perspective of conservation surgery and radiation therapy.

PMID- 6822352
TI  - Conservative surgery and radiation therapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 6822353
TI  - The patient's right to know under the law.

PMID- 6822354
TI  - Selection, work-up and surgical technique of conservation surgery and axillary
      dissection.

PMID- 6822355
TI  - Estrogen receptors: significance and current status.

PMID- 6822356
TI  - Radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast instead of mastectomy. An update.

PMID- 6822357
TI  - Conservation surgery and irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 6822358
TI  - Results of salvage surgery for local failure following conservative therapy of
      operable breast cancer.

PMID- 6822359
TI  - Conservative surgery and radiation therapy in the treatment of operable breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6822361
TI  - Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - The author presents a hypothesis that the complex of endocrine and metabolic
      disturbances arising long before the development of endometrial carcinoma
      determines the biological peculiarities of the tumor, its clinical course, and
      the prognosis of the disease. On the basis of a prospective study of 366 patients
      with endometrial carcinoma, the author postulates that there are two different
      pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma. The first pathogenetic type of the
      disease arises in women with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and signs of
      hyperestrogenism: anovulatory uterine bleeding, infertility, late onset of the
      menopause, and hyperplasia of the stroma of the ovaries and endometrium. The
      second pathogenetic type of the disease arises in women who have no signs stated
      above or these signs are not clearly defined. The frequency of the first
      pathogenetic type in the studied group of women was 65%, whereas the frequency of
      the second type was 35%. The peculiarities outlined above which are
      characteristic of the first pathogenetic type of the disease determine the
      development of highly and moderately differentiated tumors (82.3% G1 and G2),
      superficial invasion of the myometrium (69.4%), high sensitivity to progestogens
      (80.2%), and favorable prognosis (85.6% 5-year survival rate). In patients who
      have the second pathogenetic type of endometrial cancer when endocrine and
      metabolic disturbances are absent or occult, poorly differentiated tumors arise
      (62.5% G3), a tendency to deep invasion of tumor into the myometrium is observed
      (65.7%); high frequency of metastatic spread into the pelvic lymph nodes (27.8%);
      decrease of sensitivity to progestogens (42.5%); and doubtful prognosis (58.8% 5
      year survival rate) are noted.

PMID- 6822362
TI  - A solitary neurilemmoma of the clitoris.

PMID- 6822360
TI  - The morbidity and utility of periaortic radiotherapy in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - From 1971 through 1981, 81 women received 4350 to 5075 rad to the periaortic
      lymph nodes as part of their primary management for carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix. While two patients developed chronic small bowel damage, only one
      required surgical intervention. Five-year disease-free survival was 40%.
      Approximately one-third of the first recurrences were within the pelvic and
      periaortic radiation portals, with the remainder in the lungs, liver, bones,
      abdomen, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Radiation dose and volume guidelines
      are presented in order to minimize enteric morbidity.

PMID- 6822363
TI  - Recurrence of a gonadal stromal cell tumor (Sertoli Leydig cell with heterologous
      elements) in a teenager.
AB  - An unusual case of a moderately well-differentiated, encapsulated, Sertoli Leydig
      cell tumor with heterologous elements recurring 3 years after a conservative
      unilateral oophorectomy in a 15-year-old female is reported. This is the first
      case report of a metastatic Sertoli Leydig cell tumor with mucinous heterologous
      elements. A relative lack of uniformly accepted histological criteria of these
      tumors makes prognosis difficult to access. The optimal therapy for recurrent
      Sertoli Leydig cell tumor is unknown. Initial plans of management of this rare
      neoplasm, follow-up, and current concepts of treatment of recurrences will be
      discussed.

PMID- 6822364
TI  - Recurrent vulvar malignancies in an 11-year prospectively followed vulvar
      distrophy: a gynecologist's permanent concern.
AB  - This case reports on a vulvar lichen sclerosus, followed during 11 years, with
      poor response to many different local and general treatments. After 6 years of
      control the patient developed a mild atypia. Two years later, an invasive
      carcinoma was diagnosed and radically treated. Six months later, a local
      recurrence was excised. During the last year of control new biopsies of the
      neovulva showed, at different times, carcinoma in situ and severe atypia.

PMID- 6822365
TI  - Age and prognosis in stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Two materials consisting of patients with early invasive squamous cell carcinoma
      of the uterine cervix have been studied in regard to the influence of age and
      treatment technique on prognosis. In the first material, consisting of 254 Stage
      Ib patients treated only with radiation therapy, a poorer prognosis was found in
      the women under 35 years of age. The second material consisted of 274 Stage Ib
      patients who had been preoperatively irradiated and had undergone radical
      hysterectomy. The prognosis was (not significantly) better for those patients
      under 35 years of age in this group. The rate of central recurrence was higher
      among the younger patients who received only radiation therapy. Analysis of
      histologic grading and cell type according to J. W. Reagan and S. F. Yao (Int. J.
      Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 5, 1015-1020 (1979) ) revealed no explanation for the
      poorer prognosis among younger women treated solely with radiation therapy.

PMID- 6822366
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptor sites in malignancies of the uterine cervix,
      vagina, and vulva.
AB  - Cytoplasmic receptors for 17 beta-estradiol (ER) and progesterone (PR) were
      measured in uterine cervical, vaginal, and vulvar carcinomas by the dextran
      coated charcoal (DCC) technique. Tissues from 30 patients with cervical carcinoma
      were examined. Thirteen percent (2 of 16) of well-differentiated squamous
      carcinomas had positive ER, and 19% (3 of 19) had positive PR. None of the three
      patients with moderately well-differentiated disease have positive ER or PR,
      while two of five patients with poorly differentiated lesions contained
      measurable ER and PR. In contrast, all four of the well-differentiated
      adenocarcinomas of the cervix had detectable ER, and three of four for PR.
      Neither of the two patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had either
      ER or PR. None of the five vulvar and seven vaginal epidermoid carcinomas studied
      had ER or PR activity. Hormonal therapies may be useful in the treatment of
      adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 6822367
TI  - Computerized tomography in ovarian cancer.
AB  - Sixteen women suffering from ovarian cancer were staged by clinical and
      pathological means and concomitantly scanned by computed tomographic means.
      Computed tomography (CT) was found accurate in nine patients. The staging of the
      disease was upgraded in three patients following the CT examination. CT
      examination in four patients was equivocal or failed to detect the true extent of
      the disease. It was not possible to accurately assess the true nature of the
      pelvic mass on CT following a partial debulking pelvic procedure, as the remnant
      pelvic bed tissue could be misinterpreted as recurrent cancer. Small peritoneal
      cancer seedings were not detected on CT. CT scanning despite certain limitations
      is a valuable noninvasive adjunct in the assessment of carcinoma of the ovary and
      its response to treatment.

PMID- 6822368
TI  - Superficially invasive vulvar cancer with nodal metastases.
AB  - Seven patients with superficially invasive vulvar cancer and lymph node
      metastases are reported. Histology of the primary tumor does not seem to
      correlate reliably with its metastatic potential in any individual case, though
      "spray," pseudoglandular, and small cell carcinomas may be particularly
      aggressive lesions. While wide local excision seems to be adequate treatment for
      the primary lesion, it is recommended that for lesions with greater than 1 mm of
      stromal invasion, bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy should be performed
      for midline lesions, and at least ipsilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy
      should be performed for lateralized lesions.

PMID- 6822369
TI  - Human papilloma virus infection (condyloma) of the cervix and cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia: a histopathologic and statistical analysis.
AB  - Two hundred fifty consecutive cases previously diagnosed as advanced
      intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 and CIN III) were reviewed and examined for the
      presence of coexisting condyloma. When the mean ages and age distributions were
      analyzed, there was a consistent shift of the age distribution to a younger age
      among women with CIN and condyloma as opposed to CIN alone. Furthermore, when the
      relationship between age and case accumulation was normalized from a curvilinear
      to a linear relationship, there were significant differences in the slope of the
      accumulation rate between cohorts of CIN III with and without condyloma. These
      differences suggest that the concordant observation of both lesions in a given
      patient is not a random process resulting from two independent events but rather
      indicates an underlying dependence between the two (i.e., condyloma and CIN). It
      cannot, however, be determined statistically whether the associated condyloma is
      directly responsible for the CIN lesion or hastens its transit time.

PMID- 6822370
TI  - Histological and ultrastructural pattern of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in a
      young woman.
AB  - A rare type of cervical squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoglandular features
      occurred in a 22-year-old woman. Histological and ultrastructural characteristics
      of this tumor with keratinized cells as well as glandular mucin containing
      structures and intracellular luminal formations are presented. The problems
      associated with the diagnosis of cervical carcinoma in young women are discussed.

PMID- 6822371
TI  - Human placental lactogen serum levels in venous and capillary blood from women in
      late pregnancy.
AB  - The concentration of human placental lactogen (HPL), in serum was measured in
      venous and capillary blood from 31 pregnant women. 14 women had uncomplicated
      pregnancies. The others had complications including preeclampsia, intrauterine
      growth retardation, and severe edema. The correlation between values of HPL in
      venous and capillary blood was high. In all cases the clinical information
      obtained on placental function was the same, whether HPL was measured in venous
      or capillary blood. The day-to-day variability was of the same order for
      capillary as for venous samples. It is concluded that capillary blood may well be
      used for measurement of HPL in pregnant women. Capillary blood could replace
      venous blood for measurement of HPL in the supervision of pregnancies complicated
      by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 6822372
TI  - Regional variations in uterine blood flow in the guinea pig: relationship to
      pregnancy site distribution.
AB  - The alterations which occur in the total uterine blood flow (UBF) during early
      pregnancy in the guinea pig were determined using electromagnetic blood flow
      probes. Between days 4 and 6 postcoitum, UBF rose from basal levels of 1.2 ml/min
      to peak levels of 3.0 ml/min. The elevated levels corresponded temporally with
      the onset of blastocyst implantation. Between days 7 and 8, UBF declined to basal
      levels. In guinea pigs possessing three pregnancy sites per uterine horn on days
      10-20, obvious regional differences in UBF were observed. Consistently higher UBF
      measurements were monitored from uterine segmental arteries supplying the tubal
      and cervical thirds of the uterus than from those distributed to the middle third
      of the uterus. These data indicate that regional variations in UBF exist in the
      guinea pig which may be involved in the regulation of pregnancy site selection or
      subsequent placental-fetal growth.

PMID- 6822373
TI  - Cell-mediated immunocompetence of children exposed in utero to short- or long
      term action of glucocorticoids.
AB  - In the present study the in vitro sensitivity to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin,
      PHA, concanavalin A, Con A) and purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen of
      lymphocytes of children exposed in utero to short-term (n = 7) or long-term (over
      the whole pregnancy, n = 9) action of synthetic glucocorticoids was evaluated.
      Blood samples from these children and their age- and sex-matched controls were
      collected 3-4 and 3-10 years after delivery in the short-term and long-term
      exposure groups, respectively. After short- and long-term exposure to
      glucocorticoids the counts of all lymphocytes and alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase
      positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and the responses of T lymphocytes
      to mitogens or PPD antigen were similar in the subjects and their controls. The
      present data thus provide additional evidence of the safety of prenatal
      glucocorticoid prophylaxis for respiratory distress syndrome. Fetal lymphocytes
      also seem to be resistant to the extended action of exogenous glucocorticoids.

PMID- 6822374
TI  - Concanavalin A agglutinability and immunoadherent properties of rat blastocyst.
AB  - Preimplantation rat blastocysts were examined in vitro for concanavalin A
      agglutinability and antigenic properties on the 5th day of development after
      flushing and after 24 h in culture, following regional differentiation.
      Differences were found between the two trophoblastic cell populations with regard
      to cell membrane receptors to concanavalin A. Immunoadherence hemagglutination
      tests show that the early trophoblast possesses antigenic properties, which are
      similarly present in the mural and polar cells of the early preimplantation
      blastocyst. With later differentiation in vitro, differences can be found between
      the two trophoblastic cell populations with regard to detectable surface
      antigens.

PMID- 6822375
TI  - Cyanidanol: will a hepatotrophic drug from Europe go west?

PMID- 6822376
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic mitochondria in the monkey.
AB  - The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic mitochondrial morphology and
      histochemically measured succinic dehydrogenase activity was assessed. Five
      monkeys of the species Macaca radiata received a nutritionally adequate diet
      containing 50% of the calories as ethanol, while five others were pair-fed the
      same diet except that ethanol was isocalorically substituted by carbohydrate.
      Liver morphology was assessed at 12 and 24 months and at sacrifice after 40 to 48
      months of ethanol feeding. The ethanol-fed animals developed mild to moderate
      fatty liver as did some of the controls. No necrosis or fibrosis developed. All
      ethanol-fed animals developed centrilobolar megamitochondria and centrilobular
      "shift" in histochemically assayed succinic dehydrogenase activity characteristic
      of animals fed ethanol for prolonged periods. These mitochondrial changes
      persisted throughout the 48-month test period without progressive increase in
      severity or accompanying pathology. It is concluded that the morphologic and
      histochemically assessed mitochondrial changes do not necessarily represent a
      progressive destructive effect of ethanol.

PMID- 6822377
TI  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia. I. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management.
AB  - Differentiating intrahepatic cholestasis from extrahepatic biliary tract
      obstruction may be difficult. Four patients with intraoperative cholangiographic
      evidence of extrahepatic ductal atresia who underwent hepatoportoenterostomy are
      described. All were ultimately shown to have arteriohepatic dysplasia with
      hypoplastic but patent extrahepatic ductal systems. The difficulty in
      establishing an accurate diagnosis, hazards associated with
      hepatoportoenterostomy, and suggestions for evaluation and management are
      discussed.

PMID- 6822379
TI  - No-compromise design. Ideals sensitive to patients weather planning/budgeting
      process.

PMID- 6822380
TI  - The space challenge. Hospital juggles space redesign, uninterrupted patient care.

PMID- 6822378
TI  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia. II. Hepatobiliary morphology.
AB  - Five children were noted to have arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome)
      between 3 and 7 months of age. Prior to diagnosis, four underwent Kasai
      procedures after intraoperative cholangiograms failed to demonstrate patency of
      the extrahepatic bile ducts. In three patients, a focal proximal hypoplasia of
      the common hepatic duct was demonstrated with fibrosis and increased vascularity.
      Hypoplasia of the gallbladder occurred in two patients. Changes were observed in
      the porta hepatis. Eighty of 208 micrometers bile ducts were associated with
      peripherally located gland-like structures. These changes are indistinguishable
      from those in fibrous remnants of extrahepatic biliary atresia. Hepatic features
      of sequential liver biopsies obtained in the five patients were divided into
      early and late changes. From birth to 3 months of age, the pathology consisted of
      cholestasis and bile duct destruction. After 3 months of age, there was
      persistent cholestasis, paucity of interlobular bile ducts, and portal fibrosis.
      Ductular proliferation was not an intrinsic change. When present, it was related
      to a recent episode of cholangitis.

PMID- 6822381
TI  - Accurate estimating. Successful cost estimating is key when time is critical.

PMID- 6822382
TI  - Learning by listening. Employee input shapes $36 million hospital addition.

PMID- 6822383
TI  - Getting community input. Workshops help hospitals plan community participation
      for expansion.

PMID- 6822386
TI  - Resident experts. Controlled costs/accountability result from in-house aid.

PMID- 6822385
TI  - The obtrusive neighbor. Hospitals wanting to flourish need to win ongoing
      community support.

PMID- 6822387
TI  - The art of estimating. Accurate estimates depend on project quality and quantity.

PMID- 6822384
TI  - Predesign sets standards. HCA uses standardized design guidelines to cut time and
      costs.

PMID- 6822388
TI  - Redesign saves project. St. Joseph's hospital meets HSA-approved budget/fulfills
      space requirements.

PMID- 6822389
TI  - Playing Samaritan downtown. Hospital decides to rebuild to help revitalize
      downtown Phoenix.

PMID- 6822390
TI  - Expansion within bounds. Wrestling with space and budget limitations.

PMID- 6822391
TI  - Space takes time. Space programming process encourages user participation.

PMID- 6822392
TI  - Are nurse salary discussions a violation of antitrust laws?

PMID- 6822393
TI  - Relief from "busy work" adds confusion.

PMID- 6822394
TI  - Exclusive contracts for services: an antitrust risk?

PMID- 6822395
TI  - Bidding for hospitals.

PMID- 6822396
TI  - Chasing elusive competence.

PMID- 6822397
TI  - Tangling with tax law.

PMID- 6822398
TI  - Taking the staff's pulse.

PMID- 6822399
TI  - Effect of media composition on the induction of chorionic gonadotropin by sodium
      butyrate in HeLa cells.
AB  - Production of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit by HeLa cells and its
      induction by sodium butyrate are dependent on the choice of culture medium. Under
      identical growth conditions it was found that subunit synthesis in the presence
      of butyrate was highest in RPMI 1640, lowest in Medium 199 (M199), and
      intermediate in minimum essential medium (MEM) and Waymouth's MB 752/1. Cell
      growth was similar in all media examined and was retarded in the presence of
      butyrate. Alkaline phosphatase activity was also lower in M199 than in RPMI 1640,
      although, in general, the magnitude of this difference was less than that for the
      hormone subunit. Incorporation of [1-14C]butyrate by HeLa cells was similar in
      both M199 and RPMI 1640, indicating that uptake and metabolism of the fatty acid
      were not significantly different under these conditions. In the presence of 3 mM
      butyrate, mixtures of RPMI 1640 and M199 gave intermediate levels of alpha
      subunit and alkaline phosphatase compared to each medium alone. Intracellular
      levels of alpha-subunit as well as that of the culture medium were reduced in
      M199 compared to RPMI 1640 indicating that synthesis rather than secretion was
      altered.

PMID- 6822400
TI  - Hepatic uptake of small-latticed immune complexes does not alter mononuclear
      phagocyte system function.
AB  - The hepatic and splenic uptake of circulating, small-latticed immune complexes
      and the effect of these complexes on the hepatic mononuclear phagocyte system
      (MPS) were examined in mice. The small-latticed immune complexes were prepared at
      fifty-fold antigen excess. The clearance from circulation and uptake by the liver
      and spleen of two probes of MPS function, aggregated human IgG and aggregated
      mouse albumin, were quantified. The hepatic uptake of a dose of small-latticed
      complexes, containing 5 mg of antibodies, at 1 hr was comparable with the uptake
      of a similar dose of complexes that contained large-latticed complexes. At later
      time points, the hepatic uptake of the small complexes was significantly less
      than that of the larger complexes. The splenic uptake of the small-latticed
      complexes was less at all time points. Doses of the small-latticed complexes,
      ranging from 1 to 5 mg antibody in the complexes, produced no significant
      inhibition of the clearance or organ uptake of the MPS probes when administered 1
      hr after the preload injections. In contrast, large-latticed complexes produced a
      dose-dependent delay in clearance due to a decreased hepatic uptake of the
      probes. These observations showed that small-latticed immune complexes were
      ineffectively removed by the hepatic MPS and that the presence of large
      quantities of small-latticed complexes in circulation did not alter MPS function.

PMID- 6822401
TI  - Low ionic strength or chemical cross-linking of monomeric C3b increases its
      binding affinity to the human complement C3b receptor.
AB  - Quantitative studies of the interaction between a fragment of the third component
      of complement (C3b) and its receptor on human cells have been undertaken with a
      recently developed radioligand binding assay. Specific binding of fluid phase
      monomeric C3b was direct and saturable under low (mu = 0.0513) but not
      physiological (mu = 0.15) ionic strength. Dimeric C3b had a greater affinity for
      the C3b receptor at either ionic strength. Complexing of monomeric C3b with
      another protein (human IgG) did not result in increase in binding to human
      erythrocytes when compared with monomeric C3b alone. These data suggest that
      ionic forces are involved in C3b receptor-ligand interactions and that the stable
      C3b-receptor binding site is present in monomeric C3b. Furthermore they suggest
      that the greater affinity of dimeric or oligomeric C3b is a result of multimeric
      binding to preclustered C3b receptors. These findings provide an explanation for
      the relatively stable interaction of particle bound C3b and C3b receptor-bearing
      cells in the immune adherence reaction.

PMID- 6822402
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in mice: kinetics of induction.

PMID- 6822403
TI  - Induction of humoral immunity and pulmonary mast cells in mice and rats after
      immunization with aerosolized antigen.
AB  - Rats (BN X Wistar) and mice (CBA/Ca) were immunized by exposure in 10-day periods
      to an aerosol of ovalbumin (OA). In rats this immunization resulted in IgE
      antibodies detectable at very low levels in bronchial washings, whereas IgG, IgA
      and IgM antibodies were recorded both in serum and in bronchial washings. In
      mice, exposure to aerosolized antigen resulted in specific IgE and IgG antibodies
      in serum. The levels of IgM antibodies were low and no IgA antibodies could be
      recorded with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological
      examination of lung tissue from immunized rats and mice revealed increased
      numbers of cells with characteristics of both immature and mature mast cells. In
      addition, in the rats these cells were more closely located to the bronchi in
      immunized than in control animals. In the latter animals the mast cells were
      located around the blood vessels. Immature mast cells were located in the
      bronchiole-associated lymphatic tissue (BALT) which showed a marked proliferation
      in immunized animals. The findings indicate that sensitization via the airways
      provides possibilities to develop a model in rodents for studies of IgE-mediated
      allergy in the lung.

PMID- 6822404
TI  - Modification of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to ovalbumin in
      cyclosporin A-treated guinea-pigs.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (Cs A) administered daily (25 mg/kg per os) to outbred guinea-pigs
      for 2 weeks following immunization with ovalbumin (OVA; CsA 0-13) caused profound
      suppression of 14-day delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions. Very
      marked impairment of DTH was also found when Cs A was given for the first time 24
      hr before skin testing and at 6 and 24 hr thereafter. In contrast, Cs A given on
      days 0-4 following OVA immunization (Cs A 0-4) caused dose-related potentiation
      of 14-day skin responses. These changes in the magnitude and character of DTH in
      vivo were accompanied by striking alterations in lymphocyte transformation
      responses and in the extent of macrophage migration inhibition and lymphokine
      production. Whereas Cs A (0-13) caused almost total suppression of the mitogenic
      responses of lymph node cells to PHA and antigen, OVA-induced migration
      inhibition and production of the lymphokine inducing macrophage procoagulant
      activity (MPCA), Cs A (0-4) augmented these responses to OVA, but did not affect
      lymphocyte transformation or lymphokine production in response to mitogen. Strain
      13 guinea-pigs treated with Cs A (0-4) showed depressed Arthus, but augmented DTH
      responses to OVA. This significant increase in cell-mediated immunity could be
      passively transferred using spleen and peritoneal exudate cells, suggesting that
      under these circumstances Cs A (0-4) may interfere with the generation of a
      population of suppressor cells which regulate DTH reactions in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 6822405
TI  - Influence of dietary protein restriction on the delayed-type hypersensitivity
      response to sheep red blood cells in mice.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to sheep erythrocytes were studied in
      inbred C57BL/6 and outbred NMRI mice fed either protein-deficient diets
      containing 8% and 4% casein or a normal diet with 27% casein. Following
      sensitization with optimal doses of antigen, the magnitude of the response was
      similar in mice fed the 8% protein and the normal diet. Large numbers of sheep
      red blood cells which suppressed the delayed hypersensitivity response in normal
      mice, failed to inhibit this response in animals fed the 8% casein diet. However,
      the titres of serum haemagglutinins were similar in mice of either dietary group
      immunized with high doses of antigen. Sensitized spleen cells from deficient mice
      kept on the 8% casein diet, had lower suppressor capacity than those from normal
      mice upon transfer into syngeneic hosts. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was
      significantly depressed in mice fed the 4% protein diet whereas the titres of
      serum antibodies to sheep erythrocytes were not diminished.

PMID- 6822406
TI  - Cytophilic receptors for foreignness and some factors which influence
      phagocytosis by invertebrate leucocytes: in vitro phagocytosis by amoebocytes of
      the snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
AB  - By means of in vitro phagocytosis it was demonstrated that macrophage-like blood
      cells of an invertebrate (amoebocytes of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis)
      possess cytophilic receptors for foreignness. These receptors are lectin
      molecules which are reversibly bound to the surface of the cells. Phagocytosis is
      dependent, beyond recognition of foreignness, on temperature and pH, and on the
      feeding condition of the snails.

PMID- 6822407
TI  - IgM memory: long lived hapten-specific memory in the newt, Notophthalmus
      viridescens.

PMID- 6822408
TI  - Molecular distribution of preformed thyroglobulin immune complexes.
AB  - Thyroglobulin anti-thyroglobulin immune complexes with human antibodies from four
      patient sera were performed in a wide range of antigen: antibody ratios and run
      in 5%-40% sucrose gradients. The fractionation showed simple distributions of
      thyroglobulin molecules in immune complexes, especially in far antigen and far
      antibody excess. A computer simulation analysis which utilized the experimental
      presumptions and assumed an association constant in the order of 10(9), showed a
      large degree of similarity to the experimental results. Thus, a thermodynamically
      simple explanation of immune complex formation did not contradict the
      experimental thyroglobulin anti-thyroglobulin complex formation.

PMID- 6822410
TI  - Purification and quantitative chemical analysis of cell wall peptidoglycans of
      Leptotrichia buccalis.
AB  - Peptidoglycans of Leptotrichia buccalis ATCC 14201 and ATCC 19616 were isolated
      by extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent digestion of the sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-insoluble residue with proteases and alpha-amylase. Cell wall
      fractions obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction and protease digestion
      were highly contaminated by a glucose polymer. The polyglucose was removed by
      alpha-amylase treatment, and the peptidoglycans were left behind. Analyses with
      amino acids and amino sugars of the cell wall fractions and peptidoglycan
      specimens revealed that D-glutamic acid, D-alanine, L-alanine, meso-2,6
      diaminopimelic acid (A2pm), muramic acid, and glucosamine were the principal
      components. The dinitrophenylation method revealed that about half of the A2pm
      residue had a free amino group, and analysis by hydrazinolysis showed that a
      small part of alanine and A2pm was located at the C terminal. The above results
      indicate that one of the amino groups of the A2pm residue at one strand of the
      stem peptide subunit cross-linked to the carboxyl group of alanine of the
      neighboring strand. It was thus revealed that the peptidoglycans of L. buccalis
      belong to the A1 gamma type of the classification by Schleifer and Kandler
      (Bacteriol. Rev. 36:407-477).

PMID- 6822409
TI  - Evidence for reactive oxygen intermediates causing hemolysis and parasite death
      in malaria.
AB  - A rapid reduction in parasitemia associated with damage to intraerythrocytic
      parasites was observed in Plasmodium vinckei-infected mice after they had
      received a single intravenous injection of alloxan. This was not prevented by
      prior injection of glucose, but was prevented by desferrioxamine or
      diethyldithiocarbamate. Prior injection of propanol partially blocked the
      phenomenon. A transient hemolysis was observed in malaria-infected mice, but not
      in controls, after injection of alloxan. This was also blocked by
      desferrioxamine, but not by glucose. Both the fall in parasitemia and hemolysis
      occurred, but less dramatically, when phenylhydrazine or hydrogen peroxide was
      injected into parasitized mice. Again, the hemolysis was blocked by
      desferrioxamine. These observations are consistent with the parasite death and
      hemolysis being mediated by reactive oxygen species, possibly hydroxyl radicals,
      and have implications for our understanding of hemolysis, endothelial damage, and
      parasite suppression in acute malaria. Our evidence that malaria parasites are
      susceptible to free oxygen radicals supports the view that high intraerythrocytic
      oxidative stress may contribute to the high frequencies in malarial areas of
      genes for certain erythrocyte-related traits and suggests that some antimalarial
      drugs may suppress parasites partly through oxidative damage.

PMID- 6822411
TI  - Effect of quinonyl-N-acetyl muramyl dipeptide on immune responses in tumor
      bearing mice.
AB  - The efficacy of 6-O-QS-10-N-acetyl muramyl-L-valyl-D-isoglutamine methyl ester
      (quinonyl-MDP-66) for restoring impaired immune status was examined in mice
      bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Quinonyl-MDP-66 suspended in phosphate-buffered
      saline was shown to restore the depressed allogeneic cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      of spleen cells from mice with Lewis lung carcinoma when the chemical was
      injected twice intraperitoneally, intravenously, or intratumorally. However,
      primary tumor size and the numbers of lung metastases were not affected when
      quinonyl-MDP-66 was administered under the present experimental conditions.
      Intraperitoneal injection of quinonyl-MDP-66 in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma
      enhanced host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection.

PMID- 6822412
TI  - Eubacterium saburreum L13 antigen containing a ketohexose as a main sugar
      constituent.
AB  - A periodate-resistant antigen (PS L13) which contained ketohexose and glucose was
      isolated from the oral microorganism Eubacterium saburreum L13 by trypsin
      digestion and subsequent gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The
      ketohexose reacted as fructose would in colorimetric and chromatographic
      analyses, but not in gas-liquid chromatography. Rabbit antiserum to E. saburreum
      L13 agglutinated the bacteria and contained precipitins of the immunoglobulin G
      class specific for PS L13.

PMID- 6822413
TI  - Characterization of plasmids in bacterial fish pathogen.
AB  - Plasmid profiles of representative fish pathogens, Aeromonas salmonicida,
      Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Pasteurella piscicida, Yersinia
      ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda, and Renibacterium salmoninarum, were determined by
      agarose gel electrophoresis with four different plasmid detection methods. A
      combination of two methods was required to detect the plasmids present in these
      strains and to calculate precisely the molecular weights of the plasmids. Of 38
      strains, 28 harbored one or more plasmids, with the majority of strains
      demonstrating multiplasmid banding. Similarity in plasmid banding between strains
      was noted and related to geographic source. Five strains of A. salmonicida
      possessed six plasmid bands having molecular weights of 8.6 X 10(6), 8.4 X 10(6),
      8.1 X 10(6), 3.6 X 10(6), 3.5 X 10(6), and 3.4 X 10(6). Four P. piscicida
      isolates shared three plasmid bands having molecular weights of 37 X 10(6), 15 X
      10(6), and 5 X 10(6), and five A. hydrophila strains harbored a common plasmid
      having a molecular weight of ca. 20 X 10(6) to 30 X 10(6). The highest-molecular
      weight plasmids (145 X 10(6) and 130 X 10(6) were detected in V. anguillarum.
      From curing experiments, it was found that in A. hydrophila strain 79-62, a loss
      of resistance to tetracycline was associated with loss of plasmid content in all
      susceptible derivatives, suggesting plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance.
      Cell surface characteristics and metabolic properties were also modified in cured
      derivatives of A. hydrophila strain 79-62.

PMID- 6822414
TI  - Influence of endotoxin treatment on dexamethasone induction of hepatic
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
AB  - Decreased glucocorticoid binding has been observed at a time after endotoxin (3
      to 6 h) when imparied liver enzyme induction is known to occur. This study was
      undertaken to characterize the early time course of hypoglycemia and decreased
      liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity in intact and
      adrenalectomized mice given endotoxin. In addition, altered steroid induction of
      hepatic PEPCK was examined in adrenalectomized mice given dexamethasone at
      intervals before and after a median lethal dose of endotoxin. Intact mice
      demonstrated a dramatic hyperglycemia at 1 h after endotoxin treatment, a
      response absent in adrenalectomized mice. Plasma glucose levels were
      significantly reduced from control values at 3 and 6 h posttreatment, with the
      most pronounced endotoxin-induced hypoglycemia seen in adrenalectomized mice.
      Hepatic PEPCK activity in intact mice given endotoxin was decreased at 3 and 6 h
      after treatment, although no change from basal, noninduced levels was seen in
      poisoned adrenalectomized mice. The increased increment in hepatic PEPCK activity
      due to fasting of intact control mice was reproduced in adrenalectomized control
      mice by the administration of dexamethasone. Furthermore, the induction of
      hepatic PEPCK by dexamethasone was inhibited by 1 h after endotoxin treatment,
      with enzyme activity falling to basal, noninduced levels by 6 h posttreatment. At
      these same time intervals after endotoxin treatment, no evidence of
      histopathology in the liver or adrenal glands was seen. These results coincide
      with changes in steroid binding seen previously and indicate that endotoxin
      treatment produces significant alterations in glucocorticoid action at the
      subcellular or molecular level.

PMID- 6822415
TI  - Maturation in vivo of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula after culture in vitro
      with granulocytes and antibody.
AB  - Seven experiments were carried out to test the relationship between the
      morphological assay for damage to schistosomula in vitro with toluidine blue and
      the loss of the ability of damaged organisms to mature in vivo. Schistosomula
      were prepared by penetration of rat skin and cultured for 12 to 38 h in the
      presence of various combinations of purified human eosinophils or neutrophils and
      heat-inactivated human antischistosomular serum. Samples were scored for
      microscopically detectable damage, and the remaining organisms were injected
      intravenously into normal mice. These mice were perfused after 5.5 to 7 weeks,
      and the recovery of adult worms was determined. After culture of schistosomula in
      medium alone, between 8.4 and 32.7% of injected organisms matured into adult
      worms. There was no significant difference in the capacity of freshly prepared
      and cultured schistosomula to mature in vivo. Schistosomula cultured with
      antibody alone showed no significant damage in vitro, and in only one of seven
      experiments was there a significant (35%) reduction compared with the medium
      controls in their capacity to mature in vivo. Schistosomula cultured with
      neutrophils alone or eosinophils alone showed no significant damage in vitro and
      no loss of viability in vivo. Schistosomula cultured with neutrophils and
      antibody showed a 28% reduction in recovery in one experiment but an increase in
      recovery (12 and 46%) in two other experiments. In contrast, schistosomula
      cultured with eosinophils and antibody showed evidence of both marked damage in
      vitro (22 to 93% dead organisms) and loss of viability in vivo (26 to 98%
      reduction in recovery) in all seven experiments. These findings justify the use
      of the toluidine blue morphological assay as an estimate of irreversible damage
      to schistosomula and confirm that human eosinophils and neutrophils differ
      markedly in their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent damage in vitro.

PMID- 6822416
TI  - Concentration-dependent multiple binding sites on saliva-treated hydroxyapatite
      for Streptococcus sanguis.
AB  - The influence of bacterial cell concentration on estimates of the number of
      binding sites and the affinity for the adsorption of a strain of Streptococcus
      sanguis to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite was determined, and the possible
      presence of multiple binding sites for this organism was tested. The range of
      concentrations of available bacteria varied from 4.7 x 10(6) to 5,960 x 10(6)
      cells per ml. The numbers of adsorbed bacteria increased over the entire range
      tested, but a suggestion of a break in an otherwise smooth adsorption isotherm
      was evident. Values for the number of binding sites and the affinity varied
      considerably depending upon the range of available bacterial concentrations used
      to estimate them; high correlation coefficients were obtained in all cases. The
      use of low bacterial cell concentrations yielded lower values for the number of
      sites and much higher values for the affinity constant than did the use of high
      bacterial cell concentrations. When data covering the entire range of bacterial
      concentrations were employed, values for the number of sites and the affinity
      were similar to those obtained by using only high bacterial cell concentrations.
      The simplest explanation for these results is that there are multiple binding
      sites for S. sanguis on saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces. When present in
      low concentration, the streptococci evidently attach to more specific high
      affinity sites which become saturated when higher bacterial concentrations are
      employed. The possibility of multiple binding sites was substantiated by
      comparing estimates of the adsorption parameters from a computer-simulated
      isotherm with those derived from the experimentally generated isotherm. A
      mathematical model describing bacterial adsorption to binary binding sites was
      further evidence for the existence of at least two classes of binding sites for
      S. sanguis. Far fewer streptococci adsorbed to experimental pellicles prepared
      from saliva depleted of bacterial aggregating activity when low numbers of
      streptococci were used, but the magnitude of this difference was considerably
      less when high streptococcal concentrations were employed. This suggests an
      association between salivary components which possess bacterial-aggregating
      activity and bacterial adsorption to high-affinity specific binding sites on
      saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces.

PMID- 6822417
TI  - Evidence of a soluble substrate for the receptor-destroying enzyme of influenza C
      virus.
AB  - Influenza C virus contains a hemagglutinin and a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE)
      whose specificities remain undetermined. In rat serum, there is a molecule that
      binds specifically to C virus, inhibiting its hemagglutinin. The complex between
      C virus and the rat serum inhibitor (RSI) was determined to be stable at 4
      degrees C, but was disrupted within 20 to 90 min at 23 or 37 degrees C. Virus
      emerged from the complex with numerous functions intact, whereas the RSI at this
      point was inactivated, i.e., incapable of further inhibitory reactions with C
      virus. RSI could not be inactivated at these temperatures by nonviral components
      of allantoic fluid of infected chicken embryos; however, RSI inactivation was
      achieved by preparations of sucrose gradient-purified virus. Neutralization of
      viral hemagglutination activity with antiviral antibody protected the RSI from
      inactivation. RSI inactivation occurred at temperatures at which the viral RDE
      was active, and inhibition of viral RDE by periodate treatment sharply reduced
      the ability of virus to inactivate the RSI. One interpretation of the data
      suggests that RSI is a receptor analog reactive with both the hemagglutinin and
      RDE of C virus and that RSI inactivation is an assay of influenza C viral RDE.

PMID- 6822418
TI  - Hyperthermic enhancement of serum antimicrobial activity: mechanism by which
      fever might exert a beneficial effect on the outcome of gram-negative sepsis.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated heightened antibiotic activity at temperatures at
      the upper end of the physiological range. In the present studies we examined the
      effect of physiological variations in temperature on the antibacterial activity
      of antibiotic-free pooled human serum by comparing serum minimal inhibitory and
      bactericidal titers for gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains at 33,
      37, and 41 degrees C. We observed a progressive rise in both minimal inhibitory
      and minimal bactericidal titers with temperature for all classes of gram-negative
      bacilli studied. However, gram-positive cocci were generally resistant to serum,
      even at the highest experimental temperature. Bacterial strains adapted to growth
      at temperatures normally encountered on body surfaces were more susceptible to
      the enhancing effect of hyperthermia on serum inhibition than were strains
      adapted to 37 degrees C. In addition, in vitro adaptation of one bacterial strain
      to different temperatures within the physiological range resulted in readily
      apparent variations in colonial morphology. These in vitro observations indicate
      that serum antibacterial activity and bacterial morphology may vary in response
      to minor changes in either the temperature to which bacteria are adapted before
      examination or the temperature of the assay system. If similar principles operate
      in vivo, hyperthermically augmented serum antimicrobial activity might represent
      one mechanism by which fever exerts a beneficial effect on the outcome of gram
      negative sepsis.

PMID- 6822419
TI  - Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic shock
      syndrome, using polyethylene infection chambers in rabbits.
AB  - Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
      were compared with non-TSS strains of S. aureus with respect to their virulence
      in rabbits. When the organisms were injected into subcutaneous chambers
      (perforated polyethylene golf balls) to assess virulence, a rapid mortality was
      observed with TSS but not with non-TSS strains. Of 16 TSS strains, 11 caused
      lethal infections in 33 rabbits tested, and none of the 5 control strains caused
      mortality in 10 rabbits. This evidence of enhanced virulence associated with TSS
      strains did not appear to be associated with the size of the inoculum. In
      addition, strains which produced lethal infections appeared to do so despite a
      reduction in the size of the original inoculum during the first 24 h. All of the
      TSS strains and none of the non-TSS strains elaborated extracellular protein(s)
      with a neutral pI when grown in a dialyzed beef heart medium. No other
      physiological difference was noted between the TSS and non-TSS strains.

PMID- 6822420
TI  - Experimental model for dermal granulomatous hypersensitivity in Q fever.
AB  - Q fever has been associated with granulomatous changes in clinical biopsy
      material obtained from liver and bone marrow. Local reactions to skin testing
      have been described in previously sensitized humans, but histological studies of
      such reactions have not been reported. We note that delayed hypersensitivity
      reactions to whole-cell phase I Q fever vaccine in immunized guinea pigs have a
      time course of development of induration characteristic of granulomatous
      hypersensitivity. Histological examination of such skin reactions on day 9 after
      testing revealed epithelioid cell infiltration and the presence of large numbers
      of multinucleated giant cells. Prominent in the sections were fragments of
      disintegrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes having the appearance of
      leukocytoclasis. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the presence of
      epithelioid changes in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series, as well as
      extensive collagen deposition. This animal system affords a readily reproducible
      model of dermal granulomatous hypersensitivity and an opportunity to analyze the
      immunological basis of this reaction.

PMID- 6822421
TI  - Localization of complement component 3 on Streptococcus pneumoniae: anti-capsular
      antibody causes complement deposition on the pneumococcal capsule.
AB  - We have previously shown that complement component 3 (C3) deposited onto
      encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by anti-capsular antibody (Ab) is a more
      efficient opsonin in vitro and in vivo than C3 deposited by anti-cell wall Ab
      (Brown et al., J. Clin. Invest. 69:85-98, 1982). In the present study, we
      explored the cellular location of C3b molecules that differ in opsonic efficiency
      by using avidin-ferritin to localize biotinylated Ab and C3 molecules on S.
      pneumoniae for electron microscopy. Anti-cell wall Ab and C3b molecules deposited
      by this Ab on unencapsulated S. pneumoniae were localized to S. pneumoniae cell
      walls. Anti-capsular Ab and C3b deposited by this Ab were seen in clusters on
      encapsulated S. pneumoniae at a distance from the cell wall. However, no avidin
      ferritin staining of encapsulated S. pneumoniae was seen on incubation with
      biotinyl-anti-cell wall Ab, biotinylated C3 fixed by anti-cell wall Ab, or
      nonimmune serum containing biotinyl-C3. In each case, uptake of the biotinylated
      component was proven by radioactivity measurements, since biotinylated Ab and C3
      were also radiolabeled with 125I. When avidin-ferritin did not bind to
      biotinylated components. Ouchterlony analysis indicated that C3 was bound to cell
      wall components on the encapsulated organisms. Thus, we conclude that, for
      encapsulated S. pneumoniae, opsonically efficient C3b molecules, deposited by
      anti-capsular Ab, are located on the S. pneumoniae capsule, whereas the
      opsonically inefficient C3b molecules deposited by anti-cell wall Ab or nonimmune
      serum are located on the cell wall. A major reason for the increased virulence of
      encapsulated compared to unencapsulated S. pneumoniae is that, in the absence of
      anti-capsular Ab, the S. pneumoniae capsule interferes with the recognition of
      cell wall-bound C3b molecules by phagocytic cell receptors.

PMID- 6822422
TI  - Non-cariogenicity of the disaccharide palatinose in experimental dental caries of
      rats.
AB  - The caries-inducing activity of palatinose (isomaltulose, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl
      1,6-fructose) was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing it with
      other carbohydrates. When Streptococcus mutans was successively subcultured in a
      broth medium containing 1% palatinose, the strains belonging to serotype a, d, or
      g did not ferment palatinose, whereas the strains belonging to serotype b, c, e,
      or f did ferment palatinose. Furthermore, palatinose significantly inhibited the
      synthesis of insoluble glucan from sucrose by S. mutans. Specific-pathogen-free
      rats which had been infected with S. mutans 6715 and fed a diet containing 56%
      palatinose did not develop significant dental caries. However, rats infected
      similarly, but fed a diet containing sucrose, glucose, fructose, or a glucose
      fructose mixture manifested significant caries when compared with the
      noninfected, sucrose-fed control rats. Furthermore, it was found that replacement
      of half of the sucrose content with palatinose resulted in decreased caries
      development compared with caries development in rats fed the sucrose diet.

PMID- 6822423
TI  - Transformation of human erythrocyte shape by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Human erythrocytes were observed to undergo a discocyte to echinocyte to
      spheroechinocyte shape transformation during brief incubation with endotoxic
      lipopolysaccharide. It was concluded that lipopolysaccharide-membrane
      interactions alter the curvature of erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 6822426
TI  - Possible chemotaxis of human monocytes by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D
      isoglutamine.
AB  - N-Acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine (MDP) induced the chemotaxis of human
      blood monocytes without mediation of serum complement. Specificity (dependency on
      chemical structure) of the chemotactic activity of MDP was evidenced by a
      negligible activity of analogs lacking most of the immunomodulating activities of
      MDP.

PMID- 6822424
TI  - Toxicity of staphylococcal alpha toxin for rabbit alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Highly purified staphylococcal alpha toxin was toxic in vitro for rabbit alveolar
      macrophages. Cytotoxicity, manifested by loss of the ability to exclude trypan
      blue dye and by morphological evidence of cell necrosis and lysis, was observed
      after exposure for 4 h to 1 microgram of toxin preparation per ml and after
      exposure for 8 h to 0.1 microgram of toxin per ml. In addition, exposure to toxin
      under conditions which did not kill more than 10% of the cells (1 microgram/ml
      for 1.5 to 2 h) significantly reduced the phagocytic activity of the cells and
      their ability to respond to an activator of hexose monophosphate shunt activity.

PMID- 6822425
TI  - Influence of growth conditions on adherence of Streptococcus mutans ingbritt to
      saliva-coated hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown under standardized conditions adhered less
      effectively to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads than did Streptococcus sanguis
      G9B, and there was competition for binding. The results with Ingbritt were
      influenced by the generation time, the pH of growth, and the carbohydrate source
      as shown by studies on organisms grown in continuous culture.

PMID- 6822427
TI  - Immunochemical properties of the major outer membrane protein of Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - Antisera to the major outer membrane protein of Vibrio cholerae (molecular
      weight, 48,000) raised in rabbits (i) agglutinated several strains of V. cholerae
      and (ii) immunoprecipitated outer membrane proteins prepared from both the
      biotypes and serotypes of V. cholerae. Antibodies of all isotypes to the major
      outer membrane protein were detected in immune human sera by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. These results suggest that the major outer membrane protein
      was the common outer membrane antigen of V. cholerae which was immunogenic in
      humans.

PMID- 6822428
TI  - Killing of blood-stage murine malaria parasites by hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Both nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii and lethal Plasmodium berghei were killed in
      vitro by hydrogen peroxide at concentrations as low as 10(-5) M. Higher
      concentrations were required in the presence of added normal erythrocytes.
      Injection of hydrogen peroxide in vivo significantly reduced P. yoelii
      parasitemia but had less effect on P. berghei.

PMID- 6822429
TI  - Serotype-specific protection against Treponema hyodysenteriae infection in
      ligated colonic loops of pigs recovered from swine dysentery.
AB  - Resistance to Treponema hyodysenteriae (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) infection was
      evaluated in ligated colonic loops in pigs recovered from swine dysentery.
      Lesions were present in most loops from recovered swine inoculated with
      heterologous serotypes; however, lesions were not present in loops of recovered
      swine inoculated with homologous serotypes.

PMID- 6822430
TI  - Humoral immune response in acquired immunity to chlamydial genital infection of
      female guinea pigs.
AB  - Immunity to reinfection in the genital tract of female guinea pigs with the agent
      of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis was found to be dependent upon an intact
      humoral immune response. Cell-mediated immunity in the absence of humoral
      immunity had no apparent role in resistance to challenge infection.

PMID- 6822431
TI  - Lipid A in anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The ability of lipid A preparations from strains of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium,
      and Veillonella to inhibit the lipid A-anti-lipid A reaction in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was tested. Anti-lipid A serum was prepared with lipid A from
      Salmonella minnesota R595, and lipid A from Escherichia coli EH100 was used as
      control antigen. Preparations from three of four different species of Bacteroides
      were unable to inhibit the anti-lipid A activity, whereas lipid A preparations
      from Fusobacterium and Veillonella strains inhibited 50% of the activity at 1 to
      141 micrograms. One of the Bacteroides strains, Bacteroides oralis, showed a very
      weak inhibiting activity at the highest concentration used. The results confirm
      that Bacteroides species have a unique lipopolysaccharide structure, in contrast
      to other anaerobic genera which have a lipopolysaccharide structure similar to
      that of the Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 6822432
TI  - Serum resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica expressed in absence of other
      virulence markers.
AB  - Serum resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica after growth at 37 and 25 degrees C
      appears to be specific for serogroup O:3 and appears to be expressed even in the
      absence of other phenotypic virulence-associated markers, such as the presence of
      V antigen, autoagglutination, and calcium dependency after growth at 37 degrees
      C.

PMID- 6822433
TI  - Coccidioides immitis vaccine: potential of an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell
      wall antigen.
AB  - C-ASWS-M, the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen of Coccidioides
      immitis mycelia, was evaluated for its vaccine potential in mice. Vaccination
      with 0.5-, 1.5-, or 3-mg doses of C-ASWS-M in complete Freund adjuvant provided a
      significant level of protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 1,500
      arthroconidia (P < 0.0001 with each dose). Vaccination with 1 mg of C-ASWS-M
      protected mice against intranasal challenge with 50 (P < 0.05) and 500 (P < 0.01)
      arthroconidia, but not against intranasal challenge with 1,500 arthroconidia (P >
      0.05).

PMID- 6822434
TI  - Suppression of murine lymphocyte mitogen responses by exopolysaccharide from
      Capnocytophaga ochracea.
AB  - An extracellular polysaccharide was purified from culture supernatants of
      Capnocytophaga ochracea 25, a gram-negative bacillus associated with human
      periodontal disease. The extracellular polysaccharide suppressed in vitro
      mitogenic responses of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A and
      lipopolysaccharide. This suppression wad dose dependent, persisted up to 120 h,
      and was not caused by direct toxicity of the extracellular polysaccharide.

PMID- 6822435
TI  - Turnover in the transferrin iron pool during the hypoferremic phase of
      experimental Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice.
AB  - Mouse transferrin was used to specifically label the plasma transferrin iron pool
      for studies of iron kinetics in normal mice and infected mice during the
      hypoferremic phase of experimental meningococcal infection. The plasma
      transferrin iron pool of normal mice was found to be very dynamic, with a half
      life of iron in the pool of 0.7 h. Iron left the plasma pool, entered the bone
      marrow, and was released into the blood in erythrocytes. Iron from the
      transferrin pool also entered the liver and spleen and was presumably in the
      reticuloendothelial system components of these organs. Most of the iron that had
      been supplied as transferrin iron was found in erythrocytes by 48 h after
      injection. Studies with mice infected with Neisseria meningitidis strain M1011
      revealed similar kinetics for transferrin iron. There was no redistribution of
      iron within the various iron pools as a result of infection. Iron turnover in the
      plasma transferrin pool during the hypoferremic phase was similar to control
      rates, and iron leaving the pool entered its normal erythroid compartments. The
      lack of accelerated turnover of plasma iron and the finding that plasma iron was
      not rerouted to storage compartments during the hypoferremic phase provided good
      evidence that lactoferrin and leukocytic endogenous mediator were not directly
      involved in redirecting transferrin iron. Our evidence has implicated an impaired
      return of reticuloendothelial system-processed iron to the transferrin pool
      during the hypoferremic response. This appears to be a logical point in the
      erythroid iron cycle for host-mediated iron sequestration, as the
      reticuloendothelial system is involved in iron storage and may regulate iron
      levels in the plasma transferrin pool under normal conditions.

PMID- 6822437
TI  - Lymphocyte receptors for human erythrocytes in newborn infants and adults.
      Expression on fresh and lectin-stimulated cells.
AB  - Lymphocyte receptors for human erythrocytes (HRBC) have been demonstrated by an
      optimized technique using neuraminidase-treated HRBC and high-protein diluent.
      Mean values of 55 and 50% reactive lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood
      of newborn infants and adult donors, respectively. The HRBC receptor was labile
      under tissue culture conditions in vitro, in contrast to the receptors for sheep
      erythrocytes, Fc of IgG, and complement. Short-term culturing of lymphocytes with
      T cell mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A) increased the proportion of
      HRBC-receptor-bearing lymphocytes. Pokeweed mitogen, being mainly a B cell
      stimulator, was less effective in activating lymphocytes to resynthesize the
      receptor. It is concluded that the HRBC receptor is probably not a stable marker
      for a single subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. During the first week of life,
      the HRBC receptor is expressed on at least the same proportion of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes as in adults.

PMID- 6822438
TI  - Production of two lymphocyte chemotactic factors by antigen-stimulated guinea pig
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Lymph node cells from guinea pigs sensitized by BCG elaborated two chemotactic
      factors for lymphocytes when stimulated with purified protein derivative in vitro
      4 weeks after immunization. Production of the factors occurred within 24 h of
      incubation. The two factors were termed alpha- and beta-lymphocyte chemotactic
      factors (alpha-LCF, beta-LCF), relative to their elution order on gel
      chromatography. The molecular weights were about 160,000 and 27,000,
      respectively. alpha-LCF was labile to heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Both
      factors were sensitive to digestion by trypsin, and were effective for T cells
      but not for B cells.

PMID- 6822436
TI  - Viral hemorrhagic septicemia of rainbow trout: relation between the G polypeptide
      and antibody production in protection of the fish after infection with the F25
      attenuated variant.
AB  - A nonpathogenic variant of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus has been selected
      which immunizes fish against a subsequent challenge with the wild-type virus
      strain. In this paper, we demonstrate that both the variant and the wild-type
      virus strains multiplied in spleen and kidney of infected fish, but the virus
      yield was lower for the variant and soon dropped below the sensitivity of our
      titration technique, which indicates that an early mechanism prevents the
      establishment of septicemia. This early mechanism could also be responsible for
      early protection since fish were already immunized 48 h postinfection with the
      variant. In a second step antibodies relayed that first defence mechanism to
      ensure long-lasting immunity. Antisera collected after immunization by the
      variant or the wild-type virus strain cross-reacted poorly in neutralization
      tests, which is in agreement with results obtained with plant lectins and proves
      that the variant is modified in its antigenic properties.

PMID- 6822440
TI  - HLA-related lymphocyte responsiveness in psoriasis.
AB  - In order to find associations among the genetic, immunological and environmental
      factors that might be important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the
      relationship between streptococcal antigen- or mitogen-induced lymphocyte
      responses in vitro and HLA phenotypes was studied in 23 patients with psoriasis.
      Patients showed an elevated lymphocyte response to somatic A-streptococcal
      antigens when compared with healthy controls. In contrast, the response to
      mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM) was impaired in patients with psoriasis. The impaired
      mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation was found mostly in psoriatics with HLA
      B13/B17. The elevated cellular immune response to somatic A-streptococcal
      antigens, on the other hand, was observed mainly in psoriatics without HLA
      B13/B17. The results indicate that gene products of the HLA region known to be
      associated with psoriasis are involved in the cellular immune response, as
      expected from clinical trials. These findings also provide further evidence of at
      least two different subtypes of psoriasis, characterized by genetically and
      immunologically defined markers.

PMID- 6822439
TI  - Detection and characterization of polymers in cephalothin by passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis in mice.
AB  - Immunization of BALB/c mice by repeated injections of cephalothin (CET) - Ascaris
      suum extract conjugate resulted in formation of IgE antibodies, which were able
      to sensitize syngeneic animals for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). By means
      of high-pressure liquid chromatography, a fraction with extremely high PCA
      eliciting activity, but without appreciable antimicrobial activity, was isolated
      from the CET preparation. Physicochemical analyses of the fraction identified the
      major component of polymer impurities as being a proteinaceous complex with a
      molecular weight of 6,580. Very little cross-reactivity of CET and potassium
      benzyl penicillin (PcG) was noted when these antibiotics were used as the
      challenge antigens for PCA induced by corresponding murine antisera. The results
      of the inhibition studies indicated, however, that at least two antigens were
      involved in the PCA induced by anti-CET antibodies, one strictly specific for CET
      and another shared by PcG. Evidence was also presented that the nucleus structure
      and acyl side-chain structure of CET play the major role in the PCA elicited by
      the challenge with CET and its polymer, respectively.

PMID- 6822441
TI  - Decrease of E and EA but not EAC rosette formation after incubation of blood
      lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated in autologous cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) for between 5 and 60 min at
      37 degrees C. Incubation in CSF caused an increase in cell death as measured by
      trypan blue inclusion. Incubation in CSF also resulted in a decreased percentage
      of E and EA rosette-forming cells (RFC)--but not of EAC-RFC--as compared with
      preincubation levels. Incubation in HBSS did not cause significant changes in
      rosette formation. Although incubation in CSF resulted in decreased E and EA
      rosette formation by PBL, lymphocytes isolated from CSF showed increased E and
      EAC rosette formation as compared with PBL.

PMID- 6822442
TI  - Trance-inductive poetry: a brief communication.

PMID- 6822443
TI  - The use of hypnotic dreaming in the treatment of the borderline patient: some
      thoughts on resistance and transitional phenomena.

PMID- 6822444
TI  - The Creative Imagination Scale: group norms for children and adolescents.

PMID- 6822445
TI  - The influence of experimentally induced expectations on responses to the Harvard
      Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

PMID- 6822446
TI  - Proactive interference and the functional ablation hypothesis: more
      disconfirmatory data.

PMID- 6822447
TI  - Relationship between two different types of imagery vividness questionnaire items
      and three Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale factors: a brief communication.

PMID- 6822449
TI  - With two heads you can think twice--relations in the language of madness.

PMID- 6822450
TI  - Communication through poetry in the therapy of a schizophrenic patient.

PMID- 6822448
TI  - The determination of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenols in wadden sediment
      and clams (Mya arenaria) using triethylsulfonium hydroxide for extraction and
      pyrolytic ethylation.
AB  - A method to determine the concentration of pentachlorophenol and
      tetrachlorophenols in wadden sediments and clams is described. This method
      involves the extraction of lyophilized specimens with toluene under acidic
      conditions and the back extraction of the chlorophenols into a methanol/water
      solution of triethylsulfonium hydroxide. Upon injection of the methanol/water
      phase into the gaschromatograph a pyrolytic ethylation is performed and the
      ethylethers of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenols formed thereby are
      separated in quartz capillary columns and detected by an electron capture
      detector. Using tribromophenol as internal standard the recovery rates for the
      chlorophenols were within the range of 76.7 and 98.8%. The method described does
      not require any evaporation or chromatographic clean-up steps. The detection
      limit was found to be 2 nmol/kg (approximately 500 ng/kg) for sediment and 0.1
      mumol/kg (approximately 25 micrograms/kg) for clams. Its accuracy was verified by
      gaschromatography-mass spectrometry experiments.

PMID- 6822451
TI  - Cognitive, affective and physiologic changes in the depressive process.

PMID- 6822452
TI  - Emergence and time in microgenetic theory.

PMID- 6822453
TI  - Creativity, articulation, and psychotherapy.

PMID- 6822454
TI  - Psychotherapy with schizotypal borderline patients.

PMID- 6822455
TI  - License revocation and entrapment.

PMID- 6822456
TI  - Veterinary anesthesia update.

PMID- 6822457
TI  - Tylenol poisoning in the cat.

PMID- 6822458
TI  - Regulation of protein intake in adult dogs.
AB  - To determine whether adult dogs are able to regulate their intake of protein, 2
      year-old female Beagles were allowed self-selection from 2 diets that differed in
      concentration of protein. Such a feeding regimen permitted the dogs to select for
      protein without affecting energy intake. Within the 1st week of the 4-week study,
      the dogs had established their pattern of protein intake. They selected
      approximately 30% of metabolizable energy from protein. Adult female rats offered
      the same diets also selected 30% of metabolizable energy from protein. The
      results indicated that adult dogs are able to regulate protein and energy intake.

PMID- 6822460
TI  - Nonsurgical removal of uroliths from the urethra of female dogs.

PMID- 6822459
TI  - Radiocolloid scintigraphy as an aid to the diagnosis of congenital portacaval
      anomalies in the dog.
AB  - Five clinically normal dogs and 5 dogs in which portacaval anomalies were
      diagnosed angiographically were utilized to evaluate differences in the
      appearance of the radiocolloid liver scan between the 2 groups. The liver was
      clearly visualized in all dogs, allowing subjective evaluation of size. In the
      dogs with portacaval shunts, scintigraphy revealed an obviously small liver as
      well as pulmonary uptake of radiocolloid. The utility of this technique was then
      tested in a group of dogs with liver disease and was shown to be of value in
      differentiating dogs with primary portacaval shunts from other types of liver
      disease.

PMID- 6822461
TI  - Valved apico-aortic conduit for relief of left ventricular hypertension caused by
      discrete subaortic stenosis in dogs.
AB  - A double-outlet left ventricle (LV), with a valved conduit interposed between the
      LV apex and the aorta, was created in 7 dogs with subaortic stenosis. Of 8 dogs
      in which the implantation was attempted, 1 died following thoracotomy but before
      conduit implantation could be performed, 1 died from hemorrhage 24 hours after
      surgery, 1 died from septicemia as a sequel to pneumonia 10 days after surgery, 1
      died from "shock-lung" 4 days after surgery, and 4 were functionally normal 22,
      12, 6, and 2 months after surgery. In the 7 dogs in which the implantation was
      completed, the mean LV to aorta (LV-Ao) pressure gradient was significantly (P
      less than 0.01) reduced by the implantation. Diastolic and systolic murmurs were
      detected over the prosthetic valve area in 3 of the 4 surviving dogs 1 to 4 days
      postoperatively, but the murmurs gradually decreased in intensity until they
      disappeared after 1 month. The 4 survivors had no angiographic evidence of
      prosthetic valve insufficiency at 2 months or at 1 year. In 3 of the survivors,
      the LV-Ao pressure gradients 2 months postoperatively were 45, 20, and 0 mm of
      Hg, as compared with 120, 90, and 50 mm of Hg preoperatively. Postoperative
      pressure measurements were not obtained on 1 surviving dog.

PMID- 6822462
TI  - Myasthenia gravis in two cats.
AB  - A case of the autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis and a case of what is probably
      a congenital form of myasthenia gravis were diagnosed in 2 unrelated cats.
      Neuromuscular weakness exacerbated by exercise was a prominent feature in both
      cats. Weakness was eliminated temporarily by administration of anticholinesterase
      drugs. Serum autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle were
      present in the 1st cat and were not detected in the 2nd cat. A characteristic
      decrement in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential during
      repetitive stimulation of the motor nerve was elicited in the 2nd cat. There was
      marked electromyographic improvement in response to anticholinesterase drugs.
      Electromyography was not performed in the 1st cat.

PMID- 6822463
TI  - Live rabies vaccine.

PMID- 6822464
TI  - Toxicosis in cats from use of benzyl alcohol in lactated Ringer's solution.

PMID- 6822466
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol-induced alopecia in a dog.

PMID- 6822465
TI  - Aortic thrombosis and unilateral hydronephrosis associated with leiomyosarcoma in
      a cat.

PMID- 6822467
TI  - Diskospondylitis and multifocal osteomyelitis in two dogs.

PMID- 6822468
TI  - Paradoxic vestibular syndrome associated with choroid plexus papilloma in a dog.

PMID- 6822469
TI  - Visceral myiasis caused by Musca domestica in a cat.

PMID- 6822470
TI  - Doxorubicin therapy in the dog.

PMID- 6822471
TI  - Bilateral retroperitoneal perirenal cysts.

PMID- 6822472
TI  - Pleomorphism and acetylene-reducing activity of free-living rhizobia.
AB  - Cowpea-type Rhizobium sp. strain 32H1 and Rhizobium japonicum USDA 26 and 110
      grown on a glutamate-mannitol-gluconate agar medium showed increases in the
      number of pleomorphic cells coincident with their acetylene-reducing activity.
      Pleomorphs appeared to be inhibited in growth nonuniformly, because acetylene
      reducing cultures were mixtures of rod, branched (V, Y, and T), and other
      irregularly shaped cells. In contrast, strain USDA 10 consistently failed to
      reduce acetylene, even though it also could grow and yield pleomorphic cells
      under various conditions. With minimal inhibitory supplements (5 micrograms per
      ml of medium) of nalidixic acid and novobiocin as cell division inhibitors, an
      increase in pleomorphic cells was observed, but the inhibited cultures displayed
      lower acetylene-reducing activity. A study of pleomorphic cells derived in
      different ways indicated that not all pleomorphs reduce acetylene.

PMID- 6822473
TI  - Oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of methanol to methane is the sole energy
      source for a methanogen isolated from human feces.
AB  - A methanogenic coccus isolated from human feces requires H2 and CH3OH for growth
      and uses H2 to reduce CH3OH to CH4. Growth does not occur with CH3OH alone. The
      organism does not grow or produce CH4 from acetate or methylamines without or
      with H2 or from H2 and CO2 or formate. In a complex medium. CO2 is required for
      formation of approximately 50% of cell carbon, whereas the methyl carbon from
      methanol is not incorporated into cell carbon.

PMID- 6822474
TI  - Bacterial oxidation of naphthalene and phenanthrene.
AB  - An organism grown on both of the hydrocarbons naphthalene and phenanthrene
      induces a separate enzyme for the initial oxidation of each.

PMID- 6822475
TI  - Plasmids and bacteriocins in Caulobacter species.
AB  - A survey of wild-type Caulobacter strains revealed naturally occurring plasmids
      in three species. Further analysis showed instances of naturally occurring
      antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin production.

PMID- 6822476
TI  - Transfer of resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus
      aureus: evidence for conjugative exchange of resistance.
AB  - The ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to transfer antimicrobial resistance to
      Staphylococcus aureus was tested by mixed culture on filter membranes. Two of six
      clinical isolates examined were able to transfer resistance to S. aureus strains
      879R4RF, RN450RF, and UM1385RF. Subsequent S.aureus transconjugants resulting
      from matings with S. epidermidis donors were able to serve as donors to other S.
      aureus strains at similar frequencies. Cell-free and mitomycin C-induced
      filtrates of donors and transconjugants showed no plaque-forming ability.
      Addition of DNase I, citrate, EDTA, calcium chloride, and human sera to mating
      mixes and agar showed no effect on transfer. Nonviable donor cells were unable to
      transfer resistance and transfer did not occur at 4 degrees C. Cell-to-cell
      contact was required since transfer did not occur in broth or when filters of
      donor and recipient, respectively, were placed back-to-back so cells were not in
      direct contact. Analysis of DNA from S. epidermidis isolate UM899, its subsequent
      S. aureus transconjugants, and cured derivatives demonstrated that all resistance
      markers which transferred resided on plasmids. Mating experiments suggested a
      central role for the gentamicin plasmid pAM899-1 in the transfer process. It is
      concluded that our results are consistent with a conjugative transfer of
      resistance from S. epidermidis to S. aureus analogous to plasmid transfer
      demonstrated in streptococcal species for plasmids such as pAM beta 1. This
      represents a novel mechanism for gene exchange among staphylococci.

PMID- 6822477
TI  - Energy coupling to nitrite respiration in the sulfate-reducing bacterium
      Desulfovibrio gigas.
AB  - By use of a membrane fraction prepared from Desulfovibrio gigas grown in a
      lactate-sulfate medium, synthesis of ATP was demonstrated to be coupled to the
      oxidation of molecular hydrogen and reduction of either nitrite or hydroxylamine.
      This phosphorylation was uncoupled from electron transport by pentachlorophenol,
      methyl viologen, and gramicidin, but not by oligomycin. The extrusion of protons
      from the cells was shown to be coupled to the hydrogen-nitrite respiratory
      system, and, assuming the localization of nitrite reductase on the outer side of
      the plasma membrane, H+/2e- values of 2.0 +/- 0.3 were obtained. Energy coupling
      observed with this system appears to be due to electron transfer-coupled proton
      translocation rather than vectorial electron transfer associated with hydrogen
      oxidation.

PMID- 6822478
TI  - Tryptophan biosynthesis in the marine luminous bacterium Vibrio harveyi.
AB  - Tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme levels in wild-type Vibrio harveyi and a number of
      tryptophan auxotrophs of this species were coordinately regulated over a 100-fold
      range of specific activities. The tryptophan analog indoleacrylic acid evoked
      substantial derepression of the enzymes in wild-type cells. Even higher enzyme
      levels were attained in auxotrophs starved for tryptophan, regardless of the
      location of the block in the pathway. A derepressed mutant selected by resistance
      to 5-fluorotryptophan was found to have elevated basal levels of trp gene
      expression; these basal levels were increased only two- to threefold by
      tryptophan limitation. The taxonomic implications of these and other biochemical
      results support previous suggestions that the marine luminous bacteria are more
      closely related to enteric bacteria than to other gram-negative taxa.

PMID- 6822481
TI  - Somatic symptoms in depression and antidepressants.
AB  - Somatic side effects of antidepressant medications and of depression and anxiety
      were quantified in depressed patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment with
      amitriptyline (N = 11), or desipramine (N = 12). The entire group showed
      significant posttreatment decreases in depression. Side-effect symptoms were
      significantly reduced after treatment in the amitriptyline group; less reduction
      was seen in the desipramine group. Significant correlations were demonstrated
      between levels of anxiety and side effect symptoms both before and after
      treatment. The reduction in side effect symptoms in the amitriptyline group can
      be explained by the drug's anxiolytic property. Our findings suggest that
      symptoms resembling antidepressant side effects seen in medicated depressed
      patients are influenced by the patient's clinical condition more than by the
      anticholinergic activity of moderate dosages of the antidepressant.

PMID- 6822479
TI  - A voltage clamp inhibits chemotaxis of Spirochaeta aurantia.
AB  - Anaerobic conditions were employed to study the relationship between membrane
      potential and chemotaxis in Spirochaeta aurantia. When cells were grown
      anaerobically and suspended in anaerobic potassium phosphate buffer (pH 5.5),
      membranes did not appear to be polarized. Nevertheless, motility was supported by
      a transmembrane pH gradient, and the anaerobic cells exhibited D-xylose taxis.
      Introduction of trace amounts of air into anaerobic cell suspensions resulted in
      a transient membrane polarization. The addition of valinomycin to cells suspended
      under anaerobic conditions did not alter the steady-state value of membrane
      potential appreciably but served to clamp membrane potential at the preset level.
      Although there was no detectable effect of valinomycin on the motility of
      anaerobic cells in potassium phosphate buffer, D-xylose taxis was completely
      inhibited by this treatment. These data indicate the the action of valinomycin as
      a voltage clamp serves to inhibit the chemotaxis of S. aurantia and provide
      evidence to support the suggestion that the mechanism of chemotaxis in this
      organism involves the transduction of sensory signals in the form of membrane
      potential fluctuations.

PMID- 6822480
TI  - Characterization of two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from
      the pentalenolactone producer Streptomyces arenae.
AB  - Pentalenolactone (PL) irreversibly inactivates the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase [D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
      (phosphorylating)] (EC 1.2.1.12) and thus is a potent inhibitor of glycolysis in
      both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. We showed that PL-producing strain
      Streptomyces arenae TU469 contains a PL-insensitive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase under conditions of PL production. In complex media no PL
      production was observed, and a PL-sensitive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, rather than the insensitive enzyme, could be detected. The enzymes
      had the same substrate specificity but different catalytic and molecular
      properties. The apparent Km values of the PL-insensitive and PL-sensitive enzymes
      for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were 100 and 250 microM, respectively, and the PL
      sensitive enzyme was strongly inhibited by PL under conditions in which the PL
      insensitive enzyme was not inhibited. The physical properties of the PL
      insensitive enzyme suggest that the protein is an octamer, whereas the PL
      sensitive enzyme, like other glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, appears
      to be a tetramer.

PMID- 6822482
TI  - Pargyline-induced mania in primary affective disorder: case report.
AB  - A case is described of a 47-year-old man who developed a manic psychosis while
      receiving pargyline treatment for concurrent depression and hypertension. The
      pharmacologic actions of pargyline are discussed with regard to its partial
      selectivity for MAO-B and presumed action in dopamine systems, and clinicians are
      alerted to this uncommon drug reaction.

PMID- 6822483
TI  - Recognition and treatment of depression in a family medicine practice.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that depression is significantly underdiagnosed in general
      medical settings, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was administered to 1,086
      family medicine outpatients seen during a 12-month period before their initial
      medical examination. The effects of such screening on clinical recognition and
      treatment of depression were examined. Of the 1,086 patients, 143 (13.2%) were
      symptomatically depressed. These patients were randomized into two groups: 102
      were identified as clinically depressed to their physician, and the remaining 41
      were not (control group). Physicians diagnosed depression in 15% of the control
      group and in 68% of the identified group. At 4-week follow-up, 64% of the
      identified patients who were treated with maprotiline (16 of 25) showed
      improvement; only 28% of the identified patients who were electively not treated
      improved. Improvement occurred in only 18% of the control group. It appears that
      the diagnosis of depression is not ordinarily made in family medicine outpatient
      settings and that self-rating depression scales are useful diagnostic aids, whose
      regular use is indicated by the high prevalence of depression in general medical
      populations.

PMID- 6822484
TI  - Catatonia associated with glutethimide withdrawal.
AB  - Catatonia is a syndrome that is often considered as a subtype of schizophrenia,
      although studies have shown that it is most often associated with affective
      disorders. There are also many medical causes of catatonia. A case is presented
      in which glutethimide withdrawal seems the most likely explanation for catatonic
      symptoms.

PMID- 6822485
TI  - Depression, SIADH, and ECT.

PMID- 6822486
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with loxapine.

PMID- 6822487
TI  - Pupillary findings in withdrawal.

PMID- 6822488
TI  - Lithium test-dose methodology using flame photometry: problems and alternatives.
AB  - Two published methods of assessing test-dose 24-hour serum lithium concentrations
      as measured by flame emission spectrophotometry were compared in 17 patients. The
      first method was unsuccessful in predicting required maintenance dosage in 53% of
      patients studied. By applying the second methodology, a strong positive
      correlation (r = 0.69) was obtained between the reciprocal of the maintenance
      dose required to achieve a steady-state serum lithium concentration of 1.0 mEq/L
      and the test-dose 24-hour serum lithium level. Problems relating to the use of
      flame photometry to measure serum lithium concentrations less than 0.05 mEq/L are
      discussed.

PMID- 6822489
TI  - A hydrodynamic study of collagen fibrillogenesis by electric birefringence and
      quasielastic light scattering.
AB  - Neutral soluble collagen was extracted from lathyritic rat skin under proteolysis
      inhibited conditions. Purified solutions were characterized by electric
      birefringence and heterodyne beat quasi-elastic light-scattering techniques under
      conditions where the monomeric form was stable (at 4 degrees C in 0.032 M
      phosphate buffer at pH 7.04). Solutions were then heated and the birefringence
      and light scattering followed during the fibrillogenesis reaction. The monomer
      presents a translational diffusion coefficient of 0.85 X 10(-7) cm2/s and a
      rotary diffusion coefficient of 1150 +/- 50 s-1; these values are consistent with
      a rodlike molecular model of 220 +/- 10 nm length and 4 +/- 1 nm diameter,
      substantially different from electron microscopic values of 290 and 1.5 nm,
      respectively. We propose that at pH 7.04 and relatively high ionic strength, the
      collagen monomer unit must exhibit substantial deviation from a completely rigid
      and extended rodlike structure. During the entire lag phase in a thermally
      induced fibrillogenesis reaction, the relaxation times for both translational and
      rotational motion remain virtually unchanged. The monomer polarity is also
      unchanged, as shown by reverse pulse birefringence data. No intermediate size
      soluble aggregates, such as dimers or trimers, have been detected between monomer
      and very large aggregates or fibrils during the process, although early multistep
      assembly products (dimers, trimers) could have been seen if present. These data
      suggest a model for fibrillogenesis emphasizing a monomer-related nucleation
      event, such as internal stiffening or conformational transition, followed by a
      rapid continuous growth up to large fibrils.

PMID- 6822490
TI  - Murine cell surface glycoproteins. Purification of the polymorphic Pgp-1 antigen
      and analysis of its expression on macrophages and other myeloid cells.
AB  - We previously reported the initial characterization of a polymorphic major cell
      surface glycoprotein of about 80,000 daltons from mouse embryo 3T3 cells. This
      glycoprotein has now been purified 1800-fold to apparent homogeneity by
      monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. The purified molecule retained the
      total antigenic activity of the cell, as determined by antibody binding assays.
      The quantity of the glycoprotein, 0.06% of the total protein of the crude cell
      extract, confirmed its presence as a major constituent of the cell plasma
      membrane. The monoclonal antibody was also used to detect related antigens in
      cells and tissues of C57BL/6J mice. The antigen was present in high concentration
      in macrophages and subpopulations of bone marrow and blood polymorphonuclear
      cells. Much lower concentrations of antigen were detected in spleen cells,
      thymocytes, and extracts of solid tissues. The apparent Mr of the target antigen
      of myeloid cells was 92,000. This molecule was a major surface constituent of
      myeloid cells with 10(6) antibody binding sites per cell containing 10% of total
      125I incorporated by the lactoperoxidase procedure. The macrophage glycoprotein
      labeled on the cell surface with 125I was highly sensitive to trypsin, yielding
      an antigenically active soluble glycopolypeptide of about 65,000 daltons, that
      contained all of the incorporated 125I. A similar 65,000-dalton glycopeptide was
      released from 3T3 cells by trypsin cleavage. These data indicate that a major
      cell surface constituent of mouse myeloid cells is a 92,000-dalton glycoprotein
      closely related to the 80,000-dalton glycoprotein of mouse embryo 3T3 cells.

PMID- 6822491
TI  - In vitro phosphorylation of angiotensin analogs by tyrosyl protein kinases.
AB  - Peptide analogs of angiotensin were phosphorylated in vitro by the src gene
      product, pp60src, of Rous sarcoma virus. The Km for the phosphorylation reaction
      varied from 1 to 5 mM and the Vmax varied from 2 to 10 nmol/min/mg. Tyrosine was
      the only residue phosphorylated in all analogs that were examined. The peptides
      were phosphorylated by tyrosyl protein kinases associated with several avian
      sarcoma viruses and by the epidermal growth factor-receptor kinase of A431 cells.
      Peptide substrate also was used to investigate the effectiveness of three
      different phosphatase inhibitors. Assay of tyrosyl kinase activities in whole
      cell lysates indicated that both p-nitrophenyl phosphate and sodium vanadate were
      potent inhibitors of phosphotyrosine phosphatases.

PMID- 6822492
TI  - Effect of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate on [3H]thymidine uptake and DNA
      synthesis of human lymphoma cells.
AB  - The effects of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate on the uptake of
      [3H]thymidine and its incorporation into DNA of human P3HR-1 lymphoma cells were
      studied. In the absence of the drug, at 0 degrees C, [3H]thymidine was
      transported into the cells but not incorporated into DNA, as determined by both
      the trichloroacetic acid-soluble and -precipitable counts obtained with the
      cells. At 37 degrees C, [3H]thymidine was readily transported into the cells and
      incorporated into DNA. In the presence of the drug, both [3H]thymidine uptake (as
      shown by acid-soluble counts) and the amount of its incorporation into acid
      precipitable materials were markedly reduced. However, the uptake of
      [3H]thymidine at 0 degrees C was found to be equally sensitive to drug inhibition
      as at 37 degrees C. The incorporation at 37 degrees C of [3H]thymidine into acid
      precipitable materials of the cells, which had been prelabeled at 0 degrees C
      with [3H]thymidine, was found to be insensitive to inhibition by the drug. The in
      vitro activities of DNA polymerases alpha and beta purified from human P3HR-1
      cells were also found not to be susceptible to inhibition. Nuclei purified from
      cells pretreated with the drug continued to synthesize DNA. The cytofluorograms
      of the cells treated with the drug indicated that the treated cells accumulated
      at the G2/M phase, whereas the S phase of the cells was not arrested. These
      results suggest that N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate inhibits
      [3H]thymidine uptake but not cellular DNA synthesis in human P3HR-1 lymphoma
      cells.

PMID- 6822493
TI  - Two-substrate reaction model for the heparin-catalyzed bovine
      antithrombin/protease reaction.
AB  - The kinetics of the heparin-dependent antithrombin/protease reaction were
      consistent with an ordered sequential two-substrate reaction model under all
      circumstances tested. In this model, heparin is the catalyst; while antithrombin
      is the first substrate and the protease is the second substrate. The first step
      in this reaction, the heparin-antithrombin interaction, has a KD of 25 nM but a
      diffusionally determined Km of about 150 nM regardless of protease substrate. The
      second step of the reaction, protease interaction with the heparin-antithrombin
      complex, was fast with a rate constant of 6.8 X 10(6) M-1.s-1 for Factor Xa and
      greater than 8 X 10(7) M-1.ls-1 for thrombin. Differences between thrombin and
      Factor Xa at low (nanomolar) concentrations of heparin were evident in this rate
      constant and the relative affinities for the heparin-antithrombin complex (Km for
      Factor Xa = 100 nM; Km for thrombin less than or equal to 2 nM). In agreement
      with this difference in Km, regardless of protease substrate, active site-blocked
      thrombin was a potent inhibitor of the antithrombin reaction; while active site
      blocked Factor Xa was an ineffective inhibitor. At high heparin concentrations
      (micromolar), the kinetic parameters for Factor Xa were unchanged but the Km for
      thrombin increased dramatically to 100 nM. Other kinetic parameters were also
      estimated. Overall, the two-substrate reaction model provides a versatile
      approach for studying heparin function.

PMID- 6822494
TI  - Release of guanyl nucleotides from the regulatory subunit of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Choleragen and beta-adrenergic agonists, both of which activate turkey
      erythrocyte adenylate cyclase, have been reported to accelerate release of bound
      [3H]guanyl nucleotides from turkey erythrocyte membranes. We have now obtained
      evidence that choleragen- or isoproterenol-stimulated release reflects a change
      in the affinity of the regulatory subunit (G/F) of adenylate cyclase for guanyl
      nucleotides. Solubilized preparations of turkey erythrocytes that had bound
      radiolabeled GTP were chromatographed on Ultrogel AcA 34. The protein from which
      guanyl nucleotide was released upon incubation with choleragen or isoproterenol
      was co-eluted with G/F activity. Furthermore, this protein appears to be the same
      size as the complex containing the 42,000-dalton peptide, ADP*-ribosylated by
      choleragen, which is presumably a subunit of G/F. ADP ribosylation of the 42,000
      dalton subunit of G/F by choleragen occurred with a half-time of about 5 min,
      whereas choleragen-stimulated release of guanyl nucleotides was much slower (t1/2
      greater than or equal to 60 min). When membranes were treated with choleragen and
      NAD, the delay in activation of adenylate cyclase by guanylyl imidodiphosphate
      was decreased but not abolished, a finding consistent with the idea that release
      of endogenously bound nucleotide (and subsequent binding of the nonhydrolyzable
      GTP analog) occurs only slowly following ADP ribosylation. In contrast,
      activation of the adenylate cyclase of either toxin-treated or untreated
      membranes in the presence of isoproterenol and guanylyl imidodiphosphate was very
      rapid. These data support the hypothesis that isoproterenol and choleragen may
      activate adenylate cyclase, at least in part, by increasing the rate of release
      of guanyl nucleotides from G/F.

PMID- 6822495
TI  - 1H NMR studies of lymph chylomicra and very low density lipoproteins from
      nonhuman primates.
AB  - 1H NMR spectroscopy at 200 MHz was used to study triglyceride crystalline leads
      to liquid transitions which occurred on heating between 10 and 50 degrees C in
      very low density lipoprotein and subfractionated chylomicron particles from
      nonhuman primates fed a saturated fat (butter fat) diet. Model system studies of
      pure triglycerides (triolein, tripalmitin and a 1:1 mixture) and emulsion
      particles consisting of these triglycerides with a surface of egg
      phosphatidylcholine showed that high resolution spectra were obtained only from
      liquid triglycerides. In lipoprotein spectra, changes in 1H NMR peak intensities
      and line widths accompanied the solid leads to liquid transition of the
      constituent triglycerides. Peak areas of fatty acyl resonances were proportional
      to the percentage of melted triglyceride determined by differential scanning
      calorimetry. NMR peak area measurements showed that the calorimetric transition
      involved the melting of relatively greater numbers of saturated fatty acyl chains
      than unsaturated chains; at temperatures well below the solid leads to liquid
      transition, the lipoproteins contained a significant fraction (approximately 33%)
      of liquid triglycerides which were relatively enriched in unsaturated fatty acyl
      chains. For model systems containing mixtures of solid and liquid triglycerides,
      the temperature dependence of line widths of fatty acyl resonances demonstrated
      that solid triglycerides decreased the mobility of the liquid triglycerides. A
      similar temperature dependence for the lipoprotein resonances suggested that
      solid and liquid species are co-mixed in individual lipoprotein particles within
      a purified subfraction. Temperature-dependent line width and intensity changes
      were observed for the phospholipid-choline methyl resonance in lipoprotein
      spectra and were apparently independent of the core transition.

PMID- 6822496
TI  - Carbohydrate-specific cell adhesion is mediated by immobilized glycolipids.
AB  - We describe a technique for examining the ability of one important class of cell
      surface complex carbohydrates, glycosphingolipids, to mediate carbohydrate
      specific cell recognition and adhesion. Analogs of natural glycosphingolipids
      were synthesized, consisting of 1-glycosyl derivatives of 3-deoxyceramide (N
      palmitoyl-2-aminostearol) radiolabeled in the fatty acid portion. Methods were
      developed to efficiently adsorb both these synthetic glycolipids and natural
      glycosphingolipids (including gangliosides) from aqueous ethanol solution onto
      plastic wells. The glycolipids remained firmly attached to the surface in aqueous
      solutions, but could be recovered using detergents or organic solvents. The
      ability of the adsorbed glycolipids to elicit specific adhesion of intact
      hepatocytes was tested using specific adhesion of intact hepatocytes was tested
      using a cell adhesion assay based on that of McClay, D. R., Wessel, G. M., and
      Marchase, R. B. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 4975-4979. When
      otherwise nonadhesive plastic surfaces were adsorbed with N-acetylglucosaminyl 3
      deoxyceramide, they supported adhesion of 80-95% of the chicken hepatocytes added
      to the well. No adhesion above background levels (10-25%) was observed to
      surfaces adsorbed with other synthetic glycolipids including glucosyl,
      galactosyl, mannosyl, or lactosyl 3-deoxyceramide, 3-deoxyceramide, or to the
      naturally occurring glycosphingolipids, lactosyl ceramide or ganglioside GM1.
      Chicken hepatocyte adhesion to surfaces adsorbed with N-acetylglucosaminyl 3
      deoxyceramide was inhibited by soluble N-acetylglucosamine (IC50 = 3 m M), but
      not by other soluble sugars. Rat hepatocytes adhered preferentially to surfaces
      adsorbed with lactosyl 3-deoxyceramide, but not to surfaces adsorbed with the N
      acetylglucosaminyl derivative. These studies demonstrate the ability of adsorbed
      glucolipids to mediate carbohydrate- and cell-specific adhesion from intact
      cells. Using these techniques, the ability of naturally occurring complex
      glycosphingolipids to elicit specific cellular responses from a variety of cell
      types can be examined.

PMID- 6822497
TI  - Membrane protein carboxyl methylation increases with human erythrocyte age.
      Evidence for an increase in the number of methylatable sites.
AB  - The level of carboxyl methylation of membrane proteins has been measured in
      intact human erythrocyte populations of different ages separated by density
      gradient centrifugation. Age separation was confirmed by measurement of cytosolic
      pyruvate kinase specific activity in each fraction. When cells of different ages
      were incubated with L-[methyl-3H]methionine, the steady state level of 3H
      radioactivity covalently bound to membrane proteins is observed to be at least 3
      fold higher in older erythrocytes. Because the specific radioactivity of the
      methyl group donor S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine was identical in all age
      fractions, this represents an increase in the extent of modification of membrane
      proteins by carboxyl methylation. Of the three major methylated erythrocyte
      membrane proteins, this increase in carboxyl methylation with age is 4 to 7-fold
      for bands 2.1 and 3, while the increase in band 4.1 is 3 to 4-fold. This increase
      in the steady state level of methylation with age cannot be explained by changes
      in either the intrinsic rate of methyl transfer or by changes in the rate
      constant of methyl turnover. We, therefore, propose that the age-dependent change
      in carboxyl methylation is due to an increase in the number of available acceptor
      sites as the erythrocyte ages in vivo. Since methylation of acidic residues on
      erythrocyte membrane proteins has been detected exclusively on D-aspartic acid
      residues (McFadden, P. N., and Clarke, S. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
      79, 2460-2464), these results are consistent with an accumulation of D-aspartic
      acid in membrane protein due to spontaneous racemization a the cell ages. The
      relationship of these observations to possible functions of erythrocyte membrane
      protein carboxyl methylation is discussed.

PMID- 6822498
TI  - A monoclonal antibody which inhibits the factor Va:factor Xa interaction.
AB  - An immunoprecipitation technique has been used to determine the subunit
      specificity of two of the monoclonal antibodies to bovine Factor V(Va) developed
      by this laboratory. One of the antibodies is specific for the 74,000-dalton
      subunit (the E chain) of Factor Va, and the other antibody is specific for the
      94,000-dalton subunit (the D chain). The binding of Factor Va to phospholipid was
      studied by light scattering, and the interaction of Factor Xa with phospholipid
      bound Factor Va was examined using 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-glutamyl
      glycyl-arginyl-Xa (Dns-EGR-Xa). Neither the antibody specific for the E chain nor
      the antibody specific for the D chain inhibit the binding of Factor Va to
      phospholipid vesicles. The antibody specific for the E chain blocks the increase
      in fluorescence polarization seen when Factor Va is added to a solution of Dns
      EGR-Xa, phospholipid vesicles and calcium. This antibody also inhibits the
      association of Dns-EGR-Xa with phospholipid-bound Factor Va as determined by gel
      exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography. The antibody specific for the D
      chain of Factor Va does not block the increase in polarization seen when Factor
      Va is added to a solution of Dns-EGR-Xa, phospholipid, and calcium. It was
      concluded that the antibody specific for the E chain of Factor Va binds at or
      near the Factor Xa-binding site on the E chain and that the Factor Va E chain
      plays a significant role in binding Factor Xa.

PMID- 6822499
TI  - Alteration of synaptic membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio using a lipid
      transfer protein. Effect on gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake.
AB  - A procedure was developed to vary the cholesterol-to-phospholipid (Ch/PL) ratio
      of synaptic plasma membranes and synaptosomes using a nonspecific lipid transfer
      protein so that membrane lipid composition could be correlated with presynaptic
      function. In synaptic plasma membranes, Ch/PL molar ratios from 0.21 to 1.19 were
      produced from a normal value of 0.52 +/- 0.01 by incubation with the transfer
      protein and an excess of either phosphatidylcholine or
      cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine liposomes for 60 min at 32 degrees C. In
      synaptosomes, Ch/PL ratios from 0.16 to 0.81 were similarly produced from a
      normal value of 0.38 +/- 0.04. Cholesterol loading or depletion of the membranes
      was accompanied by a decrease or increase, respectively in the phospholipid-to
      protein ratio. The fluidity of the synaptic plasma membrane, as estimated by 1,6
      diphenylhexatriene anisotropy measurements, was increased by lowering the Ch/PL
      ratio and decreased by raising the Ch/PL ratio. Decreasing the Ch/PL ratio of
      synaptosomes and synaptic plasma membrane vesicles resulted in loss of sodium
      dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake (70-100% loss at Ch/PL ratios
      decreased to 40% of normal) and reduction in the number of accessible GABA
      binding sites. Choline uptake was not affected in these same preparations. GABA
      uptake was restored by reinserting cholesterol into the membrane. Synaptosomal
      membrane potential and synaptic plasma membrane sodium permeability were not
      affected by changing the Ch/PL ratio. Increase in the Ch/PL ratio above normal
      had no effect on either choline or GABA uptake. Both the decrease in the Ch/PL
      ratio and the increase in the lipid-to-protein ratio increase membrane
      "fluidity," lipid-to-protein ratio increase membrane "fluidity," which may
      modulate the vertical displacement and motional characteristics of the GABA
      transporter.

PMID- 6822500
TI  - Acetylation and calcium-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 in nuclei from
      butyrate-treated HeLa cells.
AB  - In HeLa nuclei, 1 microM Ca2+ stimulates 3-fold the phosphorylation of histone
      H3. Prior treatment of cells with Na butyrate increases the degree of H3
      phosphorylation and reveals a correlation between the extents of H3 acetylation
      and phosphorylation. Acetylation of H3 increases its accessibility to the calcium
      dependent kinase. Phosphorylation of H3 occurs at a serine residue located in the
      trypsin-sensitive region of the protein. Brief digestion of nuclei with DNase I
      preferentially releases the phosphorylated form of H3 from chromatin.

PMID- 6822501
TI  - H curves, a novel method of representation of nucleotide series especially suited
      for long DNA sequences.
AB  - In order to create an alternative to the customary letter-series representation
      of nucleotide sequences a novel method was developed based on computer graphics.
      In this new method, the information content of a nucleotide sequence is mapped
      into a three-dimensional space function (H curve) which can be displayed and
      manipulated conveniently. Even very long nucleotide sequences can be represented
      by compact H curves. Such curves are not only characteristic "fingerprints" of
      complex genetic messages but also embody important parameters concerning the
      distribution of nucleotides. H curves appear to be particularly suitable for the
      visual analysis and comprehension of both the local and the global features of
      long DNA sequences.

PMID- 6822502
TI  - The periodic synthesis of tubulin in the Physarum cell cycle. Characterization of
      Physarum tubulins by affinity for monoclonal antibodies and by peptide mapping.
AB  - Polypeptides preferentially labeled in the G2 phase of the synchronous nuclear
      replication cycle of Physarum macroplasmodia were compared in electrophoretic
      mobility and peptide map with the tubulins enriched from Physarum myxamoebae. One
      major and one minor fluorographic species match the myxamoebal alpha and beta
      chains, respectively. Thus, tubulins are among the proteins of Physarum
      selectively synthesized before nuclear division. A third species P, prominently
      labeled in premitotic plasmodia, is distinct from the two myxamoebal tubulins
      even though it co-polymerizes with microtubules. The nature of P remains unknown.
      Two rat monoclonal antibodies directed against yeast tubulin were found to bind
      selectively to the alpha tubulin of porcine brain. These served to confirm the
      assignment of the 50,000-dalton Physarum myxamoebal tubulin as an alpha-like
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6822505
TI  - Stereospecificity of vitamin K-epoxide reductase.
AB  - Vitamin K epoxide can occur as a pair of optical isomers due to the asymmetry of
      the oxirane ring substituents. The stereoselectivity of vitamin K-epoxide
      reductase for the oxirane ring configuration was determined by recovery of the
      partially resolved unreacted substrate following incubations of racemic vitamin K
      epoxide with rat liver microsomes. The substrate ws enriched for the (--)
      enantiomer, but selectivity for the biologically relevant (+)-enantiomer was low.
      This result was confirmed by direct comparison of the rates of reaction for the
      racemic substrate and (+)-vitamin K epoxide. The selectivity of vitamin K-epoxide
      reductase for the cis- or trans-phytyl configuration of the vitamin K side chain
      was also low. These results suggest an enzyme-active site which is open toward
      the 2,3-positions and is able to bind the substrate in two opposite orientations
      with respect to the positions of the methyl and phytyl side chain substituents.

PMID- 6822503
TI  - Diabetes-induced alterations in liver protein synthesis. Changes in the relative
      abundance of mRNAs for albumin and other plasma proteins.
AB  - Mechanisms responsible for diabetes-induced alterations in liver protein
      synthesis were investigated in vivo and in perfused liver using Bio-Breeding
      Worcester (BB/W) control rats, spontaneously diabetic BB/W rats maintained on
      insulin therapy, and diabetic BB/W rats withdrawn from insulin therapy for 48 h.
      Withdrawal of insulin therapy in the diabetic rats resulted in marked alterations
      in a number of parameters related to liver protein synthesis compared to BB/W
      control or insulin-maintained diabetic rats. Alterations seen in vivo following
      withdrawal of insulin included changes in the relative concentrations of several
      plasma proteins, a 40% reduction in total liver RNA relative to DNA, a 5-fold
      reduction in albumin synthesis relative to the synthesis of total liver proteins,
      a 5-fold reduction in albumin mRNA relative to total RNA, reductions in the
      relative abundance of mRNAs for at least four plasma proteins other than albumin,
      and a relative increase in mRNA for at least one plasma protein. Alterations
      observed in perfused liver included reductions in total liver protein synthesis
      (60% of control), albumin production (24% of control), and total secretory
      protein production (44% of control). All parameters studied were essentially
      unchanged from BB/W control values when the diabetic rats were maintained on
      insulin therapy. The results indicate that insulin deficiency leads to marked
      reductions in liver protein synthesis, particularly the synthesis of albumin and
      other plasma proteins. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations include
      changes in the relative abundance of specific mRNAs and a decrease in total
      cellular RNA.

PMID- 6822504
TI  - gamma Ray induced deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks. 3' Glycolate termini.
AB  - Gamma irradiation of DNA in aqueous solution produces single strand breaks with
      two types of 3'-termini. These termini have been identified as a simple
      phosphoryl group and a glycolate moiety attached to the 3'-phosphoryl group via
      the 2"-OH of glycolic acid. Irradiation of 5'-end labeled poly(dG) produces
      compounds that comigrate with authentic 3',5'-dGDP and 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'
      (phospho-2"-O-glycolic acid-5'-monophosphate by thin layer chromatography and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Irradiation of poly(dGdC) followed by
      digestion to 3'-nucleotides produces 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-(phospho-2"-O-glycolic
      acid). The presence of glycolate termini at some strand breaks may affect
      intracellular repair of these lesions.

PMID- 6822506
TI  - Intracellular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase does not monomerize in human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase functions within human erythrocytes at a rate
      far less than expected from kinetic properties of the purified enzyme and from
      estimated concentrations of enzyme, substrates, and products. Several
      investigators have proposed that activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is
      less than maximal because the enzyme is regulated by equilibration between an
      active dimeric form of the enzyme and an inactive monomer. The phenomenon of
      Lyonization provided an opportunity for this proposal to be tested. Erythrocytes
      of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase A/B heterozygous woman were gently lysed
      and resealed so that each erythrocyte contained the two homodimers AA and BB.
      Subsequent lysis and electrophoresis revealed no heterodimer. This finding
      indicates that intracellular factors other than reversible dissociation account
      for the restraint of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6822507
TI  - Spectral analysis of the conformation of polyadenosine diphosphoribose. Evidence
      indicating secondary structure.
AB  - Based on boronic acid chromatography, a rapid method was developed for the
      purification of polyadenosine diphosphoribose oligomers of various chain lengths.
      Polyadenosine diphosphoribose oligomers obtained by the new method were
      distinguished on the basis of spectral criteria. The purity of polyadenosine
      diphosphoribose was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, which
      is a highly sensitive method for the detection of contamination by nucleotides
      derived from other nucleic acids. The A280/A260 ratio, which has been used in the
      past as one of the criteria of purity of oligomers, was found to be an unsuitable
      index of purity because it significantly varied as a function of temperature or
      ionic strength, exhibiting characteristics of temperature- and ionic strength
      dependent hypochromicity. Hypochromicity was highly significant at 260 nm but not
      at 280 nm. The A280/A260 ratio showed a correlation with the oligomer chain
      length, significantly diminishing below a chain length of 9 adenosine
      diphosphoribose units, with concomitant loss of hypochromicity. The increase in
      A280/A260 ratio above a chain length of nine was small and gradual. Circular
      dichroism of long, medium, and short oligomers was determined at varying
      temperatures (5-72 degrees C). For long chains, a temperature-dependent change of
      the major negative theta value and a red shift occurred from 249.5 to 267.5 nm.
      With medium chain length oligomers, there was no decrease in the theta value at
      249.5 nm, only a red shift. In the case of short chain oligomers the major
      negative theta value was at 267.5 nm and its position was temperature-independent
      with only a small temperature-related decrease in size. At 72 degrees C, the
      different patterns of circular dichroism of the three groups of oligomers of
      differing chain lengths became indistinguishable. These results were interpreted
      to indicate a significant secondary structure of polyadenosine diphosphoribose of
      long chain length.

PMID- 6822508
TI  - Mechanisms underlying calcium homeostasis in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The steady state relationship between intra- and extramitochondrial free Ca2+
      across the inner mitochondrial membrane has been investigated in isolated liver
      mitochondria. The extramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration was essentially
      independent of the mitochondrial calcium content above 4 nmol/mg of protein.
      Below this value, a decrease in the mitochondrial calcium content was accompanied
      by a decrease in the extramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration. The experimental
      data are compatible with a model in which the steady state distribution of
      calcium is described in terms of the kinetic parameters of the separate carriers
      catalyzing Ca2+ influx and efflux across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The
      corresponding relationship between cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and the
      amounts of calcium in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was investigated
      in isolated river cells over a range of cellular Ca2+ contents by using a
      nondisruptive technique based on the selective release of calcium from
      mitochondrial and total cellular pools by addition of carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and A23187, respectively. A net increase in cell
      calcium from 1 to 5 nmol/mg dry weight, increased the cytosolic free Ca2+
      concentration from 0.1 to about 0.3 microM and increased the calcium contents of
      both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Above 5 nmol of calcium/mg cell dry
      weight, the endoplasmic reticulum calcium pool became filled, and further
      increases in calcium content were accounted for by increases of the mitochondrial
      pool but no further increase of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. These
      studies and experiments with mixtures of isolated microsomes and mitochondria
      suggest that, in cells as normally isolated (containing 5 to 6 nmol of calcium/mg
      dry weight), the endoplasmic reticulum is saturated with calcium and is unlikely
      to play a major role as an intracellular calcium buffer. The in situ
      mitochondrial calcium content is sufficiently high (approximately 16 nmol/mg of
      protein) for these organelles to buffer effectively the cytosolic free Ca2+
      concentration at a value of about 0.3 microM. In addition, it may be concluded
      that intramitochondrial Ca2+-dependent enzymes will be exposed to saturating
      concentrations of free Ca2+.

PMID- 6822509
TI  - Binding of adenosine to intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in
      isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Binding of adenosine to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC
      3.3.1.1.) and partial conversion of bound adenosine to a substance liberating
      adenine has been demonstrated under conditions of enzymatic synthesis and
      hydrolysis of ADoHcy (Ueland, P. M., and Helland, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255,
      7722-7727). Gel filtration of cytosol from isolated rat hepatocytes treated with
      [14C]adenosine on a high performance liquid chromatography protein column showed
      that labeled adenine/adenosine eluted as a peak which co-chromatographed exactly
      with AdoHcy hydrolase. Formation of this peak was inhibited by exposure of the
      cells to compounds (ara-A, 3-deazaadenosine, and homocysteine) interacting with
      the catalytic site of the enzyme. Furthermore, the adenine/adenosine-protein
      complex and AdoHcy hydrolase focused at exactly the same pH (pI = 5.76) in a
      granulated bed. On this basis it was concluded that labeled adenosine formed a
      stable complex with AdoHcy hydrolase. A substantial portion (about 50%) of
      endogenous adenosine in rat hepatocytes seemed to be associated with AdoHcy
      hydrolase, and this portion equaled the amount of cellular adenosine which was
      not readily mobilized by high level of extracellular adenosine deaminase.
      Exposure of the hepatocytes to compounds which block the formation of the
      adenosine-AdoHcy hydrolase complex (ara-A, 3-deazaadenosine, and homocysteine)
      for 1 to 2.5 h only slightly reduced the amount of adenosine associated with the
      enzyme, indicating a slow turnover of the complex under the conditions of the
      experiment. It was concluded that adenosine is sequestered in rat hepatocytes
      through the interaction with AdoHcy hydrolase. The physiological implication of
      this process may be related to the metabolism and biological effects of adenosine
      as well as the regulation of AdoHcy hydrolase activity.

PMID- 6822510
TI  - Rate for nucleotide release from tubulin.
AB  - The lower limit for the first order rate constant for dissociation of GDP from
      the tubulin E-site has been determined to be 0.14 s-1; this corresponds to a
      reaction with a half-life of 5 s. Using this rate constant and the previously
      determined equilibrium constant for GDP dissociation, equal to 6.1 X 10(-8) M
      (Zeeberg, B., and Caplow, M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3880-3886), the calculated
      association rate constant is 2.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. The tubulin E-site is highly
      reactive and it is calculated that: the half-life is 5 s for quantitative
      displacement of E-site bound radioactive GDP, by added excess nonradioactive GDP;
      the half-life is about 260 ms for isotopic equilibration when a trace amount of
      radioactive GDP is added to 20 microM tubulin-GDP; the half-life is about 850 ms
      for re-establishing the equilibrium for GDP binding, when 20 microM tubulin is
      diluted 20-fold. Thus, tubulin-GDP nucleotide exchange is rapid, so that added
      radioactive guanine nucleotides can be used in studies of relatively rapid
      reactions involving the tubulin subunit.

PMID- 6822511
TI  - Characterization of 1,2-diacylglycerol hydrolysis in human platelets.
      Demonstration of an arachidonoyl-monoacylglycerol intermediate.
AB  - When platelets are stimulated by thrombin, a phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase C produces a transient rise in 1,2-diacylglycerol. We have now
      characterized the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol by platelet membranes using doubly
      isotopically labeled substrates of defined fatty acid composition. We find that
      the fatty acid at sn-1 is hydrolyzed faster than that at sn-2 thereby producing a
      2-monoacylglycerol intermediate. If hydrolysis had occurred at either position
      randomly, 1-monoacylglycerol would also be produced. That none was detected
      indicates that either the sn-1 fatty acid must be cleaved first or that 1
      monoacylglycerol is hydrolyzed by monoacylglycerol lipase much faster than 2
      monoacylglyceol. The latter possibility was excluded by the finding that 1
      monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol are hydrolyzed at equal rates by platelet
      membranes. The diacylglycerol lipase cleaves diacylglycerols with sn-1 palmitate
      as rapidly as those with sn-1 stearate. Arachidonate at sn-2 is cleaved twice as
      fast as sn-2 oleate by monoacylglycerol lipase. The two activities probably
      represent discrete enzymes since monoacylglycerol lipase activity can be
      separated from diacylglycerol lipase by fractionation on DEAE-Sepharose, although
      both are contained in the membrane fraction of platelets. That the sequential
      breakdown of 1,2-diacylglycerol also occurs in intact platelets is indicated by
      our finding of a transient rise in arachidonoyl-monoacylglycerol in thrombin
      stimulated platelets. This provides further evidence for a role of the
      phospholipase C-diacylglycerol lipase pathway in the release of arachidonic acid.

PMID- 6822512
TI  - Kinetic properties of pyridoxamine (pyridoxine)-5'-phosphate oxidase from rabbit
      liver.
AB  - The kinetic properties of pyridoxamine (pyridoxine)-5'-phosphate oxidase have
      been studied using the physiological substrates pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) and
      pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) at 25 degrees C and pH 8.0. Under steady-state
      conditions with different concentrations of PNP and O2, a series of parallel
      lines and competitive substrate inhibition with a KI of 50 microM are seen in
      double reciprocal plots. This is suggestive of a binary complex mechanism.
      Secondary plots yield a turnover number of 42 min-1 and Km values for both PNP
      (8.2 microM) and O2 (182 microM). A large deuterium isotope effect, VH/VD of 6.5,
      was observed with [4',4'-2H]PNP. In analogous studies using PMP, a turnover
      number of 6.2 min-1 and respective Km values for PMP and O2 of 3.6 and 85 microM
      were calculated. No significant substrate inhibition and a small deuterium
      isotope effect (VH/VD = 1.1) were observed with PMP. Anaerobic stopped flow data
      showed that the enzyme-bound flavin was reduced at a rate similar to catalytic
      turnover with PNP as a substrate, whereas with PMP, the rate of enzyme reduction
      is 500-fold faster than turnover. Stopped flow kinetic data also showed the
      reduced enzyme to react with O2 at rates at least 10(2)-10(3) faster than
      turnover. These results indicate that enzyme reduction is rate-limiting when the
      alcohol form (PNP) is the substrate, but in the case of the amine (PMP), the rate
      limiting step in catalysis occurs subsequent to reduction. With PMP as substrate,
      release of product from the complex with reduced enzyme is 15-fold slower than
      turnover, and thus, it is suggested that oxygen reacts with the complex. The pH
      dependence of the deuterium isotope effect and the Km for PMP showed substantial
      change in the pH range between 6.0 and 7.5, whereas little or no pH dependence
      was observed for PNP. These data show that the kinetic mechanism of pyridoxamine
      (pyridoxine)-5'-phosphate oxidase can function via either a binary or ternary
      complex mechanism, depending upon the nature of the substrate.

PMID- 6822513
TI  - Further study of the chemical structure of the equine erythrocyte hematoside
      containing O-acetyl ester.
AB  - The chemical structure of an equine hematoside, which contained an ester group
      and comprised 72% of the total erythrocyte gangliosides, was determined by means
      of nondestructive and destructive procedures. A 400-MHz nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectrum of the ganglioside in perdeuterodimethyl sulfoxide
      demonstrated three protons due to a methyl group of an acetyl moiety, as well as
      amide and anomeric protons which were compatible with those of the ordinary
      hematoside. The spin decoupling difference spectroscopy of the ganglioside
      revealed the presence of the following structures. [formula: see text]. A mass
      spectrum obtained by direct probe analysis of the permethylated ganglioside
      demonstrated the presence of an O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid moiety (m/z
      434). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the sialic acid,
      derivatives from the periodate-oxidized ganglioside, and derivatives from
      acetalized ganglioside prepared under controlled conditions indicated that the
      sialic acid of the ganglioside was 4-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Thus,
      the structure of the equine ganglioside was determined as 4-O-acetyl-N
      glycolylneuraminyl alpha 2-3 galactosyl beta 1-4 glucosyl beta 1-ceramide. The
      antigenic properties of this ganglioside were examined. In contrast to ordinary
      hematoside, which reacted strongly with Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antibodies of a
      heterophile type in human, this ganglioside did not exhibit any H-D antigenicity.
      Therefore, a free hydroxy group at C-4 of the N-glycolylneuraminyl moiety in
      gangliosides appears to be absolutely required for the manifestation of H-D
      antigenicity.

PMID- 6822514
TI  - Affinity alkylation of bacterial delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase. Identification
      of the amino acid modified by steroidal 17 beta-oxiranes.
AB  - The two steroidal 17 beta-oxiranes, spiro-17 beta-oxiranyl-delta 4-androsten-3
      one (4 beta) and spiro-17 beta-oxiranylestra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-3-ol (5 beta)
      are active site-directed irreversible inhibitors of bacterial delta 5-3
      ketosteroid isomerase. For each inhibitor, a stoichiometry of one molecule of
      steroid to one enzyme subunit was found. The inhibited enzyme was denatured and
      subjected to digestion by trypsin. The tryptic maps show two distinct steroid
      bound peptides for both 4 beta- and 5 beta-inhibited isomerase. In each case, the
      two modified peptides are derived from residues 14 to 45 of the isomerase. Each
      of the steroid-bound peptides of the 4 beta-inhibited enzyme was subjected to
      further proteolytic digestion and the site of steroid attachment was found to be
      Asp-38 in each of the inactivation products. These results are interpreted to
      indicate that "backwards binding" is an important feature of the binding of
      steroids to delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase.

PMID- 6822515
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine on biosynthesis and secretion of triglyceride by
      livers perfused in vitro with [3H]oleate and [14C]glycerol.

PMID- 6822516
TI  - Target size of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Functional and structural
      molecular weight based on radiation inactivation.
AB  - D-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is a lipid-requiring enzyme which is
      localized on the inner face of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The apoenzyme
      has been purified to homogeneity from beef heart; it is devoid of lipid and
      inactive. It can be functionally reconstituted with lecithin or phospholipid
      mixtures containing lecithin. The active form of the enzyme is the enzyme
      phospholipid complex. Classical target analysis of radiation-inactivation data
      has now been used to determine the molecular size of the enzyme both in the
      native membrane (submitochondrial vesicles) and in the reconstituted enzyme
      inserted into phospholipid vesicles containing lecithin. For both forms of the
      enzyme, we find the same molecular size, approximately 110,00 daltons. This size
      is consistent with a tetramer. Radiation results in fragmentation of the
      polypeptide and the destruction of the polypeptide correlates with loss of
      enzymic function. A similar size is obtained when purified D-beta-hydroxybutyrate
      dehydrogenase is inserted into a nonactivating mixture of phospholipid (i.e. in
      the absence of lecithin). We conclude that: 1) the native enzyme in
      submitochondrial vesicles and the purified active enzyme in phospholipid vesicles
      are the same size, approximating a tetramer; 2) radiation of D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase results in loss of activity and fragmentation of
      the polypeptide; and 3) the role of lecithin in activation of D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is unrelated to determining oligomeric size of the
      enzymes since both active and nonactive forms exhibit the same structural size.

PMID- 6822517
TI  - Deoxyribonuclease A of chick embryo. Partial purification and characterization of
      the enzyme.
AB  - A deoxyribonuclease has been purified 570-fold from the 14-day-old chick embryos.
      The purified enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions for maximum activity. The optimum
      pH is 9.0 in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Its isoelectric point is 6.7. NaCl and N
      ethylmaleimide strongly inhibit the reaction. An apparent molecular weight of
      45,000 is determined by sedimentation in a glycerol density gradient. The enzyme
      hydrolyzes denatured DNA 50 to 100 times more rapidly than duplex DNA. RNA and
      synthetic polyribonucleotides are not substrate for the enzyme. DNase A catalyzes
      the endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic cleavages of single-stranded DNA. The
      enzyme produces DNA fragments having 70 to 100 nucleotides long at early time of
      reaction and then degrades these DNA fragments to acid-soluble materials, of
      which more than 70% is mononucleotides. In the exonucleolytic attack, the enzyme
      initiates hydrolysis of a single-stranded DNA from 5' to 3' direction. Chick
      embryo DNA-binding protein gives an intensive effect on the DNase A reaction by
      inhibiting the endonuclease activity rather than exonuclease activity under the
      standard assay conditions.

PMID- 6822519
TI  - A novel thrombin-reactive protein complex in human platelets.
AB  - Attempts were made to isolate a 74,000-dalton protein which specifically and
      competitively blocked platelet aggregation by thrombin (Ganguly, P., and Fossett,
      N. G. (1981) Blood 57, 343-352) by two independent affinity chromatography
      methods. The protein isolates showed a main band migrating slightly faster than
      albumin in gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. In the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, electrophoresis of protein preparations consistently
      revealed the presence of four polypeptides of 74,000, 55,000, 27,000, and 20,000
      daltons. The results suggest that these polypeptides are probably present as a
      multiprotein complex in platelets. The 55,000-dalton protein, like the 74,000
      dalton protein, inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, while
      aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate or trypsin was not significantly
      affected. However, incubation of the 55,000-dalton protein with the 74,000-dalton
      protein prior to the addition of thrombin did not inhibit platelet aggregation by
      thrombin, while the individual components under the same conditions did. In fact,
      the two proteins in combination could significantly enhance platelet aggregation
      by thrombin. These results suggest the existence of a multiprotein complex in
      human platelets, the components of which may modulate the action of thrombin on
      platelet aggregation.

PMID- 6822518
TI  - Messenger RNA for the 73,000-dalton poly(A)-binding protein occurs as
      translationally repressed mRNP in duck reticulocytes.
AB  - Poly(A)-containing mRNA has been prepared from the polyribosomes and post
      polyribosomal mRNP fraction of duck reticulocytes. The coding capacity of the
      respective mRNA populations has been examined by translation in vitro followed by
      two-dimensional electrophoresis of the 35S-labeled polypeptides. A detailed
      analysis of these results is given elsewhere (Imaizumi-Scherrer, M.-T.,
      Maundrell, K., Civelli, O., and Scherrer, K. (1982) Dev. Biol. 93, 126-138).
      Here, we focus on one of these translation products which migrates as a slightly
      basic protein of 73,000 molecular weight. By two-dimensional electrophoretic
      analysis and partial peptide mapping, we show that this protein is
      indistinguishable from the poly(A)-binding protein. We conclude that the majority
      of the coding sequences for this protein are translationally repressed in the
      reticulocyte cytoplasm.

PMID- 6822520
TI  - Sequence determination for N-linked oligosaccharides through the use of the
      nuclear Overhauser effect.
AB  - A nuclear magnetic resonance technique, the nuclear Overhauser effect, has been
      used to confirm the presence of Man alpha 1-2, GlcNAc beta 1-2, and Man alpha 1-3
      residues and to establish the branching pattern and sequences in four classes of
      N-linked oligosaccharides. This method offers a rapid and nondestructive approach
      to the elucidation of sequences in carbohydrate chains, in contrast to enzymatic
      and chemical methods.

PMID- 6822521
TI  - The dynamics of formation of a collagen-phosphophoryn conjugate in relation to
      the passage of the mineralization front in rat incisor dentin.
AB  - Dentin and predentin matrices contain Type I collagen and phosphophoryns as major
      constituents. A collagen-phosphophoryn conjugate is also present in small
      amounts. This conjugate has been implicated in the deposition of mineral. Its
      formation has been followed in rat incisors. Rats were labeled for varied time
      intervals with [3H]proline, followed by a 2-h pulse of [3H] serine. The soluble
      alpha- and beta-phosphophoryns were extracted under conditions minimizing
      degradation. The tooth residue was CNBr-treated and the collagen CNBr peptides
      alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 were collected along with the solubilized
      conjugate fraction. Each component was purified and the specific activities in
      [3H] proline, [3H]hydroxyproline, [3H]serine, and [3H]phosphoserine were
      determined. The collagen and alpha-phosphophoryn accumulated proline label
      linearly at the same rate over the entire period of labeling. Entry of
      [3H]proline into the conjugate fraction was delayed by approximately 9-10 h and
      then the label accumulated also linearly at the same rate. [3H]Serine was present
      at a different but constant level in each fraction; the conjugate had the lowest
      activity. These data indicate an extracellular formation of the conjugate at the
      mineralization front from precursors which followed different secretory pathways.

PMID- 6822522
TI  - Purification and characterization of DNase VIII. A 5'-3' directed exonuclease
      from human placental nuclei.
AB  - DNase VIII is an exonuclease purified from human placenta trophoblast nuclei. The
      enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.5 and requires a divalent cation. It is inhibited by
      salt and stimulated by Triton X-100. Glycerol gradient analysis of the activity
      indicates a sedimentation coefficient of 2.8 S (31,000 daltons if globular). This
      enzyme initiates hydrolysis from 5'-phosphorylated termini of single-stranded DNA
      and acts at internal phosphodiester bonds liberating 5'-phosphorylated
      oligonucleotides. It degrades polynucleotides of repeating base sequence as well
      as single-stranded DNA, yielding oligonucleotides of even number, in which the
      main reaction products are dinucleotides. The activity on denatured DNA is not
      inhibited by the presence of ultraviolet-induced photoproducts. DNase VIII can
      also initiate hydrolysis at those distorted termini produced by the action of
      Micrococcus luteus dimer specific endonuclease on duplex DNA, which contains
      cyclobutane dimers.

PMID- 6822524
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a uracil-DNA glycosylase from wheat
      germ.
AB  - A uracil-DNA glycosylase has been purified over 1,000-fold from wheat germ, the
      first such repair activity isolated from a higher plant. The enzyme has a
      molecular weight of approximately 27,000 and is resistant to metal ion chelators,
      but inhibited by high concentrations of either mono or divalent cations. This
      glycosylase is unable to release uracil from the mononucleotides dUMP and dUTP or
      from wheat germ RNA. Twelve pyrimidine analogues which closely mimic uracil
      structurally and the nucleoside uridine were examined for their ability to
      inhibit glycosylase activity. However, only 5-azauracil and 6-aminouracil
      inhibited enzymatic release of uracil to the same degree as uracil itself. An
      inhibitor induced by bacteriophage T5 which inhibits Escherichia coli uracil-DNA
      glycosylase has been shown not to affect the glycosylase isolated from wheat
      germ, indicating that these two enzymes differ. The ability of the wheat germ
      uracil-DNA glycosylase to completely remove available uracil from synthetic DNA
      substrates in which thymine had been replaced by uracil in varying percentages
      was also examined and found not to depend on percentage of uracil in the
      substrates.

PMID- 6822523
TI  - Cysteinesulfinate metabolism. altered partitioning between transamination and
      decarboxylation following administration of beta-methyleneaspartate.
AB  - L-Cysteinesulfinate, a quantitatively important catabolite of L-cysteine, is a
      substrate of both cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase and glutamate-oxaloacetate
      transaminase. The former enzyme initiates a pathway leading to taurine; the
      latter enzyme forms beta-sulfinyl-pyruvate, which spontaneously decomposes to
      pyruvate and SO2. In the present studies, the in vivo partitioning of
      cysteinesulfinate between these two pathways was evaluated by administering to
      mice L-[1-14C]cysteinesulfinate, which is metabolized to 14CO2 by both pathways,
      or L-[3-14C]cysteinesulfinate, which is converted to 14CO2 only if taurine is not
      formed. Within 6 h, respiratory 14CO2 accounted for 90% of the [1
      14C]cysteinesulfinate injected, whereas only 18% of administered [3
      14C]cysteinesulfinate was recovered as 14CO2. When the data are corrected for
      differences in the formation of 14CO2 from [1-14C]- and [3-14C]pyruvate and for a
      small formation of 14CO2 from radiolabeled hypotaurine, it is concluded that
      approximately 85% of administered cysteinesulfinate is decarboxylated to
      hypotaurine, whereas approximately 15% is transaminated. Of the hypotaurine
      formed, approximately 90% is oxidized to taurine. beta-Methylene-DL-aspartate, an
      irreversible inhibitor of glutamate-oxal-oacetate transaminase (Cooper, A.J.L.,
      Fitzpatrick, S. M., Kaufman, C., and Dowd, P. (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 332
      334) was given to mice with the expectation that conversion of cysteinesulfinate
      to hypotaurine would be increased. Surprisingly, the extent of cysteinesulfinate
      transamination increased about 3-fold. Additional studies indicate that beta
      methyleneaspartate is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of purified rat liver
      cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase and that inactivation of the decarboxylase
      predominates over inactivation of the transaminase in vivo. Highly purified
      cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase is also shown to decarboxylate L-aspartate to
      beta-alanine and, very slowly, glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate. The enzyme is
      not active toward alpha-methylcysteinesulfinate or alpha-methylaspartate; alpha
      methyl-DL-[1-14C]cysteinesulfinate is not metabolized by the mouse.

PMID- 6822525
TI  - Oxidative ring fission of the naphthoquinones lapachol and dichloroallyl lawsone
      by Penicillium notatum.
AB  - The naphthoquinones lapachol and dichloroallyl lawsone readily undergo oxidative
      ring fission when incubated with several fungi and streptomycetes. Penicillium
      notatum was employed to produce the ring fission product of dichloroallyl lawsone
      which was isolated and characterized by spectral analyses and chemical synthesis.
      The mechanism of oxidative ring fission of lapachol was studied by growing P.
      notatum cultures in an 18O2 atmosphere. Mass spectral analysis of the isolated
      and labeled metabolite indicates that ring fission occurs via a monooxygenase
      pathway most probably involving an epoxide intermediate.

PMID- 6822526
TI  - Vitamin A deprivation selectively lowers uridine nucleotide pools in cultured
      sertoli cells.
AB  - The effects of retinoid addition of vitamin A-depleted (UV-irradiated) culture
      medium on uridine metabolism in cultured Sertoli cells have been studied. After
      vitamin A depletion, a consistent 2- to 4-fold enhancement of [3H]uridine
      incorporation into RNA was observed. Several lines of evidence indicate that this
      enhancement is the result of an increase in the specific activity of the uridine
      labeled precursors of RNA. Although vitamin A depletion did not affect either
      uridine uptake or alter cellular RNA content, a 5-fold increase in the specific
      activity of UMP was found in vitamin A-depleted cells. This increase results
      because the cellular content of uracil nucleosides plus nucleotides is
      selectively lowered in vitamin A-depleted cells. The decreased content of uridine
      derivatives could be accounted for by a 45-57% decrease in the activity of
      glutamine-dependent carbamylphosphate synthetase in vitamin A-depleted cells. The
      effects of vitamin A deprivation on uridine incorporation, as well as
      carbamylphosphate synthetase activity, could be completely restored to or above
      control values by supplementing vitamin A-depleted cell culture medium with
      either retinol or retinoic acid. This effect of vitamin A depletion appears to be
      highly specific. Under the same conditions, no gross alteration in either the
      pattern or extent of synthesis of cellular or secreted proteins, glycoproteins,
      glycosaminoglycans, and lipids was observed. In addition, vitamin A
      depletion/repletion had no effect on the growth rate or morphology of the cells.

PMID- 6822527
TI  - Steady state kinetic evidence for an acyl-enzyme intermediate in reactions
      catalyzed by bovine spleen cathepsin B.
AB  - Cathepsin B from bovine spleen was shown to catalyze transacylation reactions
      between esters of N-substituted amino acids and nucleophiles. These reactions
      appeared to proceed through an intermediate between cathepsin B and the acyl
      portion of the substrate. Of the various nucleophiles tested, dipeptides were
      found to be the most effective acyl group acceptors. A method was devised for
      calculating the acylation and deacylation rate constants from increases in the
      maximum velocity of disappearance of the substrate with increasing concentrations
      of the nucleophile. The values for the second order rate constants for the
      reaction of the acyl-enzyme with the nucleophile, k4, were found to depend on the
      identity of the dipeptide, while the first order rate constants for formation and
      hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme, k2 and k3, were dipeptide-independent. With N
      alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester at pH 6.5, k2 and k3 were
      found to be 360 s-1 and 6.6 s-1, respectively, indicating that the deacylation
      step was rate-determining for the hydrolysis of this substrate. In contrast,
      dipeptide nucleophiles did not significantly accelerate the cathepsin B-catalyzed
      cleavage of either the p-nitroanilide or the 2-naphthylamide of N alpha
      benzoylarginine, suggesting that the hydrolysis of these amide substrates was
      acylation rate-limiting. These findings support the suggestion that cathepsin B
      is mechanistically similar to the cysteine proteinase papain.

PMID- 6822528
TI  - The interaction of vincristine with calf brain tubulin.
AB  - The interaction of the antimitotic drug vincristine with tubulin has been
      investigated by the techniques of self-assembly, velocity sedimentation,
      fluorescence, circular dichroism, and differential spectroscopy. Vincristine has
      been shown to inhibit the self-assembly of tubulin into microtubules at
      substoichiometric concentrations. The sedimentation velocity patterns at low
      vincristine concentration (less than 1 X 10(-5) M to 7 X 10(-5) M) consist of a
      bimodal boundary with a 5.8 S peak and a fast moving peak, with a nominal S20,w
      value of 9 S. The data conform to the ligand-promoted self-association theory of
      Cann and Goad (Cann, J.R., and Goad, W.B. (1972) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 153, 603
      609). At higher vincristine concentrations (greater than 8 X 10(-5 M), most of
      the protein is polymerized and sediments as a hypersharp peak with a nominal
      S20,w value of approximately 20 S. The association constant for the binding of
      vincristine to tubulin, determined by spectrofluorometry, is 3.5 X 10(4)
      liters/mol at 25 degrees C. The binding of vincristine does not induce any
      significant conformational changes in tubulin; however, the difference spectral
      results indicate perturbation of both vincristine and protein chromophores.

PMID- 6822529
TI  - Noncollagenous proteins of rat compact bone.
AB  - In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the noncollagenous proteins (NCPs)
      of bone matrix, the NCPs were extracted from rat compact bone and fractionated
      using methods aiming to prevent artifactual degradation and losses of protein.
      The NCP content of rat bone was found to be similar to that of rat dentin in
      several respects but different in others. The soluble NCPs of bone fell into four
      categories: acidic glycoproteins, gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins,
      phosphoproteins, and proteoglycans. With the exception of the gamma
      carboxyglutamate-containing proteins, the majority of NCPs had apparent molecular
      weights exceeding 50,000. As in rat dentin, several gamma-carboxyglutamate
      containing proteins could be demonstrated in rat bone. Earlier studies have only
      taken one molecular species into consideration. No highly phosphorylated
      phosphoprotein could be demonstrated in bone. However, at least two
      phosphoproteins with a low degree of phosphorylation were found to be present. No
      plasma proteins could be demonstrated in any of the chromatographic fractions
      from the EDTA extracted NCPs by means of double diffusion. The NCPs, remaining
      firmly associated with the collagenous matrix after thorough demineralization and
      extraction, were analyzed after CNBr and collagenase degradation of the matrix.
      Much smaller amounts of phosphoprotein were recovered after CNBr digestion than
      reported earlier. Collagenase digestion released small amounts of acidic
      glycoprotein, phosphoprotein, and proteoglycan. The results give additional
      evidence that this small remainder might be explained, not by any covalent
      linkage to collagen, but by an inefficient extraction.

PMID- 6822530
TI  - Growth factor-stimulated protein phosphorylation in G0/G1-arrested fibroblasts.
      Two distinct classes of growth factors with potentiating effects.
AB  - Protein phosphorylation of G0/G1-arrested Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CC139
      line) has been analyzed following stimulation by fetal calf serum (FCS) or by a
      variety of growth factors. FCS stimulated the phosphorylation of three major
      polypeptides separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis: a nuclear protein with a Mr of 62,000 daltons, the ribosomal
      protein S6, and a cytosoluble peptide of 27,000 daltons. These phosphorylations
      occurred rapidly after serum stimulation (1 min for the 27,000-dalton peptide, 5
      min for S6 and the 62,000-dalton proteins) and were maximal after 30 min. In
      nonstimulated cells the 27,000-dalton phosphopeptide exists in two forms with
      isoelectric points of 5.7 and 6.0; serum increased the amount of the most acidic
      form. At low concentrations, the "commitment" growth factors, alpha-thrombin, eye
      derived growth factor (EDGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stimulated
      phosphorylation of the 27,000-dalton peptide. At higher concentrations, these
      factors alone reinitiated DNA synthesis and, like FCS, stimulated phosphorylation
      of the three major peptides. In contrast, and suggesting a different mechanism of
      action, "progression" factors such as insulin (1-10 micrograms/ml) and
      multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) are unable to stimulate phosphorylation
      of the 27,000-dalton peptide. However, insulin or MSA which are known to
      potentiate the mitogenic action of alpha-thrombin, PDGF, EDGF, ... were also
      found to potentiate phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6. These results
      support the existence of two classes of growth factors and suggest that protein
      phosphorylation is an early event involved in the control of the cellular G0
      leads to G1 transition.

PMID- 6822531
TI  - C-22-substituted steroid derivatives as substrate analogues and inhibitors of
      cytochrome P-450scc.
AB  - Spectral and kinetic studies are reported for the effects of C-22-substituted
      steroids on purified bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc. The results are
      consistent with the recent proposal that the potency of 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5
      cholen-3 beta-ol as an inhibitor of the enzyme arises from a dual interaction,
      the binding of the steroid ring to the cholesterol site and bonding of the amine
      to the heme iron (Sheets, J.J., and Vickery, L.E., (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 79, 5773-5777). An analogue of the inhibitor with the 5,6 double bond
      reduced, 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5 alpha-cholan-3 beta-ol, was synthesized by a
      similar procedure. A complex of this form with P-450scc produced a 422 nm Soret
      absorption maximum as found for the parent compound, indicating nitrogen
      coordination to the heme iron. A decrease in the spectral dissociation constant
      and inhibitory potency was also observed and is consistent with binding of the
      steroid ring to the cholesterol site on the enzyme. The 22-hydroxy analogue,
      23,24-bisnor-5-cholene-3 beta,22-diol, was also prepared. This derivative
      produced a complex with P-450scc having a Soret peak at 417 nm as in the
      substrate-free form of the enzyme; the diol was also a competitive inhibitor, but
      exhibited decreased potency relative to the amine form. These results provide
      additional support for the role of amine coordination in producing the 422 nm
      species and in contributing to tight binding.

PMID- 6822532
TI  - The catalytic mechanism of glutathione reductase as derived from x-ray
      diffraction analyses of reaction intermediates.
AB  - The mode of binding of NADPH and oxidized glutathione to the flavoenzyme
      glutathione reductase has been determined by x-ray crystallography. Furthermore,
      two intermediates of the reaction have been produced in the crystal and have been
      structurally elucidated. All these analyses were done at 0.3 nm resolution. The
      results allow the stereochemical description of the mechanism of the enzyme. The
      dinucleotide NADPH is bound in an extended conformation with the nicotinamide
      ring stacking onto the re-face of the flavin part of FAD, and adenine located at
      the protein surface. The binding of NADPH results in the 2-electron reduced form
      of the enzyme, EH2. This form has also been analyzed without any ligand bound. In
      EH2 the redoxactive disulfide bridge of the protein, which lies at the si-face of
      the flavin ring, is opened and the sulfur of Cys-58 moves by about 0.1 nm into a
      position where it can attack one of the sulfurs of the substrate oxidized
      glutathione. This interchange leads to a mixed glutathione-protein disulfide,
      which can be stabilized in crystals and has been analyzed. By selectively
      reacting Cys-58 with iodoacetamide the crystalline enzyme can be blocked in its
      EH2 state. The imidazole of His-467' is near to all sulfurs taking part in the
      disulfide bridge exchange and is therefore certainly crucial for catalysis. The
      crystallographic results establish that electrons flow from NADPH to the
      substrate GSSG via flavin and the redoxactive protein disulfide bridge. This is
      consistent with the scheme that has been postulated from biochemical,
      spectroscopic, and model studies.

PMID- 6822534
TI  - Pyruvylated glycolipids from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Structures of two
      oligosaccharide components.
AB  - A crude glycolipid fraction was isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 356 by
      ethanolic extraction and silica gel chromatography. After deacylation of the
      glycolipid fraction, a dipyruvylated pentasaccharide (acidic oligosaccharide A)
      and a monopyruvylated tetrasaccharide (acidic oligosaccharide B1) were purified
      by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Methylation analysis, proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and periodate oxidation suggested
      that oligosaccharide A was 4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-3-O-methyl-beta-D Glcp-(1-3)
      4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha- D Glcp-(1-1)
      alpha-D-Glcp and that oligosaccharide B1 was 4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D
      Glcp-(1-4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-1 ) -alpha-D-Glcp. Both compounds
      contain a trehalose unit as a part of the oligosaccharide structure, and B1
      appears to be a biosynthetic precursor of A because the two differ only in a
      pyruvylated 3-O-methylglucose unit. A third component, acidic oligosaccharide B2,
      differs from oligosaccharide A only in lacking 1 of the 2 pyruvate residues.

PMID- 6822535
TI  - Release of granule contents from sea urchin egg cortices. New assay procedures
      and inhibition by sulfhydryl-modifying reagents.
AB  - We have developed a rapid turbidimetric assay for the release of cortical granule
      contents from cortices prepared from eggs of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus. The decrease in turbidity of cortex suspensions which occurs when the
      free calcium ion concentration is increased to 0.38-0.62 microM can be followed
      spectrophotometrically. Kinetic experiments demonstrate that this calcium
      triggered turbidity change occurs rapidly and with no detectable lag period.
      Evidence indicating that the observed decrease in turbidity results from the
      release of cortical granule contents was obtained by correlating the free calcium
      ion concentration required to initiate the turbidity change with the free calcium
      ion concentration required in microscopic and enzymatic assays. All three assays
      exhibited similar calcium dependence. In the microscopic assay, morphological
      changes are used to assess the extent of cortical granule exocytosis. The
      enzymatic assay is based upon the latency of ovoperoxidase, a cortical granule
      enzyme. Ovoperoxidase catalyzed a 30-125-fold increase in the incorporation of
      [125I]iodine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable cortex protein at and above
      threshold calcium ion concentrations. We have utilized the turbidimetric assay to
      screen several potential inhibitors of the cortical reaction. In confirmation of
      previous reports, we find that the phenothiazine drugs, chlorpromazine and
      trifluoperazine, are inhibitory. Sulfhydryl-modifying reagents, N-ethylmaleimide
      and sodium tetrathionate, are also inhibitory. Inhibition of cortical granule
      enzyme release by N-ethylmaleimide was confirmed with the ovoperoxidase latency
      assay.

PMID- 6822536
TI  - Purification and properties of NADP-dependent formate dehydrogenase from
      Clostridium thermoaceticum, a tungsten-selenium-iron protein.
AB  - NADP-dependent formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.43) from Clostridium
      thermoaceticum has been purified to a specific activity of about 1100 mumol min-1
      mg-1 when assayed at 55 degrees C and pH 7.5. The enzyme is extremely oxygen
      sensitive and 7.6 microM of O2 causes 50% inhibition of initial velocity under
      assay conditions. Purification was done in an atmosphere at 95% N2 and 5% H2 and
      by including azide, dithionite, and glycerol as stabilizing agents in all buffer
      solutions. The enzyme contains, in molar ratios, 2 tungsten, 2 selenium, 36 iron,
      and about 50 inorganic sulfur. It has a molecular weight of about 340,000 and
      consist of two each of two different subunits giving the composition alpha 2 beta
      2. The molecular weight of the alpha-subunit is 96,000 and that of the beta
      subunit is 76,000. The selenium resides in the two alpha-subunits. Tungsten is
      released from the protein on denaturation and may exist as a tungsten cofactor.
      The enzyme catalyzes a reduction of CO2 with NADPH at pH 7.5 and 55 degrees C and
      Keq at these conditions is (2.35 +/- 0.49) x 10(-2) if CO2 is considered the
      active species and (1.48 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3) if HCO3- is the active species.

PMID- 6822533
TI  - Effect of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, on the biological
      properties of acetylcholine receptor in cultured muscle cells.
AB  - We have studied the effect of tunicamycin (TM), an antibiotic which inhibits the
      glycosylation of nascent proteins, on the properties of the acetylcholine
      receptor (AChR) at the surface of embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells. The use
      of two separate assays, specific binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin and
      carbamylcholine-activated 22Na+ uptake, has allowed us to monitor the effects of
      impaired glycosylation on the metabolic and functional properties of AChR. A
      significant decrease in the amounts of surface AChR elaborated in the presence of
      TM is detected by both measurements. This decrease has been found to reflect an
      enhanced proteolytic degradation of the underglycosylated AChR. The
      underglycosylated AChR, expressed on the cell surface in the presence of TM,
      retains the capability of mediating agonist-activated ionic permeability changes,
      but displays quantitatively altered interactions with receptor ligands. We
      conclude that the carbohydrate moiety on AChR may play a role in determining the
      folding of newly synthesized polypeptides to form a conformation compatible with
      the metabolic properties and ligand interactions characteristic of glycosylated
      AChR.

PMID- 6822539
TI  - Binding of Clostridium perfringens 125I-labeled delta-toxin to erythrocytes.
AB  - Hemolytically active, 125I-labeled delta-toxin from Clostridium perfringens was
      used to study the binding of this cytolysin to sheep, goat, human, rabbit, horse,
      mouse, and guinea pig erythrocytes. The extent of toxin binding was correlated
      with the known hemolytic specificity of the toxin. Detailed studies of the
      binding were carried out on sheep erythrocytes which showed the highest
      sensitivity to lysis by delta-toxin. Simultaneous determination of toxin binding
      and release of intracellular 86Rb+ and hemoglobin suggested that toxin binding
      and membrane damage were separate sequential events. Toxin binding was rapid (2-5
      min) and temperature-dependent. The extent of binding was temperature
      independent. Binding was saturable, specific, relatively tight (Ka = 4.4 X 10(8)
      M-1) and largely irreversible. A single type of binding site (7,000/sheep
      erythrocyte) was found. Cell-bound toxin was extractable by chaotropic ions.
      Preincubation of the toxin with N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]
      galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2 ganglioside) inhibited both binding and
      hemolysis. Toxin binding was affected by pretreatment of sheep erythrocytes with
      pronase but not with trypsin or chymotrypsin. Cell treatment with neuraminidase
      prevented toxin binding by 30%. Preincubation of the toxin with specific immune
      sera blocked its binding on target cells. It is suggested that GM2 ganglioside, a
      more complex membrane component containing this glycolipid or a structurally
      related molecule is the binding site for delta-toxin on the surface of sensitive
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6822538
TI  - Subunit structure of electron transfer flavoprotein.
AB  - The electron transfer flavoprotein from pig liver mitochondria is a 57,000-dalton
      electron transferase which links several primary flavoprotein dehydrogenases with
      the mitochondrial electron transport system. The protein was previously reported
      to be a dimer of apparently identical subunits. There are conflicting estimates
      in the literature regarding the FAD content of the protein. The results presented
      here clearly show that the protein contains nonidentical subunits based on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 8 M urea and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The molecular weights of the subunits are 31,000 and 27,000. Analysis of
      peptides generated by cleavage of the subunits with cyanogen bromide show that
      the subunits have different primary structures. This result and amino acid
      analyses of the protein and the purified subunits show that the heterogeneity
      cannot be due to proteolysis. Using an experimentally determined molar extinction
      coefficient for the protein-bound flavin, a minimum Mr = 55,000 was calculated,
      indicating that the protein contains 1 mol of FAD/mol of protein.

PMID- 6822537
TI  - Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef
      heart by branched chain keto acids.
AB  - Incubation of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex with 2-ketoisovalerate, 2
      keto-4-methylvalerate, or 2-keto-3-methylvalerate leads to the appearance of a
      lag phase and of a progressive loss of activity in subsequent measurements of the
      initial rate of oxidation of 2-ketoglutarate. In the case of 2-ketoisovalerate
      these effects are shown to be due to the formation of an isobutyryllipoate
      derivative of the enzyme, as a result of the very slow oxidation of 2
      ketoisovalerate by the enzyme complex (Vmax congruent to 0.15% of that for 2
      ketoglutarate). Incubation of the enzyme complex with 2-keto[14C]isovalerate or 2
      keto[14C]glutarate results in comparable incorporation of radioactivity,
      amounting to 3.5 to 5.3 nmol of isobutyryl or succinyl residues per mg of protein
      in the complex. Isobutyryl residues are also incorporated in the enzyme during
      the simultaneous oxidation of both of these substrates. During the early phase of
      incubation of the complex with 2-ketoisovalerate the incorporation of isobutyryl
      residues is much faster than the loss of enzyme activity. This observation seems
      to support the suggestion that each 2-ketoglutarate decarboxylase subunit of the
      complex may catalyze the succinylation of more than one lipoate
      succinyltransferase subunit. Results are also presented showing the inactivation
      of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex on preincubation with 2-ketoisovalerate and of
      2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex with methylenecyclopropylpyruvate, the keto
      acid corresponding to the toxic amino acid hypoglycin. The relevance of covalent
      modifications of the two keto acid dehydrogenase complexes to the pathological
      manifestations of maple syrup urine disease are discussed.

PMID- 6822541
TI  - Partial purification and reconstitution of the Na+-D-glucose cotransport protein
      from pig renal proximal tubules.
AB  - Brush border membranes from renal proximal tubules were solubilized with
      deoxycholate, and the proteins were incorporated into liposomes formed from
      cholesterol and phosphatidylserine by a freeze-thaw procedure. In the
      proteoliposomes Na+-D-glucose cotransport was demonstrated by showing that the D
      glucose concentration in the liposomes increased far above the equilibrium value
      if a Na+ gradient was applied. The initial D-glucose uptake rate, stimulated by
      an inside directed gradient of 89 mM Na+, was 4 pmol/mg of protein-1 s-1. High
      affinity phlorizin binding could not be measured. After two precipitation steps
      with the solubilized membrane proteins, a protein fraction was obtained in which
      significantly high affinity phlorizin binding was detected. After reconstitution,
      proteoliposomes were formed in which more than 70% of the protein was represented
      by two polypeptides with molecular weights of 94,000 and 52,000. An initial Na+
      gradient-dependent D-glucose uptake rate of 118 pmol/mg of protein-1 s-1 was
      obtained. In these liposomes, the D-glucose uptake rate could be inhibited by
      phlorizin (Ki = 0.3 microM), and 55-pmol phlorizin-binding sites per mg of
      protein (KD = 0.5 microM) were measured. In different liposomal preparations a
      correlation between Na+ gradient-dependent D-glucose uptake rate and the amount
      of 52,000 molecular weight polypeptide was observed.

PMID- 6822540
TI  - The structure of the complex type oligosaccharide from rabbit hepatic binding
      protein. A re-examination.

PMID- 6822542
TI  - Multiple forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in Xenopus laevis. Properties,
      purification, and subunit structure of class III RNA polymerases.
AB  - The class III RNA polymerases present in Xenopus laevis tissues were solubilized
      and partially purified by ion exchange chromatography. Single chromatographic
      species were detected in extracts from ovary, liver, and a kidney-derived
      cultured cell, whereas two chromatographic forms were detected in liver extracts.
      All class III enzymes analyzed exhibited characteristic responses to ionic
      strength changes, synthetic polynucleotide templates, and alpha-amanitin. These
      chromatographic and catalytic properties readily distinguished all the class III
      enzymes from the corresponding class I and II enzymes but clearly failed to
      reveal any significant differences between the various ovarian and somatic class
      III enzymes (with the possible exception of one of the liver enzyme forms). The
      ovarian RNA polymerase III was completely soluble in low ionic strength buffers
      and was subjected to further purification via standard procedures involving
      differential centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and ion exchange
      chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions
      revealed at least 10 distinct polypeptides (designated subunits a-j) which were
      consistently present in near equimolar amounts and which ranged in size from
      155,000 to 19,000 daltons. Several smaller polypeptides (less than 19,000) were
      also evident in all preparations but were not further characterized. Analysis of
      the chromatographically purified RNA polymerase on nondenaturing gels revealed
      two electrophoretic forms, although subsequent analysis on denaturing gels failed
      to reveal any differences in polypeptide composition. From the present data, it
      is estimated that there are about 4 X 10(9) molecules of RNA polymerase III per
      oocyte nucleus. This extraordinary level of soluble RNA polymerase III in part
      explains the ability of oocyte nuclei (or extracts) to support the active
      transcription of exogenous tRNA and 5 S RNA genes. The present and previous data
      concerning the properties and structures of the oocyte versus somatic cell
      enzymes also suggest that the RNA polymerase III present in the oocyte is
      functionally equivalent to a somatic cell enzyme and support the previous
      suggestion that this enzyme is conserved and used later in (somatic) embryonic
      cells.

PMID- 6822543
TI  - Peptide intermediates in the degradation of cellular proteins. Bestatin permits
      their accumulation in mouse liver in vivo.
AB  - We have previously shown that bestatin (an aminopeptidase inhibitor) permits the
      accumulation of di- and tripeptide intermediates in the degradation of abnormal
      globin (Botbol, V., and Scornik, O. A. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76,
      710-713; Botbol, V., and Scornik, O. A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11254-11257).
      We now report that this drug (1 mg, intravenously, 5-30 min) causes similar
      intermediates to appear during breakdown of normal cellular proteins in the
      livers of live mice labeled 1 or 20 h before with L-[1-14C]Leu or L-[1-14C]Arg.
      These intermediates represent an estimated 20% of all degraded cellular protein.
      Lysosomal degradation of labeled asialoglycoproteins taken up by endocytosis is
      less affected by bestatin. After homogenization and centrifugation of the livers,
      we find a major fraction of the intermediates in the cytosol. Another fraction
      sediments at 27,000 X g in 15 min. The fraction that sediments is larger for Arg
      labeled (30%) than for Leu-labeled (10%) peptides. The particulate fraction does
      not represent soluble peptides trapped in the pellet during fractionation because
      it does not appear when soluble intermediates are added to nonradioactive
      homogenates. The presence of intermediates in particulate and soluble fractions
      could result from protein breakdown either in both compartments or in organelles
      from which the peptides escape. We favor the latter possibility because (a) the
      particulate fraction does not increase after stimulation of autophagy by
      injection of glucagon (40 micrograms, 75 min before killing), (b) the subcellular
      distribution is the same whether intermediates are produced during the
      degradation of short or long lived proteins, and (c) chromatographic fingerprints
      of the particulate and soluble components reveal the same seven bands. The
      presence of well defined intermediates of cellular protein degradation in the
      particulate fraction of liver homogenates provides a valuable marker in the
      isolation and characterization of autophagic organelles.

PMID- 6822544
TI  - Phosphorylation of brain cytosol proteins. Effects of phospholipids and
      calmodulin.
AB  - Calmodulin was removed from brain cytosol by DEAE-52 chromatography or by
      affinity chromatography employing fluphenazine-Sepharose. The substrates
      phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase after chromatography differed
      depending on the method used, and both chromatographic methods altered the
      phosphorylation pattern as compared to untreated cytosol. Cytosol,
      chromatographed on fluphenazine-Sepharose, retained most of the characteristics
      of untreated cytosol. Both calmodulin and phospholipids increased the
      phosphorylation of specific but separate brain cytosol proteins in a Ca2+
      dependent manner. The effects of phospholipids could be mimicked by the
      detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the hydrophobic probe, 8-anilino-1
      naphthalenesulfonate. Furthermore, the calmodulin-induced increase in
      phosphorylation, but not that produced by phospholipids, was blocked by 8-anilino
      1-naphthalenesulfonate. These results suggest that the effects of phospholipids
      may not be due to the presence of a specific phospholipid-sensitive protein
      kinase in cytosol, but rather to a general interaction of hydrophobic probes with
      either specific substrate proteins or with the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase itself.

PMID- 6822545
TI  - The fate of an N-formylated chemotactic peptide in stimulated human granulocytes.
      Subcellular fractionation studies.
AB  - Experiments were performed to examine how human granulocytes process the
      chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe after stimulation by the same peptide.
      Purified human granulocytes were stimulated with 50 nM N-formyl-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe
      at 37 degrees C for various times, washed, lysed by N2 cavitation, and
      fractionated by isopycnic sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The major
      subcellular fractions identified were plasma membrane, Golgi, granules,
      endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. After 1 min of stimulation,
      radioactivity was found only in the plasma membrane (sedimentable) and cytosol
      (soluble) fraction. At 5, 10, and 25 min, radioactivity also appeared in a
      sedimentable, low density fraction (25-28% sucrose) enriched in galactosyl
      transferase activity and containing Golgi structures. The accumulation in the
      sedimentable fractions was maximal after 5 min but continued to increase linearly
      in the cytosol fraction. Incorporation of radioactivity into cells or membrane
      and soluble fractions was 60 to 85% specific and was inhibited if incubation with
      N-formyl-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe was performed at 4 degrees C. 80-90% of the radiolabel
      in the plasma membrane or Golgi-containing fractions remained sedimentable
      despite freeze thawing or sonication. Solubilization of these fractions in Triton
      X-100 followed by Sepharose 4B column chromatography revealed that the radiolabel
      eluted in the void volume. Our results are consistent with internalization which
      proceeds by passage of an occupied receptor in a high affinity, supramolecular
      complex from the plasma membrane to the Golgi followed by accumulation of peptide
      in the cytosol.

PMID- 6822546
TI  - Molecular motion and conformation of cholesteryl esters in reconstituted high
      density lipoprotein by deuterium magnetic resonance.
AB  - Reconstituted high density lipoprotein has been prepared by sonication and
      preparative ultracentrifugation of mixtures containing the apoprotein of high
      density lipoprotein, egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl oleate, and acyl chain
      deuterated cholesteryl palmitate in aqueous buffer. The resulting structures have
      a size and chemical composition very similar to native high density lipoprotein.
      Deuterium NMR spectra and longitudinal relaxation times were obtained at
      approximately 25 degrees C. The variation of the 2H NMR line width with chain
      position is consistent with an average conformation such that the ester acyl
      chain is extended. In addition, 2H NMR line widths and longitudinal relaxation
      times indicate that the ester acyl chains possess significant mobility.

PMID- 6822548
TI  - Increased synthesis of glutathione S-transferases in response to anticarcinogenic
      antioxidants. Cloning and measurement of messenger RNA.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase activities in mouse hepatic cytosols are elevated as
      much as 11-fold following the administration of BHA (2(3)-tert-butyl-4
      hydroxyanisole), a widely used antioxidant food additive. Ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro
      6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) and disulfiram
      [bis(diethyldithiocarbamyl)disulfide] also enhance the activities of glutathione
      S-transferases and certain other enzymes. Each of these compounds protects
      rodents against mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolites. A major (pI 8.7) and a
      minor (pI 9.3) component of the family of mouse hepatic glutathione S
      transferases have been purified to homogeneity. These transferases are
      immunologically cross-reactive, and have a high degree of NH2-terminal sequence
      homology (but are not identical). The enzymes differ in a number of molecular and
      catalytic properties. The transferases are 12-fold elevated by dietary BHA as
      demonstrated by immunotitration. The mRNA for the major glutathione S-transferase
      is increased more than 20-fold in the liver RNA of BHA-fed mice, as determined by
      translation of total liver mRNA and characterization of the products by
      immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis or by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. A cDNA plasmid complementary to glutathione S
      transferase mRNA was constructed. Translation of liver mRNA selected by
      hybridization with this plasmid gave products similar to or identical with
      glutathione S-transferase polypeptides. The cDNA insert has been partially
      sequenced and its orientation has been determined. Its sequence corresponds to
      the NH2-terminal region (beginning at residue 9) of the amino acid sequence of
      the glutathione S-transferase with pI 9.3. Hybridization of the 32P-labeled cDNA
      plasmid with total liver RNA indicates a 26-fold increase in homologous mRNA in
      response to the feeding of BHA.

PMID- 6822547
TI  - Intracellular translocation and metabolism of a fluorescent phosphatidic acid
      analogue in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - We have investigated the metabolism and intracellular translocation of a
      fluorescent derivative of phosphatidic acid, 1-acyl-2-[(N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3
      diazole)aminocaproyl] phosphatidic acid (C6-NBD-PA), and its metabolites, in
      Chinese hamster fibroblasts. This derivative is rapidly transferred from
      phospholipid vesicles to cells at 2 degrees C, and results in fluorescent
      labeling of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membrane of
      intact cells during its metabolism predominantly to fluorescent diglyceride
      (Pagano, R. E., Longmuir, K. J., Martin, O. C., and Struck, D. K. (1981) J. Cell
      Biol. 91, 872-877). In the present study, we show that, upon warming to 37
      degrees C, the fluorescence associated with the endoplasmic reticulum was greatly
      reduced, while cytoplasmic lipid droplets, which were initially nonfluorescent,
      became intensely labeled. This altered intracellular distribution of fluorescence
      was accompanied by further metabolism of the fluorescent lipids to NBD
      triglyceride and NBD-phosphatidylcholine. Although NBD-fatty acid was also
      produced, it was not re-utilized in the synthesis of other cellular lipids.
      Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrated that primarily NBD-labeled
      triglyceride was associated with the intracellular lipid droplets, although
      substantial amounts of NBD-labeled phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and
      diglyceride were also present in the whole cell extracts. This finding was
      confirmed in a separate experiment in which the fluorescent lipids associated
      with the intracellular lipid droplets were selectively and irreversibly
      photobleached in situ. Extraction and analysis of the fluorescent lipids revealed
      that NBD-triglyceride was preferentially photobleached. These results indicate
      that "sorting" of the NBD-labeled lipids into various cytoplasmic compartments
      accompanied their metabolism.

PMID- 6822550
TI  - A calorimetric investigation of the binding of indole and phenylethane boronic
      acid to chymotrypsin.
AB  - The heat of formation of the chymotrypsin-phenylethane boronic acid complex has
      been observed calorimetrically from pH 4 to 8 at 25 degrees C and is found to be
      pH-dependent, changing from near -6 kcal/mol at pH 4 to -13 kcal/mol at pH 8. The
      heat of formation of the chymotrypsin-indole complex is a nearly constant -6
      kcal/mol over most of the same pH range. alpha-Chymotrypsin has been purified by
      pH gradient elution from an immobilized lima bean inhibitor column. Solutions of
      the enzyme up to 400 microM, prepared in this manner, have a zero heat of
      dilution from pH 5 to 8 in 0.1 M KCl, with or without added 0.05 M Tris, N
      (tris[hydroxy-methyl]methyl-2-amino) ethanesulfonic acid, 4
      morpholineethanesulfonic acid, or acetate buffers. Binding of phenylethane
      boronic acid causes a pH-dependent decrease in proton binding to chymotrypsin;
      the decrease in proton binding evoked by formation of the indole complex is much
      less, with a much smaller pH dependence. The calorimetric and proton-binding
      results are applied to a model for boronic acid binding (Hanai, K. (1976) J.
      Biochem. (Tokyo) 79, 107-116). We conclude that the thermodynamics of formation
      of the trigonal boronic acid complex are quite similar to those for the formation
      of the noncovalent complex formed by indole and related ligands. The trigonal
      tetrahedral tautomerism in the boronic acid-chymotrypsin complex is characterized
      by thermodynamic changes similar to those accompanying the binding of virtual
      substrates to chymotrypsin.

PMID- 6822549
TI  - Thyroglobulin structure-function. The amino acid sequence surrounding thyroxine.
AB  - A 19-residue, thyroxine (T4)-containing peptide, Tryp-T4, has been isolated from
      the tryptic digest of a low molecular weight, iodine-enriched fragment derived
      from 19S bovine thyroglobulin. This tryptic peptide represents the only site of
      significant iodination in the parent polypeptide fragment. The amino acid
      sequence of the tryptic peptide has been determined and is NH2-Asn-Ile-Phe-Glu-T4
      Gln-Val-Asp-Ala-Gln-Pro-Leu-Arg-Pro-Cys-Glu-Leu-Gln- Arg-COOH. The carboxyl
      terminal sequence of this peptide shows a high probability of a beta-turn. These
      findings establish the involvement of at least a single unique sequence within
      thyroglobulin in thyroxine biosynthesis and the general nature of a hormonogenic
      site within this protein. This sequence contains at least 30% of the thyroxine
      present in 19 S bovine thyroglobulin.

PMID- 6822551
TI  - Measurement of Sarcophaga peregrina lectin under various physiological conditions
      by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Lectin induced in the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae on
      injury of the body wall or on pupation was studied further by radioimmunoassay,
      focusing on the interaction between the lectin and hemocytes. It was found that
      the amount of lectin on the surface of hemocytes prepared from injured larvae
      increased with time after injury of the body wall. Radioiodinated lectin could
      bind to hemocytes prepared from injured larvae more effectively than those from
      normal larvae, indicating a difference in the affinities to lectin of hemocytes
      from these two sources. The lectin was found to be synthesized in the fat-body
      and then secreted into the hemolymph both on injury of the body wall and on
      pupation. A significant level of lectin was maintained in pupae during the entire
      pupal stage, but it decreased rapidly before emergence, and no lectin was found
      in newly emerged flies. Since the lectin greatly activated the activity of mouse
      bone marrow cells to kill Candida parapsilosis cells, the biological significance
      of humoral lectin in the defense mechanism was discussed from the ontogenic
      viewpoint.

PMID- 6822552
TI  - Separation of a plasma phospholipid transfer protein from cholesterol
      ester/phospholipid exchange protein.

PMID- 6822553
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter by N6-(p
      Azidobenzyl)adenosine and nitrobenzylthioinosine. Evidence that the transporter
      is a band 4.5 polypeptide.
AB  - N6-(p-Azidobenzyl)adenosine (ABA) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) were
      employed as covalent probes of the nucleoside transport mechanism in human
      erythrocytes. NBMPR, a potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, binds tightly
      (KD 0.3-1 nM) to specific sites on nucleoside transporter elements. ABA, a less
      potent inhibitor of uridine influx, competitively inhibited NBMPR binding (Ki 15
      nM). [3H]ABA was bound tightly (KD 13.4 nM) but reversibly to sites on
      erythrocytes which appeared to be those which bind NBMPR. ABA binding was
      inhibited by uridine and adenosine. Irradiation with UV light caused site-bound
      [3H]ABA on erythrocyte membranes to become covalently bound and, similarly,
      photoactivation resulted in covalent attachment of membrane-bound [3H]NBMPR. In
      the presence of dithiothreitol, a free radical scavenger, photoactivation of the
      site-bound 3H-ligand on membranes depleted of extrinsic membrane proteins
      resulted in selective incorporation of 3H into band 4.5 of the membrane
      polypeptides which were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electropherograms. This result, when considered with previous findings, indicates
      that the NBMPR-binding component of the nucleoside transport mechanism (or the
      entire mechanism, if the NBMPR site is an integral part) is a band 4.5
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6822554
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing
      glycosphingolipid from spermatozoa of a fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis
      schlegelii.
AB  - A novel glycosphingolipid, provisionally named Lipid IV (Hori, T., Sugita, M.,
      Ando, S., Kuwahara, M., Kumauchi, K., Sugie, E., and Itasaka, O. (1981) J. Biol.
      Chem. 256, 10979-10985), was obtained from spermatozoa of the fresh water
      bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii. The yield of the glycolipid was 2.2 mg/g of dried
      spermatozoa. The structure of the glycolipid was elucidated by partial
      hydrolysis, permethylation analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The
      following structure is proposed: GlcA4Me beta 1-4(GalNAc3Me alpha 1-3)Fuc alpha 1
      4GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3(Xyl beta 1-2)Man beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer. The acidic
      glycolipid is unique in containing 4-O-methylglucuronic acid as well as an
      internally located fucose. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, and C18-sphingosine are
      the major aliphatic components. This composition is similar to those of other
      neutral spermatozoan glycolipids, Lipid I (Hori, T., Sugita, M., Kanbayashi, J.,
      and Itasaka, O. (1977) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 81, 107-114) and Lipid II (Hori, T.,
      Takeda, H., Sugita, M., and Itasaka, O. (1977) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 82, 1281
      1285), suggesting a possible metabolic relationship among them.

PMID- 6822556
TI  - Properties of the bound coenzyme and subunit structure of omega-amino
      acid:pyruvate aminotransferase.

PMID- 6822555
TI  - Leghemoglobin. Kinetic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and optical studies of pH
      dependence of oxygen and carbon monoxide binding.
AB  - The rate of dissociation of oxygen from soybean oxyleghemoglobin a increases
      about 5-fold between pH 4 and pH 7, with apparent pK = 5.46 and n = 1. The rate
      of dissociation of carbon monoxide from carbon monoxyleghemoglobin a and the
      rates of combination of oxygen and carbon monoxide with ferrous leghemoglobin a
      are all invariant in this range of pH. The optical spectrum of oxyleghemoglobin
      in the visible region and the resonances of the four heme meso protons (protons
      of the bridge carbon atoms) in the NMR spectrum of oxyleghemoglobin are also
      dependent on pH with pK near 5.5. We suggest that protonation of the imidazole of
      the distal histidine residue (His 61) leads to formation of a hydrogen bond to
      the bound oxygen molecule which affects the electronic configuration or
      conformation of the heme and decreases the rate of oxygen dissociation.

PMID- 6822557
TI  - Interaction of proline, 5-oxoproline, and pipecolic acid for renal transport in
      the rabbit.

PMID- 6822558
TI  - Novel haloperoxidase substrates. Alkynes and cyclopropanes.
AB  - Two new substrate classes that can be halogenated by haloperoxidase have been
      discovered. The enzymatic halogenation of alkynes yields alpha-halogenated
      ketones, and the enzymatic halogenation of cyclopropanes yields alpha, gamma
      halohydrins. The general reaction scheme proposed involves the initial formation
      of hypohalous acid as the key intermediate. This proposed mechanism, based upon
      observed differences in product selectivities, is opposite of that proposed
      previously, based upon observed differences in substrate selectivities. The
      biosynthetic implications of these novel haloperoxidase reactions are also
      discussed.

PMID- 6822559
TI  - Sterol partitioning among intracellular membranes. Testing a model for cellular
      sterol distribution.

PMID- 6822561
TI  - Schiff base adducts of glyceraldehyde with hemoglobin. Differences in the Amadori
      rearrangement at the alpha-amino groups.

PMID- 6822560
TI  - Studies of synthetic peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix. Competitive
      displacement of exchangeable apolipoproteins from native lipoproteins.

PMID- 6822562
TI  - Transcription of adenovirus-2 major late promoter inhibited by monoclonal
      antibody directed against RNA polymerases IIO and IIA.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody directed against RNA polymerases IIO and IIA completely
      inhibits specific transcription from the major late promoter of adenovirus-2. At
      comparable antibody concentrations, only a slight inhibition of polymerase III
      transcription of VA RNA I is observed. Inhibition of polymerase II transcription
      is specific for monoclonal IgM directed against RNA polymerase II. High
      concentrations of control IgM do not inhibit transcription. Specific
      transcription from the conalbumin and ovalbumin promoters is also inhibited by
      polymerase-specific monoclonal IgM but not control IgM. These results suggest
      that the in vitro transcription of the conalbumin, ovalbumin, and adenovirus-2
      major late promoter is catalyzed by RNA polymerase(s) IIO and/or IIA but not RNA
      polymerase IIB. However, transcription from calf thymus DNA, known to contain
      nicks, is not inhibited by polymerase specific monoclonal antibody. Thus, the
      monoclonal antibody does not interfere with initiation or elongation of RNA
      polymerase from nonpromoter sites but does appear to selectively inhibit
      transcription from promoter sites.

PMID- 6822563
TI  - Induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase in 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation.
AB  - The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the content and turnover
      of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component were measured during the differentiation
      of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The specific activity of "total"
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex increased approximately 7-fold in 3T3-L1
      adipocytes differentiated with a treatment of insulin plus dexamethasone plus 1
      methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine. The ratio of "active" pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      to total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex remained unaltered in both 3T3-L1
      preadipocytes and adipocytes. A specific goat antibody to bovine kidney pyruvate
      dehydrogenase quantitatively precipitated both alpha and beta subunits of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase from solubilized 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using
      immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis techniques, we demonstrated an
      approximate 6-fold increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase content in 3T3-L1
      adipocytes as compared to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Pulse labeling experiments
      revealed an approximately 5-fold increase in the rates of synthesis of both alpha
      and beta subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 6 days of
      the hormonal treatment compared to those observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In
      contrast, the half-lives of alpha and beta subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase
      were not significantly altered in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (41 h) and adipocytes (49
      h). The 6-8-fold increment in the specific activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex in 3T3-L1 adipocytes therefore results from increased rates of synthesis
      of alpha and beta subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6822564
TI  - Purification and properties of O6-methylguanine-DNA transmethylase from rat
      liver.

PMID- 6822565
TI  - Specific cell adhesion to immobilized glycoproteins demonstrated using new
      reagents for protein and glycoprotein immobilization.

PMID- 6822567
TI  - L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The location of NAD binding sites and
      the bilobal subunit structure.
AB  - 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved
      in the beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. The determination of its
      molecular structure at 5.25-A resolution by x-ray diffraction techniques is
      described. Three isomorphous derivatives, K2PtCl6, methyl mercuric chloride, and
      IrCl3, were prepared using crystals previously soaked in an NAD-containing
      solution. The positions of the heavy atom sites were determined by inspection of
      Patterson maps and confirmed by cross-difference Fourier maps. After refinement
      of the heavy atom positions, electron density maps at 5.25-A resolution were
      calculated. Careful study of these electron density maps revealed a unique
      crystalline packing arrangement in which the asymmetric unit contained 1.5 dimers
      of L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. With this packing motif, one L-3
      hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase dimer lies in a general position in the
      asymmetric unit, while the other dimer is located such that its molecular 2-fold
      axis is coincident with a crystallographic dyad. At 5.25-A resolution, each L-3
      hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase subunit displays a bilobal structure. The
      larger lobe, which binds NAD, has approximate dimensions of 37 X 45 X 35 A. The
      size of the smaller lobe is approximately 30 X 23 X 20 A. Difference Fourier maps
      between the crystalline apo- and holoenzyme have also been calculated at 5.25-A
      resolution, and preliminary model fitting studies show that NAD binds to L-3
      hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase in an open conformation similar to that
      found in other dehydrogenases.

PMID- 6822566
TI  - Syrian hamster glucocorticoid receptors. Characteristics of binding of partially
      purified receptor to DNA.

PMID- 6822568
TI  - Kinetic evidence for a conformation change of tubulin preceding microtubule
      assembly.
AB  - The assembly of microtubule protein has been investigated under conditions where
      the microtubule seeds concentration was varied. The plot of the apparent first
      order elongation rate constant with microtubule number concentration strongly
      deviated from the linearity predicted by Oosawa's condensation model and reached
      a limit at a high concentration of seeds. The increase in seeds concentration was
      quantitatively assessed from the histograms of microtubule length distribution
      and from the parallel increases in the rate of depolymerization at 4 degrees C
      and steady state rate of GTP hydrolysis at microtubule ends. The limit elongation
      rate constant was independent of elongating sites and tubulin concentrations and
      was attributed to the true first order rate constant of a conformation change of
      tubulin preceding its assembly in microtubules. It is hypothesized that
      polymerizable tubulin would represent a small fraction only of the tubulin
      molecules in equilibrium with unpolymerizable species. Microtubule assembly would
      follow the shift of this equilibrium which is fast as compared to the rate of
      polymerization at low concentration of elongating sites but becomes rate limiting
      at higher concentrations.

PMID- 6822569
TI  - The adsorption of prothrombin to phosphatidylserine multilayers quantitated by
      ellipsometry.
AB  - We investigated by means of an automated ellipsometer the adsorption of
      prothrombin from a buffer solution by multilayers of 14:0/14:0- and 18:1/18:1
      phosphatidylserine (PS) stacked on chromium slides. In this instrument thickness
      and refractive index of the adsorbed phospholipid and proteins are monitored
      continuously. Two equations are derived to relate the mass of stacked
      phospholipids and the mass of protein adsorbed to the thickness and refractive
      index. These equations are based upon the Lorentz-Lorenz relation among the molar
      refractivities, refractive indices, and the densities of binary mixtures.
      Experimental validation of these equations is performed by measuring stacked
      multilayers of known mass of phosphatidylserine and the adsorption of [125I]
      albumin and [3H]prothrombin on these multilayers. Using these equations we
      measured the dissociation constants Kd and the number of binding sites nb of
      prothrombin. Values of Kd = 0.15 x 10(-8) M and nb = 122 molecules of PS/molecule
      of prothrombin were observed for di C14:0 PS and values of Kd = 0.45 x 10(-8) M
      and nb = 54 molecules of PS/molecule of prothrombin for di C18:1 PS. These data
      compare well to data obtained by other methods available in the literature.

PMID- 6822570
TI  - Purification and properties of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from human
      erythrocytes. A single enzyme catalyzing the four sequential decarboxylations of
      uroporphyrinogens I and III.

PMID- 6822571
TI  - Isolation, biological and chemical characterization, and synthesis of a
      neurotensin-related hexapeptide from chicken intestine.
AB  - A new biologically active peptide of the neurotensin (NT) family, shown
      previously to cross-react in a COOH-terminal-directed radioimmunoassay for bovine
      NT, has been isolated from extracts of chicken intestine and identified as H-Lys
      Asn-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH, which is identical with the biologically active COOH
      terminal half of NT except for the amino acid substitutions Lys/Arg and Asn/Arg.
      It is proposed that this peptide be referred to as Lys8, Asn9, NT8-13 (LANT-6).
      Synthetic material prepared with this amino acid sequence using the Merrifield
      technique was immunochemically, chromatographically, and biologically
      indistinguishable from the native peptide. In contrast to chicken NT which
      induced hypotension, hyperglycemia, increased vascular permeability, and cyanosis
      when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, synthetic LANT-6 brought
      about primarily a hypertensive response and had little ability to promote
      hyperglycemia, increased vascular permeability, and cyanosis. In rats pretreated
      with the alpha-blocker phentolamine and in adrenalectomized rats, the
      hypertensive response to LANT-6 was blocked, suggesting that adrenal
      catecholamines mediated this effect. These findings suggest that LANT-6, a
      natural variant of NT with a different spectrum of biologic activity, may be a NT
      related messenger peptide with a different function(s).

PMID- 6822572
TI  - Effects of troponin-I plus-C on the binding of troponin-T and its fragments to
      alpha-tropomyosin. Ca2+ sensitivity and cooperativity.
AB  - The binding of troponin-I to tropomyosin, as well as its effects on the binding
      of troponin-T and its fragments T1 (residues 1-158) and T2 (residues 159-259) to
      tropomyosin, have been studied using immobilized alpha-tropomyosin. When applied
      alone, troponin-I exhibited weak interaction with tropomyosin and was eluted with
      a NaCl gradient at 0.12 M. Intact troponin-T was eluted at 0.40 M NaCl, while its
      fragment T1 was eluted from site 1 (near the COOH terminus of tropomyosin) at
      0.32 M, independently from T2, which was eluted from site 2 (near Cys-190) at
      0.22 M NaCl. However, the simultaneous presence of troponin-I and T2 resulted in
      formation of a strong troponin-I/T2/tropomyosin ternary complex at site 2 such
      that troponin-I/T2 complex was now eluted at 0.45 to 0.5 M NaCl. This binding was
      Ca2+-sensitive in the presence of troponin-C. An additional effect of troponin-I
      binding at site 2 was the strengthening of the T1/tropomyosin interaction at site
      1, such that T1 was now eluted at the higher value of 0.45 to 0.50 M NaCl.
      Troponin-I also enhanced the binding of intact troponin-T to tropomyosin. These
      results suggest that cooperativity exists between the two sites, presumably
      induced by the binding of troponin-I to tropomyosin and mediated by a
      conformational change in the latter.

PMID- 6822573
TI  - Polarized amino acid transport by an epithelial cell line of renal origin (LLC
      PK1). The apical systems.
AB  - The transport of D-aspartate has been studied in an epithelial cell line from a
      pig kidney. The amino acid is accumulated by LLC-PK1 cells without evidence of
      metabolism. The accumulation against a concentration gradient occurs through a
      mechanism with several features of a carrier-mediated process. The influx may be
      accounted for by a saturable Na+-dependent and nonsaturable Na+-independent
      process. The presence of Na+ in the incubation medium increases Vmax without
      affecting Km. A number of differences in the apparent affinities and specifities
      allows one to differentiate between this and the acidic amino acid transport
      system from other tissues. Polarized uptake from either side of the monolayers
      indicates that the acidic amino acid transport system is preferentially located
      in the apical membrane of the cultured renal cells. The apical localization of
      this system clearly contrasts with the basolateral localization of the other
      three neutral amino acid transport systems reported previously, indicating a high
      degree of cell polarization. The present study shows a close similarity between
      the Na+-dependent acidic amino acid transport system in LLC-PK1 cells and the
      system present in the apical membrane of the proximal tubular cells.

PMID- 6822574
TI  - Host-dependent variation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides at individual
      glycosylation sites of Sindbis virus glycoproteins.
AB  - We examined the Asn-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of
      the two envelope glycoproteins of Sindbis virus, E1 and E2. The analysis was done
      by separating tryptic glycopeptides by reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography and analyzing the oligosaccharides from isolated glycopeptides by
      gel filtration chromatography. Both E1 and E2 have two glycosylation sites each
      in virus grown in chick embryo fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells, and
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our results indicate that previously observed host
      dependent variation in the oligosaccharides of Sindbis virus glycoproteins are
      probably attributable to differences in oligosaccharide composition at individual
      sites of E1 and E2 and not to differences in the frequency of glycosylation of
      these sites. One of the two glycosylation sites in E1 has exclusively complex
      type oligosaccharides regardless of the host cell type. However, the second
      glycosylation site in E1 has high mannose oligosaccharides in virus grown in
      chick embryo fibroblasts, complex oligosaccharides in virus from baby hamster
      kidney cells, and both complex and high mannose oligosaccharides in virus from
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. E2 has one glycosylation site which has primarily
      high mannose oligosaccharides and one site which has primarily complex type
      oligosaccharides. Certain sites which have predominantly complex type glycans
      also have a small number of two specific classes of oligosaccharides which are
      cleaved by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and may be high mannose type. Our
      findings are discussed with regard to regulation of oligosaccharide processing in
      animal cells.

PMID- 6822575
TI  - Purification of the intermediate filament-associated protein, synemin, from
      chicken smooth muscle. Studies on its physicochemical properties, interaction
      with desmin, and phosphorylation.
AB  - Synemin, a 230,000-dalton protein associated with desmin- and vimentin-containing
      intermediate filaments (Granger, B. L., and Lazarides, E. (1980) Cell 22, 727
      738), has been purified from gizzard smooth muscle and biochemically
      characterized. Purification was achieved by extracting the salt-insoluble pellet
      of muscle protein with 6 M urea and chromatography of the urea extract on columns
      of hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Sephacel, and phosphocellulose. The soluble form of
      synemin is a globular tetramer of 980,000 daltons with a S20,w of 22.4 +/- 3.2.
      Synemin has a pI of 5.34, in agreement with its high content in glutamic acid
      (20%), and is rich in serine (11%) and poor in cysteine (0.4%). Synemin is
      phosphorylated in smooth muscle and is one of the muscle proteins with the
      highest capacity to incorporate exogenously added [32P]phosphate. Of the [32P]
      phosphate incorporated into synemin, 95% is bound to serine and only 5% to
      threonine. The phosphorylation of synemin is enhanced by the cyclic AMP analog, 8
      Br-cyclic AMP. Immunofluorescence studies using anti-synemin antibodies show that
      purified synemin binds to filaments of desmin assembled in vitro. Synemin
      specifically inhibits the immunoprecipitation of purified soluble desmin by anti
      desmin antibodies, indicating that synemin interacts in vitro with soluble
      desmin.

PMID- 6822576
TI  - Crystallization of phaseolin from Phaseolus vulgaris.
AB  - Three different types of crystals were grown from phaseolin, the major storage
      body protein from French bean. Type I crystals are cubes with space group
      symmetry P432, a = 67 A. Type II crystals are bipyramids with a rounded basal
      plane and belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2, a = 128 A, b = 136 A, and c = 162 A.
      Type III crystals are rhombs grown from phytic acid-free protein. The space group
      symmetry is P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 113 A, b = 136 A, and c = 89 A. Both Type II and
      III crystals are suitable for high resolution x-ray study.

PMID- 6822577
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of low density proteoglycans from bovine
      articular cartilage.
AB  - Low density proteoglycans (PG-III) were isolated from bovine articular cartilage
      by extraction with 4 M guanidinium chloride followed by sedimentation in a
      dissociative CsCl density gradient and fractionation by chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B columns. The PG fractions obtained were analyzed to
      determine the amino acid composition, the content of sulfate and carbohydrate
      constituents, the molecular weight, and sedimentation properties under
      associative and dissociative conditions and the types of glycosaminoglycan
      components. The results show that the major type of low density PG in adult
      bovine metacarpophalangeal cartilage is a proteochondroitin sulfate with a Mr
      approximately 44,000. A single glycosaminoglycan component was detected following
      alkaline borohydride cleavage that was completely digested by chondroitinase ABC
      treatment. The disaccharide composition of this glycosaminoglycan was 4% O
      sulfate, 22% 6-sulfate, and 74% 4-sulfate. Variations were observed in the
      content of chondroitin sulfate and the other carbohydrate constituents,
      indicating that the low density PG in this tissue probably occurs as a family of
      molecules with a variable composition. Sedimentation velocity analysis showed
      that under associative conditions PG-III formed high molecular weight complexes
      by self-association.

PMID- 6822578
TI  - Preparation, characterization, and use of monoclonal antibodies to vitamin B6.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies exhibiting various specificities for B6 vitamer forms have
      been prepared. The antigen preparation employed was a partially purified mixture
      of human placental proteins that had been derivatized by reaction with pyridoxal
      5'-phosphate and sodium borohydride. Spleen cells obtained from mice immunized
      with the phosphopyridoxyl protein preparation were fused with the mouse myeloma
      cell line designated X63-Ag8.653. The resulting hybridomas were screened for
      production of antibodies to the haptenic phosphopyridoxyl group using an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. Clones producing such antibodies were isolated by
      limiting dilution methods. The monoclonal antibodies obtained in this fashion
      have been characterized with respect to their ability to interact with various
      forms of vitamin B6. In addition, these antibodies have been shown to be useful
      in the detection of cellular pyridoxal phosphate binding components using
      immunoblot techniques. Monoclonal antibodies to vitamin B6 derivatives are
      potentially powerful tools in the assessment of vitamin B6 nutritional status and
      in the study of the roles of pyridoxal phosphate binding components in relation
      to growth, differentiation, carcinogenesis, and steroid hormone action.

PMID- 6822579
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis and processing of immunologically identified methionine
      enkephalin precursor protein.
AB  - The biosynthesis and initial processing of the methionine-enkephalin precursor
      preproenkephalin A were examined by cell-free translation of mRNA from brain and
      adrenal medulla. A novel antiserum raised against Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 was
      shown to react with bovine adrenal medulla fractions (apparent Mr 34,000)
      containing proenkephalin A. Affinity-purified antibodies from this antiserum were
      used to immunoprecipitate cell-free translated [35S]Met-enkephalin-containing
      protein. A protein of apparent Mr 30,000 +/- 500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was the only Met-enkephalin precursor
      consistently synthesized by translation of mRNA from bovine or guinea pig
      striatum, rat brain, or bovine adrenal medulla. The presence of [35S]Met
      enkephalin sequences in this protein was confirmed by high pressure liquid
      chromatography of trypsin/carboxypeptidase B digests. Dog pancreas endoplasmic
      reticulum membranes converted the Mr 30,000 protein to an immunoreactive protein
      of apparent Mr 28,500 that lacked significant core glycosylation. These results
      suggest that 1) a protein similar or identical to bovine adrenal medullary
      preproenkephalin A is the major Met-enkephalin precursor synthesized in brain as
      well as adrenal medulla, and 2) preproenkephalin A is converted to a protein
      resembling proenkephalin A, presumably by removal of a signal peptide.

PMID- 6822580
TI  - The symptomatic anterior cruciate-deficient knee. Part II: the results of
      rehabilitation, activity modification, and counseling on functional disability.

PMID- 6822581
TI  - Non-operative treatment of the torn anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the status of twenty-four
      patients with a diagnosed tear of the anterior cruciate ligament who participated
      in a non-operative program of rehabilitation emphasizing strengthening of the
      hamstrings. The knees were evaluated by testing stability, strength, and range of
      motion; by roentgenographic examination; and by the patient's level of
      participation in sports. The patient's uninjured knee was used for comparison.
      The results showed a high incidence of anterior instability, but no significant
      differences in degenerative changes or range of motion. All patients returned to
      some sports participation, with fourteen (59 per cent) returning to their full
      preinjury level of participation. Higher levels of sports participation were
      found in the patients whose hamstrings strength was equal to or more than their
      quadriceps strength.

PMID- 6822582
TI  - Periosteal chondroma. A review of twenty cases.
AB  - We are reporting on the cases of twenty patients with periosteal chondroma to
      stress the importance of a proper clinical and radiographic diagnosis of this
      lesion. Awareness of the features of the lesion helps to prevent overtreatment of
      this benign condition, because the cytological findings may be ominous. Even the
      radiographic pattern may be suggestive of malignant disease. Periosteal
      chondromas apparently arise from under the periosteum of the diaphysis or
      metaphysis in adolescents and young adults. Close cooperation between the
      surgeon, the radiologist, and the pathologist is necessary to achieve proper
      diagnosis and treatment. Marginal excision is usually effective treatment.

PMID- 6822583
TI  - Compression arthrodesis of the ankle. Evaluation of a cosmetic modification.
AB  - Between 1955 and 1979, a modification of the compression arthrodesis of the ankle
      was performed in twenty-eight patients at The Campbell Clinic. The ages of the
      patients ranged from twenty-one to seventy-seven years, with an average of 48.4
      years. The modification narrows both the medial and lateral sides of the ankle,
      resulting in a much better cosmetic appearance as the fused ankle is essentially
      the same width as the normal ankle. The distal end of the tibia and the talus are
      easily approached through anteromedial and anterolateral incisions, and all
      articular cartilage can be removed without difficulty. A solid arthrodesis was
      achieved in 92.8 per cent of the ankles, a higher percentage than in most
      reported series. Not only is the final appearance of the ankle more pleasing to
      the patient, but the modification also eliminates the complication of irritation
      and abrasion of the soft tissue beneath the malleoli by the top of the shoe.

PMID- 6822584
TI  - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon. A postoperative complication in orthopaedic
      patients.
AB  - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is a problem of bowel motility that predominantly
      involves the large intestine and that can mimic the clinical and radiographic
      features of mechanical obstruction of the colon. It must not be confused with the
      much more common and less dangerous complication of post-operative ileus.
      Although it is most often seen in elderly patients who are confined to bed, it
      can occur in younger patients. Cecal dilation can develop rapidly to dangerous
      proportions, and recognition by thorough physical examination and early abdominal
      radiographs is essential if operative intervention is to be avoided. Nasogastric
      suction, intravenous fluids, and frequent turning of the patient are often
      successful if begun early, but are unlikely to be of benefit once cecal dilation
      approaches fourteen centimeters on plain radiographs. In these advanced cases,
      tube cecostomy or colostomy may be the only way to avoid necrosis of the bowel
      wall, perforation, and sepsis.

PMID- 6822586
TI  - The vessels of the first metatarsal web space. An operative and radiographic
      study.
AB  - In seventy surgical dissections of the vessels in the first web space of the
      foot, the arterial supply to the big toe and second toe was categorized. There
      were seven patterns of arterial supply, and three types of venous drainage were
      found. In twenty feet that were selected at random an arteriographic study was
      done, but it failed to provide information of the accuracy required to categorize
      the anatomical arterial pattern. Comparison of our series with a smaller,
      previously published series revealed significant differences in the arterial
      patterns and their frequencies of occurrence.

PMID- 6822585
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the pelvis in children.
AB  - We reviewed the records of sixteen patients with osteomyelitis of the pelvis, all
      of whom were fifteen years old or younger. Eleven of the patients were followed
      for an average of 3.5 years (range, two to nine years). Pelvic osteomyelitis in
      children is an uncommon lesion. Review of the literature gives the impression
      that this lesion is usually diagnosed late in its course and requires surgical
      drainage for adequate treatment. The role of the technetium bone scan in making
      an early diagnosis is important. All of the patients in this series were treated
      with antibiotic therapy alone, and surgical drainage was not found to be
      necessary. All of the patients who were followed for at least two years had no
      recurrence and no permanent sequelae.

PMID- 6822588
TI  - Localization of osteoid-osteoma of the spine using computerized tomography. A
      case report.

PMID- 6822587
TI  - Static and dynamic loading patterns in knee joints with deformities.

PMID- 6822589
TI  - Mid-tarsal dislocation of the first ray. A case report.

PMID- 6822590
TI  - Septic arthritis of the knee in a hemophiliac. A case report.

PMID- 6822591
TI  - Injury to the superior gluteal artery as a complication of total hip-replacement
      arthroplasty. A case report.

PMID- 6822593
TI  - Setting temperatures of plaster casts.

PMID- 6822592
TI  - Compartment syndrome of the arm--a complication of the pneumatic tourniquet. A
      case report.

PMID- 6822594
TI  - The results of pantalar reduction in the management of congenital talipes
      equinovarus.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-five patients with 194 feet affected by congenital talipes
      equinovarus were treated by the senior author during the period 1959 to 1980. Of
      these, 70 patients presented either at birth or in the early neonatal period, and
      55 were seen later, having been referred from other centres. Seventy-five
      patients were subsequently reviewed by two of us; the remaining 50 were assessed
      from records and research files. Patients seen within four weeks of birth were
      termed "early", the remainder "late". Of the early group of 70 patients, 44 (with
      68 affected feet) were reviewed and 26 (with 41 affected feet) were assessed from
      records. Excellent or good results were achieved in 94 per cent of feet treated
      conservatively and in 82 per cent of feet which required pantalar release. Of the
      55 late referrals 32 patients (with 55 affected feet) were reviewed and 23 (with
      30 affected feet) were assessed from records. Satisfactory results were slightly
      less frequent, but were achieved in 75 per cent of cases. There was no
      statistical correlation between early soft-tissue release and a good final
      outcome, but there was a positive statistical correlation between good clinical
      results and a high talocalcaneal index. Osseous correction (a laterally based
      wedge tarsectomy or a triple arthrodesis) was necessary at a later date in four
      feet (four per cent) of those who presented early and in 13 feet (15 per cent) of
      late referrals.

PMID- 6822595
TI  - A review of the Dillwyn Evans type collateral operation in severe club feet.
AB  - A modified form of the collateral operation originally described by Dillwyn Evans
      has been used in severe relapsed club feet to correct the sagittally breached or
      bean-shaped foot. Forty-five feet in 37 patients were followed up for an average
      of nine years and nine months. Previous operations had been performed on 42 feet.
      Thirty out of 45 feet were considered satisfactory at review when evaluated by a
      simple, functional system of scoring. The majority of the feet were stiff but
      relatively free of pain and able to fit into normal shoes. The collateral
      operation was considered successful in 42 feet if the patient's ability to take
      part in any desired sporting and recreational activities was taken as the
      criterion for success.

PMID- 6822596
TI  - Knee arthrodesis following prosthesis removal. Use of the Wagner apparatus.
AB  - Arthrodesis after the removal of a knee prosthesis is often hampered by the small
      area of contact of the bony surfaces and by pre-existing infection. Conventional
      systems of external fixation and compression frequently fail to achieve stability
      but the addition of the Wagner leg-lengthening apparatus applied anteriorly and
      adjusted to give compression ensures rigid external fixation. Four knees in four
      patients were treated using this technique; the treatment followed the removal of
      infected prostheses in three knees and painful fibrous ankylosis after the
      removal of the prosthesis in the other. All obtained a sound arthrodesis.

PMID- 6822597
TI  - Partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
AB  - Ten patients are reported who had sustained a partial rupture of the anterior
      cruciate ligament in a twisting injury of the knee. Nine of the 10 patients
      presented with a small effusion and pseudo-locking of the knee which was thought
      to be due to muscular spasm to prevent further ligamentous injury. The patients
      were examined clinically, under anaesthesia and by arthroscopy and the signs were
      found to be remarkably similar to those in patients with a tear of the medial
      meniscus. The mechanism of injury leading to partial rupture of the anterior
      cruciate ligament is discussed.

PMID- 6822599
TI  - Reduction and stabilisation of severe spondylolisthesis. A report of three cases.
AB  - A modification of a previously reported one-stage technique for reduction and
      stabilisation of severe spondylolisthesis using a posterior route is described.
      Reduction is obtained by inserting Harrington rods to lift L5 vertically out of
      the pelvis and two double-threaded screws to pull it backwards. After reduction
      the rods are taken away and stabilisation achieved by means of screws and a
      sacral bar. With this modified technique lumbar vertebrae above L5 are never
      immobilised, compared with the previous method where the retention of the
      Harrington rods resulted in more lumbar vertebrae being immobilised than was
      necessary for fusion. Bone is resected from the sacrum and the fifth lumbar
      vertebra to avoid too much tension on the nerve roots. Bone grafts are not needed
      and lumbosacral fusion is achieved within six months due to close contact between
      the raw bone of the vertebral bodies. Three patients have been treated with this
      modified technique; there was no reslip, neither during the period when the
      metallic fixation was in situ nor after its removal.

PMID- 6822598
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta with dominant inheritance and normal sclerae.
AB  - Most patients with dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta have blue sclerae
      and relatively mild symptoms. However, in a small group of families the patients
      have normal sclerae and this disorder has been classified as Type 4 osteogenesis
      imperfecta. This paper reports the clinical and radiographical features of 48
      patients from 16 families with Type 4 osteogenesis imperfecta and compares the
      findings with those of the classical disorder with blue sclerae (Type 1
      osteogenesis imperfecta). The two types are similar in usually causing a mild
      disease but with a wide range of severity, and in both types the rate of fracture
      declines in adolescence. There are, however, some significant differences apart
      from the colour of the sclerae. In Type 4 the first fracture more commonly occurs
      at birth, dentinogenesis imperfecta is more frequent than in Type 1 and bruising
      and nose-bleeds are less common. As in Type 1, the radiographic appearances of
      the bones may be normal. It is important that Type 4 osteogenesis imperfecta
      should be recognised because of the need for competent genetic counselling,
      because the management may be different from that appropriate for Type 1 and
      because it may be mistaken for idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis or child abuse.

PMID- 6822600
TI  - The long-term results of fusion in situ for severe spondylolisthesis.
AB  - The long-term results of 17 patients who had had fusion in situ for severe
      lumbosacral spondylolisthesis are reported. The average follow-up was 14 years
      with a range of 7 to 20 years. The average age at operation was 16 years. At
      follow-up seven patients had occasional backache but only one patient had changed
      his job and no patient had lost any time off work in the previous year. Nine
      patients felt that their deformity had been improved and all but one patient
      still rated the results as excellent up to 20 years after the operation. Although
      all the patients had persistent foreshortening of the trunk only two patients
      were aware of any cosmetic deformity. There had been no significant increase in
      forward slip since the previous follow-up examination five years after the
      operation. There were no late complications nor significant degenerative changes
      in the lumbar spine. It is concluded that although fusion in situ does little to
      improve cosmesis very few patients complain about their appearance and that it is
      a safe and reliable method of treatment for severe spondylolisthesis which has
      stood the test of time.

PMID- 6822601
TI  - Tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine.
AB  - Six patients, aged between 3 and 51 years, with tuberculosis of the upper
      cervical spine were studied. Prominent features of the disease included pain and
      stiffness, paralysis, swelling of the retropharyngeal soft tissue, osteolytic
      erosions, and atlanto-axial subluxation. Cure was obtained with antibiotics,
      transoral decompression and C1-2 fusion.

PMID- 6822602
TI  - The idiopathic dystonias. A note on their orthopaedic presentation.
AB  - Eight patients suffering from various forms of idiopathic dystonia are described
      whose initial referral was for an orthopaedic opinion. The diagnoses of these
      patients, who were seen over a two-year period, comprised dystonia musculorum
      deformans, dystonia of the foot, spasmodic torticollis and occupational cramps.
      Although various musculoskeletal sequelae often occur, the primary underlying
      neurological cause of these unusual conditions is emphasised.

PMID- 6822603
TI  - Five-fingered hand associated with partial or complete tibial absence and pre
      axial polydactyly. A kindred of 15 affected individuals in five generations.
AB  - A kindred of 15 affected individuals in five generations is described with
      autosomal dominant inheritance of bilateral five-fingered hand. Some of them had
      additional pre-axial polydactyly of the fingers or toes and some had partial or
      complete absence of the tibia. The range of expression of the gene is variable
      and genetic advice to these families must take account of the whole spectrum of
      defects. The function of both upper and lower limbs was improved by surgery. A
      distinction is drawn between the five-fingered hand shown in this family and the
      different deformity of a four-fingered hand with a triphalangeal thumb.

PMID- 6822604
TI  - Developmental posterior dislocation of the radial head.
AB  - We describe two boys with bilateral deformity of the upper end of the radius. The
      condition appears to predispose to non-traumatic posterior dislocation of the
      radial head and is associated with posterior bowing of the upper end of the ulna.
      This problem has not been previously described.

PMID- 6822605
TI  - The effects of metal plates on post-traumatic remodelling and bone mass.
AB  - The long-term effect of stainless steel and titanium alloy plates on structural
      remodelling and bone mass of osteotomised canine femora was studied and the
      effects of early and late removal of plates were compared in 27 adult Beagles.
      Radiological, histological, histomorphometric and tetracycline fluorescence
      studies led to three conclusions. First, the continuous (60 weeks) presence of
      plates, irrespective of their composition, delays remodelling and leads to a
      reduction of bone mass. This loss is significantly greater under stainless steel
      plates. Secondly, the removal of plates at eight weeks leads during the 52
      ensuing weeks to a marked and widespread structural remodelling and to a return
      to normal bone mass, irrespective of the type of plate used. However, remodelling
      is more intense after titanium alloy plates have been used; it is not complete 60
      weeks after osteotomy. Thirdly, removal of plates at 40 weeks activates
      remodelling during the ensuing 20 weeks to a lesser degree and to a more limited
      extent than early plate removal. The clinical significance of this study is that
      less rigid but stable internal fixation permits the radiological assessment of
      healing and thus the determination of the optimal moment for removal of the
      plates. It also reduces the degree of bone loss should the plate be left in situ
      for any reason.

PMID- 6822606
TI  - Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in normal and ischaemic skin.
AB  - The transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) was measured by a polarographic
      technique in the legs of 161 volunteers and compared with the levels found in 62
      patients with ischaemic skin due to peripheral vascular disease. The results show
      that the tcPO2 was related to the degree of ischaemia and, in many cases, was a
      more accurate guide to the viability of the skin than clinical assessment.
      Measurement of the transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the leg at the site of
      amputation in 24 patients with peripheral vascular disease showed that a
      preoperative level greater than 40 millimetres of mercury at an electrode
      temperature of 44 degrees Celsius was necessary for the skin of the stump to
      heal. The technique is simple, non-invasive and reliable. The tcPO2 accurately
      reflects the physiological and pathological changes in the circulation of the
      skin. It has potential in many fields of surgery where careful assessment of the
      viability of the skin is necessary.

PMID- 6822607
TI  - Treatment and prognosis in congenital club foot.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-nine unselected club feet were classified at birth into
      three grades of severity; 123 were followed up. The results of primary treatment
      were analysed and it is shown that the bad feet did worst. Serial splinting in
      plasters achieved lasting correction in nine in ten mild club feet, in half of
      the moderately deformed, but in only one in ten of the severely affected.
      Surgical correction succeeded in two out of three of the resistant feet, but had
      to be repeated in the others.

PMID- 6822608
TI  - The biochemical and ultrastructural effects of tunicamycin and D-glucosamine in
      L1210 leukemic cells.
AB  - Tunicamycin was found to specifically inhibit the incorporation of a number of
      sugars into L1210 leukemia cell glycoproteins. This inhibition of glycoprotein
      biosynthesis led to a cessation of cell growth which was reversible in a dose
      dependent and time-dependent manner. After removal of the antibiotic from L1210
      cell cultures resumption of sugar incorporation preceded that of thymidine
      incorporation and the recovery of cell growth. The treatment of cells with
      tunicamycin resulted in a significant increase in the intracellular pool of UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine which occurred concurrently with alterations in cell
      ultrastructure including distentions of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear
      membranes. Similar ultrastructural changes and increases in the intracellular
      pools of UDP-sugars were observed in L1210 cells exposed to 5 mM D-glucosamine,
      which suggested that the antiproliferative effects of tunicamycin may be related
      to the accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of one or more nucleotide sugar
      precursors of asparagine-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. However, the
      biological effects of tunicamycin could be distinguished from those caused by D
      glucosamine. Exposure of L1210 cells to tunicamycin resulted in specific
      alterations in the biochemical composition of the plasma membrane and in the
      inhibition of cellular agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin which were not
      apparent following exposure to equitoxic concentrations of the aminosugar. These
      studies, together with those which demonstrated that recovery of the cellular
      capacity to synthesize glycoproteins was obligatory for the recovery of cellular
      proliferation in tunicamycin-treated cells, suggested that inhibition of the
      synthesis of glycoproteins was the major factor limiting L1210 leukemic cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 6822609
TI  - Hexose uptake as an indicator of JB6 mouse epidermal cell resistance to the
      mitogenic activity of TPA.
AB  - JB6 mouse epidermal cells have been selected for resistance to the tumor
      promoting phorbol diester TPA for (1) the plateau density mitogenic (M) response,
      and (2) the promotion of tumor cell phenotype (P) response. The purpose of this
      study was to determine the relationship of hexose uptake to the two TPA-dependent
      processes. Monolayers of JB6 mouse epidermal cells showing one of four different
      phenotypes (M+P+, M+P-, M-P+, M-P-) were exposed to 60 nM [3H(G)]2-deoxy-D
      glucose (2DG) with or without TPA (10 ng/ml) stimulation. The TPA mitogen
      sensitive (M+P+/-) cells, when in logarithmic growth, had a lower basal 2DG
      uptake rate than TPA mitogen-resistant (M-P+/-) cells. At plateau density,
      however, only the M+P+ cells had a significantly lower basal rate. The M+ (TPA
      mitogen-sensitive) cells (with low basal rates), when preincubated with TPA,
      exhibited a two to threefold increase in 2DG uptake, while the M- (TPA mitogen
      resistant) lines, which already showed elevated rates, remained unchanged. There
      was also a positive association between TPA mitogen sensitivity and slower growth
      rate. These results suggest that low hexose sugar uptake is related to TPA
      mitogen sensitivity, but not to promotion sensitivity. Hence the cell's ability
      to increase its uptake rate may be required for the cells to respond to mitogenic
      stimulation by TPA.

PMID- 6822610
TI  - Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time
      uptake data.
AB  - A theoretical model of blood-brain exchange is developed and a procedure is
      derived that can be used for graphing multiple-time tissue uptake data and
      determining whether a unidirectional transfer process was dominant during part or
      all of the experimental period. If the graph indicates unidirectionality of
      uptake, then an influx constant (Ki) can be calculated. The model is general,
      assumes linear transfer kinetics, and consists of a blood-plasma compartment, a
      reversible tissue region with an arbitrary number of compartments, and one or
      more irreversible tissue regions. The solution of the equations for this model
      shows that a graph of the ratio of the total tissue solute concentration at the
      times of sampling to the plasma concentration at the respective times (Cp) versus
      the ratio of the arterial plasma concentration-time integral to Cp should be
      drawn. If the data are consistent with this model, then this graph will yield a
      curve that eventually becomes linear, with a slope of Ki and an ordinate
      intercept less than or equal to the vascular plus steady-state space of the
      reversible tissue region.

PMID- 6822611
TI  - Intracellular pH in the brain following transient ischemia.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to discover whether or not intracellular
      alkalosis develops in the brain in the recovery period following transient
      ischemia. Forebrain ischemia of 15-min duration was induced by four-vessel
      occlusion in rats, with recovery periods of 15, 60, and 180 min. Intracellular pH
      was derived both by the HCO3- -H2CO3 method and from the creatine kinase
      equilibrium. The ischemia was associated with energy failure and marked
      accumulation of lactic acid in the cerebral cortex. Recirculation brought about
      rapid rephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides and gradual normalization of
      lactic acid levels. After 15 min of recovery, the HCO3- -H2CO3 method indicated
      persisting acidosis, but the creatine kinase reaction did not. After 60 min, a
      shift of pH in the alkaline direction was demonstrated in both methods. This
      alkalosis had disappeared after 3 h of recovery. It is concluded that resumption
      of ATP production after ischemia is followed by a rapid rise in intracellular pH,
      which transiently increases above normal.

PMID- 6822613
TI  - Measurement of local cerebral blood flow by xenon-enhanced computerized
      tomography imaging: a critique of an error assessment.

PMID- 6822612
TI  - Innervation of the cerebral veins as compared with the cerebral arteries: a
      histochemical and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The distribution of nerve fibers in the cerebral veins was studied by
      catecholamine fluorescence simultaneously with acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      histochemistry. A comparison of nerve fibers in the cerebral arteries was made.
      The ultrastructure of terminal boutons in the veins fixed with potassium
      permanganate was also studied. In the adventitia of the cerebral artery, green
      fluorescent aminergic fibers and brownish AChE-reactive (probably cholinergic)
      fibers were observed. In contrast, the cerebral venous system showed no AChE
      positive fibers. Catecholamine fluorescent varicose fibers were detected in the
      dural sinus, the internal cerebral vein, and the superficial vein of Labbe. The
      highest density of aminergic fibers was found in the dural sinus and the second
      highest in the internal cerebral vein. Most of the terminal boutons in the
      adventitia of the cerebral veins were found adjacent to a muscle-like cell and
      showed only cored vesicles under electron microscopy. Results of our study
      suggest that the cerebral venous system has a neurogenic innervation, mainly from
      aminergic fibers, which is different from the neurogenic supply to the cerebral
      arterial system.

PMID- 6822614
TI  - The stable xenon contrast computerized tomography method for measuring local
      cerebral blood flow and local lambda values.

PMID- 6822615
TI  - Cerebral blood flow studied by Xenon-133 inhalation technique in parkinsonism:
      loss of hyperfrontal pattern.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (grey matter flow) in parkinsonism requires further
      investigation. The noninvasive method of 133Xe inhalation permits study of larger
      numbers of subjects than previously used invasive techniques such as the
      intracarotid 133Xe injection method. Measurements were made in this laboratory in
      30 subjects having Parkinson's disease. Mean hemispheric blood flow (F1) values
      were 70.4 +/- 9.3 ml/100 g/min, compared to 76.3 for a group of age-matched
      normal subjects, which is a decrease of -7.8%. The most striking difference was
      the loss of the "hyperfrontal distribution" in parkinsonism. The prefrontal F1
      values were only 1.8% greater than the hemisphere grey matter flow, compared with
      8.5% in controls of a similar age group.

PMID- 6822616
TI  - Nimodipine improves cerebral blood flow and neurologic recovery after complete
      cerebral ischemia in the dog.
AB  - Ten minutes of complete ischemia was produced in 11 dogs by temporary ligation of
      the aorta. Immediately before the ischemic episode, the dogs received nimodipine,
      a new calcium entry blocker, 10 micrograms kg-1, i.v., followed by an infusion of
      1 microgram kg-1 min-1 for 2 h. Post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and metabolism
      were measured for 120 min in six dogs. Neurologic recovery was evaluated 48 h
      post-ischemia in five dogs. The results were compared to previously determined
      controls. Nimodipine nearly doubled cerebral blood flow in the delayed post
      ischemic hypoperfusion period, compared to untreated dogs (approximately 45%
      versus 25% of pre-ischemic control values), but had no significant effect on
      metabolism. Nimodipine also improved neurologic recovery. Four of five treated
      dogs were normal and one was moderately damaged, whereas six of seven controls
      were either severely damaged or dead. This suggests that the delayed
      hypoperfusion state occurring after complete cerebral ischemia probably does
      contribute to the ultimate neurologic damage, and that nimodipine offers a
      potential protective effect.

PMID- 6822617
TI  - Effects of topical application of a calcium antagonist (nifedipine) on feline
      cortical pial microvasculature under normal conditions and in focal ischemia.
AB  - Cat cortical arterioles and venules were exposed in vivo to the Ca2+ antagonist
      nifedipine under normal conditions and in focal ischemia. Topical application of
      nifedipine caused a marked, concentration-dependent arteriolar dilatation. The
      dilatatory responses increased significantly with decreasing arteriolar size.
      Perivenular microapplication of nifedipine invariably caused dilatation that was
      less pronounced but more long-lasting than that on the arteriolar side.
      Arterioles, which constricted after middle cerebral artery occlusion, invariably
      dilated following nifedipine application. These dilatatory responses were
      transient but could be repeated, and on some occasions were accompanied by a
      return of flow in vessels in which stasis had been present. The results suggest
      that nifedipine is able to dilate cerebral vessels both under normal conditions
      and when contracted during focal ischemia.

PMID- 6822619
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of local glucose utilization and blood flow in the rat
      brain: an autoradiographic method using two tracers labeled with carbon-14.
AB  - A simplified technique that uses two radionuclide tracers has been devised to
      measure local cerebral glucose utilization (ICGU) and local cerebral blood flow
      (ICBF) in the same rat. The method employs [14C]-2-deoxyglucose and
      [14C]iodoantipyrine to produce an autoradiogram before and another after
      extraction into chloroform of the [14C]iodoantipyrine from the brain sections.
      The chloroform-extracted autoradiogram yields ICGU, and the difference in tissue
      carbon-14 concentration between the two autoradiograms permits calculation of
      ICBF. The double-isotope technique provides values of ICGU and ICBF that are
      statistically indistinguishable from those derived from conventional single
      isotope methods.

PMID- 6822618
TI  - Effect of the organic calcium antagonist D-600 on cerebrocortical vascular and
      redox responses evoked by adenosine, anoxia, and epilepsy.

PMID- 6822620
TI  - Focal increases of white matter glucose utilization produced by electrical
      stimulation of rat motor cortex.
AB  - The right motor cortex was electrically stimulated in adult, awake rats for 45
      min. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured in white matter
      pathways with the (14C)-2-deoxyglucose method. Stimulation increased LCGU in
      focal regions of the right internal capsule to 51.3 mumol/100 g/min, compared to
      39.8 on the control left side. Stimulation also increased LCGU in the right,
      medial pontine pyramidal tract to 36.2 mumol/100 g/min, compared with 27.3 on the
      control left side. The data demonstrate that electrical stimulation of motor
      cortex neurons increases LCGU 30 to 40% in the efferent myelinated axons of those
      neurons.

PMID- 6822621
TI  - The effects of serotonin on local cerebral blood flow.
AB  - This study was undertaken to measure the effects of serotonin administration on
      local cerebral blood flow following blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with
      hypertonic urea. Rats were anesthetized with halothane in nitrous oxide and
      oxygen (70%:30%). In some animals urea (3.5 M) was infused retrogradely through
      an external carotid catheter, followed after 10 min by serotonin (50 ng kg-1 min
      1) or physiological saline. Local cerebral blood flow was measured using the 14C
      iodoantipyrine quantitative autoradiographic technique of Sakurada et al. (1978).
      The administration of saline or urea alone had only minimal effects on local
      cerebral blood flow. When the BBB was intact, serotonin produced a significant
      fall in regional blood flow only in the caudate nucleus. Following BBB
      disruption, however, serotonin produced a marked decrease in local perfusion in a
      number of discrete brain areas that are supplied by blood from the internal
      carotid artery. On the other hand, there were increases in local perfusion in
      areas not supplied by the internal carotid artery.

PMID- 6822622
TI  - Neurophysiological recovery after hypoglycemic coma in the rat: correlation with
      cerebral metabolism.
AB  - Recovery of electroencephalographic activity and somatosensory evoked responses
      was studied in paralyzed and lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) rats in which
      profound hypoglycemia had been induced by insulin administration. The duration of
      severe hypoglycemia was defined as the duration of a flat electroencephalogram
      (EEG) recording (5, 30, and 60 min, respectively) before restitution with
      glucose. The restitution period was followed by continuous EEG monitoring and
      repeated tests for evoked potentials. After 180 min of recovery, the brains were
      frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen and analyzed for energy metabolism. In
      accordance with earlier metabolic studies from this laboratory, the recovery
      after 60 min of severe hypoglycemia was incomplete, with signs of permanent
      failure of energy metabolism. There was persistent ATP reduction proportional to
      the duration of the hypoglycemia. The short-term recovery of EEG and sensory
      evoked responses was proportional to the duration of severe hypoglycemia. The
      neurophysiological recovery after 5 min of severe hypoglycemia was complete.
      After 30 min of severe hypoglycemia, the evoked responses recovered but showed a
      significant prolongation of latency, compared with normal. After 60 min of severe
      hypoglycemia, no early evoked response and scanty EEG activity were observed. The
      neurophysiological observations indicate a persistent deficit of synaptic
      transmission in the somatosensory pathway, including the cortical projection.
      This can be correlated with neuropathologic changes that are particularly
      prominent in intermediate cortical layers, as previously shown.

PMID- 6822623
TI  - Transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid across brain capillary and cellular
      membranes.
AB  - The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), N-methyl-AIB (MeAIB), and
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from blood to brain was measured over
      different experimental periods in eight regions of the rat brain. Unidirectional
      transfer rate constants were determined from multiple-time/graphical and single
      time analysis of the experimental data; values of 0.0018, 0.00057, and 0.000021
      ml g-1 min-1, respectively, were obtained for the thalamus by graphical analysis.
      The initial distribution volume of AIB and MeAIB in brain tissue was several-fold
      greater than that of DTPA and the tissue plasma volume, and this difference was
      not accounted for by red blood cell uptake. This discrepancy could be due to
      rapid transport of AIB and MeAIB into brain endothelial cells in addition to the
      relatively rapid uptake by choroidal, meningeal, and ependymal associated tissues
      that was demonstrated by autoradiography. Thus, it may be misleading and
      erroneous to consider the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be a simple, single
      membrane structure when analyzing the blood-brain transfer data of solutes such
      as amino acids. The data from the ventriculocisternal perfusion experiments and
      previously published AIB uptake data in mouse brain slices were used to estimate
      the transfer rate constants across brain cell membranes. These studies indicated
      that the transport of AIB into brain cells was approximately 110 to 265 times
      greater than that across normal brain capillaries per unit mass of brain tissue,
      and that the BBB limits blood-to-brain cell transport of this amino acid. These
      observations (low rate of transport across normal brain capillaries and rapid
      concentrative uptake by brain cells) indicate that AIB is a good marker for
      measuring moderate to large increases in BBB permeability by experiments that
      require unidirectional flux of the tracer.

PMID- 6822625
TI  - Review of the first year.

PMID- 6822624
TI  - The cortical ischaemic penumbra associated with occlusion of the middle cerebral
      artery in the cat: 1. Topography of changes in blood flow, potassium ion
      activity, and EEG.
AB  - The gyral topography of the ischaemic penumbra associated with middle cerebral
      artery occlusion was studied in cats; local blood flow (hydrogen clearance, 2-min
      initial slope analysis), pial surface potassium activity (Kp), and
      electroencephalogram (EEG) amplitude were recorded on the ectosylvian,
      suprasylvian, and marginal gyri. Penumbral conditions were defined as a reduction
      of EEG amplitude in the absence of a major increase in Kp. Whole hemisphere
      cerebral blood flow prior to occlusion was 35.6 +/- 11.4 (SD) ml 100 g-1 min-1 (n
      = 25), and fell significantly (p less than 0.001) to 13.0 +/- 4.7 (SD), 14.1 +/-
      6.6, and 23.8 +/- 9.3 on ectosylvian, suprasylvian, and marginal gyri,
      respectively. Pre-occlusion Kp was 3.0 +/- 0.9 mM (n = 53); sustained, steady
      state increases in excess of 11.5 mM occurred in 5 of 7 (71%) experiments on
      ectosylvian gyrus, in 13 of 22 (59%) experiments on suprasylvian gyrus, and in 2
      of 24 experiments on marginal gyrus. Transient increases in Kp occurred at
      occlusion and resolved to baselines significantly higher than control in 5 (23%)
      experiments in suprasylvian gyrus and in 15 (63%) on marginal gyrus. In 7
      experiments on the marginal gyrus (29%), no increase in Kp greater than 1 mM
      occurred. In contrast, EEG amplitude on this gyrus was reduced by middle cerebral
      artery occlusion in 25 of 26 experiments, and it is concluded that this gyrus is
      the principal site of ischaemic penumbra in the model; in 41% of experiments
      similar conditions were also present on the suprasylvian gyrus.

PMID- 6822626
TI  - The prevalence distribution of hypertension: Connecticut adults 1978-1979.
AB  - The results of the first Connecticut Blood Pressure Survey are reported. It was
      found that sharp differences exist in the prevalence of hypertension by age and
      sex but that race differences are much less than previously reported for United
      States populations. Differences were also found between men and women with
      respect to the patterns of treatment and control. Age differences in treatment
      and control are noted. The findings reported are based on a statewide probability
      sample for which the target population exceeded 2 million persons. Because of the
      complexity of sampling such a population an extensive discussion of the survey
      method is given.

PMID- 6822627
TI  - Relative efficiency in survival analysis.
AB  - The relative efficiency of analyzing the times to death vs the proportion
      surviving a fixed period when comparing the survival experience of two groups is
      examined. The two methods are compared with respect to trial duration for either
      fixed patient entry or cost and with respect to cost for fixed duration. When the
      ratio of median survival is equal to or less than three, analyzing the times is
      more efficient. Analyzing the proportions is more efficient in certain
      circumstances when larger differences exist.

PMID- 6822628
TI  - A pharmaceutical profile of diabetic patients.
AB  - Although there have been innumerable studies documenting various aspects of the
      morbidity caused by diabetes mellitus in the population, very little attention
      has been paid to patterns of therapeutic management of diabetic patients. The
      United States Public Health Service Ambulatory Care Data System (USPHS ACDS), a
      computerized patient information entry and recording system with a complete
      pharmaceutical record for each patient, was used to compare patterns of
      pharmaceutical consumption among diabetic patients as opposed to non-diabetic
      patients in a population of approximately 90,000 individuals. Drug use by
      diabetics was significantly higher than by non-diabetics. Cardiovascular drug
      use, in particular, was considerably higher. Substantially higher consumption of
      anti-lipemic agents, anti-gout drugs, anti-hypertensives, sedatives and
      tranquilizers was also found in the diabetic population. The higher use of all
      drugs by diabetics could be partially explained by a demonstrably higher
      frequency of out-patient visits by diabetics. However this factor alone could not
      account for very much higher use of certain selective drug groups by the
      diabetics. In most cases, these selective increases among the diabetics
      paralleled expected patterns of disease for which those drug groups are
      prescribed. The investigation of pharmacotherapeutic profiles of the diabetic
      population adds a new dimension to the epidemiological study of this disease.

PMID- 6822629
TI  - Type A behaviour in British men: reliability and intercorrelation of two
      measures.
AB  - Two questionnaire measures of the Type A behaviour pattern, the Jenkins Activity
      Survey and the Bortner Questionnaire were completed by a sample of 151 middle
      aged male civil servants on three occasions, up to 34 weeks apart. The
      reliability of both measures was satisfactory. The reliability coefficient of the
      JAS Type A measure did not fall below 0.79 while the Bortner achieved a
      reliability of 0.71 over the longest time interval studied. The intercorrelation
      of the two tests on two occasions was approximately 0.7. In addition it was shown
      that both tests were largely independent of a number of standard cardiovascular
      risk factors. It was concluded that in the population studied both tests had
      satisfactory psychometric properties and that they were measuring a very similar
      behavioural characteristic.

PMID- 6822630
TI  - Enrollment bias and variation in clinical manifestations: a review of consecutive
      cases of familial paroxysmal polyserositis.
AB  - The effect of systematic enrollment bias was studied in a series of 158 patients
      with familial paroxysmal polyserositis (F.P.P.) from a special clinic in a
      university hospital. The characteristics of 79 patients seen for the first time
      at this special clinic in its first 16 months of operation, were compared with
      the characteristics of 79 patients presented during the last 6 yr of its
      operation. As a group the patients studied first at the clinic had a more severe
      form of the disease. This group had a significantly larger number of patients
      with multiple clinical manifestations, with proteinuria and amyloidosis. In
      addition, there were more males and more patients with positive family history of
      the disease in this earlier group. It is probable that much of the temporal
      variation in these clinical characteristics between patients studied in the
      earlier and later periods can be explained by case selection originating from
      differentials in referral patterns. Thus, a larger proportion of the earlier
      patients were referred following an episode of hospitalization. Differences in
      referral pattern, in case selection and in the sources of data, can account for
      the significant variation in the frequency of the various clinical manifestations
      in the different published F.P.P. case series from several countries. The effect
      of enrollment bias on the results of clinical studies and the importance of a
      population base for such studies is emphasized.

PMID- 6822631
TI  - Developing strategies for improving the diagnostic and management efficacy of
      medical consultations.
AB  - To determine the clinical effects of internists' consultations to surgeons and
      other non-internists, we studied a random sample of 250 consultations provided by
      the Yale Medical Service to patients admitted on non-medical services during 1978
      1979. We found that consultations changed or confirmed a diagnosis in 82% (205),
      and changed or confirmed a management plan in 69% (172). We also found that the
      diagnostic or management effects could be enhanced by several features of the way
      the consultation is performed: rapid response to the request for consultation;
      frequent follow-up notes by the consulting medical team; and detailed
      specifications of dosage and duration in recommendations for pharmacologic
      therapy.

PMID- 6822632
TI  - Hypertension and mortality.

PMID- 6822633
TI  - Longevity endowment in outcome studies?

PMID- 6822634
TI  - Plasma thyroglobulin measurements help determine the type of thyroid defect in
      congenital hypothyroidism.
AB  - Plasma thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements were conducted in infants with congenital
      hypothyroidism to determine their value in the classification of the thyroid
      defect. Twenty hypothyroid patients were examined before 50 days of age. Plasma
      T4, T3, TSH, and Tg were measured and a thyroid scan was performed on all the
      infants. On the basis of clinical evaluation and the thyroid scans, patients were
      divided into three groups: group I, ectopic or eutopic hypoplastic glands (n =
      11); group II, goiters (n = 3); group III, athyreosis (n = 6). There were no
      differences among the mean (+/- SD) TSH values of the three groups (377 +/- 291,
      402 +/- 202, and 757 +/- 421 microU/ml for group I, II and III respectively). The
      mean (+/- SD) plasma T4 and T3 levels were lower in group III patients than in
      the other groups [T4, 0.55 +/- 0.12 vs. 5.0 +/- 3.5 micrograms/100 ml (group I)
      and 2.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms/100 ml (group II); T3, 29.3 +/- 23 vs. 165 +/- 83
      ng/100 ml (group I) and 220 +/- 150 ng/100 ml (group II). Plasma Tg was
      undetectable in all six infants with athyreosis, and varied from 15-600 ng/ml in
      group I patients (mean +/- SD, 125 +/- 171 ng/ml). Tg was undetectable in one
      infant with congenital goiter. We conclude that tg measurements are of value in
      the classification of infants with congenital hypothyroidism to help clarify the
      nature of the thyroid abnormality once hypothyroidism has already been diagnosed.

PMID- 6822635
TI  - Differential effects of a low dose dopamine infusion on prolactin secretion in
      normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects.
AB  - The PRL inhibitory effect of dopamine (DA) in human in vivo studies has been
      previously demonstrated with DA infusions at rates generally exceeding 2
      micrograms/kg . min. We report here the effects of a DA infusion administered at
      a rate of 0.02 microgram/kg . min for 180 min to 10 normal subjects and 25
      hyperprolactinemic patients with pituitary tumors (13 microprolactinomas, 8
      macroprolactinomas, and 4 expanding nonsecreting pituitary adenomas). Serum free
      DA concentrations during the 3-h DA infusion reached an average of 0.8 +/- 0.1
      ng/ml (about an 8- to 10-fold rise from basal levels). DA produced a significant
      (P less than ) 0.001) decline in plasma PRL levels in both normal subjects and
      hyperprolactinemic patients. There was a negative linear correlation between the
      serum DA concentrations and the percent PRL variation from basal levels (r = 
      0.58; P less than 0.001). The comparison of RPL responses between the different
      groups revealed that the mean percent overall PRL inhibition was significantly
      lower in patients with microprolactinomas than in normal subjects (P less than
      0.02). On the other hand, PRL inhibition was greater in patients with
      nonsecreting adenomas than in either patients with microprolactinomas or those
      with macroprolactinomas (P less than 0.001). From 90-180 min, PRL suppression was
      also greater in patients with nonsecreting adenomas than in normal controls (P
      less than 0.05). The present study shows that 1) slight elevations of plasma DA
      are sufficient to inhibit PRL secretion, suggesting that DA acts as major
      physiological PRL-inhibiting factor, 2) there is a relative PRL resistance to DA
      inhibition in microprolactinoma patients; and 3) PRL is hyperresponsive to DA in
      expanding nonsecreting pituitary tumors.

PMID- 6822636
TI  - The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body
      weight, age, and sex in normal subjects.
AB  - Using a precise and accurate ultrasonic scanning technique we have measured the
      volume of the thyroid gland in vivo in 271 healthy subjects (13-91 yr old). In
      these subjects the mean (+/- SD) thyroid volume was 18.6 +/- 4.5 ml. A
      significant difference between males (19.6 +/- 4.7 ml; n = 139) and females (17.5
      +/- 4.2 ml; n = 132) was found (P less than 0.001). The thyroid volume was
      significantly correlated with both body weight and age, described by: Y = 1.97 +
      0.21 . x1 + 0.06 . x2, where Y is the thyroid volume (milliters), x1 is the body
      weight (kilograms), and x2 is the age (years). The influence of body weight on
      the thyroid volume was about 3 times that of age. The difference in thyroid gland
      volume between males and females was explained solely by a difference in body
      weight.

PMID- 6822637
TI  - Polyuria and inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - Inappropriate arginine vasopressin release and polyuria with excessive thirst
      were found in a patient with hypothalamic sarcoidosis subsequently confirmed at
      autopsy. He became intensely thirsty during a 5% saline infusion at a plasma
      osmolality of 274 mosmol/liter. The normal thirst threshold under these
      conditions is 294 +/- 3 mosmol/liter (+/- SD). An increase in
      radioimmunoassayable arginine vasopressin was detected at an inappropriately low
      plasma osmolality, and free water clearance was negative despite a plasma
      osmolality of 265 +/- 5 mosmol/liter with ad libitum fluid intake. The syndrome
      of inappropriate antidiuresis has not been described previously in combination
      with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Demeclocycline therapy was associated with an
      exacerbation of the patient's polyuria. Propranolol administration, however, was
      associated with a reduction of urine output and an increase in plasma osmolality
      to 279 mosmol/liter on one and 299 mosmol/liter on another occasion.

PMID- 6822638
TI  - Solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and iodine deficiency.
AB  - The prevalence, characteristics, and evolution of autonomously functioning
      thyroid nodules (AFTN) were studied in two population groups from northeastern
      Sicily. One group was living in an iodine-deficient area and another was living
      in an iodine-sufficient area. The prevalence of AFTN was significantly higher in
      the iodine-deficient area (4.4% of total patients vs. 2.7%). No significant
      difference between the two areas was observed in sex and age distribution and
      size of the nodules. In addition, a higher percentage of patients with toxic
      nodules (1.3%) was found in the group from the iodine-deficient area.
      Furthermore, in a selected group of patients followed for 1-6 yr, a higher
      percentage of patients from the iodine-deficient area had either an increase in
      the size of the lesion or an increase in thyroid hormone production leading to
      toxicity. These data suggest that iodine deficiency is one possible factor in the
      development of AFTN and that iodine deficiency may also be involved in the
      increased frequency of toxic evolution of these lesions.

PMID- 6822639
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of meal-stimulated and circadian secretion of pancreatic
      polypeptide in man.
AB  - This study investigated dopaminergic control of human pancreatic polypeptide
      (hPP) secretion in normal male volunteers. Dopamine infusion blunted the hPP
      response to a protein-rich meal. Dopamine antagonism with metoclopramide resulted
      in a hPP response at 5 min and a peak elevation of hPP 10 min after drug
      administration. Bromocriptine (2.5 mg, three times daily for 5 days) suppressed
      meal-induced secretory responses of hPP. Although bromocriptine did not alter the
      basic circadian pattern of hPP secretion, it did slightly increase nocturnal
      levels of this hormone. These results suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms exert
      a tonic inhibitory effect on hPP secretion in normal subjects.

PMID- 6822641
TI  - Applications of heavy isotope tracers to clinical studies: progesterone urinary
      production rate determination in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
AB  - A method for the in vivo determination of progesterone production rate using
      progesterone labeled with deuterium as the tracer and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry for assessing isotope dilution in a urinary metabolite is described.
      By measuring the ratio of labeled to unlabeled free progesterone in a 24-h urine
      sample, the problem of identifying a unique metabolite appears to have been
      avoided. Median progesterone production rates on day 7 of the follicular phase
      and day 7 of the luteal phase were 3.5 mumol/24 h and 72.6 mumol/24 h,
      respectively. Where repeated determinations were performed through the luteal
      phase in two nonconceptual cycles, the familiar midluteal plateau of progesterone
      production was noted. The MCR of progesterone calculated from luteal phase data
      was 2051 1/24 h (SD, 275 1/24 h). When determined in pregnancy, progesterone
      production varied from 250 mumol/24 h at 6 weeks in a singleton pregnancy, to
      1565 mumol/24 h at 35 weeks in a triplet pregnancy. Repeated determinations
      before term in a twin pregnancy detected no evidence of decreasing progesterone
      production before labor. The value of urinary pregnanediol and plasma
      progesterone to indirectly monitor progesterone production were confirmed.

PMID- 6822640
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II with
      changes in sodium intake.
AB  - The aldosterone response to infused angiotensin II (AII) is blunted by sodium
      (Na) loading. Since dopamine levels increase on a high Na diet and dopamine can
      inhibit aldosterone secretion, it is possible that dopamine mediates the blunted
      aldosterone secretion in this setting. To test this hypothesis, we assessed
      whether the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP) would enhance the
      aldosterone response to infused AII. Six normal subjects received graded
      infusions of AII when they were in metabolic balance on diets containing both 10
      and 200 meq Na/day (control infusions). The infusions were then repeated (on the
      same diets) during the administration of MCP (0.1 mg/kg iv bolus, then 0.05 mg/kg
      . h). During the control AII infusions, the aldosterone response to the highest
      dose of AII was significantly less on the 200 meq Na intake than on 10 meq
      (plasma aldosterone levels increased 17 +/- 5 vs. 30 +/- 8 ng/dl respectively; P
      less than 0.01). However, MCP administration eliminated this difference in
      aldosterone responsiveness by significantly enhancing (P less than 0.02) the
      response to infused AII during the 200 meq Na intake (plasma aldosterone
      increment of 25 +/- 9 ng/dl). This effect of MCP was limited to the adrenal
      response to AII: on a given Na intake, the mean blood pressure response to AII
      was similar both with and without concomitant MCP. These results suggest that
      dopamine may be an important regulator of the alterations in aldosterone
      responsiveness to AII that occur during changes in dietary sodium intake.

PMID- 6822643
TI  - Origin and production rates of deoxycorticosterone and deoxycorticosterone
      sulfate in men and nonpregnant women.
AB  - In the present investigation, we evaluated the origin of deoxycorticosterone
      sulfate (DOC-SO4) and the production rates of DOC and DOC-SO4 in men and women.
      Previously, we found that there was little or no interconverion of plasma DOC and
      DOC-SO4; this finding was reconfirmed in the present investigation. After the iv
      infusion of [3H]DOC-SO4 and [14C]DOC, urine was collected for 5 days, DOC-SO4 was
      isolated and purified as unconjugated DOC, and tetrahydro-DOC glucuronoside was
      isolated and purified as the unconjugated metabolite. The production rate of DOC
      in these subjects (mean +/- SEM, 66 +/- 9.8 micrograms/24 h) was computed from
      the specific activity of urinary [14C]tetrahydro-DOC (glucuronoside); the
      production rate of DOC-SO4 in these subjects (92 +/- 15.9 micrograms/24 h) was
      computed from the specific activity of urinary [3H]DOC-SO4. The production rates
      are expressed on the basis of the molecular weight of DOC. Since plasma DOC and
      DOC-SO4 are not interconverted, we conclude that both steroids are secretory
      products, presumably from the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 6822642
TI  - Cortisol secretion is inhibited during sleep in normal man.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that cortisol secretion is inhibited during
      sleep, six healthy young men (ages 18-24) were studied in a 4-day protocol. A
      baseline nocturnal sleep period was followed by one night's total sleep
      deprivation, then sleep at 180 degrees phase shift, and then return to a normal
      nocturnal sleep episode (SP-3). Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured
      every 20 min (obtained by an indwelling venous catheter), rectal temperature was
      measured every minute, and sleep was polygraphically defined. During the first 4
      h of sustained sleep, cortisol secretion was decreased even when sleep occurred
      during a time when the subject was usually awake; conversely, it was elevated if
      awake at the usual daily time of sleeping. This was not the case for the last 4 h
      of sleep. Body temperature was also decreased but during each entire 7- to 8-h
      sleep period. Meals produced only a small brief rise of cortisol and produced no
      change in body temperature. Stage 4 sleep was increased during the 180 degrees
      inverted sleep episode and decreased during SP-3, REM sleep however was increased
      during SP-3. A reciprocal relationship was found between REM and stages 3 and 4
      for the second, third, and fourth, and sixth h of sleep for SP-3. These results
      demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the behavioral complex of sleeping on
      cortisol secretion superimposed on its endogenous circadian and ultradian rhythm.
      These neurophysiological events may be used to entrain and time the period and
      phase of biological rhythms in relation to shift work, sleep deprivation, and
      transmeridian jet travel.

PMID- 6822644
TI  - Effect of calcitonin treatment on the natural course of bone demineralization in
      Paget's disease.
AB  - Numerous studies have been done to determine the effects of long term calcitonin
      (CT) treatment on Paget's disease of bone, but very few studies have been
      undertaken to determine the long term CT effect on nonpagetic bone in man.
      Because of conflicting results of the CT effect on osteoporosis and also for
      further understanding of the role of CT on normal bone, we conducted a
      longitudinal prospective study on the effect of CT treatment on nonpagetic bone
      in patients with Paget's disease using monoenergetic photon absorptionmetry
      method. Patients with Paget's disease were given salmon CT daily for a period of
      3 yr, the bone mineral content (BMC) in the nonpagetic distal radius was measured
      periodically for 3 yr, and the data were compared with those of the control group
      of patients with Paget's disease not receiving CT treatment. It was found that
      the control group showed a persistent gradual decrease in BMC during the study
      period of 3 yr, but the CT-treated group showed no decrease in BMC during the 3
      yr period of treatment. Our study suggests that CT treatment may delay the
      natural course of bone demineralization with aging in patients with Paget's
      disease.

PMID- 6822645
TI  - Effects of "jet lag" on hormonal patterns. IV. Time shifts increase growth
      hormone release.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour GH profiles were obtained in five normal male volunteers before
      travel, 1, 11, and 21 days after the Brussels-Chicago flight (time shift, 7 h);
      and 1, 11, and 21 days after the return flight. The westward and eastward travels
      involved, respectively, periods of 23 and 33 h of sleep deprivation. One year
      later, two of the five volunteers were submitted, in the laboratory, to an
      investigation mimicking the conditions of sleep deprivation undergone in the
      course of the eastward travel and involving two 24-h periods of blood sampling.
      Blood samples were drawn every 15 min, and sleep was polygraphically monitored.
      The amounts of GH secreted were quantified, and their relationship with the
      different sleep stages was analyzed. Time shifts, whether caused by "jet lag" or
      by sleep deprivation in the laboratory, had two effects on GH secretory patterns.
      First, a marked increase in GH release, due to an augmentation of the magnitude,
      rather than the number, of secretory spikes was observed, independently of sleep
      disturbances. Return to basal levels was slower after westward than after
      eastward travel and took at least 11 days. Second, 1 day after the eastward
      transportation as well as immediately after 33 h of sleep deprivation, the major
      GH spike, which occurred in early sleep in the other studies, was shifted to late
      sleep. In these investigations, the only consistent alteration of sleep was a
      reduction in the amount of rapid eye movement (REM) stage. The occurrence of GH
      spikes in sleep was significantly associated with slow wave (SW) stage. However,
      total amounts of GH secreted during sleep were negatively correlated with the
      total duration of REM stages rather than positively correlated with the total
      duration of SW stages. A spike by spike analysis showed that the amount of GH
      secreted correlates best with the ratio (SW - REM) to (SW + REM), which relates
      the amount of REM preceding the spike to the amount of SW during the spike and
      thus constitutes an indicator of the status of the REM-non-REM oscillation.

PMID- 6822646
TI  - Saliva estriol measurements: an alternative to the assay of serum unconjugated
      estriol in assessing feto-placental function.
AB  - We have investigated the possibility of replacing measurements of maternal serum
      estriol (E3) with maternal saliva E3. Saliva and serum E3 concentrations were
      measured by RIA in samples obtained from normal subjects in late pregnancy. The
      saliva E3 was found to accurately reflect the serum unbound unconjugated E3 and
      was directly proportional to total serum unconjugated E3. The variability in
      saliva E3, as assessed by the coefficient of variation for samples collected at
      intervals of 1 day, 1 h, or 10 min (16.5%, 22.7%, and 13.1% respectively) was not
      significantly different from published data on the variability in serum E3. No
      diurnal variation was apparent in samples collected every hour throughout the
      waking period of a normal day (n = 23). The increase in saliva E3 with
      gestational age was consistent with the well established pattern for serum E3,
      with the median value exhibiting a small but significant rise between 32 and 33
      weeks and a larger rise between 36 and 37 weeks. The ease with which saliva
      samples may be collected procedure together with the high correlation between
      saliva and serum unconjugated E3 levels suggest that assay of saliva E3 should
      replace serum E3 measurement for assessing feto-placental wellbeing.

PMID- 6822648
TI  - The effect of thyroid hormones on gluconeogenesis and forearm metabolism in man.
AB  - The present study was designed to examine the effects of excess T3 on total body
      glucose production and forearm exchange of glucose, amino acids, and other
      metabolites. Five healthy male volunteers were studied after an overnight fast,
      before and 7 days after the administration of 150 micrograms/day T3. Glucose
      production (milligrams per kg/min) was measured using a primed continuous
      infusion of [3-3H]glucose and gluconeogenic index (micromoles per kg/min) was
      measured by following the conversion of infused [14C]alanine to [14C]glucose.
      Blood flow across the forearm was measured using capacitance plethysmography and
      forearm release of substrates was determined by the Fick principle. After T3
      administration, there was a 3.7-fold rise in T3 from 150 +/- 15 to 530 +/- 12
      ng/dl (P less than 0.001), with no change in insulin (12 +/- 1 microU/ml pre-T3
      vs. 13 +/- 2 microU/ml post-T3) and glucagon (79 +/- 5 pre-T3 vs. 84 +/- 7 pg/ml
      post-T3). T3 administration resulted in an increase in plasma glucose (from 83 +/
      5 to 98 +/- 5 mg/dl; P less than 0.05), net glucose uptake by the forearm (from
      250 +/- 90 to 712 +/- 60 nmol/100 ml forearm tissue X min; P less than 0.005) and
      glucose production (1.7 +/- 0.09 to 2.2 +/- 0.08 mg/kg X min; P less than 0.005),
      without a change in glucose clearance (2.1 +/- 0.02 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.02 ml/kg X
      min); the rate of conversion of [14C]alanine to [14C]glucose increased by 30%
      (0.56 +/- 0.03 to 0.74 +/- 0.03 mumol/ kg X min P less than 0.005). These values
      were associated with a 25% increase in blood lactate to 712 +/- 69 mumol/liter (P
      less than 0.05) and a 131% increase in lactate release across the forearm to 434
      +/- 90 (P less than 0.005). Forearm release of alanine (96 +/- 29 nmol/100 ml
      forearm tissue X min) and glutamine (151 +/- 41 nmol/100 ml forearm tissue X min)
      increased by 90% (P less than 0.005 and P = 0.04, respectively), with no change
      in their concentrations. Forearm release of branched chain amino acids did not
      change, while those of their ketoacids, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and alpha
      ketoisovalerate (KIV), doubled (to 64 +/- 9 mumol/liter for KIC and 39 +/- 6
      mumol/liter for KIV; P less than 0.05). These were associated with a 45% increase
      in the branched chain amino acid levels and a 46% rise in both KIC and KIV levels
      to 41 +/- 9 and 28 +/- 7 mumol/liter, respectively (P less than 0.05). There was
      a concurrent significant (P less than 0.05) change in the arterial levels of
      phenylalanine (-32%), tyrosine (-29%), threonine (-20%), glycine (-20%), and
      serine (-15%), without any change in their efflux across the forearm. The data
      indicate that a pharmacologically induced rise in T3, to levels comparable to
      those seen in hyperthyroidism, results in enhanced glucose production, with an
      increase in glucose uptake by the forearm. The former can be partially accounted
      for by an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, or possibly
      increased renal glucose production...

PMID- 6822649
TI  - Negative feedback suppression of sleep-related growth hormone secretion.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that injections of growth hormone (GH) can
      blunt subsequent GH secretory responses to daytime pharmacological stimulation.
      The current study was undertaken to determine whether GH administration to normal
      subjects would suppress sleep-related secretion. GH (2 U im) was given nine times
      over 5 days to each of six subjects, and sleep studies with blood sampling were
      performed 6 h after the last injection. Secretion during the first 2 h of sleep
      was decreased by 62.4%, indicating that sleep-related GH secretion may be
      responsive to a negative-feedback mechanism.

PMID- 6822647
TI  - A new solid phase immunoradiometric assay for antithyroid microsomal antibody.
AB  - A new sensitive, quantitative, and specific immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for
      antithyroid microsomal (anti-M) antibody has been developed. Samples to be tested
      are incubated within wells of polyvinyl microtiter plates coated with solubilized
      thyroid microsomal antigen. After removal of unbound material, anti-M antibody is
      detected by adding purified [125I]antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody.
      Using 1.0 microliter serum, anti-M antibody was found by IRMA in all of the
      patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or idiopathic myxedema (n = 19), in 86% of
      those with Graves' disease (n = 42), in 10.9% of subjects with other
      nonautoimmune thyroid disorders (n = 37), and in 8.4% of normal controls (n =
      71). A good correlation was found with the results obtained in anti-M antibody
      tests by passive hemagglutination. Using larger volumes of serum (up to 100
      microliters), anti-M antibody detectable by IRMA was found in some patients with
      Graves' disease and negative passive hemagglutination tests. Quantitative
      measurements of anti-M antibody by IRMA could be performed using a standard IgG
      preparation containing high levels of anti-M antibody. The minimal detectable
      amount ranged between 1-2 ng IgG, corresponding to a sensitivity 15-30 times
      greater than that of the competitive binding radioassay. We suggest that the
      present IRMA may be proposed as a general technique for the detection of
      different organ-specific autoantibodies.

PMID- 6822650
TI  - Peptides related to the NH2-terminal end of proopiocortin in man.
AB  - Peptides related to the NH2-terminus of proopiocortin in man were studied with
      three different RIAs directed toward gamma 3MSH, human 16K, and mouse 16K. The
      culture medium derived from a human corticotropic adenoma (SCH medium), which had
      previously been used as a human reference standard, generated competitive binding
      curves parallel to that of purified human 16K in all three RIA systems. Gel
      exclusion chromatography performed with pituitary-derived materials (adenoma
      extract and medium, and plasma from patients with Nelson's syndrome) showed that
      the overall immunoreactive gamma 3MSH eluted as one major peak at the position of
      human 16K. Its molecular weight estimated under denaturing conditions was 11,000.
      Gel exclusion chromatography performed with nonpituitary-derived materials (tumor
      extract and plasma from patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome) showed that a
      major peak eluted at the position of human 16K, and a smaller molecular weight
      peptide eluted in a position intermediary between that of human 16K and synthetic
      gamma 3MSH. These data show that immunoreactive gamma 3MSH is indeed identical to
      human 16K in pituitary-derived materials. A different processing of the
      proopiocortin molecule is likely to occur in nonpituitary tumors and will result
      in the release of a smaller molecular weight peptide. The exact nature of this
      peptide is not known. It is speculated that it may serve as a nonpituitary tumor
      marker.

PMID- 6822651
TI  - Absence of metabolic bone disease in adult patients with the nephrotic syndrome
      and normal renal function.
AB  - Patients with the nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function have low levels of
      25(OH)D in serum presumably due to the loss of this metabolite in the urine.
      Osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism have been recently reported to occur as a
      consequence of those low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). We studied six
      patients (aged 26-52 yr) with the nephrotic syndrome (mean duration, 6.7 yr;
      range, 2-12 yr) and normal renal function, and evaluated their calcium,
      phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D metabolite levels. Bone biopsies were obtained in
      all patients. The creatinine clearance ranged from 83-134 ml/min . 1.73 m2 of
      body surface, serum albumin was 2.65 +/- 0.42 (+/- SD) g/100 ml, and proteinuria
      ranged from 3.5-13.2 g/24 h. All patients had normal serum magnesium, phosphorus,
      ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (total and bone fraction), and normal
      roentgenographic metabolic bone survey. Serum PTH, measured by the carboxy
      terminal RIA, was 5.1 +/- 2.3 mu leq/ml (normal, 2-10), serum 250HD was 8.8 +/-
      4.0 ng/ml (normal, 15-30), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was 38 +/- 25 pg/ml
      (normal, 17-58). Serum vitamin D-binding protein was 420 +/- 42 micrograms/ml
      (normal, 400-800). The histological appearance of bone biopsies obtained in these
      patients was not different from that in a group of sex- and age-matched controls.
      Specifically, there was no increase in the volume of osteoid (unmineralized
      bone), the percentage of trabecular surface covered by osteoid, or the number of
      osteoclasts. The cellular rate of mineralization was normal in all six patients.
      Thus, these data indicate that low serum levels of 250HD in patients with the
      nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function do not necessarily result in the
      development of osteomalacia and/or hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6822652
TI  - Effect of meal on serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin: possible role of
      secretin.
AB  - Purified secretin infused in an estimated physiological dose caused an increase
      in serum immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) in man. Ingestion of a
      gastric acid-stimulating test meal, a procedure known to increase endogenous
      secretin, caused increases in serum iPTH and plasma iCT in normal subjects.
      Ingestion of antacid with the test meal blunted the increase in both iPTH and
      iCT. Ingestion of the test meal by pernicious anemia patients with achlorhydria
      caused no stimulation of either serum iPTH or plasma iCT. Therefore, based on the
      observations that 1) exogenous secretin stimulated iPTH and iCT, 2) an acid
      stimulating test meal is known to stimulate endogenous secretin release (4), 3)
      the test meal increased both serum iPTH and iCT in normal man, an effect
      nullified by simultaneous antacid ingestion, and 4) the test meal caused no
      increase in either iPTH or iCT in achlorhydric patients, we conclude that
      endogenous secretin possibly mediates this effect of test meal and, therefore,
      may play a physiological role in modulating the secretion of PTH and CT.

PMID- 6822653
TI  - Sodium-restricted diet increases nighttime plasma norepinephrine and impairs
      sleep patterns in man.
AB  - Plasma norepinephrine levels in 10 healthy young males were significantly
      elevated after 3 days of a low sodium (less than 500 mg/day) diet. The low sodium
      diet was also associated with disturbed sleep patterns: decreased rapid eye
      movement and slow wave sleep and increased wakefulness. These sleep changes are
      similar to those seen in normal aged adults, who also undergo elevations of
      daytime and nighttime plasma norepinephrine. These results suggest the
      possibility that increased sympathetic nervous system activity may affect sleep
      patterns, and that therapies altering sympathetic activity may affect sleep.

PMID- 6822654
TI  - Four-parameter model of the sigmoidal relationship between parathyroid hormone
      release and extracellular calcium concentration in normal and abnormal
      parathyroid tissue.
AB  - We employed a computer program to curve-fit data relating PTH release in vitro to
      the extracellular calcium concentration in parathyroid cells prepared from normal
      bovine and human as well as pathological human parathyroid tissue. In bovine
      cells and 82% of human cell preparations in which PTH release was more than 50%
      suppressible by high calcium concentrations, the data were successfully fitted to
      symmetrical sigmoidal curves. Such curves were defined by four parameters [A =
      maximum PTH release, B = slope of the curve at the setpoint, C = set-point
      (calcium concentration causing half-maximal inhibition of secretion), and D =
      minimum PTH release]. There was excellent agreement between the predicted values
      for these parameters and those we have obtained previously using visual fits. We
      also generated theoretical curves with the program to assess the possible
      contribution of changes in parameters A through D to hypersecretion of PTH in
      hyperparathyroidism. These analyses suggested that changes in maximal PTH
      secretion, slope of the curve, set-point, and maximal suppressibility of PTH
      release all might contribute to hormonal hypersecretion. On a quantitative basis,
      however, changes in the set-point produced the largest alteration in secretory
      rate for a given change in the value of a parameter. These results provide a
      mathematical model for the relationship between PTH release and the extracellular
      calcium concentration. Moreover, they provide a means of analyzing theoretically
      the contribution of various qualitative changes in this relationship to states of
      hypo- and hypersecretion of PTH.

PMID- 6822656
TI  - Different causes for hypertriglyceridemia in male and female patients with
      chronic renal failure?
AB  - The changes in plasma postheparin lipolytic activities that occur in patients
      with chronic renal insufficiency were found to be sex dependent. Male patients
      showed decreased hepatic lipase activity, while female patients exhibited
      decreased lipoprotein lipase activity. These findings offer 1) an explanation for
      the hitherto confusing data on postheparin lipolytic activities in chronic renal
      failure reported in the literature, and 2) a further argument for a role of
      hepatic lipase activity in the regulation of the breakdown of plasma
      triglycerides.

PMID- 6822655
TI  - Immunoreactive calcitonin in catecholamine storage vesicles of human
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The subcellular storage site for catecholamines in normal adrenal gland and
      pheochromocytoma tissue is the secretory granule or chromaffin granule (vesicle).
      Since some pheochromocytomas also contain calcitonin, we examined the occurrence
      and subcellular storage of calcitonin in 15 tumors from 12 patients with
      pheochromocytoma using a sensitive human calcitonin RIA. Only 1 of these patients
      had medullary thyroid carcinoma. The tumors of 9 patients contained calcitonin,
      from 1,705-3,602,457 pg/tumor. Highly purified chromaffin granules were prepared
      by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The granules from 9 tumors in 8
      patients contained calcitonin in amounts varying from 1,156-201,426 pg/tumor,
      accounting for 24 +/- 8% of the total calcitonin. Dilutions of chromaffin granule
      calcitonin immunoreactivity were parallel to the standard calcitonin RIA curve,
      which indicated antigenic similarity between pheochromocytoma calcitonin and
      synthetic human calcitonin; on gel filtration, chromaffin granule calcitonin
      coeluted with [125I]human calcitonin monomer, indicating size similarity. Thus,
      calcitonin seems to be present in the chromaffin secretory granules of most
      pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 6822657
TI  - Suppression of basal and stimulated noradrenergic activities by the dopamine
      agonist bromocriptine in man.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effects of dopaminergic receptor
      stimulation on basal and stimulated catecholamine release in man. Five normal
      white male volunteer subjects were studied in metabolic balance at constant 150
      meq sodium, 60-meq potassium intake and then daily for 8 days on an isocaloric
      constant diet of 10 meq sodium and 60 meq potassium/day in each of two separate
      protocols. In one protocol, the subjects received the dopamine agonist
      bromocriptine for 14 days before and during the study; in the other protocol,
      placebo was substituted for bromocriptine. During normal sodium intake,
      bromocriptine suppressed supine plasma norepinephrine concentrations from 193 +/-
      10 to 159 +/- 9 pg/ml (P = 0.01). Dietary sodium depletion increased supine
      plasma norepinephrine concentrations in subjects taking placebo from 193 +/- 10
      to 229 +/- 10 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). Bromocriptine prevented the supine
      plasma norepinephrine response to sodium depletion. After discontinuation of
      bromocriptine treatment, supine plasma norepinephrine concentrations returned to
      placebo control values. Upright posture stimulated an increase in plasma
      norepinephrine concentrations from 193 +/- 10 to 419 +/- 30 pg/ml (P = 0.0001)
      during normal sodium intake, and bromocriptine suppressed this response from 419
      +/- 30 to 286 +/- 29 pg/ml (P = 0.004). Dietary sodium depletion enhanced the
      plasma norepinephrine response to upright posture, and bromocriptine markedly
      suppressed this enhancement. After discontinuation of bromocriptine treatment,
      supine and upright plasma norepinephrine concentrations returned to placebo
      control values. Bromocriptine induced a parallel downward shift in the inverse
      hyperbolic relationship between the plasma norepinephrine concentration and
      urinary sodium excretion in erect subjects, and decreased overnight urinary
      norepinephrine excretion in supine subjects from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/h
      (P = 0.0002). No consistent effects of bromocriptine on plasma epinephrine or
      dopamine concentrations were observed. The results of this study strongly suggest
      an inhibitory action of dopamine receptor stimulation by bromocriptine on basal
      and stimulated norepinephrine output at noradrenergic nerve terminals in the
      central nervous system and/or the periphery.

PMID- 6822658
TI  - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Immunological and
      blood--cerebrospinal fluid barrier-dependent changes in the cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were taken from strain 13 guinea pigs in
      various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis using
      techniques which allowed repeated sampling from the same animal. Samples were
      assayed for albumin and IgG and the corresponding CSF/plasma quotients evaluated
      graphically using a method which could discriminate between blood-CSF barrier
      dysfunction and local IgG synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS). During
      the disease a 2-3-fold increase in plasma IgG concentration developed and an
      increase in blood-CSF permeability was noted. Isoelectric focusing revealed an
      oligoclonal IgG pattern identical in both plasma and CSF. The results provided no
      evidence for a local production of IgG in the CNS like that which is known to
      occur in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6822659
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against Met-enkephalin as probe in the central nervous
      system.
AB  - Peptides with transmitter-like properties have been found in many brain areas.
      Immunochemical techniques have contributed most to clarification of the function
      and the pathway of these substances in neuronal systems. In this paper we report
      the production of 4 monoclonal antibodies against Met-enkephalin and their use in
      studying this peptide in rat cervical cord. Two of the antibodies recognize the
      COOH-terminus part of the Met-enkephalin, and do not cross-react with other known
      peptides. The other two antibodies are mainly directed against the NH2-terminus
      part of the peptide. Specific interactions of these monoclonal antibodies with
      regions of rat cervical cord were shown by immunochemistry techniques.

PMID- 6822660
TI  - Two types of dysfunctional eighth component of complement (C8) molecules in C8
      deficiency in man. Reconstitution of normal C8 from the mixture of two abnormal
      C8 molecules.
AB  - Restoration of hemolytic activity was examined in sera from seven unrelated
      eighth component of complement (C8)-deficient subjects. The sera fell into two
      groups, depending on whether hemolytic activity was restored by the addition of
      the beta-chain (group 1) or the alpha-gamma-subunit (group 2) purified from
      normal human C8. Antigenic analysis of these sera by double-immunodiffusion using
      anti-human C8 confirmed previous findings of a dysfunctional C8 in the four sera
      of group 1 and established the presence of a different dysfunctional C8 in one of
      the sera of group 2 when tested at a high concentration. Further characterization
      of the dysfunctional C8 molecules in the two sera by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that group 1 sera were missing
      the beta-subunit and group 2 sera were missing the alpha-gamma-subunit of the C8
      molecule. Sera from either of these two groups alone did not produce hemolysis in
      hemolytic plates containing sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and
      complement components up to C7 (EAC1-7) and C9. When sera from the two groups
      were added to adjacent wells in the hemolytic plates, a zone of hemolysis
      developed between the wells. The contribution of C8 alpha-gamma from the sera of
      group 1 and of C8 beta from those of group 2 to the lysis of EAC1-7 in the
      presence of C9 was confirmed by the inhibitory effect of specific antibodies
      against the two C8 subunits. In experiments in which hemolytic activity was
      reconstituted by mixing sera from group 1 with sera from group 2, the serum
      source of C8 beta (group 2) was the limiting reagent. The dysfunctional C8
      molecule in this serum was able to bind to EAC1-7. Chromatographic analysis
      demonstrated that the generation of hemolytic activity in the mixture of the two
      sera resulted from the reconstitution of the C8 molecule rather than the
      sequential action of the two C8 subunits.

PMID- 6822661
TI  - Motor function of the opossum sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - We studied the opossum sphincter of Oddi (SO) because in this species the SO is
      approximately 3 cm in length and its extraduodenal location permits recording of
      motor activity with negligible interference from duodenal motor activity. The SO
      segment of 120 animals was evaluated by one or more of the following: (a)
      intraluminal manometry; (b) electromyography; (c) common bile duct (CBD) flow
      monitored by a drop counter; (d) cineradiography of intraductal contrast medium;
      and (e) histologic examination. SO pull-throughs using an infused catheter of 0.6
      mm o.d. invariably showed a high pressure zone (HPZ) of 18 +/- 3 SE mm Hg in the
      terminal 4-5 mm of the SO segment. This HPZ had a narrow lumen, 0.5-0.7 mm in
      diam, and prominent circular muscle. The HPZ in the terminal SO had both active
      and passive components. HPZ with minimal amplitude and a paucity of underlying
      smooth muscle were present inconstantly at the junction of the SO segment with
      the CBD and pancreatic duct, respectively. The dominant feature of the SO segment
      was rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originated in the proximal SO and
      propagated toward the duodenum. These contractions occurred spontaneously at a
      rate of 2-8/min, ranged up to 200 mm Hg in magnitude, had a duration of
      approximately 5 s and were not abolished by tetrodotoxin. Concurrent myoelectric
      and manometric recordings showed that each phasic contraction was immediately
      preceded by an electrical spike burst. Simultaneous recordings of
      cineradiography, CBD inflow of contrast medium, SO manometry, and SO
      electromyography indicated that rhythmic peristaltic contractions stripped
      contrast medium from the SO into the duodenum. During SO systole, CBD emptying
      was transiently interrupted, whereas SO filling occurred during the diastolic
      interval between SO peristaltic contractions. SO distention increased the
      frequency of SO peristalsis. We conclude that (a) the dominant feature of the
      opossum SO is rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originate in the proximal SO
      and propagate toward the duodenum; (b) these forceful SO peristaltic contractions
      are myogenic in origin and serve as a peristaltic pump that actively empties the
      SO segment; (c) CBD outflow occurs passively during SO diastole, but is
      interrupted transiently during each SO peristaltic contraction; and (d) a short
      HPZ with active as well as passive components exists in the distal SO segment and
      acts as a variable resistor to SO outflow.

PMID- 6822662
TI  - Deficient adenylate cyclase regulatory protein in renal membranes from a patient
      with pseudohypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Recent studies have established that some patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism
      have a deficiency of the adenylate cyclase regulatory protein (the G unit) in
      plasma membranes from erythrocytes, platelets, and fibroblasts. We have directly
      measured the activity of the G unit in renal membranes from a patient with
      pseudohypoparathyroidism who, in addition to parathyroid hormone resistance, has
      resistance to thyrotropin and gonadotropins. Erythrocyte membrane G unit activity
      was 57% that of control erythrocyte membranes. Lubrol PX extracts of renal
      membranes had only 30% of the G unit activity of control renal membrane extracts,
      whether assayed with sodium fluoride or guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP
      gamma-S). In cholate extracts, the G unit activity was 37 and 48% of control with
      fluoride or GTP-gamma-S, respectively. Cholera toxin-dependent incorporation of
      [32P]ADP-ribose into the 42,000-Mr subunit of the G unit was decreased in renal
      membranes from the patient compared with control renal membranes. The data
      demonstrate that the membrane G unit deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism
      extends to the cells of a clinically relevant parathyroid hormone target tissue.

PMID- 6822663
TI  - Primate erythrocyte-immune complex-clearing mechanism.
AB  - Previous in vitro studies have shown that immune complexes (IC) that fix
      complement can bind to the C3b receptor on primate erythrocytes. The in vivo
      function of this erythrocyte receptor, however, is unknown. This study was
      undertaken to determine whether the binding of IC to erythrocytes in vivo might
      play a role in the removal of IC from the circulation. Baboons and rhesus monkeys
      were prepared with a catheter in the ascending aorta to infuse IC and in the
      abdominal aorta, renal, hepatic, and portal veins to monitor changes in binding
      and clearance of IC across kidney, liver, and spleen + gut, respectively.
      Autologous 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes were infused intravenously and allowed to
      equilibrate. Preformed IC (125I-labeled bovine serum albumin [BSA] rabbit anti
      BSA) were then infused into the ascending aorta at a constant rate for 120 s.
      Blood samples were drawn at frequent intervals for 30 min from all catheters
      below the IC injection site. Each blood sample was then centrifuged on percoll to
      separate IC bound to erythrocytes from IC in plasma or bound to buffy coat cells.
      This resulted in an "erythrocyte fraction" beneath the percoll that contained the
      IC bound to erythrocytes, and a "plasma/buffy coat fraction" above the percoll
      that contained the IC in plasma and IC bound to buffy coat cells. Analysis of
      these data showed that the majority of the IC infused into the circulation
      rapidly became bound to erythrocytes. However, by 5 min after beginning the IC
      infusion, most of this IC load had been removed from the erythrocytes as they
      traversed the liver. In contrast, IC on erythrocytes did not deposit in kidney.
      The IC-bearing erythrocytes themselves were not trapped or detained by any organ.
      IC in the plasma/buffy coat fraction of blood were removed from the circulation
      but at a relatively low rate and almost entirely by the liver. These findings
      suggest that primate erythrocytes intercept large complement-fixing IC in the
      circulation causing the IC to adhere to the erythrocyte until th e IC-bearing
      erythrocyte traverses liver where the IC is deposited, and the erythrocyte is
      returned to the circulation. This primate erythrocyte-IC-clearing mechanism may
      be important in the protection against diseases mediated by deposition of
      circulating IC.

PMID- 6822665
TI  - Disorders of B cells and helper T cells in the pathogenesis of the immunoglobulin
      deficiency of patients with ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - The pathogenesis of the immunoglobulin deficiency of 20 patients with ataxia
      telangiectasia was studied using an in vitro immunoglobulin biosynthesis system.
      10 patients had no detectable IgA in their serum as assessed by radial diffusion
      in agar and 3 had a reduced serum IgA concentration. The peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells of 17 of the patients and 17 normal controls were cultured with
      pokeweed mitogen for 12 d and the immunoglobulin in the supernatants measured.
      The immunoglobulin synthesis was below the lower limit of the normal 95%
      confidence interval for IgM in 5 patients, for IgG in 8, and for IgA in 14. The
      mononuclear cells from 9 of the 10 patients with a serum IgA concentration less
      than 0.1 mg/ml failed to synthesize IgA in vitro. None of the patients manifested
      excessive suppressor cell activity. All patients had reduced but measurable
      helper T cell activity for immunoglobulin synthesis by co-cultured normal
      pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells (geometric mean 22% of normal). Furthermore,
      the addition of normal irradiated T cells to patient peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells led to an augmentation of IgM synthesis in 15 of 17 and to increased IgG
      synthesis in 9 of the 17 patients studied, including 9 of the 12 patients who had
      synthesized IgG before the addition of the irradiated T cells. In addition, IgA
      synthesis was increased in all eight patients examined that had serum IgA
      concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/ml. These studies suggest that a helper T cell
      defect contributes to the diminished immunoglobulin synthesis. However, a helper
      T cell defect does not appear to be the sole cause since there was no IgA
      synthesis by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 9 of the 10 patients with
      a profoundly reduced serum IgA even when co-cultured with normal T cells.
      Furthermore, the cells of the nine patients with profoundly reduced IgA levels
      examined also failed to produce IgA when stimulated with the relatively helper T
      cell-independent polyclonal activators, Nocardia water soluble mitogen or Epstein
      Barr virus. Taken together these data support the view that the reduced
      immunoglobulin synthesis of these patients is due to defects of both B cells and
      helper T cells. Such a broad defect in lymphocyte maturation taken in conjunction
      with our demonstration of persistent alpha fetoprotein production by ataxia
      telangiectasia patients provides support for the proposal that these patients
      exhibit a generalized defect in tissue differentiation.

PMID- 6822664
TI  - Lack of effect of peritubular protein on passive NaCl transport in the rabbit
      proximal tubule.
AB  - The effect of peritubular protein removal on passive NaCl transport was examined
      in the isolated rabbit proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Three modes of passive
      NaCl transport were tested: (a) paracellular backflux of NaCl, (b) convective
      flow of NaCl through junctional complexes, and (c) anion gradient-dependent NaCl
      transport. The effect of peritubular protein removal on the paracellular
      permeability to NaCl was examined using transepithelial specific resistance.
      Eight PCT were perfused with ultrafiltrate (UF) and bathed in either serum or UF.
      Transepithelial specific resistance averaged 14.5 +/- 1.9 in the presence and
      13.7 +/- 1.7 omega cm2 in the absence of peritubular protein. The effect of
      peritubular protein removal on the convective flow of a NaCl solution across
      functional complexes was examined in the absence of active transport by using
      colloid osmotic pressure (COP) gradients. 12 PCT were perfused with simple salt
      solutions in Donnan equilibrium with and without protein at 20 degrees C. A COP
      gradient of 60.1 and -60.1 mmHg drove only 0.06 and -0.23 nl/min, respectively.
      These values are approximately 10% of the value predicted for an effect of
      peritubular protein on NaCl solution flow (1.98 nl/min) and are approximately
      equal to the value predicted for pure water equilibration for the small osmotic
      pressure difference between solutions in Donnan equilibrium (0.17-0.18 nl/min).
      The effect of peritubular protein removal on the passive absorption of NaCl
      driven by anion concentration gradients was examined in seven PCT perfused with a
      high chloride solution simulating late proximal tubular fluid and bathed in
      either serum or UF at 20 degrees C. Volume absorption averaged 0.34 +/- 0.20 in
      the presence and 0.39 +/- 0.20 nl/mm min in the absence of peritubular protein.
      In conclusion, peritubular protein removal did not significantly affect any of
      the three distinct modes of passive NaCl transport tested. The lack of effect of
      peritubular protein removal on passive paracellular NaCl transport suggests that
      protein modulates an active transcellular NaCl transport process.

PMID- 6822666
TI  - Z-DNA-specific antibodies in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Naturally occurring antibodies to left-handed Z-DNA have been shown to be present
      in the sera of human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These
      antibodies are of two types. One type reacts with both denatured DNA and Z-DNA.
      The other type is specific for Z-DNA and remained in the serum after removal of
      the cross-reactive antibody by extensive absorption on a denatured DNA affinity
      column. The antibodies appear to be specific for SLE and do not appear frequently
      in other rheumatic diseases. The presence of the antibody in SLE is correlated
      with the clinical manifestations of the disease, in parallel with antibodies to
      native and denatured DNA.

PMID- 6822667
TI  - Unanticipated stimulatory action of glucocorticoids on epithelial calcium
      absorption. Effect of dexamethasone on rat distal colon.
AB  - We studied the action of a glucocorticoid (GC, dexamethasone) and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on transepithelial calcium (Ca) transport in
      rat distal colon. GC 1.2 mg or 1,25(OH)2D3 270 ng were given daily for 4 d and Ca
      fluxes were measured in vitro in the absence of electrochemical gradients (Ussing
      technique). RESULTS: (a) Both 1,25(OH)2D3 and GC increased Ca absorptive flux
      from 24 +/- 3 (SEM) to 50 +/- 1 and from 23 +/- 1 to 38 +/- 4 nmol/cm2 per h,
      respectively (in each case n = 9, P less than 0.01); both steroid hormones had no
      effect on Ca secretory flux. (b) GC, but not 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the short
      circuit current Isc) from 30 +/- 5; to 111 +/- 13 microA/cm2 (P less than 0.01),
      reflecting stimulation of electrogenic sodium (Na) transport. Choline replacement
      of Na in the bathing buffer abolished both the Isc and the active Ca transport
      induced by GC, but has no effect on the 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated active Ca
      absorption. (c) When the buffer Ca concentration ([Ca]) on both sides of the
      epithelium was reduced from 1.25 to 1.25 X 10(-2) mM, the GC-induced, but not the
      1,25(OH)2D3-induced, stimulation in Ca absorption was abolished. This suggests
      that the GC-stimulated Ca absorption may require a "threshold" Ca gradient across
      the luminal membrane through which Ca influx occurs. Thus, contrary to the
      current consensus, this study demonstrates that GC stimulates active Ca transport
      and that this action is mediated through a mechanism dependent on the presence of
      Na and a critical [Ca] in the ambient medium.

PMID- 6822668
TI  - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine-stimulated human platelets cause
      pulmonary hypertension and edema in isolated rabbit lungs. Role of thromboxane
      A2.
AB  - Macrophages, neutrophils, and platelets may play a role in acute edematous lung
      injury, such as that seen in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but
      their potential actions and interactions are unclear. Because stimulated human
      macrophages and neutrophils can release acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine
      (AGEPC), a potent platelet activator, we hypothesized that in ARDS, leukocyte
      release of AGEPC might stimulate platelets to release thromboxane A2 (TXA2),
      which then produces pulmonary hypertension and lung edema. In support of this
      premise, we found that pulmonary hypertension and edema occurred in isolated
      rabbit lungs perfused with human platelets and AGEPC, but not with platelets or
      AGEPC alone. Infusion of a vasodilator (nitroglycerin) to maintain base-line
      pulmonary artery pressures in lungs perfused with platelets and AGEPC prevented
      the development of lung edema suggesting that platelet and AGEPC-induced edema
      was hydrostatic in nature. Additional experiments suggested that the increased
      pressure was a result of TXA2 release from platelets stimulated by AGEPC.
      Specifically, preincubation of platelets with imidazole, a thromboxane synthetase
      blocker, prior to infusion with AGEPC significantly diminished pulmonary
      hypertension and prevented lung edema. Furthermore, pretreating lung preparations
      with 13-azaprostanoic acid, a TXA2 antagonist, before infusion of AGEPC and
      untreated platelets also reduced the pulmonary hypertension and blocked the lung
      edema. The role of TXA2 was further suggested when perfusates from lungs infused
      with platelets and AGEPC developed high levels of TXA2, whereas perfusates from
      controls did not. These results suggest that platelet aggregation induced by
      AGEPC may contribute to ARDS by releasing TXA2, which raises microvascular
      pressure and increases edema formation, especially when an underlying
      permeability defect is present.

PMID- 6822670
TI  - Diagnosis of Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia with a
      monoclonal assay on whole blood.
AB  - Two hereditary platelet disorders, Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann's
      thrombasthenia, are characterized by selective deficiencies of platelet membrane
      glycoproteins. Murine monoclonal antibodies were developed against platelet
      membrane glycoprotein Ib and against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. A rapid
      whole blood assay for the deficiency of these glycoproteins was developed and
      used to study whole blood samples from six patients with Glanzmann's
      thrombasthenia and three patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Patients with
      type I and type II Glanzmann's thrombasthenia were easily detectable with this
      assay. This permits the diagnosis of these disorders on 200 microliters of whole
      blood within 2 h of blood sampling.

PMID- 6822669
TI  - Effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular function. Dissociation of changes in
      filling volume and in contractile state.
AB  - Prior studies of the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular function have not
      distinguished between the removal of uremic toxins and the change in cardiac
      filling volume. To separate these effects, left ventricular function was examined
      by serial echocardiography in five stable hemodialysis patients before and after
      three different dialysis procedures: (a) hemodialysis with volume Loss, (b)
      ultrafiltration (volume loss only), and (c) hemodialysis without volume loss. The
      patients were similarly studied under control conditions and after increased (5
      degrees of head-down tilt for 90 min) and decreased (lower body negative
      pressure) cardiac filling volume. After hemodialysis with volume loss, end
      diastolic volume (EDV) decreased from 167 to 128 ml (P less than 0.001) and end
      systolic volume (ESV) decreased from 97 to 51 ml (P less than 0.001) without a
      change in stroke volume (SV). Ejection fraction increased from 42 to 52% (P less
      than 0.001) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) increased
      from 0.61 to 1.04 circumferences (circ)/s (P less than 0.001). After
      ultrafiltration, EDV decreased from 167 ml to 124 ml (P less than 0.001) and SV
      from 73 ml to 39 ml (P less than 0.001), without significant changes in ESV or
      VCF. In contrast to the maneuvers in which volume loss occurred, after
      hemodialysis without volume loss ESV decreased from 95 to 66 ml (P less than
      0.001) and SV increased from 74 ml to 97 ml (P less than 0.001) without changes
      in EDV. EF increased from 44 to 59% (P less than 0.001) and VCF increased from
      0.64 to 1.26 circ/s (P less than 0.001). Ventricular function curves plotted from
      data obtained under conditions of altered cardiac filling volume before and after
      the three dialysis maneuvers demonstrate that ultrafiltration produced a pure
      Frank-Starling effect, while hemodialysis with or without volume loss produced a
      shift in the ventricular function curves, which demonstrated an increase in the
      contractile state of the left ventricle. The changes in left ventricular function
      produced by regular hemodialysis are the combined effects of a decrease in EDV
      and an increase in the contractile state of the left ventricle.

PMID- 6822671
TI  - Fluorescence of experimental atheromatous plaques with hematoporphyrin
      derivative.
AB  - Fluorescence of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) has been used clinically to
      localize malignant neoplasms because of its selective accumulation in these
      tissues. We tested the hypothesis that HPD may also be selectively concentrated
      within atheromatous plaques. 48 h after HPD injection in a variety of species,
      selective fluorescence of atheromatous plaques of the aorta was seen in each
      animal (rabbits and Patas monkey) exhibiting such lesions. No fluorescence could
      be demonstrated in aortic segments free of atheromatous involvement. Since the
      efficacy of photodynamic destruction of malignant tumors with HPD has been
      demonstrated in clinical studies, the observations of the present study may have
      therapeutic implications in atheromatosis.

PMID- 6822672
TI  - Detection of complement fixation by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
      (COMPELISA).
AB  - A method is described by which complement fixation is detected with an enzyme
      linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) technique. The method obviates the need for
      sensitised sheep red blood cells as an indicator of complement fixation and the
      titration of complement is not critical. The dose response curve has the
      advantage of being steep and the test result is read photometrically. As test
      serum and complement do not react together serum anticomplementary effects are
      eliminated. The ELISA complement fixation test (COMPELISA) was more sensitive
      than the conventional CFT for detecting brucella antibodies.

PMID- 6822673
TI  - Use of the Phoenix system for bacteriology.
AB  - A dedicated microbiology data processing system with remote batched job entry to
      an obsolete computer, has been superseded by the inclusion of bacteriology in an
      on-line interactive clinical pathology system which had previously incorporated
      chemical pathology and haematology. The original Phoenix system has been adapted
      to allow for the entry of bacteriology data using mnemonic codes and to deal with
      the problems caused by the longer processing time of bacteriology specimens.
      Particular advantages of the new system include the immediate linkage of all
      specimens for each patient and an easy recall and display of results in the
      laboratories and on the wards.

PMID- 6822674
TI  - Serum antibodies to hepatitis B virus in alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 6822675
TI  - Serum copper: a marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Serum copper concentrations were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), and in healthy controls.
      Median serum copper concentrations were raised significantly in RA and AS, but
      not in OA. Serum copper in RA correlated significantly with a number of disease
      activity markers--for example erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive
      protein, haemoglobin concentration, morning stiffness, and grip strength. It also
      correlated well with the overall disease activity as assessed by a composite
      index. Raised serum copper was associated with severe RA as manifested by the
      presence of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor, extra-articular features, weak
      grip and highly active disease. High serum copper might be related to the
      development of the pathological lesions observed in RA and not just be a
      secondary response.

PMID- 6822676
TI  - Stability of cyclosporin A in human serum.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CyA), a new immunosuppressive drug, is used for the prevention of
      organ graft rejection in man. The main side effect of CyA is nephrotoxicity which
      is usually reversible when the drug is stopped. Nephrotoxicity may be avoided in
      patients by careful monitoring of serum CyA concentration by radioimmunoassay, in
      addition to the routine biochemical tests of renal function. There is a good
      correlation between trough (12 hour) serum concentrations of CyA and plasma
      creatinine. Cyclosporin A was stable in serum at room temperature for up to seven
      days and on storage at -20 degrees C for up to five months. Delayed separation of
      blood stored at room temperature led to increased serum CyA concentrations while
      blood stored at 4 degrees C before separation was much more stable. Blood samples
      should be separated as quickly as possible to avoid the release of CyA from the
      cellular fraction into the serum. Haemolysed samples should be avoided. CyA is
      sufficiently stable at room temperature for serum samples to be sent in the first
      class post to a control laboratory for CyA assay, after patients are discharged
      from the transplant centre. Control and patient serum samples should be stored
      for a maximum of five months at -20 degrees C prior to assay for CyA.

PMID- 6822677
TI  - Prognostic value of tumour thickness in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
AB  - The relation between survival and histological features in 91 patients with
      malignant melanoma was studied and the results were analysed by Clayton's method
      for interpretation of censored survival data. There was a significant correlation
      between tumour thickness and survival. The risk of dying from malignant melanoma
      after 10 years of follow up was less than 15% if the primary tumour was less than
      1.5 mm thick but more than 80% if the lesion was thicker than 8 mm. The type of
      melanoma, level of invasion, mitotic rate, and presence of ulceration also
      correlated with survival, but these variables are related to tumour thickness.

PMID- 6822678
TI  - Coeliac disease, adenocarcinoma of jejunum and in situ squamous carcinoma of
      oesophagus.
AB  - The development of both adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and in situ squamous
      carcinoma of the oesophagus in an adult coeliac patient is described. Good
      evidence that adenocarcinoma of jejunum occurs more frequently in patients with
      coeliac disease has recently become available though this association has been
      suggested for some time. While oesophageal carcinoma has long been associated
      with coeliac disease, in situ carcinoma of oesophagus has not been previously
      described in these circumstances. We feel that the risk of this complication, as
      calculated from published series, warrants a screening programme for oesophageal
      malignancy in adult coeliacs.

PMID- 6822679
TI  - Neuroblastoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.
AB  - A case is described of a neuroblastoma which appeared to arise in a mature cystic
      teratoma of the ovary. The literature concerning neural tumours of the ovary is
      briefly reviewed and the grounds for believing that the development of such
      neoplasms is an indication of the presence of immature neuroepithelial components
      in a teratoma, rather than a result of malignant change in a fully mature
      teratoma, are discussed.

PMID- 6822680
TI  - Comparison of selective media for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli.
AB  - A comparison of Skirrow's, Butzler's, Blaser's, Campy-BAP and Preston media for
      Campylobacter spp was made using human, animal and environmental specimens.
      Butzler's medium gave the lowest isolation rate and Preston medium, which was the
      most selective, the highest isolation rate. Enrichment culture using Preston
      enrichment broth gave a higher isolation rate than direct plating onto Preston
      medium.

PMID- 6822683
TI  - Application of reflectance spectroscopy to the estimation of uric acid, urea and
      glucose: an evaluation of the Ames Seralyzer.
AB  - An original approach to the measurement of analytes in clinical chemistry has now
      become available, in which dry reagent strip technology is linked to measurement
      by reflectance spectroscopy. The present studies have evaluated the performance
      of the first of these test systems-for uric acid, urea and glucose, in serum-by
      comparison with conventional liquid chemistry methods. Satisfactory performance
      in terms of both precision and accuracy was obtained for all three test systems,
      the current "state-of-the-art" performance criteria being met; the Seralyzer
      system proved reliable and easy to use in the hands of trained operators. It
      should find a place as a "Stat" analyser in the laboratory, in specified wards
      and in Health Centres.

PMID- 6822681
TI  - Household pets as a potential reservoir for Clostridium difficile infection.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the carriage of Clostridium difficile by
      household pets to determine their potential as a reservoir of infection. The
      selective cycloserine-cefoxitin medium was used for C difficile isolation, and
      tissue culture used for detection of cytotoxin. Carriage of C difficile by
      household pets was found to be common (23%). The carriage tends to be transient
      and does not appear to be associated with gastrointestinal disease. Although
      carriage was higher in animals who had antecedent antibiotic treatment (31%)
      compared to those which had not (19%), the differences were not statistically
      significant. In most cases non-cytotoxigenic strains were isolated. Of the
      cytotoxigenic strains isolated at least one strain was pathogenic in a well
      documented animal model of human disease. Both cytotoxigenic and non
      cytotoxigenic strains of C difficile could be isolated from the environment of
      the animals studied.

PMID- 6822682
TI  - Isolation of Clostridium difficile from patients and the environment of hospital
      wards.
AB  - Rectal swabs from 122 patients and 497 environmental swabs from several wards
      were examined for the presence of Clostridium difficile in order to assess the
      role of the environment in the spread of this organism. Clostridium difficile was
      isolated from 6/27 (22.2%) oncology patients and from 8/163 (4.9%) environmental
      specimens obtained from the oncology unit. Items found positive for C difficile
      were those subjected to faecal contamination such as commode chairs, bed pans,
      dust pans, discard bins, the sluice and a disposable bed pan machine. Fourteen of
      51 (27.4%) asymptomatic neonates yielded mostly toxigenic C difficile in their
      stools during their first week of life. Five of 156 (3.2%) specimens taken from
      inanimate objects in the environment of the neonatal units were positive for C
      difficile. The organism was also isolated from the hands of a nurse. Similar
      antibiogram patterns were demonstrated in the strains obtained from the patients
      and their environment indicating the possible occurrence of cross infection.
      These results indicate that environmental contamination is important in the
      spread of C difficile in hospitalised patients and the implementation of
      isolation procedures may limit that spread.

PMID- 6822685
TI  - Use of a nonconductive acrylic pressure ring for control of bleeding during minor
      surgery.

PMID- 6822684
TI  - Relative carriage rates of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in two populations
      of different colorectal cancer risk.
AB  - Carriage of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia has been associated with colon
      cancer and implicated in its aetiology. This study has compared the carriage of
      these organisms in a British population at high risk for the development of colon
      cancer with a low risk Nigerian population. Clostridia were found in all of the
      stools from both populations. Nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia were only found
      in the stools of the British subjects (32%). These results support the suggestion
      that the carriage rate of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in a population is
      related to the risk of colon cancer.

PMID- 6822687
TI  - Office radiotherapy of cutaneous carcinomas. I. Radiation techniques, dose
      schedules, and radiation protection.

PMID- 6822686
TI  - Stump the experts. Basal-cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6822688
TI  - Office radiotherapy of cutaneous carcinomas. II. Indications in specific anatomic
      regions.

PMID- 6822689
TI  - Special requirements for residencies in allergy and immunology.

PMID- 6822690
TI  - Diagnosis of house dust mite allergy in asthmatic children: what constitutes a
      positive history?
AB  - Standardized questions were put to the parents of 530 children, referred
      consecutively for evaluation of asthma, to determine which features in the
      history were associated with house-dust mite allergy. Bronchial challenge tests
      performed on 19 of the children confirmed that there is a highly significant
      association between a positive skin prick test and a positive bronchial challenge
      test to Dermatophagoides farinae mite antigen. One hundred and eighteen (23%) of
      the children had positive prick tests to the mite. There is a highly significant
      association between a positive prick test to mite and a history that the
      subject's respiratory symptoms become worse when there is exposure to domestic
      activity that stirs up house dust (vacuuming, dusting, sweeping, making the bed,
      or shaking out blankets) or that the symptoms improve when out of doors. Seasonal
      variation and other features in the history are of little value in distinguishing
      mite-sensitive from mite-insensitive asthmatics. Although the 4% whose only
      positive prick test reaction was to mite had significant worsening of asthma
      during the colder months compared with the remainder, most mite-positive subjects
      had multiple allergies and had no characteristic seasonal pattern. The presence
      of a positive prick test to mite was not associated with aggravation of asthma
      either at night in bed or in the morning on awakening. A history similar to that
      of mite-sensitive subjects was elicited in those with a positive prick test to
      house dust. A positive history of house dust or house-dust mite allergy in
      asthmatics is one in which respiratory symptoms become worse during domestic
      activity that stirs up house dust or improve when outdoors.

PMID- 6822691
TI  - Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride asthma: evidence for specific IgE antibody.
AB  - We describe seven women with asthma induced by occupational exposure to an acid
      anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (TCPA), an epoxy resin hardening agent.
      Inhalation tests with TCPA at atmospheric concentrations of less than one tenth
      of a manufacturer's recommended exposure limit provoked asthmatic reactions in
      the four women tested. None had evidence of pretest bronchial hyperreactivity.
      Immediate skin prick test reactions were elicited in the seven subjects by a
      conjugate of TCPA with human serum albumin (TCPA-HSA) but not in others tested.
      Specific IgE antibody levels to TCPA-HSA, measured by radioallergosorbent test
      scores, were significantly elevated in the seven, but not in TCPA-exposed and
      unexposed comparison groups. These results imply that occupational asthma caused
      by TCPA is an allergic reaction mediated by specific IgE antibody.

PMID- 6822692
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of the major allergen from Japanese cedar
      (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen.
AB  - A purified allergen, antigen SBP, was obtained from the pollen of the Japanese
      cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, Sugi in Japanese) by ammonium sulfate precipitation,
      ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl and carboxymethyl cellulose, and
      gel chromatography on Sephadex G-150. Antigen SBP was a heat-sensitive basic
      glycoprotein of approximately 40,000 molecular weight. By preparative isoelectric
      focusing and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100, antigen SBP could be further
      separated into four subfractions, differing in both isoelectric point and
      molecular weight. By immunodiffusion analysis, direct skin testing, and
      radioallergosorbent test inhibition, it was shown that antigen SBP was the major
      allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, and the four subfractions were seen to be
      antigenically and allergenically identical.

PMID- 6822693
TI  - Histologic studies of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
AB  - Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from 43 consecutive patients with chronic
      idiopathic urticaria and from seven normal controls. Of 43 patients, 42 had a non
      necrotizing perivascular infiltrate composed primarily of mononuclear cells.
      There was no evidence of damage to vessel walls, of nuclear debris, or of
      extravasation of red blood cells, and most cells were seen around vessels rather
      than within the vessel wall. One patient had vasculitis with a neutrophilic
      infiltrate, nuclear debris, and positive immunofluorescence. Quantitative cell
      counts revealed four times the number of mononuclear cells and 10 times the
      number of mast cells in urticaria biopsy sites vs normal skin. Thus chronic
      urticaria is characterized by an accumulation of mononuclear cells and mast cells
      with mast cell degranulation presumably associated with hive formation. In our
      series, the characteristic lesion is not vasculitic. The stimulus responsible for
      the infiltration of skin with these cells is unknown.

PMID- 6822694
TI  - Does hyperimmunoglobulinemia-E protect tropical populations from allergic
      disease?
AB  - The Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador have the highest blood concentration of
      IgE reported in a human population. Evidence obtained by medical history,
      physical examination, and immediate hypersensitivity skin tests suggests that
      pollen allergy and other atopic diseases are rare among the Waorani. A similar
      association between parasite-induced hyperimmunoglobulinemia-E and a low
      prevalence of conventional atopic disease has been reported in numerous other
      tropical populations. Saturation of mast cell IgE receptors with antibodies
      directed to the parasite and/or other antigens and competitive inhibition of
      passive binding of pollen allergen-specific IgE is one hypothetical cause of this
      association. We have tested this interesting conjecture by passively sensitizing
      the skin of Waorani Indians with serum containing pollen allergen-specific IgE
      antibodies. Waorani Indians with hyperimmunoglobulinemia-E can be adoptively
      sensitized with human ragweed or rye grass hyperimmune IgE antisera. This
      suggests that the cutaneous mast cells of healthy Waorani have active IgE
      receptors. The high circulating plasma concentrations of IgE in the Waorani do
      not prevent adoptive cutaneous sensitization with pollen-specific IgE antibodies.

PMID- 6822695
TI  - Demonstration of IgE and IgG antibodies against venoms in the blood of victims of
      fatal sting anaphylaxis.
AB  - Nine people died from insect sting anaphylaxis in North Carolina from 1979 to
      1981. Postmortem blood specimens from eight of these subjects were analyzed for
      IgE and IgG antibodies against venoms. All eight were RAST positive to at least
      one of the venoms. IgE and IgG anti-venom levels were comparable to those of a
      group of untreated sting-allergic individuals. RAST to venoms was also performed
      on several control groups of sera and from 3% to 50% positive RAST results were
      found. The highest incidence was in rural North Carolina outdoor workers. The
      incidence of positive RAST results in the sting-death group was significantly
      different from that in the control groups. This is the first demonstration of IgE
      antibodies against venoms in the sera of victims of fatal anaphylaxis from stings
      and adds further evidence for the role of IgE in sting anaphylaxis.

PMID- 6822696
TI  - Danazol treatment of angioedema.

PMID- 6822697
TI  - Energy and nutrient calculations using an Optical Character Reader system.
AB  - A new application of the Optical Character Reader (OCR) system for dietary data
      tabulation has been presented. Comparison of the reproducibility of energy and
      nutrient values, when hand calculation, on-line computer, and OCR methods of
      calculation are used, revealed no significant differences. The OCR system
      increased turn-around time for obtaining results, but use of a clinician's time
      was greatly reduced in comparison to either the hand calculation or the on-line
      computer method. Once the initial investment for an OCR system had been made, a
      significant reduction was realized in the cost of a clinician's time used for
      energy and nutrient calculations. When the factors of reproducibility, time, and
      cost were considered, this study found the OCR method for dietary calculations as
      acceptable as either hand calculation or on-line computer methods. Clinicans
      using the OCR or hand calculation method did not need computer facilities, but
      computer keyboard terminals were required for the on-line method.

PMID- 6822699
TI  - Assessment of the zinc nutritional status of selected elderly subjects.
AB  - Elderly participants (with a mean age range of 71 to 75 years) residing in two
      housing complexes in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, can generally be characterized as
      predominantly women with a low socioeconomic status living alone. A majority of
      the participants consumed less than the RDA for food energy. The protein intake
      was nearly equal to or exceeded the RDA; however, the mean intake of zinc was
      only half of the RDA. The mean hair zinc concentration of the participants
      corresponded with the levels reported for this age group by other researchers.
      Their mean taste thresholds were higher (lower taste acuity) than those reported
      for young adults. Detection thresholds decreased as the ages of the participants
      increased. The taste acuity of the participants resembled that of groups of
      elderly studied by other investigators. A precise definition of low zinc status
      measurements among the elderly is not available at this time. However, the low
      hair zinc concentrations and taste acuity, compounded with the low zinc intake,
      indicate that this population is at risk for zinc deficiency.

PMID- 6822698
TI  - Proximate and mineral content of restaurant steak meals.
AB  - Restaurant steak meals were analyzed for proximate and mineral composition by
      standard methodology. Nutritional adequacy of the meals was determined by
      comparing analyzed values with Recommended Dietary Allowances for adults. The
      meals were considered to be adequate in a nutrient if they provided at least one
      third the RDA for that nutrient. Analyzed values were also compared with values
      obtained from food composition tables. The results of this study indicate that:
      1. Restaurant steak meals differ significantly in weight of meal components,
      proximate components, and mineral components. 2. Although the meals were adequate
      in kilocalories and protein, they could be considered to be excessive since they
      provided more than 50% of the RDA for energy and more than 100% of the RDA for
      protein. 3. The meals can be considered inadequate in calcium for both men and
      women (only 16% of the RDA) and in iron for women (only 25% of the RDA). 4.
      Tables of food composition are useful in predicting the proximate and mineral
      composition of restaurant steak meals.

PMID- 6822701
TI  - Using visual plate waste measurement to assess school lunch food behavior.
AB  - Data reflecting consumption of foods offered in an elementary school cafeteria
      were collected over a four-day period prior to and after implementation of a
      nutrition education program. Two methods were employed to measure plate waste,
      one involving the physical weighing of the returned foods and the other visual
      examination of the wastes on each child's tray. The two measurement techniques
      provided similar data on all food items except for stewed tomatoes. For them the
      visual method consistently exhibited a higher percent plate waste. The sex of the
      child influenced the amount of food wasted, with the plate waste of 18 food items
      being higher for girls than for boys. Plate waste of six food items were
      influenced by grade level; however, except for one item, there was no consistent
      trend from lower to higher grades.

PMID- 6822700
TI  - Employed women, dieting, and support groups.
AB  - The survey identified these employed women as being interested in dieting
      information (i.e., two-thirds were dieting to maintain or lose weight). The
      descriptions of life styles and family situations (e.g., family composition and
      number of hours employed) indicated a wide variation in family needs for
      nutrition information relating to food choices at special events and with
      everyday food patterns at home and eating out. These women perceived the largest
      number of supporting and negating dieting activities as coming from the family.
      Co-workers were checked about as often as the family for support activities but
      only about a third as often for negating activities. Associations for successful
      dieting imply that support occurs in both positive and negative forms. The
      results suggest that dieters with correct nutrition information may fail without
      either positive or negative support from the family and other influential groups.

PMID- 6822702
TI  - Revision of the Total Diet Study food list and diets.
AB  - The foods and diets of FDA's Total Diet Study have been revised according to
      current food consumption patterns. A representative subset of 234 foods, selected
      from aggregated NFCS and NHANES II data, is collected and analyzed by the Kansas
      City Field Office Laboratory for 11 essential minerals and more than 120 chemical
      contaminants. The daily intake by weight of these 234 foods has been extrapolated
      to represent 100% of the usual diet for eight age-sex groups. These extrapolated
      food intakes will be used to assess daily contaminant and mineral intakes. The
      revised food list and diets will be used until the results of another national
      food consumption survey show the necessity to further revise the diets for the
      Total Diet Study Program.

PMID- 6822703
TI  - Planning for a department of dietetics.
AB  - Planning means projecting management; it is often irregular, non-linear, and
      erratic. It is important to identify aspects of high predictability. Planning is
      the process of knowing the needs of the areas to be served, deciding on
      objectives for the food service, and making changes in these objectives. Good
      planning occurs before design decisions are made. Most important, the dietitian
      should be prepared to play a key role in planning--from the visionary concept to
      the functioning operation--while bearing in mind the practical aspects of the
      "real world" of planning.

PMID- 6822704
TI  - Team teaching in coordinated undergraduate programs.
AB  - Team teaching is mandated for coordinated undergraduate programs in dietetics. A
      study was undertaken to ascertain current practices in team teaching and to
      identify attitudes of faculty and clinical preceptors toward team teaching.
      Survey instruments were designed for faculty and preceptors and sent to each
      accredited CUP. Responses from 131 faculty members and 196 preceptors were
      included in the data analysis. Findings from this study indicated that there was
      wide variation in dietetic teaching teams, including the existence, structure,
      size, organization, composition, and responsibility of team members. Generally,
      there was agreement among faculty members and preceptors concerning their
      respective and shared responsibilities. However, faculty members appropriated to
      preceptors greater responsibility for selecting clinical experiences and for
      planning and attending clinical conferences. Preceptors expected faculty members
      to have greater responsibility for evaluating all aspects of the program,
      including the curriculum, learning experiences in the clinical area, and
      performance of other team members. Most faculty members and preceptors who
      participated in this study agreed with positive statements about team teaching.
      They recognized that the purpose of team teaching is to improve instruction, and
      they indicated trust in its value as a part of professional education. There
      appear to be subtle differences in the way team teaching is perceived and
      implemented by faculty members in schools of home economics and school of allied
      health. The findings suggest the need for further consideration of team
      identification, designation of team leaders, involvement of preceptors, time
      utilization, and student evaluation of team teaching.

PMID- 6822705
TI  - Geriatric medical education: a project in faculty development.
AB  - To increase the competence of physicians to practice and teach geriatric
      medicine, the Office of Geriatric Medicine at Case Western Reserve University
      School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, offered an 11-week course to interested
      physicians on the faculty. This course, "Medical Management of the Aged--A State
      of the Art Symposium for Medical Faculty," was conducted as part of an overall
      plan of the Office to enhance faculty and curriculum development in geriatrics
      within the School. The weekly sessions consisted of clinical and research
      information presented by recognized experts in the field of geriatric medicine.
      Of the 52 formal registrants, 79 per cent were physicians and were from such
      fields of specialization as internal medicine, family medicine, and psychiatry.
      The mean attendance was 37. An overview and evaluation of the geriatric faculty
      development program is given.

PMID- 6822706
TI  - Cultural factors affecting nursing home care for minorities: a study of black
      American and Japanese-American groups.
AB  - In a pilot study of two nursing homes serving primarily different ethnic groups,
      differences were found in the importance black patients and their relatives
      attached to the ethnic character of the institution compared with respondents in
      a Japanese home. The latter placed more emphasis on all aspects of ethnic
      programming and homogeneity of patients and staff. The blacks placed more
      emphasis on access to family than on ethnic orientation per se.

PMID- 6822709
TI  - "Unsolved issues" and reversible dementia.

PMID- 6822708
TI  - Where does the geriatrician fit?

PMID- 6822710
TI  - Proper use of wheelchairs.

PMID- 6822707
TI  - Quality-of-life considerations in geriatric care.

PMID- 6822712
TI  - Sleep disturbances in the institutionalized aged.
AB  - One hundred eighty nursing home residents, not psychotic or demented, average age
      82 years, were administered a 30-minute structured interview to identify and
      characterize their sleeping patterns, health status, medications, psychosocial
      environment, and living conditions. In addition, both the residents and the night
      nurses rated quality of sleep on a five-point scale. Residents and nurses on all
      shifts also rated appetite and exercise on five-point scales. Residents were
      classified as having a sleep disturbance if they met at least one of the
      following criteria and reported poor sleep quality: onset of sleep latency
      greater than 30 minutes, three or more nighttime awakenings, and less than six
      hours sleep per night. Forty-five per cent of the residents met at least one
      clinical research criterion. Residents with sleep disturbance rated their sleep
      quality significantly lower than their peers not meeting research criteria.
      However, the nurses' ratings did not discriminate problem sleepers, and they
      correlated poorly with the residents' ratings. These subjective patient
      evaluations are discussed in relation to nursing evaluations, prescription of
      hypnotic medications, and other variables.

PMID- 6822711
TI  - Referral of patients from long-term to acute-care facilities.
AB  - Medical care available to residents of nursing homes and chronic-care hospitals
      was assessed by studying transfers of such persons to the emergency room of an
      acute-care hospital. One hundred patients transferred from nursing homes and 16
      patients transferred from chronic-care hospitals were compared with 338 elderly
      patients from home (control group). Elevated temperature (greater than or equal
      to 102 degrees F) was found in 17.3 per cent of nursing home patients and 30.0
      per cent of chronic-case hospital patients, compared with 1.8 per cent of
      controls (P less than .05); mental status abnormalities were found in 66.1 per
      cent of patients from nursing homes and in 90.9 per cent of those from chronic
      care hospitals, compared with 36.2 per cent of controls (P less than .025). In
      addition, patients from chronic-care hospitals, but not those from nursing homes,
      often showed substantial abnormalities of blood pressure and pulse. Thus, the
      patients from nursing homes tended to be slightly sicker than controls, and those
      from chronic-care hospitals considerably sicker. The probability of requiring
      admission to the hospital was the same for residents of nursing homes and persons
      living at home (44.0 per cent and 43.2 per cent, respectively), but was higher
      for persons from chronic-care hospitals (81.3 per cent, P less than .005). It was
      also determined whether a disproportionately large percentage of transfers from
      extended-care facilities occurred at night or on weekends. Among nursing home
      patients, 12.6 per cent of emergency room visits occurred on weekends, compared
      with 20.0 per cent of chronic-care hospital patients and 24.3 per cent of
      controls. Thus, no evidence for "dumping" of patients was found. It was concluded
      that utilization of a hospital emergency room by nursing home patients is very
      similar to that by home residents, suggesting an inadequacy of on-site medical
      services, whereas that by chronic-care hospital patients is restricted to major
      illness, which is entirely appropriate.

PMID- 6822713
TI  - Polyurethane in the management of ulcerating lesions of the lower extremities.

PMID- 6822714
TI  - A survey of emergency room visits to determine the need for podiatric coverage.

PMID- 6822715
TI  - A study of the relationship between flexibility of closure and surgical skill.

PMID- 6822716
TI  - Cerclage wiring of metatarsal fractures. A case report.

PMID- 6822717
TI  - Diabetic non-clostridial gas gangrene. A case report.

PMID- 6822720
TI  - Cutaneous skin tag of the foot.

PMID- 6822719
TI  - Myositis ossificans. A report of a case in the foot.

PMID- 6822718
TI  - Snapping of the tibialis anterior tendon.

PMID- 6822722
TI  - How to start a Keogh or simplified Employee Pension Plan.

PMID- 6822723
TI  - Council on Podiatry Education. Sixty-third Annual Report; 1981-1982.

PMID- 6822724
TI  - Our responsibility to our aging patients.

PMID- 6822721
TI  - Technique for prosthetic replacement of missing toes.

PMID- 6822725
TI  - A graded-dose study of inactivated, surface antigen influenza B vaccine in
      volunteers: reactogenicity, antibody response and protection to challenge virus
      infection.
AB  - One hundred and nineteen volunteers were divided into five groups, and each
      volunteer inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous subunit B/Hong Kong/73
      vaccine containing 40, 20, 10, or 5 micrograms of HA or saline alone in a 0.5 ml
      volume. The incidence of reactions was recorded 24 h after inoculation. One month
      following immunization the serum HI antibody to B/Hong Kong/73 virus was
      measured; each volunteer was inoculated intranasally with live, attenuated
      influenza B (RB77) virus; and the incidence of infection by the challenge virus
      was determined by HI antibody response. The results showed that the incidence of
      reactions to all doses of vaccine were relatively low, the severity mild, and the
      duration short. However, the incidence of reactions was highest for those given
      40 micrograms HA and least for those given 5 micrograms HA. The serum HI antibody
      responses to vaccine showed a dose-response relationship. For volunteers given 40
      micrograms HA, 22 (96%) showed a fourfold rise in antibody titre and all
      volunteers had antibody titres of greater than 40 following immunization: for
      volunteers given 5 micrograms HA the g.m.t. increased from 16.6 to 86.1; and for
      those given 10 and 20 micrograms HA the response was intermediate. Following
      challenge, the lowest incidence of infection was seen in volunteers given the
      highest dose of vaccine. However, all doses of vaccine induced some protection
      against challenge virus infection, and the incidence of infection was directly
      related to the serum antibody titre at the time of challenge. The 50% protection
      titre of serum HI antibody was estimated as 15 to 20.

PMID- 6822726
TI  - Hydatid disease in the Western Isles.
AB  - An investigation into the incidence of hydatid disease was carried out in the
      Hebridean islands of Lewis and Skye. The results showed that 20% of the sheep
      were infected and 10% of the dogs harboured Echinococcus granulosus. Sporadic
      human cases continue to occur but using serological tests we were unable to show
      evidence of subclinical infection in the population sampled.

PMID- 6822727
TI  - Effect of various oral dose levels of a trimethoprim/sulphadiazine mixture on
      Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and on the proliferation of trimethoprim
      resistant faecal coliforms in pigs.
AB  - When a 1:5 mixture of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphadiazine was fed to pigs intra
      nasally infected with bordetella bronchiseptica, 10 mg/kg/day was shown to be
      highly effective in suppressing the organism. This dose level had little effect
      on numbers of TMP-resistant coliforms in faeces, but oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day
      eventually selected a resistant population. It is suggested that the
      proliferation of resistant coliforms would be minimized by administration of the
      lowest oral dose rates of antibacterial drugs compatible with efficacy.

PMID- 6822728
TI  - Seroepidemiological study on toxocaral infection in man by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A seroepidemiological survey for toxocaral infection was performed using samples
      from children and adult women in the Yamaguchi area of Western Japan. An enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay using excretory--secretory antigen was applied to
      these sera. Of samples tested, 3.1% from children and 3.7% from women were
      positive. It was found that regression analysis of positive rates by age between
      20 and 70 or more years was significant in the positive direction. The positive
      rates from urban, rural and fishing areas were 5.7, 3.9 and 1.7% respectively.
      Also, the rates from northern, western and eastern parts in the research area
      were 5.7, 4.7 and 0.5% respectively. These findings suggested that environmental
      factors are important for toxocaral infection. Further, the rate for 108 samples
      who answered that they have owned dogs was 6.2% compared to 2.9% of 422
      respondents who denied an experience of owning dogs. This fact suggested that
      attention should be paid to dog breeding for prevention and control of toxocaral
      infection in man.

PMID- 6822730
TI  - Phage types of Salmonella typhi isolated in Malaysia over the 10-year period 1970
      1979.
AB  - The pattern of phage types of 2553 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated over the
      10-year period 1970-9 was studied. During the period 29 different phage types
      were encountered, not including the categories of 'untypable strains', 'degraded
      Vi-strains' and Vi negative strains. For the period as a whole, the commonest
      phage types encountered were A (20.9%), E1 (14.8%), D1 (10.3%), degraded Vi
      positive strains (10.3%), untypable Vi strains (7.3%), C4 (7.1%), D2 (4.4%), E2
      (3.9%) and type 25 (2.6%). There were phage types which appeared in the early
      years of the period and then disappeared (types B2, D9 and D1-N). Others only
      made their appearance in recent years (K1 and 53). Notable differences were also
      seen in the predilection of some phage types for certain geographical areas.

PMID- 6822729
TI  - The serotyping of hospital strains of streptococci belonging to Lancefield group
      C and group G.
AB  - A collection of more than 300 strains belonging to either Lancefield group C or
      group G was made. The cultures had been isolated either sporadically from
      patients with serious disease or as apparent clusters from various nosocomial
      outbreaks. T-protein antigens were sought. So far, nine distinct serotypes have
      been found among the group G streptococci and seven serotypes amongst the
      Streptococcus equisimilis (group C) strains. Of the sixteen serotypes, four were
      the original T-types 7, 16, 20 and 21 described by Griffith (1934). Because of
      the similarities of representatives of the two groups to Lancefield group A
      streptococci (Griffith, 1934; Maxted & Potter, 1967) a few strains not
      unexpectedly carried T antigens usually seen in group A streptococci. Using this
      scheme it has been possible to serotype 76% of S. equisimilis strains of human
      origin and 82% of group G streptococci from human clinical material. A small
      collection of group C and group G streptococci of animal origin could not be
      serotyped with the experimental T-antisera.

PMID- 6822731
TI  - Class I MHC antigens of different subregions induce different IgG subclasses.

PMID- 6822732
TI  - Estimation of polymeric IgA in human serum: an assay based on binding of
      radiolabeled human secretory component with applications in the study of IgA
      nephropathy, IgA monoclonal gammopathy, and liver disease.
AB  - Binding of 125I-human secretory component (SC) to human polymeric immunoglobulin
      A (pIgA) was employed to measure quantitatively the pIgA present in human sera.
      Interference by IgM in some sera was prevented by removal of IgM with
      glutaraldehyde polymerized anti-IgM antibodies. 125I-SC complexed to pIgA was
      measured by precipitation with anti-IgA antibodies and the quantity of pIgA in
      human serum was estimated by comparing the quantity of 125I-SC bound by several
      dilutions of human serum to that bound by standard quantities of human monoclonal
      pIgA proteins. The assay was specific for pIgA because heat-aggregated monomeric
      IgA or hypogammaglobulinemic serum did not bind 125I-SC greater than a
      precipitate formed with human monoclonal IgG and anti-IgG. Moreover, analysis of
      a series of IgA myeloma sera indicated no correlation between the IgA content of
      the serum and the quantity of pIgA measured. The quantity of pIgA found in 30
      normal human sera was 0.13 +/- 0.08 mg/ml (1S.D.), which consisted of 11.3 +/-
      5.3% (1 SD) of the total IgA. Patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathy were most
      often found to have predominantly monomeric IgA. Patients with IgA nephropathy
      also showed an elevation of pIgA, but this appeared to be a consequence of an
      overt IgA elevation. IgA nephropathy patients with elevated serum IgA in fact
      showed a significant elevation of monomeric IgA. Selective elevation of pIgA was
      observed in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease.
      A comparison of this assay with other assays to measure pIgA is discussed.

PMID- 6822733
TI  - Identification of human natural killer soluble cytotoxic factors (NKCF) derived
      from NK-enriched lymphocyte populations: specificity of generation and killing.
AB  - Activated natural killer (NK) cells were induced by stimulation of normal
      peripheral blood lymphocytes with a B cell line for 5 days or by interferon
      activation for 1 hr. They were enriched for large granular lymphocytes (LGL) by
      separation on Percoll density gradients. Supernatants were obtained from
      incubation mixtures of LGL and NK-sensitive target cells (MOLT-4 or K562).
      Although some lysis could be detected at 16 hr, optimal NK-sensitive target cell
      lysis by this supernatant was evident after 40 hr incubation by using a
      microcytotoxicity assay and trypan blue exclusion. Supernatants derived by co
      culture of NK targets with either NK-depleted cell populations or NK cells alone
      were not cytolytically active. Target cell requirements for both the generation
      and cytotoxic activity of NKCF were specific. That is, only the NK-sensitive
      target cells MOLT-4 and K562, and not the NK-resistant cells YAC-1, EL4, IM9, and
      Raji, could induce release of, or be lysed by, NKCF. Furthermore, the requirement
      for both Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the generation of NKCF suggests that both target cell
      binding and initiation of programming for lysis are required for its release.
      NKCF lytic potential was stable for 2 mo at -20 degrees C and partially stable at
      60 degrees C. NKCF activity could be substantially removed by prior absorption on
      the NK-sensitive target cells, K562 or MOLT-4, but not Raji or IM9 (resistant)
      cells. Therefore, it appears that the specificity of this cellfree lytic factor
      depends on its recognition of, or its being recognized by, appropriate target
      cells. The properties of NKCF will enable the study of the mechanism involved in
      the lethal hit of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6822734
TI  - The Qa-1 alloantigens. II. Evidence for the expression of two Qa-1 molecules by
      the Qa-1d genotype and for cross-reactivity between Qa-1 and H-2K.
AB  - The nature of cell surface determinants detected by Qa-1-specific alloantisera
      and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mice of the H-2f, Qa-1d genotype was
      investigated. The H-2f, Qa-1d strains A.CA and B10.M express both Qa-1a and Qa-1b
      encoded alloantigenic determinants (Qa-1.1 and Qa-1.2, respectively), as defined
      in the prototypic A (or B6-Tlaa) and C57BL/6 (or A-Tlab) strains, respectively.
      Both anti-Qa-1.1 and -Qa-1.2 sera immunoprecipitate 46K m.w. glycoproteins from H
      2f, Qa-1d strains. In addition to 46K m.w. proteins, anti-Qa-1.1 sera, but not
      anti-Qa-1.2 sera, precipitate 55 to 75K m.w. proteins; the nature of these
      proteins and their relationship to Qa-1 is unclear at present. Sequential
      immunoprecipitation experiments and the analysis of several recombinant strains
      revealed that anti-Qa-1.1 sera also cross-react with a 46K m.w. H-2f-encoded
      alloantigen, probably H-2Kf. Both Qa-1.1 and the non-Qa-1.1 cross-reacting
      determinants were detected by polyclonal anti-Qa-1a CTL on the Qa-1d strains. The
      Qa-1a encoded but not the cross-reacting determinants were detected by a cloned
      anti-Qa-1a CTL line. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments on the
      recombinant strains B6.AC2 and B10.M(17R), which are Qa-1d but not H-2Kf,
      revealed that the Qa-1.1 and Qa-1.2 determinants do not reside on the same
      molecule. Furthermore, although Qa-1b-encoded determinants were detected on these
      strains with anti-sera and with bulk CTL cultures, cloned anti-Qa-1b CTL lines
      thus far analyzed have failed to react with Qa-1d targets, indicating that some
      but not all of the prototypic Qa-1b-encoded determinants are expressed by the Qa
      1d strains.

PMID- 6822735
TI  - Presence of an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype on A/J antibodies of the IgE
      class specific for the p-azophenylarsonate group.
AB  - An intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype, CRIA, is associated with a large
      proportion of the anti-p-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies of A/J mice. The
      present experiments, in which the methods of direct and reverse passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis (RPCA) were used, indicate that IgE anti-Ar antibodies are produced
      in A/J mice upon stimulation with a protein-Ar conjugate and that a large
      proportion of these antibodies express CRIA. The use of monoclonal anti-CRIA for
      RPCA eliminated the strong nonspecific reactions previously observed. The results
      provide a basis for studying factors that regulate the switch to IgE biosynthesis
      during an immune response.

PMID- 6822737
TI  - Neutralization of influenza virus by normal human sera: mechanisms involving
      antibody and complement.
AB  - All normal human sera examined neutralized WS/33 H1N1 influenza virus efficiently
      by one of two antibody-dependent mechanisms. A minority of the sera contained
      moderate levels of IgG antibody directed against the viral hemagglutinin that had
      the ability to directly neutralize the virus. The majority of sera tested
      contained very low levels of IgG anti-hemagglutinin antibody, which was
      detectable with a specific ELISA but not by conventional HAI assays. Such IgG
      antibody was unable to directly neutralize the virus. Studies with
      agammaglobulinemic serum and with sera depleted of and reconstituted with
      complement components established essential roles for IgG and the components of
      the classical complement pathway through C3 for neutralization. The components of
      the alternative and membrane attack pathways were not needed for neutralization.
      As anticipated from the requirement for IgG and exclusive mediation of
      neutralization by the classical pathway, the virus-IgG immune complex activated
      purified C1. Binding of C3 and C4 to the virus was demonstrated, as was classical
      pathway-mediated triggering of the alternative pathway, with recruitment of
      properdin. In addition, the H1N1 influenza virus also directly activated the
      alternative complement pathway in human serum, leading to C3 and properdin
      deposition on the viral envelope. Such direct alternative pathway activation also
      required immunoglobulin. However, the alternative pathway alone was unable to
      neutralize the virus. Thus, most normal sera examined contain low levels of IgG
      anti-hemagglutinin antibody, which activate the classical pathway of the
      complement system and neutralize WS/33 influenza virus by deposition of C3 and C4
      on the viral envelope.

PMID- 6822739
TI  - Fibroblast stimulation in schistosomiasis. IV. Isolated egg granulomas elaborate
      a fibroblast chemoattractant in vitro.
AB  - Hepatic fibrosis complicates the chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction to
      Schistosoma mansoni eggs, and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in
      human schistosomiasis. We previously presented evidence that schistosomal egg
      granulomas secreted factors that can stimulate fibroblast proliferation and
      collagen synthesis in vitro. We now report that serum-free supernatants from
      cultures of hepatic egg granulomas isolated from S. mansoni-infected mice
      contained activity that stimulated the directional migration of human and guinea
      pig dermal fibroblasts in modified Boyden chambers. This fibroblast chemotactic
      activity was also detected in culture supernatants of granuloma adherent cells
      highly enriched for macrophages (95% latex-ingesting) but not in culture
      supernatants from resident peritoneal macrophages of uninfected or infected mice.
      This suggests that granuloma macrophages are a source of the chemotactic
      activity. The chemoattractant had the properties of large molecular weight
      (greater than 200,000 daltons; Sephadex G-200 gel filtration), pl approximately
      4.5 (preparative flatbed isoelectrofocusing in granular matrix), heat stability
      (56 degrees C; 45 min), and trypsin sensitivity. Since preincubation of the
      partially purified granuloma and adherent-cell derived chemoattractants with
      rabbit anti-human fibronectin antibody abolished their chemotactic activity, it
      appears that the factor is antigenically similar to fibronectin. We propose that
      egg granuloma macrophages are activated in vivo to secrete a fibronectin-like
      molecule with activity that stimulates the directional migration of fibroblasts.
      This factor may therefore play a role in the local recruitment of fibroblasts
      and, in concert with other granuloma-derived factors, may play an important role
      in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6822736
TI  - The equilibrium constant for the interaction between a monoclonal Fab fragment
      and an influenza virus neuraminidase.
AB  - The affinity or equilibrium constant between an Fab fragment derived from
      monoclonal IgG directed against influenza virus neuraminidase was measured as 4.1
      X 10(7) M-1. The method, which makes use of an air-driven ultracentrifuge, is
      simple and uses extremely small amounts (10(-11) mol) of material. Furthermore,
      interpretation of the data is based on sound theoretical considerations. The
      technique also allows m.w. of the interacting species to be measured and the
      stoichiometry of the reaction to be determined.

PMID- 6822738
TI  - Activation of the classical pathway of human complement by a human monoclonal
      IgE, IgE(DES).
AB  - Activation of the classical pathway of human complement by monoclonal IgE from
      patient DES was demonstrated by using IgE(DES) coupled to latex particles. This
      material depleted human serum of C1 and C4 hemolytic activities. In addition,
      C3bi was deposited in a calcium-dependent way onto the insolubilized IgE as shown
      by the agglutination of latex by conglutinin. The alternative pathway was also
      activated. These anticomplementary activities were dose and time dependent.
      Moreover, we confirmed that another monoclonal IgE, IgE(PS), activated the
      alternative pathway exclusively. Particular attention was paid to exclude
      contamination by other immunoglobulins or C-reactive protein, generation of
      artifacts due to the chemical coupling, and the presence of proteolytic enzymes
      in the IgE(DES) preparation. Moreover, evidence is also presented against the
      involvement of IgG or IgM anti-IgE autoantibodies that could activate the
      classical pathway after their binding to insolubilized IgE(DES). Although one
      cannot exclude the possibility that IgE(DES) or IgE(PS) are abnormal proteins,
      these findings suggest the existence of an isotypic or allotypic variation of
      IgE.

PMID- 6822740
TI  - Immunoregulation in experimental filariasis. I. In vitro suppression of mitogen
      induced blastogenesis by adherent cells from Jirds chronically infected with
      Brugia pahangi.
AB  - Nonspecific immunoregulatory events were examined in inbred jirds chronically
      infected with Brugia pahangi. The responsiveness of spleen cells from infected
      animals to the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A and to the B cell mitogens, LPS and
      PWM, was found to be suppressed by as much as 90% when compared with the
      reactivity of lymphocytes from normal animals. Furthermore, spleen cells from
      infected jirds were capable of suppressing the mitogen reactivity of normal
      spleen cells. Depletion of cells adherent to nylon wool, glass wool, or plastic
      alleviated the regulatory activity exerted by spleen cells from infected jirds.
      Addition of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, to cultures
      of spleen cells from infected animals did not alter the suppression observed. In
      contrast, lymphocytes from the peripheral lymph nodes of infected jirds did not
      exhibit depressed T cell mitogen reactivity and were incapable of suppressing the
      PHA or Con A responsiveness of normal lymph node cells. However, the reactivity
      of lymph node cells from infected jirds to B cell mitogens, LPS and PWM, was
      suppressed. These results imply the existence of multiple regulatory mechanisms,
      at least one of which is restricted to the spleen. The relevance of nonspecific
      regulation to development of parasite-specific immunologic reactivity and to the
      infection is discussed.

PMID- 6822741
TI  - Studies of a high molecular weight human melanoma-associated antigen.
AB  - Hybridomas were generated by fusing SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells
      from mice that had been immunized with cultured human melanoma cells. One of the
      hybridomas secreted a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, 48.7, which binds to a cell
      surface antigen of cells from human melanomas and compound nevi. The presence of
      the target antigen in vivo was demonstrated immunohistologically by staining
      frozen sections of primary and metastatic melanoma by the peroxidase anti
      peroxidase technique. Weak staining of some blood vessel cells was also seen, but
      other normal cells, including skin melanocytes, were unstained, as were cells
      from other tumor types. Antibody 48.7 immunoprecipitated polypeptides with
      apparent m.w. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      250,000 and greater than 400,000.

PMID- 6822743
TI  - Immunologic unresponsiveness induced by topical application of hapten to PUVA
      treated skin in guinea pigs.
AB  - Pretreatment by topical application of 8-methoxypsoralen and subsequent exposure
      to long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA) on the induction site of contact
      sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) significantly diminished the
      challenge reactions in guinea pigs. A single treatment with PUVA in a small area
      was enough to exhibit such an effect. Furthermore, the animals that had been
      first exposed to DNCB through PUVA-treated skin failed to become sensitized to
      the subsequent sensitization regimen of the same hapten even through previously
      untreated skin. The unresponsiveness in these animals was hapten-specific, since
      their capacity to become sensitized to an unrelated hapten, oxasolon, was not
      impaired. The intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200
      mg/kg shortly before contact sensitization reversed the unresponsiveness in
      tolerant animals. These findings suggest that tolerance in these animals is a
      specific immunologic unresponsiveness mediated by suppressor cells.

PMID- 6822744
TI  - Antizyme release is an early event in ornithine decarboxylase induction by hair
      plucking.
AB  - Plucking of hair from the dorsal skin of rats resulted in a rapid decrease in
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. A significant loss of activity did not
      occur in other skin enzymes under the same conditions and in vivo incorporation
      of [3H]-leucine in skin was not significantly decreased 60 min immediately
      following hair plucking. Treatment of ODC enzyme preparations with 10% (NH4)2SO4
      resulted in recovery of approximately 75% greater ODC activity than in untreated
      samples, suggesting the presence of an inhibitor (antizyme). ODC inhibitor was
      detected in plucked skin; inhibitor levels increased after treatment of plucked
      skin extracts with 10% (NH4)2SO4.

PMID- 6822742
TI  - Increased procollagen mRNA levels in scleroderma skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Procollagen messenger RNA activity in scleroderma and normal skin fibroblasts was
      measured using a cell-free translation assay. Radioactive translation products
      were fractionated by electrophoresis and the ratio of procollagen to total
      incorporation was determined from densitometric scans of gel fluorograms. In 4
      scleroderma cell lines 1.78% (+/- 0.10) of incorporated [35S]-methionine was in
      procollagen, compared to 1.00% (+/- 0.20) in 5 normal controls. These values are
      consistent with previously reported increases in the rates of collagen synthesis
      obtained with intact cells and show that most if not all of the increase can be
      explained on the basis of elevated translatable procollagen messenger RNA in
      scleroderma fibroblasts.

PMID- 6822745
TI  - Plasmids of human strains of Yersinia enterocolitica: molecular relatedness and
      possible importance for pathogenesis.
AB  - One-hundred fifteen strain of Yersinia enterocolitica were examined for plasmids
      and plasmid-mediated pathogenic properties. Human strains of serotypes O:3 and
      O:9 harbored plasmids of 46 and 44 megadaltons, respectively, with 90% homology
      of DNA sequences. The plasmid-mediated properties were calcium dependence,
      survival in human serum, conjunctivitis provocation in guinea pigs, and O
      agglutinogens. One strains of serotype O:8 harbored a 42-megadalton plasmid with
      75% sequence homology with plasmids of serotypes O:3 and O:9. An additional
      plasmid-mediated property was lethality for white mice. Filter hybridization of
      restriction endonuclease-digested plasmid DNA indicated that a 5.6-megadalton
      fragment of the plasmid of serotype O:8 had virtually no sequence homology with
      plasmid DNA of serotypes O:3 and O:9 and therefore may be associated with the
      lethal factor for mice.

PMID- 6822746
TI  - Amphotericin B tolerance: a characteristic of Candida parapsilosis not shared by
      other Candida species.
AB  - Thirty yeast isolates from clinical specimens were tested for their
      susceptibility to amphotericin B at 30 C, 37 C, and 39 C. Of the six Candida
      albicans, five Candida tropicalis, one Candida guilliermondii, one Candida
      krusei, one Candida pseudotropicalis, two Torulopsis glabrata, and four
      Cryptococcus neoformans isolates tested, all were inhibited at amphotericin B
      concentrations of less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms/ml and killed by
      concentrations of amphotericin B that were less than or equal to 16-fold higher
      than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Although growth of Candida
      parapsilosis was also inhibited by concentrations of amphotericin B of less than
      or equal to 0.4 micrograms/ml, minimal fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin
      B were greater than or equal to 32-fold higher than MICs for each of the 10
      isolates examined. This unique susceptibility pattern of C. parapsilosis
      resembles the antibiotic tolerance observed with Staphylococcus aureus.
      Variations in temperature within the experimental range did not affect the
      amphotericin B susceptibility for any of the yeasts examined.

PMID- 6822747
TI  - Individuals infected with two subtypes of influenza A virus in the same season.
AB  - Participants in the Houston Family Study were observed during a period of two
      mixed outbreaks due to two subtypes of influenza A virus: H3N2 and H1N1 (1977
      1981). Virus specimens, serum samples, and clinical records were obtained to
      identify and characterize infections. In 1977-1978, 40% of 238 persons in 59
      families were infected by influenza A virus (H3N2), 11% by influenza A virus
      (H1N1), and 4% by both. In 1980-1981, for 319 persons in 79 families, the
      corresponding rates were 27%, 20%, and 5%. Interference between subtypes was not
      detected. Both subtypes were isolated from six children (range of intervals
      between isolations, six to 55 days), and five of the six were ill with both
      infections. Nineteen persons had two infections with one or both detected
      serologically; illnesses were associated with 77% of isolates and up to 56% of
      seroconversions in these persons. Infection of the same individual with two
      subtypes in the same season is a newly observed phenomenon that may affect the
      future epidemiology of influenza A virus as well as preventive measures.

PMID- 6822748
TI  - Influence of temperature and relative humidity on human rotavirus infection in
      Japan.
AB  - A climatologic analysis of human rotavirus infection in inpatients with acute
      diarrhea was conducted over a seven-year period. The infection frequency appeared
      to be related to temperature, but not to relative humidity. Human rotavirus
      infection was found to appear abruptly when the mean temperature of any 10-day
      period became less than 5 C (November or December), reached a peak when it was
      less than 0 C (January and February), and waned when it became greater than 20 C
      (June and July) in the city of Yamagata in northern Japan.

PMID- 6822749
TI  - Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs exposed to aerosols of concentrated potable
      water from a hospital with nosocomial Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - An investigation of an outbreak of nosocomial legionella pneumonia revealed that
      the potable water of the hospital was contaminated with a distinctive strain of
      Legionella pneumophila (designated the Le-1 strain), which was by culture and
      serology linked with human illness. To examine the possible role of this water in
      this outbreak, eight healthy guinea pigs were exposed to an aerosol of
      concentrated potable water. Seven animals developed pneumonia due to the Le-1
      strain of L. pneumophila. In one of these guinea pigs, the Le-1 strain was also
      isolated from the blood and spleen. These results provide support to the theory
      that exposure of humans to aerosols of potable water contaminated with L.
      pneumophila may cause legionella pneumonia.

PMID- 6822750
TI  - Comparison of the effects of continuous and intermittent systemic administration
      on the penetration of gentamicin into infected rabbit eyes.
AB  - The effect of the mode of administration on the intraocular penetration of
      gentamicin in rabbits with bacterial endophthalmitis was examined. Animals were
      treated over a period of 12 hr either by intramuscular injection every 3 hr or by
      continuous intravenous infusion; both groups received the same total dose of
      drug. The mean peak and trough levels in serum with intramuscular injection were
      11.4 and 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean serum levels during continuous
      infusion were approximately 7 micrograms/ml. The area under the time
      concentration curve for serum was approximately the same in both groups. Mean
      vitreous humor levels at the end of therapy were 2.8 micrograms/ml in the animals
      treated by repeated intramuscular injection and 2.6 micrograms/ml in those
      treated by continuous infusion (P greater than 0.2). In this model, the
      intraocular penetration of gentamicin was not influenced by the mode of systemic
      administration.

PMID- 6822752
TI  - Inhibition of monocyte-mediated damage to fungal hyphae by steroid hormones.
AB  - Human monocytes can damage hyphal forms of C. albicans [1], R. oryzae [2], and A.
      fumigatus [3]. Because corticosteroids can inhibit phagocytosis and killing of
      bacteria by monocytes, the effects of steroid hormones on interactions of
      monocytes with hyphae were studied. Monocyte-mediated hyphal damage was inhibited
      by 10 microM hydrocortisone; inhibitory effects of lower concentrations of
      hydrocortisone were less marked with Rhizopus than with Candida or Aspergillus
      hyphae. Addition of 10% normal human serum to hyphae and monocytes did not affect
      the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone (data not shown). Comparable inhibitory
      effects were obtained using 0.3-1.0 microM dexamethasone (data not shown).
      Estrogen and progesterone also inhibited damage to Candida or Rhizopus. However,
      inhibition occurred at concentrations which are readily achievable in vivo by
      pharmacologic doses of hydrocortisone, but not by other steroid hormones. Thus,
      pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids might produce serum hormone concentrations
      which could interfere with activity of host monocytes against the tissue-invasive
      forms of C. albicans and A. fumigatus in vivo. However, higher pharmacologic
      doses of these hormones may be required to inhibit leukocyte-mediated damage to
      Rhizopus hyphae. In contrast, predisposition of women to superficial candidal
      infections cannot be explained solely by direct effects of estrogens or
      progesterone on leukocyte-mediated hyphal damage.

PMID- 6822751
TI  - Antibody response to peptidoglycan during staphylococcal infections.
AB  - Levels of antibodies to peptidoglycan were measured by solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay in 76 patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections and 44
      patients with infections caused by other bacteria. Levels of IgM antibodies to
      peptidoglycan were elevated in 24% of the patients with endocarditis or
      complicated bacteremia caused by S. aureus, 21% of those with serious infections
      caused by other gram-positive cocci, none of those with less serious infections
      caused by S. aureus or gram-negative bacilli, and 5% of the normal controls.
      Levels of IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan were elevated in 50% of the patients
      with endocarditis or complicated bacteremia caused by S. aureus, 3% of those with
      less severe infections caused by S. aureus, 17% of those with infections caused
      by other gram-positive cocci, 20% of those infections caused by gram-negative
      bacilli, and 5% of the normal controls.

PMID- 6822753
TI  - Correlation of urinary lactic dehydrogenase with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in
      urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries.
AB  - A number of indirect methods have been developed to determine the site of urinary
      tract infection, including the measurement of LDH in urine [1]. Although LDH has
      been thought to be from the kidneys, it has also been noted that leukocytes could
      contribute LDH isoenzymes 4 and 5 [2]. Seventeen patients with injured spinal
      cords and significant bacteriuria were included in this study. Urine specimens
      obtained by urethral catheter were cultured, and PMNLs identified with
      Sternheimer-Malbin stain were counted in a hemacytometer. A positive test for
      antibody-coated bacteria and the lack of patient response to five to 10 days of
      antibiotic therapy were used as an indication of upper urinary tract infection.
      Levels of LDH isoenzymes 4 and 5 (cathodal) correlated with the number of PMNLs
      in the urine (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01). There was no correlation of PMNLs with
      LDH isoenzymes 1 and 2 (r = 0.18). In addition, there was no correlation of LDH
      isoenzymes 4 and 5 with the level of urinary tract infection. These results
      suggest that the PMNLs in the urine are the source of the LDH isoenzymes 4 and 5.

PMID- 6822755
TI  - Diagnostic value of the cryptococcal antigen test.

PMID- 6822754
TI  - Resistance of wild birds to infection by Chlamydia psittaci of mammalian origin.
AB  - Numerous species of birds are natural hosts of C. psittaci and have been
      implicated as sources of certain strains that cause disease in other vertebrate
      species, notably those producing psittacosis or ornithosis in humans [1].
      Although direct evidence of their involvement in the transmission of chlamydiae
      to other mammals, especially domesticated ruminants, has not been reported, a
      careful examination of this possibility is justified [1]. When inoculated
      parenterally, polyarthritis-producing chlamydiae of ovine origin affected leg
      joints of turkeys, and abortion-producing chlamydiae of ovine origin was
      infectious for pigeons and fatal for sparrows [2]. However, several species of
      small wild birds (three of which were used in the experiments reported here),
      when inoculated perorally with C. psittaci of turkey origin, seroconverted (36%)
      and shed the organism (79%) [3]. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to
      determine whether strains of C. psittaci from domesticated ruminants would
      infect, multiply in, or be shed by these wild birds. The results indicate that
      these species of birds are not natural hosts or biologic vectors of these
      strains. However, considering the heterogeneity of Chlamydia species, certain
      birds may harbor strains that are associated with naturally occurring infections
      in some animals. The results also are additional evidence of the more restricted
      host range of mammalian Chlamydia species as compared to that of avian isolates.

PMID- 6822757
TI  - Changes in the properties of platelets from rats with experimentally induced
      shortened platelet survival.
AB  - Platelet survival is shortened in experimental animals in which indwelling aortic
      catheters have been placed. We have examined the properties of platelets
      harvested from rats on day 1 or day 6 after insertion of indwelling aortic
      catheters. Platelets taken from these animals at 6 days (but not at 1 day)
      survived in normal rats or in rats with indwelling catheters for a significantly
      longer time than platelets from sham-operated rats. The catheters caused a
      persistent fall in the platelet count, an increase in the proportion of platelets
      in the most dense fraction after separation on discontinuous Stractan density
      gradients, and a decrease in mean sialic acid and protein per 10(9) platelets,
      but not change in modal size as determined with a Coulter Counter Channelyzer. No
      significant differences in the sensitivity to aggregating and release-inducing
      agents (ADP, thrombin, or collagen) were observed. It seems likely that chronic
      damage of the vessel wall shortened platelet survival and increased platelet
      turnover, although the increase in platelet production was not sufficient to
      maintain the platelet counts at the same values as in the sham-operated animals.
      The prolonged survival times in recipient rats of platelets from rats with
      indwelling aortic catheters indicate that a population of predominantly young
      platelets exists in these animals. Their increased density supports this
      conclusion.

PMID- 6822756
TI  - Detection of serum antibodies in coccidioidomycosis by solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to measure antibody in coccidioidomycosis
      with improved quantitation. Sera from 41 patients with active coccidioidomycosis
      had a mean +/- SD value of 0.6 +/- 0.49 mg/ml. Twelve healthy controls and 23
      patients with noncoccidioidal diseases had a mean level of 0.06 +/- 0.12.
      Complement fixation (CF) and RIA titers were also compared with the clinical
      course in 19 patients with active coccidioidomycosis (seven had pulmonary
      disease; 12 had disseminated disease). The RIA was most useful in pulmonary
      cases. Pulmonary patients who experienced an improvement in symptoms more often
      experienced a drop in RIA titer (all of four patients) than CF titer (two of
      four). Similarly, pulmonary patients who demonstrated radiographic improvements
      experienced a drop in RIA titer (four of five) more often than a drop in CF titer
      (three of five). In patients with disseminated disease, there was agreement
      between the two assays and the clinical symptom score.

PMID- 6822758
TI  - The morphology of the renal microvasculature in glycerol- and gentamicin-induced
      acute renal failure.
AB  - To elucidate abnormalities in the renal microvasculature that could account for
      the functional disturbances occurring in two well-established models of acute
      renal failure, we gave rats a single intramuscular injection of glycerol (50%, 10
      ml/kg) or daily subcutaneous doses of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day). Afferent
      arteriolar diameters were determined by measuring methacrylate vascular casts
      with SEM. The filtration barrier was examined by both SEM and TEM. The EF area
      was quantitated. By 3 hr, the glycerol treatment markedly decreased PADs and DADs
      (PAD 19.1 to 12.0 micrometers, DAD 13.8 to 7.4 micrometers, p less than 0.05).
      The changes were similar for both inner and outer cortical regions. By 3 days the
      vasoconstriction was alleviated; however, renal failure persisted. At that time,
      however, EF area was decreased to 43% of normal. After 10 days of gentamicin
      treatment, only minimal vasoconstriction occurred in the outer cortex; however,
      EF area was decreased to a similar degree as observed with the 3-day glycerol
      treated animals. There are two phases to glycerol-induced acute renal failure.
      The first phase (described as readily reversible) is characterized by intense
      vasoconstriction. The second phase, which is not immediately reversible, is
      associated with a decreased EF area. Smaller outer cortical afferent arterioles
      and a decreased fenestral diameter and density of the glomerular endothelium are
      seen only after gentamicin-induced renal failure is well established (after 10
      days of treatment).

PMID- 6822759
TI  - Determination of hydroxyl radical production in aqueous solutions irradiated to
      clinically significant doses.
AB  - Decarboxylation of 14C-carboxylbenzoic acid in aqueous solutions after low-dose
      irradiation has been used to determine the relative magnitude of oxidation
      reactions and estimate the hydroxyl radicals produced. The G CO2 values
      determined from these measurements of 0.4 to 1.0 mM solutions of benzoic acid
      after x-ray doses of 1000 rads ranged from 0.72 to 0.77, in excellent agreement
      with values reported by authors using much higher doses of radiation. Superoxide
      dismutase and catalase, known scavengers of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide,
      respectively, did not show impairment of the oxidation of benzoic acid. On the
      other hand, biologically significant concentrations of phenol and mannitol appear
      to impair the radiation-induced oxidation of benzoic acid, indicating that the
      process is secondary to a reaction with OH . . We found that serum and glucose,
      common cell media contents, are potent OH . scavengers. These observations
      indicate that the oxidation of benzoic acid can be as a reliable method to
      estimate OH . with radiation doses of clinically significant magnitudes. In
      addition, these results suggest that the radiation induced by OH . in cell
      systems can be significantly modified by the type of buffer used.

PMID- 6822760
TI  - Platelet size as a determinant of platelet function.
AB  - The relationship between MPV and platelet function was studied in human platelet
      subpopulations separated on the basis of size and counterflow centrifugation. The
      original platelet population and five size-dependent platelet fractions were
      suspended in buffer or autologous PPP at a platelet count of 2 x 10(8)/ml.
      Collagen (10 micrograms/ml)-induced aggregation showed a significant negative
      correlation between MPV and onset of aggregation and positive correlations
      between the MPV and the rate of extent of aggregation. Thrombin stimulation (1
      U/ml) demonstrated similar relationships between MPV and the rate of extent of
      aggregation. In contrast, ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination occurred at a
      similar rate and extent in all fractions. To quantitate further the differential
      response of the platelets, we measured the content and release of ATP and beta
      TG. There was a significant correlation between MPV and both ATP and beta-TG
      content, and a progressive increase in the absolute release of ATP and beta-TG
      was associated with the increase in MPV through the fractions after stimulation.
      However, the percent release of total ATP and beta-TG was similar in all
      fractions. Our data indicate that the intrinsic function of platelets of
      different sizes is similar but that the absolute ability of platelets to affect
      their environment, as measured by aggregation and total release of granular
      content, correlates with their size.

PMID- 6822761
TI  - Immunoassays of human prothrombin species which correlate with functional
      coagulant activities.
AB  - Specific immunoassays have been developed for forms of human prothrombin that
      vary in their degree of carboxylation. Human abnormal (des-gamma-carboxyl)
      prothrombin was isolated in 18% yield from the plasma of a patient treated with
      warfarin. The purified protein migrated as a single band in electrophoresis and
      contained an average of three gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues per molecule. A
      specific antibody subpopulation was isolated from rabbit anti-abnormal
      prothrombin antiserum by using affinity chromatography. These antibodies, which
      bound to abnormal prothrombin but which cross-reacted minimally with prothrombin,
      were used to establish an immunoassay specific for abnormal prothrombin. In
      parallel, a specific antibody subpopulation, anti-prothrombin: Ca(II), was
      isolated from rabbit anti-prothrombin antiserum by conformation perturbation
      affinity chromatography. This antibody, which bound prothrombin but minimally
      cross-reacted with abnormal prothrombin, was used to establish a specific
      immunoassay for native prothrombin. An anti-prethrombin 1 subpopulation bound
      abnormal prothrombin and prothrombin equivalently and was used for an immunoassay
      that measured total prothrombin. These assays permit the quantitation of abnormal
      prothrombin and prothrombin in plasma and serum. The level of native prothrombin
      antigen correlates precisely with the functional prothrombin activity. These
      assays provide an example of the use of specific antibodies against functionally
      important antigenic surfaces to monitor properties of coagulation proteins with
      the precision and reliability of immunoassy.

PMID- 6822763
TI  - Effects of metabolic alkalosis on calcium excretion in the conscious dog.
AB  - The tubular reabsorption of calcium has been studied in chronic metabolic
      alkalosis and acidosis. Clearance studies were performed in five conscious
      mongrel dogs during control periods and during alkalosis and acidosis both before
      and after thyroparathyroidectomy. After thyroparathyroidectomy, normocalcemia was
      maintained with oral dihydrotachysterol, and thyroxine was replaced. An initial
      control study was followed by the induction of chronic metabolic alkalosis by
      repeated gastric drainage for 4 days through a previously implanted gastric
      fistula. A second control study 1 week after alkalosis was followed by the
      induction of acidosis by feeding ammonium chloride, 10 gm daily for 3 days. A
      final control study was performed 1 week later. Serum proteins, GFR, and filtered
      calcium load were not significantly different in control, alkalosis, or acidosis.
      Alkalosis, in both intact and TPTX dogs, was associated with no change in TRNa in
      comparison with controls (94.6% vs. 95.4 in intact, p greater than 0.05; 95.0%
      vs. 96.3% in TPTX, p greater than 0.05). By contrast, TRCa increased
      significantly (97.2% vs. 95.5, p less than 0.05 in intact; 98.0% vs. 95.0, p less
      than 0.05 in TPTX). In acidosis, TRNa in both intact and TPTX dogs was unchanged
      in comparison with control (96.4%, p greater than 0.05 and 96.6%, p greater than
      0.05, respectively), and TRCa was significantly decreased (to 91.9%, p less than
      0.01 and 83.3%, p less than 0.001, respectively). These data indicate that
      chronic metabolic alkalosis increases the TRCa independently of changes in TRNa,
      filtered calcium load, or parathyroid activity.

PMID- 6822762
TI  - De novo cholesterogenesis in pregnancy.
AB  - Hypercholesterolemia occurs during pregnancy in rats and human beings, beginning
      in the second trimester and increasing progressively throughout the remainder of
      pregnancy. The present study quantified de novo cholesterol synthesis in vivo and
      in vitro in pregnant animals using 3H2O as the substrate for measuring
      cholesterogenesis. In the third trimester, cholesterol synthesis by pregnant rat
      gut and carcass (all tissues not specifically studied) was not significantly
      different from that observed in controls. However, hepatic cholesterol synthesis
      was markedly stimulated in third trimester pregnant rats. Additionally,
      cholesterol synthesis in the placenta and fetus occurred at a very substantial
      rate. The magnitude of placental cholesterol synthesis was similar to that
      observed in the liver of control animals whereas fetal cholesterogenesis was
      considerably greater. Cholesterol feeding greatly suppressed hepatic cholesterol
      synthesis in both control and pregnant animals, so that the difference between
      control and pregnant animals was obliterated. Cholesterol feeding did not
      significantly affect the accumulation of newly synthesized cholesterol in either
      the placenta or fetus. In the Saguines fusciollis monkey, pregnancy similarly
      stimulated hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and the fetus and placenta were
      important sites of in vivo de novo cholesterogenesis.

PMID- 6822764
TI  - The inverse relation between platelet volume and platelet number. Abnormalities
      in hematologic disease and evidence that platelet size does not correlate with
      platelet age.
AB  - We determined the platelet count and MPV in 100 normal subjects, in 147 subjects
      with thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis due to other than primary hematologic
      disorders, and in smaller groups with immune or septic thrombocytopenia or iron
      deficiency. In these groups, the inverse, nonlinear relation between MPV and
      platelet count was the same as in a previous study of normal subjects. The same
      relation between platelet volume and count was found in individual patients as
      platelet counts rose during recovery from immune or septic thrombocytopenia. The
      concomitant progressive fall in MPV during recovery from thrombocytopenia, at
      which times rapidly rising platelets counts were necessarily associated with a
      population of young platelets, suggests that magnitude of stimulation of
      thrombopoiesis, not platelet age, is the major determinant of platelet volume. In
      contrast, as compared to normal persons with similar platelet counts, MPV was
      increased in subjects with heterozygous thalassemia but decreased in patients
      receiving chemotherapy for malignancy or renal transplantation. The undefined
      mechanism of regulation of platelet formation from megakaryocytes, reflected by
      the inverse relation of platelet size and count, thus seems altered in these
      disorders. Platelet volume is an easily obtained variable that appears to be
      useful in the evaluation of abnormal platelet production.

PMID- 6822766
TI  - Bile salt-associated electrolyte secretion and the effect of sodium taurocholate
      on bile flow.
AB  - Sodium taurocholate has a remarkably varied effect on bile flow. Preisig et al.
      showed that a portion of electrolyte secretion is related to bile salt secretion,
      and other studies have suggested that this fraction of electrolyte secretion is
      important in bile salt--dependent flow. In the present study in the baboon and
      the dog, it was found that the magnitude of bile salt-associated electrolyte
      secretion was closely correlated to the effect of sodium taurocholate on bile
      flow. Theophylline, an agent widely used to alter cellular electrolyte transport,
      simultaneously reduced the fraction of biliary electrolyte secretion related to
      bile salts and the effect of the bile salt on flow. The study suggests an
      important role for electrolyte secretion in the modulation of the effect of bile
      salts on bile flow.

PMID- 6822768
TI  - Myringoplasty: hearing gain in relation to perforation site.
AB  - One hundred perforations of the tympanic membrane with successful myringoplasties
      have been reviewed. A partially reversible impairment of bone conduction was
      noted, being more obvious in posterior and subtotal perforations. It was also
      shown that the site of perforation affects the degree of hearing loss and the
      degree of subsequent improvement after myringoplasty; marginal and malleolar
      perforations had a greater hearing loss and less post-operative hearing
      improvement than central and non-malleolar perforations. It was also shown that
      posterior perforations had a greater hearing loss than anterior perforations.

PMID- 6822765
TI  - Direct effect of metolazone on sodium-dependent transport across the renal brush
      border membrane.
AB  - Studies with clearance and micropuncture techniques indicate that metolazone
      inhibits transport of sodium and phosphate in the proximal tubule. The present
      study is focused on transport across the luminal BBM of the proximal tubule to
      determine whether metolazone has any direct effect on this initial step in
      transtubular reabsorption. Addition of metolazone (0.01 to 1.00 mM) to isolated
      renal BBM vesicles caused dose-dependent inhibition (30% to 70%) of the initial
      uphill phase of Na+ gradient-dependent phosphate transport but did not inhibit
      the uptake at equilibrium. There were no significant changes in Na+-independent
      phosphate transport and phosphate transport under nongradient conditions when
      metolazone was present at 1.0 mM. The initial Na+ gradient-dependent BBM
      transport of both D-glucose and L-proline was markedly inhibited by 1.0 mM
      metolazone, indicating the nonspecific inhibitory action of the drug. Metolazone
      also inhibited efflux of D-glucose and L-proline from vesicles. Neither
      acetazolamide nor chlorothiazide at 0.1 to 1.0 mM inhibited BBM transport of
      phosphate, D-glucose, or L-proline. Metolazone did not change significantly BBM
      transport of Na+, suggesting that inhibition of Na+-dependent transport was not
      due to major changes in Na+ flux. These in vitro data indicate that metolazone
      inhibition of phosphate reabsorption in vivo may be due, in part, to a direct
      effect of metolazone on transport across the BBM of the proximal tubule.

PMID- 6822767
TI  - Pathology as it relates to ear surgery II. Labyrinthectomy.
AB  - Five human temporal bones and three surgical VIIIth nerve biopsies from patients
      who had previously undergone labyrinthectomy, five months to ten years before
      examination, were studied by light and electron microscopy. Post-labyrinthectomy
      dizziness could be explained on the bases of inadequate surgical removal of the
      vestibular sense-organs, neuroma formation in the vestibule, and high
      regenerative potential of the vestibular nerve. Post-labyrinthectomy pressure
      sensation and tinnitus are most probably due to cochlear endolymphatic hydrops
      and need cochlear neurectomy. The severe atrophy in the sensorineural structures
      of the cochlea was not associated with retrograde degeneration of the cochlear
      nerve central axons. This may be of significance in the artificial electrical
      stimulation of the cochlear nerve in deaf patients.

PMID- 6822769
TI  - Hearing levels of school children in Dammam.
AB  - Eight hundred children were examined clinically and audiometrically at four
      frequencies in order to evaluate the incidence of hearing loss in school children
      of Dammam City (Saudi Arabia) and to analyse the aetiological factors and
      geographical distribution of these hearing-impaired children. This study revealed
      that 57 (7.12 per cent) children had hearing defects, of whom 53 (92.98 per cent)
      had conductive, two (3.5 per cent) mixed and two (3.5 per cent) sensorineural
      deafness. The children had originated from various regions of Saudi Arabia, and
      the study was able to show a similar distribution of hearing defects throughout
      the country. Otitis media was found to be the major cause of impaired hearing.

PMID- 6822770
TI  - The fate of silastic in the management of saddle deformity in the nose.

PMID- 6822772
TI  - The complement fixation test in rhinoscleroma.

PMID- 6822774
TI  - Intratemporal facial nerve neuroma: a discussion of five cases.

PMID- 6822771
TI  - The nasal passage following rhinoplastic surgery.
AB  - A follow-up examination has been carried out of 238 patients suffering from nasal
      obstruction and mouth-breathing. Only 75 per cent of the patients achieved normal
      nasal passages. The results were significantly poorer in patients suffering from
      allergic or vasomotor rhinitis, in cases of long-standing mouth-breathing, and in
      those cases in which the patient had been subjected to earlier rhinoplastic
      surgery. Our investigation has indicated that a re-evaluation of the indications
      for surgery in the above-mentioned cases is necessary, and that a more cautious
      attitude should be taken regarding the possibility of achieving a normal nasal
      passage following rhinoplastic surgery.

PMID- 6822773
TI  - Distribution of lymecycline in interstitial fluid and paranasal sinus mucosa. An
      experimental and clinical study.
AB  - A comparison between different methods of determining the levels of lymecycline
      in tissue is presented. The drug levels have been compared with those registered,
      during the steady state condition, in interstitial fluid obtained from
      subcutaneously implated tissue cages in rabbits. The 'tissue piece diffusion
      method' developed is reproducible; it allows antibiotic levels to be determined
      in minute pieces of tissues, and it seems to measure the total diffusable drug in
      the interstitial fluid phase. This method was employed in the analyses of
      lymecycline concentrations in the maxillary sinus mucosa in 12 patients, and it
      demonstrated a good penetration into the tissue. The level reached was well above
      the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of most bacteria causing maxillary
      sinusitis.

PMID- 6822775
TI  - Chondroma of the skull base. A case report.

PMID- 6822776
TI  - Pseudosarcoma of the pharynx and larynx.

PMID- 6822777
TI  - Preparation and steroidogenic properties of purified zona fasciculata and zona
      reticularis cells from the guinea-pig adrenal gland.
AB  - Mixtures of zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR) cells, obtained by
      enzyme dispersion of decapsulated guinea-pig adrenal glands, were separated
      either by unit gravity sedimentation or by equilibrium density sedimentation.
      There was no evidence of deleterious effects on ultrastructural integrity or the
      ability of cells to respond to (1-24)ACTH (Synacthen) after either separation
      technique. Unit gravity sedimentation gave one fraction in which 90% of the cells
      were from the ZR and another fraction in which 70% of the cells were from the ZF.
      Equilibrium density sedimentation of cell mixtures on Percoll gradients gave
      fractions containing either 90% pure ZR or 95% pure ZF cells. Cortisol, 11
      deoxycortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, 11 beta
      hydroxyandrostenedione and androstenedione were all formed from [14C]pregnenolone
      on incubation with purified preparations of both types of cell. No product was
      seen to be unique to either cell type although ZR cells appeared deficient in 11
      beta-hydroxylase activity relative to ZF cells. The ratio of androstenedione to
      cortisol (formed either from labelled pregnenolone or from endogenous precursors)
      was higher for ZR cells than for ZF cells. When the purer cells obtained by
      equilibrium density sedimentation were studied, it was found that (1-24)ACTH
      stimulated greater steroid production (both androstenedione and cortisol) by the
      ZF cells compared with the ZR cells.

PMID- 6822778
TI  - Growth of the endometrium and cotyledons during pregnancy in the ewe: rates of
      protein secretion and synthesis and nuclear and cytosol steroid hormone receptor
      levels.
AB  - The time-course of cell hypertrophy and changes in in-vitro rates of secretion
      and synthesis of protein in intercaruncular and caruncular endometrium and
      maternal and fetal cotyledonary placenta have been examined during days 0-112 of
      pregnancy in the ewe. The concentrations of high-affinity receptors for
      oestradiol and progesterone in nuclear and cytosol fractions from these tissues
      were also determined. Protein secretion by intercaruncular endometrium increased
      25-fold between days 0 and 84. On day 84 10(-5) M-colchicine blocked 75% of total
      secretion. Protein secretion did not increase in the other tissues. Protein
      synthesis and RNA:DNA ratio in intercaruncular endometrium increased steadily
      between days 0 and 112, whereas they did not change in caruncular endometrium
      between days 0 and 28 and declined in cotyledon between days 56 and 112. The
      levels of cytosol receptor for oestradiol and progesterone and of nuclear
      receptor for oestradiol in all tissues during days 56-112 were very low in
      relation to the corresponding levels in caruncular endometrium on day 0. The
      level of nuclear progesterone receptor in caruncular endometrium increased
      threefold between oestrus and day 28. The level of this receptor in cotyledon
      remained low on days 56-112, but in intercaruncular endometrium it increased to
      high values on days 84-112. The results demonstrated a major surge in secretory
      activity by the intercaruncular endometrium at around mid-gestation, which was
      associated with a marked increase in nuclear progesterone receptor levels but
      only a low level of nuclear oestradiol receptor. The observations do not suggest
      any important role for oestradiol or progesterone in the growth of fetal and
      maternal cotyledon.

PMID- 6822779
TI  - Hormonal changes at oestrus, parturition and post-partum oestrus in the tammar
      wallaby (Macropus eugenii).
AB  - Concentrations of progesterone, prolactin, LH and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in plasma of eight tammar wallabies
      at 8-hourly intervals during the end of pregnancy and post-partum oestrus
      initiated by removing the pouch young, and during the end of the oestrous cycle,
      similarly initiated. In the non-pregnant cycle oestrus occurred 29.7 +/- 0.7
      (mean +/- S.E.M.) days after initiation of the cycle, was preceded by a slow
      decline in progesterone concentration from 1.6 nmol/l to less than 0.64 nmol/l
      and was followed by a preovulatory peak of LH 5.3 +/- 3.9 h later. In the
      pregnant cycle birth occurred 26.1 +/- 0.2 days after removing the pouch young
      and was followed 8.0 +/- 2.1 h later by oestrus and 16.0 +/- 2.5 h by an LH peak.
      The latter events thus occurred 3.2 days earlier in the pregnant than in the non
      pregnant cycle. Parturition coincided with a very rapid decline in progesterone
      and a transient high peak of prolactin. In two females sampled less than 25 min
      after parturition there was a transient peak of PGFM but in all others the
      concentrations of PGFM remained basal throughout. It is suggested that the fetus
      and/or placenta is involved in both the premature decline in progesterone and the
      initiation of parturition and that onset of oestrus and ovulation, being a
      consequence of a decline in progesterone, are therefore also determined by the
      fetus.

PMID- 6822780
TI  - Ovarian follicle dynamics in mice: a comparative study of three inbred strains
      and an F1 hybrid.

PMID- 6822781
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of testosterone on the medial preoptic-anterior
      hypothalamus of the rat.
AB  - Castration in the rat significantly lengthened the refractory period of medial
      preoptic-anterior hypothalamic neurones with outputs into the medial forebrain
      bundle but not of those with outputs to the lateral septum. Treatment with
      testosterone propionate reduced the neuronal refractory period to its lowest
      level at the same time as it restored mounts and intromissions (after 5 days).
      Equally, when treatment was ended at 15 days, mounts and intromissions were no
      longer shown when the refractory period lengthened again 14 days later. The sub
      population of neurones which also received inputs from the contralateral fimbria
      (through the corticomedial amygdala) showed the same results as the overall
      population. Castration also significantly increased the baseline firing rates of
      medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic neurones receiving inputs from the medial
      forebrain bundle. The same effect was observed for the sub-population of neurones
      which also had inputs from the contralateral fimbria, but castration
      significantly reduced the percentage of neurones responding to this additional
      input. The neurones having inputs with the fastest conduction velocity were
      responsible for these changes in firing rate and the input neurones were
      therefore probably non-dopaminergic.

PMID- 6822782
TI  - Adrenocortical hormones, ageing and mental condition: seasonal and circadian
      rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, total and free cortisol and
      urinary corticosteroids.
AB  - The circannual rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC),
      total and free cortisol have been documented on a circadian basis in January,
      March, June and October in seven young men (24 years old), six elderly men, six
      elderly women and six elderly demented subjects, both men and women, in their
      eighties. Blood samples were drawn every 4 h over a 24-h period at each sampling
      session and urine samples were collected at 4-h intervals only from the young
      men. A circadian rhythm of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids (17-OH-CS), 17-ketosteroids
      (17-KS), urinary free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC was defined for each of the four
      seasons with stable acrophases throughout the year and the same excretory
      profiles. A circannual rhythm was validated in young men for 17-OH-CS, urinary
      free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC but not for 17-KS. A circadian rhythm of plasma free
      cortisol, the active form of the hormone, plasma total cortisol and plasma 18-OH
      DOC was validated in all groups and at all the seasons at which samples were
      taken. The secretory profiles of 18-OH-DOC, free and total cortisol were very
      similar, with no differences attributable to age, sex or mental condition except
      for the levels of plasma free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC which were higher and lower
      respectively in the elderly subjects. Whereas a circannual rhythm of plasma 18-OH
      DOC was validated for all groups, a circannual rhythm of both free and total
      cortisol in the plasma was validated in young men but not in any group of elderly
      subjects. This loss of the circannual rhythmicity of cortisol in the elderly may
      reflect the decrease with age of the capacity to adapt to seasonal external
      factors.

PMID- 6822788
TI  - Some personal reflections on comprehensiveness of care.

PMID- 6822784
TI  - An ocular capacity to promote photoperiodic testicular growth in the quail.

PMID- 6822783
TI  - Differences in the seasonal rhythmicity of plasma prolactin in elderly human
      subjects: detection in women but not in men.
AB  - Effects of age, sex and mental condition on the circadian and circannual
      rhythmicity of plasma prolactin in human subjects were investigated. Circannual
      changes were recorded on a circadian basis in January, March, June and October in
      four groups of subjects: seven young men, six elderly men, six elderly women and
      six senile demented patients (two men and four women). Blood samples were drawn
      every 4 h over a 24-h period at the four sampling sessions. Circadian rhythms of
      the hormone were validated in all groups and at all sampling sessions except
      twice in elderly demented subjects. The 24-h mean levels of prolactin in plasma
      were approximately the same in young and elderly subjects. The circadian
      acrophases were most often located in the vicinity of 02.00-04.00 h. The
      circannual rhythmicity of the hormone showed a sex difference; the rhythm was not
      validated in either young or elderly men but was detected in the groups of
      elderly women and elderly demented patients (mainly women). The acrophases were
      located in May. This paper strongly suggests a sex difference in the circannual
      rhythmicity of plasma prolactin levels in elderly subjects.

PMID- 6822786
TI  - Human monocytes are associated with the formation of fibrin.
AB  - Purified populations of human monocytes (greater than 99% monocytic) contain a
      subpopulation of cells (8-20%) that will surround themselves with a radial array
      of needles within 15 s after exposure to plasma. The needles are composed of
      fibrin as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis of isolated needles and by their
      reaction with a monoclonal antibody, UC45, that is specific for the alpha chain
      of fibrin. The addition of UC45 antibody to plasma inhibits the formation of the
      fibrin needles by monocytes, suggesting that the recognized antigen is important
      for polymerization. In contrast, UC45 binds weakly to conventional plasma fibrin
      and does not prevent clotting of plasma although the process is prolonged. Thus,
      the UC45 antigen is more prominently represented or more accessible on monocyte
      fibrin. At least 1% of the monocytes were able to form fibers at the earliest
      time that they could be tested. A greater proportion developed this ability
      between 2 and 6 h in culture. Macrophages from lung, thymus, and breast milk,
      when incubated for similar periods of time, do not form fibrin needles. However,
      phagocytes from tonsils were extremely active in this respect. It is speculated
      that monocytes may be induced to express fibrin as part of their activities in
      inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 6822787
TI  - Macrophage activation selectively enhances expression of Fc receptors for IgG2a.
AB  - After infection with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, peritoneal macrophages (Mo)
      display enhanced expression of FcR for both monomeric and complexed IgG2a, but
      not IgG2b. Isotype specificity of FcR can be reversed on nonactivated Mo by
      immune lymphokines, and IgG2a immune complexes are more effective triggers of the
      respiratory burst in activated Mo. Selective enhancement of IgG2a FcR by Mo
      activation could account for efficacy of homologous ab in mediating cytotoxicity
      in some systems.

PMID- 6822785
TI  - Genetic control of resistance to street rabies virus in mice.
AB  - Resistance to intraperitoneally inoculated street rabies virus (SRV) in mice was
      shown to be under genetic control. SJL/J, CBA/J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cAn mice were
      resistant, whereas A/WySn/J and A.SW/SnJ mice were susceptible. In addition,
      female mice of the resistant BALB/cAn and DBA/2J strains were more resistant than
      their male counterparts. Resistance was not controlled solely by the major
      histocompatibility locus because susceptible A.SW/SnJ and resistant SJL/J mice
      have the same H-2S haplotype. Challenge of F1 hybrids produced by crossing
      resistant and susceptible strains indicated resistance was dominant (97%
      survivors). Inoculation of backcross mice produced by mating F1 hybrids with
      susceptible parents showed that one and/or two genes controlled susceptibility.
      Furthermore, inoculation of SRV obtained from six different animals indicated
      that differences in strain susceptibilities were not dependent on the SRV
      isolate. Genetic control of resistance to SRV was, however, abrogated by
      intracerebral inoculation of virus. Resistant strains of mice were detected that
      either remained asymptomatic or, in contrast, developed signs of clinical
      disease, but disease failed to progress and they survived. The recognition of
      resistant and susceptible strains of mice, differences in female-male resistance
      within the same resistant strain, as well as dissimilar clinical responses in
      different resistant mouse strains to intraperitoneally inoculated SRV provide
      promising probes for investigation of host resistance and mechanisms for survival
      after onset of clinical rabies.

PMID- 6822789
TI  - Depression: symptom or syndrome?

PMID- 6822790
TI  - Alcohol education for family practice residents.

PMID- 6822791
TI  - Cervical cytology.

PMID- 6822792
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PMID- 6822793
TI  - Diuretic induced hypokalemia.

PMID- 6822794
TI  - Subclavian lines and venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6822795
TI  - Choice of sterilization procedure.

PMID- 6822796
TI  - The elderly hypertensive: a neglected patient?
AB  - A cohort of 1,002 elderly hypertensive patients who received care at six family
      practice residency program clinics in Iowa was followed for nearly four years in
      a historical prospective design study. Demographic and clinical data were
      abstracted and the end points of the study were the occurrence of a
      cerebrovascular accident (n = 37), myocardial infarction (n = 27), or death (n =
      102). Survival regression analysis showed that the risk of cerebrovascular
      accident is greater than any other major morbid event and that risk is
      proportional to increasing levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
      The findings are in agreement with published studies of hypertension and its
      treatment in other age groups.

PMID- 6822797
TI  - Impact of spirometry on the management of chronic obstructive airway disease.
AB  - A simple spirometer was tested in an outpatient family practice to determine
      whether its use increased detection of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD)
      in patients at risk, more accurately identified patients with reversible
      bronchospasm, and helped to make the most of their bronchodilator therapy. Three
      (17 percent) of 18 patients at risk, previously unlabeled, were found to have
      COAD. Of 28 patients with a previous COAD diagnosis, 5 (18 percent) had the
      diagnosis deleted, and 5 who had previously been classified as "reversible" were
      reclassified as having "irreversible" bronchospasm (P less than .025). Of 46
      patients studied, bronchodilator therapy was changed in 18 (39 percent); 12 of
      these improved symptomatically according to a subjective score (P less than .02).
      A few patients demonstrated a significant improvement in 1-second forced
      expiratory volume.

PMID- 6822798
TI  - Causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding in a Family Practice Center.
AB  - Abnormal vaginal bleeding had an incidence of 20.0 per 1,000 woman-years in
      patients of the Kanawha Valley Family Practice Center. Contraception-related
      bleeding was the most common cause, accounting for 28 percent of the cases.
      Anovulatory and dysfunctional uterine bleeding were the next most common causes,
      accounting for 15 percent and 13 percent, respectively. All three causes were
      uncommon in women aged 41 to 55 years, and absent in women older than 55 years.
      Perimenopausal bleeding, the dominant cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding in the
      41-to-55-year group, was also absent in women older than 55 years of age. In
      women 56 years of age or older, endometrial carcinoma caused 28.6 percent of the
      bleeding; it did not occur in any other group.

PMID- 6822800
TI  - Pain relief associated with a religious visitation: a case report.
AB  - A 68-year-old black woman tolerated partial colectomy for resection of a
      carcinoma with minimal postoperative discomfort and without the need of any
      analgesia. She attributed her positive experience to the presence of protective
      angels. Psychologic interviews and testing revealed her to be fully in touch with
      reality. Her experience, as well as those of similar patients reported in the
      medical literature, has biological, sociocultural, and psychological components.
      The role of religious belief in the pain experience has received scant attention,
      but it constitutes a challenging area for future research.

PMID- 6822799
TI  - Maternal and infant characteristics in abuse: a case control study.
AB  - Eighty-six abused children identified by two Children's Aid Societies in Hamilton
      Wentworth County, Ontario, were compared with 86 controls born in the same
      hospital. Three factors were significantly more common in the abused group: (1)
      low socioeconomic status of the mother, (2) younger age at time of delivery, and
      (3) indication of a psychosocial problem recorded in the medical chart. The
      failure to find significant differences between abused children and controls in
      birthweight, Apgar score, and prematurity contrasts with earlier investigations
      of infant characteristics and child abuse.

PMID- 6822801
TI  - Health effects of air pollution measured by outpatient visits.
AB  - An association between air pollution and various diseases has been demonstrated
      over the last three decades by examining vital statistics, epidemiologic surveys,
      and hospital data. This study examines the association between air pollutants and
      diagnoses made at outpatient visits to a family practice center during an acute
      episode of air pollution. A strong positive correlation was found between average
      weekly pollutant levels and the percentage of diagnoses of respiratory tract and
      cardiac illnesses. Not only do these findings add to the growing evidence of
      untoward health effects of air pollution; they also suggest a simple method of
      monitoring such effects in an ambulatory setting.

PMID- 6822802
TI  - Co-occurrence of psychiatric and medical morbidity in primary care.
AB  - This study examines the co-occurrence of psychiatric and medical morbidity in
      primary care patients utilizing a health care clinic in Marshfield, Wisconsin.
      Previous research has shown that individuals with psychiatric disorders have
      higher rates of medical illness than people without psychiatric illness, but most
      prior studies have tended to confound the measures of psychiatric and medical
      morbidity. In addition, appropriate controls for bias resulting from different
      medical utilization patterns have sometimes been absent. The present study
      reports the medical diagnoses of persons who had been assessed for psychiatric
      disorder with a standardized psychiatric interview using research diagnostic
      criteria independent of their medical assessment. Psychiatric diagnoses are
      analyzed in relation to medical diagnoses at the time of the interview and for a
      one-year period--six months before and six months after that date. The results
      indicate that persons with mental disorder diagnoses have significantly more
      morbidity for the one-year study period. Although considerable congruence exists
      in the physical diagnoses recorded for both groups, those with mental disorders
      are more likely to have diagnoses of the digestive and genitourinary systems.
      Some sex differences are also explored.

PMID- 6822803
TI  - Continuity of care in the referral process: an analysis of family physicians'
      expectations of consultants.
AB  - A total of 497 referrals from a rural family practice training center are
      analyzed from the perspective of the referring physicians' expectations for
      continuing care of the referred patient. Those expectations were stated
      explicitly at the time of referral within three mutually exclusive categories.
      Referral expectations are partitioned by diagnostic groups and by specialty of
      the consultant. Analysis suggests that the referring physicians' expectations for
      continuing care of the referred patient vary significantly depending upon the
      specialty of the consultant.

PMID- 6822804
TI  - Determination of worries and expectations of family practice patients.
AB  - One of the cornerstones of family practice is the development of the physician
      patient relationship within the context of the consultation. Each consultation is
      modified both by the prior expectations of the participants and by illness
      related worries held by the patient. This paper describes the development of an
      instrument to record the worries and expectations of patients visiting their
      family physicians and changes occurring as a result of the consultation. The
      instrument comprises a card sort composed of 26 cards, on each of which is typed
      a statement relating to a worry or expectation that a patient might hold. One
      hundred patients were asked to sort these cards before and after the
      consultation. The major worries of the group were about discomfort, the effects
      of illness on the family, the prospect of a physical examination, and about
      explaining the problem to the physician. Prominent expectations were for an
      explanation of diagnosis and treatment and a friendly and understanding manner
      from the physician.

PMID- 6822805
TI  - A model for teaching ethics in a family practice residency.
AB  - The model used for teaching ethics at the Ghent Family Medicine Residency at
      Eastern Virginia Medical School consists of a monthly one-hour noon conference
      integrating ethical principles and clinical decision making. The underlying
      objective is to help produce effective physicians by developing their knowledge,
      skills, and attitudes. The model combines didactic material and clarification of
      personal values in a case study format. The most important kind of learning to be
      derived is the self-awareness of one's own value structure and its contribution
      to the clinical decision-making process. Such a conference will succeed in
      capturing resident participation in direct proportion to faculty support. Medical
      ethics teaching in family medicine is appropriate, important, and consistent with
      the principles of a good family practice residency. An illustration of a typical
      ethics noon conference on confidentiality is given.

PMID- 6822806
TI  - Pediatric behavioral science in family practice.
AB  - Behavioral science is a well-accepted component of family practice, but official
      guidelines and proposed curricula have a predominantly adult focus. This paper
      describes a pediatric behavioral science curriculum for family practice residents
      that has been successfully integrated into the three-year family practice
      residency curriculum at the University of Colorado. Details of development and
      implementation are presented: the requisite knowledge base, skills, and
      attitudes; the core pediatric behavioral science topics and diagnoses; the family
      physician's role in handling each core diagnosis; guidelines for making
      management decisions; suggested approaches to teaching the curriculum; and a
      reference list for behavioral science faculty.

PMID- 6822807
TI  - Vasectomy.
AB  - Bilateral vasectomy is a common method of achieving elective sterilization in
      men. Knowledge of male genital anatomy is important in the performance of this
      procedure as well as in screening patients with anatomical contraindications.
      Careful counseling techniques will help avoid medicolegal problems. There are
      several operative techniques used to perform a vasectomy. Postoperative
      evaluation and semen analysis should be accomplished to recognize and allay
      complications. Major complications are rare; minor complications are relatively
      frequent, with early diagnosis and treatment important in hastening recovery.
      Psychological consequences are rare. Thus, vasectomy is a relatively safe,
      inexpensive, and dependable contraceptive procedure.

PMID- 6822808
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis.

PMID- 6822809
TI  - Ovarian pregnancy with a Copper-7 intrauterine device in situ.

PMID- 6822811
TI  - Urinary formaldehyde concentration after methenamine therapy in patients on
      intermittent catheterization.

PMID- 6822810
TI  - Epigastric bruit: prevalence and clinical significance in a student population.

PMID- 6822812
TI  - The relationship of continuity of care to age, sex, and race.

PMID- 6822813
TI  - The biopsychosocial model and family medicine.

PMID- 6822814
TI  - Comparative immunological and biochemical analyses of viruses in the Venezuelan
      equine encephalitis complex.
AB  - Unclassified Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses Tonate (TON), Bijou
      Bridge (BB), Paramana (PARA), 71D-1252 and Cabassou (CAB) were characterized
      serologically and biochemically. The envelope glycoproteins of these and nine
      other VEE viruses representing VEE subtype variants I-AB, I-C, I-D, I-E, II, III
      and IV were separated by column isoelectric focusing. The E1 and E2 glycoproteins
      of all the Zwittergent-dissociated VEE viruses focused at pI 6.3 to 6.9 and pI
      8.6 to 9.3 respectively. Haemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests
      using rabbit sera to the E2 glycoprotein of TON, BB and PARA viruses showed them
      to be indistinguishable from each other and closely related to prototype subtype
      III virus Mucambo (MUC). VEE strain 71D-1252 was also serologically closely
      related to prototype MUC virus. We proposed that MUC, TON and 71D-1252 VEE
      viruses be classified subtype III viruses, designated variants III-A, III-B and
      III-C respectively. CAB virus, which is not closely related to other VEE
      isolates, may represent a new VEE subtype (V). SDS-PAGE resolved the capsid
      protein (35 to 36 kdal) and two major envelope glycoproteins of 50 to 51 kdal
      (E1) and 51 to 58 kdal (E2) for all VEE viruses except CAB; the two glycoproteins
      of CAB virus co-migrated by PAGE with apparent identical mol. wt. of 51 kdal.
      Limited digestion of SDS-dissociated virus proteins with Staphylococcus aureus V8
      protease produced identical peptide maps for serologically indistinguishable
      viruses. Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of virus RNA supported the close
      serological relationships observed at the genome level.

PMID- 6822815
TI  - Genetic studies of hybrids between coliphage phi 80 and Salmonella phage P22.
AB  - Hybrids between Escherichia coli phage phi 80 and Salmonella typhimurium phage
      P22 were isolated after superinfection by P22 of a smooth E. coli-S. typhimurium
      hybrid lysogenic for phi 80. These hybrid phages, designated phi 80immP22 and phi
      80immP22dis, possessed the phi 80 protein coat and tail genes. The phi 80immP22
      hybrids acquired the immunity (immC) region of P22 and some adjacent P22 genes,
      but E. coli-S. typhimurium strains lysogenic for phi 80immP22 hybrids remained
      sensitive to P22. The phi 80immP22dis hybrids, found ten times more frequently
      than the phi 80immP22 hybrids, contained a more extensive portion of the P22
      genome which encompassed the immI as well as the immC region of P22. Therefore,
      the phi 80immP22dis hybrids conferred on their hosts immunity to P22 infection.
      Further analyses have revealed that the phi 80immP22dis hybrids carry the P22
      attachment region and either P22 tail gene 9 or antigen conversion gene a1, but
      not both of these genes.

PMID- 6822816
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of influenza virus
      A/England/321/77.

PMID- 6822817
TI  - Diagnostic interactions. Alcoholism and antisocial personality.
AB  - The association of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders is important from
      both a research and a therapeutic point of view. In a medically hospitalized
      inpatient sample, we found a strong relationship between alcoholism and
      antisocial personality. Controlling for the overlap of diagnostic symptomatology,
      antisocial subjects still had a significantly higher prevalence of alcoholism
      than nonantisocial. The antisocial individual was more likely to be exposed to
      problem drinking, and once exposed, he tended to be more susceptible to
      developing the full alcoholism syndrome. Gender and a family history of problem
      drinking also predicted alcoholism. Characterological and neurophysiological
      correlates of antisocial personality and their relationship to problem drinking
      are discussed.

PMID- 6822818
TI  - Validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to
      psychopathology in patients with epilepsy.
AB  - Information regarding the sensitivity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
      Inventory (MMPI) to psychopathology and the meaning of MMPI elevations in
      neurological patients, particularly in those with epilepsy, is of both
      theoretical and clinical concern. Such information has a particular relevance to
      the temporal lobe epilepsy-psychopathology controversy. In order to investigate
      evidence for increased psychopathology as a function of complex partial seizures
      (temporal lobe epilepsy in the old nomenclature), three groups of epilepsy
      patients differing in seizure type were compared on the MMPI. No supportive
      evidence was present for such an association. Second, the sensitivity of the MMPI
      to psychopathology was examined by comparing three groups of epilepsy patients
      differing in history of psychiatric problems. The results clearly indicated that
      the MMPI is sensitive to psychopathology in patients with epilepsy. Finally, the
      Sc scale was examined in relation to items descriptive of "disease-related
      experiences" and the psychiatric implications of endorsing such items. About one
      third of the items were identified as descriptive of "real experiences."
      Nevertheless, patients with psychiatric histories endorsed more of such items. In
      conclusion, the MMPI appears to be sensitive to psychopathology in epilepsy.
      Therefore, insensitivity of this instrument cannot be advanced as an explanation
      for the results of many studies that have not supported the temporal lobe
      epilepsy-psychopathology controversy.

PMID- 6822819
TI  - Alcoholic seizures: intellectual and neuropsychological sequelae.
AB  - Alcoholics who experienced withdrawal seizures performed comparably to those who
      did not suffer seizures on intellectual and neuropsychological tests. Both
      groups, however, exhibited a number of impairments. The hypothesis that the
      withdrawal seizure is indicative of alcoholism severity and can serve as a marker
      for extent of neurological disturbance was not supported.

PMID- 6822820
TI  - Transitional experience of a borderline patient.
AB  - Because transitional objects and relatedness are often important developmental
      aspects of the borderline personality structure, the therapist may gain
      significant information by following the metamorphosis of transitional
      relatedness as it evolves during psychotherapy. The case presented describes a
      young woman's use of her own body as a transitional object after a childhood in
      which she had been used similarly by her mother.

PMID- 6822821
TI  - Mental health in the Third World.
AB  - In spite of great national and international efforts and relative success in
      achieving technological and economic progress, the underlying situation in the
      Third World offers little cause for optimism. Some notable exceptions
      notwithstanding, in most countries poverty is increasing at an alarming rate,
      with its accompanying misery, poor health, and social unrest. Unequal
      distribution of material wealth, political instability, and the crumbling of
      traditional and cultural values are also increasingly prevalent. Critical
      assessment of the philosophy, goals, and methodology of development is an urgent
      requirement in many nations. Mental health endeavors in the Third World need
      similar reformulation of both immediate and long range objectives and methods, if
      ever-increasing mental health demands fostered by such rapid and sweeping changes
      are to be met. Four major models--the hospital-based model, the medical school
      based model, the community-based model, and the voluntary organization model-
      have so far been the basis for mental health development in Third World nations
      and, to a certain extent, have produced the needed personnel and services. A
      fifth model--the primary health care model--seems to hold more promise for the
      future. By virtue of its integration with general health and other administrative
      social networks, it can more easily reach out to the community, providing both
      curative and preventive mental health. Whichever model or combination of models
      any one nation or region adopts, future mental health endeavors in the Third
      World should be an integral part of overall social policy and health planning.
      Taking children, family, and school as major foci, such efforts are indispensible
      and should constitute a positive force in shaping the continuing process of
      social evolution.

PMID- 6822822
TI  - Psychiatric problems among adolescent Southeast Asian refugees. A descriptive
      study.
AB  - When first faced with evaluating and/or treating a Southeast Asian adolescent
      psychiatric patient, the American therapist may be overwhelmed by the vast
      cultural differences. We have reviewed 28 cases of adolescents encountered in a
      psychiatric setting in order to provide a description of their presenting
      complaints and problems. Diagnostic categories and demographic characteristics
      are described, as well as current areas of needs for adolescent psychiatric
      patients from Southeast Asia.

PMID- 6822823
TI  - Refugees who do and do not seek psychiatric care. An analysis of premigratory and
      postmigratory characteristics.
AB  - Social psychiatric research can provide information about the role of
      interpersonal and societal factors in the genesis of psychiatric disorder. This
      discipline relies heavily on "experiments in nature" which expose a large number
      of people to a potentially pathological social stimulus. It also depends in large
      part upon the study of nonpatients to serve as a comparative group for patients.
      Both conditions are met in this study of Hmong refugees from Indochina. While the
      population and the event are esoteric to some extent, their experiences of sudden
      sociocultural change, geographic migration, role discontinuity, identity crisis,
      and massive loss are common experiences among many psychiatric patients,
      regardless of their origin. Thus this study contributes to our understanding
      regarding the social genesis of psychiatric disorder. This prospective study of
      refugees to the United States was undertaken among the Hmong population in
      Minnesota (N = 97) during 1977. Subsequently 17 of this group became psychiatric
      patients over a 12-month period. Premigration and postmigration factors
      associated with patient status are described. Hypotheses are offered regarding
      those postmigration experiences or social strategies which favored or prevented
      psychiatric status.

PMID- 6822824
TI  - Migration and mental health among Hmong refugees. Association of pre- and
      postmigration factors with self-rating scales.
AB  - To date there have been no epidemiological studies of a refugee population using
      self-rating scales. This method was used in a study of Hmong refugees in
      Minnesota. Self-reported symptoms were compared with premigration and
      postmigration factors to assess those characteristics associated with increased
      symptom reporting. Relatively few premigration factors influenced these self
      reports, whereas several postmigration factors were significantly correlated with
      symptoms. These findings suggest certain interventions which might enhance the
      adjustment of subsequent refugees.

PMID- 6822825
TI  - Relationship of depression to psychosocial stressors in heroin addicts.
AB  - Psychosocial stressors are commonly classified according to such recent life
      events (RLE) as arguments and exits. Based on retrospective studies, exit events,
      e.g., deaths and marital separations, are generally believed to precede the onset
      of depression. We are reporting the first prospective study of RLE in 123
      addicts, who were evaluated for depression using the Beck Inventory, then treated
      for drug abuse and reevaluated 6 months later for depression and the occurrence
      of intervening RLE. During the 6 months, only 31 per cent (38) of the addicts
      either remained (26) or became depressed (12), but 98 per cent (120) had RLE with
      a mean of 6.3 +/- 2.9. Both "normals" (1.1) and primary depressives (3.4) have
      fewer RLE. Among the 36 addicts with low numbers of RLE (zero to four), 25 per
      cent either remained or became depressed, while among the 26 addicts with high
      numbers of RLE (nine to 15), 50 per cent either remained or became depressed.
      When RLE were categorized into exit and argument events, arguments had a stronger
      relationship than exits to depression. Furthermore, only arguments showed the
      expected relationship to recovery from depression, that is, addicts who recovered
      from depression were less likely to have argument events than addicts who
      remained depressed. Thus, among the 58 addicts who had argument RLE, 45 per cent
      either remained or became depressed, 36 per cent recovered from depression, and
      19 per cent remained asymptomatic; among the 60 addicts who had exit RLE, 36 per
      cent either remained or became depressed, 40 per cent recovered from depression,
      and 23 per cent remained asymptomatic. When the post-therapeutic analysis
      included several outcome events other than depression, argument RLE were most
      strongly related to depression and exit RLE to resumption of illicit drug use
      during treatment. We conclude that recovery from depression in addicts is related
      to negative RLE such as arguments and that treatment should focus on helping
      addicts control their response to these RLE to facilitate recovery from
      depression.

PMID- 6822826
TI  - Uptake of L-[14C]proline by isolated rat brain capillaries.
AB  - Rat brain capillaries exhibit concentrative uptake of L-proline. The uptake is
      mediated by two saturable systems, one with a Km of 0.11 mM and another with a Km
      of 5.9 mM. Entry also occurred by diffusion, especially at high substrate
      concentrations. The saturable high-affinity system is sodium-dependent, with a Km
      for sodium of 36 mM. Proline uptake is not inhibited by lysine, but is inhibited
      by phenylalanine, glycine, and leucine. alpha-Methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB),
      a model for sodium-requiring transport systems, is a competitive inhibitor of the
      low-Km system. b-2-Aminobicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), a model
      for nonsodium-dependent transport, however, also inhibited proline uptake.

PMID- 6822827
TI  - Tryptophan transport into plasma membrane vesicles derived from rat brain
      synaptosomes.
AB  - Tryptophan uptake by membrane vesicles derived from rat brain was investigated.
      The uptake is dependent on the Na+ gradient [Na+] outside greater than [Na+]
      inside, and is maximal when both Na+ and Cl- are present. The uptake represents
      transport into an osmotically active space and not a binding artifact, as
      indicated by the effect of increasing the medium osmolarity. The uptake of
      tryptophan is stimulated by a membrane potential (interior negative) as
      demonstrated by the effects of the ionophores valinomycin and carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone and anions with different permeabilities. Kinetic data show
      that tryptophan is accumulated by two systems with different affinities. Ouabain,
      an inhibitor of Na+,K+-activated ATPase, does not affect tryptophan transport.
      The uptake of tryptophan is inhibited by high concentrations of phenylalanine,
      tyrosine, leucine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.

PMID- 6822828
TI  - Presence of a membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase form in a preparation of nerve
      endings from Torpedo marmorata electric organ.
AB  - We adapted a method, originally described by Israel et al. (1976) for the
      preparation of cholinergic nerve endings from Torpedo, to deal with a larger
      quantity of electric tissue. We followed the distribution of acetylcholine (ACh),
      ATP, acetylcholine receptor (AChR), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), ouabain
      resistant and -sensitive ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and obtained a nerve ending fraction, without
      detectable contamination by postsynaptic components. This preparation consisted
      of closed structures of 1-5 micrometers diameter, containing synaptic vesicles.
      It had the capacity to synthetize and release ACh. This preparation is therefore
      quite suitable for biochemical analysis of presynaptic elements. We particularly
      investigated its content of AChE: it consists exclusively of the 6S dimeric,
      hydrophobic form of the enzyme. This enzyme is enriched in the nerve ending
      preparation, by a factor higher than that obtained for ChAT. The yields obtained
      for the two enzymes suggest that the hydrophobic 6S AChE form may be mostly
      presynaptic in Torpedo electric organs. We characterized this form as a membrane
      bound, externally active enzyme in the nerve ending preparation. It may thus
      participate in the hydrolysis of extracellularly liberated AChE, and its
      abundance suggests that presynaptic AChE could play an essential role in
      cholinergic transmission in Torpedo electric organs and perhaps also in other
      cholinergic synapses.

PMID- 6822829
TI  - The synthesis and release of [3H-tyrosine1]methionine5-enkephalin from guinea pig
      brain slices.
AB  - Stores of methionine-enkephalin were labelled on the N-terminal by incubation of
      whole brain slices with [3H]tyrosine (10 microCi/ml). The 3H radioactivity
      corresponding to the position of authentic Met-enkephalin after extraction on
      Amberlite XAD2 and separation by thin-layer chromatography was taken as an index
      of synthesis. Maximal incorporation of the labelled tyrosine into Met-enkephalin
      was attained after 4 h of incubation at 37 degrees C and was inhibited in the
      presence of 10 microM cycloheximide. Isolated nerve terminals failed to
      incorporate any [3H]tyrosine. The labelled compound had opiate-like activity and
      consisted of the same five amino acids as an authentic standard. Incubations with
      leucine aminopeptidase indicated that the labelled tyrosine was on the N
      terminus, and removal of this tyrosine resulted in loss of opiate-like activity.
      The incorporation of [14C]glycine, selected as an alternative precursor, was
      consistent with de novo synthesis and not N-terminal exchange. A radioimmunoassay
      was also used to quantify the amount of labelled Met-enkephalin. KCl (50 mM)
      elicited a Ca2+-dependent release of the synthesized [3H]Met-enkephalin from
      whole brain slices and also from isolated nerve terminals. The release of Met
      enkephalin radioimmunoactivity paralleled that of [3H]met-enkephalin. Preliminary
      investigations have suggested that carbamyl choline inhibited this release, and
      its effect was partially reversed by atropine.

PMID- 6822830
TI  - Effects of ATP and taurine on calcium uptake by membrane preparations of the rat
      retina.
AB  - The effects of ATP and taurine on the kinetics of calcium uptake in rat retinal
      membrane preparations were determined. ATP increased calcium uptake at low
      calcium ion concentrations. Addition of ATP plus taurine further increased
      calcium uptake. Cooperative relationships were observed for calcium uptake in the
      absence of ATP and taurine. In the presence of phosphate ions reciprocal plots
      demonstrated upward deflections from linearity, while in the absence of phosphate
      ions downward deflections were noted. Addition of ATP plus taurine to the
      incubation system appeared to obliterate the cooperativity. Two uptake systems
      for calcium were observed.

PMID- 6822831
TI  - Kinetics of tryptophan influx into brain slices depleted of sodium and loaded
      with L-histidine.
AB  - The kinetics of tryptophan influx were studied with rat brain slices preloaded
      with L-histidine and/or depleted of sodium ions. The best fits of the data
      (velocity of influx versus tryptophan concentration) were computed by use of a
      model consisting of a saturable (Michaelis-Menten type) and an unsaturable
      (diffusional) component with an iterative nonlinear regression analysis. Sodium
      depletion of the slices reduced the maximal velocity of saturable influx. In
      histidine-preloaded slices, depleted or not depleted of sodium ions, the most
      marked alteration again occurred in the maximal velocity, which more than
      doubled. Slices preloaded with histidine contained greatly elevated levels of
      glutamine and histidine, which may have stimulated the influx by exchange with
      extracellular tryptophan even in the absence of sodium ions. The maximal velocity
      was higher with increasing concentration of large neutral amino acids in slices
      at the start of the influx measurements. The influx of tryptophan in brain cells
      is apparently modified by changes in the intracellular amino acid pool, which,
      when increased, also counteracts the effect of sodium depletion on the tryptophan
      influx.

PMID- 6822832
TI  - Study of glial fibrillary acidic protein in a human glioma cell line grown in
      culture and as a solid tumor.
AB  - A continuous human glioma cell line grown in culture and as a solid tumor was
      analyzed for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. This material provided a rich
      source for GFA protein that could also be manipulated and controlled.
      Immunoperoxidase staining at the light and electron microscopic levels revealed
      that the cell culture and tumor specimens were strongly positive for GFA protein.
      When aqueous soluble fractions of the cell culture and tumor were separated by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted
      onto nitrocellulose, and stained immunochemically, they contained exclusively low
      molecular weight (41--43K-dalton) GFA peptides. SDS (0.15%)-soluble fractions
      contained either low molecular weight only (culture) or a mixture of peptides
      ranging from 41 to 49K daltons. SDS (1%) extracts of either cell culture or tumor
      contained only 49K-dalton GFA protein. Two-dimensional gel separation revealed
      that the GFA protein extracted from either the culture or tumor with 1% SDS
      resolved to two or three spots at pH 5.8. Low molecular weight GFA peptides (less
      than 49K daltons) in aqueous and 0.15% SDS-soluble extracts became increasingly
      more acidic with decreasing molecular weight. The extremely rapid degradation
      seen suggests that this cell line may be a valuable system for further study of
      intermediate filament protein turnover.

PMID- 6822834
TI  - Cimoxatone is a reversible tight-binding inhibitor of the A form of rat brain
      monoamine oxidase.
AB  - Cimoxatone is a fully reversible inhibitor selective for the A form of monoamine
      oxidase. The inhibition is so potent against this enzyme form that it acts as a
      tight-binding inhibitor. Use of this inhibitor indicates that in rat brain
      homogenates the concentration of monoamine oxidase A is approximately 8-11 pmol .
      mg protein-1. Values similar to this were obtained by clorgyline titration, and
      both methods gave values similar to those found with a [3H]harmaline binding
      assay.

PMID- 6822833
TI  - Presynaptic cholinergic dysfunction in patients with dementia.
AB  - Indices of presynaptic cholinergic nerve endings were assayed in neocortical
      biopsy samples from patients with presenile dementia. For those patients in whom
      Alzheimer's disease was histologically confirmed, [14C]acetylcholine synthesis,
      choline acetyltransferase activity and choline uptake were all found to be
      markedly reduced (at least 40%) below mean control values. The changes occurred
      in samples from both the frontal and temporal lobes and for [14C]acetylcholine
      synthesis the decrease was similar under conditions of high and low neuronal
      activity (as assessed by incubations in 31 mM and 5 mM K+ respectively). Samples
      from other demented patients, in whom the histological features of Alzheimer's
      disease were not detected, produced values for all three biochemical parameters
      which were similar to controls. For the total group of patients with presenile
      dementia there were correlations between values for the three markers of
      presynaptic cholinergic nerve endings suggestive of a loss of functional activity
      at these sites in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6822836
TI  - Relation of cholesterol to oligodendroglial differentiation in C-6 glial cells.
AB  - The relation of cellular cholesterol content of a biochemical expression of
      oligodendroglial differentiation was studied in cultured C-6 glial cells.
      Induction of the oligodendroglial marker enzyme 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'
      phosphohydrolase (CNP) was determined after alteration of the sterol content of
      cellular membranes by exposure to compactin, a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol synthesis. The sterol content
      and, as a consequence, the sterol/phospholipid molar ratio of C-6 glial cells
      were decreased by treating the cells, in 10% lipoprotein-poor serum, with various
      concentrations of compactin for 24 h. The degrees of sterol depletion thus
      produced were maintained for 48 h after removal of the compactin if the cells
      were maintained in serum-free medium, the culture conditions necessary for
      induction of CNF in untreated cells. Forty-eight hours after removal of serum, no
      induction of CNP occurred in cells previously treated with 0.5 micrograms/ml of
      compactin, whereas untreated cells exhibited a three- to fourfold increase in CNP
      activity. Intermediate degree of sterol depletion resulted in intermediate
      degrees of inhibition of the CNP induction. Moreover, the morphological
      expressions of glial differentiation observed in the untreated cells did not
      occur in the sterol-depleted cells. That the effect of compactin on the induction
      of CNP relates to depletion of sterol was indicated by the finding that when low
      density lipoprotein was added to the compactin-treated cells, the induction of
      CNP, the morphological expressions of differentiation, and the
      sterol/phospholipid molar ratios were preserved. The degree of sterol depletion
      that totally prevented the induction of CNP had no effect on (Na+ R K+)-activated
      ATPase activity, total protein synthesis, and cell viability. The data define a
      critical role for sterol in oligodendroglial differentiation in this model
      system.

PMID- 6822835
TI  - Protein carboxyl methylation increases in parallel with differentiation of
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Cells of mouse neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 in the confluent phase of growth can
      catalyze the formation of endogenous protein carboxyl methyl esters, using a
      protein carboxyl methylase and membrane-bound methyl acceptor proteins. The
      enzyme is localized predominantly in the cytosol of the cells and has a molecular
      weight of about 20,000 daltons. Treatment of the cells with dimethylsulfoxide
      (DMSO) or hexamethylene-bisacetamide (HMBA), agents that induce morphological and
      electrophysiological differentiation, results in a marked increase in protein
      carboxyl methylase activity. Maximal levels are reached 6-7 days after exposure
      to the agents, a time course that closely parallels the development of electrical
      excitability mechanisms in these cells. Serum deprivation also causes neurite
      outgrowth but does not enhance electrical excitability or enzyme activity. The
      capacity of membrane-bound neuroblastoma protein(s) to be carboxyl methylated is
      increased by the differentiation procedures that have been examined. However, the
      increase in methyl acceptor proteins induced by DMSO or HMBA is the largest, and
      its time course parallels electrophysiological differentiation. In contrast,
      serum deprivation induced a small increase that reached maximal levels within 24
      h. The data suggest that increased protein carboxyl methylation is a
      developmentally regulated property of neuroblastoma cells and that at least two
      groups of methyl acceptor proteins are induced during differentiation: a minor
      group related to morphological differentiation, and a major group that may be
      related to ionic permeability mechanisms of the excitable membrane.

PMID- 6822838
TI  - Accumulation of phosphatidic acid in microsomes from propranolol-treated retinas
      during short-term incubations.
AB  - The pool size and synthesis of phosphatidic acid derived from [2-3H]glycerol were
      studied in bovine whole retinas and subcellular fractions. Microsomal
      preparations from retinas incubated with [2-3H]glycerol displayed the highest
      percentage labeling of phosphatidic acid at 5 min of incubation: labeling
      decreased rapidly thereafter. In drug-treated retinas, 0.5 mM propranolol
      increased the endogenous content of phosphatidic acid and stimulated [2
      3H]glycerol labeling in whole retina and microsomal and postmicrosomal
      supernatant fractions. This effect was observed during short-term incubations and
      was reversible. In pulse-chase experiments, 60 min of reincubation greatly
      reduced the labeling effect, although propranolol still enhanced phosphatidic
      acid labeling. At the same time, endogenous phosphatidic acid accumulated, and
      reincubation without propranolol reversed the effect. During accumulation, the
      amount of palmitate increased and that of oleate decreased, whereas the
      relatively high level of docosahexaenoate in phosphatidic acid remained
      unchanged. It was concluded that this propranolol-induced effect is due to
      cationic amphiphilic drug activity in the endoplasmic reticulum that results in a
      partial inhibition of phosphatidic acid degradation and a stimulation of its de
      novo synthesis. Hence, net synthesis of phosphatidic acid can be assessed in the
      retina during short-term incubation with propranolol.

PMID- 6822839
TI  - The effects of apomorphine upon local cerebral glucose utilization in conscious
      rats and in rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.
AB  - The effects of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (1 mg . kg-1 i.v.) upon local
      cerebral glucose utilization in 43 anatomically discrete regions of the CNS were
      examined in conscious, lightly restrained rats and in rats anesthetized with
      chloral hydrate by means of the quantitative autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxyglucose
      technique. In animals anesthetized with chloral hydrate, glucose utilization was
      reduced throughout all regions of the CNS from the levels observed in conscious
      animals, although the magnitude of the reductions in glucose use displayed
      considerable regional heterogeneity. With chloral hydrate anesthesia, the
      proportionately most marked reductions in glucose use (by 40-60% from conscious
      levels) were noted in primary auditory nuclei, thalmaic relay nuclei, and
      neocortex, and the least pronounced reductions in glucose use (by 15-25% from
      conscious levels) were observed in limbic areas, some motor relay nuclei, and
      white matter. In conscious, lightly restrained rats, the administration of
      apomorphine (1 mg . kg-1) effected significant increased in glucose utilization
      in 15 regions of the CNS (e.g., subthalamic nucleus, ventral thalamic nucleus,
      rostral neocortex, substantia nigra, pars reticulata), and significant reductions
      in glucose utilization in two regions of the CNS (lateral habenular nucleus and
      anterior cingulate cortex). In rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate, the
      effects of apomorphine upon local glucose utilization were less widespread and
      less marked than in conscious animals. In only two of the regions (the globus
      pallidus and septal nucleus), which displayed increased glucose use following
      apomorphine in conscious rats, were significant increases in local glucose
      utilization observed with this agent in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats. In the
      pars compacta of the substantia nigra, in which apomorphine increased glucose
      utilization in conscious animals, significant reductions in glucose utilization
      were observed following apomorphine in rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.
      The profound effects of chloral hydrate anesthesia upon local cerebral glucose
      use, and the modification by this anesthetic regime of the local metabolic
      responses to apomorphine, emphasize the difficulties which exists in the
      extrapolation of data from anesthetized animals to the conditions which prevail
      in the conscious animal.

PMID- 6822837
TI  - Receptor-mediated increases in phosphatidylinositol turnover in neuron-like cell
      lines.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors found in the N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cell line were
      tested for their ability to mediate stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI)
      turnover. This study was facilitated by the development of a new solvent system
      (acetone:butanol:acetic acid:water, 3:5:1:1) for the rapid and consistent
      separation of PI by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Cholinergic
      stimulation caused as much as a 680% increase in the incorporation of 32P into
      PI. Enhanced incorporation of 32P into PI could be measured as early as 4 min
      after stimulation began. By 20 min, the rate of incorporation by stimulated cells
      had decreased to that of unstimulated cells, indicating desensitization. The
      magnitude of the response was dependent on the extent of receptor occupancy, and
      the response elicited by a saturating dose of carbamylcholine was blocked
      completely by 10(-7) M atropine, a specific muscarinic antagonist. Chronic
      stimulation, known to cause a loss of receptor binding sites, led to a 90%
      decrease in the maximum response even after a 40-min withdrawal period.
      Replacement of Na+ ions in the medium with choline or K+ severely impaired the
      ability of the cells to incorporate added 32P into PI (90 and 50%, respectively).
      Removal of the putative second messenger Ca2+ for short periods of time by the
      addition of excess EGTA did not alter either basal or muscarinic-stimulated PI
      turnover.

PMID- 6822840
TI  - High-affinity, sodium-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake by slices of rat
      ovary.
AB  - The high concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) recently demonstrated in
      rat ovary prompted us to examine the capacity of ovarian slices to take up
      [3H]GABA. Active uptake, dependent on temperature and sodium concentration, was
      observed and a kinetic constant (Km) of 1.0 microM found for the uptake process.
      Ouabain (100 microM) reduced the rate of accumulation of [3H]GABA. Uptake was
      inhibited only partially by 100 microM d,l-nipecotic acid, but more strongly by
      100 microM beta-alanine. These results suggest that the uptake system in ovary
      possesses properties similar to those of high-affinity GABA transport systems in
      the brain.

PMID- 6822841
TI  - The delipidation of brain proteolipid protein by ultrafiltration.
AB  - It has been very difficult to prepare the apoprotein moiety of brain white matter
      proteolipid so that it is completely devoid of complex lipids, without suffering
      aggregation and protein denaturation. The reason is that complex lipids are
      tightly bound to the proteolipid apoprotein. Using a new ultrafiltration method,
      we obtained, in a gradual way and in a relatively short time, more than 99%
      delipidation in water-saturated n-butanol, with and without 0.1 M acetic acid,
      and recovered up to 86% of the protein with no detectable reducing sugars
      remaining. The delipidated protein remained in solution and in a relatively
      nondenatured state for several days. In 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-aqueous
      media, 90% of the lipids were removed and the yield of recovered protein in
      solution was near 90%; nearly 6% of the reducing sugars remained in the
      apoprotein. A higher delipidation was obtained by washing with 0.1 M NaOH. The
      content of reducing sugars was greater but the protein was less stable. When 10%
      SDS was employed to dissociate lipid-protein interaction, an almost complete
      delipidation was obtained and reducing sugars disappeared.

PMID- 6822842
TI  - Distribution and properties of thiol S-methyltransferase in rat brain.
AB  - Microsomal thiol S-methyltransferase (TMT) of rat brain catalysed the methylation
      of dithiothreitol (Km = 84 microM) and other thiol compounds using S
      adenosylmethionine as methyl donor (Km = 3.7 microM). With increasing polarity of
      thiol substrates there was a decrease in the maximal velocities of reaction and
      an increase in the apparent Km values. TMT was found to be unevenly distributed
      amongst various brain regions, with highest activities in the medulla oblongata
      and the hippocampus.

PMID- 6822844
TI  - Transient focal ischemia in subhuman primates. Neuronal injury as a function of
      local cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Unilateral, transient (30, 60, and 120 minutes (min)) middle-cerebral-artery
      (MCA) occlusion was induced via transorbital craniotomy in 11 waking subhuman
      primates. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was calculated from hydrogen clearance
      curves obtained through the use of intracerebral platinum microelectrodes.
      Unilateral MCA occlusion decreased LCBF in the territory of the ipsilateral MCA.
      Within minutes of the arterial occlusion all monkeys developed contralateral
      neurologic deficits that began disappearing three hours (h) after reopening the
      MCA. Regional ischemia, followed by 24 h of reperfusion, produced varying degrees
      of tissue vacuolation which correlated (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01, n = 49) with
      the percent reduction in LCBF multiplied by the occlusion time. Neurons were
      classified according to the structural features of their perikaryon. A plot of
      neuron types versus percent vacuolation suggested that normal neurons become
      increasingly scalloped under increasingly severe ischemic conditions. The number
      of scalloped neurons decreased precipitously in areas of marked sponginess
      coincident with the appearance of irreversibly damaged neurons. Local tissue
      edema values exceeding 30% correlated with irreversible injury to all neurons in
      the same area. Regional cerebral ischemia of increasing severity was acompanied
      by increasing numbers of lethally injured neurons.

PMID- 6822843
TI  - Long-term culture of oligodendrocytes isolated from rat corpus callosum by
      Percoll density gradient. Lysis by polyclonal antigalactocerebroside serum.
AB  - Oligodendrocytes isolated from the corpus callosum of four-week-old rats by
      trypsimization and Percoll density gradient centrifugation were cultured on poly
      1-lysine coated coverslips. Some cells extended short processes within 24 hours
      (h), and at that time up to 95% of the cells showed surface binding of rabbit
      antiserum to galactocerebroside (anti-GalC) as demonstrated by indirect
      immunofluorescence. Oligodendrocytes survived up to two months in culture,
      extending processes with membranous elaborations. Exposure of living
      oligodendrocytes to varying dilutions of rabbit anti-GalC serum in the presence
      of complement produced cytotoxicity which was directly proportional to the
      concentration of antiserum and duration of exposure, as assessed by a nigrosin
      dye exclusion test. This system of isolating and culturing rat oligodendrocytes
      will permit further developmental and immunologic studies related to
      demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 6822845
TI  - Meningioma with pseudoglandular pattern. A case report.
AB  - A falx meningioma in an 11-year-old girl had a hemangiopericytomatous and
      papillary pattern, but the dominant histologic feature was a pseudoglandular
      arrangement of the tumor cells, closely imitating an adenocarcinoma. The gland
      like spaces resulted mainly from dissolution of the centers of cell nests, and to
      a lesser extent from the fusion of papillary processes. The tumor-recurred
      locally five years after surgery and maintained its pseudoglandular pattern.
      Recognition of the existence of a pseudoglandular variant of meningiomas can
      prevent the mistaken diagnosis of a metastatic adenocarcinoma and other similar
      tumors.

PMID- 6822847
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase: production, specificity, and
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in
      cholinergic neurons has been difficult to achieve because of problems encountered
      in producing specific antisera. Here we describe the production and
      characterization of several distinct monoclonal antibodies to ChAT. Each of the
      monoclonal antibodies exhibits one of three general patterns of cross-species
      reactions; one pattern shows reactivity limited mainly to bovine ChAT, a second
      pattern shows reactivity only to ChAT from higher mammals including humans, and
      the third pattern shows reactivity to ChAT from all mammals tested. The
      antibodies bound specifically to two closely related bovine proteins of 68,000
      and 70,000 daltons using the Western blotting technique. One of the antibodies
      was used to localize immunohistochemically known cholinergic structures in the
      rat brain, including motor neurons, basal forebrain neurons, and neostriatal
      neurons.

PMID- 6822846
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein synthesized in vitro using messenger RNA from a
      human glioma cell line.
AB  - Messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from a continuous human glioma cell line grown in
      culture or as a solid tumor was translated in an mRNA-dependent reticulocyte
      lysate system. Translation products labeled with [35S]methionine were
      immunoprecipitated with antiserum specific for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA)
      protein, separated by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and analyzed fluorographically. Immunoprecipitates from both cell culture and
      tumor mRNA translations had a molecular weight of 49,000 daltons, consistent with
      GFA protein extracted from human tissue. In two dimensions, the 49,000-dalton
      band resolved into two to three spots at pH 5.7-5.9, the isoelectric point of GFA
      protein. Minor lower molecular weight products were detected in fluorographs of
      heavily overloaded gels or in film exposed for extended periods of time. These
      data indicate that the GFA protein produced by this glioma cell line is
      chemically and immunologically similar to normal human GFA protein, which
      suggests that the primary phenotypic expression of GFA protein in this tumor cell
      line is not altered by the neoplastic process.

PMID- 6822848
TI  - Organized behavioral responses to lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation in
      infant rats.
AB  - Brief trains of electrical stimulation (500 msec) were administered to 3-, 6-, 10
      , and 15-day-old rat pups through electrodes directed at the medical forebrain
      bundle (MFB) at the level of the lateral hypothalamus. Stimulation was given at
      three different frequencies: once per 30 sec, once per 20 sec, and once per 10
      sec. Pups 10 days of age and younger became behaviorally activated by stimulation
      and reliably emitted a series of behavioral responses including mouthing,
      licking, pawing, gaping, probing, and stretch and lordosis responses. Behavior
      increased with increasing frequency of stimulation and became more organized with
      age. Sequences of organized behavior patterns are elicited by MFB stimulation
      which in their culmination take on the characteristics of motivational responses.
      Fifteen-day-old pups did not respond to these stimulation parameters. These
      findings indicate that the components of motivational systems are present and can
      be elicited at an early age. As development progresses, responses become more
      organized until stimulation parameters effective in rats 3 to 10 days of age
      become ineffective in activating behavior in day 15 pups.

PMID- 6822850
TI  - Response of neurons in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to moving bars of
      different length.
AB  - It is well recognized that in the visual cortex of the cat, some of the cells
      (hypercomplex) are sharply tuned for the length of a bar moving backwards and
      forwards across their receptive fields. Other cells (simple) exhibit no such
      tuning but appear to respond proportionately over a range of bar lengths. The
      tuning seen in hypercomplex cells is already observable to a lesser degree in
      retinal ganglion cells. Our experiments were carried out to determine the extent
      of this tuning in the lateral geniculate nucleus, which relays information from
      the retina to the cortex. Results show that geniculate cells have tuning
      properties intermediate between those of ganglion cells and hypercomplex cells.
      By adding together a linear array of geniculate cells, it is possible to model
      the characteristics of a simple cell and to demonstrate that while an elongated
      bar gives a minimal response in hypercomplex cells, it should have little effect
      on the response of simple cells.

PMID- 6822849
TI  - Metabolism of acetylcholine receptors on embryonic amphibian muscle.
AB  - The functional properties of acetylcholine receptors are altered during the
      development of Xenopus myotomal muscle. A similar change also occurs in
      dissociated cell cultures of embryonic myotomal muscle. Metabolism of
      acetylcholine receptors was examined in order to ascertain whether the turnover
      rate changed at a time when the functional changes were detected. Incorporation
      of newly synthesized receptors occurred at a constant rate over a 24-hr period.
      The degradation of receptors followed first order kinetics with a half-life of 52
      hr. Incorporation and degradation occurred at approximately equal rates such that
      1 to 1.5% of the total receptor number was replaced every hour at equilibrium.
      Addition of neural tube cells to muscle cell culture, which altered the
      functional properties of channels, had no effect on either the incorporation or
      the degradation rate. We conclude that the changes in the functional properties
      of receptors occur independent of changes in the turnover rate of receptors.

PMID- 6822851
TI  - Loss of axons in the cat optic nerve following fetal unilateral enucleation: an
      electron microscopic analysis.
AB  - Between the 48th day of gestation (E-48) and maturity, the number of axons in the
      cat optic nerve is reduced by approximately 50%. On the basis of an electron
      microscopic assay, the axon population of the E-48 nerve was estimated to be
      328,000. In contrast, estimates from two normal adults were 159,000 and 158,000.
      In utero unilateral enucleation (at E-45 and E-46) attenuated the severity of
      this loss since the optic nerves of the experimental animals contained 200,000
      and 198,000 fibers. These results indicate that prenatal binocular competition is
      involved in the elimination of ganglion cell axons during the normal development
      of the cat's visual system. The increased number of axons in the optic nerve of
      the prenatally enucleated animals could be due to reduced ganglion cell death or
      a failure to retract supernumerary axon collaterals. It is suggested that the
      former explanation is more consistent with what is currently known about the
      development of retinofugal projections.

PMID- 6822853
TI  - Regulation of synaptic position, size, and strength in anuran skeletal muscle.
AB  - An analysis of the physiology, morphology, and position of endplates on
      identified fibers in the Xenopus laevis pectoralis muscle has revealed the
      following. 1. The percentage of fibers with one endplate is lower in large
      muscles, and within the same muscle, singly innervated fibers are smaller than
      dually innervated fibers. 2. Single junctions tend to be stronger than junctions
      on dually innervated fibers. 3. Single junctions typically are located near the
      middle of their fibers, while the endplates on dually innervated fibers are
      located toward either end and usually are separated by at least 20% of the total
      fiber length. A significant proportion of dually innervated fibers appears to be
      innervated by the same axon at both junctions. 4. Junctions on the same dually
      innervated fiber tend to be more similar in length than do junctions on different
      fibers of the same input resistance. This observation is the same whether both
      junctions on a given fiber are formed by the same or different axons. There is no
      corresponding tendency for greater similarity in physiological strength of paired
      junctions, which frequently show large differences in endplate potential
      amplitude. 5. The total terminal length on dually innervated fibers of equivalent
      input resistance is inversely correlated with the mean release per unit length
      and total release of both junctions. There is no apparent correlation between the
      distance separating endplates and their strength or length. The data support a
      model of synaptic regulation in which nerve terminals are attracted, grow, and
      are maintained in proportion to the amount of a substance supplied by muscle
      fibers. Our findings suggest that such a substance is produced or distributed
      uniformly throughout each fiber in amounts proportional to the fiber size and
      inversely proportional to the total transmitter output of all junctions
      innervating the fiber. A form of competitive interaction between the terminals
      which helps to determine synaptic spacing may involve local depletion or
      inactivation of this substance.

PMID- 6822854
TI  - Alterations in polyribosomes associated with dendritic spines during the
      reinnervation of the dentate gyrus of the adult rat.

PMID- 6822855
TI  - Neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus, substantia
      innominata, and lateral preoptic-lateral hypothalamic area: an anatomical and
      electrophysiological investigation in the rat.
AB  - The anatomical organization and electrophysiological characteristics of a
      projection from the nucleus accumbens to anteroventral parts of the globus
      pallidus and to a subpallidal region that includes the substantia innominata
      (SI), the lateral preoptic area (LPO), and anterior parts of the lateral
      hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in the rat. Autoradiographic
      experiments, with injections of 3H-proline into different sites in the nucleus
      accumbens and adjacent caudoputamen, indicate that the descending fibers are
      organized topographically along both mediolateral and dorsoventral gradients,
      although labeled fibers from adjacent regions of the nucleus accumbens overlap
      considerably in the ventral globus pallidus and subpallidal region. Injections
      confined to the caudoputaman only labeled fibers in the globus pallidus.
      Retrograde transport experiments with the marker true blue confirmed that only
      the nucleus accumbens projects to the subpallidal region and that the
      caudoputamen projects upon the glubus pallidus in a topographically organized
      manner. In electrophysiological recording experiments single pulse stimulation
      (0.1 to 0.7 mA; 0.15 msec duration) of the nucleus accumbens changed the
      discharge rate of single neurons in the ventral globus pallidus and in the SI,
      LPO, and LHA. Typically, the responses were inhibition of neuronal discharge with
      latencies of 6 to 18 msec. Single pulse stimulation of the dorsolateral
      caudoputamen altered the discharge rate of single neurons in dorsal regions of
      the globus pallidus, with inhibition being the most frequently observed response.
      The results of these anatomical and electrophysiological experiments are
      complementary and indicate that fibers from the nucleus accumbens innervate the
      anteroventral region of the globus pallidus as well as the subpallidal region,
      while most fibers of the caudoputamen innervate the globus pallidus but not the
      subpallidal region. It appears, therefore, that these two components of the
      striatum have different output connections. The possible functional significance
      of these findings is discussed in relation to the projections of the subpallidal
      region, which may include an output to the mesencephalic locomotor region, and in
      relation to the nucleus accumbens afferents from the amygdala and hippocampal
      formation.

PMID- 6822852
TI  - Modification of retrograde degeneration in transected spinal axons of the lamprey
      by applied DC current.
AB  - In the spinal cord of the lamprey, regeneration of giant reticulospinal axons
      occurs following transection. We show that partial degeneration of the proximal
      axonal segment, or "die-back," also occurs following spinal transection and it
      precedes regenerative outgrowth. The die-back during the first 5 days post
      transection is reduced significantly by application of a 10-microA DC current
      across the site of transection, with the cathode distal to the lesion. Reversing
      the polarity of the applied current (cathode proximal to the lesion) increases
      the extent of axonal die-back relative to the sham-treated controls. Following
      spinal transection, saline-filled wick electrodes were implanted in the body
      musculature on either side of the lesion. Electrically treated animals received
      current across the lesion for 5 days, while the sham-treated controls received no
      current. After 5 days, several giant axons in each preparation were injected
      intracellularly in the spinal cord with the dye Lucifer Yellow. The extent of
      axonal die-back in the proximal cord stump was determined in the filled fibers by
      measuring the distance of the axon end from the site of lesion. The mean
      distances of axonal die-back were as follows: controls, 1750 microns +/- 45 SEM;
      cathode-distal, 740 microns +/- 33 SEM; cathode-proximal, 2820 microns +/- 60
      SEM. These differences between the treatment groups proved to be significant
      using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. We propose that die-back is caused by the entry
      of cations driven into the cut surface of the cord by the endogenous injury
      current. The applied DC current interacts with the endogenous current of injury
      to either decrease or increase the flow of cations into the cord, depending on
      the direction of applied current flow across the lesion. This in turn causes a
      corresponding reduction or enhancement of the axonal die-back.

PMID- 6822857
TI  - Rapid lateral diffusion of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors in the
      developing muscle membrane of Xenopus tadpole.
AB  - We have studied the lateral diffusion of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the
      extrajunctional region of developing myotomal muscle cell membrane of Xenopus
      tadpoles by a technique of local inactivation. The myotomal muscle cell surfaces
      of Xenopus tadpoles were exposed to external solution by gently removing the skin
      of the tail. The density of ACh receptors was monitored by membrane
      depolarizations in response to iontophoretically applied pulses of ACh. A pulse
      of alpha-bungarotoxin was pressure ejected onto the exposed fiber surface,
      resulting in a rapid local inactivation of the ACh receptors. With time, the
      functional ACh receptors diffused into the region of inactivation, producing a
      recovery of ACh response. That the observed recovery of ACh sensitivity is due to
      diffusion of ACh receptors from the unexposed undersurface of the fiber to the
      inactivated region was evidenced by the following: (1) no recovery was observed
      following prolonged toxin application; (2) pretreatment of the muscle cells with
      concanavalin A, which cross-links and immobilizes ACh receptors, prevented
      recovery; (3) mapping of ACh response along the muscle cell axis showed that the
      recovery cannot be accounted for by diffusion along the longitudinal axis of the
      fiber; and (4) the diffusion coefficients observed after scaling the recovery
      rate with fiber radius fell within a small range (1.5 to 4.0 X 10(-9) cm2/sec),
      consistent with diffusion of ACh receptors around the fiber circumference. This
      finding of rapid lateral diffusion within developing tadpole myotomal muscle
      membrane supports the notion that the localization of ACh receptors induced by
      innervation could be achieved by a "diffusion-trap" mechanism where the nerve
      contact region serves as a trap for rapidly diffusing receptors in the membrane.

PMID- 6822858
TI  - Strychnine blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons.
AB  - The present study seeks to identify neurotransmitters mediating binaural
      inhibition in lateral superior olivary nucleus neurons. Neurons in this auditory
      structure receive inputs from both ears and are thought to code for localization
      of sound in space. Iontophoretic application of glycine during monaural
      stimulation was found to mimic the inhibition observed with binaural stimulation.
      Binaural inhibition was blocked by application of the glycine receptor
      antagonist, strychnine, as were the effects of iontophoretic application of
      glycine. The post-strychnine recovery time course for return of synaptically
      mediated binaural inhibition and recovery of the effects of iontophoretic glycine
      application were identical. Although the superior olivary complex (SOC) neurons
      displaying binaural inhibition could in some cases be inhibited by GABA, the
      binaural inhibition rarely was blocked by iontophoretic application of the GABA
      receptor antagonist, bicuculline. These findings suggest that glycine may be a
      neurotransmitter mediating binaural inhibition in certain SOC neurons and that
      the projection to the lateral superior olivary nucleus from the medial nucleus of
      the trapezoid body may be glycinergic.

PMID- 6822859
TI  - Pathfinding by neuronal growth cones in grasshopper embryos. II. Selective
      fasciculation onto specific axonal pathways.
AB  - In the previous paper (Raper, J.A., M. Bastiani, and C.S. Goodman (1983) J.
      Neurosci. 3:20-30) we showed that the growth cones of two sibling neurons, the G
      and C cells, follow the same route in the developing grasshopper neuropil until
      they reach a stereotypic choice point. Here their growth cones diverge from each
      other as G turns and extends anteriorly and C turns and extends posteriorly. In
      this paper we show that the G and C growth cones fasciculate and extend in
      opposite directions upon a specific bundle of four axons. This occurs even though
      many other axons are within filopodial reach of the G and C growth cones. We
      identified the four neurons (the A1, A2, P1, and P2 cells) whose axons form the
      bundle that G and C extend upon by filling individual axons with Lucifer Yellow
      and viewing the filled cells in living embryos and by filling individual neurons
      with HRP and reconstructing the axon bundle from electron micrographs. The G
      neuron extends anteriorly in the bundle containing these four axons; the C neuron
      extends posteriorly in the same bundle only after several other axons have joined
      in. These results suggest that the growth cones of the G and C neurons are
      determined to recognize and extend upon labeled axons, leading us to propose the
      "labeled pathways" hypothesis.

PMID- 6822860
TI  - Control of intercellular communication by voltage dependence of gap junctional
      conductance.
AB  - The junctional conductance between coupled amphibian blastomeres exhibits a high
      degree of voltage dependence, as previously described in voltage clamp studies
      (Spray, D.C., A.L. Harris, and M.V.L. Bennett (1981) J. Gen. Physiol. 77: 77-95;
      Harris, A.L., D.C. Spray, and M.V.L. Bennett (1981) J. Gen. Physiol. 77: 95-117).
      The present study examines the properties which this voltage dependence confers
      on electrotonic coupling between cells. The effects of applied pulses and ramps
      of current are studied experimentally and are modeled by calculation. During
      sufficiently large current pulses applied to one cell of a pair, the cells
      uncouple and then recouple after termination of the pulses. Ramps of current
      applied to one of the cells can give voltage-current (V-I) relations with a
      region of hysteresis within which the cells are stably coupled or stably
      uncoupled depending on previous history. Intrinsically generated currents are
      able to cause bistability of coupling in the absence of externally applied
      current. Calculations from the parameters of junctional conductance defined under
      voltage clamp fully account for these findings and illustrate how junctional and
      nonjunctional conductances affect the V-I relations in the region of bistability.
      Recordings from several cells within a small group show that boundaries of
      intercellular communication can be altered by applied current, a finding that
      also can be accounted for by voltage dependence of junctional conductance. The
      "Appendix" examines quantitatively the criteria required for bistability of
      coupling and the relevance of bistability for intercellular signaling. The
      plasticity of coupling which the voltage dependence of junctional conductance
      confers on cells offers an intriguing mechanism by which patterns of
      intercellular communication could be determined and changed in developing
      tissues.

PMID- 6822856
TI  - Pathfinding by neuronal growth cones in grasshopper embryos. I. Divergent choices
      made by the growth cones of sibling neurons.
AB  - We are interested in how the growth cones of identified neurons navigate in the
      central nervous system of the grasshopper embryo. The behavior of identified
      growth cones was observed as a function of developmental time by (i) periodically
      removing embryos from synchronized clutches of eggs and (ii) filling identified
      neurons in the central nervous system with the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow. We
      examined the first six progeny of the identified neuronal precursor cell,
      neuroblast 7-4: the Q1, Q2, G, C, Q5, and Q6 neurons. Their growth cones extend
      sequentially upon the same route across the midline of the posterior commissure
      of the developing ganglionic neuropil. However, after reaching the contralateral
      side of the neuropil, their growth cones diverge from each other at reproducible,
      cell-specific choice points. By focusing our attention on one such choice point,
      at which the growth cone of the G neuron turns anteriorly while the growth cone
      of its sibling C neuron turns posteriorly, we hope to elucidate the environmental
      cues which guide individual growth cones.

PMID- 6822861
TI  - Denervation-induced decrease in mitochondrial calcium transport in rat
      hippocampus.
AB  - Calcium accumulation by mitochondria and the activity and in vitro
      phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase were measured in control and partially
      denervated hippocampus. Calcium uptake was measured with a calcium-sensitive
      electrode and 45Ca2+ accumulation; both methods indicated that lesions of the
      entorhinal cortex produced a sizable reduction of calcium transport when
      mitochondria were fueled with pyruvate while much smaller changes were observed
      using succinate or ATP as energy sources. The decrease in calcium transport was
      evident by 24 hr after the lesion and was still present 6 months later. Synaptic
      and nonsynaptic mitochondria were similarly affected by the lesions. The activity
      and in vitro phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase were also significantly
      reduced following lesions of the entorhinal cortex, suggesting that denervation
      altered the endogenous state of phosphorylation of the mitochondrial enzyme.
      Commissural lesions but not septal lesions also resulted in a decrease in
      mitochondrial calcium transport when mitochondria were fueled with pyruvate.
      These findings suggest that denervation disturbs mitochondrial regulation of free
      calcium via an action on enzymes which regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase
      phosphorylation and activity. The potential relationship of this effect to
      degenerative changes associated with deafferentation and certain disease states
      is discussed.

PMID- 6822862
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in relation
      to synapses on chick ciliary ganglion neurons.
AB  - The distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on chick ciliary ganglion
      neurons was examined at the ultrastructural level by incubating ganglia with
      horseradish peroxidase-conjugated toxin and examining the peroxidase-stained and
      thin-sectioned ganglia with the electron microscope. Both in embryonic and in
      adult ganglia heavy labeling was restricted to the surface membrane of short
      processes emerging from the ciliary and choroid cell somata in the region of
      preganglionic innervation. Less dense labeling occasionally was present on the
      smooth surface membrane of the soma in the same region. In contrast, the pre- and
      postsynaptic membranes of most synapses were clearly not labeled even in the
      immediate vicinity of heavily labeled processes. The labeling represented
      specific binding of the toxin conjugate since it could be prevented by d
      tubocurarine and hexamethonium or by unconjugated toxin. The conjugated toxin was
      not excluded from the synaptic cleft on the basis of size because a substantially
      larger protein conjugate, a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody,
      was able to enter the cleft and heavily label synaptic membranes as well as soma
      membranes. Even neurons in adult ganglia had very little synaptic labeling after
      exposure to the conjugated toxin. These results strongly suggest that the high
      affinity alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on chick ciliary ganglion neurons are
      different from the synaptic ACh receptors which would be expected to be
      concentrated in the postsynaptic membrane. Clustering of the alpha-bungarotoxin
      binding sites in the vicinity of synapses, however, may reflect a related
      synaptic function.

PMID- 6822863
TI  - alpha-Bungarotoxin labeling and acetylcholinesterase localization at the Mauthner
      fiber giant synapse in the hatchetfish.
AB  - Autoradiographic and histochemical techniques have been used to characterize
      further the pharmacology of transmission at the Mauthner fiber giant synapse of
      the South American hatchetfish. [125I]alpha-Bungarotoxin was applied to
      hatchetfish medullae and a standard autoradiographic procedure was carried out on
      3- to 4-microns sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. All Mauthner fiber giant
      synapses, as identified by light microscopic criteria, had closely associated
      silver grains. Labeling was blocked by d-tubocurarine. Glutaraldehyde-fixed
      slices of hatchetfish medulla were stained histochemically for
      acetylcholinesterase; all giant synapses that could be identified in the light
      microscope showed heavy deposits of reaction product. Staining was blocked by
      diisopropyl-fluorophosphate, which inhibits both pseudocholinesterase and
      acetylcholinesterase, but was not blocked by tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide, a
      specific pseudocholinesterase inhibitor. This evidence strongly supports the
      suggestion that the Mauthner fiber giant synapse is nicotinic cholinergic.

PMID- 6822864
TI  - Effects of spinal tractotomy on spatial sequence recognition in macaques.
AB  - Five Macaca speciosa monkeys were trained to discriminate between the order of
      two tactile stimulus presentations (proximal-distal vs. distal-proximal) to the
      lateral calf. Psychophysical thresholds for tactile sequence recognition were
      obtained by varying the distance between the spots stimulated. Stabilized
      preoperative thresholds for stimulation on the lateral calf averaged 10.4 mm,
      which is comparable to point localization thresholds for sequential contact of
      the proximal limbs of humans. Complete interruption of the ipsilateral fasciculus
      gracilis produced elevations of thresholds within the first 3 postoperative weeks
      to an average of 3.6 times the control values. With training over 6 postoperative
      months, normal discrimination recovered. In contrast to the effects of dorsal
      column (DC) lesions, interruption of the lateral and ventral columns
      ipsilaterally or contralaterally produced no deficit or a mild and transient
      deficit. Monkeys with isolation of either the ipsilateral dorsolateral column
      (ILC) or the contralateral ventral quadrant (CVQ) exhibited substantial and
      enduring deficits. Thresholds were elevated an average of 5 times the control
      values, and recovery was not observed or was incomplete after months of training.
      In contrast, isolation of the ipsilateral dorsal column produced little or no
      threshold elevation. The results of isolating lesions complement the series of
      primary lesions to each cord sector, showing that spatiotactile sequence
      recognition for the hindlimb is served more critically by the dorsal columns than
      by the lateral columns.

PMID- 6822865
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of supernumerary cercal afferents in crickets:
      implications for pattern formation.
AB  - The afferent projection of supernumerary sensory neurons was examined in the
      cricket cercal sensory system. When a right cercus was exchanged for a left
      cercus the growth of supernumerary cerci was induced. The supernumerary cerci
      which formed tended to appear medial and/or lateral in a simple left leads to
      right exchange and were always right handed. Distal to the region where
      transplant and supernumerary meet, receptors on the supernumerary structure
      appear in a recognizable pattern typical of control cerci, and individual
      receptors homologous in position to control receptors could be identified. The
      supernumerary neurons associated with these identified receptors projected to the
      same area of neuropil as their homologs and thus uniquely identified neurons by
      all of the usual criteria were produced by the regeneration process. When the
      response properties of one postsynaptic neuron were examined it was shown that
      supernumerary afferents innervated it in a normal manner. The supernumerary
      neurons provide tests of various hypotheses for the assembly of ordered afferent
      projections. First, their axon trajectories are often atypical, but the terminal
      arbors grow into their proper areas in spite of this. Thus axon trajectory can be
      uncoupled from target area and is therefore unlikely to be a decisive factor in
      growth of the arbor. Second, supernumerary neurons are born later in development
      than their control homologs but their aroborizations are completely normal,
      adding to the existing evidence against a timing mechanism in the assembly of
      this afferent projection. Third, supernumerary neurons share target regions with
      their homologs, indicating a lack of competitive interactions. The most
      economical hypothesis to explain the precise mapping between the cercus and CNS
      holds that one step in the differentiation of insect sensory neurons is position
      dependent and that this step determines the choice of a target region within the
      CNS.

PMID- 6822866
TI  - Absence of [125I] alpha-bungarotoxin binding to motor nerve terminals of frog,
      lizard and mouse muscle.
AB  - The existence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the motor nerve
      terminals of vertebrates has long been controversial. We have re-examined this
      issue by electron microscope autoradiography with [125I] alpha-bungarotoxin,
      following separation of nerve terminals from muscle fibers by collagenase and
      protease treatment. We found no label over nerve terminal membranes other than
      that due to background, and we calculate upper limits of less than 0.1% of the
      postsynaptic AChR density for nerve terminals in frogs, lizards, and mice. We
      conclude that there are essentially no presynaptic acetylcholine receptors that
      bind alpha-bungarotoxin at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions.

PMID- 6822868
TI  - Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity and gamma-[3H] aminobutyric acid
      accumulation within the same neurons in dissociated cell cultures of cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - In order to evaluate the reliability of high affinity [3H]GABA accumulation as a
      marker for GABAergic neurons, murine cerebral cortical neurons were studied in
      dissociated cell culture. Cultures which had been incubated in [3H]GABA were
      stained immunohistochemically for the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate
      decarboxylase, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and subsequently processed for
      radioautography. In mature cultures, there was an 84 to 94% correlation between
      the presence of the enzyme and [3H]GABA uptake within the same cortical neurons.
      These data provide direct evidence that those neurons which synthesize GABA are
      the same neurons which are labeled by high affinity [3H]GABA uptake.

PMID- 6822867
TI  - Occurrence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in wild type and cholinergic
      mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 6822869
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of dendritic spines in the rat neostriatum.
AB  - Dendritic spines of rat neostriatal neurons were examined by light microscopy and
      high voltage stereo electron microscopy (HVEM) following selective staining by
      intracellular microinjection of horseradish peroxidase. Conventionally prepared
      material also was used for quantitative analysis of dendritic spines from serial
      thin sections of neostriatum. Stereo electron microscopy of semithin sections
      from rat neostriatum fixed using a protocol designed to preserve cytoskeletal
      integrity was employed to examine the organization of the dendritic spine
      cytoplasm. Light microscopic and HVEM examination of spiny dendrites and
      quantitative analysis of serial thin sections from normal material revealed no
      distinct spine types but rather continuous and independent variation of spine
      head diameter, stalk diameter, and stalk length. Likewise, there was no
      systematic relationship between any of these spine dimensions and dendritic
      diameter. Spine head membrane surface area was directly related to the area of
      the synaptic junctional membrane of the spine head. In semithin sections, the
      cytoplasm of the spine contained membranous saccules of spine apparatus and a
      delicate cytoskeletal network composed of microfilaments and a set of finer and
      more variable cytoskeletal filaments. It is proposed that this cytoskeletal
      network together with the spine apparatus is responsible for the maintenance and
      alteration of spine shape and in this way controls the effectiveness of
      axospinous synapses.

PMID- 6822870
TI  - Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system. I. Complete
      Demasculinization of the male rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus using the
      anti-androgen flutamide.
AB  - Prenatal treatment of male rats with the anti-androgen, flutamide (FL),
      demasculinizes the sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB)
      by reducing the number of SNB neurons, the size of the somas and nuclei of SNB
      neurons, and the size of their target muscles in adulthood. However, FL does not
      affect mounting or the traditional, postural measure of intromission, indicating
      that the SNB system does not play a major role in the mediation of these
      particular behaviors. Postnatal testosterone propionate (TP) treatment of male
      rats castrated on the day of birth results in more male copulatory behaviors in
      adulthood and masculinizes all measures of the SNB system. The postnatal
      masculinization by TP is more pronounced in males treated prenatally with FL, for
      morphological but not behavioral measures. The combined treatment of prenatal FL
      and day 1 castration without TP therapy results in a male with a completely
      demasculinized SNB system. Specifically, such males have SNB neurons that are as
      scarce and as small as those of females and, like females, they lack the target
      muscles of the SNB. These results support the hypothesis that perinatal androgens
      normally direct the sexually dimorphic development of the SNB and its target
      muscles.

PMID- 6822871
TI  - Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system. II. Sensitive periods for
      the androgen-induced masculinization of the rat spinal nucleus of the
      bulbocavernosus.
AB  - The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and its target muscles are
      reduced or absent in normal female rats (Breedlove, S. M., and A. P. Arnold
      (1980) Science 210: 564-566). We now report that prenatal treatment of females
      with testosterone propionate (TP) significantly increases the number of SNB
      neurons found in adulthood. Dihydrotesterone propionate (DHTP) treatment just
      after but not before birth also masculinizes the number of SNB neurons in
      females. SNB soma size is significantly masculinized, i.e., enlarged, by
      administration of androgen prenatally or as late as 7 to 11 days after birth,
      even though this late postnatal treatment has no effect on the number of SNB
      cells. Following TP treatment in adulthood, the androgenized females did not
      display the postural correlates of male copulatory behavior more often than did
      control females. From these results we infer the following. (1) Androgens act
      both before and after birth to influence the sexually dimorphic development of
      the SNB system. (2) There are different sensitive periods for the masculinization
      of SNB neuronal number and neuronal size, indicating that these two dimorphic
      characteristics of the SNB are masculinized by somewhat independent mechanisms.
      (3) TP and DHTP may act via separate mechanisms to alter the number of SNB
      neurons. (4) Aromatized metabolites of testosterone are not necessary for
      masculinization of the SNB system. (5) Virilization of the SNB system does not
      ensure the masculinization of the traditionally defined measures of male
      copulatory behavior in rodents.

PMID- 6822872
TI  - The exercise renogram. A new approach documents renal involvement in systemic
      hypertension.
AB  - Hippurate functional scintiscans were obtained in 51 hypertensive patients and in
      15 controls. We investigated the influence that posture and exercise have on
      hippurate kinetics in patients with hypertension. A posture- or exercise-induced
      disturbance of renal hippurate transport was sought. All persons were examined in
      prone and standing positions, as well as during exercise. When prone and upright
      renograms were compared, 24% of the hypertensives demonstrated bilateral
      orthostatic renal dysfunction. Exercise caused the hippurate transport
      disturbance to increase. Fifty-seven percent of all hypertensives developed
      evidence of marked, bilateral, renal dysfunction during ergometric stress, so
      that exercise renography was shown to be a more sensitive test of the presence of
      transient tubular dysfunction in hypertension than the standing renogram. In
      normotensive controls the hippurate functional scintigram failed to be influenced
      by posture and exercise. The results suggest presence in hypertension of
      transient, posture- and exercise-mediated alterations of renal cortical blood
      flow.

PMID- 6822873
TI  - Predicting the cure of osteomyelitis under treatment: concise communication.
AB  - The right tibias of sixty-six rabbits were injected with a suspension of
      Staphylococcus aureus and sodium morrhuate. After four weeks, 43 rabbits
      developed osteomyelitis and were started on a course of antibiotics. During
      treatment a gallium-67 scintigram was obtained every two weeks, for up to 10
      weeks. During the treatment weeks, 25 rabbits developed negative gallium-67
      scintigrams and were killed. All 25 had negative bacteriologic cultures of the
      right tibia. At the end of 10 wk after start of treatment, the 18 rabbits with
      persistently positive scintigrams were killed. Eleven of these had positive
      bacteriologic cultures of the tibia, and seven were negative. The findings
      suggest that sequential gallium-67 scintigrams may be useful in predicting the
      cure of osteomyelitis during treatment.

PMID- 6822874
TI  - Failure of uptake of radiocolloid by the femoral heads: a diagnostic problem:
      concise communication.
AB  - One hundred six patients had the area of the femoral head scintigraphed after
      completion of a Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver scan. In 47 (45%), there was no
      visible activity in the femoral heads. This was somewhat age-related. All six
      individuals in the 11- to 19-yr age group showed femoral-head uptake of
      radiocolloid, but only 37% of those 70 to 79 yr old revealed such accumulation.
      The finding that less than one half of adults had uptake of radiocolloid in the
      femoral heads was consistent with results of three smaller series of patients
      (larger dose of radiocolloid, use of a different preparation of sulfur colloid,
      and use of In-III chloride). We conclude that not all adults take up radiocolloid
      in the femoral heads, and that lack of such uptake is not necessarily abnormal.
      Use of radiocolloid accumulation to gauge femoral-head vascularity may be more
      limited than previously appreciated, although right-left asymmetry might be of
      some diagnostic assistance.

PMID- 6822875
TI  - Imaging of melanoma with L-131-labeled monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies and Fab fragments specific for p97, a melanoma
      associated antigen, were used to image metastatic human melanoma. Preclinical
      studies in athymic mice showed antigen-specific uptake in melanoma xenografts,
      and toxicity tests in rabbits gave no evidence for tissue damage after injection
      of up to 100 times the amount of antibody used in humans. Six patients received 1
      mg labeled antibody, and one patient received 1 mg of labeled Fab. No. toxic side
      effects were observed. All of the six patients had positive scans, visualizing 22
      of 25 (88%) of lesions larger than 1.5 cm. In tumors from two patients, greater
      uptake of p97-specific, versus control IgG and Fab, respectively, was documented
      by biopsy. Antibodies to mouse immunoglobulin appeared in three patients
      receiving 1 mg or more of radiolabeled mouse antibody.

PMID- 6822878
TI  - External imaging of human atherosclerosis.
AB  - Autologous plasma low-density lipoproteins labeled with I-125 were used as a
      tracer to identify atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries of the neck.
      Following intravenous injection of I-125-LDL, images were made at intervals from
      6 to 36 hr with the gamma camera in three patients with known carotid disease and
      one control subject. The carotid lesions, confirmed by angiography, were imaged
      successfully in all three patients, whereas no focal LDL accumulation was visible
      in the carotid arteries of the control subject. The findings suggest that it may
      be possible to image atherosclerosis externally and thus to follow the course of
      the disease.

PMID- 6822876
TI  - Noninvasive detection of coronary thrombi with In-111 platelets: concise
      communication.
AB  - The need for rapid, definitive identification of coronary thrombosis has been
      intensified by the advent of thrombolytic therapy and by interest in the role of
      thrombosis in the etiology of coronary artery disease. To determine whether
      platelet thrombi can be detected noninvasively with In-111 platelets, a method
      was developed in which Tc-99m-tagged red blood cells were used to correct for
      activity within the blood attributable to platelets circulating but not
      associated with thrombus. In 18 dogs coronary thrombi were induced closed-chest
      with a copper coil introduced into the coronary artery. Indium-111 platelets and
      Tc-99m RBCs were administered either before or 1 hr after induction of thrombus,
      and serial scintigrams obtained. Coronary thrombus was identified readily in the
      processed scintigrams. In six dogs, thrombolysis was achieved with intracoronary
      streptokinase. In each case serial scintigraphy demonstrated resolution of the
      clot. The dual radiotracer technique should permit serial noninvasive delineation
      of the temporal relationship between platelet deposition and coronary heart
      disease in patients, and should facilitate the evaluation of interventions
      designed to prevent platelet aggregation or to lyse existing thrombi.

PMID- 6822877
TI  - Radiotoxicity of thallium-201 in mouse testes: inadequacy of conventional
      dosimetry.
AB  - When TI-201 is concentrated in mouse testes, the low-energy Auger electrons
      following its electron-capture decay are found to be much more effective in
      causing loss of testicular weight and reduction of sperm heads than the energetic
      beta particles from similarly distributed TI-204. These results are contrary to
      expectations based on conventional dosimetry of tissue-incorporated
      radionuclides, and point to possible underestimation of risks by the currently
      adopted dosimetric procedures, especially in the case of radionuclides decaying
      by electron capture and internal conversion.

PMID- 6822879
TI  - "Biological dosimetry" of radionuclides and radiation hazards.

PMID- 6822880
TI  - Statistics for nuclear medicine. Part 2: Estimation from samples and t-tests.

PMID- 6822881
TI  - Tc-99m antibodies and staphylococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 6822882
TI  - Contributions of individual body tissues to nitrogen excretion in adult rats fed
      protein-deficient diets.
AB  - An attempt was made to estimate the contributions of various tissues to nitrogen
      (N) excretion in rats fed protein-free diet or 2 and 10% lactalbumin diets for 14
      to 31 days. The contributions were calculated as differences between the amounts
      of dietary N utilized for tissue protein and tissue growth. The amount of dietary
      N utilized for tissue protein was calculated from the recovery of 15N of orally
      administered [15N]leucine and N intake. The following results were obtained. 1)
      With a 10% protein diet, the contribution of tissues to N excretion was affected
      more by the turnover rates of individual tissues than by the size of the tissues,
      but with a protein-free diet the contribution was greatly affected by the size of
      the tissues. 2) With 2% lactalbumin diet, the contributions were not intermediate
      between those with protein-free diet and 10% lactalbumin diet: urinary N
      excretion was similar to that with protein-free diet in spite of the difference
      in N intake, probably mainly because the contribution of skeletal muscle was
      lower. 3) Differences in the dietary protein level affected the utilization of
      dietary protein only a little, but influenced body protein metabolism very much.

PMID- 6822885
TI  - Comparison of hemoglobin values in black and white male U.S. military personnel.
AB  - Black and white male military personnel were studied to determine if hemoglobin
      (Hb) differences existed between the two groups, and if so, whether they were due
      to dissimilar nutrient intakes or to different patterns of vitamin and mineral
      self-therapy. Data analyses showed that black males (n = 331) had a 0.27 g/dl
      lower mean Hb than white males (n = 2268, P = 0.006). However, when only black (n
      = 60) and white (n = 371) subjects with known iron intakes at or above the
      recommended level were compared, the differences in the Hb of the two groups
      became smaller. The serum ferritin values of both of the latter groups appeared
      adequate for unimpaired Hb synthesis. The use of vitamin and mineral supplements
      did not differ significantly between the two groups. Adequate intakes of the
      hemopoietic nutrients resulted in higher Hb levels for both black and white
      males; at these levels of nutrient intakes the differences in the Hb values of
      black and white subjects were smaller than those previously reported. Studies
      comparing the Hb levels of black and white personnel should consider the level of
      iron intake of the two groups before drawing conclusions about the magnitude and
      implications of observed differences in Hb concentrations.

PMID- 6822883
TI  - Tissue distribution of methylcobalamin in rats fed amino acid-defined, methyl
      deficient diets.
AB  - Total cobalamin and methylcobalamin levels were determined in tissues of male
      F344 rats fed a complete, amino acid-defined diet or a diet deficient in
      methionine, choline and/or cyanocobalamin. Total cobalamin levels in rats fed the
      complete diet were (picograms/milligram tissue +/- SEM): liver, 67 +/- 13;
      kidneys, 738 +/- 133; spleen, 23 +/- 2; and adrenals, 268 +/- 36. Corresponding
      methylcobalamin levels were: liver, 1.6 +/- 0.5; kidneys, 107.6 +/- 22.2; spleen,
      0.3 +/- 0.1; and adrenals, 26.9 +/- 5.3; these values represent 2.4, 14.5, 1.4
      and 9.7%, respectively, of the total cobalamin levels. Total cobalamin levels of
      all tissues studied were altered by cobalamin deprivation alone or in conjunction
      with methionine and/or choline deprivation. Methylcobalamin levels were more
      resistant to dietary alteration. Regardless of the presence or absence of
      methionine and cobalamin in the diet, choline deprivation always decreased the
      proportion of methylcobalamin in the liver. Kidney levels of methylcobalamin,
      like those of total cobalamin, were decreased by removal of cobalamin from the
      complete or the methyl-deficient diets. The results demonstrate that cobalamin,
      methionine and choline exert quite different effects on tissue levels of the
      cobalamins in rats.

PMID- 6822884
TI  - Energy and nitrogen balances in young pigs maintained at constant weight with
      diets of differing protein content.
AB  - Pigs of 7 kg were fed diets containing 25% (diet 25), 8% (diet 8) or 2.5% (diet
      2) protein per kilogram in quantities sufficient to maintain constant body weight
      for 42 days. Another group was fed diet 25, but these animals were pair-fed to
      animals fed diet 2. The average daily metabolizable energy required for weight
      stasis by the pigs fed diet 2 was nearly twice as great as that taken by pigs fed
      diet 25. The lipid content of the pigs was approximately 107 g/kg at the start
      and at the end of 42 days was 195 g/kg in pigs fed diet 2, 75 g/kg in pigs fed
      diet 8 and only 11 g/kg in pigs fed diet 25. The gains or losses of body energy
      computed from the changes in body N and lipid agreed well with those estimated
      directly by bomb calorimetry of carcass samples. Taken as a whole, the results do
      not support the suggestion that diets extremely low in protein elicit an increase
      in heat production greatly in excess of that expected from the results of
      calorimetric studies with animals fed conventional diets.

PMID- 6822890
TI  - Effect of zinc deficiency on appetite and free amino acid concentrations in rat
      brain.
AB  - Brain amino acids were measured in 30-day-old male Long-Evans rats subsequent to
      feeding a 20% egg white biotin-enriched zinc-deficient diet for 9 days. The zinc
      deficient (ZD) group was given distilled deionized water. Zinc-supplemented
      control groups included pair-fed (PF), ad libitum-fed (AL) and ad libitum-fed,
      overnight fasted (OF) animals. Brain tyrosine concentrations and related amino
      acid ratios tended to be higher when food was consumed in all groups. Brain
      tryptophan concentrations and a brain amino acid ratio (glycine + serine +
      glutamine + taurine:leucine + isoleucine + valine + methionine) were not related
      to food intake in ZD rats in contrast to zinc-adequate controls. Also the brain
      ratio of tryptophan to the sum of large neutral amino acids minus tryptophan was
      not related to food intake in the ZD and AL-OF groups in contrast to the PF
      group. There were some differences in brain amino acid concentrations between ZD
      rats and the control groups; however, the pattern of the brain amino acids in ZD
      rats did not suggest that food intake was directly influenced by them.

PMID- 6822886
TI  - Eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed deficient or excess levels of
      manganese.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of
      duodenal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina infection on Mn toxicity or
      deficiency. Coccidiosis depressed gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Weight
      gain was depressed by 3000 mg/kg Mn, but not by 1500 mg/kg. Coccidiosis
      exacerbated Mn toxicity as assessed by hematological parameters; it also
      dramatically increased bone and bile Mn concentrations in chicks fed high levels
      of Mn. The increase in Mn absorption caused by coccidiosis resulted in a lower
      dietary requirement for Mn. In fact, the coccidial infection almost doubled the
      rate of Mn uptake by bone.

PMID- 6822887
TI  - Dietary ascorbic acid and resistance to experimental renal candidiasis.
AB  - Guinea pigs were maintained for various periods of time on low (0.5 mg/day),
      intermediate (20 mg/day), or high (100 and 500 mg/day) levels of dietary ascorbic
      acid. Animals in each experimental group were challenged with Candida albicans
      via cardiac injection, and the course of infection in the kidneys was assessed.
      The results show that the animals receiving only 0.5 mg of ascorbic acid per day
      were significantly more susceptible to the infection than animals maintained on
      any higher level of dietary ascorbic acid. The greater susceptibility of the
      guinea pigs in the 0.5-mg level group was evident, however, only during "early"
      stages of the infection (until about day 3). Guinea pigs receiving high levels of
      dietary ascorbic acid were no more resistant at any time after infection, or with
      any challenge dose, than those receiving an intermediate dietary level. Although
      these data suggest that vitamin C may be involved in resistance to candidiasis,
      tissue levels of ascorbic acid do not change significantly with time after
      infection. These results indicate that low levels of dietary ascorbic acid
      increase susceptibility to candidiasis, yet high (or "megadose") levels of
      dietary vitamin C do not show any effect on resistance to this microorganism.

PMID- 6822889
TI  - Changes of alveolar macrophages in protein-deficient rats.
AB  - Protein malnutrition was achieved by feeding female F344 rats a 5% casein diet
      for 7 weeks. At appropriate times, animals were killed and their alveolar
      macrophages (AM) were obtained by broncho-pulmonary lavage of the lung.
      Functional changes of AM were determined by measuring phagocytosis of latex
      beads, yeast cells or opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the ability to
      respond to a macrophage-activating factor (MAF) such as lymphokines. After 3
      weeks on a low casein diet, the number of AM was much lower than in rats on
      control diet, but the abilities of the AM to phagocytose latex and yeast cells
      were the same as those of controls. Phagocytosis of opsonized SRBC was higher
      than in control rats but could not be enhanced by in vitro treatment with MAF.
      The most striking ultrastructural feature of these AM was the abundance of finger
      like microvilli on the cell surface before phagocytosis; after ingestion of SRBC
      into phagocytic vacuoles there were only a few short microvilli on the surface.
      These data suggest that dietary protein malnutrition affects the number and
      phagocytic functions of AM responsible for host defense in the lung.

PMID- 6822888
TI  - Amino acid-enriched plasteins: a source of limiting amino acids for the weanling
      rat.
AB  - The biological availability to the weanling rat of two amino acid-enriched
      plasteins, tryptophan and methionine plastein, was tested. In both experiments
      rats were fed diets containing graded levels of the amino acid either in the free
      form or as the amino acid-enriched plastein. The first experiment tested the
      utilization of tryptophan plastein. The results as indicated by weight gain, food
      intake and plasma levels of tryptophan showed that the tryptophan in the plastein
      was utilized to the same extent as the free amino acid. Brain tryptophan levels
      correlated better with plasma Trp:neutral amino acid ratios (r = 0.83) than with
      plasma tryptophan itself (r = 0.63) suggesting that the small changes observed in
      plasma amino acid profiles were responsible for differences in the brain
      tryptophan concentrations among the L-tryptophan and tryptophan plastein groups.
      In the second experiment, utilization of methionine plastein was tested. Based on
      weight gain and food intake data, it was concluded that methionine plastein was
      also utilized to the same extent as free L-methionine.

PMID- 6822891
TI  - Platelet glutathione peroxidase activity as an index of selenium status in rats.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in platelets increased stepwise in selenium
      depleted rats that were repleted with graded levels of dietary sodium selenite.
      In a 3-phase depletion/repletion/depletion feeding study, glutathione peroxidase
      activity was similar in platelets and liver, which apparently contains the
      largest labile pool of selenium in the body. The activity of glutathione S
      transferase (selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase) in platelets was low
      and was not affected by selenium deficiency, even though hepatic transferase was
      markedly elevated in selenium-deficient rats. Vitamin E deficiency did not affect
      activities of glutathione peroxidase or glutathione S-transferase in platelets or
      liver. Determination of glutathione peroxidase activity in platelets apparently
      is a promising technique for assessing selenium status and, possibly, for
      measuring selenium bioavailability.

PMID- 6822892
TI  - Prior carbohydrate consumption affects the amount of carbohydrate that rats
      choose to eat.
AB  - Consumption of protein-rich, carbohydrate-restricted reducing diets has been
      associated anecdotally with an increased appetite for carbohydrate. We have
      tested the effect of such a diet on carbohydrate intake by rats. Rats were given
      either a calorie-restricted ketogenic diet containing protein and fat or a
      control diet containing carbohydrate along with the protein and fat. When allowed
      to choose from a pair of isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing 25 or 75%
      dextrin, ketotic rats ate significantly more carbohydrate and total food than
      control animals during the first 30 minutes of feeding, apparently requiring more
      of the carbohydrate to obtain an increase in brain tryptophan similar to
      controls. Ketotic rats ate a significantly higher proportion of total calories as
      carbohydrate. Similar results were obtained when sucrose replaced dextrin. When
      ketotic and control rats chose between two diets differing in proportions of fat
      or protein, no differences were observed between the groups in total food intake
      nor in the amounts or proportions of fat or protein eaten. We also compared the
      effects of a small, isocaloric premeal containing only carbohydrate (1.4 g
      dextrose) or mixed nutrients on subsequent carbohydrate consumption in otherwise
      untreated rats allowed to choose from 25 and 75% dextrin diets. Rats eating the
      carbohydrate premeal subsequently ate as much total food as the mixed-nutrient
      controls, but significantly less carbohydrate. These observations suggest that
      carbohydrate intake is influenced by prior nutrient consumption and that
      prolonged deprivation of carbohydrate can lead to overconsumption of this
      nutrient when it is reintroduced into the diet.

PMID- 6822893
TI  - Adaptation to underfeeding in growing rats. Effect of energy restriction at two
      dietary protein levels on growth, feed efficiency, basal metabolism and body
      composition.
AB  - Adaptation to a 50% restriction in energy at two levels of protein intake was
      studied in growing male and female rats. Growth was proportional to diet intake.
      The basal metabolic rate (BMR) (VO2/kilogram 0.75) was unaltered, whereas the
      percent fat deposited was reduced in diet-restricted rats at both 10% and 20%
      levels of protein. The percent of the total energy intake for tissue deposition
      was reduced in food-restricted groups to such an extent that the amount of energy
      available over what is required for tissue deposition was the same in all groups.
      The relationship between energy available for maintenance and that for BMR was
      low in diet-restricted groups. These observations suggest that growing rats adapt
      to low energy intake by reducing tissue deposition and by better utilization of
      energy for maintenance without reducing BMR. By lowering protein level in the
      diet feed efficiency is reduced in both diet-restricted groups and groups fed ad
      libitum.

PMID- 6822894
TI  - Tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl content and weight gain of rats as affected by
      dietary methionine level.
AB  - The effect of dietary methionine level on tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl content
      (NPSH) and weight gain was systematically evaluated in young adult rats
      (approximately 360 g) fed amino acid diets. In 28-day feeding experiments, weight
      gain and liver and skeletal muscle NPSH increased, but blood NPSH decreased as
      dietary methionine rose from 0 to 0.8%. The requirement for weight maintenance
      (0.2% methionine) did not sustain maximum liver and skeletal muscle NPSH, whereas
      the requirement for maximum weight gain (0.6% methionine) did. Maximum skeletal
      muscle NPSH was attained by 0.4% methionine and maximum liver NPSH by 0.5%
      methionine. In another experiment, diets containing 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6% methionine
      were fed for 1, 8, 29, and 50 days. Liver and skeletal muscle NPSH were lower,
      whereas blood NPSH was higher with the 0.4% methionine diet. These differences in
      NPSH were significant at all times for liver, at 8 days for skeletal muscle, and
      at 29 days for blood. Weight gain did not differ significantly among the groups
      at any time. In all experiments, weight gain was similar with 0.4 and 0.5%
      methionine even though liver NPSH was 40-50% higher with 0.5% methionine. The
      data suggest that tissue NPSH may serve as a cysteine reservoir and spare dietary
      sulfur-containing amino acids during marginal intake. Also, weight gain may be an
      unreliable measure of sulfur-containing amino acid needs under some
      circumstances.

PMID- 6822895
TI  - A metabolic comparison of cysteine and methionine supplements in the diet of a
      rat.
AB  - Adult male Long-Evans rats (250-300 g) were fed diets containing 15% of casein
      not supplemented with amino acids, supplemented with 0.505% cysteine or
      supplemented with 0.620% methionine for a period of 17 days. Rats fed the diets
      supplemented with cysteine had an increased incorporation of the 14C
      radioactivity from [U-14C]alanine into liver glycogen and a decreased
      incorporation from [U-14C]acetate into fatty acids. Pyruvate carboxylase activity
      was slightly increased and citrate cleavage enzyme activity decreased in the
      livers of those rats fed the diets supplemented with cysteine. Rats fed diets
      supplemented with methionine had a decreased liver phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase activity. Based on these data it appears that rats fed diets
      supplemented with cysteine adapt metabolically to store energy as glycogen, while
      those fed diets supplemented with methionine tend to store energy as lipid.

PMID- 6822896
TI  - Thermoregulation in young adult rats during short- and long-term protein
      malnutrition.
AB  - Energy metabolism and thermoregulation were evaluated in malnourished (6% casein
      diet) or control (25% casein diet) young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 1
      week offered the diet, malnourished animals showed a decreased body weight,
      oxygen consumption (VO2) expressed per unit of body mass [milliliters O2/(gram X
      hour)] or per unit body surface [milliliters O2/(kilograms body weight0.75 X
      minute)] and food intake when compared to control animals. Rectal temperature was
      unchanged while ear temperature was slightly reduced in the protein-deprived
      animals. As malnutrition progressed, VO2 increased, reaching values significantly
      higher than controls by week 3. Oxygen consumption then decreased and by week 6
      remained slightly higher (but not significantly) than in controls. Food intake
      followed to some extent changes in VO2. Rectal and shell (paws and tail)
      temperature measured in room temperature (range 24-25 degrees) showed the
      following changes: rectal temperature increased after week 1 of malnutrition to
      values significantly higher than controls and remained so until week 4, after
      which they declined to values still higher (but not significantly) than controls.
      Shell temperature in the malnourished animals was lower than in controls
      throughout the experiment. Exposure to a mild cold challenge (18-19 degrees)
      significantly increased VO2 and decreased body temperature in malnourished
      animals to a greater extent than in controls.

PMID- 6822897
TI  - Zinc deficiency and impaired platelet aggregation in guinea pigs.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that acute zinc deficiency results in impaired
      platelet aggregation in humans and rats as well as decreased sensitivity to such
      aggregating agents as ADP, arachidonate and collagen. This study was designed to
      evaluate the effect of zinc deficiency on platelet function and other pathology
      in the guinea pig. Guinea pigs of mixed sex were fed a purified diet based on
      soybean protein (1 ppm Zn) or a similar control diet (100 ppm Zn). In one trial
      weanling guinea pigs, weighing about 150 g, were fed the diets for 22 days. Those
      fed the basal diet failed to grow after 2 weeks, and food consumption decreased
      at this time although it did not become cyclic. They developed skin lesions; zinc
      concentrations were decreased in plasma, red cells and liver. There was no effect
      on the packed cell volume. Guinea pigs weighing 350 g and fed the basal diet for
      18 days showed little or no effect on growth rate and food intake, but tissue
      zinc levels were decreased. Plasma zinc dropped significantly within 24 hours.
      Platelet aggregation in response to minimal levels of ADP and a prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analog (U-44069) was severely impaired. Aggregation in response to
      bovine thrombin (1 unit/ml) was significantly delayed, but the partial response
      in the presence of indomethacin was not affected by zinc deficiency. The results
      suggest that impaired platelet aggregation is a general sign of zinc deficiency
      in mammals and that the function of the physiological eicosanoids is impaired.

PMID- 6822898
TI  - Enhanced fatty acid synthesis in hyperinsulinemic rat fetuses.
AB  - The relationship between insulin-induced macrosomia and fetal fatty acid
      synthesis in nine pregnant rats was evaluated using the tritiated water
      technique. On days 19 and 21 of gestation, alternate fetuses were injected with
      equal volumes of either saline or insulin (5 units). Fetal hyperinsulinemia
      resulted in a significant increase in fetal weight and selected organ weights
      (liver, lung and carcass). Significant increases in fatty acid synthesis in fetal
      liver and carcass were observed on day 22 of gestation. In liver tissue,
      increased fatty acid synthesis occurred as evidenced by increased tritium
      incorporation into fatty acids in insulin-injected fetuses, 690 +/- 124
      cpm/liver, compared to controls, 400 +/- 92 cpm/liver (P less than 0.001); higher
      fatty acid content, 16.0 +/- 1.3 mumol/liver in hyperinsulinemic fetuses,
      compared to 12.3 +/- 1.0 mumol/liver in controls (P less than 0.005); and a
      higher fatty acid specific activity, (expressed as tritium counts per minute per
      micromole fatty acid) 44.5 +/- 8.6 cpm/mumol fatty acid, compared to control
      levels of 33.0 +/- 7.5 (P less than 0.005). Analysis of carcass revealed higher
      tritium incorporation into fatty acids in insulin-injected fetuses, as compared
      to controls, 2136 +/- 172 versus 1139 +/- 122 cpm/carcass (P less than 0.001);
      higher fatty acid content, 68.1 +/- 7.3 versus 59.4 +/- 6.4 mumol/carcass (P less
      than 0.05); and fatty acid specific activity, 34.5 +/- 4.8 versus 21.9 +/- 4.4
      cpm/mumol (P less than 0.001), respectively. There were no differences in the
      incorporation of tritium into fatty acids or fatty acid content in the lung,
      brain and placenta in the insulin-treated fetus as compared to control
      littermates. The data indicate that insulin is a lipogenic hormone for the fetus
      and that this model can be used as a means of studying effects of insulin on fat
      metabolism in fetal life.

PMID- 6822899
TI  - Maternal and embryonic response to a "carbohydrate-free" diet fed to rats.
AB  - The effects of a carbohydrate-free, fatty acid (CF) diet on pregnant rats and
      their progeny were examined. A pregnant pair-fed group was included to compensate
      for the 40% reduction in food intake of the CF dams. Control and CF dams were
      killed on days 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of gestation. Pair-fed dams were killed on day
      14. Maternal CF rats were hypoglycemic and hyperketonemic as compared to pair-fed
      or control dams. Both CF and pair-fed dams had significantly reduced liver
      glycogen. Diet had no effect on the number of implantation sites. Conceptuses
      were classified histologically as normal, retarded, malformed, degenerating or
      resorbed. Numbers of normal CF embryos were significantly reduced from day 6 and,
      by day 12, all CF embryos had been resorbed. Control and pair-fed dams showed
      5.2% and 43.8% resorptions, respectively, on day 14. These data suggest that
      approximately half of the embryonic loss can be attributed to the reduction in
      food intake whereas the remaining embryos succumbed to embryolethal conditions
      more directly related to the metabolic consequences of carbohydrate deprivation.

PMID- 6822900
TI  - Intestinal metallothionein: effect of parenteral and enteral zinc exposure on
      tissue levels of mice on controlled zinc diets.
AB  - An investigation of changes in duodenal metallothionein (MT) levels following
      zinc exposure was conducted. Mice fed zinc-deficient (less than 1 ppm zinc) or
      zinc-supplemented (50 ppm) diets showed no increase in duodenal MT levels 24
      hours after exposure to 17 mumol/kg zinc by gastric intubation. However, both MT
      induction and zinc incorporation were measured in the liver indicating transport
      of zinc via the intestinal mucosa. Only a small increase in [35S]cystine was
      observed to be incorporated into the MT fractions of duodenal homogenate obtained
      from zinc-exposed mice. Thus no statistically significant increase in duodenal MT
      was detected on single oral exposure of mice to zinc sulfate. Repetitive
      parenteral or enteral doses of zinc sulfate spaced 12 hours apart resulted in
      significant increases in duodenal MT. However, increases in MT by dietary zinc
      were not found until a 300 ppm zinc diet was used. No difference could be
      detected in duodenal MT levels of pair-fed animals fed zinc-deficient or 50 ppm
      zinc diet for 14 days. Similarly, no statistically significant difference in 65Zn
      uptake by in situ perfused duodenal sections could be detected in mice maintained
      on zinc-deficient or 100 ppm zinc diet for 1 month. These findings suggest that
      intestinal MT functions as a rapidly turned over zinc storage protein rather than
      a zinc regulatory protein.

PMID- 6822903
TI  - Tissue content and metabolism of myo-inositol in normal and lipodystrophic
      gerbils.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diet and sex difference on
      the development of an intestinal lipodystrophy due to myo-inositol deficiency.
      Tissue contents of free and lipid-bound myo-inositol as well as the activities of
      L-myo-inositol-l-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) and phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25),
      and myo-inositol oxygenase (EC 1.13.99.1) were determined in male and female
      gerbils under various conditions. The enzyme study proved that the essentiality
      of dietary myo-inositol for this species was not due to the lack of such enzyme
      activity. The lower susceptibility of male gerbils to myo-inositol deficiency
      could be explained by the contribution of the biosynthesis of myo-inositol in the
      testis, as shown by a difference between intact and castrated animals. Although
      feeding coconut oil to the myo-inositol-deficient female gerbils produced greater
      myo-inositol depletion as well as more severe intestinal lesion than the feeding
      of safflower oil, the difference in myo-inositol status could be only in part
      responsible for different degrees of lipodystrophy. Additionally, neither dietary
      type of fat nor exogenous myo-inositol altered the activities of either hepatic
      or intestinal synthase and phosphatase, or kidney oxygenase. Thus, this study
      indicates that both sex and dietary factors might influence myo-inositol status
      to varying extents, but the diet-induced change in tissue myo-inositol was not
      reflected by the enzyme activity as measured in vitro.

PMID- 6822901
TI  - Effects of chromium supplementation on urinary Cr excretion of human subjects and
      correlation of Cr excretion with selected clinical parameters.
AB  - Daily urinary chromium (Cr) excretion of 15 healthy free-living female subjects
      was 0.20 +/- 0.03 microgram (mean +/- SEM) and nearly identical for 27 male
      subjects, 0.17 +/- 0.02 microgram. Minimum Cr absorption calculated from urinary
      Cr excretion was about 0.4 percent. Increasing intake fivefold by Cr
      supplementation led to a nearly fivefold increase in Cr excretion suggesting that
      the extent of absorption of supplemental inorganic chromium was similar to that
      from normal dietary sources. Correlations between 24-hour Cr excretion and urine
      volume, age, total creatinine and body weight were not found. Urinary Cr
      concentration of samples obtained following a morning void correlated with
      creatinine and Cr concentration following a glucose challenge but not with serum
      glucose, insulin, lipid parameters, age or body weight. Similar results were
      obtained for urine samples obtained from subjects during Cr supplementation.
      These results suggest that urinary Cr excretion does not appear to be a
      meaningful indicator of Cr status but is a meaningful indicator of Cr intake and
      that the absorption of supplemental inorganic Cr was similar to that of Cr from
      normal dietary sources.

PMID- 6822902
TI  - Riboflavin status of rats fed two levels of protein during energy deprivation and
      subsequent repletion.
AB  - Adult male rats were fed either a low protein (LP) or moderate protein (MP) diet
      (0.6 and 1.8 g casein per rat per day, respectively) and 30 micrograms riboflavin
      (RF) while their energy intakes were progressively restricted to about 30% (26
      kcal/day) of the predepletion ad libitum consumption. Total weight losses in 4
      weeks averaged 17.3 +/- 0.6 and 12.5 +/- 0.7% from the initial body weights for
      the LP and MP groups, respectively, despite equal energy deprivation. Although
      liver riboflavin concentrations (micrograms/gram) were significantly higher in
      the energy-restricted groups than in either the predepletion or the ad libitum-
      fed control groups, total liver riboflavin remained at the predepletion level in
      both restricted groups. During energy deprivation, muscle riboflavin decreased
      significantly from the predepletion level and was not affected by protein intake.
      Subsequent repletion with 100 micrograms riboflavin/day and energy at the level
      voluntarily consumed by the LP group increased body and liver weights with both
      levels of protein, but liver riboflavin increased only in the MP group. Muscle
      riboflavin did not return to the predepletion level in either restricted group.
      Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients remained normal for all
      groups during the depletion-repletion cycle.

PMID- 6822904
TI  - Effect of cross-fostering rats at birth on the normal supply of essential fatty
      acids during protein deficiency.
AB  - The effect of protein deficiency on the activity of delta 6 desaturase in the
      mother during lactation was determined in the liver microsomal fraction and the
      fatty acid composition of milk lipids from the analyzed stomach contents. The
      activity of delta 6 desaturase was profoundly affected by protein deprivation
      during pregnancy and only reached the values of controls at about 10 days after
      parturition. This fact did not affect the fatty acid pattern of milk lipids and
      no significant differences in the contents of arachidonic acid were detected
      between the two groups. Nevertheless, protein deficiency apparently affected milk
      production. The effects of protein deprivation on the supply of polyenoic acids
      of cross-fostering rats at birth from protein-deficient to protein-sufficient
      diets and vice versa, and rats maintained during pregnancy and lactation on a low
      protein or control diet were examined. The fatty acid pattern of liver
      phospholipids of the four groups under study was determined and used as a
      biochemical parameter for evaluating polyenoic acid status. Protein deficiency
      markedly affected the fatty acid pattern of liver phospholipids. A significant
      decrease of both arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids was observed. This fatty
      acid pattern was reversed when protein-deficient animals were placed on the
      control diet at birth. On the other hand, the fatty acid composition of controls
      was negatively affected by cross-fostering to a deficient diet. The findings from
      the present experiment provide evidence that the negative effect of protein
      malnutrition appears to be promoted at least in part, by the effect of protein
      depletion on the supply of polyenoic acids for normal development and metabolic
      adaptations.

PMID- 6822905
TI  - The effect of dietary manganese deficiency on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in
      the estrogen-treated chicken and the laying hen.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine the affect of dietary manganese on
      cholesterol and lipid metabolism in avian species. In the first experiment, day
      old chicks were fed a manganese-deficient (4.8 micrograms/g) and a manganese
      supplemented (104.8 micrograms/g) diet for 4 weeks after which time they were
      injected with estrogen (5 mg diethylstilbestrol per kilogram body weight).
      Manganese deficiency did not significantly alter plasma or liver cholesterol in
      either group. Estrogen administration significantly increased plasma cholesterol
      concentration in both dietary groups and liver cholesterol in the manganese
      deficient group. In the second experiment, 15-week-old White Leghorn pullets were
      fed a manganese-deficient (4.5 micrograms/g) diet for 10 weeks. Although dietary
      manganese deficiency significantly decreased hepatic manganese and cholesterol
      concentrations, it did not affect hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis,
      liver lipid, plasma or egg yolk cholesterol. Similar results were obtained in the
      third experiment with older (36-week-old) laying hens given similar manganese
      deficient and adequate diets. These results indicate that dietary manganese
      deficiency in the avian species does not result in a significant alteration of
      cholesterol and lipid metabolism.

PMID- 6822906
TI  - The effect of dietary manganese deficiency on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in
      the Wistar rat and in the genetically hypercholesterolemic RICO rat.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary manganese on
      cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the Wistar rat and the genetically
      hypercholesterolemic RICO rat. Weanling animals were placed on a manganese
      deficient (0.12 microgram/g) and a supplemented diet (100.12 micrograms/g). Mean
      body weights, hepatic fatty acid synthesis and liver manganese concentration
      significantly decreased in the deficient group of Wistar rats. Plasma
      cholesterol, VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density
      lipoprotein) cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol synthesis, liver cholesterol and
      lipid concentrations were not significantly affected by manganese deficiency.
      Mean body weights and hepatic manganese content were lower in the manganese
      deficient group in both normal and hypercholesterolemic RICO rats. Manganese
      deficiency significantly decreased LDL cholesterol concentration in the
      hypercholesterolemic RICO rats. Manganese deficiency had no significant effect on
      hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, plasma cholesterol, VLDL and HDL
      cholesterol concentrations, liver lipid and liver cholesterol concentration in
      either group of RICO rats. These results indicate that dietary manganese
      deficiency does not result in significant alterations in cholesterol and lipid
      metabolism in the rat.

PMID- 6822907
TI  - Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: mechanism of the intestinal
      interaction of nonheme iron and zinc.
AB  - The mechanisms of the previously described competitive zinc:iron interaction were
      explored in healthy human volunteers, using the increment in plasma zinc
      concentration after an oral dose of 25 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate as the index of
      zinc absorption. Ferric iron in a 2:1 Fe/Zn ratio reduced the plasma uptake of
      zinc, but to a significantly lesser degree than ferrous iron; addition of 1 g of
      ascorbic acid increased the magnitude of the inhibitory effect of ferric iron to
      that seen with ferrous iron. An inverse relationship between some indices of iron
      status in adult women, or of parenteral iron administration in a child, and the
      magnitude of zinc:iron interaction was observed. Saturation of the intestinal
      mucosa with consecutive-day doses of therapeutic iron did not influence the
      uptake of zinc administered alone or in the context of a 2:1 ferrous iron:zinc
      ratio in solution. The results are most consistent with a combination of an
      intraluminal competition of the two minerals and an intracellular competition at
      a site "distal" to the regulatory step by which iron nutriture modulates the
      entry of iron into the body, but "proximal" to the site at which the daily
      administration of therapeutic doses of iron blocked the passage of dietary iron.

PMID- 6822908
TI  - The effects of lactose on the absorption and retention of dietary lead.
AB  - Intubated lactose has been shown to facilitate the absorption and retention of
      radiolabeled tracer lead in weanling rats. The conditions under which this effect
      may be observed are specified here. In acute radiotracer studies with fasted
      rats, absorption of intubated lead from the intestines and lead uptake into
      kidney, liver, blood and brain were increased by lactose (3-6 mg/g, per os) in
      rats 22 and 26 days of age postpartum. However, neither absorption nor uptake by
      kidney and liver were affected in the suckling rat (less than 21 days
      postpartum), nor beyond the first week after weaning. The facilitation by lactose
      of lead absorption and uptake was inhibited by carrier lead concentrations of 100
      and 1000 ppm. Lactose at 80 mM (the concentration in rat's milk) had no effect on
      absorption and uptake of lead, nor on excretion of parenterally administered
      lead. Chronic feeding of 80 mM lactose and lead (0, 10, or 100 ppm in diet)
      reduced the retention of lead in kidneys and bones of weanling rats, fed both a
      normal (0.47%) and a calcium-deficient (0.02%) diet. It is concluded that
      intubations of high concentrations of lactose into fasted weanling rats can cause
      an increase in the absorption and uptake of lead. When fed to weanling rats at
      physiological concentrations, however, lactose actually reduces the retention of
      lead in bone and kidney.

PMID- 6822910
TI  - Effect of selenium on the subcellular distribution of glutathione peroxidase in
      rat liver, epididymal fat pad and seminal vesicle.
AB  - The effect of dietary selenium on the subcellular distribution of selenium
      dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) activity in rat liver, epididymal fat
      pad, and seminal vesicle was determined. Tissues were fractionated by
      differential centrifugation, and the subcellular distribution of SeGSH-Px
      activity was determined by comparison with the distribution of biochemical marker
      enzymes. Liver SeGSH-Px activity was located in both the cytosol and
      mitochondria. In epididymal fat pad and seminal vesicle, SeGSH-Px activity was
      located primarily in the cytosol; association with another subcellular organelle,
      however, was indicated. In liver and epididymal fat pad, SeGSH-Px activity
      increased linearly, and, in the seminal vesicle, increased linearly and
      quadratically, with increasing dietary selenium concentration. Distribution of
      SeGSH-Px activity among the cellular fractions from the tissues, however, was not
      affected by dietary selenium supplementation.

PMID- 6822909
TI  - Gastric histamine metabolism and acid secretion in rats as influenced by diet and
      nutrient content.
AB  - Diets containing egg white, casein, menhaden fish meal, soy protein or wheat
      gluten were fed to rats to assess the impact of dietary protein (and other
      nutrients) on gastric functions. The menhaden fish meal group exhibited increases
      in stomach histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, histamine concentration, as
      well as acid secretion when compared with the control, casein group. When rats
      were fed amino acid-supplemented casein or fish meal diets to simulate each
      other's amino acid profile, a small increase in gastric HDC activity, histamine
      content and acid secretion was observed in comparison with the unsupplemented
      casein or fish meal groups. The high mineral content of menhaden fish meal (15%)
      was thought to be a potential inducing factor for gastric histamine metabolism
      and acid secretion. Adding fish meal ash to the casein diet or to a cod fillet
      diet elevated stomach HDC activity and histamine concentration significantly.
      Furthermore, when calcium (Ca) was added to the casein diet to simulate its high
      content in menhaden fish meal (7.8%), similar elevated levels of gastric
      histamine were obtained for the Ca-supplemented casein group as for the fish meal
      group. The role of Ca could be due to release of gastrin, which results in
      release of stomach histamine, or by facilitating mast cell histidine
      incorporation with subsequent histamine synthesis.

PMID- 6822911
TI  - Urinary trimethylselenonium excretion by the rat: effect of level and source of
      selenium-75.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore in rats the urinary metabolites of
      selenium (Se), by using [75Se]selenomethionine, [75Se]selenocystine, and
      [75Se]selenite, and to assess the effects of low and high levels of Se intake on
      trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) excretion in urine. Male adult rats were adapted
      for 6 weeks to a commercial rat laboratory stock diet (0.25 ppm Se). They were
      then starved for 24 hours and given an oral dose of either low (16 micrograms
      Se/kg body weight) or high (1500 micrograms Se/kg body weight) Se as the test Se
      compounds. Appearance of radioactivity in TMSe and non-TMSe Se metabolites in
      urine was monitored for 48 hours. About 40% of the 75Se dose was excreted in
      urine. TMSe was the major urinary Se metabolite (57-69% of urinary 75Se and 16
      25% of oral 75Se dose) at high, and a minor urinary Se metabolite (10% of urinary
      75Se and 3-4% of oral 75Se dose) at low dose levels of Se and for all three Se
      test compounds. At least 80% of urinary 75Se and 26-42% of the orally
      administered 75Se were excreted as non-TMSe Se metabolites in urine under the
      latter condition. It is hypothesized that at a requirement intake of Se either a
      trace or no TMSe is excreted in urine, and it becomes a major excretory
      metabolite of Se when the dietary trace mineral intake exceeds a requirement
      level, probably serving as a means of detoxification.

PMID- 6822912
TI  - Utilization of intravenously infused glucose-oligosaccharides in fasted and fed
      pigs.
AB  - The ability of fed or fasted 30-day-old pigs to utilize intravenously
      administered glucose-oligosaccharides (supplied at 20 g/day) was compared in a
      randomized crossover design. Six pigs were fed a stock diet from days 10 to 30 of
      life. A central venous catheter was placed on day 30. From days 30 to 39 of life,
      either a balanced electrolyte solution or a glucose-oligosaccharide solution was
      infused through the intravenous (i.v.) catheter. On the first i.v. feeding day,
      all animals were infused with an isotonic, balanced electrolyte solution and were
      allowed food and water ad libitum per os. On days 2 through 5 of the i.v. period,
      3 animals received glucose-oligosaccharides intravenously (20 g/day), with all
      other needed nutrients, including energy, supplied enterally. On days 6-9 of the
      i.v. infusion period these animals continued to receive oligosaccharides
      intravenously, but were denied food. The other three animals were infused with
      oligosaccharides in the fed or fasting state in the reverse order. Based on
      urinary carbohydrate excretion, mean (+/- SD) glucose-oligosaccharide utilization
      was 92% whether the animals were fed or fasted. These results differ from those
      observed in fasted human subjects.

PMID- 6822913
TI  - Effect of gestation diet intake on plasma lipids and progeny birth and weaning
      weights of genetically lean, obese and contemporary swine.
AB  - Genetically obese (O), and lean (L) and contemporary (C) primiparous swine were
      assigned from day 30 to 40 of pregnancy to parturition to one of two dietary
      treatments: 1) 1.8 kg daily (6000 kcal DE) digestible energy, and 2) 0.6 kg daily
      (2000 kcal DE) of a standard corn-soybean meal-based diet. O gilts weighed less
      and were fatter at week 16 than L or C gilts. L and C gilts fed the low diet
      intake maintained constant body weight throughout pregnancy while O gilts gained
      approximately 10 kg. All gilts fed adequate energy gained weight. Plasma free
      fatty acids were higher and triglycerides were lower in pregnant gilts fed
      restricted energy. Plasma cholesterol and blood glucose appeared to be unaffected
      by genetic background, suggesting that genetic propensity to obesity is not
      necessarily associated with hypercholesterolemia or hyperglycemia. Pig birth
      weight was reduced by maternal feed restriction only in O and C pigs; survival
      was higher in progeny of O dams than in those of L and C dams. Maternal energy
      restriction had no effect on survival in L, C, or O pigs. Preweaning growth of C
      but not of L or O progeny was adversely affected by maternal feed restriction.
      The data illustrate the significance of genetic X gestation energy interactions
      in dam and progeny traits and suggest that a consideration of genetic background
      is essential in evaluating response criteria related to feed restriction during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6822914
TI  - Growth rate, tissue zinc levels and activities of selected enzymes in rats fed a
      zinc-deficient diet by gastric tube.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125 g) were fed by gastric tube either a zinc-deficient
      or a zinc-adequate diet for 32 days. In an additional study, rats were
      administered similar diets per os. Growth rate, zinc levels in plasma and
      tissues, and selected enzyme activities were measured. In tube fed rats receiving
      13.5 g/day of a zinc-deficient diet, growth rates were similar to controls for 25
      days but were somewhat lower by 32 days. The mean food intake of the rats fed the
      zinc-deficient diet per os was 7.6 +/- 2.1 g/day, and on day 25 growth rate was
      significantly lower than pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls. Zinc levels of
      plasma and tissues and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in
      erythrocytes and liver were reduced in rats fed the zinc-deficient diet in both
      studies. Alkaline ribonuclease activity remained unchanged. The larger nutrient
      intake provided by gastric tube feeding appears to delay the growth-retarding
      effect of zinc-deficient diets, but changes in zinc tissue levels and ALAD
      activity are similar in tube fed and per os fed rats.

PMID- 6822915
TI  - Distribution of selenium and glutathione peroxidase in the rat.
AB  - The selenium content was determined in the adrenals, brain, erythrocytes, femur,
      hair, heart, kidneys, lungs, muscle, pancreas, plasma, spleen, testes, and thymus
      of rats, which had been fed a commercial rat diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg diet.
      In the plasma, the erythrocytes, and the soluble fraction of the tissues (with
      the exception of femur and hair) the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GSH
      Px) was measured, using both hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide as
      substrates. From the masses of the tissues and the values for the selenium
      content and the GSH-Px activity, the distribution of the element and the enzyme
      in the body was calculated. For selenium the main pools were the muscle and the
      liver, and for the GSH-Px, the liver and the erythrocytes. By comparing the
      selenium content and the GSH-Px activity the percentage of the tissue selenium,
      which was bound to the enzyme in the soluble tissue fraction, was estimated. This
      percentage differed considerably from tissue to tissue, the highest value being
      found in the erythrocytes and the smallest in the testes. According to this
      estimation the majority of the selenium in the rat is not contained in the GSH-Px
      but in other compounds.

PMID- 6822917
TI  - Measurement of vitamin K1 in infant formulas.

PMID- 6822918
TI  - Minors' assent or dissent to medical treatment.

PMID- 6822919
TI  - Familial bronchiectasis.

PMID- 6822916
TI  - Effects of zinc on mucosal copper binding and on the kinetics of copper
      absorption.
AB  - The kinetics of serosal copper transfer and the distribution of copper between
      metallothionein (MT) and a high-molecular-weight protein fraction (HMWPF) within
      the mucosal cells were examined, using isolated duodenal segments from rats fed
      different amounts of zinc. No difference in the Vmax or Km for serosal transfer
      could be detected between the different zinc groups, suggesting that zinc did not
      affect this aspect of copper absorption. When intestinal segments from rats fed
      the low zinc diet were incubated in high copper media, the majority of the copper
      was associated with the HMWPF, while those from rats fed the high zinc diet had
      the largest proportion bound to MT. All the intestines incubated in the low
      copper media, regardless of rat zinc status, had the majority of copper
      associated with MT. These results suggested that with the low zinc diet, the
      limited amount of MT present was saturated, and the excess copper was bound to
      the HMWPF. With larger intakes of zinc, MT synthesis was induced, and the larger
      amount of this protein was not as readily saturated, resulting in less copper
      binding to the HMWPF and more to MT. It is suggested that zinc interferes with
      copper absorption by inducing MT, which sequesters copper in the mucosal cells,
      making it unavailable for serosal transfer. The copper bound to the HMWPF is
      available for transfer.

PMID- 6822921
TI  - Need for measles revaccination in adolescents: correlation with birth date prior
      to 1972.
AB  - Measles hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of less than 1:4 were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) more prevalent among subjects born from 1962
      through 1971 and vaccinated with a single dose of live measles virus vaccine at
      12 months of age (14.5%) than among subjects born during the same years but
      vaccinated at 13 months or older (2.3%). For subjects born in 1972 through 1976,
      however, this difference was not statistically significant; titers of less than
      1:4 occurred in 6.2% of those vaccinated at 12 months, compared to 0% in those
      vaccinated at 13 months or older. A decline in maternally derived measles HI
      antibody may be related to the increased rate of HI antibody titers of 1:4 or
      greater following vaccination of more recently born subjects. Following
      revaccination of subjects whose measles HI antibody titers were less than 1:4,
      measles HI titers were lower than would be expected after successful primary
      vaccination. Nevertheless, measles HI antibody persisted at a level of 1:4 or
      more until the latest titer measurement of this study (one to two years after
      revaccination) in 87.5% of those whose initial vaccination had been at 11 or 12
      months of age. No adverse reactions to revaccination occurred. Revaccination
      programs should be considered for adolescents and young adults born before 1972
      who received live measles virus vaccine at or before 12 months. Children born
      from 1972 through 1976 who were vaccinated at 12 months or later are not in need
      of revaccination.

PMID- 6822920
TI  - Effect of timing of measles vaccination on compliance with immunizations during
      the second year of life.
AB  - In 1976 the recommended time for routine measles immunization was changed from 12
      to greater than or equal to 15 months of age. Because of the known decrease in
      compliance with immunizations given during the second year of life and the
      scheduling of an additional visit close to the time of the diphtheria-tetanus
      pertussis (DTP) booster immunization, the potential benefit from this change
      might be offset by a decrease in compliance in securing both measles vaccination
      and DTP booster immunization. A study of the change in immunization compliance
      was carried out in a county health facility and in a prepaid medical group
      practice. Charts of 795 infants (395 born before and 400 born after the change)
      were reviewed to assess the rates of compliance with measles and with DTP
      immunizations. Administration of measles vaccine at a scheduled time decreased by
      10% (0.05 less than P less than 0.06) at the public health facility after the
      change in 1976 and by 13% at the prepaid group practice (P less than 0.01). This
      difference evened out in the public health facility patients by age 2 years, but
      a 9% decrease was still apparent at the prepaid medical group. A similar pattern
      was seen in compliance with the DTP booster immunization at each site. Any
      benefit derived by an increased measles seroconversion rate apparently was offset
      by an overall decrease in compliance for both measles and DTP booster
      immunizations.

PMID- 6822924
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome and hypertriiodothyroninemia: comparison of neonatal
      and postmortem measurements.
AB  - Serum triiodothyronine concentrations in victims of sudden infant death syndrome,
      when compared with those of both living and dead controls, were found to be
      elevated to a degree comparable to those found in a previous study. Thyroxine,
      thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin values were not elevated. Neonatal
      triiodothyronine and thyroxine values, determined on specimens collected within a
      few days of birth for most of the sudden infant death syndrome victims, did not
      differ significantly from those of comparable peers in their birth cohort. These
      results indicate that hypertriiodothyroninemia may serve as a useful postmortem
      diagnostic marker for the syndrome but not as a premortem predictor.
      Parenthetically, thyroid hormones appear to remain stable in either a frozen or
      dried state for up to two years.

PMID- 6822923
TI  - Elevation of postmortem triiodothyronine in sudden infant death syndrome and in
      infants who died of other causes: a marker of previous health.
AB  - We measured serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3),
      reverse T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and cortisol in 62 victims of
      sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in 30 infants who died of known causes and in
      15 living controls. The mean T3 value was elevated in 69% of those with SIDS. 37%
      of the others who died, and in no control infants. After excluding those who died
      of known cause who had abnormal thyroid function (abnormal postmortem
      concentrations of T4, free T4, or reverse T3), the T3 values were elevated in 63%
      of those remaining. When the data were analyzed on the basis of case histories
      and autopsy findings, those infants who were in good health and died suddenly of
      accidental causes had an elevation in mean T3 similar to that seen in SIDS
      victims; those who died under conditions known to alter thyroid metabolism did
      not. The T4, free T4, reverse T3, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and cortisol
      values were not useful in differentiating those with SIDS from the living
      controls, or those who were healthy at the time of death. We were unable to find
      any difference in T3 serum concentrations between the total group who had SIDS
      and those who had SIDS with minor infections, with petechiae on intrathoracic
      organs, with premature birth, or those who were resuscitated. Our data point out
      the importance of using appropriate controls when evaluating SIDS. The normal
      reverse T3 values in SIDS, as well as confirmation of the normal T4 and free T4
      values, constitute evidence against chronic persistent alveolar hypoventilation
      or prolonged episodes of hypoxia immediately preceding death from SIDS.

PMID- 6822925
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring as a guide to prognosis in the nearly drowned,
      severely comatose child.
AB  - During a 34-month-period, 55 nearly drowned, comatose children who were admitted
      to our pediatric intensive care unit were divided into C1 (decorticate), C2
      (decerebrate), and C3 (flaccid) subgroups. Patients in subgroup C3 were selected
      for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements by the subarachnoid bolt, and were
      reclassified according to clinical outcome into recovered (group A), fatality
      (group B), and brain damaged (group C) categories. Six children (29%) had
      complete recovery, 10 died (48%), and five (23%) demonstrated residual brain
      damage. There was a highly significant difference between the ICP in group A and
      group B (P less than 0.001), and between group B and group C (P less than 0.001).
      Both group A and group C had highly significant differences in mean cerebral
      perfusion pressure (CPP) values compared with group B (P less than 0.001). There
      were no significant differences in ICP or CPP between groups A and C. Finally,
      using a combination of ICP and CPP, we found that ICP less than or equal to 20 mm
      Hg and CPP greater than or equal to 50 mm Hg were associated with survival in 11
      of 12 patients (92%), whereas ICP greater than 20 mm Hg and CPP less than 50 mm
      Hg were associated with death in seven patients cases (100%). The two other
      patients who died had either CPP less than 50 mm Hg or ICP greater than 20 mm Hg,
      but not both. We find that intracranial pressure monitoring is a safe, useful
      tool in predicting death or survival, but not residual brain damage, in the
      nearly drowned, severely comatose child.

PMID- 6822926
TI  - Partial deficiency of coagulation factor XI as a newly recognized feature of
      Noonan syndrome.

PMID- 6822922
TI  - Allergic reactions to measles (rubeola) vaccine in patients hypersensitive to egg
      protein.
AB  - We evaluated two children with allergy to egg-white protein (ovalbumin) who had
      generalized urticaria, angioedema, and respiratory difficulty after immunization
      with live rubeola vaccine. In both patients, serum IgE reactive with ovalbumin
      related antigens in the vaccine was demonstrated. Subsequent evaluation of 24
      children with ovalbumin allergy revealed that those who had positive ovalbumin
      skin tests, but no clinical reaction to egg white, were skin test negative on
      prick and intradermal testing with measles vaccine and were safely immunized.
      They had no detectable IgE directed against the rubeola vaccine, although IgE
      directed at ovalbumin was present. Six patients who had severe allergic
      hypersensitivity reactions on exposure to ovalbumin had IgE antimeasles vaccine
      antibody and had positive reactions after intracutaneous or intradermal testing
      with the vaccine. These patients were safely immunized with increasing volumes
      (0.05 ml increments every 20 minutes) of measles vaccine to receive the full
      dose. These studies suggest that children with severe allergic hypersensitivity
      to egg white should be screened with an intracutaneous test prior to immunization
      with measles vaccine; however, children who have positive skin tests but no
      clinical reaction to ovalbumin exposure are at minimal risk for hypersensitivity
      reactions to measles immunization, as previously reported.

PMID- 6822927
TI  - D-Lactic acidosis in children: an unusual metabolic complication of small bowel
      resection.
AB  - Acidosis caused by intestinal bacterial D-lactate production occurs in ruminants
      engorged with carbohydrate. A similar phenomenon was identified in two children
      who developed recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis and peculiar neurologic
      symptoms in response to increased dietary carbohydrate after major small bowel
      resections. Both children were found to have elevated plasma concentrations of D
      lactic acid at the time of each episode. Acid base and neurologic abnormalities
      responded immediately to neomycin therapy. Among a number of microorganisms
      isolated from stool cultures of these patients, one anaerobic Lactobacillus
      acidophilus species produced large amounts of D-lactate in vitro. Reduction in
      carbohydrate intake in one patient tested led to a fall in D-lactate generation.
      We believe that excessive D-lactate production by intestinal bacteria, from
      malabsorbed carbohydrate, may produce metabolic acidosis and neurologic symptoms
      in children with small bowel resections.

PMID- 6822928
TI  - Anterior sacral defects: an autosomal dominantly inherited condition.
AB  - Anterior sacral meningoceles and presacral teratomas are rare congenital
      malformations associated with a sacrococcygeal bony defect. The inheritance of
      anterior sacral meningoceles has been proposed to be X-linked dominant, whereas
      presacral teratomas have been reported to be autosomal dominantly inherited.
      Anterior meningoceles and teratomas may occur independently or in combination. We
      report a family in whom at least 11 individuals of three generations have partial
      sacral agenesis and have had either anterior sacral meningoceles, teratomas, or
      both. Male-to-male transmission has been documented. Although the existing
      literature differentiates the inheritance of anterior meningoceles from that of
      the teratomas, the pleiotropic effects of the gene causing these anterior sacral
      defects in this family is evident and is consistent with autosomal-dominant
      inheritance.

PMID- 6822931
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome and triiodothyronine: clarification of a
      relationship.

PMID- 6822932
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta: current status.

PMID- 6822929
TI  - Fatal cardiovascular disease and cutis laxa following acute febrile neutrophilic
      dermatosis.
AB  - Acute neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) is a benign self-limited disease
      in adults. A child with apparent evolution of acute neutrophilic dermatosis to
      postinflammatory cutis laxa and elastolysis then developed fatal vascular
      involvement. One other patient with postinflammatory cutis laxa with aortic
      regurgitation and sudden fatal unrecognized occlusive coronary arterial disease
      is discussed. If cardiovascular symptoms or signs develop during the course of
      Sweet syndrome or postinflammatory cutis laxa, a thorough investigation is
      warranted to rule out potentially fatal coronary arterial disease. Coronary
      bypass surgery may be the only effective treatment for the severely fibrosed
      proximal coronary arterial system.

PMID- 6822933
TI  - Postmortem changes in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine in rats.

PMID- 6822930
TI  - More on parent-infant bonding.

PMID- 6822934
TI  - Quantitative cultures of middle-ear fluid in acute otitis media.

PMID- 6822935
TI  - Eosinophilic cellulitis in a child.

PMID- 6822936
TI  - Fiberoptic laryngoscopy as a guide to tracheal extubation in acute epiglottitis.

PMID- 6822938
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of neonatal brain imaging: a postmortem correlation of
      computed tomography and ultrasound scans.
AB  - The aim of this study was to validate brain imaging techniques in the preterm
      infant. A homogeneous group of very immature (less than 32 week) neonates dying
      in the neonatal period were sequentially scanned with linear-array real-time
      ultrasound scans, and after death with compound B static sector ultrasound and
      high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans. All three imaging techniques were
      correlated with the autopsy results. All germinal matrix bleeds greater than 5mm
      in size and intraventricular hemorrhages associated with ventricular dilation or
      distortion were accurately diagnosed. In the immature infant it was difficult to
      distinguish the normal highly vascular germinal matrix and choroid plexus from
      hemorrhage into the brain or ventricles, respectively. Further studies that
      address the questions of accurate timing and incidence of bleeds must consider
      the spatial resolution of the individual scanner, the maturity of the brain, the
      site and size of the lesion, and the evolution of the lesion. For the diagnosis
      of major hemorrhagic lesions in the preterm infant, either ultrasound or CT scans
      may be used with confidence.

PMID- 6822937
TI  - Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an association with serum lipid
      abnormalities.

PMID- 6822939
TI  - Optimal timing for diagnostic cranial ultrasound in low-birth-weight infants:
      detection of intracranial hemorrhage and ventricular dilation.
AB  - Intracranial hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation are common
      problems in small preterm infants. To determine the optimal timing for ultrasound
      diagnosis of these abnormalities, we studied 64 preterm infants (less than 1,500
      gm) by sequential cranial ultrasonography from birth until one year of age or
      until death. The optimal timing for ultrasound diagnosis of intracranial
      hemorrhage is days 4 to 7 with follow-up at day 14. The most efficient time for
      ultrasound examination to diagnose ventricular dilation was day 14 with follow-up
      at 3 months. Intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed by ultrasound in 35 of the 64
      patients (55%). In 18 of the 64 infants (28%) significant ventricular dilation
      was diagnosed by ultrasound during the first three months.

PMID- 6822940
TI  - Seizures in the preterm infant: effects on cerebral blood flow velocity,
      intracranial pressure, and arterial blood pressure.
AB  - The relationship of neonatal seizures to changes in the cerebral circulation was
      studied in 12 premature newborn infants. The objectives of the study were to
      determine whether important alterations in cerebral hemodynamics occur with
      neonatal seizures and whether such alterations relate to systemic hemodynamic
      events. Blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral arteries was measured by a
      transcutaneous Doppler technique. A marked increase in cerebral blood flow
      velocity was documented with seizures in every patient. The prominent changes in
      the cerebral circulation occurred despite the fact that 10 of the 12 infants had
      only subtle seizures and all 12 were receiving mechanical ventilation at the time
      of the seizures. Accompanying the increase in cerebral flow velocity was a marked
      increase in intracranial pressure. The cerebral hemodynamic changes appeared to
      reflect directly changes in systemic hemodynamic events, that is, a marked
      increase in blood pressure at the time of seizures. The increase in cerebral
      blood flow velocity with seizures, an apparent adaptive physiologic response in
      older individuals, may be maladaptive in the newborn infant with certain
      vulnerable capillary beds, such as the germinal matrix in the premature infant or
      the margins of an infarct in the asphyxiated infant.

PMID- 6822941
TI  - Range-gated pulsed Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid arterial blood
      flow in small preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Range-gated pulsed Doppler (RGPD) ultrasonography was utilized to study the
      effect of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on carotid arterial blood flow in
      small preterm infants. Carotid arterial flow velocity studies were performed on
      23 preterm infants, sampling right and left carotid arteries. Studies on seven
      infants after PDA ligation and on seven who developed no evidence of PDA were
      used as controls. A strong relationship was demonstrated between diastolic
      reversal in the carotid arteries and PDA. The results of this study indicate that
      the RGPD flow velocity curve from the carotid artery is more sensitive than M
      mode echocardiography or clinical examination in detecting PDA, and that PDA in
      small preterm infants is associated with a distinct abnormality in the carotid
      arterial flow pattern.

PMID- 6822942
TI  - Pulmonary microthrombi syndrome in newborn infants with unresponsive persistent
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Some newborn infants with either primary or secondary persistent pulmonary
      hypertension (PPHN) remain hypoxemic, hypercarbic, and acidotic despite
      therapeutic efforts. In autopsies of 23 infants who had PPHN, diffuse platelet
      fibrin thrombi were present in the pulmonary microcirculation of eight (15.2 +/-
      18.1 thrombi/cm2 lung tissue) and absent in 15 (0.2 +/- 0.3 thrombi/cm2 lung
      tissue), (P less than 0.004). Diagnoses in group A (thrombi) were pneumonia and
      sepsis (four patients), meconium inhalation (3), and primary PPHN (1); and in
      group B (no thrombi) pneumonia and sepsis (4), meconium inhalation (4), primary
      PPHN (4), hyaline membrane disease (2), and diaphragmatic hernia (1). The only
      significant differences between the two groups were the response to tolazoline
      infusion as assessed by changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and
      the platelet counts. Group A responded less favorably to tolazoline (14.8 mm Hg
      vs 83.6 mm Hg; P less than 0.05) and had lower platelet counts (51,000/microliter
      vs 128,000/microliter) (P less than 0.01) than group B. No significant
      differences could be detected in Apgar scores, duration or mode of mechanical
      ventilation, oxygen requirements, arterial blood gas tensions or pH, systemic
      arterial blood pressure, coagulation profile, amount of blood product
      transfusions, or intravascular catheter use. Pulmonary microthrombi should be
      added to the list of mechanisms for PPHN and may explain why some infants do not
      respond well to therapeutic efforts aimed at vasodilation. Thrombocytopenia and
      failure to respond to pulmonary vasodilators might suggest the diagnosis.

PMID- 6822943
TI  - Effect of feeding on bioavailability of griseofulvin in children.

PMID- 6822944
TI  - Use of aspirin and dipyridamole in children with platelet trapping syndromes.

PMID- 6822947
TI  - Ethical aspects of studying child abuse.

PMID- 6822946
TI  - Detection of congenital nephrosis by screening program for hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6822945
TI  - Treatment of OTC deficiency.

PMID- 6822948
TI  - Familial amniotic bands.

PMID- 6822949
TI  - Difficulties in interpretation of rubella serology.

PMID- 6822950
TI  - Cerebral blood flow velocity in intraventricular hemorrhage.

PMID- 6822952
TI  - Phototherapy in G-6-PD-deficient infants.

PMID- 6822951
TI  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6822954
TI  - Effects of competitive red blood cell binding and reduced hematocrit on the blood
      and plasma levels of [14C]Indapamide in the rat.
AB  - The effects of chlorthalidone and acetazolamide on the red blood cell binding of
      indapamide were investigated. Both drugs caused a substantial decrease in the
      amount of indapamide bound to the erythrocytes in vitro. This effect was
      demonstrated by a change in the indapamide blood/plasma ratio from approximately
      6 in control samples, to a value of 1 when either of the displacing agents was
      added. Coadministration of acetazolamide with 14C-labeled indapamide to rats,
      resulted in a 5-fold drop in the blood levels of total radioactivity, relative to
      rats dosed with [14C]indapamide alone. Concomitantly, there was a 2-fold increase
      in the plasma levels of total radioactivity after acetazolamide coadministration.
      In rats whose hematocrits had been reduced by extensive bleeding, there were only
      minor alterations in the blood/plasma partitioning of [14C]indapamide. Thus,
      chlorthalidone and acetazolamide were able to displace indapamide from
      erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo, possibly by competition at a carbonic
      anhydrase binding site. The pharmacokinetics of drugs which are extensively bound
      to erythrocytes may be significantly altered by the presence of other agents
      capable of competitive binding.

PMID- 6822953
TI  - Spontaneous output of acetylcholine from rat diaphragm preparations declines
      after treatment with botulinum toxin.
AB  - A gas chromatographic spectrometric assay was used to measure tissue and released
      acetylcholine and choline in diaphragm preparations of rats previously injected
      with botulinum toxin type A. Botulinum intoxication was found not to alter the
      acetylcholine content of rat diaphragms in vivo or in fully paralyzed muscles in
      vitro. This result provides direct support for the hypothesis that botulinum
      toxin blocks transmitter release without affecting acetylcholine synthesis.
      However, in diaphragm preparations in vitro, this toxin was found to inhibit not
      only the evoked release of acetylcholine but also the spontaneous "leakage" of
      acetylcholine that is measured at rest. Additional experiments were performed to
      characterize this action of the toxin. The magnitude of the decline in resting
      acetylcholine output appears to be too large to be accounted for solely by the
      known effect of botulinum toxin to reduce the frequency of miniature endplate
      potentials. The mechanism of this action of botulinum toxin remains an enigma.

PMID- 6822956
TI  - Procainamide uptake by rabbit proximal tubules.
AB  - Procainamide is an organic cation and commonly prescribed drug that is actively
      secreted into the urine by renal proximal tubules. In order to elucidate further
      the mechanisms involved in this secretion, [3H]procainamide uptake into dissected
      S2 segments of superficial proximal tubule cells was studied. Uptake of
      [3H]procainamide was reduced by hypothermia and in a dose-related manner by the
      organic cations nonradiolabeled procainamide, cimetidine and quinidine and also
      by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide and benzolamide, but not by
      ouabain. All these drugs were shown previously to inhibit transtubular secretion
      of [3H]procainamide in isolated perfused proximal tubules. The results of these
      and our previous studies suggest that 1) organic cations reduce the tubular
      secretion of each other, in part, by competing for uptake across the basolateral
      membrane of renal tubule cells, 2) acetazolamide and benzolamide reduce urinary
      excretion of organic cations, in part, by inhibiting proximal tubular secretion
      and 3) the potential difference across the basolateral cell membrane (due to
      activity of Na+-K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase) is not the only driving
      force for uptake of organic cations into intact renal tubule cells.

PMID- 6822955
TI  - Endocrine influences on the actions of morphine. II. Responses to pituitary
      hormones.
AB  - Studies have been made on the hypophysectomy-induced changes in antinociceptive
      and temperature responses to morphine and the effects various anterior pituitary
      hormones have on these altered responses under both acute and chronic conditions.
      Hypophysectomy altered the slope of the dose-response curve for morphine
      antinociception without significantly changing the ED50. It also induced an
      upward shift in the temperature-response curve. Treatment of hypophysectomized
      animals with s.c. adrenocorticotropic hormone decreased responsiveness to the
      antinociceptive and the hyperthermic actions of morphine. Administration of
      triiodothyronine increased the antinociceptive response and normalized the upward
      shift in the temperature response; however, these effects required approximately
      3 weeks of hormone treatment. Both of these treatments normalized the altered
      antinociceptive dose-response curve slope. Growth hormone, luteinizing hormone
      and prolactin had no effects on acute morphine responses. Further experiments
      examined the effects of anterior pituitary hormones during chronic treatment with
      morphine. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, when administered 30 min before morphine,
      showed reproducible but statistically nonsignificant suppression of tolerance
      development. Growth hormone, which had no effects on acute morphine responses,
      was more effective than adrenocorticotropic hormone at suppressing tolerance. In
      studies with animals bearing growth hormone/prolactin secreting tumors,
      significant suppression of tolerance was seen for both responses to morphine.
      These results add further support to previous findings from our laboratory that
      the adrenal and thyroid systems are involved in modulation of acute opiate
      actions and also indicate that growth hormone can inhibit the development of
      opiate tolerance.

PMID- 6822958
TI  - Effects of cycloalkyl ring analogs of phencyclidine on behavior in rodents.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiments was to evaluate the effects of eliminating
      or varying the size of the cycloalkyl ring of phencyclidine (PCP) from 3 to 8
      carbons while leaving the composition of the benzene and piperidine rings
      unaltered. Compounds were evaluated for their effectiveness in producing PCP-like
      discriminative stimuli and changes in pupil diameter in the rat and impaired
      motor performance on the Rotarod in the mouse. All modifications of the
      cycloalkyl ring of PCP significantly reduced the relative potencies of the
      cycloalkyl analogs, shortened their duration of action and also modified their
      spectra of action, including their effectiveness in producing PCP-like
      discriminative stimuli and miosis in the rat as well as ataxia in the mouse. The
      present results demonstrate that the cyclohexyl moiety of PCP is an absolute
      requirement for producing a full PCP-like spectrum of activity.

PMID- 6822957
TI  - A comparison of nicotine and cocaine self-administration in the dog: fixed-ratio
      and progressive-ratio schedules of intravenous drug infusion.
AB  - Beagle dogs pressed a lever under a 15-response fixed-ratio schedule of i.v.
      nicotine or cocaine infusion or water presentation. A 4-min time-out period
      followed each fixed-ratio trial and each daily session ended after 16 successive
      fixed-ratio trials. Both nicotine and cocaine were self-administered above saline
      levels, with the maximum number of infusions occurring at a dose of 30
      micrograms/kg of nicotine and 100 micrograms/kg of cocaine. Rates of responding
      first increased, reaching a maximum at 10 to 30 micrograms/kg/infusion and then
      decreased, as the dose of nicotine or cocaine was varied between 3 and 300
      micrograms/kg/infusion. The rate of responding and number of infusions obtained
      per session were higher under the schedule of cocaine self-administration than
      under the schedule of nicotine self-administration. Presession treatment with the
      nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg i.v.), for seven consecutive
      sessions, decreased nicotine-maintained responding to levels not unlike those
      seen when saline was substituted for drug. Neither cocaine- nor water-maintained
      responding was affected by presession treatment with mecamylamine. A second group
      of beagle dogs pressed a lever under a schedule of i.v. nicotine (50-400
      micrograms/kg/infusion) or cocaine (200-1600 micrograms/kg/infusion) infusion in
      which the fixed-ratio requirement was increased daily (i.e., a progressive-ratio
      schedule). The maximum fixed-ratio value at which responding was maintained first
      increased as the dose per infusion increased and then, at the highest dose,
      either remained the same or decreased. Cocaine maintained considerably higher
      fixed-ratio values than did nicotine, but maximum fixed-ratio values for nicotine
      were well above those seen with saline. The effects of i.v. nicotine (3, 30 or
      300 micrograms/kg) or mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg) on heart rate, rectal temperature
      and pupillary diameter were measured in a third group of beagle dogs. Nicotine
      produced dose- and time-related changes in all three physiological parameters;
      the effects of mecamylamine were considerably greater than those seen with
      nicotine.

PMID- 6822959
TI  - Suppression of behavior by intravenous injections of nicotine or by electric
      shocks in squirrel monkeys: effects of chlordiazepoxide and mecamylamine.
AB  - Squirrel monkeys responded under a two-component fixed-ratio schedule of food
      presentation with both nonpunishment and punishment components. In both
      components of the multiple schedule, every 30th key-pressing response resulted in
      food presentation. In the punishment component, the first response in each 30
      response fixed ratio also produced either an i.v. injection of nicotine (10-30
      micrograms/kg) or an electric shock (1-5 mA). Response-produced nicotine
      injections or electric shocks functioned similarly to suppress responding by over
      70% in the punishment component. Presession treatment with chlordiazepoxide (5.6
      10 mg/kg i.m.) markedly increased responding that had been suppressed by either
      nicotine injection or electric shock. In contrast, presession treatment with the
      nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.m.) increased responding that
      had been suppressed by nicotine injection but did not increase responding that
      had been suppressed by electric shock. Thus, chlordiazepoxide appeared to have
      general rate-increasing effects on suppressed responding, regardless of the
      nature of the event suppressing responding, whereas mecamylamine appeared to
      selectively antagonize the suppressant effects of nicotine. Doses of
      chloridazepoxide and mecamylamine that increased suppressed responding in
      punishment components either had little effect on or slightly increased
      responding in nonpunishment components. These results show that under suitable
      environmental conditions response-produced i.v. injection of nicotine can
      function effectively as a punisher.

PMID- 6822960
TI  - Effects of pyrazinoate and p-aminohippurate on renal urate excretion by the dog
      and guinea pig.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs, pyrazinoate reduced the fractional excretion of urate when
      the concentration of the drug in plasma ranged from 3 to 300 micrograms/ml. At
      higher concentrations, fractional excretion rose progressively. p-Aminohippurate
      at concentrations in plasma ranging from 1 to 1000 micrograms/ml had no effect on
      the fractional excretion of urate. In guinea pigs, pyrazinoate exerted only a
      faint uricosuric action and p-aminohippurate was without effect. Both substances
      were tested over the range of 1 to 1000 micrograms/ml of plasma. The results in
      dogs help explain some previous reports of negative experiments with pyrazinoate;
      the doses used were not optimal for detecting responses. The results in guinea
      pigs suggested that urate secretion in this animal does not fit either of two
      previously recognized mechanisms.

PMID- 6822961
TI  - Thromboxane agonism and antagonism in a mouse sudden death model.
AB  - The effects of the stable thromboxane agonist, U46619, and sodium arachidonate
      were tested by i.v. injection into male and female mice. U46619 produced dose
      dependent mortality in both sexes equally, in contrast to the gender
      differentiated effects of arachidonic acid. The thromboxane receptor antagonist,
      SQ 26,536, protected in a dose-dependent manner against both arachidonate and
      U46619. The thromboxane antagonist was more effective against arachidonate
      toxicity in male than in female mice, but was equiactive against U46619 in both
      sexes. Neither the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-1581, nor the
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, protected against U46619-induced sudden
      death. However, cortisone acetate increased survival of mice challenged with
      U46619. The results support the hypothesis that thromboxane A2 mediates
      arachidonate-induced sudden death. The effects of arachidonate can be mimicked by
      the thromboxane agonist and are attenuated by the thromboxane antagonist. The
      gender difference in arachidonate toxicity is apparently not due to differences
      in sensitivity to thromboxane A2, as the thromboxane agonist was equally toxic in
      males and females. The greater protective effect of the thromboxane antagonist
      against arachidonate toxicity in males suggests that thromboxane A2 is a more
      important mediator of arachidonate-induced sudden death in males compared to
      female mice.

PMID- 6822962
TI  - Enkephalin degradation in the guinea-pig ileum: effect of aminopeptidase
      inhibitors, puromycin and bestatin.
AB  - Degradation of enkephalin by aminopeptidases has been established as an important
      functional mechanism that terminates the pharmacological action of enkephalins in
      the guinea-pig ileum. Aminopeptidases are a family of enzymes and little is known
      regarding the specificity of individual enzymes with respect to the degradation
      of enkephalins. Puromycin is a general inhibitor of aminopeptidases and bestatin
      is a more selective inhibitor of Leu-aminopeptidases and aminopeptidase B. Both
      agents are capable of inhibiting enkephalin degradation in broken cell
      preparations from brain. However, only bestatin enhanced the pharmacological
      response to enkephalin in the guinea-pig ileum and ileal longitudinal muscle.
      Bestatin enhanced the response to enkephalin in a concentration-dependent
      fashion. Furthermore, bestatin also decreased the formation of [3H]Tyr and
      increased [3H]Leu-enkephalin content after incubation of the guinea-pig ileum
      with [3H]Leu-enkephalin. In contrast, puromycin did not shift the concentration
      response curve to Met-enkephalin in either the intact guinea-pig ileum or the
      ileal longitudinal muscle and, likewise, no alteration in the degradation of
      [3H]Leu- or Met-enkephalin occurred with puromycin. A small enhancing effect of
      puromycin on the duration of the inhibitory effect of enkephalin was observed
      only in the guinea-pig longitudinal muscle. This enhancement cannot be explained
      by an effect on enkephalin degradation, but may be related to some other action
      of puromycin. These data support the importance of aminopeptidase activity to the
      degradation of enkephalin and indicate that enzymes which have properties in
      common with Leu-aminopeptidases rather than arylamidases may be the primary
      aminopeptidases responsible for terminating the pharmacological actions of
      enkephalins in intact guinea-pig ileal preparations.

PMID- 6822964
TI  - Evaluation of ocular toxicity of two beta blocking drugs, carteolol and
      practolol, in beagle dogs.
AB  - The ocular effects of two beta blocking drugs, carteolol and practolol, were
      assessed in beagle dogs. Practolol-treated dogs showed a tear flow reduction:
      histopathological examination showed lymphocytic infiltration in the lacrymal
      glands and electroretinogram showed a decrease in the amplitudes of the A + B
      wave. By contrast, no drug-related abnormal changes were observed in carteolol
      treated dogs. These results were thought to indicate that a tear flow measurement
      and electroretinogram examination should be used in the evaluation of the safety
      of beta blocking drugs.

PMID- 6822965
TI  - Actions of nifedipine on calcium fluxes and contraction in isolated rat arteries.
AB  - Experiments were performed on isolated rat aorta and superior mesenteric artery
      in order to study the action of nifedipine on norepinephrine and K-depolarization
      evoked contractions and transmembrane calcium fluxes. Concentration-dependent
      contractions were obtained with norepinephrine in physiological solution and with
      Ca++ in K-depolarizing solution. Nifedipine caused a concentration-dependent
      depression of the maximum response. When aorta was depolarized by 40 mM KCI
      (instead of usual 100 mM KCI concentration), high concentrations of Ca++ evoked a
      relaxation that was also blocked by nifedipine. The action of nifedipine has been
      examined on Ca influx and efflux in arteries stimulated by norepinephrine and K
      depolarization. Norepinephrine-evoked Ca influx, but not Ca efflux, was reduced
      by nifedipine. Concentration inhibitory curves for Ca influx and contraction
      could be superimposed. K-depolarization-dependent Ca entry and Ca efflux were
      blocked by nifedipine at concentrations lower than those required to antagonize
      norepinephrine actions. The results suggest that the action of nifedipine on
      artery contractility can be related to blockade of calcium entry through channels
      opened during depolarization or receptor-response coupling.

PMID- 6822963
TI  - Effect of intracarotid administration of morphine and naloxone on plasma
      vasopressin levels and blood pressure in the dog.
AB  - The effects of intracarotid injection of morphine and naloxone on plasma
      vasopressin levels and arterial blood pressure were examined in pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs. Morphine administration decreased blood pressure in a dose
      dependent fashion with a threshold between 10 and 50 micrograms/kg. Plasma levels
      of vasopressin rose in parallel with the decrease in blood pressure and were
      significantly elevated after doses of 50 and 100 micrograms/kg of morphine.
      Intracarotid injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg) increased
      blood pressure slightly, but significantly, and increased plasma concentrations
      of vasopressin approximately 60%. Pretreatment with naloxone did not blunt the
      hypotensive effect of morphine at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg, but enhanced the
      secretion of vasopressin in response to the morphine stimulus; plasma vasopressin
      levels were 5-fold greater than those found in animals given morphine but not
      pretreated with naloxone. Pretreatment with the histamine receptor blockers
      chlorpheniramine and cimetidine blunted morphine-induced (50 micrograms/kg)
      hypotension by about 50% and prevented a significant increase in the plasma
      vasopressin concentration. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that
      stimulation of vasopressin secretion by systemically administered morphine is
      secondary to the blood pressure fall. However, it also appears that, in the
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dog, naloxone-sensitive systems exert a tonic
      inhibitory influence over both vasopressin secretion and blood pressure.

PMID- 6822967
TI  - Acute postnatal exposure to triethyltin in the rat: effects on specific protein
      composition of subcellular fractions from developing and adult brain.

PMID- 6822969
TI  - Circulating oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy in the African elephant
      (Loxodonta africana).
AB  - Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestriol were measured in plasma samples from
      non-pregnant and pregnant African elephants shot in the wild. Enzymic hydrolysis
      of plasma showed that approximately 90 and 96% of the total (i.e. conjugated plus
      unconjugated) concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta, respectively
      were represented by conjugated hormones. Unconjugated oestrogens remained low
      (less than 50 pg ml) in all samples, with no distinction between non-pregnant and
      pregnant animals. Levels of total oestrone during pregnancy varied between 160
      and 594 pg/ml but were not significantly different from non-pregnant values.
      Total oestradiol-17 beta concentrations were significantly elevated during
      pregnancy (P less than 0 X 01) and, despite considerable individual variation
      (193-1428 pg/ml), were consistently higher than non-pregnant values after 6
      months of gestation. The elevated levels of oestradiol-17 beta resulted in a
      reversal of the total oestradiol-17 beta: oestrone concentration ratio at about 6
      months of pregnancy. Concentrations of total oestriol did not exceed 103 pg/ml.
      An indirect method of measurement indicated that oestradiol-17 beta sulphate was
      probably the most abundant circulating oestrogen during pregnancy in the African
      elephant.

PMID- 6822966
TI  - Effects of p-aminohippurate and pyrazinoate on the renal excretion of salicylate
      in the rat: a micropuncture study.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of p-aminohippurate and pyrazinoate (PZA) on the transport
      of salicylate were studied by free-flow micropuncture in the rat. p
      Aminohippurate (5, 10 or 25 mumol/kg X min) and PZA (10 or 25 mumol/kg X min)
      inhibited proximal tubular secretion of salicylate; they induced decreases in the
      fractional delivery of salicylate to the late proximal tubules. In alkalotic
      rats, the late proximal decrease in fractional delivery of salicylate was
      accompanied by a decreased fractional excretion of salicylate. In contrast, such
      a decrease in fractional excretion of salicylate was not observed in rats in
      normal acid-base balance. A greater rate of PZA infusion (25 mumol/kg X min) not
      only inhibited secretion, but also depressed a reabsorptive carrier-mediated
      transport of salicylate. Thus, in alkalotic rats, fractional delivery of
      salicylate to late proximal tubules were 1.90 +/- 0.15, 0.90 +/- 0.10 and 1.34 +/
      0.13, respectively, for control rats and rats infused with 10 or 25 mumol/kg X
      min of PZA. The corresponding values of fractional excretion of salicylate were
      1.21 +/- 0.09, 0.61 +/- 0.05 and 0.08 +/- 0.09, respectively. The data suggest
      that salicylate is secreted as well as reabsorbed by carrier-mediated mechanisms
      and that there may be two secretory mechanisms.

PMID- 6822968
TI  - Effects of carbamazepine on muscle tone in the decerebrate cat.
AB  - Previous studies, which have demonstrated that carbamazepine (CBZ) possesses
      direct muscle spindle suppressant activity, suggest that CBZ may have therapeutic
      value in the treatment of hypertonic disorders characterized by high fusimotor
      drive. The effects of CBZ on motor tone in the midcollicular decerebrate cat were
      therefore examined. CBZ, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced muscle
      tone, as measured by the force necessary to overcome hyperextension. Significant
      depression was first observed at a serum concentration of about 25 micrograms/ml,
      whereas 50% depression occurred at about 40 micrograms/ml. These effects could
      not be attributed to the hypotensive effect of the drug. CBZ produced little or
      no effect on spontaneous gamma motoneuron activity recorded in teased ventral
      roots of segmentally deafferented spinal cords of decerebrate animals;
      chlorpromazine, however, was effective in suppressing such activity. In the same
      preparations, CBZ reduced polysynaptic but had little effect on monosynaptic
      spinal reflexes evoked by dorsal root stimulation. The drug also shortened the
      duration of the pause in spontaneous gamma motoneuron activity after dorsal root
      stimulation. Serum concentrations which diminished extensor rigidity in
      decerebrate cats induced mild to moderate intoxication in intact unanesthetized
      cats. This was characterized by ataxic gait, sedation and hypotonia. These
      experiments indicate that CBZ may be of value alone or adjunctively in the
      reduction of some forms of muscle hypertonicity.

PMID- 6822971
TI  - Influence of caffeine on movement characteristics, fertilizing capacity and
      ability to penetrate cervical mucus of human spermatozoa.
AB  - When added to frozen-thawed human semen, the 3 doses of caffeine tested (2, 5 and
      10 mM) induced a significant increase in the percentage of motile spermatozoa but
      did not influence the quality of movement. Considerable variability was noted
      between samples in their responsiveness to caffeine which, at the 5 and 10 mM
      doses, was significantly correlated with the degree of motility lost during
      cryostorage. Caffeine treatment of frozen-thawed human spermatozoa also increased
      the number of spermatozoa penetrating cervical mucus in unit time, by increasing
      the frequency rather than the success of collisions between spermatozoa and the
      cervical mucus interface. When caffeine-stimulated spermatozoa were washed free
      of seminal plasma containing this compound they were no longer at an advantage
      with respect to their motility or fertilizing ability. When 2 mM-caffeine was
      added to washed suspensions of capacitated spermatozoa it failed to stimulate
      motility but did significantly enhance the fertilizing ability of the
      spermatozoa, indicating a possible clinical role for this compound in in-vitro
      fertilization therapy.

PMID- 6822972
TI  - Relative concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15 ketoprostaglandin F-2 alpha in blood
      and milk of buffaloes during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

PMID- 6822973
TI  - Synergistic role of prolactin and testosterone in the regulation of acid
      phosphatase activity and isoenzyme pattern in the accessory sex organs of adult
      male rats.

PMID- 6822970
TI  - Immunochemical demonstration of a new pregnancy protein in the mare.
AB  - An antiserum against the serum of a pregnant mare was absorbed with stallion
      serum. This antiserum then gave two precipitates in crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      with serum from pregnant mares as the antigen. The two precipitates exhibited
      beta-1 and alpha-2 electrophoretic mobility. Identity was demonstrated between
      the alpha-2 mobile protein and PMSG. The absorbed antiserum inhibited the
      biological action of the PMSG preparation when tested in mouse ovarian weight
      assays. The beta-1 mobile protein was not detected in the serum from non-pregnant
      mares, stallions or geldings and was detected earlier in pregnancy (Day 30) than
      was PMSG (Day 42).

PMID- 6822974
TI  - Luteal and follicular populations in the ovary of the opossum (Didelphis
      virginiana) after ovulation.
AB  - The maximum diameters of all luteal and antral follicular structures were
      measured in opossum ovaries on Days 3, 7 and 11 after oestrus, and follicles were
      classed as developing or atretic. Ovarian weights and luteal diameters were
      equivalent in comparisons of pregnant and non-pregnant animals on each day. The
      number of CL (range 45-85) per animal per cycle indicated a very high ovulation
      rate for a mammal. Luteinized follicles (1-4 per ovary) were identified in all
      Day-3 ovaries. Ovarian weight, luteal diameter and follicular diameter were
      greater on Day 7 than on Days 3 or 11. More antral follicles occurred on Day 11
      (120 +/- 10.7, s.e.m.) than Day 3 (77.8 +/- 8.8), although the percentage of
      atretic antral follicles also increased from 20% to 50 and 57% on Days 7 and 11.
      These increases were not accompanied by an increase in the number of developing
      antral follicles (58.1 +/- 4.0), thus indicating a mid-luteal increase in the
      rate of follicular recruitment, of growth and of atresia in the opossum.

PMID- 6822975
TI  - In-vitro secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum of the tammar wallaby,
      Macropus eugenii.
AB  - Luteal tissue collected from tammars 0, 5, 9 and 16 days after removal of pouch
      young actively produced progesterone in vitro. On Days 5, 9 and 16 luteal
      progesterone concentration was not significantly different from Day 0
      (quiescence). However, the net production of progesterone was significantly
      higher on Day 5 (P less than 0 X 05) than at any other stage, and we suggest that
      the corpus luteum is the main source of the rise in progesterone in the
      peripheral circulation at Days 5-8 of the delayed or non-delayed cycle. Addition
      of ovine prolactin to corpora lutea incubated on Day 5 after removal of pouch
      young had no effect on luteal progesterone concentration or the production of
      progesterone. We therefore conclude that the tonic inhibition exerted by
      prolactin on the corpus luteum does not affect the steroidogenic capacity of the
      luteal tissue but may inhibit luteal cell growth during quiescence.

PMID- 6822976
TI  - Inhibin in individual ovine follicles in relation to diameter and atresia.
AB  - Inhibin activity was measured by bioassay in follicular fluid of 99 individual
      ovine follicles ranging from 1 . 4 to 6 . 8 mm diameter (used to calculate
      volume) and in various stages of atresia. Treatment of samples before assay with
      charcoal concentrations of greater than 1 mg/ml resulted in significant loss of
      inhibin activity. The inhibin content of follicular fluid from individual
      follicles varied with follicular fluid volume but not with the degree of atresia,
      as assessed by morphological criteria. Inhibin concentration was not related to
      atresia, but was correlated with follicular fluid volume. However, aromatase
      activity in granulosa cells and oestradiol-17 beta concentration of follicular
      fluid, considered to be good indices of atresia, were highly correlated with both
      inhibin content and concentration in follicles greater than or equal to 3 . 5 mm
      diameter. Inhibin in ovine follicular fluid shows marked variation between
      follicles and it is suggested that this reflects a combination of the number and
      activity of granulosa cells within the follicle and the exit rate of inhibin from
      the follicle.

PMID- 6822977
TI  - Electroejaculation and semen analysis and freezing in the giant panda (Ailuropoda
      melanoleuca).
AB  - Semen was collected by a standardized electroejaculation procedure from a giant
      panda on 4 occasions. Ejaculate volume, sperm count and % sperm motility were 2.3
      3.6 ml, 62-562 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml and 45-85%, respectively. The results,
      although limited to a single male, suggested a seasonal influence on ejaculate
      and gonadal parameters with improved ejaculate volume, sperm motility and
      increased testicular size in the season proximate to the female's oestrous
      period. Frozen-thawed spermatozoa were motile with no apparent abnormalities
      induced by the freezing procedure.

PMID- 6822978
TI  - Ovulation response and fertilization failure in immature rats induced to
      superovulate.
AB  - Immature female rats (75 g body wt, aged 29 days) were injected with 4 or 40 i.u.
      PMSG on Day -2 and were killed at intervals between 18:00 h on Day -2 and 09:00 h
      on Day 1. Control animals (4 i.u.) ovulated between 00:30 and 05:30 h on Day 1
      whereas the number of ova recovered from superovulated rats (40 i.u. PMSG)
      increased slowly between 06:00 h on Day -1 and 24:00 h on Day 0 and markedly
      between 24:00 on Day 0 and 06:00 on Day 1. Similarly treated rats were caged
      overnight on Day 0 with males of proven fertility and killed between 14:00 and
      16:00 h on Day 1. A significantly lower percentage of normal 1-cell ova was
      recovered from the superovulated rats compared to control animals (71.6 and
      98.5%) and of these 1-cell ova a lower percentage was fertilized (69.7 and
      99.1%). In the control group all mated animals had a high proportion of ova
      fertilized whereas 26% of superovulated rats had none or a very low proportion
      fertilized. In the control animals there was evidence of sperm penetration and
      pronucleus formation; in superovulated rats significantly fewer ova had pronuclei
      than were penetrated. These results suggest that reduced fertility of
      superovulated immature rats is due to complete or partial failure of
      fertilization in some animals. The extended period during which ovulation occurs
      may be a contributory factor.

PMID- 6822979
TI  - Influence of incubation conditions, tunicamycin and castration on incorporation
      of [3H]mannose and [3H]fucose into rat epididymal glycoproteins in vitro.
AB  - The incorporation of radioactive mannose and fucose into secretory glycoproteins
      by rat epididymal tissue was studied using tissue pieces in vitro. The appearance
      of radioactive macromolecular products in the medium occurred after a lag phase
      of 2 h with radioactive mannose, but with radioactive fucose the lag phase was
      only 15 min. Preincubation of tissue for 2 h before the addition of radioactive
      mannose increased the subsequent rate of incorporation by reducing the lag phase
      from 2 to 1 h. Tunicamycin reduced the incorporation of radioactive mannose and
      fucose into macromolecular products to approximately 15 and 50% of normal in the
      caput and cauda respectively; maximum inhibition required 10 micrograms
      tunicamycin/ml in the caput and 2 micrograms/ml in the cauda. Reduction of
      radioactive sugar incorporation by tunicamycin did not result in qualitative
      changes in the profile of the radioactive glycoproteins that were secreted.
      However, immunoprecipitation of proteins D and E from incubations with
      radioactive methionine or mannose revealed that tunicamycin caused these proteins
      to be synthesized and secreted in a non-glycosylated form. Prior castration of
      animals reduced the incorporation of radioactive mannose and fucose, and
      qualitative changes in the profiles of secreted radioactive glycoproteins were
      apparent.

PMID- 6822981
TI  - Writing courses in American medical schools.
AB  - U.S. medical schools were surveyed to determine the extent and nature of
      instruction in medical writing. Of the 101 schools responding, only 15 offered
      writing courses. Seven of the 15 offered only brief seminars or workshops. The
      other eight offered full-term courses (greater than eight weeks or more than 15
      hours of instruction). Those not offering courses indicated a need but claimed
      lack of time, lack of interest on the part of those needing instruction, or lack
      of qualified faculty members as major reasons for not having the courses. These
      obstacles can be overcome by designing the writing course to complement existing
      elements of the curriculum and by soliciting the help of writing specialists on
      campus.

PMID- 6822980
TI  - An innovation in physician training: the Clinical Scholars Program.
AB  - The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program was developed to
      allow selected physician clinicians to acquire certain skills which are not part
      of the usual physician's repertoire. Begun in 1969 with support from the Carnegie
      Corporation and the Commonwealth Fund, funding has been provided since 1973 by
      the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. By June 1981, 309 physicians had completed
      their training as clinical scholars, and a majority were pursuing careers in
      academic medicine. This paper recounts the factors and forces which led to the
      initiation and development of the program, its successes and failures, the
      problems faced, the achievements of clinical scholar alumni, and the program's
      current status.

PMID- 6822983
TI  - Transfer of student learning in medical education.
AB  - Transfer of learning among the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains and
      among three clinical disciplines--medicine, pediatrics, and surgery--was examined
      in the final year of a medical student clerkship program. Rather than following
      the traditional psychological approach, the authors used a model based on
      ethnographic analysis followed by performance measurement. The general assumption
      that what students learn in one subject area is transferred to another area was
      questioned. A total of 120 medical students were assessed in knowledge, skills,
      and attitudes prior to and after three clinical rotations. The results indicated
      that learning was discipline-specific as well as specific to the learning domain
      studied. Therefore, no generalizations can be made from the study of one subject
      area or one specific aspect of student learning to another. The use of an
      alternative methodology to study complex behavior rather than the traditional
      paradigm is suggested.

PMID- 6822982
TI  - Decision-making among emergency room residents: preliminary observations and a
      decision model.
AB  - Emergency room residents face a range of clinical decisions and often call on
      senior residents or faculty members for help. The individual clinical decision
      process has frequently been analyzed, but little attention has been given to the
      social process in clinical decision-making. Based on data from interviews and
      over 100 hours of direct observation at two large urban general hospitals with
      busy emergency rooms staffed by medical and surgical residents, the authors
      suggest there are five basic decision situations. In each situation, the
      residents appeared to follow implicit decision patterns about involving other
      medical and surgical staff in the final clinical decision. The decision
      situations are nonacute, routine acute, nonroutine acute, multispecialty acute,
      and crisis. These situations call for individual, consultive, or consensual
      patterns in making decisions. The consequences of these patterns are explored.
      Improving residents' decision-making should contribute to improved understanding
      of the resident's role, better resident supervision, and better emergency room
      functioning.

PMID- 6822985
TI  - Medical students' attitudes toward learning and learning-related skills: a four
      year study.

PMID- 6822986
TI  - An evaluation of a computerized exercise in teaching cost consciousness.

PMID- 6822984
TI  - Dermatologic practice: implications for a primary care residency curriculum.
AB  - The problems encountered, diagnostic procedures performed, and treatments
      prescribed in dermatology were studied in a primary care practice and in a
      dermatology clinic. Referrals from a primary care practice to a dermatology
      practice were analyzed. It was determined that nine disease categories accounted
      for more than 75 percent of the problems encountered in both settings. Only one
      diagnostic procedure was performed commonly in both the primary care and
      dermatology practices--skin scraping for fungal infection. Approximately 90
      percent of the treatments prescribed in both settings fell within 13 categories.
      It is proposed that these findings be the basis for designing the curriculum in
      dermatology for residents in primary care medicine. The curriculum also should
      provide practical experience in dermatology and familiarity with selected, rarely
      encountered dermatologic conditions that have important therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6822987
TI  - Effectiveness of medical consultation.

PMID- 6822988
TI  - Occupational history-taking in a family practice academic setting.

PMID- 6822989
TI  - Evaluation of physicians' requests for autopsies.

PMID- 6822990
TI  - Medical students' attitudes: whose responsibility?

PMID- 6822991
TI  - The changing economic environment.

PMID- 6822992
TI  - Sustaining human values.

PMID- 6822994
TI  - Isolation of species of Yersinia from patients with gastroenteritis in Nigeria.
AB  - From patients in Nigeria with acute gastroenteritis, strains of Yersinia were
      isolated from 14 (1.3%) of 1082 specimens of faeces examined specifically for
      yersiniae by direct plating and after cold enrichment. Clinical significance was
      ascribed to six isolates of Y. enterocolitica (serotypes 03, 05,27 and 09) but
      not to seven isolates of Y. intermedia or one isolate of Y. frederikseni.

PMID- 6822995
TI  - Lack of protection by pneumococcal vaccine after splenectomy in mice challenged
      with aerosolized pneumococci.
AB  - The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine given after splenectomy lacks experimental
      validation. Adult CD-1 male mice that received type III pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharide vaccine 1 microgram IP, 48 hours postsplenectomy and 7 days before
      challenge with aerosolized type III Streptococcus pneumoniae had a significantly
      higher mortality (96%) compared to immunized controls (64%) (p less than 0.002).
      The vaccine protected immunized sham-operated mice compared to unimmunized
      controls (p less than 0.015). Mice immunized 7 days before splenectomy were
      equally protected when compared to immunized sham-operated mice (p = NS). All
      deaths were secondary to culture-proven pneumococcal infection. These findings
      corroborate previous experimental and clinical studies demonstrating an impaired
      immunologic response and increased susceptibility to infection in asplenic
      individuals. Pneumococcal vaccines should be given before nonemergent
      splenectomy. Alternatives to splenectomy should be considered for patients with
      traumatized spleens where possible.

PMID- 6822993
TI  - Effect of glucose concentration in the growth medium upon neutral and acidic
      fermentation end-products of Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium sporogenes and
      peptostreptococcus anaerobius.
AB  - Clostridium bifermentans, C. sporogenes and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were
      grown in Fastidious Anaerobe Broth with glucose concentrations from 0-1.5% (w/v).
      Gas chromatographic (GLC) analysis of fermentation end-products revealed that a
      change in glucose concentration markedly affected fermentation patterns of each
      microorganism. Increased glucose concentration resulted in stimulation of ethanol
      production by all strains, and of butanol and butyric acid by C. sporogenes. With
      C. bifermentans, there was a parallel increase in ethanol and acetic acid
      production and decreased formation of propanol and propionic, iso-butyric and iso
      valeric acids. Increased ethanol formation by P. anaerobius was accompanied by an
      increase in acetic acid and a decrease in butan-1-ol production. The greatest
      incremental change in GLC profiles occurred when glucose concentration was raised
      from zero to 0.1% (w/v). These data suggest that glucose concentration in a
      medium for GLC analysis must be rigorously controlled if reproducible results are
      to be obtained.

PMID- 6822997
TI  - Closed treatment of isolated radial head fractures.
AB  - Three hundred eighty-seven cases of isolated fractures of the radial head are
      reviewed, that were treated over a 20-year period by the authors without
      operative intervention. Mason types I, II, and III were all included in this
      group. Excellent and good results were usually obtained. Seventeen radial head
      fractures were excised during the same 20 years because of severely displaced
      and/or loose fracture fragments. Roentgenographic and physical examination were
      the criteria for surgery rather than any specific classifications. The
      cooperation of the patient with early range of motion exercises was the major
      factor in obtaining excellent or good results with this injury.

PMID- 6822996
TI  - Intravenous albumin administration in acid aspiration syndrome in rabbits.
AB  - The possible value of albumin in a rabbit model of the acid aspiration syndrome
      was studied. Hydrochloric acid was instilled into the respiratory tracts of three
      groups of rabbits: Group A received a high intravenous dose of human albumin (1.5
      gm/kg body weight); Group B (control) was given Hartmann's solution, and Group C
      a low dose of albumin (0.25 gm/kg body weight). The total amount of intravenous
      fluids was identical in all groups. Serum and pulmonary edema fluid (PEF)
      concentrations of total protein were highest in Group A. Simultaneous
      concentration gradients between serum and PEF for total protein, human and rabbit
      albumin, and globulin fractions were not statistically different in the three
      groups. In Group A, PEF appeared first and PaO2, static compliance, and
      hematocrit decreased significantly more than those of the two other groups.
      Survival of animals in Group C was highest. An additional Group (D) of rabbits
      received the same high dose of albumin without acid aspiration. In Group D
      hematocrit decreased while serum total protein and pulmonary function remained
      unchanged. It seems that a high dose of albumin causes a further deterioration of
      lung function following acid aspiration because of extravasation into the
      interstitial space. The administration of low doses of albumin was not different
      than Hartmann's solution, but led to the best survival in our model.

PMID- 6822998
TI  - The off-profile proximal radial epiphysis: another potential pitfall in the X-ray
      diagnosis of elbow trauma.
AB  - If the elbow is filmed in flexion in a pubertal age child, the proximal radial
      epiphyseal line may be projected through the articular surface of the radial head
      on standard or oblique AP views. This can theoretically mimic a fissure or chisel
      type fracture. Fractures involving the articular surface of the radial head,
      however, are extremely rare in children and the true fissure fractures that occur
      in the adult are notably different in specific radiographic features.

PMID- 6822999
TI  - Penetrating injuries of the neck: criteria for exploration.
AB  - One hundred thirty-six patients with penetrating injuries of the neck over a 4
      year period were studied prospectively. Seventy-two patients (52.9%) had no major
      physical signs on admission, 56 were observed without complications, and 16 had a
      negative exploration. Injuries below the level of the cricoid cartilage were
      associated with a very high mortality (12.12%). We recommend a policy of
      selective conservatism in the management of penetrating neck injuries.

PMID- 6823000
TI  - Bladder problems in pelvic injuries treated with external fixator and direct
      urethral drainage.
AB  - In the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures, external fixators provide the
      advantages of substantial pain relief, easier nursing care, early mobilization,
      decreased hospital stay, and direct access to open wounds. Urethral catheter
      drainage alone for ruptured bladders obviates the need for open surgical repair
      in a critically injured patient and reduces morbidity and pain. Three cases are
      reported with bladder complications arising from these recently advocated methods
      of management; two with external fixators and one with urethral catheter
      drainage. In one patient with an external fixator, stretching of the bladder over
      a bone fragment resulted in transient hematuria with activity. In a second
      patient, the protruding bladder wall was caught between opposing pubic rami. In
      an extraperitoneal bladder rupture with pubic rami fractures, urethral catheter
      drainage alone resulted in a pseudodiverticulum of the bladder with a bone
      fragment projecting through the hole in the bladder cavity. These cases
      illustrate some complications with these recently advocated methods of management
      of unstable pelvic fracture and ruptured bladder.

PMID- 6823001
TI  - Perforation of the jejunum from blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - Thirteen cases of jejunal perforation from blunt trauma are presented. There are
      no reliable signs or symptoms, and a normal physical examination may be seen.
      Free intraperitoneal air on plain radiograms is characteristically absent. Simple
      debridement and closure is adequate. Mortality is usually associated with other
      serious concomitant injuries, and complications are associated with diagnostic
      delays. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a safe and reliable procedure for
      establishing an early diagnosis of serious intraperitoneal injury. Its routine
      use in all cases of serious blunt abdominal trauma is advocated.

PMID- 6823002
TI  - Fatal epistaxis in craniofacial trauma.
AB  - Facial trauma often results in minor and infrequently results in major bleeding
      in the structures of the face. We have recently observed two patients who
      suffered fatal hemorrhages which could have been controlled using relatively
      simple measures. Treating physicians often overlook this serious and potentially
      life-threatening source of hemorrhage until the patient has been in shock for
      long periods of time and irreversible ischemic brain damage and renal failure
      have occurred. With careful attention to examination of the face and oropharynx,
      hemorrhage from these sites can be identified early and the appropriate measures
      taken to control epistaxis.

PMID- 6823003
TI  - Percutaneous tension band wiring: a new method of internal fixation for mildly
      displaced patella fracture.

PMID- 6823004
TI  - Simultaneous interphalangeal dislocation in one finger.
AB  - A case of simultaneous dislocation of both interphalangeal joints in a single
      finger in a volleyball player is reported. Reduction was achieved with
      longitudinal traction and full motion was regained following appropriate
      immobilization. It appears that the mechanism of injury was a hyperextension
      force which initially produced dorsal dislocation of the distal interphalangeal
      joint but even after producing this injury was still prominent enough to produce
      dorsal dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 6823005
TI  - Simultaneous closed dislocation of both interphalangeal joints in one finger.
AB  - A rare case of simultaneous dislocation of both interphalangeal joints in one
      finger in a table-tennis player is presented. The second dislocation took place
      when the first dislocated joint became the fixed part of the finger as it hit a
      wall. Treatment was, first, hyperextension to unlock the base of the phalanx,
      then traction along the phalanx: its base was then pushed into contact with the
      head of the proximal phalanx. Splinting was applied with the joint in slight
      flexion.

PMID- 6823007
TI  - Medicolegal aspects of arthritis.

PMID- 6823006
TI  - Nutritional assessment and support: scientific inquiry?

PMID- 6823008
TI  - Protein covalently bound to minus-strand DNA intermediates of duck hepatitis B
      virus.
AB  - Analysis of duck hepatitis B viral DNA by gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting,
      and binding to benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose showed that a protein is
      bound to the minus-strand virion DNA as well as to the full-length single strand,
      minus-strand species, and minus-strand DNA intermediates isolated from
      replicating complexes present in infected duck liver. By utilizing a modified
      dideoxynucleotidyl sequencing method, it was shown that the protein is covalently
      bound to the smallest detectable growing strands (ca. 30 bases) and that minus
      strand synthesis begins at a unique site. These results support the notion that
      the protein may function as a primer for synthesis of the minus-strand DNA.

PMID- 6823009
TI  - Parvovirus genome: nucleotide sequence of H-1 and mapping of its genes by hybrid
      arrested translation.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the parvovirus H-1 has been determined by the chain
      terminating method of Sanger. The sequence is 5,176 nucleotides long. Two large
      open reading frames (1 and 2) and two smaller open reading frames (3 and 4) of
      potential importance were identified in the plus-strand sequence. Promoter
      sequences are located at map positions 4 and 38 when map positions are expressed
      as percent of genome length from the 3' end of the virion minus strand. The
      locations for the genes for the parvovirus capsid proteins and a 76,000-dalton
      noncapsid protein (NCVP1) were mapped by hybrid-arrested translation. The gene
      for the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2' is located in the 5' half of the virus
      genome. The gene for NCVP1 is located in the 3' half of the viral DNA.

PMID- 6823010
TI  - Thermostabilities of virion activities of Newcastle disease virus: evidence that
      the temperature-sensitive mutants in complementation groups B, BC, and C have
      altered HN proteins.
AB  - Four virion activities of Newcastle disease virus (hemagglutinating,
      neuraminidase, hemolytic, and infectious activities) were examined before and
      after heat stress in low-salt buffer and physiological salt buffer (phosphate
      buffered saline). The hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of the
      Australia-Victoria wild-type (AV-WT) strain were thermostable at both salt
      concentrations tested, whereas the thermostabilities of the hemolytic and
      infectious activities were salt dependent (thermostable in phosphate-buffered
      saline but not in low-salt buffer). Virions of RNA(+) temperature-sensitive (ts)
      mutants of AV-WT were tested for the stabilities of the four activities. Some
      mutants in groups B, BC, and C were as stable as AV-WT in all functions, but
      others were much less stable in all functions. The unstable mutants in groups B,
      BC, and C affirmed the assignment of the ts lesions of these mutants to the
      hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN) protein gene because HN function(s) are required
      for all four activities. The instability of these ts mutants was not related to
      their decreased virion HN protein content and was not due to physical loss of the
      HN protein from the virions. Three of four ts(+) plaque-forming revertants of the
      least stable mutant, BC2, coreverted for stability, confirming that the unstable
      phenotype is indeed the result of the mutation responsible for the ts phenotype.
      Group D mutants were approximately as stable as AV-WT in hemagglutinating,
      neuraminidase, and hemolytic activities; this is consistent with this group
      representing a lesion in a gene other than the HN protein gene. However, the
      infectivities of two of the three group D mutants were less stable than the
      infectivity of AV-WT in low-salt buffer.

PMID- 6823011
TI  - Sequence arrangement and protein coding capacity of the adenovirus type 2 "i"
      leader.
AB  - The adenovirus type 2 (Ad-2) "i" leader is an RNA segment which is preserved in
      some mRNA species from the Ad-2 late transcription unit. It maps between the
      second and third segments of the standard tripartite leader. We located the
      boundaries of the i leader in genomic Ad-2 DNA and determined its nucleotide
      sequence. The leader contains an ATG initiator near its 5' boundary, followed by
      a reading frame which is open for translation. We suggest that the i leader
      constitutes an Ad-2 coding sequence whose novel position within the leader of
      major late transcription unit messengers allows it to be translated in preference
      to coding sequences in mRNA main bodies. The i leader potentially contributes to
      the coding sequences of a family of proteins. Also, a Northern blot analysis of
      late mRNAs containing the i leader suggests that it may be retained in the
      leaders of many different late transcription unit mRNAs. We compare the i leader
      to the simian virus 40 agnogene.

PMID- 6823012
TI  - Adenovirus-induced alterations of the cell growth cycle: a requirement for
      expression of E1A but not of E1B.
AB  - Mutants dl312, dl314, hr1, and hr3 with mutations in region E1A of adenovirus
      type 5 were defective for the induction of cell cycle abnormalities detectable by
      flow cytometry, cell DNA replication, thymidine kinase production, and chromosome
      aberrations and did not synthesize the viral DNA-binding protein (E2A) in rat
      cells. dl311, a leaky E1A mutant, induced cell cycle effects at high multiplicity
      in only one of three experiments, and synthesized the DNA-binding protein. hr7
      (E1B) gave a wild-type response in all tests. dl313 was also positive in all
      tests, although it induced fewer polyploid cells than did wild-type virus,
      probably because of the leftward extension of the dl313 E1B deletion into E1A.
      sub315 and sub316, with mutations which also span the E1A-E1B border, synthesized
      DNA-binding protein, but caused no cell cycle alterations detectable by flow
      cytometry in rat or mouse cells. Although the participation of other viral early
      regions cannot be completely excluded, our results suggest that alteration of
      cell cycle progression is a direct effect of E1A unrelated to its control of
      other viral early regions, and may be the function of E1A in transformation.

PMID- 6823013
TI  - Requirement for host transcription in the replication of Sindbis virus.
AB  - Host cell involvement in Sindbis virus (SB) replication was examined in cells
      which had been treated with either actinomycin D (AMD) or alpha-amanitin (alpha
      A). Treatment with these inhibitors of host transcription before infection
      reduced the ability of cells to support SB growth by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude,
      while having little or no effect on the replication of vesicular stomatitis
      virus. SB replication was sensitive to alpha-A in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary
      (CHO) cells but was resistant to alpha-A in CHOama-1 cells, a line which contains
      an alpha-A-resistant RNA polymerase II. A mutant of SB, SBamr, was isolated by
      mutagenesis followed by selection in cells which had been treated with AMD. SBamr
      grew normally not only in cells treated with AMD but also in alpha-A-treated
      cells. Our results suggest (i) that the synthesis of cellular mRNA (and
      presumably protein) is required for replication of SB, (ii) that prior treatment
      with either drug affects the same aspect of SB replication, and (iii) that
      mutations in the SB genome allow the virus to overcome the effect of inhibitors
      of host transcription.

PMID- 6823014
TI  - Mutant ts1 of bacteriophage PM2 is defective in the major capsid protein and
      fails to package its DNA.
AB  - Infection of Alteromonas espejiana at restrictive temperature with mutant ts1 of
      bacteriophage PM2 resulted in the intracellular accumulation of virus-sized empty
      appearing membrane vesicles. The DNA associated with purified vesicles was fully
      susceptible to digestion with DNase. Sedimentation analysis and electron
      microscopy suggested a full-length linear form of the normally circular viral
      genome. A pulse-chase-shift experiment suggested that [3H]thymidine-labeled DNA
      made under restrictive conditions is assembled into virions after shift to
      permissive temperature. A defective structural protein in the ts1 virion appears
      to be the cause of a rapid rate of thermal inactivation of infectivity. Analysis
      of the proteins of ts1 by isoelectric focusing indicated a more alkaline
      isoelectric mobility of the major capsid protein, sp27. Six spontaneous
      revertants of ts1 showed reversion to the wild-type isoelectric form of sp27.
      These results identify sp27 as the defective gene product of ts1. Taken together,
      these results suggest that the membrane of PM2 is formed without the aid of an
      inner core or an outer scaffolding.

PMID- 6823016
TI  - Effect of N,alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone on measles virus P
      and M polypeptides.
AB  - Treatment of measles virus-infected cells with 1 mM N,alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine
      chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) was observed to change the polyacrylamide gel
      migration of viral polypeptides P and M. Untreated cells contained P as a mixture
      of P1 (70,000 daltons) and P2 (65,000 daltons) and M as a 38,000-dalton band M1
      and a slightly smaller band, M2. TPCK treatment resulted in conversion of P
      largely to the 65,000-dalton band and of M to M1 and a slightly slower-migrating
      band. This effect could also be demonstrated by treating homogenates of infected
      cells with TPCK, and the evidence suggests that the compound reacts directly with
      the viral P and M polypeptides and thereby changes their gel migration. TPCK also
      inhibited measles virus-associated protein kinase, and treatment of virion
      preparations with the compound resulted in a loss of infectivity; however, it was
      not possible to directly correlate the inhibitory effect on these two biological
      functions with the change seen in polypeptides P and M.

PMID- 6823015
TI  - Influenza virus temperature-sensitive cap (m7GpppNm)-dependent endonuclease.
AB  - The first step in influenza viral mRNA synthesis is the endonucleolytic cleavage
      of heterologous RNAs containing cap 1 (m(7)GpppNm) structures to generate capped
      primers that are 10 to 13 nucleotides long, which are then elongated to form the
      viral mRNA chains. We examined the temperature sensitivity of these steps in
      vitro by using two WSN virus temperature-sensitive mutants, ts1 and ts6, which
      have a defect in the genome RNA segment coding for the viral PB2 protein. For
      these experiments, it was necessary to employ purified viral cores rather than
      detergent-treated virions to catalyze transcription, as preparations of detergent
      treated virions contain destabilizing or inhibitory activities which render even
      the transcription catalyzed by wild-type virus temperature sensitive. Using
      purified wild-type viral cores, we found that the rates of endonucleolytic
      cleavage of capped primers and of overall transcription were similar at 39.5 and
      33 degrees C, the in vivo nonpermissive and permissive temperatures,
      respectively. In contrast, the activities of the cap-dependent endonucleases of
      ts1 and ts6 viral cores at 39.5 degrees C were only about 15% of those at 33
      degrees C. The steps in transcription after endonucleolytic cleavage of the
      capped RNA primer were largely, if not totally, temperature insensitive,
      indicating that the mutations in the PB2 protein found in ts1 and ts6 virions
      affect only the endonuclease step. The temperature-sensitive defect is most
      likely in the recognition of the 5'-terminal cap 1 structure that occurs as a
      required first step in the endonuclease reaction: the cap-dependent binding of a
      specific capped primer fragment to ts1 viral cores was temperature sensitive
      under conditions in which binding to wild-type viral cores was not affected by
      increasing the temperature from 33 to 39.5 degrees C. Thus, our results establish
      that the viral PB2 protein functions in cap recognition during the endonuclease
      reaction.

PMID- 6823017
TI  - AIDS transmission: what about the hepatitis B vaccine?

PMID- 6823019
TI  - New technology for chromosome analysis.

PMID- 6823018
TI  - Linking chromosome defects with cancer.

PMID- 6823020
TI  - Wives who work lower their HDL levels.

PMID- 6823021
TI  - Surgery promising in sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 6823022
TI  - From the NIH: Improved methods of blood transfusion for patients with sickle cell
      anemia.

PMID- 6823023
TI  - Concurrent acute infection with hepatitis A and B.

PMID- 6823024
TI  - Body weight and diabetes.

PMID- 6823025
TI  - Death during jogging.

PMID- 6823026
TI  - Spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 6823027
TI  - Effect of alcohol intake on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in
      runners and inactive men.
AB  - Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) level was measured before and
      after alcohol abstinence and after resumption of a controlled alcohol dose in 16
      marathon runners, 15 joggers, and 13 inactive men. A three-week period of
      abstinence resulted in a significant decrease in HDLC concentration in the
      inactive men (49.8 to 41.8 mg/dL). Three weeks of alcohol consumption (1,065 mL
      of beer per day) produced a significant increase in HDLC level to 50.9 mg/dL. No
      change in HDLC level was found for the marathon group or the joggers during
      abstinence or three weeks of alcohol intake. The consumption of alcohol in
      moderation seems to be associated with increased HDLC levels in inactive men but
      not in men who engage in regular running or jogging.

PMID- 6823028
TI  - The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients.
AB  - Two hundred fifteen randomly accessed cancer patients who were new admissions to
      three collaborating cancer centers were examined for the presence of formal
      psychiatric disorder. Each patient was assessed in a common protocol via a
      psychiatric interview and standardized psychological tests. The American
      Psychiatric Association's DSM-III diagnostic system was used in making the
      diagnoses. Results indicated that 47% of the patients received a DSM-III
      diagnosis, with 44% being diagnosed as manifesting a clinical syndrome and 3%
      with personality disorders. Approximately 68% of the psychiatric diagnoses
      consisted of adjustment disorders, with 13% representing major affective
      disorders (depression). The remaining diagnoses were split among organic mental
      disorders (8%), personality disorders (7%), and anxiety disorders (4%).
      Approximately 85% of those patients with a positive psychiatric condition were
      experiencing a disorder with depression or anxiety as the central symptom. The
      large majority of conditions were judged to represent highly treatable disorders.

PMID- 6823029
TI  - Complications of intravenous phenytoin for acute treatment of seizures.
      Recommendations for usage.
AB  - Intravenous (IV) phenytoin sodium in small volumes of normal saline was
      administered in a municipal hospital emergency department for treatment of
      convulsions in 200 patients. A total of 72 complications developed in 51
      patients. Twenty-nine complications were burning pain at the IV site, and 36 were
      related to excessive total dose of phenytoin and resultant drug intoxication.
      Seven other patients had cardiovascular complications, including hypotension and
      arrhythmias. These seven complications were related to high concentrations of
      drug administered at a rapid rate. Both the IV and cardiovascular complications
      promptly resolved when the IV rate was slowed or temporarily stopped. No patient
      died, and none was hospitalized because of a complication. The authors propose
      specific guidelines for the safe administration of IV phenytoin.

PMID- 6823030
TI  - Good health care for the aged.
AB  - Despite the recent upsurge of interest in geriatrics, relatively little guidance
      has been given on what constitutes good health care for the aged. Ten basic
      principles for good health care are outlined. They include emphasis on the
      restoration of functional ability; the building and maintenance of a support
      system; a broadened approach to health assessment; the application of specific
      medical knowledge and skills; cautious medical intervention; true advocacy for
      the patient; the acceptance of the legitimacy of death; increased community
      orientation; the allowance of sufficient time for recovery; and continuity of
      care. These principles should serve as the basis for educational, research, and
      service programs for the aged.

PMID- 6823031
TI  - Artifactual hypoglycemia associated with polycythemia vera.

PMID- 6823032
TI  - Severe metabolic complications in a cross-country runner with sickle cell trait.

PMID- 6823033
TI  - Fatal fat embolism after spinal fusion for scoliosis.
AB  - An adolescent girl who underwent Harrington instrumentation and spinal fusion for
      idiopathic scoliosis had the adult respiratory distress syndrome develop in the
      immediate postoperative period. Massive fat embolization to the lungs was present
      at postmortem examination, an apparently rare complication of this surgical
      procedure. This case emphasizes the necessity of maintaining a high index of
      suspicion. In any clinical setting that would place a patient at risk for fat
      emboli and illustrates the unreliability of many of the clinical and laboratory
      features frequently described as useful for establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 6823035
TI  - Symptomatic coronary artery disease in a marathon runner.

PMID- 6823034
TI  - Psychiatric disorders among cancer patients.

PMID- 6823037
TI  - Ethics of phase I clinical trials.

PMID- 6823036
TI  - Differential diagnosis in dermatology.

PMID- 6823038
TI  - Association between salicylates and Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 6823040
TI  - Mortality after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6823041
TI  - Acute rheumatic fever. A vanishing disease in suburbia.
AB  - We undertook a retrospective analysis of the incidence of acute rheumatic fever
      (ARF) in Memphis-Shelby County during the five-year period from 1977 through
      1981. Cases were identified by review of local hospital records and by mail and
      telephone communication with 327 primary care physicians and neurologists. Forty
      one patients met the modified Jones criteria, of whom 16 had conditions that were
      diagnosed in Memphis but who resided elsewhere. The overall ARF incidence among
      Memphis-Shelby County residents was 0.64 cases per 100,000 population each year.
      The highest rate, 3.74, was found among blacks aged 5 to 17 years residing in the
      inner city, while white children in the suburban and rural areas had a rate of
      only 0.49. Current strategies for prevention and diagnosis of ARF must take into
      account the extraordinarily low level to which the incidence of the disease has
      fallen in certain suburban US populations.

PMID- 6823039
TI  - Asteatosis and pruritus of the ear.

PMID- 6823042
TI  - Autopsy-determined causes of death after cardiac valve replacement.
AB  - We reviewed records of 378 patients who died after cardiac valve replacement and
      underwent autopsy at The Methodist Hospital, Houston, from 1962 through 1979.
      Patients were divided according to postoperative interval at death: within 30
      days (early) or 30 days to ten years (late). Early deaths (279 patients) were due
      almost exclusively to cardiovascular abnormalities or operative complications
      (94%). Only 6% of early deaths were caused by prosthesis-associated
      complications. In contrast, late deaths (99 patients) were valve related in 47%
      of cases, including complete thrombotic occlusion or systemic thromboembolism
      (21%), prosthetic valve endocarditis (14%), valve dehiscence (6%),
      anticoagulation-related hemorrhage (3%), and mechanical degeneration (2%). Nine
      percent of late deaths were unrelated to cardiovascular disease. Thus, while
      early deaths primarily reflected the severity of preexisting or associated
      cardiovascular disease, prosthesis-associated complications were an important
      cause of late death after cardiac valve replacement.

PMID- 6823045
TI  - An exchange of ophthalmologists with the People's Republic of China.
AB  - From 1978 through 1981, three teams of ophthalmologists from the United States
      have traveled to the People's Republic of China under the auspices of the World
      Eye Foundation. The purpose of these visits has been to open an avenue of
      exchange between American and Chinese ophthalmologists. The US ophthalmologists
      delivered lectures and participated in discussion groups with the Chinese
      ophthalmologists. They had the opportunity to participate in surgical teaching
      cases, including some using acupuncture anesthesia. They also had the opportunity
      to develop ongoing working and research relationships with many Chinese
      ophthalmologists. As a result of these working relationships, some of these
      Chinese ophthalmologists have had the opportunity to visit and study in the
      United States.

PMID- 6823044
TI  - Predictors of employment status after cardiac surgery.
AB  - Preoperative predictors of postoperative employment status were studied in 228
      patients (aged 25 to 64 years) who underwent cardiac surgery. Of the 150 patients
      working in the year before surgery, 73% returned within six months. Of those not
      so employed, 18% started working. Patients who expected preoperatively to return
      to work did so at an 82% rate compared with 39% of the others. This was a strong
      predictor in the multiple regression analysis. Educational level and family
      income were stronger predictors than occupation or level of physical exertion
      required. Rates of return were higher in patients with less severe angina and
      less fatigue preoperatively, but did not differ significantly by sex, surgical
      procedure, or duration of illness. Seven variables predicted work status
      correctly for 86% of persons. These results suggest that determinants of return
      to work are largely present before surgery and that patients' attitudes and
      expectations play an important role.

PMID- 6823043
TI  - Estrogen use and all-cause mortality. Preliminary results from the Lipid Research
      Clinics Program Follow-Up Study.
AB  - The association of exogenous estrogen use and hysterectomy status with all-cause
      mortality was examined in 2,269 white women, aged 40 to 69 years, who had been
      followed up for an average of 5.6 years in the Lipid Research Clinics Program
      Follow-up Study. A total of 72 deaths occurred during this period. The relative
      risk of death in estrogen users compared with nonusers was 0.54 in
      gynecologically intact women, 0.34 in hysterectomized women, and 0.12 in
      bilaterally oophorectomized women. The risk of death in estrogen users,
      irrespective of hysterectomy status, was 0.37 times that in nonusers (3.4/1,000 v
      9.3/1,000). The significant negative association of estrogen use with mortality
      persisted after multivariate adjustment for confounding factors. Hysterectomy
      status alone was not a significant predictor of death. Some, but not all, of the
      lower risk of mortality in estrogen users can be accounted for by increased
      levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

PMID- 6823047
TI  - Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome: the growing picture.

PMID- 6823048
TI  - Ascites and cardiac failure in a diabetic man.

PMID- 6823049
TI  - Reproductive mortality and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6823050
TI  - Thermography.

PMID- 6823046
TI  - Amenorrhea associated with carotenemia.
AB  - Data are presented for ten women with anovulation, nine of them with amenorrhea,
      who have associated carotenemia. Classic explanations for carotenemia in
      amenorrheic patients have been weight loss or anorexia nervosa, yet carotenemia
      in our patients appeared to be diet induced. All patients consumed a pure or
      predominantly vegetarian diet; there was no intake of red meats. Clinical and
      laboratory data of the patients are presented. The amenorrhea of the patient is
      consistent with hypothalamic hypogonadotropic anovulation (HHA). It appeared that
      diet modification not only led to reduction in carotene levels, but also improved
      the menstrual status. The association of carotenemia and menstrual disorders is
      reviewed. The possibility that carotenemia is related to the development of HHA
      is discussed.

PMID- 6823051
TI  - Tampons and Toxic Shock Syndrome.

PMID- 6823052
TI  - Physician bias in cesarean section.

PMID- 6823054
TI  - Injection technique in infants.

PMID- 6823053
TI  - Treatment of heat stroke.

PMID- 6823055
TI  - Who speaks for the adolescent?

PMID- 6823056
TI  - Middle ear disease and the practice of pediatrics. Burden during the first five
      years of life.
AB  - To determine the burden on pediatricians imposed by disease of the middle ear, we
      analyzed data from 2,570 children followed up prospectively since birth. Disease
      of the middle ear accounted for a large proportion of all visits made during the
      first five years of life, rising from 22.7% during the first year to about 40% in
      years 4 and 5. About one visit in three made for illness of any kind resulted in
      the diagnosis of disease of the middle ear. Approximately three fourths of all
      visits to follow up any illness were made to follow up disease of the middle ear.
      Disease of the middle ear was diagnosed at between 5% and 10% of all well-baby
      visits. Children from private practice averaged fewer visits for all reasons than
      did children using a large neighborhood health center, but the proportions of
      visits accounted for by disease of the middle ear were similar in both settings.

PMID- 6823058
TI  - Detection and correction of house staff error in physical diagnosis.
AB  - A significant number of errors in physical examination can be detected when house
      staff are observed by attending physicians. In this study, observation of
      residents and interns showed a total error of 13.1% and 15.6%, respectively, with
      incorrect findings of 3.3% and 4.9% and omitted findings of 9.8% and 10.7%,
      respectively. Approximately two thirds of all patients examined had at least one
      error noted. A method was instituted for detecting and correcting these errors
      that can be integrated into daily attending rounds. Using this method, a
      statistically significant decrease in the number of errors was shown. The method
      used emphasizes the physical examination pertinent to the patient's main problem,
      consumes very little rounding time, and is well received by both attending
      physicians and house officers.

PMID- 6823059
TI  - A program to recruit and educate medical students to practice family medicine in
      underserved areas.
AB  - In an attempt to address the problem of physician maldistribution, Jefferson
      Medical College initiated the Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) in 1974, a
      special admissions program that preferentially selects applicants who intend to
      practice family medicine in physician shortage areas in Pennsylvania. Forty-seven
      students in four classes have been graduated from the program. Evaluation of
      these students during medical school shows that their academic performance has
      been similar to their classmates. Follow-up evaluation indicates that PSAP
      graduates are five times as likely as their peers (non-PSAP) to enter a family
      medicine residency program during the first postgraduate year (62% v 12%), and
      almost twice as likely to enter family medicine as a comparable group of non-PSAP
      students who originally entered Jefferson with plans of becoming a family
      physician (62% v 33%).

PMID- 6823057
TI  - Increased sodium-lithium countertransport in college students with elevated blood
      pressure.
AB  - Blood pressure screening was carried out on a university campus to identify early
      hypertension or high-normal BP in young adults. Compared with normotensive
      control subjects of a similar age, drawn from the same population, persons
      identified as being at the upper end of the BP distribution had significantly
      increased levels of sodium-lithium countertransport. This difference persisted
      when other potential confounding variables, eg, overweight, sex, ethnicity,
      sodium excretion, and age, were taken into account. A positive family history was
      associated with slightly higher levels of sodium-lithium countertransport,
      although the effect could be explained by higher present levels of BP. These data
      suggest that abnormalities of cation transport are present early in the course of
      the development of hypertension. Measurement of transport levels may provide an
      estimate of risk of hypertension and allow identification of susceptible persons.

PMID- 6823061
TI  - Clinical applications of biomaterials.

PMID- 6823060
TI  - Quantitative DNA. Comparative studies of a cellular marker for bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - During the course of induction of bronchogenic carcinoma in a colony of standard
      bred beagles, serial cytologic and biopsy material was obtained under direct
      bronchoscopy. Cytological changes followed the sequence from metaplasia to
      carcinoma, closely simulating those features observed in humans, but with subtle
      differences characterized as species variations. Quantitative DNA done by image
      analysis correlated directly with the severity of cytologic atypia and also
      corresponded well with data obtained from humans. Equivalent studies in human
      bronchogenic carcinoma have shown similar results and strongly suggest that
      graded hyperploidy accurately reflects atypia in the lung and qualifies as an
      interspecies tumor marker.

PMID- 6823063
TI  - Changing the cause of death.

PMID- 6823062
TI  - Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal
      bacteremia.
AB  - One hundred thirty-four consecutive cases of pneumococcal bacteremia observed
      during a six-year period were evaluated. One hundred nineteen (89%) were
      associated with pneumonia. Factors associated with increased mortality were
      advanced age, a leukocyte count at admission of less than 5,000/cu mm, neoplastic
      disease, and involvement of two or more pulmonary lobes in patients with
      pneumonia. Mortality was 30.5% overall, and 76% in patients admitted to the
      intensive care unit with pneumococcal bacteremia. Pneumococcal infection
      continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality despite modern
      supportive care and antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 6823064
TI  - The battle for hospital privileges. II. Ensuring fairness and rational standards
      of decision.

PMID- 6823065
TI  - Amantadine's rocky road to acceptance.

PMID- 6823066
TI  - Radiation, not enucleation, for choroidal melanoma?

PMID- 6823067
TI  - Cell may lose 'killer instinct'.

PMID- 6823068
TI  - Mitochondrial creatine kinase in cancer patients.

PMID- 6823069
TI  - Pyridostigmine bromide and constipation in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 6823070
TI  - Hysterectomy among women of reproductive age.

PMID- 6823071
TI  - Vaginal spermicides and gonorrhea.

PMID- 6823074
TI  - Immunologic aspects of 'burning mouths'.

PMID- 6823072
TI  - Fever in obstetric and gynecologic patients.

PMID- 6823073
TI  - Dealing with alleged fraud in medical research.

PMID- 6823075
TI  - Risk of hypercalcemia from prophylaxis of traveler's diarrhea.

PMID- 6823077
TI  - Visualization of one's own cataract.

PMID- 6823076
TI  - Protracted hypervitaminosis A--method of treatment?

PMID- 6823078
TI  - The doctor of pharmacy.

PMID- 6823080
TI  - The surveillance of infectious diseases.
AB  - Surveillance is the collection, collation, and analysis of data and the
      dissemination to those who need to know so that an action can result. This
      article describes the clinician's critical role in disease reporting and outlines
      the benefits of surveillance to clinical practice. Four commonly used systems of
      disease surveillance are notifiable disease reporting, laboratory-based
      surveillance, hospital-based surveillance, and population-based surveillance. We
      analyze the relative strengths and limitations of each of these systems and
      present current efforts to evaluate and improve surveillance activities.

PMID- 6823079
TI  - Epidemiology of diarrhea in travelers.
AB  - To investigate diarrhea in tourists on a worldwide scale, 16,568 passengers were
      interviewed during their flights home from 13 destinations in various climatic
      regions. Significant differences in diarrheal incidence were observed between
      individual destinations and also between hotels in the same area. The highest
      rates exceeded 50%. Younger persons were more often affected. Sex, travel
      characteristics, and a record of former tropical journeys influenced the
      incidence to a minor degree. Even in the tropics, diarrhea usually takes a short
      (average, 3.6 days) and mild (average of 4.6 stools per day) course. Prophylactic
      or therapeutic medication only slightly influenced these values. The various
      regions showed minor differences in chronology and symptomatology. This is
      consistent with quantitative rather than qualitative geographic variations in
      causative agents. The traditional nutritional recommendations for prophylaxis
      seemed to be unrealistic and usually unsuccessful.

PMID- 6823081
TI  - Abdominal aortic thrombosis in association with an attempted Heimlich maneuver.
AB  - We report herein a case of an incorrectly applied Heimlich maneuver--to the best
      of our knowledge, the first reported fatal complication associated with a
      Heimlich maneuver, acute thrombosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and the
      distal aorta. While the Heimlich maneuver is effective for the relief of foreign
      body-induced upper airway obstruction, increased efforts should be directed
      toward instructing the public in correctly recognizing and optimally treating
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 6823083
TI  - The clinical pharmacist.

PMID- 6823084
TI  - Colonic obstruction a pelvic mass in a 46-year-old man.

PMID- 6823082
TI  - Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm infected by Campylobacter fetus.

PMID- 6823085
TI  - International Academy of Pathology (United States--Canadian Division): seventy
      second annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, February 28-March 4, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 6823086
TI  - Pediatric Pathology Club: annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, February 26-27, 1983.
      Abstracts of scientific sessions.

PMID- 6823087
TI  - Myocardial capillary density in hypertensive rats.

PMID- 6823088
TI  - Acute toxicity of lead particulates on pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
      Ultrastructural and microanalytical studies.
AB  - Although it is well established that respiratory uptake of lead-containing
      particles plays a substantial role in the epidemiology of plumbism, relatively
      little is known about the role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage in lead
      poisoning. An in vitro system was designed to investigate the effects of lead
      oxide particles of respirable size on the rabbit alveolar macrophage. The studies
      were concerned with the intracellular solubility of PbO and Pb3O4 and changes in
      fine structure attributable to lead toxicity. The distribution of phagocytosed
      lead and its intracellular reprecipitation complexes was established by electron
      microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in conjunction with
      transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning
      transmission electron microscopy, and backscatter imaging. It was found that
      Pb3O4, PbO and PbO-coated particles were ingested by the rabbit alveolar
      macrophages and that each of these lead oxide compounds produced similar damage
      to the fine structure of the cell. Swelling of the mitochondria, nuclear
      membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum was common, as well as were characteristic
      reprecipitation complexes of lead, phosphorous, and calcium within the nuclear
      heterochromatin and cytoplasm of the cell. The precipitation complexes were not
      seen in cells incubated with the particles if phagocytosis was blocked by 0.22
      microns, membrane filters. It was concluded that phagocytosis of these lead oxide
      particles was necessary to produce the cytopathic changes. It is suggested that
      solubilization of lead from the ingested particles in phagosomes of macrophages
      results in the liberation of intracellular lead with the resultant formation of
      reprecipitation complexes.

PMID- 6823089
TI  - Remodeling of the rat aortic endothelial layer during experimental hypertension.
      Changes in replication rate, cell density, and surface morphology.
AB  - Three models of hypertension were induced in Wistar rats: (1) aortic ligature
      between renal arteries, (2) uninephrectomy and Na-rich diet, (3) uninephrectomy,
      0.9 per cent NaCl as drinking fluid and subcutaneous administration of
      desoxicorticosterone acetate (DOCA). We studied the aortic endothelium during the
      early (7 to 10 days) and late (40 days) phases of these models and quantified:
      (1) thymidine index and cell density using autoradiography on en face
      preparations, and (2) internal aortic circumference by planimetry. We also
      examined by means of scanning electron microscopy the surface morphology of the
      aorta in rats with aortic ligature. Thymidine index was constantly increased in
      the early phases of all models; it reverted to normal levels in the late phases.
      Endothelial cell density was slightly but significantly increased in the early
      and late phases after aortic ligature and in the early phase after Na-rich diet;
      it increased strikingly in the early and late phases after DOCA. There were no
      significant correlations between the variations of the internal aortic
      circumference and blood pressure, thymidine index, or cell density. Scanning
      electron microscopy showed no discontinuity of the endothelial cell layer either
      in the early or late phases after aortic ligature; bulging of endothelial cells
      into the lumen and appearance of cell clusters with numerous surface projections
      were seen during the early phase after aortic ligature. These changes produce a
      remodeling of the aortic endothelial layer which is maximal in the early phase
      after aortic ligature and in the early and late phases after DOCA and correlates
      with the previously reported increase of endothelial permeability to horseradish
      peroxidase in the same hypertensive situations.

PMID- 6823090
TI  - Health effects of Mount St. Helens volcanic dust.

PMID- 6823091
TI  - Kinetics of amyloid deposition. I. The effects of amyloid-enhancing factor and
      splenectomy.
AB  - It has long been recognized that amyloid AA deposition occurs in two phases, a
      predeposition and a deposition phase. The deposition phase has two distinct
      periods, a period of rapid deposition followed by a plateau stage. This kinetic
      pattern is seen in both liver and spleen and in animals in which the appearance
      of AA is accelerated by the administration of amyloid-enhancing factor. Amyloid
      enhancing factor recipients have a shorter lag period before AA deposition is
      evident, but the kinetics of deposition and tissue level attained are similar to
      that seen in nonrecipients. It is also demonstrated that amyloid-enhancing factor
      activity may be generated in the liver of splenectomized animals.

PMID- 6823092
TI  - Kinetics of amyloid deposition. II. The effects of dimethylsulfoxide and
      colchicine therapy.
AB  - Amyloid (AA) protein, when deposition begins, is deposited in two stages--a rapid
      deposition period of 2 weeks and a plateau stage. The effect of dimethylsulfoxide
      (DMSO) and colchicine therapy on the kinetics of amyloid deposition was dependent
      on the stage of the disease at which therapy began. If given during the rapid
      deposition period, colchicine delayed the increase in amyloid but did not abolish
      it. Eventually, splenic and liver amyloid reached the level seen in untreated
      animals. On the other hand, DMSO given during the rapid deposition period led to
      significant resorption of both splenic and liver amyloid. By contrast, colchicine
      and DMSO given after the rapid deposition period were essentially without effect
      in promoting amyloid resorption. These results correlated well with the serum
      levels of SAA, the putative AA precursor. Colchicine given during the period of
      rapid AA deposition caused a transient decline in SAA levels, which eventually
      returned to levels seen in untreated animals. DMSO given during the rapid
      deposition period rapidly abolished the high SAA levels and maintained it at a
      level seen in normal animals. Both colchicine and DMSO therapy, if instituted
      after the rapid amyloid deposition period, failed to reduce SAA levels
      significantly below that of untreated controls.

PMID- 6823094
TI  - Distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in plasma membranes of the kidney. II.
      The thin limbs of Henle's loop.
AB  - Thin limbs of Henle from the rat kidney were investigated by freeze fracture
      electron microscopy after incubation of the tissue with the polyene antibiotic,
      filipin, a morphologic probe for membrane cholesterol. Distinct patterns of
      distribution of filipin-sterol complexes were found in plasma membranes of
      epithelial cells from each of the four thin limb regions examined. In particular,
      adjacent cells in the thin ascending limb had either heavily or poorly labeled
      apical membranes, whereas in the lower part of long descending thin limbs, all
      apical membranes were poorly labeled. In contrast, both apical and basolateral
      membranes of short descending limbs were heavily labeled with filipin-sterol
      complexes. These results demonstrate the existence of plasma membranes with
      different properties both within specific segments of Henle's loop (ascending
      thin limb) and between different thin limb segments (short and long descending
      limbs).

PMID- 6823095
TI  - Receptor-mediated endocytosis, host defense, and inflammation.

PMID- 6823093
TI  - Structural and biochemical adaptive changes in rat lungs after exposure to
      hypoxia.
AB  - Rats exposed to 10 to 11 per cent oxygen for 7 days develop tolerance to
      hyperoxia and can survive for prolonged periods in 100 per cent oxygen. This
      preexposure to hypoxia is associated with a 180 per cent increase in the activity
      of the mangani superoxide dismutase but no increase in activity of copper-zinc
      superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or the mitochondrial
      enzymes, cytochrome oxidase and succinate cytochrome c reductase. Cyanide
      insensitive oxygen uptake is also increased after this exposure to hypoxia
      suggesting that an enhanced rate of production of partially reduced species of
      oxygen may occur. Morphometric and morphologic studies of lung structure
      demonstrate that no substantial change in cell population characteristics occur
      in the lungs of animals exposed to hypoxia, but there are ultrastructure changes
      in the cytoplasm of pulmonary capillary endothelial cells consistent with focal
      hypertrophy and enhanced metabolic activity of these cells.

PMID- 6823096
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of neuraminidase effects in pneumococcal meningitis.
AB  - In three cases of pneumococcal meningitis the in vivo action of pneumococcal
      neuraminidase could be demonstrated. The removal of sialic acid was demonstrated
      in necrospy material by the use of labeled peanut agglutinin, which has a high
      specific affinity for the subterminal disaccharide beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine, thereby exposed. Furthermore, this lectin was used for a
      rapid in vitro histochemical assay of neuraminidase activity in cerebrospinal
      fluid and culture medium taken from these cases. From the clinical point of view
      the exposure of the disaccharide which represents the immunodominant group of the
      Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen may induce immunologic reactions, because all human
      sera contain antibodies to this cryptic antigen. Thereby, neuraminidase can
      contribute to the poor prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis.

PMID- 6823097
TI  - Cell surface characteristics of proadipocytes growth arrested at the
      predifferentiation GD state. Defects associated with neoplastic transformation.
AB  - The differentiation of murine proadipocytes is preceded by growth arrest at a
      specific state in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, designated GD. The GD arrest
      state has been shown to be distinct from other G1 arrest states, including those
      induced by serum or growth factor deprivation, designated GS, and by nutrient
      deprivation, designated GN. Defects in the control of growth arrest at GD have
      also been correlated with carcinogenesis. In this study we have analyzed the cell
      surface characteristics of nontransformed proadipocytes at various states in the
      G1 phase of the cell cycle by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that
      abundant cell surface microvilli, 2.0 to 4.0 micrometer long and 0.2 to 0.4
      micrometer in diameter, develop when proadipocytes are cultured in medium that
      induces GD arrest but not when they are cultured under conditions that induce GS
      or GN arrest. The results also show that initiated and transformed proadipocytes
      fail to develop prominent cell surface microvilli when cultured in
      differentiation-promoting medium; they also fail to GD arrest and differentiate.

PMID- 6823099
TI  - Anatomical considerations of the venous drainage of the lower extremities:
      clinical implications.
AB  - The anatomical course, branches, valve distribution, and perforators of the long
      saphenous vein were described in 59 patients. Altogether, 95 legs were dissected
      while obtaining the vein for coronary artery bypass procedures. The findings
      indicated that the first valve is located 12.7 +/- 7.1 cm from the ankle, the
      second 21.1 +/- 7.4 cm, and the third 25.4 +/- 5.5 cm. The branches are located
      at 14.2 +/- 6.5 cm and the second is 20.4 +/- 7.9 cm. The perforators indirectly
      connected were present at 16.3 +/- 6.25 cm and 24.0 +/- 2.6 cm. Based on the
      anatomy of valves, branches, and perforators the areas of vulnerability and
      disease in the long saphenous system are localized in the area of 12 to 16 and 20
      to 25 cm from the ankle. The most probable location of the first branch,
      perforator, or valve is between 12 to 16 cm from the ankle, probability of 0.70.
      The valve and the branch distributions of the long saphenous vein on the lower
      extremities are consistent. The "tier" arrangement of the venous drainage and the
      supporting role of the membranous fascia were also emphasized. These observations
      seem to be, in some respect, controversial to the general accepted anatomical
      descriptions.

PMID- 6823100
TI  - Internal radiotherapy for hepatic metastases I: The homogeneity of hepatic
      arterial blood flow.
AB  - Internal radiotherapy, in the form of arterially infused yttrium-90-labeled
      microspheres, theoretically appears encouraging as a method of treatment for
      hepatic metastases. Previous investigators have assumed a homogeneous
      distribution of these microspheres and given dosages of isotope based solely on
      an estimated liver mass. The purpose of this study has been to establish the
      homogeneity of isotope distribution in liver substance when 15 micrometers
      microspheres are arterially injected. This has been done in three mammalian
      species, with the results expressed as a mean percentage coefficient of variation
      of 28 +/- 5%. Also demonstrated is the fact that 15 micrometers particles, while
      not penetrating to the venous circulation, achieve a more homogeneous spread
      throughout the liver than larger particles. It has been demonstrated that to
      achieve this maximum homogeneity distribution, 4000 beads/g of liver tissue are
      required. This equates in the therapeutic situation to a maximum activity of 4
      Ci/g of infused microspheres. These results are considered significant in that
      they indicate criteria necessary to achieve the maximum homogeneity of
      therapeutic agent within liver substance when it is administered by this method,
      and will allow confidence limits to be attached to direct in vivo measurement of
      hepatic irradiation.

PMID- 6823102
TI  - Comparative nutrient pathways to the flexor profundus tendons in Zone II of
      various experimental animals.
AB  - The role of diffusion and vascular perfusion as nutrient pathways to Zone II of
      the flexor profundus tendon of various experimental animals was studied by
      measuring the uptake of tritiated proline by tendon segments. The uptake by the
      flexor profundus tendon of the chicken resembled the uptake by that of the monkey
      in that both diffusion and perfusion effectively provided nutrients to the
      tendon. In contrast, the uptake by the dog and rabbit profundus tendon differed
      from the primate; although the uptake by diffusion resembled that of the monkey,
      the uptake by vascular perfusion was poor. Clinical relevance. These results
      challenge the use of the dog and rabbit as appropriate experimental animals when
      vascular perfusion of the profundus tendon in Zone II is an essential component
      of study.

PMID- 6823098
TI  - Sequential analysis of hepatic carcinogenesis. Regeneration of liver after carbon
      tetrachloride-induced liver necrosis when hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited
      by 2-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - The effect of inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation by dietary 2
      acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) on the restoration of liver in rats after a
      necrogenic dose of carbon tetrachloride has been studied. The liver weights
      remained low during the entire feeding period of the 2-AAF, and virtually no
      hepatocyte proliferation was seen, as determined autoradiographically after
      thymidine incorporation and by the absence of mitotic figures. Oval cell
      proliferation was extensive. Morphometric analysis showed (a) equal and maximum
      liver cell necrosis by 24 hours in both the experimental and control groups, (b)
      similar kinetics of removal of dead liver cells, and (c) similar values for the
      mean liver cell area. The distance between the portal triad and terminal hepatic
      vein in animals on the dietary 2-AAF was considerably reduced. Massive hepatocyte
      proliferation began after termination of the 2-AAF diet, and the liver returned
      to normal appearance within 14 days. The oval cells disappeared during this
      period of liver cell restoration. A new hypothesis for oval cell proliferation
      based on differential inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation resulting in
      unbalanced growth of ductular cells is presented.

PMID- 6823101
TI  - Improved blood flow and protein synthesis in the postischemic liver following
      infusion of dopamine.
AB  - To study the effects of dopamine on hepatic blood flow and protein synthesis in a
      condition with reduced liver blood flow, dopamine (5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1)
      or saline was infused intravenously following a period of liver ischemia in rats.
      Hepatic blood flow was measured by xenon washout technique and protein synthesis
      by leucine incorporation into proteins in incubated liver slices. Blood flow and
      protein synthesis in the postischemic liver were restituted faster and more
      completely in dopamine-treated rats suggesting that dopamine infusion can be of
      beneficial effect on liver metabolism in situations with reduced hepatic blood
      flow.

PMID- 6823103
TI  - A simple and safe method of anesthetizing infant rabbits for abdominal surgery.
AB  - There is a great lack of information about general anesthesia in small infant
      animals. We developed a safe method using Halothane to maintain anesthesia in 20
      infant rabbits weighing 100-150 g. Halothane was administered through a modified
      T piece using a small finger cot in order to minimize the dead space of the
      system. Halothane concentrations of 0.5 to 1.5% were safe and efficient to
      perform a laparotomy and to keep the rabbits alive after surgery.

PMID- 6823104
TI  - Experimental evaluation of secondary blood cardioplegia.
AB  - Reperfusion damage after ischemia may be evidenced by myocardial cell edema,
      intracellular calcium accumulation, and limited utilization of oxygen. The need
      for cardioplegic arrest during initial reperfusion to allow oxygen to be used for
      reversing ischemic damage rather than for electromechanical activity has been
      propounded by some researchers. Reports of greater postischemic compliance and
      performance, low postischemic edema, and greater oxygen uptake at a perfusion
      pressure of 50 mm Hg or lower have been cited. The present study was conducted on
      24 pigs having 2-hr cardioplegic arrest, which of 12 underwent normal reperfusion
      and 12 experienced secondary cardioplegia followed by normal reperfusion. The
      results showed that in spite of improved high-energy phosphate preservation, the
      secondary cardioplegia group had higher myocardial edema, less coronary flow, and
      poorer contractility and compliance at the end of 1 hr of reperfusion. Because of
      these findings and contradictory results reported by other groups, caution is
      urged in the clinical extrapolation of the results of such studies pending
      further investigations.

PMID- 6823105
TI  - Effects of pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 on myocardial preservation during
      aortic cross clamping.
AB  - A protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on the ischemic and reperfused myocardium was
      investigated in the isolated working rat heart preparation. Rats were treated
      intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg coenzyme Q10, daily for 7 days. The controls were
      given the same dose of the vehicle. After 25 min of equilibration the hearts were
      made totally ischemic at 35.5 degrees C for 30 min, arrested with high potassium
      cardioplegic solution immediately after aortic cross clamping. The recovery of
      cardiac power in the coenzyme Q10 pretreated group was significantly (P less than
      0.05) better than that in vehicle pretreated group. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
      release during reperfusion was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by the
      pretreatment of coenzyme Q10. Tissue analysis for high energy phosphate compounds
      revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Tissue lactate content
      at 30 min of ischemia was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the coenzyme
      Q10 pretreated group. These results suggest that pretreatment with coenzyme Q10
      is effective for reducing ischemic injury caused by aortic cross clamping.

PMID- 6823106
TI  - Calcium paradox in canine kidneys.
AB  - Isolated perfusion of the heart with a Ca2+-free perfusate followed by a Ca2+
      containing perfusate causes dramatic alterations in the physiology and
      biochemistry of the tissue, a phenomenon known as the calcium paradox. A similar
      paradoxical effect of Ca2+ has also been reported to occur in the kidney. In this
      study an attempt was made to reproduce the calcium paradox in canine kidneys and
      to characterize more fully its metabolic consequences. Canine kidneys were
      perfused with Krebs-Henseliet bicarbonate buffer free of Ca2+ for 30 min followed
      by perfusion with Ca2+ (1.5 mM). Unlike previously reported results no sudden
      decrease in flow was there a Ca2+-related sharp rise in rate of release of lactic
      dehydrogenase. In addition, we found no significant change in the level of tissue
      adenine nucleotides or functionality of isolated mitochondria. It is concluded
      that there is no calcium paradox in canine kidney under these conditions and it
      is suggested that the Ca2+ paradox may be characteristics only of muscle tissue
      that can undergo Ca2+-dependent contraction.

PMID- 6823107
TI  - A technique for isolation perfusion of the canine liver with survival.
AB  - A technique of isolation perfusion of the canine liver was developed as a model
      for treating cancer limited to the liver. Preservation of hepatic functional
      integrity was dependent on maintenance of near physiologic conditions for the
      perfusion. Flow to the liver, 1 ml/min/g, was provided by gravity to the portal
      vein at two thirds total flow, and by pump to the hepatic artery at one third
      total flow. Utilizing the technique described, six dogs died 4-12 hr after a 1-hr
      perfusion. The dogs received Ringer's lactate solution IV and had a rising blood
      lactate to greater than 9 mM and a rising lactate/pyruvate ratio. After changing
      IV fluids to nonlactate containing solutions, 4/6 dogs survived a 1-hr perfusion
      at 37 degrees. Blood lactate concentrations remained below 6 mM (alpha less than
      0.05) during perfusion, and the lactate/pyruvate ratios remained in a physiologic
      range on comparison to the nonsurvivors (alpha less than 0.05). Mild elevations
      occurred in the SGOT and SGPT with the peak on the first postoperative day of 93
      +/- 54 and 79 +/- 56, respectively, but returned to normal within 4-7 days.
      Perfusate chemistries lactate, pyruvate, glucose, total alpha-amino acids, ketone
      bodies, SGOT, and SGPT demonstrated that hepatic functional integrity was
      maintained during the 1-hr perfusion. Hepatic function as assessed was no
      different between survivors and nonsurvivors. Hypoglycemia (glucose less than 2
      mM) contributed to the two deaths. Tolerance of the dog to the temporary
      anhepatic state may be the limiting factor to prolonged perfusions.

PMID- 6823109
TI  - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous infusions of serotonin in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of exogenously infused serotonin on central and regional hemodynamics
      were investigated in 14 dogs. Using intravenous doses that mimic postprandial
      levels of serotonin, we were able to demonstrate no changes in cardiac output or
      mean arterial pressure. However, there were region-specific changes in blood
      flow. Blood flow to the fundus, antrum, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle were
      increased by both the low-dose (4 micrograms/kg-min) and the high-dose (10
      micrograms/kg-min) infusions. In contrast, blood flow to the kidney, spleen, and
      liver decreased. Whole blood 5-HT levels were measured in mixed venous blood and
      systemic arterial blood. Based on the differences between serotonin levels in
      these two circulations, pulmonary inactivation of exogenously infused serotonin
      was calculated to be 44%. The half-life of exogenous serotonin was measured at
      1.2 min. The data thus suggest that at doses which mimic those released from the
      intestinal enterochromaffin cells, serotonin may play a role in mediating
      postprandial hemodynamic responses.

PMID- 6823108
TI  - Plasma fibronectin concentration in animal models of sepsis and endotoxemia.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin is a nonspecific opsonin which mediates phagocytosis of
      particulate matter by macrophages. Fibronectin depletion results in depression of
      reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function. This may potentiate microvascular
      embolization and sludging in critical illness. It has been hypothesized that
      sepsis is a major cause of fibronectin depletion. To explore this hypothesis,
      plasma fibronectin concentrations were measured in rats with intraabdominal
      abscesses and in rabbits subjected to the generalized Shwartzman reaction (spaced
      doses of endotoxin). In both groups of animals there was a significant increase
      (P less than 0.05) rather than decrease in fibronectin concentrations at times
      when sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation were manifest. This study
      does not support the hypothesized relationship between sepsis and fibronectin
      depletion. Until the kinetics of fibronectin production and utilization are
      further delineated, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of
      immunoreactive plasma fibronectin levels.

PMID- 6823113
TI  - Heterochromia iridis and Horner's syndrome due to paravertebral neurilemmoma.
AB  - A case of heterochromia iridis and Horner's syndrome is reported in a 7-year old
      girl with paravertebral neurilemmoma. These clinical findings can be useful in
      the early diagnosis of mediastinal tumors in the paravertebral axis. While
      typically associated with neuroblastoma, these findings can be due to tumors
      which are inately benign--in this case neurilemmoma. The mechanism for
      heterochromia is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6823110
TI  - Quantification of fluorescein distribution to strangulated rat ileum.
AB  - Following various periods of strangulation, the fates of intestinal segments were
      predicted by standard clinical criteria and visual (Wood's lamp) and fluorometric
      (perfusion fluorometer) assessment of fluorescein distribution. With fluorometry,
      a means of quantifying fluorescence transmitted via a fiberoptic light guide, the
      delivery and removal of fluorescein were monitored and analyzed. If either was
      restricted significantly, tissue death was predicted. Analysis of computerized
      graphic patterns or simple interpretation of fluorometric readings at two time
      points predicted tissue fate with 98% accuracy and a 93% negative predictive
      value. Wood's lamp evaluation had only a 53% accuracy and a 33% negative
      predictive value, while standard clinical criteria had an 81% accuracy and a 53%
      negative predictive value. Fluorescein leakage in segments which suffered
      significant endothelial damage provided staining patterns that incorrectly
      suggested viability. By monitoring elimination as well as uptake of dye,
      fluorometry provided much greater discrimination than did Wood's lamp inspection
      in this setting. In addition, fluorometry was readily repeatable within minutes,
      as fluorescence remaining from a previous injection could be subtracted from new,
      postinjection values.

PMID- 6823112
TI  - Catecholamine release during and after cross clamping of descending thoracic
      aorta.
AB  - During graft replacement of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms,
      aortic cross clamping without the use of bypass or shunts is accompanied by
      underperfusion of distal vascular beds. This study, comprising 10 patients, was
      based on the hypothesis that ischemia of the lower spinal cord and adrenal glands
      might precipitate release of catecholamines. Arterial blood samples, obtained
      before (control), during, and after arterial cross clamping, were analyzed for
      epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). The E/NE ratio was used as an index of
      ischemic sympathoadrenal activation. During cross clamping, mean E and E/NE
      increased by a factor of 4.5 (P = 0.03) and 2.4 (P = 0.001), respectively. The
      greatest increases were observed in the 5 min postclamp sample: relative to
      control, mean E increased 22-fold (P = 0.011), NE 3-fold (P = 0.009), and E/NE
      8.4-fold (P = 0.013). During the immediate postclamp period, mean E/NE fell
      exponentially with an average "half-life" of 12.05 +/- 5.83 min (SD). A second
      order polynomial related (P = 0.004) log E/NE in first postclamp sample to the
      ratio between clamp time and mean proximal arterial pressure during clamping
      (T/AP). Left-ventricular-minute-work-function correlations: (1) positive with log
      E during clamping (P = 0.043); and (2) none with log E (P = 0.563) or log (E +
      NE) (P = 0.641) 5 min post-clamp; (3) positive with log (E + NE) 30 min post
      clamp (P = 0.016). It is concluded that (1) distal ischemia caused by cross
      clamping the descending thoracic aorta without bypass or shunts, results in
      distal regional sympathoadrenal activation, independent of known central reflex
      mechanisms; (2) this activation leads to marked increases of E/NE and is, in
      part, dependent upon T/AP during clamping; (3) the activation is probably
      transitory; (4) by indirect evidence, cardiodepressant factor(s) may transiently
      be present following declamping; (5) by its magnitude, sympathoadrenal activation
      is likely to provide compensation for deleterious factors that may affect
      cardiovascular functions during cross clamping and after declamping;
      alternatively, it might contribute to postoperative hypertension and cardiac
      complications such as myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias.

PMID- 6823111
TI  - The measurement of glucose turnover and oxidation using radioactive and stable
      isotopes.
AB  - Isotopes have become the best means for investigating glucose kinetics in vivo.
      With the recent greater availability of stable isotopes there has developed a
      need to understand how data may be obtained from the use of both radioactive and
      stable glucose tracers. Described for the nonexpert is the calculation of glucose
      appearance and disappearance, clearance and oxidation using both stable and
      radioactive glucose isotopes, administered both by bolus and primed constant
      infusion and under both steady and nonsteady state conditions. Other substrates
      may be studied using similar methodology. The use of stable substrate isotopes
      will be an expanding field of metabolic research in man.

PMID- 6823114
TI  - Ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic ependymoma of the
      cauda equina.
AB  - Six cases of intraspinal ependymoma metastasizing outside the central nervous
      system have been reported. This report documents a seventh case. This patient
      received multiple courses of combination and single-agent chemotherapy without
      evidence of tumor regression. All seven patients had four things in common: early
      onset of disease, numerous operations, massive local recurrence at the time
      distant metastases were noted, and a long time period from diagnosis to death.

PMID- 6823115
TI  - The effect of total body microwave hyperthermia and hepatic artery ligation on
      liver tumors--an experimental study in rats.
AB  - The effect of general microwave hyperthermia and hepatic artery ligation (HAL)
      was tested on Wistar rats with a transplanted N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced
      adenocarcinoma in the liver. Total body hyperthermia (41.5 degrees C for 1 hour,
      three times during 24 hours) was given on the same day as HAL, and 1, 2, and 3
      days after. HAL induced a slower tumor growth than untreated controls. No
      additive effect was registered when total body microwave hyperthermia was added
      to HAL. When hyperthermia was added 2 days after HAL, there was a transient
      decrease in tumor volume as in the HAL series. Total body microwave hyperthermia
      added 3 days after HAL induced a faster tumor growth than after HAL alone. When
      hyperthermia was added the same day and 1 day after HAL, there was a 50%
      mortality.

PMID- 6823118
TI  - Giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor) involving a pilonidal
      sinus: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke-Lowenstein tumor has been reported to
      involve many areas about the perineum. The majority of previous documentations
      have implicated the coronal sulcus, prepuce, and fossa navicularis of the penis
      as the most likely foci to support growth. Authors have contributed multiple
      cases of perianal and rectal involvement as well as rare reports of inguinal,
      bladder, and endocervix-low uterine segment tumors. A case of giant condyloma
      acuminatum involving a chronic pilonidal sinus overlying the sacrum is described.
      Wide surgical extirpation was found to be a curative means of management.

PMID- 6823117
TI  - Response of metastatic breast cancer to tamoxifen withdrawal: report of a case.
AB  - This case history describes a patient with metastatic breast cancer treated
      sequentially with diethylstilbestrol, drug withdrawal, tamoxifen, and drug
      withdrawal again. An objective response was observed in all four instances.
      Withdrawal responses to tamoxifen exist and should be kept in mind for selected
      patients.

PMID- 6823121
TI  - The treatment of skin cancer by electrodesiccation and curettage.

PMID- 6823123
TI  - Smooth muscle tumors of the alimentary tract.
AB  - Smooth muscle tumors (SMT) of the alimentary tract are uncommon. A series of 32
      cases (16 leiomyomas and 16 leiomyosarcomas) are presented. The most common
      presenting clinical signs are bleeding or obstruction. These are caused mainly by
      degenerative changes within the lesion or its enlargement. The endoluminal SMT
      cause symptoms early and are more easily detectable. However, the extraluminal
      SMT, producing an extrinsic mass, can remain asymptomatic for a long time. Thus,
      such SMT may be found incidentally during operation. The larger SMT are mostly
      malignant. Microscopically it is sometimes difficult to determine if the SMT is
      benign or malignant.

PMID- 6823122
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the adrenal gland.
AB  - A case report is presented of a huge cavernous adrenal hemangioma which was the
      second largest reported among the 17 which have appeared in the literature. With
      the advent of modern and sophisticated diagnostic techniques in arteriography,
      ultrasound, and computerized axial tomography, preoperative recognition and
      diagnosis should be simplified and surgical removal carried out to rule out
      possible malignancy, preclude traumatic rupture, or relieve symptoms of the mass
      lesion.

PMID- 6823124
TI  - Papillary-cystic carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - Papillary-cystic carcinoma of the pancreas is an extremely rare tumor which
      occurs in young adults, may invade locally, but is late to metastasize. As
      opposed to adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, portal vein invasion should not be
      included as a criteria for nonresectability. In the absence of metastatic
      disease, pancreatectomy combined with portal vein resection, if invasion is
      present, may offer a good prognosis and comparatively long survival time.

PMID- 6823116
TI  - Retroperitoneal urogenital ridge transitional cell carcinoma.
AB  - A rare case of retroperitoneal transitional cell carcinoma arising from primitive
      urogenital remnants is described in a 50-year-old female. The patient had a 15 X
      12 cm firm to cystic mass in the left iliac fossa which was markedly adherent to
      retroperitoneal structures and which could not be excised. Biopsy from the mass
      revealed transitional cell papillary carcinoma. Intravenous pyelogram and
      cystoscopy were normal. Cystogram done postoperatively did not show any
      communication with any adult organ. Radiotherapy resulted in only partial
      regression, and the patient died about 2 years later.

PMID- 6823120
TI  - Patterns of failure following surgery alone for colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Two hundred fifty-one patients with colorectal carcinoma were studied following
      complete primary resection to determine patterns of failure. Seventy-two patients
      (29%) subsequently developed failures: Local failure (LF) occurred as the only
      failure in 49% of the failure group and as some component in 81%; distant
      metastases (DM) occurred in 19% and 47%, respectively. The groups at highest risk
      for local failure were those with extension of tumor through the bowel wall
      whether the nodes were involved or not. Furthermore, those with gross extension
      of disease through the wall developed a significantly higher incidence of distant
      metastases compared to those with microscopic extension through the wall (P less
      than 0.005). The absolute 5-year survival rate for those with tumor through the
      wall vs within the wall was 40% and 79%, respectively. Adjuvant therapy was
      discussed in view of the ability to identify subgroups of patients at highest
      risk for local vs distant failures.

PMID- 6823127
TI  - Treatment of adriamycin-induced skin ulcers: a prospective controlled study.

PMID- 6823119
TI  - Depression of monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity by renal carcinoma and restoration
      through therapy.
AB  - The cytotoxic ability of freshly isolated monocytes against the tumor cell line K
      562 was severely depressed in patients with renal cell carcinoma. The impaired
      cytotoxicity was partly restored 2 weeks after nephrectomy. Production of
      monocyte-activating lymphokine, measured as ability to activate tumor
      cytotoxicity in control monocytes, was depressed in lymphocytes from patients
      with tumor burden. The impaired lymphokine production seemed to be due to factors
      in patient serum. Patient monocytes showed an impaired ability to be activated by
      lymphokines. Products from patient lymphocytes were not able to activate the
      tumor cytotoxicity of patient monocytes.

PMID- 6823128
TI  - Pigmented tumors of the skin.
AB  - Based on a personal series of red, brown, black, and blue tumors of the skin, the
      various living gross pathological features are compared. In general good signs
      are tumors with round or oval shapes, no ulceration, of all one color and
      containing hair. Bad signs are notched or linear borders, ulceration, or
      variation in color.

PMID- 6823125
TI  - Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: an autopsy case.

PMID- 6823126
TI  - Exfoliative cytology and biliary biopsy using a percutaneous transhepatic biliary
      tube.

PMID- 6823129
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on the growth of murine colon tumors.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated a high incidence of splenomegaly in BALB/c mice
      bearing colon tumor C-C36, but not colon tumor C-C26. To characterize this
      difference, tumor development in mice splenectomized seven days before tumor
      inoculation was compared to that of unoperated control mice. Our findings
      indicate that during the early phase, tumor growth is enhanced for both C-C26 and
      C-C36 in the splenectomized animals. The lag period for tumor appearance was also
      somewhat shorter in these splenectomized animals as compared to the controls, and
      metastatic tendency to the lungs was unaffected by splenectomy. These findings
      may have useful implications for the role of the spleen in the tumor-bearing
      animal.

PMID- 6823130
TI  - Macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity: role of macrophage surface sialic acid.
AB  - Cell surface sialic acid levels were compared for monocytes and macrophages
      obtained from normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. Equal quantities of
      sialic acid were found on the monocytes obtained from normal volunteers and
      breast cancer patients. Approximately 60% more cell surface sialic acid was found
      on the macrophages from breast cancer patients than was found on the macrophages
      from normal volunteers. In order to determine whether cell surface sialic acid
      had any effect on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, macrophages were pretreated
      with neuraminidase (NANAse) prior to co-cultivation with tumor cells. The normal
      macrophages, after neuraminidase treatment, no longer retained their ability to
      kill tumor cells. However, when macrophages from breast cancer patients were
      treated with NANAse, no difference was observed in the ability of untreated and
      NANAse treated macrophages to kill tumor cells.

PMID- 6823131
TI  - Central venous access in oncology patients: the "peel-away" sheath for rapid
      insertion.
AB  - A safe, fluoroscopically controlled method of rapid silastic catheter
      introduction in oncology patients provides long-term access to a high blood flow
      area near the right atrium. A "peel-away" disposable sheath and introducer have
      been adapted for the rapid introduction of the catheter. Benefits of the use of
      this technique are that (1) it can be easily adapted from the widely known
      technique of central venous line placement, (2) catheter position is easily
      confirmed by fluoroscopy, and (3) the procedure can be performed under local
      anesthesia, minimizing anesthetic risks and expense.

PMID- 6823132
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis as a late complication of hepatic
      irradiation: a case report.

PMID- 6823133
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma of the phalangeal bone.
AB  - A rare case of Ewing's sarcoma of the toe bone is described and compared with
      three cases of phalangeal Ewing's sarcoma. The lesion in two cases was initially
      treated as infection and the diagnosis was delayed for several months.
      Roentgenographic and aspiration cytology examinations in cases with clinically
      unresolving infection of the hands and feet may prevent delayed diagnosis.
      Radical surgery alone may be curative if no metastases are found preoperatively
      in careful clinical investigations.

PMID- 6823134
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon: sites of initial dissemination and clinical
      patterns of recurrence following surgery alone.
AB  - Three hundred and fifty-five patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid
      colon were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and eighteen patients who had
      disseminated disease at diagnosis were analyzed to identify sites and mechanisms
      of disease spread. Two hundred and thirty-seven patients treated by surgery alone
      with curative intent were analyzed to determine clinical patterns of recurrence
      and identify prognostic factors. Operative findings in 27 patients undergoing
      second laparotomy at the time of initial disease recurrence are described, and
      implications for adjuvant therapy discussed.

PMID- 6823135
TI  - Early valve replacement in active infective endocarditis. Results and late
      survival.
AB  - In the past 14 years, 42 patients with active infective endocarditis underwent
      early valve replacement for severe congestive heart failure, major prosthetic
      dehiscence, intramyocardial abscesses, sepsis, or major embolization. Blood
      cultures were positive in 40 patients and the valve tissues were positive in two
      others. All patients received antimicrobials for from 1 to 4 weeks. Drug
      addiction was noted in 24%, urinary tract manipulation in 7%, dental work in 5%,
      contaminated prosthesis in 2%, and unknown cause in 62%. Organisms were
      predominantly staphylococcal (43%) and streptococcal (41%); the remainder were
      gram-negative (9%) or fungal (7%). The aortic valve was involved in 72%, mitral
      in 14%, tricuspid in 7%, and both aortic and mitral in 7%. By the New York Heart
      Association (NYHA) functional classification, 90% (38/42) were in Class III or
      IV. Operative mortality was 10% (4/42) and all four patients had preexisting
      renal failure necessitating dialysis. No predominant organism correlated with
      early deaths. In aortic valve replacement (30 patients), operative mortality was
      7%. Postoperatively, 95% (35/37) were Class I or II with one lost to follow-up.
      Subsequent reoperation was required in five patients (13%) for recurrent
      endocarditis, with an operative mortality of 20% (1/5). Late death occurred in
      45% (17/38). Overall probability of survival was 0.53 at 5 years. For isolated
      aortic valve involvement, the 5 year survival was 0.58. Survival for native valve
      involvement was 0.58 and for prosthetic endocarditis, 0.55. This study shows that
      after at least 1 week of antibiotics, early operation in patients with active
      endocarditis has an acceptable operative mortality. Clinical improvement is
      excellent in 95% and more than half survived 5 years or longer.

PMID- 6823136
TI  - The role of the activated clotting time in heparin administration and
      neutralization for cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Precise guidelines for heparin administration and neutralization during
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are not established. To a large extent, the
      uncertainty originates from a disparity between the heparin dosage, the plasma
      heparin concentration, and the clinical heparin effect. We investigated these
      relationships in 44 consecutive patients at New York University Medical Center.
      Following serial loading doses of heparin (2 and 4 mg/kg) there was a wide
      variation in both the measured clinical heparin effect (activated clotting time-
      ACT) and the plasma heparin concentration. When the Act was compared to the
      heparin concentration, there was no linear relationship noted after heparin does
      commonly employed for CPB. The calculated heparin sensitivity varied over a
      fourfold range and was not related to the baseline antithrombin III activity. At
      the completion of CPB, heparin was neutralized with a 2 mg/kg protamine dose
      regardless of the total heparin dose. Heparin levels fell from 4.17 +/- 1.29 to
      0.19 +/- 0.20 units/ml. Additional protamine was given to 49% of the patients as
      the ACT had not returned to pre-heparin levels. The total protamine dose rarely
      exceeded 3 mg/kg. This technique resulted in the administration of 30% to 50%
      less protamine than predicted by other commonly used protocols. In the subsequent
      4 hours after protamine administration, heparin levels remained insignificant.
      Mild heparin rebound was found in two patients (4.5%) but was not associated with
      excessive bleeding. Following bypass a comparison of heparin levels and ACTs
      demonstrated the ACT to be a poor indicator of residual circulating heparin.
      These data show: (1) that neither the heparin dosage nor the plasma heparin
      concentration can accurately predict the magnitude of the clinical heparin effect
      in patients undergoing CPB and emphasize the importance of the ACT as the best
      available measurement of safe anticoagulation, (2) heparin "rebound" was not
      clinically significant, and (3) heparin was neutralized with 2 to 3 mg/kg
      protamine in virtually all patients, regardless of the total heparin dose.

PMID- 6823138
TI  - Repair of postinfarction ventricular septal defect in the elderly. Early and long
      term results.
AB  - We performed 13 operations on 12 elderly patients with ventricular septal defect
      (VSD) following myocardial infarction. All patients were older than 65 years
      (range 66 to 82 years) and six were over 70 years of age. Ten underwent
      operation, with counterpulsation support, within 3 weeks of development of the
      VSD. Among eight patients with anteriorly located VSDs, there were four
      survivors. Among four patients with inferior defects, three survived. Overall
      hospital survival was 58%. Hospital costs were no greater in the elderly than in
      younger patients. The seven long-term survivors were followed up for from 10
      months to 7.5 years (mean 3.9 years). There was one sudden death at 7.5 years in
      a previously well man. Of the remaining six patients, five are in New York Heart
      Association Class I, and one is in Class II. One woman, now 84 years old, lives
      independently over 2 years after repair. Our experience with respect to
      management suggests that unless medical therapy results in continued improvement
      rather than stability alone, hemodynamic deterioration is inevitable, and
      survival for delayed repair is unlikely. Furthermore, undue delay frequently
      results in renal failure and severely compromises the chances for survival after
      repair in the acute state.

PMID- 6823139
TI  - Reconstruction of complex thoracic defects with myocutaneous and muscle flaps.
      Applications of new flap refinements.
AB  - This report describes reconstructions of complex thoracic defects with
      myocutaneous and muscle flaps that were modified by several recent refinements of
      flap design. These refinements comprise a second generation of myocutaneous and
      muscle flaps, which have substantially increased versatility and extended
      applications, as compared with the originally described flaps. These refinements
      include the following: (1) segmentally split latissimus dorsi and pectoralis
      major flaps, which transfer only one muscle segment as the flap and leave other
      segments of the same muscle in situ to preserve motor function; (2) pectoralis
      major fasciocutaneous flaps, which are extended by abdominal skin and fascia to
      provide longer, larger flaps; (3) reversed pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
      flaps, which are supplied by secondary, distal vascular pedicles that permit flap
      use when the primary vascular supply is interrupted; and (4) island vascular
      pedicle muscle flaps, which allow intercostal passage for reconstruction of
      intrathoracic defects and cavities. The anatomic bases for these flap refinements
      are described, and the advantages provided are discussed.

PMID- 6823137
TI  - Complications of percutaneous intra-aortic balloon insertion.

PMID- 6823140
TI  - Correction of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Correction of the full spectrum of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal
      fistula (TEF) remains controversial. Circular myotomy and other lengthening
      procedures have shown promise to reduce tension when a relatively wide gap exists
      between esophageal segments; nevertheless a relatively high complication rate
      persists. We believe anastomotic tension is commonly found with repair of this
      anomaly. Therefore, the construction of the anastomosis will be a primary
      determinant of success. Twenty-four infants with TEF were admitted, 12 (50%)
      weighing 2.5 kg, nine (37%) 1.8 to 2.5 kg, and three (13%) 1.8 kg. All underwent
      gastrostomy and end-to-end single-layer anastomosis. Gaps of up to 4.5 cm were
      encountered, and in one case a cervical incision was necessary for mobilization
      of the upper pouch. For eight patients (33%) the gap was at least 2.5 cm and
      significant anastomotic tension was generated. For the series, there were no
      anastomotic leaks (all confirmed by barium swallow), reoperations, or surgical
      complications (there were two late, unrelated deaths). Prophylactic dilation was
      routinely performed 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Subsequently, seven of
      the 24 (29%) required additional (one to five) dilatations but are now
      asymptomatic at least 2 years later. Follow-up for the entire series is 5 months
      to 5 years. Three infants (13%) required fundoplication for reflux without
      stricture and two infants (8%) an aortopexy. For successful esophageal
      anastomosis we consider the following technical points important: (1) no-touch
      technique to minimize tissue damage, (2) generous (5 to 7 mm) full-thickness
      suture depth, (3) fine (6/0) monofilament suture to reduce tissue reactivity, and
      (4) in cases of significant tension, the sutures are preplaced and used to
      provide traction to eliminate tension during tying. Tension is often unavoidable
      in TEF, yet a carefully constructed anastomosis will withstand this stress. This
      approach provides results at least as satisfactory as the reported experience
      with a variety of techniques.

PMID- 6823141
TI  - Treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. A progress report.
AB  - Graft replacement therapy was employed in the treatment of 67 patients with
      aneurysms of the transverse aortic arch. Patients were divided into three groups
      according to the extent of the aneurysm, which determined method of treatment and
      results. Group I consisted of 37 patients with distal aneurysms treated by simple
      proximal and distal clamping and aortic reconstruction, with survival in 36.
      Similarly located lesions in three patients in Group II, in whom the aorta could
      not be clamped proximally, were treated by hypothermia and circulatory arrest
      without graft inclusion technique, with survival in one. In Group III, the 27
      patients, three with recurrent lesions and 19 with extensive aneurysms including
      the entire aorta in four, were treated by hypothermia, brachiocephalic arterial
      clamping, graft inclusion, and direct brachiocephalic vessel reattachment. The
      distal aneurysmal disease was replaced in most cases by a staged operation
      including total aortic replacement in two patients. Of the 27 patients in this
      group, 26 survived both the arch and subsequent operations.

PMID- 6823142
TI  - Recognition and management of ascending aortic dissection complicating cardiac
      surgical operations.
AB  - This study retrospectively reviews the hospital records of 24 patients who
      developed ascending aortic dissection during or following 6,943 cardiac surgical
      procedures performed from January, 1971, through December, 1981. Group I consists
      of 15 patients with ascending aortic dissection presenting intraoperatively
      during myocardial revascularization. Group II consists of nine patients, seven
      who underwent myocardial revascularization and two who underwent aortic valve
      replacement, who developed ascending aortic dissection 30 minutes to 21 days
      after cardiac operation. Four of these patients had poorly controlled
      hypertension postoperatively. Surgical repair was attempted in all patients in
      Group I, with an operative mortality of 33%. The major cause of death was
      myocardial dysfunction secondary to ischemia. There were no operative deaths
      among six patients managed with closed plication techniques alone. Four of nine
      patients in Group II underwent ascending aortic dissection repair with an
      operative mortality of 50%. The overall mortality in Group II was 78%. The major
      factor in this high mortality was a delay in diagnosis and surgical therapy.
      Early diagnosis of the intraoperative or postoperative ascending aortic
      dissection process is essential to minimize the extent of dissection and prevent
      delay of definitive surgical therapy. Closed aortic plication of the intimal
      injury rather than more extensive aortic repair may reduce morbidity and
      mortality in selected patients.

PMID- 6823143
TI  - Coronary artery disease following mediastinal radiation therapy.
AB  - Coronary artery disease occurred in four young men (mean age 41 years) who had
      received curative irradiation therapy for mediastinal malignancies 12 to 18 (mean
      15) years previously. None was at high risk for developing coronary artery
      disease by Framingham criteria. Angiography demonstrated proximal coronary artery
      disease with normal distal vessels. Distribution of the lesions correlated with
      radiation dosimetry in that vessels exposed to higher radiation intensity were
      more frequently diseased. Three patients had coronary bypass grafting for
      intractable angina and are asymptomatic at 10 to 43 months. A total of 163
      patients underwent mediastinal irradiation for lymphoma or thymoma between 1959
      and 1980. Among the 29 who survived 10 or more years, five (18%) developed severe
      coronary artery disease, implicating thoracic radiotherapy as an important risk
      factor. Because of the importance of mantle irradiation in the treatment of
      lymphomas, the prevalence of these neoplasms, and the survival patterns following
      treatment, many long-term survivors may be at increased risk for the development
      of coronary artery disease. Recognition of the relationship between radiotherapy
      and coronary artery disease may lead to earlier diagnosis and more timely
      intervention. Standard surgical treatment may be particularly beneficial because
      of the relative youth of most of these patients and because the proximal
      distribution of typical lesions increases the likelihood of complete
      revascularization.

PMID- 6823144
TI  - Complete repair of the Taussig-Bing type of double-outlet right ventricle using
      the arterial switch operation without coronary translocation. Report of one
      successful case.

PMID- 6823145
TI  - The optimal repair for the Taussig-Bing heart.

PMID- 6823146
TI  - Pretreatment with lidoflazine, a calcium-channel blocker. Useful adjunct to
      heterogeneous cold potassium cardioplegia.
AB  - Ten mongrel dogs were studied to determine if pretreatment with lidoflazine would
      protect the canine myocardium during aortic cross-clamping when circumflex
      coronary artery occlusion limits the distribution of cold potassium cardioplegia.
      A canine right heart bypass preparation was used. Regional function was
      determined with a sonomicrometer. Twenty minutes before aortic cross-clamping,
      lidoflazine or solvent was administered in a random, blind fashion. A circumflex
      artery snare prevented the cardioplegic solution from entering the circumflex
      artery. A 100 minute arrest period with cardioplegic infusion every 20 minutes
      was followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion before global and regional function
      were reevaluated. In the group receiving solvent, postarrest function in the
      circumflex region recovered to only 30% of prearrest values (p less than 0.05), a
      marked functional deterioration. In the group protected by lidoflazine, function
      in the circumflex region returned to 90% of prearrest values (NS). Function in
      the left anterior descending (LAD) regions of both groups demonstrated full
      recovery after arrest. Global left ventricular function was well preserved in
      both groups and failed to reflect the damaged, malfunctioning region in the group
      receiving solvent. These findings suggest that pretreatment with lidoflazine can
      improve myocardial protection when delivery of cardioplegia is not homogeneous.

PMID- 6823147
TI  - Regional blood flow during cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta and infusion of
      sodium nitroprusside.
AB  - Labeled microspheres, 15 microns in diameter, were used to determine cardiac
      output and regional blood flow response to cross-clamping of the midthoracic
      aorta and subsequent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion in 11 dogs. During
      aortic cross-clamping, mean arterial pressure above the occlusion (MAPa)
      increased 30% to 35%, mean arterial pressure below the occlusion (MAPb) decreased
      87%, cardiac index decreased 12% to 14%, left atrial pressure (LAP) doubled, and
      renal and spinal cord (lower part) blood flows decreased substantially (85% to
      94%). SNP infusion returned MAPa to baseline values, decreased MAPb by half, and
      substantially and further decreased renal blood flow (to 3% to 5% of baseline
      values). Myocardial and cerebral blood flows increased substantially (up to 250%
      to 400%). An increase in preload (fluid load) was accompanied by an increase in
      LAP, cardiac index, and myocardial blood flow only but not in renal or spinal
      cord flow. There was a strong association between cortical renal blood flow and
      MAPb (r2 = 0.92; p less than 0.0001), which suggests that blood flow through
      organs and tissues below the occlusion is pressure dependent. The data show that
      SNP infusion during thoracic aortic cross-clamping improves systemic and regional
      circulation above the occlusion but decreases MAPb and therefore blood flow below
      the occlusion. SNP infusion should be used with caution during aortic cross
      clamping, since arterial hypotension of any degree may be deleterious to organs
      below the cross-clamp.

PMID- 6823149
TI  - Modified Shumacker repair of transposition of the great arteries. Surgical and
      angiocardiographic considerations.
AB  - Sixteen patients with transposition of the great arteries, 8 days to 2 1/2 years
      of age, underwent intra-atrial transposition of venous return by the modified
      Shumacker technique. A bipedicle flap of right atrial wall was used to direct
      vena caval return to the mitral valve, and a hinged viable flap of pericardium
      was used to form the lateral wall of the pulmonary venous pathway. Thirteen
      patients survived operation and are well to date. Two of the three nonsurvivors
      were less than 1 month of age at operation, and the third had an associated inlet
      ventricular septal defect and a straddling tricuspid valve. Early postoperative
      chest radiographs were compared with preoperative films in each patient.
      Postoperative findings included minor right pleural effusion in four, minor
      pneumothorax in two, and paralyzed right hemidiaphragm in one. Two patients
      required a permanent pacemaker because of the development of sick sinus syndrome
      2 and 4 years postoperatively. Each preoperative angiocardiogram was reviewed and
      compared with postoperative studies in nine patients. The latter demonstrated
      absence of caval gradients in each, trivial baffle leaks in four, a moderate
      baffle leak in one, small residual ventricular septal defects in two, and mild
      tricuspid regurgitation in two patients.

PMID- 6823148
TI  - Intraoperative management of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Experimental evaluation of
      perfusion cooling of the spinal cord.

PMID- 6823150
TI  - Primary intratracheal neurilemoma.
AB  - We report a case in a 38-year-old white woman of a benign primary intratracheal
      neurilemoma that recurred 12 years after an initial endoscopic excision. Of the
      12 intratracheal neurilemomas that have previously been reported, all occurred in
      white persons in an age range of 6 to 71 years and most were located in the lower
      trachea and produced symptoms of cough and wheezing.

PMID- 6823151
TI  - Symposium on antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 6823152
TI  - Transient ischemic attack and stroke in a community-based diabetic cohort.
AB  - The role of hypertension was evaluated as a factor in the increased frequency of
      cerebrovascular disease in a community-based diabetic cohort. Hypertension was
      found to account only in part for the increased frequency of transient ischemic
      attacks in the diabetic patient but appeared to account entirely for the
      increased frequency of stroke in these patients. Most transient ischemic attacks
      were found to arise from the carotid circulation. The ratio of ischemic cerebral
      infarction to hemorrhage was greater among diabetic patients than in the general
      population.

PMID- 6823153
TI  - General principles of antimicrobial therapy.
AB  - The initial treatment of suspected life-threatening bacterial infection should be
      sufficiently broad to cover the likely causative agents. Definitive therapy
      depends on microbial isolation, identification, and, when indicated, in vitro
      susceptibility tests. Parenteral therapy should be used, at least initially, and
      optimal doses are necessary. The dose is particularly important when
      aminoglycosides are administered; a concern for potential side effects with use
      of these agents had engendered a tendency to administer inadequate doses. The
      problems leading to recurrence or persistence of fever during antimicrobial
      therapy include failure to diagnose and drain abscesses, superinfection, drug
      fever, and clinical or microbiologic errors. Combinations of antibiotics are
      indicated in severe infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcal group
      D streptococci, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Laboratory assistance for the
      selection of antimicrobial therapy can be valuable but is not always necessary
      because certain microorganisms--for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S.
      pyogenes--have stable, predictable susceptibilities. Cautious conservatism is
      advocated with regard to the use of new antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 6823154
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial cyst.

PMID- 6823155
TI  - Breast cancer: estrogen and progesterone receptor assays as a guide to therapy.

PMID- 6823156
TI  - The role of the laser in the detection and treatment of tracheobronchial
      malignant lesions.

PMID- 6823158
TI  - Early-adult development in the medical student.
AB  - This report focuses on young-adult development as it pertains to medical
      students. After a brief review of Erikson's developmental tasks, this article
      examines medical school stresses and pressures that impede attainment of these
      tasks. Medical school itself is also viewed within an Eriksonian framework, with
      each year presenting a series of developmental tasks that the student must
      overcome. The unique stresses of women medical students are also examined.
      Suggestions for prevention and intervention are proffered.

PMID- 6823157
TI  - Five-year experience with temporary pacemaker therapy in the coronary care unit.
AB  - The clinical course of 1,022 consecutive patients who received a temporary
      transvenous pacemaker in the coronary care unit during a 5-year period between
      January 1976 and January 1981 was reviewed. The route of pacemaker insertion was
      identified in 942 patients (92.2%) and included antecubital vein cutdown in 606
      patients (59.3%), subclavian venipuncture in 177 patients (17.3%), right internal
      jugular venipuncture in 111 patients (10.9%), and femoral venipuncture in 48
      patients (4.7%). Pacemaker-related complications occurred in 140 instances (13.7%
      morbidity), without associated mortality. The most common complication was the
      development of a new pericardial rub (54 patients, 5.3%). The right internal
      jugular approach was associated with the lowest complication rate. On the basis
      of these findings, it is our practice to insert temporary pacemakers via the
      right internal jugular or subclavian route.

PMID- 6823159
TI  - Tests for pernicious anemia: serum vitamin B12 assay.

PMID- 6823160
TI  - Measurement of urinary MHPG.

PMID- 6823161
TI  - Digital angiography for carotid bruits.

PMID- 6823162
TI  - Vancomycin.
AB  - Vancomycin is a narrow-spectrum bactericidal antistaphylococcal antibiotic that
      was introduced in 1956 because of its efficacy against resistant penicillinase
      producing staphylococci. It was effective for serious staphylococcal infections
      for which no satisfactory alternative to penicillin G was available at the time.
      When methicillin and the other semisynthetic penicillins and the cephalosporins
      were introduced, the role of vancomycin was relegated to the alternative therapy
      of choice when the penicillins and the cephalosporins could not be used. In the
      future, vancomycin may be used more frequently in (1) methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus infections, (2) streptococcal endocarditis in conjunction
      with an aminoglycoside in patients intolerant to penicillin or ampicillin, (3)
      infections associated with prosthetic devices caused by organisms with multiple
      antibiotic resistance, and (4) antibiotic-induced enterocolitis associated with
      Clostridium difficile.

PMID- 6823163
TI  - Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin.
AB  - The tetracyclines are active in vitro against many urinary tract pathogens such
      as Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Brucella, rickettsiae, and Nocardia.
      Chloramphenicol is used primarily for anaerobic infections, Haemophilus
      influenzae meningitis, and infections due to Salmonella typhi. Erythromycin is
      active in vitro against M. pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae,
      and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; it may also be used as prophylactic
      therapy for subacute bacterial endocarditis and for recurrence of acute rheumatic
      fever in patients who are allergic to penicillin. Clindamycin should be used
      primarily for the treatment of anaerobic infections. The tetracyclines may cause
      gastrointestinal upset; phototoxic dermatitis; hepatitis, especially in pregnant
      women; discoloration of the teeth and bone dysplasia in the human fetus and in
      children; and superinfections, especially oral and anogenital candidiasis. The
      tetracyclines should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
      The most important toxic effect of chloramphenicol is bone marrow suppression,
      which is dose related or idiosyncratic. The incidence of undesirable side effects
      associated with the use of erythromycin is low; gastrointestinal irritation is
      the most common, and cholestatic hepatitis may occur with the use of erythromycin
      estolate. Pseudomembranous colitis is the most important toxic effect associated
      with the use of clindamycin.

PMID- 6823167
TI  - An endolaryngeal brachytherapy mould for a carcinoma of the larynx recurrent
      after surgery and radiation.

PMID- 6823168
TI  - Whiplash examination.

PMID- 6823166
TI  - Phenothiazine induced lingual trauma.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman presented with an unusual and unfortunate combination of
      complications to a phenothiazine drug. Rhythmic protrusion of her tongue was not
      a problem until it became trapped outside of her oral cavity by spasm of the
      muscles of mastication. Massive edema with questionable viability of her tongue
      ensued. She presented as an airway as well as therapeutic management problem.

PMID- 6823165
TI  - Adductor spastic dysphonia: three years after recurrent laryngeal nerve
      resection.
AB  - The voices of 33 patients, ages 44 to 79 years, were assessed after recurrent
      laryngeal nerve resection for adductor spastic dysphonia. Voice improvement was
      noted in all patients 24 hours after surgery: in 97% at 1 month, 97% at 6 months,
      82% at 1 year, 70% at 1 1/2 years, 58% at 2 years, 52% at 2 1/2 years, and 36% at
      3 years. Of the 64% with failed voices by 3 years, 48% were worse than before
      surgery. Of the 36% whose voices remained improved, 58% were worse than at any
      previous period and 42% were better. Failures among women (77%) were considerably
      higher than among men (36%). Except for one patient, none of the patients with
      improvement achieved a normal voice. Patients with improvement had varied types
      and degrees of dysphonia: breathiness, hoarseness, diplophonia, and falsetto
      pitch breaks. The voices of some patients approached normalcy. A high percent of
      patients had voice tremor and regular voice arrests on vowel prolongation,
      signaling that the spastic dysphonia may have been related to essential (voice)
      tremor and that the spastic dysphonia returned because of increased severity of
      the neurologic tremor. We conclude that recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery for
      adductor spastic dysphonia has long-term limitations and that the differential
      diagnosis between neurologic and psychogenic types is imperative prior to
      therapeutic decision making.

PMID- 6823164
TI  - The aminoglycosides. Streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin,
      netilmicin, sisomicin.
AB  - Despite their toxicity, the aminoglycosides remain useful and are often the first
      choice in the treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli.
      Nephrotoxicity has restricted the indications for neomycin to topical and oral
      use. Emergence of resistant organisms has limited the use of streptomycin to a
      few specific conditions. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are effective
      against a broad spectrum of gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. Amikacin is the aminoglycoside of choice when gentamicin resistance
      is prevalent.

PMID- 6823170
TI  - An "on-call" kit.

PMID- 6823169
TI  - Phenol anesthesia for myringotomy.

PMID- 6823171
TI  - Delayed failure of myocutaneous flaps in head and neck reconstruction.
AB  - Since the concept of myocutaneous flap reconstruction of the head and neck region
      was introduced it has opened a new approach to surgical management in this area.
      This flap not only reduced the number of operations as compared to "staged
      procedure", but also reduced the costs of medical care. We are, however,
      experiencing significant failures as the applications of this flap are extended.
      This paper reviews our experience with myocutaneous flaps in 15 partial and total
      failures. An evaluation of these failures reveals that most occurred 1 1/2 to 3
      weeks after reconstruction. The factors predisposing to failure seem related more
      to technical errors rather than to general factors. Diabetes, peripheral vascular
      disease, malnutrition and low hemoglobin, and low blood pressure were not major
      contributors to the failures in our series. Local factors predisposing to failure
      of myocutaneous flaps can be divided into two large categories--arterial failure
      and venous failure. In our series of unsuccessful myocutaneous flaps, the major
      factors appeared to be venous stasis leading to arterial insufficiency. All
      failures had developed after the initial critical period of flap survival (7-10
      days). The following techniques showed an especially high rate of failure: 1. SCM
      -myocutaneous flap to resurface floor of mouth. 2. Tubed pectoralis myocutaneous
      flap to reconstruct pharynx and esophagus. 3. Flaps developed with very narrow
      vascular pedicles. Individual cases representing delayed failure are presented.

PMID- 6823172
TI  - Modified supraglottic laryngectomy and resection of lesions of the base of
      tongue.
AB  - Extensive malignant tumors involving the base of tongue and adjacent pharyngeal
      walls usually require surgical resection combined with radiation therapy and
      sometimes chemotherapy. Often it is elected to perform a concomitant laryngectomy
      to prevent chronic aspiration, but not because of tumor extension to the larynx.
      A new technique allowing preservation of glottic function is described. This
      involved preservation of the false vocal folds and their surgical closure. The
      interarytenoid mucosa is preserved. This provides a fistula with a sphincteric
      function in the interarytenoid area. A permanent tracheostoma is created. This
      procedure has been used in the treatment of eight patients from April of 1979 to
      April of 1982. One patient died of sepsis in the early postoperative period. Of
      the seven evaluable patients, only one experienced significant aspiration
      postoperatively. All patients achieved adequate phonation. Four patients
      developed good speech. The remaining three patients have some speech, but are
      limited in their articulation because of resection of a significant portion of
      the oral tongue. Three patients are alive and have developed a recurrence. Two
      patients are alive with recurrent disease and two patients died of their disease.
      This procedure appears to allow adequate surgical resection of extensive
      oropharyngeal neoplasms with preservation of the laryngeal functions of phonation
      and protection of the lower tracheal-bronchial tree.

PMID- 6823173
TI  - Laryngeal transposition flap for reconstruction of large oral cavity defects.
AB  - Resection of the entire tongue and floor of the mouth, with or without the
      anterior mandibular arch, may necessitate sacrifice of the larynx to prevent life
      threatening aspiration and poses a significant reconstructive dilemma. Regional
      cutaneous or myocutaneous flaps can provide adequate healthy tissue for repair,
      but share the inherent disadvantage of resurfacing the oral cavity with skin
      (which may be hair bearing), rather than mucosa. Moreover, cutaneous flaps
      usually necessitate a planned orocutaneous fistula and secondary closure, and
      bulky myocutaneous flaps may interfere with oral competence. Larynx transposition
      has been used for some time at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to repair
      selected large oral cavity defects resulting from resection of the entire tongue
      and floor of the mouth. This report illustrates the laryngeal transposition flap
      which is developed from the skeletonized, laryngofissured larynx based on the
      superior laryngeal arteriovenous pedicle. The advantages and disadvantages of
      this technique, as compared with alternative methods of reconstruction, are
      discussed.

PMID- 6823175
TI  - Symposium: the nose versus the environment.

PMID- 6823174
TI  - The site and function of the nasal valve.
AB  - Previous observers have suggested that the main site of respiratory airflow
      resistance is localized to the vestibular region of the nose. This resistive
      segment of the airway was investigated using a "head-out" body plethysmograph in
      subjects with anatomically normal noses (a) untreated, (b) congested and (c)
      decongested. In all three conditions, 2/3 of the total nasal airflow resistance
      was found within the bony cavum in the vicinity of the pyriform aperture and
      about 1/3 in the cartilaginous vestibule. As might be expected, caval resistance
      changed proportionately with the degree of mucosal congestion; but, more
      surprisingly, vestibular resistance changed similarly. This was due in part to
      the observed forward expansion of the anterior ends of the inferior turbinates
      with congestion. EMG recordings in subjects breathing through both nostrils
      demonstrated a gradation of inspiratory alar dilator muscle activity with
      increased minute ventilation and with mucosal congestion, and there was no
      evidence of inspiratory alar collapse. But with elevated ventilation through one
      nostril only, or when the alar muscles were paralyzed by lidocaine block of the
      VIIth nerve, alar collapse occurred. These findings are of importance in the
      management of the congested but anatomically normal nose and in surgery of the
      nasal tip.

PMID- 6823178
TI  - Allergic mucociliary dysfunction.
AB  - Allergic rhinitis is typically associated with excessive nasal secretions and
      morphologic changes of the nasal mucosa; however, an impairment of mucociliary
      transport, the ultimate expression of mucociliary function, has so far not been
      clearly demonstrated. Tracheal mucociliary transport rates are decreased in
      patients with allergic asthma, and inhalation challenge with antigen causes a
      further impairment that appears to be related to the liberation of chemical
      mediators, notably slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Physiologic studies of
      mucociliary function in the nose similar to those that have been reported for the
      lower airways will be required to assess the role of mucociliary dysfunction in
      allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 6823177
TI  - Nasal ciliary structural pathology.

PMID- 6823180
TI  - Intermediate results of 306 recurrent laryngeal nerve sections for spastic
      dysphonia.
AB  - Recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spastic dysphonia was first performed in
      1975 because prior forms of treatment had failed. Virtually every patient has had
      a detailed postoperative follow-up which includes a tape recording and a self
      assessment questionnaire. The majority of patients remain free of spasticity at
      this medium-term follow-up. In some, spasticity recurred with less than
      preoperative severity. A small percentage of patients have a persistent breathy
      phonation. The first group is treated with vocal fold lateralization procedure
      using the CO2 laser; the second, with Teflon. When needed, voice therapy is also
      given. This paper provides a basis for diagnosis, indications for surgery,
      primary and secondary surgical techniques, encountered problems, and medium-term
      follow-up results.

PMID- 6823181
TI  - Elusive head and neck carcinomas beneath intact mucosa.
AB  - This study presents 19 patients who had mucosally inapparent carcinomas of the
      upper aerodigestive tract demonstrated by computed tomography (CT). This group
      contains subpopulations that were identified both retrospectively and
      prospectively. During the same period 40 nasopharyngeal, 20 oropharyngeal-tongue
      base, and over 100 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas were studied; all had
      clinically obvious mucosal components. Nine of our 19 patients had strictly
      submucosal tumors and a variety of clinical presentations; 5 patients had
      strictly submucosal recurrence of treated carcinomas and 5 had mucosal lesions
      which were not identified on examinations by more than one practicing head and
      neck surgeon. Sixteen of the 19 tumors were confirmed histologically; in 3 others
      confirmation was by a combination of CT and clinical course. CT can demonstrate
      the deep extent of aerodigestive tract carcinomas more accurately than physical
      examination and it can show mucosally inapparent disease. CT should be part of
      the staging work-up in nearly all upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas and in
      patients suspected of harboring an unknown primary within this region.

PMID- 6823182
TI  - Computed tomography vs. histology of laryngeal cancer: their value in predicting
      laryngeal cartilage invasion.
AB  - Twenty-seven cancerous larynges were examined preoperatively by computed
      tomography and postoperatively by transaxial anatomic sections. Data from this
      correlative study provides a new radiographic classification based upon the
      relationship of the plane of maximal tumor size to the apex, body, or vocal
      process of the arytenoid. Unlike those tumors whose maximal size lies at or above
      the apex of the arytenoid, those below have a very high association with
      cartilage invasion (8% in former group, 86% in latter group). This is explained
      by our observation of sites of predilection of tumor invasion of the thyroid,
      cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages. At these sites collagen fibers have been
      observed to pass through the perichondrium and attach directly to cartilage.
      These same fibers may serve as a pathway to direct growth of tumor cells. There
      was no correlation between six histologic parameters and the presence of
      cartilage invasion.

PMID- 6823183
TI  - The role of conservative surgery in the management of inverted papilloma.
AB  - A group of 31 patients with inverted papilloma were treated at the Mount Sinai
      Medical Center. There were no multicentric cases, and one patient had an
      associated malignancy. A conservative procedure consisting of intranasal or
      transantral sphenoethmoidectomy was selectively performed in 8 patients with
      limited lesions. No recurrences were observed in this group after a mean follow
      up of 2 years. Lateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy and en bloc resection
      of the ethmoid labyrinth was performed in 23 other patients. One recurrence
      appeared in this group, members of which were followed a mean of 3.8 years.
      Radiographic evaluation by multidirectional polytomography and CT scanning
      permits identification of a small group of patients who have limited lesions and
      may be candidates for conservative tumor excision.

PMID- 6823179
TI  - Survival rates in 548 patients with multiple neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive
      tract.
AB  - The high incidence of multiple primary carcinomas occurring in the upper
      aerodigestive tract is well documented, with the accepted incidence being as high
      as 20-30%. The full clinical significance of this phenomenon is, however, only
      now becoming apparent. Herein 548 cases of documented multiple primary neoplasms,
      presenting initially in the upper aerodigestive tract, are evaluated
      retrospectively to establish the survival in these patients. The overall 5 years
      survival rate after diagnosis of the second neoplasm was found to be 22.3% which
      was significantly lower than a control group. The reasons for this poor survival
      are considered. These include: 1. the high incidence of second cancers developing
      in the lung and esophagus which have an extremely poor survival rate; 2. the
      frequent late diagnosis of the second lesions, with resultant advanced staging,
      and therefore poor prognosis; 3. inability to institute the appropriate therapy
      for these lesions due to the effects of previous radical therapy utilized for the
      first tumor. The clinical implications of this problem are discussed.

PMID- 6823176
TI  - Nasal mucous transport and our ambient air.
AB  - The nose usually serves to conduct air in and out of the lungs; but it also
      defends the body against airborne noxious materials and modifies the physical
      condition of inspired air prior to its arrival in the lungs. A major factor in
      these physiological functions is mucociliary clearance which depends on the
      secretion of airway secretions and ciliary activity. This function is impaired by
      certain air pollutants, but not by relative humidity or temperature of the
      ambient air.

PMID- 6823184
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic laryngeal stenosis secondary to vocal cord
      paralysis: pre and postoperative evaluation of ventilatory function.
AB  - Thirteen patients with chronic laryngeal stenosis were operated upon with total
      excision of stenotic scar tissue, enlargement of the lumen by sectioning the back
      and front wall of the larynx, and application of an indwelling Teflon prosthesis
      for 4 months. The stenosis was in many cases caused by long-standing recurrent
      paralysis complicated by attempted surgical correction of the stenosis. Following
      operation, the specific airway conductance increased in all patients (mean +/- SD
      pre and postoperative values 0.51 +/- 0.30 and 1.12 +/- 0.51 kPa-1.s-1,
      respectively). The FIV1/FVC ratio was determined in 9 patients and an increase
      was postoperatively noted in all of them (mean +/- SD pre and postoperative
      values 43 +/- 17 and 76 +/- 13%, respectively). The physiological findings
      confirmed the excellent clinical results of the treatment.

PMID- 6823185
TI  - Anterior approaches to the cervical spine.
AB  - Excellent exposure of the cervical spine from C4 to T1 can be attained with the
      standard anterior approach which utilizes a longitudinal or transverse incision
      to gain access to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid which, along
      with the trachea, esophagus, and carotid sheath, is retracted. Blunt dissection
      anterior to the sheath exposes the prevertebral fascia and the anterior aspect of
      the spine from C4 to T1. Occasionally surgery in the lower cervical spine
      necessitates detachment of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid.
      Anterolateral approaches to the upper cervical spine and base of the skull often
      require partial release of the sternocleidomastoid from the mastoid process and
      retraction of the carotid sheath and hypoglossal and spinal accessory nerves. If
      these retropharyngeal approaches do not provide sufficient access to the base of
      the skull and C1 and C2, a transoral approach, possibly with mandible and tongue
      splitting, can be useful. Infection is a consideration in transoral surgery,
      however, and this approach is indicated only in special circumstances.

PMID- 6823186
TI  - Complications associated with the surgical treatment of cholesteatoma.
AB  - The surgical complications associated with a cholesteatoma are predictable
      preoperatively depending upon the location of a cholesteatoma. If the patient has
      as attic cholesteatoma the surgeon can anticipate postoperatively a dry ear,
      minimal chance of persistent or recurrent cholesteatoma, satisfactory hearing
      restoration, and, although a mastoidectomy is usually necessary, the size of the
      mastoid cavity in an adult can be extremely small. If a patient has a middle ear
      cholesteatoma the surgeon can anticipate postoperatively a relatively high
      incidence of moist ears, persistent or recurrent cholesteatoma, and an
      unsatisfactory hearing result. However, seldom will the creation of a mastoid
      cavity be necessary as rarely will mastoidectomy be required. Although most of
      the children before puberty in the study had middle ear cholesteatomas, all
      children--regardless of the location of cholesteatoma--had a higher incidence of
      surgical failure than did the adults.

PMID- 6823188
TI  - Physiologic maxillary antrostomy--update.
AB  - Physiologic antrostomy, as presented in this paper, is a procedure developed by
      the author using both old and new techniques. Indications and contraindications
      for the use of the physiologic maxillary antrostomy are listed. The osteoplastic
      flap (trapdoor) is used to enter the antrum. The nature of the lesions which can
      be handled through this approach are covered. The methods for removal of the
      lesions without removing the mucous membrane lining are given. The indications
      for removing this membrane are also presented. The methods are presented for the
      placing of the ventilation tube in the natural ostium. A step by step description
      of the technique used to perform this type of surgery is presented. Using this
      method, surgery that is done in or through the maxillary sinus is simplified and
      the severe sequelae of the Caldwell-Luc type of surgery are largely overcome.

PMID- 6823189
TI  - Tetracycline induced esophageal ulcers. a clinical and experimental study.
AB  - Medication with oral drugs has not been considered as a cause of esophageal
      lesions in the general literature of esophageal disease. This study demonstrates
      40 patients with complaints of sudden onset of intense retrosternal pains and
      odynophagia during treatment with oral tetracyclines. All patients had distinct
      circumferential ulcers in the esophagus. Medical history, barium swallows,
      esophagoscopy, biopsies and esophageal manometry revealed no other apparent
      etiology but a local corrosive effect of the tetracyclines. Experimental tests on
      the esophagus of the cat verified a severe local corrosive effect of the
      tetracyclines. Another tetracycline, lymecycline, not reported previously to
      induce esophageal lesions in man, was significantly less ulcerogenic than
      doxycycline and oxytetracycline. Drug induced esophageal ulcerations are likely
      to be more numerous than previously suspected. The experimental model used
      appears to be sound for investigating ulcerogenic potentials of orally
      administered drugs.

PMID- 6823187
TI  - Head and neck manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common condition with many manifestations
      which are of interest to the otolaryngologist. Factors predisposing to GER
      include anatomic abnormalities of the esophagus and pharynx, neurogenic disease
      and diet induced decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Three interesting
      cases are reported, including subglottic stenosis which has not previously been
      thought to be a complication of GER. A literature review of otolaryngologic
      symptoms, the problems of diagnosis, and a suggested treatment plan are
      presented.

PMID- 6823190
TI  - Stereoscanning electron microscopy of argon laser excised laryngeal papilloma.
AB  - Laryngeal papillomas were removed from two patients with the argon laser and
      examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM), and stereoscanning electron microscopy (SSEM). Two techniques, lipid
      carbohydrate retention for TEM specimens and sonication for SEM, were applied in
      studying the papillomas. Lipid-carbohydrate retention results were in agreement
      with previous work in papilloma ultrastructure. The char interface was observed
      with the sonication technique. Peripheral to the laser impact site, four zones
      were observed: 1. coagulation necrosis, 2. contracted epithelial cells, 3.
      minimally damaged epithelial cells, and 4. morphologically undamaged epithelial
      cells. In Zone 2, cells were violently popped-off as heat was conducted through
      the epithelium. The potential for spread of papillomas is discussed and suction
      of the vapor plume recommended when removing laryngeal papillomas with the argon
      laser.

PMID- 6823193
TI  - Infiltrating lipoma of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
AB  - Infiltrating lipomata are unusual benign tumors that have been rarely associated
      with the head and neck areas. We present the only known documented case of an
      infiltrating lipoma of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The literature is reviewed
      and the characteristics of these lesions are discussed. The head and neck surgeon
      should include these interesting tumors in the differential diagnosis of head and
      neck masses and be aware that, because of a known propensity for recurrence,
      total surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

PMID- 6823191
TI  - Bioactive glass ceramic: a new material in tympanoplasty.
AB  - The practicability of the bioactive glass ceramic Ceravital in ear surgery was
      tested in animals. The histological findings are presented. Over the last 3 years
      implants of bioactive glass ceramic were used in humans. Prostheses for the total
      or partial reconstruction of the ossicular chain and the reconstruction of the
      bony wall of the outer ear canal were fashioned. We have conducted about 300
      tympanoplasties and 60 total or partial reconstructions of the bony wall of the
      outer ear canal. The otoscopic and functional results were satisfactory.

PMID- 6823192
TI  - Benign schwannoma involving the infratemporal fossa and orbit.
AB  - Schwann cells intimately ensheath all neurones--of both myelinated and non
      myelinated nerves--in the peripheral nervous system. Though Schwann cell tumors
      are uncommon, up to 45% of the total may occur in the head and neck region. The
      purpose of this paper is to report a case of schwannoma arising in the right
      infratemporal fossa, and to describe the surgery involved in its removal. A
      benign tumor arising in this uncommon position requires a conservative surgical
      approach for cosmetic reasons. In this case, access was provided by mobilization
      of the zygoma, which, following removal of the tumor, was repositioned. This
      surgical procedure provided useful access to such a cryptic anatomical region
      whilst ensuring a satisfactory cosmetic result.

PMID- 6823194
TI  - Treatment of early vocal cord carcinoma: a comparison of apples and apples.
AB  - Radiation therapy, hemilaryngectomy, and even cordectomy will cure a very large
      percentage of patients with early vocal cord cancer and preserve the voice.
      However, hemilaryngectomy and cordectomy are conceded by most surgeons to usually
      produce a poorer voice, compared to radiation therapy, and the operations are
      restricted to certain anatomical distributions. Those surgeons advocating
      hemilaryngectomy or cordectomy have compared their results with radiation therapy
      series which include a proportion of patients with lesions not suitable for voice
      sparing operations. One hundred and thirty-nine patients with T 1-2 carcinoma of
      the vocal cords with a 2-15 year follow-up, who were treated initially by
      radiation therapy, were analyzed in detail by initial extent of disease. Patients
      were identified whose lesions were anatomically suitable for hemilaryngectomy or
      cordectomy, and results for these patients compared to operative results. Since
      the curative results with voice sparing by irradiation were at least equal, and
      since the quality of the voice is thought to be much better, there is little
      justification for recommending a major operation except in specific situations.
      Lesions initially suitable for voice-sparing operations which subsequently recur
      after irradiation can usually be treated by a voice-sparing operation.

PMID- 6823196
TI  - Head and neck and plastic surgery. Epiglottic reconstruction of the vocal cord
      following hemilaryngectomy.

PMID- 6823195
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - A review of 108 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis clarified the diverse
      clinical manifestations and disclosed some of the less well-known areas of
      involvement. Because of the frequency of nasal involvement in Wegener's
      granulomatosis, the otolaryngologist plays an important role in the early
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6823197
TI  - Otology and neurotology. TORP and PORP prosthesis: a cartilage-sandwich
      technique.

PMID- 6823198
TI  - Otolaryngology-allergy. Separation of granulocytes for the cytotoxic leucocyte
      test.

PMID- 6823199
TI  - Effects of leucine5 - and methionine5 - beta h - endorphin on behavior and
      electroencephalogram in cats.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular administration of leu5 - and met5 - beta h - endorphin
      produces sequential behavioral changes characterized by restlessness, eye
      fixation, head tremor, and exaggerated orienting reaction to external auditory
      stimuli, accompanied by EEG alterations. These changes take place during three
      stages. Met5- produces an increase in amplitude and reactivity of the theta
      rhythm in the hippocampus. Leu5- produces a masking of the theta rhythm by the
      appearance of spiking activity. Leu5- produces a loss of reactivity to visual
      stimuli not observed with met5-. The exaggerated reaction to auditory stimuli
      accompanied by an increased response of the reticular formation indicates a
      sensitivity of some mesencephalic structures (concerned with the modulation of
      sensory input) to both endorphins. Naloxone blockade of the subcortical (limbic)
      activity prominent in Stage II reveals the persistence of the first seen Stage I
      characteristics. These reticular-neocortical effects persist also into Stage III
      where they are seen intermixed with the limbic effects most prominent in Stage
      II. This suggests the presence of two endorphin-sensitive neural systems, only
      one of which is Naloxone reversible, and is that which in the cat covaries with
      the excited, hyperattentive state rather than the sedation and immobility phase
      seen in the rat. This dual system is compared to that described by Jacquet (13).

PMID- 6823200
TI  - Renal handling and acute urinary electrolyte effects of aminoglycoside
      antibiotics: use of a solitary renal autotransplant in the conscious sheep.
AB  - Renal handling of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and tobramycin were
      studied before and after one hour of constant intravenous infusions adjusted to
      maintain a concentration of 15 micrograms/mL. A solitary renal autotransplant
      model in four conscious volume replete 40 Kg sheep was used. This unique surgical
      preparation allows sampling of renal arterial and renal venous blood as well as
      urine drained through an exteriorized parotid-ureteral fistula. This surgical
      preparation has considerable potential in renal pharmacology since it uses a
      conscious, large animal. Baseline studies in this preparation demonstrated
      normal, 51CrEDTA and 125 I PAH, clearances which were unaffected by the drugs.
      Aminoglycoside binding to pooled sheep sera was 11% at physiologic PH, calcium
      and magnesium concentrations. A-V difference was 1.3 +/- .3 micrograms/mL and
      extraction by the kidney was 9 +/- 3.2% with no differences between gentamicin
      and tobramycin. Clearance of gentamicin was 84% and tobramycin 86% of GFR. There
      was no evidence of tubular injury as evidenced by unchanged urinary beta-2
      microglobulin excretion. Serum Na, K, Ca and Mg did not change over the course of
      the study. Both drugs caused a prompt decrease in absolute and fractional sodium
      excretion while only gentamicin produced a kaliuresis. Early aminoglycoside
      effects on electrolyte balance may be an eventual determinant of nephrotoxic
      potential rather than differences in renal drug handling.

PMID- 6823201
TI  - Quercetin stimulation of calcium release from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism by which quercetin enhances the rate of tension
      development in skinned muscle fibers, effects on calcium release from
      longitudinal tubule-derived SR (LSR) after phosphate-supported calcium uptake
      were examined. In all studies, 100 microM quercetin (which inhibits initial
      calcium uptake velocity 85%) was added at or shortly after the time calcium
      content reached a maximum at various extravesicular Ca2+ concentrations (Cao). At
      moderate Cao (0.2-1.0 microM), where spontaneous calcium release rate depended on
      Cao, quercetin caused a marked stimulation of calcium release. This was
      accompanied by a 60% reduction in calcium influx and a 30-fold increase in
      calcium efflux. Thus, the previously reported quercetin-induced increase in the
      rate of tension development by skinned muscle fibers may result, at least in
      part, from sensitization of Ca2+-triggered calcium release to lower Cao.

PMID- 6823203
TI  - Electroshock raises pentylenetetrazol threshold: possible role of inosine.
AB  - A series of 15 single electroshocks administered through electrodes applied to
      the scalp of mice raised the threshold to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures as
      determined by a tail vein infusion method. The same stimulus increased brain
      inosine and hypoxanthine. Phenytoin, which blocks the increase in inosine
      produced by this stimulus, reversed the elevation in threshold may be
      electroshock. The effect of electroshock on threshold may be mediated by inosine.

PMID- 6823202
TI  - Plasma catecholamine and serum gastrin concentrations during sham feeding.
AB  - Plasma adrenaline, plasma noradrenaline and serum gastrin concentrations were
      measured before and after sham feeding in eight patients with duodenal ulcer and
      in four normal subjects. No significant change in the concentrations was observed
      after sham feeding. In three patients with duodenal ulcer an insulin test
      resulted in a 25-fold rise in plasma adrenaline. The ulcer patients showed
      significantly higher levels of plasma adrenaline and plasma noradrenaline than
      the normal subjects both before and after sham feeding, and this difference was
      probably not caused only by age difference in the two groups. It is concluded
      that sympathetic nervous activity and serum gastrin concentrations are not
      influenced by sham feeding in contrast to the influence of insulin hypoglycemia.

PMID- 6823204
TI  - Effect of glutathione status on covalent binding and pneumotoxicity of 3
      methylindole in goats.
AB  - A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between glutathione (GSH)
      status, in-vivo metabolite covalent binding and 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced lung
      injury in goats. Cysteine or diethylmaleate pretreatments were given to sustain
      or deplete GSH, respectively, prior to intravenous 14C-3MI administration.
      Cysteine pretreatment prolonged survival times, decreased (P less than .05)
      covalent lung injury. Diethylmaleate pretreatment shortened survival times,
      increased (P less than .05) covalent binding and enhanced lung injury. Covalent
      binding was higher (P less than .05) in lung compared to liver and kidney. 3
      Methylindole alone depleted GSH in 4 hours to 36, 66, and 75% of controls in
      these tissues, respectively. The relationship between tissue GSH, covalent
      binding and toxicity supports the hypothesis that 3MI-induced pneumotoxicity
      results from the formation of activated intermediates and that GSH plays a role
      in detoxication of these 3MI metabolites.

PMID- 6823205
TI  - Amperometric detection of low concentrations of dopamine receptor agonists after
      liquid chromatographic on-column sample enrichment: effect of o-methylation on
      brain concentrations of dipropyl-5,6-ADTN and dipropyl-6,7-ADTN.
AB  - A sensitive and selective method of determination of N,N-dipropylamino-5, 6
      dihydroxytetralin and its 6,7-dihydroxy isomer in rat plasma and brain tissue is
      described. The method is based on isolation of these dopamine receptor agonists
      from the biological samples on small Sephadex G-10 columns, followed by reversed
      phase high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. Large
      volume (2 ml) injections result in on-column sample enrichment without a
      subsequent loss in column efficiency. Using this method the very low detection
      limit of 4 pmol/g was achieved in brain tissue. It was found that the lower in
      vivo potency as a centrally acting dopamine agonist of the 6,7-compared with the
      5,6-isomer is almost entirely due to the lower brain concentrations achieved
      after peripheral administration of equimolar doses. This difference is mainly
      caused by different rates of O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase, which
      follows from the fact that inhibition of this enzyme by tropolone leads to almost
      equal brain concentrations of the two isomers.

PMID- 6823206
TI  - The effects of naloxone, diprenorphine, and diazepam on responding suppressed by
      pre-shock and pre-food stimuli.
AB  - The lever-pressing of rats was reinforced with food according to a variable
      interval 1-min schedule. In one group, occasional illumination of cue lights for
      30-sec periods was followed by a brief electric shock; responding was suppressed
      during these periods. Naloxone (0.01-10 mg/kg) did not change the degree to which
      responding was suppressed during the pre-shock stimulus. Diprenorphine (0.1-10
      mg/kg) slightly attenuated suppression, and diazepam (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) increased
      responding during the stimulus to normal levels. These results confirm that
      opiate antagonists do not always enhance the effects of shock on behavior. In a
      second group, occasional illumination of the cue lights for 20-sec periods was
      followed by delivery of free food pellets. Responding was also suppressed during
      the pre-food stimulus. Neither naloxone nor diprenorphine had any effect on
      response rate during this stimulus. In contrast to the results of earlier studies
      using benzodiazepines, diazepam (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) produced a marked attenuation of
      response suppression during the pre-food stimulus.

PMID- 6823207
TI  - Liver microsome phospholipids and cytochrome P.450 concentration in phenobarbital
      treated rats fed on different diets.
AB  - Liver microsomal concentration of cytochrome P.450 is increased in animals which
      are fed diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the effects
      of phenobarbital are more important when the dietary fat is more unsaturated. The
      unsaturation index in liver microsomal phosphatidylcholines depends on the
      unsaturation of the dietary fats. The treatment with phenobarbital constantly
      results in a decrease of the unsaturation index of fatty acids both in lecithins
      and cephalins. The importance of the liver microsomal cytochrome P.450 increase
      and the importance of the unsaturation index decrease in liver microsomal
      lecithins, both promoted by phenobarbital, are in good agreement.

PMID- 6823208
TI  - A new type of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase distinct from type-A and type-B.
AB  - The characteristics of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in carp liver were
      studied with MAO inhibitors and substrates. This enzyme was thermolabile, but was
      stabilized in the presence of bovine serum albumin. With clorgyline and deprenyl,
      single-sigmoidal curves for inhibition of the activity towards tyramine or 5
      hydroxytryptamine were obtained; the sensitivities to the two inhibitors were
      identical. The activity towards beta-phenylethylamine was not completely
      inhibited by clorgyline or deprenyl, but the remaining activity was inhibited by
      semicarbazide and the inhibition curves by either clorgyline or deprenyl and
      semicarbazide were also identical to the curves with the other two substrates.
      These results suggest that carp liver mitochondria contain "classical" MAO and a
      clorgyline- and deprenyl-resistant amine oxidase and that the classical MAO does
      not seem to be MAO-A or MAO-B, which are present in mitochondria of most
      mammalian tissues.

PMID- 6823209
TI  - Growth enhancement of prolactin-sensitive mammary tumor by periaqueductal gray
      stimulation.
AB  - The weight of prolactin-insensitive and prolactin-sensitive tumors implanted in
      female rats was measured upon their sacrifice. The group that received
      periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation subsequent to prolactin-sensitive tumor
      implantation had statistically higher incidence of enhanced tumor growth than non
      PAG stimulated control group (P less than .001). There was no statistically
      significant difference seen in the tumor growth in rats implanted with prolactin
      insensitive tumor, whether or not they had PAG stimulation. These results suggest
      that enhanced tumor growth with PAG stimulation may be related to prolactin
      release, previously reported to occur with beta-endorphin and opiate
      administration.

PMID- 6823210
TI  - Effect of Clostridium butyricum on the formation and dissolution of gallstones in
      experimental cholesterol cholelithiasis.
AB  - The effect of oral administration of Clostridium butyricum Miyairi on the
      formation and dissolution of gallstones was examined in a mouse model of
      cholesterol cholelithiasis, in comparison with that of chenodeoxycholic acid
      (CDCA). A diet containing cholesterol and sodium cholate was used as a lithogenic
      diet. The feeding of the lithogenic diet containing 1.0 X 10(8) cells of this
      bacterium per g for five weeks prevented the formation of gallstones, resulted in
      lower values of the gallstone index, incidence and cholesterol content of
      gallstones than those of untreated group by 46, 43 and 46%, in order.
      Furthermore, after mice were maintained on the lithogenic diet for five weeks,
      subsequent bacterial treatment exhibited a marked gallstone dissolution effect.
      The feeding of 10(8) cells/g was effective for the prevention of gallstone
      formation and dissolution of gallstones, but that of 10(6) cells/g was not
      significantly effective. The gallstone index of the bacterium-treated group was
      lower than that of CDCA-treated group during the period of experiment, but there
      was no difference in the cholesterol content of gallstones between these two
      groups, which suggests a different mechanism of action of the bacterium from that
      of CDCA.

PMID- 6823212
TI  - Calcium oxalate urinary calculi: clinical and chemical aspects.
AB  - In 117 male patients with proven calcium oxalate renal calculi, adults of all
      ages were affected. There was a low incidence of urinary tract obstruction and
      infection and a high incidence of recurrence and bilateral disease. The group of
      patients could not be characterized as to a specific abnormality of blood or
      urine. There were no differences between all patients, a subset with multiple
      stones and normals with regard to the mean urinary excretions of calcium,
      magnesium and oxalic acid. There were no differences between the frequency
      distribution of patients with high excretions of both calcium and oxalic acid or
      low excretions of both calcium and oxalic acid. Mean supersaturation ratios and
      the frequency distribution of supersaturation ratios in 31 stone patients were
      the same as in 32 normal men. The data suggest that the difference between
      calcium oxalate stone patients and normals lies in the process of initiation.

PMID- 6823211
TI  - Time-dependent induction of hepatic drug metabolism in rats by cotinine.
AB  - Cotinine, administered twice a day for 2 days in a dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg i.p.,
      induced rat hepatic drug metabolism between 22% to 62%. Induction decreased to 26
      37% after 4 days of cotinine (40 mg/kg bid). No significant induction was
      observed after 8 days of this dose of cotinine. Explanations are offered for
      decreasing induction by cotinine with time.

PMID- 6823213
TI  - Characteristics and sequelae of peritonitis in diabetics and nondiabetics
      receiving chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of diabetic status upon peritoneal dialysis-associated
      peritonitis, the characteristics and sequelae of 159 episodes of peritonitis were
      reviewed in 26 diabetic and 59 nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. There
      was no difference between the two patient groups in peritonitis occurrence rates
      or in individual patient attack rate. The spectra of etiologic florae were
      comparable, although the nondiabetic group had a greater incidence of
      Staphylcoccus aureus and fungal peritonitis. Presenting symptomatology, ascitic
      fluid characteristics, duration of illness, and sequelae of peritonitis,
      including catheter loss and death, were similar in diabetics and nondiabetics.
      Dialysis peritonitis is manifested by a spectrum of illness ranging from brief
      asymptomatic infection to painful prolonged disease; however, the latter course
      is not more common in diabetics. Further, in diabetics, peritonitis is neither a
      more frequent event, nor inherently a greater risk, than in nondiabetics.

PMID- 6823215
TI  - Evaluation of a course on medical microbiology for non-medical graduate
      scientists from medical microbiological laboratories.
AB  - An assessment of the educational value of a series of courses intended to improve
      the clinical awareness of non-medical graduate microbiologists has been made.
      Objective and subjective data were collected by means of questionnaires, pre- and
      post-course multiple choice tests and informal discussion. The format of the
      courses are described. The increase in cognitive knowledge acquired during three
      of the courses is comparable with results from another study in clinical
      students. The anomalous results from one of the four courses may be explained in
      terms of the composition of that course. The data presented contribute to the
      information required for the evaluation and assessment of educational courses.

PMID- 6823214
TI  - Problem-based learning: rationale and description.

PMID- 6823217
TI  - Running commentary recorded simultaneously to enhance videotape as an aid to
      learning interviewing skills.
AB  - A previously unreported feedback technique, simultaneously recorded running
      commentary, was developed and evaluated. Thirty-two second-year medical students
      were videotaped while interviewing a patient. Each student then reviewed the
      videorecording once with only his own and the patient's voices accompanying the
      visual record, and also once with either the instructor's comments recorded on a
      second channel or with the instructor providing feedback on the performance in an
      interactive way. Visual analogue scales were used to estimate the value of the
      two feedback methods. Both the running commentary and the review-with-instructor
      formats were rated higher than the independent review method, although not
      significantly different from each other. The running commentary technique appears
      to be as effective as the conventional feedback approach and may prove a useful
      alternative when incompatibilities of the instructor's and student's schedules
      make review with the instructor difficult.

PMID- 6823216
TI  - Difficulties in clinical skills evaluation.
AB  - A case-specific method of evaluating clinical skills is presented. The instrument
      is described together with its evaluation based on results from ninety-two
      medical students. The method involves direct observation, by pairs of teachers,
      of student encounters with simulated patients. The purpose of this paper is to
      explore the methodology of assessing clinical competence. Three aspects of this
      are addressed: reliability between teachers acting as observers, and the
      relationship of both observations of process measures and self-assessments with
      the students' understanding of the patient. Three aspects of clinical skills were
      evaluated; interviewing, problem orientation and physical examination. The
      results showed the observers to be highly reliable in observing physical
      examination but to have a wide range of reliability across cases in their
      observations of the other aspects of clinical skill. There was no correlation
      between both teachers' observations and the students' self-assessments with the
      students' understanding of the patient. This is a worrying finding. The
      implications of this study are that evaluation of the process of clinical skills
      is difficult methodologically and, added to which, it is not clear what relevance
      these observations have to clinical competence. Rather than effort being devoted
      to refining instruments to measure the process of clinical skills it would seem
      preferable to devote energy to assessing students' abilities in diagnosis and
      management, at least until we understand what observations of clinical skills are
      measuring.

PMID- 6823218
TI  - An investigation of change in medical students' ethical thinking.

PMID- 6823219
TI  - The assessment of cognitive abilities in clinical medicine.
AB  - A study to test the hypotheses that discrete cognitive abilities necessary to
      clinical practice can be identified and their achievement reliably assessed by
      methods applicable to a large number of students is described. Eight supposedly
      discrete cognitive abilities related to clinical consultation were defined and
      the performance of medical students in them tested by short-answer question
      papers. In addition, knowledge of specific definitions and of therapeutics was
      examined. The study, conducted over one academic year, involved 222 medical
      students--102 in the penultimate, and 120 in the final year of their
      undergraduate course. Marking strictly to a previously agreed schedule was
      undertaken independently by three examiners; and students' performance in
      relation to each ability (and area of knowledge) determined. The findings showed
      intra- and inter-marker reliability to be highly satisfactory; and student
      performance in any one ability to be independent of that in any other. This
      suggests that the cognitive abilities chosen are indeed discrete. The importance
      of cognitive abilities is discussed in relation to education and training in
      clinical medicine.

PMID- 6823221
TI  - Discount for quantity: the production of multiple patient management problems.

PMID- 6823220
TI  - The Community Project: the teaching implications of applied epidemiology.
AB  - The use of the epidemiological method in primary health care (PHC) has become an
      accepted part of the service. The team will utilize community-oriented data in
      order to assess the health needs of the population, perform continued
      surveillance of changes in the health of the people served and for service
      evaluation. This development in health services has to find its counterpart in
      the training programme for the future doctor. This paper describes a 6-year
      experience with a community project carried out in the framework of a clinical
      clerkship in Family and Community Medicine. The students were able to define the
      project, collect the data and analyse it, and frequently see the start of the
      implementation of the recommendations.

PMID- 6823222
TI  - The content of the medical curriculum at McMaster University: graduates'
      evaluation of their preparation for postgraduate training.
AB  - This paper describes McMaster University medical graduates' perceptions of how
      well their medical curriculum prepared them for postgraduate training. The
      graduates view their overall preparation for postgraduate work as sound. These
      perceptions were compared with independent assessments by internship supervisors
      for one graduated class. The graduates suggest their preparation for postgraduate
      work differs somewhat from fellow interns. Graduates reported feeling very well
      prepared compared to fellow postgraduate trainees in independent learning, self
      evaluation and problem solving skills. They also judge their preparation in data
      gathering skills, behavioural science knowledge, ability to deal with social and
      emotional problems of patients, medical record keeping skills, preventive, follow
      up and in-patient care as very good compared to peers. They identified two
      content areas, pharmacology and the basic medical sciences, as requiring more
      attention in the curriculum. These findings are discussed and related to the
      approach to medical education at McMaster University.

PMID- 6823224
TI  - Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 6823223
TI  - Consumer views on the medical curriculum: a retrospective study of Aberdeen
      graduates.
AB  - In a postal follow-up study of five annual cohorts of Aberdeen medical graduates,
      371 respondents (out of 423 approached) gave their views on their undergraduate
      curriculum. Three out of four thought the curriculum had satisfactorily prepared
      them for their choice of career. But when asked about four areas of medical care
      these postgraduates thought that patient management outside hospital, social
      services relevant to medicine, and individual patient problems had been
      inadequately represented. Of the twenty-five curricular subjects on which
      respondents were asked to comment, anatomy and biochemistry were most often rated
      as excessively taught, while general practice was most often stated to be under
      represented. This study raises the question of more active participation by
      experienced consumers of medical education in shaping the content of the
      undergraduate curriculum.

PMID- 6823225
TI  - Oral rehydration solutions.

PMID- 6823227
TI  - Frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in children vaccinated against measles.

PMID- 6823226
TI  - Correlation of human lymphocyte SCE frequency with smoking history.
AB  - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in lymphocytes of 24 active cigarette
      smokers was compared to that of 24 age and sex matched controls and 7 persons who
      had stopped smoking an average of 15.6 years. The results indicated that
      cigarette smoking was associated with a significant elevation (p less than 0.001)
      in the frequency of SCEs observed in otherwise healthy cigarette smokers.
      Furthermore, the increase in SCE level was shown to be dose-related to years of
      exposure when smoking history was measured in cumulative pack-years. The mean SCE
      frequency of the ex-smokers was not significantly different from nonsmoking
      controls.

PMID- 6823228
TI  - The neuroblast of the grasshopper embryo as a new mutagen test system. III.
      Chromosome breakage induced by cyclophosphamide is greater with activation by rat
      hepatocytes than by S12 mix.
AB  - The promutagen cyclophosphamide (CPhos) induces chromosome breaks in neuroblasts
      of the 14-day-old grasshopper embryo (Chortophaga viridifasciata DeGeer,
      Orthoptera: Acrididae) only when activated with S12 mix or freshly isolated
      hepatocytes. After 1-h exposure followed by 3-h recovery, CPhos + hepatocytes
      (from uninduced adult rats) induces about 5 times more acentric fragments and
      induces them at lower doses than does CPhos + S12 mix (from phenobarbital-induced
      rats). Both activation systems contained equivalent amounts of microsomal
      protein. Hepatocytes could be used in suspension immediately after isolation,
      thereby obviating the delay necessitated by allowing for attachment. In the
      absence of CPhos, with or without activators, no chromosome aberrations were
      observed. Without CPhos, hepatocytes are less toxic than is S12 mix, as
      determined by reduction in the number of dividing neuroblasts.

PMID- 6823229
TI  - Meiotic micronuclei induced by adriamycin in male rats.

PMID- 6823230
TI  - Improved sister-chromatid differentiation using paraffin-coated bromodeoxyuridine
      tablets in mice.

PMID- 6823231
TI  - Long-term survival in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6823233
TI  - Sounding Boards. Pitfalls of the teaching nursing home. A case for balanced
      geriatric education.

PMID- 6823232
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 6-1983. Seizures and confusion, with a cerebral ring-enhancing
      lesion.

PMID- 6823234
TI  - Preventing nuclear war: the Secretary of Defense replies to his critics.

PMID- 6823235
TI  - Physicians, nuclear war, and politics.

PMID- 6823236
TI  - Panic attacks and phobias.

PMID- 6823238
TI  - Ethics of the randomized clinical trial.

PMID- 6823237
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6823239
TI  - Clinical apnea and brain-stem neural function in preterm infants.
AB  - We assessed the relation between clinical apnea and brain-stem neuronal function
      in 58 preterm babies. The brain-stem conduction time of the auditory evoked
      response (Wave V-I interval) was longer in babies with apnea than in those
      without it at a similar postconceptional age (at 32 to 33 weeks: mean, 6.16 vs.
      5.35 msec, P less than 0.001; at 34 to 35 weeks: mean, 5.98 vs. 5.33 msec, P less
      than 0.002). The number of apneas per day decreased over a period that was
      similar to the period during which brainstem conduction time decreased. In
      general, apneas ceased when the conduction time decreased to the levels observed
      in babies of a similar age who did not have apnea. Short brain-stem conduction
      times were observed in some infants who had prenatal stress, such as intrauterine
      growth retardation or maternal hypertension. These results suggest that the
      occurrence of apnea in preterm infants is correlated with neural function in the
      brain stem.

PMID- 6823241
TI  - From asylum to community. The threatened disintegration of public psychiatry.
AB  - Before 1950, publicly supported psychiatric services (i.e., those of so-called
      public psychiatry) were provided primarily at state hospitals. Over the past 30
      years public psychiatry has shifted its emphasis away from long-term custodial
      care to outpatient and community-based services. Paradoxically, this broadening
      of focus has become associated with both an expanded use of psychiatric services
      and a threatened decline in clinical standards and treatment goals. Five areas of
      policy confusion and contradiction threaten the stability of public mental-health
      services: the shift in emphasis from public to private services, the issue of
      rehabilitation and reintegration into society versus custodial care, the
      differential treatment of the lower-class patient, the demedicalization of public
      services, and conflict between professionals and blurring of roles within the
      psychiatric profession. These problems reflect public psychiatry's overemphasis
      on social reform and political rather than clinical definitions of treatment, its
      lack of specific treatment and of defined treatment goals, and its inability to
      change psychiatry's (and society's) historical assignment of low status to the
      public patient.

PMID- 6823240
TI  - Epidemiologic study of abuse of analgesics containing phenacetin. Renal morbidity
      and mortality (1968-1979).
AB  - A study group of 623 working women 30 to 49 years old with objective evidence of
      intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics and a matched control group of 621
      women without such intake in 1968 were assessed six times from 1969 to 1978 for
      laboratory evidence of urinary-tract disorders. The two groups did not differ in
      development of bacteriuria, hematuria, or proteinuria. However, a low specific
      gravity of urine (study group vs. control group, 23 vs. 7 per cent) and a raised
      level of serum creatinine (6.7 vs. 0.9 per cent) were significantly more frequent
      in the study group (P less than 0.001). Adjusted analyses of mortality over 11
      years showed significant differences between the groups in overall mortality
      (study group vs. control group, 39 vs. 13 deaths; P less than 0.001), mortality
      due to urinary-tract disorders (P = 0.033), and cardiovascular diseases (P =
      0.008). We conclude that heavy users of analgesic mixtures in the course of a
      decade have a higher incidence of both abnormal kidney function and kidney
      related mortality than do casual users and nonusers, but the absolute incidences
      remain small even among heavy users.

PMID- 6823243
TI  - Maternal bonding in early fetal ultrasound examinations.

PMID- 6823246
TI  - More on enteric infections from colonic irrigation.

PMID- 6823244
TI  - Why not rate health and life insurance premiums by risks?

PMID- 6823245
TI  - Social environment and cancer mortality in men.

PMID- 6823242
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 7-1983. A seven-year old boy with liver disease and hematuria.

PMID- 6823247
TI  - Zomepirac sodium for primary dysmenorrhea syndrome.

PMID- 6823248
TI  - Autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 6823249
TI  - More on tetracycline and ticks.

PMID- 6823250
TI  - Nicotine and carbon monoxide content of cigarette smoke and the risk of
      myocardial infarction in young men.
AB  - To evaluate whether the nicotine and carbon monoxide content of cigarette smoke
      is related to the risk of nonfatal first myocardial infarction in young men, we
      compared 502 cases with 835 hospital controls, all between the ages of 30 and 54
      years. As expected, the estimated risk of myocardial infarction increased with
      the number of cigarettes smoked; overall, the relative-risk estimate for current
      smokers was 2.8 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.0 to 4.0). The risk did not
      appear to vary according to the amount of nicotine or carbon monoxide in the
      cigarette, and the mean amounts of both substances per cigarette were similar for
      the cases and controls. The results suggest that men who smoke the newer
      cigarettes with reduced amounts of nicotine and carbon monoxide do not have a
      lower risk of myocardial infarction than those who smoke cigarettes containing
      larger amounts of these substances.

PMID- 6823251
TI  - Polyspecificity of monoclonal lupus autoantibodies produced by human-human
      hybridomas.
AB  - We studied the serologic properties of monoclonal autoantibodies that were
      produced by hybridomas derived from lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus. The hybridomas were made by fusion of a human lymphoblastoid cell
      line, GM 4672 (derived from a patient with multiple myeloma), with peripheral
      blood or splenic lymphocytes from six patients with lupus. Thirty monoclonal
      autoantibodies, selected for their ability to react with denatured DNA, were
      analyzed. Eighteen of them reacted with three or more additional polynucleotides,
      including native DNA, left-handed double-helical DNA (Z-DNA), poly(l), and
      poly(dT). Ten reacted both with nucleic acids and the phospholipid cardiolipin.
      The multiple binding reactions of the monoclonal autoantibodies may be explained
      by the presence of appropriately spaced phosphodiester groups in both the
      polynucleotides and the phospholipid. The sharing of antigenic groups by polymers
      of different natures may contribute to the apparent diversity of serologic
      reactions in systemic lupus erythematosus. These findings suggest that DNA itself
      need not be the immunogenic stimulus for autoantibody formation in this disease.

PMID- 6823252
TI  - Law-medicine notes. Medical standards and medical ethics in utilization review
      for nursing homes.

PMID- 6823253
TI  - Effects of leukotriene D on the airways in asthma.

PMID- 6823254
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 8-1983. A 51-year-old woman with progressive cranial-nerve
      palsies.

PMID- 6823255
TI  - New distributor of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

PMID- 6823256
TI  - The eicosanoids of asthma.

PMID- 6823257
TI  - Editorial retrospective. Iron loading in thalassemia--five years with the pump.

PMID- 6823258
TI  - More on radiation hazards of video screens.

PMID- 6823260
TI  - Hypocalcemia and congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6823261
TI  - Case 33-1982: acute appendicitis.

PMID- 6823259
TI  - Hemicrania with oculosympathetic paresis from isosorbide dinitrate.

PMID- 6823262
TI  - Diagnosis of coliform infection in acutely dysuric women.

PMID- 6823263
TI  - Travellers' diarrhea.

PMID- 6823264
TI  - Whooping cough in the United States and Britain.

PMID- 6823265
TI  - Preservation of the third heart sound in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6823266
TI  - Subsequent pregnancies among 161 couples treated for T-mycoplasma genital-tract
      infection.

PMID- 6823267
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome induced by testosterone administration.

PMID- 6823268
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 9-1983. A 60-year-old man with rapidly progressive dyspnea.

PMID- 6823270
TI  - Smoking as a risk factor for influenza.

PMID- 6823269
TI  - Editorial retrospective. Erythropoietin and the regulation of erythropoiesis.

PMID- 6823271
TI  - Lanoxicaps--are they really worth it?

PMID- 6823274
TI  - Vidarabine for herpes zoster.

PMID- 6823273
TI  - Fatal staphylococcal endocarditis acquired in a hemodialysis unit.

PMID- 6823275
TI  - Improved survival of iron-deficient patients with sickle erythrocytes.

PMID- 6823276
TI  - Phenobarbital and metabolism of metronidazole.

PMID- 6823272
TI  - Treatment for "mild" hypertension.

PMID- 6823277
TI  - Taste--the unnecessary sense?

PMID- 6823278
TI  - Nursing-home care in the United States.

PMID- 6823282
TI  - Proprietary rights to cell lines. Roche pays up.

PMID- 6823281
TI  - Oncogenes cause cancer institute to change tack.

PMID- 6823280
TI  - Mitochondrial codes and evolution.

PMID- 6823283
TI  - Developmental stability and enzyme heterozygosity in rainbow trout.
AB  - The developmental pathways of organisms are genetically adjusted to produce the
      characteristic morphology of the species regardless of variations in internal and
      external conditions during development. This 'developmental buffering', however,
      is not always precise. Bilateral characters of an organism are often asymmetric,
      that is, different in size, shape or number. Fluctuating asymmetry occurs when
      the difference between a character on the left and right sides of individuals is
      normally distributed about a mean of zero. This type of asymmetry results from
      the inability of an organism to develop precisely along determined paths and can
      be used as a measure of developmental stability. Increased developmental
      stability would be reflected by reduced amounts of fluctuating asymmetry. We have
      now examined the relationship between the amount of fluctuating asymmetry for
      five bilateral characters and heterozygosity at 13 polymorphic loci in a
      population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Our results indicate a significant
      negative correlation between the proportion of heterozygous loci and the
      proportion of asymmetric characters. These data provide evidence that individuals
      with greater heterozygosity within a population have increased developmental
      stability.

PMID- 6823284
TI  - Magnetic bones in human sinuses.
AB  - Studies on the interaction of magnetic fields and biological organisms have
      centred on the influence of applied magnetic fields on the physiology and
      behaviour of organisms, including humans, and a search for magnetic sources
      within the organisms themselves. Evidence continues to accumulate that a wide
      range of organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates, can detect and orient to
      ambient magnetic fields (for examples see refs 2-4). Since the discovery that
      magnetic orientation by bacteria was due to the presence within the organism of
      magnetic particles of the ferric/ferrous oxide, magnetite, the search has begun
      for other biogenic deposits of inorganic magnetic material and ways in which the
      possession of such material might confer on the organism the ability to orient to
      ambient magnetic fields. Such magnetic material, often identified as magnetite,
      has been discovered in bees, homing pigeons, dolphins and various other
      organisms, including man. A variety of hypotheses for the use of magnetite in
      magnetic field detection have been proposed. We report here that bones from the
      region of the sphenoid/ethmoid sinus complex of humans are magnetic and contain
      deposits of ferric iron. The possible derivations and functions of these deposits
      are discussed.

PMID- 6823279
TI  - The British medical scene since 1980.

PMID- 6823285
TI  - Cattle breeding. Techniques for sexing embryos now possible.

PMID- 6823286
TI  - Medical research. Mandatory ethics recommendations.

PMID- 6823288
TI  - Control of antibody production.

PMID- 6823287
TI  - Still more about oncogenes.

PMID- 6823289
TI  - Two-dimensional crystallization technique for imaging macromolecules, with
      application to antigen--antibody--complement complexes.
AB  - Two-dimensional crystals are formed from macromolecules bound on the surface of a
      lipid monolayer. A ligand linked to the lipid orientates the binding, and lateral
      diffusion of the lipids facilitates crystallization. The crystals are suitable
      for structural analysis by image processing of electron micrographs. An example
      is the formation of ordered arrays of antibodies on a monolayer of a lipid
      hapten, and subsequent decoration of these arrays with the first component of
      complement. Image processing indicates the arrangement of antibodies and the site
      of complement binding. This approach should be widely applicable to molecular
      complexes, such as those in replication, protein synthesis, hormone-receptor
      interaction and metabolic processes.

PMID- 6823290
TI  - Order in the initial retinotectal map in Xenopus: a new technique for labelling
      growing nerve fibres.
AB  - Retinal nerve fibres form an orderly map of visual space in several centres in
      the vertebrate brain. Such topographic maps are a common feature of central
      nervous system organization, yet the way in which they develop is poorly
      understood. Early nerve projections in the fetal and neonatal mammalian brain
      have been found in several cases to be less restricted than those in the adult,
      suggesting that nerve fibres may initially form a diffuse set of connections in
      their target structure from which the adult map is sculpted by the elimination of
      terminals. Indeed, previous electrophysiological data indicate that the
      retinotectal map in Xenopus laevis might be initially disorganized. We report
      here, however, that the retinotectal projection is ordered from the beginning of
      tectal innervation (stage 39/40). We demonstrate this first autoradiographically
      by tracing groups of growing ganglion cell axons which we labelled by incubating
      sectors of eye rudiments, before axonal outgrowth, in 3H-proline and replacing
      them orthotopically. Separate labelling of dorsal and ventral parts of the
      initial projection showed that retinal fibres are organized topographically, as
      in the adult, in the tectal rudiment and throughout much of the pathway. Second,
      we show that visual responses are ordered in the tectum from the first stage that
      they can be mapped (stage 40). We conclude that the topographic ordering of
      retinotectal connections develops as a result of directed axonal outgrowth.

PMID- 6823291
TI  - A new source of embryonic lymphocytes in the mouse.
AB  - The source of stem cells within the early mammalian embryo has not been
      identified. The yolk sac, once thought to provide the early stem cells in birds,
      is now seen more as a primitive effector organ capable of allorecognition,
      natural cytotoxic reactions and elaboration of cytokines. In lower vertebrates
      the source appears to be within a region delineated by the anterior limbs,
      foregut and mesonephros. That region defines the boundaries of the developing
      omentum, a fold in the peritoneum. As the omentum is known to develop lymphoid
      cells postnatally we have now examined the omental rudiment for the presence of
      lymphoid cell precursors. Our experiments provide evidence that the presumptive
      omentum of the 13-day mouse embryo is capable of histiotypic differentiation into
      a reticular organ containing a significant number of Thy 1+ lymphocytes, which
      suggests that the omentum may represent a new primary lymphoid organ in the
      mouse.

PMID- 6823292
TI  - X rays may be twice as potent as gamma rays for malignant transformation at low
      doses.
AB  - The introduction in the 1950s of 60Co teletherapy units and megavoltage X-ray
      accelerators for radiotherapy prompted several studies which showed that the
      relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of orthovoltage X rays, compared with
      60Co gamma rays, was approximately 1.1-1.2 (refs 1, 2). Subsequently, radiation
      therapists confirmed that the effect of established treatment protocols using
      orthovoltage X rays could be duplicated with the higher energy radiation by
      increasing the dose by approximately 10%, when radiation doses are of the order
      of tens of grays (or thousands of rads). The dependence of biological
      effectiveness on photon energy led to recommendations in which the quality
      factor, Q, which is an RBE for radiation protection purposes, was set at unity
      for X and gamma rays as well as for electrons or other directly ionizing
      particles having a linear energy transfer (LET) of less than 3.5 ke V microns-1.
      Over the past decade, however, several studies have shown differences in RBE
      between various low-LET radiations having LET values within the range designated
      for standard radiation. Underbrink et al. found an RBE for orthovoltage X rays
      relative to 60Co gamma rays of approximately 2 at 0.04 Gy, for induction of pink
      mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia. Schmidt et al. scored chromosome
      aberrations in human lymphocytes, and at 0.25 Gy found the RBE of 200-k Vp X rays
      relative to 3-MeV electrons to be also approximately 2. Here we have compared
      60Co gamma rays and orthovoltage X rays over the dose range 0.03-1.5 Gy using
      malignant transformation in mammalian cells in vitro as an end point. Our
      findings indicate that whereas the transformation incidence seems similar for X
      and gamma rays at high doses, the malignant potential of X rays is about twice
      that of gamma rays at 0.03 Gy.

PMID- 6823293
TI  - Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human cloned natural killer cell
      lines.
AB  - Extensive efforts have recently been made to characterize cells capable of
      mediating natural killing activity (see ref. 1 for review) and increasing
      evidence has arisen that these cells were heterogeneous. By using the methods we
      have recently developed for cloning natural killer (NK) cells derived from
      peripheral blood, we have analysed the heterogeneity of human NK cells. Seven
      cell lines showing NK activity were established and studied for 4 months. Their
      phenotype was determined with a series of monoclonal antibodies; anti-T1, -T3, 
      T4, -T8, -T11, -T12, Mo1 and each cell line appeared to have a unique phenotype.
      Moreover, whereas some of these lines could only kill K562 cells, the standard
      assay of NK activity, others displayed a broad but distinct spectrum of
      reactivity against a variety of human tumour and viral transformed cell lines.
      Taken together, these results demonstrate the phenotypic and functional
      heterogeneity of NK effector cells which has recently been suggested in both
      human and murine systems.

PMID- 6823294
TI  - Covalently closed circles of adenovirus 5 DNA.
AB  - The genome of adenoviruses is a double-stranded linear DNA molecule with inverted
      terminal repeats about 100 base pairs (bp) in length and a terminal protein
      covalently linked to the 5' nucleotide of each strand. Both of these features
      permit the formation of DNA circles, the inverted repeats allowing the
      circularization of single-stranded DNA and the terminal protein the joining of
      one or more molecules to yield double-stranded circles or concatemers. However,
      although the existence of covalently closed circles has been postulated, double
      stranded viral DNA purified from virions or infected cells by conventional
      methods (that is, using proteases and phenol or chloroform) has always been
      obtained in a linear form. Here, we present evidence for the existence in
      adenovirus 5 (Ad5) infected cells of novel structures resulting from covalent
      head-to-tail joining of viral DNA molecules and show that these structures are
      due at least in part to the formation of covalently closed circles.

PMID- 6823295
TI  - Identity of different mutations for deleterious genes.

PMID- 6823296
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and a dual aetiology for Spanish oil syndrome.

PMID- 6823297
TI  - US cancer research. NCI "mismanagement" causes unrest at Frederick.

PMID- 6823299
TI  - Open government in research.

PMID- 6823300
TI  - Molecular technology. Designing proteins and peptides.

PMID- 6823298
TI  - Blood-typing reagents. Monoclonal product on UK market.

PMID- 6823301
TI  - Role of fimbrin and villin in determining the interfilament distances of actin
      bundles.

PMID- 6823302
TI  - U cells contain contaminants.

PMID- 6823303
TI  - Human oncogene locations and chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 6823304
TI  - Salting of food--a function of hole size and location of shakers.
AB  - The establishment of an association between hypertension and the level of sodium
      in the diet has focused interest in many countries on the amount of salt added to
      food, with estimates of intake in western countries being in the range 6-14 g per
      person per day. As a result, many health authorities have advocated a decrease in
      salt consumption by the population in general, a common suggestion for achieving
      a meaningful reduction being to limit the amount of salt used at the table. It is
      generally assumed that salting habits are influenced by taste preference as
      shaped by socio-cultural determinants. However, from our observations of the rate
      of discretionary salt usage of over 1,900 people (mainly adults) consuming main
      meals in public institutions in Sydney, Australia, were suggest that salting is
      strongly influenced by the physical factor of mode of presentation of salt to the
      consumer, particularly the hole size of the salt shaker, and is not influenced by
      demographic variables.

PMID- 6823305
TI  - Origin of the receptor potential in inner hair cells of the mammalian cochlea-
      evidence for Davis' theory.
AB  - The primary sensory hair cells of the mammalian cochlea are located in the organ
      of Corti, a sensory epithelium which separates fluids of widely differing
      chemical composition. The apical, sensory surfaces of the hair cells are exposed
      to the potassium-rich endolymph of the scala media and their lateral and ventral
      surfaces are exposed to the perilymph of the scala tympani whose chemical
      composition resembles that of other extracellular fluids. The high potassium
      concentration of the endolymph (150 mM) is believed to result from the activity
      of electrogenic potassium pumps located in the stria vascularis which lines the
      lateral walls of the cochlea. These pumps are also the source of the positive
      endocochlear potential of about +80 mV which can be recorded from the scala
      media. When the ear is stimulated with sound, receptor potentials may be recorded
      extracellularly from the fluid-filled spaces of the cochlea, and intracellularly
      from the rows of inner and outer hair cells. According to the 'resistance
      microphone' theory of Davis, these receptor potentials are derived from the pre
      existing polarization of the hair cells by a change in the ohmic resistance of
      the mechanosensitive portion of the cell membrane (Fig. 1). This procedure
      potential changes in the scala tympani and scala media of opposite phase, thus
      giving rise to the cochlear microphonic (CM). Evidence is presented here to
      support this theory. When sufficient depolarizing current is injected into inner
      hair cells to cancel the polarizing voltage, the receptor potentials disappear,
      and their phase is reversed when the polarizing voltage across the apical
      membranes of the hair cells is reversed.

PMID- 6823306
TI  - Abnormal visual input leads to development of abnormal axon trajectories in
      frogs.
AB  - Throughout the normal vertebrate brain, visual maps form the left and right eyes
      overlap and are in register with one another. Visual input has a major role in
      the development of the pathways which mediate these binocular projections. A
      dramatic example of the developmental role of sensory input occurs in the isthmo
      tectal projection, which is part of the polysynaptic relay from the eye to the
      ipsilateral tectum of the frog, Xenopus laevis. If one eye is rotated when the
      animal is still a tadpole, the isthmic axons respond by changing the topography
      of their terminations in the tectum; for example, a given isthmo-tectal axon
      which normally would connect with medial tectum can be induced to terminate in
      lateral tectum. Such rearrangements bring the ipsilateral visual map into
      register with the contralateral retinotectal map, even though one eye has been
      rotated. Indirect evidence has suggested that after early eye rotation, isthmo
      tectal axons do not grow directly to their new tectal targets but instead reach
      those targets by routes which pass through their normal termination zones. Here I
      have used anterograde horseradish peroxidase labelling of isthmo-tectal fibres to
      show the trajectories of such axons and to compare them with the routes which
      axons take when allowed to develop normally. Tracings of individual axons in flat
      mounted, unsectioned tecta show that most axons in normal Xenopus follow fairly
      straight paths in the tectum. In contrast, early eye rotation causes many isthmo
      tectal axons to follow crooked, circuitous pathways before they terminate.

PMID- 6823307
TI  - Dopamine modulates cholecystokinin release in neostriatum.
AB  - Peptides of the cholecystokinin family, but mainly the sulphated octapeptide
      (CCK8), have been found in brain extracts of several species. High amounts are
      present in axons and nerve endings in the rat neostriatum (caudate-putamen) and a
      role for cholecystokinin as a neurotransmitter in this functionally important
      area is possible. We have incubated slices of rat caudate-putamen (CP) to study
      the release of cholecystokinin-immunoreactivity (CCK-IR) in vitro. The release of
      CCK-IR was induced by veratridine. It was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in
      the incubation medium and was blocked by tetrodotoxin. We now present evidence
      that dopaminergic agonists added to the slices modulate the veratridine-induced
      release via different groups of receptors. Receptors which mediate an enhancement
      of the release of CCK-IR seem to be located on afferent axons and nerve endings
      and are possibly of the D-2 subtype. Receptors which mediate an attenuation of
      the release are probably situated on cells intrinsic to the CP. These receptors
      seem to be coupled to adenylate cyclase and might thus be of the D-1 subtype.
      There is also evidence that endogenous dopamine when released enhances the
      secretion of CCK-IR.

PMID- 6823308
TI  - Use of iron- or selenium-coupled monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens
      as a positive selection system for cells.
AB  - A system which confers selective growth advantage to cells expressing particular
      surface proteins would be extremely desirable, for such a technique would allow
      the study of receptors using somatic cell genetic techniques such as DNA-mediated
      cell transformation and selection of over-producing cell variants. Polypeptides
      bound to surface receptor, and antibodies bound to surface antigens generally are
      taken up efficiently by cells by endocytotic mechanisms. Several investigators
      have accordingly developed useful techniques for selection against cells
      expressing surface receptors and antigens, using hormones and antibodies
      conjugated to toxins. We reasoned that conjugation of nutrients to antibodies or
      hormones conversely might permit a positive selective pressure to be applied in
      appropriately constituted medium. We report here that monoclonal antibodies to
      cell-surface antigens will indeed deliver nutritional iron and selenium to
      cultured cells in an antigen-specific manner.

PMID- 6823309
TI  - Oncogenes, reductionism and all that.

PMID- 6823310
TI  - Mitochondrial genes in the nucleus.

PMID- 6823311
TI  - How the elephant got its trunk.

PMID- 6823313
TI  - One part of the puzzle.

PMID- 6823312
TI  - Switching off blocks of genes.

PMID- 6823314
TI  - Expression of complete transplantation antigens by mammalian cells transformed
      with truncated class I genes.
AB  - Mouse L cells transformed with the cloned class I genes of the major
      histocompatibility complex of the mouse express transplantation antigens with
      serological determinants of the donor haplotype. However, transformation with the
      truncated subclones of a BALB/c H-2Ld gene containing the exons encoding the
      external domains also leads to the production of cells which express complete
      cell-surface molecules. Moreover, full-length products of the foreign haplotype,
      as judged by serological and biochemical criteria, are generated independently of
      the use of carrier DNA in transformation. However, the frequency of productive
      transformation is substantially less than that obtained with a complete gene. The
      most plausible explanation for these phenomena involves homologous recombination
      between host chromosomal and donor class I sequences.

PMID- 6823315
TI  - Extrachromosomal circular copies of an 'inter-Alu' unstable sequence in human DNA
      are amplified during in vitro and in vivo ageing.

PMID- 6823317
TI  - TOr1 is a novel, variant form of mouse chromosome 17 with a deletion in a partial
      t haplotype.
AB  - Moutier discovered, in a mouse from a noninbred Swiss/Orleans laboratory stock, a
      spontaneous dominant mutation which mapped to the T locus, and which was named
      TOr1. Genetic analyses indicated that TOr1 was not a simple mutation at one
      locus, but rather a deletion over a 3-centimorgan region of chromosome 17 that
      included both T and quaking (qk). Further experiments reported by Erickson et
      al., and a more comprehensive study by Hammerberg, have demonstrated that TOr1 is
      associated with recessive genetic properties affecting sperm function,
      characteristic of the proximal region of complete t haplotypes. These results
      were interpreted as evidence for the location of proximal t haplotype 'sperm
      factors' within the region deleted by TOr1. We now provide conclusive biochemical
      and genetic evidence that the 'TOr1 haplotype' is inseparably associated with a
      chromosomal region derived from a naturally occurring mouse t haplotype. Hence,
      it is likely that the t haplotype properties of TOr1 are a consequence not of the
      deletion itself, but of closely linked mutant t haplotype genes.

PMID- 6823316
TI  - Chloride impermeability in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal genetic disease affecting caucasians and
      is perhaps best characterized as an exocrinopathy involving a disturbance in
      fluid and electrolyte transport. A high NaCl concentration in the sweat is
      characteristic of patients with this disease; the basic physiological reason for
      this abnormality is unknown. We have microperfused isolated sweat ducts from
      control subjects and cystic fibrosis patients, and report here results which
      suggest that abnormally low Cl- permeability in cystic fibrosis leads to poor
      reabsorption of NaCl in the sweat duct, and hence to a high concentration of NaCl
      in the sweat.

PMID- 6823320
TI  - Recruitment of cytosolic proteins to a secretory granule membrane depends on Ca2+
      calmodulin.
AB  - An increase in free calcium triggers catecholamine secretion from chromaffin
      cells and calmodulin is strongly implicated as the intracellular Ca2+ receptor.
      In our recent studies of calmodulin action in the chromaffin cell, micromolar
      Ca2+ concentrations resulted in calmodulin and cytosolic proteins becoming bound
      to the chromaffin granule membranes. We now report that calmodulin is bound with
      high affinity to granule membrane proteins of molecular weights (Mrs) 25,000 and
      22,000 (25K and 22K) at low Ca2+ (less than 10(-8) M) and to proteins with Mrs
      69K and 50K at high Ca2+ (greater than 1 microM). Other cytosolic components (Mrs
      70K, 36K, 34K and 32K) require calmodulin for their interfraction with membrane.
      These proteins separately bound to calmodulin-Sepharose at high Ca2+
      concentrations. Although the functions of these adrenal proteins have not been
      established, the 34K and 32K Mr components co-migrate with clathrin light chains
      isolated from medullary coated vesicles and the Mr 34K components from both
      sources share the same one-dimensional peptide map. These interactions were
      observed at micromolar Ca2+ levels at 'intracellular' conditions of pH and ionic
      strength and would be expected to occur during secretion from the chromaffin
      cell.

PMID- 6823318
TI  - Identity of some human bladder cancer cell lines.
AB  - Recent reports on transfection of mouse cells with DNA from the established human
      urinary bladder cancer cell lines T24, J82 and EJ (MGH-U1), and the presence of
      an identical genetic modification in T24 and EJ cells have led us to examine the
      identity of these and other cultures of urothelial origin. By the criteria of HLA
      A-B-C typing 7 and isozyme analysis, we conclude that EJ (MGH-U1) and some
      cultures of J82 are in fact T24 cells. However, five other bladder cancer cell
      lines, J82 (CO'T), RT4, RT112, TCCSuP and SCaBER, are clearly distinct from T24
      by HLA typing (ref. 7) and/or isozyme patterns.

PMID- 6823319
TI  - Enkephalin reduces quantal content at the frog neuromuscular junction.
AB  - Opiate peptides, particularly Met-enkephalin, have been shown to block or reduce
      Ca2+-dependent events in a variety of neurones. Our own observations on the
      effect of enkephalin on developing Rohon-Beard neurones in Xenopus spinal cord
      suggested that enkephalin might interact directly with Ca2+ channels in
      vertebrate neurones. This possibility prompted us to look for an effect of
      enkephalin on another population of neuronal Ca2+ channels--those in the
      presynaptic terminals at the frog neuromuscular junction. We were encouraged to
      try this preparation by an early report that morphine, in rather high
      concentrations, reduced the amount of acetylcholine (ACh) released from frog
      muscle by nerve stimulation. Our present results indicate that Met-enkephalin
      reversibly and specifically reduces the quantal content of transmitter release
      from nerve terminals in the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle, probably by means of
      an effect on inward Ca2+ current.

PMID- 6823322
TI  - Thalassemia.

PMID- 6823321
TI  - Tissue-specific expression of a cloned chick delta-crystallin gene in mouse
      cells.
AB  - Crystallins are a group of soluble proteins specific to vertebrate lenses, and
      have been used successfully as molecular markers for studying lens
      differentiation. The synthesis and accumulation of delta-crystallin in the
      differentiating lens cells of chick, in particular, have been extensively studied
      (for review see refs 1-3). Recently, we have cloned a continuous stretch of a
      chick delta-crystallin gene which is specifically expressed in lens cells. We
      have injected this gene into nuclei of various mouse somatic cells. delta
      Crystallin is totally absent from mammalian lenses in which it is replaced by
      gamma-crystallin, thus this xenogeneic injection system should allow us to study
      tissue-specific gene expression. We report here experiments which demonstrate
      that (1) the cloned delta-crystallin gene of chick is expressed in the mouse lens
      epithelial cells as efficiently as in the homologous chick cells; (2) delta
      crystallin synthesized in the mouse lens epithelium has the native molecular
      weight, indicating correct splicing of the gene transcripts; (3) the expression
      is inefficient in the non-lens tissues examined, suggesting lens-specific
      expression of the delta-crystallin gene in the xenogenic environment. To our
      knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a cloned gene shows preferential
      expression in homologous cell types of different species.

PMID- 6823323
TI  - Transcription of c-myc.

PMID- 6823324
TI  - Binaural maps in the brain.

PMID- 6823325
TI  - Reproductive success of eagles and organochlorine insecticides.

PMID- 6823326
TI  - Very short repeats and coordinate induction of genes.

PMID- 6823327
TI  - Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II binds to nucleosome cores from transcribed genes.
AB  - Purified RNA polymerase II from calf thymus can bind to about 15% of the
      nucleosome core particles prepared from mouse myeloma cells, forming a discrete
      complex having a sedimentation coefficient of 18S. These bound nucleosome cores
      are heavily enriched in transcribed DNA sequences, are deficient in histones H2A
      and H2B, and undergo a reversible change in structure on RNA polymerase II
      binding.

PMID- 6823328
TI  - New Palaeogene primate basicrania and the definition of the order Primates.
AB  - The anatomy of the posterior basicranium has been repeatedly invoked in
      systematic definitions of Primates. One widely cited definition of the order
      claims that 'all undoubted primates' are distinguished from other mammals by two
      basicranial specializations: (1) absence of a major vascular foramen on the
      medial side of the auditory region, and (2) development of the auditory bulla
      from the petrosal bone. As we show here, specialization (1) does not apply to the
      paromomyid Ignacius, and is of uncertain incidence in other unquestioned members
      of suborder Plesiadapiformes (archaic primates from the early Cenozoic of Europe
      and North America). Specialization (2) cannot be demonstrated without ontogenetic
      evidence, and all relevant plesiadapiform fossils are adult. In fact, the only
      plesiadapiform with an arterial pattern remotely resembling that of early
      primates of modern aspect (or 'euprimates') is the microsyopid Cynodontomys, but
      it is often regarded as non-primate because it lacks a petrosal bulla. Although
      plesiadapiforms resemble euprimates in traits of the cheek teeth and postcranium,
      some other (presumably non-primate) groups possess these traits as well. Since
      the order Primates is not clearly definable by unique specializations, the best
      grounds for regarding plesiadapiforms as euprimate antecedents are stratigraphic
      and phenetic. This fact may be best expressed by systematic arrangements that
      emphasize adaptive grades rather than unsubstantiated clades.

PMID- 6823329
TI  - Interocular transfer in cats with early callosal transection.
AB  - The visual system is capable of reorganization following experimental
      interventions, provided that these are carried out before the 'critical period'
      early in life. Direct evidence suggests that this plasticity may also apply to
      the commissural system. In the present experiment, we sectioned the posterior two
      thirds of the corpus callosum in kittens either before this structure attained
      maturity, as defined by various anatomical and physiological parameters, or after
      callosal maturation but before the end of the critical period for most other
      visual functions. As adult, further transection of the optic chiasma was carried
      out and these animals were then compared with adult split-brain cats for their
      ability to transfer monocularly learned pattern discriminations from one
      hemisphere to the other. Our results indicate that only the first group of
      animals with the earlier callosal transection demonstrated significant
      interhemispheric transfer. This suggests that the secondary commissural system is
      subject to at least some degree of functional plasticity. However, its critical
      period is very brief and possibly pre-dates the optimal activation of the
      callosal pathway.

PMID- 6823330
TI  - Seizure-related brain damage induced by cholinergic agents.
AB  - Distinctive acute brain damage involving limbic and related brain regions
      develops in adult rats following sustained limbic seizures induced by systemic
      administration of kainic acid or dipiperidinoethane (DPE) or by intra-amygdaloid
      injection of kainic acid or folic acid. This seizure-brain damage (S-BD) syndrome
      is of particular interest because it tends to parallel the type of seizures and
      brain damage seen in human temporal lobe epilepsy. We have observed that DPE
      induces the S-BD syndrome by systemic but not intra-mygdaloid injection, whereas
      an oxidized DPE derivative which structurally resembles the cholinergic agonist
      oxotremorine is effective when injected into the amygdala. Prompted by this
      finding, we injected known acetylcholine (ACh) agonists and cholinesterase (ChE)
      inhibitors into the rat amygdala and found that either class of agent reproduces
      this type of S-BD syndrome. These and related findings suggest that ACh
      mechanisms might have a more important role in human epilepsy and epileptic brain
      damage than has generally been appreciated.

PMID- 6823331
TI  - Ca2+ ions can affect intracellular pH in mammalian cardiac muscle.
AB  - Although intracellular pH (pHi) has important effects on both the mechanical and
      electrical properties of cardiac muscle, the control of pHi in the heart is still
      poorly understood. One important determinant of pHi appears to be the
      transmembrane Na+ gradient. It has therefore been suggested that Na+-H+ exchange
      assists in the control of pHi in heart as has been proposed for other excitable
      cells. However, pHi and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are
      interdependent in a variety of tissues and it has been shown recently that pHi
      can affect [Ca2+]i in cardiac muscle. As [Ca2+]i in cardiac muscle is also
      strongly influenced by the transmembrane Na+ gradient it is possible that the
      apparent Na+-dependence of pHi is secondary to changes in [Ca2+]i. Previous work
      in cardiac muscle has not been able to separate the effects of Na+-H+ exchange
      and [Ca2+]i on pHi (refs 4,5). Here we demonstrate in cardiac muscle that an
      increase in [Ca2+]i produces an intracellular acidification which cannot be
      ascribed to Na+-H+ exchange.

PMID- 6823332
TI  - A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse.
AB  - The most debilitating human lymphoid deficiency disease, known as severe combined
      immunodeficiency (SCID), impairs the differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes.
      Affected infants are highly susceptible to recurring infections of viruses, fungi
      and bacteria and invariably die within 2 yr of birth. Inheritance of this
      congenital syndrome may show X-linked or autosomal recessive control. To date
      autosomal recessive inheritance of SCID has been observed in Arabian foals which
      represent the only known animal model of this disease syndrome but here we report
      an autosomal recessive mutation in mice that severely impairs lymphopoiesis. Mice
      homozygous for this mutation have few if any lymphocytes; consequently they are
      hypogammaglobulinaemic and deficient for immune functions mediated by T and B
      lymphocytes. These mice, therefore, represent a new model for investigating how
      lymphoid differentiation may be impaired in the disease state and regulated in
      the normal state.

PMID- 6823333
TI  - Abnormal mRNA for argininosuccinate synthetase in citrullinaemia.
AB  - Citrullinaemia is a human inborn error of metabolism resulting from the
      deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase. In a previous study of cultured skin
      fibroblasts from citrullinaemia patients, we showed that the presumed defects in
      DNA were not detectable by Southern blotting analysis, and that only 2 of 11 cell
      lines contained detectable enzyme antigen. All citrullinaemia cell lines
      contained hybridizable mRNA but slight size heterogeneity was noted. Here we
      report the extension of the analysis of the RNA using S1 nuclease mapping
      techniques. Among six cell lines examined, five showed an abnormality of mRNA
      detectable by S1 nuclease analysis. The data indicate that a minimum of three out
      of five non-consanguineous patients represent compound heterozygotes. The S1
      nuclease detectable defects may represent deletions or rearrangements in the
      genomic DNA, or more probably represent examples of abnormal RNA splicing. The
      approach used here is useful for molecular analysis of genetic defects, for
      prenatal diagnosis, and for study of genetic variation.

PMID- 6823334
TI  - Conformational transitions in oriented fibres of the synthetic polynucleotide
      poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)] double helix.
AB  - The synthetic polynucleotide poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)] is of interest in studies of
      the relationship between nucleic acid structure and function. In particular, A +
      T-rich regions in DNA double helices have been invoked as centres for controlling
      the transcription of genetic information. Here we describe conditions for
      observing by X-ray fibre diffraction the A, B, C and D conformations of Na
      poly[d(AT)].poly[d(AT)], and for inducing transitions between these
      conformations. The D form emerges as a particularly stable conformation; once
      assumed, it persists over a wide range of variation in the relative humidity of
      the fibre environment. Further, while transitions between the B and D
      conformations are readily reversible, transitions between A and D are much more
      complex.

PMID- 6823335
TI  - Prediction of super-secondary structure in proteins.
AB  - Various methods for the prediction of secondary structure from amino acid
      sequence can consistently achieve on average 60% accuracy when tested for several
      proteins. Improvement on this value has proved difficult, despite increasing the
      size of the data set and refining predictive techniques. The difficulty almost
      certainly derives from the influence of long-range interactions and the
      restrictions required to attain favourable protein topologies. We describe here a
      novel approach to structure prediction from amino acid sequence based on the
      recognition of super-secondary structure. The structure we initially consider is
      the beta alpha beta unit, which consists of two parallel beta-strands connected
      by an alpha-helix. From an analysis of all known beta alpha beta units, an ideal
      secondary structure sequence was derived. This was used as a template to locate
      probable beta alpha beta sequences in a standard secondary structure prediction.
      The method correctly predicted the location of 70% of the beta alpha beta units
      in 16 beta/alpha type proteins. This led to a 7.5% average improvement over the
      original secondary structure prediction.

PMID- 6823336
TI  - [A controlled-case study on risk factors in tumors of the oral cavity.
      Perspectives and indications for early diagnosis].
AB  - The literature on carcinomas of the oral cavity shows general agreement that
      alcohol and smoking are risk factors. Only a few authors blame poor hygiene. The
      retrospective survey conducted in Genoa aimed to evaluate the relative importance
      of these risk factors, by means of a case-controlled study linking a specific
      risk factor to a specific condition. 98 histologically confirmed cases were
      hospitalised in 1979-80. A similar survey was conducted on a control group.
      Smoking and alcohol, often both together, were found to be the most significant
      aetiopathogenetic risk factors in the oncological pathology of the oral cavity.

PMID- 6823337
TI  - [Mono- or polytherapy in the treatment of epileptic patients].

PMID- 6823338
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 13) Cefroxadine].

PMID- 6823339
TI  - Correlation of decrease in perinatal mortality and increase in cesarean section
      rates.
AB  - During what has proved to be a critical period in the practice of modern
      obstetrics, 1965 to 1980, when cesarean birth rates increased dramatically in
      centers across the United States from less than 5 to more than 15%, the number of
      infants born in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, was 108,987. Although
      the incidence of cesarean section remained virtually unchanged at 4.2, 4.2, 4.2,
      and 4.8% in 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively, perinatal mortality
      continued to fall from 42.1 to 36.5, 24.0, and 16.8 per 1000 infants born at 500
      g or more. These results do not support the contention that the expansion in
      cesarean birth rates has contributed significantly to reduced perinatal mortality
      in recent years. Consideration of indications shows that the threefold difference
      in cesarean birth rate which now exists between Dublin and similar centers across
      the United States can be accounted for almost entirely by a different approach to
      management of labor in nulliparous women, compounded by rigid adherence to
      precept "once a section, always a section.

PMID- 6823340
TI  - Double uterus with a pregnancy in each half.
AB  - A case of twin pregnancy with a fetus in each horn of a uterus didelphys is
      reported. During labor that resulted in the term birth of 1 fetus, contractions
      occurred temporarily in the other horn and subsided 2 hours after delivery.

PMID- 6823341
TI  - Effective bromocriptine treatment of a pituitary macroadenoma during pregnancy.
AB  - A 32-year-old woman with 5 years of oligomenorrhea and 2 years of amenorrhea
      became pregnant after ovulation induced by clomiphene citrate, human menopausal
      gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. Although there were no neurologic
      or ophthalmologic symptoms before pregnancy, ptosis and diplopia developed
      progressively from 14 weeks' gestation. Physical, radiologic, and laboratory
      examinations revealed hyperprolactinemia with pituitary macroadenoma. In an
      attempt to delay surgery, 7.5 mg bromocriptine was administered daily. The serum
      prolactin level was lowered and clinical symptoms improved with bromocriptine
      treatment. The pregnancy continued uneventfully and normal twins were born at 39
      weeks' gestation. Two weeks after delivery, a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was
      performed.

PMID- 6823342
TI  - Transition of benign vaginal adenosis to clear cell carcinoma.
AB  - The transition from benign adenosis to clear cell carcinoma of the vagina has not
      been established beyond doubt. The history of a patient regularly followed in a
      diethystilbestrol (DES) clinic shows initial benign adenosis with normal cytology
      and subsequent development of abnormal cytology and clear cell adenocarcinoma.
      The authors suspect transition from benign epithelium to malignancy; however,
      detailed serial histologic study failed to show clear transition. Frequent and
      thorough examination of DES patients is needed if malignant change is to be
      diagnosed early.

PMID- 6823343
TI  - Psammoma bodies in the cervicovaginal smear in association with a papillary tumor
      of the peritoneum.
AB  - Psammoma bodies and abnormal cells were identified in the cervicovaginal smear of
      a 27-year-old woman. This rare finding aided in the diagnosis of papillary tumor
      of the peritoneal cavity in this asymptomatic patient. These findings stress the
      importance of recognizing that psammoma bodies do appear exclusively in
      adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Their presence should alert the observer to the
      possibility of a benign, reactive, or malignant process in the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 6823344
TI  - The relation between fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal movements.
AB  - Fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations associated with fetal movements is
      considered a sign of fetal well-being. Fetal movements as felt by the pregnant
      woman and visualized by real-time ultrasonography were correlated to FHR
      accelerations in 52 normal and high-risk pregnant women. All fetal movements felt
      by the mother or seen in the real-time ultrasonography were associated with large
      FHR accelerations (more than 15 beats per minute lasting 15 seconds or more) or
      small accelerations (fewer than 15 beats per minute). The large accelerations
      were associated with 78.6% of fetal movements felt by the mother and 99.6% of
      fetal movements seen by real-time ultrasonography. The small accelerations were
      associated with 52.9% of fetal movements felt by the mother and 82.4% of fetal
      movements seen by ultrasonography. Mothers felt 75.7% of fetal movements seen by
      real-time ultrasonography. It was concluded that fetal movements could be
      verified by existence of large accelerations on the FHR tracing.

PMID- 6823345
TI  - The effect of parturition on umbilical blood plasma levels of norepinephrine.
AB  - The norepinephrine concentration in 77 umbilical, arterial, and venous plasma
      samples, and in 31 simultaneous maternal plasma samples, was measured. The mean
      (+/- SEM) of 8.7 +/- 1.9 ng/ml in the umbilical artery was higher (P less than
      .001) than that of 3.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml in the umbilical vein. In paired fetal
      maternal venous samples the norepinephrine concentration of 3.8 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in
      the fetus was higher (P less than .05) than that of 0.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml in the
      mother. Among the different types of vaginal deliveries the umbilical arterial
      norepinephrine concentrations were: 5.8 +/- 2.1 ng/ml in uncomplicated vaginal
      deliveries; 16.4 +/- 2.1 ng/ml in breech deliveries (P less than .05 as compared
      with uncomplicated vaginal deliveries); 8.8 +/- 2.5 ng/ml in vacuum extraction
      deliveries; and 0.8 +/- 0.3 ng/ml and 11.3 +/- 7.7 ng/ml in twin A and twin B
      deliveries, respectively. All these values were higher (P less than .001) than
      those after elective cesarean section, except that for twin A, which was lower (P
      less than .01) than that for twin B, indicating that labor and vaginal delivery
      induced activation of the fetal sympathoadrenal system.

PMID- 6823346
TI  - Fetal health assessment in pregnancies complicated by sickle hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - The contraction stress test (CST) and nonstress test (NST) are used as fetal
      health assessments. Severe sickle hemoglobinopathies in the parturient have been
      shown to place the fetus significantly at risk. This study correlates these fetal
      health assessment tests with outcome data in 58 pregnancies occurring in women
      with sickle cell disease. There were 30 patients with homozygous sickle cell
      anemia (HbS-S), 19 with hemoglobin S-C disease (HbS-C), and nine with hemoglobin
      S-thalassemia (HbS-Thal). All received prophylactic partial exchange transfusions
      as part of their antepartal care. At 34 weeks' gestation, NSTs followed by CSTs
      were begun in each patient. A total of 255 tests were performed. Of these, 19
      NSTs and 24 CSTs were unsatisfactory or questionably abnormal and were repeated.
      There were no nonreactive NSTs, and no patient demonstrated a positive CST. The
      neonatal outcome revealed one infant who was small for gestational age and two
      infants who were of low birth weight but appropriate for gestational age. All
      infants survived and were normal. These data suggest that the fetal reactivity
      and placental reserve among these parturients with severe sickle
      hemoglobinopathies were uncompromised, as these tests have been shown to be
      relatively sensitive assessments of fetal well-being in other maternal disorders.

PMID- 6823347
TI  - Risk of uterine perforation among users of intrauterine devices.
AB  - Since 1965 there has been a substantial increase in the number of women in the
      United States who use the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). A
      collaborative multicenter case--control study was conducted to examine uterine
      perforation and uterine incarceration as well as several other suspected
      complications related to use of an IUD. To determine which attributes of the IUD
      and which user characteristics contribute to the risk of uterine perforation and
      incarceration, the authors analyzed 32 women with uterine perforation requiring
      transperitoneal removal, 106 women with uterine incarceration of an IUD which was
      removed transcervically, and 497 controls. Most important, women who were
      lactating at the time of IUD insertion were 10 times as likely to have had a
      uterine perforation as women with at least 1 live birth but who were not
      lactating at the time of insertion. An incarcerated IUD resulting in a difficult
      removal was 2.3 times as likely among women lactating at the time of insertion
      compared to women not lactating at the time of insertion. The likelihood of both
      uterine perforation and uterine incarceration were unchanged regardless of the
      type of IUD used.

PMID- 6823349
TI  - Alcohol consumption by pregnant women.
AB  - Demographic and behavioral characteristics, including use of alcohol, were
      investigated among 1711 women registering for prenatal care at Boston City
      Hospital. During personal interviews, 9% reported drinking heavily, 37%
      moderately, and 53% rarely or not at all. The women who drank heavily differed
      from the rest of the pregnant population on several traits, including age,
      education, use of cigarettes, marijuana and other drugs, parity, and association
      with others who drank heavily. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these
      traits had little predictive power for whether a woman was a heavy drinker. A
      systematic drinking history remains the most practical method in identifying
      problem drinkers.

PMID- 6823348
TI  - Serum and tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefamandole in women undergoing
      hysterectomy.
AB  - To prevent infection in 40 patients who underwent vaginal or abdominal
      hysterectomy, each patient received a single 15-mg/kg dose of either cefoxitin or
      cefamandole by rapid (5-minute) intravenous injection before the operation.
      Samples of serum, myometrium, endometrium, ovaries, and tubes were obtained at
      various intervals after injection of the antibiotic and were assayed for
      cephalosporin concentration. Maximum tissue concentrations of 30 micrograms/g of
      both drugs were detected approximately 30 minutes after the dose, with levels
      dropping below 3 micrograms/g in approximately 2 hours. Although both antibiotics
      achieved closely similar concentrations in serum and tissues, the ratios of these
      levels to their usual mean minimum inhibitory concentrations for Bacteroides
      fragilis were appreciably higher for cefoxitin than for cefamandole. These
      pharmacokinetic observations support the current dosage recommendations for the
      use of cefoxitin in treating and preventing gynecologic infections, as well as
      the recommendation that it be administered shortly before the operation to
      maximize tissue levels during the perioperative period.

PMID- 6823350
TI  - Carcinoma of the vulva: analysis of treatment and survival.
AB  - The treatment of 224 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
      over a 20-year interval at the Mayo Clinic resulted in an overall survival rate
      of 75%, compared with 89% for age-matched controls. For patients with stage I
      disease, 5-year survival was 90%; for those with stages II, III, and IV, it was
      81, 68, and 20%, respectively. A precipitous decline in survival rates was noted
      when metastases to regional nodes were encountered, when lesion size was more
      than 3 cm, and when histologic dedifferentiation exceeded grade 2. Incorrect
      clinical staging efforts were observed in 25% of the cases, so the necessity for
      surgical staging was apparent.

PMID- 6823352
TI  - A cinefluoroscopic study of ureteral function following radical hysterectomy.
AB  - Twenty patients were studied with static and cinefluoroscopic intravenous
      pyelograms to quantitate the morphologic and physiologic ureteral alterations
      following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. More than 87% of the
      patients in the 48-hour study had ureteral dilatation, which persisted for 7 days
      in most patients, proximal to the site of pelvic dissection. By 6 weeks after
      surgery, the dilatation had regressed and pyelograms returned to normal. Transit
      time from renal pelvis to bladder was doubled at 7 days. An alteration in the
      character of peristalsis was noted on the cinefluoroscopic studies at 48 hours
      and at 7 days. The distal ureter appeared as a rigid conduit, and the peristaltic
      activity was replaced by bolus emptying.

PMID- 6823351
TI  - Cervical function following treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia by
      electrocoagulation diathermy.
AB  - At the Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne, treatment of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia has consisted mainly of electrocoagulation diathermy. A random group of
      420 consecutive patients attending the follow-up clinic has been studied to
      assess subsequent cervical function. Long-term follow-up has revealed minimal
      adverse effects on fertility, parturition, and menstrual function.

PMID- 6823353
TI  - Thromboembolism complicating surgery for cervical and uterine malignancy:
      incidence, risk factors, and prophylaxis.
AB  - Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of death and morbidity after extended
      surgery for early malignancies of the cervix and uterus. Two hundred eighty-one
      patients who underwent such surgery were retrospectively evaluated for associated
      risk factors, the incidence of clinically significant thromboembolic
      complications, and prophylactic value of low-dose heparin and antiembolism
      stockings. Significant thromboemboli were encountered in 7.8% of patients
      postoperatively and accounted for the only 4 postoperative deaths. Forty-five
      percent of patients who developed thromboemboli did so after discharge from the
      hospital. The preoperative risk factors found to be associated with
      thromboembolism, in order of statistical significance, were weight in excess of
      85.5 kg, advanced clinical stage of malignancy, and radiation therapy within 6
      weeks of the operative procedure. Low-dose heparin therapy and the use of
      antiembolism stockings as preventative measures did not appear to reduce the
      incidence of thromboembolic complications. A prospective study will be necessary
      to evaluate definitely the effectiveness of various therapeutic modalities on
      thromboembolism in gynecologic oncology patients.

PMID- 6823354
TI  - Dysgerminoma and serum lactic dehydrogenase levels.
AB  - In this study, the author reports the levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase in
      patients with ovarian dysgerminoma. The results of previous studies have shown
      that serum lactic dehydrogenase is elevated in patients with primary ovarian
      carcinoma but not in those with other pelvic tumors, benign or malignant. In the
      present study, serum lactic dehydrogenase levels were highly elevated before
      patients were treated for ovarian dysgerminoma and sharply reduced to normal
      levels after treatment. This finding may demonstrate an important tumor marker in
      the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian dysgerminoma.

PMID- 6823355
TI  - Voiding difficulties in the female: prevalence, clinical and urodynamic review.
AB  - The urodynamic questionnaires of 600 consecutive female patients attending a
      urodynamic clinic with a variety of urologic symptoms were reviewed.
      Investigations consisted of independent uroflowmetry and either twin-channel
      subtracted cystometry or videocystourethrography with synchronous bladder
      pressure and urine flow recordings. Urodynamic evidence of voiding difficulty was
      defined as a repeated peak flow rate of less than 15 ml/sec or more than 200 ml
      of residual urine. One hundred ninety-five patients complained of voiding
      difficulties; this was substantiated in only 87. An additional 12 patients had no
      symptoms suggestive of impaired voiding, but had urodynamic evidence of voiding
      difficulty. Symptoms of voiding difficulty were found to be unreliable.
      Neurologic disease was a significant etiologic finding. Uroflowmetry was advised
      for patients who were to undergo suprapubic surgery for incontinence or radical
      pelvic surgery.

PMID- 6823356
TI  - Clinical significance of an enlarged uterus in patients with postmenopausal
      bleeding.
AB  - Postmenopausal bleeding as it relates to uterine malignancy has received much
      public and professional attention. Clinical practice suggests that an enlarged
      uterus encountered during evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding is frequently
      associated with abnormal endometrial histopathology. One hundred thirty-eight
      patients with postmenopausal bleeding who underwent a fractional dilatation and
      curettage were studied retrospectively to evaluate this relationship. In addition
      to various clinical information obtained, it was determined that postmenopausal
      bleeding and an enlarged uterus have a statistically significant correlation with
      advanced endometrial pathology.

PMID- 6823357
TI  - Circulating immune complex levels in patients with molar pregnancy.
AB  - Circulating immune complex levels were measured in patients with molar pregnancy
      to investigate the relationship between circulating immune complex and
      trophoblastic tumor burden. When 27 (87%) of 31 patients with molar pregnancy
      were first seen, circulating immune complex values were in the normal range.
      Three of the 4 patients with elevated levels had concurrent medical illness.
      Eighteen patients were followed with serial measurements until gonadotropin
      remission was achieved and all 18 patients developed increased levels as they
      entered remission (P less than .001). Circulating immune complex values remained
      elevated during gonadotropin remission from 6 to 16 weeks and then declined to
      initial levels. Further investigation should be undertaken to evaluate possible
      interactions between circulating immune complex and host immune defenses.

PMID- 6823358
TI  - Clinical outcome following vaginal drainage of pelvic abscess.
AB  - Fifty-nine women treated by colpotomy drainage for pelvic abscess over a 20-year
      period (January 1961 to July 1981) were studied. Mean age was 27.3 years (+/- 9.5
      SD). Mean parity was 2.0 (+/- 2.3 SD). The abscess was secondary to pelvic
      inflammatory disease in 37 cases, abortion in four, cesarean section in six,
      other surgery in two, intrauterine device in four, appendicitis in four, and
      followed term vaginal delivery in two. The mean stay in the hospital was 14.4 (+/
      10.7) days. There were two deaths, both related to septic abortion with diffuse
      peritonitis. Further surgery during the same admission was performed in 13
      instances (seven hysterectomies); additional surgery at a later admission was
      carried out in 11 patients (10 hysterectomies). Fourteen of these procedures were
      emergencies. Two patients were readmitted with pelvic inflammatory disease. Five
      of 40 potentially fertile patients (12.5%) had successful pregnancies at a later
      date.

PMID- 6823359
TI  - Ovarian pregnancy: a series of 24 cases.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate 24 cases of ovarian pregnancy identified
      by retrospective analysis of 148,734 deliveries at 6 hospitals between 1952 and
      1980, and to review pertinent literature. Although ovarian pregnancy is rare, it
      was shown to occur 4 times more frequently than previously believed--on the order
      of 1 per 7000 deliveries and slightly less than 3% of all ectopic pregnancies.
      Awareness of the possibility of ovarian pregnancy and closer histologic
      examination of surgical specimens are critical factors for increased recognition.
      The use of intrauterine contraceptive devices was not associated with an absolute
      increase in occurrence of ovarian pregnancy. More than half the cases involved a
      history of previous reproductive system pathology or infertility. Clinical
      presentations of ovarian and tubal pregnancies are similar and differentiation
      can be made only after microscopic examination of tissue specimens. Even then,
      diagnosis of primary ovarian pregnancy may be elusive due to increasing tissue
      destruction and greater use of conservative surgical procedures. When the
      organized diagnostic approach should be followed. Culdocentesis should be
      performed whenever hemoperitoneum is suspected. The preferred therapeutic
      procedure is ovarian cystectomy or ovarian wedge resection. No maternal mortality
      occurred in any of the cases reviewed. An extremely rare case of ovarian
      pregnancy following vaginal hysterectomy is presented.

PMID- 6823360
TI  - Survival of patients following secondary cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6823361
TI  - Intrauterine fetal transfusions: Winnipeg 1982.
AB  - Perinatal survival after fetal transfusion in Winnipeg from February 1978 to June
      1980 (52%-11 of 21 transfused) was worse than in the preceding 12-year period
      (70%-79 of 113 transfused). The cause was determined to be narrowing of the
      epidural transfusion catheter side hole opening diameters, which caused donor red
      cell hemolysis and hydrops fetalis. Catheter-induced red cell hemolysis was
      directly responsible for three perinatal deaths in this interval and probably
      contributed to two others. Catheter-induced red cell hemolysis was prevented
      completely by removal of the catheter tip and side hole openings, allowing donor
      red fell egress through the open end of the catheter. Following the institution
      of real-time ultrasound scan surveillance during and after intrauterine
      transfusion, survival for the interval from July 1980 to June 1982 was 92% (22 of
      24 transfused), by far the series' best intrauterine transfusion survival rate.
      Hydropic fetal survival rate in the same period was 75% (six of eight
      transfused). With meticulous prenatal care, amniotic fluid delta OD450
      measurements beginning at 20.5 weeks' gestation, and intrauterine transfusion
      carried out under ultrasound guidance, beginning as early as 22.5 weeks'
      gestation if necessary, the Rh Laboratory has achieved extremely satisfactory
      perinatal salvage following intrauterine transfusion. Intensive plasma exchange,
      as an adjunct to the above measures, should be reserved for the pregnant woman
      with a history of hydropic fetal death before 28 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 6823362
TI  - Maternal age, obstetric complications, and the outcome of pregnancy.
AB  - Data from 44,386 pregnancies were analyzed to determine if advancing maternal age
      influences frequency or outcome of antenatal disorders. The perinatal mortality
      rate progressively increased from 25/1000 at age 17 ro 19 years to 69/1000 after
      age 39. Stillbirths accounted for 92% of this increase. Fourteen percent of the
      increase was due to congenital malformations and 50% to disorders associated with
      uteroplacental underperfusion, ie, abruptio placentae, large placental infarcts,
      and placental growth retardation. Sclerotic lesions in the myometrial arteries
      are a possible cause of underperfusion because the proportion of arteries with
      these lesions increased from 11% at age 17 to 19 years to 83% after age 39.

PMID- 6823363
TI  - Permeability of ovine amnion and amniochorion to urea and water.
AB  - Permeability of ovine amnion and amniochorion to urea and water was measured in
      vitro at various gestational ages. Permeability of amniochorion was between 30
      and 100% of that of amnion. Permeability of the membranes to water did not change
      with fetal age, whereas permeability of amnion to urea decreased from 1.548 +/-
      0.541 (49) 10(-4) cm . sec-1 to 0.277 +/- 0.339 (102) 10(-4) cm . sec-1 as fetal
      age increased. There was a significant relationship between the permeability of
      the amnion to urea and the concentration of urea in the amniotic fluid. It was
      concluded that the decrease in membrane permeability to urea may be responsible
      in part for the increase in amniotic fluid urea concentration observed as
      gestation progresses.

PMID- 6823365
TI  - Presidential address. Responsibilities, ten problems, and a few solutions.

PMID- 6823364
TI  - Platelets in pregnancy: hyperdestruction in pregnancy.
AB  - Platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet volume distribution width were
      measured with the Coulter counter in 2813 blood samples from 2066 women with an
      uncomplicated pregnancy. There was a significant fall in the platelet count in
      the last 8 weeks of gestation, and a significant rise in the mean platelet volume
      in the last 4 weeks. The platelet volume distribution width rose constantly and
      significantly throughout pregnancy. These findings indicate an increased platelet
      consumption (hyperdestruction) throughout normal pregnancy. Platelet volume
      distribution width appears to be the more sensitive measure of
      macrothrombocytosis in pregnancy.

PMID- 6823366
TI  - Sonographically documented disappearance of fetal ascites.
AB  - Two patients with sonographically documented fetal ascites are described. Workup
      for immunologic or nonimmunologic causes was negative. Subsequent sonar
      examinations demonstrated disappearance of fetal ascites. At delivery, previous
      abdominal distention was apparent. Fetal ascites of unknown etiology in the late
      second trimester does not necessarily have a poor prognosis. Serial sonographic
      examinations are indicated for follow-up of fetal ascites.

PMID- 6823367
TI  - Fetomaternal transfusion following trauma.

PMID- 6823368
TI  - Unruptured tubal pregnancy at term with survival of mother and child.
AB  - A case of tubal pregnancy going to term and resulting in a living child is
      presented. Problems in diagnosis include differentiation from an ovarian cyst
      concomitant with intrauterine pregnancy. Although the literature offers
      radiologic diagnostic signs, radiologic examination did not indicate ectopic
      pregnancy, and the diagnosis was made at laparotomy for cesarean section.

PMID- 6823370
TI  - Pregnancy following surgical correction of nonfused mullerian bulbs and absent
      vagina.
AB  - The authors treated a 15-year-old girl with a nonfused mullerian system and
      absence of the cervix and vagina. Surgical reconstruction of the uterus and
      vagina were performed, after which menstruation first appeared. Postoperative
      fibrotic stenosis obliterated almost the entire vagina except for a fine
      uterovaginal fistula. Nevertheless, after 2 years of marriage, the patient became
      pregnant at age 23 and was delivered by cesarean section at term of a living
      infant. Review of the literature indicates that this is the first report of
      pregnancy (as well as successful outcome) in this type of anomalous reproductive
      tract.

PMID- 6823371
TI  - Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report.

PMID- 6823369
TI  - Proliferating glia and other heterotopic tissues in the uterus: fetal homografts?
AB  - The authors describe clinically and histologically the cases of 5 patients with
      glial tissue in the uterus and discuss the explanation for this rare phenomenon.
      The glial tissue was generally manifested as an endocervical polyp, and in one
      case as a large polypoid tumor on the ectocervix. Histologically, apart from
      glial tissue, one patient had islands of cartilage, bone, and keratinizing
      squamous epithelium both in the cervix and in the endomyometrial layers. Only a
      few investigators have found cartilage and bone in addition to glial tissue, and
      the authors know of no other case in which epidermal tissue has been found. The
      authors believe that the theory postulating the fetal origin for these foreign
      tissues in the uterus is the most plausible one. The specific immunologic as well
      as cytologic and cytogenetic factors remain to be defined.

PMID- 6823372
TI  - Vulvar carcinoma in situ.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with carcinoma in situ of the vulva were reviewed. Attention
      was focused upon the epidemiology, duration of symptoms, and location of lesions.
      The vulva and perineum were divided diagrammatically into 16 geographic
      compartments; lesion location and percentage of occurrence in each area were
      calculated. The most common site was the inferior border of the right labium
      majus. Eighty-four percent of patients under the age of 40 had multifocal
      disease. Sixty-five percent of patients over 40 had unifocal disease.

PMID- 6823373
TI  - Clinical significance of estrogen and progestin receptors in ovarian cancer.
AB  - Concentrations of cytosol estrogen and progestin receptors were determined in
      ovarian carcinoma samples from 84 patients with early (stages I to II; N = 17),
      advanced (III to IV; N = 39), recurrent epithelial (N = 9), and nonepithelial (N
      = 5) cancer and with ovarian metastases of other malignancies (N = 11). Seventy
      one percent of all the specimens contained estrogen and progestin receptors (3 or
      more and 6 or more fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively, receptor-positive
      group), whereas 10% of the tumors were receptor-negative. Primary epithelial
      ovarian carcinomas were more often receptor-positive (81% versus 44%), and they
      had higher receptor concentrations than recurrent epithelial ovarian tumors.
      Primary endometrioid and serous carcinomas had higher concentrations of cytosol
      estrogen receptors than did mucinous tumors. Anaplastic endometrioid malignancies
      had significantly lower concentrations of both receptors than the differentiated
      tumors, whereas in serous carcinomas only cytosol progestin receptor displayed
      this difference. Patients with advanced malignancy characterized by low estrogen
      and/or progestin receptor concentrations had nonremovable tumor more often, and
      they survived for a shorter time than the other patients.

PMID- 6823376
TI  - Amniotic fluid cultures: post-cesarean section endomyometritis and neonatal
      infections.
AB  - Amniotic fluid cultures in 54 consecutive patients undergoing cesarean section
      were compared in regard to intrapartum and postpartum events. Neonatal outcome
      and cultures were also compared with amniotic fluid findings. Positive amniotic
      cultures were obtained in 57% and showed a multiplicity of organisms. Development
      of endomyometritis was correlated with a heavy growth of bacteria in culture.
      Positive cultures were significantly associated with duration of labor greater
      than eight hours and presence of ruptured membranes at the time of cesarean
      section. Thirty-three percent of the patients with positive cultures had intact
      membranes at the time of operation. Eighty-eight percent of cultures from infants
      and amniotic fluid grew organisms in common. Implications of the study for the
      pathogenesis of postcesarean endomyometritis and neonatal morbidity are
      discussed.

PMID- 6823374
TI  - Surgical management of bowel obstruction in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The surgical management of 118 instances of bowel obstruction associated with
      advanced ovarian cancer in 98 patients is reviewed. In 12% of the treatment
      episodes, patients were found to have inoperable disease at laparotomy. Surgical
      correction of the intestinal obstruction was associated with an operative
      mortality of 12%. In 35% of the cases, patients did not benefit from surgical
      treatment, as they died within 8 weeks of the operation. Patients' age,
      nutritional status, tumor spread, presence of ascites, and the type and amount of
      prior chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy correlate well with the patients'
      prognosis. A simple prognostic index based upon these 6 criteria is suggested as
      a means of predicting the possible benefit from surgical intervention.

PMID- 6823375
TI  - Psychosexual adjustment following pelvic exenteration.
AB  - Fifteen pelvic exenteration patients from 2 institutions participated in
      semistructured interviews and objective assessment to examine postoperative
      psychologic, social, and sexual functioning. Analyses of variance indicated
      significant differences between the sexually active and nonactive patients and
      the patients with a neovagina and those with no vaginal capacity only in the area
      of sexual functioning, not in psychologic or social adjustment. Descriptive
      statistics for the entire group of patients provide a view of psychosocial
      adjustment for the average pelvic exenteration patient. Long after such patients
      are asymptomatic and clinically free of disease, they appear mildly distressed
      and depressed. However, these women report active and satisfactory levels of
      social and free-time activities. Sexual functioning continues as the area of
      greatest disruption for these patients and, as a group, they resemble severely
      sexually dysfunctional healthy women. This investigation provides a substantive
      look at the post-treatment life circumstances of these patients and offers a data
      base for future investigations.

PMID- 6823377
TI  - Perinatal outcome in the absence of antepartum fetal heart rate acceleration.
AB  - The perinatal outcome of 27 pregnancies in which antepartum fetal activity
      testing revealed fetal heart rate acceleration to be either absent or less than
      10 beats per minute for 80 minutes is presented. At delivery, each pregnancy was
      found to have one or more features consistent with uteroplacental insufficiency.
      These included fetal growth retardation (74%), oligohydramnios (81%), fetal
      acidosis (41%), meconium (30%), and placental infarction (93%). There were four
      fetal and seven neonatal deaths, for a perinatal mortality of 41%. Despite
      delivery of all live-born infants by cesarean section without labor, the infants
      who died during the neonatal period appeared to be in such poor condition as to
      preclude survival. The authors conclude that the inability of the fetus to
      accelerate its heart rate, when not due to maternal medications, is an ominous
      signal. Throughout the literature on fetal activity testing there are indications
      that other investigators have had similar experiences. The purpose of the present
      report is to direct attention to an abnormal fetal activity test result of which
      the significance is not widely recognized.

PMID- 6823378
TI  - Measurements of iron absorption from prenatal multivitamin--mineral supplements.
AB  - Although prenatal multivitamin--mineral supplements containing 60 to 65 mg of
      iron, taken once daily, are used widely to assure that pregnant women absorb the
      approximately 3.5 mg of supplemental iron per day that they require, there have
      been no studies concerning the absorption of iron from these preparations. Using
      cross-over studies in groups of normal nonpregnant women of childbearing age,
      such iron absorption was assessed using a technique in which absorption is
      calculated from the measured increase in serum iron after the oral ingestion of
      iron in various forms. With each of 4 different brands of prenatal supplements,
      mean iron absorption was less than the required 3.5 mg and ranged from 1.8 to 3.0
      mg. These values were significantly less (P less than .01) than the 8.1 mg that
      was absorbed from 65 mg of iron alone. Decreased iron absorption in the prenatal
      supplements was shown to be due to inhibition by calcium carbonate and magnesium
      oxide and, in some cases, to poor iron release. When one of the 4 brands was
      reformulated to contain less calcium carbonate and less magnesium oxide, mean
      iron absorption increased to 4.5 mg. It is concluded that the amount of iron
      absorbed from many prenatal multivitamin--mineral supplements is significantly
      less than with standard forms of iron in nonpregnant women and that
      bioavailability studies should be performed on pregnant patients to determine
      whether these commercial preparations provide adequate amounts of iron during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6823380
TI  - Acute effects of maternal smoking on fetal breathing and movements.
AB  - The acute effects of cigarette smoking on fetal breathing movements and fetal
      movements were determined with a real-time ultrasound system in 10 healthy
      habitually smoking women in late gestation. The study was carried out for 1 hour
      before and 1 hour after the woman smoked a single cigarette. The maternal blood
      glucose concentration was maintained at a raised postprandial level through the
      study. After smoking, a significant increase in the rate of fetal breathing
      movements (P less than .05) appeared together with a reduction in the short time
      variability of the breath-to-breath intervals (P less than .05). The number of
      epochs without fetal breathing movements or fetal trunk and limb movements
      increased after smoking (P less than .05), indicating a change in the spacing of
      these fetal activities. The increased breathing rate and number of apneic epochs
      were both correlated to maternal nicotine levels. These observations suggest an
      acute influence on the fetal behavioral state of maternal smoking.

PMID- 6823381
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes showing
      lymphangiographic abnormalities.
AB  - Fifty-six fine needle aspirations of lymphangiographically abnormal pelvic and
      para-aortic lymph nodes were performed in 50 patients at The University of
      Michigan between January 1, 1977, and May 31, 1980. Fine needle aspiration was
      used both in the initial evaluation of patients with gynecologic malignancies and
      in the investigation of persistent and recurrent malignant disease. The overall
      diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration was 74.0%. Fine needle aspiration
      yielded diagnostic cytologic specimens; it was safe and well tolerated, and in
      some instances it permitted the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis without
      laparotomy.

PMID- 6823382
TI  - Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion with silicone rubber.
AB  - A new method of sterilization for women is being investigated in several
      outpatient centers. The technique involves flowing liquid silicone rubber into
      the fallopian tubes. The silicone cures in place and forms a rubbery solid plug.
      The catalyzed liquid silicone is pumped through a special polysulfone guide
      assembly that fits through the operating channel of a standard hysteroscope. On
      the end of the guide is a hollow premolded silicone rubber tip that fits into the
      cornual ostium of the tube. When the silicone cures it also cross-links to this
      tip so that the tip becomes part of the plug. Results as of April 1, 1982, from
      350 women in the Philadelphia center suggest that proper plug formation prevents
      pregnancy and that the method can be applied to about 85% of properly selected
      women.

PMID- 6823379
TI  - Phleborheography in pregnancy.
AB  - To determine whether pregnancy and the gravid uterus have an effect on
      phleborheographic findings, 48 asymptomatic pregnant patients underwent
      phleborheography in the second or third trimester or the immediate postpartum
      period. Their phleborheograms were compared to normal phleborheograms of
      nonpregnant patients with normal venograms. No difference was detected between
      the phleborheograms of the two groups. Furthermore, there was no change in the
      phleborheograms of patients who were tested in the second and third trimesters
      and also in the immediate postpartum period. The fact that the gravid uterus and
      pregnancy did not alter the venous wave amplitude and baseline tracing indicated
      the absence of chronic or acute venous obstruction. The use of a lateral rather
      than supine position was judged important in obtaining accurate findings. The
      study suggests that phleborheography can be used to diagnose deep venous
      thrombosis in pregnant women with the same confidence as in nonpregnant patients.

PMID- 6823385
TI  - Maternal hyperglycemia and intrauterine tachypnea.

PMID- 6823384
TI  - Estrogen replacement therapy.

PMID- 6823383
TI  - Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine lesions and intractable uterine
      bleeding.
AB  - Mullerian fusion defects, submucous myomas, and intractable uterine bleeding have
      been managed traditionally by major surgical intervention. However, the
      cystoscope-resectoscope provides the operative versatility allowing transvaginal
      surgical management of these situations. Forty women underwent hysteroscopy and
      treatment with the cystoscope-resectoscope at the Yale-New Haven Hospital. Those
      patients treated for septate mullerian defects also underwent concomitant
      laparoscopy. Therapeutic surgical use of the cystoscope-resectoscope resulted in
      no immediate or long-term complications. Of 11 patients with uterine anomalies
      treated in this fashion, 9 carried to term without difficulty. Fourteen women
      with space-occupying intrauterine lesions were treated and resumed normal
      cyclical menses for a minimum of 1 year. In all 11 patients with intractable
      uterine bleeding hemorrhage was controlled immediately and 6 women remained
      amenorrheic for a sustained period. The use of the cystoscope-resectoscope for
      the management of these entities provides several advantages: 1) A transcervical
      approach obviates the necessity for abdominal surgery, and 2) the instrument is
      rapidly and easily accessible to the practicing gynecologist.

PMID- 6823386
TI  - Vaginal delivery in patients with a prior cesarean section.

PMID- 6823388
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 6823387
TI  - Epidural analgesia and placental blood flow during labor in pregnancies
      complicated by hypertension.

PMID- 6823389
TI  - Disseminated Herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy.
AB  - Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy is uncommon but is
      accompanied by high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women
      with primary mucous membrane infection during the third trimester may run an
      increased risk for dissemination, although specific predisposing factors are
      unknown. Diagnosis requires awareness of the clinical syndrome, a high index of
      suspicion in the proper setting, and appropriate use of available diagnostic
      techniques. Although the disease may be self-limited, mortality approaches 40%
      for mother and fetus. In the presence of severe or progressive systemic
      infection, specific antiviral chemotherapy with vidarabine may be warranted.
      Management of the fetus remains problematic; prompt delivery by cesarean section
      may be indicated.

PMID- 6823390
TI  - A fetal sacrococcygeal tumor obstructing labor after attempted home confinement.
AB  - Obstructed labor due to a large sacrococcygeal tumor is reported. A technique of
      transabdominal intrauterine reduction in the size of the tumor to allow delivery
      of the infant in satisfactory condition is described. The method and the
      successful outcome have not previously been reported. It is recommended as a
      combined obstetric and pediatric surgical solution to similar complications. The
      complication should be circumvented by ultrasonographic screening of high-risk or
      suspect cases and of women entering a high-risk environment for delivery.

PMID- 6823391
TI  - Acute intraamniotic infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - In isolated instances, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported to be the cause
      of genital tract infection. In such cases, pelvic infection usually has occurred
      in association with a primary infection in the respiratory tract and a subsequent
      bacteremia. The authors describe 2 cases of acute intraamniotic infection due to
      the pneumococcus. Both cases occurred in the absence of any other site of
      infection. The potential serious complications of pneumococcal infection are
      emphasized.

PMID- 6823392
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolus-like syndrome presenting in the second trimester of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Two cases of sudden cardiopulmonary embarrassment and profound disseminated
      intravascular coagulation occurring in the second trimester of pregnancy are
      described and a third from the literature is reviewed. All 3 pregnancies were
      complicated by persistent uterine bleeding. With supportive care, all mothers
      survived with rapid and spontaneous resolution of the clotting abnormalities. It
      is speculated that the pathophysiology of this event involves an amniotic fluid
      embolus. At this time no specific recommendations for prevention or treatment can
      be made. Vigorous support of the mother appears to offer the best chance for a
      successful outcome.

PMID- 6823393
TI  - Unfavorable neonatal outcome after intraamniotic injection of methylene blue.
AB  - A case is presented in which methylene blue dye was injected intraamniotically to
      confirm rupture of the membranes. Significant neonatal morbidity occurred as a
      direct result of the methylene blue dye injection. A syndrome of toxic side
      effects is described including hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and
      methemoglobinemia. The metabolic process is discussed. The authors suggest
      discontinuing the intraamniotic injection of methylene blue dye as a diagnostic
      aid.

PMID- 6823394
TI  - Colposcopic diagnosis of vaginal ulcerations in toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 6823395
TI  - First-trimester rudimentary horn pregnancy: prerupture ultrasound diagnosis.
AB  - A case of pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a bicornuate uterus is presented,
      and a discussion of this rare and potentially catastrophic phenomenon follows.
      This is the first such case reported in which the diagnosis was made early in
      gestation through the use of ultrasonography. An extrauterine gestation
      accompanied by a well-defined placenta visible on ultrasound scan is suggested as
      a criterion for differentiating rudimentary horn pregnancy from abdominal
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6823396
TI  - Irradiation of liver metastases due to gestational choriocarcinoma.
AB  - One of the major unresolved problems in high-risk choriocarcinoma is the
      prevention of hemorrhage from tumor necrosis during chemotherapy. The authors
      report a successfully treated patient who developed intrahepatic bleeding while
      receiving systemic chemotherapy and concomitant whole liver irradiation. Patients
      with trophoblastic liver metastases are at risk for bleeding from tumor necrosis
      during chemotherapy but, because there are few reported cases, the degree of risk
      cannot be predicted. Radiation therapy for the prevention of this complication
      may not be as successful for liver metastases as it is for brain metastases;
      reports are too scarce to evaluate its efficacy. As demonstrated in the present
      patient, radiation therapy does not completely eliminate the risk of hemorrhage
      from chemotherapy. The hypothesis that patients with liver metastases from
      gestational choriocarcinoma are more susceptible to treatment failure and life
      threatening complications than other members of the high-risk category needs
      support. Other investigators are encouraged to report their results with
      trophoblastic liver metastases to clarify the type and degree of risk, to
      determine the role of adjuvant radiation therapy, and to establish optimum
      treatment protocols.

PMID- 6823397
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumor of the vulva in an infant.
AB  - An endodermal sinus tumor arising in the vulva of a 22-month-old infant is
      reported and the features of 3 previously recorded endodermal sinus tumors of the
      vulva are reviewed. Despite radical surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy
      the tumor was fatal within 6 months. Only one of the 3 previously described
      patients with this type of vulvar tumor has survived more than 2 years. That
      tumor was the smallest reported, being the only one under 2 cm in diameter.

PMID- 6823398
TI  - Pregnancy following removal of and long-term chemotherapy for ovarian malignant
      teratoma.

PMID- 6823399
TI  - Pigmentosis tubae, a new entity: light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The authors noted an unusual finding in the fallopian tubes of a 31-year-old
      woman who had received external and internal whole pelvis radiotherapy for
      squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Aggregates of macrophages containing
      pigment, identified in a subepithelial location, were reminiscent of melanosis
      coli, which is caused by abuse of anthracene-containing laxatives. Electron
      microscopic examination of the pigment revealed cytoplasmic material with the
      appearance of lipofuscin, identical to the pigment described in cases of colonic
      melanosis. After a careful study of possible etiologic agents, it was concluded
      that the pigment most likely resulted from cellular damage caused by
      radiotherapy. The authors are not aware of any other reported case of this
      entity, which will be called pigmentosis tubae.

PMID- 6823400
TI  - Adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix in a woman exposed to diethylstilbestrol in
      utero.

PMID- 6823401
TI  - Benign ovarian cystic teratomas with homunculi.
AB  - Two benign ovarian cystic teratomas, each containing a partial human body-like
      structure (homunculus), are described. One was found in a 30-year-old woman, and
      the second occurred in a prepubertal 10-year-old girl. Each of the 2 homunculi
      resembled the lower half of a miniature human body with buttocks, a pair of legs
      with recognizable feet, and a phallus-like structure in the anterior midline. A
      relatively well-developed osteocartilagenous skeleton was identified in each of
      the specimens. The literature pertaining to these so-called fetiform teratomas is
      reviewed. Only 17 previous cases have been described or mentioned in the English
      language literature.

PMID- 6823402
TI  - Recurrent ovarian fibromas with basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome).

PMID- 6823403
TI  - Effect of phase I and II chemotherapeutic agents against human lymphomas
      heterotransplanted in nude mice.
AB  - Ten chemotherapeutic agents, mostly phase I and II drugs, were tested for
      activity against two human lymphomas heterotransplanted in nude mice. Three of
      these agents have been tested in phase II trials in patients with lymphoma and
      found to lack activity; a corresponding lack of activity was found in lymphoma
      bearing nude mice. Apart from cyclophosphamide, which is known to have activity
      against lymphoma and was used as a positive control, only dianhydrogalactitol
      (DAG) had antitumor activity in the lymphoma-bearing nude mice. Tumor regressions
      induced by DAG in a heterotransplanted diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were
      determined to be significant using a statistical method designed for such
      studies. These data suggest there should be further study of DAG in patients with
      lymphoma.

PMID- 6823404
TI  - Tumor-enhancing effects of cimetidine.

PMID- 6823405
TI  - Effect of sidestream tobacco smoke components on alpha/beta interferon
      production.
AB  - Mouse embryo fibroblast cell cultures were treated with chemicals that are major
      components of sidestream (passive) cigarette smoke. These components were 4
      aminobiphenyl and aniline-HCl. The cultures produced severely reduced levels of
      alpha/beta interferon after challenge with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic
      acid when compared to control cultures. Treatment of additional cell cultures
      with 2-methylquinoline, and intermediate-level component of sidestream tobacco
      smoke, or hydrazine-sulfate, a minor component of sidestream tobacco smoke but a
      major component of mainstream (active) tobacco smoke, also resulted in inhibition
      of interferon induction with polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid.
      Therefore, treatment of the cell cultures with chemicals that are carcinogenic
      was equally effective in inhibiting alpha/beta interferon induction without
      regard to the sidestream or mainstream smoke origin of the chemical.

PMID- 6823406
TI  - Immunological response to tumor ischemia in a murine renal cell carcinoma model.

PMID- 6823408
TI  - Replantation of one third of the ciliary body after severe impalement injury.
AB  - A massive impalement injury to a 46-year-old man led to corneoscleral laceration,
      partial aniridia, traumatic cataract and rupture of the orbiculus ciliaris of
      more than one third of the circumference with extreme hypotony and practically
      blinding. In addition there was a massive circular haemorrhage into the
      suprachorioidal space. The course of the operative intervention leading to
      complete replantation of the ciliary body and so finally to normalisation of the
      intraocular pressure is described. The gratifying course could have been favoured
      by the diffuse retrochorioidal haemorrhage.

PMID- 6823407
TI  - Separation of leukemic and nonleukemic subpopulations of spleen cells from mice
      with myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Centrifugal elutriation has been adapted for use in obtaining highly enriched
      populations of leukemic myeloblasts and normal appearing lymphocytes from RFM/UN
      mice with myeloid leukemia. The myeloblasts were functionally intact as evidenced
      by their high cloning efficiency in vitro and malignant potential in vivo. The
      lymphocyte-enriched subpopulation had a low thymidine labeling index, and cloning
      efficiency in vitro, and was only marginally malignant in vivo indicating minimal
      contamination by leukemic myeloblasts. In preterminal leukemic mice the
      proportion of cycling leukemic cells remained high with a labeling index of 30
      50%.

PMID- 6823410
TI  - Vascular changes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
AB  - The author studied by fluorescein angiography the vascular conditions in 50 cases
      of rhegmatogenous detachment. Capillary dilatation and hyperpermeability were
      observed on the detached retina and can be considered as an autoregulation
      phenomenon secondary to tissular hypoxia. Diffuse peripheral vascular occlusions
      were a typical finding in detachments with peripheral holes. In these cases a
      preexisting retinal perfusion defect was probably exaggerated by the increased
      resistances secondary to the detachment.

PMID- 6823409
TI  - Surgical treatment of the complications of chronic uveitis.

PMID- 6823411
TI  - Subjective and objective ocular disturbances in reattached retina after surgery
      for retinal detachment, with special reference to visual acuity and
      metamorphopsia.
AB  - A questionnaire about postoperative complaints was given to patients after
      surgery for retinal detachment. Their visual acuity and visual field problems
      were analyzed. Only one third of all the patients felt postoperative improvement.
      Blurred vision and metamorphopsia after operation were complained of in one third
      of all the patients. Blurred vision was apt to be complained of in patients with
      macular detachment before operation. About 77% of patients with blurred vision
      had a visual acuity of less than 0.5. Metamorphopsia was frequently complained of
      in patients treated with the segmental buckling procedure.

PMID- 6823412
TI  - Lacrimal immunoglobulin E and allergic conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6823413
TI  - Zinc, cobalt and selenium concentrations in the premature and full-term newborn
      eye.
AB  - Zinc, cobalt and selenium concentrations were determined in tunics, vitreous and
      lens of the eyes of 17 infants who died during the neonatal period. Significantly
      higher concentrations of the measured elements were found in the vitreous. The
      tunics contained more zinc and cobalt than the lens, while the latter contained
      more selenium.

PMID- 6823414
TI  - Retinoblastoma masquerading as ocular inflammation.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic findings of a 9-year-old girl with retinoblastoma
      masqueraded as atypical intraocular inflammation are presented. Histopathologic
      study revealed a diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma with seeding of tumor cells
      into the vitreous cavity and anterior chamber. In tumors with this growth
      pattern, ultrasonography is of little value. Cytologic examination of aqueous and
      vitreous aspirates may be misinterpreted and should be evaluated carefully.
      Because of the seeding of tumor cells, lactate dehydrogenase assay is of
      diagnostic value prior to considering definitive therapy.

PMID- 6823416
TI  - Sleep and bedtime behavior in preschool-aged children.
AB  - Age stage-specific changes in patterns of sleep and bedtime behavior were
      examined in 109 normally developing preschool-aged children who were the subjects
      of the New York Longitudinal Study of Temperament and Development. The data were
      derived from information abstracted from interviews conducted with parents about
      the behavior of their children in daily life situations at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
      years of age. The following age trends were found: older children were
      significantly more likely to exhibit a prolongation of bedtime routine, insist on
      sleeping with the light on, take a treasured object to bed, request parental
      attention after being told good night, and experience delays in falling asleep
      than were younger children. The frequency of occurrence of night awakening was
      not different at the different age levels examined, although older children were
      significantly more likely to experience nightmares. The fathers of older children
      were significantly more likely to participate in bedtime routines, and older
      children were also significantly more likely to share a bedroom with a sibling.
      No sex differences were found.

PMID- 6823415
TI  - Distance running improves fitness in asthmatic children without pulmonary
      complications or changes in exercise-induced bronchospasm.
AB  - The effect of a distance running program was studied in 15 children with severe
      chronic asthma. Following a 6-week control period, the subjects ran four days a
      week for 6 weeks. The distance was increased gradually to 3.2 km. Clinical status
      and need for treatment did not change. Episodes of exercise-induced bronchospasm
      were readily reversed. Fitness improved as measured by the distance run in 12
      minutes (P less than .005). Resting pulmonary function did not change. Exercise
      induced bronchospasm following a bicycle ergometer stress test under comparable
      conditions did not change. Ventilatory muscle strength, measured as the maximal
      inspiratory pressure, and endurance, measured as the sustainable inspiratory
      pressure, were at a high level initially and did not change. It is concluded that
      distance running is safe and can increase the fitness of asthmatic children who
      are receiving adequate therapy.

PMID- 6823417
TI  - Intracerebellar hemorrhage in a premature newborn: diagnosis by real-time
      ultrasound and correlation with autopsy findings.
AB  - The identification of intracerebellar hemorrhage in a living premature infant by
      real-time ultrasound scan and confirmation of the findings at autopsy are
      described. This represents the first demonstration of the value of this
      noninvasive, convenient, and safe means of brain imaging in diagnosis of this
      lesion. Previous studies have described the role of the computed tomography (CT)
      scan in identification of intracerebellar hemorrhage in the newborn. Because
      infants with intracerebellar hemorrhage are usually critically ill, a means of
      identification of the lesion that could be utilized at the bedside rather than an
      approach that requires transport to a CT scanner is needed. This study indicates
      that portable real-time ultrasound scanning can satisfy that need.

PMID- 6823420
TI  - Diagnosis of ill-defined pulmonary infiltrates by lateral decubitus chest
      radiography.
AB  - The lateral decubitus chest radiograph is a useful procedure in the evaluation of
      ill-defined pulmonary densities that may stimulate infiltrates. This procedure,
      although described previously in the radiologic literature, has not been in
      frequent use. The procedure assists diagnosis in patients who are not able to
      take a deep inspiration due to personal limitations and in young children who are
      not able to cooperate fully.

PMID- 6823419
TI  - Feeding the low-birth-weight infant: II. Effects of taurine and cholesterol
      supplementation on amino acids and cholesterol.
AB  - Plasma and urine concentrations of taurine were consistently lower in preterm
      infants fed unsupplemented formula than those observed in the infants fed human
      milk or formulas supplemented with taurine alone or with taurine plus
      cholesterol. Such supplementation of formula restored plasma and urine
      concentrations of taurine to those observed in the infants fed human milk.
      Taurine was the only amino acid that was present at lower concentrations in the
      infants fed unsupplemented formula than in those fed human milk. The other acidic
      and neutral amino acids were present in higher concentrations in the formula-fed
      infants than in the group fed human milk either during the early weeks of the
      study (serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, and methionine) or
      consistently higher during the entire study (threonine, glutamate, citrulline,
      valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine). Supplementation of formula with
      taurine plus cholesterol did not appear to have any effect on the amino acid
      concentrations in the plasma and urine, other than that on taurine itself. Plasma
      total cholesterol concentration decreased during the fifth to the 12th postnatal
      weeks of life in all feeding groups. It then returned to the concentrations found
      during the first and third postnatal weeks in all feeding groups except in the
      infants fed formulas supplemented with taurine plus cholesterol which had a
      greater decrease.

PMID- 6823418
TI  - Feeding the low-birth-weight infant: I. Taurine and cholesterol supplementation
      of formula does not affect growth and metabolism.
AB  - Taurine and cholesterol are constituents of human milk that are present in
      smaller amounts in infant formulas. Infants fed such formulas have lower plasma
      and urine concentrations of taurine and of serum total cholesterol. In the
      present investigation, in infants of 31 to 36 weeks gestational age, the effects
      of supplementing a 1.5 g/100 mL whey-predominant formula with taurine alone or
      with taurine plus cholesterol were examined. Infants fed the supplemented formula
      were compared with infants fed the unsupplemented formula and with infants fed
      pooled, expressed human milk (185 mL/kg/d). Approximately 45% of the human milk
      provided to each infant was that of the infant's mother (35% pasteurized and 10%
      fresh). From the time of reaching a weight of 2,400 g to 4 months of age the last
      group of infants was fed ad libitum. No consistent statistically significant
      differences in growth, as measured by rate of gain in crown-rump length, crown
      heel length, or head circumference, were observed. There was a tendency, however,
      for the formula-fed infants to gain weight more slowly before reaching 2,400 g
      and to gain weight more quickly after a weight of 2,400 g was attained to 4
      months of age. No differences in concentrations of BUN, total serum proteins, or
      acid-base status were observed among the formula-fed groups. The concentration of
      BUN increased in the formula-fed groups compared with the group fed human milk
      during the last half of the study. The formula-fed infants tended to have higher
      total serum proteins and to be slightly more acidotic than the infants fed human
      milk prior to discharge at a weight of 2,400 g but not thereafter. Thus, infants
      fed 185 mL/kg/d gained weight at rates comparable to those for fetuses of the
      same gestational age. Supplementation of formulas with taurine or taurine plus
      cholesterol did not produce changes in growth or general metabolism discernible
      under the present experimental conditions.

PMID- 6823421
TI  - Radionuclide bone scan in neuroblastoma.
AB  - A comparison of radionuclide bone scans with other methods of monitoring disease
      status was undertaken in a series of 51 children with neuroblastoma. The
      radionuclide bone scan was more accurate than either conventional radiographic
      studies or physical examination in localizing the primary tumor. When the extent
      of bony metastatic disease was evaluated, the bone scan and radiographic skeletal
      surveys were generally both positive, but the bone scan tended to show evidence
      of greater metastatic disease than radiographs.

PMID- 6823422
TI  - Acute lower respiratory tract illnesses in Cali, Colombia: a two-year ambulatory
      study.

PMID- 6823423
TI  - Marshall-Smith syndrome: two case reports and a review of pulmonary
      manifestations.
AB  - Two patients with the Marshall-Smith syndrome are described. Both had significant
      and fatal respiratory distress attributable to this condition. Congenital,
      functional, and acquired abnormalities of the respiratory tract are described in
      nine of the 11 case reports in the literature and are characteristic of this
      syndrome as well as a primary cause of failure to thrive and death in these
      patients. Unusual immunologic findings in one of our two patients are the first
      to be reported in the Marshall-Smith syndrome. Quantitation of immune function in
      other patients with this condition will be helpful in determining the
      significance of these results. It is hoped that the etiology of the syndrome will
      be discovered as more cases are recognized and reported by pediatricians caring
      for infants with failure to thrive, advanced bone age, and chronic respiratory
      symptomatology.

PMID- 6823425
TI  - Parental information and circumcision in highly motivated couples with higher
      education.

PMID- 6823424
TI  - Ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency in an adult male patient: significance
      of hepatic ultrastructure in clinical diagnosis.
AB  - Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) activity was deficient (8% of control) in
      the liver of a 21-year-old man who died after suddenly becoming comatose.
      Activities of other enzymes of the urea cycle in the liver were normal. There was
      no known prior illness or injury; the patient, however, had been taking liquid
      protein supplements to his diet. Hyperammonemia and orotic aciduria were present,
      and the concentration of lysine in the plasma was elevated. Survey of earlier
      reports indicates that neither the specific deficiency of hepatic OCT nor the
      urine and plasma findings provide a basis for definitive diagnosis of the
      patient's illness as primary OCT deficiency or as Reye's syndrome. Indeed, the
      age of the patient at onset of symptoms and the absence of any prodromal
      infection argue against the OCT deficiency being either primary or a sequel to
      Reye's syndrome. We suggest that it was secondary to mitochondrial injury caused
      by an unknown agent. Electron microscopic study of hepatocyte ultrastructure
      lends support to this view; abnormalities of the patient's mitochondria (bizarre,
      elongated shapes) do not resemble those seen in Reye's syndrome, nor have
      abnormalities been found in primary OCT deficiency.

PMID- 6823427
TI  - A new simplified technique for pediatric anorectal manometry.
AB  - Using a new simple technique that is well tolerated and rapid for assessing anal
      sphincter functions in pediatric patients with fecal incontinence and
      constipation, 86 patients with varying degrees of anorectal dysfunction were
      tested. A microtip pressure transducer was used for recording anal sphincter
      responses to rectal balloon distension. Results were obtained within 15 to 30
      minutes. In 17 patients, the internal anal sphincter showed no response or
      positive spike to balloon distension, consistent with the manometric diagnosis of
      aganglionic megacolon. These findings were confirmed by absence of ganglion cells
      on rectal biopsy. Sixty-nine children had normal internal sphincter relaxation to
      rectal distension. Ganglion cells were present in nine biopsy specimens. In the
      remaining 60 patients, no further workup of aganglionosis was necessary. There
      were no false-positive or false-negative results. This technique has proved to be
      effective for initial evaluation of infants and children with constipation and
      encopresis.

PMID- 6823426
TI  - Cancer mortality following cardiac catheterization: a preliminary follow-up study
      on 4,891 irradiated children.
AB  - A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the risk of radiation-induced
      cancer mortality following cardiac catheterization. The study included 4,891
      children with congenital heart disease who were assessed by cardiac
      catheterization during 1946 to 1968 at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
      The cohort was matched against the Ontario cancer death file from 1950 to 1975.
      The average period of follow-up was 13 years and more than 66,000 person-years
      have been accrued from the cohort. No deaths from breast cancer or thyroid cancer
      were identified. Five cancer deaths were observed and compared with 4.8 expected
      deaths based on Ontario cancer death rates. The five cancer deaths resulted from
      three leukemias, one Wilms' tumor, and one unspecified nervous system tumor. The
      preliminary findings did not demonstrate a significant leukemia risk arising from
      diagnostic cardiac catheterizations. Continued follow-up of this cohort is
      required to evaluate the risk of breast and thyroid cancers which can occur more
      than 20 years following radiation exposure.

PMID- 6823428
TI  - Familial Hirschsprung's disease and type D brachydactyly: a report of four
      affected males in two generations.
AB  - Hirschsprung's disease usually occurs as an isolated malformation as a result of
      multifactorial causation. A family in which four males (two brothers and two
      maternal uncles) had Hirschsprung's disease and absence or hypoplasia of the
      nails and distal phalanges of the great toe and thumb (type D brachydactyly) is
      described. Hand abnormalities were not present in any other family members, and
      the obligate heterozygous females were without gastrointestinal problems. The
      pattern of inheritance was consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance;
      however, autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance in females or
      multifactorial causation could not be completely excluded.

PMID- 6823429
TI  - Association of genital mycoplasmas with exudative vaginitis in a 10 year old: a
      case of misdiagnosis.
AB  - A 10-year-old girl with a 1-year history of lower genitourinary tract symptoms
      suggestive of bacterial infection but with numerous negative urine cultures was
      referred to the University of Alabama urology clinic after empirical treatment
      with multiple antibiotics failed to resolve her symptoms. An extensive urologic
      evaluation revealed no structural or physiologic abnormalities, but an exudative
      vaginitis was noted and large numbers of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma
      hominis were isolated from the lower genital tract. Cultures for Chlamydia,
      viruses, and routine bacterial pathogens were negative. After initiation of
      tetracycline therapy, symptoms resolved and subsequent cultures for mycoplasmas
      were negative. In addition, a seroconversion was noted for M hominis but not for
      U urealyticum. Chlamydia serology was negative. It was later learned that the
      patient had been sexually molested just prior to the onset of symptoms. This case
      illustrates the necessity of early consideration of a mycoplasmal etiology in the
      patient with persistent genitourinary symptoms and no obvious bacterial pathogen,
      or in the patient whose condition is refractory to routine antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6823430
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a mother and
      daughter.
AB  - A mother and daughter with Campylobacter jejuni-associated hemolytic-uremic
      syndrome (HUS) are discussed. The mother was hospitalized with bloody diarrhea
      and HUS; C jejuni was isolated from her stool. The 2-year-old daughter had been
      admitted five days prior to her mother with HUS following a three-day prodrome of
      vomiting and diarrhea. Multiple stool cultures were negative for enteric
      pathogens; however, cultures were not obtained until the eighth hospital day and
      after antibiotic therapy. Extensive investigation failed to identify another
      cause for the diarrheal illness or HUS in our patients. Indirect
      immunofluorescent antibody titers for C jejuni were 1:32 and 1:16 for the mother
      and daughter, respectively. An asymptomatic 9-month-old son had C jejuni isolated
      from his stool and had an immunofluorescent antibody titer of 1:64. Three other
      family members were asymptomatic, stool-culture negative, and had
      immunofluorescent antibody titers less than or equal to 1:4. The susceptibility
      to develop HUS following an enteric antigenic stimulus is illustrated by the
      patients presented. The need for systematic investigation of all HUS cases for
      potential susceptibility markers, as well as an exhaustive etiologic search, is
      emphasized.

PMID- 6823431
TI  - Language development in a group of very low-birth-weight children whose
      postauricular myogenic response was tested in infancy.
AB  - A new instrument for the detection of the postauricular myogenic (PAM) response
      was used to test the hearing of 106 infants weighing less than or equal to 1,500
      g when they were aged 1 to 21 months. Eighty-eight infants showed a positive
      response at 60 dB hearing level (HL) (normal). The other 18 did not respond; four
      were found to have sensory neural hearing loss and another six had conductive
      loss due to secretory otitis media. Of the 106 children, 90 aged 2 years or more
      (mean 27 months) were living in the United Kingdom, and their language
      development was assessed. It was normal in 67/75 children whose PAM response had
      been normal in infancy. The remaining eight children with normal PAM responses in
      infancy, had language delay. All eight children had problems that were thought to
      account for the delay, including three with mental retardation, three with
      cerebral palsy, and two whose families did not speak English. Language
      development was normal in 11/15 children tested whose PAM responses had been
      found to be abnormal, including all six whose secretory otitis media had been
      diagnosed and treated at the time of the PAM test. Delay in language development
      was found in 3/4 children with sensory neural hearing loss who were available for
      testing and in one child with overall developmental delay. It is concluded that a
      positive PAM response at 60 dB HL in infancy indicated hearing adequate for the
      development of normal speech in otherwise normal children among a group of
      infants at high risk of hearing loss.

PMID- 6823432
TI  - Speech and language development in 41 children with sex chromosome anomalies.
AB  - Forty-one children with sex chromosome anomalies identified from the chromosome
      screening of a newborn population were blindly evaluated by a speech-language
      pathologist, along with a control group of 31 siblings. 47,XXX girls and 47,XXY
      boys were found to have increased problems in auditory perception, receptive
      language, and expressive language; the problems of the 47,XXY boys were less
      severe than those of the 47,XXX group, and reflected specific deficits in their
      ability to process linguistic information rather than a deficit in comprehension.
      An increased occurrence of speech production problems among the 45,X girls was
      associated with the presence of oral/structural malformations that often had no
      measurable effect on their production of speech sounds. Although the 45,X girls
      and 47,XYY boys had no significant increase of problems in auditory reception,
      receptive language, and expressive language, the trend of the data suggested more
      difficulty than in the control groups. The mosaic children were not different
      from the control subjects. Some children in all groups were found to have normal
      speech and language development.

PMID- 6823434
TI  - A minicomputer-based perinatal/neonatal telecommunications network.
AB  - A minicomputer-based telecommunications network has been developed to link all of
      the state's nine tertiary neonatal intensive care units in order to provide
      information on availability of neonatal and maternal beds. The information is
      updated automatically on computer terminals located in each neonatal intensive
      care unit every two hours by a complete system poll (350 polls per month). This
      information has been found to be accurate 95% of the time. Through a computer
      simulation, this network is shown to provide a significant reduction (P less than
      .0005) in the number of referral telephone calls, and thus the time, required to
      locate a bed within the state for obstetric or pediatric patients needing
      transfer. In addition, this network has provided a data base to aid in local,
      regional, and statewide planning for perinatal facilities. A 6-month summary of
      the data indicated that for 16% of the system polls, less than two neonatal
      intensive care units could accept outside referrals, demonstrating frequent
      severe statewide restrictions for care of high-risk patients. The total operating
      budget for the most recent fiscal year was less than +25,000, which is far less
      than that of manual 24-hour central telephone operator systems providing similar
      services. This telecommunications network is a cost-effective answer to the
      common problem of limited regional perinatal resources.

PMID- 6823435
TI  - Congenital leukemia: two transient regressions without treatment in one patient.

PMID- 6823433
TI  - Cow's milk proteins cause infantile colic in breast-fed infants: a double-blind
      crossover study.
AB  - Sixty-six mothers of 66 breast-fed infants with infantile colic were put on a
      diet free from cow's milk. The colic disappeared in 35 infants; it reappeared on
      at least two challenges (cow's milk to mother) in 23 infants (35%). A double
      blind crossover trial with cow's milk whey protein was performed in 16 of these
      23 mothers and infants. Six infants had to be taken out of the study for various
      reasons; of the remaining ten infants, nine reacted with colic after their
      mothers' intake of whey protein-containing capsules. Sequential analysis showed a
      high correlation between infantile colic in breast-fed infants and their mothers'
      consumption of cow's milk protein. A diet free of cow's milk is suggested for the
      mothers as a first trial of treatment of infantile colic in breast-fed infants.

PMID- 6823437
TI  - Cancer risks following diagnostic radiation exposure.

PMID- 6823438
TI  - Prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus infection from mothers to infants in the
      United States.

PMID- 6823436
TI  - High frequency ventilation for immature infants. Report of a conference, March 2
      4, 1982.

PMID- 6823439
TI  - Aspirin consumption and severity of Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 6823440
TI  - Italian surgeons can be intimidated by facts.

PMID- 6823441
TI  - Cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6823442
TI  - Doppler-pulsatility index.

PMID- 6823443
TI  - Vaginal hygiene of girls seen in well child care visits.

PMID- 6823444
TI  - Treatment of choking.

PMID- 6823446
TI  - [Experiences from the Scandinavian labor market for physicians: need for
      coordination in postgraduate education].

PMID- 6823445
TI  - Should screening programs be perfect?

PMID- 6823447
TI  - [Postgraduate education of the Scandinavian physicians today and tomorrow].

PMID- 6823448
TI  - [Choice of procedures in diagnosis: Diagnosis as a probability concept].

PMID- 6823449
TI  - [Arguing in a circle, or: the vicious circle].

PMID- 6823451
TI  - [Clinical microbiology in developing countries. Experiences from Addis Abeba].

PMID- 6823450
TI  - [Facial paralysis--a review].

PMID- 6823452
TI  - Amphetamines and leukocytosis. A possible association.
AB  - An increased incidence of leukocytosis and statistically significant elevations
      of both median and mean white blood cell counts were found in a small series of
      patients who presented to an emergency department with nonspecific complaints
      after amphetamine use. These findings suggest the possibility of an association
      between amphetamines and increased leukocyte counts, which would most likely be
      due to a mechanism the same as or similar to that responsible for stress
      leukocytosis, which can be seen with epinephrine administration or stress in
      general. Before such an association can be considered in any patient, other
      causes of leukocytosis, especially infection, must be carefully excluded.

PMID- 6823453
TI  - Sexual side effects of antihypertensive drugs. Treatment strategies and
      strictures.
AB  - Although not all sexual dysfunctions in patients receiving an antihypertensive
      medication are attributable to the drug, many are. The author advocates accepting
      a patient's report of such dysfunction without challenge, and assuming, at least
      initially, that the drug is at fault. He has found that systematic modification
      of the drug regimen eliminates the side effect or reduces its severity in most
      cases.

PMID- 6823454
TI  - Basal cell epithelioma. Types, treatment methods, and prognosis.
AB  - Basal cell epithelioma (BCE) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. Primary BCE
      (ie, previously untreated) can be satisfactorily treated by a variety of methods,
      including curettage with electrodesiccation, scalpel excision, cryosurgery, and
      radiotherapy. Cure rates approach 98%. Recurrent BCE is much more difficult to
      treat and deserves particularly aggressive therapy, such as chemosurgery.

PMID- 6823455
TI  - Jaw claudication. Its value as a diagnostic clue.
AB  - Jaw claudication accompanies relatively few disorders, but it may be an important
      presenting feature that heralds serious underlying disease. In temporal
      arteritis, for example, jaw claudication rather than the classic finding of
      unilateral lancinating headache may be the distinguishing symptom. In the case
      reported here, jaw claudication was a prominent symptom for five months in a
      black woman. Temporomandibular joint disease can produce pain similar to that of
      jaw claudication, as can rheumatoid arthritis involving the temporomandibular
      joint in the elderly. Myasthenia gravis closely mimics jaw claudication, and
      parotid tumors can produce similar pain. Atherosclerotic narrowing of the
      external carotid artery proximal to the origins of the facial and maxillary
      branches is a rare cause of jaw claudication. Recognition of the importance of
      jaw claudication can lead to early identification of the underlying disease and
      quick initiation of therapy to avoid serious complications.

PMID- 6823456
TI  - Podiatry's role in health care. It's time to examine the shibboleths.

PMID- 6823458
TI  - The cost of living.

PMID- 6823457
TI  - Immunization. Around the world in 80 shots.
AB  - Physicians counseling patients who are planning major travels should make sure
      that baseline immunizations (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, measles,
      rubella) and any necessary boosters are current. In addition, several other
      immunizations may be warranted (yellow fever, typhoid, and cholera), depending on
      destination(s) and itinerary, and prophylaxis for malaria may be advisable. As
      worldwide requirements for immunization do change, the physician should verify
      current requirements before planning an immunization schedule for a particular
      patient.

PMID- 6823459
TI  - Vulvovaginal disorders. A four-article symposium.

PMID- 6823460
TI  - Dyspareunia of vulvo-vaginal origin. Causes and management.
AB  - Difficult or painful coitus is a symptom, not a pathologic entity. It may be
      caused by a congenital anomaly, an organic lesion, or a functional disorder of
      the vulva or vagina, or it may be psychic in origin. Although its cause can
      usually be determined relatively easily, a conditioned reflex created by a
      preexisting organic lesion, an anatomic malformation, or a deep-seated
      psychogenic problem producing fear of or aversion to sexual contact may tax the
      examiner's diagnostic ability. Reassurance, sexual counseling, deconditioning by
      vaginal dilation, and psychotherapy help most patients overcome dyspareunia.
      Surgery for the correction of congenital anomalies or the removal of organic
      lesions is sometimes required, but diligent evaluation to exclude a psychogenic
      factor for dyspareunia is first advisable.

PMID- 6823461
TI  - Evaluation of dyspnea. Is it really present and, if so, why?
AB  - Subacute or chronic dyspnea can be one of the most difficult complaints to
      evaluate. Dyspnea may represent the complaint of a person who is poorly fit, one
      who is suffering from anxiety or from some organic dysfunction, or one who is
      looking for secondary gain. The objectives in evaluating these patients are to
      determine that dyspnea is truly present and, if it is, to diagnose the specific
      cause so appropriate treatment can be undertaken. Often a good general evaluation
      is definitive enough to direct the clinician to specific tests that reveal the
      underlying cause of dyspnea. Some patients, however, require specialized tests
      both to confirm dyspnea and to indicate specific organic dysfunction.

PMID- 6823462
TI  - Legionnaires' disease. Clinical and pathologic features and current management.
AB  - "New" diseases continue to crop up. One of the most spectacular of these is
      Legionnaires' disease, first diagnosed after an epidemic in Philadelphia in 1976.
      Analysis of stored serums, however, has shown the causative agent, Legionella
      pneumophila, to be the culprit in epidemics of pneumonia occurring as early as
      1947. The disease has a spectrum of presentations ranging from a self-limited
      syndrome of myalgias and nonproductive cough with a 24-hour incubation period to
      a severe pneumonia with diarrhea and delirium and up to 30% mortality. Therapy
      consists of erythromycin with or without rifampin. One reviewer said, "I found Dr
      Francke's article . . . to be an informative treatise on a fascinating subject."

PMID- 6823463
TI  - Legionnaires' disease. A report of three cases of varying severity.

PMID- 6823464
TI  - Thyroid replacement therapy. Guidelines for use in therapy and diagnosis.

PMID- 6823465
TI  - Help stamp out Caucasian females.

PMID- 6823467
TI  - Myofascial origins of low back pain. 3. Pelvic and lower extremity muscles.
AB  - Gluteal, pelvic, and lower extremity muscles are common sites of origin of
      myofascial low back pain. Trigger points (TPs) in the gluteus maximus and medius
      muscles refer pain locally to the gluteal and sacral regions, while those in the
      gluteus minimus are likely to refer pain down the lower extremity as far as the
      ankle on the same side. TPs in intrapelvic muscles refer pain chiefly to the
      pelvic region. Besides producing referred myofascial pain, TPs in the piriformis
      muscle can cause symptoms of entrapment of the peroneal portion or all of the
      sciatic nerve. TPs in the soleus muscle may refer pain to the sacroiliac joint.

PMID- 6823466
TI  - Management of the solitary breast mass.

PMID- 6823468
TI  - Lateral dominance in children with learning disabilities.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of lateral dominance
      problems in a sample of children with learning disabilities. Ninety-one children
      (62 boys, 29 girls) who attended a school for children with learning disabilities
      were selected for the study. The Harris tests of lateral dominance were
      administered individually, and the children were rated as having right, left, or
      mixed dominance for hand, eye, and foot. When compared with normative data on
      dominance in children, the results showed that the occurrence of mixed hand
      dominance was no more frequent, the occurrence of mixed eye dominance was less
      frequent, and the occurrence of mixed foot dominance was more frequent in the
      children with learning disabilities. Results also showed that the occurrence of
      mixed and crossed eye-hand dominance was significantly different in children with
      learning disabilities when compared with children without learning disabilities.
      However, the occurrence of mixed eye-hand dominance was found to be significantly
      greater in children without learning disabilities than in learning disabled
      children. Age and sex were not found to affect the occurrence of lateral
      dominance problems in children with learning disabilities.

PMID- 6823469
TI  - Motor proficiency in children with psychosis.
AB  - Twenty-one children, aged 8 to 11 years, whose disorders were diagnosed as
      childhood psychosis, were tested by using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor
      Proficiency. In addition, two reflex tests, one righting reaction, and a test for
      muscle tone were administered. The children showed large variations in all motor
      skill scores, which ranged from average to far below average. Total test battery
      scores indicated all children but one scored at or below the first percentile of
      the standardized sample. Delayed reflex integration and delayed mature righting
      reactions were observed and in some cases were associated with low motor test
      scores. Hypotonicity was observed in 12 of the 21 children. Results indicate that
      for children with psychoses, early intervention is important and carefully
      planned motor and reflex integration programs should be applied.

PMID- 6823472
TI  - Muscle mechanics and pathomechanics. Their clinical relevance.
AB  - This article reviews pertinent mechanical characteristics of the human
      musculotendinous unit. Contractile and elastic elements of muscle are discussed,
      primarily in relationship to their length-tension and force-velocity properties.
      Evidence from a variety of recent studies of muscle function and dysfunction is
      presented. Clinical implications for physical therapy practice are discussed, and
      examples of pathological conditions are cited. A primary conclusion reached is
      that the degree and duration of muscle elongation are important factors in
      immobilization and important considerations in therapeutic programs.

PMID- 6823471
TI  - Measurement in physical therapy. On the rules for assigning numerals to
      observations.
AB  - This paper discusses certain issues of theory, concept, definition, and method in
      measurement that are of concern to physical therapy. The topics discussed include
      the place of measurement in science, definitions of measurement, direct and
      indirect measurement, the logical requirements of measurement, scales of
      measurement, precision and accuracy, and reliability and validity. Comments
      pertinent to physical therapy are included in the discussion, and the issues are
      summarized by a look at the complex problems of using EMG for measurement of
      muscle activity.

PMID- 6823470
TI  - Effect of electromyographic biofeedback on an isometric strengthening program.
AB  - An evaluation was carried out of the strength gains after a 19-day training
      program that consisted of isometric exercise coupled with electromyographic
      biofeedback to the knee extensor muscles. The subjects were 30 female
      undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The
      experimental group performed isometric exercise and received electromyographic
      biofeedback, another group performed isometric exercise without receiving
      biofeedback, and the control group performed no exercises other than the pretest
      and posttest. The combination of biofeedback and isometric exercise was shown to
      produce greater gains in peak torque than isometric exercise alone over a 19-day
      training period. The authors believe that this study may provide a strong
      rationale for the clinical use of biofeedback.

PMID- 6823473
TI  - Electric wheelchair propulsion using a hand control in C4 quadriplegia. A case
      report.

PMID- 6823475
TI  - Growth activity in human septal cartilage: age-dependent incorporation of labeled
      sulfate in different anatomic locations.
AB  - Growth activity in different areas of human septal cartilage was measured by the
      in vitro incorporation of 35S-labeled NaSO4 into chondroitin sulfate. Septal
      cartilage without perichondrium was obtained during rhinoplasty from 36 patients
      aged 6 to 35 years. It could be shown that the anterior free end of the septum
      displays high growth activity in all age groups. The supra-premaxillary area
      displayed its highest growth activity during prepuberty, showing thereafter a
      continuous decline during puberty and adulthood. A similar age-dependent pattern
      in growth activity was found in the caudal prolongation of the septal cartilage.
      No age-dependent variations could be detected in the posterior area of the septal
      cartilage.

PMID- 6823474
TI  - Supervised versus independent student laboratories.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if classroom laboratory time could be
      reduced in a basic physical agents course. Fifty-seven junior physical therapy
      students were randomly assigned to three laboratory sections. All students
      received identical lectures, demonstrations, course materials, and laboratory
      manuals. The control group, Section 1, received supervision and assistance during
      laboratory practice. Students in Section 2 and Section 3 worked independent of
      instructor supervision but could receive assistance from the instructor in an
      adjacent room. Students in Section 2 were provided with feedback following
      periodic assessment by the instructor. Attitudinal questionnaire responses
      indicated that the students preferred the supervised laboratory section. The
      presence of the instructor during classroom laboratory practice of basic physical
      agents did not affect student performance. Comparison of written and practical
      examination results indicated no significant differences in student performance.
      Classroom laboratory time for faculty and students was reduced when students
      worked independently.

PMID- 6823476
TI  - A randomized comparison of triangular and rotation-advancement unilateral cleft
      lip repairs.
AB  - We prospectively and randomly compared triangular and rotation-advancement
      unilateral cleft lip repairs in 35 patients. The most significant difference
      between the two repairs noted in this series was a greater frequency of
      hypertrophic scars following rotation-advancement repairs. The overall appearance
      of the lip and nose postoperatively was the same in both groups.

PMID- 6823477
TI  - A review of 236 cleft palate patients treated with dynamic muscle sphincter.

PMID- 6823478
TI  - In favor of healing by secondary intention after excision of medial canthal basal
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6823479
TI  - An investigation of bacteremia during rhinoplasty.
AB  - The rarity of infection after rhinoplasty is not well understood. Despite the
      apparent low incidence of this complication, many surgeons administered
      perioperative antibiotics to prevent infection. We studied whether a bacteremia
      composed of nasal flora can originate during rhinoplasty. Fifty-two health
      patients admitted for rhinoplasty were studied. Blood and nasal cultures were
      drawn immediately before operation and blood cultures 5 and 15 minutes after
      completion of the nasal osteotomies. With the exception of one instance of likely
      contamination, none of the blood cultures grew microorganisms. Neither local nor
      systemic infections occurred in any patient. The negative results of this study
      suggest an exceedingly low incidence of bacteremia during rhinoplasty. For this
      reason, the value of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is questionable.

PMID- 6823481
TI  - Refinements of reduction mammaplasty.

PMID- 6823480
TI  - Head and neck reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap:
      anatomic observations and report of 60 cases.
AB  - The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can be employed successfully in head and
      neck reconstruction when the size or nature of the defect precludes the use of
      local or regional flaps. Generous amounts of hairless skin and muscle may be
      transferred in one operative procedure while producing an acceptable donor
      defect. Certain measures may be taken to enhance dependability of the flap and
      minimize complications, and these are discussed. The Doppler flowmeter is helpful
      in ascertaining patency of the main-flap vessels preoperatively as well as in
      identifying specific cutaneous perforators for accurate placement of the island.
      Locating the paddle two-thirds of the way down the muscle ensures adequate blood
      supply and sufficient pedicle length for most defects between the thoracic outlet
      and the roof of the orbits.

PMID- 6823482
TI  - Nonhealing leg and foot wounds resulting from correctable arterial occlusion.

PMID- 6823483
TI  - Dysplastic nevus syndrome (B-K mole syndrome).
AB  - Six cases of dysplastic nevus syndrome were diagnosed at this institution. Two
      cases of the familial form of the dysplastic nevus syndrome (B-K mole syndrome)
      are discussed in detail to demonstrate the clinical pattern and variance of the
      genetic expressivity. The reader is also alerted to the possibility of a melanoma
      occurring in a clinically nonaffected offspring, as a de novo melanoma.
      Recommendation for comparative photographic documentation and possibly improved
      means of treatment are discussed.

PMID- 6823485
TI  - Resident recruiting, patient care, and problem solving: threats from within.

PMID- 6823484
TI  - Clinical use of nerve stimulation and recording techniques.
AB  - The use of nerve stimulating and recording techniques intraoperatively
      contributes to clinical assessment of peripheral nerve injuries in certain
      reconstructive procedures. Unfortunately, the electrical technology required to
      perform these tests often discourages the clinician from its common usage. Twenty
      two patients were studied. Eight patients had stimulation only of motor or
      sensory fascicles performed to enhance alignment. In 14 patients, stimulation and
      recording techniques were utilized to evaluate neuroma incontinuities or brachial
      plexus injuries. In 5 of these 14 patients, the intraoperative determinations
      altered or aided the surgical management. The parameters of electrical safety,
      estimated costs, and illustrated clinical applications are outlined.

PMID- 6823486
TI  - Congenital auricular cleft.
AB  - We have reported on a patient with a congenital auricular deformity in whom the
      cleft was between the helix and the earlobe. This is an extremely rare situation.
      We have named it congenital auricular cleft, because the case we described is
      different from congenital cleft earlobe in terms of position of the cleft.

PMID- 6823487
TI  - A serious complication following medical-grade silicone injection of the face.
AB  - A serious complication following MDX4-4011 Dow-Corning silicone for injection to
      the face is reported. The patient developed inflammatory lesions 11 years after
      her last silicone injection for what was felt to be Weber-Christian disease. The
      patient also had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and a questionable history
      of mycoplasm infection. She eventually required excision of the right facial area
      with flap reconstruction. There is at least one other investigator who has had
      inflammatory complications following silicone injection to a patient with Weber
      Christian disease. For these reasons, caution in using liquid silicone in
      patients who might have Weber-Christian disease is recommended.

PMID- 6823488
TI  - Decreased swimming speed following augmentation mammaplasty.

PMID- 6823491
TI  - Adjustable dynamic external splint for control of first web contracture.
AB  - A method is presented to overcome problems of first web space contracture by
      means of a dynamic, continuously adjustable, wedge-shaped splint. The device is
      easily constructed of inexpensive material by physician or hand therapist. The
      splint is custom-tailored to the individual patient and is lightweight and
      comfortable, promoting good patient compliance. Its continuously adjustable
      nature maximizes its effects throughout therapy, and the even distribution of the
      pressure makes for a high surface area of patient/splint contact for even
      pressure distribution and eliminates the problems of skin necrosis, even with
      lengthy applications.

PMID- 6823489
TI  - Aspergillus colonization associated with bilateral silicone mammary implants.
AB  - A case of Aspergillus niger fungal colonization associated with bilateral
      inflatable silicone mammary implants is reported. Painful fibrous capsular
      contractures without clinical evidence of infection or inflammation characterized
      the presenting symptoms. Operative findings included a cheesy-white exudate that
      surrounded the implants and turbid fluid within the implants. All specimens
      yielded a heavy growth of Aspergillus niger. Special stains of the fibrous
      capsules were negative for fungal invasion. The etiology and pathogenesis of
      Aspergillus colonization in this patient are postulated.

PMID- 6823490
TI  - Hair-bearing neck flap for upper-lip reconstruction in the male.
AB  - Reconstruction of the upper lip resulting in a hair-bearing area and a non-hair
      bearing lining is described in two cases of full-thickness lip defects. A
      unipedicled neck flap was used in one case and a bipedicled neck flap in the
      other, both comprised of hair-bearing and adjacent non-hair-bearing areas. The
      neck flap has the advantages of providing the two layers of the lip, and the
      reconstructed lip is not too thick and is mobile and pliable, and the hair
      resembles lip hair in color, density, and quality. The multiple operative
      procedures can be performed under local anesthetic.

PMID- 6823492
TI  - Intraoperative photography utilizing a fiberoptic-illuminated boom camera.

PMID- 6823494
TI  - Capsular contracture in a diabetic patient.

PMID- 6823495
TI  - Capsular contracture.

PMID- 6823493
TI  - Free flap - contradictio in adjecto.

PMID- 6823498
TI  - Design concepts for the nasolabial flap.

PMID- 6823496
TI  - Inflatable breast implants.

PMID- 6823499
TI  - A plea to teach septal surgery to plastic surgical residents.

PMID- 6823497
TI  - Steroids in breast implants.

PMID- 6823501
TI  - Intraoral stabilization of the endotracheal tube.

PMID- 6823500
TI  - Pseudomonas after nasal and facial surgery.

PMID- 6823502
TI  - Neutron quality parameters versus energy below 4 MeV from microdosimetric
      calculations.
AB  - Charged-particle production by neutrons and the resulting energy-deposition
      spectra in micron-sized spheres of tissue of varying diameters were calculated
      from thermal energies to 4 MeV. These data were used to obtain dose-average
      values of several quality-indicating parameters as functions of neutron energy
      and of tissue sphere diameter. The contrast among the parameters is shown and
      discussed. Applications are made to two neutron spectra, one a fission spectrum
      in air and the other a moderated spectrum at the center of an irradiated cube of
      water.

PMID- 6823505
TI  - Investigation of circular asymmetry in cancer mortality of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
      A-bomb survivors.
AB  - Data on Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors are used to investigate, for each
      city, possible circular asymmetry in cancer mortality around the hypocenter.
      Using the Cox regression method and controlling for age ATB, sex, followup year,
      distance from the hypocenter, and type of shielding, it is found that in
      Hiroshima cancer mortality was significantly higher in the westerly direction
      from the hypocenter. Mortality from stomach cancer, leukemia, and colon cancer
      were higher in the westerly direction. In Nagasaki, only lung cancer exhibited
      circular asymmetry, and was significantly higher in the westerly direction. For
      various reasons, the results tend to support the possibility of an asymmetry in
      radiation dose in Hiroshima, but not in Nagasaki. Also, possible asymmetry in
      nondose variables associated with cancer is suggested in both cities,
      particularly in variables associated with lung cancer. Indications for future
      work and implications for future dose-mortality investigations are discussed.

PMID- 6823504
TI  - Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors, report 7. Part III. incidence of
      cancer in 1959-1978, based on the tumor registry, Nagasaki.
AB  - The incidence of malignant tumors in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation
      (RERF) Life Span Study (LSS) sample in Nagasaki as revealed by the Nagasaki Tumor
      Registry was investigated for the period 1959-1978. (1) No bias in exposure
      status in data collection was revealed. Neither method of diagnosis nor reporting
      hospitals nor the frequency of "doubtful" cases differ by exposure dose. (2) The
      risk of radiogenic cancer definitely increases with radiation dose for leukemia,
      cancers of the breast, lung, stomach, and thyroid, and suggestively so for
      cancers of the colon and urinary tract and multiple myeloma. However, no increase
      is seen for cancer of the esophagus, liver, gall bladder, uterus, ovary, or
      salivary gland or for malignant lymphoma. (3) In general, the relative risks
      based on incidence, that is, on the tumor registry data, are either the same or
      somewhat higher than those based on mortality in the same years; however, the
      absolute risk estimates [excess cancer per 10(6) Person Year Rad (PYR)] are far
      higher. (4) Since A-bomb radiation in Nagasaki consisted essentially of gamma
      rays, the present report provides a good opportunity to examine the shape of the
      dose-response curve for gamma exposures. Unfortunately, statistically one cannot
      actually distinguish one model from another among a simple linear, a quadratic,
      or a linear quadratic response. Further data are obviously necessary.

PMID- 6823503
TI  - Detection of DNA single-strand breaks during the repair of UV damage in xeroderma
      pigmentosum cells.
AB  - In this investigation, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts, XP12BE, were uv
      irradiated and then incubated with cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea for 4 hr
      to inhibit the polymerase step of DNA excision repair. By alkaline elution, DNA
      single-strand breaks (SSB) were detected in XP cells with this regimen with an
      efficiency of 0.1-0.2 SSB per 10(9) daltons of DNA per J m-2. There was an
      approximately linear relation between the SSB frequency and uv dose over a range
      of 0.2 to 25 J m-2. This effect was approximately two orders of magnitude greater
      in excision-proficient normal human fibroblasts than in XP cells. These results
      support the conclusion that a low residual level of DNA excision repair occurs in
      XP group A cells and that the SSB generated during this repair can be accumulated
      with this polymerase inhibitor.

PMID- 6823507
TI  - Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. III. neutron
      exposures of 5 and 10 rad.

PMID- 6823506
TI  - AET reduces the frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice exposed to
      gamma radiation.
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to determine whether or not a radioprotective agent
      which binds to DNA and inhibits DNA damage could also provide protection against
      radiation-induced micronuclei. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with
      such an agent, 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET), or its
      solvent 15 min prior to a single 10-min exposure to 60Co gamma rays delivered at
      various dose rates. Animals were killed 24 hr after irradiation and examined for
      the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes containing micronuclei. The results
      showed a significant dose response to the irradiation for both treatments and a
      significant reduction in the frequency of micronucleated cells in the mice
      receiving the radioprotective agent.

PMID- 6823508
TI  - Energy response of CaSO4:Dy teflon TLD disk dosimeters to photons and electrons.
AB  - The photon energy response of CaSO4:Dy teflon disk dosimeters used widely in
      radiation dosimetry is computed using the energy absorption coefficient values
      for calcium, sulfur, oxygen, and carbon taken from J. H. Hubbell's tables. For
      fluorine, the energy absorption coefficients were obtained from the values given
      by F. H. Attix for CaF2 and Ca. The energy response of the radiation-monitoring
      disk for the range of 10 keV to 10 MeV, relative to air, is computed and plotted.
      The response is maximum between 20 and 30 keV and then gradually falls to a
      constant at 200 keV to 10 MeV. This computed response for different energies is
      compared with the experimental TL response of the dosimeter. The electron energy
      response of these TLD disks is computed using the stopping-power values for the
      different component elements. The electron stopping power for sulfur and calcium
      from 10 keV to 10 MeV is computed using the Bethe-Bloch formula. Those for oxygen
      and carbon are taken from the tables given by M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer. For
      fluorine, the values are computed from those for Li and LiF given in the same
      tables. This calculated response is compared with the experimental beta response
      of the TL dosimeter.

PMID- 6823509
TI  - Characterization and radiation response of a heat-resistant variant of V79 cells.
AB  - A thermoresistant variant of the established cell line V79-S171-W1 was isolated
      after treatment with nitrosoguanidine and repeated heat treatments at 42.6 to 43
      degrees C, and showed an enhanced ability to survive at 42.6, 43.5, and 44.5
      degrees C. The rates of inactivation of the normal and heat-resistant lines
      differed by approximately a factor of 2 over this temperature range. This level
      of thermoresistance was stable for the first 80 doublings, but was lost by 120
      doublings. This may have been due to a reversion to the normal V79 line since
      there was no continuous selection pressure and the thermoresistant variant, which
      was designated at HR7, had a longer average doubling time. Transient
      thermotolerance was induced in both the V79 and HR7 cells by a 10-min exposure to
      44.5 degrees C. After 3 hr incubation at 37 degrees C, both cell lines had an
      identical sensitivity to further exposure to 44.5 degrees C. Thus the long-term
      thermoresistance of the HR7 cells may be due to a permanent induction of a low
      level of thermotolerance. The (ionizing) radiation survival curves and the
      ability to repair sublethal radiation damage were identical for the
      thermoresistant variant and the parent cell line.

PMID- 6823510
TI  - The radiation inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma radiolysis were used to study the effects of
      ionizing radiations on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Hydroxyl radicals
      are considerably more effective than hydrated electrons in causing loss of
      enzymatic activity. Evidence is also presented that the free radical anions (SCN)
      .2, (Br)-.2, and (I)-.2 react with the enzyme and cause a loss of enzymatic
      activity. The results implicate the possible involvement of cysteine, tyrosine,
      and tryptophan residues in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6823511
TI  - The effects of hyperthermia on DNA replication in HeLa cells.
AB  - The extent of heat-induced inhibition of DNA replication in HeLa cells was
      assayed at temperatures between 43 and 48 degrees C. During hyperthermic exposure
      replicon initiation, as well as elongation of replicons into larger replicative
      fragment sizes, was rapidly inhibited. Elongation of nascent DNA into replicons
      continued at a normal rate for up to 45 min at 45 degrees C. Heated cells,
      replaced at 37 degrees C, elongated nascent DNA at a reduced rate and elongation
      was incomplete for up to 36 hr. Nascent DNA, not fully elongated 24 hr after
      hyperthermic exposure, was observed in replicative fragment sizes as small as
      replicons. The extent of heat-induced inhibition of DNA elongation increased with
      increasing time-temperature exposure with an activation energy of 122 kcal/mole
      of DNA. When pulsed cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for various times prior
      to heating, the extent of heat-induced inhibition of DNA elongation decreased
      with a half-time of 20-25 min, suggesting that the heat-sensitive structure is
      associated with replicative fragments having sizes less than 140-150S.

PMID- 6823513
TI  - Evaluation of the factors influencing the radiosensitivity of mouse ascites
      tumors.
AB  - Factors influencing the radiosensitivity of the newly established mouse ascites
      tumor TMT-3 line were studied. In vivo radiosensitivity of the tumor cells
      decreased with the progression of the growth phase in mice. Oxygen depletion was
      the major cause of the decreased radiosensitivity. Polarographic measurement of
      the oxygen dissolved in suspension of various cell densities suggested that high
      cell density such as in the ascites might well cause severe hypoxia. Humoral
      factors in the ascites and cell-to-cell contact had no effect on tumor cell
      radiosensitivity when the influence of the repair of potentially lethal damage
      was excluded.

PMID- 6823512
TI  - Alveolar deposition of sized particles of 239PuO2 in the mouse.
AB  - Data on the alveolar deposition of 239PuO2 particles in the mouse are presented.
      It is shown that alveolar deposition falls with increasing activity median
      aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) over the range 0.6 to 2.4 microns. In the mouse, any
      peak in alveolar deposition must occur at an AMAD of less than 1 micron.
      Information is also provided on the relative lobar concentrations (RLCs) of
      239PuO2. The RLC is greatest in the right apical lobe and increases quite sharply
      with AMAD. The RLCs of the other lobes of the right lung decline with AMAD. The
      RLC in the left lobe is relatively unaffected by AMAD.

PMID- 6823514
TI  - Effect of X irradiation on a heterotransplanted human colonic carcinoma before
      and after a change in the cellular DNA content.
AB  - A spontaneous change of cellular DNA content occurred in a hyperdiploid human
      colonic carcinoma grown in nude mice. After the change to hyperpentaploidy the
      tumor was exposed to single-dose X irradiation, and the effects on growth curves
      and on the cell cycle, determined by flow cytometric DNA analysis (FCM), were
      compared to results obtained with the tumor prior to the evolutionary event. The
      results showed that the radiation effects on growth rate and on cell kinetics had
      changed after the change in cellular DNA content. In the hyperpentaploid tumor
      the irradiation had no effect on the regrowth rate, whereas in the hyperdiploid
      tumor the postirradiation growth rate had decreased. As a consequence of the
      different effect on the regrowth rate of the tumors the growth delay was
      inadequate as a parameter for comparing the radiosensitivity. In the
      hyperpentaploid tumor the irradiation induced a partial synchronization of
      accumulated cells, whereas no synchronization effect was found in the
      hyperdiploid tumor. The redistribution time was 8-10 days for both tumors. The
      results indicate that clonal evolution may affect radiosensitivity, and that FCM
      analysis may prove to be a valuable method to provide rapid information on
      cellular synchronization and on redistribution time.

PMID- 6823515
TI  - DNA accessibility: a determinant of mammalian cell differentiation?
AB  - Rats bearing intracerebral 9L tumors were whole-brain irradiated with 1250 to
      5000 rad, and the in situ DNA repair kinetics of the undifferentiated tumor cells
      and terminally differentiated cerebellar neurons were examined by alkaline
      sucrose gradient sedimentation in zonal rotors with gradient reorienting
      capability. Biphasic repair kinetics were observed for both tumor cells and
      cerebellar neurons. Quantitation and analysis of the slow phase of the repair
      process suggest that the dividing tumor cell genome is completely accessible to
      the enzymatic repair machinery, while it is possible that the genome of the
      permanently nondividing neuron may contain a region that is inaccessible to this
      repair machinery.

PMID- 6823516
TI  - Effects of tritiated water on germ cells in medaka embryos.
AB  - Embryos of medaka, Oryzias latipes, were exposed to tritiated water and 137Cs
      gamma rays continuously from the one-cell stage until hatching (10 days at 26
      degrees C). Germ cells in the gonads of newly hatched fry were counted in
      histological sections and compared with controls. The accumulated dose for 50%
      survival of germ cells was 195 rad for tritium beta rays and 350 rad for 137Cs
      gamma rays. Female progeny were produced using Yamamoto's method. The 50%
      survival doses for female germ cells treated in a manner similar to that
      described above were 140 rad for beta rays and 305 rad for gamma rays. When
      embryos of medaka were irradiated with gamma rays below an accumulated dose of
      475 rad or treated with tritiated water at a concentration of 0.2 mCi/ml or
      lower, the dose response of the germ cells showed an exponential relationship. It
      appeared that there was no threshold or significant dose-rate effect for either
      beta or gamma rays on germ cell survival, and that tritium beta rays were more
      effective than 137Cs gamma rays in germ cell killing.

PMID- 6823517
TI  - Polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis in cells exposed to hyperthermia.
AB  - The issue of how polyamines act to sensitize cultured cells to the lethal effects
      of hyperthermia was investigated using Chinese hamster cells which were induced
      to express thermotolerance. Intracellular levels of these naturally occurring
      polycations were manipulated in certain situations by treating whole cells with
      methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      decarboxylases. Exogenous spermine as low as 100 microM in the culture media
      dramatically sensitized cells expressing thermotolerance to the lethal effects of
      subsequent 42 degrees C exposures. When thermotolerance was differentially
      induced in cultures exposed to 42.4 degrees C by varying the rate of heating from
      37 to 42.4 degrees C, the most resistant cells had the highest levels of
      intracellular spermidine and spermine. This finding was explainable in part by
      the observation that the putrescine-dependent S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      decarboxylase activity was minimally affected in cells expressing the greatest
      degree of thermotolerance. When this enzyme activity was inhibited by drug,
      lowered intracellular polyamine levels did not correspond with subsequent
      survival responses to heat. Interestingly, cultures treated with methylglyoxal
      bis-(guanylhydrazone) 24 hr previous to heat exposure showed a reduced capacity
      to express rate of heating-induced thermotolerance. Together, these results
      demonstrate that the polyamines, especially spermidine and spermine, enhance
      hyperthermia-induced cell killing by some mechanism involving the plasma
      membrane. Further, our data suggest that methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) can
      act to affect thermal responses by a mechanism(s) other than modification of
      intracellular polyamine levels.

PMID- 6823518
TI  - The effect of 2450-MHz microwave radiation during microtubular polymerization in
      vitro.
AB  - Exposure to 2450-MHz (cw) microwave radiation causes inhibition of cell division
      in intact cells and varied in vivo biological effects in both avian and mammalian
      species. Because these reported effects may result from alterations in the
      dynamics of microtubule formation, we studied the effects of simultaneous
      microwave exposure (2450 MHz, cw) during each of the three critical stages of the
      intracellar polymerization cycle. In addition, using circular dichroism
      spectroscopy, we studied the effect of microwave irradiation on the secondary
      structure of purified tubulin polypeptides. These studies were accomplished using
      specially constructed exposure systems that permit the continuous recording of
      turbidometric or circular dichroism measurements during simultaneous exposure to
      microwaves. The baseline turbidity of microtubular protein did not change under
      the influence of microwave radiation (20 or 200 mW/g SAR) and irradiation had no
      effect on the light-scattering properties of the depolymerized protein. EGTA
      induced polymerization and cold-induced depolymerization patterns were also
      similar for both control and microwave-irradiated samples. The circular dichroism
      spectrum of purified tubulin also did not appear to be influenced by microwave
      irradiation, indicating a lack of effect on the protein secondary structure. The
      data suggest that the cellular effects of microwaves are not due to changes in
      microtubular proteins or their rate of polymerization.

PMID- 6823520
TI  - Thermotherapy of VX2 rabbit carcinoma. I. Augmentation by irradiation.
AB  - An induction-type radiofrequency generator was used to heat thigh implants of the
      VX2 rabbit carcinoma. The tumor temperature could be easily raised to over 50
      degrees C, while the temperature of normal adjacent muscle generally remained at
      about 43 degrees C. The marked hypovascularity of the tumor, as demonstrated
      angiographically, probably explains this disproportionate hyperthermic reaction
      to administered heat. Twenty-five untreated rabbits succumbed to their tumors
      after a mean interval of 38 days. Of 24 rabbits with tumors heated to between 48
      and 50 degrees C for 30 to 45 min, 5 (21%) were permanently cured. Of 10 rabbits
      treated with 1000 R in a single dose, none were cured. Of 12 rabbits treated with
      1000 R, followed after 3.5 hr with 30 min of heating to 48-49 degrees C, 11 were
      locally cured. Thus a synergistic effect between hyperthermia and irradiation was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6823519
TI  - Morphine tolerance offers protection from radiogenic performance deficits.
AB  - When rats are exposed to a sufficiently large dose of ionizing radiation they
      exhibit lethargy, hypokinesia, and deficits in performance. These and other
      behavioral changes parallel those often observed in this species after a large
      dose of morphine. Since the release of endogenous opiates has been implicated in
      some stress reactions, we sought to determine if they might play a part in
      radiogenic behavioral deficits. Rats were trained to criterion on a signaled
      avoidance task. Some subjects were then implanted with a pellet containing 75 mg
      of morphine. Other animals received placebo implants. Over a number of days,
      morphine tolerance was evaluated by measurement of body temperature changes.
      Prior to 2500 rad 60Co exposure or sham irradiation, morphine (or placebo)
      pellets were removed. Twenty-four hours later rats were retested to assess their
      performance on the avoidance task. Morphine-tolerant subjects performed
      significantly better than the irradiated placebo-implanted group and no
      differently than morphine-tolerant/sham-irradiated animals. Morphine tolerance
      seems to provide a degree of behavioral radiation resistance. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous opiate hyperexcretion may play
      some part in the behavioral deficits often observed after irradiation.

PMID- 6823523
TI  - Genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 6823524
TI  - Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness.

PMID- 6823522
TI  - On the pathways of neural development.

PMID- 6823528
TI  - Some perspectives from population genetics.

PMID- 6823526
TI  - Genetic control of developmental antigens.

PMID- 6823521
TI  - Hypoxic cell radiosensitization by moderate hyperthermia and glucose deprivation.
AB  - Cell culture studies were carried out to determine whether moderate hyperthermia
      reduces the oxygen enhancement ratio of cells under well-defined cultural
      conditions. Using asynchronously growing HeLa cells, the OER of cells with and
      without glucose was determined following exposure of cells to moderate
      hyperthermia, 40.5 degrees C for 1 hr, immediately after X irradiation. The OER
      of cells with 5 mM glucose was 3.2, whereas the OER of glucose-deprived cells was
      reduced to 2.0. The pH of the cell culture medium was kept at 7.4 throughout the
      experiments. The present finding may provide a clue toward further enhancing the
      radiosensitization of hypoxic cells by heat.

PMID- 6823525
TI  - Dominant ataxias.

PMID- 6823527
TI  - Genetics of neuronal form.

PMID- 6823529
TI  - [Phlebography of the upper extremity: assessment of various x-ray signs].
AB  - The article reports on the findings obtained in 56 serial phlebographies of the
      upper extremity. Using 17 phlebographies without pathological findings as basis,
      the physiological phenomena of venous contrasting in the region of the shoulder
      and arm are examined. The remaining phlebograms with pathological findings are
      assessed according to different criteria, such as localisation and extent of
      venous vascular occlusion, visualisation of vascular clot and formation of
      collaterals resulting in collateral circulation.

PMID- 6823531
TI  - [Osteolytic and osteoplastic changes in the base of the skull in computerized
      tomography].
AB  - Computerized tomography of the base of the skull has gained importance due to
      improved spatial resolution. In spite of lesser resolution than with conventional
      x-rays, it offers a great deal of additional information, based on the axial view
      and the method of digital image manipulation with subsequent examination at the
      independent viewing console. With increasing experience, the information gained
      from CT in these cases has proved superior to the results of conventional
      tomography.

PMID- 6823530
TI  - [Transcatheteral embolization with polyvinyl alcohol--technic and experimental
      studies].
AB  - The article presents hardened polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA) as embolisation
      material. PVA is well tolerated by the tissue and produces permanent vascular
      sealing. It is possible to achieve peripheral embolisation of arteries having a
      diameter of approx. 100 microns, as well as sealing of vessels with diameter of
      up to 8 mm. Pressed PVA is used for occluding larger vessels. This PVA re-assumes
      its original shape and dimensions in liquids, depending on their osmolarity and
      molecular size. Depending upon the pressure exercised, compression and re
      expansion can be fourfold to tenfold.

PMID- 6823532
TI  - [Methods for the determination of the tube voltage in diagnostic radiology].
AB  - The roentgenologist is often confronted with the problem of checking on the
      proper adjustment of the tube voltage as part of quality control of medical x-ray
      equipment, either when it is in the process of installation or when servicing is
      required. The article describes a few non-invasive methods which differ from each
      other in respect of cost, effort and accuracy. With increased precision of
      voltage determination, the cost of the measuring instrument also increases, and
      in some cases the total amount of equipment and effort as well. However, the few
      relatively simple methods can also be employed with satisfactory results.

PMID- 6823533
TI  - [Spontaneous perforation of a syphilitic aneurysm of the aortic arch into the
      pulmonary artery].
AB  - An aortopulmonary fistula in case of a bag-shaped aneurysm of the aortic arch is
      demonstrated via angiography. A diagnosis to the effect that the existence of
      this phenomenon is suspected, can already be arrived at when examining the plain
      radiography of the thorax. We can say that a sign of an aortopulmonary fistula is
      represented, in case of an aneurysm of the aorta ascendens and of the arcus
      aortae, by the existence of a left-right shunt with hypercirculation in the
      pulmonary circulation, in most cases also signs of right ventricular
      insufficiency. This is often combined with a typical previous history of sudden
      dyspnea and thoracic pain. The article points out the theoretical possibility of
      balloon catheter occlusion of the fistula to relieve the acute right ventricular
      load.

PMID- 6823534
TI  - [Conventional diagnosis of lymphadenopathies--value of conventional roentgen
      examination and supplementation of other imaging technics].
AB  - The introduction of new imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and
      sonography, has not lessened the importance of conventional roentgen examinations
      of the chest as routine and screening procedures for detecting mediastinal lymph
      node disease. Precise understanding of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the
      mediastinum in conventional films is required for an early and adequate use of
      computed tomography and eventually abdominal ultrasonography as additional
      examinations. Only by this the involvement of mediastinal nodes by malignant
      lymphomas or metastases can be detected, proved and treated early. Chest films
      still are of greatest value for follow-up studies in both evident and suspected
      malignant thoracic lymph node disease.

PMID- 6823535
TI  - [1st experience with Solutrast, a new contrast medium for myelography].
AB  - Following a brief survey of myelographic results with aqueous contrast media, the
      article reports on the results obtained in 150 myelographies with the new
      contrast medium Lopamidol = Solutrast. This substance was found to be very well
      tolerated, involving low risk, and is suitable for examining the entire vertebral
      canal. The image quality is faultless.

PMID- 6823536
TI  - [Classical phases in the study of a drug in clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 6823537
TI  - [The regulation of the marketing of drugs].

PMID- 6823539
TI  - [From the development of the molecule to its commercialization].

PMID- 6823538
TI  - [Postmarketing surveillance of drugs].

PMID- 6823541
TI  - [Information on drugs in France: subjective approach].

PMID- 6823542
TI  - [Preliminary steps before the first use of a drug in man].

PMID- 6823540
TI  - [The death of a drug].

PMID- 6823543
TI  - The large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells.

PMID- 6823546
TI  - Dioxin's uncertain legacy.

PMID- 6823545
TI  - NYU's malaria vaccine: orphan at birth?

PMID- 6823544
TI  - Cell adhesion molecules.
AB  - It has been proposed that cell-cell recognition occurs by means of local cell
      surface modulation of a small number of proteins rather than by expression of
      large numbers of different cell surface markers. Several different cell adhesion
      molecules (CAM's) have now been found in a number of vertebrate species in
      different tissues such as liver and striated muscle and even in a single complex
      structure such as the brain, where different molecules specific for neurons and
      glia have been identified. The neuron-specific molecule is involved in early
      embryonic events but also mediates neurite fasciculation, neuromuscular
      interaction, and orderly layering of neural tissue. It undergoes local surface
      modulation with loss of sialic acid during development. A failure of this process
      is closely correlated with connectional disorders in the staggerer mutant of the
      mouse. The accumulated data on this and other CAM's favor modulation theories
      rather than strict chemoaffinity theories of cell-cell recognition.

PMID- 6823547
TI  - Promiscuous DNA leaps all barriers.

PMID- 6823548
TI  - Primitive ducts of renal dysplasia induced by culturing ureteral buds denuded of
      condensed renal mesenchyme.
AB  - Primitive ducts, the histological hallmark of human renal dysplasia, were induced
      in chick embryos by culturing ureteral buds denuded of condensed metanephrogenic
      mesenchyme.

PMID- 6823550
TI  - Development of the place principle: tonotopic organization.
AB  - The tonotopic organization of brainstem auditory nuclei was compared in embryonic
      and hatchling chickens. In embryos, neurons at any given position in these nuclei
      were maximally sensitive to lower frequency sounds than the best frequency after
      hatching. This finding indicates that neurons are maximally stimulated by sounds
      of different frequencies as development proceeds and supports the hypothesis that
      during development there is a change in the spatial encoding of frequency along
      the cochlea.

PMID- 6823549
TI  - Development of the place principle: acoustic trauma.
AB  - Developmental changes in the site of receptor damage following pure-tone acoustic
      overstimulation were examined in the basilar papillae of embryonic and hatchling
      chickens. During development, a systematic shift in the position of damage toward
      the apex of the cochlea was produced by each of three frequencies, suggesting
      that the transduction properties of the sensory epithelium systematically shift
      with age. These results imply that neurons in the central nervous system may be
      maximally stimulated by different sounds during development.

PMID- 6823551
TI  - Reagan's budget boosts basic research.

PMID- 6823552
TI  - Carcinogen policy at EPA.

PMID- 6823553
TI  - Attogram detection limit for aqueous dye samples by laser-induced fluorescence.
AB  - A modified flow cytometer has been used to detect attogram quantities of aqueous
      rhodamine 6G by laser-induced fluorescence analysis. A detection limit of 28
      attograms (35,000 molecules) was obtained, nearly two orders of magnitude better
      than earlier measurements. The detection limit in concentration units was 1.4 x
      10(-13) mole per liter. During the 1-second measurement period, the total volume
      sampled was 0.42 microliter. On average, only half a rhodamine 6G molecule was
      present in the 6-picoliter probed volume.

PMID- 6823555
TI  - Schizophrenia: a neurophysiological evaluation of abnormal information
      processing.
AB  - Evoked potential indices of an early and late stage of attentional processing
      were recorded from schizophrenic and normal subjects during dichotic listening
      tasks. Despite slow and inaccurate detections, the schizophrenic subjects were
      able to focus selectively to different ears but only at a fast stimulation rate,
      showing integrity of the early selective stage. They showed an abnormal late
      stage, indicating inefficiency in processing information from detected targets.
      Marked deficits at a slow stimulation rate and during divided attention suggest
      that the schizophrenic attention disorder is one of control and maintenance of a
      selective processing strategy rather than of general slowness or absence of
      selectivity.

PMID- 6823554
TI  - Independent pathways for secretion of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E by
      macrophages.
AB  - Cholesterol-loaded macrophages secrete cholesterol and apolipoprotein E. The
      current studies show that this secretion occurs by two independent pathways. In
      the absence of serum, the cells secrete apolipoprotein E, but not cholesterol. In
      the presence of monensin (an inhibitor of protein secretion), the cells secrete
      cholesterol, but little apolipoprotein E. After secretion, apolipoprotein E and
      cholesterol associate with high-density lipoprotein to form a particle that can
      deliver cholesterol to the liver by receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude
      that apolipoprotein E does not function to remove cholesterol from macrophages
      but rather to participate in "reverse cholesterol transport."

PMID- 6823556
TI  - Barbiturate-enhanced detection of brain lesions by carbon-14-labeled 2
      deoxyglucose autoradiography.
AB  - Cerebral glucose metabolism in rats was examined 1 week after the production by
      ibotenic acid of unilateral striatal lesions. The incorporation of carbon-14
      labeled deoxyglucose decreased within the lesion but much less than that of
      carbon-14-labeled glucose. Barbiturate anesthesia caused a reversal of the
      asymmetric striatal deoxyglucose labeling, such that the lesioned striatum
      retained more tracer than the contralateral side. The combined use of
      barbiturates and radiolabeled deoxyglucose may enhance the identification of
      recent brain infarction in experimental animals and in man.

PMID- 6823557
TI  - Clues to Alzheimer's disease emerge.

PMID- 6823559
TI  - Transfusions of whole blood prevent spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W
      rat.
AB  - Weekly transfusions of whole blood from a nondiabetic subline of BB/W rats
      reduced the incidence of diabetes in susceptible BB/W rats from 39 to 0 percent
      and the incidence of pancreatic insulitis from 64 to 6 percent. Responsiveness of
      lymphocytes to concanavalin A was found to be low in rats with diabetes or
      insulitis. Transfusion restored concanavalin A responsiveness to levels observed
      in control rats free of diabetes or insulitis. These data suggest that whole
      blood alters the course of autoimmune BB/W rat diabetes.

PMID- 6823558
TI  - Gene for hereditary retinoblastoma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to
      esterase D.
AB  - Evaluation of three families with hereditary retinoblastoma demonstrates close
      linkage of the gene for this tumor with the genetic locus for esterase D. These
      results assign the gene for the hereditary form of retinoblastoma to band q14 on
      chromosome 13, the same region which is affected in the chromosome deletion form
      of this eye tumor, and therefore suggest a common underlying mechanism in the
      pathogenesis of these two forms of retinoblastoma.

PMID- 6823560
TI  - Resistance to a malignant lymphoma in chickens is mapped to subregion of major
      histocompatibility (B) complex.
AB  - A genetic recombinant within the major histocompatibility (B) complex of the
      chicken has revealed the chromosomal subregion effecting resistance to Marek's
      disease--a malignant lymphoma induced by a herpesvirus. The recombinant, BF21
      G19, occurred spontaneously among the progeny of a male heterozygous for
      resistant BF21-G21 and susceptible BF19-G19 haplotypes. Exposure to Marek's
      disease of families segregating for the recombinant showed that this new F-G
      arrangement conferred a level of resistance equivalent to that of the resistant
      parental haplotype. Thus, a gene, or genes, within or closely linked to the B-F
      region of the B complex appears to be responsible for the observed resistance to
      Marek's disease.

PMID- 6823561
TI  - Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis.
AB  - Four persons developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug
      intravenously. Analysis of the substance injected by two of these patients
      revealed primarily 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with trace
      amounts of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine (MPPP). On the basis of the
      striking parkinsonian features observed in our patients, and additional
      pathological data from one previously reported case, it is proposed that this
      chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra.

PMID- 6823562
TI  - Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of
      ascites fluid.
AB  - Tumor ascites fluids from guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice contain activity that
      rapidly increases microvascular permeability. Similar activity is also secreted
      by these tumor cells and a variety of other tumor cell lines in vitro. The
      permeability-increasing activity purified from either the culture medium or
      ascites fluid of one tumor, the guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma, is a 34,000-
      to 42,000-dalton protein distinct from other known permeability factors.

PMID- 6823563
TI  - Action potentials in macrophages derived from human monocytes.
AB  - The electrical activity of macrophages derived from human blood monocytes was
      recorded in vitro with intracellular microelectrodes and was analyzed with
      computer-assisted data acquisition and analysis techniques. In cells impaled 6 to
      8 days after the cultures were prepared, the resting potentials reached a maximum
      value of -72 millivolts. The cells were electrically excitable; spikes exhibited
      a slow upstroke, a fast downstroke, a discrete threshold, a large overshoot, and
      a brief undershoot. Repetitive firing was induced by a maintained depolarizing
      current. A positive relation was observed between transmembrane currents and
      resting potential. Voltage-current relations were nonrectifying for subthreshold
      current injections. Since these cells had not been treated with any specific
      activation factors, the electrical activity recorded is evidence for the presence
      of voltage-dependent inward and outward currents in the membranes of mature
      macrophages. The electrical signals generated by these cells may be useful for
      the assay of sensor and effector functions of macrophages, such as chemotaxis,
      receptor-ligand interactions, and phagocytosis.

PMID- 6823564
TI  - Two-component hearing sensations produced by two-electrode stimulation in the
      cochlea of a deaf patient.
AB  - Dissimilarities in perception elicited by stimulation with two electrodes were
      estimated. A two-dimensional spatial configuration was found to be suitable to
      represent the dissimilarity data, and the two dimensions could be interpreted as
      corresponding to the position of the apical and basal electrode of the two
      electrode combination. A speech-processing strategy that converts acoustic, first
      and second formants to two-electrode stimulation is proposed.

PMID- 6823565
TI  - Implication of nonlinear kinetics on risk estimation in carcinogenesis.
AB  - Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to
      chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For
      chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to
      relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ
      rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between
      tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be
      linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor
      induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of
      carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility
      that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior
      which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The
      mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown
      potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear
      kinetics are present.

PMID- 6823567
TI  - Hysteresis in the force-calcium relation in muscle.
AB  - Calcium ions activate muscle contraction. The mechanism depends on the calcium
      sensitivity of the proteins that regulate contraction. Evidence is presented for
      the reverse phenomenon, where contraction modulates calcium sensitivity.
      Increasing the force level increased calcium sensitivity in intact fibers showing
      that the relation between force and calcium is not unique. A particular calcium
      concentration can maintain a higher force level than it can create. The results
      were confirmed in skinned fiber experiments. Transient reduction of the force led
      to a transient reduction in calcium binding, suggesting a simple mechanism for
      the hysteresis.

PMID- 6823566
TI  - Cloning the acetylcholine receptor genes.

PMID- 6823568
TI  - Extracts of skeletal muscle increase neurite outgrowth and cholinergic activity
      of fetal rat spinal motor neurons.
AB  - A soluble extract of rat skeletal muscle increased neurite outgrowth and
      cholinergic activity of dissociated ventral spinal neurons in culture. The
      effects were concentration-dependent, saturable, and labile in the presence of
      heat or trypsin. The morphological enhancement was produced only by skeletal
      muscle extract and decreased with developmental age, whereas the cholinergic
      enhancement was produced by extracts of cerebral cortex and cardiac and skeletal
      muscle and did not change with age. These changes were specific for ventral cord
      neurons, but no species specificity was observed with respect to the muscle
      source or the neuronal target.

PMID- 6823572
TI  - Oxygen concentrations in commercial aircraft flights.
AB  - Measurements of ambient oxygen concentrations were made in 22 commercial flights
      (707 and DC-9 aircraft) starting at an altitude of 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) with
      two oxygen analyzers, one calibrated at sea level (158.8 torr) and a second for
      Denver's altitude. Peak "pressurized cabin" altitudes ranged between 6,050 and
      8,450 feet when "cruising altitudes" varied between 29,000 and 37,000 feet. In
      the former analyzer, the lowest oxygen concentrations noted were about 15.2%
      (15.5 torr), while in the latter, they were 17.6% (133.7 torr). The possible
      dangers of temporary hypoxia to patients with cardiac, pulmonary, and hematologic
      diseases, while flying under these circumstances, are discussed.

PMID- 6823571
TI  - Free-running activity rhythms in the rat: entrainment by melatonin.
AB  - The pineal gland hormone melatonin may play a role in synchronization of rat
      circadian rhythms. Free-running activity rhythms of the rat were entrained by a
      daily melatonin injection, with entrainment occurring when the onset of activity
      coincided with the time of daily injections. When injections were stopped,
      activity rhythms became free-running again. Thus in pharmacological experiments,
      the time of day of melatonin administration is crucial.

PMID- 6823569
TI  - Human c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene on chromosome 12.
AB  - A human colonic adenocarcinoma transforming gene, recently identified as a
      cellular homolog of the Kirsten sarcoma gene (v-ras), was used to assign the
      human cellular Kirsten ras2 gene to chromosome 12 by the Southern hybridization
      method. A single 640 base-pair Eco RI--Hind III fragment of the transforming
      gene, isolated by DNA transfection and molecular cloning, can detect a single Eco
      RI fragment (2.9 kilobase pairs) of DNA from phenotypically normal cells. The
      data suggest a constant chromosomal location of c-Ki-ras2.

PMID- 6823570
TI  - Spermidine requirement for cell proliferation in eukaryotic cells: structural
      specificity and quantitation.
AB  - Six structural homologs of spermidine and five of its precursor, putrescine, were
      studied for their ability to prevent cytostasis of cultured L1210 leukemia cells
      induced by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of
      putrescine biosynthesis. High-performance liquid chromatography and competition
      studies with spermidine indicated that the homologs, which vary in the length of
      the carbon chain separating the amines, penetrated the cells. The structural
      specificity of the spermidine carrier was defined. Three of the six spermidine
      homologs supported cell growth during a 48-hour incubation in the presence of
      DFMO, indicating that a two-carbon extension of spermidine structure was
      tolerated for biological function. Two of the five putrescine homologs supported
      growth after being converted by the cells to their respective spermidine
      homologs. The central nitrogen of spermidine appears to be essential for function
      since diamines of chain length comparable to that of spermidine did not prevent
      DFMO cytostasis. No more than 15 percent of the spermidine normally present in
      L1210 cells was required for cell proliferation in the presence of DFMO.

PMID- 6823573
TI  - Nontuberculous mycobacterial trends at the Veterans Administration Medical Center
      in Oklahoma City.
AB  - Laboratory culture results, dating back to 1960, were reviewed at the Veterans
      Administration Medical Center in Oklahoma City. Nontuberculous mycobacterial
      incidence increased substantially during the 21-year period as tuberculosis
      incidence decreased. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were found to represent 13.7% of
      all mycobacterial isolates, with Mycobacterium kansasii and M intracellulare
      avium complex the predominant species. When the dates of first positive cultures
      were evaluated, a significant month-to-month variation was found in M
      tuberculosis but not nontuberculous mycobacteria, suggesting a different mode of
      transmission for the two. There was no significant difference in the racial
      distribution or age of individuals with nontuberculous mycobacteria.

PMID- 6823574
TI  - Unusual manifestations of gallstone migration into the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Eighty-one cases of mechanical small bowel obstruction were seen at our hospital
      in the three year period 1978 to 1980. Four (5%) were due to gallstone ileus,
      three of them in women. All four patients were more than 75 years of age. Because
      most patients with biliary-enteric fistulas and gallstone ileus are elderly and
      in poor general condition, simple removal of the obstruction gallstone is usually
      adequate, but interval cholecystectomy is recommended in patients with a long
      life expectancy, because recurrence of calculi and symptoms increases with time.

PMID- 6823575
TI  - Maximal use of microcomputers in anesthesiology.
AB  - Microcomputer applications in anesthesiology are increasing rapidly. All areas
      are affected: research, education, administration and clinical care. In research,
      microcomputers are accomplishing both process control and analysis, as well as
      storage of large data banks. In education, computer-aided instruction permits the
      student to progress at his own speed, while freeing instructor time for
      individual tutoring. Administrative applications produce more useful information
      and cost-control with reduced clerical effort. clinical applications offer the
      possibility of truly integrated monitoring systems that will make automated
      anesthesia records possible; eventually this will lead to computer-controlled
      anesthesia. This paper examines the "state of the art" in applications of
      microcomputers in anesthesia.

PMID- 6823576
TI  - Comparison of radionuclide imaging and ultrasonography of the liver.
AB  - Radionuclide liver scans and gray scale ultrasonography of the liver were
      compared in 456 patients with various abnormalities including normal variants,
      jaundice, abscesses, and metastatic diseases. In general the better resolution of
      sonography detected smaller and deeper focal lesions than nuclide scans, but
      nuclide studies were more informative in hepatocellular disorders. Nuclide
      studies frequently demonstrated lesions that could be further delineated by
      sonography as either cystic or solid. This ability was of particular significance
      in isolated liver lesions found during metastatic surveys.

PMID- 6823577
TI  - Aplastic anemia and red cell aplasia due to pentachlorophenol.
AB  - Repeated exposure to commercial (technical grade) pentachlorophenol (PCP)
      preceded aplastic anemia in four patients and pure red cell aplasia in two. Two
      patients developed concomitant or subsequent Hodgkin's disease and acute
      leukemia. The hematologic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effect of PCP and its
      chemical contaminants have been documented in other clinical and experimental
      reports. In view of the widespread contamination of our environment by PCP,
      clinicians and public health investigators must seek out such exposure in these
      and related disorders and initiate measures to reduce it.

PMID- 6823578
TI  - Mini-object test: a new brief clinical assessment for aphasia-apraxia-agnosia.
AB  - Primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer's disease) is characterized by
      intellectual decline with impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking.
      Also common are personality changes and disturbances of higher cortical function
      such as aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia. Standardized brief cognitive tests are
      useful for evaluating mental status, which is often limited by short attention
      span, distractibility, fatigability, mental retardation, illiteracy, and/or
      confusion. Data from 225 institutionalized patients support the mini-object test
      (MOT) as a valid, reliable, cost-effective, portable screening procedure for
      confirming the clinical diagnosis of aphasia-apraxia-agnosia associated with
      senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Further studies are needed to demonstrate
      the diagnostic value of the MOT in other dementing disorders.

PMID- 6823579
TI  - Advances in the hemodialysis management of phenobarbital overdose.
AB  - When a comatose man requiring ventilatory support for acute ingestion of
      phenobarbital was admitted to the University of Utah Hospital, he was managed by
      a multispecialty team, which included a nephrologist and a clinical
      pharmacologist. Since the patient could not be moved to the dialysis unit, a
      mobile dialysis machine was used. A negative-pressure adapter was used in
      conjunction with a batch-type dialysis machine to create a single-pass dialysate
      delivery system. Blood was delivered to the dialyzer and returned to the patient
      through bilateral femoral catheters that had been placed percutaneously.
      Pharmacokinetic studies were performed and compared to the disappearance of
      phenobarbital by conservative measures alone after the patient had awakened and
      dialysis was discontinued.

PMID- 6823580
TI  - Myocardial preservation by thrombolytic therapy during acute MI.

PMID- 6823581
TI  - Medicine is a trust.

PMID- 6823582
TI  - Aesculapian Rounds: the challenge of clinical acumen, wit, and diversity.

PMID- 6823583
TI  - Systolic flutter of the tricuspid valve associated with massive pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - We describe a patient with massive pulmonary embolism and resultant acute cor
      pulmonale and severe tricuspid incompetence. Fine systolic tricuspid valve
      flutter was detected by echocardiography during the acute phase, but the flutter
      disappeared as the patient improved clinically and the signs of tricuspid
      incompetence were no longer observed. Systolic flutter of tricuspid valve may
      serve as a useful clue in treating patients with severe tricuspid incompetence
      due to acute cor pulmonale.

PMID- 6823584
TI  - Ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction: diagnosis by two
      dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - A 69-year-old woman had ventricular septal rupture after acute anterolateral
      myocardial infarction. The defect was demonstrated directly by two-dimensional
      echocardiography. The appearance of negative contrast in the right ventricle
      during systole and microbubbles traversing the defect from right to left during
      diastole further confirmed the rupture. Two-dimensional echocardiography also
      accurately characterized the nature and extent of associated myocardial damage.

PMID- 6823585
TI  - Reestablishing continuity after the Hartmann operation: use of the EEA stapling
      device.

PMID- 6823588
TI  - New sight for young eyes.

PMID- 6823587
TI  - Rebound hypertension after low-dose clonidine withdrawal.

PMID- 6823586
TI  - Complex management of postcardiotomy delirium.

PMID- 6823589
TI  - Can society afford perinatal health care?

PMID- 6823590
TI  - Excessive fetal activity: another worrisome sign?
AB  - Documented fetal inactivity is strongly suggestive of fetal jeopardy, but the
      significance of excessive activity over a prolonged period has not been reported.
      Using data gathered from fetal movement charts recorded by 931 patients, fetal
      hyperactivity was defined statistically as 40 or more movements perceived per
      hour for at least 14 days shortly before delivery. No association between
      excessive fetal activity and premature labor or umbilical cord complications was
      found. All 47 (5%) fetuses found to be hyperactive remained vigorous during any
      trial of labor and with appropriate nursery care did well after delivery. Follow
      up examination of 24 infants between 3 and 18 months of age has revealed no
      unusual growth, developmental, or temperamental patterns. Although the reason for
      excessive fetal activity remains unclear, this finding does not appear to be a
      worrisome prognostic sign.

PMID- 6823591
TI  - Profile of phospholipids in amniotic fluid to assess fetal lung maturity in high
      risk pregnancy.
AB  - In assessing fetal lung maturity, an amniotic fluid profile, consisting of a
      total phospholipid (as phosphorus) (TPP) and total lecithin (LT) concentration,
      has been shown to yield a predictive accuracy of 97.5% with a false-negative rate
      of 2.4%. The LT had a range of specificity of 93% to 99%, whereas the one for the
      TPP was 88% to 96%. The cut-off values were 0.14 mg P/dl and 3.5 mg lecithin/dl
      of amniotic fluid. The analytical variables for laboratory tests for measuring
      amniotic fluid phospholipids led to the development of the quantitative tests
      used for this study. The proposed profile appears to offer the clinician an
      excellent means of judging how to manage the high-risk pregnancy.

PMID- 6823593
TI  - Cholecystosonography in detection of acute cholecystitis: the halo sign--a
      significant sonographic finding.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in detecting acute cholecystitis, we
      retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonic findings after cholecystectomy in 34
      patients with acute cholecystitis and 90 patients with chronic cholecystitis. The
      sonographic findings evaluated included the length and width of the gallbladder,
      thickening of the gallbladder wall, good identification of the wall, and the
      presence or absence of sludge or stone. A "halo" sign (an echo-free space around
      the gallbladder wall) was seen in 26% of the patients with acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 6823592
TI  - Home birth: negative implications derived from a hospital-based birthing suite.
AB  - Our study of 390 patients enrolled in a birthing suite program revealed that
      antepartum or intrapartum problems allowed only 160 (41%) to actually give birth
      in the birthing suite. Antepartum complications included premature labor in ten
      (2.5%), premature ruptured membranes in 31 (8%), postdatism in 50 (13%),
      preeclampsia in 27 (7%), and diabetes mellitus in five (1.3%). Intrapartum
      complications included meconium in 62 (16%), arrest of labor in 64 (16%),
      oxytocin use in 85 (22%), and fetal heart rate decelerations in 28 (7%). Two
      hundred ninety-seven births (76%) were spontaneous. Forty-two low-forceps
      deliveries (10%), 12 mid-forceps deliveries (3%), and 39 cesarean sections (10%)
      were done in the traditional labor and delivery suite. Puerperal complications
      included one uterine inversion, two cases of placenta accreta, one rectovaginal
      fistula, and two requirements of blood transfusion. Neonatal morbidity included
      22 low Apgar scores (7%), two shoulder dystocia, three cytomegalovirus
      infestations, and one lethal anomaly. Six infants had meconium aspiration, two
      with severe hypoxia. Any of these complications would overwhelm the patient in
      home birth. Intense prenatal screening may decrease some risk factors, but the
      intrapartum period was found to pose unacceptable risks for home birth in this
      population.

PMID- 6823594
TI  - Transverse colon volvulus: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Although considered rare, transverse colon volvulus (TCV) may actually comprise
      as many as 10% of all cases of colon volvulus. Correct identification clinically
      is necessary in order to reduce the high mortality. Unlike the treatment of
      sigmoid volvulus, conservative treatment of TCV is thought to be inadequate.
      Furthermore, simple proximal colostomy may lead to bowel necrosis. Bowel
      resection, rather than detorsion procedures, is advocated. The barium or
      diatrizoate enema examination can readily differentiate TCV from sigmoid and
      cecal volvulus if one pays careful attention to detail.

PMID- 6823597
TI  - Ocular melanoma: surgical experience with "no touch" enucleation.
AB  - There is a controversy among ophthalmologists concerning the management of ocular
      melanomas. The "no touch" cryoenucleation technic was designed to prevent
      dissemination of tumor emboli during enucleation. I have observed no significant
      complications in five years of experience with this technic. It is a simple,
      safe, and potentially lifesaving procedure. My method is observation of very
      small lesions compatible with melanoma until growth occurs. At the 8 to 10 mm
      size or larger, "no touch" cryoenucleation is used provided the fellow eye is
      seeing.

PMID- 6823596
TI  - Arterial oxygen saturation during meals in patients with severe chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6823595
TI  - Breast reconstruction after mastectomy.
AB  - Radical mastectomy inflicts emotional as well as physical scars, and preoperative
      interviews with the reconstructive surgeon can help to ameliorate some anxiety.
      There is no evidence of risk to the patient from reconstruction of the breast.
      Reconstruction is best deferred for four to six months after mastectomy for
      several oncologic and psychologic reasons. Careful selection of patients is
      paramount. Reconstruction involves the correction of several functional and
      structural deficits. The end result has been enhanced by the silicone breast
      implant and the myocutaneous flap. Although the final result is usually not a
      cosmetic triumph, the reconstruction may serve to enhance the patient's self
      image.

PMID- 6823598
TI  - Fetal sex determined by ultrasound.
AB  - In an ultrasonographic laboratory we scanned 545 consecutive obstetric patients
      for obstetric indications based on the consultative needs of the physicians
      involved in their care. We attempted to determine the sex on all fetuses. The
      gestational age ranged from 15 weeks to term. Fetal sex was established in 196
      (36%). After the 25th week of gestation, we predicted the sex in greater than
      50%. There were no errors in the entire series. The basis of sex determination
      was the demonstration of male and female genitalia.

PMID- 6823599
TI  - Comparison of supine, upright, and prone positions for liver scans.
AB  - We compared liver scan interpretations based on anterior images obtained in the
      upright, prone, and supine positions. Receiver-operating-characteristic curves
      were generated for three well trained observers. Results showed that reading the
      three different views together was more accurate than the reading of any
      individual image. Furthermore, interpretations based on either the prone or
      upright view were superior to those using the supine view alone. The prone and
      upright views should be used more often in liver scanning.

PMID- 6823601
TI  - Disaster preparedness.
AB  - The only rational approach to the potential chaos of a mass disaster is
      thoughtful predisaster preparation and realistic but optimistic confrontation of
      the situation. An appropriate response implies accurate assessment of the
      magnitude of the disaster, the establishment of a reliable and effective
      communication system, a realistic inventory of and provision for sustained
      personnel and logistical support, and proper triage of individual casualties. It
      is incumbent upon the medical community to provide imaginative and creative
      responses to the concept of mass casualty management, and for all physicians
      involved to function in the generic sense as trauma surgeons.

PMID- 6823600
TI  - Radiologic examination requisition procedures: a study of their effectiveness in
      a community hospital.
AB  - I reviewed 100 consecutive radiologic examinations with particular attention to
      the clinical information included. The referring physician originated this
      clinical information in only 33% of cases. Other personnel, including nurses and
      aides, added information on the requisitions 57% of the time. When nonphysician
      personnel completed the requisitions, 46% of the cases were completed with either
      inappropriate or misleading clinical information. In 9% of the cases, there was
      no clinical information. Because all of the cases originated by physicians were
      appropriately completed, a strong plea is made for requiring physicians to
      originate radiologic requisitions.

PMID- 6823602
TI  - Niacin hepatitis.
AB  - We report a case of severe liver injury occurring on two occasions in a patient
      ingesting large doses of nicotinic acid. The liver architecture was markedly
      distorted, with both massive and submassive lobular collapse and marked
      cholestasis. Complete resolution of biochemical and histologic abnormalities
      occurred after withdrawal of these drugs.

PMID- 6823603
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome manifested as psychosis.

PMID- 6823604
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen: an unusual presenting feature in Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - "Spontaneous" (pathologic) rupture of the spleen is a rare phenomenon in
      lymphomas, 11 cases appearing in the English language literature. We describe the
      second case of Hodgkin's disease in which the initial presentation was
      spontaneous splenic rupture. The occurrence of splenic rupture in lymphomas seems
      to carry a bad prognosis since it is likely to reflect stage IV disease whether
      manifest before the rupture or soon thereafter.

PMID- 6823605
TI  - Isodicentric X chromosome in a girl with gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - Chromosomal analysis on a 15-year-old girl with amenorrhea and lack of secondary
      sexual development showed a normal X chromosome and an isodicentric X chromosome,
      46,X, idic(x) (pter leads to q23::q23 leads to pter). Thus the patient has
      duplicated and deleted X chromosome material. There was no evidence of 45,X
      mosaicism. Brd U-labeling revealed the abnormal X to be late-replicating.

PMID- 6823606
TI  - Invasive endometriosis of the terminal ileum: a cause of small bowel obstruction
      of obscure origin.
AB  - A 40-year-old woman with a five-month history of intermittent abdominal pain in
      the right lower quadrant, diarrhea, and signs of small bowel obstruction was
      thought to have Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. At operation,
      endometriosis of the terminal ileum was found and treated by resection. Enteric
      endometriosis is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction and the correct
      diagnosis is usually made at surgery.

PMID- 6823607
TI  - Enhancement of isodense subdural hematoma on delayed-high-dose contrast computed
      tomography.

PMID- 6823608
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with myocarditis complicating pregnancy.
AB  - We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and myocarditis
      complicating pregnancy. Cardiomegaly and compensated congestive heart failure
      persisted postpartum and we had the therapeutic dilemma of a pregnancy six months
      later. The defined maternal prognosis of a similar disease, peripartum
      cardiomyopathy, suggested the need for termination of pregnancy.

PMID- 6823609
TI  - Maffucci's syndrome.
AB  - We report a case of Maffucci's syndrome, an infrequent tumoral process of unknown
      etiology. Its bizarre aspects make it conspicuously different from other cases in
      Peru. The number, size, and location of the tumors and the dystrophic changes
      after a prolonged evolution led to severe incapacity. The amputations performed
      as surgical treatment paradoxically contributed to improvement of the patient's
      condition.

PMID- 6823611
TI  - Multiple myeloma and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
AB  - I have described a patient with multiple myeloma who had hyponatremia probably
      secondary to SIADH. Multiple myeloma, heretofore not considered as a cause of
      SIADH, should be added to the long list of diseases and drugs that cause this
      syndrome.

PMID- 6823613
TI  - Hemophilic splenic rupture without thrombocytosis.
AB  - Spontaneous splenic rupture in hemophilia A is an uncommon occurrence which is
      difficult to diagnose. We have reported a case of hemophilic rupture of the
      spleen unaccompanied by thrombocytosis, which has been emphasized as a diagnostic
      clue to hemophilic splenic rupture. Hence, splenic rupture should still be
      considered in any hemophilic patient with pain in the left upper quadrant and a
      normal platelet count. Splenic rupture in hemophilia must be recognized because
      its treatment requires not only clotting factor infusion but also surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 6823612
TI  - Fatal subscapular staphylococcal abscess.
AB  - A previously healthy 19-year-old man had a Staphylococcus aureus subscapular
      abscess after trauma to the shoulder, leading to sepsis, pneumonia, and death.
      Subscapular abscesses are infrequently described and might represent diagnostic
      difficulty to the clinician as well as to the unwary autopsy pathologist.

PMID- 6823610
TI  - Biliary reflux demonstrating an impacted ampullary stone.

PMID- 6823615
TI  - "Juggling the curriculum".

PMID- 6823616
TI  - Enteric-coated aspirin.

PMID- 6823614
TI  - Tularemia complicated by acute renal failure.
AB  - Acute renal failure has been a rare, uniformly fatal complication of infection
      with Francisella tularensis. The literature suggests that either acute tubular
      necrosis, interstitial nephritis, or glomerulonephritis may be responsible for
      this syndrome. We have described a patient with tularemia who had nonoliguric
      acute renal failure probably due to interstitial nephritis and who recovered
      slowly but spontaneously during antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline.

PMID- 6823617
TI  - Active versus passive therapist role in didactic psychotherapy with Nigerian
      clients.

PMID- 6823618
TI  - [Effect of payment mode on the demand for psychotherapy. Comparison of clients of
      psychoanalysts, of conventional psychiatry and of a free center in the Paris
      region].

PMID- 6823619
TI  - Postnatal depression: a comparison of African and Scottish women.

PMID- 6823620
TI  - [The significance of information and cooperation denial for the interpretation
      range of a multi-stage child psychiatric-epidemiologic study].

PMID- 6823622
TI  - Adolescents' attitudes towards mental illness: relationship between components
      and sex differences.

PMID- 6823621
TI  - Adversity and the onset of psychiatric disorder in women.

PMID- 6823624
TI  - Low dietary calcium intake and its role in the pathogenesis of rickets.

PMID- 6823626
TI  - Trazodone hydrochloride in depressive illness.

PMID- 6823625
TI  - The Mantoux test versus the tine test.

PMID- 6823623
TI  - The effect of social systems on group relations training.

PMID- 6823627
TI  - Medical research--a comparative study of the situation in the RSA and in certain
      other countries.
AB  - Research as a whole, with medical research as part thereof, is supported by
      organizational systems which differ in different countries. The basis for
      research support is nearly always one of two types: projects (short-term
      research) conducted by individuals, or programme research (a more extended form)
      carried out by a number of people in a defined field and under the direction of a
      person uniquely suited to lead the research. The other important form of research
      undertaking is one of national importance which assumes dimensions necessitating
      the creation of specific facilities in the form of buildings, research equipment
      and a staffing establishment (usually termed an 'institute'). Certain aspects
      relating to medical research as seen in other countries could well be adapted to
      our own needs, such as the introduction of research work communities (as found in
      Holland), and the establishment of priority research programmes in order to
      develop areas of neglect (as done in Germany). Adjustments can also be made to
      our training programmes and bursary schemes. In particular, attention can be paid
      to the re-employment of active research workers who have reached retirement age,
      and to the creation of full-time research posts in different categories at
      universities. In whatever manner our available research funds are calculated for
      comparison with those available elsewhere, whether based on money available per
      capita, size in relation to other research programmes or percentage of gross
      national product, the position of South Africa appears to be embarrassingly
      inferior.

PMID- 6823628
TI  - Trends in cardiac surgery at the University of Cape Town, 1971-1981.
AB  - A review has been undertaken of the number and types of surgical procedures
      performed in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the University of Cape Town
      during the 11-year period 1971-1981, together with data on associated mortality.
      A yearly average of 560 operations was carried out, of which 75% were for
      acquired and 25% for congenital heart disease. The number of patients treated
      continues to rise, from 434 in 1971 to 690 in 1981. There has been a slight
      reduction in the overall average yearly mortality, from 6.1% between 1971 and
      1975 to 5.0% between 1976 and 1981. There was a significant increase in the
      number of valve replacements in 1975 and 1976 and a more recent, continuing
      increase in operations for ischaemic heart disease, which now form 19% of the
      total operations. In both these groups the average yearly mortality has fallen
      during the period of study. The number of operations each year for congenital
      heart disease has remained fairly constant, but, disappointingly, there has been
      no significant reduction in mortality.

PMID- 6823630
TI  - Epidural versus intramuscular pethidine in postoperative pain relief.
AB  - Twenty-one patients received epidural pethidine 0,75 mg/kg in 10 ml normal saline
      for postoperative analgesia. A control group of 20 patients received
      intramuscular pethidine 1,5 mg/kg. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters in
      both groups were stable, and in both side-effects were similar and not serious.
      In the epidural group analgesia was more intense and of longer duration and the
      level of consciousness was better. Central depression was present in both groups
      but less so in the epidural group.

PMID- 6823631
TI  - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease).
AB  - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is a chronic vascular dementia with
      hydrocephalus characterized clinically by: (i) subacute focal neurological
      deficit; (ii) acute strokes; (iii) dementia; (iv) motor signs and pseudobulbar
      palsy; (v) hydrocephalus; (vi) persistent hypertension and systemic vascular
      disease; and (vii) a lengthy course. The pathogenesis is most probably ischaemic
      change related to subacute hypertensive encephalopathy. The pathological changes
      include severe central nervous system disease characterized by loss of white
      matter with gliosis, and arterial and arteriolar sclerosis of small penetrating
      cerebral blood vessels. The differential diagnosis includes vascular pseudobulbar
      palsy, multi-infarct dementia and senile dementia (Alzheimer's disease).
      Treatment includes blood pressure control as well as management of other factors
      known to affect vascular disease (diabetes mellitus).

PMID- 6823629
TI  - Epidural and intramuscular pethidine--a pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - Epidural preservative-free pethidine hydrochloride 0,75 mg/kg is rapidly absorbed
      into the blood. At 1,5 mg/kg the plasma levels reached are similar to those
      achieved by intramuscular preservative-free pethidine hydrochloride, as is the
      time course. Plasma levels fall more rapidly after epidural pethidine. Since the
      plasma levels lag behind the analgesic effects, they are unlikely to be of
      importance as regards clinical analgesia.

PMID- 6823632
TI  - Task analysis in neurosciences programme design--neurological problems in general
      practice.
AB  - Defining educational objectives is the key to achieving the goal of professional
      competence in students. The technique of task analysis was selected to determine
      components of competence in clinical neurology appropriate to the needs of
      primary care. A survey of neurological problems in general practice revealed that
      these constitute a significant proportion of consultations, and that teaching
      programmes have failed to provide the appropriate knowledge and skills to manage
      the commonest problems effectively. Consideration is given to innovations in
      curriculum and programme design whereby the graduating student might be more
      suitably prepared to give primary care.

PMID- 6823633
TI  - Giant vesical calculus. A case report.
AB  - An exceptional case of bladder stone is presented. The case is unusual as regards
      the size of the stone and the fact that the patient did not seek medical
      assistance much earlier, as this was readily available. Furthermore, recovery
      after removal of the stone was remarkably quick, as evidenced by the clinical
      picture as well as the blood and urine biochemical values. The fact that the
      patient did not return for follow-up seems to confirm that cure was complete. The
      pathogenesis of the stone remains unknown.

PMID- 6823634
TI  - Safety in anaesthesia.

PMID- 6823636
TI  - Dosage of antituberculosis agents in tuberculosis meningitis.

PMID- 6823635
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis].

PMID- 6823637
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease in Cape Town, 1975-1980. Part I. Ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Previously documented and new patients with ulcerative colitis seen between 1975
      and 1980 in the Gastro-intestinal Clinic of Groote Schuur Hospital were studied
      to establish the local incidence and clinical features of this disease. There
      were 220 patients and the mean follow-up was 7,7 +/- 0,4 years. Sixty per cent of
      patients were White, 37% Coloured and 3% Black. The incidence for the Coloured
      and White population was calculated to be 1,3 and 2,4/100 000 per year during
      1970-1974 and 1,6 and 2,1/100 000 per year during 1975-1980, respectively. In
      Jews the rates were 8,5 and 10,4/100 000 per year for the two periods.
      Insufficient data are available to calculate an incidence for the Black
      population. The disease was limited to less than 15 cm above the anus in 14% of
      patients, to the rectosigmoid colon in 45%, and to the rest of the colon in 40%.
      Although the severity of symptoms was related to the extent of disease, 22% of
      patients with extensive colitis had mild symptoms, while 15% with disease limited
      to the rectum had severe symptoms. The clinical features were similar in the
      White and Coloured population groups. A total colectomy was performed on 20% of
      patients with extensive colitis; in 2% the disease was complicated by colonic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6823638
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease in Cape Town, 1975-1980. Part II. Crohn's disease.
AB  - Patients with Crohn's disease seen in the Gastro-intestinal Clinic of Groote
      Schuur Hospital between 1975 and 1980 were studied to establish the incidence and
      clinical features of this disease. There were 117 patients and the mean (+/- SEM)
      follow-up was 6,1 +/- 0,5 years. Of these patients 72% were White, 37% Coloured
      and 1% Black. The incidence for the Coloured and White population groups was
      calculated to be 0,4 and 0,9/100 000 per year during 1970-1974 and 1,3 and
      1,2/100 000 per year during 1975-1980 respectively. In Jews the rates were 5,0
      and 7,2/100 000 per year for the two periods. Insufficient data are available to
      calculate an incidence for the Black population. The disease involved the ileum
      in 39%, the colon in 17% and both areas in 44% of patients. At presentation 18%
      of patients had mild, 37% moderate, and 45% severe disease. The severity of
      symptoms was not related to the extent of the disease. A peri-anal fistula was
      present in 24% of patients. There was no difference in clinical features between
      the different population groups. Surgical resection had been performed in 50% of
      patients and 29% of these had had two or more resections. The surgical rate in
      the ileitis group was 63%, in the ileocolitis group 49% and in those with colitis
      20%.

PMID- 6823639
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in Cape
      Town, 1975 - 1981.
AB  - Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and serum alkaline phosphatase
      persistently raised to more than twice the normal level were investigated to
      assess the frequency of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the Gastro
      intestinal Clinic from 1975 to 1981. Twelve patients had a persistently raised
      alkaline phosphatase level of hepatic origin, 9 out of 250 with ulcerative
      colitis and 3 out of 164 with Crohn's disease. PSC was demonstrated in 8(3%) of
      the patients with ulcerative colitis, and carcinoma of the pancreas in the
      remaining 1. Three of the patients with PSC also had gallstones. The colitis
      antedated the biliary symptoms and signs in all but 1 patient. There was no
      correlation between the duration, extent and activity of the colitis and the
      development and outcome of the liver involvement. Investigations in the 3
      patients with Crohn's disease revealed the presence of PSC in 2 (1,2%) and
      chronic active hepatitis in the 3rd. Of the 2 with PSC, one had cholelithiasis
      and has had recurrent episodes of cholangitis. The other has had only mild
      symptoms.

PMID- 6823641
TI  - Compulsory treatment of 50 alcoholic drunken drivers. A follow-up study.
AB  - Fifty alcoholic drunken drivers receiving treatment as part of a suspended
      sentence were studied to assess the efficacy of compulsory treatment. Twenty-six
      showed improvement in drinking behaviour, 12 did not co-operate and were referred
      back to court, 7 were re-arrested on further charges of drunken driving and 4
      were committed to long-term rehabilitation centres (1 patient died too early to
      allow for adequate follow-up). The results compare favourably with improvement in
      alcoholics treated voluntarily. When regarded as their own controls, patients who
      had previously been arrested for drunken driving but had not been referred for
      treatment showed considerable improvement in their behaviour, as did patients who
      had had previous unsuccessful voluntary treatment. This programme appears to be
      worth while, at least for the duration of the suspended sentence. It also
      encourages early identification of alcoholics and their referral for treatment.

PMID- 6823640
TI  - Abnormal glucose tolerance and lipid abnormalities in Indian myocardial infarct
      survivors.
AB  - Glucose tolerance and lipid levels in a random sample of 103 Indian patients (96
      males and 7 females) with coronary artery disease (CAD) aged between 20 and 55
      years were compared with those in a healthy Indian control group matched as
      regards age and sex. Previous episodes of myocardial infarction were taken as
      evidence of CAD. Of the patients 44% were overweight. Glucose tolerance was
      abnormal in 55% of the patients. Both cholesterol and triglyceride values in the
      patients with CAD were significantly higher than those in the control group.
      Serum cholesterol levels were over 6,5 mmol/l in 62% of the patients with CAD and
      serum triglyceride levels were over 2,0 mmol/l in .53%. Males with CAD tended to
      have lower plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels than the
      control group (P less than 0,01). There was a significant negative correlation
      between body mass index and HDL cholesterol, and no correlation was demonstrated
      between body mass index and total cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
      Furthermore, when the patients were sub-grouped according to their glucose
      tolerances it was found that only the triglyceride levels were significantly
      different (values were higher in those with abnormal glucose tolerance). Our data
      suggest that abnormal glucose tolerance and lipid aberrations are significant
      risk factors in Indian patients with CAD.

PMID- 6823643
TI  - The raised anion gap in Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 6823642
TI  - Cutaneous flavobacteriosis--polymorphous skin granulomas from Flavobacterium
      capsulatum. A case report.
AB  - A case of multiple eruptive skin granulomas caused by Flavobacterium capsulatum
      is described. The organism was resistant or poorly sensitive to all antibiotics
      except carbenicillin. Cure was brought about by using maximal doses of this drug.
      The source of the infection could not be proved, but it dated from an orthopaedic
      procedure to the elbow which was followed by a chronic cellulitis at the
      operation site. Since this is an organism known to occur in stored water, it was
      presumed that the flavobacterium was introduced into the wound from bottles of
      boiled and cooled water used in the operating theatre.

PMID- 6823644
TI  - Gastroduodenal motility--a comparison between domperidone and metoclopramide.
AB  - Domperidone (Motilium) speeds the emptying rate of the smallest particle size of
      a digestible solid (radioactive cubed liver) but has no effect on the emptying
      rate of 400 ml of 5% dextrose in the normal canine stomach. Conversely,
      metoclopramide (Maxolon) speeds the emptying of the liquid, but slows the
      emptying rate of the digestible solid. The effect of domperidone on canine
      gastric electrical activity is to increase the frequency and strength of action
      potentials in the stomach after fasting and to slow the rate of discharge of the
      pacesetter potential, an effect similar to that seen after feeding.

PMID- 6823645
TI  - Ultrasonic prediction of fetal mass.
AB  - A clinically accurate method for estimating fetal mass from fetal body parameters
      is reviewed. The abdominal circumference is first calculated from the
      anteroposterior and transverse diameters. This is used as an extra indicator of
      fetal age. By adding the biparietal diameter, these measurements are converted
      into fetal mass. From percentile tables the fetal mass at different stages of
      pregnancy and at term can then be predicted. This method was used on 101 private
      patients and the average error between actual and predicted mass was 210 g (6.5%
      of the birth mass).

PMID- 6823646
TI  - Clinical vampirism. A presentation of 3 cases and a re-evaluation of Haigh, the
      'acid-bath murderer'.
AB  - Clinical vampirism is named after the mythical vampire, and is a recognizable,
      although rare, clinical entity characterized by periodic compulsive blood
      drinking, affinity with the dead and uncertain identity. It is hypothetically the
      expression of an inherited archaic myth, the act of taking blood being a ritual
      that gives temporary relief. From ancient times vampirists have given substance
      to belief in the existence of supernatural vampires. Four vampirists, including
      Haigh, the 'acid-bath murderer', are described. From childhood they cut
      themselves, drank their own, exogenous human or animal blood to relieve a
      craving, dreamed of blood-shed, associated with the dead, and had a changing
      identity. They were intelligent, with no family mental or social pathology. Some
      self-cutters are auto-vampirists; females are not likely to assault others for
      blood, but males are potentially dangerous. Vampirism may be a cause of
      unpredictable repeated assault and murder, and should be looked for in violent
      criminals who are self-mutilators. No specific treatment is known.

PMID- 6823647
TI  - [A professional duty to heal!].
AB  - The rules of South African law are analysed, especially any possible rules which
      may impose a duty upon a medical practitioner to heal in cases where the patient
      refuses treatment. The conclusion is reached that a refusal of medical treatment
      expressed on behalf of a minor child or an unconscious patient might safely be
      ignored by a medical practitioner, but that an express refusal by a major patient
      of full legal capacity should be heeded. It is also concluded that, according to
      South African law, there rests no legal duty upon a medical practitioner to treat
      a patient where such treatment--even if necessary to save the patient's life--is
      refused by the patient himself. Therefore, where the conditions imposed by a
      Jehovah's Witness preclude a medical practitioner from practising good medicine,
      he should refuse the case.

PMID- 6823648
TI  - Motor neuron disease associated with carcinoma. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Paraneoplastic complications are obscure and difficult to understand. The
      association of motor neuron disease and carcinoma may sometimes be more than
      coincidental, and 2 cases are described. One patient had motor neuron disease,
      limbic encephalitis (a recognized paraneoplastic disorder) and carcinoma of the
      oesophagus; the other had motor neuron disease and adenocarcinoma of the rectum.
      In the elderly male with motor neuron disease simple screening tests to exclude
      lymphoma and carcinoma of the lung, bowel and genito-urinary tract are advocated.

PMID- 6823649
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. A case report.
AB  - A case of osteoporosis secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. A 55
      year-old woman presented with a history of persistent lumbar backache for 3
      years; numerous radiographs taken during this period had shown 'osteoporosis in
      keeping with age'. Referral to the Endocrine Clinic to evaluate the osteoporosis
      resulted in baseline investigations which revealed a raised serum calcium level,
      further investigation of which led to the diagnosis of primary
      hyperparathyroidism. Recent studies have shown that, over the past two decades,
      diffuse undermineralization of the bones (osteopenia) is the most common
      radiological feature in primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6823650
TI  - High-output cardiac failure associated with an iliac artery aneurysm and
      arteriovenous fistula. A case report.
AB  - Rupture of an aneurysm into a major vein is an uncommon complication, and the
      resulting arteriovenous fistula frequently causes high-output cardiac failure as
      a presenting symptom. A patient with high-output cardiac failure refractory to
      conservative treatment and an aortic and left iliac artery aneurysm and
      associated arteriovenous fistula between the left common iliac artery and vein is
      presented. The fistula was confirmed by transfemoral arteriography. Successful
      resection of the aneurysm and closure of the fistula resulted in dramatic
      clinical improvement. Careful monitoring of cardiovascular function with a Swan
      Ganz catheter, before, during and after operation contributed to a satisfactory
      result.

PMID- 6823651
TI  - Experimental studies on the hemodynamics of the small intestine following
      increased intraluminal pressure.
AB  - Experimentally, we produced obstruction of the intestine in dogs, and the
      intraluminal pressure of the small intestine was measured without inducing
      anesthesia and with the abdominal wall closed. The maximum active intraluminal
      pressure reached 44.1 +/- 3.3 milligrams of mercury three days after the
      obstruction was produced. The pressure rose further to 95 millimeters of mercury,
      or higher, after an intravenous injection of physostigmine or during vomiting.
      When the intraluminal pressure is artificially increased and the vascular
      structure is observed by the resin-casting method, impairment of the villous
      circulation of the mucosa is already seen when the pressure reaches 20
      millimeters of mercury. When the pressure was further increased, the circulation
      impairment spread toward the outer layer of the intestine. Mesenteric blood flow,
      peripheral vascular resistance and submucosal blood flow did not show
      significantly lower values than did the control group, unless the intraluminal
      pressure was 100 millimeters of mercury, or higher, but the oxygen consumption of
      the intestinal tissues was significantly lower than that for the control group
      when the intraluminal pressure was 40 millimeters of mercury, or higher. The
      resin-casting method showed that, at this pressure, a finding believed to
      indicate an arteriovenous shunt was already present at the mucosal villous base.
      The aforementioned results indicate that selective mucosal ischemia may occur
      when the intraluminal pressure increases to a range that is clinically possible
      when obstruction of the intestine occurs.

PMID- 6823652
TI  - Oral cholecystographic findings and the incidence of wound infection after
      cholecystectomy.
AB  - Six hundred and sixty-one patients undergoing cholecystectomy were reviewed, and
      the over-all incidence of postoperative wound infection was found to be 18.6 per
      cent. Of the 274 patients who underwent cholecystography preoperatively, 150 were
      found to have functioning nonobstructed stone filled gallbladders. There were 12
      postoperative wound infections in this group, 8 per cent. One hundred and twenty
      four patients had nonfunctioning and obstructed gallbladders, 31 of whom, 25 per
      cent, had wound infections develop. The finding of an obstructed gallbladder upon
      oral cholecystography was associated with a high incidence of wound infection.
      This group should be considered for prophylactic antibiotics.

PMID- 6823653
TI  - Follow-up results of a new colomyotomy in the treatment of diverticulosis.
AB  - In the present study, we report upon the preliminary results of our technique of
      myotomy--combined colon-myotomy at L shaped or transversal T shaped--which
      includes a simultaneous incision of both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers,
      avoiding a large bloody area. Ten patients have been operated upon by this
      method, the results of follow-up examination of seven patients who were given
      roentgenologic and motility studies for a maximum of 24 months being reported
      upon. It appears that the technique is quite safe, with no mortality or morbidity
      being observed in the first ten patients operated upon. Even functional results
      are most satisfactory. On the basis of this preliminary study, the technique
      seems to offer better results than do other types of colomyotomies currently
      being used.

PMID- 6823654
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum in inflammatory disease of the intestine.

PMID- 6823655
TI  - A follow-up study on recurrence after inguinal hernia repair.
AB  - A follow-up study of 178 adult patients with primary inguinal hernia repair
      revealed significantly fewer recurrences after the McVay operation for a pure
      direct hernia than for a pure indirect hernia. The recurrence rate for pure
      indirect hernias was 19.3 +/- 4.3 per cent after ten years and 20.7 +/- 4.6 per
      cent after 15 years. The mean observation time was 11 years, 98 patients. The
      recurrence rate for pure direct hernias was 4.1 +/- 2.8 per cent after ten years
      and 7.5 +/- 4.5 per cent after 15 years. The mean observation time was 13 years,
      52 patients. Twenty-eight patients treated for a pure indirect hernia with a
      simple abdominal ring repair had no recurrences after a mean observation time of
      ten years. We suggest that the reason for the higher recurrence rate among
      patients treated with a McVay repair for an indirect inguinal hernia might be due
      to the interference with the healthy posterior wall of the inguinal canal, since
      50 per cent of the recurrences in this group were direct. It is stressed that
      abdominal ring repair should be the treatment of choice for indirect hernias.

PMID- 6823657
TI  - Improved technique for insertion of Greenfield vena caval filter.

PMID- 6823656
TI  - A comparison of isotopic and computerized tomographic scanning in the diagnosis
      of metastasis to the liver in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and
      rectum.

PMID- 6823658
TI  - A new method of revascularization of the right renal artery by the gastroduodenal
      artery.
AB  - The use of the gastroduodenal artery for revascularization of the right renal
      artery is a procedure reserved for exceptional situations. It is an extension of
      the use of the hepatic circulation when concomitant aortic disease precludes safe
      use of the aortorenal bypass procedure. It should only be used in favorable
      anatomic circumstances and should be considered a variant of the hepatorenal
      bypass procedure.

PMID- 6823659
TI  - A technique for revascularization of adjacent, stenotic, secondary renal arterial
      branches.

PMID- 6823660
TI  - Cannulation of the radial artery in the anatomic snuffbox.

PMID- 6823661
TI  - Aneurysms of the internal iliac artery.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with aneurysms of the internal iliac artery were identified
      over a 14-year period. Group A included those patients who had aneurysms
      associated with aortoiliac artery aneurysms and group B were those who had
      isolated internal iliac aneurysms. The natural course of these aneurysms is one
      of progressive expansion and rupture. A pulsatile pelvic mass, often associated
      with compression symptoms of the neurologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and
      peripheral venous structures, is often present. Aortography, computerized
      tomographic scanning, and abdominal ultrasonography are the most useful
      diagnostic procedures. Proximal ligation and endoaneurysmorrhaphy make up the
      most appropriate surgical treatment. A case report is presented of a patient who
      underwent successful elective embolization as an alternative method of
      management.

PMID- 6823662
TI  - Endorectal pull-through operation in adults after colectomy and excision of
      rectal mucosa.
AB  - Ileal endorectal pull-through can be performed in adults after abdominal
      colectomy and excision of rectal mucosa. The procedure requires a painstaking
      dissection of the mucous membrane of the rectum to ensure cure of the polyposis
      or ulcerative colitis for which it is carried out. Some cases of ulcerative
      colitis are inappropriate for this dissection, and Crohn's disease prohibits the
      use of this operation. Fifteen operations in adults are described herein. Certain
      technical maneuvers have been of help to us and these are described. We have
      favored a diverting ileostomy maintained for 3 months. A pouch, positioned in the
      rectum, has hastened the return toward normal control. Sphincter control and
      responses have been uniformly good. Dilatations and sphincter exercises are
      routinely employed. Strictures are not rare but are amenable to correction by
      digital stretching.

PMID- 6823663
TI  - Generalized primary parathyroid hyperplasia: studies of the evolution of
      autogenous parathyroid graft function.
AB  - The functional evolution of autogenous parathyroid grafts was monitored in six
      patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia using a sensitive radioimmunoassay
      specific for the midregion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). After successful total
      parathyroidectomy and graft implantation in the forearm, basal immunoreactive PTH
      (iPTH) fell to undetectable levels for about 12 to 18 weeks, and then rose to
      normal. By 3 weeks after surgery, an iPTH increment appeared in venous blood from
      the arm bearing the graft. Graft function was demonstrated in all six cases.
      Graft-independent hypercalcemia occurred in two patients and appeared to inhibit
      PTH secretion by the graft. In one case, elevated levels of calcium and iPTH
      persisted after surgery but iPTH remained equal in both arms. At 5 months, a
      fifth hyperplastic gland was resected from the mediastinum, and the calcium level
      decreased to normal; the parathyroid implant was secreting iPTH vigorously 5 days
      later. Hypercalcemia had not prevented establishment of a viable implant. In the
      second case, hypercalcemia developed 80 weeks after operation, and the previously
      demonstrated iPTH gradient disappeared; presumably a fifth gland had become
      hyperplastic. In this patient, iPTH had remained in the upper portion of the
      normal range during the first postoperative week, probably indicating the
      potential for recurrence. Each of the other five patients remains normocalcemic 4
      to 103 weeks after grafting.

PMID- 6823664
TI  - Safe intraluminal shunting during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The major complications associated with shunting include embolization at the time
      of insertion and shunt thrombosis. Increased technical difficulty of performing
      the endarterectomy with an inlying shunt hs also contributed to lack of surgeon
      acceptance. These problems can be minimized by using a short, flexible shunt with
      a sidearm attachment. The shortness enables the shunt to lie within the vessel,
      while the flexibility enables manipulation of the shunt to optimize exposure of
      all segments of the vessel. The sidearm allows flushing of both limbs and helps
      prevent embolization while providing a means for rapid assessment of shunt
      patency. The technique provides a safe and simple method of shunting during
      carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6823665
TI  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of biliary sump syndrome.
AB  - Biliary "sump" syndrome is a rare but embarrassing problem after side-to-side
      choledochojejunostomy or choledochoduodenostomy. Four patients with they syndrome
      treated nonoperatively by endoscopic sphincterotomy are described. Three of these
      had had choledochojejunostomy previously and the other inadvertent
      choledochoduodenostomy at prior common duct exploration. Cholangitic symptoms or
      biliary obstruction disappeared and the patients have been well for periods
      ranging from 2 to 5.5 years. Endoscopic sphincterotomy can eliminate the stasis
      area of the common duct distal to the lateral anastomosis, obviating
      relaparotomy, and may deserve first consideration in patients with the sump
      syndrome.

PMID- 6823666
TI  - Cardiac cryosurgery: effects of myocardial temperature on cryolesion size.
AB  - Cryothermic ablation of myocardium and portions of the specialized cardiac
      conduction tissue has been employed successfully for the treatment of both
      supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. As more uses have been found
      for cardiac cryosurgery, increasing flexibility of the cryothermia system has
      been required. The present study was designed to develop a method for electively
      increasing or decreasing the dimensions and volume of cryolesions by altering
      adjacent myocardial temperatures. Fourteen dogs were subjected to cardiopulmonary
      bypass, and standard cryothermic exposures (4 mm cryoprobe, -60 degrees C for 120
      seconds) were used to create cryolesions on the left ventricular free wall. The
      dimensions and volumes of cryolesions created at myocardial temperatures of 37
      degrees, 32 degrees, and 6 degrees to 12 degrees C (hypothermic cardioplegic
      arrest) were compared. Cryolesions created at 6 degrees to 12 degrees C with the
      dogs under cardioplegic arrest were significantly larger (P less than 0.05) than
      cryolesions created t 37 degrees or 32 degrees C in the perfused beating heart.
      This information may be useful in improving the results of myocardial
      cryoablation, particularly in procedures requiring the ablation of large regions
      of myocardium or regions deep below the epicardial or endocardial surface.

PMID- 6823667
TI  - Minisymposium: unusual problems in carotid surgery. Overview.

PMID- 6823668
TI  - Relation of carotid stump pressure to safety of carotid artery ligation.
AB  - Twenty-four patients underwent ligation of the internal carotid artery for a
      variety of clinical indications. These included cerebral embolization from
      surgically inaccessible carotid lesions, carotid disruption and resultant
      hemorrhage, unreconstructible carotid endarterectomies, and inoperable
      intracranial carotid aneurysms. The relation of preoperative stump pressures to
      safety of ligation was evaluated. the data reflect that a systolic stump pressure
      in excess of 70 mm Hg (13 patients) indicates adequacy of collateral hemispheric
      blood flow to allow safe ligation of the carotid artery. Pressures of 55 mm Hg or
      less constitute an unacceptable vulnerability to stroke (two of three patients),
      and intermediate pressures of 55 to 68 mm Hg constitute a genuine hazard (four of
      eight patients). The mechanisms of stroke appear to be thromboembolic with late
      propagation of thrombus into an intracranial low-flow system. Postligation
      maintenance of appropriate systemic blood pressure is essential, and systemic
      heparinization is recommended to reduce the morbidity and mortality in patients
      in the intermediate pressure zone (55 to 68 mm Hg). It is concluded that whenever
      carotid ligation becomes a therapeutic consideration, the preoperative or
      preligation  measurement of carotid stump pressure is presently the most reliable
      determinant of safety of the operation.

PMID- 6823669
TI  - Radiation-induced arterial injuries.
AB  - In a 20-year period from 1961 to 1981 at the University of Kentucky Medical
      Center, there were 20 patients with vascular lesions directly attributable to
      irradiation. Two distinct patterns of arterial injury attributable to
      radiotherapy were identified--arterial disruption and occlusion. Arterial
      disruption occurred in 12 patients--11 carotid blowouts and 1 iliac artery
      rupture. Two patients underwent prophylactic carotid artery ligation for
      impending rupture. In the 11 carotid artery ruptures, ligation of the artery in
      nine patients resulted in stroke or death in five patients. Iliac artery
      disruption necessitated ligation, which eventually led to severe ischemia
      requiring hip disarticulation. Unusual arterial stenosis or occlusion occurred in
      six patients 7 to 24 years after irradiation. Three patients had severe stenosis
      or occlusion of the common, internal, or external carotid arteries leading to
      cerebrovascular insufficiency. Three other patients with focal stenosis of the
      iliofemoral region were successfully treated with bypass grafting.

PMID- 6823671
TI  - Evaluating the size of an aneurysm.

PMID- 6823670
TI  - Etiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis.
AB  - Since 1966, 29 patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis have been
      encountered. The mean (+/- SEM) internal between initial carotid endarterectomy
      and secondary presentation was 67.5 +/- 9.2 months (range 6 to 180 months). There
      was a disproportionate number of women with recurrent stenosis. The mean age at
      initial endarterectomy in patients with recurrent stenosis, 54.6 +/- 1.4 years,
      was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that of all patients who had
      endarterectomy. To define the etiologic factors for recurrence, 21 of these
      patients were matched with case-control patients of the same age and sex who had
      undergone endarterectomy the same year but did not develop recognized recurrent
      stenosis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypertension,
      diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, bilateral carotid disease, other
      vascular operations, or family history for atherosclerosis in patients with
      recurrent stenosis compared to control patients. The indications for primary
      endarterectomy, angiographic distribution of disease, and operative details were
      similar in both groups. There was no difference in the incidence of regular,
      therapeutic aspirin ingestion following initial endarterectomy (52.5% in both
      groups). There was a striking difference in smoking habits. Ninety-five percent
      of patients with recurrent stenosis continued to smoke following initial
      endarterectomy, compared to 23.8% of control patients (P less than 0.001). Lipid
      fractionation studies were performed in both groups, and there were no
      significant differences in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Dose
      response platelet aggregometry detected no differences between groups in the
      sensitivity of platelets to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and
      epinephrine. Reoperation in patients with recurrent stenosis was associated with
      minimal morbidity, no deaths, and generally excellent results.

PMID- 6823672
TI  - Selective triphasic prevention of thromboembolism.

PMID- 6823673
TI  - Asymptomatic metastases--to treat or not to treat?

PMID- 6823674
TI  - Management of high recurrent anal fistula.
AB  - Fifteen patients who had recurrent high anal fistulas were treated at the Mount
      Sinai Medical Center from 1975 to 1981--12 men and 3 women, all of whom had
      already undergone fistulectomies from one to four times elsewhere. The fistulas
      were managed with coring of the tract (complete extirpation), including side
      tracts, if present, and primary closure of the internal opening with advancement
      rectal mucosal flap distal to the original fistulous opening. Thirteen of 15
      patients had satisfactory results; two patients required reoperation for
      recurrences. The advantages of the advancement flap technique over the staging
      division technique are discussed. We have found our procedure to be very useful
      for high anal fistulas, particularly for patients with recurrent high anal
      fistulas in whom there is already some degree of sphincter damage and scar
      formation.

PMID- 6823675
TI  - A method for vascular access in small children.
AB  - A new method is described to achieve vascular access for either hemodialysis or
      plasmapheresis in small children. This technique provides reliable arterial
      inflow and venous outflow with minimal complications.

PMID- 6823676
TI  - The use of sclerotherapy for treatment of postmastectomy wound seromas.
AB  - Five patients who developed seromas following mastectomy with lymph node
      dissection were treated with aspiration of the seromas and instillation of a
      sclerosant solution containing tetracycline. All seromas resolved promptly
      without infection, flap necrosis, or recurrence. The technique is recommended for
      treatment of this postoperative complication.

PMID- 6823677
TI  - Treadmill testing for peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 6823678
TI  - Moyamoya disease--a review.
AB  - One hundred cases of Moyamoya disease were encountered between 1961 and 1980.
      This report describes the clinical characteristics and emphasizes the
      angiographic findings and clinical correlation in this disease. Reasons for the
      differences in clinical and radiological presentation in children versus adults
      are proposed and a possible pathophysiological mechanism is outlined. Treatment
      with perivascular sympathectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy may be
      useful but more investigation needs to be carried out into the pathogenesis of
      the disease before more definitive therapy is realized.

PMID- 6823679
TI  - Controversy in neurovascular surgery.

PMID- 6823680
TI  - Operative mortality following carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6823681
TI  - Does the geometry of the carotid bifurcation affect its predisposition to
      atheroma?

PMID- 6823682
TI  - Flow and neuronal density in tissue surrounding chronic infarction.
AB  - In 6 cats, cerebral infarction was produced by transorbital occlusion of the left
      middle cerebral artery (MCA). Five animals developed typical cortical infarcts.
      Eight weeks later, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined by 14C-iodoantipyrine
      autoradiography and the number of intact neurons was counted histologically. Two
      non-operated cats served as controls. Cortical blood flow in the infarcted
      hemisphere was reduced by 24.6-74.4% when compared to the flow in the
      contralateral cortex and in controls. Averaged white matter flow was decreased by
      39.1%. Regional cortical flow was gradually reduced from parasagittal regions
      towards the infarct. In the surrounding of the infarct, cortical perfusion was
      decreased to 24.8 +/- 9.7 ml/100 g/min, i.e. 19.7% of contralateral flow.
      Although the infarcts were sharply demarcated macroscopically, the number of
      cortical neurons decreased gradually from the midline to the peri-infarct zone. A
      significant linear correlation was found between absolute CBF-values and the
      number of neurons in areas of the infarcted hemisphere. The homolateral gyrus
      lateralis had normal neuronal density but flow was reduced by 20%. These findings
      suggest that the blood flow reduction in tissue surrounding chronic infarcts is
      due to neuronal cell loss and to functional inactivation caused by damage of
      afferent fibers.

PMID- 6823683
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of ruptured arteries in hypertensive intracerebral
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Eleven freshly removed brains and 20 lenticulostriate arteries (collected at
      emergency surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage) were examined by electron
      microscopy in a search for the mechanism of arterial rupture in hypertensive
      intracerebral hemorrhage. Forty-six of 48 ruptured arteries examined showed
      severe arteriosclerosis including degenerative changes of the media at or near
      bifurcations. Atrophy and fragmentation of smooth muscle cells gave them a moth
      eaten appearance. Material resembling basement membrane and cell debris was also
      present in the arterial walls. The above findings were restricted to the middle
      and distal portions of the perforating arteries. Rupture from a miliary aneurysm
      was observed in only 2 of the 48 specimens examined. These resembled saccular
      aneurysms, ultrastructurally. They seemingly formed at a cavity which we strongly
      felt may have been formed by complete or incomplete subclinical hemorrhages;
      reabsorption of the hemorrhage from the dissection resulted in the aneurysms
      seen. Degeneration of smooth muscle cells may be the result of prolonged tension
      or spasm of the arterial wall as a result of longstanding hypertension.

PMID- 6823684
TI  - Sonic detection of intracranial aneurysm and AVM.
AB  - This paper describes a method of detecting intracranial aneurysm and
      arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by analysing weak sounds produced by the blood
      circulation at the affected part. There is thought to be no turbulence in the
      normal cerebrovascular system, whereas abnormalities such as aneurysm and AVM
      sometimes cause turbulence in the blood flow. Thus, a small fraction of the flow
      energy might be converted into an acoustically detectable noise. For the
      detection of the sound, sensitive detectors must be applied close to the head
      since the sound is very weak, and, as in cerebrovascular diseases, the origin of
      the sound is usually concealed deep inside the hard shelter of the skull. The
      detection system we used had a gain of 40 to 50 dB greater than that of an
      ordinary stethoscope. The detection points were the teeth or forehead. Usually
      the sound started about 160 msec after the ventricular contraction and lasted for
      100 to 400 msec. Its frequency component mostly ranged from 400 to 2000 Hz, but
      the spectrum profile changed according to the position and degree of
      abnormalities. The uttered sound was very random, which facilitated detection of
      the position of the sound origin by means of cross correlation methods using a
      pair of detectors. This method is completely noninvasive, causes no pain to the
      patient, and might be used even in mass examinations.

PMID- 6823685
TI  - Evaluation of the risk of immediate anticoagulant treatment in patients with
      embolic stroke of cardiac origin.
AB  - We evaluated immediate anticoagulation of embolic stroke. Of 39 patients
      suffering a focal cerebral ischemia caused by a cardiac embolus, 38 were
      submitted to CT within 24 hours after onset. Twenty-one patients received direct
      full anticoagulation and, in 10 patients, treatment was delayed because of
      hemorrhagic infarction on initial CT (3 cases), cardiac cause 24 hours or more
      after stroke onset, or treatment delay without specific reason (6 cases). Eight
      patients with severe deficit were not anticoagulated because of hemorrhagic signs
      on initial CT, impaired consciousness, or general contra-indications to such
      treatment. Twenty-one follow-up CT-scans were performed under full anti
      coagulation, and in only 2 cases hemorrhagic infarction was noticed without
      clinical deterioration. No clinical worsening attributable to anticoagulant
      treatment was observed during the three week observation period. It is concluded
      that direct anticoagulation therapy does neither induce hemorrhagic infarction
      nor cerebral hemorrhage in patients with embolic stroke nor does it cause
      clinical deterioration.

PMID- 6823686
TI  - Histopathology of the brain vascular network in moyamoya disease.
AB  - There is an unusual vascular network at the base of the brain in patients with
      moyamoya disease. We detected various histologic lesions in the perforating
      arteries of 22 patients. Vessels showing rupture ranged from 50 to 530 microns in
      diameter; they were dilated, some had fibrin deposits in the wall, fragmented
      elastic laminae and attenuated media. Non-ruptured perforating arteries (diameter
      200 to 550 microns) revealed microaneurysm formation, focal fibrin deposits and
      marked attenuation of the wall thickness with diminution of the elastic lamina.
      These changes seem to predispose to rupture of perforating arteries. Stenotic
      changes such as fibrous intimal thickening, collapse of the lumen and thrombosis
      were detected in 14 out of 22 cases. Morphometric analysis of perforating
      arteries indicated that arteries showing extreme degrees of stenosis or
      dilatation were more frequent in the patients with moyamoya disease than in the
      control cases. Dilative arteries were more frequent in the young patients and
      stenotic vessels were, in contrast, less frequent in the young patients.

PMID- 6823687
TI  - Delayed TIAs distal to bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries -- evidence for
      embolic and hemodynamic mechanisms.
AB  - We studied 4 patients with bilateral carotid artery occlusion who suffered
      delayed TIAs in one of the occluded internal carotid or common carotid areas.
      Hemodynamic mechanisms were prominent in two patients, in head turning and
      orthostatic hypotension. In the other two cases, embolic phenomena through the
      homolateral external carotid collateral pathways were probable, because this
      artery (or the common carotid artery) showed atheromatous stenosis and major
      collateral supply to the brain and retina. Different mechanisms may be
      responsible for further ischemia after bilateral occlusion of carotid arteries.

PMID- 6823688
TI  - Comparison of local cerebral blood flow determined by thermal and hydrogen
      clearance.
AB  - Local cerebral blood flow (1CBF) was measured simultaneously in ten cats with (1)
      a large surface thermal diffusion probe resting on the cortex and (2) hydrogen
      clearance curves from implanted electrodes surrounding the thermal probe. A close
      correlation was found between 1CBF values obtained by the two methods. Since
      hydrogen clearance is accepted as quantitative, the data suggest that the thermal
      diffusion technique is a reliably quantitative means of measuring local cerebral
      blood flow.

PMID- 6823689
TI  - Shape changes at the apex of isolated human cerebral bifurcations with changes in
      transmural pressure.
AB  - The geometry of arterial bifurcations appears to play a significant role in the
      development of vascular disease. We have investigated the changes in bifurcation
      geometry with changes in distending pressure over the range 0.0 to 190.0 mm Hg.
      Five cerebral arterial bifurcations from human subjects were studied. The
      investigation focussed on the shape and on changes in the shape of the leading
      edge of the flow divider (internal apical curve). The curve outline at each
      transmural pressure increment (each 10.0 mm Hg) was photographed and digitized.
      The curves were plotted serially on an expanded scale. Visual comparison of the
      curves indicated flattening in the central region and broadening of the shoulders
      of the curves with increasing transmural pressure. Regression analysis using
      second order polynomials was used to obtain coefficients for equations defining
      short, overlapping segments of each curve. Twenty-four coordinates were used for
      each successive regression. Each curve was characterized by 85 to 100 digitized
      coordinates. The regression equations for each curve were used to calculate the
      curvature parameter, K, and the radius of curvature, R. Three of the five
      bifurcations demonstrated a negative correlation of K with increasing transmural
      pressure (p less than .001). This result supports the visual observation that the
      internal apical curve flattens with increasing transmural pressure. Flattening of
      the internal apical curve together with thinning of the arterial wall with
      increasing transmural pressure would contribute to a stress concentration at the
      apex of a cerebral bifurcation. This stress concentration would be more
      pronounced in the presence of a medial gap at the apex of the bifurcation. It is
      on or near this region of stress concentration that aneurysms develop.

PMID- 6823690
TI  - Lack of evolution of the cerebral blood flow during clinical recovery of a
      stroke.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow and clinical parameters were studied in 30 stroke patients at
      15th, 30th, 60th, 90th days after the cerebral insult (Xenon 133 inhalation
      method). The clinical improvement was not accompanied by a progressive
      normalization of the CBF at rest. No relationship was found between the clinical
      data and the CBF values; either on the affected hemisphere or on the
      contralateral one. It is concluded that measurement of the CBF at rest has no
      predictive value as regards further clinical evolution.

PMID- 6823691
TI  - Association between sympathetic nerve activity and cerebrovascular protection in
      young spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine resting and maximal superior cervical
      sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) at five and ten weeks of age as hypertension was
      developing. Basal cervical sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) of five week SHR was
      58 +/- 3 muv* which was significantly elevated over age-matched WKY (SNA = 30 +/-
      4 muv, *p less than 0.001) and ten week SHR (SNA = 30 +/- 4 muv, *p less than
      0.001) as well as ten week WKY (SNA = 24 +/- 4 muv, *p less than 0.001). Thus,
      during basal conditions five week SHR nerve traffic was approximately two times
      that found in age-matched WKY as well as in ten week SHR and WKY. The peak
      sympathetic nerve activity in response to rapid hemorrhage in five week SHR (215
      +/- 16 muv*) was significantly elevated over the maximal response of WKY (140 +/-
      23 muv) (*p less than 0.02). Ten week SHR also reached a maximal sympathetic
      nerve activity (187 +/- 28 muv*) that was significantly elevated over WKY (100 +/
      15 muv) (*p less than 0.02). Thus, both five and ten week SHR had a greater
      capacity for elevated nerve activity following rapid hemorrhage than age-matched
      WKY. The elevation in resting cervical sympathetic activity in five week SHR, and
      the elevated capacity for sympathetic neural response in both five as well as ten
      week SHR, are consistent with a central nervous system abnormality in SHR that
      could relate to the previously described protective influence of sympathetic
      nerves on SHR cerebral blood vessels as hypertension is developing.

PMID- 6823692
TI  - Hematopoietic toxicity by cimetidine. Reexamination using the antimetabolite
      azathioprine.
AB  - By using an in vitro quantitative clonal culture technique for bone marrow
      granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC), we studied the effects of
      cimetidine alone and cimetidine plus azathioprine on bone marrow toxicity in
      C57BL/6 mice. Femoral bone marrow showed no effect of cimetidine in doses from
      31.25 to 500 mg/kg on either marrow cellularity or the number of GM-CFC.
      Cimetidine pretreatment with single doses of 62.5 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg had no
      effect on the bone marrow suppression of azathioprine at 100 mg/kg. Chronic
      cimetidine pretreatment at 62.5 mg/kg daily for 7 days also had no effects on the
      single-dose azathioprine toxicity. Cimetidine given either before or after
      azathioprine had no effect on the rate or final level of recovery of GM-CFC in
      the marrow after depletion by azathioprine. Cimetidine in vitro at doses of 3.1
      to 200 micrograms/ml caused no alteration in the proliferative response of the GM
      CFC. Analysis of the serum colony-stimulating activity 1 to 24 hr following doses
      of cimetidine of either 12.5 mg/kg or 31 mg/kg caused no change in the serum
      colony-stimulating activity. We could find no evidence that at clinically
      relevant doses, cimetidine increased the hematopoietic toxicity of the
      azathioprine or altered the rate of bone marrow recovery after azathioprine
      depletion.

PMID- 6823693
TI  - Cultured thyroid allografts induce a state of partial tolerance in adult
      recipient mice.
AB  - Thyroid allografts (BALB/c) prepared for transplantation by cyclophosphamide
      pretreatment of the donor, followed by organ culture of donor tissues for 3 weeks
      in a gas phase of 95% O2-5% CO2 function in normal CBA recipient mice for greater
      than or equal to 350 days. Up to 100 days post-transplantation, the tissue can be
      rejected by challenge of the recipient with 10(5) BALB/c peritoneal cells. After
      prolonged residence in the recipient (greater than 100, less than or equal to 350
      days), only a proportion of allografts are rejected when the recipient is
      challenged with 10(5) followed by 10(6) peritoneal cells of donor origin.
      Recipients of long-term allografts are partially tolerant of BALB/c tissues. They
      are hyporesponsive to in vivo challenge with BALB/c spleen cells. However, lymph
      node cells from these animals respond essentially normally to stimulation with
      BALB/c spleen cells in vitro. Tolerant recipients will accept a second uncultured
      BALB/c allograft after a transitory rejection crisis. This crisis is not observed
      in the primary allograft.

PMID- 6823694
TI  - Reconsideration of the lymphatic drainage of the rat testis.
AB  - An extensive investigation of the lymphatic drainage from the rat testis was
      carried out in an effort to detect any characteristics which might be important
      in the immunological privilege the testis extends to allografts. Three different
      methods revealed a consistent and very efficient lymphatic drainage involving
      primarily the iliac and renal lymph nodes and to a lesser extent the external
      lumbar, para-aortic, and posterior gastric nodes. Within minutes, dye or labeled
      cells injected into the testis could be found within regional nodes. Node
      hypertrophy was induced by injecting the testes of F1 hybrids with parental
      strain lymphoid cells (a regional graft-versus-host reaction). Besides indicating
      that efficient filtration occurs in these nodes, this also established that they
      are a hospitable environment for cellular immune reactions. Similarly, the
      capacity of allogeneic cells injected into the testis to induce production of
      humoral alloantibodies by recipients confirms that exposure to antigens via this
      route does not in itself suppress immune responsiveness.

PMID- 6823696
TI  - Bilateral ureteral tumors.

PMID- 6823695
TI  - Bacterial prostatitis caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

PMID- 6823697
TI  - Dorsal approach to upper urinary tract.
AB  - One hundred patients with benign disease of the upper urinary tract were operated
      on: 50 through the standard flank approach and 50 through the dorsal approach.
      The analgesic requirement for control of postoperative pain was less for patients
      operated on through the dorsal incision, and these patients had a shorter
      postoperative ileus and a hospital stay an average of 4.29 days less than those
      operated on through the flank approach. The dorsal lumbotomy incision is
      recommended for certain operations on the kidney and proximal ureter.

PMID- 6823698
TI  - Cystectomy and urinary diversion: a safe procedure for elderly patients.
AB  - Cystectomy and urinary diversion have been done on 28 patients more than age
      seventy with a zero perioperative mortality. Nine female patients with an average
      age of 77.6 years and 19 male patients with an average age of 74.4 years with 3
      patients being greater than age eighty, are the subject of this review.
      Complication rate, blood loss, and hospital stay were not significantly different
      from patients having cystectomy and urinary diversion who were seventy years of
      age or less. Twenty-seven of the 28 patients had muscle-invading tumors; 12
      patients are alive with a median survival of greater than thirty months. Five of
      10 patients who did not receive radiation therapy are alive; 7 of 18 patients who
      received some form of radiation therapy are alive. Six patients had been treated
      initially with 7,000 rad for definitive therapy of bladder carcinomas. In
      carefully selected patients, when appropriate attention is paid to general
      patient status, cardiovascular system, pulmonary function, and fluid and
      electrolyte status, cystectomy and diversion can be completed with an acceptable
      rate of morbidity.

PMID- 6823699
TI  - Primary vesical pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is a rare neoplasm that often occurs with
      the unique symptom complex of micturitional attacks due to increased
      catecholamine secretion during detrusor activity. Analysis of 3 of our patients
      is added to a discussion of 97 cases reported in the world literature.
      Therapeutic decision is complicated by the absence of unequivocal histologic
      criteria of malignancy for these tumors. Future perspectives in determining the
      malignant potential of pheochromocytoma are presented and our treatment plan
      elaborated.

PMID- 6823700
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical course and pathologic findings of 17 patients with
      adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder at Massachusetts General Hospital between
      1962 and 1978. The 12 men and 5 women were between thirty-eight and eighty-six
      years old (mean, sixty years). Five patients had urachal adenocarcinoma, 8 had
      pure adenocarcinoma, and 4 had mixed adenocarcinoma and transitional cell
      carcinoma. Twelve of 17 patients (71 per cent) had muscle invasion (T2-T3), and
      none had evidence of regional or distant metastases at initial presentation. The
      mean follow-up was four years. The treatment modalities included transurethral
      resection alone in 3 patients, radical cystectomy in 4, simple cystectomy in 2,
      salvage radical cystectomy in 1, and partial cystectomy in 7, 3 of whom also
      received radiation therapy. Over-all crude three and five-year survival rates
      were 60 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively; patients with invasive disease
      did poorly regardless of treatment modality. Five of 8 patients who died had
      evidence of metastatic disease, and only 1 patient with invasive disease was
      alive more than five years. However, 2 of 3 patients with invasive urachal
      adenocarcinoma who had preoperative radiotherapy plus partial cystectomy are free
      of disease at thirty-eight and sixty months.

PMID- 6823702
TI  - Strangulated prolapse of female urethra.

PMID- 6823701
TI  - Primary carcinoma of female urethra.
AB  - The clinical and morphologic features in 29 cases of primary carcinoma of the
      female urethra were reviewed. Only 2 of 12 patients treated with radiotherapy are
      known to have failed; one is dead of disease at one year, and the other is alive
      with local recurrence at two years. We consider these results sufficiently
      satisfactory to warrant the continued use of radiotherapy in early-stage lesions,
      as well as in selected patients who have infiltrating carcinoma. Integrated
      therapy consisting of 5,000 rad/25 fractions/five weeks, followed in six weeks by
      radical cystourethrectomy, was used in 7 patients. The low morbidity and absence
      of operative mortality recommend continuation of this aggressive approach for
      infiltrating tumors in selected patients.

PMID- 6823703
TI  - Evoked central somatosensory potentials after penile stimulation in man.

PMID- 6823704
TI  - Operative renal radiography.

PMID- 6823705
TI  - Placement of ureteral catheter inside of Foley catheter.

PMID- 6823706
TI  - Snap-gauge band: new concept in measuring penile rigidity.

PMID- 6823707
TI  - Simple perineal urethrostomy after total penectomy.

PMID- 6823710
TI  - Childhood leiomyoma of kidney.

PMID- 6823708
TI  - Pseudotorsion of testis.
AB  - Unilateral scrotal inflammation was noted in an otherwise asymptomatic three-day
      old male and was initially believed to be due to testicular torsion. It proved,
      however, to be the result of peritonitis from a thermometer-induced rectal
      perforation presenting via a communicating hydrocele. Treatment included primary
      closure of the rectal perforation with colostomy diversion combined with
      parenteral antibiotics. Preoperative evaluation of neonates with acute unilateral
      inflammation of the scrotum and a known hydrocele or hernia with flat and oblique
      x-ray films may reveal significant unsuspected intra-abdominal pathology.

PMID- 6823709
TI  - Paratesticular pseudotumor following herniorraphy.

PMID- 6823711
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis in horseshoe kidney.

PMID- 6823712
TI  - Case profile: right intrathoracic kidney.

PMID- 6823713
TI  - Low urinary citrate excretion in nephrolithiasis.
AB  - The urinary citrate excretion was examined in patients with nephrolithiasis who
      were categorized on the basis of different physiologic or metabolic
      abnormalities. A wide prevalence of low citrate excretion (hypocitraturia) was
      observed, with over one half of our patients with stones exhibiting it.
      Hypocitraturia was found in all patient categories except primary
      hyperparathyroidism and hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. As
      expected, hypocitraturia was present in renal tubular acidosis and in enteric
      hyperoxaluria. However, urinary citrate was also low in absorptive and renal
      hypercalciurias, and in patients in whom an acid-base disturbance was clearly
      excluded.

PMID- 6823714
TI  - Sensitivity of computed tomography in evaluation of pelvic lymph node metastases
      from carcinoma of bladder and prostate.
AB  - Pelvic lymph node evaluation by computed tomography was correlated with
      histologic diagnosis in patients with prostate and bladder carcinoma. Based on
      computed tomography alone, the stage of the carcinomas would have been
      underestimated in 38 per cent of cases and overestimated in 6 per cent. Over-all,
      the sensitivity of pelvic CT scanning in detecting lymph node involvement was
      only 14 per cent with specificity of 89 per cent. Although this series is
      relatively small and both second and fourth generation scanners were used, the
      limitations of computed tomography in recognizing minimal nodal disease or
      microscopic invasion of adjacent organs is reemphasized.

PMID- 6823716
TI  - Adenomatoid prostatic tumor.

PMID- 6823715
TI  - Technical improvement in transcatheter embolization with 1-isobutyl-2
      cyanoacrylate.

PMID- 6823717
TI  - Nerve conduction velocity measurement of dorsal nerve of penis in normal and
      impotent males.

PMID- 6823718
TI  - Understaging and undergrading of prostate cancer. Argument for postoperative
      radiation as adjuvant therapy.
AB  - This report reviews the staging and grading errors that occurred in a consecutive
      series of 14 patients treated for prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy and of
      58 patients treated by both radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
      Almost half of the patients who were in Stages A2, B1, or B2 by clinical criteria
      were in pathologic Stage C when both capsular perforation and seminal vesicle
      invasion were used as the criteria for Stage C disease. Seminal vesicle invasion
      was the more important prognostic factor. Moreover, the pathologic grade of
      cancer, as determined by needle or transurethral biopsy, was underestimated in 39
      per cent of the cases; when the grade was corrected, the patient often was in a
      worse prognostic group than the one originally assigned. Thus, in this series,
      more than 40 per cent of the patients were at high risk of persistent or
      recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy. Radiation was given after
      operation to 22 such high-risk patients and was well tolerated.

PMID- 6823720
TI  - Controlled continuous flow method for transurethral resections.
AB  - Controlled continuous flow is a new method for performing transurethral
      resection. Pumps are guided by an intravesical solid state transducer designed
      into the instrument. There is computer control of pump balance with electronic
      shut-off at maximum pressure limits which are determined by the surgeon. This
      method was used successfully in 75 cases of transurethral resection of the
      prostate gland.

PMID- 6823719
TI  - Results of urinary undiversion in children.
AB  - Urinary undiversion was performed in 31 patients. Preoperative investigation and
      criteria for undiversion are discussed. Renal preservation rate is stable in 28
      of 31 patients and bladder function satisfactory in 30 of 31 patients. Although
      prolongation of life and prevention of renal deterioration are of primary
      concern, psychologic aspects of undiversion must also be considered. Some
      children who underwent urinary diversion have poor renal reserve and eventually
      outgrow their kidneys, thus requiring renal transplantation. Their urinary tracts
      must be prepared for that eventuality.

PMID- 6823722
TI  - Diagnosis and management of asymptomatic renal cell carcinomas in von Hippel
      Lindau syndrome.
AB  - Renal cell carcinomas occurred in 6 of 17 subjects with the von Hippel-Lindau
      syndrome (HLS). In 4 patients, the tumors were discovered by abdominal computed
      tomography (CT) during a prospective study. Abdominal CT is recommended as a safe
      and accurate method for screening patients with HLS for renal cell carcinoma.
      Renal cell carcinoma in HLS tends to be multifocal and bilateral. Because of
      this, it is recommended that the tumors be treated by surgical enucleation rather
      than by more extensive surgical procedures which might ultimately lead to the
      need for dialysis.

PMID- 6823723
TI  - Successful delivery of huge bladder stone with obstetric forceps.

PMID- 6823725
TI  - Renal carcinoma manifesting as breast mass.
AB  - A patient is described who initially presented with Stage I breast carcinoma and
      then with a T2, N0, M0 carcinoma of a kidney with moderately well-differentiated
      clear-cell features. Five years later, a contralateral breast mass developed
      which was histologically identical with renal primary tumor. Breast metastasis
      from renal primary carcinoma has been noted in the literature in 6 other cases,
      although this is only the third actual case report. This is the first case report
      of such a bizarre progression of disease. This patient is currently well, without
      clinically detectable tumor and illustrates the variable nature of metastatic
      renal cancer. The literature on renal cancer metastasizing to the breast is
      reviewed.

PMID- 6823724
TI  - Multiple endobronchial metastases from carcinoma of prostate.

PMID- 6823728
TI  - Intrarenal pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 6823727
TI  - Unilateral renal actinomycosis.

PMID- 6823726
TI  - Deficiency of androgen receptors in male pseudohermaphroditism.
AB  - A diagnosis of androgen receptor deficiency was made in a male with ambiguous
      genitalia during the neonatal period. Since the neonate had a small hypospadiac
      phallus with laboratory evidence of a receptor deficiency and clinical
      unresponsiveness to high levels of androgen, it was decided to assign a female
      gender. Bilateral orchiectomy and phallic recession were performed.

PMID- 6823721
TI  - Immediate surgical management of severe renal injuries in multiple-injured
      patients.
AB  - Between 1969 and 1980, 1,132 renal injuries were recorded in 1,120 patients. Of
      the 129 patients with a severe renal injury (laceration, rupture, pedicle
      injury), 118 (91%) had associated injuries and 101 (86%) required an immediate
      laparotomy by general surgeons for intra-abdominal injury. Immediate surgical
      management was performed on 90 severe renal injuries and resulted in a
      nephrectomy rate of 5 of 55 lacerations (9%), 16 of 17 ruptures (94%), and 10 of
      18 pedicle injuries (56%). Seven of the 18 pedicle injuries (39%) had immediate
      repair with salvage of the kidney. Conservative management was done on 32 severe
      renal injuries. Autopsy revealed 10 severe renal injuries in 9 patients who died
      in the operating room or on admission. A delayed renal operation was required in
      9 (28%), and total renal loss (nephrectomy plus main renal artery injury)
      occurred in 7 of the 32 cases (22%). The severe degrees of renal injury did not
      all resolve spontaneously. Immediate surgical management of the patient with a
      severe renal injury resulted in a nephrectomy rate comparable with that of
      conservatively managed renal injuries.

PMID- 6823729
TI  - Malignant urothelial tumors in childhood.

PMID- 6823730
TI  - Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation of urine after transurethral resection of
      bladder tumor.

PMID- 6823731
TI  - Urologic applications of flexible fiberoptic choledochonephroscope.

PMID- 6823733
TI  - Endoscopic transvesical ureterolithotomy.

PMID- 6823732
TI  - Removal of incarcerated nephrostomy tube with Gruntzig catheter.

PMID- 6823735
TI  - Unusual relationship of multiple renal arteries.
AB  - An unusual cross relationship of two left renal arteries was demonstrated
      angiographically during the investigation of a young man presenting with
      painless, total hematuria after a traffic accident. The upper pole artery arose
      from the aorta caudal to the lower pole artery. In the absence of a malrotation a
      possible embryologic cause has been advanced. It also highlights the advantage of
      combining selective renal arteriography with aortography when multiple renal
      arteries are encountered.

PMID- 6823734
TI  - Case profile: post-traumatic calcified clot.

PMID- 6823736
TI  - Operative placement of indwelling ureteral stent.

PMID- 6823737
TI  - Penile perfusion rates and erection.

PMID- 6823738
TI  - Asymptomatic pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 6823739
TI  - BCG adjuvant therapy in stage D prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 6823741
TI  - Specific complex of the late nonstructural 100,000-dalton protein with newly
      synthesized hexon in adenovirus type 2-infected cells.
AB  - Analysis of cellular extracts of HeLa cells infected with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)
      by immunoprecipitation with antiserum against the late nonstructural 100,000
      dalton (100K) protein revealed the presence of a specific complex between the
      100K protein and newly synthesized hexon molecules. Serological analysis of the
      hexon molecule in the 100K/hexon complex with antibodies specific for hexon
      monomers or trimers showed that only monomeric hexon molecules were associated
      with the 100K protein. By immunofluorescence microscopy this monomeric hexon was
      primarily found in the cytoplasm, whereas the trimeric form was mainly confined
      to the nucleus of infected cells. We conclude that in the cytoplasm of Ad2
      infected cells newly synthesized, monomeric hexon molecules can interact with the
      100K protein. This suggests that the 100K protein may play some role either in
      trimerization of newly synthesized, monomeric hexon molecules and/or in its
      transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.

PMID- 6823740
TI  - Urinary calculi in pregnancy.

PMID- 6823742
TI  - Molecular architecture of bacteriophage T7 capsid.
AB  - To determine the capsid structure of bacteriophage T7, we have investigated
      polycapsids, tubular capsid-related structures isolated from lysates of the T7
      mutant am16. Biochemical analysis shows polycapsids to be composed of gp10, the
      major structural protein of the wild-type capsid. The conformational state of
      gp10 in polycapsids is indistinguishable from that in the mature virus capsid by
      the criteria of surface charge, buoyant density, and insensitivity to proteolysis
      by trypsin. Optical diffraction of electron micrographs of negatively stained
      polycapsids reveals a hexagonal surface lattice of periodicity 12.6 +/- 0.2 nm
      and is used to analyze the distribution of cylindrical foldings of this lattice
      into polycapsids (polymorphic variation). These foldings are found to be related
      to that of the capsid proper through the intrinsic curvature of gp10, each
      folding having a set of lattice lines whose radius of curvature is close to 29
      nm. The fine structure of this surface lattice has been elucidated by digital
      image processing of electron micrographs. The capsomer is shown unequivocally to
      be a hexamer of characteristic morphology. By collating these results with
      earlier observations, we conclude that the structure of the normal T7 capsid is
      an orthodox icosahedron of triangulation class T = 7, composed of 60 hexamers and
      12 pentamers.

PMID- 6823743
TI  - Bacteriophage phi W-14: the contribution of covalently bound putrescine to DNA
      packing in the phage head.
AB  - Bacteriophage phi W-14 is unusual because its DNA contains 12 mol% of the
      hypermodified pyrimidine, alpha-putrescinylthymine. The phi W-14 virion is
      similar in morphology to T4, except that the phi W-14 head is isometric rather
      than prolate, there is no collar-whisker structure associated with the neck, the
      tail fibers are short (approximately 15 nm), and the base plate terminates in
      small plates or knobs rather than spikes. The contractile tail sheath of phi W-14
      appears to have a right-handed helical arrangement of subunits with a pitch in
      the extended form of approximately 20 nm. The "stacked disk" appearance of the
      tail sheath visible on negatively stained particles has a periodicity of 3-4 nm.
      The protein shell of the head has a similar thickness (2-3 nm) to that of T4. The
      phi W-14 virion contains at least 17 different polypeptide species. Based on
      measurements from electron micrographs of negatively stained phage particles on
      the same grid square, the volume of the phi W-14 head was estimated to be
      approximately 72% that of the T4 head. Surprisingly, however, the lengths of the
      DNA molecules released from phi W-14 and T4 heads by osmotic shock were 59.6 +/-
      1.9 and 62.1 +/- 2.4 microns, respectively. am42 is an amber mutant of phi W-14
      in which there is only 5 mol% putThy in the DNA made in the nonpermissive host.
      am42 virions are morphologically normal, but the length of the DNA released from
      these virions is only 53.1 +/- 3.1 microns. We conclude that phi W-14 DNA is
      packed much more compactly than T4 DNA into a virion of similar morphology and
      comparable complexity and that the tight packing is a consequence of, and
      dependent upon, the presence of putThy in phi W-14 DNA.

PMID- 6823744
TI  - Effect of butyrate on adenovirus infection in semipermissive cells.
AB  - Adenovirus 2 stimulated cellular DNA synthesis in quiescent cultures of
      semipermissive tsAF8 cells and 3T3 cells. Such stimulation was inhibited by Na
      butyrate, which also inhibited viral DNA replication in tsAF8 cells. In addition,
      butyrate inhibited the expression of early regions E1A and E2 of adenovirus 2 in
      both tsAF8 and 3T3 cells, while it had little effect on permissive HeLa cells.

PMID- 6823745
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virus. III. Genetic
      analysis of temperature-dependent host range mutants.
AB  - One hundred thirty-three ts mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72 virus were arranged
      into eight complementation groups, A-H, on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)
      monolayer cultures at the restrictive temperature of 40 degrees. The eight
      complementation groups, A-H, on MDCK cells corresponded to the eight
      recombination groups, A-H, on rhesus monkey kidney (RMK) cells, respectively, and
      this suggested that each MDCK complementation group represented one of the eight
      influenza A RNA gene segments. These ts viruses were used to identify the locus
      of the ts mutation in temperature-dependent host range (td-hr) mutants of the
      A/Udorn/72 virus. Sixteen of the 133 ts mutants exhibited distinct host (MDCK)
      dependent restriction of plaque formation at 40 degrees but not at 34 degrees and
      were referred to as td-hr mutants. These 16 td-hr mutants were ts+ (not ts) on
      RMK cells but ts on MDCK cells. The td-hr mutants did not share a common lesion
      and the ts lesions were distributed among the eight complementation groups, A-H,
      when tested on MDCK cells. An analysis of one of the td-hr mutants indicated that
      an extrageneic RMK-dependent suppressor mutation did not account for the td-hr
      phenotype. These data suggested that a host-dependent ts mutation was responsible
      for the td-hr restriction of this mutant. Representation of td-hr mutations in
      each of the eight complementation groups indicates that the influenza A virus
      genome can undergo mutation leading to an altered host range in any of its eight
      RNA segments.

PMID- 6823746
TI  - The ATP requirements of adenovirus type 5 DNA replication and cellular DNA
      replication.
AB  - Several in vitro DNA replication systems were employed to characterize the ATP
      dependency of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA replication. Ad5 DNA synthesis in
      isolated nuclei, representing the elongation of nascent DNA chains, was slightly
      ATP dependent. Reduction of the ATP concentration from the optimum (8 mM) to the
      endogenous value (0.16 microM) reduced Ad5 DNA replication only to 70%. No change
      in the pattern of replication was observed as indicated by the analysis of
      replicative intermediates using agarose gel electrophoresis. ATP could be
      replaced by dATP, but not by GTP or other nucleoside triphosphates. By contrast,
      cellular DNA replication in isolated nuclei from HeLa cells was reduced to 12% by
      the omission of ATP. These differences could not be explained by different ATP
      pools or by effects of ATP on dNTP pools. Cellular DNA replication in contrast to
      viral DNA replication was sensitive to low concentrations of adenosine 5'-O-(3
      thiotriphosphate). Inhibition by this ATP analog was competitive with ATP (Ki =
      0.4 mM). Adenovirus DNA replication by DNA-free nuclear extracts, representing
      initiation plus elongation (Challberg and Kelly, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76,
      655-659, 1979), exhibited a nearly absolute requirement for ATP. ATP could be
      substituted not only by dATP, but also by GTP and dGTP and to a lesser extent by
      pyrimidine triphosphates. Similar results were found when the formation of a
      covalent complex between dCTP and the precursor terminal protein was studied.
      This reaction is essential for the initiation of Ad5 DNA replication. The results
      indicate that different ATP-requiring functions are employed during the
      initiation and elongation stages of adenovirus DNA replication.

PMID- 6823747
TI  - Defective interfering influenza RNAs of polymerase 3 gene contain single as well
      as multiple internal deletions.
AB  - Defective interfering (DI) RNAs of influenza virus arise from polymerase genes by
      internal deletions. Utilizing the recombinant DNA cloning and sequencing
      techniques we have determined the nucleotide sequence of two DI RNAs of L clone
      of A/WSN/33 (L2a-7 and L2a-17) which are of polymerase 3 origin. L2a-7 DI RNA is
      659 nucleotides long and contains a single internal deletion of 1682 nucleotides
      (nucleotide position 273 to 1954) of P3 gene. L2a-17 DI RNA (611 nucleotides
      long), on the other hand, contains two internal deletions: one of 1682
      nucleotides at the identical position as that in L2a-7, the other 48 nucleotides
      at the nucleotide position 2032 to 2079 of P3 gene. Except for a few base
      mismatches the sequence of DI RNAs are identical to the corresponding portion of
      the P3 gene including the 5' and the 3' termini. Since these two DI RNAs contain
      one identical deletion but differ in the other deletion as well as in base
      mismatches, these two DI RNAs appear to originate from a progenitor DI RNA rather
      than independently from the progenitor P3 gene. The sequences around the deletion
      point do not reflect a consensus sequence for the origin of these deletions and
      suggest the role of multiple mechanisms in the generation and evolution of
      influenza DI RNAs.

PMID- 6823748
TI  - Chemical and immunological analysis of the rabies soluble glycoprotein.
AB  - Soluble glycoprotein (Gs), purified from virion-depleted, rabies-infected tissue
      culture fluid, was chemically and immunologically analyzed. A comparison of this
      antigen with the virion-associated glycoprotein showed that Gs lacks 58 amino
      acid residues from the carboxy terminus of the virion-associated glycoprotein.
      Analysis with monoclonal antibodies revealed that all the epitopes of the viral
      glycoprotein are also present in the soluble glycoprotein. However, when tested
      for its ability to protect mice against a lethal challenge infection with rabies
      virus, Gs in contrast to viral glycoprotein, showed no protective activity. These
      results suggest that the carboxy terminus of the rabies virus glycoprotein is
      necessary for its full protective activity even though this portion of the
      glycoprotein molecule does not contain any antigenic determinants.

PMID- 6823749
TI  - The sigma 1 protein determines the extent of spread of reovirus from the
      gastrointestinal tract of mice.
AB  - After intragastric inoculation of adult mice, type 1 reovirus was initially
      concentrated in Peyer's patches over the first 4 hr after inoculation, then
      spread sequentially to the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. For type 3
      reovirus, however, initial entry into Peyer's patches in adult mice was followed
      by loss of viral infectivity so that by 4 hr after inoculation virtually no
      infectious virus was detected in the intestine, and spread to extraintestinal
      tissues did not occur. In 10-day-old mice, type 3 was capable of spread to the
      mesenteric lymph nodes but not the spleen. Thus, as animals aged there was a
      greater restriction of the spread of type 3 from the intestine. Studies using a
      field isolate of type 3 reovirus that is resistant to intestinal proteases, and
      genetic studies utilizing type 1 x type 3 viral reassortants, revealed that the
      viral sigma 1 protein determined the capacity of reovirus to spread from the
      intestine in both adult and 10-day-old mice. Thus, the interaction of reovirus
      with host defense mechanisms, and the age-dependent restriction of spread of type
      3 reovirus from the intestine are mediated by the viral sigma 1 protein.

PMID- 6823750
TI  - [Cytologic characteristics of early stomach cancer].
AB  - The peculiarities of smears obtained from 23 patients with early cancer of the
      stomach were studied with respect to the degree of tumor invasion through gastric
      mucosa. A correlation was established between the background of smears, the
      specific gravity of cancer cells in smears and invasion. The presence of columnar
      cells with atypic nucleoli, elongated and teniform cells with hyperchromatic rod
      shaped nuclei and single cancer cells was shown to be an indirect indication of
      carcinoma in situ and superficial cancer of the stomach. There is a relation
      between the morphology of tumor cells and its histological type rather than the
      degree of invasion through gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6823752
TI  - [Possibilities of partial and total biopsy of polyps of the large intestine
      during fiber-colonoscopy].
AB  - 222 electric polypectomies were performed in the course of fibrocolonoscopy
      carried out in 114 patients. The results of examination of 172 removed neoplasms
      testified to the high effectiveness of the procedure in identifying the
      morphological structure of colonic polyps. Due to application of endoscopic
      polypectomy, which is essentially a total biopsy, histological diagnosis obtained
      on the basis of aiming biopsy was improved or modified in 67% of cases. However,
      aiming biopsy should be used because more than 20% of resected polyps fail to be
      removed from colonic lumen.

PMID- 6823751
TI  - [Endoscopic characteristics of focal hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa].
AB  - A gastroscopic examination of 58 patients with atrophic gastritis established
      focal hyperplasia in 3.5% of cases. Endoscopically, focal hyperplasia appeared as
      flat plaques, tuberosity and short folds. Early plaque-shaped cancer of the
      stomach was suspected in 13 cases which was histologically confirmed in I case.
      Different forms of atrophic gastritis were detected in 56.9% of cases of focal
      hyperplasia by histological examination of the material obtained by aiming
      gastrobiopsy. It is suggested that focal hyperplasia is an endoscopic
      manifestation of dysregeneratory process occurring in gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6823753
TI  - [Growth rate of malignant tumors of the large intestine].
AB  - The rates of colonic tumor growth were studied on the basis of evaluation of the
      case histories of 19 cancer patients in whom dynamic endocolonoscopy had been
      carried out. In some cases, malignant tumors appeared in the colon within 12
      months after previous colonoscopy. Tumors were under 2.0 cm in size and were not
      accompanied by any clinical symptoms. Repeated endoscopic examinations performed
      within a period of 1-3 years detected large tumors which caused the constriction
      of colonic lumen. Clinical symptoms developed in such patients approximately 1-4
      months prior to tumor detection. It is concluded that although the rates of
      growth of colonic malignancies are rather high, tumorigenesis is preceded by a
      long-term stage of preclinical disease.

PMID- 6823754
TI  - [Immunologic disorders and their significance in the treatment of cervical
      cancer].
AB  - The study is concerned with immunologic status (cell-mediated and humoral
      immunity) as a factor influencing the choice of scheme of treatment for carcinoma
      of cervix uteri. The indexes of immunocompetence should be taken into account in
      planning the differential treatment of precancer and early forms of carcinoma of
      cervix uteri. Radiation treatment exerts an immunosuppressive effect. However,
      immunologic indexes are not affected considerably by laser destruction or
      surgery. Cryodestruction has a beneficial effect on cell-mediated immunity.
      Considering these effects as well as the long-term results of different
      procedures of treatment, laser coagulation, cryogenic destruction or
      diathermoconization should be recommended for management of carcinoma in situ of
      cervix uteri, and extensive extirpation of the uterus, unattended by radiation,
      for Tla.

PMID- 6823755
TI  - [The effectiveness of treatment of precancerous diseases of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 6823756
TI  - [Multiple primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6823758
TI  - [Therapeutic approach in cancer of the esophagus with special reference to its
      potential metastasis].
AB  - A long-term experience with dissemination of tumor of different parts of the
      esophagus was evaluated using the results of resected material examination and
      post-operative follow-up. Schemes of treatment for different degree of metastatic
      spread of esophageal cancer are discussed. Diagnostic laparatomy is recommended
      prior to surgery, radiation or combination treatment of tumor of the median or
      lower thirds of the esophagus; laparatomy should remove paracardial lymph nodes,
      nodes of the lesser omentum as well as retroperitoneal nodes located along the
      left gastric artery, those in the vicinity of the bifurcation of gastric artery
      and along the upper boundary of the pancreas. If retroperitoneal lymph nodes are
      involved, resection of the esophagus is useless and radiation treatment may be
      recommended as palliation only. Cases of metastases in paracardial lymph nodes or
      those of the lesser omentum should be provisionally referred to a group of
      candidates for surgery, while the actual expediency of surgical, radiation or
      combined treatment of such cases is subject to further evaluation, as more data
      accumulate. In cases of cancer of the lower third of the esophagus, revision and
      surgery (radiation) should be carried out in the mediastinal lymph nodes located
      along the esophagus up to the bifurcation of the trachea; when the median third
      is involved--along the entire thoracic part of the esophagus; in cases of cancer
      of the upper third--along the esophagus up to the bifurcation of the trachea,
      including the cervicosubclavicular lymph nodes.

PMID- 6823757
TI  - [Synchronous primary multiple cancer of the large intestine associated with
      cancer of the duodenum].

PMID- 6823759
TI  - [Sarcoma in an ectopic kidney located in the ileum].

PMID- 6823760
TI  - [Primary multiple cancer of the lung].

PMID- 6823763
TI  - [Plastic reconstruction of the breast after oncologic interventions].

PMID- 6823762
TI  - [Early detection of breast cancer].

PMID- 6823761
TI  - [Combination therapy of lung cancer].

PMID- 6823764
TI  - [Current trends in clinical chemotherapy of tumors].

PMID- 6823766
TI  - [New branches of cardiac surgery].

PMID- 6823767
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of congenital heart defects].

PMID- 6823765
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 6823768
TI  - [Valve-containing prosthesis in the surgery of heart defects].

PMID- 6823770
TI  - [Criteria for assessing the work prognosis of patients with congenital heart
      defects operated on in childhood].

PMID- 6823769
TI  - [Reconstructive operations on the interventricular septum and right ventricular
      outlet by an approach through the right atrium].

PMID- 6823771
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of the aorta and arteries].

PMID- 6823772
TI  - [X-ray endovascular surgery].

PMID- 6823773
TI  - [Diaphragmatic hernias].

PMID- 6823774
TI  - [Basic principles of repeated and reconstructive operations in postgastrectomy
      syndromes].

PMID- 6823775
TI  - [X-ray endovascular interventions in emergency surgery].

PMID- 6823776
TI  - The possible prognostic value of serum prolactin increment during pregnancy in
      hyperprolactinaemic patients.
AB  - In 15 hyperprolactinaemic, infertile patients achieving 17 bromocriptine-induced
      pregnancies, the presence or absence of prolactin (Prl) increment in the 3rd
      trimester of pregnancy was correlated to the basal Prl levels before treatment
      and after pregnancy. The hyperprolactinaemic patients revealed a marked
      heterogeneity in the Prl increment compared to normal women. Five patients showed
      a pronounced increase in serum Prl during gestation, whereas Prl levels were
      unaltered or decreased slightly in 10 patients. In the latter group of patients
      serum Prl was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower after pregnancy than before
      treatment. Our study indicates that some hyperprolactinaemic patients may benefit
      from a pregnancy, and that these patients probably can be identified, as they do
      not show any significant changes in Prl levels during pregnancy.

PMID- 6823777
TI  - Radioimmunological determination of somatomedin B in healthy children and in
      children with growth disturbances.
AB  - Serum somatomedin B levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 209 healthy
      boys and girls from one month to 16 years of age. Low values were found up to the
      second year life. In the first year the mean level was 13.8 mg/l in girls and
      11.5 mg/l in boys. In older children the values increased to levels between 13
      and 22 mg/l in boys and between 13 and 18.5 mg/l in girls. They were independent
      of the stage of pubertal development. Somatomedin B levels were normal in 71
      children with constitutional growth delay, primordial dwarfism, familial dwarfism
      and other forms of growth disturbance. The mean levels were between 12.1 and 14.4
      mg/l. Values below 6 mg/l were present only in children with hGH deficiency. In
      these patients we could find an increase of the mean level from 4.3 mg/l without
      therapy to 9.4 mg/l under treatment. Thus the determination of somatomedin B
      seems to be useful for the diagnosis of hGH deficiency.

PMID- 6823778
TI  - Radioimmunological measurements of total LH in sheep pituitary cells.
AB  - Procedures commonly used to extract LH from pituitary cells in order to measure
      total cell content were compared in four cell preparations. It was shown in 81
      samples of cells suspended in 1 mM EDTA or 50 mM NaHCO3 that after freezing and
      thawing followed by any of a variety of treatments, there were no significant
      differences in the amounts of LH measured by RIA relative to the arbitrarily
      chosen reference treatment of vigorous pipetting. The additional treatments were
      multiple freezing and thawing, homogenisation, sonication, homogenisation in 25
      100 mM Na2CO3 followed by rapid neutralisation, or none. The consistency of the
      results suggested that the same cellular pools of LH were being made accessible
      for measurement with all treatments. However, use of the more vigorous conditions
      of 1-2.5 M urea, 1% Triton X-100, or sonication on ice in 100 mM Na2CO3 decreased
      the amount of measurable hormone presumably due to its modification. In two cell
      preparations, homogenisation of cells in 100 mM Na2CO3 produced an additional 45%
      of measurable LH not accessible using other treatments nor from the source
      material in two other preparations.

PMID- 6823780
TI  - Total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma: a clinical, radiological and laboratory
      assessment of different procedures and of a new method of gastric reconstruction.

PMID- 6823779
TI  - Natural course of intermittent chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. A case report.

PMID- 6823781
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in the lower urinary tract dynamics of
      prostatectomized patients: a trial with indomethacin and aspirin.

PMID- 6823782
TI  - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in labile arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 6823785
TI  - [The university, forensic medicine and the community].

PMID- 6823784
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum].

PMID- 6823783
TI  - [Rapid treatment of atelectasis in patients with cranio-cerebral injuries].

PMID- 6823786
TI  - [Peripheral tissue oxygenation in patients with congestive heart failure].

PMID- 6823788
TI  - Endocarditis prophylaxis for patients with periodontal disease.
AB  - Since periodontal disease provides a portal of entry for oral microorganisms
      during such common events as toothbrushing and mastication, treatment must
      resolve the inflammatory response if the teeth are to be maintained safely in
      patients at risk of infectious endocarditis. Prophylactic antibiotics should be
      administered during periodontal treatment such as debridement of the periodontal
      pocket and surgical repair of anatomic defects, as well as during oral hygiene
      training. If optimal periodontal health is achieved and maintained, the risk of
      systemic bacteremia is minimal.

PMID- 6823789
TI  - Pitfalls in diagnosing intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - A medical record review of 90 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm
      disclosed a startling incidence of delayed or incorrect diagnosis. In 31 of the
      patients, the diagnosis was not made by the referring physician. Definite
      diagnosis by angiography will detect an aneurysm as small as 2 mm when there is
      no spasm of the parent vessel. A high index of suspicion and the use of computed
      tomography with contrast enhancement are the major tools facilitating diagnosis
      of an intact aneurysm.

PMID- 6823787
TI  - Vasectomy and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6823790
TI  - Barn Itch.
AB  - Particularly in rural settings, Trichophyton verrucosum commonly causes an
      inflammatory tinea infection, sometimes called 'barn itch." There is usually a
      history of contact with animals. The demonstration of clusters of large spores in
      a potassium hydroxide preparation of scrappings obtained from clinically involved
      skin is useful in making a presumptive diagnosis of T. verrucosum infection.
      Cultures frequently are negative. Oral griseofulvin shortens the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 6823792
TI  - Meconium ileus.

PMID- 6823791
TI  - Lumbar puncture in infants.
AB  - Lumbar puncture is indicated in any infant with symptoms suggestive of meningitis
      (seizures, intractable vomiting and unexplained fever) and in the evaluation of
      neonatal intracranial bleeding. The infant must be held firmly in the lateral
      decubitus or sitting position. Under sterile conditions, a 22- to 25-gauge needle
      is inserted into the L3-4 interspace. The most important complication is
      unrecognized compromise of respiratory status.

PMID- 6823793
TI  - Unresolved grief in the family.
AB  - Unresolved grief after a death in the family may have serious consequences not
      merely for individuals but for entire families, from grandparents to
      grandchildren. When the grieving process is abnormal or incomplete, the problem
      may manifest itself in the physician's office. Observation of a family system can
      reveal the extent of pathology and the nature of the blocks that keep grief
      alive. Treatment of unresolved grief ranges from a simple statement of the
      problem to extended therapy. The physician must be aware of this problem in order
      to manage it; the cases in this article illustrate presentations of unresolved
      grief in a variety of family members.

PMID- 6823794
TI  - Principles of managing the high-risk pregnant patient.
AB  - The family physician has opportunities for reducing perinatal morbidity and
      mortality. The potential for a high-risk pregnancy must be recognized. Important
      elements in the management of a high-risk pregnancy include determination of
      fetal age, ultrasound, estriol determination, contraction stress test, nonstress
      test, lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and scalp blood pH measurement. Electronic
      fetal monitoring, including direct techniques, should be used in the course of
      labor.

PMID- 6823795
TI  - Fitness and longevity.

PMID- 6823796
TI  - CT vs angiography.

PMID- 6823798
TI  - Electrophysiologic observations during the spontaneous initiation of ischemia
      induced ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - Electrophysiologic features of spontaneous, ischemia-induced ventricular
      fibrillation were studied in 17 dogs using multiple endocardial bipoles
      positioned in normal and ischemic zones and at the border of ischemic myocardium.
      All dogs showed ventricular tachyarrhythmias prior to the initiation of
      ventricular fibrillation. The heart rate prior to the fatal arrhythmia in the
      ventricular fibrillation dogs was significantly faster than that of
      nonventricular fibrillation dogs. There was no difference in the coupling
      intervals of the initial premature complex between episodic and sustained
      ventricular arrhythmia in most dogs. However, shorter coupling intervals
      initiated sustained arrhythmia in some dogs. Sites of initiation of arrhythmia
      were mostly in the ischemic zone. Furthermore, diastolic electrical activity was
      consistently observed in the ischemic zone during fatal arrhythmia in dogs
      showing diastolic activity. Cycle length during the fatal arrhythmia prior to
      ventricular fibrillation gradually shortened, whereas cycle length of episodic
      ventricular tachycardia remained approximately 200 msec followed by lengthening
      prior to restoration of sinus rhythm. The disparity of local activation (time
      differences between the earliest and latest onset of the activation in the five
      recording sites) increased during the fatal arrhythmia. Examples of progressive
      intraventricular block (Wenckebach-like) between the border and the center of
      ischemic myocardium leading to ventricular fibrillation are resynchronization of
      this disparity leading to the termination of ventricular tachycardia are shown.
      The recording of continuous electrical activity using bipolar electrodes with an
      interelectrode distance of 1 mm suggests a smaller reentrant pathway during fatal
      arrhythmia. Our observations confirm the importance of endocardial recordings
      within ischemic myocardium, and adds new insight into the events leading to both
      episodic and sustained ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6823799
TI  - Electrophysiologic observations on ventricular tachyarrhythmias following
      reperfusion.
AB  - The threat of reperfusion fibrillation could potentially deter attempts of
      reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Delineation of the
      mechanisms of this arrhythmia could pave the way to newer interventions designed
      as prevention or definitive treatment. Therefore the purpose of the present study
      was to investigate the features of initiation of reperfusion-induced ventricular
      fibrillation, and further to distinguish between episodic and sustained
      ventricular arrhythmias following reperfusion. Nine instances of reperfusion
      ventricular fibrillation and five instances of episodic tachyarrhythmia were
      analyzed in the study utilizing endocardial bipolar electrograms from normal,
      ischemic, reperfused, and border of these myocardial segments. In 11 of 14
      instances, the site of initiation of the tachyarrhythmias was in the reperfused
      myocardium; however, maintenance of the arrhythmia defined as diastolic and or
      continuous electrical activity suggestive of reentry was not seen in the
      reperfused myocardium in any of these instances. Diastolic electrical activity
      was observed in 8 of 14 instances, and was seen either in the center or border of
      ischemic myocardium. Neither heart rate or mean aortic pressure was different
      between episodic and sustained arrhythmia groups; however, the initial beat of
      the fatal arrhythmia was significantly more premature than that of episodic
      arrhythmia. In addition, shorter cycle length, greater variations in the cycle
      length, and greater disparity in local activation during the tachyarrhythmia were
      seen in the sustained arrhythmia group compared to the episodic group; cycle
      length increased and the disparity in local activation improved gradually prior
      to the termination of the arrhythmia. There was no particular difference in
      conduction delay immediately prior to reperfusion between control and reperfusion
      ventricular fibrillation groups. We conclude that different mechanisms exist for
      the initiation and maintenance of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Further,
      several features seem to distinguish episodic from fatal arrhythmias following
      reperfusion.

PMID- 6823797
TI  - Use of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia as a guide to antiarrhythmic drug
      therapy in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia.
AB  - From a population of 260 patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia
      (ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia with syncope) we identified
      52 (20%) who had infrequent ventricular premature beats during exercise testing
      and 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring. These patients underwent invasive
      electrophysiologic study utilizing programmed premature stimulation with up to
      three extrastimuli at currents of twice and three times middiastolic threshold.
      The end point for testing was nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT),
      defined as 3 to 20 propagated responses resulting from the last premature
      stimulus. A multiple response was obtained in 45 patients consisting of
      reproducible NSVT in 36 and sustained ventricular tachycardia in nine. The 36
      patients with NSVT underwent 540 electrophysiologic tests with 18 antiarrhythmic
      agents. Suppression of the repetitive response was achieved in 31 of the 36
      patients (86.1%). After an average follow-up of 21 months, one of 31 patients in
      whom the repetitive response had been abolished had recurrent arrhythmia. This
      contrasted with recurrence in two of the five patients in whom NSVT was still
      provoked. During the extensive testing, ventricular fibrillation was not induced.
      Sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred in 27 of the 540 tests (5.0%), but
      cardioversion was required in only 12 (2.2%). We conclude that NSVT constitutes a
      safe electrophysiologic end point for selecting an effective antiarrhythmic
      program in patients who have experienced malignant ventricular arrhythmia but in
      whom monitoring and exercise testing are inadequate to guide therapy.

PMID- 6823800
TI  - Sinus node recovery times following the spontaneous termination of
      supraventricular tachycardia and following atrial overdrive pacing: a comparison.
AB  - We compared the pauses that followed the spontaneous termination of
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with the pauses that followed the cessation of
      atrial overdrive pacing in 21 patients. In 10 patients with abnormal sinus node
      function and in 11 patients with normal sinus node function we recorded the
      spontaneous termination of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in the clinical
      electrophysiology laboratory; a strong correlation (r = 0.94) was found between
      the maximal spontaneous sinus node recovery time and the maximal paced sinus node
      recovery time. A weaker correlation was found between the paced and spontaneous
      sinus node recovery times (r = 0.57) when the spontaneous termination of
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmia was recorded during ambulatory
      electrocardiographic recording in seven patients. Spontaneous sinus node recovery
      times were significantly shorter than maximal paced sinus node recovery times (p
      less than 0.001). However, no significant difference was detected between the
      paced and spontaneous sinus node recovery times when atrial pacing was performed
      at the rate of the tachycardia. We conclude that spontaneous and postpacing sinus
      node recovery times are closely correlated. The paced sinus node recovery time
      is, however, frequently more prolonged than spontaneous sinus node recovery time
      because of probable atriosinus entrance block during rapid supraventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 6823801
TI  - Interactions among the critical factors affecting sinus node function: the
      quantitative effects of the duration and frequency of atrial pacing and of vagal
      and sympathetic stimulation upon overdrive suppression of the sinus node.
AB  - A multifactorial analysis was used in anesthetized dogs in order to characterize
      the effects of the duration of overdrive, the atrial pacing interval, and the
      frequencies of vagal and sympathetic stimulation on overdrive suppression of the
      sinus node. The sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and the summated effect (SE) over
      the first 20 cardiac cycles were measured with various combinations of the
      independent variables. We conclude that (1) both the rate and the duration of
      overdrive have significant effects on SNRT and SE; (2) vagal stimulation has
      greater effects on SNRT and SE than does the rate or duration of overdrive; (3)
      sympathetic stimulation had only a small effect on overdrive suppression; and (4)
      there were significant interactions between vagal stimulation and the duration of
      overdrive and between the duration and rate of overdrive, but not between
      sympathetic and vagal stimulation.

PMID- 6823802
TI  - Clinical course of acute atrial fibrillation treated with rapid digitalization.
AB  - Forty-seven episodes of acute atrial fibrillation (AF) in 45 patients were
      examined prospectively to determine the course of the disorder treated with rapid
      digitalization. Patients received 1.5 mg of digoxin intravenously over 12 hours.
      In 40 of the 47 attacks, reversion to sinus rhythm occurred with no additional
      therapy at 1 to 96 hours (median 4 hours) after beginning digoxin. In thirty-two
      patients, conversion occurred within 8 hours; only one patient showed important
      ventricular slowing before conversion. Thus, if digoxin facilitates conversion,
      it does not do so by slowing the ventricular response. Of the 11 patients still
      in AF at 16 hours, conversion subsequently occurred in only four who were
      receiving digoxin alone. We conclude that the prognosis for quick reversion to
      sinus rhythm in patients with acute AF treated with rapid digitalization alone is
      excellent. If reversion does not occur by 16 to 24 hours, additional measures to
      restore sinus rhythm are indicated.

PMID- 6823803
TI  - Use of flecainide acetate in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions.
AB  - Flecainide acetate, a new benzamide antiarrhythmic agent, was studied after
      single-dose intravenous administration to 35 male and female patients with
      nonlife-threatening premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Prior Holter
      monitoring established that each patient had "stable" PVCs of at least 600/12 hr.
      PCV in 80% of the patients was attributed to underlying coronary heart disease
      and/or Chagas' disease. After bolus injections of flecainide acetate, cardiac
      rhythm was again monitored by Holter ECG recording for 24 hours. All patients had
      100% suppression of PVCs, ranging from 60 to 1440 minutes in duration. The
      average duration of suppression for all patients was more than 8 hours (498
      minutes). Follow-up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours showed statistically significant
      PVC reductions (p less than 0.01) when compared with control rates. Side effects
      were trivial. The extended half-life of this new agent (about 20 hours in cardiac
      patients) may allow a convenient twice-daily dosage schedule.

PMID- 6823805
TI  - Effect of a twelve-hour hiatus in propranolol therapy on exercise tolerance in
      patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - To determine whether propranolol can be administered twice daily without any loss
      of antianginal effect, we studied nine men receiving long-term propranolol
      therapy for stable angina pectoris. Each patient performed bicycle exercise to
      the point of angina on two consecutive mornings. By means of double-blind placebo
      propranolol administration before the test, the study created a situation whereby
      on one day the exercise took place 12 hours after the last dose of propranolol,
      and on the other day 1 1/2 hours after a dose. Despite markedly lower blood
      levels of propranolol on the day that exercise was performed 12 hours after the
      last dose, exercise time to angina was nearly identical on the 2 days. We
      conclude that long-term therapy with propranolol for angina pectoris can be
      administered on a twice daily basis with no loss of effectiveness.

PMID- 6823806
TI  - Natural history of coronary heart disease: a study of 586 men surviving an
      initial acute attack.
AB  - A total of 586 men who survived an initial attack of unstable angina or
      myocardial infarction have been followed for up to 15 years. A policy of early
      mobilization and sustained risk factor advice was employed. A conservative
      approach to treatment was adopted during the acute and follow-up stages. Drugs
      were employed only for symptomatic reasons, and only two patients proceeded to
      coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 80%, 61%, and
      43%. Older patients and those with more severe initial attacks had a higher
      mortality, but these factors did not relate to combined fatal and nonfatal
      recurrence of myocardial infarction. Of 22 studies reviewed, 18 report a higher
      mortality than does our study. Four studies, none strictly comparable, report a
      similar 5-year mortality. A conservative approach to management does not appear
      to be harmful and may be beneficial.

PMID- 6823804
TI  - Atropine-induced cardioacceleration in patients on chronic propranolol therapy:
      comparison with the positive chronotropic effect of isometric exercise.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous atropine administration were examined in
      24 patients on chronic propranolol therapy. In the first 13 patients the safety
      of atropine administration was tested by giving the drug in small increments to a
      total dose of either 1.2 mg (five patients) or 1.7 mg (eight patients). The heart
      rate after atropine administration in these patients varied between 57 and 82 bpm
      and no adverse effects were noted. The other 11 patients received 1.2 mg atropine
      intravenously with hemodynamic measurements obtained prior to and 3 minutes after
      administration of the drug. Heart rate increased from 57.5 +/- 8.7 to 72.8 +/-
      13.9 bpm, mean pulmonary arterial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      declined, and cardiac index increased. Total systemic resistance decreased in
      most of the patients. Isometric exercise performed prior to atropine
      administration in the same 11 patients accelerated heart rate from 57.4 +/- 8.6
      to 68.4 +/- 10.8 bpm. A close correlation, r = 0.909, was demonstrated between
      the postatropine heart rate and the rate during isometric exercise. It is
      concluded that atropine in a dose of 1.2 to 1.7 mg may be administered safely in
      patients on chronic propranolol therapy. Isometric exercise may be useful in
      unmasking vagal tone in beta-blocked patients.

PMID- 6823807
TI  - Assessment of the accuracy of serial electrocardiograms in the diagnosis of
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram (ECG) for the
      presence or absence of acute transmural myocardium infarction (MI) was studied in
      25 patients who died while in hospital for treatment of ischemic chest pain.
      Detailed autopsy studies revealed myocardial necrosis in 17 patients, with the
      ECG accurate in 11 (44%) of the 25 patients. None of the five patients with
      autopsy-proven subendocardial infarction had abnormal Q waves. The admission ECG
      was diagnostic in only 4 of the 17 patients (24%) with infarction. The creatine
      kinase (CK) and CK-MB results agreed with the pathologic findings in 22 of the 25
      patients (88%), were falsely negative in one patient, and falsely positive in two
      of the patients. In this selected population the most reliable diagnostic tests
      were CK or CK-MB isoenzymes. The ECG was frequently unhelpful (7 of 25 patients)
      because of left bundle branch block or paced rhythm, but when unaffected by these
      depolarization abnormalities it was useful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6823808
TI  - Prazosin therapy for refractory variant angina.
AB  - The selective alpha, blocker prazosin was used to abolish Prinzmetal's variant
      angina in six patients. All had had an acute transmural myocardial infarction,
      after which the anginal attacks with transient ST segment elevation developed,
      and three of them had already suffered from variant angina prior to the
      infarction. Therapeutic trials with high doses of nifedipine, verapamil,
      nitrates, beta blockers, and (in one case) phenoxybenzamine were ineffective in
      all six patients. Prazosin, 8 to 30 mg/day combined with low-dose nitrates or
      nifedipine completely abolished the attacks in four patients, markedly reduced
      their frequency and intensity in one patient, and had to be stopped in the sixth
      one because of hypotension and dizziness. Except for this last patient, the drug
      was well tolerated by all the others, and no changes in blood pressure were
      observed. In four patients discontinuation or reduction of prazosin resulted in
      exacerbation of symptoms, but its renewal was followed by disappearance of the
      attacks. Since the mean follow-up period in this study was 4 to 6 months, further
      evaluation appears necessary concerning the long-term effects of this drug in
      Prinzmetal's variant angina.

PMID- 6823809
TI  - Effect of the undisturbed pericardium on left ventricular size and performance
      during acute volume loading.
AB  - Studies in instrumental dogs have suggested that the pericardium alters left
      ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and thus may influence systolic
      performance. However, the instrumentation used in these studies disrupts the
      pericardium and may have influenced the results. We therefore studied five
      conscious dogs by methods not traumatic to the pericardium, before and after
      pericardiectomy. Although heart rate and left ventricular systolic and end
      diastolic pressures were not different before or after pericardiectomy, either at
      rest or during volume loading, end-diastolic volume measured by biplane two
      dimensional echocardiography increased post pericardiectomy at rest from 38 +/- 4
      (SE) to 61 +/- 4 ml (p less than 0.05) and during volume loading from 68 +/- 5 to
      79 +/- 5 ml (p less than 0.005). After pericardiectomy, ejection fraction was
      unchanged, but the peak value of the first derivative of left ventricular
      systolic pressure (dP/dt) increased significantly at rest from 17 +/- 2 to 26 +/-
      4.0 x 10(2) mm Hg/sec. We conclude that pericardiectomy shifts the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume curve to the right and increases the
      systolic isovolumic index of dP/dt in the basal state.

PMID- 6823811
TI  - Reevaluation of the role of atrial systole to cardiac hemodynamics: evidence for
      pulmonary venous regurgitation during abnormal atrioventricular sequencing.
AB  - Twenty open-chest dogs with experimental AV heart block were evaluated
      hemodynamically, angiographically, and by M-mode echocardiography to further
      elucidate mechanisms whereby abnormal AV sequencing results in decreased cardiac
      hemodynamics. During fixed-rate AV pacing, there was a consistent decrease in
      cardiac output, left ventricular and aortic pressures, and left ventricular
      dimensions with an increase in left atrial pressure as the AV interval was
      decreased from 100 to 0 msec, and there were further changes when the AV interval
      was set at -50 and -100 msec. The hemodynamic consequences of atrial fibrillation
      with regular ventricular rhythms were similar to the effects of an AV interval of
      0 msec. It is important to note that retrograde blood flow into the pulmonary
      venous system (pulmonary venous regurgitation) was demonstrated by left atrial
      angiography at AV intervals of both -50 and -100 msec. However, left ventricular
      angiography failed to reveal mitral regurgitation during fixed-rate pacing at any
      AV interval or during atrial fibrillation with regular ventricular rates. Thus,
      during tachyarrhythmias characterized by abnormal AV sequencing, not only is
      there the loss of active atrial contribution to ventricular filling but there is
      also evidence for a retrograde or "negative atrial kick" further compromising
      cardiac hemodynamics.

PMID- 6823810
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic study of right ventricular outflow and great
      artery anatomy in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects and in
      truncus arteriosus.
AB  - In this study, we reviewed M-mode and two-dimensional (2DE) echocardiographic
      observations in 13 patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
      and in six patients with truncus arteriosus in order to attempt to identify
      echocardiographic features distinguishing these two abnormalities in which no
      anatomic connection exists between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
      M-Mode features compatible with the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with a
      ventricular septal defect (VSD) were a small but identifiable space anterior to
      the aorta and/or immobile pulmonic valve echoes appearing to open during diastole
      rather than systole. By 2DE, the proximal and distal segments of the right
      ventricular outflow tract could be imaged and the length of the atretic segment
      estimated. In truncus arteriosus, no outflow tract of the right ventricle could
      be identified by 2DE or M-mode echocardiography, and the origin of the pulmonary
      artery from the truncus could be imaged directly in four patients with type I and
      in one patient with type II truncus. Abnormalities of the truncal valve were also
      present and were imaged by 2DE in three of our five patients. Our study
      identified specific echocardiographic criteria for diagnosing truncus arteriosus
      and pulmonary atresia with VSD and for differentiation between them.

PMID- 6823812
TI  - Bedside diagnosis of right heart myxomas through detection of palpable tumor
      shocks and audible plops.

PMID- 6823813
TI  - Vital capacity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study.

PMID- 6823814
TI  - Elevated blood pressure in school children--prevalence, persistence, and
      hemodynamics: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study.

PMID- 6823815
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation caused by myocardial reperfusion in Prinzmetal's angina.

PMID- 6823816
TI  - Diagnosis of left atrial myxoma by coronary angiography eight years following
      open mitral commissurotomy.

PMID- 6823817
TI  - Elongate thrombus extending from left ventricular apex to outflow tract: a rare
      complication of myocardial infarction diagnosed by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 6823818
TI  - Is it safe to use intravenous verapamil to treat a patient who is taking oral
      verapamil?

PMID- 6823820
TI  - Sustained beneficial effect of nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6823821
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia associated with a left ventricular apex sump aneurysm in
      an adolescent.

PMID- 6823819
TI  - Antiarrhythmic actions of nifedipine in acute myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6823822
TI  - Mechanism of an unusual QRS pattern associated with right ventricular pacing.

PMID- 6823823
TI  - Progressive ECG alterations in metastatic cardiac mural tumor.

PMID- 6823824
TI  - Ambulatory ST segment monitoring.

PMID- 6823825
TI  - Mitral anulus calcification.

PMID- 6823826
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of congestive heart failure--revisited.

PMID- 6823828
TI  - Rx--OTC. New resources in self-medication.

PMID- 6823830
TI  - Potentials for holism in pharmacy.

PMID- 6823831
TI  - Wholesaler or manufacturer--from whom do I buy?

PMID- 6823829
TI  - Ocular bioavailability of topically applied ophthalmic drugs.

PMID- 6823827
TI  - Effect of aspirin in large doses on attacks of variant angina.

PMID- 6823832
TI  - Fetal echocardiography. A tool for evaluation of in utero cardiac arrhythmias and
      monitoring of in utero therapy: analysis of 71 patients.
AB  - Fetal echocardiographic studies were performed in 71 patients referred for
      evaluation of cardiac rhythm disturbances at 24 to 40 weeks' gestation. After 2
      dimensional echocardiographic study of cardiac structure was performed, M-mode
      echocardiograms were analyzed for measurement of cardiac rate, atrioventricular
      contraction sequence, atrioventricular valve motion, and duration of postectopic
      pauses. Arrhythmias were diagnosed in 59 patients. In 34 patients with isolated
      ectopic beats, the arrhythmia resolved during later pregnancy in 26 or within the
      first 5 days of life in 8. Six patients had mild sinus bradycardia and 8 had
      frequent sinus pauses; all 14 had resolution of the arrhythmia during pregnancy.
      Sustained arrhythmias occurred in 11 patients. Deaths occurred when there was
      associated fetal congestive heart failure (hydrops fetalis), structural heart
      disease, or both. M-mode echocardiography diagnosed supraventricular tachycardia
      in 3 fetuses. The echocardiogram was used thereafter for monitoring
      transplacental digoxin therapy.

PMID- 6823835
TI  - Pulmonary vascular disease in secundum atrial septal defect in childhood.
AB  - Pulmonary vascular structure was analyzed in the lungs of 10 patients with a
      secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in whom pulmonary hypertension had developed.
      Four patients were aged 6 months or less, 5 were aged 2 to 9 years, and 1 was 21
      years old. Pulmonary vascular structure was analyzed using lung biopsy tissue in
      5 and autopsy material in the other 5. All the infants presented with heart
      failure and all had a marked increase in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle; only 1
      infant survived surgery. Of the 5 older children, 1 presented with cyanosis, but
      in the rest the ASD was incidental to the presentation. Three patients had severe
      pulmonary vascular disease, similar to that seen in adults with a hypertensive
      ASD. Only 2 older children underwent successful surgery. In 1 child and in the 1
      adult, the severity of the pulmonary vascular disease precluded surgery. The ASD
      was closed in 8 patients, but only 3 survived. Pulmonary hypertension develops
      rarely in secundum ASD in childhood.

PMID- 6823834
TI  - Radionuclide stroke count ratios for assessment of right and left ventricular
      volume overload in children.
AB  - The ratio of left ventricular to right ventricular stroke counts measured by
      radionuclide angiography has been used in adults to estimate the severity of left
      sided valvular regurgitation. The validation of this technique in children for
      assessment of right and left ventricular volume overload is reported herein.
      Radionuclide stroke count ratios in 60 children aged 0.5 to 19 years (mean 11)
      were determined. Based on their diagnoses, the patients were divided into 3
      groups: (1) normal--40 patients with no shunts or valvular regurgitation, (2)
      left ventricular volume overload--13 patients with mitral or aortic
      regurgitation, or both, and (3) right ventricular volume overload--7 patients, 2
      with severe tricuspid regurgitation, 3 with atrial septal defects, and 2 with
      total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The radionuclide stroke count ratio
      clearly differentiated these groups (p less than 0.05): normal patients had a
      stroke count ratio of 1.04 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation), the left
      ventricular volume overload group had a stroke count ratio of 2.43 +/- 0.86, and
      the right ventricular volume overload group had a stroke count ratio of 0.44 +/-
      0.17. In 22 of our 60 patients, radionuclide stroke count ratios were compared
      with cineangiographic stroke volume ratios, resulting in a correlation
      coefficient of 0.88. It is concluded that radionuclide ventriculography is an
      excellent tool for qualitative and quantitative assessment of valvular
      regurgitation in children.

PMID- 6823833
TI  - Assessment of ventricular size and function in congenitally corrected
      transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Twenty-four quantitative cineangiographic studies were performed in 19 patients
      with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries to assess right
      and left ventricular size and function. Ages ranged from 7 days to 44 years and
      associated lesions included ventricular septal defect (13 of 19), pulmonary
      stenosis (9 of 19), and systemic (tricuspid) valvular insufficiency (7 of 19).
      Systemic (anatomically right) ventricular end-diastolic volume was within normal
      limits in most patients and averaged 119% of predicted normal. Pulmonary
      (anatomically left) ventricular end-diastolic volume also was normal in most
      patients, averaged 112% of predicted, and was not different from systemic (right)
      ventricular end-diastolic volume. Systemic ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF)
      averaged 0.61 +/- 0.02 and was not different from pulmonary ventricular ejection
      fraction (LVEF) (0.65 +/- 0.02), but important differences were apparent when age
      was considered. With exclusion of 2 patients with hypoplastic systemic ventricles
      and 2 studies performed less than 6 months after open heart surgery, all 12
      patients aged less than 10 years had a normal RVEF, whereas 2 of 5 patients aged
      greater than 17 years had a definitely low RVEF and 1 of 5 had a value at the
      lower limit of normal. In children, systemic and pulmonary ventricular pump
      function is usually normal in congenitally corrected transposition of the great
      arteries and any deviation from normal should suggest ventricular hypoplasia or
      an increase in afterload. After childhood, systemic ventricular dysfunction is
      more common and may reflect the inability of the anatomic right ventricle to
      function as the systemic pumping chamber over a normal lifetime in most patients
      with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

PMID- 6823836
TI  - Clinical follow-up study of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after
      operative repair of a secundum type atrial septal defect in adults.
AB  - Adults with isolated secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) may present with
      paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias. The clinical course of these rhythmic
      disturbances after correction of the ASD is unknown. Of 188 patients aged 44
      years old or older with isolated ASD, 27 (14%) (mean age 52.7 years, range 44 to
      71) had documented paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias preoperatively: 16 had
      paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 2 had atrial flutter, and 9 had supraventricular
      tachycardia. Among these 3 groups, there were no differences in age, sex, New
      York Heart Association class, duration of preoperative symptoms, mean right
      atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures, shunt size, atrial size, or follow-up
      period. After operative repair, follow-up data were available in all patients for
      a mean of 12 years (range 1.5 to 25). Of the 16 patients with preoperative
      paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 14 (88%) continued to have increasingly frequent
      paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, culminating in sustained atrial fibrillation. In
      1 of the 2 patients with paroxysmal atrial flutter, sustained atrial fibrillation
      developed. Of the 9 patients with preoperative paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia, 5 had no further episodes of this arrhythmia postoperatively.

PMID- 6823837
TI  - Epicardial and endocardial activation in patients with endocardial cushion
      defect.
AB  - Epicardial and left ventricular endocardial activation were assessed in 5
      patients (aged 4 months to 9.5 years) with endocardial cushion defect (ECD)
      during surgical repair. Epicardial activation was recorded from 40 to 47 sites
      over the epicardium; left ventricular endocardial activation was measured at 3
      sites immediately after institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Compared with the
      reported activation sequence in normal hearts, the pattern of excitation in
      hearts of patients with ECD was abnormal; epicardial excitation began at the left
      ventricular diaphragmatic surface and spread laterally and anteriorly over the
      anterobasal left ventricle. It then merged with right ventricular wavefronts
      ending along the right ventricular anterior atrioventricular groove and outflow
      tract. Left ventricular endocardial activation also occurred earliest in the
      diaphragmatic segment of the left ventricle with later wavefronts recorded
      laterally and anteriorly. This study demonstrates, for the first time in human
      subjects, correlation between left ventricular epicardial and endocardial
      activation in patients with ECD. The data indicate that earliest endocardial and
      epicardial activation occurs at the left ventricular diaphragmatic segments of
      the heart, and are consistent with the known posterior and inferior displacement
      of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system in patients with ECD.

PMID- 6823839
TI  - Supraventricular tachycardia in infants: use of the "diving reflex".
AB  - The effectiveness of the "diving reflex" in treating paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia (PSVT) in 10 infants aged under 6 months is demonstrated. No rhythm
      disturbances were encountered during the maneuver, even in patients receiving
      digitalis. The recommended water temperature is 5 degrees C and the total time of
      facial immersion, between 6 and 7 seconds. The diving reflex might be considered
      the first therapeutic approach in infants under 6 months old with PSVT.

PMID- 6823838
TI  - Atypical Fallot's tetralogy with doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal
      defect. Diagnostic value of 2-Dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Five patients with clinical features of tetralogy of Fallot had subarterial
      doubly committed ventricular septal defect (VSD) with absence or deficiency of
      the infundibular septum. Two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography differentiated
      this special group from those with the usual Fallot's anatomy. In addition to the
      long-axis view of the left ventricle which showed the subaortic VSD and the
      aortic and mitral fibrous continuity, the short-axis view at the cardiac base
      clearly demonstrated the subpulmonary extension of the VSD in the atypical group.
      Two-dimensional echocardiography was found superior to biplane angiography, which
      in 3 patients suggested the erroneous diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle
      with pulmonic valve stenosis. This variant form of Fallot's tetralogy poses
      special surgical problems.

PMID- 6823840
TI  - Impact of 2-Dimensional echocardiography on the management of distressed newborns
      in whom cardiac disease is suspected.
AB  - The course and management of 40 consecutive newborns (aged less than 2 weeks) who
      presented with signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease were reviewed to
      determine the impact of 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography on their subsequent
      management. Of the 40 patients with congenital heart disease, 60% did not undergo
      cardiac catheterization. Forty-two percent of the patients who were treated
      surgically went directly to operation without preoperative cardiac
      catheterization. Only 40% of the patients with congenital heart disease required
      cardiac catheterization in the newborn period, and 43% of these procedures were
      primarily therapeutic (that is, balloon atrial septostomy). In each patient 2-D
      echocardiography correctly identified the major cardiac malformation and there
      was good agreement with angiographic, surgical, and autopsy findings. The most
      commonly overlooked defect was a patent ductus arteriosus. Thus, 2-D
      echocardiography not only allows diagnosis of congenital heart disease in the
      newborn but can expedite clinical management. No longer is cardiac
      catheterization necessarily the primary means for an anatomic diagnosis of
      congenital cardiac malformations in the newborn.

PMID- 6823841
TI  - Rest and exercise ventricular function in adults with congenital ventricular
      septal defects.
AB  - Rest and exercise right and left ventricular function were compared using
      equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography in 19 normal sedentary control
      subjects (mean age 28 years, range 22 to 34) and 34 patients with hemodynamically
      documented congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) (mean age 27 years, range
      20 to 40). The 34 patients with VSD were divided into 3 groups: those in Group 1
      (17 patients) had pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratios of less than 2 to 1;
      those in Group 2 (12 patients) had prior surgical closure of VSD (mean interval
      from surgery 17 years, range 9 to 22), and those in Group 3 (5 patients) had
      Eisenmenger's complex. Gated radionuclide angiography was performed at rest and
      during each level of graded supine bicycle exercise to fatigue. Heart rate, blood
      pressure, maximal work load achieved, and right and left ventricular ejection
      fractions were assessed. The control subjects demonstrated an increase in both
      the left and right ventricular ejection fractions with exercise (0.70 +/- 0.07 to
      0.79 +/- 0.05 and 0.46 +/- 0.06 to 0.57 +/- 0.04; p less than 0.001 for left and
      right ventricles, respectively). All study groups failed to demonstrate an
      increase in ejection fraction in either ventricle with exercise. Furthermore,
      resting left ventricular ejection fraction in Groups 2 and 3 was lower than that
      in the control subjects (0.59 +/- 0.09 and 0.54 +/- 0.06 versus 0.70 +/- 0.07; p
      less than 0.001) and resting right ventricular ejection fraction was lower in
      Group 3 versus control subjects (0.30 +/- 0.07 versus 0.46 +/- 0.06; p less than
      0.001). Thus (1) left and right ventricular function on exercise were abnormal in
      patients with residual VSD as compared with control subjects; (2) rest and
      exercise left ventricular ejection fractions remained abnormal despite surgical
      closure of VSD in the remote past; (3) resting left and right ventricular
      function was abnormal in patients with Eisenmenger's complex; (4) lifelong volume
      overload may be detrimental to myocardial function.

PMID- 6823842
TI  - Prognosis of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in infancy.
AB  - Medical and surgical advances have improved the outlook for infants with
      symptomatic coarctation of the aorta. To help predict the clinical course of
      individual patients and to aid in individualizing their treatment, a 10-year
      experience with this condition was reviewed. Of 97 infants with symptomatic
      coarctation, 10 had isolated defects. In these patients, medical treatment was
      successful and surgical intervention could be postponed to allow for growth. The
      87 other patients with associated cardiac defects were generally sicker at
      presentation and required earlier operation. Eleven of these died before surgical
      correction, 10 died at the time of repair, and 13 died later. The overall
      survival rate after 8 years was 62%, with most deaths occurring in the first 6
      months of life. Late surgical results are flawed by a 32% rate of residual
      coarctation. Late postoperative hypertension is uncommon, and is usually
      attributable to a residual coarctation.

PMID- 6823843
TI  - Equilibrium radionuclide gated angiography in patients with tricuspid
      regurgitation.
AB  - Equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography was performed in 2 control groups (15
      patients with no organic heart disease and 24 patients with organic heart disease
      but without right- or left-sided valvular regurgitation) and in 9 patients with
      clinical tricuspid regurgitation. The regurgitant index, or ratio of left to
      right ventricular stroke counts, was significantly lower in patients with
      tricuspid regurgitation than in either control group (range and mean +/- standard
      error of the mean 0.4 to 1.0, 0.7 +/- 0.1 versus 1.0 to 1.5, 1.3 +/- 0.1 and 1.0
      to 2.9, 1.5 +/- 0.1, respectively, p less than 0.001). Time-activity variation
      over the liver was used to compute a hepatic expansion fraction which was
      significantly higher in patients with tricuspid regurgitation than in either
      control group (1.4 to 11.4, 5.8 +/- 1.0% versus 0.6 to 3.4, 1.9 +/- 0.3% and 1.0
      to 5.1, 2.3 +/- 0.2%, respectively, p less than 0.001). Fourier analysis of time
      activity variation in each pixel was used to generate amplitude and phase images.
      Only pixels with values for amplitude at least 7% of the maximum in the image
      were retained in the final display. All patients with tricuspid regurgitation had
      greater than 100 pixels over the liver automatically retained by the computer.
      These pixels were of phase comparable to that of the right atrium and
      approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the right ventricle. In contrast, no
      patient with no organic heart disease and only 1 of 24 patients with organic
      heart disease had any pixels retained by the computer. In conclusion, patients
      with tricuspid regurgitation were characterized on equilibrium gated angiography
      by an abnormally low regurgitant index (7 of 9 patients) reflecting increased
      right ventricular stroke volume, increased hepatic expansion fraction (7 of 9
      patients), and increased amplitude of count variation over the liver in phase
      with the right atrium (9 of 9 patients).

PMID- 6823845
TI  - Regurgitation of prosthetic heart valves: dependence on heart rate and cardiac
      output.
AB  - Prosthetic heart valves exhibit closure and leakage backflow; however, no well
      controlled study to evaluate the influence of factors such as cardiac output and
      heart rate on backflow has been reported to date. Four clinically used prosthetic
      aortic valves (size 27 mm)--St. Jude Medical, Bjork-Shiley Spherical Disc, Bjork
      Shiley Convexo Concave, and Starr-Edwards model 1260--were studied in the aortic
      chamber of a pulse duplication system at heart rates of 50, 80, 110, and 140
      beats/min, cardiac output of 2, 4, 6, and 8 liters/min, and mean aortic pressure
      of 100 mm Hg. Regurgitation was calculated in percentage and found to vary
      directly with heart rate and inversely with cardiac output. The range of values
      obtained were 5.5% for the Starr-Edwards model 1260 valve at 110 beats/min and 8
      liters/min, to 37.5% for the Bjork-Shiley Convexo Concave valve at 140 beats/min
      and 2 liters/min. Regurgitation was also calculated in milliliters/stroke and
      ranged from 3.4 ml/stroke for the Starr-Edwards model 1260 valve at 140 beats/min
      and 2 liters/min, to 17.3 ml/stroke for the Bjork-Shiley spherical disc valve at
      50 beats/min and 2 liters/min. Regurgitation associated with prosthetic heart
      valves may present a problem clinically, particularly under conditions of low
      cardiac output and tachycardia.

PMID- 6823844
TI  - The apex impulse in mitral stenosis: graphic explanation of the palpable
      movements at the cardiac apex.
AB  - Simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms and apexcardiograms of 39 patients with
      mitral stenosis (MS) were retrospectively analyzed. A notch on the upstroke of
      the apexcardiogram coincidental with the first heart sound (S1) occurred in 18
      (47%) of the patients. The notch ratio or vertical distance from the onset of the
      apical impulse to the notch ratio or vertical distance from the onset of the
      apical impulse to the notch as a percentage of the total upstroke was measured
      and compared with the mean mitral diastolic gradient obtained at cardiac
      catheterization. Statistical analysis showed a significant relation (r = 0.61; p
      less than 0.01) between notch ratio and the mean mitral diastolic gradient. This
      study reaffirms that the complex palpable movements at the cardiac apex,
      consisting of a "tap" representing S1 occurring perceptibly after the onset of
      the apex impulse itself, are a useful diagnostic sign of MS. Furthermore, a
      graphic measurement of the extent of delay of S1 with respect to the onset of the
      apical thrust can provide a rough measure of the severity of the valvular
      obstruction.

PMID- 6823848
TI  - Normal left atrial function determined by 2-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - To obtain normal values for left atrial function noninvasively, volumes of the
      left atrium and ventricle were calculated in 52 volunteers by 2-dimensional
      echocardiography. A light pen digitizing and computation system, controlled by a
      microprocessor, was used to outline the left atrium and ventricle in orthogonal
      apical views. Then, to calculate end-systolic and end-diastolic atrial and
      ventricular volumes, a modified Simpson's rule formula was used. End-systolic
      left atrial volume (mean +/- standard deviation) was 37 +/- 11.7 ml or 21 +/- 6.6
      ml/m2. The change in left atrial volume from end-systole to end-diastole was 24
      +/- 7.6 ml or 13.5 +/- 4.3 ml/m2, which represented 37 +/- 12.9% of left
      ventricular stroke volume. The mean fractional emptying of the left atrium was 65
      +/- 8.9% and the conduit volume was 41 +/- 14.0 ml or 23 +/- 7.9 ml/m2. These
      values are similar to those reported in studies in which left atrial function was
      calculated from contrast angiography.

PMID- 6823847
TI  - Assessment of the cardiac effects of hemodialysis with systolic time intervals
      and echocardiography.
AB  - The acute effects of hemodialysis on left ventricular (LV) function were studied
      with the use of externally recorded LV systolic time intervals and
      echocardiography; 10 patients with normal or near-normal predialysis LV function
      and no circulatory congestion were studied. Hemodialysis significantly decreased
      the LV ejection time (LVET) from 270 +/- 9 ms to 237 +/- 10 ms (p less than
      0.001); no significant change was noted in the preejection period (PEP). The
      PEP/LVET ratio increased from 0.41 +/- 0.05 to 0.45 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.05).
      The LV end-diastolic dimension decreased from 5.3 +/- 0.3 cm to 4.8 +/- 0.3 cm (p
      less than 0.001). Fractional shortening and ejection fraction did not change
      significantly, but hemodialysis slightly increased mean VCF from 1.2 +/- 0.1 s-1
      to 1.4 +/- 0.1s-1 (p less than 0.005). Hemodialysis was associated with a 17%
      decrease (87 +/- 8 ml to 72 +/- 7 ml; p less than 0.001) in LV stroke volume as
      calculated from echocardiographic data. Small changes in heart rate and blood
      pressure were insignificant. We conclude that the postdialysis reduction in
      stroke volume was due primarily to an acute decrease in LV preload; dialysis also
      appears to be associated with a small increase in the LV contractile state.

PMID- 6823846
TI  - Noninvasive detection of active pericardial bleeding using cardiac blood pool
      scintigraphy.
AB  - The diagnosis of active pericardial bleeding has traditionally depended on an
      invasive documentation by needle aspiration, angiography, or direct inspection.
      Blood pool scintigraphy performed in 2 patients just before and after the
      development of hemopericardium revealed unique images in which acute pericardial
      bleeding manifested itself by an additional blood pool adjacent to the cardiac
      chambers. With appropriate attention to technical factors, such distinctive
      images should be highly specific for active bleeding into the pericardial sac.

PMID- 6823849
TI  - Mechanisms for decreased exercise capacity after bed rest in normal middle-aged
      men.
AB  - The mechanisms responsible for the decrease in exercise capacity after bed rest
      were assessed in 12 apparently healthy men aged 50 +/- 4 years who underwent
      equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy during supine and upright multistage
      bicycle ergometry before and after 10 days of bed rest. After bed rest,
      echocardiographically measured supine resting left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume decreased by 16% (p less than 0.05). Peak oxygen uptake during supine
      effort after bed rest was diminished by 6% (p = not significant [NS]), whereas
      peak oxygen uptake during upright effort declined by 15% (p less than 0.05).
      After bed rest, increases in heart rate were also greater during exercise in the
      upright than in the supine position (p less than 0.05). Values of left
      ventricular ejection fraction increased normally during both supine and upright
      effort after bed rest and were higher than corresponding values before bed rest
      (p less than 0.05). After bed rest, increased left ventricular ejection fraction
      and heart rate largely compensated for the reduced cardiac volume during supine
      effort, but these mechanisms were insufficient to maintain oxygen transport
      capacity at levels during upright effort before bed rest. These results indicate
      that orthostatically induced cardiac underfilling, not physical deconditioning or
      left ventricular dysfunction, is the major cause of reduced effort tolerance
      after 10 days of bed rest in normal middle-aged men.

PMID- 6823851
TI  - Papillary muscle rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: analysis of 17
      patients.
AB  - The records of 17 patients (10 men and 7 women) with the diagnosis of acute
      papillary muscle rupture secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were
      reviewed to determine the clinical course and pathologic features of this entity.
      Eight patients underwent operation after papillary muscle rupture had been
      diagnosed, and 9 had the diagnosis confirmed at autopsy without a prior surgical
      procedure. The ages were 44 to 80 years (mean 64). The site of AMI was
      inferolateral in 15 and anterior in 2. The recorded onset of mitral regurgitation
      ranged from less than 24 hours to 28 days after AMI (mean 6 days). Of the 11
      patients presenting with pulmonary congestion alone, 6 remained stable and had
      subsequent mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft operation;
      however, 5 patients' condition initially stabilized with medical therapy and then
      suddenly deteriorated after a variable period (1 to 60 days), followed by death.
      Of the 6 patients who presented with systemic hypotension and pulmonary
      congestion, 4 were treated medically and died; 1 of the 2 who had surgical
      treatment survived. The extent of the AMI at autopsy was small and was limited to
      the subendocardium in half of the patients. Significant coronary artery disease
      was limited to a single vessel in 7 of 14 patients. The unpredictable and rapid
      clinical deterioration and the limited extent of coronary atherosclerotic disease
      and infarct size suggest that early surgical repair should be undertaken in
      patients with papillary muscle rupture after AMI.

PMID- 6823853
TI  - Segmental right ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: two
      dimensional echocardiographic study in 63 patients.
AB  - Right ventricular (RV) segmental contraction was studied in 63 patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (MI), using 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography.
      Group A included 32 patients with ischemic RV dysfunction: 19 had a
      disproportionate increase in right atrial pressure at the time of the examination
      (Group AI) and in 13 patients, right atrial pressure was normal when the
      echocardiogram was obtained (Group AII). Group B included 31 patients without
      ischemic RV dysfunction. Alkinesia or dyskinesia of the RV wall was found in 30
      patients: 19 from Group AI, 8 from Group AII, and 3 from Group B. Asynergy could
      be identified in all segments of the RV wall including the outflow tract, RV
      apex, and anterior wall, but was more frequently found in the posterior wall (29
      patients), best seen in the transversal subcostal short-axis view. A significant
      difference was found either in the frequency of wall motion abnormalities or in
      the number of segments with asynergy among the 3 groups (p less than 0.001).
      However, asynergy of the RV wall may be present in some patients with normal
      right heart hemodynamic function, suggesting that asynergy may be more sensitive
      than hemodynamic function in the diagnosis of acute RV infarction. Paradoxical
      septal motion was found in 8 patients, all in Group AI, and all had a right
      atrial pressure equal to or greater than pulmonary capillary pressure.

PMID- 6823850
TI  - Can noninvasive exercise test criteria identify patients with left main or 3
      vessel coronary disease after a first myocardial infarction?
AB  - This study attempts to determine whether exercise treadmill testing with
      clinical, electrocardiographic, and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging
      data can identify which patients have left main or 3-vessel (anatomically high
      risk) coronary artery disease (CAD) after their first transmural myocardial
      infarct (MI). Twelve exercise test criteria for high-risk disease were compared
      in 40 patients referred for cardiac catheterization; 34 had a history of chest
      pain and 17 had angiographically defined high-risk CAD. A thallium image defect
      outside the vascular distribution of the MI was the most reliable criterion to
      distinguish patients with high-risk CAD (p = 0.00052 for Fisher's exact test of
      discrimination). Thallium imaging was somewhat more sensitive (92 versus 65%, p =
      0.108) when patients with negative thallium imaging criteria who failed to
      achieve 85% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate were excluded. Failure to
      achieve 85% of predicted heart rate was by itself a useful criterion for
      detecting high-risk CAD (p = 0.017), especially in patients not taking
      propranolol (p = 0.004). Development of positive S-T segment depression at less
      than 70% predicted heart rate also discriminated left main or 3-vessel disease
      from less extensive CAD (p = 0.016). Other criteria failed to discriminate
      significantly between high-risk and less extensive CAD in patients after their
      first MI (p greater than 0.05). S-T segment depression (p = 0.199) or chest pain
      (p = 0.577) during exercise testing were particularly unreliable. Further, none
      of the criteria for high-risk CAD were influenced by irreversible left
      ventricular dysfunction. It is concluded that patients with thallium imaging
      defects outside the region of the infarct, decreasing blood pressure during
      exercise, failure to achieve 85% of predicted heart rate, or S-T depression at
      less than 70% of predicted heart rate have a high probability of having left main
      or 3-vessel disease. Patients without these criteria have a very low probability
      of having high-risk CAD and probably do not need coronary angiography for the
      purpose of excluding these high-risk coronary lesions after a first MI.

PMID- 6823852
TI  - Evaluation of a QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size. III.
      Correlation with quantitative anatomic findings for inferior infarcts.
AB  - This study evaluated by quantitative autopsy correlation a previously developed
      scoring system for estimating the size of myocardial infarcts based on the QRS
      complex of the electrocardiogram. This system was tested using electrocardiograms
      from patients with infarcts shown by autopsy to predominate in the inferior third
      of the left ventricle. The study was limited to patients whose electrocardiogram
      did not indicate left or right ventricular hypertrophy, left or right bundle
      branch block, or left anterior or posterior fascicular block. Thirty-one patients
      from 6 medical centers met these criteria. In the electrocardiogram of 28 of the
      31 patients (90%), lead a VF exhibited a Q wave of at least 30 ms. The
      correlation coefficient between the total QRS score and the percent infarction of
      the left ventricle was 0.74. In patients without confounding factors in the
      electrocardiogram and with single infarcts, the electrocardiogram provides a
      marker for infarcts in the inferior third of the left ventricle and a
      quantitative QRS scoring system provides an estimate of infarct size.

PMID- 6823854
TI  - Variable threshold exertional angina in patients with transient vasospastic
      myocardial ischemia. Repeat exercise test results and therapeutic implications.
AB  - Thirty-five of 70 patients with vasospastic angina at rest complained of chest
      pain during exercise or during usual daily activity. In 22, the angina threshold
      was described as variable during exercise: that is, the amount of exertion that
      induced angina was not always the same. In 12 patients with variable threshold
      exertional angina, 3 exercise tests performed in the morning on different days
      yielded different results, because chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic
      changes occurred at different work loads with a wide range in heart rate-systolic
      pressure product. Two patients, in whom great cardiac vein flow was measured
      during exercise before and after taking nifedipine, tolerated heavier work loads
      after receiving the drug, with a more marked increase in flow during exercise. It
      is concluded that variable threshold exertional angina can be objectively
      demonstrated by repeat exercise tests in patients with vasospastic angina.
      Variability of the angina threshold may be due to a functional mechanism that
      causes myocardial ischemia in addition to the increased myocardial metabolic
      requirements provoked by exercise. Because in such patients fluctuations in
      coronary arterial tone play an important role in determining the response to
      exercise, calcium antagonistic drugs, which lower coronary tone and prevent the
      occurrence of coronary spasm, are effective in increasing exercise capacity.

PMID- 6823855
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in the very elderly. Analysis of 40 necropsy patients aged
      90 years or over.

PMID- 6823857
TI  - Determination of the angiographic appearance of coronary collateral vessels: the
      importance of supplying and recipient arteries.

PMID- 6823858
TI  - Identification of septal ischemia during exercise by Q-wave analysis: correlation
      with coronary angiography.
AB  - Septal Q-wave amplitudes were studied in lead CM5 to evaluate its utility in
      predicting segmental coronary artery pathoanatomy. Q-wave amplitudes were
      measured in 41 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) before and immediately
      after treadmill exercise. All patients studied had either significant single
      vessel CAD (greater than 70% diameter reduction) or normal coronary anatomy; 13
      had left anterior descending (LAD) CAD, 8 had right coronary occlusions, 8 had
      left circumflex (LC) CAD, and 12 had angiographically normal coronary arteries.
      Septal Q-wave amplitude measurements at rest and during peak exercise were
      recorded in 0.5 mm increments and classified as increasing in 20 patients,
      decreasing in 8, and no change in 13 with exercise. All 13 patients with isolated
      LAD narrowing had either no change (5 patients) or a decrease (8 patients) in the
      septal Q wave with exercise. Statistical analysis revealed 62% sensitivity and
      100% specificity for single LAD narrowing if a decreasing Q wave was noted with
      exercise. Patients with isolated right or LC CAD or normal coronary anatomy had
      mixed septal Q-wave responses to exercise. Only patients with LAD narrowing had
      reductions in Q-wave amplitude with treadmill exercise. This finding suggests
      that low Q-wave voltage and its failure to increase after exercise imply abnormal
      septal activation, reflecting loss of contraction associated with ischemia from
      LAD narrowing.

PMID- 6823856
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent, flecainide (R-818), in
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of flecainide acetate, a new class I antiarrhythmic
      agent, were studied in 10 patients with coronary heart disease. The drug was
      injected intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg over 30 minutes. The mean drug plasma
      level achieved was 394 ng/ml (range 329 to 470). The heart rate did not change,
      but a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in P-R (+17%), QRS (+15%), and Q-T
      (+7%) duration occurred after drug administration. Negative inotropic effects
      also were observed and consisted of an increase (p less than 0.01) in pulmonary
      wedge pressure (+27%) and a decrease (p less than 0.01) in stroke index (-10%),
      left ventricular stroke work index (-12%), and left ventricular ejection rate (
      11%). No significant change in mean aortic pressure or systemic and pulmonary
      vascular resistance occurred. Left ventriculography performed after drug infusion
      revealed a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in systolic volume (+9%) and a
      decrease in ejection fraction (-9%) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening (Vcf) (-13%). A progressive and significant decrease of dP/dt was
      observed during drug infusion, but 15 minutes after the injection, dP/dt had
      returned to near basal values. Thus, flecainide acetate has slight, but
      significant negative inotropic effects, particularly conspicuous during drug
      infusion. The drug should be administered with caution in patients with poorly
      compensated heart.

PMID- 6823860
TI  - R-wave amplitude change during aerobic exercise in hypertensive adolescents after
      treatment.
AB  - This study attempts to determine whether the blunted reduction in R-wave
      amplitude during progressive aerobic exercise observed in adolescents with
      systemic hypertension could be altered by pharmacologic therapy to reduce blood
      pressure. Twenty-nine hypertensive adolescents were randomly assigned to
      treatment with either a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, or a centrally acting
      agent, clonidine. After 16 weeks of therapy, casual blood pressure was
      significantly reduced in both groups. Repeat exercise stress testing on therapy
      demonstrated a significant change in R-wave response. In both treatment groups
      the change in R-wave amplitude during exercise corresponded with the R-wave
      response pattern observed in normotensive control subjects. These observations
      indicate that the altered R-wave amplitude response to exercise observed in young
      hypertensive subjects is reversible and suggest that the altered R-wave response
      before treatment is related to a higher vascular resistance.

PMID- 6823861
TI  - Increased plasma concentrations of prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in
      essential hypertension. Influence of therapy with labetalol.
AB  - To evaluate the role of the vasoactive prostaglandins prostacyclin and
      thromboxane A2 in essential hypertension, the stable metabolites 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha and thromboxane B2, respectively, were measured in plasma before and after
      therapy in 7 patients. During the placebo phase, plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels
      were significantly greater than normal. Plasma thromboxane B2 levels were not
      statistically different from those in normal subjects. After intravenous
      administration of labetalol to the point of blood pressure reduction, neither
      plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha nor thromboxane B2 values changed. With prolonged oral
      labetalol therapy and concurrent regulation of blood pressure, a significant
      decrease in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels occurred while thromboxane B2 values
      remained unaltered. Elevation of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in untreated
      hypertensive subjects suggests that enhanced vessel wall prostacyclin synthesis
      may be a protective mechanism to prevent organ damage. As blood pressure is
      controlled this increase is no longer needed, and prostacyclin generation returns
      to normal.

PMID- 6823859
TI  - Intermittent, continuous outpatient dobutamine infusion in the management of
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - The use of outpatient dobutamine infusions by a small, portable infusion pump in
      3 patients with intractable congestive heart failure (CHF) is described. With
      this therapy left ventricular function improved and CHF resolved in each.
      Tolerance to dobutamine was obviated by giving infusions twice weekly. Except for
      3 mild infections around the catheter exit site, there have been no complications
      of this therapy is 58 cumulative patient weeks.

PMID- 6823863
TI  - Radionuclide ventriculographic study of adaptations to exercise in aortic
      regurgitation.
AB  - Exercise-gated radionuclide ventriculography has been proposed as a method to
      evaluate cardiac reserve in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR).
      Characterization of ventricular function, however, in AR is complicated by the
      dynamic nature of the leak in individual patients and by variations in severity
      among patients. Twenty patients with isolated AR were studied to assess the
      effects of exercise on the regurgitant index. The regurgitant index (left
      ventricular divided by right ventricular stroke counts) estimates the severity of
      the leak. The regurgitant index at rest was significantly higher in patients with
      AR than in patients without AR (3.46 +/- 1.25 versus 1.08 +/- 0.16, p less than
      0.001). In patients with AR, the regurgitant index decreased during exercise to
      2.6 +/- 0.8 (p less than 0.001), whereas it did not change in the control group
      (1.16 +/- 0.21, difference not significant). Further, in patients with AR, the
      greater the regurgitant index at rest, the greater the decrease during exercise
      (y = 0.56x -- 1.08, r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). End-diastolic counts and stroke
      count responses from rest to exercise were highly variable, but were explained in
      part by the decreasing regurgitant index. These data support previous
      catheterization studies and confirm gated radionuclide ventriculography as a
      useful tool for monitoring adaptations to exercise in AR.

PMID- 6823862
TI  - Analysis of ventricular emptying and filling indexes during acute increases in
      arterial pressure.
AB  - Using equilibrium radionuclide angiography, an evaluation was made of the
      response of left ventricular ejection and filling rates at rest and during acute
      increases in afterload in 8 normal volunteer subjects and 10 patients with
      previous transmural myocardial infarctions. Using the postatropine point for
      comparison, normal patients increased ejection time and decreased peak ejection
      rate (-3.90 +/- 0.49 vol/s to -3.41 +/- 0.95 vol/s) and peak filling rate (3.94
      +/- 0.88 vol/s to 3.51 +/- 0.38 vol/s). Infarct patients had similar responses,
      although all indexes were lower than the corresponding values in the normal
      subjects. At rest, the ratio of peak filling to emptying rate was similar in the
      normal subjects and the infarct patients (1.01 +/- 0.24 versus 0.99 +/- 0.25,
      respectively) and maintained that relationship after atropine (0.91 +/- 0.11
      versus 0.81 +/- 0.21) and at the peak increase in arterial pressure (1.07 +/-
      0.21 versus 1.02 +/- 0.32). The ratio of time to peak filling/time to peak
      emptying behaved in similar fashion regardless of the differences in the absolute
      values. In this study, left ventricular filling and emptying behaved in a similar
      fashion in response to the alteration in arterial pressure in normal subjects and
      in patients with previous myocardial infarctions.

PMID- 6823865
TI  - Rheumatic tricuspid valve disease: two-dimensional echocardiographic,
      hemodynamic, and angiographic correlations.
AB  - From March 1977 through April 1982, 2-dimensional echocardiography detected 372
      patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Of these patients, 23 (6%) had
      tricuspid valve involvement. Two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria of
      rheumatic tricuspid valve disease included thickened leaflets with restriction in
      motion, diastolic doming, and encroachment of the leaflet tips on the ventricular
      inlet. These criteria provided a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90%, a
      predictive accuracy of 21%, and a negative predictive value of 100% in diagnosing
      hemodynamically significant tricuspid stenosis. Hemodynamic variables in patients
      with rheumatic tricuspid valve disease (Group I) were compared with those in
      patients with no rheumatic tricuspid disease (Group II). The only significant
      difference was mean right atrial pressure (15 +/- 7 mm Hg versus 11 +/- 5 mm Hg,
      p less than 0.02). Both groups were classified into patients with (A) and without
      (B) significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR). There was no significant difference
      in any hemodynamic variable when Group IA was compared with Group IIA. In
      addition, there was no difference in any hemodynamic variable when patients with
      functional TR (Group IIA) were compared with those with rheumatic mitral valvular
      disease without TR (Group IIB). Two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac
      catheterization provide complementary diagnostic information in these patients.

PMID- 6823866
TI  - Calcium phosphorus metabolism in dialysis patients with and without mitral anular
      calcium. Analysis of 30 patients.

PMID- 6823864
TI  - Indexes of intravascular hemolysis, quantification of coagulation factors, and
      platelet survival in patients with porcine heterograft valves.
AB  - Ten patients with porcine heterograft valves who were not receiving anticoagulant
      agents were evaluated to determine the effect of the valve on red blood cell
      survival and on platelet activation and consumption as measured by (1)
      quantification of the coagulation mechanism, (2) platelet function studies, and
      (3) 51-chromium platelet survival time. There was no evidence of significant
      intravascular hemolysis as determined by the reticulocyte count, serum iron and
      iron binding capacity, serum bilirubin level, or lactic dehydrogenase activity.
      The coagulation profile and the platelet function studies were normal. No
      statistically significant difference was found in the platelet survival time in
      the 10 patients with porcine heterograft valves (half-life 3.2 +/- 0.8 days) and
      the 11 normal control subjects (half-life 3.6 +/- 0.6 days) (p greater than 0.2).
      The finding of a normal platelet survival time in patients with porcine
      heterograft valves is consistent with clinical experience indicating that this
      device is associated with a low incidence of systemic embolization, approximating
      3% per year.

PMID- 6823867
TI  - Transesophageal pacing for prognostic evaluation of preexcitation syndrome and
      assessment of protective therapy.
AB  - An esophageal lead was used to perform decremental atrial pacing and elective
      induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) in 5 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson
      White (W-P-W) syndrome before and after amiodarone therapy. In the control state,
      1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction over the accessory pathway ranged from 220
      to 260 ms (mean 232). The shortest R-R interval during AF ranged from 190 to 210
      ms (mean 198). The ventricular rate ranged from 175 to 212 beats/min (mean 196).
      After amiodarone therapy, the shortest cycle length with 1:1 AV conduction
      increased in all patients, ranging from 290 to 540 ms (mean 370); during AF, no
      preexcited beat was present in 2 patients, whereas the minimal preexcited R-R
      interval in the remaining 3 was 290, 240, and 370 ms, respectively. The
      ventricular response during AF decreased in all patients. Thus, esophageal pacing
      is a useful method for identifying patients at risk with the W-P-W syndrome and
      for assessing appropriate management in individual patients. Amiodarone provides
      protection against life-threatening arrhythmias in these patients.

PMID- 6823869
TI  - Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in coronary artery disease.
AB  - The induction of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with a history of malignant
      ventricular arrhythmia by programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is associated
      with a poor prognosis. However, the incidence and significance of inducible
      arrhythmia in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who do not have
      a history of serious arrhythmia are unknown. We studied 32 such patients (31 men,
      mean age 55 years) with PES at the time of cardiac catheterization. Fourteen
      patients (Group I) manifested greater than or equal to 3 extraventricular
      responses when challenged with 1 to 3 propagated right ventricular extrastimuli
      during ventricular pacing. Twelve (86%) of these 14 had evidence of left
      ventricular dysfunction (LVD), defined by a global ejection fraction of less than
      50% or regional wall motion abnormalities. The remaining 18 patients (Group II)
      manifested less than or equal to 2 responses to extrastimulation. Only 4 (22%) of
      these 18 had LVD. Proximal 3-vessel CAD was more frequent in Group I patients (10
      of 14, 71%) than in Group II (7 of 18, 39%). Only 5 patients (4 from Group I and
      1 from Group II) demonstrated complex arrhythmia during exercise testing or
      ambulatory monitoring. The induction of extraventricular responses during PES may
      serve as an independent marker of electrical instability in the coronary
      population and is a much more common finding in those with LVD.

PMID- 6823868
TI  - Electrophysiologic mechanism of exercise-induced sustained ventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - To elucidate electrophysiologic mechanism of exercise-induced ventricular
      tachycardia (VT), electrophysiologic studies were performed in 12 patients in
      whom sustained VT had developed during treadmill exercise testing. Six patients
      had arteriosclerotic coronary heart disease, 3 had cardiomyopathy, and 3 had no
      clinical evidence of organic heart disease. All patients had had documented
      episodes of sustained VT related to exertion and had experienced dizziness,
      syncope, or both. In addition, 3 patients had had nonfatal cardiac arrest.
      Electrophysiologic studies provoked paroxysms of sustained VT identical to those
      observed during treadmill exercise testing in 10 patients and provoked
      ventricular flutter/fibrillation in 1. Seven patients had VT suggestive of a
      reentrant mechanism, as the VT could be readily initiated with programmed
      ventricular extrastimulation or terminated by ventricular overdrive pacing, or
      both. Three patients had VT suggestive of catecholamine-sensitive automaticity.
      The VT could not be initiated with programmed electrical stimulation, but it
      could be provoked by intravenous isoproterenol infusion; furthermore, the VT
      could not be terminated with ventricular overdrive pacing, but it could be
      abolished by discontinuing isoproterenol infusion. Reproduction of VT in these 10
      patients allowed serial pharmacologic testing in selecting an effective
      antiarrhythmic regimen. Thus (1) exercise-induced VT can be caused by either
      reentry or catecholamine-sensitive automaticity, and (2) electrophysiologic
      studies are of use in defining the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced
      sustained VT.

PMID- 6823870
TI  - Terminal cardiac electrical activity in pediatric patients.
AB  - Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a frequently reported terminal cardiac
      electrical activity in adults. Such data are unavailable for pediatric patients.
      Terminal cardiac electrical activity determined in 100 pediatric patients was
      bradycardic arrest throughout the death process in 88% of newborns, 67% of
      infants, and 64% of children. Although bradycardic arrest was more common, the
      incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias was higher in patients who had
      congenital heart disease, who had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, who
      were beyond the neonatal period, and/or who weighed greater than 2.23 kg. No
      definite associations could be established between arterial blood gases,
      electrolyte values, and type of terminal cardiac electrical activity. The
      development of VF may be related to cardiac mass and the developing autonomic
      nervous system and therefore is less likely to occur in patients with a small
      heart.

PMID- 6823871
TI  - Subepicardial adipose tissue producing echocardiographic appearance of
      pericardial effusion. Documentation by computed tomography and necropsy.
AB  - An isolated anterior echo-free space is generally regarded as a false-positive
      echocardiographic finding for pericardial effusion. Even when an anterior echo
      free space is accompanied by a posterior echo-free space, the echo-free spaces
      have been occasionally reported to be falsely positive for pericardial effusion,
      principally in patients with cardiac neoplasms. The basis for these findings had
      never been adequately explained. In the present study, evaluation by computed
      tomographic imaging or necropsy examination of 5 patients in whom there was
      either an anterior or posterior echo-free space or both demonstrated that
      subepicardial adipose tissue is the echocardiographic imitator of pericardial
      effusion.

PMID- 6823872
TI  - Variability of digitized echocardiography: size, source, and means of reduction.
AB  - Digitization of M-mode echocardiograms provides useful information on left
      ventricular function, but its variability has been assessed rarely. Inter- and
      intraobserver (technical) variability of readers digitizing the same cardiac
      cycles, and variability between beats, days, and subjects (biologic) was
      determined. Technical variability was small for both standard dimensions
      (correlation coefficient r values 0.82 to 1.00) and rates of change (r values
      0.70 to 0.98). Biologic variability was large with expected normal differences
      between 2 measurements (95% confidence limits) of 11 to 55% and 37 to 106% for
      standard dimensions and rates of change, respectively. By averaging measurements
      of 5 beats from each of 2 days, the expected normal differences are reduced to 6
      to 32% and 23 to 63% for standard dimensions and rates of change. This study
      emphasizes the large biologic variability in rates of change of digitized left
      ventricular measurements. Normal variation between studies can be reduced and
      real physiologic or pathologic changes perceived best if many beats from more
      than 1 day are measured.

PMID- 6823873
TI  - Comparison of the antithrombotic action of calcium antagonist drugs with
      dipyridamole in dogs.
AB  - Because platelet activation is associated with fluxes of intracellular calcium,
      calcium antagonist drugs such as verapamil and nifedipine may have useful
      platelet inhibitor effects. Accordingly, the effect of these drugs was compared
      with that of dipyridamole, an established platelet inhibitor, in preventing the
      deposition of indium-111-labeled autologous platelets and thrombus development in
      polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) grafts interposed in both femoral arteries in
      mongrel dogs. Eight dogs received verapamil 7.5 micrograms/kg/min
      perioperatively, 8 dogs received nifedipine 4 micrograms/kg/h perioperatively, 8
      dogs received dipyridamole 50 mg orally given twice during the 24 hours before
      operation, and 16 control dogs received isotonic saline solution perioperatively.
      After 3 hours of perfusion, the median weight of the grafts and luminal thrombus
      was less in dogs treated with dipyridamole (465.1 mg), verapamil (453.7 mg), or
      nifedipine (389.7 mg) than in control dogs (680.2 mg) (p less than 0.001). In
      addition, the estimated total platelet deposition along the graft was reduced in
      dogs treated with dipyridamole was reduced in dogs treated with dipyridamole
      (2,073.2 X 10(6)) (p less than 0.01), verapamil (1,898.9 X 10(6)) (p less than
      0.001), and nifedipine (1,474.8 X 10(6)) (p less than 0.001) as compared with
      controls (3,056.2 X 10(6)). When the mural thrombus was removed from 14 grafts, a
      median 73% of the platelets were located in the interface between thrombus and
      graft. We conclude that all 3 drugs prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting
      platelet activity in this model, and that the calcium antagonist drugs are as
      effective as dipyridamole.

PMID- 6823874
TI  - A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 6823877
TI  - Myocardial ischemia in anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the
      pulmonary trunk. Proof of a coronary steal.

PMID- 6823876
TI  - Ventricular flutter during treatment with amiodarone.

PMID- 6823879
TI  - Transmural ischemia during preexercise hyperventilation.

PMID- 6823878
TI  - Blood cyst of the papillary muscle. Clinical, echocardiographic and anatomic
      observations.

PMID- 6823875
TI  - Pericardial windows are suboptimal.

PMID- 6823880
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of right atrial thrombi.

PMID- 6823881
TI  - Dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk among men in Hawaii.
AB  - Preliminary analysis of dietary data collected from 188 male subjects with lung
      cancer and 294 controls, in an ongoing population-based case-control study in
      Hawaii, indicate that dietary cholesterol is positively and significantly
      associated with lung cancer risk after statistically adjusting for age,
      ethnicity, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to lung
      carcinogens. The increased lung cancer risk associated with high dietary
      cholesterol appears to be consistent in all five major ethnic groups in Hawaii.

PMID- 6823882
TI  - Modulating effect of Sustagen on plasma glutamate concentration in humans
      ingesting monosodium L-glutamate.
AB  - It has been suggested that monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) addition to meals would
      significantly increase plasma glutamate concentrations compared to values noted
      after ingestion of protein-bound glutamate. To test this hypothesis, plasma amino
      acid concentrations were measured in six normal adults ingesting a ready-to-feed
      liquid meal (Sustagen) containing added MSG at 0, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight
      (Latin square design), and compared to plasma values noted after ingestion of 150
      mg/kg body weight MSG in water. The mean (+/- SD) peak plasma glutamate
      concentrations after ingestion of meals providing 0, 100, and 150 mg/kg body
      weight MSG were 6.64 +/- 1.99, 11.2 +/- 4.89 and 10.8 +/- 3.10 mumol/dl,
      respectively. Erythrocyte glutamate concentrations were unchanged after each
      meal. Peak plasma glutamate concentrations after ingestion of meals with added
      MSG were similar to those noted in normal adults ingesting a similar quantity of
      protein-bound glutamate. In contrast, ingestion of MSG in water (150 mg/kg body
      weight) markedly increased the mean (+/- SD) peak plasma glutamate concentration
      to 71.8 +/- 35.7 mumol/dl. Similarly, the area under the plasma glutamate
      concentration-time-curve was significantly higher. MSG ingestion with meals
      results in lower plasma glutamate concentrations than ingestion of equivalent
      doses in water.

PMID- 6823883
TI  - Evaluation of whole body nitrogen kinetics in acute metabolic acidosis.
AB  - The data obtained after a pulse dose of L-[15N] alanine and [13C] urea in control
      and acidotic conscious dogs were analyzed to compute the whole body nitrogen
      turnover rates. Acute acidosis was induced and maintained by continuous HCl
      infusion. On the basis of a four pool model, the mean daily protein synthesis
      rate in the normal dog was calculated to be 10.8 g/kg compared to 7.6 g/kg in
      acidosis. Since all dogs were in negative nitrogen balance, the daily catabolic
      rate of protein was greater than the synthetic rate and the mean daily catabolic
      rate was 14.4 g protein/kg in normal dogs compared to 10.5 g protein/kg in
      acidotic dogs. The body urea pool size and excretion rates were decreased by 24
      and 27%, respectively, due to acute acidosis, without any change in the
      fractional turnover rate. Thus the adaptive response to the induced acid
      challenge appears to be a reduction in the synthesis and breakdown rates of
      protein and also a decrease in the production and excretion rate of urea.

PMID- 6823884
TI  - Taurine prevents cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid sulfate in guinea pigs.
AB  - The hypothesis that the amino acid used for the conjugation of sulfolithocholate
      (S-LCA) is a critical determinant of its cholestatic potential was tested in the
      guinea pig which conjugates 90% of its bile acids with glycine. Twelve groups of
      animals were used to study the effect of taurine feeding at a concentration of
      0.5% in the drinking water for periods of 1, 3, and 5 days before an iv injection
      of 18 mumol/100 g body weight of S-LCA. Bile flow was monitored in 30-min
      aliquots over a 3-h period and the bile acid secretion as well as the
      glycine/taurine ratio of conjugated bile acids were determined. At the end of the
      various time periods, the livers were examined by light and electron microscopy.
      Within 3 days after taurine administration there was an increase in bile flow and
      a reversal of the glycine/taurine ratio with taurine conjugates becoming
      predominant. Liver morphology was unchanged except for a slight accumulation of
      lipids after 5 days of taurine feeding. In animals who were not pretreated with
      taurine, S-LCA injection led to a progressive decrease in bile flow such, that it
      was reduced to less than 20% at the end of the 3-h collection. S-LCA was
      conjugated almost exclusively with glycine. In contrast, in the groups fed
      taurine for 1, 3, and 5 days before the S-LCA injection, bile flow was comparable
      to that of the groups fed taurine alone. The S-LCA recovered in bile was to a
      large extent conjugated with taurine. S-LCA animals pretreated with taurine did
      not exhibit any liver cell changes while the group which had not received taurine
      before the S-LCA injection showed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles with normal bile
      canaliculi. These data show that increasing the availability of taurine through
      dietary means may exert a protective effect against cholestasis induced by
      monohydroxy bile acids.

PMID- 6823886
TI  - Effect of dietary modification on the enhanced uptake of cholesterol in diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated an enhanced intestinal uptake (Jd) of
      nutrients in diabetes mellitus in the rat, and the present studies were
      undertaken to determine the effect of dietary modifications on the Jd of
      cholesterol. In control rats, cholesterol Jd was highest in animals fed a low
      cholesterol diet, and lowest in those fed a high protein diet. Cholesterol Jd was
      highest in diabetic animals fed a high carbohydrate diet. Cholesterol Jd was
      higher in diabetic than in control rats only when they were fed the high
      carbohydrate diet; cholesterol Jd was similar in diabetic and control animals fed
      a high cholesterol, high protein, or low protein diet, and was lower in diabetic
      than control rats fed a low cholesterol diet. These changes in cholesterol Jd
      were not explained by differences in parameters of intestinal structure, weight
      gain, or food consumption. Thus the differences in cholesterol Jd observed
      between diabetic and control animals may be modified by varying the composition
      of the diet, and avoiding a high carbohydrate diet prevents the enhanced Jd of
      cholesterol in drug-induced diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6823885
TI  - Alimentary lipemia: plasma high-density lipoproteins and apolipoproteins CII and
      CIII in healthy subjects.
AB  - Three healthy male and three female inpatient volunteers consumed isocaloric
      diets for 4 wk. At weekly intervals, a fatty meal (100 g fat) was consumed by
      each fasting subject and blood drawn at 2 h intervals for 12 h. Of the four oral
      fat loads, two contained saturated fat (polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio =
      0.34) and two contained unsaturated fat (polyunsaturated/saturated fat = 2.21).
      The magnitude of alimentary lipemia, expressed as area under the plasma
      triglyceride curve, was 3- to 4-fold higher in males than females. Alimentary
      lipemia was inversely related to the subjects' fasting plasma high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL apolipoprotein (apo) CIII and directly related
      to plasma triglycerides. The P/S ratios of the daily diet or the fat meal did not
      significantly influence the plasma triglyceride curve. After fat intake, mean (+/
      SEM) plasma total apoCII and CIII fell to 54 +/- 20% and 73 +/- 5% of base-line,
      respectively, at 12 h in five of six subjects. After oral fat, an initial fall
      and a subsequent rise in apoCII and CIII in HDL was associated with reciprocal
      changes in apoC concentrations in very low-density lipoproteins. We speculate
      from the data that 1) plasma HDL and their apoC concentrations are important
      determinants of chylomicron clearance and 2) transfer of apoCs from HDL to
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the early phase of fat absorption does not
      result in the total recycling of apoCs from these lipoproteins to HDL during the
      late phase of alimentary lipemia.

PMID- 6823887
TI  - The effect of intralipid on mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes.
AB  - Eight healthy subjects were given Intralipid, a soybean oil emulsion, 20%
      intravenously for 2 h. During the infusion a significant increase in the
      nitroblue tetrazolium-reduction of blood monocytes was noted. Preincubation of
      monocytes in vitro with Intralipid (20 to 100 mg/ml) for 30 min was found to
      increase the ability of the cells to migrate chemotactically and to phagocytize
      yeast particles. On the contrary, when neutrophilic granulocytes were
      preincubated with Intralipid in the same concentrations for 30 min. their
      nitroblue-tetrazolium-reduction, chemotactic and spontaneous locomotion, as well
      as their ingestion of yeast particles was depressed.

PMID- 6823888
TI  - Impaired handling of orally administered zinc in pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Five patients with pancreatic insufficiency were evaluated for presence of
      impaired handling of orally administered zinc. Six hospital employees, eight
      alcoholic cirrhotics, and four patients with small bowel disease served as
      healthy or chronically ill controls. Two zinc tolerance tests (ZTT) were
      performed on each subject, one test using zinc sulfate and the other using zinc
      dipicolinate, a putative zinc binding ligand. Healthy controls demonstrated
      normal ZTT curves, with no significant difference between the two forms of zinc.
      Chronically ill controls had significantly depressed ZTT curves compared to
      healthy controls with both forms of zinc administered. In contrast, pancreatic
      insufficiency patients had significantly depressed ZTT curves with zinc sulfate
      but not with zinc dipicolinate, demonstrating a 40% reduction in the area under
      the curve with zinc sulfate compared to healthy controls. Our study shows
      impaired handling of orally administered zinc sulfate but not zinc dipicolinate
      in patients with pancreatic insufficiency and suggests normal pancreatic function
      may play a role in zinc metabolism in man.

PMID- 6823889
TI  - Iron absorption from some Asian meals containing contamination iron.
AB  - Iron absorption was measured from 12 Asian meals using the extrinsic tag method.
      Up to 50% of the nonheme iron in the meals did not exchange with the added
      inorganic radioiron tracer. The extent of isotopic exchange, the native iron and
      the "contamination" iron was measured using a recently developed in vitro method.
      The results imply that in measurements of iron absorption from meals, especially
      in developing countries, it is essential to consider the presence of
      contamination iron and its limited bioavailability.

PMID- 6823890
TI  - Food consumption, habitual physical activity, and body fatness in young Dutch
      adults.
AB  - The relationship between body fatness and both food consumption and habitual
      physical activity, was studied in young adult males (n = 122) and females (n =
      140) in three age groups (20 to 22, 25 to 27, and 30 to 32 yr) in a Dutch
      population. In males the average daily energy intake was rather high (about 3000
      kcal) and average body weight increased by 1.2 kg in the preceding year. Both
      findings suggest the existence of a positive energy balance. In females the
      average daily energy intake was normal (about 2170 kcal) and average body weight
      remained constant. Physical activity at work and sport was not related to the
      percentage of body fat in either sex, but physical activity, such as walking and
      cycling during leisure time, was slightly lower in fatter males. The fatter
      subjects tended to eat less than the leaner subjects but this was only
      significant in females. However, after adjusting for lean body mass and physical
      activity in a multiple regression model, energy intake was inversely related to
      percentage of body fat in both sexes. Change in body weight in the period of 4
      months preceding the food consumption study seemed to reflect energy balance at
      the time of the food consumption study in only leaner and fatter females. After
      adjusting also for change in body weight in these females energy intake of fatter
      females remained lower, suggesting a reduced need for energy among many fatter
      females.

PMID- 6823891
TI  - Changes in energy and macronutrients in 871 middle-aged men during 10 years of
      follow-up (the Zutphen study).
AB  - In the Zutphen Study a longitudinal dietary survey was carried out among 871
      middle-aged men. In 1960, 1965, and 1970, food intake data were collected using
      the cross-check dietary history method. During 10 yr of follow-up, body weight
      increased by about 3.5 kg and the energy intake decreased by about 450 kcal. The
      decrease in energy intake was paralleled by large decreases in vegetable, total
      protein, polysaccharides, total carbohydrates, and dietary fiber intake and a
      large increase in alcohol intake. These changes were statistically significant.
      Men who were on a diet prescribed by their family physician or specialist ate
      about 500 kcal less than men who were not on a diet. In 1970, the energy intake
      of men aged 65 to 69 who were not on a prescribed diet was 200 to 300 kcal lower
      than that of their counterparts aged 50 to 64. Multivariate analyses confirmed
      that prescribed diet and age were significantly related to energy intake. Men
      aged 50 to 59 decreased their energy intake by about 300 kcal between 1960 and
      1970.

PMID- 6823892
TI  - Energy and macronutrient intake in lean and obese middle-aged men (the Zutphen
      study).
AB  - Relationships between dietary variables and indicators of body fatness were
      examined in a cohort of 871 middle-aged men in Zutphen, The Netherlands. Men in
      the highest quartile of the sum of two skinfolds or the Quetelet index
      distribution consumed on average 300 to 400 kcal less than men in the lowest
      quartile. Univariate analyses showed that the lower intake of the men in the
      highest quartiles was occasioned by a lower intake of almost all the
      macronutrients except alcohol. Multivariate analyses confirmed the inverse
      relationship between energy intake per kg body weight and indicators for body
      fatness, and the positive relationship between alcohol and these indicators. It
      is concluded that obese middle-aged men have a lower energy intake but a higher
      alcohol intake than their lean counterparts.

PMID- 6823893
TI  - A comparison of dietary methods in nutritional studies.
AB  - Dietary intakes of 40 lactating women were measured by a 7-day record (7DR) and
      compared with results using a 1-day record (1DR), 3-day record (3DR), and a newly
      developed food frequency form. The estimated intakes of energy, protein, calcium,
      phosphorus, and iron were used in the comparison. The subjects ranged from 3 wk
      to 6 months postpartum and all were totally breast-feeding their infants at the
      time of the study. The 7DR was recorded by the subjects and random days were
      chosen to provide 1DR and 3DR. The food frequency form is a method developed to
      estimate nutrient intakes based on the consumption of 105 food items. Intraclass
      correlation coefficients used to compare methods indicated good, moderate, and
      poor agreement for 3DR/7DR, 1DR/7DR, and food frequency form/7DR comparisons,
      respectively. Regression analysis was used to assess further the agreement
      between 3DR and 7DR. This analysis indicated that the 3DR cannot provide good
      individual estimates of nutrient intakes, but can provide a reasonable estimate
      of the general quality of the diet. Intakes also were classified as high (greater
      than 1 1/3 Recommended Daily Allowance), medium (2/3 to 1 1/3 Recommended Daily
      Allowance), or low (less than 2/3 Recommended Daily Allowance), and Cohen's kappa
      was used to measure agreement between methods. None of the intakes was found to
      agree with the 7DR classification. Intraindividual variation was found to be
      greater than interindividual variation.

PMID- 6823894
TI  - The use of capillary blood for measurements of circulating ferritin.
AB  - The accuracy and reproducibility of using stored capillary blood for measurements
      of circulating ferritin were evaluated by comparison with simultaneous
      measurements on venous blood. In an initial study, the between- and within-sample
      variability of capillary determinations was about three times higher than with
      venous measurements, but the difference was reduced considerably by using
      capillary serum rather than plasma. With both serum and plasma, the mean ferritin
      in capillary specimens was 3 to 5% higher than in venous blood. These minor
      drawbacks with capillary measurements are outweighed by the benefit of improved
      compliance in prevalence surveys when finger-stick sampling can be used in place
      of venipuncture.

PMID- 6823895
TI  - Elbow breadth as a measure of frame size for US males and females.
AB  - Correlation coefficients of weight, bitrochanteric and elbow breadth to the log
      transformed skinfold thickness and age were calculated using 16,494 adult Black
      and white samples derived from the data sets of the US Health and Nutritional
      Examination Survey I of 1971 to 1974. Among the variables, elbow breadth
      exhibited the lowest correlation with skinfold thickness and changes little with
      age. The analysis shows that elbow breadth can be used as an indicator of frame
      size. Based on sex-, race-, and age-specific percentiles of elbow breadth the
      subjects were classified into categories of small, medium, and large frame size.
      It is suggested that these categories be used for the evaluation of weight for
      height and frame size.

PMID- 6823896
TI  - The bony chest breadth as a frame size standard in nutritional assessment.
AB  - As shown in 2201 males from western Scotland, the roentgenogrammetric bony chest
      breadth measurements provide a useful indication of frame size. Bony chest
      breadth is more highly correlated with weight than is true for stature. Weight
      corrections approximate 3.7 kg/cm of bony chest breadth and weight differences of
      12 kg separate the average weight of males in the "small," "medium," and "large"
      bony chest breadth categories, respectively. Virtually unrelated to fatness per
      se, the bony chest breadth measurement provides a useful indication of fat free
      mass and, expressed as the weight/bony chest breadth ratio, it provides an
      independent estimate of relative fatness. Differences in frame size as measured
      by the bony chest breadth also relate to the 16-yr cardiovascular mortality.

PMID- 6823897
TI  - Ascorbic acid and oral contraceptive agent use.

PMID- 6823898
TI  - Vitamin C status of healthy elderly persons.

PMID- 6823899
TI  - Folic acid and vitamin C in cervical dysplasia.

PMID- 6823900
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometry of thyroid neoplasms.
AB  - This paper presents the first comprehensive morphometry analysis of normal
      thyroid, adenomas, and follicular and papillary carcinomas. The mean nuclear
      volume and the mean nuclear surface increased, while the volume densities of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum and dense bodies decreased from normal thyroid
      through adenomas and follicular carcinomas to papillary carcinomas. The different
      amounts of cytoplasmic organelles probably are related to endocrine function
      rather than to malignant potential. Papillary carcinomas with a predominantly
      follicular growth pattern are related more closely to follicular carcinomas than
      to papillary carcinomas dominated by papillae. This probably indicates a more
      active endocrine function rather than a different degree of malignancy. Papillary
      carcinomas, where follicular structures dominate, are therefore expected to
      respond to radioiodine treatment more favorably than those mainly forming
      papillae. Papillary carcinomas with abundant ground glass nuclei do not seem to
      have a lower volume density of heterochromatin than tumors lacking this nuclear
      feature. In the individual problem case with a follicular tumor, electron
      microscopy and morphometry cannot even distinguish between an adenoma and a well
      differentiated follicular carcinoma.

PMID- 6823902
TI  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: accurate detection of red blood cell
      antibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed in the study of red
      blood cells from patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The ELISA was more
      sensitive and correlated with severity of hemolysis better than the direct
      antiglobulin test (DAT). It was helpful in diagnosing and following the clinical
      course in these patients. This was particularly true in the DAT-negative group,
      since the ELISA can detect smaller increases in red blood cell IgG than are
      required for a positive DAT.

PMID- 6823901
TI  - A flow cytometric DNA analysis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of biopsy specimens from 10 patients with medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) was performed to evaluate the possible value of
      such data as indicators of the biologic behavior of these tumors. Some of the
      tumors had a unimodal distribution of nuclear DNA content, whereas others were
      bimodal. The mean modal DNA content in the cells of unimodal medullary carcinomas
      was not higher than that in the cells of thyroid parenchyma with a normal
      histologic appearance. This finding contradicts previous reports based on
      conventional cytophotometry. Bimodal DNA histograms were found in biopsy
      specimens from four patients, and the two patients with predominantly spindle
      shaped cells belonged to this group. The total of nine biopsy specimens with
      bimodal DNA distributions were all from metastatic foci. Bimodal patterns were
      found, however, to co-exist with unimodal patterns, when several samples were
      examined from the same case. Bimodality or more severe aneuploidy did not seem to
      be related to shorter survival of the patients. The mean value of the percentage
      of cells in S-phase in our MCT series was higher than in follicular but lower
      than in anaplastic carcinomas. This fits well with clinical studies, where
      medullary carcinoma patients have been found to live longer than patients with
      follicular carcinomas but for a shorter time than those having anaplastic
      carcinomas.

PMID- 6823903
TI  - HLA typing of cultured amniotic fluid cells.
AB  - HLA typing was performed on 18 cultures of human amniotic fluid cells using
      cytotoxicity and absorption technics. Confirmation of antigen assignments was
      obtained in nine of ten instances, where HLA typing also was performed on cord
      blood. Three major problems were encountered in performing these studies: (1)
      complement cytotoxicity, (2) false-positive reactions, and (3) false-negative
      reactions. False-positive and false-negative reactions occurred more frequently
      with sera defining HLA-B locus specificities than with sera defining HLA-A locus
      specificities. Absorption studies were helpful in making antigen assignments when
      false reactions occurred. Preliminary studies suggest that the frequency of false
      positive reactions can be decreased by absorbing HLA typing sera with antigen
      negative amniotic fluid cultured cells, buffy coat, or platelets. Accurate
      antigen assignment is difficult when parental HLA types are unavailable.

PMID- 6823904
TI  - The clinical significance of streptococcal species isolated from cerebrospinal
      fluid.
AB  - Alpha-hemolytic (viridans) streptococci are often isolated from cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF); however, the significance of such isolates is poorly understood. In
      order to clarify the clinical significance of isolating these organisms from CSF,
      we did a retrospective analysis of 43 patients, from whom eight different species
      of alpha-hemolytic streptococci were recovered. Eight patients (19%) had
      significant infections based on bacteriologic, laboratory, and clinical findings.
      Significant infections were associated with S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S.
      intermedius, S. faecalis, and S. bovis. Thirty-five patient isolates (81%) from
      CSF were considered as contaminants, with S. mitis being the most frequently
      isolated organism (49%). Direct gram stain of CSF sediment, CSF glucose
      concentration, and CSF cell differential were clearly abnormal in most patients
      with significant infections, in contrast to patients with streptococci isolated
      as contaminants. Cultures of the lumbar puncture skin site yielded streptococci
      and other bacteria, suggesting a possible reservoir for contaminants.

PMID- 6823906
TI  - Intravascular hematopoiesis in chorionic villi.

PMID- 6823905
TI  - Medical education in laboratory testing: an approach incorporating the student's
      own laboratory results.

PMID- 6823907
TI  - Analysis of the reliability of serial paraprotein determinations in patients with
      plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 6823908
TI  - Acquired renal cysts and multiple renal cell and urothelial tumors.
AB  - This paper reports two cases of acquired renal cysts and multiple renal cell
      tumors in end-stage kidneys with a discussion of the pathogenesis of these
      lesions. The first patient had been on maintenance dialysis for approximately
      three years when he was found to have multiple renal cysts and renal cell tumors.
      He subsequently developed multifocal urothelial carcinomas of the lower urinary
      tract. The second patient had progressive renal failure due to hypertensive
      vascular disease when he underwent left nephrectomy because of multiple renal
      cysts and renal cell carcinoma. He later developed terminal renal failure and was
      maintained on chronic dialysis. He expired three years later. At autopsy, the
      right kidney also demonstrated multiple cysts and renal cell tumors.

PMID- 6823909
TI  - Solid glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast (a light and
      ultrastructural study).

PMID- 6823911
TI  - Primary cutaneous (inoculation) blastomycosis: an occupational hazard to
      pathologists.

PMID- 6823914
TI  - Folate data handling and ligand proficiency surveys--a suggestion.

PMID- 6823912
TI  - Ectopic creatine kinase MB production in metastatic cancer.
AB  - This case concerns the presence of high serum levels of creatine kinase MB
      isoenzyme in a patient with metastatic cancer. This patient did not have a
      myocardial infarction, so the source of the CK-MB was investigated. Because of
      the observation of macro-creatine kinase in patients with cancer, it was
      necessary to rule out the presence of this form of the enzyme. Extensive
      laboratory analysis demonstrated that the isoenzyme was true CK-MB, not an
      atypical or macro CK. Results of the study showed that ectopic production of the
      isoenzyme was the apparent source of the high serum activity. Homogenization of
      the cancer tissue demonstrated the presence of a high percentage of CK-MB
      activity. The implications of CK-MB production in cancer are discussed, including
      the use of various technics to rule out interfering activities when situations
      such as this occur.

PMID- 6823913
TI  - Medical education and laboratory use.

PMID- 6823915
TI  - Aluminum in membrane deposits upon reexamination.

PMID- 6823910
TI  - Pseudomonas alcaligenes endocarditis.
AB  - Pseudomonas alcaligenes is a common soil and water inhabitant that has rarely
      been proven a human pathogen. We describe a fatal case of Pseudomonas alcaligenes
      endocarditis. The need for accurate identification of unusual organisms isolated
      in a clinical setting are discussed.

PMID- 6823916
TI  - Change in training requirements and board examination in pathology.

PMID- 6823917
TI  - Platelet size in megaloblastic anemia.

PMID- 6823918
TI  - Kawasaki syndrome in the United States 1976 to 1980.
AB  - Review of 523 confirmed cases of Kawasaki syndrome reported to the Centers for
      Disease Control (CDC), during the period from July 1976 through December 1980,
      disclosed a previously unrecognized seasonal variation, with a peak incidence
      between February and May. A significantly higher incidence in black children,
      compared with white children, was also noted. Earlier reports of a higher
      incidence in children younger than 5 years of age, males, and children of Asian
      ancestry were confirmed. Frequently reported complications included joint
      involvement (27%) and cardiac abnormalities (22%); 1.2% of patients died. Four
      outbreaks (mean duration, 3.8 months) were investigated by the CDC, but no
      evidence of person-to-person transmission or a point source of exposure was
      found. These data suggest that some cases may be caused by an exogenous agent or
      toxin that is most prevalent in the late winter and spring. In addition, host,
      environmental, or other cofactors are likely to be important determinants of
      susceptibility.

PMID- 6823919
TI  - Renal response in low-birth-weight neonates. Results of prolonged intake of two
      different amounts of fluid and sodium.
AB  - Changes in renal function and extracellular fluid volume during the first ten
      days of life were studied in two groups of low-birth-weight neonates receiving
      different fluid and sodium intakes from the third to the tenth day. Group 1
      neonates received less fluid and sodium and fewer calories than group 2 neonates.
      Renal function and inulin space were measured before (day 2) and after (day 8)
      the neonates received the different fluid and sodium managements. Group 2
      neonates (on the eight day) had less weight loss, lower plasma sodium and osmolal
      concentrations, and a similar inulin space per kilogram of body weight as on day
      2. Group 1 neonates had more weight loss and a smaller inulin space on day 8
      compared with day 2. Low-birth-weight neonates receiving high fluid and sodium
      loads from days 2 through 8 did not have a contraction of extracellular fluid
      volume as did those receiving lower fluid and sodium intakes during this period;
      as a result, the former group had a dilutional decrease in the plasma sodium
      level and osmolality.

PMID- 6823920
TI  - Radiological case of the month: Meckel's diverticulitis with perforation.

PMID- 6823921
TI  - Health care services received by children with chronic illness.
AB  - The mothers of 209 children with chronic illness who were being treated at a
      university-affiliated municipal hospital were interviewed in their homes to
      assess the extent to which their children received health services. Most families
      received traditional biomedical types of care, but few families had received
      psychosocial services. Children with the most severe conditions tended to receive
      more services than others, and receipt of nonbiomedical services was associated
      with identification of a specific provider. Mothers indicated that, in addition
      to traditional services, they wanted advice on how to manage the child's
      condition at home. These results confirm previous findings and suggest that gaps
      in service provision may be generalizable to children with chronic illness
      regardless of the setting and diagnosis.

PMID- 6823922
TI  - Evaluation of obstructive uropathy with diuretic renography.
AB  - Diuretic renography has been recommended as a useful test to distinguish
      obstructed from dilated, but not obstructed, urinary systems. Twenty-four
      diuretic renograms were performed in 20 children, and a good correlation was
      found with other indicators of obstruction. The sensitivity for identifying
      obstruction was 83%, with a specificity of 94%. Severe hydroureteronephrosis may
      blunt or even mask the effect of diuresis on causing emptying of the tracer from
      the renal pelvis. Some kidneys did not drain well with the patient in a supine
      position but did empty with a change of position; these kidneys should be
      regarded as nonobstructed.

PMID- 6823923
TI  - Histidinemia. A case with resolution of myoclonic seizures after treatment with a
      low-histidine diet.
AB  - An infant with histidinemia had a myoclonic seizure disorder that was
      unresponsive to therapy with anticonvulsants. The seizures stopped promptly after
      a histidine-restricted diet was instituted. This case suggests that in some
      individuals with histidinemia, diet therapy may be effective. It is not known
      what distinguishes this case from previously reported cases in which diet therapy
      was not effective.

PMID- 6823924
TI  - A diagnostic approach to vomiting in severely retarded patients.
AB  - Vomiting is a considerable problem among severely retarded individuals. The
      majority have gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The incidence is increased in those
      who are nonambulatory or have scoliosis and/or spastic quadriplegia. In the
      absence of other symptoms, these persons should be kept in the upright position
      as much as possible. Persistent vomiting warrants a roentgenographic examination
      of the upper gastrointestinal tract. If GER is the only finding, upright
      positioning should be continued. The occurrence of complications attributable to
      GER is an indication for further diagnostic evaluation.

PMID- 6823925
TI  - Five v ten days' therapy with furazolidone for giardiasis.
AB  - In previous uncontrolled studies it has been reported that five days' treatment
      with furazolidone is effective for giardiasis. Efficacy of five v ten days of
      treatment was evaluated in a prospective, randomized study of 22 children with
      giardiasis. Eleven of 12 patients (92%) treated for ten days were cured based on
      clinical and parasitological response; one patient did not tolerate furazolidone
      and was treated with quinacrine hydrochloride. Only two of ten patients (20%)
      treated with a five-day regimen were cured. Of the other eight patients, five had
      prompt relapse of diarrhea after furazolidone treatment was stopped, diarrhea
      persisted in two, and diarrhea diminished but Giardia persisted in one. Six of
      eight patients in whom the five-day regimen failed were re-treated with
      furazolidone for ten days, and five patients were cured. Therapy with
      furazolidone for less than seven to ten days cannot be recommended for children
      with giardiasis.

PMID- 6823926
TI  - Clostridium difficile cytotoxin in a pediatric population.
AB  - Assays for cytotoxin of Clostridium difficile were performed on stool samples
      submitted to the laboratory for routine microbiologic study. Cytotoxin was
      recovered from 8.6% of 208 pediatric patients studied. Cytotoxin was identified
      significantly more often in younger patients (median age, 11 months) and in those
      with hospital-associated illness (17%) and antibiotic-associated illness (18%).
      Hospitalization and antibiotic use were significant independent risk factors.
      Clinical diagnoses in patients with C difficile cytotoxin included classic
      pseudomembranous colitis, acute self-resolving diarrheal syndrome, chronic
      diarrhea with failure to thrive, infant botulism, and asymptomatic carriage.

PMID- 6823927
TI  - Chronic diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile in children.
AB  - Clostridium difficile toxin was associated with chronic diarrhea without classic
      symptoms of colitis in seven children (age range, 7 weeks to 7 years). All
      patients had received antibiotics. Six of the seven were treated with vancomycin
      hydrochloride and demonstrated improvement. After treatment, four patients
      suffered relapses, and three required further therapy. One patient had four
      relapses. During all clinical relapses, toxin reappeared in the stool; recovery
      was always associated with its disappearance. Fifty-six percent of family
      contacts examined had positive cultures. These findings document C difficile as a
      probable cause of chronic diarrhea in childhood and emphasize its infectious
      potential.

PMID- 6823928
TI  - Skeletal lesions following meningococcemia and disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. A recognizable skeletal dystrophy.
AB  - Partial destruction of the right humeral and right femoral head were discovered
      in a 30-month-old girl, two years after her recovery from meningococcal
      septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Additional findings
      were symmetrical epiphyseal-metaphyseal lesions of the lower femora and upper and
      lower tibiae. The combined skeletal lesions seem to be characteristic sequelae of
      infantile meningococcemia complicated by DIC. Since this condition is no longer
      uniformly fatal, the characteristic skeletal dystrophy will be encountered more
      frequently and should be recognized by radiologists, pediatricians, and
      orthopedists. The features shared by our patient and the seven previously
      published cases are presented.

PMID- 6823930
TI  - Encephalopathy with metronidazole in a child.

PMID- 6823931
TI  - Acute hypothermia associated with atropine.

PMID- 6823929
TI  - Sicca syndrome: an unusual manifestation of sarcoidosis in childhood.

PMID- 6823932
TI  - Mass screening of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 6823933
TI  - Childhood lead poisoning.

PMID- 6823934
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a normal child.

PMID- 6823935
TI  - Variant pancreatography.
AB  - Although variation is the rule with pancreatic duct morphology, certain anomalies
      occur as a result of altered embryological development. These anomalies can
      produce obvious clinical symptomatology or may be implicated as a cause of
      symptoms when noted in the evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal
      complaints of obscure origin. Gastroenterologists and radiologists should be
      familiar with these anomalies for more accurate interpretation of pancreatograms
      and their clinical implications.

PMID- 6823936
TI  - Ascending colon compression by psoas muscle hypertrophy.
AB  - Extrinsic compression of the ascending colon was observed on the barium enema of
      a professional athlete. Ultrasound examination demonstrated psoas muscle
      enlargement as the cause of this abnormal radiographic finding. The effect of
      psoas muscle hypertrophy should be considered when extrinsic compression of the
      colon is observed on the barium enema of muscular individuals. Ultrasound is
      useful to differentiate anatomic variant from pathological conditions which may
      deviate the ureters and/or the ascending colon.

PMID- 6823937
TI  - Propranolol: its role in the management of portal hypertension. The ACG Committee
      on FDA related matters.

PMID- 6823938
TI  - Gastroenterology and the law.

PMID- 6823939
TI  - Hemodialysis, ascites and thyroid function.

PMID- 6823940
TI  - Parsnips and pomegranates--training in gastroenterology then and now.

PMID- 6823941
TI  - Menetrier's disease: transient course in a recent immigrant during the
      puerperium.

PMID- 6823942
TI  - Perforation of the jejunum: a complication of atheromatous embolization.

PMID- 6823944
TI  - Volvulus of the gallbladder.
AB  - Torsion of volvulus of the gallbladder is a rare condition. Approximately 300
      cases have been reported since the first description by Wendel in 1898 (Ann Surg
      1898; 27: 199). This entity appears most often in the elderly, with either acute,
      or recurrent, subacute symptoms. Such symptoms may mimic a number of other more
      common intraabdominal emergencies. Although the etiology is unknown, certain
      predisposing factors have been identified. Of these, the only one that is
      constant is the presence of the gallbladder on a mobile mesentery ("floating"
      gallbladder). Torsion occurs when this gallbladder twists around the cystic duct
      and artery, with subsequent occlusion of bile and blood flow. Diagnosed early and
      treated with cholecystectomy, this disease has a low mortality rate, between 3
      and 5%. We have treated a case of acute torsion of the gall bladder at the Mount
      Sinai Hospital and have reviewed the existing literature.

PMID- 6823943
TI  - The significance of eubacterium bacteremia.
AB  - Eubacterium is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract. In rare instances
      this organism can become blood-borne. Nine cases of bacteremia were described and
      eight cases were found in the medical literature. Thirteen of the 17 cases (76%)
      had active gastrointestinal disease leading to the Eubacterium bacteremia. It is
      suggested that recovery of Eubacterium in blood culture should alert the
      clinician to the possibility of active gastrointestinal disease including occult
      neoplasms.

PMID- 6823947
TI  - Re: "an investigation of the relationship between stomach cancer and
      cerebrovascular disease: evidence for and against the salt hypothesis".

PMID- 6823945
TI  - Re: "method for comparing local with standard death rates".

PMID- 6823946
TI  - Canine transmissible venereal tumor: a model for Kaposi's sarcoma?

PMID- 6823948
TI  - Accounting for the multicausal nature of disease in the design and analysis of
      epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 6823949
TI  - Clustering of heart disease risk factors in diabetic compared to nondiabetic
      adults.
AB  - In a population-based study conducted by the Lipid Research Clinic between 1972
      and 1974, the authors investigated the frequency and clustering of five heart
      disease risk factors--cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure,
      obesity, and cigarette smoking--in 347 diabetic and 2285 euglycemic nondiabetic
      adults aged 35 to 79 years. Diabetics were more likely than nondiabetics to have
      high risk factor levels, although excesses for cholesterol and cigarette smoking
      were not statistically significant. Subjects at or above the 70th or 90th
      percentiles for one risk factor were more likely to be at or above these
      percentiles for other risk factors, and this clustering of heart disease risk
      factors was more common among diabetics than nondiabetics. Excess clustering in
      diabetics persisted after controlling for obesity and when only cholesterol,
      blood pressure, and cigarette smoking were analyzed. Clustering was more marked
      in women than in men. This may explain some of the excess risk of heart disease
      in female compared to male diabetics, which has been reported by others.

PMID- 6823952
TI  - Evaluation of the Vita-Stat automatic blood pressure recorder. A comparison with
      the Random-Zero sphygmomanometer.
AB  - A total of 408 adult volunteers at Northwick Park Hospital, England, participated
      in an evaluation of the Vita-Stat automatic blood pressure (BP) recorder. During
      a five-day period in March 1981, readings of BP obtained by two Vita-Stat
      machines were compared with measurements obtained by two trained observers using
      Random-Zero sphygmomanometers. The order in which BP readers were obtained was
      randomized. A significant effect of order on systolic BP was removed from
      comparisons between techniques. For diastolic BP values, there was close
      agreement between the different measurement techniques and each was associated
      with a similar degree of repeatability between duplicate recordings. In contrast,
      both Vita-Stat machines seriously overestimated systolic BP and there was
      substantially more variability between duplicate readings of systolic BP obtained
      with the Vita-Stat machines than for Random-Zero values. The use of either Vita
      Stat machine for population screening would have correctly identified almost all
      those with a high BP but would have led to considerable overdiagnosis of systolic
      hypertension. Despite their limitations, the accuracy of diastolic BP estimates
      and considerations of cost and convenience suggest that Vita-Stat machines might
      be useful as initial screening tools for detection of persons with high diastolic
      BP. However, the use of a particular Vita-Stat machine should be preceded by an
      evaluation of the machine against a standard method of BP estimation.

PMID- 6823953
TI  - A 1957 outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a meat packing plant.
AB  - Retrospective study shows that a 1957 outbreak of pneumonia in Austin, Minnesota,
      was Legionnaires' disease. Between June 7 and August 9, 1957, 78 persons were
      hospitalized with acute respiratory disease of unknown cause. Most had fever,
      headache, cough, and pneumonitis; two died. Ages ranged from 14-83 years; half of
      the patients were aged 55 years or older. Eighty-seven per cent were men. There
      were no secondary cases. Forty-six (59%) of the 78 patients were employees at a
      local meat packing plant, in distinction to the area's total working population
      (32%). Serosurvey of 15 of the 1957 outbreak cases and 30 controls matched for
      age, sex, and either occupation or residence was carried out in 1979. Antibody
      titers were determined for Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-4 by means of
      indirect immunofluorescence. Twelve (80%) of the 15 cases and 13 (43%) of the 30
      controls had antibody titers of 1:64 or greater to one or more of the L.
      pneumophila serogroups. Significant differences in L. pneumophila antibody titers
      (prevalence and level) were found between cases and control groups matched for
      residence (serogroups 1-3) or occupation (serogroups 2 and 3). Only three of 20
      Austin residents with pneumonia diagnosed between 1978 and 1980 had L.
      pneumophila antibody titers of 1:128 or greater (p less than 0.001), in
      comparison to cases. These serologic data and the 1957 clinical and epidemiologic
      observations support the contention that this is the earliest documented outbreak
      of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 6823954
TI  - A winter outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in northern Michigan.
AB  - In January 1980, an outbreak of 138 cases of acute pulmonary disease occurred
      among employees of a Michigan limestone quarry. The source of exposure was a
      vessel repair building (relative risk = 5.8) and the time of exposure was January
      10 (relative risk = 2.4). Work activities associated with the specific place and
      time suggested exposure to a pulley which had been stored in a ring-billed gull
      nesting area as the cause of illness. Histoplasma capsulatum was recovered from
      the nesting area, the pulley, and the sputum of several patients. Early serologic
      testing confirmed the diagnosis of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis.

PMID- 6823950
TI  - Survey research in New Mexico Hispanics: some methodological issues.
AB  - A prevalence survey of respiratory diseases was conducted in Albuquerque, New
      Mexico, with the objective of explaining differing patterns of respiratory
      disease epidemiology in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). The study
      population was selected at random from the 1978 R.L. Polk & Co. Directory. This
      paper focuses on methodological issues raised during the conduct of the study:
      response rates, potential language barriers and bias, and identification of
      Hispanics by surnames. Mail, telephone, and personal interview approaches were
      used to obtain adequate response rates, which ranged from 60% in Hispanic males
      to 78% in Anglo females; 22% of Hispanic males refused interview. Fewer Hispanics
      returned mailed questionnaires than responded to telephone interviewing. Spanish
      language was increasingly preferred as the respondent's age increased. Two
      methods of ethnic identification by surname (1980 Census List of Spanish Surnames
      and a computer program, GUESS (Generally Useful Ethnic Search System) were
      compared to the self-reported ethnicity of respondents. The GUESS Program was
      more sensitive than the census list, but the census list was more specific. The
      combination of both methods produced a 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity in
      males. Intermarriage reduced the accuracy in females.

PMID- 6823951
TI  - Risk factors for breast cancer.
AB  - Since 1976, data were collected to evaluate risk factors for breast cancer in a
      hospital-based case-control study of 1185 women with breast cancer and 3227
      controls. The risk of breast cancer increased with increasing age at first birth;
      this effect was not accounted for by parity. An early age at first birth appeared
      to reduce the risk relative to no pregnancy, whereas a late age at first birth
      was associated with a higher risk than not having a full-term pregnancy. High
      parity was associated with a reduction in the risk that was independent of that
      of age at first birth: for parity greater than or equal to 5, compared with
      parity 1-2, the relative risk estimate was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.5
      1.0). Late age at menarche was associated with a lower risk among premenopausal
      women but not among postmenopausal women. The relative risk decreased with
      increasing obesity among premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, the
      risk was higher among those who were obese, but there was no evidence of a trend
      with increasing body mass index. Risk did not vary materially according to
      history of abortion when gravidity was controlled. Risk was lower among
      postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women of the same age and increased
      with increasing age at menopause; bilateral oophorectomy reduced the risk more
      than hysterectomy alone. A positive history of benign breast disease, a positive
      family history of breast cancer, Jewish religion, and 12 or more years of
      education were each independently associated with an increased risk of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6823955
TI  - Estimating attributable risk from case-control studies.
AB  - Levin's measure of attributable risk is extended to account for confounding.
      Maximum likelihood estimates and confidence intervals for this extended measure
      are presented. The estimates and confidence intervals apply both to matched and
      to stratified case-control studies. The statistical methods are illustrated by
      the use of data from a study of factors of womanhood as related to breast cancer,
      and data from a study of cigarette smoking as related to bladder cancer. The
      results of computer simulations are used to describe the behavior of the
      estimates and confidence intervals when sample size is small relative to the
      number of strata of the confounding factor.

PMID- 6823956
TI  - The relationship of relative risk and positive predictive value in 2 X 2 tables.
AB  - Both relative risk and positive predictive value are used to assess the
      relationship between an attribute and a disease state. While they can be equated
      only in one uninteresting situation, they do have an explicit algebraic
      relationship which is demonstrated in this paper. This relationship may provide
      an interesting link between epidemiology and medical decision analysis.

PMID- 6823957
TI  - The measurement and interpretation of proportionate mortality.
AB  - The standardized proportionate mortality ratio (SPMR) is shown to be a summary
      measure which is a weighted average of age-specific proportionate mortality
      ratios which uses an internally derived set of standard weights. As with any
      summary measure, the SPMR is only meaningful when the stratum-specific values can
      be judged to represent a common value. When stratum-specific values are not
      homogeneous, the use of the stratum-specific values themselves is more
      appropriate than the use of a summary measure. A test for homogeneity of the age
      specific proportionate mortality ratios is presented. The test also provides an
      estimate of the common value and its variance, when that single parameter can be
      presumed to exist. A procedure of external standardization is presented which
      uses weights derived from the standard population.

PMID- 6823959
TI  - ESRD and pro-competition health care delivery.

PMID- 6823958
TI  - Use of predictive value to adjust relative risk estimates biased by
      misclassification of outcome status.
AB  - The bias in relative risk estimates resulting from misclassification of outcome
      status has been shown to be a function of sensitivity and specificity of the
      classification procedure and of disease frequency. In epidemiologic studies, it
      may not be possible to obtain estimates of sensitivity and specificity. This
      situation frequently arises in studies of risk factors for coronary artery
      disease, where invasive procedures may be necessary to validate diagnosis.
      However, an estimate of the predictive value of a positive result in the
      classification procedure may be far more readily obtained than estimates of
      sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, exact and approximate formulae for
      the adjusted relative risk in terms of the predictive value of a positive test
      are derived. Hypothetical examples of epidemiologic studies of coronary artery
      disease are provided to illustrate the use of these formulae.

PMID- 6823960
TI  - Renal lesions in multiple myeloma: their relationship to associated protein
      abnormalities.
AB  - Renal biopsy and autopsy specimens were studied in 43 patients with renal
      complications of multiple myeloma and correlated with immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)
      and other clinical data at the time of biopsy. Lesions specifically related to
      multiple myeloma fell into two categories, with different patterns of protein
      excretion. (1) Myeloma Cast Formation: When other lesions which might contribute
      to renal insufficiency (RI) were excluded, there was a good correlation between
      the extent of myeloma cast formation and severity of RI. Sixteen of 19 patients
      excreted free light chains (LCs) in the urine, in seven as the predominant or
      sole urinary protein. (2) Tissue Deposition of Paraproteins: Nine cases had
      generalized glomerular, tubular basement membrane and vascular deposits of
      presumed kappa-chains (one with associated alpha-heavy chains). Four patients,
      all with myelomas secreting lambda LCs, had diffuse amyloid deposits in similar
      distribution. All patients (save two who were anuric) had diffuse, nonselective
      proteinuria by IEP, most within the nephrotic range. Four patients had free LCs
      in the urine, but in none was this the predominant component. Cast nephropathy
      and LC tissue deposition tended to occur in mutually exclusive fashion. Cases
      with diffuse tissue deposits of LCs showed few or no myeloma casts. Cases with
      cast nephropathy had only occasional mild mesangial lesions and focal
      interstitial and vascular deposits of amyloid. Evidence indicates that these
      lesions represent incidental LC deposition in cases whose basic lesion is
      longstanding and/or severe cast nephropathy, and that their contribution to RI is
      minor in comparison to that of the myeloma casts.

PMID- 6823961
TI  - Focal segmental membranous glomerulonephropathy associated with other glomerular
      diseases.
AB  - In four patients with the nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy revealed focal
      segmental membranous glomerulonephropathy (FSMGN) associated with the histologic
      patterns of "nil" disease (two cases), hereditary nephritis and diffuse diabetic
      glomerulosclerosis. The occurrence of FSMGN in association with other glomerular
      diseases, presumably unrelated to immune complex deposition, is infrequent in our
      experience. Rather than necessarily representing an early stage or milder form of
      membranous glomerulonephropathy, it may be an epiphenomenon. This interpretation
      has prognostic and therapeutic implications and raises important pathogenetic
      questions. In particular, this study suggests that in some instances, preexisting
      functional and structural abnormalities may play a role either in the deposition
      of preformed circulating immune complexes or in the local formation of immune
      complexes.

PMID- 6823962
TI  - The effects of rapid saline infusion on sodium excretion, renal function, and
      blood pressure at different sodium intakes in man.
AB  - To examine the effects of increasing dietary sodium intake on natriuresis,
      filtration rate, and renal blood flow following rapid volume expansion, we
      infused 2-liter normal saline over 2 hr into normal men in balance at 10, 300,
      600, and 800 mEq/day sodium intake. Natriuresis and kaliuresis were related to
      prior sodium intake. Fractional excretion of sodium (6%-7%) was maximal at the
      600 mEq/day sodium intake and increased no further at the 800 mEq/day sodium
      intake. Although blood pressure increased with rapid saline infusion, natriuresis
      and blood pressure were not associated. Creatinine clearance decreased or
      remained constant, while PAH clearance decreased during saline infusion at each
      level. The data suggest that although natriuresis following rapid saline infusion
      is dependent upon prior sodium intake, under given circumstances it may be
      independent of glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or blood pressure.

PMID- 6823963
TI  - Mild unilateral proteinuria and renal vein thrombosis associated with oral
      contraceptive usage.
AB  - A previously healthy 15-yr-old female taking oral contraceptives presented with
      acute, isolated, unilateral renal vein thrombosis as documented by arteriography
      and venography. Mild proteinuria (760 mg/24 hr) was localized solely to the
      thrombosed kidney by selective ureteral collections. The case illustrates an oral
      contraceptive associated renal vein thrombosis in the absence of either inferior
      vena cava thrombosis, bilateral proteinuria, or the nephrotic syndrome. This
      patient's proteinuria and clinical course suggest that nephrotic syndrome is a
      cause of renal vein thrombosis rather than an effect of renal vein thrombosis.
      The finding of localized, unilateral proteinuria is discussed.

PMID- 6823964
TI  - Comparison of subclavian vein with femoral vein catheterization for hemodialysis.
AB  - Subclavian vein catheterization (SVC) is not widely accepted for vascular access
      because it is considered more invasive than femoral vein catheterization (FVC).
      The use of FVC and SVC for acute vascular access was compared for 9 mo each.
      Complications were minimal with both, but access related hospitalizations were
      lower and the number of out-patient dialyses performed were higher with SVC than
      FVC. Complications with SVC might have been minimized by using an 18-gauge
      metallic needle for insertion, avoiding interdialytic infusions and using SVC for
      less than 4 wk.

PMID- 6823965
TI  - The adverse renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increasing
      problems or overrated risk.

PMID- 6823966
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 6823967
TI  - In common clinical usage nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs infrequently
      produce adverse effects on the kidney.

PMID- 6823968
TI  - Spontaneous expression of the chromosome fragile site fra(10)(q25).
AB  - We report the spontaneous expression of the chromosome fragile site at 10q25 in a
      child with progressive cerebellar ataxia and in her phenotypically normal brother
      and father. Expression of this fragile site was increased in all three
      individuals by addition of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to the medium. This fragile
      site has previously been described only following growth of cells in BrdU.

PMID- 6823969
TI  - Expression of fragile site at 10q25 in normal culture conditions.

PMID- 6823971
TI  - Genetic analysis of multifactorial diseases.

PMID- 6823970
TI  - A new methodology for analysis of HLA-associated diseases?

PMID- 6823972
TI  - Studies on the radiosensitivity of cells from patients with basal cell naevus
      syndrome.
AB  - No difference in survival was observed between cultured cells from basal cell
      naevus syndrome (BCNS) patients and normal controls following exposure of
      fibroblasts to ionizing radiation. Potential lethal damage repair in BCNS cells,
      measured by holding experiments, was also no different from normal. G0-irradiated
      lymphocytes from BCNS patients were found to have a significantly higher level of
      X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations compared with normals. This increase is,
      however, small, and, taken together with the survival data, suggests that
      increased cell killing as a measure of the unusual clinical radiosensitivity is
      not the major effect of the BCNS gene.

PMID- 6823973
TI  - Gastric juice in congenital pernicious anemia contains no immunoreactive
      intrinsic factor molecule: study of three kindreds with variable ages at
      presentation, including a patient first diagnosed in adulthood.
AB  - The mechanism responsible for the isolated intrinsic factor deficiency in
      congenital pernicious anemia is unknown. A new second-antibody radioimmunoassay
      capable of recognizing intrinsic factor independent of the molecule's ability to
      bind added cobalamin was used to study six patients from three kindreds with this
      disorder. One of the patients was first diagnosed at age 23 because of unusual
      circumstances in her case; yet the other patients also demonstrated great age
      variability at presentation of this presumably congenital disorder, even within
      the same kindred. The radioimmunoassay failed to detect immunoreactive intrinsic
      factor in any of the six patients, suggesting that elaboration of an abnormal
      molecule was not the pathogenetic mechanism. An unexpected incidental finding,
      contrasting with this observation in congenital pernicious anemia, was
      immunologic evidence that a previously described patient with familial R binder
      deficiency clearly elaborated an abnormal R binder molecule.

PMID- 6823974
TI  - Linkage of atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) to the soluble
      glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT1) locus.
AB  - One hundred twenty-eight blood samples were drawn from members of a single family
      with atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) characterized by variable
      expressivity in affected members of at least 5 generations. Because of the late
      onset of detectable retinal lesions in most family members, phenotype data from
      only 93 individuals who were at least 14 years of age were analyzed for linkage.
      Phenotype data from the remaining 35 members of the family who were under age 14
      were excluded from the analysis. Maximum-likelihood analysis for linkage between
      VMD-1 and 13 biochemical and serological markers in the family demonstrated
      linkage between VMD-1 and the soluble glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT1)
      locus, which has been tentatively assigned to the short arm of chromosome 16. A
      maximum lod score of Z = 4.34 (odds favoring linkage of approximately 22,000 to
      1) was obtained at a recombination fraction of theta = .05.

PMID- 6823975
TI  - Citrullinemia: prenatal diagnosis of an affected fetus.
AB  - We monitored a pregnancy in a family at risk for citrullinemia due to
      argininosuccinic acid (ASA) synthetase deficiency. ASA synthetase activity in
      cultured epithelioid amniotic fluid cells from the fetus at risk was less than 2%
      of control epithelioid amniotic fluid cell activity. An increased concentration
      of citrulline was found in the at-risk amniotic fluid (0.14 mumol/ml) as compared
      with fluid from six controls and one at-risk but unaffected pregnancy (trace).
      The pregnancy was terminated, and the in utero diagnosis was confirmed by assay
      of ASA synthetase activity in cultured fetal skin fibroblasts (4.4% of control
      activity). In addition, all five fetal tissues studied had significant
      accumulation of citrulline, whereas control fetal tissues had none. These data
      provide evidence that, if precise control is maintained over tissue culture
      variables, citrullinemia can be diagnosed successfully in utero by microassay of
      ASA synthetase activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells. They also suggest that
      amniotic fluid citrulline concentrations provide strong adjunctive evidence for
      this prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 6823980
TI  - Estimating ideal body mass in children.
AB  - An equation and nomogram to estimate ideal body mass (IBM) for establishing
      dosage regimens of certain drugs in children was derived from a large pediatric
      data base. The data were from more than 20,000 U.S. children (ages 1-17 years)
      included in two major surveys published by the National Center for Health
      Statistics. The IBM was defined as the 50th percentile weight for a given height
      (ht). The equation derived was IBM(kg) = 2.396e0.01863(ht), where height is in
      cm. The IBMs estimated from this equation were compared with estimates from three
      other methods, two of which were derived from an adult population. The adult
      methods were unsuitable for pediatric use. This equation and nomogram for
      estimating IBM in children should be useful in determining dosage regimens of
      aminoglycosides and other drugs for obese pediatric patients.

PMID- 6823979
TI  - Mothers' anxiety and medication use in rural families on welfare.

PMID- 6823981
TI  - Legal implications of preparing and dispensing approved drugs for unlabeled
      indications.
AB  - The legal issues surrounding the potential liability of a pharmacist for
      dispensing or preparing drugs under conditions not contained in the FDA-approved
      labeling of a product are examined. Although the specific issue of liability of a
      pharmacist for preparing a drug in a nonapproved manner or dispensing a drug for
      a nonapproved use has not been adjudicated, based on evolving legal principles it
      appears that the pharmacist under certain circumstances may be held responsible
      for the drugs so prepared or dispensed. Preparation of a drug which is
      adulterated under the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act appears to be
      negligent, although its precise effect will be dependent upon state law.
      Liability for dispensing for nonapproved uses will be minimized if the
      pharmacist, in the exercise of sound professional judgment, concludes that the
      use is rational, safe, and reasonable.

PMID- 6823976
TI  - Terminal deletion with stable acentric fragment of 1q in a child with congenital
      malformations.
AB  - The terminal deletion with stable acentric fragment of 1q was found in a girl
      with multiple congenital malformations and severe mental retardation. The
      karyotype of both parents was normal, and the aberration appears de novo. The
      medium did not influence the expression of the aberration.

PMID- 6823977
TI  - Rates of mutant structural chromosome rearrangements in human fetuses: data from
      prenatal cytogenetic studies and associations with maternal age and parental
      mutagen exposure.
AB  - In 27,225 prenatal cytogenetic studies of amniotic fluid reported to the New York
      State Chromosome Registry and the United States Interregional Chromosome Register
      System, there were 61 cases with a structural chromosomal abnormality not known
      inherited, a rate per 1,000 of 2.24. Of these 33, 1.21 per 1,000 were known de
      novo and nonmosaic; consequently, the rate of events resulting from germinal
      mutation is highly likely to be between these two limits. The rates per 1,000 of
      unbalanced abnormalities were 0.59-1.29; of balanced abnormalities, 0.62-0.96; of
      balanced Robertsonian translocations, 0.22-0.29; and of unbalanced Robertsonian
      translocations, 0.07-0.11. The rates of fetuses with supernumerary markers and
      fragments were unexpectedly high: 0.26-0.70 per 1,000. These abnormalities were
      associated with increased maternal age (38.0 +/- 5.4 to 38.4 +/- 3.6 compared to
      35.6 +/- 4.3 in controls), but even after adjustment for the bias to preferential
      study of older women, the observed rates of these supernumerary abnormalities
      were greater than would be expected from live-birth studies or rates estimated in
      all recognized conceptuses. There were trends to elevated maternal age for the
      group of all balanced rearrangements, and to diminished maternal age for the
      nonsupernumerary, non-Robertsonian unbalanced rearrangements. In 136 women
      studied primarily because of exposure to a putative mutagen, a de novo deletion
      and an inversion not known inherited were detected. The rate of abnormality in
      these 136, 1.47%, was significantly greater than the rate of abnormality in the
      remainder: 0.14%-0.22%.

PMID- 6823978
TI  - Stability guidelines for routinely refrigerated drug products.

PMID- 6823982
TI  - Specialized employment by pharmacy residents (1976-1981).

PMID- 6823983
TI  - Drug loss in polyolefin infusion systems.

PMID- 6823984
TI  - Monitoring outpatients' plasma antidepressant-drug concentrations as a measure of
      compliance.

PMID- 6823985
TI  - Gluten in pharmaceutical and nutritional products.

PMID- 6823986
TI  - Labeling prescriptions with generic drug names.

PMID- 6823988
TI  - Accuracy of pharmacokinetic estimates in ambulatory patients.

PMID- 6823987
TI  - Esophageal retention of capsules.

PMID- 6823989
TI  - Review of quality assurance in hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 6823990
TI  - Comprehensive pharmacy-based investigational drug service.

PMID- 6823992
TI  - System to maximize inventory performance in a small hospital.
AB  - A computerized system to maximize inventory performance in a small hospital is
      described. An inventory control system, which integrates economic order quantity
      (EOQ) and ABC inventory models was implemented in a 146-bed hospital. The
      perpetual inventory control data base, supported by the hospital's mainframe
      computer, generates monthly inventory statistics that are segregated into A, B,
      and C reports. Using a hand-held computer that interfaces with the perpetual
      inventory system, a series of inventory management reports were developed. These
      reports, which are based on the EOQ model, provide the following information for
      each drug line item: EOQ, EOQ proposed carrying cost, actual inventory carrying
      costs, safety stock, order point, average inventory, and the "on hand/on order"
      point. Several supplemental inventory management reports were also developed.
      While implementing the computerized inventory system, the pharmacy also changed
      its purchasing strategy from predominantly direct accounts to a progressive prime
      vendor wholesaler. From December 1980 to December 1981, the ABC/EOQ system with
      progressive prime-vendor involvement essentially doubled total aggregate
      inventory turnover. A 46.5% reduction in standing inventory levels occurred. The
      drug cost per line item dispersed remained relatively constant over the one-year
      period, despite price increases. The application of the computerized ABC/EOQ
      inventory model to an online perpetual inventory control data base effectively
      reduced the inventory operation costs.

PMID- 6823993
TI  - Pharmacy-based controlled substances distribution for a university campus.
AB  - A university-wide pharmacy-based controlled substances distribution system is
      described. The purchasing and control of controlled substances for the entire
      university campus is centralized in the hospital pharmacy department. The
      distribution system uses the concept of restricted versus nonrestricted drugs,
      where restricted drugs are all Schedule II controlled substances and other drugs
      needing restrictive control. The restricted or nonrestricted status of a drug is
      based upon suspected or observed abuse potential. After receipt by the pharmacy,
      all controlled substances and restricted drugs are stored in a vault. A 24-hour
      audit-disposition record system is used to control the inpatient distribution of
      restricted drugs, which are stored in locked cabinets on each nursing unit. In
      the outpatient pharmacy, a small supply of restricted drugs is stored in a locked
      cabinet; the inventory is reconciled weekly. Nonrestricted controlled substances,
      such as phenobarbital and chloral hydrate, are distributed to the inpatient
      satellite pharmacies and the outpatient pharmacy in the same manner as other
      prescription drugs. Campus practitioners and researchers order all controlled
      substances from the pharmacy using the appropriate order forms; each individual
      is responsible for maintaining a record and control system. A quality assurance
      program was established to review and improve the quality of service. The
      centralized pharmacy-based system improved the control, monitoring, and
      efficiency of controlled substances distribution for the entire university
      campus.

PMID- 6823991
TI  - Improving a pharmaceutical purchasing and inventory control system.
AB  - A method by which a pharmacy department improved its purchasing and inventory
      control system is described. System changes to the computerized inventory control
      system included implementation of a formulary, affiliation with a group
      purchasing association, and transfer of specified purchasing and inventory
      control functions to the technical staff of the purchasing department. Pharmacy
      maintained the decision-making authority over all vendors and dosage forms of
      drug products. Optimal results were achieved when the purchasing department's
      pharmacy buyer position was staffed with an employee who had previous experience
      as a clerical worker in the pharmacy. The authors state that this system has
      proved to be an effective, cost efficient method of purchasing and inventory
      control of pharmaceuticals in their hospital.

PMID- 6823994
TI  - Self-directed learning of hospital pharmacy residents in western Canada.
AB  - The extent of self-directed learning among hospital pharmacy residents in western
      Canada was studied. A preresidency questionnaire and a postresidency group
      interview with a set of questionnaires were used. The residents were asked to
      list learning projects conducted in their residency programs; these learning
      projects were categorized as self-directed, mutual-agreement, and preceptor
      directed. A postinterview questionnaire was used to obtain postresidency
      measurements of self-directedness and resident autonomy. Twenty-four residents
      provided data on 164 learning projects. Projects with the most meaningfulness,
      high achievement contribution, positive motivation, and relevance corresponded
      with the self-directed approach. Residents who had more meaningful learning
      entered their residencies with no more self-directedness than other residents,
      but they did have more autonomy in their residencies. No particular type of
      project, with respect to learner autonomy, was found to be more problematic than
      the others. Facilitation of learner autonomy in a hospital pharmacy residency may
      increase the value of self-directed learning projects in general and improve the
      resident's self-directedness. Self-directed learning should continue to be part
      of residency programs.

PMID- 6823995
TI  - Time and cost comparison of four methods of filling piggyback bottles.
AB  - The time and cost required by four methods of filling piggyback bottles were
      compared. The four methods compared were (1) the traditional vacuum method, (2)
      the Wheaton Unispense Model II, (3) the Valleylab IV 6500 Formulator, and (4) the
      Instafil method. Batches of 20 bottles filled to 50-ml and 100-ml volumes were
      used to compare fill rates of all four methods. In addition, batches of 60
      bottles filled to 100-ml volumes were used to compare the fill time of the
      Instafil and the IV 6500 Formulator methods. Relative cost factors were then
      computed for each method and used for comparison. The results showed the Instafil
      method to be the fastest method for batches of 20 to 60 bottles. The traditional
      method demonstrated the lowest overall cost, followed by the Instafil method. The
      authors recommend the use of the Instafil method for batches of 60 or less. For
      larger batches, an automated device like the Valleylab Formulator or the Wheaton
      Unispense may be more appropriate.

PMID- 6823996
TI  - Compatibility and stability of clindamycin phosphate with intravenous fluids.

PMID- 6823997
TI  - Droperidol stability in intravenous admixtures.
AB  - The stability and compatibility of droperidol in small-volume i.v. admixtures was
      assessed. Droperidol was diluted to a nominal concentration of 1 mg/50 ml in 5%
      dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and lactated Ringer's
      injection in type I glass bottles and polyvinyl chloride bags. Triplicate samples
      of each admixture were stored under continuous illumination at 27 +/- 2 degrees
      C. Specimens from each sample were tested by spectrophotometric assay at
      intervals during storage periods of up to 272 hours for admixtures containing 5%
      dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection and up to 168 hours for
      admixtures containing lactated Ringer's injection. Between 48 and 168 hours of
      storage, a 7% increase was observed in droperidol concentration in 0.9% sodium
      chloride admixtures in polyvinyl chloride bags. A 24% decrease in droperidol
      concentration in lactated Ringer's admixtures in polyvinyl chloride bags between
      24 and 168 hours was attributed to sorption of droperidol by the plastic
      container. In all admixtures except those containing lactated Ringer's injection
      in polyvinyl chloride bags, droperidol concentrations throughout the storage
      period were within 10% of initial concentrations. Droperidol is stable in the
      admixtures studied for 7 to 10 days in glass bottles. In polyvinyl chloride bags,
      concentrations in admixtures containing 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium
      chloride injection are stable for seven days, but concentrations decrease
      significantly in lactated Ringer's admixtures.

PMID- 6823998
TI  - Lidocaine stability in cardioplegic solution stored in glass bottles and
      polyvinyl chloride bags.
AB  - The stability of lidocaine hydrochloride in buffered cardioplegic solutions
      stored in glass and polyvinyl chloride bags was studied. Concentrations of
      lidocaine (incorporated as the hydrochloride salt) were measured in buffered
      cardioplegic solutions containing potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate,
      dextrose, and sodium chloride. Solutions were stored at 22 +/- 2 degrees C and 4
      degrees C in glass bottles and 500-ml and 250-ml polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
      containers; some 250-ml PVC bags were underfilled to study the effects of varying
      surface area-volume ratios. Lidocaine concentrations were measured using a
      homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT, Syva Corporation) on days 0, 1, 2, 7, and
      21. Lidocaine concentrations decreased significantly in all PVC bags stored at 22
      degrees C and in underfilled PVC bags stored at 4 degrees C. Lidocaine loss in
      PVC bags appeared to result from sorption. It is concluded that lidocaine is
      stable in cardioplegic solutions when these are refrigerated and stored in glass
      containers or filled large-volume PVC bags for 21 days.

PMID- 6824000
TI  - Nonhuman primates with spontaneous diseases as animal models.

PMID- 6823999
TI  - Introduction: the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis and treatment of
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6824001
TI  - On first looking into Allbutt's System of Medicine.

PMID- 6824002
TI  - Clonidine raises blood pressure in severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of clonidine were studied in four patients with sever
      idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and one patient with baroreceptor dysfunction.
      No depressor response to clonidine was observed in any patient with idiopathic
      orthostatic hypotension at any dosage. Rather, two patients responded to 0.4 mg
      of oral clonidine with a 40 mm Hg increment in systolic blood pressure lasting
      several hours. Each has been receiving clonidine, 0.4 mg twice daily, for one
      year with greatly increased functional capacity. The other two patients with
      idiopathic orthostatic hypotension had an even greater pressor response to 0.8 mg
      of oral clonidine, but adverse effects prevented continued therapeutic use. In
      marked contrast, the patient with baroreceptor dysfunction had a profound
      depressor response to 0.2 mg of clonidine. In the treatment of idiopathic
      orthostatic hypotension, the major advantage of clonidine over other pressor
      agents is its longer duration of action. The major adverse effects of the drug in
      these patients are sedation, dry mouth, altered mentation, and excessive
      hypertension. The drug should not be given to patients with mild idiopathic
      orthostatic hypotension or selective baroreceptor dysfunction, since severe
      hypotension may result.

PMID- 6824003
TI  - Bone involvement in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Four patients with a diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia complicated by bone
      involvement are described. This is an uncommon complication of the disease.
      Manifestations included osteolytic lesions, severe osteoporosis, and aseptic
      necrosis of the femoral head. The osseous complications do not seem to bear on
      the prognoses for these patients. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy provides
      symptomatic relief and may prevent further morbidity from the bone lesions.

PMID- 6824004
TI  - Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency: a prospective study.
AB  - Twenty-two hundred sixty-two consecutive medical and surgical admissions were
      evaluated prospectively to determine the contribution of iatrogenic factors to
      the development of renal insufficiency in hospital. Of 2,216 patients at risk,
      some degree of renal insufficiency developed in 4.9 percent. Decreased renal
      perfusion, postoperative renal insufficiency, radiographic contrast media, and
      aminoglycosides accounted for 79 percent of the episodes. Iatrogenic factors,
      broadly defined, accounted for 55 percent of all episodes. Poor prognostic
      indicators included oliguria, urine sediment abnormalities and, most importantly,
      severity of renal insufficiency; with an increase in serum creatinine of 3 mg/dl
      or greater, the mortality rate was 64 percent. Age, admission serum creatinine
      levels, and the number of episodes of renal insufficiency did not significantly
      affect outcome. We conclude that there is a substantial risk of the development
      of renal failure in hospital and that the mortality rate due to hospital-acquired
      renal insufficiency remains high.

PMID- 6824007
TI  - Detection of radiation cardiomyopathy by gated radionuclide angiography.
AB  - Twenty-one asymptomatic adults underwent rest and exercise gated radionuclide
      angiography seven to 20 years after having received mediastinal radiation (2,000
      to 7,600 rads) for Hodgkin's disease. None of these patients received cytotoxic
      chemotherapy. Twelve patients (57 percent) had abnormal left (less than 53
      percent at rest and/or greater than 5 percent decrease at peak exercise) and/or
      right (less than 27 percent at rest and/or greater than 5 percent decrease at
      peak exercise) ventricular ejection fractions. Previous reports have described
      myocardial fibrosis occurring late after therapeutic mediastinal radiation;
      however, the incidence of this occurrence based on clinical follow-up has been
      low. Rest and exercise radionuclide angiography is a sensitive method for
      assessing systolic ventricular function and reveals a high prevalence of
      cardiomyopathy that can be linked to previous radiotherapy.

PMID- 6824005
TI  - Vasopressin response to orthostatic hypotension. Etiologic and clinical
      implications.
AB  - Plasma vasopressin was measured before and after tilt testing in 18 patients with
      orthostatic hypotension of various causes. In six patients, all of whom had
      normal osmotic regulation of vasopressin, normal stimulation of vasopressin did
      not occur on tilt testing; all six had clinical evidence of defects in the
      afferent or central connections of the baroregulatory reflex arc. In the
      remaining 12 patients, plasma vasopressin increased to levels appropriate for the
      degree of hypotension; none of these patients had clinical evidence of defects in
      afferent or central portions of the baroregulatory arc. Those with subnormal
      vasopressin response had significantly more severe orthostatic hypotension than
      the patients with normal vasopressin response, but none had plasma hypotonicity,
      an abnormality present in one-quarter of those with normal response. It is
      concluded that the vasopressin response to orthostatic hypotension may serve as a
      test of the integrity of the afferent and central components of the
      baroregulatory reflex arc. Furthermore, this study suggests that the normal
      vasopressin response to orthostatic hypotension may moderate the fall in blood
      pressure but may adversely affect water balance.

PMID- 6824006
TI  - Risk factors for thyroid abnormalities after neck irradiation for childhood
      cancer.
AB  - Thyroid evaluations were performed in 95 patients who received radiotherapy to
      the neck region for childhood cancer five to 34 years earlier. Fifty-six patients
      (61 percent) had at least one abnormality of serum free thyroxine index, serum
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin), or thyroid palpation. Seven had
      subnormal free thyroxine index and 40 had elevated thyrotropin concentrations.
      Thyroidal radiation doses of 3,000 or more rads and lymphangiography
      independently increased the risk (p less than or equal to 0.01) of an elevated
      serum thyrotropin concentration (present in 11 percent of patients with neither
      risk factor, 50 percent of those who underwent lymphangiography and received less
      than 3,000 rads, 46 percent of those who had 3,000 or more rads and no
      lymphangiography, and 76 percent of those with both), but duration of follow-up
      did not. Twenty-six patients had thyroid nodules and six others had diffuse
      thyroid enlargement. The frequency of palpable abnormalities increased with the
      follow-up time after radiation (30 percent of patients followed up less than 10
      years had abnormalities versus 43 percent of those followed up 10 or more years,
      p = 0.03), but was not related to the serum thyrotropin level, radiation dose, or
      lymphangiography. Among 10 patients who had surgery for nodules, three had
      localized papillary thyroid carcinomas.

PMID- 6824008
TI  - Persistent fever and confusion in a healthy 70-year-old man.

PMID- 6824009
TI  - Regulation of alcohol consumption. Individual appetite and social policy.

PMID- 6824010
TI  - Sural nerve biopsy in systemic necrotizing vasculitis.

PMID- 6824011
TI  - Acute renal failure following angiography.

PMID- 6824012
TI  - Severe hepatic damage after acetaminophen use in psittacosis.
AB  - A 63-year-old man with acute psittacosis had severe hepatic damage after
      ingesting about 10 g of acetaminophen over a 48 hour period. Transaminase levels
      showed striking elevation, with a serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase level
      of over 15,000 IU/liter, and decreased rapidly, consistent with a toxic insult.
      No other etiologic agents were identified by history or serologic testing to
      explain this degree of damage. Liver histologic findings at autopsy showed severe
      central necrosis. Although psittacosis may infrequently cause a similar pattern
      of hepatic injury, disease of this severity has not been previously reported. It
      is postulated that acetaminophen may have accentuated hepatic disease produced by
      Chlamydia psittaci in this patient.

PMID- 6824013
TI  - Factors relating to recurrence of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis following
      treatment with amphotericin B.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of cases of Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis
      during the admission in which patients received amphotericin B to determine if
      there were features related to recurrence of the disease. There was significance
      at the p less than or equal to 0.05 level in that the nonrecurrent cases tended
      to have a lower initial complement fixation titers using mycelial antigen; had
      initial complement fixation tests which were likely to result in no reaction
      using either mycelial or yeast antigen; and had more rapid drops in the
      complement fixation values using the yeast antigen. Although the present
      evaluation does not suggest an absolute minimum effective dose of amphotericin B,
      it would seem plausible to administer a course of at least 2300 mg if the initial
      complement fixation test was nonreactive but if the drug was tolerated well by
      the patient and the initial complement fixation test was reactive, the goal
      should be at least 2500 mg.

PMID- 6824016
TI  - Mycobacterium gordonae as a human hepato-peritoneal pathogen, with a review of
      the literature.
AB  - Mycobacterium gordonae was cultured from the liver of a 39-year-old woman who
      presented with ascites, weight loss, and fever. Laparoscopic examination revealed
      white nodules studding the peritoneum and liver surface, and histopathology
      revealed caseating granulomas. She was successfully treated with rifampin,
      ethambutol, and isoniazid. A review of the literature on M. gordonae as a human
      pathogen in presented. Our patient represents the third reported case of
      disseminated disease due to this organism and the first to be successfully
      treated by medical therapy alone.

PMID- 6824017
TI  - The Valsalva maneuver: a test of autonomic nervous system function in pregnancy.
AB  - Four hundred forty-two studies of the Valsalva maneuver were performed on 282
      pregnant subjects and 37 nonpregnant female control subjects. A fetal monitor was
      used for graphic presentation of the subject's beat-to-beat heart rate changes.
      The Valsalva ratio was calculated, defined as maximum tachycardia divided by
      maximum bradycardia during a Valsalva maneuver. The data from the studies on
      pregnant subjects were grouped according to weeks of gestation: less than 13, 13
      to 16, 17 to 20, 21 to 24, 25 to 28, 29 to 32, 33 to 36, and greater than 36. The
      mean Valsalva ratio for control subjects is higher than the mean for every
      gestation group, and there is a definite downward trend in the means for each
      successive gestation group through 29 to 32 weeks. The tendency for pregnant
      women to have an "abnormal" Valsalva ratio (that is, less than 1.5) also appears
      to be related to gestation. This exploratory study demonstrates that the Valsalva
      ratio is sensitive to physiologic changes associated with pregnancy. This test
      might have use as a noninvasive indicator of certain types of abnormalities
      associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 6824015
TI  - Vascular sarcoidosis: a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Pulmonary hypertension is an uncommon complication of sarcoidosis and is usually
      related to the development of end-stage, interstitial fibrosis or honeycomb lung.
      We describe a patient with sarcoidosis who developed pulmonary hypertension in
      the absence of significant parenchymal fibrosis. The pulmonary hypertension in
      this case was caused by granulomatous destruction of arteries and veins, as
      documented by an open-lung biopsy and autopsy. Clinical features, including
      pulmonary function tests, are presented which suggested that end-stage
      interstitial lung disease was not causing the hypertension. Recognition of this
      complication of sarcoidosis is important if effective therapy is to be found.

PMID- 6824018
TI  - Women refused second-trimester abortion: correlates of pregnancy outcome.
AB  - Little is known of the outcome of pregnancy in women denied abortions in the
      United States. To address this question, we studied the pregnancy outcomes in 316
      low-income women who were denied second-trimester abortion at a large,
      metropolitan teaching hospital in the Southeast between August, 1978, and July,
      1979. Follow-up information was available on 82%. One in five women denied an
      abortion managed to obtain one elsewhere. Earlier gestational age at the initial
      abortion request, higher education level, and higher income were the best
      predictors of whether a woman subsequently obtained an abortion. For the women
      who continued their pregnancies, neither the rate of serious maternal
      complications nor the neonatal death rate was increased when compared with that
      of the rest of the hospital's population.

PMID- 6824014
TI  - Effects of phlebotomy on urinary porphyrin pattern and liver histology in
      patients with porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - Urinary porphyrin profiles and liver histology have been investigated in a group
      of adult alcoholics with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) before and after one year
      phlebotomy. Both parameters were evaluated during the same period in a group of
      patients who did not undergo specific therapy for PCT. All patients were advised
      to abstain from alcohol. At the end of the one year observation period there was
      a significant fall of urinary total porphyrins and in the uro/coproporphyrin
      ratio in treated patients compared to basal values whereas no changes were found
      in controls. Liver biopsy findings revealed a significant reduction of hepatic
      fatty degeneration and siderosis with no changes in inflammatory infiltrates and
      fibrosis in treated patients, so the progression of liver disease was similar to
      controls. These results show that clinical and biochemical remission of PCT can
      occur independently of the evolution of the concomitant liver disease.

PMID- 6824019
TI  - Maternal and fetal cardiovascular effects of nicotine infusion in pregnant sheep.
AB  - The effects of nicotine on uterine and umbilical hemodynamics were studied in
      seven pregnant ewes equipped with electromagnetic flow probes around the main
      uterine and common umbilical arteries, and with polyvinyl catheters inserted into
      the fetal aorta and maternal femoral vessels. Maternal systemic infusions of 1.0
      to 1.5 mg/min significantly decreased uterine blood flow by 42% (p less than
      0.001) and 32% (p less than 0.05), respectively. However, nicotine infusion rates
      of 0.5 mg/min, resulting in mean peak maternal nicotine concentrations of 130 +/-
      5.0 ng/ml (SE), a value substantially higher than that reported in smoking
      humans, did not significantly alter uterine or umbilical vascular hemodynamics.
      Furthermore, at this lower nicotine dose, no alterations were observed in
      maternal or fetal plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. The findings suggest
      either a species difference between sheep and humans in the threshold of
      catecholamine release to nicotine exposure or the need for repetitive nicotine
      infusions throughout the day to stimulate the human smoking experience.

PMID- 6824020
TI  - Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. VIII. Atypical variable decelerations.
AB  - A total of 1,996 fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings were analyzed to assess the
      prognostic significance of variable decelerations. Nineteen percent (186 cases)
      of 988 tracings with variable decelerations in the last 30 minutes of monitored
      labor exhibited signs of atypia listed in order of frequency: (1) loss of initial
      acceleration, (2) slow return to the baseline FHR, (3) loss of secondary
      acceleration, (4) prolonged secondary acceleration, (5) biphasic deceleration,
      (6) loss of variability during deceleration, and (7) continuation of the baseline
      at a lower level. Variable decelerations with one or more of these features were
      called atypical variable decelerations and predicted a high incidence of fetal
      acidosis and low Apgar scores. By contrast, adverse fetal outcome was uncommon
      with pure variable decelerations (p much less than 0.001) irrespective of the
      duration and amplitude of the deceleration. Both pure and atypical variable
      decelerations were associated with other FHR abnormalities in over 60% of the
      cases. However, the particularly unfavorable combination with decreased FHR
      variability and tachycardia or bradycardia was seen more frequently with atypical
      than with pure variable decelerations (p much less than 0.001) and predicted the
      highest incidence of low Apgar scores. It is concluded that atypical features aid
      greatly in the identification of distress in fetuses with variable decelerations.

PMID- 6824021
TI  - The human fetal heart in the second trimester of gestation: a gross morphometric
      study of normal fetuses.
AB  - One hundred fifty-three midtrimester fetuses obtained from normal pregnancies
      terminated for nonmedical reasons were studied to establish normal standard
      measurements. Mean, standard deviation, range, and percentiles of body weight,
      foot length, crown-rump length, biparietal diameter, cardiac weight, thickness of
      ventricles, and ventricular septum were derived by computer analysis. Statistical
      analysis showed no sex difference. Equations for predicting body weight, cardiac
      weight, and septal thickness were derived with the use of fetal age and
      biparietal diameter as variables. The mean ratio of septal to left ventricular
      wall thickness was 1.14 +/- 0.34; a ratio of 1.3 or greater was found in 25% and
      a ratio of 1.5 or greater in 10% of this cohort. The results are at variance with
      the reported high incidence of septal hypertrophy seen in normal developing fetal
      hearts. We suggest that septal hypertrophy, ratio of 1.5 or greater, may reflect
      disturbances in fetal or placental circulation and warrants careful monitoring of
      the pregnancy.

PMID- 6824022
TI  - Gastrointestinal complications associated with pelvic exenteration.
AB  - Between October, 1969, and August, 1981, 125 pelvic exenterations were performed
      by gynecologic oncologists at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. One
      hundred twenty patients underwent an exenterative procedure that required urinary
      diversion and a gastrointestinal anastomosis. Gastrointestinal complications
      accounted for 60% of all nonmalignant indications for reoperation after
      exenteration. The common factor in the majority of gastrointestinal complications
      was the presence of an anastomosis in previously irradiated small bowel. Other
      preoperative factors, such as significant medical disease, previous laparotomy,
      or malnutrition, had little apparent effect on the rate of gastrointestinal
      complications. Avoidance of a small bowel anastomosis by means of a colon
      conduit, use of an omental pedicle to bring new blood supply into the pelvis, and
      hyperalimentation have reduced the risk of small bowel obstruction and fistula to
      2.2%, while alteration in surgical technique has decreased the rectovaginal
      fistula rate to 5.3%.

PMID- 6824023
TI  - Factors associated with actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou smear in users
      of intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - To determine the factors associated with the presence of actinomyces-like
      organisms on cervicovaginal Papanicolaou smears in users of the intrauterine
      contraceptive device (IUD), we carried out a case-control study. Among about
      80,000 Papanicolaou smears examined in one year in a large cytology laboratory,
      actinomyces-like organisms were identified on 107 smears; all but three smears
      were from IUD users. Compared with IUD users who did not have actinomyces-like
      organisms on Papanicolaou smears, those with actinomyces-like organisms had used
      the IUD for more years. An increased risk of actinomyces-like organisms on
      Papanicolaou smear was not apparent until 7 years of IUD use, however. No
      significant association of actinomyces-like organisms with the type of IUD was
      found after controlling for differences in duration of use between users of
      various IUDs. The percentage of women reporting gynecologic symptoms (vaginal
      discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding) also did not differ significantly
      between IUD users with and without actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou
      smear (p = 0.5).

PMID- 6824025
TI  - Benign cystic mesothelioma involving the female genital tract: report of four
      cases.
AB  - Four cases of benign cystic mesothelioma are described. The disease affects young
      white women (mean age, 30 years), and they present with chronic pelvic pain. At
      laparoscopy or laparotomy, multiple cysts ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 cm in
      diameter and containing clear fluid are seen. The disease commonly affects the
      pelvic organs and/or omentum. With the electron microscope, the cell of origin of
      this proliferative process is shown to be the mesothelial cell. The disease has
      been previously described under a variety of terms. There seems to be a tendency
      for recurrence, but no malignant potential is apparent. Treatment may be
      conservative with preservation of pelvic organs. Benign cystic mesothelioma
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the
      female genital tract.

PMID- 6824024
TI  - Prognostic significance of the tumor antigen TA-4 in squamous cell carcinoma of
      the uterine cervix.
AB  - Prognostic values of a tumor antigen (TA-4) of squamous cell carcinoma were
      studied in 135 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix. In order to evaluate the host defense responses against cancer, the
      percentage of lymphocytes (percentages of lymphocytes in total leukocyte counts
      in the peripheral blood) was also determined simultaneously in each case. All
      patients were followed up for 2 years. Sixty patients with Stage II disease
      underwent a radical operative procedure, and all other cases (75 cases) were
      treated primarily with radiation therapy. In both groups of patients, the
      survival rate or disease-free rate was significantly worse in those with TA-4
      levels of greater than or equal to 15 microunits/ml compared to that of those
      with lower levels. The prognosis was particularly poor in those patients who had
      TA-4 levels of greater than or equal to 15 microunits/ml and lymphocyte
      percentages of less than 30. It was concluded that the simultaneous
      determinations of serum TA-4 and lymphocyte percentages would be useful in
      predicting the prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6824026
TI  - Preservation of reproductive potential in diethylstilbestrol-related vaginal
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6824027
TI  - Gestational-pseudogestational sac: a new ultrasonic criterion for differential
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6824029
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime.

PMID- 6824030
TI  - Measurement of phosphate.

PMID- 6824028
TI  - Fetoscope-directed neodymium-YAG laser: a potential tool for fetal surgery.

PMID- 6824031
TI  - Circadian patterns and dexamethasone-induced changes in uterine activity in
      pregnant rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Five monkeys with amniotic pressure catheters were placed in restraining chairs
      on days 127 to 131 of gestation (term = 167 days) for examination of circadian
      patterns in uterine activity. Uterine activity (total area under the contraction
      curve) was recorded continuously for 3- to 9-day intervals while the animals were
      exposed to a 16-hour:8-hour light:dark photoperiod. A ratio of hourly contraction
      area to mean hourly contraction area was established for each individual, and a
      circadian pattern was observed, with the occurrence of peak uterine activity
      between 2200 and 0200 hours (analysis of variance, P less than 0.01). An
      unrestrained animal equipped with a telemetry device and monitored for 23 days
      demonstrated a similar pattern. Four other catheterized, chair-restrained,
      pregnant monkeys were used to examine the effects of dexamethasone on uterine
      activity rhythms. After a 48-hour control period, dexamethasone (0.1 mg/hr) was
      infused via a maternal venous catheter for 48 hours. Fetal and maternal estrone
      and estradiol levels and total uterine activity were significantly reduced during
      dexamethasone infusion (P less than 0.05). In the 48 hours after dexamethasone
      infusion, mean uterine activity returned to preinfusion levels but the nocturnal
      peak remained ablated. Therefore, dexamethasone, alters the magnitude, as well as
      the circadian pattern, of uterine activity in association with reduced estrogen
      biosynthesis by the fetoplacental unit. Since the effect on uterine activity is
      biphasic, dexamethasone probably acts by more than one mechanism.

PMID- 6824032
TI  - Factors affecting human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster ova.
AB  - The effects of in vivo and in vitro aging of hamster ova, protein supplementation
      of culture media, sperm concentration, and sperm motility on penetration of zona
      free hamster ova by human sperm were investigated. Penetrability of ova was
      significantly lowered by 2 to 4 additional hours of in vivo aging or by an
      additional 3 hours of in vitro aging. A comparison was made of the effects of the
      addition to the media of human preovulatory serum and human serum albumin, and
      the penetrating ability of human sperm was increased with the addition of 10%
      human preovulatory serum. Sperm motility was also better maintained in the
      presence of 10% serum. Maximum penetration occurred after 3 hours of sperm-egg
      interaction following a 3-hour preincubation period with a sperm concentration of
      5 x 10(6) motile sperm per milliliter. When motile sperm concentration was
      maintained at 1 X 10(7) motile sperm per milliliter, there was no correlation
      between penetrating ability and percentage of motility. These factors should be
      controlled to allow reproducible results with the hamster test.

PMID- 6824033
TI  - The effect of relaxin and progesterone on rat uterine contractions.
AB  - The effect of porcine relaxin on electrically stimulated in vitro contractions of
      isolated uterine horn segments from estrogen-pretreated immature rats was
      studied. Relaxin decreased the amplitude of contractions. A mean of 8.3 ng/ml of
      relaxin produced a 90% decrease in contraction amplitude. There was a minimal
      effect of 1.0 microgram/ml of progesterone on contraction amplitude. In vitro
      pretreatment of the isolated uterine segment with this dose of progesterone for
      15 minutes did not significantly affect the dose of relaxin needed to decrease
      the amplitude of contractions. In contrast, pretreatment with progesterone for 45
      minutes significantly decreased the concentration of relaxin needed to decrease
      contraction amplitude. Only 4.7 ng/ml of relaxin was needed to produce a 90%
      decrease in amplitude after progesterone pretreatment for 45 minutes (p less than
      0.005). Relaxin and progesterone synergize in decreasing the amplitude of uterine
      contractions in vitro. A similar effect may occur in vivo.

PMID- 6824034
TI  - Effects of danazol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in healthy women and in
      women with endometriosis.
AB  - Previous studies of the effects of danazol on lipid and lipoprotein levels have
      been conflicting and limited to women with endometriosis. In the present study,
      plasma levels of lipids and lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides were
      determined in 25 infertile women with endometriosis and in eight normal women
      before, during, and after treatment with danazol at daily doses of 200 to 800 mg
      for 2 to 6 months. Pretreatment values of cholesterol, triglycerides, and
      lipoprotein were within the normal range in all subjects except three (one with
      type III and two with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia). During treatment, the mean
      levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased slightly, while no
      significant changes in low-density and very low-density lipoproteins were seen.
      However, a marked (40%) reduction in the mean levels of high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol and triglycerides occurred (P less than 0.001) within 4 weeks of
      therapy in all subjects, which persisted for the duration of the treatment.
      Patients with pretreatment hyperlipoproteinemia experienced a substantial fall in
      plasma lipids and lipoprotein and had normal lipoprotein profiles during
      treatment. Within 4 weeks after danazol was discontinued, all changes in plasma
      lipid and lipoprotein levels returned to pretreatment levels. These findings have
      important implications for the atherogenic potential of danazol, a new treatment
      for hyperlipidemia, and the relationship between gonadal hormones and lipoprotein
      levels.

PMID- 6824036
TI  - Relationship between Y-chromosome length and first-trimester spontaneous
      abortions.
AB  - The hypothesis that variation in Y-chromosome length is associated with
      repetitive fetal wastage was tested. Chromosome lengths were objectively
      quantitated by scanning photographic negatives of metaphases with a computer
      programmed to (1) select boundary thresholds and (2) construct and measure
      centerlines with a cubic spline-fitting algorithm. Variation in Y length among
      cells of different individuals was standardized by use of the ratio of the length
      of the Y to the average of the lengths of the No. 20s (20) in the same cell.
      Three groups were studied: (1) men whose wives had three or more spontaneous
      abortions and no live-born infants, (2) men whose wives had both abortions and
      normal live-born infants, and (3) control men whose wives had normal live-born
      infants only. Although central tendencies were similar in the three groups, the
      distributions of Y lengths among the three groups were significantly different
      (chi 2(6) = 15.33, 0.025 greater than p greater than 0.010). This difference was
      primarily because more of the subjects with only repetitive loss had Y lengths in
      the "tails" of the distribution rather than in the center. Our observations
      suggest the existence of an optimal Y length with respect to reproductive
      performance.

PMID- 6824035
TI  - Concentrations of deoxycorticosterone, deoxycorticosterone sulfate, and
      progesterone in maternal venous serum and umbilical arterial and venous sera.
AB  - The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential for the
      transfer of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and deoxycorticosterone sulfate (DOC-SO4)
      from the fetal to the maternal compartment in near-term human pregnancy. To do so
      we measured progesterone, DOC, and DOC-SO4 in maternal venous serum and in
      umbilical arterial and venous sera. The levels of DOC and DOC-SO4 in maternal
      serum were significantly correlated to each other and to those of progesterone in
      maternal serum. However, there was no correlation between the levels of DOC or
      DOC-SO4 in umbilical arterial or venous sera and those of these steroids in
      maternal serum. Although there was no difference in the concentrations of DOC in
      umbilical arterial or venous serum, there was a highly significant difference in
      the umbilical arterial and venous concentrations of DOC-SO4. We conclude that the
      potential exists for DOC-SO4 from umbilical arterial plasma to enter trophoblasts
      where it could be hydrolyzed to DOC. The DOC so formed could then be
      redistributed primarily to the maternal but also to the fetal compartment.

PMID- 6824037
TI  - An assessment of the participatory role of prostaglandins and serotonin in the
      pathophysiology of endotoxic shock.
AB  - The well-documented acute cardiodynamic changes in canine endotoxemia were
      significantly altered by pretreatment with either a newly synthesized serotonin
      receptor antagonist (ketanserin) or with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor
      (indomethacin). Ketanserin, but not indomethacin, significantly attenuated the
      endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction but had no effect
      on the typical systemic hemodynamic changes. In sharp contrast, indomethacin
      significantly attenuated systemic hypotension and enhanced peripheral vascular
      resistance. Neither drug influenced the typical acute fall in cardiac output or
      the capillary permeability edema; neither drug attenuated the metabolic acidosis
      of endotoxemia. These results imply that, although serotonin and the
      prostaglandins each participate in a unique manner in the pathophysiology of
      experimentally induced endotoxic shock, neither autacoid appeared singularly
      responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations consistently observed.

PMID- 6824038
TI  - Characterization of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in human uterine
      decidua vera tissue.
AB  - In the present investigation, we characterized the activity of catechol-O
      methyltransferase (COMT) in homogenates prepared from human decidua vera tissue.
      The specific activity of COMT in decidua vera is greater than that in liver and
      myometrium and much greater than that in adipose tissue and erythrocytes. The
      specific activity of COMT in decidua vera obtained at term was significantly
      greater (p less than 0.001) than that obtained early in gestation. However, we do
      not as yet ascribe physiologic significance to this finding since the period of
      time between delivery of the tissue and assay of the enzyme activity may have
      varied between the two groups.

PMID- 6824039
TI  - Profile of serum estriol and its conjugates at delivery and in the immediate
      postpartum period in a patient with severe polycystic kidney disease: a
      comparison with normal pregnancy.
AB  - A patient with group C polycystic kidney disease had abnormally high
      concentrations of total serum estriol (E3) but low-normal urinary levels of E3
      throughout the period of study (20 weeks of gestation until delivery by cesarean
      section at 33 weeks, 5 days). At delivery and at regular intervals until 6 hours
      thereafter serum specimens were analyzed for unconjugated E3 and its four major
      conjugates. Comparisons were made with levels in three normal volunteer subjects
      studied in the same way. In the 6 hours, total E3 declined 37% in the subject
      with polycystic kidney disease whereas in normal subjects the decline ranged from
      84% to 99%. Unconjugated E3 was depleted from the serum in all subjects in about
      2 hours. The major difference between the patient with polycystic kidney disease
      and the normal subjects was in the profile of E3 conjugates. In polycystic kidney
      disease, E3-3-glucosiduronate (E3-3G) and E3-3-sulfate-16-glucosiduronate (E3-SG)
      respectively made up 83% and 1.8% of the total serum estriol, whereas in the
      normal subjects the average values were 13% for E3-3G and 49% for E3-SG. There
      were no consistent dramatic changes in the percentage contribution of any
      conjugate to the total E3 level in either the patient with polycystic kidney
      disease or the normal subjects in the predelivery or postdelivery periods. The E3
      profile in polycystic kidney disease is explainable in terms of impaired renal
      function coupled with normal enterohepatic metabolism of E3.

PMID- 6824040
TI  - Quantitation of sex chromosomal influence(s) on the somatic growth of fetal
      gonads in vivo.
AB  - Matings between mice carrying the heterozygous autosomal gene Steel produce 25%
      homozygous Sl/Sld mutants having agametic gonads composed of somatic tissue
      alone. Mutants show a normal 1:1 male:female sex ratio and gonadal sex
      corresponds to genotypic sex. Gonads from both normal and mutant male and female
      fetuses were obtained on a daily basis from the twelfth day of gestation to birth
      and morphometrically evaluated for determination of the quantitative expression
      of XY and XX chromosomal combinations on growth of gonadal somatic tissue. Growth
      of testicular soma was found to be independent of a germ cell influence
      throughout the entire course of gestation whereas a germ cell influence on growth
      of ovarian gonadal soma was apparent from day 18 and thereafter. By birth,
      testicular somatic growth displayed a ten-fold increase over that of the ovary.
      These results suggest that early gonadal somatic growth is independent of a germ
      cell influence. The significant impact of a Y-chromosomal influence on gonadal
      somatic growth may suggest that male-specific gene product(s) regulate growth as
      well as differentiation of the somatic elements of the fetal testis.

PMID- 6824042
TI  - Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II in hospitalized primigravid women with
      pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - Hospitalization of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension is beneficial in
      improving pregnancy outcome, but how it affects this physiologic process is not
      clear. In the present investigation, we evaluated pressor responsiveness to
      angiotensin II in 62 hospitalized women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
      Although each of the women became normotensive, at least transiently, all
      remained sensitive to the pressor effects of angiotensin II. Thus, the beneficial
      effect of hospitalization on women with pregnancy-induced hypertension cannot be
      attributed to a decrease in the responsiveness to the action of angiotensin II.

PMID- 6824046
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor in human placenta: studies of concentration and
      functional differences of preterm and term tissue.

PMID- 6824045
TI  - Characterization of ornithine decarboxylase activity in human uterine decidua
      vera.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the
      biosynthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. In the
      present study, we characterized the activity of ODC in human uterine decidua vera
      tissue. We evaluated the activity of the enzyme in decidua vera tissue that was
      obtained from pregnancies at term before or after the spontaneous onset of labor
      and in decidua vera tissue that was obtained between 8 and 18 weeks'
      postconceptional gestational age at the time of elective abortion. Among these
      tissues, no significant differences in ODC activity were demonstrable.

PMID- 6824041
TI  - A rapid and specific enzymatic method for the quantification of
      phosphatidylcholine, disaturated phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol in
      amniotic fluid.
AB  - An enzymatic procedure for the quantification of phosphatidylcholine, disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid is described. By
      use of this method, choline and glycerol are released enzymatically from
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, respectively, in reactions
      catalyzed by phospholipase D. The hydrogen peroxide generated from choline (by
      the action of choline oxidase) and from glycerol (by the combined action of
      glycerokinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase) is quantified
      spectrophotometrically after the addition of horseradish peroxidase,
      aminoantipyrine, and phenol. The phosphatidylcholine concentration in amniotic
      fluid was found to be approximately 10 to 30 nmol/ml between the twenty-third and
      thirty-sixth week of gestation and increased sevenfold to eightfold between the
      thirty-seventh week and term. The procedure can be modified for the
      quantification of disaturated phosphatidylcholine. The concentration of
      phosphatidylglycerol was approximately 2 nmol/ml between the twenty-third and
      thirty-sixth week and increased to 10 to 20 nmol/ml between the thirty-seventh
      and forty-first week of pregnancy. Since contamination of amniotic fluid with
      bile pigments does not interfere with either assay, the phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylglycerol concentrations in amniotic fluid can be determined in
      samples that are contaminated with meconium.

PMID- 6824048
TI  - IgG specific antibodies to rye grass and ragweed pollen antigens in the tear
      secretions of patients with vernal conjunctivitis.
AB  - We studied the tears of 30 patients (25 males and five females, ranging in age
      from 8 to 34 years) with vernal conjunctivitis for pollen-specific IgG antibodies
      to rye grass and ragweed antigen E by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). Eighteen of 30 (60%) and 20 of 30 (67%) patients with vernal
      conjunctivitis had significant levels (more than 2 S.D. from the mean of control
      tears) of IgG antibodies in their tear secretions to rye grass (geometric mean =
      68.7 ELISA units) and ragweed antigen E (geometric mean = 50 ELISA units),
      respectively. In contrast, the control groups (eight atopic individuals, four
      with seasonal rhinitis, and 12 with allergic conjunctivitis) had low amounts of
      specific IgG antibodies to these two pollen antigens in their tears. Total IgG
      and IgM were also increased in the tears of patients with vernal conjunctivitis.
      To evaluate whether these immunoglobulins and specific IgG antibodies were
      locally produced by the conjunctival tissues, we used transferrin as a marker for
      the leakage of plasma proteins into tears. We found that the specific IgG
      antibodies to rye grass or ragweed antigen E, or both, in the tears were locally
      produced by the conjunctival tissues. The local production ranged from 20% to
      99.9%. Of 17 patients with vernal conjunctivitis and undetectable pollen-specific
      IgE antibodies in their tears, 14 (82.4%) had tear specific IgG antibodies to rye
      grass or ragweed antigen E or both, whereas of those with measurable tear IgE
      antibodies, only nine of 13 (69%) had tear IgG antibodies to rye grass or antigen
      E or both. These results suggested that both IgE- and IgG-mediated immune
      mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of vernal conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6824044
TI  - Correlation of real-time ultrasonic placental grading with amniotic fluid
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio.
AB  - Placental grading with real-time ultrasound was performed on 235 patients who
      underwent amniocentesis for determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S)
      ratio between 31 and 44 weeks' gestation. Grades I, II, and III placentas were
      encountered in 88, 72, and 75 patients, respectively. Forty-eight percent of
      Grade I, 69% of Grade II, and 92% of Grade III placentas had mature L/S ratios
      (L/S greater than or equal to 2.0). All of the 52 patients with a Grade III
      placenta who underwent repeat cesarean section at term gestation had mature L/S
      ratios. However, 37% of the pregnancies complicated by maternal or fetal disease,
      with Grade III placentas, had immature L/S ratios. The gestational age of these
      six patients ranged from 34 to 37 weeks. These results suggest that a Grade III
      placenta in normal term gestation has a good correlation with fetal pulmonary
      maturity as predicted by the amniotic fluid L/S ratio.

PMID- 6824047
TI  - Aphakic extended-wear contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - Fifteen aphakic eyes in 15 selected patients who underwent penetrating
      keratoplasty were successfully fitted with extended-wear contact lenses three to
      42 months postoperatively. After an average follow-up of 17 months, there was no
      graft edema, no microbial corneal ulcers, and no episode of graft rejection.
      Three eyes developed minor (1 to 2 mm) graft neovascularization; the
      neovascularization was stable and did not require discontinuation of the contact
      lenses. Fourteen of the 15 patients had postoperative visual acuities of 20/70 or
      better; the one patient whose visual acuity was worse than 20/70 had a clear
      graft but also had senile macular degeneration.

PMID- 6824049
TI  - The role of herpesvirus type 1 thymidine kinase in experimental ocular
      infections.
AB  - Herpesvirus type 1 thymidine-kinase-negative mutants are readily selected for in
      tissue culture and in humans by acyclovir, a promising antiviral agent. We
      investigated the ocular pathogenicity of thymidine-kinase-negative mutants in the
      rabbit. The natural course of untreated keratitis induced by the herpesvirus type
      1 thymidine-kinase-negative strain was characterized by superficial dendrites and
      geographic ulcers that healed spontaneously without loss of corneal clarity. We
      also studied the relationship between herpesvirus type 1 thymidine-kinase
      activity and virulence in the rabbit with three strains of herpesvirus type 1:
      NIH thymidine-kinase-positive (100% thymidine-kinase activity), NIH thymidine
      kinase-intermediate (25% thymidine-kinase activity), and NIH thymidine-kinase
      negative (0% thymidine-kinase activity). Despite comparable ocular titers, the
      NIH thymidine-kinase-positive strain proved to be the most virulent, causing
      significantly (P less than .002) more keratitis, encephalitis, and death than the
      other strains.

PMID- 6824043
TI  - Psychological stress and increases in urinary norepinephrine metabolites,
      platelet serotonin, and adrenal androgens in women with polycystic ovary
      syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-three women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 10 women with hypothalamic
      pituitary dysfunction, and 50 control subjects were studied in an attempt to
      investigate the prevalence of psychological stress and its possible relationship
      to various hormonal parameters. Norepinephrine (NE) excretion, as reflected by
      urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and urinary 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxymandelic acid (VMA), platelet serotonin, plasma adrenocorticotrophic
      hormone (ACTH), urinary free cortisol, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), androstenedione (Adione), dehydroepiandrosterone
      (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEA-S), delta 5-androstenediol (delta 5-Adiol),
      testosterone (T), and unbound estradiol (E2) were measured. In addition,
      psychological stress was assessed by means of questionnaires modified from the
      Schedule of Recent Experiences, in which a Life Events Inventory was scored
      between 1 and 100. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly
      elevated levels of serum LH, LH:FSH ratios, unbound E2, Adione, DHEA, delta 5
      Adiol, T, and DHEA-S (p less than 0.01). The number of Major Life Events (events
      scored on the questionnaire above 60) was significantly higher in women with
      polycystic ovary syndrome than in control women and women with hypothalamic
      pituitary dysfunction (p less than 0.05). Urinary MHPG and platelet serotonin
      levels were also significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (p
      less than 0.05), whereas VMA was normal. Levels of plasma ACTH and urinary free
      cortisol were similar in all groups. There was a significant positive correlation
      between MHPG and DHEA-S, MHPG and LH, and LH and T levels in women with
      polycystic ovary syndrome and those with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (p
      less than 0.01). VMA also correlated with DHEA-S (p less than 0.05). In
      conclusion, psychological stress may be more prevalent in women with polycystic
      ovary syndrome and may be associated with elevated levels of MHPG and platelet
      serotonin. Because we have found that MHPG, but not VMA, correlated with LH, and
      because both MHPG and VMA correlated with DHEA-S, we hypothesize here that
      psychological stress and neurotransmitter levels may be linked to some of the
      hormonal derangements, including inappropriate gonadotropin secretion and
      elevated adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PMID- 6824050
TI  - Retinal circulatory changes after scleral buckling procedures.
AB  - The noninvasive laser Doppler technique was used to study retinal circulatory
      characteristics in five patients who underwent uncomplicated scleral buckling
      procedures. In each patient, the systolic/diastolic variation of the red blood
      cell speed in the retinal arteries (flow pulsatility ratio) was lower in the eye
      that had received an intrascleral implant and an encircling band than in the
      fellow eye. In one patient, an increase in flow pulsatility ratio accompanied an
      increase in retinal blood flow after removal of the scleral buckling elements. In
      another patient, the flow pulsatility ratio in the eye that had received a solid
      implant and an encircling band was less than the ratio in the fellow eye that had
      received an absorbable implant alone. Our results indicated that reduced retinal
      blood flow may be common after scleral buckling procedures, and may be a
      significant factor in otherwise inexplicable postoperative complications.

PMID- 6824051
TI  - Vitreous fluorophotometry in pars planitis.
AB  - We used vitreous fluorophotometry to supplement standard clinical techniques and
      fluorescein angiography to study 23 eyes in 12 patients with pars planitis. All
      eyes leaked abnormal amounts of fluorescein into the vitreous. The leakage was
      generalized in the posterior segment of the eye. In milder cases, leakage was
      greater posteriorly; more severe cases showed preferential leakage from the
      equatorial and midperipheral regions. There was no predilection for leakage in
      the inferior fundus. The eyes in which greater leakage occurred inferiorly tended
      to be those with greater overall leakage; all but one involved early cyclitic
      membrane formation or heavy neovascularization of the pars plana membrane. The
      amount of cystoid macular edema demonstrated by fluorescein angiography
      correlated well with vitreous fluorophotometric values, as did vitreous haze, the
      extent and density of the inferior membrane, and visual acuity.

PMID- 6824052
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in sympathetic ophthalmia.
AB  - Twenty patients with histopathologically confirmed sympathetic ophthalmia (Group
      1) and eight patients with "presumed sympathetic ophthalmia," based on a clinical
      history of bilateral uveitis occurring within four months of a perforating ocular
      injury (Group 2), were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C antigenic determinants
      by a micro-lymphocytotoxicity technique. HLA antigenic determinants found in
      Groups 1 and 2 were compared to a control group of 107 patients with sequelae of
      perforating ocular injuries from accidents, intraocular surgery, or corneal
      ulcers (Group 3). HLA-A11 antigen showed an increased frequency of 30% in Group 1
      (relative risk = 11.0; P less than .002) and an increased frequency of 32% in
      Groups 1 + 2 (relative risk = 10.5; P less than .0005) compared to Group 3
      (frequency = 4%). This finding was validated against a second control group of
      453 healthy subjects without ocular disease or trauma (Group 4). This association
      suggests that a genetic factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of
      sympathetic ophthalmia.

PMID- 6824053
TI  - The effect of topically administered carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on aqueous
      humor dynamics in rabbits.
AB  - Repeated topical administration of 2.5% trifluormethazolamide, a halogenated
      derivative of methazolamide, resulted in a unilateral decrease in intraocular
      pressure in rabbits. Mean (+/- S.E.M.) baseline intraocular pressure (19.8 +/-
      2.1 mm Hg) was significantly (P less than .05) decreased 30 minutes (16.1 +/- 2.2
      mm Hg) and 60 minutes (15.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg) after drug administration.
      Trifluormethazolamide did not alter outflow facility. Aqueous humor flow
      calculated from the tonographic data was reduced 44% and flow measured by
      fluorophotometry was reduced 29%. Topical delivery of trifluormethazolamide
      decreased the level of carbon dioxide in the aqueous humor in the treated eye in
      a manner similar to that observed after systemic administration of carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitors. Topical administration of 10% acetazolamide did not
      decrease intraocular pressure. However, topical administration of either
      trifluormethazolamide or acetazolamide before oral administration of water
      resulted in a blunting of the water-induced ocular hypertensive response.

PMID- 6824056
TI  - Eyelid taping for comfortable occlusion.

PMID- 6824055
TI  - Corneal chromomycosis.

PMID- 6824057
TI  - Corneal ulcer caused by a biologic insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis).

PMID- 6824054
TI  - A multipurpose low-vision aid.
AB  - We constructed a low-vision aid for a 61-year-old patient who had familial
      macular degeneration and a visual acuity of 20/300. The aid consisted of a
      spectacle lens incorporating his distance prescription as the carrier, a high
      plus bifocal reading addition, and the high-minus ocular lens of a Galilean
      telescope of variable magnification. The objective lens of the telescope can be
      carried as a folding, dual-lens, hand magnifier.

PMID- 6824058
TI  - A plastic tack for the treatment of retinal detachment with giant tear.

PMID- 6824059
TI  - Decreasing discomfort caused by retrobulbar alcohol injection.

PMID- 6824062
TI  - An ultrastructural analysis of endothelial change paralleling platelet
      aggregation in a light/dye model of microvascular insult.
AB  - Those microvascular endothelial events that parallel the evolution of platelet
      aggregation were evaluated in a well-controlled animal model. Cat pial
      microvessels were observed through a cranial window while local platelet
      aggregation was produced by intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein and
      simultaneous exposure of the pial vessels to light from a filtered mercury lamp
      that excited the fluorescein. The vessels were fixed in situ when the in vivo
      observations of a preselected vessel indicated early, intermediate, or advanced
      aggregation in that vessel. The preselected vessel was then harvested for
      ultrastructural study together with adjacent vessels from the illuminated field.
      These vessels and appropriate controls were compared in semiserial thin sections.
      The onset of platelet aggregation in both venules and arterioles was accompanied
      by focal endothelial lucency, vacuole formation, luminal membrane rupture, and
      swelling of the nuclear envelope. These changes were not found in control
      material. With intermediate aggregation these changes were more common, while
      with advanced aggregation these abnormalities occurred together with focal
      endothelial denudation. Thus, in this model denudation occurred only with
      advanced aggregation and was not a prerequisite for aggregation.

PMID- 6824061
TI  - Histopathology and host response associated with reduced tumorigenicity of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine--treated murine melanoma cells.
AB  - Growth of B16 murine melanoma cells (clone B559) with low concentrations of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has previously been shown to have little effect upon
      cell proliferation in culture but to significantly reduce the tumorigenicity of
      the cells when they are injected into adult syngeneic mice. To determine the fate
      of BrdUrd-grown cells in vivo, we compared the sites of injection of control,
      fully tumorigenic B559 cells, and BrdUrd-grown cells (3 micrograms/ml for 3 days,
      termed 3BRM cells) with greatly reduced tumorigenicity (only 8%). We found no
      evidence of even a transitory period of progressive growth in vivo of BrdUrd
      grown cells. At sites of injection of 3BRM cells, as early as Day 1 after
      injection, there was a significantly lower proliferation rate of the melanoma
      cells, significantly greater numbers of infiltrating host mononuclear cells, and
      a significantly higher ratio of host mononuclear to melanoma cells. There was no
      evidence of endothelial cell proliferation or neovascularization at the sites of
      3BRM cells. When sites of injection at 1 day after injection were examined
      electron-microscopically, evidence of host melanoma cell interactions was more
      frequently observed at sites of 3BRM cells. The results suggest that the reduced
      tumorigenicity of BrdUrd-grown melanoma cells may be due to cytostatic and/or
      cytotoxic influences generated by an enhanced mononuclear cell response. Because
      the host response occurs so quickly, the involvement of natural killer cells is
      postulated.

PMID- 6824060
TI  - An experimental method for rapid growth of liver in spleen. The survival and
      proliferation of chemically induced preneoplastic hepatocytes in spleen.
AB  - Cellular suspensions (2 x 10(6) cells) of isolated preneoplastic liver cells,
      obtained from carcinogen-treated rats, were injected in the spleens of syngeneic
      rats divided into groups on the basis of no treatment, partial hepatectomy (PH),
      and/or feeding regimens including 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Recipient rats
      undergoing both PH and AAF showed significantly more rapid proliferation of the
      preneoplastic liver cell implant, compared with other treatment groups and
      control. The theoretic basis for this observation, supported by a large body of
      data derived from hepatocarcinogenesis, is as follows: The phenotype of the donor
      cells has been altered by chemical carcinogens such that the liver cells develop
      resistance to growth-inhibiting agents such as AAF. The recipient receives PH and
      AAF, the former creating a strong proliferative stimulus for hepatocytes, while
      the latter inhibits regeneration of normal liver cells but not those resistant to
      the mito-inhibitory effect of AAF, ie, the carcinogen-altered donor cells. These
      manipulations in donors and recipients thus create a selective environment in
      which the implant undergoes rapid proliferation. This model of resistance
      induction followed by selective proliferation, built upon the principles of
      carcinogenesis and applied to isolated liver cell transplantation, provides an
      experimental basis for achieving rapid liver growth of the splenic implant.

PMID- 6824063
TI  - Characterization of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea--induced mammary tumors in the rat.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal inoculation of 180 mg/kg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)
      into 30-day-old outbred Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats resulted in an 90% incidence of
      mammary tumors (MTs) after an average latent period of 93 days, with an 85% rate
      of malignancy. The incidence, induction period, number of tumors per rats, and
      the rate of malignancy were reduced in rats ovariectomized prior to or shortly
      after (5 days) ENU exposure. Over 70% of the ENU-induced MTs regressed following
      ovarioectomy. The malignant MTs developed from nodules located in the terminal
      end buds (TEB), which are believed to contain the most susceptible cell
      population for chemical carcinogens. The serum calcium was elevated above control
      values in 92% of intact rats evaluated with MTs in the absence of bone
      metastases. No correlation was demonstrated between the volume of MTs or total
      number of MTs and the serum calcium level. The ENU-induced MT is a reproducible
      animal model that can be used in the investigation of the early changes in
      mammary cells (especially TEB) and the interrelationships between the carcinogen
      and ovarian hormones associated with neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 6824064
TI  - The effect of charge on the renal distribution of ferritin.
AB  - The effect of charge on the tissue distribution of ferritin was evaluated in rats
      following intravenous administration of 3 monomeric species preparatively
      separated by molecular sieve chromatography from aggregated ferritin and having
      the same molecular weight but differing only in electrostatic charge: native
      ferritin, with a isoelectric point (pI) of 4.5 (NF); cationized ferritin, with a
      pI of 6.4-7.4 (CF 7.0); and cationized ferritin, with a pI of 8.25-8.75 (CF 8.5).
      At varying time intervals (30 minutes to 72 hours) after the administration of
      these ferritins in a dose of 10 mg/100 g, the levels in the blood were
      determined, the tissue (kidney, liver, spleen) distribution semiquantitatively
      evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopic examination (EM)
      of the kidney carried out. The following results were obtained: 1) The plasma
      levels of CF (8.5) and CF (7.0) were significantly higher than NF after 6 hours.
      NF was not detected after 24 hours, whereas CF continued to circulate at 72
      hours. 2) There was a striking decrease in the uptake of CF (7.0) and CF (8.5),
      when compared with NF, by Kupffer cells and splenic phagocytes in the red pulp at
      all time periods. 3) In the glomerulus, NF was found primarily in the mesangium
      and gradually disappeared over a period of 72 hours, whereas CF was present in
      greater amounts and persisted for longer periods of time in the mesangium and in
      the peripheral capillary wall. By electron microscopy, CF (8.5) could be seen in
      th lamina rara and within the mesangium in small aggregates aligned parallel to
      mesangial cell processes, whereas NF and CF (7.0) were distributed homogeneously
      throughout the mesangial matrix. 4) NF, but not CF, was also observed surrounding
      blood vessels and in interstitial phagocytes. These in vivo studies demonstrate
      that the electrostatic charge of ferritin affects its uptake in vivo by
      components of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). The persistence and
      distribution of CF in glomeruli is a consequence of higher blood levels
      associated with impaired phagocytic uptake as well as charge-related binding to
      sites within the glomeruli.

PMID- 6824065
TI  - Proteins of intermediate filaments. An immunohistochemical and biochemical
      approach to the classification of soft tissue tumors.
AB  - The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of various types of human soft tissue
      tumors was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy with the use of specific
      antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, and desmin, as well as by one- and two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of high-salt buffer- and detergent-resistant
      cytoskeletal preparations. All leiomyomas as well as a leiomyosarcoma contained
      desmin. Leiomyomas of both gastrointestinal and uterine derivation and the
      retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma showed strong reaction for desmin in the smooth
      muscle cells, but the latter two exhibited also vimentin staining. In embryonal
      rhabdomyosarcomas, desmin prevailed in the large, apparently well-differentiated
      rhabdomyoblasts; whereas the smaller, less differentiated tumor cells
      preferentially contained vimentin. Cells of malignant fibrous histiocytomas were
      characterized by their content of vimentin as the only intermediate filament
      protein present. In alveolar soft part sarcoma, a rare tumor of hitherto unknown
      histogenesis, vimentin and desmin co-existed within the same tumor cells,
      indicating, together with chemical determinations, the myogenic derivation of
      this neoplasm. The results show that immunologic and biochemical analysis of
      proteins associated with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is a useful
      adjunct in the diagnosis of diverse neoplasms, particularly those with equivocal
      histologic features, and thus aids in the histogenetic classification of soft
      tissue tumors.

PMID- 6824070
TI  - Facilitation of the isometric maximum voluntary contraction with traction. A test
      of PNF predictions.
AB  - Mean rectified electromyographic activity in vastus lateralis (VL) was recorded
      with surface electrodes during several Ss isometric maximum voluntary
      contractions performed in the PNF pattern of flexion-abduction-internal rotation,
      with the subject supine. The effects of longitudinally applied traction forces
      were compared in a within subject design employing latin square and
      counterbalanced presentation. Consistent with predictions, as traction force
      increased the group mean EMG showed a statistically significant increase. A brief
      survey using force platform measurements indicated that trained physical
      therapists tended to apply equal or greater forces than the 20 lb maximum used in
      the experiment.

PMID- 6824069
TI  - Descriptive analysis of static postural control in 4, 6, and 8 year old normal
      and motorically awkward children.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to analyze static postural control in 4, 6, and 8
      year old normally and slowly developing children using qualitative
      electromyographic (EMG) techniques. Fourteen normally developing and six
      motorically awkward children performed seven different static balance tasks;
      twelve different muscle groups were monitored electromyographically. Results
      indicated that average amplitude of EMG activity involved in static postural task
      performance decreased with increasing age for normally developing children.
      Motorically awkward children displayed greater amounts of muscular activity in
      task performance than did normal children of similar chronological ages. Muscle
      activity profiles of motorically awkward children were clearly unlike those of
      normally developing children. The suggestion is made that one of the important
      characteristics of neuromuscular development in normal children is a gradual
      refinement of both localization and level of muscle activity.

PMID- 6824068
TI  - Characteristics of the triceps brachii tendon reflex in man.
AB  - The quantitative characteristics of the triceps brachii tendon reflex have been
      investigated in nine healthy adults. Particular consideration was given to the
      normal latency and amplitude values in response to a standardized tendon
      percussion. The effects of Jendrassik maneuver, head position (tonic neck reflex
      influences) and elbow joint angle were also evaluated. The latency of the triceps
      brachii reflex (mean = 11.2 msec) under normal conditions was found to be
      substantially shorter than previously reported values for the monosynaptic
      response. These differences are apparently attributable to the different methods
      that have been used to elicit the reflex. The present results are shown to be
      quite compatible with the known conduction velocity properties of the radial
      nerve. The mean amplitude of the reflex (means = 1.6 mV) was shown to be
      significantly (p less than 0.05) influenced by head position and Jendrassik
      maneuver. The magnitude of these effects are interpreted with respect to the
      proportion of the motoneuron pool activated by Ia inputs. Their
      neurophysiological basis and clinical usefulness are also discussed briefly.

PMID- 6824066
TI  - Pathologic changes in 3-methylindole-induced equine bronchiolitis.
AB  - The pathologic features of bronchiolitis were studied in horses and ponies from
      30 minutes to 27 days after an oral dose of 3-methylindole (3MI). From 30 minutes
      to 3 hours, lesions were limited to nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara)
      cells, which lost apical caps and cytoplasmic granules and had dilated smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum (SER). At 12 hours, necrotic Clara cells were exfoliated;
      degeneration and necrosis were evident, in bronchiolar ciliated cells. Rare
      epithelial cells with hyperplastic SER appeared on the denuded basal lamina at 24
      hours. Inflammatory cells, epithelia, fibroblastlike cells, collagen, and debris
      occluded many bronchiolar lumens from 3 to 6 days. Reorganization resulted in a
      simple columnar bronchiolar epithelium with relatively normal ciliated cells and
      fewer fibroblastlike cells. However, mature Clara cells were rare at 27 days, and
      collagenous bands still divided bronchiolar lumens. Thus, 3MI toxicosis is a
      persistent model of equine bronchiolitis with many morphologic features of the
      spontaneous disease.

PMID- 6824071
TI  - Hepatic and renal metabolism of copper and zinc in the diabetic rat.
AB  - The influences of acute and chronic insulin-dependent diabetes on copper and zinc
      status of liver, kidney, and intestine were investigated in rats at 0-4 wk after
      streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The concentration and the tissue contents of
      copper in liver and kidney were significantly elevated by 1 wk after STZ
      injection and increased thereafter, attaining levels two- and fivefold higher,
      respectively, than controls by 4 wk. Increased concentrations of zinc were also
      present in liver and kidney at 7 and 2 days after treatment, respectively, but
      zinc accumulated to a lesser degree than copper. In contrast, the concentration
      of copper and zinc in duodenum from control and all STZ-diabetic groups were
      similar. Increased and decreased quantities of copper and zinc were bound to
      metallothionein (MT) in liver and kidney, respectively, within 2 days after STZ
      injection. Thereafter, the quantities of both metals associated with MT increased
      with time in both tissues. Additional changes in zinc distribution in hepatic
      cytosol occurred prior to significant increases in the concentration of this
      metal in the tissue. The potential significance of altered trace metal metabolism
      during short-term changes in endocrine status and adverse effects of heavy metal
      accumulation during chronic hormonal imbalance are discussed.

PMID- 6824067
TI  - Evidence for an adenoma-carcinoma sequence in dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasms
      of rat intestinal epithelium.
AB  - Carcinogen-induced primary intestinal adenocarcinomas serve as a useful animal
      model for human colonic adenocarcinomas. Although striking similarities between
      this model and the human disease state exist, there are also troublesome
      discrepancies-a major one being the reported lack of an adenoma-carcinoma
      sequence in the experimental model. However, the original morphologic
      descriptions of these experimental neoplasms predated the development of
      presently accepted morphologic criteria that have been used to describe the
      adenoma-carcinoma sequence in humans. Therefore, the authors reevaluated the
      structural evolution of dimethylhydrazine-induced rat intestinal neoplasms, using
      the same criteria that were recently applied to evaluate human colonic
      adenocarcinomas. Such an approach shows that many dimethylhydrazine-induced
      intestinal adenocarcinomas have peripheral foci of adenomatous epithelium
      associated with them. In addition, the frequency of this association correlates
      inversely (P less than .001) with the depth of invasion. These findings are
      comparable to those which, in humans, have been used as evidence supporting the
      adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Thus, when assessed with equivalent criteria,
      dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal adenocarcinomas appear to be similar, not
      dissimilar, to human colonic adenocarcinomas in their structural evolution. These
      data suggest that, at least in part, dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal
      adenocarcinomas arise in foci of preexisting adenomatous epithelium.

PMID- 6824072
TI  - Zinc, iron, and copper absorption in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.
AB  - Altered tissue levels of trace metals have been reported in streptozotocin
      diabetic (STZ) rats. To determine whether increased hepatic and renal levels of
      Cu and Zn were associated with enhanced intestinal absorption, trace metal
      absorption was studied in control (C) and STZ rats using dietary balance and in
      situ ligated-loop techniques. The apparent daily absorption of dietary Zn and Cu
      per 100 g body wt was threefold higher in STZ than C rats. In comparison, dietary
      Fe absorption per day was not altered. Increased Zn absorption was closely
      correlated with diabetes-associated polyphagia. The initial rate of injected 65Zn
      excretion was more rapid in STZ rats, although the rate of excretion beyond day 7
      was similar from C and STZ animals. The quantity of Zn, Fe, and Cu absorbed per
      20 cm duodenal loop was similar for C and STZ rats. Zn, Fe, and Cu absorption per
      gram dry mucosa were reduced 45-53% in STZ rats due to the 50% increase in
      mucosal mass. Moreover, the quantity of radioisotopes accumulated per gram dry
      mucosa and the concentration of metallothionein per gram mucosal cytosol protein
      were similar in C and STZ animals. Together, these data demonstrate that
      increased absorption of dietary Zn and Cu is in part responsible for accumulation
      of these elements in STZ tissues and suggest altered metal transport at the
      luminal (brush border) surface of the intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 6824073
TI  - Sites of action of testosterone and estradiol on longitudinal bone growth.
AB  - In this study the mechanisms by which sex steroids influence body growth were
      investigated. The effect of different doses of testosterone propionate on
      longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain was studied in a) gonadectomized
      male rats, b) gonadohypophysectomized male rats, and c) gonadohypophysectomized
      male rats given replacement therapy with bovine growth hormone (bGH). The effect
      of different doses of estradiol benzoate on the same growth parameters was
      studied in female rats divided into the same experimental groups as the males.
      Accumulated longitudinal bone growth was determined using oxytetracycline as an
      intravital marker. Testosterone caused a dose-dependent increase in longitudinal
      bone growth in gonadectomized male rats. In contrast, testosterone exerted no
      significant increase in longitudinal bone growth in gonadohypophysectomized male
      rats with and without bGH replacement therapy. Treatment with estrogen inhibited
      longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain. The inhibitory effect of estradiol
      was approximately the same in gonadohypophysectomized female rats given bGH
      replacement therapy as in gonadectomized female rats. The results suggest that
      testosterone exerts its stimulatory effect on body growth mainly by modulating
      hypothalamopituitary functions, e.g., by altering the secretory pattern of GH. On
      the other hand, it seems that changes in the hypothalamopituitary functions are
      less significant for the inhibitory effect of estradiol on body growth. It is
      concluded from this study that the sites of action for estrogen and testosterone
      in modulating body growth in the rat are different.

PMID- 6824074
TI  - Metabolism of apoprotein B in cynomolgus monkey: evidence for independent
      production of low-density lipoprotein apoprotein B.
AB  - The catabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein apoprotein B and its conversion to
      low-density lipoprotein was studied in five chow-fed cynomolgus monkeys following
      injection of radioiodinated homologous very-low-density lipoproteins. The mean
      (+/- SD) fractional catabolic rate of very-low-density lipoprotein apoprotein B
      was 0.97 +/- 0.20 h-1 and the mean (+/- SD) production rate was 0.76 +/- 0.20 mg
      X kg-1 X h-1. The percent of conversion of very-low-density lipoprotein
      apoprotein B to low-density lipoprotein ranged from 33 to 59%. In separate
      studies of low-density lipoprotein apoprotein B turnover performed using
      homologous radiolabeled low-density lipoprotein in five additional animals, the
      mean (+/- SD) fractional catabolic rate for low-density lipoprotein apoprotein B
      was 0.050 +/- 0.017 h-1 and the mean (+/- SD) apoprotein B production rate was
      0.70 +/- 0.18 mg X kg-1 X h-1. Comparison of the total low-density lipoprotein
      apoprotein B production with that derived from very-low-density lipoprotein
      apoprotein B suggested that a large fraction of plasma low-density lipoprotein
      apoprotein B was derived from a source exclusive of circulating very-low-density
      lipoprotein apoprotein B. This was confirmed in two animals by simultaneous
      injection of radiolabeled very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins. Thus, a
      significant proportion of cynomolgus monkey low-density lipoproteins are produced
      either by direct hepatic secretion or by rapid conversion of lower-density
      lipoproteins before they appear in the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 6824077
TI  - Effect of phosphate deprivation on phosphate reabsorption in rat nephron: role of
      PTH.
AB  - The sites of enhanced phosphate (PO4) reabsorption after PO4 deprivation were
      investigated before and after infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in acutely
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Animals were fed either a control PO4 diet (1.6%
      P) or a low PO4 diet (0.025% P) for 2 days or 7-10 days. In control rats, PTH
      decreased PO4 reabsorption in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal
      convolution. PO4 reabsorption in the proximal tubule was enhanced after 2 days of
      PO4 deprivation. In this group, proximal PO4 reabsorption was decreased by PTH
      but remained greater than in control rats (70 +/- 6 vs. 45 +/- 6 pmol/min; P less
      than 0.025). After PTH, PO4 reabsorption increased in the loop of Henle from 3 +/
      0.5 to 13 +/- 2 pmol/min (P less than 0.005), whereas it was unaltered in the
      distal convolution in PO4-deprived rats. PTH markedly increased fractional
      excretion of PO4 in control rats but not in PO4-deprived rats. After prolonged
      PO4 deprivation, PO4 reabsorption along the nephron was unaltered by PTH. These
      results demonstrate that acute PO4 deprivation enhances PO4 reabsorption in the
      proximal tubule, although the phosphaturic effect of PTH in this segment is not
      abolished. Resistance to the inhibitory effect of PTH on PO4 reabsorption in some
      portion of the loop of Henle and possibly also in the distal convolution accounts
      for the absence of a significant phosphaturic effect of the hormone in acutely
      PO4-deprived rats. Prolongation of PO4 deprivation results in unresponsiveness to
      PTH extending to the proximal tubule.

PMID- 6824075
TI  - Increased levels of erythropoietin in kidney extracts of rats treated with cobalt
      and hypoxia.

PMID- 6824076
TI  - Nephron site of effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on solute
      excretion in humans.
AB  - Indomethacin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease
      solute excretion when administered acutely to normal subjects. We performed
      clearance studies during water loading of 10 normal volunteers and during
      hydropenia in eight additional subjects to determine the nephron site of this
      effect using indomethacin and carprofen as inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG)
      synthesis. Their administration decreased fractional excretion of sodium,
      chloride, and volume. During water loading, fractional clearance of free water
      decreased from 0.13 +/- 0.04 during the control study to 0.09 +/- 0.03 and 0.06
      +/- 0.02 with indomethacin and carprofen, respectively. However, fractional
      delivery of solute to the dilution segment decreased in parallel such that free
      water clearance corrected for delivery did not change with either drug. In
      humans, therefore, the decrement in solute excretion that occurs with
      administration of NSAIDs occurs prior to the diluting segment. During hydropenia,
      free water reabsorption relative to osmolar clearance increased (P less than
      0.01). In both studies, neither the marker of renal perfusion or of proximal
      nephron function changed with inhibition of PG synthesis. The data indicate that
      at the tubular level, NSAIDs increase solute reabsorption at the medullary
      segment of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Therefore, a
      physiologic role of renal prostaglandins at this nephron site is implied.

PMID- 6824078
TI  - Hypertaurinuria in the C57BL/6J mouse: altered transport at the renal basolateral
      membrane.
AB  - The C57BL/6J mouse is an inbred strain with selective hypertaurinuria. C3H/HeJ
      mice (control) and C57BL/6J mice have comparable values for plasma taurine and
      renal creatinine clearance but significantly different fractional taurine
      excretion: C3H mice, 0.15 +/- 0.03; C57BL mice, 0.44 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.01).
      C57BL mice fed control diet have significantly higher renal cortex taurine (11.5
      +/- 0.4 mumol/g wet wt, mean +/- SE) relative to C3H mice (10.5 +/- 0.5 mumol/g,
      P less than 0.05); the difference is magnified when mice are fed low protein or
      low sulfur amino acid diet and experience renal adaptation with enhanced taurine
      transport at the luminal membrane (P less than 0.01). Taurine transport by
      purified brush border membrane vesicles is similar in the two strains fed control
      diet. On the other hand, renal cortex slices show the following differences: 1)
      net uptake of taurine at 0.11 mM is lower in C57BL slices at initial rates and at
      steady state; 2) the difference in uptake between strains is magnified in the
      presence of phlorizin, an inhibitor of taurine efflux; 3) efflux of taurine from
      preloaded slices is less per unit time in C57BL mice; and 4) uptake differences
      are specific for taurine. These findings are not accountable to differences in
      taurine oxidation, slice weight, or water spaces. They indicate that
      hypertaurinuria in the C57BL/6J strain is a function of decreased basolateral
      membrane permeability to taurine at physiologic concentrations.

PMID- 6824079
TI  - Stimulation by antidiuretic hormone of electrolyte tubular reabsorption in rat
      kidney.
AB  - The effects of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) on renal excretion and
      tubular transport of water and electrolytes were investigated in homozygous DI
      Brattleboro rats. To ascertain these effects on the loop of Henle, circulating
      glucagon, parathyroid hormone, and thyrocalcitonin were reduced before the
      experiments, as these hormones are believed to stimulate the same cells of the
      thick ascending limb as ADH. dDAVP did not alter either glomerular or proximal
      tubular functions. In the loop, it consistently raised reabsorption of Mg, Ca, K,
      and, to a lesser extent, Na and Cl, but phosphate transport was not affected.
      dDAVP lowered the urinary excretion rates for Mg, Ca, K, Cl, and total solutes.
      For Mg, this reduction was independent of the drop in the urinary flow rate
      following dDAVP administration but was significantly correlated to this drop in
      the case of Ca, K, Cl, and total solutes. Na and P excretions were not altered by
      dDAVP. It is concluded that, in vivo, administration of ADH 1) stimulates
      reabsorption of Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, and K by the thick ascending limb, 2)
      consistently enhances Mg reabsorption by the whole kidney by enhancing
      reabsorption in the loop of Henle, and 3) at maximal antidiuresis, raises Ca, K,
      Cl, and total solute reabsorption, probably because of the drop in tubular flow
      rates in the distal parts of the nephron consequent to the hormone
      administration.

PMID- 6824080
TI  - Mechanism of diuresis following acute modest hyperglycemia in the rat.
AB  - In paired micropuncture studies in the Munich-Wistar rat we examined the
      mechanism of diuresis after acute induction of modest hyperglycemia (430-460
      mg/dl) in the absence of an increase in total body water. The major reasons for
      the diuresis were an increase in nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) (from 30.3 +/-
      1.8 to 35.3 +/- 1.6 nl/min) and a reduction in absolute proximal reabsorption
      (APR) (from 14.0 +/- 0.6 to 9.8 +/- 1.2 nl/min). All determinants of SNGFR were
      measured and a reduction in systemic oncotic pressure was the sole reason for the
      increase in SNGFR; vascular resistances did not change. Late proximal tubular
      fluid-to-plasma glucose concentration ratio was 0.96 +/- 0.04; therefore, the
      osmotic effects of unreabsorbed glucose could not account for the reduction in
      APR. Directly measured net renal interstitial pressure increased by 5 mmHg and
      the peritubular capillary effective reabsorptive pressure decreased (from 15.5 to
      10.9 mmHg) in direct proportion to the reduction in APR, changes that could
      contribute to the reduction in APR. Equal elevations in glucose concentration in
      tubule and plasma may have also eliminated effective osmotic pressure gradients
      for water movement and influenced APR. As a result of increases in late proximal
      tubular flow rate, loop of Henle tubular reabsorption and absolute tubular
      reabsorption beyond the distal tubule both increased with hyperglycemia. The
      major reduction in APR was secondary to altered "physical factors" and osmotic
      effects of glucose that are not dependent on creation of unfavorable chemical
      gradients for Na+ reabsorption.

PMID- 6824081
TI  - Correction of acute chloride-depletion alkalosis in the rat without volume
      expansion.

PMID- 6824083
TI  - Effect of iron stores on hepatic metabolism of transferrin-bound iron.
AB  - Hepatic and splenic accumulation and hepatic subcellular distribution of iron
      from a tracer dose of purified 59Fe-labeled transferrin were studied in normal,
      iron-deficient, iron-loaded, and pregnant rats. Hepatic and splenic 59Fe content
      was determined at varying intervals and the subcellular distribution then
      studied. In normal rats hepatic accumulation of 59Fe was biphasic with 9-10% of
      the dose present in the liver in the first 2 h postinjection, followed by a
      plateau of 4 h and a second rise to 20-25% at 16-18 h. During iron deficiency, 5
      6% of the dose accumulated in the liver in 2 h and remained at this level. Iron
      loading resulted in a rapid accumulation of 17% of the dose at 6 h, and the
      normal plateau was absent. Splenic iron accumulation was similar in the normal
      and iron-loaded groups with approximately 3% of the dose present in the spleen
      over the 7-day study. Iron deficiency resulted in a threefold increase in splenic
      iron content to 10% of the dose at 1 h postinjection. Hepatic and splenic iron
      accumulation was markedly depressed in the pregnant group. Subcellular
      distribution studies showed that the 59Fe moved rapidly into ferritin in all
      groups and was not at any time associated with either lysosomes or mitochondria.
      These studies present further physiological data of the effects of differing iron
      states on hepatic and splenic iron accumulation.

PMID- 6824084
TI  - Acute respiratory alkalosis and acidosis and rabbit intestinal ion transport in
      vivo.
AB  - The effects of acute respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on electrolyte transport
      in the rabbit ileum, colon, and gallbladder were studied. During in situ
      perfusion, anesthetized animals were ventilated with 0, 3, or 8% CO2 gas,
      creating states of alkalosis (pH 7.49 +/- 0.01, PCO2 = 27.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg, HCO3 =
      21.7 mM), normocapnia (pH 7.38 +/- 0.02, PCO2 = 41.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg, HCO3 = 25.9 +/
      0.4 mM), and acidosis (pH 7.21 +/- 0.01, PCO2 = 66.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg, HCO3 = 28.1
      +/- 0.8 mM). In the ileum alkalosis decreased the net absorption of water (-36%),
      sodium (-44%), and chloride (-27%), whereas acidosis had the opposite effect on
      water (+69%), sodium (+98%), and chloride (+32%) absorption and reduced
      bicarbonate secretion. Small changes in net potassium absorption occurred in the
      direction of water movement. There was no effect on the ileal transmural
      potential difference (PD). The colon and gallbladder did not respond to the acid
      base disorders with changes in electrolyte transport or PD. These results suggest
      that systemic pH and/or PCO2 affect an electroneutral sodium chloride absorptive
      process in the rabbit ileum. The simple presence of this absorptive process in
      the gallbladder was not a sufficient basis for this organ to respond to
      alterations in systemic pH.

PMID- 6824082
TI  - What is meant by the term "bile acid"?
AB  - The bile acids are a set of acidic steroids. Many conventional bile acids share a
      common derivation and have functional characteristics in common. Exceptions
      exist, however, to virtually all of the rules that can be applied to a definition
      of bile acids. The term is thus best applied to those steroids with a side chain
      at C-17, which contains a carboxylic acid group, and to acidic derivatives of
      such compounds. Naturally occurring bile acids are a more numerous and diverse
      group than has been generally recognized. The site of origin, synthetic pathways,
      metabolism, and bioactivity of recently recognized unconventional bile acids are
      under intensive investigation.

PMID- 6824085
TI  - Experimental diabetes and intestinal barriers to absorption.
AB  - The unstirred water layer (UWL) and the brush-border membrane represent the major
      barriers to intestinal absorption. Enhanced uptake of several nutrients has been
      described in diabetes mellitus, and this study was undertaken in the rat to
      define whether these absorptive changes are due to alterations in the
      characteristics of these barriers. Using in vitro techniques the effective
      resistance of UWL was measured with lauryl alcohol, the rate of uptake (Jd) of
      which is limited by diffusion across the UWL. At all rates of stirring of the
      bulk phase, the effective resistance of UWL was less in diabetic than control
      rats. The Jd of a homologous series of saturated fatty acids (4:0-18:0) and
      cholesterol was higher than disks of intestine of diabetic than control
      intestine; this enhanced uptake of lipid could not be demonstrated using
      intestinal biopsies. The change in incremental free energy of transfer of fatty
      acid uptake into disks was higher in diabetic than control animals after
      correction for UWL effects. After correction for UWL, the Michaelis constant for
      Jd of D-glucose was similar in diabetic and control jejunum, and the greater Jd
      of glucose in diabetics was due to a higher maximal transport rate (Jmd) and a
      higher passive permeability coefficient. It is concluded that the enhanced uptake
      of glucose, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and cholesterol into diabetic intestine
      is due to a reduction in the effective resistance of the UWL, an increase in the
      passive permeability properties of the membrane, and a rise in the Jmd for D
      glucose.

PMID- 6824086
TI  - Postprandial inhibition of canine enteric interdigestive myoelectric complex.
AB  - Our aim was to determine whether the passage of postprandial duodenal chyme into
      the jejunum activates jejunal feedback mechanisms that inhibit the interdigestive
      myoelectric complex (IMC) of the canine small bowel. In five conscious dogs with
      75-cm Vella loops of proximal jejunum and recording electrodes on the duodenum
      and the loop, intestinal myoelectric activity was recorded for approximately 4 h
      during fasting. The dogs were then given either a 200-g liver meal orally or they
      underwent perfusion of the jejunal loop with postprandial duodenal chyme
      collected from a donor dog given an identical liver meal. Before feeding, IMCs
      occurred at mean intervals of 126 +/- 16 (SE) min in the duodenum and 88 +/- 10
      min in the loop. Feeding by mouth completely inhibited the IMCs in the duodenum
      but failed to inhibit the IMCs in the loop. However, perfusion of the jejunal
      loop with duodenal chyme suppressed the IMCs in both the loop and the duodenum.
      We concluded that postprandial inhibition of duodenal IMCs is mediated in part by
      neural and/or hormonal factors activated by chyme in the jejunum, whereas local
      factors inhibit jejunal IMCs. An enteric phase of postprandial IMC inhibition is
      postulated.

PMID- 6824087
TI  - Development of sensitivity to different secretagogues in the rat stomach.
AB  - Acid and pepsin secretion and gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity
      were measured in rats of various ages between 5 and 40 days after injection of
      saline, pentagastrin, histamine, or carbachol. Basal acid secretion first
      appeared on day 15. At this time carbachol significantly stimulated both acid and
      pepsin secretion. Gastrin and histamine did not stimulate acid or pepsin
      secretion until day 20. Histidine decarboxylase activity first appeared on day 10
      and was first increased by pentagastrin on day 18. Injection of 8-day-old rats
      with corticosterone prematurely induced acid secretion on day 12 in response to
      all three stimulants and pepsin secretion in response to carbachol only. These
      studies provide a comprehensive picture of the development of gastric mucosal
      sensitivity to the three naturally occurring stimulants and indicate that adrenal
      glucocorticoids play an important role in that development.

PMID- 6824088
TI  - Morphology and electrophysiology of guinea pig gastric mucosal repair in vitro.
AB  - Guinea pig gastric mucosae stripped of their outer muscle layers were studied in
      Ussing chambers for up to 14 h. Ten minutes after the mucosae were mounted in the
      chamber, the electrical parameters were low but continued to rise over 90 min
      until steady-state potential difference (PD), resistance (R), and short-circuit
      current (Isc) were recorded. Morphological analysis during the first 10 min of
      the tissue in the chamber revealed gaps in the epithelium due to damaged cells.
      However, tissues examined after 20 min in the chamber showed little evidence of
      epithelial discontinuity. Thereafter, the initial rise in the electrical
      parameters was noted. After steady-state attainment, the lumen was exposed to
      1.25 M NaCl for 5 min and then changed back to 150 mM NaCl. Ten minutes after
      washout and return to control solutions, the PD, R, and Isc had fallen to low
      values. At 30 min after washout of the NaCl, the PD, R, and Isc began to increase
      and after 2 h were back to control values. Morphological analysis of mucosae
      fixed up to 10 min after exposure to 1.25 M NaCl showed extensive damage and
      exfoliation of surface cells. However, by 30 min the epithelium was restored and
      had very few discontinuities, which was then followed by the return of the
      electrical parameters. The conclusions from these studies are 1) guinea pig
      gastric mucosae exposed to hypertonic NaCl on the luminal side will primarily
      result in surface epithelial cell destruction with an immediate drop in the
      transepithelial electrical values; 2) after return to isotonic saline the damaged
      mucosa can repair itself within minutes, which then allows the reestablishment of
      the transepithelial electrical parameters by 2 h; and 3) the good viability and
      reproducibility of this preparation present a suitable mammalian model system for
      the study of factors of mucosal repair.

PMID- 6824089
TI  - Copper transport kinetics by isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Uptake and efflux of 64Cu were examined to determine whether hepatic parenchymal
      cells exhibit the kinetic criteria of a specific transport system for copper and
      related trace metals. Saturation kinetics were clearly indicated by both v versus
      [Cu] and 1/v versus 1/[Cu] plots (Km = 11 +/- 0.6 microM and Vmax = 2.7 nmol Cu X
      min-1 X mg prot-1). Identical results were obtained by cold-copper analyses, and
      contributions from simple diffusion or nonspecific binding were not detected.
      Virtually all of the accumulated 64Cu was intracellular by 0.5 min (the initial
      velocity period), with approximately 40% in the cytosolic fraction. Several
      related trace metals inhibited 64Cu uptake, but Ni(II) at a 10:1 molar excess did
      not. Zn(II) acted as a simple competitive inhibitor of 64Cu uptake (Ki = 16
      microM). Efflux from preloaded cells was biphasic, with an initial rapid phase of
      approximately 5 min. Approximately 35% of preloaded 64Cu was transported out of
      the cells by 40 min, and little efflux occurred thereafter. Thus, hepatocytes
      exhibit saturation kinetics, competition by related substrates, and
      countertransport criteria of specific facilitated transport. A wide variety of
      metabolic inhibitors have no effect on 64Cu uptake under the same conditions that
      inhibit the active transport of bile acids. Specific inhibitor tests for
      electrogenic coupling were also negative. Because the identical kinetic
      parameters were obtained for free 64Cu and the 1:1 64Cu-histidine complex, it is
      inferred that copper is probably transported as the free ion. Cells incubated
      with greater than or equal to 10 microM 64Cu showed a net loss of copper after 40
      to 60-min incubation, which may involve specific hepatic mechanisms in copper
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6824091
TI  - Heart rate-independent energetics and systolic pressure-volume area in dog heart.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure-volume area (PVA), a new measure of total
      mechanical energy for the contraction, linearly correlates with its oxygen
      consumption per beat (VO2) regardless of contraction mode in a canine heart with
      stable chronotropism and inotropism. PVA is the area in the pressure-volume (PV)
      diagram circumscribed by the end-systolic and end-diastolic PV relation curves
      and the systolic segment of the PV loop and has dimensions of energy. We
      investigated whether primary changes in heart rate would affect the VO2-PVA
      relation. In the excised cross-circulated canine heart with left ventricular load
      controlled with a servo pump, we changed heart rate by pacing to compare the VO2
      PVA relations at low [124 +/- 17 (SD) min-1] and high (193 +/- 23) heart rates.
      In 15 left ventricles, VO2 (ml O2 X beat-1 X 100 g LV-1) was (1.75 +/- 0.57) X
      10(-5) PVA (mmHg X ml X beat-1 X 100 g LV-1) + 0.031 +/- 0.011 (ml O2 X beat-1 X
      100 g LV-1). The VO2-PVA relation was virtually independent of heart rate in
      individual hearts. We conclude that the load-independent VO2-PVA relationship is
      not affected by chronotropism in a given canine left ventricle.

PMID- 6824090
TI  - Local auxotonic systolic force and work in canine right ventricular free wall.
AB  - Regional auxotonic force (F) and segment length (SL) were measured in the right
      ventricular (RV) free wall of 10 anesthetized dogs. F was obtained with a Feigl
      force gauge and SL with ultrasonic crystals positioned in the inflow or outflow
      region and in the longitudinal or transverse direction. Although the time courses
      of right ventricular pressure and force were almost identical, the timing of
      right ventricular ejection had little relationship to specific parts of the force
      segment-length loop. Thus local F vs. SL loops were of irregular form signifying
      local lengthening or shortening in isovolumic periods. Local work, i.e., F vs. SL
      loop area, increased linearly with cardiac output (CO), which was varied by
      volume expansion or reduction. A predominant contribution to total RV work from
      any particular region and direction was not observed. A "local contribution
      factor" [eta, defined as (local work/local area)/(total RV work/free wall area)]
      fell with increased CO from 2.1 +/- 0.5 at 1.1 l/min to 0.7 +/- 0.2 at 4.8 l/min.
      This observation suggests that transformation of local into total work became
      more efficient at higher CO or that structures other than the free wall became
      increasingly important for RV pump function at higher output levels.

PMID- 6824092
TI  - Abolition of digitalis tachyarrhythmias by caffeine.
AB  - Digitalis-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTAs) are believed to be due to
      oscillatory afterpotentials (OAPs) generated by an oscillatory release of calcium
      from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Caffeine blocks the calcium uptake into the
      SR and then may influence VTAs by depleting the SR stores of calcium. We studied
      the action of digitalis and caffeine, singly and in combination, in the isolated
      guinea pig heart perfused by means of a modified Langendorff apparatus. Digitalis
      (beta-methyldigoxin 1.27 X 10(-6) M) caused VTAs and ventricular fibrillation
      (VF) in all the hearts. Caffeine alone decreased heart rate but never caused
      VTAs. With the administration of digitalis and caffeine (1 mM), VTAs rarely
      developed and VF never occurs. With digitalis and higher concentration of
      caffeine (10 mM), neither VTAs nor VF were observed. In hearts with complete
      atrioventricular block, digitalis increased the ventricular rate from 143 +/- 10
      to 270 +/- 13 beats/min (n = 8) in 12 +/- 1.9 min and provoked the appearance of
      multiple ventricular pacemakers. The addition of 10 mM caffeine to the digitalis
      containing solution reduced the ventricular rate to 171 +/- 12 beats/min (P less
      than 0.001 vs. digitalis alone, not significant vs. control, n = 8) and abolished
      the digitalis-induced multiple pacemakers. Ventricular asystole was occasionally
      observed during the perfusion with digitalis + 10 mM caffeine. Caffeine alone did
      not modify the diastolic pressure, whereas caffeine and digitalis rapidly
      increase it. These results represent indirect evidence to support that SR plays
      an important role in the origin of the digitalis-induced VTAs.

PMID- 6824093
TI  - Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on neural regulation of the canine sinus node.
AB  - The direct effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the sinus node and its
      neural regulation were studied by selective perfusion of the sinus node artery
      (SNA) in 26 open-chest pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. GABA (1-1,000
      micrograms/ml, 2 ml, SNA) produced no direct effect on intrinsic sinus rate, but
      in several experiments (at 1 microgram/ml) it produced an inconsistent
      augmentation of the sinus tachycardia due to right stellate stimulation. At all
      other concentrations tested (10-1,000 micrograms/ml), GABA did not significantly
      alter the sinus node response to stellate stimulation. Local alpha-receptor
      blockade with phentolamine or muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine through
      the SNA prior to the perfusion of GABA did not change the sinus node responses.
      GABA (10-1,000 micrograms/ml, 2 ml, SNA) significantly attenuated (by 45-80% of
      control) the sinus bradycardia due to stimulation of the right vagosympathetic
      trunk. The sinus node response to selective perfusion of norepinephrine or
      acetylcholine (0.01 micrograms/ml, 2 ml, SNA) was not affected by GABA. The
      stellate augmentation (when present) and vagal attenuation were both antagonized
      by perfusion of picrotoxin (1,000 micrograms/ml, 2 ml, SNA). It is concluded that
      GABA does not exert any direct effect on the sinus node but may indirectly
      influence sinus rate by an effect on local nerves or ganglia.

PMID- 6824094
TI  - Effects of dipyridamole on postischemic vasodilation and extracellular adenosine.
AB  - Postischemic vasodilation (PIVD) was studied in pump-perfused dog gracilis
      muscles. The hemodynamic responses to 1, 3, and 5 min of ischemia were evaluated
      in the presence and absence of intraarterial infusions of dipyridamole in
      concentrations that inhibit cellular transport of adenosine. Dipyridamole
      infusion produced concentration-dependent reductions in vascular resistance and
      increased the time for 50% recovery (t0.5) in vascular resistance by 39%
      following 5 min of ischemia. The t0.5 for PIVD was unaffected by dipyridamole
      following 1 and 3 min of ischemia. Dipyridamole elevated tissue adenosine content
      two- to three-fold at 1, 3, and 5 min of ischemia compared with saline controls.
      Intra-arterial infusions of adenosine deaminase along with dipyridamole
      completely prevented the dipyridamole-induced increase in tissue adenosine,
      demonstrating that dipyridamole increases extracellular adenosine during muscle
      ischemia. The significance of these findings is analyzed using a two-compartment
      model for the distribution of adenosine. The data indicate that a severalfold
      increase in interstitial adenosine content does not alter PIVD and that the
      hemodynamic effects of dipyridamole following 5 min of ischemia may be due to
      some mechanism other than enhanced accumulation of adenosine.

PMID- 6824095
TI  - Tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites during ischemia in isolated perfused rat
      heart.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts were, after a retrograde perfusion by the Langendorff
      procedure, rendered ischemic by lowering the aortic pressure to zero. The rate of
      proteolysis and temporal patterns of the changes in the concentrations of the
      metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, related amino acids, ammonia, and
      breakdown products of the adenine nucleotides were determined. The most
      significant change in the amino acid metabolism was a decrease of the proteolysis
      to one-tenth and a large accumulation of alanine, which was almost stoichiometric
      to the degradation of aspartate plus asparagine. The accumulation of malate and
      succinate was small compared with the metabolic net fluxes of aspartate and
      alanine. The metabolic balance sheet suggests that aspartate was converted to
      alanine. A prerequisite for this would be a feed in of carbon of aspartate to the
      tricarboxylic acid cycle as oxalacetate, reversal of the malate dehydrogenase,
      and production of pyruvate by the malic enzyme reaction. Alanine accumulating
      during ischemia is not glycolytic in origin but occurs through a concerted
      operation of anaplerotic reactions and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite
      disposal. The data also suggest that the potentially energy-yielding reduction of
      fumarate to succinate is not significant in the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 6824096
TI  - Cardiac response of the fetal rat to carbon monoxide exposure.
AB  - Groups of pregnant rats were exposed to 200, 166, and 157 ppm CO for the last 17
      out of 22 days of gestation. The number of fetuses per dam or live young per
      litter were unaffected. Neonatal red blood cell count was depressed, whereas mean
      corpuscular hemoglobin and volume were elevated. Birth weight was reduced; heart
      weight, heart weight-to-body weight ratio, placental weight, and placental weight
      to-body weight ratio were elevated. Identical results were obtained in studies of
      fetuses examined daily during the final 4 days of gestation at 200 ppm.
      Cardiomegaly present at birth was not due to elevated myocardial water content,
      as dry heart weight and wet heart weight increased proportionately. Heart DNA
      content (microgram) was increased at both 157 and 200 ppm CO in neonates and
      fetuses, whereas DNA concentration (microgram/mg dry wt) was similar to the
      controls. Cardiac hydroxyproline concentration (microgram/mg dry wt) and content
      (microgram) were unaffected in neonates by fetal CO exposure at 157 and 200 ppm,
      although the hydroxyproline content was elevated in fetuses at 157 ppm CO.
      Cardiac lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) M subunit composition was elevated from 4
      days before birth, until birth, at 200 ppm CO, whereas total LDH activity was
      unchanged. Although neonatal myocardial cytochrome c was unaltered by fetal CO
      exposure, myoglobin concentration (mg/g) and content (mg) were elevated.
      Prolonged maternal CO inhalation thus exerts significant effects on fetal body
      and placental weight, heart weight, enzyme constituents, and composition.

PMID- 6824098
TI  - Chronic local infusion into the renal artery of unrestrained rats.
AB  - A method is described for providing chronic access to the right renal artery of
      unrestrained rats. It consists of insertion of a very thin (OD 0.2 mm) catheter
      into the right suprarenal artery of Wistar rats. The suprarenal artery originates
      from the right renal artery. After the cannula has been guided subcutaneously to
      the neck, it is connected to an Alzet osmotic minipump. The method has a success
      ratio of over 90% for periods up to 14 days. In the present study, we
      investigated the effects of catheter implantation on renal hemodynamics in
      uninephrectomized rats that were infused with saline for 2, 6, or 14 days. Values
      were compared with those obtained in control rats. Glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated from plasma
      clearances of 51Crethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 125I-p-aminohippuric acid,
      respectively. Mean arterial pressure was between 107 +/- 2 and 116 +/- 2 mmHg in
      all animals. Neither GFR nor ERPF was influenced by catheter implantation. It is
      concluded that the method does not interfere with renal function.

PMID- 6824097
TI  - Comparison of arterial wall mechanics using ring and cylindrical segments.
AB  - Thin rings and intact cylindrical segments of canine carotid and iliac arteries
      were used to determine wall mechanics. Measurements of force and length were
      obtained from the ring segments, whereas measurements of pressure and diameter
      were obtained from the cylindrical segments under conditions of active (147 mM
      K+) and passive smooth muscle (Ca2+ free and 2 mM ethyleneglycolbis (beta
      aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid). These measurements were normalized to
      values of segment stress and strain. Under passive conditions stress-strain
      relations for the rings appeared to be stiffer than those obtained using
      cylindrical segments. Pressure-diameter curves computed using force-length data
      from the rings were shifted to higher values of diameter compared with values
      from the intact segments at all pressure levels. Passive mechanics derived from
      measurements on ring segments yielded poor estimates of mechanics derived from
      intact segments. Despite this finding, values of active force development from
      the two sample geometries were similar. No statistically significant differences
      were found in values of maximum force development expressed in terms of sample
      cross-sectional area. Some differences in values of active force development at
      low values of muscle length were found. The latter were probably related to the
      differences in passive mechanics and the procedure used to normalize muscle
      length. Reasonable values of active force development can be obtained from ring
      segments.

PMID- 6824099
TI  - Invertebrate epithelial transport.

PMID- 6824102
TI  - Ionic distribution in dopamine-stimulated NaCl fluid-secreting cockroach salivary
      glands.
AB  - The compound, racemose, innervated salivary glands of the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana closely resemble in structure and function the mammalian salivary
      glands (C.R. House, Biol. Rev. 55: 417-473, 1980). The quantitative distribution
      of Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, P, and S was investigated in the P-cells secreting isotonic
      NaCl and in duct lumens by using electron probe X-ray microanalysis of frozen
      hydrated and frozen-dried cryosections. In the unstimulated glands in vitro the
      cells had (mmol/l cell-H2O) Na, 10; K, 110; Cl, 39 while the primary saliva had
      Na, 153; K, 4; Cl, 151. With 1 mumol dopamine in the bathing Ringer solution the
      P-cells had Na, 25; K, 177; Cl, 58 and the primary saliva, Na, 153; K, 26; Cl,
      172. During passage through the ducts, the primary saliva was modified by an
      absorption of NaCl: more in unstimulated than in stimulated glands. It is
      proposed that the cells have a Na-K-ATPase both in the apical and basal cell
      membrane, as in vertebrate choroid plexus, and dopamine might increase the K and
      Na conductance of the basal cell membrane.

PMID- 6824100
TI  - Mechanism and control of salt absorption in locust rectum.
AB  - The rectum is the main reabsorptive site in the excretory system of locusts. The
      primary urine entering this organ from the Malpighian tubules is rich in K+ (140
      mM) and Cl- (90 mM), and most of this fluid is normally reabsorbed. Fluid and
      active Cl- reabsorption in the rectum are regulated by neuropeptide hormones from
      the corpus cardiacum. We have studied the mechanism of KCl reabsorption using
      voltage clamp, tracers, double-barreled ion-sensitive microelectrodes, and ion
      substitutions. Locust Cl- absorption differs from vertebrate systems in that it
      is not dependent on Na+ or HCO-3/CO2, and it is insensitive to normal inhibitors
      of Cl- transport. Entry of Cl- into rectal cells is active, electrogenic, and
      stimulated by luminal K+. This cation substantially increases the electrochemical
      gradient across the apical membrane against which Cl- is pumped; therefore K+
      does not act solely and indirectly by electrical coupling. Kinetic studies also
      suggest that K+ activates the Cl- pump. Consequently at least two levels of
      control are exerted during cAMP stimulation; K+ permeability of the epithelium
      and the transepithelial potential generated by active Cl- transport both
      increase. The enhanced net K+ absorption from the lumen side after stimulation is
      largely passive, being electrically coupled to Cl- transport. However, this
      general increase in KCl absorption is "fine tuned" by K+ itself, through its
      direct effect on the Cl- pump.

PMID- 6824103
TI  - Water vapor absorption in insects.
AB  - In common with other animals the principal examples of water transport in insects
      are to be found in processing food and in excretion. Some insects and other
      arthropods are able to absorb water vapor using preexisting buccal or rectal
      structures. This unique exploitation of atmospheric water depends on adequate
      areas for condensing water vapor and the capacity for considerable "uphill" water
      transport. All known uptake mechanisms depend on producing fluids of sufficiently
      low water activity to bring about condensation from a range of environmental
      humidities. In the best-understood examples (mealworms and their relatives)
      active KCl transport by the Malpighian tubules generates osmotic pressures
      sufficient to extract water from activities down to 0.88. A standing gradient
      model seems to describe the coupling in the tubular lumen between water flows and
      ion transport. Low water permeabilities and ion transport modulated with flow
      rate are unusual features of this coupling.

PMID- 6824101
TI  - Electrophysiology of chloride transport in Aplysia (mollusk) intestine.
AB  - This investigation was principally undertaken to examine the mechanism of Cl-
      transport across the Aplysia californica intestinal epithelium. Previous results
      have shown: 1) the transmural potential difference (psi m leads to s) and the
      mucosal membrane potential difference (psi m) to be negative relative to the
      mucosal solution, 2) mucosal D-glucose hyperpolarized psi m leads to s and
      depolarized psi m, 3) mucosal D-glucose significantly increased intracellular Cl-
      activity (aiCl), however the electrochemical potential (-mu i) for intracellular
      Cl- was significantly less in both cases, than the -muCl in the mucosal solution,
      4) replacing Cl- in the bathing medium with SO-4(2) significantly reduced both
      psi m and psi m leads to s, and 5) the energy within the electrochemical
      potential difference for Na+ (delta -mu Na) directed from mucosa to cytosol was
      energetically adequate so that intracellular Cl- accumulation could occur. New
      results showed: 1) psi m and psi m leads to s to significantly hyperpolarize when
      Na+ was replaced with Tris+ in the bathing medium, 2) aiCl decreased from 13.9 +/
      0.5 to 9.1 +/- 0.3 mM when Na+ was replaced with Tris+ in the bathing medium.
      The intracellular -muCl, both in the presence and absence of Na+, was
      significantly less than -muCl in the mucosal medium. These results suggest that
      Na+ and Cl- transport across the mucosal membrane are not mechanistically coupled
      and that an active extrusion mechanism for Cl- exists in the lateral-serosal
      membrane of the surface epithelial cells of A. californica intestine.

PMID- 6824107
TI  - Role of venoconstriction in the cardiovascular responses of ducks to head
      immersion.
AB  - Central venous pressure of ducks rose from resting values of 0.31 +/- 0.16 (SE)
      to 1.75 +/- 0.20 kPa during forced head immersion. Because a similar increase in
      mean circulatory pressure (Pmc) was also observed (0.71 +/- 0.16 to 2.15 +/- 0.20
      kPa) the rise in central venous pressure was attributed to a venoconstrictor
      mechanism. When this venoconstrictor-induced rise in central venous pressure was
      prevented by graded withdrawal of venous blood, then immersion bradycardia was
      inhibited, and the reduced cardiac output associated with head immersion was
      largely the result of reduced stroke volume. When compared with normal dives,
      this intervention resulted in greater myocardial energy requirements, as assessed
      by the pressure-rate product. It is concluded that venoconstriction increases
      central venous pressure during head immersion. The increase in central venous
      pressure alters cardiac function through the Frank-Starling mechanism such that
      myocardial energy requirements are minimized during this period of low oxygen
      availability.

PMID- 6824106
TI  - Thermoregulatory heat production in cold-reared and warm-reared pigs.
AB  - Pigs were reared from 2 wk of age in either 10 or 35 degrees C and fed ad
      libitum. At 8 wk of age they were tested for the presence of regulatory
      nonshivering thermogenesis by administration of norepinephrine (NE) and
      propranolol. In addition, an electromyogram and carotid temperature, as well as a
      heat flow and skin temperature from one site, were monitored while the pigs were
      at ambient temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C. Cold-reared pigs
      showed a heightened response to NE in cold compared to thermally neutral
      environments. This was not observed in warm-reared pigs. Propranolol depressed O2
      consumption more in cold-reared than in warm-reared pigs. Pigs reared in the cold
      also showed a higher intensity of shivering, tissue conductance, and skin
      temperature than warm-reared littermates. The shivering response of cold-reared
      pigs was more sensitive to changes in skin temperature than in warm-reared pigs.

PMID- 6824104
TI  - Effect of hypercapnia and cerebral perfusion pressure on cerebrospinal fluid
      production in cat.
AB  - Brain ventricles of anesthetized cats were perfused with an artificial
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing inulin (or [14C]dextran) and 3H-labeled
      sucrose while each animal respired in turn either room air or an 8-11% CO2-in-air
      gas mixture. Perfusion inflow (Vi) and outflow (Vo) rates and concentrations of
      the test molecules were measured to calculate steady-state CSF production (Vf),
      CSF absorption (Va), and ependymal sucrose permeability (Ksuc). During
      respiratory acidosis Vf varied inversely as a function of normocapnic Vf, Ksuc
      increased, and Va was the same as during normocapnia. Vf increased with cerebral
      perfusion pressure (CPP) during normocapnia but was inversely related to it
      during hypercapnia. When a normocapnic animal's CPP is high in the range 70-105
      Torr, its Vf will also be high, but it will increase its Vf little or not at all
      during hypercapnia. In the same range, if its CPP is low, its Vf will also be
      low, but its Vf will increase predictably fourfold or more when it breathes CO2.
      CPP is an influential determinant of Vf at any level of acid-base balance,
      possibly due to variations in blood flow at CSF production sites.

PMID- 6824105
TI  - Effect of cervical vagal stimulation on chicken heart rate and atrioventricular
      conduction.
AB  - The effects of supramaximal stimulation of the right and left cervical vagi on
      heart rate, pacemaker localization, and atrioventricular (AV) conduction were
      investigated in 15 anesthetized open-chest chickens before and after atropine
      sulfate. Epicardial bipolar electrograms were recorded from selected atrial sites
      and right ventricle. A back lead electrocardiogram was also recorded. The effect
      of stimulation on atrioventricular conduction was evaluated during pacing from
      one of the right atrial recording sites. Supramaximal stimulation of either
      cervical vagus produced bradycardia but not cardiac arrest. Heart rate was
      reduced from an average spontaneous rate of 282 +/- 13 (SE)/min to 161 +/- 13/min
      with stimulation of the right and left cervical vagus. Pacemaker shifts occurred
      in over 50% of the vagal stimulations. The most frequent shift occurred to the
      lower AV node or ventricles. Pacemaker shifts to the AV junctional region
      producing almost simultaneous activation of the atria and ventricles were not
      observed. Vagal stimulation during atrial pacing produced minimal prolongation in
      AV conduction time [right vagus, 13 +/- 3 (SE) ms; left vagus, 8 +/- 2 ms].
      Second and third degree heart blocks were not observed during pacing. Vagal
      stimulation after atropine indicates that the cervical vagi do not contain
      sympathetic fibers going to pacemaker or AV conduction tissues.

PMID- 6824108
TI  - Genetic screening: implications for preventive medicine.

PMID- 6824109
TI  - Long-term follow-up is a problem.

PMID- 6824110
TI  - Current sickle cell screening program for newborns in New York City, 1979-1980.
AB  - The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law
      requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions
      including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been
      in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain
      repeat blood samples for definitive diagnosis and referral of diagnosed patients
      for ongoing medical care was established only in 1979. Of the 106,565 blood
      samples tested in New York City Newborn Screening Laboratory, March 1, 1979 to
      February 29, 1980, 141 infants were identified on repeat blood testing as having
      various forms of sickle cell disease (SS, SC and S beta-Thalassemia) and were
      referred for ongoing medical care. Data received on 131 patients from follow-up
      clinics revealed that the disease diagnosis made by the Newborn Screening
      Laboratory was confirmed in all patients. There were no deaths reported among the
      study patients (131 infants) followed for the period of 8-20 months despite the
      life-threatening complications among eight patients. Binomial distribution of the
      data on Black infants according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation showed reasonable
      agreement between the observed and computed incidence of various forms of sickle
      cell disease.

PMID- 6824112
TI  - Community surveillance of stroke in persons under 70 years old: contribution of
      uncontrolled hypertension.
AB  - In 1979, a community-wide hospital surveillance system was established in Monroe
      County, New York (population 702,000), to investigate the continuing contribution
      of uncontrolled high blood pressure (HBP) to the occurrence of stroke. This paper
      reports findings among 200 consecutive strokes in persons under 71 years of age.
      Average age was 58. There was a prestroke history of HBP in 129 (65 per cent)
      cases. Two-thirds of the 129 had other predisposing conditions (heart disease,
      diabetes, previous cerebrovascular accident) and 95 per cent had one or more
      other cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, elevated cholesterol, obesity). Over
      90 per cent had visited a physician during the year prior to stroke (average of
      four visits). Elevated pressures (DBP greater than or equal to 95 or SBP greater
      than or equal to 160) were recorded at half or more of the visits for 45 per cent
      of the patients; these cases were classified as uncontrolled. Reduction of
      "unnecessary" strokes in persons under age 71 should be achievable by giving
      increased attention to those already under medical care for hypertension who have
      co-existing stroke risk conditions and cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 6824113
TI  - Uses of the 1980 census for Hispanic health services research.
AB  - The 1980 Census data provide a valuable resource for health services research on
      Hispanics. Hispanics are the fastest growing minority group in the United States
      and yet there is a paucity of large-scale empirical research on their health care
      and access needs. This paper describes how the census can assist in: 1)
      estimating the overall health care needs of this group, 2) identifying target
      groups within the Hispanic population who may have special health care problems
      (e.g., children, elderly, pregnant women, etc.); and 3) using other data sources
      to improve the quality of studies carried out on Hispanics. It also discusses
      problems in using the census for Hispanic health services research and some
      strategies for dealing with these problems.

PMID- 6824111
TI  - Identifying and tracing a population at risk: the DESAD Project experience.
AB  - In recent years, medical record review has been used to alert patients who have
      received drugs or treatments that have newly discovered side-effects. The
      experience of the national cooperative Diethylstilbestrol-Adenosis (DESAD)
      Project in identifying and notifying women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol
      (DES) shows this to be a difficult task. In order to identify 4,830 exposed
      women, 221,245 charts were reviewed. Detailed tracing data for one of the centers
      participating in the DESAD Project indicated that only 85 per cent of the 690 DES
      exposed women identified at that center could be notified of exposure. The DESAD
      Project experience has led to recommendations for standardized prenatal records
      and drug lists, long-term storage of medical records, new legal guidelines, and
      improved recording of follow-up information, taking into account issues of
      privacy.

PMID- 6824114
TI  - On comparing studies of different Raza populations.

PMID- 6824115
TI  - The relationship between hip fracture and water fluoridation: an analysis of
      national data.
AB  - Data from the 1973-1977 National Health Interview Surveys were used to determine
      whether water fluoridation prevents hip fractures related to osteoporosis. No
      protective effect was found for fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the level recommended
      for the prevention of dental caries. There are some indications that higher
      concentrations of fluoride might have a protective effect for groups with a high
      incidence of osteoporosis. However, no determination of the actual levels needed
      or the possible adverse effects of high water fluoride levels could be made.

PMID- 6824116
TI  - Coitus-related cervical cancer risk factors: trends and differentials in racial
      and religious groups.
AB  - Data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 1965 and 1976 are
      presented which describe differences between women of different religious and
      racial groups with respect to the prevalence of primary marriage and use of
      barrier methods of contraception. These practices were significantly less likely
      among Black women and significantly more likely among Jewish women than among
      comparison groups, which is consistent with the hypothesis that cervical cancer
      risk is related to coital behaviors.

PMID- 6824117
TI  - Efficacy of single doses of mebendazole in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura
      infection.
AB  - Single doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg of mebendazole in the
      treatment of very light to heavy Trichuris infections all reduced egg output by
      over 80%. The egg reduction rates were not affected by increased dosages of
      mebendazole given in heavier infections. Lower cure rates were obtained in
      patients with heavier worm burdens despite increased dosages of mebendazole,
      probably as a result of the diarrhea which is frequently associated with heavy
      Trichuris infection. A single dose of 600 mg mebendazole in the treatment of very
      light to very heavy infections gave egg reduction and cure rates similar to those
      obtained with the recommended multiple-dose regime of 100 mg mebendazole twice a
      day for 3 consecutive days. The single-dose treatment of Trichuris infections
      with mebendazole is of considerable public health importance as this single dose
      regime is easy to administer, well-accepted, well tolerated, less expensive, and
      has a broad spectrum effect. The risk of erratic migration of Ascaris with single
      doses of mebendazole does not appear to exceed the risk in a multiple-dose
      regime.

PMID- 6824118
TI  - Sowda--onchocerciasis in north Yemen: a clinicopathologic study of 18 patients.
AB  - Sowda is an unusual form of onchocerciasis in Yemenites that differs from African
      onchocerciasis. Clinical and pathological studies were performed on 18 patients
      in Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). Biopsies of skin and lymph nodes were
      taken, and then processed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington,
      D.C. The most striking clinical features were swollen, darkened, pruritic,
      papular skin changes that were usually limited to one leg, more rarely to one
      arm, and large soft regional lymph nodes. Dermal changes were deeper and more
      diffuse than in African onchocerciasis, with many large fibroblasts and plasma
      cells. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were much rarer in skin from
      Yemenites with sowda. When patients were treated with diethylcarbamazine, the
      dermatitis became suddenly worse as the microfilariae degenerated and provoked
      acute inflammation. The dermatitis decreased after several days of treatment.
      Enlarged lymph nodes from sowda have shown follicular hyperplasia, in contrast to
      follicular atrophy and perivascular fibrosis that are characteristic of lymph
      nodes from cases of African onchocerciasis. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity
      may be more active in sowda than in African onchocerciasis.

PMID- 6824120
TI  - Original antigenic sin in dengue.
AB  - Sequential blood samples were obtained from eight Thai children before, during
      and 3-5 months after hospitalization for dengue shock syndrome. All patients
      experienced a secondary-type antibody response as evidenced by hemagglutination
      inhibition antibody responses in acute and convalescent sera. Dengue 2 viruses
      were recovered from two patients. In their pre-illness blood sample, all children
      had monotypic neutralizing antibodies; five to dengue 1, two to dengue 3 and one
      to dengue 4. The highest neutralizing antibody titers in acute phase and late
      convalescent sera were to the initial infecting virus type. This report documents
      for sequential dengue infections the existence of an original antigenic sin
      antibody response. It may be possible to apply this phenomenon to identify
      initial dengue serotype infection in individuals experiencing secondary dengue
      infections, thus helping to clarify the antecedents to dengue shock syndrome.

PMID- 6824119
TI  - Cryopreservation of the microfilariae of Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria corynodes,
      and Wuchereria bancrofti.
AB  - Methods are presented for the cryopreservation of a sheathed microfilaria, Brugia
      malayi, and an unsheathed species, Dirofilaria corynodes. The former survived
      best when frozen at the rate of -0.8 degree or -0.5 degree C per minute using 9%
      dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryopreservative. Approximately 52-79% of the
      thawed microfilariae developed to the third stage in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
      versus 79% of the unfrozen specimens. For D. corynodes the optimum freezing rate
      was -2 degrees or -5 degrees C per minute, and 6% DMSO combined with 0.004 M
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) afforded the best cryoprotective effect. The
      development of thawed microfilariae in mosquitoes ranged from 22-32% versus 29%
      for unfrozen specimens. In general, the viability of both species of microfilaria
      was retained best when stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). The entire
      life cycle of B. malayi was completed in the laboratory using cryopreserved
      microfilariae as the initial source. The cryopreservation of Wuchereria bancrofti
      also is discussed.

PMID- 6824121
TI  - Comparison of P388D1 mouse macrophage cell line and human monocytes for assay of
      dengue-2 infection-enhancing antibodies.
AB  - Tissue culture-adapted dengue 2 virus (DEN 2), strain 16681, exhibits antibody
      dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) in P388D1 cells, a mouse macrophage-like
      cell line. ADE is dependent upon maintaining DEN 2 multiplicity of infection at
      between 0.1 and 0.001, and can be simply measured in multi-well plastic plates.
      The assay uses either trypsinized or non-trypsinized P388D1 cells at 5 x 10(5)
      cells per ml, an appropriate dilution of DEN 2 virus, and a source of antibody,
      and is most conveniently performed without further washing of stationary
      cultures, which are incubated in 5% CO2. Trypsinization of P388D1 cells prior to
      the addition of virus-serum mixtures reduced infection in control cultures thus
      increasing ADE. When cells were washed after incubation of virus-serum mixtures
      for 1 hour, a paradoxical increase of infection in cultures exposed to virus plus
      normal serum was noted, which reduced the sensitivity of the ADE assay. Using
      human cord blood sera, ADE titers measured in human monocytes and P388D1 cells
      were closely similar. This convenient and economical assay will facilitate large
      scale biological and epidemiological studies of dengue virus enhancing
      antibodies.

PMID- 6824122
TI  - Persistence of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis serogroup) in north
      central Illinois.
AB  - La Crosse (LAC) virus was first isolated in Illinois from a pool of 50 female
      Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes collected in July 1976, in Peoria Heights. From 1978
      through 1981, 27 strains (11 from males and 16 from females) of LAC virus were
      recovered from 888 pools containing 22,021 adult A. triseriatus mosquitoes from
      the same study area. These mosquitoes had developed from larvae and pupae
      collected from 50 individually identified treeholes. Of the 14 trees that yielded
      LAC virus-positive mosquitoes, one was positive in 3 of 4 years and another was
      positive in all 4 years. The latter tree had minimum mosquito field infection
      rates (MFIR) ranging from 3.4 to 12.7/1,000. Eight (57%) of the trees with
      positive mosquitoes were red oak (Quercus rubra) while 10 (71%) were in the oak
      genus (Quercus). The four most productive treeholes accounted for 30% of
      mosquitoes tested and 52% of the LAC isolations. In 1979, 6,729 A. triseriatus
      mosquitoes were collected in man-baits and tested for virus. From 1,282 tested in
      259 pools (mean = 5), 13 LAC isolates were made, resulting in a field infection
      rate (FIR) of 11.4/1,000. The remaining 5,447 were tested in 218 pools (mean =
      25) and 48 strains of LAC were isolated for a FIR of 9.9/1,000. The relationship
      of these findings to the occurrence of human LAC encephalitis cases in Peoria
      County, Illinois is discussed. Repeated recovery of virus from this study area
      reflects a stable, yet dynamic, focus of LAC virus transmission.

PMID- 6824123
TI  - Insect repellent jacket tests against biting midges (diptera: Culicoides) in
      Panama.
AB  - Light-weight net jackets treated with N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) were field
      tested in Panama against five species of biting midges, principally Culicoides
      furens (Poey) and C. barbosai Wirth and Blanton. The deet-treated jacket provided
      87-93% protection. Time of day as well as season appeared to influence the
      proportionate numbers of species collected. The mean coefficient of protection
      was slightly lower during morning tests when C. barbosai was most abundant and
      higher during evening tests when C. furens was most abundant.

PMID- 6824124
TI  - Effect of host blood source on the gonotrophic cycle of Aedes triseriatus.
AB  - Host blood source was found to affect both the fecundity and the duration of te
      gonotrophic cycle of Aedes triseriatus. Mosquitoes were fed on restrained deer,
      chipmunks, squirrels, humans and suckling mice. Results showed that mosquitoes
      fed on chipmunks or squirrels, the major La Crosse virus vertebrate amplifier
      hosts, had greater fecundity but longer gonotrophic time intervals (approximately
      2 more days per ovarian cycle) than mosquitoes fed on deer, which is a non
      amplifier species. Results were similar for both first and second mosquito
      gonotrophic cycles. Application of these data to a model determining differential
      reproductive capacity showed a 24% reduction in the number of second cycle eggs
      laid by Ae. triseriatus taking the initial blood meal on amplifier species as
      compared to those taking the initial blood meal from deer. As only those
      uninfected mosquitoes that feed on an amplifier species have a chance of becoming
      orally infected and producing infected eggs, this reduced reproductive capacity
      reduces correspondingly the potential number of vertical infections that can be
      established during the amplification process.

PMID- 6824125
TI  - Characteristics of chloroquine binding to glass and plastic.
AB  - Chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline derivative that can be radically curative in the
      therapy of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, binds to glass to an extent
      which can seriously decrease the availability of the drug. Preparations of
      chloroquine in various solutions showed decreases in concentration of up to 40%
      in glass containers. Passage of solutions of chloroquine over columns of glass
      beads or glass wool decreased chloroquine concentrations by up to 70%.
      Chloroquine was found to bind extensively to cellulose acetate filters, but
      showed little binding to polycarbonate filters or to plastics of various types,
      including polycarbonate, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Human serum at
      concentrations from 5-50% inhibited the binding of chloroquine to glass.
      Equilibrium dialysis experiments indicated that human serum possesses a large
      number of binding sites for the drug; it is also possible that factors in the
      serum compete for drug-binding sites on glass. It is imperative for laboratory
      workers, especially those in the field, to recognize the significant reductions
      in chloroquine concentration which occur when the drug is prepared or stored in
      glass containers. Such reductions can alter the interpretation of chloroquine
      sensitivity studies and may lead to inaccurate reports of chloroquine resistance.

PMID- 6824126
TI  - Antibody-dependent phagocytosis of Trypanosoma rhodesiense by murine macrophages.
AB  - Murine resident peritoneal adherent cells bound and ingested Trypanosoma
      rhodesiense in the presence of specific rat or mouse antiserum. Serum which
      mediated this phenomenon was obtained as early as 3 days after mice were
      immunized with gamma-irradiated parasites, with peak levels of activity obtained
      on day 7. A second injection of gamma-irradiated trypanosomes resulted in a
      secondary elevation in activity. Fresh normal serum, as a source of complement,
      enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of otherwise suboptimal antiserum
      concentrations. P388D1 cells, which like peritoneal macrophages possess Fc and
      complement receptors, also bound trypanosomes in the presence of antiserum. This
      in vitro model reflects events that occur in vivo in hosts immunized against T.
      rhodesiense.

PMID- 6824127
TI  - Immunization of mice against Leishmania donovani by subcutaneous injections of
      dead promastigotes.
AB  - Mice immunized by a series of intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous
      injections of formalin-killed Leishmania donovani promastigotes with glucan, a
      beta 1, 3 polyglucose, exhibited a significant degree of resistance against
      subsequent infection with viable promastigotes. Intramuscular immunization was
      not effective. Immunization via subcutaneous injections of dead promastigotes
      simultaneously with glucan elicited protective resistance, positive skin test
      responsiveness before and after challenge and increased antipromastigote antibody
      levels. Injections of glucan alone induced a lesser degree of resistance against
      infection without significant skin test or humoral responsiveness. Injections of
      dead promastigotes alone elicited increased antibody levels but no skin test
      responsiveness or resistance against infection.

PMID- 6824128
TI  - Intestinal protozoan infection in a semicommunal group.
AB  - A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of protozoan parasites in a
      large semicommunal group in Los Angeles. Protozoan parasites were observed in 151
      (69%) of the 220 group members in the study. Parasites were observed in stool
      specimens from 105 (76%) of the 138 children and 46 (56%) of the 82 adults.
      Dientamoeba fragilis was observed in 115 (52%), Giardia lamblia in 50 (23%),
      Entamoeba histolytica in 9 (4%), and commensals in 61 (28%). Parasitic infection
      was infrequent in infants less than 1 year old, was demonstrated in 33 (89%) of
      the 2- to 4-year-olds, 69 (78%) of the 89 school age children 8-15 years of age,
      and in 46 (56%) of the 82 adults. G. lamblia was most prevalent in children
      younger than 6 years; whereas D. fragilis was common in all age groups. The fecal
      oral route was the most likely means for parasite transmission. Since the group
      at times serves meals to the public, spread of parasites outside the community is
      a potential public health problems. Diagnosis of parasitic infection is dependent
      on optimal stool collection, proper laboratory techniques and trained personnel.

PMID- 6824130
TI  - Pathology of a live attenuated anti-schistosome vaccine in mice.
AB  - Tissue responses of mice to intramuscular injection of 50 kR 60Co-attenuated
      schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were studied. Controls included injection of
      unattenuated schistosomula, medium alone, antigen-coated beads, and alum-adsorbed
      tetanus/diphtheria toxoids. Primary reactions to tissue-confined deposits of
      injected schistosomula, whether attenuated or not, were relatively intense and
      prolonged. Parasite attrition proceeded steadily, with most destroyed by the 7th
      day; however, a few intact organisms persisted up to 4 weeks. Cryopreservation
      did not alter the course of parasite attrition nor host reaction. Irradiated
      larvae were not found in lymph nodes, lungs, or liver. Neutrophils dominated the
      early reactions and were gradually replaced by mononuclear phagocytes, lymphoid
      cells, and eosinophils. Fibroblast proliferation and muscle regeneration began by
      day 3; reaction size and intensity peaked by day 7. From weeks 1-4, inflammatory
      infiltrates and regenerative proliferation underwent gradual involution, and
      injection sites were healed with no scarring by the end of 4-5 weeks. Mice primed
      by infection or by prior injection showed an accelerated course of inflammation,
      enhanced tissue eosinophilia, and more rapid healing. An unwanted, but prominent,
      feature of schistosomular vaccine reactions in mice was tracking of the
      inflammatory infiltrate along connective tissue septal and nerve sheaths, the
      latter raising the question of the pain potential of the vaccine. To conclude, in
      mice, attenuated schistosomular vaccines cause relatively marked local
      inflammatory responses but no systemic lesions at all, and their injection sites
      heal without permanent damage.

PMID- 6824129
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid factor in schistosomiasis and
      visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes, measured by the C1q binding and Raji cell
      radioimmunoassays, were detected in 16 of 25 (64%) patients with schistosomiasis
      alone, in all 13 patients (100%) with schistosomiasis infection associated with
      prolonged bacteremia by salmonella organisms, and in 15 of 18 (83%) patients with
      visceral leishmaniasis. The C3 levels in the serum of patients with
      schistosomiasis, with and without prolonged salmonella bacteremia, were
      significantly lower in those with renal disease. Further, in patients with
      schistosomiasis alone, the absence of renal involvement was positively associated
      with C1q binding within the normal range (P = 0.015) and the presence of IgM
      rheumatoid factor in serum (P = 0.04). In six of eight patients with visceral
      leishmaniasis treated with a pentavalent antimonial, there was a fall in Raji
      cell binding, suggesting indirectly that the parasitic antigen may be involved in
      the pathogenic immune complexes in serum.

PMID- 6824131
TI  - Effect of utilization review on surgical training with reference to the
      increasing importance of the ward service in this changing environment.

PMID- 6824132
TI  - Surgical treatment, skin test reactivity, and lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with inflammatory bowel disease were studied before and
      after bowel resection. Peripheral lymphocytes, T- and B-cell counts, and skin
      test reactivity to five recall antigens were determined before operation and 6 to
      18 months postoperatively. Twenty-eight patients (44 percent) were unable to
      react to any skin test initially. Anergic patients had significantly lower
      lymphocyte and T- and B-cell counts. There was no difference in age, severity or
      duration of disease, or amount of weight loss between anergic patients and those
      who responded. Also, there was no difference between patients with ulcerative
      colitis and those with Crohn's disease. After surgery, 25 previously anergic
      patients became able to react to skin tests. They also showed a significant
      increase in T and B cells which did not occur in the previously reactive group.
      However, the overall peripheral lymphocyte and T- and B-cell counts remained well
      below those of the normal control subjects. Patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease that requires surgical treatment have significant immunologic
      abnormalities. Removal of the diseased bowel, weight gain, and cessation of
      steroid medication improves skin test reactivity but does not correct the
      depressed peripheral lymphocyte and especially T-cell counts.

PMID- 6824133
TI  - Lymphedema after groin dissection.
AB  - Groin dissection was performed in 67 patients, of whom 40 had superficial groin
      dissection and 27 had ilioinguinal dissection. The incidence of overall
      lymphedema of a mild to moderate degree was 21 percent. Lymphedema was observed
      more frequently (26 percent) in patients with primary lesions in the leg when
      compared with those with lower trunk lesions (6 percent, p less than 0.001), and
      in those who did not follow a prophylactic regime of leg elevation and use of a
      fitted elastic stocking (45.8 percent) when compared with those who adhered to
      the regime (7 percent, p less than 0.004). Sex, age, wound problems, histologic
      status of lymph nodes, and the duration of follow-up did not significantly affect
      the occurrence of lymphedema.

PMID- 6824134
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion during abdominal aortic reconstruction.
AB  - Intraoperative autotransfusion by a continuous-flow centrifuge system was used
      during more than 300 abdominal aortic reconstructions at the Cleveland Clinic
      since May 1979. Fifty consecutive patients undergoing such operations were
      studied prospectively. Volumes of blood lost, salvaged, and transfused during
      each operation were tabulated. Autologous autotransfused blood was compared with
      homologous bank blood with respect to oxygen-carrying capacity, coagulation
      factors, microaggregate levels, red cell mass, pH, and free hemoglobin
      concentration. Chromium-51 red cell survival studies were performed in
      autotransfused blood in random patients and in control subjects. Renal, hepatic,
      and coagulation functions were determined during the first postoperative week.
      Each patient received a mean volume of 1,203 ml of autotransfused blood and 1,682
      ml of bank blood to replace a mean operative blood loss of 2,386 ml. Red blood
      cell survival of both salvaged autologous and unshed autologous blood in the
      control group was nearly identical. Salvaged blood had superior oxygen-carrying
      capacity, a lower microaggregate level, and better buffering capacity than bank
      blood. Although transient elevations in liver function values and free hemoglobin
      levels were noted, no clinically important aberration of coagulation, hepatic, or
      renal function was demonstrated.

PMID- 6824135
TI  - Tumor-associated gastroparesis: correction with metoclopramide.
AB  - Little is known about gastric emptying or its importance in the feeding disorders
      of cancer patients. In 70 percent of patients with upper gastrointestinal tumors
      who complained of satiety and postprandial fullness, gastric emptying was
      prolonged, as measured by a radioisotopic method. Metoclopramide was studied
      prospectively in 10 patients with unresectable upper gastrointestinal neoplasia
      and tumor-related gastroparesis. All patients had measurable subjective
      improvement with the therapy. There was a high correlation between objective
      improvement in gastric emptying and higher symptom scores after therapy. Results
      of baseline gastric emptying studies were predictive of therapeutic response.
      Requirements for hospitalization and antinauseants were reduced in all patients.
      Patients in whom response was positive gained weight and were able to take
      advantage of specific tumor therapies in an outpatient setting. Metoclopramide is
      a useful adjunct to the palliative regimen extended to patients with upper
      gastrointestinal tumors.

PMID- 6824137
TI  - Late and very late results of resections of the nervous system in the treatment
      of chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

PMID- 6824136
TI  - Changing state of gastric cancer in Japan. Histologic perspective of the past 76
      years.
AB  - One thousand thirty-eight patients with primary gastric cancer treated
      operatively during the past 20 year period were described. The results were
      compared with those in the period from 1904 to 1927 to illustrate the changes
      which have taken place in diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer during the
      past 76 years in Japan. All data was from the Department of Surgery I, Kyushu
      University. After half a century of status quo, improvement started around the
      mid 1960s, which coincided with the introduction of newer, improved procedures
      for diagnosis of gastric cancer, such as double contrast roentgenography of the
      stomach, endoscopic observation, and biopsy of suspected lesions. A mass
      population survey for the presence of gastric cancer in persons of approximately
      40 years of age has led to an ever increasing number of early gastric cancer
      cases. The emergence of early simulating advanced cancer with relatively good
      prognosis and the changing state of the Borrmann type of advanced cancer have
      contributed to the improvement. The present study demonstrates once again the
      importance of early detection of gastric cancer for an increased chance of cure,
      since conventional lymph node dissection seems to be unnecessary, and of even
      earlier detection of gastric tumors of less than 1 cm in diameter for the best
      chance of complete cure in the latter.

PMID- 6824138
TI  - Resection versus pericystectomy in the treatment of hydatidosis of the liver.
AB  - The surgical treatment of 87 hepatic cysts from Echinococcus granulosus in 42
      patients has been presented. The importance of determining the features of the
      cysts in each patient (age, number, location, and relation with vasculobiliary
      structures) in order to carry out the most appropriate treatment was stressed.
      Radical surgery was preferred because marsupialization, a conservative technique
      still widely used, has a high complication rate (60 percent in this study) and a
      prolonged recovery time. Arguments for and against cystopericystectomy and
      hepatic resections have been discussed. It is noteworthy that excellent results
      have been observed after hepatic resection when it was performed in selected
      patients.

PMID- 6824139
TI  - Penetrating neck wounds.
AB  - Over a 15 year period 120 patients with neck injuries that penetrated the
      platysma were studied. Appropriate treatment was initiated in the emergency room.
      Sixty-one patients underwent exploration and 59 were observed. Two of the
      observed patients later required delayed operation. In 9.2 percent of the
      patients, two or more injuries were present within the neck, whereas in 30
      percent the neck injury was only one of many bodily injuries. Length of hospital
      stay for the operative group of patients was 9 days and for the nonoperative
      group 5 days. There was one death. The complication rates in the operative and
      nonoperative groups were 2.5 and 1.7 percent, respectively. The major structures
      injured were within the venous system. The neck injuries were classified
      according to three zones defined by Saletta and Jones and their co-workers [4,5].
      The majority were Zone II injuries. Our morbidity and mortality rates are
      slightly lower than those reported in most series. This review supports the
      concept that therapy for penetrating injuries to the neck should be
      individualized.

PMID- 6824140
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct.
AB  - Seven patients with carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst have received treatment
      over a 15 year period. Findings in all of these patients reflect the likelihood
      of carcinoma arising within thyroglossal duct tissue. In each patient there was
      sufficient histologic evidence of the presence of a thyroglossal duct cyst and
      carcinoma arising within an intimate admixture of normal thyroid tissue in the
      cyst wall. In the absence of a history of irradiation and with separation of the
      carcinoma from the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid, excision of the thyroglossal
      cyst alone by traditional means seems appropriate. Our experience as well as a
      review of reported cases to date indicate that distant metastases are extremely
      rare and the prognosis excellent.

PMID- 6824141
TI  - Impact of sonography on surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The impact of preoperative sonographic localization of enlarged parathyroid
      glands was evaluated from the standpoint of operative time and complication
      rates. There was a reduction in the average time from 135 minutes when findings
      were false-negative to 111 minutes when findings were positive. The rate of
      complication was not changed by accurate preoperative localization. When the
      operative goal is to find all parathyroid glands in every patient, the value of
      preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors by any current method is slight.
      Should operative policy favor a search for only one enlarged and one normal
      gland, or should methods improve to the point that even normal parathyroid glands
      can be located reliably, noninvasive localization should prove to be useful,
      safe, and cost-effective, even when it is carried out before initial operation.

PMID- 6824142
TI  - Surgical management of pancreatic trauma.

PMID- 6824143
TI  - Reanastomosis of a Hartmann rectal pouch. A simplified procedure.
AB  - A new technique has been described that permits easy location of the rectal stump
      at the time of colostomy closure for the Hartmann procedure. The routine use of a
      polypropylene (Prolene) suture to define the location of the rectal stump
      eliminates tedious pelvis dissection, which could injure the ureter or bladder,
      as well as entering or thinning the rectal wall distal to the new anastomosis.

PMID- 6824144
TI  - Optimal preservation of cadaver kidneys with aortic perfusion.

PMID- 6824145
TI  - Hickman catheter placement simplified.
AB  - A simplified technique to place the Hickman indwelling right atrial catheter has
      been devised. This involves securing the catheter to a trocar, which is easily
      advanced to the cutdown site of the selected vein. Experience in more than 75
      patients shows this technique to be associated with less discomfort and fewer
      complications than seen with standard techniques.

PMID- 6824146
TI  - Importance of patient selection in local treatment of carcinoma of the rectum.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with potentially curative adenocarcinomas of the rectum
      underwent fulguration of their tumors without regard to size of the lesion. The
      overall 5 year survival rate was 48.3 percent. However, if patients with
      adenocarcinomas that arose in villous adenomas were excluded, the 5 year survival
      rate dropped to 31.7 percent. Of the six patients with a carcinoma less than 3 cm
      in diameter, the 5 year survival rate was 83 percent. Of the 30 patients with
      lesions 3 cm or larger, the 5 year survival rate was 23.3 percent. No patient
      with a lesion larger than 4 cm was cured. It is believed that patients with small
      adenocarcinomas (less than 3 cm) have a better chance of cure with fulguration
      than with radical surgery. Cancers between 3 and 4 cm may be treated successfully
      by local means. Fulguration of rectal carcinomas should not be performed in
      patients with lesions larger than 4 cm in diameter, except for palliation or in
      those who refuse permanent colostomy.

PMID- 6824148
TI  - The influence of haemoglobin and plasma urea levels on the induction dose of
      thiopentone.

PMID- 6824147
TI  - The scrotal mass: cause and diagnosis.
AB  - The incidences of various diseases responsible for the occurrence of a scrotal
      mass have been reported. The testicular scan was used infrequently but was 100
      percent accurate in differentiating inflammatory masses from torsion. Thirteen
      patients with inflammatory masses (9.8 percent) were explored because torsion was
      suspected. Perhaps increased use of testicular scanning, or in children, Doppler
      flow studies, would reduce the need for exploration. Twenty-seven of the 278
      patients (9.7 percent) had asymptomatic masses which were explored to rule out
      malignant disease, and only four of these patients were found to have malignant
      disease. Nineteen of the patients had cystic lesions and 2 had inflammatory
      lesions. If ultrasound had been used in the evaluation of these patients,
      exploration might not have been necessary. When the diagnosis of the scrotal mass
      is obvious, there is no need for further evaluation and the clinician should
      proceed to appropriate therapy. However, when the diagnosis is doubtful, patients
      would benefit from increased application of the available diagnostic studies.

PMID- 6824149
TI  - Total intravenous anaesthesia with etomidate-fentanyl. Use in general and
      gynaecological surgery.
AB  - A total intravenous anaesthetic technique using etomidate, fentanyl and
      neuromuscular blocking drugs with artificial ventilation of the lungs has been
      used in 90 patients undergoing elective general and gynaecological surgery. A two
      step schedule was used, based on a pharmacokinetic model for rapidly eliminated,
      intravenously administered drugs. Etomidate 100 micrograms/kg/minute with
      fentanyl 1 microgram/kg/minute were given for 10 minutes, followed by a
      maintenance dose at a rate of one-tenth this amount. Concurrent evaluation of the
      technique led to variations in the adjuvant drugs used (atropine, droperidol and
      neuromuscular blocking agent). The basic dose schedule provided adequate surgical
      anaesthesia for 76% of patients (although dose adjustments were used in the
      remainder), with recovery times of 10 minutes or less in 57% of patients. No
      further opiate analgesia was needed in 40% of patients postoperatively. Those
      patients given atropine intravenously prior to induction had a significantly
      lower incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively.

PMID- 6824150
TI  - Respiratory injury in the burned patient. The role of flexible bronchoscopy.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of flexible bronchoscopy in
      the management of patients admitted to a busy Regional burns unit, with
      particular reference to possible smoke inhalation injury. The basic procedure
      employed was that used in routine bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of bronchial
      carcinoma, with modification of the premedication required in view of the shorter
      duration of the technique and the lack of a requirement for bronchial biopsy. We
      have found the procedure easy to perform, well tolerated by the patients and not
      associated with any complications. It provides additional information not
      otherwise available, which can influence the subsequent management of the
      patient. An experienced bronchoscopist and additional personnel skilled in
      resuscitation techniques are required. It should be performed in patients with
      clear evidence of smoke inhalation injury and in particular with facial burns in
      order to visualise the extent of airway injury, remove debris and give some
      indication of the likelihood of subsequent complications such as acute upper
      airways obstruction.

PMID- 6824152
TI  - Effects of nitrous oxide on pressure changes of tracheal tube cuffs following
      inflation with air and saline.

PMID- 6824156
TI  - Rectal ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in children.
AB  - Rectal premedication with atropine and diazepam and rectal induction of
      anaesthesia with ketamine have been used in 30 healthy children undergoing minor
      surgery. The anticholinergic and sedative effects of the premedication were
      satisfactory. Induction of anaesthesia was smooth with no adverse circulatory or
      respiratory effects. No psychotomimetic side-effects were seen, and analgesia
      persisted into the recovery period. Plasma concentrations of ketamine and
      norketamine were measured in eight children and revealed a pharmacokinetic
      pattern indicating comparatively low bioavailability probably due to incomplete
      absorption from the rectum and a high 'first-pass' metabolism. The technique of
      rectal administration of ketamine needs further pharmacokinetic evaluation before
      it can be generally recommended.

PMID- 6824155
TI  - Closed system enflurane in oxygen.
AB  - A safe method of administering enflurane from a Goldman vaporizer in a closed
      system is described, using a fresh gas flow of 0.5 litres minute of oxygen. There
      was a drawback, in that, until the system was closed, insufficient concentration
      of enflurane was achieved in seven out of 20 patients, who then moved on surgical
      incision. When the system was closed, the concentration of enflurane increased so
      that satisfactory anaesthesia occurred. The maximum inspired concentration of
      enflurane in the system was 4.5% which occurred in one patient on the 3rd notch
      of the Goldman. A portable interference refractometer was used to measure the
      percentage of enflurane.

PMID- 6824153
TI  - Misconnexion of a cuffed 'speaking' tracheostomy tube. A report of the
      consequences, and recommendations for future use of similar tracheostomy tubes.

PMID- 6824154
TI  - Experience with self-administered pethidine with special reference to the general
      practitioner obstetric unit.

PMID- 6824151
TI  - Adverse reactions to intravenous codeine phosphate in children. A report of three
      cases.
AB  - Adverse reactions ranging from tachycardia and cutaneous vasodilatation to severe
      hypotension and apnoea occurred in three children who were given codeine
      phosphate intravenously. The cause of these reactions is discussed and a review
      of the literature on the parenteral use of codeine phosphate is presented. The
      findings indicate that the standard reference formularies and pharmacopeoiae,
      with one exception, deal inadequately with the parenteral use of codeine
      phosphate. On the evidence of the cases presented we would support the conclusion
      of the American Medical Association's drug evaluations, that codeine phosphate
      should not be used intravenously in children.

PMID- 6824158
TI  - Barbotage and spinal anaesthesia. The effect of barbotage on the spread of
      analgesia during isobaric spinal anaesthesia.
AB  - Subarachnoid block was performed with 0.5% plain bupivacaine in 67 patients with
      patients in the lateral position and the table horizontal. Thirty-six patients
      had a single injection while in the remaining 31 patients barbotage was used.
      Injection rates and aspiration rates were constant in both groups at 0.33
      ml/second. Mean volumes of bupivacaine used in the two groups were 3.30 and 3.35
      ml, respectively. The mean spread of analgesia after 30 minutes was 0.9
      dermatomes higher in the group which received a single injection, and this was
      not statistically significant. The range of spread of analgesia was large in both
      groups, there was no correlation between spread of analgesia and volume of local
      anaesthetic used, and there was no correlation between age of patient and spread
      of analgesia in either group. Control of the level of analgesia during isobaric
      spinal block is difficult, and is not facilitated by barbotage.

PMID- 6824157
TI  - Mediastinal tumours causing airway obstruction. A case in an adult.

PMID- 6824159
TI  - Systemic reaction caused by epidural bupivacaine 0.75%.

PMID- 6824160
TI  - Dr Doughty's technique for the location of the epidural space.

PMID- 6824161
TI  - Combined subarachnoid and epidural techniques.

PMID- 6824162
TI  - Unusually high block following intrathecal bupivacaine.

PMID- 6824163
TI  - Delayed onset spinal after epidural analgesia.

PMID- 6824164
TI  - Epidural and intrathecal opiates for postoperative pain relief.

PMID- 6824165
TI  - Intrathecal morphine combined with hyperbaric tetracaine.

PMID- 6824166
TI  - Evaluation of transesophageal Doppler detection of air embolism in dogs.
AB  - The authors assessed the use of a cylindrical sensor which transceives (transmits
      and receives) ultrasound in a 360 degree arc mounted on a standard esophageal
      stethoscope catheter to detect air embolism in dogs. They used electronic
      circuitry developed specifically to provide a continuous analog recording of high
      frequency Doppler energy as well as an audible signal. They found that the
      esophageal Doppler sensor was easy to position. In 25 of 30 dogs, the system
      distinguished Doppler sounds of venous air emboli that were present either in the
      superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary artery from
      normal cardiovascular sounds. In the remaining five animals, Doppler heart and
      air emboli sounds were initially of poor quality, but improved with aspiration of
      air from the esophagus. In another five dogs, arterial air emboli produced by
      left ventricular injections also were detected. The esophageal sensor was
      sensitive to both venous and arterial air emboli ranging from 0.05--0.2 ml of
      air, and the authors consistently detected repeated intravenous injections of air
      throughout a 5-h time period. Optimal position of the sensor for detection of
      venous air emboli was at the level of the superior vena cava above its junction
      with the right atrium. Optimal position to detect arterial air emboli introduced
      via a left ventricular catheter was at the level of the aortic arch. Tissue
      analysis of the esophagus revealed no morphologic damage due to the sensor or
      transmitted energy.

PMID- 6824167
TI  - Effects of pulmonary blood flow and mixed venous O2 tension on gas exchange in
      dogs.
AB  - The authors investigated whether the increases in venous admixture and
      intrapulmonary shunt which occur with increases in cardiac output (Qt) results
      from an effect mediated by mixed venous PO2 (PVO2) or an effect mediated by the
      increase in pulmonary blood flow. Using a veno-venous bypass system thay were
      able to alter PVO2 independent of variations in Qt and vice versa. During room
      air ventilation of dogs with normal lungs at constant Qt, an increase in PVO2
      from 33 +/- 7 (mean +/- SD) to 54 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than 0.05) resulted in a
      decrease in venous admixture from 22 +/- 11 to 13 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05).
      During room air ventilation of normal dogs at a constant PVO2, raising Qt from
      2.16 +/- .53 to 3.49 +/- 0.91 l/min (P less than 0.05) increased venous admixture
      from 10 +/- 5 to 16 +/- 5% (P less than 0.05). During oxygen ventilation in these
      two groups of dogs, changes in PVO2 and Qt had no effect on shunt. During oxygen
      ventilation of dogs with significant shunts from oleic-acid-induced pulmonary
      edema, independent increases in either PVO2 or pulmonary blood flow resulted in
      increased shunt. At constant Ot, an increase in PVO2 from 30 +/- 8 to 52 +/- 3
      mmHg (P less than 0.05) resulted in an increase in shunt from 39 +/- 12 to 43 +/-
      12% (P less than 0.05). When PVO2 remained constant, increasing Qt from 1.97 pm
      0.42 to 3.61 +/- 0.50 l/min (P less than 0.05) resulted in an increase in shunt
      from 47 +/- 17 to 53 +/- 15% (P less than 0.05). The authors conclude that during
      oxygen ventilation, normal dogs have shunts which are unaffected by changes in
      blood flow or PVO2. Increases in pulmonary blood flow increase venous admixture
      during room air ventilation, while increases in PVO2 decrease venous admixture
      during air ventilation. In edematous lungs, increases in either PVO2 or pulmonary
      blood flow increase shunt.

PMID- 6824168
TI  - The role of metabolism and protein binding in thiopental anesthesia.
AB  - The role of metabolism, relative to redistribution, in the termination of
      anesthesia was examined in patients receiving a single bolus iv injection of
      thiopental. Additionally, it was determined if nonlinear protein binding occurs
      immediately after the bolus iv injection of thiopental, possibly enhancing
      thiopental effect. Thiopental pharmacokinetics and protein binding were
      determined in 12 surgical patients with normal hepatic function. Using the
      pharmacokinetic equations listed in the appendix, plasma concentration over time
      data were used to quantitate the contribution of metabolism to the early decline
      of thiopental plasma concentrations after a single iv bolus administration. The
      fraction of thiopental loss from the central compartment due to metabolism was
      calculated to be 0.14 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SD) at 1 min and 0.18 +/) 0.04 at 15
      min. These data confirm that metabolism is far less important than distribution
      in the initial decline of blood and brain concentrations of thiopental, and,
      therefore, termination of thiopental anesthetic effect. The protein binding of
      thiopental from 0.5 to 15 min was found to be linear over a concentration range
      of 93 +/- 60 micrograms/ml to 6.9 +/- 0.62 micrograms/ml. Thus, concentration
      dependent or nonlinear protein binding of thiopental after a single iv bolus
      administration could not be demonstrated and does not enhance thiopental
      anesthetic effect.

PMID- 6824169
TI  - Pure oxygen breathing increases sheep lung microvascular permeability.
AB  - Sheep that breathe pure oxygen via a tracheostomy develop progressive respiratory
      failure and die within four days. The characteristic terminal findings include an
      increased water content of the lung, a decrease in lung compliance, and severe
      hypercarbia. To sequentially assess alterations of lung transvascular fluid
      dynamics during prolonged oxygen breathing the authors measured lung lymph flow
      (Q lymph), protein transport (Q protein), and pulmonary vascular pressures in
      five sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas. No significant changes of lung
      transvascular fluid dynamics occurred during the first 60 hours of oxygen
      breathing, although an increasing trend of Q lymph and Q protein was
      demonstrable. However, after 72 hours of oxygen breathing, Q lymph, Q protein,
      and extravascular lung water had increased significantly without any change of
      pulmonary vascular pressures. The authors conclude that the toxic effects of
      oxygen on the lungs of sheep include a delayed but marked increase of pulmonary
      microvascular permeability to protein and fluid.

PMID- 6824170
TI  - Importance of myocardial loading conditions in determining the effects of
      enflurane on left ventricular function in the intact and isolated canine heart.
AB  - The effect of enflurane (2% and 4% inspired) on left ventricular (LV) function
      were examined in chronically instrumented dogs, both intact and after isolation
      of their hearts and lungs from the systemic circulation. Enflurane in the intact
      dogs increased heart rate (32 +/- 5% with 2% and 41 +/- 4% with 4%) and elicited
      striking, dose-dependent decreases in LV stroke shortening (-30 +/- 3% and -41 +/
      4%), the maximum velocity of LV fiber shortening, dD/dt, (-23 +/- 2%) and -40 +/
      2%), LV systolic pressure (-25 +/- 3% and -33 +/- 2%), the maximum rise of LV
      pressure, dP/dt (-33 +/- 5% and -55 +/- 3%), and mean aortic pressure (-27 +/- 2%
      and -37 +/- 1%). However, the LV diastolic performance was impaired little, i.e.,
      even with the higher concentration the LV end-diastolic pressure rose only
      moderately (32 +/- 4%), while the LV end-diastolic dimensions failed to change
      significantly; both LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic diameter were
      decreased with the low concentration. Enflurane, after beta-adrenergic blockade
      alone or after combined beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockades, or with
      spontaneous ventilation instead of controlled ventilation, had similar effects.
      By contrast, in the hearts that were isolated from the systemic circulation and
      the complex neurohumoral environment, enflurane increased both LV end-diastolic
      pressure (116 +/- 32% and 492 +/- 58%) and LV end-diastolic diameter (13 +/- 3%
      and 28 +/- 7%). In intact dogs with aortic pressure artificially increased to
      conscious control levels, enflurane likewise caused a distinct depression of the
      LV diastolic performance. Thus, LV systolic unloading appears to be mandatory in
      order to prevent acute myocardial failure from higher doses of enflurane. The
      observed changes in LV function with enflurane are largely independent of cardiac
      rate, adrenergic and cholinergic influences, and the hemodynamic consequences of
      intermittent positive-pressure ventilation.

PMID- 6824171
TI  - Delayed awakening from anesthesia and child abuse.

PMID- 6824172
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6824173
TI  - Spread of epidural analgesia in early pregnancy.

PMID- 6824174
TI  - A hazard of continuous flush systems for vascular pressure monitoring in infants.

PMID- 6824178
TI  - Etiologic factors in determining explosive colonic gas mixtures.

PMID- 6824177
TI  - Standard colors for intravenous cannulas.

PMID- 6824176
TI  - Anesthetic management and gas scavenging for laser surgery of infant subglottic
      stenosis.

PMID- 6824179
TI  - Nitrous oxide and the prevention of tension pneumocephalus after craniotomy.

PMID- 6824175
TI  - Valve competence in pulmonary artery catheter introducers.

PMID- 6824180
TI  - Nitrous oxide and intraoperative tension pneumocephalus.

PMID- 6824182
TI  - Adapter kit is available to update APL valves.

PMID- 6824183
TI  - Experience with reduced volume dose of sodium citrate.

PMID- 6824181
TI  - An airway device for ophthalmic and head and neck surgery.

PMID- 6824184
TI  - Detachment of an esophageal stethoscope cuff--possible role of an oral airway.

PMID- 6824185
TI  - A simple means assuring proper drug dosage.

PMID- 6824187
TI  - Pulmonary vascular response is dependent upon initial state of the vasculature.

PMID- 6824186
TI  - Inseparable disposables.

PMID- 6824188
TI  - Risk of air embolism during catheter placement.

PMID- 6824189
TI  - Placebo controlled double blind study with pentoxifylline of walking performance
      in patients with intermittent claudication.
AB  - A double blind placebo-controlled randomised crossover study was performed with
      Pentoxifylline (Trental 400 tablets with 400 mg active ingredient) in 24 patients
      (19 males, 5 females, aged between 40 and 71 years) suffering from peripheral
      occlusive arteriopathy of stage II severity (Fontaine's classification). In 12
      patients (group I) the treatment was started with placebo, and in another 12
      subjects with Pentoxifylline (group II). The dosage was 3 tablets of either
      formulation t.d.s., the treatment periods were 8 weeks each with a two week
      washout between. The standardised walking test (120 steps/min under metronome
      control) was used for the assessment of the walking capacity. There was a
      significant 60% increase in pain-free walking distance in either Pentoxifylline
      treatment periods, whereas there were no clinically relevant changes in the
      placebo periods. When comparing the two starting periods only, there was an
      increase in the Pentoxifylline group from 223 to 359 m on average and in the
      placebo group from 208 to 215 m, patients in both groups being comparable at
      basal level as to the distribution of sex, age, location of occlusion, duration
      of disease as well as in respect to the walking capacity. No adverse reactions
      were recorded during the trial.

PMID- 6824190
TI  - The acute effects of nifedipine on calf and forefoot blood flow in patients with
      peripheral arterial insufficiency.
AB  - The calcium-blocking agent nifedipine, which possesses vasodilating potency, was
      tested in 8 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. 10 mg sublingually
      significantly decreased systolic arm and ankle blood pressure. Neither blood flow
      nor local peripheral resistance in the calf and the forefoot at rest and the calf
      during postischemic reactive hyperemia changed significantly. During postischemic
      hyperemia in the forefoot, the drug significantly reduced peak blood flow and
      increased local peripheral resistance. The drug-induced reduction in forefoot
      peak blood flow was correlated to the fall in systolic arm and ankle blood
      pressure. It is suggested that nifedipine may shorten the claudication distance
      in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency.

PMID- 6824192
TI  - Intra-pulmonary artery streptokinase.
AB  - Fibrinolytic agents have been advocated for the treatment of massive pulmonary
      emboli. The usual mode of infusion is via a peripheral vein. Theoretically,
      infusion into the pulmonary artery would be expected to be more efficacious. A
      case representing the failure of intra-pulmonary artery infusion of fibrinolytic
      agents is presented. However, a literature review suggests that this mode of
      therapy may achieve a greater success in clot lysis than does peripheral
      infusion. Additionally, this form of treatment may allow the clinician to lower
      the administered dose which may represent an advantage to the patient.

PMID- 6824191
TI  - Electrophysiologic properties of furosemide in man.
AB  - Furosemide has been extensively used in the treatment of heart failure and its
      effect on cardiovascular dynamics are well established. Clinical relief of the
      symptoms of pulmonary congestion frequently precedes any demonstrable diuretic
      effect, suggesting that extra renal factors may also be involved. More recent
      studies on the extra-renal action of furosemide showed an increase of venous
      capacitance as an early hemodynamic effect of the drug. In spite of furosemides
      wide use in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension, there is no
      information on the electrophysiologic properties of the drug in man. The present
      study involving 8 human subjects was undertaken to determine what effect
      intravenously administered furosemide has on the human conduction system.

PMID- 6824193
TI  - Non-invasive diagnosis of a free-floating left atrial thrombus with emphasis on
      two-dimensional echocardiographic features.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography permitted identification of a large free
      floating left atrial thrombus in a patient with mitral stenosis. A specific
      pattern of motion afforded its recognition and differentiation from mural left
      atrial thrombosis and tumors. Phonocardiographic tracings revealed a non-ejection
      systolic click and opening snap. A gated blood pool scintigram disclosed a left
      atrial filling defect. Subsequent left atrial angiography and left atriotomy
      confirmed the non-invasive findings.

PMID- 6824194
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular wall stress in chronic congestive
      heart failure patients.
AB  - Therapy with prazosin can improve the condition of patients with congestive heart
      failure due to its vasodilating action. Therefore nine patients with volume
      overloaded left ventricles due to aortic insufficiency and mitral insufficiency
      received 1 mg. of prazosin four times a day for two weeks. Peak and end-systolic
      wall stress were estimated using a noninvasive echocardiographic technique. The
      peak systolic wall stress in this group was 155 x 10(3) dynes/cm2 which is
      similar to the reported normal value. However, the end systolic wall stress was
      101 x 10(3) dynes/cm2 which is much higher than the reported normal values.
      Following the administration of oral prazosin, the end systolic stress was
      normalized while the peak systolic stress was reduced below normal. As a result
      of therapy with prazosin, the ejection fraction, the percentage of change in the
      minor axis, and the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening significantly
      increased. Thus, the oral administration of prazosin can improve left ventricular
      function in patients with mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency.

PMID- 6824195
TI  - Wenckebach phenomenon (W.P.) at sites other than A-V junctional area.
AB  - W.P. occurring at sites other than A-V junctional area are reported. Some of the
      cases are rather rare. His bundle electrography may be the best method in
      discovering the site of block, but the using of conventional ECG is also able to
      detect a correct diagnosis. Clinical significance are discussed, some are
      innocent, some are related to serious heart disease. Thorough examination is
      necessary before arriving at any conclusion.

PMID- 6824196
TI  - Are pressure-volume relations at end-systole a reflection of left ventricular
      myocardial contractility?

PMID- 6824197
TI  - Persistent Eustachian valve causing severe cyanosis in atrial septal defect with
      normal right heart pressures.

PMID- 6824198
TI  - Lymphology today.

PMID- 6824200
TI  - A study of allergic factor in nasal polyp patients.
AB  - Various investigations for allergy were carried out on 57 nasal polyp patients.
      The majority of them (96.5%) showed positive responses to at least one of the
      methods used. The results suggest that allergy is a constant feature in the nasal
      polyp patients but that further investigation is needed before we can state that
      allergic manifestation contributes to polyp formation. It was also found in this
      study that 90% of the patients had definite pathological changes on their sinus x
      rays. Sinus disease may be either predispose a patient to or result from nasal
      polyps.

PMID- 6824199
TI  - Clinical significance of the radioisotope test using I-131 labelled serum albumin
      for evaluating the peripheral circulation in the foot during a period of reactive
      hyperemia.
AB  - The radioisotope test using I-131 labelled serum albumin, performed during a
      period of reactive hyperemia, provides quantitative data which express the rate
      at which radioactive blood flowing from the leg replaces the non-radioactive
      blood present in the foot. It has been applied in normal subjects and in patients
      with arterial occlusions in the lower limbs. High washout rates, i.e. small M/2
      index values, were found in the former, whereas low washout rates with higher M/2
      indices were observed in the latter. Surprisingly, patients with a very low
      washout rate could be without subjective symptoms. The usefulness of the test in
      clinical practice is explained.

PMID- 6824203
TI  - Jaundice occurring after resolution of heat stroke.
AB  - Presented is the case of a 19-year-old midshipman at the United States Naval
      Academy who developed heat stroke. After appropriate therapy and apparent
      resolution of the heat-related illness, the patient re-presented with jaundice
      and biochemical evidence of severe hepatitis. He improved with supportive care
      and was asymptomatic when discharged. The differential diagnosis and clinical
      course are described, and hepatic and metabolic effects of thermal injury are
      discussed.

PMID- 6824201
TI  - Long term efficacy and safety of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in Perennial
      Rhinitis.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with perennial rhinitis were treated with beclomethasone
      dipropionate nasal aerosol three times daily for 48 weeks. There was no evidence
      at the end of the study of any adverse effects from the topical steroid as
      assessed by biopsy studies of the nasal mucus membrane and by negative nasal
      cultures for C. albicans.

PMID- 6824202
TI  - Status Asthmaticus: use of acetylcysteine during bronchoscopy and lavage to
      remove mucous plugs.
AB  - Three patients suffering from severe, chronic, bronchial asthma underwent
      bronchoscopy and lavage, using in the irrigant fluid acetylcysteine, isoetharine
      and Solu-Medrol. All patients had a large amount of thick mucus in the
      tracheobronchial tree which was removed during the lavage. Following the lavage,
      all three patients were easily treated with conventional allergic measures and
      were able to lead normal lives, which they could not do before. A discussion of
      the precautions to be taken by the medical-surgical team in charge of a patient
      undergoing bronchoscopy and lavage is made. These conclusions were based on the
      results of two previous reports by the authors in addition to the present
      communication.

PMID- 6824204
TI  - Scombroid poisoning: prompt resolution of symptoms with cimetidine.
AB  - Ingestion of tainted fish of the tuna class may result in the toxic erythema and
      histamine overload of scombroid poisoning. We report four cases in which prompt
      resolution of symptoms was achieved by administration of intravenous cimetidine,
      with minimal side effects. A search of the literature failed to locate previous
      reports of the efficacy of cimetidine in the treatment of this syndrome.

PMID- 6824206
TI  - Intubating the hypothermic patient.

PMID- 6824205
TI  - A multipurpose resuscitation catheter.

PMID- 6824207
TI  - Asthma study design and results questioned.

PMID- 6824208
TI  - Perforating injuries of the small bowel from blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6824209
TI  - Vital signs including pulsus paradoxus in the assessment of acute bronchial
      asthma.

PMID- 6824210
TI  - Lumbar spine x-rays: a multihospital study.
AB  - To define the usefulness of the lumbar spine x-ray series in the emergency
      department and to generate clinical criteria for optimizing its application, we
      retrospectively studied 552 consecutive emergency department patients for whom
      lumbar spine x-rays were ordered. Patients were divided into traumatic (47.6%)
      and nontraumatic (52.4%) groups. Three subgroups were created based on
      radiological findings: 1) "negative" (55.8%), 2) "possibly significant" (37%),
      and 3) "positive" (7.2%). The "positive" subgroup was compared with the other two
      subgroups in an attempt to define physical markers that correlated with positive
      radiological findings. Four clinical findings were present in significantly
      different frequencies between the positive group and others: an abnormal physical
      examination (90% vs 61.5%, respectively) (P less than .0001), tenderness (72.5%
      vs 41.2%) (P less than .0005), multiple positive findings (42.5% vs 20.7%) (P
      less than .005), and contusion or abrasion (15% vs 2.7%) (P less than .0005).

PMID- 6824211
TI  - Spontaneous drainage of cardiac tamponade.
AB  - The case of a 23-year-old man with life-threatening pericardial tamponade
      resulting from a cardiac stab wound is presented. After initial attempts at
      stabilization failed to reverse the progressively worsening status of the
      patient, he was prepared for surgery. Just prior to induction of anesthesia,
      blood began to flow from the patient's chest tube, resulting in a return to a
      near normal hemodynamic status. This was believed to be the result of spontaneous
      drainage of cardiac tamponade prior to cardiorrhaphy. The patient was discharged
      ten days post admission in excellent health and was doing well at a one-month
      follow-up visit. The discussion includes what comprises definitive care for
      cardiac tamponade, and the controversy in the timing and appropriateness of
      pericardiocentesis.

PMID- 6824212
TI  - Mechanical properties of equine hooves.

PMID- 6824214
TI  - Reference serum pepsinogen concentrations in dairy cattle.
AB  - Serum samples from 27 yearling heifers and 50 lactating cows were analyzed for
      pepsinogen concentration. Concentrations were 44 +/- 12 (SD) ng of pepsinogen/ml
      (2,200 mU of tyrosine/ml) of serum for the yearling heifers and 20 +/- 8 ng/ml
      (1,400 mU of tyrosine/ml) for the lactating cows. These initial data indicate
      that a yearling calf, grazing on pasture, with a serum pepsinogen concentration
      greater than 68 ng/ml (2,900 mU of tyrosine/ml) should be examined for
      ostertagiasis.

PMID- 6824213
TI  - Cambendazole for strongyle control in a pony band: selection of a drug-resistant
      population of small strongyles and teratologic implications.
AB  - Cambendazole (CBZ) treatments (20 mg/kg) given at 8-week intervals were used for
      parasite control in a breeding band of ponies (n = 33 to 43) during the period
      July 1974 to August 1978. Pre- and posttreatment worm egg counts on feces were
      used to evaluate efficacy of treatments after every 2nd treatment interval by
      monitoring changes in strongyle egg counts. Initially, effective reductions
      (expressed as 92% to 96% fewer worm eggs) were lessened to 70% by the 9th
      treatment (18 months) and to 28% by the 12th treatment, and thereafter, they
      fluctuated between 0% and 38%. Critical tests on animals culled during the 3rd
      year revealed that (i) large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris and S edentatus)
      were efficaciously removed, (ii) 5 species of small strongyles (Cyathostomum
      catinatus, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus
      longibursatus, and Cylicostephanus minutus) exhibited some degree of resistance,
      and (iii) 11 species of small strongyles from 6 genera, including the 3 already
      named, were highly susceptible. Cylicostephanus minutus, in this population
      exhibited benzimidazole resistance for the first time, whereas Cylicostephanus
      goldi, previously recognized as resistant in other populations (B and C) in
      Kentucky, was susceptible to CBZ. A 2-fold increase in the drug-dose rate did not
      increase efficacy against the CBZ-resistant species of small strongyles, but a 4
      fold increase small stronglyles, efficaciously removed 93% of the resistant small
      strongyles. Foaling rates in the brood band ranged between 38% and 61% for the 5
      seasons. Three deformed foals occurred--1 in 1976 and 2 in 1977--among the total
      of 83 births. Present data did not evidence a probable week of early gestation
      for possible insult of the fetus by CBZ treatment.

PMID- 6824215
TI  - Effect of monensin on bovine ruminal 3-methylindole production after abrupt
      change to lush pasture.

PMID- 6824216
TI  - Effects of tylosin feeding on the antibiotic resistance of selected gram-positive
      bacteria in pigs.
AB  - The effect of tylosin on macrolide resistance of gram-positive bacteria of pigs
      was determined. After an initial base-line period during which the pigs were
      given antibiotic-free feed, 1 group of 8 pigs was given tylosin feed (100 g/US
      ton of feed), and a 2nd group of 7 was given antibiotic-free feed. Samples were
      taken at 2- to 3-week intervals. For each pig, rectal, skin, and nasal swab
      samples were collected for enumeration of fecal streptococci and skin and nasal
      staphylococci. Percentages of macrolide resistant organisms of each group were
      tabulated on the basis of colony counts from antibiotic free and erythromycin
      containing plates. After the introduction of tylosin into the feed of 1 group, a
      clear difference between the 2 groups with respect to the macrolide resistance of
      their gram-positive microflora was observed. The data indicate that tylosin
      feeding results in an increase in macrolide resistance of the bacterial flora of
      pigs.

PMID- 6824217
TI  - Ciliary body temperatures during cyclocryotherapy in the clinically normal dog.
AB  - Three cryosurgical units were compared on the basis of the ability of each unit
      to freeze the ciliary body of enucleated normal canine eyes. The coldest average
      temperatures reached were -13.4 C, -4.3 C, and -17.6 C. One of the units was then
      used to freeze the ciliary body in the left eye of 25 dogs for 5 minutes. Ciliary
      body temperatures were monitored every 15 s during cyclocryosurgery. In 18 eyes
      in situ, the coldest average temperature reached was -13.4 C. In 7 proptosed
      globes, the coldest average temperature reached was -13.8 C. The results were not
      significantly different (P less than 0.05). The effects of the cryosurgery and
      centesis procedure were monitored daily by direct observation and Schiotz's
      tonometry. Histologic changes from the procedure were evaluated at 5 minutes, 1
      week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. Intraocular pressure returned to the
      normal range within 1 to 2 weeks, the anterior uveitis subsided in 7 to 10 days,
      and ciliary body epithelium was histologically normal within 6 months after
      surgery.

PMID- 6824218
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental/lidocaine combination during anesthetic
      induction in the dog.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary effects and tendencies to produce ventricular arrhythmias
      were evaluated in 13 dogs given a surgical plane of anesthesia by thiopental (IV)
      or a combination of thiopental and lidocaine (IV). Thiopental (22 mg/kg of body
      weight) was compared with a combination of thiopental (11 mg/kg) and lidocaine
      (8.8 mg/kg). Preanesthetic agents were not given. Both methods for IV anesthesia
      provided a smooth induction suitable for easy intubation. The
      thiopental/lidocaine combination had a shorter duration, produced no arrhythmias,
      and resulted in less cardiopulmonary depression than did thiopental alone.
      Bigeminy developed after intubation during 19 of 20 thiopental inductions as
      compared with that in 0 of 22 thiopental/lidocaine inductions. The bigeminies
      were preceded by systemic hypertension and tachycardia which developed as the
      trachea was being intubated. The increase in aortic pressure and heart rate was
      minimal after intubation during the thiopental/lidocaine inductions. Five minutes
      after administration of thiopental alone, increases in heart rate, aortic
      pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, and left ventricular systolic and
      end-diastolic pressures were observed. When these increases in rate, preload, and
      afterload were considered in relation to a stabile maximum positive first
      derivative of left ventricular pressure, left ventricular contractility was
      considered to be decreased. Mild respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were present
      at 5 and 10 minutes after thiopental induction. Because the combination of
      thiopental/lidocaine had less cardiopulmonary depressive effects and protected
      against arrhythmias, it would appear to be a good method for anesthetic induction
      of the patient with cardiopulmonary disease. In the patient with normal
      cardiopulmonary function, thiopental produces only a moderate and reversible
      depression.

PMID- 6824220
TI  - Mycoplasma gateae arthritis and tenosynovitis in cats: case report and
      experimental reproduction of the disease.
AB  - Polyarthritis and tenosynovitis were diagnosed in a cat. Clinical signs of 2
      months' duration included swollen limbs, painful joints (sensitive to touch),
      lameness, and pyrexia. Laboratory test data revealed hypogammaglobulinemia,
      hypoalbuminemia, leukocytosis, and mild anemia. The cat was euthanatized and
      necropsied; there were chronic necrotizing fibrinopurulent tenosynovitis and
      arthritis with bone and cartilage erosions. Cultural examinations of synovia were
      positive for Mycoplasma gateae, but bacterial and viral cultural examinations
      were negative. Organisms propagated from the M gateae isolate were inoculated IV
      into 6 specific-pathogen-free cats--3 of these being subjected to
      immunosuppression induced with azathioprine. The 6 inoculated cats became lame 5
      to 9 days later, and 5 became febrile. Cultural examinations of the pharynx in 4
      cats were positive for M gateae and in 3 cats, the organism was isolated from
      various joints. Microscopically, arthritis and tenosynovitis were identified in
      all cats. Two specific-pathogen-free cats were used as controls (noninoculated);
      these did not become lame, had negative M gateae cultures, and were free of
      histopathologic abnormalities. Reproduction of disease with recovery of the
      causative agent indicates the pathogenicity of this particular isolate of M
      gateae in the cat when inoculated IV.

PMID- 6824219
TI  - Hemagglutination with formalin-fixed erythrocytes for detection of canine
      parvovirus.

PMID- 6824221
TI  - Fate of autogenous fat implants in the frontal sinuses of cats.
AB  - Cats (n = 4) were subjected to a bilateral osteotomy overlying the frontal
      sinuses. The right sinus of each cat served as a control, and the left sinus was
      filled with autogenous fat harvested from the subcutaneous region of the ventral
      part of the abdomen. All 4 cats were euthanatized at 200 days. The experiment was
      designed to determine whether satisfactory obliteration of the left frontal sinus
      could be accomplished without the benefit of intraoperative magnification.
      Grossly, obliteration of all 4 sinuses was accomplished in 3 of 4 cats. Light
      microscopy revealed fluid and/or regrowth of mucous membrane, both considered to
      be unfavorable sequelae. Although some fat retained viability in the sinus (50%
      in one cat, 40% in another), most of the obliteration was from mixed fibrous
      adipose tissue or bony ingrowth. The clinical significance of this study was not
      determined, since all 4 cats were free of sinusitis before adipose tissue
      implantation.

PMID- 6824224
TI  - Effect of antioxidants on the proliferative response of canine lymphocytes in
      serum from dogs with vitamin E deficiency.
AB  - The in vitro effect of vitamin E and 3 other antioxidants--ethoxyquin, 2
      mercaptoethanol, and ascorbic acid--on proliferation of canine lymphocytes was
      examined. Lymphocytes from 2 groups of dogs given a vitamin E-deficient diet or
      whelped from a bitch fed such a diet were cultured with pooled samples of serum
      from dogs fed a vitamin E-deficient diet or whelped from a bitch fed such a diet,
      or normal canine serum, and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Added vitamin E
      enhanced the responsiveness in serum from the dogs with vitamin E deficiency, but
      not in normal canine serum. A similar effect was noted with added ethoxyquin and
      2-mercaptoethanol. Ascorbic acid had no effect on proliferation in either serum
      pool. These results indicated that depressed lymphocyte responsiveness seen with
      serum from vitamin E-deficient dogs may, at least in part, be due to a loss of
      antioxidant activity in this serum.

PMID- 6824222
TI  - Effects of carbon monoxide exposure on pregnant sows and their fetuses.
AB  - Miniature and domestic sows at 108 to 110 days of the gestation were exposed to
      atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations of 150 to 400 ppm for 48 to 96
      hours. Overall stillbirth rates were 6.7%, 34.8%, 42.3%, and 80.0% in the sows
      exposed to CO in concentrations of 200, 250, 300, and 350 ppm, respectively. A
      significant linear relationship was determined between these concentrations of CO
      and the resultant maternal carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration (P less than
      0.01). The frequency of stillbirth increased significantly when maternal COHb
      concentration exceeded 23% saturation of hemoglobin. The COHb concentrations in
      new-delivered pigs (cesarean section) were greater than maternal COHb
      concentrations by 3 to 22%. Common gross lesions in stillborn pigs were cherry
      red discoloration of the subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and viscera and
      accumulation of a large volume of serosanguineous pleural effusion. Hypoxic
      ischemic leukoencephalopathy was found in new-delivered pigs from 3 of 14
      litters. Lesions included focal leukoencephalomalacia, glial-vascular
      proliferation, multifocal hemorrhage, and vacuolation of the neuropile. Many
      extramedullary hematopoietic centers were present in liver sections.

PMID- 6824223
TI  - Vaccination of pony foals with M-like protein of Streptococcus equi.

PMID- 6824226
TI  - Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and behavioral effects of caffeine in horses.
AB  - Caffeine (4 mg/kg) was given by rapid IV injection to 4 horses. Plasma
      concentrations of the drug peaked at 10 micrograms/ml and decreased rapidly at
      first, and then more slowly, with an apparent beta-phase half-life of 18.2 hours.
      Urinary concentrations of caffeine were remarkably consistent at about 3 times
      plasma values of the drug. Caffeine was detectable in both plasma and urine of
      the horses for up to 9 days after dosing. After oral administration, caffeine was
      absorbed poorly with an apparent bioavailability of 39%. Although blood
      concentrations of caffeine peaked rapidly after oral administration, its apparent
      plasma half-life by this route was about 42 hours. These observations identify
      the possible existence of a slowly absorbed pool of caffeine in the
      gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. When caffeine-treated horses
      were given fentanyl, the locomotor response to fentanyl was enhanced. This
      potentiation of the fentanyl response peaked at between 0 and 4 hours after
      dosing and was gone by 72 hours after caffeine dosing. The data indicate that the
      probability of behavioral stimulation due to caffeine by 72 hours after dosing
      may be small.

PMID- 6824225
TI  - Thermographic evaluation of corticosteroid efficacy in amphotericin B-induced
      arthritis in ponies.

PMID- 6824227
TI  - Absorption in calves of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline given in
      milk replacer, water, or an oral rehydration formulation.
AB  - Oxytetracycline, amoxicillin or ampicillin suspended in milk replacer, water, or
      a glucose-glycine-electrolyte solution (GGES) was orally given to calves (n =
      64). Oxytetracycline suspended in milk replacer gave lower relative
      bioavailability than when suspended in water (P less than 0.01) or in GGES (P
      less than 0.001). Seemingly, the 63% binding (only partly reversible) of
      oxytetracycline suspended in milk replacer was responsible for low serum
      concentrations, whereas the greater water absorption from the GGES was
      responsible for improved uptake of antibiotic. Amoxicillin suspended in milk
      replacer had a delayed absorption, compared with that suspended in water, but the
      relative bioavailabilities from milk replacer and water were similar. In
      contrast, peak serum concentration and bioavailability were higher (P less than
      0.05) when amoxicillin was suspended in GGES than when suspended in water.
      Binding of amoxicillin with milk replacer was comparatively low (16%) and was
      reversible. Ampicillin suspended in GGES gave a higher peak serum concentration
      (P less than 0.05) than when suspended in milk replacer. It, therefore, appeared
      that these antibiotics were more bioavailable when suspended in GGES than when
      suspended in water or especially in milk replacer. Oxytetracycline was bound
      particularly strongly to milk replacer.

PMID- 6824228
TI  - Comparison of inactivated Newcastle disease viral vaccines containing different
      emulsion adjuvants.
AB  - Chickens inoculated with inactivated-virus Newcastle disease vaccines containing
      different emulsion adjuvants were challenge exposed with viscerotropic velogenic
      Newcastle disease virus. Adjuvant activity was evident in all of 9 vaccines
      containing mineral oil emulsion (OE), but was not evident in 2 vaccines which
      contained a metabolizable lipid emulsion (LE) adjuvant consisting of peanut oil,
      glycerol, and lecithin. Serologic responses of chickens inoculated with OE
      vaccines were 10- to 100-fold higher than those of chickens inoculated with LE
      vaccines. One of 106 chickens given OE vaccine, 12 of 24 given LE vaccine, and
      all of 24 nonvaccinated control chickens were clinically affected or died after
      challenge exposure. Five OE vaccines emulsified only by brief vigorous shaking
      had adjuvant activity similar to 4 OE vaccines emulsified by conventional
      homogenization.

PMID- 6824229
TI  - Congestive cardiomyopathy induced in ducklings fed graded amounts of
      furazolidone.
AB  - Newly hatched male White Pekin ducklings (n = 119) were allotted to 7 groups of
      17 each and fed furazolidone (FZ) at dose levels of 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1,000,
      and 1,250 mg/kg of feed for 4 weeks. The frequency and severity of clinical signs
      of FZ toxicosis, including growth retardation, ascites, and mortality, were dose
      related. At necropsy, the affected ducklings had ascites, hydropericardium, and
      biventricular dilatation. The frequencies of cardiomyopathy, ascites, and
      mortality, respectively, for the several dose levels of drug were as follows: 0,
      100, and 250 mg of FZ/kg of feed--0%, 0%, 0%; for the 500 mg/kg level--35%, 12%,
      0%; for the 750 mg/kg level--100%, 53%, 18%; for the 1,000 mg/level--79%, 57%,
      57%; and for the 1,250 mg/kg level--33%, 20%, 73%. Ducklings with FZ-induced
      congestive cardiomyopathy had decreased left ventricular free wall and
      ventricular septal thickness, increased left ventricular chamber diameter,
      increased left ventricular dilatation score, decreased absolute heart weight, and
      increased relative heart weight. Cardiac histopathologic changes were minimal;
      some ducklings had myocytolysis. Liver and lungs were congested. Furazolidone
      induced cardiomyopathy in ducklings offers a model for studies of congestive
      cardiomyopathy in a species that is free from the hereditary cardiomyopathy
      ("round heart disease") seen in turkeys.

PMID- 6824231
TI  - Pathologic features of leptospirosis in hamsters caused by Leptospira interrogans
      serovars hardjo and szwajizak.

PMID- 6824233
TI  - Negative impact of routine postreconstructive intraoperative angiography in lower
      extremity revascularization.

PMID- 6824230
TI  - Postadulticide changes in Dirofilaria immitis-infected Beagles.

PMID- 6824232
TI  - Presidential address. 'Get thee to thy easel'.

PMID- 6824234
TI  - Amaurosis fugax and transient ischemic attacks secondary to proximal carotid
      artery lesions.

PMID- 6824235
TI  - Predicting significant atherosclerosis of the carotid artery.
AB  - In addition to the usual history and examination, a three-part noninvasive study
      has been used to evaluate patients for significant arteriosclerosis obliterans
      extracranial at our institution. Of the patients having these tests during a 24
      month period, 98 patients had a Doppler supraorbital flow examination, carotid
      phonoangiography, and oculopneumoplethysmography followed by extracranial
      cerebrovascular angiography. The initial interpretation of the noninvasive study
      and the arteriograms were reviewed retrospectively. Comparison of the initial and
      retrospective interpretation of the noninvasive studies and the arteriograms
      showed that most patients had multiple symptoms recorded and transient
      lateralizing symptoms did not correlate well with positive arteriograms, that
      neither a lesion of 50 per cent stenois or an ulcerative plaque (as expected)
      could be predicted, and that the corrected specificity and sensitivity for this
      small series were 75.3 percent and 95.2 percent, respectively.

PMID- 6824236
TI  - Impedance plethysmography. Noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and
      arterial insufficiency.
AB  - The versatility of impedance plethysmography (IPG) in the diagnosis of arterial
      and venous disease was evaluated in the clinical setting. Eighty-eight
      consecutive patients suspected of acute or chronic deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
      and undergoing ascending venography were evaluated using IPG. Venous capacitance
      (VC) and venous outflow (VO) were expressed as a per cent impedance change (%
      delta I). The evaluation was considered as abnormal if the VC was less than 1.85%
      delta I and the VO less than 0.95% delta I. The overall accuracy was 90 per cent
      with a sensitivity of 92 per cent and specifity of 93 per cent. Arterial blood
      flow (ABF) was measured in normal volunteers (20 limbs) and patients with
      intermittent claudication (20 limbs) and rest pain (16 limbs). Resting ABF
      (cc/100 ml/min) did not differ (P greater than 0.05) in the normal volunteer (4.3
      +/- 0.4) and patients with intermittent claudication (4.6 +/- 0.5), but both were
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than ABF in patients with rest pain (3.2
      +/- 0.2). Peak ABF during reactive hyperemia (RH) was significantly greater (P
      less than 0.001) in normal volunteers (24.8 +/- 1.6) than in claudicators (10.5
      +/- 1.3), and both flows were significantly greater (P less than 0.0001) than the
      peak ABF in patients with rest pain (5.3 +/- 0.5). IPG may be used in the
      assessment of arterial and venous disease. It provides a sensitive test with
      which to screen patients with suspected DVT. In addition, it is a valuable
      adjunct in differentiating normal limbs from those with intermittent claudication
      and/or rest pain.

PMID- 6824237
TI  - The role of real-time B-mode ultrasonography and ocular pneumoplethysmography
      following carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - Real-time B-mode ultrasonography and ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-G) were
      used to evaluate 41 patients (54 arteries) following carotid endarterectomy.
      Thirteen patients had bilateral procedures. Recurrent stenosis was observed in
      three (6%), and postoperative occlusion in three (6%). In one symptomatic
      patient, the origin of an occluded external carotid artery was the source of
      atheroemboli. Only two of the seven patients were symptomatic and three of the
      seven had hemodynamically insignificant stenoses. Of the three patients with
      recurrent stenosis, two had a normal OPG-G and demonstrated the value of
      combinate noninvasive evaluation. The noninvasive diagnosis in these two cases
      was based on B-mode ultrasonography. Of the three postoperative occlusions, one
      had a normal OPG-G. Since the OPG-G cannot distinguish stenosis from occlusion, B
      mode ultrasonography was necessary to demonstrate the presence of an occluded
      internal carotid artery and the absence of internal carotid flow in each case. B
      mode ultrasonography also permitted the identification of several characteristic
      postoperative findings. An intimal shelf was often observed, corresponding to the
      proximal limit of the endarterectomy. Seventy-four per cent demonstrated
      thickening of the arterial wall and 45 per cent were observed to have
      calcification in the area of the endarterectomy. The true incidence of recurrent
      disease following carotid endarterectomy is uncertain, but it probably exceeds
      those estimates based on symptomatic recurrence. Because of the incidence of
      asymptomatic and/or hemodynamically insignificant disease, we recommend the
      routine use of noninvasive studies following carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6824238
TI  - Injuries of hepatic veins and retrohepatic vena cava.
AB  - Three cases of hepatic vein and retrohepatic inferior vena caval injuries are
      reported, and the literature is reviewed. Our experience, coupled with a critical
      review of the literature reveals that successful vascular isolation of the
      relatively inaccessible retrohepatic vena cava and/or hepatic veins is the key to
      optimal surgical management of major injuries to these structures. The various
      shunt techniques have been outlined with special emphasis made to the midline
      sternotomy incision as the incision of choice. This incision not only gives
      optimal exposure to the injured site, but also allows easy atrial-caval
      cannulation. If cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta is necessary, it can be
      easily done via a median sternotomy.

PMID- 6824239
TI  - Current attitudes in the management of thyroid cancer.
AB  - The opportunity to assess the current attitudes of surgeons in the management of
      thyroid cancer was afforded by the responses to a questionnaire that was part of
      a "Questionnaire Course." The majority of the 72 respondents have a conservative
      surgical approach to thyroid cancer, find frozen section useful, recommend total
      thyroidectomy for medullary cancer, seldom or never split the sternum in
      performing thyroidectomy, and recommend visualization of the recurrent laryngeal
      nerves and the parathyroids. Opinions however, are divided on several other
      issues. Forty-two per cent (versus 34%) request ultrasound before removal of a
      "cold nodule." For follicular carcinoma, 44 per cent perform lobectomy with
      isthmustectomy, 29 per cent perform total ipsilateral lobectomy and subtotal
      contralateral lobectomy, and 23 per cent perform total thyroidectomy. Following
      lobectomy for follicular carcinoma, recommended treatments are radioactive iodine
      (25%), thyroid suppression (21%), and total thyroidectomy (48%). For anaplastic
      cancer, 44 per cent perform total thyroidectomy and 40 per cent perform radiation
      therapy. Histologically positive nodes are managed by modified radical neck
      dissection (61%) or by "berry picking" (23%). It is concluded that despite
      agreement on several therapeutic approaches for thyroid cancer, certain
      controversial issues remain unresolved.

PMID- 6824240
TI  - Clinical spectrum of radiation induced pericarditis.
AB  - A series of seven patients diagnosed as having radiation induced pericarditis
      were reviewed and compared to those reported in the literature. They constituted
      6.8 per cent of all patients with the diagnosis of pericarditis seen in a five
      year period. These patients had the diagnosis proven by autopsy or by the absence
      of tumor cells from the pericardial fluid and/or surgical biopsy. The
      echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization were found to be specific diagnostic
      tools. Recommendations are made for a therapeutic approach to these patients. The
      diagnosis of this condition depends on a high index of suspicion, and close
      follow-up of patients who have received intense radiotherapy to the chest.
      Recommendations are made for prophylaxis. We challenge the pessimistic approach
      towards the cancer patient who develops recurrent pericardial fluid or pleural
      effusion due to radiation induced pericarditis. We advocate an aggressive
      diagnostic approach and therapy which should be related to the degree of
      hemodynamic impairment.

PMID- 6824241
TI  - Whither now? Thoughts for a milestone.

PMID- 6824242
TI  - Distribution of colorectal neoplasms. A left to right shift of polyps and cancer.
AB  - A 20-year retrospective review was made of all patients undergoing operative
      procedures for both adenocarcinoma and benign polyps of the colorectum at the two
      teaching hospitals of the University of South Carolina. A total of 1,112 patients
      with adenocarcinoma and 429 patients with benign polypoid disease were
      identified. Classification of each adenocarcinoma according to location showed a
      12 per cent increase in the number of right-sided lesions and a 44 per cent
      decrease in rectosigmoid lesions when compared with historical series. Despite
      this proximal shift, the rate of association of benign adenomatous polyps
      contained in cancer resections (13 per cent) is similar to previous series.
      Furthermore, evaluation of benign adenomatous polyps showed a similar increase of
      proximal colonic lesions and a decrease of rectosigmoid adenomas. The results of
      this retrospective study support the concept that adenocarcinoma is occurring
      with increasing frequency in the right colon. Despite this left to right shift, a
      constant association of benign polyps within cancer resections was found,
      supporting the concept of a polyp-cancer sequence. This study identified a
      similar shift in benign adenomatous polyps alone, supporting the concept that
      benign neoplasias are premalignant and are probably responsible for the increased
      incidence of proximally located colonic adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 6824243
TI  - An argument for increased use of subtotal colectomy in the management of
      carcinoma of the colon.
AB  - Subtotal colectomy (STC) is a safe operation because operative mortality rates
      are as good as, if not better than, conventional segmental colon resections. It
      is no more difficult to perform than conventional segmental resections. Suture
      line complications, such as fecal fistulas and suture line recurrences, are not
      as common before as they are after colocolic anastomoses. In addition to being
      used in cases with known synchronous carcinomas, and carcinoma associated with
      polyps, STC should be considered in selected patients with obstructing or
      partially obstructing lesions of the sigmoid or left colon when complete
      evaluation of the proximal colon has not been possible. STC can be combined with
      a preliminary transverse colostomy for obstructing left colon lesions when
      appropriate evaluation demonstrates suitable indications for the resection of the
      colostomy as a one-stage procedure with ileocolic anastomosis. It also should be
      considered if there is significant distal sigmoidal diverticular disease
      associated with proximal carcinomas. Statistically, STC does not appear to be
      indicated as a prophylactic operation to avoid the development of metachronous
      colon cancer when the entire colon can be surveyed colonoscopically to assure
      that there is no associated neoplasm.

PMID- 6824244
TI  - Neoplasia of the extraperitoneal rectum and anus. The perineal dilemma.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 113 patients with biopsy-proven
      neoplasia of the extraperitoneal rectum and anus occurring between 1970 and 1975.
      Common initial symptoms included bleeding, constipation, and diarrhea; colon
      obstruction was the initial symptom in only ten cases. Adenocarcinoma occurred in
      90 per cent of cases while lesions such as epidermoid cancer, carcinoid, and
      melanoma were encountered rarely. Operative treatment consisted of
      abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 60 cases, colostomy alone in 26 cases,
      anterior resection 13 cases, and electrocoagulation in four cases. Ten patients
      refused operative therapy. Of patients undergoing APR, 7 per cent died in the
      perioperative period. Postoperative morbidity included infection, impotence,
      bladder dysfunction, and perineal complications. The single most important factor
      contributing to this high morbidity was perineal wound management: 34 patients
      managed by the open method sustained a 47 per cent complication rate while the 26
      patients with closed and adequately drained wounds had only a 15 per cent
      complication rate.

PMID- 6824246
TI  - The "holiday heart": electrophysiologic studies of alcohol effects in alcoholics.
AB  - Although the "holiday heart syndrome," highlighted by rhythm disturbances after
      acute alcohol ingestion, is well known, the potential arrhythmogenic effects of
      alcohol have not been studied. Fourteen patients (two with congestive
      cardiomyopathy) with a history of rhythm disturbances and alcohol consumption
      were studied electrophysiologically. One patient had nonsustained ventricular
      tachycardia, one had nonsustained atrial fibrillation, one had paired ventricular
      responses, and the remainder had no response to the extrastimulus technique.
      After 90 mL of 80-proof whiskey, 10 of the 14 patients developed sustained or
      nonsustained atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Significant prolongation of
      His-ventricular conduction was seen after alcohol intake; this was noteworthy as
      one of the patients had previously shown Mobitz II atrioventricular block after
      acute alcohol consumption. Alcohol in modest doses has the potential to produce
      rhythm disturbances in patients with a history of chronic alcohol consumption and
      heart disease.

PMID- 6824245
TI  - A search for malignant cells in peritoneal fluid from patients with colorectal
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid aids in staging ovarian malignancies
      and in selecting gastric adenocarcinoma patients for intraoperative adjuvant
      chemotherapy. Tissue culture of peritoneal fluid could be potentially valuable in
      confirming cell viability and establishing sensitivity to a variety of anti
      cancer agents. It also could be a more sensitive diagnostic tool than cytologic
      examination alone. We obtained peritoneal fluid specimens from 29 patients at the
      time of celiotomy: 22 had colorectal adenocarcinoma and seven were controls.
      Cytologic examination on a portion of each specimen produced only one positive
      result for malignant cells. Tissue culture of the remainder of the specimens grew
      cells from all but one of the patients with colon cancer; however, their
      morphology was similar to the fibroblasts and mesothelial cells that grew from
      the seven controls. We speculate that these negative results stem from the
      absence or reduced number of tumor cells in the specimens. Without additional
      refinement of our methods of specimen collection and processing, cytologic
      examination and tissue culture of peritoneal fluid from patients with colorectal
      cancer are of minimal value. Nevertheless, we believe that, with the necessary
      refinements, they may eventually become invaluable in the management of these
      patients.

PMID- 6824247
TI  - Evaluation of tamoxifen doses with and without fluoxymesterone in advanced breast
      cancer.
AB  - From a group of 108 female patients with measurable and/or evaluable metastatic
      breast carcinoma, 52 were randomized to receive tamoxifen and 56 to receive
      tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone. The fluoxymesterone dose, given orally twice a
      day, was 7 mg/m2 body surface area. The tamoxifen dose per patient, also given
      orally twice a day, ranged from 2 to 100 mg/m2 body surface area. Eighty-five
      percent of the patients had received previous chemotherapy and 60% previous
      hormone therapy. The complete and partial remission rate was better with the
      tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone regimen (p = 0.016), with remission rates of 15%
      for tamoxifen alone and 38% for the combination. The tamoxifen and
      fluoxymesterone regimen appeared to have higher remission rates in all subsets of
      pretreatment variables. Duration of remission with each regimen was similar, but
      the overall time to treatment failure for tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone was
      longer than for tamoxifen alone (180 versus 64 days, p = 0.01). Median survival
      with the combination was 380 days compared to 330 days for tamoxifen. No
      significant dose-response relationships emerged. Side effects were not different
      between dose levels or regimens except for the androgen effects in the tamoxifen
      and fluoxymesterone combination. These results suggest that there is no major
      dose-response effect for doses ranging from 2 to 100 mg/m2 body surface area
      given twice daily in this largely (94%) postmenopausal pretreated patient group,
      and that the tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone regimen is superior to tamoxifen
      alone.

PMID- 6824248
TI  - D-Lactic acidosis after jejunoileal bypass: identification of organic anions by
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - A 40-year-old man with jejunoileal bypass developed a syndrome of bizarre
      behavior, slurred speech, ataxic gait, and inappropriate affect, associated with
      a metabolic acidosis characterized by an increase in the anion gap. Serum L
      lactate level was normal, but high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectrums of the patient's serum showed a high concentration of lactate. A
      diagnosis of D-lactic acidosis was confirmed by a specific enzymatic assay for D
      lactate. The D-lactic acidosis was cleared using antibiotic therapy, suggesting
      that D-lactate is produced from fermentation of ingested carbohydrate by colonic
      bacteria. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a rapid screening test for
      identifying organic acids in patients with unexplained acidosis. Neuropsychiatric
      symptoms in patients with short bowel syndrome may be associated with D-lactic
      acidosis.

PMID- 6824250
TI  - Primary cardiac amyloidosis: an angiocardiographic clue to early diagnosis.
AB  - Restrictive cardiomyopathy produced by primary cardiac amyloidosis may have a
      clinical syndrome identical to noncalcific constrictive pericarditis. We report
      two patients with amyloidosis and restrictive physiology who had enlarged
      papillary muscles shown on left ventricular angiocardiogram. Rapid volume
      expansion with normal saline failed to produce ventricular filling pressure
      equilibration as in occult constrictive pericarditis. The absence of diastolic
      pressure equilibration and enlarged papillary muscles may permit early diagnosis
      of cardiac amyloidosis.

PMID- 6824249
TI  - The cimetidine-lidocaine interaction.
AB  - Lidocaine is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent whose plasma clearance varies
      with changes in hepatic blood flow. Cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, has
      been shown to decrease hepatic blood flow. To ascertain whether cimetidine
      affected serum lidocaine concentration, we studied 21 patients receiving
      lidocaine infusions and divided them into two groups. Fifteen patients received
      cimetidine, 300 mg every 6 hours, in addition to lidocaine; six patients received
      only lidocaine. In 14 of the 15 patients receiving both lidocaine and cimetidine,
      a rise in serum lidocaine levels was seen, whereas no change was noted in the
      control group. Six of the 15 patients were found to have levels in the toxic
      range and two had symptoms. An additional three patients on lidocaine received
      diphenhydramine, an H1-receptor antagonist. No elevation in serum lidocaine
      levels was noted after administration of diphenhydramine. We conclude that there
      exists an interaction between lidocaine and cimetidine and that the rise in serum
      lidocaine levels may be mediated by cimetidine's inhibition of the H2 receptor.

PMID- 6824252
TI  - Perirectal abscess caused by Legionella pneumophila and mixed anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 6824251
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: response to dantrolene sodium.

PMID- 6824254
TI  - Mumps vaccines. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee.

PMID- 6824253
TI  - Proteinuria: diagnostic principles and procedures.
AB  - Proteinuria has been thought of as the first sign of serious renal disease.
      However, in some patients proteinuria may last for years without other evidence
      of kidney damage, and in other patients it may only be an insignificant and
      transient laboratory finding. The nature and severity of renal involvement in a
      particular patient are often suggested by the clinical picture, and the pattern
      and amount of proteinuria. The physician should use this information in
      evaluating the severity of the patient's disease. An approach for such
      evaluations is offered by briefly reviewing the causes and prognosis of the
      various types of proteinuria and by suggesting steps to take in treating patients
      with increased protein excretion.

PMID- 6824255
TI  - Estrogen replacement therapy: indications and complications.
AB  - Estrogen replacement therapy is one of the most controversial issues in the field
      of reproductive medicine. Indications for its use include hot flashes, vaginal
      atrophy, and risk of osteoporosis. Risk of heart disease may also be an
      indication but this use has not been firmly established. The role of estrogen
      replacement therapy in aging changes of skin needs clarification. Complications
      of therapy include endometrial cancer, breast cancer, hypertension,
      hyperlipidemia, and gallbladder disease. The last three complications presumably
      result from hepatic actions of estrogen replacement therapy.

PMID- 6824257
TI  - Partnerships in patient care: a contractual approach.
AB  - A contractual approach to forming a partnership between doctor and patient is
      presented in both theoretical and practical terms. Four basic contractual
      assumptions underly the doctor-patient relationship: both the doctor and the
      patient have unique responsibilities; the relationship is consensual, not
      obligatory; both doctor and patient must be willing to negotiate; and each must
      gain something in the encounters. Clinical examples are used to show practical
      implications of this model. Although explicit contracts are not needed for all
      patients, a contractual analysis of doctor-patient interactions helps both
      participants share the responsibility for patient care.

PMID- 6824258
TI  - Community-based health care: contradictions and challenges.
AB  - Social contradictions, including uneven economic development and the private
      public duality, make community-based provision of health care difficult. The
      unrestricted expansion of private medical centers has been criticized from
      several perspectives including inadequate coordination of services, high costs,
      and negative effects on urban housing and living conditions. Corporate and
      professional control over health policy, monopolization, and public subsidization
      foster expansion of private institutions. While private facilities enlarge,
      public health-care institutions deteriorate, close, or shift to private
      management. Many clients eligible for care at public hospitals do not receive
      adequate attention in the private sector. Despite their achievements, community
      clinics have problems that threaten their survival. The financial insecurity of
      community clinics is an inherent feature of the private-public duality that
      affects the entire health-care system. Community clinics and public hospitals
      offer a potential for broader organizing and empowerment.

PMID- 6824256
TI  - NIH Conference: Immunoglobulin G Fc receptor-mediated clearance in autoimmune
      diseases.
AB  - The reticuloendothelial system is thought to play an important role in removing
      immune complexes and other immunologically active substances from the circulation
      via interaction with specific cell-surface receptors. The function of the
      reticuloendothelial system in humans with autoimmune diseases was studied in vivo
      by measuring the rate of removal of IgG-coated, radio-labeled autologous
      erythrocytes. Such cells are removed by phagocytic cells of the spleen, and the
      process depends on the presence of an intact IgG Fc fragment. Studies in patients
      with active systemic lupus erythematosus show a profound defect in Fc-receptor
      specific clearance that correlates with disease activity. Patients with other
      autoimmune diseases have defects in Fc receptor functional activity when their
      illness is characterized by tissue deposition of immune complexes. Normal
      patients with HLA-B8/DRw3, an HLA type associated with an increased incidence of
      autoimmune disease, also have an increased incidence of defective Fc receptor
      specific functional activity, suggesting that this defect may predispose patients
      with this haplotype to develop manifestations of immune complex-mediated disease.

PMID- 6824260
TI  - The ST segment during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring.

PMID- 6824261
TI  - Toward an effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6824259
TI  - Beyond medical paternalism and patient autonomy: a model of physician conscience
      for the physician-patient relationship.
AB  - Medical paternalism lies at the heart of traditional medicine. In an effort to
      counteract the effects of this paternalism, medical ethicists and physicians have
      proposed a model of patient autonomy for the physician-patient relationship.
      However, neither paternalism or autonomy are adequate characterizations of the
      physician-patient relationship. Paternalism does not respect the rights of adults
      to self-determination, and autonomy does not respect the principle of beneficence
      that leads physicians to argue that acting on behalf of others is essential to
      their craft. A model of physician conscience is proposed that summarizes the best
      features of both models--paternalism and autonomy.

PMID- 6824262
TI  - Arrhythmias and social drinking.

PMID- 6824263
TI  - Vitamin E reconsidered.

PMID- 6824264
TI  - Urinary sediment in the interpretation of proteinuria.

PMID- 6824265
TI  - Dose in granulocyte transfusion.

PMID- 6824266
TI  - Antabuse for Anturane.

PMID- 6824267
TI  - Chromobacterium violaceum infectious and chronic granulomatous disease.

PMID- 6824269
TI  - Bullous eruption in lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6824268
TI  - Diagnosis of histoplasmosis.

PMID- 6824271
TI  - Correction: Dactinomycin dose.

PMID- 6824272
TI  - Supraglottic laryngectomy: 30 years of experience.
AB  - A review of 467 cases of supraglottic laryngectomy operated during the last 30
      years is presented. Cases have been subdivided into groups according to stage and
      TNM classification. By far the most numerous in this series were T2 cases. No
      cases prevailed over N+ by 4:1. Stage II cases represented about 60% of the
      total. Results are analyzed according to TNM and staging. The average overall 5
      year cure rate is 75%. The influence of factors other than TNM and staging upon
      results is also considered. Supraglottic laryngectomy may be extended to include
      one arytenoid, the base of the tongue, or both, with approximately equal results.
      Practically all cases had en bloc bilateral functional or classic neck dissection
      for threatening or actual lymph node metastases. This may have contributed to a
      higher number of successes. Combined surgery and radiotherapy is occasionally
      indicated, but rarely improves the prognosis of severe cases. Site and type of
      recurrences are considered and their treatment and prognosis are discussed. On
      the basis of the present study the clinical value of supraglottic laryngectomy is
      further assessed.

PMID- 6824273
TI  - Estimating eighth nerve survival by electrical stimulation.
AB  - Determining nerve survival is important in selecting patients for cochlear
      implants, and in predicting outcomes from such implants. In search of a possible
      method we deliberately destroyed nerve fibers (ganglion cells) in 17 cat cochleas
      to produce a range of degenerations. Months later, we electrically stimulated
      these ears (and seven controls) and recorded electrical ABR input-output
      functions. Cats with no surviving ganglion cells showed no ABR activity. Cats
      with 5%-10% surviving cells had ABRs which typically had normal thresholds but
      decreased input-output functions. The suprathreshold slopes of these input-output
      functions reliably predicted ganglion cell survival for all degrees of
      degeneration. Thus, perceptual (or electrical) threshold is a poor indicator of
      nerve survival. Loudness growth (or growth in the electrically-induced auditory
      brainstem response) is a good index of surviving ganglion cells.

PMID- 6824270
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri.

PMID- 6824274
TI  - Interferon and laryngeal papillomatosis. The Iowa experience.
AB  - Preliminary findings are presented from an ongoing clinical trial of 19 patients
      with moderate-to-severe respiratory papillomatosis. The patients were treated
      with partially purified human leukocyte (alpha) interferon; after treatment
      periods ranging from 6 weeks to 12 months, six had no residual disease, seven had
      minimal residual disease, four had moderate disease not requiring rescue
      laryngoscopies, and two had not responded to treatment. No patient had to be
      removed from the study because of drug toxicity. Although these appear to be
      among the best results in the literature to date, we do not know how long
      treatment will be required.

PMID- 6824275
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the laryngeal closure reflex. Implications in the
      sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - A recent study with dogs has defined an age-related period of transient
      hyperexcitability in the laryngeal adductor neurons. This observation suggests
      that age-related neurologic instability of laryngeal mechanisms and abnormal
      laryngeal closure may be a cause of transient upper airway obstruction, inducing
      potentially fatal central apnea that could result in the sudden infant death
      syndrome. Since hyperthermia has been implicated as a cofactor in sudden and
      unexpected infant death, its effect on laryngeal excitability requires
      clarification. This investigation has found that both the latency and threshold
      of the laryngeal adductor reflex decreases during hyperthermia. Thus,
      hyperthermia effectively enhances this reflex during its age-related period of
      hyperexcitability, and is capable of triggering upper airway-induced central
      apnea of sufficient severity to result in death. The effect of temperature on
      latency is attributed to changes in axonal conduction and synaptic transmission
      velocities. Temperature-dependent changes in synaptic transmission are
      hypothesized as the cause of the observed threshold changes.

PMID- 6824276
TI  - Evaluation of three cyanoacrylate glues for ossicular reconstruction.
AB  - We evaluated and compared the separate effects of ethyl, isobutyl, and
      fluoroalkyl cyanoacrylate on the promontory mucosa and surgically disarticulated
      incudostapedial joint in the adult cat middle ear. The animals were sacrificed at
      10-, 30-, and 60-day intervals after glue application. All three cyanoacrylates
      elicited a chronic inflammatory response when placed directly on the promontory
      mucosa. The use of ethyl and isobutyl cyanoacrylate resulted in persisting
      discontinuity of the incudostapedial joint with erosion of the incus. Fluoroalkyl
      cyanoacrylate maintained incudostapedial continuity without ossicular erosion.
      Ethyl and isobutyl cyanoacrylate are probably not appropriate for middle ear
      surgery. The less toxic fluoroalkyl cyanoacrylate may be useful as an ossicular
      adhesive in selected cases. Our findings are further contrasted with those
      obtained in similar studies with methyl and butyl cyanoacrylate. The effects of
      each of the five cyanoacrylates are reviewed in the continuing search for a safe
      and effective ossicular adhesive.

PMID- 6824277
TI  - Temporal bone histopathology associated with occlusion of vertebrobasilar
      arteries.
AB  - We have presented the histological findings in the inner ear of a patient who
      experienced occlusion of the vertebral and basilar arteries 17 days before death.
      A large infarction was observed in the medulla and pons on the right side. There
      was severe degenerative change in the right membranous labyrinth as well as in
      the right cochlear and vestibular nerves, which was presumably caused by ischemia
      from occlusion of the right labyrinthine artery. The organ of Corti and sensory
      epithelia of the vestibular labyrinth showed the most advanced state of
      degeneration. The histopathological appearance was similar to that observed in
      the subacute stage following obstruction of the labyrinthine arteries in animal
      experiments.

PMID- 6824278
TI  - Differential facial nerve function in tumors of the internal auditory meatus.
AB  - Fifty-five consecutive cases of neoplastic involvement of the internal auditory
      meatus resulting in ipsilateral retrocochlear auditory dysfunction were reviewed.
      The majority of these tumors (89%) were solitary schwannomas of the eighth nerve.
      Eleven percent were other tumors. Preoperative facial paralysis was unusual in
      eighth nerve schwannomas (6.1%) and much more common in other tumors (66.6%).
      These data tend to suggest that facial paralysis preoperatively increases the
      probability that the tumor is other than an eighth nerve schwannoma. Furthermore,
      facial paralysis resulting from an eighth nerve schwannoma indicates a poorer
      prognosis for ultimate facial nerve function. The small numbers in this series,
      though far from conclusive, suggest that normally functioning facial nerves may
      be infiltrated by eighth nerve schwannomas. Failure of eventual recovery of
      facial nerve function in the postoperative period may suggest tumor infiltration.

PMID- 6824279
TI  - Subclavian vein thrombosis secondary to chronic otitis media. A case report.

PMID- 6824280
TI  - Malignant transformation of adenolymphomas.

PMID- 6824281
TI  - Brainstem conduction abnormalities in spasmodic dysphonia.
AB  - Twelve spasmodic dysphonia patients were evaluated by three different auditory
      brainstem response parameters; 75% were abnormal. Three of the 12 had prolonged
      wave I-V interpeak latency. Seven had pathologic wave V latency shifts at a high
      stimulus rate. Amplitude ratios were normal for all subjects. The authors
      hypothesize that spasmodic dysphonia is a disorder of variable cranial nerve
      symptom presentations, and offer several possible models to account for its
      sporadic representation in the nervous system.

PMID- 6824282
TI  - Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus as a cause of dysphagia.

PMID- 6824283
TI  - Evaluation of the negative pressure suction method in the cytodiagnosis of
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - A special device for collecting exfoliative cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      diagnosis by negative pressure suction method is recommended. This device
      consists of a metallic suction tube with a round tip and a modulator which is
      connected to a suction pump; it passes via the oral cavity into the nasopharynx
      to collect exfoliative cells. From March 1973 to July 1977, 824 out-patients were
      examined with cytology and biopsy in our hospital. Of these, 481 cases were
      confirmed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Among them, 431 were cytology-positive;
      453 cases were biopsy-positive. The positive cytology rate was 89.6% and the
      positive biopsy rate was 94.2%.

PMID- 6824284
TI  - Morphological alterations affecting the microvasculature in nasal allergy.
AB  - The fine structure of human nasal blood vessels was studied in 15 nasal allergic
      patients. Biopsies were taken at different stages after provocation. In the early
      stage (two minutes after provocation), characteristic alterations of capillaries
      and venules were congestion, gap formation between two endothelial cells, and
      swollen vascular endothelial cells. Evidence of locally increased vascular
      permeability and congestion causing mucosal edema was found. In the late stage
      (20 minutes after provocation), evidence of congestion disappeared. Vascular
      dilatation and marked interendothelial cell gaps were observed. In both
      perivascular space and sometimes in intravascular space, degranulated eosinophils
      were observed, suggesting that not only histamine but also lysosomal enzymes in
      eosinphil granules may be involved in causing increased vascular permeability.

PMID- 6824285
TI  - Comparison of subjective and radiological findings during the course of acute
      maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - Some of the most common symptoms and signs of acute maxillary sinusitis were
      graded and compared with the radiological findings during the course of the
      disease. Four different treatment modes were used in 176 patients. The
      radiological and the subjective findings did not differ among the groups, which
      consequently were evaluated as an entity. The radiographic results demonstrated
      that the healing course during the first 15 treatment days follows an even
      regression line. The subjective findings show a more marked improvement during
      the first five days than subsequently, and also a more rapid initial improvement
      than radiography shows. The cough symptom showed the slowest recovery
      subjectively and also compared most closely with radiological findings. Patients
      with sinusitis which did not show an initial healing radiographically also had
      more marked symptoms the fifth day, and vice versa: patients who showed less than
      average healing subjectively also showed a slower healing radiographically.

PMID- 6824287
TI  - Psychological problems of the deaf.

PMID- 6824286
TI  - Mucociliary flow in the canine frontal sinus.
AB  - The mucociliary flow in the frontal sinus of dogs is in a spiral pattern from
      medial to lateral. The final evacuation of mucus is through the ostium positioned
      anteriorly. Mucus flow rate is most rapid in the areas of the ostium and slowest
      in the area of the intersinus septum. Mucus flow patterns remain the same despite
      removing the intersinus septum and blocking one frontal sinus ostium. Mucociliary
      flow rate, however, appears to be diminished in the reoperated frontal sinus.
      Mucus does not appear to migrate readily across the intersinus septal areas when
      the septum has been removed and one nasofrontal duct is obstructed.

PMID- 6824288
TI  - Sarcomas of the larynx. Report of ten cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic findings of 10 laryngeal sarcomas (8 fibrosarcomas
      and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) are reported. These cases constituted 0.02% of the 4,717
      patients with carcinoma histologically verified at Faculty of Medicine in
      Istanbul from 1934 to 1980. Analysis of laryngeal fibrosarcomas reveals that they
      are more frequently seen in the fourth and fifth decades, while rhabdomyosarcomas
      of the larynx are rather tumors of childhood. They are generally less
      infiltrating than carcinomas and tend to grow as polypoid masses. Metastases are
      rare but recurrences are frequently seen.

PMID- 6824289
TI  - Vocal fold paresis in Shy-Drager syndrome.
AB  - Twelve patients with Shy-Drager syndrome (SDS) presenting symptoms of multiple
      nervous system atrophy and orthostatic hypotension were examined for laryngeal
      movement disorders and vocal impairment in speech. Vocal fold abductor paresis
      was found in 11 patients and was bilateral in 10. Speech task performance was
      recorded in SDS patients, Parkinson patients and age- and sex-matched controls.
      Trained listeners with inter-rated reliability greater than or equal to .85
      judged each recording on 20 attributes while blind to speaker identity. SDS
      patients had a breathy and strained voice quality, reduced loudness, monopitch
      and monoloudness, imprecise consonants, variations in rate and rate-slowing,
      suggesting a flaccid type of dysarthria. In comparison with Parkinson patients,
      SDS patients had excess vocal hoarseness, intermittent glottal fry and a slow and
      deliberate speaking rate. Orthostatic hypotension, laryngeal stridor, hoarseness,
      intermittent glottal fry and slow speech rate were found to be discriminating
      symptoms of SDS.

PMID- 6824291
TI  - Medical manpower and the career structure.

PMID- 6824293
TI  - 'Out of this nettle...'.
AB  - The importance of standardisation of all types of apparatus used by the
      anaesthetist for the safety of the patient-a matter of particular concern to
      Joseph Thomas Clover-is emphasized. The various organisations national and
      international, undertaking the production of standards are detailed and their
      mode of operation and the difficulties encountered in their work are described.
      Some of their achievements in the field of anaesthetics are listed.

PMID- 6824292
TI  - Percentage malignant involvement: a new concept in staging of breast cancer.
AB  - All the recognised systems of clinical staging of breast cancer have failed to
      provide reliable prognostic estimates of survival since they do not accurately
      reflect the pathological extent of the disease. In this prospective study of 52
      female patients with established primary breast cancer we have measured the
      percentage neoplastic involvement of the breast at the time of mastectomy. This
      correlated well with the histological axillary node status, the subsequent
      development of overt metastatic disease, and survival during a follow-up period
      of 28-54 months.

PMID- 6824294
TI  - An open comparison between routine and self-administered postoperative pain
      relief.
AB  - Patients receiving staff-administered analgesics after upper abdominal surgery
      had higher pain scores than similar patients having self-administered analgesics,
      but this was associated with a considerably smaller average amount of analgesic
      given. This survey was subject to observer and patient bias and it was necessary
      to use 'pethidine equivalents' to enable comparisons to be made between drugs
      with effects of different duration; thus the striking differences in pain scores
      and grades can be considered indicative only. They nevertheless support the
      continued investigation of on-demand systems and make a strong case for a double
      blind controlled trial.

PMID- 6824290
TI  - Primary squamous cell carcinomas of major salivary glands.
AB  - Primary squamous cell carcinomas of the major (parotid and submandibular)
      salivary glands are uncommon neoplasms. Statistics contrary to that statement are
      tainted by the inclusion of mucoepidermoid carcinomas and, in the instance of the
      parotid gland, by metastatic carcinomas. The true frequency is less than 1% of
      all tumors in the parotid gland and approximately 4% for the submandibular gland.

PMID- 6824295
TI  - Limb preservation in the treatment of bone tumours.
AB  - The treatment of primary malignant tumours of bones by resection and prosthetic
      replacement is discussed in relation to more conventional treatment by
      amputation. Removal of the hemipelvis with preservation of the limb is suggested
      as an alternative for some patients who hitherto might have been regarded as only
      suitable for hindquarter amputation.

PMID- 6824296
TI  - Wound infection after cholecystectomy: a case for routine prophylaxis.
AB  - Wound infection after cholecystectomy is a not uncommon problem. A retrospective
      study of 227 cholecystectomies showed the incidence to be 15% when
      cholecystectomy alone was performed and 30% when a duct exploration was carried
      out without prophylactic antibiotics. These incidences were reduced to 3.6% and
      3.4% respectively when prophylactic antibiotics were used. Though it has been
      possible to identify a high-risk group of patients, a truly low-risk group is not
      readily identifiable. It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics should be
      given to all patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

PMID- 6824298
TI  - Iatrogenic spinal accessory nerve palsy.
AB  - Four patients were referred to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital with
      iatrogenic accessory nerve palsy because their symptoms were severe enough to
      warrant surgical treatment. The definitive diagnosis was made several months
      after the initial procedure, when wasting of the trapezius and shoulder
      dysfunction became apparent. The reasons for this delay are discussed along with
      prophylaxis and surgical technique of treatment. Less significant degrees of
      paralysis manifest themselves on return to activity in which the hands are
      required to be above shoulder level. Electromyograms in these cases will confirm
      the diagnosis (1).

PMID- 6824299
TI  - Subcutaneous bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after herniorrhaphy.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of bupivacaine around the wound was used to provide
      postoperative analgesia in patients who had undergone herniorrhaphy. This proved
      to be an effective means of providing postoperative pain relief with no unwanted
      general or local effects.

PMID- 6824297
TI  - Rectocolectomy with anal conservation in inflammatory colitis.
AB  - Eleven patients with inflammatory colitis underwent total colectomy and rectal
      excision with conservation of the anus. This is a lesser procedure than
      proctocolectomy and achieves total extirpation of diseased large-bowel mucosa.

PMID- 6824300
TI  - Plain bupivacaine 0.5%: a preliminary evaluation as a spinal anaesthetic agent.
AB  - Three hundred and forty consecutive patients received successful spinal
      anaesthesia with 0.5% plain bupivacaine. A small randomised study of 40 of these
      cases showed little difference between 3.5 and 3 ml; however, analysis of its use
      in 200 patients receiving 3.5 ml (mean block T10.5 +/- 1 segment) and 100
      receiving 3 ml (T10 +/- 0.5 segment) confirmed the impression that the smaller
      volume produced a more limited range of segmental block, which was desirable
      notably in the over-70-year age group. The main complications were hypotension
      (14.1%) and headache (1.5%).

PMID- 6824303
TI  - Aging attitudes to home accidents.
AB  - Twenty-six people over the age of 65 living in Exeter and Seaton (Devon) were
      interviewed to determine their attitudes to prevention of home accidents. All had
      positive attitudes to accepting advice. The majority preferred a familiar person
      to give the advice.

PMID- 6824302
TI  - Aspects of treatment at the Zhejiang Medical College, China. Pedicle auto
      transplantation of the adrenal gland in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Cushing's syndrome due to hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex can be treated by
      total adrenalectomy with one of the adrenal glands transplanted with a vascular
      pedicle to an easily accessible site. If the symptoms persist or recur after the
      operation, superfluous transplanted gland can be partially resected under local
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 6824301
TI  - Aspects of treatment at the Zhejiang Medical College, China. An operation for
      recurrent pigment gallstones--subcutaneous choledocho-jejunostomy.
AB  - In China recurrent pigment gall stones are common and may cause acute obstructive
      suppurative cholangitis. A partial solution to this problem is the creation of a
      new anatomical arrangement whereby recurrent gall stones can be easily and safely
      removed.

PMID- 6824305
TI  - Solo surgeon.
AB  - Any solo surgeon will face considerable challenges in organising his work as a
      surgeon, and such a surgeon's role in isolated communities deserves better
      recognition.

PMID- 6824304
TI  - Thomas's splint with adjustable ring.
AB  - A Thomas's splint with an adjustable ring has been devised with a stainless steel
      hose clip, which can be adjusted up to 5 or 7.5 cm, attached on the lateral side
      and a hinge attached on the medial aspect of the anterior half of the ring. Thus
      when there is swelling in the upper part of the thigh the ring can be widened and
      when it goes down the ring can be tightened again so that it remains an exact
      fit. This prevents pressure sores developing and avoids cutting the ring in order
      to relieve pressure from swelling.

PMID- 6824306
TI  - Selecting surgical chairmen or playing golf with matchsticks.

PMID- 6824307
TI  - Thyroidectomy: is Lugol's iodine necessary?

PMID- 6824309
TI  - Exteriorisation resection of the colon.

PMID- 6824308
TI  - Radical surgery for pilonidal sinus.

PMID- 6824310
TI  - Arterial and transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement during hypotensive
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 6824311
TI  - A time-saving but effective approach to the follow-up of patients after curative
      surgery for carcinoma of the large bowel.
AB  - The traditional methods of follow-up of patients after curative surgery for large
      bowel carcinoma have been shown to be time-consuming but largely ineffectual. A
      new approach is proposed which utilises laboratory investigations. A plea is made
      for controlled trials of cytotoxic regimens in patients with proven recurrent
      disease.

PMID- 6824312
TI  - Influence of spatial and temporal variations on organic pollutant biodegradation
      rates in an estuarine environment.
AB  - The influence of spatial and temporal environmental variations on rates of
      organic pollutant biodegradation were assessed by using heterotrophic uptake
      kinetics. These studies were conducted at three sites, representing the gradient
      from freshwater to estuarine to marine systems. Of the compounds tested, total
      uptake Vmax rates decreased in the order of nitrilotriacetic acid, m-cresol,
      chlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. In general, the freshwater site
      exhibited the highest uptake rates, with somewhat lower rates at the estuarine
      site. Rates at the marine site were much lower than at the other sites, except
      during the winter. Metabolic rates at both the freshwater and estuarine areas
      were significantly decreased during periods of low water temperature. Rates at
      the marine site were relatively uniform throughout the year. Linear regression
      analysis was used to compare m-cresol biodegradation rates to characteristics of
      the microbial community, which included direct microscopic counts, CFU counts,
      and cellular incorporation of amino acids. The observed rates did not
      consistently correlate well with any of the measured characteristics of the
      microbial community.

PMID- 6824313
TI  - Improved procedure for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from meats.
AB  - A 1- to 3-day enrichment-KOH postenrichment procedure was evaluated and found to
      be as effective in recovering Yersinia enterocolitica from meats as a 14- to 21
      day cold enrichment procedure, with or without KOH postenrichment. The shortened
      procedure consists of enriching 1.0- and 25-g samples of meat in phosphate
      buffered saline (pH 7.2) at 25 degrees C. After incubation (48 and 72 h for 1.0-g
      samples and 24 and 48 h for 25-g samples); 0.5-ml portions of enrichment culture
      were treated with 4.5 ml of 0.25% KOH-0.5% NaCl for 2 min and 0.5% KOH-0.5% NaCl
      for 15 s, and 0.1-ml portions of treated culture were plated onto MacConkey or
      CIN agars or both. The procedure effectively recovered 2 to 12 cells of a number
      of both mouse-virulent and avirulent strains per g of ground beef with aerobic
      plate counts of approximately 10(6) to 10(7) CFU/g. Similarly, the procedure
      isolated both likely virulent and avirulent strains from porcine tongues (aerobic
      plate counts of 10(5) to 10(7) CFU/g) naturally contaminated with Y.
      enterocolitica. The organism was isolated from the tongues at similar rates by
      both shortened enrichment and cold enrichment procedures. Eight tongues were
      positive for serotype O:5,27 strains that agglutinate with WA-specific absorbed
      antiserum, an antiserum specific for mouse-virulent Y. enterocolitica (Doyle et
      al., Infect. Immun. 37:1234-1240, 1982), indicating that the oral cavity of swine
      is a reservoir of likely virulent serotype O:5,27 strains.

PMID- 6824315
TI  - Serological method for identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from marine
      samples.
AB  - Use of agglutination with antiserum against lateral flagella (H-agglutination)
      for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied. Sucrose-negative
      bacteria were isolated from seawater, and their characterization was carried out
      by traditional biological tests and slide agglutination with antiserum specific
      to lateral flagella of V. parahaemolyticus. Of 135 strains isolated, 78 were
      identified as V. parahaemolyticus by biological tests and were agglutinated with
      the above serum. Fifty-five strains did not agglutinate with the serum, and their
      biological characteristics were different from those of V. parahaemolyticus. Two
      strains also differed from V. parahaemolyticus in some biological characteristics
      but agglutinated with the antiserum. All clinically isolated V. parahaemolyticus
      strains also agglutinated with the above serum. These results suggest that our
      serological method is useful for the identification of V. parahaemolyticus,
      especially for samples in which there are many organisms related to V.
      parahaemolyticus, because many biological tests can be omitted.

PMID- 6824314
TI  - Cooperative formation of omega-muricholic acid by intestinal microorganisms.
AB  - Three anaerobic bacteria, isolated from the ceca of rats and mice, converted,
      through a concerted mechanism, beta-muricholic acid, the predominant bile acid in
      germfree rats, into omega-muricholic acid. One isolate was a Eubacterium lentum
      strain; the second and third isolates were tentatively identified as atypical
      Fusobacterium sp. strains. The conversion of beta-muricholic acid into omega
      muricholic acid proceeded in two steps: E. lentum oxidized the 6 beta-hydroxyl
      group of beta-muricholic acid to a 6-oxo group, which was reduced by either of
      the two other species to a 6 alpha-hydroxyl group, yielding omega-muricholic
      acid. This transformation occurred both in vitro and in gnotobiotic rats.
      Monoassociation of germfree rats with the E. lentum strain gave rise to an
      unidentified fecal bile acid, probably a derivative of beta-muricholic acid
      having a double bond in the side chain.

PMID- 6824316
TI  - Chlorine demand and inactivation of fungal propagules.
AB  - Conidia of filamentous fungi, vegetative yeast cells, and coliform bacteria were
      tested to determine their chlorine demand and their sensitivity to chlorine
      inactivation. Levels of chlorine demand for the various conidia, yeast, and
      coliforms were, respectively, 3.6 x 10(-9) to 3.2 x 10(-8), 1.2 x 10(-9) to 8.0 x
      10(-9), and 2.5 x 10(-11) to 6.3 x 10(-10) mg of chlorine per propagule.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that the chlorine demand per propagule increases as
      the number of propagules per milliliter decreases. In general, conidia showed
      greatest resistance to chlorine inactiviation, followed by the yeast and
      coliforms. Inactivation by chlorine was influenced by pH, with inactivation
      (chlorine activity) falling in the order pH 5 > 7 > 8.

PMID- 6824317
TI  - Medium-dependent production of extracellular enterotoxins by non-O-1 Vibrio
      cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio fluvialis.
AB  - Fluid accumulation at 4 h in the intestines of suckling mice enabled us to
      distinguish non-O-1 Vibrio cholerae, V. mimicus, and V. fluvialis clinical
      isolates from environmental isolates. Enterotoxin production was culture medium
      dependent. Filtrates of cultures grown in tryptic soy broth without glucose but
      with added 0.5% NaCl did not exhibit marked enterotoxin activity in the assay.
      Culture filtrates of all clinical strains grown in brain heart infusion broth
      supplemented with 0.5% NaCl induced large amounts of fluid accumulation in mouse
      intestines. However, most environmental strains grown in brain heart infusion
      broth amended as described above were unable to induce fluid accumulation. The
      enterotoxin present in culture filtrates lost activity at 56 degrees C and
      appeared to be distinct from previously described virulence factors, including
      the well-described cholera toxin. The new enterotoxin could represent an
      important virulence mechanism common to all three species.

PMID- 6824318
TI  - Protective effect of adonitol on lactic acid bacteria subjected to freeze-drying.
AB  - The protective effects of glycerol, adonitol, and four other related polyhydric
      alcohols on lactic acid bacteria subjected to freeze-drying were examined. The
      presence of adonitol in the suspending medium markedly protected the viabilities
      of the 12 stains tested. Dulcitol, mannitol, m-inositol, and sorbitol were found
      to provide little or no protection.

PMID- 6824319
TI  - Enhancement of the 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity of a gram-positive intestinal
      anaerobe by flavins.
AB  - The addition of flavins to the growth medium specifically enhanced the 7alpha
      dehydroxylation of bile acids by anaerobically growing cultures of a Eubacterium
      lentum-like intestinal anaerobe, strain c-25, without an increase in cell growth.
      The order of the enhancement of the reaction was flavin adenine dinucleotide >
      flavin mononucleotide >> riboflavin.

PMID- 6824320
TI  - Medium for isolation and differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio
      alginolyticus.
AB  - Trypticase soy agar supplemented with sucrose, sodium chloride, bile salts, and
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride is an improved plating medium for the isolation of
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus from samples of seawater, permitting better
      differentiation of this organism from Vibrio alginolyticus and other bacteria.

PMID- 6824321
TI  - Phytate hydrolysis in rat gastrointestinal tracts, as observed by 31P Fourier
      transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Phytate hydrolysis was followed through rat gastrointestinal tracts by (31)P
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No phytate hydrolysis products were
      detected in the diet, stomach, or small intestine. It was concluded that cecal
      bacteria were responsible for phytate hydrolysis, which continued in the colon
      and fecal pellet.

PMID- 6824322
TI  - Stability of Methanobrevibacter smithii populations in the microbial flora
      excreted from the human large bowel.
AB  - Total anaerobic bacteria and Methanobrevibacter smithii populations were
      enumerated in fecal specimens from two individuals over 10- and 13-month periods.
      The ratio of M. smithii to total anaerobic count varied between the individuals,
      but it was a relatively constant proportion of the large-bowel microbial flora
      within each individual. Neither a barium enema examination of one subject nor a
      radical change in the diet of the other had any long-term effect on the
      methanogen populations.

PMID- 6824323
TI  - Isolation of Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa from a Florida estuary.
AB  - Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa was recently isolated from the estuarine waters of
      Apalachicola Bay, Fla., in areas that are subject to consistent fecal
      contamination and in areas that are remote from any apparent source of
      contamination. The significance of these organisms in the environment has not
      been determined.

PMID- 6824324
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for determining titers of antimycoplasma metabolism
      inhibition antibody.
AB  - A new method for determining titers of antimycoplasma metabolism inhibition
      antibody is described. The assay is performed in microtiter plates as originally
      described, but the endpoint is determined by comparing the absorbances of the
      contents of test and control wells spectrophotometrically at 560 nm.

PMID- 6824325
TI  - Differentiation of Clostridium difficile toxin from Clostridium botulinum toxin
      by the mouse lethality test.
AB  - The mouse lethality test is the most sensitive method for confirming the
      diagnosis of infant botulism. Both Clostridium difficile and Clostridium
      botulinum produce heat-labile toxins which are lethal for mice and can be found
      in the feces of infants. These two toxins can be distinguished from one another
      in this assay when both are present in the same fecal specimen because they
      appear to be immunologically distinct toxins.

PMID- 6824326
TI  - Toxic effects of ochratoxin A and citrinin, alone and in combination, on chicken
      embryos.
AB  - The embryotoxic potential of ochratoxin A and citrinin was studied after
      administering, either subgerminally or intraamniotically, single mounting doses
      of the mycotoxins to chicken embryos on days 2, 3, and 4. The beginning of the
      embryotoxicity dose range was found to be between 0.01 to 0.05 microgram for
      ochratoxin A and 1 to 10 micrograms for citrinin. The maximum response to both
      mycotoxins occurred after administration on day 3. In addition to significant
      growth retardation of fetuses, exencephaly, microphthalmia, cleft beak, reduction
      deformities of the limbs, and abdominal wall and ventricular septal defects were
      encountered on day 8 of incubation. When 4 micrograms of citrinin was constantly
      added to ochratoxin A administered in the dose range of 0.03 to 0.5 microgram, a
      strictly additive effect was seen. It may be supposed that citrinin produced
      together with ochratoxin A in some strains of Penicillium viridicatum Westling
      does not potentiate the clear-cut embryotoxic action of the latter mycotoxin.

PMID- 6824327
TI  - Adenosine transport by cultured glial cells from chick embryo brain.
AB  - The transport of adenosine was studied in pure cultures of glial cells from chick
      embryo brain. In order to avoid complications in uptake measurements due to
      adenosine metabolism, cultures were depleted of ATP by incubation with cyanide
      and iodoacetate prior to addition of [3H]adenosine. Under the 5- to 25-s periods
      used for the transport assay, no adenosine metabolism could be detected. Initial
      rates of adenosine transport under these conditions obeyed the Michaelis-Menten
      relationship with Km = 370 microM and Vmax = 10.3 nmol/min/mg cell protein. ATP
      depletion or elimination of Na+ from the assay medium had no significant effect
      on initial rates of adenosine uptake. However, when assays were carried out under
      conditions of significant adenosine metabolism (10-min uptake in the absence of
      metabolic inhibitors), a high-affinity incorporation process could be
      demonstrated in the glial cells (Km = 12 microM; Vmax = 0.34 nmol/min/mg
      protein). The transport activity expressed in ATP-depleted glial cells was most
      sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and N6
      benzyladenosine. In decreasing order of potency, N6-methyladenosine, 2
      chloroadenosine, inosine, and thymidine also blocked adenosine translocation in
      glial cultures. Thus, adenosine transport by cultured glial cells occurs by means
      of a low-affinity, facilitated diffusion system which is similar to the
      nucleoside transporter in cells of nonneural origin.

PMID- 6824329
TI  - Handling of L-[35S]cystine by cysteamine-pretreated cystinotic and normal
      fibroblasts.
AB  - In short incubations with 0.1 mM L-[35S]cystine in phosphate-buffered saline
      medium, and long incubations with label in complete minimum Eagle's medium with
      Earle salts, cystine-depleted cystinotic cells reaccumulate labeled cystine more
      rapidly than pretreated normal cells. Cysteamine pretreatment of both normal and
      cystinotic cells resulted in an initial increased conversion of exogenous cystine
      to intracellular cysteine. In 24-h incubations in complete medium, cysteamine
      pretreated cells showed enhanced conversion of 0.1 mM L-[35S]cystine to cysteine
      and reduced glutathione. Addition of cycloheximide to the incubation media
      decreased the incorporation of 35S into cellular protein by more than 90% but did
      not affect the accumulation of intracellular labeled cystine in cystinotic cells.
      Therefore, the incorporation and release of cystine from protein is not an
      obligatory source of accumulated cystine and we speculate that there may be early
      extralysosomal entrapment of cystine in cystinotic cells.

PMID- 6824328
TI  - The occurrence of gamma-carboxyglutamate in a protein isolated from ox liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - A calcium-binding protein has been isolated from ox liver mitochondria. The
      purification procedure includes ammonium sulfate fractionation and
      chromatographies on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephadex, respectively. The isolated
      protein contains gamma-carboxyglutamate, has a molecular weight of 59,000, and an
      isoelectric point of about 3.8. By submitochondrial fractionation it was shown
      that the calcium-binding protein is located between the inner and outer
      mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 6824331
TI  - Complexes between mitochondrial enzymes and either citrate synthase or glutamate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Experiments performed in polyethylene glycol and with a divalent crosslinker
      indicate that both mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and aspartate
      aminotransferase can form hetero enzyme--enzyme complexes with either glutamate
      dehydrogenase or citrate synthase. In general, these as previous results indicate
      that complexes with the aminotransferase are favored over those with malate
      dehydrogenase and complexes with glutamate dehydrogenase are favored over those
      with citrate synthase. When the levels of enzymes are low, the only detectable
      complex is between the aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Under these
      conditions, palmitoyl-CoA is required for complexes between the other three
      enzyme pairs, however, palmitoyl-CoA also enhances interactions between glutamate
      dehydrogenase and the aminotransferase. DPNH disrupts complexes with malate
      dehydrogenase and has little effect on those with the aminotransferase, while
      oxalacetate disrupts complexes with citrate synthase but has little effect on
      those with glutamate dehydrogenase. The citrate synthase-aminotransferase complex
      was favored in the presence of DPNH plus malate, which disrupt the other three
      enzyme-enzyme complexes. Glutamate dehydrogenase has a higher affinity and
      capacity than citrate synthase for palmitoyl-CoA. Consequently, lower levels of
      palmitoyl-CoA are required to enhance interactions with glutamate dehydrogenase.
      Furthermore, glutamate dehydrogenase can compete with citrate synthase for
      palmitoyl-CoA and thus can prevent palmitoyl-CoA from enhancing interactions
      between citrate synthase and either malate dehydrogenase or the aminotransferase.

PMID- 6824333
TI  - Synthesis and separation of tritium-labeled intermediates of the shikimate
      pathway.
AB  - [5-3H]Shikimate (sp radioact 2000 Ci/mol) has been synthesized by reduction of
      the methyl ester of 5-dehydroshikimate with NaB3H4 and subsequent hydrolysis of
      the ester group (M. M. Leduc, P. M. Dansette, and R. G. Azerad (1970) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 15, 428-435). The [5-3H]shikimate has been converted enzymatically to [5
      3H]chorismate and [5-3H]prephenate of similar high specific radioactivity by
      using a cell-free extract of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. In addition, a
      chromatographic procedure, which utilizes polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin-layer
      chromatograms, has been developed for the separation of intermediates along the
      shikimate pathway between shikimate and hydroxyphenylpyruvate or phenylpyruvate.
      Since the method allows quantitative measurement of tritium-labeled
      intermediates, it provides the basis for sensitive radioassays of the individual
      enzymes and allows study of the reaction flux along the overall pathway. The same
      intermediates can be separated on a large scale by use of a column of DEAE
      Sephacel.

PMID- 6824330
TI  - The effect of ATP concentration on the rate of actin polymerization.
AB  - It was found that the rate of polymerization of G-actin increased with the
      decrease of ATP concentration. When excess ATP was replaced by chloride through
      anion-exchange treatment, the extent of actin polymerization did not change
      provided that the ionic strength was raised immediately after the treatment. In
      the meantime, the rate of actin polymerization was greatly enhanced after the
      removal of excess ATP. The rate enhancement was much less when both excess Ca2+
      and excess ATP were removed. G-actin with excess ATP replaced by chloride had
      larger light scattering and showed a "catalytic" effect on the polymerization of
      normal G-actin. The inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin B in 100
      mM KCl was much more obvious for G-actin with excess ATP removed than for normal
      G-actin. It is suggested that the reduction of excess ATP concentration in a G
      actin solution increases the binding of weak-affinity Ca2+ and promotes the
      formation of oligomeric actin (actin nuclei).

PMID- 6824332
TI  - The effect of propionate on the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      in the rat liver.
AB  - Propionate inhibited the metabolic flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      reaction in the perfused rat liver when the perfusate concentration of propionate
      was below 10 mM and the perfusate pyruvate concentration was held within the
      physiological range. At higher propionate concentrations (e.g., 20 mM) the
      inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase was alleviated and the activation state of
      the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was nearly doubled. In livers perfused with a
      high pyruvate concentration (e.g., 5 mM), propionate coinfusion at all
      concentrations inhibited the rate of pyruvate decarboxylation. Additional studies
      were performed in liver mitochondria maintained in State 3 where the ATP/ADP and
      the NADH/NAD+ ratios were held constant. Low propionate concentrations (e.g., 0.5
      mM) inactivated the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, whereas
      propionate levels in excess of 1 mM activated the enzyme complex. CoA
      distribution analyses of the mitochondrial incubations indicated that the
      presence of either 0.5 or 10 mM propionate caused a substantial accumulation of
      propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA at the expense of free CoASH. Experiments
      were performed in which the ratios of various acyl-CoA derivatives to CoASH were
      varied by sequentially increasing the L-carnitine concentrations in the
      incubation. An inverse relationship between the propionyl-CoA/CoASH and
      methylmalonyl-CoA/CoASH ratios and the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex was observed. Experiments using freeze-thawed liver mitochondrial
      membranes indicated that propionate protected the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      from ATP-mediated inactivation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. It is our
      contention that the inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex at low
      propionate levels may be due to an increase in the mitochondrial acyl-CoA/CoASH
      ratios, whereas the activation of the enzyme complex demonstrated at high
      propionate levels is due to the inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
      in a manner similar to that caused by pyruvate or dichloroacetic acid.

PMID- 6824334
TI  - Isolation of minax toxins from the venom of the scorpion Buthus minax and their
      metabolic effects.
AB  - Two neurotoxins, minax toxins 1 and 2, were isolated from venom of the scorpion
      Buthus minax from the Sudan. Molecular weights of 7000 and 6800 and 66 and 62
      amino acids were found for minax toxins 1 and 2, respectively. Both toxins
      contain four disulfide bonds, 1 mol each of phenylalanine, histidine, and
      tryptophan, no free sulfhydryl groups, and no methionine. Both minax toxins 1 and
      2 are basic polypeptides with isoelectric points of 8.2 and 9.0, respectively.
      There is a significant increase in the calcium content of rat hearts envenomated
      with minax toxins 1 and 2 or crude venom. This confirms earlier electron
      microscopic findings of calcium deposits in the heart following scorpion
      envenomation. There is a concomitant decrease in the calcium and phosphorus
      content of rat serum following envenomation. It seems that neither scorpion
      toxins nor scorpion venoms affect the mineral metabolism of the bone. The present
      investigation indicates that scorpion toxins have not only a neurotoxic action
      but also broader biological effects such as mineral metabolism.

PMID- 6824335
TI  - Preservation of structural and functional activity in lyophilized sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - Ca-transporting microsomes isolated from abdominal muscle of lobster were
      lyophilized in the presence and absence of trehalose. The dry membranes appeared
      with freeze fracture to collapse into cup-shaped structures embedded in a matrix
      of trehalose when lyophilized in the presence of trehalose. Upon rehydration, the
      dry membranes yielded vesicles that were morphologically indistinguishable from
      freshly prepared ones. These rehydrated vesicles also showed ATPase activity and
      Ca transport only slightly different from those activities in freshly prepared
      vesicles. The concentration of trehalose required to achieve this degree of
      stabilization is about 0.3 g trehalose/g membrane. When the membranes were dried
      at lower trehalose concentrations extensive fusion occurred between vesicles,
      along with lateral phase separations of membrane proteins and lipids. The
      rehydrated vesicles showed poor Ca uptake and coupling between ATPase activity
      and Ca uptake. The membranes may also be stabilized in the dry state by
      lyophilizing them in sucrose, but about three times as much sucrose is required
      as trehalose.

PMID- 6824338
TI  - Effects of SH group reagents on creatine kinase interaction with the
      mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - Solubilization of the specific mitochondrial isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKm)
      from rabbit heart mitochondria by treatment with SH group reagents has been
      studied. From the various compounds tested only the negatively charged
      organomercurials are able to induce an extensive solubilization of the enzyme.
      This effect is fully reversible since the solubilized enzyme readily reassociates
      with the membrane when the bound organomercurial is removed by treatment of the
      homogenate by an excess of dithiothreitol. Solubilization by negatively charged
      organomercurials can be partly prevented by pretreatment of mitochondria with
      either disulfide or uncharged organomercurials. No clear-cut relationship has
      been pointed out when the amount of SH titrated by various reagents has been
      compared with the extent of CKm solubilization. More detailed studies with para
      chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB) show that extensive CKm solubilization (about 75%)
      occurs for pCMB concentration as low as 25 microM, whereas pronounced inhibition
      of the enzyme is observed only for concentrations greater than 200 microM. By
      cross-reassociation of enzyme solubilized either by para-hydroxymercuribenzoate
      (pHMB) or by 20 mM sodium phosphate (NaPi) with mitochondria depleted of CKm by
      pHMB or by NaPi treatment, SH groups whose titration impedes CKm reassociation
      with the mitochondrial membrane have been tentatively located on the enzyme.
      Thus, negatively charged organomercurials, could induce a reversible
      conformational modification of the enzyme which is no longer able to bind on the
      inner mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, our results show that the binding of
      an excess of mitochondrial CK, which has been previously reported, could reflect
      unspecific binding since it occurs only on mitoplasts incubated in very hypotonic
      medium, but not in isotonic medium.

PMID- 6824336
TI  - The biological activity of rat intestinal retinoic acid metabolites in the
      vaginal smear assay.
AB  - Vitamin A-deficient rats were given a single intrajugular injection of 1 mg all
      trans-[11-3H]retinoic acid and 3 h later the rats were killed. The small
      intestines were extracted and chromatographed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography to yield distinct metabolites. These were quantitated using the
      assumption that the specific activity of the metabolite is equal to that of the
      parent [3H]retinoic acid. The biological activity of all discernible metabolites
      was determined in the vitamin A-deficient female rat by vaginal smear assay.
      Retinoic acid and retinoyl-beta-glucuronide from the preparation had equal
      activity while no activity was found for any of the other metabolite fractions.
      Thus, no evidence for an unknown metabolite having potent epithelial
      differentiating activity could be found in this target tissue of vitamin A
      action.

PMID- 6824337
TI  - Synthetic peptide analogs of skeletal troponin C: fluorescence studies of analogs
      of the low-affinity calcium-binding site II.
AB  - Two 12-residue peptides were synthesized by the solid-phase method as structural
      analogs of a Ca2+-binding loop of rabbit skeletal troponin C. The sequence of the
      analogs corresponds to the binding loop of the Ca2+-specific low affinity binding
      site II (residues 63-74) but with two amino acid substitutions. In one analog,
      Phe-72 was replaced by tyrosine. In the other Gly-66 was substituted by serine
      and Phe-72 by tyrosine. The intrinsic fluorescence of the peptides was enhanced
      upon addition of Tb3+ or large excess of Ca2+. From the enhancement of Tb3+
      emission association constants in the range (2-3) X 10(5) M-1 and a binding
      stoichiometry of 1 were determined for Tb3+ binding to the peptides. Large excess
      of Ca2+ displaced Tb3+ from the Tb3+-peptide complexes and from these results
      apparent stability constants of 500-700 M-1 were deduced for Ca2+ binding.
      Preliminary proton nuclear magnetic resonance results on one of the peptides
      indicated that La3+ induced considerable perturbation of the amide proton
      resonances of several residues, including the aspartate at position 3, the
      tyrosine at position 10, and the two glutamates at the C-terminus. The results
      suggest involvement of these residues in cation coordination.

PMID- 6824339
TI  - A kinetic and spectral study of the alkaline transitions of chloroperoxidase.
AB  - The optical spectrum of chloroperoxidase in the near ultraviolet and visible
      region was studied from pH 6 to 12. Chloroperoxidase undergoes a first transition
      which is irreversible at pH 7 and a second transition near pH 11. The second
      transition is reversible provided the incubation period above pH 11 is kept as
      short as possible. The spectral properties of the intermediates were studied in
      the Soret region by means of a rapid scan apparatus. The rates of the transitions
      were measured in a stopped-flow apparatus. The pH dependence of both the spectra
      and the rate constants indicate that at least three ionizations are involved in
      the first alkaline transition.

PMID- 6824340
TI  - Synthesis and accumulation of an extremely stable high-energy phosphate compound
      by muscle, heart, and brain of animals fed the creatine analog, 1-carboxyethyl-2
      iminoimidazolidine (homocyclocreatine).
AB  - A new creatine analog, 1-carboxyethyl-2-iminoimidazolidine (homocyclocreatine),
      has been synthesized and compared with other synthetic analogs of creatine as a
      substrate for creatine kinase under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
      Reactivity with rabbit muscle creatine kinase at 2 mM and pH 7.0 occurred in the
      order: creatine greater than cyclocreatine (1-carboxymethyl-2-iminoimidazolidine)
      greater than N-ethylguanidinoacetate greater than N-propylguanidinoacetate
      greater than guanidinoacetate greater than N-methyl-3-guanidinopropionate greater
      than 3-guanidinopropionate greater than homocyclocreatine. Homocyclocreatine was
      10,000-fold less active than creatine. In the reverse direction at 0.2 mM and pH
      7.0: creatine-P greater than N-ethylguanidinoacetate-P greater than cyclocreatine
      P much greater than homocyclocreatine-P. Homocyclocreatine-P was 200,000-fold
      less active than creatine-P. The phosphoryl group transfer potential of
      homocyclocreatine-P was estimated to be 2 kcal/mol lower than that of creatine-P.
      Chicks fed 5% homocyclocreatine for 16 days synthesized and accumulated
      homocyclocreatine-P in breast muscle (32 mumol/g wet wt), leg muscle (24
      mumol/g), heart (7 mumol/g), intestine (8.5 mumol/g), and brain (2.4 mumol/g).
      During ischemia homocyclocreatine-P was utilized by muscle much more slowly for
      the regeneration of ATP than was creatine-P or cyclocreatine-P. Our results
      suggest that in tissues of homocyclocreatine-fed animals subjected to a sudden
      large increase in work load or to ischemia, the residual creatine-P system would
      rapidly equilibrate with the adenylate system at the new lower cytosolic
      phosphorylation potential, whereas in the same cytosol the (homocyclocreatine
      P)/(homocyclocreatine) ratio would exhibit a hysteresis or memory effect and
      reflect for a considerable period of time the earlier higher (ATP)/(free ADP)
      ratio rather than the actual lower (ATP)/(free ADP) ratio.

PMID- 6824343
TI  - Biosynthesis of lutropin in ovine pituitary slices: incorporation of [35S]sulfate
      in carbohydrate units.
AB  - Sulfate incorporation into carbohydrate of lutropin (LH) has been studied in
      sheep pituitary slices using H2(35)SO4. Labeled ovine LH was purified to
      homogeneity by Sephadex G-100 and carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography from both
      the incubation medium and tissue extract. Autoradiography of the gel showed only
      two protein bands which comigrated with the alpha and beta subunits of ovine LH
      in both the purified ovine LH and the immunoprecipitate obtained with LH-specific
      rabbit antiserum. Furthermore, [35S]sulfate was also incorporated into several
      other proteins in addition to LH. The location of 35SO2-(4) in the
      oligosaccharides of ovine LH was evidenced by its presence in the glycopeptides
      obtained by exhaustive Pronase digestion. The location and the point of
      attachment of sulfate in the carbohydrate unit were established by the isolation
      of 4-O-[35S]sulfo-N-acetylhexosaminyl-glycerols and 4-O-[35S] sulfo-N
      acetylglucosaminitol from the Smith degradation products and by the release of
      35SO2-(4) by chondro-4-sulfatase. Thus, the present line of experimentation
      indicates the presence of sulfate on both the terminal N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylgalactosamine in the oligosaccharide chains of the labeled ovine LH.

PMID- 6824341
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate on protein solubility.
AB  - The effect of covalently attached carbohydrate on the solubility of a number of
      proteins has been examined by the PEG precipitation technique. Both increases and
      decreases in solubility are observed depending on the state of glycosylation, the
      type of protein, and temperature. It is concluded from this data and associated
      apparent thermodynamic parameters that a general role for carbohydrate in the
      solubilization of proteins is not currently experimentally supportable.

PMID- 6824342
TI  - Characterization of lipid-linked octa-, nona-, and decasaccharides formed during
      in vitro synthesis of mammary glycoproteins.
AB  - The lipid-linked octa-, nona-, and decasaccharides, isolated from incubations of
      a membrane preparation from the lactating bovine mammary tissue with GDP
      [14C]mannose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine were subjected to mild acid hydrolysis
      and purified extensively by repeated gel filtration and paper chromatography.
      Structural characterization of the oligosaccharides containing six to eight
      mannose residues linked to an N,N'-diacetylchitobiose unit utilizing digestions
      with alpha-mannosidase, beta-mannosidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, D,
      H, and L, acetolysis, and methylation analysis revealed the presence of several
      isomers within each size species. Supplementation of the incubations with 0.1 mM
      dolichol phosphate reduces the number of isomers within these oligosaccharides;
      the predominant isomers of saccharides from these incubations appear to be
      similar to the saccharides isolated from in vivo preparations of Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.

PMID- 6824345
TI  - Brachioradial pruritus.
AB  - Fourteen patients with brachioradial pruritus are described. In six patients the
      right arm was involved, in three the left arm, and in five both arms. In four of
      five patients so examined there was roentgenographic evidence of cervical
      vertebral osteoarthritis. Although sun exposure may be of etiologic importance,
      some, or perhaps most, cases may be due to nerve injury, either secondary to
      lesions of the cervical spine or perhaps resulting from nerve compression by
      other structures.

PMID- 6824344
TI  - Sequence of a tryptic peptide from the NADPH binding site of the enoyl reductase
      domain of fatty acid synthase.
AB  - Fatty acid synthase from the uropygial gland of goose was inhibited by treatment
      with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate by selectively modifying a lysine residue at the
      NADPH binding site of the enoyl reductase domain (A. J. Poulose and P. E.
      Kolattukudy (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 201, 313-321). Distribution of
      radioactivity in tryptic peptides generated from the synthase treated with
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/NaB3H4 in the presence and absence of 2'
      monophosphoadenosine-5'-diphosphoribose, which protects the enzyme from
      inactivation by pyridoxal phosphate, showed that modification of one specific
      peptide was prevented by the protector. This peptide was purified by a
      combination of Sephadex G-25 column chromatography, anion-exchange
      chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary structure
      of this peptide is Val-Phe-Thr-Thr-Val-Gly-Ser-Ala-Glu-Lys(Pxy)-Arg.

PMID- 6824346
TI  - Apocrine cystadenoma in a child.

PMID- 6824348
TI  - Failure of osmotic diuresis as therapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 6824347
TI  - The 'butterfly' sign. A clue to generalized pruritus in a patient with chronic
      obstructive hepatobiliary disease.

PMID- 6824349
TI  - Transepithelial elimination in papular mucinosis.

PMID- 6824350
TI  - Pulmonary carcinoma and provocative sweat testing.

PMID- 6824352
TI  - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis associated with superficial basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6824351
TI  - Hydroxychloroquine administration in pregnancy.

PMID- 6824355
TI  - Cryotherapy in recurrent herpes simplex.

PMID- 6824354
TI  - Toxic effects of the aromatic retinoid etretinate.

PMID- 6824353
TI  - Goltz's syndrome and wound healing.

PMID- 6824357
TI  - Stimulation of monocyte-mediated, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in mycosis
      fungoides.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by purified blood monocytes were
      determined in untreated patients with plaque-stage mycosis fungoides (MF),
      parapsoriasis en plaques, exfoliating erythroderma, and noncutaneous malignant
      lymphoma. Compared with healthy control subjects and control subjects with
      varicose ulcers, patients with MF had increased monocyte cytotoxicity. In the
      other dermatoses, normal monocyte cytotoxicity was found. Patients with
      noncutaneous malignant lymphoma showed normal or decreased monocyte cytotoxicity.
      There was no evidence that abnormal monocyte cytotoxicity in cutaneous and
      noncutaneous malignant lymphoma were caused by interaction with lymphocytes or
      serum. The presence of increased monocyte cytotoxicity in patients with plaque
      stage MF may be a clinically useful finding when this diagnosis is suspected
      clinically but not proved histopathologically.

PMID- 6824356
TI  - Lymphomatoid papulosis. Case reports and literature review.
AB  - Five new cases of lymphomatoid papulosis are reported. This entity can apparently
      be divided into at least two subtypes. In one group of patients, papulopustular
      lesions resembling those of pityriasis lichenoides develop that resolve
      spontaneously within a few weeks. The lesions contain an epidermotropic dermal
      infiltration composed predominantly of abnormal lymphocytes. The other group of
      patients displays larger, more persistent lesions that contain a
      nonepidermotropic dermal infiltration composed predominantly of histiocytes.
      Lymphoma eventually develops in about 10% of the patients with lymphomatoid
      papulosis.

PMID- 6824358
TI  - Topical steroids and UV radiation in psoriasis.
AB  - This study evaluates the benefits of a potent and midstrength topical steroid
      compared with simple lubricating agents when used in combination with
      erythemagenic doses of sunlamp fluorescent UV irradiation in psoriasis. Twenty
      six patients were studied in a bilateral symmetrical comparison. No significant
      differences were observed between topical corticosteroids and lubricants in the
      number of patients achieving a 75% or greater resolution of psoriasis. Topical
      corticosteroids did not reduce the number of treatments required for clearing. We
      did not observe faster recurrences in sites treated with topical corticosteroids.
      More severe burns and slightly less effectiveness were noted in patients
      irradiated five times weekly compared with three.

PMID- 6824360
TI  - Benzoyl peroxide and epidermal wound healing.
AB  - The effectiveness of 10%, 20%, and 50% benzoyl peroxide in a lotion, 20% benzoyl
      peroxide in a gel, and the effect of the vehicles alone on wound
      reepithelialization were evaluated in young domestic pigs. Twenty percent benzoyl
      peroxide suspension in a lotion base substantially increased the rate of
      reepithelialization by 33% over a seven-day evaluation period. Twenty percent
      benzoyl peroxide suspension in a gel base and 10% benzoyl peroxide suspension in
      a lotion base slightly enhanced epidermal resurfacing, while 50% benzoyl peroxide
      suspension in a lotion base and the vehicle gel retarded healing. Variations in
      the rate of reepithelialization were observed when different lots of 20% benzoyl
      peroxide lotions were compared. Chemical analysis of each of the 20% benzoyl
      peroxide preparations tested disclosed great differences in zinc, magnesium, and
      sodium content.

PMID- 6824359
TI  - Plasma exchange in pemphigus. Uncontrolled study of ten patients.
AB  - Plasma exchange, together with oral immunosuppressive drugs and various doses of
      adrenal steroids, were used in the treatment of ten patients with pemphigus.
      Initially plasma exchange decreased the intercellular antibody (IC Ab) level in
      all patients and induced a clinical improvement in the conditions of eight of ten
      patients. This improvement was sustained for the six patients who received
      simultaneously 0.5 mg/kg/day or more of prednisone. Among the eight patients,
      four previously corticoresistant patients had perfect control of their disease.
      Conversely the other four patients, treated with low doses of prednisone,
      experienced a posttreatment rebound in IC Ab level and showed no or only
      transient clinical improvement. Plasma exchange may be useful in bringing
      corticoresistant pemphigus under control but it is not to be used without
      accompanying high doses of adrenal steroids.

PMID- 6824361
TI  - Unilateral nevoid telangiectatic syndrome. The role of estrogen and progesterone
      receptors.

PMID- 6824363
TI  - Disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection.

PMID- 6824362
TI  - Infundibulomatosis.

PMID- 6824365
TI  - Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy. A congenital and linear variant.

PMID- 6824366
TI  - Relationship of age and menopausal status to estrogen receptor content in primary
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - The cytosolic estrogen receptor (CER) content of 1037 primary breast carcinomas
      was evaluated by sucrose density gradient analysis. Tumor specimens from
      premenopausal patients had significantly lower levels of CER (14.6 +/- 1.5 (mean
      +/- SEM) 8S binding fmole/mg protein) compared with carcinomas from
      postmenopausal patients (57.5 +/- 3.9 fmole/mg protein; p less than 0.001). The
      proportion of specimens with CER levels above threshold values of 3, 7, or 10
      fmoles/mg protein were significantly higher for postmenopausal patients (72%,
      63%, 59%, respectively) than for premenopausal patients (56%, 42%, 36%, p less
      than 0.001). When compared within half-decades, no statistically significant
      differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients were observed for
      mean, median, or rank sums of CER levels (p greater than 0.3). When patients were
      compared by half-decades, both mean and ranked sums of CER levels were
      significantly different (p less than 0.001). The proportion of specimens that
      demonstrated CER levels above a threshold value of 10 fmole/mg protein increased
      sequentially from a low of 13/51 (26%) for patients less than 35 years to a high
      of 60/81 (74%) for patients greater than 75 years.

PMID- 6824368
TI  - Surgical management of vascular ring.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1980, 51 children had an operation for various forms of vascular
      ring. Additional cardiac malformations were present in five patients, and six had
      noncardiac congenital anomalies. Although symptoms started within the first month
      of life in 39 infants, only 16 came to operation under three months of age, and a
      delay of more than six months occurred in 15. Stridor, often life-threatening,
      and recurrent infections were the most common symptoms, but dysphagia was also
      important. The reasons for delay in diagnosis are discussed. Barium swallow
      provided the diagnosis in 44 patients and suggested it in a further four
      patients. Innominate artery compression of the trachea was not diagnosed by
      barium swallow. Operations of various types were performed. Accuracy in diagnosis
      is important because not all patients could be treated through the classic left
      thoracotomy. Severe tracheomalacia was responsible for the only two deaths in the
      series; one of these had tracheostomy performed in the referring hospital, the
      second child also had Fallot's tetralogy. The large majority of the patients have
      done well, 76% being asymptomatic at follow-up. Minimal to moderate stridor
      persists among the remainder to the present time.

PMID- 6824367
TI  - Intraosseous metastatic breast cancer treatment with internal fixation and study
      of survival.
AB  - The treatment of 31 actual or pending pathologic fractures of the long bones with
      open reduction and internal fixation with methylmethacrylate in 25 patients with
      intraosseous metastatic breast cancer is reported. Twenty hips, eight femurs, and
      three humeri were involved. On the basis of Wilcoxon survival curves, average
      life expectancy was unaltered by this treatment. However, relief of pain and
      overall function were significantly improved by rigid internal fixation; 74% of
      results were rated good (23 cases); 13% fair (four cases); and 13% poor (four
      cases). Three patients died within three weeks of operation; the fourth poor
      result was a fixation failure and was repaired with good results. Thus, the
      efficacy and success of open reduction and internal fixation with
      methylmethacrylate were confirmed, even in bones with widespread involvement. The
      procedure is recommended for any patient with fracture or impending fracture of
      the long bones secondary to metastatic breast cancer, as long as that patient's
      predicted survival is greater than six weeks after postoperative recovery.

PMID- 6824364
TI  - Keloidal calcification.

PMID- 6824369
TI  - Energy expenditure in malnourished cancer patients.
AB  - It is widely believed that the presence of a malignancy causes increased energy
      expenditure in the cancer patient. To test this hypothesis, resting energy
      expenditure (REE) was measured by bedside indirect calorimetry in 200
      heterogeneous hospitalized cancer patients. Measured resting energy expenditure
      (REE-M) was compared with expected energy expenditure (REE-P) as defined by the
      Harris-Benedict formula. The study population consisted of 77 males and 123
      females with a variety of tumor types: 44% with gastrointestinal malignancy, 29%
      with gynecologic malignancy, and 19% with a malignancy of genitourinary origin.
      Patients were classified as hypometabolic (REE less than 90% of predicted),
      normometabolic (90-110% of predicted) or hypermetabolic (greater than 110% of
      predicted). Fifty-nine per cent of patients exhibited aberrant energy expenditure
      outside the normal range. Thirty-three per cent were hypometabolic (79.2% REE-P),
      41% were normometabolic (99.5% REE-P), and 26% were hypermetabolic (121.9% REE-P)
      (p less than 0.001). Aberrations in REE were not due to age, height, weight, sex,
      nutritional status (% weight loss, visceral protein status), tumor burden (no
      gross tumor, local, or disseminated disease), or presence of liver metastasis.
      Hypermetabolic patients had significantly longer duration of disease (p less than
      0.04) than normometabolic patients (32.8 vs. 12.8 months), indicating that the
      duration of a malignancy may have a major impact upon energy metabolism. Cancer
      patients exhibit major aberrations in energy metabolism, but are not uniformly
      hypermetabolic. Energy expenditure cannot be accurately predicted in cancer
      patients using standard predictive formulae.

PMID- 6824370
TI  - Response of protein and urea kinetics in burn patients to different levels of
      protein intake.
AB  - The effects of two levels of protein intake on protein metabolism in six severely
      burned adult patients were studied (means of 70% BSA burned). A crossover
      experimental design enabled the authors to study each patient at the end of two
      three-day dietary regimens. All diets were isocaloric and provided approximately
      25% more calories than the measured energy expenditure (means = 40.8 Kcal/kg X
      day). In one regimen, each patient received 2.2 g protein/kg X day, while during
      the other treatment period they received 1.4 g protein/kg X day. The patients
      were studied in the fed state and after 10 to 12 hours of fasting. Leucine
      kinetics were determined by means of the primed-constant infusion of [1--13C]-
      leucine. The authors were able to distinguish the oxidation of plasma leucine
      from the oxidation of leucine derived from intracellular protein at the site of
      the deamination of leucine (predominantly muscle) by simultaneously determining
      both leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid enrichment. Also, rates of whole-body
      protein synthesis and catabolism were calculated from the leucine flux and
      oxidation data. Net protein synthesis was also calculated by means of another
      stable-isotope technique involving the infusion of [15N2]--urea. Finally, a third
      means of estimating net protein catabolism based on urinary N-excretion data was
      used at the same time that the isotopic studies were performed. The 13C leucine
      data and the N-excretion data indicated that a balance between protein synthesis
      and catabolism could be achieved with a protein intake of 1.4 protein/kg X day.
      When protein intake was increased to 2.2 g protein/kg X day, neither isotopic
      method indicated a further beneficial effect on net protein synthesis, although
      the absolute rates of protein synthesis and catabolism were stimulated. The N
      excretion data, on the other hand, indicated a significant improvement in net
      protein synthesis with higher protein intake. Regardless of the level of protein
      intake, the underlying alterations in protein metabolism that occurred as a
      response to burn injury persisted.

PMID- 6824372
TI  - The importance of hemorrhage in the relationship between gross morphologic
      characteristics and cerebral symptoms in 376 carotid artery plaques.
AB  - In a prospective study 376 carotid artery plaques (275 symptomatic, 101
      asymptomatic) were obtained from endarterectomies (184 unilateral and 96
      bilateral) in 280 patients. The gross morphologic features of each plaque were
      noted at surgery and, together with the patient's clinical history, stored in
      computer memory. These data were analyzed in order to investigate the
      relationship of gross morphologic plaque characteristics with both the presence
      of cerebral symptoms and the degree of stenosis associated with the plaque.
      Ulceration was the most frequently observed of the five major gross plaque
      morphologic characteristics (46.0% of all plaques), but only intramural
      hemorrhage (30.6% of all plaques) was significantly more common in all
      symptomatic compared with all asymptomatic plaques (p less than 0.02). Hemorrhage
      was also the only gross characteristic significantly more common in focal
      symptomatic plaques when compared with either asymptomatic plaques (p less than
      0.05) or nonfocal symptomatic plaques (p less than 0.01). When all the plaques
      were divided into three broad degrees of stenosis groups (0-39%, 40-69%, 70-99%)
      on the basis of angiographic data, only hemorrhage showed a significant
      correlation in incidence with increased degree of plaque stenosis, both when all
      plaques were considered (p less than 0.001) and when only symptomatic plaques
      were examined (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that intramural
      hemorrhage is the only carotid plaque gross morphologic characteristic
      significantly more frequent in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic plaques and
      the only characteristic significantly correlated with increased plaque size.
      These findings indicate that factors other than plaque ulceration and
      intraluminal thrombus play an important role in carotid plaque related cerebral
      symptoms. The data also raise questions concerning the unequivocal value of
      anticoagulant therapy in carotid artery disease, especially in highly stenotic
      lesions.

PMID- 6824371
TI  - Periileostomy fistulae in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Fifteen of 214 patients with an ileostomy constructed during the course of
      Crohn's disease developed periileostomy fistulae. In each case this was the
      consequence of recurrent ileal disease. The incidence was higher in female
      patients as well as those with a prior history of either intraabdominal abscess
      or any type of fistula. Periileostomy fistulae are frequently multiple. In
      addition to the clinical features of recurrent disease, periileostomy fistulae
      cause additional symptoms that are particularly distressing. These result from
      the proximity of the fistula to the stoma and the difficulty of maintaining the
      seal of an appliance. All periileostomy fistulae require resection and
      reconstruction of the stoma. Superficial fistulae with relatively smooth skin
      around the stoma may be reconstructed using the original stoma site; but deep
      fistulae with severe peristomal excoriation, induration and inflammation require
      transposition to a different quadrant. This may, in suitable cases, be carried
      out by direct stoma-to-stoma transposition, without formal laparotomy. The
      quality of life following successful reconstruction of the stoma is excellent,
      even though some patients will develop additional recurrent disease. To date none
      of these patients have developed another periileostomy fistula.

PMID- 6824374
TI  - Care of the psychotic self-amputee undergoing replantation.
AB  - The acutely psychotic self-amputee may be brought to the emergency room out of
      control, refusing treatment. Although these conditions make it difficult for the
      surgeon to provide restorative surgery, these patients may be quite grateful when
      resolution of psychosis restores realistic thinking and better judgment. This
      article describes the treatment of two such patients and provides practical
      guidelines for general behavioral management. The focal point of the approach is
      the formation of a surgeon/psychiatrist team that actively and consistently
      confronts and manages the disturbed behavior from the time the patient arrives in
      the emergency room until after discharge. Responsibility for deciding to operate
      when the patient is verbally refusing must be shared by surgeon and psychiatrist.
      Both surgeon and psychiatrist must be active in the treatment, each contributing
      his particular expertise to the collaborative effort.

PMID- 6824373
TI  - The diagnosis of aortoiliac disease. A noninvasive femoral cuff technique.
AB  - An inexpensive femoral "cuff" developed in this noninvasive vascular laboratory
      allows pulse volume recordings and systolic pressure measurements of the femoral
      arteries. Using the parameters 1) femoral/brachial systolic pressure ratio, 2)
      wave amplitude, and 3) status of the dicrotic notch for assessment of results, it
      was found that the cuff correctly identified 59 of 62 limbs with at least 50%
      aortoiliac stenosis, with only two false-positive results, for an accuracy of
      97%. The high, wide thigh cuff identified 57 of the 62 limbs, but had 45 false
      positive results (77% accuracy). Use of the femoral "cuff" has refined the
      ability to identify the anatomic location of significant arterial stenoses in the
      lower extremities.

PMID- 6824375
TI  - Venous function in the leg after postoperative thrombosis diagnosed with 125I
      fibrinogen uptake test.
AB  - The 125I-fibrinogen uptake test (FUT) has been widely used in the past decade to
      detect postoperative thrombosis. FUT has been shown to correlate well with
      phlebography, and positive FUT is associated with a high frequency of pulmonary
      embolism. The long-term venous function of the leg after FUT-detected
      postoperative thrombosis, however, is inadequately documented. In 179 patients
      who had been studied after operation with FUT, a follow-up evaluation of FUT as
      an indicator of risk for development of deep venous insufficiency was made four
      to five years later. The patients replied to a questionnaire, were clinically
      examined, and underwent venous strain-gauge plethysmography, venous pressure
      measurement, and, in some cases, phlebography. No statistically significant
      differences were found in any of the parameters between legs that had been FUT
      positive and those that were FUT-negative at the time of the operation. The
      frequency of deep venous insufficiency thus was equal in FUT-positive and FUT
      negative legs. It was also independent of the site of FUT-detected thrombus in
      the leg.

PMID- 6824376
TI  - Therapeutic benefits of 5-hydroxytryptamine inhibition following pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - The smooth muscle-constricting, platelet amine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5
      HT) is theorized to play an important role in the cardiopulmonary dysfunction
      that accompanies embolization. The present study was designed to examine this
      hypothesis. Autologous clot, 0.75 g/kg, was injected IV into 14 dogs. After 30
      minutes, one half of the animals were randomly assigned to the treatment group
      and received a bolus infusion of 0.15 mg/kg ketanserin, a quinazoline derivative
      known to be a selective 5-HT receptor antagonist. Five minutes after embolization
      there were increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) from 12 mm to 48
      mmHg (p less than 0.001); pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) from 2.2 mm to 12.2
      mmHg X min/L (p less than 0.001); physiologic shunt (QS/QT) from 12% to 44% (p
      less than 0.01); and physiologic dead space (VD/VT), calculated from end tidal
      and arterial PCO2, from 8% to 39% (p less than 0.001). Within 15 minutes platelet
      counts decreased from 186,000/mm3 to 134,800/mm3 (p less than 0.05); 5-HT
      contained in circulating platelets fell from 1.71 micrograms/ to 1.44
      micrograms/10(9) platelets (p less than 0.05). Five minutes after ketanserin,
      MPAP declined to 27 mmHg and was lower than the control value of 41 mmHg (p less
      than 0.05); PVR decreased to 6.2 mmHg X min/L, lower than 12 mmHg X min/L in
      controls (p less than 0.01); QS/QT fell to 26% in contrast to 47% in controls (p
      less than 0.05); and VD/VT declined moderately to 32% (p less than 0.05),
      although this value was not different from 38% in control animals.
      Cardiopulmonary function continued to improve in treated animals until
      termination of the experiment at four hours when pulmonary angiograms and
      perfusion scans demonstrated vascular recruitment compared with untreated
      embolized control dogs. These data demonstrate that the cardiopulmonary
      consequences of experimental embolization are primarily determined by the
      vasoconstrictive and bronchoconstrictive actions of 5-HT.

PMID- 6824377
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux using the Angelchik prosthesis.

PMID- 6824378
TI  - Recertification updated.

PMID- 6824379
TI  - Aortopulmonary septal defect coexisting with ventricular septal defect and
      pulmonary atresia.
AB  - Three patients are described in whom an aortopulmonary septal defect
      (aortopulmonary window) coexisted with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary
      atresia. One patient had mild and another, moderate aortic regurgitation. In
      addition, one patient had a sinus of Valsalva aortic aneurysm, while another had
      a single coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk. One patient underwent
      surgical correction in infancy; the other two, in early adult life. In all three
      patients, surgical correction involved closure of the aortopulmonary window,
      closure of the ventricular septal defect, and placement of a valved conduit
      between the right ventricle and the distal pulmonary trunk. One patient died 3
      weeks postoperatively due to secondary hemorrhage where the conduit had been
      sutured to the right ventricle. The other two patients are alive and well 3 1/2
      years and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The presence of aortopulmonary
      window permits normal development of the pulmonary arteries in the presence of
      the coexisting pulmonary atresia; in the three patients described, the absence of
      pulmonary vascular disease made total surgical repair feasible for this
      combination of defects.

PMID- 6824380
TI  - Postinfarction ventricular septal defect: delayed closure with prolonged
      mechanical circulatory support.
AB  - Three patients who had ventricular septal rupture and cardiogenic shock
      complicating an acute myocardial infarction were treated by prolonged circulatory
      assistance using intraaortic balloon pumping. Hemodynamic stabilization was
      obtained, and surgical repair was delayed for 19 to 27 days after initiation of
      circulatory support. All three patients survived the operation and were
      discharged from the hospital 13 to 19 days after operation. Prolonged intraaortic
      balloon pumping in such patients is safe and often induces hemodynamic
      stabilization. The patients may then be operated on under more favorable
      conditions, without risk of multisystem failure, and after fibrosis has developed
      around the septal rupture.

PMID- 6824382
TI  - Injury to the middle lobe bronchus and pulmonary artery: an unusual pattern.

PMID- 6824381
TI  - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia among the Chinese.
AB  - Clinical data on 1,450 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus and
      727 with adenocarcinoma of the cardia (seen from 1952 to 1980) are presented,
      with the results of surgical treatment in 387 epidermoid carcinomas and 164
      adenocarcinomas. The rates of resectability, postoperative complications, and
      surgical mortality were 44.3%, 28.5%, and 5.1% in epidermoid carcinoma and 39.6%,
      17.4%, and 5.9% in adenocarcinoma, respectively. Five-year survival after
      resection was 11.9% in epidermoid carcinoma and 6.7% in adenocarcinoma. The
      operative procedure is described. According to our experience, extensive
      resection of the esophagus followed by reconstruction of the alimentary tract
      with esophagoileocoloplasty or esophagogastrostomy retrosternally for the
      epidermoid carcinoma appears to be the treatment of choice. For adenocarcinoma of
      the cardia, resection of the tumor and esophagogastrostomy or
      esophagojejunostomy, can be done transthoracically if the esophageal involvement
      is not high. In any case, early diagnosis and early treatment are the only ways
      to improve the present results.

PMID- 6824383
TI  - Successful management of mediastinitis, pleural empyema, and aortopulmonary
      fistula from odontogenic infection.

PMID- 6824384
TI  - Venous return after cross-clamping.

PMID- 6824385
TI  - Carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 6824386
TI  - Persistent high mortality in acute renal failure. Are we asking the right
      questions?

PMID- 6824389
TI  - Aprindine therapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Aprindine hydrochloride has been extensively used in Europe for the management of
      ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Success has been achieved even in
      those cases that have proven refractory to standard antiarrhythmic agents. In
      this report, we describe our experience with aprindine therapy in seven patients
      with ventricular tachycardia in whom standard antiarrhythmic agents had proven
      either ineffective or had caused intolerable side effects. Aprindine was
      effective in five cases, and it failed in two. Neurologic side effects, although
      common, were easily controlled with adjustment of the dose. Agranulocytosis, a
      rare but serious side effect, was encountered in one of our patients. Relevant
      literature on aprindine is reviewed.

PMID- 6824390
TI  - Influence of chronic obstructive lung disease on the disposition of an acidic
      drug (sulfamethazine).
AB  - The influence of chronic respiratory failure (CRF) on the pharmacokinetics of an
      acidic drug has been studied in 11 patients and in eight normal volunteers who
      received 10 mg/kg of oral sulfamethazine. Blood and urine samples were collected
      for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. No differences were observed in the rate of
      sulfamethazine absorption, but bioavailability was decreased when compared with
      control subjects. Sulfamethazine volume of distribution (Vd) was larger in
      patients than in control subjects. These differences in Vd may be secondary to an
      increase in sulfamethazine unbound fraction. No differences were observed in
      sulfamethazine elimination. It is concluded that in patients with CRF
      sulfamethazine bioavailability decreases, and Vd increases secondary to a
      decrease in binding. Despite the fact that plasma concentrations of the test drug
      will be decreased, the administration of higher doses may not be advisable.

PMID- 6824388
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis in 188 hospitalized patients.
AB  - The clinical picture and epidemiologic characteristics of infection due to
      Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni were studied in 188 patients hospitalized
      in Finland during a three-year period. All but two patients had diarrhea; 90% had
      abdominal pain, fever, and fatigue; half had vomiting and headache; one third
      experienced electrolyte disturbances; and one fifth of the patients had other
      complications, most commonly pancreatitis (6%) and arthritis (5%). All age groups
      were affected, most usually those who were 0 to 9 years old and 20 to 29 years
      old. The incidence of domestic cases increased during the summer months. With
      only three exceptions (1.3%), all jejuni strains were sensitive to erythromycin.
      Among Finns who visited ten popular tourist countries, the incidence of
      hospitalized C jejuni enteritis cases varied from 0 to 63 per 100,000 travelers.

PMID- 6824391
TI  - Hormonal therapy for metastatic male breast cancer.
AB  - Forty-one men with metastatic breast cancer were treated with 70 trials of
      hormone therapy. These included 25 orchiectomies and 45 additive hormonal
      treatments. The overall response rate was 31%. The response rate was 32% to
      orchiectomy, 17% to estrogens, 43% to steroids, 25% to tamoxifen citrate, and 60%
      to androgens. The response to additive hormonal therapy was 31% and was not
      affected by prior orchiectomy (33% v 30%). Median overall response duration was
      12 months, 17.5 months following orchiectomy, 8.5 months following additive
      hormonal therapy, five months following estrogens, 11 months following steroids,
      and eight months following androgens. Median survival from first metastasis was
      significantly prolonged in patients responding to orchiectomy and additive
      hormonal therapy. Patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) longer than 12
      months had a 59% response rate to hormonal therapy compared with 9% of those with
      a DFI no more than 12 months. Response to one form of hormonal therapy did not
      predict later hormonal response. Ablative and additive hormonal therapy offer
      effective palliation to one third of male breast cancer patients, produce little
      toxic effects and morbidity, and improve survival duration after metastasis in
      responders.

PMID- 6824387
TI  - Professors of medicine, stand up!

PMID- 6824393
TI  - Abdominal computed tomography. Comparison of the usefulness of goal-directed v
      non-goal-directed studies.
AB  - We reviewed the indications for 210 consecutive abdominal computed tomography
      (CT) scans. One-hundred sixty-six CT scans were done in a goal-directed fashion,
      whereas 44 were non-goal-directed as part of the evaluation of non-specific
      abdominal pain, fever, or weight loss. Forty-three percent of CT scans done in a
      goal-directed fashion revealed new significant information as opposed to only 2%
      of non-goal-directed studies. Sixteen percent of goal-directed CT scans were
      normal as opposed to 41% of non-goal-directed CT scans. In at least 16% of cases,
      abdominal CT scans revealed data confirmatory of information obtained by other
      modalities. We conclude that abdominal CT scanning used in a non-goal-directed
      fashion is rarely helpful; however, goal-directed scanning often yields important
      information.

PMID- 6824392
TI  - Nonobstructive gastroparesis in amyloidosis improved with metoclopramide.
AB  - Patients with systemic amyloidosis often have symptoms related to impaired
      gastrointestinal motility. Delayed gastric emptying may result from autonomic
      nerve and/or smooth-muscle infiltration with amyloid. In two patients with
      gastroparesis secondary to amyloidosis, metoclopramide hydrochloride therapy
      quantitatively enhanced gastric emptying. We suggest that metoclopramide
      treatment may be useful in the supportive therapy of patients with delayed
      gastric emptying due to amyloidosis.

PMID- 6824394
TI  - Massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Massive hemoptysis occurs in 5% to 7% of patients with cystic fibrosis.
      Approximately 11% of these patients will die within 48 hours of manifestation
      because of uncontrolled hemoptysis and asphyxiation. If conservative medical
      treatment fails to control hemoptysis, fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy is the
      least risky and most accurate method of localizing the source of hemoptysis.
      Acute control of hemoptysis can be obtained in up to 100% of patients with
      endobronchial Fogarty balloon tamponade and in up to 88% of patients with
      bronchial artery embolization. Emergency thoracotomy can be performed if the
      above fail, but only in patients with mild cystic fibrosis and adequate pulmonary
      reserve.

PMID- 6824395
TI  - The prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The complications of ulcerative colitis generally develop during the first two
      years of disease. The mortality is higher than expected and the highest
      likelihood of colectomy also occurs early in the disease. Mortality in Crohn's
      disease is greater than expected, especially in males. For both conditions, the
      overall mortality has decreased steadily, and currently is less than 5%.
      Ulcerative colitis is curable with proctocolectomy and ileostomy. In Crohn's
      disease, intestinal resection and reanastomosis is followed by recurrence in the
      majority of patients. The recurrence rate after proctocolectomy and ileostomy for
      Crohn's disease of the colon also is considerable, ranging from 20% to 35%. In
      ulcerative colitis, the more colon involved, the more frequent and more serious
      are the complications. In Crohn's disease, the anatomic pattern of disease tends
      to predict the type and extent of complications. Both ulcerative colitis and
      Crohn's disease appear to follow a more severe course in children and adolescents
      with "inflammatory bowel disease." Patients with either ulcerative colitis or
      Crohn's disease are at increased risk for the later development of cancer. In
      ulcerative colitis, the excess risk is limited to colorectal cancer. Patients
      with Crohn's disease have increased cancer rates for both the small and large
      bowel. Finally, most patients with these diseases are able to maintain normal
      occupations and enjoy reasonably stable social and economic situations. The
      successful adaptation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is influenced
      by a hopeful, optimistic personality and by an encouraging, supportive physician.

PMID- 6824397
TI  - Quinidine-induced syncope.

PMID- 6824400
TI  - Voluntary clinical faculty. The hope of the future?

PMID- 6824399
TI  - Right ventricular diastolic disorders.

PMID- 6824396
TI  - Pulmonary aspergilloma. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - Pulmonary aspergillomas usually arise from colonization and proliferation of
      Aspergillus in preexisting parenchymal cavities. The most common symptom in this
      disorder is hemoptysis, which may be massive and life-threatening. Although
      positive sputum cultures for Aspergillus are present in more than half of
      patients with aspergilloma, this is neither a sensitive nor specific diagnostic
      marker. Virtually all patients with this syndrome have serum precipitating
      antibodies to Aspergillus antigens, and this serves as a useful confirmatory test
      in patients with suspected aspergilloma. The routine chest roentgenograph and
      standard tomography remain the most important diagnostic procedures. The computed
      tomograph of the chest may be helpful in certain cases. Routine surgical
      resection of aspergillomas is not recommended but should be reserved for patients
      with recurrent, severe hemoptysis who can tolerate thoracotomy. Parenteral
      antifungal therapy has not been effective in this disease; however, selected
      patients may be candidates for intracavitary antifungal therapy.

PMID- 6824398
TI  - Pediatric critical care. Should medical costs influence clinical decisions?

PMID- 6824401
TI  - Aortic thrombosis during sigmoidoscopy in Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - A patient with Behcet's syndrome suffered acute paraparesis during sigmoidoscopy.
      An aortogram demonstrated thrombosis of the distal abdominal aorta just above the
      bifurcation; thrombectomy resulted in complete return of neurologic function.
      Examination of the clot disclosed a preponderance of polymorphonuclear
      granulocytes. We propose that mechanical trauma from this otherwise benign
      procedure caused the vascular lesion. Patients with a similar predisposition to
      arterial or venous thrombosis may, in unusual circumstances, be jeopardized by
      proctosigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 6824402
TI  - Nutrient malabsorption in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Normalization during
      long-term cimetidine therapy.
AB  - Nutrient malabsorption occasionally occurs in the setting of acid hypersecretion
      with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Previous incomplete reversal of this
      malabsorption with therapy has probably been due to inadequate suppression of
      acid secretion with medical therapy or disturbances of anatomy and physiology
      occurring as a result of surgical therapy. A patient whose primary manifestations
      of this syndrome were nutrient malabsorption and diarrhea was afforded complete
      reversal of the malabsorption on receiving long-term cimetidine therapy. This
      effective medical therapy has thus demonstrated that nutrient malabsorption in
      the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is due solely to the deleterious effects of acid
      hypersecretion.

PMID- 6824403
TI  - Misdiagnosis of pericardial cyst by echocardiography and computed tomography
      scanning.
AB  - We saw a patient who had clinical features of right-sided heart failure.
      Echocardiography and computed tomography findings were incorrectly interpreted as
      demonstrating an intracardiac mass. At surgery, a pericardial cyst externally
      compressing the right ventricular cavity was found. We conclude that, although
      noninvasive tests may play a valuable role in evaluating intracardiac masses,
      interpretation may be difficult and misdiagnoses are possible.

PMID- 6824404
TI  - Persistent Strongyloides stercoralis in a blind loop of the bowel. Successful
      treatment with mebendazole.
AB  - Three courses of thiabendazole therapy, including one course given directly into
      a blind loop of the bowel, failed to eradicate Strongyloides stercoralis from a
      55-year-old man who had undergone a Roux-en-Y operation. The patient responded to
      1.5 g/day of mebendazole for 14 days, and the infection did not recur. Our case
      illustrates the difficulty of eliminating S stercoralis from a blind loop of the
      bowel and indicates that mebendazole therapy used in adequate doses is effective
      treatment for strongyloidiasis. The lack of toxicity of mebendazole makes it a
      desirable drug for Strongyloides infestation resistant to thiabendazole therapy.

PMID- 6824405
TI  - Transbronchial biopsy of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.
AB  - A middle-aged woman was initially seen with mild breathlessness and a fine
      reticulonodular pattern noted on chest roentgenogram. Pulmonary alveolar
      microlithiasis was demonstrated by transbronchial biopsy. Although microlithiasis
      calcispherites have been described as appearing in bronchial walls, at necropsy,
      and in lavage fluid, we have found only one previous report of a case diagnosed
      by transbronchial biopsy.

PMID- 6824406
TI  - Neurogenic bladder in Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
AB  - A previously healthy 29-year-old man who had verified Rocky Mountain spotted
      fever had a flaccid neurogenic bladder that resolved as he recovered from his
      infection. The neurologic complications of this disease are presumed to be
      related to vasculitis with resulting ischemia or infarction of nervous tissue.

PMID- 6824407
TI  - Profound hypokalemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Symptomatic hypokalemia is not known to complicate continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), although this treatment is associated with continuous
      peritoneal potassium losses. Severe hypokalemia and muscular abnormalities
      associated with potassium loss developed in a patient undergoing CAPD,
      illustrating that oral supplementation and/or intraperitoneal potassium
      administration may be needed to treat patients with chronically poor nutritional
      intake or increased gastrointestinal potassium losses. Intraperitoneal potassium
      administration may be indicated in patients who cannot tolerate oral potassium
      supplements.

PMID- 6824408
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - A kindred with a high incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) was studied
      to identify the presence of clinical hyperthyroidism. Two and possibly three
      members with HC had associated hyperthyroidism. In the propositus, clinical, ECG,
      and vectorcardiographic evidence for HC resolved after treatment of the
      hyperthyroidism. We hypothesize that the disproportionately high correlation of
      hyperthyroidism and HC and the resolution found in the propositus after treatment
      may indicate that antithyroid therapy should be considered in this form of
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6824409
TI  - Surgical results of anomalous left coronary artery.
AB  - After undergoing a ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery from the
      pulmonary artery and a saphenous vein bypass graft surgery, a 53-year-old woman
      has had improvement in exercise tolerance and congestive heart failure for up to
      two years of follow-up. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative
      noninvasive studies disclose that surgery improved the left ventricular volume
      overload and perfusion. However, there was no change in the resting or exercise
      ejection fraction as assessed by stress multiple-gated acquisition isotope scan.

PMID- 6824410
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 6824411
TI  - Carcinoid tumor.

PMID- 6824412
TI  - March myoglobinemia.

PMID- 6824413
TI  - Increased plasma MHPG in dexamethasone-resistant depressed patients.
AB  - Severely depressed patients frequently show inadequate suppression of serum
      cortisol levels by dexamethasone. In a study of 15 depressed patients, we found a
      robust correlation between plasma levels of cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy
      phenylglycol after dexamethasone administration. These results suggest that
      dexamethasone resistance and adrenergic activation reflect parallel responses to
      illness-related stress in some depressed patients.

PMID- 6824414
TI  - Sleep architecture and REM sleep measures in prepubertal major depressives.
      Studies during recovery from the depressive episode in a drug-free state.
AB  - The sleep of 28 fully recovered, drug-free, prepubertal patients with major
      depressive disorder was recorded for three consecutive nights in the laboratory.
      Recovered depressives had significantly shorter first rapid eye movement period
      (REMP) latencies and a higher number of REMPs compared with themselves when
      depressed and with nondepressed neurotic and normal children. In addition, most
      sleep continuity measures improved considerably on recovery. We suggest that a
      short first REMP latency may be a marker of past episode or of trait in
      prepubertal major depressives.

PMID- 6824415
TI  - Rapid eye movement sleep characteristics during and after mood-disturbing events.
AB  - Twenty-nine women undergoing divorce were monitored for six nights to explore the
      relation of mood disturbance and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Follow-up
      evaluations were completed on 13 women one to two years later. The more
      traditional women were more depressed and had shortened REM latencies. Depression
      was also related to an irregular eye movement density sequence throughout the
      night. Although depression and REM latency were both significantly improved at
      follow-up, the REM latency of those initially most depressed remained at a lower
      than normal level and the eye movement density sequency remained irregular,
      suggesting some lag in the sleep response or a traitlike vulnerability to future
      depression.

PMID- 6824418
TI  - Induction of mania.

PMID- 6824416
TI  - Consultation-Liaison outcome evaluation system. I. Consultant-consultee
      interaction.
AB  - The Consultation-Liaison Outcome Evaluation System characterizes the
      effectiveness of consultative activities. The initial phase of the system
      identifies consultees' responses to psychiatric consultants' recommendations and
      diagnoses and the variables critical to concordance with the use of quantitative
      measures. The observed incidence and concordance rates of the consultant
      consultee interaction were integrated (1) to establish a concordance hierarchy
      clarifying consultees' priorities in seeking psychiatric consultation, (2) to
      provide reference points to guide psychiatric consultants' clinical actions, (3)
      to establish tentative standards with which to evaluate the effectiveness of
      psychiatric consultation, and (4) to signal the need for further outcome studies
      and the development of data-based consultation practices.

PMID- 6824417
TI  - Treatment of agoraphobia and panic attacks.

PMID- 6824419
TI  - Discharge planning effect on length of hospital stay.
AB  - The impact of discharge planning was measured in 3 community hospitals by
      comparing the annual median length of stay by diagnosis for 2 years before and
      for 2 years after the introduction of discharge planning. Congestive heart
      failure, cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and
      fractured hip were the diagnoses studied. Either cataract or benign prostatic
      hypertrophy served as the control diagnosis. Criteria were established to
      identify changes in length of stay which could be attributed to discharge
      planning. The results indicated that with the onset of discharge planning, the
      length of stay increased for some diagnoses and decreased for others at each
      hospital. The effect among the hospitals also appears to have been inconsistent.

PMID- 6824420
TI  - Social support needs in adjustment to stroke.
AB  - Persons experiencing recent onset of stroke show wide variation in their
      adjustment process. This study evaluates how much these individual differences
      are a function of interpersonal needs for social contact after the rehabilitation
      process. Subjective needs for social relations are measured and compared with
      adjustment to stroke. Variation in the expression of and desire for social
      support appears to be related to outcome of rehabilitation and adjustment to
      chronic physical limitations.

PMID- 6824421
TI  - Wrist subluxation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: pathophysiology and
      management.
AB  - Management principles in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis provide for long-term
      follow-up throughout all phases of disease activity, including apparent
      remission. Treatment is based on the stage of disease and anatomy and kinesiology
      of the joints. Palmar subluxation of the wrist requires proximal support by
      splints for prevention and correction. Small sphygmomanometer bags have been
      incorporated into splints for home stretching with demonstrated improvement in
      bony alignment.

PMID- 6824424
TI  - Strategies for recruiting medical students to physical medicine and
      rehabilitation.
AB  - Estimations that the incidence of need for health care among the chronically ill
      exceeds the need for acute episodic health care in the rest of the population
      indicate a misdirection of the focus of medical education. Estimates indicate not
      enough psychiatrists will be trained under the present program to meet the
      existing demands. Unless there can be some material increase in the number of
      psychiatrists trained, it appears that there will be extensive disability
      persisting because of lack of rehabilitation. Failure to expose medical students
      to rehabilitation, the lack of role models to demonstrate how a psychiatrist
      practices, and the less dramatic progress which occurs in rehabilitation all
      decrease the attractiveness of rehabilitation medicine for the medical student.
      The objective of this study was to develop suggestions for strategies to attract
      and recruit medical students into physical medicine and rehabilitation. The
      Regional Advisory Council of the Research and Training Center #2 at the
      University of Minnesota was asked to brainstorm as a group such suggestions. As a
      result 37 suggestions were generated which were grouped under 5 headings: A. Whom
      to recruit; B. Methods; C. Time and Place; D. Impediments; E. Advantages of a
      career in PM & R. Suggestions in each of the categories were then prioritized.

PMID- 6824422
TI  - Splint therapy for trigger finger in children.
AB  - During the last 9 years, 83 trigger digits in 65 children were treated using a
      modified coil spring splint which maintains the interphalangeal (IP) joint in
      neutral extension or hyperextension. Sixty-two digits (75%) were completely
      healed following splint therapy alone, after an average period of splinting for
      9.4 months. Eight digits which did not improve with splinting were surgically
      treated. Splint therapy to maintain the IP joint in neutral extension or
      hyperextension proved markedly effective in our series.

PMID- 6824425
TI  - Bladder retraining.

PMID- 6824423
TI  - Isokinetic, isometric and isotonic strength relationships.
AB  - Relationships among isokinetic, isometric and isotonic strength measurements in
      knee and elbow extension and flexion were examined in 16 young, healthy men.
      Isokinetic and isometric torque measurements were obtained from modified Cybex II
      apparatus. Isokinetic torque values were obtained at velocities of 36
      degrees/sec, 108 degrees/sec, and 180 degrees/sec. An electrogoniometer was used
      to monitor joint angle. A device similar to a Noland-Kuckhoff (NK) table was
      employed to determine maximal isotonic capabilities using a 1 repetition maximum
      procedure. Correlations among the 3 testing modes at joint angles of peak
      isometric torque were generally high (mean = 0.78, range = 0.97 to 0.47) for all
      4 muscle groups. The amounts of common variance suggested that all 3 strength
      testing modes were measuring a similar phenomenon which could be termed maximal
      voluntary strength. Within a particular muscle group correlations decreased as
      isokinetic velocities and joint angles became more widely separated.

PMID- 6824426
TI  - Pelvic ring mobility.

PMID- 6824428
TI  - Prognosis in generalized peritonitis. Relation to cause and risk factors.
AB  - Generalized peritonitis was assessed in 176 patients, 67 (38%) of whom died.
      Cases were divided into causative groups: (1) appendicitis and perforated
      duodenal ulcer, (2) intraperitoneal origin other than appendix or duodenum, and
      (3) postoperative peritonitis. Mortalities were 10%, 50%, and 60%, respectively.
      Postoperative peritonitis was characterized by lack of influence of age on
      outcome, late operation, and more frequent organ failure. Delayed surgery carried
      a worse prognosis. Organ failure was a risk factor with 76% mortality, and was
      associated with late operation. Early surgery in organ failure improved survival.
      More sensitive indicators of early organ dysfunction might improve survival.

PMID- 6824427
TI  - Role of surgical and percutaneous drainage in the treatment of abdominal
      abscesses.
AB  - Reviewing our experience with 32 surgically and 13 percutaneously drained
      abdominal abscesses, we propose the following criteria for computed tomography
      (CT)-assisted percutaneous drainage: (1) the absence of more than two abscess
      cavities or loculations; (2) drainage route not traversing bowel, uncontaminated
      organs, or uncontaminated peritoneal or pleural spaces; (3) the absence of a
      source of continuous contamination; and (4) the absence of fungi as causative
      organisms. Of nine abscesses that met these criteria, seven were successfully
      drained percutaneously. In all abscesses that did not meet the criteria,
      percutaneous drainage resulted in complications. Of the 32 surgical patients, six
      would have been candidates for percutaneous drainage according to these criteria.
      Two of those patients experienced technical complications that might have been
      prevented by the use of percutaneous drainage. Surgical intervention is the
      preferred treatment in the majority of patients; however, in properly selected
      patients, CT-assisted percutaneous drainage is highly successful and can prevent
      unnecessary morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6824429
TI  - Subeschar treatment of burn-wound infection.
AB  - Within a 24-month period, 454 patients were admitted with burns (average size,
      33% of the total body surface [TBS]). Wound infection developed in 19, who
      subsequently were treated with subeschar antibiotics. The average burn size in
      those 19 patients was 63% of the TBS, with an average full-thickness injury of
      47%. Five (26%) of the 19 survived, and five others died without evidence of
      wound infection, giving a would clearance rate of 52.6%. The five surviving
      patients (average burn size, 59% TBS) underwent excision of infected tissue, with
      split-thickness cutaneous autograft closure of the burn wound, after the course
      of subeschar antibiotic infusion. All surviving patients were infected with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subeschar infusion of semisynthetic penicillins,
      therefore, is an effective adjunct in the care of the patient with Pseudomonas
      burn-wound infection.

PMID- 6824430
TI  - Gentamicin and tobramycin penetration into burn eschar. Pharmacokinetics and
      microbiological effects.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether intravenously administered
      gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate penetrate into the eschar of patients
      with severe burns. In addition, each antibiotic's pharmacokinetics in serum and
      the effect on eschar microbiology were determined. Twenty patients with suspected
      burn wound sepsis received either gentamicin or tobramycin. The microbiology of
      the baseline eschar was determined and repeated on days 2, 4, and 7. All patients
      had measurable aminoglycoside tissue concentrations, and elimination from serum
      was not unusually rapid. Thirteen patients had baseline eschar cultures positive
      for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens; eight patients were initially
      bacteremic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were sensitive to both antibiotics and
      usually declined in concentration with time or were eliminated; the more drug
      resistant isolates of S marcescens persisted or caused super-infection and
      bacteremia. Aminoglycoside antibiotics penetrate into burn eschar and appear to
      have a substantial effect on eschar microbiology.

PMID- 6824432
TI  - Improved survival after pneumococcus in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized mice
      with Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - Splenectomy increases the susceptibility to infections with certain bacteria,
      particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because the immunomodulator
      Corynebacterium parvum expands the phagocytic cell compartment and enhances
      reticuloendothelial function, we tested the effect of C parvum in mice challenged
      with aerosolized pneumococci. Mice splenectomized seven days before pneumococcal
      challenge and treated intraperitoneally with 700 micrograms of C parvum
      immediately after exposure were protected when compared with splenectomized or
      sham-operated saline-injected controls. Analysis of proportional hazards showed
      the risk of dying in order of greatest to least as follows: splenectomy/saline,
      sham/saline, splenectomy/C parvum and sham/C parvum. The benefits of an intact
      spleen and C parvum seemed to be additive in their protective effects after
      aerosol pneumococcal challenge. After intravenous challenge, bloodstream
      clearance was improved in sham-operated mice at three days after C parvum
      injection compared with saline-injected sham-operated controls and C parvum
      injected splenectomized mice. A significant improvement in bacterial clearance
      did not occur until seven days after C parvum treatment in splenectomized mice.
      The results demonstrate the value of a nonspecific immunomodulator for enhancing
      the defense mechanisms of both normal and splenectomized animals.

PMID- 6824431
TI  - Wound healing accelerated by Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - While comparing the effects on wound healing of a heated scalpel with those of
      the cold scalpel, we discovered that inoculation of rat skin incisions with a
      strain of Staphylococcus aureus dramatically accelerated the gain in wound
      strength. The accelerating effect was evident four days postoperatively, was
      maximal at seven to ten days, and was still present at 28 days. The accelerating
      effect was correlated with the number of S aureus organisms introduced into the
      wound, and was found in conventional rats and rats germ free up to the time of
      monocontamination with S aureus. There was no evidence of infection on gross
      examination; on histologic examination an occasional microabscess was seen in
      some rats. There may be both local and systemic mechanisms underlying the S
      aureus accelerating effect. Seven strains of S aureus with varying
      characteristics demonstrated the wound-healing accelerating effect. In sharp
      contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis (three strains), Staphylococcus hominis (one
      strain), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) did not show this effect. The
      increases in wound healing due to S aureus were substantially greater than
      reported previously for any nutritional supplement, drug, or other chemical or
      physical agent.

PMID- 6824435
TI  - The influence of hair-removal methods on wound infections.
AB  - The influence of preoperative shaving v clipping on wound infection rate was
      studied in 1,013 patients undergoing elective operations at a single hospital.
      Patients were prospectively randomized to be either shaved or clipped the night
      before or the morning of operation. The AM clipper method was associated with
      significantly fewer infections than were the other methods, both at discharge and
      at 30-day follow-up. The greatest benefit was in the group with clean wounds. For
      each 1,000 patients treated, a savings of approximately $270,000 could be
      realized if the AM clipper method replaced shaving for preoperative hair removal.
      Preoperative shaving is deleterious, and the practice should be abandoned.

PMID- 6824434
TI  - Correction of serum opsonic defects after burn and sepsis by opsonic fibronectin
      administration.
AB  - Opsonic fibronectin modulates reticuloendothelial (RE) uptake of nonbacterial
      particulates, as well as some bacterial strains, and may thus play an important
      role in host defense against sepsis after burn injury. We evaluated the
      relationship between burn injury, sepsis, and opsonic fibronectin levels in rats,
      as well as the ability to reverse the acute opsonic deficiency after burn injury
      by administration of purified opsonic fibronectin. Burn injury resulted in an
      acute (within one hour) depletion of opsonic fibronectin (from 341 +/- 30 to 98
      +/- 7 mg/L) that was correctable by administration of purified opsonic
      fibronectin when accompanied by moderate sepsis, while burn injury plus severe
      sepsis (level, 168 +/- 30 mg/L) limited attempted restoration of normal opsonic
      levels (level, 121 +/- 18 mg/L). The in vitro serum opsonic deficit was partially
      correctable (from 2.2% to 6.7% of the injected dose per 100 mg), while in vivo RE
      functional deficits could not be corrected. We conclude that the acute postburn
      deficiency in opsonic fibronectin is amenable to repletion therapy; however, many
      additional factors may contribute to acute RE failure after burn injury.

PMID- 6824433
TI  - Nonspecific stimulation of host defenses against bacterial challenge in
      immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) has been shown to be a safe and effective host defense
      stimulant in both normal and malnourished hosts exposed to a bacterial challenge.
      We investigated its effect in mice compromised by pretreatment with either
      cyclophosphamide or steroids. The bacterial challenge, designed to simulate a
      surgical wound infection, consisted of a Klebsiella pneumoniae-laden suture. The
      MDP treatment resulted in lower local and systemic bacterial spread and increased
      survival in mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide than in untreated controls.
      No such effect was demonstrated in animals compromised by steroids. These results
      suggest that MDP exerts its effect primarily on the macrophage.

PMID- 6824436
TI  - Povidone-iodine strikes back.

PMID- 6824437
TI  - Paracoccidioidal granulomatosis of the brain.
AB  - A patient with South American blastomycosis (paracoccidioidomycosis) was studied
      using computed tomography (CT), which showed six granulomas in the brain. The
      patient was treated with amphotericin B and observed by repeated CT scans. Two of
      the lesions disappeared completely after the first cycle of treatment, and
      residual images, probably representing granulomas in the cicatricial stage,
      remained after completion of the treatment.

PMID- 6824438
TI  - Seizures triggered by blinking when beginning to speak.
AB  - A patient had seizures triggered by spontaneous blinking associated with the act
      of beginning to speak. Diffuse paroxysmal discharges in the EEG appeared when the
      patient was blinking in darkness or in bright light. Closing the eyes
      voluntarily, on command, or as a reflex reaction produced this response very
      infrequently. During intermittent photic stimulation the epileptic discharges
      were accompanied by myoclonic jerks. The act of beginning to speak was linked
      with spontaneous blinking and EEG changes and was accompanied consistently by
      seizures. These were characterized by a peculiar stuttering and an absencelike
      impairment of consciousness. Seizures have been controlled well using clonazepam
      and valproic acid.

PMID- 6824439
TI  - The syndrome of isolated disturbance of the tympanic nerve.
AB  - In a patient with cerebrocranial trauma that resulted in a fracture of the
      pyramid of temporal bone, disappearance of neurologic and otologic symptoms was
      followed for a long period by an isolated disturbance of the tympanic nerve, in
      the form of the postdenervation syndrome of a parotid gland and, in particular,
      of the atropine sulfate salivatory paradox.

PMID- 6824441
TI  - Reversible alexia without agraphia due to migraine.

PMID- 6824440
TI  - Postinfectious leukoencephalitis complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
AB  - Neuropathological findings in a patient with fatal neurological complications due
      to infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae were similar to those seen in
      postinfectious encephalitis and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. This case
      supports the hypothesis that immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of
      neurological symptoms during mycoplasmal infections.

PMID- 6824442
TI  - Isolated transient alexia. A migrainous accompaniment.

PMID- 6824443
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis. Resolution shown by computed tomography.

PMID- 6824444
TI  - Recovery from probably central pontine myelinolysis associated with Addison's
      disease.

PMID- 6824445
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of superior cerebellar artery. Its association with
      fibromuscular dysplasia.

PMID- 6824446
TI  - Concurrence of myasthenia gravis, thymoma, and thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 6824448
TI  - Objective assessment of narcolepsy.

PMID- 6824447
TI  - Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by hyperlipidemia. Reversal after plasmapheresis.

PMID- 6824449
TI  - Mechanisms of headache with angina.

PMID- 6824450
TI  - Sciatic neuropathy induced by the lithotomy position.

PMID- 6824451
TI  - A hypothesis of osmotic endothelial injury. A pathogenetic mechanism in central
      pontine myelinolysis.
AB  - Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a demyelinative disorder of unknown origin.
      Recent clinical and experimental studies have indicated an association of CPM
      with a rise in the serum sodium level. I propose that the rapid rise in the serum
      sodium level causes an osmotic injury to the endothelium resulting in the release
      of myelinotoxic factors and/or the production of vasogenic edema. The latter
      factors may lead to demyelination. The patient at risk, viz, a chronically ill,
      alcoholic, cirrhotic person, may be the one least able to generate protective
      cerebral mechanisms against the osmotic stress. The location of lesions may be
      explained by a suitable anatomic arrangement consisting of an extensive admixture
      of gray and white matter; thus, myelinotoxic factors derived from the richly
      vascular gray are able to interact with adjacent bundles of myelin-containing
      white matter.

PMID- 6824453
TI  - Cerebral outcome after extracorporeal circulation. Comparison between prospective
      and retrospective evaluations.
AB  - The cerebral outcome of 100 consecutive patients who had cardiac valvular
      replacement was evaluated by comparing the results of prospective neurological
      examination with retrospective data. The latter showed that the overall
      prevalence of cerebral abnormalities was 6% (4% among survivors) up to ten days
      postoperatively and 9% thereafter. This contrasts with the 35% (37% among
      survivors) obtained by careful neurological investigations that showed five
      patients with residual signs one year after operation. Electroencephalographic
      and neuropsychological studies disclosed additional patients who had subclinical
      involvement. The results question the reportedly ever-falling cerebral
      complication values claimed particularly in retrospective studies and reflect
      what is missed when using rough clinical criteria. There is no justification in
      overlooking slight clinical or even subclinical dysfunction, since the
      elimination of them is the only acceptable criterion of cerebral safety in
      cardiac operations.

PMID- 6824452
TI  - Digital subtraction arteriography. A new method for evaluation of extracranial
      occlusive disease.
AB  - Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) allows visualization of both the
      intracranial and extracranial vasculature following an intravenous injection of
      contrast medium. One hundred consecutive patients were evaluated using this
      modality. In 32, DSA was compared with conventional arteriography. The degree of
      internal carotid artery stenosis and/or occlusion shown by DSA was confirmed by
      conventional arteriography in 27 cases (84%). Abnormalities of the extracranial
      vasculature was demonstrated by DSA in 60% of patients with suspected
      cerebrovascular disease. Digital subtraction arteriography demonstrated
      significant stenosis or occlusion of the carotid arteries in 30% of patients in
      whom Doppler and radionuclide studies were normal. Digital subtraction
      arteriography is useful in evaluation of the extracranial vasculature in a
      variety of clinical conditions. In some instances it serves as a substitute for
      conventional arteriography. However, its exact place in evaluation of
      extracranial vasculature disease remains to be defined.

PMID- 6824455
TI  - Comparison of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis.
AB  - Twenty-six patients had cryptococcal meningitis and 16 patients had tuberculous
      meningitis. Underlying conditions were mostly immunosuppressive diseases in
      patients with cryptococcosis and chronic debilitating diseases in patients with
      tuberculosis. There were few distinguishing charact eristics between the two
      infections with regard to symptoms and signs. The presence of a miliary pattern
      on chest roentgenogram and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone were
      nonspecific but helpful signs supporting a diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis;
      the presence of cryptococcal antigen was both a specific and sensitive indicator
      of cryptococcal meningitis. Acid-fast smears of CSF and the tuberculin skin test
      were of little help diagnostically, being positive in only 18% and 31%,
      respectively, of patients with tuberculous meningitis. Substantial delays in
      diagnosis and treatment were associated with increased mortality.

PMID- 6824456
TI  - Sensory ataxia. A residual disability of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - Four patients had idiopathic acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome)
      with sensory ataxia as the most prominent symptom. Sensory ataxia remained as a
      residue even three to five years after onset, despite good recovery of muscle
      weakness in five to 14 months. Sural nerve biopsy specimens disclosed a severe
      loss of large myelinated fibers and a high incidence of active axonal
      degeneration.

PMID- 6824454
TI  - Complications of metrizamide myelography.
AB  - Adverse neurobehavioral reactions have not been emphasized as a complication of
      metrizamide myelography. We encountered six such reactions in approximately 250
      metrizamide myelograms. All reactions followed either cervical myelography or
      panmyelography via lumbar puncture. We also treated a single case of tonic-clonic
      seizure after intracranial spill of metrizamide in a patient without a history of
      seizure disorder, and a case of myoclonus following a thoracic metrizamide
      myelogram that showed a highgrade block. Metrizamide should not be used if an
      intrathecal block is suspected, or if the location to be studied makes
      intracranial spill difficult to avoid.

PMID- 6824458
TI  - Origin of far-field subcortical evoked potentials to posterior tibial and median
      nerve stimulation. A comparative study.
AB  - Posterior tibial nerve (PTN) evoked potentials (EPs) at the lumbar-low thoracic
      level have waveforms similar to median nerve (MN) EPs at the cervical level. They
      consist of a short-duration negativity (N18 and N10, respectively), which
      reflects the afferent volley before it enters the spinal canal, and a longer
      duration, later negativity (N20 and N12, respectively), which consists mainly of
      slow frequencies and most probably is a postsynaptic dorsal cord potential. At
      the neck-scalp derivation the MN EP consists of two near-field negativities (N10
      and N12) that are recorded from the neck electrode and two far-field positivities
      (P11 and P13) that are recorded from the scalp electrode. The neck-scalp response
      to PTN stimulation consists of a near field potential N24 that is followed by a
      far-field potential P27.

PMID- 6824460
TI  - American Board of Ophthalmology. Innovations for the first medical specialty
      board.

PMID- 6824463
TI  - Botulin ophthalmoplegia. Clinical and oculographic observations.
AB  - Two patients with botulin ophthalmoplegia had rapid quivering eye motions during
      attempts to refixate laterally placed objects; these abnormal eye movements
      occurred in conjunction with a disjunctive limitation of range of eye movements.
      Oculographic examination showed that the quivering motions were composed of
      multiple hypometric saccades, many of which had subnormal and stuttering
      velocities. By blocking acetylcholine release into myoneural junctions, botulin
      toxin seems to limit the duration of saccadic burst innervation reaching ocular
      muscle.

PMID- 6824461
TI  - Periodic alternating gaze deviation with dissociated secondary face turn.
AB  - Periodic alternating gaze (PAG) deviation and secondary face turn occurred in a 4
      year-old boy with an Arnold-Chiari (Chiari type 2) malformation and
      hydrocephalus. The child also had a periodic alternating esotropia. Reports of
      only three other similar cases could be found. To our knowledge, this is the
      youngest patient described in the literature and the first time PAG deviation and
      esotropia have been associated with the Arnold-Chiari malformation.

PMID- 6824462
TI  - Analysis of characteristic eye movement abnormalities in internuclear
      ophthalmoplegia.
AB  - Quantitative electro-oculographic recording techniques were used to analyze four
      characteristic eye movement abnormalities in 21 patients with internuclear
      ophthalmoplegia (INO). The frequency of each of the abnormalities was determined
      to suggest a pattern that is the most sensitive in detecting the syndrome of INO.
      Slowing of the adducting saccade was the most frequently found abnormality, being
      present in all patients. The other characteristic eye movement disorders were
      found less frequently: dissociated nystagmus at 30 degrees of eccentric gaze,
      dysmetria of the abducting eye, and limitation of adduction. The most sensitive
      pattern for detecting an INO seems to be slowing of the adducting saccade
      combined with either dissociated nystagmus or dysmetria of the abducting eye.
      Limitation of adduction was seen much less frequently.

PMID- 6824464
TI  - Fixation of normal and amblyopic eyes.
AB  - During attempts to maintain steady fixation on a small target for 6 s, amblyopic
      eyes drifted more than did normal eyes. Neither the magnitude of this long-term
      drift (LTD) nor the SE of eye position correlated with the visual acuity of the
      amblyopic eye. However, when the SE of eye position was corrected for the LTD,
      the corrected SE tended to be larger in amblyopic eyes than in normal eyes and
      correlated with the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye.

PMID- 6824459
TI  - Myoclonus in a case of suspected progressive rubella panencephalitis.
AB  - Predominantly unilateral myoclonus induced by movement of the affected parts in a
      21-year-old Japanese man with suspected progressive rubella panencephalitis
      appeared in the course of treatment for epilepsy with anticonvulsant drugs after
      five years. Antirubella antibody levels in the serum and CSF were elevated and
      IgM antibody against rubella was found in the serum. An EEG recorded while the
      patient was awake showed diffuse 3- to 4-Hz theta activity with high voltage. The
      neurological symptoms are progressing slowly.

PMID- 6824465
TI  - Suppression in strabismus and the hemiretinal trigger mechanism.
AB  - A perimeter and a modified Lees screen were used to determine the area of visual
      field that is suppressed in strabismus. Strabismic patients without fusion
      suppress the whole area of the visual field of the deviating eye that could have
      correspondence with the dominant eye. In the monofixation syndrome, suppression
      only involves the fovea and the diplopic point of the deviating eye. Diplopia, if
      present, is appreciated throughout the visual field shared by the two eyes,
      except for the blind spots. No evidence of hemiretinal suppression was found in
      any type of horizontal strabismus, including exotropia. However, there is a
      hemiretinal trigger mechanism for suppression. Once suppression has been
      triggered by this mechanism, it involves the whole visual field of the deviating
      eye, except for the monocular temporal crescent.

PMID- 6824457
TI  - Complex partial status epilepticus.
AB  - Two children had complex partial status epilepticus, a rare convulsive disorder.
      The presumptive clinical diagnosis was based on the complex symptomatology
      occurring within a fluctuating state of consciousness, and on unsustained
      responses. The diagnosis was confirmed by the ictal EEG, which demonstrated
      continuous focal discharge in the left temporal region in one patient, and by
      constant focal spike-and-wave activity over the right temporal areas, which
      occasionally became hypersynchronous, in the other. We also discuss the possible
      anatomical substrate and neurophysiological mechanisms of this entity.

PMID- 6824466
TI  - Pseudophakic serous maculopathy.
AB  - A 73-year-old woman experienced a serous macular detachment following an
      uncomplicated planned extracapsular cataract extraction with placement of a
      posterior chamber intraocular lens with general anesthesia. To our knowledge,
      this complication of cataract surgery, with or without lens implantation, has not
      been previously reported. The specific cause of this chorioretinopathy is not
      clear. Breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane
      choriocapillaris barrier due to surgical procedure would appear to be the most
      likely cause. The macular detachment gradually resolved, leaving the patient with
      excellent visual acuity.

PMID- 6824467
TI  - Electroretinography in the prognosis and classification of central retinal vein
      occlusion.
AB  - Forty-five patients with a central retinal vein occlusion were divided into three
      groups: those with venous stasis retinopathy (VSR, n = 27), those with
      hemorrhagic retinopathy (HR, n = 6), and those with undetermined retinopathy (n =
      12). The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded in all cases. The average b/a-wave
      amplitude ratio of the single white-flash ERG was 1.67 for the VSR group and 0.70
      for the HR group. The ERG responses in the group with undetermined retinopathy
      helped to assess the degree of retinal ischemia and to further categorize the
      disorder as either VSR or HR. The b/a amplitude ratio reflected the degree of
      retinal ischemia and had prognostic value in predicting in which cases
      neovascular glaucoma may develop. The average b/a ratio in the six cases in which
      neovascular glaucoma developed was 0.84. This complication did not develop in any
      patient with a b/a ratio greater than 1. Four patients with low b/a ratios
      (average, 0.73) were treated with panretinal photocoagulation; neovascular
      glaucoma developed in none.

PMID- 6824470
TI  - Instantaneous tonometry.
AB  - Respiration and arterial pulse cause intraocular pressure to cyclically vary
      around a mean pressure. Both the respiratory and arterial pulse waves approximate
      sine waves, and we have represented the IOP cycle as the sum of sinusoidal
      pressure waves. A rapidly acting tonometer may record any portion of the IOP
      cycle. We have computed the probability that a single pressure measurement will
      lie within a given interval around mean IOP and the probability that the mean of
      several such measurements will lie within a given range of mean pressure. The
      probability that an IOP estimate will lie in a given range of mean IOP decreases
      as the IOP cycle amplitude increases but increases as the number of tonometric
      measurements averaged together increases.

PMID- 6824469
TI  - Bilateral congenital lacrimal sac mucoceles with nasal extension and drainage.
AB  - A newborn infant with bilateral mucoceles of the lacrimal sacs also had
      submucosal masses along the floor of the nose beneath the inferior turbinates
      communicating with the mucoceles. Drainage of the mucoceles was performed by
      needle aspiration and wide marsupialization of the nasal masses into the nose
      under direct visualization. To our knowledge, this is the first time that
      intranasal extension of mucoceles has been reported, and the first time that
      lacrimal sac mucoceles have been successfully treated via direct nasal drainage.
      We advocate careful nasal evaluation in cases of congenital lacrimal sac
      mucoceles to determine whether intranasal extension is common and whether
      intranasal drainage can be curative.

PMID- 6824468
TI  - Failure of choroidal melanoma to respond to helium ion therapy.
AB  - Helium ion irradiation is a promising alternative therapy for choroidal melanoma.
      In short-term follow-up (less than 5 years), more than 90% (18/19) of treated
      patients demonstrated tumor regression. We had to enucleate five eyes after
      helium ion therapy either because of continued tumor growth (four patients) or
      other complications (one patient). Two melanomas continued to grow and seemed to
      be radioresistant. In two other tumors it retrospectively seemed that the entire
      lesion was not inside the radiation field. In one patient total retinal
      detachment and glaucoma developed; enucleation was performed because of a painful
      eye. Metastatic disease developed in no patients. The treatment failures
      emphasize that there are a number of unresolved issues regarding the use of
      charged-particle irradiation in the treatment of melanoma. Further studies must
      be performed to answer these questions and better delineate the use of these
      newer forms of therapy.

PMID- 6824471
TI  - Juvenile fibrosarcoma of the orbit and eyelid. A study of five cases.
AB  - Five patients had juvenile fibrosarcoma of the orbit and eyelid. At initial
      surgical intervention, the patients ranged in age from newborn to 8 years (mean,
      3 years 9 months). Three patients were male and two were female. Proptosis and/or
      painless swelling of the eyelid were the most common signs and symptoms. Four
      tumors grew within a few weeks or months, and all five were poorly circumscribed.
      They were composed of immature, spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells in a classic
      herringbone pattern or in interlacing fascicles. Hypercellularity and mitotic
      activity were present in all lesions. The differential diagnosis included
      rhabdomyosarcoma, fibromatosis, and fibrous histiocytoma. Electron microscopy
      confirmed the fibroblastic nature of the tumor cells in three cases. Follow-up
      ranged from one to 32 years (median, seven years). Two of five tumors recurred
      locally but none metastasized. Apparently surgical excision is the treatment of
      choice and the tumor has a favorable prognosis.

PMID- 6824472
TI  - Jones' tubes. How good are they?
AB  - Jones' tubes were placed in 40 patients with canalicular obstruction and
      epiphora. Thirty of 35 patients (85.7%) followed up for two to 86 months had good
      results. There were five failures due to granulation tissue formation, diplopia,
      and patient dissatisfaction.

PMID- 6824473
TI  - Use of temporal fascia and muscle as an autograft.
AB  - A wide variety of materials have been used for reconstruction around the eyelids
      and orbit, including alloplastic materials, such as polyfilament surgical suture
      (Supramid), silicone, and Teflon, that have a tendency toward early infection or
      late extrusion. Preserved homografts, such as sclera or fascia lata, are unlikely
      to extrude but have variable absorption rates. Autografts have proved over the
      years to be the best, most reliable, and least reactive material for
      reconstruction. Our use of temporal fascia and muscule grafts has been quite
      successful.

PMID- 6824474
TI  - Penetration of topical indomethacin into phakic and aphakic rabbit eyes.
AB  - The penetration of indomethacin labeled with radioactive carbon (14C) into all
      ocular tissues and fluids was determined at various intervals in both phakic and
      aphakic rabbit eyes after either single or multiple (every 12 hours for three
      days) topical application (50 microL) regimens. More indomethacin was found in
      the vitreous of aphakic eyes compared with phakic eyes after single- or multiple
      drop administration. Retinal and choroidal indomethacin concentrations were equal
      in both phakic and aphakic eyes after either drug regimen and are much greater
      than those of the vitreous. A pathway other than diffusion through the vitreous
      exists for the drug to reach these tissues. The concentration of indomethacin
      reaching the retina and choroid is not sufficient to inhibit prostaglandin
      formation locally. The concentrations of indomethacin are high enough to inhibit
      the biotransformation of prostaglandin precursor only in the anterior segment.

PMID- 6824475
TI  - Suctioning sponge.
AB  - A newly devised sponge absorbs and suctions blood and irrigation fluids during
      surgical procedures. This new sponge eliminates the need for the frequent
      exchange of sponges during an operation. Although the sponge was designed for
      ophthalmic operations, it can be used in other types of surgical procedures as
      well.

PMID- 6824476
TI  - Corneal melting syndrome.

PMID- 6824477
TI  - Corneal xerophthalmia.

PMID- 6824478
TI  - Metabolic acidosis from acetazolamide therapy.

PMID- 6824479
TI  - Laser iridotomy.

PMID- 6824480
TI  - Reconstruction of the paralyzed face with the polypropylene mesh template.
AB  - Several techniques for static suspension of soft tissues in facial paralysis are
      available, including this use of the polypropylene (Marlex) mesh template.
      Through a standard rhytidectomy, lip and melolabial incisions, this template can
      be attached to the pivotal facial suspension points to bring about a selective
      and adjustable redistribution of the facial soft tissues. Although not meant to
      replace autogenous tissue use or physiologic reanimation procedures, this
      technique proved to be useful in three selective cases. The functional and
      cosmetic consequences of the polypropylene mesh template insertion on both a
      model and on three clinical patients with unilateral facial paralysis illustrate
      this technique. The concept of facial suspension along with its limitations,
      especially as it relates to template use and static facial suspension, are
      discussed.

PMID- 6824481
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of congenital facial paralysis.
AB  - An approach to the evaluation and the preferred methods of treatment of
      congenital facial paralysis is presented. The expected results from testing
      procedures and the limitations of their usefulness in acquired v developmental
      palsies are discussed. We recommend that the auditory brain-stem response test be
      included in the initial evaluation of patients with congenital facial paralysis.

PMID- 6824482
TI  - Current concepts of browpexy.
AB  - The excess skin of the upper lid is not uncommonly secondary to the ptosis of the
      eyebrows. Blepharoplasty not only fails to correct this deformity but, in fact,
      may aggravate the sagging of the eyebrow, imparting a sad and elderly appearance
      to the face. A gracefully arching eyebrow at or slightly above the supraorbital
      rim renders the face more alert and beautiful. Of many procedures described,
      three browpexy techniques have withstood the test of time, each with its own set
      of advantages and limitations: (1) direct, (2) midforehead, and (3) frontal lift.
      Particular emphasis is given to the coronal-type forehead lift which, in addition
      to browpexy, can deal with the ptosis of the forehead, transverse forehead
      wrinkles, and glabellar rhytids.

PMID- 6824486
TI  - Circumoral chemical peel combined with cervicofacial rhytidectomy.
AB  - Forty consecutive cervicofacial rhytidectomies were performed; 36 were carried
      out in women and four in men, giving a rate of 10% for male rhytidectomies.
      Thirty-one of the female patients and one male patient had a circumoral chemical
      peel performed the day of surgery or the following day for a rate of 80%
      circumoral peel combined with rhytidectomy. The cases were carefully reviewed for
      results, and it was believed that circumoral chemical peeling combined with
      rhytidectomy greatly enhanced the overall result in the majority of cases in
      which it was performed. The only complication noted was slight hypopigmentation
      of the peeled skin compared with the surrounding cheek skin in some cases, which
      is easily covered with cosmetics and did not present a problem in any of the
      cases.

PMID- 6824483
TI  - Midforehead lift.
AB  - Ptosis of the brow-glabellar tissues with or without vertical and horizontal
      wrinkling accompanies aging in other areas of the face. The direct browlift is
      effective in elevating and shaping brow tissues, but leaves a scar at the brow
      forehead juncture and does little for glabellar deformity. The coronal forehead
      lift allows the correction of brow-glabellar ptosis and wrinkling with camouflage
      of the scar in the scalp. Male pattern hairline, thinning hair, or a high
      hairline may contraindicate this approach. Our technique for treating these
      patients is the midforehead lift. We review the anatomical considerations,
      patient selection, and surgical technique, showing representative cases.

PMID- 6824484
TI  - Controlled tip sculpturing with the morselizer.
AB  - Modification and refinement of the nasal tip has long been regarded as the most
      difficult and complicated procedure in rhinoplasty. The various procedures and
      approaches to this surgery have been characterized by removal of increasing
      amounts of lateral crus in an effort to develop greater definition of the tip.
      This has resulted in a number of iatrogenic deformities. In addition, it has
      resulted in undesirable and uncontrolled amounts of rotation and
      retrodisplacement. A technique with some variations that I have used for a number
      of years serves to overcome most of these problems while providing excellent
      definition to the tip. This method, with some variations, leaves 90% to 100% of
      the lower lateral cartilages of the nose that serves as a lateral strut. This
      limits the retrodisplacement and rotation that takes place when scar tissue
      replaces the excised lower lateral cartilages of the nose.

PMID- 6824489
TI  - Benign parotid tumors.

PMID- 6824490
TI  - Temporomandibular joint syndrome.

PMID- 6824485
TI  - Chemical face peel complicated by toxic shock syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 6824487
TI  - Reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the cheek.
AB  - Six patients required reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the cheek and
      underlying maxilla. We preferred to use a technique employing local cervicofacial
      rotation advancement flaps. The advantages of this technique include an excellent
      color match and placement of the line of closure in natural junction zones of the
      face. Problems that must be dealt with include correction of ectropion and
      revision of the lower portion of the nose. An alternative means of reconstruction
      consists of prosthetic management and the use of a regional pedicle flap. Careful
      monitoring of the soft-tissue margins, evaluation for possible cranial nerve
      involvement, and the use of postoperative irradiation therapy are important
      therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 6824488
TI  - Hereditary angioneurotic edema first observed as an epiglottiditis.

PMID- 6824492
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma.

PMID- 6824491
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Squamous papilloma of the external auditory canal.

PMID- 6824493
TI  - Interaction of two lipid disorders in a large French-Canadian kindred.
AB  - This study investigates the pedigree of 508 individuals over five generations
      identified by an individual with hypertriglyceridemia, familial
      hypercholesterolemia, and a IIb lipoprotein electrophoretic phenotype. The sample
      of 378 living individuals studied extensively for risk factors and disease status
      was distributed among maternal (170) and paternal (176) relatives and the
      codescendants (32) of the index case. It was found that the distributions of the
      plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in the different subsets of the
      kindred were consistent with the presence of two separate hereditary lipid
      disorders: familial hypercholesterolemia on the paternal side and familial
      hyperprebetalipoproteinemia on the maternal side. This combination of disorders
      with a possible contribution from factors influencing glucose metabolism was
      associated with high frequency of hypercholesterolemia and its clinical
      manifestations and of cardiovascular morbidity among the codescendants. An
      interaction effect is suggested as an explanation for the unusually high
      prevalence of hyperlipidemia among the codescendants and for the presence of a
      IIb phenotype in the index case.

PMID- 6824494
TI  - Pulsatile flow in a model carotid bifurcation.
AB  - Pulsatile flow in an in vitro model of the human carotid bifurcation was studied
      by flow visualization using hydrogen bubble techniques. A glass model was
      constructed after determining an average geometry from 57 biplanar angiograms of
      22 subjects ranging from 34 to 77 years of age. The flow pulse used was a half
      sine wave superimposed upon a mean flow. Maximum and minimum values of the
      instantaneous Reynolds number were 1200 and 400, respectively, based upon
      conditions in the common carotid model artery; the frequency parameter was 6.0.
      The division of flow into the internal external branches was 70:30. Visualization
      by hydrogen bubbles demonstrated significant deviations from steady flow
      behavior. Flow separated in the carotid sinus over the entire cycle, but the
      location and extent of separation varied strongly. The direction of flow near the
      walls of the model changed sharply during the cycle except for the region near
      the apex of the bifurcation where the orientation of streaklines was more nearly
      unidirectional at all times. Bubbles entering the separated flow region tended to
      remain entrapped there for several cycles. Rapid dispersion of bubbles occurred
      in the internal branch near the end of systole, suggesting the presence of flow
      disorder. The location of low wall shear stresses, directionally varying
      stresses, and longer residence times for fluid elements appears to coincide with
      the localization of early atheromatous plaques in human carotid specimens.

PMID- 6824495
TI  - Overproduction of low density lipoproteins associated with coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - The turnover rates of low density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein (apoLDL) were
      determined in eight men with coronary heart disease (CHD) and seven men matched
      for age, weight, and plasma lipid levels who were used for controls. The CHD
      patients were normocholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol = 204 +/- 8 mg/dl sem) as
      were the control subjects (227 +/- 15 mg/dl). The concentrations of plasma LDL
      cholesterol and apoLDL were similar for the two groups. In contrast, the
      synthetic rates of apoLDL were higher in the CHD patients (20.0 +/- 1.8
      mg/kg/day) than in the controls (12.9 +/- 1.1 mg/kg/day) (p less than 0.01). The
      ratios of protein-to-cholesterol in LDL averaged 19% higher in the CHD patients.
      These patients with CHD maintained normal LDL levels despite an over-production
      of apoLDL because of an increased capacity for LDL removal; their fractional
      catabolic rates of apoLDL averaged 43% higher than those of the controls. These
      findings indicate that some patients with CHD have abnormalities in the turnover
      of apoLDL, even with normal concentrations of LDL; these abnormalities may
      contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6824496
TI  - Remnants of lipoproteins of intestinal and hepatic origin in familial
      dysbetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - We used the low molecular weight form of apolipoprotein B (B-48) as a marker for
      the identification of remnant particles formed from chylomicrons in the plasma of
      patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. In the serum of patients fasted 14
      hours, the d less than 1.006 g/cm3 lipoproteins of prebeta mobility, separated by
      starch block electrophoresis, contained only the primary hepatogenous species of
      apolipoprotein B (B-100), and their lipid composition resembled that of normal
      prebeta very low density lipoproteins. In contrast, the fraction with beta
      mobility contained both the B-48 and B-100 proteins; the B-48 protein was found
      primarily among the largest particles. All fractions of beta mobility were
      greatly enriched with cholesteryl esters. The beta fraction thus contains remnant
      particles which appear to originate both from chylomicrons and hepatogenous very
      low density lipoproteins. It appears that these remnant particles share a common
      removal mechanism which is impaired in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 6824497
TI  - Age-related changes in composition and mechanical properties of the tunica media
      of the upper thoracic human aorta.
AB  - A cylindrical segment, free of complex atherosclerotic lesions, was resected at
      autopsy from each of 59 descending human thoracic aortas by cutting just below
      the level of the first pair of intercostal arteries and 35 mm distal to this
      incision. Each isolated tunica media was defatted and subjected to successive
      treatment with EDTA-Tris, 5 M guanidine hydrochloride-Tris, 5 M guanidine
      hydrochloride-Tris-DTE, collagenase and either trypsin or hot alkali. After each
      extraction or digestion, the dimensions and weight of the segments were measured
      and the extracted materials were analyzed and quantitated. This allowed the total
      content of the various components of the tunica media to be assessed by both
      gravimetric and analytical means. An age-related rise was observed in the total
      content of the following components: proteins and glycoproteins soluble in
      chaotropic solvents (ranging from 24 mg/cm in the youngest samples to 46 mg/cm in
      the oldest) and collagen (38 mg/cm to 69 mg/cm). In contrast, the total content
      of elastin remained constant at 70 mg/cm at all ages, but its concentration
      decreased due to the rise in the concentration of the other tissue components as
      the tunica media thickened with age. It was also noted that with increasing age
      there was an accumulation of protein(s) which could not be solubilized by
      extraction with chaotropic agents or with collagenase, but which could be removed
      by treatment with either trypsin or hot alkali. Mechanical measurements conducted
      before and after trypsin digestion on samples previously subjected to
      purification with the first four agents used suggest that this accumulated
      protein(s) influenced the elastic response of the tissue to the applied stress by
      increasing the incremental modulus, the breaking stress, and the hysteresis.
      After the removal of this additional protein(s), the mechanical behavior of the
      elastin component was found to be identical in all samples, irrespective of age.
      It is therefore proposed that the morphological changes and the stiffening
      observed in the aging aortic wall are not due to degradation of its elastin
      network but to variations in the supramolecular organization of connective tissue
      components.

PMID- 6824498
TI  - Enhanced cholesterol delivery to cells in culture by low density lipoproteins
      from hypercholesterolemic monkeys.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the large molecular weight low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) of abnormal composition isolated from hypercholesterolemic
      nonhuman primates stimulates greater cholesterol accumulation in cells in culture
      than does the same amount of normal LDL. The purpose of the present study was to
      determine if a correlation existed over a range of LDL molecular weights with
      cholesterol accumulation in cells in culture, if the differential in cholesterol
      accumulation was the result of increased delivery of cholesterol to the cells and
      to evaluate the extent to which this differential was dependent on a functional
      LDL receptor pathway. Monkey and human skin fibroblasts were incubated for 24
      hours with LDL isolated from individual normal or hypercholesterolemic cynomolgus
      monkeys having LDL molecular weights ranging from 2.58-6.39 x 10(6), and the
      cellular free and esterified cholesterol contents were determined. There was no
      correlation of LDL molecular weight with accumulation of cellular free or
      esterified cholesterol with LDL from normal animals having molecular weight of
      2.58 to 3.08 X 10(6) or from hypercholesterolemic animals with LDL molecular
      weights greater than 4.5 x 10(6). There was a positive and significant
      correlation of LDL molecular weight with the accumulation of cellular free and
      esterified cholesterol with LDL molecular weights of 3.0 x 4.5 x 10(6). These
      differences were present when the LDL were added at equivalent protein or
      cholesterol concentrations and cannot be entirely explained by the increased
      amounts of cholesterol in LDL particles of larger molecular weight. The enhanced
      cellular cholesterol accumulation with hypercholesterolemic LDL seems to be the
      result of increased delivery of LDL cholesterol to the cells as shown by the
      increased rate of suppression of cellular sterol synthesis and LDL receptor
      activity, the increased stimulation of cholesterol esterification, and the
      increased accumulation of cellular 3H-cholesterol from LDL labeled with 3H
      cholesteryl oleate. This difference in cellular cholesterol accumulation requires
      that the LDL must be both bound and internalized by a functional LDL receptor
      pathway, since cells that lack LDL receptors or are unable to internalize their
      LDL receptors do not show increased accumulation of cholesterol when incubated
      with hypercholesterolemic LDL.

PMID- 6824499
TI  - Cellular pathology of progressive atherosclerosis in the WHHL rabbit. An animal
      model of familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - This report describes the features of developing atherosclerosis in the Watanabe
      heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, an animal model of human familial
      hypercholesterolemia. Observations were made in 18 homozygous WHHL rabbits, aged
      4 days to 15 months, fed standard rabbit chow; seven control New Zealand white
      rabbits fed a similar diet, and four New Zealand white rabbits fed rabbit chow
      containing 2% cholesterol and 10% corn oil for 2 weeks. The WHHL rabbits showed
      evidence of progressive disease of the aorta with accumulation of strongly
      birefringent lipid in intimal lesions, including fatty streaks, raised foam cell
      lesions, and plaques (atheromas), as well as in the media. As seen by electron
      microscopy, the cellular population of the intimal lesions consisted
      predominantly of smooth muscle cells with lipid deposits and lipid-laden foam
      cells. Lipid deposits occurred as cytoplasmic neutral lipid droplets and as
      multilamellar bodies. In addition to advanced atherosclerosis of the aorta, a 15
      month-old WHHL rabbit also had focal coronary atherosclerosis and subcutaneous
      xanthomas. The New Zealand white rabbits fed a high cholesterol and fat diet for
      2 weeks showed early intimal lipid accumulation in the aorta and prominent lipid
      accumulation in hepatocytes and macrophages of the liver and spleen. New Zealand
      white rabbits fed the standard rabbit chow had no abnormal lipid deposits. In
      contrast to the cholesterol-fed rabbits, WHHL rabbits had only mild lipid
      accumulation in other tissues. Thus, many similarities exist between
      atherosclerotic disease in the WHHL rabbit and in man. This study shows that the
      WHHL rabbit is a good model of familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6824500
TI  - Age-related changes in lymphoid tissue content of prostaglandins in (NZB X NZW)F1
      and CBA/H mice.

PMID- 6824501
TI  - Seizure after pulse therapy with methyl prednisolone.

PMID- 6824502
TI  - Protective effect of neural lesion on rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6824503
TI  - Possible beneficial effects of phenytoin for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6824505
TI  - Pac-Man phalanx.

PMID- 6824504
TI  - Toxicity from methotrexate may be dose related.

PMID- 6824506
TI  - The association of amyloid deposits and osteoarthritis.

PMID- 6824507
TI  - Anemia associated with rheumatoid disease. Inverse correlation between
      erythropoiesis and both IgM and rheumatoid factor levels.
AB  - Cell culture techniques were used to evaluate the number of erythroid colonies
      formed by circulating progenitor cells from 24 patients with rheumatoid disease
      and controls. A highly significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between
      erythroid colony counts and serum IgM and rheumatoid factor concentrations in the
      rheumatoid patients. The potential role of these factors in the pathogenesis of
      the anemia of rheumatoid disease is discussed.

PMID- 6824508
TI  - Trends in serum uric acid levels 1961--1980.
AB  - Uric acid levels of adult male volunteers in a longitudinal study of human aging
      rose steadily between 1961 and 1978. In the 1,141 men with 3 serial physical
      examinations, who developed no diseases and who took no drugs known to affect
      uric acid levels, levels rose from means below 5.5 mg/dl in 1961--1963 to means
      above 6.5 mg/dl in 1975--1978. The best predictor of a longitudinal increase in
      uric acid level was a gain in weight, but this, and other significant predictors,
      explained only a small portion of the increase in this population. Preliminary
      data available from a fourth examination indicate that the rising trend has
      leveled off.

PMID- 6824509
TI  - Gout in Heberden's nodes.

PMID- 6824510
TI  - Nonarticular gout: hyperuricemia and tophus formation without gouty arthritis.

PMID- 6824511
TI  - Free fatty acids in the pancreatitic arthritis syndrome.
AB  - Fat necrosis and arthritis occur in some individuals with pancreatitis. The
      intraarticular free fatty acid concentration was found to be markedly elevated in
      2 patients with this pancreatitic arthritis syndrome. Injection of free fatty
      acids into rabbit knees reproduced the inflammatory synovial response including
      intracellular fat globules within leukocytes. Free fatty acids exceeding the
      available binding sites of albumin appear to mediate the extrapancreatic
      inflammatory manifestations of this syndrome.

PMID- 6824512
TI  - Capacity to solubilize immune complexes in sera and synovial fluids from patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Fifty-six sera and 33 synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients were
      studied to evaluate their capacity to solubilize immune complexes. A decreased
      function was found in 65% of rheumatoid synovial fluids when compared with 13
      osteoarthritis synovial fluids. The decrease of immune complex solubilization
      capacity correlated with the decrease of hemolytic activity of the alternative
      complement pathway (P less than 0.001) and inversely with the level of immune
      complexes (P less than 0.05). Synovial fluids with low and normal immune complex
      solubilization capacity were compared; the results confirmed a possible role of
      the synovial complement system in modulating the size and thus the diffusion and
      clearance of locally generated immune complexes.

PMID- 6824513
TI  - Separation and characterization of immune complexes containing 19S IgM rheumatoid
      factor-IgG in juvenile arthritis.
AB  - Sera from 10 patients with juvenile arthritis (JA), 2 seropositive and 8 with
      hidden rheumatoid factor (RF), were subjected to affinity chromatography on a
      rabbit anti-human IgM column. Material retained by the column was eluted
      sequentially by 1M NH3 and 0.1M glycine-HCl buffer, pH 3.0. The affinity
      fractions contained both 19S IgM RF and IgG, while corresponding fractions from
      healthy controls contained neither. Sera from 15 patients with JA, 1 seropositive
      and 11 with hidden RF, were subjected to 4% polyethylene glycol precipitation
      followed by acid dissociation of the precipitate. Ten of 15 resultant fractions
      contained both IgM RF and IgG, while corresponding fractions from healthy
      controls contained only traces of IgG. Sera from 7 of these JA patients were
      subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and the resultant fractions
      analyzed for the presence of immune complexes by the C1q solid-phase assay.
      Immune complexes were detected at and ahead of the IgM marker, as expected for
      IgM RF-IgG complexes. These combined data show that the majority of JA patients
      with classic or hidden 19S IgM RF have immune complexes containing IgM RF and IgG
      in their sera.

PMID- 6824515
TI  - The effect of native and single stranded DNA on the platelet release reaction.
      Enhancement of aggregated IgG-induced serotonin release.
AB  - Native (n) but not single stranded (ss) DNA was found to induce release of 3H
      serotonin (5-HT) from platelets of the majority of normal individuals. However,
      ssDNA markedly enhanced 5-HT release induced by heat-aggregated IgG (aggIgG),
      while less enhancement was seen using nDNA. Similar enhancement was produced by
      polyinosinic acid but not by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. The ability of
      ssDNA to potentiate aggIgG-induced 5-HT release seemed specific for aggIgG, since
      no effect on ADP or epinephrine-induced release was observed and thrombin-induced
      release was inhibited. In contrast, nDNA in high concentrations (100
      micrograms/ml) potentiated ADP, epinephrine, and thrombin-induced 5-HT release.
      These results suggest that ss-and nDNA may interact with platelets by different
      mechanisms and provide a means by which DNA, released at sites of tissue injury,
      could modulate the role of platelets in the inflammatory response. The ability of
      DNA to enhance the aggIgG-induced platelet release reaction may be important in
      immune complex diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6824514
TI  - Cytotoxicity of sera from patients with scleroderma. Effects on human endothelial
      cells and fibroblasts in culture.
AB  - Sera from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were compared with sera
      from normal individuals and from patients with other connective tissue diseases
      for cytotoxic effects on cultured human cells. More than 40% of the sera from
      patients with active progressive systemic sclerosis were cytotoxic by several
      criteria for pulmonary arterial or umbilical venous endothelial cells, foreskin
      fibroblasts, and neuroblastoma cells. Cytotoxic sera caused morphologic changes,
      uptake of trypan blue dye, and a decrease in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      into DNA. In contrast, only 4 sera from normal individuals or patients with other
      rheumatic diseases affected cell morphology, staining, or uptake of 3H-thymidine.
      Partial characterization of the cytotoxic factor indicated that it is sensitive
      to proteolysis by trypsin. The molecular weight of the factor was estimated to be
      similar to that of albumin.

PMID- 6824516
TI  - Elevation of creatine kinase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Potential
      confusion with polymyositis.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were recorded in 100 patients with amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (ALS). CK concentrations were elevated in 43% of the patients,
      with a mean level of 240 U/liter and a range of 59-1,327 U/liter (male normal
      less than 95 U/liter, female normal less than 59 U/liter). All patients with
      elevated CK had muscle weakness. Seven patients were initially misdiagnosed as
      having polymyositis and given high dose corticosteroids without clinical benefit,
      prior to the diagnosis of ALS. Such diagnostic confusion can be avoided by an
      awareness that CK levels cannot be used to reliably differentiate between ALS and
      primary muscle disease such as polymyositis.

PMID- 6824517
TI  - Familial mediastinal fibrosis associated with seronegative spondylarthropathy.

PMID- 6824518
TI  - Acute renal failure possibly associated with fenoprofen therapy.

PMID- 6824519
TI  - The practical clinical value of testing for antiRANA antibody.

PMID- 6824520
TI  - Acute monarticular arthritis in association with herpes zoster.

PMID- 6824521
TI  - Inappropriate secretion of ADH in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6824522
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus, gout and Paget's disease.

PMID- 6824523
TI  - Pancreatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

PMID- 6824526
TI  - Does post-operative environment attenuate or exacerbate symptoms which follow
      hippocampal lesions in rats?
AB  - Rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions (L) and control rats were tested pre- and
      post-operatively, on a spontaneous alternation task. Four days after surgery, the
      L group alternated significantly less than the control group. Starting on the
      fifth post-operative day, all rats were placed for either 7, 15 or 23 days in one
      of three different environments: enriched, social or impoverished. Environmental
      enrichment increased significantly spontaneous alternation in L rats, even for
      the shortest enrichment period. Although this result might be task and lesion
      specific, it clearly indicates that post-operative environmental enrichment can
      help to reduce post-operative symptoms in brain-damaged animals.

PMID- 6824524
TI  - Hereditary covariations of neuronal circuitry and behavior: correlations between
      the proportions of hippocampal synaptic fields in the regio inferior and two-way
      avoidance in mice and rats.

PMID- 6824525
TI  - Circadian changes in the response of the rabbits retina to flashes.
AB  - It was previously shown that in rabbits the electroretinogram (ERG) and the
      visually evoked potential show a circadian rhythm consisting of a stable phase
      during which the animals respond to flashes with day time potentials and another
      phase with night time potentials (NTPs) and that the occurrence of the sharp
      phase transitions is programmed by the time course of the preceding light-dark
      schedule. From the present investigation it follows that photic sensitivity to
      flashes is markedly higher during the NTP-phase than in the other phase, whereas
      dark adaptation runs the same time course in both phases. With respect to the ERG
      it appears that, over a wide range of flash intensities its b wave only is
      affected by phase of the rhythm. The differences in photic responses between the
      2 phases are discussed in the light of possibly synchronous changes in the
      influence of sympathetic nerve fibres on eye structures.

PMID- 6824528
TI  - Circumvention of extraretinal photoresponses in assessing recovery of vision
      following optic nerve crush in goldfish.
AB  - Earlier experiments indicated that a conditioned light stimulus that was used to
      investigate the recovery of vision following optic nerve crush could evoke an
      extraretinal photoresponse. The present experiments sought to identify a visual
      stimulus that does not evoke a response following removal of both eyes for use in
      experiments on optic nerve regeneration. A stimulus consisting of a slight up
      down movement of a small ring of light, that was kept stationary between
      conditioning trials, was classically conditioned to shock in eyed fish and the
      conditioned response consisted of a suppression of branchial ventilation
      movements. Following bilateral enucleation or a sham operation the fish received
      additional sessions of conditioning trials over a period of 3 weeks.
      Postoperative responding to the moving light stimulus was blocked in the
      enucleated but not the sham-operated fish. When the ring of light was turned on
      and off as a conditioned stimulus, responding was extensively but not completely
      eliminated following enucleation. The investigation confirms that extraretinal
      photostimulation can be classically conditioned to shock in at least some
      goldfish, and it shows that such conditioning can be circumvented by using a
      small moving light as the conditioned stimulus.

PMID- 6824527
TI  - Facilitation of memory retrieval by centrally administered catecholamine
      stimulating agents.
AB  - Amnesia for inhibitory avoidance learning induced in mice by a post-training
      injection of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin was alleviated in a dose
      dependent fashion by introcerebroventricular injections of D-amphetamine (20
      micrograms), dopamine (10, 25 and 50 micrograms) and the dopamine agonist
      lisuride (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms), given 5 min before the retention test. Animals
      which received avoidance training in a different apparatus did not show increased
      test latencies following drug treatment thus eliminating non-specific behavioral
      suppression as an explanation for the findings. Neither norepinephrine nor the
      norepinephrine agonist clonidine was able to reverse the amnesia. These findings
      indicate that central dopamine systems may play a role in the retrieval of
      inhibitory avoidance learning.

PMID- 6824529
TI  - Circadian rhythm dissociation induced by periodic feeding in rats with
      suprachiasmatic lesions.
AB  - Rats with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were maintained in
      constant darkness and placed on restricted feeding schedules with 1 h access to
      food twice per day. When both schedules had a 24 h period and food access was
      spaced 12 h apart, all rats with SCN lesions displayed anticipatory activity to
      both feedings. In the first experiment, the period of one schedule was then
      changed to 25 h while the other continued with a period of 24 h. None of the rats
      with SCN lesions were able to anticipate both schedules simultaneously. In a
      second experiment, 24 h and 24.5 h schedules were used. Five of 6 rats with SCN
      lesions anticipated both schedules for at least 9 days and 2 of these anticipated
      both schedules for 48 days. This forced dissociation of activity into two
      components with different periods is consistent with the hypothesis that
      entrainment of activity by restricted food access is mediated by more than one
      circadian pacemaker.

PMID- 6824530
TI  - Disturbance of stereoscopic vision in patients with unilateral stroke.

PMID- 6824532
TI  - Thrombi in antrum atrii dextri of human heart as clinically important source for
      chronic microembolisation to lungs.
AB  - In many cases of chronic microembolic pulmonary hypertension the source of the
      emboli is unknown. Disease or injury to the sinus node is usually accompanied by
      thrombus formation within the antrum atrii dextri, and this region is not often
      inspected carefully during necropsy. In the present study the hearts of 14
      patients with right ventricular hypertrophy or documented pulmonary hypertension
      showed disease or injury in the sinus node, and each had both old and recent
      thrombosis in the antrum atrii dextri. In all 14 cases both lungs were available
      for histological examination. The group included six cases of rheumatic heart
      disease with mitral stenosis, four cases of disseminated lupus erythematosus, and
      four cases of so-called primary pulmonary hypertension. Every lung contained both
      new and old microemboli, as well as a wide variety of other histological
      abnormalities narrowing the small pulmonary arteries. Many of these narrowing
      lesions were recognisable as the consequence of prior microembolisation. For
      future postmortem examination of cases of chronic microembolic pulmonary
      hypertension, mural thrombi within the antrum atrii dextri should be considered
      as one important potential source for recurring microembolisation to the lungs.

PMID- 6824531
TI  - Comparative prognostic value of radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during
      exercise in 100 patients after first myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6824533
TI  - Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy associated with primary pulmonary
      hypertension and recurrent pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6824534
TI  - Evidence of congenital heart disease in the offspring of parents with
      atrioventricular defects.
AB  - Fifty-two of the 56 offspring from 90 patients with proven atrioventricular
      defects were examined. There were five with congenital heart disease. The defects
      were concordant in three and discordant in two. The mother was the affected
      propositus in all cases. In this relatively small sample the incidence of
      congenital heart disease in the offspring of parents with atrioventricular
      defects was 9.6%, or 14.3% if only the female propositi were considered. This is
      a much higher figure than that reported for the simple forms of isolated
      congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6824537
TI  - Intracranial arteriovenous malformation with aneurysm of the vein of Galen as
      cause of heart failure in infancy. Echocardiographic diagnosis and results of
      treatment.

PMID- 6824536
TI  - Clinical value of echocardiographic colour image processing in two cases of
      primary cardiac tumour.

PMID- 6824535
TI  - Unilateral absence or extreme hypoplasia of pulmonary veins.

PMID- 6824538
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of isolated atrial defects.

PMID- 6824542
TI  - Multiple peripheral emboli after cardiac trauma.

PMID- 6824541
TI  - Effect of hydration state on cardiac function in patients on chronic
      haemodialysis.
AB  - Haemodynamic studies were performed at rest and during exercise in five chronic
      haemodialysis patients at two different states of hydration, called "normal
      hydration" and "over-hydration" (mean change in body weight 2.9 kg). Apart from
      an increase in mean aortic pressure and cardiac index there were no signs of
      cardiac dysfunction at rest at normal hydration. On exercise the mean pulmonary
      artery and wedge pressure increased significantly while cardiac output doubled.
      Overhydration caused considerable increases in right and left sided heart
      pressures at rest, without any increase in cardiac index. These changes became
      more pronounced during exercise. Anaemia and arteriovenous shunting make dialysis
      patients very sensitive to volume load. Extreme anaemia should be avoided, and
      keeping dialysis patients in a state of low volume load should be given high
      priority.

PMID- 6824539
TI  - Non-invasive quantification of aortic regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the contribution of Doppler echocardiography
      to the quantification of aortic valve regurgitation. Ultrasound examination was
      performed by recording aortic arch blood flow from the suprasternal notch. A non
      invasive index of valve regurgitation was obtained by calculating the ratio
      between the maximal amplitude of forward flow during systole and the amplitude of
      retrograde flow during diastole measured at the onset of the R wave of the
      electrocardiogram. This index was compared with semiquantitative data derived
      from supravalvular aortography in 93 patients. In pure aortic regurgitation (67
      patients) the results showed a high correlation coefficient between Doppler and
      angiographic estimates. In cases of associated aortic valve stenosis there were
      problems in the accurate estimation of systolic blood flow which led to global
      overestimation in general of the degree of regurgitation and considerable lack of
      precision in individual patients. But in general Doppler echocardiography
      appeared to be a successful technique to quantify pure aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 6824540
TI  - Acute cardiovascular effects of ethanol A controlled non-invasive study.
AB  - The acute cardiac effects of ethanol (1 g/kg orally within 60 minutes) were
      examined in 22 healthy volunteers (11 men and 11 women) by M-mode
      echocardiography and systolic time intervals for three hours after beginning
      ingestion. Each subject also took part in a control study, in which the same
      volume of juice was substituted for ethanol. Heart rate increased by 15% and
      cardiac output by 17% during ethanol intake, while total peripheral resistance
      decreased by 15%. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was shortened by 2%
      during the declining phase of blood ethanol concentration; stroke volume and
      circumferential wall stress were simultaneously decreased by 7% and 5%,
      respectively. No ethanol-related changes were noted in echocardiographic indices
      of left ventricular function, neither were any sex differences observed in the
      cardiovascular changes after ethanol ingestion. Each of the systolic time
      intervals was significantly altered even during the control experiment. The
      responses of each of these intervals to ethanol differed significantly from those
      in the control test as well. Notably, the pre-ejection period/ejection time ratio
      rose after ethanol, this change, according to simultaneous echocardiographic
      data, resulting from reduced preload instead of impaired contractility, as
      maintained in previous investigations. It is concluded that alcohol in modest
      doses is capable of altering each of the extramyocardial influences on left
      ventricular function--heart rate, preload, and afterload--but does not impair
      myocardial performance, at least in normal subjects.

PMID- 6824543
TI  - Non-invasive evaluation of electrical cardiac injury.

PMID- 6824544
TI  - Transience of left ventricular thrombosis.
AB  - A left ventricular mural thrombus with a mobile appendix of 0.5 x 0.5 x 3 cm was
      shown by two dimensional echocardiography in a 31 year old man who had dilated
      congestive myocardial disease. Serial echocardiograms showed formation of the
      thrombus within three weeks and uncomplicated disappearance of the mobile clot
      within less than two days. Heparin and phenprocoumon were given in doses
      generally not accepted to affect left ventricular thrombosis adequately. Such
      transience of left ventricular thrombosis may be worth considering when deciding
      whether to treat patients with thrombi accidentally demonstrated by
      echocardiography; it also might explain some of the many negative examinations in
      the echocardiographic screening of patients with embolism.

PMID- 6824545
TI  - Congenital double chambered left ventricle treated by exclusion of accessory
      chamber.

PMID- 6824546
TI  - Genesis of high frequency heart sounds.

PMID- 6824548
TI  - Platelet deposition and thrombus formation.

PMID- 6824547
TI  - Treatment of peripheral circulatory insufficiency: problems in evaluating a new
      approach.

PMID- 6824549
TI  - Proceedings of the second symposium on mianserin. Jersey, April 1982.

PMID- 6824550
TI  - Observations on the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms during
      the course of depressive illnesses.
AB  - 1 Roth et al. (1972) have proposed that within the affective disorders there are
      two distinct syndromes--anxiety and depression--differentiated by the relative
      predominance of these symptoms, the presence or absence of premorbid maladaptive
      traits, and the natural outcome of the disorder. 2 Goldberg (1982) on the other
      hand has suggested that there is a substantial overlap between the two syndromes,
      and the symptoms of anxiety and depression correlate highly with each other. 3
      Patients tend to be treated with an anxiolytic or an antidepressant drug
      according to the predominance of anxiety or depressive symptoms. 4 There is
      conflicting evidence regarding the relative effectiveness of tricyclic
      antidepressants in psychotic (or endogenous) and neurotic (or reactive)
      depressive illness. Paykel (1972), however, found that the psychotic-neurotic
      dichotomy was not helpful in predicting outcome, whereas anxious depressives
      tended to respond poorly. 5 In three patients with affective illness, tested at
      regular intervals over the course of several weeks, anxiety and depressive
      symptoms fluctuated in a way which suggested that they were yoked to each other.
      A worsening indicated simultaneous deterioration of these symptoms. When they
      improved, this may have been due to the beneficial effects of the antidepressant
      drug administered. These findings suggest that antidepressants act, or fail to
      act, in a fundamental manner on the illness itself rather than on individual
      symptoms.

PMID- 6824551
TI  - The classification of depression.

PMID- 6824552
TI  - The clinical distinction between anxiety and depression.

PMID- 6824553
TI  - The prevention of recurrent suicidal acts.
AB  - 1 There have been few controlled prospective investigations into the prevention
      of suicidal behaviour and by and large they have failed to demonstrate the
      efficacy of social work, psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment. 2 A group of 58
      high-risk patients with multiple episodes of suicidal behaviour was treated with
      mianserin 30 mg at night or placebo in a six month double-blind trial of the
      efficacy of an antidepressant in reducing suicidal behaviour. 3 Patients were
      screened for depression, schizophrenia and organic disease. Patients were
      diagnosed as suffering from personality disorders according to DSM-III criteria
      mainly borderline or histrionic. 4 There was no significant difference in outcome
      between the mianserin and placebo treated group at any point in the six month
      study. 5 An item analysis of the MADRS showed that at entry the item 'reduced
      appetite' predicted subsequent suicidal attempt. The total MADRS score did not
      predict further suicidal acts at entry but was highly significant at four weeks.
      At four weeks the items 'reduced sleep' and 'reduced appetite' were highly
      significant predictors of further suicidal acts and the items 'lassitude',
      'suicidal thoughts', 'inability to feel' and 'pessimistic thoughts' were
      significant predictors.

PMID- 6824554
TI  - The concept and efficacy of the treatment of parasuicide.

PMID- 6824555
TI  - Mianserin and doxepin in the treatment of outpatient depression with anxiety.
AB  - 1 A double-blind group comparative trial was performed comparing mianserin
      (Bolvidon-Organon) and doxepin (Sinequan-Pfizer) in the treatment of depression
      with anxiety. 2 Sixty outpatients from two centres were divided into 'high' and
      'low' severity groups, based on initial HRS scores, and treated for four weeks. 3
      Standard rating scales for depression and anxiety demonstrated a substantial
      improvement with both drugs. However, no consistent difference in efficacy was
      found although the 'low severity' group appeared to respond better to mianserin.
      4 There was a greater incidence of drug-related side-effects with doxepin
      treatment.

PMID- 6824556
TI  - Mianserin, maprotiline and intracardiac conduction.
AB  - 1 High speed surface electrocardiograms were recorded in 35 patients during the
      baseline and after four weeks' treatment in a placebo-controlled trial of
      mianserin and maprotiline in primary depressive illness. 2 Measurements of the
      RR, PR and QT intervals, QRS width and T wave height were made blind to patient,
      drug and treatment interval and compared with plasma drug concentrations. The
      presence or absence of cardiac arrhythmias was recorded. 3 The only significant
      findings were an increased heart rate and PR interval and decreased QTc interval
      in the maprotiline group. Only one patient receiving maprotiline had a cardiac
      arrhythmia. There was no significant correlation between measurements of ECG
      parameters and plasma drug levels. 4 The results confirm the lack of cardiac
      effects of mianserin and show both anticholinergic activity and effects of an
      intracardiac conduction in the case of maprotiline. The mechanisms of these
      effects are discussed.

PMID- 6824559
TI  - Mianserin and blood dyscrasias.
AB  - 1 The haematological side-effects of mianserin have been studied. 2 There are 26
      reported cases, of which 19 appear to show a definite association with the drug.
      A high proportion are female. 3 A reversible agranulocytosis has been most
      commonly observed, occurring between four and six weeks of treatment. On
      cessation of therapy, the counts have recovered. 4 Three patients have died,
      following a longer course of treatment. Two of these were septicaemic and the
      third, thrombocytopenic in addition. This is probably related to a failure of
      marrow recovery owing to the longer exposure, in the third case progressing to
      aplasia. 5 The number of reported dyscrasias is extremely small compared with the
      number of courses of mianserin prescribed. 6 It is desirable that a blood
      examination should be made at four weeks after starting treatment with mianserin
      to identify those patients at risk.

PMID- 6824560
TI  - Antidepressant drugs, convulsions and epilepsy.
AB  - 1 Evidence concerning the convulsant effects of non-monoamine oxidase inhibitor
      antidepressant drugs has been reviewed. 2 Mianserin is convulsant in therapeutic
      doses but seizures have not been reported following overdose. 3 The convulsant
      effects of mianserin are probably no greater than for other non-monoamine oxidase
      inhibitor antidepressant drugs. 4 Enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs can reduce
      the peak plasma concentration of mianserin and shorten its elimination half-life,
      probably by inducing its metabolism.

PMID- 6824557
TI  - Mianserin, maprotiline and the electroencephalogram.
AB  - 1 EEGs were recorded from patients with depressive illness before and after four
      weeks of treatment with mianserin, maprotiline or placebo. 2 Visual analysis of
      the records showed a small but statistically significant increase in frequency of
      beta activity in the mianserin group. 3 One subject taking maprotiline developed
      spike and wave discharges but had no convulsive seizures. 4 The findings do not
      support those of previous studies. It seems that changes seen in the EEG early
      after treatment are not sustained for four weeks.

PMID- 6824558
TI  - The potential therapeutic role of the enantiomers and metabolites of mianserin.
AB  - 1 S(+)-mianserin is the more potent enantiomer of mianserin in pharmacological
      tests indicative for antidepressant activity. Pharmacological tests indicative
      for sedation suggest that sedative effects are similar for mianserin and its
      enantiomers. 2 Of the three compounds, mianserin had the optimal therapeutic
      ratio of antidepressant-like activity versus sedative properties when assessed by
      computerised EEG in healthy volunteers participating in a double-blind placebo
      controlled single dose trial. 3 Of the known metabolites, desmethylmianserin and
      8-hydroxymianserin substantially retain pharmacological properties indicative for
      antidepressant activity but are less active than mianserin in tests indicative
      for sedation. Mianserin-N-oxide is inactive or only weakly active in most
      pharmacological tests. 4 Desmethylmianserin occurs in human plasma after both
      single and multiple dosage to an extent of about one-third that of mianserin. 5
      Mianserin has optimal efficacy as the racemate. Desmethylmianserin and 8
      hydroxymianserin are pharmacologically active metabolites and may contribute to
      the overall antidepressant effects of mianserin.

PMID- 6824561
TI  - Mianserin and convulsive seizures.
AB  - 1 Forty patients have been reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM)
      because of convulsions occurring during treatment with mianserin, suggesting that
      this drug is more epileptogenic than tricyclic antidepressants. 2 Details
      concerning 83% of these cases were obtained in a questionnaire study carried out
      in collaboration with the CSM and compared with those of a control group. 3
      Ratings of the relationship between drug and effect carried out by neurologists
      and J.G.E. showed considerable variations and confidence of a causal connection
      in only a minority of patients. 4 As the CSM data do not allow for a reliable
      assessment of the relative epileptogenic effects of antidepressants, a comparison
      has been made between unpublished work on seizures occurring during treatment
      with imipramine and amitriptyline and published research on mianserin. This
      suggests that mianserin is no more epileptogenic than tricyclic antidepressants.
      5 Factors that might predispose to seizures include relevant family and past
      medical history, starting treatment, a change in dose, benzodiazepine withdrawal
      and concomitant treatment with other drugs that have epileptogenic properties.

PMID- 6824562
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of mianserin.
AB  - 1 The pharmacokinetics of mianserin hydrochloride have been determined in eight
      normal healthy volunteers, mean age 27, and 14 elderly patients, mean age 76. 2
      Mianserin was administered to volunteers by intravenous infusion (0.011 mg/kg/min
      for 15 min) and, on another occasion, by mouth, in a single dose of 30 mg.
      Elderly patients received a single oral dose of 40-60 mg. 3 The terminal
      elimination half-life was significantly prolonged in the elderly. In young
      subjects it was 9.6 +/- 1.9 (s.d.) h. In the elderly it was 27 +/- 13.1 (s.d.) h.
      4 Apparent oral clearance was significantly reduced in the elderly. In young
      subjects it was 87.1 +/- 32 (s.d.) h. In the elderly, it was 38.1 +/- 14.8 (s.d.)
      h. 5 These kinetic differences may have an important bearing on the sedative
      effects of mianserin.

PMID- 6824563
TI  - Assessment of the interaction between mianserin and centrally-acting
      antihypertensive drugs.
AB  - 1 The interaction between mianserin and centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs
      was evaluated in normal volunteers and in patients with essential hypertension
      receiving either clonidine or methyldopa. 2 The administration of the first dose
      of 20 mg mianserin to the normal volunteers was associated with a significant
      sedative effect and transient postural hypotension. 3 In the normal volunteers,
      the blood pressure responses to a single oral dose of 300 micrograms clonidine
      were not modified by pretreatment with mianserin. The bradycardia associated with
      clonidine alone, however, was significantly attenuated. 4 In the patient study,
      no significant changes in blood pressure control were observed, either after the
      first dose of 30 mg mianserin or after one and two weeks' continued treatment
      with mianserin. 5 There is no evidence from these studies that the addition of
      mianserin therapy results in a clinically significant impairment of the
      antihypertensive effects of clonidine or methyldopa.

PMID- 6824564
TI  - Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated and overnight gastric secretion by
      mianserin.
AB  - 1 The effects of mianserin (60 mg) have been studied on nocturnal and
      pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. 2 Mianserin reduced pentagastrin
      stimulated gastric acid secretion by 38%, pepsin by 40% and secretory volume by
      45% during a 1 h test. 3 Twelve-hour overnight secretion of acid was reduced by
      37%, while secretion of pepsin was reduced by 43% and secretory volume by 51%. 4
      No adverse effects were noted. 5 These findings, which achieve statistical
      significance, suggest the need for further study to evaluate the possible role of
      mianserin in the therapy of duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 6824565
TI  - Response of intestinal cells of differing topographical and hierarchical status
      to ten cytotoxic drugs and five sources of radiation.
AB  - The spacial distribution of cell death among the epithelial cells lining the
      adult mammalian small intestinal mucosa at various times after a range of doses
      of 10 different drugs as well as after internal or external irradiation (beta
      particles from tritium, gamma- and X-rays and neutrons) has been recorded. Cell
      death, expressed as pycnosis or apoptosis, has been recorded for each cell
      position up the side of the crypts of the small intestine. The results, in the
      form of distributions of dead cells at each cell position, show that each of the
      various cytotoxic agents tends to act preferentially over a characteristic small
      range of cell positions. Since cell position is likely to be related to
      hierarchical cell position within a family tree or cell lineage, each agent tends
      to act with greatest efficiency on cells at a particular position within the
      lineage. Adriamycin and the various forms of radiation tend to kill cells
      preferentially at cell position 4-5 i.e. on cells very early in the lineage,
      probably stem cells. Isopropyl-methane-sulphonate, nitrogen mustard and possibly
      Actinomycin-D act on cell position 6-7, while 5-fluorouracil, Myleran,
      cyclophosphamide, and cycloheximide tend to kill cells at cell position 7-9.
      Vincristine and hydroxyurea are the 2 agents that exhibit a specificity for cells
      highest up the crypt, i.e. latest in transit population of the cell lineage by
      acting on cell positions 10 or 11. The data also suggest that normal healthy
      cells continue to migrate up the crypt and onto the villus in spite of
      considerable cell death and reduced cell production.

PMID- 6824566
TI  - An investigation of the possibility of chemosensitization by clinically
      achievable concentrations of misonidazole.
AB  - Experiments have been carried out both in vitro and in vivo to examine the
      possibility of chemosensitization by misonidazole (MISO) at concentrations which
      are achievable in the clinic. Using multicellular tumour spheroids in vitro we
      found that a 16 h pre-incubation with 100 micrograms ml-1 MISO under hypoxic
      conditions led to a considerable enhancement of sensitivity to melphalan (MEL)
      but not to CCNU. Pre-incubation for 16 h under hypoxia alone also produced a
      degree of sensitization to MEL, but there was no effect of oxic pre-incubation
      with MISO. In vivo experiments using the KHT or RIF-1 tumours in C3H mice were
      designed so that repeated administration of MISO maintained blood concentrations
      of around 100 micrograms ml-1 for either 7 h or 16 h. For the 7 h regime,
      cytotoxic drugs were administered at the 4 h point. In most experiments the
      tumour response to MEL, cyclosphosphamide (CTX), chlorambucil or CCNU was no
      greater in mice receiving multiple MISO than in mice receiving multiple
      injections of a balanced salt solution. In the occasional experiment where there
      was an apparent increase in response, the effect was only small (dose modifying
      factor less than 1.5). For the 16 h regime the effect was studied of
      administering CTX (100 mg kg-1) at various times during the regime. There was a
      clear trend towards increased CTX response in mice receiving multiple MISO
      compared with controls. There was, however, no clear tendency for the effect to
      increase with length of MISO pre-exposure.

PMID- 6824567
TI  - Enhancement of the DNA cross-linking activity of melphalan by misonidazole in
      vivo.
AB  - The technique of alkaline elution has been adapted for the study of drug-induced
      DNA cross-link formation in vivo. Pretreatment with misonidazole (MISO) enhances
      the number of cross-links formed in a fibrosarcoma and in the spleen and gut of
      mice for periods up to 48 h following a single injection of melphalan (MEL). The
      tumour was sensitized by a greater factor (2.05) than either of the normal
      tissues (enhancement factor 1.4-1.5). This enhancement did not appear to be
      related to inhibition of the repair of actual cross-links. Rather, the effect was
      explicable in terms of one of two alternative models. Firstly, MISO pretreatment
      could result in a greater amount of binding of MEL to DNA at early times after
      injection. This may be the result of altered pharmacokinetics of MEL, or of
      enhanced intracellular uptake of MEL due to MISO pretreatment. Secondly, MISO may
      exert its affect by inhibition of the repair of cross-links or monoadducts at
      early times post-injection, which would not be observed in this study. The
      possible involvement of glutathione depletion in chemosensitization by MISO was
      investigated by comparison with the effect of diethyl maleate (DEM), a known
      thiol-depleting reagent. Glutathione depletion, while perhaps being important,
      could not account for all of the effects observed.

PMID- 6824568
TI  - Effects of lonidamine alone or combined with hyperthermia in some experimental
      cell and tumour systems.
AB  - Lonidamine or 1-[(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid,
      studied in a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests currently used for the
      screening of anti-tumour agents affecting cell division, has been shown to have a
      narrow spectrum of anti-tumour activity. The significance of this finding is
      discussed in the light of previous investigations suggesting that lonidamine
      affects mitochondrial function and not cell replication. Hyperthermia has been
      shown to sensitize tumour cells to lonidamine. This observation indicates that in
      combination with hyperthermia lonidamine has some potential for the treatment of
      cancer; moreover, it suggests that hyperthermia might reproduce a metabolic
      condition occurring in some stages of the disease. The blood levels corresponding
      to the anti-tumour action of lonidamine in animals are in the range of those
      detected in patients treated with the drug.

PMID- 6824569
TI  - In vitro thymidine labelling of human pulmonary neoplasms.
AB  - The in vitro thymidine labelling indices (TLI) of 58 human lung tumours were
      assessed using autoradiography. The labelling technique involved incubation of 1
      mm3 tumour fragments with 3H-thymidine (5 muCi ml-1) under conditions of
      hyperbaric oxygenation at a pressure of 3 atmospheres. Only a rim of labelling
      was achieved along the edges of fragments and the depth of this rim varied from
      tumour to tumour. A technique for counting TLIs was therefore devised to take
      this into account. In general, those tumours showing low TLI values of less than
      5.0% showed a greater depth of labelling. The common malignant tumours of the
      bronchus showed a wide range of values (2.2-30.4%) though the adenocarcinomata
      had a lower average value than the other groups. With the squamous carcinomata a
      relationship with differentiation was shown. The mean value for small cell
      carcinomata (16.9%)--a highly aggressive tumour--was no higher than for the other
      groups. The low grade malignant tumours showed TLIs of less than 3.0% and these
      values correlate with their less aggressive clinical behaviour. Labelling of
      stromal cells and inflammatory cells varied greatly from tumour to tumour;
      however, no correlation was found with the TLIs of tumour cells.

PMID- 6824572
TI  - Is folate absorption impaired by high dose methotrexate?

PMID- 6824570
TI  - Intra-tumoural variation of oestrogen receptor status in endometrial cancer.
AB  - Soluble and nuclear oestrogen receptor status was determined in both the central
      and peripheral portions of tumour for 37 cases of adenocarcinoma of the
      endometrium. Of these, 29 had functional receptor in the peripheral biopsy, but
      only 19 retained functional receptor in the centre. Six of the 10 patients whose
      tumours showed this difference came from the group of 12 patients who were
      immediately post-menopausal (4.50 +/- 1.45 y post-menopausal age). Receptor
      status was not related to tumour classification into histological grades I and
      II. However, receptor-negative central biopsies were significantly more likely (P
      less than 0.05) to be Grade III. Early relapse was also related to a receptor
      negative central biopsy.

PMID- 6824571
TI  - Circulating levels of testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, luteinising hormone and
      prolactin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
AB  - Serum testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin
      were measured in 28 postmenopausal breast cancer patients after mastectomy and in
      30 postmenopausal normal controls. In the patient group, mean levels of
      oestradiol, LH and prolactin did not differ significantly from those of the
      control group. Mean testosterone levels were higher in breast cancer patients
      than in normal controls, either considering the overall groups (P less than
      0.001) or dividing them into subgroups according to years since menopause. Breast
      cancer patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to time since mastectomy:
      19 patients had been examined within a year of mastectomy and 9 patients some
      years after mastectomy. Testosterone, but not oestradiol, LH or prolactin values
      in each subgroup were still significantly higher (P less than 0.001 and P less
      than 0.02, respectively) than in normal controls. Years since menopause were
      significantly correlated with testosterone (r = 0.533, P less than 0.01) but not
      with the other hormones in the cancer group. These results confirm our previous
      findings of increased urinary testosterone values in postmenopausal breast cancer
      patients and support the hypothesis that androgens may play a role in the
      development of breast cancer.

PMID- 6824573
TI  - Epidemiology of melanoma of the eye in the Oxford Region, 1952-78.

PMID- 6824574
TI  - Planning and comparisons in clinical trials.

PMID- 6824575
TI  - Mast cell numbers in incisional wounds in rat skin as a function of distance,
      time and treatment.
AB  - The dynamic changes in skin mast cell (MC) numbers around incised wounds were
      studied, using experimental designs amenable to multiple analyses of variance.
      Sixty-four Wistar albino rats were shaved in the interscapular region, wounded or
      not wounded, and then killed 2 or 10 days later. During this period, the rats
      were exposed continually to a cold (2 degrees C) or control (20 degrees C)
      climate and treated daily over the shaved region with either tap water or a weak
      sulphuric acid (pH 3.5) solution. The MCs within five adjacent fields of the
      wound or the control reference and within the superficial and deep halves of the
      skin were counted (at x 400). The greatest decrease in MC numbers occurred within
      about 700 microns of the wound. Whereas the paucity of MCs within the wound
      region was evident at 2 days, near-normal levels were achieved by day 10. Cold
      exposure produced little effect, but MCs responded differently to the water and
      acid treatments as a function of distance and skin depth.

PMID- 6824576
TI  - The role of trauma in the spreading weals of hereditary angio-oedema.
AB  - Twenty patients with hereditary angio-oedema (HAO) were regularly observed.
      Trauma often initiates the swellings of HAO which, once formed, may continue to
      spread. In the prodromal rash too, a narrow band of weals spreads out from a
      central point, which often corresponds to a site of trauma e.g. a pin prick. The
      relationship of these observations to the role of trauma in the initiation and
      spread of weals in other forms of urticaria is discussed.

PMID- 6824577
TI  - Secondary amyloidosis affecting the skin in arthropathic psoriasis.

PMID- 6824578
TI  - Immune deficiency and multiple viral warts: a possible variant of the Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome.

PMID- 6824579
TI  - Calmodulin levels are grossly elevated in the psoriatic lesion.

PMID- 6824580
TI  - Trichothiodystrophy--BIDS, IBIDS and PIBIDS?

PMID- 6824582
TI  - The stability and blanching efficiency of betamethasone-17-valerate in
      emulsifying ointment.

PMID- 6824581
TI  - Dilution of betamethasone ointment.

PMID- 6824585
TI  - Solid-phase vitamin B12 assays using polyacrylamide-bound intrinsic factor and
      polyacrylamide-bound R-binder.
AB  - A new solid phase vitamin B12 assay is described using intrinsic factor to
      measure microbiologically-available B12 and R-binder to measure total B12. The
      solid phase reagent consists of intrinsic factor coupled to polyacrylamide beads
      and salivary R-binder coupled to polyacrylamide beads. The assay is simple to
      perform and separates completely sera from controls and patients with
      megaloblastic anaemia due to B12 deficiency.

PMID- 6824583
TI  - Irreversible spectrin-haemoglobin crosslinking in vivo: a marker for red cell
      senescence.

PMID- 6824586
TI  - The significance of pulmonary infiltrates developing in patients receiving
      granulocyte transfusions.

PMID- 6824587
TI  - Adverse effects of aneuploidy on the outcome of remission induction therapy for
      acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of types of treatment failure.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were carried out on bone marrow specimens obtained from 98
      patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. Patients were treated with cytosine
      arabinoside and an anthracycline antibiotic. The remission rate for patients in
      whom only normal metaphases were detected (NN patients) was 69% while the
      remission rates were 50% and 40% respectively for patients in whom both normal
      and abnormal metaphases were seen (NA patients) and for those in whom only
      abnormal metaphases were noted (AA patients). Analysis of remission induction
      failure types suggests that the differences in outcome were related to a tendency
      for patients with aneuploid leukaemia to be more likely to have drug resistant
      disease and to the lesser ability of NA and AA patients to survive and receive a
      second course of therapy if the first course failed to induce a complete
      remission.

PMID- 6824584
TI  - Studies with human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK): effects of modification of
      sulfhydryl groups.
AB  - Cysteinyl residues of red cell pyruvate kinase (PK; ATP: pyruvate
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) were modified with methylmethanethiosulfonate
      (MMTS), p-nitrophenoxycarbonyl methyl disulfide (NPCMD), and sodium tetrathionate
      (NaTT). At pH greater than 7 . 0, K0.5 s phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) was markedly
      increased. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) increased affinity for PEP, but K0.5 s
      (PEP) remained elevated and hyperbolic kinetics were not achieved. Inhibition by
      negative effectors ATP and alanine was not reversed by PEP and FDP concentrations
      far greater than those abolishing inhibition of unmodified enzyme. At pH less
      than 7 . 0, PEP affinity was reduced, and FDP markedly increased Vmax and
      diminished K0.5 s (PEP). MMTS greatly impaired the thermostability of PK. Acid pH
      alone and the simultaneous presence of Mg++, K+ and PEP prior to MMTS treatment
      protected against the effects on PEP kinetics, but did not alter the induction of
      thermolability. No MMTS effect on the FDP binding site, on ADP kinetics or on the
      relative effectiveness of GDP, UDP or CDP cofactors was demonstrated. The MMTS
      induced alterations closely resembled those observed with certain PK mutants
      associated with haemolytic anaemia.

PMID- 6824588
TI  - Immune disorders in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: relations to myelofibrosis.
AB  - Tests for a dysimmune state were done in an unselected group of 67 patients with
      agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). The results were compared to those of 56
      patients with polycythaemia vera (PV). 75% of AMM patients versus 32% of PV
      patients had various abnormalities. The most frequent disorders among AMM
      patients were serum antinuclear and anti smooth muscle autoantibodies (10.3%
      each), a positive test for rheumatoid factor (21.7%), a polyclonal increase in
      serum immunoglobulin levels (46.8%) or a serum monoclonal component (9.7%), a
      positive direct Coombs' test (19%), an anti I autoantibody (30%). In AMM patients
      there was no relationship between age, sex, importance of splenic enlargement,
      time from diagnosis or treatment and the present of a dysimmunity. Furthermore,
      in AMM patients, but also in PV patients, it seems that the more frequent and
      numerous these abnormalities the more severe is the myelofibrosis. Like other
      previous studies, these results suggest a lymphoid cell involvement in AMM and a
      role for these immune disorders in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis.

PMID- 6824589
TI  - Influence of the tumour promoter TPA upon erythroid burst formation in vitro.
AB  - A dose dependent effect of the tumour promoter TPA on burst formation by rabbit
      erythroid progenitors (BFU-e) was demonstrated in cultures deficient in the early
      erythroid regulator burst-promoting activity (BPA). In these culture conditions
      the burst number was highest (193% of controls) at 10(-9)M TPA and concentrations
      higher than 3 x 10(-9)M TPA were inhibitory. The degree of burst enhancement by
      TPA and bone marrow conditioned medium as a source of BPA was similar. The
      addition of optimal concentrations of both TPA and BPA simultaneously to cultures
      resulted in no further increase in burst number. Short-term incubation of bone
      marrow cells with TPA failed to enhance the percentage of S-phase BFU-e under
      conditions in which BPA significantly increases the number of BFU-e in the cell
      cycle. These results indicate that the same population of BFU-e responds to TPA
      and BPA, but TPA does not mimic the mitogenic effect of BPA upon BFU-e.

PMID- 6824590
TI  - Effect of structural analogues of PAF-acether on platelet desensitization.
AB  - The 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (PAF-acether) aggregates
      rabbit platelets and desensitizes them to a second challenge with the same
      agonist but not to arachidonic acid. The desensitizing activities of 14 analogues
      of PAF-acether were explored with particular attention to the dose-response
      dependency of the desensitization process. PAF-acether was 500-fold more active
      than its 1-O-acyl analogues. The 2-lyso PAF-acether was inactive and the PAF
      acether enantiomer 2000 times less effective than the natural isomer, thus
      confirming the importance of the presence and steric position of the 2-acetate
      group. The desensitizing activities of the 2-propionyl and the 2-butyryl
      analogues were close to that of PAF-acether. Substituting an ether to an ester
      bond at the 2-position indicated that the number of carbon of the 2-substituant
      seems more determinant than the nature of the linkage for the desensitizing
      process. Indeed, the 2-ethoxy and the 2-methoxy analogues were 87 and 5000 times
      less active than PAF-acether respectively. The presence of methyl groups on the
      nitrogen base is also critical to desensitize platelets. The desensitizing
      potency of the tested phospholipids was always identical to their aggregating
      efficiency. It is suggested that these compounds activate cells through a common
      mechanism.

PMID- 6824591
TI  - Biologic rather than morphologic markers in myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 6824592
TI  - Erythrocyte arginase activity as an indicator of lead exposure.

PMID- 6824595
TI  - Mica pneumoconiosis.
AB  - Two men developed pneumoconiosis after grinding and packing powdered mica. The
      disease was characterised by progressive dyspnoea, a restrictive impairment of
      ventilation, a reduced transfer factor, and hypoxaemia. Radiographs showed
      widespread fine nodular and linear shadows. Progression occurred after cessation
      of exposure, but this was much more pronounced in the man who died from coronary
      artery disease. Postmortem examination showed widespread fine fibrosis and
      nodules measuring up to 1.5 cm in diameter, all related to the deposition of
      doubly refractile crystals. Mineral formed over 9% of dry tissue weight, and
      electron microscopy and x-ray analysis showed it to be muscovite. Other minerals
      were not found.

PMID- 6824593
TI  - Hanford radiation study.

PMID- 6824594
TI  - A long-term follow-up of workers exposed to beryllium.

PMID- 6824596
TI  - Lung mechanics in relation to radiographic category of coalworkers' simple
      pneumoconiosis.

PMID- 6824597
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in coal miners with pneumoconiosis.
AB  - Twenty-five histocompatibility antigens have been measured in 100 coal miners
      with pneumoconiosis attending a pneumoconiosis medical panel and the results
      compared with a panel of 200 normal volunteers not exposed to dust. Chest
      radiographs were read independently by three readers according to the ILO U/C
      classification. On a combined score, 40 men were thought to have simple
      pneumoconiosis and 60 men complicated pneumoconiosis. The number of antigens
      tested and associations between antigens caused difficulties in assessing the
      statistical significance of differences in prevalence of antigens between groups
      of men. Using stringent criteria for statistical significance, no significant
      differences were found in antigen prevalences between miners and controls, or
      miners with simple or complicated pneumoconiosis. When a less stringent
      statistical approach was applied, three antigens appeared to have abnormal
      prevalences in these 100 miners by comparison with the normal volunteers. More
      detailed examination of these antigen prevalences in relation to radiographic
      category of pneumoconiosis did not provide any supportive evidence that these
      slight associations were of statistical or clinical significance. Reports on
      histocompatibility antigens in miners with pneumoconiosis are reviewed briefly
      and the results compared. There is no good evidence that any of the
      histocompatibility antigens so far tested are associated with a clinically
      important altered risk of simple or complicated pneumoconiosis when dust is
      inhaled.

PMID- 6824598
TI  - Byssinosis and serum IgE concentrations in textile workers in an Italian cotton
      mill.

PMID- 6824599
TI  - Distribution and characteristics of amphibole asbestos fibres, measured with the
      light microscope, in the left lung of an insulation worker.
AB  - Concentrations of uncoated and coated amphibole fibres were measured postmortem
      in samples taken from the periphery of both upper and lower lobes of the left
      lung of an insulation worker. Similar measurements were made on a more limited
      range of samples from elsewhere in the lung and on a hilar lymph node. The mean
      concentration of uncoated fibres in the upper lobe was twice that in the lower.
      Significant differences were observed in the mean concentration of uncoated
      fibres in different regions of the periphery, the diaphragmatic region having the
      lowest value. Variations in the concentrations of both uncoated and coated fibres
      in the costal region of the lower lobe may have been related to the effect of rib
      structures on ventilation. Concentrations of fibrous and non-fibrous dust were
      well correlated in the peripheral samples. The length distributions of uncoated
      and coated fibres were also measured and differences detected in fibres from the
      various regions of the lung. This work emphasises the care required in sampling
      lung tissue in order to obtain representative material for the determination of
      fibre concentration.

PMID- 6824600
TI  - Skeletal lead-210 as an index of exposure to radon decay products in mining.

PMID- 6824601
TI  - Mechanisms of ALA-D inhibition by lead and of its restoration by zinc and
      dithiothreitol.
AB  - To induce the inhibition of ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase)
      activity by lead in vitro, it is necessary to preincubate the enzyme fraction
      with lead ions and the Hb fraction (factors) together. The combination of two of
      the three (ALA-D fraction, lead acetate, and Hb fraction) in the preincubation
      has only a small effect on the activity. Lead preincubated with ALA-D and Hb
      fractions does not alter the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate, suggesting
      that the substrate can bind to the enzyme molecules (non-competitive inhibition).
      The restoration of activity by zinc with dithiothreitol is associated with the
      removal of lead from ALA-D fraction proteins to which it has bound in vivo and in
      vitro. The mode of the inhibitory action of tin on ALA-D is similar to that of
      lead because the inhibition is intensified by the addition of Hb fraction and is
      restored by heating. The inhibition concentration is, however, higher than that
      of lead. Of the three methods recovering decreased activity, heating is the most
      specific to detect inhibition by lead.

PMID- 6824603
TI  - Occurrence of lung cancer in workers producing chromium pigments.
AB  - The results of a follow-up study on the incidence of lung cancer in 133 workers
      producing zinc chromate pigments are presented. By the end of 1972 three cases of
      lung cancer had occurred in a sub-cohort of 24 workers who had been employed for
      over three years. The same group of workers has now been followed up to December
      1980 and three further cases of lung cancer were found. The observed/expected
      ratio was 44 in this group, virtually the same as at the end of 1972. Five of the
      six patients smoked. Only one had been exposed to chromates other than zinc
      chromates.

PMID- 6824602
TI  - Relationship between the lead concentration in hair and occupational exposure.
AB  - The lead content of hair in workers occupationally exposed was correlated with
      the blood lead concentration. Determinations of lead in blood and hair were
      performed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry in two exposed
      groups and a control group. A significant correlation was observed between the
      blood lead and hair lead concentrations, and a regression analysis showed an
      exponential accumulation of the lead content in hair, simultaneously with the
      increase of the values in blood. The colour of the hair and the age of the
      subject did not influence the lead accumulation in hair in the occupationally
      exposed subjects. The assessment of lead in hair is considered a useful screening
      test in estimating occupational exposure.

PMID- 6824604
TI  - Effect of alcohol on the kinetics of mandelic acid excretion in volunteers
      exposed to styrene vapour.
AB  - The effect of a dose of alcohol on the kinetics of mandelic acid excretion in
      four volunteers exposed to 220 mg/m3 styrene has been investigated under
      controlled exposure chamber conditions. Ethanol inhibited the excretion of
      mandelic acid, so that the peak excretion was delayed from the end of the
      exposure period until three hours afterwards. One hour after administration of
      ethanol blood mandelic acid concentrations were 56% of the levels found during
      the alcohol-free control exposure, and this was paralleled by a 15-fold rise in
      phenylethane 1,2 diol, the metabolic precursor of mandelic acid. It is suggested
      that the inhibition of the oxidation of this diol is related to the change in NAD
      +/NADH ratio produced by ethanol metabolism. The implications of this ethanol
      effect on the interpretation of urinary mandelic acid excretion when monitoring
      workers exposed to styrene are discussed.

PMID- 6824606
TI  - Investigations for genotoxic effects after exposure to crude 2,4,5
      trichlorophenol.

PMID- 6824605
TI  - Spontaneous abortions and reproductive selection mechanisms in the rubber and
      leather industry in Finland.

PMID- 6824607
TI  - Neuropsychological test results and symptoms among workers with well-defined long
      term exposure to lead.
AB  - Lead intoxication is a classical environmental hazard that can cause
      encephalopathy. During recent years several studies have suggested poor
      performances in psychological tests and increased numbers of subjective symptoms
      among workers with comparatively low blood lead concentrations. Forty-nine long
      term lead-exposed male workers with time-weighted average blood lead
      concentrations between 1.3 and 3.3 mumol/l calculated from at least seven years'
      results have been compared with a referent group of 27 male industrial workers
      with normal blood lead concentrations and comparable intellectual backgrounds.
      Several indices of exposure were used. Both groups were examined with
      neuropsychological tests and a questionnaire covering neuropsychiatric symptoms.
      The exposed group performed less well in 11 of 14 non-verbal tests, and there
      were significant differences in tests of memory and reaction time. A non-linear
      dose-effect trend was indicated. The results are in accordance with those found
      in similar studies, and it is concluded that the blood lead concentration should
      be below 2.5 mumol/l to avoid the effects shown in this study.

PMID- 6824608
TI  - Iron requirement in normal pregnancy as assessed by serum ferritin, serum
      transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations.
AB  - Serum iron, serum iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin and erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin were determined during uncomplicated pregnancy in 45 healthy
      women; 22 were given oral iron while the others were given a placebo. When iron
      was not given, 15 out of 23 women had exhausted iron stores and iron deficiency
      at term, as judged from low serum ferritin, low serum transferrin saturation and
      high erythrocyte protoporphyrin values. Only seven of them had a haemoglobin
      concentration between 10 and 11 g/dl at term but none had values less than 10
      g/dl. In the iron-treated group (n = 22) none of the women developed iron
      deficiency. Serum ferritin was the most sensitive and specific test of iron
      deficiency. A practical procedure to detect iron deficiency and to control iron
      supplementation in pregnancy is suggested.

PMID- 6824610
TI  - Pregnancy in sickle cell disease in the UK.
AB  - The complications and outcome of 125 pregnancies in women with sickle cell
      disease between 1975 and 1981 are reviewed. There were no maternal deaths, but a
      perinatal mortality rate of 48 per 1000. The main maternal complications were
      sickling crises (38%), anaemia (65%), infections (61%) and severe pregnancy
      induced hypertensive disease (5%). There were three patients with eclampsia.
      There was a 13% spontaneous preterm delivery rate, 25% of the babies were 'light
      for-dates', fetal distress in labour was seen in 24% and 15% were delivered by
      caesarean section. There was an increased incidence of involuntary infertility
      and spontaneous abortion. The treatment by prophylactic blood transfusions is
      discussed.

PMID- 6824611
TI  - A comparison of low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in two systems of
      care: shared-care (consultant) and integrated general practice unit. I.
      Obstetrical procedures and neonatal outcome.
AB  - Samples of records of comparable low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in
      an integrated general practice unit (GPU) and a consultant (or shared-care)
      system were derived from a computer tape of all 5005 births which occurred at the
      John Radcliffe Hospital in 1978. Induction of labour, epidural analgesia and
      forceps delivery were all less frequently carried out in women booked for
      delivery in the GPU. Infants of multiparous women were more often intubated in
      the shared-care system (3%) than in the GPU (0%); rates in infants of nulliparous
      women were similar (approx. 7%) in the two systems. These data suggest that short
      term outcomes are as good for GPU-booked low-risk women and their infants as for
      comparable women booked in consultant or shared-care.

PMID- 6824609
TI  - Pregnancy in women with sickle cell trait.
AB  - The complications and outcome of 334 pregnancies in women with sickle cell trait
      between 1975 and 1981 are reviewed. The perinatal mortality rate was 6 per 1000.
      The main maternal complications were recurrent urinary tract infections (6%) and
      haematuria (16.5%). Fetal distress in labour was seen in 17% and 11.5% were
      delivered by emergency caesarean section. Compared with a comparable group of
      women without sickle cell trait, the mean birthweight of the babies (3202 g) was
      not reduced. The mean age of the mothers (25 years), their mean parity (1.46) and
      the percentage who were para 4 or more (13%) were all significantly increased,
      with important implications for the continuing transmission of the sickle cell
      gene.

PMID- 6824612
TI  - A comparison of low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in two systems of
      care: shared-care (consultant) and integrated general practice unit. II. Labour
      and delivery management and neonatal outcome.
AB  - A random sample of low-risk pregnant women were equally divided into four groups
      of 63 nulliparae and multiparae each booked for care in a integrated general
      practice unit (GPU) and a shared-care (consultant) system. Selection criteria
      included only women who were admitted because they were in spontaneous labour or
      thought they were. Nulliparous women booked for shared-care came into hospital at
      a less advanced state of cervical dilatation than those booked for the GPU and
      spent longer (11 compared with 8 h) in hospital before delivery; the comparable
      durations in multiparae were 6 and 4 h. Both the first and second stages of
      labour were longer in the GPU-booked women but they received less pethidine and
      fewer had epidural analgesia; they received less electronic fetal monitoring,
      augmentation and forceps delivery, and fetal distress was diagnosed less often.
      The 1-min Apgar score was less than or equal to 6 in 17.5% of infants of
      nulliparae booked for the shared-care system compared with 1.6% of those booked
      for the GPU. The intubation rate of infants of nulliparae was 11% in the shared
      care system compared with no intubations in the GPU. These comparisons
      demonstrate the simplicity and safety of delivery of low-risk women in the GPU as
      compared with deliveries of similar women in a shared-care (consultant) unit.

PMID- 6824613
TI  - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol: an early indicator of fetal lung maturity.
AB  - In a study of 766 amniotic fluids, collected from pregnancies between 26 weeks
      and term, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was identified in a greater proportion than
      was a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio at all gestational ages between
      28 and 38 weeks regardless of the underlying pregnancy complication. The early
      appearance of PG was particularly striking in amniotic fluids obtained after
      preterm rupture of membranes. Since PG has been previously shown to be a useful
      indicator of the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, its appearance
      before a mature L/S ratio suggests that its detection offers a considerable
      advantage in the management of high-risk obstetric problems in which the earliest
      possible indication that the fetal lungs are mature is required.

PMID- 6824614
TI  - Birthweight and paternal height.
AB  - The distributions of standardized birthweights of babies born to women of given
      heights married to short and tall husbands were compared. The standardized
      birthweights were consistently greater for babies born to women with tall
      husbands. It is concluded that tall parental stature relates to favourable
      environmental and genetic components among those influencing birthweight.

PMID- 6824615
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal brain ventricle dilatation.
AB  - In a 13 month prospective screening programme 3120 pregnant women were examined
      with diagnostic ultrasound at 17 and 32 weeks gestation; five fetuses (0.16%)
      were found with dilatation of brain ventricles. Early diagnosis was made in one
      patient resulting in legal termination of the pregnancy. The four other patients
      were diagnosed at the second ultrasound examination.

PMID- 6824616
TI  - What is the place of urodynamic investigations in a district general hospital?

PMID- 6824617
TI  - Whose baby is it anyway?

PMID- 6824618
TI  - Abnormal blood viscosity and haemostasis in long-standing retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - Blood viscosity and several haemostatic factors were measured in 42 patients with
      long-standing retinal vein occlusion and 33 control subjects. Blood viscosity,
      haematocrit, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, and beta
      thromboglobulin were increased in the 20 subjects with capillary nonperfusion or
      new vessels, but not in the 22 subjects without these complications. Patients
      with nonperfusion or new vessels also had a lower platelet count than patients
      without complications. Increased levels of factor VIII antigen and decreased
      levels of antithrombin III were found in the retinal vein occlusion group as a
      whole. These findings suggest that blood viscosity, platelets, and coagulation
      may be involved in retinal vein occlusion and its vascular complications.

PMID- 6824619
TI  - Advances in intraocular techniques in the treatment of retinal detachments
      arising from holes of the posterior pole.
AB  - Two groups of retinal detachments arising from macular holes were compared. The
      first group consisted of 27 consecutive cases operated upon during the years 1972
      7 by various techniques (encircling and hemi-encircling procedures, scleral
      resection, scleral pocket, and silver clip). The second group consisted of 18
      consecutive cases operated upon in the years 1978-81 by pars plana vitrectomy to
      release vitreous traction or make intraocular manoeuvres possible. In all cases
      of the second group an intraocular gas bubble was used to tamponade the macular
      hole, and the hole was coagulated only if necessary. There was not only a
      significantly better anatomical result in the second group, but the functional
      results were more favourable. Two-thirds of the eyes of the second group reached
      a visual acuity between 6/12 and 6/48, while in the first group none of the eyes
      gained a better vision than 6/60. The reading vision in 2/3 of the first group
      was negligible, while nearly half of the cases in the second group reached useful
      acuity between Jaeger 3 and 10.

PMID- 6824620
TI  - Clinical and histopathological report of sympathetic ophthalmia after retinal
      detachment surgery.

PMID- 6824622
TI  - Pulmonary and bilateral retinochoroidal cryptococcosis.

PMID- 6824621
TI  - Vitiligo and disorders of the retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - The association of vitiligo with inflammation of the uveal tract is well
      established. The relationship between vitiligo and hypopigmentation and/or
      degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) not secondary to ocular
      inflammation has not been adequately investigated. Sixty (27%) of 223 consecutive
      patients with vitiligo were found to have some evidence of RPE hypopigmentation
      ranging from mild, focal areas of involvement in most cases to extensive RPE
      degeneration with a retinitis pigmentosa-like syndrome in one patient. Fifteen
      (25%) patients complained of night blindness. Only 6 (4%) of 148 patients in a
      control group had similar funduscopic findings (p less than 0.001). None of these
      patients were symptomatic. There have been isolated reports of vitiligo occurring
      with tapetoretinal degeneration. We report 2 patients with both vitiligo and
      retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 6824624
TI  - Acute bacterial infections of the eye: their aetiology and treatment.
AB  - The aerobic microbial flora of 823 eyes with acute bacterial conjunctivitis,
      corneal ulceration, dacryocystitis, discharging sockets, blepharitis, and
      postoperative infections has been investigated. Staphylococci, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, and nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were the main pathogens. Fermenting coliforms were also infrequently
      isolated. The least overall resistance of 30.9% was to chloramphenicol, but no
      one antibiotic was effective against all pathogens. Cloxacillin is the best drug
      for staphylococcal and polymyxin B for pseudomonas infections.

PMID- 6824625
TI  - Lactoferrin levels in normal human tears.
AB  - Using commercially available reagents we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay to measure lactoferrin in normal human tears. Tears obtained from 38 normal
      human subjects contained a mean lactoferrin content of 2.2 mg/ml (g/l). No
      differences in the mean level of lactoferrin were found when tears were collected
      by either Schirmer tear strips or by glass capillaries after short tear gas
      stimulation. Tear lactoferrin levels were not influenced by age or sex of the
      subjects investigated in this study. We found that lactoferrin represents
      approximately 25% by weight of the total tear proteins.

PMID- 6824623
TI  - Intraocular pathology of trisomy 18 (Edwards's syndrome): report of a case and
      review of the literature.
AB  - The ophthalmic histopathology is detailed in a case of trisomy 18 (Edwards's
      syndrome). In addition to the ocular pathology already reported, previously
      unreported findings of iris stromal hypoplasia, abnormal lens shape, and
      decreased ganglion cells in the retina are noted. The ophthalmic histopathology
      associated with this syndrome and the relationship of several genetic disorders
      to their ocular manifestations are discussed.

PMID- 6824626
TI  - Concentration of clobetasone butyrate in aqueous humour.
AB  - The concentrations of clobetasone butyrate and betamethasone were measured in
      aqueous humour of patients undergoing cataract extraction 12.5 to 18.5 hours
      after application into the lower conjunctival sac of an ointment containing 0.1%
      of the steroid. Samples were assayed from 10 patients receiving clobetasone
      butyrate and 13 patients receiving betamethasone phosphate. There were measurable
      concentrations in only 2 samples in the former group, and both were 0.1 ng/ml. In
      the betamethasone group measurable concentrations were found in 11 samples, and
      the concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 20.3 ng/ml, with the highest concentrations
      between 12.5 and 13.5 hours after application. The concentration of betamethasone
      in the aqueous humour decreased by about 90% in the 6 hours from 12.5 to 18.5
      hours after application. It is speculative as to whether it is these differences
      in pharmacokinetic behaviour, or other differences in biological or
      physicochemical properties, which are responsible for the minimal effect on
      intraocular pressure induced by clobetasone butyrate compared with betamethasone.

PMID- 6824627
TI  - Is the vitreous necessary for accommodation in man?

PMID- 6824629
TI  - Base-stacking and base-pairing contributions to helix stability: thermodynamics
      of double-helix formation with CCGG, CCGGp, CCGGAp, ACCGGp, CCGGUp, and ACCGGUp.
AB  - The thermodynamics of double-helix formation in 1 M NaCl have been measured
      spectrophotometrically for CCGG, CCGGp, CCGGAp, ACCGGp, CCGGUp, and ACCGGUp. The
      results indicate additional double-helical stability is conferred by the terminal
      unpaired bases. The 3' A stabilizes the double helix more than the 5' A or the 3'
      U. The increased stability is due to a more favorable enthalpy change for double
      helix formation. Comparison of the thermodynamics for CCGG, ACCGGp, CCGGUp, and
      ACCGGUp indicates stacking interactions are somewhat more important than pairing
      interactions in determining the stability of the terminal AU base pairs in
      ACCGGUp.

PMID- 6824628
TI  - Structures of fecapentaenes, the mutagens of bacterial origin isolated from human
      feces.

PMID- 6824630
TI  - Nuclear overhauser studies of CCGGAp, ACCGGp, and ACCGGUp.
AB  - Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements are reported for the nonexchangeable
      base and ribose 1' proton resonances of CCGGAp, ACCGGp, and ACCGGUp. The results
      permit assignment of these resonances to particular nucleotides in the sequences.
      The NOE data rule out conformations containing syn glycosidic linkages and
      conformations in which the purine 8 and pyrimidine 6 protons are closer to the 3'
      nearest-neighbor ribose 1' proton than to the 5' nearest-neighbor ribose 1'
      proton.

PMID- 6824631
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance melting studies of CCGGp, CCGGAp, ACCGGp, CCGGUp, and
      ACCGGUp.
AB  - Proton magnetic resonance melting curves are reported for the base and ribose 1'
      nonexchangeable protons of CCGGp, CCGGAp, ACCGGp, CCGGUp, and ACCGGUp. In
      general, the double helices melt in a cooperative two-state transition. For
      CCGGp, CCGGAp, CCGGUp, and ACCGGUp, the 3' ribose exhibits conformational
      flexibility at lower temperatures than the other ribose residues. For ACCGGp, the
      5'-C ribose is the first to exhibit flexibility. The conformations of the 3'
      terminal bases in CCGGAp and CCGGUp change cooperatively with the double- to
      single-strand transition, whereas the 5' A of ACCGGp appears to have more
      conformational freedom.

PMID- 6824632
TI  - Binding of daunomycin to calf thymus nucleosomes.
AB  - We report equilibrium, hydrodynamic, and electric dichroism studies of the
      complex of daunomycin with H1-depleted 175 base pair nucleosomes, along with some
      comparative data for ethidium. In contrast to ethidium, daunomycin binding to
      nucleosomes is strongly reduced relative to the affinity for free DNA. The salt
      concentration dependence of the binding constant indicates that approximately one
      Na+ ion is released from both nucleosomes and free DNA upon daunomycin binding.
      The early melting transition of nucleosomes is preferentially stabilized by low
      levels of both drugs, but more markedly by ethidium. Ethidium also stabilizes the
      second nucleosome melting transition, but daunomycin barely does so. Dichroism
      and rotational relaxation time measurements indicate that daunomycin unfolds
      nucleosomes in a manner analogous to the influence of ethidium, although about
      twice as much daunomycin as ethidium is required complete the unfolding process.
      The data support an unfold structure in which the nucleosome elongates along the
      DNA superhelical axis. Levels of daunomycin greater than about 0.15 per DNA base
      pair promote nucleosome aggregation. To relate our results to the activity of
      daunomycin as an antitumor agent, we propose that the drug, because of its
      special intercalation geometry, strongly prefers free DNA regions over the bent
      helices found in nucleosomes and chromatin. The result of this preference should
      be an increased local concentration of the drug in the genetically active regions
      of nuclear DNA in which nucleosomal structure is less prevalent. Presumably the
      abundance of such regions in tumor cells makes them especially sensitive to
      daunomycin.

PMID- 6824633
TI  - Hemoglobin function in the water-ethylene glycol cosolvent system: linkage
      between oxygen binding and hydration.
AB  - The effects of ethylene glycol (EG) on the oxygen binding properties of human
      hemoglobin are described in this report. Under the conditions used, the
      hemoglobin molecule remains in the intact tetrameric form in up to 70% (w/w) EG,
      corresponding to a mole fraction of EG of 0.4. Interaction between the cosolvent
      and the hemoglobin is quite weak. Only at high concentrations of EG are the
      effects on the oxygen binding curve detectable. In the range of mole fraction of
      EG up to 0.2, oxygen affinity is decreased. In the range of mole fraction of EG
      between 0.2 and 0.4 (corresponding to molar concentrations of 8-12 M EG),
      hemoglobin oxygen affinity increases, eventually becoming higher than the value
      obtained in the absence of EG. Experiments were carried out in the presence of
      0.013, 0.10, and 1.0 M NaCl to evaluate the linkage between EG and chloride as
      allosteric effectors and the possible general effect of ionic strength on oxygen
      binding properties of hemoglobin in the presence of cosolvent. The effects of EG
      on hemoglobin ligation are discussed in terms of a model in which EG interacts
      with hemoglobin in a weak allosteric fashion at the lower concentration range
      (less than mole fraction of 0.2) while at the higher range (mole fraction of 0.2
      0.4) perturbations of protein hydration lead to stabilization of the high
      affinity form of hemoglobin.

PMID- 6824634
TI  - Purification and characterization of a scallop sarcoplasmic calcium-binding
      protein.

PMID- 6824636
TI  - Intervesicular phospholipid transfer. A free-flow electrophoresis study.

PMID- 6824635
TI  - Adenosine deaminase: solvent isotope and pH effects on the binding of transition
      state and ground-state analogue inhibitors.

PMID- 6824637
TI  - Quasi-elastic light-scattering studies of aqueous biliary lipid systems.
      Cholesterol solubilization and precipitation in model bile solutions.
AB  - We have employed quasi-elastic light-scattering methods to characterize micellar
      aggregates and microprecipitates formed in aqueous solutions containing sodium
      taurocholate (TC), egg lecithin (L), and cholesterol (Ch). Particle size and
      polydispersity were studied as functions of Ch mole fraction (XCh = 0-15%), L/TC
      molar ratio (0-1.6), temperature (5-85 degrees C), and total lipid concentration
      (3 and 10 g/dL in 0.15 M NaCl). For XCh values below the established
      solubilization limits (XChmax) [Carey, M. C., & Small, D. M. (1978) J. Clin.
      Invest. 61, 998], added Ch has little influence on the size of simple TC micelles
      (type 1 systems), on the coexistence of simple and mixed TC-L micelles (type 2
      systems), or on the growth of "mixed disc" TC-L micelles (type 3 systems). For
      supersaturated systems (XCh/XChmax greater than 1), 10 g/dL type 1 systems (L/TC
      = 0) exist as metastable micellar solutions even at XCh/XChmax = 5.3.
      Metastability is decreased in type 2 systems (0 less than L/TC less than 0.6),
      and "labile" microprecipitation occurs when XCh/XChmax exceeds approximately 1.6.
      In 10 g/dL mixtures, the microprecipitates initially range in size from 500 to
      20000 A and later coalesce to form a buoyant macroscopic precipitate phase. In 3
      g/dL mixtures, the microprecipitates are smaller (200-400 A) and remain as a
      stable, noncoalesced microdispersion. Transmission electron microscopy of the
      microprecipitates formed at both concentrations indicates a globular
      noncrystalline structure, and lipid analysis reveals the presence of cholesterol
      and lecithin in a molar ratio (Ch/L) of approximately 2/1, suggesting that the
      microprecipitates represent a metastable cholesterol-rich liquid-crystalline
      phase. In supersaturated type 3 systems (0.6 less than L/TC less than 2.0), the
      precipitate phase is a lecithin-rich liquid-crystalline phase which likewise
      coalesces in a 10 g/dL system but forms stable vesicle (liposomal) structures
      (600-800 A radius) in 3 g/dL systems. In conjunction with these experimental
      data, we present a quantitative thermodynamic analysis of Ch solubilization in
      model bile systems from which rigorous deductions of the free energy and enthalpy
      change for solubilization of cholesterol monohydrate in type 1 and type 2 systems
      are obtained. In addition, we employ homogeneous nucleation theory to analyze the
      origin of the metastable/labile limit in supersaturated systems and to deduce the
      interfacial tension between microprecipitates and solution. On the basis of these
      experimental data and theoretical analyses, we offer new hypotheses on the
      structure and physiology of bile and the pathogenesis of Ch gallstones. In
      particular, it is suggested that the "stable" microprecipitates observed in 3
      g/dL type 2 systems may provide a secondary vehicle (in addition to micelles) for
      cholesterol transport in supersaturated hepatic bile.

PMID- 6824638
TI  - Triolein-cholesteryl oleate-cholesterol-lecithin emulsions: structural models of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
AB  - The organization of lipids within emulsions composed of triolein (TO),
      cholesteryl oleate (CO), cholesterol (C), and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (L)
      was examined. CO was substituted for TO in a series of emulsions to obtain TO:CO
      ratios comparable to the triglyceride:cholesterol ester ratios observed in
      subfractions of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The weight fraction of TO in the
      surface phase (0.02-0.05) was independent of the TO content of the emulsions.
      However, the weight fraction of CO in the surface phase depended upon the
      percentage of CO in the emulsions and was less than 0.004 even when 13.7% CO was
      present in the emulsion. When CO was substituted for TO, the percent of the total
      particle C which was carried in the droplet oil phase was increased. The
      interparticle equilibration of lipids was studied in subfractions of sonicated
      emulsions with particle sizes comparable to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The
      TO:CO ratios of the subfractions of a given emulsion were constant and
      independent of size, but the C:L ratio decreased in particles of smaller
      diameter. However, the surface C:L ratio was the same in all particles from a
      given emulsion. The size dependence of the C:L ratios was attributed to the
      partitioning of C into the oil cores of the emulsions. Because large droplets
      have the greatest core:surface mass ratios, more of their total particle C is
      carried in the core.

PMID- 6824639
TI  - Glycosylation, ADP-ribosylation, and methylation of Tetrahymena histones.
AB  - We have examined some of the postsynthetic modifications that occur in
      macronuclear histones from Tetrahymena thermophila. When purified macronuclei are
      incubated with [32P]NAD+, histones H1, H2A, H2B, and H3 are ADP-ribosylated.
      Furthermore, histones H1, H2A, H2B, and H3 contain fucose and mannose residues as
      evidenced by the incorporation of [3H]fucose and by the specific binding to these
      proteins of gorse seed lectin and concanavalin A. Finally, our studies on
      incorporation of methyl groups into histones show that histone H2A, together with
      the related nonhistone protein A24, is methylated in Tetrahymena.

PMID- 6824640
TI  - Trapping of transition metal-nucleotide complexes in myosin subfragment 1 by
      cross-linking thiols; divalent transition metal probes of the active site.
AB  - Recent experiments [Wells, J., & Yount, R. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      76, 4966] have shown it is possible to trap MgADP and other nucleotides stably at
      the active site of myosin by cross-linking two thiol groups. A variety of cross
      linking reagents including chelation of the two thiols by cobalt (III)
      phenanthroline or covalent reaction with N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM) are
      effective trapping agents. No trapping of nucleotides occurs in the absence of
      divalent metals. Thus far Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Ca2+ but not Zn2+ all
      function to promote trapping of the 1:1 divalent metal-ADP complex and to enhance
      the rate of ATPase inactivation. Substitution-inert Cr(III) complexes of ADP,
      ATP, or pyrophosphate that bind very weakly or not at all to the active site are
      not trapped by cross-linking. While the stability of the trapped divalent metals
      varies, e.g., t1/2 of 0.5-7 days at 0 degree C, they are stable enough to permit
      accurate spectral measurements of the Mn2+ and Co2+ trapped complexes. Electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of Mn2+ bound to 5'-adenylyl
      imidodiphosphate or complexed to myosin chymotryptic subfragment 1 indicate that
      the metal is bound at the active site. Circular dichroism (CD) and visible
      absorption studies of the Co2+ . ADP trapped complex indicate the metal ion is in
      an asymmetric octahedral environment. EPR and CD measurements show that the
      environment of the metal nucleotide is the same whether bound reversibly or
      stably trapped at the active site.

PMID- 6824641
TI  - Characterization of the aldehyde binding site of bacterial luciferase by
      photoaffinity labeling.
AB  - A photoaffinity probe 1-diazo-2-oxoundecane has been synthesized and used to
      examine the aldehyde-binding site of the nonidentical dimeric luciferase (alpha
      beta) from Vibrio harveyi cells. In the dark, the probe competes against aldehyde
      in binding to luciferase. Irradiation of luciferase and the probe at 254 nm
      resulted in primarily specific labeling of both alpha and beta subunits with
      concomitant enzyme inactivation, but significant (congruent to 40%) nonspecific
      labeling of mainly the beta subunit also occurred. The addition of decanal to
      protect the active center reduced the rate of inactivation. When 2
      mercaptoethanol was included to quench the nonspecific labeling, the amounts of
      probe incorporated into alpha and beta correlated stoichiometrically with the
      quantities of enzyme photoinactivated. On the basis of these findings, we
      postulate that the aldehyde binding site is at or near the subunit interface of
      luciferase.

PMID- 6824642
TI  - Mechanistic differences in the energy-linked fluorescence decreases of 9
      aminoacridine dyes associated with bovine heart submitochondrial membranes.
AB  - (1) The pH dependence of the fluorescence intensities of 9-aminoacridines
      associated with energized submitochondrial membranes suggests that a mechanism(s)
      other than protonation of the dye molecules, as is the case with quinacrine, is
      responsible for the energy-linked fluorescence decreases of 9-aminoacridine and 9
      amino-3-chloro-7-methoxyacridine (9-ACMA). (2) That the fluorescence polarization
      of quinacrine associated with submitochondrial membranes more than doubles upon
      energization of the membranes is attributed to: (i) the bulky side chain at the 9
      position of the acridine moiety which hinders the molecular rotation of
      quinacrine and (ii) electrostatic forces resulting from the protonation of
      quinacrine . H+ which induce tight binding between the dye molecules and the
      membranes. (3) The protonation of quinacrine associated with energized membranes,
      from the monoprotonated to the diprotonated species, takes place in the membrane
      phase, as evidence by the observation of a 'break' in both the Arrhenius plot of
      the respiratory rate and the plot of fluorescence polarization as a function of
      temperature. (4) That the measured fluorescence polarization of both 9
      aminoacridine and 9-ACMA associated with both energized and nonenergized
      membranes is nearly zero suggests that the emitting species of these dye
      molecules are those in the 'free' form and that the membrane-bound molecules have
      formed nonfluorescent complexes; consequently no polarization can be measured.

PMID- 6824643
TI  - Energetics of the one-electron reduction steps of riboflavin, FMN and FAD to
      their fully reduced forms.

PMID- 6824644
TI  - Ab initio calculations of electron distributions in heme-CO models.
AB  - We have, by the use of ab initio calculations, found a back-bonding state of pi
      symmetry close to the Fermi level for CO bound to FeN5C14. We thus find it likely
      that small shifts of the redox potential magnitude of EF - EV magnitude of will
      cause relatively large changes of the CO vibrational frequency. The separation of
      Fe 3d orbitals in our heme model is found to agree with what is predicted by
      ligand field theory for Oh symmetry. This paper presents nonrelativistic Hartree
      Fock-Slater calculations of the 5 sigma bonding and 2 pi back-bonding between CO
      and Fe. The effects of up to 19 additional atoms are discussed for models of heme
      (COFe to COFeN5C14). The filled back-bonding state is found to be strongly
      influenced by second nearest neighbor atoms. By use of symmetry orbitals we have
      resolved the Fe 3d orbitals into the T2g and Eg representations of the Oh point
      group and find the former states to be occupied whereas the latter are
      unoccupied. The difference in occupancy is reduced when the CO ligand is removed
      which also causes an increased density of states at the Fermi level, i.e., the
      highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals. Possible correlations between
      our data and experimental results are discussed for heme proteins as well as for
      metal surfaces.

PMID- 6824645
TI  - Inhibitory effect of glucose on the maturation of rat liver mitochondria at
      birth. Phospholipid and oxidative metabolism.
AB  - (1) The rate of ATP synthesis coupled with succinate oxidation in rat liver
      mitochondria is low at birth and increases rapidly during the first postnatal
      hours (Nakazawa, T., Asami, K., Suzuki, H. and Yakawa, O. (1973) J. Biochem. 73,
      397-406). A glucose injection given to newborn rats immediately after birth
      seemed to delay this maturation process. (2) Glucose administration specifically
      diminished the rate of 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidylcholine both in
      microsomes and in mitochondria while other phospholipids remained unaffected. (3)
      In newborn rat liver, 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids can be explained by
      de novo synthesis of phospholipids in microsomes followed by transfer to
      mitochondria with two exceptions phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Indeed,
      after a 20-min incorporation of 32Pi into phospholipids, the specific
      radioactivity of phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin was higher in mitochondria
      than in microsomes. (4) As far as phospholipid synthesis is concerned, no
      precursor-product relationship could be observed between light and heavy
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6824647
TI  - Cell-surface collagen-binding protein in the procaryote Achromobacter iophagus.
AB  - Collagen and its high-molecular-weight fragments specifically induce an
      extracellular collagenase (EC 3.4.24.8) in the Gram-negative Achromobacter
      iophagus. During the induction process the inducer is concentrated on the
      bacterial outer membrane. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of 125I-labelled outer
      membrane proteins has shown that, in particular, the amount of one protein which
      is already present on the surface of non-induced bacteria increases
      quantitatively when the inducer is added. After 125I-labelling of the cell
      membrane and its solubilization, the same protein is retained selectively on a
      gelatin-Sepharose column. It has isoelectric point of 4.9-5.1 and molecular
      weight of 40000. This molecular weight is close to that of the 35000 of the
      collagenase subunit. However, their non-identity was proved in three independent
      ways: upon two-dimensional electrophoresis, only those proteins in the range
      corresponding to the collagenase dimer (Mr 70000-80000) react with fluorescent
      anticollagenase antibody system, whereas the spot of the collagen-binding protein
      (mr 40000) is negative; the solubilized collagen-binding protein is not retained
      by anticollagenase-Sepharose affinity chromatography; in vivo, it is not
      protected by anti-collagenase antibodies against lactoperoxidase iodination. A
      hypothesis for the possible role of the collagen-binding protein in the induction
      of collagenase is proposed.

PMID- 6824646
TI  - Melittin and a chemically modified trichotoxin form alamethicin-type multi-state
      pores.
AB  - The bee venom constituent, melittin, is structurally and functionally related to
      alamethicin. By forming solvent-free planar bilayers of small area (approx. 100
      microns 2) on the tip of fire-polished glass pipettes we could observe single
      melittin pores in these membranes. An increase in the applied voltage induced
      further non-integral conductance levels. This indicates that melittin forms multi
      level pores similar to those formed by alamethicin. Trichotoxin A40, an
      antibiotic analogue of alamethicin, also induces a voltage-dependent bilayer
      conductivity, but no stable pore states are resolved. However, chemical
      modification of the C-terminal molecule part by introduction of a dansyl group
      leads to a steeper voltage-dependence and pore state stabilization. Comparing
      structure and activity of several natural and synthetic amphiphilic polypeptides,
      we conclude that a lipophilic, N-terminal alpha-helical part of adequate length
      (dipole moment) and a large enough hydrophilic, C-terminal region are sufficient
      prerequisites for voltage-dependent formation of multi-state pores.

PMID- 6824649
TI  - Reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor function in lipid vesicles of defined
      composition.
AB  - The effect of specific lipids on the functional properties of the acetylcholine
      receptor were examined in reconstituted membranes prepared from purified Torpedo
      californica acetylcholine receptor and various defined lipids. Cholesterol and
      negatively charged lipids greatly enhanced the ion influx response of the
      vesicles as measured by the effect of a receptor agonist on cation translocation
      across the vesicles. Part of the lipid-dependent effects could be attributed to
      alterations in the average size of the vesicles. All lipid mixtures used
      permitted complete incorporation of receptor and retention of ligand binding
      properties. Quantitative differences in ion flux properties suggest a modulating
      role for specific lipids in acetylcholine receptor function.

PMID- 6824650
TI  - Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on the anti-sickling activity of some membrane
      interacting compounds.
AB  - Under deoxygenated conditions (PO2 = 0 mmHg), sulfhydryl reagents such as N
      ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide had no effect on sickling, but they did inhibit
      the anti-sickling activity of chlorpromazine. At the same concentration, these
      sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the cup formation of chlorpromazine in an
      oxygenated state (PO2 = 143 mmHg). This supports our previous finding that the
      anti-sickling effect of membrane-interacting compounds is related to their
      ability to form a cup-shaped red cell.

PMID- 6824648
TI  - The effect of harmaline on unidirectional potassium fluxes and ouabain binding in
      renal cell cultures.
AB  - Harmaline inhibits K+ influx into primary cell cultures of ground squirrel
      kidneys to a greater extent than either ouabain or furosemide. A concentration of
      200 microM harmaline was required to inhibit half of the total K+ influx; this
      effect was also seen at low temperature (5 degrees C), and in another species
      (hamster). Although kinetic analysis of K+ influx indicates that harmaline does
      not compete with extracellular K+, harmaline did reduce the binding of
      [3H]ouabain to the cells. K+ efflux was also reduced. Therefore, harmaline may
      inhibit the furosemide-sensitive Na+/K+ cotransport system as well as the ouabain
      sensitive Na+/K+ pump.

PMID- 6824651
TI  - Lipid fluidity of hepatocyte plasma membrane subfractions and their differential
      regulation by calcium.
AB  - Rat hepatocyte plasma membranes were subfractionated by several methods into
      canalicular, sinusoidal and mixed contiguous plus sinusoidal membranes.
      Assessment of lipid fluidity by steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6
      diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearate indicates that the
      canalicular fraction is less fluid than the other membranes. Incubation with
      calcium decreases the fluidity of the sinusoidal and contiguous membranes by
      altering the lipid composition, an action which is not reversed by subsequent
      chelation of the cation. This effect of calcium is not observed in canalicular
      membranes.

PMID- 6824652
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of chlorpromazine inhibition of erythrocyte 3-O-methylglucose
      transport.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of chlorpromazine inhibition of erythrocyte hexose
      transport was investigated using the non-metabolizable glucose analog 3-O
      methylglucose. It was found that chlorpromazine added to the external medium is a
      non-competitive inhibitor of both equilibrium exchange and net 3-O-methylglucose
      transport at pH 7.8, 15 degrees C. The Ki for equilibrium exchange is 76 +/- 21
      microM. When net efflux and equilibrium exchange were measured on the same
      population of cells the equilibrium exchange was 2.5-times the maximum net
      efflux. The percent reduction of 3-O-methylglucose flux by chlorpromazine is
      dependent upon chlorpromazine concentration and not 3-O-methylglucose
      concentration as expected for a non-competitive inhibitor. Equilibrium exchange
      and net efflux show the same extent of inhibition at each concentration of
      chlorpromazine evaluated. These results suggest that exchange and net efflux of 3
      O-methylglucose in the human erythrocyte may share a common transport system.

PMID- 6824653
TI  - Effect of the lipid phase transition on the kinetics of H+/OH- diffusion across
      phosphatidic acid bilayers.
AB  - The kinetics of H+/OH- diffusion across dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid bilayer
      membranes was measured by following the absorbance of the pH-sensitive indicator
      Cresol red (o-cresolsulfonphthalein) entrapped in single lamellar vesicles after
      rapidly changing the external pH in a stopped-flow apparatus. The H+/OH-
      permeability coefficient was found to be in the 10(-5) to 10(-3) cm . s-1 range.
      The lipid phase transition has a strong influence on the permeation kinetics as
      the permeability coefficients in the liquid-crystalline phase are drastically
      higher. The permeability shows no maximum at the phase transition temperature as
      is the case for other ions, but displays a similar temperature dependence as
      water permeation. This is also reflected in the high activation energy of approx.
      20 kcal/mol and supports the hypothesis (Nichols, J.W. and Deamer, D.W. (1980)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2038-2042) of H+/OH- permeation via hydrogen
      bonded water molecules. A second slower kinetic phase is also observed, where the
      permeation is obviously controlled by counterion diffusion. The temperature
      dependence of this slow process displays the for ion diffusion characteristic
      maximum in the permeability at the phase-transition temperature.

PMID- 6824654
TI  - Tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate alters state, fluidity and
      hydration of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers.
AB  - Previous results (Castagna et al. (1979) FEBS Lett. 100, 62-66; Fisher et al.
      (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86, 1063-1068) indicated us that the active
      tumor promoter TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) decreased fluorescence
      polarisation of diphenylhexatriene in lymphoblastoid and rat embryo cells. In the
      present study, experiments aimed at examining the molecular interactions of tumor
      promoters with cell membrane components are performed with fully hydrated
      multibilayers of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) into which
      increasing amounts of TPA are inserted. The thermotropic behaviour of both the
      phospholipid bilayers and the interbilayer water was investigated using the
      differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the approach of Ter-Minassian-Saraga
      et al. ((1982) J. Colloid Interface Sci. 81, 369-383). The major effects of the
      tumor promoter are confined to concentrations up to 20% mol fractions of TPA. In
      this range of concentrations the incorporation of TPA into liposomes decreases
      the phase-transition temperature but did not affect delta HDPPC. Furthermore TPA
      increases the hydration of the multibilayers. Above 20% mol fractions of TPA, a
      different thermal behaviour of the system which might suggest morphological
      rearrangements was observed. The lipid state in TPA-treated liposomes was
      monitored by fluorescence polarisation using diphenylhexatriene as a lipophilic
      fluorescent probe and the phase-transition temperature was calculated. The phase
      transition temperatures determined by both methods were in good agreement. The
      lowering of this temperature and the decay of fluorescence anisotropy of
      diphenylhexatriene were parallel. Those effects are consistent with the
      "fluidising' effect of TPA on DPPC.

PMID- 6824655
TI  - Effect of metabolic acidosis on phosphate transport by the renal brush-border
      membrane.
AB  - Metabolic acidosis produces a phosphaturia which is independent of parathyroid
      hormone or dietary phosphorus intake. To study the underlying mechanism,
      inorganic phosphate (Pi) and glucose transport were studied in brush-border
      membrane vesicles prepared from the renal cortex of parathyroidectomized rats
      gavaged for three days with either 7.5 ml of 1.6% NaCl (control) or 1.5% NH4Cl
      (acidosis). At killing, blood pH and plasma bicarbonate were 7.36 +/- 0.01 and
      21.8 +/- 0.8 mequiv./l, respectively, in control and 7.12 +/- 0.03 (P less than
      0.01) and 11.1 +/- 1.2 (P less than 0.01) in acidotic rats. Serum Pi was similar
      in both groups, while 24 h urine Pi excretion was higher in the acidotic group (P
      less than 0.01). Peak sodium-dependent uptake of Pi, measured after 1.5 min of
      incubation, was higher in controls than acidotic rats (4442 +/- 464 vs. 2412 +/-
      259 pmol/mg protein, P less than 0.01), whereas peak glucose uptake at 1.5 min
      was not significantly different between the groups. Equilibrium values for Pi and
      glucose uptake were similar in the two groups. Km for Pi uptake in the control
      and acidotic animals were not different, 0.036 and 0.040 mM, respectively. By
      contrast, Vmax was higher in controls than in the acidotic group, 3.13 vs. 1.15
      nmol/mg protein per 15 s. These results suggest that metabolic acidosis directly
      inhibits Pi uptake by the brush border of the proximal tubule by decreasing the
      availability of Pi carriers of the renal brush-border membrane.

PMID- 6824656
TI  - Binding by glycoproteins of seminal plasma membrane vesicles accelerates
      decapacitation in rabbit spermatozoa.
AB  - Fertilizing capacity among uterine-capacitated rabbit sperm cells declined
      exponentially during incubation with membrane vesicles from seminal plasma. In
      suspensions containing an average of 0.42 mg vesicle protein/10(6) sperm,
      decapacitation occurred with a half-time of 23 min (ki (native vesicles) = 1.78
      +/- 0.14 h-1). Exposing these membrane vesicles to pronase retarded
      decapacitation, prolonging its half-time to 51 min (ki (pronase-digested
      vesicles) = 0.81 +/- 0.06 h-1). Cholesterol-bearing liposomes suppressed sperm
      fertilizing capacity at a comparable rate. In suspensions containing an average
      of 0.52 mg lipid/10(6) sperm, decapacitation had a half-time also of 51 min (ki
      (liposomes) = 0.82 +/- 0.14 h-1). These lower inhibition rates accompanied
      diminished rates of vesicle uptake by spermatozoa. Membrane vesicles labeled with
      phosphatidyl[14C]choline rapidly bound to epididymal sperm cells, displaying a
      half-time of 2.3 min (ka (native vesicles) = 18.0 +/- 0.35 h-1). Following
      pronase treatment, this interval increased to 17 min (ka (pronase-digested
      vesicles) = 2.48 +/- 0.37 h-1). Liposome binding data yielded a half-time of 28
      min (ka (liposomes) = 1.47 +/- 0.17 h-1). Postbinding decapacitation half-times
      for these vesicles, given by the difference between binding and decapacitation
      intervals, appear broadly alike: native vesicles, 21 min, pronase-digested
      vesicles, 34 min, and liposomes, 23 min. During this interval, a vesicle
      antifusigen (cholesterol) apparently transfers to the sperm plasma membrane
      inhibiting the acrosome reaction. The lipid bilayer in these membrane vesicles
      withstood proteolytic attack, as seen by electron microscopy. Pronase acted
      principally to hydrolyze vesicle glycoproteins, which evidently bind to the sperm
      surface during decapacitation.

PMID- 6824657
TI  - New approaches for the reconstitution and functional assay of membrane transport
      proteins. Application to the anion transporter of human erythrocytes.
AB  - The human red blood cell anion transport protein, band 3, was isolated and
      reconstituted into lipid vesicles. The main feature of the new reconstitution is
      the replacement of native lipids and of solubilizing detergent by externally
      added lipids, while band 3 protein is immobilized on a gel matrix. The vesicles
      formed upon detergent removal and sonication are unilamellar and sealed, and band
      3 protein is the major polypeptide detectable in them. The method consists of:
      (a) solubilization of alkali-treated red blood cell membranes by Triton X-100;
      (b) binding of glycophorin and band 3 protein to diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)
      cellulose in Triton X-100 solution, followed by high ionic strength elution; (c)
      band 3 protein complexation to organomercurial Sepharose; (d) exchange of the
      Triton X-100 with the dialyzable detergent octylglucopyranoside, while band 3
      protein is complexed to the column; (e) elution of band 3 by cysteine (5 mM) in
      the presence of octylglucopyranoside; (f) addition of lipids (asolectin or egg
      phosphatidylcholine) to the protein-detergent suspension; and (g) dialysis of the
      mixture against 1% bovine serum albumin to remove the detergent completely. The
      vesicles were assayed for anion transport capacity by a novel procedure which is
      based on the fluorescent substrate N-(2-aminoethylsulfonate)7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3
      diazole (NBD-taurine) and on anti-NBD-antibodies as quenchers of extravesicular
      NBD-taurine fluorescence. Efflux of NBD-taurine from vesicles was monitored in a
      continuous mode as a decrease in intravesicular fluorescence. The band 3-mediated
      flux was approx. 50% inhibitable by externally added disulfonic stilbenes,
      indicating the random distribution of band 3 protein in reconstituted vesicles.
      Both the specific transfer rate (i.e., nmol substrate/mg protein per min) of band
      3 and its energy of activation (Ea) in the artificial lipid milieu were similar
      to those obtained with the native system. Glycophorin incorporation into this
      milieu had no significant effect on the associated anion transport properties.

PMID- 6824658
TI  - Interaction of alpha-lactalbumin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.
      III. Influence of the temperature and of the lipid-to-protein molar ratio on the
      complex formation.
AB  - We investigated the interaction between alpha-lactalbumin and sonicated
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine at pH 4 and different temperatures. (1) At 23
      degrees C and lipid-to-protein molar ratios below 170, the interaction results in
      a disruption of the original vesicles to form smaller complex particles. By the
      sedimentation velocity method we determined for this particle a molar mass of
      (1.05 +/- 0.16) X 10(6) g X mol-1. The lipid-to-protein molar ratio within the
      complex particle is 70/1, as earlier estimated. It follows that there are
      approximately 1200 lipid and 17 alpha-lactalbumin molecules per particle. At
      molar ratios above 170, alpha-lactalbumin strongly associates with the vesicles.
      In this case the vesicle entity remains. The ability of alpha-lactalbumin to
      break up the vesicles at this temperature is determined by the number of protein
      molecules which are required in the complex particle. (2) By means of
      fluorescence polarization of the lipophilic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      and energy transfer of the tryptophan groups of the protein to 1,3-(1,1'
      dipyrenyl)propane located in the hydrocarbon region of the vesicles, it is shown
      that with increasing temperature above 25 degrees C, complexes of decreasing
      internal lipid-to-protein molar ratio are formed. However, by electron microscopy
      we show that the overall size of these complexes remains approximately the same,
      i.e., bars with dimensions 70 X 220 A. A temperature-reversible transformation
      occurs between these complexes, which cannot be isolated by gel chromatography.
      In contrast, the complex of molar ratio 70/1 remains stable at lower
      temperatures.

PMID- 6824660
TI  - Measurements of intracellular ionized calcium in squid giant axons using calcium
      selective electrodes.
AB  - Ca2+-selective electrodes have been used to measure free intracellular Ca2+
      concentrations in squid giant axons. Electrodes made of glass cannulas of about
      20 microns in diameter, plugged with a poly(vinyl chloride) gelled sensor were
      used to impale the axons axially. They showed a Nernstian response to Ca2+ down
      to about 3 microM in solutions containing 0.3 M K+ and 0.025 M Na+. Sub-Nernstian
      but useful responses were obtained up to pCa 8. The electrodes showed adequate
      selectivity to Ca2+ over Mg2+, H+, K+ and Na+. To calibrate them properly, a set
      of standard solutions were prepared using different Ca2+ buffers (EGTA, HEEDTA,
      nitrilotriacetic acid) after carefully characterizing their apparent Ca2+
      association constants under conditions resembling the axoplasmic environment. In
      fresh axons incubated in artificial seawater containing 4 mM Ca2+, the mean
      resting intracellular ionized calcium concentration was 0.106 microM (n = 15).
      The Ca2+-electrodes were used to investigate effects of different experimental
      procedures on the [Ca2+]i. The main conclusions are: (i) intact axons can extrude
      calcium ions at low [Ca2+]i levels by a process independent of external Na+; (ii)
      poisoned axons can extrude calcium ions at high levels of [Ca2+]i by an external
      Na+-dependent process. The level of free intracellular Ca attained at these
      latter conditions is about an order to magnitude greater than the resting
      physiological value.

PMID- 6824659
TI  - The effect of temperature on veratridine action in squid giant axons.
AB  - Resting membrane potential and intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations
      were determined at 5 and 21 degrees C in normal and veratridine-treated axons of
      the squid Doryteuthis plei. 300 microM veratridine produced an increase in the
      intracellular sodium concentration, which changed from 52 to 284 mM in 10 min of
      exposure at 21 degrees C, and from 76 to 260 mM at 5 degrees C. Under the same
      treatment the intracellular potassium concentration changed from 357 to 221 mM
      (21 degrees C) and from 334 to 194 mM (5 degrees C). All the changes could be
      prevented by adding 1 microM tetrodotoxin. Veratridine (30, 100 and 300 microM)
      increased the resting sodium permeability of the giant axon, and the effect was
      greater at 21 degrees C. The affinity of the membrane for veratridine increases
      when the nerves are cooled, the three concentrations tested produce maximum
      activation of the sodium channels at 5 degrees C. But only the higher two
      concentrations are saturating at 21 degrees C.

PMID- 6824661
TI  - The existence of a highly ordered phase in fully hydrated
      dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine.
AB  - Dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine dispersion forms a crystalline phase at
      physiological pH and temperature and in the presence of excess water. This
      phenomenon was observed and studied by differential scanning calorimetry,
      scanning densitometry and X-ray diffraction. The crystalline phase is stable at
      pH 5.5-9.5 and below 40 degrees C. The crystalline phase formed at pH 5.5 and pH
      9.5 index according to orthorhombic cells with a = 9.41, b = 8.15, c = 46.0 and a
      = 9.33, b = 8.05, c = 45.8 (A), respectively. Around 43 degrees C, the
      crystalline phase is transformed into a multilayer liquid crystal phase. Cooling
      from 44 degrees C results in the disappearance of the original transition at 43
      degrees C and the appearance of a second transition at around 30 degrees C. Below
      30 degrees C the lipid forms a gel phase. This gel phase is metastable at pH 5.5
      and a crystalline phase may be recovered from it by dispersing or aging methods.
      Suspensions of dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine show similar phase transition
      behaviour at pH 5.5 and pH 9.5, although the transitions are somewhat broader at
      the higher pH. The thermotropic phase behaviour of
      dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine dispersions may be governed by changes in
      hydration.

PMID- 6824662
TI  - Studies on the thermotropic behavior of aqueous phosphatidylethanolamines.
AB  - The thermal response of aqueous dispersions of a series of synthetic saturated
      phosphatidylethanolamines was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and by
      infrared spectroscopy. Dispersions which had not been previously heated above tm,
      the temperature of the gel to liquid crystalline transition, showed transitions
      at a higher temperature, tm+h, having a considerably greater enthalpy change. It
      is demonstrated that the higher temperature transition is due to the simultaneous
      hydration and acyl chain melting of these saturated phosphatidylethanolamines.
      This transition has not been observed in the corresponding phosphatidylcholines.

PMID- 6824663
TI  - Preparation of multivesicular liposomes.
AB  - A novel type of liposome, named here multivesicular liposomes, was prepared by
      evaporation of organic solvents from chloroform-ether spherules suspended in
      water. Within each spherule were numerous water droplets that contained solutes
      to be trapped in liposomes upon solvent evaporation. Liposome preparations of
      different average diameters were made, varying from 29 +/- 10 microns to 5.6 +/-
      1.7 microns. The liposomes were morphologically characterized by light microscopy
      and transmission electron microscopy. Materials successfully trapped within the
      liposomes ranged in molecular size from glucose to nucleic acids. Extremely high
      percentages of encapsulation (up to 89%) were achieved.

PMID- 6824666
TI  - Solvent-dependent structural features of the membrane active peptide trichotoxin
      A40 as reflected in its dielectric dispersion.
AB  - The dielectric dispersion of trichotoxin A40 in solvents of diverse lipophilicity
      (i.e. n-octanol, dioxane and mixtures of these) has been measured between 100 kHz
      and 50 MHz. In pure octanol also the weight average molecular weight and the
      concentration dependence of the circular dichroism spectrum were determined. An
      analysis of the data leads to the conclusion that in octanol an appreciable
      amount of the solute exists as single monomeric particles which are about 30 A
      long and 12.5 A in diameter. There is a dipole moment parallel to the long axis.
      In addition the evidence points at the presence of small aggregates (mainly
      dimers and trimers) formed by some kind of head-to-tail association. Evidently
      dioxane added to octanol favors a different structure of the trichotoxin monomer.
      It is apparently involved in another aggregation process resulting in aggregates
      of large size but comparatively low dipole moments.

PMID- 6824664
TI  - Asymmetry of glucose transport in the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis.
AB  - Uptake and efflux of 6-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose and of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose by the
      yeast Kluyveromyces lactis was studied. The tritiated, nonphosphorylatable hexose
      analogue leaves the cell in the absence and presence of intracellular 2-deoxy-D
      glucose 6-phosphate. In energy-rich cells containing pools of hexose 6-phosphate,
      2-deoxy-D-glucose is trapped in the cells, for it neither effluxes into glucose
      free medium nor exchanges with external, free sugar. In starved, poisoned cells
      containing negligible amounts of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      does leave the cells upon transfer to glucose-free medium. An involvement of
      analogue structure and availability of metabolites of energy-rich cells in hexose
      retention is suggested. An internal pool of 6-deoxy-D-glucose does not affect the
      rate of uptake of 6-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose, nor does internal 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose
      6-phosphate influence that rate. Hence, transport of glucose by this yeast is
      probably not regulated by internal pools of glucose 6-phosphate.

PMID- 6824668
TI  - Extraction of peripheral proteins from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-enriched
      membranes.
AB  - The solubilisation of membrane proteins from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
      enriched membranes from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata was studied.
      Chaotropic ions were shown to be ineffective in extracting peripheral proteins
      from these membranes. Two different anhydrides, 2, 3-dimethylmaleic and 3,4,5,6
      tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, released certain peripheral membrane proteins but
      not the integral receptor protein. Treatment of membranes containing greater than
      3 nmol alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites per mg protein with anhydride resulted in
      a 43 kDa polypeptide as the major constituent of the solubilised material. The
      nature of the 43 kDa polypeptide is discussed. Gentle anhydride treatment did not
      change the alpha-bungarotoxin and carbamoylcholine binding properties of the
      receptor.

PMID- 6824667
TI  - Acetylcholine release from proteoliposomes equipped with synaptosomal membrane
      constituents.
AB  - A lyophilized presynaptic membrane powder prepared from Torpedo electric organ
      synaptosomes was incorporated into liposomes. These proteoliposomes had a large
      internal volume. The P and E faces of their membrane showed particles which were
      comparable to the presynaptic membrane ones. The synaptosomal ecto-esterase
      activity was also incorporated. A large amount of acetylcholine could be
      entrapped in the proteoliposome which became permeable to acetylcholine in the
      presence of calcium. Acetylcholine was released in preference to choline. The
      calcium-induced acetylcholine release depended on the incorporation of a
      presynaptic membrane constituent. Proteoliposomes prepared from postsynaptic
      membrane powders gave a much slower acetylcholine efflux. The protein pattern of
      presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane proteoliposomes were compared.

PMID- 6824665
TI  - Role of dehydration in changing the permeability of erythrocyte plasma membranes
      by freeze-thawing.
AB  - The effects of hypertonic solutions and slow freezing to different temperatures
      in the range of 0 to -80 degrees C on the permeability of plasma membranes of
      reconstituted erythrocytes were investigated. It has been found that even
      increased concentrations of NaCl or KCl (1.2 to 4.2 M) do not change appreciably
      release of K+, [14C]sucrose and haemoglobin (by 8 to 20%), while leakage of
      markers into the supernatant fluid is essentially completed on freezing to -25
      degrees C. If the content of mobile water in the sample of reconstituted
      erythrocytes is lower than 1 to 2%, the permeability of plasma membranes for
      [14C]sucrose and haemoglobin changes after freezing to -19 to -22 degrees C.
      These findings suggest that the existence of water-dependent structural changes
      in the membranes can be responsible for a primary mechanism of altering the
      permeability at low temperatures.

PMID- 6824670
TI  - Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4A from rabbit reticulocytes is a heterogeneous
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 6824674
TI  - Replicon size and excision repair as factors in the inhibition and recovery of
      DNA synthesis from ultraviolet damage.
AB  - Initiation of DNA replication and chain growth, analyzed by alkaline sucrose
      gradient sedimentation, was interrupted to different extents in different cell
      types by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Within the first hour of irradiation
      DNA replication was reduced in a manner that depended on the average number of
      lesions per replicating unit (replicon). At low numbers of lesions per replicon,
      inhibition of replicon initiation was the predominant response; at higher numbers
      of lesions per replicon, blockage of chain growth was also observed. After
      irradiation with a dose that initially blocked chain growth, the rate at which
      cells recovered their ability to synthesize increasingly more and larger size DNA
      was a function both of replicon size and of excision repair capacity. Cells with
      small replicons recovered more rapidly than cells with large replicons, and
      excision repair-deficient cells recovered less rapidly than excision-competent
      cells. These observations indicate that excision repair capacity and replicon
      size play major roles in the response of DNA replication to ultraviolet damage.

PMID- 6824672
TI  - Chemical modification of cytosine residues of mouse 5 S ribosomal RNA with
      hydrogen sulfide. (Nucleosides and nucleotides 43).
AB  - Cytosine residues of nucleic acids were converted to 4-thiouracil residues with
      hydrogen sulfide in pyridine and water to examine the secondary and tertiary
      structures of mouse 5 S rRNA. The cytosine residues at positions 10, 24, 34 (or
      36), 39, 44 (or 46) and 63 were converted preferentially when the treatment was
      carried out at 28 degrees C. This result supports the model of the secondary
      structure of 5 S rRNA of Nishikawa, K. and Takemura, S. ((1974) FEBS Lett. 40,
      106-109) consisting of five helices and five loops. As the temperature was
      increased to 35 degrees C, additional cytosine residues in positions 26, 52 and
      78 were modified to moderate extents.

PMID- 6824671
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Translational regulation of synthesis and
      regulation of processing of the enzyme in the uterus by estradiol.

PMID- 6824669
TI  - Flexibility of membrane proteins by broad-line proton magnetic resonance.

PMID- 6824673
TI  - Investigation of sesquiterpene lactones as protein synthesis inhibitors of P-388
      lymphocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - The mode of action of helenalin and bis(helenalinyl) malonate as protein
      synthesis inhibitors of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells was investigated. The
      initial characterizations were carried out in crude lysates of the P-388 cells.
      In the lysate, there was a 4 min lag after the addition of drug before inhibition
      of protein synthesis occurred. Both drugs allowed run-off of preformed polysomes,
      but did significantly inhibit the formation of the 80 S initiation complex
      suggesting a preferential inhibition of one or more initiation reactions. The
      effect of these drugs on inhibition of both elongation and initiation reactions
      was further investigated using more fractionated systems prepared from P-388
      cells. Poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was marginally inhibited by
      both drugs, but the degree of inhibition was not sufficient to explain the
      inhibition observed in either the lysate or in whole cell preparations of P-388.
      The formation of the ternary initiation complex was not significantly inhibited
      by either drug, but the conversion of this complex to the 48 and 80 S initiation
      complexes was inhibited. The inhibition of 48 S initiation complex formation by
      both drugs was sufficient to explain their inhibition of protein synthesis in
      whole cells.

PMID- 6824676
TI  - Isolation and physico-chemical properties of blood platelet alpha-actinin.
AB  - A procedure for the isolation of alpha-actinin from human blood platelets is
      described. Typical yields were 10-13 mg from 48 g of frozen platelets. The
      purified platelet alpha-actinin has many physico-chemical properties (molecular
      weight in native state, molecular weight in denaturing conditions, Stokes radius,
      ellipticities at 208 and 221 nm) similar to those of muscle alpha-actinins.
      However, in contrast to muscle alpha-actinins, it is composed of isoforms
      containing subunits of slightly different molecular weights and its effect on
      actin gelation is calcium-sensitive. These two characteristics are common to
      other known non-muscle alpha-actinins.

PMID- 6824675
TI  - Interactions of the histone octamer with single-stranded DNA. Sedimentation
      analysis and low-angle X-ray diffraction.
AB  - A complex between 140-160 nucleotide single-stranded DNA and the octamer of
      histones was formed and analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray low angle
      diffraction. The morphology of the complex is very similar to that of the
      nucleosome; the diffraction pattern appears less defined than for chromatin
      showing broader maxima in the same positions. These results strongly suggest that
      this particle has a geometry very similar to that of the fundamental subunit of
      chromatin. The possibility of artifacts due to renaturation reaction promoted by
      histones is ruled out by the analysis of the complex with S1 nuclease and by the
      formation of a 'nucleosome like' particle using poly(dT) instead of DNA.
      Association of the histone octamer with either the 140-160 nucleotide single
      stranded DNA or the 140-160 bp double-stranded DNA was evaluated at different
      histone/DNA input ratios. In both cases, the formation of the complex appears to
      be regulated by comparable association constants, and in both cases the trend of
      the complexation reaction in function of the temperature is almost the same.
      These results suggest that an alternative binding of the histone octamer to
      double-stranded or to single-stranded DNA requires low energy charge and may be
      involved in the processes of replication and transcription of the 'active
      chromatin'.

PMID- 6824677
TI  - Stability differences of muscle F-actin in formamide in the presence of Mg2+ and
      Ca2+.
AB  - Muscle G-actin was polymerized by addition of 2 mM Mg2+ or 2 mM Ca2+. Subsequent
      addition of formamide reduced the specific viscosity of the polymer solution.
      However, kinetic analysis of this reduction in the presence or absence of 0.1 M
      KCl revealed differences between F-actin formed in the presence of Mg2+ and F
      actin formed in the presence of Ca2+. In the presence of Mg2+ the viscosity
      dropped instantaneously, reaching within minutes a steady-state level that was
      constant for many hours. In contrast, in the presence of Ca2+ the high-shear
      viscosity continued to decrease slowly after an initial drop, and it could take
      hours until a quasi-equilibrium was obtained. The time was dependent on both
      formamide and protein concentration. Addition of formamide increased the critical
      actin concentration in the presence of Ca2+, but not in the presence of Mg2+.
      This is taken as evidence that in the presence of Ca2+, but not in the presence
      of Mg2+, formamide causes partial depolymerization of F-actin.

PMID- 6824679
TI  - Cross-linking and fluorescence of pyrene-labeled collagen.
AB  - The pyrene-labeling of acid-soluble (type I) and acid-insoluble collagens from
      young and old rat tail tendon has been investigated. The pyrene excimer
      fluorescence is associated with stabilized pyrene labels bound to two adjacent
      aldehydes in monomeric young collagens. Polymeric young collagens, as well as
      monomeric and polymeric old collagens, tend to lose this specific arrangement.
      This is shown by salt and new chromatographic fractionation of monomeric and
      polymeric collagens. During denaturation, pyrene labels are released from
      saturated aldehydes in both alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains. This unstable pyrene
      labeling is stabilized by NaBH4 reduction of the hydrazone bonds between aldehyde
      groups and pyrene-containing hydrazines. This stabilization reveals that alpha 1
      contains more aldehyde groups than does alpha 2 in young collagen. Pepsin
      solubilized, acid-insoluble collagens are partly cross-linked and, like acid
      soluble collagens, exhibit the fluorescence of pyrene aggregates probably located
      at unidentified cross-links, different from unsaturated aldehyde-containing cross
      links in acid-soluble collagens.

PMID- 6824678
TI  - The effects of salts and ureas on the subunit dissociation of concanavalin A.

PMID- 6824682
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity from an extremely thermophilic bacterium,
      Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. Effect of GTP analogues on enzyme activity.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase has been detected for the first time in
      extracts of a thermophilic bacterium, Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. The
      temperature optimum of the thermoresistant ornithine decarboxylase was 55 degrees
      C and the pH optimum was 7.5. It required pyridoxal phosphate and a thiol
      (dithiothreitol) for activity. The activity of the enzyme was closely connected
      to the growth of the thermophilic bacteria, since the activity was highest during
      the logarithmic growth. The enzyme was not inhibited (in contrast to the enzyme
      from Escherichia coli) by putrescine, spermidine or other naturally occurring
      polyamines. When the effect of GTP and a number of GTP analogues was tested on
      the activity of the enzyme, it was observed that GTP or dGTP was necessary for
      the full activity. The modification of either the purine base or 5'-phosphate
      chain of GTP leads to a stimulation smaller than that caused by GTP. Modification
      of the 3'-carbon of the ribose part of GTP (magic spot I and II of Cashel and
      Gallant, Nature 221 (1969) 838-841) caused a distinct inhibition of the enzyme
      activity, indicating that ornithine decarboxylase contains at least two domains
      for binding of GTP. The enzyme was inhibited irreversibly by high concentrations
      (50 mM) of difluoromethylornithine. Extracts of the bacterium contained also
      arginine decarboxylase, but its activity was always very much lower than that of
      ornithine decarboxylase. The activity of arginine decarboxylase was inhibited
      irreversibly by difluoromethylarginine, which is an irreversible suicide
      inhibitor of bacterial arginine decarboxylase (Kallio, A., McCann, P.P. and Bey,
      P. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 3163-3166).

PMID- 6824683
TI  - Thermodynamics of binding between saccharides and Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin.
AB  - Binding constants for the interactions between Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin and
      the following saccharides were estimated at pH 7.0 and 25 degree C, using the
      circular dichroism method: N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, 5700 M-1; N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine, 1000 M-1; melibiose, 86 M-1; raffinose, 350 M-1. The binding of N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine to Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin was investigated in
      detail, using the circular dichroism and fluorescence methods, over the
      temperature range 5-50 degree C and pH range 7.0-2.5. The thermodynamic
      parameters, delta H degree (kcal . mol-1), delta G degree (kcal . mol-1), and
      delta S degree (e.u.), for this binding reaction at 25 degrees C were estimated
      as follows: -11.3, -5.24, -20.3 at pH 7.0; -9.1, -5.71, -11.2 at pH 4.5; -38.3, 
      3.19, -118 at pH 2.5. The negative values of delta H degrees and delta S degrees
      at pH 2.5 were especially large. This may be related to the restoration of the
      Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin molecule or its binding site from an unstable
      configuration caused by lowering the pH of the reaction medium to the original
      configuration of the presence of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.

PMID- 6824681
TI  - Importance of tyrosine for structure and function of mitochondrial malate
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from pig and chicken both contain one
      tyrosine/subunit with highly red-shifted spectrum, most probably involved in a
      hydrogen bond with a carboxylate group. The spectral changes of this tyrosine can
      be used as an indicator for alkaline denaturation, acid transition and coenzyme
      binding. Acid transition is coupled with breaking of this bond by protonation as
      monitored by loss of absorbance at 290 nm. Activity is lost and fluorescence
      intensity is increased at slightly higher pH, thus indicating increased mobility
      of the indicator and most probably of the whole protein prior to protonation of
      the indicator-tyrosine.

PMID- 6824680
TI  - Studies on the complex formed between bacitracin A and divalent cations.
AB  - Bacitracin A is a peptide antibiotic which forms stoichiometric complexes with
      divalent cations, including Ni2+ and Zn2+. In this paper it is shown that the
      metal-bacitracin complex contains a group which has a pKa near pH 5.5.
      Deprotonation of the group is concomitant with the aggregation and precipitation
      of the metal-bacitracin complex. Bacitracin A, in the absence of metals, does not
      contain any group which has a pKa in this range. It is postulated that this group
      is the N-terminal amino of isoleucine, which was previously postulated not to be
      directly involved in metal coordination based on proton release measurements. An
      attempt was made to demonstrate directly that the N-terminal amino group is not
      coordinated to the metal by examining the reactivity of this group with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzene sulfonate. It was clearly shown that bound metals protect the N
      terminal amino group from reacting with this reagent. It is speculated that this
      metal-protection results from a combination of factors, including steric
      hindrance.

PMID- 6824685
TI  - Substrate specificity of S-adenosylhomocysteinase. Cysteine is a substrate of the
      plant and mammalian enzymes.
AB  - Substrate specificity of S-adenosylhomocysteinases (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
      hydrolase, EC 3.3.1.1) with respect to amino acid has been studied using
      homogeneous preparations of the enzymes from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds
      and bovine liver. Both enzymes use cysteine, in addition to homocysteine, as a
      substrate. Homoserine, serine, pinicillamine, reduced glutathione and 2
      mercaptoethanol are not substrates. In the presence of cysteine, the reaction of
      S-adenosylthio-amino acid synthesis is characterized by 20-40-fold lower kcat
      values (kcat = 0.23 s-1 or 0.11 s-1 in the presence of cysteine and either bovine
      or lupin enzyme) and 270-250-fold higher Km values (Km for cysteine is 15 mM and
      35 mM with bovine and lupin enzyme, respectively) than the reaction in the
      presence of the normal substrate, homocysteine. In the reverse reaction, S
      adenosylcysteine is hydrolyzed by the mammalian enzyme much faster than by the
      plant one. Specificity (kcat/Km) towards S-adenosylcysteine and S
      adenosylhomocysteine is 0.9 M-1 . s-1 and 60 000 M-1 . s-1, respectively, with
      the plant enzyme and 15.3 M-1 . s-1 and 70 000 M-1 . s-1, respectively, with the
      mammalian enzyme. With plant enzyme, the reactions with cysteine and homocysteine
      are not competitive, i.e., cysteine does not inhibit the synthesis of S
      adenosylhomocysteine, and homocysteine does not inhibit the synthesis of S
      adenosylcysteine. This is consistent with independent binding of cysteine and
      homocysteine to both enzyme subunits. Using adenosine analogs and the mammalian S
      adenosylhomocysteinase we were able to synthesize a number of novel S
      adenosylcysteine analogs. These included: S-N6-hydroxyadenosyl-L-cysteine, S-2
      aminoadenosyl-L-cysteine, S-nebularyl-L-cysteine, S-3-deazaadenosyl-L-cysteine, S
      formycyl-L-cysteine, S-N6-methyladenosyl-L-cysteine and S-N1-oxideadenosyl-L
      cysteine.

PMID- 6824684
TI  - Inhibition of fibrin polymerization by fragment d is affected by calcium, Gly-Pro
      Arg and Gly-His-Arg.
AB  - Fibrinopeptides A and B were removed from purified human fibrinogen by bovine
      thrombin, whereas the snake venom protease batroxobin only split fibrinopeptide A
      from fibrinogen. Aggregation of the resulting desAB- and desA-fibrin monomers was
      evaluated by recording the turbidity of incubation mixtures. Fibrin assembly was
      strongly accelerated by increasing the calcium concentration from 10(-5) to 10(
      3) M. Fragment D was obtained from fibrinogen by proteolytic degradation with
      plasmin in the presence of Ca2+. At a 4-fold molar concentration relative to
      fibrinogen, fragment D dramatically inhibited fibrin polymerization at up to 10(
      4) M Ca2+. This anticlotting activity was, however, much less pronounced at 10(
      3) M Ca2+. The thrombin clotting time, measured on human plasma, was prolonged by
      fragment D in a dose-dependent manner. In citrate-containing plasma, the
      fibrinogen clotting was significantly delayed by an equimolar concentration of
      fragment D. In barium sulfate-adsorbed oxalated plasma, containing 2.5 mM Ca2+,
      the same amount of fragment D hardly affected fibrin polymerization. We conclude
      that fragment D has no important anticlotting effect under physiological
      conditions. The synthetic peptide Gly-Pro-Arg, corresponding to the amino
      terminal sequence of the fibrin alpha-chain, inhibited aggregation of both desA
      fibrin and desAB-fibrin at 10(-3) M Ca2+. The inhibition of desAB-fibrin
      polymerization by Gly-Pro-Arg was abolished at 10(-5) M Ca2+. In addition, Gly
      Pro-Arg depressed the anticlotting activity of fragment D at low calcium
      concentration. An analogue of the amino-terminus of fibrin beta-chain, Gly-His
      Arg, strongly accelerated aggregation of desA-fibrin monomers, but only
      moderately enhanced polymerization of desAB-fibrin monomers at 10(-5) M Ca2+,
      both in the presence and in the absence of fragment D. This activating effect of
      Gly-His-Arg was abolished at 10(-3) M Ca2+. It is suggested that the binding of
      calcium, Gly-His-Arg, and possibly also Gly-Pro-Arg, induces a conformational
      change in fibrin monomers and thus accelerates the polymerization process.

PMID- 6824686
TI  - The interaction of bovine dentine phosphophoryn and collagen during
      fibrillogenesis of collagen in vitro.
AB  - Bovine dentinal phosphophoryn retards the rate of collagen self-assembly when
      monomeric collagen is the kinetic unit in fibrillogenesis in vitro. This
      inhibition is dependent on phosphorylation of the protein and affects the lag
      period rather than the growth phase for the formation of collagen fibrils.
      Treatment of the phosphophoryn with calcium markedly increases the inhibitory
      effect. The use of several fluorescent hydrophobic probes indicates that the
      calcium-binding to phosphophoryn does not expose any additional interacting
      hydrophobic domains, thus suggesting that calcium potentiates this interaction,
      probably by providing a different spatial arrangement of charged groups on this
      polyelectrolyte, phosphophoryn.

PMID- 6824687
TI  - Primary structure of hemoglobin from trout (Salmo irideus) amino acid sequence of
      the beta chain of trout Hb I.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the beta chain of trout Hb I is presented; it adds to
      the previously reported sequence of the alpha chain (Bossa et al. (1978) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 536, 298-305), thus completing the primary structure of the
      hemoglobin component of trout's blood devoid of heterotropic phenomena.
      Comparison of beta chain from trout Hb I with the corresponding sequences from
      human and carp shows differences of 46.6% and 34.7%, respectively; the sequence
      (almost completed) of the beta chain from the other major hemoglobin component of
      trout, i.e., trout Hb IV, displays more differences (41.6%) from beta trout Hb I
      than from the corresponding chain of other fishes, such as carp or goldfish.

PMID- 6824688
TI  - Molecular origin of the aging effects in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Rat muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was reacted with two reagents
      aimed at the highly reactive cysteine-149 residue in the active site of the
      enzyme. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated by iodine monochloride. Complete
      inactivation occurred when approx. 6 mol ICl were added per mol enzyme,
      indicating that reactions which compete with the reagent's interaction with
      cysteine-149 take place. Iodine was also found to inactivate the enzyme rapidly
      and effectively, and, when not in excess, this reagent interacted specifically
      with cysteine-149. The fraction of original enzymatic activity which could be
      restored by 2-mercaptoethanol in enzyme samples inhibited by 4.2 mol I2/mol
      enzyme, decreased with time to a limiting value of 0.6 reached after approx. 15
      min. The enzyme thus treated showed a remarkable similarity to enzyme samples
      purified from old rats, both in its activity and in NAD+ binding patterns under
      various conditions. It is concluded that the structural modifications induced in
      the modified enzyme resemble the age-related modifications in native 'old'
      enzyme. These results demonstrate that the origin of the age-related effects in
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is in subtle, post-synthetic structural
      changes. The inactivation reactions described above require a non-reducing
      environment for the enzyme. Whether such conditions do exist in cells of old
      animals is the subject of future studies.

PMID- 6824689
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of ornithine decarboxylase in vitro inactivation.
AB  - Hydrocortisone-induced rat liver ornithine decarboxylase appears quite stable in
      the soluble fraction of the homogenate incubated at 37 degrees C. In contrast,
      the incubation of the whole homogenate causes a rapid loss of activity. The
      ornithine decarboxylase-inactivating capacity appears mainly bound to microsomes.
      Lysosomes seem to play a role only after the microsome-induced inactivation.
      Different reducing agents (dithiothreitol, NADPH, NADH, GSH) are effective both
      in preventing and in reversing ornithine decarboxylase inactivation. NADPH is
      peculiar in that it can reactivate the enzyme at very low concentrations.
      Oxidized glutathione potentiates the inactivating effect of microsomes. On the
      basis of present results it is suggested that ornithine decarboxylase may be
      reversibly inactivated through microsome-catalyzed formation of mixed or enzyme
      enzyme disulfides and that NADPH plays a crucial role in ornithine decarboxylase
      reactivation, probably by cytosolic reductase(s).

PMID- 6824690
TI  - Interaction of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase with triazine dyes. A rapid
      purification method by affinity chromatography.
AB  - The triazine dyes, Cibacron blue F3GA and Procion red HE3B inhibited diaphorase
      activity of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, in a competitive manner with respect to
      NADPH. The Ki values were 1.5 and 0.2 microM, respectively. Binding of the dyes
      to the flavoprotein, as measured by difference spectroscopy, indicated an
      apparent stoichiometry of 1 mol dye/mol reductase and was prevented by NADP+ or
      high ionic strength. Chemical modification of a lysine residue and a carboxyl
      group at the NADP(H) binding site of the enzyme prevented complex formation with
      Procion red. Procion red showed a higher affinity for ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase
      than Cibacron blue. The Kd values were 1.9 and 5 microM, respectively. Once
      covalently linked to a Sepharose matrix, the triazine compounds specifically bind
      the flavoprotein. The interaction is partially electrostatic and partially
      hydrophobic. The enzyme can be eluted by high concentrations of salt or low
      concentrations of the corresponding coenzyme. The use of this affinity column
      allows the rapid purification of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from spinach
      leaves with good yields.

PMID- 6824691
TI  - Conformational properties of human immunoglobulin G subclasses. Analysis by
      temperature-perturbation and solvent-perturbation spectroscopy.

PMID- 6824693
TI  - Properties of detergent-dispersed iodothyronine 5- and 5'-deiodinase activities
      from rat liver.
AB  - In order to obtain more knowledge about the regulation and mechanism of thyroid
      hormone deiodination, some properties of detergent-solubilized iodothyronine
      deiodinase have been studied. Moreover, a starting point for its purification has
      been made. Several chromatography media were tested for their ability to purify
      the deiodinases. In some instances, a 4-fold purification was obtained. Treatment
      of cholate-solubilized microsomes with 35% ammonium sulphate resulted in
      quantitative precipitation of the deiodinase activities and concomitant removal
      of phospholipid. The pellet could be solubilized with 0.3% W-1 ether and the
      deiodinase in this ammonium sulphate extract exhibited approximately 10-fold
      higher apparent Km and Vmax values for its substrate compared with the cholate
      extract. Readdition of some phospholipids was shown to decrease enzyme activity.
      Isoelectric focusing of W-1 ether-solubilized microsomes resulted in a major
      activity peak around pH 6.4 and a minor peak at pH 5.2, while in the ammonium
      sulphate extract the deiodinase had an isoelectric point at pH 9.3. Refocusing of
      this activity peak yielded a preparation with a specific activity only 3-times
      higher than in the ammonium sulphate extract. However, after sodium dodecyl
      sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis only five bands could be detected.
      The elevated kinetic parameters as well as the higher isoelectric point of the
      deiodinase after ammonium sulphate treatment were caused by delipidation of the
      enzyme. Both the change in isoelectric point and the behaviour on several column
      materials were found to be similar for the 5- and 5'-deiodinase activities. These
      results suggest that a single enzyme is operative in the deiodination of
      iodothyronines in rat liver and that its activity may be regulated by
      phospholipids.

PMID- 6824692
TI  - The primary structure of myoglobin from pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas
      caranigra).
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the main component myoglobin from skeletal muscle of
      Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas caranigra) has been determined. The
      globin is 153 residues in length and has a free amino-terminus. The heme-binding
      and internal residues are as found in mammalian myoglobins. Ten substitutions are
      observed between this myoglobin and that from map turtle. About 38, 52, 47 and 86
      substitutions are noted in comparison with the myoglobins of other reptiles,
      mammals, birds and fish, respectively. The inferred pattern of structural
      stabilization and conservation of two loci are typical of tetrapod myoglobin.

PMID- 6824694
TI  - An exploration of the binding site of aldolase using alkanediol monoglycolate
      bisphosphoric esters.
AB  - Alkanediol monoglycolate bisphosphoric esters (P-O-CH2-CO-O-(CH2)n-O-P), which
      are analogues of the aldolase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) substrate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, were
      synthesized and used for probing its active site. The Ki value was lowest when
      the maximum distance between the phosphorus atoms of the bisphosphate was brought
      close to that of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The binding constants estimated from
      difference spectra correlate well with Ki values for the substrate analogues.
      Propanediol monoglycolate bisphosphoric ester protected aldolase from
      inactivation by 1,2-cyclohexanedione, which preferentially attacks arginine-55.
      However, propanol phosphate had little protective effect. The synthesized
      phosphate compounds protected the enzyme against inactivation by trypsin, and
      also against spontaneous denaturation. These results suggest that the synthesized
      phosphate compounds bind to aldolase at the active site, which tends to keep the
      distance constant between the two phosphate-binding sites for the open-chain form
      of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and stabilize the natural conformation of the
      enzyme. Both arginine-55 and lysine-146 are shown to participate in the phosphate
      binding site for the C-1-phosphate of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

PMID- 6824697
TI  - The active site of an acidic endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of Aspergillus niger.
AB  - The substrate binding site of an acidic endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (1,4-beta-D-xylan
      xylanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.8) of Aspergillus niger was investigated using 1,4-beta
      xylooligosaccharides (1-3H)-labelled at the reducing end. Bond cleavage
      frequencies and V/Km parameters of the oligosaccharides were determined under
      conditions of unimolecular hydrolysis and, according to the method of Suganuma et
      al. (J. Biochem. (Tokyo) (1978) 84, 293-316), used for evaluation of subsite
      affinities. The substrate binding site of the enzyme was found to consist of
      seven subsites, numbered -IV, -III, -II, -I, I, II and III, towards the subsite
      binding the reducing end unit of xyloheptaose. The catalytic groups were
      localized between subsites -I and I, the affinities of which have not been
      determined. All other subsites showed positive values of affinities for binding
      xylosyl residues. The values decrease from subsites -II and II, similarly in both
      directions. As a consequence of such an almost symmetric distribution of
      affinities around the catalytic groups, the enzyme cleaves preferentially the
      bonds in the oligosaccharides which are most distant from both terminals. Thus,
      the acidic A. niger beta-xylanase appears to be an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase
      attacking polymeric substrates in a random fashion. This conclusion was supported
      by viscosimetric measurements with carboxymethylxylan as a substrate.

PMID- 6824695
TI  - Sepharose-stearate as substrate for rat liver long-chain fatty acyl-CoA
      synthetase.
AB  - Stearic acid coupled covalently to Sepharose 6B serves as substrate for
      thioesterification catalyzed by rat liver long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
      (ATP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.3). Availability as substrate is dependent upon the
      conservation of the free omega-terminal in addition to that of the free carboxyl
      function. The enzymatic overall formation of matrix-acyl-CoA in the presence of
      ATP and CoA as cosubstrates conforms to the stoichiometry reported for
      thioesterification of the free long-chain fatty acyl substrate. The preformed
      matrix-acyl-CoA serves as substrate for the backward synthetase reaction in the
      presence of AMP and PPi. The apparent Km values for ATP and CoA in the presence
      of the acyl matrix are similar to the respective Km values observed in the
      presence of the free acid substrate. The apparent Km for the acyl matrix is 10
      fold higher (0.5 mM) than the apparent Km value for the free acid. The
      feasibility of enzymatic thioesterification of bound long-chain fatty acids
      implies that the exact nature of the bulky chain situated between the carboxy and
      omega-terminal plays a secondary role in defining the fatty acyl substrate
      specificity for long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. Also, dissociation of bound
      long-chain fatty acids does not constitute an obligatory preliminary step to
      fatty acid thioesterification.

PMID- 6824696
TI  - Inhibition of dihydropteridine reductase by catecholamines and related compounds.
AB  - Catecholamines and related compounds, such as dopamine, 5- or 6-hydroxydopamine,
      N-methyldopamine, tyramine, octopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, inhibit
      human liver dihydropteridine reductase (NADH:6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase,
      EC 1.6.99.10) noncompetitively with Ki values ranging from 7.0 X 10(-6) - 1.9 X
      10(-4)M (I50 values = 2.0 X 10(-5) - 2.0 X 10(-4)M). The tyrosine analogs alpha
      methyltyrosine and 3-iodotyrosine are weak inhibitors of this enzyme (I50 greater
      than 10(-3)M). The inhibitory effect of catecholamines is slightly decreased by O
      methylation of one hydroxyl group, but is essentially abolished by total
      methylation. The inhibitory strength of the catecholamines and related compounds
      tested against this enzyme can be arranged in the following order: dopamine, 6
      hydroxydopamine, 5-hydroxydopamine, N-methyldopamine greater than tyramine, 3-O
      methyldopamine, 4-O-methyldopamine much greater than epinephrine, 3-O
      methylepinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine less than tyrosine much less than
      alpha-methyltyrosine, 3-iodotyrosine much less than homoveratrylamine. These
      results suggest that dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine may serve as
      physiological regulators of mammalian dihydropteridine reductase.

PMID- 6824698
TI  - Subunit interactions in the dimeric and tetrameric hemoglobins from the mollusc
      Scapharca inaequivalvis.
AB  - The dissociation behaviour of oxygenated Scapharea inaequivalvis HbII, the
      tetrameric hemoglobin component contained in the erythrocytes of this bivalve
      mollusc, has been compared with that of oxygenated human hemoglobin, HbA. At
      neutral pH the molluscan protein dissociates reversibly into dimers as does HbA,
      although dissociation is less marked; moreover the dimer-tetramer association
      constant is not sensitive to the presence of inorganic phosphates and high salt
      concentrations. HbII dimers hybridize with HbA dimers in solution, pointing to an
      overall similarity of the dimer interfaces in these hemoglobins from distantly
      related species. The gel filtration behaviour of the dimeric hemoglobin component
      of the erythrocytes. HbI, indicates that at neutral pH the protein has very
      little tendency to dissociate into monomers even at micromolar concentrations. Hb
      I was found to contain small amounts (2-4%) of bound carbohydrates.

PMID- 6824699
TI  - Interaction between cytosolic monoamine oxidase and spin-labeled amphetamine and
      its modification by clorgyline and pargyline.
AB  - Interactions between a monoamine oxidase (monoamine: oxygen oxidoreductase
      deaminating, EC 1.4.3.4) obtained from rat liver cytosol by high speed
      centrifugation and a biologically active, spin labeled analog of amphetamine have
      been analyzed. The acetylenic monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pargyline and
      clorgyline, have been used to modulate the binding of spin labeled amphetamine.
      Broadening of electron spin resonance lines induced by immobilization of the
      probe on binding has been used to determine the concentration of bound probe.
      Pargyline was found to inhibit binding of spin labeled amphetamine by cytosolic
      monoamine oxidase. Bound spin labeled amphetamine was also displaceable by
      pargyline. In contrast, clorgyline enhanced the binding of spin labeled
      amphetamine to the cytosolic monoamine oxidase preparation. Inhibition or
      enhancement of amphetamine binding was very rapid and occurred during the
      reversible stage of interaction between the enzyme and the acetylenic compounds.

PMID- 6824700
TI  - Identification of cyanogen bromide-fragments of the protein core of bovine nasal
      cartilage proteoglycan monomer.
AB  - Cyanogen bromide treatment of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan monomer gave
      rise to three major fractions (CN-1 to CN-3), isolated by Sepharose CL-6B
      chromatography. The uronate-rich fraction in the void volume (CN-1) digested with
      chondroitinase ABC (C treatment) yielded a fragment (CN-1 C/6B) with a unique N
      terminal sequence. The same fraction, when digested sequentially by
      chondroitinase ABC and trypsin (CT treatment), was resolved into two distinct
      fractions, CN-1 CT/6B-1 and CN-1 CT/6B-2. CN-1 CT/6B-1 consisted in a keratan
      sulfate-rich region, representing the N-terminal moiety of the CN-1 fraction;
      these data suggested, according to the model of the proteoglycan monomer
      structure described by Heinegard, D. and Axelsson, I. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252,
      1971-1979, that its C-terminal moiety is localized at the end of the core bearing
      the chondroitin sulfate chains. CN-1 CT/6B-2 contained two fragments from the
      chondroitin sulfate-bearing region: one of them has been submitted to Edman
      degradation. The CN-2 fraction upon chondroitinase and trypsin treatments gave
      rise to a keratan-bearing region (CN-2 CT/6B-1) and a mannose-rich region (CN-2
      CT/6B-2). After reduction and alkylation of CN-2, the N-terminal sequence of the
      isolated major fragment (CN-2 RA/6B-1) was determined. The CN-3 fraction revealed
      a pattern upon electrophoresis similar to that of the cyanogen bromide-treated
      hyaluronic acid-binding region.

PMID- 6824701
TI  - Studies on heterogeneity in ferritin subunits.
AB  - Subunits prepared by dissociating rat and human ferritins by acid/urea or SDS can
      be resolved by isoelectric focusing in urea/Triton gels into many discrete forms.
      Most of these are not true isosubunits but aggregation artefacts formed during
      electrofocusing. The distribution of H and L subunit classes in these aggregates
      indicates that HeLa and heart ferritins contain similar classes of H and L
      subunits but that one or both of these classes is different in liver and kidney
      ferritins. To avoid aggregation artefacts, we examined subunits synthesised in
      vitro from exogenous mRNA. Our results indicate that HeLa and rat liver cells
      synthesise only one class of L subunit but two classes of H subunit.

PMID- 6824702
TI  - Prediction of three-dimensional structure of plant lectins from the domains of
      concanavalin A.
AB  - The circularly permuted sequence homology that relates concanavalin A to the
      other leguminous plant lectins can be explained by an evolutionary model that
      requires three exons. The identification of these potential exons from the amino
      acid sequence data allows the prediction of three domains in the lectin
      structure. The predicted domains are reasonable, functional and structural units
      in concanavalin A, demonstrating the correspondence of exons and domains. In
      addition, slight modifications to the three-dimensional structure of concanavalin
      A produced a model which was consistent with the sequence data for the other
      plant lectins.

PMID- 6824703
TI  - Differences in affinity of beta and delta hemoglobin chains for alpha chains. A
      possible explanation for the variation in the percentages of hemoglobin A2 in
      thalassemia and other disorders.
AB  - Individual human alpha, beta and delta hemoglobin chain types were isolated in a
      native form so that the hemoglobin tetramers Hb A and Hb A2 could be
      reconstituted. In order to measure the relative affinity of beta and delta chains
      for alpha chains, an equimolar mixture of beta and delta chains was incubated
      with decreasing concentrations of alpha chains. When alpha chains were present in
      an amount equal to or greater than that of the mixture of beta and delta chains,
      the amount of Hb A2 was similar to that of Hb A. When alpha chains were in
      limiting concentrations, more Hb A than A2 was always formed with gradually
      decreasing amounts of Hb A2. The data as interpreted indicate that alpha chains
      have an affinity for beta chains at least 7.6-times greater than that for delta
      chains. These results also suggest that the differential affinity between beta
      and delta chains may be a major post-translational mechanism, which explains the
      increased level of Hb A2 in beta-thalassemia, and its reduced amounts in alpha
      thalassemia and in acquired disorders with deficient alpha-chain synthesis.

PMID- 6824704
TI  - Helix formation upon acidification of protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes.
AB  - The pH dependence of circular dichroism spectra has been studied for dodecyl
      sulfate complexes formed by 25 proteins and for a random copolypeptide of
      glutamic acid and alanine. The pH range covered is that in which titration of
      side-chain carboxyl groups is to be expected. Circular dichroism spectra signify
      an increase in helical content upon acidification, although in many cases the
      increase is quite small. For all but three of the proteins studied, the spectral
      changes are in reasonable agreement with those expected because helix propagation
      by glutamyl and aspartyl residues is enhanced when the state of the side-chain
      carboxyl changes from COO- to COOH. This simple explanation seriously
      underestimates conformational changes reported for gastrin, Kunitz trypsin
      inhibitor and tropomyosin. Changes in charge density appear to play an important
      role in these proteins.

PMID- 6824709
TI  - Thermodynamics of steroid partitioning in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      liposomes.
AB  - The thermodynamics of partitioning of some steroids into
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes determined above and below the
      phase-transition temperature (Tc) revealed that: (1) delta Gw leads to 1 for all
      steroids studied is negative. (2) The process is entropy dominated. (3) delta Hw
      leads to 1 and delta Sw leads to 1 is more positive below Tc than above it for C
      21 steroids. (4) Partitioning occurs into areas slightly more hydrophilic than n
      octanol. (5) Ketones substituted on the 11 position of a 21-OH steroid have
      greater hydrogen-bonding capability than 11-OH compounds. (6) Hydroxyl groups at
      different positions on the steroid nucleus are non-equivalent, and (7) The group
      contribution for 21-ester methylenes is greater than that reported for other
      solutes in DMPC liposome systems.

PMID- 6824706
TI  - Reversible alterations in fatty acid profile of glycerophospholipids in rat heart
      muscle induced by repeated norepinephrine administration.
AB  - Rats were injected subcutaneously for 2 weeks with increasing amounts of
      norepinephrine. The lipid composition of the heart muscle was examined for nearly
      2 months. The treatment caused major changes in fatty acyl chain composition of
      myocardial phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In these
      phospholipids, linoleic acid was decreased to about half of the control value but
      docosahexaenoic acid increased about 50% in phoshatidylethanolamine and more than
      doubled in phosphatidylcholine. Arachidonic acid content rose about 50% in
      phosphatidylcholine but was lowered in phosphatidylethanolamine. The cardiolipin
      fraction retained its high amount of linoleic acid and the fatty acid composition
      of the triacylglycerol was not altered, although the amount was significantly
      decreased. These changes reverted to control levels in 4-8 days after the final
      injection, although rebound behaviour was observed. An inverse relationship
      between arachidonic acid content of phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine was observed.

PMID- 6824707
TI  - Influence of sex hormones on lung maturation in the fetal rabbit.

PMID- 6824708
TI  - Characterization of phospholipase A2 activity in rat aorta smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Phospholipase A activity was measured in homogenates and acid extracts of smooth
      muscle cells from rat aorta and mesenteric artery using [1-14 C]oleate-labeled
      autoclaved Escherichia coli and 1-[1-14C]stearyl-2-acyl-3-sn
      glycerophosphorylethanolamine as substrates. The results demonstrate the presence
      of neutral-active phospholipase(s) A that exclusively catalyze the release of
      fatty acid from the 2-position of phospholipids. Optimal activity was at pH 7.5,
      and there was an absolute requirement for low concentrations of Ca2+. Mg2+ did
      not substitute for Ca2+, and EGTA inhibited the activity. Phospholipase A2
      activity was predominantly membrane-associated and was solubilized by
      homogenization in 0.18 N H2SO4. Sulfuric acid extracts of rat aortic smooth
      muscle cells were four times more active than extracts of mesenteric artery (710
      vs. 170 nmol/h per mg protein). By comparison, acid extracts of rat lung, heart,
      and liver were less active (60-75 nmol/h per mg). Indomethacin, sodium
      meclofenamate, mepacrine and chlorpromazine, but not dexamethasone or aspirin,
      inhibited acid-solubilized phospholipase(s) A2 between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M in a
      dose-dependent manner. Preincubation with p-bromophenacyl bromide or
      diethylpyrocarbonate inhibited phospholipase(s) A2, suggesting the presence of a
      histidine residue at the active site. An extract from the leaves of feverfew
      plant (Tanacetum parthenium) was also a potent inhibitor of aortic smooth muscle
      phospholipase(s) A2.

PMID- 6824711
TI  - The importance of bile salt for the reactivation of pancreatic lipase by
      colipase.

PMID- 6824710
TI  - Carnitine acetyltransferase. Effect of malonyl-CoA, fasting and clofibrate
      feeding in mitochondria from different tissues.
AB  - Malonyl-CoA sensitivity of carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) activities in
      isolated intact mitochondria from rat liver, heart and white and brown adipose
      tissue, and rabbit liver and heart were studied with a radioisotopic assay using
      [3H]acetyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA inhibited [3H]acetylcarnitine formation in intact rat
      liver mitochondria (overt activity), while acetyltransferase in heart and white
      and brown adipose tissue were malonyl-CoA-insensitive. Acetyltransferase from
      rabbit liver and heart was only weakly inhibited by malonyl-CoA.
      Acetyltransferase in intact rat liver peroxisomes was malonyl-CoA-insensitive.
      Lysis of the mitochondria with (+)palmitoylcarnitine increased acetyltransferase
      activities (total activity) in all mitochondria studied and abolished malonyl-CoA
      sensitivity, showing the necessity of intact mitochondrial membranes for malonyl
      CoA-sensitivity. A differential increase in overt and total mitochondrial
      carnitine acetyltransferase was observed in rat liver upon fasting and clofibrate
      feeding. Fasting increased overt activity more than total activity and diminished
      malonyl-CoA-sensitivity. Clofibrate increased mainly total activity and also
      reduced malonyl-CoA-sensitivity. A similar pattern of increased activities was
      observed with palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA as substrates.

PMID- 6824705
TI  - Atypical reaction of 'essential' sulfhydryl groups of malic enzyme with 2-nitro-5
      thiocyanobenzoate and 2,4-dinitrophenylthiocyanate.
AB  - Under protective conditions N-ethylmaleimide irreversibly blocks most of the
      nonessential SH groups of pigeon liver malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) leaving the
      oxidative decarboxylase activity intact. Reaction between the resultant
      prereacted enzyme and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) leads to the
      modification of about seven SH residues/tetramer, of which four fast-reacting
      groups constitute the 'essential' groups responsible for the loss of oxidative
      decarboxylase activity. 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate (NTCB) reacts atypically with
      the prereacted enzyme by substituting the four 'essential' SH residues with one
      cyano residue and three 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate residues. The resulting enzyme
      derivative is 90% inactive. The cyanoenzyme derivative produced by cyanolysis of
      DTNB-modified prereacted enzyme or NTCB-modified prereacted enzyme has all four
      'essential' SH groups substituted with cyano groups and possesses half of the
      original activity. Modification of prereacted enzyme by 2,4
      dinitrophenylthiocyanate (DNPT), in contrast to NTCB, results in unequal
      substitution of the 'essential' residues with cyano residues and a single 2,4
      dinitrophenyl residue. Dithiothreitol reactivates the DNPT-modified prereacted
      enzyme by regenerating three 'essential' SH residues, but failed to release the
      dinitrophenyl residue. The atypical reactions of prereacted enzyme with NTCB or
      DNPT require that the native conformation of the enzyme be retained, since these
      reagents react by substituting the SH groups of urea-denatured enzyme with only
      cyano groups.

PMID- 6824713
TI  - Subfractionation of lung surfactant. Implications for metabolism and surface
      activity.
AB  - Because previous studies have suggested that lung surfactant is not a simple
      compartment of homogeneous material, we subfractionated lamellar bodies and
      components of alveolar lavage from male New Zealand white rabbits, according to
      differences in sedimentability. We recovered two lamellar body populations at
      different densities in discontinuous sucrose density gradients; we separated six
      subfractions of alveolar lavage by differential centrifugation. To determine
      whether or not precursor-product relationships existed among the subfractions, we
      injected radioactive palmitate intravenously, killed the rabbits 1-72 h later,
      and measured phospholipid specific activities. The two populations of lamellar
      bodies had similar phospholipid composition, fatty acyl composition of
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, and surface activity. Light
      lamellar bodies had a higher ratio of phospholipid to protein, and labelled with
      tracer later in time than dense ones. For alveolar lavage subfractions, later
      labelling with tracer, lower adsorption rate and lower total protein and
      phosphatidylglycerol content seemed to correlate with decreasing average density
      and particle size as well as with the disappearance of tubular myelin structure
      and appearance of predominantly vesicular structure. The subfractions appear to
      be in a metabolic sequence in which heavier, more dense material is a precursor
      to lighter, less dense material. The results suggest that subfractions of
      surfactant are extensively recycled.

PMID- 6824712
TI  - Biochemical studies in Niemann-Pick disease. I. Major sphingolipids of liver and
      spleen.
AB  - In liver and spleen specimens of 12 patients with Niemann-Pick disease types A or
      B, sphingomyelin was increased 15-45-fold, total phospholipids 4-10-fold and
      cholesterol 3-6-fold over the normal values. The storage pattern was
      qualitatively similar in both types but the degree of accumulation was less in
      type B. In Niemann-Pick disease type C (16 cases), sphingomyelin was increased
      3.5-fold in liver and 6-fold in spleen. In all forms of Niemann-Pick disease,
      bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was markedly elevated. Glycosphingolipids were
      studied in six cases with type C, three cases with type B and two cases with type
      A. Glucosylceramide showed the largest increase from the normal pattern in all
      types of Niemann-Pick disease. Highest values were recorded in type C, 14- and 35
      fold normal concentrations in liver and spleen, respectively. Other neutral
      glycosphingolipids, particularly lactosylceramide, were also elevated, and a 2-4
      fold increase of ganglioside GM3 occurred. The fatty acid profiles of the
      sphingolipids showed only minor alterations. In contrast to the largely
      dominating sphingomyelin storage found in liver and spleen of Niemann-Pick
      disease types A and B, the major characteristic of the lipid storage in Niemann
      Pick disease type C was the absence of any prevailing accumulation and, thus, the
      concept of this disorder as a primary sphingomyelin storage disease is not
      founded.

PMID- 6824715
TI  - Isoglobotriaosylceramide and the Forssman glycolipid of dog small intestine
      occupy separate tissue compartments and differ in ceramide composition.

PMID- 6824714
TI  - Acyl specificity in triacylglycerol synthesis by mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC
      in Fischer rats.
AB  - Activities and acyl specificities of both sn-glycero-3-phosphate and
      diacylglycerol acyltransferases in microsomal fractions isolated from homogenates
      of the mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC carried by Fischer rats were compared to
      those from normal mammary glands of lactating Fischer rats. Although the neoplasm
      exhibited lower activities for these two enzyme reactions, the specificities for
      acyl-CoAs as donors were quite similar to those found in the normal tissue
      counterpart. Long-chain acyl-CoAs were preferred substrates for the sn-glycero-3
      phosphate acyltransferase reaction while acyltransferase with diacylglycerol as
      acceptor showed much less preference. With both normal and neoplastic tissues,
      the products of each reaction were the same, i.e., phosphatides with sn-glycero-3
      phosphate and triacylglycerol with diacylglycerol as acyl acceptors,
      respectively. All results support the concept of a non-random distribution of
      fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of this mammary adenocarcinoma in virgin rats
      which is the same as that from the normal tissue in lactating animals.

PMID- 6824717
TI  - Differences in lipid peroxidation of rat liver rough and smooth microsomes.
AB  - The rough and smooth microsomes of rat liver show significant differences in
      lipid peroxidation induced by both NADPH and ascorbate. The parameters studied
      include kinetics, response towards cofactors and sensitivity to inhibitors.
      Smooth microsomes are more prone to lipid peroxidation with increasing
      concentrations of NADPH, Fe3+, ascorbate and Fe2+, and are more susceptible to
      inhibitors than rough microsomes. Smooth microsomes also contain higher amounts
      of ascorbic acid, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and total lipids, besides
      possessing a higher degree of unsaturation in lipids, all of which promote lipid
      peroxidation. Our results suggest that, although smooth microsomes are more
      sensitive to lipid peroxidation, they are compensated for by being more sensitive
      to inhibitors of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6824716
TI  - The effect of betamethasone and fetal sex on the synthesis and maturation of lung
      surfactant phospholipids in rabbits.
AB  - In the present study we investigated the maturation of the surfactant
      phospholipids and the role of fetal sex on the effect of betamethasone in male
      and female rabbit fetuses. Betamethasone was administered to the doe (0.2 mg/kg
      intramuscularly) 42 and 18 h prior to killing. The fetuses were studied at 27 and
      28 days from conception. Results from the alveolar lavage show that male fetuses
      tended to have a lower disaturated phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio and
      lower levels of phosphatidylinositol. Phosphatidylglycerol was detected in trace
      amounts. This was apparently due to the high extracellular levels of myo-inositol
      inhibiting the synthesis of surfactant phosphatidylglycerol while increasing the
      synthesis of surfactant phosphatidylinositol. Betamethasone increased the
      recovery of disaturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol from the
      lung lavage in both sexes. As studied in lung slices in vitro, the betamethasone
      treatment decreased the incorporation of glucose into phospholipids, including
      into the fatty acid moiety of disaturated phosphatidylcholine, although it had no
      significant effect on the incorporation of glucose into the glycerol moiety of
      disaturated phosphatidylcholine. However, the addition of palmitate increased the
      incorporation of glucose into the glycerol moiety of disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine. The betamethasone treatment did not increase the
      incorporation of [1-14C]pyruvate into disaturated phosphatidylcholine. Following
      betamethasone administration, the availability of fatty acids may become rate
      limiting for the synthesis of surfactant phospholipids. Betamethasone increased
      the activities of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase and phosphatidate
      cytidyltransferase in a fraction of microsomal membranes. The present evidence
      suggests that the glucocorticoid-induced lung maturation and the maturation of
      the normal lung are associated with an increase in the activity of the enzymes
      which are involved in metabolizing phosphatidic acid to neutral and acidic
      surfactant secretion of the male fetus was not explained by possible sex-related
      differences in the biosynthesis of the phospholipids.

PMID- 6824719
TI  - Characterization of a novel ceramide octasaccharide isolated from whole tissue of
      a fresh-water bivalve, Corbicula sandai.
AB  - A novel glycosphingolipid containing two mannose residues, provisionally named GL
      1 in a previous paper (Itasaka, O. and Hori, T. (1979) J. Biochem. 85, 1469
      1481), was isolated from whole tissue of a fresh-water bivalve, Corbicula sandai,
      and the structure of the glycolipid was determined to be: Galp4Me(beta1 more than
      3)GalpNAc(beta1 more than 3)Fucp(alpha1 more than 4)GlcpNAc(beta1 more than
      2)Manp(alpha1 more than 3)(Xylp(alpha1 more than 2))Manp(beta1 more than
      4)Glcp(beta1 more than 1)Cer. Glycosphingolipid-1 seems to be a biosynthetic
      precursor of glycosphingolipid-3, because they have an identical octasaccharide
      structure, except for the presence of an aminoethylphosphoryl residue in
      glycospingolipid-3. However, in contrast to glycosphinogolipid-3,
      glycosphingolipid-1 has a more complex ceramide pattern. This fact suggests that
      glycosphingolipid-1 as isolated is not a degradation product of glycosphingolipid
      3, and it can be presumed that the restricted molecular species of
      glycosphingolipid-1 which has the same ceramide constitution as glycosphingolipid
      3 may be utilized preferentially for glycosphingolipid-3 biosynthesis.

PMID- 6824718
TI  - Transfer of [3H]cholesterol between lipid vesicles and rat arterial smooth muscle
      cells in vitro.
AB  - Unesterified [3H]cholesterol is rapidly transferred between cholesterol
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles and rat arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro.
      Exchange rate is influenced by the vesicle/cell ratio in a saturable way. The
      maximal transfer of cholesterol, which is 3.76 micrograms per mg cell protein
      during 4 h, is achieved with a vesicle/cell ratio of 3.4 X 10(7). Bovine serum
      albumin enhances the exchange by a factor of 4.5 compared to a protein-free
      system. The activation energy for the process is + 38.5 kJ X mol-1 with vesicles
      of 1:1 mole ratio of cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine (C/P). A fraction of the
      incorporated free [3H]cholesterol is esterified within 4 h with donor vesicles of
      over 1:1 C/P. When cells were incubated with vesicles of low C/P mole ratio (1:2)
      a fraction of the incorporated free [3H]cholesterol was esterified within 16 h.
      Our results are compatible with the aqueous diffusion mechanism of cholesterol
      exchange. Furthermore, we suggest that, in rat smooth muscle cells, the cell
      membrane cholesterol pool is not metabolically isolated from internal cholesterol
      pools, at least as judged by the ability of the cells to esterify incorporated
      free cholesterol.

PMID- 6824720
TI  - The effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of arachidonic acid in
      rat kidney cells.
AB  - Cultured rat kidney cells absorbed exogenous linoleic acid (cic, cis-18:2n-6) and
      esterified it mostly into glycerophospholipids. As the concentration of 18:2 was
      increased (5-200 microM) the quantity absorbed increased linearly and the amount
      esterified in the triacylglycerol increased. The cells possessed active acyl
      delta 6-desaturase and elongase which facilely converted 18:2n-6 to 20:4n-6. At
      low intracellular concentrations of 18:2n-6 other unsaturated fatty acids, i.e.,
      gamma-linolenic (18:3n-6), alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3), dihomo-gamma-linolenic
      (20:3n-6), and especially trans, trans-linoleic acid (trans, trans-18:2n- -6) at
      concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 microM depressed delta 6-desaturase
      activity. However, suppression of 20:4 synthesis even by trans, trans-18:2 was
      readily overcome by increasing the concentration of available cis, cis-18:2n-6.

PMID- 6824722
TI  - Fate of intravenously administered high-density lipoprotein labeled with
      radioiodinated cholesteryl oleate in normal and hypolipidemic rats.
AB  - Radioiodinated cholesteryl oleate (125I-CO) was found to associate rapidly with
      plasma lipoproteins following intravenous administration to rats. The high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction was observed to contain the highest amount of
      radioiodinated ester. Isolation and purification of this HDL fraction (125I-CO
      HDL) and subsequent administration to rats demonstrated a plasma clearance
      similar to that previously observed for HDL labeled by direct iodination.
      Moreover, the concentration of radioactivity appearing in the adrenal cortex and
      ovary 0.5 h after intravenous administration of 125I-CO-HDL was greater than that
      observed after administration of 125I-CO, and the uptake of radioactivity by
      these tissues was considerably greater in hypolipidemic rats. These findings are
      consistent with existing knowledge relating to the metabolic fate of HDL and
      radioiodinated cholesterol derivatives in the rat, and suggest that
      radioiodinated cholesteryl esters may become useful probes for labeling
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 6824721
TI  - N-Acylation of dog heart ethanolamine phospholipids by transacylase activity.
AB  - Radioactive N-acylethanolamine phospholipids were produced in dog heart
      homogenates incubated with acyl-labeled phosphatidylcholine in the presence of 5
      mM Ca2+ and Triton X-100. 70-80% of the label in the N-acylethanolamine
      phospholipids was recovered in the N-acyl groups and most of the remainder was in
      the 1-O-acyl groups. Incubations with 1,2-dipalmitoylPC and 1-palmitoyl-2
      linoleoylPC labeled in either the 1-O-acyl or 2-O-acyl moiety showed the
      predominant utilization of the acyl groups at the sn-1 position, indicating
      transacylation by phospholipase A1 (or lysophospholipase) activity. It is
      suggested that intramolecular transacylation from 1-O-acyl to N-acyl groups of
      phosphatidylethanolamine also occurred to some extent, thus providing a free
      primary hydroxy group as an additional acyl acceptor for the transacylation
      reaction.

PMID- 6824725
TI  - Activity of lipoprotein lipase in thyroidectomized rats.
AB  - Total plasma postheparin lipolytic activity as well as lipoprotein lipase
      activity in plasma was higher after heparin injection in thyroidectomized rats
      than in controls. In contrast, the activity of liver lipase was lower in
      thyroidectomized rats. Adipose tissue from thyroidectomized rats contained more
      lipoprotein lipase activity than adipose tissue from controls as measured both in
      extracts of tissue homogenates and medium from in vitro incubations of tissue
      pieces. There were no differences between control and hypothyroid rats in the
      disappearance of intravenously injected 125I-labeled lipoprotein lipase, but when
      a low dose of heparin was injected before the labeled enzyme, the disappearance
      of 125I-labeled lipoprotein lipase was more retarded in thyroidectomized rats.
      The elimination of heparin itself was slightly retarded by thyroidectomy.

PMID- 6824727
TI  - 'Specific receptor binding' of radioactively labeled products of radiolysis of
      the estrogen receptor ligand R 2858 (17 alpha-ethynyl-11 beta-methoxy-estradiol
      17 beta).
AB  - Radioactively labeled steroids undergo decomposition processes, which are
      dependent on time, storage conditions (temperature, solvents etc.), degree of
      labeling etc. This communication shows that several decomposition products of 17
      alpha-ethynyl-11 beta-methoxy-estradiol-17 beta (R 2858) bind to rat uterine
      cytosol in a way that would be interpreted as 'specific receptor binding' if some
      of these compounds were present in the ligand solution used for estrogen receptor
      determination. Thus, the binding was charcoal-resistant and displaceable with an
      excess of unlabeled R 2858, and the percentage of binding was of significant
      magnitude to seriously interfere with receptor measurements.

PMID- 6824726
TI  - Mitochondrial and cytosolic hexokinase from rat brain: one and the same enzyme?
AB  - Rat brain mitochondrial hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.1) was solubilized by treatment of the mitochondria with glucose 6
      phosphate and partly purified. The solubilized enzyme was compared with the
      cytosolic enzyme fraction. The solubilized and cytosolic enzymes were also
      compared with the enzyme bound to the mitochondrial membrane. The following
      observations were made. 1. There is no difference in electrophoretic mobility on
      cellulose-acetate between the cytosolic and the solubilized enzyme. Both
      fractions are hexokinase isoenzyme I. 2. There is no difference in kinetic
      parameters between the cytosolic or solubilized enzymes (P less than 0.001). For
      the cytosolic enzyme Km for glucose was 0.067 mM (S.E. = 0.024, n = 7); Km for
      MgATP2- was 0.42 mM (S.E. = 0.13, n = 7) and Ki,app for glucose 1,6-diphosphate
      was 0.084 mM (S.E. = 0.011, n = 5). For the solubilized enzyme Km for glucose was
      0.071 mM (S.E. = 0.021, n = 6); Km for MgATP2- was 0.38 mM (S.E. = 0.11, n = 6)
      and Ki,app for glucose 1,6-diphosphate was 0.074 mM (S.E. = 0.010, n = 5).
      However when bound to the mitochondrial membrane, the enzyme has higher
      affinities for its substrates and a lower affinity for the inhibitor glucose 1,6
      diphosphate. For the mitochondrial fraction Km for glucose was 0.045 mM (S.E. =
      0.013, n = 7); Km for MgATP2- was 0.13 mM (S.E. = 0.02, n = 7) and Ki,app for
      glucose 1,6-diphosphate was 0.33 mM (S.E. = 0.03, n = 5). 3. The cytosolic and
      solubilized enzyme could be (re)-bound to depleted mitochondria to the same
      extent and with the same affinity. Limited proteolysis fully destroyed the
      enzyme's ability to bind to depleted mitochondria. 4. Our data support the
      hypothesis that soluble- and solubilizable enzyme from rat brain are one and the
      same enzyme, and that there is a simple equilibrium between the enzyme in these
      two pools.

PMID- 6824723
TI  - The coordination of sterol and phospholipid synthesis in cultured myogenic cells.
      Effect of cholesterol synthesis inhibition on the synthesis of
      phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The coordination of biosynthesis of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine has been
      investigated in a myoblast cell line L6, grown in lipid-depleted medium. The
      addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol or compactin to this medium inhibits
      cholesterol synthesis by over 95%. The rate of [3H]choline incorporation into
      phosphatidylcholine begins to decline after 6 h and eventually falls to 45% of
      control. Measurements of choline flux through the CDPcholine pathway and of the
      pool sizes of choline-containing intermediates indicate that the formation of
      CDPcholine is the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine synthesis in L6. The
      rate of CDPcholine synthesis was measured in vivo by pulse-chase experiments.
      Culturing cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol or compactin results in an inhibition
      of this step, which parallels the inhibition of incorporation of [3H]choline into
      phosphatidylcholine. The specific activities of the enzymes of
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis were assayed under optimal substrate conditions.
      Growth in the presence of sterol-synthesis inhibitors for 24 h has a significant,
      but variable, effect on the activity of microsomal and cytosolic cholinephosphate
      cytidylytransferase. Inhibition is seen in approximately one-half of the
      preparations and ranges up to 60%. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme in
      vitro correlates with an elevation of cytosolic triacylglycerol and phospholipid
      levels, and is not eliminated by the inclusion of excess stimulatory
      phospholipids in the assay. The pool sizes of the substrates, cholinephosphate
      and CTP, are unaffected by cholesterol synthesis inhibition. In contrast to the
      effects on cholinephosphate cytidylytransferase, the microsomal enzymes glycerol
      3-phosphate acyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase are stimulated 2-fold
      or more. Choline kinase specific activity was inhibited 2-fold after 24 h of
      treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol; however, no effect on this step was
      observed in vivo. These results indicate that the coordination of cholesterol and
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis involves regulation at the cytidylytransferase
      catalyzed step.

PMID- 6824728
TI  - Studies on glycoconjugate metabolism in developing skeletal muscle membranes.
AB  - The postnatal development of mammalian skeletal muscle is characterized by
      changes in the properties of several key membrane glycoprotein enzymes and
      receptors. In the present study, CMP-sialic acid: fetuin sialyltransferase and
      CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity was characterized in
      sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from neonatal (0-1 week)
      and adult (8 week) rabbit skeletal muscle. CMP-sialic acid: fetuin
      sialyltransferase decreased by a factor of 10 in sarcolemma and 6 in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum during development, whereas CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide
      sialyltransferase activity decreased by a factor of 6 in sarcolemma and 18 in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Km for CMP-sialic acid using the lipid acceptor
      declined during the development of sarcoplasmic reticulum (neonate vs. adult: 538
      vs. 33 microM), but not in sarcolemma. The carbohydrate composition of sarcolemma
      was changed only with respect to total sialic acid content (neonate vs. adult: 67
      vs. 44 nmol/mg). Similar analysis of sarcoplasmic reticulum carbohydrates showed
      decreases in total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid, hexosamines and hexoses.
      The major ganglioside was GM3 for both types of membrane. No qualitative changes
      were observed in ganglioside composition comparing neonatal and adult membranes.

PMID- 6824724
TI  - Influence of sex and dietary fats on platelet lipid biosynthesis in rat.
AB  - The platelet biosynthesis of total lipids, lipid fractions and fatty acids was
      determined by incorporation of [14C]acetate in normal and castrated rats of both
      sexes. Comparison was made between animals fed laboratory chow alone, and animals
      receiving, in addition, for 4 days by stomach tube a saturated (cream) or
      polyunsaturated (sunflower seed oil) fat. In male rats, the polyunsaturated fat
      increased slightly the total platelet lipid biosynthesis. The saturated fat
      drastically reduced it by 43% in comparison to the polyunsaturated fat-fed
      animals. Normal female rats did not exhibit a similar difference in the platelet
      lipid synthesis. However, the inhibitory effect of saturated fat on lipid
      synthesis could be observed in castrated females, although it was less pronounced
      (27% reduction) than in castrated or normal males (43%). Administration to
      castrated males of estradiol for 1 month almost completely inhibited the
      difference induced by the feeding of the different fats in the lipid platelet
      synthesis of male rats. This difference in the platelet lipid biosynthesis
      between male and female rats, normal and castrated, was observed mostly in the
      phospholipid (especially phosphatidylcholine), monoacylglycerol and
      triacylglycerol fractions and affected primarily the synthesis of the three main
      saturated fatty acids, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0. Thus, it seems that, in rat, the
      short-term administration of a saturated fat induces drastic changes in the
      platelet lipid biosynthesis, but only in males. The protection observed in
      females appears to be essentially dependent upon estrogens.

PMID- 6824729
TI  - Mode of degradation of myofibrillar proteins by rabbit muscle cathepsin D.
AB  - The mode of degradation of myofibrillar proteins by the action of highly purified
      rabbit muscle cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Cathepsin D optimally degraded myosin heavy chain, alpha
      actinin, tropomyosin, troponin T and troponin I at around pH 3. It did not
      degrade actin or troponin C. Degradation of myosin heavy chain produced four
      major fragments of 155000, 130000, 110000 and 90000 daltons. Troponin T was
      hydrolyzed to 33000-, and 20000- and 11000-dalton fragments. Troponin I was
      degraded into fragments of 13000 and 11000 daltons. Degradation of alpha-actinin
      and tropomyosin was not as rapid as that of myosin and troponins T and I.
      Tropomyosin gave a fragment of 30000 daltons, but alpha-actinin showed no
      distinct band of this fragment on gels.

PMID- 6824731
TI  - The structural characterization of proteoglycans of cultured aortic smooth muscle
      cells and arterial wall of the pig.
AB  - Aortic proteoglycans, from the growth medium of cultured smooth muscle cells and
      from sequential associative and dissociative extracts of the tissue of origin,
      the pig aorta, were isolated and purified by precipitation with cetylpiridinium
      chloride. After isopycnic CsCl gradient centrifugation under associative
      conditions 94% of the cell-secreted proteoglycans were recuperated in the bottom
      one fifth (rho av = 1.62 g/ml) fraction. In contrast 80% of the tissue
      proteoglycans of both extracts, fractionated into two fractions: the bottom one
      fifth (rho av = 1.60 g/ml) fraction and three fifths (rho av = 1.42 g/ml)
      fraction. Fractionated tissue proteoglycans were composed predominantly of
      chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate (83-90%) with lower proportions of heparan
      sulfate (5-11%) and hyaluronic acid (3-6%) whilst cell-secreted proteoglycans
      showed a similar glycosaminoglycan composition but with a higher proportion of
      hyaluronic acid (11-13%). Sepharose 2B and C1-2B chromatography of tissue
      proteoglycans of high buoyant density showed the presence of only subunit
      proteoglycans whilst those of intermediate density contained a complex species,
      partially dissociable in 4 M guanidinium chloride, along with Kav 0.50 subunit
      species. The latter was also observed for cell-secreted proteoglycans although
      obtained at high buoyant density. The cell-secreted subunit proteoglycans became
      separated into two distinct populations when chromatographed on Sepharose 4B and
      C1-4B, half of which eluted in the column Vo and the rest at a Kav of 0.34. The
      majority of subunit macromolecules eluted at the Vo fractions of Sepharose 6B and
      C1-6B columns. Unlike the major species of cartilage proteoglycans, only approx.
      20% of purified arterial proteoglycans formed complexes. This proportion could be
      increased by only 4-7% by interaction, of a mixture of subunit cell-secreted and
      tissue-extracted proteoglycans, with hyaluronic acid. These results suggest that
      proteoglycans secreted by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and present in the
      aortic tissue possess certain similar physicochemical properties and are present
      in the form of complex and several subunit species.

PMID- 6824730
TI  - Effect of thyroidectomy on testicular enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle
      involved in lipogenesis.
AB  - The specific activities of testicular enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle
      involved in lipogenesis after thyroidectomy and thyroxine replacement were
      studied in prepubertal, pubertal and adult rats. Thyroidectomy induced testicular
      ATP citrate-lyase, malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities and inhibited
      isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity. Thyroxine treatment on
      thyroidectomized animals reverted all enzyme activities to normal. The result
      suggests that thyroid hormones have a differential effect on testicular enzymes
      of the pyruvate/malate cycle involved in lipogenesis.

PMID- 6824732
TI  - Alcohol-mediated effects on the level of cytochrome P-450 and heme biosynthesis
      in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Interaction of alcohol and drugs in the liver appears to involve common
      microsomal oxidative enzymes which utilize cytochrome P-450. Since alcohol
      augments the toxicity of a variety of drugs, the regulation of the P-450
      hemoprotein, a primary component in hepatic drug metabolizing systems, may play a
      vital role in this phenomenon. We utilize an adult rat liver culture system as a
      model to explore the action of levels of alcohol below that which is necessary to
      produce intoxication in humans. The addition of 16 mM ethanol (70 mg/dl) to these
      hepatocytes results in a 49.5% decrease in cytochrome P-450 activity after 24 h,
      and a 3-fold increase in the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase, the rate
      limiting enzyme in hepatic heme biosynthesis. Furthermore, ethanol treatment also
      causes a transient decrease in the level of intracellular heme. However, the
      diminished level of total heme does not appear to act as a repressor for delta
      aminolevulinate synthase, since it occurs after the initial stimulation of the
      enzyme by ethanol.

PMID- 6824733
TI  - Regulation of polyamine-responsive protein kinase by certain highly specific
      polyamines and charged carbohydrates.
AB  - Polyamine-responsive protein kinase, a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein
      kinase from the cytosol of Morris hepatoma 3924A, was stimulated 8-9 fold by
      several different polymers of polylysine, polyornithine and random copolymers of
      lysine-alanine; spermidine, spermine, and mixtures of spermine and spermidine
      stimulated 2, 3, and 5 fold, respectively. The protein kinase was not stimulated
      by poly-carboxybenzyl-lysine, random copolymer of lysine-tyrosine, polyhistidine,
      polymethionine, polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, dipeptide (Lys-Lys),
      lysine, ornithine, and putresine. The polyamine stimulation of the protein kinase
      was prevented by certain specific charged carbohydrates: heparin, chondroitin
      sulfates A, B, and C, dextran sulfate and hyaluronic acid. It was not prevented
      by noncharged carbohydrates: dextran, glycogen, starch, sucrose, etc; or by
      sulfate salts: ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, etc. The
      inhibition was reversed by increased polylysine. Heparin was non-competitive
      inhibitor of Mg2+-ATP. It would appear that this enzyme is regulated by certain
      highly specific molecules with certain sizes and charges; plus charge is
      stimulatory, negative charge prevents the stimulation.

PMID- 6824734
TI  - Inactivation of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors by heparin.
AB  - Heparin dramatically enhanced the rate of unbound glucocorticoid receptor
      inactivation in vitro in a concentration, time and temperature-dependent manner.
      Control specific binding decreased only about 25% after incubation for 6 h at 4
      degrees C. However in the presence of heparin (40 micrograms per ml cytosol)
      receptor binding decreased about 75%. At 25 degrees C liver receptor specific
      binding was found to have a half-life of about 60 min in control cytosol.
      However, in the presence of heparin (40 micrograms per ml cytosol) the
      glucocorticoid receptor had a half-life of only 15 min at 25 degrees C.
      Interestingly, 10 mM molybdate (with or without 5 mM dithiothreitol) greatly
      inhibited heparin-dependent receptor inactivation at 4 degrees C. Dithiothreitol
      (alone) significantly stabilized receptor binding in control samples at 4 degrees
      C, but provided no protection from heparin-dependent receptor inactivation.
      Heparin had no apparent inactivating effect on prebound glucocorticoid receptor
      complexes at 4 degrees C. Interestingly however, heparin altered the
      sedimentation coefficient of prebound hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes
      in low salt gradients from 7-8 S to about 3-4 S. When molybdate plus
      dithiothreitol were added with heparin, the sedimentation coefficient was found
      to be approx. 6-7 S. These results demonstrate that heparin, which is often used
      pharmacologically and which occurs naturally in animal tissues, has significant
      effects on liver glucocorticoid receptors in vitro.

PMID- 6824738
TI  - Association of an albumin antigen with phosphatidylcholine liposomes alters the
      nature of immunoglobulins produced during the immune response against the
      antigen.
AB  - Human serum albumin has been injected intravenously in rabbits either free in
      solution or associated with liposomes. Blood samples were obtained from the
      rabbits at various time intervals after injection, and two different antibody
      determinations were performed in each sample. Whereas a haemagglutination
      technique was applied for determination of predominantly IgM anti-human serum
      albumin antibodies, a second technique, using antigen-coated Sepharose beads and
      horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, was used to detect the IgG
      anti-human serum albumin antibodies. Liposomes appeared to enhance strongly the
      IgM response against human serum albumin. No such marked differences were found,
      however, between the IgG responses against liposome-associated or free human
      serum albumin. The conclusion is drawn that the immunoadjuvant effect of
      liposomes during the primary immune response against an albumin antigen is mainly
      due to an enhanced IgM antibody production.

PMID- 6824736
TI  - Macromolecular basis of globular protein exclusion and of swelling pressure in
      loose connective tissue (umbilical cord).
AB  - The macromolecular basis of tissue swelling pressure and of the ability of tissue
      to exclude globular proteins, according to size, have been investigated using
      human umbilical cord. Exclusion data of tissue, and tissue from which the
      polysaccharides had been removed by hyaluronidase were compared. Exclusion of
      globular proteins by the polysaccharides, obtained by difference from the two
      sets of data, was similar to that reported for isolated polysaccharides in
      solution. It can be described by a sphere/cylinder geometric exclusion model. The
      exclusion behavior of the polysaccharide-free tissue was accounted for in terms
      of the component collagen fibrils, glycoprotein microfibrils and cells. Average
      pore diameters of 18 and 110 nm, respectively, for the intact tissue and for the
      polysaccharide-free tissue were estimated. Swelling pressure measurements were
      performed on intact, on hyaluronidase-treated and on hyaluronidase and then
      Pronase-treated tissues to obtain the contributions of the polysaccharides, of
      collagen and of microfibrils. Close to the in vivo volume of tissue, the swelling
      pressure is given almost entirely by the polysaccharides and is consistent with
      the osmotic pressure expected from the relative amounts of hyaluronic acid and
      proteoglycan present and their distribution in the extrafibrillar, extracellular
      space. Upon swelling or deswelling a small net contribution of the fibrillar
      system to the swelling pressure is evident.

PMID- 6824735
TI  - Evidence for a mechanical coupling of glycoprotein microfibrils with collagen
      fibrils in Wharton's jelly.
AB  - Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord is known to contain hyaluronic acid and
      sulphated glycosaminoglycans (probably as proteoglycans) immobilized in an
      insoluble collagen fibril network. A secondary, independent, insoluble network
      based on glycoprotein microfibrils of 13 nm diameter and interpenetrated with the
      collagen network has now been found in amounts corresponding to 9% of the weight
      of collagen. Elastin, however, is absent. Tissue slices placed in physiological
      buffer swell to two-fold their in vivo volume. This is due to the influence of
      the polysaccharides since treatment with either testicular hyaluronidase,
      Streptomyces hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC, causes their quantitative
      removal and abolishes the swelling tendency of tissue. Tissue so treated remains
      close to its in vivo volume indicating that for this state the fibrillar network,
      overall, is in its relaxed unstressed configuration. Subsequent treatment with a
      protease causes the degradation of the glycoprotein microfibril network and a two
      fold increase in tissue volume while treatment with bacterial collagenase,
      resulting in the solubilization of 46% of the collagen, causes only a slight
      deswelling. These results suggest that the unstressed configuration of the
      network system at the in vivo volume of tissue is due to the collagen network
      being held in compression by the microfibril network. With intact tissue protease
      digestion with trypsin, in addition, causes a preferential release of sulphated
      glycosaminoglycans. Hyaluronic acid, however, remains largely immobilized.

PMID- 6824737
TI  - Chronic estrogen treatment causes an alteration in uterine estrogen receptor
      dynamics of rats.
AB  - Estrogen receptor content and dynamics in the uteri obtained from chronically
      estrogenized rats were analyzed. 12 day treatment with a subcutaneous
      implantation of a diethylstilbestrol pellet resulted in maximal stimulation of
      uteri with regard to wet tissue weight, DNA content, as well as progesterone
      receptor content without significant alteration of the estrogen receptor level.
      Estrogen receptor dynamics in just ovariectomized or ovariectomized and
      diethylstilbestrol-stimulated rats elicited by a single injection of estradiol
      were next examined using the exchange methods. The cytosol receptor content
      rapidly declined, with a small and temporary accumulation of the nuclear receptor
      in the uterus from rats continuously exposed to diethylstilbestrol during the
      preceding 12 days. A relatively rapid cytosol receptor replenishment was also
      observed in rats pretreated with diethylstilbestrol. This was accompanied by a
      rapid decrease in the nuclear receptor level to 70% of the preinjection value at
      5 h after estradiol administration. These data are in contrast to findings on
      uteri of ovariectomized and nonestrogen-treated rats, in which a single injection
      of estradiol resulted in a prolonged nuclear receptor retention and a delayed
      cytosol receptor replenishment. Adrenalectomy did not result in a significant
      change of receptor dynamic patterns, suggesting that adrenal steroids do not play
      a role in the alteration of receptor dynamics elicited by continuous stimulation
      with diethylstilbestrol. These observations suggest that a continuous exposure of
      rat uteri to the estrogen causes an altered regulation of estrogen receptor
      dynamics by the homologous steroid compared to those in chronically estrogen
      deprived rats.

PMID- 6824739
TI  - De novo synthesis of progesterone receptor in the fetal uterus of guinea pig in
      organ culture and its control by progestins and triphenylethylene antiestrogens.

PMID- 6824740
TI  - Studies on stimulus-response coupling in human neutrophils. I. Role of monovalent
      cations in the respiratory and secretory response to N
      formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine.

PMID- 6824741
TI  - Studies on stimulus-response coupling in human neutrophils. II. Relationships
      between the effects of changes of external ionic composition on the properties of
      N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine receptors and on the respiratory and
      secretory responses.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the
      respiratory and secretory responses to N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMet
      Leu-Phe) exhibited by human neutrophils suspended in Na+-free, high-K+ buffered
      solution. The results demonstrate that: (a) the variation of Na+ concentration in
      the suspending solution induces in human neutrophils a marked modification of the
      recognition apparatus for the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe, the lack of or
      low concentration of this ion increasing the number of the receptors and their
      specific affinity for the ligand; (b) the greater respiratory burst and secretion
      induced by fMet-Leu-Phe in human neutrophils suspended in Na+-free, high-K+
      medium are due to the increased formation of receptor-ligand complexes at the
      cell membrane; (c) the greater respiratory response is partially due also to a
      higher efficiency of these receptor-ligand complexes. The molecular mechanism by
      which Na+ exerts a regulative role on the properties of the recognition apparatus
      for the chemotactic peptide and its possible significance are discussed.

PMID- 6824742
TI  - Evidence for the presence of specific binding sites for transcortin in human
      liver plasma membranes.
AB  - Binding sites which recognize and bind specifically asialotranscortin and the
      native transcortin-cortisol complex have been found in plasma membranes of human
      liver cells. The native conformation of transcortin is an absolute requirement
      for the binding reaction of the transcortin-hormone complex. Sex-hormone-binding
      globulin and thyroxine-binding globulin from human serum do not bind to this
      binding sites.

PMID- 6824743
TI  - Targeting of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers to liver by
      incorporation of galactose residues.
AB  - Soluble synthetic polymers have potential as targetable carriers of
      pharmacological agents. Here we report that incorporation into poly[N-(2
      hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)] of an oligopeptide side-chain terminating in
      galactose enhanced the polymer's pinocytic uptake from the rat bloodstream by the
      liver. Within the liver lysosomes enzymic digestion led to the intracellular
      release of a drug analogue also bound to oligopeptide side-chains of the polymer.

PMID- 6824744
TI  - The enantiomer and the positional isomer of platelet-activating factor.
AB  - We have compared for rabbit platelet aggregating and desensitizing activity two
      different preparations of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) (1-O-alkyl-2-O
      acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and of its enantiomer (3-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl
      sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine). After phospholipase A2 treatment, the unnatural
      enantiomers appeared about 3000-fold less active than PAF-acether, a result which
      definitively establishes the stereospecificity of the mode of action of this
      mediator. A new structural analog of PAF-acether, 1-O-hexadecyl-3-O-acetyl-sn
      glycero-2-phosphocholine, was isolated and characterized. It was a weak platelet
      agonist, stressing further the importance for PAF-acether activity of the acetyl
      group at position 2 of the glycerol.

PMID- 6824747
TI  - Metabolic heterogeneity in rabbit brain glycogen.
AB  - Glycogen has been carefully isolated from rabbit brain tissue and found to be of
      significantly greater molecular size (up to approx. 100 MDa) and heterogeneity
      than previously reported. The incorporation of radioisotope from glucose,
      pyruvate or acetate precursor has been shown to be non-uniform, being similar to
      the metabolic inhomogeneity observed in other tissues. Physicochemical studies
      have shown the gross hydrodynamic structure of the glycogen to be inhomogeneous
      and to differ significantly from that of liver glycogen.

PMID- 6824746
TI  - Changes in ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools within the cell cycle
      of a synchronized mouse fibroblast cell line.
AB  - Intracellular pool levels of ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were
      monitored throughout the cell cycle of C3H10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblast cells
      synchronized by isoleucine deprivation. Absolute pool sizes of ribonucleoside
      triphosphates were approximately 30 fold greater than those of the corresponding
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Of the ribonucleoside triphosphates, pool
      sizes of ATP exhibited the greatest change, increasing from a low of 32.7
      nmol/10(7) cells during G1 to a high of 81.6 nmol/10(7) cells 2 h prior to mid S
      phase. Levels of ATP subsequently declined to 40.2 nmol/10(7) cells during late S
      phase, followed by a second peak of 65.8 nmol/10(7) with the onset of cell
      division. No significant changes in the pool sizes of UTP and GTP were found
      throughout the cell cycle. Of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, pool sizes
      of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were approx. 5-10 fold greater
      than those of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Low levels of
      deoxyribonucldoside triphosphates during G1 (0.3-1.3 pmol/10(7) cells) increased
      coordinately with the initiation of DNA synthesis to an initial peak during mid S
      phase (0.5-6.4 pmol/10(7) cells). Declining levels of deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphates during late S-phase were followed by a subsequent larger second
      peak (1.7-10.7 pmol/10(7) cells) during G2-M.

PMID- 6824745
TI  - The preparation and characterization of liposomes containing X-ray contrast
      agents.
AB  - Unilamellar phospholipid vesicles loaded with the water-soluble, ionic X-ray
      contrast agent diatrizoate (Hypaque, Renografin) were manufactured by reverse
      phase evaporation for use as organ-enhancing agents in X-ray computed tomography.
      Encapsulation efficiency was determined as a function of various diatrizoate
      concentrations in vesicles of varying lipid composition. Loss of encapsulated
      diatrizoate over 24 h was examined in vesicles composed of several egg
      phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol ratios. Size estimates for loaded vesicles were
      obtained by negative-stain electron microscopy, Millipore filtration and light
      microscopy. Intravenous in vivo injection of loaded vesicles in the rat resulted
      in significant enhancement of both spleen and liver on subsequent scans. Vesicles
      were similarly prepared with the water-soluble, nonionic agent metrizamide
      (Amipaque). Encapsulation efficiency was determined, and in vivo behavior was
      observed.

PMID- 6824749
TI  - Twin-beam laser velocimeter for the investigation of spermatozoon motility.
AB  - Previous laser light-scattering studies of spermatozoon motility have been
      hampered by the large, asymmetric shape of spermatozoa, which causes difficulties
      in the interpretation of intensity fluctuations in the light scattered from a
      single laser beam. This paper describes an experimental arrangement for measuring
      the distribution of transit times for swimming spermatozoa using two slightly
      separated, focused laser beams. The theory of operation of the instrument is
      developed to enable the analysis of the experimentally obtained cross-correlation
      functions. The effects of the pronounced spermatozoon asymmetry and associated
      intensity modulation in the scattered light are also investigated and shown to be
      negligible for the twin beam experimental arrangement, provided that the swimming
      speed distribution has a coefficient of variation (sigma/upsilon greater than
      0.1. Results obtained using this apparatus are presented for the velocity
      distribution of spermatozoa from a variety of bulls.

PMID- 6824748
TI  - Depression of the ice-nucleation temperature of rapidly cooled mouse embryos by
      glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - The temperature at which ice formation occurs in supercooled cytoplasm is an
      important element in predicting the likelihood of intracellular freezing of cells
      cooled by various procedures to subzero temperatures. We have confirmed and
      extended prior indications that permeating cryoprotective additives decrease the
      ice nucleation temperature of cells, and have determined some possible mechanisms
      for the decrease. Our experiments were carried out on eight-cell mouse embryos
      equilibrated with various concentrations (0-2.0 M) of dimethyl sulfoxide or
      glycerol and then cooled rapidly. Two methods were used to assess the nucleation
      temperature. The first, indirect, method was to determine the in vitro survival
      of the rapidly cooled embryos as a function of temperature. The temperatures over
      which an abrupt drop in survival occurs are generally diagnostic of the
      temperature range for intracellular freezing. The second, direct, method was to
      observe the microscopic appearance during rapid cooling and note the temperature
      at which nucleation occurred. Both methods showed that the nucleation temperature
      decreased from - 10 to - 15 degrees C in saline alone to between - 38 degrees and
      - 44 degrees C in 1.0-2.0 M glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. The latter two
      temperatures are close to the homogeneous nucleation temperatures of the
      solutions in the embryo cytoplasm, and suggest that embryos equilibrated in these
      solutions do not contain heterogeneous nucleating agents and are not accessible
      to any extracellular nucleating agents, such as extracellular ice. The much
      higher freezing temperatures of cells in saline or in low concentrations of
      additive indicate that they are being nucleated by heterogeneous agents or, more
      likely, by extracellular ice.

PMID- 6824750
TI  - Theoretical analysis of the significance of whether or not enzymes or transport
      systems in structured media follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
AB  - Pure Michaelis-Menten enzymes have been studied (i.e., enzymes with a hyperbolic
      (S, V) behavior in a well-stirred solution). When such enzymes are associated
      with a structure in vitro, even in the simplest conceivable form (immobilization
      in a homogeneous gel), they can produce enzymic or transport reactions with many
      different kinetics (Michaelis-Menten, sigmoidal, dual-phasic, etc.). Therefore,
      when structured enzyme or transport processes in vivo have sigmoidal kinetics, it
      is not proof that the corresponding proteins are allosteric. In same manner, when
      the apparent kinetics are dual-phasic, it is not proof that two enzyme, or
      transport systems, coexist.

PMID- 6824751
TI  - Effect of change in concentration upon lens turbidity as predicted by the random
      fluctuation theory.
AB  - Theoretical calculations were performed to predict how the light scattering
      intensity would change with changes in concentration in the gel state. The theory
      of light scattering was applied to a random distribution of hard spheres. The
      spherical particles with constant diameter were embedded in a medium having a
      different refractive index. The light-scattering intensities obtained as a
      function of concentration showed that in dilute solutions the scattered light
      intensity increases with concentration. However, in concentrated solution greater
      than 0.1 or 0.2 volume fraction, the light-scattering intensity decreases with
      increase in concentration.

PMID- 6824756
TI  - Two stable steady states in the Hodgkin-Huxley axons.
AB  - Two stable steady states were found in the numerical solution of the Hodgkin
      Huxley equations for the intact squid axon bathed in potassium-rich sea water
      with an externally applied inward current. Under the conditions the two stable
      steady-states exist, the Hodgkin-Huxley equations have a complex bifurcation
      structure including, in addition to the two stable steady-states, a stable limit
      cycle, two unstable equilibrium points, and one asymptotically stable equilibrium
      point. It was also concluded that two stable steady states can appear in the
      Hodgkin-Huxley axons when the leak current is comparable to the currents through
      the Na and K channels.

PMID- 6824753
TI  - Unequal diameters and their effects on time-varying voltages in branched neurons.
AB  - A theoretical method, developed in a previous paper, enables one to calculate
      analytical expressions for time-varying voltages at specific locations in
      branching dendritic systems in response to synaptic current inputs at other
      sites. Exact results were obtained for a number of dendritic trees that possessed
      certain symmetries: all branch lengths had to be integral multiples of one
      another, and all branch diameters had to be equal. Because the second of these
      conditions is unrealistic, the method has been generalized to treat dendritic
      trees whose branches differ in diameter. The method entails adding onto the
      symmetric results a sum of correction terms. It is found that the correction
      terms, as well as the symmetric results, can be expressed as combinations of two
      families of functions. These functions, generalizations of those found in our
      earlier paper, provide a precise formalism for analyzing how voltage transients
      depend on the geometrical structure of the dendritic tree. Examples are given
      that show how the correction terms affect the value of the voltage, and how
      variations in branch diameters alter the behavior of the propagated postsynaptic
      potential. The implications of these results for our understanding of neuronal
      functioning are discussed.

PMID- 6824755
TI  - Diffusion-mediated localization on membrane surfaces.
AB  - Using the model of a cell membrane of a spherical surface in which membrane
      components may diffuse, the rate of localization due to trapping under diffusion
      control has been estimated by computing an analytical expression for the mean
      trapping time including the possibilities of a trapping probability less than 1
      and/or the establishment of an equilibrium at the trap boundary.

PMID- 6824754
TI  - Three-dimensional mechanics of eukaryotic flagella.
AB  - Equations are derived that account for the contribution of internal structure of
      cilia and flagella to motion in three dimensions according to a sliding filament
      model of the motile system. It is shown that for reasonable amounts of bending
      and twisting, the bending properties of an axoneme can be described by a linear
      elastic bending resistance, and approximate values for the bending and twisting
      resistances are computed. Expressions for the shear moments contributed by purely
      elastic or pinned links between filaments are also derived. It is shown that
      within the confines of a strict sliding filament model such internal structures
      cannot by themselves produce twist. Thus planar bending will occur if the
      internal shear force lies in a plane. Application of an external force, however,
      will in general produce twisting. Computer simulations of flagellar shape in
      response to a constant external force applied to the distal end of the axoneme
      are presented. It is shown that a small amount of twist may arise because of
      acylindrical bend resistance. Large twists, however, result when the external
      force is applied to an axoneme with internal shear resistant links.

PMID- 6824752
TI  - Synaptic integration mechanisms. Theoretical and experimental investigation of
      temporal postsynaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory inputs.
AB  - The effect of temporal activation of two closely adjacent synaptic inputs upon
      the postsynaptic output (voltage amplitude and time integral) is analyzed
      theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that (a) under certain conditions,
      maximal nonlinearity in the summation of postsynaptic potentials is obtained with
      asynchronous activation of the two synaptic inputs rather than with simultaneous
      activation; (b) the time integral of the voltage is more sensitive to the timing
      of the synaptic inputs than is the voltage amplitude; (c) an input, which by the
      classical definition is inhibitory, under defined conditions can and does
      increase the amplitude (and area) of an excitatory synaptic potential, and thus
      acts as an excitatory input.

PMID- 6824757
TI  - Dehydration of cytosine monohydrate at physiological temperatures.
AB  - Neutron diffraction, thermogravimetric, and mass spectrographic measurements have
      been used to show that cytosine monohydrate loses its water of hydration at
      physiological temperatures (approximately equal to 37 degrees C) and converts to
      cytosine. The "activation energy" for the dehydration process has been determined
      from isothermal weight curves and is 27.1 +/- 0.6 kcal . mol-1. It is suggested
      that pyrimidine dehydration may be involved in structural changes in DNA.

PMID- 6824758
TI  - Theoretical analysis of fluorescence photobleaching recovery experiments.
AB  - We derive an exact closed formula for the fluorescence recovery curve measured in
      fluorescence photobleaching recovery experiments employing uniform circular laser
      beams. In contrast to the expression used currently, this result is very simple
      and free of mathematical drawbacks, thus facilitating the quantitative analysis
      of experimental data.

PMID- 6824762
TI  - Electric dichroism of DNA. Influence of the ionic environment on the electric
      polarizability.
AB  - In order to test the diffuse ion atmosphere polarization model recently developed
      by us, the effects of ionic strength, titrating with Mg2+ and Co(NH3)3+6, and
      coion charge on the electric polarizability of short fragments of DNA are
      investigated. The results are consistent with the predictions of the theory and
      show that the diffuse ion atmosphere polarization contributes significantly to
      the overall orientation of DNA. At low ionic strengths, we attempt to separate
      the total dipole moment into two components: one that agrees well with the Debye
      Huckel ion atmosphere calculations, while the other, presumably due to condensed
      counterion polarization, appears to be substantially independent of the ionic
      strength. At higher salt concentrations, however, a simple separation into dipole
      components is not possible, perhaps due to a significant coupling of ion flows
      between the diffuse atmosphere and the condensed counterion layer.

PMID- 6824760
TI  - Microscopic diffusion-reaction coupling in steady-state enzyme kinetics.
AB  - The theory of diffusion-controlled processes is applied to describe the steady
      state of a reversible enzymatic reaction with special emphasis on the effects of
      enzyme saturation. A standard macroscopic steady-state treatment requires only
      that the average diffusional influx of substrate equals the net reaction flux as
      well as the average diffusional efflux of product. In contrast, the microscopic
      diffusion-reaction coupling used here takes properly into account the conditional
      concentration distributions of substrate and product: Only when the enzyme is
      unoccupied will there be a diffusional association flux; when the enzyme is
      occupied, the concentration distributions will relax towards their homogeneous
      bulk values. In this way the relaxation effects of the non-steady state will be
      constantly reoccurring as the enzyme shifts between unoccupied and occupied
      states. Thus, one is forced to describe the steady state as the weighted sum of
      properly time-averaged non-stationary conditional distributions. The consequences
      of the theory for an appropriate assessment of the parameters obtained in
      Lineweaver-Burk plots are discussed. In general, our results serve to justify the
      simpler macroscopic coupling scheme. However, considerable deviations between the
      standard treatment and our analysis can occur for fast enzymes with an
      essentially irreversible product release.

PMID- 6824761
TI  - Effect of microheterogeneity on the sedimentation behavior of self-associating
      proteins.

PMID- 6824759
TI  - Technique for stabilizing the striation pattern in maximally calcium-activated
      skinned rabbit psoas fibers.
AB  - A procedure was developed for stabilizing the striation pattern of fully
      activated skinned rabbit psoas fibers. Inhomogeneities of the striation pattern
      that develop during the rise in tension and also during isometric steady state
      are completely reversible by this procedure. The striation pattern can be
      stabilized for approximately 2 h. During this period isometric tension and speed
      of isotonic shortening decrease less than 10-20% of their initial values.

PMID- 6824763
TI  - Advances in graphic methods of enzyme kinetics.

PMID- 6824764
TI  - The electrostatic field of the component units of DNA and its relationship to
      hydration.
AB  - The electrostatic fields of the subunits of DNA are presented and compared with
      the corresponding electrostatic potentials. Differences are observed between
      these two properties, due to their different dependence on distance, which are of
      considerable interest since, whereas the potential may be used in studying the
      reactivity of molecules towards charged species, the field can be a similar guide
      to attack by neutral, dipolar molecules such as water. It is demonstrated, for
      the example of the purine and pyrimidine bases, that the field may indeed be used
      to detect preferential hydration sites.

PMID- 6824765
TI  - [Combined use of hyperbaric oxygenation and antioxidants in the therapy of
      experimental myocardial infarct].
AB  - In rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction, the combined use of
      hyperbaric oxygenation and ionol greatly potentiated the effect of the
      antioxidant on contractile function of the left ventricle, the time course of
      antioxidant lipid activity and superoxide dismutase activity of the myocardium.

PMID- 6824766
TI  - [Disorder of electromechanical coupling in the cells of the myocardium in
      protracted crush syndrome].
AB  - Experiments on papillary muscles of normal (control) rabbits and of those with
      the compression syndrome (CS) were made to explore the action of the control and
      "syndromic" blood plasma on electric and contractile activity of the myocardium.
      Isometric contractions of myocardial preparations were recorded at varying
      stimulation frequencies (0.1-2 Hz). Intracellular rest potentials (RP) and action
      potentials (AP) were led away with the aid of glass microelectrodes filled with
      2.5 M KCl. The replacement of Tyrode solution by the control plasma raised the
      amplitude of papillary muscle contractions, that being greater as regards the
      muscles from rabbits with the CS. The "syndromic" plasma (diluted by Tyrode
      solution in a 1:1 ratio) markedly inhibited the amplitude of contractions of
      papillary muscles from both the control rabbits and animals with the CS.
      Reduction of the contractions induced by the "syndromic" plasma seen in all the
      preparations was followed by two patterns of changes in electrical activity of
      myocardial fibers. In one pattern, the RP, the amplitude and duration of the AP
      declined. In the other, on the contrary, the changes were reduced to a greater AP
      duration. The conclusion is made about the absence of a direct relationship
      between the decrease in myocardial contractility and changes in intracellular
      potentials induced by the "syndromic" plasma. It is suggested that the
      "syndromic" plasma deranges the process of stimulation and contraction coupling
      in heart papillary muscles.

PMID- 6824769
TI  - [Participation of histamine and cyclic nucleotides in the regulation of gastric
      secretion in experimental thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Experiments on 48 Wistar rats evidence that in early times of hyperthyroidism,
      the action of thyroxine on parietal cells is mediated by histamine and cAMP,
      while in prolonged hyperthyroidism, its action on parietal cells refractory to
      endogenous histamine and cAMP is found to be unmediated and direct.

PMID- 6824767
TI  - [Microcirculation of the lungs in histamine administration after vagotomy].
AB  - Intravital microscopy was used to study the microcirculatory bed of the lungs
      during application of histamine after righthand vagotomy. It was discovered that
      responses occurring at that level during histamine application after intersection
      of the right vagus were not equivalent to those when the biologically active
      substance was used in intact animals. Application of histamine without
      intersection of the nerve was characterized by aggravation of microcirculatory
      disorders in the lungs as the drug concentration was raised. The reverse was
      observed in cases where histamine was applied after righthand vagotomy. In this
      case the most significant alterations in the microcirculatory bed were recorded
      after local use of low doses of histamine. Besides, the duration of their
      occurrence was more prolonged as compared to that seen during histamine
      application in intact animals.

PMID- 6824768
TI  - [Suppression of thrombocyte aggregation by immune complexes. II. The effect of
      preformed immune complexes on thrombocyte aggregation].
AB  - The authors studied the pattern of changes in human platelet aggregation (PA)
      during platelet interaction with soluble immune complexes. Addition of antisera
      to human IgG and IgM to platelet plasma led to ADP-induced PA suppression.
      Analogous suppression of human PA was detected upon exposure to xenogenous immune
      complexes formed during incubation of guinea-pig blood serum with rabbit serum
      against guinea-pig gamma-globulin. PA was suppressed to a lesser degree upon
      antigen excess and was suppressed negligibly upon antibody excess. Activation and
      inactivation of complement did not affect the degree of PA suppression with
      immune complexes. Suppression of human PA with immune complexes attests to the
      existence of a previously unknown phenomenon apparently caused by platelet
      blockade by soluble immune complexes.

PMID- 6824771
TI  - [Effect of lysyl vasopressin and vasotocin on a disorder of the conditioned
      avoidance reaction by a serotonin receptor blockader].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of systemic injection of lys8-vasopressin (LVP)
      and Arg8-vasotocin (AVT) on avoidance reaction in male rats. Both the compounds
      had no appreciable effect on the rate of the formation. However, in the presence
      of learning disorders induced by cyproheptadine. LVP completely and AVT partially
      recovered the normal time course of learning.

PMID- 6824772
TI  - [Delayed effect of the tetrapeptide tyr-D-ala-gly-phe-NH2 on the serotonin
      content of the synaptosomes of the rabbit brain].
AB  - The content of serotonin in synaptosomes of the motor cortex and caudate nucleus
      of the rabbit brain was studied 5 days after a single injection of the opiate
      tetrapeptide--Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 amide (TPA). TPA was injected subcutaneously
      in a dose of 500 micrograms/kg bw rabbit. The content of serotonin in
      synaptosomes of the motor cortex of control rabbits was significantly less than
      in synaptosomes of the caudate nucleus, being equal to 5.82 and 45.79
      micrograms/mg protein, respectively. Five days following TPA single injection the
      content of serotonin in synaptosomes of the caudate nucleus decreased by 51.7%.
      The changes in the serotonin content in motor cortex synaptosomes were
      insignificant. Thus, the postponed effect of opiate TPA on the serotoninergic
      brain system was discovered, which became manifest on day 5 after a single
      injection. A possible mechanism of the TPA action on the serotoninergic system is
      discussed. A possible role of the postponed effects of neuropeptides in short
      term memory is suggested.

PMID- 6824770
TI  - [Functional interactions between the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and the
      caudate nuclei in the formation of motor programs].
AB  - It has been shown that at the beginning of motor program forming, homogeneous and
      cyclic excitations take place between the nonspecific thalamic structures and
      caudate nuclei. Later on reciprocity of the afferent inflows to the nuclei under
      consideration occurs, that indicates a different pattern of the involvement of
      these structures into intercentral integration controlling avoidance behavior.

PMID- 6824773
TI  - [Phospholipid level and activity of lipid peroxidation in the myocardium of
      rabbits with a chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary process].
AB  - The changes were examined in the content and spectrum of phospholipids and lipid
      peroxidation in right heart tissue during chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary
      process. The content of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylserines,
      diphosphatidylglycerins in the myocardium decreased and lysophosphatidylcholines
      appeared in the spectrum of total phospholipids, which was accompanied by
      dramatic activation of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6824774
TI  - [Effect of antitubercular preparations on the isoform composition of cytochrome P
      450 of rat liver microsomes].
AB  - The effects of the antituberculous drugs, isoniazide, phthivazide, streptomycin
      and PAS, on the isoform content of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was
      studied by electrophoresis in acrylamide concentration gradient (5-15%) in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. It was discovered that administration of the
      antituberculous drugs did not increase the specific content of cytochrome P-450
      in rat liver microsomes. At the same time isoniazide had an inducing effect on
      isoforms of cytochrome P-450, with molecular weights of subunits varying within
      the range of 49000 to 50000 dalton. Phthivazide induced subfractions with
      molecular weights of subunits being equal to 50000, 49000 and 47500 dalton. PAS
      induced subfractions with molecular weights of subunits being equal to 54000,
      50000, 49000, and 47500 dalton. Administration of streptomycin did not affect the
      isoform content of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. For comparison
      purposes, a study was made of the generally recognized cytochrome P-450
      inductors, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. It is suggested that the
      changes in the isoform content of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 might be
      of importance for understanding the mechanism of drug tolerance induction in the
      treatment of tuberculosis, since the changes discovered are likely to lead to the
      increased metabolic rate of the antituberculous drugs at the cytochrome P-450
      level and to the accelerated excretion from the body.

PMID- 6824775
TI  - [Effect of a combined radiation lesion on the enzyme activity of the glutathione
      redox system of the rat liver].
AB  - A study was made of activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and
      glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase in the rat liver under x-ray
      treatment in doses of 206 or 155 mC/kg coupled with mechanical injury (closed
      fracture of the leg bones). Radiation in a dose of 206 mC/kg gave rise to the
      following changes in activity of glutathione redox-system enzymes: reduced
      activity of glutathione peroxidase on the 3d day, and increased activity of
      glutathione reductase, and glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase on the 7th
      day after combined radiation injury. Radiation in a dose of 155 mC/kg was
      accompanied by increased activity of glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
      on the 7th day and reduced glutathione reductase activity on the 30th day after
      the injury infliction.

PMID- 6824776
TI  - [Oxygen-dissociation properties and the regulation of the oxygen affinity of a
      hemoglobin polymer in the bull].
AB  - Oxygen-dissociation properties and some aspects of allosteric regulation of
      bovine hemoglobin (Hb) and its polymerized form (HbP) have been examined. It has
      been shown that bovine HbP as well as bovine Hb does not require the presence of
      organic phosphates for normal functioning and has gas transport characteristics
      which are similar to those of the whole human blood. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PP)
      works as an allosteric regulator of bovine HbP only in the absence of Cl- ions
      and vice versa. However, in covalent binding of PP to HbP both the effectors (PP
      and Cl- ions) can work simultaneously and independently. Thus, by varying the
      Hb/PP ratio it is possible to prepare HbP solutions with preset P50 values within
      the range 30-55 mm Hg. The results can be used in simulation of gas transport
      characteristics of artificial oxygen carriers.

PMID- 6824777
TI  - [Activity of microsomal enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the liver in
      galactosamine injury].
AB  - Galactosamine injury of rat liver brings about induction of microsomal oxidation
      enzymes after 24 hours. Such a conclusion may be arrived at on the basis of an
      analysis of variation in the activity of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and
      NADH ferricyanide reductase while comparing normal and galactosamine-treated
      rats. In vitro galactosamine leads to activation of enzymatic lipid peroxidation.
      This circumstance may underlie hepatotoxicity of the compound in question. The
      monitoring coagulation method has revealed a marked hemorrhagic syndrome after
      galactosamine administration. Upset synthesis of export liver protein is assumed.

PMID- 6824779
TI  - [Interaction of synthetic peptides with the individual components of the blood
      coagulation system].
AB  - Spectrophotometry and viscosimetry were used to examine the interaction of
      taftcin and its decomposition products with individual components of the blood
      coagulation system. Peptides with free amino groups at the N-end were found to
      form complexes with heparin. The presence of free carboxylic groups at the C-end
      provided for their interaction with fibrinogen. In both the cases, the leading
      roles are played by electrostatic forces that determine the weakness of the
      effects seen. Taftcin has a negligible antipolymerization activity at the expense
      of the Pro-Arg sequence presence at the C-end.

PMID- 6824778
TI  - [Level of DNA synthesis in the lymphocytes in healthy adults and neonates].
AB  - Normal parameters and individual fluctuations in DNA synthesis by peripheral
      blood lymphocytes were defined in normal adults by means of 3H-thymidine
      incorporation. The rate of spontaneous DNA synthesis by lymphocytes was
      determined in cord blood of the newborn. There is a significant difference (P
      less than 0.001) between the parameters in adults and newborns.

PMID- 6824780
TI  - [Recording of the chemiluminescence of the component parts of the blood serum in
      the presence of divalent iron].
AB  - Measurements of chemiluminescence of apo-B-containing lipoproteins of blood serum
      enables one to evaluate their capability of peroxidation in the presence of
      ferrous ions. The recording of chemiluminescence changes in the standard
      chemiluminescent system in the presence of ferrous ions after adding the
      supernatant remained after the precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins may
      serve a simple test for the assessment of blood serum antioxidant activity.

PMID- 6824782
TI  - [Biochemical differences in the tumor cells of 5-fluorouracil-sensitive and 
      resistant strains of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma].
AB  - Essential differences have been disclosed as regards 5-FU-6-3H incorporation into
      RNA of tumor cells of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma strains susceptible and
      resistant to 5-FU in vitro. In vivo the rate of drug incorporation into RNA of
      tumor cells was fairly high and noticeably varied depending on tumor cell
      susceptibility to 5-FU. At the same time the rate of drug incorporation into RNA
      of liver, spleen, kidney, and intestinal mucosa cells was negligible, thus
      attesting to a selective action of 5-FU on tumor cells. In tumor cells of
      Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma strain susceptible to 5-FU, adenylate cyclase
      activity was lower, whereas the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase was higher
      than that in tumor cells of the carcinoma strain resistant to 5-FU. The content
      of cAMP in tumor cells of the 5-FU susceptible strain amounted to 2.54, that in
      tumor cells of the 5-FU resistant strain 7.63 pmol/mg protein.

PMID- 6824781
TI  - [Disorder of the contractile function of the nonischemic portion of the heart in
      experimental infarct and its prevention by the phospholipase inhibitor
      chloroquine].
AB  - Contractility of an isolated rat right auricle was studied one day after
      producing one day after producing experimental infarction in the left cardiac
      region, there was a pronounced decrease in elasticity, and contractility was
      depressed, which manifested in an approximately two-fold decline in the
      developing tension. These originally stress-induced disturbances were prevented
      by administering the phospholipase inhibitor chloroquine to the animals prior to
      infarction. The data obtained indicate that activation of phospholipases might
      play a role in contractility disturbances of cardiac nonischemized regions under
      infarction.

PMID- 6824783
TI  - Dose-dependent antithrombotic effect of warfarin in rabbits.
AB  - One-hundred and fifty-one rabbits, divided into controls and animals treated with
      varying daily doses of warfarin, were subjected to the stasis assay, and the
      amount of thrombosis quantitated after intravascular coagulation was initiated
      either by activated factor X or tissue thromboplastin. Following 8-10 days of
      warfarin administration, there was a significant dose-dependent decrease in the
      vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors paralleled by an increase in the
      prothrombin time ratio. Whether thrombosis was initiated by activated factor X or
      tissue thromboplastin, there was, with increasing drug dose, a progressive
      increase in the inhibition of stasis thrombosis. This significant antithrombotic
      effect occurred even when the vitamin-K-dependent coagulation activities were at
      a mean value of 50%.

PMID- 6824784
TI  - Monoclonal antibody studies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - The cell lineage of suspensions prepared from 85 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was
      investigated with a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies and conventional surface
      marker techniques. Surface immunoglobulin, assessed with specific heteroantisera,
      proved to be the most useful characteristic and defined the clonal character and
      B-cell lineage of 63 specimens: almost all nodular lymphocytic (21 of 22) and
      diffuse lymphocytic (11 of 13) lymphomas, most diffuse histiocytic (29 of 33) and
      diffuse mixed (2 of 2) lymphomas, and a few nodular mixed (2 of 12) and nodular
      histiocytic (0 of 3) lymphomas. Monoclonal antibodies provided useful ancillary
      surface marker criteria. Thus, positivity with OKT1 (which detects both thymic
      and peripheral T cells) in the absence of reactivity with monoclonal antisera,
      which detect only peripheral T cells (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKT11), was seen only
      in diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma of B lineage. Ia-like antigen could be
      demonstrated in all B-cell lymphocytic lymphomas and most B-cell diffuse
      histiocytic lymphomas. Approximately one-half of diffuse histiocytic lymphomas
      also reacted with OKT9, which detects the transferrin receptor, while few lymph
      nodes involved by other conditions displayed this reactivity. Most diffuse
      histiocytic lymphomas and many non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of other subtypes reacted
      with OKT10, an antiserum that detects an antigen on replicating lymphoid cells.
      The lineage of approximately one-fourth of the lymphoma suspensions was not
      resolved conclusively: In most of these, T lymphocytes predominated with a normal
      proportion of inducer-helper (OKT4) and cytotoxic-suppressor (OKT8) cells. The
      inability to establish the clonal character of T-cell proliferation in cell
      suspensions remains an obstacle to completely defining the lineage of non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 6824785
TI  - Species-dependent variations in erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins.
AB  - Two mammalian species (porcine and murine) have erythrocytes that are being
      widely used to study membrane protein synthesis and red cell aging. Erythrocytes
      of these species however, are significantly smaller than those of the human.
      Before results obtained from study of these red cells can be applied to human
      cells, the membrane skeleton of these species must be investigated to determine
      if the skeletal elements are equivalent. Both pig and mouse bands 4.1b were of
      lower molecular weight than human 4.1b, and the a/b ratio was lower. In each
      species, 4.1a and b were sequence-related phosphoproteins, and yielded
      substantially different one-dimensional peptide maps. Band 3 of pig and mouse
      erythrocytes had a higher molecular weight than human band 3 and also had
      differing one-dimensional peptide maps after limited proteolytic cleavage with
      three different enzymes. In each species, free band 3 and band 3 bound to the
      membrane skeleton had identical peptide maps. Other major membrane skeletal
      components (spectrin, actin, and bands 2.1 and 4.2) seem to be very similar in
      molecular weight in various species. These results demonstrate that the molecular
      weights and relative proportions of the membrane skeletal elements are species
      dependent.

PMID- 6824788
TI  - The treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 6824786
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for globin chains.
AB  - Six monoclonal antibodies specific for human globin chains are described. They
      are produced by stable clones obtained by raising hybridomas using cells of mice
      immunized with either adult or fetal hemoglobin. Characterization of the
      antibodies included testing against tetrameric human and other animal
      hemoglobins, isolated hemoglobin chains, and when indicated, cyanogen bromide
      fragments. Monoclonals 16-2 and 37-8 are beta-chain specific. Antibody 31-2
      recognizes an antigenic determinant common to the alpha and beta subunits.
      Monoclonal 30-3 recognizes determinants best expressed in the alpha 2 beta 2
      tetramer. Antibody 45-1 recognizes a determinant common to beta and gamma
      subunits, while antibody 51-7 is gamma-chain specific. None of the monoclonal
      antibodies recognizes mouse hemoglobin, and they display significant differences
      in binding to hemoglobins of various species. The species-specific reactions and
      the knowledge of the primary structures of globins allowed deductions about the
      antigenic sites recognized by two of the monoclonals (16-2 and 45-1). These
      antihemoglobin monoclonal antibodies will provide useful probes for studying
      hemoglobin expression in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6824789
TI  - Inhibiting effect of diltiazem on intracellular Ca2+ release in vascular smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 6824787
TI  - Characterization of normal peripheral blood lymphocyte colony-forming cells: cell
      cycle status, surface markers, and cellular growth requirements.
AB  - We performed a series of studies to further clarify the nature of lymphocyte
      colony-forming cells (CFC) from normal peripheral blood. Mononuclear cells were
      separated into E-rosette-enriched (E+) and E-rosette-depleted (E-) populations
      and cultured in methylcellulose with conditioned media and irradiated mononuclear
      cells. Linear plating relationships were obtained with plating efficiencies of
      0.26% +/- .02% (mean +/- SE) for E+ CFC and 0.18% +/- .02% for E- CFC. Cells in
      E+ colonies were T lymphocytes and in E- colonies were B lymphocytes as
      determined by cell surface marker analysis. Using the thymidine suicide
      technique, approximately one-half of CFC were found to be in cycle at any moment,
      and plating efficiencies and cell cycle status of E+ CFC were not changed by
      preincubation with PHA in liquid culture for 48 hr. Using antibody complement
      mediated cytotoxicity, E+ CFC were found to be T101+, OKT3+, and Ia-, while E-
      CFC were OKT3- and Ia+. Using monocyte-depleted populations obtained by
      sedimentation at unit gravity, lymphocyte colony growth was absent in monocyte
      depleted fractions, and optimal growth occurred with 40% monocytes in culture. In
      contrast to some previous studies, we find that lymphocyte CFC originate from a
      small, cycling population of cells bearing mature T or B lymphocyte markers.
      Entry into cell division, however, does not confer colony-forming capacity on
      lymphocytes. Monocytes are critical to growth of E+ CFC, and cultures severely
      depleted of monocytes would not be expected to form colonies.

PMID- 6824790
TI  - Morphometric study of structural changes in the mesenteric blood vessels of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Structural changes of three categories of mesenteric arteries (representing
      elastic, muscular and arteriolar vessels) from 10- to 12-week-old and 28-week-old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied morphometrically at the light
      microscope level, and the results compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto
      normotensive rats. In 10- to 12-week-old SHR, hypertrophy of the vessel wall
      occurred only in the muscular and arteriolar vessels. At 28 weeks, further
      thickening of the vessel wall occurred in the muscular and arteriolar vessels,
      and the superior mesenteric artery (elastic vessel) was also thickened in the
      SHR. There was no evidence that the wall of the relaxed hypertrophied vessels
      encroached upon the lumen of the vessel. The structural basis for the increase in
      the vessel wall thickness varied with vessel type. In the superior mesenteric
      artery, increase in the media at 28 weeks of age would be consistent with
      hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells. In the large muscular arteries, at 10-12
      weeks of age, increase in medial mass occurred with increase in the number of the
      smooth muscle cell layers whereas at 28 weeks further increase in media could be
      due to hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells. In the small arteriolar vessels,
      medial enlargement was due at all ages to an increase in the number of smooth
      muscle layers. Our results show that in the SHR hypertrophy of the media occurs
      not only in the small arteriolar vessels, but also in large elastic and muscular
      arteries.

PMID- 6824791
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive
      rats. A morphometric study.
AB  - Morphometric measurements at the electron microscope level were carried out on
      three categories of mesenteric arteries representing elastic (superior
      mesenteric), muscular and arteriolar vessels, from 10- to 12-week-old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive
      rats (WKY). Changes were observed only in muscular and arteriolar vessels of SHR,
      mainly as thickening of the vessel wall due to hypertrophy of the media. In
      muscular arteries, hypertrophy of the endothelial cells, widening of the
      subendothelial space, increased volume of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), and
      both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media
      contributed to the wall thickening. In arteriolar vessels, increase in the
      subendothelial space and IEL, and hyperplasia of the SMC in the media were
      involved in the increased thickness of the vessel wall. There was no difference
      in the collagen content in all vessels, but elastin was increased in the muscular
      and arteriolar vessels of SHR. Nerve density was also increased in arteriolar
      vessels of SHR. These changes, especially the increase of SMC in muscular and
      arteriolar vessels, may be related to the elevated blood pressure in SHR.

PMID- 6824793
TI  - Primary varicose veins and HLA.
AB  - 138 patients with primary varices of the lower extremities were typed in two
      independent studies for 41 HLA antigens A, B, C, and their frequencies were
      compared to those in controls. In both studies, the patients showed higher
      frequency of HLA-B7 (36.2 vs. 23.4%, relative risk 1.86, p = 0.0013) and lower
      frequencies of HLA-Aw19 (9.4 vs. 25.0%, relative risk 0.312, p = 0.00006), Cw5
      (0.7 vs. 9.8%, relative risk 0.067, p = 0.0001) and Cw6 (7.3 vs. 27.0%, relative
      risk 0.212, p = 0.00003). These differences were most pronounced in patients
      whose fathers also suffered from primary varices. No relationship was found
      between HLA antigens and the sex of the patients or the age at the onset of
      varices.

PMID- 6824792
TI  - Generation of a vasoactive substance in human plasma during coagulation. Evidence
      of thrombin-induced contraction of rabbit aorta and dog coronary artery.
AB  - A stimulant of vascular smooth muscle contraction was generated in fresh,
      citrated human plasma during activation of the clotting system. Plasma, exposed
      briefly to thromboplastin and Ca++, induced a contraction of isolated rabbit
      aorta and dog coronary arteries that was slow in development and persisted after
      washout. The contractile activity was not blocked by phenoxybenzamine, atropine,
      or angiotensin inhibitor, but was blocked when heparin or hirudin was incubated
      with the plasma. The contractile stimulant produced in the plasma was short-lived
      (less than 3 min) and paralleled the appearance of thrombin in plasma. Purified
      human alpha-thrombin also induced a sustained contraction in these blood vessels
      that was not inhibited by phenoxybenzamine, atropine, or angiotensin inhibitor,
      but was blocked by hirudin. Partial relaxation of the thrombin-treated blood
      vessel was achieved by the addition of heparin. These results suggest that this
      vasoactive component of thromboplastin-activated human plasma is alpha-thrombin.
      Because of its potent and persistent effects, thrombin-induced vasospasm may be
      an important mechanism in the etiology of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 6824796
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation III. by lymphokines.
AB  - The influence of a guinea pig lymphokine preparation on the oxidative metabolism
      of human and guinea pig granulocytes of various sources was investigated. A dose
      dependent increase of the oxidative burst following lymphokine challenge was
      observed. It occurred in unstimulated guinea pig peripheral polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN) and in prestimulated PMN obtained from the peritoneal cavity
      after glycogen injection as well. The lymphokine effect on the oxidative
      metabolism is not species-restricted because the guinea pig lymphokine
      preparation elicits an oxidative burst in human PMN, too. The increase caused by
      lymphokines is nearly of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with
      zymosan.

PMID- 6824795
TI  - A family with heterozygous factor X Friuli defect outside Friuli.
AB  - Three members of the same family were found to have a clotting defect consistent
      with the diagnosis of heterozygous factor X Friuli disorder. The main features of
      the defect were a mild prolongation of prothrombin time and partial
      thromboplastin time, but a normal Stypven-Cephalin clotting time. Factor X
      activity was 40-50% of normal using tissue thromboplastin, but was perfectly
      normal using Russell's viper venom and cephalin. Using chromogenic substrate S
      2222 the level was 30% of normal. Immunologically, factor X was normal. Bleeding
      manifestations were mild if any. The hereditary pattern was autosomal. The family
      comes from an area far away from Friuli and represents the first example of
      factor X Friuli discovered outside the Friuli.

PMID- 6824794
TI  - Cultures of mast cell-like (MCL) cells from human pleural exudate cells.
AB  - Under special culture conditions, rat peritoneal macrophages have previously been
      shown to transform into mast cells. This method has been adapted here to the
      human species. Adherent large mononuclear cells from human pleural exudates were
      cultured in a medium supplemented with horse serum (30%) and fibroblast
      supernatants (30%). Metachromatic staining (toluidine blue, pH 3.6) of
      cytoplasmic granules appeared first in a small percentage of cells by days 5-6 of
      culture and reached a high intensity in 50% of the cells between days 12-22.
      Histamine levels within the cells increased by a factor of 7 during this same
      time period and the cell size by a factor of 3. Cultures could be maintained for
      about three weeks, since viability and total cell number decreased on extended
      culture. The data suggest that mononuclear cells in inflammatory exudates can
      transform into mast cell-like cells under the influence of high levels of
      specific conditioning factors in their microenvironment.

PMID- 6824798
TI  - Countertransference hate.

PMID- 6824799
TI  - Teaching and learning short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Techniques and
      resistances.

PMID- 6824803
TI  - Your accounts. The preceding year basis.

PMID- 6824797
TI  - An ABO-blood group abnormality leading to the detection of a colon-carcinoma.
AB  - A patient who had been admitted to hospital for surgical treatment of inguinal
      hernias was found to have group phenotype of A1B in the presence of a non-auto
      anti-B. No previous records of the patient's blood group were available. The
      serological workup including absorption and saliva inhibition studies yielded a
      high probability for an acquired B-antigen which is known to be often associated
      with carcinoma of the colon. Subsequent coloscopy revealed the presence of a
      carcinoma of the sigmoid, unaccessable to palpation. To our knowledge this is the
      first report in the literature that the serological diagnosis of an acquired B
      antigen led to the detection of a hitherto undetected carcinoma.

PMID- 6824801
TI  - Postgraduate diplomas. MRCPath Part I.

PMID- 6824802
TI  - Fractures. The axial skeleton.

PMID- 6824805
TI  - Equipment involved in ECG monitoring.

PMID- 6824800
TI  - Management of breech presentation.

PMID- 6824804
TI  - Chlamydial genital infection and its complications.

PMID- 6824806
TI  - Solvent sniffing in perspective.

PMID- 6824808
TI  - The toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 6824807
TI  - The solitary pulmonary nodule.

PMID- 6824811
TI  - An analysis of the effects of systemically administered clonidine on the food and
      water intake of rats.
AB  - 1 It is known that intracerebral injections of clonidine can induce eating in
      rats but it has not been clear whether systemic administration can produce
      similar effects. 2 Subcutaneous injections of clonidine (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mg/kg)
      increased food and water intake during the 6 h period following injection in non
      deprived male rats. 3 Pretreatment with a dose of yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg) shifted
      the clonidine dose-response curves to the right, suggesting competitive
      antagonism. 4 A dose of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) produced a lowering of the clonidine
      dose-response curve but statistical analysis suggested that the opiate antagonist
      did not produce a competitive antagonism of the effect of clonidine. 5 The
      results are consistent with a role for alpha 2-adrenoceptors in appetite
      regulation.

PMID- 6824810
TI  - The inhibitory effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on gastric acid secretion by the
      rat isolated stomach.
AB  - 1 The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on acid secretion by a rat isolated
      stomach preparation has been studied. 2 5-HT at 10(-5)M in the serosal bathing
      fluid produced significant inhibition of the acid secretory responses to
      histamine, pentagastrin and isoprenaline but was without effect on basal
      secretion or that due to bethanechol, dibutryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) or phosphodiesterase inhibition with ICI63197.
      Increasing the concentration of 5-HT to 5 x 10(-5) M did not change this pattern
      of response whilst 5-HT at 10(-6) M did not cause consistent inhibition. 3 The
      inhibitory action of 5-HT could be prevented by the antagonist methysergide (2.5
      x 10(-5) M). This concentration of methysergide alone did not affect responses to
      secretagogues or basal acid output. 4 Neither propranolol (2.5 x 10(-5) M) nor
      tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) antagonized the inhibitory action of 5-HT. 5 Both
      indomethacin (2.8 x 10(-5) M) and ibuprofen (2.4 x 10(-4) M) antagonized the
      action of 5-HT. Indomethacin alone had no effect upon secretagogue responses. 6 5
      HT at 10(-5) M had no inhibitory action when applied to the mucosal side of the
      preparation. 7 The results indicate that 5-HT can act directly on the stomach of
      the rat to produce inhibition of acid output. This inhibition is selective and
      may involve the products of cyclo-oxygenase activity.

PMID- 6824809
TI  - Indirect action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the isolated muscularis mucosae of the
      guinea-pig oesophagus.
AB  - 1 The site of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was examined on the isolated
      muscularis mucosae attached to the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig oesophagus.
      Isotonic responses of the longitudinal muscularis mucosae were recorded.2 5-HT
      produced a transient contraction of the muscularis mucosae at concentrations
      higher than 3 muM. The contraction was rapid in onset, reaching a peak in about
      15 s or less, and was restored to the basal level after 20 to 30 s without
      washing out 5-HT. When the 5-HT-induced contraction faded to the basal tone,
      successive applications of 5-HT no longer produced any contracture.3 Nicotine
      (Nic), at concentrations higher than 10 muM, also produced a transient
      contraction which had a very similar pattern to that induced by 5-HT. Again, the
      successive application of Nic no longer produced any contracture following prior
      treatment with Nic itself. However, the 5-HT-induced contraction was not modified
      by the presence of Nic.4 Exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) produced a
      concentration-dependent contraction of the muscularis mucoase, the 50% effective
      concentration (EC(50)) was 69 +/- 5.6 nM. The contraction was sustained during
      incubation with ACh, and was not modified by prior treatment with 5-HT or Nic.5
      The 5-HT (100 muM)-induced contraction was completely abolished by tetrodotoxin
      (0.2 muM) and atropine (0.2 muM). This means that the action is mediated by
      stimulating cholinergic nerves in the submucous plexus attached to muscularis
      mucosae. Moreover, the stimulating action of 5-HT does not involve nicotinic
      receptors, since the action was not blocked by hexamethonium (100 muM).6 Among
      several 5-MT antagonists examined, methysergide (1 muM), ketanserin (1 muM) and
      morphine (100 muM) failed to modify the 5-HT (100 muM)-induced contraction
      significantly. Cinanserin (0.1-3 muM), cyproheptadine (3-100 nM) and
      phenoxybenzamine (0.1-3 muM) inhibited the 5-HT-induced contraction, in a
      concentration-dependent manner, and each highest concentration abolished the
      response. However, none of these antagonists was specific for 5-HT, but the Nic
      (100 muM) or ACh (0.1 muM)-induced contractions were also inhibited by them.7 The
      present results indicate that 5-HT contracts the muscularis mucosae of the guinea
      pig oesophagus indirectly by stimulating cholinergic nerves in the submucous
      plexus, and has no direct action on the muscularis mucosae. In addition, the type
      of 5-HT receptors responsible for the stimulant action may be different from
      those in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels or brain,
      because of the different effects of 5-HT antagonists.

PMID- 6824813
TI  - The influence of maternal protein deficiency on the placental transfer of
      salicylate in rats.
AB  - 1 The influence of a low protein diet (5% as compared with a control 21% protein
      diet) on the placental transfer of sodium salicylate was investigated in Sprague
      Dawley rats on day 20 of gestation. 2 Maternal plasma salicylate concentrations
      (assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography) were generally lower in protein
      deficient than in control animals at a wide range of times (0.25 - 12 h) and dose
      levels (2 - 250 mg/kg, i.v.); however, foetal plasma salicylate levels in the two
      groups of animals did not differ. 3 The placental transfer of salicylate as
      indicated by the ratio of foetal plasma or foetal liver to maternal plasma
      salicylic acid concentration was consistently and significantly greater in the
      protein-deficient group than in the control group of animals following the
      administration of the drug to the mother as well as to the foetus. 4 A decrease
      in calorie without a concomitant decrease in protein intake (pair-fed controls)
      did not alter the placental transfer of salicylate. 5 The increased placental
      transfer of salicylate in protein-deficient animals could not be attributed to
      changes in serum protein-salicylate binding. 6 It is suggested that the
      pharmacokinetic factors responsible for maintaining a lower level of salicylate
      in the foetus than in the mother are impaired by maternal malnutrition, and this
      may increase the foetal effects of maternally ingested salicylate.

PMID- 6824812
TI  - Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on ventricular fibrillation thresholds of normal
      and ischaemic myocardium in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - 1 The effects of agents which produce membrane stabilization (class I), beta 1
      adrenoceptor blockade (class II), prolongation of the cardiac action potential
      (class III) or inhibition of the slow inward current (class IV) were investigated
      for their ability to increase the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) or to
      modify the fall in VFT consequent upon coronary artery ligation in the
      anaesthetized rat. 2 The class I agent, Org6001, increased VFT of normal
      myocardium and in lower doses reduced the postligation fall in VFT. 3 The class
      II agent, metoprolol, failed to increase VFT of normal myocardium but reduced the
      postligation fall. 4 The class III agent, melperone, increased VFT of both normal
      and ischaemic myocardium whereas the class IV agent, nifedipine failed to
      influence VFT in either region. 5 Bepridil (class I and IV) was similar to
      Org6001 and sotalol (class II and III) in that it increased VFT of normal
      myocardium and in lower doses reduced the postligation fall in VFT. 6 Measurement
      of VFT before and after coronary artery ligation in the rat constitutes a rapid
      and reproducible screen to detect antifibrillatory activity. 7 The results also
      suggest that in the rat, the low currents used (approximately 400 microA) do not
      release substantial quantities of catecholamines whereas these may be released by
      coronary artery ligation.

PMID- 6824814
TI  - Twitch potentiation by organophosphate anticholinesterases in rat phrenic nerve
      diaphragm preparations.
AB  - 1 Twitch potentiation produced by anticholinesterases has been variously
      attributed to the prolonged postjunctional action of acetylcholine (ACh), a
      prejunctional action of ACh involving the initiation of antidromic firing (ADF)
      in the nerve or a direct action of the anticholinesterases on nerve terminals
      initiating ADF. 2 The organophosphate anticholinesterases, paraoxon (diethyl-4
      nitrophenylphosphate) and DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate), when applied to rat
      isolated diaphragm preparations for 30 min, produced twitch potentiation which
      subsequently declined. 3 The rates of onset and decline of twitch potentiation
      were directly related to the concentration of the organophosphates and the
      reversibility of their effects was in line with the reactivation of the
      phosphorylated enzymes formed by them, whether reactivation was spontaneous or
      induced by the oxime, N,N'-trimethylene-1, 3-bis(pyridinium-4-aldoxime). 4
      Reducing the output of ACh from nerve terminals (by reducing the ratio of
      calcium: magnesium ions in the bathing solution) or reducing the affinity of ACh
      for the nicotinic cholinoceptor (using the disulphide bond reducing agent,
      dithiothreitol) produced the same effects as did lowering the concentration of
      the organophosphates. 5 It is concluded that the twitch potentiation produced by
      paraoxon and DFP, and its failure to be maintained when the higher concentrations
      of the organophosphates were used, were the direct result of the excess of ACh in
      the synaptic cleft, following inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 6824815
TI  - Influence of diabetes on the reactivity of mesenteric microvessels to histamine,
      bradykinin and acetylcholine.
AB  - 1 Noradrenaline (NA) evoked a vasoconstrictor response in rat mesenteric
      microvessels in situ, the latency and nature of which was analogous in normal and
      alloxan-diabetic animals.2 Histamine and bradykinin (Bk) were capable of
      antagonizing the response to NA in normal but not in diabetic animals. In
      contrast, acetylcholine (ACh) was equally effective as an antagonist to NA in
      both groups of animals.3 The altered responses to histamine and Bk were not
      associated with hyperglycaemia since fasting rendered the diabetic animals
      normoglycaemic and yet did not restore the reactivity of microvessels. Previous
      administration of insulin to diabetic animals corrected the impaired responses to
      histamine and Bk.4 A similar condition of impaired responses to histamine and Bk
      was produced in normal animals by the intravenous injection of 2-deoxyglucose
      although ACh remained fully active.5 Apparently, the functional changes observed
      in the response to histamine or Bk, as antagonists of the vasoconstrictor
      reaction to NA, were not associated with a defective response of all smooth
      muscle. First, because ACh remained active in diabetic animals, and, second,
      because extravascular smooth muscles obtained from either normal or diabetic rats
      were equally relaxed by histamine or Bk in vitro.6 It is suggested that histamine
      and Bk antagonized the vasoconstrictor response of microvessels to NA through an
      action on lining endothelial cells resulting in increased vascular permeability
      and hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluids.7 The process depended on the
      availability of insulin, and, therefore, might be affected by intracellular
      glucopaenia as occurring in diabetes.8 Intracellular glucopaenia markedly
      affected other structures. Reduced atria rates were observed in diabetes, despite
      the fact that the isolated preparation responded normally to NA, ACh or tyramine.
      Partial substitution of glucose in the bathing fluid by 2-deoxyglucose or
      addition of NaF to the organ bath evoked similar changes in atria from normal
      animals.9 ACh which has little effect on vascular permeability must exert its
      vasodilator effects through mechanisms which are different from those influenced
      by the biochemical changes occurring in diabetes.

PMID- 6824818
TI  - Comparison of the effects of bicuculline and strychnine on brain stem auditory
      evoked potentials in the cat.
AB  - 1 Experiments were performed to determine the effects of intravenously applied
      bicuculline and strychnine on the click-evoked brain stem auditory evoked
      potentials (BAEP) of cats. 2 The BAEP was not affected by bicuculline (0.5 mg/kg,
      i.v.) administration. Strychnine (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) administration caused a
      significant increase in the amplitude of peak 4, which is thought to be produced
      by potentials in the superior olive, lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus. 3
      These results suggest that strychnine blocks glycinergic inhibitory inputs to
      these auditory structures.

PMID- 6824821
TI  - Proteinuria with gold therapy: when should gold be permanently stopped?
AB  - The treatment records of patients on gold therapy have been studied with
      particular respect to the development of proteinuria. This was classified as mild
      (up to 0.3 g/l), moderate (0.4-2 g/l), or heavy (more than 2.0 g/l). Particular
      attention was paid to the mode of onset and prognosis of the proteinuria and to
      subsequent gold administration. Twenty-seven patients with moderate or heavy
      proteinuria were identified. Two were suffering from psoriatic arthropathy, the
      rest were diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis, although three were
      persistently sero-negative. There was a direct correlation between the degree of
      proteinuria and its duration. Heavy proteinuria persisted for at least three
      months, whereas moderate proteinuria cleared within this period. No patient
      developed permanent renal impairment. Nine of 10 patients with heavy proteinuria
      had preceding mild or moderate proteinuria during which period gold
      administration had been continued. Fourteen of 17 patients with moderate
      proteinuria had their gold injections continued or re-started and none of these
      subsequently developed heavy proteinuria. It is suggested that moderate
      proteinuria should lead to cessation of gold therapy until the urine is clear but
      that subsequently treatment may be safely re-started.

PMID- 6824817
TI  - An in vivo model for measuring antigen-induced SRS-A-mediated bronchoconstriction
      and plasma SRS-A levels in the guinea-pig.
AB  - 1 Pharmacological modulation of antigen-induced anaphylaxis in actively
      sensitized guinea-pigs with intravenously administered indomethacin (10 mg/kg),
      pyrilamine (2.0 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) resulted in a delayed onset,
      slowly developing bronchoconstriction indicative of a slow-reacting substance of
      anaphylaxis (SRS-A) response. 2 Measurements of pulmonary mechanics on the drug
      pretreated animals challenged with ovalbumin demonstrated a more prominent effect
      on dynamic compliance than resistance. This is consistent with the more potent
      effects of SRS-A on peripheral rather than central airways. 3 The slowly
      developing bronchoconstriction obtained after treatment with indomethacin,
      pyrilamine and propranolol was inhibited by the standard SRS-A antagonist, FPL
      55712 and the SRS-A synthesis inhibitors, phenidone, BW 755C and
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid. 4 Plasma SRS-A levels were determined in guinea-pigs
      following antigen challenge. The appearance of SRS-A in the plasma preceded the
      onset of bronchoconstriction and SRS-A levels remained elevated throughout its
      development. Coincident with the inhibition of bronchoconstriction by the SRS-A
      synthesis inhibitor, phenidone, was a dose-dependent reduction in plasma SRS-A.
      The intravenous ED50 in each case was 4 mg/kg. 5 This model of antigen-induced
      SRS-A-mediated bronchoconstriction should prove useful for the in vivo evaluation
      and development of therapeutics which regulate the synthesis of SRS-A.

PMID- 6824816
TI  - A comparison of some of the properties of the [3H]-sulpiride binding site in
      soluble and native membrane preparations of dog striatum.
AB  - [3H]-sulpiride binding sites in dog striatum have been solubilised using CHAPS
      detergent. Solubilised sites were similar to those in native membrane
      preparations in terms of Bmax, Kd and sensitivity to dopamine and dopamine
      receptor antagonists. Binding of [3H]-sulpiride to the solubilised binding site
      was dependent upon the presence of sodium ions and was inactivated by the
      sulphydryl group reagent N-ethylmaleimide.

PMID- 6824820
TI  - Selective inhibition of thromboxane B2 accumulation and metabolism in perfused
      guinea-pig lung.
AB  - 1 U46619, a prostaglandin H2 endoperoxide analogue and thromboxane A2 agonist,
      dose-dependently inhibited accumulation and metabolism of thromboxane B2 in the
      isolated perfused lung of the guinea-pig. At similar doses prostaglandins E1, E2,
      F1 alpha, F2 alpha, I2, 5, 6-trans-PGE2 and 8-iso-PGE1 were ineffective. 2 U46619
      did not affect accumulation and metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha under
      similar conditions. 3 The pulmonary disposition of thromboxane B2, which occurs
      by uptake into pulmonary cells or binding to a specific macromolecular component,
      is mediated by a mechanism distinct from that handling prostaglandin F2 alpha.
      The possible relevance of these findings to the pulmonary disposition of
      thromboxane A2 is discussed.

PMID- 6824819
TI  - Baclofen blocks postsynaptic inhibition but not the effect of muscimol in the
      olfactory cortex.
AB  - 1 The olfactory cortex slice preparation from the guinea-pig brain was used to
      study the effects of baclofen on inhibition using intracellular recording.
      Stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract activities sequentially excitatory and
      inhibitory pathways. Inhibition is manifest as a period of increased membrane
      conductance (termed postsynaptic inhibitory conductance, IPSC). 2 Bath
      application of baclofen (0.2-500 muM) reversibly blocked the IPSC. Baclofen also
      produced a secondary increase in the amplitude and duration of the initial
      excitatory postsynaptic potential. 3 Baclofen (0.5-500 muM) slightly augmented
      the ability of bath-applied muscimol to increase the resting membrane
      conductance. Baclofen had no effect on cell excitability and membrane potential
      and no effect on the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline,
      glycine, taurine or 5-hydroxytrypamine. 4 These results confirm previous
      suggestions that baclofen at low concentrations acts outside the GABA receptor
      mediating the IPSC perhaps by reducing the release of the excitatory transmitter
      activating the inhibitory interneurones.

PMID- 6824822
TI  - Gold and pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The effect of gold therapy on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis has been
      studied prospectively in a group of 14 patients and retrospectively in 96
      patients. There was no evidence that gold had any adverse effect on pulmonary
      function.

PMID- 6824823
TI  - The effect of hyperparathyroidism on the course of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis and primary hyperparathyroidism have been diagnosed in three
      patients. This is likely to represent the coincidence of two common diseases but
      the clinical features are discussed with particular reference to the presence and
      withdrawal of raised levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is
      argued that raised levels of PTH potentiate the effects of the rheumatoid disease
      on bone and joints. Other musculoskeletal features of hyperparathyroidism and the
      actions of PTH on bone are reviewed.

PMID- 6824824
TI  - Use of aids during the first three months after total hip replacement.
AB  - The supply and use of aids following total hip replacement was monitored to see
      why therapists supplied aids and how quickly and why patients stopped using them.
      Postal questionnaires were sent to 163 patients with unilateral or bilateral
      osteoarthrosis of the hip or rheumatoid arthritis 2, 6 and 10 weeks after
      discharge from hospital. Patients had 2.2 aids per person on admission and 5.8
      aids per person 2 weeks after discharge. They used 2.3 aids per person 10 weeks
      after discharge. Improvement in the pattern of walking was the main reason for
      supplying walking aids, safety for providing bath aids, and pain/insufficient
      range of movement for supplying dressing and toilet aids. The main reason for
      discarding aids was that patients could manage without them. Disease group, sex
      and the presence of other orthopaedic or medical problems influenced the use of
      aids but these differences were not apparent until 6 weeks after discharge.

PMID- 6824825
TI  - The nail-patella syndrome--a report of two cases and a literature review.

PMID- 6824826
TI  - A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to indomethacin.
AB  - A middle-aged female with rheumatoid arthritis was commenced on indomethacin.
      Four days later she developed the classical clinical and histological features of
      toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The association with indomethacin has not
      previously been reported.

PMID- 6824827
TI  - Menadione in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6824831
TI  - A variable intensity viewing box for mammography.

PMID- 6824828
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in subgroups of Dupuytren's contracture.

PMID- 6824832
TI  - The use of Silastic foam as an aid to sinography.

PMID- 6824829
TI  - A fundamental approach to the design of a dose-rate calculation program for use
      in brachytherapy planning.
AB  - A method, developed from the Quantisation Method, of calculating dose-rate
      distributions around uniformly and nonuniformly loaded brachytherapy sources is
      described. It allows accurate and straightforward corrections for oblique
      filtration and self-absorption to be made. Using this method, dose-rate
      distributions have been calculated for sources of radium 226, gold 198, iridium
      192, caesium 137 and cobalt 60, all of which show very good agreement with
      existing measured and calculated data. This method is now the basis of the
      Interstitial and Intracavitary Dosimetry (IID) program on the General Electric
      RT/PLAN computerised treatment planning system.

PMID- 6824830
TI  - Effect of misonidazole on the tolerance of the rat spinal cord to daily and
      multiple fractions per day of X rays.
AB  - The effect of misonidazole on the induction of early and late delayed radiation
      damage in the rat cervical spinal cord has been determined for single doses,
      daily, and multiple fractions per day of X rays. Paralysis occurred in two
      separate waves, which could be attributed to histologically different types of
      damage. Administration of misonidazole before irradiation did not modify the
      early and late delayed radiation response of the spinal cord. This suggested that
      the targets for misonidazole and radiation toxicity in the central nervous system
      are different. Comparison of different types of anaesthesia, Nembutal and
      Ethrane, with or without breathing oxygen, indicated that hypoxia was not induced
      in the spinal cord by the experimental conditions. Irradiation with two or three
      fractions a day showed a reduction in spinal cord tolerance, but this reduction
      became less with decreasing doses per fraction.

PMID- 6824834
TI  - Carcinoid arthropathy--radiological features.

PMID- 6824833
TI  - A simple needle stop in abdominal aspiration.

PMID- 6824836
TI  - Atmospheric pressure ionography--preliminary clinical evaluation.

PMID- 6824835
TI  - Duodenal ischaemia associated with atheromatous occlusion of the coeliac axis and
      superior mesenteric artery.

PMID- 6824837
TI  - Tilt and slew on CT scanners and consequential problems in treatment planning
      with IGERT/PLAN system.

PMID- 6824838
TI  - The terms stochastic and non-stochastic as currently used in radiological
      protection.

PMID- 6824839
TI  - Ischaemic heart disease--a challenge to radiology.

PMID- 6824842
TI  - The plain radiograph in oral cholecystography: should it be abandoned?

PMID- 6824841
TI  - Pleural calcification: a type of "metastatic calcification" in chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Pulmonary calcifications associated with chronic renal failure are rare
      conditions. However, a few such cases have been reported in the literature, and
      they were regarded as a sign of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Pleural
      calcification induced by secondary hyperparathyroidism has not been reported in
      the literature. We report four cases of slow-growing pleural calcification which
      are considered to have been induced by hyperparathyroidism, in patients
      undergoing maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. CT scan was
      useful for the detection of calcified lesions in the pleura.

PMID- 6824840
TI  - Arthritis in Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features of fourteen patients with Behcet's
      syndrome have been reviewed with particular reference to joint disease. Thirteen
      patients (93%) suffered recurrent peripheral oligo- or poly-arthritis, this
      symptom being the presenting complaint in two (14%). There were no radiographic
      abnormalities in peripheral joints. Ten patients (71%) complained of low back
      pain and in seven (50%) there was a mild erosive sacro-iliitis. Five patients
      (36%) had an enthesopathy (calcaneal spurs) one of whom also demonstrated
      vertebral body squaring. Patients with sacro-iliitis did not possess the HLA B27
      antigen. Behcet's syndrome should be entertained in the radiological
      differentiation of sacro-iliitis with a clinical arthropathy.

PMID- 6824843
TI  - Influence of background and absorption correction on nuclear quantification of
      left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) was determined in millilitres by
      equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (MUGA) in 38 patients and in 15 normal
      individuals by applying corrections for background (BC), LV blood self-absorption
      and for absorption by the thoracic and LV walls. Volume calibration was performed
      by measuring a syringe containing the patient's venous blood with the gamma
      camera. Single plane cineventriculography (CVG) served as the reference method.
      Without absorption correction, LV volume values were underestimated by a factor
      of 3.6 on the average. Several background models (uniform, parabolic, no
      background) were investigated. Without BC, EDV was overestimated, and with
      uniform BC, EDV was underestimated. EDV calculated using a parabolic BC with a
      correction for absorption yielded the best correlation (r = 0.96) with volumes
      (VOL) obtained by CVG (VOLMUGA [ml] = -6.83 + 1.060 X VOLCVG).

PMID- 6824847
TI  - The pharyngeal stage of deglutition in patients with dysphagia.

PMID- 6824846
TI  - Depletion of cellular thiols by misonidazole treatment prevents some post
      irradiation repair processes.

PMID- 6824845
TI  - Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler's disease) with special reference
      to angiographic findings in liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6824844
TI  - In vitro inhibition of misonidazole toxicity and melphalan chemopotentiation by
      metyrapone.
AB  - Overnight exposure of Chinese hamster cells, V-79-753B, to 10(-3)M metyrapone
      protected them against the hypoxiamediated toxicity of 10(-2)M misonidazole. This
      protection was accompanied by an increase in radiation resistance. There was no
      appreciable change in the oxygen-enhancement ratio, nor in the amount of
      sensitisation produced by 10(-3)M misonidazole. Treatment of cells with
      metyrapone (10(-3)M) or dexamethasone (1 microgram ml-1 [approximately 2 X 10(
      6)M]) prior to exposure first to 5 X 10(-3)M misonidazole in hypoxia and then to
      melphalan in air, substantially decreased the amount of chemopotentiation
      produced by the sensitiser, although the toxicity of melphalan alone was not
      affected in cells treated with either compound. Cells pretreated with either
      metyrapone or dexamethasone had 2-3 times more glutathione than control cells.
      This increase in GSH could not explain the change in radiation response, since
      cells pretreated with 5 X 10(-5)M flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agent, had similarly high GSH levels, but their radiation response is similar to
      that of untreated cells (Millar et al, 1981). Neither dexamethasone nor
      flurbiprofen affected cell growth, whilst metyrapone markedly decreased the
      growth of cells. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanism(s).

PMID- 6824849
TI  - The value of the 24-hour urine analysis in the assessment of stone-formers
      attending a general hospital outpatient clinic.
AB  - The daily urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid and
      glycosaminoglycans, and 24-h urinary volume and pH, were measured in 39 normal
      men and 65 male patients who had formed at least one calcium oxalate stone. No
      significant difference could be found between the two groups of subjects with
      respect to any of the urinary parameters. Nonetheless, a higher proportion of
      stone-formers than normals had daily excretion levels of oxalate in excess of the
      normal 95th percentile. On the other hand, there was no difference between the
      proportion of stone-formers and normals who fell into this category with respect
      to calcium excretion. It was concluded that a single 24-h urine analysis is of
      limited practical value in explaining the occurrence of stones or in predicting
      the likelihood of further episodes in unselected stone-formers attending a
      general hospital outpatient clinic.

PMID- 6824851
TI  - Uretero-lithotomy in situ--a uretero-lithotomy forcep.

PMID- 6824850
TI  - Urothelium and the Specific Red Cell Adherence Test.
AB  - The Specific Red Cell Adherence Test (SRCAT) has been modified to produce
      clearer, more consistent, permanent preparations. Normal urothelium, inflammatory
      lesions, squamous metaplasia, papillomata, flat in situ and papillary tumours and
      invasive neoplasms of the bladder have been studied. Inflammatory and squamous
      changes did not corrupt the test results. The SRCAT was found to be a highly
      significant test for identifying those patients at risk from invasive bladder
      tumour. ABH antigens in carcinoma in situ appeared to be non-uniformly
      distributed throughout the bladder urothelium; it is suggested that all
      subsequent biopsies from these patients should be tested.

PMID- 6824848
TI  - Is fractionation frequency the dominant factor in radiation therapy of lung
      cancer.

PMID- 6824852
TI  - Spongiosography for staging male urethral carcinoma.

PMID- 6824854
TI  - Bilateral interstitial cell tumour of testes.

PMID- 6824853
TI  - A possible genetic variant of homozygous cystinuria.

PMID- 6824855
TI  - Pleuro-colonic fistula secondary to calculous pyonephrosis.

PMID- 6824856
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the bladder in association with malignant disease and
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6824857
TI  - Carcinoma of male urethra with pseudohyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6824858
TI  - Calcification of the tunica vaginalis.

PMID- 6824859
TI  - An unusual foreign body in the urethra.

PMID- 6824860
TI  - Taenia echinococcus cyst in the prostate.

PMID- 6824861
TI  - The accuracy of a hand-held real time ultrasound scanner for estimating bladder
      volume.
AB  - In a prospective study using a portable real time ultrasound scanner, 82
      estimations of the bladder volume were made in male patients with neurogenic
      bladder and these were compared in each case with the measured volume of urine
      obtained by catheterisation performed immediately after estimation. A further 25
      estimations/measurements were made in patients in whom the bladder volume was
      less than 150 ml. Both studies showed that the scanner offered a reproducible and
      safe alternative to catheterisation for estimating bladder volumes. The accuracy
      is sufficient for most clinical purposes.

PMID- 6824862
TI  - The use of urinary flow rates obtained from voided volumes less than 150 ml in
      the assessment of voiding ability.
AB  - The initial slope of the curve relating peak urinary flow rate to voided volume
      was found to predict an individual's flow rate at bladder volumes of 200 ml or
      more in normal subjects and those with symptoms of outflow obstruction. The
      numerical value of this initial slope was found to decline in a hyperbolic
      fashion with increasing age. A similar decrease was observed for peak urinary
      flow rates at bladder volumes between 200 and 300 ml. The use of initial slope as
      an index of voiding ability would appear to be just as effective in
      discriminating between normal and obstructed men as a single flow rate
      determination at a large volume and would be of most benefit in those patients
      unable to void large volumes of urine.

PMID- 6824863
TI  - The role of catheter surface morphology and extractable cytotoxic material in
      tissue reactions to urethral catheters.
AB  - Batches of urethral catheters associated with stricture formation during clinical
      usage were found to be amongst those causing marked acute and chronic
      inflammation after subcutaneous implantation in rats. The degree of inflammation
      did not correlate with the surface roughness of catheters assessed by scanning
      electron microscopy, but showed an excellent correlation with the cytotoxic
      effects of soluble extracts from catheters on macrophage monolayers in tissue
      culture. The findings suggest that stricture formation may be chemically induced
      and may not relate to surface roughness of catheters.

PMID- 6824864
TI  - Post-catheterisation urethral strictures. A clinical and experimental study.
AB  - Seventeen patients who developed urethral strictures following catheterisation
      have been studied; 14 of these (82%) were catheterised for standard monitoring
      purposes during and after major heart surgery, which was a coronary artery bypass
      graft (CABPG) in 12 cases. The possible aetiological mechanisms for the
      development of this complication are discussed. Animal experiments were designed
      and carried out to compare the effects of different catheter materials on the
      urethral mucosa. Silicone catheters provoked the least inflammation and rubber
      the most. A further experiment determined the flow rates through catheters of
      different sizes. From our results, we suggest that the careful insertion of a
      small silicone catheter, distally fixed, is least likely to induce stricture
      formation.

PMID- 6824865
TI  - Experience with two-stage scrotal flap urethroplasty for stricture.
AB  - A series of 50 men with variously-caused stricture of the bulbar and/or
      membranous urethra is presented. The 2-stage scrotal flap urethroplasty described
      by Blandy was used. As a rule the operation was technically simple. Post
      operative incontinence was not a problem. Recurrence or new stricture appeared in
      7 cases, but 5 of these strictures were short and could be corrected with
      internal urethrotomy. Timed micturition showed improved voiding in all of the 18
      patients studied before and after urethroplasty. Urodynamic studies in the last 8
      cases of the series before and after urethroplasty showed significantly improved
      urinary flow and voiding post-operatively, with reduction of detrusor pressure
      and residual urine.

PMID- 6824866
TI  - Indomethacin--an alternative to pethidine in ureteric colic.

PMID- 6824867
TI  - Blood concentration of lignocaine after application of 2% lignocaine gel in the
      urethra.
AB  - In 35 patients undergoing topical anaesthesia with lignocaine (lidocaine) gel (2%
      Xylocaine gel) the concentration of lignocaine base was measured in repeated
      venous blood samples. Twenty patients (group I) were given 20 ml of 2% lignocaine
      gel (400 mg lignocaine) and 5 patients (group II) received 40 ml (800 mg
      lignocaine) endourethrally. These 2 groups of patients underwent either dilation
      of the urethra or urethrocystoscopy. Ten patients (group III) undergoing
      transurethral resection of the prostate or a bladder tumour, were given 20 ml of
      gel (400 mg lignocaine) plus spinal anaesthesia with 2 ml of 5% lignocaine (100
      mg lignocaine) with 7.5% glucose (Xylocaine "heavy"). The mean peak blood
      concentrations of lignocaine in these 3 groups were 0.06, 0.15 and 0.36
      micrograms/ml respectively. Patients undergoing urethral dilatation had
      significantly higher blood concentrations than cystoscopy patients. The blood
      concentrations in group III were not higher than the expected value when spinal
      anaesthesia and lignocaine gel were given simultaneously. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the blood concentration between patients
      undergoing different types of transurethral resection (prostate and cancer of the
      bladder). Lignocaine applied endourethrally gives an extremely low blood
      concentration which is far below the level which can cause general toxic
      symptoms.

PMID- 6824869
TI  - Sclerosant therapy for hydroceles and epididymal cysts.
AB  - Hydroceles and epididymal cysts presenting in 30 patients were treated by tapping
      and injection of the sclerosant solution sodium tetradecylsulphate. Ten patients
      required only one treatment and 20 patients had up to 3 repeat injections. There
      have been no recurrences in patients completing the course of treatment and the
      complication rate was low.

PMID- 6824868
TI  - A clinical evaluation of serum placental alkaline phosphatase in seminoma
      patients.
AB  - Serum levels of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were measured in 100
      patients with seminoma. A specific double antibody radioimmunoassay was used.
      PLAP was elevated for 9 out of 21 patients with primary tumours, to a mean of 53
      micrograms/l. Of the 12 cases with recurrent or metastatic growth, nine had
      raised PLAP. The sensitivity of PLAP determinations for primary and advanced
      disease was 55%. After successful treatment of seminoma, the PLAP level
      decreased. In a group of 68 patients with no evidence of disease, nine had
      slightly elevated serum PLAP. In many, but not all patients, serum PLAP
      parallelled the changes in tumour burden. In such patients and for follow-up of
      treatment, PLAP might be used as a new marker for seminomatous disease.

PMID- 6824870
TI  - The effects of vasectomy on testicular volume.

PMID- 6824871
TI  - Fournier's gangrene: necrotising fasciitis of the male genitalia.
AB  - The aetiology, clinical syndrome and outcome of nine patients with necrotising
      subcutaneous infections of their external genitalia have been analysed. These
      patients constituted just under 1% of all of our urological admissions during a
      nine-month period. Eight of the nine patients suffered from the secondary variety
      of this disease with urethral strictures and extravasation being the most common
      precipitating conditions. Necrotising fasciitis of the genitalia still carries a
      high risk of mortality and morbidity, frequently necessitating long periods of
      hospitalisation and repeated surgical procedures. Special attention was given to
      the bacteriology of the disease and recommendations concerning antibiotic therapy
      are made.

PMID- 6824872
TI  - Particulate activity in urine.
AB  - A new method of measuring urinary particulate activity is described. The
      analytical process, using a Coulter Counter, is designed to have minimal effect
      on the dynamic nature of the specimen. Emphasis is placed on conducting the
      analysis during the first 5 min following voiding, preventing changes in
      temperature and pH and avoiding any form of dilution of the specimen. Urinary
      particulate activity is measured by quantitatively evaluating the spontaneous
      changes which occur in particulate number and size. Resulting values demonstrate
      clearly defined differences between urine specimens which appear biochemically
      similar. The results are reproducible under stable conditions but are
      significantly altered by temperature and pH change, or dilution of the specimen.
      This method measures the urinary potential to form precipitates and ultimately
      stones, and should be included in any investigation of urinary calculus disease.

PMID- 6824873
TI  - Urinary particulate activity in urinary calculus disease.
AB  - In urinary calculus disease there remains a group of patients with no
      demonstrable biochemical abnormality. A method is described measuring particulate
      activity in freshly voided urine using a Coulter Counter, which demonstrates the
      abnormality in these cases. Urine from 100 normal controls and 100 persons with
      urinary calculus disease was analysed, demonstrating a statistically significant
      difference between the 2 groups (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 6824874
TI  - Femorotibial bypass for limb salvage using human umbilical vein.
AB  - A series of 112 consecutive femorotibial bypasses was reviewed in which
      glutaraldehyde-stabilized human umbilical vein was used for the bypass. The
      duration of follow-up was between 6 months and 2 1/2 years. Cumulative patency at
      2 years for the entire group was 9 per cent. The state of the pedal arteries,
      site of the distal anastomosis and age of the patient influenced the results. The
      difference in the patency rates at 1 year between patients with 3 patent pedal
      arteries and those with only 1 is significant (P less than 0.001) as is that
      between those with 3 and those with 2 (P = 0.024). Of 49 patients with pre
      gangrene, in whom the bypass worked for a period in excess of 2 months, only 7
      eventually required amputation in contrast to 32 of a group of 39 similar
      patients in whom the bypass failed early.

PMID- 6824875
TI  - Carotid artery surgery in patients with minor stroke.
AB  - Of 229 carotid artery reconstructions, 67 were performed in patients after a
      minor stroke. In this group of patients the operative mortality was 5.9 per cent,
      compared with 1.8 per cent in the group of patients without preoperative minor
      stroke operated upon during the same period of time. The 5-year survival in the
      stroke group was 86 per cent and in the non-stroke group it was 65 per cent.
      Excluding the postoperative mortality, the survival increases to 90 and 68 per
      cent respectively. The difference, which is significant at 6 years (P less than
      0.05), is explained by a higher incidence of coronary artery disease in the non
      stroke group. The postoperative annual stroke frequency was 2.3 per cent in the
      stroke group and 2.4 per cent in the non-stroke group. The stroke frequency on
      the operated side during follow-up was 1.6 per cent per year for both groups
      together. It seems that a minor stroke is no contraindication to carotid artery
      reconstruction provided the timing of the operation is correct and other
      contraindications are considered.

PMID- 6824876
TI  - Pilonidal sinuses of the anal canal.

PMID- 6824877
TI  - Intestinal adaptation after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a possible
      explanation for inadequate weight loss.
AB  - Thirty-two patients required further abdominal operations 6-77 months after
      jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Twenty operations were needed because of
      inadequate weight loss, while the remaining 12 patients had lost sufficient
      weight but had developed complications. In all 32 patients the lengths of
      functioning jejunum and ileum were measured and compared with those recorded
      during the original operation; elongation had occurred in 29. There was a
      striking difference between the median increase in jejunoileal length of 44 per
      cent when weight loss was inadequate and 7 per cent when weight loss was adequate
      (P less than 0.01). Similarly, intestinal circumference and mural thickness were
      greater in the first group. There appears to be a relationship between intestinal
      adaptation and the extent of weight loss after jejunoileal bypass.

PMID- 6824878
TI  - The grading of sepsis.
AB  - A simple system for grading the severity of sepsis has been developed by scoring
      the attributes of sepsis under four headings: local effects of infection,
      pyrexia, secondary effects of sepsis and laboratory data. The information needed
      should be readily available at district general hospital level. The system
      produces a number which indicates the severity of sepsis and which varies with
      the patient's condition. This system could be useful in comparing patients with
      sepsis and studies on such patients in different centres.

PMID- 6824879
TI  - Infarction of the sigmoid colon in a uterovaginal prolapse.

PMID- 6824880
TI  - Extracellular fluid volume expansion and third space sequestration at the site of
      small bowel anastomoses.
AB  - Intestinal surgery is usually associated with the parenteral administration of
      sodium and water, sometimes in amounts considerably in excess of excretory
      capacity. We have studied the effect of this situation on the water content of
      the gut at and 5 cm from a single-layer end-to-end anastomosis in the rabbit.
      Water content was measured by desiccation. One group of animals (group 1) did not
      receive intravenous therapy. The second group (group 2) received 5 ml kg-1 h-1 of
      Hartmann's solution during the operative period and thereafter to a total volume
      of 200 ml by 48 h. In group 1 there was a 5-10 per cent increase in tissue weight
      both at the anastomotic site and at 5 cm (P less than 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test)
      on the first 3 days. Thereafter, water content at the anastomosis persisted, but
      resolved in normal gut. In group 2 a further 5 per cent increase in weight over
      group 1 occurred (P less than 0.01), persistent at the anastomotic site over 5
      days, though resolving elsewhere after 2 days. Extracellular fluid volume
      expansion exaggerates an anatomical third space present in the region of an
      anastomosis. At the suture line, oedema so induced is persistent and could be
      deleterious.

PMID- 6824881
TI  - Human umbilical vein and polytetrafluorethylene arterial grafts compared in an
      artificial circulation.

PMID- 6824883
TI  - Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 6824882
TI  - Acute necrotizing colitis and obstruction.
AB  - Acute necrotizing colitis is a rare complication of colonic obstruction. Six
      cases occurring during a 20-month period are described. The presenting features
      were those of colonic obstruction with shock but without perforation. At
      laparotomy changes ranged from mucosal necrosis to frank gangrene in the colon
      proximal to the obstructing lesion. Gram stains of resected colon showed Gram
      positive bacilli, resembling clostridia, invading the mucosa and submucosa. Two
      patients treated by defunctioning colostomy alone died but the remaining 4
      survived after total colectomy. The cause is not known but raised intraluminal
      pressure may result in terminal mucosal ischaemia allowing anaerobic organisms to
      invade the bowel wall.

PMID- 6824884
TI  - The effect of faecal loading on colonic anastomotic healing.
AB  - The effect of faecal loading of the colon on the healing of rat colonic
      anastomoses has been investigated in a prospective randomized and controlled
      study. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred significantly more often when the bowel
      was loaded with faeces at the time of operation than when it was empty. Suture
      line cultures bore no relationship to the outcome of the anastomosis. This result
      emphasizes the importance of an empty colon as a contributory factor in
      successful colonic healing in the rat.

PMID- 6824885
TI  - Colonoscopic polypectomy in a regional teaching hospital.
AB  - Five hundred and thirty-five polyps were found in 200 patients over 6 years at a
      regional teaching hospital. Eighty-five per cent of the patients were from the
      hospital area yet the presentation of the patients, the complications of
      polypectomy, the size, distribution and histological features of the polyps were
      similar to large series reported from metropolitan specialist centres of referral
      both in this country and the USA. However, a smaller proportion of our polyps
      were over 1 cm diameter. Between 25 and 53 per cent of patients had recurrent or
      residual polyps on the second and third colonoscopy. Patients with two or more
      polyps at the first endoscopy were significantly more likely (P less than 0.01)
      to have further polyps at follow-up. We therefore recommend that patients with
      colonic polyps are colonoscoped annually until free from polyps for 2 years,
      before being placed on colonoscopic review at 5-year intervals.

PMID- 6824886
TI  - A new instrument to hold a disposable biopsy needle.

PMID- 6824887
TI  - Do women do worse after proximal gastric vagotomy?

PMID- 6824888
TI  - The clinical syndrome of mammary duct ectasia.

PMID- 6824890
TI  - Small bowel volvulus following total hip replacement.

PMID- 6824889
TI  - Experimental vein grafts in the rat: re-endothelialization and permeability to
      albumin.

PMID- 6824891
TI  - Postanal repair for neuropathic faecal incontinence: correlation of clinical
      result and anal canal pressures.
AB  - Neuropathic faecal incontinence is associated with low anal pressures and
      shortening of the anal canal. The operation of postanal repair has been shown to
      result in the return of acceptable continence in over 80 per cent of such
      patients. This paper examines the effect of the operation on anal canal
      pressures. Forty-two patients with primary faecal incontinence and
      electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy affecting the external anal sphincter
      and pelvic floor musculature were studied. Anal pressures were measured before
      operation and not less than 1 month afterwards. Two groups were chosen according
      to the clinical result. Group 1 consisted of 34 patients who regained continence
      and group 2 comprised 8 patients judged as having had an unsatisfactory result.
      In group 1 there was an increase in anal canal length (1.4 +/- 0.2 cm, mean +/-
      s.e.m., paired t test, P less than 0.001), resting pressure (19 +/- 3 cm H2O, P
      less than 0.001) and voluntary contraction pressure (13 +/- 3 cm H2O, P less than
      0.001). In group 2 there was some increase in anal canal length (1.0 +/- 0.2 cm P
      less than 0.01) but no increase in mean resting pressure or mean voluntary
      contraction pressure. The results show that postanal repair effectively lengthens
      the anal canal and increases anal pressures in patients with a successful
      clinical outcome.

PMID- 6824892
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis.
AB  - Tumoral calcinosis is an uncommon, usually solitary, tumour-like mass
      characterized by soft tissue calcification for no apparent reason. Nearly all
      cases have occurred in negroes, including 2 previously recorded in this country.
      We report 7 cases seen over a period of 3 years in English caucasian patients and
      suggest that the condition is not rare but goes unrecognized under a variety of
      guises. Three of these 7 patients, 2 of whom were on haemodialysis for renal
      failure, had isolated hyperphosphataemia, which is the only aetiological factor
      detected so far. Surgical excision appears to be the only effective treatment.

PMID- 6824893
TI  - The value of parotid sialography.
AB  - One hundred consecutive parotid sialograms were reviewed to assess the clinical
      usefulness of the technique. In 54 per cent of patients significant information
      was provided by the sialogram, and in 22 per cent the diagnosis was made on
      sialographic appearances alone or the findings altered subsequent management. The
      highest proportion of useful investigations was found in those presenting with
      bilateral parotid swelling. No significant information was obtained in patients
      with an isolated lump in the parotid region.

PMID- 6824894
TI  - Final inline filtration for intravenous infusions: a prospective hospital study.
AB  - Phlebitis is the most common complication of intravenous therapy affecting more
      than 50 per cent of infusions. Particles in or added to infusions have been
      implicated, hence a filter with pore size of 0.2 micron containing both
      hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements (Pall Biomedical) has been evaluated. All
      infusions of likely duration greater than 48 h, set up in a 2-month period at
      this hospital, were randomized to filter or identical dummy. The endpoints and
      statistical power of the study were determined at the outset. Of the 226
      infusions randomized, 32 failed within 24 h and were excluded leaving 194 of whom
      93 had dummy and 101 filter. Only 38 infusions with dummy survived until no
      longer required compared to 63 infusions with filter (chi 2 = 7.68, P less than
      0.01). Analysed by life table, the trend for filtered infusions to survive longer
      failed to achieve statistical significance, but inline filtration prolonged the
      phlebitis-free survival of infusions (P less than 0.01). These benefits were most
      marked in the 49 infusions where antibiotics were administered via the drip site.
      Inline filtration delays the onset of phlebitis, thus more infusions survive
      until they are no longer required. This effect is not sufficiently strong to
      institute an overall hospital policy but filters may be indicated in patients
      requiring intravenous antibiotics.

PMID- 6824895
TI  - Surgical manpower, beds and output in the NHS: 1967-1977.
AB  - The availability and use of surgical manpower and beds and certain measures of
      surgical workload were examined in the NHS in England and Wales from 1967 to 1977
      using routine health statistics. Amongst the surgical specialties, there was no
      consistent relationship between changes in levels of manpower and beds and
      operating output. For example, ENT surgery and cardiothoracic surgery had more
      staff and fewer beds in 1977 than in 1967, but operating output in ENT surgery
      decreased by 18 per cent and in cardiothoracic surgery increased by 28 per cent.
      Although the efficiency of bed use may have improved (average length of stay was
      10.5 days in 1967 and 8.8 days in 1977), the overall use of available beds in
      most specialties may have decreased. The number of operations performed in each
      specialty per consultant surgeon was less in 1977 than 1967 except for traumatic
      and orthopaedic surgery. Although interpretations of routine health statistics
      are rarely conclusive, the results of this study suggest the possibility of a
      less than optimum use in 1977 compared to 1967 of surgical beds and surgeons'
      operating potential which might be due to lack of other resources such as usable
      theatre time.

PMID- 6824896
TI  - Traumatic pericardiophrenic hernia: a report of 3 cases.
AB  - Three cases of traumatic intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia are reported. The
      defect was limited to the central tendon of the diaphragm in all 3 cases with
      herniation of the transverse colon (n = 2) or small bowel (n = 1) into the
      pericardial sac. A correct preoperative diagnosis was made in all 3, using a
      dilute barium meal in 2 patients, and from the chest X-ray examination alone in
      1. Successful operative repair was performed. Previous reports suggest that
      barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract are the most accurate method of
      diagnosis but should be used with caution as they may precipitate cardiac
      tamponade through distension of herniated bowel.

PMID- 6824897
TI  - Antrectomy for recurrent ulcer after parietal cell vagotomy.
AB  - The results of antrectomy for recurrent ulcer after parietal cell vagotomy are
      reviewed. Eighteen patients underwent precise antrectomy between 6 months and 7
      years after their primary operation. Fourteen patients were reconstructed with a
      gastroduodenostomy and 4 with a gastrojejunostomy. Eighteen patients were
      available for follow-up of between 18 months and 10 years. One patient (6.25 per
      cent) developed a recurrent ulcer 1 year after antrectomy. There was no operative
      mortality. Six patients (33 per cent) had minor complications in the immediate
      postoperative period, and one (5.5 per cent) had a major complication. According
      to Visick grading, 75 per cent had good or excellent results and 25 per cent poor
      results. Antrectomy following parietal cell vagotomy can be achieved with a low
      operative mortality, a low ulcer recurrence rate and a satisfactorily low
      incidence of post-gastrectomy problems.

PMID- 6824898
TI  - Attenuation of adrenocortical response to upper abdominal surgery with epidural
      blockade.
AB  - Plasma cortisol concentrations and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were measured in two
      groups of 15 patients receiving elective gastrectomy under either general
      anaesthesia or epidural blockade. In another 15 patients receiving epidural
      blockade, the vagus nerve was blocked by injection of local anaesthetics or by
      truncal vagotomy, and their cortisol response to gastrectomy was compared with
      the other two groups. Gastrectomy under general anaesthesia caused a marked
      increase in plasma cortisol concentrations and in urinary excretion of 17-OHCS.
      These adrenocortical responses to gastrectomy were significantly inhibited in
      patients operated upon under epidural blockade extending from T3-4 to L1-2 and
      continuing for 48 h postoperatively. In patients receiving both epidural and
      vagus nerve blockade, the plasma cortisol response was the same as in those
      receiving epidural blockade alone. The results indicated that the adrenocortical
      response to upper abdominal surgery was safely attenuated, though not abolished,
      with high spinal epidural blockade continuing for 48 h postoperatively. The vagus
      nerve was not likely to be playing an important role in the adrenocortical
      response to gastrectomy.

PMID- 6824899
TI  - A comparison of Nissen fundoplication and Boerema gastropexy in the surgical
      treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children.
AB  - The results of surgical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in 133 infants and
      children clearly demonstrated the superiority of the Nissen fundoplication over
      the Boerema gastropexy. The failure to control reflux in the gastropexy group (50
      patients) was 42 per cent compared with a 9.6 per cent failure rate in the
      fundoplication group (83 patients). This resulted in a reoperation rate of 24 per
      cent for the gastropexy procedure compared with 8 per cent for the
      fundoplication. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative
      complications.

PMID- 6824900
TI  - Predicting postoperative complications.

PMID- 6824901
TI  - Disintegration of Celestin tubes.

PMID- 6824902
TI  - The diagnostic yield of ERCP in the investigation of unexplained abdominal pain.
AB  - One hundred and forty patients with undiagnosed severe chronic abdominal pain who
      had not undergone previous biliary surgery were investigated by ERCP. A diagnosis
      was achieved in 34 patients (24 per cent) including 8 with previously undiagnosed
      peptic ulceration and 5 with gallstones. Twenty-five patients (18 per cent) had
      an abnormal pancreatogram, including 1 with pancreatic cancer. The incidence of
      pancreatogram abnormalities suggestive or diagnostic of pancreatitis was
      particularly high (60 per cent) in patients with a history of alcohol abuse. ERCP
      has a valuable role in the investigation of patients with 'obscure' abdominal
      pain.

PMID- 6824903
TI  - Gastric emptying after intestinal resection in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Gastric emptying, using a liquid meal labelled with 99Tcm DTPA was studied in 6
      patients with Crohn's disease who had diarrhoea following resection of the small
      intestine. Results were compared with those obtained in 6 normal subjects and 6
      patients who had classic dumping symptoms following gastric surgery. The rate of
      gastric emptying of patients with Crohn's disease was similar to that of normal
      subjects, and differed markedly from gastric emptying in patients with the
      dumping syndrome (P less than 0 . 001). Diarrhoea in patients with Crohn's
      disease who have undergone intestinal resection is not due to rapid gastric
      emptying and would therefore be unlikely to respond to therapeutic measures
      designed to improve similar symptoms in patients who have the dumping syndrome.

PMID- 6824904
TI  - The fractured shaft--an unusual penile injury.

PMID- 6824905
TI  - Fluctuations in natural killer cell activity in early syphilis.
AB  - The natural killer cell activity was studied in 25 patients with primary,
      secondary, or latent syphilis before and after treatment. In primary syphilis
      natural killer cell activity was increased, especially in patients lacking
      circulating lipoidal antibodies. In patients who had become seroreactive in the
      lipoidal tests it was depressed in those with secondary and latent syphilis. The
      natural killer cell activity thus becomes activated by the syphilitic infection
      but is significantly reduced during progression of the disease. The importance of
      the natural killer cell activity in controlling syphilitic infection is
      questionable.

PMID- 6824906
TI  - Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia with false-positive serological tests for
      syphilis.
AB  - Analysis of serum from a patient with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis
      showed a mixed cryoglobulin with a monoclonal IgM kappa-antiglobulin component
      (6.5 mg/ml), strong rheumatoid factor activity (latex titre 1/5000), and positive
      serological tests for syphilis (fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed and
      Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay). After removal of antiglobulin
      activity by immunoabsorption with heat-aggregated gammaglobulin all serological
      test results for treponemal infection became negative. Serological tests for
      syphilis and rheumatoid factor on the supernatant from whole serum (minus
      cryoglobulin) remained positive though at a lower titre (latex 1/1250).
      Cryoglobulin isolated from whole serum retained rheumatoid and TPHA reactivity
      but was negative in the FTA-ABS test. The IgM and IgG cryoglobulin components
      purified by gel filtration on Sepharose showed no antitreponemal reactivity even
      when tested individually. Reducing the concentration of cryoglobulin to 1.5 mg/ml
      by plasma exchange converted the test results for syphilis to doubtful-positive
      or negative. These results indicated that high concentrations of antiglobulin
      activity may be associated with falsely positive specific antitreponemal test
      results and that this phenomenon depends on the concentration of cryoglobulin in
      the test sample.

PMID- 6824907
TI  - Blood group, secretor status, and susceptibility to infection by Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - To determine whether the presence or absence of anti-B isohaemagglutinin in
      individuals of blood group B increases their susceptibility to gonococcal
      infections 567 new patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic were
      screened for blood group and secretor status. Of the patients with blood group B,
      20.1% had gonorrhoea and 12% had not. A higher percentage (20.9%) of patients
      with no anti-B isohaemagglutinin had gonorrhoea compared with those without
      (12.1%). There was, however, no synergy between the absence of anti-B
      isohaemagglutin and nonsecretion of water-soluble blood group B antigen. Further
      research is needed to determine the underlying host-parasite interactions
      responsible for the increased susceptibility to gonorrhoea in these individuals.

PMID- 6824909
TI  - Quantitative studies of the abnormal axon-Schwann cell relationship in the
      peripheral motor and sensory nerves of the dystrophic mouse.
AB  - The nature and extent of abnormal axon-Schwann cell relationships in peripheral
      portions of dystrophic motor and sensory nerves were quantitatively evaluated
      between 1 and 9 months of age using teased fibres and electron micrographs. The
      results show that in the dystrophic (dy/dy) common peroneal (CPN) and tibial
      nerves (TN), and less in the dy/dy sural nerve (SN): (1) the number of Schwann
      cell nuclei associated with myelinated axons is increased with respect to normal;
      (2) the average internodal length is correspondingly reduced; (3) the average
      dystrophic internode elongates roughly in parallel with the average normal
      internode, and with the dystrophic limb; the longitudinal growth of the
      dystrophic limb is normal; (4) the variation of internodal length is greater than
      normal; it does not increase with age; (5) the incidence of the nodes of Ranvier
      which are wider than the normal 3 micrometers limit does not increase with age;
      and (6) the number of myelinated axons is reduced in the dy/dy CPN and TN but not
      in the dy/dy SN; it shows no change with age. These data indicate that: (1) in
      the dy/dy peripheral nerves (PNS) the abnormal axon-Schwann cell relationships
      and the reduced number of myelinated axons have been established prior to 1 month
      of age, thereafter progressive degenerative processes do not appear to take
      place, and (2) the dy/dy sensory nerves are less affected than the motor ones.

PMID- 6824908
TI  - Chlamydial genital infection in prostitutes in Iran.
AB  - The prevalence of chlamydial genital infection was studied in 177 prostitutes in
      Iran; 100 in Teheran and 77 in the port of Bandar Abbas. Chlamydia trachomatis
      was isolated in eight (6.9%) of 116 patients with valid cultures. Type-specific
      antibodies were found against C trachomatis serotypes D to K (genital serotypes)
      in 94.2% and against serotypes A to C (trachoma serotypes) in 2% of the
      prostitutes. Type-specific IgM at a titre of greater than or equal to 8,
      indicating current infection, was found in 29.2%, whereas type-specific IgG at a
      titre greater than or equal to 64, suggesting a current or recent infection, was
      present in 71.5%. The lower chlamydial isolation rate in these women may have
      been due to previous treatment with antichlamydial drugs and because of immune
      responses resulting from repeated reinfection with chlamydiae. The results
      indicate that in Iran prostitutes are commonly infected with C trachomatis and
      are probably a major reservoir of chlamydial genital infection.

PMID- 6824910
TI  - The nictitating membrane response: an electrophysiological study of the abducens
      nerve and nucleus and the accessory abducens nucleus in rabbit.
AB  - The nictitating membrane response to periocular electrostimulation was
      investigated in anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits. Recordings from the abducens
      nerve, which carries the fibers innervating retractor bulbi muscles that are
      primarily involved in this reflex, showed two distinct volleys to effective
      stimulation: a short duration volley with a minimum latency of approximately 4 ms
      and a longer duration volley beginning approximately 10 ms after stimulus onset
      and lasting up to 25 ms. Recordings of antidromically evoked field potentials via
      microelectrodes indicated large responses to abducens nerve stimulation in the
      vicinity of the accessory abducens nucleus. Single unit recordings from the
      accessory abducens nucleus produced spike trains with minimal latencies of 3.7-5
      ms to eyeshock. The latency of spike discharge was inversely related to stimulus
      current. Units in the abducens nucleus did not show stimulus-elicited spiking,
      suggesting that the accessory abducens, but not the abducens, is primarily
      involved in the reflex pathway. Transverse knife cuts which separated caudal
      areas of the sensory trigeminal complex from the accessory abducens nucleus did
      not attenuate the efferent volley to suprathreshold stimulation, suggesting that
      more rostral components of the trigeminal complex are primarily involved in the
      reflex pathway.

PMID- 6824911
TI  - Effects of dorsal cord stimulation on stretch reflexes.
AB  - The effects of dorsal cord stimulation on phasic and tonic stretch reflex
      activity in extensor muscles were studied in decerebrate cats. The tonic stretch
      response was depressed in both fore- and hindlimb (stimulation at levels C1 and
      T8, respectively) and this often persisted for 5-20 min after the end of 1-10 min
      of dorsal cord stimulation. Depression of the phasic stretch response was only
      consistently seen in the forelimb during stimulation (C1) and this rarely
      outlasted the period of stimulation. These results support the idea that dorsal
      cord stimulation can reduce muscle tone but provide no explanation for the long
      lasting effects of chronic, continuous stimulation in spastic man.

PMID- 6824912
TI  - Behavioral correlates of dopaminergic unit activity in freely moving cats.
AB  - Single unit activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was recorded
      in freely moving cats under a variety of conditions. These neurons displayed
      their highest discharge rate during active waking (3.68 +/- 0.30 spikes/s), which
      was 20% greater than their discharge rate during quiet waking (3.07 +/- 0.20).
      Although these cells fired somewhat faster during active waking, their activity
      displayed no correlation with phasic EMG changes, and, in general, their activity
      showed little relationship to overt behavioral changes. As the cat progressed
      from quiet waking through slow-wave sleep and REM sleep there was no significant
      change in either the rate or pattern of firing of dopaminergic neurons. In
      addition, no correlation was observed between the activity of these neurons and
      either sleep spindles or PGO waves. These neurons did respond, however, to the
      repeated presentation of a click or light flash with excitation followed by
      inhibition, with no evidence of habituation. One of the most impressive changes
      in dopaminergic unit activity was a large decrease in association with orienting
      responses. This was seen in over 50% of the cells in which this relationship was
      examined. As the behavioral orientation habituated with repeated stimulus
      presentation, so did the associated dopaminergic unit suppression. In conclusion,
      dopaminergic neurons maintain a remarkably constant rate and pattern of firing
      across a variety of behaviors and states. However, this stability can be
      dramatically altered under special circumstances, such as during and following
      orienting responses.

PMID- 6824913
TI  - Local and distal effects induced by unilateral striatal application of opiates in
      the absence or in the presence of naloxone on the release of dopamine in both
      caudate nuclei and substantiae nigrae of the cat.
AB  - Halothane-anesthetized cats implanted with push-pull cannulae in both caudate
      nuclei (CN) and substantiae nigrae (SN) were used to study the effects of
      naloxone and various opiates when applied into the left CN on the release of
      newly synthetized tritiated dopamine (DA) from nerve terminals and dendrites of
      the two nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathways. In all cases, the drugs (naloxone,
      opiates alone or in the presence of naloxone) were applied for 30 min into the
      left CN. When applied alone, naloxone (10(-6) M) induced a delayed reduction in
      tritiated DA release both in the ipsilateral and contralateral CN. These effects
      were seen after removal of the drug from the superfusion fluid. Complementary
      experiments made with tritiated naloxone (10(-6) M) revealed that the
      contralateral effect on DA release was not due to a diffusion of the opiate
      antagonist from its application site. Locally, D-Ala2, Met-enkephalinamide (D
      Ala2, Met-Enk, 10(-6) M) and the potent delta agonist Tyr-D-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr
      (DSThr, 5 X 10(-8) M) induced a biphasic increase in tritiated DA release. The
      local changes in tritiated DA release evoked by morphine (10(-6) M) and mu
      agonists such as Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NH-C6H13 (10(-8) M) and fentanyl (10(-8) M)
      differed from those of delta agonists and furthermore differed from each other.
      For instance, morphine induced a delayed increase in tritiated DA release whereas
      a biphasic increase followed by a delayed inhibition occurred with fentanyl.
      Among all the opiates tested D-Ala2-Met-Enk was the only one which elicited a
      distal effect, that is a reduction of tritiated DA release in the ipsilateral SN.
      Marked differences in these opiates' effects on tritiated DA release occurred
      both locally and in distal structures when opiates were applied simultaneously
      with naloxone (10(-6) M). Locally, the changes induced by mu agonists were
      particularly altered since during morphine's application with naloxone a
      reduction of tritiated DA release occurred. In addition, the opiate antagonist
      prevented the second increase and the delayed inhibition of tritiated DA release
      evoked by fentanyl (10(-8) M). Interestingly, the combined application of
      naloxone with either D-Ala2, Met-Enk (10(-6) M), DSThr (5 X 10(-8) M) or morphine
      (10(-6) M) resulted in the appearance of changes in tritiated DA release in
      contralateral structures. The most striking effect was seen with D-Ala2, Met-Enk
      which enhanced tritiated DA release in the contralateral CN and SN. These results
      are discussed in the light of the involvement of several types of opiate
      receptors and of the polysynaptic pathways responsible for the distal changes in
      dopaminergic transmission.

PMID- 6824914
TI  - Ability of motoneurons to regulate quantal release and terminal growth after
      reduction in motor unit size.
AB  - Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that motoneurons are programmed
      to produce fixed amounts of growth and transmitter release substrates and are
      unable to regulate production to match the number of nerve terminals they
      support. The size of the average motor unit in mouse tensor fascia latae muscles
      was approximately halved by cutting out the distal half of the muscle. Surviving
      terminals were assessed 100-110 days later for level of quantal output and
      percentage of terminals with sprouts. Both quantal output and sprout percentage
      were the same as in contralateral control muscles. Both parameters have been
      reported to be elevated 1-9 days after a similar operation. We conclude that
      mouse motoneurons can down-regulate their production of growth and release
      substrates but that the process takes more than 9 days to become effective.

PMID- 6824915
TI  - Combined spikes induced by Ca and Na currents in cultured cerebellar neurons from
      the chick embryo.
AB  - Evoked spikes in explanted cerebellar neurons cultured for 17-25 days, presumably
      including Purkinje cells, were not completely blocked by 10(-5) g/ml TTX. The TTX
      resistant components of the spike were suppressed by Co2+ or Mn2+. It is
      suggested that combined Ca and Na components are involved in spike generation
      mechanisms in cultured neurons from the chick cerebellum and that they may be
      related to the maturation process of excitable membranes of cell soma.

PMID- 6824916
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine on spinal Ia afferent
      terminations.
AB  - When administered microelectrophoretically, noradrenaline (NA) and 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased the thresholds of the terminal portions of
      extensor muscle Ia afferents stimulated extracellularly near lumbar motoneurons
      of anesthetized cats. This effect, and the concomitant increase in the electrical
      resistance of the extracellular medium near the orifices of multibarrel
      micropipettes, could be reversibly altered by ouabain. The results suggest
      further evidence is required of a direct effect of these amines at transmitter
      related receptors on Ia terminations since the observed increase in threshold may
      be indirect, resulting from the sodium-dependent uptake of the administered
      amines by neurons and glia.

PMID- 6824917
TI  - Striatal dopamine metabolism in response to apomorphine: the effects of repeated
      amphetamine pretreatment.
AB  - The dose-dependent decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) metabolites following
      apomorphine (APO) administration was utilized as an index of changes in DA
      receptor sensitivity following the repeated administration of amphetamine (AMPH).
      The results suggest that: (a) repeated AMPH pretreatment does not alter DA
      autoreceptor sensitivity; and (b) interpretations of the decline in striatal DA
      metabolites at high doses of APO (greater than 50 micrograms/kg), in terms of
      activation of postsynaptic DA receptors, may require re-evaluation.

PMID- 6824918
TI  - The effects of the GABAergic agonist muscimol upon the relationship between local
      cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization.
AB  - The relationship between cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization was studied
      in conscious rats using the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose
      quantitative autoradiographic techniques respectively. Both blood flow and
      glucose use decreased in parallel in the 38 areas of the brain analyzed following
      administration of the GABA agonist muscimol, thus maintaining the relationship
      observed in control rats. The present study offers no evidence for a direct
      vasodilatatory action for muscimol in the conscious rat, but points to underlying
      regional metabolic activity as the primary determinant of cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6824919
TI  - The development of tetrahydrobiopterin and guanosine-5'-triphosphate
      cyclohydrolase: differential patterns in rat brain and pineal gland.
AB  - The developmental patterns of appearance of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and
      the first enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, guanosine-5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase
      (GTPcyc), were examined in rat brain and pineal gland. A parallel relationship
      between BH4 content and GTPcyc activity was evident in both tissues during
      development. In brain, the maximal content of BH4 and activity of GTPcyc was
      observed 2 days prior to, and 10 days after, birth. In contrast, both pineal BH4
      content and GTPcyc activity became maximal postnatally. The influence of neural
      input on the developmental appearance of pineal BH4 was examined in rats that had
      been superior cervical ganglionectomized shortly after birth. It was found that
      this procedure did not alter the developmental appearance of BH4.

PMID- 6824920
TI  - Ascending efferent projections of the gustatory parabrachial nuclei in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological techniques were used to study efferent
      projections of the gustatory region of the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) in rabbits.
      Autoradiographic analysis of [3H]leucine microinjected into
      electrophysiologically defined gustatory areas of the PBN revealed strong
      projections to the ventromedial taste component of the ventrobasal complex of the
      thalamus and also evidence of projections to the lateral hypothalamus, substantia
      innominata and nucleus centralis amygdala (ACE). Electrical stimulation in the
      region of ACE was shown to activate antidromically neurons in the PBN responsive
      to rapid stimuli, confirming gustatory projections to the ventral forebrain. An
      electrophysiological mapping of units in the amygdala and substantia innominata
      responsive to electrical stimulation of the gustatory part of the PBN agreed with
      the autoradiographic data. A proportion of these units were also responsive to
      gustatory stimuli. However, latencies of evoked response to stimulation of the
      PBN were unusually long. Outputs from the gustatory PBN to the ventral forebrain
      may include other modes of polysynaptically integrated information that are
      largely controlled by interneuronal networks within the PBN.

PMID- 6824921
TI  - Intracerebral opiates block the epileptic effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV)
      leucine-enkephalin.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of both enkephalin (100 micrograms) and
      morphine (200 micrograms produces characteristic electrographic seizures.
      Injection of low doses of either morphine or levorphanol into the lateral
      ventricle of the brain prior to the administration of epileptogenic doses of
      enkephalin can block the induction of such seizures. A similar trend was observed
      when either opiate preceded ICV morphine. Microinjections of both morphine (30
      micrograms) or levorphanol (40 micrograms) into the periaqueductal gray area
      (PAG) or into the nucleus accumbens resulted in potent analgesia. However, only
      morphine injected into the nucleus accumbens was effective in blocking
      electrographic seizures induced by ICV enkephalin. On the basis of this and other
      previous findings we propose that the excitatory-epileptic and the inhibitory
      antiepileptic action of opiates and opioids are mediated by two different
      systems. Furthermore, we propose that such systems may differ both in their
      anatomical distribution and in the classes of opiate receptors underlying their
      action.

PMID- 6824922
TI  - The termination in the mesencephalon of fibres from the lateral cervical nucleus.
      An anatomical study in the cat.
AB  - The termination in the dorsal mesencephalon of fibres from the lateral cervical
      nucleus (LCN), recently discovered with the retrograde tracing technique, was
      investigated by both the degeneration method and anterograde transport of lectin
      conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Both strategies gave similar results. The
      termination area was found to be situated at the level of transition between the
      superior and inferior colliculi and comprises mainly the intercollicular nucleus
      and the deep and intermediate layers of the posterolateral pole of the superior
      colliculus. The functional implication of the demonstrated projection from LCN is
      discussed in relation to somatosensory activity in the mesencephalic tectum.

PMID- 6824923
TI  - Paradoxical reinforcing properties of apomorphine: effects of nucleus accumbens
      and area postrema lesions.
AB  - Apomorphine (0.01-10.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) paradoxically produced both dose
      dependent aversive and positive reinforcing effects, as measured in conditioned
      taste aversion and place preference paradigms, respectively. The conditioned
      taste aversions produced by apomorphine were not modified in rats with bilateral
      6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nucleus accumbens (producing 92%
      depletion of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens) nor in rats with thermal lesions
      of the area postrema. Both types of lesions were behaviorally verified as
      effective in other paradigms; the 6-OHDA lesions potentiated the facilitatory
      effects to a novel flavor paired with scopolamine methylnitrate (1.0 mg/kg,
      intraperitoneally). However, 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens did clearly
      potentiate the conditioned place preferences induced by apomorphine. These
      results suggest that both the positive reinforcing and locomotor effects of
      apomorphine may partially result from activation of post-synaptic dopamine
      receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, the dissociation of apomorphine's
      aversive and positive reinforcing properties revealed by the 6-OHDA lesions may
      provide the first step in attempts to pinpoint the different brain sites of
      action where apomorphine produces its opposite motivational effects.

PMID- 6824924
TI  - Localization of renal sensory neurons using the fluorescent dye technique.
AB  - The location of cell bodies of renal sensory neurons was studied. Small
      injections of a fluorescent dye (True Blue or Fast Blue) were placed into either
      the right or left kidney of male or female rats. Whereas no differences were
      detected in the labeling patterns of males vs females, right kidney injections
      did label slightly higher dorsal root ganglia than left injections. In all cases
      the labeling was confined to the T6-L2 ganglia ipsilateral to the injection.

PMID- 6824925
TI  - Do pontocerebellar fibers send collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei?
AB  - Three cats received large injections in the pontine nuclei of horseradish
      peroxidase labeled wheat germ agglutinin. Pontocerebellar axons were stained
      throughout their length and dense terminal label was present in the granular
      layer. The cerebellar nuclei, however, contained only a few scattered labeled
      fibers without a consistent distribution from case to case. If nuclear
      collaterals from pontocerebellar fibers exist, they appear to be very few and can
      be expected to give only a very small contribution to the excitatory input to the
      cerebellar nuclei.

PMID- 6824926
TI  - The projection of the basal nucleus of Meynert upon the neocortex in the monkey.
AB  - After injections of horseradish peroxidase into several areas of the neocortex in
      the macaque monkey longitudinal bands of labeled cells in the basal nucleus of
      Meynert related to areas of cortex in the frontal lobe have been found to overlap
      along their long axes with the bands related to widely separated but
      interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. The frontal and parietal
      lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the
      nucleus, the temporal cortex to the postero-lateral margin of the nucleus and the
      occipital lobe to its upturned posterior extension.

PMID- 6824927
TI  - A new type of specific interneuron in the monkey hippocampus forming synapses
      exclusively with the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells.
AB  - By means of Golgi staining and gold-toning, we have found an interneuron in the
      pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus which forms synapses exclusively on the
      axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. An individual initial segment
      receives up to 30 symmetrical synapses from one axo-axonic cell. Each axo-axonic
      cell is in synaptic contact with the axon initial segments of several hundred
      pyramidal neurons. The interneuron is thus ideally situated to synchronize the
      output of a large population of pyramidal cells and so might be involved in the
      generation of rhythmic activity and in epileptogenesis.

PMID- 6824928
TI  - Properties of the spike afterhyperpolarization in pyramidal tract neurons.
AB  - Features of the spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) recorded intracellularly have
      been analyzed in fast pyramidal tract neurons of cats. Cell input conductance
      increases during the AHP, possibly because of a change in potassium conductance,
      as suggested by an AHP equilibrium potential 10--15 mV negative to the resting
      membrane potential. When more spikes are evoked in succession, AHPs following the
      first one are strongly reduced in amplitude. The effect is virtually maximal (30-
      50% of the control) after a single spike and fades out by 200-400 ms after the
      last spike. At short interspike intervals the initial time course of the
      depression is hidden by summation occurring between consecutive AHPs.

PMID- 6824929
TI  - Electromyographic activity in fast and slow elbow extensors during a visually
      guided forelimb movement in cats.
AB  - Electromyographic activity was recorded in the elbow extensors lateral (LaT) and
      medial (MeT) triceps and the elbow flexor cleidobrachialis (CB), during a rapid
      target directed forelimb movement. LaT, which was usually inactive during quiet
      standing, became strongly active in relation to the movement, while the reverse
      pattern was observed in MeT. The results are considered in relation to the
      difference in composition of motor until types with fast motor units
      predominating in LaT and slow in MeT.

PMID- 6824930
TI  - A modification of the glyoxylic acid induced histofluorescence technique for
      demonstration of catecholamines and serotonin in tissues of Aplysia californica.
AB  - A modified glyoxylic acid technique was used to examine central and peripheral
      nervous tissues in Aplysia californica. In addition to confirming the
      distribution of catecholamines and serotonin in the central nervous system, the
      method demonstrated the presence of monoamines in the opaline gland and bag cell
      clusters where they may act as transmitters. In conjunction with
      electrophysiological techniques this method may be useful to identify other
      monoamine-containing neurons in Aplysia.

PMID- 6824931
TI  - Laminar distributions of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat spinal cord following
      electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve.
AB  - The 2-deoxyglucose method was employed to study the functional organization of
      afferent axons in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Stimulation of axons in
      the sciatic nerve with conduction velocities greater than 17 m/s produced
      activity predominantly in the deep laminae of the dorsal horn. In contrast,
      stimulation of the entire population produced activity throughout the dorsal
      horn. The results are discussed in relation to the functional organization of the
      rat dorsal horn.

PMID- 6824932
TI  - Recession of sensory loss from the midline following trigeminal sensory root
      section: collateral sprouting from the normal side?
AB  - The extent of transmedian innervation of the lower lip, chin, tongue and teeth
      has been investigated in 20 patients who had undergone trigeminal sensory root
      section between 4 months and 9 years previously, and in 20 control patients whose
      inferior alveolar and lingual nerves had been anesthetized unilaterally. There
      was significantly greater transmedian cutaneous innervation in the surgical
      group. This may be explained by collateral sprouting of sensory nerves across the
      midline into the chronically denervated area.

PMID- 6824933
TI  - Evidence of sub-collicular auditory projections to the medial geniculate nucleus
      in the cat: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Connection of a posteromedial region of the ventral nucleus of the lateral
      lemniscus were examined in the cat using the autoradiographic tracing method.
      This sub-collicular region previously had been shown, using retrograde transport
      of horseradish peroxidase, to send axons to the superior colliculus. The
      autoradiographic findings revealed that many axons from the posteromedial region
      of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus that entered the superior
      colliculus continued into the midbrain reticular formation. Moreover, other axons
      traced rostral to the interior colliculus into the thalamus ended in the medial
      geniculate nucleus, bilaterally. Experiments in which horseradish peroxidase was
      placed in the medial geniculate nucleus retrogradely labeled the large neurons in
      the posteromedial region supporting the autoradiographic observations. Other sub
      collicular regions also contained labeled cells in these cases, including the
      main body of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and scattered cell
      groups around the superior olivary complex.

PMID- 6824934
TI  - Changes in the somatotopic organization of the cat lumbar spinal cord following
      peripheral nerve transection and regeneration.
AB  - Glass microelectrodes were used to record the activity of neurones in the left
      dorsal horn of the L6 segment of the spinal cord of normal cats and cats in which
      the left sciatic and saphenous nerves had been cut 1 or 9 months previously. In
      the normal animals the receptive fields of L6 dorsal horn neurons excited by
      tactile stimulation of the leg were somatotopically organized, with neurones in
      the medial and central dorsal horn having receptive fields on the distal parts of
      the leg, particularly the toes, and neurones in the lateral dorsal horn having
      receptive fields on the proximal parts of the leg, buttock and lower back. This
      somatotopy has been shown before. One month after nerve section no cells
      responded to tactile stimulation of the distal leg and cells in the medial and
      central parts of the dorsal horn now had receptive fields on the proximal leg,
      buttock and back. There did not appear to be any somatotopic organization of
      these new receptive fields. Lateral dorsal horn neurones had normal receptive
      fields. Nine months after nerve section neurones in the medial and central parts
      of the lumbar dorsal horn had receptive fields on the distal leg but they showed
      several abnormal features and there was no evidence of a return of the
      somatotopic organization seen in  normal animals. Lateral dorsal horn cells still
      had normal receptive fields.

PMID- 6824935
TI  - The relationship between axon diameter, myelin thickness and conduction velocity
      during atrophy of mammalian peripheral nerves.
AB  - The atrophy of cutaneous (sural) and muscle (medial gastrocnemius) nerves
      proximal to a ligation were studied in cats for periods up to 9 months, using
      light and electron microscopy, conduction velocity measurements and computer
      simulations. As atrophy proceeds, nerve fibres become increasingly non-circular.
      Cross-sectional areas of axons and fibres (axon + myelin) were measured. The
      diameters of equivalent circles (having the same axon and fibre cross-sectional
      area) were then calculated. A linear relation was found between axon diameter and
      fibre diameter, but the slope decreased as atrophy continued. This indicates that
      the axon cross-sectional area decreases relatively more than the total fibre
      area. Reduction in conduction velocity correlates more closely with reduction in
      axon diameter than fibre (axon + myelin) diameter. The ratio of the inner (axon)
      perimeter to the outer (myelin) perimeter remains constant at or near the optimal
      value of 0.6 for conduction in all groups of fibres at all periods of atrophy.
      Furthermore, the thickness of the myelin remains constant for a given perimeter
      over the entire period of atrophy studied. This suggests that the number of turns
      of myelin and the length of each turn remain unchanged during peripheral nerve
      atrophy. A simple geometric model explains how this can occur without gaps
      developing between the axon and myelin or between the turns of myelin. The
      Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations for conduction in myelinated nerve fibres predict
      changes in conduction velocity similar to those observed, if the axons atrophy
      without changes in myelin. The advantages of this mode of atrophy are discussed.

PMID- 6824936
TI  - Effects of various cations on the slow K+ conductance increases induced by
      carbachol, histamine and dopamine in Aplysia neurones.
AB  - A study was made of the effects of various cations other than K+ on three K+
      conductance increases induced by carbachol, histamine and dopamine in an
      identified group of Aplysia neurones: the 'A' neurones of the cerebral ganglion.
      The 3 responses were sensitive to alterations of both the extracellular and the
      intracellular concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+. In particular, they could be
      reduced markedly by: (a) lowering [Na]0 (replacing NaCl by either Tris-HCl,
      glucosamine chloride, MgCl2 or sucrose); (b) increasing [Na]i (by intracellular
      injection of Na+, or by blockade of the Na+-K+ pump); (c) increasing the
      extracellular divalent cation concentration; or (d) increasing [Ca]i4. Some of
      the effects of Na+ and divalent cations appear to occur on reaction steps common
      to the three K+ responses, while others probably imply reaction steps specific to
      one of the systems, since they differ according to the agonist used. The
      sensitivity to Na+ and Ca2+ of slow inhibitory responses due entirely to an
      increase in K+ conductance must be taken into account in the interpretation of
      some slow hyperpolarizing responses previously assumed to involve changes in Na+
      conductance.

PMID- 6824937
TI  - Serial reconstruction of microtubular arrays within dendrites of the cat retinal
      ganglion cell: the cytoskeleton of a vertebrate dendrite.
AB  - Serial reconstruction at the EM level of cat retinal ganglion cell dendrites
      reveals that: (1) the microtubular array is discontinuous, (2) microtubular
      endings are associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), mitochondria, and
      plasma membrane, (3) individual microtubules always maintain a minimum distance
      from other microtubules (87 nm), SER (43 nm) and plasma membrane (69 nm), and (5)
      individual microtubules can 'wander' independent of adjacent microtubules
      throughout the dendritic volume. These observations, taken with some recent
      biochemical and immunohistochemical data by other workers, suggest that the
      microtubules are surrounded by a coat of high molecular weight, microtubular
      associated proteins (HMW MAPs), which effectively creates a 90 nm tube around a
      central microtubular core. Our results suggest that bundles of these 'MAP-tubes'
      may serve as a major component of the dendritic cytoskeleton in the cat ganglion
      cells.

PMID- 6824938
TI  - 'Presynaptic astrocytes' in rat visual cortex.

PMID- 6824939
TI  - In vitro radioautographic study of the monoaminergic innervation of cat red
      nucleus. Identification of serotoninergic terminals.
AB  - This study emphasizes the existence of a dense plexus of serotoninergic nerve
      terminals having specifically accumulated tritiated serotonin in vitro in the red
      nucleus of cat. These terminals innervate the whole rostrocaudal extension of the
      nucleus, being frequently in close apposition to the cell bodies and proximal
      dendrites of magnocellular neurons in its caudal part. A possible involvement of
      this serotoninergic input in the modulation of cerebello-rubro-spinal activity is
      proposed.

PMID- 6824940
TI  - Vestibular efferent fibers to ampulla of anterior, lateral and posterior
      semicircular canals in cats.
AB  - Origins of vestibular efferent fibers to ampulla of semicircular canals in cats
      were examined using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The anterior
      canal was innervated from bilateral parvocellular reticular nucleus (PCRN),
      contralateral gigantocellular reticular nucleus and ipsilateral lateral reticular
      nucleus (LRN); the lateral canal, from ipsilateral PCRN and LRN as well as
      ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus; and the posterior canal, from bilateral
      PCRN and ipsilateral medial and lateral vestibular nuclei.

PMID- 6824941
TI  - Caudate stimulation prolongs latency of acoustically and visually signalled
      reaching in rats.
AB  - Latencies of acoustically and visually signalled lateralized ballistic reaching
      were examined in rats with implanted electrodes in the caudate nuclei (Cd).
      Single pulse stimulation of Cd coinciding with CS onset increased the reach
      latency from 180 to 300 ms. Stimulation of Cd contralateral to the preferred
      forepaw was more disruptive than stimulation of ipsilateral Cd and the
      interference threshold was lower for Cd stimuli applied 100 ms after CS onset.
      Since reaching latencies were only moderately prolonged (by 85 ms) after
      electrolytic lesion of ipsilateral dentate nucleus. Cd stimulation does not only
      disrupt cerebellar preprogramming, but has a more general interfering effect.

PMID- 6824942
TI  - The effect of midbrain reticular stimulation upon perigeniculate neurons activity
      during different states of the sleep-waking cycle in the cat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation in chronic cats
      induced state-dependent effects on spontaneous firing of perigeniculate neurons.
      Perigeniculate neurons fired at lower rates during slow wave sleep than during
      wakefulness of paradoxical sleep. The stimulation caused a firing decrease in
      slow wave sleep; an effect which faded during wakefulness and paradoxical sleep
      and was superseded by a firing increase during periods of eye movements in 30% of
      the neurons. The responsiveness of perigeniculate neurons to optic tract and
      visual cortex stimulation either remained unchanged or was enhanced during the
      reticular induced firing changes.

PMID- 6824943
TI  - Serotonin-induced contraction of canine basilar artery: mediation by 5-HT1
      receptors.
AB  - Serotonin and related agonists cause a marked contraction of canine basilar
      artery segments. These contractions can be inhibited by a variety of serotonergic
      antagonists. Absolute potencies of both serotonin agonists and antagonists in
      chamber contraction studies significantly correlate (P less than 0.01) with their
      potencies for 5-HT1, but not 5-HT2, receptors as defined by central nervous
      system radioligand binding studies. Serotonin-induced contractions of canine
      basilar artery segments appear to be mediated by 5-HT1 receptors.

PMID- 6824944
TI  - Chronic infusion of angiotensin II into the olfactory bulb elicits an increase in
      water intake.
AB  - Chronic infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) into the olfactory bulb (OB) elicited
      a moderate dipsogenesis which occurred only during the dark phase, essentially
      doubling the water-to-food intake ratio. Removal of the food from the ANG II-OB
      group reduced water consumption to the level of the saline-infused/food-deprived
      controls. These experiments suggest that ANG II may interact with the OB to alter
      the normal water/food relationship.

PMID- 6824945
TI  - The isolation and amino acid composition of senile plaque core protein.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the isolation of intact senile (neuritic)
      plaque cores from post-mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The
      plaque cores were found to be insoluble in various protein denaturants. The amino
      acid composition of the plaque core protein does not resemble that of any known
      form of amyloid.

PMID- 6824946
TI  - Auditory brainstem anomalies in albino cats. I. Evoked potential studies.
AB  - The amount of melanin pigmentation in the inner ear is positively correlated with
      the general pigmentation of the body and specifically with the amount of pigment
      in the eye. The misrouting of retinofugal projections which accompanies ocular
      and oculocutaneous albinism has been thought to be a defect in decussation unique
      to the visual system. Evidence suggests that functional abnormalities may also
      exist in the auditory systems of albino humans and animals. To evaluate this
      possibility, evoked potential techniques were used to examine the functional
      anatomy of decussating brainstem auditory pathways in albino and pigmented cats.
      Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded from albino, pigmented, and
      Siamese cats using monaural stimulation. ABRs were recorded ipsilateral and
      contralateral to the stimulated ear. The albinos were complete tyrosinase
      negative (cc), not the dominant white (W) variety associated with deafness. In
      pigmented cats, the amplitudes of ABRs recorded with the reference electrode
      ipsilateral to the stimulated ear and the ABRs recorded using the reference
      contralateral to the stimulated ear did not differ by more than 40% for
      individual components appearing between 2 and 4 ms after stimulus onset. In
      albino cats the components at these latencies were obliterated or greatly
      attenuated in the ABR recorded using the reference contralateral to the
      stimulated ear. These data indicate that anomalies may exist in the brainstem at
      the level of the acoustic striae, superior olivary nuclei and/or trapezoid body
      in tyrosinase-negative albino cats.

PMID- 6824947
TI  - GABAergic and cholinergic indices in various regions of rat brain after
      intracerebral injections of folic acid.

PMID- 6824948
TI  - Auditory and vestibular pathology of seizure-prone chicks.
AB  - The mutant sex-linked lethal recessive px (paroxysmal) gene, expressed in White
      Leghorn chicks (Gallus domesticus) causes seizures beginning on approximately day
      8 post-hatching. Seizures are spontaneous and inducible by auditory but not by
      photic stimulation. Prior to seizure onset px chicks are indistinguishable from
      non-px siblings. With seizure onset is a decrease in food intake which causes
      deterioration and death by 4-10 weeks of age. In a preliminary histological study
      conducted on 22-day-old seizure-prone chicks, brains were perfused and sections
      treated according to a modified cupric-silver staining technique. Nuclei and
      fiber tracts of px auditory and vestibular systems were extensively degenerated;
      control brains showed essentially no degeneration. A second experiment was
      conducted with preseizure chicks to determine whether and to what extent
      degeneration occurs prior to seizure onset. Deep nuclei of px cerebellum appeared
      to be the first seriously affected (5 days of age). Extent of degeneration
      progressed steadily over time through 20 days of age, by which time all
      components of the two sensory systems were maximally affected. Ambient noise did
      not affect onset or extent of degeneration, nor did it affect onset of seizures.

PMID- 6824949
TI  - Allocortical afferent connections of the prefrontal cortex in the cat.
AB  - Afferent connections of the prefrontal cortex of the cat arising in allocortical
      regions have been investigated using the horseradish peroxidase retrograde
      transport technique. Our results demonstrate the existence of projections from
      the olfactory peduncle, anterior and posterior prepiriform cortices, cortico
      amygdaloid transition area, entorhinal cortex, ventral, caudal and dorsal
      subiculum and postsubiculum to the prefrontal cortex.

PMID- 6824950
TI  - Non-oriented cells of the striate cortex activated during smooth pursuit eye
      movements and steady fixations in behaving monkeys.
AB  - Extracellular recordings were carried out in the primary visual cortex of
      behaving monkeys. Neurons were activated by moving a visual stimulus on their
      receptive fields during periods of steady fixation and by moving their receptive
      fields (smooth pursuit eye movements) on a motionless visual stimulus. Regarding
      non-oriented cells, they turned out to be activated by the visual stimulation
      both during steady fixations and smooth pursuit eye movements. Therefore, the non
      oriented cells we studied seem not to receive an extraretinal signal related to
      the slow eye movements.

PMID- 6824951
TI  - Bidirectional transfer of electrical and carbachol kindling.
AB  - In two experiments rats were kindled by electrical stimulation or the infusion of
      carbachol, and subsequently rekindled by carbachol or electrical stimulation,
      respectively, in the amygdala. The rats that previously had been kindled using
      one agent kindled significantly faster and displayed significantly stronger
      seizures when rekindled using the other agent. These results are consistent with
      the idea that cholinoceptive neurons may normally participate in electrical
      kindling of the amygdala although such participation does not appear to be
      crucial.

PMID- 6824952
TI  - A potential error in modifications of the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique.
AB  - Although the technique developed by Sokoloff et al. employing [14C]2-deoxyglucose
      as tracer, provides measurements of local cerebral glucose utilization, various
      modifications of the original technique are presently in widespread use. We have
      examined the validity of a crucial simplifying assumption which is an integral
      feature of many of these modifications; namely, that all the radioisotope in the
      CNS at the moment of sacrifice is present as 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. By
      employing the kinetic model developed by Sokoloff et al. and arterial plasma
      [14C]2-deoxyglucose and glucose histories, the proportion of total radioactivity
      present in the CNS as unphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose was calculated and found to
      vary from 5 to 50% of the total amount of isotope present in the CNS under
      different experimental conditions. It can be shown to be dependent upon (a) the
      rate of cerebral glucose utilization, (b) the time which elapses from
      administration of the radioisotope until the sacrifice, (c) the route by which
      the isotope is administered, and (d) arterial plasma glucose levels. Thus,
      modifications of the original 2-deoxyglucose technique have introduced a
      potential source of error which is not a feature of the approach of Sokoloff and
      his associates.

PMID- 6824953
TI  - Discharge patterns of reticulospinal neurons corresponding with quadrupedal leg
      movements in thalamic cats.
AB  - To analyze the discharge patterns of the reticulospinal (R-S) neurons associated
      with four-limb movement, we recorded the unit spikes of 108 R-S neurons in 18
      thalamic cats. (1) Unit spikes of R-S neurons exhibited alternating firings
      during leg movements, not only stepping on the treadmill but also upon passive
      flexion and extension movement by the experimenter's hand. (2) R-S neurons
      manifested firing patterns associated with diagonal, reciprocal and quadrupedal
      leg movements. About half of the neurons showed reciprocal patterns upon
      bilateral forelimb movements; spikes were increased when the ipsilateral forelimb
      was in a backward position; they were decreased when that leg was in a forward
      position. In contrast, the spikes were increased when the contralateral forelimb
      was placed forward and decreased when it was backward. About 15% of the R-S
      neurons showed discharge patterns correlated with quadrupedal leg movements.
      Firing increased when the left forelimb and right hindlimb were placed backward
      and the left hindlimb and right forelimb were forward. In contrast, when the
      position of all 4 limbs was reversed, firing rates decreased. (3) When brief
      touch stimulation was applied to the skin around the leg, bursting spikes were
      obtained; these were suppressed upon touching the skin of the contralateral limb.
      Even after transection of the muscle nerves, alternating firings were observed.
      (4) Local anesthesia to the shoulder joint resulted in a marked reduction of
      spontaneous discharges and alternating firings. (5) Our results indicate that
      afferents of joints and of cutaneous origins in individual limbs ascend to the
      brainstem reticular formation, that integrative action is organized as pattern
      generation in that region, and that this patterned information is sent to the
      spinal cord via the reticulospinal tracts.

PMID- 6824954
TI  - Electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus increases cerebral
      cortical blood flow without change in local metabolism: evidence for an intrinsic
      system in brain for primary vasodilation.
AB  - We sought to determine whether the increase in regional cerebral blood flow
      (rCBF) elicited by electrical stimulation of the fastigial nucleus of the
      cerebellum (FN) is secondary to, or independent of, increased local cerebral
      metabolism (rGMR) in anesthetized (chloralose) paralyzed rats. rCBF and rGMR were
      determined autoradiographically in separate groups of animals with comparable
      blood gases and systemic pressure, by the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2
      deoxyglucose methods respectively. In sham-operated controls, rCBF (n = 5) and
      rGMR (n = 5) were closely related in the 28 brain areas studied (r = 0.733; P
      less than 0.005). During FN stimulation, rCBF (n = 6) increased significantly in
      24 of the 28 areas, the greatest increase being in the cerebral cortex (up to
      215%). rGMR (n = 9) increased in only 15 areas, so that the correlation between
      rCBF and rGMR throughout the brain became weaker (r = 0.568; P less than 0.005).
      Where the rCBF increases were the greatest (particularly in the cerebral cortex),
      rGMR was unchanged. This suggests that the rCBF increase was not a consequence of
      the increased rGMR. We conclude that neurons originating in or passing through FN
      may influence local cerebral circulation through a primary cerebral
      vasodilatation not coupled to metabolism.

PMID- 6824955
TI  - A [14C]2-deoxyglucose analysis of the functional neural pathways of the limbic
      forebrain in the rat. I. The amygdala.

PMID- 6824956
TI  - The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. I. Hairy skin.

PMID- 6824957
TI  - The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. II. Vermilion border and mucosa
      of lip.

PMID- 6824958
TI  - Thoracic esophageal mechanoreceptors connected with fibers following sympathetic
      pathways.
AB  - The existence of splanchnic mechanoreceptors was demonstrated in the esophagus
      including the lower esophageal sphincter of anesthetized cats. For this purpose,
      unitary activities were recorded in T9, T10 and T11 spinal ganglia by means of
      extracellular glass microelectrodes. Two types of receptors were evidenced
      according to their location: the muscular and the serosal receptors. The muscular
      mechanoreceptors usually exhibited a weak spontaneous discharge (0.8-18 imp/sec)
      and adapted slowly to mechanical stimulations (distension, contraction, digital
      compression). The potent physiological stimulus resulted in distension for the
      receptors situated in the thoracic esophagus and contraction for the receptors
      located in the lower esophageal sphincter. The serosal mechanoreceptors were
      always silent and belonged to the rapidly adapting type. They responded mainly to
      touching the serous membrane, but strong distension or stretching was sometimes
      efficient. A comparison with the vagal receptors already described in this region
      is drawn, and the role of splanchnic mechanoreceptors is discussed.

PMID- 6824959
TI  - Neurons of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: a golgi study in the rat.
AB  - Neuronal morphology in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) was studied
      using Golgi techniques. The principal neurons of the lateral subdivision of BST
      have ovoid perikarya and 4-5 dendrites that branch several times and exhibit a
      dense covering of spines. Adjacent to the internal capsule is a small region,
      termed the "juxtacapsular subdivision" of BST, that consists of small, spiny
      cells. Neurons of the medial subdivision of BST have ovoid perikarya and 2-3
      dendrites that branch sparingly. Dendritic spine density varies from sparse to
      moderate. Dendrites in the dorsocaudal portion of the medial subdivision extend
      into a cell-sparse zone adjacent to the lateral ventricle. Cells in the lateral
      portion of the preoptic continuation of BST have dendrites oriented perpendicular
      to fibers of the stria terminalis which traverse this area while medially located
      cells are oriented parallel to fibers of the stria. Axons of BST neurons emit
      collaterals that arborize modestly near the cell of origin. Neurons in the
      lateral and medial subdivisions of BST resemble, respectively, cells in the
      lateral and medial subdivisions of the central amygdaloid nucleus. Neurons in the
      juxtacapsular subdivision of BST are similar to neurons of the intercalated
      masses of the amygdala.

PMID- 6824960
TI  - Effects of yohimbine and tolazoline on isoproterenol and angiotensin II-induced
      water intake in rats.
AB  - Subcutaneous administration of the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, yohimbine
      and tolazoline, at doses up to 1000 micrograms/kg, had no effect on water intake
      of female rats. However, when these compounds were administered SC in combination
      with either the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, isoproterenol (10 to 25
      micrograms/kg, SC), or with angiotensin II (200 micrograms/kg, SC), water intake
      was enhanced. In contrast, intraventricular administration of either tolazoline
      (10 and 20 micrograms/kg) or yohimbine (300 micrograms/kg) failed to augment the
      dipsogenic response to angiotensin II (150 micrograms/kg, SC). Thus, the
      enhancing effect of these alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonists on isoproterenol-
      and angiotensin II-induced water intakes appears to be manifested peripherally,
      rather than centrally. In view of the fact that clonidine, an alpha 2
      adrenoreceptor agonist, has been shown to inhibit water intake induced by both
      isoproterenol and angiotensin II, the results suggest that the alpha 2
      adrenoreceptor may play a role in modulating water intake induced by these two
      dipsogenic agents.

PMID- 6824961
TI  - Effects of brainstem lesions on tonic immobility in the rabbit (Oryctolagus
      cuniculus).
AB  - Lesions were placed in discrete brainstem areas implicated in the generation of
      both tonic immobility (T1) and paradoxical sleep (PS) to examine postulated state
      and event correspondences between these states in the rabbit. Lesions were
      concentrated in the region of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC)-an area implicated
      in the mediation of muscular atonia during PS-but also included other reticular
      (pontine gigantocellular tegmental field: FTG), and nonreticular (vestibular,
      cerebellar, central grey, collicular) areas. Polygraphic recordings of EEG, EMG
      and EOG activities were taken during sleep-waking states and measures of the TI
      response were obtained before (1 day prior) and after (5 and 14 days) lesions
      were made. None of the lesions was followed by a sustained, significant variation
      in either frequency of induction or duration of TI. Following LC lesions, and to
      a lesser extent after FTG lesions, sleep patterns were fragmented, with a
      reduction or absence of PS and the occurrence of phasic motor activation at times
      when PS periods might be expected to occur. The absence of PS and persistence of
      TI following specific brainstem lesions indicate a fundamental difference in
      mechanisms underlying these states. It is suggested that a major determinant of
      these results is the activation of phasic activity during PS but not TI, and that
      the possibility remains that both states may share a common mechanism of tonic
      motor control.

PMID- 6824962
TI  - Effects of discrete lesions of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic
      area or other medial preoptic regions on the sexual behavior of male rats.
AB  - The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the rat medial preoptic area (SDN-POA) has a
      volume five times larger in the adult male compared with that of the adult
      female. In the present study, the effects of discrete electrolytic destruction of
      the SDN-POA or other specific medial preoptic (MPOA) regions on masculine sexual
      behavior were determined in adult, sexually experienced male rats. Small lesions
      encompassing the SDN-POA had no effect on the maintenance of copulatory behavior.
      Lesions of similar size placed within the ventral or anterio-dorsal MPOA also did
      not consistently affect the display of masculine sexual behavior. However,
      animals that received small lesions within their dorsal MPOA showed a
      substantial, long-term decrease in number of mounts, intromissions, and
      ejaculations compared to these parameters in sham-lesioned control rats, thus
      indicating a lesion-induced disruption of those neural mechanisms mediating these
      behaviors. Collectively these data suggest that the SDN-POA is not critical for a
      full expression of male sexual behavior and that the dorsal MPOA may be more
      important than other MPOA regions for copulatory behavior.

PMID- 6824963
TI  - Distribution of angiotensinogen in Brattleboro rat brain.
AB  - Angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensin II, was quantitated in 46 brain
      regions of Brattleboro rats, which lack antidiuretic hormone, and Long-Evans
      control rats. The regional distribution of angiotensinogen in the two strains was
      similar except for a small number of areas which in the Brattleboro rats
      displayed significant decreases; namely, lateral preoptic area, medial basal
      hypothalamus, medial dorsal hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, lateral
      mammillary bodies, periaquaductal gray and substantia nigra. Additionally,
      angiotensinogen in the posterior pituitary was significantly elevated in the
      Brattleboro strain. These results indicate that angiotensinogen is present in the
      Brattleboro rat brain and that hereditary deficiency of the ability to synthesize
      antidiuretic hormone may be associated with a localized alteration in
      angiotensinogen concentration.

PMID- 6824964
TI  - Pineal and habenula innervation altered by septal lesions.
AB  - Septal lesions result in a measurable increase in sympathetic innervation of the
      hippocampus. The cell bodies of origin of these sympathetic fibers reside in the
      superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which also projects to the pineal gland and
      medial habenula. If the SCG neurons which project to the pineal are the same
      neurons which sprout into the hippocampus after septal lesions, a common cell
      body reaction might mediate changes in innervation of the pineal. If cholinergic
      denervation is the principal trigger of hippocampal sprouting, a similar response
      might be observed in habenula which is also innervated cholinergically from
      septal area neurons. Pineal and medial habenula innervation were quantified using
      a new microfluorometric method at 20 post-lesion intervals following septal
      lesions. Changes in intensity and density of innervation were correlated with
      time in days after the lesions. Pineal intensity, pineal density, and habenula
      intensity exhibited statistically significant correlations with time in days
      after septal lesions. These changes occurred during the growth of
      sympathohippocampal fibers. The data suggest that a common cell body reaction
      mediated the changes in pineal and the sympathetic sprouting in the hippocampus.

PMID- 6824965
TI  - Effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on the visual evoked potentials in the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Effects of acute and chronic administration of phencyclidine (PCP) on both
      neocortical and subcortical visual potentials (VEPs) and on spontaneous EEGs were
      studied in the rhesus monkeys with permanently implanted brain electrodes. VEPs
      were evoked by brief single photo-stimulator flashes (0.8 pps. 10 microsec
      duration). Injection of PCP (0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg doses, IV) in monkeys produced a
      significant inhibition on the peak-amplitude of major VEP components
      predominantly in the occipital lobe and hippocampus. The PCP-induced VEP
      inhibition persisted in the presence of occipital and hippocampal theta
      activities. Nystagmus persisted throughout the 6 to 8 hours course of PCP-induced
      behavior. A biphasic pattern of inhibitory and excitatory effects on EEGs and
      behavior was also observed during the 6 to 8 hours observation period. Chronic
      administration of PCP (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg dose IV daily) produced a significant
      decrease in its inhibitory effects on VEPs, suggesting tolerance development to
      the inhibitory effect on VEPs. The results suggest that the hippocampus has
      important implications in the modulation of PCP effects on CNS activities related
      to the visual function of the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 6824966
TI  - Thermosensitive characteristics of a preoptic area neuron recorded over a 20 day
      period in the rabbit.
AB  - The thermosensitive characteristics of a single preoptic area neuron were
      monitored over a period of twenty days from a rabbit fitted with chronic
      recording electrodes. No demonstrable daily changes were detected in either the
      basal firing rate or the mean interspike interval during control recordings. Only
      minor daily variations were observed in thermosensitivity (impulses-second/degree
      C) and in the interspike interval coefficient of variation for this neuron in
      response to preoptic heating and cooling with a water-perfused thermode. When
      measured during early morning, early afternoon and at late night,
      thermosensitivity remained constant and showed no apparent circadian rhythm. The
      results from this single thermosensitive preoptic area neuron suggest that in
      spite of circadian rhythms of body temperature and other physiological
      parameters, some thermoregulatory neurons retain fixed temperature sensitive
      properties under conditions of stable ambient temperature.

PMID- 6824967
TI  - Ipsilateral retinal projections in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.
AB  - Ipsilateral retinal projections were investigated in Japanese quails by means of
      the Fink-Heimer method after retinal extirpation, and by means of direct
      injection of horseradish peroxidase or cobalt ion-tophoresis into the optic
      nerve. Ipsilateral projections were found in the nucleus lateralis anterior
      thalami, nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami pars lateralis, nucleus
      geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali pars
      magnocellularis and nucleus ectomamillaris. No ipsilateral retino-tectal
      projections were observed.

PMID- 6824968
TI  - Connections of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) I. Substantia nigra
      afferents.
AB  - These studies were designed to determine whether or not substantia nigra (SN)
      neurons project to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). An attempt was made
      to activate SN neurons antidromically from the same site which induced locomotion
      on a treadmill following a precollicular-postmammillary transection in the same
      animal. Less than 10% of posterior SN neurons were activated antidromically from
      the physiologically-identified MLR. These results support previous anatomical
      findings describing a sparse projection from the SN to the MLR [5]. Locomotion on
      a treadmill was elicited at low current strengths (20-50 muA) from an area around
      the cuneiform nucleus in the posterior mesencephalon. This area included the
      lateral central gray, mesencephalic trigeminal root, dorsal brachium conjunctivum
      and nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (NTPP) and perhaps anterodorsal locus
      coeruleus. Stimulation of the area just described induced a complete stepping
      cycle with a flexion phase and a three-part extension phase. Stimulation of the
      posterior SN produced spastic locomotion on a treadmill at higher current
      strengths (70 muA) in cats with a precollicular-postmammillary transection.

PMID- 6824969
TI  - A non-thalamic olfactory pathway to the orbital gyrus in the cat.
AB  - Extracellular unit responses were recorded from the cortical layer of the orbital
      gyrus following stimulation of the piriform cortex fronting on that gyrus. The
      responses were obtained only from the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus. The
      responses were presynaptic axon and postsynaptic soma spikes with latencies of
      about 4 and 4.8 msec, respectively. When the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus was
      stimulated, antidromic responses with a latency of about 4.4 msec were recorded
      from the superficial and deep soma layers of the piriform cortex. Following
      injections of horseradish peroxidase into the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus,
      labeled cells were found in the piriform cortex, the lateral, basolateral and
      central amygdaloid nuclei, and the prelimbic area. These results indicate that
      the piriform cortex projects directly to part of the orbital gyrus by way of
      association fiber pathways.

PMID- 6824970
TI  - Caudal neurosecretory system synaptic morphology following deafferentation: an
      electron microscopic degeneration study.
AB  - The caudal neurosecretory system of Poecilia sphenops (molly) is an isolated
      population of neurosecretory cells located in the caudal most aspect of the
      teleost spinal cord. The structure of this neuroendocrine system is favorable for
      studies on the synaptic control of neurosecretory mechanisms. Little is known
      about the detailed synaptology of the system. Morphological and
      electrophysiological reports have shown that the caudal neurosecretory system is
      linked to higher brain centers by descending spinal projections. To examine the
      synaptology of the descending synaptic input, surgical deafferentation was
      performed by microsuction removal of a segment of spinal cord rostral to the
      caudal system. The degeneration of axon terminals was studied at various times
      following deafferentation and compared to control synaptology. Based on vesicle
      content and morphology, three axon terminal types were found in the caudal
      neurosecretory system. These terminals formed axosomatic, axodendritic, and
      axoaxonic synaptic contacts. Following deafferentation, axon terminals with dense
      cored vesicles and boutons with round clear vesicles degenerated as evidenced by
      the electron dense dark reaction and the electron lucent reaction respectively.
      This suggested that at least two different types of axon terminals arise from the
      descending projection to the caudal neurosecretory system and that two different
      neurotransmitters may be influencing the neurosecretory activity of these cells.

PMID- 6824971
TI  - Dopaminergic cell differentiation in the developing chick retina.
AB  - The distribution and morphology of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the chick retina
      was studied in the course of development. Fluorescent DA cells were first
      detected on the 13th day of incubation. They were always found in positions two
      or three cell rows externally from the junction between the inner plexiform layer
      (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). On the 14th day, DA cells were found in the
      innermost row of the INL. Subsequently their processes extended not only
      bilaterally along the IPL-INL junction but also vertically into the IPL. As a
      result, three fiber layers were formed as laminae 1, 3 and 5 in the IPL. In the
      newly-hatched chick retina, a number of growth cone-like fluorescent structures
      with fine spikes were seen at the IPL-INL junction, indicating that DA fibers
      were still growing and elongating at least at hatching. On the 4th postnatal day,
      the ramification of dendritic processes was very prominent and they often showed
      a spiral configuration.

PMID- 6824972
TI  - [Dietetics and other possibilities of affecting osteoporosis].

PMID- 6824973
TI  - [Congenital defects of the heart and clinico-genetic units of monogenic
      character].

PMID- 6824974
TI  - [Diseases of the urinary tract as a risk factor for pregnancy and for the newborn
      infant].

PMID- 6824975
TI  - [The effect of cortisol on intracranial pressure and asphyxic edema in the chick
      embryo].

PMID- 6824976
TI  - [Changes in membrane potentials and resistance of muscle membranes in the
      crayfish Astacus fluviatilis induced by changes in pH].

PMID- 6824977
TI  - [Analysis of differences in motility in various parts of the colon in the dog].

PMID- 6824978
TI  - [Complications of permanent cardiostimulation in children].

PMID- 6824979
TI  - [Blood pressure and subjective difficulties in Bratislava university students].

PMID- 6824981
TI  - [SPOFA-test and Nitriphan in diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children].

PMID- 6824982
TI  - [Retrocaval ureter].

PMID- 6824980
TI  - [Reoperations after complete correction of Fallot's tetralogy].

PMID- 6824983
TI  - [Contribution to the methodology of systolic time intervals].

PMID- 6824984
TI  - Colour coding of drug labels.

PMID- 6824985
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of midazolam and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia
      in ill surgical patients.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of midazolam (0.15 mg kg-1) and thiopentone (3.0 mg kg
      1) were compared during induction of anaesthesia in 20 American Society of
      Anesthesiologists class III patients. In patients given thiopentone (N = 11),
      cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and systemic vascular
      resistance all decreased significantly over the course of the study period; mean
      right atrial pressure rose slightly, and stroke volume remained the same.
      Patients receiving midazolam (N = 9) experienced similar haemodynamic changes
      which were significant relative to baseline only for the fall in mean arterial
      pressure and the rise in mean right atrial pressure at ten minutes. There were no
      significant differences between the two groups. Midazolam thus appears to be at
      least as acceptable an induction agent as thiopentone in ill patients, from a
      haemodynamic point of view.

PMID- 6824986
TI  - Continuous airway pressure with oxygen minimizes the metabolic lesion of 'pump
      lung'.
AB  - Water distribution and energy status of the lung were measured in ten rabbits at
      two hours of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with left heart venting and
      incision of the parietal pleurae. During CPB, half the animals had their airways
      open to room air at ambient atmospheric pressure (ZEEP), and the remainder had
      their lungs inflated (CPAP) at a pressure of 5 cms H2O with the oxygen-enriched
      (70-75 per cent) gas mixture exiting from the disc oxygenator. In both the ZEEP
      and CPAP groups, there was more than doubling of the pulmonary extravascular
      sodium-free water (intracellular) space and reciprocal reduction of the pulmonary
      extravascular sodium (extracellular) space, compared with 12 control animals not
      undergoing CPB. In the ZEEP group, there was an 18-fold increase in the pulmonary
      lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio compared with controls, and the pulmonary energy
      charge (E.C.) was significantly less than in controls (0.74 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.89 +/-
      0.01). In the CPAP group the pulmonary L/P ratio was 2 1/2 times control values
      and the pulmonary E.C. was virtually identical with that of the control group.
      These data suggest that CPB results in a shift of fluid from the pulmonary
      interstitium into the pulmonary intracellular compartment with no net increase in
      total pulmonary extravascular water. The data also suggest that pulmonary
      deflation during CPB results in a significant pulmonary energy deficit which can
      be prevented by keeping the lung inflated with an oxygen-enriched gas mixture
      during CPB.

PMID- 6824987
TI  - Modification by halogenated anaesthetics of chronotropic response during reversal
      of neuromuscular blockade.
AB  - The effect of halothane and enflurane on changes in heart rate during reversal of
      neuromuscular block was compared in 48 adult patients. Premedication and
      anaesthetic technique were standardized. Either halothane or enflurane was the
      primary anaesthetic while pancuronium was used in all patients to achieve muscle
      relaxation. Ventilation was mechanically controlled and PaCO2 was between 30-40
      mmHg. The neuromuscular block was reversed by an intravenous injection of
      atropine 1.2 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg, given either separately or
      simultaneously, in different patient subgroups. Heart rate changes were
      significantly different between the halothane and enflurane groups. In general,
      reversal of neuromuscular block was accompanied by less fluctuations in heart
      rate after enflurane as compared to halothane anaesthesia. Simultaneous injection
      of atropine and neostigmine modified the tachycardiac response in the halothane
      sub-group only. Our observations suggest that use of enflurane offers an
      advantage over halothane in those patients in whom rapid fluctuations in heart
      rate during reversal of neuromuscular block may be dangerous.

PMID- 6824988
TI  - A simple classification of the risk in cardiac surgery.
AB  - A new risk classification for patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been used
      for the last two years by the anaesthesiologists of the Montreal Heart Institute.
      The following factors known to be associated with a greater operative morbidity
      and mortality were selected: (1) poor left ventricular function, (2) congestive
      heart failure, (3) unstable angina or recent (less than 6 weeks) myocardial
      infarction, (4) age over 65 years, (5) severe obesity (Body Mass Index greater
      than 30), (6) reoperation, (7) emergency surgery, (8) other significant or
      uncontrolled systemic disturbances. Patients with none of the above factors were
      classified as normal risks; those presenting with one of those selected factors
      were classified as increased risks, and those with more than one factor were said
      to carry a high risk. In a prospective study of 500 consecutive open-heart
      surgery patients classified according to this method, we found that the operated
      population at normal risk (50 per cent of cases) had a mortality of 0.4 per cent,
      the patient group with increased risk (32 per cent of cases) had a mortality of
      3.1 per cent, and the high risk group (18 per cent of cases) had a 12.2 per cent
      mortality. Furthermore, 50 deaths following open-heart surgery were assessed
      retrospectively using the classification; 58 per cent of these patients were
      classified as high risk, 34 per cent had an increased risk, and only eight per
      cent were found to be in the normal risk group. Thus, this new risk
      classification has proven to be a reliable and useful tool for preoperative
      assessment of patients undergoing open-heart surgery and for teaching purposes.

PMID- 6824989
TI  - Low thoracic epidural anaesthesia for elective cholecystectomy in a patient with
      congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - A 52-year-old male with pulmonary hypertension secondary to partial anomalous
      pulmonary venous return unassociated with atrial septal defect was given thoracic
      epidural anaesthesia for elective cholecystectomy. Partial anomalous pulmonary
      venous return is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by increased pulmonary
      blood flow which in severe cases results in pulmonary hypertension subjecting the
      right ventricle to strain. An epidural catheter was placed at the T11-T12
      interspace and anaesthesia was established to the T4 dermatomal level with
      bupivacaine (180 mg) and lidocaine (100 mg). Central venous pressure, pulmonary
      artery pressure, radial artery pressure, and cardiac output were monitored. There
      was minimal change in pulmonary arterial pressure, although there was a
      significant drop in systemic arterial pressure. Thoracic epidural block is
      recommended for upper abdominal surgery in clinical situations with pulmonary
      hypertension.

PMID- 6824990
TI  - Postpartum stroke successfully treated with high-dose pentobarbitone therapy: a
      case report.
AB  - A case is presented of a primigravida with severe preeclampsia who, 24 hours
      after delivery, became hemiparetic and deeply comatose due to acute ischaemia of
      the left cerebral hemisphere. She was treated with high-dose pentobarbitone
      therapy when conventional treatment to control raised ICP had failed. A loading
      dose of pentobarbitone 400 mg (5 mg/kg) was followed by a continuous infusion of
      1.0 to 2.5 mg/kg/hour. Withdrawal of the barbiturate after four days of therapy
      resulted in a rise in ICP above 20 mmHg which necessitated resumption of the
      drug. After an additional eight days of pentobarbitone therapy with normal ICP
      values the infusion was discontinued without any change in ICP. The patient made
      an excellent recovery with no neurologic deficit. The specific pathophysiologic
      features of pre-eclampsia which were encountered in the patient are detailed. The
      potential problems which may arise in the pre-eclamptic patient who requires
      intensive care in the puerperium are emphasised.

PMID- 6824991
TI  - Obstetric update: antepartum assessment of the foetus and its environment.

PMID- 6824992
TI  - Intrapartum foetal monitoring.

PMID- 6824993
TI  - Eliminating infection of fabric grafts.

PMID- 6824994
TI  - The two-step management of breast cancer.

PMID- 6824995
TI  - Systemic thermochemotherapy in a rat model.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of systemic hyperthermia,
      with and without Adriamycin, on two rat tumour models. Fischer rats were
      implanted subcutaneously with either a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma or a
      transitional cell carcinoma. In the first experiment, 32 rats with tumour volumes
      of 1 cm3 were divided into four groups of 8 rats receiving: (a) Adriamycin alone
      (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) (group 1), (b) systemic hyperthermia alone (water
      bath immersion to a rectal temperature of 41.5 degrees C for 30 minutes) (group
      2), (c) Adriamycin and systemic hyperthermia (group 3) or (d) immersion in water
      bath at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes (control group) (group 4). Serial tumour
      volume and animal survival were monitored. No differences were seen among the
      groups in either tumour system. In a second experiment, an identical protocol was
      used except that each animal received its respective treatment three times, at
      weekly intervals. In the rats implanted with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma,
      tumour volume was lower in group 3 than in control group 4, beginning at day 23
      (37.5 +/- 8.2 cm3 vs. 52.3 +/- 9.6 cm3 [p less than 0.05]). Systemic hyperthermia
      or Adriamycin alone did not alter tumour growth in relation to the control group.
      In the transitional cell carcinoma system, tumour volume was decreased in both
      groups 1 and 3 at day 35 (group 1 = 32 +/- 5.4 cm3, group 3 = 28.1 +/- 12 cm3 vs.
      group 4 = 48.8 +/- 9 cm3 [p less than 0.05 for each]). Adriamycin with systemic
      hyperthermia was no more effective than Adriamycin alone. Tumour growth was
      similar in groups 2 and 4. These data demonstrate that multiple treatments with
      Adriamycin and systemic hyperthermia were effective in decreasing the rate of
      tumour growth in rat tumour models, whereas a single exposure had no effect.

PMID- 6824996
TI  - Preventing acetylsalicylic acid damage to human gastric mucosa by use of
      prostaglandin E2.
AB  - To determine the lowest dose of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) capable of preventing the
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced fall in the gastric transmucosal potential
      difference, six healthy men (mean age 24 years) were studied on 5 separate days,
      in random sequence. In the control experiment, 100 ml of 140 mM hydrochloric acid
      was instilled five times into the stomach for 15 minutes each time, during which
      the transmucosal potential difference was measured continuously. In the test
      experiments, 20 mM ASA plus PGE2 in doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg were added to
      the control solution during the second and third instillations. The mean control
      potential difference (+/- standard error) was -50 +/- 2 mV. During the
      administration of ASA there was a 25% reduction in the potential difference; this
      change was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). With all three doses of
      PGE2 the fall in potential difference was prevented. The results demonstrate that
      ASA damage to human gastric mucosa can be prevented entirely by concurrent
      administration of as little as 100 micrograms of PGE2. This supports the view
      that mucosal protection is a physiologic function of PGE2.

PMID- 6824997
TI  - Randomized trial of elective highly selective or truncal vagotomy in chronic
      duodenal ulceration.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1976, 153 patients (124 men, 29 women) with uncomplicated,
      chronic, duodenal ulcer were entered into a prospective randomized trial of
      highly selective vagotomy (HSV) or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP). The
      study was conducted in four Manchester hospitals and the operations were
      performed by consultants or chief registrars. The follow-up was conducted by
      personal interview using a standardized questionnaire. The medical
      gastroenterologist did not know which type of operation the patient had had. The
      patients who had symptoms were referred back to the surgeon who performed the
      operation. The clinical laboratory and follow-up data were analysed by computer.
      There were no operative deaths. Three patients died from unrelated causes, 13
      were lost to follow-up; 137 (89.5%) were followed up for a mean of 4.1 years
      (range from 2.5 to 5.5 years). A modified Visick grading was used to assess the
      results of surgery. The outcome was good in 82% after TVP and 73% after HSV. This
      difference and those in the incidences of early or late postprandial dumping,
      bilious vomiting, weight loss, anemia and heartburn were not significant.
      Diarrhea was more frequent after TVP (13.4%) than after HSV (1.4%); although the
      difference was significant (p less than 0.025), this complaint did not present a
      serious clinical problem. Ulcers recurred in 15 (21.4%) patients following HSV
      and in 5 (7.5%) after TVP; this difference was statistically significant (p less
      than 0.05).

PMID- 6824998
TI  - Primary perineal wound closure following excision of the rectum.
AB  - Management of the perineal wound following rectal excision was assessed in 57
      patients at the Toronto General Hospital; 40 had ulcerative colitis, 4 had
      Crohn's disease, 10 had carcinoma of the rectum, 2 had carcinoma of the anus and
      1 had anal incontinence. The preferred technique was careful anatomical
      dissection with meticulous hemostasis, and primary skin closure with a laterally
      placed closed Hemovac suction system. Alternatively, wounds were packed and
      allowed to heal secondarily. Overall, the perineal wound healed primarily in 41
      patients (72%). Primary closure was possible in 50 patients (88%); in 41 (82%)
      the wound healed without complication but in 9 (18%) the wound had to be opened
      because of hematoma and abscess (8 patients) or bleeding (1 patient). In 41 (91%)
      of the 44 patients with inflammatory bowel disease the perineal wound was closed
      primarily; 34 wounds (83%) healed without complication. In seven patients the
      perineal wound was packed at surgery because of bleeding (four), fecal spillage
      (two) or sepsis (one). Healing time averaged 6 months. These results indicate
      that primary closure is the optimal management of perineal wounds. Primary
      healing is achieved in a high proportion of patients and postoperative morbidity
      is decreased. Results are excellent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
      as well as in those with carcinoma.

PMID- 6824999
TI  - Effective liver blood flow: determination by galactose clearance.
AB  - Effective liver blood flow is the portion of total flow that perfuses functional
      sinusoids and is available for metabolic exchange. Clearance of galactose from
      blood at concentrations below 10 mg/dl (0.555 mmol/l) measures this index and is
      calculated during continuous infusion of 5% D-galactose at a rate of 50 mg/min.
      The low galactose concentrations are measured accurately by a new fluorometric
      assay, which gives a precision +/- 0.2 mg/dl (0.011 mmol/l). In healthy people,
      plasma galactose clearance was 1366 +/- 172 ml/min, and hepatic extraction was
      95%. Clearance in cirrhotics depends on the stage of their disease: in a stable
      group of patients with advanced cirrhosis, clearance was 835 +/- 87 ml/min with
      hepatic extraction ranging from 60% to 95%. The day-to-day coefficient of
      variation was 4.5%. Direct comparison with flow-probe liver blood flow measured
      in 11 normal dogs showed that galactose clearance was not significantly
      different. These findings support the hypothesis that galactose clearance
      correlates with effective liver blood flow.

PMID- 6825000
TI  - Predicting outcome after endorectal ileoanal anastomosis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether anorectal manometry could predict
      clinical outcome after closure of a diverting ileostomy made at the time of
      colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and endorectal ileoanal anastomosis for chronic
      ulcerative colitis. Twenty-two patients were studied, 6 with ileoanal anastomosis
      and 16 with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Resting anal sphincter pressures and
      pressure-volume curves (compliance) of the neorectum were assessed before the
      diverting ileostomy was closed and results were correlated with frequency and
      leakage of stools 1 month after closure. Before stomal closure, the mean (+/-
      standard error of the mean) resting sphincteric pressure was 44 +/- 5 cm H2O,
      while neorectal compliance was 2.3 +/- 0.3 ml/cm H2O. One month later daily stool
      frequency was 12 +/- 1, while severe leakage occurred in four patients during the
      day and in eight at night. The greater the sphincteric pressure and the
      compliance, the fewer were the number of stools per day (p less than 0.01). When
      pressure and compliance were considered together as an index of anorectal
      function, the correlation of stool frequency and leakage was even stronger (p
      less than 0.001). The authors conclude that anorectal manometry can predict early
      clinical outcome after ileoanal anastomosis.

PMID- 6825001
TI  - High intermuscular anal abscess and fistula: analysis of 25 cases.
AB  - Although the majority of anal abscesses and fistulas are of the simple or low
      variety (intersphincteric or transsphincteric in Parks' classification), some of
      the simple, but high intermuscular, type are not recognized clinically and are
      not properly treated because they do not present the usual visible signs.
      Characteristically, there is no external swelling, induration or opening and
      there is high extension with a palpable mass or induration above the levator ani.
      Out of 350 patients with anal abscesses and fistulas treated by the first author,
      25 (7%) patients had a high intermuscular abscess. Of these 25, 14 (56%) had a
      history of anal problems. Eight of these 14 had undergone anorectal surgery
      previously, and in 3 laparotomy was added, 2 being left with a diverting
      colostomy. On the other hand, 11 (44%) patients had no previous anal
      manifestation and 9 of them presented with an acute abscess. All patients had a
      palpable mass or induration above the levator ani and in all but one a primary
      opening was found on the dentate line. Fistulotomy was done in 22 of the 25 cases
      and incision and drainage into the anorectum in the other 3. The authors conclude
      that for prompt diagnosis and proper treatment the surgeon should be highly
      suspicious of the condition, have a perfect knowledge of the surgical anatomy of
      anal abscesses and fistulas and follow three steps: (a) look for a primary
      opening at the dentate line, (b) pass a cannula from this opening into the cavity
      or induration and (c) divide the circular muscle and internal sphincter until the
      upper end of the tract is reached.

PMID- 6825002
TI  - Effect of repeated delayed hypersensitivity skin tests on skin-test responses.
AB  - To determine whether repeated skin tests can augment a previously weak delayed
      hypersensitivity response or convert previously nonreacting tests and thus yield
      false-positive data, the authors carried out retrospective analysis of 426 skin
      tests on 107 patients who had a mean of 4.3 weekly tests with five recall
      antigens. They also skin tested 10 healthy volunteers weekly for up to 6 weeks.
      Reactions (induration measured in millimetres) were recorded and a regression and
      correlation analysis was carried out. Analysis of variance was used to compare
      reaction means of volunteers for each recall antigen at each time interval. All
      volunteers were reactive to two or more antigens. In the volunteer group there
      was no augmentation of initially reactive antigen responses except for Varidase
      and only after 5 weeks. Of 16 initially negative responses to some antigens in
      this same group, only 3 were converted to reactions of more than 5 mm, all
      responses being to purified protein derivative. No conversion occurred in the
      hospitalized patients. There was no significant correlation between repeated skin
      tests and the delayed hypersensitivity response to the antigens except for
      Candida in the retrospective patient group, up to 160 days from the original skin
      test. The data indicate that there is no augmentation of the delayed
      hypersensitivity response or conversion of initial nonreacting skin tests with
      any of the antigens tested except Candida.

PMID- 6825003
TI  - Prostaglandin cytoprotection and lysosomal stability in acute canine gastric
      erosions.
AB  - Prostaglandin cytoprotection may be related to lysosomal stability. In six
      mongrel dogs, bacterial peritonitis was created by the intraperitoneal
      instillation of Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus
      faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae in addition to canine gallbladder bile. In
      three dogs, gallbladder bile alone was instilled. Three of the six dogs with
      bacterial peritonitis also received 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (0.2
      micrograms/kg intramuscularly q6h) 24 hours before and for 3 days after the
      induction of peritonitis. In the dogs with bacterial peritonitis not receiving
      PGE2, gastroscopic examination demonstrated acute fundic erosions. None of the
      other dogs developed acute gastric erosions. In the dogs with bacterial
      peritonitis not receiving PGE2, fundic mucosal biopsy specimens demonstrated
      decreased lysosomal stability. In the dogs receiving PGE2, lysosomal stability
      was similar to that in the animals with bile peritonitis. These experiments
      demonstrate that PGE2 prevents the development of acute gastric erosions by
      stabilizing lysosomal membranes.

PMID- 6825004
TI  - Surgical treatment of Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome.
AB  - The Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome may be associated with life-threatening or
      disabling tachyarrhythmia, owing to the presence of an atrioventricular accessory
      pathway (Kent bundle). The first division of a Kent bundle was reported in 1969,
      but this surgery is still confined to a few centres. Between September 1981 and
      October 1982, 19 patients (13 men, 6 women) aged 16 to 46 years (mean 25 years)
      with the Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome associated with refractory arrhythmia
      underwent surgery. Kent bundles were localized in the electrophysiology
      laboratory and by intraoperative cardiac mapping. The 19 patients had a total of
      22 distinct Kent bundles. The bundles were divided using open-heart (13 patients)
      or closed-heart (6 patients) technique. All Kent bundles were confirmed as
      nonfunctioning before discharge. A delta wave recurred in two patients. The Kent
      bundle was not functional in one patient. The other is controlled by a drug that
      was previously ineffective. There were no complications or deaths. Kent bundles
      can be divided with minimal morbidity and a high success rate (more than 90%).
      Surgery is indicated in patients with refractory arrhythmias or in young patients
      who would be required to take medication for life.

PMID- 6825005
TI  - Early changes in venous arterial autografts: a scanning electron microscope
      study.
AB  - The use of autogenous vein as an arterial substitute has been advocated for many
      years. Methods of harvesting generally cause spasm of the vein and it has been
      shown that preventing the spasm by applying papaverine improves long-term
      patency. The present study was undertaken to see if the reported long-term
      patency of such grafts was associated with improved short-term appearance of the
      venous endothelium as viewed with the scanning electron microscope. Two groups of
      dogs were studied; those sacrificed at 3 hours and those at 24 hours after
      replacing excised segments of the carotid and femoral arteries with cephalic
      veins. One of the veins was removed in the standard manner allowing spasm
      followed by distension back to its pre-spasm state; in the other, spasm was
      prevented by the topical application of papaverine before removal. The study
      shows that venous endothelial integrity is preserved by the use of papaverine and
      this improved appearance of the endothelium persists for the first 24 hours after
      insertion into an arterial milieu. But the study also demonstrated that there was
      extensive activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes associated with the
      endothelium in the early hours after arterialization and that they appeared to
      have a deleterious effect on the endothelium.

PMID- 6825006
TI  - Cardiac valve surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function.
AB  - Of 316 patients who underwent operation for valvular heart disease at the Toronto
      Western Hospital, between January 1978 and December 1981, 41 (31 men, 10 women),
      ranging in age from 24 to 74 years, had severely impaired left ventricular
      function (ejection fraction less than 40% and left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure more than 18 mm Hg). All 41 patients were in New York Heart Association
      (NYHA) class III or IV. Fourteen patients had disease of the aortic valve, 13 of
      the mitral valve and 14 of both aortic and mitral valves. Twenty-two patients
      also had serious coronary artery disease. The valve dysfunction was corrected in
      all patients by replacement or repair and all severe coronary artery stenoses
      were bypassed with saphenous vein grafts. There were three hospital deaths and
      five late deaths during a mean follow-up of 26 months (range from 6 to 48
      months). All patients improved symptomatically by a least one functional NYHA
      class. The actuarial survival including operative deaths was 79%.

PMID- 6825007
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients with porcine cardiac valve prostheses.

PMID- 6825008
TI  - Malignant transformation in an anal condyloma acuminatum.
AB  - A 61-year-old man had malignant transformation of an anal condyloma acuminatum,
      demonstrated by light and electron microscopic studies. Intranuclear virus-like
      particles were seen in the benign condylomatous koilocytotic cells but these were
      absent in the malignant cells. Multinucleation, syncytial giant cells and nuclear
      atypia in a condyloma acuminatum are considered features of in-situ carcinomatous
      change. Anal condyloma acuminatum requires wide excision and thorough examination
      of anorectal canal in order to exclude hidden disease, which will predispose to
      recurrence. Homosexuality is considered a predisposing factor. The authors stress
      the importance of histopathologic examination of all anorectal warts to exclude
      malignant change.

PMID- 6825010
TI  - Complications of anticoagulant therapy in patients with known central nervous
      system lesions.
AB  - Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy
      is not uncommon. Sometimes this hemorrhage may be the initial presentation of an
      occult lesion of the central nervous system, such as a tumour, vascular
      malformation or infarction. Five such cases, one case of hematomyelia and one
      case of spinal subdural hematoma have been reported in association with proven
      lesions of the central nervous system in patients on anticoagulant therapy. One
      other patient is reported who had malignant melanoma with an asymptomatic brain
      metastasis. Anticoagulant therapy for deep vein thrombosis resulted in a
      spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Patients who have potential central nervous
      system disease on the basis of previous clinical neurologic events and those
      known to harbour a malignant tumour should undergo enhanced computerized axial
      tomography before long-term anticoagulant therapy is begun. Patients with
      confirmed lesions of the central nervous system are at risk of suffering
      hemorrhagic complications and should be monitored very closely during
      anticoagulation. The indications for continuing long-term anticoagulation in
      these patients should be reviewed frequently.

PMID- 6825009
TI  - Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.
AB  - The case of a 30-year-old man with papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is
      presented. This extremely rare lesion is often associated with von Hippel-Lindau
      disease, although in this case there were no such signs or symptoms. The gross
      and microscopic features of this lesion and theories of its origin are reviewed.
      The constant microscopic features are: efferent duct ectasia with papillary
      formation, a lining of cuboidal epithelium, often with clear vacuolated
      cytoplasm, and a stroma of hyalinized fibrous tissue infiltrated by inflammatory
      cells.

PMID- 6825011
TI  - Perforation of a Meckel's diverticulum by a foreign body.
AB  - Perforation of a Meckel's diverticulum by a sharp object often presents with
      subtle nonspecific abdominal findings. A 53-year-old man had features resembling
      acute appendicitis and right ureteral obstruction. At laparotomy a wooden
      toothpick was found perforating a Meckel's diverticulum. The diagnosis of
      complicated Meckel's diverticulum should be considered when there is typical
      right lower quadrant pain or the patient is known to have ingested a sharp
      foreign body. The mortality resulting from perforation is low. The authors
      discuss other complications of Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 6825013
TI  - Role of the porcine bioprosthesis in cardiac valve replacement.

PMID- 6825012
TI  - Diagnosing papillary stenosis by technetium-99m HIDA scanning.
AB  - The diagnosis of papillary stenosis, occasionally seen after cholecystectomy, is
      confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which
      demonstrates delayed emptying of contrast material into the duodenum for more
      than 45 minutes. The authors assessed 2,6-dimethyl phenyl carbamoyl methyl
      iminodiacetic acid labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc HIDA) as a less invasive
      procedure in these circumstances by comparing it with the findings from ERCP.
      Twenty-six patients who had pain after cholecystectomy were studied by continuous
      1-hour scintigraphy after injection of 99mTc HIDA. Biliary flow was estimated by
      measuring uptake and clearance of the entire liver and common bile duct.
      Volunteers who had no pain after cholecystectomy served as controls. Of the 26
      study patients, all 99mTc HIDA scan findings were within the control range in 11.
      Of these, 10 had normal biliary drainage confirmed by ERCP. The one patient with
      delayed drainage did not improve after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Two patients
      demonstrated pooling of 99mTc HIDA in cystic dilatations of the biliary tree,
      while the other 13 patients had obstruction of the distal common bile duct and
      impaired flow demonstrated on the 99mTc HIDA scan. All 13 of these patients had
      papillary stenosis proven by ERCP. The authors conclude that 99mTc HIDA scanning
      is a valuable, minimally invasive method of diagnosing papillary stenosis.

PMID- 6825015
TI  - Ovarian remnant syndrome.

PMID- 6825016
TI  - Rubella immunization.

PMID- 6825014
TI  - In defence of methylene blue in diagnosing gonorrhea.

PMID- 6825017
TI  - Foods for patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 6825018
TI  - Treatment of status epilepticus in adults.
AB  - Status epilepticus is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. General
      treatment is aimed at restoring physiologic homeostasis, and drug therapy is
      aimed at arresting the convulsive activity and preventing its recurrence.
      Concurrent administration of diazepam and either phenytoin or phenobarbital will
      be effective in most cases. After the status epilepticus has been treated the
      underlying cause should be investigated and, if possible, treated.

PMID- 6825019
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine requirements in at-risk hospital personnel: a survey of
      hospitals in Metropolitan Toronto.
AB  - Approximately 50 000 individuals are employed in various hospital-based
      occupations in Metropolitan Toronto. To determine the proportion of this
      population that might be considered as first-priority recipients of the new
      hepatitis B vaccine, a questionnaire was sent to the executive directors of 45
      hospitals in this region. The questionnaire requested data on the numbers of full
      and part-time employees whose frequency of contact with blood and blood-related
      equipment was the greatest. The response rate was 89%. Of the 9545 individuals
      identified as being at risk of exposure to hepatitis B, 5443 (57%) were
      nonphysicians and 4102 (43%) were physicians. A highly significant (p less than
      0.001) positive and linear relation was found between the numbers of personnel at
      highest risk of exposure and the total number of hospital personnel and type of
      hospital. Therefore, the potential exists for developing and validating a simple
      bivariate model that could predict the initial vaccine requirements for hospital
      based personnel in Ontario and other provinces.

PMID- 6825021
TI  - Physicians' and nurses' retention of knowledge and skill after training in
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Physicians and nurses in a community hospital who successfully completed the
      standard 1-day training program in basic life support cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation (CPR) were retested 6 and 12 months after training. Their
      perceptions of their knowledge of and skill in CPR were recorded along with an
      account of the roles they had taken in CPR incidents. The physicians and nurses
      initially had the same level of knowledge of CPR, but the physicians learned
      significantly more and retained it longer. After training, the nurses
      participated much more in CPR incidents, limiting themselves to basic life
      support functions. The physicians' participation, however, remained at about the
      same level and was limited to advanced life support functions. By 12 months after
      training the scores in both groups were similar to the pretraining scores, which
      suggests that practice with feedback is necessary during the 1-year period before
      retraining and recertification. It may be that the two groups require different
      training programs.

PMID- 6825023
TI  - The federal budget revisited.

PMID- 6825022
TI  - Using helium-oxygen mixtures in the management of acute upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 6825020
TI  - Normal urate transport into erythrocytes in familial renal hypouricemia and in
      the Dalmatian dog.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that humans with familial renal hypouricemia may have a
      generalized defect of urate transport across cell membranes due to the genetic
      deletion of a specific carrier, a defect similar to that reported in the
      Dalmatian dog. In this study the transport of urate labelled with carbon 14 by
      the erythrocytes of four patients with familial renal hypouricemia was identical
      to that of five healthy controls. The addition of hypoxanthine to the incubation
      medium inhibited the transport to a similar extent in the two groups of patients,
      demonstrating the presence of a carrier specific for urate. This carrier was also
      found to be present in the erythrocytes of Dalmatian and mongrel dogs. Thus, the
      renal anomaly causing the hypouricemia in both species is not related to a
      generalized deletion of a urate-transporting protein on cell membranes.

PMID- 6825024
TI  - Ontario's road back to bedlam.

PMID- 6825026
TI  - Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from percutaneous femoral vein catheterization.

PMID- 6825025
TI  - Neonates and herpes simplex.

PMID- 6825027
TI  - Dermatitis caused by ingestion of a coin.

PMID- 6825028
TI  - Myths about infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 6825029
TI  - Mononucleosis: the old myths are still useful.

PMID- 6825031
TI  - Treatment of status epilepticus in children.
AB  - Status epilepticus is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. General
      treatment is aimed at restoring physiologic homeostasis, and drug therapy is
      aimed at arresting the convulsive activity and preventing its recurrence.
      Concurrent administration of diazepam and either phenytoin or phenobarbital will
      be effective in most cases. After the status epilepticus has been treated the
      underlying cause should be investigated and, if possible, treated.

PMID- 6825030
TI  - Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus.
AB  - Transmission of hepatitis B virus from carrier mothers to their infants seems
      most likely to occur during birth. Both cord blood and breast milk have been
      found to be positive (in 35% and 72% of cases respectively) for hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg), but they do not appear to play an important role in
      transmission. To control this problem high-risk women should be tested during
      pregnancy for HBsAg. The infants of infected women should be given several doses
      of hepatitis B immunoglobulin starting at birth. In less developed regions, where
      hepatitis B is endemic, administration of the immunoglobulin in combination with
      vaccine, or even the vaccine alone, may be preferable in order to provide infants
      with lasting protection.

PMID- 6825032
TI  - Snoring in adults: some epidemiologic aspects.
AB  - Although snoring is a common problem it has received little attention in the
      medical literature. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence
      and epidemiologic aspects of snoring. The results showed that it is much more
      common than previously thought--86% of the married men and 57% of the married
      women were reported to snore. Overall, snoring was found to be more frequent in
      adult men than women, and its prevalence in adults was not related to age. It was
      found that 15% of the husbands and 52% of the wives were bothered by their
      spouse's snoring. Physicians must be made more aware of this problem and its
      potential effects on patients.

PMID- 6825033
TI  - High-dosage isosorbide dinitrate therapy for angina.
AB  - We investigated the possibility that high dosages (480 mg/d) of isosorbide
      dinitrate might reduce the frequency of angina attacks in selected patients who
      had not responded to low dosages of the drug (40 mg/d), and that the patients
      could tolerate the high levels of medication and maintain their responsiveness
      over the long term. In the single-blind phases of this trial 24 patients with
      grade 3 stable angina pectoris were given a placebo for 4 weeks and then
      increasing doses of isosorbide dinitrate for a further 6 weeks. The 19 patients
      who both responded to and tolerated high doses of the drug kept taking 480 mg/d
      for an average of 1 year. The average weekly rate of angina attacks fell by 74%,
      from 6.05 in the placebo phase to 1.6 during long-term active treatment (p less
      than 0.01). Nitroglycerin consumption decreased accordingly. The patients'
      assessments of their levels of activity and well-being and their angina
      thresholds showed improvement among most of them. The trend of angina frequency
      was stable in 12 cases, downward in 6 and upward in only 1 case. Exercise
      performance as evaluated by a graded treadmill test showed a small but
      nonsignificant improvement of 18%. It was concluded that some patients who do not
      respond to the antianginal action of low-dosage isosorbide dinitrate and cannot
      be given beta-blockers may respond to high dosages and tolerate them for over a
      year. Isosorbide dinitrate may be clinically useful in patients with coronary
      heart disease even though their exercise performance is not significantly
      improved.

PMID- 6825034
TI  - The ethically trained physician: myth or reality?
AB  - Through a questionnaire distributed to 300 physicians in the Toronto area, three
      aspects of their ethical awareness were examined: the formal codes, the need for
      consultation in making decisions and the need for training in medical ethics.
      Most of the physicians (81%) felt that they were facing ethical problems in their
      daily practice. A majority of these would try to solve the problems either
      themselves (30%) or through discussion with a colleague (43%). When they turned
      outside the profession it was sometimes to a lawyer (12%), which suggests concern
      with the legalities of some situations. Only a small proportion of the
      respondents were found to be familiar with two of the established codes of
      ethics, yet 13% would still turn to the code of the Canadian Medical Association
      for guidance. Finally, there was widespread recognition of the need for proper
      training in medical ethics and for the establishment of a specialty in this
      field.

PMID- 6825035
TI  - Silastic Foam: a new material for dressing wounds.

PMID- 6825038
TI  - The Ontario hospital experiment: American managers march in.

PMID- 6825036
TI  - Relapsing septicemia caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.

PMID- 6825037
TI  - Malignant pleural mesothelioma presenting as superior vena cava syndrome.

PMID- 6825039
TI  - Health Minister Begin comments on proposed Canada Health Act.

PMID- 6825040
TI  - Clinical clerkship: a fertile environment for exploring ethics.

PMID- 6825041
TI  - Role of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis and management of mammary lesions in
      office practice.
AB  - Sixteen hundred and eighty breast aspiration specimens obtained from 1410
      patients seen in office practice were reviewed. The cytologic diagnosis was
      unsatisfactory in 230 cases, benign in 1019 cases, atypical in 198 cases,
      suspicious for malignancy in 102 cases, and malignant in 131 cases. All cases
      diagnosed as cytologically malignant had a subsequent tissue diagnosis of
      malignant neoplasm. Four percent of the cytologically benign cases and 17% of the
      cytologically atypical cases had malignant neoplasms. Clinical and cytologic
      examination detected more cancers (87%) than did clinical and mammographic
      examination (79%). Ninety-three percent of malignant neoplasms were detected by
      the combination of clinical, cytologic, and mammographic examination. Aspiration
      cytology significantly contributes to the clinical evaluation of mammary lesions
      in office practice, but it does not replace tissue biopsy or careful follow-up of
      mammary lesions of clinical concern. Proof of the presence of breast cancer by
      aspiration in the office may obviate the need for a two-stage procedure in the
      surgical management of breast cancer. Aspiration of minimally suspicious lesions
      often is helpful in initiating excisional biopsy in some occult, clinically
      unrecognized breast cancers.

PMID- 6825042
TI  - Tamoxifen treatment failures in hormonally responsive breast cancers. Correlation
      with steroid receptors.
AB  - Clinical correlation of treatment response with estrogen (ERP) and progesterone
      (PgRP) receptors in 81 patients revealed a remission rate of 76% if both
      receptors were present in the tumor. The response rate was 89% in those patients
      with positive receptors in whom an endocrine ablative procedure was performed and
      was 63% in those patients treated with tamoxifen, suggesting that the latter
      modality may not be effective in the treatment of some hormonally responsive
      tumors. An assay to determine receptor sensitivity to tamoxifen was developed and
      correlated with clinical response to tamoxifen treatment. Of the 56 human breast
      tumors analyzed, 29 tumors were ERP- and PgRP-positive and ten of these were
      tamoxifen-insensitive. Sixteen tumors were ERP- and PgRP-negative and tamoxifen
      insensitive. Of the remaining 11 tumors, four were tamoxifen-sensitive. Nineteen
      of the 56 patients whose tumors were analyzed were treated for advance breast
      cancers with tamoxifen. Twelve patients who were ERP- and PgRP-positive and
      tamoxifen-sensitive responded to this modality of treatment. Seven treatment
      failures were noted in this group all of whom were ERP-positive and tamoxifen
      insensitive. Endocrine ablation failed either prior or subsequently in three of
      these patients all of whom were PgRP-negative. Two patients who were ERP- and
      PgRP-positive and tamoxifen-insensitive subsequently responded to an alternative
      antihormonal treatment.

PMID- 6825043
TI  - Lucy Wortham James Award. Cytologic detection and diagnosis of cancer. Its
      contributions and limitations.
AB  - The use of cytology for the detection and diagnosis of cancer has been a rapidly
      developing area of pathology. Cytology has been used for mass screening of
      asymptomatic people, for selective screening of individuals at high risk, and for
      diagnosis in patients suspected of having cancer. The only area in which mass
      screening has proved to be cost effective in reducing morbidity and mortality
      rates is cancer of the uterine cervix. Selective high risk screening has been
      proposed for endometrium, lung, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract and oral
      cavity. Field trials have been performed for each site and some are still
      operational. While a degree of success has been achieved in identifying patients
      with early and asymptomatic cancer, cost effectiveness has not as yet been
      demonstrated and it seems unlikely that it will be. The cytologic diagnosis of
      cancer of these sites in symptomatic patients is highly effective for lung and
      bladder cancer. It has been somewhat less effective for gastrointestinal cancer.
      It is also of value in identifying cancer cells in effusions and for cancer
      staging. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of cancer has been used
      for over half a century, but in more recent years it has gained wider usage and
      is now used to diagnose tumors of almost any organ. It is highly cost effective,
      does not require hospitalization or anesthetic, and is rapid and accurate. Some
      of the indications and limitations of cellular diagnosis of cancer are presented.

PMID- 6825044
TI  - The James Ewing lecture. The relationship between tumor mass and resistance to
      chemotherapy. Implications for surgical adjuvant treatment of cancer.
AB  - Tumor mass negatively influences the outcome of surgery and radiotherapy by its
      influence on invasiveness and the propensity to metastasize before local
      treatment is applied. Tumor mass negatively affects the outcome of cancer
      chemotherapy in a manner quite different from the way in which it does surgery or
      radiotherapy. Cancer chemotherapy fails because cells develop resistance to
      anticancer drugs. Conceptually, there are two types of resistance both of which
      are mass related: temporary resistance (due to pharmacologic sanctuaries or
      altered cell kinetics) or permanent resistance (mutant lines developing specific
      and permanent resistance to one or more cancer drugs). Based on somatic mutation
      theory, it now appears that resistant mutants arise spontaneously early in the
      natural history of cancers, and the likelihood of a resistant line developing
      appears closely related to cell number, such that one or more resistant lines are
      likely present before most human malignancies become clinically evident. The
      development of permanent resistance more precisely accounts for the invariable
      inverse relationship between cell number and curability by drugs and the greater
      effectiveness of combination chemotherapy over single agents. New information on
      common pathways of drug resistance appear exploitable using tools available today
      or on the horizon. Treatment of bacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis,
      now truly appears to be a paradigm for cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6825045
TI  - The effects of patient delay and symptoms other than a lump on survival in breast
      cancer.
AB  - This study examined the relationship of survival in breast cancer to delay in
      treatment and the presence of symptoms. Data were analyzed for 664 patients
      diagnosed from 1975-1979 at 15 hospitals in Brooklyn, New York. Pathologic risk
      factors were defined to classify breast cancer into less (Class I) or more
      aggressive (Class III) disease. Delay and survival were not significantly
      associated among women diagnosed with Class I disease. Delay was associated with
      poor survival for patients with Class III disease (P less than 0.001). The
      presence of symptoms other than a lump was associated with longer delay and
      poorer survival in patients with Class II and III disease. These findings suggest
      that the contradictory relationship between delay and survival reported by others
      may be due to variations in the proportions of slow and fast growing tumors and
      that fast growing tumors must be treated promptly for a successful result.

PMID- 6825046
TI  - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 35 patients with
      emphasis on treatment.
AB  - Almost a quarter of a century has passed since mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a
      rare, insufficiently studied and still poorly understood cartilage neoplasm has
      been described. Based on 35 cases diagnosed and treated at this Cancer Center,
      this study found 20 males and 15 females with an average age of 26 years (range,
      6-70 years). All but five of the tumors arose in the skeleton in the femur,
      humerus, and ilium in five cases each, while the os calcis (a rare site for any
      other osseous tumor) gave rise to this tumor in four instances. Pain was the
      cardinal symptom in 27 patients. The lesional size varied from 4 to 18 cm
      (average, 9.5 cm). Histologic examination revealed nine of the tumors to be of
      the small cell undifferentiated types while the others were of the
      "hemangiopericytomatoid" variant. According to this subclassification, patients
      with the small cell type of lesions responded to combination chemotherapy and
      irradiation, as usually do other small cell sarcomas. The addition of surgical
      resection may be of value especially in the patients with the
      hemangiopericytomatoid variant. Preliminary results in the treatment of five such
      patients with evaluable disease suggest that this combined treatment approach is
      encouraging. Follow-up analysis of all patients revealed a 37.9 months median
      survival, and 28% to be alive at ten years.

PMID- 6825047
TI  - Inferior pubic rami resection with en bloc radical excision for invasive proximal
      urethral carcinoma.

PMID- 6825048
TI  - Tissue and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in early breast cancer. A prognostic
      factor.
AB  - A prospective study of plasma and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (P-CEA and T
      CEA) levels in 63 patients with early (Stage I and II) breast cancer was
      undertaken to determine if the presence of CEA in tissue and/or plasma at the
      time of primary surgery can be used as a prognostic factor. Thirty-two Stage I
      and 31 Stage II patients were evaluable with a median follow-up time of 26
      months: 29/63 were T-CEA and/or P-CEA positive while 34/63 were T-CEA and P-CEA
      negative; 9/63 were both T-CEA and P-CEA positive; 13/63 were P-CEA positive
      alone, while 25/63 were T-CEA positive alone; 5/29 T-CEA and/or P-CEA positive
      showed disease progression with a mean DFI of 11.8 months, compared with 0/34 T
      CEA and P-CEA negative patients (P less than 0.02); 2/9 T-CEA and P-CEA positive
      compared with 0/34 negative patients progressed (P less than 0.01). There was a
      significant difference (P less than 0.05) between P-CEA positive (3/13) patients
      with recurrence and P-CEA negative (2/50). When T-CEA positive patients (4/25)
      were compared with T-CEA negative (1/38), the difference approaches significance.
      When the recurrences were analyzed with respect to CEA, estrogen receptor (ER)
      and nodal status, only in the CEA + versus CEA - group was there a significant
      difference. The early data show that patients with positive T-CEA and/or P-CEA
      have a higher recurrence rate with probable poor prognosis. Prognosis correlates
      better with CEA status than with ER or nodal status.

PMID- 6825049
TI  - Hyperthermochemotherapeutic in vivo isolated perfusion of the rat liver.
AB  - This report describes a system of in vivo isolated perfusion of the rat liver.
      The effects of perfusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (0.125-1.5 g/kg) on survival,
      liver function, and hepatic regeneration are studied. A dose of 0.125-0.25 g/kg
      of 5-FU produced acceptable toxicity with 0% and 25% mortality rate, but induced
      liver dysfunction indicated by abnormal biochemical values and severe inhibition
      of hepatic regeneration. Doses of 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 1.5 g/kg produced a
      mortality of 60%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Regional hyperthermia (37-43
      degrees C) achieved by perfusion of the liver with heated saline produced an
      adverse effect on survival, liver function and hepatic regeneration, which are
      both temperature- and perfusion time-dependent. Hyperthermochemotherapy using in
      vivo isolated hepatic perfusion might be acceptable for the treatment of
      unresectable liver cancer, but should not be utilized as an adjuvant therapy
      prior to hepatic resection without the use of hepatic growth factors which could
      reverse the inhibitory effect of hepatic perfusion.

PMID- 6825050
TI  - Hemoccult screening in selected patients. The hernia patient older than age fifty
      years.
AB  - Two hundred and forty patients, asymptomatic relative to gastrointestinal
      disease, who applied for elective hernia repair, were tested as outpatients for
      occult blood in the stool. Thirty-eight patients had one or more positive
      specimens. Significant pathologic characteristics were identified by lower
      gastrointestinal evaluation in 23 of these patients. One patient had an
      adenocarcinoma (Dukes' Stage B). Eight patients had polyps of various types, 11
      patients had colonic diverticula, and three patients had anorectal disease.
      Patient compliance was excellent and the cost-benefit ratio appeared to be
      acceptable.

PMID- 6825051
TI  - Depth of invasion, location, and size of cancer of the anus dictate operative
      treatment.

PMID- 6825052
TI  - Menstrual cycle-dependent variations of breast cyst fluid proteins and sex
      steroid receptors in the normal human breast.

PMID- 6825053
TI  - Breast cancer in the medial half. Results of 1978 National Survey of the American
      College of Surgeons.
AB  - In their previous report on the 1978 survey of breast cancer by the American
      College of Surgeons, the authors observed that the five-year cure rate was lower,
      but only marginally, in patients having tumors located in the medial half of the
      breast than those in the lateral half. In order to identify factors which might
      explain this difference, as well as to evaluate the contribution of additional
      irradiation towards improving the cure rates, further analysis was made of the
      group of 9401 women in the long-term survey, with particular attention to the
      size of the tumor, the age of the patient, and the extent of the nodal
      metastasis. This analysis demonstrates that the prognosis is quite similar
      between groups of patients with tumors in medial or lateral half of the breast.
      Irradiation given in addition to mastectomy did not appear to improve the
      prognosis of the patients as compared to that of those treated by mastectomy
      alone.

PMID- 6825054
TI  - Genetic studies in multiple myeloma. 1. Association with HLA-Cw5.
AB  - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were identified in 22 black Americans with
      multiple myeloma. No significant association was observed between antigens at
      either the A or the B locus. At the C locus, in contrast, HLA-Cw5 was more
      prevalent in the patient group, four of 22 having it, compared with the control
      group, in which two of 138 individuals possessed it. All four patients with HLA
      Cw5 were males. Those results suggest that genetic factors, perhaps in
      conjunction with an environmental change, may be responsible for the recent
      increase in incidence in myeloma in black Americans, especially in males.

PMID- 6825057
TI  - "Low grade" mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus with "high grade" biological
      behavior.
AB  - A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus with low grade histologic
      features exhibited an aggressive biological behavior. All gross, microscopic, and
      ultrastructural features were those of a morphologically low grade mucoepidermoid
      carcinoma. Grossly, the lesion was an exophytic endobronchial mass;
      microscopically, it contained sheets of monomorphic cells with well-formed mucus
      glands, no mitoses, and no necrosis; and ultrastructurally, it consisted of
      numerous goblet cells and mitochondria- and glycogen-rich cells with well-formed
      microvilli. However, the patient developed widespread metastases to skin,
      subcutaneous tissue, femur, vertebral column, and pericardium and died two months
      after the primary endobronchial tumor was excised. The metastases, like the
      primary tumor, had the appearance of "low grade" mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
      Explants of the original tumor grown in nude mice for three months showed
      persistence of the low-grade morphologic pattern. Although metastases are known
      to occur frequently from high-grade lesions, widespread metastases from
      histologically low-grade lesions have not previously been reported. Low-grade
      histologic features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma are not necessarily then
      indicative of low-grade biological behavior.

PMID- 6825055
TI  - Anomalous papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - Most papillary carcinomas of the thyroid run a surprisingly indolent clinical
      course, and even widespread lymph node metastases in the neck are not a bad
      prognostic omen. A small group behaves in a far more aggressive fashion and kills
      through local invasion of adjacent structures or blood borne metastases. This
      paper deals with a papillary carcinoma which does not fit into any of these
      groups. Following hemithyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma in 1970 the patient,
      a woman aged 70 years, lived comfortably for nine years until she died of what
      appeared to be an unrelated cause. During these nine years, papillary carcinoma
      metastases were removed at irregular intervals from unusual locations such as the
      thoracic wall, both groins, and the thigh. Gross examination, light and electron
      microscopy, and freeze-etching, all failed to distinguish this tumor from
      conventional papillary carcinomas. Morphometry showed that the nuclei were
      significantly larger than those found in other papillary carcinomas, and
      conventional and flow cytometric DNA analysis proved that the primary tumor and
      the metastases contained mainly tetraploid cells. One lymph node metastasis had
      even larger nuclei than the others and also a different, bizarre DNA distribution
      pattern. This study also showed that the ground glass appearance of the nuclei of
      papillary thyroid carcinomas does not depend on hypodiploid DNA values. Of about
      70 cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas in the world literature studied by
      conventional or flow cytometric DNA analysis, this case is the only one with
      tetraploid DNA values. It is therefore tempting to correlate this tetraploidy to
      its peculiar biologic behavior.

PMID- 6825056
TI  - Hepatic involvement in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Nineteen patients with hairy cell leukemia were studied in order to define the
      hepatic changes in this disease and to correlate the morphologic changes in the
      liver with the clinical and biochemical findings. Although only eight of the
      patients had hepatomegaly, all 19 had microscopic mononuclear cell infiltration
      in the sinusoids or the portal areas or both. The severity of mononuclear
      infiltration in the liver correlated poorly with the size of the liver or spleen,
      the biochemical changes, or number of hairy cells in the blood. Abnormal serum
      biochemical values were present occasionally and were usually due to associated
      diseases or to complications of this disease. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
      activity was noted in four patients; three of them had granulomatous lesions in
      the liver. Unless the characteristic "clear cell" pattern is seen, the hepatic
      mononuclear cell infiltration may not be diagnostic of hairy cell leukemia and,
      in many instances, may not even be suggestive of neoplasia. A new technique for
      demonstrating tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in methacrylate
      embedded sections was developed, which allowed identification of hairy cells in
      the liver biopsy specimens of all five patients so studied. The authors concluded
      that liver involvement is common in this disease.

PMID- 6825059
TI  - Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of all patients having the diagnosis of squamous cell
      carcinoma of the skin at a single hospital over a ten-year period was performed.
      These lesions are less common than both basal cell carcinomas and malignant
      melanomas. Noninvasive squamous cell carcinomas were not observed to recur. There
      was a 20% incidence of recurrence in 86 patients with invasive squamous cell
      carcinoma. The presence of solar changes in the skin did not obviate recurrence.
      The larger, less differentiated lesions had a greater probability of recurrence.
      When the depth of invasion of the lesions were determined, it was found that only
      the lesions that penetrated to Clark's Level IV or V recurred. Squamous cell
      carcinomas that penetrate to this depth have the potential to recur and
      metastasize to regional lymph nodes and should be considered malignant lesions,
      even if they are associated with actinic skin changes.

PMID- 6825058
TI  - Estrogen use and breast cancer. Interaction with body mass.
AB  - With few exceptions, most epidemiologic studies do not show an excess relative
      risk of breast cancer associated with menopausal estrogen therapy. Other studies
      show a relationship of breast cancer to obesity, which is characterized by
      increased endogenous estrogen production. This study explored the possibility of
      an interaction between ponderosity and exogenous estrogen use in a case-control
      study of 113 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and pair-matched hospital
      control subjects. In this series, neither menopausal estrogen use nor relative
      weight were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. However, among
      estrogen users, the relative risk of breast cancer was strikingly influenced by
      the ponderosity of the subjects; the relative risk was 0.41 for women whose
      relative weight was less than the median, compared with 1.29 for those whose
      relative weight exceeded the median. The mean age was also examined at diagnosis
      in order to explore the potential of exogenous estrogen as a tumor promotor. The
      mean age at breast cancer diagnosis in estrogen users, 58.1 years, was
      significantly lower than in nonusers, 63 years. A significant linear relationship
      was found between age at diagnosis and body weight among estrogen users. Estrogen
      treated women in the lowest tertile of body weight had the diagnosis of breast
      cancer made seven years earlier than those in the highest tertile of weight.
      There was no significant difference in the distribution of clinical stages at
      diagnosis between estrogen users and nonusers. These data suggest that relative
      body weight is an important modifier of the effect of exogenous estrogens on
      breast cancer biology.

PMID- 6825063
TI  - Double-minute chromosomes in the leukocytes of a patient with a previous history
      of cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Double-minute chromosomes (DMs) were observed in repeated samples in the
      leukocytes of a patient with a previous history of cervical carcinoma. The most
      interesting cytogenetic finding was the coexistence of DMs and a dicentric
      chromosome along with chromosome- and chromatid-type breaks and gaps. This
      observation suggests that DMs might originate through the breakage of existing
      chromosomes. The presence of DMs in leukocytes may also indicate the possibility
      that certain common agents cause DMs in tumor cells as well as in normal cells.

PMID- 6825060
TI  - Severe pneumococcal infection in patients with neoplastic disease.
AB  - A study of pneumococcal bacteremia in 56 patients with neoplastic disease from
      January 1, 1972 to June 30, 1980 is presented and compared to an earlier study
      between 1955 and 1971. Patients at highest risk were those with Hodgkin's disease
      who had been splenectomized, multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      showing an attack rate of 15.6/1000, 12.5/1000, and 10.8/1000, respectively. The
      attack rate was more than three times higher among patients with Hodgkin's
      disease in the present series compared to the previous series. In 32% of cases
      there was no identifiable source for the infection. Four splenectomized patients
      with Hodgkin's disease developed pneumococcal meningitis and two died. The
      overall mortality rate was 32% versus a rate of 18% for those treated with
      appropriate antibiotics for more than 24 hours. There was a significant
      improvement in overall survival when compared with our previous series. As
      before, almost one fourth (24%) of our isolates were not among those included in
      the pneumococcal vaccine presently available. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be
      considered in high risk patients.

PMID- 6825061
TI  - Design considerations for a medical school hospital cancer patient data system.
AB  - Tumor registries abound, but there are few that successfully incorporate
      information age data management resources. This article describes the
      evolutionary process of designing, implementing, and maintaining a computer-based
      cancer patient information system for a medical school hospital. The primary
      requirement was that accurate information about the cancer experience at
      University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) be readily available. Since the tumor
      registry staff were not data processing professionals, this system had to use
      commonly available, well documented, readily maintained, and easily used data
      management resources. The UTMB registry, as documented by the marked increase in
      frequency and scope of use, demonstrates that a quality information resource can
      have a significant impact on hospital cancer programs and could serve as a
      prototype for other institutions having similar needs.

PMID- 6825062
TI  - Development of dysmyelopoietic syndrome in a hairy cell leukemia patient treated
      with chlorambucil: cytogenetic and morphologic evaluation.
AB  - A splenectomized patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who had received
      chemotherapy with a low-dose alkylating agent for 2 years developed
      dysmyelopoietic syndrome (DMPS), the first such case to be described. A portion
      of his marrow remained chronically involved with HCL, but the remainder evolved
      from being morphologically and karyotypically normal to involvement with DMPS,
      with cells having a bizarre karyotype. Three of four metaphase cells had
      consistent abnormalities, with a missing chromosome No. 5, structural
      rearrangements resulting in deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome No. 7,
      deletion of 2q, and a small ring chromosome; upon further clonal evolution, a
      translocation between chromosomes No. 12 and 15 and deletion of the long arm of
      chromosome No. 19 were seen. We therefore add HCL patients to the growing list of
      those at risk of developing a secondary hematologic malignant disease possibly
      due to cytotoxic therapy for their primary disorder.

PMID- 6825064
TI  - Cytogenetic features of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in 73 children and
      adolescents.
AB  - We examined the leukemia cells of 81 consecutively admitted children and
      adolescents with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) to determine the
      frequency and specificity of chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotypes were obtained
      for 73 (90%) of the 81 children, and 36 (49%) were abnormal. The modal karyotypes
      for the cases were tightly clustered in the diploid range; only 5 (7%) were
      hypodiploid, with 45 chromosomes each, and only 2 (3%) had greater than 50
      chromosomes. Specific chromosomal abnormalities in the abnormal karyotypes were
      compared to morphologic subgroups of ANLL. An 8;21 translocation was found in 6
      of 9 cases with M2 morphology but was also found in 1 case with M1 morphology.
      One of 4 with M3 (progranulocytic) morphology had a 15;17 translocation, and
      another had a 17q deletion. A structural abnormality in 11q was found in 3 of 7
      patients with M5 (monoblastic) morphology, 2 of whom had a 9;11 translocation.
      The only case of M6 had a 22q-or Philadelphia chromosome in addition to other
      abnormalities. Statistical analysis of 27 abnormal karyotypes showed preferential
      structural rearrangement of 8q and 21q. We conclude that, in children as well as
      adults, specific structural abnormalities are correlated with certain morphologic
      subgroups of ANLL. However, other chromosomal changes associated with prior
      mutagenic exposure of adult ANLL were uncommon in children, which may suggest a
      difference in pathogenesis.

PMID- 6825065
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: chromosome abnormalities in a genetic form of
      cancer.
AB  - Chromosome studies on gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a Papago Indian woman were
      performed. These studies revealed a high degree of aneuploidy including multiple
      instances of missing chromosomes, extra chromosomes, and chromosome
      rearrangements. Double minute chromosomes and homogeneous staining regions on
      chromosomes were present in the cancer cells. To our knowledge this is the first
      report on the cytogenetic analysis of a gallbladder cancer. Chromosome studies on
      gallbladder cancers will be of unusual interest because of the relatively high
      frequency of this rare genetic form of cancer in American Indians.

PMID- 6825066
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities of a mediastinal embryonal cell carcinoma in a patient
      with 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome: evidence for the premeiotic origin of a germ
      cell tumor.
AB  - Trypsin-Giemsa banding studies were performed on 30 tumor cells from an embryonal
      cell carcinoma originating in the mediastinum of an 18-year-old male with the
      Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). All tumor cells revealed an XXY chromosomal
      pattern with the addition of extra chromosomes. Electrophoretic patterns of the
      patient's red blood cells and tumor cells were identical. These data suggest that
      this germ cell tumor originated from a primordial germ cell in which oncogenesis
      had occurred prior to meiotic division.

PMID- 6825067
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines.
AB  - Cytogenetic findings on 15 new cell lines established from endemic and nonendemic
      Burkitt's lymphoma are reported. Specific translocations t(8;14) and t(8;22) were
      found, respectively, in 13 and in 2 of the cell lines. Particular attention has
      been paid to the additional chromosome abnormalities found in 10 of the 15 cell
      lines. These anomalies involve the long arm chromosome No. 1 with a relatively
      high frequency. These additional chromosome anomalies argue in favor of the
      concept of the existence of primary and secondary chromosome abnormalities in
      malignancies.

PMID- 6825068
TI  - Cytogenetic study of 88 cases of refractory anemia.
AB  - Data obtained on 88 patients with refractory anemia or preleukemia, without
      previous cytotoxic treatment, showed medullar chromosomal abnormalities in 32%.
      In 45% of the cases, the disease had progressed to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
      A high frequency of acute transformation (78%) was observed in patients with
      abnormal clones. These results are different from those of the Second
      International Workshop on chromosomes in Leukemia. The discrepancies may be
      related to the difference between the cases selected for submission to the
      workshop and those of this study. Serial studies on 28 patients with abnormal
      karyotypes showed that two different populations of patients were investigated:
      one with a terminal smoldering phase of leukemia and the other with true
      preleukemic disease. In the latter group, no predictive karyotype evolution was
      seen.

PMID- 6825069
TI  - Induction of sister chromatid exchange by various selenium compounds in Chinese
      hamster cells in the presence and absence of S9 mixture.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the effect of 3 selenium compounds,
      namely, sodium selenite, sodium selenide and sodium selenate on induction of
      sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in the Chinese hamster V79 cell line in the
      presence and absence of S9 mixture. The results indicated that the most potent
      SCE inducer in the presence of S9 mixture was sodium selenite and this was
      followed by sodium selenide, while in the absence of S9 mixture the most
      effective SCE inducer was sodium selenide which was then followed by sodium
      selenite. For sodium selenate, the data indicated no increase in SCE rate as
      compared to the control values both in the presence and absence of S9 mixture. In
      addition, it was observed that growth inhibition as measured by no sister
      chromatid differentiation or no metaphases was produced by certain doses of the
      compounds tested. Based on this, the compound that induced the most growth
      inhibition both in the presence and absence of S9 mixture was sodium selenide and
      this was followed by sodium selenite. For sodium selenate no growth inhibition
      was observed. The different capabilities of the selenium compounds tested to
      induce SCE were clearly demonstrated in the system employed in this study. It is
      felt that this effect is an important cytogenetic characteristic of these
      compounds, yet how this activity relates to the antimutagenic and
      anticarcinogenic properties of these agents is difficult to discern.

PMID- 6825070
TI  - Comparative metabolism and macromolecular binding of benzo[a]pyrene in explant
      cultures of human bladder, skin, bronchus and esophagus from eight individuals.
AB  - Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism and macromolecular binding have been studied in
      explants from 4 tissues, bladder, skin, bronchus and esophagus from 8 donors
      sampled within 4 h after death. Explants were incubated with [3H]benzo[a]pyrene
      for 24 h, then the metabolites extracted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Fibroblasts were grown from explants from 2 patients and also
      incubated with B[a]P. Metabolite profiles were qualitatively the same for
      explants and fibroblasts with similar product ratios, although fibroblasts were
      less active in B[a]P metabolism. DNA binding studies showed a broad variance
      between patients and tissues with the relative distribution being widest in
      bladder, followed by skin, bronchus and esophagus, respectively.

PMID- 6825073
TI  - Distension of the urinary bladder in rats fed saccharin containing diet.
AB  - The administration of a diet containing 7.5% saccharin ad libitum to rats for 1
      month caused an increase in the daily water intake and total urine volume. The
      greater urine volume was associated with an increase in both the frequency of
      urination and the average volume per urination. In saccharin-fed rats the total
      number of urinations per 24 h which exceeded 1.0 ml was increased 3-fold whilst
      the maximum urination volume detected was almost doubled. These results show that
      the short-term administration of the high dietary levels used in previous 2
      generation cancer bioassays produces functional changes in the urinary bladder,
      the organ showing an increased incidence of tumours.

PMID- 6825074
TI  - Analysis of the interaction between Rauscher murine leukemia virus and murine
      cell membrane receptor by in vitro binding assay.
AB  - Binding of 125I-labeled gp70 of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) by 3
      murine cell lines, BALB/c-3T3, NIH/3T3 and KA-31 (Kirsten murine sarcoma virus
      transformed clone A-31 of BALB/c-3T3) cells was measured. The binding was a
      saturable process, dependent on the concentration of gp70 and on the number of
      cells. In no experiment could we demonstrate any quantitative utilization of gp70
      in the medium. However, gp70 remaining in the spent medium could be bound to
      fresh cells in a subsequent incubation. BALB/c-3T3, NIH/3T3 and KA-31 cells
      showed similar association constants (1.2-2.5 x 10(8) M-1) for the binding.
      Moreover, all 3 cell lines had similar number of receptors (7.4-8.9 x 10(5)) per
      cell. Neither N- and B-tropism of the cells nor transformation by a sarcoma virus
      altered the number and type of the cell surface receptors.

PMID- 6825071
TI  - Induction of DNA repair synthesis by ultraviolet radiation and
      methylmethanesulphonate in cultured mouse lymphocytes.
AB  - The induction of DNA repair synthesis by UV-radiation and methyl
      methanesulphonate (MMS) was studied in mouse lymphocytes and leukemic cells by
      means of autoradiography and scintillation counting, after labelling in vitro
      with tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd). Repair stimulation was detected by both
      procedures in LSTRA and YC8 leukemic cell lines as well as in primary fibroblasts
      of BALB/c and BALB/Mo mice. No stimulation was observed in primary cultures of
      lymphocytes from the spleen, thymus and lymph-nodes of the same mice. In primary
      lymphocytes neither stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) nor pre-incubation
      with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) were effective in making evident DNA repair. The
      data put into question the reliability of the repair test for the prediction of
      carcinogenic potential of chemicals.

PMID- 6825072
TI  - Effects of dietary choline deficiency on the mutagenic activation of chemical
      carcinogens by rat liver fractions.
AB  - Salmonella mutagenesis assays were used to evaluate the mutagenicity of several
      chemical carcinogens as mediated by liver S-9 fractions from rats fed a choline
      supplemented (CS) or choline-devoid (CD) diet. The liver S-9 fraction from CD
      diet-fed rats was found to have a significantly decreased ability to activate 2
      acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and 6-aminochrysene (6-AC),
      but not N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (HO-N-2-AAF) and dimethylnitrosamine
      (DMN). The same liver S-9 fraction was also less effective in deactivating N
      methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) but not methylnitrosourea (MNU). A
      decrease (20%) in the cytochrome P-450 content was found in liver microsomes of
      CD diet-fed rats. Although it has been shown that feeding a CD diet to rats
      enhances chemical hepatocarcinogenesis, the data presented here suggest that CD
      diet does not increase the activation of the chemical procarcinogens tested.

PMID- 6825075
TI  - In vivo potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea by the
      radiation sensitizer benznidazole.
AB  - Recent studies in mouse tumor systems have indicated a potential therapeutic
      advantage in combining the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) with cancer
      chemotherapy drugs. One agent the antitumor activity of which has been enhanced
      to a greater extent than its hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities is the
      nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). Recently,
      sensitizers more lipophylic than MISO have been reported to give greater tumor
      response enhancement when combined with CCNU. The present studies compared the
      potential therapeutic benefit of combining MISO (partition coefficient, 0.43) or
      benznidazole (BENZO) (partition coefficient, 8.5) in KHT sarcoma or RIF-1 tumor
      bearing C3H mice. Both sensitizers were administered i.p. and given either 30 min
      before (BENZO) or simultaneously with (MISO) the chemotherapeutic agent. Survival
      of clonogenic tumor cells assessed 22 to 24 hr after treatment or in situ tumor
      growth delay were used as assays of tumor response. Normal tissue toxicity was
      determined using the drug dose yielding 50% animal lethality in 30 days end
      point. When combined with CCNU, doses of MISO (5.0 mmol/kg) or BENZO (0.3
      mmol/kg) were found to yield approximately equivalent increases in both the tumor
      effect (enhancement ratio, approximately 1.8 to 2.0) and normal tissue toxicity
      (enhancement ratio approximately 1.3 to 1.4). Both sensitizers therefore led to a
      therapeutic benefit. However, although a approximately 10-fold lower dose of the
      more lipophylic sensitizer BENZO proved to be as effective as MISO at enhancing
      the tumoricidal effects of CCNU, this dose reduction did not result in a greater
      therapeutic gain for BENZO.

PMID- 6825078
TI  - Effect of whole-body hyperthermia on cell survival, metastasis frequency, and
      host immunity in moderately and weakly immunogenic murine tumors.
AB  - The effects of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) on animal tumors and on metastasis
      frequency were studied. The tumors were a chemically-induced fibrosarcoma, FSa-I,
      which is moderately immunogenic and a spontaneously arisen fibrosarcoma, FSa-II,
      which is very weakly immunogenic. The WBH was given at 42.5 degrees in an
      incubator which had an auxiliary heater for accurate temperature control. Animal
      core temperature reached 41.5 degrees in 30 min. The lung colony assay revealed
      that the WBH for 60 min given at 24 hr after i.v. injection of single cells gave
      no lethal damage to either FSa-I or -II tumor cells. A significant inhibition of
      tumor growth was found when large tumors were given three daily WBH treatments.
      The frequency of lung metastasis was enhanced when large weakly immunogenic FSa
      II tumors were treated by WBH, although no increase in the frequency was observed
      for FSa-I tumors of any size. Local hyperthermia did not significantly increase
      the metastasis rate of both tumors. These results suggest that the WBH might be
      useful for a treatment of large immunogenic tumors. However, the WBH is not a
      choice of treatment for possible micro-metastases.

PMID- 6825077
TI  - Purine and pyrimidine enzymic programs and nucleotide pattern in sarcoma.

PMID- 6825076
TI  - Comparison of lipids and lipid metabolism in a human glioma cell line, its clone,
      and oligodendroglia.
AB  - The human glioma cell line D-54 MG and one of its single-cell-derived clones
      exhibit some properties of oligodendroglia, including surface antigens, enzymatic
      activity, and absence of markers for astrocytes. The glioma cells were further
      examined for glycolipids characteristic of oligodendroglia. The glioma cells had
      only about 2% of the total lipids as galactolipids while oligodendroglia have
      10%. Incorporation studies showed only 25% of the incorporation of galactose into
      galactolipids as found in oligodendroglia. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol
      appeared to be increased. Several phospholipids exhibited high levels of
      incorporation of substrates, e.g., phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol.
      The ganglioside patterns were much less complex for the glioma cells. Thus, the
      glioma cells have greatly decreased amounts of glycolipids when compared to
      oligodendroglia. This finding is consistent with the theory that the loss of
      glycolipids on the cell surface may lead to the loss of regulation of contact
      inhibition.

PMID- 6825080
TI  - Effects of different dietary fats on mammary carcinogenesis.
AB  - Mammary tumor induction was examined in female Fischer rats fed a low-corn oil, a
      high-corn oil, a high-lard, a high-beef tallow, or a high-coconut oil diet since
      weaning. The diets were prepared by adding the experimental fat to a basal diet
      containing sufficient essential fatty acids for growth. These diets differed only
      in the concentration or type of dietary fat. The rats were given a single i.v.
      dose (50 mg/kg body weight) of N-nitrosomethylurea at 50 days of age. Mammary
      tumor incidences 28 weeks after N-nitrosomethylurea treatment in rats on low-corn
      oil, high-corn oil, high-lard, high-beef tallow, and high-coconut oil diets were
      33, 85, 65, 50, and 43%, respectively. The data show that an increase in fat
      intake enhances mammary carcinogenesis, but the magnitude of the increase depends
      on the type of fat. Further analyses showed that the total oleic and linoleic
      acid intake in the five groups of rats correlated positively (r = 0.95) with
      mammary tumor incidence, whereas the composition of the mammary tissue neutral
      lipids and phospholipids did not. Our data suggest that the total oleate and
      linoleate intake in the high-fat diet is the major factor influencing the
      incidence of tumors by N-nitrosomethylurea.

PMID- 6825081
TI  - Tumor proliferation and chemotherapy in immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - The influences on host immunosuppression by treatment with cyclophosphamide (200
      mg/kg), steroid (prednisolone, 12.0 mg/kg for seven doses or 235 mg/kg for one
      dose), and adult thymectomy on tumor growth were compared. Treatment with
      cyclophosphamide 24 hr prior to MOPC 104E tumor transplantation produced the
      greatest facilitation of tumor growth. The role of prednisolone in rendering the
      MOPC 104E cells more vulnerable to conventional chemotherapy was also
      investigated. The combination of prednisolone with melphalan added measurably to
      the cytotoxicity of the treatment and increased the percentage of disease-free
      survivors. The observed effects of prednisolone might have been due to the
      increase in the cycling of myeloma cells directly, or the drug may have
      facilitated growth of the myeloma by blocking host expansion of T-cell immunity.
      Alterations of the host by adult thymectomy and immunosuppression with
      cyclophosphamide or prednisolone led to growth facilitation of myeloma. The
      limited studies reported here point out the usefulness of facilitation of tumor
      growth to accomplish increased neoplastic cell kill and increased percentage of
      disease-free survivors.

PMID- 6825079
TI  - Effect of cancer cachexia and amiloride treatment on the intracellular sodium
      content in tissue cells.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the effects of a growing H6 hepatoma on
      the intracellular element content in three distinctly different tissue cell
      populations of the mouse host (hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and crystal
      enterocytes). X-ray microanalysis measurements of the intranuclear concentrations
      of several elements (sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and
      potassium) were made. Briefly, the tumor presence significantly increased
      intranuclear sodium concentration but not the concentration of magnesium,
      phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, or potassium in three tissue cell types of mice
      that were anorectic and cachectic. A second aim of the study was to see if
      injections of the diuretic amiloride, a drug reported to block passive influx of
      sodium into mammalian cells, would counteract the effect of the tumor presence
      and lower the intranuclear concentration of sodium towards that of a non-tumor
      bearing host. Amiloride did significantly lower the intranuclear level of sodium
      in the host tissues to that of non-tumor-bearing mice. The amiloride-caused
      decrease on intracellular sodium was correlated to a decreased cell proliferation
      activity in the tumor cells and duodenal enterocytes. A possible relationship
      between the intracellular concentration of sodium in tissue cells and cancer
      cachexia is discussed.

PMID- 6825083
TI  - Biochemical and antitumor effects of 5,8-dideazaisopteroylglutamate, a unique
      quinazoline inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.

PMID- 6825082
TI  - Cytotoxic activity relative to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide
      mustard concentrations in the plasma of cyclophosphamide-treated rats.

PMID- 6825084
TI  - Structure-activity studies of the carcinogenicities in the mouse and rat of some
      naturally occurring and synthetic alkenylbenzene derivatives related to safrole
      and estragole.
AB  - Twenty-three naturally occurring and synthetic alkenylbenzene derivatives
      structurally related to the hepatocarcinogen safrole (1-allyl-3,4
      methylenedioxybenzene) were assayed for their hepatocarcinogenicity in mice. Some
      of these compounds (safrole, estragole, eugenol, anethole, methyleugenol,
      myristicin, elemicin, and dill and parsley apiols) may be ingested in very small
      amounts by human as natural components of certain spices, essential oils, or
      vegetables. Estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) and its proximate carcinogenic
      metabolite 1'-hydroxyestragole, previously shown to induce hepatic tumors when
      administered to male CD-1 mice only during the preweaning period, also induced
      hepatic tumors on administration for 12 months in the diet of female CD-1 mice.
      Eugenol (1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene) and anethole (trans-4-methoxy-1
      propenylbenzene) were inactive in this assay; they were also inactive when
      administered i.p. during the preweaning period at total doses of up to 9.45
      mumol/mouse to male CD-1 or C57BL/6 x C3H F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) mice.
      Methyleugenol (1-ally-3,4-dimethoxybenzene) and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite had
      activities similar to those of estragole and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite for the
      induction of hepatic tumors in male B6C3F1 mice treated prior to weaning; 1-allyl
      1'-hydroxy-4-methoxynaphthalene was somewhat less active. At the levels tested,
      myristicin (1-allyl-5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene), elemicin (1-allyl-3,4,5
      trimethoxybenzene) and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite, dill apiol (1-allyl-2,3
      dimethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene), parsley apiol (1-allyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4
      methylenedioxybenzene), 1'-hydroxyallybenzene, 3'-hydroxyanethole, and benzyl and
      anisyl alcohols had no detectable activity for the initiation of hepatic tumors
      on administration to male mice prior to weaning. The acetylenic derivative 1'
      hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole was much more active than either 1'-hydroxysafrole
      or 1'-hydroxyestragole when administered to preweanling mice. The 2',3'-oxides of
      safrole, estragole, eugenol, and 1'-hydroxysafrole, which are metabolites of
      these alkenylbenzenes, had little or no activity in this test. The 2',3'-oxides
      of safrole and estragole and their 1'-hydroxy derivatives likewise had little or
      no activity for the induction of lung adenomas in female A/J mice or for the
      induction of tumors on repetitive injections s.c. in male Fischer rats. However,
      the 2',3'-oxides of safrole, estragole, eugenol, 1'-hydroxysafrole, and 1'
      hydroxyestragole, when administered topically to female CD-1 mice at relatively
      high doses, initiated benign skin tumors that could be promoted with croton oil.

PMID- 6825085
TI  - Selective protection by anguidine of normal versus transformed cells against 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and Adriamycin.
AB  - Anguidine, a protein synthesis inhibitor, has been shown previously to induce a
      reversible arrest of cell progression through all phases of the mitotic cycle
      without inducing appreciable cell kill. This "frozen" cell cycle state provided
      protection of Chinese hamster ovary cells against the lethal effects of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine, Adriamycin, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorouracil, and
      hyperthermia. We now report on the preferential induction of cytostasis by
      anguidine in normal WI-38 fibroblasts, occurring at one-tenth of the dosage
      required to inhibit the cycle progression of WI-38 VA13 cells, the SV40
      transformant. Pretreatment with anguidine at a concentration producing effective
      inhibition of normal cell cycle traverse while permitting sustained proliferation
      of transformed cells resulted in almost complete protection of WI-38 normal cells
      against the growth-inhibitory effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and
      Adriamycin, without reducing the antiproliferative effects of these two agents
      against WI-38 VA13 transformed cells. Thus, this cytokinetic concept of
      preferential normal tissue protection should be explored in vivo to increase the
      therapeutic index of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6825087
TI  - Metabolism of trichloroethylene in isolated hepatocytes, microsomes, and
      reconstituted enzyme systems containing cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The metabolism of the suspected carcinogen trichloroethylene (TCE) was studied in
      in vitro systems involving purified rat liver cytochrome P-450; rat, human, and
      mouse liver microsomes; rat lung microsomes; and isolated rat and mouse
      hepatocytes. The studies support the view that metabolism of TCE proceeds through
      formation of a complex with oxygenated cytochrome P-450 which, by rearrangement,
      can lead to: (a) suicidal heme destruction; (b) formation of chloral, which can
      be either reduced to trichloroethanol and conjugated to form a glucuronide or
      oxidized to trichloroacetic acid; (c) formation of TCE oxide, which decomposes to
      carbon monoxide and glyoxylate; and (d) metabolites which bind irreversibly to
      protein, DNA, and RNA. Studies with microsomes and reconstituted enzyme systems
      suggest that the contributions of the four major pathways described above vary
      depending upon the isozymes of cytochrome P-450 involved and that these pathways
      cannot be strictly correlated. Conjugation of products with glutathione does not
      appear to play a major role in TCE metabolism. Treatment of rats and mice with
      phenobarbital resulted in a number of alterations in metabolism which were more
      pronounced in the isolated hepatocyte system than in fortified microsomal
      incubations. In several cases where hepatocytes were used, the bulk of the
      metabolites which became irreversibly bound to DNA and protein could be trapped
      outside of the cells by including such macromolecules in the system, implying
      that metabolites which bind irreversibly must possess a reasonable degree of
      chemical stability. The results suggest that TCE oxide is not the TCE metabolite
      responsible for irreversible binding to protein and DNA. The levels of protein
      adducts and particularly DNA adducts formed were substantially higher in isolated
      C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mouse hepatocytes than in isolated Osborne-Mendel rat
      hepatocytes, and these results may help to explain species differences previously
      reported in carcinogen bioassays.

PMID- 6825086
TI  - Tumor dependence of observed thymidine index as a function of emulsion exposure.
AB  - The graphs of observed pulse thymidine index against duration of emulsion
      exposure for seven experimental tumor systems have been observed to exhibit
      significant differences; either they were parallel and displaced, or they were
      nonparallel. The immediate practical consequence of this phenomenon is that
      identical emulsion exposure times, other experimental conditions being equal, may
      not be sufficient to provide valid comparison of thymidine indices among tumors.
      A mathematical model is described which relates observed autoradiographic
      labeling index to the distribution of radioactive atoms among individual cells
      that initially incorporate labeled material. Two distributions for uptake are
      considered, and the results are compared. One model assumes uniform uptake, and
      the other assumes that the number of radioactive atoms among cells acquiring
      label follows a gamma distribution. The gamma-distributed uptake model fits the
      observed thymidine index data for the seven tumors and may be expressed as Lj(t)
      = a[1 - Qj(1 + bt) -u] where Lj(t) is the labeling index for emulsion exposure
      duration of t, Qj is a polynomial, and a, b, and u are adjustable parameters. The
      counting threshold for scoring a cell as labeled is j and for j = 1, Q1 = 1. The
      model indicates that the labeling index should increase with the duration of
      emulsion exposure and that this increase is related to the proportion of
      "lightly" labeled cells. The parameter a is the maximum expected labeling index,
      and an estimate of this parameter should theoretically be independent of emulsion
      exposure time.

PMID- 6825088
TI  - Effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine treatment and feeding regimen on rat colonic
      epithelial cell proliferation.
AB  - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      dihydrochloride (DMH) induces preneoplasia in rat colonic epithelium and that
      this DMH-altered epithelium will respond differently to various nutritional
      challenges in comparison to normal colonic epithelium. Preneoplasia was
      arbitrarily defined as an altered and irreversible state of colonic epithelial
      cell proliferation induced by a carcinogen (DMH). In summary, DMH was found to be
      specific for the enhancement of rat colonic epithelial cell proliferation
      compared to other rapidly renewing cell populations, i.e., ileal epithelium and
      ear epidermis. DMH-induced changes in rat colonic epithelial cell proliferation
      and crypt cellularity were found to be irreversible following a 2- to 8-week
      recovery period. The p.o. administration of the solid and liquid diets,
      regardless of chemical constituents, supported a DMH-induced increase in colonic
      epithelial cell proliferation; however, a DMH-induced increase in epithelial cell
      proliferation was not observed in rats maintained on total parenteral nutrition.
      Thus, the route of administration has a significant influence on epithelial cell
      proliferation in colonic epithelium of DMH-treated rats. The importance of these
      results, along with previous studies, is the establishment and initial
      characterization of an exploitable preneoplastic system in rat colonic
      epithelium. Particularly revealing was the finding that significant changes in
      crypt kinetic parameters induced by DMH treatment did not revert to control
      values following a 2- to 8-week recovery period. Based on an altered and
      irreversible state of colonic epithelial cell proliferation induced by DMH, it is
      concluded that: (a) the preneoplastic state is a committed state and is not
      dependent upon the continued presence of the carcinogen; and (b) all cryptal
      epithelium is preneoplastic, although not all cells progress to the overtly
      transformed state. In addition, total parenteral nutrition prevented the
      expression of a DMH-induced preneoplastic state of altered epithelial cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 6825089
TI  - Effect of pH on single or fractionated heat treatments at 42-45 degrees.
AB  - The temperature dependency of the pH-sensitizing effect was determined in cells
      exposed to single or fractionated heat treatments over the temperature range of
      42-45 degrees. Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to single graded heat
      treatments or to an initial heat treatment followed 10 hr later by second heat
      treatments. Sensitization was quantitated by comparing survival curve terminal
      slopes of cells heated at pH 7.4 or pH 6.7. Reduction in pH increased the
      sensitivity of cells exposed to single or fractionated treatments. The magnitude
      of this sensitizing effect was most pronounced at 42 degrees, regardless of the
      fractionation scheme and decreased with increasing temperature. At survival
      levels below approximately 0.15, low pH sensitization was greater by a factor of
      2 in cells exposed to fractionated compared to single heat treatments over the
      temperature range of 43-45 degrees. The increased sensitivity of cells exposed to
      fractionated heat treatments occurred as a result of reduction in medium pH
      between heat treatments which inhibited the development of thermoltolerance.

PMID- 6825091
TI  - Distribution of an estrogen-induced protein with a molecular weight of 24,000 in
      normal and malignant human tissues and cells.

PMID- 6825090
TI  - Heterogeneity of the surface material in isolated cells of transplantable hamster
      melanomas.
AB  - The heterogeneity of the surface material released by trypsin in isolated cells
      of melanotic and amelanotic melanomas was studied by the method of separation by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic
      patterns of the surface material derived from two kinds of melanoma showed some
      differences. The differences in the surface proteins and glycoproteins seem to be
      related to the biological properties of both melanomas.

PMID- 6825092
TI  - Effect of sodium butyrate on carcinoembryonic antigen production by human colonic
      adenocarcinoma cells in culture.

PMID- 6825093
TI  - Comparative carcinogenicity in A/J mice and metabolism by cultured mouse
      peripheral lung of N'-nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1
      butanone, and their analogues.

PMID- 6825094
TI  - Formation of cyclic 1,N2--adducts by reaction of deoxyguanosine with alpha
      acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine, 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)butanal, or
      crotonaldehyde.

PMID- 6825095
TI  - Development of resistance to glucocorticoid hormones during rat thymus cell
      differentiation: proteins associated with emergence of the resistant state.
AB  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect [35S]methionine-labeled
      newly synthesized proteins from both glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant
      thymus cells. Normal thymic lymphocytes were taken for the sensitive population;
      the resistant population was composed of medullary thymocytes obtained from rats
      treated with dexamethasone (10 mg per kg body weight per day) for 3 days. When
      the proteins from glucocorticoid-sensitive cells are compared to those from
      resistant cells, the majority of the congruent to 1000 proteins were similar;
      however, 18 proteins were different. There were 13 proteins that increase in the
      resistant state and 5 that decrease. One major change is the appearance of a new
      protein with a molecular weight of about 36,000 in resistant rat thymocytes. This
      protein is in the same position on the gels as is a protein found in
      corticosteroid-resistant P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma cells but not in the
      corticosteroid-sensitive cells. Control experiments indicate that the protein
      differences are neither components of fibrous tissue associated with the cells
      nor components of blood. Changes in the synthesis of a common set of proteins
      that are characteristic of the hormone-resistant state suggest that the presence
      of one or more of these proteins may confer resistance. The appearance of a
      single protein in two distinctly different cell types suggests it as the most
      likely candidate. This coincidence further suggests that tumor cells become
      resistant by selection of those cells that can express the same gene product as
      do those normal cells as they undergo immunological commitment.

PMID- 6825096
TI  - Serum regulation of the estrogen responsiveness of the human breast cancer cell
      line MCF-7.
AB  - Initially after receiving MCF-7 cells, we were able to confirm their estrogen
      responsiveness. We observed significant increases in thymidine incorporation, in
      thymidine kinase activity, and in cell numbers in response to 10(-8) M estradiol.
      Subsequently, however, the cells failed to show a response to estradiol. A growth
      response to estradiol could be restored by increasing the serum concentration in
      the medium. Cells grown in 15% serum (calf or human) responded to estradiol with
      increased rates of growth and thymidine incorporation and increased activities of
      thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase. We suggest that there is present in serum a
      "factor" which can influence the expression of a growth response to estradiol.

PMID- 6825097
TI  - In vitro and in vivo growth characteristics of two different cell populations in
      an established line of human neuroblastoma.
AB  - Two distinct cell morphologies were appreciated and separated in a long
      established culture line (CHP-100) of human neuroblastoma. Both cell types
      carried chromosomal markers characteristic of neuroblastoma cells and the parent
      line; in addition, separate karyotypic changes in each cell type established them
      as separate and enriched populations. A small, refractile cell, designated CHP
      100-S, was present and formed numerous cytoplasmic processes. A distinctly larger
      cell, CHP-100-L, was less refractile and lacked processes. The two cell types
      exhibited marked differences in adhesive properties in vitro. CHP-100-L adhered
      tightly to the culture flask and required enzymatic treatment for removal; CHP
      100-S adhered loosely and could be harvested into the medium by simply tapping
      the flask. These two harvesting procedures were used to obtain highly enriched
      populations of each cell type, both of which proved to be tumorigenic in the nude
      mouse. In vitro, no significant difference in growth rates was observed between
      CHP-100-S (doubling time, 26 hr) and CHP-100-L (21 hr). However, in the nude
      mice, following inoculation of equal cell numbers, CHP-100-L cells grew much
      larger tumors than did CHP-100-S cells (3- to 100-fold increases over 25 days).
      Local invasion was also noted more frequently with the CHP-100-L explants.
      Reculturing of the mouse explants showed that the distinct cell morphologies were
      maintained even after multiple passages. The presence of heterogeneous cell
      populations in single tumors is of much potential importance for the clinical and
      biological behavior of neoplasms. The present data establish cultured human
      neuroblastomas as one model for studies of cell heterogeneity and suggest
      potentially important ramifications for the different cell types observed in the
      growth patterns of this neoplasm.

PMID- 6825098
TI  - Reliable stereological method for estimating the number of microscopic
      hepatocellular foci from their transections.

PMID- 6825099
TI  - Characterization of the fibronectin synthesized by human germ cell tumors.
AB  - The ability of the human germ cell tumor cell lines Tera 1, Tera 2, PA-1, LICR
      LON HT 39/7, LICR LON HT3B1, and LICR LON HT 53 to synthesize and secrete
      fibronectin has been studied. The presence of cellular fibronectin was examined
      using indirect immunofluorescence, whereas the synthesis and secretion of the
      protein were studied using specific immunoprecipitation from cultures
      radioactively labeled with [35S]methionine. Two of the cell lines, LICR LON HT
      39/7 and Tera 1, did not synthesize fibronectin, whereas all the other cell lines
      did. Plasma membrane fibronectin could not be demonstrated on any of the cell
      lines, although cytoplasmic fibronectin was easily demonstrable. The cells appear
      therefore to synthesize fibronectin but not retain it. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the secreted fibronectin produced
      by the human teratoma cell lines showed that it had an apparent molecular weight
      greater than that produced by adult human breast fibroblasts or human plasma
      fibronectin. Peptide mapping of this secreted germ cell tumor fibronectin, by
      partial proteolytic cleavage, yielded peptide patterns similar to those obtained
      from either human plasma fibronectin or adult human breast fibroblast
      fibronectin. The difference in molecular weight between the fibronectins may
      therefore be due to changes in their patterns of glycosylation.

PMID- 6825100
TI  - DNA methylation by dimethylnitrosamine in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus): indications of a deficient, noninducible hepatic repair system for
      O6-methylguanine.

PMID- 6825102
TI  - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and cell division delays in human
      lymphocytes by microsomal activation of benzene.
AB  - Metabolic activation of benzene by rat liver microsomes and a reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system (S-9 mix) induced
      sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell division delays in cultured human
      lymphocytes. There were optimal concentrations of S-9 mix for the conversion of
      benzene into the active metabolites that exerted these cytotoxic effects. Reduced
      glutathione prevented the induction of SCEs by benzene plus S-9 mix in a dose
      dependent manner. Reduced glutathione (3 mM) also prevented the induction of SCEs
      by catechol or hydroquinone, active metabolites of benzene and potent inducers of
      SCEs, strongly suggesting that glutathione did not simply inhibit the activity of
      S-9 mix to activate benzene but actually prevented the production of DNA lesions
      by the active metabolites. Pulse treatment of cells with benzene plus S-9 mix
      produced the largest number of SCEs when administered at 40 hr of culture (fixed
      at 72 hr) but did not induce SCEs when administered immediately after the
      beginning of culture. This indicates that induced DNA lesions that could lead to
      formation of SCEs are removed in time.

PMID- 6825101
TI  - Incorporation of [125I]-5-iodo-2-thiouracil in cultured hamster, rabbit, and
      human melanoma cells.
AB  - The incorporation of [2-14C]-2-thiouracil and a series of [125I]-5-iodo-2
      thiouracils ([125I]ISUra(s)) into cultured Greene hamster melanoma cells was
      determined in order to establish their properties as false precursors in the
      melanin-biosynthetic pathway. The cold trichloroacetic acid-precipitable
      incorporation of [2-14C]-2-thiouracil as well as [125I]ISUra into melanoma cells
      after a 24- to 48-hr labeling period proved to be completely tyrosinase dependent
      (more than 99.5% inhibition could be achieved by 0.5 mM phenylthiourea).
      [125I]ISUra incorporation was 3-fold higher than was [2-14C]-2-thiouracil
      incorporation and was enhanced by 1 mM theophylline treatment. [125I]ISUra
      incorporation into hamster, rabbit, and human melanoma cells showed a linear
      relationship with cell melanin content. Methylation of the sulfur completely
      prevented the incorporation, while propylation but not methylation at position 6
      resulted in lower incorporation. [125I]ISUra proved to be a marker for
      melanogenesis and may be useful in studies on the differentiation of cultured
      melanoma cells.

PMID- 6825103
TI  - Independent induction of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in rats treated
      with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

PMID- 6825104
TI  - Comparative inhibiting effects of methylxanthines on urethan-induced tumors,
      malformations, and presumed somatic mutations in mice.

PMID- 6825105
TI  - Increased synthesis of hyaluronic acid by mouse mammary carcinoma cell variants
      with high metastatic potential.
AB  - Variant subpopulations of FM3A mouse mammary carcinoma cells that have increased
      lung-colonizing potential were obtained previously by sequentially harvesting
      pulmonary metastases, culturing their cells in vitro, and reestablishing the
      metastases in vivo. In the present study, glycosaminoglycan production by the
      parental and variant cells was studied after metabolic labeling of cultures by
      [14C]glucosamine for 24 hr. Analysis of the products indicated that the rate of
      incorporation of the labeled precursor into hyaluronic acid in the high
      metastatic variant cells was 27 to 54 times the rate in the low-metastatic
      variant cells and that the increase in hyaluronic acid synthesis was not
      associated with an increase in the rate of synthesis of other glycosaminoglycans.
      Both the cell layers and media of high-metastatic variants contained a much
      higher proportion of radioactivity in hyaluronic acid than did the corresponding
      fractions of low-metastatic cell lines. The results provide a basis for further
      investigation of the potential role of hyaluronic acid in control of the behavior
      of epithelial tumor cells during metastasis.

PMID- 6825106
TI  - Augmentation of the response of normal mammary epithelial cells to estradiol by
      mammary stroma.
AB  - A two-dimensional monolayer culture system is described in which mammary stromal
      cells and colonies of normal epithelium are allowed to confront each other en
      bloc. Epithelial (and stromal) cell growth was inhibited by confrontation.
      Epithelial cell growth was reinitiated by estradiol (10(-8) M) but not by
      dexamethasone. Reinitiated growth was inhibited by tamoxifen (10(-6) M). Contact
      between stromal cells and epithelium was critical for the response to estradiol,
      and photomicrographic evidence was obtained that estradiol stimulated invasion of
      the stroma-epithelia interface. These observations are organized into a model for
      mitogenic action of estradiol that seems to reconcile observed disparities in the
      action of the hormone in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6825107
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with melphalan plus glutaminase.

PMID- 6825108
TI  - Intraperitoneal immunotherapy of human ovarian carcinoma with Corynebacterium
      parvum.
AB  - Corynebacterium parvum has been administered i.p. to 14 patients with advanced
      ovarian cancer. Two patients had responded completely to cytoreductive surgery
      and combination chemotherapy prior to immunotherapy, and one patient with
      residual disease had received only a single course of C. parvum due to i.p.
      catheter malfunction. Among the 11 patients with residual disease evaluable for
      response, from three to eight i.p. treatments with C. parvum produced surgically
      confirmed tumor regression in five patients (45%) with three partial responses
      and two complete responses of 5 and 12 months duration. All responders had (a)
      multiple tumor nodules less than 0.5 cm at the initiation of immunotherapy, and
      (b) severe abdominal pain and fever after C. parvum injection. Overall, 58
      courses of immunotherapy were associated with abdominal pain (91%), fever (67%),
      nausea (52%), vomiting (31%), and hypotension that responded promptly to i.v.
      infusion of fluids (10%). Use of i.p. cathethers was associated with two episodes
      each of infection and intraabdominal bleeding. Administration of C. parvum i.p.
      has augmented the ability of human peritoneal cells to lyse human ovarian
      carcinoma cell lines in the presence of specific rabbit heteroantiserum. C.
      parvum administered i.p. has inhibited the growth of human ovarian carcinoma and
      may prove useful for modulating the activity of human effectors for antibody
      dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6825109
TI  - Bisantrene, an active new drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Forty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer who had previously received
      extensive conventional systemic therapy, including combination chemotherapy with
      doxorubicin, were treated with Bisantrene, a new anthracene derivative. The dose
      schedule was 250 to 300 mg/sq m body surface administered as a 1- to 2-hr i.v.
      infusion. Of 40 evaluable patients, there were nine partial responses, and 18
      patients had stable disease. Responses were seen in all major sites of organ
      involvement with a median time to progression of 28 weeks. Moreover, responses
      were seen among patients who had either failed to respond or had demonstrated
      refractoriness to prior therapy with doxorubicin, suggesting an apparent lack of
      cross-resistance between doxorubicin and Bisantrene. Except for myelosuppression
      and one incidence of acute anaphylactoid reaction, Bisantrene was generally well
      tolerated by most patients. We believe that Bisantrene may ultimately have a
      major role in the effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and further
      clinical trials are warranted.

PMID- 6825110
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of vinblastine by continuous intravenous infusion.
AB  - Vinblastine (VLB) is moderately active clinically against advanced breast cancer.
      Since VLB is extensively taken up by platelets and thus only partially available
      to tumor cells, to enhance the therapeutic index of VLB we have therefore
      administered this agent by continuous i.v. infusion to patients with advanced
      breast cancer. In conjunction with the clinical trial, we conducted
      pharmacokinetic studies of generally tritiated VLB, using radiochemical and
      chromatographic techniques. The elimination of VLB from the plasma of patients
      who received it by 5-day i.v. infusion at 1 to 2 mg/sq m daily was biphasic. In
      four patients who achieved partial remission, the average plasma half-life of VLB
      during the terminal phase was 29.4 +/- 14.6 days, with a total clearance of 36 +/
      8 ml/kg/hr, and a steady-state apparent volume of distribution of 28.1 +/- 8.5
      liters/kg. However, in three patients whose disease merely stabilized, the plasma
      half-life was 6.4 +/- 1.6 days, the total clearance was 137 +/- 2.9 ml/kg/hr, and
      the volume of distribution was 33.0 +/- 11.6 liters/kg. In contrast, in five
      patients with refractory disease, these parameters were 2.3 +/- 0.3 days, 541 +/-
      124 ml/kg/hr, and 37.6 +/- 8.6 liters/kg. Since the apparent volumes of
      distributions at steady state did not differ significantly among these three
      groups, whereas the values of the total clearance were markedly dissimilar, the
      plasma half-lives of VLB were significantly shorter in patients not responsive to
      continuous infusion therapy with this drug. Although the number of patients
      studied was small, it nevertheless appears that favorable clinical response of
      patients with advanced breast cancer is associated with slow total clearance of
      the drug.

PMID- 6825112
TI  - Determination and pharmacology of a new hydroxylated metabolite of tamoxifen
      observed in patient sera during therapy for advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A new hydroxylated metabolite of tamoxifen, Metabolite Y [trans-1-(p-beta
      hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene] was characterized and subsequently
      measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum from patients
      receiving normal (10 mg twice daily) and high dose (greater than or equal to 150
      mg twice daily) tamoxifen therapy for treatment of advanced breast cancer. In
      normal-dose patients, the serum level of Metabolite Y ranged between 6 and 60
      ng/ml. This contrasted with serum levels of 80 to 180 ng/ml for tamoxifen and 200
      to 300 ng/ml for N-desmethyltamoxifen, the major metabolite of tamoxifen. Serum
      levels of all three components were unchanged in one patient during the 24 hr
      after the cessation of tamoxifen therapy. Maximum serum levels of Metabolite Y
      were 800 ng/ml with concentrations of 1 micrograms/ml for tamoxifen and 2
      micrograms/ml for N-desmethyltamoxifen in a patient on a 2-year course of high
      dose therapy. Metabolite Y inhibited the binding of 17 beta-[3H]-estradiol to rat
      uterine and human breast carcinoma estrogen receptor. However, this metabolite
      was only weakly active: monohydroxytamoxifen [relative binding affinity (RBA) =
      280]; tamoxifen (RBA = 6); Metabolite E (RBA = 3); N-desmethyltamoxifen (RBA =
      4); Metabolite Y (RBA = 0.5). In 3-day immature rat uterine weight tests,
      Metabolite Y was a partial agonist with weak antiestrogenic activity. Although
      Metabolite Y has only weak activity, this compound would be expected to
      contribute to the overall antiestrogenic and antitumor properties of tamoxifen
      during therapy.

PMID- 6825111
TI  - New human renal carcinoma cell line established from a patient with
      erythrocytosis.
AB  - A continuous human renal carcinoma cell line (GKA) has been established from a
      patient with the paraneoplastic syndrome of erythrocytosis. The cells are
      epithelioid and anchorage dependent and have a doubling time in vitro of 48 to 72
      hr. They exhibit a modal karyotype of 45,XX with abnormalities in chromosomes 3
      and 9 and an absent chromosome 17 as determined by quinacrine mustard staining.
      Line GKA secretes erythropoietin activity into its growth medium, consistent with
      the biology of the tumor in vivo. This unique cell line will permit an
      investigation of the cellular physiology of this carcinoma and should result in
      clonal sublines with high erythropoietin-secretory activities.

PMID- 6825113
TI  - Accumulation of a blood group antigen precursor in oral premalignant lesions.
AB  - Epithelial cell membrane-bound blood group antigens A and B are lost in
      premalignant and malignant oral lesions. We now show that this loss in
      premalignant lesions is accompanied by accumulation of a blood group antigen
      precursor. The precursor structures were: type 2 chain H-antigen, Fuc alpha 1
      leads to 2 Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc-R (A and B precursor); and N
      acetyllactosamine, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (H-precursor), in which Fuc is L-fucose,
      Gal is galactose, and GIcNAc is N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. They were demonstrated in
      tissue sections by immunohistochemical staining techniques with monoclonal
      antibodies to H-antigen and N-acetyllactosamine. Precursors were found only on
      basal and suprabasal cells of normal mucosa. In all nine of ten premalignant
      lesions, the H-antigen was found on all cell membranes in the epithelium, in
      higher titers than in normal adjacent epithelium. Ten carcinomas were studied,
      and all showed an irregular distribution of H-antigen. N-Acetyllactosamine was
      not found in premalignant or malignant lesions. The accumulation of type 2 chain
      H-antigen in oral premalignant lesions may prove helpful in early diagnosis of
      epithelial cancer.

PMID- 6825114
TI  - MOPC 104E plasmacytoma functional heterogeneity and maturational potential in
      culture.
AB  - MOPC 104E plasmacytoma secretes an immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein which
      reacts specifically with dextran B-1355. We separated plasmacytoma cells into
      subfractions by density gradient centrifugation. The majority of cells isolated
      from the peritoneal washes 3 days following i.p. transplantation of tumor were in
      active cell cycle and had a density of 1.055 or 1.065 g/ml. Cells isolated from 9
      day-old ascites were confined to the heavy-density fraction (1.085 g/ml). The
      majority of these cells were not in proliferative phase. Functional analysis of
      the fractions using rosette formation and plaque formation assays indicated that
      cells in active cell cycle had less surface IgM and secreted less IgM than did
      cells not in cell cycle. An attempt was made to establish a cultured cell line of
      MOPC 104E plasmacytoma. The majority of the cells of the continuously cultured
      cell line were in active cell cycle, had less surface IgM, and secreted less IgM.
      Cultured cells acquired more cell surface IgM and actively secreted IgM following
      their secondary colonization in 0.8% methylcellulose. These studies showed that
      the new line of MOPC 104E retained the properties of the original ascites tumor.
      An important feature of these studies is that the density of cells within a
      colony is a stable property and is probably not related to cell cycle.

PMID- 6825115
TI  - Effects of amphotericin B on adriamycin and melphalan cytotoxicity in human and
      murine ovarian carcinoma and in L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 6825116
TI  - Persistence of ethyl carbamate-induced DNA damage in vivo as indicated by sister
      chromatid exchange analysis.
AB  - Various treatment protocols were designed to investigate sister chromatid
      exchanges (SCEs) induced over successive posttreatment cell cycles in bone marrow
      and alveolar macrophage cells following treatment of C57BL/6J X DBA/2J F1 mice by
      i.p. injection of ethyl carbamate (3.3 mmol/kg). The same initial extent of
      alkylation in bone marrow and alveolar macrophages was suggested by identical SCE
      frequencies produced in both cell types by a one-cycle exposure protocol. The
      relatively lower responses in bone marrow cells by all other protocols may be a
      result of its faster mean population-cycling time. Second- and third-division
      cell SCE data produced by the various protocols indicate persistence of SCE
      inducing lesions with no evidence of repair. In spite of the demonstrated lack of
      repair, first-cycle ethyl carbamate treatment was less effective than was second
      cycle treatment in inducing SCEs. These results could not be attributed to
      selection of less-damaged cells over 2 cycles or to enhanced bromodeoxyuridine
      sensitivity in the second-cycle treatment protocol. It is speculated that the
      apparent cancellation of SCEs occurring over two successive cycles in the two
      cycle exposure protocol may indicate the transient presence of ethyl carbamate
      induced DNA interstrand cross-links. A possible mechanism of action of ethyl
      carbamate involving the formation of a transient cross-link and a persistent DNA
      monoadduct is postulated.

PMID- 6825118
TI  - Glutathione elevation during thermotolerance induction and thermosensitization by
      glutathione depletion.
AB  - Chinese hamster V79 cells were made thermotolerant by either continuous heating
      at 42.5 degrees or by fractionated 43 degrees exposures with interfraction
      incubation at 37 degrees. For both methods of thermotolerance induction,
      elevations in cellular glutathione (GSH) were observed. Additionally, GSH was
      also shown to be elevated following a 1-hr exposure to 6% ethanol, which also
      induces thermotolerance. These elevations in cellular GSH preceded
      thermotolerance induction in regard to cell survival. To determine if a reduction
      in cellular GSH prior to or during heating at 42.5 degrees would influence
      thermotolerance, GSH levels were reduced by either pretreatment with
      diethylmaleate, an agent that binds GSH, or treatment during heating with
      buthionine sulfoximine, an agent that inhibits GSH synthesis. Both depleting
      protocols resulted in thermosensitization. These data suggest that GSH may be
      important in the early cellular response to thermal stress.

PMID- 6825117
TI  - Regulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase levels in rat liver and
      kidney.
AB  - It was found that rat kidney contains a protein similar to that previously
      described in rat liver which catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from O6
      methylguanine in DNA to a protein-bound cysteine residue. The amount of the renal
      O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was increased up to 2.5-fold during renal
      hypertrophy in response to unilateral nephrectomy or treatment with folic acid.
      These results indicate that the protein in kidney resembles that in rat liver
      which is known to be increased in response to a variety of hepatotoxins or to
      partial hepatectomy. The liver O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was reduced
      by hypophysectomy or thyroidectomy and could be increased by treatment with
      growth hormone or thyroxine. The level in the liver was considerably lower than
      the adult value in 1-day-old rats and increased to adult values by 14 to 21 days.
      At no time was the amount in the neonatal rat liver higher than in the adult,
      indicating that liver cell proliferation alone is not obligatorily coupled with
      an elevated methyltransferase level. The high sensitivity of neonatal rats to
      liver carcinogenesis by dimethylnitrosamine may be related to the high rate of
      cell proliferation and the lower capacity to repair O6-methylguanine.

PMID- 6825120
TI  - Clinical evaluation of long-term, continuous-infusion doxorubicin.

PMID- 6825119
TI  - Role of glutathione in the hypoxic cell cytotoxicity of misonidazole.
AB  - Misonidazole (MIS) is a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer currently undergoing Phase
      III clinical trials in the treatment of cancer by radiation. It is also a
      cytotoxic agent with specificity toward hypoxic cells, and consequently has a
      tumoricidal effect in laboratory animals. This tumoricidal effect has not been
      clinically applicable, in part because the initial resistance to the cytotoxic
      action of MIS (the nonexponential portion, or shoulder, of the semilogarithmic
      plot of the surviving fraction of the cell population versus the time of exposure
      to MIS, referred to hereafter as the shoulder of the survival curve) for cells
      treated with MIS under hypoxic conditions is too large to be overcome at
      clinically tolerable doses of MIS. We report here that pretreatment of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells in vitro with diethylmaleate to deplete intracellular
      glutathione results in a substantial decrease in the shoulder of the survival
      curve for MIS-treated hypoxic cells. Restoration of glutathione results in
      restoration of the shoulder of the survival curve and a slight extension beyond
      that seen with control cells. These results demonstrate that glutathione protects
      against the cytotoxic effect of MIS. However, glutathione depletion does not
      significantly affect the rate of binding of MIS metabolites to cellular
      macromolecules, indicating that the cytotoxicity of MIS is not simply a
      reflection of massive binding of MIS metabolites to cellular constituents. We
      propose that the cytotoxicity of MIS toward hypoxic cells is a result of hydrogen
      abstraction from target molecules by free radicals formed in the reduction of the
      nitro group.

PMID- 6825121
TI  - Phase I trial of 10-deaza-aminopterin in patients with advanced cancer.
AB  - The clinical effects of 10-deaza-aminopterin, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate
      reductase with a better therapeutic index against several murine tumors than that
      of methotrexate, were examined during the course of a phase I study in patients
      with advanced malignant neoplasms. Three escalating dose schedules were explored:
      single iv injections once daily, single iv injections twice weekly, and
      continuous infusion. The maximum tolerated doses were: single injections at a
      dose of 7 mg/m2/day for 5 days; single injections at a dose of 15 mg/m2 twice
      weekly for four to six doses; and continuous infusion at a dose of 3 mg/m2/day
      for 5-6 days in patients with solid tumors and until bone marrow hypoplasia in
      patients with leukemia. Mucositis was dose-limiting in all schedules.
      Occasionally, mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and skin rash were noted. A
      minor antitumor response was seen in a patient with gallbladder carcinoma. Marked
      leukemic cell kill was observed in several patients with acute leukemia or
      blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Disease-oriented phase II trials
      are planned at this Center for several tumor varieties.

PMID- 6825122
TI  - Phase II trial of the dopaminergic inhibitor pimozide in previously treated
      melanoma patients.
AB  - Pimozide, a potent neuroleptic which inhibits the release of pituitary releasing
      factors and is an effective dopamine antagonist, was administered to 30 patients
      with previously treated metastatic melanoma. Six patients were inevaluable
      because of poor drug tolerance (two), disease progression within 1 week and death
      within 2 weeks (three), and death from other causes (one). Among the 24 evaluable
      patients, two had complete response, two had partial response, and two had
      disease stabilization. Responses were observed in soft tissue, lymph nodes,
      liver, and lung. Toxic effects consisted of extrapyramidal manifestations in nine
      patients and malaise in seven. Pimozide has activity in patients with previously
      treated metastatic melanoma (17% response rate in evaluable patients) and merits
      consideration of further study in combination regimens.

PMID- 6825123
TI  - Phase I study of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate.
AB  - A phase I study of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate was conducted in 20 adults with
      advanced cancer. Tricyclic nucleoside phosphate was given as an iv infusion over
      15 minutes once every 3 weeks; the doses ranged from 25 to 350 mg/m2. Beginning
      at a dose of 250 mg/m2, hyperglycemia and elevation of hepatocellular enzymes
      were observed; at a dose of 350 mg/m2, two patients developed irreversible liver
      damage. Patients at all dose levels experienced reduction in serum phosphorus;
      reduction of serum calcium was noted only with the two highest doses. Nausea and
      vomiting occurred occasionally. Myelosuppression was not a prominent toxic
      effect. No major therapeutic responses were noted. Further clinical trials
      employing this schedule are probably not warranted.

PMID- 6825124
TI  - Correlation of cellular tritiated thymidine incorporation with soft agar
      clonogenicity in chemosensitivity testing of human neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 6825125
TI  - Activity of two phase I drugs, homoharringtonine and tricyclic nucleotide,
      against surgical explants of human tumors in the 6-day subrenal capsule assay.

PMID- 6825126
TI  - Action of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin on P388 leukemia and distribution of the
      drug in mice.
AB  - As an inhibitor of the growth of P388 leukemia in mice, (S)-10
      hydroxycamptothecin (OPT) was as potent as the parent compound camptothecin
      (CPT). Incorporation of thymidine into DNA was the parameter most sensitive to
      OPT in vitro (ED50 approximately 4 micrograms/ml), but incorporation of cytidine
      into RNA and of acetate into lipids was also reduced significantly in the
      presence of the drug. The cytofluorometric profile suggested suppression of the S
      and G2/M phases. The distribution of OPT in mice at 2 and 24 hours after ip
      injection (10 mg/kg) was essentially similar to that of CPT, with the exception
      of a somewhat greater concentration of CPT in the liver. In their pharmacology,
      OPT and CPT appear to be very similar, despite reports that the hydroxy
      derivative is less toxic.

PMID- 6825127
TI  - Maytansine as a cause of acute proliferative disorder of bladder urothelium in
      the rat.
AB  - Male Wistar Lewis rats were injected with maytansine at a total dose of 0.425 to
      0.6 mg/kg over a 3-week period. Biopsies taken at 5 weeks showed that 23% of the
      bladders had hyperplasia or other abnormalities. Of the bladder biopsies done for
      the first time at 8 weeks, 80% demonstrated papillary hyperplasia. A small number
      of biopsies at 13 and 19 weeks still showed hyperplasia and minimal inflammatory
      reaction. These results were seen regardless of prior biopsy, the presence of
      bladder calculi, and/or the dose level used. It is not clear from the data
      whether the observed changes are reversible or precarcinogenic. However, these
      changes closely resembled the histologic features described in the evolution of
      bladder cancer in rats fed N-C4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl formamide.

PMID- 6825128
TI  - Repeated femoral vein cannulation for administration of chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - A cannulation set has been designed for repeated short-term infusion of vesicant
      chemotherapeutic agents via the femoral vein. The major complication was
      thrombophlebitis in 2.1% of infusions. The procedure provides reliable venous
      access when therapeutic plans are changed or when the inability to provide
      catheter care makes an indwelling catheter unwarranted.

PMID- 6825129
TI  - Phase II trial of spirogermanium for treatment of advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 6825130
TI  - Inefficacy of sc Corynebacterium parvum in stage I malignant melanoma:
      preliminary results of a single-institution pilot study.

PMID- 6825132
TI  - Is further intensification of treatment warranted in acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia?

PMID- 6825131
TI  - Phase II evaluation of spirogermanium in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 6825133
TI  - [Soviet health care and medical science].

PMID- 6825134
TI  - [Serum magnesium after maximal physical exertion and its relation to certain
      indicators of physical fitness].

PMID- 6825135
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with piroxicam (Feldene)].

PMID- 6825136
TI  - [Direct fluorometry of porphyrins. Significance for clinical practice and the
      etiology of porphyrias].

PMID- 6825137
TI  - [Concentration of catalytic isoamylase activity evaluated by routine
      chromatographic and inhibition methods].

PMID- 6825138
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus and its role in the development of hepatic carcinoma].

PMID- 6825139
TI  - [Tests of leukocyte and platelet kinetics. Possibilities of their use in clinical
      diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6825140
TI  - [Experience with the Synpor I filter in the measurement of erythrocyte
      deformability].

PMID- 6825141
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy in ancylostomiasis].

PMID- 6825142
TI  - [Increasing the demands for Marxist-Leninist training of physicians and
      pharmacists].

PMID- 6825143
TI  - [Electroencephalogram analysis during psychological tests].

PMID- 6825144
TI  - [Recirculation at the level of cardiopulmonary circulation. A model depicted on a
      computer].

PMID- 6825146
TI  - [Autoregulation of blood flow through the brain as studied on a model].

PMID- 6825145
TI  - [Factor structure of cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-age men after 18 months
      of conditioned endurance training].

PMID- 6825147
TI  - [How computerized tomography influenced our approach to craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 6825148
TI  - [Epidural spinal cord hemorrhage].

PMID- 6825149
TI  - [The bobble-head doll syndrome associated with a cyst in the 3d ventricle].

PMID- 6825150
TI  - [Intraspinal lipoma diagnosed by computer tomography].

PMID- 6825151
TI  - [Lisuride in the treatment of hyperfunctioning hypophyseal adenomas].

PMID- 6825152
TI  - [The problem of operation timing in bleeding intracranial aneurysms].

PMID- 6825153
TI  - Extensive proliferative capacity of haematopoietic stem cells.
AB  - The proliferative capacity of the presumed pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell
      (CFUs) was assessed. Repeated (monthly) depletion of this cell population vivo by
      the alkylating agent TEM was followed by repopulation of the haematopoietic
      system. The cumulative number of doublings of the CFUs population was estimated
      to be about 158. It is therefore concluded that either the CFUs do not represent
      the stem cell population; or, any intrinsic lifespan must be beyond this number
      of cell doublings.

PMID- 6825154
TI  - Spermatogonial multiplication in the Chinese hamster. II. Cell cycle properties
      of undifferentiated spermatogonia.
AB  - The cell cycle properties of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the Chinese
      hamster were analysed by the fraction of labelled mitoses technique (FLM) in
      whole mounted seminiferous tubules. The minimum cell cycle time (Tc) was found to
      be c. 90 hr for the As and 87 hr for the Apr and Aal spermatogonia, which is
      appreciably longer than for the differentiating types A2-B2 spermatogonia (60
      hr). This is mainly accounted for by a longer tG1. In general the variability in
      the duration of the cell cycle phases is greater than for differentiating
      spermatogonia. From the shape and position of the second peak of the FLM curve it
      could be concluded that the undifferentiated spermatogonia either cycle with a Tc
      of c. 87-90 hr, or become arrested in G1. This implies that the decrease in
      proliferative activity of the undifferentiated spermatogonia after stage IV takes
      place by the arrest of progressively more cells, i.e. by a gradual decrease of
      the growth fraction, and not by a gradual lengthening of tG1. The arrested cells
      either differentiate into A1 spermatogonia and divide in stage IX, or remain
      undifferentiated and are stimulated to enter S again during the following
      epithelial cycle. It could be deduced from the heights of the second FLM peaks of
      As and Apr spermatogonia that once triggered into active cycle, the daughter
      cells of As spermatogonia that became Apr have a greater chance to continue
      cycling than those that became new As cells.

PMID- 6825155
TI  - A cell kinetic method for the mitotic selection of treated G2 cells.
AB  - G2 cells treated with 150 rad X-radiation were isolated from a monolayer culture
      of exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by a combination of
      125Iododeoxyuridine ([125I]UdR)-induced blockade of S-phase cell progression,
      treatment and mitotic selection (125I-TMS technique). Once the rate at which
      cells were selected from a small window in mitosis was established (Schneiderman
      et al., 1972), the cells were exposed to 10 microCi/ml, carrier-free [125I]UdR
      for 10 min immediately before treatment with 150 rads X-radiation. After X
      irradiation the cells located later in the cell cycle than the X-ray-induced
      division delay transition point (TPx), at or just prior to prophase, progressed
      without delay and were selected during the next 50 min (Walters & Petersen, 1968;
      Schneiderman et al., 1972). The G2- and S-phase cells, located prior to the TPx,
      sustained a transitory delay and resumed progression into mitosis only after
      recovery from the radiation insult (Terasima & Tolmach, 1963). However, S-phase
      cells having incorporated [125I]UdR during the pulse label were prevented from
      entering mitosis (Schneiderman & Hofer, 1980) and only the X-ray-treated G2 cells
      resumed progression into mitosis and were selected.

PMID- 6825156
TI  - A comparison of the use of bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine in studies of the
      cell cycle.
AB  - Untransformed Syrian hamster fibroblasts in short-term culture were studied by
      means of [3H]thymidine autoradiography combined with differential staining after
      continuous exposure to bromodeoxyuridine. Fractions of 3H-labelled metaphases
      (FLM) and of differentially stained metaphases (FDM) were determined in
      sequential samples. The resulting FLM and FDM curves are in close agreement, in
      sequential samples. The resulting FLM and FDM curves are in close agreement,
      except at later sample times (10 hr onwards), when the FLM is greater than the
      FDM. This inefficiency on the part of the bromodeoxyuridine technique in the
      detection of cells in early S-phase leads to an underestimate of the average
      duration of S compared with that derived from autoradiography. Grain counts
      suggest that only a small proportion of total DNA synthesis is missed. FLM and
      FDM curves from both diploid and tetraploid cells are very similar. Despite the
      inefficiency in the detection of cells in early S phase, the bromodeoxyuridine
      technique has a number of useful features in studies of the cell cycle. It is
      possible to distinguish pre-S cells from G2 cells unambiguously, and cells in
      their first cycle can be distinguished from those in their second with a much
      greater efficiency than by autoradiography. The technique is consistent and has
      no problems from background or the consequent need for thresholds in scoring. As
      is demonstrated here, the two methods can be combined, the differential staining
      being little affected by the autoradiographic procedures.

PMID- 6825157
TI  - Adenosine deaminase in renal ontogeny and compensatory hypertrophy in the rat.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated a possible link between cell proliferation and
      adenosine deaminase (ADase); the characteristics and specific activity of ADase
      in the kidney of neonatal rats and unilaterally nephrectomized rats were
      therefore determined. The enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of 35,000.
      Two variants with electrophoretic points at pH 4 x 53 (ADase I) and 4 x 63 (ADase
      II) were resolved by analytical isoelectric focusing. Enzyme activity was high in
      newborn rats (250 milliunits/mg protein) but declined to about 150 milliunits/mg
      protein from 20 days old to maturity. Enzyme activity and its biochemical
      characteristics were not altered in compensatory renal hypertrophy (CRH).

PMID- 6825158
TI  - Erythropoietin-dependent and erythropoietin-independent enhancement of colony
      formation by immature erythroid progenitors (BFUe).
AB  - The erythropoietin (epo)-dependent burst forming activities (BFA) of foetal calf
      serum (FCS), mouse bone marrow cells (BFA-cell) and lectin-stimulated mouse
      spleen conditioned medium (BFA-mscm) were investigated. Burst enhancement by BFA
      mscm was independent of FCS concentration above 5% FCS. The activity of BFA-cell
      was directly proportional to FCS concentration. There was a high correlation for
      the relationship between the logarithm of total cell concentration and the
      logarithm of burst number for each concentration of FCS. Burst formation in the
      presence of BFA-cell showed a high epo requirement whereas plateau numbers of
      bursts were evident at concentrations of 1 to 2 units of epo/ml in cultures
      containing BFA-mscm. The epo-independent developmental activities (EIDA) of BFA
      cell and BFA-mscm were examined in methylcellulose cultures to which the addition
      of epo was delayed for up to four days. Under all conditions examined, the number
      of bursts formed in the presence of BFA-cell declined with increasing delay of
      epo addition. Studies on the kinetics of haemoglobin synthesis in such
      experiments demonstrated that this decline in colony number was associated with a
      delay in haemoglobin synthesis. Burst formation in cultures containing various
      levels of BFA-mscm was independent of the time of epo addition. These results
      indicate that the burst enhancing ability of BFA-mscm is directly related to its
      EIDA whereas bone marrow cells appear to lack this activity.

PMID- 6825159
TI  - Spermatogonial multiplication in the Chinese hamster. I. Cell cycle properties
      and synchronization of differentiating spermatogonia.
AB  - The cell cycle properties of the six successive generations of differentiating
      spermatogonia in the Chinese hamster were analysed by the fraction of labelled
      mitoses technique (FLM). Except for the A1 spermatogonia most of which have a
      longer cell cycle time (Tc), Tc was found to be c. 60 hr for all types of
      differentiating spermatogonia. As in the mouse and the rat this represents c. 14%
      of the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. With ongoing
      differentiation, ts of the differentiating spermatogonia increases from 14 to 25
      hr, while tG2 shortens from 22 to 10 hr, ts + tG2 remaining at around 35 hr
      throughout. Autoradiography of whole mounted seminiferous tubules at 1 hr after
      injection of [3H]thymidine, and experiments with Ara-C revealed that the
      differentiating spermatogonia traverse S in sharply defined tubular segments.
      Thus adjacent clones of differentiating spermatogonia start and finish their S
      phase at virtually the same moment. This synchronization is not yet fully
      established among the first generation, as clones of A1 spermatogonia in the S
      phase were found intermingled with A1 cells in other phases of the cell cycle.
      Since there is little variation in tS and tG2 in the A1 spermatogonia, it was
      concluded that adjacent clones of A2 spermatogonia do not always arise at the
      same moment. Yet A2 spermatogonia do start S synchronously, and the FLM study
      confirms the expected variability in their tG1. A hypothesis is proposed that
      each generation of differentiating spermatogonia receives a stimulus to divide
      from outside the spermatogonial compartment. This would ensure the synchronous
      behaviour of adjacent clones and the strict relationship of the pattern of
      proliferation to the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.

PMID- 6825160
TI  - Changes in stem cell compartments in CBA mice after treatment by serum obtained
      from leucophoretic rats.
AB  - Leucophoretic rat serum (LS) obtained from rats previously treated by i.p.
      injection of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), specifically stimulates proliferation of
      morphologically recognizable granulocytic cells in vivo. In this work the effect
      of the same serum on CFU-c and CFU-s was studied. It was demonstrated that a
      single injection of LS induced firstly (after 12 hr) an increase in CFU-c and
      afterwards, at 24 and 48 hr, increase in CFU-s. It was therefore concluded that
      the humoral factor present in LS, stimulating primarily the proliferating
      granulocytic cell compartment, has some effect on CFU-c, while the effect on the
      CFU-s cell compartment is secondary to the changes in more mature cell
      compartments.

PMID- 6825161
TI  - Cell death in the external granular layer of normal and undernourished rats:
      further observations, including estimates of rate of cell loss.
AB  - Pyknotic nuclei in the external granular layer (EGL) of the rat cerebellum
      accounted for 0.6-0.8% of the total cell population in the first and third post
      natal weeks and 1.4% at day 12. A wave of cell death induced by hydroxyurea
      showed an exponential decrease after 12 hr, from which a mean duration for
      pyknoses of about 6.5 hr was calculated. Undernutrition delayed the clearance of
      pyknotic nuclei following hydroxyurea, the mean duration being 24.5 hr. It is
      concluded that cell death does not significantly influence cell acquisition in
      the developing cerebellar EGL, and that the increased pyknotic index seen in the
      EGL of undernourished rats is a consequence of delayed clearance rather than an
      increase in the number of cell deaths.

PMID- 6825162
TI  - Ultrastructure of trout spermatozoa: changes after dilution and deep-freezing.

PMID- 6825163
TI  - Circadian variations in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus.
      A quantitative electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Circadian morphological variations of pinealocytes in the superficial pineal of
      the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) were studied using quantitative electron
      microscopic techniques. The volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm of pinealocytes
      exhibited similar circadian variations, with the maximum around the middle of the
      light period and the minimum during the first half of the dark period. Synaptic
      ribbons in pinealocytes were classified into three groups, type-1, -2 and -3
      synaptic ribbons, which appeared as rods, round or irregular bodies and ring
      shaped structures, respectively; a synaptic ribbon index was determined for the
      respective types. The synaptic ribbon index was expressed as the number of
      synaptic ribbons in the pinealocyte profile representing the cell size. The type
      1 synaptic ribbon index, which was smallest during the second half of the light
      period, was increased during the dark period. The length of straight or slightly
      curved rods showed a 24-h change similar to that of the type-1 synaptic ribbon
      index; the length of the rods was maximal during the first half of the dark
      period and minimal at the end of the light period. There was no apparent
      circadian variation in the type-2 synaptic ribbon index. The type-3 synaptic
      ribbon index was higher during the light period than during the dark period; the
      index attained zero 3 h after the onset of darkness and, thereafter, increased
      gradually.

PMID- 6825164
TI  - Aspects of secretory phenomena within the sinus gland of Carcinus maenas (L.). An
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The sinus gland of Carcinus maenas contains small numbers of neurosecretory
      neurones ("intrinsic cells") as well as glial cells and nerve terminals.
      Intrinsic cells may be of the same cell type as some extrinsic cells, but are
      probably multipolar. Exocytosis is a common phenomenon, and may be either "basal"
      or "interterminal", and either "simple" or "compound" in character. Elementary
      neurosecretory granules may apparently fuse within the terminals to form
      "secondary" granules, and these also release their contents by exocytosis. A
      distinction is drawn between populations of vesicular inclusions which include
      elements of diverse size and form, and aggregations of synaptoid vesicles. The
      mixed populations may be involved in the retrieval of granule membranes. Typical
      synaptoid complexes are present in a minority of terminals and are characterized
      by a zonation of vesicular and granular inclusions, the aggregation of vesicles
      of fairly uniform size and shape adjacent to membrane thickenings, and an
      affinity of vesicle contents for the ZIO reagent. Granules within one type of
      fibre differ from typical peptidergic granules, but react negatively to
      cytochemical tests for amines.

PMID- 6825165
TI  - Ultrastructure of sensilla on the antennal pedicel of the brown planthopper
      Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Insecta: Homoptera).
AB  - Scanning- and transmission electron-microscope studies of the sensilla of the
      pedicel of Nilaparvata lugens have revealed an elaborate plaque organ and three
      structurally different types of trichoid hairs. Each plaque organ is innervated
      by 120-150 neurons arranged in groups. The porous sensory cuticle is folded into
      finger-like projections and is surrounded by protective non-sensory denticles.
      Trichoid sensilla differ in number of neurons, appearance of dendrites and
      arrangement of pores. Type I, innervated by 2 neurons, has pores along its length
      and is probably olfactory in function. Types II and III are innervated by one and
      five neurons, respectively, and the absence of pores along the hair shaft
      indicates a possible gustatory role. The importance of these sensilla is
      discussed with reference to the behaviour of this important insect pest.

PMID- 6825166
TI  - The effects of colchicine on the distribution of glycoprotein-containing vesicles
      in epithelial cells of the murine colon.
AB  - In murine colonic epithelial cells, cell-coat glycoproteins are transported to
      the cell surface in vesicles that originate at the Golgi apparatus. To determine
      the role of microtubules in the movement of these vesicles the antimicrotubule
      agent colchicine was injected into mice at several time intervals prior to
      sacrifice. In the mice that were treated with colchicine for 4.5 h it was
      observed that the polarity of the cells was disturbed. The Golgi apparatus and
      nucleus often appeared interchanged in their positions. The glycoprotein
      containing vesicles, normally located apically, were sparse in that location, but
      abundant near the lateral plasma membranes of the cells at the level of the
      nucleus and Golgi apparatus. Straining by the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver
      methenamine technique for glycoproteins clearly revealed the reduction of
      vesicles apically and accumulation of vesicles laterally. The mechanism
      responsible for the movement of the vesicles to this location is unclear. It is
      suggested that the accumulation of vesicles in the lateral region may reflect
      some hindrance in the fusion of the vesicles with the lateral cell membranes.

PMID- 6825167
TI  - Structural properties of bimodal chemo- and mechanosensitive setae on the
      pereiopod chelae of the crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium.
AB  - The setae on the inner edges of the pereiopod chelae of Austropotamobius
      torrentium contain eight receptor-cell endings. Two units are mechanosensitive,
      four react only to amino acids, to amines, or to pyridines. The remaining two
      units are most probably also chemoreceptors. All sensory cells possess long
      dendritic outer segments that extend to the tip of the seta, where a small pore
      is found. Structurally, two units differ from the other six by having (1) densely
      packed microtubules in their dendritic outer segments, (2) dense A-tubules with
      arms in their ciliary segments, (3) a well-developed ciliary rootlet in their
      dendritic inner segments, and (4) desmosomal junctions between the dendritic
      inner segment and the inner enveloping cell, which contains a scolopale. These
      features are probably general characteristics of crustacean mechanoreceptors. The
      mechanoreceptors respond only to strong mechanical stimuli. This corresponds to
      the structural features of the setae, which lack specialized socket structures.
      Deflection of the setae may lead to longitudinal stress to the dendrites; the
      latter seem to be attached proximally to the inner enveloping cell and distally
      to the cuticle. Thus, the mechanoreceptor structure suggests a function analogous
      to scolopidial receptors. The chemoreceptors are accessible to chemical stimuli
      via the subterminal pore. The walls of the setae, however, may be permeable as
      well. It seems probable that action potentials were recorded also from the
      dendrites of the sensory cells.

PMID- 6825168
TI  - Altered gene products are associated with activation of cellular rasK genes in
      human lung and colon carcinomas.
AB  - Two lung and two colon carcinoma cell lines of human origin, which contained the
      same activated rasK transforming gene, expressed abnormal species of p21 that
      were distinct from the p21 proteins expressed in normal human cells and other
      human carcinomas. The abnormal species of p21 expressed by three of these cell
      lines were indistinguishable from each other, but differed from the abnormal p21
      expressed by one lung carcinoma cell line. NIH cells transformed by DNAs of these
      carcinomas expressed the same abnormal p21 species, indicating that these
      abnormal proteins were encoded by the activated rasK genes detected by
      transfection. These results indicate that transforming activity of rasK genes in
      human lung and colon carcinoma cell lines is activated by mutations which alter
      the structure of their gene products, and that activation of rasK genes can
      result from different molecular alterations in different individual neoplasms.

PMID- 6825169
TI  - Germline integration of moloney murine leukemia virus at the Mov13 locus leads to
      recessive lethal mutation and early embryonic death.
AB  - Thirteen mouse substrains genetically transmitting the exogenous Moloney murine
      leukemia virus (M-MuLV) at a single locus (Mov locus) have been derived
      previously. Experiments were performed to investigate whether homozygosity at the
      Mov loci would be compatible with normal development. Animals heterozygous at an
      Mov locus were mated, and the genotype of the offspring was analyzed. From
      parents heterozygous at the loci Mov1 to Mov12, respectively, homozygous
      offspring were obtained with the expected Mendelian frequency. In contrast, no
      homozygous offspring or embryos older than day 15 of gestation were obtained from
      parents heterozygous at the Mov13 locus. When pregnant Mov13 females at day 13
      and day 14 of gestation were analyzed, approximately 25% of the embryos were
      degenerated. Genotyping revealed that these degenerated embryos were invariably
      homozygous and the normal appearing embryos were either heterozygous or negative
      for M-MuLV. These results suggest that integration of M-MuLV at the Mov13 locus
      leads to insertion mutagenesis, resulting in embryonic arrest between day 12 and
      day 13 of gestation. It is possible that the Mov13 locus represents a gene or
      gene complex involved in the early embryonic development of the mouse.

PMID- 6825170
TI  - Inhibition of DNA methylation by chemical carcinogens in vitro.
AB  - A diverse range of ultimate chemical carcinogens inhibited the transfer of methyl
      groups from S-adenosylmethionine to hemimethylated DNA in a reaction catalyzed by
      mouse spleen methyltransferase. The formation of alkali-labile sites in DNA
      lessened its ability to accept methyl groups in vitro, but the methylation
      reaction was much less sensitive to thymine dimers or double-strand breaks.
      Carcinogens induced the formation of alkali-labile DNA lesions, but the degree of
      methyltransferase inhibition observed was greater than that expected for this
      damage alone. Certain carcinogens were also capable of direct modification and
      inactivation of the methyltransferase enzyme. Benzo(a)pyrene treatment of living
      BALB/3T3 A31 clone 1-13 but not C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells resulted in a 12%
      decrease in total 5-methylcytosine content of cellular DNA. Carcinogenic agents
      may therefore cause heritable changes in 5-methylcytosine patterns in certain
      cell types by a variety of mechanisms, including adduct formation, induction of
      apurinic sites and single-strand breaks and direct inactivation of DNA
      methyltransferase.

PMID- 6825171
TI  - The absence of specific interactions of Sertoli-cell-secreted proteins with
      antibodies directed against H-Y antigen.
AB  - Radiolabeled proteins secreted into the medium by rat Sertoli cells in primary
      culture have been examined for specific interactions with polyclonal and
      monoclonal antibodies directed against serologically detectable H-Y antigen(s).
      None of the proteins secreted by Sertoli cells reacted specifically with H-Y
      antibodies, as determined with immunoprecipitation procedures and immunoabsorbent
      affinity chromatography, followed by SDS gel electrophoresis. Radioactivity
      profiles of proteins obtained after reaction with H-Y antibodies were similar to
      those observed after treatment with nonimmune sera or with irrelevant antibodies.
      We obtained comparable findings with proteins secreted by the mouse cell line
      TM4, which is of presumptive Sertoli cell origin, and with proteins present in
      ram rete testis fluid. These and other findings presented do not support the
      contention that Sertoli cells secrete a protein having the properties of
      serologically detectable H-Y antigen as previously described.

PMID- 6825173
TI  - The Xenopus laevis globin gene family: chromosomal arrangement and gene
      structure.
AB  - Clones containing nine different larval and adult globin genes have been isolated
      from two genomic libraries of Xenopus laevis. They encompass three distinct DNA
      regions: a 70 kb region containing five genes in the order 5'-alpha Lla-alpha Llb
      alpha Al-beta Al-beta Lla-3', all with the same transcriptional polarity; a 40 kb
      region with three genes, 5'-alpha Llla-alpha Lllb-alpha All-3', again with the
      same polarity; and a 10 kb segment comprising the beta Llla gene only. The beta
      All gene has not been found in our libraries. Genetic analysis has revealed two
      more beta L genes (beta Lllb, beta Lllb). Globin-like sequences have also been
      isolated, but have not been further characterized. The X. laevis globin gene
      family thus consists of 12 genes arranged in two clusters, each containing larval
      and adult alpha and beta genes in a unique, "symmetrical" arrangement. Electron
      microscopic analysis has revealed that Xenopus globin genes also comprise three
      exons and two introns, but differ from the globin genes of higher vertebrates in
      that the introns are much larger.

PMID- 6825172
TI  - Tubulin genes are tandemly linked and clustered in the genome of trypanosoma
      brucei.
AB  - We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones containing alpha- and beta-tubulin genes
      from Trypanosoma brucei. Each clone has been mapped, and the identity of the
      tubulin genes has been established by cross-hybridization with cloned chicken
      tubulin genes and by hybridization-selection and translation of trypanosome
      tubulin mRNA. In contrast with the dispersed organization of tubulin genes in
      other organisms, trypanosome alpha- and beta-tubulin genes are physically linked
      and clustered in tandem repeats of approximately 13-17 copies per haploid genome
      of alternating alpha- and beta-tubulin sequences.

PMID- 6825174
TI  - RNA splicing in neurospora mitochondria: structure of the unspliced 35S precursor
      ribosomal RNA detected by psoralen cross-linking.
AB  - The structure of the unspliced 35S precursor rRNA of Neurospora mitochondria was
      studied by psoralen photochemical cross-linking. The results show that when the
      35S RNA is cross-linked in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) under appropriate
      conditions, the predominant configuration is a 2.2 kb intron loop which brings
      opposite splice sites into proximity; that the predominant secondary structural
      feature in the free RNA is a relatively large hairpin (length = 0.105 kb) in the
      center of the molecule at or near the 5' splice site; that the intron loop and
      the central hairpin are different configurations of sequences at or near the 5'
      splice site; and that the intron loop is stabilized by protein components of
      RNPs. Based on the structures detected by psoralen photochemical cross-linking,
      we propose a mechanism for the splicing of the Neurospora mitochondrial precursor
      rRNA. We propose further that certain features of this mechanism may be relevant
      to the splicing of other RNAs, including eucaryotic mRNAs.

PMID- 6825175
TI  - Effect of various sera on cultured rodent embryonic shields.
AB  - The modified organ culture of rodent embryonic shields, developed in our
      laboratory, has been shown to provide favorable conditions for the
      differentiation of the main tissues in teratoma-like explants. The purpose of the
      experiment was to discover whether tissue differentiation is modified by
      different sorts of sera used in the liquid medium. Rat explants showed an
      increase of the incidence of cartilage when cultured in at least 20% homologous
      serum in comparison with human and fetal bovine sera. Mouse explants did not grow
      in mouse serum, whereas rat serum stimulated the development of endoderm-like
      epithelium, and fetal bovine serum brought about more neural tissue.

PMID- 6825176
TI  - Modulation of in vitro myogenesis by submillimolar concentrations of sodium
      butyrate.
AB  - The effects of submillimolar concentrations of sodium butyrate on the
      differentiation of cultured chick myoblasts have been studied. The continuous
      presence of 0.5 mM butyrate inhibited myoblast fusion, creatine kinase (CK)
      isozyme transition, and synthesis of total RNA and protein until the 4th day of
      myogenesis, after which the fusion index reached control values and total CK
      activity was elevated. The latter continued to exhibit daily increases over
      control levels, largely reflecting activity of the MM-CK muscle-specific isozyme
      which increased to twice the control level by the 8th day. Similar but less
      striking patterns of early inhibition followed by stimulation were observed for
      total protein content and synthesis of total protein and RNA. On the other hand,
      DNA content was slightly but significantly depressed in treated cultures at all
      times. Butyrate treatment did not reverse 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) inhibition
      of MM-CK differentiation. It was also noted that continuous treatment with 0.5 mM
      butyrate prevented the unexplained sporadic deterioration of myotubes sometimes
      observed at the 4th day.

PMID- 6825177
TI  - Histone and DNA synthesis in differentiating and rapidly proliferating cells in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The dependence of histone synthesis upon concurrent DNA synthesis has been
      studied in rat spermatogenic and brain tumor (RT489) cells, both in vivo and in
      vitro. The uptake of [3H]amino acids into histone was determined with and without
      inhibiting DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea (HU). HU reduced [14C]thymidine
      incorporation into DNA to less than 5% of control values in all cases without
      affecting the levels of total cellular protein synthesis, confirming the
      specificity of HU for inhibiting DNA synthesis. RT489 cells, grown either in
      culture or as a solid tumor, show no detectable histone synthesis when the
      concentrations of HU are sufficiently high. In the testis, no inhibition of
      synthesis of histones occurring during the meiotic prophase is observed in vivo
      or in vitro. These results provide further support for the model that a high
      degree of coupling of histone and DNA synthesis may occur only in proliferating,
      non-differentiating cell types and that both types of regulation can be observed
      both in in vivo and in vitro systems.

PMID- 6825178
TI  - The effect of transcription inhibitors on early development of the avian embryo.
AB  - The effect of transcription [actinomycin D, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D
      ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), alpha-amanitin] and translation inhibitors
      (cycloheximide, puromycin) on quail embryo development was investigated under in
      vitro conditions. The gastrulation process seemed to proceed normally in the
      presence of transcription inhibitors in the medium but the translation inhibitors
      stopped development and caused complete degeneration of the embryos.

PMID- 6825179
TI  - Presence of fibronectin during early embryogenesis in amphibian Pleurodeles
      waltlii.
AB  - The presence of fibronectin (FN) has been investigated during the early
      development of Pleurodeles waltlii by using indirect immunofluorescence and gel
      electrophoresis methods. Between the early blastula and late gastrula stages,
      fluorescent staining was detected on cell surface, especially in cells from the
      blastocoele roof and the marginal zone. Through gastrulation, extracellular
      material which was accumulated in the area of the blastopore occurred heavily
      stained for FN. Sodium metaperiodate-sodium boro[3H]hydride has been used to
      label the surface carbohydrate residues. Labelled glycoproteins were
      characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis coupled with fluorography. Autoradiograms revealed a 220K cell
      surface glycoprotein which was co-migrating with monomers of FN. The results
      suggested that FN may be involved in the early morphogenesis of the amphibian
      embryo.

PMID- 6825180
TI  - Commitment to transdifferentiation into lens occurs in neural retina cells after
      brief spreading culture of the dissociated cells.
AB  - Cells dissociated from neural retina (NR) of 8-day-old chick embryos
      transdifferentiated into lens and pigment cells under conditions of stationary
      culture (spreading culture, SpC), whereas such an alteration in the pathways of
      differentiation did not occur under conditions of aggregate culture (AgC) with
      constant gyration for 28 days. When NR cells precultivated for longer than 10
      days in SpC were transferred to AgC, extensive transdifferentiation into lens
      (and pigment cells) occurred in aggregates after a total of 28 days' cultivation
      in vitro. This was confirmed by immunofluorescent observations of histological
      sections of aggregates as well as by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis using
      specific antiserum against delta-crystallin. In 10-day SpC, the presence of delta
      crystallin was not detected by immunological assay. Our results suggest that NR
      cells become committed or 'transdetermined' into lens direction before detectable
      expression of the lens phenotype, when cultured in SpC for 10 days.

PMID- 6825181
TI  - Lymphocyte migration during the development of regional lymph node anergy in
      experimental tumor growth.
AB  - The development of lymph node anergy in Wistar rats to growing Walker carcinoma
      256 was studied in vitro using the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity to the tumor peaked in draining lymph nodes 11 days after tumor
      transplantation. By 14 days, the regional lymph node had become anergic to the
      tumor at a time when cell-mediated cytotoxicity was still increasing in the more
      distal contralateral lymph node. Lymphocyte migration into resting, cytotoxic,
      and anergic lymph nodes was analyzed to determine if altered cell migration into
      the regional lymph node was associated with the development of anergy. Lymphocyte
      migration was found to be enhanced in both cytotoxic and anergic regional lymph
      nodes of tumor-bearing animals. It is concluded that lymph node anergy in this
      experimental tumor system is not related to changes in lymphocyte migration
      patterns; rather, it is the result of alterations in the microenvironment of the
      lymph node which prevents the expression of cytotoxic effector cells.

PMID- 6825182
TI  - Development of immunity against Listeria monocytogenes in athymic nude versus
      neonatally thymectomized mice.
AB  - The thymus requirement for the development of immunological responsiveness was
      determined by estimation of immune responses raised to Listeria monocytogenes in
      athymic nude, neonatally thymectomized, and sham-operated mice at 6 weeks of age.
      Not only sham-operated mice, but also neonatally thymectomized mice could
      completely eliminate the bacteria from the spleen and liver, while athymic nude
      mice could not eliminate them and showed a persistent form of infection. A strong
      delayed footpad reaction and acquired cellular resistance could be raised in
      neonatally thymectomized mice just as well as in sham-operated mice, but not in
      athymic nude mice. The delayed footpad reaction could be induced in neonatally
      thymectomized mice without an accompanying ability to inhibit macrophage
      migration. These results suggest that T cells responsible for immunity against
      listerial infection require the presence of the thymus for only a very short
      period in their development.

PMID- 6825183
TI  - Effect of mitogen concentration on glucocorticoid suppression of normal and
      cystic fibrosis lymphocyte activation.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated that glucocorticoid suppression of mitogen
      induced lymphocyte activation is a function of mitogen dose. Glucocorticoids
      suppress lymphocyte activation more at low doses, which induce suboptimal
      lymphocyte activation, than at higher doses which are optimal for lymphocyte
      activation. This observation suggests that glucocorticoid suppression of
      lymphocyte activation might be greater than normal in disease states which are
      associated with depressed mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation. To test this
      hypothesis, lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis
      were activated by a full range of concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) in the
      presence or absence of dexamethasone. Con A activation of cystic fibrosis
      lymphocytes was markedly depressed compared to the activation of normal
      lymphocytes at all doses of Con A, but the suppressive effect of dexamethasone on
      the activation of normal and cystic fibrosis lymphocytes was the same. We
      conclude that glucocorticoid suppression of lymphocyte activation is more a
      function of mitogen dose than of the level of lymphocyte activation and is not
      necessarily greater than normal in disease states which are associated with
      depressed mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 6825184
TI  - [Congenital, intramurally conditioned intestinal obstructions of a functional
      character and their differential diagnosis].

PMID- 6825185
TI  - [Lysozyme in the cerebrospinal fluid in children with bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 6825186
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome in an infant].

PMID- 6825187
TI  - [Signs of multiple syndromes in a single fetus of a diabetic mother].

PMID- 6825188
TI  - [Comatose rubeola meningoencephalitis--without exanthema].

PMID- 6825189
TI  - [Lysis of the dens epistropheus in a 2-year-old child after a head injury].

PMID- 6825190
TI  - [Caroli's disease].

PMID- 6825191
TI  - [Premature children with a birth weight up to 1500 grams. Control at 4 1/2 to 10
      1/2 years of age].

PMID- 6825192
TI  - [Comparison and differences in morbidity in children in nurseries after 10
      years].

PMID- 6825194
TI  - [Data on infant mortality for the first half of 1982 in Czechoslovakia (Bohemia
      and Slovakia)].

PMID- 6825193
TI  - [Analysis of information from the Registry of Pathological Newborn Infants
      Perinatally Deceased Children].

PMID- 6825195
TI  - [Difficulties in seeking the best road to child care].

PMID- 6825196
TI  - [Indications and possibilities of the surgical treatment of congenital heart
      defects without cyanosis].

PMID- 6825197
TI  - The mode of action of cytotoxic and antitumor 1-nitroacridines. I. The 1
      nitroacridines do not exert their cytotoxic effects by physicochemical binding
      with DNA.
AB  - The mode of action of cytotoxic and antitumor 1-nitroacridines and their isomeric
      derivatives was studied by comparing their effects in cell-free systems and
      towards cultured tumor HeLa cells, assuming that the nitroacridines considered
      exert cytotoxic effects by physicochemical binding with the DNA. All the
      nitroacridines impaired biosyntheses of DNA, RNA and protein in cultured HeLa
      cells and a causal relationship between nitroacridine inhibition of
      macromolecular biosyntheses and lethal effects of the agents appears likely. In
      cell-free systems, the nitroacridines bound with two independent sites on the
      DNA, forming complexes with enhanced resistance to DNA strand separation upon
      melting and inhibited the DNA polymerase reaction by altering activity of
      template and/or of enzyme. The 1-nitroacridines were poorly effective in cell
      free systems and were the most potent inhibitors toward the growth of HeLa cells
      among the derivatives studied. It is concluded that the primary events
      responsible for cytotoxic effects of antitumor 1-nitroacridines and of their
      isomeric derivatives are different. The metabolic activation of 1-nitroacridines
      to more reactive intermediates which will attach to and alter the structure
      and/or function of DNA of sensitive cells is suggested.

PMID- 6825198
TI  - Pyrrolic and N-oxide metabolites formed from pyrrolizidine alkaloids by hepatic
      microsomes in vitro: relevance to in vivo hepatotoxicity.
AB  - An analytical method of improved sensitivity has enabled measurements to be made
      of N-oxide as well as pyrrolic metabolites formed from a range of unsaturated
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids in hepatic microsome preparations. Using microsomes from
      livers of phenobarbitone-pretreated male Fischer rats, all 13 alkaloids tested
      were metabolised to both N-oxides and pyrroles. The most lipophilic alkaloids
      gave enhanced rates of metabolism. No consistent relationship existed between
      rates of N-oxide and of pyrrole formation. The two pathways appeared to be
      independent. The ratio of N-oxide to pyrrolic metabolites varied, depending on
      the type of ester: it was highest for 'open' diester alkaloids, lowest for 12
      membered macrocyclic diesters and for monoesters. Steric hindrance by the acid
      moiety could account for these differences, by affecting the balance between
      microsomal oxidation of the amino alcohol moiety at the nitrogen and C8 positions
      respectively and could explain the high pyrrole yields given by some macrocyclic
      diesters. The levels of pyrrolic metabolites bound to liver tissues and
      responsible for hepatotoxicity in rats given pyrrolizidine alkaloids, did not
      necessarily reflect the rates of formation of such metabolites measured in vitro.
      In the animal additional factors could influence the formation and tissue binding
      of pyrrolic metabolites, including the detoxication of alkaloids by hydrolysis
      and the chemical reactivity and stability of the toxic metabolites. A comparison
      of heliotridine esters with retronecine esters showed that the 7-hydroxyl or 
      ester configuration had a relatively small influence on the balance between
      formation of pyrrolic metabolites and detoxication by N-oxidation. The results
      did not support any hypothesis that heliotridine esters should generally be more
      hepatotoxic than analogous retronecine esters. The structure of the acid moiety
      was likely to have at least as much influence on toxicity as the base
      configuration.

PMID- 6825199
TI  - Studies of cadmium-thionein induced nephropathy: time course of cadmium-thionein
      uptake and degradation.
AB  - The renal uptake and degradation of cadmium-thionein (Cd-Mt) were examined in
      relation to nephrotoxic effects. Studies with Cd-Mt labelled with [3H]cystine
      showed that both Cd2+ and tritium uptake in the kidneys were complete 4 h after
      injection. During this period, renal copper content doubles due to the
      replacement of thionein-bound Cd2+ with Cu2+. This process probably occurs in the
      blood, prior to metallothionein uptake. Once reabsorbed, the protein is rapidly
      degraded in the lysosomes at a rate in step with uptake. Consequently, at 4 h
      virtually all of the Cd-Mt was degraded, resulting in a high concentration of non
      thionein bound Cd2+. This Cd2+ (approx. 11-12 micrograms Cd2+/g, i.e. 70% of the
      total renal Cd2+ burden) produces the toxic effects. Between 2-4 h, new thionein
      synthesis is initiated and Cd2+ gradually becomes bound as the metallothionein.
      By 4 days, 80% of the renal Cd2+ is bound to endogenous thionein. These studies
      demonstrate that even small amounts of non-thionein bound Cd2+ are toxic to the
      kidney.

PMID- 6825200
TI  - Mode of in vitro interaction of mercuric mercury with selenite to form high
      molecular weight substance in rabbit blood.
AB  - Mode of interaction of mercuric mercury and selenite in rabbit blood was
      investigated in vitro. After the incubation of rabbit blood with 10(-5) M each of
      203HgCl2 and Na2(75)SeO3, the amounts of both 203Hg and 75Se incorporated into
      erythrocytes were markedly larger than the case where the blood was treated
      separately with one of these compounds. Most of 203Hg and 75Se distributed into
      plasma and erythrocytes were found in high-molecular weight substance(s) (HMWS)
      fractionated by gel filtration at a molar ratio of 1:1. The 203Hg and 75Se in
      HMWS found in plasma and erythrocytes were hardly diffusable through the
      erythrocytes membrane. The formation of the HMWS containing mercury and selenium
      was observed in stroma-free hemolysate incubated with mercuric chloride and
      selenite, but not in plasma. Addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the plasma,
      however, gave the HMWS as reaction products containing equimolar amounts of
      mercury and selenium. Further the binding properties of selenium to proteins were
      studied in the plasma incubated with selenodiglutathione (GSSeSG) or with
      selenite in the presence of GSH. The results indicated that GSH, a cellular
      component, is essential for the formation of an active selenium compound from
      selenite and that the interaction of mercuric mercury and selenite in plasma in
      the presence of GSH may occur through the other mechanism than the formation of
      GSSeSG.

PMID- 6825201
TI  - Intracellular inhibition of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase during ethanol oxidation.
AB  - The enzymatic basis for inhibition of drug glucuronidation during ethanol
      oxidation was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. The intracellular rate of
      glucuronidation was varied independently by controlling the steady-state O2
      concentration and the concentrations of UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronic acid were
      measured in the absence and presence of 20 mM ethanol. Ethanol caused substantial
      inhibition of the glucuronidation rate which corresponded to a significant
      decrease in UDP-glucuronic acid concentration but not in UDP-glucose
      concentration. A plot of glucuronidation rate as a function of cellular UDP
      glucuronic acid concentration yielded a single curve for incubations with or
      without ethanol; a similar plot of glucuronidation against UDP-glucose
      concentration gave separate curves for the two incubation conditions. These
      results clearly define the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reaction as the site of
      inhibition during ethanol oxidation.

PMID- 6825202
TI  - The binding to oxidised cytochromes P-450 and inhibition of mixed-function
      oxidases by aryl-substituted benzimidazoles and related compounds.
AB  - A series of benzimidazole derivatives containing additional fused and non-fused
      aromatic groupings were effective inhibitors of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (PB/AHH) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (ADPM) activities in hepatic microsomes
      from phenobarbitone(PB)-induced rats. Two structurally similar nitrogen
      heterocycles, 6-ethoxy-2-methylbenzoxazole and 6-methoxy-2-methylbenzothiazole,
      were moderately potent inhibitors of PB/AHH and APDM. Only phenanthro(9,10
      d)imidazole (I50 = 2.2 X 10(-5) M) and 2-(2'-chlorophenoxy)methylbenzimidazole
      (I50 = 5.2 X 10(-5) M) were potent inhibitors of AHH activity in hepatic
      microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced rats. Five of the compounds
      were evaluated for the ability to bind to oxidised cytochromes P-450 in
      microsomal suspensions from induced rats. All compounds except phenanthro(9,10
      d)imidazole elicited a type II spectral change with oxidised cytochrome P-450 in
      PB-induced microsomes, whereas only two compounds produced the type II change in
      3-MC-induced microsomes. Two other compounds produced the type I spectral change
      in 3-MC-induced microsomal suspensions, and phenanthro-(9,10-d)imidazole elicited
      a reverse type I spectral change in both types of induced microsomes. These
      results indicate that the precise structure of the benzimidazole derivative can
      determine the binding type that is observed in oxidised microsomes. It is
      possible, therefore, that more than a single mode of inhibition of monooxygenase
      activity is occurring and that inhibition, as well as binding type, is dependent
      on structure.

PMID- 6825203
TI  - Viscometric analysis of DNA damage in kidney and lung following exposure of rats
      to small doses of chemical carcinogens.
AB  - A new viscometric technique has been used to detect DNA damage in kidney and lung
      of rats treated with six chemical carcinogens. In alkaline conditions (pH 12.5)
      the reduced viscosity (eta red) of kidney and lung DNA from control rats
      increased slowly with time reaching a maximum, (eta red)max, after 9-12 h.
      Carcinogens, by inducing DNA strand breaks either chemically or indirectly by
      excision repair or during incubation in alkali, cause a reduction of DNA
      supercoiling which can be sensitively measured by monitoring changes in
      viscosity. Computerized analysis of time-viscosity curves showed that a
      statistically significant reduction of the time required for eta red to reach 95%
      of its maximum value (t-95) was induced by the following single i.p. doses: N
      nitrosodimethylamine (DMN), kidney 0.07 mg/kg, lung 0.28 mg/kg; N
      nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), kidney 3.2 mg/kg, lung 12.8 mg/kg; N-nitroso-N
      methylurea, kidney and lung 0.5 mg/kg; 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), kidney 1
      mg/kg, lung 16 mg/kg; 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO), kidney 2.5 mg/kg, lung 0.63
      mg/kg; 2-acetylaminofluorene, kidney and lung 12.5 mg/kg. The decrease of t-95
      was constantly dose-related. The comparison with data previously obtained from
      liver demonstrates that DMN, DEN, DMH and NQO caused the greatest amount of DNA
      damage in the organ most susceptible to tumor induction. Viscosity changes
      elicited by DMN, DEN and DMH are quantitatively well correlated with the extent
      of DNA alkylation.

PMID- 6825204
TI  - Phenobarbital as a promoter in the initiation/selection process of experimental
      rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Supplementary introduction of a phenobarbital (PB) promotion step after the Solt
      and Farber procedure dramatically increases the number of phenotypically-altered
      hepatocytes. These hepatocytes occupy approximately 40% of the liver volume after
      one week of PB treatment. These areas constitute a relatively uniform cellular
      population with altered histological phenotype and with distinct histochemical
      markers used by other authors for the detection of premalignancy. This procedure
      leads to the appearance of numerous hepatocellular carcinomas at approximately
      the 36 weeks stage. It was suggested that the early hepatocellular alterations
      after the initiation/selection procedure followed by PB might correspond to the
      hyperplasia of phenotypically-altered epidermal cells at the conversion step of
      mouse skin tumor promotion.

PMID- 6825205
TI  - A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. 1. On the in vitro N-nitrosation of
      arecoline.
AB  - Betel quid chewing is strongly associated with cancer of the oral cavity.
      Extracts of betel quid are tumorigenic in the experimental animal, but thus far,
      not a single carcinogen has been detected in the tobacco free quid. This study is
      based on the hypothesis that during chewing, arecoline, the major alkaloid of the
      betel nut, gives rise to carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. In vitro experiments
      reported here have shown that N-nitrosation of arecoline leads to N
      nitrosoguvacoline (NG), 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) and 3
      (methylnitrosoamino)propionaldehyde. Although, according to an earlier study. NG
      is most likely not carcinogenic, MNPN is suspected to be a relatively strong
      animal carcinogen based on bioassays with its lower homologue. The conditions
      prevailing in the oral cavity of betel quid chewers are likely to favor the
      formation of these three nitrosamines.

PMID- 6825206
TI  - Neoplastic conversion of rat liver epithelial cells in culture by ethionine and S
      adenosylethionine.
AB  - Rat liver epithelial cells were grown in the presence of the hepatocarcinogen, DL
      ethionine, for 12 weeks. The cells were then cultured for an additional 32 weeks
      in carcinogen-free medium. At approximately monthly intervals, the cells were
      tested for transformation by assaying their ability to grow in soft agar and to
      produce tumors when injected s.c. into irradiated syngeneic rats. After a total
      of 34 weeks in culture, cells treated with 7.5 mM DL-ethionine were transformed
      according to both criteria. The experiment was repeated using medium in which
      methionine was replaced by its metabolic precursor, homocysteine. The cells were
      treated for 12 weeks with L-ethionine and its metabolite, S-adenosyl-L-ethionine
      (L-AdoEt), then cultured in their absence in methionine-containing medium for an
      additional 24 weeks. After a total of 20 weeks in culture, cells treated with
      0.375 mM L-ethionine and cells treated with 0.2 mM L-AdoEt produced tumors
      following their injection into animals. Positive growth in soft agar was observed
      5 and 11 weeks later, respectively. A total of 31 weeks in culture was required
      before cells treated with 0.2 mM L-ethionine became tumorigenic. Furthermore,
      tumors resulting from the injection into animals of cells treated with 0.2 mM L
      ethionine arose 8-10 weeks later than did the corresponding tumors arising from
      the cells treated with 0.2 mM L-AdoEt. Thus, the results indicate that AdoEt may
      be a proximal carcinogenic metabolite of ethionine.

PMID- 6825207
TI  - DNA excision repair in permeable human fibroblasts.
AB  - U.v. irradiation of confluent human fibroblasts activated DNA repair, aspects of
      which were characterized in the cells after they were permeabilized. Incubation
      of intact cells for 20 min between irradiation and harvesting was necessary to
      obtain a maximum rate of reparative DNA synthesis. Cells harvested immediately
      after irradiation before repair was initiated displayed only a small stimulation
      of DNA synthesis, indicating that permeable cells have a reduced capacity to
      recognize pyrimidine dimers and activate repair. The distribution of sizes of DNA
      strands labeled during 10 min of reparative DNA synthesis resembled that of
      parental DNA. However, during a 60-min incubation of permeable cells at 37
      degrees C, parental DNA and DNA labeled by reparative DNA synthesis were both
      cleaved to smaller sizes. Cleavage also occurred in unirradiated cells,
      indicating that endogenous nuclease was active during incubation. Repair patches
      synthesized in permeable cells displayed increased sensitivity to digestion by
      micrococcal nuclease. However, the change in sensitivity during a chase with
      unlabeled DNA precursors was small, suggesting that reassembly of nucleosome
      structure at sites of repair was impaired. To examine whether this deficiency was
      due to a preponderance of incomplete or unligated repair patches, 3H-labeled
      (repaired) DNA was purified, then digested with exonuclease III and nuclease S1
      to probe for free 3' ends and single-stranded regions. About 85% of the [3H]DNA
      synthesized during a 10-min pulse resisted digestion, suggesting that a major
      fraction of the repair patches that were filled were also ligated. U.v. light
      activated DNA synthesis in permeable cells, therefore, appears to represent the
      continuation of reparative gap-filling at sites of excision repair activated
      within intact cells. Gap-filling and ligation were comparatively efficient
      processes in permeable cells, whereas activation of reparative DNA synthesis and
      reassembly of native chromatin structure upon completion of repair were not.

PMID- 6825209
TI  - Stimulation of deoxythymidine incorporation in the colon of rats treated
      intrarectally with bile acids and fats.
AB  - The incorporation of tritiated deoxythymidine ([3H]dThd) into colonic DNA of male
      Sprague-Dawley rats treated intrarectally (i.r.) with bile salts and other
      substances has been investigated. Instillation of sodium deoxycholate caused an
      increase in the incorporation of [3H]dThd which was maximal 12 h after treatment.
      The level of incorporation showed a steep linear dose response from 0.5 mM to 15
      mM bile salt. Higher concentrations of deoxycholate up to 300 mM only slightly
      increased the extent of incorporation when compared to the lower concentration.
      Several other substances also increased the extent of [3H]dThd incorporation;
      these include: chenodeoxycholate, lithocholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dioctyl
      sulfosuccinate, corn oil, beef fat, and trioctanoin. Substances which had no
      effect on [3H]dThd incorporation include cholesterol, dehydrocholate, sodium
      acetate, dextrose, and mineral oil. Many of the agents which increase colonic
      [3H]dThd incorporation are also known to enhance colonic tumorigenesis. These
      findings indicate similarities between the short-term effects, in their
      respective target tissues, of colon tumor promoters, and classical mouse skin
      tumor promoters.

PMID- 6825208
TI  - Repair of O6-methylguanine in DNA by demethylation is lacking in Mer- human tumor
      cell strains.
AB  - The ability of extracts of human tumor cells to demethylate O6-methylguanine (O6
      MeG) in DNA was assayed using the synthetic DNA polymer poly(dC,dG,m6dG). Cell
      strains proficient in repair of O6-MeG in vivo (Mer+ phenotype) contained a
      methyltransferase activity while repair deficient cells (Mer- phenotype) had
      little or no activity. Mixing extracts of different Mer- strains did not result
      in the appearance of the activity. Extracts of Mer- cells did not inhibit the
      activity in extracts of Mer+ cells. Both Mer+ and Mer- strains contained
      methylnitrosourea-damage-specific endonuclease activity. The data suggest that
      the Mer- strains are deficient in methyltransferase and that this is the
      fundamental reason for their hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of DNA
      alkylation. The activity was partially purified from a Mer+ colon carcinoma cell
      strain. Its kinetics parallel the repair of O6-MeG in DNA in vivo and suggest
      that the activity is inactivated during repair of DNA.

PMID- 6825210
TI  - Molecular structure of (not equal to)3,4-epoxycyclopenta[cd]pyrene; an X-ray
      crystallographic study.

PMID- 6825211
TI  - Induction of SCE by opium pyrolysates in CHO cells and human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) by opium pipe scrapings
      (sukhteh, Su) and the pyrolysis products of opium (Op) and of its major
      alkaloids, morphine (Mo), have been compared with that of cigarette smoke
      condensate (CSC). All pyrolysates induced SCE and the frequency was further
      increased by the inclusion of S9-mix in the protocol. The pyrolysates of Op
      induced considerably more SCE than CSC when the same concentrations were compared
      on a weight basis, and the rank in order of potency in CHO cells was MO greater
      than Op greater than CSC greater than Su. The Op pyrolysates may therefore
      contribute a significant risk factor to the observed high incidence of
      oesophageal cancer in areas of Iran where heavy Op usage occurs.

PMID- 6825212
TI  - Morphological alterations and DNase deficiency in phenobarbital promotion of N
      nitrosomorpholine initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Tumorigenic effect in rat liver was increased when phenobarbital was given
      chronically after N-nitrosomorpholine. In these rats the liver parenchyma
      surrounding pre- and neo-plastic lesions demonstrated distinct, mainly
      centrilobular zones of hypertrophic hepatocytes with abundant eosinophilic,
      filamentous cytoplasm, increase in nucleic acids and decrease in DNase activity.
      These alterations might be considered as signs of tumor-promoting activity of
      phenobarbital.

PMID- 6825213
TI  - Pressure gradient related to energy conversion in the aorta.
AB  - In this study, we analyzed a common form of experimental investigation of blood
      vessels, in which measurements are obtained with branches ligated. Utilizing
      representative pressure and flow pulses and the full expression for the equation
      of motion, we calculated the axial pressure gradient, in the time domain at a
      plane in the descending aorta. The time function representing the ratio between
      axial pressure gradient and axial flow for the resulting tapering geometry was
      subjected to Fourier analysis. The harmonics were utilized to obtain the real and
      imaginary components of the longitudinal impedance as if it were a linear system.
      In a linear system, the real and imaginary components represent the viscous and
      inertial properties of the fluid, respectively. For the system studied, however,
      the real part contained both viscous and substantial in-phase components arising
      from the inertial terms of the equation of motion. The real part, therefore,
      cannot be interpreted as indicative solely of dissipated energy. When
      measurements are obtained from an adulterated system, caution must be exercised
      if the interpretation is to be considered that of the real system. The analysis
      clarifies an anomalous issue concerning resistive features of the aorta.

PMID- 6825214
TI  - Effect of regional ischemia on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume
      relationship of isolated canine hearts.
AB  - We studied the effects of regional ischemia on the left ventricular isovolumic
      end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) in six excised, blood-perfused
      canine ventricles. We created different extents of regional ischemia by ligating
      various branches of the coronary arteries while keeping the coronary arterial
      pressure constant (80 mm Hg). The extent of regional ischemia (Rm) relative to
      the total mass of the left ventricular myocardium was determined by regional
      myocardial blood flow measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. With
      regional ischemia, the ESPVR shifted rightward without significant change in
      slope in the physiologic end-systolic pressure range. In the subphysiological end
      systolic pressure range, however, its slope became lower than control. In order
      to quantify the degree of the rightward shift, we measured the extrapolated
      volume axis intercept (Vo) by fitting a straight line to the ESPVR in the
      physiological range under control and ischemic conditions. The shift in Vo (delta
      Vo) associated with ischemia was linearly correlated with Rm (delta Vo = 50.7Rm
      0.6, n = 28, r = 0.944, P less than 0.001). We conclude that the major effect of
      acute regional ischemia on the ESPVR in the physiological pressure range is a
      parallel rightward shift. This forms a striking contrast to the effect of global
      ischemia (under which only the slope is affected without a substantial change in
      Vo).

PMID- 6825216
TI  - Mechanisms of quinidine-induced depression of maximum upstroke velocity in ovine
      cardiac Purkinje fibers.

PMID- 6825215
TI  - External detection of early microvascular dysfunction after no-flow ischemia
      followed by reperfusion in isolated rabbit hearts.
AB  - To define relationships better between the duration of severe ischemia and
      microvascular functional integrity with an approach potentially applicable to
      studies in vivo, the effects of 30 and 60 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia on
      the coronary vasculature of isolated, perfused rabbit hearts were determined.
      Residue-detection data, analyzed with a two-compartment model, were used to
      estimate indices of microvascular function, including the mean-transit time
      (tBSA) of radiolabeled bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA), vascular into
      extravascular space clearance, and vascular and extravascular space volumes. It
      was shown that the Central Volume Principle of tracer kinetics does not hold when
      transport of label between vascular and extravascular spaces takes place
      convectively by solvent drag, and a more general expression for tBSA was derived
      and applied. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular
      developed pressure were monitored with an isovolumic balloon. Aortic perfusion
      pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular developed
      pressure and vascular space volume remained constant, while mean transit time,
      vascular into extravascular space clearance and extravascular space volumes
      increased gradually during 3-hour control perfusions. Perfusion pressure, mean
      transit time and extravascular space clearance increased significantly with
      reperfusion after 30 minutes of ischemia even though left ventricular end
      diastolic and left ventricular-developed pressures returned to control levels.
      Vascular space volumes increased minimally, whereas extravascular space volumes
      increased 5-fold during reperfusion. These changes in 125I-BSA washout and
      permeation across endothelium with reperfusion after no-flow ischemia indicate
      that compromised vascular integrity is an early manifestation of ischemia with
      functional consequences that persist even after ischemia sufficiently brief to
      permit restoration of left ventricular performance.

PMID- 6825217
TI  - A mathematical analysis of the myogenic hypothesis with special reference to
      autoregulation of renal blood flow.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that autoregulation of renal blood flow could result from
      myogenic regulation of arterial/arteriolar wall tension, we have explored a model
      based on the assumptions that (1) each preglomerular vessel segment reacts to a
      change in transmural pressure by altering its internal radius until the initial
      change in wall tension is reduced by a gain factor, (2) postglomerular structural
      resistance remains unchanged, (3) extravascular tissue pressure equals intrarenal
      venous pressure, and (4) the renal vascular system can be represented by one
      unbranched tube. General equations were obtained for flow and segmental radii and
      pressure as functions of aortic pressure. With a gain factor of 1 and a
      glomerular capillary pressure of 50% of aortic pressure under control conditions,
      the model predictions agree well with experimental data in dogs. Increasing
      aortic pressure from about 60% of control level causes only slight increase of
      blood flow. A rise in tissue pressure up to 40% of aortic pressure causes only
      moderate reduction. Changes in vessel radii begin in proximal vessel segments and
      spread distally toward glomerulus at increasing changes in aortic and tissue
      pressures from their control levels. Glomerular capillary pressure is
      autoregulated in proportion to blood flow. The degree of autoregulation is only
      moderately dependent on the gain factor: A moderate impairment caused by reducing
      the gain factor from 1 to 0.7 may be compensated by locating the myogenically
      responsive wall layer a distance 0.2 times the internal radius from the vessel
      lumen. "Superautoregulation," i.e., a rise in flow at reduced aortic pressure, is
      not possible. An upper limit of autoregulation is obtained only with the
      additional assumption of a fall in contractile force at extreme shortening of the
      muscle fibers. No definitive biological proof has yet been provided for a
      segmental wall tension-regulating mechanism in the preglomerular vessels, and
      obviously its existence cannot be proved by a mathematical model. However, if
      such a mechanism does exist, it can explain most of the renal resistance changes
      at varying arterial and intrarenal pressures, as well as the observed
      autoregulation of terminal interlobular arterial pressure.

PMID- 6825218
TI  - Inhibition by carotid baroreflex of exercise-induced increases in arterial
      pressure.
AB  - Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured during
      continuous graded exercise (5.5 km/hr; 0, 7, 14, and 21% grades) in conscious
      dogs, under each of the following four conditions: (1) baroreceptors intact, (2)
      chronic aortic arch denervation, (3) chronic aortic arch denervation and surgical
      preparation of the carotid sinuses for later reversible vascular isolation, and
      (4) chronic aortic arch denervation and carotid sinuses vascularly isolated at a
      fixed pressure. Arterial blood pressure increased with increasing work load to a
      maximum of 12 +/- 3, 18 +/- 5, and 14 +/- 5 mm Hg above control in conditions 1,
      2, and 3, respectively. In condition 4, the maximum increase in pressure during
      graded exercise was 51 +/- 7 mm Hg above control. Upon cessation of graded
      exercise, the increase in arterial pressure persisted through the 5-minute
      recovery period. Heart rate and cardiac output increased similarly in proportion
      to work load under all four conditions. In contrast to dogs in condition 4, three
      dogs with chronic sinoaortic denervation showed no work load-related increase in
      arterial pressure during exercise. Thus, during exercise, the carotid baroreflex
      acts to balance finely the opposing effects of sympathetic vasoconstriction and
      metabolic vasodilation.

PMID- 6825220
TI  - Heterogeneity of the action potential in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and
      tissue.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to measure action potential parameters in
      enzyme-dissociated, adult rat ventricular myocytes stimulated at 1 Hz, to compare
      these measurements with those obtained from intact ventricular tissue, and to
      determine myocyte and tissue responses at stimulus frequencies between 0.1 and 5
      Hz. Action potentials were characterized in terms of amplitude, overshoot,
      resting potential, duration at 25% and 75% repolarization (APD25, APD75), and
      Vmax. Based on statistical differences in APD25 and APD75, myocyte action
      potentials were classified as type I (3.1 +/- 1.0 and 21.5 +/- 3.6 msec), type II
      (7.4 +/- 1.1 and 38.2 +/- 6.7 msec), or type III (14.5 +/- 1.9 and 46.0 +/- 4.1
      msec). Action potentials corresponding to type I were found in right ventricular
      endocardium and right papillary muscles, and those corresponding to types II and
      III in the left ventricular endocardium [apex, middle (II); base (III)] and left
      papillary muscles (II). Myocytes and papillary muscles responded to increases in
      driving rate with nearly identical lengthening of APD25 and shortening of APD75.
      The one exception was at 5 Hz where a lengthening of the APD75 occurred in some
      myocytes. We conclude that action potential configuration in rat ventricle is
      heterogeneous, and that this is reflected by the different types of action
      potentials in isolated myocytes. It is likely that the magnitude of a transient
      outward current is a determinant of action potential configuration, and that slow
      reactivation of this current is a significant factor underlying the stimulus
      frequency response.

PMID- 6825219
TI  - Relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary flow, and adenosine
      release in an improved isolated working heart preparation of guinea pigs.
AB  - We describe herein an isolated working heart preparation of guinea pigs, in which
      coronary perfusion pressure can be varied independently from afterload by
      directing left ventricular stroke volume into an artificial circulation. This
      preparation proved to be functionally stable, exhibited hemodynamic features
      characteristic of the heart in situ, and shows the phenomena of flow
      autoregulation, reactive hyperemia, and hypoxic and metabolic vasodilation.
      Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow were tightly coupled when cardiac
      work was enhanced by either 1.5-6.0 X 10(-9) M isoproterenol (r = 0.975) or
      changes of afterload (20-100 mm Hg) (r = 0.890). Isoproterenol-induced changes in
      adenosine release correlated with changes of coronary flow (r = 0.869) and
      myocardial oxygen consumption (r = 0.894). The concentrations of endogenously
      formed adenosine were within the vasodilatory range of exogenously applied
      adenosine. In contrast, afterload-induced changes in myocardial oxygen
      consumption were not associated with an enhanced release of adenosine, inosine,
      and hypoxanthine, and did not correlate with coronary resistance (r = 0.422). The
      specific activity in the effluent perfusate of intracoronarily infused [8
      14C]adenosine was increased with elevated afterload, suggesting that less
      adenosine was liberated by the heart. Our findings indicate that adenosine formed
      in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation is a major metabolite adjusting
      coronary flow to myocardial needs. Adenosine, however, does not appear to be
      involved in the afterload-induced changes in coronary flow when coronary
      perfusion pressure and, thus, oxygen supply are increased simultaneously. It is
      likely that formation of adenosine is not triggered by changes in MVO2 as such,
      but may critically depend on the oxygen supply: demand ratio.

PMID- 6825221
TI  - Behavior of left ventricular mechanoreceptors with myelinated and nonmyelinated
      afferent vagal fibers in cats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of left ventricular
      mechanoreceptors with myelinated vagal afferents and to compare them with endings
      with nonmyelinated vagal afferents. Single unit activity was recorded from 13
      endings with nonmyelinated vagal afferents (conduction velocity 2.1 +/- 0.3
      m/sec) and from 16 endings with myelinated vagal afferents (conduction velocity
      7.3 +/- 1.3 m/sec). Resting discharge frequencies of nonmyelinated afferents and
      of myelinated vagal afferents were 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 imp/sec (P less
      than 0.1), respectively (at left ventricular end diastolic pressure of 6 mm Hg
      for both groups). Ten of 16 myelinated vagal afferents had pulse synchronous
      discharge under basal condition, whereas only 3 of 13 nonmyelinated vagal
      afferents had such activity. During aortic occlusion, the discharge of myelinated
      vagal afferents increased 1.7 +/- 0.3 imp/sec per mm Hg, whereas nonmyelinated
      vagal afferents increased significantly (P less than 0.05) less (0.5 +/- 0.1
      imp/sec per mm Hg). Discharge for both groups was linearly related to left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure but not to left ventricular systolic pressure.
      Increases in left ventricular systolic pressure alone did not increase firing for
      either group. During aortic occlusion, the maximum discharge rates of myelinated
      vagal afferents (43 +/- 7 imp/sec) were significantly higher than those of
      nonmyelinated vagal afferents (14 +/- 3 imp/sec) at left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure of 30 +/- 2 and 24 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively. Both groups
      increased their discharge during volume expansion with myelinated vagal afferents
      showing greater sensitivity than nonmyelinated vagal afferents. All endings
      studied were in the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle. All nonmyelinated
      vagal afferents were in or near the epicardium. In contrast, myelinated vagal
      afferents were equally distributed between the endocardium and the epicardium.
      Myelinated vagal afferents had discrete receptive fields (1-2 mm2) whereas those
      of nonmyelinated vagal afferents were much larger (1 cm2). In conclusion, the
      discharge of left ventricular endings with nonmyelinated vagal afferents and
      myelinated vagal afferents both appear to be determined mainly by changes in left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. They may be located at different depths in
      the left ventricular wall. Myelinated vagal afferents have greater sensitivity
      and maximum firing frequencies than nonmyelinated vagal afferents.

PMID- 6825223
TI  - Systolic mechanical properties of the left ventricle. Effects of volume and
      contractile state.
AB  - To characterize the mechanical properties of the contracting left ventricle, we
      studied the changes in left ventricular systolic pressure following step-like
      perturbations (+/- 3 ml) in ventricular volume, using an isovolumically beating,
      isolated canine heart preparation. Three mechanical properties (elasticity,
      resistance, and a deactivation effect) were identified. The elastic property
      differs from the traditional parallel and series elastic elements; it is a time
      varying elasticity that includes active and passive effects of volume changes.
      Furthermore, it could not be represented by a simple time-varying elasticity, but
      required a second factor to express the dependence of end-systolic elasticity on
      the timing of the volume step. This effect was represented by a "volume influence
      factor," which may arise from length-dependent activation. The resistive property
      appeared to be related to force-velocity behavior of the myocardium. Each
      mechanical property reacted characteristically to steady state changes in
      ventricular filling volume or contractile state produced by dobutamine (2-13
      micrograms/min). Our findings indicate that elasticity was the property most
      sensitive to changes in contractile state; these changes increased peak
      isovolumetric pressure 54% on average, and raised elastic stiffness 40% above
      control (which was 5.1 mm Hg/ml). Changes in ventricular filling volume only
      prolonged, but did not alter, the level of elastic stiffness attained at peak
      pressure. These results support the view that elasticity--or the end-systolic
      pressure-volume relationship--serves in a given heart to quantify contractility.
      The "volume influence factor" was not affected by either filling volume or
      contractile state. Resistance increased in direct proportion with ventricular
      pressure, but this linear relation was not altered greatly by changes in
      contractile state or in ventricular filling volume. At 100 mm Hg, ventricular
      resistance averaged 0.11 mm Hg/ml per sec. Finally, deactivation was greater the
      later in systole a volume step was imposed, and this pattern was independent of
      changes in ventricular filling volume and in contractile state.

PMID- 6825222
TI  - Reflex chronotropic and inotropic effects of calcium channel-blocking agents in
      conscious dogs. Diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine compared.
AB  - In chronically instrumented, conscious dogs, rapid injection of equihypotensive
      doses of three calcium channel-blocking agents, verapamil (250 micrograms/kg),
      diltiazem (200 micrograms/kg) and nifedipine (50 micrograms/kg), produced
      disparate chronotropic and inotropic responses. Although they all decreased mean
      arterial pressure by about 10%, heart rate (93 +/- 4 beats/min) was markedly
      increased to 175 +/- 12 with nifedipine, to 163 +/- 15 with verapamil, and only
      slightly increased to 118 +/- 7 with diltiazem. Contractile responses measured
      before (left ventricular dP/dtmax, 2749 +/- 131 mm Hg/sec) and during left
      ventricular ejection (endocardial dimension dD/dtmax, 57 +/- 4 mm/sec) were
      increased by 24% and 14% with nifedipine, decreased by 26% and 22% with
      verapamil, and were unchanged with diltiazem. These chronotropic and inotropic
      responses to rapid intravenous administration of the three drugs were increased
      in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results also were observed after slow
      infusion of these drugs. To determine the extent to which autonomic reflexes
      participated in these cardiac responses, propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) or propranolol
      plus atropine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) was administered prior to injection of each calcium
      channel-blocking agent. Propranolol abolished the positive inotropic response to
      nifedipine and potentiated the negative inotropic response to verapamil. Positive
      chronotropic responses to verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem were attenuated by
      propranolol plus atropine. These results suggest that equihypotensive doses of
      the three prominent calcium channel-blocking agents exert different degrees of
      autonomic reflex activation in awake, unsedated dogs. These reflexes, which
      modulate the direct effects of calcium channel-blocking agents on chronotropic
      and inotropic variables of the heart, may have important clinical implications.

PMID- 6825225
TI  - Metabolic cost of the stimulated beating of isolated adult rat heart cells in
      suspension.
AB  - Heart cells from adult rats were induced to beat in suspension by electric field
      stimulation. We have gained evidence that all the rod-shaped cells in suspension
      were indeed beating, and that the beat had dynamic characteristics similar to
      those of intact heart muscle contracting under zero load. The cells were
      undamaged in the process, as judged by maintenance of ATP levels, morphology, and
      ability to beat. In gaining such evidence, we also measured the metabolic cost to
      the cells of beating under zero load. In cells with oxidative phosphorylation
      inhibited by rotenone plus oligomycin (termed anaerobic), the rate of beat
      dependent lactate production suggested an equivalent rate of ATP utilization of
      0.126 +/- 0.013 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (plus isoproterenol), and 0.058 +/-
      0.005 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (minus isoproterenol). In respiring cells, the
      rate of beat-dependent oligomycin-sensitive oxygen consumption gave an equivalent
      rate of ATP utilization of 0.198 +/- 0.009 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (plus
      isoproterenol), and 0.126 +/- 0.013 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (minus
      isoproterenol). The cells beat with the same approximate maximum velocity whether
      isoproterenol was present or not. We calculate that--in the case of anaerobic
      cells without isoproterenol--this rate of ATP utilization can account for only
      about a 15% degree of activation of the contractile proteins. In addition, we
      have found an oligomycin-insensitive beat-dependent mitochondrial respiration of
      0.023 +/- 0.006 nanoatom O/beat per mg. The cause of this respiration is not
      known. The total rate of oxygen consumption of cells and also the rate per beat
      was comparable to that measured in nonworking whole hearts.

PMID- 6825224
TI  - Overperfusion, hypoxia, and increased pressure cause only hydrostatic pulmonary
      edema in anesthetized sheep.
AB  - Overperfusion (high pressure and flow through a restricted microvascular bed) has
      been suggested as the mechanism for both microembolic and high altitude pulmonary
      edema. In eighteen anesthetized, ventilated sheep, we measured pulmonary
      hemodynamics, lung lymph flow, and lymph:plasma protein concentration ratio.
      After a 2-hour stable baseline, we resected 65% of lung mass (right lung and left
      upper lobe) and gave whole blood transfusions to maintain cardiac output. During
      overperfusion of the left lower lobe, lymph flow increased moderately (5.8 +/-
      2.3 to 7.7 +/- 3.8 ml/hr) and lymph:plasma protein concentration decreased (0.73
      +/- 0.08 to 0.64 +/- 0.08). After a 2-hour stable period, we decreased inspired
      oxygen in 10 sheep (Pao2 = 40 +/- 3 mm Hg). With added alveolar hypoxia,
      pulmonary artery pressure increased modestly, but lymph flow and the lymph:plasma
      protein concentration ratio did not change. In eight sheep (four hypoxic, four
      normoxic), we raised left atrial pressure approximately 12 cm H2O for 2 hours.
      Lymph flow rose (10.8 +/- 3.8 ml/h) and lymph:plasma protein concentration
      decreased further (0.52 +/- 0.07). At each step, lymph:plasma protein
      concentration decreased, as predicted for the calculated rise in microvascular
      pressure. There was no evidence that overperfusion, with or without alveolar
      hypoxia, increased lung endothelial barrier protein permeability.

PMID- 6825226
TI  - Calcium depletion in rabbit myocardium. Ultrastructure of the sarcolemma and
      correlation with the calcium paradox.

PMID- 6825227
TI  - Transcatheter treatment of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 6825228
TI  - Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease.
AB  - The relationships of total cholesterol and the proportion of cholesterol in
      individual lipoprotein classes to coronary heart disease are complex. To help
      simplify these relationships, cholesterol values are often combined into one
      summary estimate to form a single risk factor with a relationship to disease that
      is more easily described. Although summary estimates result in convenient
      expressions relating cholesterols to coronary heart disease, there is the
      potential for sacrificing information by ignoring the joint configuration of
      cholesterols that make up these estimates. We investigated the extent of this
      possibility for the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol. The findings suggest that the summary estimates are
      useful expressions for combining cholesterol information and are strong
      predictors of coronary heart disease. Clinicians who choose to use a summary
      estimate for screening purposes should recognize that a single ratio estimate is
      not always as informative as the joint configuration of the cholesterols that
      make up the estimate. This possibility is most clearly exhibited for the ratio of
      low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
      it may become more apparent in future studies as the capabilities of exploring
      lipoprotein cholesterol relationships improve.

PMID- 6825229
TI  - The effects of digitalis on survival in high-risk patients with coronary artery
      disease. The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS).

PMID- 6825230
TI  - Coronary anatomy and prognosis after myocardial infarction in patients 60 years
      of age and younger.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-nine hospital survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI)
      age 60 years or younger underwent coronary arteriography a median of 2 weeks
      after infarction and were followed a median of 24 months (range 6-62 months). For
      62%, MI was the first presentation of coronary disease and 75% were in clinical
      Killip class I. Overall outcome was good: 96% survival at 1 year and 95% survival
      at 2 years. This was due to the high prevalence of patients with one-vessel
      disease (58%), with a survival of 99% at 1 year and 96% at 2 years. Only 9% of
      patients had three-vessel disease and they had an 85% survival at 1 year. Eleven
      patients died and 23 had coronary bypass surgery. In this cohort of younger
      patients (mean age 51 years), prophylactic therapy may not be justified because
      of the low mortality and should be reserved for identifiable high-risk groups.

PMID- 6825231
TI  - Comparison of dobutamine and dopamine in acute myocardial infarction. Effects of
      systemic hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines, blood flows and infarct size.

PMID- 6825232
TI  - In vivo estimation of myocardial infarct size and left ventricular function by
      prospectively gated computerized transmission tomography.

PMID- 6825233
TI  - Effects of ischemic-like insult on myocardial thallium-201 accumulation.
AB  - Despite extensive clinical use of thallium-201 (201TI) for myocardial imaging,
      the effect of ischemia on myocardial accumulation and release of 201TI
      independent of flow has not been fully defined. Therefore, myocardial
      accumulation of 201TI in response to ischemic-like myocardial injury was assessed
      in vitro using the cultured fetal mouse heart preparation. Cultured fetal mouse
      hearts (n = 311) were subjected to injury simulating ischemia by deprivation of
      oxygen and oxidizable substrates for periods ranging from 15 minutes to 10 hours.
      The extent of irreversible injury was determined by the percentage of lactic
      dehydrogenase (LDH) lost from the hearts to the culture medium during recovery
      from injury. Injury was essentially reversible at 1 hour of insult. The fraction
      of 201TI content in injured compared with control hearts was not significantly
      lower after 1 hour of insult. By 3 hours of insult, irreversible injury as
      assessed by loss of LDH was detectable and the extent of injury increased
      progressively through 10 hours. During the 3-10-hour period of irreversible
      injury, 201TI accumulation within injured hearts compared with controls was
      related in a monotonically decreasing fashion to the loss of LDH as described by
      a mathematical kinetic model that fit the observations closely (R2 greater than
      0.99). These results indicate that in this organ culture preparation, in which
      there is effectively an unlimited reservoir of 201TI and no confounding effects
      of perfusion, the time-dependent 201TI accumulation is determined by the extent
      of irreversible injury.

PMID- 6825234
TI  - Transmural myocardial infarction in the dog produces sympathectomy in
      noninfarcted myocardium.

PMID- 6825235
TI  - Cardiovascular reflexes stimulated by reperfusion of ischemic myocardium in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially of the inferior left ventricular
      wall, where most cardiac receptors with vagal afferents that are stimulated
      during coronary occlusion are located, is commonly associated with reflex
      hypotension and sinus bradycardia. To determine whether reperfusion of an acutely
      ischemic area can activate cardiac reflexes, changes in the heart rate, arterial
      pressure and rhythm were correlated with the time course and location of
      intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in 41 patients with AMI. Of the 27 patients
      with successful reperfusion, 17 developed significant transient bradycardia and
      hypotension and one became tachycardic and hypertensive at the time of
      recanalization. Spontaneous reversion of the bradycardia and hypotension occurred
      definitely in six patients and possibly in more (nine reverted after atropine and
      two after fluids). A positive correlation existed between the changes in heart
      rate and blood pressure, in contrast to the usual inverse relationship when
      baroreceptors are stimulated. Two of the three patients in whom reperfusion was
      transient also developed hypotension and bradycardia. In contrast, all 11
      patients with persistent occlusion demonstrated no reflex cardiovascular changes
      during intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. Thus, successful reperfusion in AMI
      stimulates cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor (Bezold-Jarisch) reflexes. These
      findings raise the possibility that the transient hypotension and bradycardia
      observed during AMI, particularly inferior MI, may sometimes reflect the
      occurrence of spontaneous reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 6825236
TI  - Effects of propranolol on reflex vascular responses to orthostatic stress in
      humans. Role of ventricular baroreceptors.
AB  - To evaluate the role of ventricular baroreceptors in humans, we studied the
      effects of propranolol on reflex vasoconstrictor responses to simulated
      orthostatic stress. We measured forearm vascular resistance in 10 normal males in
      the control state and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -10 and -40
      mm Hg before and after propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). Baseline forearm vascular
      resistance showed no significant change: 23.9 +/- 3.4 U (+/- SEM) before vs 28.0
      +/- 0.5 U after propranolol. Reflex increases in forearm vascular resistance
      during LBNP at -10 and -40 mm Hg were 5.2 +/- 1.2 and 21.2 +/- 6.6 U before and
      3.4 +/- 1.2 and 10.6 +/- 2.2 U, respectively, after propranolol. Thus,
      propranolol significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced responses to LBNP at -40 mm
      Hg. In contrast to the effects with LBNP, propranolol did not attenuate increases
      in forearm vascular resistance during the cold pressor test and handgrip, thus
      excluding a nonspecific depression of reflexes. We also studied the effects of
      propranolol on carotid baroreflex-mediated vasoconstrictor responses to neck
      pressure at 15 and 30 mm Hg. Propranolol had no significant effect on the
      vasoconstrictor responses to neck pressure. In conclusion, propranolol
      selectively attenuates vasoconstrictor responses to LBNP. We suggest that this
      results from a propranolol-induced decrease in the activity of cardiac
      ventricular baroreceptors. The results support the view that ventricular
      baroreceptors play an important role in reflex adjustments to orthostatic stress
      in humans.

PMID- 6825237
TI  - Propylbutyldopamine: hemodynamic effects in conscious dogs, normal human
      volunteers and patients with heart failure.

PMID- 6825238
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular pressure-volume relations using gated radionuclide
      angiography, echocardiography, and micromanometer pressure recordings. A new
      method for serial measurements of systolic and diastolic function in man.
AB  - This study was designed to validate the use of combined invasive and noninvasive
      methods in assessing serial pressure-volume relations in man. Ten patients
      undergoing cardiac catheterization were studied with simultaneous intracardiac
      micromanometer pressure recordings, gated radionuclide angiography and
      echocardiography. Systolic and diastolic function were measured at rest, during
      right atrial pacing rates of 100 and 120 beats/min and after nitroglycerin
      administration. Right atrial pacing studies (rate of 100 beats/min) were
      performed in duplicate to determine the reproducibility of the method. At the
      conclusion of each study, the model was validated with contrast angiography. Good
      reproducibility was evident when measuring the maximum and average filling and
      ejection rates, time to peak filling rate, ejection fraction, the modulus of
      chamber stiffness, the time course of left ventricular relaxation, global average
      stress and ventricular work indexes using the model described above. These data
      were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from comparable data
      obtained from contrast angiography. Right atrial pacing and nitroglycerin
      administration resulted in predictable alterations in the pressure-volume loop
      and in the systolic and diastolic measurements. The maximum and average filling
      rates, ejection rates and time to peak filling rate appeared to be heart rate
      dependent variables. By combining available invasive and noninvasive methods,
      accurate pressure-volume relationships can be determined. Because the method we
      tested provides accurate volumetric and timing measurements for cardiac events
      and does not alter hemodynamics, it may be useful for obtaining serial
      assessments of the pressure-volume relationship in man.

PMID- 6825240
TI  - A regurgitant jet and echocardiographic abnormalities in aortic regurgitation: an
      experimental study.
AB  - Acute aortic regurgitation was created experimentally in 21 mongrel dogs to
      examine the relationship of the regurgitant jet to observed echocardiographic
      findings. The direction of the regurgitant jet was studied by echo contrast
      injections in the aortic root. Diastolic fluttering of the anterior mitral
      leaflet (AML) was noted in all 21 dogs irrespective of direction of the jet.
      Diastolic fluttering of the interventricular septum (IVS) was noted in six of the
      seven dogs with a tear of the noncoronary cusp and in one of seven dogs with
      lesions in the left coronary cusp. In all seven dogs with echocardiographically
      demonstrated IVS fluttering, a regurgitant jet impinged on the anterior part of
      the IVS. Amplitude of the AML excursion was not significantly different from
      control when the lesions involved the noncoronary or the left coronary cusps.
      However, all seven dogs that had a lesion in the right coronary cusp demonstrated
      a significant reduction in the amplitude of the AML excursion. The regurgitant
      jet in these dogs impinged uniformly on the AML. We conclude that diastolic
      fluttering of the AML is uniformly observed and unrelated to the direction of the
      regurgitant jet, diastolic fluttering of the IVS is caused by the regurgitant jet
      impinging upon the IVS, and amplitude of the AML may be reduced as a result of a
      jet impingement of the AML.

PMID- 6825239
TI  - Correlation of echocardiographic wall stress and left ventricular pressure and
      function in aortic stenosis.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that left ventricular pressure (P) can be
      predicted in patients with aortic stenosis by the equation P = 235 h/r, where 235
      is a constant peak wall stress (sigma), h is end-systolic wall thickness, and r
      is end-systolic dimension/2; h and r are measured by M-mode echocardiography. In
      73 patients with aortic stenosis (valve area less than 0.7 cm2), measured and
      predicted left ventricular pressure correlated poorly (r = 0.17). The measured
      wall stress in our patients varied from 120 to 250 mm Hg in patients with normal
      left ventricular function and from 250 to 550 mm Hg in patients with abnormal
      function. The correlation between sigma and h was only fair (r = 0.53), because
      many patients had inappropriate left ventricular hypertrophy. There was a
      statistically significant correlation between ejection fraction and sigma (r =
      0.62) and between ejection fraction and end-systolic dimension (r = -0.70), but
      there was considerable scatter of ejection fractions for any given end-systolic
      dimension. We conclude that sigma is not constant in aortic stenosis, and the use
      of a constant sigma to predict left ventricular pressure is unreliable;
      inappropriate left ventricular hypertrophy may explain why sigma is not constant.
      M-mode echocardiography is not reliable in assessing the severity of aortic
      stenosis in adults; such assessment requires precise measurements of pressure
      gradients and flow by cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 6825241
TI  - Noninvasive prediction of transvalvular pressure gradient in patients with
      pulmonary stenosis by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler
      studies.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that maximal Doppler velocities measured within the jets
      that form downstream from stenotic valves can be used to predict aortic valve
      gradients. To test whether the Doppler method would be useful for evaluation and
      management of pediatric patients with right ventricular outflow obstruction, we
      evaluated pulmonary artery flow before catheterization in 16 children with
      pulmonary valve stenosis. We used a 3.5-MHz, quantitative, range-gated, two
      dimensional, pulsed, echocardiographic Doppler scanner with fast Fourier
      transform spectral output and a 2.5-MHz phased array with pulsed or continuous
      mode Doppler. Peak systolic pulmonary artery flow velocities in the jet were
      recorded distal to the domed pulmonary valve leaflets in short-axis parasternal
      echocardiographic views. The pulsed Doppler scanner, because of its limitations
      for resolving high velocities, could quantify only the mildest stenoses; but,
      especially with the continuous Doppler technique, a close correlation was found
      between maximal velocity recorded in the jet and transpulmonary gradients between
      11 and 180 mm Hg. A simplified Bernoulli equation (transvalvular gradient = 4 x
      [maximal velocity]2) proposed by Hatle and Angelsen could be used to predict the
      gradients found at catheterization with a high degree of accuracy (r = 0.98, SEE
      = +/- 7 mm Hg). Our study shows that recording of maximal Doppler jet velocities
      appears to provide a reliable measure of the severity of valvular pulmonic
      stenosis.

PMID- 6825242
TI  - The mitral valve orifice method for noninvasive two-dimensional echo Doppler
      determinations of cardiac output.
AB  - We developed and validated a mitral valve orifice method for Doppler cardiac
      output determination. In 15 open-chest dogs, cardiac output was controlled and
      measured by a roller pump interposed between the right atrium and pulmonary
      artery as a right-heart bypass. Left heart flows were measured in the open-chest
      dog model by Doppler measurements at the mitral valve orifice and compared not
      only to volume flow measured by the roller pump, but to electromagnetic flow
      meters as well. The maximum mitral valve orifice area was measured off short-axis
      two-dimensional echocardiographic views by planimetry. The maximal orifice was
      then adjusted for its diastolic variation in size by calculating a ratio of mean
      to-maximal mitral valve separation on a derived M-mode echocardiogram. Flow was
      sampled parallel to mitral valve inflow in a four-chamber plane. The
      multiplication of mean flow throughout the cardiac cycle by the mean mitral valve
      area after correction for diastolic size variation yielded a cardiac output
      determination that could be compared to the roller pump measurement. Fifty-two
      cardiac output determinations over roller pump values of 1-5 l/min yielded a high
      correlation between roller pump flows and Doppler (r = 0.97 +/- 0.23 l/min). Our
      study shows that the mitral valve orifice provides an accurate site for Doppler
      cardiac output measurements.

PMID- 6825243
TI  - Supravalvular aortic stenosis and coronary ostial stenosis in familial
      hypercholesterolemia: two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment.
AB  - The lesions of the aortic root, which are supravalvular aortic stenosis and
      coronary ostial stenosis, in familial hypercholesterolemia were studied using two
      dimensional echocardiography. The subjects were 25 heterozygotes, six homozygotes
      and 30 control subjects. The internal diameters of the aortic ring, the sinus of
      Valsalva and the supravalvular aortic ring were measured. Measurement variation
      due to body size was avoided by normalizing the latter two values by the diameter
      of the aortic ring. Four heterozygotes and all homozygotes were judged to have
      stenosis of the supravalvular aortic ring; none of heterozygotes and four
      homozygotes had stenosis of the sinus of Valsalva. In three of the four patients
      with stenosis of both the supravalvular aortic ring and the sinus of Valsalva, a
      pressure gradient was demonstrated. The degree of supravalvular aortic stenosis
      correlated with the serum cholesterol level but not with patient age. All
      homozygotes, even very young ones, had a severe aortic root lesion. In the short
      axis view of the aortic root, a lump (raised mass) on the aortic wall indicating
      atheromatous plaquing was demonstrated in five heterozygotes and all homozygotes.
      Coronary ostial stenosis was shown in three of the four patients whose plaquing
      echoes were adjacent to the coronary orifice. We conclude that two-dimensional
      echocardiography is useful in diagnosing lesions of the aortic root in patients
      with hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6825244
TI  - Subxiphoid two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of double-chambered right
      ventricle.
AB  - The echocardiographic features of 14 patients with double-chambered right
      ventricle are presented. Diagnosis was confirmed in 13 patients at cardiac
      catheterization and in one at necropsy. The ultrasonic diagnosis was based on the
      visualization in subxiphoid short-axis view of an anomalous muscle bundle at the
      lower margin of the right ventricular infundibulum; this structure was present in
      diastole and systole and the distal portion of infundibulum was wide and free of
      obstruction. Associated lesions were very frequent (especially ventricular septal
      defects, present in 13 patients). Subxiphoid two-dimensional echocardiography is
      an easy, reliable, noninvasive means of assessing this disease in infants and
      children.

PMID- 6825245
TI  - Accuracy of volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography: defining
      requirements under controlled conditions in the ejecting canine left ventricle.
AB  - The accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular volume
      measurement in an isolated heart preparation was tested using Simpson's
      reconstruction of progressively fewer short-axis cross sections of known
      location. Echocardiographic images from five ejecting hearts submerged in a
      special tank were obtained under conditions designed for maximal accuracy of
      echocardiographic volume assessment. Echocardiographic determinations of 52
      volumes at various times throughout the cardiac cycle were compared, by least
      squares linear regression, with simultaneous direct-volume measurements by
      volumetric chamber (range 9.4-44.8 ml). Echocardiographic and direct measurements
      correlated well for all numbers of cross sections from 1-19 (r = 0.84-0.97);
      however, variability of direct volume predicted from a given echocardiographic
      measurement increased nonlinearly as the number of cross sections per heart
      decreased, and was especially large when three or fewer cross sections were used
      (SEE = 4.6-7 ml). The accuracy of echocardiographic measures was compared for
      each number of cross sections per heart, varying from one to 19; accuracy was
      defined as the mean absolute difference between echocardiographic and direct
      measurements of volume, ejection fraction, and maximal rate of ejection. The
      accuracy of echocardiographic measurements was significantly reduced with fewer
      than four cross sections per heart for ventricular volume, three cross sections
      for ejection fraction, and five cross sections for maximal rate of ejection. In
      light of what appears to be required for accurate echocardiographic volume
      measurement in this controlled, ejecting, noninfarcted, in vitro preparation,
      additional cross sections may be required in intact animals and human subjects,
      especially in those with diseases that cause ventricular asymmetry or regional
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6825246
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of seasonal variations in cardiac structure and function
      in cyclists.

PMID- 6825247
TI  - The diagnosis of acute, recurrent, deep-vein thrombosis: a diagnostic challenge.
AB  - Recurrent venous thrombosis presents a diagnostic challenge. Venography,
      impedance plethysmography and fibrinogen leg scanning all have potential
      limitations, and their role in this context has not been evaluated. We performed
      a prospective cohort study evaluating impedance plethysmography and leg scanning,
      plus venography, using outcome on long-term follow-up as the end point in 270
      patients with clinically suspected recurrent deep-vein thrombosis. Anticoagulant
      treatment was withheld in the 181 patients negative by noninvasive testing and
      was given in patients positive by impedance plethysmography if leg scanning was
      positive or if intraluminal filling defects were detected by venography. The
      validity of this approach was tested by long-term follow-up. Three of 181
      patients (1.7%) negative by noninvasive testing had a recurrence, compared with
      18 of 89 (20%) with positive findings (p less than 0.001). Our objective
      diagnostic approach has high clinical utility; an objective rationale for
      withholding or giving treatment was established in 95% of patients.

PMID- 6825249
TI  - Evaluation of a catheter technique for ablation of accessory pathways near the
      coronary sinus using a canine model.

PMID- 6825248
TI  - Rate-dependent changes in excitability of depressed cardiac Purkinje fibers as a
      mechanism of intermittent bundle branch block.
AB  - When the heart rate is accelerated, rate-dependent intraventricular block may
      occur. This block has been attributed to abnormal action potential prolongation
      in a diseased conducting pathway. Less often, intraventricular block develops
      during slowing of the heart rate and has been explained in terms of phase 4
      depolarization in potentially automatic cells within the diseased fascicle. We
      tested these hypotheses in isolated bundles of Purkinje fibers placed in a three
      chambered tissue bath. In one group of experiments, conditions of localized
      injury and depressed excitability were mimicked by superfusing the central
      segment with sucrose solution. Action potentials were initiated in the proximal
      segment while the slope of phase 4 of cells in the distal end was controlled by
      intracellular ramps of current of either polarity. In these preparations, phase 4
      depolarization facilitated rather than retarded propagation across the depressed
      segment, even at takeoff potentials as low as -45 mV. In a second group,
      depressed excitability was induced by exposing the three fiber segments to
      Tyrode's solution that contained high concentrations of KCl and CaCl2 or
      isoproterenol (0.1 microgram/ml). Under these conditions, Purkinje fibers did not
      undergo phase 4 depolarization and did not generate abnormally prolonged action
      potentials. These preparations showed a biphasic time dependence of conduction
      during premature stimulation or in response to changes in the basic cycle length.
      Conduction impairment and block were manifest at either side of an optimal
      interval or cycle length. Our results suggest that phase 4 depolarization and
      abnormally prolonged action potentials are not necessary conditions for
      intermittent block. Both tachycardia and bradycardia-dependent intraventricular
      conduction abnormalities may be associated with time-dependent variations in the
      excitability of depolarized conducting fibers as well as in the amplitude of the
      slow responses generated by these fibers. These alterations can be explained in
      terms of regulation of slow inward current by the intracellular calcium
      concentration.

PMID- 6825250
TI  - The systolic stress-volume relationship.

PMID- 6825251
TI  - More stunned myocardium.

PMID- 6825252
TI  - A new reagent strip (Visidex) for determination of glucose in whole blood.
AB  - A new solid-phase reagent strip for determination of glucose in whole blood,
      Visidex, has been developed specifically for visual use in conjunction with a
      calibrated color scale. Two reagent pads are used, each formulated for a
      different portion of the range of clinical values, to maximize the visual
      resolution available to the user. Colorimetric examination of reacted reagent
      pads indicated that the label color blocks match closely the appearance of the
      reagent pads; that the reagent pads exhibit good precision; and that the colors
      of the reagent pads are independent of operator technique, sample volume (20-50
      microL), and effects of potential interferents studied (although high
      concentrations of fluoride slightly inhibited color development). Glucose
      measurements obtained visually with the Visidex system correlated well with
      values obtained with a YSI Glucose Analyzer (for two separate studies, slope =
      0.96 and 1.04, r = 0.99 and 0.96, and n = 172 and 543, respectively).

PMID- 6825253
TI  - Column deactivation in analysis for underivatized tricyclic antidepressants by
      gas chromatography with use of a nitrogen detector.
AB  - I describe deactivation treatment of the OV-17 chromatographic column to minimize
      adsorption of tricyclic antidepressant drugs on the solid support of the column.
      The procedure involves heat treatment at 399 degrees C under a low flow of
      nitrogen, with bleeding of OV-17 liquid phase from the injector tube into the
      column. The column is then conditioned with vapors of phenyldiethanolamine
      succinate, added to the carrier gas stream by bleeding from a coated injector
      glass tube. This deactivation process much improves the chromatographic
      performance of the column, allowing a sensitivity at the nanogram level with a
      nitrogen-sensitive detector. Determinations of tricyclic antidepressants in
      plasma with such a deactivated column results in a low CV and a linear
      calibration curve, reflecting the effectiveness of the deactivation.

PMID- 6825254
TI  - Effects of contaminants in blood-collection devices on measurements of
      therapeutic drugs.
AB  - Substances in evacuated blood-collection devices produce gas-chromatographic
      peaks with retention times similar to those of drugs. All tubes tested except the
      serum separator tubes contained tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, as determined by
      mass spectrometry. In addition, the partition coefficient during the solvent
      extraction step increased for some drugs by as much as 40%, while for other drugs
      it decreased by as much as 30%, depending on the drug and the collection tube.
      The Becton Dickinson serum separator tube also contains several other compounds
      identified by mass spectrometry to be dibasic esters used in the preparation of
      the polyester gel. The Corning serum separator tube and the Venoject serum tube
      contain still other impurities. The Becton Dickinson royal-blue-stoppered tube
      contained the least amount of impurities of the tubes tested. CVs of 25 commonly
      measured drugs in plasma pools increased from 5% for samples collected in glass
      tubes to greater than 20% for samples collected in evacuated blood-collection
      tubes. Clearly, accuracy and precision of measurements of therapeutic drugs can
      be seriously compromised if an inappropriate blood-collection device is used.

PMID- 6825255
TI  - Effect of aspirin on determinations of glycosylated hemoglobin.
AB  - We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of aspirin on several clinical
      assays of glycosylated hemoglobin. Acetylation of hemoglobin falsely increased
      the glycosylated hemoglobin fraction measured by "high-performance" liquid
      chromatography and electrophoresis, but isoelectric focusing and colorimetric
      techniques differentiated between acetylated and glycosylated fractions. Aspirin
      ingestion may result in an apparent increase in glycosylated hemoglobin measured
      with common clinical assays.

PMID- 6825256
TI  - Usefulness of serial determinations of myoglobin and creatine kinase in serum
      compared for assessment of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with their first myocardial infarction underwent serial blood
      sampling every 2 h for determination of serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin
      during the first 48-72 h after onset of pain. The first blood sample, obtained at
      a mean time of 4.4 h after infarct onset, invariably showed increased myoglobin
      (mean, 8.3-fold normal), whereas CK was often normal (mean, 1.6-fold normal).
      Peak myoglobin values occurred earlier than peak CK values (9.9 h vs 21.6 h, p
      less than 0.0005), but there was a significant correlation of peak values
      (myoglobin = 0.384CK - 0.264, r = 0.794, p less than 0.0005). The mean
      exponential disappearance rate (Kd) of CK was 0.00106 min-1 and of myoglobin was
      0.00265 min-1 (p less than 0.0005). The disappearance of myoglobin was well
      described by a mono-exponential expression except in two patients. The total
      duration of the increase in myoglobin was significantly less than that of CK
      (34.7 h vs 74.4 h, p less than 0.0005).

PMID- 6825258
TI  - Direct determination of cadmium in urine with use of a stabilized temperature
      platform furnace and Zeeman background correction.
AB  - In this determination of Cd in urine, simple aqueous standards were used to which
      NaCl and the matrix modifier were added. The urine was diluted fivefold with
      water. The mean analytical recovery of added Cd for urine samples was 101%, with
      individual variations of less than 4%. We used the stabilized temperature
      platform furnace, Zeeman background correction, pyrolytically coated graphite
      tubes, and (NH4)2HPO4 plus HNO3 as a matrix modifier. The sensitivity of the
      method provided a characteristic amount of 0.35 pg of Cd per 0.0044 A X s,
      obtained with integrated absorbance readings. The absolute Cd detection limit in
      urine was 0.15 pg, corresponding to 0.04 microgram/L of urine. Lower relative
      detection limits for Cd in urine can be attained if the analytical situation
      demands it.

PMID- 6825257
TI  - Simultaneous very fast liquid-chromatographic analysis of ethosuximide,
      primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum.
AB  - We describe a sensitive, specific, and very fast liquid-chromatographic assay for
      simultaneously determining five anticonvulsants (ethosuximide, primidone,
      phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine) by using commercially available 5-
      or 3-microns particle size reversed-phase columns and a microflow-cell-equipped
      ultraviolet detector. The anticonvulsant drugs are extracted from 200 microL of
      serum containing 50 mg of cyclopal per liter as an internal standard, by elution
      from a Bond-Elut (Analytichem International, Harbor City, CA 90710) column with
      300 microL of methanol. A 5-microL aliquot of the eluate is applied to an
      analytical column and eluted with a mobile phase of
      acetonitrile/methanol/phosphate buffer, 20 mmol/L, pH 3.7 (13.5/35/51.5 by vol),
      at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min and at 50 degrees C. Detection is at 210 or 195 nm.
      The chromatography is complete in less than 2.5 min with the 5-microns-particle
      column, and in less than 1.4 min with the 3-microns-particle column. The
      sensitivity of the method for all drugs is less than 1 mg/L. Analytical recovery
      of drugs added to serum ranged from 92 to 109% for concentrations up to 200 mg/L.
      Between-run precision (CV) ranged from 1.3 to 4.1%.

PMID- 6825259
TI  - Optimized atomic absorption spectrophotometry of zinc in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - This method for direct determination of Zn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) involves
      flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a pulse nebulizer technique.
      Standard solutions of Zn in 150 mmol/L NaCl were used. We could account for 88%
      of added standard with the method in individual samples from 10 patients and in
      pooled CSF. The method is acceptably precise, CVs in pooled CSF ranging from 4 to
      12%. The mean CSF-Zn concentration for nine healthy men was 0.18 (SD 0.04)
      mumol/L and for nine healthy women 0.15 (SD 0.03) mumol/L, a statistically
      insignificant difference. These values are lower than those in previous reports,
      which may have been the result of contamination problems, nonatomic absorption,
      or nonstandardized sampling. In the healthy volunteers, the CSF-Zn concentration
      was positively correlated with serum-Zn, CSF-protein, and CSF-albumin
      concentrations, as well as with the CSF/serum ratio for albumin.

PMID- 6825260
TI  - Improved measurement of acetylsalicylic acid esterase in serum.
AB  - A fixed-time incubation method for measuring acetylsalicylic acid esterase was
      improved by using a higher concentration of the substrate, acetylsalicylic acid,
      and an activator, Ca2+. The enzymatic activity in serum was 25-fold that measured
      by earlier methods. Inhibition studies showed a pattern similar to that reported
      for cholinesterase. Use of cholinesterase inhibitor in sample tubes for
      determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid is recommended.

PMID- 6825261
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of bile acids in tissue, bile, and urine.
AB  - Two commercially available (Abbott Labs.) radioimmunoassays for determination of
      conjugated cholic acid and sulfoglycolithocholic acid in serum have been modified
      for bile acid measurements in alcoholic tissue extracts, bile, and urine. The
      specificity of both radioimmunoassays has been determined with regard to 27 free
      and conjugated bile acids. After filtration, bile acids can be measured in urine
      and bile without prior extraction. Tissue is homogenized and the bile acids are
      extracted into methanol. Urinary excretion by 64 healthy humans was 2.09 (SD
      1.09) mumol of conjugated cholic acid and 8.44 (SD 8.03) mumol of sulfated
      glycolithocholic acid per 24 h. In liver from 10 patients with various
      noncholestatic liver disease, the mean concentration of conjugated cholic acid
      was 32.4 (SD 15.9) nmol/g wet weight. In the liver of 27 male Wistar rats, the
      concentration of conjugated cholic acid was 41.3 (SD 11.7) nmol/g of tissue, of
      sulfoglycolithocholic acid 5.1 (SD 2.3) nmol/g of tissue.

PMID- 6825262
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Eastman Kodak's Ektachem 400 Analyzer.
AB  - We evaluated the performance of the Kodak Ektachem 400 Analyzer in a 16-week
      clinical trial. We assessed four potentiometric tests and nine colorimetric tests
      for precision and correlation with results obtained some other commonly used
      instruments (Technicon SMA II and C800 System, Du Pont aca II, and Baker
      CentrifiChem). The comparison was favorable for all tests except albumin, sodium,
      and carbon dioxide. The reagents are stable. Little refrigerator storage space is
      needed. The computer system and the modular component design of the Ektachem 400
      Analyzer make operation, troubleshooting, and preventive maintenance relatively
      easy.

PMID- 6825263
TI  - Effect of variations in room temperature on measured values of blood gas quality
      control materials.
AB  - We compared four commercial quality-control materials equilibrated in sealed
      ampoules at 21 or 26 degrees C in three models of blood gas machines and found
      po2 differences of about 13.3 Pa (10 mmHg) for an aqueous mixture with
      hemoglobin; about 6.7 Pa (5 mmHg) for two aqueous buffers without hemoglobin, and
      none for a fluorocarbon-containing emulsion. Differences for pco2 and pH were
      small but statistically significant. Variability within machines for pco2, po2,
      and pH was small but differences among machines were large, especially for po2.
      These results emphasize that aqueous solutions and hemoglobin-containing mixtures
      used for proficiency testing and quality control should be equilibrated at the
      temperature recommended by the manufacturer, opened, and sampled promptly.

PMID- 6825265
TI  - Interlaboratory proficiency survey of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      measurement.
AB  - Proficiency surveys of Seattle-area laboratories suggest only slight improvement
      in overall performance in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) measurement between 1978
      and 1982, although the reported workload for HDL has increased by 15%. The mean
      interlaboratory SD was 64 mg/L (ranging from 34 for a pool averaging 299 mg/L to
      136 for a pool averaging 886 mg of HDL cholesterol per liter) in 1982, compared
      with 79 mg/L (range 48-155) in 1978-79. Of the individual laboratory results in
      the current survey, 39% deviated by more than 50 mg/L from target values as
      compared with 37% in 1978-79. The discrepant values were primarily ascribable to
      method inaccuracy: only 30% of laboratories in 1982 reported results that
      averaged within 30 mg/L of target values (vs 50% in 1978). For within-run
      precision, 80% of laboratories in 1982 had SDs of less than 30 mg/L, vs 70% in
      1978. The 1982 survey included a lyophilized serum prepared by spray freezing and
      bulk lyophilization (Hyland Omega), identical to the pools used in the College of
      American Pathologists Comprehensive Chemistry Survey, and five pools of frozen
      plasma. Interlaboratory variation and biases for the Omega pool were similar to
      those for the frozen pools.

PMID- 6825266
TI  - Ultrafiltrable calcium and magnesium in ultrafiltrates of serum prepared with the
      Amicon MPS-1 system.
AB  - We evaluated the Amicon micropartition system (MPS-1) for preparing
      ultrafiltrates of serum for use in evaluating ultrafiltrable Ca and Mg. We found
      no adsorption of either to the filter and 99.6% retention of serum proteins on
      the membrane. Ultrafiltrate volumes recovered (100-450 microL) varied with
      centrifugation time (10-30 min) and temperature. Centrifugation time did not
      affect the measured concentration of ultrafiltrable calcium and magnesium, and pH
      change in the 1-mL serum specimen during a 30-min centrifugation at room
      temperature was negligible. There was an inverse relationship between temperature
      and ultrafiltrable Ca and Mg concentrations. The precision (CV) between filters
      ranged from 1.2 to 5.1% for ultrafiltrable Ca and 1.5 to 2.7% for ultrafiltrable
      Mg. The correlation between ultrafiltrable Ca (y) and ionized Ca (x) in samples
      from 115 patients with calcium-related metabolic disorders was good (y = 1.04x +
      0.18; r = 0.9128). We find the MPS-1 to be a simple and convenient tool for the
      rapid production of serum ultrafiltrates.

PMID- 6825264
TI  - Short-term biological variation of plasma analytes in renal disease.
AB  - Analytical, intra-individual, and inter-individual components of variation were
      estimated from duplicate analyses of 11 plasma analytes in an average of 13
      specimens obtained, over a two-day period, from nine patients with impaired renal
      function. Analytical variance was 17.3% of the total variance for sodium; less
      than 5% of the total variance for potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, albumin, and
      calcium; and less than 1% for urea, creatinine, glucose, creatine kinase (EC
      2.7.3.2), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2). Average intra-individual
      variances were of the same order as those found in healthy individuals. All
      analytes except glucose showed strong individuality. We postulate that, in
      nonacute pathological processes where new homeostatic steady states are reached,
      biological variations around the new set points are of the same order as those
      found in healthy individuals.

PMID- 6825267
TI  - Clinical implications of differences between two recommended procedures for
      determination of aspartate aminotransferase.
AB  - We compared two officially recommended methods for determination of aspartate
      aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1): that of the International Federation of Clinical
      Chemistry (IFCC) and that of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Klinische Chemie
      (DGKC). We used automated enzyme analyzers, initiating the reactions with 2
      oxoglutarate. Normal values, 10-30 U/L (IFCC) and 7-18 U/L (DGKC), were
      apparently insensitive to intra-individual variations. Samples obtained from
      patients with heart disease showed a markedly different amount of activation with
      pyridoxal phosphate as compared with samples from other patient categories.
      Ratios for aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase, as used in the
      differentiation of liver disease, can still be used with either method for
      determination of aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 6825268
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic profiles of urinary porphyrins.
AB  - Information on changes in the urinary excretion pattern of porphyrins can be
      especially useful in the diagnosis of disorders of porphyrin metabolism. Most
      clinical laboratory procedures are designed for assay of uroporphyrin and
      coproporphyrin only, and in many cases even these are not cleanly separated.
      Hence, we developed a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic procedure to
      separate and quantify all five urinary porphyrins--that is, those with four
      through eight carboxyl groups. Before chromatography, the porphyrins are isolated
      from other urinary components by two simple, rapid pretreatment steps, then
      injected into the chromatograph in nonesterified form. They are separated and
      eluted with a step gradient of methanol/phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, in which the
      methanol content is first 650, then 850 mL/L. As little as 1 ng of eluted
      porphyrins can be measured fluorometrically. Analytical recovery of
      coproporphyrin is virtually 100% and of uroporphyrin 75-80%. CVs are about 10%
      for coproporphyrin at 70 micrograms/L and 20-40% for uroporphyrin at 8
      micrograms/L.

PMID- 6825269
TI  - A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum
      triglycerides.
AB  - We describe an enzymatic method for rapid, precise measurement of serum
      triglycerides with use of sample:reagent ratios as large as 1:200. Hydrolysis of
      triglycerides is catalyzed by lipase to produce glycerol and free fatty acids.
      The glycerol generated is then phosphorylated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the
      presence of glycerol kinase. Oxidation of the resulting glycerol 3-phosphate to
      produce hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase. An
      intense red chromogen is produced by the peroxidase-catalyzed coupling of 4
      aminoantipyrene and sodium 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate with hydrogen
      peroxide. This sensitive chromogen system not only permits use of unusually small
      sample volumes, it also facilitates a linear response to serum triglyceride
      concentrations up to at least 10 g/L while displaying good Ringbom (measure of
      accuracy) characteristics.

PMID- 6825270
TI  - Radioimmunometric assay for a monoclonal antibody-defined tumor marker, CA 19-9.
AB  - We describe a solid-phase radioimmunometric sandwich assay for a new tumor marker
      defined by a monoclonal antibody (19-9). This antibody reacts with a carbohydrate
      antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) found at low concentrations in sera from healthy
      individuals but frequently increased in sera from patients with adenocarcinomas.
      The assay is sensitive and simple to perform. It requires duplicate 100-microL
      samples and may be performed in 6 h. The concentration of CA 19-9 in samples is
      determined by reference to a standard curve, which is essentially linear from 0
      to 120 arbitrary units/mL. The average CV is approximately 10% in the range of
      5.8 to 120 units/mL. The minimum detectable dose is 1.4 units/mL and analytical
      recovery of CA 19-9 is 97.6 to 100.6%. The average concentration of CA 19-9 in
      sera from 1020 healthy individuals was 8.4 (SD 7.4) units/mL; only 0.6% of such
      sera had concentrations greater than 37 units/mL. The assay has high specificity
      (98.5%), even among patients with benign diseases, and has high sensitivity (up
      to 79%) for patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, especially those of
      the pancreas.

PMID- 6825271
TI  - Six methods for determining urinary protein compared.
AB  - Inter-laboratory surveys have shown that "routine methods" of urinary protein
      determination are often unsatisfactory. Therefore, we compared six frequently
      used methods for determination of protein in urine with respect to linearity,
      within-batch and between-batch precision, comparative bias, and practicability.
      We assayed dilutions of human and bovine albumin and serum, and fresh and
      lyophilized human urine. We find that the AACC Selected Method has poor
      practicability and poor precision under routine conditions, but good linearity.
      The sulfosalicylic acid/biuret technique is also impracticable, requires a large
      sample, and is not linear at low concentrations of urine protein. The Coomassie
      Brilliant Blue technique has a narrow range of linearity and poor precision. The
      sulfosalicylic acid/sodium sulfate turbidimetric method is not precise and cannot
      be standardized with bovine materials. The Ponceau-S technique has good
      performance characteristics and practicability, and we recommend it for routine
      laboratory use.

PMID- 6825272
TI  - Stability of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in frozen sera.

PMID- 6825273
TI  - Amniotic fluid phospholipids assessed by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer
      chromatography.

PMID- 6825274
TI  - More on flow injection/atomic absorption analysis for electrolytes.

PMID- 6825275
TI  - Selecting a diagnostic study's cutoff value by using its receiver operating
      characteristic curve.

PMID- 6825276
TI  - Acceptable limits for precision and accuracy in a long-term quality-control
      procedure.

PMID- 6825277
TI  - Is commercial serum suitable for quality control of serum total iron-binding
      capacity?

PMID- 6825278
TI  - A proposal for the abandonment of activity units for most plasma enzymes.

PMID- 6825279
TI  - Salicylate interference with measurement of acetaminophen.

PMID- 6825280
TI  - Increased urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion in a patient with essential
      hypertension and hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6825281
TI  - Method correlation--a modified creatinine module for the IL 508 analyzer.

PMID- 6825282
TI  - Copper in serum measured with the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer.

PMID- 6825283
TI  - The Seralzyer and use of quality-control materials.

PMID- 6825284
TI  - Unusual creatine kinase isoenzyme pattern associated with a case of acute
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 6825285
TI  - Lack of ferritin concentration at the decision level among commercial quality
      control materials.

PMID- 6825286
TI  - Addition of diadenosine pentaphosphate to creatine kinase reagent improves
      identification of creatine kinase isoenzymes after electrophoresis.

PMID- 6825287
TI  - Validating new methods.

PMID- 6825288
TI  - Autoantibodies to thyroxin and interference with free-thyroxin assay.

PMID- 6825289
TI  - "Improved" vitamin B12 assays: a report on two commercial kits.

PMID- 6825290
TI  - Storage of hydrogen breath-test samples in plastic syringes.

PMID- 6825291
TI  - Nova 2 ionized calcium analyzer: imprecision, bias, and protein interference.

PMID- 6825292
TI  - Enzymatically active component of macro-creatine kinase appears to be BB
      isoenzyme.

PMID- 6825293
TI  - Differences in vitamin B12 results as measured with boil and no-boil kits.

PMID- 6825294
TI  - Concept of "robustness" for emergency test selection.

PMID- 6825295
TI  - Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1: effect of time of sampling and total
      serum LD activity on diagnostic efficacy.

PMID- 6825296
TI  - A better method for eliminating salicylate interference with measurement of
      acetaminophen.

PMID- 6825297
TI  - Creatine kinase B-subunit activity in serum in cases of suspected myocardial
      infarction: a prediction model based on the slope of MB increase and percentage
      CK-MB activity.

PMID- 6825298
TI  - Alternative approach to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of serum.

PMID- 6825299
TI  - Atypical, anodally migrating alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in children and its
      relation to abdominal symptoms.

PMID- 6825300
TI  - Effect of temperature and methodology on spurious hyponatremia due to serum
      hyperviscosity.

PMID- 6825301
TI  - Stability of catecholamines in urine.

PMID- 6825302
TI  - Use of the mean and range rule for the Du Pont aca.

PMID- 6825303
TI  - More on the phadebas isoamylase test.

PMID- 6825305
TI  - Determination of serum glucose by a continuous-flow technique using glucose
      oxidase and 4-chlor-3-methylphenol as a color reagent.

PMID- 6825304
TI  - Increased plasma copper in patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta
      synthase deficiency.
AB  - We measured blood copper-containing proteins and plasma total copper in 15
      patients with homocystinuria (14 with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency and
      one with abnormal cobalamin metabolism), in 13 heterozygotes for cystathionine
      beta-synthase deficiency, and in 44 normal subjects. Plasma total copper was
      increased in patients with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency compared with
      age- and sex-matched controls; the ratio was 1.41 +/- 0.14 for females and 1.39
      +/- 0.15 for males (means +/- SD). This was due to corresponding increases in
      caeruloplasmin concentrations, but levels were unrelated to total plasma
      homocysteine. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase levels were normal. The
      heterozygotes had normal plasma copper and caeruloplasmin levels. The increased
      copper and caeruloplasmin may contribute to the precocious atherogenesis
      occurring in homocystinuria by decreasing the adhesion of vascular endothelial
      cells to the intima. It is unlikely that decreased lysyl oxidase activity due to
      chelation of copper by homocysteine is important for the pathogenesis of the
      connective tissue defect in homocystinuria.

PMID- 6825306
TI  - Quantitative chromogenic endotoxin determination in cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6825307
TI  - Dermal excretion of iron in intensely training athletes.
AB  - The iron concentration in sweat and serum and related variables (transferrin
      saturation percentage, hemoglobin concentration) was measured in two groups of
      distance runners, each consisting of ten persons. In the first group unclear
      sweat was collected from the back of the athletes during cycling (without
      previous washing). The iron concentration (means +/- SEM) was 5.2 +/- 1.0 mumol/l
      of sweat. In the second group the sweat collection was performed similarly, but
      following elimination of the very first sweat from the site of collection (back)
      before three consecutive samples were taken. The iron concentration of the three
      samples was 3.6 +/- 1.1, 2.3 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.3 mumol/1. There was no
      statistically significant difference between the consecutive samples on the p
      less than 0.001 level. These results are in accordance with the lowest values
      found in the literature. There was no correlation between the iron concentration
      in sweat and in serum of the 20 persons. Seven of the runners had transferrin
      saturation percentages below 20, suggesting a possible iron deficiency. A daily
      loss in sweat of more than 18 mumol (1 mg) is possible in these runners training
      125-350 km/week all the year round. The dominating iron loss of male endurance
      athletes is probably through the sweat.

PMID- 6825308
TI  - Radioimmunochemical quantitation of sulfated and non-sulfated gastrins in serum.
AB  - A radioimmunochemical procedure which distinguishes sulfated from non-sulfated
      gastrins has been developed. Two antisera raised against synthetic non-sulfated
      human hexadecapeptide gastrin were used. No. 2604 binds sulfated and non-sulfated
      gastrins with equimolar potency, whereas No. 2605 reacts poorly with sulfated
      gastrin (ID50 for non-sulfated gastrin: ID50 for sulfated gastrin = 0.06). Both
      antisera bind gastrins of different molecular length with equimolar potency using
      monoiodinated human gastrin-17 as tracer. The method was validated by
      fractionating gastrins in serum and in tissue extracts, and by recovery
      experiments. We found that Component I of gastrin--like the smaller gastrin
      components--was present in both, sulfated and non-sulfated form. In serum from
      normal fasting subjects the concentration of non-sulfated gastrin was 12.5 +/-
      0.8 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) with a total range of 0-44 pmol/l and the corresponding
      values for sulfated gastrin were 7.5 +/- 0.5 pmol/l (range 0-20 pmol/l). Sulfated
      gastrin accounted for more than half of the gastrins in only 21% of normal
      subjects. There was a parallel rise and fall in sulfated and non-sulfated
      gastrins after a meal and after stimulation with adrenaline.

PMID- 6825309
TI  - Increased specificity of plasma glucagon radioimmunoassay by use of acetone
      extraction.
AB  - The specificity of glucagon determinations with two pancreatic-type glucagon
      antisera has been determined by means of gel permeation chromatography before and
      after treatment of human plasma with acetone and ethanol. Acetone precipitates
      the interfering high molecular mass substances apparent in the void volume and
      cross-reacting precursor fragments, while pancreatic glucagon is extracted to
      slightly more than 50%. Hence, acetone treatment is suggested as a suitable means
      of obtaining specific glucagon results in single samples. Ethanol also
      precipitates the high molecular mass substances, but partly extracts the
      precursor fragments in addition to the glucagon. Ethanol treatment is therefore
      suggested for chemical diagnosis of the glucagonoma syndrome in which the tumor
      often produces precursor fragments.

PMID- 6825310
TI  - A systematic study of nucleotide analysis of human erythrocytes using an anionic
      exchanger and HPLC.
AB  - A two-step procedure for rapid HPLC analysis of nucleotides from human
      erythrocytes is described. A strong anion exchanger Partisil-10 is used as column
      material. Elution of monophosphates requires about 12 min and the elution of di-
      and triphosphates 21 min. The elutions are performed separately and with
      different injections as such a procedure will save time otherwise used to re
      condition the columns. In addition to the three adenylates other nucleotides such
      as GTP, GDP, IMP and NAD can be recorded as isolated, well-defined peaks, which
      can be subject to quantitative analysis. The mean value of ATP concentration for
      12 healthy individuals was 1.55 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, about 25% higher than generally
      reported in the literature. Accurate estimates of ADP and AMP concentrations
      allowed calculation of mean values for the physiologically interesting ratios:
      adenylate energy charge (0.945 +/- 0.002) and equilibrium constant for adenylate
      kinase (1.205 +/- 0.053). GDP and GTP are present in concentrations that are
      about 4% of those for corresponding adenylates. The analysis of nucleotides in
      human erythrocytes is a useful way of studying erythrocyte preservation and
      investigating patients with hemolytic disorders.

PMID- 6825311
TI  - Unusual trihydroxylated bile acids in urine of patients with liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Urine from 20 male patients with liver cirrhosis was analyzed for bile acid
      constituents by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five
      unusual trihydroxy bile acids were found in the urine: norcholic acid in 18; 3
      alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid in 9; hyocholic acid in
      11; 1 beta, 3 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid in 12; and
      allocholic acid in 13 patients. The presence of unusual trihydroxy bile acids was
      unrelated to the clinical severity of cirrhosis. Norcholic acid was the major
      trihydroxy bile acid which was found in the urine.

PMID- 6825312
TI  - Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate determination by a sensitive micromethod in human blood,
      urine and tissues; its relation to cystathioninuria in neuroblastoma and biliary
      atresia.

PMID- 6825313
TI  - Fructosamine: a new approach to the estimation of serum glycosylprotein. An index
      of diabetic control.
AB  - The development of a novel manual method designed to measure serum
      glycosylprotein as an index of diabetic control is described. The method relies
      on the ability of ketoamines (fructosamines) to act as reducing agents in
      alkaline solution. Conditions are described for a simple colorimetric procedure
      which permits assay of both a synthetic fructosamine and purified albumin while
      severely limiting the contribution of interfering substances. Applied to whole
      sera, the measurement is linear with volume of serum assayed. It allows clear
      discrimination of normal and diabetic populations (p less than 0.001), and is
      significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose concentration (r = 0.72) and
      with a thiobarbituric acid procedure for measuring glycosylprotein-derived
      hydroxymethylfurfural (r = 0.58). The method is rapid (at least 12 samples per
      hour) and demands only simple equipment.

PMID- 6825314
TI  - CK isoenzymes and transaminases after coronary cardiography, cardiac surgery and
      non-cardiac thoracotomy.
AB  - The diagnosis of a heart infarct in the early postoperative period is often
      difficult. In the present study, the levels of serum CK, its isoenzymes (MM, MB
      and BB), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)
      were followed up after coronary arteriography (12 patients), cardiac surgery (23
      patients) and non-cardiac thoracotomy (28 patients). Elevation of MB was not
      detected after coronary arteriography, except in two patients, who had had even
      before the examination a mildly positive MB finding and electrocardiographic
      changes indicative of subendocardial infarction. After cardiac surgery the MB
      findings were positive in all but two patients, who had undergone aortic valve
      surgery. However, the average MB level was lower than in the 10 heart infarct
      patients who served as controls. After non-cardiac thoracotomy, six patients had
      a positive serum MB, but the value of MB was quite low as compared with values
      after cardiac surgery and nearly insignificant in terms of heart infarct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6825315
TI  - The need for a sufficient number of low level sera in comparisons of different
      serum vitamin B12 assays.
AB  - Eight radiochemical methods for the assay of vitamin B12 in serum were compared
      with the microbiological assay with Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 using 198
      individual sera of patients. There was a good agreement between the results of
      most samples with some kits and the microbiological assay. However, especially in
      the sera of vitamin B12-deficient patients large discrepancies between the
      results could occur. These variations were due to both the kits used and the
      performance of the assays in different laboratories. A sufficient number of non
      pooled sera of vitamin B12-deficient patients should be included in
      investigations to validate radiochemical methods.

PMID- 6825316
TI  - Glutaminase in human platelets.

PMID- 6825317
TI  - Creatinine determination in dried urine on filter paper.

PMID- 6825318
TI  - A simple radioactivity assay for measurement of methionine adenosyltransferase
      activity by aqueous chromatography.

PMID- 6825319
TI  - A modified partition affinity ligand assay (PALA) for direct reading of gamma
      labels without further separation or washing.

PMID- 6825320
TI  - Calculation of plasma ionised calcium from total calcium, proteins and pH:
      comparison with measured values.

PMID- 6825321
TI  - Constrained total shoulder arthroplasty. Long-term follow-up observations.
AB  - Constrained total shoulder arthroplasty is a salvage procedure for patients with
      disabling pain and a nonfunctioning rotator cuff mechanism. Considering the
      advanced pathologic process and severe symptoms of these patients, the results of
      pain relief are gratifying. Many of the patients have weak or absent deltoid
      muscles, and active overhead motion is not possible. A method of attaching the
      metal glenoid to the scapula has been designed to reduce the risk of loosening.
      However, constrained total shoulder arthroplasty does produce considerable stress
      on bony attachments. Careful patient selection and an excellent, carefully
      supervised postoperative rehabilitation program are mandatory for success. Before
      considering a constrained total joint arthroplasty, the surgeon should carefully
      assess the patient's needs and consider other less extensive shoulder
      reconstructions.

PMID- 6825322
TI  - Gross and functional anatomy of the shoulder.

PMID- 6825323
TI  - Painful athletic injuries of the shoulder.
AB  - Pain in the athlete's shoulder is likely to have a mechanical origin, because the
      athlete performs repetitive high-stress activity. Proper treatment is based on
      understanding the biomechanics and physiology of the tissues, as well as the
      demands of the patient's specific athletic activity. Correct rehabilitation is
      the key to successful conservative and surgical management. A return to previous
      activity depends on restoring the normal biomechanics, either through
      conservative management or surgery. Some of these problems are unsolved and
      remain fruitful areas for future research.

PMID- 6825324
TI  - Acromegalic arthropathy of the hip.
AB  - The changes in gross morphology of the femoral head, specimen radiograms, cut
      sections of the femoral heads, and histopathology of the synovium were examined
      in 11 surgical specimens from six acromegalic patients who were treated by total
      hip arthroplasty. The pathologic changes in six age- and sex-matched patients
      also undergoing 11 total hip arthroplasties for idiopathic degenerative joint
      disease were examined for comparison. The hip joint changes in acromegaly
      represent a peculiar arthropathy, which is characterized by prominent, proboscis
      like medial osteophytes, moderate chronic lymphoplasmacytic synovitis, an
      irregular pitting of the subchondral bone observed roentgenographically, and
      osteopenia. When compared with idiopathic degenerative joint disease, these
      changes are distinctive in extent, if not in quality. The pathophysiologic
      relationship between these entities remains obscure.

PMID- 6825325
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty with a new long-stem prosthesis. Two- to five-year follow
      up evaluation.

PMID- 6825326
TI  - Classification and treatment of dislocations of total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - A review of 39 dislocations of total hip arthroplasties revealed three causes:
      positional (Type I); soft tissue imbalance (Type II); and component malposition
      (Type III). Forty-one percent of hips had a single dislocation, and 59% had
      multiple dislocations. Reoperation was performed in 42%, with 28%, mostly Type
      III problems, requiring revision; all had had multiple dislocations. Forty
      percent of the dislocations resulted in complications that were primarily the
      result of bedrest for treatment. Based on the cause of dislocation, to reduce
      complication, component positions are determined by roentgenographic analysis.
      Positional dislocations (the patient assumes a position that exceeds the
      mechanical stability of the prosthesis) are treated by four to six weeks' use of
      the hip brace, which limits flexion and adduction. Soft tissue imbalance, most
      often a result of failure of fixation of the greater trochanter or an excessive
      femoral neck cut, can be treated initially by a brace. If recurrent dislocations
      occur, reattachment of the trochanter and/or revision to a long-neck prosthesis
      should be considered. Component position errors were successfully treated without
      revision only if a single acetabular error was present. If the acetabulum is
      malpositioned in two planes or severe retroversion of the femoral component is
      present, immediate revision is advisable.

PMID- 6825327
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head. An unusual cause of shoulder pain.
AB  - Idiopathic osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head is a rare cause of
      shoulder pain and immobility. If conservative management fails, surgical
      debridement and revascularization by drilling subchondral bone can lead to the
      restoration of a painless, functional joint.

PMID- 6825328
TI  - The untreated unstable hip in severe cerebral palsy.
AB  - The incidence of pain and other complications associated with the untreated
      spastic dislocated or subluxed hip was investigated in 80 institutionalized
      patients. The average patient age was 19 years, and the average length of follow
      up study was 12 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients had scoliosis, and 56%
      had significant pelvic obliquity. A dislocated hip predisposed to lower extremity
      fractures but did not present problems of pain, decubitus ulcers, or difficulties
      with perineal hygiene. The loss of sitting balance, scoliosis, and pelvic
      obliquity are correlated with the severity of neurologic involvement rather than
      with the mechanics of a dislocated hip.

PMID- 6825329
TI  - Accidental drill bit scoring of a total hip arthroplasty femoral component with
      subsequent fatigue fracture.
AB  - In the case of a 59-year-old man, failure of a total hip arthroplasty was
      associated with a latent fatigue fracture of the femoral component. The fatigue
      fracture was initiated by a drill bit score that created a significant stress
      concentration in the midlateral section of the femoral implant. The score
      occurred when wiring was used to reattach the greater trochanter after the
      femoral component was cemented. In any procedure requiring reattachment of the
      greater trochanter in the presence of an already cemented femoral component, the
      wiring should be extramedullary.

PMID- 6825330
TI  - Alignment in total knee arthroplasty. Correlated biomechanical and clinical
      observations.
AB  - The initial experience with the Freeman-Swanson (ICLH) total knee arthroplasty
      (1971-1975) led to changes of tibial component size, alignment, instruments, and
      surgical technique in 1975. Certain patients in this initial series, however,
      have shown excellent long-term (5 1/2-9 years) results. In patients with overall
      alignment between 1 degrees and 13 degrees valgus, the success rate was 89%. In
      patients with knees aligned between neutral and 8 degrees varus, the success rate
      was only 14%. This startling difference in long-term results was investigated by
      using eccentric loading tests to simulate varus and valgus malalignment. Knee
      arthroplasties failed in eccentric loading at very low loads. Failure by lift-off
      of the unloaded side occurred at 9%-18% and failure of bone due to compression on
      the loaded side occurred at 34%-51% of the load at failure under ideal uniform
      loading conditions. Thus, both the long-term clinical study and the laboratory
      analysis demonstrate the importance of proper overall alignment in total knee
      arthroplasty.

PMID- 6825331
TI  - Failed total knee arthroplasty. Revision and arthrodesis for infection and
      noninfectious complications.

PMID- 6825332
TI  - Kinesiologic measurements of functional performance before and after double
      compartment Marmor knee arthroplasty.

PMID- 6825333
TI  - Comparative study of the properties of the shoulder joint capsule with those of
      other joint capsules.
AB  - To compare the collagen structure of the shoulder joint with that of other
      joints, the collagen of shoulder, elbow, and hip joints was examined electron
      microscopically, electrophoretically, and by its response to mechanical stress.
      Collagen Types I, III, and V were common to joint capsules. Electron microscopy
      of shoulder and elbow joint capsules did not identify any structural difference.
      When subjected to a mechanical force, the shoulder joint showed a greater
      capacity to stretch than the elbow joint, and greater force was required to break
      the shoulder joint than the elbow joint.

PMID- 6825334
TI  - The effect of tibia-foot rotatory position on the anterior drawer test.
AB  - The effect of the position of the foot and tibia on the anteroposterior drawer
      test was quantified using a clinical testing device. Maximum laxity occurred at
      15 degrees of external rotation of the foot. Extreme rotation of the foot and
      tibia resulted in reductions of anteroposterior laxity of 63% for internal
      rotation and 50% for external rotation. The ratio of foot rotation to tibia
      rotation was approximately 2:1. Medial meniscectomy alone did not result in
      increased anteroposterior laxities when compared with normal knees. Medial
      meniscectomy with an unrepaired anterior cruciate ligament tear resulted in
      increased anteroposterior laxities at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and maximum
      external rotation of the foot.

PMID- 6825335
TI  - External fixation as a secondary procedure.
AB  - Twenty-two patients were treated by external skeletal fixation as a secondary
      procedure after failure of primary management with other modes of treatment.
      Fourteen of these cases were infected at presentation. The average duration from
      the time of injury to the application of external fixation was 17 months. Ninety
      five per cent of fractures united with this treatment, and there have been no
      recurrent infections, with a minimum follow-up evaluation of one year. Pin tract
      problems were frequent and consisted of drainage, with or without pin loosening.
      All patients allowed unrestricted weight-bearing experienced some form of pin
      problem, whereas only 12% of patients restricted to touch-down weight-bearing
      with crutches developed pin tract problems; none has had residual pin tract
      infections. External fixation is an effective secondary measure for injuries that
      have failed to unite by primary treatment. Use of external fixation requires
      close supervision of postoperative treatment and, especially, close attention to
      pin insertion and management.

PMID- 6825336
TI  - Early progressive kyphosis following compression fractures. Two case reports from
      a series of "stable" thoracolumbar compression fractures.
AB  - In an 18-year-old man and an 18-year-old woman, significant kyphotic deformity
      progressively developed in the course of the healing of apparently stable
      thoracic compression fractures. The common features were: (1) multiple adjacent
      fractures; (2) location in the thoracic spine; (3) associated thoracic injury;
      and (4) youth. The possibility of early progressive kyphotic deformity should be
      carefully monitored so that appropriate treatment can be instituted before the
      deformity becomes significant. Although both isolated fractures and multiple
      level fractures of the thoracolumbar spine occur predominantly between T12 and
      L2, there is a secondary area that is predisposed to compression fractures in
      sequence from T5 to T7.

PMID- 6825337
TI  - Extracts of human cancellous bone stimulate DNA synthesis in osteoprogenitor
      cells from fetal rats.

PMID- 6825338
TI  - The effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism in experimental
      disuse osteoporosis.

PMID- 6825339
TI  - The relationship of the periosteum to angular deformities of long bones.
      Experimental operations in rabbits.

PMID- 6825340
TI  - Rheumatologic aspects of painful conditions affecting the shoulder.
AB  - Patients with shoulder arthritis present to the orthopedic surgeon due to joint
      pain and loss of shoulder motion. A differential diagnosis is established, based
      on the history and physical examination and selected laboratory tests and
      roentgenograms. Synovial fluid analysis is often very helpful in the diagnosis of
      shoulder arthritis and critical for differential diagnosis of inflammatory,
      degenerative, and septic arthritis. Shoulder involvement in primary
      osteoarthritis is uncommon. The shoulder is rarely the initial joint involved in
      rheumatoid arthritis. Several uncommon conditions, e.g., amyloid arthropathy and
      reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, may present early and frequently in the
      form of shoulder pain. The results of treatment are determined by etiology of
      shoulder joint disease. Patients with shoulder involvement in rheumatoid
      arthritis generally respond to the basic management for rheumatoid arthritis.
      Physical therapy to improve the range of motion of the shoulder and anti
      inflammatory medications, including intra-articular corticosteroids, are helpful
      in most cases.

PMID- 6825341
TI  - Compressive deformations of the acetabulum during in vitro loading.

PMID- 6825342
TI  - Morphologic alterations of the subchondral bone in advanced degenerative
      arthritis.
AB  - A series of 535 femoral heads surgically excised at the time of total hip
      arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis were analyzed by gross photography,
      specimen roentgenograms, and whole-mount histologic sections. Limited
      regenerative capacity was apparent in the chondrous tufts in the exposed bone of
      the osteoarthritic joint surface. The mechanism for the formation of subchondral
      cysts was interpreted to be the proliferation of viable myxomatous cells within
      the bone marrow. Osseous remodeling adjacent to the cysts was secondary to
      expansion of the soft tissue contents of the early cysts and later
      vascularization with fibrosis in the older cysts. Stress fracturing was a focal
      feature secondary to the remodeling of live bone. Advanced degenerative arthritis
      demonstrated focal osteocytic necrosis in the exposed osseous surface. Bone
      necrosis was also observed when small segments of the surface were undermined by
      cysts. Finally, bone necrosis was occasionally observed as focal infarcts of the
      joint surface (2-6 mm). In all three instances, bone necrosis in degenerative
      arthritis appeared to be a secondary reaction, presumably related to local
      disruption of blood supply.

PMID- 6825343
TI  - The classic. Mechanism of shoulder movements and a plea for the recognition of
      "zero position" of glenohumeral joint.
AB  - 1. Locking of greater tuberosity against acromion never takes place in any
      position of abduction. 2. Rolling down movement of humeral head in glenoid
      inevitably takes place while lifting the arm either in flexed or in abducted
      position. 3. Forward shift of clavicle with the scapula at the sterno-clavicular
      joint is an important event during elevation of shoulder joint complex overhead.
      4. From theoretical static considerations an attempt has been made to show that
      properly harnessed biceps and triceps (long heads) may take the place of
      depressors of the head of the humerus. 5. Recognition of 'zero-position' of the
      gleno-humeral joint is advocated. 6. Perfect reduction of unimpacted fracture of
      humeral neck has been shown to be possible if it is carried out in this 'zero
      position'.

PMID- 6825344
TI  - Painful hematologic conditions affecting the shoulder.
AB  - Many patients have shoulder pain as a manifestation of the generalized
      hematologic disease or disorder. Therefore, the shoulder symptoms should respond
      to medical treatment of the underlying problem. Surgical treatment is required
      when there is extensive destruction of the humeral head. Osteonecrosis of the
      humeral head may be extensive enough to require prosthetic replacement. When
      there is intact glenoid cartilage, shoulder hemiarthroplasty can be successful.
      When there is extensive humeral head damage as well as glenoid damage, total
      joint arthroplasty is indicated. The patients, rather than roentgenograms, should
      be treated. The shoulder is a nonweight-bearing joint, and surgical treatment may
      be unnecessary and avoided if the patient has relatively little discomfort and
      reasonable function.

PMID- 6825345
TI  - Neurologic painful conditions affecting the shoulder.
AB  - Radiating pain accompanied by motor or sensory change, particularly below the
      elbow, strongly suggests a neurologic etiology of shoulder pain. The patient's
      description of the pain often is misleading because the shoulder joint has a
      movable fulcrum, which may be the site of a secondary irritant rather than a
      primary site. The pain may originate medially in the spinal cord or as far distal
      as the axillary border of the scapula. Precise identification usually requires
      myelography or discography in addition to a routine careful investigation.
      Included in this group are spinal cord tumors, extruded intervertebral discs,
      foraminal root compression syndromes, scalene and cervical rib syndromes, and
      various clavipectoral compression syndromes. The most confusing clinical picture
      results from nerve and vascular involvement, such as with cervical ribs, first
      rib abnormalities, or scalene muscle disturbances. Identification of specific
      characteristics of neural and vascular pain may help in the differential
      diagnosis of these lesions. Persistent neurologic deficit usually requires
      surgical treatment. Traumatic lesions of the plexus and individual nerves
      represent obvious causes and also may require surgical measures.

PMID- 6825346
TI  - Compressive, invasive referred pain to the shoulder.
AB  - The painful shoulder can be the presenting complaint of a wide variety of local,
      as well as systemic, problems. Compression of the brachial plexus or occlusion of
      the subclavian vessels caused by narrowing of the thoracic outlet is best
      diagnosed by a thorough history and physical examination, and by performing the
      appropriate test maneuvers. Patients who do not respond to an exercise program to
      strengthen the shoulder girdle may require surgical excision of the first rib to
      enlarge the thoracic outlet. Referred pain in the shoulder originating from the
      cervical spine or peripheral nerves can be determined by cervical spine
      roentgenograms and nerve conduction tests. Neoplasms and parenchymal disease of
      the lung, and infections of the pleural and subdiaphragmatic areas can refer pain
      to the shoulder through the phrenic nerve. For those patients with persistent
      shoulder pain and no discernible musculoskeletal abnormalities who do not respond
      to standard therapeutic measures, another source of the shoulder pain should be
      sought.

PMID- 6825348
TI  - Impingement lesions.

PMID- 6825347
TI  - Painful conditions affecting the shoulder.
AB  - Many painful conditions affect the shoulder. They can be divided into those
      extrinsic or intrinsic to the shoulder. The extrinsic conditions include
      disorders of the cervical spine and thoracic outlet, as well as postural
      conditions. Intrinsic lesions include acute and chronic calcific tendinitis,
      bicipital tenosynovitis, arthritis, and adhesive capsulitis. Each disorder has a
      characteristic clinical pathologic set of diagnostic features, arthrographic
      picture, and treatment requirements.

PMID- 6825350
TI  - Arthrodesis of the shoulder used in treating painful conditions.
AB  - By the time a patient's shoulder problem has reached the stage in which an
      arthrodesis is being considered, the patient usually is willing to accept the
      restraints of an arthrodesed shoulder. If there is a chance of relieving chronic
      pain and restoring some reasonable degree of function in the upper extremity,
      arthrodesis warrants consideration. However, failure to relieve pain and restore
      function may cause unhappiness. Because of recent advances in the surgical
      technique and the improved, more comfortable anatomic position of the arm at the
      side of the body, the patient is considering arthrodesis of the shoulder with
      much greater optimism. With the ability to reach the face and hair, the back and
      buttocks region, and the feet with ease, the patient with an arthrodesed shoulder
      is much happier, more comfortable, and less depressed.

PMID- 6825349
TI  - Rotator cuff tear. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Early surgical repair of rotator cuff tears with a partial anterior
      acromionectomy is recommended as a means of minimizing a progression of symptoms
      and findings. It was more important to achieve adequate tension in the cuff
      tissues than to obtain a water-tight closure. Even patients with old complete
      tears may obtain good results from reconstruction of the rotator cuff. However,
      merely closing a rotator cuff tear will not permit a good functional result if
      the ability of the muscles to contract adequately is lost forever. This group of
      patients rarely achieves full restoration of muscle strength in their operated
      shoulders, primarily due to muscle atrophy. In shoulders previously operated on,
      functional results were not as good as in those cases operated on for the first
      time. Avoidance of interposed soft tissue grafts and restoration of a direct
      continuity of viable rotator cuff tissue to its bony insertion are recommended
      whenever possible, to achieve the optimum functional result. In those patients
      with arthritis of the glenohumeral joint or permanent long-standing nonfunctional
      rotator cuff muscle, the results of reconstruction were poor. A carefully
      supervised postoperative rehabilitation program is essential for optimum results.

PMID- 6825351
TI  - Unconstrained total shoulder prostheses.

PMID- 6825353
TI  - Renography in diagnosis and follow-up of renal vein thrombosis.
AB  - The case of a patient in whom the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis was
      supported by renographic and scintigraphic patterns that disappeared several days
      after the initiation of heparin therapy is reported. This observation suggests
      that renal investigation with radionuclides can be an important aid in the
      diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute renal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 6825352
TI  - Diagnosis of aseptic necrosis of the talus by bone scintigraphy. Case report.
AB  - Bone scintigraphy is a very useful technique for detection of aseptic necrosis.
      We have used this diagnostic tool in a patient to detect aseptic necrosis of the
      talus, a common complication stemming from foot injuries. The scintigraphic
      pattern is rather typical and antedates any other radiographic changes. This
      technique appears to be very useful for diagnosis and follow-up of aseptic
      necrosis occurring during talar injuries.

PMID- 6825354
TI  - Cholescintigraphic diagnosis of gallbladder rupture.

PMID- 6825355
TI  - Comparison of biokinetics and biliary imaging parameters of four Tc-99m
      iminodiacetic acid derivatives in normal subjects.
AB  - The biokinetics (blood clearance, urinary excretion, hepatic peak time, uptake,
      and excretion t-1/2) and the imaging parameters (the time of appearance of the
      common bile duct, gallbladder, and duodenum) were determined in 34 normal
      subjects using Tc-99m diethyl (EIDA), Tc-99m dimethyl (HIDA), Tc-99m
      paraisopropyl (PIPIDA), and Tc-99m parabutyl (PBIDA) iminodiacetic acid
      derivatives. The blood and hepatic clearance of the four agents were
      significantly different (P less than 0.05) from each other. The 24-hour urinary
      excretion of PBIDA was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the urinary
      excretion of the other three agents. There was no difference among the four
      agents in the time of appearance of the gallbladder and duodenum. The time of
      appearance of the common bile duct was significantly delayed with PBIDA. The
      maximum intensity of the common bile duct usually occurred between 20 to 40
      minutes with all four agents. However, gallbladder intensity continued to
      increase up to 3 hours. It is concluded that in the presence of normal liver
      function, all four Tc-99m IDA agents show definite differences in biokinetics but
      these differences do not have a major effect on biliary imaging parameters. If
      imaging alone is the primary goal, the selection of any one of the four agents
      will meet the clinican's need satisfactorily.

PMID- 6825356
TI  - Ascites causing a false-positive radionuclide liver image.
AB  - False-positive radionuclide liver images can occur due to impingement on the
      liver by adjacent normal anatomic structures or adjacent pathologic masses or
      fluid collections. A patient with ascites in the anterior subphrenic space had an
      apparent "cold" lesion in the left lobe of the liver. Ultrasonography
      demonstrated a normal left lobe and localized the fluid collection.

PMID- 6825357
TI  - Is partial thyroidectomy definitive treatment for Plummer's disease (autonomous
      goiter)?
AB  - Plummer's disease is a thyroid disorder in which both autonomously functioning
      and normal tissue is present in the gland. Surgery and I-131 therapy are
      generally regarded as equally effective for definitive treatment. However, since
      progression of the disease is very slow, postoperative recurrences should become
      evident only after many years. We reexamined 87 patients thyroidectomized for
      Plummer's disease one to 15 (average 7.1) years before the present study. Studies
      included clinical examination, scintigraphy, and a TRH test. No patient was
      overly hyperthyroid; one had biochemical hyperthyroidism and another had
      mechanical complaints. Localized autonomous function was considered present in 18
      patients (21%); the TRH test result was abnormal in 10 of these. Postoperative
      autonomy was found more frequently in males. The scans suggested residual rather
      than recurrent autonomy in nearly all cases. It is concluded that the presence of
      residual autonomously functioning thyroid tissue after surgery for Plummer's
      disease is common and recurrent hyperthyroidism may eventually develop in some of
      the patients. This knowledge may in some cases turn the scale towards I-131
      treatment.

PMID- 6825358
TI  - Unilateral hydrothorax complicating peritoneal dialysis. Use of radionuclide
      imaging.

PMID- 6825359
TI  - Incidental findings on a single Tc-99m PIPIDA scan. Horseshoe kidney and
      gastrojejunostomy reflux.

PMID- 6825360
TI  - An approach to psychiatric referrals in pediatric patients. Psychosomatic
      complaints.
AB  - Psychiatric referral is an important aspect of clinical pediatric practice. This
      paper discusses referral to a family-oriented psychiatrist of difficult families
      with children who have an acute or chronic psychosomatic complaint. It is the
      responsibility of primary care physicians to develop facility in making
      psychiatric referrals. In this way the physician will be equipped to deal
      effectively with cases requiring attention beyond his time and expertise, as well
      as cases that he will manage alone. The paper considers five decision-points
      relevant for pediatricians making effective referrals of children with somatic
      complaints. (1) The pediatrician decides whether to conduct the evaluation on an
      outpatient or inpatient basis. In either case the work-up should be completed
      rapidly. A diagnostic hospitalization, whereby the parents agree to accept the
      results of a clearly defined evaluation as definitive, may be used with inpatient
      evaluations. The proposal of such a diagnostic hospitalization is considered. (2)
      After the medical evaluation is completed, the pediatrician decides whether to
      manage the case alone or to make a psychiatric referral. (3) A family conference
      can be used to initiate pediatric management or to make a psychiatric referral. A
      joint meeting, with both pediatrician and psychiatrist present, may be a crucial
      part of the management of difficult psychosomatic cases. The four stages of a
      typical joint meeting are described. (4) The utility of giving indirect rather
      than direct explanations of the meaning of a somatic symptom is described. By
      scapegoating the symptom rather than either the child or the parents, indirect
      explanations are often less threatening and more acceptable to the family. (5)
      Similarly, psychiatric involvement is often best proposed by recommending
      evaluation rather than treatment, since evaluation is less binding and takes into
      account the natural reluctance of many families to see the psychiatrist. After
      the referral has been made, ongoing contact between psychiatrist and pediatrician
      is important.

PMID- 6825361
TI  - Use of a seminar as an aid in helping interns care for dying children and their
      families.
AB  - An annual seminar held by the University of Colorado, Department of Pediatrics,
      is designed to assist interns to cope more effectively with the emotional strains
      of caring for dying patients and their families. In the seminar, interns are
      randomly divided into four small groups consisting of six interns, a chief
      resident, two pediatric faculty members, and a nurse or social worker from an
      intensive care unit. This paper reviews the resident evaluations of the seminar,
      as well as the results of a questionnaire which explored attitude formation
      toward death. Interns felt that the opportunity to discuss death and dying early
      in their training program helped them gain an understanding of their own feelings
      about death, which enabled them to cope better with the stress involved in caring
      for dying children. Additional benefits from the seminar included more effective
      interpersonal communication, the establishment of deeper and more meaningful
      friendships, and a stronger esprit de corps.

PMID- 6825362
TI  - Thrombocytosis in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
AB  - The clinical and laboratory features of acute Henoch-Schonlein purpura in 18
      patients are presented. Thrombocytosis was noted in 67 per cent of the patients
      and was significantly associated with the presence of abdominal pain and
      gastrointestinal bleeding. We found no correlation between increased serum IgA
      concentrations or elevated sedimentation rates and any of the clinical features
      of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 6825363
TI  - Lidocaine toxicity from topical mucosal application. With a review of the
      clinical pharmacology of lidocaine.
AB  - A case is reported of an infant who experienced seizures while being treated with
      a topical lidocaine 2% solution (Xylocaine 2% Viscous) for teething. The
      pharmacology of lidocaine is reviewed to alert physicians to the potential
      dangers of topical mucosal application of these preparations.

PMID- 6825364
TI  - Pityriasis rosea in children. A review.
AB  - Pityriasis rosea is a common disorder of unknown etiology that may simulate a
      number of other dermatologic entities. Secondary syphilis should always be ruled
      out, particularly in adolescents. Pruritus occurs more frequently than is
      generally appreciated. The herald patch may not always be present. Secondary
      lesions occasionally occur distal to the elbows and knees and on the face. Over
      the more proximal parts of the body the secondary lesions will characteristically
      align themselves with the long axis following the skin lines of cleavage. The
      natural course is that of spontaneous resolution within 6 to 8 weeks. Sequelae
      are rare and usually medically insignificant. Management with oral antipruritics
      and/or topical steroids may be necessary to relieve the itching.

PMID- 6825365
TI  - Kerosene heaters--a new burn threat to children.

PMID- 6825366
TI  - Effect of long-term administration of sodium benzoate to a patient with partial
      ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency.
AB  - An 8-year-old girl with partial ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency was
      treated with sodium benzoate (200 mg/kg/day) for 13 months. Before administration
      of sodium benzoate, her protein intake was reduced to 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day and her
      caloric intake fluctuated. Hyperammonemic attacks were frequently observed in
      winter. After the start of administration of sodium benzoate, the severity and
      frequency of these attacks decreased, although her protein intake was increased
      to 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg/day. No adverse effect of sodium benzoate were detected by
      clinical and laboratory examinations. It is concluded that long-term oral
      administration of sodium benzoate was effective in reducing the frequency and
      severity of hyperammonemic attacks in this patient. Sodium benzoate therapy in
      combination with dietary manipulation may improve the growth and development of
      these patients by allowing reduced dietary protein restriction.

PMID- 6825367
TI  - Inflammatory constriction following complete pericardiectomy in tuberculous
      constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - A 13-year-old boy with active tuberculous constrictive pericarditis underwent
      complete pericardiectomy together with antituberculous therapy and a short course
      of steroids. Six weeks following the surgery, he was seen with clinical and
      hemodynamic findings of recurrent pericardial constriction, presumably due to an
      inflammatory collection around the heart. Symptoms gradually resolved within six
      months with resumption of steroid therapy. Repeat hemodynamic study showed normal
      hemodynamics. The case demonstrates the production of cardiac constriction by
      nonpericardial inflammatory tissue and the possible benefits of steroid therapy
      in the treatment of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 6825368
TI  - Jejunal atresia associated with Cafergot ingestion during pregnancy.
AB  - Fetal vascular accidents have been suggested as one cause for jejunal atresia due
      to in utero interruption of the superior mesenteric arterial supply to the
      intestines. Experimental studies support this hypothesis, and ergotamine has been
      shown to be a teratogen in experimental animals as a consequence of its
      vasoconstrictive action. We report the occurrence of intrauterine growth
      retardation and jejunal atresia in an offspring of a woman who also experienced
      four spontaneous abortions. During each of six pregnancies, the mother had taken
      as many as eight Cafergot tablets daily. We raise the hypothesis that Cafergot (1
      mg ergotamine tartrate and 100 mg caffeine) might represent a vascular disruptive
      teratogenic agent during pregnancy. This hypothesis is supported by the clinical
      association of nonduodenal intestinal atresia with other defects that have a
      disruptive vascular etiology.

PMID- 6825369
TI  - Cholelithiasis in a 9-year-old girl presenting with abdominal pain.

PMID- 6825370
TI  - Nondyslexic children with combined writing and arithmetic learning disabilities.
AB  - A common presenting problem of children in pediatric practice is the
      constellation of symptoms involving difficulty in completing assignments, trouble
      with written work, and organizational problems. Typically, these children do not
      have difficulty with reading but show problems with academic achievement. We have
      recently studied 29 children, aged 7 to 13, referred for learning problems. They
      were not dyslexic, that is their reading abilities were normal, but they had
      significant difficulty with written tests and assignments and problems with
      arithmetic. In addition to difficulty with eye-hand coordination as measured by a
      test of visual motor integration, these children showed poor performance on short
      term memory tasks when compared with children who do not have writing or
      arithmetic problems. Suggested treatments include the use of tape recorders,
      typewriters, and calculators to help compensate for the writing and short-term
      memory difficulties associated with these learning problems. The pediatrician,
      acting as child advocate, can exert influence within the traditional school
      system to gain acceptance for use of learning aids by children with a
      developmental output disability.

PMID- 6825371
TI  - Age of walking in the cognitively impaired.
AB  - Age levels for independent walking were compared for groups of children with
      varying degrees of intellectual impairment, but without other neurologic
      handicaps. All walked independently, save for 13.5 per cent of the profoundly
      retarded. Although mental retardation was associated with a delay in walking,
      subgroups existed at all levels that walked at a normal age. This suggests that
      the cognitive level is not the sole determinant for the achievement of this
      milestone.

PMID- 6825373
TI  - Children's assent for participation in pediatric research protocols. Assessing
      national practice.
AB  - A survey instrument was used to gather and evaluate data from medical schools and
      children's hospitals concerning prevailing national practice on the issue of
      whether pediatric researchers should be required to obtain informed assent from a
      minor subject, in addition to parental consent, as a precondition to the
      participation of the minor in the research protocol. Implications are drawn from
      the survey results.

PMID- 6825374
TI  - The Winnecott "set situation". A useful tool for the pediatrician.
AB  - D.W. Winnecott devised a short, simple test which he used to evaluate normal
      infants. In this study, we compared 9-month-old infants' behaviors elicited
      during the Winnecott Test (WSS), both with historical data and with their
      behavior during a structured separation from their mothers. We found significant
      correlations between the WSS, the structured separation, and historical data.
      This simple test can provide the practitioner with invaluable information
      regarding the infant, his temperamental style, and his relationship with others.

PMID- 6825372
TI  - A pediatric approach to visual handicap.
AB  - When dealing with a visually handicapped child, the pediatrician's responsibility
      is considerable. He or she plays a key role in establishing the pathologic
      diagnosis and in coordinating the subsequent medical therapy and genetic
      counseling if required. These responsibilities also include providing emotional
      support to the family, and advice regarding the various medical, developmental,
      and educational decisions that the family will face in the future. Basic
      knowledge regarding the effects of visual deprivation on the development of the
      child, and the use of appropriate compensatory stimuli utilizing the other
      sensory modalities, will be of great value as the pediatrician accompanies the
      patient through the trials that await him or her and the family.

PMID- 6825376
TI  - The telephone in pediatric medicine. A review.
AB  - From a review of numerous studies and reports of management of pediatric illness
      by telephone, it is concluded that innovative methods of teaching effective
      diagnosis and management by telephone still need to be explored. More research
      should be done on patient outcomes to assess the adequacy of the initial decision
      making process, rather than relying solely on the number of questions asked. This
      will necessitate studies using actual patient telephone vignettes rather than
      simulated ones. Finally, research needs to be done on the efficacy of the
      "telephone hour" used by many physicians to manage their day more efficiently.
      Such studies could compare patient outcome and parent and physician satisfaction,
      in practices where the "telephone hour" is standard, to those practices where
      patient calls are managed as they occur.

PMID- 6825377
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac tumors in symptomatic tuberous sclerosis
      patients.

PMID- 6825379
TI  - Umbilical artery catheterization.

PMID- 6825378
TI  - A combined bone marrow and spinal fluid aspiration technique using disposable
      spinal needles.

PMID- 6825375
TI  - The prenatal pediatric visit revisited.
AB  - The potential value of prenatal interviews with pediatricians was explored
      through interviews with 20 low-income women in their last trimester of pregnancy.
      Major areas of attention included prenatal concerns, psychosocial assessment, and
      anticipatory guidance. Important issues of relevance to pediatric care emerged,
      including gaps of parental knowledge, lack of financial and emotional support,
      and anxieties about the infant. Prenatal pediatric visits also served to
      encourage the involvement of fathers in pediatric care and to establish an
      ongoing professional relationship with the pediatrician. In health care settings
      where comprehensive, coordinated care is often lacking--such as teaching
      hospitals or county clinics--pediatric providers must take the initiative if
      families are to be reached prenatally.

PMID- 6825380
TI  - Unusual presentation of medulloblastoma in infancy.

PMID- 6825382
TI  - Defined diets.

PMID- 6825381
TI  - Immune thrombocytopenia associated with tuberculosis.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection developed
      concurrently in a mother and son. Antiplatelet antibodies were demonstrated in
      the serum of both patients. It is suggested that this and possibly other
      hematologic complications associated with tuberculosis are immune mediated.

PMID- 6825383
TI  - Support groups for parents of children with heart disease--boon or bane?

PMID- 6825384
TI  - A comparison of drug product information in four national compendia.
AB  - Four widely used compendia of prescribing information have been received to
      examine the way in which some drug companies recommend uses for several anti
      inflammatory products and describe the major dangers in their use. The
      Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) cites the greatest absolute number of
      indications for steroids with systemic action, as well as the greatest number of
      contraindications, warnings and precautions, and adverse effects. The total
      number of precautions appearing in the PDR is three times the mean for the other
      compendia, and the number of adverse effects is four times the mean of the
      others. Together, these other compendia contain 70.5% of the number of words in
      the PDR. The PDR contains statements that are strongly directive for the
      physician and that do not appear in the other compendia. Regulatory and social
      differences may at least partially explain these discrepancies.

PMID- 6825385
TI  - Atenolol interaction with aspirin, allopurinol, and ampicillin.
AB  - Atenolol kinetics were investigated in six healthy subjects after 100 mg orally,
      as monotherapy a 6-day treatment began 48 hr later. After a therapy-free interval
      of 4 wk, the same subjects received the same dose of atenolol with 1 gm
      ampicillin, 500 mg aspirin, and with 300 mg allopurinol. Allopurinol and aspirin
      did not substantially alter the kinetics of atenolol. After a single oral dose of
      100 mg atenolol combined with 1 gm ampicillin, the bioavailability of atenolol
      was reduced to 36 +/- 5% compared to 60 +/- 8% after monotherapy. During long
      term treatment with atenolol and ampicillin the bioavailability of atenolol fell
      to 24% (P less than 0.01). Mean peak plasma levels were lowered from 511 +/- 59
      ng/ml on monotherapy to 344 +/- 33 ng/ml after the combination with ampicillin.
      The area under the plasma level-time curve, mean steady-state concentration, and
      urinary recovery were reduced, also. Twelve hours after 100 mg atenolol and 1 gm
      ampicillin, exercise tachycardia was significantly higher than after atenolol
      alone. During the 4-wk treatment in six hypertensive patients blood pressure
      levels of those on atenolol alone were not different from those on the
      combination therapy with ampicillin.

PMID- 6825386
TI  - Chloramphenicol serum concentration falls during chloramphenicol succinate
      dosing.
AB  - Chloramphenicol succinate and chloramphenicol kinetics were examined on two
      occasions at steady state, separated by 2 to 17 days, in 10 pediatric patients on
      the same intravenous dose of chloramphenicol succinate. The steady-state peak
      serum concentration of chloramphenicol succinate fell from an average of 77.1
      micrograms/ml during the first study to 42.2 micrograms/ml during the second. The
      steady-state peak serum concentration of chloramphenicol also decreased from an
      average of 27.8 micrograms/ml to 24.9 micrograms/ml. There was a marked decrease
      in the steady-state trough serum concentration of chloramphenicol, which averaged
      8.4 micrograms/ml during the first and 5.3 micrograms/ml at the time of the
      second study. Mean area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) of
      chloramphenicol succinate decreased from 59.7 micrograms . hr/ml to 24.0
      micrograms . hr/ml. The AUC of chloramphenicol averaged 105.7 micrograms . hr/ml
      at the time of the first and decreased to 79.5 micrograms . hr/ml during the
      second study. Mean percent decrease in the AUC of chloramphenicol was about 28%
      and occurred most substantially in patients with high AUCs during the first
      study. Mean elimination chloramphenicol half-life was 3.0 hr during the first
      study and fell to 2.3 hr at the time of the second study. Our data indicate that
      chloramphenicol serum concentration should be monitored frequently, especially in
      patients not responsive to a set dose.

PMID- 6825387
TI  - Effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and ascorbic acid on misonidazole
      elimination.
AB  - The kinetics of an oral dose (1.0 gm/m2) of the 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer
      misonidazole were studied in three groups of six healthy subjects before and
      after a 1-wk course of phenytoin, phenobarbital, or ascorbic acid. Phenytoin and
      phenobarbital decreased mean misonidazole half-life by 27% and 23% and the
      decrease was associated with the respective increases in mean clearance of 42%
      and 31%. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the metabolite O
      desmethylmisonidazole increased correspondingly. Volume of distribution of
      misonidazole was unchanged. After treatment with ascorbic acid there was a very
      small increase in the mean clearance of misonidazole, but there was no
      significant change in other kinetic parameters. Induction by phenytoin and
      phenobarbital of the oxidative metabolism of misonidazole is the most likely
      mechanism responsible. Deliberate induction of a patient's metabolism may help to
      reduce the neurotoxicity associated with the use of the drug. The efficacy of the
      radiosensitizing action of the drug is unlikely to be compromised under these
      conditions since peak plasma concentrations of misonidazole were not affected by
      treatment with either phenytoin or phenobarbital. The potentiation of the
      cytotoxic effects of misonidazole by ascorbic acid is unlikely to be related to a
      direct effect on the oxidative metabolism of misonidazole.

PMID- 6825388
TI  - Imipramine metabolites in blood of patients during therapy and after overdose.
AB  - Plasma or serum concentrations of imipramine and five of its nonconjugated
      metabolites (desipramine, 2-OH-imipramine, 2-OH-desipramine, imipramine-N-oxide,
      and didesipramine) were followed in three cases of imipramine overdose and during
      steady state in 24 patients on continuous imipramine treatment. In the overdose
      cases the imipramine and desipramine concentrations declined monoexponentially
      with t 1/2s of 12 to 21 and 31 to 37 hr. The 2-OH-imipramine and 2-OH-desipramine
      levels were lower and declined in parallel with their corresponding parent
      compounds. In the patients on continuous imipramine treatment, the steady-state
      levels of 2-OH-imipramine and 2-OH-desipramine were very low or immeasurable
      (less than 15 nmol/l) in five patients. In most patients (n = 18) the
      hydroxymetabolite levels were much higher with 2-OH-imipramine/imipramine ratios
      of 0.09 to 0.45 and 2-OH-desipramine/desipramine ratios of 0.36 to 0.86. In one
      patient there were particularly high ratios (2-OH-imipramine/imipramine, 0.85; 2
      OH-desipramine/desipramine, 1.30). The patients with very low hydroxymetabolite
      levels had considerably higher desipramine levels than the others, indicating
      that the low metabolite levels were due to poor hydroxylation. In one of these
      poor hydroxylators a desipramine t 1/2 of about 120 hr was estimated after
      imipramine discontinuation. With increased imipramine dose the 2-OH-imipramine
      levels tended to rise little or not at all. Imipramine-N-oxide could only be
      detected in the overdose cases during the first 6 to 12 hr and didesipramine was
      generally present only when the desipramine levels were above 200 nmol/l.

PMID- 6825390
TI  - Amitriptyline disposition in young and elderly normal men.
AB  - The disposition of a single parenteral or single oral dose of amitriptyline was
      followed in seven young (mean age 22 yr, range 21 to 23) and five elderly (mean
      age 71 yr, range 62 to 81) healthy men. The mean systemic clearance did not
      change with age (10.8 +/- 2.1 ml/min/kg in elderly and 12.5 +/- 2.3 ml/min/kg in
      young subjects). Mean t 1/2 was longer in the older (21.7 +/- 2.9 hr) than in the
      younger group (16.2 +/- 6.1 hr) as a result of an increase in the volume of
      distribution (17.1 +/- 2.4 and 14.1 +/- 2.0 l/kg). The bioavailability and the
      fraction of the drug bound to plasma proteins did not change with age. Single
      doses of amitriptyline were not well tolerated clinically by either elderly or
      young subjects, which confirms the need for a gradual buildup in the therapeutic
      regimen and for close clinical surveillance of elderly depressed patients treated
      with amitriptyline.

PMID- 6825389
TI  - Polymorphic N-acetylation of a caffeine metabolite.
AB  - In the course of investigations into variability in the metabolism of caffeine in
      human populations, urinary levels of 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil
      (AFMU), a newly discovered ring-opened metabolite of caffeine, were found to be
      both bimodally distributed and interethnically variable in samples (Caucasian: n
      = 42; Oriental: n = 26) from the Toronto population. To test the premise that the
      polymorphic N-acetyltransferase enzyme (E.C.2.3.1.5) could be responsible for the
      production of AFMU, 20 of the subjects were phenotyped for acetylator status
      using sulfamethazine (SMZ). Concordance for all subjects between AFMU production
      and SMZ acetylation strongly suggests that the acetylation polymorphism is
      involved in the formation of AFMU in man.

PMID- 6825391
TI  - Aspirin kinetics and platelet aggregation in man.
AB  - Our aims were (1) to determine the effect of six commercially available aspirin
      (ASA) preparations on in vitro platelet aggregation, and (2) to relate changes in
      platelet function to ASA kinetics. Each of six subjects took a single dose of one
      of the following preparations--600 mg Asproclear, 600 mg Bufferin, 600 mg Bi
      prin, 600 mg compressed ASA, 650 mg Ecotrin, or 650 mg S.R.A.--in random order
      every 3 wk. Venous blood was drawn before and at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hr after ASA
      dosage to measure platelet aggregation in response to collagen and adenosine
      diphosphate and, at more frequent intervals, to characterize ASA kinetics.
      Asproclear, Bufferin, Bi-prin, and compressed ASA yielded peak plasma ASA levels
      of 28 to 56 mumol/l (5 to 10 mg/l) within 15 to 60 min and peak salicylic acid
      (SA) levels of 72 to 290 mumol/l (10 to 40 mg/l) within 2 hr. Ecotrin and S.R.A.
      yielded plasma SA levels of 14 to 87 mumol/l (2-12 mg/l) within 4 to 24 hr and no
      measurable ASA at any time after dosing. Platelet aggregation was inhibited to an
      equal extent by all preparations. The time course for this inhibition was the
      same for all preparations but Ecotrin (which led to a more delayed effect). There
      was significant recovery of collagen-induced platelet aggregation at 24 hr with
      all preparations but Ecotrin. With Ecotrin and S.R.A. there was inhibition of
      platelet aggregation in the absence of measurable circulating ASA. We postulate
      that this was due to acetylation of cyclooxygenase in the portal circulation and
      that inhibition of peripheral cyclooxygenase may be spared.

PMID- 6825392
TI  - Cigarette smoking and drug metabolism.
AB  - Cigarette smoking appeared to induce total body drug metabolism, as indicated by
      decreased antipyrine t 1/2 and increased antipyrine clearance. The in vitro
      parameters of liver drug metabolism used (benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and
      cytochrome P-450 levels), however, were not changed. This implicates induction of
      drug metabolism in some other organ(s). Serum thiocyanate levels were higher in
      smokers than in exsmokers and nonsmokers. There was a certain amount of overlap
      between these groups; whether this reflects unreliability of smoking anamnesis or
      unspecificity of thiocyanate assay in discriminating between smokers and
      nonsmokers is not known. There was no significant correlation between serum
      thiocyanate and the other parameters studied.

PMID- 6825393
TI  - Comparative pharmacogenetics of sparteine and debrisoquine.
AB  - Capacities to oxidize sparteine and debrisoquine in healthy Canadian Caucasians
      were compared. The Spearman rank correlation between the conventional urinary
      metabolic ratios (drug/metabolite) was rs = 0.79 (P less than 0.001), but the
      sparteine metabolic ratio appears to be the more discriminating probe to
      distinguish metabolizers and nonmetabolizers. The urinary amount of oxidized
      sparteine alone may allow reliable detection of nonmetabolizers. From a total of
      17 poor metabolizers observed in this study and in studies in Germany and Sweden,
      all were deficient in metabolizing capacity for both sparteine and debrisoquine.

PMID- 6825395
TI  - Do plain films of the chest and abdomen have a role in the diagnosis of acute
      pancreatitis?
AB  - Radiographs taken on the day of admission on 52 patients with acute pancreatitis
      have been compared with similar radiographs of 30 patients with acute
      cholecystitis and 22 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer. Two radiologists,
      who were unaware of the clinical features, looked specifically for the presence
      of 30 radiological signs. The only abdominal signs seen more frequently in acute
      pancreatitis were fluid levels in the stomach and duodenum, usually associated
      with dilatation. Duodenal abnormalities were seen in 42% of patients with acute
      pancreatitis and 21% of the controls (P less than 0.05) while gastric dilatation
      with a fluid level was seen in 29% of cases of acute pancreatitis compared with
      12% of controls (P less than 0.05). Seventy per cent of the patients with severe
      acute pancreatitis had an abnormal chest radiograph on admission compared with
      18% of those with mild disease. Left pleural effusion was the most common
      abnormality in severe pancreatitis (43%) and was seen significantly more often
      than in mild pancreatitis (P less than 0.01) and the control group (P less than
      0.05). Therefore, consideration of the admission chest radiograph may help at an
      early stage to distinguish patients with severe pancreatitis from those with mild
      disease.

PMID- 6825397
TI  - Fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas: the result of direct oropharyngeal
      trauma.
AB  - Isolated anterior arch atlantal fracture is a rare entity. Two cases of fracture
      of the atlas following direct oropharyngeal trauma are presented. The importance
      of careful upper cervical spine evaluation under these circumstances is
      emphasised, especially if a potential disaster following anaesthetic intubation
      or surgical head manipulation is to be avoided. Computed tomographic scanning is
      useful not only to demonstrate the site of fracture but also for visualisation of
      the spinal canal, especially to exclude intracanalicular bony fragments. The risk
      of further trauma is minimised due to the ease of patient positioning.

PMID- 6825394
TI  - The double-contrast barium meal: a correlation with endoscopy.
AB  - The radiological and endoscopic findings are described in 214 patients with 252
      lesions in whom endoscopy had been requested by a radiologist either to confirm
      or clarify a radiological opinion. There was radiological and endoscopic
      agreement about the presence or absence of oesophagitis in 73% of patients, but
      there was agreement about the presence or absence of duodenitis in only 48%.
      There were only two cases of early gastric cancer, and no early gastric cancers
      were found in a group of 43 patients on whom endoscopy had been specifically
      requested because of an abnormal gastric mucosal pattern. Endoscopy failed to
      detect 13% of gastric ulcers at the initial endoscopic examination.

PMID- 6825396
TI  - Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint: a simple technique.
AB  - The problem of the patient with the painful clicking temporomandibular joint is
      one of the most difficult to manage in oral surgical practice. Traditional
      methods of treatment have been largely empirical and have included the use of
      analgesics, muscle exercises, psychotherapy, condylar osteotomy and tooth
      grinding. Temporomandibular joint arthrography offers a method of accurately
      assessing internal derangements of the joint in order to select those patients
      for whom surgical reconstruction is appropriate.

PMID- 6825398
TI  - A comparison of conventional radiographic imaging and computed tomography in
      malignant disease of the paranasal sinuses and the post-nasal space.

PMID- 6825399
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the posterior fossa: 50 cases.
AB  - Fifty patients with clinical diagnoses of disease within the posterior fossa were
      examined with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanner and the results were
      compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT). A variety of NMR pulse sequences
      reflecting proton density, T1, T2 and blood flow were used and imaging was
      performed in transverse coronal and sagittal planes. In many cases NMR provided
      diagnostic information unavailable from CT scans. This included recognition of
      lesions not seen with CT in infarction and multiple sclerosis, as well as more
      precise definition of mass effects, oedema and anatomical relationships in other
      diseases. Extrinsic and intrinsic tumours were readily distinguished, as were
      brain-stem and cerebellar tumours. Arnold-Chiari malformations were demonstrated
      with sagittal scans and cerebellar atrophy was identified. A patient treated with
      radiotherapy displayed more extensive changes in the surrounding brain with NMR
      than with CT. Evidence of occlusion or reduced flow was found in two cases with
      vertebro-basilar disease. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery was also
      demonstrated. Computed tomography was superior to NMR in demonstrating
      calcification and bone erosion. In four of 14 tumours studied, contrast-enhanced
      CT demonstrated the margin between tumour and surrounding oedema or brain better
      than NMR. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a versatile, non-invasive
      technique capable of demonstrating a wide spectrum of disease within the
      posterior fossa.

PMID- 6825401
TI  - Microcalcification and its relationship to cancer of the breast: experience in a
      screening clinic.
AB  - The mammograms and specimen radiographs of 45 women in whom the presence of
      microcalcification played a major part in the decision to biopsy, were studied to
      determine possible distinguishing features. A mammographic lesion of 150 mm2 or
      less with an irregular density and five or more calcific particles, especially if
      palpable, was very likely to be an invasive carcinoma. With improved resolution,
      it should become possible to distinguish those calcifications covering 150 mm2 or
      less in the mammograms which are associated with parenchymal structures and those
      that are associated with stromal elements. Features that may potentially
      distinguish some benign parenchymal calcifications and those parenchymal
      calcifications associated with non-invasive malignancy are described. There will
      probably remain a few benign parenchymal associated calcifications which are
      identical to the calcifications associated with non-invasive cancer. Implications
      for improvement in technique are considered.

PMID- 6825400
TI  - Abdominal fat assessed by computed tomography: sex difference in distribution.
AB  - Abdominal fat distribution has been compared in 25 men and 25 women by computed
      tomography (CT) at the level of the umbilicus. Men have significantly more fat
      within the abdominal cavity. Women have similar total fat, but store a greater
      proportion of it in their subcutaneous tissues. For this reason, abdominal CT may
      prove to be more accurate in males than in females.

PMID- 6825402
TI  - Renal papillary necrosis in haemophilia and christmas disease.
AB  - Haematuria is common in haemophilia and Christmas disease. A variety of
      radiological abnormalities in the urinary tract has been described in the
      literature, the commonest being hydronephrosis and obstructive uropathy. The
      findings in 26 cases seen in this centre were reported by Beck and Evans in 1972;
      although urinary-tract obstruction was relatively common, it was noted that signs
      suggestive of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) were present in some cases. In the
      present study, 20 of these patients were reinvestigated up to 10 years after the
      original radiological studies; a total number of 46 past and present intravenous
      urograms were examined. There was evidence of RPN in 11 of the 20 patients, and
      in five of these the signs had changed over the intervening period. The relevance
      of these findings is discussed; none of the patients showed evidence of renal
      failure. It is suggested that episodes of urinary-tract obstruction could be
      related to papillary sloughing, in some cases, rather than clot obstruction or
      obstruction due to retroperitoneal bleeding.

PMID- 6825403
TI  - Skeletal abnormalities in mitral-valve prolapse.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen Chinese patients with mitral-valve prolapse were
      evaluated for skeletal abnormalities, to determine their prevalence and
      interrelation. Measurements of thoracic dimensions from radiographs differed
      significantly from the normal population. The commonest thoracic abnormality was
      the straight back, being present in 37.5% of the male and 26.9% of the female
      patients. Accurate quantitation of thoracic kyphosis was difficult. Either the
      ratio between antero-posterior and transverse thoracic diameters or a vertebral
      index characterised the straight back. Other abnormalities included scoliosis,
      sternal and rib deformities. The mean of metacarpal indices for the patients was
      also significantly higher than the normal mean. An abnormal metacarpal index was
      present in 20.9%. There was dissociation between peripheral and thoracic skeletal
      abnormalities. The diagnostic, aetiological and prognostic implications of
      associated skeletal abnormalities were discussed.

PMID- 6825404
TI  - Why are radiologists in the UK not using computers in their departments?
AB  - The value of administrative support computers in radiology departments has been
      evident, particularly in the United States, for more than a decade. It is
      difficult to understand why so little interest appears to have developed in this
      country; it is, perhaps, our inherent conservatism. The advent of the inexpensive
      microprocessor with a wide range of program packages has set the scene for an
      expansion of the use of computing in a wide range of clerical tasks. This article
      sets out to describe the various applications which we have demonstrated to be
      particularly suitable for incorporation into a computer system and suggests a
      number of additional applications which may be appropriate to particular
      radiology departments.

PMID- 6825405
TI  - Contrast media and bronchospasm: a study with iopamidol.
AB  - Conventional radiological contrast media given intravenously are known to produce
      bronchospasm in the majority of patients, even though this is rarely clinically
      apparent. We have found that this phenomenon is much less pronounced with the
      new, low-osmolality contrast medium iopamidol. If the mechanism underlying the
      clinically silent bronchospasm observed with the conventional media is the same
      as that underlying the occasional life-threatening or fatal bronchospasm, then
      this observation is of considerable importance.

PMID- 6825406
TI  - The problem of avascular necrosis of bone in patients treated for Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - Seven patients treated for Hodgkin's disease by chemotherapy and radiotherapy
      developed avascular necrosis of the heads of long bones (femur in six cases,
      humerus in one case). The use of steroids has been correlated with the appearance
      of this uncommon complication but steroids may not be the only aetiological
      factor. The roles of radiotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents and trauma have not
      been clarified in previously published accounts. The importance of trauma as a
      cofactor is emphasised and it is suggested that patients at risk try to avoid
      trauma and excessive mechanical stress. The role of radiation is less clear,
      though shielding the heads of long bones is recommended when clinically
      appropriate. Early orthopaedic referral with hip-joint replacement or bone
      grafting reduces the short-term morbidity of this condition, though the long-term
      prognosis after surgery is uncertain. Although this complication of treatment is
      uncommon it may inflict disability and occupational disturbance on otherwise
      healthy patients who have the prospect of long-term survival.

PMID- 6825407
TI  - Optimal time-dose relationships in high dose-rate intracavitary irradiation for
      carcinoma of the cervix uteri using time, dose and fractionation values.

PMID- 6825408
TI  - The cardiovascular and renal responses to short-term isolation in Brattleboro
      rats.
AB  - 1. The effects of isolation on systolic blood pressure, heart rate and fluid and
      electrolyte balances were studied in rats with a congenital inability to
      synthesize vasopressin (Brattleboro strain) and in the normal parent strain (Long
      Evans). 2. There was no significant difference between the systolic blood
      pressures of Brattleboro rats and Long Evans rats while the animals were housed
      in groups, although the heart rates of the Brattleboro rats were significantly
      higher. 3. After 5 days of isolation in metabolism cages, systolic blood pressure
      was significantly increased in the Long Evans rats, but not in the Brattleboro
      rats. 4. Since there were no significant differences between the fluid and
      electrolyte balances of the two groups after 5 days of isolation, it is unlikely
      that the hypertension in the Long Evans rats was attributable to a renal action
      of vasopressin. 5. It is possible that vasopressin was involved in the
      development of isolation-induced hypertension by virtue of its pressor effects.
      Alternatively, the failure of Brattleboro rats to develop hypertension may have
      been due to some abnormality in these animals other than the lack of vasopressin.

PMID- 6825409
TI  - The influence of a high dietary intake of purine-rich animal protein on urinary
      urate excretion and supersaturation in renal stone disease.
AB  - 1. Eight recurrent renal stone-forming patients were housed in a metabolic ward
      and fed on a low (LPD) and a high (HPD) animal protein diet, which were
      isoenergetic. Metabolic studies were made after 2 weeks on each diet. 2. There
      was a 90% increase in urinary urate on HPD compared with LPD, whereas serum urate
      did not change consistently. 3. The urinary acid excretion increased by 200%,
      including a 100% increase in ammonium ion excretion. A fall in urine pH by 0.9
      unit was also seen. 4. The calculated ion activities of the urines revealed a
      profound increase in the uric acid supersaturation, from undersaturation to
      supersaturation, and in some cases even surpassing the formation product ratio.
      The ammonium urate supersaturation also increased. The sodium urate
      supersaturation was unchanged, despite an induced natriuresis. 5. The risk of
      forming uric acid or ammonium urate crystals or stones in the urine was increased
      on a high protein diet, whereas the risk of forming sodium urate crystals was no
      greater than on a low protein diet. 6. As uric acid and ammonium urate crystals
      under certain conditions may adsorb a macromolecular fraction of the human urine,
      which inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth, it is proposed that this
      mechanism, along with a decrease in urine pH, may also interfere with the
      inhibitory activity of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation.

PMID- 6825410
TI  - A Signal Detection Theory analysis of the effect of chest cage restriction upon
      the detection of inspiratory resistive loads.
AB  - 1. By the use of Signal Detection Theory techniques, resistive load detection
      sensitivity was estimated in six normal subjects, and compared with detection
      when the chest cage was strapped in the position of full expiration. 2. With
      chest cage restriction there was both a decrease in detection sensitivity and an
      increase in the willingness to report the presence of an added load to breathing.
      3. This suggests that the similarity of detection in chest clamping and control
      previously reported was due partly to increased detection bias with chest
      clamping. 4. These results have implications concerning the dependence of
      detection on afferent information from the chest wall.

PMID- 6825411
TI  - Trans-mucosal passage of intact peptides in the guinea-pig small intestine in
      vivo: a re-appraisal.
AB  - 1. Re-examination of data for the chemical analysis of peptide-bound amino acids
      in the mesenteric venous blood of anaesthetized guinea-pigs suggests that there
      are small, but significant, amounts of small peptides in the blood of fasted
      animals. 2. Furthermore, there is a significant increase in the peptide content
      of the mesenteric venous blood during intraduodenal infusion of a partial digest
      of casein. 3. The data are consistent with the view that some 10% of the amino
      nitrogen entering the mesenteric blood during absorption of a casein digest in
      vivo may be in the form of small peptides, although it is not possible to define
      confidence limits for this estimate.

PMID- 6825412
TI  - Changes in the number and activity of sodium pumps in erythrocytes from patients
      with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - 1. The sodium content, the rate and rate constant of ouabain-sensitive sodium
      efflux and the number of sodium pumps (indicated by the ouabain-binding capacity)
      were measured in erythrocytes from patients with hyperthyroidism and compared
      with values obtained in euthyroid patients and healthy control subjects.
      Erythrocyte zinc content was measured as a simple estimate of the content of
      carbonic anhydrase. 2. In the hyperthyroid patients, erythrocyte sodium content
      was increased, whereas the rate and rate constant of ouabain-sensitive sodium
      efflux, the ouabain-binding capacity and erythrocyte zinc content were all
      decreased. 3. The sodium pumps in hyperthyroidism had the same affinity for
      ouabain and the same rate constant per pump as those in healthy controls. 4. The
      decrease in the efflux rate constant could be entirely accounted for by the
      decrease in the number of sodium pumps. 5. Although the sodium efflux was
      decreased in the hyperthyroid patients, the change was less than expected for the
      decrease in the efflux rate constant. This suggests that there is an increase in
      the ground permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in hyperthyroidism. 6. In the
      hyperthyroid patients the number of sodium pumps and erythrocyte zinc content
      were inversely related to the plasma levels of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine,
      but more closely to the latter. 7. These results suggest that the thyroid
      hormones may influence the erythrocyte's content of a range of proteins which
      happens to include the sodium pump.

PMID- 6825413
TI  - Effect of pH, viscosity and ionic-strength changes on ciliary beating frequency
      of human bronchial explants.
AB  - 1. Ciliary activity is significantly influenced by chemical and physical
      properties of the liquid medium in which the cilia beat. 2. We studied the effect
      of changes in pH, ionic strength and viscosity on the ciliary beat frequency
      (CBF) of explants of human respiratory mucosa. 3. Optimal CBF was elicited at pH
      7 . 0-9 . 0, with a marked reduction of CBF outside these limits. The CBF was
      well preserved at NaCl concentrations between 5 g/l (80 mmol/l) and 12 g/l (200
      mmol/l), but there was rapid loss at concentrations below 0 . 5 g/l (10 mmol/l).
      The cilia beat best at viscosities below 1 . 0 centipoises (1 mN s m-2). Increase
      of the viscosity gradually decreases CBF with a significant drop at viscosities
      above 87 millipoises. 4. It is concluded that the above limits may fairly
      accurately indicate the actual physical characteristics of the periciliary
      environment ('sol layer') in vivo.

PMID- 6825414
TI  - [Mebendazole and large echinococcal cysts].

PMID- 6825415
TI  - [Indications and prospects of adjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 6825416
TI  - [Therapy of hemorrhoids].

PMID- 6825417
TI  - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus: concentration, partial purification,
      inactivation and immunogenicity.
AB  - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) TC-84 vaccinal virus, from 10-1.
      quantities of infected duck embryo fibroblast cell culture fluids, was isolated
      by combined continuous-flow centrifugation with isopycnic banding in sucrose.
      Most of the recovered infectivity and hemagglutinating activity were in a single
      band at a buoyant density (rho) of 1.2. About 90% of the total input protein (450
      520 mg) was removed with the effluent, whereas most of the remaining 10% also
      banded at a rho of 1.2. Infectivity was inactivated with formalin at a final
      concentration of 0.05% at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. Formalin-inactivated virus
      retained its immunogenicity and induced VEE virus-specific antibody in horses and
      guinea pigs. The horses and those guinea pigs that received equivalent doses of
      vaccine survived after a challenge of their immunity with virulent VEE virus.

PMID- 6825418
TI  - In vivo pulmonary response to Aspergillus terreus spores.
AB  - The fate of intratracheally instilled Aspergillus terreus spores was followed in
      both rabbits and rats. Phagocytosis of the spores by the pulmonary macrophage was
      rapid in that approx. 42% of the observed spores were associated with the
      macrophages immediately after instillation. Direct penetration of the lung
      architecture by the spores was not observed but spores were seen in the alveolar
      interstitium at 3 hr after instillation and in the tracheobroncheal lymph nodes
      at 24 hr. Granulomas formed between 48 hr and 1 week after exposure. In the
      absence of apparent spore or spore extract toxicity and precipitating antibodies
      against Aspergillus terreus, the observed reactions preclude the possibility that
      the lesions were the consequence of hypersensitivity. This model of pulmonary
      response to fungal spores may be of future value for characterizing further the
      pathology associated with certain occupational exposures to moldy materials.

PMID- 6825419
TI  - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical
      responses of cattle to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis.
AB  - The bacteriologic, immunologic, and clinical responses of 3- to 4-month old
      Holstein-Friesian calves to experimental exposure with Moraxella bovis type 10900
      has been investigated. After u.v. radiation and intraconjunctival exposure with
      1.9 X 10(7) microorganisms, each eye of 16 calves exhibited signs of
      blepharospasm, photophobia, and increased lacrimation. Bacteria were recovered
      from exposed eyes for 2-7 consecutive weeks before maximal clinical response
      occurred. The severity of the cases varied from eyes that exhibited mild signs to
      severe clinical cases with profuse lacrimation, conjunctival swelling, corneal
      opacity, and ulceration. By 70 days after exposure, M. bovis could not be
      recovered from any conjunctival swabs, and clinical signs were not observed. Four
      non-exposed control animals did not develop clinical signs nor was M. bovis
      recovered from conjunctival swabs. Lacrimal secretions collected at the time of
      and 1 week after maximal clinical response had significantly elevated levels of
      total protein as compared to those collected 3, 2, and 1 week before, and 2 and 3
      weeks after maximal clinical response. A passive hemagglutination test, using
      tanned formalized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with M. bovis sonicate antigen,
      detected antibody in lacrimal secretions from 22 of 32 eyes. The appearance of
      specific antibody in lacrimal secretions correlated with the amelioration of
      clinical signs and the decline in numbers of M. bovis microorganisms recovered
      from conjunctival swabs.

PMID- 6825421
TI  - [Demonstration of natural killer cells (NK) in the breeding perch (Dicentrarchus
      labrax). Effect of breeding temperature].

PMID- 6825422
TI  - Seasonal patterns in children's blood-lead levels: a second peak in late winter.

PMID- 6825420
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation suppression caused by pyoderma--failure to demonstrate
      it in uncomplicated demodectic mange.
AB  - Three dogs with demodectic mange uncomplicated by a bacterial infection and 9
      dogs with demodectic mange and pyoderma were tested for their lymphocyte response
      to phytomitogens in vitro and for the presence of the serum's lymphocyte
      immunoregulatory factors (SLIF) suppressing blastogenesis. None of the 3 dogs
      with uncomplicated demodectic mange showed any detectable dysfunction of their
      lymphocytes or presence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. Their lymphocytes
      generally responded to the mitogens with more blastogenesis than lymphocytes from
      healthy controls. On the other hand, in the group of 9 dogs with demodicosis
      complicated by a bacterial infection, high levels of the blastogenesis
      suppressing SLIF for concanavalin A-sensitive cells were detected in 4 dogs, for
      phytohemagglutinin-sensitive cells in 2 dogs, and for pokeweed mitogen-sensitive
      cells in 1 (of only 3 tested) dog. Dysfunction of lymphocytes per se (detected by
      a decreased blastogenesis in nonsuppressive normal canine and bovine sera) was
      detected in 3 dogs with demodicosis with pyoderma. The success of the treatment
      of demodectic mange or the bacterial skin infection did not correlate with the
      previous presence or absence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. The treatment
      of pyoderma was less successful in dogs with an increase in blastogenesis of
      unstimulated cells in fresh normal canine serum over that in autologous serum.
      All 3 dogs with a detected dysfunction of their lymphocytes either died or were
      euthanatized as untreatable cases. It is concluded that the development of
      demodectic mange per se did not cause the appearance of the blastogenesis
      suppressing SLIF, which was primarily related to the appearance and extent of the
      secondary bacterial skin infection.

PMID- 6825424
TI  - Health care strikes: issues and trends.

PMID- 6825423
TI  - Intraperitoneal variceal bleeding: an unusual cause for hemoperitoneum.

PMID- 6825425
TI  - Statement of the American Medical Association to the Select Education
      Subcommittee, Committee on Education and Labor, U. S. House of Representatives.
      Re: H. R. 6492--Handicapped Infants Protection Act, September 1982.

PMID- 6825429
TI  - Common-source outbreaks of trichinosis--New York City, Rhode Island. Centers for
      Disease Control, H.E.W., Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA.

PMID- 6825427
TI  - Doctors are suing lawyers and some are winning.

PMID- 6825426
TI  - Recent trends in physician liability claims and insurance expenses. AMA Center
      for Health Policy Research.

PMID- 6825430
TI  - Restoring integrity to continuing medical education. AMA Council on Medical
      Education.

PMID- 6825428
TI  - Mammography: a statement of the American Cancer Society. National Task Force on
      Breast Cancer Control.

PMID- 6825431
TI  - The value of computed tomography in the work up of a patient with cervical spine
      injury.

PMID- 6825432
TI  - The morgue: a neglected classroom for physical diagnosis.

PMID- 6825433
TI  - From parasitic infection to parasitic disease. Colloquium on the Pathogenesis of
      Disease Induced through Parasites, as Compared to Other Noxious Agents, Antwerp,
      December 11-13, 1981.

PMID- 6825435
TI  - Experimental infection with two stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Study of
      the evolution by elution techniques of tissues.

PMID- 6825436
TI  - Relapsed parasitaemia following chemotherapy of chronic T. brucei infections in
      mice and its relation to cerebral trypanosomes.
AB  - Mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei can be easily cured using the available
      trypanocidal drugs, provided treatment is given soon after the infection;
      however, if infection is allowed to continue for some time then it is extremely
      difficult to obtain a permanent cure, and after an aparasitaemic period the
      infection eventually relapses. It has been shown that a relatively small number
      of infective trypanosomes in the brain have escaped the action of the drug and
      these are able to replicate and eventually they re-establish a circulating
      parasitaemia. The number of infective trypanosomes remaining after chemotherapy
      varied according to the stabilate of T. brucei, but using the stabilate T. brucei
      GVR 35 there were up to, 5,000 infective trypanosomes 2 days after treatment, and
      this rapidly increased up to 50,000 trypanosomes at 7 days. Infected mice on
      histological examination exhibited a mild meningitis and this was exacerbated by
      Berenil therapy and 7 days posttreatment the mice had an acute
      meningoencephalitis. It would appear that if the infective trypanosomes are
      completely eliminated from the brain this exacerbated reaction does not occur. It
      has been found that combined treatment of chronic T. brucei infections with
      either diminazene aceturate or suramin followed by 5-substituted nitroimidazoles
      at appropriate dose levels will completely eliminate the infective trypanosomes
      from the brain and the mice are permanently cured.

PMID- 6825434
TI  - Pathology of infection with Trypanosoma brucei: disease syndromes in dogs and
      cattle resulting from severe tissue damage.

PMID- 6825439
TI  - IgG and IgM--levels in serum and CSF of T. rhodesiense-infected vervet monkeys.

PMID- 6825437
TI  - Chemotherapy, relapses and CNS in experimental African trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 6825438
TI  - Studies of choroid plexus involvement in chronic infections of mice with
      Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

PMID- 6825440
TI  - Immunopathology of hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 6825441
TI  - Liver collagen synthesis and degradation in schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6825442
TI  - Eosinophils and endomyocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 6825444
TI  - Collagen solubility and cross-linking in normal and fibrotic human livers.

PMID- 6825443
TI  - The influence of host and parasite factors on Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced
      tissue fibrosis.

PMID- 6825450
TI  - Ruptured urinary bladder in a post-parturient cow.
AB  - Rupture of the urinary bladder at the time of parturition occurred in a 2 year
      old Angus cow. Anamnesis included a dystocia followed by a gradual (16 days)
      onset of anorexia and abdominal distension. Prominent findings on the physical
      examination were marked dehydration, symmetrical distension of the lower abdomen
      with ascitic fluid, pneumoperitoneum, absence of rumen contractions, and
      constipation. Significant laboratory findings were elevations of plasma protein,
      serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine, hypochloremia, hyponatremia,
      hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The ascitic fluid was present in large
      quantities (50 liters) and had a markedly elevated urea nitrogen and creatinine
      concentration when compared to serum values for these substances. Parotid
      salivary secretion had a reversal of the normal sodium: potassium ratio which was
      attributed to an increase in aldosterone levels brought about by the
      hyponatremia. A ventral tear in the urinary bladder was successfully repaired by
      laparotomy.

PMID- 6825448
TI  - Immune mediated vascular injury: possible relevance in the pathogenesis of
      parasitic disease.

PMID- 6825445
TI  - Fibrosis around schistosomal egg antigen-coated beads in the liver of mice.

PMID- 6825449
TI  - Immune unresponsiveness and its possible relation to filarial disease.

PMID- 6825446
TI  - Hepatic schistosomal fibrosis: ultrastructural study of experimentally induced
      periparticular reaction.

PMID- 6825447
TI  - H-2 linked response to Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse: immunological and
      immunopathological aspects.

PMID- 6825451
TI  - Neuroepithelial tumor of the optic nerve in a horse.
AB  - A nine-year-old horse was presented with severe exophthalmos of the right eye and
      a large mass in the vitreal cavity. The affected globe was enucleated and two
      months following surgery the horse was euthanized because of spread of the tumor
      into the calvarium producing compression of the brain stem and neurologic signs.
      Examination of tumor tissue by light and electron microscopic examination showed
      a mixed neoplasm of primitive neuroepithelium.

PMID- 6825452
TI  - Four cases of pulmonary nodular eosinophilic granulomatosis in dogs.
AB  - Four cases of pulmonary nodular eosinophilic granulomatosis are described in
      dogs. All dogs were presented for chronic respiratory disease. Three dogs had
      radiographic and pathologic evidence of heartworm disease. One dog had lesions
      suggestive of past heartworm disease; but adult worms were not found at necropsy.
      Radiographically, single or multiple pulmonary densities up to 10 cm in diameter
      were seen. Hemograms on 3 dogs indicated a leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and
      eosinophilia. A microfilaremia was not detected in any of these dogs.
      Transtracheal washes yielded eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages. Three
      dogs were euthanatized. A 7 cm pulmonary nodule was excised surgically from the
      other dog. The pulmonary nodules were grossly yellow to gray in color, well
      circumscribed, and solid. In one case, several nodules surrounded major branches
      of the pulmonary artery. Histologically, these nodules were composed of dense
      accumulations of epithelioid cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. There was no
      evidence of thrombosis due to Dirofilaria immitis. Possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms are discussed. Differentiation of pulmonary nodular eosinophilic
      granulomatosis from other types of pulmonary nodules in the dog can be
      accomplished by histologic examination.

PMID- 6825453
TI  - Canine parvovirus serum neutralizing antibody assay: assessment of factors
      responsible for disparity of results between tests.
AB  - Canine parvovirus (CPV) serum neutralization (SN) test components were evaluated
      to determine their effect on antibody titer results. The use of different strains
      of CPV and different cell substrates had little effect on assay results.
      Variations in SN antibody titer results were associated with the use of challenge
      virus preparations that differed in the ratio of hemagglutination units (HAU) to
      infectivity units (FAID50). Sensitivity and reproducibility can be achieved by
      using a standardized challenge virus preparation containing a low HAU/FAID50
      ratio.

PMID- 6825456
TI  - An algorithm for minimizing financial losses due to immune deficiency in calves.

PMID- 6825454
TI  - Eimeria cameli (Henry and Masson, 1932) Reichenow, 1952: redescription and
      prevalence in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Eimeria cameli is reported for the first time from Saudi camels. This parasite
      occurs throughout the year but is commonest during September. Of 960 camels of
      which fecal samples were examined 14% harboured oocysts. The oocyst of E. cameli
      measures 86-108 X 61-86 microns and is dark brown to black in the tissues and
      when passed out in the feces. Giant schizonts are seen in the jejunum and not in
      the abomasum as previously reported. This and other morphological features
      departing from previous descriptions are discussed in the text.

PMID- 6825455
TI  - Morphophysiological correlation of boar Leydig cell development during postnatal
      stage.
AB  - To analyze the possible correlation between steroidogenic activity of the Leydig
      cells and their morphology and ultrastructure in the boar testes at different
      ages, testes from six Yorkshire boars were obtained by orchidectomy at
      8,14,28,40,70,78,86,94 and 100 days of age. Using representative sections of
      testicular parenchyma, light as well as transmission electron microscopic studies
      were performed. Homogenized, albuginea-free tissue was further used for
      quantitative estimation of total proteins and metabolic pools of androstenedione
      (A), testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Under light
      microscopy, abundant hyperplastic Leydig cells were observed from 14 to 40 days,
      thereafter was a decrease in their size and number. Spermatogenesis remained in
      the spermatogonia stage while the tubules increased in diameter until age 80
      days; from 90 days on, pachytene primary spermatocytes could be found. A well
      developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum was observed in Leydig cells from the 8th
      postnatal day. Metabolic pools from age 8 to 28 days showed a decrease for T and
      A from 4.33 to 1.78 and 2.51 to 0.48 microgram/mg protein respectively,
      maintaining thereafter the same levels throughout the age-span studied. However,
      DHT was found at low levels from the beginning of neonatal period (from 0.07 to
      0.38 microgram/mg protein).

PMID- 6825457
TI  - Pityriasis rubra pilaris as the initial manifestation of leukemia.
AB  - The association of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) with an underlying disease is
      unusual. A case of a PRP-like eruption presenting as the initial manifestation of
      acute stem cell leukemia is reported. Other noncutaneous diseases previously
      reported in association with PRP are reviewed. Other cutaneous lesions associated
      with leukemia are also briefly described.

PMID- 6825458
TI  - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

PMID- 6825459
TI  - Reactive perforating collagenosis of diabetes mellitus and renal failure.
AB  - We believe that the disease we are reporting is associated with diabetes,
      particularly in patients on renal dialysis, and the perforation is initiated by
      scratching. Decreasing pruritus is the only needed treatment as the lesions tend
      to resolve on their own. While this entity has been called Kyrle's disease, it
      more correctly is reactive perforating collagenosis, both clinically and
      histologically. Whether this is a variant of what Kyrle originally described is
      not clear. We propose that this entity be called reactive perforating
      collagenosis of diabetes and renal failure.

PMID- 6825460
TI  - Porphyria mimicked during minoxidil therapy.

PMID- 6825461
TI  - Trichotillomania associated with alopecia areata.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman had alopecia areata of two years' duration. Initially, the
      clinical findings were quite characteristic of alopecia areata; however, the hair
      that grew back into the areas of alopecia remained short and sparse.
      Histopathologic examination suggested trichotillomania, which was confirmed by
      shaving a small area on the scalp and observing normal hair regrowth.

PMID- 6825462
TI  - Anagen ratios in high-risk pregnancies.
AB  - Forty pregnant women attending the high-risk and normal obstetric clinics were
      evaluated for parietal scalp hair stage ratios during the second and/or third
      trimesters. In seven of the ten high risk patients from whom hair samples were
      obtained on two occasions, there was an observed fall in anagen hair percentages.
      Two of these had unfavorable outcomes, including severe anomalies and fetal
      death. These results are preliminary, but indicate the need for further
      evaluation of the anagen percentage as an indicator of pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 6825463
TI  - Biofeedback training in the therapy of flushing.
AB  - Biofeedback training was used in a study of seven patients with spontaneous and
      ingestant-provoked flushing reactions. The patients were challenged before and
      after biofeedback training with chocolate, wine, and hot coffee. While there was
      no significant improvement in the group for flushing reactions provoked in the
      laboratory setting, five of the seven patients observed enhanced control in
      spontaneous flushing.

PMID- 6825464
TI  - Cutaneous Mycobacterium kansasii infection presenting as cellulitis.
AB  - An immunocompromised renal transplant patient developed a cellulitis-like lesion
      on the leg. This lesion and subsequent periarticular lesions proved to be due to
      Mycobacterium kansasii. Although cutaneous infection due to these microorganisms
      is rare, in selected cases it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 6825465
TI  - Buschke-ollendorff syndrome.
AB  - Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome or dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata with
      osteopoikilosis is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by focal
      sclerotic bone dysplasia and associated connective tissue nevi. The following
      case report not only illustrates classic findings in this disease but also
      demonstrates previously reported, but little known features.

PMID- 6825467
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of variations in human metaphase chromosome
      structure revealed by Giemsa banding.

PMID- 6825466
TI  - Provisional assignment of TPI, GPI, and PEPD to Chinese hamster autosomes 8 and
      9: a cytogenetic basis for functional haploidy of an autosomal linkage group in
      CHO cells.
AB  - Concordant segregation analysis of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) isozymes
      and chromosomes segregating from interspecific somatic cell hybrids made with
      mouse C11D cells revealed the locations of GPI and PEPD on chromosome 9 and TPI
      on chromosome 8 in both euploid Chinese hamster and CHO cells. The patterns of
      electrophoretically detectable shift mutants of these loci in CHO cells were
      consistent with the observed presence of two normally banded chromosome 8's and
      monosomy for chromosome 9. These findings and the isolation of three independent,
      null PEPD mutants in only 527 ethyl methansulfonate-exposed clones indicate that
      the high frequency of recovery of recessive drug resistant mutants in CHO cells
      may be due not only to haploidy caused by deletions and monosomy but also by
      great sensitivity of certain loci to particular mutagens.

PMID- 6825468
TI  - The Z-chromosome is involved in the regulation of H-W (H-Y) antigen gene
      expression in Xenopus.
AB  - H-W (H-Y) antigen was investigated in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Xenopus
      hybrids. These hybrids differ from each other with respect to their sex
      chromosome constitution-they all have a single W chromosome but one to three Z
      chromosomes. The H-W antigen concentration is reduced with increasing numbers of
      Z chromosomes. In the diploid and triploid hybrids the single W chromosome is
      able to guarantee ovary development, but among the tetraploids both male and
      female animals occur. However, both sexes have identical H-W antigen titers in
      the somatic tissues. It can be concluded that in these tetraploid hybrids with a
      ZZZW sex chromosome complement, the amount of H-W antigen is too low to sustain
      ovary development in all cases. Our results clearly indicate that in Xenopus a Z
      coded gene is involved in the regulation of H-W antigen gene expression. In man
      and mouse there is evidence that such a regulatory gene is located on the X
      chromosome. Because of the concordance of man, mouse, and Xenopus we hypothesize
      that not only was the H-Y (H-W) antigen gene conserved during evolution but also
      the genes engaged in its regulation.

PMID- 6825469
TI  - Absence of correlation between univalent formation and meiotic nondisjunction in
      aged female Chinese hamsters.
AB  - The effects of maternal aging on the configuration of chiasmata, formation of
      univalents, and segregation of first meiotic (MI) chromosomes were investigated
      in young (5-8 mo) and old (16-19 mo) Chinese hamsters. Primary oocytes were
      collected only from mature follicles approximately 10 h before ovulation, and
      secondary oocytes were obtained from the oviducts 5 h after spontaneous
      ovulation. The average number of chiasmata per oocyte was significantly smaller
      in aged hamsters than in the young hamsters (P less than 0.001). Terminal
      chiasmata were found more frequently in the former group than in the latter one
      (P less than 0.001). These results coincided well with findings in the mouse.
      Since the 11 meiotic chromosomes could be divided into four morphologically
      distinguishable subgroups, it was possible to determine whether the same bivalent
      forming univalents at MI actually underwent nondisjunction in the following
      meiotic division. The incidence of both MI oocytes with a univalent pair and
      aneuploid MII oocytes due to first meiotic nondisjunction was significantly
      higher in the aged group than in the young group (P less than 0.01) and P less
      than 0.05, respectively). However, univalents occurred almost exclusively in the
      smallest metacentric chromosome group (96%), whereas nondisjunction took place
      nearly equally in each chromosomal subgroup. These results clearly showed that
      there was no correlation between the univalents seen at MI and nondisjunction
      during the first meiotic division.

PMID- 6825470
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of Q-banded pronuclear chromosomes in fertilized Syrian
      hamster eggs.
AB  - The frequency and type of chromosome abnormalities were analyzed in 917 female
      pronuclei in Syrian hamster eggs fertilized by human sperm. Analysis at this
      stage allows detection of errors which have occurred during meiosis I and II. The
      chromosomes were Q-banded to identify individual chromosomes and detect subtle
      alterations. Thirty-three (3.6%) of the hamster egg complements were abnormal: 19
      (2.1%) were hypohaploid, seven (0.76%) were hyperhaploid, two (0.2%) had double
      aneuploidy, and five (0.5%) had a structural chromosome abnormality. Since there
      were significantly more hypohaploid than hyperhaploid complements, a conservative
      estimate of aneuploidy can be derived by doubling the frequency of hyperhaploid
      complements. Thus a minimal estimate of aneuploidy (single, 1.5%, and double,
      0.2%) is 1.7% and a minimal estimate of the total frequency of abnormalities is
      2.2%. All chromosome groups were represented among the aneuploid complements
      suggesting that all chromosomes are susceptible to non-disjunction.

PMID- 6825471
TI  - Complex chromosome homologies between the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and man.
AB  - The chromosome localization and gene synteny of soluble malate dehydrogenase
      (MDH1), soluble isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), mitochondrial superoxide
      dismutase (SOD2), phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM3), mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
      (MDH2), beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), nucleoside phosphorylase (NP), pyruvate kinase
      M2 (PKM2), hexosaminidase A (HEXA), inosine triphosphatase (ITPA), and N-acetyl
      alpha-D-galactosaminidase (NAGA) were determined in the rhesus monkey using
      somatic cell hybrids. Comparison with the human and Pongidae syntenic groups
      shows that chromosome banding homologies do not always correlate with gene
      mapping data.

PMID- 6825472
TI  - C-band patterns of chromosomes in 17 strains of mice.
AB  - Differences in the size and distribution of chromosomal C-bands were investigated
      in 17 strains of Mus musculus. Each strain was found to have a characteristic C
      band pattern. Closely related strains, substrains, and congenic strains, e.g.,
      DDD and DRC, BALB/c and BALB/cAn, and CBA/J and CBA/H-T6, showed a similar C-band
      pattern, whereas striking dissimilarities in the C-band pattern was observed
      between the related strains, DDD and DHS, and SJL and SWJ, which were established
      independently from noninbred stocks of dd and Swiss mice, respectively. Virtually
      every autosome except for 1 and 2 showed C-band variation among the strains. The
      size of the C-band on 1, 2, and the X appeared to be fairly constant among the
      strains. All chromosome pairs were homomorphic in each inbred animal; the between
      strain difference in the C-band size was most easily observed in F1 hybrids which
      showed the heteromorphic C-band patterns, expected from the parents. Measurements
      of the chromosome lengths of the heteromorphic pairs in a (C57BL/6J X DDD) F1
      hybrid disclosed that homologues which had different size C-band had
      significantly different lengths, and homologues, one of which lacked C-band
      material, were the same length. Heteromorphism in the length of Y chromosome was
      also found; BALB/cAn had a Y smaller than the 19. These chromosome markers appear
      to be useful for characterizing each strain as well as for monitoring inbred
      stocks.

PMID- 6825473
TI  - Spontaneous heteroploidy in one-cell mouse embryos.
AB  - First cleavage divisions were analyzed, after chromosome banding, in 321 zygotes
      recovered from superovulated, outbred ICR mice 33-35 h after injection of human
      chorionic gonadotropin. With 72.1% of all zygotes at metaphase and late prophase
      analyzed, there was 87% diploidy, 3.6% trisomy, 2.5% monosomy, 0.4% structural
      rearrangement, and 0.93% triploidy. Aneuploid zygotes in which there were 37 or
      38 chromosomes accounted for 6.5% of the population with both haploid complements
      analyzable. In 45 diploid zygotes in which only one complement was analyzable,
      there was 93.4% haploidy, 2.2% disomy, and 4.4% hypoploidy. The chromosome most
      often involved in aneuploidy was the 19. The parental origin of the chromosome
      anomalies was determined on the basis of differential condensation of the
      chromosomes. The source of trisomy was shown to be the male in three and the
      female in five of the eight cases determined. This indicates a paternal
      contribution to trisomy and a female nondisjunction frequency of 1.5% (five of
      321). For monosomy where the origin was identified in five of the cases, the male
      complement was implicated in three zygotes. The single break was seen in a sperm
      derived chromosome. Two of the three triploids were dispermic and one was
      digynic. The outbred Swiss mouse might be a useful model for studying factors
      responsible for the induction of cytogenetic anomalies in early development of
      mammals.

PMID- 6825475
TI  - Complementation analysis of dexamethasone resistance in L cells.
AB  - Glucocorticoid-resistant variants of L cells were characterized by somatic cell
      hybridization. Neither of the variants had a clearly dominant phenotype in
      hybrids with a glucocorticoid-sensitive fibroblast line. Hybrids of one of the
      resistant variants and a resistant fibroblast line showed complementation--the
      hybrid clones were sensitive to dexamethasone. Complementation, however,
      disappeared after continued culture of the hybrid cells.

PMID- 6825476
TI  - A rapid DAPI-distamycin method for identification of the mouse Y chromosome.
AB  - In a study requiring rapid diagnosis of the chromosomal sex of mice, standard
      staining methods for mouse chromosomes were evaluated for speed, simplicity, and
      the quality of staining. None of the techniques previously used for mouse
      chromosomes were adequate. However, a DAPI-distamycin A method for human
      karyotyping was successfully adapted for this purpose.

PMID- 6825478
TI  - Safe closure of aortopulmonary window.

PMID- 6825479
TI  - Conservative infundibulectomy, pulmonary valvotomy and residual right ventricular
      hypertension after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 6825477
TI  - Distinguishing cardiac versus pulmonary limitation in exercise performance.

PMID- 6825474
TI  - Regional localization of the human alpha 2(I) collagen gene on chromosome 7 by
      molecular hybridization.

PMID- 6825480
TI  - Thoracic outlet syndrome mimicking angina pectoris with elevated creatine
      phosphokinase values.
AB  - Four patients with elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values and recurrent
      chest pain were found to have thoracic outlet syndrome. This association of
      abnormal CPK levels and chest pain due to thoracic outlet syndrome has not been
      previously reported. Symptoms and CPK values improved with anti-inflammatory
      medications and/or proper posture instruction. It is proposed that CPK values
      become elevated by ischemic or neurologic compromise of muscles supplied by the
      subclavian artery or brachial plexus respectively. Accordingly, chest pain in the
      same dermatomal distribution as that of angina pectoris may be simulated by
      ischemic skeletal muscle. Thoracic outlet syndrome therefore should be suspected
      in any patient with chronically abnormal CPK values and chest pain in whom no
      other etiology can be determined.

PMID- 6825481
TI  - Effect of oral disopyramide therapy on left ventricular function.
AB  - To study the effect of oral disopyramide therapy on left ventricular function, a
      subject of some controversy, we obtained first-pass radionuclide ventriculograms
      with a multicrystal gamma camera in 19 patients with or without therapy. Our
      findings demonstrated that disopyramide causes deterioration in left ventricular
      function in patients with abnormal ejection fractions. This effect is rarely
      recognized clinically and occurs despite safe therapeutic serum levels.

PMID- 6825483
TI  - Cardiac tamponade complicating the postpericardiotomy syndrome.
AB  - Cardiac tamponade is a rare complication of the postpericardiotomy syndrome in
      the absence of anticoagulation therapy. Three cases are presented where cardiac
      tamponade developed as a result of the postpericardiotomy syndrome with normal
      coagulation parameters. The pericardial effusions were serous in two and
      serosanguinous in the third case. Pericardial fluid studies were consistent with
      an exudate. The effusion resolved following a single pericardial tap and short
      term corticosteroid therapy in one case. Repeated pericardiocentesis and drainage
      via an indwelling catheter were required in the other two cases.

PMID- 6825484
TI  - Respiratory illness and hypophosphatemia.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 308 admissions to a pulmonary disease
      ward and 100 admissions to the general medical service over one year to find the
      prevalence, sequelae, and etiology of hypophosphatemia. The overall prevalence of
      low serum phosphate levels (less than 2.4 mg/dl) occurring at least once during
      hospitalization in chest patients was 17 percent, but was higher in patients with
      respiratory infections (28 percent). Moreover, the prevalence of hypophosphatemia
      on admission (before institution of intravenous fluid or drug therapy) was ten
      times higher in patients with respiratory infections than in patients with
      noninfectious respiratory illness or general medical patients (21 vs 2 percent, p
      less than 0.001). Serum phosphate less than 2.0 mg/dl occurred in 4 percent of
      patients. Twenty-seven percent of the patients (including two with ventilatory
      failure) with abnormally low serum phosphate levels had symptoms or signs of
      uncertain etiology later explicable by the presence of hypophosphatemia. The most
      common additional laboratory finding associated with hypophosphatemia was
      elevation of muscle enzymes. Although mortality was no higher in hypophosphatemic
      patients, hospital stay was twice as long as that of patients with normal levels
      of serum phosphate. No correlation was found between simultaneous arterial blood
      gases and serum phosphate levels. Two patients given antacids had severe
      hypophosphatemia and worsened ventilatory function; phosphate-binding antacids
      should be used judiciously in patients with severe respiratory disease, since
      they may lead to the development or worsening of hypophosphatemia and diminished
      ventilatory function.

PMID- 6825482
TI  - Heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in stage III pulmonary
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - Three cases of stage III pulmonary sarcoidosis are presented. Bronchoalveolar
      lavage (BAL) revealed normal cell differential counts in the right middle lobe of
      each patient, but high-intensity lymphocytic alveolitis in the right upper lobe.
      These findings suggest that BAL should be done in multiple segments of the lung
      to obtain a truly representative picture of the intensity of the alveolitis in
      stage III pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6825485
TI  - Effects of oxygen breathing on pulmonary vascular input impedance in patients
      with pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - The effect of oxygen breathing on the stiffness of the large pulmonary artery has
      not been elucidated. We analyzed the proximal pulmonary arterial impedance with a
      multisensor catheter in ten patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH),
      eight patients with pulmonary venous hypertension, and six control subjects. The
      stiffness of the vessel was quantified by the characteristic impedance (Zo) and
      compared with the plasma norepinephrine level. Ten minutes of high-oxygen
      breathing decreased the Zo (from 78 +/- 18 to 57 +/- 14 dynes.sec.cm-5, p less
      than 0.01) and pulmonary arterial resistance in all the cases with PAH. In this
      group, norepinephrine also decreased (from 381 +/- 89 to 319 +/- 77 pg/ml, p less
      than 0.01) following the correction of hypoxemia. Yet, those parameters did not
      change in the other two groups. These results indicate that in patients with PAH,
      oxygen breathing can reduce the stiffness of the main pulmonary artery because of
      the sympatholytic effect.

PMID- 6825486
TI  - Venous obstruction. A potential complication of transvenous pacemaker electrodes.
AB  - Pervenous endocardial pacing using a self-contained, totally implantable system
      was popularized in this country by Chardack in 1965 and subsequently has become
      the established mode of permanent pacing. Although this intervention may be
      lifesaving, it is not without risk. Occlusion of major vessels incited by the
      presence of a pacing electrode is an extremely rare occurrence. We describe four
      patients who had occlusion of the axillary or subclavian veins or of the superior
      vena cava due to pervenous pacing electrodes. We review the literature of
      previous observation of venous occlusion and thromboembolic complications due to
      pervenous pacemakers, describe the clinical features accompanying venous
      obstruction, and review pathophysiology and proposals for treatment. The use of
      noninvasive radionuclide venography serves as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis
      of venous obstruction from pacing catheters.

PMID- 6825487
TI  - Pregnancy in patients after homograft cardiac valve replacement.
AB  - Thirteen pregnancies in ten patients with homograft cardiac valves resulted in 11
      healthy infants, one spontaneous abortion, one elective termination of pregnancy,
      and the stillbirth of one member of a twin pregnancy. Two forceps deliveries and
      three cesarean sections were performed and routine antibiotic prophylaxis at the
      time of delivery was utilized to prevent infective endocarditis in all patients.
      No hemorrhagic or teratogenic complications were observed, and this was
      considered directly related to the fact that anticoagulant therapy was rendered
      unnecessary with the homograft valve--a distinct advantage. A more permissive
      policy of allowing pregnancy in young women with homograft cardiac valves is
      suggested by the satisfactory outcome of the pregnancies reported here.

PMID- 6825488
TI  - Tracking left ventricular performance noninvasively. Response of the peak ear
      pulse derivative during cardiac catheterization.
AB  - The peak derivative of the ear densitograph displacement pulse was monitored on
      12 patients undergoing routine coronary angiography and left ventricular
      angiography. Simultaneous recording of cardiac output, heart rate, systolic time
      intervals, and ear densitogram were obtained throughout the progression from
      before angiographic injections to postcoronary angiography to after left
      ventricular angiography. The peak derivative of the ear densitogram (PD)
      consistently tracked mean systolic ejection rate, and changes in PD showed good
      correlation with changes in ejection rate (r=.749, p less than 0.0001). The PD of
      the ear densitogram appears to be a reliable noninvasive tool for tracking left
      ventricular function during hemodynamic and other challenges.

PMID- 6825489
TI  - Statement on spirometry. A report of the section on respiratory pathophysiology.

PMID- 6825490
TI  - Hemoptysis for investigation.

PMID- 6825491
TI  - Termination of ventricular tachycardia by carotid sinus massage.

PMID- 6825493
TI  - Successful repair of criss-cross heart using modified Fontan operation.
AB  - A five-year-old girl with concordant crossing of atrioventricular connection,
      hypoplastic tricuspid valve, straddling mitral valve, 1-transposition of the
      great arteries, and other anomalies was operated upon. Modified Fontan operation
      was beneficial for such a complex cardiac anomaly.

PMID- 6825492
TI  - Subacute pneumopathy during amiodarone therapy.
AB  - A patient with types A and B of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome developed subacute
      pneumonitis during long-term treatment with amiodarone. The pneumopathy occurred
      only when the maintenance dose was increased to 800 mg/day. Lung specimens
      obtained by transbronchial biopsy showed chronic pneumonitis with C3 deposition
      by immunofluorescence. Pulmonary signs spontaneously disappeared two months after
      the drug was discontinued.

PMID- 6825494
TI  - The association of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and sarcoidosis.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman had a right homonymous hemianopsia, memory impairment for
      five months, a nonenhancing area in the left parieto-occipital region on CT scan,
      and bilateral reticulonodular infiltrates on chest x-ray film. Lung biopsy
      findings were consistent with sarcoidosis, a clinical diagnosis of CNS
      sarcoidosis made, and prednisone therapy begun. She deteriorated neurologically
      and died. At autopsy characteristic histologic and electron microscopic features
      of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were found. We conclude that
      this and other cases demonstrate an association of PML and sarcoidosis and that
      steroid treatment is not a precondition. We also suggest an aggressive diagnostic
      approach in evaluating sarcoidosis with atypical neurologic deficits.

PMID- 6825495
TI  - Isolated aortic origin of right pulmonary artery. Report of a case with special
      reference to pulmonary vascular disease in the left and right lungs.
AB  - Morphometric study of the pulmonary vasculature was performed on lung biopsy
      specimens from a one-year-old girl who underwent anatomic repair of isolated
      aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery. Medial hypertrophy of small
      pulmonary arteries in the right lung was much less remarkable than that in the
      left lung. In contrast, intimal lesions in the right lung were much more advanced
      than those in the left lung. Fully oxygenated blood in the right pulmonary artery
      might suppress medial hypertrophy in response to high pressure and thin media
      fail to protect intima from high pressure, resulting in severe intimal lesions.
      This situation in the right lung resembles that in complete transposition of the
      great arteries.

PMID- 6825497
TI  - Massive fatal hemoptysis secondary to invasive aspergillosis in a patient with
      COPD.

PMID- 6825498
TI  - Endogenous opiates, pulmonary edema, and sleep apnea syndrome.

PMID- 6825496
TI  - Repair of aortopulmonary window at left thoracotomy for patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - The inability to differentiate accurately between patent ductus arteriosus and
      aortopulmonary window may occasionally result in finding an aortopulmonary window
      while prepared to close a patent ductus arteriosus at left thoracotomy. Anatomic
      and technical factors now allow aortopulmonary window closure from the left chest
      using surgical clips in certain selected cases. The successful repair of such a
      case is presented.

PMID- 6825499
TI  - Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by urea formaldehyde?

PMID- 6825500
TI  - Death from ARDS and cardiovascular collapse following lidocaine administration.

PMID- 6825501
TI  - Endobronchial mucormycosis.

PMID- 6825502
TI  - Repetitive ventricular firing caused by AV universal pacing.

PMID- 6825503
TI  - Preinduction use of pulmonary artery catheters during cardiac surgery.

PMID- 6825504
TI  - Teachers' perceptions, attitudes, and reporting of child abuse/neglect.

PMID- 6825505
TI  - Lawyers vs. social workers: is cerebral hemisphericity the culprit?

PMID- 6825506
TI  - Groupwork with preadolescents: theory and practice.

PMID- 6825507
TI  - Developing a secure treatment unit in a private agency.
AB  - Christie School is successfully demonstrating that a continuum-of-care model must
      be established to effectively provide a choice of resources to help children and
      families. Also significant, it is showing that intensive treatment can be
      provided by the private sector at a lesser cost than through the public
      institutions. (Comparison based on similar programs in the public sector.) The
      development of such a program is not easy. Administrators must pay great
      attention to the rounds of funding negotiations and political hurdles. The
      Executive Director spent at least 50% of his time directly involved in some
      aspect of the intensive care unit development, and the board of directors spent
      every meeting dealing with the latest crisis of funding, construction, or the
      politics of the project. As always, in retrospect, there are some issues that
      could have been handled better, or at least differently. However, the intensive
      care unit has become an impressive and effective component of the Christie School
      program. As a spin-off, there has been an upgrading and increased training of all
      staff in all units. The chance for survival of a higher cost program in a
      diminishing resource economy is always in question. However, the board and staff
      feel confident that the recognition of the need and quality of this program shall
      prevail. Most importantly, it is providing the best possible resource for
      children and families who need it.

PMID- 6825508
TI  - Emancipation from foster care: the independent living project.

PMID- 6825509
TI  - Emancipation: the supervised apartment living approach.

PMID- 6825510
TI  - Mitigating turnover of child care staff in group care facilities.

PMID- 6825511
TI  - Reforming judicial procedures for handling parent-child incest.

PMID- 6825513
TI  - Computer tomographic long-time results after surgical removal of subdural fluid
      collections in infancy and childhood.
AB  - 61 infants and children underwent surgery of acute hygroma, acute subdural
      hematoma, chronic subdural hygroma, chronic subdural hematoma, and subdural
      empyema. Long time-follow up including computerized tomography could be performed
      in 20 of these cases. Only 3 CT-scans had been without pathological finding. The
      most common finding had been an enlargement of the inner and outer CSF spaces
      suggesting cerebral atrophy. No correlation had been found to kind of surgical
      treatment and clinical status.

PMID- 6825512
TI  - Treatment of moyamoya disease by temporal muscle graft 'encephalo-myo
      synangiosis'.
AB  - 10 young patients from 7 to 16 years of age with moyamoya disease were treated by
      temporal muscle graft (encephalo-myo-synangiosis: EMS) for the purpose of
      increasing extracranial and intracranial collateral circulation. Ischemic
      cerebrovascular symptoms and signs were encountered in all of them without
      intracranial hemorrhage. The patients were observed for 6-26 months after the
      first operation. Transient ischemic attacks disappeared in 4 out of 7 patients,
      and improved in frequency and duration in the remaining 3. Paresis of the limbs
      disappeared in 1 patient and improved in 2. In 2 patients, facial palsy
      disappeared and dysarthria improved as well. Ataxia disappeared in 2 patients,
      and involuntary movement of the extremities disappeared in 2. There were no
      ineffective cases clinically. In postoperative carotid angiography, the middle
      cerebral arteries were visualized clearly to the peripheral portion mainly via
      the thickened deep temporal arteries, and the abnormal vascular networks in the
      region of the basal ganglia reduced in size in most of patients. Improvements in
      intelligence quotient, electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow were also
      obtained in several patients, respectively. EMS seemed to be an effective
      surgical treatment in young patients with moyamoya disease who suffered from
      cerebral ischemic symptoms.

PMID- 6825514
TI  - Prognosis of benign cerebellar astrocytomas in children.
AB  - Between 1954 and 1975, in the Children's Department of our Institute, 137
      patients under the age of 14 were treated for cerebellar astrocytoma.
      Histological re-examination--in accordance with Gjerris and Klinken--showed that
      only 128 cases could be included into the group of benign cerebellar
      astrocytomas. The short follow-up period in one part of our material does not
      allow the establishment of significant differences between the so-called
      'juvenile' and 'diffuse' type of astrocytomas. From our investigations, it seems
      that the only significant factor in the recurrences and in the survival time is
      the involvement of the brain stem. This involvement is more frequent in the
      diffuse type. However, we could find long-term survivors in both histological
      groups.

PMID- 6825515
TI  - Opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis in the young.
AB  - 14 young patients, operated upon for opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis by craniotomy
      are presented. 2 main etiopathogenetic forms (and their respective clinical
      equivalents) of the disease could be recognized. Only 1 postoperative death
      occurred, in a patient with a dominant clinical picture of intracranial
      hypertension. Results of surgery (craniotomy and lysis of adhesions) could be
      distinguished as positive (functional improvement) in 5 cases, indifferent or
      negative in the others, with a follow-up duration of up to 23 years. The role of
      the diagnostic value of the pneumoencephalogram as a basis for surgical
      indication is discussed: it is felt that this examination, when reported as
      negative, is not of sufficient value to rule out the diagnosis, which must
      essentially rely upon clinical data.

PMID- 6825516
TI  - Large infratentorial multilocular arachnoid cyst.
AB  - Clinical and radiological findings in a 2-year-old boy with a large multilocular
      infratentorial arachnoid cyst are presented. The cyst was extended in the
      bilateral paracollicular and retrocerebellar region and was communicating with
      each other but not with the ventricular system. Associated with those cysts was a
      significant degree of hydrocephalus due to compression of the fourth ventricle.
      Delayed metrizamide CT scan showed totally isolated cysts from CSF circulation
      although the cystic content was determined as the CSF.

PMID- 6825517
TI  - The absence of a relationship between cholecystectomy and the subsequent
      occurrence of cancer of the proximal colon.
AB  - Reports of an increased incidence of right-sided colonic cancers have coincided
      with an expanding knowledge of the carcinogenic potential of secondary bile acids
      which are increased after cholecystectomy, suggesting a possible relationship
      between cholecystectomy and the subsequent occurrence of proximal colonic cancer.
      The hospital records of 582 patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancers
      were reviewed. Fifty-four patients (9 per cent) had had prior cholecystectomies.
      The distribution of colonic cancers in these patients was identical to that in
      noncholecystectomized patients. To obtain a prospective view, 249 patients
      undergoing cholecystectomy between 1958 and 1960 were followed up to 1980. A
      cancer of the sigmoid colon or rectum occurred in four patients, three to 22
      years after cholecystectomy. No patient was readmitted with a carcinoma of the
      proximal colon. These data fail to support a relationship between cholecystectomy
      and the subsequent development of a cancer of the cecum or ascending colon.

PMID- 6825519
TI  - Local excision of cancer of the rectum.
AB  - Local excision of rectal cancer can be a part of treatment of this tumor. The
      authors do not feel that this procedure is only palliative. Clinical staging I
      and II, tumor diameter less than 3 cm, malignancy grade 1 or 2, invasion no
      deeper than the submucosa, and no signet-cell carcinoma are all requisites for
      limited, local excision of rectal carcinoma. Patients operated upon under these
      criteria have a five-year survival rate of 89.6 +/- 21.7 per cent for those with
      invasion into the submucosa and 78 +/- 49.9 per cent for those with invasion into
      the muscularis propria. But to get such good results, strict self control must be
      exercised in selecting patients.

PMID- 6825518
TI  - Colocolostomy and coloproctostomy utilizing the circular intraluminal stapling
      devices.
AB  - Coloproctostomy or colocolostomy by peranal insertion of a circular stapling
      device was performed on 265 patients between January 1978, and June 1981. A low
      anterior resection was performed in 174 patients. Stapler-related technical
      complications occurred in 52 patients (20 per cent). Complementary transverse
      colostomies were performed in 11 patients, of which seven were performed on the
      first 30 patients. Intraoperative complications occurred in 18 patients (7 per
      cent). Twenty-six major postoperative complications occurred (10 per cent), and
      clinical anastomotic leaks occurred in eight patients (3 per cent). Four
      postoperative deaths occurred (1.5 per cent). This study concludes that (1)
      coloproctostomy or colocolostomy can be safely performed by transanal insertion
      of a circular stapling device, (2) these instruments allow a sphincter-preserving
      procedure to be performed for lesions in the low and midrectum (5 to 10 cm from
      the anal verge) with an acceptable early morbidity and mortality, and (3) the
      majority of stapler-related technical complications can be managed without
      protecting colostomy.

PMID- 6825520
TI  - Fistula-in-ano. A manometric study.
AB  - The functional outcome of fistula surgery can be quantitated by anal manometry. A
      closed, water-filled microballoon (0.5 X 1.0 cm) system was used to measure
      resting anal pressure and maximal squeeze pressure in 47 patients with anal
      fistulas at St. Mark's Hospital. After treatment of intersphincteric fistulas,
      there was a significant reduction in resting pressure in the distal 2 cm. In
      treated transphincteric fistulas and suprasphincteric fistulas, anal pressure was
      reduced in the distal 3 cm. A significant lower pressure was measured in patients
      having the external sphincter divided, compared with those having the muscle
      preserved. Disturbance of continence was related to abnormally low resting
      pressure in six patients. This study supports attempts at sphincter preservation
      in fistula surgery.

PMID- 6825521
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum and Crohn's disease. Eight cases and a review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6825522
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy--the Monroe Clinic experience. A prospective
      study of 5000 examinations.
AB  - Analysis of 5000 consecutive flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopies form the basis
      of this report. It is concluded that this method of examination of the distal
      large bowel is not only safe and comfortable for the patient but is a more
      appropriate examination than the rigid proctosigmoidoscopy because of the
      significant increase in pathologic material found. This examination has proven
      practical and acceptable in a multispecialty clinic setting and has completely
      replaced rigid proctosigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is now the standard
      "routine" examination of the rectum and distal colon. The rationale for this
      conclusion is presented in this timely report.

PMID- 6825523
TI  - Thrombosis of peripheral aneurysms. A complication of colorectal surgery.
AB  - Colorectal surgery performed with patients in the lithotomy position resulted in
      acute limb ischemia due to thrombosis of unrecognized peripheral aneurysms. A
      search of the literature failed to find this complication reported. It is
      postulated that the mechanism of injury is due to calf compression in the
      lithotomy position and/or external iliac artery compression by a retractor.
      Awareness of the peripheral aneurysm prior to colorectal surgery and appropriate
      modification of the operative approach should prevent this complication.

PMID- 6825524
TI  - Sexual concerns in the patient with an ileostomy.

PMID- 6825525
TI  - The remaining colon after radical surgery for colorectal cancer. The first three
      years of a prospective study.
AB  - This study investigates the possible gain and limitation by performing
      colonoscopy and double-contrast enema immediately after, and every six months
      after, radical surgery for colorectal cancer. It was possible to perform a
      complete colonoscopy within three months of surgery in 80 per cent of the 239
      patients and at the follow-up time in 90 per cent. Incompleteness was related to
      insufficient bowel preparation, narrow anastomosis, and long transverse colon.
      Five patients had synchronous cancers, and 64 had adenomas at the time of
      surgery. The risk of recurrent adenomas in the latter was higher (17/64) than in
      those without adenomas (15/175). The adenomas were located above the rectum in 57
      of 80 patients who had polypectomy. Four patients with metachronous cancer and
      one of five patients with local recurrence had another radical operation, while
      this was possible in none of 40 patients with recurrence diagnosed by other means
      than colonoscopy and enema. Radical colorectal surgery should be followed by
      colonoscopy and double-contrast enema, but how often and for how long remains to
      be established.

PMID- 6825526
TI  - Crohn's disease in the elderly.
AB  - Surgical procedures for Crohn's disease of the small intestine, colon, or rectum
      were performed in 25 patients who were 65 years of age or older. In elderly
      patients with primarily small-bowel disease, good results were obtained uniformly
      by ileal resection and primary intestinal anastomosis. In 15 patients, Crohn's
      disease involved primarily the large intestine. Subtotal abdominal colectomy with
      end ileostomy restored health and permitted weight gain in six patients, although
      three required subsequent proctosigmoidectomy for recurrent rectal symptoms
      (average interval--18 months). Four patients underwent one-stage proctocolectomy,
      with one postoperative death and delayed healing of the perineal wound in the
      three survivors. Major complications frequently followed surgical procedures for
      suspected sigmoid diverticulitis in elderly patients with unrecognized Crohn's
      disease of the colon.

PMID- 6825527
TI  - Primary plasmacytomas of the colon.
AB  - Primary plasmacytomas of the colon are very rare. Six documented cases have been
      reported, and this article reports the seventh case. Plasmacytomas should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of a solitary tumor of the colon. They
      have a better prognosis than carcinomas and secondary plasmacytomas.

PMID- 6825528
TI  - Squamous-cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 6825530
TI  - An operative proctoscope for foreign-body extraction.

PMID- 6825529
TI  - Self-assessment quiz: diagnosis and treatment of recurrent pelvic neoplasms.

PMID- 6825531
TI  - Technique for totally diverting loop transverse colostomy.

PMID- 6825532
TI  - Abnormalities in pancreatic secretory profiles of patients with cancer of the
      pancreas.
AB  - Pancreatic secretory profiles for 11 pancreatic enzymes and proteins were
      established in nine patients with cancer of the pancreas by analysis of minute-to
      minute collections of pure pancreatic juice after sequential administration of
      secretin and cholecystokinin. Aspiration of pancreatic fluid sufficient for this
      study was successful in less than one quarter of the patients investigated
      because of ductal obstruction and/or the effect of the disease on pancreatic
      exocrine function. Flow rates in patients generally were lower than in healthy
      individuals, and secretion of total protein, trypsin inhibitor, and activity of
      digestive enzymes were in the lowest part of or below the normal range. Normal
      flow rates in four patients precluded ductal obstruction as the sole cause of
      impaired enzyme secretion. Activity of lysosomal hydrolases in pancreatic juice
      of these patients, in contrast to that of digestive enzymes, remained within or
      rose above the normal range. The tumor appeared to have a diametrically opposite
      effect on the two different groups of enzymes. This is illustrated most
      dramatically in the form of ratios of lysosomal to digestive enzymes. Virtually
      all of 10 such ratios were far above the normal average in all patients, and none
      was below. In an analogous investigation of 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis
      only three exhibited the ratio pattern characteristic of pancreatic cancer
      patients. Pancreatic secretory profiles appear to be capable of discriminating
      between cancer of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis in a high percentage of
      cases. Extension and refinement of this approach may facilitate early detection
      of cancer of the pancreas.

PMID- 6825533
TI  - Pulmonary complications in fatal acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
AB  - Morphological changes of the lung occur frequently in fatal acute hemorrhagic
      pancreatitis. The pulmonary alterations are independent of mechanical ventilation
      and therefore not due to iatrogenic damage caused by high inspired oxygen
      concentrations. The histological findings are similar to those seen in the so
      called shock lung syndrome. The pulmonary lesion develops progressively and three
      stages can be separated: early, late, and final phase. The pulmonary
      complications in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis may be explained by the release
      of mediators such as pancreatic enzymes or free fatty acids into the blood
      stream. In acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis a close monitoring for shock parameters
      is necessary. A fall in arterial PO2 is an early indication for mechanical
      ventilation, including positive end-expiratory pressure.

PMID- 6825534
TI  - Diagnostic value of serum bile acids and routine liver function tests in
      hepatobiliary diseases. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value.
AB  - Total serum bile acids measured by enzymatic fluorometry and routine liver
      function tests were determined in a large population including 97 healthy
      subjects, 138 patients free of hepatobiliary diseases but affected by other
      diseases, and 344 patients with mild or severe hepatobiliary diseases. In order
      to define the diagnostic value and some operational characteristics of serum bile
      acids, sensitivity, specificity, and several predictive value tables for
      increasing cutoff levels of serum bile acids were calculated by means of a
      computer program. Serum bile acids and aspartate aminotransferase were found to
      be similar in sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Serum aspartate
      aminotransferase was found to be more suitable than serum bile acids in detecting
      mild hepatobiliary diseases, whereas serum bile acids were more sensitive than
      routine liver tests in the evaluation of severe hepatobiliary diseases. In view
      of its ability to detect severe hepatobiliary diseases, serum bile acids test may
      play a decisive role in clinical practice (eg, decision to perform a liver
      biopsy).

PMID- 6825535
TI  - Endogenous bile acid tolerance test for liver function.
AB  - Fasting and postprandial (stimulated) serum conjugated bile acids (CBA) were
      measured by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 329 patients undergoing liver
      biopsy, and the results were analyzed for 231 who fitted into 10 diagnostic
      categories. In healthy volunteers the mean fasting CBA of 1.8 +/- 0.7 mumol/liter
      rose to 3.0 +/- 0.8 mumol/liter postprandially. In patients mean fasting and
      stimulated CBA were only significantly raised in moderate to severe chronic and
      acute liver disease. Diagnostic sensitivity was poor in mild liver disease.
      Individuals with normal results were found in 8 of 11 disease categories. The
      ratio of stimulated to fasting CBA expressed in a stimulation quotient did not
      rise in more advanced liver disease. These findings are best explained by a
      constant fractional clearance of bile acids by the liver. We conclude that the
      serum conjugated bile acid determination as a test of liver cell function is not
      sensitive enough to identify all cases of biopsy-proven liver disease.

PMID- 6825536
TI  - Effect of inflammatory bowel disease on absorption and disposition of
      prednisolone.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of prednisolone after doses of oral
      prednisone and intravenous prednisolone were determined in seven patients
      receiving corticosteroids for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in active
      disease and remission. Prednisone absorption and conversion to the active form of
      prednisolone was complete in both disease phases. Pharmacokinetic parameters for
      total and free (unbound) prednisolone did not differ significantly between
      disease phases. Differences in protein binding were observed between active
      disease and remission with the fractional binding of prednisolone to plasma
      proteins decreased in active disease. This may be accounted for by decreased
      plasma albumin concentrations in active disease. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein
      concentrations were significantly higher in active disease but did not contribute
      to the overall binding of prednisolone.

PMID- 6825538
TI  - Rheumatoid vasculitis of the colon presenting as pancolitis.
AB  - This report describes a patient with pancolitis resulting from rheumatoid
      vasculitis. Corticosteroid treatment reduced colonic inflammation but colectomy
      was required to control hemorrhage. The case illustrates the need to recognize
      colitis as a manifestation of rheumatoid vasculitis so that new treatment
      modalities may be employed to achieve a more successful medical management. The
      appearance of discrete colonic ulcerations following corticosteroid treatment of
      pancolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis should further suggest the
      diagnosis of intestinal vasculitis.

PMID- 6825539
TI  - Gastric secretion after resection.

PMID- 6825537
TI  - Pill-induced esophageal injury. Case reports and review of the medical
      literature.
AB  - We report four cases of esophageal injury associated with the ingestion of
      commonly prescribed tablets or capsules. History and clinical characteristics of
      these cases suggest that the medications failed to transit the esophagus and
      acted locally to produce esophagitis. A search of English- and foreign-language
      medical journals documented 221 similar cases due to 26 different types of
      medication. While most of these esophageal injuries are self-limited and produce
      no morbidity beyond transient retrosternal pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia,
      major complications have occurred, such as mediastinal penetration, hemorrhage,
      and death. Patients should be counseled to take pills in an upright posture with
      liberal amounts of fluid well before retiring for the night.

PMID- 6825540
TI  - Pain reduction by an oral pancreatic enzyme preparation in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - In a double-blind study on 19 patients with the diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatitis, the effects of treatment with a granulated pancreatic enzyme
      preparation (Pankreon) were compared with those of placebo administration. One
      week of treatment with each preparation was preceded by one week without any
      medication. The patients kept daily records of their symptoms, plotting the
      severity of pain on an analog scale. Weekly assessments of the mean pain level
      were also made by an examiner questioning the patients. Recordings of body
      weights and pancreas and liver laboratory tests were done weekly. Fifteen of 19
      patients noted less pain during the week of treatment with pancreatic enzymes as
      compared to that of placebo treatment (P less than 0.05). The average reduction
      of pain, as calculated for all patients, was 30% as evaluated by both patients (P
      less than 0.01) and the examiner (P less than 0.05). No differences were found in
      other parameters examined. A possible explanation of the findings could be an
      effect on the intraductal pressure by intraluminal trypsin.

PMID- 6825541
TI  - Hepatobiliary tuberculosis.
AB  - Tuberculous involvement of the liver as part of generalized military tuberculosis
      is well known. It is said to be found in 50-80% of all cases dying from pulmonary
      tuberculosis (1). However, localized tuberculosis of the liver as a clinical
      entity and producing large nodules or abscesses have been considered exceedingly
      rare, even in areas where tuberculosis is relatively common. Leader (2), in an
      extensive review of the world literature in 1952, documented only 80 cases of
      hepatic tuberculosis with large abscesses or nodules. Other publications deal
      with localized tuberculous involvement of the hepatobiliary tract in isolated
      case reports (1-8). In order to learn more about the clinical manifestation and
      course of this disease, we therefore prospectively evaluated our total experience
      on hepatobiliary tuberculosis during the last two decades of our practice.

PMID- 6825542
TI  - Chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol.
AB  - Fifteen heavy drinkers with the histological features of chronic hepatitis were
      studied. Chronic hepatitis observed in heavy drinkers can be divided into two
      categories. One is caused by alcohol, and the other is not etiologically related
      to alcohol. Chronic hepatitis caused by alcohol showed a definite improvement of
      clinical features following abstinence, as well as significantly high serum
      GOT/GPT ratios and high glutamate dehydrogenase activities on admission. These
      clinical features are distinctly different from chronic hepatitis without
      etiological relation to alcohol and resemble the other types of alcoholic liver
      injury. The leukocyte migration inhibition test by ethanol was more frequently
      positive in chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol than in the other types of
      alcoholic liver injury except for alcoholic hepatitis. Histological
      characteristics of the liver in chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol included the
      coexistence of features of both chronic hepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis. Three
      of four cases of chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol developed cirrhosis during
      the follow-up period. These results suggest that chronic hepatitis induced by
      alcohol is a type of alcoholic liver disease with an immunopathological etiology.
      It is a step toward the development of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 6825544
TI  - Motilin regulation of canine interdigestive intestinal motility.
AB  - The objective was to determine whether motilin regulates cyclical interdigestive
      motility in the jejunum as well as in the duodenum. In four conscious dogs with
      an intact innervated duodenum, an autotransplanted (extrinsically denervated) 75
      cm loop of proximal jejunum, and an autotransplanted, in situ distal jejunum,
      interdigestive myoelectrical complexes cycled independently in all three regions
      of small bowel. Plasma concentration of motilin was greater during phase III of
      the duodenal cycles (304 +/- 37 pg/ml) than during phase I (235 +/- 37 pg/ml) or
      phase II (235 +/- 39 pg/ml; P less than 0.05), but the concentration did not vary
      consistently with the phases of the cycles in the autotransplanted jejunal
      segments. Intravenous infusions of motilin (0.6 microgram/kg/min for 5 hr), begun
      15-30 min after passage of phase III through the duodenum, shortened the interval
      between phase IIIs in the duodenum from 147 +/- 14 min before infusions to 44 +/-
      3 min during the infusions (P less than 0.05), but did not alter consistently the
      interval between phase IIIs in the autotransplanted jejunal segments. Feeding
      decreased plasma motilin concentration. The data were consistent with motilin
      regulation of interdigestive motility in intact, innervated canine duodenum but
      not in extrinsically denervated jejunum.

PMID- 6825543
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      chemotaxis, adhesion, and electrophoretic mobility were altered in inflammatory
      bowel disease and whether such alterations could be related to prior ingestion of
      immune complexes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with ulcerative
      colitis and Crohn's disease showed significantly impaired stimulated migration (P
      less than 0.05), increased adhesiveness (P less than 0.01 in ulcerative colitis,
      P less than 0.001 in Crohn's disease), and reduced electrophoretic mobility (P
      less than 0.02 in ulcerative colitis, P less than 0.001 in Crohn's disease)
      compared with healthy controls. The disease control of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis demonstrated reduced stimulated migration (P less than 0.025) but
      normal adhesion. Preincubating normal cells in inflammatory bowel disease sera
      suggested that the altered migration and adhesion were due to circulating serum
      factors. Circulating immune complexes, detected by the C1q PEG binding assay,
      were present in 12.5% of patients with ulcerative colitis and 30% with Crohn's
      disease. Direct immunofluorescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggested
      binding and/or ingestion of complexes in 57% of patients with ulcerative colitis,
      and 67% with Crohn's disease. There was a direct correlation between positive
      immunofluorescence and impaired cell migration in ulcerative colitis (P less than
      0.05), but no such relationship was found in the other parameters of polymorph
      function.

PMID- 6825545
TI  - Morphologic and functional adaptations of large bowel after small-bowel resection
      in the rat.
AB  - Seventy percent small bowel was resected in rats. Two and four weeks later
      transport of sodium, chloride, and water was examined in cecum and more distal
      large bowel (colon) using a well-established in vivo luminal perfusion technique.
      Sham-operated and unoperated rats served as controls. In cecum mucosa grew 29% by
      two weeks after resection but transport remained unchanged. There were no further
      adaptive changes by four weeks after resection. Unexpectedly, cecum of all rats
      secreted water and electrolytes. The mechanism remains unclear. In colon there
      were no adaptive changes by two weeks after resection but by four weeks colon
      mucosa increased 14% and luminal absorption increased proportionately. Separate
      studies showed hexose transport could not be induced in cecum or colon, although
      we have previously demonstrated its induction in contiguous remnant ileum.

PMID- 6825546
TI  - Effects of bombesin, calcitonin, and enkephalin on canine jejunal water and
      electrolyte transport.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of the peptides bombesin,
      calcitonin, and enkephalin on net jejunal water and electrolyte fluxes using the
      triple-lumen gut perfusion technique in conscious dogs. Intestinal transport was
      measured during intravenous infusions of bombesin (1 microgram/kg/hr, 8 studies),
      or calcitonin (3 micrograms/kg/hr, 5 studies), or methionine enkephalin (20
      micrograms/kg/hr, 6 studies); each dog was used as its own control with infusion
      of 150 mmol/liter NaCl preceding and succeeding each peptide infusion. Net water
      absorption was reduced from a control value of 17 +/- 4.18 to 7 +/- 1.79
      microliter/cm/min by bombesin (P less than 0.05) and increased from a control
      value of 15 +/- 3.95 to 29 +/- 5.58 microliters/cm/min by enkephalin (P less than
      0.05). Bombesin reduced net sodium and chloride absorption, while enkephalin
      increased net absorption of sodium and bicarbonate. Calcitonin did not have any
      detectable effect in the dose used in this study in dogs. We conclude that
      bombesin and enkephalin can effect the transport of water and electrolytes in the
      canine jejunum.

PMID- 6825547
TI  - Achalasia secondary to carcinoma of prostate.

PMID- 6825548
TI  - Computed tomography abnormalities in hepatic infarction.

PMID- 6825549
TI  - Circulating trypsin.

PMID- 6825550
TI  - [Calorimetric study of the conformational transformations of bacteriophage T4].

PMID- 6825551
TI  - [Detection of sharp changes in the surface potential of lipid layers during their
      phase transition].

PMID- 6825552
TI  - [Vitamin A-dependent zinc-binding protein in the intestinal epithelium of
      chicks].

PMID- 6825554
TI  - Prediction of maintenance warfarin dosage from initial patient response.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the reliability of two methods of
      predicting maintenance warfarin dosage. Fifty-nine patients were studied using
      Method 1 and 44 using Method 2. Both methods produced a statistically significant
      correlation between predicted and actual dose for the two populations. However,
      actual vs. predicted doses for individual patients were significantly different.
      Method 1 predicted a dose within +/- 2.5 mg/d of actual dose in only 40.7 percent
      of patients. With Method 2, the corresponding value was 56.8 percent. Although
      the linear regression was statistically significant in our population, many
      patients would have excessive or subtherapeutic dosage predictions.

PMID- 6825553
TI  - [Splenic protein forming a gel with actin].

PMID- 6825555
TI  - Evaluation of hypertensive therapy in a skilled nursing facility.
AB  - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly has recently received increased
      attention. Both systolic and systolic plus diastolic hypertension are risk
      factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients older than
      age 65, but the value of antihypertensive therapy in reducing morbidity and
      mortality has not been adequately studied. The authors evaluated the
      appropriateness of antihypertensive therapy prescribed for elderly patients in a
      skilled nursing home and determined the effect reductions in antihypertensive
      therapy had upon the function and mental status of these patients. Of the 120
      patients surveyed, 26.7 percent were found to have a diagnosis of hypertension,
      and 1/3 of these patients were not receiving any medications at the time of the
      study. Assessment of the remaining treated patients resulted in a recommendation
      to alter therapy in 43 percent of the cases. Results from this study suggest that
      periodic assessment of antihypertensive therapy in long-term care facilities
      should be considered.

PMID- 6825556
TI  - Colistin and ototoxicity.

PMID- 6825557
TI  - Comment on monitoring aminoglycoside serum levels.

PMID- 6825558
TI  - Readability testing of auxiliary labels.
AB  - Using a word familiarity index, we studied pharmacy auxiliary labels and selected
      brief information sheets to determine the reading difficulty of these forms of
      written communication, which cannot be evaluated by traditional readability
      testing methods. Results of the study show that 11.2 percent of the 110 words
      selected from these information sources are above the eighth-grade reading level.
      The word familiarity index also identified multiple meanings of words and appears
      to be a valuable tool for evaluating written information that is not suitable for
      traditional readability testing.

PMID- 6825559
TI  - Zomepirac-related acute renal failure.
AB  - A case of acute renal failure in a chronic acetaminophen abuser receiving
      concurrent zomepirac therapy is reported. Zomepirac may have enhanced the
      negative effects of acetaminophen on renal medullary blood flow, so that the two
      drugs together were more likely to cause renal failure than either drug alone.

PMID- 6825560
TI  - Cholestyramine resin in the treatment of digitoxin toxicity.

PMID- 6825561
TI  - Theophylline toxicity--a consequence of congestive heart failure.
AB  - A case is reported of an elderly patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), who
      was treated with juvenile oral doses of theophylline (Theo-Dur). The patient
      experienced toxic symptoms, and plasma concentrations were determined. A value of
      60.6 micrograms/ml was reported and the theophylline administration was
      subsequently discontinued. Plasma concentrations and toxicity of theophylline are
      unpredictable in patients with CHF because of the great variability in clearance.
      This case demonstrates the necessity for careful monitoring of theophylline
      plasma levels in CHF patients.

PMID- 6825562
TI  - Cimetidine potentiation of narcotic action.

PMID- 6825563
TI  - Early reports on drug interactions.
AB  - Letters in correspondence columns or brief reports in medical journals are an
      essential part of an early warning system, and they are invaluable in alerting
      clinicians and clinical pharmacists to associations between drugs and their
      reactions. A survey of the literature during the first half of 1982 has
      identified a number of these early reports; some are purely anecdotal, others may
      be coincidental, but all serve to warn the practitioner of potential hazard.
      Brief information on the following reports of drug-drug interactions is given in
      this article with the intention of giving these reports wider publicity and,
      possibly, encouraging further observation and research to establish or disprove
      their validity in a larger and wider range of patients or volunteer subjects. The
      following interactions are reviewed: amiodarone-quinidine, lidocaine-prenylamine,
      erythromycin-carbamazepine, azapropazone-phenytoin, chlordiazepoxide-levodopa,
      gentamicin-furosemide, ethanol-aspirin, acetaminophen-coumarin anticoagulant, and
      cimetidine-lidocaine.

PMID- 6825564
TI  - Perspectives on digoxin absorption from small bowel resections.
AB  - Digoxin is a commonly prescribed medication for a variety of cardiovascular
      abnormalities. The therapeutic index of digoxin is considered narrow and drug is
      absorbed predominantly from the duodenum and upper jejunum. When the small
      intestine is intact, the absorption can vary; therefore, in the case of a small
      bowel resection or bypass, this erratic absorption may be accentuated. There is
      some controversy concerning the effect of small bowel resection or bypass on the
      absorption of digoxin. Some investigators have shown that small bowel resection
      or bypass decreases the absorption of oral digoxin, whereas others report no
      change in absorption. When the study methodologies were evaluated, certain common
      factors that support each view were found. In most studies reporting
      malabsorption, a solid dosage form of digoxin was used. Studies reporting no
      change in absorption investigated a solution dosage form.

PMID- 6825565
TI  - Recurrence of intravenous-diazepam-induced phlebitis from oral diazepam.
AB  - A patient who developed phlebitis from the intravenous administration of diazepam
      is described. This episode resolved in two days after treatment with moist heat
      packs. Three days after complete resolution, the phlebitis recurred approximately
      eight hours after a single oral dose of diazepam. This recurrence of phlebitis
      resolved slowly over seven days, with warm soaking and aspirin therapy. Oral
      diazepam may have exacerbated the initial phlebitis by interfering with a
      subclinical healing process.

PMID- 6825566
TI  - Cimetidine-associated thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A case of thrombocytopenia associated with cimetidine administration in a 65-year
      old white female with recurrent adenocarcinoma is reported. Her platelet count
      fell from 273 000/mm3 to 35 000/mm3 after cimetidine therapy was started. Upon
      discontinuation of cimetidine, the platelet count increased to 164 000/mm3. Later
      in her hospital course, the patient again received cimetidine and her platelet
      count fell to 37 000/mm3. The patient was never leukopenic during her
      hospitalization. This is the only reported case of thrombocytopenia in the
      absence of leukopenia that is documented by a rechallenge with cimetidine.

PMID- 6825567
TI  - A suspected case of codeine-induced erythema multiforme.
AB  - Erythema multiforme usually presents as an acute inflammatory reaction involving
      the skin and mucous membranes. Systemic symptoms and organ involvement also can
      occur. The disease is associated with many illnesses and drugs. A two-year-old
      child presented to the Family Practice Center with a probable codeine-induced
      episode of erythema multiforme. The patient had been treated with Actifed-C
      Expectorant for a suspected viral upper respiratory tract infection. The rash was
      characteristic of erythema multiforme, but there was no involvement of mucous
      membranes. The rash quickly abated after the discontinuation of the drug and the
      administration of hydroxyzine. A viral cause for the rash could not be ruled out.
      When erythema multiforme is precipitated by a particular drug, discontinuation of
      the offending agent is necessary. The rash should disappear quickly. Adjunctive
      use of antihistamines may offer some benefit for the patient. Systemic
      corticosteroids may be necessary for more severe cases.

PMID- 6825568
TI  - Creatinine clearance and urine flow.

PMID- 6825569
TI  - Neurotoxicity with amoxapine overdose: a more reasonable perspective.

PMID- 6825570
TI  - Note on interactions involving theophylline kinetics.

PMID- 6825571
TI  - Choline theophyllinate every eight hours.

PMID- 6825572
TI  - Pharmacists' perceptions of geriatric pharmacy practice.
AB  - Four hundred thirty-two pharmacists from two separate pharmacy organizations
      associated with geriatric practice were surveyed to determine their perceptions
      of 51 content areas in terms of their importance for inclusion in pharmacy
      curricula. The population surveyed was also asked to respond to the question:
      What do you believe is the most difficult aspect of geriatric pharmacy practice?
      Demographic and descriptive information was collected for each respondent, for
      statistical purposes. The most important content areas for inclusion in pharmacy
      curricula were the pharmacist's responsibility in long-term care, patient
      compliance, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and psychotropic
      medication use. The most difficult aspects of geriatric pharmacy practice
      identified included inadequate geriatric knowledge, patient compliance, physician
      overprescribing, communication with the elderly, and lack of professional and/or
      financial recognition.

PMID- 6825573
TI  - Drugs to relieve spasticity.

PMID- 6825574
TI  - Isoconazole--a topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 6825575
TI  - Drugs which can be given to nursing mothers.

PMID- 6825576
TI  - [Value of echocardiography in the preoperative diagnosis of acute bacterial
      endocarditis].
AB  - Open-heart surgery was performed in 26 of 56 patients with acute bacterial
      endocarditis seen in three years. Non-controllable infection, cardiac failure or
      embolism were the indications for operation. In all instances pre-operative
      invasive angiographic diagnosis was dispensed with, indications being based
      entirely upon clinical findings plus the results of M-mode or cross-sectional
      echocardiography. In 22 of the 26 patients the pre-operative echocardiographic
      diagnosis coincided with the intra-operative one. In the other four patients the
      pre-operative echocardiographic findings were incomplete, but no surgically
      important information had been missed.

PMID- 6825577
TI  - [Mechanical destruction of common bile duct calculi].
AB  - After endoscopic papillotomy freedom from stone in the choledochal duct can be
      achieved in about 90% of cases. Either there is a spontaneous passage of
      concrements or they can be extracted with a basket. But in 10% the stones are so
      large or are so disproportionate to the size of the distal choledochal duct, that
      they cannot be removed by conventional means. Mechanical lithotripsy is an easy
      and simply learned alternative to electro-hydraulic lithotripsy or intraductal
      gall-stone dissolution for non-surgical removal of large concrements. So far the
      method has been successful in 18 of 20 patients. Average size of the bile-duct
      concrements was 27.3 mm with a mean distal choledochal diameter of 10.4 mm. In
      four patients the stone fragments were passed spontaneously, in 14 they were
      removed either with the lithotripter itself or the basket. Mechanical lithotripsy
      is thus an important addition to the non-surgical treatment of gall-stones.

PMID- 6825578
TI  - [Serum level of digoxin and digitoxin and glomerular filtration rate in hyper-
      and hypothyroidism].
AB  - In a comparative prospective study the serum levels of digoxin and digitoxin and
      the glomerular filtration of the kidneys were determined radioimmunologically in
      thyroid function disorders using the endogenous creatinine clearance and the 51Cr
      EDTA clearance. Compared to a euthyroid control group 17 patients with
      hyperthyroidism showed a decreased and 5 patients with hypothyroidism showed a
      largely toxic digoxin level, both groups being on a maintenance therapy of 0.25
      mg digoxin b. i. d. During an oral maintenance therapy of daily 0.1 mg digitoxin
      unchanged therapeutic serum levels were found in 35 hyperthyroid and 18
      hypothyroid patients when compared to a euthyroid control group. Assessment of
      clearances showed that glomerular filtration rates were clearly increased in the
      hyperthyroid and lowered in the hypothyroid patients. Renewed assessment of the
      clearance in four hyperthyroid patients and three with hypothyroidism after
      thyroid recompensation showed a marked decrease of clearance values in
      hyperthyroidism and an increase in hypothyroidism. Increased clearance values in
      hyperthyroidism were associated with lowered digoxin serum levels. In contrast,
      lowered clearance values in hypothyroidism were accompanied by increased serum
      digoxin levels. There was no such association detectable for digitoxin.

PMID- 6825579
TI  - [Reactive leukemoid plasmacytosis with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia during
      streptokinase therapy].
AB  - Plasma cells are occasionally encountered in peripheral blood during fibrinolytic
      treatment with streptokinase. Leukaemoid plasmocytosis and increase of
      immunoglobulins were observed in a 44-year-old patient in connection with
      streptokinase treatment. Mature stages of plasma cells could be demonstrated in
      peripheral blood. The observed phenomena are considered as exaggerated immune
      response to foreign protein. They are of no disease value as they are only
      concomitant reactions to streptokinase treatment. Spontaneous regression
      occurred.

PMID- 6825581
TI  - [Civil legal and criminal legal responsibility of the consulting physician in
      acute life-threatening diseases in patients].

PMID- 6825580
TI  - [Changes in serum lipoproteins in kidney diseases. Clinical and pathogenetic
      aspects].

PMID- 6825582
TI  - [Ergotism in heparin-dihydroergotamine therapy].

PMID- 6825583
TI  - [Cardiac work capacity and training load in women with coronary heart disease].
AB  - Among 1178 patients the data of 11 women with early rehabilitation after cardiac
      infarction, 30 women with late rehabilitation after infarction and 40 women with
      coronary heart disease without cardiac infarction were assembled. The women were
      exercised according to their ergometric and microcatheter workload tolerance. The
      symptom-limited maximal Watt-load increased significantly in all three groups in
      patients with "normal cardiac function" and "abnormal ventricular function" from
      admission to discharge investigation. There was no increase of workload tolerance
      in women with exercise-induced cardiac insufficiency. The average ergometric
      training load was increased significantly in patients with "normal cardiac
      function" and "abnormal ventricular function" in all three groups during four
      weeks of treatment. There was no increase of training workload in patients with
      exercise-induced cardiac insufficiency. Symptom-limited maximal Watt-pulse values
      and average absolute training workload values of the three groups differed by a
      quarter to a third from the values of comparable male groups. The relative
      bodyweight-related Watt-exercise values showed no differences between females and
      males.

PMID- 6825584
TI  - [Endocrine orbitopathy. Results of therapy in patients with reference to new
      pathogenetic aspects].
AB  - Present available conservative methods of treatment were evaluated in 148
      patients with euthyroid endocrine ophthalmopathy. Levothyroxine was used as the
      basic drug in confirming normal thyroid function after goitre operation or radio
      iodine therapy. In addition, prednisone was used, at first in a massive single
      dose and then alternating daily. Retrobulbar X-radiation was additionally given
      to 21 patients. Besides, 47 patients also received a lymphokinetic drug (Venalot
      Depot) assuming the endocrine eye symptoms are manifestations of "local
      myxoedema". No single drug was found to be superior to any of the others but a
      combination can be successful as long as the period between manifestation of the
      eye symptoms and onset of treatment has not been more than two years.

PMID- 6825585
TI  - [Quantitative determination of skin sensitivity. Method and clinical
      application].
AB  - The usual assessment of sensitivity by hand is biased by many subjective criteria
      both from the investigator and the investigated. They can be largely excluded
      with a rapid and simple method by estimation of the lowest threshold of
      irritability and pain using electric high-frequency current. The extent of the
      deranged sensitivity can be expressed numerically in any skin area. As a result
      of the reproducibility such an assessment of sensibility is useful for clinical
      and diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 6825586
TI  - [Possibilities of fluorescence videomicroscopy in vascular diagnosis].

PMID- 6825587
TI  - [Leading decision of the federal court on the right of patients to inspect their
      medical records].

PMID- 6825588
TI  - [Mesangial IgA-glomerulonephritis].
AB  - IgA-glomerulonephritis represents the most frequent glomerulonephritis (GN; 20%)
      among our patients. In contrast to data from the literature the prognosis is not
      benign. Renal insufficiency developed in 17 out of 50 investigated patients
      within 4 to 96 months, 3 of these patients had to undergo dialysis. Eleven of the
      17 patients still had a normal renal function at the time of diagnosis. Malignant
      hypertension was present in 5 patients. An unfavourable course was predictable in
      cases of male gender, proteinuria, hypertension, age above 30 years, and
      histological changes indicating glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial
      fibrosis and vascular lesions. Increased serum IgA levels, circulating IgA
      complexes, association with certain HLA-B or -Dr antigens as well as clinical
      symptoms and signs of haematuria, dysuria and kidney pains were not helpful
      either for diagnosis or for prognosis. The value of skin biopsy was comparatively
      small. Positive IgA demonstration was possible in 12 out of 41 cases with IgA-GN,
      however, also in 4 out of 21 patients with non-IgA-GN. None of 50 probands
      without renal disease showed IgA. Five out of 7 skin biopsies demonstrated IgA2,
      one IgA1 and one both IgA1 and IgA2. Increased serum IgA levels were found in a
      high percentage (21 out of 38 patients). The same applied to circulating IgA
      complexes (8 out of 33 patients).

PMID- 6825590
TI  - [Peptic ulcer. Pathophysiological aspects of prepyloric stomach ulcer].
AB  - The secretory and motor function of the stomach and gastrin incretion were
      investigated in 68 patients with peptic ulcer of variable localization. In
      addition, a retrospective analysis of the course of prepyloric gastric ulcer and
      Billroth I resection was performed in 62 patients. Results show that gastric acid
      secretion and velocity of gastric emptying diminish significantly with increasing
      height of the localization of the ulcer. Prepyloric gastric ulcer cannot be
      likened to the duodenal ulcer. Moreover, experimental and clinical results
      suggest that prepyloric ulcer represents a disease entity per se requiring
      separate therapeutic approaches (gastric resection following Billroth I).

PMID- 6825589
TI  - [Emergency diagnosis of acute aortic insufficiency using one- and two-dimensional
      echocardiography].
AB  - Acute aortic valve insufficiency generally leads to an emergency situation
      followed by surgery. Using echocardiography pathological findings of the aortic
      valve or the ascending aorta leading to acute aortic insufficiency could be
      differentiated exactly and rapidly in 12 out of 13 cases. Dissecting aneurysms of
      the aorta and bacterial endocarditis were the most frequent causes (50 and 43%).
      Our results showed clear-cut superiority of combined use of one- and two
      dimensional echocardiography to M-mode techniques. Both methods complement each
      other with their advantages and disadvantages. With their help recognition of
      causes of aortic insufficiency is possible more rapidly, safer and with a higher
      sensitivity than with the M-mode method alone. Invasive diagnostics may thus
      become unnecessary in the appropriate cases.

PMID- 6825591
TI  - [Prevention and diagnosis of congenital syphilis from an immunological
      viewpoint].
AB  - Frequency of syphilitic infection among 5772 pregnant women in the Dusseldorf
      area was 0.4%. Of 91 mothers with a positive Treponema pallidum haemagglutination
      (TPHA) test, 23 required treatment. Congenital syphilis was found only in those
      children whose mothers were not known to have syphilis at the time of birth.
      Diagnosis of Treponema infection in the newborn can be made with certainty only
      if there is a positive IgM-antibody test. In the absence of Treponema pallidum
      specific serum IgM-antibodies in the newborn or if a positive IgM-test is not
      plausible, the suspected diagnosis can be confirmed or excluded only by serial
      post-partum tests of antibody kinetics. In TPHA the test reacting IgG-antibodies
      are eliminated in non-infected infants with a half-life of 20.5 days. Prolonged
      elimination half-life or persistence of positive TPHA titres confirms intra
      uterine or perinatal syphilitic infection.

PMID- 6825592
TI  - [Current state of chemosensitivity testing of tumors].

PMID- 6825593
TI  - [Ultrahigh streptokinase infusion treatment in peripheral vascular occlusions.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 6825594
TI  - [Contact-allergic cross-reactions of tromantadine and amantadine].

PMID- 6825595
TI  - [Botulism with extremely severe course caused by toxin type A].

PMID- 6825596
TI  - [Familial Mediterranean fever with amyloidosis. Recent pathogenetic and
      therapeutic aspects].
AB  - Familial Mediterranean fever was diagnosed in a 34-year-old Turkish patient with
      severe nephrotic oedema. Immunohistochemical classification of a biopsy specimen
      showed amyloidosis of the AA-type. There was a definite increase of serum amyloid
      A-protein (SAA). The typical recurrent fever, attacks of abdominal pain with
      symptoms of subileus and joint swelling could be treated successfully with
      colchicine, the oedema with diuretics. The progression of renal failure and
      proteinuria as indicator of the degree of amyloid-induced renal damage remained
      unaffected by this treatment. With dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) a marked improvement
      in renal function and a lowering of the SAA level could be achieved. Thus this
      treatment inhibits the progression of amyloidosis of the AA-type in Mediterranean
      fever and may be considered for other forms of AA-type amyloidoses. It is
      possible that the lowering of the SAA-serum concentration and the improvement of
      renal function is due to an antiphlogistic effect of DMSO, the mechanism of
      action of which is so far unknown.

PMID- 6825598
TI  - [Blood sugar in pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 6825597
TI  - [Combined nerve damage and drug-induced cutaneous embolism after faulty
      intragluteal injection].
AB  - Injection-induced palsy of the ischiatic nerve with concomitant damage of other
      peripheral nerves occurred in two patients following intramuscular injection in
      the upper outer quarter of the large gluteal muscle. In close chronological
      connection skin changes developed in both cases representing drug-induced
      cutaneous embolism, and in one case extensive muscular necrosis was observed. In
      both cases the cause may be assumed to be ischaemic neuropathy following embolic
      occlusion of the vasa nervorum as a result of accidental intraarterial injection.

PMID- 6825599
TI  - [Classification and nomenclature of malignant melanomas of the skin].

PMID- 6825600
TI  - [Gastric mucosa islands in the cervical esophagus. Their potential pathogenetic
      significance].
AB  - Islands of gastric mucosa were sought in non-selected in- and out-patients
      undergoing endoscopy. Mucosal islands were found in 40 patients (out of
      approximately 1000 oesopho-gastroduodenoscopies), mostly a few centimetres below
      the mouth of the oesophagus. Histology showed "pure" corpus mucosa in 24 cases, a
      combination of fundus glands (with zymogenic and parietal cells) and mucoid
      glands were shown in 9 cases; the rest had only mucoid glands (3 cases) or
      surface elements of gastric mucosa (two cases). In two cases the islands were
      missed in the biopsy. In one case the demonstration of HCl secretion from a
      corpus mucosal island could be achieved by local application of congo red via
      endoscope after stimulation with pentagastrin. The pathogenetic significance of
      HCl-producing gastric mucosal islands in the cervical oesophagus is due to their
      ability to induce peptic lesions with subsequent web or membrane formation.

PMID- 6825601
TI  - [Work prohibition for hepatitis antigen carriers?].

PMID- 6825602
TI  - [Legionnaire's disease in a domestic travel group].

PMID- 6825603
TI  - [Prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas as a cause of primary amenorrhea and
      their neurosurgical treatment].
AB  - Among 86 female patients with prolactin producing pituitary adenomas
      (prolactinomas) 5 were observed with primary amenorrhoea. These 5 females were
      aged between 30 and 33 years. Diagnosis leading to specific treatment was thus
      established only 16 to 19 years after failure of the expected menarche. Surgery
      revealed three microadenomas (diameter 6-10 mm) and two invasive macroadenomas
      (diameter 20 and 21 mm). After selective microsurgical removal of the adenomas
      spontaneous ovulation and menstruation occurred in two patients with
      microadenomas, in the third female it could be induced by bromocriptine treatment
      of the residual hyperprolactinaemia. Overall there were four successful
      pregnancies. In contrast, spontaneous menstruation did not occur in two females
      with macroadenomas due to persistent residual hyperprolactinaemia
      postoperatively. This remained true even after additional bromocriptine treatment
      which normalised the level of prolactin. These observations demonstrate the
      importance of early diagnosis of primary amenorrhoea caused by prolactinoma as in
      small adenomas selective surgical removal may result in fertility.

PMID- 6825605
TI  - [Indications for vitrectomy].

PMID- 6825604
TI  - [Bezafibrate and delayed action etofibrate in hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 6825606
TI  - [Preclinical hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6825607
TI  - [Intragastrically applied balloon for the treatment of obesity].

PMID- 6825608
TI  - [Calcifying liver metastases].

PMID- 6825609
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 6825610
TI  - [Survival and outcome after pacemaker implantation. Comparison of patients with
      sinus node syndrome, AV block and absolute bradyarrhythmia].
AB  - Survival chances of 2007 patients with pacemaker implantation were determined.
      For the group as a whole, five-year survival rate was 57%, ten-year survival rate
      35%. The prognosis was significantly better in patients with sick-sinus syndrome
      than those with AV block or brady-arrhythmias. Those with sick-sinus syndrome had
      an expectancy which was comparable to that of the (age and sex matched) normal
      population, while those with brady-arrhythmia had a significantly worse ten-year
      survival rate (24.7%) compared with a normal population (47.8%), P less than
      0.01. Since the survival rate in sick-sinus syndrome - with or without pacemaker 
      is not different to that of the normal population, improved quality of life by
      preventing symptoms should be balanced against the risk of pacemaker-produced
      complications when indications for pacemaker treatment are considered.

PMID- 6825611
TI  - [Stenosis endoscope. A new instrument for the diagnosis and therapy of stenoses
      in the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - A new type of endoscope combines the advantages of the narrow-calibre paediatric
      endoscopes and the stable-shaft regular endoscopes. This is achieved by reduction
      of the distal diameter from 13 mm to 9,5 mm with a conical transition between
      both parts. These characteristics make the instrument particularly suitable for
      the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stenoses (stenosis endoscope). At the same time
      the stenosis endoscope dilates as well as a metal olive or a rubber bougie. Thus
      dilatation of gastrointestinal stenoses is now possible beyond the reach of
      instruments used as bougie or for dilatation until now. The stenosis endoscope
      opens new possibilities of therapeutic endoscopy.

PMID- 6825612
TI  - [Diagnosis of psoriasis].

PMID- 6825613
TI  - [Therapy of psoriasis].

PMID- 6825614
TI  - Prostaglandins. Has the initial promise been realised?

PMID- 6825615
TI  - The fate of airborne polycyclic organic matter.
AB  - Biological tests have shown that a significant part of the mutagenicity of
      organic extracts of collected airborne particulate matter is not due to
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is possible that part of these unknown
      compounds are transformation products of PAH. This survey focuses on the reaction
      of PAH in the atmosphere with other copollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur
      oxides, ozone and free radicals and their reaction products. Photochemically
      induced reactions of PAH are also included. The reactivity of particle-associated
      PAH is discussed in relation to the chemical composition and the physical
      properties of the carrier. Recommendations for future work are given.

PMID- 6825616
TI  - Advantages of and problems with short-term mutagenicity tests for the assessment
      of mutagenic and carcinogenic risk.
AB  - The Salmonella microsomal assay has become an indispensible tool for the
      screening of mutagens and carcinogens, particularly when a large number of
      samples have to be tested, as in the present context for the screening of air
      pollution. However, for a more definite identification of potential carcinogens,
      a verification of the results from bacterial tests has to be performed with a
      battery of other tests, including point mutations and chromosomal aberrations in
      eukoaryotic systems. While there is a close qualitative correlation between the
      mutagenic and carcinogenic property of chemicals, a corresponding quantitative
      correlation between the mutagenic and carcinogenic potency is not always found.
      One reason for this lack of quantitative correlation presumably depends on the
      fact that cancer is induced in two steps, of which only the initiating, but not
      the promoting, step constitutes a mutational event, which is reflected by
      mutagenicity tests. Present mutagenicity tests have concentrated on discrete
      major mutations, while mutations of polygenes, acting on quantitative characters,
      have largely been omitted. Mutational data from Drosophila indicate, however,
      that polygenes mutate at a considerably higher rate than major genes and that
      they have a comparatively strong effect in heterozygous condition. It seems of
      great importance to develop appropriate methods to study induced mutations of
      polygenic systems and to get a better understanding of the properties of these
      genetic systems and an evaluation of the risk connected with induced mutations in
      polygenes.

PMID- 6825617
TI  - Mutagenicity in emissions from coal- and oil-fired boilers.
AB  - The mutagenicity of emission samples from three oil-fired and four coal-fired
      boilers have been compared by using the Salmonella/microsome assay. Very little
      or no mutagenic activity was observed in samples from five of these boilers. The
      sample from one oil-fired boiler showed mutagenic activity of about 500
      revertants/MJ, and the sample from a coal-fired fluidized bed combustor had an
      activity of 58,000 revertants/MJ measured with strain TA 98 in the absence of
      metabolic activation. All samples contained substances that were cytotoxic to the
      test bacteria, thus making it difficult to obtain linear dose-response curves.
      Mutagenic activity at low levels may remain undetected due to this toxicity of
      the samples. Samples with mutagenic activity below the detection limit in the
      Salmonella test have also been tested for forward mutations at the HGPRT locus in
      V79 hamster cells. Weak mutagenic effects were detected in two of the samples,
      whereas the sample from one oil-fired boiler remained negative. In this test, as
      well as in the Salmonella test, a strong cytotoxic effect could be observed with
      all samples.

PMID- 6825618
TI  - Mouse skin tumor initiation-promotion and complete carcinogenesis bioassays:
      mechanisms and biological activities of emission samples.
AB  - Extracts of soots obtained from various sources were applied to the skin of mice
      in an effort to identify carcinogens in these mixtures and to link these
      materials to the etiology of human cancer. Samples of coal chimney soot, coke
      oven materials, industrial carbon black, oil shale soot, and gasoline vehicle
      exhaust materials have been examined by this method. The studies reported here
      have been constructed to compare the carcinogenic and tumorigenic potency of
      extracts from various particulate emissions: coke ovens, diesel and gasoline
      vehicles and a roofing tar pot. Automobile emission samples were obtained by
      collecting the diluted and cooled exhaust on Teflon-coated glass fiber filters.
      Coke oven and roofing tar samples were particulate emission samples collected by
      impaction and filtration. The organic components associated with each of the
      particles were extracted with dichloromethane and dermally applied to SENCAR
      mice. All agents were applied as tumor initiators by using a five-dose protocol.
      Selected extracts were also applied as complete carcinogens and as tumor
      promotors. Statistical analyses of the resulting tumor data were performed by
      using nonlinear Poisson and probit models. The results from these experiments
      provide a suitable data base for comparative potency estimation of complex
      mixtures.

PMID- 6825619
TI  - Extrapolation of animal carcinogenicity data: limitations and pitfalls.
AB  - Laboratory-generated animal bioassay data often serve as the basis for estimating
      potential human cancer risk. However, there is no single procedure that has been
      universally accepted as the method of choice for extrapolating experimentally
      observed results to the low exposure levels that are generally of public health
      concern. All of the models proposed to date suffer from various limitations.
      Therefore, the most prudent approach may be to rely primarily on the more
      conservative procedures such as linear extrapolation until a better understanding
      of the biological mechanisms underlying the process of carcinogenesis is
      attained. In addition to the choice of an extrapolation model, there are a
      variety of other factors, such as the incorporation of background cancer rates,
      the potential for synergistic reactions, differential pharmacokinetic effects and
      differences in exposure regimen, that can have a significant bearing on the
      extrapolation of animal carcinogenicity data to man.

PMID- 6825620
TI  - 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.

PMID- 6825621
TI  - Transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during sampling.
AB  - Individual PAH are shown to undergo chemical transformation when exposed to gases
      such as NO2, O3 and SO3. The possibility of artifact formation during sampling in
      stacks and in ambient air is discussed. PAH on soot, formed in a smoke gas
      generator, and exposed to NO chi and SO chi in a thermostated oven were degraded
      as a result of the sampling technique. Addition of NO2 (1 ppm) or gaseous HNO3
      (120 ppb) during ambient air sampling caused degradation of individual PAH on
      particles and formation of the corresponding mononitro-PAH. Addition of 200 ppb
      O3 or 100 ppb gaseous HNO2 had no detectable effect. Thus, artifact formation can
      occur as a result of the presence of NO2, HNO3, or SO chi both in stack gas
      sampling and in sampling of PAH on particles in ambient air.

PMID- 6825622
TI  - Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal- and oil-fired
      power plants.
AB  - Emission samples were obtained from two medium-sized power plants, one fired with
      oil and the other with pulverized coal. Particles obtained by a miniscale plume
      stack gas sampler (MIPSGAS), simulating the dilution process in the plume, were
      subjected to detailed physical, chemical and biological characterization. Studies
      by scanning electron microscopy and by Coulter counter demonstrated that the
      particles from the oil-fired boiler were considerably larger than the particles
      from the coal-fired boiler. Chemical analyses revealed more organic substances
      and more S, Ni, V, in the oil than in the coal particles. The latter contained a
      larger proportion of Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Se, Rb, Y, Zr, Ba and Pb.
      Biological testing revealed a greater acute and subacute toxicity by the
      intratracheal route in the hamster, a greater toxicity to alveolar macrophages
      and a greater lung retention of BaP coated on the particles from oil combustion
      than on those from coal combustion. In another sampling line, employed
      simultaneously with the MIPSGAS-particulate sampler, the total emissions were
      collected, i.e., both particle and gas phase. These samples were used for
      chemical analyses and Ames mutagenicity test. Analyses of specific PAHs in
      emissions from both plants demonstrated that concentrations were below the
      detection limit (less than 4 ng/m3 of benzo(a)pyrene), which is in accord with an
      efficient combustion of the fuel. The mutagenicity of the samples were below the
      detection limit of the mutagenicity assay.

PMID- 6825624
TI  - Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of health effects in potentially affected
      populations.

PMID- 6825623
TI  - Introduction and overview.

PMID- 6825625
TI  - Possible contribution from epidemiological studies.
AB  - The problem of chemically contaminated water supplies are in general terms
      followed by a description of three examples of water supply problems in China. A
      large-scale prospective epidemiological study, now in the early planning stages,
      to be carried out in China is also described.

PMID- 6825627
TI  - Protocol for testing the toxicity of chemical mixtures.

PMID- 6825626
TI  - Public health consequences of heavy metals in dump sites.
AB  - Metals differ from most synthetic organic chemicals in that their clinical
      manifestations are well known and methods for their measurement in the body are
      generally well established. Since metals are ubiquitous, special care should be
      taken to identify the source, whether dump site or not. Isotopic ratios may be
      used for lead. Time of exposure may be highly variable so estimates will be
      necessary of integrated "dose-commitment." Transmission to man will follow many
      pathways. The contamination of children's hands and clothing by dust may be an
      important route. Because effects are so different, the chemical species (e.g.,
      organic versus inorganic forms) of each metal must be identified. Exposure
      assessment requires identification of suitable indicator media, usually blood in
      the case of lead, urine with cadmium and inorganic mercury, and blood or hair
      with regard to methylmercury. Human head hair may have considerable potential, as
      it may provide a recapitulation of past exposures. The first health complaints
      associated with most metals are usually nonspecific. The complex social,
      political, and legal issues strongly indicate the need for objective tests for
      health effects. Most important is the identification and measurement of the
      critical effect, i.e., an effect that alerts the public health authorities that
      further exposure should cease. For example, in the case of lead, the critical
      effect is hematologic; with cadmium it is the presence in urine of abnormally
      high concentration of small molecular weight protein; and with mercury no early
      objective test has yet been devised.

PMID- 6825628
TI  - General principles in the assessment of toxicity of chemical mixtures.

PMID- 6825629
TI  - Psychosocial impact of toxic chemical waste dumps.

PMID- 6825630
TI  - Legislative aspects of hazardous waste management.
AB  - In the fall of 1976 Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
      commonly referred to as RCRA. The objective of the statute is to create an
      orderly system for the generation, handling and disposal of hazardous waste by
      means of a comprehensive tracking and record keeping mechanism. RCRA does not
      regulate directly by statute so much as it delegates rule making authority to the
      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pursuant to its mandate to develop
      regulations in accordance with the broad criteria of RCRA, EPA has published
      extensive regulations. These regulations address hazardous waste generation,
      transportation, treatment, storage and handling and its final disposal. The
      statute also offers remedies available to both EPA and the public at large to
      ensure enforcement of the provisions of RCRA and the EPA regulations.
      Additionally, it sets guidelines for states to implement their own hazardous
      waste management programs. This article is intended to introduce this complicated
      statutory/regulatory package to scientists and health professionals. It outlines
      the provisions of RCRA and the EPA regulations, abbreviates early judicial
      decisions interpreting these provisions and sets forth a brief description of
      various state approaches to hazardous waste management.

PMID- 6825631
TI  - Problems and prospects in the utilization of cytogenetics to estimate exposure at
      toxic chemical waste dumps.

PMID- 6825632
TI  - New methods for detection of low levels of DNA damage in human populations.
AB  - The use of a postlabeling method to characterize and to detect infrequent base
      modifications in DNA is outlined. This method has the advantage that low levels
      of DNA modifications, approximately 1 modified base per 10(5) nucleotides, can be
      detected. Moreover, a broad spectrum of modification can be identified by using
      this methodology. The basis for the method involves transfer of a radioactive
      phosphate from the gamma position of ATP to the 5'-hydroxyl terminus of 3'
      phosphoryl nucleotides that are derived from modified DNA by appropriate nuclease
      digestion. The second method involves use of a defined DNA sequence within human
      cells. The alpha sequence is used as a probe for DNA damage to specific
      nucleotides. The alpha DNA sequence is reiterated approximately 300,000 times in
      the human genome and exists in tandem arrays. It comprises approximately 1% of
      the entire genome. The reiterated sequence is sufficiently homogeneous to permit
      its use as a probe for a site specific in DNA damage. Examples of the application
      of both of these methodologies to DNA damage inflicted in human cells by
      chemicals and ultraviolet light are provided.

PMID- 6825633
TI  - Field epidemiologic studies of populations exposed to waste dumps.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies are required for assessing health risks related to toxic
      waste exposure. Since the settings in which such studies must be performed are
      extremely diverse, epidemiologic approaches must be versatile. For any particular
      study, three fundamental requirements are to assess what toxic materials are
      present, understand how human exposure may occur, and objectively measure
      possible biologic effects. In assessing links between exposure and disease,
      epidemiologists must be particularly aware of: expected disease frequencies in
      relation to the size of populations studied, implications of long or varied
      disease latencies for study design and competing causes of disease and associated
      confounding variables. These concepts are illustrated by discussion of
      epidemiologic studies related to the Love Canal toxic waste dump site in Niagara
      Falls, NY.

PMID- 6825635
TI  - Methods for evaluating the effects of environmental chemicals on human sperm
      production.
AB  - Sperm tests provide a direct and effective way of identifying chemical agents
      that induce spermatogenic damage in man. Four human sperm tests are available:
      sperm count, motility, morphology (seminal cytology) and the Y-body test. These
      sperm tests have numerous advantages over other approaches for assessing
      spermatogenic damage, and they have already been used to assess the effects of at
      least 85 different occupational, environmental, and drug-related chemical
      exposures. When carefully controlled, seminal cytology appears to be
      statistically more sensitive than the other human sperm tests and should be
      considered an integral part of semen analysis when assessing induced
      spermatogenic damage. Human sperm studies have complex requirements and, before
      sampling, careful consideration should be given to exposure details, group size
      and makeup, as well as animal and human data that indicate spermatogenic effects.
      Several study designs are possible and should include questionnaires covering
      medical and reproductive histories as well as known confounding factors. Animal
      sperm tests, such as the mouse morphology test, may be used to identify the toxic
      components of a complex mixture. Animal tests may also help assess the chemical
      effects on fertility and reproductive outcome in cases when human data are
      incomplete. Further efforts are needed in these areas to develop improved human
      sperm tests sensitive to induced spermatogenic damage, to develop improved animal
      models of induced spermatogenic damage, to understand the relationships among
      sperm changes, fertility, and reproductive outcome, and to develop sperm tests
      with express mutational end points.

PMID- 6825636
TI  - Monitoring potential neurotoxic effects of hazardous waste disposal.
AB  - This report reviews neurotoxicological principles relevant to situations of
      hazardous waste disposal. Some of the diagnostic techniques currently used for
      field assessment of nervous system dysfunction are critically evaluated. These
      include nerve conduction velocity, evoked potentials, neuropsychological testing
      and use of the Optacon.

PMID- 6825637
TI  - Toxic wastes and kidney disease: research needs.

PMID- 6825634
TI  - Effects of toxic substances on female reproduction.
AB  - Successful reproduction requires a complex series of interdependent
      physiological, cellular and molecular events. In the female many of these
      interdependent events are vulnerable to interruption by xenobiotic compounds. The
      physiological steps in the female reproductive cycle are reviewed. Selected
      xenobiotics which interrupt this cycle are presented and their mechanisms and
      site of adverse effects are discussed. Finally, a more detailed discussion of
      chemically induced ovarian failure in the human and an experimental animal model
      system is presented.

PMID- 6825638
TI  - Determining exposure and biochemical effects in human population studies.

PMID- 6825639
TI  - Selected pesticide residues or metabolites in blood and urine specimens from a
      general population survey.
AB  - The National Center for Health Statistics collaborated with the National Human
      Monitoring Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in a four
      year study to assess the exposure of the general population to selected
      pesticides through analysis of blood serum and urine specimens. Specimens were
      collected on a national probability half sample of persons 12-74 years of age
      from 64 locations across the United States comprising the sample areas in the
      Second Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and analyzed for
      selected organochlorine, carbamate, chlorophenoxy and organophosphorus
      pesticides. Medical, nutritional and pesticide usage data are also available for
      each sample person. Preliminary results of the blood serum and urine analyses
      indicate that the general population is being exposed to some of these types of
      pesticides. Since 1970, EPA has conducted a national probability sampling of
      human adipose tissue. Specimens obtained on a survey design representative of the
      general population were analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides and toxic
      chemicals. Findings from the 1978 survey also indicate exposure of the general
      population to some of these chemicals. Medical data collected from both surveys
      have yielded no overt correlations between health effects and residue levels.
      More intensive statistical analyses are underway to investigate the possible
      existence of more subtle relationships.

PMID- 6825640
TI  - Monitoring breast milk contamination to detect hazards from waste disposal.
AB  - Human milk is a repository for certain classes of long-lived, fat-soluble
      environmental contaminant chemicals. Some members of this class, such as the
      chlorinated pesticides and the chlorinated biphenyls, can be expected to be
      present at chemical waste disposal sites. Analysis of samples of breast milk
      obtained from women near such a site could provide documentation that exposure
      has taken place. However, background contamination is present and must be dealt
      with by the collection of comparison samples. Sample collection can be difficult
      because of the low level of chemicals being sought, and thus the possibility of
      sample contamination. The diagnostic and public health consequences of
      contaminated breast milk are not clear at this time, and thus chemical analysis
      of milk should be carried out in a research setting. Despite these difficulties,
      breast milk monitoring has been a successful tool in certain investigations of
      the spread of environmental chemicals.

PMID- 6825641
TI  - Liver dysfunction in residents exposed to leachate from a toxic waste dump.
AB  - It has been estimated that there are some 30,000 chemical waste dumps in the
      United States. Many of these landfill operations were undertaken in the early
      1950s and 1960s, when knowledge regarding the safe and prolonged containment of
      the waste buried was nonexistent or minimal at best. As a result, many of these
      dump sites were located in areas that were geologically unsuitable for toxic
      chemical wastes. The Love Canal area in Niagara Falls, NY, is probably the best
      known of these dump sites. While a few of these sites have attracted wide media
      coverage, the availability of objective scientific information regarding the
      health effects of such sites has been deficient. The present study of a large
      toxic waste dump located in Hardeman County, TN, its contamination of surface and
      underground aquifers and the health effects on the area residents exposed via
      ingestion of contaminated water, offers the first objective evidence of organ
      dysfunction in such a human population. During this study comprehensive
      evaluation of that population revealed multiple symptoms, evidence of
      hepatomegaly and elevated liver function tests apparently caused by ingestion of
      water contaminated by numerous organic chemicals, many of which are known to be
      hepatotoxins.

PMID- 6825642
TI  - Epidemiologic approaches to persons with exposures to waste chemicals.
AB  - Evaluation of disease in populations exposed to hazardous waste dumps requires:
      documentation of the chemicals in a dump; assessment of the materials released
      from the dump into environmental media; tracing of the probable routes of human
      exposure (groundwater, air, direct contact, or occupational); development, when
      possible, of individual exposure estimates and/or direct biological assessment of
      absorption; precise definition of the subpopulations at highest risk of exposure;
      and the employment of specific and sensitive health outcome indicators.
      Demonstration of dose-response relationships between chemical exposure and
      disease provides the most compelling evidence for a chemical etiology of illness
      in exposed populations. Interpretation of apparently negative data must be
      cautious, given the small size of most high-risk populations and the usual
      brevity of exposures.

PMID- 6825643
TI  - Roles for epidemiology: the impact of environmental chemicals.
AB  - Aside from the well-recognized role of documenting the extent of any health
      impact from exposure to environmental chemicals, epidemiology has other potential
      roles. Arguing by analogy from the function of epidemiology in the infectious
      disease field, two practical public health functions are mentioned. The first is
      rumor abatement: simply characterizing the population exposed and documenting the
      frequency of salient complaints and providing this to the affected population, so
      as to separate fact from fiction. Another practical public health function is to
      review available data bases to document the number of individuals exposed to such
      chemicals and a review of gross trends by place and time to set public fears in
      proper perspective. There are important descriptive scientific functions as well,
      namely, to document any syndromes or symptom patterns which may be associated
      with chemical exposures and to document the natural history and progression of
      clinical and preclinical conditions associated with chemical exposures. The
      sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of tests for preclinical disease
      are discussed.

PMID- 6825645
TI  - Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes of peritoneal fluid.
AB  - Cells in the peritoneal fluid from 179 horses were examined in Giemsa stained
      preparations using light microscopy. Neutrophils were found in all samples
      whether transudative or exudative although their proportions varied enormously.
      They were well preserved in "normal" or sterile effusions and hardly differed
      morphologically from those seen on a peripheral blood film although
      hypersegmentation was commonly observed. In purulent effusions a reliable
      correlation was found between degenerative changes in neutrophils such as
      karyolysis and karyorrhexsis and the presence of toxin-producing microorganisms.
      On most occasions these degenerative changes enabled a confident judgement to be
      made as to whether the likelihood of a bacterial aetiology did or did not exist
      even in the absence of demonstrable microorganisms.

PMID- 6825644
TI  - Osteomyelitis in children.

PMID- 6825646
TI  - Review of 30 cases of peritonitis in the horse.
AB  - Thirty cases of peritonitis, in which the diagnosis was based on a peritoneal
      fluid white blood cell count in excess of 10 x 10(9)/litre, are described. Colic,
      ileus, pyrexia, weight loss and diarrhoea were common presenting signs.
      Treatments included intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory analgesics, broad
      spectrum antibiotics and anthelmintics. Duration of treatment was determined by
      the clinical condition of the horse and sequential analyses of the peritoneal
      fluid and the haemogram. In the majority of cases the primary cause of
      peritonitis was not accurately determined, but 21 horses (70 per cent) recovered.
      All the horses with diarrhoea were killed after marked deterioration in their
      clinical condition despite intensive treatment. No individual laboratory
      parameter was of value in determining prognosis, although of the eight (27 per
      cent) horses from which bacteria were identified in the initial peritoneal fluid
      by Gram stain, four (50 per cent) were subsequently killed.

PMID- 6825647
TI  - Quantitative bacteriology of experimentally incised skin wounds in horses.

PMID- 6825648
TI  - Serum concentrations of penicillin in the horse after administration of a variety
      of penicillin preparations.
AB  - Twelve geldings were used to evaluate serum levels of penicillin following the
      intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injection of benzylpenicillin, im
      procaine penicillin and im fortified benzathine penicillin, at a variety of dose
      rates. Blood samples were collected up to 7 h after iv and im benzylpenicillin,
      up to benzathine penicillin. Results were analysed using an analysis of variance
      and regression analyses were used to calculate the time taken for the serum
      penicillin concentration to decline to 0.5 micrograms/ml. As a result of the
      experiments the following dosage regimes could be recommended for each drug.
      Benzylpenicillin should be administered im at a dose rate of 10,000 iu/kg at the
      commencement of treatment. Procaine penicillin should be injected at a dose rate
      of 15,000 iu/kg every 12 h or 30,000 iu/kg every 24 h. In serious infections
      10,000 iu/kg of benzylpenicillin im should be used concomitantly to begin
      therapy. Fortified benzathine penicillin appears to have little value for
      antimicrobial therapy in the horse.

PMID- 6825649
TI  - Current concepts of infectious polyarthritis in foals.

PMID- 6825650
TI  - Pre-race testing and its role in equine medication control.
AB  - In general, blood is the only material on which a practical pre-race testing
      scheme can be based. Blood testing is not as sensitive as urine testing and
      detects only about 66 per cent of the drugs detectable in urine. Therefore, pre
      race blood testing is always performed in conjunction with post race urine
      testing. Because blood is easily and rapidly drawn, the use of blood samples in
      all post race testing schemes is recommended. Pre-race testing is also a
      relatively expensive proposition, but it is the only method which actually
      prevents the running of an illegally medicated horse.

PMID- 6825651
TI  - Effect of haemolysis on concentration of phenylbutazone in plasma from
      heparinised blood samples.

PMID- 6825652
TI  - Changes in blood neutrophil and lymphocyte counts following administration of
      cortisol to horses and foals.

PMID- 6825653
TI  - Blood fructose levels in the newborn foal.

PMID- 6825654
TI  - Invagination of the caecal apex in a foal.

PMID- 6825655
TI  - Sertoli cell tumour in a horse.

PMID- 6825656
TI  - Seminoma with multiple metastases in a zebra (Equus zebra) X mare (Equus
      caballus).

PMID- 6825657
TI  - Relapsing idiopathic thrombocytopenia in a horse.

PMID- 6825658
TI  - Diagnostic colonoscopy: a review of 62 cases.

PMID- 6825660
TI  - Urinary tract infections: aetiologic patterns and resistance.

PMID- 6825659
TI  - Inhalation of petrol (gasoline, benzine) in Ethiopia.

PMID- 6825661
TI  - Kala-azar in the Seggen and Woyto valleys, south-west Ethiopia.

PMID- 6825662
TI  - Haemophilia a in an Ethiopian family, and a brief review of the disease.

PMID- 6825663
TI  - Management of group casualties.

PMID- 6825664
TI  - Graduate Medical Education. Part 1.

PMID- 6825665
TI  - Synthesis in vitro of novel nucleic-acid-like polymers of Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells.

PMID- 6825666
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nucleic-acid-like polymers containing glucose
      from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - 1. Novel nucleic-acid-like polymers containing glucose, glucose 'nucleic acid',
      were isolated from cytoplasmic particles of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. It is
      assumed that the basic structure of the polymers is similar to those of known
      nucleic acids except that their sugar constituents are glucose derivatives
      instead of ribose or deoxyribose. 2. When the glucose 'nucleic acid' was
      incubated with venom phosphodiesterase, four kinds of glucose 'nucleotides'
      containing bases of cytosine, adenine, guanine and thymine were obtained. 3. When
      the polymers were incubated with both venom phosphodiesterase and alkaline
      phosphatase, inorganic phosphates of glucose 'nucleotides' were removed and each
      nucleotide was converted to a glucose 'nucleoside'.

PMID- 6825667
TI  - The apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease of rat-liver chromatin.
AB  - The extract from rat liver chromatin contains two apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)
      endodeoxyribonucleases named 0.2 M and 0.3 M isozymes according to the phosphate
      concentration necessary to elute them from an hydroxyapatite column. The 0.3 M
      isozyme is the main and perhaps the only chromatin AP endodeoxyribonuclease in
      the living cell. This 0.3 M isozyme was purified by successive chromatographies
      on hydroxyapatite, phosphocellulose, heparin-Sepharose and alkylated-depurinated
      DNA-cellulose. It has a molecular weight of approximately 39000; its optimum pH
      is around 8.0; it needs Mg2+ or Mn2+ to be active and the optimum concentration
      for Mg2+ is between 5 mM and 10 mM. The 0.3 M isozyme has no action on intact DNA
      strands or on alkylated sites; it cuts the phosphodiester bridge which is the
      immediate neighbour of the AP site on its 5' side leaving 3'-hydroxyl and 5'
      phosphate ends. It has no associated exonuclease activity. To hydrolyze the
      phosphoester bond near the AP site, the enzyme makes a close contact with three
      base residues in the large groove of the DNA molecule.

PMID- 6825668
TI  - Rat vitamin-D-dependent calcium-binding proteins. Specificity of mRNAs coding for
      the 7500-Mr protein from duodenum and the 28000-Mr protein from kidney and
      cerebellum.
AB  - mRNA extracted from rat duodenum, kidney and cerebellum was translated in a cell
      free reticulocyte lysate system in the presence of L-[35S]methionine. Vitamin-D
      dependent calcium-binding proteins (D-CaBPs) were identified by
      immunoprecipitation using antibodies specific to duodenal D-CaBP (7500 Mr) and
      cerebellar D-CaBP (28000 Mr). When duodenal mRNA was translated, the
      immunoprecipitated polypeptide, obtained using antibodies to duodenal D-CaBP,
      comigrated with the pure small D-CaBP. Only the addition of unlabeled small
      duodenal D-CaBP prevented the immunoprecipitation of the major protein. Likewise,
      when mRNA extracted from the kidney and cerebellum was translated, the product
      immunoprecipitated by antibodies specific to large mammalian D-CaBP was
      electrophoretically similar to pure 28000-Mr protein, being displaced only by the
      addition of unlabeled large D-CaBP. The yield of the duodenal D-CaBP synthesized
      in the reticulocyte lysate assay was remarkably high (about 10%) compared to that
      of the large D-CaBP with renal (1%) or cerebellar (0.4%) mRNA. In the absence or
      presence of microsomal membranes, proteins of similar molecular weight were
      synthesized, suggesting that the biosynthesis of both large and small D-CaBPs do
      not involve the processing of leader sequences. Moreover in our experimental
      conditions duodenal poly(A)-rich RNA was unable to direct the synthesis of large
      D-CaBP while the mRNAs extracted from kidney and cerebellum did not code for the
      small D-CaBP. Our data indicate that two distinct mRNAs, coding for small and for
      large vitamin-D-dependent CaBPs, are expressed in specific tissues of the rat.

PMID- 6825669
TI  - Mode of interaction of polyoxyethyleneglycol detergents with membrane proteins.
AB  - Binding of dodecyloctaethyleneglycol monoether (C12E3) and purified Triton X-100
      to various integral membrane proteins was studied by chromatographic procedures.
      Binding capacity decreased in the following order: bovine rhodopsin greater than
      photochemical reaction center greater than sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
      The detergents were bound in different amounts to the proteins and less than
      corresponding to the aggregation number of the pure micelles. Appreciable binding
      of C12E8 to Ca2+-ATPase was observed far below the critical micelle
      concentration, consistent with interaction of the membrane protein with non
      micellar detergent. Model calculations indicate that the detergents cannot
      combine with the membrane proteins, forming an oblate ring similar to that of
      pure detergent micelles, such as has been previously proposed for e.g. cytochrome
      b5 [Robinson and Tanford (1975) Biochemistry, 14, 365-378]. Other arrangements
      (prolate and monolayer rings), in which all detergent molecules are in contact
      with the protein, are considered as alternatives for covering the hydrophobic
      surface of the membrane protein with a continuous layer of detergent.

PMID- 6825670
TI  - The complete amino-acid sequence of the large bacteriochlorophyll-binding
      polypeptide from light-harvesting complex II (B800-850) of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata.
AB  - The large bacteriochlorophyll-a-binding polypeptide of the light-harvesting
      complex II (B800-850), having an apparent Mr with sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide electrophoresis of 10000, has been isolated and purified
      from intracytoplasmic membranes of the phototrophically negative mutant strain Y5
      of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. The primary structure of this polypeptide has been
      determined. The polypeptide consists of 60 amino acid residues yielding an Mr of
      7322. The hydrophobic stretch in positions 16-35 with a histidine in position 31
      might be of importance for interaction with bacteriochlorophyll. The C-terminal
      part is also hydrophobic while the N-terminal part consists of hydrophilic amino
      acids. The polarity of the total amino acids was determined to be 28.3%.

PMID- 6825671
TI  - The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 from progesterone-stimulated Xenopus
      laevis oocytes. Kinetic studies and phosphopeptide analysis.
AB  - Xenopus laevis oocytes were prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate overnight before
      maturation was induced by progesterone stimulation. The phosphorylation status of
      ribosomal protein S6 from control oocytes and the temporal changes in S6
      phosphorylation after progesterone treatment were analyzed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. S6 protein was separated in up to five distinct S6 species,
      which differed in their degree of phosphorylation. 32P labeling of S6, as judged
      from the shift of radioactivity into more highly phosphorylated S6 derivatives,
      continuously increased in progesterone-stimulated oocytes even at later times
      when germinal vesicle breakdown was completed. S6 protein of unstimulated oocytes
      was labeled to a lower degree. Trypsin cleavage of total S6 protein, isolated
      from control and maturing oocytes, gave rise to different complex phosphopeptide
      patterns reflecting the existence of various multiply phosphorylated S6
      derivatives in both samples. Two of the more highly phosphorylated S6 derivatives
      showed considerable differences between the phosphopeptide elution profiles of
      control and stimulated oocytes indicating that dissimilar sites had been modified
      under both physiological conditions. Only phosphoserine was detected in the
      phosphoamino acid analysis of individual S6 derivatives.

PMID- 6825673
TI  - Metal-nucleotide structure at the active sites of the mammalian hexokinases.
AB  - The diastereomers of adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) (ATP beta S) in the
      presence of Mg2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ have been used to determine the stereospecificity
      of the metal-nucleotide binding site of rat muscle hexokinase type II and rat
      liver glucokinase by the method developed by Jaffe and Cohn [J. Biol. Chem. 254,
      10839-10845 (1979)]. The kinetic parameters, Km and V, for the mammalian
      hexokinase reaction have been determined for ATP beta S in the presence of the
      three divalent metal ions. In the presence of Mg2+, both enzymes exhibit a
      preference for the B diastereomer of ATP beta S (V ratio, B/A approximately equal
      to 20). With Cd+, the stereospecificity is reversed and the A diastereomer is the
      preferred substrate, suggesting direct coordination of S on the beta-P to this
      metal ion. Co2+ exhibits a decreased specificity for the B diastereomer over
      Mg2+. This decreasing order of stereo-specificity for the B isomer reflects
      primarily the decreasing ratios of nucleotide complexes coordinated to O rather
      than S on the beta-P as the metal ion is changed from Mg2+ to Co2+ to Cd2+. The
      kinetic parameters for the hexokinases have also been determined for adenosine 5'
      O-(1-thiotriphosphate) (ATP alpha S) using the same three metal ions as
      activators. The A diastereomer is the preferred substrate regardless of the metal
      ion. This absence of reversal of stereospecificity for metal-ATP alpha S suggests
      that the alpha-P is not involved in coordinating the metal on the enzyme, unlike
      the beta-P. That is, the structural constraints of the ATP-binding site on the
      enzyme overcome the preferred coordination of Cd2+ to S. Given the greater
      stability of bidentate metal-ATP complexes over monodentate, these data are
      interpreted as indicating that MgATP binds to the mammalian hexokinases as the
      beta gamma-bidentate complex in the A screw sense geometry, as has been found for
      the yeast hexokinase (Jaffe and Cohn, reference cited above).

PMID- 6825672
TI  - Activation and deactivation of the glucocorticoid hormone-receptor complex.
AB  - Cytosol glucocorticoid receptors acquired the ability to bind to DNA-cellulose on
      incubation at 25-37 degrees C and/or in media of high ionic strength (0.3 M KCl).
      However, this activation was transient only. It was followed by deactivation
      whose rate was also dependent on incubation temperature and on the presence of
      potassium chloride. Deactivation resulted in a decreased but non-zero binding to
      DNA-cellulose. Specific triamcinolone acetonide binding to the receptor protein
      was not lost under the same conditions. Deactivation commenced before it became
      apparent, probably together with activation. Preactivated complex underwent
      deactivation even in conditions that would not allow significant decrease in DNA
      cellulose binding without previous incubation at 37 degrees C. In contrast to
      previous reports it was found that fast activation/deactivation took place in the
      presence of 4 mM Ca2+. Molybdate ions slow down both activation and deactivation,
      but do not prevent activation by heat. Heat activated/deactivated complex
      differed in size from both non-activated and Ca2+-deactivated complexes. This
      finding suggests that heat and Ca2+-induced deactivation follow different
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6825674
TI  - Delta thalassemia: a non-deletion defect.
AB  - Hematological and gene mapping studies of two Southern Italian children doubly
      heterozygous for delta 0-thalassemia and delta 0 beta 0-thalassemia have been
      carried out. No HbA2 was detectable by electrophoresis of total hemoglobin in
      these patients. Restriction enzyme analysis of the globin gene cluster with
      delta, gamma, epsilon and RIH cloned probes showed all the expected normal bands,
      in addition to the abnormal fragments related to a previously described type of
      delta 0 beta 0-thalassemic deletion, demonstrating an apparently intact globin
      gene cluster on the thalassemic chromosome. The relevance of this finding to
      models for coordinated expression of non alpha globin genes is discussed.

PMID- 6825675
TI  - Rapid induction of the synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and of chalcone
      synthase in elicitor-treated plant cells.
AB  - Changes in the rate of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone
      synthase, two characteristic enzymes of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, have been
      investigated by direct immunoprecipitation of in vivo [35S]methionine-labelled
      enzyme subunits in elicitor-treated cells of dwarf French bean (Phaseolus
      vulgaris). Elicitor, heat-released from cell walls of Colletotrichum
      lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose disease of bean, causes marked
      but transient increases in the rates of synthesis of both enzymes concomitant
      with the phase of rapid increase in enzyme activity at the onset of phaseollin
      accumulation during the phytoalexin defence response. Increased rates of
      synthesis of both enzymes can be observed 20 min after elicitor treatment and the
      pattern of induction of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone
      synthase are broadly similar with respect to elicitor concentration and time,
      maximum rates of synthesis being attained between 2.5 h and 3.0 h after elicitor
      treatment. Within this overall co-ordination small but distinct differences
      between the enzymes were observed in: (a) the elicitor concentrations giving
      maximum enzyme synthesis, and (b) the precise timing of maximum enzyme synthesis,
      with that for chalcone synthase occurring 20-30 min earlier than that for
      phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. However, for a given rate of enzyme synthesis,
      induction of the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase
      is more efficient at high elicitor concentrations. This may reflect the operation
      under certain circumstances of post-translational control of the activity levels
      of these enzymes as implicated for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by previous
      density-labelling experiments [Lawton et al. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 633,
      162-175]. The same pattern of induction of enzyme synthesis is observed with
      elicitor preparations from a variety of sources.

PMID- 6825676
TI  - Purification of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase from liver mitochondria of chick
      embryo.
AB  - 5-Aminolaevulinate synthase from chick-embryo liver mitochondria has, for the
      first time, been purified to homogeneity in its native non-degraded form by
      molecular sieve chromatography, chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. The
      enzyme has a minimum molecular weight of 68000 as determined by sodium
      dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a specific activity of
      35000 units/mg of protein. This result conflicts with the previous report of
      Whiting, M.J. and Granick, G. [(1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1340-1346] that the
      chick embryo enzyme has a molecular weight of 49000. We show here that the
      purified form can be degraded proteolytically to a smaller form of molecular
      weight around 50000 while retaining full enzymatic activity. It seem evident,
      therefore, that the enzyme isolated by Whiting & Granick (1976) was degraded. We
      have further established by pulse-labelling studies and immunoprecipitation that
      the enzyme isolated by our new and rapid procedure has the same minimum molecular
      weight as that which exists in vivo.

PMID- 6825677
TI  - The effect of an integral membrane protein on lipid polymorphism in the
      cardiolipin-Ca2+ system.
AB  - The addition of Ca2+ to aqueous dispersions of cardiolipin triggers complete
      hexagonal (HII) phase formation at Ca2+/cardiolipin molar ratios greater than or
      equal to 1.0 as detected by 31PNMR and freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
      Incorporation of the integral membrane protein glycophorin prevents the bilayer
      leads to hexagonal (HII) phase transition at Ca2+/cardiolipin ratios as high as
      15:1. Removal of the outwardly oriented, negatively charged sialic-acid
      containing sugar groups of glycophorin with trypsin had little effect on the
      bilayer-stabilizing capacity of the protein. As the Ca2+ binding was found to be
      similar in both the cardiolipin and the cardiolipin-glycophorin systems, it can
      be concluded that the protein exerts a bilayer-stabilizing effect on the
      cardiolipin. In addition, the possibility that glycophorin may prevent vesicle
      fusion is also discussed.

PMID- 6825678
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid in nitrous-oxide-treated
      rats and its reduction by methionine.
AB  - Inhalation of nitrous oxide oxidises cob(I)alamin and inactivates methionine
      synthetase of which cobalamin is a co-enzyme. The biochemical changes in the rat
      following exposure to nitrous oxide resemble in some detail the changes present
      in patients with untreated pernicious anemia due to deficiency of cobalamin.
      There is a marked increase in the excretion of formiminoglutamic acid in the
      urine following exposure to nitrous oxide. A significant decrease is produced,
      while on N2O, by giving methionine. The explanation for these findings is
      discussed in the light of recent data on the effects of cobalamin inactivation.

PMID- 6825679
TI  - Specificities and selectivities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and
      monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea and spinach chloroplasts.

PMID- 6825680
TI  - Characterisation of the spore coat proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Using a rapid purification protocol designed to minimise proteolysis in vivo and
      in vitro, combined with high-resolution one-dimensional and two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 11 spore coat proteins have been identified
      in Dictyostelium discoideum AX2 spores with apparent molecular weights of 170 000
      (SP170), 103 000 (SP103), 97 000 (SP97), 90 000 (SP90), 82 000 (SP82), 76 000
      (SP76), 72 000 (SP72), 55 000 (SP55), 39 000 (SP39), 33 000 (SP33) and 3400
      (SP3). Control experiments rule out the possibility that any of these components
      are generated by crosslinking or proteolytic degradation artifacts. All of these
      spore coat proteins are disulphide-crosslinked in the spore coat except for
      SP103, the majority of which is extracted in the absence of thiol reagent. All of
      the spore coat proteins are single polypeptides as judged by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis except for SP33 which is consistently composed
      of four isoelectric variants. SP170, SP103, SP97, SP90, SP82 and SP72 are
      extremely acidic with pI values in the range pH 4.5-4.7, SP76 and SP55 are
      slightly less acidic with pI values of 5.7 and 5.9 respectively, whilst the four
      SP33 polypeptides have pI values of pH 6.6-7.5. SP170, SP103, SP90, SP82 and SP76
      are all glycoproteins as judged both by periodic acid/Schiff staining and
      radiolabelling in vivo with mannose, glucosamine and fucose.

PMID- 6825681
TI  - Synthesis and hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-xylosidic linkages by endo-1,4-beta-xylanase
      of Cryptococcus albidus.
AB  - Purified extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) of the yeast
      Cryptococcus albidus was found to catalyze not only the known 1,4-beta-transfer,
      but an alternative transglycosylation reaction leading to the formation of 1,3
      beta-glycosidic linkages. From a mixture of products of beta-xylanase degradation
      of phenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside three xylooligosaccharide fractions, differing
      chromatographically from the 1,4-beta-linked products, were isolated by
      preparative paper chromatography. Their structure was elucidated by mass
      spectrometry, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and enzymic hydrolysis by beta-xylanase and
      beta-xylosidase. The isomeric xylotriose was identified as 3-O-beta-D
      xylopyranosyl-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-D-xylose. The fraction of isomeric
      tetrasaccharides was found to be represented mainly by 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-3
      O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- D-xylose. The
      xylooligosaccharides containing one 1,3-beta-linkage were also produced on the
      enzyme treatment of 1,4-beta-xylotriose and 1,4-beta-xylan. When treated with the
      enzyme responsible for their synthesis, the isomeric xylooligosaccharides were
      hydrolyzed at the 1,3-beta-linkage, despite the fact the enzyme does not attack
      1,3-beta-xylan. The results are interpreted in the relation to the characterized
      four-subsite substrate-binding site of the enzyme.

PMID- 6825682
TI  - Natural-abundance 13C-NMR spectroscopy of two glyco-asparagines derived from the
      core of N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains.

PMID- 6825683
TI  - Oxene donors yield low-level chemiluminescence with microsomes and isolated
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6825684
TI  - Elicitor induction of mRNA activity. Rapid effects of elicitor on phenylalanine
      ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNA activities in bean cells.
AB  - Changes in the activity levels of mRNAs encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and
      chalcone synthase, two characteristic enzymes of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, in
      elicitor-treated cells of dwarf French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been
      investigated by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labelled enzyme subunits
      synthesised in vitro in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation
      system. Elicitor heat-released from cell walls of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum,
      the causal agent of anthracnose disease of bean, causes marked rapid increases in
      the polysomal activities of the mRNAs encoding the two enzymes concomitant with
      the phase of rapid increase in enzyme activity at the onset of phaseollin
      accumulation during the phytoalexin defence response. Increased polysomal mRNA
      activities encoding the two enzymes can be observed 30 min after elicitor
      treatment. The patterns of induction of the mRNA activities are broadly similar
      with respect to time and elicitor concentration although small but distinct
      differences between the enzymes were observed in the elicitor concentration
      giving maximum induction. There is a close correlation between the induction of
      polysomal mRNA activity and the induction of enzyme synthesis in vivo by elicitor
      treatment with respect to both the kinetics of induction and the dependence on
      elicitor concentration. The data indicate that elicitor stimulation of
      phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase synthesis in vivo is largely a
      result of increased polysomal activity of the mRNAs encoding these enzymes.
      Similar patterns of induction of polysomal mRNA activity are observed with
      elicitor preparations from a variety of sources. The marked increases in
      polysomal mRNA activities encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone
      synthase are increases as a proportion of total cellular mRNA activity,
      indicating that elicitor does not increase these polysomal mRNA activities by
      stimulation of selective recruitment from the total pool of cellular mRNA.

PMID- 6825685
TI  - Fatty acid in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella species grown at low temperature.
      Identification and position.
AB  - Salmonella minnesota R 595 (Re) and other Salmonella strains incorporate cis
      delta 9-16:1 (palmitoleic acid) at the expense of mainly dodecanoic acid into the
      lipid-A portion of lipopolysaccharides, when the cells are grown at low
      temperature (12 degrees C). It has recently been shown, that in S. minnesota R
      595 grown at 37 degrees C dodecanoic acid is linked to the 3-hydroxyl group of an
      amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. The present data suggest, that cis-delta
      9-16:1 occupies the same position in lipid A (12 degrees C).

PMID- 6825686
TI  - On the relationship between calcium and phosphate transport, transmembrane
      potential and acetoacetate-induced oxidation of pyridine nucleotides in rat-liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Acetoacetate addition to rat liver mitochondria induces a complete oxidation of
      pyridine nucleotides, a collapse of membrane potential, a release of
      mitochondrial Ca2+ and a loss of respiratory control only in the presence of
      external phosphate. Acetoacetate also enhances the efflux of mitochondrial Mg2+
      promoted by phosphate. All these effects are not only prevented but also
      reversed, except the oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, by the combined addition
      of Mg2+, ADP and dithioerythritol to damaged mitochondria. It is concluded that
      acetoacetate, through the oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides,
      potentiates the action of phosphate in altering the mitochondrial permeability
      barrier, which is closely dependent on the maintenance of membrane thiol groups
      in a reduced form.

PMID- 6825688
TI  - A comparative study of citrate efflux from mitochondria of oleaginous and non
      oleaginous yeasts.

PMID- 6825687
TI  - Inactivation of 3-oxoacyl synthetase activity of pigeon liver fatty acid
      synthetase by S-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)-coenzyme A.

PMID- 6825689
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of the Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine
      cleaving carboxypeptidase of streptomyces albus G.
AB  - The 22076-Mr Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase of
      Streptomyces abuls G effectively catalyses the transfer of the N alpha, N epsilon
      diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl electrophilic group of the standard tripeptide
      substrate N alpha, N epsilon-diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine to water. It
      also performs a weak beta-lactamase activity, hydrolysing penicillin into
      penicilloate at a very low rate. This protein consists of 212 amino acid residues
      in a single polypeptide chain. The N terminus is partially blocked as a result of
      the cyclization of the dipeptide Asn-Gly into anhydroaspartylglycine imide. The
      protein has been fragmented by cyanogen bromide into five fragments whose
      sequences have been determined via appropriate subcleavages with various
      proteases. The ordering of the cyanogen bromide peptide fragments has been
      carried out (a) by submitting the S-carboxymethylated protein to complete tryptic
      digestion and labelling the methionine-containing peptides thus obtained with
      iodo[14C]-acetamide, and (b) by submitting to limited tryptic digestion the S-[2
      (4'-pyridyl)ethyl]-cysteine protein whose amino groups have been blocked by
      reaction with exo-cis-3,6-endoxo-delta 4-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride prior to
      digestion. The protein contains six cysteine residues in the form of three
      disulfide bridges. No homology is found by comparing this peptidase with other
      Zn2+-containing enzymes (carboxypeptidase A, thermolysin, carbonic anhydrase B
      and alcohol dehydrogenase) and several completely or partially sequenced, serine
      containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving peptidases and Zn2+/serine-containing beta
      lactamases.

PMID- 6825690
TI  - Organization of nucleotide sequences in the chicken genome.
AB  - The four major components of chicken DNA were prepared by density gradient
      centrifugation and characterized in several basic properties: relative amounts,
      dG + dC content, buoyant densities, compositional heterogeneity, and
      reassociation kinetics. While the relative amounts and the compositions of the
      major components of chicken DNA were similar to those found in mammalian genomes,
      their compositional heterogeneities were found to be narrower. The relative
      amounts of interspersed repeated and unique sequences were strikingly different
      in different components and also different from those found in the corresponding
      major components of mouse and human DNAs. If one takes into consideration that
      major DNA components (a) account for practically all of main-band DNA and (b)
      derive by preparative breakage from very long DNA segments of fairly homogeneous
      composition, the isochores, our findings indicate that the distribution of
      interspersed repeats is different in different chromosomal regions and is species
      specific.

PMID- 6825691
TI  - A study of some molecular and kinetic properties of two tRNA methyltransferases
      from mouse plasmocytoma.
AB  - A tRNA(adenine-1)methyltransferase and a tRNA(cytosine-5)methyltransferase have
      been partially purified from mouse plasmocytoma MOPC 173. Their apparent Mr are
      200000-230000 and 110000-140000, respectively, as determined by gel filtration
      and density gradient centrifugation. Both enzymes exhibit maximum activity in the
      presence of high concentrations of monovalent cations (0.175 M and 0.25 M KCl,
      respectively) and in the absence of magnesium. Their kinetic constants have been
      determined at various KCl concentrations, with several tRNA species as
      substrates. These constants may differ by more than one order of magnitude,
      depending upon the substrate used, and they are strongly dependent upon the ionic
      concentration as well. The possibility that the tRNA(adenine-1)methyltransferase
      from mouse plasmocytoma is different from the homologous enzyme purified from a
      normal rat tissue [Glick, J. M. and Leboy, P. S. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4790
      4795] is discussed.

PMID- 6825692
TI  - Variation of (2'-5')oligo(adenylate) synthetase activity during rat-liver
      regeneration.
AB  - The interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated (2'-5')oligo(adenylate)
      synthetase converts ATP into (2'-5')oligo(adenylate) [(2'-5')oligo(A)] and
      pyrophosphate. In turn, (2'-5')oligo(A) activates a latent endoribonuclease which
      cleaves single-stranded RNA. (2'-5')Oligo(A) synthetase activity has been
      characterized in liver cells of normal and germ-free rats. This enzyme is
      predominantly nuclear. After partial hepatectomy, (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase
      activity decreased rapidly (after 10 h) and markedly to a minimum of 25% of the
      control after 20 h. This decrease was followed by a slow restoration of the
      activity. No such change was observed in sham-operated animals. This important
      decrease of enzymatic activity occurred during the first few hours of liver
      regeneration (6-24 h). This period corresponds also to the prereplicative and
      replicative (18-24 h after hepatectomy) phases of DNA. Detailed kinetics
      indicated that the loss of (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase activity preceded the onset
      of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in DNA and was minimal when the rate
      of DNA synthesis was maximal. These results and those obtained in culture of
      cells in vitro are compatible with the hypothesis that the (2'-5')oligo(A) system
      participates in the negative control of cell proliferation.

PMID- 6825693
TI  - alpha 1 acid glycoprotein: a small-angle neutron scattering study of a human
      plasma glycoprotein.
AB  - Small-angle neutron scattering experiments on alpha 1 acid glycoprotein showed
      that it has a molecular weight of 37000 and a matchpoint of 44.7% 2H2O. The
      molecular weight, the matchpoint and a v of 0.704 ml/g are in agreement with the
      primary sequence and standard residue volumes for amino acids and carbohydrates.
      The radius of gyration RG of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein was found to be
      independent of concentration in the range 2-11 mg/ml, but increases on going from
      a buffer containing 0.2 M NaCl to one containing 1 M NaCl. A contrast variation
      study showed that the RG at infinite contrast is 2.47 nm for the expanded form
      and 2.19 nm for the contracted form, and that the two Stuhrmann alpha values are
      similar at 27 X 10(-5). The latter is greater than that expected for globular
      proteins and are explained by the surface disposition of the five glycan chains
      on a core of protein in alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. Modelling calculations account
      for the two RG values in which for the expanded form the glycan chains extend out
      into the solvent and for the contracted form they either fold back or are splayed
      out such that they are able to interact with the surface of the protein core.

PMID- 6825694
TI  - Inhibitory effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on the synthesis of
      phosphatidyl-dCMP.
AB  - The synthesis of phosphatidyl-dCMP in mouse thymocytes is inhibited by the
      antineoplastic agent 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (AraCyt) 50% inhibition
      (ID50) being reached at an AraCyt concentration of 0.18 mM. In the same cells,
      ID50 for DNA synthesis is 0.03 mM. This inhibition is probably mediated by the
      phosphorylated derivative of AraCyt (aCTP) since the synthesis of phosphatidyl
      dCMP from dCTP using permeabilized thymocytes is inhibited by aCTP (ID50 = 0.11
      mM). The incorporation of [3H]AraCyt into the organic phase could also be
      detected, suggesting that this drug may act as a substrate for the enzyme that
      catalyzes the transfer of dCTP into phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 6825695
TI  - Heterogeneous distribution of ATP citrate lyase in rat-liver parenchyma.
      Microradiochemical determination in microdissected periportal and perivenous
      liver tissue.
AB  - 1. A radiochemical microtest was established for the determination of ATP citrate
      lyase in tissue samples of 0.2-1.0 micrograms dry weight. The specificity of this
      test system was guaranteed by its coenzyme A dependence as well as by inhibition
      of the activity measured in presence of a specific antibody. 2. Using this test
      system ATP citrate lyase activity was determined in microdissected periportal and
      perivenous liver tissue of fed, fasted and refed animals. The perivenous activity
      was 1.8-fold and 2.4-fold higher than the periportal one in fed male and female
      rats respectively. 3. The perivenous to periportal gradient was decreased during
      starvation-dependent reduction of the ATP citrate lyase activity. On the other
      hand it was not only restored but enhanced up to 2.8 after refeeding-dependent
      enhancement of the enzyme activity. 4. The predominance of the ATP citrate lyase
      activity in the perivenous, mainly glycolytic zone supports the hypothesis of the
      coordinate zonation of the carbohydrate and the lipid metabolism in the liver
      parenchyma.

PMID- 6825696
TI  - The structure of 11-S globulins from sunflower and rape seed. A small-angle X-ray
      scattering study.

PMID- 6825697
TI  - NAD-linked L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase from the strict aerobe Alcaligenes
      eutrophus. 1. Purification and properties.

PMID- 6825698
TI  - NAD-linked L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase from the strict aerobe alcaligenes
      eutrophus. 2. Kinetic properties and inhibition by oxaloacetate.
AB  - The L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) of Alcaligenes eutrophus catalyzes
      the NADH-dependent reduction of pyruvate and a few other 2-oxoacids. The Km
      values for NADH, NAD, pyruvate and L(+)-lactate are 0.075 mM, 0.130 mM, 0.820 mM
      and 7.10 mM, respectively. The reaction follows a rapid equilibrium ordered bi-bi
      mechanism and involves the formation of a dead-end EBQ complex. The competitive
      inhibition of pyruvate reduction caused by NAD (with respect to NADH) is regarded
      to be of physiological importance. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by
      oxaloacetate, oxalate and to a less extent by oxamate. Oxaloacetate was found to
      be the most powerful inhibitor of the enzyme and exerts an almost complete
      inhibition of the reduction of pyruvate and some 2-oxoacids at concentrations of
      1 microM and less. At 0.1 microM oxaloacetate the inhibition of pyruvate
      reduction is about 90%. The kinetics of pyruvate reduction in the presence of
      oxaloacetate is characterized by a burst phase followed by a decreased steady
      state velocity. During the burst phase, which lasts from several seconds to some
      minutes, the enzyme undergoes transition to a less active enzyme form. The
      inhibition studies revealed the lactate dehydrogenase to be a hysteretic enzyme,
      due to its slow response to the ligand. The characteristics of the transient were
      examined. The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase from A. eutrophus by
      oxaloacetate is considered to be of great physiological importance, allowing its
      function only at a low oxaloacetate concentration and consequently at high
      NADH/NAD ratios.

PMID- 6825699
TI  - Evidence for an enzyme which cleaves the guanidinobenzoate moiety from active
      site titrants specifically designed to inhibit and quantify trypsin.

PMID- 6825700
TI  - Coordinate and non-coordinate estrogen-induced expression of A and B groups of
      vitellogenin genes in male and female Xenopus Hepatocytes in culture.
AB  - The concentration of mRNA transcribed from A and B groups of vitellogenin genes,
      induced by estrogen added to primary cultures of hepatocytes from male and female
      adult Xenopus, was measured by a technique of filter disc hybridization with
      cloned Xenopus vitellogenin cDNA probes. In cells from naive male Xenopus (i.e.
      not previously exposed to hormone in vivo or in vitro), the two groups of the
      multigene family were non-coordinately expressed during the early stages of
      response to estradiol in vitro. Only B group transcripts could be detected for
      the first 2-3 h. At later times, or upon successive additions of estradiol to the
      male cell cultures, both A and B group mRNAs accumulated at the same rate and to
      the same extent. In female hepatocytes both groups of mRNAs accumulated in
      parallel at all stages of their response to estrogen, reaching levels 10-fold
      higher than in naive male cells similarly exposed to the hormone. However,
      hepatocytes from male Xenopus that had received a single injection of estradiol 5
      weeks before the cells were prepared, now exhibited identical rates and extent of
      accumulation of A and B groups of vitellogenin mRNAs to those observed in female
      cells. Pulse-labeling of RNA in cultured male Xenopus hepatocytes confirmed that
      the coordinate and non-coordinate accumulation of mRNAs were largely a function
      of differential or equal transcription of the A and B groups of vitellogenin
      genes. A phenomenon analogous to the hormone-induced shift from non-coordinate to
      coordinate expression of two groups of genes of the same multigene family has not
      been described previously, and we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the
      transition.

PMID- 6825701
TI  - Catalytically active monomer forms of immobilized arginase.

PMID- 6825702
TI  - Protein kinases of rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by an azo dye.

PMID- 6825703
TI  - Primary structure of histone H2A from gonads of the starfish Asterias rubens.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence (124 residues) of histone H2A from gonads of the
      starfish Asterias rubens has been established from automated sequence analyses of
      large fragments obtained by staphylococcal protease digestion of histone H2A and
      by limited hydrolysis of H2A-H2B complex with mouse submaxillary gland protease
      and from structural studies of peptides generated by enzymatic hydrolyses of
      these fragments or of the protein. By comparison with calf homologous histone,
      the starfish histone H2A shows 5 deletions and 12 substitutions. Half of the
      substitutions are non-conservative. Microheterogeneities were found at positions
      18, 40 and 50 and result in the existence of at least two variants of starfish
      gonad histone H2A.

PMID- 6825704
TI  - Regulation of enzymatic iodothyronine synthesis in thyroglobulin by low
      concentrations of iodide.

PMID- 6825705
TI  - Sequential individual resonance assignments in the 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance
      spectrum of cardiotoxin VII2 from Naja mossambica mossambica.
AB  - The assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of cardiotoxin
      VII2 from Naja mossambica mossambica is described and documented. The assignments
      are based entirely on the amino acid sequence and on two-dimensional NMR
      experiments at 500 MHz. Individual assignments were obtained at 45 degrees C for
      the backbone protons of 56 out of the total of 60 amino acid residues, the
      exceptions being the N-terminal dipeptide segment Leu-1--Lys-2--, Pro-8 and Pro
      15. Complete assignments of the non-labile hydrogen atoms of the side chains were
      obtained for 37 residues, and for Asn-4 and Asn-19 the delta amide protons were
      also identified. For 19 long side chains the individual assignments include only
      the backbone and C-beta proton resonances; these are Gln-5, Pro-9, Pro-33, Pro
      43, Leu-47, all three methionines, two arginines and nine lysines. The chemical
      shifts for the assigned resonances at 45 degrees C are listed for an aqueous
      solution at pH 3.6. A preliminary interpretation of the sequential connectivity
      patterns indicates that approximately 30 out of the total of 60 amino acid
      residues in cardiotoxin VII2 are in extended, beta-type secondary structures, and
      there is no indication for the formation of alpha-helical structure.

PMID- 6825706
TI  - The fate of Xenopus and locust vitellogenins made in Xenopus oocytes. An export
      import processing model.

PMID- 6825707
TI  - Structural elements of methanopterin, a novel pterin present in Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum.
AB  - During short-time labeling experiments, cells of Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum incorporate a substantial part of 14CO2 in a yellow
      fluorescent compound (called YFC) [Daniels, L. & Zeikus, J. G. (1978) J.
      Bacteriol. 136, 75-84]. As the compound was present only in small amounts, its
      more abundant, metabolic precursor was identified, extracted and purified by
      column chromatography. The chromophore of this compound is 2-amino-4
      hydroxypteridine (pterin) as indicated by its ultraviolet-visible-light
      absorption and fluorescence properties. Decomposition studies revealed the
      presence of a number of structural elements, viz. glutamic acid, phosphate and a
      hexosamine. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra pointed to the presence of additional, as
      yet unidentified, elements. The compound is a complex, novel pterin derivative,
      which we have called methanopterin.

PMID- 6825708
TI  - A novel one-carbon carrier (carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin) isolated
      from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and derived from methanopterin.
AB  - During short-term labeling experiments, cells of Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum incorporated a substantial part of 14CO2 in a compound with a
      bright yellow fluorescence on dry thin-layer chromatography plates and called
      yellow fluorescent compound (YFC) [Daniels, L. and Zeikus, J.G. (1978) J.
      Bacteriol. 136, 75-84]. This compound was extracted and purified by ion-exchange
      column chromatography with formic acid gradients up to 0.3 M. Out of 325 g wet
      cells of M. thermoautotrophicum about 4 mg of the compound were isolated. This
      material and some degradation products obtained from it were studied by means of
      chemical decomposition, ultraviolet-visible-light spectroscopy and preliminary 1H
      NMR spectroscopy. It has structural elements in common with methanopterin (see
      preceding paper in this journal); these elements are a pterin group, glutamate, a
      hexosamine. The pterin in this compound is present in a reduced form, presumably
      as 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin, and the additional one-carbon unit is
      probably present as a carboxy group. Probably the first step of methanogenesis
      implies a carboxylation of methanopterin and a concomitant reduction of the
      pterin. The trivial name carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin is introduced
      for the compound.

PMID- 6825709
TI  - Hydroxylamine mutagenesis: observation of inverted Watson-Crick base-pairing
      between N4-methoxycytosine and adenine with the aid of natural-abundance high
      resolution 15N NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Natural-abundance high-resolution 15N NMR spectra have been recorded for 1-methyl
      N4-methoxycytosine (the product of reaction of 1-methylcytosine with the mutagen
      methoxyamine), 2',3',5'-tri-O-methyladenosine, and a 1:1 mixture of the two, all
      in chloroform solution. The spectra were obtained by application of a sequence of
      impulses of the type referred to as insensitive nuclear enhancement by
      polarization transfer (INEPT). Assignments of all the nitrogen resonances were
      based on nitrogen-proton coupling constants and literature data. Analysis of the
      15N chemical shifts demonstrated the formation of base pairs with hydrogen bonds
      involving the ring N(1) and an N6-H of adenine, and the N(3)-H and C(2) = O of N4
      methoxycytosine, viz. N(1) . H-N(3) and N6-H . O2 = C. The hydrogen-bond
      stabilized complex formed thus involves an inverse type of Watson-Crick base
      pairing. The data excluded formation of Hoogsteen-type base-pairing. The results
      are considered in relation to hydroxylamine and methoxyamine mutagenesis, to
      types of base-pairing at the monomer and polymer levels, and to interpretations
      of 15N NMR spectra of heterocyclic rings in general.

PMID- 6825710
TI  - Investigation of the primary photochemistry of bacteriorhodopsin by low
      temperature Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - The method of Fourier-transform infrared difference spectroscopy was applied to
      investigate the transition at 77K of bacteriorhodopsin in its light-adapted form
      to K6(10), the first intermediate which is stable at low temperature. In addition
      to unmodified bacteriorhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin in 2H2O and bacteriorhodopsin
      containing [15-2H]retinal was used. The results show that major rearrangements
      occur in the Schiff base in this transition. It is not possible to identify a C =
      N stretching vibration of the Schiff base in K6(10). The identification of an N-H
      bending vibration in K6(10) shows that the nitrogen of the previous Schiff base
      still has a proton attached. The fingerprint region exhibits very unusual
      features for K6(10) and bears no similarity to protonated retinylidene Schiff
      base model compounds of any isomeric composition. Therefore, no conclusions on
      the isomeric state of the retinal in K6(10) can be drawn. The spectra show that
      the terminal part of the retinal is predominantly reflected in the difference
      spectra. This indicates that the most polar part of the retinal is located near
      the Schiff base. We have evidence for protein molecular changes occurring in this
      transition at 77K.

PMID- 6825711
TI  - Interaction between the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains
      of intact cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata mediated by membrane potential.
AB  - 1. The inhibition of respiration by light and the relief from this inhibition by
      uncoupling agents have been studied in intact cells of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata. 2. The same concentration range of carbonylcyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone [CF3OPhzC(CN)2] prevented light-inhibition of
      respiration and depressed the membrane potential (delta psi) in illuminated,
      aerobic bacterial suspensions. 3. For a wide range of CF3OPhzC(CN)2 concentration
      the dependence of the respiration rate on delta psi in darkened cells coincided
      with that in illuminated cells. 4. When present separately, antimycin A and low
      concentrations of CF3OPhzC(CN)2 had little effect on light-inhibition of
      respiration or on delta psi in illuminated, aerobic cells, but added together
      they gave relief from light-inhibition and they lowered delta psi. 5. In the
      absence of CF3OPhzC(CN)2 even very low light intensities were sufficient to
      inhibit respiration and increase delta psi. In the presence of CF3OPhzC(CN)2 much
      higher light intensities were necessary. 6. The results are interpreted as
      evidence that light-inhibition of respiration is mediated by delta psi. The
      modification of the response by uncouplers, inhibitors and with light intensity
      is critically determined by the ionic conductance properties of the membrane in
      accordance with the findings in [Clark, A.J., Cotton, N.P.J., and Jackson, J.B.
      (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 130, 575-580].

PMID- 6825712
TI  - Interaction of concanavalin A with native and denatured forms of jackbean alpha-D
      mannosidase.
AB  - Tetrameric alpha-D-mannosidase from jackbean is a glycoprotein containing at
      least one mannosylated oligosaccharide. In the native enzyme, the oligosaccharide
      is sterically masked from interaction with either endoglucosaminidase H or
      concanavalin A. Denaturation into subunits permits endoglucosaminidase hydrolysis
      and removal of the oligosaccharide. The mannosyl residues are attached only to
      the heavy type of subunit. Removal of the oligosaccharide(s) from the denatured
      heavy subunit requires the joint action of both alpha-D-mannosidase and N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase.

PMID- 6825713
TI  - Comparison of differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum cell types separated by an
      improved method of density gradient centrifugation.
AB  - During the migrating slug stage of development of the cellular slime mold
      Dictyostelium discoideum, the precursor cells of the mature spores and stalk are
      known to differ from each other. In order to explore these differences on a
      variety of levels, we have improved existing methods for the isopyknic
      purification of the precursor types. Prespore and prestalk amoebae obtained from
      mechanically dissociated slugs were separated by centrifugation on preformed
      Percoll density gradients. The isolated precursor cells are greater than 90-95%
      pure, show good viability and developmental competence, and can be obtained in
      relatively large amounts. We have performed initial comparisons of the
      differentiating amoebae with respect to their location within the slug, protein
      composition, and developmental capabilities. Density centrifugation reveals
      heterogeneity among posterior slug cells: The majority of these cells have the
      expected prespore characteristics, but there is also a minor (lighter) density
      fraction resembling anterior, prestalk amoebae. Thirty polypeptides synthesized
      preferentially by prespore or prestalk slug cells were detected by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Some of these proteins are
      equally cell-specific when their accumulation is measured by silver staining;
      others are remarkably non-specific when stained. When the isolated precursor
      populations were allowed to complete development, they differed in terms of
      developmental territory size and timing, and in ways which suggest differences in
      cell cohesion and chemotaxis.

PMID- 6825714
TI  - F-actin distribution during the cellularization of the Drosophila embryo
      visualized with FL-phalloidin.
AB  - The changing distribution of polymerized actin during the cellularization of the
      Drosophila blastoderm was investigated in fixed whole embryos using FL-phalloidin
      as a specific stain. Prior incubation of FL-phalloidin with F-actin from both
      rabbit and locust muscle blocked the staining action, whereas G-actin at the same
      concentration had no effect. At the initiation of cellularization bands of F
      actin filaments, shaped into rough hexagons, were found around each forming cell
      close to the surface bulges. These bands interlinked across the whole embryo.
      Above the level of the hexagons was a fine meshwork of F-actin associated with
      many folds of the plasmalemma. Below the hexagons was a layer of small irregular
      actin aggregates. During the process of cellularization the hexagonal actin
      network was associated with the tips of the extending plasmalemmas until the
      cells reached their full length. It is suggested that this actin network acts as
      a contractile ring system which cleaves the embryo into cells. The network was
      then found to rapidly break down. Microfilament bundles formed rings associated
      with the bases of the cells. These are presumed to cleave off the fully formed
      cells from the underlying yolk sac. During the first phase of cell membrane
      growth the fine F-actin meshwork remained associated with the apical
      plasmalemmas. However, the mesh rapidly disappeared during the second period of
      extension. After this, actin aggregates were visible close to the apical surfaces
      of the cells. F-actin was also observed to be associated with the newly formed
      plasmalemmas along their length during the whole of the process of cleavage.

PMID- 6825715
TI  - Changes in D-loop frequency and superhelicity among the mitochondrial DNA
      molecules in relation to organelle biogenesis in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication activity are known to occur
      during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis. Electron microscopic and electrophoretic
      analyses carried out on mtDNA molecules at different vitellogenic stages show
      that 1. The frequency of displacement loop (D-loop) forms is correlated with the
      intensity of mitochondrial biogenesis. 2. Most of the native molecules as well as
      the D-loop carrying ones are superhelical. 3. Four families of different
      superhelicity may be distinguished and D-loops are found only in the most
      superhelical ones. To account for the changes in the frequencies of the D-loop
      forms and of the different topological types during cell differentiation, it is
      suggested that the initiation of a new replication occurs only on the most
      superhelical molecules and that some control of superhelicity may exist in
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6825716
TI  - Effect of protein-hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels on cultured endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The use of protein hydroxy ethylmethacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels to control cell
      morphology and growth, as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix
      components, is described in this communication. HEMA hydrogels prepared with
      collagen support growth of embryonic lung fibroblasts (IMR-90), as well as bovine
      aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells at a level comparable to the
      respective cells grown on tissue culture surfaces. On the other hand, HEMA
      hydrogels prepared with solubilized elastin inhibit the fibroblast growth and
      prevent both types of endothelial cell cultures from achieving their normal
      morphology. These morphologically altered endothelial cells resume a normal
      cobblestone-like appearance when subcultivated from the elastin-HEMA hydrogels to
      tissue culture plastic. When pulsed with [14C]proline, the procollagens
      synthesized by the endothelial cells on the different surfaces vary, as shown by
      immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the standard
      tissue culture plastic, the confluent cells produce mainly type III procollagen
      in the medium, whereas those endothelial cells grown on collagen and elastin-HEMA
      hydrogels synthesize primarily type I procollagen (much like sprouting cells on
      tissue culture plastic), regardless of their morphology.

PMID- 6825717
TI  - Diazepam inhibits the spreading of chick embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Diazepam (Valium/Roche), a benzodiazepine derivative, reversibly inhibited the
      spreading of chick embryo fibroblasts in a dose-related manner. This inhibition
      was accompanied by: 1 Fewer and less organized microfilament bundles. 2 A
      reduction in myosin fluorescence along these structures. 3 A reduction in the
      total myosin content of cells compared to corresponding controls. Overall results
      suggest that myosin plays an active role in the spreading of chick embryo
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6825718
TI  - Red cell ghost-mediated microinjection of RNA into HeLa cells. II. Cellular
      translation of protamine mRNA; post-translational modifications and nuclear
      binding of newly-synthesized protamine.
AB  - Red cell ghosts loaded with protamine messenger RNA (pmRNA) were fused to HeLa
      cells using polyethylene glycol, as a means of introducing the mRNA into
      heterologous cells. The recipient cells were capable of translating the RNA into
      the three protamine polypeptides, which may be resolved as three peaks (CI, CII,
      and CIII) by cation exchange chromatography. The synthesis of components CII and
      CIII was easily observed with possible traces of CI as well. The HeLa cells also
      phosphorylated CII after synthesis. However, this phosphorylation did not occur
      with CIII. In addition, CII but not CIII localized in the nucleus of the HeLa
      cells after synthesis. Thus, a correlation of post-translational modification
      with nuclear entry was observed. Localization in the nucleus, however, was not
      accompanied by the same tight binding of protamine to chromatin as is seen in the
      homologous trout testis spermatid cells. In the spermatid cells, protamine elutes
      from chromatin at a salt concentration of 1.2 M NaCl. In contrast, in the HeLa
      cells, the newly synthesized CII which had entered the nucleus, could be eluted
      with 0.6 M NaCl. Thus, the tight binding of protamine to chromatin in trout
      testis may require a series of concomitant developmental events, such as core
      histone hyper-acetylation (Christensen, M E & Dixon, G-H. In press) [17], which
      would be lacking in the HeLa cells.

PMID- 6825719
TI  - Relationship between H1 histone phosphorylation and genome replication in a mouse
      Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid.
AB  - The relationship between stable genome replication and the presence of species
      specific H1 and H2b histones was studied in a mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell
      hybrid (LMC-1). LMC-1 contained the complete chromosome complements of the mouse
      (LM/TK-, 46 chromosomes) and Chinese hamster (CHW-1102, 22 chromosomes) parents.
      No chromosome loss occurred in over a year in continuous culture, and both mouse
      and Chinese hamster enzymes were expressed. Chromatographic resolution of H1
      histone subtypes showed that only mouse H1 genes were expressed. Resolution of
      chromatographically purified H2b histone variants using Triton X-100-containing
      gels also demonstrated that LMC-1 cells made mouse, not Chinese hamster, H2b
      histones. Species-specific tryptic phosphopeptides were resolved from purified H1
      histones using high voltage paper electrophoresis. These studies demonstrated
      that characteristic mouse, but not Chinese hamster, phosphopeptides were formed
      in H1 histones in actively-growing LMC-1 cells. We conclude that the Chinese
      hamster genome may replicate in a stable manner in the presence of mouse H1 (and
      H2b) histones, and that there is no obligatory relationship between species
      specific phosphorylation of H1 histones and stable genome replication.

PMID- 6825720
TI  - Subcellular location of a soluble factor that stimulates DNA replication in
      permeable animal cells.
AB  - The subcellular location of a soluble DNA replication-stimulating factor released
      from lysolecithin-permeabilized cultured mammalian cells was investigated by
      cytochalasin B (CB) enucleation. In both Chinese hamster ovary cells and baby
      hamster kidney (BHK) cells, approx. 70% of the total activity of the replication
      stimulating factor was associated with the karyoplast fraction. In neither cell
      line did the replication-stimulating factor show any significant change in
      activity or in subcellular location between G1 and S period synchronized cells.
      The general nature and mechanism of action of this stimulatory factor were
      characterized in order to show that it was similar to "cytoplasmic" factors
      reported to stimulate DNA replication in other subcellular systems. The
      predominantly nuclear location of the replication-stimulating factor supports a
      physiological role in DNA metabolism in animal cells.

PMID- 6825721
TI  - Na+ influx and cell growth in cultured human fibroblasts. Effect of indomethacin.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin on Na+ influx and cell growth in human diploid
      fibroblasts (HSWP) has been investigated. It was found that both indomethacin and
      aspirin block serum-stimulated Na+ influx in a dose-dependent manner (Ki = 0.34
      +/- 0.04 mM and 11 +/- 1 mM respectively) while having no effect on influx of Na+
      in the absence of serum. The Ki for inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into HSWP cells (0.28 +/- 0.02 mM) closely correlated with the Ki for inhibition
      of Na+ influx. The onset of action of indomethacin is rapid (within 2 min) and
      inhibition of Na+ flux is readily reversed (within 5 min). Other workers have
      reported that indomethacin is cytostatic for human fibroblasts presumably via a
      slowly developing inhibition of "A" system amino acid transport [6]; however,
      present results indicate that inhibition of Na+ influx in HSWP cells occurs much
      more rapidly than the inhibition of amino acid transport observed in other human
      foreskin fibroblasts and therefore may be more closely related to the primary
      cellular locus of indomethacin action.

PMID- 6825723
TI  - The effect of verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on the serum-dependent regulation
      of uridine uptake by cells in culture.
AB  - The stimulation of uridine uptake is one of the early events that occur when
      quiescent cells are stimulated to grow by adding fresh serum. Serum depletion of
      cells in their exponential phase of growth results in a decrease of uridine
      uptake rate, a process which is complete before a significant reduction in DNA
      synthesis is observed. Elevation of extracellular potassium can stimulate the
      role of serum as an activator of uridine uptake, and can prevent the inhibition
      of uptake that results from serum depletion. Verapamil, a known antagonist of
      calcium movement across biological membranes, inhibits uridine uptake. This
      inhibition is much stronger in serum- or KCl-activated cells than in serum
      depleted or quiescent cells. Verapamil can partially prevent the serum-dependent
      stimulation of uridine uptake. The effect of Verapamil does not depend on the
      presence of calcium in the extra-cellular medium. Verapamil may interfere with
      serum-dependent redistribution of Ca2+ within the cells, and thus uncouple the
      initial event of binding of serum growth factors to membrane receptors, from the
      subsequent intracellular response-regulation of uridine uptake rates.

PMID- 6825722
TI  - Maintenance and reversibility of active albumin secretion by adult rat
      hepatocytes co-cultured with another liver epithelial cell type.
AB  - When adult rat hepatocytes were co-cultured with another liver epithelial cell
      type in a medium supplemented or not with fetal calf serum (FCS), it was found
      that 1. They survived for more than 2 months 2. Albumin secretion levels remained
      high over the whole culture period 3. Decreased secretion might be reversed 4.
      This protein secretion activity appeared to be dependent upon both the presence
      of cell-cell contacts and the production of an extracellular material. The
      results demonstrate for the first time long-term stabilization and reversibility
      of a specific function (albumin secretion) at high levels by adult hepatocytes
      cultured in serum-free medium and suggest that both the presence of other liver
      cell type(s) and the production of an extracellular matrix are needed for the
      maintenance of specific functions in cultured hepatocytes.

PMID- 6825724
TI  - Effects of acetylcholine and norepinephrine on incorporation of
      [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids of rabbit iridial processes and iris
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 6825725
TI  - Protein components of rat lens and their age-related changes observed with two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The protein components of rat lens crystallins were analyzed by two-dimensional
      urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      following age-related changes were observed. (i) In alpha-crystallin, one or two
      spots at the anodic sides of alpha A2 and alpha B2 spots were observed in the
      lens cortex after the 8 months. beta-Crystallin, consisting of seven components
      designated as beta-1 to beta-7 components in the case of 1.5-month-old rats,
      showed marked changes during ageing. Component beta-3 was not detectable in
      neonatal lens. Component beta-5' located at the cathodic side of component beta-5
      was observed in the lens older than 8 months. Components at the anodic sides of
      beta-4, beta-6 and beta-7 spots were detected in 8-month and especially 19- and
      47-month-old lenses. The amount of gamma-crystallin decreased in dependence on
      age. (ii) The electrophoretogram of the nucleus of 8-month-old lens showed
      additional spots in the area with the lower molecular weight than alpha A2. gamma
      Crystallin was accumulated in the nucleus. The electrophoretogram of gamma
      crystallin of the 8-month-old nucleus was more similar to that of 19-month-old
      lens cortex than that of neonatal lens or young lens cortex.

PMID- 6825726
TI  - 6-Methoxy-tetrahydro-beta-carboline in the retinae of rabbits and pigs.
AB  - beta-Carbolines are alkaloids found as normal constituents in many plants and
      animals. These compounds have many biochemical and pharmacological effects often
      related to a neuromodulator-like mode of action. We have demonstrated a beta
      carboline derivative, 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeO-THBC) as
      a normal constituent in the retina. The significance of beta-carbolines in the
      retina remains to be investigated.

PMID- 6825727
TI  - Fractionation and partial characterization of macromolecular components from
      human ocular mucus.
AB  - Crude human ocular mucus was extracted with 0.154 M-NaCl to separate soluble
      protein components from mucus. Small amounts of lipoglycoprotein of high
      molecular weight, as well as twelve plasma proteins, were detected in the soluble
      extract by gel filtration and immunodiffusion studies. After the NaCl extraction,
      the remaining mucus residue was further extracted with 6 M-urea-0.2 M-Tris
      phosphoric acid buffer. From this portion of soluble extract, a relatively larger
      amount of lipoglycoprotein of high molecular weight, as well as a lower molecular
      weight fraction containing eight detectable plasma proteins, were both isolated
      by gel filtration. The glycoprotein moieties of the lipoglycoproteins of high
      molecular weight had similar chemical composition. Both contained approximately
      40-43% protein and 57-60% carbohydrate, giving a carbohydrate--protein ratio of
      1.30 to 1.48. Fucose, galactose, N-acetylhexosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid
      comprised about 423 516 residues per 1000 amino acid residues, while serine and
      threonine constituted about 285 299. All analyses indicated mucin-like character
      in the lipoglycoproteins of high molecular weight. Plasma proteins constituted
      approximately three-fifths of the macromolecular components in ocular mucus.
      These proteins also appeared to be in complexes with lipids, but to a much lesser
      extent than the high molecular weight fractions. The relevance of present
      findings to the structure and composition of precorneal tear film is discussed.

PMID- 6825728
TI  - Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the human
      cataractous lens.
AB  - The activities of the protective enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and
      glutathione peroxidase have been measured in the cortical and nuclear sections of
      76 human cataractous lenses as well as in calf, rabbit and rat lenses. No changes
      was observed in the activity of catalase with the progressive development of
      cataract. However, a precipitous decrease (70%) in both superoxide dismutase and
      glutathione peroxidase in the nuclear region of the lens was found at the onset
      of nuclear cataract. Further decreases accompanied the progression of the
      cataract and similar, but less marked, decreases were observed in the cortical
      region of the lens. It is suggested that the inactivation of these enzymes may
      result in an elevation of the H2O2 and O2.- levels in the lens and that this may
      be responsible for the oxidative modification of lens proteins observed in
      nuclear cataracts.

PMID- 6825729
TI  - The relative proportions of lysosomal enzyme activities in bovine retinal pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - The lysosome fractions from bovine retina, liver and retinal pigment epithelium
      were isolated by subcellular fractionation and compared with regard to the
      relative proportions of several hydrolytic enzyme activities. It was found that
      the lysosome fraction of the retinal pigment epithelium is more than three times
      as active as the lysosome fractions from other tissues in degrading the rhodopsin
      of photoreceptor (rod) cell outer segments. This proteolytic activity is
      attributable to a cathepsin D-like proteinase, and the possible biochemical bases
      for its increased activity in the pigment epithelium are discussed, including
      interaction with phospholipase A. It is suggested that the lysosomes of the
      retinal pigment epithelium are specialized in their content of hydrolytic enzymes
      for the degradation of photoreceptor cell outer segments.

PMID- 6825730
TI  - The dedifferentiation and abnormal differentiation of chicken lens epithelium by
      N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in vitro.

PMID- 6825731
TI  - Tear evaporimeter for measuring water evaporation rate from the tear film under
      controlled conditions in humans.
AB  - The rate of water evaporation from the tear film depends on the conditions under
      which it is determined. If measured in a controlled and easily reproducible
      setting, tear evaporation rate could serve as a useful diagnostic and research
      tool. We have developed a tear evaporimeter that provides a non-invasive method
      for evaluating water evaporation rate in eyes with normal or pathologic tear
      films. The subject is fitted with a pair of swimmer's goggles modified so that
      the air over the test eye is conditioned to a desired baseline of relative
      humidity (29.5%) and temperature (23 +/- 1 degree C). To eliminate other sources
      of water, the lids and skin under the goggles are covered with petroleum jelly.
      The subject is asked to keep his/her eye open and to avoid blinking during the 1
      min test. The increase in relative humidity due to water evaporation from the
      tears is then determined. The surface area of the eye exposed to evaporation is
      calculated from the lid aperture. We measured the water evaporation rate in 52
      normal eyes (average = 4.07 X 10(-7) +/- 0.40 X 10(-7) g/cm2/sec) and compared
      the results with values obtained in 52 eyes with various tear-film abnormalities
      (average = 8.17 X 10(-7) +/- 2.65 X 10(-7) g/cm2/sec). The difference between the
      two groups is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). In normal eyes, after
      the instillation of one drop of 0.5% proparacaine, the increase in evaporation
      rate was statistically significant.

PMID- 6825732
TI  - Increased vascular permeability in disc swelling produced by ocular hypotony.
AB  - Chronic hypotony and swelling of the optic disc was produced in monkey eyes by
      ciliary body freezing. Associated changes in vascular permeability were detected
      with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) used as a marker of vascular integrity.
      Extravascular infiltration of HRP was seen in eyes with disc swelling in the
      lamina retinalis, lamina choroidalis, lamina scleralis and retrolaminar
      myelinated portion of the nerve head. In the anterior lamina retinalis, HRP was
      found in perivascular connective tissue and in interaxonal spaces around some
      vessels. Our findings suggest that the major source of extravascular HRP in the
      optic nerve head in disc swelling is leakage from the choriocapillaris through
      the perineural connective tissues, although focal leakage from vessels in the
      anterior portions of the swollen disc probably also occurs.

PMID- 6825733
TI  - Production of collagen by cells isolated from a retrocorneal fibrous membrane
      rabbit model.
AB  - The morphological and biosynthetic characteristics of cells from an
      experimentally induced rabbit retrocorneal fibrous membrane (RCFM) model were
      investigated. By transmission electron microscopy the cells within the RCFM
      demonstrated overlapping cytoplasmic processes and intercellular junctions,
      neither of which are fibroblast-like characteristics. The extracellular matrix
      within the RCFM had a fibrillar and amorphous component. Collagenous biosynthetic
      products of primary cultures of RCFM cells were compared to normal corneal
      endothelial cells, which produce mainly type IV collagen and a small amount of
      type V collagen, and fibroblasts, which produce types I, III and V collagens. The
      collagenous components produced by the RCFM cells were a combination of types I,
      V and low molecular weight fragments of type IV collagen. Therefore, these
      morphological and biochemical data suggest that RCFM cells are a type of modified
      corneal endothelial cell that produce collagens distinctly different from normal
      corneal endothelial cells.

PMID- 6825734
TI  - Calcium metabolism of the rabbit lens.
AB  - The Ca concentration in the rabbit lens is less than that in its bathing aqueous
      and vitreous humors. This Ca is not distributed evenly in the tissue; it has a
      higher concentration in the outer peripheral than the inner parts of the organ.
      About 60% of the total lenticular Ca is present in a layer extending about 0.5 mm
      down from the outer surface (25% of the total tissue in the lens). When incubated
      in a solution containing 45Ca about 40% of the lenticular Ca readily exchanges
      with the isotope in 3 hr; no further change occurred over the next 21 hr. This
      exchange appeared to occur across either the anterior or posterior side of the
      lens. The accumulated 45Ca was found to be present in a surface layer about 1 mm
      deep. The remaining 60% of the lenticular Ca was difficult to displace.
      Incubation for 5 hr in a Ca-free solution containing EDTA or following freezing
      and thawing resulted in a loss of only an additional 20% of tissue Ca. The
      remaining 'immobilizable' Ca (40%) was present in both the nuclear and peripheral
      zones of the lens. When the Ca concentration of the external medium is raised,
      lens Ca rises also, and when the external concentration is reduced the tissue
      level declines. In the presence of metabolic inhibitors (iodoacetate plus
      cyanide) lenticular Ca rises. This effect is slow; little change was seen in 5
      hr. Ca accumulation in the lens was enhanced by the Ca ionophore A23187 but an
      effect was not detectable in 5 hr. Incubation in Na-free media or ouabain did not
      influence Ca accumulation suggesting that a Ca-Na exchange is not involved in
      regulation. Quercetin and orthovanadate, which can inhibit Ca-activated ATPase in
      some tissues were without effect on lens calcium. The phenothiazine
      trifluoperazine (TFP), however, enhanced accumulation of Ca. Efflux of
      accumulated 45Ca from the lens was rapid; 60% in 10 min and 90% in 3 hr.
      Lanthanum reduced the latter to 60% loss. Efflux of Ca from the lens was
      unchanged, under experimental conditions, by metabolic inhibitors, by EGTA,
      verapamil, TFP and vanadate.

PMID- 6825735
TI  - In vitro studies of microwave-induced cataract: separation of field and heating
      effects.

PMID- 6825736
TI  - Abnormalities of crystallins in the lens of the CatFraser mouse.
AB  - We have analysed, by column chromatography and two-dimensional electrophoresis,
      the soluble proteins present in the lenses of normal mice and of mice
      heterozygous (Cat/+) and homozygous (Cat/Cat) for the CatFraser mutation which
      causes a dominantly inherited cataract. In Cat/+ and Cat/Cat lenses, the gamma
      crystallins comprise a smaller fraction, and the alpha-crystallins a greater
      fraction, of the total crystallins present than found in normal lenses. These
      changes in composition involve all the subunits of each crystallin class and show
      a dosage effect, the change being greater in Cat/Cat than Cat/+ lenses. In both
      Cat/+ and Cat/Cat lenses, the beta H-crystallin aggregate is lost and subunits
      are present which are not detectable in normal lenses.

PMID- 6825737
TI  - Electron microscopic histochemistry of alkaline phosphatase activity in the
      developing chick retina.
AB  - The present paper describes ultrastructural localization of non-specific alkaline
      phosphatase (ALPase) activity in the chick retina during late embryonic
      development and after hatching. In the newly-hatched chick retina, intense ALPase
      activity was found in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), and a less intense
      reaction was found in the ganglion cell layer and at the outer limiting membrane.
      Electron microscopic histochemistry revealed that bipolar and horizontal
      dendrites within the OPL displayed intense reaction product along their plasma
      membranes. Only horizontal cells showed reaction product on almost their whole
      circumference. Muller cells also showed reaction product on the plasma membrane
      in the ganglion cell layer and on the microvilli at their apical portion. The
      reaction product in the OPL was first recognizable in the retina of the 13- to 14
      day-old embryonic chick, and its intensity increased during further development.
      Little reaction product was found in Muller cells at the embryonic stage. The
      function of ALPase activity is discussed in relation to the development of the
      OPL and the nutrient supply for the neural retina.

PMID- 6825738
TI  - Displaced amacrine and ganglion cells in the newt retina.
AB  - The inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the newt retina contain
      taurine- and GABA-accumulating cells which are located immediately adjacent to
      the inner plexiform layer. Transport studies with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      indicate the presence of displaced ganglion cells within the inner nuclear layer
      of the retina. These are more numerous at the periphery of the retina and
      constitute about 2.5% of the retinal ganglion cells. Autoradiography, combined
      with HRP-transport studies, indicate that the taurine-accumulating cells in the
      ganglion cell layer of the newt retina are not 'true' ganglion cells, but may be
      displaced amacrine cells. Counts of axons in the optic nerve compared with cell
      bodies in the ganglion cell layer, demonstrate that only 50-60% of the cells in
      the ganglion cell layer of the newt retina are truly ganglion cells.

PMID- 6825739
TI  - Retinal GABA neuron labelling with [3H]isoguvacine in different species.
AB  - Retinas from goldfish, chicken, rate, guinea-pig, rabbit and humans were exposed
      to [3H]isoguvacine either by intravitreal injection in vivo or by incubation in a
      balanced salt solution. The distribution of radioactivity was then studied by
      autoradiography. The substance labelled a set of presumed amacrine cells in all
      types of animals. The inner plexiform layer was well demarcated and a variable
      number of ganglion cells was marked. In goldfish and chicken, radioactivity could
      also be seen in horizontal cells, particularly when the retina had detached from
      the pigment epithelium. Even 24 hr after an intraocular injection there was a
      significant amount of radioactivity left in nerve cells. Only a little glial
      labelling could be seen at any time. Since the distribution of labelled neurones
      was similar to that of GABA neurones and since isoguvacine is a potent GABA
      agonist, it seems reasonable to presume that [3H]isoguvacine labels GABA
      neurones. The uptake is predominantly neuronal with strong binding to presumed
      GABA storage sites.

PMID- 6825740
TI  - Autoradiographic localizations of [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine in the
      hamster ciliary epithelium.
AB  - The localization of [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine in the hamster non
      pigmented ciliary epithelium was studied by light and electron microscopic
      autoradiography. The radioactivity was concentrated in the Golgi complex of the
      non-pigmented ciliary epithelium 10 mins after injections of [35S]-sulfate or
      [3H]-glucosamine. Silver grains of both isotopes covered the cytoplasm 60 mins
      after the administration and were then associated with the basal infoldings.
      Radioactivity of [3H]-glucosamine was observed in the basal lamina of the non
      pigmented ciliary epithelium and the ciliary zonule; however, the localization of
      [35S]-sulfate in the basal lamina and the ciliary zonule was not demonstrated.
      These data lend support to the idea that the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium may
      synthesize glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and secrete non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans
      into the posterior chamber.

PMID- 6825741
TI  - Oval lipid corneal opacities in beagles: VI. Quantitation of excess stromal
      cholesterol and phospholipid.
AB  - We identified and quantitated the following lipids in corneas of normolipemic
      beagles that had oval corneal opacities: total lipids, cholesterol esters, free
      cholesterol, total phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and total triacylglycerols. All except the total
      triacylglycerols were significantly higher in the 20 affected corneas than in ten
      normal age and sex-matched controls (P less than 0.005 for each). Few long-chain
      unsaturated fatty acids were detected. This lipid analysis and the previously
      reported natural history, ultrastructure, and histochemistry indicate that these
      opacities result from a primary disorder of corneal lipid metabolism that closely
      resembles central crystalline corneal dystrophy in man.

PMID- 6825742
TI  - Glutathione oxidation in retina: effects on biochemical and electrical
      activities.
AB  - This study investigates the possible role of glutathione (GSH) in defending the
      retina against oxidative damage. Freshly excised rat retina was found to contain
      1.2 mumol/g wet wt GSH and an undetectable level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG).
      Whole retinas were either incubated or superfused with various concentrations of
      the GSH-oxidant diamide in order to study the effects of oxidation of GSH on the
      activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and on the receptor potential of
      the retina. It was found that exposure of the retina to diamide produced a
      stimulation of HMS activity up to 26-times that of the control. Significant
      changes in GSH content and receptor potential were observed at concentrations of
      diamide that produced more than a 5.4-fold stimulation of HMS activity. The
      diamide-induced electrical alterations included an increase in latency and peak
      time of the receptor potential, a delay in the onset of the off response and an
      increase in the time required for the potential to return to the baseline. It was
      found that nearly 80% of GHS could be regenerated and that most of the electrical
      effects of diamide could be reversed by superfusion with normal medium. The
      results indicate that the retina possesses an active system for maintaining GSH
      in the reduced state and that this may be essential for the normal function of
      this tissue.

PMID- 6825744
TI  - Does flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy damage the bronchial tree?

PMID- 6825743
TI  - Elastic and precursor fibres in the normal human eye.
AB  - Completely formed elastic fibres consist of a core of amorphous elastin within a
      mantle of microfibrils. The fibrillar component may occur as isolated bundles
      (oxytalan) or may be randomly intermingled with variable amounts of elastin
      (elaunin). The distribution of both mature elastic and incomplete oxytalan and
      elaunin fibres in the different parts of 53 human eyes from foetal life to old
      age is described, as evaluated by light microscopy of histochemical preparations.
      In general elastic tissue was most evident in the collagenous structures save the
      adult cornea in which incomplete elastic fibres occur rarely and then late in
      life. Precursor forms predominate in early childhood and show a limited and slow
      capacity for maturation. The suspensory zonular fibres of the lens appear to be
      composed largely of oxytalan throughout life. There is also evidence that corneal
      epithelium and endothelium, irideal smooth muscle and, less certainly, retinal
      pigment epithelium can synthesise the fibrillar component, although not elastin,
      of elastic tissue.

PMID- 6825745
TI  - Respiratory mucosal damage by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pigs.
AB  - In a study of 11 pigs, the left bronchial tree was examined with a flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB) and the right bronchial tree was used as control.
      After bronchoscopy the animals were sacrificed and the airways examined by
      scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. In all animals, respiratory
      mucosal damage caused by the FFB was observed. The columnar epithelial cells were
      torn off in areas where the FFB had rubbed against the airway wall, but the
      basement membrane was not damaged. Even in specimens where large areas of the
      epithelium were grazed off there were underlying areas with undamaged epithelium.

PMID- 6825746
TI  - Tracheobronchial clearance after flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - As the tracheobronchial mucosa is vulnerable to mechanical trauma it is important
      to investigate whether examination with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB)
      damages the respiratory mucosa. In 12 subjects, tracheobronchial clearance was
      measured 1 day before and 1 day after FFB performed under topical anaesthesia.
      Mucociliary transport was studied by having the patients inhale 6 micron teflon
      particles tagged with 99mTc, and by external measurements of the radioactivity
      retained in the lungs. Most of the patients had a similar clearance on both days.
      A marked impairment after FFB was only seen in one patient. This study suggests
      that the tracheobronchial clearance system has a large reserve against mechanical
      trauma. FFB may possibly change mucociliary clearance in some patients, and this
      can be of practical significance in patients unable to cough.

PMID- 6825747
TI  - Influence of different extension-actuator tubes on the bronchodilation effect of
      a terbutaline sulfate aerosol.
AB  - The addition of a tube extension or of a pear-shaped spacer to a conventional
      metered-dose aerosol for delivering a bronchodilator drug, caused a slightly
      improved bronchodilation in 12 trained, adult patients with stable, reversible
      airways obstruction of moderate severity. Although statistically significant, the
      increase in bronchodilation effect does not appear to be clinically relevant in
      these patients. Continuous measurement of pulmonary resistance using the airflow
      interruption method did not reveal differences in the time of onset of the
      bronchodilation.

PMID- 6825748
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of a new theophylline liquid in asthmatic children.
AB  - Eleven children suffering from an acute asthma attack were treated with 6 mg
      theophylline/kg given as a single dose of a new theophylline liquid (Nuelin
      Liquid, Riker) (day 1). After the initial treatment, 6 mg theophylline per kg
      body weight was given to the children on an 8-hourly dosage schedule for 3 days.
      Multiple serum theophylline measurements were made after the initial treatment
      and again during a steady-state, dose interval (day 5). The mean peak serum
      theophylline concentration of 58.9 +/- 4.5 mumol/1 on day 1 showed that the
      initial loading dose should be increased to about 7 mg theophylline per kg when
      the liquid is used in acute treatment. Peak serum levels were achieved in 96 +/-
      7.5 min (day 1) and 71 +/- 5.5 min (day 5). Under steady-state conditions, serum
      theophylline levels could be maintained continuously within the therapeutic range
      during the 8-hourly dosage interval in many children. However, the observed peak
      to-trough differences indicated that it may be necessary to use 6-hourly dosages.
      On day 1 no side-effects were observed but five children suffered from minor side
      effects during the steady-state treatment.

PMID- 6825749
TI  - Transtracheal aspiration in pulmonary infection in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Six transtracheal aspirations (TTA) and expectorated sputum specimens were
      collected from four children suffering from cystic fibrosis who had pulmonary
      infection. Specimens obtained from both sites were cultured for aerobic bacteria
      and TTA aspirates were also cultured for anaerobes. Differences in bacteria
      isolated in TTA and sputum aspirates were present in all instances. Six isolates
      were recovered in both sites (three Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two Staphylococcus
      aureus and one Aspergillus flavus). Five aerobic isolates were recovered only in
      the expectorated sputum and not in TTA aspirations (two Klebsiella pneumoniae and
      one each of P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Nine
      organisms were isolated only from the TTA (two each of Veillonella parvula and
      Alpha hemolytic streptococci, and one each of Bacteroides fragilis, B.
      melaninogenicus, Lactobacillus sp., Haemophilus influenzae and Gamma hemolytic
      streptococci). The recovery of anaerobic organisms from four of the six TTA
      specimens suggests a possible role for these organisms in the etiology of
      pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis. We found TTA to be helpful in the
      bacterial diagnosis and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 6825750
TI  - Assessment of the forced expiration technique, postural drainage and directed
      coughing in chest physiotherapy.
AB  - The Forced Expiration Technique (FET), postural drainage (PD) and directed
      coughing have been evaluated in 10 patients with copious sputum (mean value 63.3
      ml/24 h) with an inhaled radioaerosol method over a 30-min treatment period. FET
      alone and FET + PD (but not directed coughing) cleared more radioaerosol than
      during the control period (P less than 0.01). The wet weight of sputum obtained
      following FET, FET + PD and directed coughing were all significantly greater than
      control (P less than 0.01). However, sputum obtained by FET + PD was
      significantly greater than FET alone (P less than 0.05). Both FET and
      particularly FET + PD have been shown to be more effective than directed coughing
      alone and it is suggested that these manoeuvres should be incorporated into
      standard chest physiotherapy.

PMID- 6825751
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the mediastinum.
AB  - Leiomyosarcomas of the mediastinum are rare tumours, with only four cases
      reported in the literature. In the absence of any specific clinical pointer for
      diagnosis, proof comes through histopathologic study. One case of leiomyosarcoma
      of the superior mediastinum is reported here because of its rarity and an
      interesting histopathology.

PMID- 6825752
TI  - Respiratory mucosal damage after brush biopsy--an experimental study in rabbits.
AB  - Bronchial brushing is one of the main methods of obtaining bronchial mucosal
      material for cytologic examination. In 37 rabbits, the tracheal respiratory
      mucosa, brush biopsy damage and post-biopsy wound-healing were studied. In the
      majority of animals, the brush had penetrated the basement membrane but in
      animals with undamaged basement membrane there was, within one to two days, a
      covering cell layer, probably regenerated from the intact epithelium and from
      basal cells. Deep, wound areas were covered during the first two to three days
      after damage by granulation tissue protruding into the tracheal lumen. After
      rejection of the granulation tissue, ulceration was covered by epithelium within
      three days and a normal ciliated epithelium restored within three weeks.

PMID- 6825753
TI  - A comparison of nerve transection and chronic application of beta-bungarotoxin on
      acetylcholine receptor distribution and other nerve-muscle properties.
AB  - beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-BuTX), a snake venom neurotoxin which acts
      presynaptically to inhibit acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular
      junction, was applied to the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparation to
      determine its effectiveness to mimic denervation. The distribution of junctional
      and extrajunctional ACh receptors on the muscle were assayed biochemically by
      [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin ( [125I]alpha-BuTX) binding and electrophysiologically
      by iontophoretic application of ACh. Spontaneous transmitter release and muscle
      membrane potential were measured under conditions of denervation, beta-BuTX
      treatment, and bee venom phospholipase A2 exposure. Within 7 days after treatment
      with a single dose (5 micrograms/kg) of enzymatically active beta-BuTX,
      extrajunctional [125I]alpha-BuTX binding increased fivefold, and there was a
      decrease in miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency and in resting
      membrane potential (RMP) to values less than those of control muscles but greater
      than those of denervated.

PMID- 6825754
TI  - Cholinesterase activities in the somatic nervous system of rabbits with
      experimental allergic neuritis.
AB  - The allergic inflammatory disorders of the nervous tissue are associated with a
      complex series of cellular and humoral immune activities and they usually result
      at least in demyelination, but according to morphologic evidence also in
      secondary neuronal changes. Using the colorimetric method of Ellman et al. (G. L.
      Ellman, K. D. Courtney, V. Anders, and R. M. Featherstone, 1961, Biochem.
      Pharmacol. 7:88-95) the activities of enzymes splitting acetylthiocholine iodide
      (AThCh) were determined from various parts of the somatic nervous system of
      rabbits with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), a primary demyelinating
      disease of the peripheral nerves. It was found that the total activity of AThCh
      splitting enzymes was decreased already in an early phase of the disease in the
      dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In a well developed phase of the disease the activity
      of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) seemed to be decreased by 33% in the ventral roots
      and by a lesser amount in the DRG and the most proximal part of the sciatic
      nerves. The mechanism of the recorded changes may be related either to specific
      or to nonspecific immune events or to both. Proteolytic activity released by
      macrophages in the target tissue may, by inactivating the hydrolytic activity of
      AChE, at least partly explain these findings. Because the activity of AChE in the
      structures studied derives from a neuronal origin, our results provide
      biochemical evidence for the involvement of neurons in the sensory ganglia and of
      axolemma in the ventral roots in EAN.

PMID- 6825755
TI  - Visual function in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - The visual receptive fields of 293 single units in the ventral lateral geniculate
      nucleus of the cat were studied. In addition to the wide variety of types
      described by others, a group of units responding differentially to color was
      identified that included units responding particularly to blue and others with
      opponent color properties. Some units with spontaneous firing and without
      definite visual receptive fields were inhibited by stimulation of the optic
      chiasm (OX). A study of latency of firing to OX stimulation suggested that these
      cells were driven by retinal ganglion cells of the W type. One-third of all units
      studied were binocularly driven.

PMID- 6825756
TI  - Effect of chronic electrical stimulation at low frequency on the passive membrane
      properties of muscle fibers from dystrophic mice.
AB  - It has been reported that chronic electrical stimulation at low frequency applied
      to dystrophic muscles has a beneficial effect. In this study, the effect of this
      treatment on the passive membrane properties of muscle fibers from dystrophic
      mice was followed. Cable properties were assessed by the two-microelectrodes DC
      method and spacial decay analysis. Earlier results showing a decrease in resting
      potential, an increase in input resistance and in specific membrane resistance in
      muscle fibers from dystrophic mice were confirmed. In addition, the specific
      membrane capacitance of these muscle fibers was found to be lower than normal.
      This suggests that the membrane properties of fibers from dystrophic muscles are
      similar to those of immature muscle fibers. Muscle fibers from dystrophic animals
      that were stimulated for 2 to 4 weeks had membrane properties similar to those
      from normal muscles. This indicates that electrical stimulation at low frequency
      for 2 to 4 weeks restores membrane properties of dystrophic muscle fibers to
      normal and we suggest that an appropriate pattern of stimulation induces the
      maturation of dystrophic muscle fibers.

PMID- 6825757
TI  - Control of cardiovascular function by electrical stimulation within the medullary
      raphe region of the cat.
AB  - An investigation was made of the effect on cardiovascular function of electrical
      stimulation within the midline medullary region of the anesthetized cat. Stimuli
      consisted of low-intensity trains of pulses. Stimulation sites were defined
      histologically and in some experiments, detailed stimulus maps were obtained for
      the effect of electrical stimulation on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). In
      other experiments, measurements were made of changes produced by electrical
      stimulation on heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac contractility, and total
      peripheral resistance. Comparisons were made between the effect of stimulation at
      sites on the midline and sites to 1.5 mm more lateral. At midline sites,
      electrical stimulation most often produced a depression of the MABP. Effective
      depressor sites were located preferentially in two regions along the
      anteroposterior axis of the brain stem. At more lateral sites, electrical
      stimulation elevated the MABP. At most sites, changes in MABP occurred
      concomitantly with changes in total peripheral resistance while cardiac output
      was unchanged. Sites where electrical stimulation directly altered heart rate and
      cardiac contractility had a different distribution within the medulla compared
      with sites where stimulation changed the MABP.

PMID- 6825758
TI  - Normal and impaired regulation of muscle stiffness in gait: a new hypothesis
      about muscle hypertonia.
AB  - The activation of leg muscles was analyzed in respect to ankle joint movement and
      the changes in tension produced by the triceps surae muscle during slow gait in
      spastic adults and children with cerebral palsy. In normal subjects the increase
      in tension of the triceps surae in the stance phase of gait is mainly due to an
      increase in gastrocnemius and soleus EMG. In spastic patients the abnormally high
      tension development in triceps surae is due more to passive muscle stretch, for
      the reciprocally organized leg muscle EMG is reduced. It is concluded that the
      leg extensor muscles in spastic patients exhibit a pseudostretch-reflex behavior
      due to their mechanical properties, and that this is mainly responsible for
      muscle hypertonia. The coactivation of the leg muscles seen in children with
      cerebral palsy, which also is seen in the stepping of the newborn, suggests
      impaired maturation of the neuronal locomotor pattern.

PMID- 6825759
TI  - Effects of serotonin and morphine on spontaneous and evoked firing of nociceptive
      neurons in the trigeminal spinal nucleus of rats.
AB  - Spontaneously firing neurons that were responsive to noxious face pinch or
      noxious heat were studied in the trigeminal spinal nucleus of the rat brain.
      These neurons responded with either an increase or decrease in firing rate. In
      these neurons serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) apparently acts through two
      mechanisms to attenuate the response to a noxious stimulus. One mechanism is
      mimicked by morphine; these two drugs block the response to the noxious stimuli
      without having a consistent effect on spontaneous firing. The effects of the two
      drugs were somewhat selective depending on the noxious stimulus used and the
      effect of the noxious stimulus; morphine and 5-HT were more effective in blocking
      the increase in firing rate evoked by the face pinch but 5-HT and morphine were
      more effective in blocking the decrease in firing rate evoked by the noxious heat
      stimulus. Interestingly, the direction of the response to a particular noxious
      stimulus frequently predicted whether or not both morphine and 5-HT would act on
      the same or different neurons. A second mechanism by which 5-HT, but not
      morphine, acted was to change the spontaneous firing in a direction opposite that
      evoked by the noxious stimulus. This type of effect apparently modulated the
      response to a noxious stimulus by changing the spontaneous firing rate such that
      a noxious stimulus had to be more intense before it could significantly alter the
      neuronal firing in the opposite direction. Morphine occasionally produced a
      change in firing pattern in neurons; this effect remains to be documented more
      extensively.

PMID- 6825760
TI  - Permanent deficits in lordosis behavior in female rats with lesions of the
      ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN)
      significantly attentuated lordosis behavior in the female rat. The degree of this
      deficit was significantly correlated with the amount of damage to the VMN. There
      was no improvement in lordosis performance even after an extended recovery
      period.

PMID- 6825761
TI  - Possible manifestation of the dystrophic X chromosome in muscle cultures from
      carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Multilayer cell clusters have been observed before confluence and before myotube
      formation in muscle cell cultures derived from open biopsies of 7 of 14 (50%)
      female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in a high percentage of other
      dystrophic cultures. By contrast, this abnormality was seen in only 12 of 204
      (6%) muscle biopsies from patients with other neuromuscular disorders. It appears
      that cluster formation is independent of the amount of connective tissue present
      in vivo, because histopathological analysis of the carrier biopsies showed
      increased endomysial connective tissue in only two cases. These results suggest
      that cluster formation is an expression of a myogenic defect and that it may be a
      manifestation of the genetic abnormality in X-linked muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6825762
TI  - Water deprivation: beneficial effect on muscular dystrophy in chickens.
AB  - Chicks affected with hereditary muscular dystrophy were deprived of water for 1
      to 4 days at ages to 37 days ex ovo. Water deprivation partially alleviated
      impaired righting ability and reduced the typically elevated plasma creatine
      kinase activity by as much as 90%. Muscles from water-deprived chicks showed
      several qualitative histologic improvements, including decreased sarcoplasmic
      staining for acetylcholinesterase activity, reduced fiber diameters, and a
      decreased incidence of abnormally large rounded fibers, but retained the high
      degree of fiber diameter variability characteristic of dystrophic muscles. Feed
      deprivation reduced body weight to a similar extent as water deprivation but had
      lesser effects on creatine kinase activity and did not improve righting ability
      or muscle histology. Although the mechanism of the improvements is unknown, the
      magnitude and scope of the effects suggest that water deprivation beneficially
      alters a major abnormality in dystrophic chickens.

PMID- 6825763
TI  - Axon end-bulb swellings and rapid retrograde degeneration after retinal lesions
      in young animals.
AB  - After making a lesion of the retina, anterograde (Wallerian) and retrograde
      degeneration of optic axons occurred more rapidly in newborn mice than in adults.
      Axon sprouting occurred only in adult mice, perhaps because retrograde
      degeneration may have been too rapid and severe for sprouting to occur in
      newborns. Retinal lesions in mice of any age produced end-bulb swellings
      initially on both sides of the lesion. In all animals, dense packing of lysosomes
      and other organelles occurred in end-bulbs on the side of Wallerian degeneration
      but did not occur in end-bulbs on the retrograde side, where accumulation of
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum was the most characteristic change. Retrograde end
      bulbs appeared much like growth cones, which sprouted in adults, but degenerated
      in younger animals. Continuing daily enlargement of end-bulb swellings was noted
      on the Wallerian side of lesions in adults, but not in newborns. Such enlargement
      is believed to have resulted from retrograde axoplasmic transport and suggests
      that such transport may be greater in adults than in newborns.

PMID- 6825764
TI  - Decrease in acetylcholine receptor number correlated with increased naturally
      occurring trochlear motor neuron death during development.
AB  - It has been observed that daily application of neostigmine onto the
      chorioallantoic membrane drastically reduced the total number of acetylcholine
      receptors in the superior oblique muscle of duck embryos. Here the effects of
      neostigmine on the magnitude of naturally occurring death of trochlear motor
      neurons during embryonic development were investigated. There was an enhanced
      loss of neurons in the neostigmine-treated embryos. Neostigmine neither affected
      the initial production of normal numbers of motor neurons nor had any direct
      toxic effect on their ultrastructure. The decrease in muscle activity did not
      always correlate with increased motor neuron survival. There may be a
      relationship between acetylcholine receptor distribution and naturally occurring
      neuronal death.

PMID- 6825765
TI  - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on rapidly and slowly conducting axons of rat corpus
      callosum.
AB  - The action potentials of some normal mammalian peripheral myelinated and non
      myelinated nerve fibers are known to differ with respect to the role of voltage
      dependent potassium currents in membrane repolarization. Because comparable
      differences have not been fully established for mammalian cerebral axons, the
      present work examined the influence of the potassium blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4
      AP), on field potentials in the rat corpus callosum. Three successive negative
      waves could be detected in field potentials obtained with recording electrodes
      positioned several millimeters from the site of callosal stimulation. Spatial and
      functional properties of these field components indicated that the two shorter
      latency waves were due to activity in callosal fibers. Furthermore, the
      discontinuity of the first and second waves, not only with respect to latency but
      also in pattern of recruitment and in refractoriness, suggested that they largely
      reflected activity in respective myelinated and nonmyelinated groups of callosal
      fibers. When 4-AP was injected into the callosum, or superfused onto surgically
      exposed callosal fibers, the duration and amplitude of the second negative wave
      were markedly increased. The first negative wave either was not affected or was
      reduced in amplitude by 4-AP application. This contrasting effect was identical
      to that known to distinguish normal myelinated and nonmyelinated mammalian
      peripheral nerve fibers and provided some evidence suggesting that mammalian
      cerebral axons have a functional organization similar to that of peripheral
      fibers.

PMID- 6825766
TI  - Development of sleep-waking temporal sequencing in infants at risk for the Sudden
      Infant Death Syndrome.
AB  - The periodic organization of waking, quiet sleep, and active sleep was studied in
      control infants and siblings of victims of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
      Spectral estimates of all-night binary state time series recorded at 1 week and
      1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months of age revealed disturbed patterns of sleep states,
      especially in active sleep, from as early as the first week of life. These
      disruptions continued until at least 6 months of age. These data support the
      contention that the temporal patterning of sleep state can be used as an
      important neurologic marker for development.

PMID- 6825767
TI  - Differential blood-brain barrier permeabilities to [14C]sucrose and [3H]inulin
      after osmotic opening in the rat.
AB  - The blood-brain barrier (B-BB) in 3-month-old rats was opened unilaterally by
      infusing 1.8 m L(+)arabinose in water into the internal carotid artery through a
      catheter in the external carotid. Two poorly penetrating uncharged test
      radiotracers of differing molecular weight and size, [14C]sucrose (340 daltons,
      radius 5 A) and [3H]inulin (5500 daltons, radius 15 A), were simultaneously
      injected i.v. in untreated rats, or rats at 1, 30, or 50 min after infusion of
      hypertonic arabinose solution. Evans-blue solution was injected 5 min prior to
      osmotic treatment as a visual indicator of barrier integrity. In regions of
      uninfused control brains, the [14C]sucrose permeability-surface area (PA) product
      approximated 10(-5) s-1, whereas PA was not measurable for [3H]inulin. In
      arabinose-infused animals, PA products on the ipsilateral hemisphere for both
      [14C]sucrose and [3H]inulin were markedly elevated 6 min after infusion, but
      decreased by 35 and 55 min. In nearly all regions, statistically significant
      differences were not found between 6-min [14C]sucrose- and [3H]inulin-PA values
      (P greater than 0.05). However, at 35 and 55 min in most regions, the PA for
      [3H]inulin was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than PA for [14C]sucrose.
      The results indicated that the B-BB closed more rapidly to larger than to smaller
      molecules after osmotic treatment and were consistent with a pore model for
      osmotic B-BB opening.

PMID- 6825768
TI  - Cholesterol ester content and activities of the ester metabolizing enzymes in
      jpmsd mouse brain.
AB  - The free and esterified cholesterol content, and the activities of cholesterol
      esterifying and the ester hydrolyzing enzyme in brain tissue from myelin
      synthesis-deficient mutant jpmsd mice and normal littermates were determined.
      Results showed that cholesterol ester content was high in the brain of jpmsd
      affected mice and that the esterification of cholesterol in vitro, with or
      without added fatty acids was also high in the brain tissue of the affected
      mutant mice. The data suggest that the increase in cholesterol ester
      concentrations in the brain of jpmsd-affected mutant mice occurs as a result of
      increased synthesis rather than decreased hydrolysis.

PMID- 6825769
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the red blood cells
      of GSH-normal and GSH-deficient sheep.
AB  - Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
      catalase were measured in the red blood cells of glutathione(GSH)-normal and GSH
      deficient sheep. There were no significant differences in any of the 3 enzyme
      activities measured in the 2 groups of sheep. Also, there was no relationship
      between GSH level and the enzyme activity. These results suggest that inspite of
      large differences in GSH levels, the red blood cells from GSH-normal and GSH
      deficient Merino sheep appear to have similar response to oxidative stress
      against which GSH is credited to play a major role.

PMID- 6825770
TI  - Synthesis of [1-Aib]-angiotensin II, an analogue with higher potency than [1
      Asn,5-Val]-angiotensin II.
AB  - [1-Aib]-angiotensin II was synthesized by Merrifield's solid-phase procedure. The
      analogue, tested on rabbit aorta strips, showed intrinsic activity alpha E = 1,
      and when tested on rat blood pressure it gave a pD2 of 8.06; a 3.2 +/- 1.3-fold
      higher potency than the Ciba-Hypertensin standard.

PMID- 6825771
TI  - An early effect of testosterone propionate upon hypothalamic function in the
      neonatal rat.
AB  - Rats treated neonatally with testosterone propionate exhibit a reduced uterine
      growth response to estradiol administration prepubertally. This androgen-induced
      impairment is the consequence of developmental effects on both the ovary and the
      hypothalamic-pituitary complex, although the latter is the more sensitive.

PMID- 6825772
TI  - 4-Aminopyridine and fiber potentials in rat and human hippocampal slices.
AB  - Compound fiber action potentials of stratum radiatum afferents in slices from
      human and rat hippocampus are shown to be prolonged by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP).
      This action can explain the enormous increase in synaptic transmitter release
      caused by 4-AP.

PMID- 6825774
TI  - The biological aging process.

PMID- 6825775
TI  - Exchange of water between the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, and the
      environment.
AB  - During determination of total body water and net water turnover in the harbor
      porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, it was demonstrated that the porpoise exchanged
      water with an isosmotic environment by way of free diffusion and with hypo- or
      hyperosmotic environment by way of osmosis.

PMID- 6825773
TI  - Elimination kinetics of iopamidol, a new water soluble nonionic radiographic
      contrast medium, analyzed by radioactivation.
AB  - We have studied the elimination kinetics of iopamidol employing radioactivation
      and radiochemical separation. This method offers the advantage of guaranteeing
      absolutely no interference by radiation with tissue distribution or elimination
      kinetics of the analyzed compound. Our results show that iopamidol does not cross
      the blood-brain barrier, has no effect on thyroid iodine uptake and does not
      accumulate in the liver.

PMID- 6825776
TI  - Hypothermia induced in mice by injection of venom sac extract of hornets (Vespa
      orientalis, vespinae: hymenoptera).
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection into naive and immunized albino mice of Oriental hornet
      venom sac aqueous extract induces within 3 h an 8-10 degrees C and 3-4 degrees C
      drop in body temperature, respectively. The fall in temperature is dose
      dependent. The responsible fraction(s) in the venom is of high molecular weight.

PMID- 6825777
TI  - Membrane potential of vascular mono- and multinuclear endothelial cells cultured
      in vitro.
AB  - Membrane potential (-19.1 mV) and fraction (about 1%) of multinuclear endothelial
      cells from calf aorta (in vitro) were determined and compared with mononuclear
      cells (-8.2 mV).

PMID- 6825778
TI  - Interactions between basic proteins and stimulatory protein kinase modulator.
AB  - The interactions of a number of basic proteins with stimulatory protein kinase
      modulator (PKMs) from the mouse brain were measured by absorbance at 360 nm. Such
      interactions were not altered in the presence of Mg2+ at low concentrations.

PMID- 6825779
TI  - Indication of reduced doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity by additional
      treatment with antioxidative substances.
AB  - The influence of antioxidative substances on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity
      was studied in C 57 BL mice. Tocopherol (500 mg/kg), glutathione (1000 mg/kg),
      cysteamine (15 mg/kg) and L-cysteine (1000 mg/kg), injected i.p. 24 h before
      doxorubicin treatment (15 mg/kg i.p.) were able to reduce malonaldehyde
      production in cardiac tissues significantly. SH-containing substances with high
      reducing activity, such as vitamin E, could be a useful tool in clinical trials
      to prevent doxorubicin induced cardiac damage.

PMID- 6825780
TI  - Serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus level of Rana tigrina in response to
      glucagon administration.
AB  - In Rana tigrina, i.p. injection of glucagon (1 mg/kg/day) evokes a progressive
      hypocalcemia up to day 3 which declines after day 5. It also induces
      hypophosphatemia which continues throughout the experiment.

PMID- 6825781
TI  - Superoxide dismutase activity in rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - Reticulocytosis was induced in rabbits by bleeding anemia and erythrocyte
      superoxide dismutase activity was determined. Reticulocytes were found to contain
      about 1.3 times as much activity as mature erythrocytes.

PMID- 6825782
TI  - Metabolism of resorcinol and salicylate in Aspergillus niger.

PMID- 6825784
TI  - Studies on the Dd antigen-antibody system. III. Investigations on antigen Dd
      reactivity in families.

PMID- 6825783
TI  - Endothelial cell coat modifications in rat thoracic aorta. Effect of ovariectomy
      and cigarette smoke.
AB  - The effects of acute cigarette smoking and bilateral ovariectomy on the thickness
      of rat aortic cell coat (Con A) were investigated. Ovariectomized rats showed a
      significant increase in the thickness of the cell coat. When cigarette smoking
      was combined with ovariectomy the thickness of the reaction product was similar
      to controls. Cigarette smoke without ovariectomy resulted in a decreased
      thickness, but these changes were not significant.

PMID- 6825786
TI  - Studies on the Dd antigen-antibody system. II. Antigen Dd reactivity in some
      north indian populations.
AB  - The frequency of antigen Dd-reactors has been recorded in Muslims and Buddhists
      from Ladakh, in Rana Tharus from Uttar Pradesh and in two samples of largely Jat
      Sikh origin from Punjab, all in India. The results show a wide range of
      variation, from 0% in the Rana Tharus to 25% in the Punjabi blood donors, of
      incidence of antigen Dd-reactivity in these populations.

PMID- 6825787
TI  - Cellular damage and recovery of the early developing mouse eye following low dose
      irradiation. II. X-rays on day 9 of gestation.
AB  - Mouse embryos on day 9 of gestation were exposed in utero to 90 rad X-rays. At
      different time intervals after treatment the eye primordia were examined for cell
      death. The irradiation caused an altered necrosis pattern compared with day 8,
      and massive cell killing during a limited time period. The rapid recovery from
      the pronounced damage points to a high restitution efficiency of the involved
      tissue.

PMID- 6825785
TI  - ABO system incompatibility: evaluation of risk of hyperbilirubinaemia at birth by
      multivariate discriminant analysis.
AB  - A discriminant analysis was performed on a set of maternal and neonatal variables
      to predict at birth the serum bilirubin levels during the neonatal period in
      infants incompatible with their mothers in the ABO system. The results suggest
      that the rational and simultaneous utilization of clinical and laboratory
      parameters allows, a few hours after delivery, a useful classification of these
      infants in low or high risk for hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 6825789
TI  - EEG and sleep in aged hospitalized patients with senile dementia: 24-h
      recordings.
AB  - Polygraphic recordings of wake and sleep were performed on 10 partly bed-ridden,
      severely deteriorated patients with senile dementia. Compared with healthy
      elderly persons these subjects showed less SWS (slow wave sleep, characterized by
      high amplitude, slow EEG waves), less REM sleep (rapid eye movement sleep,
      usually accompanied by dream activity) and poorly organized stage 2 sleep (no
      sleep spindles, i.e. phasic EEG activity with a frequency of 12-14 Hz). Six of
      the 10 patients had no dominant alpha rhythm during wakefulness; this seemed to
      be related to their more deteriorated clinical state, to still less SWS and REM
      sleep and more time spent in stage 2. The basic NREM-REM cycle of sleep, i.e. the
      regular alternation between non-REM- and REM-periods, could still be
      distinguished, however, and showed similar average temporal characteristics as in
      healthy old and younger people. Similarly, although sleep was severely fragmented
      in most patients and many sleep episodes occurred during the day, the day-night
      alternation of wakefulness and sleep was maintained in the sample as a whole.

PMID- 6825788
TI  - The locus coeruleus: actions of psychoactive drugs.
AB  - The locus coeruleus is one of the most thoroughly investigated mammalian brain
      areas. Its fibers innervate large parts of the neuraxis, in particular, areas
      involved in cognitive functions such as the cortex and the hippocampus. A role of
      locus coeruleus has been proposed in such processes as memory, the control of
      vigilance, blood pressure and others. Results obtained in this and other
      laboratories demonstrate that the firing rate of locus coeruleus neurons is
      affected by a great number of psychoactive agents such as antidepressants, minor
      tranquillizers, neuroleptics, psychostimulants and certain psychogeriatric drugs.
      We have attempted to correlate the data obtained on the cell bodies of locus
      coeruleus with studies reporting effects on terminal areas and thereby gain an
      overall view of the action of the above mentioned drugs on this cell system. The
      activity of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus is thought to correlate with
      the level of cortical vigilance. Special emphasis is placed on the finding that a
      number of drugs which exert a positive effect on cognitive functions in man and
      animals increase the firing rate of the rat locus coeruleus neurons.

PMID- 6825790
TI  - Heat shock response in the Atlantic sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata.

PMID- 6825792
TI  - A nonenzymic oxygen uptake and its implications in the assay of 4
      hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by an oxygen electrode.

PMID- 6825793
TI  - Comparison of circulating lipoprotein lipase activity in Zucker fa/fa and Fa/
      rats.

PMID- 6825791
TI  - Differential activation of two monoamine oxidase types by oxygen.

PMID- 6825794
TI  - Regulation of lactate dehydrogenase activity: reversible and isoenzyme-specific
      inhibition of the tetramerization process by peptides.
AB  - The transition of inactive lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) subunits to functional
      tetramers is controlled by 2 naturally-occurring peptides. One of these peptides
      inhibits the folding/association/activation process of H-LDH and the other
      peptide, the reconstitution of M-LDH, NADH and NAD+ are isoenzyme-specific
      antagonists of the 2 inhibitory peptides.

PMID- 6825796
TI  - Mast cells in the pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane. a quantitative
      morphological and biochemical study in the rat.

PMID- 6825795
TI  - Trace metals and melanogenesis.

PMID- 6825797
TI  - Elimination of selenium compounds by mice through formation of different volatile
      selenides.

PMID- 6825798
TI  - Effect of the insecticide Sumithion (Fenitrothion) on embryonic development in a
      frog.
AB  - The toxic effects of Sumithion on developing embryos of a frog, Microhyla ornata,
      were investigated for a period of 96 h. Abnormalities observed were loss of
      balance, abnormal behavior, curvature of the body axis, poor pigmentation, feeble
      circulation in the tail, blisters on the body, distension of body cavities and
      retarded growth.

PMID- 6825799
TI  - Irritating substance extracted from the Thaumetopoea pityocampa caterpillar;
      mechanism of action.
AB  - Hairs of the Thaumetopoea pityocampa caterpillar (Lepidoptera) cause cutaneous
      reactions in men and animals. A soluble substance extracted from the hairs has
      been shown to cause a reaction in guinea-pig skin, probably caused by mediators
      released by mast cells. A direct effect of this substance on mast cells has been
      shown. Degranulation of mast cells was found to be dose-dependent. Heating of
      this substance greatly reduced its effects. Proteins fractions are currently
      being extracted and will be submitted to the same tests.

PMID- 6825801
TI  - Lens forming transformations in larval Xenopus laevis induced by denatured eye
      cup or its whole protein complement.
AB  - Implants of lensectomized eye placed between the outer and inner cornea,
      denatured by ethanol treatment and implants of total protein pellets from
      homogenates of lensectomized eyes, induce lens-forming transformations of the
      outer cornea of larval Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 6825800
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in fawn-hooded rats.
AB  - Fawn-hooded (FH) rats were shown to lack the genetically conditioned defect of
      natural killer (NK) activity hypothesized to be present by analogy with the
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) in mice and human beings. In 4-h 51Cr release
      assays, splenic NK cells from FH rats killed YAC-1, RL male l and G1-TC tumor
      targets without deficiency based upon comparison with cells from BD-IV, BD-IX and
      NBR inbred rat strains. Progeny of BD X FH F1 rats backcrossed to FH failed to
      reveal a correlation of reduced NK activity and dilute coat color. From these,
      and other data presented, it is concluded that despite similarities in coat color
      dilution and platelet storage pool deficiency. FH rats do not closely resemble
      CHS mice or human beings in having deficient NK activity and cannot be considered
      the rat homolog of the CHS.

PMID- 6825802
TI  - Morphogenetic effects of evans blue and of zinc ions in embryos of Lytechinus
      variegatus.
AB  - Morphogenetic effects of evans blue and of Zn++ in Lytechinus variegatus embryos
      are described. Viable unhatched maximally-animalized embryos were induced with
      4.2 X 10(-5) M evans blue and with 4-8 X 10(-4) M ZnCl2. Hatching inhibition was
      reversed only with ZnCl2 suggesting that Zn++ is the preferred animalizing agent
      in this sea urchin species.

PMID- 6825803
TI  - Teratogenic effects of azaserine in the Syrian golden hamster.

PMID- 6825804
TI  - Spontaneous AKR lymphomas differ in their degree of malignancy and sensitivity to
      the polysaccharide levan.
AB  - Spontaneous AKR lymphomas differ in their biological behavior as judged by
      formation of local tumors at the site of inoculation, latency in the appearance
      of both local and distant tumors and mean survival time of the mice. Spontaneous
      AKR lymphomas differ markedly in their sensitivity to levan (polyfructose). An
      inverse correlation was observed between the degree of malignancy and sensitivity
      to levan.

PMID- 6825805
TI  - Comparison of DMSO and glycerol as cryoprotectants for ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Mouse Ehrlich ascites and rat D23 ascites tumors were stored in liquid nitrogen
      under identical conditions for up to 3 years. Cell viability (trypan blue
      exclusion) and transplantability of both tumors in animals remained virtually
      unaffected if preserved in 10% DMSO containing medium, whereas, cells preserved
      in 10% glycerol failed to produce lethal tumors in rodents.

PMID- 6825806
TI  - Influence of adrenalectomy on vitamin B6 status.
AB  - Adrenalectomy results in depletion of vitamin B6 stores. This depletion is rapid
      and significant in liver, as compared to brain. When the adrenalectomized rats
      are fed with excess vitamin B6 or injected with corticosterone, the normal
      vitamin levels are maintained. Thus, it is possible that adrenocortical hormones
      help in the retention of vitamin B6 in the body.

PMID- 6825807
TI  - The effect of daily evening isoproterenol administration on reproductive organ
      growth in male rats treated neonatally with testosterone propionate.

PMID- 6825808
TI  - alpha-Particle track autoradiography for localization of a 211At-astatinated
      drug.
AB  - A potential endoradiotherapeutic drug, 6-211At-astato-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinol
      bis (diphosphate salt), incorporating the alpha-emitting radio-halogen astatine
      211 of half-life 7.2 h, is shown to be valuable for localization studies by means
      of alpha-particle track autoradiography in malignant and normal cells and tissues
      in the mouse with transplanted adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 6825810
TI  - The influence of formulation excipients on the gastro-lesivity of a drug.

PMID- 6825809
TI  - Multi-electrode recording system for the study of spatio-temporal activity
      patterns of neurons in the central nervous system.
AB  - A new type of recording microelectrode with mechanical and electrical properties
      suitable for use in microelectrode assemblies for neurophysiological studies in
      the central nervous system was developed by adaptation of principles from optical
      fiber technology. A microdrive for independent positioning of up to 7 electrodes
      for the recording of electrical activity from individual neurons was constructed.
      It operates by the combined action of a stepping motor and a system of
      independently controllable piezoelectric clutches and brakes for each electrode.

PMID- 6825811
TI  - [Procedure for the optimization of HPLC. Examples of the separation of organic
      acids].

PMID- 6825812
TI  - [Action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on central and peripheral sympathetic
      mechanisms].
AB  - Acute experiments were made on cats to record bioelectrical responses in T3, L2
      4, white rami, and in postganglionic sympathetic branches that innervate blood
      vessels of the skin and skeletal muscles under stimulation of segmental nerves
      and descending vasopressor pathways. The GABA effects on the sympathetic nervous
      system were dissimilar, suggesting different sites of the inhibitory and
      activation effects of the drug in central (specific action) and peripheral
      (adrenergic action) components of the system.

PMID- 6825813
TI  - [Effect of imidazo(1,2-f)xanthine derivatives on cerebral cortical bioelectrical
      activity and evoked potentials].
AB  - Potassium salt of 8-bromotheophylline was made interact with alpha-bromoketones
      to obtain initial products (7-acylalkyl-8-bromotheophyllines) for the synthesis
      of the derivatives of 1H-imidazo(1,2-f)xanthine. 1-(beta-Oxyethyl)-2,3,6,8
      tetramethylimidazo(1,2-f)xanthine and 1,2,6,8-tetramethylimidazo (1,2-f)xanthine
      were discovered to have a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, to
      increase the amplitude of evoked potentials of the visceral, auditory and
      cutaneous projection zones of the brain cortex, and to improve rhythm
      assimilation.

PMID- 6825815
TI  - [Effect of haloperidol on the chemoexcitability of identified giant neurons of
      mollusks].

PMID- 6825814
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on m-serotonin-reactive structures].

PMID- 6825816
TI  - [Effect of tranquilizers on the course of myocardial ischemia and on myocardial
      resistance to hypoxia in coronary artery occlusion].
AB  - It was shown that meprobamate and phenazepam protect the myocardium from hypoxia
      and decrease myocardial ischemia during coronary occlusion. Phenibut and mebicar
      reduce the tolerance to ischemia and increase the degree of ischemic injury to
      the heart. Diazepam has no effect on these processes.

PMID- 6825817
TI  - [Obzidan inhibition of lipid free-radical peroxidation in coronary-occluding
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - Studies on spontaneous lipid chemiluminescence, the concentration of malonic
      dialdehyde and Schiff bases in the zone of ischemia and myocardial infarction in
      rats with myocardial infarction induced by coronary occlusion have shown that
      obsidan (propranolol) inhibits free radical lipid peroxidation. The drug
      increases the animals' survival rate, improves the ECG readings, diminishes the
      size of the infarct zone, reduces the number of postcoronary occlusion
      arrhythmias, and exerts an antifibrillatory action. Inhibition of free radical
      lipid peroxidation plays a role in the therapeutic effect of obsidan.

PMID- 6825818
TI  - [Effect of theophylline on the calcium balance in the blood vessels and
      myocardium].
AB  - Administration of theophylline to rabbits increases the content of total calcium
      and that of 45Ca in the blood vessels, myocardium and red cells upon 20-minute
      exposition of 45Ca, without changing the parameters under test upon 3-hour
      exposition of 45Ca. After theophylline administration the volume of exchange
      fractions of calcium ions increased.

PMID- 6825819
TI  - [Effect of hypothermia and anti-angina preparations with malonate-like action on
      myocardial glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation].
AB  - It has been discovered that hypothermia under 20 degrees C produces no effect on
      the reactions of anaerobic glycolysis and lactate level in the rat and dog
      myocardium during ischemia and anoxia. At the same time hypothermia reduces 8-10
      fold the rate of free and conjugated mitochondrial respiration, which is similar
      to the malonate-like action of a number of antianginal drugs. Based on the fact
      that hypothermia protects the tissues from ischemic lesions it is concluded that
      inhibition of mitochondrial respiration with the drugs having a malonate-like
      action or with other mechanisms is to also protect the myocardium at early times
      of acute ischemia.

PMID- 6825820
TI  - [Hemodynamic mechanism of the hypotensive action of beta-phenyl-GABA esters
      (phenibut)].
AB  - It was established in acute and chronic experiments on cats that phenibut ethers
      are 7-10 times more potent than phenibut itself as regards hypotensive activity
      and produce inconsistent effects on the cardio- and hemodynamics. Of these
      ethers, methyl ether of phenibut is the most powerful agent. It causes lasting
      hypotension when given in doses of 1/50 and 1/30 of the LD50 at the cost of a
      decrease in the general peripheral resistance. At the same time, apart from
      raising the blood inflow to the heart and cardiac output, the drug has a
      compensated adverse ino- and chronotropic action on the heart.

PMID- 6825822
TI  - [Sodium sulfacil permeability across membrane structures of various degrees of
      organization as affected by a low-frequency magnetic field].

PMID- 6825821
TI  - [Corticoid-like action of liniments based on licorice root preparations].

PMID- 6825826
TI  - [Teaching of clinical pharmacology in East Germany medical schools].

PMID- 6825824
TI  - [Effect of diamide derivatives of imidazole- and pyrazoledicarboxylic acids on
      glyolysis indices depending on their structural characteristics].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of diamide derivatives of imidazole- and pyrazole
      dicarboxylic acids on blood glycolysis in rabbits depending on structural and
      conformational features of the molecules. It was shown that glycolysis is
      affected by the position and magnitude of an alkyl substituent in the
      heterocyclic part of the molecule. An essential role in the manifestation of
      metabolic activity is played by structural similarity of the test compounds to
      the adenine molecule.

PMID- 6825825
TI  - [Experimental antioxidant pharmacotherapy of liver injuries].
AB  - It has been shown in rats with experimental hepatitis that sodium selenite and
      vegetable polyphenol complexes of Malus Pallasiana Juz., Schabiosa comosa F ex.
      R. et Sch., Odontites serotina Dum., Gentiana barbata Froel, have antioxidant
      action. Experiments on rabbits and rats have demonstrated the pathogenetic
      importance of activation of free-radical lipid oxidation during ischemic and
      toxic injuries to the liver and biliferous ducts.

PMID- 6825823
TI  - [Effect of vitamin K3 on the redox chain enzyme activity of the rat liver
      endoplasmic network and the hydroxylation of amidopyrine, ethylmorphine and
      aniline].
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection of vitamin K3 into male rats activates NADP H
      ferritochromo-c-oxidoreductase in membranes of hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum.
      As the vitamin dose is raised up to 50 mg/kg, the function of NADP . H
      nitrotetrasolium-reductases also increases. Administration of the vitamin in a
      dose of 70 mg/kg per os for 10 days brings about activation of NADP . H- and NADP
      . H-nitrotetrasolium-reductases along with an appreciable increase in the rate of
      N-demethylation of amidopyrine and p-hydroxylation of aniline.

PMID- 6825827
TI  - [Hypouricemic activity of various 4-phenylthio-3-pyridinesulfonamides].

PMID- 6825828
TI  - [Effect of pentoxifylline on the dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin].
AB  - In 9 subjects with peripheral vascular insufficiencies the AA. have studied the
      behaviour of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve before and after
      pentoxyphilline infusion. After this drug no variations were observed as it
      regards MCHC, 2-3-DPG and so on; however a positive correlation was found between
      2-3-DPG and the Hill number. These results suggest that 2-3-DPG may influence the
      Hill number (which is the expression of the gradient of the oxyhaemoglobin
      dissociation curve) and therefore may interfere with O2 transport.

PMID- 6825829
TI  - Preliminary pharmacobiological study of new steroidal sapogenins.
AB  - The chemotherapeutic study of a limited series of steroidal sapogenins from
      several endemic species of the flora of the Canary Islands is presented here. On
      the whole, they possess a very weak antibacterial activity, a slight antifungal
      effect and one of them, vespertilin, displays interesting cytostatic activity
      (ID50 = 5 micrograms/ml). A pharmacodynamic screening carried out on this product
      mainly revealed very slight toxicity, antihistaminic activity and a light
      tranquilizing effect. The data obtained justify further research.

PMID- 6825830
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of the carboxamides of pyrazolo-1,2
      benzothiazine and isoxazolo-1,2-benzothiazine (I)].

PMID- 6825831
TI  - [Synthesis, antisecretory and antiulcerogenic activity of N-(2
      acylaminophenyl)glyoxalyl-N'-acylhydrazines and N-(2
      benzoylaminophenyl)glyoxalylamides].

PMID- 6825832
TI  - N-phenyl 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-6-cis-amine derivatives with
      hypotensive activity II.

PMID- 6825833
TI  - Evaluation of activity on capillary permeability of synthetic flavonoids.

PMID- 6825834
TI  - [Synthesis and hypotriglyceridemic effect of various 2-phenylthis-3
      pyridinesulfonamides].

PMID- 6825837
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for tauro-beta-muricholic acid suitable for use with isolated
      rat liver cells.
AB  - A new radioimmunoassay which can be used to measure the amounts of tauro-beta
      muricholic acid produced by isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro is described. Cross
      reactivities of other bile acids known to be present in rat liver with the
      antiserum used in the assay were not sufficient to interfere with the measurement
      of tauro-beta-muricholic acid. Exogenous taurochenodeoxycholic acid was
      metabolised by isolated rat hepatocytes concurrently with the appearance of tauro
      beta-muricholic acid in the cell.

PMID- 6825835
TI  - Dual modulation of hepatic and intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity by (de-)phosphorylation and substrate supply in vitro.
AB  - Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in microsomes from rat
      liver and rat intestinal epithelial cells was increased by incubation of the
      microsomes with the 100 000 x g supernatant fraction in the presence of ATP/MgCl2
      and NaF. The measured activity was further increased by including cholesterol
      rich liposomes in the preincubation. The ACAT activity in rat liver microsomes
      could be inhibited by preincubation in the presence of 100 000 x g supernatant
      and MgCl2 and microsomes preactivated by ATP/MgCl2 could also be inhibited in
      this way. The results suggest that ACAT activity in vitro is modulated by
      substrate supply and also reversibly by an ATP-dependent process which may be
      protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 6825836
TI  - Arginine activation of N-acetylglutamate synthetase in mouse liver. Enhancement
      of the sensitivity in vivo by parenteral treatment with inhibitors of nucleic
      acid and protein synthesis.
AB  - N-Acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of N-acetyl-L-glutamate,
      an allosteric and essential activator of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in the
      liver of ureotelic animals. The enzyme is activated specifically by arginine. We
      report here that the sensitivity of the synthetase to activation by arginine
      increases markedly after intraperitoneal administration to mice of inhibitors of
      nucleic acid and protein synthesis, including actinomycin D, aurintricarboxylic
      acid, cycloheximide, emetine and puromycin. The effects of cycloheximide were
      investigated in detail and an amino acid analysis was made of the homogenate of
      freeze-clamped livers of control or cycloheximide-treated mice.

PMID- 6825839
TI  - Rifamycin B oxidase from Monocillium spp., a new type of diphenol oxidase.
AB  - It was found that enzyme from a microbial strain, Monocillium spp. ATCC 20621,
      catalyzed the oxidative reaction of rifamycin B to form rifamycin O. The
      identification of the reaction products suggested that the reaction proceeded by
      the oxidative cyclization of rifamycin B to give rifamycin O, which spontaneously
      hydrolyzed to rifamycin S in neutral aqueous milieu. The characteristic of the
      enzyme was different as compared with that of other polyphenol oxidases such as
      laccase. It is proposed that this new type of enzyme be classified into a
      subgroup EC 1.10.3.6 with a trivial name rifamycin B oxidase.

PMID- 6825840
TI  - Phosphorylation of fibronectin in quiescent and growing cell cultures.
AB  - Phosphorylation of fibronectin was studied in quiescent vs growing cells from
      several species. Fibronectin secreted by actively growing cells exhibits a
      significantly higher level of phosphorylation than does the fibronectin secreted
      by quiescent cells of the same species.

PMID- 6825838
TI  - Studies on the degranulation test for carcinogens.
AB  - The radiometric assay of degranulation of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum by
      chemical carcinogens has been re-examined. Both 1,2,3,4,- and 1,25,6
      dibenzanthracenes caused degranulation of rough membranes in vitro; with
      acetamidofluorenes and naphthylamines the carcinogenic analogues caused
      moderately greater degranulation. Degranulation by 1,2,3,4-dibenzantracene was
      rapid and was maximal after 5 min incubation. Pretreatment of animals with
      phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene increased the fraction of rough membranes,
      but these were not fully granulated. The assay is limited in specificity and
      sensitivity because the 1.35 M sucrose gradient does not effectively separate
      rough and smooth membranes, and sedimented membranes are contaminated with
      aggregates of free ribosomes.

PMID- 6825841
TI  - Characterization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in preparations of
      tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins.
AB  - Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, determined by the hydrolysis of p
      nitrophenyl phosphate, was found in preparations of microtubules purified from
      bovine brain by temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly and ion-exchange
      chromatography. Phosphocellulose-purified tubulin contained an associated acid
      phosphatase activity, stimulated by Mg2+ and by Zn2+. Alkaline phosphatase
      activity with a pH optimum of 10.4 was measured in a fraction of microtubule
      associated proteins (MAPs). Kinetics and the effects of sodium fluoride, sodium
      tartrate, sulfhydryl-blocking agents, EDTA and Zn2+ are reported.

PMID- 6825842
TI  - Primary structure of a novel N-glycosidic carbohydrate unit, derived from hen
      ovomucoid. A 500-MHz 1H-NMR study.
AB  - The N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains of hen beta-ovomucoid were released from the
      protein by hydrazinolysis, and separated by HPLC. Primary structural analysis of
      3 major fractions was conducted by applying 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in
      combination with methylation analysis. One of the fractions investigated appeared
      to consist of an intersected penta-antennary structure extended with one Gal
      residue. The location of the latter in a certain branch could be established
      unambiguously by NMR. This structure is a novel member of the family of N
      glycosidic carbohydrates of glycoproteins.

PMID- 6825843
TI  - Antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin on microsomal lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation catalyzed by ADP-Fe3+ was inhibited
      by the addition of caeruloplasmin. The antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin was
      independent of the superoxide anion (O-2) scavenging activity. Since
      caeruloplasmin enhanced the function of ADP-Fe3+ acting as electron acceptor for
      microsomal electron transport system, the antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin is
      considered to depend on the ferroxidase activity.

PMID- 6825844
TI  - Na+ -dependent proline transport in isolated membrane vesicles from the L6 muscle
      cell line. Stimulation of uptake by intravesicular proline.
AB  - Membrane vesicles of L6 myoblasts were prepared in order to study the amino acid
      transport system A. The role of the membrane in the adaptive response of
      transport to amino acid-supplementation was assessed. The membranes, prepared by
      N2 cavitation, displayed Na+ (but not K+)-dependent L-proline uptake. An
      overshoot of L-[3H]proline uptake was observed after exposure of the vesicles to
      an inward Na+ gradient. Isolated membrane vesicles loaded with 50 microM proline
      displayed countertransport (stimulation of proline uptake). It is concluded that
      the adaptive decrease of proline uptake observed in amino acid-supplemented cells
      cannot be accounted for by trans-inhibition of transport.

PMID- 6825845
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in skin fibroblasts from patients with osteogenesis
      imperfecta.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans were analysed from skin fibroblasts with osteogenesis
      imperfecta (OI) IIA and IIB. The content of sulphated glycosaminoglycans was
      greatly increased over age-matched controls and to a lesser extent with respect
      to older age control. Dermatan sulphate in comparison with older control was
      unaltered in the cells of OI IIA and IIB. The concentration of heparan sulphate
      was higher in the cells than in the medium, whereas hyaluronic acid, chondroitin
      sulphate and dermatan sulphate content was higher in the medium. The level of
      hyaluronic acid was greatly elevated in the medium of OI IIB with respect to both
      controls.

PMID- 6825846
TI  - Dihydropyridines as potent calcium channel blockers in neuronal cells.
AB  - Nicardipine, one of the dihydropyridine derivatives, in a nanomolar concentration
      range suppressed the high K+ -induced neurotransmitter release from cultured
      neuronal cells (chick embryonic neural retina cells and clonal rat
      pheochromocytoma cells). The high K+ -induced Ca2+ uptake into pheochromocytoma
      cell was also blocked by nicardipine in the same concentration range.
      [3H]Nitrendipine, another dihydropyridine derivative, bound specifically to
      pheochromocytoma cell homogenate in a saturable manner. We concluded that
      dihydropyridines block and bind to the high K+ -sensitive Ca2+ channels in
      neuronal cells.

PMID- 6825847
TI  - Effect of trifluoperazine on 3H-labeled protein secretion induced by
      pentoxifylline, cholinergic or adrenergic agonists in rat lacrimal gland. A
      possible role of calmodulin?

PMID- 6825848
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of glutamate transport on the pathway of glutamate
      oxidation in rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 6825849
TI  - Conformational change of mastoparan from wasp venom on binding with phospholipid
      membrane.
AB  - The conformational change upon binding with phospholipid membrane has been
      studied of mastoparan from wasp venom, a tetradecapeptide causing the
      degranulation of mast cells. The 270-MHz 1H-NMR spectra and CD spectra indicate
      that the mastoparan molecule takes the alpha-helical conformation in methanol
      solution, but a much less ordered form in aqueous solution. On binding with
      phospholipid membrane, the alpha-helical conformation is formed even in aqueous
      medium. Such a conformational change is primarily due to the interaction between
      the aliphatic side chains of mastoparan and the hydrophobic interior of
      phospholipid membrane, in contrast to the case of melittin from bee venom.

PMID- 6825850
TI  - Purification and characterization of two basic spermatid-specific proteins
      isolated from the dog-fish Scylliorhinus caniculus.
AB  - In dog-fish spermatid nuclei two intermediate proteins S1 and S2 replace histones
      before the setting down of protamines. These spermatid-specific proteins were
      isolated by carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography and purified by high pressure
      liquid chromatography. S1 and S2 are characterized by a high content of basic
      residues and by the lack of cysteine and phenylalanine. The determination of
      their amino acid composition and of their N- and C-terminal sequences prove that
      each protein corresponds to a specific molecule which can be considered neither
      as a histone hydrolytic product nor as a protamines precursor.

PMID- 6825851
TI  - A membrane-associated creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) identified as an acidic
      species of the non-receptor, peripheral nu-proteins in Torpedo acetylcholine
      receptor membranes.

PMID- 6825852
TI  - The effect of cross-innervation on the tropomyosin composition of rabbit skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Soleus, semitendinosus and crureus muscles of the rabbit were found to contain
      alpha- and beta-tropomyosin subunits and additional forms that have been
      provisionally designated gamma and delta. Extensor digitorum longus and psoas
      muscles contained only alpha and beta subunits, the relative proportions of which
      varied between single fibres of psoas muscle. On cross-innervation of rabbit
      soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, the fraction of the total
      tropomyosin present as the beta subunit remained constant. The relative
      proportions of alpha, gamma and delta subunits changed as would be expected from
      the change in speed that occurred.

PMID- 6825853
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of a blood group A related, difucosyl heptaglycosylceramide
      with a type 2 carbohydrate chain.

PMID- 6825854
TI  - Efficient translation and polyribosome binding of 125I-labelled rabbit globin
      messenger ribonucleoprotein.
AB  - Rabbit polyribosomal globin messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) was labelled under
      mild conditions, using 125I and Iodogen, in the protein moiety so that the fate
      of mRNA-associated proteins could be followed during translation. 125I-mRNP was
      shown to retain functional activity in the nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate
      translation system under optimal labelling conditions. Polyribsome binding of
      125I-mRNP and its sensitivity to cycloheximide indicated a functional- and
      translation-dependent binding of mRNP proteins. The results constitute a
      successful and direct approach to the study of mRNA-associated proteins in
      translational control.

PMID- 6825855
TI  - Hemagglutinating activity of phosphatidylserine.

PMID- 6825856
TI  - Properties of brain spectrin (fodrin).
AB  - Fodrin, a protein from bovine brain, immunologically related to spectrin, is
      shown, unlike some other proteins of generally similar appearance in the electron
      microscope, to resemble spectrin closely in its most distinctive structural
      characteristic, the very high alpha-helix content. Like spectrin, it is also
      insoluble below pH 5. One of the subunits only is phosphorylated by the cAMP
      independent red cell membrane kinase, that phosphorylates the smaller subunit of
      spectrin. Fodrin also forms a ternary complex with F-actin and the third
      constituent of the red cell membranes cytoskeleton, protein 4.1. In the presence
      of 4.1 the interaction between fodrin and F-actin is enhanced. It is surmised
      that fodrin plays an analogous functional role in neuronal cells to that of
      spectrin in the red cell.

PMID- 6825857
TI  - Comparative studies on thermostability of calmodulin, skeletal muscle troponin C
      and their tryptic fragments.

PMID- 6825858
TI  - Lack of desensitization against alpha-agonists and vasopressin in the liver.
AB  - A heterologous and homologous desensitization of the glycogenolytic response
      against 3',5'-cAMP independent hormones in isolated hepatocytes has been reported
      [Biochem. J. (1981) 200, 509-514]. We re-examined this phenomenon in isolated
      perfused rat livers, isolated hepatocytes during stationary incubation and in
      isolated perifused hepatocytes. The release of glucose and the activation of
      glycogen phosphorylase were followed in the presence of phenylephrine (10(-5) M)
      or vasopressin (2.5 X 10(-8) M). A desensitization against these hormones could
      not be observed in the presence of exogenous calcium (1.3 mM). When calcium-free
      media were applied, the perfused liver became successively resistant toward the
      action of phenylephrine (or vasopressin), but regained sensitivity immediately
      after addition of 1.3 mM calcium to the medium. It is concluded that in isolated
      hepatocytes desensitization against hormones acting via mobilization of
      intracellular calcium is an artifact resulting from the experimental conditions.

PMID- 6825859
TI  - Interaction of homo-aza-steroidal ester of [p-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)
      amino]phenyl]acetic acid (ASE) with DNA of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - A cytostatic, homo-aza-steroidal ester of [p-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)
      amino]phenyl]acetic acid (ASE) was reduced with NaB3H4 and [3H]ASE-treated DNA
      prepared in vitro. We found that: (1) ASE reacts preferentially with purines; (2)
      ASE decreases the thermal stability of the double helix upon binding to DNA; (3)
      [3H]ASE binding sites are clustered along the DNA molecules; (4) ASE binding
      sites probably represent oligo- or polypurine sequences.

PMID- 6825860
TI  - Kinetic properties of cobalt--iron hybrid hemoglobins.
AB  - The replacement of O2 with CO was studied on cobalt-iron hemoglobin hybrids. Both
      proto- and mesocobalt hemes were used for the reconstitution. In the oxy
      quaternary conformation no difference is observed between alpha- and beta
      subunits when only proto hemes are present in the hybrid (k4 = 30 s-1, k'4/l'4 =
      2.5). If Co-meso heme is present on the beta-chains the binding properties of the
      partner subunit are modified (k'4/l'4 = 4).

PMID- 6825861
TI  - A jump in an Arrhenius plot can be the consequence of a phase transition. The
      binding of ATP to myosin subfragment 1.
AB  - The temperature dependence of the kinetics of the binding of ATP to myosin
      subfragment-1 was studied by an ATP chase technique in a rapid-flow-quench
      apparatus: (formula; see text) A temperature range of 30 degrees C to -15 degrees
      C was obtained with ethylene glycol as antifreeze. The Arrhenius plot of k2 is
      discontinuous with a jump at 12 degrees C. Above the jump delta H+ = 9.5
      kcal/mol, below delta H+ = 28.5 kcal/mol. Few such Arrhenius plots are recorded
      in the literature but they are predicted from theory. Thus, we explain our
      results as a phase change of the subfragment 1-ATP system at 12 degrees C. This
      is in agreement with certain structural studies.

PMID- 6825862
TI  - Possible conformations involved in the binding of neurotensin, xenopsin and
      bradykinin molecules to mast cell receptors.

PMID- 6825863
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in pigs: a search for abnormalities in Ca2+ binding
      proteins.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia occurs in man and pigs as a hereditary disorder notably as
      a complication of halothane-induced anaesthesia. It involves an abnormality in
      the metabolism of Ca2+. A search was made for abnormalities of calcium-binding
      proteins. Troponin C from normal pig muscle was found to differ in 2 of 159 amino
      acids from rabbit Tn C and 3 from man. No differences between normal and abnormal
      pig muscle were found. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of red cell calmodulin
      from normal and abnormal pigs also failed to demonstrate a difference.

PMID- 6825864
TI  - Interaction of AMP with cytosolic apo-aspartate aminotransferase.
AB  - Interaction of cytosolic apo-aspartate aminotransferase with AMP has been studied
      under equilibrium conditions; e.g., equilibrium dialysis and spectrophotometric
      titration. Results show that a 1:1 stoichiometric complex AMP-apo-aspartate
      aminotransferase monomer is formed. The calculated dissociation constants with
      the two different experimental techniques are 40.4 x 10(-6) M-1 and 31.4 x 10(-6)
      M-1, respectively. These findings substantiate a previous hypothesis of control
      of the reconstitution of cytosolic apo-aspartate aminotransferases exerted by
      AMP.

PMID- 6825865
TI  - Volumetric self-sampling of cervicovaginal fluid: a new approach to ovulation
      timing.
AB  - Cervicovaginal fluid that accumulates in the upper vagina and posterior fornix
      can be quantitatively correlated with the presumably fertile and infertile phases
      of the menstrual cycle. With a newly developed Volumetric Vaginal Aspirator that
      women self-administer, cervicovaginal fluid can be sampled on a daily basis and
      the sample volume or sample weight recorded. In a total of 18 cycles from 7
      different subjects there was a striking 3- to 30-fold increase in sample volume
      or sample weight above early follicular phase levels that preceded the shift in
      basal body temperature (BBT) at midcycle. The maximum of sample volume or sample
      weight near midcycle was defined as "Volume Peak" or "Weight Peak." The magnitude
      of the Volume Peak or Weight Peak varied in the individual subjects and was
      between 400 and 1500 microliters or mg. The Volume Peak or Weight Peak generally
      occurred 1 to 2 days before or on the day of presumptive ovulation. With the BBT
      shift to luteal phase levels, the sample volume or sample weight sharply declined
      to early follicular phase levels. The results suggest that changes in sample
      volume or sample weight of cervicovaginal fluid measured with the self-applicable
      Volumetric Vaginal Aspirator can be used as an objective basis for approaches to
      natural family planning and for the assessment of optimal conditions for
      conception.

PMID- 6825866
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine adhesions by microhysteroscopy.
AB  - In this report of 69 patients, a new type of hysteroscope was used to evaluate
      the extent and character of intrauterine adhesions, to perform lysis of them, and
      to monitor the effects of therapy. Additionally, prospective studies with regard
      to pathogenesis and endometrial regeneration can be achieved in vivo. In 59
      patients the procedures were performed in an office setting using a CO2
      hysteroscopic technique without the need for local anesthesia or cervical
      dilatation. Of 30 infertile patients, 38% subsequently had uncomplicated
      deliveries. The severe forms of this disease still remain very difficult to treat
      effectively. When the adhesions were severe or the procedure painful, the
      operation was scheduled under general anesthesia (ten cases). A sequential
      hysteroscopy with good patient acceptance affords additional opportunity for
      removing residual adhesions and intrauterine devices, and serves as a basis for
      ending treatment with steroids.

PMID- 6825867
TI  - Characteristics of donor semen and cervical mucus at the time of conception.
AB  - With freshly ejaculated semen from 15 donors, 1017 inseminations were performed
      in 247 women. One hundred conceptions were achieved. The degree of
      crystallization of the cervical mucus and the characteristics of the donor semen
      were examined at each insemination. One insemination only from one single
      ejaculate was performed in each cycle. This procedure made it possible to
      describe the quality of the cervical mucus and the sperm sample characteristics
      on each occasion of conception. The conception rate was significantly reduced (P
      less than 0.001) when the degree of crystallization of the cervical mucus was
      impaired. The conception rate was low when the sperm density was less than 20
      million/ml, the percentage of abnormal sperm was above 50, and the degree of
      motility was graded 2 or less. The in vitro capillary sperm penetration test gave
      reliable information on the progressive motility of the sperm, showing a good
      correlation between penetration ability and conception rate.

PMID- 6825868
TI  - Immune responses to spermatozoa in homosexual men.
AB  - Immunologic responses to spermatozoa were investigated in homosexual and
      heterosexual men. Ten of 18 (56%) of the homosexual men had serum levels of IgG
      antibody to spermatozoa that were at least 2 standard deviations above the mean
      level for the heterosexual men; only 2 homosexual men had IgA antibody to
      spermatozoa. Similar increases above heterosexual levels in sperm-related antigen
      were detected in the sera of 56% (10 of 18) of the homosexual men. Circulating
      immune complexes (CICs) were detected at high levels (greater than 1000
      micrograms/ml) in 61% (11 of 18) of the homosexual men. The CICs were relatively
      small (less than 14S), as determined by sucrose gradient analysis. Only 3 of 18
      (17%) of the heterosexual men had CICs, and these were at a much lower
      concentration (less than or equal to 700 micrograms/ml). In the homosexual men,
      CICs and sperm-related antigen levels were positively correlated (r = 0.41, P
      less than 0.001), while IgG sperm antibody levels were negatively correlated with
      both CIC levels (r = -0.24, P less than 0.01) and sperm-related antigen levels (r
      = -0.24, P less than 0.01). CICs from six homosexual men were analyzed for
      composition. All contained IgG, and two had evidence of sperm-related antigen.
      The results suggest that intake of spermatozoa via the alimentary canal may lead
      to the development of a humoral immune response to spermatozoa.

PMID- 6825869
TI  - Heteroimmunization of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) with a purified porcine
      zona antigen (PPZA): immune response and biologic activity of antiserum.
AB  - The potential for utilization as a contraceptive vaccine of a 60,000 Mr
      glycoprotein component, purified porcine zona antigen (PPZA), isolated from
      porcine zonae, was investigated in the squirrel monkey. Immunization resulted in
      production and maintenance of high antibody titers for at least 1 year.
      Comparable immune profiles were obtained using either monkey or pig zonae in
      assay systems, but dose-dependent variations in immune response were not
      observed. In situ antibody binding to monkey zonae was detected, but
      significantly fewer ovulated eggs were obtained from immunized monkeys than from
      controls. Exposure of antibody-pretreated pig, monkey, and human zonae to
      homologous sperm resulted in total inhibition of sperm attachment for the
      respective species. Thus, the contraceptive potential of PPZA antibodies in these
      species is demonstrated.

PMID- 6825870
TI  - Specific antibodies and immunoglobulins in the oviductal fluid of the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Levels of specific antibodies against model antigens, immunoglobulins G and A and
      also albumin, in oviductal fluid were studied in the rhesus monkey during the
      periovulatory period. Animals were systemically or intravaginally immunized
      against T4 coliphages. Attempts to induce ovulation were made with human
      menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) monitored by
      radioimmunoassay of serum estrogen and progesterone. Collection of tubal fluid
      over 6 to 13 days was accomplished by surgical cannulation using a refrigerated
      extracorporeal collection device for each side. The results indicated the
      following: (1) The levels of specific antibodies against T4 coliphage and
      immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) in the oviduct fluid averaged approximately one tenth
      of the serum values and showed a characteristic decrease and subsequent increase
      by a factor of 4 to 5 during and following treatment with hMG/hCG. The nadir was
      observed on the first or second day after hCG injection. (2) This pattern was
      similar in both ovulatory or nonovulatory cycles; therefore, these changes seem
      to be associated with the changes in serum estrogen levels. (3) There was a
      striking difference in serum and tubal fluid antibody levels after systemic
      versus after vaginal immunization by a factor of 10(3) and 10(4); however, the
      patterns in tubal fluid under treatment with hMG/hCG were very similar. (4)
      Specific antibodies in oviductal fluid and serum were mainly of the IgG class.
      (5) A concomitant change of total protein and albumin in oviduct fluid was also
      observed. The presence of sperm agglutination antibody in oviductal fluid was
      demonstrated in two monkeys after systemic immunization with homologous
      spermatozoa. The sperm antibody titers showed a similar pattern of change after
      hMG/hCG treatment.

PMID- 6825871
TI  - Platelets bind to rhesus monkey corpora lutea and stimulate its prostaglandin
      synthesis.
AB  - The in vitro production of different prostaglandins (PGs) was studied in rhesus
      monkey corpora lutea incubated with labeled arachidonic acid. The percentage of
      conversion of the arachidonic acid to all the PGs identified was similar, but the
      addition of platelet lysates caused at least a sevenfold stimulation of all PGs
      by the corpora lutea, the greatest stimulation in production occurring in the
      area corresponding to PGE2 and 15-keto-PGF2 alpha. Adipose tissue by itself
      produced more PGs than corpus luteum (CL); but, in contrast, such production was
      inhibited by addition of platelet lysates to the levels of conversion of the
      unstimulated CL. 125I-labeled platelets bound specifically to monkey CL, but not
      to adipose tissue. The interaction of the platelets with the CL in the formation
      of PGs may be of significance in the regulation of the luteal life span.

PMID- 6825872
TI  - Contraceptive practices of female runners.

PMID- 6825873
TI  - New evidence for the existence of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome as
      a cause of infertility: a case report.

PMID- 6825874
TI  - Effect of sperm concentration in the zona-free hamster ova penetration assay.

PMID- 6825875
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 6825877
TI  - Thirty-ninth annual meeting of the American Fertility Society. April 15 to 20,
      1983, San Francisco. Abstracts of scientific papers.

PMID- 6825876
TI  - Tubal pregnancy: salpingostomy versus salpingotomy.

PMID- 6825878
TI  - [Stretching of the veins of skeletal muscles following changes in the level of
      hydrostatic venous pressure].
AB  - Acute experiments in cats revealed that the integral venous compliance of m.
      gastrocnemius' could be represented by a graphic curve with ascending front, peak
      and descending front. These parts of the curve corresponded mainly to those
      ranges of the venous pressure values: (-10)-0 mm Hg; 0-(+10) mm Hg and (+10)
      (+25) mm Hg, resp. The neurogenic component of venous tone in the skeletal
      muscles has no obvious effect on formation of venous compliance values in
      response to hydrostatic loads whereas increasing of this tone with noradrenaline
      or decreasing of it with papaverinum induced, resp., a decrease or an increase in
      the venous compliance.

PMID- 6825879
TI  - [Blood supply and oxygen consumption in the cat m. gastrocnemius during isometric
      tetanus in partial occlusion of the artery].
AB  - O2 consumption in resting m. gastrocnemius decreases in restriction of blood
      supply due to partial artery occlusion. This occurs in accordance with the degree
      of blood flow restriction. A dependence of postcontraction hyperemia on the
      degree of blood flow restriction was found. No hyperemia occurs in a severe
      restriction. In a less severe restriction the hyperemia occurs and a stronger one
      than in the control. The post-load increase of O2 consumption in partial artery
      occlusion occurs both in absence and in presence of the postcontraction
      hyperemia, but in the latter case the increase of O2 consumption is related to
      the degree of postcontraction increase of the blood flow.

PMID- 6825880
TI  - [Relationship between isometric and isotonic contractile responses of the
      mammalian myocardium].
AB  - Effects of 6 and 12 mM of caffeine, 10(-5) M of verapamil, variation in
      stimulation frequency between 0.1 and 0.7 Hz, cooling to 15 degrees C after
      elevation of perfusate Ca2+ to 15 mM on isometric (IM) and isotonic (IT)
      contractions of guinea pig papillary muscles were studied. The first and the last
      interventions mentioned above were found to slow down relaxation phase and
      increase the IT/IM response amplitude ratio by 50-70%. Under the action of both
      interventions the maximum of IT response appears after the maximum of IM response
      with delay of 50-100 msec. A close correlation (r = 0.89) between changes of
      IT/IM and delay of IT peak was revealed. Different sensitivity of IM and IT
      responses to inotropic interventions could not be explained by the change of
      membrane electrical activity because the AP did not change after a transition
      from IM to IT mode. An analysis of experimental data suggests that the delay
      between IT and IM peaks and the ratio of their amplitudes depend on the rate of
      calcium uptake within the myocardial cell.

PMID- 6825881
TI  - [Oxygen tension in the skeletal muscles of rats adapted to the cold].
AB  - In control and cold-adapted rats the oxygen tension (pO2) was measured
      polarographically in the fast (gastrocnemic) and slow (soleus) muscles before and
      after blocking of beta-adrenoreceptors or the denervation of the muscle. The beta
      adrenoreceptor blockade decreases the pO2 in both types of muscles in the control
      group of rats, whereas in cold-adapted rats the decrease of pO2 both types of
      muscles in the control group of rats, whereas in cold-adapted rats the decrease
      of pO2 is less pronounced in the coleus and remains unchanged in the gastrocnemic
      muscle. The sciatic nerve dissection augments the pO2 in both muscles, the
      increase being larger in cold-adapted rats as compared to the control group. It
      seems that the dependence of the oxygenation processes in muscles on nervous
      control and on the state of beta-adrenoreceptors increases during adaptation to
      cold mainly in the slow muscles.

PMID- 6825882
TI  - [Effects of stimulation of various groups of afferent fibers of the colon on the
      efferent activity of the visceral nerves].
AB  - In acute experiments on cats, electrical stimulation of the colon A delta -and B
      afferents within inferior mesenteric nerves evoked early responses, whereas that
      of C-afferents evoked delayed reflex responses in inferior and superior
      mesenteric, renal, splenic nerves and nerve branches of the bladder. Rhythmic
      stimulation (10/sec) of C-afferents simultaneously with A delta and B-fibers
      induced diffuse electrical responses; stimulation of A- and B-afferents alone and
      stimulation of all afferent groups by means of a strong distension of the colon
      with the balloon produced obvious reflex responses mainly in the nerve branches
      of the bladder and inferior mesenteric plexus.

PMID- 6825883
TI  - [Functional state of the mitochondria of the small intestine mucosa during heat
      stress].
AB  - Rate of respiration and effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation of intestinal
      mucosa mitochondria in rats revealed that adaptation to heat loads is accompanied
      by reversible switching over of the NAD-dependent and succinate ways of
      mitochondria oxygenation which maintains the normal existence of mucosal cells in
      conditions of heat stress. Severe heat stress disturbs the functional integrity
      of the oxygenation switching over and leads to disturbances of the rate of
      oxygenation and effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 6825884
TI  - [Activity of afferent neurons after thermal stimulation of the skin of the cat
      forelimb].
AB  - The activity of 97 fibers of dorsal roots of lower cervical and upper thoracic
      segments of the spinal cord was studied in adult cats. The conduction velocity of
      afferents from skin receptors in respect to mechanical and temperature
      sensitivity was measured. All temperature-sensitive units appeared to be mechano
      sensitive as well. The level of spontaneous activity and the conduction velocity
      of the units were defined by temperature sensitivity. The reaction parameters
      seem to depend on morphological properties of the skin receptors.

PMID- 6825885
TI  - [Role of renal and extrarenal mechanisms in the regulation of sodium blood levels
      after intravenous administration of hypertonic solution of sodium chloride to the
      rat].
AB  - I. v. administration of 1 M and 2 M NaCl solutions (0.17 ml per 100 g body mass)
      increased sodium concentration in the blood plasma by 2-5% within 10 min.
      Hypernatriemia and respective hyperosmia were accompanied by the decrease of the
      protein level in the blood. The amount of NaCl excretion by kidneys within 1.5
      hrs was equal to 18 and 39% of the injected sodium load. Close positive
      correlation was found between the concentration of osmotically active substances
      in the blood and reabsorption level of osmotically free water in renal tubules.
      These data suggest existence of at least two mechanisms for regulation of shifts
      occurring in disturbances of sodium and osmotic balance: 1) extrarenal factor
      (physico-chemical-the loss of cell water and/or Na influx into the cell); 2)
      renal factor--an increase in urine Na excretion and osmotically free water
      reabsorption.

PMID- 6825886
TI  - [Reception of information by various types of neurons].
AB  - The functional dependence of neuronal MP on afferent impulse activity was
      revealed with the aid of the mathematical model of neuronal integration
      processes. This dependence enables to regard a neuron as a continuous information
      reception system. In the system, the mean impulse rates are important rather than
      the time of appearance of separate APs. This is relevant mostly for the
      integrative neurons.

PMID- 6825887
TI  - [Organization of receptive fields of tonic and phasic neurons in cat pulvinar].
AB  - The receptive fields of 26% out of 163 pulvinar neurons were characterized by
      phasic pattern of responses whereas those of 15% of neurons had tonic
      characteristics. The receptive fields of 59% of neurons consisted both of tonic
      and phasic subfields. These findings suggested convergence of two types of
      afferents on the same pulvinar neuron. The cell population receiving pure tonic
      or pure phasic afferents constituted 41% of all the neurons under study. The
      measurement of latencies of responses to the stationary flashing spot revealed
      that phasic responses had a shorter latency than tonic and mixed responses.

PMID- 6825888
TI  - [Spontaneous activity in the single auditory nerve fiber in the pigeon].
AB  - Microelectrode study of spontaneous activity of the pigeon's single auditory
      nerve fibers and their interval histograms shows in some of them rhythmic
      oscillations of excitability with characteristic frequency. The existence of
      these oscillations is supported by the analysis of interval histograms and
      autocorrelation functions of spontaneous discharges. Stimulation of these fibers
      with white noise caused no changes of the periodicity of interval histograms and
      had no effect on their periods. These characteristics of single fibers could be
      attributed to rhythmic oscillations of the MP of hair cells arising as a result
      of the mechanical narrow-band filtration of ambient noises at the basilar
      membrane.

PMID- 6825889
TI  - [Dynamics of oxygen transport from the capillaries to the cortical neurons].
AB  - A mathematical model describing the dynamics of oxygen transport in constructions
      with capillaries and pyramidal cells of the cat brain sensomotor cortex, aided to
      calculate the transitional processes of O2 tensions in neurons, capillaries and
      surrounding tissues during changes of the blood flow velocity in the capillaries
      and of the neurons respiration intensity. The model is represented in the form of
      a system of differential equations in particular derivatives, the solution of
      which was accomplished by the digital computer with the nets technique. Changes
      of pO2 levels within the space of modelled constructions in sharp shifts of the
      above parameters occurred within 2-5 sec. The time delays between the changes of
      these physiological parameters and the pO2 levels in neurons depended on
      peculiarities of neuron-capillary interrelationship, intensity of O2 consumption,
      blood flow velocity in the capillaries and their density.

PMID- 6825890
TI  - [Effect of physical exercise on the lysosomal apparatus of the peripheral blood
      neutrophils].

PMID- 6825891
TI  - [Changes in blood flow after longitudinal stretching of the cat m.
      gastrocnemius].
AB  - Longitudinal stretch of the cat m. gastrocnemius by 10-30% of initial length
      increased the passive strength and regularly decreased the blood flow, the latter
      being dependent not on the degree of deformation but on the value of passive
      tension. Postelongation hyperemia develops after the stretch. This reaction seems
      to be similar to hyperemia due to the artery occlusion in the muscle and is
      considerably weaker than the postcontraction increase in the blood flow. The
      character of intramuscular mechanical effects on the vessels during both the
      active contractions and the passive stretch, is discussed.

PMID- 6825892
TI  - [Study of the role of the venous return in pressor changes in the systemic
      hemodynamics by the means of the automatic regulation of its value].
AB  - Feed-back experiments with catecholamine-induced pressor changes of arterial
      pressure (AP) aided to study possible contribution of the venous return changes
      in cats. Preliminary recorded changes were reproduced with the aid of electronic
      control of perfusion pump connected with extracorporeal reservoir and venous
      portion of vascular bed. The reproduced changes of venous return corresponded to
      those occurring under action of catecholamines. The same maximal increase of AP
      (by 50%) could be obtained by means of increasing the venous return either by 1/6
      with adrenaline (A) or by 1/10 with noradrenaline (NA). Maintaining of the
      increased AP involves to a greater extent participation of the above parameters
      in systemic shifts; in response to A 1/2 and in response to NA 1/3 of the pressor
      response can be maintained by an increase in the venous return. The quantitative
      contribution of the vascular component (total peripheral resistance) to pressor
      shifts of AP under the catecholamines action is greater than that of the cardiac
      component, particularly in response to NA.

PMID- 6825893
TI  - [Relationship between the intracranial pressure, intracranial blood volume and
      total cerebral blood flow].
AB  - Studies in cats and in neurosurgical patients reveal that intraskull pressure,
      blood volume and total brain blood flow depend on the same factors, to a
      different extent though. This is determined by structural--functional
      organization of the intraskull circulation system, the analysis of which revealed
      a scheme of functional interrelationships among volumes and pressures of fluid
      media in the closed skull space. The features of interrelationships are not rigid
      and can have their own specifics in concrete situations.

PMID- 6825894
TI  - Blindness from cataract formation in leprosy.
AB  - Of 744 leprous patients, 61 (8.2%) had cataract-induced blindness; 46 patients
      (6.2%) were unilaterally blind and 15 (2.0%) were bilaterally blind. The mean age
      of patients with cataracts was 63.4 years in the tuberculoid-type leprosy and
      56.4 years in the lepromatous type. The appearance of cataracts in lepromatous
      patients at an earlier age than in tuberculoid patients is significant (p less
      than 0.005). Of 41 cataractous eyes with posterior iris synechiae, 42.1% were
      observed in patients with tuberculoid-type leprosy and 59.1% in patients with the
      lepromatous type. Histopathological examination of 24 lenses showed that
      irregularities of the lens epithelium were present in 79.2%. Posterior iris
      synechiae were seen in 66.7% and fibrous pseudometaplasia in 41.7%. Posterior
      migration of the lens epithelium in the posterior subcapsular area was observed
      in 54.2%. In view of these clinical and histopathological findings, we discuss
      the probability that most cataracts in leprous patients are complicated in
      nature.

PMID- 6825895
TI  - Francois' dyscephalic syndrome.

PMID- 6825896
TI  - Retinoblastoma: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6825897
TI  - ATP contents of human semen, seminal plasma and isolated sperm at time intervals
      after ejaculation.
AB  - 1. ATP was estimated in 105 samples of human semen, seminal plasma and sperm of
      normozoospermic and oligozoospermic origins at time intervals after ejaculation.
      2. In semen with sperm counts up to 40 millions per ml and in seminal plasma, ATP
      levels were lower than in specimens with higher sperm counts. 3. In isolated
      sperm, the ATP content decreased with the increase in sperm density. 4. The
      decrease in ATP after 24 hr was the highest in sperm, lower in semen and the
      lowest in seminal plasma, being maximal in specimens with high sperm counts.

PMID- 6825898
TI  - Creatine kinase from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (L.)--isozyme
      analysis.
AB  - Creatine kinase (CPK) isozymes of extracts from the electric organ, dorsal muscle
      and brain of Electrophorus electricus (L.) were analysed with Cellogel
      electrophoresis. A single component corresponding to the MB-form was obtained for
      both electric organ and the dorsal muscle. The BB-form was present in the brain
      extract. 2. Upon acetone fractionation of the aqueous of electric organ, the
      final fraction was submitted to gel filtration and presented a single peak of CPK
      activity. 3. Characterization of this fraction by thin-layer gel filtration
      indicated an apparent molecular weight of 80,000 which corresponds to the enzyme
      dimeric structure. 4. The implications of this finding with the muscular origin
      of the electric organ are discussed.

PMID- 6825899
TI  - Isoniazid inhibition of liver glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from the goat
      Capra hircus.
AB  - Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), has been prepared from the liver
      of Hausa he-goat (Capra hircus). 2. Gel filtration of the liver extract presents
      evidence of two molecular species of the enzyme; one species (Fraction A) has a
      specific activity of 280 U/mg protein and the other (Fraction B) has a specific
      activity of 338 U/mg protein. 3. Fraction A has optimum activity at pH 6.8 and
      Fraction B is optimally active at pH 5.5. The observed variation in activity with
      pH variation may be due to ionisation of some group(s) on the enzyme. 4.
      Characteristic spectral changes typical of INH/GOT interactions at low and high
      pH values are presented. 5. Typical Dixon's plot indicates a competitive
      inhibition of the enzyme by INH. Ki and Km of 0.04 and 2.5 mM for Fraction A and
      Ki and Km of 0.098 and 4.7 mH for Fraction B have been calculated from the data.
      6. These results have been discussed in the light of the properties of the enzyme
      from other sources.

PMID- 6825900
TI  - Sulphated glycoproteins and proteoglycans from rat liver plasma membranes:
      partial characterization of a sulphated glycopeptide and glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 6825901
TI  - Characterization of subfractions of beta 2-glycoprotein I: evidence for sialic
      acid microheterogeneity.

PMID- 6825902
TI  - Liver glucose, glycogen and lipid synthesis in fed and 24-hour fasted rats soon
      after a pulse of [3-14C]pyruvate through the portal vein.
AB  - 1. A pulse of [3-14C]pyruvate was given to rats through the portal vein and blood
      was collected at brief intervals from the inferior cava vein at the level of the
      suprahepatic veins. 2. In 24 hr fasted rats, the appearance of [14C]glucose in
      blood and blood glucose specific radioactivity were higher than in fed animals
      from the first minute after delivery of the tracer. At this time total
      radioactivity did not differ between the two groups. 3. After 5 and 20 min. liver
      radioactivity present in glycogen and glyceride glycerol was enhanced while in
      fatty acids it was reduced in fasted as compared with fed animals. 4. It is
      proposed that, in the fasted state, both glycogen and glyceride glycerol
      synthesis are predominantly gluconeogenic processes.

PMID- 6825903
TI  - Pyrimidine metabolism in peripheral and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mammalian
      lymphocytes.
AB  - 1. Activity of uridine kinase was very low in ovine lymphocytes and in those of
      some pigs. Lymphocytes of other pigs showed a significantly higher activity of
      this enzyme. Activity of uridine kinase in lymphocytes of man, horse and cattle
      was intermediate. 2. Activity of uridine phosphorylase was higher than that of
      uridine kinase with lymphocytes of all species. 3. Activity of uridine kinase in
      equine lymphocytes increases at PHA-stimulation and also in porcine lymphocytes
      with a low activity at the start of the culture. Activity of uridine kinase
      decreased in porcine lymphocytes with a high activity at the start of the
      culture. 4. Activity of uridine phosphorylase increases at PHA-stimulation with
      equine and porcine lymphocytes and during culturing of non-stimulated porcine
      lymphocytes. 5. Activities of OPRT and ODC decrease in cultures of porcine
      lymphocytes with and without PHA. 6. Activity of OPRT in lysates of porcine
      lymphocytes is inhibited by purine nucleosides and by guanine and pyrimidine
      nucleotides.

PMID- 6825904
TI  - Activities of key enzymes in relation to glucose flux in tumor-host livers.
AB  - 1. Isotope and non-isotope methods were used to study hepatic metabolism of
      glucose in tumor-host livers. 2. Glycogen synthase, phosphofructokinase
      activities (Vmax) were decreased, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased in tumor-host livers. 3. Glycogen
      phosphorylase, glucokinase and several mitochondrial enzymes, had normal maximum
      activity in tumor-host livers. Net flux of glucose was decreased in the Embden
      Meyerhof and the pentose phosphate pathway in tumor animals. 4. The hepatic
      cycling of glucose-carbons in tumor animals was significantly decreased as shown
      by different [14C] [3H] ratios of radioactivity in RNA and lactate, determined
      from simultaneous incorporation of [U-14C]glucose and [2-3H]glucose. 5. This
      study demonstrates that previous reports of increased activities of rate limiting
      enzymes of glucose metabolism in tumor-host livers do not represent a general
      finding of high glucose metabolism in tumor-host livers.

PMID- 6825905
TI  - ATP, ADP and AMP on the regulation of lactate dehydrogenase activity of
      Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
AB  - 1. The inhibition of ATP, ADP and AMP on lactate dehydrogenase activity from
      Phycomyces blakesleeanus was investigated kinetically at pH 6.0 and 7.5. 2. At pH
      6.0 ATP was more effective as inhibitor than ADP and AMP. 3. All three
      nucleotides bind cooperatively to the enzyme, ATP and ADP decrease the positive
      homotropic interactions of NADH at pH 6.0. 4. The results obtained may contribute
      to explain the regulation of lactate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus
      at acid pH values.

PMID- 6825906
TI  - Beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase: effects of partial proteolysis with
      chymotrypsin.
AB  - 1. After chymotryptic digestion of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase, the assay
      conditions determine whether activation or inhibition is observed. 2. The major
      fragments appear to remain physically associated. 3. Responses to both GTP and
      ADP are altered. Inhibition by GTP at pH 7 and 8 is almost abolished. 4. Out of
      various ligand combinations tested, GTP and NADH together provide the best
      protection against all the proteolytic effects.

PMID- 6825907
TI  - Characterization and transcription of bovine thyroid chromatin.

PMID- 6825908
TI  - Changes in glycosidase activities in lectin resistant myogenesis-defective
      myoblast cell lines.
AB  - 1. Mannosidase, hexosaminidase, galactosidase and fucosidase activities were
      determined in cell free extracts of wild type and con A-resistant L6 myoblast
      cells. 2. Two mannosidase activities were detected, with pH optima of 4.6 and
      6.0. The con A-resistant cells were almost devoid of intracellular mannosidase
      activity with optimum pH 4.6. Differences in Km and Vmax values for mannosidase
      activities were found when con A-resistant and wild type cells were compared. 3.
      A decrease in the intracellular hexosaminidase activity in the con A-resistant
      myoblasts was accompanied by an increase in extracellular activity. No
      differences were observed in the extracellular mannosidase activities of wild
      type and con A-resistant cells.

PMID- 6825909
TI  - Non-proteolytic solubilization of bovine thyroid peroxidase: thermodynamic
      parameters of the thermoinactivation.
AB  - 1. A subcellular fractionation from bovine thyroid gland homogenate was carried
      out by differential centrifugation. The maximal peroxidase activity was found in
      the microsomal fraction. 2. The effect of non-proteolytic agents on the
      solubilization of the enzyme was studied. It was found that non-ionic detergents
      with Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB) between 12 and 14, such as Triton X-100
      and Brij 96, were the best solubilizing agents. 3. The effect of pH, ionic
      strength, time and temperature of incubation of the peroxidase solubilization was
      analyzed. 4. The thermodynamic parameters of the thermoinactivation of
      solubilized enzyme and the activation energy (Ea) of the peroxidase-catalyzed
      reaction were calculated. 5. The values obtained for these parameters were very
      similar to those of the plant peroxidases, suggesting a common catalytic
      mechanism, as Bardsley et al., Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) have pointed out. 6.
      However thyroid peroxidase does not undergo any reactivation as plant peroxidases
      do, due to the role of the hydrophobic interactions which hold the peroxidase
      bound to microsomal membranes in the thyroid glands.

PMID- 6825910
TI  - Protein folding, denaturation and stability.

PMID- 6825911
TI  - Practical approaches to chemical modification of enzymes for industrial use.

PMID- 6825912
TI  - The utility of mathematical models for the understanding of metabolic systems.

PMID- 6825913
TI  - The control of enzyme systems in vivo: elasticity analysis of the steady state.

PMID- 6825914
TI  - Metabolic efficiency: is it a useful concept?

PMID- 6825915
TI  - Thermodynamic optimization of biological energy conversions.

PMID- 6825916
TI  - Compartmentation: model and reality.

PMID- 6825917
TI  - Clinical consequences of alcoholic brain damage.

PMID- 6825918
TI  - Regulation of internal pH in plant cells: the relationship between cytosol and
      vacuole.

PMID- 6825919
TI  - Influence of prolactin on pinealocytes of the mouse with hereditary
      hypopituitarism: a quantitative ultrastructural study.

PMID- 6825920
TI  - Estrogen receptor development in the absence of growth hormone and prolactin:
      studies in dwarf mice.
AB  - The concentration of high-affinity estradiol binding sites in the uteri and
      pituitaries of normal and two dwarf strains of mice was studied. The two dwarf
      strains are characterized by their total absence of growth hormone or prolactin
      synthesis and low or absent TSH production. The uteri of the dwarf mice are small
      but the receptor concentration per unit of DNA was similar to the normals.
      Nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution studies and saturation analysis detected no
      differences in receptor characteristics between dwarf and normal mice. These
      results demonstrate that prolactin, growth hormone and TSH do not control the
      developmental increase in uterine estrogen receptor that normally occurs in the
      young mouse. The concentration of estrogen receptor per unit of DNA in the
      pituitaries of the dwarfs was only 20-30% of normal animals of the same strain.
      This suggests that estrogen receptor in the mouse pituitary is associated to a
      great extent with lactotrophs and/or somatotrophs which are absent in the dwarfs.

PMID- 6825921
TI  - Invasion of mesenchyme into three-dimensional collagen gels: a regional and
      temporal analysis of interaction in embryonic heart tissue.
AB  - In normal heart development the endothelium of the atrioventricular canal, but
      not the ventricle, produces mesenchymal cells which seed (invade) into the
      intervening extracellular matrix toward the myocardium at around 64-69 hr of
      development. We have utilized three-dimensional collagen substrates to examine
      the initiation of seeding by atrioventricular canal endothelia in vitro and to
      compare and contrast the responses of the ventricular endothelia. Explants of
      atrioventricular canals and ventricles from staged embryos were placed on the
      surfaces of collagen gels prior to the onset of seeding in situ. At varied
      intervals of incubation, the explant was removed, leaving behind a monolayer on
      the surface of the gel which consisted of endothelial cells. Subsequently, the
      endothelial outgrowths were examined for seeded cells. The results confirm the
      regional endothelial differences seen in vivo. They also show that invasion of
      the collagen gels is due to an alteration in phenotype mediated by interaction
      with other components of embryonic heart explant. Lastly, the time course of this
      tissue interaction in vitro mimics the onset of seeding in vivo.

PMID- 6825922
TI  - Neuronal pathfinding in developing wings of the moth Manduca sexta.
AB  - The neural pattern of the moth wing is a simple two-dimensional network nestled
      between the two epithelial monolayers that form the upper and lower surfaces of
      the wing. All neural elements within the wing blade are sensory and their axons
      grow proximally toward the mesothoracic ganglion. The sensory nerves of the wing
      are intimately associated with the basal lamina of the upper epithelial layer;
      and the molding of neural pattern is coupled with cues in the basal lamina. The
      global landscape of the basal lamina can be altered by exchange of epithelial
      grafts. Axons generally cross control grafts as well as grafts that have been
      displaced distally. However, axons generally avoid grafts that have been
      transposed proximally. This asymmetric response of growing axons implies that
      directional cues in the substratum are also asymmetric along the length of the
      wing. The asymmetric, graded distribution of extracellular matrix molecules
      associated with the basal lamina of the wing's upper epithelium could provide the
      short-range cues that guide sensory axons in a particular direction.

PMID- 6825923
TI  - Reentry into the cell cycle of differentiated skeletal myocytes.
AB  - The activation of muscle-specific myosin synthesis and its relationship to
      withdrawal from the cell cycle have been examined in cycle-synchronized myoblasts
      under growth-restrictive, fusion-impermissive (low Ca2+) culture conditions.
      Under these conditions, embryonic quail skeletal myoblasts, collected in mitosis
      by mechanical shake-off, complete one normal cycle and arrest in G1. The presence
      of skeletal muscle myosin is first detected, by indirect immunofluorescence, 8 hr
      into this protracted G1. Within the next 10-11 hr the percentage myosin positive
      (Myo+) cells increases with good synchrony, reaching approximately 95%. Refeeding
      with a proliferation--stimulating, low Ca2+ medium when approximately 50% of the
      cells are Myo+ induces reentry into S. Applying a 15-min pulse with [3H]TdR
      immediately preceding fixation at regular intervals following refeeding, cells
      can be detected which are Myo+ and whose nuclei have incorporated [3H]TdR. The
      numbers of such doubly labeled cells are small but consistent with the fraction
      of cells in S (by time-lapse analysis) at the postfeeding times sampled. These
      cinematographic studies also indicate that progression to mitosis following
      stimulation occurs slowly and asynchronously. The kinetics of progression of the
      stimulated cells suggest that they reenter S from a different compartment in G1
      than do log-phase myoblasts. We conclude that in fusion-blocked quail myocytes
      irreversible withdrawal from the cell cycle is neither an obligate precondition
      for, nor an immediate consequence of the activation of the muscle-specific
      contractile gene set.

PMID- 6825924
TI  - Fibronectin distribution during early chick embryo heart development.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin (FN) during early stages of chick embryo heart
      development has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence methods. The cardiac
      extracellular matrix (cardiac jelly) was almost devoid of FN-positive material
      throughout the period studied (stages 8-18). Intensely extracellular fluorescent
      material was only demonstrated at the heart midline and in the dorsal
      mesocardium. Fluorescence associated with the basal surface of the myocardium was
      demonstrated first at the time of fusion of the two heart tubes. While the heart
      remains attached to the embryonic trunk by the dorsal mesocardium, two different
      myocardial basal zones can be distinguished according to the intensity of
      fluorescence: an intensely stained dorsal zone and a much less fluorescent
      ventral zone. The endocardium did not present a strongly fluorescent basement
      membrane until stage 13. The intensity of fluorescence of the endocardial basal
      surface varied according to the rostrocaudal levels of the heart and also to the
      development stage of the embryo. The levels of fluorescence increased in
      myocardium and endocardium at the onset of trabeculation but decreased as
      trabeculation was completed. The quantitative and qualitative variations of FN
      distribution have been associated with a number of developmental events.

PMID- 6825925
TI  - Cell interactions influence the fate of mouse blastomeres undergoing the
      transition from the 16- to the 32-cell stage.
AB  - Newly formed polar and apolar 1/16 blastomeres were isolated and cultured singly,
      or in various combinations, through division to form 32-cell blastomeres. The
      morphology of the resulting cell cluster appeared to depend upon the nature and
      composition of the cell combination used. In most polar + apolar couplets, the
      polar cell enveloped the apolar cell, and following division, a 4/32 cluster was
      thereby generated containing two trophectoderm-like external cells derived from
      the polar cell and two ICM-like internal cells derived from the apolar cells. A
      polar cell cultured in isolation divided to give either two trophectoderm-like
      external cells or a trophectoderm-like cell and an ICM-like cell. Two polar cells
      cultured together generated clusters in which the ratio of trophectoderm-like:ICM
      like cells was 4:0 or 3:1. Most apolar cells cultured together in couplets
      polarized, and generated 4/32 clusters containing either purely trophectoderm
      like or a mixture of trophectoderm- and ICM-like cells. The results are
      consistent with the notion that continuing interactions between polar and apolar
      cells are necessary to maintain their respective fates as trophectoderm and ICM,
      and that in the absence of these interactions polar cells can generate ICM cells
      by a differentiative division and apolar cells can generate trophectoderm cells
      by polarizing in response to asymmetric cell contacts.

PMID- 6825926
TI  - Studies on the development of melanophores in in vitro cultured amphibian neural
      plates.
AB  - Various parts of neural plates of Japanese newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) neurula
      embryos were cultured alone in drops of culture media (Niu-Twitty's balanced salt
      solution or modified Leibovitz L-15 medium) with or without fetal calf serum
      (FCS). Although none of the parts gave rise to melanophores in a medium without
      FCS, some produced melanophores in a medium with FCS. The localization of
      melanophore-producing areas in the neural plates corresponded to that of Tada's
      (1944) findings. The assumption that FCS affects survival and development of
      melanophores is excluded, because neural fold cells do not require FCS to develop
      into melanophores. Therefore, there may be in FCS some factor which acts on the
      specialization of neural plate cells into melanophores. The results of this
      experiment suggest that this factor may be heat labile. The findings also
      indicate that FCS does not induce melanophores in gastrula ectoderm, but only
      affects neurula neural plate cells so as to give rise to melanophores.

PMID- 6825928
TI  - Messenger RNA half-life in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Messenger RNA half-life in vegetatively growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum
      was determined using a uridine pulse-chase procedure. In these experiments, mRNA
      decayed in a complex fashion, and consisted of at least two major components, one
      with a half-life of about 50 min and a second with a half-life of about 10 hr.
      These results independently confirm our previous studies on the decay of mRNA
      extracted from actinomycin D-treated cells. Since these results were in apparent
      conflict with half-life determinations obtained with a combination of actinomycin
      D and daunomycin (J. P. Margolskee and H. F. Lodish, 1980a, Dev. Biol. 74, 37
      49), we have also studied mRNA half-life in cells treated with a combination of
      both drugs and found that simultaneous use of both drugs leads to accelerated
      mRNA decay and other noticeable side effects. In light of our observations, we
      have suggested an alternative to conclusions drawn by others with respect to mRNA
      synthesis and stability in Dictyostelium development.

PMID- 6825927
TI  - Cultured quail neural crest cells attain competence for terminal differentiation
      into melanocytes before competence to terminal differentiation into adrenergic
      neurons.
AB  - At the onset of migration the quail neural crest contains pluripotent progenitor
      cells that give rise to both melanocytes and adrenergic neurons as well as
      progenitor cells that are already committed to the melanogenic or the neuronal
      pathway. In this paper we show that melanogenic progenitors attain the competence
      for terminal differentiation prior to adrenergic progenitors. The adrenergic
      phenotype was only expressed when the crest cells were allowed to proliferate in
      vitro for at least 3 days. Differentiation into melanocytes, however, occurred
      even when proliferation was blocked with cytosine arabinoside immediately after
      explanation of the neural tube.

PMID- 6825929
TI  - Evidence in support of the hypothesis of an electrically mediated fast block to
      polyspermy in sea urchin eggs.
AB  - Action currents were recorded extracellularly in sea urchin (Echinus esculentus
      and Psammechinus miliaris) eggs at fertilization. The action current was shown to
      correspond to the rising phase of a regenerative action potential by simultaneous
      intracellular recording. The uniform occurrence of such an action current at
      fertilization indicates that the resting potential of the unimpaled egg must be
      more negative than -50 mV, the action potential threshold, and offers
      confirmation of the hypothesis that the fast block to polyspermy in the sea
      urchin egg is electrical in nature.

PMID- 6825931
TI  - Fluctuation in the development of various skeletal muscles in the chick embryo,
      with special reference to AChE activity and the formation of neuromuscular
      junctions.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-rich cytoplasmic granules in the developing myofibers
      increased remarkably until the establishment of neuromuscular junctions and
      thereafter decreased rapidly, whereas junctional AChE activities continued to
      increase (K. Wake, 1976, Cell Tissue Res. 173, 383-400). In the present paper,
      during the developmental course of the chick embryo, the temporal and regional
      gradients in differentiation of skeletal muscles at various sites were examined
      with special reference to the fluctuation of intracellular AChE activity. AChE
      rich granules in each muscle throughout the whole body of chick embryos were
      observed. Since the distribution pattern of these granules changed regularly in
      the course of the muscle fiber development, advances of muscle differentiation in
      various sites of the body were compared. (1) The process of muscle development is
      more advanced in the trunk muscles than in the limb muscles. (2) The dorsal trunk
      muscles differentiate one day earlier than the ventral ones. (3) Within the same
      limb, proximal muscles differentiate approximately 24 hr ahead of distal ones.
      (4) The development of posterior limb muscles advances faster than that of
      anterior limb muscles. (5) Within the thigh muscles, the flexor muscles tend to
      differentiate earlier than the extensor muscles.

PMID- 6825930
TI  - Changes in internal pH associated with initiation of motility and acrosome
      reaction of sea urchin sperm.
AB  - The changes in the intracellular pH (pHi) of sea urchin sperm associated with
      motility initiation and acrosome reaction were investigated using uptake of two
      different probes; 9-aminoacridine and methylamine, as a qualitative index. Sperm
      suspended in Na+-free sea water were immotile and able to concentrate these
      amines 20-fold or greater indicating that pHi is more acidic than the external
      medium (pHo = 7.7). This uptake ratio was essentially constant over a wide range
      of probe and sperm concentrations. Discharge of the pH gradient with specific
      ionophores (nigericin, monensin, and tetrachlorosalicylanilide) or
      nonspecifically using low concentration of detergents (Triton X-100 and
      lysolecithin) all resulted in the release of the probes indicating they are
      indeed sensing the pH gradient across the sperm membrane. Addition of Na+ to
      sperm suspended in Na+-free sea water resulted in activation of motility with
      concomitant efflux of the probes indicating the alkalinization of pHi by 0.4-0.5
      pH units. That this pHi change is the causal trigger of motility was suggested by
      experiments using NH4Cl and nigericin, which increased the pHi and resulted in
      activation of motility in the absence of Na+. When sperm were directly diluted
      into artificial sea water (motility activated), a slow reacidification of pHi was
      observed in one species of sea urchin (L. pictus) but not in the other (S.
      purpuratus). This acidification could be blocked by mitochondrial inhibitors,
      verapamil, or the removal of external calcium suggesting that the increase in
      metabolic activity stimulated by the influx of Ca2+ is responsible for the
      reacidification. Induction of acrosome reaction further alkalinized the pHi by
      about 0.16 pH units and was also followed by prolonged reacidification which
      correlated with the observed increase in Ca2+ uptake. Either mitochondrial agents
      or the removal of external Ca2+ could also block this pHi change suggesting a
      similar mechanism is involved.

PMID- 6825932
TI  - Oriented axon outgrowth from avian embryonic retinae in culture.
AB  - The neural retina of avian embryos was spread on a membrane filter and cut in any
      desired orientation. Strips cut across the retina of 4- to 7-day chick or 3- to 6
      day quail embryos were explanted onto collagen gels. Vigorous neurite outgrowth
      was seen for about 3 days, by which time many neurites were 3 mm long.
      Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling showed that the cells producing the
      neurites were large and formed a layer near the inner limiting membrane,
      indicating that the neurites in vitro were axons of retinal ganglion cells. The
      size of the neurite population and the regions from which neurites emerged varied
      with the donor age, while most neurites sprouted from the side of the explant
      formerly closest to the optic fissure. This pattern closely resembled that of
      axon growth in the normal retina, as revealed by SEM, silver staining, and HRP
      labeling. Mitotic inhibitors (Ara-C and FUdR) did not alter the neurite
      outgrowth. Pretreatment of retinae with trypsin or collagenase did not
      disorganize axons at the time of explanation, but tended to equalize neurite
      emergence on each side of the retinal strips. We suggest that microenvironmental
      factors, especially the enzyme-labile inner limiting membrane, are important for
      axon guidance in the retina.

PMID- 6825933
TI  - A new method for examining the complexity and relationships of "timers" in
      developing systems.
AB  - Simple methods are developed for analyzing the rate-limiting pathways, or
      "developmental timers," for consecutive stages in a developing system. Two
      conditions are first defined for short and long timing to a developmental stage.
      Shifts are then performed at time intervals from short to long and long to short
      conditions. The total time to the stage (time under first condition plus time
      under second condition) is scored and plotted as a function of the time of shift,
      resulting in two plots, one for shifts from the short to long condition, and the
      other for shifts from the long to short condition. Each plot is then analyzed for
      the number of components, slopes of components, absolute times of origins and
      termini of components, and discontinuities between components. This information
      is then used (1) to distinguish between single- and multiple-component timers,
      (2) to assess the sensitivity of each timer component to the change in the
      environmental condition employed in the method, including reversibility, (3) to
      test for the addition of a new timer component under long conditions, and (4) to
      test for an identity change of a timer component between short and long
      conditions. These interpretations in turn provide a minimum estimate of the
      complexity of the rate-limiting pathway to a developmental stage, temporally
      define major transition points between timer components, and provide some insight
      into the nature of timer components. By characterizing the rate-limiting pathway
      from the origin of a developmental program for each consecutive stage in that
      program, distinctions can also be made between single, parallel, sequential, and
      branching timer relationships. From these interpretations, a detailed temporal
      "map" of the rate-limiting program can be generated for any developmental system
      in which consecutive stages can be reproducibly monitored with time.

PMID- 6825934
TI  - An analysis of developmental timing in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - A new method has been developed to assess the minimum complexity and
      relationships of those pathways (developmental timers) which time the consecutive
      stages of a developing system (Soll, 1983). This method has been applied to the
      morphogenetic program of Dictyostelium discoideum and has resulted in (1) a
      minimum estimate of the number of components comprising the timers for the first
      seven stages of morphogenesis, (2) a characterization of the temperature
      sensitivities of these components including demonstration of a reversible timer
      component, (3) detained temporal definition of a number of transition points
      between rate-limiting components including a major branch point for the onset of
      several independent timer components coincident with the onset of aggregation,
      and (4) a temporal model for the relationships between the timers of the seven
      consecutive morphogenetic stages, including several examples of parallel timers.

PMID- 6825935
TI  - Polyamines in early embryonic development: their relationship to nuclear
      multiplication rate, cell cycle traverse, and nucleolar formation in a dipteran
      egg.
AB  - Polyamine synthesis and accumulation were assessed from fertilization until
      gastrulation in a dipteran egg (Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen). Spermidine
      synthesis was activated immediately after fertilization, generating a broad
      spermidine peak during early cleavage. This period is characterized by the most
      rapid nuclear multiplication known from animal material. Cleavage consists of
      nuclear multiplication only, and the egg remains syncytial until gastrulation.
      After nine synchronous nuclear divisions with a cycle length of 10 min, the cycle
      length is gradually increased to 20 min during the subsequent four
      parasynchronous nuclear divisions. The spermidine level decreased in parallel
      with this decreasing rate of nuclear division. The interphase of the next nuclear
      cycle is remarkably prolonged and lasts for more than 90 min, i.e., until after
      the onset of gastrulation. It consists of an initial short S phase followed by a
      longer G2 phase; G1 is extremely short or absent. During this prolonged
      interphase, spermidine content showed a biphasic pattern of changes with peaks
      during S and late G2. The S-phase peak also coincides with the first appearance
      of nucleoli during embryogenesis. The late-G2-phase peak coincides with the
      period of rapid cytokinesis, during which all nuclei in the peripheral layer of
      the syncytium become separated by membranes forming a cellular blastoderm. The
      polyamine pattern is consistent with the idea that the polyamines play an
      important role in DNA replication and in cytokinesis as well as in nucleolar
      formation.

PMID- 6825936
TI  - Competence and determination in the process of in vitro shoot organogenesis.
AB  - Leaf explants of Convolvulus arvensis produce shoots when cultured on Murashige
      and Skoog salts, sucrose, vitamins and 0.05 mg/liter IAA plus 7.0 mg/liter 2
      isopentenyl adenine. Shoot-inducing, root-inducing, or callus-inducing medium
      (SIM, RIM, or CIM) will cause small amounts of callus to form at the cut edges of
      the explant. This first-formed callus is developmentally interchangeable: SIM
      induces shoots in callus formed on CIM or SIM with equal effect and efficiency.
      Once induction begins in competent callus, the callus is no longer
      interchangeable. Under the continued influence of SIM, cells, or groups of cells
      become determined for shoot formation. This determination is strongly canalized
      for shoot formation: subsequent transfer to root-inducing medium does not affect
      the formation of shoots by the explant. The control of organogenesis by the
      auxin/cytokinin balance must occur between the time the tissue becomes competent
      and the time it is determined for shoot (or root) development. It is not known
      whether this control is a single or multiple phenomenon.

PMID- 6825937
TI  - Developmental regulation of Drosophila imaginal disc proteins: synthesis of a
      heat shock protein under non-heat-shock conditions.
AB  - A low-molecular-weight heat-shock protein is reported here to be synthesized in
      Drosophila imaginal discs under non-heat-shock conditions. This protein has been
      identified as hsp 23 by its mobility in SDS-gel electrophoresis, by its
      isoelectric point, and by its partial proteolytic digest pattern. This protein is
      shown to be synthesized in tissue from late-third-instar larvae using both in
      vitro and in vivo radiolabeling techniques. Tissues from late-third-instar larvae
      synthesize hsp 23 at a level much higher than tissues from mid-third-instar
      larvae. The increased synthesis of this protein at the end of third instar
      coincides with the rise in ecdysone titer that occurs at this time of
      development. The developmental regulation of this protein suggests that hsp 23
      plays a role in normal development as well as in the heat-shock response.

PMID- 6825938
TI  - Deletion mapping of the T/t complex: evidence for a second region of critical
      embryonic genes.
AB  - The developmental effects of three different deletion mutations of the T/t
      complex of the mouse have been studied. The three mutations, TOak Ridge (OR),
      TOrleans (TOrl), and THair pin (THp), each produce a unique homozygous lethal
      phenotype: THp homozygotes fail to develop normally past the morula stage, TOrl
      homozygotes past the blastocyst stage, and TOR homozygotes past the egg cylinder
      stage. In compound embryos (TX/TY), the lethal phenotype observed corresponds to
      the shared length of deleted chromosome. This interaction allows the regions of
      chromosome 17, containing genetic information critical to early mammalian
      development, to be mapped.

PMID- 6825939
TI  - The increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in Arbacia punctulata is
      not a universal event in the activation of sea urchin eggs.
AB  - Eggs of the sea urchins Arbacia punctulata (Ap), Lytechinus pictus (Lp), and
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp) were labeled to equilibrium with 32PO3-4.
      Approximately 65-70% of the label in extractable adenine nucleotides comigrates
      chromatographically with ATP. Autoradiograms of one-dimensional sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) slab gels show that each
      species possesses a distinct complement of phosphate-exchangeable
      phosphoproteins. No changes in the phosphoprotein composition are detected in Lp
      and Sp eggs as a result of fertilization or development for 2.5 hr (with the
      possible exception of a 43,000 Mr protein in Lp). In Ap, increases in the
      phosphorylation of bands at Mr's 30,000, 55,000, and 105,000 are seen during the
      first 10 min postinsemination. The 30,000 Mr band in Ap eggs has previously been
      identified as ribosomal protein S6 and the hypothesis presented that its
      increased phosphorylation may be an important step in the activation of protein
      synthesis at fertilization (D. G. Ballinger and T. Hunt, 1981, Dev. Biol. 87, 277
      285). In Lp and Sp eggs S6 (identified by two-dimensional PAGE) is heavily
      phosphorylated in the unfertilized state and the extent of labeling does not
      increase after fertilization. If the increased phosphorylation of S6 seen in Ap
      is indeed related to translational activation, then these results suggest that
      different sea urchin species may rely on different mechanisms for the activation
      of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6825941
TI  - Changes in nucleosomal core histone variants during chicken development and
      maturation.
AB  - The nucleosomal core histones H2A, H2B, and H3 of the chicken can be resolved by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of nonionic detergents into
      two primary structure variants each, which occur in different relative amounts in
      various adult tissues. Quantitative analysis of the histone components throughout
      embryonic development and posthatching maturation of the chicken revealed that
      the proportions of the three pairs of variants change independently. Thus, the
      two H2A variants occur in similar proportions throughout embryonic development
      and in all adult tissues. In contrast, only one variant each of H2B and H3 is
      detectable at the earliest stages (primitive streak). The second variant of these
      histones becomes detectable and increases gradually during somite formation (2-12
      days of incubation) to reach a plateau at a level of about 3 and 10% of total H2B
      and H3 histones, respectively. After hatching, the relative amounts of the minor
      H2B and H3 variants remain at embryonic levels in those tissues which maintain a
      high mitotic activity such as blood-forming tissues, but increase with different
      kinetics in tissues which essentially stop cell division in adults (e.g., liver,
      kidney, etc.). However, while H2B.2 remains a very minor component in all
      tissues, H3.3 increases at a relatively high rate for more than a year to become
      the predominant H3 variant in the liver and kidney of older chickens. The changes
      in chicken core histone variant proportions appear to be related to changes in
      growth rate rather than cell differentiation. The extensive change of H3 variant
      proportions in nondividing adult tissues is most likely due to replication
      independent incorporation of H3.3 into nucleosomes.

PMID- 6825940
TI  - Induction of acetylcholine receptor synthesis and aggregation: partial
      purification of low-molecular-weight activity.
AB  - We have studied the effect of saline and acid extracts of chick brain on the
      total number of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and the number of receptor clusters
      in cultured chick muscle cells. Myotubes in 7-day cultures responded more rapidly
      to brain extract than did myotubes in 4-day cultures, so the older cells were
      used in subsequent bioassays. A large percentage of the receptor inducing
      activity was soluble in 2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and this material appeared
      by Sephadex G-25 chromatography to be about 1000 daltons in size. Activity was
      retained on octadecasilyl silica and was further purified by reverse-phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography using a TFA-acetonitrile gradient system. Material
      that eluted between 35 and 40% acetonitrile, termed C4018, was 500- to 1000-fold
      more potent than saline extract. The receptor accumulation induced by C4018 was
      associated with an increased rate of receptor incorporation, presumably receptor
      synthesis, rather than to a decrease in receptor degradation. An increase in
      incorporation was detected as early as 3 hr after C4018 was added to 7-day
      cultures and the effect was maximal after 10 hr. C4018 also promoted the
      aggregation of receptors that were already incorporated in the surface membrane
      at the time to addition. It is not yet known if aggregation of "old" receptors
      and increased receptor synthesis are related or if the two phenomena are mediated
      by the same molecule.

PMID- 6825942
TI  - A subcortical, pigment-containing structure in Xenopus eggs with contractile
      properties.
AB  - An accumulation of insoluble, finely granular material has been observed under
      the pigmented surface of Xenopus eggs by a specialized "dry fracture" technique
      and scanning electron microscopy. Cortical granules and pigment granules can be
      recognized with the techniques and can be seen to be embedded in the material.
      Thin sections show that the region also contains mitochondria and membranous
      vesicles or reticula. Yolk platelets are largely excluded from the heaviest
      accumulations of the material. The substance is most dense just under the cortex
      and grades off gradually into the more diffuse, yolk-containing network of the
      endoplasm. The accumulation of material is much thicker in the animal hemisphere
      of the egg than in the vegetal hemisphere, and the pigment embedded in it defines
      the pigmented area of the animal hemisphere. In the pigmented area the material
      excludes yolk for a thickness of 3-7+ microns from the surface. In the vegetal
      hemisphere there is no such accumulation and yolk platelets can be found almost
      touching the plasmalemma. Cortical contractions have been experimentally induced
      in eggs. Their relative strength correlates with the relative thickness of the
      finely granular, subcortical material. During contraction the material
      accumulates to much greater thicknesses, excluding yolk from thicknesses of 15
      30+ microns from the surface. The contracting entity is, or is in, the finely
      granular material. Injection of cytochalasins into the eggs inhibits cleavage
      furrow operation but does not inhibit the induced cortical contractions. The thus
      do not seem to be dependent on actin microfilamentogenesis as is the operation of
      the contractile ring of the cleavage furrow. The differential sensitivity to
      cytochalasins of the contractile ring and the system responding in the induced
      cortical contractions, suggests a two-component system for cortical contractions
      in the egg. A model is presented which accommodates the available data.

PMID- 6825943
TI  - Regional differences in the expression of myosin light chains and tropomyosin
      subunits during development of chicken breast muscle.
AB  - Types of myosin light chains and tropomyosins present in various regions and at
      different developmental stages of embryonic and posthatched chicken breast muscle
      (pectoralis major) have been characterized by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. In the embryonic muscle all areas appear to accumulate both slow
      and fast forms of myosin light chains in addition to alpha and beta forms of
      tropomyosin. During development regional differences in myosin and tropomyosin
      expression become apparent. Slow myosin subunits become gradually restricted to
      areas of the anterior region of the muscle and finally become localized to a
      small red strip found on its anterior deep surface. This red region is
      characterized by the presence of slow and fast myosin light chains, alpha-fast,
      alpha-slow, and beta-tropomyosin. In all other areas of the muscle examined only
      fast myosin light chains, beta-tropomyosin and the alpha-fast form of
      tropomyosin, are found. In addition, beta-tropomyosin also gradually becomes lost
      in the posterior regions of the developing breast muscle. In the adult, the red
      strip area represents less than 1% of the total pectoralis major mass and of the
      myosin extracted from this area approximately 15% was present as an isozyme that
      comigrated on nondenaturing gels with myosin from a slow muscle (anterior
      latissimus dorsi). The red region accumulates therefore fast as well as slow
      muscle myosin. Thus while the adult chicken pectoralis major is over 99% fast
      white muscle, the embryonic muscle displays a significant and changing capacity
      to accumulate both fast and slow muscle peptides.

PMID- 6825944
TI  - Guidance of myogenic cell migration by oriented deposits of fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin mediates myoblast-substratum attachment; one region of the molecule
      binds directly to the cell surface, while others bind to collagen,
      glycosaminoglycans, and other fibronectin molecules. There is evidence to suggest
      that fibronectin-containing extracellular matrices guide cell migration in vivo.
      We describe a method for producing regular deposits of fibronectin in vitro that
      can serve as a model system for studying cell-substrate interactions, cell
      orientation, and contact guidance. The novel culture substrate is prepared by
      allowing an aqueous solution of fibronectin and urea to dry in a culture dish and
      then washing away the urea crystals. Myogenic cells in vitro adhere to, align
      with, and migrate along, parallel streaks of fibronectin. This leads to the
      formation of myotubes that are long and thin, with little branching. Myogenic
      clones are highly elongated in the direction of the deposits, in contrast with
      the roughly circular clones seen in conventional cultures. Fibroblasts and limb
      bud mesenchymal cells align with fibronectin deposits, assuming a bipolar shape.

PMID- 6825945
TI  - Fiber optic mapping of the Xenopus visual system: shift in the retinotectal
      projection during development.
AB  - Two new techniques for assaying the retina to tectum connections in the lower
      vertebrate visual system are presented. These techniques allow defined regions of
      the retina to be stimulated, thus circumventing some of the difficulties of the
      more conventional retinotectal mapping techniques. Applying these techniques to
      the Xenopus visual system demonstrates that the retina-to-tectum projection
      shifts during development. The central part of the retinotectal projection moves
      medially and caudally about 150 microns (10% of the size of the tectum) in two
      weeks. The presence of such plasticity in a normal developing animal indicates
      that the plasticity previously observed in experimentally altered animals
      probably reflects a normal developmental process.

PMID- 6825946
TI  - Developmental autonomy of muscle fine structure in muscle lineage cells of
      ascidian embryos.
AB  - We have observed ultrastructural features of muscle differentiation in the muscle
      lineage cells of cleavage-arrested whole embryos and partial embryos of
      ascidians. Whole embryos of Ciona intestinalis and Ascidia ceratodes were
      cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B at the 8-cell stage and reared to an age
      equivalent to several hours after hatching; these embryos formed extensive
      myofilaments which were often further organized into myofibrils of different
      sizes and densities in the peripheral cytoplasm of the two muscle lineage
      blastomeres (B4.1 pair). Developing myofibrils in cleavage-arrested embryos
      resembled the muscle elements observed in normal hatched larvae, but were less
      uniformly organized. A similar development of myofilaments and myofibrils
      occurred in the muscle lineage cells of multicellular partial embryos reared to
      "hatching" age. These partial embryos resulted from the isolated muscle lineage
      pair (B4.1) of blastomeres of the 8-cell stage (Ciona and Ascidia), and from a
      muscle lineage blastomere pair (B5.2) isolated at the 16-cell stage (Ascidia).
      Muscle lineage cells in the partial embryos were readily identified by the dense
      aggregates of mitochondria in their cytoplasm. Taken together, these results from
      the two kinds of partial embryo effectively eliminate inductive interactions with
      embryonic tissues other than mesodermal as a necessary factor in the onset of
      self-differentiation in muscle lineage cells. The relative complexity of muscle
      phenotype expressed in cleavage-arrested and partial embryos attests to an
      unusually strong developmental autonomy in the ascidian muscle lineages. This
      autonomy lends further support to the theory that a localized and segregated egg
      cytoplasmic determinant is responsible for larval muscle development in ascidian
      embryos.

PMID- 6825947
TI  - Embryogenesis of peripheral nerve pathways in grasshopper legs. II. The major
      nerve routes.
AB  - In the preceding paper (H. Keshishian and D. Bentley, 1983a, Dev. Biol. 96, 89
      102) the events leading to the morphogenesis of nerve 5B1 in the grasshopper
      embryonic metathoracic leg were presented. Here the role of later differentiating
      peripheral neurons in establishing the other major nerves of the leg is examined.
      In addition to the (tibial 1) (Ti1) pioneer neuron cell pairs that establish
      nerve 5B1 in the tibia femur, and coxa-trochanter, six later differentiating
      cells and/or cell pairs were identified and examined with respect to their role
      in peripheral nerve ontogeny. Nerve path pioneering was observed in two cell
      pairs of the distal tarsus (Ta1 and Ta2), by neurons of the posterior proximal
      tibia (Ti2), the posterior midfemur (neurons F3 and F4), and by an additional
      cell pair in the anterior coxal-trochanteral region of the limb bud (cell pair,
      CT2). In addition, efferent projections onto limb and epithelia played an
      important role in establishing nerve branches. In two nerves the axonal
      trajectory from the periphery to the CNS is established by afferent and efferent
      pathfinding axons meeting halfway and overgrowing each other's established
      projections. For each nerve branch examined it was found that axons projected
      initially to the cell bodies of previously arising neurons along the trajectory.
      The location along the limb bud ectoderm where neurons arise, and hence their
      ultimate cell body positions, played an important role in organizing the
      fasciculation of follower axons and establishing branch points.

PMID- 6825948
TI  - Classification of DNA polymerase activities from ovaries of the frog, Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - Four distinct DNA polymerase activities were isolated from ovaries of the frog
      Xenopus laevis. Specific assays for each activity were established. The isolated
      activities were characterized by molecular weight, template-primer preferences,
      and sensitivity to specific inhibitors as Xenopus laevis ovarian DNA polymerases
      alpha 1, -alpha 2, -beta, and -gamma. All previously described Xenopus laevis DNA
      polymerases were classified using these properties.

PMID- 6825949
TI  - Embryogenesis of peripheral nerve pathways in grasshopper legs. III. Development
      without pioneer neurons.
AB  - We have examined the consequence of deleting the first pathfinding neurons to
      differentiate in the metathoracic leg, cell pair tibial 1 (Ti1) (C. M. Bate,
      1976, Nature (London) 260, 54-56; H. Keshishian, 1980, Dev. Biol. 80, 388-397) on
      the development of two uniquely identifiable follower sensory neurons, and upon
      the subsequent development of nerve 5B1 in the leg. Following the equivalent of
      10-15% of embryonic development in culture the follower sensory neurons were
      found to have formed topologically normal axonal trajectories in the leg, and to
      have established contacts with later differentiating sensory and motor axons in
      an essentially normal fashion. The results show that followers can navigate the
      route normally taken by the pioneers, and suggest that the pioneers do not have
      unusual pathfinding capabilities.

PMID- 6825950
TI  - The role of the neural crest in patterning of avian cranial skeletal, connective,
      and muscle tissues.
AB  - The morphology of skeletal tissues formed in each of the branchial arches of
      higher vertebrates is unique. In addition to these structures, which are derived
      from the neural crest, the crest-derived connective tissues and mesodermal
      muscles also form different patterns in each of the branchial arches. The
      objective of this study was to examine how these patterns arise during avian
      embryonic development. Presumptive second or third arch neural crest cells were
      excised from chick hosts and replaced with presumptive first arch crest cells.
      Both quail and chick embryos were used as donors; orthotopic crest grafts were
      performed as controls. Following heterotopic transplantation, the hosts developed
      several unexpected anomalies. Externally they were characterized by the
      appearance of ectopic, beak-like projections from the ventrolateral surface of
      the neck and also by the formation of supernumerary external auditory depressions
      located immediately caudal to the normal external ear. Internally, the grafted
      cells migrated in accordance with normal, second arch pathways but then formed a
      complete, duplicate first arch skeletal system in their new location. Squamosal,
      quadrate, pterygoid, Meckel's, and angular elements were present in most cases.
      In addition, anomalous first arch-type muscles were found associated with the
      ectopic skeletal tissues in the second arch. These results indicate that the
      basis for patterning of branchial arch skeletal and connective tissues resides
      within the neural crest population prior to its emigration from the neural
      epithelium, and not within the pharynx or pharyngeal pouches as had previously
      been suggested. Furthermore, the patterns of myogenesis by mesenchymal
      populations derived from paraxial mesoderm is dependent upon properties inherent
      to the neural crest.

PMID- 6825951
TI  - Cytoplasmic cycle in meiotic division of starfish oocytes.
AB  - Nonnucleate fragments of sea urchin and amphibian eggs are known to show an
      autonomous cyclic activity whose interval is comparable to the cleavage interval
      of normal eggs. In order to examine for the presence of such a cytoplasmic cycle
      in meiotic division, maturing oocytes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, were
      bisected into halves about 10 min after germinal vesicle breakdown, and tension
      at the surface of the nonnucleate fragments was continuously measured by a
      compression method. The nonucleate fragments were found to show cyclic changes in
      the tension, with a temporal pattern very similar to that of the changes
      accompanying the two successive meiotic divisions of normal oocytes; i.e., the
      sharp peak in the tension was found to occur always twice, and only twice.
      However, the nonnucleate fragment of immature oocytes showed only a gradual rise
      in the tension without any cyclic change even when it was induced to mature by 1
      methyladenine. When the maturing oocyte was bisected before germinal vesicle
      breakdown, the nonnucleate fragment still did not cycle. These results indicate
      that cytoplasm of maturing oocytes which underwent germinal vesicle breakdown is
      endowed not only with cyclic activity, but also with terminating it after two
      cycles. It is suggested that germinal vesicle material may trigger such an
      autonomous cyclic activity.

PMID- 6825952
TI  - Tissue-specific synthesis of yolk proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - The primary site of yolk protein synthesis in the nematode, Caenorhabditis
      elegans, has been determined. In animals containing no gonadal cells (obtained by
      laser ablation of the gonadal precursor cells early in development), yolk
      proteins are present in abundance. This demonstrates that yolk proteins are made
      outside the gonad. An examination of proteins present in tissues isolated by
      dissection, and a comparison of proteins synthesized by isolated tissues
      incubated in vitro have identified the intestine as the major site of yolk
      protein synthesis. We propose that yolk proteins are synthesized in the
      intestine, secreted from the intestine into the body cavity, and taken up from
      the body cavity by the gonad to reach oocytes. The site of yolk protein synthesis
      has also been examined in four mutants that have largely male somatic tissues,
      but a hermaphrodite germ line. Here again, yolk proteins are produced by
      intestines in a hermaphrodite-specific manner. This suggests that sex
      determination is coordinately regulated in intestinal and germ line tissues.

PMID- 6825953
TI  - Human mammary gland morphogenesis in vitro: the growth and differentiation of
      normal breast epithelium in collagen gel cultures defined by electron microscopy,
      monoclonal antibodies, and autoradiography.

PMID- 6825954
TI  - Hydra transplantation phenomena and the mechanism of hydra head regeneration. I.
      Properties of the head inhibition.
AB  - Measurements were made of the "head inhibition" and the "head inhibition
      gradient" in Hydra. Following decapitation, the head inhibition decays with a
      half-time of 2-3 hr. The slope of the inhibition gradient increases about twofold
      when the temperature is raised from 20 to 24 degrees C; the increase (at the
      higher temperature) occurs with a half-time of about 1.2 hr. These results are
      consistent with the idea that the head inhibition and the head inhibition
      gradient are due to a diffusing substance, made in the head and broken down in
      the body of Hydra, with a half-life of about 2 hr at 20 degrees C and about 1 hr
      at 24 degrees C. Calculations suggest a diffusion constant of 1-3 X 10(-6)
      cm2/sec and a gradient range (ratio of maximum to minimum concentration) of about
      2. During head regeneration, the head inhibition returns much more slowly than
      one would expect if its production were switched on at the time of "head
      determination." The slow return of the inhibition can be explained if one assumes
      that determination is due to the "activation" of a few cells, while the
      restoration of inhibition depends on the lateral expansion of the activated
      region. This behavior is observed in a "proportion-regulating" diffusion-reaction
      model proposed by Gierer and Meinhardt, 1972, Kybernetik 12, 30-39. Transplants
      to beheaded animals demonstrate a substantial inhibition gradient even at 6 hr
      after decapitation, a time at which most of the inhibitor from the original head
      should have decayed and no substantial amount of inhibitor is expected from the
      regenerated head. Experiments in which parts of a hydra's body are removed
      suggest that this inhibition gradient is due to the production of some inhibitor
      in the body, with larger amounts produced in apical portions.

PMID- 6825955
TI  - Cell surface proteins of Drosophila. I. Changes induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone.
AB  - Treatment of several Drosophila cell lines with the molting hormone (20
      hydroxyecdysone) resulted in biochemical and cellular changes including the
      morphogenetic process of cell aggregation. Radiolabeling of the cell surface
      proteins revealed 34 polypeptides that are modulated by the hormone's action.
      This modulation included both expression of "new" proteins and disappearance of
      preexisting polypeptides. Whereas most of the hormone-induced proteins were
      lentil lectin-binding glycoproteins, only one group of disappearing proteins
      appears to bind lentil lectin. Labeling of the cell surface prior to hormone
      addition revealed no specific modification of preexisting surface proteins which
      could account for the protein changes observed with one possible exception. The
      potential relationship between the modulation in surface proteins and the
      increase in cell-cell adhesion that occurs during hormone exposure is discussed.

PMID- 6825956
TI  - Hydra transplantation phenomena and the mechanism of Hydra head regeneration. II.
      Properties of the head activation.
AB  - Measurements were made of the "head activation" in transplanted fragments of
      Hydra tissue. The measurements confirm that head activation is graded in the body
      and that activation increases during head regeneration. Experiments of two
      different sorts show that regeneration-specific activation increase is confined
      to the presumptive head zone. When head formation is initiated and subsequently
      blocked, the activation decays back to its original level in about 12 hr; this is
      three times faster than the activation decay observed in body tissue moved to a
      more basal position. Experiments on foot formation phenomena show a similar
      lability difference. It thus appears that regeneration-specific activation
      increase involves a mechanism different from the one responsible for the gradient
      of activation in the body. Cutting produces a local increase of the head and/or
      foot activation level; this increase decays in about 12 hr. These results and
      those of the preceding paper are consistent with a version of the Gierer
      Meinhardt model which also accounts for the regulation of the head/body
      proportion in Hydra.

PMID- 6825957
TI  - Effects of antibodies to nerve growth factor on intrauterine development of
      derivatives of cranial neural crest and placode in the guinea pig.
AB  - Fetal guinea pigs transplacentally exposed to maternal nerve growth factor
      antibodies in the latter part of gestation show marked depletion of sensory
      neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. Sensory neurons of the nodose ganglion and
      spiral ganglion which are derived from placodes, and parasympathetic motor
      neurons of the ciliary, otic, and sphenopalatine ganglia which are derived, like
      the bulk of the trigeminal ganglion, from cranial neural crest, are unaffected by
      the antibodies. Previous studies showed that sensory and some sympathetic
      derivatives of spinal neural crest are effected but that more peripherally
      located structures of similar origin are not. The local microenvironment in the
      fetus appears to alter the NGF requirements of structures derived from the same
      primordia. The model described provides a useful means of studying the effect of
      trophic factor inhibition in the natural fetal setting and is free of many
      potential artifacts of tissue culture. Comparison of the animal results with the
      pathology of familial dysautonomia indicates that nerve growth factor dysfunction
      alone does not, in our current state of knowledge, adequately account for the
      etiology of the disease.

PMID- 6825958
TI  - Characterization of cortical secretory vesicles from the sea urchin egg.
AB  - In order to evaluate the potential role of cortical vesicle exocytosis in
      modifying the egg surface at fertilization, we have begun characterization of the
      cortical secretory vesicle. Earlier reports (N. K. Detering, G. L. Decker, E. D.
      Schmell, and W. Lennarz, 1977, J. Cell Biol. 75, 899-914) have described the
      isolation of an egg cell surface complex which consists of the egg plasma
      membrane and cortical secretory vesicles. We have now developed a method of
      dissassembling the cell surface complex and isolating the cortical vesicles. The
      very low levels of contaminating plasma membrane in this preparation allow the
      meaningful comparison of plasma membrane and cortical vesicle proteins and
      lipids. The cortical vesicles were found to be rich in high-molecular-weight PAS
      positive proteins. The majority of these glycoconjugates were solubilized by
      hypotonic lysis of the cortical vesicles and probably represent proteins
      sequestered inside the intact vesicles. The fatty acid composition of the
      cortical vesicles was found to be unusually high in arachidonic acid. The fatty
      acid composition of the cortical vesicles was closely similar to that of the
      plasma membrane; however, the cortical vesicles were substantially higher in
      cholesterol content.

PMID- 6825959
TI  - Analysis of cartilage differentiation from skeletal muscle grown on bone matrix.
      III. Environmental regulation of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan synthesis.
AB  - The ability of numerous nutritional and topographic factors to influence
      differentiation of embryonic mesenchyme has given rise to several theories which
      attempt to explain the development of muscle and cartilage from these similar
      appearing cells. Some theories are challenged by the observation that a
      substratum of demineralized bone is capable of supporting the transformation of
      skeletal muscle into cartilage in vitro and that the potential to form cartilage
      still resides within cloned myoblasts and fibroblasts of skeletal muscle. In the
      present study, culture media CMRL-1066, minimal essential medium (MEM), and F-12
      provide varied nutritional environments and are tested for their ability to
      support the morphological and biochemical transformation of skeletal muscle into
      cartilage. Morphologically, CMRL-1066 reproducibly supports hyaline cartilage
      formation, whereas MEM does so in only one out of three explants onto
      demineralized bone, and F-12 is incapable of supporting formation of a hyaline
      matrix. Biochemically, each medium is sufficient to elicit synthesis of cartilage
      like patterns of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycan monomer. Synthesis
      of hyaluronic acid (HA) initially increases in explants grown in CMRL-1066, but
      decreases prior to chondrogenesis. MEM elicits a similar increase in HA
      synthesis, but the subsequent decrease is not as rapid. In F-12, synthesis
      remains depressed throughout the experiment. The data show that increases in HA
      synthesis occur concurrent with the appearance of fibroblast-like cells, which
      normally precede chondroblasts. Decreases in HA synthesis correlate well with the
      onset of chondrogenesis. Explants grown in CMRL-1066 reproducibly from cartilage
      and synthesize the greatest amounts of proteoglycan aggregate. Those grown in MEM
      form cartilage infrequently, synthesize reduced amounts of proteoglycan aggregate
      like material, and contain greater amounts of HA, of low molecular weight. The
      data demonstrate that chondrogenesis can be subtly regulated by environmental
      factors, and such factors regulate both the morphological and biochemical
      expression of the phenotype through HA synthesis.

PMID- 6825960
TI  - Synthesis of proteoglycans, collagen, and elastin by cultures of rabbit auricular
      chondrocytes--relation to age of the donor.
AB  - Chondrocytes were isolated from the auricular cartilage of rabbits, aged 1 week
      to 30 months, and grown in short-term cell culture. The cells from the 1-week
      animals were small, polygonal, and mononucleated, while the chondrocytes from the
      older animals were larger, rounded, and frequently binucleated. The synthesis of
      proteoglycans, collagen, and elastin was determined by isotope incubation.
      Chemical characterization of the proteoglycans was also performed. The production
      of the matrix macromolecules showed a clear age dependence with peak synthesis
      occurring at different ages. Proteoglycans were actively synthesized by
      chondrocytes from all age groups with a broad maximum between 2 weeks and 5
      months followed by a sharp decline to about 50% of the 1-week level at 12-30
      months. Collagen synthesis peaked at 2 weeks, declining progressively thereafter
      to about 60% of the 1-week level at 30 months. Elastin synthesis was highest in
      the 1-week cultures and thereafter fell quickly to very low levels. In all age
      groups the chondrocytes synthesized predominantly cartilage-typic proteoglycans,
      i.e., large aggregate forming molecules containing chondroitin sulfate. Monomers
      and aggregates showed a size maximum at 2-8 weeks. The degree of sulfation of the
      chondroitin sulfate and the proportion of 6-sulfate increased with age. These
      findings support the concept of "age programs" for the biosynthesis and turnover
      of different matrix macromolecules.

PMID- 6825961
TI  - Patterns of protein synthesis and metabolism during sea urchin embryogenesis.
AB  - We have analyzed the patterns of protein synthesis in developing embryos of the
      sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
      There was an increase in the number of proteins detectably synthesized during
      development, as well as significant changes in relative rates of synthesis
      involving approximately 20% of the nearly 900 newly synthesized polypeptides. The
      majority of these changes were increases rather than decreases in synthesis;
      about half were of at least 10-fold, while a few were of more than 100-fold. Very
      few changes were detected upon fertilization and during the first several hours
      of development, while about 60% of the changes detected occurred between the
      hatching and the beginning of invagination. An analysis of proteins detected by
      silver staining indicated that most remained nearly constant in mass during
      embryonic development, but several increased or declined substantially. Many
      proteins present in eggs were not detectably synthesized in either eggs or
      embryos.

PMID- 6825962
TI  - Embryogenesis of peripheral nerve pathways in grasshopper legs. I. The initial
      nerve pathway to the CNS.
AB  - The founding of the first nerve path of the grasshopper metathoracic leg was
      examined at the level of identified neurons, using intracellular dye fills,
      immunohistochemistry, Nomarski optics, and scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. The embryonic nerve is established by the axonal trajectory of a pair
      of afferent pioneer neurons, the tibial 1 (Ti1) cells. Following a period of
      profuse filopodial sprouting, the Ti1 axonal growth cones, possessing 75- to 100
      microns-long filopodia, navigate a stereotyped path across the limb bud
      epithelium to the base of the appendage and into the CNS. The Ti1 axons grow from
      cell to cell along a chain of preaxonogenesis neurons spaced at intervals along
      the pathway, forming dye-passing junctions with them. The contacted neurons
      subsequently undergo axonogenesis and follow the pioneer axons into the CNS.
      Later arising neurons project their axons onto the cell bodies of the chain,
      thereby establishing the principal branch points of the nerve. Among the later
      arising afferents are the sensory neurons of the femoral chordotonal and
      subgenual organs. The morphology of the adult nerve appears to be determined by
      the stereotyped positioning of neurons in the differentiating limb bud and by the
      resultant axonal trajectories established during the first 10% of peripheral
      neurogenesis.

PMID- 6825963
TI  - "Conservations" with a chimpanzee.
AB  - Two chimpanzees (Pan tryglodytes), Fanny and Jane, were presented with liquid and
      number conservation problems. One chimpanzee, Jane, was successful in solving
      both sets of problems in that she was not distracted by irrelevant
      transformations, being influenced only by changes in quantity. Her success
      appeared to be based on the ability to make inferences rather than on simple
      perceptual judgement of the final comparison. The results are compared and
      contrasted with those of Premack, in G. Woodruff, D. Premack, and K. Kennel
      [(1978). Conservation of liquid and solid quantity by the chimpanzee. Science,
      202:99-994] and J. Mehler and T. G. Bever [(1967). Cognitive capacity of very
      young children. Science, 158:141-142; (1968). Quantification, conservation and
      nativism. Science, 162:979-981], and it is suggested that there may be a
      similarity of conservation development between chimpanzees and man.

PMID- 6825964
TI  - Chicken muscular dystrophy: an inherited disorder of flight.
AB  - Dystrophic (University of California, Davis, line 413) and normal control (Davis,
      1. 412) chicks (Gallus domesticus) between 7 and 49 days old were tested for
      flight-related pathology and righting ability. Drop-evoked lateral flight
      developed in control chicks between 7 and 13 days. Dystrophic chicks never
      developed lateral flight. Both dystrophic and control chicks showed drop-evoked
      wing-flapping on the day of hatching. Also, dystrophic chicks had a normal but
      slightly higher drop-evoked flapping rate than controls at 13 days. Thus, the
      neural circuits that initiated and generated the rate of drop-evoked wing
      flapping, present in dystrophic chicks at birth, were intact at 13 days, when
      deficiencies in lateral flight and righting ability were already present. The
      righting behavior of control chicks was superior to that of dystrophic chicks at
      all ages from 7 to 49 days.

PMID- 6825965
TI  - Shifting patterns of bilateral coordination and lateral dominance in the leg
      movements of young infants.
AB  - Patterns of interlimb coordination and lateral preference of spontaneous leg
      kicks were described for 8 normal human infants observed biweekly from 2 to 26
      weeks of age. Newborn infants showed a high percentage of alternating movements,
      which were often supplanted by unilateral movements between 1 and 4 months.
      Simultaneous (in-phase) kicks matured later than alternating kicks. No consistent
      lateral preferences were detected. The developmental course was marked by
      variability and discontinuities within each infant. We propose that asynchronous
      and asymmetrical maturation of subcortical tracts and/or muscle strength could
      account for these behavioral shifts.

PMID- 6825967
TI  - Job dissatisfaction spurs nursing shortage.

PMID- 6825966
TI  - Somatomedin inhibitors in serum and liver of growth hormone-deficient diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Diabetes of moderate severity was induced with streptozotocin in growth hormone
      (and therefore somatomedin)-deficient rats. Somatomedin inhibitors were
      identified in the serum and liver perfusate of these animals, as shown by the
      ability of samples to blunt basal cartilage sulfation and cartilage stimulation
      by added normal serum. The data suggest that the induction of somatomedin
      inhibitors is under the influence of insulin and nutrition rather than growth
      hormone, indicating that their regulation may differ from that of growth
      promoting somatomedins. With this model, it is possible to obtain preparations
      that are relatively free of somatomedins in which to study the properties of
      somatomedin inhibitors.

PMID- 6825968
TI  - Scheduling a mix of shifts in a nursing unit.

PMID- 6825969
TI  - Staff performance: a three-part appraisal.

PMID- 6825971
TI  - Computerized information systems: can hospitals avoid them?

PMID- 6825970
TI  - Royal Vic program limits guesswork for head nurses.

PMID- 6825972
TI  - Dynamics of staff motivation: theories examined.

PMID- 6825973
TI  - Future nursing directors to tread new ground.

PMID- 6825974
TI  - Key to quality care--standards for social work practice.

PMID- 6825975
TI  - Off-duty employee misconduct: how should it be handled?

PMID- 6825977
TI  - Free and lipid inositol, sorbitol and sugars in sciatic nerve obtained post
      mortem from diabetic patients and control subjects.
AB  - Sciatic nerves removed post-mortem from diabetic patients and normal subjects
      were analysed by gas chromatography for glucose, fructose, sorbitol and myo
      inositol. The concentrations of free and lipid inositol were significantly lower
      in nerves from the diabetic than from the control group. Concentrations of
      glucose, fructose and sorbitol were higher in the nerves of the diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 6825976
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy and arterial hypertension.
AB  - The relationship between arterial blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy was
      examined in 61 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (22 females and 39
      males). All patients fulfilled the following criteria: persistent proteinuria
      (greater than 0.5 g/day), onset of diabetes before 31 years of age, age less than
      42 years, serum creatinine less than 130 mumol/l, and no antihypertensive
      treatment. Thirty Type 1 diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria but
      matched for sex, age, ideal body weight and duration of diabetes, and 30 healthy
      subjects matched for sex, age and ideal body weight were also studied as
      controls. The diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria had elevated blood
      pressures (146/96 +/- 17/10 mmHg, mean +/- SD) compared with 123/75 +/- 11/8 mmHg
      in diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria, and normal subjects (120/77
      +/- 6/6 mmHg; p less than 0.001 for each). Diastolic blood pressure greater than
      or equal to 95 mmHg was found in 51% of the group with persistent proteinuria.
      Elevated arterial blood pressure is frequently present in young Type 1 diabetic
      patients with diabetic nephropathy and normal serum creatinine.

PMID- 6825978
TI  - Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor secretion during biguanide
      therapy.
AB  - In a survey of 46 randomly selected diabetic patients on biguanide therapy, 30%
      had malabsorption of vitamin B12. Withdrawal of the drug resulted in normal
      absorption in only half of those with malabsorption. In most patients with
      persistent malabsorption, the results of absorption tests with exogenous
      intrinsic factor suggested the diagnosis of coincidental intrinsic factor
      deficiency. Further considerations, however, led to the concept that biguanides
      can induce malabsorption by two different mechanisms. One of these is temporary
      and unrelated to intrinsic factor secretion and the other is permanent and
      mediated by depression of intrinsic factor secretion.

PMID- 6825979
TI  - Rapid, accurate colorimetric assay of non-enzymatically glycosylated serum
      proteins.

PMID- 6825980
TI  - Alcoholic foamy degeneration--a pattern of acute alcoholic injury of the liver.
AB  - A newly recognized clinical and morphologic pattern of acute alcoholic liver
      disease is described. Twenty-one patients, having the hepatic morphologic
      features of alcoholic foamy degeneration, were retrospectively analyzed. All
      patients had a significant history of chronic alcoholism. Jaundice and
      hepatomegaly were usually present. Hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, bleeding
      esophageal varices, or functional renal failure occurred in less than 10%.
      Usually this was the first episode of decompensation. Laboratory studies revealed
      a pattern of very transiently marked elevation of serum aminotransferase and more
      prolonged elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity and bilirubin levels. In the
      majority of cases, leukocytosis was absent, and serum cholesterol was elevated.
      The laboratory profile differed significantly from that of acute sclerosing
      hyaline necrosis. Serologic markers of acute viral hepatitis A and B were absent.
      Needle biopsy specimens of the liver revealed intact lobular architecture except
      for 1 case of cirrhosis. The perivenular hepatocytes revealed foamy fatty change
      characterized by striking cell swelling with massive accumulation of
      microvesicular fat, bile pigment deposition in the cytoplasm, and no displacement
      of the nucleus to the periphery of the cell. Megamitochondria were frequently
      identified. Multiple foci of hepatocyte dropout without significant parenchymal
      neutrophilic exudation and delicate intrasinusoidal collagen fibers were present
      in the perivenular area. Macrovesicular fatty change coexisted to a variable
      degree. The affected hepatocytes had extensive disorganization of the organelles
      by electron microscopy and decreased or absent functional activity by enzyme
      histochemical staining. These changes appear to be a purely degenerative process
      without inflammatory reaction. All patients in the present series showed a rapid
      recovery upon abstaining from alcohol.

PMID- 6825981
TI  - Characterization and quantitation of human hepatic estrogen receptor.
AB  - Because the liver is an estrogen-sensitive organ and such sensitivity
      necessitates the presence of an hepatic estrogen receptor, we assayed whole human
      liver cytosol for the presence of estrogen receptor. Scatchard plot analysis of
      specific [3H]diethylstilbestrol binding to whole human liver cytosol from both
      sexes demonstrated hormone binding that is of high affinity (Kd = 10(-10)M) and
      low capacity (1-10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), and that is saturable and specific
      for steroidal and nonsteroidal estrogens, but not for other steroids. The protein
      can be further characterized as an estrogen receptor by its binding to heparin
      Sepharose. In addition, gel filtration chromatography of [3H]estrogen-labeled
      cytosol on Sephadex G-100 indicates that potentially contaminating proteins, such
      as albumin and sex-steroid-binding globulin, do not bind [3H]estrogen in whole
      cytosol. We conclude that human liver from both sexes has estrogen receptor and
      that the presence of estrogen receptor in human liver explains the sensitivity of
      the human liver to estrogen.

PMID- 6825982
TI  - Interaction of hemolytic anemia and genotype on hemolysis-induced gallstone
      formation in mice.
AB  - We previously reported that nb/nb mice with hereditary hemolytic anemia
      spontaneously developed calcium bilirubinate pigment gallstones. To assess the
      extent to which gallstone formation and bile composition is gene dependent, we
      transferred the hemolytic process by transplanting bone marrow from nb/nb mice
      into a nonhemolytic, but histocompatible genotype, W/Wv mice. Hematologic
      parameters of transplanted W/Wv mice were nearly identical to those of nb/nb
      mice. Like nb/nb mice, the percentage of transplanted mice with gallstones
      increased with the duration of the hemolysis and occurred twice as often in
      female mice as in male mice (37% vs. 19%; p less than 0.05). However, the rate of
      gallstone formation in transplanted mice was one-third less than that in nb/nb
      mice (3.6% per month vs. 5.5%; p less than 0.05). Analysis of hepatic bile
      revealed that (a) marrow-transplanted mice had higher concentrations of
      unconjugated bilirubin due to hemolysis (p less than 0.05) and of total bile
      acids determined by the W/Wv genotype (p less than 0.001) than their respective
      nb/nb counterparts and (b) transplanted mice with stones had a significantly
      lower proportion of cholic acid (p less than 0.005) and higher proportion of keto
      bile acids (p less than 0.005) than transplanted mice without stones, suggesting
      that the cholic acid concentration may retard stone formation. These data
      indicate that the hemolytic process is the primary determinant of pigment
      gallstone formation in these mice and is influenced by the following factors: (a)
      duration of the hemolytic process, (b) gender, and (c) the genotype that
      regulates the composition of biliary components like bile acids.

PMID- 6825983
TI  - Effects of small bowel transection, resection, or bypass in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      induced rat intestinal neoplasia.
AB  - The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of rat small and large
      bowel tumors induced by sequential administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      followed by either small bowel resection, 50% jejunoileal resection, or 50%
      jejunoileal bypass were examined in addition to measurements of transit times and
      beta-glucuronidase activities in large bowel contents. The results indicate that
      even limited small bowel resection or bypass promotes intestinal neoplasia,
      particularly in the large bowel, and this effect seems independent of the chronic
      injury imposed by suture lines. Although no differences in transit times were
      observed, increased beta-glucuronidase activities in both cecum and distal colon
      of resected but not bypassed rats was detected. Moreover, an apparent subsite
      redistribution of small bowel tumors to ileum and large bowel tumors to more
      proximal colon in bypassed rats suggests that the mechanisms involved for tumor
      enhancement differ substantially from those in resected rats.

PMID- 6825984
TI  - Colonic electromyography in chronic constipation.
AB  - Myoelectric activity of the sigmoid has been studied in 12 patients with chronic
      nonorganic constipation and 10 control subjects. All patients showed total
      gastrointestinal transit time longer than 96 h, with left-colonic or rectocolonic
      slowed transit. Electrical and mechanical activity was recorded by means of an
      intraluminal probe with bipolar suction electrodes and open-ended tips. Two
      groups of frequencies of slow waves, a slower rhythm at approximately 3
      cycles/min and a faster rhythm at approximately 6 cycles/min were recorded in
      patients and control subjects. The mean frequency of the slower rhythm was
      significantly (p less than 0.005) higher in patients with constipation than in
      control subjects, whereas the frequency of the faster rhythm and the incidence of
      both rhythms were similar in the two groups. Mechanical activity showed no
      difference in terms of motility index and percentage of activity between patients
      and control subjects. Results of the study indicate that patients with left
      colonic constipation show an increase in frequency of the slower colonic rhythm
      in the very segment in which slowing down of transit occurs. It is suggested that
      the higher slow-wave activity in the sigmoid induces an increase in segmenting
      contractions and therefore may be responsible for the slowing down of intestinal
      transit.

PMID- 6825985
TI  - Esophageal and gastric motor abnormalities in gastroesophageal reflux during
      infancy.
AB  - Thirty-four infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were evaluated by
      esophageal manometry, pH probe, and gastric emptying studies. Infants with
      failure to thrive (group A) and recurrent pulmonary disease (group B) had more
      severe reflux by pH probe (41.6% and 36.3% reflux time postprandially,
      respectively) than the group of infants without serious sequellae of
      gastroesophageal reflux (group C), who had 19.0% reflux time postprandially, p
      less than 0.01. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure did not vary significantly
      between infants with severe reflux and milder disease. Groups A and B had
      significantly decreased peristaltic amplitude in the distal body of the esophagus
      (28.3 +/- 4.8 and 23.2 +/- 5.5 mmHg, respectively) when compared to group C (50.2
      +/- 3.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01); in addition to a significantly increased number
      of nonperistaltic sequences. Gastric emptying of isotope-labeled cow's milk
      formula after 1 h was 20.9% and 22.8% in groups A and B, respectively;
      significantly delayed compared to 40.6% of the meal emptied in group C infants.
      Gastric retention was significantly correlated with impaired distal esophageal
      peristaltic amplitude (r = 0.68) and increased postprandial pH documented reflux
      (r = 0.60). Our results provide evidence for the diffuse nature of the upper
      gastrointestinal motility disorder present in severe gastroesophageal reflux of
      infancy.

PMID- 6825986
TI  - Gastric emptying and obesity.
AB  - Abnormal gastric emptying in the obese has been previously suggested. To explore
      this concept, we studied a group of 77 subjects composed of 46 obese and 31 age-,
      sex-, and race-matched nonobese individuals. All of the subjects underwent
      quantitative fluid/solid gastric emptying assays utilizing a dual radionuclide
      technique. For the solid phase, obese subjects were found to have a more rapid
      emptying rate than nonobese subjects (p less than 0.05). Obese men were found to
      empty much more rapidly than their nonobese counterparts (p less than 0.01). In 4
      obese subjects whose weight loss was to within 10% of their ideal weight, repeat
      gastric emptying studies revealed no change in liquid or solid emptying rates.
      The elimination patterns of gastric emptying for liquids and solids were
      identical to those described previously, and did not differ between the obese and
      nonobese groups. No correlation between body surface area and gastric emptying
      rates of solids or liquids could be found. The rate of solid gastric emptying in
      the obese subjects is abnormally rapid. No clear-cut explanation for this finding
      yet exists.

PMID- 6825987
TI  - An unusually high incidence of gastrointestinal obstruction by persimmon bezoars
      in Israeli patients after ulcer surgery.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients presented with gastrointestinal obstruction due to
      phytobezoars during a 5-mo period. Most of the patients (88.3%) had a history of
      persimmon ingestion, and all had previous surgery for ulcer disease. Seventy-one
      patients were treated surgically; 67 because of intestinal obstruction and 4 for
      extraction of gastric phytobezoars. Five patients were reoperated once and 1
      patient twice because of retained phytobezoars. Six patients were treated
      conservatively. Seventy-five patients recovered after surgical or conservative
      therapy, and 2 patients died. Patients who have undergone gastric surgery should
      be warned about the risk of persimmon ingestion.

PMID- 6825988
TI  - Motor responses to food of the ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon of healthy
      humans.
AB  - Intraluminal pressures and motility indexes were recorded from ileum, ascending
      colon, rectosigmoid colon, and rectum of 6 healthy men. Three different test
      meals were eaten at 5-hour intervals. During fasting, migrating motor complexes
      were identified in the ileum. In ascending colon, irregular, isolated peaks of
      pressure were common; when bursts of continuous activity occurred, their
      predominant frequency was 6/min. Regular contractile activity occurred in distal
      colon at a frequency of 2.5-3.5/min. although 3 subjects also demonstrated rates
      of 7/min. There were both synchronous and independent contractions of the
      rectosigmoid and rectum, and no temporal relationship was obvious between motor
      activities of ascending and distal colons. When the preprandial hour contained no
      migrating motor complex, all meals increased the ileal motility index by 50%. The
      motility index of ascending and rectosigmoid colons were enhanced by solid meals,
      but not by meals containing amino acids. We conclude that motor patterns in the
      colon vary regionally, both fasting and after food. Results obtained at one site
      of the large intestine should not be extrapolated to others.

PMID- 6825989
TI  - Radionuclide esophageal emptying of a solid meal to quantitate results of therapy
      in achalasia.
AB  - In this study we evaluated esophageal emptying using an isotope-labeled solid
      meal (an egg salad sandwich labeled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid) and compared it
      with lower esophageal sphincter pressure and a graded symptom score in the
      assessment of treatment in achalasia. Twenty-nine achalasic patients had lower
      esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal emptying measured before treatment.
      Emptying at 5 min in the achalasic patients was significantly delayed, compared
      with normals (p less than 0.001), but did not correlate with resting lower
      esophageal sphincter pressure. After treatment lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure fell by 63% (p less than 0.01). A similar improvement was observed in
      esophageal emptying at 5 min after both pneumatic dilatation (63%, p less than
      0.01) and surgery (70%, p less than 0.05). Percentage change in lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure and percentage change in esophageal emptying were
      significantly correlated (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). There was also a
      significant correlation between symptom score and percentage change in both
      esophageal emptying (r = 0.70, p less than 0.05) and LES pressure (r = 0.77, p
      less than 0.05). Radionuclide measurement of esophageal emptying using a solid
      meal is a simple, noninvasive, and physiologic test of esophageal function. In
      achalasia, changes in emptying after treatment generally reflect the patient's
      clinical status and correlate with changes in lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure. The results suggest that radionuclide esophageal emptying of a solid
      meal may be a practical alternative to esophageal manometry in the assessment of
      treatment and may have an important future role as an objective parameter in
      comparing new treatment modalities.

PMID- 6825990
TI  - Anatomical extent of fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy.
AB  - The anatomical extent of fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy was determined by placing a
      clip on the colonic mucosa and subsequently locating the clip on barium enema. A
      60 cm exam viewed the entire sigmoid colon in 81% of patients. Exams of 50-55 cm,
      40-45 cm, and 30-35 cm extent viewed the entire sigmoid colon in 68%, 27%, and
      13%, respectively. The 50-55 cm and 60 cm exams collectively viewed 90% and 95%
      of the sigmoid colon surface, respectively. The 30-35 cm and 40-45 cm exams
      collectively viewed 53% and 70% of the sigmoid colon surface respectively. The
      anatomical extent of fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy clearly exceeds that of rigid
      sigmoidoscopy. These data help to define the diagnostic potential of fiberoptic
      sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 6825991
TI  - Impaired acid secretion and pancreatic polypeptide release in some patients with
      achalasia.
AB  - Achalasia is characterized by an intrinsic denervation of the esophagus. It is
      not known whether this process extends to other parts of the gastrointestinal
      tract. By means of the modified sham feeding test, we studied the innervation of
      the stomach and the pancreas in 13 patients with achalasia. We compared the
      results with those from a group of 15 healthy controls and a group of 10
      vagotomized patients. We saw two patterns of response in the achalasia group: 6
      patients secreted acid and released pancreatic polypeptide, as did the controls.
      The other 7 patients neither secreted acid nor released pancreatic polypeptide
      after modified sham feeding, as did the vagotomized patients. We conclude that
      some patients with achalasia have denervation of the stomach and pancreas, as
      assessed by the modified sham feeding test. These differences are unrelated to
      age, sex, and duration and severity of the disease or treatment. Interestingly,
      all patients who responded normally developed reflux esophagitis after
      dilatation. Besides being an interesting pathophysiologic observation, the
      response to modified sham feeding can help identify those patients at greater
      risk of developing reflux esophagitis after esophageal dilatation.

PMID- 6825992
TI  - Enteric mechanisms of initiation of migrating myoelectric complexes in dogs.
AB  - The enteric mechanisms governing initiation of migrating myoelectric complexes
      were studied in 6 conscious dogs, each implanted with a set of 12 bipolar
      electrodes on the small intestine. The small intestine was transected and
      reanastomosed at three sites to give four isolated segments of equal length. Each
      segment had three implanted electrodes. All four isolated segments generated
      migrating myoelectric complexes which were, initially, totally independent of
      each other in time. The most proximal segment had the longest mean migrating
      myoelectric complex time period (106.2 +/- 10.1 SEM min) and the second segment
      had the shortest mean migrating myoelectric complex time period (66.8 +/- 6.7 SEM
      min). Distal to the second segment, the mean migrating myoelectric complex time
      period increased progressively (83.1 +/- 11.2 SEM min and 95.8 +/- 7.6 SEM min,
      respectively). Isolation of the small intestine into segments did not
      significantly change migrating myoelectric complex propagation characteristics
      such as velocity and direction of propagation within each segment. The mean
      duration of phase 3 activity was not affected in the first segment but increased
      significantly in the distal three segments (p less than 0.05). The propagation of
      migrating myoelectric complexes across the sites of transection and reanastomosis
      started recovering 45-60 days after surgery and recovered fully by 98-108 days.
      The study findings show that enteric mechanisms control the initiation of
      migrating myoelectric complexes. Each small segment of the small intestine is
      capable of initiating migrating myoelectric complexes of its own and behaves as a
      relaxation oscillator. In the intact small intestine, regional migrating
      myoelectric complex oscillators are coupled by the intrinsic neurons so that the
      proximal oscillators drive the distal oscillators. Recovery of migrating
      myoelectric complex propagation across sites of transection and reanastomosis
      suggest that intrinsic nerves regenerate after transection.

PMID- 6825993
TI  - Diet for patients with a short bowel: high fat or high carbohydrate?
AB  - Eight patients with a short bowel resulting from intestinal resection and
      clinically stable for at least 6 mo were studied on two diets. Each diet was
      given for 5 days at a time and crossed over with the other. Both diets contained
      20% of total calories as protein. The high-fat diet had 60% of calories as fat
      and 20% as carbohydrate. This ratio was reversed in the high-carbohydrate diet.
      Both diets were lactose free with low fiber. Fluid intake was kept constant. The
      results showed that there was no difference in the blood chemistry, stool, or
      ostomy volume, the zinc, calcium, and magnesium balances, urine volume, and
      electrolyte excretion between patients on the two diets. Bomb calorimetry showed
      that the total calories absorbed and excreted were comparable between the two
      diets. It was concluded that low-fat diets had no special benefit in the overall
      nutrition of the patient who has been in remission in regard to bowel disease for
      6 mo or longer. Hence, dietary restriction is not recommended in these patients.
      However, this study did not resolve the question of the requirements and losses
      of fat-soluble vitamins in such patients when on a high-fat diet.

PMID- 6825994
TI  - Pachydermoperiostosis, hypertrophic gastropathy, and peptic ulcer.
AB  - Two brothers with pachydermoperiostosis, an autosomal dominant syndrome
      characterized by digital clubbing, periosteal new bone formation, coarse facial
      features with thick, furrowed, and oily skin, presented in their twenties with
      severe complicated duodenal ulcer disease requiring multiple operations. Their
      father and one paternal uncle also had pachydermoperiostosis and a past history
      of ulcer dyspepsia. The mother, one sister, two maternal aunts, and one other
      paternal uncle were healthy. Both brothers had giant hypertrophic gastritis
      (Menetrier's disease). Their pentagastrin-stimulated acid output and fasting and
      meal-stimulated serum gastrin levels were normal, but their serum pepsinogen I
      and II levels were markedly elevated. The father had hypochlorhydria and a low
      serum pepsinogen I/II ratio, suggesting atrophic gastritis. This family study
      raises the possibility that pachydermoperiostosis, hypertrophic gastropathy, and
      peptic ulcer may be genetically related.

PMID- 6825995
TI  - Postprandial hypoglycemia after Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis.
AB  - The motility of the stomach is modulated by the complex interplay of muscular,
      humoral, and neuronal factors. Rapid gastric emptying has been described after
      gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, vagotomy with pyloroplasty, and with active
      peptic ulcer disease. Rapid emptying may result in "dumping" syndrome and in
      postprandial hypoglycemia. We report a patient who developed postprandial
      hypoglycemia after a Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis. This is the
      first report of this complication after this surgical procedure. The hypoglycemia
      was secondary to a combination of rapid gastric emptying, rapid absorption of
      glucose causing hyperglycemia, and excessive insulin secretion. This syndrome
      should be considered in patients who develop hypoglycemic symptoms after
      fundoplication. Treatment with a low carbohydrate diet and anticholinergic agents
      may offer symptomatic relief.

PMID- 6825996
TI  - Does intercurrent hepatitis have a beneficial effect on the course of Crohn's
      disease?
AB  - Four patients who developed acute viral hepatitis in the course of active Crohn's
      disease are reported upon. Three of these patients (1 with hepatitis A and 2 with
      hepatitis B) had a very striking and unusual clinical remission or apparent
      healing on regression of the hepatitis. These observations suggest that
      intercurrent hepatitis may have a beneficial effect on the course of active
      Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6825997
TI  - Mechanisms of disturbed renal water excretion in cirrhosis.

PMID- 6825999
TI  - Obesity and gastric emptying.

PMID- 6826000
TI  - Interdigestive changes in gallbladder bile.

PMID- 6825998
TI  - Short bowel syndrome: high-fat versus high-carbohydrate diet.

PMID- 6826001
TI  - Liver and bone marrow granulomas in Q fever.

PMID- 6826002
TI  - Left-sided stenosing lesions in colonoscopy.
AB  - Of 2625 consecutive colonoscopic examinations, 122 stenotic lesions interfered
      with endoscopy. The sigmoid was the most frequent site of stenosis (64%). Of the
      two types of endoscopic patterns, type A, in which there is an intraluminal
      protruding mass, is the most frequent, and type B, in which a segment of colon
      gradually narrows, has intact mucosa. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent cause
      of type A (83%), and complications related to diverticular disease (32%) and
      adenocarcinoma (27%) were most often associated with type B. Colonoscopy, guided
      multiple biopsies, and brushing cytology gave high diagnostic accuracy for type A
      lesions. In type B cases, brushings were usually negative.

PMID- 6826003
TI  - Chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric mucosal atrophy--one and the same.
AB  - The differentiation between gastric mucosal atrophy and atrophic gastritis is
      studied by quantitatively evaluating inflammatory cell component in cases with
      pernicious anemia and chronic atrophic gastritis without anemia. Comparison of
      data from patients with fundic gastritis without anemia and in patients with
      pernicious anemia failed to reveal any significant difference in the inflammatory
      cell count in the epithelial layers or in the lamina propria.

PMID- 6826004
TI  - Endoscopic incision of postoperative stenoses in the upper gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - Membrane-like upper gastrointestinal stenoses, such as may occur after surgery,
      can be treated by making radial diathermy incisions, producing an increased
      caliber and a smooth, supple wall at the site of the stenosis. This method has
      been used in six patients with stenoses after various operations on the upper
      gastrointestinal tract, including two esophageal and two gastric anastomoses, one
      gastroplasty, and one pyloric stenosis. The result was favorable in all cases
      except the pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 6826005
TI  - Campylobacter colitis: unique colonoscopic findings mimicking carcinoma of the
      transverse colon.

PMID- 6826006
TI  - Gastric biopsy: a comparison of biopsy forceps.

PMID- 6826007
TI  - Small intestinal capsule biopsy under endoscopic guidance.

PMID- 6826008
TI  - Instrumentation evaluation: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and
      endoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 6826009
TI  - Pediatric enteroscopy with a sonde-type small intestinal fiberscope (SSIF-type
      VI).

PMID- 6826010
TI  - A selection of photographs from the 1982 A/S/G/E "learning corner".

PMID- 6826011
TI  - A large investment for small intestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 6826012
TI  - Emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy for active variceal hemorrhage: is it superior
      to balloon tamponade?

PMID- 6826013
TI  - Polypectomy sparking.

PMID- 6826014
TI  - A new complication of endoscopic papillotomy.

PMID- 6826015
TI  - Endoscopic correction of chronic gastric volvulus.

PMID- 6826016
TI  - Removal of multiple foreign objects from the stomach.

PMID- 6826017
TI  - Laser treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.

PMID- 6826018
TI  - First International Symposium on Pharmacology of Human Blood Vessels. Kuwait
      University, 16-18 January 1982.

PMID- 6826019
TI  - Effect of Ca-antagonists on the contraction of cerebral and peripheral arteries
      produced by electrical and mechanical stimuli.

PMID- 6826020
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on isolated human pulmonary vessels.
AB  - The effects of the Ca-blocker nifedipine on the contractile response to K and NA
      in isolated human pulmonary vessels were studied. Specimens of macroscopically
      normal pulmonary vessels, obtained from patients undergoing surgery for
      lungtumours were carefully dissected and cut into rings. The results suggest that
      nifedipine, by blocking the entry of extracellular calcium, inhibits K-induced
      contractions in isolated pulmonary vessels. The effect is more pronounced on K
      than on NA-induced response in both the pulmonary arteries and veins.

PMID- 6826021
TI  - Effects of pindolol on vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Pindolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent with relatively
      marked intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Stimulant effects in isolated,
      perfused mesenteric vessels (beta 2) equal those of isoprenaline. Effects on
      guinea-pig atria (beta 1) are negligible and those on guinea-pig trachea (beta 1
      and beta 2) and cat atria (beta 1 and beta 2) are equivalent to 40-50% of the
      maximum effects of isoprenaline. It is concluded that the intrinsic
      sympathomimetic activity of pindolol is exerted principally on the beta 2
      adrenoceptor. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of pindolol is largely
      confined to the (-)enantiomer, whereas its stimulant effects are shared equally
      by the (+) and (-)enantiomers. Removal of the side chain hydroxyl group of
      pindolol does not diminish stimulant activity, but abolishes blocking activity.
      Pindolol-induced stimulation and blockade of beta-adrenoceptors may be brought
      about by different configurations of the molecule. Vasodilator effects observed
      in vitro and in vivo suggest that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation may make an
      important contribution to the antihypertensive effect of pindolol in man.

PMID- 6826022
TI  - Differential effects of hydralazine on the biphasic responses of helical strips
      from rat tail arteries.

PMID- 6826023
TI  - Vascular effects of glucocorticosteroids, with special reference to budesonide.
AB  - The effect of glucocorticosteroids was tested on in vitro responses of tension
      developed by strips of umbilical blood vessels. 1. Hydrocortisone,
      methylprednisolone and dexametasone in concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-3) mainly
      inhibited spontaneous tone. Hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone induced a
      biphasic response with an initial small contraction followed by a more long
      lasting relaxation. 2. Budesonide, a novel powerful, non-halogenated steroid only
      induced a long lasting contraction. 3. The relaxation with hydrocortisone was of
      the same magnitude as after indomethacine, therefore, this response may be due to
      inhibition of prostaglandin-synthesis. 4. There was no leftward shift of the dose
      response curve to catecholamine stimulation but rather a slightly higher maximal
      response. There is no clear evidence of a uptake-2 blockade in our preparation.

PMID- 6826024
TI  - Vascular responses elicited by venom of Arabian catfish (Arius thallasinus).
AB  - The Arabian catfish produces venoms from the skin (SV) and glands near the
      pectoral spines (GV). 1. The venoms have a high protein concentration, only
      limited amounts of lipid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid. Enzyme activities
      included alkaline phosphatase and esterases. Both SV and GV induce hemolysis. 2.
      SV and GV induced a dose-dependent smooth muscle contraction of human umbilical
      artery preparations. This response was competitively inhibited by atropine,
      suggesting a cholinergic response. 3. Heat treatment of GV did not decrease
      activity, while heating SV reduced it. 4. In-vivo experiments showed mainly a
      depressor response in rat and guinea-pig.

PMID- 6826025
TI  - Differences between human intra- and extracranial arteries in their reactivity to
      vasoactive agents.

PMID- 6826026
TI  - Renal vascular effects of angiotensin II, arginine-vasopressin and bradykinin in
      rats: interactions with prostaglandins.
AB  - 1. The renal vascular responses to the peptide hormones angiotensin II (ANG II),
      arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and bradykinin (BK) were studied in anaesthetized rats
      with flow-meter techniques. The contribution of prostaglandins (PG) to their
      renal vascular effects was assessed with the aid of the PG-synthesis inhibitor
      indomethacin. 2. ANG II and AVP induced a dose-dependent increase in renal
      vascular resistance (RVR). The renal vasoconstrictor effects of both peptides
      were significantly augmented in rats pretreated with indomethacin. Indomethacin
      alone induced an increase in RVR, but not in mesenteric vascular resistance
      (MVR). 3. BK in low doses (1 micrograms/kg . min) tended to decrease RVR but
      increased RVR in high doses (20 micrograms/kg . min). MVR was reduced after all
      doses. The renal vasoconstrictor effect of BK was not affected by the ANG II
      antagonist saralasin but almost completely blocked by indomethacin. 4. These
      results suggest that in the rat, as in other animal species and in man, renal
      PG's attenuate the renal effects of vasoconstrictor hormones such as ANG II and
      AVP. Although it has no such effect in other species. BK in high doses induces
      renal vasoconstriction in the rat, which appears also to be mediated by PG's.
      This response might be peculiar to the rat, since PG's act as renal vasodilators
      in other species.

PMID- 6826027
TI  - Hypoxic and embolic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
AB  - In-vitro studies of helically-cut segmental pulmonary artery strips from 43
      patients undergoing thoracic surgery were performed. Cumulative dose-response
      contraction curves were elicited, mean maximum contraction was significantly
      greater from histamine (Hist) than from prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha),
      serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin II (A II) or noradrenaline (NA). Hist and PGF2
      alpha showed significantly lower values for ED50 than NA, 5-HT and A II. Anoxia
      did not constrict the isolated arteries.

PMID- 6826028
TI  - Vascular reactivity of normotensive and hypertensive human arteries.

PMID- 6826029
TI  - On the influence of amezinium on various vascular regions of the dog.

PMID- 6826031
TI  - A functional abnormality of the forearm resistance vessels in men with primary
      hypertension.

PMID- 6826030
TI  - Late cerebral arterial spasm: the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia,
      induced hypertension and the effect of nimodipine on blood flow autoregulation in
      experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates.
AB  - 1. Late cerebral arterial spasm was induced by repeated injections of autologous
      blood in a total amount of 14-33 ml into the basal cisterns of baboons to mimick
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), sagittal sinus
      pressure, cerebral arterial caliber from angiograms, and cerebral metabolic rate
      of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured before and after the experimental SAH to
      determine responses to hypercapnia and induced hypertension. The effect of the
      calcium antagonist, Nimodipine, on CBF autoregulation pre- and post-SAH was
      tested. 2. One week after the blood injections were started there was about 10
      20% reduction, depending on territory measured, in the arterial diameter of the
      carotid and vertebral systems. This was associated with an 18% reduction in CBF
      and 9% decrease in the brain metabolism. 3. During hypercapnia before and after
      experimental SAH the flow increased with a mean of 3.7 and 1.8 ml, respectively,
      for each mm Hg elevation of PaCO2. In control animals, graded angiotensin-induced
      hypertension did not overtly affect CBF. Following SAH, the CBF autoregulation
      was impaired in 5 of 6 animals tested. 4. I.v. infusion of Nimodipine markedly
      curtailed the CBF autoregulation in pre-SAH animals and, to a somewhat slighter
      extent, also in post-SAH animals.

PMID- 6826032
TI  - Responses of the pulmonary artery to asthma-drugs.
AB  - 1. Asthma-drugs influence smooth muscle in both bronchi and lung vessels. Some
      vasodilation may be expected with isoprenaline and theophylline, whereas
      selective beta 2-stimulants seem to be without vascular effect. Isoprenaline
      relaxed to some extent 14 of 20 pulmonary artery strips after maximum contraction
      with carbacholine, acetylcholine and prostaglandin F2 alpha (Fig. 1b). Total
      reversibility occurred in only one specimen, the average relaxation of all
      specimens tested was 22 +/- 6%. 2. Eight of 10 specimens contracted with
      histamine, prostaglandin F2 alpha or serotonin were relaxed by theophylline (Fig.
      1b), average relaxation was 37 +/- 25%. No statistically significant difference
      existed between relaxation induced with isoprenaline or theophylline.

PMID- 6826033
TI  - Inhibition of the arteriolar smooth muscle NA+ -K+-pump induces an enhanced
      vasoconstriction in borderline but not in established essential hypertension.
AB  - 1. The dependency of arteriolar tone on the activity of the Na+ -K+-pump was
      studied in 17 normotensive (NT) males, aged 20-71 yr, without heredity for
      essential hypertension and 28 male patients with essential hypertension, aged 18
      63 yr, by measuring forearm blood flow response to intra-arterial infusion of the
      Na+-K+-pump inhibitor ouabain. 14 of the patients were classified as borderline
      essential hypertensives (BHT) and 14 as established essential hypertensives
      (EHT). 2. Ouabain in incremental dosages 0.4-16 micrograms/100 ml tissue induced
      a vasoconstrictive response in the forearm with a maximal effect to 8
      micrograms/100 ml tissue, which was not associated with an increase in regional
      noradrenaline release. 3. The vasoconstriction to ouabain 8 micrograms/100 ml was
      29.6 +/- 6.8% in NT (P less than 0.001); 51.9 +/- 8.4% in BHT (P less than 0.001)
      and 36.0 +/- 12.7% in EHT (P less than 0.05). This response was greater in BHT
      than in NT (P less than 0.05) but not different in NT and EHT and did not
      correlate with age either in NT or in BHT and EHT taken together. 4. Our findings
      suggest an increased activity of the arteriolar Na+ -K+-pump in the early phase
      of essential hypertension which may to some extent correct a raised intracellular
      Na+; the latter being the consequence of an increased passive permeability to
      Na+. The activity of the arteriolar Na+ -K+-pump appears to be decreased in the
      later as compared to the early phase of essential hypertension.

PMID- 6826034
TI  - Interaction between formed elements and the pulmonary endothelium.

PMID- 6826035
TI  - Disturbances of autonomic nervous function and peripheral circulation in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 6826037
TI  - New group of prostaglandin-like compounds in P. acnes.

PMID- 6826036
TI  - Pharmacological and hemodynamic studies on flunarizine.
AB  - Systemic administration of flunarizine (3 mg/kg i.v.) to rats decreased the
      vascular reactivity of their mesenteries to phenylephrine (PhE) and
      norepinephrine (NE). Intra-arterial perfusion of flunarizine (100 pg to 1
      microgram/ml) produced dose dependent attenuation of the vasoconstrictor
      responses induced by PhE and Ne in the isolated perfused rat mesentery.
      Flunarizine (5 mg/kg i.p.) did not significantly affect general hemodynamics
      (i.e. mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and hematocrits) in
      anaesthetized rats. However, it produced significant decreases in the blood flows
      to the kidneys and the spleen associated with similar changes in the percentage
      distribution of the cardiac output to these organs. These studies indicate that
      in rats, flunarizine produced preferential effects in different vascular beds.

PMID- 6826038
TI  - Analysis of vasospasm in hand arteries by in vitro pharmacology, hand angiography
      and finger plethysmography.
AB  - 1. The distribution of sympathetic nerves in hand arteries and veins from 18
      normal subjects was studied by microscopy according to the Falck-Hillarp
      histofluorescence method for the cellular visualization of cathecholamines and by
      quantitative analysis of noradrenaline with a radioenzymatic method. Segments of
      hand arteries and veins were tested in vitro for the vasomotor effect of
      sympathomimetic agonists. 2. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a plexus of
      noradrenaline-containing nerve fibres surrounding both arteries and veins. The
      concentration of noradrenaline in the walls were 4.5-4.7 ng/mg protein. The
      relative agonist potency was characteristic for alpha-receptors. Phentolamine
      produced parallel shift of the dose-response curves both for arteries and veins.
      3. Finger plethysmography with local cold provocation down to 10 degrees C was
      performed in the patients with traumatic vasospastic disease before and after
      inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by body warming and orally
      administered alcohol. Four patients had undisturbed circulation, as revealed by
      the ratio between the systolic blood pressure in the arm and in the finger in
      conjunction with cold provocation tests. 13 patients had vasospasm of varying
      degrees, and 3 patients suffered from organic stenosis. 4. Hand angiography was
      performed before and after local cold provocation. The patients with organic
      stenosis did not show vasodilatation after 4-6 mg phentolamine injection.
      Patients with true vasospasm responded, in addition, with efficient
      vasodilatation 15 min after reserpine injection, which also abolished the cold
      induced vasospasm.

PMID- 6826039
TI  - Vascular effects of hyperthermia on isolated blood vessels.
AB  - 1. The contractile response of isolated human umbilical and sheep renal arteries
      to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with increasing temperatures was investigated. 2.
      In the umbilical artery the threshold value was lowest at 30 degrees C and
      increased with increasing temperature, the maximal response being lower at
      temperatures above 30 degrees C. 3. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the
      umbilical artery were not augmented by warming above 37 degrees C. 4. The sheep
      renal artery exhibited an opposite response pattern: increasing temperature
      lowered the threshold and increased the maximal response. 5. Addition of
      indomethacin to the bathing fluid resulted in increased responsiveness of the
      umbilical arteries to 5-HT. With lower threshold, ED50 and higher maximal
      response.

PMID- 6826040
TI  - Vascular effects of potassium cardioplegic solutions.
AB  - Experiments have been performed on isolated human umbilical and sheep coronary
      arteries, studying the effects of increasing potassium concentration in steps
      from 10 to 160 mM. Comparative studies were also done on rat-heart papillary
      muscle preparations. The results revealed a dose-dependent increase in smooth
      muscle tone of the blood vessels. Maximal contraction was reached at 80 mM K+.
      Papillary-muscle preparations showed a dose-dependent decrease in contractile
      activity. Complete stoppage of contractile activity was observed at 30 mM K+. The
      corresponding increase in the vascular smooth muscle tone at 30 mM K+ was 10-25%,
      showing that vascular smooth muscle cells are less easily affected by increasing
      K+ than the heart. Further confirmation of the results were obtained by exposing
      the preparations (papillary muscle and arteries) to a locally-developed
      depolarizing K+-cardioplegic solution.

PMID- 6826041
TI  - Contractile response of isolated human vessels with special regard to stretch and
      storage.
AB  - The effect of stretch and storage of isolated human blood vessels was studied in
      vitro. The following observations were made. 1. Umbilical vessel preparations
      exhibited spontaneous rhythmic activity whereas other vessels showed this only
      after storage. Amplitude but not frequency of this activity increased after
      stretching. 2. Innervated vessel preparations showed increased sensitivity and
      maximal response to noradrenaline after storage. This can probably be explained
      by denervation supersensitivity and receptor upregulation and the rhythmic
      responses after storage may reflect unstable membrane potentials and
      prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 6826042
TI  - Human and rat resistance vessels: a comparison of their morphological and
      pharmacological characteristics.
AB  - The morphology and pharmacology of isolated human omental and rat mesenterial
      resistance vessels of about 200 micron i.d. have been compared. The results show
      a similarity in the gross morphology, the maximal responses and the sensitivity
      of the smooth muscle cells to noradrenaline and Ca2+. There were differences in
      the vascular smooth cell size and minor qualitative differences in the
      pharmacological responses. More importantly, we found that there was a very
      sparse adrenergic innervation of the human vessels as compared to the rat
      vessels, suggesting that these human vessels may not be under sympathetic
      control. The results suggest that, with the exception of the differences noted,
      the rat vessels are a reasonable model for the human vessels.

PMID- 6826043
TI  - Vascular effects of ergot alkaloids: a study on human basilar arteries.
AB  - Postmortem examinations on human basilar arteries were performed in vitro by
      recording isometric tension from spiral strips in tissue baths at 37 degrees C.
      Antagonism of 5-HT by ergotamine, dihydroergotamine and methysergide was of the
      non-competitive type, that of noradrenaline was either absent (i.e. ergotamine)
      or considerably weaker. In addition each ergot alkaloid acted as a partial
      agonist in the following order of efficacy: ergotamine greater than
      dihydroergotamine greater than methysergide, producing pD2 values of 9.30, 9.60
      and 7.10 respectively. Evidence is provided that the stimulant activity of
      ergotamine is mediated through 5-HT receptors. The present results are compared
      to those obtained on isolated human vein strips as well as to those on canine
      blood vessels.

PMID- 6826044
TI  - The effect of temperature on the action of thyroid hormone and prolactin in
      larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus.
AB  - To elucidate the environmental factors and endocrine mechanisms which are
      responsible for inducing neoteny in the salamander Hynobius retardatus, the
      effect of temperature on the growth and metamorphosis of this amphibian, as well
      as the actions of thyroid hormone and prolactin at low temperature, were studied.
      (1) The metamorphosis of larvae cultivated at 10 degrees was significantly
      delayed compared with that of larvae cultivated at 22 degrees, but the
      metamorphosis was eventually completed. At 4 degrees, metamorphosis never
      occurred, even after 2 years. (2) Exogenously administered thyroid hormone
      accelerated metamorphosis at 10 degrees or 22 degrees, but was ineffective in
      larvae kept at 4 degrees, whether administered by injection or immersion. (3) If
      a higher concentration of thyroid hormone was given by a single injection to
      larvae cultured at 4 degrees, an appreciable acceleration of metamorphosis was
      observed after transferring the larvae to 22 degrees. (4) Unlike thyroid hormone,
      prolactin promoted growth at 4 degrees.

PMID- 6826045
TI  - The effects of aldosterone on sodium and potassium metabolism in larval Ambystoma
      tigrinum.
AB  - Electrolyte depletion resulting from 14 days in distilled water, which was
      changed daily, lowered plasma Na concentration from 108 to 92 mM.
      Aminoglutethimide was administered on each of the final 3 days of the depletion
      period in doses of 3 mg/animal. This further depressed Na to 75 mM. Both
      aldosterone (25 micrograms/animal) and corticosterone (200 micrograms/animal)
      returned plasma Na to 92 mM. Cortisone (200 micrograms/animal) was ineffective.
      There were no consistent patterns in plasma K. Renal clearance experiments showed
      that the same dose of aminoglutethimide decreased fractional tubular Na
      reabsorption and increased fractional tubular K reabsorption. Aldosterone
      reversed these trends suggesting that this hormone may play a role in controlling
      renal electrolyte excretion.

PMID- 6826046
TI  - Hormone changes during ovulation in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri
      Richardson).
AB  - Plasma levels of 17 beta-oestradiol, testosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta
      dihydroprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and gonadotrophin were
      measured in 14 female rainbow trout during the course of their first ovulation
      period. Gonadotrophin levels were rising at the beginning of the experiment (12
      16 days prior to ovulation) and kept rising to reach a peak (65 ng ml-1) at 20
      days after ovulation. 17 alpha-Hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone levels rose
      rapidly to reach a peak (317 ng ml-1) 4 days prior to ovulation and fell
      gradually over a further 32 days. 17 beta-Oestradiol fell 15-17 ng ml-1 12 days
      prior to ovulation to basal levels (2-3 ng ml-1) at 4 days prior to ovulation,
      and remained low. Testosterone fell more slowly, however, from a peak value (276
      ng ml-1) 8 days prior to ovulation to basal levels 28 days postovulation. 17
      alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone appeared in plasma at the same time as 17 alpha-hydroxy
      20 beta-dihydroprogesterone. The level of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone rose more
      slowly, however, and stayed at a fairly constant level (about 100 ng ml-1) for 16
      20 days. These results give the first clear picture of the interrelationships
      between some of the major hormones known to be involved in salmonid reproduction.
      They support the existence of feedback inhibition between the sex steroids and
      gonadotrophin, and provide further evidence for the important role of 17 alpha
      hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone in the processes of oocyte maturation and
      ovulation. It is suggested that the rapid rise in 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta
      dihydroprogesterone prior to ovulation is due to the switching of already highly
      active steroid cells from C19 (androgen) to C21 (progestagen) production.

PMID- 6826047
TI  - Hypothalamic control of prolactin and growth hormone secretion in the pituitary
      gland of the pigeon and the chicken: in vitro studies.
AB  - Hypothalamic extracts stimulated the release of prolactin and growth hormone from
      pigeon and chicken pituitary glands incubated in vitro. Release of hormone was
      proportional to the amount of hypothalamic extract added. Pituitary glands from
      "lactating" pigeons released more prolactin and their hypothalami contained more
      prolactin-releasing activity compared with controls. Partial separation of
      prolactin releasing activity from growth hormone releasing activity in chicken
      hypothalamic extract was achieved using gel filtration chromatography. Co
      incubation studies in vitro with hypothalamic tissue present showed that
      prolactin release from the pituitary was inhibited and growth hormone release was
      stimulated when dopamine was added to the medium. The effects of dopamine were
      blocked by the antagonist pimozide. The possible existence of hypothalamic
      releasing and inhibiting factors regulating secretion of prolactin and growth
      hormone is discussed.

PMID- 6826048
TI  - Steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by testes, ovary, and adrenals of
      embryonic and postembryonic ducks.
AB  - To elucidate the relationship between steroidogenesis and sex differentiation or
      sexual development in the birds, plasma LH, testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol,
      progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol, testicular and ovarian testosterone,
      17 beta-estradiol and progesterone, and adrenal corticosterone, cortisol,
      progesterone, and testosterone concentrations from 15- to 26-day-old embryonic
      and 1- to 14-day-old postembryonic male and female ducks were determined by
      radioimmunoassays. Plasma LH level was high in embryos and decreased after
      hatching in both sexes. Both plasma testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol
      concentrations were statistically higher in female embryos than in male embryos,
      while sex differences were not observed in plasma progesterone, corticosterone,
      or cortisol concentrations. Both plasma corticosterone and cortisol reached a
      peak at hatching, and decreased thereafter. Testicular and ovarian testosterone,
      17 beta-estradiol, or progesterone was much higher in female embryos than in male
      embryos. Adrenal corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone
      concentrations reached a peak 1 day after hatching, and decreased thereafter in
      both sexes. These results indicate that duck embryonic ovary is much more active
      in production and secretion of sex steroid hormones than the embryonic testes. It
      is suggested that the sex of the avian species is basically male having
      homozygoty of sex chromosomes (ZZ), and that estrogens secreted by the embryonic
      ovary have important roles in female sex differentiation. Very high levels of
      corticosterone and cortisol either in plasma or adrenals observed shortly after
      hatch suggest that corticosteroids have an important role in hatching of ducks to
      adapt themselves to a new environment.

PMID- 6826049
TI  - Masculinization of females of the isopod crustacean, Armadillidium vulgare,
      following injections of an active extract of the androgenic gland.
AB  - Injections of 64 U of an active extract of the androgenic gland into young
      females of Armadillidium vulgare induced masculinization of the external sexual
      characteristics and transformation of the internal female reproductive organs
      into testes, seminal vesicles, and vasa deferentia. Following injections of 10-U
      doses, the internal organs were hardly affected in 8 of 10 females although the
      external characteristics underwent masculinization.

PMID- 6826051
TI  - Cytological changes induced by low temperature in the thyroid glands of larvae of
      the salamander Hynobius retardatus.
AB  - In order to study the environmental conditions and the endocrine mechanism which
      induce neotenous characteristics, the fine structure of the thyroid glands of
      larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus were examined. The thyroid glands of
      larvae exposed to a low temperature (4 degrees) were compared with those of
      larvae exposed to a higher temperature (20 degrees). At 4 degrees, the follicular
      lumen was large and its contents of low electron density; the epithelial cells
      were flat or cuboidal. In contrast, the 20 degrees larvae showed a small dense
      lumen and tall cylindrical epithelial cells, which may indicate a higher level of
      activity. No apical vesicles were found in the epithelial cells of the 4 degrees
      larvae, although they were present in 20 degrees larvae. On the other hand, in 4
      degrees larvae the chromatin in the nuclei was scattered, while in 20 degrees
      larvae it was condensed. In addition, large dense granules occupied 2.4% of the
      epithelial cytoplasm in 4 degrees larvae and as much as 7.3% in 20 degrees
      larvae. The structural features observed in larvae exposed to the cold resembled
      those reported for thyroid glands made inactive by a lack of thyrotropin.

PMID- 6826050
TI  - Identification of mesotocin, lysine vasopressin, and phenypressin in the eastern
      gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus).
AB  - The neurohypophysial hormones of the eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)
      have been isolated through molecular sieving and paper chromatoelectrophoresis.
      One oxytocin-like and two vasopressin-like peptides have been found. These
      peptides have been characterized by amino acid analysis. Mesotocin ([Ile8]
      oxytocin), has been identified both by amino acid composition and by behavior in
      partition chromatography. Lysine vasopressin has been characterized by amino acid
      composition and by partial amino acid sequence determination. Phenypressin
      ([Phe2]-arginine vasopressin) has been identified by amino acid composition.
      Lysine vasopressin is about twice as abundant as phenypressin. These three
      peptides have previously been identified in two other macropodids, namely, the
      red kangaroo and the tammar wallaby, and seem to be present in all the family
      Macropodidae. The evolution of neurohypophysial hormones is discussed in regard
      to these results.

PMID- 6826053
TI  - Tearing in the geriatric patient: causes and treatments.

PMID- 6826052
TI  - Plasma thyroid hormones in cyclostomes: do they have a role in regulation of
      glycemic levels?
AB  - Plasma levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in intact Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) undergoing
      the period of natural fasting and in Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti)
      maintained unfed in the laboratory. Plasma T3 levels in both lamprey and hagfish
      were always severalfold lower than T4 levels. The influence of thyroid hormones
      on glycemic level was studied following intraperitoneal injection of T4 or T3 (13
      20 micrograms/100 g body wt), as well as after implantation of sealed Silastic
      capsules containing the goitrogen, 6-propylthiouracil (6-PTU), or after
      intraperitoneal injections of an antithyroglobulin serum (ATgS) exhibiting both
      anti-T4 and anti-T3 activities. Measured plasma T4 and T3 levels after hormonal
      injection were extremely high and could be considered pharmacological. The 6-PTU
      treatment decreased plasma levels of both T4 and T3 within several weeks. The
      glycemic levels in lampreys and hagfish after thyroid hormone treatment were
      lower than in control animals, whereas in animals treated with either 6-PTU or
      ATgS, hyperglycemic levels prevailed. It is concluded that thyroid hormones,
      possibly acting with other hormones, may participate in the maintenance of
      glycemic levels in cyclostomes and that their action is to reduce glycemic
      levels.

PMID- 6826054
TI  - Transplantation to overcome brain diseases.

PMID- 6826055
TI  - Treating the violent elderly patient with propranolol.

PMID- 6826056
TI  - Treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly.

PMID- 6826057
TI  - Giant cell arteritis: a disease of the elderly.

PMID- 6826058
TI  - [Effect of irrigation with industrial sewage on the biochemical indices and
      vitamin content of agricultural crops from cultivated fields].

PMID- 6826059
TI  - [Comparative toxicological hygiene evaluation of azo dyes and their
      transformation products for the purpose of setting a hygienic standard in water].

PMID- 6826060
TI  - [Effect of the dust from the manufacture of synthetic washing powders on workers'
      immunobiological system].

PMID- 6826061
TI  - [Assessment of the fetoplacental system as a prospective direction in natural
      hygiene research].

PMID- 6826062
TI  - [Mutagenic hazard of the parenteral body uptake of ethylene oxide in mammals].

PMID- 6826063
TI  - [Anthropometric data on students as a scientific basis for establishing the
      functional dimensions of classroom furniture].

PMID- 6826064
TI  - [Changes in physical thermoregulation in preschool children as affected by
      fitness training].

PMID- 6826065
TI  - [DeontologicaL problems of environmental hygiene].

PMID- 6826066
TI  - [Tasks of the journal Gigiena i Sanitariia in connection with the decision of the
      Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on
      "Supplementary Measures for Improving the Health Protection of the Population"].

PMID- 6826067
TI  - [Housing and living conditions and an evaluation of the observation of hygienic
      requirements by Novokuibyshevsk inhabitants].

PMID- 6826068
TI  - [Methodological approaches to the study of the effect of the mineral components
      of drinking water on population health].

PMID- 6826069
TI  - [Use of hollow film samplers for analysing dimethyl- and diethylamine and
      dimethylaniline in the atmosphere].

PMID- 6826070
TI  - [Chromatographic determination of micro amounts of butonate].

PMID- 6826072
TI  - [Extractive photometric method of determining molybdenum in drinking water].

PMID- 6826071
TI  - [Determination of sebacic acid in natural water and sewage].

PMID- 6826074
TI  - [Accuracy of determining carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere on
      titrometric gas analyzers].

PMID- 6826073
TI  - [Formation of air pollution in the region around large industrial energy
      complexes].

PMID- 6826075
TI  - [Problems of protecting the water resources in regions with a developed petroleum
      industry and the hygienic effectiveness of sanitary improvement measures].

PMID- 6826076
TI  - [Experimental establishment of the maximum permissible dust concentration in the
      atmosphere of populated places by the total of substances].

PMID- 6826077
TI  - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of 2,6-xylenol in the
      atmosphere].

PMID- 6826078
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of methods for the sanitary microbiological control of
      the air in operating rooms].

PMID- 6826080
TI  - [Hygienic standards for alkylaminopropionitrile (AHC17-C20) applicable to the
      sanitary protection of reservoirs].

PMID- 6826079
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of allylamine in
      the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 6826081
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of neonol AF
      14, neonol 2B1317-12, prevocel No. 12 and DKS-703 in the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 6826085
TI  - [Employment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic toxic liver diseases].

PMID- 6826084
TI  - [Complex characteristics of the air quality of residential and public buildings].

PMID- 6826083
TI  - [Effect of an industrial frequency (50 Hz) electrical field on the metabolism of
      copper, iron and their related metalloenzymes (experimental studies)].

PMID- 6826082
TI  - [Change in the cardiovascular system in exposure to isophos-3].

PMID- 6826086
TI  - [Immunologic reactions of workers who had an occupational exposure to carbophos].

PMID- 6826087
TI  - [Blood level of atherogenic lipids in workers exposed to lead].

PMID- 6826088
TI  - [Pathogenic properties of dust from the Yakutian gold mines].

PMID- 6826089
TI  - [Effect of elevated air pressure on visual acuity in man].

PMID- 6826090
TI  - [Relationship between the biological effects of microwave radiation and the
      intensity and duration of exposure].

PMID- 6826091
TI  - [Effect of prolonged exposure of the rabbit retina to monochromatic light on
      retinal function].

PMID- 6826092
TI  - [Various aspects of the effects of pseudocumene and monochloromethylpseudocumene
      on the workers engaged in bis(alkylbenzyl)ethylene sulfide (ABES additive)
      manufacturing].

PMID- 6826093
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions during coke production].

PMID- 6826094
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions of longshoremen in the
      specialized ore-loading facility of a sea harbor].

PMID- 6826095
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of the maximal permissible levels of isobutyl
      alcohol in the air of the workplace].

PMID- 6826096
TI  - [Roentgenological evaluation of the after-effects of radiation exposure in female
      workers with contact with luminescent substances with continuous action].

PMID- 6826097
TI  - [Cytomechanical evaluation of the functional state of the alveolar macrophages
      after exposure to a polymetallic dust].

PMID- 6826098
TI  - [Physiologo-hygienic evaluation of the working conditions in oxygen-flash cyclone
      electrothermal smelting of copper-zinc concentrates].

PMID- 6826099
TI  - Absorption of prednisolone in patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - The absorption of prednisolone in patients with Crohn's disease was investigated.
      Seven patients with Crohn's disease and eight normal control subjects were given
      a tracer dose of tritiated prednisolone with 20 mg cold prednisolone by mouth. On
      a separate occasion they were given an intravenous injection of radiolabelled
      prednisolone. After oral ingestion only 53.4 +/- 11.7% of labelled material was
      excreted in the urine of Crohn's patients compared with 82.5 +/- 3.6% in the
      normal subjects. The oral/intravenous availability ratio was 0.61 +/- 0.14 in
      Crohn's patients and 0.89 +/- 0.07 in the normal group. Areas under plasma
      concentration-time curves were lower in patients than normal subjects and the
      oral/intravenous ratios were 0.6 +/- 0.2 and 0.86 +/- 0.09 respectively. Faecal
      excretion of radioactivity after oral ingestion was greater in Crohn's patients
      (19.3 +/- 2.5%, n = 3) than in normal subjects (7 +/- 2.8%, n = 4). The range for
      each type of measurement was much wider in the patient group than in the normal
      subjects. These data suggest that patients with Crohn's disease do not absorb
      prednisolone normally and that absorption varies between patients.

PMID- 6826100
TI  - Analgesic ingestion and other factors preceding relapse in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - To investigate factors which predispose to relapse in patients with ulcerative
      colitis, we conducted a survey to compare the events occurring in the four weeks
      preceding the clinic attendance of 62 outpatients in remission with those taking
      place in the same period before the onset of relapse in 21 patients attending
      with active disease. The only event which occurred significantly more often in
      patients who subsequently relapsed was ingestion of paracetamol and other
      inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (76% (16/21) relapse vs 39% (24/62)
      remission, p less than 0 . 01). Recent upper respiratory tract infection (38% vs
      26%) was not significantly more common in patients in relapse than in remission,
      and emotional stress, atopic events, antibiotic treatment, dietary indiscretions,
      foreign travel, and gastroenteritis were relatively rare in both groups. The
      surprisingly high prevalence of analgesic ingestion before relapse itself
      requires confirmation but does lend indirect support to the theory that colonic
      mucosal prostaglandin deficiency induces relapse in some patients with ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 6826101
TI  - Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in ulcerative colitis in remission.
AB  - The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of a motility disturbance similar to the
      irritable bowel syndrome was investigated in 98 patients with ulcerative colitis
      in remission, and a similar number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
      Thirty-three per cent of patients compared with 7% of controls fulfilled the
      criteria for such a syndrome (p<0.01). Contrary to expectations these symptoms
      were not confined to patients with distal disease. Other symptoms such as
      constipation were also very common in the colitic group (31%).

PMID- 6826102
TI  - Dysfunction of the continent ileostomy: clinical features and bacteriology.
AB  - The pathogenesis and treatment of dysfunction of the continent ileostomy was
      investigated in 12 patients, five of whom had asymptomatic malabsorption and
      seven of whom had acute complaints. The number of anaerobic bacteria in jejunal
      aspirates was increased in patients with pouch malfunction (range 10(3) to
      10(8)/g aspirate), but the microbiology of ileal effluent and the morphology of
      the ileal mucosa could not be correlated with dysfunction. Bile acid breath tests
      and lactose tolerance tests were not, however, reliable indicators of jejunal
      bacterial overgrowth. The symptoms, the malabsorption, and the number of jejunal
      and ileal anaerobic bacteria decreased in patients during treatment with
      metronidazole, implicating overgrowth of anaerobic bacterial flora in the
      pathogenesis of the syndrome.

PMID- 6826103
TI  - Immunohistological findings in lip biopsy specimens from patients with Crohn's
      disease and healthy subjects.
AB  - Biopsies of apparently normal buccal mucosa were taken from 14 patients with
      Crohn's disease and 13 healthy controls who were matched for dental status. Most
      patients had an increased number of lymphocytes around vessels in the
      subepithelial tissue and two showed fibrosis with moderate atrophy of minor
      glands. Plasma cells which contained immunoglobulin, predominantly IgA, were only
      found around minor salivary glands in both patients and controls. Quantitative
      studies showed a significant increase in the number of cells containing IgA in
      patients compared with controls. No correlation was found between immunoglobulin
      pattern and disease activity, age, sex, or duration of Crohn's disease. A
      significant correlation was found between the activity of the disease, as defined
      by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, and the number of plasma cells containing
      IgM.

PMID- 6826105
TI  - Electrical activity of the external anal sphincter at different ages in
      childhood.
AB  - In EMG recordings of the external anal sphincter there is a brief contraction in
      response to rapid rectal distension, and a preserved or increased activity during
      a prolonged substantial rectal distension in healthy adults. In order to
      determine if this activity develops during childhood 30 healthy children, aged 2
      months to 15 years, were examined with their parents' consent. EMG of the
      external anal sphincter during rest and during rectal distension was performed.
      All those children who had gained voluntary anal control showed an EMG recording
      similar to the adults. The 10 youngest children who had not gained voluntary
      control showed another EMG pattern. Instead of a brief contraction they had a
      brief loss of activity in response to rectal distension. During a prolonged
      rectal distension the external sphincter activity decreased and finally ceased.
      An intermediate state was found in the two youngest children who had gained
      voluntary control. The EMG pattern showed a good correlation with the maturation
      and gain of voluntary control of defaecation.

PMID- 6826104
TI  - Relapse of antibiotic associated colitis: endogenous persistence of Clostridium
      difficile during vancomycin therapy.
AB  - This study reports 24 patients with antibiotic associated colitis due to
      Clostridium difficile. Fifteen patients were treated with vancomycin due to the
      severity of the colitis and in eight of these a clinical relapse of the colitis
      occurred after vancomycin therapy was stopped. Bacteriological investigations of
      these patients indicated that C difficile was able to persist in stool samples
      during vancomycin therapy in the absence of detectable cytotoxin. This was in
      contrast with the seven patients successfully treated with vancomycin without
      relapse, and those not treated with vancomycin where both stool cultures and
      cytotoxin assays became negative. These results suggest that patients being
      treated with vancomycin for antibiotic associated colitis due to C difficile
      should have stool cultures done during and after treatment. Persistence of the
      organism in the absence of detectable cytotoxin may identify those patients who
      relapse and lead to either recommencement of vancomycin or alternative
      therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 6826106
TI  - Human intestinal mucosal mast cells: expanded population in untreated coeliac
      disease.
AB  - Previous retrospective studies of intestinal mucosal mast cells in coeliac
      disease have given divergent results, and we have recently reported that
      inappropriate methodology could account for these discrepancies. In this
      prospective study, mucosal mast cell counts were performed in Carnoy fixed,
      peroral jejunal biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease, both
      untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet; and from controls (mainly
      irritable bowel syndrome). Mean mucosal mast cell count in 27 control subjects
      was 146/mm2, SD 29. Significantly higher values were obtained in untreated
      coeliac disease (mean 243, SD 41, p less than 0.001) returning to the normal
      range in coeliacs treated with a gluten-free diet with normal jejunal biopsy
      morphology. In seven patients mucosal mast cell counts were performed in multiple
      jejunal biopsies, and these showed that mucosal mast cell distribution was not
      patchy. There was no evidence of degranulation of intestinal mucosal mast cells
      under the conditions of routine biopsy (overnight fast). An increase in mucosal
      mast cells in untreated coeliac disease may be one explanation for the high
      number of IgE positive stained cells in the intestinal mucosa that has been
      reported by some authors.

PMID- 6826107
TI  - Effect of gluten-free diet on splenic hypofunction of adult coeliac disease.
AB  - Splenic function has been serially measured by counting pitted red cells in 15
      coeliac patients, before and during a gluten-free diet. The basal percentage
      values of pitted cells decreased significantly during treatment but no
      correlation was observed between the duration of the gluten-free diet and the
      percentage of recovery of splenic function over basal values. Out of six coeliacs
      with pitted cell values consistent with splenic hypofunction, three showed a
      total recovery after gluten withdrawal. Our data suggest that, contrary to recent
      reports, hyposplenism in adult coeliac disease is improved by a gluten-free diet,
      and that environmental factors may be important in determining and maintaining
      this complication.

PMID- 6826108
TI  - Effects of bombesin on gastrin and gastric acid secretion in patients with
      duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The effect of bombesin, a possible neurotransmitter of gastrin release, upon
      gastrin and gastric acid secretion was investigated in 25 patients with duodenal
      ulcer and in 16 normal subjects. In patients with duodenal ulcer bombesin (10
      ng/kg/min) produced an increase in plasma gastrin output (median 22.4 (range 7.5
      75.8) pmol/l/min) similar to that obtained in normal subjects (median 24.4 (range
      5.8-56.5) pmol/l/min), whereas gastrin stimulated by a meal was significantly
      higher in the group of patients with duodenal ulcer (median 20.7 (range 9.2-42.9)
      vs 16.2 (range 3.4-22.2) p<0.05). Peak acid output induced by bombesin was
      significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcer than in normal subjects
      (median 24.4 (range 9.0-63.8) vs 14.0 (range 3.0-24.8) mmol/h, p<0.05) despite
      identical gastrin outputs. The ratio (%) obtained by dividing the acid secretory
      response to bombesin by the response to pentagastrin, however, was similar in
      both normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer (median 55 (range 20-116)
      vs 58 (range 31-95) respectively). The difference between the gastrin response to
      food and bombesin could be explained by the fact that bombesin releases gastrin
      directly, whereas a protein meal involves several mechanisms (neural,
      peptidergic, paracrine, endocrine), either stimulatory or inhibitory. The above
      results indicate that a higher concentration in antral and/or duodenal gastrin is
      unlikely to be present in patients with duodenal ulcer. An increased parietal
      cell mass could explain the higher gastric acid response after bombesin infusion
      in our group of patients with duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6826109
TI  - Psychological stress and the passage of a standard meal through the stomach and
      small intestine in man.
AB  - Gastric emptying half-time and mouth to caecum transit time of a solid meal were
      measured in eight normal volunteers, once during a period of psychological stress
      and again during a period of relative calm. No consistent or significant effect
      on gastric emptying was observed, but mouth to caecum transit times were faster
      in all subjects and this difference was highly significant (p<0.01).

PMID- 6826110
TI  - Postprandial plasma concentrations of glycine and taurine conjugated bile acids
      in healthy subjects.
AB  - Fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of glycine and taurine conjugates
      of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acid were measured by a high
      pressure liquid chromatography-enzymatic assay in nine healthy subjects. The mean
      value of each bile acid concentration increased significantly (2.4-4.7 times) in
      the postprandial period. The total glycine taurine ratio of 2.5 in the fasting
      state increased significantly to a maximum value of 3.3 at one to 1 1/2 hours
      postprandially and then declined. This shift in glycine taurine ratio shows, that
      the relative increase in concentrations of glycine conjugates exceeds the
      relative increase in concentrations of taurine conjugates in the early
      postprandial period, and supports the view that there is significant absorption
      of glycine conjugated bile acids from the proximal small intestine.

PMID- 6826112
TI  - Hepatic reactions to cyclofenil.
AB  - Thirty patients with hepatic reactions to cyclofenil, a non-steroidal drug with a
      stimulating effect on ovulation, are reviewed. The liver damage was probably
      related to metabolic idiosyncrasy, and was reversible in all patients.

PMID- 6826113
TI  - Catamnestic examinations performed after the utilization of two different
      sterilization techniques.
AB  - By using a patient questionnaire, we checked the effects on sterilization of the
      unipolar high-frequency current method and the endocoagulation procedure in
      relation to late complications. In the years following high-frequency
      sterilization, 23 women (8.9%) were hysterectomized; in the endocoagulation group
      only 9 patients (2.3%) underwent hysterectomy, primarily because of the
      recurrence of therapy-resistant menometrorrhagia. Of those women sterilized by
      the unipolar HF technique, 20 (7.8%) required 1-3 postoperative curettages,
      whereas only 8 patients (2.1%) of the endocoagulation group required such an
      operation. We found that 79 patients of the HF group (30.9%) exhibited menstrual
      disorders compared to only 45 women (11.7%) in the endocoagulation collective. By
      disregarding those patients who had taken the pill or used an IUD prior to
      sterilization, the corrected rates for occurrence of menstrual irregularities
      were 22.5% for the HF group and 5.9% for the endocoagulation group, respectively.

PMID- 6826111
TI  - Effect of synthetic oestrogens and progestagens in oral contraceptives on bile
      lipid composition.
AB  - The prevalence of cholesterol gall stones in young women has increased since the
      introduction of oral contraceptives. The synthetic female sex hormones used in
      these preparations, increase the degree of cholesterol saturation in bile. To
      determine whether oestrogens, progestagens, or both, are responsible for the
      change in biliary cholesterol saturation index, a prospective randomised,
      controlled study was performed. A significant increase in the cholesterol
      saturation index of bile was observed when either 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol
      plus 150 micrograms norgestrel (p = 0.01) or 50 micrograms ethinyloestradiol plus
      250 micrograms norgestrel (p less than 0.01) were ingested daily for two months.
      No change in the cholesterol saturation index was observed when 30 micrograms
      ethinyloestradiol alone, or 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol plus 2.5 mg
      norethisterone were used. The mechanism for the increase in cholesterol
      saturation index did not appear to involve bile acid metabolism. These results
      indicate that the progestagen, norgestrel, and not as previously thought the
      oestrogen, ethinyloestradiol, is responsible for the increase in cholesterol
      saturation of bile which accompanies the use of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 6826114
TI  - Relationship between deciduoma formation and uterine blood flow in the
      pseudopregnant rat.
AB  - The relationships between experimentally induced deciduoma formation, circulating
      estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) levels and alterations in uterine blood flow
      (UBF) were studied between days 4 and 15 of pseudopregnancy (PSP: day 0 =
      ovulation) in rats. Blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic blood flow
      monitor and serum analyzed for E and P levels by radioimmunoassay. Neither
      uterine trauma on day 4 of PSP nor the site of trauma had any direct influence on
      altering UBF. A dramatic increase in UBF occurred in response to stromal
      proliferation on days 5-6 and continued to remain above sham-operated control
      levels through day 9. These vascular changes correlated temporally with the day 9
      peak in uterine weight resulting from deciduoma formation. Both uterine weight
      and vascular fluctuations in deciduoma-bearing rats were related to the cyclic
      changes in E/P ratios between days 5 and 8 of PSP. A decline in UBF preceded
      deciduoma regression between days 9 and 15 of PSP. These results suggest that an
      increase in UBF is causally associated with the formation and maintenance of
      deciduoma in the PSP rat and that deciduoma regression may result from a
      subsequent decline in UBF rates. Both factors may be directly dependent on
      fluctuating E/P ratios.

PMID- 6826115
TI  - Relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the normal puerperium.
AB  - 21 women who had been followed regularly during their normal pregnancies were
      examined in the puerperium. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin
      was analyzed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic acid decreased and
      stearic acid increased, which indicates a shift to more pathway II-synthesized
      lecithin in the puerperal period. Linoleic acid increased and the longer
      polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. These changes were slow as compared to the
      changes in the saturated fatty acids. No correlations were found between the
      saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid dominating the polyunsaturated fatty
      acids. The results indicate different incorporational ways into the lecithin
      molecule of these fatty acid groups. It is suggested that the deacylation
      reacylation cycle is responsible for the high content of longer polyunsaturated
      fatty acids still 1 week after delivery. 6 weeks after delivery normal values
      were recorded. Breast-feeding did not seem to influence the fatty acid pattern of
      serum lecithin.

PMID- 6826118
TI  - The value of the hospital autopsy. A study of causes and modes of death estimated
      before and after autopsy.
AB  - Among 312 consecutive deaths in a Danish Central Hospital autopsy was performed
      in the pathology department on 266 cases, i.e. 85%. Retrospectively, the
      underlying causes of death were estimated from the clinical information alone by
      an experienced clinician and subsequently compared with the autopsy report. The
      definite cause of death was determined jointly by the clinician and the
      pathologist. The clinician's diagnosis was thereby confirmed as incorrect in 18%
      of the cases if small differences in site and type of malignant tumours were not
      considered. This is less than in many other investigations, but it is stressed
      that this could partly be because formal errors in completing the death
      certificate were avoided. The main causes of death were ischaemic heart disease
      and neoplasia. Clinical diagnosis of malignant diseases was never found to be
      erroneous. There was a slight tendency to clinically overestimate ischaemic heart
      disease, but in general the different errors outweighed each other, so that the
      total number of different causes of death before and after autopsy was nearly the
      same. The original death certificate was investigated in 12 accidental cases.
      Hereby it was found that the mode of death was originally stated erroneously as
      natural in 7 cases, i.e. 4.5%. It is concluded that hospital autopsy is still
      needed for the control and correction of causes of death, and it is stressed that
      clinicians as well as pathologists should be more aware of cases with a trauma in
      the history to avoid errors in the mode of death. Such errors can imply legal as
      well as insurance problems.

PMID- 6826117
TI  - The squatting facet on femora of West Coastal Indian population.

PMID- 6826116
TI  - Handling of inspired vaporized ethanol in the airways and lungs (with comments on
      forensic aspects).
AB  - Collections of expired air and chemical determinations of ethanol concentrations
      in inspired and expired air showed that during prolonged inspiration of ethanol
      (vapour)-containing air about 55% was absorbed by adult human subjects. The
      fractional absorption was not detectably affected by variations in tidal volume
      (0.7-2.1 liters), nor was it significantly reduced in experiments where, due to
      preceding oral intake, the ethanol concentration of systemic blood was up to 50
      times higher than that of inspired air. In these experiments the difference
      between the rates of change in blood alcohol concentration (beta 60) during and
      before ethanol inhalation agreed well with values calculated from measured
      respiratory absorptions. Mass spectrometric recordings of ethanol concentration
      in expired air vs. expired volume, taken in a state of steady uptake, also gave
      absorption fractions of about 0.55, and showed that the concentration in end
      expiratory air did not fall below some 30% of that of the inspired air. These and
      other findings show that a large part of ethanol being inspired is deposited in
      the airway linings to be released again to ethanol-free alveolar air expired
      through the airways. It is concluded that inspired ethanol deserves consideration
      as a source of elevations of blood alcohol concentrations.

PMID- 6826119
TI  - Morphometrical investigations into alterations of the wall thickness of small
      pulmonary arteries after birth and in cases of sudden infant death syndrome
      (SIDS).
AB  - In 1973 Naeye was the first to demonstrate that, in cases of SIDS, the small
      pulmonary arteries have more smooth muscle than in controls and suggested that
      this is a consequence of chronic alveolar hypoxia. Seventy-five cases have been
      investigated morphometrically in order to obtain quantitative data on the
      alterations of wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries after birth and in
      cases of SIDS. The investigations comprise seven cases of stillbirth, 19 cases of
      newborn, 33 cases of SIDS and 16 controls. In each case the thickness of the
      media, the external diameter of the artery and the media area have been measured
      planimetrically for 90 arteries ranging between 50 microns and 500 microns. A
      media index was calculated as the ratio of the thickness of the media to the
      diameter of the artery. Using this index a thickening of the media of the small
      pulmonary arteries, corresponding to the situation in fetal and neonatal life,
      has been confirmed for cases of SIDS. The normal postnatal changes in the small
      pulmonary arteries, media thinning and enlargement of the lumen, could not be
      observed in SIDS cases in the first year of life.

PMID- 6826120
TI  - Destruction of intracerebrally applied red blood cells in cervical lymph nodes.
      Experimental investigations.
AB  - In rabbits, intracerebrally applied erythrocytes can move with the cerebrospinal
      fluid along connecting pathways between the subarachnoid space and the cervical
      lymph nodes. This study compares the time dependency for the degradation of
      intracerebrally injected erythrocytes in the brain as well as in the cervical
      lymph nodes. Rabbits were killed at various predetermined intervals after the
      intracerebral erythrocyte injection. Microscopic and histologic examination of
      the brain and the cervical lymph nodes revealed the following findings: (1)
      Erythrophages first appeared in the brain 24 h after the injection; siderophages,
      4 days after the injection. Siderophages were still demonstrable at the
      conclusion of the study, i.e. 240 days after the injection. (2) In the cervical
      lymph nodes erythrophages were first observed 1 h after the injection;
      siderophages, 9 h after the injection. Only isolated erythrophages and
      siderophages were found in the lymph nodes 12 days after intracerebral injection
      of red blood cells. Later on no erythrocytes or siderophages were observed in the
      lymph nodes. The findings indicate that non-phagocytized red blood cells arriving
      at the lymph nodes were ingested by local macrophages. The extremely rapid
      ingestion and digestion of the red blood cells by lymph node macrophages as well
      as the possible reasons were discussed.

PMID- 6826121
TI  - Tentative injuries in self stabbing.

PMID- 6826122
TI  - Introduction of a standardized "paternity index" for the statistical evaluation
      of blood group findings in paternity testing.
AB  - The introduction of a standardized paternity index (PI) for the statistical
      evaluation of blood group findings in cases of disputed paternity is proposed and
      explained. By using the PI X/Y as parameter, it is not necessary to give the
      information of the probability of paternity in percent. The PI includes the full
      information of the blood group findings. In addition to that, by using the
      suggested standardization based on the probabilities of error according to
      Schulte Monting and Walter the test volume is also taken into account. The
      interpretation of the mathematical result is given by verbal predicates, the
      limitations of which are orientated by the verbal predicates for the
      probabilities of error according to Schulte Monting and Walter, published by us
      elsewhere. Besides the essential fact that the test volume is taken into account,
      the most important advantage of this procedure is that the mathematical result is
      involved in the court decision only by the PI (which is free of any valuation)
      and its verbal predicate and not by sometimes relatively high percentages, which
      may be misunderstood by laymen.

PMID- 6826123
TI  - A six-digit code for computer-aided dental identification.
AB  - A six-digit code for dental description is presented. It is intended to simplify
      the establishment of ante- and postmortem data files in a computer and consists
      of two digits for designating the individual tooth, two digits for describing the
      surface or surface combination involved (if any), and two digits for describing
      treatment type and material. Depending upon the number of teeth present, the
      dental description of one person may thus comprise from 1 to 32 six-digit
      numbers, ante- or post-mortem. The comparison by the computer of one antemortem
      with one postmortem set of numbers is a simple procedure.

PMID- 6826124
TI  - [A 70-year-old controversial discussion: spleen and gonad function in medical
      literature].
AB  - The development of a protein-free spleen-dialysate has led to a new discussion
      arguing about the old question as to whether there is a link between the spleen
      and the endocrine system. Experimental animal-trials demonstrate that the therapy
      with spleen dialysate is regarded superior to an adequate dose of gonadotropins.
      The present contradictory results in the field of spleen research cannot yet
      offer a valid model of the mechanisms how it works. The therapy with spleen
      dialysate in various fields of indications demonstrates first remarkable results
      without any serious side-effects.

PMID- 6826125
TI  - [Anticoagulants and thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors in the treatment of heart
      infarct. A survey].
AB  - The treatment of causes and complications of myocardial infarction is complicated
      by variable response to anticoagulants and inhibitors of platelet aggregation. No
      generally accepted principle for treatment of myocardial infarction is available
      at present. Following a literature review and after our own experience we suggest
      an immediate treatment of acute myocardial infarction with heparin and a switch
      to oral anticoagulants after heparin treatment of the acute phase. Three to four
      weeks after the acute myocardial infarction invasive diagnostic procedure should
      be performed. The result will lead to a decision about possibly extended therapy
      with oral anticoagulants. Left ventricular aneurysma e.g. would lead to prolonged
      coumarin-therapy. If no oral anticoagulants are necessary long term treatment
      with sulfinpyrazone or Aspirin plus dipyridamole should be initiated.

PMID- 6826126
TI  - Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

PMID- 6826128
TI  - [Precancerous conditions].
AB  - Precancerous stages are precursors of a potential malignant growth which lead to
      cancer with a certain regularity. They can occur in all organs and all tissues.
      Consequently, they play an important part in the prevention and early detection
      of cancer in all medical specialties. For the pathogenesis of precancerous stages
      as morphologically well defined preneoplastic tissue changes ("precancerous
      lesion") or as disorders with risk of cancer lacking morphologic preneoplastic
      changes ("precancerous condition"), an individual disposition (genetic, racial
      and immunological factors) and an exposure against chemicophysical noxae are
      responsible. In view of the therapeutical procedure the cancer incidence rate,
      the latency period up to the appearance of malignant growth as well as the
      localization and the extension of the disorder have to be weighed against
      morbidity and mortality due to a presumptive treatment. Easily accessible
      precancerous stages, like some skin diseases and polyps of the gastrointestinal
      tract have to be cleaned up. If conservative or surgical treatment is not
      possible or not convenient, or if exposure against carcinogenic noxae cannot be
      avoided, the risk patients must undergo careful observation for the prevention of
      cancer.

PMID- 6826127
TI  - [Patch enlargement of the aortic valve ring. Description of a new operation
      method. An experimental and clinical study].
AB  - This communication describes a new surgical procedure of enlarging the narrow
      aortic valve ring by extending the aortic incision through the fibrous origin of
      the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve into this leaflet. A fusiform patch is
      sutured to the V-shaped defect in the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve and in
      the aortic annulus. This procedure permits the enlargement of the hypoplastic
      aortic valve ring of more than 20 mm and the replacement of the aortic valve by a
      suitable prosthesis. The operative technique is described, experimental and
      clinical results are reported.

PMID- 6826129
TI  - [Do we need new drugs?].

PMID- 6826130
TI  - [Effects of 4-aminopyridine on nerve cells].

PMID- 6826131
TI  - [Discontinuance of the clinical study of a new extract vaccine against whooping
      cough. Announcement by the Vaccination Committee of the German Society of Social
      Pediatrics, dealt with at the 10 December 1982 meeting].

PMID- 6826132
TI  - [Therapy in neurology. 13. The treatment of Parkinson syndrome].
AB  - Drug therapy in Parkinson's disease can be performed by anticholinergic
      substances, adamantines or dopamines. Combinations are often useful. There are
      some new substances, such as bromocriptine. The paper gives a therapeutic scheme,
      after having shown the way to diagnosis. The non-drug or "additional" therapy is
      very important in Parkinson's disease: The patient's family must know the main
      symptom of slowing down for most reactions like laughter or eating for instance!
      Physiotherapy is important in the hospital, but also at home. In respect to the
      incidence rate all collegians should know the principles of treatment.

PMID- 6826133
TI  - [Fluid and substance transport in the microcirculation].

PMID- 6826134
TI  - [Local antibiotic treatment using gentamycin-PMMA chains and beads].

PMID- 6826136
TI  - [Amiodarone (Cordarex) in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias refractory
      to therapy].

PMID- 6826135
TI  - [Chronic adnexitis].

PMID- 6826137
TI  - [Problems in sterility diagnosis].
AB  - In 250 cases of sterility (no conception) or infertility (termination of
      pregnancy before viability) in which a pregnancy could be achieved, the
      pathological findings and the different treatments have first been analyzed.
      Subsequently the causes of impaired fertility were discussed. The difficulties to
      investigate distinct reproductive functions and to recognize definite causes of
      barrenness by correct interpretation of data are pointed out. On the basis of a
      critical evaluation of our findings the most frequent factor responsible for the
      initial sterility or infertility may have been disturbed ovarian function,
      followed by seminal disorders and abnormal conditions concerning tubes and
      peritoneum. It seems noteworthy that only 1/3 of our cases revealed a more or
      less clear cause and in almost 1/4 of the cases later becoming pregnant the cause
      of impaired fertility remained undetectable.

PMID- 6826138
TI  - [Local chemotherapy of osteitis with 4% taurolin-gel].

PMID- 6826139
TI  - [Therapy of age-induced hypotension and hypotensive orthostatic regulation
      disorders using Regulton].

PMID- 6826140
TI  - Increased plasma catecholamine levels in response to reduced energy intake in the
      dog.

PMID- 6826142
TI  - Effect of intraluminal bile or bile acids on release of gut glucagon-like
      immunoreactive materials in the dog.
AB  - The true biological role of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (gut GLI)
      is still unknown, although the stimulatory effect of intraluminal nutrients on
      the secretion of gut GLI has been described. The present authors, using the
      canine intestinal loop prepared from the terminal portion of the ileum,
      investigated how gut GLI would respond to digestive juice or its components. When
      bladder bile collected from another dog and diluted to 10% in saline was
      instilled into canine ileal loop, gut GLI in a branch of regional mesenteric vein
      was elevated significantly. Cholic acid suspended in saline (0.25 g/50 ml) also
      stimulated gut GLI secretion in the similar pattern to that of bile
      administration. On the other hand, 154 mM NaHCO3 which is a major inorganic
      component of pancreatic juice did not affect the venous level of gut GLI.

PMID- 6826141
TI  - Plasma amino acid levels in hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma.
AB  - The plasma amino acid levels in five patients with hyperosmolar nonketotic
      diabetic coma and in seven normal subjects were analysed. In the patients with
      hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma, total amino acids were generally low,
      especially, the concentrations and the molar ratios of arginine, taurine and
      serine were significantly low, and ornithine decreased only at the concentration.
      The level of phenylalanine increased both at the concentration and the molar
      ratio, and tyrosine did only at the molar ratio. The significance of such changes
      in the plasma is discussed in relation to diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic
      acidosis.

PMID- 6826143
TI  - Refusing treatment: the uncertainty continues.

PMID- 6826145
TI  - Highlights of the 34th Hospital and Community Psychiatry Institute.

PMID- 6826144
TI  - Combating stigma through work for the mentally restored.

PMID- 6826146
TI  - When psychiatrists are liable: risk management and violent patients.
AB  - In an era of rapid discharge and community treatment, psychiatrists must assess,
      with insufficient information, their patients' potential for committing a violent
      act outside of the hospital every time they authorize a pass or a discharge. The
      authors review court decisions on prediction of dangerousness and research data
      on the risk of homicide, assault, and suicide among released mental patients.
      They then discuss a risk-management approach to decision-making that consists of
      three components--risk assessment, risk evaluation, and risk reduction. The
      authors also provide a decision table that clinicians can use to identify factors
      that suggest a high risk of violence in a patient's current status, history, and
      treatment response.

PMID- 6826147
TI  - Training personnel in the prevention and management of violent behavior.
AB  - The authors describe a training program on prevention and management of violent
      behavior for the staff of a Veterans Administration hospital. The one-day
      workshop focuses on preventive identification of potentially violent situations
      and on methods of verbal and physical management of violent behavior. A study of
      workshop participants showed that trainees had improved knowledge about and
      performance in handling violent behavior after completing the program. Future
      developments in training in prevention and management of violent behavior should
      include greater availability of educational resource materials and incorporation
      of the subject in undergraduate and graduate health care training.

PMID- 6826148
TI  - The reactions of nursing staff to physical assault by a patient.
AB  - Forty nursing staff members in a Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric
      hospital were surveyed in a study aimed at determining victims' responses to the
      assault and helping to sensitize clinicians to the frequency and outcomes of
      assaults on nursing staff. The respondents, who had an average of six years of
      psychiatric nursing experience, reported being assaulted an average of seven
      times prior to the study period. The author summarizes the emotional, social,
      biophysiological, and cognitive responses of the respondents and notes that a
      major finding was the large number of staff who indicated they had no reactions
      to the assault. She speculates that staff may be unable to admit their reactions
      even to themselves and discusses some possible reasons for that situation.

PMID- 6826149
TI  - An overview of patient satisfaction with psychiatric treatment.
AB  - Patient satisfaction with psychiatric treatment can strongly influence pursuit
      and use of mental health services as well as treatment compliance and treatment
      outcome. Although assessment of patient satisfaction is crucial to designing
      effective mental health programs, no standard methodology exists to measure
      satisfaction; thus it is difficult to compare findings from different
      satisfaction studies. The author examines the studies in four areas of
      satisfaction research: patient satisfaction with treatment, with participation in
      research, with participation as subjects in psychiatric teaching, and with
      involuntary commitment. He notes the variance between mental health
      professionals' expectations of patient satisfaction and the higher satisfaction
      that patients themselves report. He also discusses the need for more study of the
      subjective experience of patients who participate in research projects, teaching
      conferences, and observed psychotherapy and who undergo involuntary commitment.

PMID- 6826150
TI  - The risky professions.

PMID- 6826151
TI  - Dealing with suicide on a psychiatric inpatient unit.
AB  - Suicide on an inpatient unit can cause severe trauma among patients and staff.
      Consequently both groups may revert to less adaptive coping styles. In general,
      staff's recovery is gradual and natural and may yield an opportunity for
      emotional growth; however, prolonged disability may also occur. The authors
      interviewed 23 staff members who had worked on an inpatient unit during a 16
      month period when four patients committed suicide. On the basis of these
      interviews, the authors have developed a framework for understanding the three
      phases of staff reaction to suicide and guidelines for helping staff through the
      recovery process. They recommend that ward administrators monitor and facilitate
      the group process by providing protection and support during the initial phase of
      shock, appropriate channels and limits for the intense feelings that occur during
      the second phase, and constructive forums for more mature coping activities
      during the third phase, as staff regain their equilibrium.

PMID- 6826152
TI  - The new community consultation.
AB  - A large proportion of chronically mentally ill persons live in non-medical
      community residential facilities run by administrators and staff who are not
      specifically trained in the management of psychiatric patients; this situation
      makes consultation to residential facilities an issue of high priority.
      Consultants should be familiar with the facility's operating procedures; the wide
      range of social and vocational potential among long-term patients; and the needs
      of some patients for highly structured programs. They should be aware of the
      facility administrator's attitude toward mental health professionals and be
      prepared to deal with problems that can arise when they attempt to provide both
      consultation and direct service to the same facility. The authors recommend that
      consultants advise administrators on issues such as determining admission
      criteria; understanding the mental health system; and handling a variety of
      difficult behaviors.

PMID- 6826154
TI  - Cultural factors complicating the treatment of psychosis caused by B12
      deficiency.

PMID- 6826153
TI  - Ensuring continuity of care for a Munchausen patient through a public guardian.

PMID- 6826155
TI  - A cross-validation of factors predictive of AMA discharge.

PMID- 6826156
TI  - The lithium index: too variable for use in clinical practice.

PMID- 6826157
TI  - Preventing sudden death during a catatonic episode.

PMID- 6826158
TI  - Insanity defense continues to draw attention in Washington, state capitols.

PMID- 6826160
TI  - A comparison of three types of lithium release preparations.

PMID- 6826159
TI  - Evaluating the consequences of deinstitutionalization.

PMID- 6826162
TI  - The limits of general hospital care: a continuing role for state hospitals.
AB  - An examination of the characteristics of patients transferred to a state hospital
      after their treatment in a rural community general hospital had failed provides
      some data for defining the state hospital's role in relation to such patients. Of
      2,128 discharges from the general hospital in a three-year period, 33, or 1.6
      percent, were referred to the state hospital. The patients could be divided into
      four subgroups: violent patients, unresponsive patients with severely
      disorganized mental states, dependent patients treated successfully but referred
      because of a lack of community residential facilities, and deteriorating
      alcoholic recidivists who had proved to be unresponsive to treatment. At follow
      up, the most improvements had occurred among the unresponsive subgroup. The
      author believes that, among those subgroups, state hospitals are most useful for
      violent patients, for deteriorating recidivist alcoholics, and, depending on
      further research, possibly for unresponsive patients.

PMID- 6826161
TI  - The impact of deinstitutionalization on California's state hospital population.
AB  - Deinstitutionalization has dramatically reduced the state psychiatric hospital
      population in California from 37,000 in 1955 to only 2,500 at the present time.
      In 1980 and 1982 the California Department of Mental Health conducted two surveys
      to assess demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnosis, health status, and
      behavioral traits of state hospital patients. The results indicate that most
      patients are young, male, and diagnosed as schizophrenic and frequently engage in
      dangerous behaviors. The various patient subpopulations exhibited few differences
      in diagnostic distribution, although Hispanics did have a significantly higher
      rate of substance use. The author posits that the current hospital population
      constitutes a "hard core" of patients who may be difficult to place in community
      treatment facilities.

PMID- 6826163
TI  - Minimizing the adverse effects of mass relocation among chronic psychiatric
      inpatients.
AB  - Recent studies have reported conflicting results on the impact of
      intrainstitutional relocation on chronic psychiatric patients. As part of a
      hospital renovation project, 82 patients were assessed over a period of eight
      months to determine the effects of mass transfer on physical, mental, and social
      functioning. Twenty-five staff members also assessed the social climate before
      and after the transfer. The author found that involuntary relocation of living
      quarters within the same institution did not significantly affect the functioning
      of the chronic psychiatric patients. He attributes the lack of disruption to
      continuity of care in a familiar environment and to a continuous schedule of
      supportive activities conducted outside of the ward.

PMID- 6826164
TI  - A comparison of work activities of mental health professionals among disciplines
      and environments.
AB  - Due to fiscal constraints on health care providers, the utilization of time of
      mental health professionals has come under close examination. The authors
      conducted a study of the work habits of 193 psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses,
      rehabilitation therapists, social workers, and mental health workers in 1976 and
      1977. The clinicians worked at 18 facilities that offered inpatient, outpatient,
      partial hospital, or a mix of partial and outpatient services. Their work
      activities were observed over a two-week period. The data were analyzed for each
      clinical type and for each service modality across three funding sources--state,
      private, and mixed. The data, in part, show that a substantial amount of time was
      spent in all types of facilities in indirect patient care activities,
      particularly use of psychiatric records. Privately funded inpatient facilities
      devoted a much greater amount of time to direct patient care than did state
      inpatient facilities, which spent more time on administration and use of records.
      Staff of outpatient or partial-mixed facilities spent much more time on
      individual or other therapies, while inpatient staff spent more time on patient
      management and informal contacts with patients.

PMID- 6826165
TI  - Developments in foreign psychiatry: an introduction.

PMID- 6826166
TI  - Recent developments in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the chronic
      mentally ill in Britain.
AB  - Just as the deinstitutionalization movement has swept the United States in recent
      years, the effort to provide alternatives to public hospitals has been government
      policy in Britain for the past 20 years. While problems remain, Britain, which
      reduced its mental hospital census less than America, has had some success in
      finding proper community treatment and care for its former hospital patients,
      especially the chronically disabled. The author describes recent developments in
      the administration and organization of services for chronic patients and in
      clinical practice. The effects of new legislation and several government reports
      on community care are outlined, as are two new experiments in finding community
      housing for former hospital patients. Developments in biological psychiatry, use
      of depot neuroleptic therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and industrial therapy
      are also briefly mentioned.

PMID- 6826167
TI  - A study of the use of restraint in a psychiatric emergency room.

PMID- 6826168
TI  - Creating residential alternatives for the chronically mentally ill.

PMID- 6826169
TI  - Highlights of a survey of patient governments and councils in VA medical centers.

PMID- 6826170
TI  - Some antitherapeutic effects of a therapeutic community.

PMID- 6826171
TI  - A follow-up note on patients not admitted to the hospital.

PMID- 6826172
TI  - Further comment on MAOI study.

PMID- 6826173
TI  - November hospital expenses continue downward course.

PMID- 6826174
TI  - Hospitals access CT capability by sharing mobile unit.

PMID- 6826175
TI  - Modular units introduce 'while you wait' room redesign.

PMID- 6826176
TI  - Employees given refresher course in kindness.

PMID- 6826177
TI  - May government recapture its Hill-Burton Act grants?

PMID- 6826178
TI  - Looking back, looking forward.

PMID- 6826179
TI  - The challenge of change.

PMID- 6826180
TI  - Matched filters in nerve conduction velocity estimation.

PMID- 6826181
TI  - Recognition and storage of metal heart marker position from biplane X-ray images
      at video rates.

PMID- 6826182
TI  - Upper extremity limb function discrimination using EMG signal analysis.

PMID- 6826184
TI  - Analysis of left ventricular mechanics during filling, isovolumic contraction,
      and ejection.

PMID- 6826183
TI  - Accuracy of dipole localization with a spherical homogeneous model.

PMID- 6826185
TI  - A fundamental investigation of the composition of auditory evoked potentials.

PMID- 6826186
TI  - High-speed digital data acquisition of sarcomere length from isolated skeletal
      and cardiac muscle cells.

PMID- 6826187
TI  - Reduction of interference due to common mode voltage in biopotential amplifiers.

PMID- 6826188
TI  - Driven-right-leg circuit design.

PMID- 6826189
TI  - An EMG integrator for muscle activity studies in ambulatory subjects.

PMID- 6826190
TI  - Erythrocytes sedimentation profiles under gravitational field as determined by He
      Ne laser: VIII--effect of inhomogeneous magnetic field.

PMID- 6826191
TI  - Changes in electromyographic gait patterns of calf muscles with walking speed.

PMID- 6826192
TI  - The ventricular gradient revisited: relation to the area under the action
      potential.

PMID- 6826193
TI  - Comments on "maximum frequency indication: minima counting versus zero-crossing
      counting".

PMID- 6826194
TI  - Studies on the migration of primordial germ cells in early chick embryos:
      cultivation of hypoblast explants from the germinal crescent area.
AB  - The hypoblast from the germinal crescent area of stage 4 to 5 chick embryos, when
      grown on a glass surface, spreads out as a thin and continuous cellular sheet.
      Primordial germ cells (PCCs) are found to migrate individually over this
      hypoblast monolayer (as they do in vivo) and, perhaps even more striking, their
      morphological features during migration are remarkably similar to those observed
      in vivo. Inasmuch as this in vitro system permits direct observations of PGCs
      migrating on their natural, rather than artificial, substratum undoubtedly it
      will prove to be an effective means of studying the mode of PGC migration in
      early chick embryos.

PMID- 6826195
TI  - A comparison of human amnion tissue and amnion cells in primary culture by
      morphological and biochemical criteria.

PMID- 6826196
TI  - Attachment and extracellular matrix differences between tendon and synovial
      fibroblastic cells.
AB  - Fibroblasts of the synovium of sheathed tendons were isolated, and their
      biochemical properties were compared with those of the fibroblasts of the
      remaining tendon. The synovial cells had a lower attachment efficiency than did
      the tendon cells. On the day of cell isolation the synovial cells synthesized
      collagen as 10% of their total protein, whereas the tendon cells synthesized 30%
      collagen. After growth in fetal bovine serum (FBS), the percentage of collagen
      synthesized by both populations decreased; however, the synovial cells still made
      less collagen than did the tendon cells (5 versus 11%). On the basis of cyanogen
      bromide peptide analysis, the synovial cells were found to synthesize Types I and
      III collagen in primary culture, whereas the tendon cells synthesized only Type
      I. The synovial cells also synthesized two to three times less sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans in culture than did the tendon cells. Thus, the two cell
      populations differed in attachment efficiency and in their biosynthesis of
      collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. These differences reflect extracellular
      matrix differences that have been observed in the tendon in vivo. In addition,
      the results augment existing data showing that not all fibroblasts have identical
      phenotypes.

PMID- 6826198
TI  - Cellular injury of primary cultures of rat myocytes incubated in calcium-free
      medium followed by recovery in calcium.
AB  - Primary monolayer cultures of rat myocardial cells were used to study the
      cellular injury that occurs when calcium is reintroduced after a period of
      calcium depletion. Cultures were treated with a calcium-free balanced salt
      solution (BSS) for 2 h and were then incubated for different time periods in the
      presence of normocalcemic BSS (2.5 mM CaCl2). Myocyte calcium content was
      determined after the calcium-free period and after incubation in the presence of
      calcium. Leakage of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium was
      used as an index of cell injury. At the end of the calcium-free period there was
      a significant decrease in the total cellular content of calcium, and LDH release
      was minimal. After incubation in normocalcemic BSS, the myocyte calcium content
      increased progressively with time and cellular injury was manifested by
      significant leakage of LDH. The calcium content of treated cells reached control
      levels 10 min after calcium repletion. Maximal leakage of LDH was observed 60 min
      after the restoration of calcium. The calcium content of treated cultures was
      higher than that of control cultures 120 min after incubation in normocalcemic
      BSS.

PMID- 6826197
TI  - Formation and utilization of methionine by rat liver cells in culture.
AB  - The enzyme N5-methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase (methionine
      synthetase) catalyzes the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine.
      Methylcobalamin is a cofactor for the reaction. The effects of methionine
      deprivation and methylcobalamin supplementation on the growth of normal and
      transformed rat liver epithelial cell lines were determined using growth
      constants to quantitate cell proliferation. No marked specific requirement by the
      transformed cell lines for methionine relative to leucine was observed. A
      sigmoidal relationship, however, was found to exist between growth constants and
      the logarithms of the amino acid concentrations for both normal and transformed
      cells. Methylcobalamin stimulated the growth rates of the normal and transformed
      liver cells in methionine-deficient, homocysteine-containing medium. Growth on
      methionine was not increased by the addition of methylcobalamin. The growth
      constants for two normal, two spontaneously transformed, one chemically
      transformed, and one tumor cell line grown in medium in which methionine was
      replaced by homocysteine were found to be proportional to the level of methionine
      synthetase. The results demonstrate the utility of growth quantitation to study
      the methionine dependency of transformed cells.

PMID- 6826199
TI  - Long lived nonadherent rabbit macrophages obtained from spleen cell cultures.
AB  - During the preparation of rabbit-mouse hybridomas, an unusual degree of cellular
      proliferation and a high level of rabbit immunoglobulin secretion in culture was
      noted. The proliferation seemed to be dependent on the use of relatively high
      levels (10%) of fetal bovine serum because it was not seen when spleen cells were
      cultured using either horse serum or autologous serum in a variety of media. The
      peak of the proliferative response occurs at 7 to 10 d in culture, after which
      the lymphoblast population dies rapidly, leaving a large, granular, nonadherent
      cell as the predominant component in the culture. These cells did not seem to
      divide further but persisted in very gradually diminishing numbers for many
      months. This long lived cell has been characterized as a nonadherent macrophage
      by its morphology, intense esterase staining, expression of an Fc receptor for
      rabbit IgG, phagocytosis of latex particles and opsonized sheep erythrocytes, and
      mediation of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity on chicken
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6826200
TI  - Characterization of a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, LS123.
AB  - An epithelial cell line, LS123, was established in 1974 from the second in a
      series of three primary colonic tumors resected from a Caucasian female. The cell
      line is aneuploid, releases low concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
      fails to grow progressively in nude mice, and forms colonies only in enriched
      semisolid medium developed for tumor stem cells. LS123 cells grow on confluent
      cell monolayers and in either low serum or serum-free medium. In the chick
      embryonic skin assay, LS123 cells grew as a well-differentiated abnormal colonic
      epithelium with little mitotic activity but with some indication of invasion. On
      floating collagen gels LS123 cells formed a one to three-cell-layer-thick
      undifferentiated epithelial sheet. The apparent low invasiveness of the cells of
      this line is supported by the patient's history of three primary colon tumors
      without systemic metastases during the past 30 yr. Therefore, although LS123
      cells possess several properties associated with neoplasia, they have little
      invasive potential. Thus, LS123 cells may represent an important model for the
      study of human colon cancer.

PMID- 6826201
TI  - Fc-mediated immune precipitation. III. Visualization by electron microscopy.
AB  - Fc-mediated interactions between immune complexes are of major importance for the
      precipitin reaction. In the present study these interactions were investigated by
      means of electron microscopy. Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) was adsorbed to a
      thin glow charged carbon supporting film and reacted with either rabbit anti-KLH
      IgG or anti-KLH F(ab')2 fragments. The Fc-Fc interactions were investigated by
      reacting these surface-adsorbed antibody-rich KLH immune complexes with soluble,
      antigen-rich ferritin-anti-ferritin complexes using either rabbit anti-ferritin
      IgG or the corresponding isomolar F(ab')2 fragments as antibody. Fc-Fc
      interactions were indicated by the formation of clusters or ring structures of
      ferritin molecules, which were only seen when using KLH anti-KLH IgG and ferritin
      anti-ferritin IgG complexes. When F(ab')2 fragments were used as antibody, no
      reaction between KLH anti-KLH complexes and ferritin-anti-ferritin complexes
      could be demonstrated.

PMID- 6826202
TI  - Antibody classes and subclasses in circulating immune complexes isolated from
      mice infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus.
AB  - A chronological study of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in lactic
      dehydrogenase virus (LDV)-infected mice has been performed. The results
      demonstrate that CIC containing immunoglobulin of the IgM class were isolated
      between days 3 and 9 post-LDV infection and corresponded to an increase in serum
      IgM. IgG1-containing CIC were also transient in the serum of LDV-infected mice in
      that they were isolated only between days 5 and 13. The occurrence of IgG1 CIC
      did correlate with an increase in total IgG1 in the serum, however, it did
      correlate with a small (1:10) increase in IgG1 anti-LDV activity. In contrast,
      CIC containing immunoglobulin of the serum IgG2 subclass were not isolated from
      LDV-infected serum until 15 days post infection. This chronological appearance of
      IgG2 CIC did not correlate with the observed increase in total IgG2 concentration
      in LDV-infected mice on day 7, however, was analogous to the rapid increase in
      free serum LDV-specific antibody. We propose that the non-specific suppression of
      the immune response and tumour enhancement during the acute phase of LDV
      infection could be due to the immunoregulatory properties of IgG1 CIC.

PMID- 6826203
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II on macrophage functions.
AB  - Angiotensin II (At II) has been shown to inhibit in vitro the IgG2a-mediated
      rosette formation of 51Cr-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by provoked peritoneal
      macrophages (PM) at 10(-5)-10(-6) M concentrations. The decreased rosette
      formation was associated with an increased phagocytosis. It was found that the
      enhanced rosette formation at 10(-7) M hormone concentration was followed by
      diminished phagocytosis via Fc gamma receptors (R). Processes mediated through Fc
      microR were affected only after incubation with 10(-5) M of At II. The attachment
      and subsequent phagocytosis through C3bR was markedly enhanced by At II in a dose
      dependent way. Thus, the relative phagocytosis (RP) through both FcRs was
      significantly enhanced by 10(-5), i.e. by 10(-5)-10(-6) M of At II, but lowered
      at 10(-7) M hormone concentration. In addition, there was no RP enhancing effect
      of At II after preincubation with 10(-5) M of indomethacin (IM), indicating the
      significance of prostaglandins (PG) in the hormone effect. The medium containing
      5 mM of EGTA diminished both the RP enhancing and inhibiting effects of At II.
      The RP mediated by C3b was not affected by At II, IM or EGTA. The intracellular
      killing capability, measured by chromium release from Candida albicans, was not
      altered or even slightly diminished after At II treatment of PMs.

PMID- 6826204
TI  - Sex difference in delayed footpad reaction to syngeneic testicular cells in
      C3H/He mice.
AB  - Delayed footpad reaction against syngeneic testicular cells was compared between
      males and virgin females of C3H/He mice. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with
      1 x 10(7) of syngeneic testicular cells and the reaction was elicited with 1 x
      10(6) of syngeneic testicular cells 6 days after the immunization. When mice were
      pretreated with 0, 25 or 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CY), the delayed footpad
      reaction was detected in female mice, but not in male mice under the same
      conditions. This sex difference in the reaction to testicular cells was not
      attributed to the recognition of H-Y antigen by female mice. A sex difference in
      the reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was not observed. The sex difference
      in the reaction to testicular cells was attributed to testicular cells other than
      sperm because a sex difference was not detected against sperm. The implications
      of these findings are discussed in relation to the tolerance phenomena of
      autologous testicular cells.

PMID- 6826205
TI  - Immunogenic cells in the regional lymph nodes after painting with the contact
      sensitizers picryl chloride and oxazolone: evidence for the presence of IgM
      antibody on their surface.

PMID- 6826206
TI  - Cortisone-induced immunotolerance to nematode infection in CBA/Ca mice. II. A
      model for human chronic trichuriasis.
AB  - Treatment of CBA/Ca mice with cortisone acetate for a short period after
      infection with Trichuris muris induces a state of immunotolerance which allows
      the development and survival of a chronic infection. Mice harbouring such
      infections were found to be less capable of responding to a primary infection
      with Trichinella spiralis or of producing humoral responses to lipopolysaccharide
      and sheep red blood cells. Mesenteric lymph node T cells, however, were as
      responsive to the polyclonal activator phytohaemagglutinin as those from normal
      mice. Homing to the intestinal tract of activated mesenteric lymph node cells
      from helminth-infected donors was not impaired in the animals harbouring chronic
      infections. The results are discussed in terms of antigenic competition and with
      respect to their relevance to chronic human trichuriasis.

PMID- 6826207
TI  - Biochemical studies of H-2K antigens from a group of related mutants. I.
      Identification of a shared mutation in B6-H-2bm5 and B6-H-2bm16.
AB  - Structural studies of the H-2 gene products from a group of five closely related
      but independent C57BL/6H-2 mutant mice were undertaken. Each of the mutants
      exhibits reciprocal graft rejection with the parent. The group is remarkable,
      however, because each member of this group can accept skin grafts from any other
      member. The results of biochemical analysis of the H-2 glycoproteins from two of
      these related mutants, bm5 and bm16, are presented in this report. Evidence is
      given that the H-2K molecules from these two mutants are identical to each other
      based on comparative tryptic peptide mapping profiles with the parent. From
      partial amino acid sequence analysis, K products of both mutants have at least
      one common difference from the parental type located at residue number 116.
      Definitive studies established that in both bm5 and bm16 a tyrosine found in the
      parent molecule is substituted with a phenylalanine in the mutant. These results
      show that a biochemical difference between the K products of the two mutants and
      of the parent can be detected, that the mutants appear to be identical with one
      another even though they arose independently, and that they differ from the other
      H-2Kb mutants analyzed.

PMID- 6826208
TI  - Biochemical studies of H-2K antigens from a group of related mutants. II.
      Identification of a shared mutation in B6-H-2bm6, B6.C-H-2bm7, and B6.C-H-2bm9.
AB  - In an earlier paper, we presented evidence that two independent mutants of the bg
      series, B6-H-2bm5 (bm5) and B6-H-2bm16 (bm16) carry identical mutations such that
      tyrosine at residue number 116 of the H-2Kb molecule from the parent strain
      C57BL/6Kh is replaced by a phenylalanine in each of the two mutant molecules. In
      this paper, we demonstrate, using similar techniques, that the independent bg
      series mutants B6-H-2bm6 (bm6), B6.C-H-2bm7 (bm7), and B6.C-H-2bm9 (bm9), which
      share biological properties with bm5 and bm16, can be grouped together because
      they share two identical mutations, one of which is common to bm5 and bm16, a Tyr
      to Phe interchange at residue number 116. In addition, a second mutation is at
      residue number 121, where a Cys in the H-2K molecule from B6 is substituted with
      an Arg in the mutant. Since all of the bg series mutants arose independently and
      share biological and biochemical characteristics, it is anticipated that study of
      these mutants could lead to some understanding of the high mutation rate in the
      Kb molecule.

PMID- 6826209
TI  - Polymorphism of genes involved in anti-tubular basement membrane disease in rats.
AB  - Inbred strains of rats differ widely in their susceptibility to interstitial
      nephritis induced by rabbit renal tubular basement membrane (TBM) preparations.
      We now report that susceptibility is determined in part by an RT1-linked gene for
      effector cell responsiveness producing interstitial lesions. Furthermore, we also
      obtained evidence that the gene determining expression of the target TBM antigen
      is linked to the gene for albinism on the first linkage group. When non
      susceptible rats lacking the TBM antigen but having the gene for cellular
      responsiveness were mated with non-susceptible rats which had the TBM antigen but
      lacked the gene for cellular responsiveness, the F1 hybrids were susceptible to
      the induction of interstitial nephritis. Although strains varied widely in the
      amount of anti-TBM antibody (alpha TBM-Ab) they produced, this variation does not
      appear to be controlled by RT1-linked genes, nor does the isotype or amount of
      antibody appear to be related to the susceptibility to infiltrating cellular
      lesions.

PMID- 6826211
TI  - HLA and mate selection.

PMID- 6826210
TI  - Biochemical studies on the H-2K mutant B6.C-H-2bm10.
AB  - The H-2K glycoprotein from the MHC mutant bm10 was analyzed biochemically to
      determine where primary structural differences distinguished it from the parental
      standard molecule, Kb. Comparative peptide maps showed differences in two
      peptides known to be part of the parental CNBr fragment spanning amino acids 139
      to 228. Partial sequence analyses of CNBr fragments and tryptic peptides
      identified two tightly clustered amino acid substitutions at amino acids 165 (Val
      to Met) and 173 (Lys to unknown). The substitutions in bm10 represent the most
      carboxy-terminal substitutions characterized in the Kb molecules of the
      spontaneous, histogenically active H-2 mutants.

PMID- 6826212
TI  - Evidence for the control of eosinophilia by the major histocompatibility complex
      in mice.
AB  - The genetic control of eosinophilia has been studied in congenic strains of mice.
      Eosinophilia was induced with cyclophosphamide followed by keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin in complete Freund's adjuvant. After this treatment, BALB/c mice
      developed a high eosinophil response, whereas CBA, C57BL and A/J mice developed a
      low one. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was found to exert a control
      on eosinophilia, as B10.D2 mice developed a higher eosinophil response than B10,
      B10.A, or B10.BR. BALB/c-H-2k mice had a lower response than BALB/c, and A.TL
      mice had a higher response than A/J or A.TH. If a single gene within the MHC is
      responsible for these effects, the most likely position for it is in the vicinity
      of the Tla locus. Splenectomy reduced eosinophilia in BALB/c and A.TL mice, but
      not in A/J mice, indicating that the spleen is a significant site of eosinophil
      production in high responder strains.

PMID- 6826213
TI  - Separation of H-2Dd, H-2Ld, and H-2Rd by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6826214
TI  - Hypoalgesia in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) is absent in rats with
      experimental hypertension.
AB  - In this study a possible relationship between regulatory mechanisms involved in
      pain and blood pressure control has been investigated in the rat. Spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR), their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, and two
      experimental models of hypertension together with their appropriate sham-operated
      controls were tested for their responsiveness to pain. Two methods for
      measurement of nociceptive responsiveness (hot plate and electric footshock
      threshold) were used. A diminished responsiveness was observed in both young
      (still normotensive) and adult (hypertensive) SHR. Pretreatment with naloxone
      reduced hot plate response times of adult SHR to the level of WKY, indicating
      opioid receptor involvement. Despite severe hypertension in rats with a renal
      artery clip and in DOCA-salt treated rats, no reduction of pain sensitivity as
      compared to sham-operated controls was evident in the hypertensive rats as
      assessed by both methods. It is concluded, that the higher pain threshold in SHR
      is probably determined by genetic factors rather than hypertension.

PMID- 6826215
TI  - Activation of peripheral dopamine presynaptic receptors lowers blood pressure and
      heart rate in dogs.

PMID- 6826216
TI  - Increased plasma norepinephrine accompanies persistent tachycardia after
      hydralazine.
AB  - To determine the role of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in the
      persistent tachycardia caused by the antihypertensive drug hydralazine, we
      examined the temporal relationships between the changes in heart rate and plasma
      norepinephrine concentration and the reduction in blood pressure produced by a
      range of doses of hydralazine administered intravenously to five hypertensive
      patients. Significant linear correlations were found between the increases in
      heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration and the reduction in blood
      pressure at 15 and 30 minutes after injection. However, at 240 minutes after
      injection, changes in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine were not correlated
      with changes in blood pressure and were disproportionately elevated relative to
      the reduction in blood pressure. A significant linear correlation between changes
      in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration was noted at 15, 30, and
      240 minutes after injection. The temporal discordance of the changes of both
      heart rate and plasma norepinephrine relative to the reduction in blood pressure
      and the significant linear correlation between the increases in heart rate and
      plasma norepinephrine concentration suggest that continued activation of the
      peripheral sympathetic nervous system contributes to the persistent tachycardia
      seen after the administration of hydralazine.

PMID- 6826218
TI  - Simple portable device for sampling a whole day's urine and its application to
      hypertensive outpatients.
AB  - To simplify 24-hour urine collection for epidemiological and clinical
      examinations, we devised a portable, semiautomatic urine sampling cup with
      divided partitions. The cup, 6.6 cm in diameter and 14 cm in height, is double
      bottomed and has a pipe-shaped scale and a cock leading to the lower compartment.
      It is so devised that 1/m of the urine volume excreted into the upper compartment
      each time remains in the pipe scale, and then comes down into the lower
      compartment by manipulating the cock. The urine in the lower compartment remains
      when the urine in the upper compartment is discarded. The cup is carried in a
      vinyl bag. By repeating this manipulation. 1/m of the total urine excreted during
      24 hours can be collected in the small cup (proportional sampling method). When
      the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion measured by the conventional method and that
      measured by this method were compared, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.98,
      and the average variation was 2.0 +/- 10.8 (SD) mEq (n = 32). Use of this device
      for outpatients was convenient and enabled counseling on salt intake.

PMID- 6826217
TI  - Continuous vs intermittent blood pressure measurements in estimating 24-hour
      average blood pressure.
AB  - In the past few years noninvasive automatic blood pressure (BP) recorders have
      been increasingly used to estimate patients' 24-hour BP more accurately than by
      one or few isolated measurements. However, these recorders only allow BP to be
      intermittently measured at intervals between 5 to 30 minutes, which means that
      the number of values collected over 24 hours (10 to 100) remains a tiny fraction
      of the thousands of values that occur during the same period. To determine
      whether this represents a limitation to this approach, BP was recorded
      intraarterially for 24 hours (Oxford method) in 20 ambulant hypertensive
      patients. A beat-to-beat analysis of the BP recording was provided by a computer,
      and the average 24-hour systolic, diastolic, and mean BP values were compared
      with those obtained by analyzing single BP waves of the same recording at
      intervals of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. In each subject the average 24-hour
      BP values obtained by the beat-to-beat analysis closely corresponded to those
      obtained by the analysis performed at 5-, 10-, 15-, or 30-minute intervals. In
      most subjects, this was the case also when the analysis was performed at 60
      minute intervals. These findings demonstrate that intermittency of measurements
      does not limit the accurate assessment of true average BP. Indeed, accurate
      assessment can be achieved at intervals as much as 30 or 60 minutes apart.

PMID- 6826219
TI  - Biochemical and neuroendocrine aspects of hypertension.

PMID- 6826221
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of antihypertensive polar and neutral renomedullary
      lipids.
AB  - Two antihypertensive lipids can be extracted from fresh renal medulla. One is
      polar (the antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid, or APRL) and the other is
      nonpolar (the antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid, or ANRL). APRL and
      ANRL differ in their biologic activities: APRL in bolus intravenous injections
      causes a very rapid decline in the arterial pressure (AP) while ANRL, after a lag
      of 2 minutes, causes a slower decline in AP. APRL increases heart rate and
      sympathetic activity. ANRL decreases heart rate and sympathetic activity. ANRL
      appears to convert to APRL, under certain in vitro circumstances, suggesting that
      the structure of the two molecules is related. ANRL and APRL appear in the renal
      venous effluent after unclipping; biologically, ANRL seems dominant. The renal
      venous effluent of the unclipped isolated kidney lowers the HR and sympathetic
      activity of the normal rat. Unclipping degranulates the renomedullary
      interstitial cells (RIC). The antihypertensive effect of unclipping appears due
      to the secretion of ANRL and APRL by the kidney. It is concluded that ANRL seems
      to be the antihypertensive hormone of the RIC.

PMID- 6826222
TI  - Development of a new strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats homozygous for
      hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the presence of arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) is necessary for the establishment of high blood pressure in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). For this purpose we crossbred SHR of the
      stroke-prone substrain (SHRSP) with rats homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes
      insipidus of the Brattleboro strain (DI) which are unable to synthetize AVP. The
      successful introduction of the DI gene into the SHRSP strain (SHRDI) was
      demonstrated by the following observations: In 10-month-old rats, water intake
      was similarly elevated in SHRDI as in DI rats (137 +/- 6.5 vs 125 +/- 10.5 ml per
      24 hours). AVP was undetectable in the plasma, in the hypothalamus, and in the
      pituitary of SHRDI and DI rats. Urine osmolality and urinary concentration of
      sodium and potassium were markedly reduced. SHRDI and DI did not adequately
      concentrate their urine during an 8-hour period of water deprivation, but both
      strains of rats responded well with a fall in urine output and a rise in urine
      osmolality to subcutaneous administration of the non-pressor analog of AVP,
      DDAVP. Mean arterial blood pressure was markedly increased in SHRDI as well as in
      SHRSP (184 +/- 9.7 vs 197 +/- 5.2 mm Hg). Thus, we have developed a new line of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
      From this finding it is concluded that AVP is not essential for the development
      and maintenance of spontaneous hypertension of rats.

PMID- 6826220
TI  - Endothelial mechanism in the vascular action of hydralazine.
AB  - Relaxation of precontracted isolated chains of aortic rings with intact
      endothelium and in those with the endothelium removed was studied in response to
      various antihypertensive vasodilator drugs. Of the drugs tested--nitroprusside,
      nitroglycerin, prazosin, minoxidil, diazoxide and hydralazine--only the vascular
      relaxant effects of hydralazine were found to be dependent, in part, on the
      presence of intact endothelium. The endothelial component of the hydralazine
      response represented a major contribution to the net relaxant effect on the
      vascular smooth muscle, particularly at lower concentrations, 90 nM to 1 microM,
      which are also clinically relevant.

PMID- 6826223
TI  - Plasma and platelet vasopressin in essential hypertension and congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - In this study we found that, in 31 normal subjects, close to 90% of circulating
      arginine vasopressin (AVP), measured by radioimmunoassay, was associated with
      platelets. By using routine methods of centrifugation, which do not completely
      separate platelets, the normal range of plasma vasopressin was higher by twofold
      than the normal range in platelet-free plasma prepared by differential
      centrifugation, which was 1.4 +/- 1.0 sd pg/ml. Platelet vasopressin was 12.9 +/-
      5.7 pg/ml. Patients with congestive heart failure had, on average, an elevated
      platelet-free plasma AVP, as did two patients with thrombocytopenia and one with
      thrombocytosis. Patients with essential hypertension had slightly high levels of
      platelet-free plasma AVP and demonstrated an abnormal inverse relationship
      between platelet-free plasma AVP and serum osmolality. Immunoreactive platelet
      vasopressin was slightly low in patients with essential hypertension and was
      subnormal in patients with congestive heart failure. These studies demonstrate
      that platelets normally present in centrifuged plasma cause an overestimation of
      the plasma vasopressin levels. Until the physiological meaning of plasma and
      platelet-bound AVP is understood, studies of circulating vasopressin should
      probably assess both plasma and platelet AVP levels.

PMID- 6826224
TI  - Hemodynamic and afferent renal nerve responses to intrarenal adenosine in the
      dog.

PMID- 6826225
TI  - Increased vascular sensitivity to angiotensin ii in psychosocial hypertensive
      mice.
AB  - CBA mice develop hypertension when placed in complex population cages that
      facilitate social interactions and competition for territory. After 1 month,
      these mice have normal plasma renin levels, but blockade of converting enzyme
      lowers blood pressure to normal. To test the possibility that this normal-renin
      hypertension is caused by enhanced pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II
      (AII), we examined the effects of AII on hindquarter and renal vasculatures from
      13 hypertensive and 13 normotensive mice. Both vascular beds were pump-perfused
      at a constant flow with plasma substitute. Optimal perfusion flows and basal
      pressures were similar in hindquarter (8 ml/100 g/min; 60 mm Hg) and renal
      vasculatures (130 ml/100 g/min; 50 mm Hg) from normotensive and hypertensive
      mice. Threshold constrictor responses to AII were elicited at a significantly
      lower dose in both vasculatures of hypertensive mice than in those of
      normotensive mice. Maximal pressor responses to AII were greater in the
      hindquarters of hypertensive mice than in those of normotensive mice, but were
      not different in the renal vasculatures of the two groups. Vasoconstrictor
      sensitivity to norepinephrine was also increased in the hindquarters of
      hypertensive mice; however, the changes in threshold and maximal pressor response
      were less than for AII. Responsiveness to norepinephrine in the renal
      vasculatures of hypertensive mice was not different from that in the kidneys of
      normotensive mice. We conclude that the hyperresponsiveness to AII in the
      resistance vessels plays an important role in maintaining elevated blood pressure
      in this psychosocial model of hypertension.

PMID- 6826226
TI  - Urinary free and serum 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone in adrenal regeneration
      hypertension.

PMID- 6826227
TI  - The possible biological role of aldosterone metabolites.
AB  - Following the incubation of aldosterone with microsomes from liver of
      adrenalectomized male rates, a previously unidentified polar neutral metabolite
      of aldosterone, designated "peak A" material, was isolated and purified using
      high pressure liquid chromatography. This peak A material, which contains a
      reduced hydroxylated metabolite of aldosterone, was shown to possess 2% to 3.5%
      of the mineralocorticoid activity relative to aldosterone. When bovine adrenal
      glomerulosa cells were incubated with peak A material (3 and 10 micrograms/ml),
      the binding of 125I-angiotensin II was inhibited by 20% and 36%, respectively.
      The mineralocorticoid activity of the six possible ring A reduced metabolites was
      tested. The 5 alpha-reduced metabolites were more potent than the 5 beta-, and
      the 3 alpha- were more potent than the 3 beta-reduced metabolites. The renal and
      extrarenal transformations of aldosterone to the polar and nonpolar (reduced)
      metabolites and their possible role in the accepted mechanism of action of
      aldosterone is discussed.

PMID- 6826228
TI  - Interactions of mineralocorticoids and pressor agents in vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 6826230
TI  - Storage and turnover of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and heparin in rat
      peritoneal mast cells in vivo.
AB  - The biogenic amines and heparin of rat peritoneal mast cells were labelled in
      vivo by the injection of amine precursors (3H-histidine and 3H-5
      hydroxytryptophan) and 35S-sodium sulfate. Uptake of label was rapid, probably
      reflecting the synthesis of new granule material, but the elimination was slow.
      Half-lives of radiolabelled histamine (23 days) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 25
      days) did not differ statistically from that of heparin (35 days). The slow
      elimination rates suggest that mast cell secretion is of little biological
      significance under normal conditions but are well compatible with the idea that
      mast cell function is related to secretion evoked by appropriate immunological
      stimuli. It further permitted an analysis of the amine storage by repeated
      injections of unlabelled 5-HT. A 15-fold increase in 5-HT content was obtained
      while the total amine content remained constant. The uptake of 5-HT was balanced
      by a reduction of histamine in a molar 1:1 ratio. A displacement of histamine by
      5-HT was further indicated by increased elimination rate of radiolabelled
      histamine in response to 5-HT injections. The results support previous binding
      studies in vitro and indicate that histamine and 5-HT are bound to identical
      storage sites in the mast cell granules.

PMID- 6826229
TI  - Response of venous membrane potentials to calcium blockade in spontaneous
      hypertension.

PMID- 6826231
TI  - Naturally developing antibodies to wheat gliadin fractions and to other cereal
      antigens in rabbits, rats and guinea pigs on normal laboratory diets.
AB  - Rabbits, rats and guinea pigs on normal laboratory diets were examined for
      gliadin and other cereal antibodies comparable to those found in the sera of
      human coeliac patients. Many of the rabbits had very high levels of gliadin
      antibodies. Rats showed much lower titres more comparable to the findings in
      normal human sera. In both these species the reactivity was directed principally
      against the alpha-gliadins. The spectrum of reactivity against the prolamines of
      other cereals was again comparable to that of human coeliac sera. A difference,
      however, was the high reactivity with maize prolamine; this was decidedly lower
      in sera of coeliac patients. Guinea pigs were distinctive in having relatively no
      serum antibodies to wheat gliadin and also minimal reactivity to the albumins,
      globulins and glutenins of wheat. Normal guinea pigs did, however, have
      antibodies to oat and maize prolamines. Following parenteral injection with total
      ethanol-soluble wheat gliadin, guinea pigs developed high-titred antibodies, not
      only to wheat gliadin fractions 1-8 (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadins),
      but also to all the cereal prolamines except those of rice. These investigations
      are steps in the evaluation of the role of circulating gliadin antibodies in
      gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

PMID- 6826232
TI  - Cow's milk protein intolerance in children is connected with impaired
      lymphoblastic responses to mitogens. Preliminary report.
AB  - The lymphoblastic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens were
      analyzed in 36 infants and children aged 1-28 months. The patients had confirmed
      or suspected cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI). Immediately after a positive
      provocation test 12 out of 14 patients with repeatedly confirmed CMPI showed more
      than 30% decrease of their lymphoblastic responses to pokeweed mitogen and
      concanavalin A compared with their initial values. In 10 infants the response to
      phytohemagglutinin was similarly decreased. In 4 out of 12 infants with
      previously confirmed CMPI, but with no reaction at challenge, similar decreases
      were seen to some of the mitogens. In patients with suspected CMPI, but with no
      obvious reaction to the challenge with cow's milk, generally an increase of the
      lymphoblastic responses was seen compared with the initial values.

PMID- 6826233
TI  - Changes of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors
      guinea pig lung sensitized with ovalbumin.
AB  - The effect of immunization of guinea pigs with ovalbumin on the number and
      affinity of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors was
      studied in lung membranes by direct binding techniques using 3H-prazosin, 1-3H
      dihydroalprenolol and 1-3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate. After immunization by
      intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin to guinea pigs, the number and affinity of
      each receptor in sensitized animals were not significantly different from those
      of control animals. Sensitization of guinea pigs by an aerosol exposure with the
      antigen resulted in a decreased number of beta-adrenergic receptor (458 +/- 29
      vs. 687 +/- 56 fmol/mg protein; p less than 0.01), and an increased number of
      alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (36 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein; p less than
      0.01), but no change was observed in the number of muscarinic receptors, as
      compared with control animals. On the other hand, following a prolonged
      sensitization of guinea pigs with a low dose of the aerosolized antigen, the
      number of muscarinic receptors was significantly increased in the lung of
      sensitized animals (50 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein; p less than 0.01);
      however, we found no significant differences between sensitized and normal
      animals in the number of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors. There were no
      different changes in the affinity of these receptors in all experiments.

PMID- 6826234
TI  - Physicochemical properties and blood clearance of human serum albumin conjugated
      to different extents with dinitrophenyl groups.
AB  - Human serum albumin (HSA) conjugated to various extents with dinitrophenyl (DNP)
      groups and labelled with 125I was studied with regard to physicochemical
      properties and blood clearance after intravenous injection in mice. Increasing
      the degree of DNP conjugation increased the tendency to hydrophobic interaction,
      and increased the net negative charge. Heavily DNP-substituted HSA molecules
      tended to aggregate. The higher the degree of DNP substitution the faster was the
      conjugate eliminated from the circulation. Blood clearance was independent of
      serum complement, and was not affected by galactose, N-acetylglucosamine,
      mannose, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, or fucose. It is proposed that the differences
      in blood clearance between the different DNP-HSA conjugates mainly depend upon
      differences in the tendency to hydrophobic interaction.

PMID- 6826235
TI  - Biosynthesis and release of platelet-activating factor from human monocytes.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathways of platelet
      activating factor (PAF) production and release from human monocytes. For this
      purpose, both phagocytic stimuli and stimuli induced by soluble agents were used.
      The phagocytic stimuli exerted their effect in a receptor-specific mechanism
      related to surface Fc, C3b and C3d receptors. Stimuli induced by soluble agents,
      such as A23187 and pH 10.6, which do not require interaction with specific
      receptors, were also effective in inducing PAF release. In contrast, C5a, a
      soluble agent which induces a receptor-mediated release of PAF from neutrophils,
      failed to induce PAF release from monocytes. PAF release from monocytes could be
      dissociated from phagocytosis and from release of lysozyme. The PAF release
      required the presence of extracellular cations, the activation of membrane
      esterase and phospholipase A2 and the integrity of the microfilament system.
      Moreover, PAF release was modulated by lipoxygenase and intracellular cAMP
      levels. The relevance of an acetylation process in the biosynthesis of PAF was
      suggested by the increase of PAF yields in the presence of sodium acetate and by
      the incorporation of 14C-sodium acetate into molecules of active PAF.

PMID- 6826236
TI  - Mechanism of BCG-activated macrophage-induced tumor cell cytotoxicity: evidence
      for both oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms.
AB  - Activated peritoneal macrophages have been shown to be cytotoxic to cancer cells.
      Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-activated rat peritoneal macrophages have a basal
      cytolytic potential for 3H-thymidine-labelled Walker 256 cancer cells in vitro
      that can be markedly enhanced by digitonin. This stimulation of cytotoxicity can
      be partially inhibited by catalase and the combination of superoxide dismutase
      plus catalase. This suggests that digitonin stimulates activated macrophages to
      produce superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and possibly other free radicals which can
      augment macrophage-induced tumor cell cytotoxicity. After a 2-hour incubation
      with digitonin, macrophages are no longer stimulated by digitonin. However, after
      a 2-hour drug preincubation period, inhibitors of serine protease activity (DFP,
      TLCK, SBTI) and inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) are potent
      inhibitors of basal macrophage-induced tumor cytotoxicity. We suggest that BCG
      activated macrophages have two mechanisms for destroying cancer cells: one
      mediated by proteolytic activity, and a second mechanism dependent on the
      generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.

PMID- 6826237
TI  - Conditions for the enhancing effect of protease inhibitors on the concanavalin A
      induced thymidine response of murine lymphocytes.
AB  - Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine - [3H]-TdR - into concanavalin A (Con A)
      stimulated murine splenocytes and thymocytes was found to be enhanced by addition
      of certain concentrations of phenyl-methylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), di
      isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl-L-chloromethylketone
      (TLCK), and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). No enhancement could be observed
      when mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood were used, and a medium
      enhancement when thymocytes were applied. Furthermore, no enhancing effect of the
      protease inhibitors (PI) on the Con A response of murine splenocytes could be
      observed within the first 24 h of the culturing period. DFP, PMSF, and TLCK
      enhanced the Con A response to a similar degree, whereas SBTI was less effective.
      DFP and SBTI proved to be also effective when they were added after 15-24 h to
      the Con A cultures, if the cultures were harvested 48 h later. Removal of
      adherent and phagocytic spleen cells or reduction of the concentration of spleen
      cells shifted the effective DFP concentration to lower concentrations, whereas
      addition of adherent spleen cells caused a shift of the enhancing DFP amounts to
      higher concentrations. The data presented suggest that the enhancing effect of PI
      on the T cell response depends on the concentration of PI, the time of culturing
      and incubation, the PI used, the origin of the stimulated cells, and especially
      on the number of adherent and phagocytic cells. These findings might explain - at
      least in part - the different results on the effect of PI on the T cell response
      obtained in the past.

PMID- 6826240
TI  - Pulsatile cardiovascular computer model for teaching.

PMID- 6826239
TI  - Insulin delivery control systems for diabetics.

PMID- 6826238
TI  - Distribution of IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-positive cells in lymphatic organs of normo-
      and dysgammaglobulinemic UM-B19 chickens.
AB  - Lymphatic organs of normo- and dysgammaglobulinemic chickens were studied by
      immunohistochemical methods concerning IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-positive cells. IgM-
      and IgA-positive lymphocytes and plasmacytic cells are similarly distributed in
      dys- and normogammaglobulinemic chickens. Follicles of the bursa of Fabricius
      contain cortical lymphocytes weakly and medullar lymphocytes distinctly stained
      by anti-IgM, as well as some larger irregularly shaped cells with intensely
      labeled cytoplasm. In spleen, periellipsoid lymphocytes, some red pulp
      lymphocytes, and varying numbers of plasmacytic cells are also distinctly labeled
      by anti-IgM. IgA-positive lymphocytes are not present in the bursa of Fabricius,
      but the bursal medulla is populated by some irregular, mostly longish cells with
      cytoplasmic IgA reaction. Spleen contains a few IgA-labeled lymphocytes and
      plasmacytic cells. The only difference between normo- and dysgammaglobulinemic
      chickens is found in IgG-positive cells, which are absent in permanently
      dysgammaglobulinemic chickens. The results from dysgammaglobulinemic chickens
      show that IgA can also be produced in untreated chickens lacking IgG synthesis
      and suggest that the theory of an IgM leads to IgG leads to IgA sequence is
      unlikely.

PMID- 6826241
TI  - [Analysis of the criteria of choice of hospital materials and technologies].
AB  - Decision-making in hospital, when a biomedical instrumentation investment has to
      be decided, is not simple because of the large amount of criteria which should be
      considered. To show the most important criteria in decision-making, their
      respective weight and their interdependencies, we used multi-dimensional analysis
      methods. A quasi-exhaustive list of criteria has been constructed and sent to all
      the heads of medical departments, the directors and the clinical engineers of the
      French university hospitals, in order to obtain their appreciation of the
      influence of these criteria in their own decision-making experience. The
      application of factorial analysis methods to the answers gives two main results.
      There is no characteristic behaviour of professional groups, such as engineers,
      directors, surgeons, radiologist, etc.... A list of 21 criteria, which are the
      most influential in decision-making, can be identified. This result will be
      emphasized in order to develop a tool which allows one to measure the adequacy of
      a biomedical instrument that shows a clinical need.

PMID- 6826242
TI  - Simulation of a sprinter. Part I. Development of a model.
AB  - The two horizontal forces acting on a sprinter are ground reaction driving him
      forward and air resistance impeding him. The driving force starts off at a
      maximum value but decreases with increase in velocity, whereas the resisting
      force varies as the square of velocity. Mathematical models of these two forces
      have been incorporated in Newton's Second Law to yield a second order nonlinear
      differential equation to describe the sprinter's motion. This equation may be
      numerically integrated, and validation of the model has shown there is good
      agreement between theory and experimental data. The model may be used to
      characterise a runner's performance (a so-called 'sprint profile'), to pinpoint
      his strengths and/or weaknesses, and to predict what his time might be for a
      particular distance if he were able to maintain maximum velocity.

PMID- 6826243
TI  - Quantitative measurement of human colonic electrical activity by a micro
      computerized system.
AB  - This paper describes a rapid and reproducible technique for the quantitative
      analysis of colonic myoelectrical activity in man. The analysis of EMG signals
      from the left colon was performed upon 4-channel tape records and consisted of
      the recognition of the different kinds of spike bursts and the separate
      measurement of their total duration and number. These values are established and
      printed for successive 5-min periods. For each channel the printing program gives
      a histogram of the duration of each kind of spike bursts for 5-min periods during
      4-6 h. This program has been tested for a series of comparative measurements
      before and after a meal in healthy man.

PMID- 6826244
TI  - Pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (alpha 2 PAG) synthesis by human breast
      cancer tissue and cultured cell lines.

PMID- 6826245
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of prostatic acid phosphatase: validation and clinical
      application.

PMID- 6826246
TI  - Transformation-enhancing activity in plasma of tumor patients: relationship with
      fibronectin fragments.

PMID- 6826247
TI  - Monoclonal antibody UJ 127:11 detects a 220,000-240,000 kdal. glycoprotein
      present on a sub-set of neuroectodermally derived cells.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody UJ 127-11 was raised following immunization of mice with
      human foetal brain and subsequent somatic cell hybridization of spleen cells with
      the mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag8-653. Studies on normal foetal and adult
      tissues show that, by indirect immunofluorescence, the antigen recognized by UJ
      127:11 is restricted in its expression to cells of neural rather than glial
      origin. Neural tumours such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and ganglioglioma
      (neural component) bind the monoclonal antibody whereas malignancies originating
      from glial cells do not bind UJ 127:11. Biochemically the monoclonal antibody has
      been shown to bind to a glycoprotein of 220,000-240,000 mol. wt. under reducing
      and non-reducing conditions. Despite similarities in the molecular weight between
      human fibronectin and the antigen recognized by UJ 127:11, they have different
      serological and biochemical characteristics, suggesting that the monoclonal
      antibody is not binding to either cell or plasma fibronectin.

PMID- 6826248
TI  - Precision in the first stage of the gastric carcinoma mass survey.
AB  - A new method of estimating false-negative rate (FNR) in gastric carcinoma mass
      surveys is reported. It is called the "ADC method", since estimation of FNR is
      based on "Accidentally Detected Carcinoma". ADC is a carcinoma detected by chance
      upon close examination because of abnormalities falsely pointed out in the first
      stage of the mass survey (mass screening) in a region other than the one in which
      carcinoma is located. This method was tested in the gastric carcinoma mass survey
      program conducted by the Hokkaido Anti-cancer Association. Overall FNR was
      estimated at 28.3%. The FNRs estimated by the ADC method appear more reasonable
      and reliable indicators of precision of the mass survey program. The ADC method
      is discussed in comparison with the previously used "follow-up study" and several
      advantages of this new method are presented.

PMID- 6826249
TI  - Clinical significance of circulating immune complexes in patients with metastatic
      breast cancer.
AB  - Serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) were repeatedly measured by means of the
      CIq binding assay (Cba) and the Raji cell assay (Rca) in 158 patients with
      metastatic breast cancer (mbc). Frequency of occurrence and levels of CIC were
      only slightly increased in mbc when compared to age-matched healthy women. They
      were identical to those of patients with localized breast cancer prior to
      mastectomy and to those of post mastectomy patients without evidence of recurrent
      disease. In mbc the results of the Cba and the Rca showed a poor correlation,
      whereas in a control group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis both tests
      showed significantly elevated levels of CIC. Patients with mbc were followed up
      clinically and biochemically by serially measuring CIC for an average of 10
      months. Patients with positive CIC did not prove to be an unfavorable group
      regarding progression of disease and response to chemotherapy. When CEA and CIC
      levels were compared, CIC, unlike CEA, was a poor tumor marker. In conclusion,
      CIC as measured by CIq binding assay and Raji cell assay are not clinically
      significant tumor markers or prognostic indicators in patients with metastatic
      breast cancer.

PMID- 6826250
TI  - Seasonal variation in the junctional component of pigmented naevi.
AB  - From an assessment of the presence of a junctional component in 8,380 pigmented
      naevi, and histological review of its extent and the presence of inflammation and
      regression in a sample of 216 junctional and compound naevi, it was determined
      that naevi excised in summer were more likely to have a junctional component and
      evidence of inflammatory response than those excised in winter. It is suggested
      that a short-term promotional effect of sunlight on cells in the junctional zone
      of pigmented naevi may, in addition to increased case ascertainment in summer,
      explain reported seasonal variation in the incidence of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6826251
TI  - Immunodepression by the oncogen does not determine the relationship between tumor
      latency and immunogenicity.

PMID- 6826252
TI  - Effects of several species of human leukocyte interferon on cytotoxic activity of
      NK cells and monocytes.
AB  - Ten species of purified human leukocyte interferon were tested for their ability
      to modulate the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and the cytolytic
      and cytostatic activities of monocytes. The interferon species were tested at
      several antiviral titers and examined for quantitative differences in their
      ability to modulate immunological function. At the higher doses of interferon
      (i.e., greater than 500 units) all of the interferon species demonstrated
      significant augmentation of cytolysis and cytostasis. However, when low levels
      (i.e., 10-50 units) of interferon were employed, appreciable differences between
      the various interferon species were seen. A similar pattern of relative potency
      among the various species of pure leukocyte interferon was seen for augmentation
      of cytolysis by monocytes and NK cells. In contrast, a different pattern of
      relative potency was observed for augmentation of cytostasis. These results
      demonstrated substantial quantitative differences (as much as 100-fold) in the
      ability of the various species of human leukocyte interferon to induce
      significant levels of augmentation of these cell-mediated functions. Such results
      should have significant impact in choosing a specific interferon species for
      appropriate clinical trials.

PMID- 6826253
TI  - Induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens by corticosteroids: inhibition by
      TPA and retinoic acid.
AB  - Corticosteroids can induce the synthesis of EBV antigens in the Burkitt lymphoma
      line Daudi. As early as 12 h after application of the drug, an increase of EA
      positive cells can be seen, the maximum induction being reached after 2 days.
      Nanogram amounts per ml of hormone are sufficient for measurable effects. Early
      antigen induction by corticosteroids does not require replication of viral DNA.
      Induction by corticosteroid differs from induction by other systems in two major
      respects: (1) it does not cooperate with other inducers, and (2) it is
      specifically inhibited by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Induction
      by corticosteroids, however, shares at least one retinoic acid-sensitive step
      with induction by chemicals such as TPA, 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), n-butyric
      acid (n-BA) or inducing serum factor. This study defines three qualitatively
      different effects of TPA in Daudi cells: an inhibitory effect on EBV induction by
      corticosteroids and two differential types of synergistic effects with serum
      factor or n-BA, respectively. In this particular cell line, TPA exhibits no
      inducing capacity when applied alone.

PMID- 6826255
TI  - Quantitating the synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol consumption with the
      micronucleus test on human buccal mucosa cells.
AB  - The micronucleus test was applied to exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa of
      four population groups: (A) non-smokers and non-drinkers of alcoholic beverages,
      (B) non-smokers but alcohol drinkers, (C) smokers but non-drinkers, and (D)
      smokers and drinkers. An elevated frequency of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells
      was observed only in group D (smokers and alcohol drinkers). When group D was
      subdivided according to the number of cigarettes smoked, the frequency of
      micronucleated buccal cells and the average number of micronuclei per cell
      appeared to depend upon cigarette consumption. An approximately eight-fold
      increase of micronucleated mucosa cells was seen among alcohol drinkers who
      smoked three or more packs of cigarettes per day, and an approximately 4.2-fold
      elevation was observed when one to two packs were consumed. Neither smoking alone
      of up to and over 60 cigarettes per day nor ethanol drinking alone of up to 1.21
      per day led to a detectable elevation of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells.
      Whether the strong synergistic effect between smoking and alcohol consumption, as
      seen by the frequency of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells, is related to their
      synergistic effect in the induction of oral cancers is an intriguing but open
      question.

PMID- 6826254
TI  - Lectins as probes for identification of tumor-associated antigens on urothelial
      and colonic carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - In the search for tumor-associated antigens, seven lectins were used to
      investigate the cellular distribution of membrane-associated glycoproteins on a
      panel of human cells derived from tumor or normal tissues. Surface labelled
      lysates of the different cells were precipitated with the lectins and the
      precipitates were separated on SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the autoradiographic
      patterns revealed that a La-reactive 115K glycopeptide (gp 115) was present on
      transitional-cell carcinoma cells of the urinary bladder, on two spontaneously
      transformed urothelial cell lines and on a melanoma cell line. Gp 115 was absent
      from a non-transformed urothelial cell line, a squamous bladder carcinoma line
      and five unrelated cell lines of miscellaneous tissue origin. When precipitation
      was performed with a rabbit antiserum raised against the La-reactive components
      of a TCC cell line the same distribution of gp 115 was observed. From Helix
      pomatia hemagglutinin (HP) precipitates a 150K glycopolypeptide co-migrating with
      a previously described HP-reactive differentiation antigen associated with human
      T cells was present on one of the urothelial cell lines and on a colon carcinoma
      cell line. When different extracts depleted of ConA binding glycopeptides were
      compared, a group of three antigens (32K, 35K and 40K) were identified in the
      extracts of the colon carcinoma cell line, HT29. These antigens were shared by
      two other colon carcinoma cell lines but were absent from the unrelated cells of
      our panel. Furthermore, an extensively absorbed rabbit anti-HT29 serum
      specifically precipitated one of these antigens (35K) from the three colon cell
      lines.

PMID- 6826256
TI  - Cloned lines of SJL/J spleen cells with cytotoxic reactivity.
AB  - Cultures of spleen cells from normal SJL/J mice were initiated and maintained in
      the presence of lectin-free interleukin-2 (IL-2). After about 8 weeks in culture,
      the frequency of progenitors of proliferative cells became quite high (1/8-1/10)
      and it was possible to obtain many clones by the limiting dilution technique.
      Some of the clones had high levels of cytotoxic reactivity against tumor target
      cells, even at low effector:target ratios, indicating that natural effector cells
      from this low-NK-reactive strain have the capability of expressing potent lytic
      effects. There was considerable heterogeneity among the clones in their patterns
      of cytotoxic activity, morphology and expression of T-cell-associated antigens.
      Although the overall pattern of reactivity resembled that of NK cells, some
      clones reacted against an anchorage-dependent lung cancer cell line, M109,
      without detectable effects against the other target cells tested, including the
      highly NK-susceptible lymphoma cell line, YAC-1. The pattern of cytotoxic
      reactivity by the clones did not correlate with the morphological appearance of
      large granular lymphocytes (LGL), which has been highly associated with NK
      activity of fresh, uncultured lymphoid cells.

PMID- 6826259
TI  - Values of adolescent drug abusers.
AB  - Values of adolescent drug abusers are measured with the Rokeach Value Survey and
      compared with the values of the parents and peers of drug abusers. Relatively few
      significant differences are found between groups, and there is a marked level of
      concordance between pairs of groups: .86 to .96. There is, however, a relatively
      low level of agreement within groups (.16 to .36), and the suggestion is made
      that focusing on the differences between value systems of users and their
      significant others may be of limited programmatic utility.

PMID- 6826258
TI  - Drug misuse intervention: the existence of the fallacy of misplaced reification
      and chemical deification.

PMID- 6826260
TI  - Development of a competency-based training curriculum for substance abuse
      counselors in Alaska.
AB  - The development of a comprehensive competency-based substance abuse curriculum is
      reviewed and described. The curriculum, which is designed to help persons to
      further their understanding of alcohol and drug abuse, and/or to help strengthen
      counseling skills, can be adopted to meet a wide variety of delivery methods. The
      curriculum, which can be delivered at a university or within a treatment setting,
      offers a flexible and innovative way of providing substance abuse training to
      alcohol and drug workers and to those in health and health-related professions.

PMID- 6826257
TI  - Selective inhibition by monosaccharides of tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated by
      mouse macrophages, macrophage-like cell lines, and natural killer cells.
AB  - A series of monosaccharides were tested for their ability to inhibit the effector
      phase of macrophage-mediated cytolysis against two susceptible murine tumor
      target cells, L5178Y and RL male I. Two monosaccharides, D-mannose and N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine, were found to decrease cytotoxicity consistently in a dose
      dependent manner. However, D-mannose preferentially inhibited lysis of RL male I
      target cells with little effect on lysis of L5178Y target cells, while the
      reverse was found with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Neither monosaccharide
      interfered with the activation of macrophages by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid.
      Natural killer cell activity was decreased by a 25 mM concentration of D-mannose
      but not by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, although increasing concentrations of N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine were inhibitory. Neither monosaccharide affected
      cytotoxicity by alloimmune T cells. Cytotoxicity of macrophage-like cell lines
      against tumor target cells was also decreased by monosaccharides but the pattern
      of inhibition was different from that seen with activated macrophage effector
      cells. Both D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibited glucose oxidation by
      activated macrophages but only D-mannose significantly decreased protein
      synthesis of activated macrophages. These results indicate that monosaccharides
      can inhibit macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in a selective manner with the
      pattern dependent on the tumor target cell used in the assay.

PMID- 6826261
TI  - Sex differences in alcohol-related disease at a county hospital.
AB  - A retrospective study of alcohol-related disease at a county hospital is
      reported. Fifteen percent of patients had an alcohol-related primary diagnosis,
      and 38% were found to have at least one alcohol-related diagnosis. Women made up
      19% of the patients with all alcohol-related diagnoses, but they constituted 35%
      of those with cirrhosis of the liver and 50% of the patients with hepatic
      encephalopathy and hepatic failure. Only 6% of the patients diagnosed as having
      alcohol withdrawal syndrome were women.

PMID- 6826262
TI  - Drug abuse, the U.S. Army Europe: women and substance abuse.
AB  - Although numerous statistics on drug and alcohol abuse are kept by the U.S. Army
      Europe, several areas have not been studied. The authors obtained information on
      both current and past drug and alcohol use patterns from 96 female soldiers
      stationed at several locations in Germany. Results were compared to studies in
      the literature citing female use. Female soldiers showed use rates that were
      comparable or lower than those of civilian populations except for a slightly
      higher percentage who had "ever used" narcotics. Several explanations for the
      marked differences in relative male and female use in the military are discussed,
      with suggestions for future research.

PMID- 6826263
TI  - Incidental orienting tasks and the recall performance of acutely intoxicated
      subjects.
AB  - An incidental-learning paradigm employing a semantic and phonetic orienting task
      was used to determine whether poor recall performance by intoxicated subjects is
      due to a storage deficit resulting from a superficial analysis of the presented
      materials. Forty-eight male, heavy social drinkers served as subjects. Both
      recall and latency measures closely replicated past research using similar
      orienting tasks. Intoxicated subjects did not differ significantly from sober
      subjects in the speed or accuracy with which they answered the orienting
      questions. Despite the apparent similarity in processing, intoxicated subjects
      consistently recalled fewer words. It was tentatively suggested that alcohol
      induced retention deficits may be due to a reduction in breadth rather than depth
      of processing.

PMID- 6826264
TI  - Social research/substance abuse.

PMID- 6826265
TI  - Attitudes of military medical officers toward the use of drug substances.
AB  - During the fall of 1979 three social work officers surveyed the entire enrollment
      of the advanced Army Medical Department (AMEDD) officer career course. The
      enrollees represented a wide range of medical specialties and years of military
      experience. Two questions were posed: Do medical officers enter service with
      conservative attitudes toward drug and alcohol substance use, or is their
      conservatism a product of having worked in the military system for years? And to
      what extent is the Stoessel Drug Attitude Inventory a reliable and valid
      instrument for application within this military population? This study reports
      the responses of 64 Army Medical Department officers to 25 items. No meaningful
      differences were found with respect to scale scores for the basic groups and
      those for the advanced group, and only a single item revealed differences between
      groups at the .05 level of confidence.

PMID- 6826266
TI  - Medical drug use by women: symptoms and change attributions.
AB  - Symptom groups of depression, psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety, and cognitive
      impairment; and attributions of symptom relief to either self or others were
      assessed with 179 French-speaking women who were using psychotropic drugs at
      different rates. Drug consumers reported significantly more often than abstainers
      that symptom relief results from efforts of others. Occasional users reported
      distress levels higher than both regular users and abstainers.

PMID- 6826267
TI  - Sex differences in substance abuse: 1976-1979.
AB  - Drug abuse patterns are examined for 326,611 males and females who abused drugs
      and were treated at a hospital emergency room or died. The data reveal a marked
      percentage difference between male and female mentions of heroin, PCP, and
      diazepam. A significantly larger proportion of females than males indicated their
      motivation for drug abuse to be a suicide attempt or gesture. Diazepam, alcohol
      in-combination, and aspirin are the most frequently mentioned drugs by those
      whose motivation is suicidal. However, the percentage difference between males
      and females for these three drugs is less than 6%. The data were collected during
      the years 1976-1979.

PMID- 6826268
TI  - Drug "overdoses" among U.S. soldiers in Europe, 1978-1979. I. Demographics and
      toxicology.
AB  - The files of the Casualty Branch of the Military Personnel Center, Europe,
      Seventh Medical Command, and of the U.S. Army's Tenth Medical Lab were used to
      examine the epidemiology of "overdose" deaths of U.S. Army soldiers in Europe
      during the calendar years 1978 and 1979. A total of 91 cases were so identified;
      i.e., death was the direct result of injection, inhalation, or ingestion of an
      intoxicant, legal or illegal. Not included were deaths caused by trauma or
      drowning while intoxicated, deaths from disease secondary to chronic drug or
      alcohol abuse, and deaths due to chemicals not widely viewed as intoxicants. The
      monthly distribution of cases showed a spring peak similar to that reported by
      several studies of U.S. civilian drug deaths. No such similarity was apparent in
      terms of victim characteristics and circumstances, with soldier victims being
      nearly always male, equally often White as Black, 20-24 years old, very rarely
      suicides, and nearly always using heroin and/or alcohol. "Control" data from
      circumscribed subgroups of nonvictim European soldiers, however, show that
      victims did not differ markedly from the junior enlisted population from which
      they came, as least on the variables generally available in personnel and medical
      records.

PMID- 6826269
TI  - The role of coercion in rehabilitation of drug abusers.
AB  - The impact of coercion in rehabilitation of drug abusers was examined in a 1979
      study of a population of drug abusers in treatment programs in South Jersey. The
      experimental group consisted of patients in treatment through the TASC program,
      while the control group was made up of patients who had voluntarily committed
      themselves to treatment. A validated interview schedule was utilized for both
      coerced and noncoerced groups. Data analysis utilized analysis of contingency
      tables involving chi 2 tests of significance and Pearsons Correlation
      Coefficients, as well as one-way and two-way analyses of variance. This study
      found that coercion facilitates success for certain population groups (e.g.,
      older, longer-term heroin addicts), only by certain criteria (e.g., arrest and
      abstinence) for certain treatment settings (e.g., drug-free vs methadone
      maintenance programs). Confirmation of the maturing-out process with regard to
      treatment of heroin addicts was also noted. Based on study findings and
      literature review, a number of policy-related recommendations are made.

PMID- 6826270
TI  - Drug dependence, who gets treated?
AB  - Despite the fact that decisions about whether or not to admit patients to
      inpatient facilities are often made on the basis of "clinical judgment," there is
      little evidence to support the validity of this process. The present study
      investigates the ability of the staff at a London drug clinic to predict how
      addicts would behave after admission to an inpatient treatment unit, and the
      bases upon which decisions were reached. The results indicate that predictions on
      almost all measures of future behavior showed very little interrater reliability,
      and there was no way of knowing in advance who would do well and who would do
      badly. The predictions were not random guesses; they reflected "implicit
      theories" held by each rater about the sort of factors that they believed to
      operate in such circumstances. Some implications of these findings for the
      treatment of addicts are discussed.

PMID- 6826271
TI  - Patients' perceptions of curative factors in short-term group psychotherapy.

PMID- 6826272
TI  - On fusion and individuation processes in small groups.

PMID- 6826273
TI  - The dream in psychoanalytic group therapy.

PMID- 6826274
TI  - Clinical assessment of group and defensive aspects of rumor.

PMID- 6826276
TI  - Identity group therapy: a transitional group for hospitalized adolescents.

PMID- 6826275
TI  - Group therapy for parents of delinquent children.

PMID- 6826277
TI  - Carbonyldiimidazole/1-hydroxybenzotriazole activation in polymer phase synthesis
      of the arginine rich proalbumin hexapeptide extension.
AB  - The synthesis on different polymer phases of Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg, the
      proalbumin extension, is reported. The peptide was prepared both on a 0.5% cross
      linked polystyrene gel containing 2-oxoethyl bromide anchor functions and on a 1%
      cross-linked chloromethyl polystyrene. For temporary blocking of the amino groups
      we utilized the 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) propyl-(2)-oxycarbonyl (Ddz). The
      guanidino groups of the three arginine moieties were protected by the 4
      toluenesulfonyl (Tos) group. As coupling procedure we used 1 equiv.
      carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)/2 equiv. 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). The C-terminal
      activation of the Ddz-amino acids with CDI/HOBt made it possible to recover the
      excess Ddz-amino acids in 60-80% yield. We also investigated different procedures
      to cleave the 2-oxoethyl ester bond between the peptide and the polymer. This
      bond was completely stable against trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and was split by
      1 N triethylamine in methanol/dioxane 1:1 (v/v) + 1 vol% 1 N NaOH. The optical
      rotation and HPLC properties of Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg from this synthesis are
      identical to the product from a different synthesis published earlier.

PMID- 6826278
TI  - Cyclic peptides. XIII. Asymmetric synthesis of aromatic L-alpha-amino acids
      through hydrogenation of cyclic dehydrodipeptides.
AB  - Four cyclic dehydrodipeptides, cyclo (-delta aminoacyl-L-Ala-), in which
      aminoacyl is Phe, Apb (2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid), App (2-amino-5
      phenylpentanoic acid) and Aph (2-amino-6-phenylhexanoic acid), were prepared by
      condensation of cyclo (-N-Ac-Gly-N-Ac-L-Ala-) with the corresponding aldehydes.
      Among them, the yield of cyclo (-delta Apb-L-Ala-) was exceptionally low. Each
      compound was hydrogenated in the presence of Pd black at various temperatures and
      chiral induction in hydrogenation was evaluated. Low chiral induction at high
      temperature (50 degrees) was observed in the case of cyclo (-delta Phe-L-Ala-).
      Optically pure L-Apb, L-App and L-Aph were obtained from the corresponding cyclic
      dehydrodipeptides, respectively, by hydrogenation and subsequent acid hydrolysis.

PMID- 6826279
TI  - Pharmacological, conformational and dynamic properties of cycloleucine-2
      analogues of oxytocin and [1-penicillamine]oxytocin.
AB  - The solid phase syntheses of [2-cycloleucine] oxytocin and [1-penicillamine, 2
      cycloleucine] oxytocin are reported. [1-Penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin
      is an oxytocin antagonist exhibiting no in vitro oxytocic activity. In the in
      vitro oxytocic assay, [1-penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin has a pA2 value
      of 6.70 +/- 0.08. [2-Cycloleucine]-oxytocin is a full oxytocin agonist exhibiting
      4.9 +/- 0.5 U/mg of oxytocic activity. Neither compound possesses any measurable
      agonist or antagonist activity in the rat pressor assay. Carbon-13 nuclear
      magnetic resonance chemical shift parameters and spin-lattice relaxation times
      (T1) of the antagonist, [1-penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin, indicate that
      the antagonist exhibits similar conformational and dynamic properties as other
      oxytocin inhibitors previously studied. The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance
      shift parameters and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the oxytocin agonist,
      [2-cycloleucine] oxytocin, indicate that the agonist exhibits similar
      conformational and dynamic properties as oxytocin. These results are discussed in
      terms of the different receptor requirements for agonist and antagonist
      activities. It appears that there are different structural and conformational
      requirements at the 2-position for oxytocic agonist and antagonist activities.

PMID- 6826280
TI  - Analogs of phalloidin. D-Abu2-Lys7-phalloin, an F-actin binding analog, its
      rhodamine conjugate (RLP) a novel fluorescent F-actin-probe, and D-Ala2-Leu7
      phalloin, an inert peptide.
AB  - The analogs [D-Abu2-Lys7]-phalloin (1) and [D-Ala2-Leu7]-phalloin (2) are
      obtained by cyclization of the monocyclic thioether peptides 5 and 7 with DCCI
      and diphenylphosphoro-azidate respectively. For the synthesis of 5 and 7 an
      intramolecular Savige-Fontana reaction of the linear heptapeptide tert.
      butylesters 4 and 6 is applied. On treatment in dilute solution with TFA the
      classically synthesized peptides 4 and 6 lose their N-terminal Boc groups thus
      giving rise to the reaction of the Hpi residues with the released cysteine SH
      groups. The lysine analog 1 binds to F-actin with an association constant of 1.3
      X 10(-6) M whereas analog 2 exhibits practically no affinity. By reaction of 1
      with tetramethyl-rhodaminyl-isothiocyanate a fluorescent derivative, rhodaminyl
      lysine-phallotoxin (RLP), is obtained as a novel fluorescent probe for the
      visualization of F-actin in cell preparations.

PMID- 6826281
TI  - Conformational studies of cyclic tetrapeptides. Evidence for a bis gamma-turn
      conformation for chlamydocin and Ala4-chlamydocin in nonpolar solvents.
AB  - The conformations of chlamydocin and cyclo (Ala-Aib-Phe-D-Pro) (Ala4-chlamydocin)
      in chloroform have been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and
      circular dichroism spectroscopy. The data obtained from these experiments
      establish an all transoid, bis gamma-turn conformation for both compounds in
      chloroform with the following torsional angles (+/- 20 degrees): Ala4
      chlamydocin: Aib, phi + 60 degrees, psi - 50 degrees; omega + 160 degrees; Phe
      phi - 120 degrees, psi + 120 degrees, omega - 160 degrees; D-Pro phi + 60
      degrees, psi - 55 degrees, omega + 160 degrees; Ala phi - 110 degrees, psi + 110
      degrees, omega - 160 degrees. Chlamydocin adopts a closely related conformation
      in neat chloroform. Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) data are utilized to assign
      amide bond geometries in the cyclic tetrapeptide ring system.

PMID- 6826283
TI  - SN 1 and SN 2 mechanisms for the deprotection of synthetic peptides by hydrogen
      fluoride. Studies to minimize the tyrosine alkylation side reaction.
AB  - Studies on the side reaction leading to ring alkylation during HF deprotection of
      tyrosine revealed that under SN 1 conditions the formation of by-product can be
      reduced by using protecting groups that either provide only weakly electrophilic
      carbocations or give rise to an intermediate that deactivates the tyrosine ring
      and allows scavengers to suppress the formation of 3-alkyltyrosine. The
      effectiveness of the scavenger can be qualitatively predicted by its pKa value. A
      new reagent (HF: dimethylsulfide, 1:3, v/v) provides an SN2 cleavage mechanism
      that removes the danger of carbocation formation and suppresses the electrophilic
      alkylation side reaction.

PMID- 6826284
TI  - Minimum information content and formation of interacting ribonuclease fragment
      complexes.
AB  - The degree to which amino acid sequence can be simplified with retention of
      conformational and functional properties has been investigated by semisynthesis
      using non-covalent fragment complexes of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease as test
      cases. Based on the ribonuclease S system, a set of synthetic model sequences was
      defined for the S-peptide (1-20) region which interacted productively with native
      S-protein (21-124). The most simple sequence, an eicosapeptide containing helix
      favoring Ala residues at all positions except Glu 1 and 14, Phe 8, His 12, and
      Met 13, effected at least 15% of ribonuclease catalytic activity (versus native
      ribonuclease S) when added to S-protein in saturating amounts. The data for model
      S-peptides define an alpha-helical framework and specific side chains at
      positions 8, 12, and 13 as the core of sequence information necessary for S
      peptide to effect a productive non-covalent complex with S-protein. Previous
      ribonuclease fragment studies also were used as a basis for making the
      productive, non-overlapping complex, (1-15):(21-111):(116-124). Addition of
      synthetic (1-15) and (116-124) to (21-111) led to a 3 degrees increase in Tm and
      4% (versus ribonuclease A) catalytic activity. The three-fragment complex, with
      the beta-bend residues 112-115 deleted, exhibited significantly lower stability
      to thermal denaturation than did related two-fragment complexes. The potential
      use of three-fragment complexes related to the above is discussed for semi
      synthetic sequence modeling concomitantly in the N- and C-terminal regions of
      ribonuclease.

PMID- 6826282
TI  - Domain characteristics of the cyanogen bromide fragment 121-316 of thermolysin.
AB  - The molecule of thermolysin was shown by X-ray crystallography to be composed of
      two structural domains of equal size comprising residues 1-157 and 158-316. In
      order to explore the possibility that these domains correspond to globular
      fragments able to refold autonomously, we have investigated the conformational
      and stability properties of fragment 121-316, which was obtained by limited
      chemical cleavage of thermolysin with cyanogen bromide. As judged by far
      ultraviolet circular dichroism measurements, in aqueous solution under neutral
      conditions the fragment maintains a relative amount of helical structure which is
      comparable to that exhibited by the corresponding region in native thermolysin.
      The secondary structure attained by the fragment appears remarkably stable to the
      denaturing action of heat. By measuring the temperature dependence of the
      dichroic signal at 220 nm a Tm near 74 degrees was obtained. Immunodiffusion
      analyses indicated that the fragment recognizes and precipitates antibodies
      raised in rabbits using native thermolysin as immunogen. The overall
      conformational and immunochemical data indicate that fragment 121-316 of
      thermolysin is able to refold into a stable structure of native-like
      characteristics independently of the rest of the molecule. The results of this
      study complement those previously reported for fragment 206-316 (Vita, C.,
      Fontana, A., Seeman, J.R. & Chaiken, I.M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3023-3031).

PMID- 6826285
TI  - Approaches to the synthesis of retro-inverso peptides.
AB  - Partial retro-inverso modification of biologically active peptides is described
      as a topochemical alteration of the backbone to prevent enzymatic degradation.
      The preparation of gem-diaminoalkyl residues from peptide amides using the
      reagent [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (TIB) is discussed. Treatment of N-t
      butyloxycarbonyl tyrosine and N-t-butyloxycarbonyl tryptophan with this reagent
      led to decomposition of the protected amino acids. Protecting the tyrosine and
      tryptophan residues by t-butyl ether and Nin-formyl groups, respectively,
      prevented decomposition and led to good yields of the desired products. Racemic 2
      alkylmalonyl diastereomers were found to be separable by HPLC. The chiral
      stability of peptides containing optically active malonyl residues was
      investigated under simulated physiological conditions. Synthetic considerations
      for the incorporation of gem-diaminoalkyl and 2-alkylmalonyl residues into larger
      peptides to yield partially modified retro-inverso peptide analogs are presented.

PMID- 6826286
TI  - Confirmation of the primary structure of thymosin alpha1 by microsequence
      analysis of limited acid and enzymatic hydrolysis fragments.
AB  - The primary structure of the 28-peptide thymosin alpha 1 as determined by
      Goldstein et al. (1) has been confirmed by independent procedures. Limited dilute
      acid digestion generated a 26-peptide and a 22-peptide both extending to the C
      terminal and lacking the N-terminal blocking group. A combination of Edman
      microsequencing, carboxypeptidase Y and thermolysin digestion, and fast atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry was used.

PMID- 6826287
TI  - Penalization in strabismus.
AB  - Penalization includes all those methods apart from total occlusion which disturb
      the central vision of one eye by favouring the other eye. Penalization has a
      sensory action on functional amblyopia; moreover it also has a motor action,
      influencing the non-accommodative element of spasm in esotropia. Optical
      penalization is the most classical method. However, one should also be aware of
      penalization with partial occlusion or fogging, penalization with mydriatics, and
      penalization with sectors, which are very often used in association with the
      classical technique.

PMID- 6826289
TI  - Aspects of sensory adaptation in strabismus.

PMID- 6826288
TI  - Practical usefulness of anomalous binocular vision for the strabismic patient.

PMID- 6826290
TI  - Microtropia.
AB  - Microtropia is an unilateral strabismus of less than 5 degrees, usually with
      harmonious anomalous correspondence. Three forms may be distinguished: Primary
      constant, primary decompensating and consecutive microtropia. In three instances
      microtropia is important for the ophthalmologist: In assessment of amblyopia
      apparently without strabismus, in evaluation of strabismus treatment results and
      in evaluation of hereditary factors in strabismus. Amblyopia is more pronounced
      in cases with anisometropia and eccentric fixation, but usually responds well to
      occlusion treatment. Because of a typical 'reading amblyopia', treatment with
      alternating partial occlusion should be carried out until a child can read
      fluently with each eye. It is estimated that about 1% of general population has a
      microstrabismus. Primary microtropia is probably due to a primary sensorial
      defect, which predisposes to anomalous retinal correspondence. Primary
      microtropia may decompensate into a larger angle. After therapy, not a complete
      parallelism but a consecutive microtropia results.

PMID- 6826293
TI  - Surgery for esotropia.

PMID- 6826292
TI  - Ocular torticollis.

PMID- 6826291
TI  - Ocular nystagmus: some interpretational aspects and methods of treatment.

PMID- 6826294
TI  - Constant or apparently constant congenital esotropia? A survey of 304
      Fadenoperations.
AB  - Cuppers (6) presented the Fadenoperation (Fd) as a splendid tool to correct
      inconstant squint angles by means of an artificial paresis. The author's practice
      shows that many cases of apparently constant congenital esotropia, successfully
      treated by Fd, obviously would be better interpreted as permanently
      overinnervated adduction excess cases. But even a sophisticated view of the
      mechanism of the Fd cannot solve the problem of whether or not a stable basic
      angle really exists in children before the age of five years. The paper, in
      addition, deals with the results of 304 cases of alternating congenital esotropia
      and the author's own techniques.

PMID- 6826295
TI  - Practical management of amblyopia.
AB  - Our knowledge on the mechanism of amblyopia has gained in recent years from
      concerted research efforts in basic science and clinical laboratories. Different
      clinical forms of amblyopia are reviewed and their diagnostic and therapeutic
      significance discussed. In spite of etiologic differences there are
      pathophysiological similarities. The value of the time proven constant occlusion
      treatment of the sound eye remains unchallenged even though minor modifications
      have become necessary to prevent occlusion amblyopia in infants and young
      children. Part-time occlusion and penalization are of ancillary value but cannot
      be considered equal in effectiveness to constant occlusion. Due to increasing
      public awareness there is a trend toward earlier diagnosis and thus successful
      treatment of amblyopia. However, more efforts must be directed toward including
      newborns in visual screening examinations.

PMID- 6826296
TI  - Noninfectious inflammation of the anterior segment.

PMID- 6826297
TI  - Neoplastic causes of anterior segment inflammation.

PMID- 6826298
TI  - Dry eye and tear deficiency.

PMID- 6826299
TI  - Chemical mediators of inflammation.

PMID- 6826300
TI  - Inflammation of the sclera.

PMID- 6826301
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy of ocular inflammation.

PMID- 6826302
TI  - Immunomodulation in ophthalmology.

PMID- 6826304
TI  - Drugs and toxins.

PMID- 6826303
TI  - Allergic disorders of the anterior segment.

PMID- 6826305
TI  - Retinomotor pigment migration in the teleost retinal pigment epithelium. I. Roles
      for actin and microtubules in pigment granule transport and cone movement.
AB  - In lower vertebrates, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors
      undergo dramatic "retinomotor movements" in response to changes in light
      conditions. In the dark, RPE pigment granules aggregate to the (choroidal) base
      of the RPE cells, cones elongate, and rods contract. In the light, movements are
      reversed: pigment granules migrate out into the long apical projections of the
      RPE cells, cones contract, and rods elongate. In this report the time courses of
      dark-induced pigment aggregation and light-induced dispersion have been
      characterized (and compared to cone movements) in the blue stripe grunt, Haemulon
      sciurus. It was found that aggregation and dispersion occur at linear rates of
      3.4-3.5 microns/min and that RPE movements are kinetically independent from cone
      movements induced by the same changes in light conditions. The roles of actin and
      microtubules in RPE and cone movements were also investigated by using the actin
      inhibitors, cytochalasins-B and -D, and the microtubule inhibitor, colchicine.
      Light-induced pigment dispersion, as well as maintenance of the fully dispersed
      (light-adapted) position appear to require actin-dependent processes.
      Intraocularly injected cytochalasins-B and -D fully prevented pigment dispersion
      when administered to dark-adapted animals immediately prior to their exposure to
      light, and caused pigment aggregation to the RPE cell base when administered to
      fully light-adapted animals. Ultrastructural studies showed that actin filaments,
      which in untreated retinas were found closely associated with pigment granules
      and the plasma membrane, were disrupted after cytochalasin-B treatment. Both
      dispersive and aggregative pigment movements within the cell body appeared to
      require microtubule-dependent processes. Intraocularly injected colchicine
      disrupted microtubules and blocked pigment granule translocation in both
      directions in the cell body. A hypothetical model to explain pigment movements in
      response to changes in light conditions is proposed based on these observations
      as well as on data from the literature.

PMID- 6826307
TI  - The protein composition of the ocular zonules.
AB  - Bovine and human zonules were found to be composed of noncollagenous acidic
      glycoprotein with a high cysteine content, double that previously reported. In
      reduced zonular fractions the most prominent peptide had a molecular weight (MW)
      of approximately 70,000. Lesser quantities of 170,000, 50,000, and 35,000 dalton
      peptides were also present and a variable number of lower MW bands, depending
      upon the degree of reduction and denaturation. A fraction of bovine zonules
      soluble in low ionic strength buffers contained primarily a peptide of
      approximately 50,000 daltons, often present as a doublet. Amino acid and
      hexosamine content of these two fractions was consistent with the presence of at
      least two different glycoconjugates, one a proteoglycan. Carbohydrate analysis of
      whole zonules suggested that these glycoconjugates include a sialofucose
      containing glycoprotein and a lesser quantity of xylose-containing proteoglycan.
      The amino acid profile and peptide content of the zonules resembled that of
      elastic tissue microfibrils, increasing further the possibility of a close
      relationship between these two fibrils.

PMID- 6826306
TI  - The effect of inhibition of glutathione reductase on the detoxification of H2O2
      by rabbit lens.
AB  - Mechanisms by which the lens protects against H2O2 are believed to include the
      metabolism of glutathione (GSH). In the present study, rabbit lenses were exposed
      to constant concentrations of H2O2 (0.01 to 0.1 mM) that were maintained in
      culture media with the use of a peristaltic pump. The rate at which H2O2 entered
      the lens was proportional to its concentration in the medium and reached 2.6
      mumol H2O2/lens/3 hr at 0.1 mM H2O2. Up to 0.06 mM H2O2, a concentration that
      approximates that present in normal rabbit aqueous humor, the activity of the
      hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) increased linearly with no significant decrease
      in the concentration of lens GSH. However, at 0.1 mM H2O2, there was indication
      of oxidative damage to the lens as shown by a sharp decrease in HMPS activity and
      a coincident drop in the concentration of GSH. Pretreatment of lenses with 1,3
      bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase
      (GR), blocked the normal threefold stimulation of HMPS activity occurring in the
      presence of 0.06 mM H2O2 and resulted in accumulation of oxidized GSH. This
      result demonstrated the inability of H2O2 to react directly with NADPH in the
      lens. BCNU was shown not to affect the potential of the HMPS to respond to
      compounds other than H2O2 since it did not alter methylene blue-stimulation of
      HMPS activity. The study supports the hypothesis that detoxification of H2O2 in
      the aqueous humor is linked to the metabolism of GSH in the lens and demonstrates
      that lenses with impaired GR activity are more susceptible to oxidative damage by
      peroxide.

PMID- 6826308
TI  - Ethambutol changes the color coding of carp retinal ganglion cells reversibly.
AB  - The influence of ethambutol on retinal function was studied by recording ganglion
      cell responses in isolated carp retinas superfused with a Ringer solution
      containing different concentrations of ethambutol (0 mg/liter, 10 mg/liter, 20
      mg/liter, 30 mg/liter). The results indicate that ethambutol reversibly affects
      color opponency, without changing the sensitivity of the underlying receptor
      processes. The amacrine and bipolar cells are the most likely candidates to be
      affected by ethambutol.

PMID- 6826310
TI  - Response of human retinal blood flow to light and dark.
AB  - The laser Doppler technique was used to measure alterations in retinal blood flow
      in human subjects under dark-adapted conditions compared to light-adapted
      conditions. Retinal blood flow increased 40 to 70% after the transition from
      light to dark. We show quantitatively that the measured increases in retinal
      blood flow provide the appropriate increases of available oxygen for the inner
      retinal tissue necessary to compensate for increased oxygen consumption in the
      dark by the photoreceptor-RPE complex. In addition, we show that measured
      increases or decreases in human retinal blood flow are quantitatively linked to
      two intrinsic characteristics of the rod photoreceptor: its metabolic response to
      known, graded light levels, and its rhodopsin-mediated wavelength-dependent light
      absorption properties. We also discuss how light-activated blood flow changes may
      provide a physiologic test for the autoregulatory capacity of the retinal
      vasculature.

PMID- 6826309
TI  - Asteroid bodies--an ultrastructural study.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of asteroid bodies in a vitreous aspirate from a patient
      suffering visual loss as a result of asteroid hyalosis is presented. Under
      appropriate conditions of fixation and high resolution transmission electron
      microscopy, a lamellar arrangement with a periodicity of 4.6 nm was observed.
      This lamellar arrangement is typical of liquid crystalline phases of lipids in
      water. X-ray micro-analysis confirmed the presence of calcium and phosphorus in
      the asteroid bodies. We propose that the asteroid bodies are not true crystals
      but rather liquid crystals of phospholipids in the vitreous humor.

PMID- 6826311
TI  - Morphologic changes in teleost primary and secondary retinal cells following
      brief exposure to light.
AB  - Light adaptive morphologic changes in the teleost retina, such as movements of
      rods, cones, and epithelial pigment and spinule formation on horizontal cell
      terminals, are normally associated with continual exposure to light. Depending on
      a variety of factors these processes are generally completed within 30-60 min. In
      this report we show that a brief exposure to light (1-2 min) preceded and
      followed by darkness is sufficient to elicit these changes in four species of
      teleost; the trout (Salmo gairdneri), the tench (Tinca tinca), the carp (Cyprinus
      carpio), and the goldfish (Carassius auratus). A brief pulse is as effective in
      causing cone migration and an increase in the number of spinules as continual
      exposure; however, it is sometimes less effective in causing pigment migration.
      The photomechanical changes following a brief period of light are always
      completed more quickly and show greater species variability than the formation of
      spinules. These results show that the various morphologic manifestations of light
      adaptation are autonomous processes that need only a short pulse of light to
      trigger the whole sequence of events. This is of interest when considering their
      control mechanisms and may have consequences for physiologic work involving
      experiments on dark-adapted eyes.

PMID- 6826312
TI  - The retinal oxygen profile in cats.
AB  - This study records for the first time the retinal tissue oxygen partial pressure
      as a function of location within the retina of the domestic cat. Tissue pO2 was
      recorded with oxygen sensitive microelectrodes that use the polarographic
      principle. The mean vitreal pO2 close to the internal limiting membrane was 20.2
      +/- 2.3 mmHg. The internal limiting membrane does not act as a diffusion barrier
      for oxygen. As the electrode was advanced into the inner retina, the tissue pO2
      rose gradually to a value of 24.6 +/- 2.3 mmHg and then fell to a minimum of 12.0
      +/- 5.5 mmHg before rising again to a value of 29.2 +/- 2.5 mmHg. Further
      insertion resulted in a sudden steep rise of tissue pO2 values to 72.0 +/- 5.1
      mmHg, after which there was no further alteration in measured values. Although
      the exact location within the retina of the recording electrode was not known, it
      is probable that the tissue pO2 minimum occurs at about the level of the inner
      nuclear layer. Therefore, it is probable that the retinal avascular layers
      receive their oxygen supply primarily from the choroidal circulation in the cat.

PMID- 6826313
TI  - Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the light peak and electroretinogram of the
      cat.
AB  - The effects of systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia on the standing potential, light
      peak, and electro-retinogram (ERG) of the intact cat eye were studied. DC
      recordings were made in the vitreous humor. The amplitude and waveform of the
      light peak were surprisingly sensitive to hypoxia. The light peak began to
      decrease at an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) of 60 to 80 mmHg, and was reduced
      to 25 to 60% of the control amplitude at a PaO2 of 40 mmHg. Increases in c-wave
      amplitude were also observed during hypoxia, beginning at about the same PaO2 as
      decreases in the light peak. In contrast, the b-wave and ERG threshold were
      generally unchanged when the PaO2 was above 40 mmHg. The light peak and c-wave
      were also more sensitive than the b-wave and ERG threshold to hypercapnia.
      Decreases in light peak amplitude and increases in c-wave amplitude began at an
      arterial pH of about 7.3. The b-wave was reduced, and ERG threshold was elevated,
      beginning at a pH of about 7.2. The standing potential of the eye, recorded in
      darkness, generally increased in both hypoxia and hypercapnia. A common factor in
      the generation of the light peak and c-wave is that both involve changes in
      membrane potential of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. These events were
      affected much more by hypoxia than were the b-wave and ERG threshold, suggesting
      that the RPE is unusually sensitive to hypoxia. Similarly, the earliest effect of
      retinal hypercapnia appears to be on the RPE rather than on the neural retina.
      Furthermore, hypoxia and hypercapnia may have acted on RPE through similar
      mechanisms, because their effects on the light peak, c-wave, and standing
      potential were in the same direction.

PMID- 6826314
TI  - Laser Doppler Velocimetry study of the effect of pure oxygen breathing on retinal
      blood flow.
AB  - The noninvasive Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) technique was used in normal
      volunteers to determine retinal blood flow, F, during pure oxygen breathing at
      atmospheric pressure. Changes in blood flow were calculated based on Poiseuille
      relation, F = (pi D2/4) X Vmax, where Vmax is the red blood cell maximum or
      center-line velocity and D, the diameter of the vessel at the site of the LDV
      recordings. After five minutes of pure oxygen breathing, Vmax decreased by about
      53%, vessel diameter by 12%, and retinal blood flow by about 60%. In arteries,
      pulsatility of red blood cell velocity (Vmax, systole/Vmax, diastole) during the
      cardiac cycle increased by about 10%. Decrease in red blood cell velocity was
      detectable within 1-1 1/2 min. From these LDV flow measurements and the changes
      in retinal mean circulation time (MCT) reported by other investigators, based on
      the relation F = v/MCT, a 45% decrease in retinal blood volume (v) during 100% O2
      breathing was obtained.

PMID- 6826315
TI  - The use of vitreous fluorophotometry to distinguish between diabetics with and
      without observable retinopathy: effect of vitreous abnormalities on the
      measurement.
AB  - Ten age-matched normals, diabetics with retinopathy, and diabetics without
      observable retinopathy were evaluated by vitreous fluorophotometry (VFL) using a
      0.15 mm and a 0.45 fiberoptic probe in a photomultiplier system as well as a
      commercially available photodiode instrument to determine whether differences in
      intraocular sodium fluorescein levels could be detected among the three groups.
      Each subject was injected in the antecubital vein with 7 mg/kg of sodium
      fluorescein (25% solution) and measurements were taken 1 hr postinjection at 4.5
      mm and 7.5 mm from the retina. The influence of choroidal fluorescein and ocular
      pigmentation are reduced at these locations. We found that a breakdown in the
      blood-ocular barrier may not be present early in the course of diabetes.
      Furthermore, no significant difference was found between normals and diabetics
      without retinopathy. Although the mean value for vitreous fluorescein was
      significantly higher in diabetics with retinopathy compared to normals, several
      of the diabetics with retinopathy had values in the normal range. These results
      differ from those previously reported in the literature. However, our studies
      took into consideration several factors not considered by other investigators,
      such as ocular pigmentation, choroidal fluorescence, slit width, and vitreous
      changes, that may have significant effects on the fluorophotometry values.

PMID- 6826316
TI  - Stimulus features that determine the visual location of a bright bar.
AB  - A modification to the standard vernier target that has a detrimental effect on
      acuity is described. The addition of an extra bar alongside one of the test bars
      and directly underneath the other increases thresholds by an amount that is a
      monotonic function of its luminance. This allows for the hypothesis that the
      location of a bright bar is a function of some widespread description of the
      light distribution arising from such a bar on the retina, rather than some local
      feature of such a distribution. In particular, the data are not consistent with
      any simple notion of boundary extraction and support the conjecture that position
      of a bar is assigned to the mean or centroid of its light distribution.

PMID- 6826317
TI  - Background adaptation in RCS rats.
AB  - The stimulus/response (S/R) relations of scotopic b-waves from dark-adapted RCS
      p+ rats and those adapted to steady background lights were investigated in
      animals ages 14 to 50 days. The shapes of the S/R curves were normal at all ages
      and in all adaptation conditions. However, dark-adapted sensitivity, amplitude,
      and latency were abnormal in the second postnatal month. As the disease
      progressed, background lights varied amplitude and decreased sensitivity less
      than normal. Thus, the effects of the RCS degeneration on b-wave adaptation were
      different than previously found in the PCD mouse retinal degeneration studied in
      a similar fashion. A suggestion is made that investigations of b-wave background
      adaptation may contribute to elucidation of underlying retinal dysfunction in the
      human retinal degenerations.

PMID- 6826318
TI  - Nerve fiber layer of the macaque retina: retinotopic organization.
AB  - The transretinal pathway of optic nerve fibers in the retinas of cynomolgus and
      bonnet monkeys was studied by light microscopy following small intraretinal
      injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of HRP into nerve bundles
      at the optic disc labeled a few ectopic ganglion cells, in addition to those in
      the related retinal sector. Injections into nerve bundles in the retina labeled
      long (more than 3 mm) fibers of passage, most of which remained close to the
      vitreal surface as they crossed the retina. These long fibers mingled with short
      (less than 1 mm) peripapillary fibers at the disc margin and in the prelaminar
      part of the disc. Axons of intermediate ganglion cells (1-3 mm in length) were
      added to the fiber layer at its scleral border, beneath long fibers of more
      peripheral origin. These findings demonstrate a retinotopic organization of
      macaque nerve fiber bundles with long fibers vitreal and shorter fibers more
      scleral in position. Intermingling of fibers of disparate origin is extensive at
      the optic disc where a decussation of long and short fibers occurs.

PMID- 6826321
TI  - Interference fringe scale for absolute ocular fundus measurement.
AB  - Measurements of the human ocular fundus in the three spatial dimensions have not
      been absolute because measuring techniques have used the optical system of the
      eye as part of the total ophthalmoscopic system. The ophthalmoscopic
      magnification due to the total dioptric power of an individual eye can vary
      substantially from that of the average eye. A new method has been developed to
      form interference fringes on the fundus so that the fringe spacing can be
      calculated within a small error by using measured values. The photographed
      fringes then act as a scale at the fundus with the fringe spacings serving as the
      graduations, thus allowing accurate absolute measurements of the fundus through
      the interfering ocular media.

PMID- 6826319
TI  - NMR analyses of the cold cataract. II. Studies on protein solutions.
AB  - Water proton relaxation studies were performed on total soluble protein (TSP)
      solutions and individual alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallin fractions derived
      from weanling rat lenses, 16 month, and 60- to 70-year-old normal human lenses.
      The effects of perturbants (temperature and acrylamide) were monitored in order
      to delineate further the mechanisms involved in the generation of the cold
      cataract phenomenon (in young lenses) and the role of acrylamide and age in
      preventing this phenomenon. The data demonstrate a relationship between the
      relative concentration of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallin fractions
      within the lens and the cold cataract phenomenon. It is possible that cross
      linking between acrylamide and the gamma-crystallins within the lens alters one
      or more of the intracytoplasmic protein-water phases. The gamma-crystallin
      solution showed greater than 35% increase in T2 when 1% acrylamide was added; the
      young TSP solution T2 increased by approximately 20%. However none of the T2
      values for the alpha, beta and old TSP solutions changed significantly when
      acrylamide was added. The unique response of gamma-crystallin in these
      experiments suggests a significant role for this protein fraction in the
      phenomenon associated with cold cataractogenesis. Our data indicate that most of
      the UVA radiation-induced acrylamide binding occurred with the gamma-crystallins
      within the lens. We have also noted that only the gamma-crystallin and the young
      lens TSP solutions become opaque at 4 C while the alpha, beta and "old" TSP
      solutions remain clear at this temperature. It is suggested that acrylamide
      exerts its role by cross-linking to one or more of the gamma-crystallins, thereby
      altering the normal protein water relationship and preventing cold opacification.

PMID- 6826320
TI  - Effect of repeated anterior chamber perfusion on intraocular pressure and total
      outflow facility in the cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of
      the anterior chamber in surgically virgin, aniridic, and ciliary muscle
      disinserted cynomolgus monkey eyes 6 to 13 times at 1- to 2-month intervals over
      periods of 8 to 24 months. Facility decreased approximately 15 to 20% between
      consecutive thirds of the perfusion history, independent of eye type. The
      facility decreases were too large to be explained by decreased uveoscleral
      facility or pseudofacility, and were not mediated by the iris, ciliary muscle, or
      gonioscopically or ultrastructurally apparent chamber angle alterations. They
      most probably reflected functional alterations in the trabecular meshwork/inner
      wall of Schlemm's canal. Intraocular pressure as measured by applanation
      tonometry did not increase progressively, most probably due to a decreased rate
      of aqueous humor formation.

PMID- 6826322
TI  - The visual evoked potential in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: effects of check
      size, field size, and stimulation rate.
AB  - In order to determine the optimum stimulus conditions for the detection of optic
      nerve damage due to glaucoma and ocular hypertension, checkerboard pattern
      reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from 20 glaucoma patients,
      20 ocular hypertensive patients, and 20 age-matched normals. Two check sizes (12'
      and 48'), two field sizes (14 degrees and 28 degrees), and two alternation rates
      (1.9 and 7.5 alt/sec) were used. All subjects had visual acuities of 20/40 or
      better in each eye and equal pupils of 2 to 5 mm diameter. The largest number of
      VEP abnormalities were found with large checks (48') reversing at a fast rate
      (7.5 alt/sec). After correcting for the effects of age, visual acuity, and pupil
      size, 16 of 30 eyes with glaucomatous visual field defects had abnormally long
      VEP latencies under this condition (beyond the 99% confidence limit of the normal
      subjects). Nine of 40 ocular hypertensive eyes also had abnormally long
      latencies. Increased pattern VEP latency was significantly correlated with both
      the severity and location of visual field defects and the degree of cupping and
      pallor of the optic disc. VEP latency was not significantly related to
      intraocular pressure.

PMID- 6826323
TI  - Species variations in the pathophysiologic responses of vertebrate eyes to a
      chemical irritant, nitrogen mustard.
AB  - Much of our knowledge of the ocular responses to irritants is derived from
      studies on the effects of mustards applied topically to the rabbit eye. The
      present study shows, however, that vertebrate eyes display profound species
      variations in the initial (first 6 hours) response to nitrogen mustard (NM).
      Rabbits and guinea pigs showed two episodes, ducks and cats one, and owl monkeys
      no episode of increased intraocular pressure. Development of anterior chamber
      flare and cellular invasion was seen in all species except ducks and owl monkeys.
      Pupillary constriction of differing time-course and magnitude was observed in all
      species except guinea pigs and ducks. At least one indomethacin-sensitive
      component of the NM-induced inflammatory response was demonstrated in each
      subprimate species, the nature of which depended upon the predominant ocular
      effect of prostaglandins in each. The present work suggests that while rabbits
      and guinea pigs may be of particular value for the study of some aspects of the
      ocular response to irritation and trauma, these species may be unsuitable for
      studying ocular inflammation and therapeutics as applicable to man.

PMID- 6826324
TI  - Intracellular pH and glutathione levels in rabbit corneal endothelium following
      storage in moist chamber and MK medium.
AB  - Rabbit corneas were stored for up to 14 days at 4 C either as the whole eye in a
      moist chamber or as the isolated cornea in MK medium with HEPES buffer. The
      intracellular pH, the glutathione content, and its oxidation state were
      determined in the endothelial cells of fresh and stored tissue. The endothelial
      pH was found to be unchanged following storage of up to 7 days by either method,
      but after 14 days the pH rose slightly but statistically significantly in corneas
      stored by both techniques. The intracellular pH was similar in endothelia of
      those corneas stored in MK medium and of those stored as the whole eye in a moist
      chamber, for all time periods studied. The intracellular total and percent
      oxidized glutathione of the endothelium were increased by 50 and 180%,
      respectively, following 7 days of moist chamber storage. Over this time period
      there was a 50-fold increase in total glutathione content of the aqueous humor in
      the stored eyes. In contrast, corneas stored in MK medium for 7 days maintained
      intracellular total glutathione at levels similar to those of fresh corneas. A
      gradual but constant decrease in percent oxidized glutathione was observed with
      increasing length of storage. In terms of pH and glutathione content, the MK
      medium provided a much more stable environment for the stored cornea than did the
      aqueous humor in the stored eye.

PMID- 6826325
TI  - Corneal swelling response to contact lenses worn under extended wear conditions.

PMID- 6826326
TI  - Effects of phacoemulsification and extracapsular lens removal on corneal
      thickness and endothelial cell density in the dog.
AB  - Twenty-one dogs were used to study the effects of phacoemulsification and
      extracapsular lens removal on corneal endothelium and corneal thickness. Specular
      microscopy revealed preoperative cell morphology and cell densities similar to
      man. After surgery endothelial cell counts significantly decreased 22% (central)
      and 13% (periphery) with phacoemulsification and 34% (central) and 31%
      (periphery) with extracapsular lens removal. Corneal thickness increased with
      both procedures. Endothelial cell pathology included cellular enlargement,
      increased pleomorphism, and focal cellular degeneration. Phacoemulsification time
      did not correlate with the degree of cell loss. Dog corneal endothelium responds
      to surgical trauma in a manner similar to man and maintains a functional
      monolayer via cellular enlargement and migration. The dog, therefore, represents
      a good animal model for the study of corneal endothelial disease in man.

PMID- 6826327
TI  - Role of complement in murine corneal infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The role of complement components C3 and C5 was examined in murine corneal
      infection induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DBA/2 and Swiss-Webster mice are
      naturally resistant to experimental P. aeruginosa corneal infection. Mice of
      these two strains are able to restore a clear cornea within 4-6 weeks following
      Pseudomonas corneal challenge and are genetically deficient in the fifth
      component of complement. In contrast, ocular infection of congenic C5-deficient
      B10.D2o/Sn or normocomplementemic B10.D2n/Sn mice results in an identical pattern
      of susceptibility in which corneal perforation and phthisis bulbi occur. Taken
      together, these results indicate that C5 plays little or no role in
      susceptibility or resistance to Pseudomonas eye infection. In contrast, depletion
      of C3 in normally resistant DBA/2 mice using cobra venom factor (CoVF) diminishes
      the ability of these mice to restore a clear cornea following Pseudomonas
      infection. A single inoculation of CoVF, 24 hours prior to ocular challenge, is
      as effective in altering the response of DBA/2 mice as is continuous depletion of
      C3 during the course of infection using multiple inoculations of CoVF. Mice that
      are unable to clear Pseudomonas ocular infection following CoVF treatment regain
      this ability when the contralateral eye is infected after recovery of normal
      levels of C3. Depletion of C3 by CoVF treatment of DBA/2 mice, which had
      previously restored a clear cornea following Pseudomonas eye infection, again
      renders these mice susceptible.

PMID- 6826328
TI  - Evidence for corneal endothelial cell hypertrophy during postnatal growth of the
      cat cornea.
AB  - Endothelial cell counts made from specular micrographs of 1-month-old kitten and
      adult cat corneas demonstrate that a progressive increase in endothelial cell
      size and a reduced endothelial cell density occurs during the postnatal
      development of the cat cornea. In addition to confirming the difference in cell
      size, scanning electron micrographs show that kitten endothelial cells are much
      more pleomorphic than those of the adult. When the number of corneal endothelial
      cells/mm2 and the size of the whole cornea are calculated for the kitten and
      adult, hypertrophy rather than mitosis appears to be the principal mechanism
      responsible for maintaining a confluent endothelial cell monolayer during the
      postnatal development of the feline cornea. Hypertrophy also appears to play a
      role in establishing the adult corneal endothelial cell population of the rabbit
      when the previously published data of others are treated in a similar manner to
      those of the kitten and adult cat. Thus, endothelial cell hypertrophy plays a
      role in establishing an "adult" endothelial cell monolayer in species that have a
      widely divergent corneal endothelial cell mitotic capacity.

PMID- 6826332
TI  - EEC Standing Committee of Doctors.

PMID- 6826329
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholinergic neurotransmission in the ciliary
      muscle.
AB  - The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on mechanical activity and
      electrical stimulation of the bovine ciliary muscle in vitro were compared. The
      generated contractions were enhanced by application of eserine and were abolished
      completely in the presence of atropine. VIP (10(-8)-10(-6) M) enhanced the
      response to electrical stimulation, while the contractile amplitude of the
      ciliary muscle to exogenous carbachol was not altered significantly by
      application of 10(-7)-10(-6) M VIP. The exogenous VIP had no direct effect on the
      muscle. As these data indicate that VIP exerts its stimulant effect,
      prejunctionally, ie, on the nerve terminals, this peptide probably contributes to
      the control of accommodation as a modulator of cholinergic neurotransmission
      between short ciliary nerves and the ciliary muscle.

PMID- 6826333
TI  - Hyponatraemia in a general hospital.

PMID- 6826331
TI  - Kinetics of replication of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus in age-dependent
      polioencephalomyelitis.
AB  - The kinetics of replication of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) in age
      dependent polioencephalomyelitis was studied in genetically susceptible (C58/J)
      and resistant (C57BL/6J) mice. The peripheral replication pattern (plasma
      concentration) for LDV was similar in both strains. However, the concentration of
      virus within the central nervous system was strikingly different. In
      nonsusceptible C57BL/6J mice, little or no virus was found within the central
      nervous system. In the lumbar cord of susceptible C58/J mice, an increase in the
      concentration of LDV began 5 days postinfection and continued during the
      preclinical stages of disease. A direct correlation was shown between the
      concentration of LDV in spinal cord and the appearance of motor neuron disease
      but not the degree of inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 6826330
TI  - Binding of influenza virus to a reconstituted receptor complex containing
      glycophorin.
AB  - Membrane particles possessing receptor activity for influenza virions have been
      reconstituted following solubilization of human erythrocyte membranes with
      octylglucoside (OG) and fractionation on a DEAE-cellulose column. Fractions that
      eluted with 1.5 M NaCl yielded, after removal of OG, reconstituted membrane
      particles (RMP) which could bind virus and inhibit hemagglutination. RMP
      contained essentially two membrane proteins (glycophorin and a nonglycosylated
      protein of molecular weight 29,000), two phospholipids (sphingomyelin and
      phosphatidylcholine), cholesterol, and gangliosides. Incubation of influenza
      virus with RMP at 4 degrees resulted in the formation of a virus-RMP complex
      (liposomes). The specificity of the receptor was demonstrated by inhibition of
      viral attachment when RMP were treated with neuraminidase or preincubated with
      rabbit anti-M or anti-N antiserum, suggesting that both the carbohydrates and
      peptide moiety may play a role in attachment. Calculations suggest that there are
      6 X 10(3) N-acetyl neuraminic acid residues per attached virion. This system
      provides a simple and gentle means of reconstituting membrane components to study
      receptor activity.

PMID- 6826334
TI  - Withdrawal of digoxin in general practice in elderly patients.

PMID- 6826335
TI  - Drug prescribing in an orthopaedic hospital with particular reference to night
      sedative consumption.

PMID- 6826336
TI  - Surgery in lumbar disc protrusion--a long-term follow-up.

PMID- 6826337
TI  - Head injury and the dilated pupil.

PMID- 6826338
TI  - Surgery and the irritable bowel syndrome: the singer as well as the song.

PMID- 6826339
TI  - Venous access using a Hickman catheter.

PMID- 6826340
TI  - ECT: lay attitudes and experiences--a pilot study.

PMID- 6826341
TI  - Drug management of depression.

PMID- 6826343
TI  - That routine lumbar puncture.

PMID- 6826342
TI  - Coumarin and cimetidine in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6826344
TI  - Prevalence of headache in prepuberty.

PMID- 6826345
TI  - Changes in the prevalence of migraine and other headaches during the first seven
      school years.

PMID- 6826346
TI  - An epidemiological study of headache in an urban population in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 6826347
TI  - A self-observation study of headache symptoms in children.

PMID- 6826348
TI  - Iris adrenergic sensitivity and migraine in pediatric patients.

PMID- 6826349
TI  - Migraine prophylaxis: prognostic significance of clinical factors.

PMID- 6826350
TI  - Flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker, in the prophylactic treatment of
      migraine.

PMID- 6826352
TI  - Headache as an expression of masked depression.

PMID- 6826353
TI  - Carotidynia or Eagle's syndrome?

PMID- 6826351
TI  - Facial pain associated with lung cancer: a case report.

PMID- 6826355
TI  - The potential role of the nurse in prevention and early intervention in alcohol
      misuse.

PMID- 6826354
TI  - A study of post conviction psychiatric reports in Glasgow sheriff court.

PMID- 6826356
TI  - Development and use of a record of psychologist-patient contacts.

PMID- 6826357
TI  - Diverticular disease of the colon in Scottish hospitals over a decade.

PMID- 6826358
TI  - Section 31 (the Emergency Recommendation)--its use in a Glasgow psychiatric
      hospital.

PMID- 6826359
TI  - The chief scientist reports... prostaglandins, thromboxanes and the early events
      of myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 6826360
TI  - Radium and uranium concentrations in Georgia community water systems.
AB  - The first cycle of statewide radionuclide concentration measurements of public
      drinking water supplies was completed in accord with the Federal and Georgia Safe
      Drinking Water Acts. The recommended pattern of analysis is initial screening for
      gross alpha-particle activity, followed by measuring 226Ra if the gross alpha
      particle activity is above 5 pCi/l. and then measuring 228Ra if the 226Ra
      concentration is above 3 pCi/l; and uranium analysis if the gross alpha-particle
      activity exceeds 15 pCi/l. Surface water supplies for more than 100,000 persons
      are analyzed for 3H and 90Sr and screened for gross beta-particle activity, with
      additional analytical requirements if the latter is above 50 pCi/l. Specified
      supplies downstream for nuclear facilities are analyzed for 3H, 90Sr and 131I,
      and further analyses are required if the gross beta-particle activity is above 15
      pCi/l. More thorough screening was applied for 1400 public water supplies in
      Georgia, of which about 90% use groundwater. Radium concentrations exceeded the
      maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 pCi/l. in 24 groundwater supplies, mostly
      due to elevated 226Ra. The gross alpha-particle activity minus uranium
      concentrations exceeded the 15 pCi/l. MCL in 3 additional samples. No MCL was
      exceeded in surface water. The S.D.s of analytical results estimated from
      replicate analyses were approximately twice those based on counting statistics,
      suggesting that screening levels should be lowered to assure detection of 226Ra
      at MCL values.

PMID- 6826361
TI  - Environmental tritium transport from an atmospheric release of tritiated water.
AB  - Elevated tritium levels were found in samples of pine needles and surface leaf
      litter taken along the path of an atmospheric tritiated water release from the
      Savannah River Plant, Aiken, South Carolina. After the initial exposure period,
      tritium levels declined to background within 3 days. The equilibration half-time
      for tritium in terrestrial ecosystems is much shorter after exposure to tritiated
      water than after an exposure to molecular tritium. This difference is due to
      preferential deposition of molecular tritium in soil.

PMID- 6826362
TI  - The relative importance of uptake and surface adherence in determining the
      radionuclide contents of subterranean crops.
AB  - The adherence of Pu-bearing particles to external surfaces of carrots, turnips,
      red potatoes, and sweet potatoes accounted for greater than or equal to 93% of
      their total Pu content. Uptake, which was measured as Pu content in peeled crops,
      accounted for less than or equal to 7%. Plutonium concentrations in most peeled
      crops were below background, and consequently, uptake could not be conclusively
      demonstrated. However, uptake accounted for most of the 137Cs, 40K, and 226Ra
      contents of subterranean crops. Concentration ratios for total radionuclide
      contents (i.e. surface adherence plus uptake) ranged from 3.9 X 10(1) for 40K, to
      1.1 X 10(-2) for 239, 240Pu. Approximately 1.5 X 10(-3) pCi 239, 240Pu adhered
      per cm2 of subterranean crop surface per 1 pCi Pu/g of soil.

PMID- 6826363
TI  - Thermoluminescence of NaCl:Ca and its use in gamma-dosimetry.
AB  - The present work involves the extensive study of the thermoluminescent behaviour
      of untreated and thermally pre-treated, undoped and Ca-doped NaCl phosphors. It
      was observed that NaCl:Ca specimens, quenched from 750 degrees C, display optimum
      TL output with a dominant and well-defined glow peak around 147 degrees C (peak
      II). The TL centre namely, a Ca-dipole nearby a negative-ion vacancy in the
      dislocation region, is suggested to be responsible for the occurrence of the glow
      peak II. The study of the dosimetric properties of this peak for gamma-radiation
      indicated that the NaCl:Ca phosphor satisfies the most basic need of an efficient
      TLD material. It is proposed that the present material can be used in gamma
      dosimetry for the range 10(0)-10(4) R.

PMID- 6826364
TI  - Depth-dose distribution measurements and calculations in an elliptical phantom.
AB  - Calculations and measurements are presented for the dose distribution in a water
      filled elliptical phantom when the phantom was irradiated with neutrons from two
      different, unshielded light-water moderated reactors. The calculations were
      performed by a Monte Carlo code; for the measurements we used activation, TL and
      solid-state nuclear track detectors. We observed that the neutron spectra do not
      vary significantly inside the phantom and that not only the total absorbed dose
      but also the kerma value at a depth of approximately 2 cm can be higher than that
      on the front (in our case, by a factor of about 1.2). The measurements and
      calculations resulted in a kerma attenuation from the front to the back of the
      phantom a factor of about 5, less than was previously known through the
      literature.

PMID- 6826365
TI  - The retention of 14C-DTPA in human volunteers after inhalation or intravenous
      injection.
AB  - This study in human volunteers was designed to compare the retention of
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the body after intravenous (i.v.)
      injection with that following inhalation by using a 14C labelled tracer. After
      i.v. injection retention in the blood could be described by three exponential
      components with half-times of about 1.4 min (approximately 60%) 14.3 min
      (approximately 20%) and 95 min (approximately 20%). By 24 hr more than 99% of the
      14C-DTPA had been excreted in the urine and less than 0.5% remained in the
      plasma. After inhalation of 14C-DTPA retention in the lungs could be represented
      by a single component with a half time of about 75 min. As a consequence the
      length of time that a therapeutically useful amount of DTPA is retained in the
      body is approximately twice that following intravenous injection.

PMID- 6826366
TI  - Radiographic workload and use factors for orthopedic facilities.
AB  - Observations of technique factors at 9 radiographic installations dedicated to
      orthopedic radiography have been made. Monthly area radiation measurements with
      thermoluminescent dosimeters were made at three of these facilities. The results
      of these observations and measurements suggest that current NCRP recommended
      assumptions utilized in protective barrier computations result in considerably
      more shielding than is necessary. We observed an average workload of 224 mA
      min/wk and a maximum weekly average of 670 mA min/wk. The use factor for the
      chest wall averaged 5%. That for all other vertical barriers was less than 1%.
      The average operating potential was 75 kVp. Room radiation measurements confirm
      the suggestion that at least two of the walls and the control booth barrier in an
      orthopedic radiographic facility may be considered secondary barriers.

PMID- 6826368
TI  - Probability as a determinant in setting population exposure limits to ionizing
      radiation.

PMID- 6826369
TI  - Occupational radiation exposure at the Republic of China's first nuclear power
      station.

PMID- 6826367
TI  - Skeletal radon-to-radium ratios in neonatal, juvenile and mature beagles and in
      adult St. Bernards.

PMID- 6826370
TI  - Direct assessment of plutonium in the chest with germanium detectors.

PMID- 6826372
TI  - Radiation levels associated with C-arm fluoroscopes.

PMID- 6826373
TI  - Limits of linearity for diagnostic X-ray equipment.

PMID- 6826371
TI  - Beta dosimetry using laser heating of hot-pressed TLDs.

PMID- 6826374
TI  - Computer-aided drawings for laboratories using radionuclides.

PMID- 6826375
TI  - Medical X-ray exposure of the human embryo and fetus.

PMID- 6826376
TI  - Medical X-rays and pregnancy.

PMID- 6826377
TI  - Analytical modeling of thermoluminescent albedo detectors for neutron dosimetry.
AB  - In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the neutron physics of a 6LiF TLD
      when used as an albedo neutron dosimeter, an analytical model was developed to
      simulate the response of a 6LiF chip. The analytical model was used to examine
      the sensitivity of the albedo TLD response to incident monoenergetic neutrons and
      to evaluate a multiple chip TLD neutron dosimeter. Contrary to initial
      experimental studies, which were hampered by statistical uncertainties, the
      analytical evaluation revealed that a three-energy-group detector could not
      reliably measure the dose equivalent to personnel exposed to multiple neutron
      spectra. The analysis clearly illustrates that there may be order of magnitude
      errors in the measured neutron dose if the dosimeter has not been calibrated for
      the same flux spectrum to which it is exposed. As a result of this analysis, it
      was concluded that, for personnel neutron monitoring, a present TLD badge must be
      calibrated for the neutron spectrum into which the badge is to be introduced. The
      analytical model used in this study can readily be adopted for evaluating other
      possible detectors and shield material that might be proposed in the future as
      suitable for use in neutron dosimetry applications.

PMID- 6826378
TI  - The metabolism of tritium and water in the lactating dairy cow.
AB  - Two lactating Friesian cows received tritiated water (19 nCi of tritium per ml)
      to drink for 25 days. Urine and milk samples were collected and analyzed for
      tritium content. Plateau levels in milk water, and in milk fat, lactose and
      casein were reached in about 18 days. Tritium concentration in milk water and
      urine water was about 82% that in drinking water, indicating dilution with water
      from food and metabolic processes, and as a result of exchange through lungs and
      skin. At steady state, tritium activity in milk fat, lactose and casein was about
      30, 28 and 15% of that in drinking water on a weight basis; at this time, about
      1.5% of the daily ingested tritium appeared in one litre of milk in both animals.
      Comparison of the specific activity of the various milk constituents with the
      specific activity of the body water showed that the highest tritium incorporation
      occurred in lactose (0.58), followed by milk fat (0.36) and casein (0.27).
      Tritium incorporation in milk dry matter (0.45) is considerably higher than in
      most tissue components of several mammalian species after continuous ingestion of
      THO as reported in the literature. Tritium levels fell rapidly in milk and urine
      after the administration of THO was stopped, with half-times of around 4 days for
      the rapid components in all milk constituents. A slow component of 44 days, 225
      days and 24 days half-time was found in milk water, milk fat and casein
      respectively.

PMID- 6826379
TI  - Fragmentation of inhaled 238PuO2 particles in lung.
AB  - Beagle dogs were exposed by inhalation to monodisperse aerosols of 238PuO2.
      Autoradiographs of lung sections were studied for nine dogs sacrificed from 4 to
      730 days after exposure. Fragmentation of particles in lung was observed
      autoradiographically. A simple mathematical model fitted to the fragmentation and
      lung retention data for dogs suggests that lung clearance from intact particles
      (65%) and particle fragments (32%) were important to the removal of 238PuO2
      deposited in the lung by inhalation. The increased surface area resulting from
      fragmentation should increase dissolution and risk to other organs from
      irradiation by translocated plutonium.

PMID- 6826380
TI  - Assessment of the radiological impact of using fly ash in cement.
AB  - The radiological consequences of using fly ash as a component of cement are
      discussed. Measurements of the activity concentrations of the fly ash and cement
      are reported together with measurements of emanation coefficients and exhalation
      rates. The radon-exhalation rate was found to be significantly lower in concrete
      containing fly ash than in ordinary concrete. Dose calculations suggest that fly
      ash will contribute to a reduction in effective dose equivalent due to the
      reduced radon-exhalation rate.

PMID- 6826381
TI  - A silicon-diode pocket radiation chirper.

PMID- 6826382
TI  - A statistical evaluation of annual radiography dosimetry results.

PMID- 6826383
TI  - If you don't study, the odds are still 4 X 10(-35): 1 that you can pass part L of
      the ABHP certification exam!

PMID- 6826384
TI  - Quality factor for low doses of high-LET radiations.

PMID- 6826385
TI  - The initial assessment and care of the patient with multiple trauma.

PMID- 6826386
TI  - Acute respiratory failure.

PMID- 6826387
TI  - Hypovolemic shock: the need for early intervention.

PMID- 6826388
TI  - Fluid resuscitation: an overview.

PMID- 6826389
TI  - Radiography in the multiply traumatized patient.

PMID- 6826390
TI  - Evaluation of the unconscious patient in the emergency department.

PMID- 6826391
TI  - Life-threatening surgical emergencies, with special attention to ruptured aortic
      aneurysm.

PMID- 6826392
TI  - Anaphylactic shock.

PMID- 6826393
TI  - Hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 6826394
TI  - Novel effects of PGF2 alpha on airway function in asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The effects of inhaled prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) have been examined in
      eight subjects with asthma. Incremental PGF2 alpha aerosol concentrations,
      ranging from 1 to 5,000 micrograms/ml, were administered at 15-min intervals.
      Plethysmographic specific airway conductance (sGaw), forced expiratory volume at
      1 s (FEV1), and maximum expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity breathing air
      (Vmax50% air) and 80% He-20% O2 (Vmax50% He-O2) were measured after each dose and
      compared with saline control values. We observed unexpected triphasic dose
      response characteristics, i.e., an initial decline in physiological variables at
      low concentrations (1-100 micrograms/ml), followed by improvement at intermediate
      concentrations (100-1,000 micrograms/ml) and a subsequent steep decline at high
      concentrations (1,000-5,000 micrograms/ml). Improvement in FEV1 and Vmax50% air
      between 100 and 1,000 micrograms/ml was associated with sGaw increases above
      control levels in six subjects and a significant fall in density-dependent index
      (Vmax50% He-O2/Vmax50% air) when compared with values before challenge and at low
      concentrations. Inhaled atropine (5 mg) improved prechallenge lung function but
      had no effect on PGF2 alpha dose-response characteristics. Intermediate PGF2
      alpha concentrations given as a single dose consistently induced greater FEV1
      reductions than the same concentration during graded dose challenges. Our
      findings are consistent with the demonstration of in vivo airway tachyphylaxis
      and indicate that airway effects of PGF2 alpha are far more complex than
      previously reported. Moreover, these novel effects suggest that, in addition to
      its well-known bronchoconstrictor effects, PGF2 alpha directly or indirectly
      causes airway relaxation, predominantly in large airways.

PMID- 6826395
TI  - Determination of maximal aerobic power during upper-body exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate four protocols for their
      effectiveness in eliciting maximal aerobic power (peak VO2) during arm-crank
      exercise. Comparisons were made 1) between a continuous (CON) and an intermittent
      (INT) protocol (both employed a crank rate of 50 rpm) and 2) among the CON
      protocols employing crank rates of 30, 50, or 70 rpm. For the first group of
      experiments no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were found between
      the CON and INT protocols for peak VO2, maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax),
      maximal heart rate (HRmax), or maximal blood lactate (LAmax) responses. For the
      second group of experiments, the CON-50 was compared with the CON-30 and CON-70
      protocols. In comparison to the CON-50, significantly higher peak VO2 (+10%) and
      VEmax (+14%) responses were elicited by the CON-70 protocol, whereas
      significantly lower peak VO2 (-11%), VEmax (-23%), HRmax (-8%), and LAmax (-29%)
      responses were elicited by the CON-30 protocol. Of the arm-crank protocols
      examined the combination of a continuous design and a crank rate of 70 rpm
      provided the most effective protocol to elicit peak VO2 values.

PMID- 6826396
TI  - Lactate accumulation relative to the anaerobic and respiratory compensation
      thresholds.
AB  - Anaerobic thresholds of five male subjects were determined invasively (ATi), from
      a marked increase in plasma lactate above resting levels (delta La), and
      noninvasively (ATn), from a nonlinear increase in minute ventilation (VE) during
      incremental work (IW) leg cycling tests; work rate was increased 30 W every 2
      min. Each subject also performed four constant-load work (CLW) tasks just above
      and just below their ATn and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT), i.e., the
      point expressed as O2 consumption (VO2) or work rate, at which VE increases
      disproportionally to CO2 output during IW. In four of the five subjects the ATn
      preceded the ATi during IW. Yet the ATn delineated the CLW in which marked
      lactate accumulation did or did not occur. During CLW just above the ATn in these
      same four subjects, VE/VO2 and fractional expired O2 (FEO2) peaked well before
      delta La plateaued. These findings suggest that exercise hyperventilation is not
      necessarily proportional to increases in plasma lactate.

PMID- 6826397
TI  - Intravenous versus inhaled atropine for inhibiting bronchoconstrictor responses
      in dogs.
AB  - We studied whether the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, given intravenously or by
      inhalation, inhibits the bronchoconstrictor responses to inhaled acetylcholine
      and to acetylcholine released by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves to
      the same degree. We assessed bronchoconstrictor responses in anesthetized dogs by
      determining the increase in total pulmonary resistance before and after
      increasing doses of atropine and then constructing inhibition dose-response
      curves. Before atropine the responses to the two stimuli were equal in magnitude.
      After intravenous atropine (initial dose 0.12 micrograms/kg, total dose 16
      micrograms/kg) both responses were progressively inhibited to a similar degree.
      By contrast, after inhaled atropine (initial dose 0.02 micrograms/kg, total dose
      2.4 micrograms/kg) the response to acetylcholine inhalation was inhibited to a
      much greater degree than the response to vagal stimulation. Thus, in studies
      designed to inhibit bronchoconstriction due to an inhaled muscarinic agonist to
      the same degree as bronchoconstriction due to a vagal reflex, atropine might
      better be given intravenously than by inhalation.

PMID- 6826398
TI  - Potentiation of oxygen toxicity in rats by dietary protein or amino acid
      deficiency.
AB  - Rats fed 3% casein diets for 6 days showed an increased susceptibility to greater
      than 98% oxygen [mean survival time 46.9 +/- 4.1 (SD) h] compared with animals
      fed 25% casein diets (mean survival time 60 +/- 5 h). The 3% casein diet did not
      reduce the responses to hyperoxia of lung glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H), which maintain
      tissue levels of reduced glutathione or lung superoxide dismutase levels. While
      supplementation of the 3% casein diet with the sulfur-containing amino acids
      (cysteine, cystine, or methionine) prevented the increased oxygen toxicity,
      supplementation with leucine, a nonsulfur-containing amino acid, had no effect on
      potentiation of toxicity. Animals fed the unsupplemented 3% casein diet failed to
      show an elevation of lung glutathione in response to hyperoxia. When the 3%
      casein diet was supplemented with cysteine, total lung glutathione levels
      increased normally during oxygen exposure. Supplementation of the 25% protein
      diet with cysteine did not further protect these animals. We conclude that
      potentiation of oxygen toxicity by dietary protein deficiency in the rat is due
      to the low sulfur-containing amino acid content of the diet; the mechanism of
      increased toxicity by hyperoxia is probably related to an inability to increase
      glutathione levels due to a shortage of the cysteine component of the glutathione
      tripeptide.

PMID- 6826399
TI  - Elastic properties of the lung in acute induced asthma.
AB  - In acute induced asthma, plethysmographic total lung capacity (TLCm) was reported
      to increase and lung elastic recoil [Pst(L)] to decrease. The increase in TLC is
      spurious (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 52: 939-954,
      1982), so that the rapid loss in Pst(L) could be due to errors in lung volume. We
      studied seven asthmatic patients before and during an induced bronchospasm. TLC
      was derived simultaneously from mouth and esophageal pressure vs.
      plethysmographic volume plots (TLCm and TLCes, respectively). Before
      bronchospasm, TLCm and TLCes were similar. During bronchospasm average TLCm
      increased, from 7.30 +/- 1.34 (SD) to 8.12 +/- 1.49 liters (P less than 0.001),
      whereas TLCes did not (P greater than 0.60). Static pressure-volume curves,
      derived from TLCes (P-Ves), were superimposed on prechallenge curves or only
      slightly shifted to the left, whereas those derived from TLCm (P-Vm) showed a
      clear-cut parallel shift to the left. At 70% of control TLC there was no
      significant change in Pst(L) measured from P-Ves curves (7.3 +/- 3.1 cmH2O before
      bronchospasm; 6.7 +/- 2.3 cmH2O during bronchospasm, P greater than 0.10),
      whereas Pst(L) measured from P-Vm curves decreased from 7.3 +/- 3.1 to 5.1 +/-
      2.4 cmH2O (P less than 0.01). No significant change in Pst(L) at TLC was observed
      during bronchospasm. We conclude that in our patients acute decrease in Pst(L)
      during induced asthma was artifactual, secondary to lung volume overestimation by
      body plethysmography.

PMID- 6826400
TI  - Frequency dependence of plethysmographic volume in healthy and asthmatic
      subjects.
AB  - In airway obstruction, thoracic gas volume derived from mouth pressure vs.
      plethysmographic volume changes (TGVm) is overestimated, whereas TGVes, derived
      from esophageal pressure vs. plethysmographic volume changes, is not (J. Appl.
      Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 52: 939-954, 1982). The reason
      appears to be that mouth pressure swings are less than alveolar pressure swings.
      We measured TGVm and TGVes in six normal subjects and in nine asthmatic patients
      before and during bronchospasm, while panting at the same lung volume at 0.8 Hz
      (low), 2-2.5 Hz (medium), and 4.5-5 Hz (high). No difference was observed between
      TGVm and TGVes (P greater than 0.05) at any frequency (f) in normal subjects or
      asthmatics before bronchospasm. During bronchospasm, TGVm and TGVes were similar
      at low f. However, TGVm increased from 5.66 +/- 1.16 (SD) liters at low f to 6.50
      +/- 1.71 liters at medium f (P less than 0.01), resulting in a TGVm 1.16 +/- 0.95
      liters higher than TGVes (P less than 0.01). In three asthmatics during
      bronchospasm, mean TGVm-TGVes difference was 0.01 liter at low f, 0.26 liter at
      medium f, and 0.73 liter at high f. Surprisingly TGVes was in average 5% higher
      at low f than at medium or high f, both in normal subjects and asthmatics. A
      similar pattern was observed for TGVm, except in asthmatics during bronchospasm.
      We conclude that in airway obstruction overestimation of TGVm is frequency
      dependent and can be avoided by panting at low f. However, at this f TGV is 5%
      larger than at higher f, difference which is not related to airway obstruction.

PMID- 6826401
TI  - Effects of hypercapnia, hypoxia, and rebreathing on circulatory response to
      apnea.
AB  - Cardiovascular responses to cessation of respiration and to progressive hypoxia
      and hypercapnia were investigated noninvasively in eight male volunteers. A total
      of five 90-s breath holds (BH) with face immersion were performed by each
      subject. A continuous BH (BH-1) eliminated the circulatory effects of respiratory
      movements, BH with air (BH-3) or with O2 (BH-5) with rebreathing at 15-s
      intervals through a CO2 scrubber reduced the effect of hypercapnia, and BH with
      air (BH-2) or with O2 (BH-4) with rebreathing at 15-s intervals bypassing the CO2
      scrubber produced hypercapnia with or without concomitant hypoxia. Mean arterial
      blood pressure rose continuously in BH-1 and BH-2 and to a much lesser degree in
      other BHs. Vasoconstriction was evident within 30 s of BH. Determined by
      impedance cardiograph, stroke volume (SV) rose by 33%, which was balanced out by
      a 30% reduction in heart rate (HR) from the pre-BH values, at the end of a
      continuous BH. A transient depression of cardiac output (CO) was observed at 30
      and 60 s of BH-1. CO values were maintained at pre-BH levels throughout the BHs
      where progressive hypercapnia occurred (BH-2 and BH-4) but were depressed to a
      similar degree as BH-1 when hypercapnia was prevented (BH-3 and BH-5). Alveolar
      CO2 levels were found to be correlated linearly and positively with SV, HR, and
      CO. No such relationship existed between alveolar O2 levels and these hemodynamic
      parameters. Thus rebreathing and hypercapnia during BH prevented CO from falling
      during BH. It is reasoned that hypercapnia and consequent acidosis, through
      enhanced sympathoadrenal release of catecholamines, was responsible for the
      compensatory SV response.

PMID- 6826402
TI  - Effects of transient intracranial hypertension on lung fluid and protein
      exchange.
AB  - We determined whether a transient increase in intracranial pressure (Pic)
      increases lung vascular permeability and whether the increase occurs at a Pic
      threshold. Anesthetized sheep were prepared with lung lymph fistulas. Pic was
      increased by rapidly injecting 20-45 ml of freshly drawn autologous blood into
      the cisterna magna from a base line of 4.8 +/- 1.5 Torr to a peak mean value of
      either 142.0 +/- 17.6 Torr (group I, n = 5) or 70.3 +/- 3.5 Torr (group II, n =
      5). Pic decreased to 34.6 +/- 2.2 Torr in group I and to 31.0 +/- 3.2 Torr in
      group II within 1 h and remained steady at these levels for the study. The
      Cushing response (i.e., marked systemic hypertension lasting 10-15 min) was
      elicited only in group I; changes in mean pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and mean
      pulmonary arterial wedge (Ppw) pressures during the first 15 min were small,
      pulmonary blood flow (QL) increased, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
      decreased only in the first 15 min after the intracisternal injection. In group
      II, Ppa and QL did not change significantly, but PVR increased after the increase
      in Pic. Both pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and transvascular protein clearance (CL)
      increased only in sheep with the Cushing response. In group III (n = 8) in which
      Qlym and CL increased after intracranial hypertension as in group I, the left
      atrial pressure was raised to increase the pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) to
      determine the basis for the increases in Qlym and CL (i.e., whether vascular
      surface area or permeability increased). The increase in Pc produced a small
      increase and decrease in lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio, indicating
      that the transient increase in Pic did not increase endothelial permeability to
      proteins. The increases in Qlym and CL were due to increased pulmonary vascular
      surface area.

PMID- 6826403
TI  - Blood lactate threshold in some well-trained ischemic heart disease patients.
AB  - Six patients with ischemic heart disease who had exercised intensely for longer
      than 1 yr appeared to have a disproportionately high capacity for endurance
      exercise relative to VO2 max. They were compared with healthy runners of the same
      age (mean 55 yr) with similar training programs (6-12 km/day, 5 day/wk). The
      trained patients had a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower maximal cardiac
      output (-17%) and VO2 max (-18%, 37 vs. 45 ml . kg-1 . min-1). Despite their
      lower VO2 max, the trained patients were able to run 8 km at the same speed as
      the normal runners (approximately 189 m/min). The trained patients' ability to
      keep pace with the normal subjects was apparently due to a very high lactate
      threshold (LT) relative to VO2 max. The patients' LT (lactate 1 mM above base
      line) occurred at a treadmill running speed of 176 m/min, which elicited 100% of
      their VO2 max, compared with a LT at 178 m/min and 84% of VO2 max in the normal
      subjects (P less than 0.01). Our results show that some individuals with VO2 max
      limited by impaired cardiac function can undergo adaptations to training that
      enable them to maintain close to a metabolic steady state during exercise that
      elicits VO2 max.

PMID- 6826404
TI  - Axial distortion of airways in the lung.
AB  - Axial loads were applied around the circumference of an airway lumen by pulling
      on a cup-shaped anchor that embedded itself in the airway wall. Axial
      displacements were measured as a function of distance from the load, and the data
      were compared to the results of mathematical analyses of continuum mechanics
      models. In the modeling it was assumed that the elastic tube representing the
      airway is bonded to the surrounding elastic continuum representing the parenchyma
      and that axial forces are transmitted between the tube and the continuum by shear
      stresses at the interface. The agreement between the measured and computed axial
      displacements supports the hypothesis that the shear stresses are the dominant
      coupling mechanism. The following quantitative relations between force and
      displacement were obtained. The axial displacement produced by the load L was
      approximately 0.05 L/pi alpha mu, where alpha is the airway radius and mu is the
      shear modulus of the parenchyma. The displacement decayed to approximately one
      half this maximal value at two diameters from the load.

PMID- 6826405
TI  - Simultaneous comparison of tracheobronchial and right duct lymph dynamics in
      dogs.
AB  - The simultaneous responses of lymph flow and protein concentration were compared
      using lymph from the right duct (RD) and small afferent tracheobronchial (TB)
      lymphatics cannulated in the same dog. Lymph was collected during a base-line
      period and following steady-state left atrial pressure (Pla) elevations. For a
      mean increase in Pla of 14.8 cmH2O, RD flow increased 1.1 times control and TB
      flow by 2.5 times control. Total protein lymph-to-plasma ratios decreased
      significantly for TB lymph but not for RD lymph. Assuming TB represented pure
      lung lymph, the right duct was estimated to drain 4% of the total lung lymph and
      consist of 11% lung lymph with 89% extrapulmonary lymph at normal lymph flows.
      The lung lymph contribution to RD flow increased to 24% with increased Pla.
      Equivalent capillary pore dimensions calculated using endogenous protein
      fractions in both RD and TB lymph resulted in small pores of 100 and 90 A and
      large pores of 220 and 225 A, respectively. The fraction filtered through the
      large-pore population estimated using RD lymph was half that predicted using TB
      lymph. These data indicate that RD lymph data cannot accurately reflect pulmonary
      vascular permeability, since extrapulmonary lymph provided a major component of
      RD lymph flow at both base-line and increased filtration states.

PMID- 6826406
TI  - Ascorbate uptake by isolated rat alveolar macrophages and type II cells.
AB  - Studies were conducted to measure intracellular ascorbate content and to
      characterize ascorbate uptake in three fractions of isolated rat pneumocytes
      (i.e., alveolar macrophages, alveolar type II epithelial cells, and another
      fraction of small pneumocytes that contains neither macrophages nor type II
      cells). When cells are incubated in medium containing 0.1 mM ascorbate (i.e., the
      concentration normally found in plasma), intracellular ascorbate concentrations
      are 3.2 mM in alveolar macrophages and type II cells and 0.9 mM in other lung
      cells; ascorbate influx is 1.5 nmol . 10(7) cells-1 . h-1 for alveolar
      macrophages, 0.24 nmol . 10(7) cells-1 . h-1 for type II cells, and very slow in
      other pneumocytes. Ascorbate influx displays saturation kinetics in both alveolar
      macrophages (K1/2 = 2 mM; Vmax = 32.2 nmol . 10(7) cells-1 . h-1) and type II
      cells (K1/2 = 5 mM; Vmax = 14.2 nmol . 10(7) cells-1 . h-1). After correction for
      differences in the membrane surface areas of these two types of lung cells, the
      rates for maximum ascorbate influx (Vmax) are similar in alveolar macrophages and
      type II cells. In addition, ascorbate uptake by alveolar macrophages and type II
      cells is dependent on metabolic activity and extracellular sodium. In contrast,
      ascorbate uptake in other lung cells does not exhibit saturation kinetics and is
      not dependent on metabolism or sodium. Thus alveolar macrophages and type II
      cells possess an energy-dependent cotransport system for ascorbate and sodium
      influx. The high ascorbate content and the existence of a specialized transport
      mechanism for ascorbate uptake may explain the relative resistance of alveolar
      macrophages and type II cells to oxidant injury.

PMID- 6826407
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological response of canine bronchial smooth muscle in
      situ.
AB  - We studied the isometric response of bronchial smooth muscle in a single third
      order bronchus of 24 dogs in situ. Length-tension studies were performed in six
      dogs by repeated injection of 10(-5) mol acetylcholine (ACh) into the right
      bronchoesophageal artery, and the resting tension (30.6 +/- 6.9 g/cm) and length
      (0.76 +/- 0.14 cm) permitting maximal contraction were determined. In eight other
      dogs, dose-related bronchial contraction was obtained with 10(-10) to 10(-5) mol
      intra-arterial (ia) ACh. Supramaximal electrical stimulation of the right
      cervical vagus nerve and bronchial parasympathetic ganglion stimulation with ia 1
      1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) also caused bronchial contraction. The
      maximal response to ia ACh (28.5 +/- 1.7 g/cm), supramaximal electrical
      stimulation (15.2 +/- 1.1 g/cm), and ia DMPP (10.5 +/- 3.0 g/cm) was blocked by
      an ia dose of atropine (1-5 micrograms/kg) that did not alter the sympathetic
      relaxation response in the trachea. In four dogs, the bronchial response to
      sympathetic activation was studied by intravenous (iv) bolus injection of DMPP
      after cholinergic blockade with atropine. DMPP (25 micrograms/kg iv) caused 9.5
      +/- 2.2 g/cm bronchial relaxation, which was blocked completely by 2-4 mg/kg iv
      propranolol. In six other dogs, hypoxia induced by ventilation with pure nitrogen
      caused bronchial contraction, which was blocked by vagotomy, atropine, and
      hexamethonium. We report a sensitive method for selective measurement of
      bronchial smooth muscle response in a single resistance bronchus. This
      preparation preserves regional innervation and circulation and permits selective
      physiological stimulation in situ.

PMID- 6826408
TI  - Endotoxin protects against hyperoxic alterations in lung endothelial cell
      metabolism.
AB  - By evaluating the ability of endotoxin to prevent hyperoxic depressions in lung
      amine uptake, this study assessed whether bacterial endotoxin protects against
      hyperoxic injury to the pulmonary endothelium. Rats were given 500 or 1,500
      micrograms/kg body wt of endotoxin or saline (controls) 30 min before a 24-h or 7
      day exposure to air or 100% O2 at 1 ATA. Immediately after exposure, lungs were
      isolated, ventilated, and perfused via the pulmonary artery and the uptake of two
      amines, [14C] serotonin and [3H]norepinephrine, was measured. Amine uptake by the
      lungs of control rats exposed to 100% O2 for 24 h was significantly depressed,
      whereas amine uptake by the lungs of endotoxin-treated rats exposed to 100% O2
      for 24 h was comparable to that in air-exposed controls. Endotoxin also prevented
      hyperoxic depression of lung amine uptake and prolonged survival in rats exposed
      to 100% O2 for 7 days. Pretreatment of rats with endotoxin protects against
      hyperoxic injury to the pulmonary endothelium, which may account for the reduced
      mortality in endotoxin-treated animals.

PMID- 6826409
TI  - Effects of water immersion on plasma catecholamines in normal humans.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors in
      experimental animals results in a diminution of autonomic nervous system
      activity. Water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a preferential central
      hypervolemia (CV); thus it might be anticipated that NI would alter plasma
      catecholamine levels. Because two earlier studies have yielded divergent
      findings, we designed the present study utilizing more updated methodology to
      determine whether NI alters plasma catecholamines in normal humans. Eight normal
      subjects were studied on two occasions; during a seated control study (C) and
      during 4 h of NI. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels, determined by
      radioenzymatic assay, were measured hourly. Despite the induction of a marked
      natriuresis and diuresis indicating significant CV, NI failed to alter plasma NE
      or E levels compared with those of either C or the corresponding prestudy 1.5 h.
      Furthermore, the diuresis and natriuresis varied independently of NE. The current
      findings suggest that the response of the sympathetic nervous system to acute
      volume alteration may differ from the reported response to chronic volume
      expansion.

PMID- 6826410
TI  - Work-heat tolerance in endurance-trained rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if training in a cool (23 degrees C)
      environment would alter the potential for mortality or for tissue damage (as
      indicated by serum transaminase concentrations) during a work-heat tolerance test
      (WHTT) to exhaustion. Twenty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained (T) on a
      motorized treadmill for 6 wk, while 34 control animals of similar weight remained
      sedentary (S). Tissue damage among survivors 24 h following the WHTT and percent
      mortality were the same in both groups; however, T survivors 1) continued the
      test 44% longer (P less than 0.05), 2) performed significantly more work (P less
      than 0.05), and 3) sustained a 120% larger (P less than 0.05) thermal load
      [product of time and colonic temperature (Tc) above 40 degrees C] than S
      survivors. Mortality first occurred at a range in Tc of 40.6-41.0 degrees C in
      the S group compared with a range of 41.6-42.0 degrees C in the T group. Thus
      endurance T rats can run longer in the heat, sustain greater thermal loads, and
      are less susceptible to work-induced thermal fatality than S rats.

PMID- 6826411
TI  - Response of ventral respiratory group inspiratory neurons to mechanical loading.
AB  - The bursting patterns of 32 ventral respiratory group (VRG) medullary inspiratory
      neurons were studied in response to selected mechanical loads in 68 allobarbital
      urethan-anesthetized cats. Mechanical loads consisted of three levels of
      resistive loads, one elastic load, and tracheal occlusion (TO). The application
      of each load was manipulated to oppose either inspiration or expiration. Loads
      were applied for only one inspiration or expiration to prevent changes in
      chemical drive. All loaded breath unit responses were analyzed and compared with
      control values for inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), spikes per burst
      (SPB), and average firing rate (FR). Inspiratory mechanical loads resulted in
      statistically significant increases in TI and SPB but only small nonsignificant
      increases in FR and TE. Expiratory resistive loading produced its predominant
      effect on TE. The higher expiratory mechanical loads also caused significant
      increases in the subsequent unloaded TI and SPB. In contrast to expiratory
      loading, large inspiratory loads did not significantly affect the next unloaded
      TE. Bilateral cervical vagotomy eliminated the observed neural responses to
      loading for both inspiratory and expiratory loads. All of the 71 neurons tested
      with lung inflations and TO at end inspiration showed inhibition (Ra type) rather
      than facilitation (R beta).

PMID- 6826412
TI  - Pulmonary vascular tone is a determinant of basal lung perfusion in normal seated
      subjects.
AB  - In the human upright lung the downward increase in lung perfusion reverses in the
      lower third, thus giving rise to a zone of reduced basal perfusion (zone 4). The
      flow in zone 4 is regulated by the extra-alveolar vessels, the diameter of which
      is determined by lung volume, perivascular interstitial pressure, and vasomotor
      tone. To estimate the role of pulmonary vascular tone in the formation of zone 4,
      we infused nitroprusside (NTP), a potent pulmonary vasodilator, in six normal
      seated subjects. We measured their regional perfusion distribution using 133Xe in
      control conditions and at two dose levels of NTP (20.8 and 52.1 micrograms/min).
      Regional perfusion distribution was measured similarly and according to the same
      protocol in six subjects receiving only a placebo solution. In four of the six
      subjects receiving NTP, right-heart catheterization allowed simultaneous
      estimations of cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressure to be made. NTP
      slightly decreased the perfusion of the nondependent parts of the lungs and
      markedly increased the perfusion of the lung bases, thus reducing the extent of
      zone 4. No changes were observed in the placebo experiments. Cardiac output and
      indices of ventilation and gas exchange did not change significantly. Peripheral
      and pulmonary arterial pressure fell slightly but significantly during NTP
      infusion. We attribute the observed changes in basal perfusion to the
      vasodilatory effects of NTP on the extra-alveolar vessels. Our findings thus
      support the hypothesis that in normal subjects zone 4 is partly created by the
      pulmonary vascular tone.

PMID- 6826413
TI  - Lung vascular effects of phorbol myristate acetate in awake sheep.

PMID- 6826414
TI  - Meclofenamate uniformly decreases shunt fraction in dogs with lobar atelectasis.

PMID- 6826415
TI  - Sound speed in pulmonary parenchyma.
AB  - The time it takes audible sound waves to travel across a lobe of excised horse
      lung was measured. Sound speed, which is the slope in the relationship between
      transit time and distance across the lobe, was estimated by linear regression
      analysis. Sound-speed estimates for air-filled lungs varied between 25 and 70
      m/s, depending on lung volume. These speeds are less than 5% of sound speed in
      tissue and less than 20% of sound speed in air. Filling the lung with helium or
      sulfur hexafluoride, whose free-field sound speeds are 970 and 140 m/s,
      respectively, changed sound speed +/- 10% relative to air filling. Reducing the
      ambient pressure to 0.1 atm reduced sound speed to 30% of its 1-atm value.
      Increasing pressure to 7 atm increased sound speed by a factor of 2.6. These
      results suggest that 1) translobar sound travels through the bulk of the
      parenchyma and not along airways or blood vessels, and 2) the parenchyma acts as
      an elastic continuum to audible sound. The speed of sound is given by c =
      (B/rho)1/2, where B is composite volumetric stiffness of the medium and rho is
      average density. In the physiologic state B is affected by ambient pressure and
      percent gas phase. The average density includes both the tissue and gas phases of
      the parenchyma, so it is dependent on lung volume. These results may be helpful
      in the quantification of clinical observations of lung sounds.

PMID- 6826416
TI  - Statistics of response slopes.
AB  - Daubenspeck and Ogden in a recent paper recommended the use of directional
      statistics in the analysis of response slopes, and their advice has been followed
      by other workers. Their method is not valid, since it does not follow directly
      from their model. An efficient estimator of the slope (i.e., an estimator with
      minimum variance) is well known and is given here with a confidence interval for
      the true slope. They were also concerned with the two-sample problem to compare
      the slopes from two different samples. The method for this is more complicated
      but is summarized here. The likelihood ratio test and point and interval
      estimates are given. We discuss Daubenspeck and Ogden's example and the reason
      why, despite its invalidity, their method gave good results using their own data.
      Their data are also used to illustrate the methods described in this paper, and
      examples are given to highlight the practical differences between the two
      methods. Step-by-step procedures are included in the appendixes to enable readers
      to use these methods.

PMID- 6826417
TI  - An elastic loading system for ventilatory studies in small animals.
AB  - A system for studying the effects of prolonged inspiratory elastic loading in
      small animals (300-500 g) is described. A voltage comparator triggered by the
      expired flow signal activates a solenoid valve to vent the loading chamber after
      each inspiratory decompression, ensuring the presentation of a constant
      extrapulmonary elastance. The sensitivity of the comparator (5 mV) and the
      response time of the venting circuit (40 ms) make this system suitable for use in
      small subjects with tidal volumes less than 1 ml and respiratory frequencies
      exceeding 100 breaths . min-1. Additionally, the composition of the inspiratory
      gas is easily altered and a built-in device allows end-expiratory occlusions to
      be performed.

PMID- 6826418
TI  - Errors in calculating cardiac output due to administration of perfluorochemicals.
AB  - Intravenous administration of perfluorochemicals (PFC) will alter the density
      (rho)B, the gravimetric specific heat (c)B, and the volumetric specific heat (rho
      c)B of blood. Changes in hematocrit also influence (rho c)B. The calibration
      constant employed in the determination of cardiac output (CO) by thermal dilution
      depends inversely on (rho c)B. We estimate the effect of addition of PFC and
      changes in hematocrit on (rho c)B. Consider blood to be a mixture of red cells,
      emulsified PFC particles, and plasma. This leads to the equation: (rho c)cB =
      0.96 - 0.11Hct - 0.48Fct. Here Hct and Fct are the fractional volume
      concentrations of red blood cells and PFC, and (rho c)cB is the calculated
      specific heat based on the actual composition of blood. CO can be corrected for
      changes in (rho c)B by the equation: (CO)c = [(rho c)sB/(rho c)cB](CO)o. Here
      (CO)o is the observed cardiac output, (rho c)sB is the standard specific heat of
      blood used in the calculation of (CO)o, and (CO)c is the corrected cardiac
      output. We have observed laboratory situations where the correction factors have
      been as high as 10%.

PMID- 6826419
TI  - Relationship between vascular resistance and venous pressure.

PMID- 6826420
TI  - Alveolar surface, intra-alveolar fluid pools, and respiratory volume changes.

PMID- 6826421
TI  - Anesthesia alters the pattern of aerosol retention in hamsters.
AB  - General anesthesia was used to produce nonventilated areas of the lung, and
      aerosol inhalation was used to locate these areas, assuming that no aerosol
      deposits in a nonventilated region. Male Syrian golden hamsters were anesthetized
      with pentobarbital sodium (90 mg/kg), which reduced respiratory frequency, tidal
      volume, minute volume, and O2 consumption to 61, 41, 24, and 36%, respectively,
      of the corresponding awake levels. Awake and anesthetized hamsters were exposed
      to the aerosol for 30 min; then the lungs were excised, dried at total lung
      capacity, sliced into sections, and dissected into pieces. Autoradiographs were
      made of slices, and the activity and weight of pieces were determined. The
      evenness index (EI), a measure of the uniformity of retention, was calculated for
      each piece. With complete uniformity of retention, all EI's would be 1.0. In
      awake animals, only 0.2% (by wt) of the lungs had little or no retention (EI's
      less than 0.20). More particles deposited in the apex than in the base of the
      lungs. General anesthesia for extended periods of time with no deep breaths
      alters ventilation and therefore the distribution of aerosol retention. Many
      regions of the lungs in the anesthetized animals received few or no particles
      (11.6% of lungs had EI less than 0.20); however, no consistent pattern was
      observed in the location of these areas from animal to animal. The apex-to-base
      gradient for retention in these animals was also reversed. Radioactive aerosols
      can be used as probes to indicate the extent and distribution of nonventilated
      areas in the lungs.

PMID- 6826422
TI  - Changes in electromyogram power spectra of facial and jaw-elevator muscles during
      fatigue.
AB  - Endurance and changes in electromyogram (EMG) power spectra were investigated
      during a fatiguing static contraction at 50% of the maximum EMG amplitude in two
      jaw-elevator muscles (masseter and temporalis) and five facial muscles
      (frontalis, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris, and
      buccinator). Relatively high endurance was found in orbicularis oris, frontalis,
      and corrugator supercilii muscles; intermediate endurance was found in
      zygomaticus major, buccinator, and temporalis muscles; and low endurance was
      found in the masseter muscle. The last muscle showed a relatively fast linear
      decrease of the median frequency of the power spectrum. The other muscles showed
      a much slower, exponential decrease. The median frequency appeared to reflect
      reliably the changes in the shape of the power spectra during fatigue. Large
      differences between the shape of power spectra of different muscles in the
      unfatigued state were found. These, however, were unrelated to endurance and
      degree of spectral shift during fatigue.

PMID- 6826424
TI  - Transvascular fluid flux measured from intravascular water concentration changes.
AB  - We have measured transvascular water flux in eight canine left lower lobes
      perfused in a zone 3 of West with indocyanine green-stained plasma. Transvascular
      flux of water was induced by a step change in the inflow pressure. Assuming the
      indocyanine green-labeled protein did not significantly cross the capillary
      membrane in one pass, the rate of transvascular fluid flux could be calculated
      from the change in outflow-to-inflow concentration of water. The method was
      validated against gravimetric measurements of water exchange. By comparing our
      direct measurements of transvascular flux with the time course of lobar weight
      change, we conclude that following changes in inflow pressure, vascular volume
      changes occur rapidly and slow changes in lung mass can be accounted for
      exclusively by water exchange. Our method shows transvascular flux follows a
      biphasic course, suggesting both a membrane and an interstitial resistance to
      fluid transudation.

PMID- 6826423
TI  - Effect of hyperoxia on metabolic and catecholamine responses to prolonged
      exercise.
AB  - The use of inspired gas mixtures with an oxygen fraction in excess of 0.3 has
      been associated with a decrease in the gas exchange ratio (R) during prolonged
      work in humans. It had been hypothesized that the lower R was due to a lower
      plasma catecholamine concentration caused by the hyperoxia (Med. Sci. Sports 10:
      167-170, 1978). We tested this hypothesis by measuring changes in plasma
      epinephrine and norepinephrine when the subjects were switched from breathing air
      to 60% O2 (and vice versa) during 40 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 67%
      maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The subject breathed one gas mixture for the
      first 30 min and was switched to the other in the last 10 min. The order was
      reversed in the second test. The switch in gas mixtures from air to 60% O2
      resulted in a significant reduction in R, heart rate, minute ventilation, blood
      lactate concentration, and plasma epinephrine concentration (P less than 0.05).
      The plasma norepinephrine concentration (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05)
      and the plasma free fatty acid concentration were not significantly changed.
      Although the direction of the epinephrine change was consistent with the change
      in R, the epinephrine change was quantitatively small (20 pg/ml) and of
      questionable physiological significance. This suggests a direct effect of PO2 on
      cellular metabolism as one cause of the change in R when the subjects were
      switched from air to 60% O2.

PMID- 6826425
TI  - Dynamic measurements of CO diffusing capacity using discrete samples of alveolar
      gas.
AB  - It has been shown that measurements of the diffusing capacity of the lung for CO
      made during a slow exhalation [DLCO(exhaled)] yield information about the
      distribution of the diffusing capacity in the lung that is not available from the
      commonly measured single-breath diffusing capacity [DLCO(SB)]. Current techniques
      of measuring DLCO(exhaled) require the use of a rapid-responding (less than 240
      ms, 10-90%) CO meter to measure the CO concentration in the exhaled gas
      continuously during exhalation. DLCO(exhaled) is then calculated using two sample
      points in the CO signal. Because DLCO(exhaled) calculations are highly affected
      by small amounts of noise in the CO signal, filtering techniques have been used
      to reduce noise. However, these techniques reduce the response time of the system
      and may introduce other errors into the signal. We have developed an alternate
      technique in which DLCO(exhaled) can be calculated using the concentration of CO
      in large discrete samples of the exhaled gas, thus eliminating the requirement of
      a rapid response time in the CO analyzer. We show theoretically that this method
      is as accurate as other DLCO(exhaled) methods but is less affected by noise.
      These findings are verified in comparisons of the discrete-sample method of
      calculating DLCO(exhaled) to point-sample methods in normal subjects, patients
      with emphysema, and patients with asthma.

PMID- 6826426
TI  - Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - These experiments were designed to study skeletal muscle pathology resulting from
      eccentric-biased exercise in rats. The effects on the muscles of running on a
      treadmill on a 0 degrees incline (similar amounts of concentric and eccentric
      contractions), down a 16 degrees incline (primarily eccentric contractions), and
      up a 16 degrees incline (primarily concentric contractions) at 16 m . min-1 for
      90 min were assessed by following postexercise changes in 1) plasma creatine
      kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, 2) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G-6-PDase) activity (bio- and histochemically) in the physiological extensor
      muscles, and 3) histological appearance of the muscles. The data indicate the
      following. 1) Whereas all exercise protocols resulted in elevations of plasma
      enzymes immediately after running, only eccentric exercise caused late phase
      elevations 1.5-2 days postexercise. 2) Significant increases in muscle G-6-PDase
      activity, which were always associated with accumulations of mononuclear cells,
      always occurred within some muscles of each extensor group 1-3 days following
      downhill and uphill running and did not occur following level running; the
      increases in activity were usually of lower magnitude in the muscles of uphill
      runners than in those of downhill runners; the deeply located, predominantly slow
      twitch muscles were most affected by both down- and uphill running. 3) Muscle
      histology demonstrated localized disruption of normal banding patterns of some
      fibers immediately after exercise and accumulations of macrophages in the
      interstitium and in some (less than 5%) muscle fibers by 24 h postexercise in the
      deep slow muscles of the antigravity groups. Although the data generally
      indicated that eccentric exercise causes greater injury to the muscles, questions
      remain.

PMID- 6826427
TI  - Inhibition of pulmonary macrophage function by airway mucus.
AB  - As a model for the interaction between macrophages and mucus in the
      tracheobronchial tree, we incubated sheep alveolar macrophages in vitro with and
      without airway mucus from the same animal and tested their phagocytic function
      and rates of general protein synthesis. Airway mucus was obtained by tracheal
      suction after previous subcutaneous injection of the sheep with pilocarpine (0.5
      mg/kg) and subsequently diluted. Pulmonary macrophages were obtained by saline
      lavage through a balloon-tipped fiber-optic bronchoscope. In incubated attached
      macrophages, phenylalanine incorporation into protein was inhibited 51% by mucus
      (P less than 0.001). Phagocytosis of 1.09-microns latex particles was inhibited
      75% by mucus at nonsaturating levels of particles (P less than 0.001) and by 47%
      at saturating levels of particles (P less than 0.001). Inhibitory activity for
      protein synthesis and phagocytosis was retained in the 104,000 g supernatant
      fraction of whole mucus (sol), while the gel fraction inhibited phagocytosis
      only. This difference did not appear to be related to physical factors. We
      conclude that diluted airway mucus interferes with pulmonary macrophage function
      as assessed by rates of general protein synthesis and phagocytosis.

PMID- 6826428
TI  - Effect of increased blood oxygen affinity on skeletal muscle surface oxygen
      pressure fields.
AB  - A chronic left displacement of the blood O2 dissociation curve (ODC) was achieved
      in rats by administering cyanate over a period of 14 days. Control rats received
      NaCl. An acute left displacement of the ODC was achieved by exchange transfusion
      with bisulfite-treated erythrocytes. Control rats for this series received an
      exchange transfusion with fresh heparinized blood. In both series, skeletal
      muscle surface O2 pressure fields (expressed as PO2 histograms) were measured
      with the rats anesthetized, curarized, and artificially ventilated. The animals
      with chronically left-shifted ODC had normal PO2 histograms (for definition see
      DISCUSSION) when breathing air; during hypoxia (FIO2 0.12) four of the eight
      experimental and three of the seven control animals developed abnormal
      histograms, and all animals had normal histograms on return to air breathing. The
      majority, but not all, of the animals that were to receive exchange transfusions
      of left-shifted ODC blood had normal histograms before the transfusion, which
      caused some to become abnormal and others to become normal. Similar results were
      obtained in the control animals that received normal blood. The results do not
      provide evidence for an adverse effect of a left-shifted ODC on muscle tissue
      oxygenation.

PMID- 6826429
TI  - Salmonella dublin: what veterinarians should know.

PMID- 6826430
TI  - The concept of illness in veterinary medicine.

PMID- 6826431
TI  - ECG of the month.

PMID- 6826432
TI  - Aspirin and prednisolone modification of radiographic changes caused by
      adulticide treatment in dogs with heartworm infection.
AB  - The effects of aspirin and prednisolone in modifying the radiographic changes
      following adulticide treatment were studied in 3 groups of 6 dogs each. The dogs
      were radiographed and then 9 Dirofilaria immitis adults were surgically
      transplanted in each dog. All dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide 4 weeks
      later. One group received no additional treatment, the 2nd group received aspirin
      (10 mg/kg, daily for 4 weeks), and the 3rd group received prednisolone (1 mg/kg,
      daily for 4 weeks). Radiographs were taken at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after adulticide
      treatment, and the dogs were euthanatized at 4 weeks. The most consistent
      radiographic sign of pulmonary disease was a perivascular alveolar pattern in the
      caudal and accessory lung lobes. The right caudal lobe was the one most
      frequently affected. These parenchymal lesions were more frequent and more severe
      in the dogs given only adulticide treatment than in those given aspirin after
      adulticide treatment; the latter group in turn was more severely affected than
      the dogs given prednisolone after adulticide treatment. The radiographic evidence
      of pulmonary disease was resolving in most dogs at 3 weeks. The alveolar pattern
      on radiographs was distributed similarly to that observed at necropsy, using
      parenchymal uptake of Evan's blue as an indication of increased vascular
      permeability. Dissection of the perfusion-fixed lungs revealed that heartworms in
      3 of the 6 dogs given prednisolone appeared to survive adulticide treatment.

PMID- 6826434
TI  - Complications associated with permanent pacemaker implantation in the dog.
AB  - Serious complications developed in 11 dogs treated for bradycardia with surgical
      implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Complications resulted from underlying
      heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, drugs and anesthetic agents, surgery, pulse
      generator and pacemaker lead malfunction, and infection. As a result of these
      complications, 8 dogs died from 1 day to 35 months after surgery. Their mean
      survival time was 17 months. Three dogs are alive and doing well. Evaluation of
      clinical and electrocardiographic abnormalities were necessary for the successful
      management of complications in some of these patients. It was concluded that
      complications should be expected in dogs that are treated wih cardiac pacemakers
      and that many of these problems can be anticipated and successfully treated.

PMID- 6826433
TI  - Defects in collagen fibrillogenesis causing hyperextensible, fragile skin in
      dogs.
AB  - Two unrelated mixed-breed dogs were donated for studies of their fragile,
      hyperextensible skin. Breeding of these dogs to bitches with normal skin showed
      that half of their male and female offspring also had fragile, hyperextensible
      skin, indicating that the defect was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait
      in both dogs. Electron microscopy showed distinct abnormalities in the packing of
      collagen into fibrils and fibers in affected skin. These packing defects in
      dermal collagen were identical in related dogs, but were slightly different in
      unrelated animals. A clinical test, the skin extensibility index, was used to
      quantitate the extensibility of affected and unaffected skin. This index ranged
      from 8% to 15% in normal dogs and from 17% to 25% in newborn pups and adult dogs
      with collagen packing defects. The tensile strength of dorsolateral thoracic skin
      of affected pups was only 5% to 10% of that of matched specimens of paired
      littermates. The hyperextensibility and fragility of skin were the only clinical
      signs, but radiographic and microradiographic studies revealed subclinical
      involvement of bone.

PMID- 6826435
TI  - Can antibody responses in cattle vaccinated with a multivalent leptospiral
      bacterin interfere with serologic diagnosis of disease?
AB  - A commercially available leptospiral bacterin containing 5 serovars (canicola,
      grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, pomona) was used per label directions
      to vaccinate 45 steers and bulls. In animals in which the prevaccination sera
      were negative for microscopic agglutinating antibody, the increase and decrease
      of titers were similar among all serovars. A serologic response was stimulated by
      a single dose and enhanced by the 2nd dose. Most titers peaked at 2 weeks and
      then fell rapidly by 15 weeks after the 2nd dose. Thirty-four animals with
      prevaccinal titers to serovar hardjo responded with high microscopic
      agglutinating titers for a sustained period. Of these cattle, 31 still had titers
      between 200 and 400 by 29 weeks after the 2nd dose. These results were
      interpreted as representing an anamnestic response initiated by the bacterin to a
      sensitization that had followed natural exposure.

PMID- 6826436
TI  - Eastern white-tailed deer as a reservoir of ruminant paratuberculosis.
AB  - Ten white-tailed deer were shot and killed at a Connecticut farm that had a 6
      year history of bovine paratuberculosis, and organs from these animals were
      examined for evidence of paratuberculosis. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was
      isolated from the cecal lymph node, terminal ileum, and ileocecal valve of 1 deer
      and from the cecal lymph node of another. Characteristic lesions and acid-fast
      bacilli were not observed. It was concluded that infected deer could serve as
      sources of infection for domestic stock.

PMID- 6826437
TI  - Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B) in a Scottish terrier.

PMID- 6826438
TI  - Fenbendazole for the treatment of Heterobilharzia americana infection in dogs.

PMID- 6826440
TI  - An overview of the 1982 survey of veterinary practices.

PMID- 6826439
TI  - Bilateral ureteral ectopia in a male cat with urinary incontinence.

PMID- 6826441
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Splenomegaly and moderate hepatomegaly.

PMID- 6826442
TI  - Generic dog food and skin disease.

PMID- 6826443
TI  - Gastrointestinal complications associated with the use of atropine in horses.
AB  - Atropine sulfate was given at 2 dosages (0.044 mg/kg, 0.176 mg/kg) to clinically
      normal ponies in order to evaluate the drug's effect on the gastrointestinal
      tract. Intestinal motility, as assessed by ausculation of borborygmus, was
      stopped 30 minutes after injection, but it gradually returned to normal within 12
      hours. Signs of abdominal pain developed in 3 of 10 ponies. In 3 clinical cases
      of gastrointestinal disorder, prior atropine treatment was confusing to the
      diagnostician and resulted in delayed surgical treatment in 1 case. It was
      concluded that atropine should not be used for alleviation of intestinal spasm of
      horses.

PMID- 6826444
TI  - Complications of abdominocentesis in the horse.

PMID- 6826445
TI  - Nonstrangulated colonic displacement in horses.
AB  - Nonstrangulated colonic displacement was diagnosed by exploratory celiotomy in 32
      horses with acute abdominal pain. Clinical signs progressed slowly and included
      evidence of mild to moderate abdominal pain, good cardiovascular status, reduced
      intestinal sounds, and normal peritoneal fluid, and resembled those of colonic
      impaction. In most horses, rectal palpation supported a diagnosis of colonic
      obstruction but not a diagnosis of colonic impaction.

PMID- 6826446
TI  - Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with extraocular disease in the horse.
AB  - In 123 cases of external ocular disease in the horse, pathogenic microorganisms
      isolated with greatest frequency were Streptococcus sp (43.9%), Staphylococcus sp
      (24.2%), and Pseudomonas sp (13.8%). Fungi were isolated in 4.8% of the cases. In
      vitro testing showed that most of the Streptococcus sp isolants were sensitive to
      ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. Most of the Staphylococcus sp
      isolants were sensitive to gentamicin, cephalothin, and bacitracin. Most of the
      Pseudomonas sp isolants were sensitive to polymyxin B and gentamicin.

PMID- 6826448
TI  - Wedge osteotomy as a treatment for angular deformity of the fetlock in horses.
AB  - Five young horses with fetlock varus deformities of 8 degrees or greater were
      treated by means of wedge osteotomy of the distal end of the 3rd metacarpal or
      metatarsal bone. Three patients were admitted to the Western College of
      Veterinary Medicine and 2 to Colorado State University. Their selection as
      surgical patients was based on the following criteria: (1) an angular limb
      deformity of 8 degrees or greater, (2) patient older than 120 days, (3) no
      evidence of lameness, and (4) no evidence of degenerative joint disease. The
      surgery was successful in all cases.

PMID- 6826449
TI  - Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a
      horse.
AB  - A 10-year-old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation and treatment of a
      large pectoral skin slough and hemoglobinuria. The skin slough was secondary to
      Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and associated gas gangrene. Cold
      hemagglutinin disease was diagnosed and was suspected to be secondary to C
      perfringens septicemia. The autoimmune hemolytic anemia, severe intravascular
      hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria were treated with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone.
      The infection was treated with 20 X 10(6) units of sodium penicillin, IV, 4 times
      daily, and the wound was debrided. When the mare relapsed, treatment was changed
      to 6 g of chloramphenicol sodium succinate, IV, 4 times daily. The mare died on
      day 11 of hospitalization, despite intensive therapy.

PMID- 6826450
TI  - Induction of parturition in mares: effect on passive transfer of immunity to
      foals.
AB  - Parturition was induced in 11 mares, using a synthetic prostaglandin. Eight
      mares, not treated, were used as controls. There was no significant difference
      between the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of the treated and
      control mares. The concentration of IgG in the colostrum of treated mares
      compared favorably with that reported for naturally foaling mares. Four foals
      from treated mares died or were euthanatized because of weakness during the 1st
      24 hours after birth. The mean IgG concentration in the surviving foals from
      treated mares at 24 to 36 hours of age was 1,561 mg/100 ml, which was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than the mean concentration of 2,731
      mg/100 ml in foals from control mares. The mean serum IgG concentration in foals
      from control mares was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of
      their dams, whereas the mean serum IgG concentration of the foals from treated
      mares was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than that of their dams.

PMID- 6826447
TI  - Decreased tear production associated with general anesthesia in the horse.
AB  - Schirmer I tear tests were conducted on 14 horses. The test was performed before
      and after IV administration of xylazine hydrochloride, during maintenance
      anesthesia with halothane in oxygen, and 3 hours after discontinuation of
      anesthesia. Xylazine hydrochloride did not decrease tear production from the mean
      base-line value of 23.94 +/- 5.23 mm/min after its IV administration. Tear
      production was decreased to mean values of 15.57 +/- 4.29 mm/min at 30 minutes
      and 13.84 +/- 4.25 mm/min at 60 minutes during the maintenance of halothane
      anesthesia. Three hours after anesthesia was discontinued, tear production
      returned to a mean value of 22.58 +/- 4.12 mm/min.

PMID- 6826451
TI  - Diaphyseal angular deformities in three foals.
AB  - Angular limb deformities in 3 foals were found to originate in the diaphyseal
      region of the 3rd metacarpal (2) and metatarsal (1) bones. In each case,
      treatment consisted of wedge ostectomy followed by compression plating. Two foals
      survived for useful performance; the 3rd was euthanatized because of ischemia of
      the operated limb. The condition appeared to resemble a similar syndrome in man
      involving tibial curvature.

PMID- 6826452
TI  - Tracheobronchial foreign body in a horse.

PMID- 6826453
TI  - Rupture of mitral chordae tendineae in two horses.

PMID- 6826455
TI  - Ryegrass staggers in ponies fed processed ryegrass straw.

PMID- 6826454
TI  - Cantharidin toxicosis in horses.

PMID- 6826456
TI  - Therapeutic extended wear contact lens for corneal injury in a horse.

PMID- 6826457
TI  - Multilobular osteoma (chondroma rodens) in a horse.

PMID- 6826458
TI  - Management of canine bacterial prostatitis.

PMID- 6826459
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Osteochrondrosis in the stifle of a mare.

PMID- 6826460
TI  - Five reflections on the beginning of analysis.

PMID- 6826461
TI  - Working against Dorian Gray: analysis and the old.

PMID- 6826462
TI  - Sharp vibration maximum in the cochlea without wave reflection.
AB  - The recently discovered sharp vibration maximum of the basilar membrane at the
      best frequency is difficult to reconcile with the reflectionless traveling wave
      that is implied by the empirical data. The apparent paradox is resolved by
      representing the cochlea as a transmission line and investigating its
      characteristic impedance. The appropriate differential equation has been derived
      previously (Zwislocki, J. (1953); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 986-989). It is valid
      for both long and short wave lengths found in the cochlea. The investigation
      reveals that, in the presence of sufficiently short waves prevailing around the
      vibration maximum, the characteristic impedance remains practically constant,
      independent of the rapid variation of the impedance of the basilar membrane.
      Since wave reflection depends on variation of the characteristic impedance, no
      wave reflection should be expected. The constancy of the characteristic impedance
      also enhances the vibration maximum.

PMID- 6826464
TI  - Responses of cells in the auditory cortex of awake squirrel monkeys to normal and
      reversed species-specific vocalizations.
AB  - Natural vocalizations and their artificial counterparts were found to be equally
      effective in evoking responses in auditory cortex units of awake squirrel
      monkeys. Neural responsiveness was presumably based primarily on the sensitivity
      of the units to acoustic transients embedded in the stimuli. For the left
      hemisphere, a significantly higher percentage of responding units was found in
      the primary compared to the secondary auditory cortex. However, the difference in
      the percentage of responding units between the primary and secondary auditory
      cortices was not significant for the right hemisphere.

PMID- 6826463
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the guinea pig cochlea.
AB  - Because of the possibility that olivocochlear bundles may use acetylcholine as an
      inhibitory transmitter, we examined the cochlea of the guinea pig for cholinergic
      receptor binding sites. Binding of the potent muscarinic antagonist
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) showed that the cochlea has sites with the
      pharmacological specificity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Specific 3H-QNB
      binding was saturated at 0.8 nM and was half-saturated at 0.03 nM concentrations.
      Total 3H-QNB binding was reduced 70% in the presence of saturating doses of
      acetylcholine, oxotremorine and atropine, and half-maximal competition occurred
      at doses comparable to those at other muscarinic sites in the central and
      peripheral nervous systems. The nicotinic specific antagonist d-tubocurarine did
      not block 3H-QNB binding at concentrations known to be effective in
      electrophysiological experiments, indicating the sites measured here were not the
      mixed muscarinic-nicotinic receptor type postulated for some systems.
      Localization of binding sites, as done by hand microdissection methods, showed
      that basal cochlear turns had five times the number of sites as apical turns.
      Most of the sites were evenly divided between the bony modiolus and the auditory
      nerve, although some sites were measured in sensory tissue. These results support
      the idea that cholinergic communication occurs in the cochlea, but they are also
      consistent with the hypothesis that other receptor mechanisms may be involved in
      olivocochlear inhibition.

PMID- 6826465
TI  - Isolation and chemical analysis of neuron soma samples from the cat cochlear
      nucleus.
AB  - Pieces of neuron somata were dissected from the cochlear nuclei of two cats and
      analyzed for activity of malic dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of oxidative
      metabolism. Based on location, size and shape the somata were identified as those
      of spherical bushy cells, octopus cells, and fusiform cells. Somata of cerebellar
      Purkinje cells were analyzed for comparison. The results suggest that the large
      cochlear nucleus neurons have malic dehydrogenase activities higher than those of
      most other neurons so far studied. Also, the octopus and fusiform somata had
      higher malic dehydrogenase activities than those of the spherical bushy cells.

PMID- 6826466
TI  - Lateral inhibition in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat: a
      microiontophoretic study.
AB  - The spontaneous firing rates of non-prepotential (NPP) units of the anteroventral
      cochlear nucleus are quite low so it has not been possible to determine whether
      side band tones are inhibitory when presented alone. Microiontophoretically
      applied excitatory amino acids can be used to excite non-spontaneous cells
      directly. Using this technique it can be shown that side band tone bursts 1/2 to
      3/4 octave above the characteristic frequency (CF) of a NPP unit inhibit the
      amino acid-induced firing. Side band tones which inhibited the amino acid-induced
      firing were beyond the tuning curve. Side band tones within the tuning curve
      produced excitation. Both, however, usually reduced the activity evoked by a CF
      tone burst (i.e., two-tone interaction). The data suggests that lateral
      inhibition and two-tone interactions are separate phenomena in the auditory
      system and that lateral inhibition may play a critical role in determining the
      shape of the tuning curve of NPP units.

PMID- 6826467
TI  - Temporal integration of pure tones in the cat.
AB  - A behavioral method for assessing auditory threshold in cats using food reward
      conditioning is described. The method requires that the cat press its nose
      against a touch panel in order to receive a stimulus and that it remove its nose
      when the stimulus is detected. Behavioral thresholds for pure tone stimuli of
      various durations are described for three laboratory-raised cats. For all
      frequencies tested, detection threshold varies as an exponential function of
      stimulus duration. For frequencies from 125 Hz to 8 kHz, integration time
      constant and stimulus frequency are inversely related. Response latencies are
      also affected by the duration of the stimulus. Results are considered in the
      light of similar measures obtained from human subjects.

PMID- 6826468
TI  - Variability of noise-induced damage in the guinea pig cochlea:
      electrophysiological and morphological correlates after strictly controlled
      exposures.
AB  - Anaesthetized guinea pigs were exposed to loud tones (1 h, 10 kHz, 112-118 dB
      SPL) with continuous control of the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane. N1
      electrocochleograms were used to measure functional damage immediately and 21
      days after the exposure. Damage to the organ of Corti was assessed by scanning
      electron microscopy and light and transmission electron microscopy. Principal
      findings were: (1) Functional impairment after 21 days showed large inter-animal
      variation which was not the result of changes in the effective damaging energy.
      (2) Structural damage to the stereocilia was also variable and did not always
      correlate with functional impairment, although when N1 thresholds were elevated
      damage to the stereocilia was always present. (3) Unknown factors within the
      cochlea must be responsible for variations in individual susceptibility to
      permanent noise-induced hearing loss.

PMID- 6826470
TI  - An active process in cochlear mechanics.
AB  - A model for cochlear mechanics is proposed to take account of its two systems,
      one passive and one active. The classical passive system stimulates the inner
      hair cells directly at levels above about 40 dB SL. At intensities below about 60
      dB an active process, the 'cochlear amplifier' (CA), somehow provides additional
      energy that enhances the vibration of a narrow segment of the basilar membrane
      near the apical foot of the familiar, traveling wave envelope. The outer hair
      cells are essential for CA. The active system acts like a high-Q acoustic
      resonator, and it accounts for the great sensitivity and sharp tuning expressed
      by the 'tips' of neural tuning curves. The tips are selectively vulnerable to
      anoxia, noise exposure and other trauma. The CA model explains the detection of
      small differences in time as well as in frequency, the dual character of the
      electrocochleogram, recruitment of loudness in cochlear hearing impairment, the
      long latency of normal neural responses near threshold, acoustic emissions (both
      stimulated and spontaneous) and the locus of TTS in the frequency range above the
      exposure tone. Both the classical high-intensity system and the active low-level
      CA system are highly nonlinear and they combine to compress the great dynamic
      range of hearing into a much narrower range of mechanical movement of the cilia
      of the inner hair cells. The mechanism of CA is unknown, and the problem remains
      of how its action can be triggered by submolecular movements near threshold.

PMID- 6826469
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic identification of enkephalin-like
      peptides in the cochlea.
AB  - Met-enkephalin was identified in cochleae from guinea pigs by a combined reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and subsequent
      radioimmunoassay of the chromatographic fractions. A second Met-enkephalin
      immunoreactive fraction was found in the cochlea, with a retention time shorter
      than that of Met-enkephalin. These findings confirm and extend earlier
      cytochemical observations, and suggest the differential immunocytochemical
      staining seen under inner and outer hair cells in the cochlea may be related to
      different peptides in the two efferent systems innervating the cochlea. Different
      molecular forms of enkephalin-related peptides may serve different functional or
      metabolic roles in complex efferent or local regulation of peripheral sensory
      processing.

PMID- 6826471
TI  - Tonotopic organisation of the auditory midbrain nuclei of the midwife toad
      (Alytes obstetricans).
AB  - The torus semicircularis (TS) of Alytes obstetricans is tonotopically organized.
      A stereotactic system was used to obtain isointensity responses with a few-units
      recording method; at each recording site the dominant frequency (that eliciting
      maximal discharge) was noted. Neurons activated by acoustic stimuli were found in
      the laminar, principal and magnocellular nuclei; they were rare in the
      commissural nucleus, and in the subependymal nucleus no stimulus-correlated
      responses were recorded. High-frequency dominance (greater than or equal to 900
      Hz) was found only in a particular region of the torus, extending from
      caudomedial to rostrolateral, and it was restricted to ventral sites in the
      caudal and lateral parts of this region. In a few of the more rostral
      penetrations high-frequency dominance was found at dorsal as well as ventral
      positions. In a rostromedial area high-frequency neurons predominated over the
      entire dorsoventral extent of the torus, and in a caudolateral area low-frequency
      (less than 500 Hz) neurons were similarly distributed. The maximal discharge
      elicited by high tones proved, almost without exception, to derive from neurons
      of the laminar and magnocellular nuclei. Low-frequency dominance was found at
      some positions in these nuclei as well as in the principal and commissural
      nuclei.

PMID- 6826473
TI  - Pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the castrate male bovine: effects of
      testosterone or estradiol replacement therapy.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory profiles have been determined for the male
      bovine following castration and steroid replacement therapy. Serum LH
      concentrations increased approximately threefold during the first week following
      castration and thereafter remained elevated (6.6 +/- .7 ng/ml). Castrates not
      receiving steroid replacement showed a rhythmic pattern of LH release that was of
      high frequency (mean pulse interval; 85 +/- 5 min) and high amplitude (mean peak
      concentration, 11.2 +/- 1.4 ng/ml). Chronic administration of estradiol-17 beta
      via subdermal Silastic implants reduced mean serum LH concentrations (2.1 +/- .3
      ng/ml) and blocked the pulsatile pattern of LH release in all steers. Similar
      administration of testosterone suppressed mean serum LH and blocked pulsatile LH
      release in two of four animals. The number of implants used in this study
      provided physiological concentrations of estradiol (9.8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml) and
      testosterone (4.1 +/- .2 ng/ml) in systemic blood for the two respective
      treatment groups. Differences in the LH secretory profiles among testosterone
      implanted steers may have been related, in part, to differences in the amounts of
      steroid not bound to serum proteins. These findings demonstrate that estradiol is
      a particularly potent inhibitor of pulsatile LH secretion in the male bovine and
      suggest that gonadal steroid feedback on LH secretion may, in part, be imposed at
      the level of the hypothalamus. The mechanism for pulsatile LH release is
      discussed relative to a centrally-located luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      pulse generator.

PMID- 6826472
TI  - Compensatory responses of swine following protein insufficiency in grower diets.
AB  - Four trials involving 426 crossbred pigs were conducted to determine the effect
      of protein restriction during early growth on subsequent performance and carcass
      characteristics at 100 kg. The experimental animals averaged 25 to 27 kg initial
      weight in trials 1, 2 and 3, and 18.2, 22.7 and 27.3 kg in three weight groups in
      trial 4. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal supplemented diets of 12, 14 or 16%
      protein. Protein restriction (12 or 14% protein diets), to 52 kg in trial 1 and
      during the initial 4-wk period in trials 2, 3 and 4, reduced rate and efficiency
      of growth; performance was reduced more on 12% protein diets. In the subsequent
      growth period, early protein restriction improved gain and feed to gain ratio.
      Performance for the total period was similar for pigs fed a 14% protein diet
      continuously to that of pigs fed a 16 to 14% protein sequence when pigs had an
      initial weight of 25 kg or more. However, lighter weight pigs did not completely
      compensate for decreased performance during the early 4-wk period. Carcass
      characteristics were similar for all protein sequences.

PMID- 6826474
TI  - Effects of excessive iodide administered in the dry period on thyroid function
      and health of dairy cows and their calves in the periparturient period.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in three successive years in which iodide (I) doses of
      1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight were given to 47 dairy cows during the
      dry period, compared with 16 control cows on basal diets of 1 ppm I. Effects on
      cows dosed at 1.25 and 2.5 mg I/kg (50 and 100 ppm dry feed) were not different
      from controls in terms of vitality of calves, changes in plasma thyroxine (T4),
      plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine secretion rate and 10-mo milk yields of
      the lactation after treatment. Cows dosed with 5 and 7.5 mg I/kg (200 and 300 ppm
      dry feed) averaged 272.8 d gestation, which was significantly shorter than 279.5
      d for all cows on lesser I intakes. Abnormal calves at birth were 25% from the
      two highest I dosages vs 8% from controls plus the two lowest I dosages. Average
      plasma T4 and T3 decreased on the day of calving by about 30%, while plasma total
      I increased about 20%. Changes were greatest in cows fed high I dosages for the
      longest period prepartum. Plasma I and T3 of calves at birth were about three
      times the concentrations in their dam's plasma and plasma T4 of neonatal calves
      was four to five times greater than their dams. Highest dosages of I for dams
      tended to depress plasma T4 and T3 in neonatal calves.

PMID- 6826476
TI  - Effect of feeding fat and altering weaning schedule on rebreeding in primiparous
      sows.
AB  - Primiparous sows that farrowed on a commercial farm during late summer in 1980 (n
      = 65) or late winter in 1981 (n = 62) and lactated 3 to 4 wk were used. Sows were
      assigned in a factorial experiment to one of two lactation diets (control or 10%
      fat-supplemented) and one of three periods (0, 2 or 5 d) of early weaning of the
      heaviest one-half of the litter. Days from weaning to estrus averaged 16.7 +/-
      1.5 and 8.7 +/- 1.6 in summer and winter, respectively, and the season X diet
      interaction was significant for days from weaning to estrus and percentage of
      sows that exhibited estrus after weaning. In summer, supplementing diets with fat
      reduced the weaning-to-estrus interval from 20.9 +/- 2.1 to 12.6 +/- 2.1 d and
      increased percentage of sows in estrus by 10 d postweaning from 34 to 59. In
      winter, days from weaning to estrus tended to be greater and percentage of sows
      in estrus by 10 d postweaning tended to be less in sows fed fat-supplemented
      diets (10.3 +/- 2.5, 74%) than in sows fed control diets (7.1 +/- 2.9, 82%). Over
      both seasons, weaning one-half the litter 2 d early (2-d group) increased the
      percentage of sows in estrus by 10 d after weaning (77%) compared with 5-d (58%)
      or 0-d (51%) groups. Total litter weight at weaning was not affected by season,
      diet or days with one-half litter. However, piglets of lightest weight remaining
      on sows two or five extra days gained .09 +/- .03 kg/d more than lightest weight
      pigs in control (0-d) litters over the same interval. Early weaning of heaviest
      pigs may improve reproductive performance of primiparous sows in summer and
      winter, while supplementing lactation diets with fat may improve performance in
      summer, when weaning-to-estrus interval is longer than in winter.

PMID- 6826477
TI  - Critical issues facing animal scientists.
AB  - An important series of issues confronts the animal research scientist involved in
      meeting world needs for food products from animal agriculture. The major issues
      stem from societal pressures for improved products, for prevention of chemical
      pollution of the biosphere, and for wise use of animal resources in toxicological
      testing and research. The following issues are among those treated in the present
      discussion: (1) There is a need to obtain reliable dosage vs response information
      for chronic effects produced in the human by food additive chemicals. (2) There
      is a need for toxicological research on combined hazard from multiple
      contaminants in animal food products. (3) There is a requirement for development
      of methodology for proper usage and (or) disposal of chemically contaminated
      animal food products. (4) The public must be educated with respect to the
      absolute necessity for use of intact animals in biological research, to
      supplement information from in vitro systems. (5) Animal scientists must
      characterize fully each animal species and strain employed in research and
      testing, to guarantee reproducibility of results. (6) Animal scientists must
      evolve a universal set of principles for translation of animal toxicity data into
      prediction of human hazard. (7) Animal scientists should develop universally
      uniform methodology for toxicological testing of foods and food chemical
      residues. (8) Animal scientists should rebut national regulatory philosophies
      that derive from unsound science. (9) The animal scientist should assist
      regulatory authorities in developing sound, practical "Good Laboratory Practice"
      guidelines.

PMID- 6826475
TI  - Influence of dietary zinc or cadmium on hair and tissue mineral concentrations in
      rats and goats.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether concentrations of minerals
      in hair and other tissues of rats and goats are affected by level of dietary Zn
      or Cd. In the first experiment, rats were fed diets that contained 10.3, 20.5,
      33.7, 41.3 or 52.9 micrograms Zn/g for 57 d. Rats fed the diet that contained
      10.3 micrograms Zn/g suffered from mild Zn deficiency, as indicated by depressed
      feed intakes and slower growth rates than rats fed diets containing higher
      amounts of Zn. Zinc concentrations in hair (P less than .01), liver (P less than
      .01) and kidney (P less than .01) increased as dietary Zn increased. Confidence
      intervals for dietary Zn concentration predicted from Zn analysis of hair were
      large. In the second experiment, rats were fed diets that contained .1, 4.0, 7.6,
      10.1 or 15.9 micrograms Cd/g for 57 d. Total growth, feed intake, feed efficiency
      and liver, kidney and testes weights were not affected (P greater than .05) by
      dietary Cd concentration. Cadmium increased linearly in liver (P less than .01)
      and kidney (P less than .01) and quadratically in testes (P less than .01) as Cd
      intake increased, but Cd in hair was not affected by dietary level of Cd. High
      correlations between Cd concentrations in liver (R2 = .88) and kidney (R2 = .90)
      and dietary Cd concentration indicate that Cd intakes of rats may be accurately
      predicted from Cd analyses of these tissues. In the third experiment, goats were
      fed diets containing 0, 10.4, 18.0 or 28.5 micrograms Cd/g for 125 d. Growth,
      feed intake, feed efficiency and liver and kidney weights were not affected by
      dietary Cd intake. Cadmium in hair samples was not affected by level of dietary
      Cd; however, cadmium in liver (P less than .01), kidney (P less than .01) and
      proximal duodenum (P less than .01) increased as dietary Cd increased. Cadmium in
      liver, kidney, lungs and proximal duodenum was highly correlated (R2 = .67, .89,
      .57, .49, respectively) with dietary Cd concentration.

PMID- 6826478
TI  - Metabolism and kinetics in the regulation of animal drugs.
AB  - "Criteria and Procedures for Evaluating Assays for Carcinogenic Residues,"
      popularly known as the "Sensitivity of the Method (SOM)" proposal for the
      regulation of animal drugs and feed additives, employs an initial analysis to
      determine whether a compound must meet the requirements as a suspect carcinogen
      or the requirements for general food safety (GFS). Metabolism and kinetics of
      drug depletion play an important role in the six-step procedure that is used for
      either set of regulatory criteria. The only significant difference that exists
      between the two sets of criteria is the degree of testing required. However, the
      difference will usually not be manifest until positive findings of
      carcinogenicity in the chronic studies in laboratory animals trigger a further
      evaluation of the metabolism of the drug or feed additive. For both SOM and GFS,
      metabolic information will be used to determine the appropriateness of the test
      species as well as to help select a compound for residue analysis. Residue
      depletion kinetics in the food animals also play an integral role in the
      selection of species-strains for toxicity testing selection as well as in the
      selection of the compound for residue analysis in food. Furthermore, depletion
      kinetics are used to set a safe withdrawal period. The development of guidelines
      is discussed.

PMID- 6826479
TI  - Selection and concurrent inbreeding in simulated beef herds.

PMID- 6826480
TI  - Relationship between growth rate in bulls and human chorionic gonadotropin
      induced plasma testosterone concentrations.
AB  - In the selection of bulls for breeding purposes growth rate is an important
      characteristic. In this study 411 bulls, 5 to 11 mo of age were subjected to a
      human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation test. Plasma testosterone 7 h
      postinjection of hCG was related to monthly weight gain in the month of blood
      sampling and to daily gain from 3 to 11 mo of age. The bulls were divided into
      two groups according to plasma testosterone concentrations; those with values
      above and those with values below the average for each age group. Over all ages
      (5 to 11 mo), the bulls in the high testosterone group had higher monthly (P less
      than .001) and daily (P less than .025) weight gain than those in the low
      testosterone group. However, when split into two groups according to age (5 to 7
      and 8 to 11 mo), only the older animals showed the relationship described above.
      The results indicate that determination of plasma testosterone might supplement
      other criteria in the selection of breeding bulls for beef production. Eight to
      11 mo of age, when differences between high and low levels of testosterone were
      greatest, would appear to be the most suitable period for sampling.

PMID- 6826481
TI  - Effect of propranolol on muscle glycogen metabolism during social regrouping of
      young bulls.

PMID- 6826483
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism of gravid and nongravid female swine fed every third day.
AB  - Crossbred gilts were adapted for 40 d to a 12% crude protein corn-soybean meal
      gestation diet fed either as a single 1.9-kg meal every day (ED) or as an
      accumulated 5.7 kg meal every third day (E3D). In the first experiment the effect
      of meal frequency on N balance was evaluated using eight gravid gilts in a 12-d
      balance trial. Average N retention was greater (P less than .08) for gilts fed ED
      (15.32 g/d) than for those fed E3D (12.64 g/d). Daily urinary N excretion showed
      a quadratic effect (P less than .01) with the greatest N output occurring during
      the second 24-h period after the meal for gilts fed E3D. The effect of
      physiological state on the N metabolism response to E3D feeding was measured in a
      second experiment using four nongravid and four gravid gilts in a 12-d N balance
      experiment. Average daily N retention was greater (P less than .04) for gravid
      gilts fed E3D (15.04 g) than for nongravid gilts fed E3D (11.82 g). Digestibility
      of N and energy was not affected (P greater than .10) by feeding regimen.

PMID- 6826482
TI  - Digestible energy requirements for exercising horses.

PMID- 6826484
TI  - Changes in sensitivity testing.

PMID- 6826485
TI  - In-vitro effects of vancomycin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid, alone and in
      combination, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined for
      eighteen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, the majority also
      resistant to gentamicin, obtained from the blood of bacteraemic patients. Fifty
      per cent of organisms had a greater than four-fold difference in M.I.C. and
      M.B.C. for vancomycin, 83% for rifampicin, and 89% for fusidic acid. In-vitro
      effects of two-drug combinations of vancomycin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid
      demonstrated neither synergy nor antagonism when measured by a checkerboard
      dilution technique. The relevance of these findings to choice of therapy of
      serious infection due to methicillin-gentamicin resistant Staph. aureus is yet to
      be determined.

PMID- 6826486
TI  - The penetration of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid into peritoneal fluid.
AB  - Thirty patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were given 1 g amoxycillin
      plus 0 . 2 g clavulanic acid as a single intravenous injection at varying times
      prior to the operation. Sterile assay discs were placed on the peritoneal surface
      in order to measure peritoneal fluid levels of each agent. Simultaneous serum
      levels were also measured. A total of 44 simultaneous serum and peritoneal
      samples were analysed. There was rapid penetration of both agents into peritoneal
      fluid. The mean peritoneal fluid levels of amoxycillin were 84% (S.D. 34) of the
      serum level and 66% 42) for clavulanic acid. The peritoneal levels of both agents
      declined in parallel to the serum levels (the half-lives all being about 1 h) and
      the ratio of amoxycillin: clavulanic acid in serum and peritoneal fluid was
      similar to that as administered.

PMID- 6826487
TI  - Cefamandole-aminoglycoside therapy of experimental enterococcal endocarditis.
AB  - Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside therapy of human enterococcal endocarditis has been
      associated with a high incidence of clinical failure. The comparative efficacy of
      three cephalosporin antibiotics (cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin), in
      combination with gentamicin, was studied in a rabbit model of enterococcal
      endocarditis. The cefamandole-gentamicin combination produced higher rates of
      cure, despite the administration of comparatively lower doses. Studies of
      antibiotic penetration into a fibrin thrombus indicated that cefamandole
      penetrated the thrombus readily. The greater efficacy of the cefamandole
      gentamicin combination may be related to the superior penetration of cefamandole
      into the fibrin-rich vegetations of endocarditis.

PMID- 6826488
TI  - Anti-influenza A activity of combinations of amantadine and ribavirin in ferret
      tracheal ciliated epithelium.
AB  - The anti-influenza A activities of amantadine and ribavirin were investigated
      separately and in combination. Ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium was
      continuously exposed to the drugs at concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l)
      comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration. Each drug
      alone produced a modest delay in A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) induced cytopathic effect.
      The combination of drugs synergistically delayed cytopathic effect. At 1 mg/l of
      each, cytopathic effect was prevented in 75% of rings for the 28-day duration of
      the experiment. This effect was greater than that of 32 mg/l of amantadine or 64
      mg/l of ribavirin as single antiviral drugs. Peak virus production was suppressed
      4.4 log-fold by the combination of 1 mg/l of each drug. This is in contrast to
      amantadine alone which suppressed peak virus production by 1 log-fold and
      ribavirin along which at 1 mg/l suppressed peak virus production by 1.9 log-fold.
      At lower concentrations, the drugs were at least additive in suppression of virus
      production.

PMID- 6826490
TI  - Impact of attrition on studies of noncompliance.

PMID- 6826489
TI  - Concentrations of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim in nasal secretion after co
      trimazine administration.
AB  - Co-trimazine (1 g) was given once daily to 20 healthy volunteers during four
      days. Serum and nasal secretion concentrations were measured after the fourth
      dose. Secretion levels exceeded those in serum by a factor of 1.36
      (sulphadiazine) and 2.96 (trimethoprim) (as expressed by the ratio of the AUC of
      secretion and serum concentrations). The average ratios of the concentrations of
      sulphadiazine to trimethoprim were 11.6-15.3 and 4.8-10.3 in serum and secretion
      respectively. During the dosage interval of 24 h, sulphadiazine and trimethoprim
      concentrations exceeded the MIC values of the common respiratory pathogens in
      serum and secretion.

PMID- 6826492
TI  - Thermal sensation shifts induced by physical and psychological means.

PMID- 6826493
TI  - Use of hypnosis to enhance eyewitness accuracy: does it work?

PMID- 6826491
TI  - Orientation in buildings: effects of familiarity, visual access, and orientation
      aids.

PMID- 6826494
TI  - Colorimetric determination of propoxur and its residues in vegetables.
AB  - A method has been developed for the determination of propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl
      N-methylcarbamate) based on the hydrolysis of propoxur with methanolic potassium
      hydroxide to its phenol and coupling with diazotized 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone.
      The orange complex formed has an absorption maximum at 500 nm and obeys Beer's
      law in the range 0.25-5.0 micrograms/mL. The method can be applied to levels as
      low as 0.5 ppm propoxur from vegetables.

PMID- 6826495
TI  - Colorimetric method for field-screening above-tolerance parathion residues on and
      in citrus fruits.
AB  - A colorimetric technique has been developed which is suitable for use as a field
      screening method for detecting above-tolerance levels of parathion on and in
      citrus fruits. By using this method, a grower should be able to postpone
      harvesting a crop until parathion residues are below tolerance level, so that the
      crop is safe to market. The method depends on the reaction of parathion with 4-(p
      nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. Parathion is extracted by mixing chopped citrus rind with
      acetone in a hand-operated homogenizer. The extract is partially cleaned by a
      partitioning step before final cleanup with a Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge. The
      colored reaction solution is read at 560 nm by using a portable, rechargeable
      spectrophotometer. A single test can be completed in about 75 min; the average
      time per test when several are conducted sequentially is considerably shorter.
      The analytical system responds readily to less than 5 ppm parathion on or in 1 g
      navel orange rind, which corresponds to less than 1 ppm in the whole fruit. The
      present U.S. tolerance for parathion on or in citrus is 1 ppm on a whole fruit
      basis. Preliminary work indicates that the method should also be suitable for
      apples.

PMID- 6826496
TI  - Improved method for determination and identification of serotonin in foods.
AB  - A previously described method to identify and quantitate serotonin in foods has
      been improved. The extraction and separation of serotonin from interfering
      substances has been improved, and the scope of material to which the method may
      be applied has been widened. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeated
      determinations of serotonin in canned fried tomato puree and the average recovery
      of serotonin added to the same sample was 6.25 and 89.9%, respectively. The
      method showed the presence of serotonin in apricots, cherries, and peaches.

PMID- 6826497
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic screening method for determination of methyl mercury
      in tuna and swordfish.
AB  - A rapid screening method has been developed for determining methyl mercury in
      tuna and swordfish. Fish tissue is blended with acidic KBr solution to release
      methyl mercury, which is then extracted into methylene chloride. After cleanup by
      partitioning with cysteine, the methyl mercury is extracted into toluene and
      determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The proposed method compares favorably
      with the official AOAC atomic absorption method.

PMID- 6826498
TI  - Selected ion mass spectrometric identification of chlorophenol residues in human
      urine.
AB  - A method is presented for the detection and confirmation of trace chlorophenol
      residues in environmental and biological samples by mass spectrometry with
      selected ion monitoring (SIM). Propionate and acetate ester derivatives of
      phenol, cresols, mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachlorophenols, pentachlorophenol, as
      well as the internal standard 4,6-dibromo-o-cresol, were prepared directly in
      aqueous solution, using the appropriate anhydride reagent. The acetate or
      propionate esters were quantitatively extracted and then separated by gas-liquid
      chromatography using either an SP-1240DA or OV-101 packed column. Electron impact
      SIM was carried out by simultaneously monitoring up to 4 diagnostic fragment ions
      of each chlorinated phenol. The use of SIM eliminated background interference
      encountered using flame ionization or electron capture detectors, and allowed
      identification of chlorophenol residues in extracts of urine samples collected
      from individuals without known exposure to chlorophenols. Phenol concentrations
      as low as 1.0 pmol/mL urine gave peaks that were readily discernible by SIM.

PMID- 6826499
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of Bifidobacterium bifidum
      growth factors in human milk.
AB  - An isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been
      developed for the determination of Bifidobacterium bifidum growth factors in
      human milk. The method involves the gradual addition of 3 volumes of ethanol to
      the milk sample, filtration, and analysis of the growth factors in the filtrate
      by HPLC. The HPLC system consisted of a carbohydrate analysis column, a water
      acetonitrile (70 + 30) solvent system, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a
      refractive index detector. The method is simpler and requires less time than the
      present microbiological method. Moreover, it revealed for the first time the
      presence of 2 separable growth factors in all human milk samples tested. The HPLC
      method developed is sensitive and can be used to monitor the type and the amount
      of growth factors in mothers' milk during lactation.

PMID- 6826500
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of aminacrine hydrochloride in creams, jellies,
      and suppositories.
AB  - A visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitation of
      aminacrine hydrochloride in creams, jellies, and suppositories. Aminacrine
      hydrochloride was extracted into acidic ethanol and its visible spectrum was
      recorded. The amount present was calculated by determining the net absorbance
      between the absorbance maximum at about 402 nm and one-half the sum of the
      absorbances of the minima at about 389 and 412 nm. Aminacrine and a trace
      contaminant, 9(10H)-acridone, were independently identified by different thin
      layer chromatographic systems.

PMID- 6826501
TI  - Evaluation of fluorometric determination-thin layer chromatographic
      identification of aminacrine hydrochloride in drug preparations.
AB  - Utilizing the fluorescent property of aminacrine hydrochloride and a filter
      fluorometer, a fluorometric method for aminacrine hydrochloride in drug
      combinations was developed, collaboratively studied, and adopted as official
      first action in the 11th edition of Official Methods of Analysis. Identity was
      confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Additional analytical work was
      undertaken with a grating fluorometer to support a change in the method status to
      official final action. The grating instrument recorded the aminacrine
      hydrochloride spectrum as opposed to the total fluorescence emission measured by
      the filter instrument. The spectrum of aminacrine hydrochloride showed that the
      molecule was exhibiting self-absorption of the emitted radiation even at
      concentrations of 10(-6)M and that the ratio of the 2 peaks in the emission
      spectrum varied with concentration. Additional analyses of an authentic cream
      preparation that also contained sulfanilamide gave an average recovery of 86.0%
      for aminacrine hydrochloride in 10 replicate portions. Because of these
      observations, the current Associate Referee's recommendation to delete the
      fluorometric procedure from the 13th edition of Official Methods of Analysis was
      adopted. A recommended deletion of the TLC identification test was also adopted.

PMID- 6826502
TI  - Liquid chromatographic analysis of samples containing cocaine, local anesthetics,
      and other amines.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the separation of cocaine,
      local anesthetics, and other amines often encountered in cocaine look-alike
      preparations. Amines such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine
      are identified following derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate. The isocratic,
      reverse phase method uses dual wavelength detection at 254 and 280 nm.

PMID- 6826503
TI  - Simple colorimetric method for determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin
      B6) in pharmaceuticals.
AB  - A simple colorimetric method is described for the determination of pyridoxine
      hydrochloride (vitamin B6). The method is based on the measurement of an orange
      species formed when pyridoxine hydrochloride is treated with diazotized dapsone
      and sulfanilamide in a mixture of trichloroacetic acid and sulfuric acid at room
      temperature, followed by treatment with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate.
      Compounds such as thiamine hydrochloride, cyanocobalamin, and common excipients
      such as starch and talc which are present in various formulations with pyridoxine
      hydrochloride do not interfere in the reaction. Statistical validation showed
      that the method was highly precise and accurate. Results agree well with those
      obtained by other methods reported in the literature.

PMID- 6826504
TI  - Determination of penicillin G, ampicillin, and cephapirin residues in tissues.
AB  - A cylinder plate microbiological method was developed for the rapid, quantitative
      determination of penicillin G, ampicillin, and cephapirin in animal tissues. The
      method uses agar plates seeded with stable spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus
      var. calidolactis and incubated 4 h at 64 degrees C. Standard curves were
      obtained for the following ranges of concentration of antibiotics in tissues:
      0.02-0.32 IU penicillin G/g, 0.0125-0.2 micrograms ampicillin/g, and 0.02-0.32
      micrograms cephapirin/g. The proposed method is suitable not only for penicillin
      residue analysis, for which the sensitivity has been greatly improved compared
      with the Sarcina lutea method, but also for depletion studies on these
      antibiotics, which are commonly used to treat diseases in food-producing animals.

PMID- 6826505
TI  - Turbidimetric assay of penicillin in feeds: addition of magnesium sulfate to
      eliminate chlortetracycline interference.
AB  - The official AOAC method for extracting penicillin from feeds allows some
      chlortetracycline to be co-extracted if the latter is also present in the sample.
      This can cause a high bias in results obtained by using the turbidimetric assay
      in which the test organism is sensitive to both antibiotics. In this report, we
      show that magnesium ions can be used to circumvent the interference of
      chlortetracycline in the turbidimetric assay for penicillin.

PMID- 6826506
TI  - Automated determination of crude protein, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and
      magnesium in feeds by using stopped-flow analyzer.
AB  - Methods are described for determination of crude protein, phosphorus, calcium,
      iron, and magnesium in feeds, using an automated microprocessor-based stopped
      flow analyzer. Crude protein is determined by a reaction-rate procedure based on
      the ammonia-sodium phenate-hypochloride Berthelot reaction. Phosphorus
      determination is based on a phosphomolybdenum blue reaction-rate method. o
      Cresolphthalein complexone, ferrozine, and calmagite are used as colorimetric
      reagents for calcium, iron, and magnesium, respectively. The methods are precise
      with relative standard deviations less than 1%, rapid with analysis rates of 110
      266 samples per hour, sensitive, and require less than 1 mL sample and reagent
      volumes. Results for feed samples are comparable with those obtained by official
      AOAC methods.

PMID- 6826507
TI  - Problems in collection of representative samples for determination of
      tributoxyethyl phosphate in potable water.

PMID- 6826508
TI  - Treatment of freshly harvested 1980 Georgia dent corn samples collected for
      aflatoxin analysis.
AB  - In 1980, corn was harvested from six 15-ft rows in each of 67 fields in Georgia
      for aflatoxin analysis. Every sixth ear from each field was placed in a sample
      bag to be dried the day of collection. The rest of the corn was husked and
      shipped to Peoria in cardboard boxes. When undried ear samples arrived in Peoria,
      each sample was randomly separated into 5 equivalent subsamples. One set of 67
      subsamples was shelled and dried as soon as possible to avoid further aflatoxin
      formation. Two other sets of 67 subsamples were stored 3 and 6 weeks before
      shelling and drying. The remaining 2 sets of ear samples were placed in plastic
      bags with 5% Monoprop (1 part propionic acid plus 1 part versite) and stored 3
      and 6 weeks before shelling and drying. The samples dried in Georgia before
      shipping had an average total aflatoxin level of 217 ng/g. Samples shelled and
      dried immediately after arrival had an average level of 202 ng/g. Samples shelled
      and dried after 3 and 6 weeks of storage had average total aflatoxin levels of
      417 and 387 ng/g, respectively. Samples stored 3 and 6 weeks in the presence of
      5% Monoprop (2.5% propionic acid) had average total aflatoxin levels of 120 and
      157 ng/g, respectively.

PMID- 6826509
TI  - Presumptive screening test for seminal acid phosphatase using sodium
      thymolphthalein monophosphate.
AB  - The use of sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate for presumptive seminal acid
      phosphatase testing is discussed. Recent evidence reveals that the dye (o
      dianisidine) used in conjunction with alpha-naphthyl phosphate for seminal acid
      phosphatase testing is a carcinogenic hazard. Numerous tests for seminal acid
      phosphatase were conducted with swabs from sexual assault kits to compare both
      substrates. Results of tests using sodium thymolphthalein or alpha-naphthyl
      phosphate correlated exactly. Sodium thymolphthalein is an effective alternative
      for preliminary seminal fluid analysis because of its high degree of selectivity
      and stability, and because it eliminates the potential health hazard.

PMID- 6826510
TI  - Rapid extraction and gas-liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and
      sorbic acids in beverages.
AB  - A rapid method for extraction and quantitative determination of sorbic and
      benzoic acids in carbonated drinks and fruit juices is described. Acidified
      sample aliquots are transferred onto an Extrelut column. Acid preservatives are
      then eluted from the column with a mixture of ethyl ether-petroleum ether.
      Content of preservatives in the concentrated ethereal extract is readily
      determined by temperature-programmed gas-liquid chromatography without the need
      to prepare derivatives.

PMID- 6826513
TI  - Reliability of analyses for indigenous insect fragments in ground paprika.

PMID- 6826512
TI  - Sources of variance in the bioassay of protein value.
AB  - A factorial design was used to simultaneously evaluate the relative effect of 8
      experimental factors and their interactions on the weanling rat bioassay of
      protein value: (1) source of protein: ANRC casein, lactalbumin, high-protein
      wheat flour; (2) protein level of the diet: 5 and 10%; (3) dietary fat level: 10
      and 20% corn oil; (4) animal: ARS-Sprague-Dawley, from Taconic Farms; (5) age of
      animal: 21 and 28 days; (6) acclimation time: 2 and 4 days; (7) replication: 2
      complete replications in time; and (8) duration of the test: food consumption and
      body weights were measured at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28 days after
      starting the test diet and converted to the ratio of grams of weight gained per
      gram of protein consumed for each weigh day. The official AOAC method for
      determining the protein efficiency ratio was followed with minor modifications.
      All 8 factors and many of their possible interactions appeared to significantly
      influence the measured ratios. When the ratios were adjusted by reference to the
      corresponding value for casein as a control, fat level, rat source, rat age, and
      acclimation time were no longer significant sources of variation. Plots of
      measured ratios and their coefficients of variation against time suggest that the
      optimum assay time varies with the protein but that the assay time should not be
      less than 21 days. The generally used 28-day assay time seems to offer no
      increase in precision over 21 days.

PMID- 6826514
TI  - Rapid thin layer chromatographic determination of patulin, citrinin, and
      aflatoxin in apples and pears, and their juices and jams.
AB  - A method is described to determine the mycotoxins patulin, citrinin, and
      aflatoxins in apples and pears and their juices and jams. The mycotoxins are
      extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% aqueous KC1 (9 + 1). The extract
      is cleaned up with water and then acidified, and the toxins are recovered with
      chloroform and separated by thin layer chromatography. Toxin identity is
      confirmed with various developing solvents, spray reagents, and chemical
      reactions, and then quantitated by the limit of detection method. The minimum
      detectable concentrations of the mycotoxins are patulin, 120-130 micrograms/kg;
      citrinin, 30-40 micrograms/kg; aflatoxin B1 or G1, 2-2.8 micrograms/kg; aflatoxin
      B2 or G2, 2 micrograms/kg.

PMID- 6826515
TI  - Survey of vomitoxin contamination of 1980 Ontario white winter wheat crop:
      results of survey and feeding trials.
AB  - During the harvesting of the 1980 Ontario white winter wheat crop, producers
      noticed pink discoloration on kernels; this was attributed to Fusarium mold.
      Grain elevator and boatload samples were analyzed for mycotoxin contamination.
      Vomitoxin levels up to 8 ppm were detected in samples from southwestern Ontario.
      Other suspected mycotoxins were either nondetectable or present in trace amounts.
      Fusarium-contaminated wheat and clean wheat were added to swine and poultry diets
      for feeding trials. Feed refusal and decreased weight gains were observed in pigs
      fed diets containing 0.3 and 0.7 ppm vomitoxin, but there was no vomiting or
      other ill effects. Adult roosters and laying hens fed diets containing vomitoxin
      levels similar to those of the pig diets did not show any overt toxicological
      effects. Chemical analysis of suspected field cases of vomitoxin-contaminated
      feed did not reveal high vomitoxin levels.

PMID- 6826511
TI  - Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of sulfathiazole residues in
      honey.
AB  - Sulfathiazole residues were extracted from honey by homogenizing samples in
      acetone, filtering, and then evaporating the acetone under nitrogen at 40 degrees
      C. The remaining extract was transferred to a separatory funnel with 1N HCl and
      ethyl ether. An aliquot of the retained acid layer was screened by using the
      Bratton-Marshall reaction. If the test was positive, the remaining portion was
      analyzed directly through a mu Bondapak phenyl column monitored by a UV detector
      at 254 nm. The mobile phase was potassium phosphate monobasic in 10% acetonitrile
      adjusted to pH 3.0. Time for elution was 13 min. Average recoveries were 78% at
      the 0.1 ppm spiking level and 68% at the 1.0 ppm level. The minimum detectable
      amount was 0.06 ppm based on a spiked sample extract.

PMID- 6826516
TI  - Preparation and characterization of acid dehydration products of aflatoxicol.
AB  - Treatment of aflatoxicol with acid resulted in the formation of dehydrated
      derivatives with the 2,3 double bond either hydrated or unaffected.
      Chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the purified derivatives revealed
      that hydration of the 2,3 double bond of aflatoxicol with simultaneous
      dehydration occurred when sulfuric acid was used. When a weaker acid such as
      chloroacetic acid was used, no hydration occurred, and 2 isomeric forms of the
      dehydrated aflatoxicol were obtained. Chicken embryo assay and the Ames test
      revealed that dehydrated aflatoxicols were much less toxic and mutagenic than
      aflatoxicol. A mechanism for the dehydration of aflatoxicol is proposed.

PMID- 6826517
TI  - Iron-binding compounds of Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, M.
      scrofulaceum, and mycobactin-dependent M. paratuberculosis and M. avium.
AB  - Fifty-three strains of M. avium and related species all produced one or more
      exochelins, the extracellular iron-binding compounds of the mycobacteria, when
      grown iron deficiently. Only those strains which could grow without the addition
      of mycobactin (i.e., mycobactin independent) produced mycobactin, the
      intracellular iron-binding compound of the mycobacteria. Exochelins varied from
      20 to 2,000 micrograms per g of cell dry weight; mycobactins were between 1 and
      10 mg per g of cell dry weight. M. paratuberculosis (13 strains) and 13 strains
      of M. avium, both species dependent upon mycobactin for growth, failed to produce
      spectrophotometrically detectable amounts of mycobactin (less than 0.2 microgram
      per g of cell dry weight), although mycobactin could be recognized in one strain
      of M. avium grown with an additional supply of salicylate and examined by a
      radiolabeling technique. On repeated subculture three of the mycobactin-dependent
      strains of M. avium, but none of those of M. paratuberculosis, lost their
      mycobactin dependence and on reexamination were found to produce their own
      mycobactin at 0.3 mg per g of cell dry weight. It is concluded that mycobactin
      biosynthesis is probably strongly repressed in the mycobactin-dependent strains
      rather than being a genetic deletion. The exochelins, when examined by high
      pressure thin-layer chromatography were revealed as being multiples of similar
      compounds, with up to 20 individual iron-binding compounds being recognizable
      with some strains. It is argued that the exochelins represent the single most
      important means of iron acquisition in mycobacteria growing in vitro and in vivo,
      and their elaboration by the fastidious M. paratuberculosis and related species
      explains how these organisms are able to grow in vivo in the absence of an
      external supply of mycobactin.

PMID- 6826518
TI  - Control of synthesis of functional mRNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
      from Rhodosporidium toruloides.
AB  - The regulation of functional mRNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)
      from Rhodosporidium toruloides was investigated. Polyadenylic acid [poly(A)]
      containing RNA was an efficient template for in vitro translation in rabbit
      reticulocyte lysate. Non-poly(A)-containing RNA did not stimulate in vitro
      protein synthesis. Several lines of experimental evidence indicate that mRNA from
      R. toruloides directs PAL synthesis in reticulocyte lysate: (i) the major
      radioactive product in immunoprecipitates when lysates, incubated with yeast
      poly(A)-containing RNA, were reacted with PAL-antiserum had the same molecular
      weight as native PAL (75,000); (ii) this major radioactive product competes with
      authentic PAL for binding to PAL-antiserum; and (iii) partial proteolytic peptide
      maps of the in vitro translation product were very similar to those of native
      PAL. The levels of functional mRNA coding for PAL, when R. toruloides was grown
      in different physiological conditions, were determined by quantitation of PAL
      synthesized in vitro when RNA was added to reticulocyte lysate. Functional PAL
      mRNA was six times higher in yeast grown on phenylalanine compared with glucose
      phenylalanine minimal medium. No functional PAL mRNA was detected in yeast grown
      on glucose-ammonia minimal medium in the presence or absence of phenylalanine.
      These observed changes in functional PAL mRNA were similar to levels of PAL
      catalytic and antigenic activity. The kinetics of functional PAL mRNA synthesis
      and degradation were studied. Maximum levels of functional PAL mRNA were observed
      within 60 min of transfer to PAL-inducing growth conditions. Poly(A)-containing
      RNA and functional PAL mRNA were rapidly degraded when cells were transferred
      from phenylalanine to glucose-ammonia minimal medium, with half-lives of 25 and
      10 min, respectively. Thus, it is suggested that the alterations in the amount of
      PAL in cells of R. toruloides grown in different physiological conditions
      primarily result from alteration in the amount of functional mRNA coding for the
      enzyme.

PMID- 6826519
TI  - Development of salt-resistant active transport in a moderately halophilic
      bacterium.
AB  - The moderately halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola accumulates alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by active transport. Substantial amounts of Na(+) ions
      are needed for this transport. This is not due to an ionic requirement for
      respiration; cells respire as well as KCl as in NaCl but do not transport AIB in
      KCl. In cells grown in the presence of 1.0 or 2.0 M NaCl, AIB transport took
      place in higher NaCl concentrations than in cells grown in the presence of 0.5 M
      NaCl. The latter cells developed salt-resistant transport when they were exposed
      to 1.0 M NaCl in the presence of chloramphenicol and other antibiotics that
      inhibit protein synthesis. Two levels of salt-resistant transport were observed.
      One level (resistance to 3.0 M NaCl) developed in 1.0 M NaCl without the addition
      of nutrients, did not seem to require an increase in internal solute
      concentration, and was not lost when cells grown in 1.0 M NaCl were suspended in
      0.5 M NaCl. The second level (resistance to 4.0 M NaCl) developed in 1.0 M NaCl
      only when nutrients were added, may have required an increased internal solute
      concentration, and was lost when 1.0 M NaCl-grown cells were suspended in 0.5 M
      NaCl or KCl. Among the substances that stimulated the development of salt
      resistant AIB transport, betaine was especially active. Furthermore, direct
      addition of betaine permitted cells to transport AIB at higher NaCl
      concentrations. High salt concentrations inhibited endogenous respiration to a
      lesser extent than AIB transport, especially in 0.5 M NaCl-grown cells. Thus,
      these concentrations of salt did not inhibit AIB transport by inhibiting
      respiration. However, oxidation of glucose and oxidation of succinate were at
      least as sensitive to high salt concentrations as AIB transport, suggesting that
      a salt-sensitive transport step(s) is involved in the oxidation of these
      substrates.

PMID- 6826520
TI  - Digestion of proteoglycan by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
AB  - It has been shown previously that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a human colonic
      anaerobe, can utilize the tissue mucopolysaccharide chondroitin sulfate as a
      source of carbon and energy and that the enzymes involved in this utilization are
      all cell associated (A. A. Salyers and M. B. O'Brien, J. Bacteriol. 143:772-780,
      1980). Since chondroitin sulfate does not generally occur in isolated form in
      tissue, but rather is bound covalently in proteoglycan, we investigated the
      extent to which chondroitin sulfate which is bound in such a sterically hindered
      complex can be utilized by intact bacteria. Intact cells of B. thetaiotaomicron
      were able to digest chondroitin sulfate in proteoglycan, although at a slightly
      slower rate than free chondroitin sulfate. Prior digestion of proteoglycan with
      trypsin to produce small fragments of protein with several chondroitin sulfate
      chains attached did not increase the rate at which the bound chondroitin sulfate
      was digested. Accordingly, the slower rate of digestion was probably due to
      attachment of chondroitin sulfate chains to the protein backbone rather than to
      steric hindrance by other components of the proteoglycan. When proteoglycan which
      had been incubated with intact bacteria was treated with sodium borohydride to
      release the undigested fragments of chondroitin sulfate from the protein
      backbone, the size and composition of the fragments indicated that intact
      bacteria were able to digest all but three monosaccharides of the chondroitin
      sulfate chains. Thus, despite steric hindrance due to attachment of the
      chondroitin sulfate chains to the protein backbone, digestion of bound
      chondroitin sulfate by intact bacteria was nearly complete.

PMID- 6826521
TI  - Methylammonium uptake by Rhizobium sp. strain 32H1.
AB  - We present evidence that methylammonium is transported into cowpea Rhizobium sp.
      strain 32H1 cells by a membrane carrier whose natural substrate is ammonium.
      After growth in low (0.2%) oxygen, which is necessary for nitrogen fixation by
      these cells, respiring rhizobial cells took up [14C]methylammonium to high
      intracellular levels. Cells grown in atmospheric (21%) oxygen did not take up
      methylammonium. Uptake (transport plus metabolism) was maximal in cells harvested
      in the early stationary phase of batch culture and had a distinct pH optimum of
      6.5 to 7.0. Uptake was inhibited by metabolic poisons that dissipate the proton
      motive force or inhibit ATP synthesis. Inhibition of uptake by ammonium and the
      counterflow phenomenon indicated that ammonium and methylammonium share a
      transport carrier. Of the methylammonium taken up, about 15% was accumulated to
      intracellular levels 20 times higher than those in the medium; most of the
      methylammonium was metabolized to gamma-N-methylglutamine.

PMID- 6826523
TI  - Mycobacteriocins produced by rapidly growing mycobacteria are Tween-hydrolyzing
      esterases.
AB  - Smegmatocin, a protein produced by Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468, was found
      to have an esterase activity, hydrolyzing Tween 80, polyoxyethylene sorbitan
      monooleate, added to the assay medium for various "bacteriocins" from
      mycobacteria. Because M. diernhoferi ATCC 19340 (indicator strain for
      smegmatocin) is highly susceptible to oleic acid and smegmatocin requires Tween
      80 for manifestation of its anti-M. diernhoferi activity, it is likely that
      smegmatocin-mediated antimicrobial action is caused by oleic acid generated by
      hydrolysis of Tween 80 by the inherent esterase action of smegmatocin. Other
      mycobacteriocins from rapidly growing mycobacteria also have inherent esterase
      activity against Tween 80 and require Tween 80 for expression of
      antimycobacterial action. Smegmatocin was found to hydrolyze various
      polyoxyethylene (sorbitan) fatty acyl esters but not sorbitan monooleate and
      glyceryl esters.

PMID- 6826525
TI  - Isolation, identification, and synthesis of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic
      acid: a component of Propionibacterium acnes cell wall polysaccharide.
AB  - A previously undescribed component of the cell wall polysaccharide of
      Propionibacterium acnes, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid, has been
      identified and synthesized. The component occurs to the extent of about 3 to 5%
      in the wall polysaccharides of P. acnes types I and II and in Propionibacterium
      avidum types I and II; it also appears to be present, but in much smaller
      amounts, in the cell wall of Propionibacterium granulosum.

PMID- 6826522
TI  - Characterization of a new type of dissimilatory sulfite reductase present in
      Thermodesulfobacterium commune.
AB  - A new type of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase, desulfofuscidin, was isolated
      from the nonsporeforming thermophilic sulfate-reducing microorganism
      Thermodesulfobacterium commune. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated
      at 167,000 by sedimentation equilibrium, and the protein was pure by both disc
      electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The bisulfite reductase was a tetramer
      and had two types of subunits with an alpha(2)beta(2) structure and an individual
      molecular weight of 47,000. The enzyme exhibited absorption maxima at 576, 389,
      and 279 nm, with a weak band at 693 nm. Upon the addition of dithionite, the
      absorption maxima at 576 and 693 nm were weakened, and a new band appeared at 605
      nm. The protein reacted with CO in the presence of dithionite to give a complex
      with absorption peaks at 593, 548, and 395 nm. The extinction coefficients of the
      purified enzyme at 576, 389, and 279 nm were 89,000, 310,000, and 663,000 M(-1)
      cm(-1), respectively. Siroheme was detected as the prosthetic group. The protein
      contains 20 to 21 nonheme iron atoms and 16 to 17 acid-labile sulfur groups per
      molecule. The data suggest the presence of four sirohemes and probably four (4Fe
      4S) centers per molecule by comparison with desulfoviridin, the dissimilatory
      sulfite reductase from Desulfovibrio species. The protein contains 36 cysteine
      residues and is high in acidic and aromatic amino acids. The N-terminal amino
      acids of the alpha and beta subunits were threonine and serine, respectively.
      With reduced methyl viologen as electron donor, the major product of sulfite
      reduction was trithionate, and the pH optimum for activity was 6.0. The enzyme
      was stable to 70 degrees C and denatured rapidly above this temperature. The
      dependence of T. commune bisulfite reductase activity on temperature was linear
      between 35 and 65 degrees C, and the Q(10) values observed were above 3. The
      presence of this new type of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase in T. commune is
      discussed in terms of taxonomic significance.

PMID- 6826524
TI  - Nucleic acid relationships among Acholeplasma species.
AB  - 3H-labeled Acholeplasma DNA probes were generated in vitro by the nick
      translation method and used to determine the nucleotide sequence homology among
      the type strains of the eight currently recognized species of Acholeplasma. Very
      little nucleotide sequence homology (less than or equal to 18%) was found among
      the eight species, with heteroduplexes showing at least 12% or more mismatching
      as determined by thermal elution midpoints. The small amount of nucleotide
      sequence homology among the eight species indicates that these species are quite
      distinct and are not closely related to each other genomically.

PMID- 6826526
TI  - Straight mutants of Spirillum volutans can swim.
AB  - Nonhelical mutant cells of Spirillum volutans ATCC 19554 can swim as fast as the
      helical cells. Consequently, a helical cell shape is not required for motility of
      this species, and the function of the polar flagellar fascicles is not merely to
      cause rotation, and therefore translocation, of the corkscrew-shaped cell.

PMID- 6826530
TI  - Insomnia and short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotics.
AB  - Insomnia--the chronic inability to obtain the amount and quality of sleep needed
      for effective daytime function--is a common subjective complaint. Several major
      causes exist, and many strategems can be used in management. When drugs are
      indicated, the benzodiazepines are the first choice. Flurazepam, a long-acting
      compound, has recently been complemented by temazepam, a shorter-acting hypnotic.
      The pharmacokinetics, actions, and clinical uses of temazepam are reviewed. It is
      concluded that temazepam is preferable where daytime alertness must be
      unimpaired, with flurazepam reserved for patients who need daytime sedation.

PMID- 6826531
TI  - Somatic findings in patients with psychogenic polydipsia.
AB  - An epidemiologic investigation found a 17.5% prevalence of psychogenic polydipsia
      in 241 hospitalized psychiatric patients. A randomly selected sample of 10
      polydipsic patients revealed such associated disorders as sporadic convulsive
      seizures, comatose states, hydronephrosis, enuresis/urinary incontinence,
      projectile type vomiting, malnutrition and, in one case, cardiomegaly and edema.
      Psychogenic polydipsia is a frequently overlooked disorder, and the somatic
      consequences of the excessive fluid intake are usually ascribed to other causes.

PMID- 6826527
TI  - Effect of oxygen on host cell reactivation in Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - Host cell reactivation was induced by oxygen in Bacteroides fragilis.
      Chloramphenicol inhibited the induction of host cell reactivation. DNA and
      protein syntheses were not inhibited during oxygen-induced host cell
      reactivation.

PMID- 6826529
TI  - Physical diseases in schizophrenia and affective disorder.
AB  - Studies of the increased or decreased risk of specific physical diseases in
      patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder are reviewed. Existing data
      suggest further examination of the following relationships: (1) the presence in
      schizophrenics of increased incidence of gastrointestinal cancer and of
      cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and of decreased incidence of lung cancer
      and rheumatoid arthritis; and (2) the increased incidence of circulatory,
      respiratory, and atopic diseases, and of diabetes mellitus among patients with
      major affective disorder. A majority of the studies reviewed failed to meet
      methodologic standards necessary to provide conclusive evidence. An ongoing
      research project which generally meets these standards, the Oxford Record Linkage
      Study, is described.

PMID- 6826528
TI  - Modulation of adenylate energy charge during the swarmer cycle of Hyphomicrobium
      neptunium.
AB  - Adenylate energy charge was measured in the budding bacterium Hyphomicrobium
      neptunium through the course of the swarmer cycle. The energy charge was
      modulated, being low in swarm cells (0.64) and in cells initiating bud formation
      (0.57), an event which coincides with a round of DNA replication.

PMID- 6826532
TI  - Doxepin and hydroxyzine in treating anxiety: effects of failure and motivation on
      cognitive performance.
AB  - The effects of doxepin and hydroxyzine on the cognitive performance of 60
      patients with anxiety were compared under different levels of experimentally
      induced motivation and experience of success or failure. Both drugs reduced the
      inhibiting effects of failure on concept learning. The combination of high
      motivation and failure interfered more with the performance of control patients
      than the drug groups. The cognitive facilitation effects of doxepin were most
      pronounced in the low motivation-failure condition, while hydroxyzine yielded
      superior performance in both success and failure conditions, regardless of
      motivation level.

PMID- 6826533
TI  - Clinical aspects of xerostomia.
AB  - The physiology of saliva flow and hyposalivation is discussed. Drug-induced
      hyposalivation results in a higher incidence of dental caries, causes discomfort
      for denture wearers, and increases the risk of oral infections. Guidelines for
      preventing and treating drug-induced xerostomia are offered.

PMID- 6826534
TI  - The Capgras symptom and nondominant cerebral dysfunction.
AB  - Although the etiology of the Capgras symptom is still unknown, recent reports
      strongly support the role of organic factors. The authors present the case of a
      psychotic woman with Capgras symptoms who showed evidence of nondominant cerebral
      dysfunction, documented by neuropsychologic testing and electrophysiologic
      procedures. This observation lends credibility to the role of organic factors in
      the development of the Capgras phenomenon.

PMID- 6826536
TI  - Thiothixene and bizarre nightmares: an association?

PMID- 6826535
TI  - Cimetidine psychotoxicity without significant medical illness: case report.
AB  - Previous reports have described cimetidine psychotoxicity as predominantly an
      organic brain syndrome in older, severely ill patients. This paper reports a
      cimetidine-induced mental state change in a middle-aged man with a relatively
      uncomplicated medical history. Since toxic effects of cimetidine are likely to
      occur within 1 to 2 days of starting the medication, close observation during
      this time period, and prompt recognition of psychotoxicity, can prevent
      disruptive side effects.

PMID- 6826537
TI  - Relapse on amoxapine.

PMID- 6826538
TI  - Treatment of night terrors with imipramine.

PMID- 6826539
TI  - Structural analysis of a beta-thalassemia gene found in Taiwan.
AB  - The beta-globin gene from a patient with homozygous beta-thalassemia in Taiwan
      was cloned and extensively sequenced. Four nucleotides in the codon for amino
      acids, 41 and 42, are deleted. This change generates a frame-shift mutation and a
      termination codon in the new 59th codon. Some changes in nucleotide sequence were
      also found in intervening sequences IVS1 and IVS2, and Exon3, and were considered
      to be sequence polymorphisms.

PMID- 6826540
TI  - Allosteric regulation of the 16 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone as catalyzed
      by rabbit microsomal cytochrome P-450 3b.
AB  - A variety of compounds that can arise from the metabolism of progesterone in vivo
      stimulate the 16 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone as catalyzed by highly
      purified, reconstituted preparations of cytochrome P-450 3b obtained from rabbit
      strain IIIVO/J. In general, reduction of the 20-keto moiety of progesterone or
      related compounds increases the extent of stimulation. Reduction of the 3-keto
      group also results in increased stimulatory activity in most cases. The resulting
      3 beta-hydroxy derivatives are more active than the corresponding 3 alpha
      isomers. In a similar fashion, 5 beta-pregnanes exhibit greater activity than the
      corresponding 5 alpha-pregnanes. The effect of these allosteric effectors is
      saturable at relatively low concentrations when compared to other positive
      effectors of P-450-mediated metabolism. These compounds increase the apparent
      ratio of Vmax/Km without altering the amount of reductase required for half
      maximal activity when reconstituted with the cytochrome. In contrast, many of
      these compounds do not affect or inhibit the 6 beta-hydroxylation of progesterone
      catalyzed by a subform of P-450 3b that is expressed in New Zealand White rabbits
      but not in strain IIIVO/J. Many of the compounds investigated here are
      metabolites of progesterone and, therefore, may modulate P-450 3b-mediated
      metabolism during pregnancy.

PMID- 6826541
TI  - Oligosaccharide units of lysosomal cathepsin D from porcine spleen. Amino acid
      sequence and carbohydrate structure of the glycopeptides.
AB  - The amino acid sequences near the glycosylation sites and the oligosaccharide
      structures have been determined for the lysosomal protease cathepsin D from
      porcine spleen. Cathepsin D light and heavy chains were separately digested with
      proteases and the glycopeptides were purified. A single sequence was constructed
      from the amino acid sequence of the light chain glycopeptides which is: Tyr-Asn
      Ser-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Val-Lys-Asn(CH2O)-Gly-Thr-Thr-Phe. A single
      glycopeptide sequence was also obtained for the heavy chain: Lys-Gly-Ser-Leu-Asp
      Tyr-His-Asn(CH2O)-Val-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ala-Tyr. The light chain sequence is homologous
      with the sequence of porcine pepsin from residues 56 to 71. The heavy chain
      sequence is homologous with the pepsin sequence from residues 176 to 189. Thus,
      the 2 oligosaccharide-linked asparagines in cathepsin D correspond to residues 67
      and 183 in pepsin and other homologous aspartyl proteases. These positions are
      located on the surface of the crystal structures of aspartyl proteases. Five
      oligosaccharides linked to Asn-67 were separated and their structures determined
      with proton NMR. Four major oligosaccharides are structural variants from the
      high mannose-type having 3, 5, 6, and 7 mannoses, respectively. A minor structure
      contained a third GlcNAc. Three oligosaccharide structures were found linked to
      Asn-183. Two major oligosaccharides are of the high mannose-type each with 5
      mannose residues. One of the two contains a fucose linked to a GlcNAc. A third,
      very minor oligosaccharide contains galactose.

PMID- 6826542
TI  - Initial events in the regulation of electron transfer in chloroplasts. The role
      of the membrane potential.

PMID- 6826543
TI  - Tetraphenylboron causes Ca2+ release in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum and in
      skinned muscle fibers.
AB  - The lipophilic anion tetraphenylboron (TPB-) but not the lipophilic cation
      tetraphenylarsonium (TPA+) inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by isolated
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. TPB- did not inhibit ATP hydrolysis but did induce Ca2+
      release from preloaded vesicles. It did not appear to disrupt lipid bilayers or
      to act as a Ca2+ ionophore since it had no effect on the Ca2+ content of
      phospholipid vesicles. TPB- also induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
      in chemically skinned muscle fibers causing tension development. In contrast to
      other Ca2+-releasing agents such as caffeine, proton ionophores, or quercetin,
      the rise to peak tension was slow and tension was sustained, suggesting that Ca2+
      release channels, once opened by TPB-, were held open as long as the compound was
      present in the membrane. Ca2+ uptake was re-established upon removal of TPB- or
      addition of TPA+. TPB- or TPA+ would probably distribute within the membrane,
      altering surface charges on both sides of the membrane. The fact that only a
      negatively charged ion brought about opening of Ca2+ release channels suggests
      that specific surface charges control Ca2+ release channels in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. Although we have not been able to prove that TPB- acts exclusively on
      physiologically relevant Ca2+ release channels, we have shown that TPB- does not
      release Ca2+ from proteoliposomes reconstituted with the Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase. Thus
      TPB- does not induce Ca2+ release through channels formed by the ATPase molecule.

PMID- 6826545
TI  - Purification, subunit structure, and partial amino acid sequence of
      metapyrocatechase.

PMID- 6826544
TI  - Purification and characterization of potato lectin.
AB  - Potato lectin (Solanum tuberosum agglutinin, STA), purified by affinity
      chromatography on tri-N-acetylchitotriose-Sepharose 6B, has Mr approximately
      100,000, as estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and is an aggregating
      system with a monomer Mr = 54,000, as estimated by sedimentation equilibrium
      analysis. Equilibrium dialysis showed that STA (dimer) has two binding sites for
      a specific sugar per molecule. STA has a high content of sugar, most of which is
      L-arabinose, and is rich in Hyp and Cys. On interaction with specific sugars, STA
      induced a UV difference spectrum having positive peaks at 292 and 285 nm
      characteristic of tryptophyl residues. The association constants with chitin
      oligosaccharides, determined from the intensities of the difference spectra at
      various concentrations of sugars, increased with increasing chain length of the
      sugar. Association constants obtained by frontal affinity chromatography of
      chitin oligosaccharides with STA-Sepharose were in good agreement with those
      obtained by difference spectra, whereas the association constants obtained by
      frontal affinity chromatography of STA with di- and tri-N-acetylchitotriose
      Sepharose were much higher, presumably owing to the effect of multivalency of
      ligands. The CD spectra of STA in the far UV region indicate the presence of 40%
      of beta- and 60% of unordered form, and no alpha-helix conformation, which
      supports the structure suggested by the amino acid composition and the high
      content of sugar.

PMID- 6826547
TI  - Interaction of synthetic N-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-apolipoprotein C
      II peptides with lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Synthetic fragments of apo-C-II, specifically labeled on their NH2-terminals with
      the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl or DNS) fluorophore, have been
      prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. When a complex is formed between
      bovine milk lipoprotein lipase and N-dansyl-apo-C-II peptides, resonance energy
      transfer occurs from the tryptophan residues of the enzyme to the dansyl-labeled
      peptides upon excitation at 280 nm. In the absence of lipid, the association
      constant increases 10-fold when the length of the DNS peptide is increased from
      apo-C-II-DNS(64-78) (0.04 X 10(6) M-1) to apo-C-II-DNS(60-78) (0.3 X 10(6) M-1).
      In the presence of lipid, the association constants are dependent on peptide
      chain length, and increase from 0.4 X 10(6) M-1 for apo-C-II-DNS(64-78) to 2.2 X
      10(7) M-1 for apo-C-II-DNS(43-78). The interactions are specific for lipoprotein
      lipase, are disrupted by guanidinium chloride, are not affected by 1.0 M NaCl,
      and are competitive with the corresponding nondansylated peptide. Apolipoproteins
      C-III and A-I, at 5 to 1 molar ratios, had no effect on the interaction. These
      findings demonstrate the importance of the COOH-terminal region in the
      lipoprotein lipase-apo-C-II interaction and show that activation of the enzyme
      involves a specific protein-protein interaction.

PMID- 6826546
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the metapyrocatechase gene on the TOI plasmid of
      Pseudomonas putida mt-2.
AB  - Metapyrocatechase which catalyzes the oxygenative ring cleavage of catechol to
      form alpha-hydroxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde is encoded by the xylE gene on the
      TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2. We have cloned the xylE region in
      Escherichia coli and determined the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment of
      985 base pairs around the gene. The fragment included only one open translational
      frame of sufficient length to accommodate the enzyme. The predicted amino acid
      sequence consisted of 307 residues, and its NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences were
      in perfect agreement with those of the enzyme recently determined (Nakai, C.,
      Hori, K., Kagamiyama, H., Nakazawa, T., and Nozaki, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      2916-2922). A mutant plasmid was isolated which did not direct the synthesis of
      the active enzyme. This plasmid had a DNA region corresponding to the NH2
      terminal two-thirds of the polypeptide. From the deduced amino acid sequence, the
      secondary structure was predicted. Around 10 base pairs upstream from the
      initiator codon for metapyrocatechase, there was a base sequence which was
      complementary to the 3'-end of 16 S rRNAs from both E.coli and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. A preferential usage of C- and G-terminated codons was found in the
      coding region xylE, which contributed to the relatively high G + C content (57%)
      of this gene.

PMID- 6826548
TI  - Hydrodynamic properties of bovine cardiac troponin-I and troponin-T.
AB  - Bovine cardiac troponin-I (TN-I) and troponin-T (TN-T) have been examined in
      solution using ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and viscosity. A new method
      of purifying TN-T, employing hydroxylapatite chromatography in 6 M urea, is
      reported. Cardiac TN-T (Mr = 36,000) undergoes a reversible, concentration
      dependent association in nondenaturing buffers, probably to a tetramer. The
      Stokes radius (Rs) of aggregated TN-T, determined by sedimentation velocity and
      gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, is 80 A and the reduced viscosity of the
      subunit ranges from 20 to 25 ml/g at protein concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5
      mg/ml. These data suggest that TN-T forms highly asymmetric aggregates in
      solution. Bovine cardiac TN-I also has a tendency toward self-association, but is
      essentially monomeric (Mr = 23,000) at protein concentrations below 1 mg/ml. The
      presence of reducing agent is necessary to avoid intermolecular disulfide bond
      formation. From gel filtration experiments, the value of Rs is 29 A indicating
      that TN-I is a moderately asymmetric protein (frictional ratio = 1.5). Similar
      properties are observed when both sulfhydryl groups of TN-I are modified by
      carboxamidomethylation.

PMID- 6826549
TI  - The pH dependence of hydrogen exchange in proteins.
AB  - The static accessibility modified discrete charge model for electrostatic
      interactions in proteins is extended to the prediction of the pH dependence of
      hydrogen exchange reactions. The exchange rate profiles of buried amide protons
      are shown to follow the calculated pH dependence of the electrostatic component
      of protein stability. Rate profiles are calculated for individual buried amide
      protons in ribonuclease S and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. The
      electrostatic free energy of stabilization of the protein and the energy required
      to bring the catalytic ion to an exchange site are expressed as an apparent, pH
      dependent contribution to the activation energy. Changes in the electrostatic
      stabilization of the proteins affect the calculated exchange rate for buried
      amide protons by more than 1000, while local field effects raise or lower the
      predicted exchange rates by less than 100. The pH dependence of exchangeable
      protons at the protein surface, such as the C-2 imidazole protons, is shown to
      follow the estimated energy required to introduce the catalytic ion at the
      exchange site. These calculations are discussed in terms of current models for
      proton exchange which incorporate the dynamic nature of the structure to explain
      exchange data from the interior of a protein.

PMID- 6826550
TI  - Multiple nature of polymers of deoxyhemoglobin S prepared by different methods.
AB  - Studies on the aggregation of deoxy-Hb S in concentrated phosphate buffer
      revealed the formation of three types of polymers, the difference depending on
      the method employed for polymerization: 1) random or linear polymers without
      birefringence, 2) helical polymers with birefringence, and 3) crystals. Random or
      linear polymers were formed when oversaturated deoxy-Hb S was polymerized by the
      so-called salting out or isothermal method. Helical polymers were formed when
      oversaturated deoxy-Hb S (120% of the solubility) was polymerized by the
      temperature jump method. Crystals were formed preferentially by agitation of the
      sample during the polymerization below 12 degrees C. The solubilities of deoxy-Hb
      S measured after preparation of these three types of polymers were different, as
      were the activation energies for the formation of the three polymers. When a
      mixture of deoxy- and CO-Hb S was crystallized, the crystalline phase did not
      contain CO-Hb S molecules. To study the relationship among these three types of
      polymers and red cell sickling, the morphology of erythrocytes was studied after
      deoxygenation by several different methods. When erythrocytes were prepared by
      deoxygenation with 2% sodium dithionite at 30 degrees C, a condition similar to
      that for the isothermal method, red cells did not form the typical sickle shape
      but rather an irregular shape. In contrast, with the same experiments carried out
      by using the temperature jump method, typical sickle-shaped cells were formed.
      These data suggest that the morphological difference may be attributed to the
      different types of polymers formed inside erythrocytes.

PMID- 6826551
TI  - Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine from serum phospholipids in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells deprived of choline.
AB  - We report that Chinese hamster ovary cells assemble membrane phospholipids from
      choline-linked lipid present in fetal calf serum. This was examined by testing
      the ability of various serum preparations to satisfy the choline requirement of
      the cells. Chinese hamster ovary cells divided in growth medium containing
      lipoprotein-deficient serum and approximately 8 microM lysolecithin. Identical
      results were obtained in growth medium supplemented with solvent-extracted
      (delipidated) serum reconstituted with purified egg lysolecithin and the uptake
      of lipid was inhibited by the addition of bovine serum albumin. Analysis of the
      phospholipid composition of cells incubated with 32Pi and egg lysolecithin in
      place of choline revealed that approximately 30% of the phosphorus moieties of
      the cellular phospholipids were derived from the added lipid, while in the
      presence of choline less than 10% arose in this fashion. Choline starvation
      enhanced the formation of lecithin from [32P]lysolecithin without affecting
      phospholipid turnover and labeled lecithin was converted to other phospholipids,
      especially sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine. Unlike endogenous serum
      lysolecithin, lipoproteins obtained from human and fetal calf sera failed to
      satisfy the choline requirement of Chinese hamster ovary cells, even though 95%
      of the lipoprotein phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin.
      Together, these results demonstrate that animal cells can derive all of the
      choline required for membrane phospholipid synthesis from serum lysolecithin and
      that its conversion to lecithin within the cell is regulated by the availability
      of choline. In contrast, serum lipoproteins do not normally serve as a major
      source of choline moieties.

PMID- 6826552
TI  - The rapid induction of liver glycerophosphate acyltransferase in mice by
      clofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent.
AB  - Administration of clofibrate to adult mice (20-25 mg of clofibrate/day) increased
      liver glycerophosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) activity by 2.3-fold within
      24 h. This increased glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity was mainly
      localized in the liver microsomal fraction. Three other hypolipidemic drugs, i.e.
      Bezafibrate (Boehringer Mannheim Co.), Gemfibrozil (Warner-Lambert Co.) and Wy
      14,643 (Wyeth Laboratories), when fed to mice, also increased the liver
      glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity by 2-3-fold in 24 h. Simultaneous
      administration of inhibitors of protein biosynthesis, such as cycloheximide or
      actinomycin D completely abolished such stimulation of liver glycerophosphate
      acyltransferase by clofibrate.

PMID- 6826553
TI  - Structural studies of the sugar chains of hen ovomucoid. Evidence indicating that
      they are formed mainly by the alternate biosynthetic pathway of asparagine-linked
      sugar chains.
AB  - The carbohydrate moieties of hen ovomucoid were released as oligosaccharides by
      hydrazinolysis. The neutral oligosaccharide fraction which comprised about 85% of
      the total sugar was fractionated into eight oligosaccharide fractions by Bio-Gel
      P-4 column chromatography. Occurrence of novel penta-antennary oligosaccharides
      in the larger three fractions was reported in the preceding paper (Yamashita, K.,
      Kamerling, J.P., and Kobata, A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12809-12814).
      Structural studies of the remaining smaller oligosaccharides indicated that they
      all have Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to
      4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc as their common core. The alpha-mannosyl residues
      occur either free or as one of the following five groups: GlcNAc beta 1 leads to
      2Man, GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4Man, GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(GlcNAc beta 1 leads
      to 2)Man, GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 6(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2)Man, and GlcNAc beta
      1 leads to 6(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4)(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2) Man. In most
      oligosaccharides, a beta-N-acetylglucosamine residue is linked at the C-4
      position of the beta-mannosyl residue of the core. The structural characteristic
      of the sugar chains of hen ovomucoid indicated that they are not formed by the
      ordinary processing pathway of the asparagine-linked sugar chains.

PMID- 6826555
TI  - An antiestrogen-binding protein in human tissues.
AB  - Although nonsteroidal antiestrogens of the triphenylethylene type are generally
      considered to act through the estrogen receptor, some observations suggest that
      estrogen target tissues may also contain a binding protein specific for these
      compounds. The data so far reported, however, are also consistent with ligand
      induced changes in conformation or in the state of aggregation of the estrogen
      receptor. The studies reported here demonstrate the existence of a protein in
      human myometrial cytosol which binds 1-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]1,2
      diphenylbut-1(Z)-ene ([3H]tamoxifen) with high affinity (Kd = 2.3 X 10(-9) M).
      This protein exhibits striking specificity for nonsteroidal antiestrogens.
      Estradiol competes weakly for bound [3H]tamoxifen, while other estrogens and
      nonestrogenic steroid hormones do not compete at all. Sedimentation analysis and
      molecular sieve chromatography indicate that the antiestrogen-binding protein is
      a larger species than the estrogen receptor and elutes from DEAE-Sephacel at a
      lower KCl concentration (0.03 M) than the estrogen receptor (0.15 M).
      Differential thermal stability of the estrogen receptor and the antiestrogen
      binding protein was demonstrable in the absence of added ligand. The antiestrogen
      binding protein was ubiquitous, being present in many tissues where estrogen
      receptor was undetectable. These findings support the separate existence of an
      antiestrogen-binding protein.

PMID- 6826554
TI  - A novel single-stranded DNA-binding protein from the Novikoff hepatoma which
      stimulates DNA polymerase beta. Purification and general characterization.
AB  - We have isolated and purified to homogeneity a novel single-stranded DNA-binding
      protein from the Novikoff hepatoma. This protein is distinguished from other
      eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins by binding weakly, but cooperatively, to single
      stranded DNA, by its ability to partially destabilize a double helix at 37
      degrees C, and by its ability to stimulate DNA polymerase beta. The protein
      exists as a globular monomer of Mr = 48,000 and is capable of binding 45-49
      nucleotides. It does not form a complex with the polymerase, but binds the DNA
      template, allowing an increased rate and extent of DNA synthesis. The enhancement
      of synthesis is greatest with larger gap-sized templates and with low polymerase
      concentrations. The mechanism of stimulation is thought to be due largely to
      placing the template strand into a conformation that facilitates rapid
      polymerization rather than strand displacement in advance of the polymerase. This
      protein has been named SSB-48.

PMID- 6826556
TI  - Competitive interactions of sodium and calcium with the sodium-calcium exchange
      system of cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - The initial velocity of Ca2+ uptake via the Na-Ca exchange system in cardiac
      sarcolemmal vesicles is competitively inhibited by extravesicular Na+. The Hill
      plots for multisite competitive inhibition are nonlinear, exhibiting a limiting
      slope of 1 at low Na+ concentrations (less than 20 mM) and 1.6-2.0 at higher
      concentrations. The Ki for Na+ is approximately 16 mM. Thus, the Ca2+ binding
      site of the Na-Ca exchange carrier interacts with either 1 or 2 Na+ ions and the
      binding of a single Na+ is sufficient to block Ca2+ binding. These results, in
      conjunction with the observation that at least 3 Na+ ions are required at the
      trans membrane surface to bring about Ca2+ movements by Na-Ca exchange, suggest
      that the exchange carrier contains two classes of cation binding sites: a
      divalent site which can bind either 1 Ca2+ or 1-2 Na+ ions and a second site
      which binds at least one additional Na+. The classical observation that cardiac
      contractility depends upon the [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 ratio of the extracellular medium
      can be readily explained in terms of the competitive interactions of Na+ and Ca2+
      at the divalent site.

PMID- 6826557
TI  - Equilibrium calcium-calcium exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - Ca-Ca isotopic exchange activity in bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles was
      measured under equilibrium conditions, i.e. where intra- and extravesicular media
      have identical compositions. The results demonstrate that the monovalent cations
      K+, Li+, and Rb+ stimulate the process of Ca-Ca exchange. The presence of
      monovalent cations increases the Vmax for this process but has little effect on
      the Km for Ca2+. Maximal stimulation of exchange activity occurs when the
      monovalent cations are present on both sides of the vesicle membrane; a lesser
      degree of stimulation is observed when the cations are present at only one
      membrane surface. Na+ also stimulates Ca-Ca exchange at low concentrations (0.5-8
      mM) but at high concentrations causes a marked inhibition. The latter effect is
      due to a competition between Na+ and Ca2+ for a site on the exchange carrier. The
      presence of monovalent cations alters the pH profile for Ca-Ca exchange. In the
      absence of stimulating cations, Ca-Ca exchange activity exhibits a maximum at pH
      7.0 and then drops to approximately half the peak value at pH 7.5 or higher. In
      contrast, the rate of Ca-Ca exchange in the presence of monovalent cations
      continues to increase as the pH is raised from pH 6 to pH 9. Measurements of
      86Rb+ fluxes demonstrate that Rb-stimulated Ca-Ca exchange does not involve the
      co-transport of Rb+. Monovalent cations produce no stimulation of Na-dependent
      Ca2+ fluxes (Na-Ca exchange) when present on the same side of the membrane as
      Ca2+. The results are discussed in terms of an extension of the model for the Na
      Ca exchanger that was described in the accompanying paper (Reeves, J.P., and
      Sutko, J.L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3178-3182).

PMID- 6826559
TI  - The kinetics of actin nucleation and polymerization.

PMID- 6826560
TI  - Kinetics of polymerization and ATP hydrolysis by covalently crosslinked actin
      dimer.

PMID- 6826558
TI  - Cytochrome P-450scc-phospholipid interactions. Evidence for a cardiolipin binding
      site and thermodynamics of enzyme interactions with cardiolipin, cholesterol, and
      adrenodoxin.

PMID- 6826561
TI  - Characterization of the mRNA for mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor alpha
      subunit by quantitative translation in vitro.
AB  - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of mammalian skeletal muscle is a
      multisubunit membrane glycoprotein whose synthesis is regulated by developmental
      and physiological cues. We report here the identification and characterization of
      the primary translation product of alpha subunit mRNA. The alpha subunit
      synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysate is approximately 2000 larger in
      apparent molecular weight than the native alpha subunit polypeptide found in
      acetylcholine receptor. Evidence from peptide maps and the effect of co
      translational incubation with dog pancreas microsomes suggests that the in vitro
      product differs in two ways from native alpha subunit: 1) it is synthesized with
      an NH2-terminal signal peptide which is removed in vivo, and 2) the in vitro
      product is not glycosylated. We have characterized the alpha subunit mRNA
      activity by using a quantitative the membrane-bound polysome fraction. It is
      poly(A+) and approximately 2000 nucleotides long. Finally, we have shown that in
      BC3H-1 cells, alpha subunit mRNA is regulated developmentally. We detected a 10
      fold increase in the relative abundance of alpha subunit mRNA in cells which had
      undergone the transition from log phase growth to differentiated myoblast.

PMID- 6826562
TI  - Phosphorylation of nonhistone proteins during the HeLa cell cycle. Relationship
      to DNA synthesis and mitotic chromosome condensation.
AB  - Cell cycle variations in the phosphorylation of chromatin-associated nonhistones
      were determined. Cells were radiolabeled with [32P]orthophosphate and chromatin
      was obtained by mild digestion of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease. The
      experiments were performed in the presence of a substrate inhibitor of alkaline
      phosphatase, beta-glycerophosphate. The results show that, while similar
      molecular weight species of phosphorylated nonhistones are associated with
      interphase chromatin through the HeLa cell cycle, the incorporation (32P
      cpm/micrograms of protein) profiles of selected major phosphononhistones show
      substantial changes. The most prominent peaks of specific radioactivity occur in
      the DNA synthesis phase (S phase). The phosphorylation states of the proteins of
      isolated metaphase chromosomes were also determined. Nonhistone proteins of
      isolated metaphase chromosomes are strikingly dephosphorylated, especially in
      comparison to histone H1. The phosphorylation of the major phosphononhistone of
      chromatin, which has a molecular weight of 55,000, was further characterized by
      techniques that included one-dimensional peptide mapping in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and nonequilibrium pH gradient slab gel
      electrophoresis. Phosphoproteins are also components of the nuclear scaffold, and
      cell cycle variations in these proteins were investigated. The primary
      phosphorylated species has a molecular weight of 119,000. As with chromatin
      associated nonhistones, this nuclear scaffold protein shows substantial
      incorporation of 32P in S phase, and a high level of incorporation also occurs
      close to mitosis.

PMID- 6826563
TI  - Binding of fibronectin to phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Human plasma fibronectin, a membrane-associated protein involved in cell-cell
      adhesion and growth control, binds tightly to phospholipid vesicles of various
      compositions, as shown by density gradient centrifugation. The binding occurs in
      the absence of other proteins, sugars, or divalent cations and results in
      extensive aggregation of the vesicles. Circular dichroism spectroscopy
      demonstrated that the protein when associated with vesicles adopts a different
      conformation from that which it adopts in aqueous solution. The vesicle
      conformation results from a specific interaction and not merely a hydrophobic
      effect since it also differs substantially from the conformation of the protein
      in several detergents. Thus, fibronectin is not only capable of binding to lipid
      vesicles, but the binding induces both a conformational change in the protein and
      a structural change (aggregation) in the vesicles, which could be related to its
      role in cell-cell interactions. While these studies do not constitute proof that
      lipid molecules are the physiological sites of attachment for fibronectin, they
      do demonstrate that an intermediate receptor need not necessarily be involved to
      account for the binding properties.

PMID- 6826564
TI  - Domain structure of the carboxyl-terminal half of human plasma fibronectin.

PMID- 6826565
TI  - Glucocorticoids coordinately regulate procollagens type I and type III synthesis.
AB  - Antibodies to type I and type III procollagens were raised in rabbits and were
      made monospecific by chromatography on collagen and procollagen affinity columns.
      The antibodies were determined to be monospecific by the direct enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition assay.
      Rats were treated with various doses of triamcinolone diacetate, pulse-labeled
      with radioactive proline for 20 min, and the procollagens were precipitated with
      procollagen antibodies. The degree of inhibition of procollagen type I and type
      III synthesis to corticosteroid treatment was the same. This coordinate effect of
      glucocorticoids on the synthesis of the two procollagens was reversible, dose
      dependent, time-dependent, and observed in lung as well as in skin. These data
      indicate that glucocorticoids coordinately regulate the synthesis of type I and
      type III procollagen in skin and lung to the same extent.

PMID- 6826566
TI  - Purification of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-eukaryotic initiation factor
      2B complex and characterization of its guanine nucleotide exchange activity
      during protein synthesis initiation.

PMID- 6826567
TI  - Clathrin-induced pH-dependent fusion of phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - Interaction of clathrin coat protein with dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC)
      vesicles at pH 6.5 and below results in the formation of stable vesicle-clathrin
      complexes (Steer, C. J., Klausner, R. D., and Blumenthal, R. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 8533-8540). In this report we show by gel chromatography and
      sedimentation analysis that the interaction of clathrin coat protein with
      unilamellar dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles at pH = 6.0 results in the
      formation of larger structures. As shown by electron microscopy and an increase
      in trapped volume of both sucrose and inulin those larger structures represent
      fused bilayers. We examined the mixing of membrane lipid as a result of membrane
      fusion using resonance energy transfer between two fluorescent lipid probes
      incorporated into the same vesicle membrane. At a protein:lipid ratio of 1:500
      there was 50% vesicle-vesicle fusion, at pH 6.0, as indicated by the change in
      efficiency of energy transfer between the fluorescent probes. Fusion was
      completed within 60 s. A number of other proteins (ovalbumin, rabbit IgG,
      trypsin, pronase, calmodulin, tubulin, synexin, bovine serum albumin) at 10-fold
      or higher concentrations, did not induce fusion of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles, either at pH 7.4 or at pH 6.0. This system provides a model for pH
      dependent and protein-mediated fusion of uncharged lipid bilayers.

PMID- 6826568
TI  - Physicochemical characterization and in vivo blood tolerability of cast and
      extruded Biomer.
AB  - Solution grade and extruded grade Biomer (SB and EB, respectively) are
      polyurethanes that have been suggested for use in biomedical applications. The
      bulk materials were examined by elemental analysis, differential scanning
      calorimetry, thermomechanical testing, and stress-strain testing. The extruded
      grade material has a lower soft segment molecular weight (650 g/mol) than the
      solution grade material (2000 g/mol). As a result of its higher molecular weight,
      the soft segment phase of SB is semicrystalline in the solid state. The hard
      segments of the extruded grade material are chain extended with water yielding a
      lower urea concentration than in the solution grade material in which the hard
      segments are chain extended with diamines. Chemical structures for the two
      materials consistent with elemental analysis, urea/urethane ratios and thermal
      and mechanical data, are proposed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) was
      used to analyze the surfaces of extruded grade Biomer, solution grade Biomer cast
      on the inner surface of polyethylene tubing, and extruded grade Biomer dissolved
      in DMA and similarly cast on polyethylene (CB). Soft segment concentrations were
      highest on the EB surface and lowest on the SB surface. Soft segment
      concentrations on the EB surface were higher than on the CB surface, indicating
      that the method of fabrication affected the composition of the surface layer. The
      three materials were tested for blood tolerance in a canine femoral arteriovenous
      shunt configuration. Blood compatibility was correlated with increasing
      concentration of polyether soft segments on the surface.

PMID- 6826569
TI  - Biomaterials for drug delivery systems.
AB  - Drug delivery systems have unusual materials requirements which derive mainly
      from their therapeutic role: to administer drugs over prolonged periods of time
      at rates that are independent of patient-to-patient variables. The chemical
      nature of the surfaces of such devices may stimulate biorejection processes which
      can be enhanced or suppressed by the simultaneous presence of the drug that is
      being administered. Selection of materials for such systems is further
      complicated by the need for compatibility with the drug contained within the
      system. A review of selected drug delivery systems is presented. This leads to a
      definition of the technologies required to develop successfully such systems as
      well as to categorize the classes of drug delivery systems available to the
      therapist. A summary of the applications of drug delivery systems will also be
      presented. There are five major challenges to the biomaterials scientist: (1) how
      to minimize the influence on delivery rate of the transient biological response
      that accompanies implantation of any object; (2) how to select a composition,
      size, shape, and flexibility that optimizes biocompatibility; (3) how to make an
      intravascular delivery system that will retain long-term functionality; (4) how
      to make a percutaneous lead for those delivery systems that cannot be implanted
      but which must retain functionality for extended periods; and (5) how to make
      biosensors of adequate compatibility and stability to use with the ultimate drug
      delivery system-a system that operates with feedback control.

PMID- 6826571
TI  - Surface modification and characterization of some commonly used catheter
      materials. II. Friction characterization.
AB  - The effects of the modification of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE),
      poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), silicone rubber (SR), and fluorinated ethylene
      propylene (FEP) copolymer by radio frequency glow discharge in a helium
      environment were presented in part I. The hydrated polymer surfaces were
      characterized by XPS, SEM, visual microscopy, and by contact angle measurements.
      In general, exposure of the polymers to RFGD produced an oxidized hydrophilic
      surface, yet the roughness of the surface was unaltered by the relatively mild
      plasma conditions used. In this article, the frictional behavior of oxidized and
      unoxidized SR, PE, and FEP in distilled water, isotonic saline, and blood plasma
      environments is examined experimentally. The results are discussed in relation to
      the properties generally believed to affect frictional phenomena and to the
      surface properties as determined in part I. Results indicate that RFGD-treated SR
      generates less friction than untreated SR when dragged across all untreated and
      treated polymer surfaces, whether the medium is distilled water or an isotonic
      saline solution. Friction is consistently lower in a blood plasma medium between
      all surfaces investigated, most probably because of the presence of adsorbed
      proteins at the polymer interfaces.

PMID- 6826570
TI  - Surface modification and evaluation of some commonly used catheter materials. I.
      Surface properties.
AB  - Double catheter systems consisting of a stiff outer catheter and a flexible,
      buoyant, flow-directed, inner catheter which is often balloon-tipped have been
      employed with increasing frequency recently in both therapeutic and diagnostic
      procedures. Their use, however, has been restricted because of the excessive
      friction generated between the two catheters. In an attempt to decrease friction
      between polymers commonly used as catheter materials, oxidation of polyethylene,
      fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, poly(vinyl chloride), silicone rubber,
      and polystyrene surfaces was induced by exposing the polymers to radio frequency
      glow discharge (RFGD) in a helium environment. All polymers were surface
      characterized utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements before and after oxidation. This
      article describes the materials and methods used to fabricate and characterize
      the polymer surfaces and the results of the characterization. The results
      indicate that increases in oxygen concentration at the surface of the polymers
      and decreases in air-water contact angles occur with increased RFGD exposure
      time. Plateau values were usually obtained after 5-30 s exposure time, yet no
      apparent changes in surface topography were noted by scanning electron
      microscopy. The hydrophilic surfaces produced were stable for up to three months
      storage time in air.

PMID- 6826572
TI  - Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate as an osseous adhesive in the repair of osteochondral
      fractures.
AB  - An in vivo evaluation of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate as an osseous adhesive was done
      in an effort to answer two questions: Used in limited amounts, can this monomer
      maintain the reduction of an unstable intra-articular osteochondral fracture
      while allowing for fracture healing around the sites of adhesive placement? Used
      in limited amounts, in this monomer toxic to adjacent viable bone? Osteochondral
      fractures were created in 32 dog knees. In 16 knees, the fracture reduction was
      secured with three small drops of adhesive placed around the periphery of the
      fracture surface. In 16 control knees no adhesive was used. Eighty-one percent of
      the fractures in the adhesive-treated group united compared to 56% of the control
      group. Although the difference in number of fractures that healed in the two
      groups is not definitely statistically significant and no conclusion was drawn as
      to effectiveness of the adhesive, osseous healing was noted to proceed around the
      sites of adhesive placement and the monomer appeared nontoxic to adjacent bone.

PMID- 6826573
TI  - Polymer analogs of 3-chloro-4-benzyloxyphenylacetic acid and their
      pharmacological activity.
AB  - Polymer analogs of 3-chloro-4-benzyloxy-phenylacetic acid (BPh) were prepared,
      representing esters of BPh with three polymer alcohols: poly(vinyl alcohol) (P
      I), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P-II), and poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl
      methacrylate) (P-III). Their anti-inflammatory activity was determined by testing
      their inhibitory effect on the growth of edema in the hind legs of rats. The
      relative activities of the esters P-I-BPh and P-II-BPh with respect to that of
      BPh are 0.06 and 0.10, respectively. In the case of P-III-BPh the activity is
      stronger (0.37), probably owing to the easier release of BPh from P-III-BPh due
      to hydrolysis. No prolonged effect of BPh polymeric esters could be achieved.

PMID- 6826574
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of cells at the interface of a biodegradable
      polymer: Polyglactin 910.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructure of cells at
      the interface with an implanted biodegradable polymer, Polyglactin 910. Various
      stages of implantation were observed from 1 day to 63 days, when absorption of
      the polymer was essentially complete. Events occurring at the interface include
      initial adhesion of macrophages on the implant surface; phagocytosis of wound
      debris; and subsequent erosion, invasion, and phagocytosis of the polymer by
      macrophages and giant cells. A vascular perfusion technique for fixation of the
      polymer sites implanted in soft tissue is also described.

PMID- 6826575
TI  - Effects of flow rate and solution concentration on in situ protein adsorption
      behavior.

PMID- 6826576
TI  - Biological evaluation of dental restorative materials--a comparison of different
      test methods.
AB  - Three restorative materials--two composite resins and zinc oxide-eugenol cement-
      were subjected to three cytotoxicity tests--chromium release, millipore filter,
      and agar overlay--one implantation test, and a pulp study. In the cytotoxicity
      test the materials were evaluated freshly prepared and after storage at 37
      degrees C for 24 h. In the implant test polyethylene tubes holding freshly
      prepared materials were inserted subcutaneously into rats. After 30 and 90 days
      the tissue response at the end of the tube and at a window site along the side of
      the tube was assessed. In the pulp study the materials were placed in cavities
      prepared in newly erupted monkey teeth. After 7 and 78 days the reaction of the
      pulp tissue was studied. Comparison of the results from the cytotoxicity tests
      revealed a varying degree of correlation, indicating that the three tests were
      not interchangeable. When data from the pulp study were compared to those of the
      cytotoxicity tests and implantation test, the correlation was not as good. This
      emphasizes that the final biological evaluation of dental restorative materials
      still has to be carried out as pulp studies.

PMID- 6826577
TI  - Fatigue properties of implant materials in hip prosthesis form: a standardized
      test.
AB  - The determination of the fatigue properties on small specimens is not accurate.
      It does not take into account the considerable scatter in fatigue properties
      which may arise in the implants. Therefore, testing of the properties on the
      actual implant is needed. The working hypothesis of the present article is that
      four-point bending fatigue tests allow determination of the fatigue limit of the
      femoral component material in total hip prostheses. It eliminates the
      disadvantages of the previously proposed load on head test because (1) the
      reproducibility of the stress pattern is easy; (2) the fatigue testing is over
      the whole critical part of the stem; and (3) the stresses do not change during
      the test. Testing of a series of hip prostheses shows that (1) the measured
      fatigue limit is typical for the material tested; (2) the location of the fatigue
      fractures is over the critical medial third of the stem; and (3) the
      fractographic aspects correspond to those of in vivo failed prostheses. The four
      point bending procedure is proposed as a standard method.

PMID- 6826578
TI  - Fracture of porous polyethylene-bone composite.
AB  - Porous high-density polyethylene specimens were implanted in the femurs of
      mongrel canines. At the end of the residency period (3 or 6 months), the animals
      were sacrificed and the implants were retrieved. The work-of-fracture of the
      implant specimens was then determined using the technique of Tattersall and
      Tappin. The work required to fracture a specimen in three-point bending by
      controlled crack propagation through a triangular cross section was obtained
      directly from the load-deflection curve. The area of the resulting fracture
      surface was measured by macrophotographic techniques, and the work-of-fracture
      was calculated as work per unit area. The implants were subsequently sectioned
      and examined microradiographically to determine the extent of bone ingrowth. Bone
      specimens adjacent to the implants and porous high-density polyethylene controls
      (no ingrowth) were also tested to determine their work-of-fracture. The results
      showed that bone adjacent to the implant specimens had a higher work-of-fracture
      than normal medial, canine femoral bone and was not appreciably different from
      the composite. The work-of-fracture of porous high-density polyethylene was not
      significantly increased by an increase in bone infiltration, and this anomalous
      behavior was attributed to a degradation of the polyethylene during implant
      residence. Control studies supported this hypothesis.

PMID- 6826579
TI  - The incidence and significance of rub marks on the stem of removed total hip
      replacements.
AB  - This article presents data on the incidence of rub marks (burnishing) on the
      stems of 180 removed total hip replacement femoral components most of which were
      McKees and Stanmores. The incidence varied with the reason for removal. It was
      low for assorted removals excluding fractured stem removals, higher for "loose
      stem" removals, and highest for fractured stem removals. For "loose stem"
      removals, it appeared to increase with implantation time. For fractured stem
      removals it appeared to increase with the time elapsed between fracture and
      removal. On not-fractured removals, rub marks appeared to indicate that the
      component had been loose, but on fractured stem removals they appeared to
      indicate only that the component had been loose after fracture.

PMID- 6826580
TI  - Repeat abortion-seeking behaviour in Queensland, Australia: knowledge and use of
      contraception and reasons for terminating the pregnancy.

PMID- 6826581
TI  - Debate. An association between tongue-rolling phenotypes and subjects of study of
      undergraduates. A comment.

PMID- 6826582
TI  - Has fecundability been declining in recent years in developed countries? A
      comment.

PMID- 6826583
TI  - Correlation between father's age and husband's age: a case of imprinting. A
      comment.

PMID- 6826584
TI  - Surnames in five English villages: relationship to each other, to surrounding
      areas, and to England and Wales.

PMID- 6826585
TI  - Child survivorship and pregnancy spacing in Iran.

PMID- 6826586
TI  - Inbreeding, migration and age at marriage in rural Toledo, Spain.

PMID- 6826587
TI  - A note on desired family size and contraceptive use in rural Egypt.

PMID- 6826588
TI  - Contraception, marital fertility, and breast-feeding in the Yemen Arab Republic.

PMID- 6826589
TI  - Postpartum lactational amenorrhoea as a means of family planning in the Sudan: a
      study of 500 cases.

PMID- 6826590
TI  - Components of period fertility in the Irish Republic, 1962--77.

PMID- 6826591
TI  - Caveat arthroscopos: extra-articular lesions of bone simulating intra-articular
      pathology of the knee.
AB  - In the period from 1977 to 1981, eleven patients with a primary bone neoplasm and
      one with a bone abscess, located in the shaft or distal end of the femur or the
      proximal part of the tibia, were referred to the Massachusetts General Hospital
      Orthopaedic Oncology Unit. All had had diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopy. For
      one of the patients no roentgenograms had been made prior to arthroscopy. For
      another, roentgenograms had been made but were not repeated prior to the
      arthroscopy three months later. In six patients the lesions were clearly evident
      on the roentgenograms; they were not reported in four patients, while in two
      patients the lesions were not considered to be a contraindication to arthroscopy.
      Two lesions were located in the femoral shaft and one was in the popliteal space,
      but they had not been noted by the surgeon or radiologist. In four patients the
      lesion arising from the bone was biopsied through the arthroscope, introducing
      tumor cells into the joint and theoretically causing synovial seeding of the
      lesion. The problems raised by this study are obvious to all orthopaedic surgeons
      who perform arthroscopy. Any patient who is thought to have an intra-articular
      lesion must first be fully evaluated by history, physical examination, and, most
      importantly, appropriate biplane roentgenograms prior to the performance of any
      procedure. If a lesion arising from the bone is encountered during an
      arthroscopic procedure, the lesion must be biopsied not transsynovially, but
      through a separate extracapsular approach.

PMID- 6826592
TI  - Total knee-replacement arthroplasty. Results with the intramedullary adjustable
      total knee prosthesis.
AB  - One hundred and thirty knees (112 patients) in which the intramedullary
      adjustable total knee prosthesis was inserted were followed for four to nine
      years. This prosthesis is designed to permit unconstrained rotation and includes
      a metal tray supporting the high-density-polyethylene tibial component as well as
      an intramedullary stem and two condylar intramedullary projections on both the
      femoral component and the tibial component. Using a rating system in which pain,
      function, stability, and motion each was graded independently on a scale of 1 to
      6, the preoperative scores were 73 per cent poor and 27 per cent fair, while the
      postoperative scores were 77 per cent good, 15 per cent fair, and 8 per cent
      poor. If only the patients with unilateral or bilateral involvement of the knee
      without other functional disabilities were considered, four to nine years after
      the arthroplasty 92 per cent could be classified as good; 5 per cent, as fair;
      and 3 per cent, as poor. There were two deaths (one due to pulmonary embolism and
      the other, to overwhelming sepsis after attempted arthrodesis for a deep would
      infection) and five deep infections, four of which necessitated reoperation for
      arthrodesis. In addition, reoperations were necessary in five other knees: in two
      for secondary closure of the wound, in one for evacuation of a hematoma, in one
      for synovectomy and skin-grafting because of infection, and in one for
      recentralization of the patella. At final evaluation, 117 knees had radiographs
      of sufficiently good quality for assessment, and thirty-seven (32 per cent) of
      these showed evidence of a nonprogressive radiolucent line about the tibial
      component. In addition, two were considered clinically loose (one due to a
      traumatic injury and the other, to malpositioning of the tibial component).

PMID- 6826593
TI  - Treatment of knee joint instability secondary to rupture of the posterior
      cruciate ligament. Report of a new procedure.
AB  - For the past five years we have attempted to correct knee instability due to
      rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament with a procedure that employs a free
      graft of one-third of the patellar tendon with its tibial and patellar
      attachments. This procedure was done for chronic instability in thirty-three
      patients and was combined with primary repair of an acute mid-substance tear of
      the posterior cruciate ligament in fifteen patients. Moderate to severe articular
      injury of the medial femoral condyle was found at operation in 48 per cent of the
      patients with chronic injury. Seventy-one per cent of the patients for whom the
      interval between injury and ligament reconstruction was two to four years, and 90
      per cent of those for whom the interval was more than four years, showed
      articular injury of the medial femoral condyle. Only 31 per cent of the patients,
      however, had preoperative radiographic findings that indicated femoral articular
      damage. Twenty-three of the twenty-five patients with a minimum follow-up of two
      years returned for evaluation. All of the ten patients who had had a repair and
      reconstruction of an acute ligament injury (whose average follow-up was forty-one
      months) had a static and functional result that was graded as good or excellent.
      Of the thirteen patients for whom surgery was done for chronic instability (whose
      average follow-up was thirty-one months), the over-all static and functional
      result was graded as good or excellent in eleven. These results indicate that the
      use of one-third of the patellar tendon for reconstruction in patients with acute
      mid-substance tears as well as in patients with symptomatic chronic instability
      of the posterior cruciate ligament is an effective procedure for achieving static
      and functional stability of the knee.

PMID- 6826594
TI  - Non-operative treatment of complete tears of the medial collateral ligament of
      the knee.

PMID- 6826595
TI  - Infection after total elbow arthroplasty.
AB  - Deep sepsis occurred after fourteen (9 per cent) of 156 elbow-replacement
      procedures in 140 patients. This high frequency of infection was attributed to
      several factors. First, the patients were drawn from a population that was at
      high risk of infection, because rheumatoid arthritis and post-traumatic arthritis
      were the indications for arthroplasty. Second, many of the patients had had prior
      surgery, which significantly (p less than 0.02) increased the risk of sepsis in
      those with rheumatoid arthritis. Third, some patients had surgery after the
      arthroplasty, which also seemed to predispose to deep infection (p less than
      0.05). In one patient the elbow was salvaged by early debridement, and in two
      others reimplantation of a total joint replacement was successful after removal
      of the first prosthesis and control of the infection. Resection arthroplasty was
      required to arrest the infection in ten patients, eight of whom had a
      satisfactory result. The high incidence of this significant complication attests
      to the hazardous nature of the elbow-replacement procedure and should warn
      orthopaedic surgeons to be cautious when recommending this form of treatment.

PMID- 6826596
TI  - The isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft. Treatment without immobilization.
AB  - The isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft is notorious for prolonged healing time.
      Over a twenty-seven-month period, seventy-one such fractures were treated at our
      institution. The initial twelve fractures were immobilized with the standard
      axilla-to-palm plaster cast. They had an average healing time of 10.5 weeks and a
      non-union rate of 8 per cent. The remaining fifty-nine fractures were treated
      without a cast or with a cast or splint for no longer than two weeks after injury
      and then mobilization as tolerated. In this group the average healing time was
      6.7 weeks and there were no non-unions. The motion at the wrist and elbow was
      always regained, and the average loss of forearm rotation was 5 degrees.

PMID- 6826597
TI  - Recurrences after initial dislocation of the shoulder. Results of a prospective
      study of treatment.
AB  - During the years 1978 and 1979, the results in 257 patients with a primary
      anterior dislocation of the shoulder were prospectively studied. The patients
      were less than forty years old and had been treated at twenty-seven Swedish
      hospitals. Thirty-two patients had a fracture of the greater tuberosity, but none
      of them reported having any further dislocations within two years after
      treatment, while 32 per cent of the patients without this fracture had a
      redislocation during the same period. The incidence of fractures of the greater
      tuberosity varied with the age of the patient; the highest rates were in the age
      groups of twelve to thirteen years and thirty-four to forty years (43 and 30 per
      cent, respectively), while in the age group of twenty to twenty-two years this
      injury was found in only 3 per cent of the patients. Chip fractures of the
      glenoid rim were found in 8 per cent of the patients, most of whom were in the
      older age groups. Impression fractures in the posterior part of the humeral head
      were demonstrated in 55 per cent of the patients and were not associated with a
      significantly higher rate of recurrence of dislocation. One hundred and twelve
      patients used an immobilization device for three to four weeks, while 104
      patients began to use the shoulder as early and as freely as possible. At the two
      year follow-up the groups showed an equal rate of recurrence of dislocation. In
      the age group of twenty-two years or younger nearly 50 per cent of the patients
      had one or more recurrences, regardless of treatment. In the two older age groups
      (twenty-three to twenty-nine and thirty to forty years old), the incidence of
      recurrence was 25 per cent or less.

PMID- 6826598
TI  - Doppler-determined segmental pressures and wound-healing in amputations for
      vascular disease.
AB  - One hundred and two diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe vascular
      disease of the lower extremities were studied in the vascular laboratory at the
      Mayo Clinic prior to amputation. The level of amputation was chosen on the basis
      of clinical findings alone. Sixty-seven of the amputations were the classic below
      the-knee type. The tests performed included determinations of segmental systolic
      pressures of the arm, thigh, calf, and ankle determined with the Doppler
      ultrasonic velocity detector. Contrary to other reports, we found no demonstrable
      relationship between calf pressure or calf-arm pressure index and the degree of
      healing of below-the-knee amputations in diabetic or non-diabetic patients.

PMID- 6826599
TI  - Frictional torque in surface and conventional hip replacement.
AB  - The frictional torque of the Trapezoidal-28 total hip replacement and the Tharies
      SR-3 and SR-5 surface replacements were measured in the University of California
      at Los Angeles hip-joint simulator in calf serum. Loads of as much as 890 newtons
      were applied while the femoral component oscillated through a 60-degree arc at
      forty cycles per minute. Frictional torque, as measured by a ring transducer at a
      fixed distance from the center of rotation, was seen to diminish as the thickness
      of the polyethylene increased and was found to be relatively proportional to the
      diameter of the femoral component. The torques measured in this study were found
      to be twenty to 100 times smaller than the static torques to failure for
      acetabular fixation that have been reported in the literature. Finally, no
      permanent deformation of the thin acetabular shells attributable to the cementing
      process was apparent when the recommended technique of surgical insertion was
      utilized. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surface replacement components have been shown to
      generate greater frictional torques at the acetabular bone-cement interface than
      do smaller-diameter conventional hip replacements. This indicates that the local
      mechanical-loading conditions of the hip joint are not the same for both types of
      replacements, and this should be considered when selecting the type of
      arthroplasty for an individual patient.

PMID- 6826600
TI  - Experimental osteomyelitis: description of a canine model and the role of depot
      administration of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of sepsis.
AB  - Osteomyelitis of the proximal portion of the tibia was consistently produced in
      the dog by the instillation of a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus about an
      intramedullary foreign body consisting of acrylic bone cement. The clinical,
      histological, and roentgenographic manifestations of the infectious process were
      consistent with those of subacute osteomyelitis, such as may be encountered in
      infections following total joint arthroplasty. The osteomyelitic process
      persisted in six of the seven tibiae even after removal of the acrylic bone
      cement. Using this model, gentamicin-impregnated acrylic bone cement (Palacos)
      prevented the development of osteomyelitis in nine of ten tibiae that were
      concomitantly exposed to Staphylococcus aureus in concentrations ranging from 1 x
      10(3) to 1 x 10(9) organisms. However, Palacos in bulk form was ineffective in
      the treatment of three of five tibiae in which osteomyelitis caused by
      Staphylococcus aureus was already established. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A variety of
      new antimicrobial agents has been introduced, but evaluation of the value of
      these agents in infections of the musculoskeletal system has relied almost
      exclusively on clinical trials. Preclinical trials in an animal model could
      permit earlier detection of promising agents and proper dosage schedules. Newer
      surgical procedures utilized in the treatment of osteomyelitis, such as local
      muscle flaps and free vascularized flaps, could also be evaluated to determine
      how they influence the local blood supply and microbial persistence. In addition,
      the animal model might aid in the evaluation of newer and non-invasive diagnostic
      scanning techniques used in the study of infection.

PMID- 6826602
TI  - Effect of patellectomy on the function of the quadriceps and hamstrings.
AB  - The Cybex-II isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure quadriceps and hamstrings
      function after unilateral patellectomy in twelve patients. The interval between
      surgery and testing averaged twenty-six months (range, fourteen to forty-two
      months). Data on isokinetic and isometric performance were compared with those of
      the untreated limb and with those of subjects who had not been operated on but
      who had been matched by age, sex, and weight. On the side that had been operated
      on, the peak torque of the quadriceps was significantly decreased whereas the
      peak torque of the hamstrings was preserved. Deficits in time factors related to
      the development of tension and high-speed performance were documented, revealing
      abnormalities in both muscle groups. Although patellectomy was successful in
      achieving relief of pain in these patients, the results of the study confirmed
      that the function of the knee muscles was compromised postoperatively. The
      objective findings documented alterations in muscle function that correlated well
      with the functional limitations described by the patients.

PMID- 6826601
TI  - Leakage of radioactive particle systems from a synovial joint studied with a
      gamma camera. Its application to radiation synovectomy.
AB  - We have determined rates of leakage of radioactivity from a rabbit synovial pouch
      in vivo for a number of particle systems of varying sizes and differing
      resistance to degradation. The estimates were made using a gamma scintillation
      camera and without killing the test animals. The lowest leakage at twenty-four
      hours was seen with inert carbonized microspheres and the highest rates were seen
      with surface-labeled particles of biodegradable denatured human serum albumin and
      with erythrocytes. The carbonized microspheres had no adverse long-term effects
      on the health of the animals' articular cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results
      obtained with inert particles indicate that reducing the biodegradability of the
      particle or increasing its diameter, or both, reduces radioactivity losses from
      the knee joint. Large (twenty-five-micrometer-diameter) microspheres of human
      serum albumin incorporating the radioactivity and carbonized microspheres are
      suggested as potential carriers of isotopes for human radiation synovectomy.

PMID- 6826603
TI  - Splenic injury complicating the anterior thoracoabdominal surgical approach for
      scoliosis. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6826604
TI  - Impending rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after a minimally
      displaced Colles fracture. A case report.

PMID- 6826605
TI  - Plastic bowing of the clavicle in children. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6826606
TI  - Weight-lifting as a cause of compartment syndrome in the forearm. A case report.

PMID- 6826607
TI  - Anteriorly displaced transverse fracture of the sacrum at the level of the sacro
      iliac joint. A report of two cases.

PMID- 6826608
TI  - Congenital band causing pseudarthrosis and impending gangrene of the leg. A case
      report with successful treatment.

PMID- 6826609
TI  - Post-anesthetic myoglobinuria with acute renal failure (normothermic malignant
      hyperthermia). A case report.

PMID- 6826610
TI  - Osteolysis in the distal part of the clavicle in male athletes.

PMID- 6826611
TI  - Congenital ball-and-socket ankle joints and related lower extremity
      malformations.

PMID- 6826612
TI  - Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 6826613
TI  - Chronic osteomyelitis. An unusual variant.
AB  - An unusual form of chronic osteomyelitis in children is described. Three children
      presented with clinical signs of acute infection and radiographs revealed a pre
      existing destructive bone lesion. Exploration of the lesions did not release pus,
      and cultures for pathogens were negative. The lesions healed but the symptoms
      returned intermittently over many years with the development of sclerosis and
      disturbance of bone growth. The lesions did not respond to antibiotics or
      operative treatment. All the patients were fully investigated and although the
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased the white blood count was seldom
      abnormal. There were no neurological abnormalities. Two of the three cases
      required an osteotomy to correct malalignment. A comparison is made between the
      findings in these three patients with similar cases reported recently and
      possible causes are discussed.

PMID- 6826614
TI  - Dislocations at the cervicothoracic junction.
AB  - Dislocations of the cervicothoracic junction are frequently missed. Experience of
      this rare injury over 27 years at the Spinal Injuries Unit in Sheffield confirms
      that nearly two-thirds were not properly diagnosed on admission. Only two of the
      14 dislocations studied were reduced by conservative methods and these were both
      associated with fractures of the posterior bony elements. Open reduction is
      necessary to replace pure dislocations at the C7-T1 level. It seems likely that
      the spinal cord lesion is not influenced by reduction of the displacement. The
      three patients who had an incomplete lesion of the spinal cord made excellent
      neurological recoveries although none of the dislocations was reduced. It is
      concluded that on theoretical grounds it is justified to embark on operative
      reduction of displacements at this spinal level only if the cord lesion is
      incomplete, nerve root recovery therefore possible, and if the operation can be
      brought about soon after the injury.

PMID- 6826615
TI  - A system for the electrophysiological monitoring of the spinal cord during
      operations for scoliosis.
AB  - An electrophysiological system for monitoring the spinal cord during operations
      for scoliosis is described. During the development of the technique the recording
      of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials from the scalp and spinal
      somatosensory evoked potentials from the laminae or spines was superseded by the
      positioning of recording electrodes in the epidural space cephalad to the area to
      be fused. All recordings were made in response to stimulation of the posterior
      tibial nerve at the knee. Results in 138 patients are presented and the findings
      in three patients who exhibited neurological deficits after operation are
      described. It is concluded that spinal somatosensory evoked potentials are
      sensitive to minor spinal cord impairment, possible due to ischaemia, and that
      these changes may be reversed when the cause is quickly remedied. The monitoring
      system interferes minimally with anaesthetic and surgical procedures and is now
      performed as a routine.

PMID- 6826616
TI  - Closed vertebral biopsy.
AB  - A study of cadaveric vertebral biopsy and a review of 100 clinical biopsies has
      shown that needles and trephines producing tissue specimens of two millimetres or
      more in diameter can be expected to give a high degree of diagnostic accuracy.
      The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was a more useful screening investigation than
      were estimations of serum alkaline phosphatase. The complications are described.
      It is suggested that patients with painful thoracic metastases and evidence of
      progressive cord compression should have early decompression after open biopsy if
      further neurological compromise is to be prevented.

PMID- 6826617
TI  - Failure of ultrasound in the investigation of sciatica.
AB  - This paper reports a prospective study of the value of ultrasonography in
      detecting lesions of the lumbar spine in patients with compressive sciatica. The
      measurements of the diameter of the spinal canal obtained by using ultrasound
      were compared with the findings at operation in 17 patients in whom a total of 50
      sites were examined. The ultrasound beam failed to penetrate the spinal canal at
      15 sites and at only 10 of the remaining 35 sites did the ultrasound correctly
      detect narrowing. It is concluded that ultrasonography is unreliable in
      identifying the site of compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The
      technical limitations and the probable causes of failure of the technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 6826618
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the hip in adolescence with separation of the capital
      epiphysis. Two case reports.
AB  - Fracture separation of the capital femoral epiphysis occurring during attempted
      closed reduction of a traumatic dislocation of the hip is described in two
      adolescents. Although this complication is extremely rare, the prognosis of
      fracture separation with dislocation of the epiphysis is known to be poor.
      Avascular necrosis subsequently developed in both cases. The importance of gentle
      manipulative reduction under general anaesthesia with complete muscle relaxation
      is emphasised.

PMID- 6826619
TI  - An analysis of the late effects of traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip
      without fractures.
AB  - The long-term results of 74 cases of simple traumatic dislocation of the hip are
      reported and the effects of the cause of dislocation and of the occupation and
      age of the patient on the prognosis are assessed. The average follow-up was 14.65
      years. Contrary to the widely held view that there are no long-term complications
      of this injury, we found that, overall, 24 per cent of the dislocated hips went
      on to develop osteoarthritis. The incidence was highest in manual workers with
      37.5 per cent of miners injured in car accidents developing osteoarthritis
      compared with only 20 per cent of the sedentary workers. The incidence of
      osteoarthritis in miners injured in pit accidents was 45 per cent compared with
      only 17 per cent for those involved in motor cycle accidents. These differences
      could be due to continued heavy work after the accident rather than to any
      difference in the violence of the initial injury. The incidence of osteoarthritis
      was highest in patients aged between 31 and 40 years and, as expected, was found
      to increase with length of follow-up.

PMID- 6826620
TI  - Tibial dysplasia. A study of the anatomy.
AB  - Three amputated legs with tibial dysplasia were studied by radiography,
      arteriography and anatomical dissection. The radiographic appearances were the
      same as the Type 1b tibial dysplasia described by Jones, Barnes and Lloyd-Roberts
      (1978) in that the tibiae were absent but the lower femoral epiphyses were
      normal. However, our anatomical findings differed from those of Jones et al.
      since no bony or cartilaginous anlage of the proximal tibia was found in any of
      the three legs. The pattern of vascular anomaly was identical in the three legs
      and similar to the findings of Hootnick et al. (1980) in congenital short fibula.
      Congenital fusion of the subtalar joint was a constant finding. These results
      support the hypothesis that the arterial and skeletal systems are vulnerable to a
      teratogenic insult in the fifth week of embryonic life. The bony and arterial
      anomalies should be borne in mind by the surgeon attempting reconstructive
      surgery for this condition.

PMID- 6826621
TI  - Irreducible fracture-separations of the distal tibial epiphysis.
AB  - Three cases of a rare complication of Salter Type II fracture-separations of the
      distal tibial epiphysis are described. Interposition of the anterior tibial
      neurovascular bundle between the displaced epiphysis and the lower tibia
      prevented reduction and, in two patients, the blood supply to the foot was
      compromised. Open reduction and internal fixation resulted in a satisfactory
      outcome in each case.

PMID- 6826622
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty in haemophilic arthritis.
AB  - The results of total knee replacement in five patients aged between 22 and 37
      with severe haemophilia A or B are described. All patients had been managed
      conservatively without success. Frequent bleeds, severe pain and limitation of
      movement were the indications for operation. Despite close haematological
      surveillance, bleeding problems occurred in three of the patients and large
      quantities of plasma concentrates were required. Review of the patients over a
      period of 25 to 48 months after operation showed dramatic lessening of pain and
      maintenance of a satisfactory range of movement. The frequency of haemarthrosis
      diminished markedly and the requirements for factor concentrate in the years
      after operation fell substantially. Two patients returned to employment. Total
      knee replacement led to marked clinical improvement in all the patients, but the
      long-term results are not yet known.

PMID- 6826623
TI  - Supramalleolar derotation osteotomy for lateral tibial torsion and associated
      equinovarus deformity of the foot.
AB  - The development of lateral tibial torsion in the paralysed lower limb is well
      documented, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This paper attempts to
      provide an explanation for its development when it is associated with a varus or
      equinovarus deformity of the hindfoot. Correction of the lateral tibial torsion
      by supramalleolar derotation tibial osteotomy and reorientation of the ankle
      mortise appear to unlock the talus from the laterally rotated position,
      correcting a mobile hindfoot varus deformity and altering soft-tissue tensions
      about the ankle so that the correction achieved is maintained. In the presence of
      a fixed hindfoot deformity, supramalleolar derotation tibial osteotomy is useful
      as a first-stage procedure before corrective osteotomies of the foot. The
      operation described is technically simple and carries a low morbidity. Twenty
      supramalleolar derotation tibial osteotomies in 18 patients have been performed
      with satisfactory results and few complications.

PMID- 6826624
TI  - Operative treatment of chronic ruptures of the rotator cuff of the shoulder.
AB  - The results of 63 operative repairs of chronic tears of the rotator cuff in 61
      patients are reviewed retrospectively; the mean follow-up was 32.7 months. Fifty
      four patients presented with symptoms of persistent pain and seven patients with
      gross loss of movement. All the patients had failed to respond to conservative
      treatment. Results were assessed in terms of relief of pain, restoration of
      movement, the patients' ability to return to work and whether they were satisfied
      with the results. Overall, a good result in terms of relief of pain was achieved
      in 40 shoulders. In 31 shoulders (30 with pain and one without pain) the
      operation included particular measures to decompress the subacromial space; 26 of
      the patients achieved relief of pain which was significantly better than in those
      patients whose operation did not include a decompression. The complications and
      failures are discussed. It is suggested that operative repair of the chronically
      torn rotator cuff of the shoulder is a worthwhile operation and that the
      operation should include an adequate decompression of the subacromial space.

PMID- 6826625
TI  - Bilateral four-part fractures with posterior dislocation of the shoulder. A case
      report.

PMID- 6826626
TI  - Osteotomy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint.
AB  - Degenerative changes of the first carpometacarpal joint commonly cause pain,
      weakness and adduction deformity. Many patients respond to conservative
      treatment, but in resistant cases an abduction wedge osteotomy of the base of the
      first metacarpal has been found to relieve symptoms with less complications than
      other operations. Twenty-one patients with 23 osteotomies have been reviewed,
      with a follow-up from 2 to 17 years. All have had lasting relief from pain and
      consider that they have full function, with no stiffness or limited abduction.
      Osteotomy is indicated mainly for cases where the arthritis is confined to the
      carpometacarpal joint, but also relieves pain in cases of peritrapezial
      arthritis.

PMID- 6826627
TI  - Absence of the pituitary gland in a case of congenital sacral agenesis.
AB  - We report for the first time the combination of congenital sacral agenesis and
      congenital absence of the pituitary gland. This rare association is described in
      a baby born to a diabetic mother. The baby died at the age of 11 weeks after a
      cardiorespiratory collapse. The findings at necropsy, which included unusual
      neurological and visceral anomalies, are reported. We draw attention to the
      increasing evidence that maternal diabetes is a factor in producing foetal
      malformations.

PMID- 6826628
TI  - Paraplegia in osteogenesis imperfecta. A case report.
AB  - Paraplegia occurred in an adolescent girl with osteogenesis imperfecta after
      chiropractic manipulation. The child had been able to walk freely out of doors.
      Complete motor paralysis with sensory sparing resulted due to anterior
      compression of the cord by spondyloptotic cervical vertebrae. Reconstructed
      computerised tomography was very helpful in demonstrating the abnormality.
      Anterior and then posterior decompression relieved the tethered spinal cord and
      were supplemented with bone grafting. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment will
      prevent similar neurological accidents.

PMID- 6826630
TI  - The trabecular pattern of the calcaneum as an index of osteoporosis.
AB  - Radiographs of the foot and hip in 61 patients with fractures of the upper end of
      femur have been studied, noting the progressive loss of bone trabeculae with age.
      The trabecular pattern in the calcaneum (expressed as the calcaneal index)
      closely parallels that in the upper end of the femur (Singh's index) and is
      easier to assess. Both indices have a significant correlation with age.

PMID- 6826629
TI  - Changes in crystal size and orientation of acidic glycosaminoglycans at the
      fracture site in fractured necks of femur.
AB  - The aim of this study was to try to elucidate the increased susceptibility of the
      neck of femur to fracture. Quantitative polarised light microscopy has been
      applied to fresh, undecalcified sections of samples of bone taken from the site
      of fracture, in specimens taken at operation from patients with fractures of the
      femoral neck or osteoarthritic femoral heads or from the equivalent site from
      otherwise normal subjects at necropsy. In all 21 specimens of fractured necks of
      femur, but in none of the other specimens, relatively large crystals (up to 2.5 X
      0.5 micrometres) were found close to the site of fracture; the properties of
      these crystals were compatible with their being apatite. Measurement of the
      natural birefringence of the collagen showed no difference in the orientation of
      the collagen in all three types of specimen. However, the orientation of acidic
      glycosaminoglycans, measured by the birefringence of alcian blue bound to these
      moieties, was 45 per cent lower in the specimens from fractured necks of femur
      than in the other specimens, even though the total content of acidic
      glycosaminoglycans was unchanged. Although the decreased orientation was most
      marked close to the site of fracture, it was still apparent 15 millimetres from
      that site. These changes were unlikely to be simply the sequelae of fracture
      since they were not found in traumatic fractures of other bones. Thus it is
      conceivable that changes in the orientation of the ground substance allow
      formation of relatively large crystals of apatite and that such crystals, in the
      microcrystalline mass of apatite, are the cause of the increased fragility of
      such bones.

PMID- 6826631
TI  - The effect of fatigue on the lumbar intervertebral disc.
AB  - Forty-one cadaveric lumbar intervertebral joints from 18 spines were flexed and
      fatigue loaded to simulate a vigorous day's activity. The joints were then
      bisected and the discs examined. Twenty-three out of 41 of the discs showed
      distortions in the lamellae of the annulus fibrosus and, in a few of these,
      complete radial fissures were found in the posterior annulus.

PMID- 6826632
TI  - The significance of the posterior cruciate ligament in the stability of the knee.
      An experimental study in dogs.
AB  - The significance of the posterior cruciate ligament in the stability of the knee
      was investigated in dogs and it was compared with that of the anterior cruciate
      ligament by studying the changes produced in the knee after transection of either
      ligament. Osteophyte formation and changes in articular cartilage were less
      prominent after division of the posterior cruciate ligament. A complete
      longitudinal tear of the medial meniscus was found in eight out of the 10 dogs
      who had undergone section of the anterior cruciate but in none of the 10 with
      section of the posterior cruciate. It appears that, in dogs at least, the
      posterior cruciate ligament is less important than the anterior in the stability
      of the knee.

PMID- 6826633
TI  - Scientific proceedings. Section of Experimental Cancer Research of the German
      Cancer Society. Second symposium, Heidelberg, 9-11 March, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 6826634
TI  - Epidemiologic investigations. Care in conduct, care in analysis, and care in
      reporting.

PMID- 6826635
TI  - The effect of attenuated vaccinia virus AS strain on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric cancer in rats.
AB  - The effect of vaccinia virus on MNNG-induced gastric cancer in rats was studied.
      Subcutaneous inoculation of the highly attenuated vaccinia virus AS strain at
      intervals of 3 days from the beginning of the experiment showed prominent
      antitumor activity not only against adenocarcinoma induced by MNNG in the
      glandular stomach but also against squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach.
      Both UV-inactivated vaccinia virus and the DI strain of mammalian pathogenic
      vaccinia virus, from which the AS strain originated, showed no antitumor effect.

PMID- 6826636
TI  - The arrest of circulating tumor cells in the liver microcirculation. A vital
      fluorescence microscopic, electron microscopic and isotope study in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that thrombocytopenia reduces the lodgement of
      circulating tumor cells, thus indicating a role of platelets in tumor cell
      lodgement. In this study, a vital fluorescence microscopic technique, electron
      microscopy and isotope measurements were combined to analyse the very first phase
      (5 min) of tumor cell lodgement using a syngeneic, methylcholantrene induced
      fibrosarcoma. The mode of tumor cell arrest in the liver microvasculature of
      normal and thrombocytopenic rats was studied. In addition, tumor cell size and
      deformability were investigated in vitro. The in vitro experiments showed that
      the fibrosarcoma cells were very rigid. Both the vital microscopic and electron
      microscopic studies indicated that the tumor cells mainly became arrested by
      mechanical trapping in narrow liver sinusoids. Arrest of tumor cells by adherence
      to venular walls was a rare finding. Platelets did not seem to influence any of
      these initial phenomena of tumor cell lodgement. The isotope measurements, which
      showed no difference in the number of tumor cells lodged in the liver between
      normal and thrombocytopenic rats, further indicated that the initial arrest of
      the fibrosarcoma cells was not influenced by platelets.

PMID- 6826637
TI  - Development and cell kinetics of colonic tumors induced in mice by
      dimethylhydrazine.

PMID- 6826639
TI  - Lung cancer mortality of workers employed in chromate pigment factories. A
      multicentric European epidemiological study.
AB  - This study was designed in an attempt to quantify the mortality from cancer and
      other diseases among workers of European factories producing chromate pigments.
      The prevailing mixed exposures to zinc as well as lead chromate pigment--although
      the latter was produced predominantly over the whole period of time made it
      impossible to distinguish those persons exposed to lead chromate pigment. This
      report deals with cancer of the respiratory tract and lung cancer in particular.
      The total workforce of each factory included in the study was followed up, more
      successfully when they were employed before 1960 than after that time owing to
      the rising number of foreign nationals. Observed deaths from five factories were
      compared with expected deaths calculated on the basis of mortality figures for
      the region in which a given factory was located. Further analysis concerned data
      of relevant cohorts, which comprised only persons observed for a minimum of 10
      years (i.e., exposure beginning before 1965), certainty of complete records for
      the entire staff to assure a complete cohort instead of prevailing healthy
      survivors, and exclusion of all foreign nationals. As a result, the overall
      mortality did not deviate from the expected rates. Lung-cancer rates were always
      in excess of expected numbers, although only in one cohort to a statistically
      significant extent. The pattern of duration of exposure indicates that the lung
      cancer risk does not show a clear dose-response effect with time of employment.
      Due to the mixed nature of exposure, conclusions must be limited with the effect
      that the results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that working in a
      chrome-processing plant environment is associated with an increased incidence of
      lung cancer and with a higher probability of dying from lung cancer compared with
      the general population.

PMID- 6826638
TI  - The consequences of chronic arsenic poisoning among Moselle wine growers.
      Pathoanatomical investigations of post-mortem examinations performed between 1960
      and 1977.
AB  - From post-mortem examinations performed at the Pathology Institute at Koblenz,
      163 cases of wine growers affected by chronic arsenic poisoning were analyzed.
      While a reduction could be seen in the number of cases of liver cirrhosis, the
      carcinoma rate was still high and even increased when compared to earlier
      reports. Lung cancers were identified in 66% of all wine growers affected and are
      thus the leading form of the skin were observed. A particular characteristic of
      amount of carcinomas or precarcinogenic alterations of arsenic carcinoma.
      However, nearly the same amount of carcinomas or precarcinogenic alterations of
      the skin were observed. A particular characteristic of cases. Among the multiple
      tumors, up to six different carcinomas were found. As arsenic is no longer
      detectable by toxicologic-chemical means the deposits of arsenic have been
      depleted and excreted long ago and so the diagnosis of chronic poisoning today
      depends on morphological changes of the skin (arsenic hyperkeratosis, melanosis
      and M. Bowen) which have been shown to be reliable. A comparison of our analysis
      with much more extensive material collected by the trade association supports our
      experience and the determined case rates. Furthermore modern theories on the
      carcinogenic action of arsenic, the question of the tumor latency and the
      relation of specific cancers to the poison are presented. In addition medical
      opinions on chronic arsenic poisoning are discussed.

PMID- 6826640
TI  - Induction of tumors of the forestomach in rats by oral application of N-methyl-N'
      nitro-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - After 12 oral applications of 80 mg/kg MNNG as a suspension in 30% aqueous
      ethanol at weekly intervals, 98 Sprague-Dawley rats died with multiple tumors of
      the forestomach after a medium latency period of 226 days. Histological
      examination showed generalized papillomatosis developing into keratinizing
      squamous cell carcinomas with infiltrative growth in 88/98 (89%) animals.
      Tumorigenic lesions in the glandular stomach ware only observed in 3/98 rats. In
      two of these animals, mucosal adenocarcinomas were found and in the third a
      leiomyosarcoma. In about 30% of the animals treated with MNNG, degenerative liver
      changes were found, especially single cell and focal necroses, cystic
      alterations, and bile-duct proliferations.

PMID- 6826641
TI  - Histological grading and clinical staging of plasmacytoma.
AB  - One hundred and forty cases of myeloma were reexamined histologically and
      classified in three histocytological grades. Close correlations were established
      between the clinical stages as defined by Durie and Salmon (1975) and the grades
      of histocytological differentiation. The number of osteolytic lesions correlates
      with dedifferentiation of malignant plasma cells. Dedifferentiation and high
      plasma cell counts in the bone marrow are associated with rarefication of
      hemopoiectic cells and often with an increase of reticular fiber network.

PMID- 6826642
TI  - The growth of publications on monoclonal antibodies 1975-1981. A bibliometric
      evaluation.

PMID- 6826643
TI  - Deposition of fibronectin and laminin in the basement membrane of the rat
      parietal yolk sac: immunohistochemical and biosynthetic studies.
AB  - Rat parietal yolk sacs (PYS) at gestational ages 7.5, 9.5, 11.5, 13.5, 14.5, and
      16.5 d were reacted with antibodies against laminin or plasma fibronectin. At all
      times studied, laminin consistently gave a positive reaction with Reichert's
      membrane and with the cytoplasm of PYS cells. In contrast, fibronectin gave a
      negative reaction with Reichert's membrane at day 7.5, was weakly positive at day
      9.5, and from then on was increasingly positive with maximum reactivity at 14.5
      d. By electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, antilaminin reacted strongly
      with 14.5-d Reichert's membrane and with the contents of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum RER cisternae of the PYS cells. Antifibronectin had some spotty
      reactivity with Reichert's membrane, but the cytoplasm of the PYS cells was
      negative. The contents of the vitelline vessels and the interface between
      trophoblast and Reichert's membrane were strongly positive. Metabolic labeling of
      PYS cells in organ culture clearly demonstrated the presence of laminin, type IV
      procollagen, and entactin both in the medium and in tissues, but fibronectin was
      absent. No component in the medium bound to gelatin-Sepharose columns. These
      studies demonstrate that PYS cells, which actively synthesize and secrete
      basement membrane components, do not synthesize any detectable fibronectin.
      Furthermore, the anti-fibronectin staining pattern in the vitelline vessels and
      trophoblast-Reichert's membrane interface strongly suggests that the fibronectin
      present in Reichert's membrane is derived from the maternal circulation and is
      merely "trapped" in the membrane.

PMID- 6826644
TI  - Preferential degradation of the terminal carbohydrate moiety of membrane
      glycoproteins in rat hepatoma cells and after transfer to the membranes of mouse
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Glycoproteins in the plasma membrane of rat hepatoma cells were labeled at their
      externally exposed tyrosine residues with 131I and at their galactose and sialic
      acid residues with 3H. The degradation of both isotopes in the total cell protein
      fraction, in glycoproteins purified by concanavalin A, and in glycoproteins
      separated on two-dimensional gels was determined. Similarly, the total cellular
      membrane glycoproteins were metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine and
      [3H]fucose. The fate of both incorporated labels was followed by lectin
      chromatography or by precipitation of the proteins with specific antibodies
      followed by electrophoretic gel separation. In both labeling experiments, the
      carbohydrate markers were lost from the ligand-recognized fraction with similar
      kinetics as from the total cell protein fraction. In some glycoprotein species
      which were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the polypeptide
      portion exhibited up to a twofold slower rate of degradation relative to that of
      the carbohydrate moiety. This difference is most pronounced in carbohydrate-rich
      glycoproteins. To corroborate this finding, double-labeled membrane glycoproteins
      were incorporated into reconstituted phospholipid vesicles which were then
      transferred via fusion into the plasma membrane of mouse fibroblasts. Both the
      polypeptide and carbohydrate moieties of the transferred membrane glycoproteins
      were degraded with the same relative kinetics as in the original hepatoma cells.
      The rate of degradation is mostly a function of the structural properties of the
      membrane components as shown by the preservation of metabolically stable
      fucogangliosides of Reuber H-35 hepatoma cells transferred onto the fibroblasts.
      The technique of insertion of membrane components into the plasma membrane of
      another cell should assist in the elucidation of the exact route and mechanism of
      membrane protein destruction.

PMID- 6826645
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion using
      fluorescent membrane and cytoplasmic probes.
AB  - The mechanism by which polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediates cell fusion has been
      studied by examining the movements of membrane lipids and proteins, as well as
      cytoplasmic markers, from erythrocytes to monolayers of cultured cells to which
      they have been fused. Fluorescence and freeze-fracture electron microscopy and
      fluorescence recovery after photobleaching have yielded the following results:
      (a) In the presence of both fusogenic and nonfusogenic PEG membranes are brought
      together at closely apposed contact regions. (b) Fluorescent lipid probes quickly
      spread from the membranes of erythrocytes to cultured cells in the presence of
      both fusogenic and nonfusogenic PEG. (c) Proteins of the erythrocyte membranes
      were never observed to diffuse into the cultured cell membrane. (d) Water-soluble
      proteins did not diffuse from the erythrocyte interior into the target cell
      cytoplasm until the PEG was removed. These data suggest that the coordinate
      action of two distinct components is necessary for fusion as mediated by PEG.
      Presumably, the polymer itself promotes close apposition of the adjacent cell
      membranes but the fusion stimulus is provided by the additives contained in
      commercial PEG.

PMID- 6826646
TI  - Cell-type-related segregation of surface galactosyl-containing components at an
      early developmental stage in hemopoietic bone marrow cells in the rabbit.
AB  - The avidin-biotin complex was used for the selective ultrastructural labeling of
      terminal cell surface galactosyl residues. Rabbit bone marrow cells were treated
      with the enzyme galactose oxidase in the presence of biotin hydrazide. Subsequent
      treatment with ferritin-avidin conjugates enabled the electron microscopic
      visualization of terminal membrane-based galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine
      on these cells. All stages of erythroid development were characterized by high
      levels of exposed cell surface galactose, whereas all leukoid cells in the same
      preparations were virtually unlabeled by the above method. Modulations in the
      distribution of these surface determinants during differentiation and maturation
      of rabbit erythroid cells were found to concur in inverse fashion with respect to
      that of terminal sialic acids. Neuraminidase treatment, before the above labeling
      procedure, resulted in the exposure of additional galactosyl residues on the
      surface of all bone marrow cell types. The results indicate that a galactose
      bearing glycoconjugate(s) may comprise an erythroid-specific membrane constituent
      of rabbit bone marrow cells. The high density of galactose on the surface of even
      the earliest erythroid precursors may eventually enable the identification and
      isolation of a stem cell, which already contains the erythroid-specific
      galactoconjugate(s). The results suggest that variations in the spectrum of cell
      surface carbohydrates may serve as recognition signals in the complex set of
      intercellular interactions which occur during the development and maturation of
      the erythrocyte. The occurrence of similar but species-specific variations in the
      complement of surface heterosaccharides during erythroid development of humans
      and other mammals supports this contention.

PMID- 6826647
TI  - In vitro differentiation and calcification in a new clonal osteogenic cell line
      derived from newborn mouse calvaria.
AB  - We investigated the capacity of a clonal osteogenic cell line MC3T3-E1,
      established from newborn mouse calvaria and selected on the basis of high
      alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the confluent state, to differentiate into
      osteoblasts and mineralize in vitro. The cells in the growing state showed a
      fibroblastic morphology and grew to form multiple layers. On day 21, clusters of
      cells exhibiting typical osteoblastic morphology were found in osmiophilic
      nodular regions. Such nodules increased in number and size with incubation time
      and became easily identifiable with the naked eye by day 40-50. In the central
      part of well-developed nodules, osteocytes were embedded in heavily mineralized
      bone matrix. Osteoblasts were arranged at the periphery of the bone spicules and
      were surrounded by lysosome-rich cells and a fibroblastic cell layer. Numerous
      matrix vesicles were scattered around the osteoblasts and young osteocytes.
      Matrix vesicles and plasma membranes of osteoblasts, young osteocytes, and
      lysosome-rich cells showed strong reaction to cytochemical stainings for ALP
      activity and calcium ions. Minerals were initially localized in the matrix
      vesicles and then deposited on well-banded collagen fibrils. Deposited minerals
      consisted exclusively of calcium and phosphorus, and some of the crystals had
      matured into hydroxyapatite crystals. These results indicate that MC3T3-E1 cells
      have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and osteocytes and to form
      calcified bone tissue in vitro.

PMID- 6826648
TI  - Chemotactic response of monocytes to thrombin.
AB  - Human alpha-thrombin, the procoagulant activation product of prothrombin, elicits
      chemotaxis in human peripheral blood monocytes and several macrophagelike
      continuous cell lines, most notably J-774.2, but not in human peripheral blood
      granulocytes. alpha-Thrombin is effective in stimulating cell movement at
      concentrations ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-6) M but is optimally active at 10(-8)
      M. At the latter concentration, the degree of response is equivalent, on a molar
      basis, to that observed with the peptide formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine,
      (FMP). In contrast to thrombin, prothrombin produces a minimal chemotactic
      response in monocytes and J-774.2. Blockade of alpha-thrombin's active center
      with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIP-F) or tryptic proteolysis of the
      procoagulant exosite (i.e., gamma-thrombin) fails to alter chemotactic activity.
      On the other hand, addition of equimolar amounts of antithrombin III (AT3) to
      alpha-thrombin reduces thrombin-mediated chemotaxis by 60%, and increased ratios
      of AT3 to enzyme completely suppress chemotaxis. We conclude that thrombin is a
      potent monocyte chemotaxin and that the domains in thrombin involved in
      stimulating cell movement are distinct from the catalytic site and the fibrin
      recognition exosite. These chemotactic domains appear to be sequestered in
      prothrombin and in the thrombin-AT3 complex and, as such, are unavailable to the
      chemotactic receptor on the monocyte cell membrane.

PMID- 6826649
TI  - Is the major Drosophila heat shock protein present in cells that have not been
      heat shocked?
AB  - When eukaryotic cells are exposed to elevated temperatures they respond by
      vigorously synthesizing a small group of proteins called the heat shock proteins.
      An essential element in defining the role of these proteins is determining
      whether they are unique to a stressed state or are also found in healthy, rapidly
      growing cells at normal temperatures. To date, there have been conflicting
      reports concerning the major heat-induced protein of Drosophila cells, HSP 70. We
      report the development of monoclonal antibodies specific for this protein. These
      antibodies were used to assay HSP 70 in cells incubated under different culture
      conditions. The protein was detectable in cells maintained at normal
      temperatures, but only when immunological techniques were pushed to the limits of
      their sensitivity. To test for the possibility that these cells contain a
      reservoir of protein in a cryptic antigenic state (i.e., waiting
      posttranslational modification for use at high temperature), we treated cells
      with cycloheximide or actinomycin D immediately before heat shock. HSP 70 was not
      detected in these cells. Finally, we tested for the presence of a reservoir of
      inactive messages by using a high stringency hybridization of 32P-labeled cloned
      gene sequences to electrophoretically separated RNAs. Although HSP 70 mRNA was
      detectable in rapidly growing cells, it was present at less than 1/1,000th the
      level achieved after induction.

PMID- 6826650
TI  - Membrane proteins of the vacuolar system. III. Further studies on the composition
      and recycling of endocytic vacuole membrane in cultured macrophages.
AB  - In previous publications (Muller, W.A., R.M. Steinman, Z.A. Cohn. 1980, J.Cell
      Biol. 86:292-314), we found that the membrane of macrophage phagolysosomes could
      be selectively radioiodinated in living cells, The technique required
      phagocytosis of lactoperoxidase covalently coupled to latex spheres (LPO-latex),
      followed by iodination on ice with Na(125)I and hydrogen peroxide. In this paper,
      we use the LPO-latex system to further analyze the composition and recycling of
      phagocytic vacuole membrane. Three approaches were employed to examine the
      polypeptide composition of the phagolysosome (PL) and plasma membranes (PM). (a)
      The efficiency of intracellular iodination was increased by increasing lysosomal
      pH with chloroquine. By one-dimensional SDS PAGE, the heavily labeled chloroquine
      treated PL exhibited the same labeled polypeptides as PM iodinated
      extracellularly with LPO-latex. (b) Iodinated PL and PM were compared by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. No differences in the isoelectric point and
      molecular weight of the major iodinated species were detected. (c) Quantitative
      immune precipitation was performed with five specific antibodies directed against
      cell surface antigens. Four antibodies precipitated similar relative amounts of
      labeled antigen on the cell surface and endocytic vacuole. One antibody, secreted
      by hybridoma 2.6, detected a 21-kdalton polypeptide that was enriched sevenfold
      in PL membrane. This enrichment was cell surface-derived, since the amount of
      labeled 2.6 was increased sevenfold when iodinated PM was driven into the cell
      during latex uptake. Therefore, intracellular iodination primarily detects PL
      proteins that are identical to their PM counterparts. Additional studies employed
      electron microscope autoradiography to monitor the centrifugal flow of
      radiolabeled polypeptides from PL to PM. Cells were iodinated intralysosomally
      and returned to culture for only 5-10 min at 37 degrees C. Most of the cell
      associated label then redistributed to the cell surface or its adjacent area.
      Significant movement out of the lysosome compartment occurred even at 2 degrees C
      and 22 degrees C. Extensive and rapid membrane flow through the secondary
      lysosome presumably contributes to the great similarity between PM and PL
      membrane polypeptides.

PMID- 6826651
TI  - Discoidin I and discoidin II are localized differently in developing
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The distribution of discoidin I and discoidin II, developmentally regulated
      lectins in Dictyostelium discoideum, was determined immunohistochemically at
      various stages of development. Discoidin I was first prominent as focal clumps in
      aggregating cells, then accumulated on the surface of aggregates and around them.
      Discoidin II became prominent later and ultimately localized in what appear to be
      prespore vesicles. The results indicate that discoidin I and discoidin II have
      different and possibly multiple functions.

PMID- 6826652
TI  - Studies on cell division in mammalian cells. VII. A temperature-sensitive cell
      line abnormal in centriole separation and chromosome movement.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive Syrian hamster mutant cell line, ts-745, exhibiting novel
      mitotic events has been isolated. The cells show normal growth and mitosis at 33
      degrees C, the permissive temperature. At the nonpermissive temperature of 39
      degrees C, mitotic progression becomes aberrant. Metaphase cells and those cells
      still able to form a metaphase configuration continue through and complete normal
      cell division. However, cells exposed to 39 degrees C for longer than 15 min can
      not form a normal metaphase spindle. Instead, the chromosomes are distributed in
      a spherical shell, with microtubules (MT) radiating to the chromosomes from four
      closely associated centrioles near the center of the cell. The cells progress
      from the spherical monopolar state to other monopolar orientations conical in
      appearance with four centrioles in the apex region. Organized chromosome movement
      is present, from the spherical shell state to the asymmetrical orientations.
      Chromosomes remain in the metaphase configuration without chromatid separation.
      Prometaphase chromosome congression appears normal, as the chromosomes and MT
      form a stable monopolar spindle, but bipolar spindle formation is apparently
      blocked in a premetaphase state. When returned from 39 degrees to 33 degrees C,
      the defective phenotype is readily reversible. At 39 degrees C, the mitotic
      abnormality lasts 3-5 h, followed by reformation of a single nucleus and cell
      flattening in an interphase-like state. Subsequent cell cycle events appear to
      occur, as the cells duplicate chromosomes and initiate a second round of abnormal
      mitosis. Cell cycle traversion continues for at least 5 d in some cells despite
      abnormal mitosis resulting in cells accumulating several hundred chromosomes.

PMID- 6826653
TI  - Reconstitution of ciliary membranes containing tubulin.
AB  - Membranes from the gill cilia of the mollusc Aequipecten irradians may be
      solubilized readily with Nonidet P-40. When the detergent is removed from the
      solution by adsorption to polystyrene beads, the proteins of the extract remain
      soluble. However, when the solution is frozen and thawed, nearly all of the
      proteins reassociate to form membrane vesicles, recruiting lipids from the
      medium. The membranes equilibrate as a narrow band (d = 1.167 g/cm3) upon sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. The lipid composition of reconstituted membranes
      (1:2 cholesterol:phospholipids) closely resembles that of the original extract,
      as does the protein content (45%). Ciliary calmodulin is the major extract
      protein that does not associate with the reconstituted membrane, even in the
      presence of 1 mM calcium ions, suggesting that it is a soluble matrix component.
      The major protein of reconstituted vesicles is membrane tubulin, shown previously
      to differ hydrophobically from axonemal tubulin. The tubulin is tightly
      associated with the membrane since extraction with 1 mM iodide or thiocyanate
      leaves a vesicle fraction whose protein composition and bouyant density are
      unchanged. Subjecting the detergent-free membrane extract to a freeze-thaw cycle
      in the presence of elasmobranch brain tubulin or forming membranes by warming the
      extract in the presence of polymerization-competent tubulin yields a membrane
      fraction with little incorporated brain tubulin. This suggests that ciliary
      membrane tubulin specifically associates with lipids, whereas brain tubulin
      preferentially forms microtubules.

PMID- 6826654
TI  - Architecture of metaphase chromosomes and chromosome scaffolds.
AB  - We have developed procedures for depositing intact mitotic chromosomes and
      isolated residual scaffolds on electron microscope grids at controlled and
      reproducible levels of compaction. The chromosomes were isolated using a recently
      developed aqueous method. Our study has addressed two different aspects of
      chromosome structure. First, we present a method for improved visualization of
      radial chromatin loops in undisrupted mitotic chromosomes. Second, we have
      visualized a nonhistone protein residual scaffold isolated from nuclease-digested
      chromosomes under conditions of low salt protein extraction. These scaffolds,
      which have an extremely simple protein composition, are the size of chromosomes,
      are fibrous in nature, and are found to retain differentiated regions that appear
      to derive from the kinetochores and the chromatid axis. When our standard
      preparation conditions were used, the scaffold appearance was found to be very
      reproducible. If the ionic conditions were varied, however, the scaffold
      appearance underwent dramatic changes. In the presence of millimolar
      concentrations of Mg++ or high concentrations of NaCl, the fibrous scaffold
      protein network was observed to undergo a lateral aggregation or assembly into a
      coarse meshlike structure. The alteration of scaffold structure was apparently
      reversible. This observation is consistent with a model in which the scaffolding
      network plays a dynamic role in chromosome condensation at mitosis.

PMID- 6826655
TI  - Influence of physical exercise after long-lasting hypodynamia on the
      morphological parameters of muscle fibers.
AB  - The purpose of this research was morphometric ultrastructure evaluation of the
      fibers in muscles taking part in the flight of pigeons forced to exercise after a
      long period of hypodynamia. It was found that following physical exercise, after
      12 and 18 months of mobility limitation, there appeared marked qualitative and
      quantitative changes: a diminution of the volume fraction and number of
      mitochondria, increase of smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasm, and a
      significant decrease of the number of glycogen granules as compared with those
      after 18 months hypodynamia. The above described changes were more pronounced in
      the supracoracoideus than in the pectoralis muscle.

PMID- 6826656
TI  - Intracellular pH and the cell cycle of mitogen-stimulated murine lymphocytes.
AB  - Rapidly proliferating, polyclonally stimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes were
      separated by density-gradient unit-gravity sedimentation. The following
      measurements were made on each fraction: the average intracellular water volume,
      the distribution of DNA content by flow microfluorometry, the rate of 3H
      thymidine incorporation, and the intracellular pH. Fractions of cells with a
      small average intracellular volume were predominantly in G0 or G1 phase of the
      cell cycle, while fractions of larger cells had higher proportions of cells in S
      or G2. Multiple regression analysis of the data for both T and B lymphocytes
      indicated that the intracellular pH of cells in G0, G1, or G2 is around pH 7.2,
      and that the intracellular pH of cells in S phase of the cell cycle is around pH
      7.4.

PMID- 6826657
TI  - Putrescine dependent growth of mycoplasma infected mammalian cells.
AB  - The aliphatic diamine putrescine, a metabolic precursor of the polyamines
      spermidine and spermine, markedly stimulated the growth of a murine
      lymphoblastoid cell line (R 1.1) infected with Mycoplasma orale, under conditions
      of arginine limitation. The diamine acted by suppressing the growth of the
      mycoplasma, which use arginine as a major energy source, and thereby prevented
      the depletion of arginine from the medium. The antimycoplasmal effects of
      putrescine occurred at concentrations that were neither stimulatory nor toxic to
      uninfected cells.

PMID- 6826658
TI  - Hereditary orotic aciduria, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and xeroderma pigmentosum
      probed by herpes simplex virus: 125I-iododeoxycytidine incorporation as an assay
      for viral growth.

PMID- 6826659
TI  - Rat serum albumin synthesis in variant rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - Variant subclones of the rat hepatoma cell line FU5-5 have been isolated that are
      altered in their production of rat serum albumin. Three of these variants,
      isolated in a random screening, have been categorized as high, intermediate, and
      low producers. They secrete albumin into the culture medium at different rates:
      16, 1.7, and 0.3 microgram/mg cell protein/48 h. A fourth variant, isolated on
      the basis of altered morphology, secretes no detectable albumin. Unlike the
      albumin-producing variants, this null variant is also deficient in the level and
      inducibility of tyrosine aminotransferase activity. Albumin biosynthesis as
      determined in pulse-labeling experiments is affected similarly in the four
      variants, yielding albumin synthetic rates of 0.24, 0.035, 0.006, and less than
      0.002% of total protein synthesis. The translatable albumin messenger RNA content
      in these variants was measured using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The
      null variant contains no detectable mRNA, and the three quantitative variants
      contain levels of translatable albumin messenger RNA corresponding to 0.07, 0.03,
      and 0.005% of total stimulated polypeptide synthesis. The highest producing
      variant contains less translatable albumin mRNA than expected on the basis of
      cellular biosynthetic measurements, suggesting a translation efficiency
      difference in this clone. Cell hybrids constructed by fusing the high-producing
      clone and the null variant produce little or no albumin. This extinction
      indicates that the null variant contains a diffusible regulatory factor capable
      of decreasing albumin gene expression. The relatively stable and discrete
      heritable phenotypic changes exhibited by these clones may serve as a model for
      similar changes that occur during hepatic differentiation.

PMID- 6826660
TI  - DNA synthesis and cell division related to adipose differentiation of 3T3 cells.
AB  - Adipose differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells in surface cultures depends on
      adipogenic factor present in the culture medium. We found that after stimulation
      with adipogenic serum, 3T3-F442A cell underwent a burst of DNA synthesis before
      adipose conversion was manifested by an augmented lipogenic enzyme activity. In
      differentiating cells, DNA synthesis, judged by a 100-fold higher rate of
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into TCA-insoluble material, was followed by a 100
      fold increase in the activity of glycerophosphate acyltransferase. Cytosine
      arabinoside, added to the cultures at a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml, exerted
      95% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation and also inhibited adipose
      conversion. The burst of DNA synthesis correlated with a 2.5-fold increase in the
      amount of DNA and in the number of cells in the culture. The DNA content was the
      same in differentiated and nondifferentiated cells. We conclude that after the
      interaction with the adipogenic factor, the cells go through DNA synthesis and
      cell division essential for adipose conversion.

PMID- 6826661
TI  - Age dependent production of a competence factor by human fibroblasts.

PMID- 6826662
TI  - Specific protein production during melanogenesis in B16/C3 melanoma cells.
AB  - The mouse melanoma cell line B16/C3 offers an excellent in vitro model for
      studying melanocyte differentiation. Melanogenesis can be induced by serum, a
      hormone-supplemented serum-free medium, melanocyte stimulating hormone, and
      dibutyryl cAMP. The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, 5
      bromodeoxyuridine, and acidic pH inhibit this process. Using two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have identified four cellular proteins
      whose production is modulated during melanogenesis, a process which includes
      concomitant increases in levels of tyrosinase, the rate limiting enzyme for
      melanin biosynthesis, melanization, and ultimately, cell death. The production of
      these proteins are coordinately expressed or inhibited in response to the diverse
      inducers and inhibitors of melanogenesis. We conclude from these studies that
      these specific proteins are intimately involved in the differentiation of B16/C3
      melanoma cells.

PMID- 6826663
TI  - Mitogenic proteins of the 3T3 plasma membrane.
AB  - A mitogenic factor from 3T3 plasma membranes has been identified and partially
      characterized. The factor appears to be a peripheral membrane protein that can be
      released by mild trypsin, chymotrypsin, or plasmin treatment. This component is
      sensitive to heat and acid, and has a molecular weight in the range of 150,000
      200,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration. A similar mitogenic activity has
      also been found on the membranes of both SV-40-transformed 3T3 cells and human
      fibroblasts. The factor appears to be distinct from all previously described
      mitogenic components.

PMID- 6826664
TI  - Altered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in CHO cell mutants.
AB  - The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutants Gln-2, His-1,
      and Lys-101 were analyzed for alterations in respective particulate enzyme forms.
      The mutant Gln-2 showed a preferential loss of the lower molecular weight enzyme
      form for glutamine. His-1 showed alterations of the enzyme complexes for several
      other aminoacyl-tRNA activities but only decreased activity for itself. The
      mutant Lys-101 only showed an altered Lysyl-tRNA synthetase. These results
      provide evidence for a model of the intracellular role of the aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetase complexes wherein the high molecular weight forms utilize amino acids
      directly from the extracellular pool while the low molecular weight forms utilize
      intracellular pools.

PMID- 6826665
TI  - Dexamethasone can modulate glucose-regulated and heat shock protein synthesis.

PMID- 6826666
TI  - Analysis of myogenesis by somatic cell hybridization. II. Retention of myogenic
      competence and suppression of transformed properties in hybrids between
      differentiation competent and incompetent rat L6 myoblasts.
AB  - This study describes the characteristics of hybrids between two closely related
      rat myoblast lines, which differ both in the ability to express their program of
      differentiation and in the expression of neoplastic properties. Myogenic,
      nonneoplastic L6J1-S cells were hybridized with nonmyogenic, neoplastic L6J1-N1
      cells. Six hybrid clones were isolated and expanded for analysis of myogenic
      competence, and four of these clones were also evaluated for parameters of
      transformation, including tumorigenicity, ability to clone in agar, and surface
      fibronectin. In addition to our analysis of isolated clones, we also assessed
      myogenic differentiation in colonies representing 226 early hybrid clones.
      Results of all these analyses demonstrate that the myogenic phenotype is retained
      and that the tumorigenic/transformed phenotype is suppressed in the hybrids.
      Furthermore, our results indicate that when the programs for myogenesis and
      neoplastic transformation are confronted within a single cell, they are expressed
      as mutually exclusive alternatives. In contrast to these results on myogenic X
      nonmyogenic L6 hybrids, it has been reported that isolated clones of A9 X L6
      exhibited extinction of myogenic competence and retention of transformed
      properties. We have evaluated myotube formation in over 300 early hybrid clones
      between A9 and either diploid or subtetraploid L8 rat myoblasts. Our results
      demonstrate that all of these hybrid clones exhibit extinction regardless of the
      ploidy of the myoblast parent, and they further indicate that extinction is not a
      consequence of chromosome loss. These results support the conclusion that in A9 X
      L6 hybrids, the nonmyogenic, transformed phenotype is dominant.

PMID- 6826668
TI  - Rules and reciprocity in behavioural development: implications for
      rehabilitation.
AB  - This article considers the potential value of two bodies of thought arising from
      work on animals in connection with rehabilitating abnormal behaviour. One deals
      with the processes of catch-up and self-regulation, and the other with optimal
      periods of learning in development. The ideas about self-regulation are important
      because an individual with abnormal behaviour at one stage in development may
      cease to be abnormal of its own accord. The sensitive period concept in
      development has often been seen as being opposed to that of possible adult
      rehabilitation. Much of the animal evidence suggests that the opposition is
      false.

PMID- 6826667
TI  - Motor development of deaf children.
AB  - Comparisons between a group of deaf children and normal-hearing controls on an
      extensive test-battery revealed that the former group was clearly inferior both
      in general dynamic coordination and visual-motor coordination. An experimental
      study, focusing on speed of motor performance, confirmed the general impression
      that deaf children are relatively slow performers. In particular, the execution
      of movements is slower in deaf children: the processes involved in this
      difference require further experimental research.

PMID- 6826669
TI  - Mother-infant interaction.

PMID- 6826670
TI  - Biological basis of social interactions: implications of research for an
      understanding of behavioural deviance.
AB  - Among the infant's initial risks, interactional failures have recently been
      identified as potential links of vicious circles leading from inconspicuous
      deviance to severe clinical syndromes. The knowledge of the origins of
      interactional failure has been insufficient. In this paper a basic explanatory
      model is presented and two major determinants of successful parent-infant
      interactions are analysed: the infant's integrative competence and the initial
      forms of parenting. Particular attention is paid to pre-term infants and the
      biological roots of parenting.

PMID- 6826671
TI  - The development of early non-verbal communication: an evaluation of its meaning.
AB  - Communication and social preadaptation have interpretative problems in early
      interaction. Both have strong teleological commitment and are not therefore
      wholly appropriate. The mother-infant system gradually achieves the hallmark of
      true teleology largely because the mother acts as if the newborn's foetal-like
      behaviour had communicative significance. Viewing newborn behaviour as such is
      compatible with the biological principle of preadaptation which avoids vague
      assumptions about early behaviour being socially 'prewired'. It is recommended
      that the mother be given an observer's role as it may lead to a useful
      methodology for understanding early communication. Studying deviancy in early
      relationships is also considered.

PMID- 6826672
TI  - Mother-infant dialogue in the first days of life: an observational study during
      breast-feeding.
AB  - The temporal organization of the behaviour of children at risk can exhibit
      inconsistencies which may impair their adaptation. Seven mother-newborn pairs,
      selected for neurological and obstetric optimality of the babies, were observed
      during 2 breast-feedings (2nd after birth and 6th to 9th after birth). During
      pauses between sucking bouts the behaviours of the two partners were strongly
      coupled, even in the earlier feedings, which was not the case during sucking
      bouts themselves. Pauses which contained tactile behaviour were shorter in later
      feedings than in earlier ones, in contrast to both pauses without tactile
      behaviour and to bouts. The possible functional relevance of emerging temporal
      relations between partners' behaviours during breast-feeding is discussed.

PMID- 6826673
TI  - The information processing paradigm: concepts, methods and limitations.
AB  - Some characteristics of the information processing paradigm are discussed.
      Characteristics of fast process research are particularly emphasized. Fast
      process research deals with elementary information processes, called 'mechanics'.
      The processes cannot be revealed by introspective methods, but only by
      chronometric studies. Attentional research has revealed automatic and controlled
      mechanics. Only the latter require attention resources for their execution. The
      functional state of the brain is thought to affect in particular the efficiency
      of controlled mechanics Methods used in fast process research and cognitive
      psychophysiology could be helpful in deciding if behavioural disturbances result
      from limitations in the nature of the mechanics or in their efficiency.

PMID- 6826674
TI  - Perception and cognition.

PMID- 6826675
TI  - Peripheral and central handicap and encoding.
AB  - A linear model of information processing led to many experiments on learning
      difficulties in the subnormal and severely subnormal. It assumes learning can
      result from a break in the chain of information flow at any point but overlooks
      compensatory mechanisms common to a developing organism. To compensate for the
      model's difficulties, we compared blind and deaf children with subnormal and
      subnormal autistic children (i.e. localized with general cognitive incapacities).
      Absence of a modality led to alternative encoding strategies, but in certain
      circumstances they also occurred in the centrally handicapped. Reasons for the
      similarities and differences are discussed.

PMID- 6826676
TI  - A stages-of-information approach to hyperactivity.
AB  - In a memory search task with context recognition, three groups of children were
      examined: hyperactives, somewhat hyperactives and controls. It was found that the
      hyperactive groups differed from controls at the intercept of reaction time and
      not the slope. This was interpreted as evidence against a selective attention
      hypothesis in hyperactivity and evidence of either an 'encoding' or a response
      organization deficit. The unexpected slower and less accurate performance of
      somewhat hyperactives than those rated as hyperactives may have been due to the
      higher rating of variable task application in the former than in the latter.

PMID- 6826677
TI  - Motor behaviour.

PMID- 6826678
TI  - Visually guided hand movements in children with minor neurological dysfunction:
      response time and movement organization.
AB  - Many children with signs of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) are unable to
      adapt precisely their movements to external goals, in particular when they are
      under time pressure. Pilot studies in our laboratories suggested that response
      times in various sorts of tapping tasks were longer in such children than in
      controls with an optimal neurological status. In the present study an
      experimental tapping task, presented in 'self-paced mode', is applied to explore
      further the relationships between response time and spatio-temporal organization
      of movements in children with MND as compared to optimal controls. Differences
      were found with respect to inter-response intervals as well as to the
      organization of the movements; children with MND have longer overall response
      times than controls, more movement elements per tap and shorter first movement
      elements. Further, the moment of maximal acceleration comes later in the children
      with MND than in the controls. Such differences in response time and movement
      organization may be due to information processing limitations and increased
      attentional demands for the execution of movements in MND children.

PMID- 6826679
TI  - General introduction: a biopsychological approach to the study of human
      behaviour.

PMID- 6826680
TI  - Development of a simultaneous gas chromatographic method for the analysis of
      copper, nickel and vanadium at the ultra-trace level.
AB  - The development of a sensitive gas chromatographic method for simultaneously
      determining trace amounts of copper, nickel and vanadium in biological materials
      is described. The reagent is the fluorinated Schiff base 1,1,1,1',1',1'
      hexafluoro-4,4'-(1-methylethane-1,2-diyldiimino)bis (pent-3-en-2-one), which is
      readily prepared in its isomerically pure form. Suitable column components are
      identified and the stability of chelates and optimum chromatographic conditions
      are discussed. Detection limits are about 5 pg for each of these elements. Some
      preliminary analytical results are also presented.

PMID- 6826681
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of cholesteryl esters on non-polar and polar capillary
      columns following on-column injection.
AB  - Capillary gas chromatography of cholesteryl esters following on-column injection
      was investigated in fused silica columns coated with a non-polar "bonded" liquid
      phase (DB-1) or a polar liquid phase (SP2330). The 15-m DB-1 column (0.3 mm I.D.)
      completely resolved the esters on the basis of carbon number, and further
      partially separated the saturated esters from unsaturated esters. The polar
      column system consisted of a 10-m SP2330 column (0.25 mm I.D.) butt-connected to
      a 60-cm empty deactivated wide-bore (0.3 mm I.D.) capillary column into which the
      sample was injected. This system completely separated the cholesteryl esters
      according to degree of unsaturation. The lower limits of sensitivity of the
      columns were about ten-fold lower than that previous obtainable with splitless
      injection. The lower limits for the DB-1 and SP2330 columns were about 500 and
      1500 pg respectively. Thus these columns can be used for the analysis of
      cholesteryl esters from the smallest of biological or cell culture samples.

PMID- 6826682
TI  - Gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulphate of hydrophobic muscle proteins on
      Sephacryl S-400 Superfine.
AB  - Gel filtration has been applied to muscle proteins in the presence of the
      detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). This detergent not only solubilizes a
      variety of proteins but also increases their hydrodynamic volumes, which is a
      disadvantage for the process of gel filtration. Nevertheless, appropriate choice
      of gel type, in this case Sephacryl S-400 Superfine, and optimal elution
      conditions make SDS gel filtration a useful tool in the separation of
      heterogeneous protein mixtures in the molecular weight range of 20,000-200,000.

PMID- 6826683
TI  - Sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay for norepinephrine, epinephrine and
      dopamine based on the thin-layer chromatographic separation of their Dns-O-methyl
      derivatives.
AB  - A radioenzymatic assay is described in which norepinephrine, epinephrine and
      dopamine are converted to their tritiated 3-O-methyl derivatives by reaction with
      S-[methyl-3H]adenosyl-L-methionine in the presence of catechol-O
      methyltransferase. The methylated compounds are then reacted with Dns chloride,
      and the Dns derivatives are extracted into ethyl acetate, isolated by thin-layer
      chromatography and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The assay
      displays a high degree of specificity for each compound, due in large part to the
      chromatographic properties of the Dns derivatives. It is capable of measuring 2
      pg of each catecholamine, and is linear to at least 5 ng. Approximately 50
      samples can be assayed in 1.5 days.

PMID- 6826685
TI  - Determination of taurine in foods and feeds using an amino acid analyser.

PMID- 6826684
TI  - Heterogeneity of human pituitary neurophysins by ampholyte displacement
      chromatography.

PMID- 6826686
TI  - Prostaglandins and thromboxane: tert.-butyldimethylsilyl ethers as derivatives
      for their analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion
      monitoring.
AB  - tert.-Butyldimethylsilyl ethers of eighteen prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane
      have been analyzed by combined packed-column or fused-silica capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Except for thromboxane B2 and PGs of
      the 3 series the [M - 57] ion, the loss from the molecular ion of the tert.-butyl
      radical, is generally the major peak in the spectra of PGs. This high abundance
      of large fragments provides suitable criteria for the employment of these
      derivatives in GC-MS selected ion monitoring for rapid quantity estimation of PGs
      from biological samples. PGs from rat stomach fundus were rapidly quantitated in
      a single chromatogram using this procedure.

PMID- 6826687
TI  - Are medical ethics necessary?

PMID- 6826688
TI  - Dietary variability and its impact on nutritional epidemiology.
AB  - Dietary intakes are subject to measurement errors and to day-to-day variation,
      which have contributed to obscuring the suspected relation between dietary lipids
      and ischemic heart disease. The effect of measurement error on the correlation
      between dietary intakes and serum cholesterol levels has been studied by others.
      In this paper we study the effects of errors on the categorization of subjects
      according to the quantities of their intakes, and the effects of this
      misclassification on the observed relation between observed dietary intakes and
      disease. Our model is based on a bivariate normal joint distribution of true and
      observed intakes, from which various conditional probabilities can be calculated.
      Tables are given to simplify many of these computations. We conclude that the
      usual period of collection of dietary records, 1 week, is usually adequate. The
      model developed is applicable to any measurement recorded with error, and two
      examples of its application to the classification of subjects as normotensive or
      hypertensive are given. The model does depend on a large number of assumptions,
      some of which are clearly not met. Hence the actual numerical values obtained
      should be treated with some scepticism. If, however, the assumptions are
      approximately met, then the results should be reasonable approximations to the
      truth.

PMID- 6826689
TI  - Early precursors of pancreatic cancer in college men.
AB  - From college data on 50,000 male former students, the records of 126 men who died
      of pancreatic cancer in a 16-50 yr follow-up period were compared with those of
      504 surviving classmates with respect to physical and social characteristics.
      Return mail questionnaires received from 30,000 surviving alumni in 1962 or 1966
      also were reviewed for characteristics that might predict altered risk of
      pancreatic cancer. Strong positive associations were found for cigarette smoking
      as reported both during college (p less than 0.001) and at time of questionnaire
      return (p = 0.03). Smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during college
      corresponded to a relative risk of 2.6 with 95% confidence limits 1.5 to 4.6, and
      a positive smoking history at questionnaire return yielded a relative risk of 2.4
      (1.1-5.1). No association was found for collegiate coffee drinking, either before
      or after adjustment for cigarette smoking. The relative risk for coffee drinking
      adjusted for smoking was 1.1 (0.7-1.8). In contrast, collegiate tea consumption
      was associated with a reduction in pancreatic cancer risk. The relative risk for
      tea drinking adjusted for smoking was 0.5 (0.3-0.9). Men who at college physical
      examination complained of occasional abdominal pain or discomfort had increased
      relative risk of pancreatic cancer (3.1 : 1.1-9.0) in the follow-up period.

PMID- 6826690
TI  - An evaluation of space-time clustering in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A survey in Greater Boston identified 1577 new cases of histologically-confirmed
      Hodgkin's disease (HD) diagnosed from 1959 to 1973. The spatial position of each
      case was taken as the place of residence at diagnosis, and the temporal position
      as the month and year of diagnosis. Sufficient data for analysis were available
      for 1398 cases (89%). Space-time clustering was evaluated by three different
      methods: (a) Knox, (b) David and Barton and (c) Ederer, Myers and Mantel. When
      all HD cases were considered, none of these methods revealed statistically
      significant clustering. When stratification by risk factors was done, each of the
      techniques found significant clustering for various subgroups. Young adult cases
      (age 16-45 yr) tended to cluster more than older cases (age 46-70) and Catholics
      more than Jewish or Protestant cases. Rather than suggesting clustering at the
      time of HD diagnosis, the sporadic and inconsistently positive findings of this
      study may reflect case aggregation at the time of shared etiologic exposures,
      particularly if HD has a long and/or variable latent period.

PMID- 6826691
TI  - Cord blood serum in newborns of diabetic mothers.
AB  - Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol were measured in
      cord bloods from 117 newborns. Group I consisted of 39 infants of diabetic
      mothers and Group II (control) consisted of 78 newborns of non-diabetic mothers.
      The most significant difference in serum lipids between the two groups was the
      higher levels of LDL cholesterol and lower levels of HDL cholesterol in the
      newborns of diabetic mothers. Cord blood serum cholesterol was slightly, but not
      significantly, higher in children born of diabetic mothers. Serum triglycerides
      were also not significantly different between the groups. While it remains to be
      established whether elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of
      HDL cholesterol at birth in these infants represent a transient phenomenon, this
      study suggests that newborns of diabetic mothers may be predisposed early in life
      to LDL hypercholesterolemia and thus may be at a greater risk of developing
      coronary heart disease later in life.

PMID- 6826693
TI  - Characteristics of males with myocardial infarction below age 40.
AB  - All cases of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) diagnosed among men below age 40
      in Goteborg during 1970-1977 have been studied. The cases have been compared with
      a random sample from the general population in Goteborg with respect to socio
      economic factors and conventional risk factors. The MI-cases showed a special
      socio-economic pattern prior to the infarction and were more often single and of
      foreign origin, had more previous sickness benefit days and were more often
      registered for alcohol abuse than contemporaries in the general population.
      Moreover, the surviving MI-cases were found to be heavily burdened with the
      conventional risk factors smoking, cholesterolemia and high blood pressure.

PMID- 6826692
TI  - Prognosis in acute stroke with special reference to some cardiac factors.
AB  - Neurological assessments were done regularly during hospitalization in 283
      consecutive patients (mean age 73 yr) with acute cerebrovascular disease treated
      at the Stroke Unit of Serafimerlasarettet. A preplanned investigation program and
      strict criteria for diagnosis and treatment were followed. Hospital mortality was
      18%. Patients with a major cerebral infarction or haemorrhage often died very
      early during the hospital period and deaths due to complications increased
      significantly during the second week. Multivariate analysis regarding mortality
      showed that a low neurological score and heart failure were the most important
      factors for the short-term prognosis. In those patients with cerebral infarction,
      ambulatory capacity and ECG-diagnosed bundle branch block added significantly to
      the prognostic power of the neurological score. Among the 227 patients discharged
      alive, 1 and 2-yr mortality was 14 and 18% respectively. Here, the most important
      long-term prognostic factors were age and ST changes on the ECG. Again,
      considering only patients with cerebral infarction (N = 190), bundle branch block
      was found to be the single most useful predictive factor. Prognostication in
      acute ischemic stroke should thus be based not only on neurological findings but
      on careful evaluation of associated cardiac disease, especially in the long-term
      perspective.

PMID- 6826694
TI  - Survival from spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6826695
TI  - High proportion of polymeric IgA in young infants' sera and independence between
      IgA-size and IgA-subclass distributions.
AB  - The serum IgA in young infants (6-240 days old) comprised a much larger
      proportion (means = 36%; range, 7.5-72%) of polymeric IgA than in normal adults
      (means = 13%; range, 4.7-22%), but with a normal subclass distribution. In
      contrast, in IgA-deficient adult serum, there was a higher proportion (means =
      34%; range, 16.3-38%) of IgA2 than in normal adult serum (means = 21%; range, 5
      36%), with, however, a normal proportion of polymers. The distribution of IgA
      subclasses in the separated monomeric and polymeric IgA fractions was similar to
      that in unfractionated sera. The proportions of IgA polymers and IgA2 in serum
      are unlinked parameters, suggesting that both do not necessarily represent
      mucosal contributions to blood IgA.

PMID- 6826698
TI  - Coinfections of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila with influenza A
      virus.
AB  - Serum samples from patients with documented influenza A virus infections were
      examined for antibodies to Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae to
      determine whether simultaneous or sequential infections with L. pneumophila and
      M. pneumoniae were complicating factors in influenza. When the frequency of
      copositivity of sera to influenza A virus and L. pneumophila was compared with
      the expected frequency for each infection alone, the difference was not
      statistically significant. However, when the frequency of copositivity of sera to
      influenza A virus and M. pneumoniae was compared with the expected frequency for
      each infection alone, there was a statistically significant (P less than 0.005)
      absence of coincident titers. Seasonal variations and differences in relative age
      frequencies for the two infections may partially explain the absence of
      coinfections. These data also suggest that in patients with either M. pneumoniae
      or influenza A virus infection, some type of protective mechanism which prevents
      coinfections with these organisms is present.

PMID- 6826696
TI  - Thymidine plaque autoradiography of thymidine kinase-positive and thymidine
      kinase-negative herpesviruses.
AB  - Plaques formed by herpes simplex virus (HSV), pseudorabies virus, and varicella
      zoster virus were studied by plaque autoradiography after [14C]thymidine
      labeling. Standard thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) viruses and TK- mutants of HSV
      types 1 and 2 and pseudorabies virus were studied, including cell cultured
      viruses and viruses isolated from animals. Autoradiography was performed with X
      ray film with an exposure time of 5 days. After development of films, TK+ plaques
      showed dark rims due to isotope incorporation, whereas TK- plaques were minimally
      labeled. Plaque autoradiography of stock TK- viruses showed reversion frequencies
      to the TK+ phenotype of less than 10(-3). Autoradiography indicated that TK-
      virus retained the TK- phenotype after replication in vivo. In addition, it was
      shown that TK- HSV could be isolated from mouse trigeminal ganglion tissue after
      corneal inoculation of TK- HSV together with TK+ HSV. The plaque autoradiographic
      procedure was very useful to evaluate proportions of TK+ and TK- virus present in
      TK+-TK- virus mixtures.

PMID- 6826699
TI  - First case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Scytalidium lignicola in a
      human.
AB  - A case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a human, involving the ankle and
      caused by Scytalidium lignicola, is described. The isolate was found to be
      sensitive to amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and ketoconazole in
      vitro.

PMID- 6826697
TI  - Virulence and phenotypic characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated
      from humans in the United States.
AB  - Yersinia enterocolitica was recently reclassified into Yersinia enterocolitica
      sensu stricto and three additional species. With this new classification, it was
      of interest to reexamine pathogenicity previously ascribed to Y. enterocolitica.
      All available clinical isolates of Y. enterocolitica sent to the Centers for
      Disease Control from 1970 through 1980 were selected for characterization and
      comparison. One-hundred such strains had been submitted, from 21 states. Most
      (85%) were biotype 1, and O:8 was the most common of the 24 serotypes
      encountered. All strains were examined by several virulence assays. Two strains
      caused conjunctivitis in guinea pigs, 7 were lethal for mice, 54 invaded HEp2
      cells, 18 produced a heat-stable enterotoxin, 9 were calcium dependent, 20
      autoagglutinated, and 34 had a distinctive colonial morphology at 37 degrees C.
      Ten isolates of each of the new species that had previously been grouped with Y.
      enterocolitica (Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, and Y. frederiksenii) were
      characterized and were generally negative in all assays. This study points out
      pathogenicity differences among Yersinia species, confirms the complex nature of
      virulence in Y. enterocolitica, and confirms that no single current assay
      correlates with virulence in Y. enterocolitica.

PMID- 6826700
TI  - Evaluation of differential and selective media for isolation of Aeromonas and
      Plesiomonas spp. from human feces.
AB  - We studied nine solid and two liquid media for their suitability to select
      Aeromonas and Plesiomonas spp. from human stools, using artificially contaminated
      samples as well as 254 samples from outpatients with and without diarrhea. Media
      with optimal sensitivity and specificity for Aeromonas spp. were alkaline peptone
      water, Trypticase soy broth with ampicillin, inositol-brilliant green-bile salts
      agar, dextrin-fuchsin-sulfite agar, xylose-sodium desoxycholate-citrate agar, and
      Pril-xylose-ampicillin agar. For Plesiomonas sp., alkaline peptone-water and
      inositol-brilliant green-bile salts agar were optimal. Four strains of Aeromonas
      spp. were detected in patient samples with these media.

PMID- 6826701
TI  - Intestinal parasites in a remote village in Nepal.
AB  - Stool samples for parasitological examination were collected in a remote area of
      western Nepal. Of 40 specimens collected, 36 were positive for parasites as
      determined by examination of direct wet mounts and trichrome smears. All but one
      of the positive specimens contained several parasite species, averaging four
      species per specimen. Four negative specimens were found in infants under 1 year
      of age. The parasitic burden in this population appeared to be high, and the
      prevalence of parasitic infection approached 100%.

PMID- 6826702
TI  - Human Edwardsiellosis traced to ornamental fish.
AB  - Protracted diarrhea in a 2-month-old Belgian infant was associated with
      Edwardsiella tarda as the only potential pathogen. The same organism was isolated
      from a tropical aquarium fish in the home of the patient. The enteropathogenic
      role of E. tarda and the role of fish as a reservoir of infection are reviewed.
      Additional observations, volunteer studies, and careful prospective surveys in
      tropical countries will be needed to produce firm evidence of the
      enteropathogenic potential of E. tarda.

PMID- 6826703
TI  - Septic arthritis caused by Kingella kingae.
AB  - A normal part of the oral flora, Kingella kingae has seldom been recognized as
      the cause of serious clinical infections. We report a case of documented septic
      arthritis caused by K. kingae in an otherwise healthy infant. We suggest that it
      may be more common than thought based on the general unfamiliarity with this
      organism and the fact that several dozen clinical isolates have been identified
      by reference laboratories.

PMID- 6826704
TI  - Micronitrous acid extraction-coagglutination test for rapid diagnosis of
      streptococcal pharyngitis.
AB  - A micronitrous acid extraction-coagglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of
      streptococcal pharyngitis was examined in a busy pediatric clinic and found to be
      a simple, rapid, and inexpensive procedure with a sensitivity of 78% and a
      specificity of 98% when compared with blood agar culturing.

PMID- 6826705
TI  - Bacteriophage types of Salmonella typhi in the United States from 1974 through
      1981.
AB  - From 1974 through 1981, 4,089 isolates of Salmonella typhi were phage typed at
      the Centers for Disease Control and nine regional laboratories in the United
      States. The most prevalent types were degraded Vi (27%), E1 (20.6%), A (9.8%), C1
      (5.7%), untypable Vi (3.5%), W form (3.5%), D1 (3.4%), B3 (3.4%), and F1 (2.4%).
      There were less than 2% of each of the remaining types. The distribution of phage
      types for this time period was similar to that seen in the periods 1966-1969 and
      1970-1973, except that phage type B3 was one of the 10 most prevalent types in
      1974-1981 but was not seen in 1966-1973. Phage typing is presently the most
      valuable laboratory tool for differentiation of strains of S. typhi in
      epidemiological studies.

PMID- 6826706
TI  - Single radial hemolysis test for rubella immunity and recent infection.
AB  - The single radial hemolysis (SRH) test was compared with the hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) test for establishing rubella immune status and diagnosing recent
      infection. Correlation between mean SRH diameters and HI titers greater than or
      equal to 1:8 was high (R = 0.99). It is suggested that a level of greater than or
      equal to 5 IU represents low-level antibody and that greater than or equal to 15
      IU is a conservative threshold for designation of immunity. Of 343 sera tested,
      only 1 false-positive was found by SRH with the 5 IU cutoff level. The SRH test
      could detect serum antibody levels as low as 2.5 IU, whereas 15 IU was generally
      the limit of resolution of the HI test. Data from sucrose density gradient
      fractionation of serum demonstrated that neither rubella-specific immunoglobulin
      M (IgM) nor early postinfection HI-reactive IgG was detected by SRH. However,
      diagnostic changes in antibody titer measured by SRH were in general greater than
      those measured by HI. The SRH test showed diagnostic titer changes in some sera
      containing specific IgM for which no such changes were detected by the HI test. A
      2.5-mm difference in hemolytic zone diameters (a fourfold rise in international
      units) between acute- and convalescent-phase serum pairs was chosen as being of
      diagnostic significance. This difference was less than the minimum observed
      difference of 2.9 mm from 59 serum pairs showing diagnostic changes by HI and far
      exceeded (greater than 3.6 standard deviations) the within-test and individual
      variability seen for 95 pregnant women from whom samples were obtained during
      each trimester.

PMID- 6826707
TI  - Microbiology of a major foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Yersinia
      enterocolitica serogroup O:8.
AB  - Gastrointestinal disorders of varying severity were observed in 239 (53%) of 455
      campers and staff members at a coed summer camp in Sullivan County, New York,
      during July 1981. Five of seven hospitalized patients had appendectomies before
      the disease was recognized as yersiniosis. Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:8
      (American strain) was isolated from 37 (54%) of 69 persons examined, including
      the head cook and 3 others of the 11-person kitchen staff. Of 48 food, water, and
      environmental samples collected from the camp area, Y. enterocolitica isolates
      belonging to the same serogroup and biogroup as the human isolates were recovered
      from dissolved powdered milk, a milk dispenser, and turkey chow mein. This
      laboratory finding supported the epidemiological data indicating a correlation
      between consumption of these foods and illness. Y. enterocolitica isolates of the
      same biogroup as the O:8 isolates but belonging to serogroup O:34 were also
      isolated from six campers and two samples of dissolved powdered milk.
      Pathogenicity studies on the Yersinia isolates were performed with three in vitro
      tests (calcium dependency, autoagglutination, and HeLa cell infection) and one in
      vivo test (intraperitoneal challenge of mice). Most of the serogroup O:8 human
      isolates and the chow mein isolate were positive in all four tests. Milk isolates
      of serogroup O:8 were positive in the in vitro tests but were relatively
      avirulent in mice, whereas serogroup O:34 isolates, regardless of source, were
      negative in all four tests.

PMID- 6826708
TI  - Enhanced detection of bacteremia with a new BACTEC resin blood culture medium.
AB  - In this multicenter study, 621 sets of blood culture specimens were drawn from
      280 patients who were suspected of being septic and who were receiving
      antimicrobial therapy. Equal volumes of each specimen were inoculated into BACTEC
      6B and 16B media. The 16B medium contained adsorbent and cationic resins for
      neutralizing the effects of the drugs. Of the 621 sets drawn, there were 72
      positive cultures in 16B and 52 positive cultures in 6B. In 23 cases the organism
      was detected only in the 16B medium, and in 3 cases the organism was detected in
      6B only. The remaining 49 positives were detected in both culture bottles. In 13
      of these 49 cultures, detection in 16B was made between 1 and 5 days earlier than
      in 6B, whereas 3 of 49 specimens were detected 1 day earlier in 6B; the remaining
      33 cultures became positive at approximately the same time in both media. There
      were a total of 43 patients with positive cultures in this study. Of these
      patients, 28 had sepsis detected in both the 16B and 6B media. The 6B medium
      alone detected an additional three cases of sepsis, and the 16B resin medium
      alone identified 12 additional cases. Supplementary culturing of samples from
      patients receiving antimicrobial therapy significantly increased the number of
      positive cultures and positive patients, as well as significantly shortening the
      time to positivity in these cultures.

PMID- 6826709
TI  - Rapid latex agglutination test for rubella antibody.
AB  - The latex agglutination card test (Rubascan) for the detection of rubella
      antibody was compared with the standard hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay tests. There was complete agreement with sera which
      had hemagglutination inhibition titers of >/=16. Sera with low levels of antibody
      which were positive in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, however, gave
      negative latex agglutination results approximately 25% of the time (false
      negatives), whereas sera which were negative in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay gave false-positive results in about 3% of the cases. The use of capillary
      "finger stick" plasma instead of venous sera resulted in additional false
      negative latex agglutination tests among patients with very low antibody titers.
      Because of the simplicity of the method, it should be possible to use this test
      in physicians' offices and in large immunization campaigns. Care should be taken
      to become completely familiar with the procedures and reading of the
      agglutination patterns. Control sera should always be used. Interpretation of
      results should take into consideration the rates of false-negative and false
      positive results noted above. These rates apply to sera with little or no
      antibody. In particular, negative tests should be confirmed with more specific
      methods in critical cases, such as pregnant women exposed to rubella or women of
      childbearing age who are being considered for immunization. There was no problem
      with the latex agglutination findings for sera with higher titers. Since results
      are available in 8 min, physicians should be able to counsel their patients
      rapidly and immunize, if necessary, while the patient is still present.

PMID- 6826710
TI  - Current trends of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates in the New York City area.
AB  - During an 8.5-year period (1974 to 1982), 56 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates
      from patients residing mainly in the New York City area were studied. Evaluation
      of these isolates revealed a marked increase in bacteremic episodes caused by
      strains of serogroups of O:3 and O:5,27 and the overall emergence of serogroup
      O:3, biotype 4, phage type 9b Y. enterocolitica. Of the serogroup O:3 stool
      isolates, 59% (19/32) were recovered from patients in their first year of life.
      One of these subjects had concurrent serogroup O:3 bacteremia. The apparent
      establishment of serogroup O:3 Y. enterocolitica in urban communities raises the
      potential for widespread outbreaks of disease caused by these strains.

PMID- 6826711
TI  - Growth of host cells and Chlamydia trachomatis in medium containing serum from 16
      week-old calves.
AB  - We compared fetal bovine serum with five batches of serum from calves of various
      ages. HeLa and McCoy cells grown in only one batch of calf serum (from 16-week
      old calves) had morphology, growth kinetics, and cloning efficiency similar to
      those of cells grown in fetal bovine serum. Cells maintained in calf serum from
      this batch supported the growth of two laboratory strains of Chlamydia
      trachomatis, a genital strain (E/UW-5/Cx) in McCoy cells and a lymphogranuloma
      venereum strain (440L) in HeLa cells. McCoy cells maintained in calf serum also
      supported the growth of C. trachomatis from clinical specimens. The batch of
      serum from 16-week-old calves was an effective alternative to fetal bovine serum
      for the growth of cells and of C. trachomatis. Other laboratories may be able to
      use calf serum for the maintenance of cells and for the isolation of Chlamydia
      spp. Before use, however, each batch of calf serum will have to be carefully
      evaluated to ensure that it is equivalent to fetal bovine serum.

PMID- 6826713
TI  - Rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae from
      blood cultures.
AB  - Simultaneous application of the lysostaphin sensitivity test for identification
      of Staphylococcus aureus and the deoxycholate test for the identification of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated for reliability in rapid identification (1
      h) of these organisms from blood cultures by using BACTEC 6B and 7C bottles. The
      procedure was applied to 127 cultures, 74 lysostaphin tests and 53 deoxycholate
      tests. Lysostaphin-tested organisms included 23 S. aureus, 40 Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, 1 Listeria sp., 1 Peptococcus sp., 2 Micrococcus sp., 2
      diphtheroids, and 5 mixed cultures. Deoxycholate-tested organisms included 14 S.
      pneumoniae, 32 Streptococcus spp. (not S. pneumoniae), 1 Listeria sp., 1
      Peptococcus sp., 2 diphtheroids, and 3 mixed cultures. Analysis of the data
      revealed positive and negative predictive values of 95.8 and 94%, respectively,
      for the lysostaphin test and 100 and 97.4%, respectively, for the deoxycholate
      test. The combined tests provide rapid reliable identification or elimination of
      S. aureus and S. pneumoniae in blood cultures.

PMID- 6826712
TI  - Characteristics of pathogenic Neisseria spp. isolated from homosexual men.
AB  - Oropharyngeal, urethral, and rectal cultures for pathogenic Neisseria spp. were
      collected from 815 homosexual men attending a community clinic in Chicago.
      Meningococci were characterized by serogrouping and antimicrobial susceptibility
      testing. Gonococci were auxotyped, and susceptibilities to penicillin and
      tetracycline were determined. Of the 815 men tested, 42.5% carried meningococci
      in the oropharynx. Gonococci were recovered from the urethra, rectum, and
      oropharynx of 18.5, 16.3, and 5.6%, respectively. Meningococci were also
      recovered from the urethra (6 patients) and the rectum (15 patients). Some of
      these isolates were identical to the isolates from the oropharynges of the same
      patients, whereas others were distinct from the oropharyngeal isolates by
      serogroup or antimicrobial susceptibilities. Serogroups B, W135, and C comprised
      over 90% of the meningococci. Almost 80% of the gonococcal strains required
      minimal inhibitory concentrations greater than 0.06 micrograms of penicillin per
      ml, whereas greater than 90% of the meningococci were inhibited at this
      concentration. Auxotyping demonstrated three major auxotypes: Zero (required none
      of the nutrients tested), 60%; arginine requiring, 19.4%; and proline requiring,
      12.3%. Only four strains (1.2%) required arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil.

PMID- 6826714
TI  - Bactericidal versus bacteriostatic antibiotic therapy of experimental
      pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits.
AB  - A rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis was used to examine the importance of
      bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents in the therapy of meningitis
      112 animals were infected with one of two strains of type III Streptococcus
      pneumoniae. Both strains were exquisitely sensitive to ampicillin, minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)<0.125
      mug/ml. The activity of chloramphenicol against the two strains varied: strain(1)
      MIC 2 mug/ml, MBC 16 mug/ml; strain(2)-MIC 1 mug/ml, MBC 2 mug/ml. Animals were
      treated with either ampicillin or chloramphenicol in dosages that achieved a peak
      bactericidal effect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for ampicillin against both
      strains. Two different dosages were used for chloramphenicol. The first dosage
      achieved a peak CSF concentration of 4.4+/-1.1 mug/ml that produced a
      bacteriostatic effect against strain(1) and bactericidal effect against
      strain(2). The second dosage achieved a bactericidal effect against both strains
      (mean peak CSF concentration 30.0 mug/ml). All animals were treated
      intramuscularly three times a day for 5 d. CSF was sampled daily and 3 d after
      discontinuation of therapy for quantitative bacterial cultures. Results
      demonstrate that only antimicrobial therapy that achieved a bactericidal effect
      in CSF was associated with cure. Over 90% of animals treated with one of the
      bactericidal regimens (i.e., animals in which the bacterial counts in CSF dropped
      >5 log(10) colony-forming units [cfu]/ ml after 48 h) had sterile CSF after 5 d
      of treatment. On the other hand, the regimen that achieved bacteriostatic
      concentrations (CSF drug concentrations between the MIC and MBC) produced a drop
      of 2.4 log(10) cfu/ml by 48 h; however, none of the animals that survived had
      sterile CSF after 5 d. These studies clearly demonstrate in a strictly controlled
      manner that maximally effective antimicrobial therapy of experimental
      pneumococcal meningitis depends on achieving a bactericidal effect in CSF.

PMID- 6826715
TI  - Hepatic lipid peroxidation in vivo in rats with chronic iron overload.
AB  - Peroxidative decomposition of cellular membrane lipids is a postulated mechanism
      of hepatocellular injury in parenchymal iron overload. In the present study, we
      looked for direct evidence of lipid peroxidation in vivo (as measured by lipid
      conjugated diene formation in hepatic organelle membranes) from rats with
      experimental chronic iron overload. Both parenteral ferric nitrilotriacetate
      (FeNTA) administration and dietary supplementation with carbonyl iron were used
      to produce chronic iron overload. Biochemical and histologic evaluation of liver
      tissue confirmed moderate increases in hepatic storage iron. FeNTA administration
      produced excessive iron deposition throughout the hepatic lobule in both
      hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, whereas dietary carbonyl iron supplementation
      produced greater hepatic iron overload in a periportal distribution with iron
      deposition predominantly in hepatocytes. Evidence for mitochondrial lipid
      peroxidation in vivo was demonstrated at all three mean hepatic iron
      concentrations studied (1,197, 3,231, and 4,216 micrograms Fe/g) in both models
      of experimental chronic iron overload. In contrast, increased conjugated diene
      formation was detected in microsomal lipids only at the higher liver iron
      concentration (4,161 micrograms Fe/g) achieved by dietary carbonyl iron
      supplementation. When iron as either FeNTA or ferritin was added in vitro to
      normal liver homogenates before lipid extraction, no conjugated diene formation
      was observed. We conclude that the presence of conjugated dienes in the
      subcellular fractions of rat liver provide direct evidence of iron-induced
      hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation in vivo in two models of
      experimental chronic iron overload.

PMID- 6826716
TI  - Intrinsic factor-mediated absorption of cobalamin by guinea pig ileal cells.
AB  - To investigate the fate of intrinsic factor and cobalamin during cobalamin
      absorption, we incubated enterocytes isolated from guinea pig ileum for periods
      of up to 30 min with (57)Co-labeled cyano-cobalamin bound either to human
      intrinsic factor or to rabbit intrinsic factor biosynthetically labeled with
      [(35)S]methionine. When the labeled complex was incubated for 30 min with
      isolated ileal cells under conditions that block cellular metabolism, virtually
      all cellular radioactivity could be removed by washing the cell surface with EDTA
      or acid. In contrast, washing removed only half the radioactivity from cells
      incubated at 37 degrees C in O(2). When residual cellular radioactivity was
      extracted and analyzed by gel filtration, 80-94% of both the (35)S and (57)Co
      radioactivity eluted in the same fractions as the original complex. The remaining
      6-20% eluted as free [(57)Co]cobalamin or [(35)S]methionine. To examine events
      occurring after 30 min, we instilled into tied-off ileal loops of intact guinea
      pigs radiolabeled intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex and extracted nondissociable
      radioactivity 2-4.5 h later. The proportion of extracted (57)Co eluting as free
      cobalamin increased to 39-46%, that eluting as intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex
      declined to 22-45%, and 9-34% now eluted as a macromolecule that reacted with
      antitranscobalamin II antibody but not antiintrinsic factor antibody. Extracted
      (35)S radioactivity eluted in several peaks in addition to the intrinsic factor
      peak. These findings suggest that (a) after reversible attachment of intrinsic
      factor-cobalamin complex to its ileal surface receptor, an energy-dependent
      process prevents removal of the complex from the cell surface by EDTA or acid;
      (b) cobalamin dissociates from intrinsic factor and, as suggested by previous
      workers, binds to a molecule antigenically similar to transcobalamin II; and (c)
      intrinsic factor is slowly degraded and forms breakdown products that are
      detectable in ileal extracts.

PMID- 6826717
TI  - Cholesterol net transport, esterification, and transfer in human hyperlipidemic
      plasma.
AB  - Cholesterol esterification, cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins, and
      cholesterol transport between lipoproteins and cultured cells have been measured
      in the plasma of 22 patients with primary hyperlipidemia and 10 normolipidemic
      subjects. In hyperbetalipoproteinemia, increase in plasma low density lipoprotein
      levels was associated with a reduction of cholesteryl ester transfer rates, and
      with a reversal of the normal direction of sterol transport between fibroblasts
      and their plasma culture medium. Instead of net transport from cells to medium
      there was a net uptake of sterol from plasma by the cells, despite a level of
      plasma lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase activity that was within the normal
      range. In dysbetalipoproteinemia, esterification rates were increased above
      normal levels, but cholesteryl ester transfer was reduced and the direction of
      sterol transport between the cells and plasma medium was reversed, as in the
      hyperbetalipoproteinemic group. In hypertriglyceridemia, those subjects with
      cardiovascular disease showed a metabolic pattern similar to the
      hyperbetalipoproteinemic group. The subjects in this group without symptoms of
      cardiovascular disease showed a normal direction of sterol transport, normal or
      raised rates of cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins, and an increased
      rate of sterol esterification in plasma that decreased towards normal levels as
      plasma triglyceride levels decreased. Despite their quite distinct metabolic
      patterns there was no consistent difference between the two hypertriglyceridemic
      groups in triglyceride or cholesterol levels, very low density lipoprotein
      composition, or electrophoretic or isoelectric focussing patterns. All
      hypertriglyceridemic subjects with documented cardiovascular disease showed
      reversed cell-plasma sterol transport and all subjects without such disease
      showed a normal direction of cell-plasma sterol transport. The results of this
      study indicate major and reproducible abnormalities in plasma cholesterol
      metabolism in several groups of subjects with genetically distinct
      hyperlipidemias, who are at risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease. The
      possible predictive value of sterol metabolic measurements in the analysis of
      cardiovascular disease is discussed.

PMID- 6826718
TI  - alpha-Thalassemia caused by an unstable alpha-globin mutant.
AB  - In a previous study, molecular cloning of the alpha-globin genes from a patient
      with nondeletion Hb-H disease (genotype--/alpha alpha) showed that a single
      nucleotide mutation (CTG to CCG) in one of the genes resulted in a leucine to
      proline substitution. This paper describes the approach we used to detect the
      abnormal alpha-globin chain. The chain was identified using a cell-free
      translation system. It turned over rapidly both in vitro and in vivo in the
      patient's reticulocytes. The unusual feature of this unstable alpha-globin is
      that the alpha-globin deficiency causes alpha-thalassemia. Simple heterozygotes
      for this lesion (alpha Pro alpha/alpha alpha) resemble alpha-thalassemia carriers
      and do not exhibit the hemolytic anemia usually associated with unstable
      hemoglobins.

PMID- 6826719
TI  - Electrical charge. Its role in the pathogenesis and prevention of experimental
      membranous nephropathy in the rabbit.
AB  - Intravenous cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA, pI > 9.5) induces membranous
      nephropathy in immunized rabbits. In this study, unimmunized rabbits received
      intravenous injections of cationic (n = 3) or native (n = 3) or native (n = 3)
      BSA, followed by ex vivo isolated left renal perfusions with sheep anti-BSA
      antibody. Capillary wall deposits of IgG and C3 were seen exclusively in the
      group receiving cationic BSA, confirming an in situ pathogenesis for cationic,
      BSA-induced membranous nephropathy, and demonstrating the importance of a
      cationic antigen for its production. We then explored whether membranous
      nephropathy in this model is prevented by the concomitant injection of protamine
      sulfate, a filterable, relatively non-immunogenic polycation. An in vitro study
      demonstrated that protamine sulfate incubated with glomerular basement membrane
      (GBM) decreased the subsequent binding of radiolabeled cationic BSA (P < 0.05).
      In vivo, protamine sulfate was shown to bind to anionic sites in the glomerular
      capillary wall after intravenous injection.Groups of rabbits received 3 wk of
      daily intravenous injections of cationic BSA alone (n = 15) or cationic BSA and
      protamine (n = 18). After 2 wk of injection of cationic BSA alone, typical
      membranous nephropathy developed. Granular deposits of IgG and C3 were present
      along the GBM associated with subepithelial dense deposits, foot process
      effacement, and marked albuminuria. Protamine significantly reduced or prevented
      the formation of deposits (P < 0.001) and in6 of 18 protamine-treated animals,
      existing deposits decreased or disappeared between 2 and 3 wk of injection.
      Albuminuria was significantly reduced in protamine-treated animals with a mean of
      124+/-55 mg/24 h compared to 632+/-150 mg/24 h in the control group receiving
      cationic BSA alone. No significant differences between the groups were noted in
      serum lev9lsof IgG, C3, anti-BSA antibody, or circulating immune complex size.
      Studies in additional animals (n = 5) given radiolabeled cationic BSA showed that
      protamine did not alter the clearance of cationic BSA from serum. Control
      experiments showed that protamine's beneficial effects were not related to its
      weak anticoagulant property or toits theoretical ability to deplete tissue
      histamine. The administration of heparin (n = 6) or diphenhydramine (n = 6) had
      no effect on the development of the epimembranous lesion compared to the group
      receiving cationic BSA alone. In addition, homogenized whole kidney histamine
      content was not significantly different in the group receiving cationic BSA alone
      compared to the group receiving cationic BSA and protamine. This work shows that
      a cationic BSA-induced glomerular lesion can be produced by a renal perfusion
      technique involving in situ complex formation and that this process requires a
      cationic antigen for its development. We believe that the demonstrated beneficial
      effects of protamine are due to its ability to bind to glomerular anionic sites,
      and that this electrostatic interaction results in inhibition for the further
      binding of the cationic antigen, thereby limiting the severity of
      glomerulonephritis in this model.

PMID- 6826720
TI  - Whole body clearance of norepinephrine. The significance of arterial sampling and
      of surgical stress.
AB  - The whole body clearance of norepinephrine (NE) was measured in seven patients
      pre- and postoperatively. L[(3)H]NE was infused intravenously for 90 min and
      steady-state concentrations of L[(3)H]NE were measured at 75 and 90 min in both
      arterial and peripheral venous blood. Preoperatively, in the resting supine
      position, the clearance values based on arterial and venous sampling averaged 1.4
      and 2.5 liter/min, respectively (P < 0.02). The difference in clearance values
      was due to a peripheral uptake of NE averaging 45%. The mean plasma NE increased
      from 1.70 nmol/liter preoperatively to 5.20 nmol/liter postoperatively (P <
      0.02). The plasma appearance rate of NE averaged 2.4 nmol/min before surgery and
      it increased to 9.5 nmol/min postoperatively (P < 0.02). The plasma clearance of
      NE averaged 1.4 and 1.6 liter/min pre- and postoperatively, respectively (not
      significantly different). Our study demonstrates that the calculation of plasma
      NE clearance based on venous sampling results in values that are too high.
      Furthermore, such values may be influenced by individual variations in the
      peripheral uptake of NE, since we found no correlation between clearance values
      based on venous and arterial sampling. The increase in plasma NE postoperatively
      was due to an increase in the plasma appearance rate of NE because the clearance
      rate did not change.

PMID- 6826721
TI  - Trifluoperazine inhibits the contraction of cultured rat cardiac cells and the
      phosphorylation of myosin light chain.
AB  - Cultured, spontaneously beating heart cells were used to study the role of
      calmodulin in regulating cardiac contraction. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an
      antipsychotic drug that binds to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited myocardial
      contraction. This effect occurred over a TFP concentration range of 5-100 muM
      with half maximal activity at approximately 15 muM TFP. When the phosphoprotein
      profile of TFP-treated cells was compared with control cultures, there was a
      significant decrease in (32)P content of the 20,000-D myosin light chain. As
      measured by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the fraction of phosphorylated
      myosin light chain decreased from 0.31+/-0.06 in control to 0.16+/-0.05 in TFP
      treated cells (P < 0.05). This inhibition of protein phosphorylation was
      relatively selective, as two other phosphoproteins ( approximately 41,000 and
      36,000 D) were unaffected, and a third protein ( approximately 28,000 D) showed
      an increase in (32)P activity. In contrast, the cessation of spontaneous beating
      by 50 mM KCl did not reproduce these changes. This inhibition of contraction
      mediated by TFP associated with alterations in the phosphorylation of certain
      cardiac phosphoproteins suggests a role for calmodulin and for the myosin light
      chain in the regulation of cardiac cell contraction.

PMID- 6826723
TI  - Chronic hyperglycemia reduces surface active material flux in tracheal fluid of
      fetal lambs.
AB  - I tested the hypothesis that chronic hyperglycemia alters fetal lung maturation
      by continuous infusion of glucose (14+/-2 mg/kg per min, mean+/-SE) from 112 up
      to 145 d gestation into six chronically catheterized fetal lambs from which
      tracheal fluid could be collected. Serum glucose levels (32+/-2 mg/dl) and serum
      insulin levels (38+/-4 muU/ml) in these glucose-treated fetuses were
      significantly higher than serum glucose levels (18+/-2 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and
      serum insulin levels (12+/-3 muU/ml, P < 0.001) in six chronically catheterized
      control fetuses of the same gestational ages. Glucose infusion to the fetuses did
      not alter maternal serum glucose (60+/-3 mg/dl) or serum insulin levels (35+/-5
      muU/ml). Arterial blood gases (pH 7.34+/-0.01, Po(2) 24.3+/-0.5 mmHg, Pco(2)
      41.5+/-0.9 mmHg), oxygen saturation (73+/-2%), hematocrit (31+/-1%), and tracheal
      fluid flow (2.4+/-0.1 ml/g per h) in the glucose-treated fetuses were not
      significantly different from controls. Among the control fetuses, surface active
      material (SAM) began to appear in tracheal fluid at 123 d gestation and was
      present in all six fetuses by 129 d gestation, whereas SAM did not appear at all
      in tracheal fluid of four of the glucose-treated fetuses, and appeared in two at
      low levels after 142 d gestation. SAM flux in the glucose-treated fetuses (<1
      mug/g per h) was statistically lower than SAM flux in the control fetuses (60+/-9
      mug/kg per h, P < 0.001). Between 130 and 140 d gestation, tracheal fluid
      phospholipid content rose fourfold, mixed lecithin content rose ninefold,
      disaturated phosphatidylcholine content rose fourfold in the control fetuses,
      whereas little or no increase in these measurements occurred in the glucose
      treated fetuses (all differences significant). I conclude that chronic
      hyperglycemia with secondary hyperinsulinemia reduces SAM flux in tracheal fluid
      of fetal lambs. The reduction in SAM flux is attributed to low surface active
      phospholipid content of the SAM. A similar mechanism may operate in utero to
      cause respiratory distress in infants of diabetic mothers whose maternal glucose
      homeostasis is poorly controlled.

PMID- 6826722
TI  - Specific high-affinity binding of high density lipoproteins to cultured human
      skin fibroblasts and arterial smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Binding of human high density lipoproteins (HDL, d = 1.063-1.21) to cultured
      human fibroblasts and human arterial smooth muscle cells was studied using HDL
      subjected to heparin-agarose affinity chromatography to remove apoprotein (apo) E
      and B. Saturation curves for binding of apo E-free 125I-HDL showed at least two
      components: low-affinity nonsaturable binding and high-affinity binding that
      saturated at approximately 20 micrograms HDL protein/ml. Scatchard analysis of
      high-affinity binding of apo E-free 125I-HDL to normal fibroblasts yielded plots
      that were significantly linear, indicative of a single class of binding sites.
      Saturation curves for binding of both 125I-HDL3 (d = 1.125-1.21) and apo E-free
      125I-HDL to low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-negative fibroblasts also
      showed high-affinity binding that yielded linear Scatchard plots. On a total
      protein basis, HDL2 (d = 1.063-1.10), HDL3 and very high density lipoproteins
      (VHDL, d = 1.21-1.25) competed as effectively as apo E-free HDL for binding of
      apo E-free 125I-HDL to normal fibroblasts. Also, HDL2, HDL3, and VHDL competed
      similarly for binding of 125I-HDL3 to LDL receptor-negative fibroblasts. In
      contrast, LDL was a weak competitor for HDL binding. These results indicate that
      both human fibroblasts and arterial smooth muscle cells possess specific high
      affinity HDL binding sites. As indicated by enhanced LDL binding and degradation
      and increased sterol synthesis, apo E-free HDL3 promoted cholesterol efflux from
      fibroblasts. These effects also saturated at HDL3 concentrations of 20
      micrograms/ml, suggesting that promotion of cholesterol efflux by HDL is mediated
      by binding to the high-affinity cell surface sites.

PMID- 6826724
TI  - Gallbladder and small intestinal regulation of biliary lipid secretion during
      intraduodenal infusion of standard stimuli.
AB  - The gallbladder and small intestine are reservoirs for the bile acid pool during
      its enterohepatic circulation and, as such, may regulate biliary secretion of
      bile acid. During studies of biliary bile acid secretion, a stimulus to
      gallbladder contraction is continuously infused into the duodenum. Under these
      conditions, it is assumed that the gallbladder is tonically contracted and that
      the rate of bile acid secretion into the duodenum equals the hepatic bile acid
      secretion rate. However, secretion rates vary by as much as 100%, depending upon
      which of two standard stimuli is used. Therefore, we studied the role of
      gallbladder emptying and small intestinal transit in determining biliary lipid
      secretion rate and composition during infusion of these stimuli in five healthy
      subjects. Each subject was studied with a liquid formula containing 40% of
      calories as fat, and with an amino acid solution for 10 h. Bile acid,
      phospholipid, cholesterol, and markers were measured in duodenal bile and hourly
      secretion rates were calculated by marker dilution technique. Real-time
      gallbladder sonographs and serum pancreatic polypeptide levels were obtained
      every 30 min. Small bowel transit time was estimated levels were obtained every
      30 min. Small bowel transit time was estimated by the breath hydrogen response
      after giving lactulose intraduodenally.During liquid formula infusion,
      gallbladder emptying was more complete, small intestinal transit was faster, and
      pancreatic polypeptide levels were higher. Secretion rates of all lipids were
      greater and molar percent cholesterol was lower. For the combined data from both
      infusions, the secretory relationships of cholesterol to bile acid, cholesterol
      to phospholipid, and phospholipid to bile acid were curvilinear. We conclude that
      more complete gallbladder emptying and faster intestinal transit increase the
      enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and lower the molar percent cholesterol of
      bile. Some of the fluctuation observed in biliary lipid secretion rates,
      especially during amino acid infusion, is due to gallbladder refilling and
      emptying.

PMID- 6826725
TI  - In vivo studies of serum C-reactive protein turnover in rabbits.
AB  - We determined the plasma half-life of the acute phase protein C-reactive protein
      (CRP) both in normal rabbits and in rabbits that had received inflammatory
      stimuli. Rabbit CRP was purified from acute phase serum by Cx-polysaccharide
      affinity chromatography, radiolabeled, and rendered pyrogen-free. Six
      unstimulated rabbits were injected intravenously with (125)1-CRP prepared by the
      lactoperoxidase method and four were injected with CRP labeled by methylation
      using [(14)C]formaldehyde. Blood samples were obtained at 0.25 h and at intervals
      thereafter. Plasma half-life of CRP was calculated from the data generated during
      the first 12 h, by which time an average of 86% of labeled protein had
      disappeared from the blood stream. The mean half-life for CRP was 4.45+/-0.2 h,
      with no significant difference (0.40 < P < 0.45) between (125)1- and (14)C
      labeled CRP. In six animals stimulated with either endotoxin or turpentine 24 h
      before injection of labeled CRP, a mean half-life of 5.8+/-0.6 h was found, not
      significantly different (0.30 < P < 0.35) from unstimulated rabbits. We equated
      fractional catabolic rate to fractional disappearance rate, since the rate
      constant for passage of CRP from vascular to extravascular compartment can be
      assumed to be relatively small compared to the observed fractional disappearance
      rate. Fractional catabolic rate was independent of serum CRP concentration;
      average fractional catabolic rate in all 16 animals was 14+/-0.8% h(-1) of the
      plasma pool. We were able to estimate rate of CRP synthesis, based on steady
      state assumptions of pool sizes in those rabbits whose serum CRP levels did not
      change substantially during the period of study. Values as low as 6.7 mug/kg per
      h in the unstimulated animals and as high as 560 mug/kg per h in the stimulated
      animals were found.

PMID- 6826726
TI  - Reduced surface expression and binding of fibronectin by thrombin-stimulated
      thrombasthenic platelets.
AB  - Thrombin stimulation results in increased surface expression of endogeneous
      fibronectin and binding of plasma fibronectin to human platelets. Platelets of
      patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, a bleeding disorder, exhibit reduced
      thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, little or no clot retraction, and abnormal
      platelet spreading on glass surfaces. Thrombin stimulation of patient platelets
      from four thrombasthenic kindreds resulted in little fibronectin binding.
      Nevertheless, thrombin did induce serotonin secretion from these cells,
      indicating that stimulation was occurring. Thrombasthenic platelets did not
      inhibit thrombin-stimulated fibronectin binding to coincubated normal cells,
      suggesting that their defect was not due to the presence of a soluble inhibitor
      of fibronectin binding. Thrombin-stimulated afibrinogenemic platelets bound
      similar quantities of fibronectin to normal cells, indicating that the
      thrombasthenic deficit is not secondary to reduced fibrinogen content or binding.
      The thrombasthenic cells had an endogenous fibronectin content of 2.9 +/- 0.7
      micrograms/10(9) platelets, whereas cells simultaneously prepared from five
      normal individuals contained 1.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(9) platelets, a
      statistically insignificant difference. Nevertheless, thrombin stimulation did
      not increase expression of endogeneous fibronectin antigen on the surface of the
      thrombasthenic platelets as judged by immunofluorescence. These defects in
      platelet fibronectin binding and surface expression may account for some of the
      manifestations of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

PMID- 6826727
TI  - Hereditary tyrosinemia and the heme biosynthetic pathway. Profound inhibition of
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by succinylacetone.
AB  - Succinylacetone (4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) is an abnormal metabolite produced in
      patients with hereditary tyrosinemia as a consequence of an inherited deficiency
      of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. It is known that patients with this hereditary
      disease excrete excessive amounts of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in urine and
      that certain patients have an accompanying clinical syndrome resembling that of
      acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). In order to elucidate the relation of
      succinylacetone to the heme biosynthetic pathway, we have examined the effects of
      this metabolite on the cellular heme content of cultured avian hepatocytes and on
      the activity of purified ALA dehydratase from normal human erythrocytes and from
      mouse and bovine liver. Our data indicate that succinylacetone is an extremely
      potent competitive inhibitor of ALA dehydratase in human as well as in animal
      tissues. By using purified preparations of the enzyme from human erythrocytes and
      mouse and bovine liver, an inhibitor constant ranging from 2 x 10(-7) M to 3 x
      10(-7) M was obtained. In cultured hepatocytes, succinylacetone also inhibited
      ALA dehydratase activity, decreased the cellular content of heme and cytochrome P
      450, and greatly potentiated the induction response of ALA synthase to drugs such
      as phenobarbital, chemicals such as allylisopropylacetamide and 3,5-dicarbethoxy
      1,4-dihydrocollidine, and natural steroids such as etiocholanolone. Four patients
      with hereditary tyrosinemia have been studied and all were found to have greatly
      depressed levels of erythrocyte ALA dehydratase activity and elevated
      concentrations of this inhibitor in urine. These findings indicate that
      tyrosinemia is a disorder of special pharmacogenetic interest because
      succinylacetone, an abnormal product of the tyrosine metabolic pathway, resulting
      from the primary gene defect of the disease, profoundly inhibits heme
      biosynthesis in normal cells through a blockade at the ALA dehydratase level,
      leading to clinical and metabolic consequences that mimic another genetic
      disease, AIP.

PMID- 6826728
TI  - Regulation of the fasting enterohepatic circulation of bile acids by the
      migrating myoelectric complex in dogs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to correlate the fasting enterohepatic circulation
      (EHC) of bile acids with the migrating myoelectric complex. Four dogs were
      surgically provided with a functional cholecystectomy, a duodenal cannula for
      direct vision cannulation of the common bile duct, and 12 bipolar electrodes
      implanted from stomach to terminal ileum. Bile was collected in equal-volume,
      timed aliquots over 6 to 10 h. Aliquots were sampled and either returned to the
      duodenum for study of the intact EHC, or collected and retained in order to study
      the time course of the bile acid pool washout. In the washout experiments boluses
      of radiolabeled taurocholic acid were instilled into the duodenum before and
      after duodenal phase III of the migrating motor or myoelectric complex (MMC). In
      another group of experiments the bile acid pool was washed out and during a
      continuous duodenal infusion of taurocholic acid bile was collected to study the
      pattern of hepatic secretion. RESULTS: (a) In all experiments, a single broad
      peak of bile flow and bile acid secretion occurred at 35-55% of the MMC migration
      time. At this time the MMC had migrated to a point 70-85% of the distance along
      the small intestine. (b) During bile acid pool washout the peak of bile flow and
      bile acid secretion occurred with the distal migration of the first MMC and then
      bile flow and bile acid secretion rates decreased to a minimum and stabilized.
      (c) In bile acid pool washout experiments the radiolabeled bile acids instilled
      into the duodenum prior to duodenal phase III were secreted and peaked with peak
      endogenous bile acid secretion. The secretion of radiolabeled bile acids
      instilled into the duodenum after duodenal phase III was delayed until the
      subsequent cycle of the MMC. 88% of the bile acid pool collected over 6 h was
      secreted during the distal migration of the first MMC (2.4 +/- 0.4 h). (d) After
      bile acid pool washout and during continuous duodenal infusion of taurocholic
      acid, hepatic bile flow and bile acid secretion continued to fluctuate with the
      same pattern observed with the EHC intact. CONCLUSIONS: (a) In the fasting state,
      the transport of intestinal bile acids to the liver is pulsatile rather than
      continuous and is determined by the MMC. Maximum hepatic secretion occurs when
      phase III of the MMC propels the intraluminal bile acid pool to its site of
      absorption in the distal small bowel. (b) The "housekeeping" action of the MMC is
      very efficient and clears 88% of the 6-h washout bile acid pool in one pass.

PMID- 6826729
TI  - Effect of penicillin on the adherence of Streptococcus sanguis in vitro and in
      the rabbit model of endocarditis.
AB  - The effect of penicillin treatment of Streptococcus sanguis in vitro, on
      subsequent bacterial density in the bloodstream and on cardiac valves in the
      rabbit model of endocarditis was studied. As experimental tools for this study,
      isogenic pairs of S. sanguis differing in resistance to streptomycin or rifampin
      were prepared by genetic transformation. Rabbits with traumatized heart valves
      received an intravenous inoculation of penicillin treated (1 mug/ml) and
      untreated S. sanguis, each marked by resistance to either streptomycin or
      rifampin. The number of penicillin-treated and untreated bacteria attached to the
      valvular surfaces was determined by differential counting on streptomycin or
      rifampin containing media. Penicillin pretreatment reduced cardiac valve
      colonization 5 min after inoculation ("adherence ratio" x 10(8) was 4.11 for the
      control and 3.66 for the penicillin-treated bacteria, P < 0.001). The results
      were not due to differences in serum killing or bacterial densities in the
      bloodstream. There was no difference in valvular bacterial densities 24 h after
      bacterial inoculation (adherence ratio x 10(8), 7.26 untreated vs. 6.34
      penicillin-pretreated, P > 0.10). In vitro experiments were performed using
      platelet-fibrin surfaces to test the possibility that penicillin-induced loss of
      lipoteichoic acid was responsible for decreased streptococcal adherence.
      Pretreatment of S. sanguis cultures with inhibitory concentrations of penicillin
      or with antiserum against lipoteichoic acid and precoating of the platelet-fibrin
      surfaces with lipoteichoic acid, all caused reduction in bacterial adherence. The
      findings are interpreted as support for the role of lipoteichoic acid as an
      adhesin in S. sanguis interactions with particular host tissue surfaces.

PMID- 6826730
TI  - Abnormal alpha 2-chain in type I collagen from a patient with a form of
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Dermal fibroblasts in culture from a woman with a mild to moderate form of
      osteogenesis imperfecta synthesize two species of the pro alpha 2-chain of type I
      procollagen. One chain is normal. The abnormal chain has a slightly faster
      mobility than normal during electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. Analysis of cyanogen bromide peptides of the pro alpha
      chain, the alpha-chain, and of the mammalian collagenase cleavage products of the
      pro alpha- and alpha-chains indicates that the abnormality is confined to the
      alpha 2(I)CB4 fragment and is consistent with loss of a short triple-helical
      segment. Type I collagen production was decreased, perhaps because the molecules
      that contained the abnormal chain were unstable, with a resultant alteration in
      the ratio of type III to type I collagen secreted into culture medium. Collagen
      fibrils in bone and skin had a normal periodicity but their diameters were 50% of
      control; the bone matrix was undermineralized. The structural abnormality in the
      alpha 2(I)-chain in this patient may affect molecular stability, intermolecular
      interactions, and collagen-mineral relationships that act to decrease the
      collagen content of tissues and affect the mineralization of bone.

PMID- 6826731
TI  - Sex-related differences in gastrin release and parietal cell sensitivity to
      gastrin in healthy human beings.
AB  - We compared serum gastrin concentrations and gastric acid secretion basally and
      in response to a mixed meal in age-matched women and men. Women had significantly
      higher basal serum gastrin concentrations (P < 0.01) and two- to threefold higher
      food-stimulated serum gastrin concentrations (P < 0.001) than men. Basal and food
      stimulated serum gastrin concentrations in women did not fluctuate significantly
      during the menstrual cycle. Sex-related differences in food-stimulated serum
      gastrin concentrations were not due to differences in antral pH because pH after
      the meal in women and men had been kept constant at 5.0 by in vivo intragastric
      titration with sodium bicarbonate. Studies using an antibody that reacts only
      with potent gastrin heptadecapeptide species (G-17-I and II) indicated that women
      also had threefold higher serum G-17 concentrations after the meal than men (P <
      0.005). Elevated serum G-17 concentrations after the meal in women were due to
      increased release of G-17 rather than slower clearance of G-17 from the
      circulation.Despite elevated serum gastrin concentrations in response to food,
      women secreted approximately the same amount of acid relative to their maximal
      secretory capacity as men. Furthermore, during exogenous G-17 infusion, which led
      to identical serum gastrin concentrations in women and men, the dose-response
      curve for acid secretion in women was shifted significantly to the right of the G
      17 dose-response curve in men (P < 0.02). The dose of G-17 that stimulated half
      of peak acid secretion was two to three times higher in women than in men,
      reflecting significantly reduced sensitivity of parietal cells to gastrin in
      women (P < 0.05). Our studies suggest that, compared with men, women release
      greater amounts of gastrin but are at the same time less sensitive to stimulation
      of acid secretion by gastrin.

PMID- 6826732
TI  - Regulation of renal blood flow by plasma chloride.
AB  - Micropuncture studies have shown that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls in
      response to a rise in Na(+) or Cl(-) concentrations in the loop of Henle, whereas
      studies in isolated kidneys have shown that GFR falls in response to osmotic
      diuresis. To define the separate effects of an acute increase in plasma sodium
      (P(Na)), chloride (P(Cl)) or osmolality (P(osmol)), changes in renal blood flow
      (RBF) and GFR were measured during intrarenal infusions of hypertonic NaCl,
      NaHCO(3), Na acetate, dextrose, NH(4)Cl or NH(4)acetate to denervated kidneys.
      The infusions raised P(osmol) at the experimental kidney by 30-45 mosmol. RBF
      increased abruptly by 10-30% with all hypertonic infusions indicating that an
      acute increase in plasma tonicity causes renal vasodilatation. Renal
      vasodilatation persisted or increased further during infusion of dextrose,
      NaHCO(3) and Na acetate, but GFR was unchanged. In contrast, during infusion of
      the two Cl-containing solutions, vasodilatation was reversed after 1-5 min and
      RBF and GFR decreased (P < 0.01) below preinfusion levels. Prior salt depletion
      doubled the vasoconstriction seen with hypertonic NaCl infusions. Overall,
      changes in RBF were unrelated to changes in P(Na) or fractional Na or fluid
      reabsorption but correlated with changes in P(Cl) (r = -0.91) and fractional Cl(
      ) reabsorption (r = 0.94). The intrafemoral arterial infusion of the two Cl
      containing solutions did not increase femoral vascular resistance. In conclusion,
      hyperchloremia produces a progressive renal vasoconstriction and fall in GFR that
      is independent of the renal nerves, is potentiated by prior salt depletion and is
      related to tubular Cl(-) reabsorption. Chloride-induced vasoconstriction appears
      specific for the renal vessels.

PMID- 6826733
TI  - Effects of extracellular fluid volume and plasma bicarbonate concentration on
      proximal acidification in the rat.
AB  - The effects of systemic bicarbonate concentration and extracellular fluid volume
      status on proximal tubular bicarbonate absorption, independent of changes in
      luminal composition and flow rate, were examined with in vivo luminal
      microperfusion of rat superficial proximal convoluted tubules. Net bicarbonate
      absorption and bicarbonate permeability were measured using microcalorimetry.
      From these data, net bicarbonate absorption was divided into two parallel
      components: proton secretion and passive bicarbonate diffusion. The rate of net
      bicarbonate absorption was similar in hydropenic and volume-expanded rats when
      tubules were perfused with 24 mM bicarbonate, but was inhibited in volume
      expanded rats when tubules were perfused with 5 mM bicarbonate. Volume expansion
      caused a 50% increase in bicarbonate permeability, which totally accounted for
      the above inhibition. The rate of proton secretion was unaffected by volume
      expansion in both studies. The rate of net bicarbonate absorption was markedly
      inhibited in alkalotic expansion as compared with isohydric expansion.
      Bicarbonate permeabilities were not different in these two conditions, and the
      calculated rates of proton secretion were decreased by greater than 50% in
      alkalosis. Net bicarbonate absorption was stimulated in acidotic rats compared to
      hydropenic rats. This stimulation was attributable to a 25% increase in the rate
      of proton secretion. We conclude that (a) proton secretion is stimulated in
      acidosis, inhibited in alkalosis, and is not altered by volume status; (b)
      bicarbonate permeability is increased by volume expansion but is not altered by
      increases in plasma bicarbonate concentration; (c) when luminal bicarbonate
      concentrations are similar to those of plasma, net bicarbonate absorption is
      dominated by proton secretion and is thus sensitive to peritubular bicarbonate
      concentrations, and insensitive to extracellular fluid volume; (d) when luminal
      bicarbonate concentrations are low and proton secretion is slowed, bicarbonate
      permeability and thus extracellular fluid volume have a greater influence on net
      bicarbonate absorption.

PMID- 6826736
TI  - The Psychological Screening Inventory as a predictor of predisposition to suicide
      among patients at the Oregon State Hospital.
AB  - Examined all closed patient files for the inclusion of scores from the
      Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI) at the Oregon State Hospital between 1977
      1979. Subsequently, the patient files (N = 123) were assessed for suicidal
      inclination employing five categories, which ranged from "no suicidal ideation"
      to "serious attempt." t-tests were completed between Ss placed in category 1 (no
      suicidal ideation) and remaining categories. Results yielded a significant value
      for "discomfort," with lower discomfort scores related to higher suicide risks.
      Subsequent extreme group analysis yielded significant but opposite results for
      males and females, which suggests the importance of evaluating the results of the
      PSI separately for sex.

PMID- 6826737
TI  - An improved MMPI short form: the MMPI-168-E.
AB  - K-corrected MMPI-168 scales using short and long form K scales (N = 2439). The
      latter increased the correlation between abbreviated and standard scales in most
      instances. Because using the entire K scale involves the addition of only 18
      items to the MMPI-168 while it generally improves the statistical validity of
      several scales in addition to K, this was proposed as a cost-effective means of
      improving the MMPI-168.

PMID- 6826735
TI  - Direct detection of the common Mediterranean beta-thalassemia gene with synthetic
      DNA probes. An alternative approach for prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - The most common form of beta-thalassemia among Mediterraneans results from a
      single nucleotide substitution within the first intervening sequence (IVS-1) of
      the beta-globin gene. This particular mutation is not detectable in uncloned DNA
      by restriction enzyme analysis. Using synthetic DNA of 19-nucleotides in length
      corresponding to the normal and mutant IVS-1 sequences as probes, we have
      developed a direct assay for this gene defect. Under carefully controlled
      experimental conditions these synthetic probes detect only their homologous
      sequences in restriction digests of both cloned and uncloned DNA samples. The
      method is sufficiently sensitive to establish the genotype of individuals with
      respect to this defect using approximately 20 micrograms total DNA. This assay
      provides an alternative to fetal blood and DNA linkage analysis for the prenatal
      diagnosis of this variety of beta-thalassemia, particularly among Greek families
      where it is especially common.

PMID- 6826734
TI  - Retinol esterification by microsomes from the mucosa of human small intestine.
      Evidence for acyl-Coenzyme A retinol acyltransferase activity.
AB  - The mechanism of the intestinal esterification of retinol has been obscure.
      Recently, an acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) was found in
      rat intestinal microsomes, and experiments were therefore conducted to determine
      whether a corresponding enzyme exists in human small intestine. When microsomes
      were incubated with [3H]retinol and palmitoyl-CoA, or retinol and [1
      14C]palmitoyl-CoA, radioactive retinyl palmitate was formed as identified by
      alumina column chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Heating the microsomes for 30 min at 60 degrees C resulted in
      loss of activity. The esterification was negligible without exogenous acyl-CoA
      and markedly stimulated by palmitoyl-, oleoyl-, and stearoyl-CoA in
      concentrations up to 20 microM. The acyl-CoA was successfully replaced by an acyl
      CoA generating system, but not by unactivated palmitate (2.5-200 microM). The
      assay was dependent on the presence of albumin with optimum activity at 2-10
      mg/ml. The optimal retinol concentration was 20-30 microM and pH approximately
      7.4. The esterifying activity was completely inhibited by 8 mM of taurocholate
      and to 90% by 1 mM of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Activity was found
      throughout the small intestine. In jejunum the rate of retinol esterification
      was: 3.44 +/- 2.24 nmol [3H]retinyl ester formed . mg microsomal protein-1 . min
      1 (mean +/- SD, n = 12). The corresponding activity in whole homogenates of
      biopsies were 1.17 +/- 0.28 (n = 8). It is concluded that human small intestine
      contains a microsomal acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase. Due to its high activity
      in vitro this enzyme is likely to be responsible for the intestinal
      esterification of retinol.

PMID- 6826738
TI  - Intelligence and achievement of adult illiterates in a tutorial project: a
      preliminary analysis.
AB  - Reports the results of preliminary analyses of intelligence and achievement in an
      adult tutorial project. Incarcerated adult illiterates volunteered to participate
      in a peer tutoring program wherein they received 27 hours of structured tutoring.
      Significant achievement was demonstrated in all areas. Achievement and gains in
      achievement were analyzed in relation to Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ
      scores using four sets of analyses. Significant correlations were noted between
      IQ scores and achievement, but not gains in achievement. Gains in achievement
      were not significantly different among Ss at different Verbal, Performance and
      Full Scale IQ levels, nor were gains in achievement different between Ss who had
      a significant Verbal-Performance discrepancy and those who did not. Gains in
      achievement were not significantly different across subgroups categorized
      according to both IQ level and Verbal-Performance discrepancy.

PMID- 6826740
TI  - WISC-R profile analysis in differentiating LD from ED children.
AB  - Investigated the utility of profile analysis, using the WISC-R to differentiate
      learning disabled from emotionally disturbed and nonhandicapped children. Little
      evidence was found to support the use of WISC-R subtest scatter, and profile
      analysis was discussed. Research efforts that focus upon the meaning of WISC-R
      subtests in relation to the learning process were recommended.

PMID- 6826739
TI  - Daydreaming in 40- to 60-year-old women: menopause, health, values, and
      sexuality.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study of 17- to 92-year-olds two midlife influences in
      daydreaming were observed by Giambra (1979-80): A much larger mean for
      daydreaming frequency at 45-49 years of age for both men and women and a much
      smaller mean for sexual daydreaming beginning with 50- to 54-year-old women. This
      study investigated these midlife influences on daydreaming on a large sample of
      women. The sample consisted of 477 women from 40 to 60 years of age. A total of
      42 variables were investigated; these included variables related to health
      status, symptom presence, menstruation difficulties, sexual activity, demographic
      concerns, importance of various life activities, and effects of menopause. The
      most salient outcome of this study was that daydreaming tended to be more
      prevalent among women who exhibited various psychological symptoms and who were
      less physically healthy, and that menopause was not a moderating variable. This
      outcome was discussed within the current concerns framework of Klinger (1971).

PMID- 6826741
TI  - The value of WISC-R profile analysis for the differential diagnosis of learning
      disabled children.
AB  - Examined the research on WISC-R profile analysis germane to the differential
      diagnosis of learning disabled children in relation to several methodological
      problems that concern score use and interpretation. The evidence based on
      Bannatyne's (1974) recategorization of the subtests indicates a Spatial greater
      than Conceptual greater than Sequencing pattern of performance for learning
      disabled children. The application of this evidence of group characteristics to
      the individual child is problematic. The trend is not consistent. In addition,
      the interpretation of the individual profile is complicated by the unreliability
      of a few of the subtests, the unreliability of subtest difference scores, the
      unreliability of Bannatyne category difference scores, and the invalidity of the
      difference scores for discriminating between learning disabled and other
      children. It was recommended that clinicians not use the WISC-R profile to
      diagnose specific learning disabilities. Instead, the analysis may have greater
      utility in the prevention and remediation of learning problems, especially at the
      preschool level.

PMID- 6826742
TI  - Age-related norms for AVLT in a male patient population.
AB  - Sets forth norms for the AVLT memory test for male inpatients in a general
      hospital (N = 677), age range 19-81. Significant decreases were found for verbal
      recall, serial learning, and recognition. For younger men education and higher IQ
      favor maintenance of learning ability; a more complicated relationship is found
      for older men. Higher education level enhances recall, higher IQ enhances
      recognition, and, as in the younger group, learning and IQ are associated. Drop
      for learning is not uniform and temporarily increases significantly at age range
      35-39. Discussion of the findings focuses on cognitive testing of the elderly.

PMID- 6826743
TI  - The use of the MMPI-168 with delinquent adolescents.
AB  - Compared the standard MMPI and the MMPI-168 scores of 90 male delinquent
      adolescents. Raw score and T-score correlations were generally high and within
      acceptable limits, which indicates that MMPI-168 scores are useful with
      delinquent adolescents. However, two-point codetypes derived from standard MMPIs
      and MMPI-168s were in agreement less than half of the time. Caution should be
      exercised in the interpretation of two-point codetypes from MMPI-168 raw scores.

PMID- 6826744
TI  - Female delinquent recidivism and the P greater than V sign on the WISC-R.
AB  - Examined the Performance-Verbal (P-V) discrepancy on the Wechsler Intelligence
      Scale for Children-Revised as a predictor for recidivism among 78 adjudicated
      white female delinquents. The P greater than V sign was displayed significantly
      more frequently among recidivists than among nonrecidivists. No significant
      relationship was found between amount of P-V difference and number of offenses
      for which an individual may be adjudicated. The findings support the view that
      cognitive differences differentiate recidivists from nonrecidivists.

PMID- 6826746
TI  - An update of the survey of training and internship programs in clinical
      neuropsychology.

PMID- 6826747
TI  - Surrendering the routine.

PMID- 6826748
TI  - Psychological factors that influence self-reported pain.
AB  - Explored the relationship among the MMPI, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the
      pain dimensions from the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The instruments were
      administered to 30 male VA patients with histories of pain for longer than 3
      months. Multiple regression analyses that investigated the relationship between
      depression and the pain measures found no statistically significant correlations.
      Additionally, the MMPI subscales were not related significantly to the sensory
      discriminative pain scores, the cognitive-evaluative pain scores, the present
      pain intensity scores, the percent of body area in pain, or the total number of
      pain words endorsed. In contrast, the MMPI subscales were related significantly
      to the motivational-affective pain dimension and the miscellaneous pain
      dimension. In the motivational-affective analysis, a significant positive
      correlation was found for the PT subscale, but a significant negative correlation
      was found for the Sc subscale. In the miscellaneous pain analysis, a significant
      positive correlation was found for the Hs subscale. The results are interpreted
      in the context of cognitive-behavioral conceptualizations of chronic pain.

PMID- 6826745
TI  - Correlates of self-reported and clinically assessed depression in outpatient
      alcoholics.
AB  - Used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale
      for Depression (Hamilton, 1960) to assess the levels of depression presented by
      76 male and 29 female alcoholics. To estimate overall depression from the self
      report and clinical instruments, the Z scores for both measures were summed.
      Correlations then were calculated between the composite scores and the
      alcoholics' background characteristics. Self-reported prior suicide attempts,
      severity of the current drinking problem, and being white were associated
      positively with depression. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated
      that the self-reported occurrence of a prior suicide attempt was the only
      meaningful correlate. A combined cut-off score analysis of the BDI and Hamilton
      ratings indicated that 33.3% of the sample was moderately to severely depressed.
      The more depressed alcoholics were also more likely to have described previous
      suicide attempts.

PMID- 6826749
TI  - Cognitive changes with aging in schizophrenia.
AB  - Hospitalized, male chronic schizophrenics (N = 21) in their late sixties
      performed as well as those in their early forties when normal age effects were
      determined on measures of verbal fluency, picture anomaly recognition, tapping
      speed, and maze learning. The findings contraindicated the Kraepelinian view of
      schizophrenia as a deteriorative disorder and were more in accord with recent
      longitudinal evidence of clinical stabilization and amelioration of disruptive
      symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 6826750
TI  - Poor memory: a case report.
AB  - The patient and the author of this case report are the same person. In September
      1974 I had a cardiac arrest, and because of anoxia, the arrest resulted in some
      right-sided brain damage. The brain damage led to some minor physical and
      perceptual problems, but the most important result was partial loss of past
      memory and strongly impaired present memory. This report will be concerned with
      the effects of poor memory on cognition, personality, and interpersonal
      relationships based on the observations I have made during the period in which my
      memory was impaired. Of course, the emotional and personality reactions are
      somewhat related to my past personality, but some may be expected generally when
      poor memory is present. The effect on cognitive functioning is more likely to be
      a general finding. I also will describe the course of my rehabilitation over a 2
      year-period, and I will make some suggestions about rehabilitation to patients
      and therapists.

PMID- 6826751
TI  - Experiences of depression and illness behavior in patients with intractable
      chronic pain.
AB  - Studied the relationships between depth of depression, anaclitic and introjective
      depressive experiences, and dimensions of illness behavior in 37 chronic pain
      patients. Depth of depression and degree of introjective depressive experiences
      showed similar positive covariation with a broad range of illness behavior:
      Namely, hypochondriasis, disease conviction, affective inhibition, affective
      disturbance, and irritability. The findings suggest that depression characterized
      by feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and self-doubt, rather than themes of
      abandonment, is associated differentially with disturbances in the illness
      behavior of chronic pain patients.

PMID- 6826752
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Rational Behavior Inventory with a clinical
      population.
AB  - Administered to mental health outpatients (N = 75) who were receiving
      Psychotherapy the Rational Behavior Inventory as well as several other scales of
      psychological adjustment prior to their first therapy session. Their therapists
      also completed several of these scales on their clients. This procedure was
      repeated for a subsample upon termination of treatment. Correlations were
      computed among measures, and t-tests were conducted between pre- and
      posttreatment scores. Significant correlations were found between all measures in
      the expected directions, and significant pre- to post-scale differences were
      identified consistent with the expected effects of treatment. These results are
      interpreted as initial evidence for the Rational Behavior Inventory's reliability
      and validity with a clinical group. Future research is suggested to examine the
      Rational Behavior Inventory's relationship to other measures of cognitive
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6826753
TI  - Self-regulation and external reinforcement in problem-solving strategies of black
      adolescents.
AB  - Examined the relationships among self-regulatory behaviors, perceptions of social
      reinforcement from significant persons, and the problem-solving performance of
      black adolescents (N = 33). The components of self-regulatory processes--self
      reinforcement, self-evaluation and self-monitoring--were interrelated highly. Ss'
      perception of neither positive nor negative social reinforcement was related
      significantly to problem-solving performance. Discussion centered around the
      effects of self-responsibility and affective factors in the achievement
      orientation of minority children.

PMID- 6826754
TI  - The measurement of intimacy in marriage: the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire.
AB  - Developed eight independent content scales to assess components of marital
      intimacy (Conflict Resolution, Affection, Cohesion, Sexuality, Identity,
      Compatibility, Autonomy, and Expressiveness). The measures were designed to be
      relatively free from social desirability and acquiescent responding (N = 248).
      Test retest and internal consistency reliabilities were high and sexual bias was
      not indicated.

PMID- 6826755
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of actuarial and one-point MMPI code systems with college
      students.
AB  - Assessed the applicability of standard clinical interpretations of the MMPI
      within a college counseling center. The relative classification rates and
      diagnostic accuracy of four actuarial and two one-point code systems for the MMPI
      were evaluated. Two hundred and five female and 207 male college students were
      administered MMPIs. In addition, independent diagnoses were obtained on each
      student. Diagnoses were made on the basis of each of the code type systems. The
      results indicated that (a) only the one-point code systems classified a large
      percentage of students who were diagnosed as neurotic, psychotic, or behavior
      disorder; (b) the accuracy of differential diagnosis among these psychiatric
      categories was at a satisfactory level for both male and female students with
      only the Gynther, Altman, and Sletten (1973a) and one-point code systems; and (c)
      the Gilberstadt and Duker (1965) and one-point code systems classified an
      excessively large percentage of students with minor adjustment problems as being
      neurotic, psychotic, or behavior disorder.

PMID- 6826756
TI  - Further evaluation of the CPI Repeated Item Short Form.
AB  - Cross-validated the CPI Repeated Item Short Form (RISF). Three populations
      (police dispatcher recruits (N = 22), college students (N = 30), and penitentiary
      prisoners (N = 51) were used for comparison purposes. Each S was administered the
      full-length CPI, from which scores for the short forms were extracted. CPI short
      form comparisons were conducted by contrasting intercorrelational matrices,
      comparing correlations with full length CPI scales, and determining profile
      validity/invalidity as well as matching profile high and low points. On all of
      the described comparisons the RISF compared favorably relative to the only other
      published CPI short form (i.e., the Factor Analyzed Short Form--FASF). The
      authors conclude the RISF is a good approximation of the full length CPI profiles
      for both institutionalized and normal populations.

PMID- 6826757
TI  - A factor analysis of the California Test of Personality--secondary level.
AB  - Sought to determine the construct validity of the California Test of Personality-
      Secondary Level to ascertain whether 12 components (factors) of personality as
      theorized by test authors are separate and meaningful (N = 1,800). Since
      personality assessment instruments are essential tools for those who study human
      behavior it is recognized that the usefulness of these instruments is related
      directly to their validity. The findings of this study indicate that the 180
      items of the CTP are represented better as a 9-factor construct. Thirty-one
      percent of test items load significantly on 2 or more factors, and 10% of the
      test items do not contribute in a meaningful way to any one component (factor).

PMID- 6826758
TI  - Alienation, dogmatism, and related personality characteristics.
AB  - Examined the relationship between alienation and dogmatism, as measured by shared
      personality characteristics. Scores from the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, the
      Keniston Alienation Scale, the California Test of Personality, and the Omnibus
      Personality Inventory were obtained for a sample of 92 college freshmen.
      Alienation and dogmatism were found to be positively related concepts. The
      factors that best predicted alienation from dogmatic responses were intolerance
      expressed for opposing beliefs and compulsivity in the belief system. Alienation
      and dogmatism also were found to be associated with several commonly held
      personality traits, which center around anxiety, low self-esteem, and social
      estrangement manifested in feelings of hostility, aggression, loneliness,
      rejection, and isolation. These results were discussed and compared to previous
      research that explored the two concepts separately.

PMID- 6826759
TI  - Comparing the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement Cluster Scores and Wide Range
      Achievement Test in a learning disabled and regular education population.

PMID- 6826760
TI  - Demographic correlates and factor structure of the Family Environment Scale.
AB  - Since traditional psychological assessment instruments focus mainly on the
      characteristics of individuals, techniques for systematically measuring social
      environments may help to increase assessment validity. One of the best developed
      environmental measures is the Family Environment Scale (FES), a 90-item inventory
      with 10 subscales that assess interpersonal relationships, personal development
      goals, and organizational structure. A study was conducted in which FES subscale
      scores of 204 families were factor analyzed and correlated with family
      demographic characteristics. The obtained factor structure showed two major
      factors similar to "control" and "acceptance-rejection" dimensions found in
      previous research. Number of children in a family was related positively to
      control and negatively to acceptance. Family socioeconomic status was correlated
      positively with the degree of participation in cultural and recreational
      activities. The results are seen as supporting the use of the FES as part of
      multimethod assessments of family environment and indicating the need for FES
      norms to be adjusted for relevant demographic characteristics.

PMID- 6826761
TI  - Clinical neuropsychology: a discipline in evolution.
AB  - The future of neuropsychology is considered first in terms of the potential
      impact of events occurring in clinical medicine, neuroscience research, basic
      behavioral science and applied psychology, and related disciplines. The focus is
      then turned inward on clinical neuropsychology itself and a series of suggestions
      are made concerning how this specialty can evolve to best meet the challenges it
      will face.

PMID- 6826762
TI  - Event-related potential and behavioral correlates of attention in reading
      retardation.
AB  - Auditory selective and sustained attention was examined in 12-year-old reading
      disabled and normal boys. The reading-retarded group obtained generally low
      scores on verbal and achievement measures. For selective attention, two tone pip
      series of differing frequencies were presented, one to each ear. Infrequent
      signal tone pips of varying pitch were interspersed in each series. As the
      subjects counted the signals in one ear, event-related potentials (ERPs) were
      recorded. To evaluate the waveforms, the average amplitude within latency ranges
      that encompassed the ERP peaks was computed. For the ERPs to the signals, the
      retarded readers showed significantly less positivity than did the controls in
      the P3 latency range. The ERPs to the tone pip series displayed a 400 msec period
      of greater negativity to the attended than to nonattended stimuli, which was
      similar for the groups. Also, no major group differences were found for the
      behavioral measures of button-press responses to the selectively attended
      signals, vigilance, motor coordination, lateral preference, and dichotic
      listening. Attentive abilities appear intact in children with reading
      retardation, contrary to those with hyperactivity, and may distinguish these
      learning disorders.

PMID- 6826763
TI  - Application of pattern evoked potential techniques for evaluating infant
      perceptual systems.
AB  - An evoked potential (EP) test was developed to aid in the diagnostic evaluation
      of a 16-week-old infant of initially unknown pathology and degree of perceptual
      deficit. Patterned stimuli were presented at two repetition rates to challenge
      the infant's visual and auditory information processing capabilities. The data
      were compared to those obtained from a "normal" infant of the same age and sex
      and, where possible, to normative population data. The EP data indicated the
      following: (1) the "suspect" infant's occipital response to visual pattern was
      abnormal in terms of waveform characteristics and in the relationship of its
      amplitude to spatial frequency of pattern; (2) in comparing brain response to 1
      Hz and 6 Hz stimulation rates, the "suspect" infant's occipital EPs were
      abnormally attenuated for the faster presentation rate when a patterned visual
      display was part of the stimulus complex; (3) an auditory speech sound produced
      equivalent EP effects in both infants. These data indicated that the "suspect"
      infant's perceptual deficit was restricted to the processing of visual pattern
      information, possibly due to abnormal functioning of the geniculo-striate system.
      Subsequent tests and the diagnosis of ocular albinism corroborated the results of
      the abnormalities suggested by the EP procedure.

PMID- 6826764
TI  - Psychopathology in the light of brain injury: a case study.
AB  - A case study of late onset psychopathology following brain injury is presented to
      illustrate the effects of cognitive and perceptual loss on personality functions.
      Based on Hughling Jackson's (1884/1958) notion of the duality of the symptom, we
      proposed a model of the development and process of psychopathology following
      brain injury, which views the development of the psychopathological behavior as a
      product of acquired cognitive and perceptual defects and ensuing compensatory
      strategies. For the present case study of paranoia, this involved defects in long
      term memory, conceptual ability, and compensatory strategies of confabulation and
      self-referential orientation. Neuropsychological testing established defects in
      concept formation tasks including the Raven Progressive Matrices, the Leiter
      International Performance Scale, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, as well as
      long-term memory defects where cognitive reorganization was needed. The paranoid
      process was understood as a product of disordered conceptual ability in
      interpersonal situations, and a self-referential conceptual classification
      system, which took time, and changed social relations, to emerge. The
      implications of this model for psychotherapy with brain injury is elaborated in
      our case study, in which psychotherapeutic intervention included training on
      interpersonal hypothesis formation.

PMID- 6826765
TI  - A technique for promoting robust free recall in chronic organic amnesia.
AB  - A learning technique was developed for chronically amnesic subjects which linked
      word-list items in a novel manner utilizing ridiculously-imaged-stories (RIS). By
      the 8th week of once-weekly 45 minute training sessions with RIS the five amnesic
      subjects were able to freely recall an average of 14 items from a 20-item list
      after a 1-week interval, but showed minimal recall after the same interval of
      another 20-word list that had been concurrently learned in a cued, modified free
      recall condition. The effective RIS technique producing this robust recall
      combines stimuli embedded in a novel-arousing context with high-imagery,
      storyline, cuing, and spaced repetition. The net effect of this technique is
      interpreted as providing artificial "chunks" that can be encoded and transferred
      relatively normally into long-term memory.

PMID- 6826766
TI  - Restitution and substitution: two theories of recovery with application to
      neurobehavioral treatment.
AB  - This article reviews two theories regarding recovery from brain damage in
      adulthood. The notion of restitution of function assumes that behavioral
      improvement results from the increasing integrity of the injured functional
      system. In contrast, the theory of substitution of function assumes that
      improvement results from system reorganization or compensation. Both these
      processes take place during the course of neurologic recovery. The ability of the
      clinical neuropsychologist to maximize behavioral changes in the brain-damaged
      patient during the recovery period requires an appreciation for these recovery
      mechanisms. Treatment decisions can be enhanced by knowledge of the time course,
      degree of recovery potential, and behavioral constraints of these complementary
      recovery processes.

PMID- 6826767
TI  - Infections in British clinical laboratories 1980-81.
AB  - This survey through the Association of Clinical Pathologists was continued and
      extended for 1980-81, with the help of the Institute of Medical Laboratory
      Sciences. Hepatitis maintained a low attack rate of 26/100 000 person-years,
      including only three cases of hepatitis B probably attributable to laboratory
      work (attack rate 9). Nineteen cases of tuberculosis (attack rate 56) included 14
      of probable occupational origin (attack rate 41) half of which involved post
      mortem or mortuary work. Thirteen bacterial infections of the bowel (attack rate
      38, predominantly shigellosis) involved almost exclusively microbiology MLSOs,
      with 10 attributed to laboratory work (attack rate 29). The seven other
      infections included 4 of occupational sepsis in morbid anatomy and post-mortem
      workers. There appears to be scope for improvement in bacteriological bench
      techniques particularly at the faeces bench and for reduction in the hazards of
      tuberculosis and sepsis for morbid anatomy and mortuary workers.

PMID- 6826768
TI  - Aerosols in the mortuary.
AB  - Air counts in seven mortuaries during necropsies revealed that providing care is
      taken with washing intestines and close dissection, bacterial numbers are often
      less than those found in an operating theatre, and relate more to the number of
      people and movement in the room than the work. The acknowledged hazard of work in
      the mortuary seems to depend more on contact with infected material, and
      particularly with splashes on surfaces, than to inhalation of infectious
      material. Mortuaries should be ventilated, if only to contain the smell, but the
      recommendations of the Howie code of practice seem more than adequate. Provision
      of exhaust hoods for close dissection should be considered. Mortuary surfaces
      should be crack-free and easy to clean, and the room free of needless equipment.

PMID- 6826769
TI  - Nuclear diameter in parathyroid disease.
AB  - The nuclear diameter of chief cells was measured in 17 cases of parathyroid
      adenomas, four cases of secondary hyperplasia, five cases of primary hyperplasia
      and six cases of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. All the cases with secondary
      hyperplasia and tertiary hyperparathyroidism were associated with chronic renal
      failure. The nuclear diameter in both the adenomatous and hyperplastic areas of
      tertiary hyperparathyroidism were measured. The adenomatous areas of tertiary
      hyperparathyroidism contained nuclei of a larger diameter than those in the
      hyperplastic foci of the same gland. The nuclear diameter in adenomatous foci of
      tertiary hyperparathyroidism was similar to that in adenomas from primary
      hyperparathyroidism. These findings lend support to the concept of formation of
      autonomous adenomas against a background of reactive parathyroid hyperplasia in
      cases of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Using statistical methods there were
      differences between the nuclear diameter in cases of primary adenomata, and cases
      of primary and secondary hyperplasia. Primary parathyroid hyperplasia stood out
      as a distinct group. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6826770
TI  - Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. VI--Proliferative response of small
      intestinal epithelial lymphocytes distinguishes gluten- from non-gluten-induced
      enteropathy.
AB  - Several diseases of the small intestine, including gluten-sensitivity, present
      with malabsorption and a "flat" mucosa. Determination of the mitotic index of
      epithelial lymphocytes provides a simple, objective method of assessing, and thus
      of predicting, whether a flat mucosa is due to gluten-sensitivity (index greater
      than 0.2%), or not (index less than 0.2%). The use of this index in circumstances
      especially likely to cause diagnostic confusion--for example, intestinal
      lymphoma; Crohn's jejunitis of immunodeficiency--is illustrated in this paper. Of
      seven cases, five (two primary lymphoma, three immunodeficiency) had been treated
      with a gluten-free diet without benefit; a mitotic index performed on the initial
      biopsy in each of these patients could have predicted from the outset that none
      was gluten-sensitive. Of the remaining two cases, determination of the mitotic
      index on the biopsy initially obtained from a man with severe
      hypogammaglobulinaemia would have indicated that he was also gluten-sensitive.
      Empirical use of a gluten-free diet was avoided in the other patient (with flat
      small intestinal mucosa and low mitotic index) in whom the diagnosis was
      ultimately shown to be due to Crohn's disease of jejunum.

PMID- 6826771
TI  - A possible route for lymphocyte migration into diseased tissues.
AB  - Vessels within the lymphocytic infiltrate in 161 examples of 24 different
      diseases have been studied using light and electron microscopy and
      histochemistry. Hitherto undescribed venules have been identified within
      lymphocyte aggregates which exhibit a structure, ultrastructure and cytochemistry
      previously believed to be restricted to the high endothelial venules of lymphoid
      tissues. The significance of these findings is discussed within the context of
      lymphocyte migration into abnormal tissue.

PMID- 6826773
TI  - Marrow cellularity in the diagnosis of polycythaemia.
AB  - Increased marrow cellularity is well recognised in polycythaemia rubra vera
      (PRV), but its value in the differential diagnosis of polycythaemia is not always
      appreciated. In 28 patients who had marrow aspiration performed on account of a
      raised haemoglobin concentration or red blood cell count (RBC), marrow
      cellularity was assessed subjectively and also measured; a comparison was made
      with the white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, presence of splenomegaly
      and plasma volume (PV). Marrow cellularity, particularly when measured was shown
      to be the most reliable method of making a positive diagnosis of polycythaemia
      vera; cellularity of greater than 75% makes it unnecessary to perform other
      investigations to exclude secondary erythrocytosis.

PMID- 6826772
TI  - Assessment of cellularity in bone marrow fragments.
AB  - Bone marrow cellularity was measured using the Quantimet 720 Image Analyser in 50
      biopsy samples. In haematologically normal subjects the percentage cellularity of
      the marrow was between 40 and 63%. Subjective assessment of cellularity was an
      unreliable indicator of the quantitative measure.

PMID- 6826774
TI  - Comparison of haematological indices between women of four ethnic groups and the
      effect of oral contraceptives.
AB  - Six-hundred-and-eighty-two women volunteers from four ethnic groups--Black,
      Indian, Oriental and White took part in a study to assess differences in
      haematological indices between the groups. This study was part of a broad
      investigation into the metabolic effects of oral contraceptives. The effect of
      the oral contraceptive (OC) on haematological indices was analysed but not found
      to be significant. The haemoglobin concentrations were lower than normal
      laboratory reference values for White subjects in 12.5% of Indian, 16.5% of Black
      and 4.3% of Oriental control groups respectively. All the White control group
      were within the normal range. These findings were considered in relation to age,
      weight, pregnancies, smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional status, and
      disorders of haemoglobin synthesis. A deficient iron intake accounted for the
      high incidence of low haemoglobin in the Indian group in whom low transferrin
      saturation and serum ferritin were observed. With the possible exception of
      inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis, none of the factors we considered
      could account for the low haemoglobins found in the Black group. Separate
      reference values for haematological indices in different ethnic populations are
      considered.

PMID- 6826775
TI  - "New" lectins for the identification of erythrocyte cryptantigens and the
      classification of erythrocyte polyagglutinability: Medicago disciformis and
      Medicago turbinata.
AB  - The seeds of Medicago disciformis and Medicago turbinata contain lectins for T or
      Th but not Tk or Tx red cell cryptantigens. Extracts of Medicago disciformis
      seeds are a useful addition to a panel of lectins used in the classification of
      red cell cryptantigens and of red cell polyagglutinability.

PMID- 6826776
TI  - Early time course of the acute phase protein response in man.
AB  - The rate at which the acute phase protein response occurred after both major and
      minor surgery was explored. Increases in the plasma concentration of C-reactive
      protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 AG) and fibrinogen were not
      detected until 6-8 h after the initial incision. The peak concentration of CRP
      occurred at 48 h and that of fibrinogen at 96 h; alpha 1 AG concentrations rose
      rapidly until 48 h followed by little change until about 120 h. Although there
      was widespread variation in the concentrations of individual proteins in
      patients, severity of injury did not seem to have a significant effect on the
      time course of the change. Plasma cortisol concentration and the total white
      blood cell count (WBC) reached their peaks before the acute phase proteins,
      cortisol at 6 h and WBC at 12 h.

PMID- 6826778
TI  - Osteomalacia and osteoporosis: evaluation of a diagnostic index.
AB  - Data from a retrospective study in 41 patients is used to suggest an index of
      bone disease. This is designed as a means of collating available results,
      clarifying the significance of each in diagnosing either osteomalacia or
      osteoporosis, and reducing the significance of a single abnormal finding--for
      example, a raised alkaline phosphatase activity or low serum 25 hydroxy vitamin
      D, when the overall index score is low. Index scores above 35% would be
      diagnostic of osteomalacia; scores below 15% if associated with collapsed
      vertebrae suggest osteoporosis. Scores between 15% and 35% would indicate the
      need for a bone biopsy to discriminate between osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

PMID- 6826777
TI  - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation
      test for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG and IgM
      antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, performed with commercial antigen and
      reagents, is compared with the complement fixation test (CF) in a serological
      study of 209 human sera. Concordant results were usually obtained by CF test and
      by IgG ELISA in sera from patients with recent M pneumoniae infection. In
      contrast, when used for an immunological survey of a general population,
      approximately 27% of the sera negative in the CF test were positive for IgG by
      the ELISA, and sera with low CF titres were found to have a broad range of IgG
      titre by the ELISA. This may be due to the greater sensitivity of the ELISA
      technique and/or to different types of antibody measured by both tests. IgM was
      detected by ELISA in sera from all patients with recent M pneumoniae infection
      diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings and by CF assay. Occasionally false
      positive IgM antibodies were due to rheumatoid factor (RF); this potential
      interference necessitates routine testing of IgM antibody positive sera for RF.

PMID- 6826779
TI  - Nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in duodenitis.
AB  - Counts of lamina propria and intraepithelial cells, lymphoid and
      polymorphonuclear, have been performed on semithin sections of endoscopic
      biopsies from the duodenum of patients with ulcer-associated duodenitis, with non
      specific duodenitis, and from controls. In both types of duodenitis there were
      significant increases in lamina propria counts of plasma cells, lymphocytes and
      eosinophils, and in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, when compared with
      controls. In control specimens, neutrophil polymorphs were very infrequent but a
      substantial neutrophil polymorph infiltration of the epithelium and lamina
      propria was present in both types of duodenitis. In biopsies from areas of
      duodenitis scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of cells, which are
      probably neutrophil polymorphs, on the luminal surface of the mucosa.
      Abnormalities in cell counts were present only in biopsies taken from visually
      inflamed areas of the duodenal bulb. These values returned to normal after
      healing of duodenitis with cimetidine. This study highlights the complex nature
      of the mucosal cellular infiltrate in in duodenitis, particularly the striking
      increase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Histopathological features of ulcer
      associated and non-specific duodenitis are identical.

PMID- 6826780
TI  - Antibody synthesis within the central nervous system: comparisons of CSF IgG
      indices and electrophoresis.
AB  - VARIOUS LABORATORIES HAVE REPORTED DIFFERING SUCCESS RATES IN THEIR ABILITY TO
      DETECT INTRATHECAL SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBODY WHEN COMPARING THE INDEX OF [FORMULA:
      see text] with electrophoretic analysis. We selected 44 patients in the
      borderline area of minimal and/or equivocal abnormality by IgG index.
      Electrophoretic analysis (on polyacrylamide gels for oligoclonal gamma globulin
      pattern) of parallel specimens was performed at the same time. The number of
      samples giving a normal index but showing oligoclonal bands varied between 34%
      and 43% depending on the cut-off point. The views about normal barrier functions
      underlying such indices are discussed with particular reference to the
      pathophysiology of the blood-CSF barrier.

PMID- 6826783
TI  - Technical method. A rapid method for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma
      gondii using a modification of the Toxoreagent latex test.

PMID- 6826781
TI  - Increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities in beta 0
      thalassaemia/haemoglobin E and in haemoglobin H diseases.
AB  - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities were measured in 45 subjects, 15 each
      of beta 0-thalassaemia/haemoglobin (Hb) E disease, Hb H disease, and normal. The
      erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in the
      patients with beta 0-thalassaemia/Hb E and Hb H diseases than in the normal
      subjects. The increase of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities is most
      likely due to abnormalities specific to thalassaemic red cells rather than an
      increased number of younger red cells for reticulocytes and nucleated red blood
      cells did not affect the enzyme activity. Patients with beta 0-thalassaemia/Hb E
      disease with lower haemoglobin concentration had significantly higher superoxide
      dismutase activities. In all 45 subjects haemoglobin concentrations and
      superoxide dismutase activities were inversely correlated (r = -0.60 (p less than
      0.001)). This indicates that the amounts of superoxide generated in the red cells
      may, at least partly, determine severity of red cell damage and thus severity of
      disease; the increased superoxide dismutase activity in thalassaemia is a
      response to superoxide generated in greater amounts because of accumulation of
      excessive globin chains and iron in the red cells. The superoxide dismutase
      activities in Hb H disease, an alpha-thalassaemic disease, were found to be
      strikingly increased, higher than in beta 0-thalassaemic disease or other
      conditions.

PMID- 6826782
TI  - Relation between antithrombin III and clinical and serological parameters in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The increased frequency of thromboembolic events in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) has been attributed to reduced or dysfunctional antithrombin
      III (At-III). We analysed At-III values, measured by three different assay
      techniques, in SLE patients, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and normal and
      hospitalised controls. In addition, attempts were made to correlate At-III
      activities of SLE patients with specific clinical and serological parameters such
      as disease activity, renal involvement, previous thrombosis, degree of
      proteinuria, and serum complement concentrations. Our results failed to show a
      significantly reduced At-III in SLE with any method. At-III titres did not
      correlate with disease activity, concentrations of serum complement or albumin
      (both only minimally reduced in most patients), or a previous history of
      thrombosis. At-III deficiency does not appear to be an inherent feature of SLE,
      and reduced activities should only be anticipated when there are specific
      aetiological factors present, such as massive proteinuria, extensive hepatic
      disease, or active thrombosis.

PMID- 6826784
TI  - Postpartum lobular granulomatous mastitis.

PMID- 6826785
TI  - Development of retinal amacrine cells in the mouse embryo: evidence for two modes
      of formation.
AB  - Developing amacrine and ganglion cells have been graphically reconstructed from a
      series of 567 consecutive thin sections of the E17 mouse retina on the first day
      when an obvious inner plexiform layer (IPL) is present and 2 days later than for
      our previous study of amacrine cell formation at E15 (Hinds and Hinds ('78). At
      E17 amacrine cells of the neuroblastic layer (normally placed amacrine cells),
      unlike those at E15, appear to develop directly from ventricular cells;
      intermediate elements are bipolar-shaped cells with terminal arborization in the
      IPL. On the other hand, the development of displaced amacrine cells and some
      normally placed amacrine cells at E17 appears to closely resemble that described
      for all amacrine cells at E15: derivation from "ganglion cells" by loss of the
      axon and transformation of the cell. Three lines of evidence support this
      conclusion. (1) Cells have been found that resemble ganglion cells except that
      they have only an apparent axon remnant and have somata restricted to the IPL and
      the immediately adjacent portion of the ganglion cell layer (GCL); amacrine cells
      transitional between these cells and the smaller and darker, normally placed
      amacrine cells also occur in the IPL. (2) Axons of two ganglion cells have been
      found which appeared to be in the process of breaking up and degenerating. (3)
      The fraction of anaxonic cells with somata in the GCL (two out of 79, or 3%) or
      in the GCL plus IPL (ten out of 88 or 11%) is too small to account easily for the
      large fraction (probably at least 45%) of displaced amacrine cells found in the
      adult, even with conservative assumptions (P less than 0.05). A mathematical
      model suggests that approximately 40% of the ganglion cells present at E17 will
      lose their axon, and of these around half will migrate to the neuroblastic layer,
      while the other half will become displaced amacrine cells. The results suggest a
      natural explanation for the recent finding that wide field amacrine cells are
      found with somata on both sides of the IPL, while narrow field amacrine cells are
      never displaced: the former may be derived from ganglion cells by loss of the
      axon, while the latter may be formed directly from ventricular cells.

PMID- 6826786
TI  - Subcortical projections to lateral geniculate and thalamic reticular nuclei in
      the hooded rat.

PMID- 6826787
TI  - Local cerebral glucose consumption in the rat. I. Effects of halothane
      anesthesia.
AB  - Rates of cerebral glucose utilization were measured by means of the
      autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-(1-14C)glucose technique in normal rats under light
      halothane-anesthesia. Three types of region-specific metabolic alterations were
      elicited by inhalation of 0.5% halothane. The most striking effect observed was a
      significant increase of glucose consumption within the locus coeruleus,
      substantia nigra compacta and reticulata, interpeduncular nucleus, hippocampus,
      and fornix of the anesthetized animals in comparison to the corresponding brain
      areas of the conscious control rats. Halothane-anesthesia was also associated
      with significant metabolic depression in 21 (out of the 74 examined) discrete
      regions of the rat brain, distributed within the pons, cerebellum, diencephalon,
      and cortex, and was more prevalent in thalamus and neocortex. However, halothane
      failed to alter consistently the rates of glucose utilization in the rest of the
      rat brain areas investigated. The present findings suggest that halothane
      specifically alters the regional cerebral glucose utilization, with some limbic
      system components and the basal ganglia displaying increased metabolism, in
      contrast to the sensorimotor system which demonstrates significantly decreased
      metabolic activity.

PMID- 6826788
TI  - Local cerebral glucose consumption in the rat. II. Effects of unilateral
      substantia nigra stimulation in conscious and in halothane-anesthetized animals.
AB  - The energy metabolism of 74 anatomically discrete central nervous structures was
      investigated by means of the autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-(1-14C)glucose method
      (14C-DG) in conscious awake, as well as in halothane-anesthetized rats, following
      unilateral substantia nigra (SN) electrical stimulation. All the basal ganglia
      structures displayed bilateral metabolic activation in conscious animals, with
      only the contralateral subthalamic nucleus being unaffected. In anesthetized rats
      only the SN reticulata, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus were affected
      ipsilaterally whereas anesthesia masked the effects of SN stimulation in SN
      compacta and striatum ipsilaterally, as well as within all the above structures
      contralaterally. The entopeduncular nucleus was bilaterally activated no matter
      the state of consciousness. Unilateral SN stimulation also increased glucose
      utilization within several thalamic regions (ventromedial, ventrolateral,
      ventroanterior, intralaminar, ventrobasal, and mediodorsal nuclei), the habenular
      complex, a few mesencephalic, brainstem (locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe) and
      cerebellar structures, mostly bilaterally and independently of the state of
      consciousness. Some of the factors suggested to be responsible for the masking
      effects of halothane-anesthesia on the metabolic activations elicited by
      unilateral SN stimulation are the following: (1) absence of movements in
      anesthetized rats, (2) halothane-induced depression of polysynaptic pathways
      mostly mediated through the thalamus, and (3) the stimulatory effect of halothane
      anesthesia itself on metabolic activity in both parts of the SN.

PMID- 6826789
TI  - Retinal ganglion cell size groups projecting to the superior colliculus and the
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the North American opossum.
AB  - The retinal ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the North American opossum (Didelphis
      virginiana) were studied by using the retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). The four ganglion cell size groups recognized previously were
      found to project in systematically different ways. After injections of HRP into
      the superior colliculus, labeled cells were seen in nasal retina contralateral to
      the injection and in temporal retina both ipsilateral and contralateral to the
      injection. In contralateral nasal retina cells of all size classes were labeled,
      while in contralateral temporal retina small (8-14 micrometers diameter), small
      medium (15-19 micrometers diameter), and large (greater than 24 micrometers
      diameter) cells were labeled but few, if any, large-medium (20-24 micrometers
      diameter) cells were labeled. In ipsilateral temporal retina, soma size groups
      labeled included small-medium, large-medium, and large cells, but very few small
      cells. A nasal-temporal difference in the soma size of ganglion cells projecting
      to the SC was found: Labeled cells in temporal retina were 1.7-4.2 micrometers
      larger than their counterparts in nasal retina. Following injection of HRP into
      the LGNd, label was seen in contralateral nasal and ipsilateral temporal retina
      with no label seen in contralateral temporal retina. The labeled cells were small
      medium, large-medium, and large. No small ganglion cells were labeled from the
      LGNd. A small nasal-temporal soma size difference in retinal ganglion cells
      projecting to the LGNd was seen: labeled cells in temporal retina were 1.0-2.1
      micrometers larger than in nasal. It is concluded that all four ganglion cell
      size groups in the opossum project to the SC, but that only the three largest
      project to the LGNd.

PMID- 6826790
TI  - Location and distribution of tracheosyringeal motorneuron somata in the fowl.
AB  - Injection of horseradish peroxidase solution (HRP) into the tracheosyringeal
      musculature and tongue of the domestic chick labeled their motorneuron somata in
      the medulla. Those of tracheosyringeal motor neurons occupied the caudal portions
      of the nucleus nervi hypoglossi (n. XII), whereas those for motor neurons
      supplying the tongue occupied the rostral part. The rostrocaudal representations
      of tracheolateralis, sternotrachealis, and ypsilotrachealis muscles were roughly
      mapped by the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled somata in n. XII. Except for
      sparse labeling found in the caudal part of the dorsal vagal nucleus of a few
      animals, no labeled cells were found outside of n. XII. Most tracheosyringeal
      injections labeled contralateral n. XII, but section of the contralateral
      tracheosyringeal nerve high on the neck prior to HRP injection abolished this
      labeling.

PMID- 6826791
TI  - Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis: new concepts, diagnosis, and mycology.
AB  - The nomenclature for the mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi should represent
      the combined clinical, pathologic, and mycologic relationships exhibited in the
      diseases. Chromoblastomycosis encompasses chronic, localized infections of the
      cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues that contain sclerotic bodies and
      histologically show hyperkeratotic pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with
      keratolytic microabscess formation in the epidermis. In contrast,
      phaeohyphomycosis is a collective term for a heterogeneous group of mycotic
      infections that contain dematiaceous yeastlike cells, pseudohyphae-like elements,
      hyphae, or any combination of these forms in tissue. The terms superficial,
      cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, and systemic phaeohyphomycosis are proposed
      for the major categories of phaeohyphomycosis. The term chromomycosis is rejected
      for mycoses caused by the dematiaceous fungi.

PMID- 6826792
TI  - An unusual case of calcinosis cutis.
AB  - A case of calcinosis cutis is presented in a patient with hypercalcemia of
      unknown etiology. The axillae and inguinal areas were involved and the clinical
      and histologic picture is compared with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. We propose that
      the similarities between the two diseases stem from a common origin in damaged
      elastic fibers.

PMID- 6826793
TI  - Porokeratosis (Mibelli): treatment with topical 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - The case history of a patient with a solitary classic porokeratosis (Mibelli) on
      the hand is described. The lesion cleared without scarring with the use of
      topical 5-fluorouracil until a strong dermatitis was elicited, thus avoiding
      surgery and attendant restriction of function. No sign of recurrence developed in
      the following 2 years. The potential for malignant change in porokeratosis
      (Mibelli) and its resistance to topical treatment as documented in the literature
      are also reviewed.

PMID- 6826794
TI  - Congenital pilar and smooth muscle nevus.
AB  - A case of congenital pilar and smooth muscle nevus (CPSMN) is reported. CPSMN is
      a distinct clinical and histologic entity characterized by prominent vellus hairs
      accompanying a proliferation of smooth muscle within the reticular dermis.
      Plaquelike elevation and mild hyperpigmentation are variable features of this
      unusual organoid nevus.

PMID- 6826795
TI  - The importance of correct diagnosis in variegate porphyria.

PMID- 6826796
TI  - Ochronosis due to hydroquinone.

PMID- 6826797
TI  - Topical acyclovir caution.

PMID- 6826798
TI  - Contributors to dermatopathology.

PMID- 6826800
TI  - Vitamin E as a useful therapeutic agent.

PMID- 6826799
TI  - Essential fatty acid deficiency after intestinal bypass.

PMID- 6826801
TI  - TENS electrode irritation.

PMID- 6826802
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy for pernio.

PMID- 6826803
TI  - Premature sebaceous gland hyperplasia.

PMID- 6826804
TI  - Vitiligo and psoriasis.

PMID- 6826805
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa or systemic mastocytosis?

PMID- 6826806
TI  - Minidose heparin therapy for vasculitis of atrophie blanche.
AB  - Atrophie blanche vasculitis is due to thromboocclusion of dermal blood vessels. A
      28-year-old white man with a very severe case of this disease had a complete
      remission when he was treated with minidose heparin sodium injections. As little
      as 5,000 U of heparin every 3 days controlled his vasculitis. Further reduction
      of heparin dose resulted in an exacerbation of disease which was controlled with
      more vigorous heparin therapy. The role of minidose heparin in cutaneous disease
      is discussed.

PMID- 6826807
TI  - Acute variegate porphyria following a Scarsdale Gourmet Diet.
AB  - Symptoms of porphyria developed in a 34-year-old woman following 3 weeks of a low
      carbohydrate diet. Reversal of a comatose state was obtained following multiple
      infusions of hematin. The diagnosis of variegate porphyria was made from the
      pattern of quantitative urine and stool porphyrins and a plasma fluorescence that
      was maximal at 626 nm. This fluorescence wavelength maxima also was found in the
      plasma of two family members screened for latent porphyria.

PMID- 6826808
TI  - Cutaneous malignant histiocytosis: a clinical and histopathologic study of eight
      cases, with immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - Eight cases of autopsy-proved malignant histiocytosis (MH) are reported, in which
      cutaneous involvement was a prominent finding at initial clinical presentation.
      In two patients, the disease remained confined to the skin for significant
      periods before systemic dissemination appeared. Immunohistochemical analysis of
      cutaneous infiltrates of MH showed uniform negativity of the atypical cells for
      lysozyme, immunoglobulin light chain, glycogen, and chloroacetate esterase
      content. In five cases, cytochemical stains for acid phosphatase, butyrate
      (nonspecific) esterase, chloroacetate esterase, and peroxidase activity were
      performed on bone marrow aspirates containing malignant cells; all demonstrated
      diffuse positivity for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, and negativity
      for peroxidase and chloroacetate esterase. Touch-imprint preparations of
      cutaneous lesions in one of these cases yielded identical results. These findings
      indicate that cytochemical methods are preferable to immunohistochemical technics
      in identification of histiocytic malignancies and that foci of skin involvement
      may provide a useful source for such diagnostic evaluation.

PMID- 6826809
TI  - Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis.
AB  - We present four cases of spreading pigmented actinic keratoses, an only recently
      described pigmented lesion of sun-exposed areas, in which the histologic
      appearance is that of actinic keratosis with the additional feature of excessive
      melanin deposition in the lower epidermis and in the upper dermis. Clinically, it
      is a brown patch or plaque with a smooth surface, usually larger than 1 cm, that
      tends to spread centrifugally. Clinical differential diagnoses include seborrheic
      keratosis, melanocytic nevus, senile lentigo, lentigo maligna, and lentigo
      maligna melanoma. This pigmented lesion is probably much more common than the
      existing literature would indicate.

PMID- 6826812
TI  - Etretinate therapy for psoriasis: clinical responses, remission times, epidermal
      DNA and polyamine responses.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out over 12 months involving twenty patients with
      psoriasis vulgaris who were treated with all-trans-aromatic derivative of vitamin
      A, etretinate. Etretinate was found to be an effective therapy for this skin
      disorder. Arthritis accompanying psoriasis vulgaris in four of seven of our
      patients was greatly improved by retinoid therapy. Side effects were found to be
      dose-related and included mucocutaneous abnormalities as well as abnormalities of
      blood lipids and liver function tests. Maintenance therapy appears to be required
      in nearly all patients, with relapse occurring within approximately 8 weeks.
      Polyamine biosynthesis has been determined previously to be accelerated in
      patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Polyamines (putrescine [Pu], spermidine [Sp],
      and spermine [Sm] were measured in skin samples of six patients with stable
      plaque-stage psoriasis before treatment and at 4 weeks during treatment. Pu, Sp,
      Sm levels, as well as the Sp/Sm ratio, fell. Epidermal DNA synthesis is increased
      in involved and noninvolved psoriatic skin; it was measured before and during
      treatment (at 4 weeks) in this study and found not to fall significantly during
      this period of time. Polyamine levels therefore decreased prior to any
      significant expected decrease in epidermal DNA synthesis measured in both
      involved and uninvolved skin.

PMID- 6826811
TI  - The clinicopathologic spectrum of lymphomatoid papulosis: study of 31 cases.
AB  - Herein we review the Mayo Clinic experience with thirty-one cases of lymphomatoid
      papulosis seen since 1965. All patients had chronic, recurrent, and self-healing
      erythematous papulonodular lesions, which often became pustular, ulcerated, and
      resolved with scarring. The clinical features often corresponded to those seen in
      Mucha-Habermann disease; however, the predominant histopathologic feature was an
      infiltrate composed primarily of atypical lymphoid cells suggestive of malignant
      lymphoma. In six patients, a lymphoproliferative disorder was eventually
      diagnosed. There were two cases of mycosis fungoides (stage I), one case of
      nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, and three cases of malignant lymphoma--one
      diffuse mixed large and small cell type with features of T-immunoblastic type,
      one diffuse large cell type, and one follicular small cleaved cell type. The
      clinical course of the lymphomatoid papulosis was unaffected by chemotherapy for
      the lymphoproliferative disorder. Our data indicate that, with sufficient
      duration of follow-up, malignant lymphoma may develop in some patients with
      lymphomatoid papulosis.

PMID- 6826810
TI  - Crystalline lamellae in the endothelial cells of a type of hemangioma
      characterized by the proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes-
      angioblastoma (Nakagawa).
AB  - Two babies were found to have large hemangiomas. Histologically there were many
      islands of compactly packed mesenchymal cells in the deep dermis and subcutaneous
      tissue. Electron microscopically there was proliferation of immature endothelial
      cells and pericytes. Characteristic crystalline lamellae were in the endothelial
      cells. Our two cases seemed to be an independent entity from other benign
      angiomas because of the distinct clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural
      features. The suggested diagnosis was angioblastoma (Nakagawa; Miki and
      Matsumoto), hypertrophic hemangioma (Watson and McCarthy), and benign
      hemangioendothelioma (Stout).

PMID- 6826813
TI  - Hydroa vacciniforme: induction of lesions with ultraviolet A.
AB  - Hydroa vacciniforme is a rare photosensitivity disorder with onset in childhood.
      The distinctive lesion is a vesicle which heals with scarring. We report a case
      of hydroa vacciniforme in which an abnormal minimal erythema dose to wavelengths
      of 322 to 370 nm within the ultraviolet A (UVA) range was demonstrated. Vesicles
      could be induced only with multiple exposures to UVA. Increased tolerance to UVA
      erythema was induced by multiple UVB exposures, although tanning was poor. Of
      note were the presence of several halo nevi and a history of the loss of ability
      to tan. The clinical features and appropriate laboratory evaluation of hydroa
      vacciniforme are reviewed.

PMID- 6826814
TI  - Treatment of staphylococcal skin infections: a comparison of cephalexin and
      dicloxacillin.
AB  - Cephalexin, given twice daily, and dicloxacillin, given four times daily, were
      compared in a randomly controlled study for the treatment of staphylococcal skin
      and skin structure infections. Among 70 evaluable patients, 57 had staphylococcal
      bullous impetigo. The remaining 13 patients had bullous impetigo with
      streptococcal or mixed streptococcal-staphylococcal cultures (6 patients),
      abscess (4 patients), or cellulitis with pyoderma (3 patients). Staphylococci
      were recovered from lesions of 64 of the 70 evaluable patients; all strains were
      sensitive to both cephalexin and dicloxacillin, but only 2 of the 64 strains were
      susceptible to penicillin G. Cephalexin and dicloxacillin proved equally
      effective. Treatment failures were uncommon (1 patient in each group), and
      recurrences (3 patients in each group) were limited to patients with bullous
      impetigo. In general, patients with staphylococcal bullous impetigo responded
      promptly, with clearing of lesions evident within the first week, but delayed
      healing with persistence of staphylococci in lesions was more common in the group
      receiving dicloxacillin. Twice-daily dosing with oral antibiotics is obviously
      convenient and may enhance compliance. Twice-daily therapy with cephalexin for
      staphylococcal skin and skin structure infections can be recommended with
      confidence.

PMID- 6826817
TI  - Should dermatologists be immunized against hepatitis B?

PMID- 6826815
TI  - Dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Fingertip dermatoglyphic patterns of forty-five patients with atopic dermatitis
      were compared to those of sixty nonatopic dermatologic patients, twenty-one of
      whom had hand dermatitis. The average number of digits in which linear grooves
      were detected was significantly higher in the atopic group than in the nonatopic
      controls (p less than 0.005). Three or more digits with linear grooves were found
      in 95.2% of atopic patients with hand dermatitis and in 61.9% of controls with
      hand dermatitis (p less than 0.005). A greater number of digits displaying linear
      grooves was found in control patients with hand dermatitis than in control
      patients without hand dermatitis. However, atopic patients with hand dermatitis
      had, on the average, an even greater number of digits with linear grooves than
      did control patients with hand dermatitis (p less than 0.005). These findings
      suggest that linear grooves, although associated with hand dermatitis in general,
      are more commonly found in patients with atopic hand dermatitis. Although a
      significant increase in the whorl pattern was detected in female, but not in
      male, atopic patients when compared to sex-matched control groups (p less than
      0.0025), this increase was significant only in Caucasian females when compared to
      sex- and race-matched controls (p less than 0.0005).

PMID- 6826818
TI  - Is mycosis fungoides a unique lymphoma?

PMID- 6826819
TI  - Punctate porokeratosis [syndrome].

PMID- 6826816
TI  - Disseminate sporotrichosis of skin and bone cured with 5-fluorocytosine:
      Photosensitivity as a complication.
AB  - Disseminate cutaneous and osseous sporotrichosis is reported in a patient who
      failed to respond to 6 months of iodide therapy. Although the patient showed
      improvement on a 2-month course of amphotericin B, he experienced a fulminant
      relapse 12 days after the amphotericin B was stopped. Cure was achieved after 6
      months of 5-fluorocytosine (8 gm/day) in conjunction with amphotericin B (total,
      4.8 gm). The fluorocytosine was continued for an entire year. Two years after all
      treatment was discontinued the patient remained in good health. The only
      complication was a marked photosensitivity associated with the 5-fluorocytosine
      therapy. This is the second case of such photosensitivity in the literature.

PMID- 6826820
TI  - The much-maligned dhobie.

PMID- 6826821
TI  - Basal cell tumor with eccrine differentiation.

PMID- 6826822
TI  - Source of Majocchi's granuloma.

PMID- 6826823
TI  - Sporotrichosis of the skin with spontaneous cure--report of a second case.

PMID- 6826824
TI  - Nail fold capillary microscopy.

PMID- 6826825
TI  - IXth Postgraduate Seminar in Pediatric Dermatology. Miami, FL, Feb. 25-28, 1982.

PMID- 6826826
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in Wilson disease.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans of the head and liver were obtained in 13
      patients with Wilson disease, and the results were compared with computed
      tomography (CT). Twelve age and sex matched normal controls were also scanned
      with NMR. The subjects were scanned using repeated free induction decay (RFID),
      inversion-recovery (IR), and spin-echo (SE) sequences. The IR scans of the brain
      provided excellent anatomical localisation while SE scans highlighted
      pathological areas. Within the brain, NMR demonstrated abnormalities in two
      patients with normal CT scans. More extensive involvement was shown with NMR in
      three additional cases. In the liver, NMR and CT showed similar abnormalities of
      morphology. T1 values were within the normal range in all cases, including three
      patients with high liver copper levels at the time of NMR examination.

PMID- 6826827
TI  - Computed tomography in renal ischemia.
AB  - Postcontrast computed tomography in 2 patients with renal ischemia demonstrated
      the presence of patchy wedge-shaped high density areas in the renal parenchyma.
      These abnormalities were transient and gradually reverted to normal after
      correction of the ischemic incident. We propose that these findings were
      secondary to vasoconstriction and postulate that similar changes may be expected
      in other conditions where renal blood flow redistribution or vasoconstriction, or
      both, occur.

PMID- 6826828
TI  - Dynamic computed tomography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation
      of splenorenal shunt patency.
AB  - Dynamic computed tomography (CT) and real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasonography
      were performed in 13 patients following a distal end-to-side splenorenal shunt
      (Warren procedure). The results were correlated with angiography. The anastomotic
      site was demonstrated by CT in all patients. Coincident enhancement of the distal
      splenic vein and left renal vein as demonstrated by dynamic CT was an accurate
      predictor of shunt patency. Ultrasound studies were performed using a
      transsplenic coronal imaging approach. Although the proximal splenic vein and
      left renal vein could be identified, it was not possible to directly evaluate the
      anastomotic site in any patients. Dynamic CT evaluation of splenorenal shunts may
      be a useful technique for monitoring shunt patency during long term follow-up and
      for evaluating patients who later rebleed.

PMID- 6826829
TI  - CT scanning for the follow-up of corticosteroid treatment of primary
      retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 6826830
TI  - Element-sensitive computed tomography with fast neutrons.
AB  - Neutrons and X-rays are mathematically equivalent as probes in computed
      tomography. However, structure in the energy dependence of neutron total cross
      sections and the feasibility of using time-of-flight techniques for energy
      sensitivity in neutron detection suggest that spatial distributions of specific
      substances can be determined from neutron transmission data. We demonstrate that
      this is possible by tomographically reconstructing from such data a phantom
      containing several different structural materials.

PMID- 6826831
TI  - The operculum syndrome.
AB  - A 48-year-old man presented with signs of pseudobulbar palsy. On computed
      tomography (CT) he was found to have extensive tissue loss in the region of the
      sylvian fissure and insula bilaterally. This appearance on CT represents the
      radiological correlate to anatomic descriptions of the operculum syndrome, and is
      useful in distinguishing the condition from pseudobulbar palsy.

PMID- 6826832
TI  - Postmortem computed tomography in a diving fatality.
AB  - Determination of the exact cause of death in diving casualties is usually
      difficult at autopsy. In such cases, formation of gas in various organs is
      sometimes supposed to be causative, and thus establishment of the exact
      distribution of gas is crucial. This is not possible by conventional autopsy
      techniques. In the head of a 20-year-old navy diver who died during a dive to a
      maximum depth of 43 m, it was possible to demonstrate the distribution of gas by
      cerebral computed tomography. Gas was also found by conventional X-ray
      examination of the right ventricle and by pulmonary angiography in the pulmonary
      arteries. It seems probable that the attempted resuscitation was unsuccessful
      because of ongoing decompression sickness.

PMID- 6826833
TI  - Interlobar pleural plaque mimicking a lung nodule in a patient with asbestos
      exposure.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) is generally superior to plain chest radiographs in
      differentiating pleural and pulmonary parenchymal lesions. We report a patient
      with asbestos exposure who had a rare interlobar pleural plaque involving the
      major fissure. In this patient CT suggested the presence of a lung nodule but the
      lateral chest radiograph indicated the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6826834
TI  - Carney syndrome: usefulness of computed tomography in demonstrating pulmonary
      chondromas.
AB  - A case of Carney syndrome (gastric leiomyosarcoma, functioning extra-adrenal
      paragangliomas, and pulmonary chondroma) is reported. Radiologists should be
      aware of the possible association of these three types of lesion. Computed
      tomography is valuable in the recognition of pulmonary chondromas.

PMID- 6826836
TI  - Mediastinal parathyroid cyst.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) accurately demonstrated the cystic nature of a superior
      mediastinal mass, which was confirmed at thoracotomy to be a parathyroid cyst. To
      our knowledge this is the only case of a mediastinal parathyroid cyst
      characterized preoperatively by CT.

PMID- 6826835
TI  - Computed tomography of glomus tympanicum tumors.
AB  - Previously it has been very difficult or impossible for radiologists to delineate
      accurately the size and extent of glomus tympanicum tumors. By utilizing axial
      transverse and coronal computed tomography detailed enlargement techniques we
      have been able to accurately demonstrate four such lesions. We believe that this
      mode of investigation is now the method of choice for glomus tympanicum tumors.

PMID- 6826837
TI  - Asymptomatic carrier state in Wilson disease.

PMID- 6826838
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome: computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings.
AB  - A case of Budd-Chiari syndrome is presented in which computed tomography (CT) and
      ultrasonography suggested the correct diagnosis and excluded adjacent tumor as
      the cause of hepatic vein occlusion. The CT appearance in this case
      (homogeneously increased attenuation of an enlarged caudate lobe) differed from
      the appearance previously reported (patchy liver enhancement) in Budd-Chiari
      syndrome. Underlying mechanisms responsible for the different CT appearance are
      discussed.

PMID- 6826840
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of a renal cyst.

PMID- 6826839
TI  - Renal cyst wall thickening following percutaneous aspiration.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) is an accurate and efficient means for evaluating and
      characterizing renal masses. Using established criteria, benign cortical cysts
      may be accurately differentiated from complex cysts or solid renal lesions. We
      report a case of cyst wall thickening simulating a cystic tumor that occurred
      after percutaneous aspiration of a simple renal cyst.

PMID- 6826841
TI  - Acquired renal oxalosis.

PMID- 6826842
TI  - Computed tomography of ureterovesical schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6826843
TI  - Computed tomography of the lower urinary tract in schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6826844
TI  - Diagnosis of lithokelyphos by computed tomography.
AB  - An incidental stone child, lithokelyphos, presented as an undiagnosed abdominal
      mass in a woman with cervical cancer. Lithopedion formation is an uncommon result
      of an abdominal pregnancy. The types of lithopedions as well as their method of
      formation and clinical features are reviewed. In addition, the computed
      tomographic features of lithopedions are presented.

PMID- 6826845
TI  - Chronic cerebral granuloma secondary to calcified worm.

PMID- 6826846
TI  - Lipoma of the hepatic falciform ligament.

PMID- 6826847
TI  - Use of infusion pump for intravenous enhanced computed tomography.
AB  - For enhanced computed tomography, rapid injections through small bore needles can
      be easily accomplished utilizing an infusion pump. A reduction in radiation
      exposure to medical personnel is an associated benefit.

PMID- 6826848
TI  - CT assessment of thoracic extension and of concomitant lesions in
      syringohydromyelia.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) myelography, when used with metrizamide, permits a
      reliable demonstration of syringohydromyelic cavities in the cervical spinal
      cord. We report 6 cases of cervical syrinx demonstrated by high-resolution CT 4 h
      after metrizamide myelography; these cavities, which were not suspected
      clinically, extended into the thoracic cord. In addition 4 cases were associated
      with Chiari Type 1 malformation and 1 case was associated with both Chiari Type 1
      malformation and infratentorial arachnoid cyst. We recommend that CT evaluation
      of cervical syringohydromyelia routinely include the thoracic spine, in order to
      demonstrate possible thoracic extension of the cavity. Scans of the foramen
      magnum are also recommended, because of the possibility of concomitant lesions,
      especially Chiari Type 1 malformation.

PMID- 6826850
TI  - Computed tomography of the craniocervical junction in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis had computed tomographic
      examination of the craniocervical junction. This demonstrated soft tissue
      features which have not previously been described in published reports. A low
      attenuation lesion between the odontoid and the transverse ligament shown in 11
      patients was considered a premonitory sign of rupture of the transverse ligament
      or a manifestation of active disease. Computed tomography revealed spinal cord
      compression in 3 patients and ligamentous changes in the transverse ligament and
      the alar and spinal ligaments in 26 patients. Erosion of the odontoid was shown
      in 19 patients and subluxation in 20 patients. No relationship could be found
      between the clinical signs and symptoms and the radiological abnormalities except
      in the case of cord compression.

PMID- 6826849
TI  - Computed tomography of spinal tuberculosis.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) features of nine documented cases of spinal
      tuberculosis are analyzed. The mechanisms of vertebral involvement are reviewed.
      The ability of CT to facilitate the diagnosis as well as to delineate the extent
      of soft tissue involvement is emphasized. The need for increased alertness to the
      diagnosis of tuberculosis is stressed.

PMID- 6826851
TI  - Computed tomography of the left retrobronchial stripe.
AB  - Posterior to the left hilum, lung contacts and outlines the posterior wall of the
      left main bronchus, producing a stripe of density (left retrobronchial stripe)
      visible using computed tomography. Thickening or nodularity of the stripe,
      resulting in separation of air in lung from air in the bronchial lumen often
      reflects tumor infiltration of the bronchial wall, or lymphadenopathy.
      Consolidation of the lower lobe can obliterate the stripe, but, because the
      pleural space does not extend posterior to the bronchial wall, pleural effusion
      generally will not.

PMID- 6826852
TI  - Computed tomography of mediastinal teratomas.

PMID- 6826853
TI  - Dynamic computed tomography and duplex ultrasonography: adjuncts to arterial
      portography.
AB  - The applications and limitations of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) in
      defining the extrahepatic portal system is discussed in the context of three
      separate cases in which the CT examination was used as an adjunct to an
      incomplete arterial portogram examination. Dynamic CT may be useful when
      excessive contrast dilution precludes the visualization of major venous
      structures during arterial portography. Real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasonography
      is another complementary test but more limited in application than dynamic CT.
      Patency and flow direction in the proximal splenic vein, portal vein, and hepatic
      vein can be defined by the ultrasonic technique.

PMID- 6826854
TI  - Correlative craniospinal anatomy studies by computed tomography and
      cryomicrotomy.
AB  - To produce accurate correlating anatomical reference material, fresh frozen
      craniospinal cadaver specimens were examined in a computed tomography (CT)
      scanner and sectioned through on a large-format cryomicrotome in the identical
      plane. Macrophotography of the surface of the specimen during the course of
      trimming rendered undistorted sectional--anatomical images showing in great
      detail the morphological structures of the corresponding CT scan.

PMID- 6826856
TI  - The primary mental health project: seven consecutive years of program outcome
      research.

PMID- 6826855
TI  - Abnormal colonic wall thickening on computed tomography.
AB  - There are many disease processes, both inflammatory and neoplastic, which can
      alter the colonic bowel wall. A retrospective study was done on surgically proven
      cases of colonic disease in which colonic bowel wall abnormalities were
      identified by computed tomography. Colonic bowel wall thickening was the most
      common finding, but was nonspecific. Finger-like projections extending from the
      bowel wall into the surrounding mesentery did help distinguish inflammatory
      change from neoplastic change. Examples of diverticulitis, appendicitis, Crohn's
      disease, carcinoma, lymphoma, and metastatic disease are presented.

PMID- 6826857
TI  - Neuropsychological test performance in mildly hypoxemic patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6826858
TI  - Physical contact in interactions between clinicians and young children.

PMID- 6826860
TI  - School-based intervention for adolescent obesity: analysis of treatment, randomly
      selected control, and self-selected control subjects.

PMID- 6826859
TI  - Social desirability: its relevance to the measurement of hopelessness and
      suicidal behavior.

PMID- 6826862
TI  - Change in irrational beliefs and the outcome of rational-emotive psychotherapy.

PMID- 6826861
TI  - Mood and weight loss in a behavioral treatment program.

PMID- 6826863
TI  - An apology for research integration in the study of psychotherapy.

PMID- 6826864
TI  - Assessing the statistical and social importance of the effects of psychotherapy.

PMID- 6826865
TI  - Comparative therapy outcome research: methodological implications of meta
      analysis.

PMID- 6826866
TI  - Meta-analysis and the evaluation of psychotherapy outcome: limitations and
      liabilities.

PMID- 6826867
TI  - The meta-analytic revolution in outcome research.

PMID- 6826868
TI  - Integrating research evidence: a commentary on meta-analysis.

PMID- 6826869
TI  - The quality of forensic evaluations: an interdisciplinary study.

PMID- 6826870
TI  - Parental perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting self-esteem, and
      mothers' reported stress in younger and older hyperactive and normal children.

PMID- 6826871
TI  - A special cryosurgery issue.

PMID- 6826872
TI  - Cryosurgery combined with scissor excision.

PMID- 6826873
TI  - The razor curet (revisited) and the twin-blade scalpel.

PMID- 6826874
TI  - A comparison of instrument methods of monitoring freezing in cryosurgery.

PMID- 6826875
TI  - Use of thermocouples in cryosurgery.

PMID- 6826876
TI  - Depth dose in cryosurgery.
AB  - Depth dose can be estimated by instrumental or clinical methods. The physician
      learning to treat lesions is advised to use both methods together until
      confidence in techniques is gained. With experience clinical methods can be used
      confidently with benign lesions and basal-cell carcinomas in the upper 3 mm of
      skin. Instrumental supplemental monitoring should be used with malignant lesions
      capable of metastasis, basal-cell carcinomas deeper than 3 mm, and in treating
      any lesion in a location where extreme accuracy of depth dose evaluation is
      advantageous.

PMID- 6826877
TI  - Cryosurgical treatment of large basal-cell carcinomas on the trunk.

PMID- 6826878
TI  - Case report: prolonged cure of extensive primary and recurrent cancers of the
      skin by aggressive cryosurgery.
AB  - A prolonged cure of extensive primary and recurrent cancers of the skin by
      cryosurgery is reported. The patient had involvement of approximately 95 cm2 of
      her face with carcinomas, primarily of basal-cell type, which had been refractory
      to all previous x-ray and conventional surgical therapies rendered during a 6
      year span. Aggressive cryosurgery utilizing six systematically designed
      "overlapping fields" of ice blocks was rendered to this entire area during a 1
      month period as office surgical procedures under local anesthesia.

PMID- 6826879
TI  - Cryosurgery cure rate of premalignant leukoplakia of the lower lip.

PMID- 6826880
TI  - Statistical data on malignant tumors in cryosurgery: 1982.

PMID- 6826881
TI  - Characterization and seasonal distribution of breeding sites of stable flies and
      house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on eastern Nebraska feedlots and dairies.

PMID- 6826883
TI  - Controlling horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in cow-calf herds with insecticide
      impregnated ear tag treatments of nursing calves.

PMID- 6826882
TI  - Insect growth regulators in baits: methoprene acceptability to foragers and
      effect on larval eastern yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).

PMID- 6826884
TI  - Horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control on cattle with insecticide ear tags attached
      to backrubbers and dust bags.

PMID- 6826885
TI  - Strategic treatment of pastured beef cattle with acaricides: effect on
      populations of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 6826886
TI  - [Interaction of mutant genes fi, or and mi in the morphogenesis of the mouse
      eye].

PMID- 6826887
TI  - [New products of the microbial degradation of ordram].

PMID- 6826888
TI  - [Microbial degradation of the organophosphate insecticide phosalone].

PMID- 6826889
TI  - Effect of continuous traffic noise on percentage of deep sleep, waking, and sleep
      latency.
AB  - When subjected to alternating quiet nights (32 dB) and noise nights (equivalent
      levels of 47 dB) a group of 14 subjects showed an average increase in the
      fraction of deep sleep of about 2.5% resulting from the traffic noise. Another
      group of 12 subjects whose noise nights were at 60 dB had an average of 4.6%
      increase in deep sleep during these nights. The number of wakings also increased
      for both groups but, as was found before, this adapted rapidly with the number of
      nights. The average latency of sleep onset does not appear to be affected by the
      traffic noise but individual differences are great and may be of opposite sign.
      Latency of sleep onset and waking both show appreciable "laboratory effect" which
      takes longer to disappear than the one or two nights usually assumed.

PMID- 6826890
TI  - Estimation of the area function of human ear canals by sound pressure
      measurements.
AB  - A method to determine the "area function" of a duct, i.e., the variation of the
      cross section along the middle axis of the duct is described. It is shown that it
      is sufficient to measure the sound pressure at three locations in the duct to get
      knowledge of the area function. The calculated approximation fits the true area
      function the better the broader the bandwidth of the sound pressure signals is
      chosen. The bandwidth is bounded by the condition that no higher modes of sound
      propagation must be excited. In principle, the area function can be determined by
      solving a linear system of equations and executing a simple iterative algorithm.
      Some more work however is necessary to stabilize the computation against
      unavoidable small measuring errors. The calculated area function reproduces the
      acoustical transformation characteristics with good precision. In spite of this
      the calculated area function may disagree with the real area function in some
      regions, especially at the edges. Such errors occur, if the deviations of the
      area function from constant cross section correspond to frequencies outside the
      range of measurement. The method was applied to determine the area function of
      human ear canals and the results are presented.

PMID- 6826891
TI  - Measurement of the eardrum impedance of human ears.
AB  - The determination of an acoustical impedance requires measurements of pressure
      and volume velocity. As no direct method is available for measuring velocity in
      an ear canal, a technique was developed which is based on pure pressure
      measurements. The ear canal is used as a measuring tube, the area function of
      which is also deduced from the pressure measurements. High-frequency measurements
      in living subjects involve many sources of errors. A criterion for deciding if a
      good measurement has been made is given. The technique of measurements is
      described, regarding both the use of probe tube microphones and the computer
      aided data recording. Finally, the results are presented, and some comments are
      given. A reliable interpretation of the results seems to be impossible because of
      lack of our knowledge of the middle ear function at high frequencies.

PMID- 6826892
TI  - The acoustic reflex threshold in aging ears.
AB  - This study investigates the controversy regarding the influence of age on the
      acoustic reflex threshold for broadband noise, 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz
      activators between Jerger et al. [Mono. Contemp. Audiol. 1 (1978)] and Jerger [J.
      Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979)] on the one hand and Silman [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66
      (1979)] and others on the other. The acoustic reflex thresholds for broadband
      noise, 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz activators were evaluated under two
      measurement conditions. Seventy-two normal-hearing ears were drawn from 72
      subjects ranging in age from 20-69 years. The results revealed that age was
      correlated with the acoustic reflex threshold for BBN activator but not for any
      of the tonal activators; the correlation was stronger under the 1-dB than under
      the 5-dB measurement condition. Also, the mean acoustic reflex thresholds for
      broadband noise activator were essentially similar to those reported by Jerger et
      al. (1978) but differed from those obtained in this study under the 1-dB
      measurement condition.

PMID- 6826894
TI  - Additivity of simultaneous masking.
AB  - Simultaneous masking functions (signal level at threshold versus masker level)
      were obtained for equally intense maskers presented individually and in pairs.
      The signal was a 2.0-kHz sinusoid. The pairs of maskers were (1) two sinusoids
      with frequencies 1.9 and 2.1 kHz, (2) two narrow bands of noise (50 Hz wide)
      centered at 1.9 and 2.1 kHz, (3) two narrow bands of noise (50 Hz wide) centered
      at 1.8 and 1.9 kHz, and (4) the 1.9-kHz sinusoid combined with the narrow band of
      noise centered at 2.1 kHz. The pairs of maskers produced anywhere from 10 to 17
      dB of masking beyond that predicted from the simple sum of the masking produced
      by the individual maskers. The amount of this "additional masking" was
      independent of masker level. Adding a continuous low level background noise
      reduced the amount of additional masking only slightly (approximately 5 dB). The
      data are consistent with a model in which the effects of the maskers are summed
      after undergoing independent compressive transformations.

PMID- 6826893
TI  - ABR measurements in the cat using a forward-masking paradigm.
AB  - Probe-elicited wave V amplitudes of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) were
      measured using a forward-masking paradigm. Subjects were anesthetized cats. For
      individual experiments, probe frequency and intensity were fixed and masker
      frequencies and intensities were varied. For each masker frequency, the extent to
      which the probe-elicited wave V amplitude was reduced by the preceding masker was
      plotted as a function of masker intensity. The rising segments of the masking
      functions were fitted with straight lines, using a least-squares procedure, to
      obtain estimates of their slopes. Masking grew most rapidly for masker
      frequencies below probe frequency, becoming progressively less steep as masker
      frequency increased. ABR tuning curves were constructed by using the linear fits
      to define the masker intensity that caused a 50% reduction in probe-elicited wave
      V amplitude. The shapes of these tuning curves were comparable to whole-nerve
      action potential (AP) tuning curves obtained under similar stimulus conditions.
      These results indicate that ABR amplitude measurements in a forward-masking
      paradigm can be used to estimate the growth of response to masking stimuli and
      frequency selectivity in a manner similar to AP amplitude measurements.

PMID- 6826895
TI  - An analysis of psychophysical tuning curves in normal and pathological ears.
AB  - Simultaneous psychophysical tuning curves were obtained from normal-hearing and
      hearing-impaired listeners, using probe tones that were either at similar sound
      pressure levels or at similar sensation levels for the two types of listeners.
      Tuning curves from the hearing-impaired listeners were flat, erratic, broad,
      and/or inverted, depending upon the frequency region of the probe tone and the
      frequency characteristics of the hearing loss. Tuning curves from the normal
      hearing listeners at low-SPL's were sharp as expected; tuning curves at high
      SPL's were discontinuous. An analysis of high-SPL tuning curves suggests that
      tuning curves from normal-hearing listeners reflect low-pass filter
      characteristics instead of the sharp bandpass filter characteristics seen with
      low-SPL probe tones. Tuning curves from hearing-impaired listeners at high-SPL
      probe levels appear to reflect similar low-pass filter characteristics, but with
      much more gradual high-frequency slopes than in the normal ear. This appeared as
      abnormal downward spread of masking. Relatively good temporal resolution and
      broader tuning mechanisms were proposed to explain inverted tuning curves in the
      hearing-impaired listeners.

PMID- 6826896
TI  - Intensity perception. XII. Effect of presentation probability on absolute
      identification.
AB  - Identification experiments using 13 tone-pulse stimuli (1000 Hz, 500 ms) spaced
      by equal decibel increments from 42 to 90 dB SPL were conducted under three
      conditions: all intensities equally likely (denoted Q), the middle intensity
      presented on roughly 1/3 of the trials (M), and each of the extreme intensities
      presented on roughly 1/5 of the trials (E). Experiments were performed both with
      and without feedback, and results were analyzed in terms of sensitivity and bias.
      Similar results were obtained with and without feedback: listeners generally
      shifted biases in the M and E conditions relative to the Q condition to increase
      percent-correct scores, but there were only minor changes in sensitivity from
      condition to condition. However, sensitivities were generally higher and biases
      more optimal when feedback was available. The results on sensitivity are
      consistent with those associated with payoff variation [Lippmann et al., J.
      Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 129-134 (1976)], but are inconsistent with those reported
      for presentation probability variation in tone frequency identification [Cuddy et
      al., J. Exp. Psychol. 100, 218-220 (1973)]. In an auxilliary experiment concerned
      with tone frequency identification, results consistent with those obtained for
      intensity, but inconsistent with those reported by Cuddy et al., were obtained.

PMID- 6826897
TI  - Tonal masking and frequency selectivity for the monaural and binaural hearing
      systems.
AB  - A series of masking experiments was performed with the aim of comparing frequency
      selectivity for the monaural and binaural systems. The masking stimulus used in
      this study combined a sinusoid, which was gated simultaneously with the signal,
      with a continuous broadband noise. Signal frequency was fixed at 500 Hz. In one
      condition, the tonal masker and noise were interaurally in phase and the signal
      was phase reversed. In a second condition, noise, tonal masker, and signal were
      presented to one ear alone. Signal thresholds were obtained as a function of
      masker frequency for these two conditions. After making an appropriate selection
      of noise levels, masking functions for the monaural and binaural system
      conditions were found to agree closely except for a region about their tips where
      the binaural condition was more detectable. Two possible interpretations of these
      results are discussed. Either the monaural and binaural systems contain filters
      each which have similarly shaped skirts, or the frequency selectivity observed
      under both diotic and dichotic conditions (for large frequency separations of
      masker and signal) reflect the operation of a common peripheral filter.

PMID- 6826898
TI  - Envelope representations of pinna impulse responses relating to three-dimensional
      localization of sound sources.
AB  - Acoustical impulse responses of the external ear system are measured in order to
      investigate human three-dimensional auditory localization. A sound source of
      electric spark discharge is presented in nine directions for each of four
      vertical planes, 1.5 m from the center of the subject's head. The results show
      that a human pinna works as a compound sound reflector which produces major
      reflected components within 350 microseconds. The relationship between the
      direction of the sound source and the impulse response is clearly shown by the
      use of an envelope formation technique and radial ray displays.

PMID- 6826899
TI  - A psychophysical evaluation of the dependence of hearing protector attenuation on
      noise level.
AB  - The attenuation characteristics of ten commercially available hearing protectors
      (five muffs and five plugs) were examined for 1/3-octave bands of noise centered
      at 1000, 2000, 3150, 4000, and 6300 Hz in ten normal-hearing young adults
      utilizing four psychophysical procedures. One of these procedures, the real-ear
      attenuation at threshold procedure described in the American standard for the
      evaluation of hearing protectors, is designed for use at 1/3-octave band noise
      levels below approximately 50 dB SPL. Three real-ear psychophysical procedures
      were also developed and evaluated. These procedures were: (1) a reaction-time
      paradigm; (2) a loudness magnitude-estimation procedure; and (3) a masked bone
      conduction threshold technique. Each procedure was designed to evaluate
      protectors for 1/3-octave bands of noise having levels ranging from approximately
      50 to 90 dB SPL. Mean data indicated that: (1) attenuation was linear over the
      range investigated, although some exceptions to this generalization were
      apparent; (2) attenuation estimates derived with the reaction-time and magnitude
      estimation paradigms were typically less than those obtained with the other two
      methods; and (3) all attenuation estimates, regardless of procedure, were less
      than manufacturer's specifications for the majority of the protectors.
      Implications for existing standards are discussed.

PMID- 6826900
TI  - A free-field equalizer for TDH 39 earphones.
AB  - The free-field response of TDH 39 earphones, mounted in MX 41/AR cushions, is
      determined by loudness comparisons in an anechoic chamber. Based on these data, a
      passive equalizing network with two resonances at 720 and 6000 Hz is developed
      and realized. When used with this free-field equalizer, the earphone TDH 39
      produces a free-field equivalent level independent of frequency within +/- 2.5 dB
      in the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 kHz. Because of the small differences between
      TDH 39 and TDH 49 earphones it is expected that the equalizer can also be
      successfully applied with the TDH 49.

PMID- 6826901
TI  - Human laryngeal responses to auditory stimulation.
AB  - In spite of various claims for the presence and functional significance of
      brainstem reflexes in phonatory control, very little is known about these
      reflexes in humans. The present study was aimed at studying auditory-laryngeal
      reflexes in human subjects during sustained phonation. Fourteen subjects
      sustained phonation at constant voice pitch and voice intensity while receiving
      auditory stimulation with clicks of different intensity levels. Electromyographic
      (EMG) recordings from the cricothyroid muscle were obtained in two of the
      subjects. The voice signal was transduced with a throat microphone and bandpass
      filtered to isolate the fundamental frequency (FO). The filtered signal was fed
      to a frequency meter, which yielded a voltage proportional to FO. This FO voltage
      and the rectified EMG were signal averaged relative to the click. Short-latency
      changes in FO (50 ms) and in cricothyroid EMG (11 ms) were observed in response
      to auditory stimulation. The magnitude of the EMG and FO responses were well
      correlated with each other and with the intensity of the stimulus. The EMG
      response did not habituate with repeated stimulation. The neuromuscular origins
      of the auditory-laryngeal reflexes and their significance to phonatory control
      are discussed.

PMID- 6826903
TI  - The effect of test difficulty on the sensitivity of speech discrimination tests.
AB  - The sensitivity of speech discrimination tests is defined as being large if a
      small change in experimental conditions causes a large and repeatable change in
      test score. The aim of this paper is to investigate ways by which test
      sensitivity can be maximized. The effect of test difficulty on sensitivity is
      examined by the use of a model based on signal detection theory and subjective
      similarity rating concepts. For several sets of assumptions about the parameters
      underlying the perceptual processes, the model indicates that test difficulty
      should be in the range 73% to 87% to achieve the maximum sensitivity with speech
      tests using between four and eight response foils. The model results also
      indicate that the sensitivity increases with the number of response foils. When
      the variation of test reliability with test difficulty is taken into account, the
      test difficulty which maximizes the sensitivity/reliability trade-off lies in the
      range 85% to 90%. It is argued that irrespective of the optimum test difficulty,
      a maximally sensitive test will contain items equal to one another in difficulty.

PMID- 6826902
TI  - Time-varying features as correlates of place of articulation in stop consonants.
AB  - Running spectral displays derived from linear prediction analysis were used to
      examine the initial 40 ms of stop-vowel CV syllables for possible acoustic
      correlates to place of articulation. Known spectral and temporal properties
      associated with the stop consonant release gesture were used to define a set of
      three-time-varying features observable in the visual displays. Judges identified
      place of articulation using these proposed features from running spectra of the
      syllables /b,d,g/paired with eight vowels produced by three talkers. Average
      correct identification of place was 88%; identification was better for the male
      talkers (92%) than the one female talker (78%). Post hoc analyses suggested,
      however, that simple rules could be incorporated in the feature definitions to
      account for differences in vocal tract size. The nature of the information
      contained in linear prediction running spectra was analyzed further to take
      account of known properties of the peripheral auditory system. The three proposed
      time-varying features were shown to be displayed robustly in auditory filtered
      running spectra. The advantages of describing acoustic correlates for place from
      the dynamically varying temporal and spectral information in running spectra is
      discussed with regard to the static template matching approach advocated recently
      by Blumstein and Stevens [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1001-1017 (1979)].

PMID- 6826904
TI  - Erratum: "melodic accent: experiments and a tentative model" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      71, 1596-1605 (1982)].

PMID- 6826905
TI  - Sound pressure distribution about the human head and torso.

PMID- 6826907
TI  - Determination of chlorsulfuron residues in grain, straw, and green plants of
      cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6826906
TI  - Inherited characteristics of composition and protein nutritive value of a new
      cultivar of maize (Nutrimaiz) in two stages of maturity.

PMID- 6826908
TI  - Residue studies for (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid and 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in grass and rice.

PMID- 6826910
TI  - Fatty acids and sensory acceptance of a dietary sodium-potassium fish sauce.

PMID- 6826909
TI  - Residues of phenthoate (Cidial) and its oxon on grapefruit, lemons, oranges,
      their fractionated products, and soil.

PMID- 6826912
TI  - Methoxychlor metabolism in goats. 2. Metabolites in bile and movement through
      skin.

PMID- 6826911
TI  - Metabolism of an acaricide, 4-methyl-3-(n-propylthio)phenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether,
      in rat.

PMID- 6826913
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of aflatoxins and reaction products of
      sodium bisulfite with aflatoxins.

PMID- 6826914
TI  - Lack of gut absorption of solubilized polystyrene by the rat.

PMID- 6826915
TI  - Effects of meat composition and cooking conditions on mutagen formation in fried
      ground beef.

PMID- 6826916
TI  - Vitamin A oxidation products responsible for haylike flavor production in nonfat
      dry milk.

PMID- 6826917
TI  - A simple turbidimetric method for determining the fat binding capacity of
      proteins.

PMID- 6826918
TI  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of methionine and of
      methionine sulfoxide in proteins.

PMID- 6826919
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sodium benzoate when
      used as a tracer to detect pulpwash adulteration of orange juice.

PMID- 6826920
TI  - A simplified high-performance liquid chromatographic residue procedure for the
      determination of glyphosate herbicide and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid in fruits
      and vegetables employing postcolumn fluorogenic labeling.

PMID- 6826921
TI  - Tissue residue regulatory method for the determination of lasalocid sodium in
      cattle liver using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric
      detection.

PMID- 6826922
TI  - A pyrolysis gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmatory method for
      lasalocid sodium in bovine liver.

PMID- 6826923
TI  - Lasalocid determination in animal blood by high-performance liquid chromatography
      fluorescence detection.

PMID- 6826924
TI  - Temperature and pH effects on the release of chromium from stainless steel into
      water and fruit juices.

PMID- 6826925
TI  - Direct analysis of carbofuran and its carbamate metabolites in rapeseed plants by
      nitrogen-phosphorus detector gas chromatography.

PMID- 6826926
TI  - Extraction of biologically incorporated [14C]Carbofuran residues from root crops.

PMID- 6826928
TI  - Hemodynamic measurements in clinical practice: a decade in review.
AB  - Hemodynamic measurement is now an important and feasible adjunct to clinical
      practice. Its successful application to alleviate illness in human beings is
      evident in its contribution to an understanding of the pathophysiology of disease
      and the efficacy of various interventions to alter the course of a variety of
      diseases. Its application is widespread in the high risk patient undergoing
      surgery and the critically ill medically treated patient. Hemodynamic measurement
      permits accurate determination of the state and, if necessary, of the
      continuously changing function of the heart as related to disease process and
      guides treatment and interventions on a rational physiologic basis.

PMID- 6826927
TI  - The process of establishing and revising National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

PMID- 6826929
TI  - Advances in clinical management of acute myocardial infarction in the past 25
      years.
AB  - The management of acute myocardial infarction in the past 25 years has emerged
      from a state of masterful inactivity to one of intensive care based on a new
      discipline of aggressive management. This has increased the chances of survival
      of the victim of infarction and could well be one of the major reasons for the
      decline in mortality due to coronary heart disease in the United States since
      1968. Because resuscitative techniques must be instituted within 4 minutes after
      the onset of cardiac arrest, the attendant nurse had to learn the new emergency
      lifesaving techniques and assume a crucial role as a physician's assistant. The
      various stages in the evolution of coronary care discipline began with
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were followed by pacemaker application,
      arrhythmia prophylaxis and insertion of pulmonary venous flow-directed catheters
      and arterial lines that permit monitoring and control of ventricular filling
      pressures. Other developments in better management of the failing heart have
      included methods to salvage jeopardized myocardium, strategies for the prevention
      of sudden death, the application of revascularization techniques after acute
      coronary occlusion and new noninvasive computerized technology to provide
      enhanced contrast images of cardiac perfusion that can be directly integrated
      with measurement of function.

PMID- 6826930
TI  - Contribution of the risk factor concept to patient care in coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - This article deals with the question of whether or not the risk factor concept, a
      principal aspect of preventive cardiology, has contributed to patient care in
      coronary heart disease. The risk factors considered are plasma cholesterol, high
      blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and marked obesity. With the exception of
      plasma cholesterol and diabetes, all of these factors enhance myocardial oxygen
      consumption and thus, in the presence of coronary insufficiency, promote
      myocardial ischemia. Their modification is therefore good general medical
      practice, even if not related to coronary atherosclerosis. Diabetes needs
      adequate medical treatment in patients both with and without coronary
      atherosclerosis. Because of the occasional occurrence of spontaneous regression
      of coronary atherosclerosis and the morphologic and functional complexity of
      coronary artery pathology, it has never been and probably never will be
      demonstrated that lowering plasma cholesterol levels by diet or other means will
      cause regression of coronary atherosclerosis. It follows that modification or
      treatment of risk factors is implemented for good medical reasons but does not
      demonstrably or predictably affect coronary artery disease. It is concluded that
      the contribution of the risk factor concept to patient care in coronary heart
      disease has been, and still is, trivial.

PMID- 6826931
TI  - Shock in acute myocardial infarction: evolution of physiologic therapy.
AB  - In the past 25 years the treatment of shock in myocardial infarction has evolved
      into a physiologic approach based on on-line measurements of hemodynamic
      variables. This has aided in the development of new pressor agents so that a
      family of pharmacologic agents is now available. Appropriate use of vasodilators
      and recognition and treatment of intravascular volume depletion have increased
      survival. Recognition and appropriate treatment of the preshock state have
      decreased the incidence of shock. The criteria for use of mechanical support and
      surgical intervention are soundly established; the use of thrombolytic therapy
      and balloon angioplasty for this syndrome is ready to be evaluated.

PMID- 6826932
TI  - Chance and sudden death.
AB  - An aura of mystery has always surrounded the subject of sudden unexpected death.
      Part of the explanation is an absence of a single or unusual explanation,
      although electrical instability of the heart does serve as a unifying concept for
      the final common pathway. In this review, emphasis is placed on the random
      aggregation of a wide variety of contributing factors in the pathogenesis of
      sudden death. Such factors include coronary disease, platelet aggregation, neural
      control of the heart, apoplexy of the heart, normal and abnormal variations in
      the structure of the atrioventricular junction, lessons from certain rare cardiac
      tumors and the nature of ventricular fibrillation. Useful thinking about these
      and related causes should employ both a horizontal (concurrence of events) and
      vertical (sequence of events) matrix, in all of which chance plays a major role.
      One impediment to understanding sudden death associated with coronary disease is
      the prevalent assumption that one is due to the other without proper examination
      of the other factors involved, some of which may be more susceptible to
      intervention or modification. The multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of
      sudden death and the recognition that chance is a major determinant of which
      factors convene and when they will aggregate in the victim are essential elements
      to consider if more effective means of treatment and prevention are to be
      obtained.

PMID- 6826933
TI  - The physiologic mechanisms of cardiac and vascular physical signs.
AB  - Examination of the heart and circulation includes five items: 1) the patient's
      physical appearance, 2) the arterial pulse, 3) the jugular venous pulse and
      peripheral veins, 4) the movements of the heart--observation, palpation and
      percussion of the precordium, and 5) auscultation. This report deals with
      specific examples that relate cardiac and vascular physical signs to their
      mechanisms, focusing on each of the five sources. It draws liberally on early
      accounts, emphasizing that modern investigative techniques often serve chiefly to
      verify hypotheses posed in the past.

PMID- 6826934
TI  - Valvular heart disease: a perspective.
AB  - Valve replacement has been one of the most important advances in the management
      of patients with valvular heart disease. The 10 and 15 year survival rate after
      isolated aortic and mitral valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards valve is 56
      and 44%, respectively. At 5 and 7 years, survival with the Bjork-Shiley, porcine
      bioprosthesis and the Starr-Edwards valve is similar. Patients operated on during
      the last 5 to 10 years have a much better survival rate than those operated on in
      the 1960s; therefore, the 10 and 15 year survival of those operated on recently
      should improve. All patients with a mechanical prosthesis need long-term
      anticoagulant therapy with drugs of the coumadin type. Porcine bioprostheses have
      a low failure rate up to 5 years after valve replacement; after this, valve
      failure occurs at an increasing rate, but the incidence at 10 and 15 years is not
      known. Valve replacement usually produces a marked improvement in the symptomatic
      status of the patient because of improved hemodynamics; ventricular function is
      improved in selected subsets of patients. The role of long-term vasodilator
      therapy has not been fully determined. Antibiotic prophylaxis for secondary
      prevention of rheumatic carditis and for prevention of infective endocarditis is
      important.

PMID- 6826935
TI  - Echocardiography: an overview.
AB  - In the past 25 to 30 years echocardiography has become a basic examination in
      clinical cardiology. Thus, it is becoming increasingly necessary for clinicians
      to be able to utilize it intelligently. Like all medical procedures
      echocardiography has advantages and limitations, and physicians need to know
      both. Some of the limitations are being minimized with advances in examination
      techniques and instrumentation, but many still exist. One limitation is that the
      ability to satisfactorily educate and train persons in the various ultrasonic
      techniques has not kept pace with the worldwide popularity of the examination. As
      a result, quality control will remain a problem at least in the immediate future.
      New developments in echocardiography as invasive and noninvasive tools are
      exciting and indicate that ultrasonic examination of the heart should play an
      increasingly important role in clinical cardiology.

PMID- 6826936
TI  - Achievements in hypertension: a 25 year overview.
AB  - Only 25 years ago, the field of hypertension was challenged by retrospective
      clinical data and epidemiologic information suggesting that an elevated arterial
      pressure is a major risk factor for enhanced cardiovascular morbidity and
      mortality. Not only was antihypertensive therapy looked on by many as dangerous
      and fraught with severe and undesirable side effects, but its validity in
      reversing the course of disease was not yet demonstrated. This review discusses
      the dramatic new information amassed over the past 25 years that points to the
      new physiologic and clinical concepts concerning hypertension. It considers
      impressive new diagnostic techniques and methods designed to identify secondary
      forms of hypertension and target organ involvement. In summary, it outlines the
      feasibility of reversing overall (and cardiovascular) morbidity and mortality
      with an array of antihypertensive agents that provide the therapeutic ability to
      suppress most pathophysiologic pressor mechanisms of hypertensive disease. The
      lesson is clear: hypertension provides the greatest available challenge to the
      new era of preventive cardiology in the 21st century.

PMID- 6826937
TI  - Surgery for cyanotic heart disease in the first year of life.
AB  - Data are reviewed on 248 patients less than 1 year old who presented with a
      diagnosis of cyanotic heart disease between January 1976 and January 1982. No
      infant had had prior surgical treatment. The patients were classified according
      to diagnosis: tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary
      atresia and anomalies of the tricuspid atresia or single ventricle type. Other
      remote forms of cyanotic heart disease were excluded from the analysis.
      Management of these patient groups is discussed in relation to their potential
      for corrective surgery early in infancy or later. The proper selection of
      palliative procedures that will permit bilateral growth and development of
      pulmonary arteries and equal distribution of pulmonary blood flow is emphasized.
      Morbidity and mortality in each patient group are discussed.

PMID- 6826938
TI  - Infective endocarditis--a 25 year overview of diagnosis and therapy.
AB  - Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis have significantly changed in
      the past 25 years. Improved bacteriologic techniques have allowed detection of
      cases of infective endocarditis caused by unusual organisms. Bactericidal therapy
      has become available for patients with gram-negative endocarditis and
      antimicrobial therapy has improved. Echocardiography has become an important
      diagnostic and management aid, and cardiac valve replacement has dramatically
      improved the outlook for many patients.

PMID- 6826939
TI  - Clinical electrophysiology--a decade of progress.
AB  - During the past 14 years there have been major advances in the field of clinical
      electrophysiology. This progress is a result of a more extensive use of
      intracardiac electrode catheters with recordings from multiple sites in the right
      and left cardiac chambers, the introduction of programmed electrical stimulation
      techniques and the use of antiarrhythmic drugs for diagnostic and therapeutic
      purposes during acute electrophysiologic testing. This article examines the
      pioneering studies and the subsequent developments in the field of clinical
      electrophysiology. The specific topics that are reviewed include the sinus node
      and atrium, atrioventricular conduction, supraventricular tachycardia and
      ventricular tachycardia. The therapeutic implications of each topic are also
      discussed. Clinical electrophysiology in its initial stages was a descriptive
      technique, but has since become an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
      However, electrophysiologic testing is an intensive process, requiring
      specialized training and a substantial commitment of human and physical
      resources.

PMID- 6826940
TI  - Electrocardiography of arrhythmias: from deductive analysis to laboratory
      confirmation--twenty-five years of progress.
AB  - Before the advent of the microelectrode, His bundle recording and direct cardiac
      pacing, electrocardiographic interpretation of arrhythmias in human beings was
      based on presumed mechanisms derived by deductive analysis. This indirect
      approach was forced by the fact that the surface electrocardiogram does not
      directly record the behavior of the specialized tissue that is the site of origin
      of most arrhythmias. In the past 25 years it has become possible to record
      directly from the specialized tissue. The result has been experimental
      confirmation of several underlying concepts of the electrocardiographic
      interpretation of arrhythmias and progress evidenced by the conversion of concept
      to fact.

PMID- 6826941
TI  - Measurements of coronary blood flow and degree of stenosis: current clinical
      implications and continuing uncertainties.
AB  - Initial measurements of coronary blood flow in human beings were limited by
      methodologic inadequacies causing clinically important areas of reduced perfusion
      to be incompletely represented or overlooked. More recent measurements have
      provided insight into clinically relevant pathophysiology. There has been
      increasing appreciation of the need for values of flow to be related to
      concomitant myocardial oxygen demand, and of the importance of evaluating
      perfusion in relation to coronary vascular reserve. Regional flow measurement
      techniques have progressed significantly during the past decade and have provided
      better insight into perfusion deficits in ischemic heart disease. A greatly
      improved understanding of the relation between the arteriographic degree of
      stenosis and perfusion limitation also has developed. In reviewing studies
      addressing these points, the present article attempts to highlight their current
      clinical implications and address continuing uncertainties meriting further
      attention.

PMID- 6826942
TI  - Bradyarrhythmias: clinical significance and management.
AB  - Clinicians have long recognized the potentially serious manifestations of extreme
      bradycardia. However, even marked bradycardia can often be physiologic, and in
      the presence of impaired ventricular function may offer important compensatory
      hemodynamic effects. Disorders of the sinoatrial node producing bradycardia
      include failure of impulse formation, sinoatrial conduction block, concealed
      sinus-perinodal reentry, carotid sinus hypersensitivity and the constellation of
      brady- and tachyarrhythmias that compose the "sick sinus syndrome." Bradycardia
      can also result from intraatrial block, atrioventricular nodal block or
      infranodal block. In addition, paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias may
      produce concealment into the atrioventricular junction and simultaneous
      suppression of sinus node rhythmicity, resulting in long pauses.
      Pseudobradycardias manifesting as slow peripheral pulse rates can result from
      frequent, nonconducted early atrial premature beats, from ventricular bigeminy or
      runs of ventricular extrasystoles or from mechanical alternans. Cardiac
      pacemakers play an important role in the management of patients with severe
      symptoms attributable to bradyarrhythmias. However, excessive use of pacemakers
      and the inappropriate selection of physiologically unfavorable pacemaker systems
      should be avoided. Frequently, patients who are only mildly symptomatic with
      bradycardia should not receive a cardiac pacemaker because the prognosis is
      favorable. Patients with the tachy-bradycardia syndrome often require both
      pharmacologic and pacemaker therapy. In selected patients electrophysiologic
      testing may be helpful, but the majority of patients are best managed by careful
      attention to the history, electrocardiogram and ambulatory electrocardiographic
      recordings.

PMID- 6826943
TI  - Cardiac pacing in the 1980s: treatment and techniques in transition.
AB  - The pacemaker of the 1980s is designed to maintain atrioventricular synchrony
      through dual-chamber pacing. This pacemaker is multiprogrammable and capable of
      telemetric transmission of biologic, electronic and electrophysiologic data.
      Several developments have made this therapeutic modality possible: 1) the
      cumulative survival rate of many lithium-battery pacemakers exceeds 95% at 5
      years; 2) lead and connector problems are rare; 3) atrial and ventricular
      electrode malfunctions occur in less than 2% of implants; and 4) new introducer
      techniques have simplified implantation (mortality and major morbidity rates are
      0.5 and 0.4%, respectively). With multiprogrammability, pacemaker function can be
      optimized for the patient's needs, and about 20% of reoperations can be avoided.
      Ninety-six dual-chamber (DDD) pacemakers, 55 of which have been followed up for
      more than 3 months, have provided trouble-free performance and have yielded
      salutary clinical results, particularly when implanted to replace previous
      ventricular inhibited units. Problems with these pacemakers have included unusual
      pacing electrocardiograms, pacemaker eccentricities, programmer maintenance,
      pacing and follow-up complexities and costs. In the 1980s, effort will be
      required to find a balance between rapidly evolving technology and the clinical
      need for complex pacing systems. From 1978 to 1981, the rate of pacemaker
      implantation grew from 309 to 513 implants per million population per year, and
      there are now approximately 500,000 patients with implanted pacemakers living in
      the United States. Indications for pacing are ill-defined, because in many cases
      the assessment of clinical response to pacing is largely subjective, lacking
      satisfactory quantitative indexes. This decade will be a time of reappraisal of
      the extent of clinical applicability of new techniques, particularly the
      multiprogrammable dual-chamber system which, after 3 years of clinical trial,
      shows promise of being the predominant pacemaker of the immediate future.

PMID- 6826944
TI  - Pharmacologic treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: 25 years of progress.
AB  - This review of practical and theoretical advances in antiarrhythmic drug therapy
      consists of four parts. Part 1, on clinical applications, compares the approaches
      to treatment 25 years ago with those of today, examines the current status of
      antiarrhythmic drugs used 25 years ago, reports on drugs approved for clinical
      use during the past 25 years, reviews new experimental drugs and suggests an
      approach to classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. Part 2 summarizes the
      contributions of cellular electrophysiology to the understanding of drug action,
      with emphasis on the drug-induced block of the voltage- and time-dependent
      properties of the rapid sodium channel. The subsequent section contains a brief
      discussion of the impact made by the new knowledge and the new diagnostic
      technology on the contemporary practices. The main conclusions are 1) that the
      more rational approach to treatment has benefited proportionately more patients
      with supraventricular than with ventricular arrhythmias, and 2) that new advances
      have made it possible to design successful treatments for certain patients with
      problems that could not be resolved in the past.

PMID- 6826945
TI  - Cardiac function and myocardial contractility: a perspective.

PMID- 6826946
TI  - Impact of radionuclide techniques on evaluation of patients with ischemic heart
      disease.
AB  - Radiotracer studies of the heart have become clinically important in the last
      decade, especially for evaluation of patients with known or suspected ischemic
      heart disease. Radionuclide ventriculography provides quantitative measures of
      biventricular function and regional wall motion. Recent technical advances
      include the development of computer programs for analyzing diastolic function,
      parametric imaging methods such as "phase" analysis and methods for calculating
      absolute ventricular volumes. Thallium-201 scans provide maps of regional
      myocardial perfusion. Recent advances include development of computer programs to
      quantitate regional thallium-201 uptake and to calculate thallium-201 turnover
      rates and the development of tomographic imaging systems. Technetium-99m
      pyrophosphate localizes in irreversibly damaged myocardium and provides a method
      for diagnosing, localizing and sizing acute myocardial infarcts. Recent
      applications include tomographic imaging to improve image contrast and
      development of criteria to identify high risk patients after infarction. Two
      important trends affecting the application of all the radionuclide studies in
      clinical cardiologic practice are the increasing use of decision analysis for
      incorporating results of multiple tests into single diagnostic probability
      statements, and the use of diagnostic algorithms that include the radionuclide
      studies to optimize the cost effectiveness of evaluation of patients with
      ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 6826947
TI  - Quantitative contrast angiography for assessment of ventricular performance in
      heart disease.
AB  - Contrast angiography provides much information about ventricular and valvular
      size and function. This review describes the calculation of left ventricular
      chamber volume and wall thickness and the derivation of ejection fraction,
      cardiac output, mass and wall tension and stress. In patients with valvular
      regurgitation, valve orifice area can be calculated by using the angiographic
      output and regurgitant flow determined by comparing the angiographic output with
      the cardiac output measured using Fick or indicator-dilution techniques. By
      analyzing ventricular volume in conjunction with pressure, it is possible to
      assess pressure-volume work, compliance and contractility. Regional wall motion
      can be measured from the change in ventricular contour with time. When applied
      clinically, these methods and measurements have been used to determine the
      hemodynamic characteristics of the compensated and decompensated left ventricle
      in valvular and coronary heart disease. The information derived from quantifying
      information in angiographic images contributes to patient diagnosis, assessment
      of prognosis and evaluation of therapy, and has added to our knowledge concerning
      the pathophysiology of heart disease.

PMID- 6826948
TI  - The Bezold-Jarisch reflex revisited: clinical implications of inhibitory reflexes
      originating in the heart.
AB  - The concept of depressor reflexes originating in the heart was introduced by von
      Bezold in 1867 and was later revived by Jarisch. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex
      originates in cardiac sensory receptors with nonmyelinated vagal afferent
      pathways. The left ventricle, particularly the inferoposterior wall, is a
      principal location for these sensory receptors. Stimulation of these inhibitory
      cardiac receptors by stretch, chemical substances or drugs increases
      parasympathetic activity and inhibits sympathetic activity. These effects promote
      reflex bradycardia, vasodilation and hypotension (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) and also
      modulate renin release and vasopressin secretion. Conversely, decreases in the
      activity of these inhibitory sensory receptors reflexly increase sympathetic
      activity, vascular resistance, plasma renin activity and vasopressin. Long
      regarded as pharmacologic curiosities, it is now clear that reflexes originating
      in these inhibitory cardiac sensory receptors are important to the
      pathophysiology of many cardiovascular disorders. This paper reviews the role of
      inhibitory cardiac sensory receptors in several clinical states including 1)
      bradycardia, hypotension and gastrointestinal disorders with inferoposterior
      myocardial ischemia and infarction, 2) bradycardia and hypotension during
      coronary arteriography, 3) exertional syncope in aortic stenosis, 4) vasovagal
      syncope, 5) neurohumoral excitation in chronic heart failure, and 6) the
      therapeutic effects of digitalis.

PMID- 6826949
TI  - The high risk patient after recovery from myocardial infarction: recognition and
      management.
AB  - Patients at high risk for recurrent myocardial infarction or death can be
      identified after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction. Predictors of high
      risk at the time of initial hospital discharge may vary in different localities
      depending on the underlying baseline characteristics of the patient cohort. The
      medical records were analyzed of 139 patients discharged from San Francisco
      General Hospital after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction between July
      1978 and September 1981. Multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis of 20
      variables contributing to sudden and total death identified complex ventricular
      ectopic rhythm as the most important variable, followed by age. Failure to
      receive chronic long-acting nitrates was an independent variable contributing to
      total mortality but not to sudden death, while the presence of an initial
      anterior myocardial infarction and impaired left ventricular function were
      independent variables contributing to sudden death but not to total mortality.
      Routine 24 hour ambulatory monitoring, radionuclide ventriculography and
      submaximal stress tests performed during the second week after recovery from an
      acute myocardial infarction provide identification of a high risk cohort for
      subsequent recurrent myocardial infarction or death and permit appropriate
      interventions designed to lessen risk to be undertaken.

PMID- 6826950
TI  - Predictors of the success or failure of medical therapy in patients with chronic
      recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: a discriminant analysis.
AB  - To identify predictors of the success or failure of medical therapy in chronic
      recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia, univariate and multivariate
      statistical techniques were used to retrospectively analyze data in 84 patients
      with this arrhythmia. By univariate analysis, four factors were associated with
      successful medical treatment: age less than 45 years, ejection fraction greater
      than 50%, hypokinesia as the only contraction abnormality and the absence of
      organic heart disease. Four other findings, the induction of ventricular
      tachycardia with a single ventricular extrastimulus, an HV interval greater than
      60 ms, the presence of a left ventricular aneurysm and Q waves on a baseline
      electrocardiogram, correlated with medical failure. However, none of these
      variables alone accurately predicted treatment results in more than 75% of cases.
      By discriminant analysis, a function incorporating eight variables was
      constructed which correctly classified 81% of patients. Moreover, three-quarters
      of the patients could be classified into groups with a high or low probability of
      success where accuracy increased to 90%. When the discriminant function was
      tested prospectively in 31 similar patients, 25 (81%) fell into the groups with a
      high or low probability of success. In the latter group, of 20 patients predicted
      to fail medical therapy, 19 (95%) did fail a complete trial of medical therapy.
      The overall accuracy remained a high 92%. In clinical application this function
      would allow patients with a high probability of responding to medical therapy to
      be selected for serial electrophysiologic drug testing. In patients with a low
      probability of responding to medical therapy, serial studies could be avoided and
      alternate forms of therapy explored.

PMID- 6826951
TI  - Clinical factors predicting successful electrophysiologic-pharmacologic study in
      patients with ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Data from 142 patients who had sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular
      fibrillation were analyzed to determine if clinical variables predict response to
      antiarrhythmic drugs at electrophysiologic study. Effective antiarrhythmic drugs
      were identified for 43 patients (30%). Ten of 25 variables analyzed were
      univariate predictors of drug response at the probability (p) level of less than
      0.05. Stepwise logistic regression identified three variables independently
      predictive of drug response: fewer coronary arteries with 70% or greater stenosis
      (p less than 0.001), female sex (p less than 0.002) and fewer episodes of
      arrhythmia (p less than 0.03). A function incorporating these three variables was
      constructed to predict the probability of drug response, and ranges of the
      predictor function corresponding to high, intermediate and low probabilities of
      drug response were identified. Response rates in the high (greater than 50%),
      intermediate and low (less than 10%) probability ranges were 28 (58%) of 48, 10
      (27%) of 37 and 5 (9%) of 57, respectively. Thus 40% of the patients who had a
      less than 10% likelihood of benefit from electrophysiologic-pharmacologic study
      were classified into the low probability range. When the predictor function was
      applied prospectively to 25 additional patients, response rates in the three
      probability ranges were 3 (50%) of 6, 1 (12%) of 8 and 0 (0%) of 11. These data
      show that analysis of clinical variables can be used to estimate the probability
      of benefit from electrophysiologic-pharmacologic study.

PMID- 6826952
TI  - Reliability of bedside evaluation in determining left ventricular function:
      correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction determined by radionuclide
      ventriculography.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients with chronic coronary artery disease were prospectively
      evaluated to determine the reliability of historical, physical,
      electrocardiographic and radiologic data in predicting left ventricular ejection
      fraction. The left ventricular ejection fraction measured by radionuclide
      angiography was normal (greater than or equal to 50%) in 44 patients (group 1)
      and abnormal (less than 50%) in 55 patients; 36 of those 55 patients had an
      ejection fraction between 30 and 49% (group 2) and the remaining 19 patients had
      an ejection fraction of less than 30% (group 3). The ejection fraction was
      correctly predicted in 33 of the 44 patients (75%) in group 1 and in 47 of the 55
      patients (85%) with abnormal ejection fraction (groups 2 and 3), but the degree
      of ventricular dysfunction was correctly predicted in only 19 patients (53%) in
      group 2 and in only 9 patients (47%) in group 3. Stepwise linear regression
      analysis was performed. The single most predictive variable was cardiomegaly as
      seen on chest roentgenography (R2 = 0.52). Four optimal predictive variables-
      cardiomegaly, myocardial infarction as seen on electrocardiography, dyspnea and
      rales--could explain only 61% of the observed variables in left ventricular
      ejection fraction. Thus, radionuclide ventriculography adds significantly to the
      discriminant power of the clinical, radiographic and electrocardiographic
      characterization of ventricular function in patients with chronic coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 6826953
TI  - Effects of chronic tobacco smoking on the coronary circulation.
AB  - The effects of chronic smoking on the coronary circulation were studied by
      evaluating the coronary vascular reserve in 12 chronic smokers (group 1) and 10
      nonsmokers (group 2). All patients were referred to cardiac catheterization for
      evaluation of chest pain and were found to have normal coronary and left
      ventricular angiograms. Coronary vascular reserve was measured by analyzing the
      hyperemic response to selective coronary injection of contrast agent. There was
      no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 with regard to
      age, baseline electrocardiogram or response to treadmill or thallium-201 exercise
      tests. The mean coronary reserve (+/- standard deviation) was 74.1 +/- 20.1% in
      the smokers versus 117.1 +/- 45.1% in the nonsmokers (p less than 0.02). In
      patients who smoked 1 pack a day or less and in those who smoked more than 1 pack
      a day, the mean coronary reserve was 89.5 and 64.9%, respectively (p less than
      0.05). Additionally, of 20 patients followed up for an average of 20 months, 7 of
      10 smokers and 1 of 10 nonsmokers continued to have chest pain (p less than
      0.03). The cause for the chest pain has not been established in these patients.
      These results suggest that coronary vascular reserve is significantly less in
      chronic smokers than in nonsmokers, and that this decrease is more pronounced in
      heavy smokers.

PMID- 6826954
TI  - Thrombolysis in acute experimental myocardial infarction.
AB  - Lysis of thrombi by intracoronary application of streptokinase has become a new
      therapeutic approach in patients with acute myocardial infarction. To simulate
      the clinical situation of myocardial infarction a new experimental model was
      developed, which was based on a thrombotic coronary occlusion at the site of a
      high degree stenosis created by a constrictor. In 20 dogs, two ligations 15 mm
      apart were prepared at the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary
      artery. After closure of the distal ligation, 2 IU of thrombin was injected
      through a catheter directly in front of the proximal ligation. The catheter was
      withdrawn and the proximal ligation was closed. Occlusion time ranged from 1 to 6
      hours. At 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after occlusion, streptokinase was infused for 1
      hour (100,000 IU in 200 ml of saline solution) into the left main coronary
      artery. Hemodynamic variables and coronary blood flow to the ischemic and normal
      myocardial areas were recorded continuously. Myocardial perfusion was measured
      six times with tracer microspheres. Reinstatement of blood flow, as well as
      normalization of myocardial perfusion in the ischemic area, was achieved by
      streptokinase at 5 minutes after 1 hour of occlusion, 8 minutes after 2 hours, 15
      minutes after 4 hours, and 30 minutes after 6 hours; no hyperemic flow occurred.
      Postmortem staining of infarct size revealed more than 50% of viable myocardium
      in the perfusion area of the thrombotic vessel even after 6 hours of occlusion.
      Hemorrhage occurred only after 6 hours of occlusion and was limited to the
      central area of necrosis in the subendocardial layer. Serious reperfusion
      arrhythmias occurred only after 1 and 2 hours of occlusion and seemed to be
      independent of the mode of reperfusion; however, the total number of episodes of
      ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion was probably decreased compared with
      that after sudden and hyperemic reflow.

PMID- 6826955
TI  - Intramyocardial current flow in acute coronary occlusion in the canine heart.
AB  - Data from numerous experimental infarction studies indicate that rapid myocardial
      cell depolarization following ischemia causes the flow of injury currents. These
      currents were measured in the canine myocardium by monitoring voltage gradients
      across infarct boundaries using silver chloride plunge electrodes, followed by
      placement of a 100 omega resistor between the electrodes and again measuring the
      voltage gradients. Current flow was calculated from these measurements with the
      following results: 1) TQ currents developed within 15 seconds after occlusion and
      persisted for 120 to 150 minutes, often attaining a magnitude of 1 microA. 2) ST
      currents also developed within 15 seconds and attained 2 to 3 microA within 15 to
      30 minutes, then usually subsided to some degree. 3) T currents were biphasic and
      attained 2 to 5 microA. Initially, current flowed from normal to ischemic
      myocardium but usually reversed within 30 minutes after occlusion. 4) The current
      flow was often disproportionate to the voltage gradient between 120 and 180
      minutes after occlusion, possibly indicating electrical uncoupling of the
      infarcting cells from normal cells. These data indicate that intramyocardial
      current flow develops early after acute coronary occlusion. These currents may be
      sufficient to induce reexcitation.

PMID- 6826956
TI  - Appraisal of a Low Noise Electrocardiogram.
AB  - Two low noise electrocardiographic systems were designed to record low amplitude
      His-Purkinje potentials in the PR segment and delayed depolarization potentials
      in the ST-T segment from the body surface on a beat to beat basis. In one system,
      a bipolar electrode was utilized and the noise level was optimally reduced to 2
      to 2.5 microV by a combination of noise reduction techniques. In the second
      system, better noise reduction (1 to 1.5 microV) was achieved by utilizing
      spatial averaging from 16 pairs of electrodes and a specially designed volume
      conductor electrode. The low noise electrocardiogram using the volume conductor
      electrode identified the His-Purkinje potential (up to 6 microV in amplitude) in
      43% of patients compared with 71% recorded in the signal-averaged electrograms
      from the same patients. However, in contrast to the signal-averaged electrogram,
      only the low noise electrocardiogram could identify the His-Purkinje potential
      when moment to moment dynamic changes of the temporal relation of the P wave and
      QRS complex occurred. On the other hand, the low noise electrocardiogram recorded
      low amplitude, late diastolic potentials in the ST-T segment of postinfarction
      patients who showed a propensity to develop ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The
      diastolic potentials either: 1) remained constant in successive sinus beats, 2)
      varied in configuration, amplitude and timing in successive sinus beats, or 3)
      were only recorded in the diastolic interval preceding possible "reentrant"
      ventricular beats. The present study proves the feasibility of recording low
      amplitude His-Purkinje potentials and late diastolic potentials on the body
      surface on a beat to beat basis utilizing low noise electrocardiographic systems.
      Recording of late diastolic potentials on a beat to beat basis has the exciting
      potential of directly identifying malignant "reentrant" versus benign "focal"
      ventricular rhythms. However, the clinical relevance of these potentials remains
      to be established.

PMID- 6826957
TI  - Intracardiac recording by catheter electrode of accessory pathway depolarization.
AB  - At electrophysiologic study in a patient with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
      intracardiac catheter recordings demonstrated a deflection that occurred 30 ms
      before ventricular activation. The rapid deflection was present during
      ventricular preexcitation but not during normal atrioventricular conduction. All
      QRS complexes were preexcited to varying degrees during atrial fibrillation, yet
      the deflection consistently preceded ventricular activation by 30 ms. This
      deflection most likely represents the rare recording of a Kent bundle
      depolarization with an intracardiac electrode catheter.

PMID- 6826958
TI  - Transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum: results of
      mustard and senning operations in 123 consecutive patients.

PMID- 6826959
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic and angiocardiographic diagnosis of
      subpulmonary stenosis due to tricuspid valve pouch in complete transposition of
      the great arteries.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiograms and angiocardiograms were obtained in six infants
      and children, each with complete transposition of the great arteries, a
      ventricular septal defect and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. In each case, the
      subpulmonary stenosis resulted from redundant tricuspid valve tissue which
      protruded through the ventricular septal defect and into the left ventricular
      outflow tract. Angio-echocardiographic correlations demonstrated features that
      allowed preoperative recognition of this unusual type of subpulmonary stenosis.
      The left ventricular angiogram in an anteroposterior orientation revealed a
      characteristic filling defect in the outflow tract during systole in each
      patient. Echocardiographic images of the left ventricular outflow tract and of
      the tricuspid valve demonstrated subpulmonary stenosis caused by protruding
      redundant tricuspid valve tissue (resembling a "pouch") in all six patients.
      These findings were contrasted with those from three patients with normally
      related great arteries and a similar, but nonobstructive, tricuspid valve pouch.
      Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic examination and correlation allowed
      preoperative diagnosis of this unusual form of subpulmonary stenosis in complete
      transposition of the great arteries. This is especially important because limited
      left ventricular intraoperative exploration may fail to reveal subpulmonary
      obstruction as the pouch may be flaccid in a relaxed arrested heart.

PMID- 6826961
TI  - Hypertension and stroke.
AB  - The longitudinal analysis of the adult population of Framingham, Massachusetts
      has clarified the pivotal role of hypertension in the epidemiology of stroke.
      Stroke incidence increases in men and women as arterial blood pressure, either
      systolic or diastolic, increases. Isolated systolic hypertension increases the
      risk of stroke in the elderly. Successful antihypertensive therapy decreases
      stroke incidence in asymptomatic persons, hypertensive patients with transient
      ischemic attacks and survivors of hypertensive stroke. A stepped care approach to
      antihypertensive therapy utilizing diuretic drugs, antiadrenergic agents and
      vasodilators is well tolerated in the vast majority of patients with established
      cerebrovascular disease. Agents with a propensity to cause orthostatic
      hypotension should be avoided. Reduction of blood pressure should be gradual with
      dose increments at intervals of 6 to 8 weeks. Mild hypertension may be left
      untreated during the acute phase of atherothrombotic brain infarction. A trial of
      blood pressure reduction with sodium nitroprusside to normotensive or mildly
      hypotensive levels is indicated in patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage.
      If neurologic deterioration occurs, the infusion rate of sodium nitroprusside can
      be reduced and blood pressure will rapidly rise. Successful management of
      hypertension has undoubtedly contributed to the decreasing death rate from stroke
      in the United States.

PMID- 6826960
TI  - Dobutamine and hydralazine: comparative influences of positive inotropy and
      vasodilation on coronary blood flow and myocardial energetics in nonischemic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Coronary blood flow and myocardial energetics were assessed after the
      administration of a parenteral inotrope (dobutamine hydrochloride) and an oral
      vasodilator agent (hydralazine) in 10 patients with nonischemic congestive heart
      failure. Dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg per min) and hydralazine (1 mg/kg) when
      group-matched elicited an identical increase in cardiac index and stroke volume
      index. Both agents augmented coronary blood flow while reducing coronary vascular
      resistance. Both forms of therapy elicited a significant increase in myocardial
      oxygen consumption. Dobutamine, demonstrating a balanced effect on the coronary
      circulation, induced a proportional increase in coronary blood flow and
      myocardial oxygen consumption, with the arterial-venous oxygen difference across
      the coronary vascular bed remaining unchanged. Hydralazine enhanced the
      myocardial oxygen supply versus demand ratio; despite a significant increase in
      myocardial oxygen consumption, the arterial-venous oxygen difference and the
      myocardial extraction ratio diminished. Both forms of therapy enhanced cardiac
      performance without inducing any electrocardiographic or clinical evidence of
      ischemia. Dobutamine, a positive inotropic agent, elicited a balanced effect on
      the coronary circulation while hydralazine, a vasodilator agent, induced a
      greater increase in coronary flow than in myocardial oxygen demand.

PMID- 6826962
TI  - Hypertension and arterial aneurysm.
AB  - The rather common coexistence of arterial aneurysm and systemic hypertension may
      be attributed to their respective frequency as clinical findings. The development
      of hypertension secondary to renal ischemia that can occur as a complication of
      certain types of aneurysmal disease is well recognized. Less well appreciated is
      the evidence to implicate hypertension as a factor in the pathogenesis of
      arterial aneurysms, perhaps in their progressive enlargement, and even in
      rupture. Furthermore, after resection of an aneurysm, systemic hypertension
      adversely influences survival, and it is an important contributing factor in the
      development of false aneurysms. A relation between hypertension and aortic
      dissection has received more recognition. Just how systemic hypertension
      contributes to the occurrence of aortic dissection is not clear, but the
      effective control of hypertension has the potential for decreasing the incidence
      of aortic dissection. The curious clinical association of hypertension with the
      location of the primary tear in the proximal part of the descending aorta (type
      III or type B) has several plausible explanations.

PMID- 6826963
TI  - Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy using
      digitized echocardiography.
AB  - Constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy are difficult to
      distinguish at the bedside and occasionally at routine cardiac catheterization.
      Left ventricular diastolic function was studied by computer analysis of digitized
      M-mode echocardiograms in four patients with constrictive disease and three with
      restrictive disease, and the data were compared with those of normal subjects.
      The respective distinguishing echographic features of constrictive pericarditis
      and restrictive cardiomyopathy were as follows: the major filling period of the
      left ventricle was 78 +/- 9% of normal versus 128 +/- 4% (p less than 0.01),
      minimal left ventricular dimension to peak filling interval was 50 +/- 10 versus
      110 ms (p less than 0.05) and the maximal rate of left ventricular posterior wall
      thinning was -4.9 versus -2.3 seconds-1 (p less than 0.05). This preliminary
      study suggests that it may be possible to accurately diagnose the two disease
      entities using this technique at the bedside and to avoid cardiac
      catheterization.

PMID- 6826964
TI  - Left ventricular outflow obstruction after aortic valve replacement: detection
      with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound recording.
AB  - A 33 year old woman developed left ventricular outflow obstruction due to a
      fibrous subvalvular membrane 2 years after insertion of a Hancock modified
      orifice, porcine aortic valve prosthesis. M-mode and two-dimensional
      echocardiographic studies failed to detect the membrane. Continuous wave Doppler
      study revealed a maximal velocity of 4.8 m/s and a calculated peak pressure
      gradient of 92 mm Hg between the left ventricle and aorta. This finding was in
      close agreement with the peak gradient of 100 mm Hg obtained at cardiac
      catheterization. Because of its ability to accurately measure valvular gradients,
      continuous wave Doppler ultrasound study appears to be a useful noninvasive
      technique in the evaluation of patients with suspected prosthetic valve
      dysfunction.

PMID- 6826965
TI  - Right ventricular infarction complicated by right to left shunt.

PMID- 6826967
TI  - "Transmural" versus "subendocardial" myocardial infarction: an
      electrocardiographic myth.

PMID- 6826966
TI  - Electrophysiologic testing in patients with ventricular tachycardia: past
      performance and future expectations.

PMID- 6826968
TI  - Adult cardiovascular training programs in the United States.

PMID- 6826969
TI  - A clinically relevant classification of chest discomfort.

PMID- 6826970
TI  - Abstracts of papers to be presented at the 32nd annual scientific session of the
      American College of Cardiology. New Orleans, Louisiana, March 20-24, 1983.

PMID- 6826971
TI  - Variability in coronary hemodynamics in response to ergonovine in patients with
      normal coronary arteries and atypical chest pain.
AB  - Because an increase in coronary vascular resistance in response to ergonovine
      maleate has been suggested as a possible diagnostic aid for variant angina,
      changes were evaluated in coronary hemodynamics and serial myocardial thallium
      201 perfusion scans in 15 patients without angina and with normal coronary
      arteries in response to ergonovine (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg intravenously). For
      the group, heart rate-blood pressure product increased significantly (p less than
      0.001) without any change in coronary sinus flow, coronary vascular resistance,
      myocardial oxygen extraction, arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference and
      lactate extraction. In 7 of 15 patients, however, coronary vascular resistance
      increased (mean 39%, range 11 to 75%, probability [p] less than 0.001), and
      coronary sinus flow decreased (14%, p less than 0.001), despite an increase in
      heart rate-blood pressure product (36%, p less than 0.02). No
      electrocardiographic, metabolic or thallium-201 scan abnormalities occurred.
      Therefore, significant increases in coronary vascular resistance in response to
      ergonovine may occur in patients with normal coronary arteries and atypical chest
      pain.

PMID- 6826972
TI  - Effect of whiskey on atrial vulnerability and "holiday heart".
AB  - Vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and flutter was examined in 11 alcohol
      abusers who did not have cardiomyopathy or manifest heart failure. Atrial
      extrastimulation was done with rapid pacing (drive cycle length 500 ms) to
      facilitate induction of atrial vulnerability, seen in four alcohol abusers. The
      remaining seven were retested 30 minutes after drinking 60 to 120 ml of 86 proof
      whiskey (ethanol blood levels were 49 to 101 mg/100 ml but pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure remained normal in all) and atrial fibrillation or flutter was
      induced in three of the drinkers. Three nondrinkers, symptomatic with sinus
      bradycardia but not in heart failure, were found not to be vulnerable to atrial
      fibrillation or flutter, but flutter was induced in two of the three after
      drinking whiskey. Whiskey did not alter atrial functional refractory periods
      (mean +/- standard error of the mean 297 +/- 14 to 290 +/- 12 ms) or widen the
      dispersion among three disparate right atrial sites (57 +/- 13 to 47 +/- 12 ms).
      Thus, whiskey enhanced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and flutter in
      patients without heart failure or cardiomyopathy, substantiating the "holiday
      heart" syndrome.

PMID- 6826973
TI  - Extrastimulus-related shortening of the first postpacing interval in digitalis
      induced ventricular tachycardia: observations during programmed electrical
      stimulation in the conscious dog.
AB  - The effect of different modes of pacing on interval and configuration of the
      first postpacing QRS complex was studied during digitalis-induced ventricular
      tachycardia in the conscious dog. The effect of overdrive pacing was related to
      pacing rate; the longest pacing intervals resulted in prolongation of the first
      postpacing interval, while increasing the rate of overdrive pacing led to a
      progressive shortening of the first postpacing interval. When extrastimuli were
      introduced during fixed rate pacing, the duration of the first postpacing
      interval was found to be predominantly effected by the extrastimulus coupling
      interval. The importance of the last paced interval to the duration of the first
      postpacing cycle length was also observed when only a single or two extrastimuli
      were given. The duration of the first postpacing interval was found to be
      independent of the site site of stimulation. In contrast, the configuration of
      the first postpacing QRS complex was found to be related to the site of pacing;
      the first postpacing QRS complex originated close to the site of stimulation
      independent of the configuration of the tachycardia. In conclusion, it was found
      that during digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia 1) the first postpacing
      interval is mainly, dependent on the interval of the last paced beat, 2) the
      length of the first postpacing interval is independent of the site of
      stimulation, but 3) the configuration of the first postpacing QRS complex is
      related to the site of stimulation. These findings may facilitate the
      understanding of complex ventricular arrhythmias observed during severe digitalis
      intoxication in human beings.

PMID- 6826974
TI  - Effect of ouabain on the anterograde effective refractory period of accessory
      atrioventricular connections in children.
AB  - The anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory connection was
      determined before and after the administration of ouabain (0.015 mg/kg
      intravenously) during electrophysiologic studies in 21 patients with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome. The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 10 +/- 2
      years (range 1 month to 31 years). Each patient had stopped taking all cardiac
      drugs for more than 36 hours. Determination of the anterograde effective
      refractory period of the accessory connection was made using the atrial
      extrastimulus technique. A change in the anterograde refractory period of the
      accessory connection was defined as an increase or decrease of greater than 10 ms
      from the value before ouabain administration. The post-ouabain anterograde
      effective refractory period of the accessory connection increased in 2 (9%) of
      the 21 patients, decreased in 9 (43%) and was unchanged in 10 (48%). This study
      demonstrated a decrease in the anterograde effective refractory period of the
      accessory connection of 43% of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after
      the administration of ouabain.

PMID- 6826975
TI  - Measurement of mitral valve orifice area in infants and children by two
      dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiograms of the mitral valve orifice area were obtained in
      50 normal pediatric subjects, 15 patients with congenital mitral stenosis and 7
      patients with tricuspid atresia. The mitral area was measured near the tips of
      the mitral valve leaflets from a diastolic cross-sectional image of the left
      ventricle. The cardiac images were recorded on videotape and later transferred to
      video disc for high resolution contour tracing. Contour analysis was performed by
      a special purpose microcomputer system for calculation of the enclosed calibrated
      area. In normal patients, there was an excellent correlation (r = 0.95) between
      mitral valve area (MVA) (in cm2) and body surface area (BSA) (in m2) described by
      MVA = 4.83 X BSA - 0.07. Each patient with mitral stenosis had a mitral valve
      area that measured less than the third percentile predicted from the normal
      regression formula. In eight patients in whom the Gorlin formula could be
      applied, there was excellent correlation (r = 0.95) between echocardiographic and
      hemodynamic measurements of mitral valve area. Each patient with tricuspid
      atresia had a very large mitral valve area (greater than 99th percentile of
      normal). It is concluded that noninvasive measurement of mitral valve orifice
      area can be accurately achieved by two-dimensional echocardiography in pediatric
      patients with congenital mitral stenosis, allowing serial measurement of their
      mitral valve area.

PMID- 6826976
TI  - Sudden death in three teenagers: conduction system studies.
AB  - The pathologic substrate for sudden death in the middle-aged or elderly adult is
      usually ischemic heart disease. In contrast, few data are available regarding the
      pathology of sudden death in teenagers. This report describes three teenagers
      without clinically suspected heart disease dying suddenly. Patient 1 (age 15,
      male) was known to have right ventricular premature ventricular beats. Postmortem
      examination revealed marked premature aging, sclerosis of the cardiac skeleton
      extending to the right side of the summit with fibrosis of the left and right
      bundle branches. Patient 2 (age 17, male) was a trained athlete who died during
      football scrimmage. Autopsy revealed moderate mitral valve prolapse and marked
      premature aging, sclerosis of the left side of the cardiac skeleton, which
      extended to the right ventricular side, and secondary involvement of the
      trifascicular conduction system with mononuclear cell infiltration. Patient 3
      (age 19, female) died suddenly at home. Autopsy revealed mitral valve prolapse,
      thrombosis of the sinoatrial (SA) node artery, and premature aging, sclerosis of
      the left side of the cardiac skeleton, with involvement of the ventricular septum
      more on the right ventricular side and involvement of the atrioventricular bundle
      and trifascicular conduction system. In conclusion, unexpected deaths in three
      teenagers occurred with demonstrable pathologic findings in the heart. Two of the
      three patients had mitral valve prolapse, one of whom also had thrombosis or
      embolism of the sinoatrial node artery. All three had sclerosis of not only the
      left side but also the right side of the ventricular septum with involvement of
      the conduction system. The anatomic substrate demonstrated in these three
      patients could relate to lethal bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia, or both.

PMID- 6826977
TI  - Right bundle branch block: long-term prognosis in apparently healthy men.
AB  - The long-term cardiac prognosis of 24 clinically healthy men with complete right
      bundle branch block, identified from the 1,142 men constituting the population of
      the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, was assessed over a follow-up period
      averaging 8.4 years. When compared with a control group matched for age at which
      right bundle branch block appeared (mean +/- standard deviation 64.0 +/- 13.5
      years), men with right bundle branch block showed no difference in the prevalence
      of antecedent coronary risk factors or obstructive lung disease. The incidence of
      angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, cardiomegaly,
      congestive heart failure, advanced heart block or cardiac death in these men did
      not differ from that of the control group over the observation period.
      Furthermore, at the latest follow-up study, maximal aerobic exercise tolerance
      and chronotropic response to maximal exercise were not impaired in men with right
      bundle branch block relative to control men (9.1 +/- 2.2 versus 7.3 +/- 3.0
      minutes and 150.3 +/- 23.5 versus 147.7 +/- 20.7 beats/minute, respectively).
      However, axis deviation leftward of -30 degrees was present in 46% of men with
      right bundle branch block but in only 15% of control subjects at latest follow-up
      (probability [p] less than 0.01). Although the PR interval lengthened by 40 ms or
      more developed in only 6% of control subjects over the observation period, such
      prolongation occurred in 29% of men with right bundle branch block (p less than
      0.05). These results support the concept that right bundle branch block in these
      asymptomatic men is a manifestation of a primary abnormality of the cardiac
      conduction system but has no demonstrable adverse effect on long-term cardiac
      morbidity or mortality.

PMID- 6826978
TI  - Atrial systolic notch on the interventricular septal echogram: an
      echocardiographic sign of constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - Interventricular septal motion during ventricular diastole was analyzed using M
      mode echocardiography in 13 patients with constrictive pericarditis and 12
      patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy. In seven of eight patients with
      constrictive pericarditis in sinus rhythm, an abnormal "atrial systolic" notch
      was observed consisting of abrupt initial posterior motion toward the left
      ventricle approximately at the middle of the P wave and subsequent anterior
      motion at the end of the P wave and termination before the R wave. This notch was
      absent during atrial premature beats that were recorded in two patients. The
      atrial systolic notch was not observed in any patient with restrictive
      cardiomyopathy. The septal notch in early ventricular diastole previously
      described in constrictive pericarditis was seen in 62% of patients with
      constrictive pericarditis and 25% of patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy.
      Thus, an abnormal atrial systolic notch may be an additional useful sign to
      differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy. The
      mechanism may be related to transient late diastolic pressure gradients between
      both ventricles resulting from asynchrony of left and right atrial contractions.

PMID- 6826979
TI  - Cardiac tamponade by loculated pericardial hematoma: limitations of M-mode
      echocardiography.
AB  - Three patients developed cardiac tamponade after heart surgery. Pericardial
      effusion was not identified by M-mode echocardiography. Two patients underwent
      two-dimensional echocardiography which showed compression of the right atrium by
      a localized mass. At reoperation, atrial compression by a loculated effusion or
      hematoma was found and successfully relieved. When cardiac tamponade is suggested
      by the clinical setting, but not supported by M-mode echocardiography, the
      presence of a loculated effusion should be considered and evaluated by a two
      dimensional echocardiographic study.

PMID- 6826980
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium: the air
      gap sign.
AB  - Six patients referred for echocardiographic evaluation in whom an unusual
      echocardiographic sign resulted from air within the mediastinum or pericardium
      are described. Three patients had a pneumomediastinum that occurred after chest
      trauma and three patients had a pneumopericardium induced during a therapeutic
      pericardiocentesis. Important features included a broad band of echoes (air)
      recorded during held respiration which obscured the normal cardiac structures and
      dropout (gap) of echoes posteriorly. Between the cyclic appearance of the "air
      gap" sign, intracardiac structures were normally visualized. Echocardiographic
      recording of the air gap sign was identical in the six cases; it disappeared
      after resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of the pneumopericardium or
      pneumomediastinum. The pattern most likely resulted from air within the anterior
      mediastinum or pericardium interfering with the echographic beam and resulted in
      a cyclic appearance from systole to early diastole as the air was displaced by
      the changing cardiac size. Recognition of the air gap sign can be helpful in
      evaluating patients for pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium after thoracic
      trauma.

PMID- 6826981
TI  - Seminar on asymptomatic coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6826982
TI  - Impairment of myocardial perfusion and function during painless myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - Left ventricular (or pulmonary and systemic arterial) hemodynamics were measured
      for a mean of 13.6 hours during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 14
      patients admitted to the coronary care unit because of angina at rest. Of 293
      episodes of transient ST segment and T wave changes identified, 247 (84%) were
      completely asymptomatic. Sixty-three percent of asymptomatic episodes were
      associated with an elevation of the left ventricular end-diastolic or pulmonary
      artery diastolic pressure of 5 mm Hg or more; in 15% there were smaller
      elevations (2 to 4 mm Hg) and in 22% there were no changes or less than a 2 mm Hg
      elevation of pressure. The peak contraction and relaxation dP/dt (first
      derivative of left ventricular pressure) were reduced to 100 mm Hg/s or more in
      84 and 81% of asymptomatic episodes, respectively. Great cardiac vein oxygen
      saturation measured in three patients showed an increased myocardial oxygen
      extraction similar to that seen in painful episodes, which preceded and
      accompanied asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes. These results indicate
      that asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes represent transient myocardial
      ischemia. Comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic episodes revealed that
      asymptomatic episodes were generally shorter (253 +/- 159 versus 674 +/- 396
      seconds, probability [p] less than 0.001) and produced less impairment of left
      ventricular function: there were smaller elevations of left ventricular end
      diastolic or pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (5.9 +/- 5.0 versus 16.5 +/- 6.9
      mm Hg, p less than 0.001), and smaller reductions of peak left ventricular
      contraction dP/dt (252 +/- 156 versus 395 +/- 199 mm Hg/s, p less than 0.001) and
      relaxation dP/dt (259 +/- 191 versus 413 +/- 209 mm Hg/s, p less than 0.001). In
      individual patients, however, asymptomatic and symptomatic episodes of similar
      duration and severity were observed. The duration and severity of ischemia appear
      important for the genesis of anginal pain, but additional factors must be
      involved.

PMID- 6826984
TI  - Experimental pain measurement in patients with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Men with substantial coronary heart disease determined angiographically and with
      reproducible myocardial ischemia were studied. During exercise
      electrocardiography, 22 patients exhibited significant ST segment depression with
      concomitant angina pectoris (that is, symptomatic myocardial ischemia) and 20
      patients demonstrated significant ST segment depression without any symptoms
      (that is, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia). No significant differences were
      found between the patient groups in functional variables, coronary angiographic
      data or coronary risk factors. In contrast, various experimental pain measures
      (for example, electrical pain threshold, according to Notermans' method, cold
      pressor test and tourniquet pain test) yielded significant differences between
      groups. Results indicate that patients with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia
      demonstrated significantly higher electrical pain thresholds and ischemic pain
      thresholds, as well as more tolerance to cold and ischemia, so that individual
      differences in sensibility to pain may partly explain lack of pain in patients
      with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6826983
TI  - Silent myocardial ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in
      patients with effort angina.
AB  - The frequency and characteristics of asymptomatic ischemic attacks were
      investigated in 39 patients with effort angina. During 24 hour Holter monitoring,
      32 of the 39 patients displayed one or more episodes of ischemic ST depression.
      Eight patients had attacks (n = 25) always accompanied by pain; 9 patients had
      only asymptomatic ischemic episodes (n = 40) and 15 patients had both symptomatic
      (n = 29) and asymptomatic attacks (n = 76). In the 15 patients exhibiting both
      symptomatic and asymptomatic attacks, mean duration of symptomatic episodes was
      longer (probability [p] less than 0.001) and mean maximal ST depression was
      greater (p less than 0.001). When patients exhibiting only symptomatic episodes
      were compared with those exhibiting only asymptomatic attacks, differences were
      not significant. All symptomatic and asymptomatic attacks during Holter
      monitoring were correlated with the results of stress testing: patients
      experiencing a delayed response to pain after the onset of St ischemic depression
      during stress testing had a higher ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic attacks
      during Holter monitoring compared with those patients reporting pain before or at
      the moment of the appearance of ischemic electrocardiographic features during
      stress testing. It is concluded that: 1) asymptomatic episodes of ischemia are
      more frequent than symptomatic episodes in patients with effort angina; 2) in the
      same patient, the severity of ischemia is generally a fundamental factor in
      determining the presence or absence of pain during an ischemic attack; and 3)
      differences among patients with respect to predominance of symptomatic or
      asymptomatic attacks probably depend on individual factors.

PMID- 6826986
TI  - Patient reactions to the diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary artery disease.
      Implications for the primary physician and consultant cardiologist.
AB  - The diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary artery disease is increasing as a result
      of the widespread use of noninvasive screening techniques. Because its natural
      history is unknown and as there is continuing controversy over proper treatment,
      both primary physicians and consultant cardiologists are often unsure how to
      approach patients with this disorder. This uncertainty on the part of physicians,
      combined with the paradox of having serious heart disease without symptoms, often
      leads to psychologic stress in patients and their families. In a pilot study to
      evaluate the psychologic impact of the diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary artery
      disease, we elicited the reactions from 15 patients with either totally or
      partially asymptomatic coronary artery disease. In general, patients and spouses
      were surprised and concerned by the diagnosis, but most felt their physicians had
      been supportive in explaining the problem to them. Because patients trusted their
      physicians, they often changed their lifestyles markedly in regard to exercise
      and diet; some even underwent coronary surgery when it was recommended. Public
      awareness of the disorder was generally felt to be almost nonexistent. This pilot
      study provides insight into a subgroup of patients with potentially serious
      psychologic problems and the implications of these problems for their physicians.

PMID- 6826988
TI  - Symbiotic circulation.

PMID- 6826987
TI  - Myocardial bridging as a cause of paroxysmal atrioventricular block.
AB  - Paroxysmal atrioventricular (AV) block was induced by exercise in an otherwise
      healthy young man. The only abnormalities demonstrated at comprehensive cardiac
      evaluation were: 1) angiographic systolic narrowing of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery, and 2) reversible radionuclide hypoperfusion of the
      septum during exercise. It is postulated that ischemia of the conduction system
      due to systolic milking of the left anterior descending coronary artery was
      responsible for the paroxysmal AV block in this patient.

PMID- 6826985
TI  - Screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease.
AB  - Because it will be some time before the primary prevention of cardiovascular
      disease is a reality, it is advisable to evaluate screening methods for detecting
      latent cardiovascular disease. Because risk factor screening and techniques with
      the patient at rest have limited sensitivity, exercise testing that brings out
      abnormalities not present at rest deserves consideration. Numerous studies have
      shown the exercise electrocardiogram to have a sensitivity of approximately 50%
      and a specificity of 90%. The different reported predictive values are related to
      its use in populations with different prevalences of disease. Various techniques
      have been recommended to improve the sensitivity and specificity of exercise
      testing, including other exercise measurements, computerized probability
      estimates, nuclear cardiology, cardiokymography, cardiac fluoroscopy and risk
      factor analysis. There is promise that these techniques will improve attempts to
      screen asymptomatic subjects for coronary disease.

PMID- 6826989
TI  - Immunologic observations during desensitization and maintenance of clinical
      tolerance to penicillin.
AB  - A nurse anesthetist who had experienced four systemic allergic reactions
      attributed to penicillin exposure was safely and successfully desensitized to
      penicillin despite predominantly minor determinant allergy (benzyl penicilloate
      skin test was positive at 1:100,000 dilution of standard 10 mM solution). Because
      of unavoidable occupational exposure to penicillin, daily oral doses of
      penicillin were continued after hospital discharge in an effort to maintain
      clinical tolerance. Immunologic measurements throughout the long-term
      desensitization effort provided some evidence that in this patient, drug-induced
      mast cell desensitization is an ongoing dynamic process that is dose dependent
      and that skin mast cell reactivity recovers slowly over a period of many weeks
      after the short-term high-dose desensitization protocol. A dose-dependent state
      of clinical tolerance to inadvertent penicillin exposure has been safely
      maintained in this patient for 18 mo.

PMID- 6826991
TI  - Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a distinct form of physical allergy.
AB  - Seven individuals with exercise-induced anaphylaxis under natural circumstances,
      characterized by the appearance of pruritic cutaneous erythema and urticaria and
      associated vascular collapse and/or upper respiratory tract symptoms and signs of
      angioedema, were subjected to a controlled period of exercise in a laboratory.
      Experimental challenge consisted of running in an occlusive suit on a treadmill
      of moving grade with maintenance or acceleration of speed for 5 to 17 min.
      Cutaneous pruritus and erythema without urticaria developed in four of the
      subjects and progressed to angioedema in two of them; the other three subjects
      were unaffected. Repeat challenge of three of the abnormal responders elicited a
      clinical response similar to that of the previous exercise challenge. In those
      subjects with a clinical response to exercise challenge, mean change from
      baseline levels of histamine to peak levels was 7.0 +/- 3.0 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM),
      whereas in the group without clinical symptoms the mean change from baseline was
      an increase of 0.6 +/- 1.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). The abnormal elevations in serum
      histamine during the seven exercise-induced symptomatic episodes returned to
      normal in about 20 min while clinical signs were also subsiding. There were no
      changes in pulmonary function. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is clinically
      separable from cholinergic urticaria and represents a distinct form of physical
      allergy.

PMID- 6826990
TI  - Inhalation challenge with ragweed pollen in ragweed-sensitive asthmatics.
AB  - We reexamined the ability of inhaled ragweed pollen to induce bronchoconstriction
      in ragweed-sensitive asthmatic patients using a turbo-inhaler to administer
      pollen quantitatively. Adult subjects were selected for study on the basis of
      fall season asthmatic attacks, positive skin test, histamine release, RAST, and
      bronchial challenge responses to ragweed extract. Not one of 12 such subjects had
      any bronchial response to oral inhalation of whole pollen grains even when the
      dose was increased to 7640 pollen grains (more than the estimated maximum daily
      exposure in season), whereas nasal challenge by the same method produced brisk
      hay fever responses without bronchospasm. On the other hand, when the pollen was
      ground to fragments with a size range of 1 to 8 micrometers, oral inhalation
      produced a 35% fall in airways conductance in six of seven subjects in doses
      ranging from 59 to 20,000 pollen grain equivalents. Atropine pretreatment did not
      modify the response to pollen fragments, making an irritant response unlikely.
      These data, coupled with earlier observations that no more than a few pollen
      grains penetrate further than the larynx, raise further questions about the role
      of whole ragweed pollen in fall asthma in allergic patients. In addition, ragweed
      allergic asthmatics appear not to have their symptoms at the time of maximum
      pollen load in the air. We believe that small-particle allergens other than
      ragweed pollen should be considered in most cases of fall seasonal asthma.

PMID- 6826992
TI  - IgE production in vitro by human blood mononuclear cells: a comparison between
      atopic and nonatopic subjects.
AB  - In vitro IgE synthesis by blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients and
      nonatopic subjects was examined. A total of 1 X 10(6) mononuclear cells cultured
      in RPMI-1640 and 10% fetal calf serum with or without cycloheximide was found to
      be optimal to detect de novo synthesis. A modified Phadebas IgE paper
      radioimmunosorbent test was employed for the quantitation of supernatant IgE
      concentration. Kinetic studies indicated that about half the peak amount of IgE
      is secreted within the first 2 days and the maximum concentration is reached at
      day 7. Mononuclear cells obtained from six of six atopic patients with eczema and
      elevated serum IgE levels and 22/33 atopic patients without eczema spontaneously
      synthesized significant amounts of IgE in vitro. We failed to detect de novo IgE
      synthesis by the cells obtained from 40 nonatopic controls. Polyclonal activators
      such as pokeweed mitogen. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, concanavalin A, and
      phytohemagglutinin failed to induce or enhance in vitro IgE synthesis in normal
      and atopic subjects. These findings indicate that the study of immunoregulation
      of IgE synthesis in man will be difficult to accomplish until new methods are
      developed that allow induction of the IgE response in vitro in nonatopic
      subjects.

PMID- 6826994
TI  - Attachment behavior of deaf children with deaf parents.

PMID- 6826993
TI  - The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in a Sudanese community seasonally exposed
      to a potent airborne allergen (the "green nimitti" midge, Cladotanytarsus
      lewisi).

PMID- 6826995
TI  - Reliability of the psychosocial schedule for school age children.

PMID- 6826996
TI  - Learning disability and neuropsychological impairment in adjudicated,
      unincarcerated male delinquents.

PMID- 6826997
TI  - Early parental attitudes, divorce and separation, and young adult outcome:
      findings of a longitudinal study.

PMID- 6826998
TI  - Differentiating primary affective disease, organic affective syndromes, and
      situational depression on a pediatric service.

PMID- 6826999
TI  - Depression in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6827000
TI  - The use and abuse of pets.

PMID- 6827001
TI  - The behavioral treatment of hysterical paralysis in a ten-year-old boy. A case
      study.

PMID- 6827002
TI  - Obstacles to the treatment of Munchausen by Proxy syndrome.

PMID- 6827003
TI  - The role of television in shaping the attitudes of children.

PMID- 6827004
TI  - Protein, fat, and amino acid content and protein quality of selected pre-prepared
      foods.
AB  - Total protein (Kjeldahl) and fat contents were determined in 24 pre-prepared
      foods as served in a hospital food service line. Amino acid content and protein
      quality were estimated for eight entree foods. Entree foods were 11 to 36%
      protein and provided 22 to 54% of an adult man's RDA for protein as served. Fat
      content of entree foods ranged from 1.5 to 18.6%. Other pre-prepared foods
      (vegetables, salads, fruit gelatins, and desserts) contained 0.4 to 3.3% protein
      and 0.1 and 3.9% fat. The Food and Nutrition Board's recommendations for sulfur
      amino acids were fulfilled by all entree foods as served except "low-calorie, low
      sodium" meatballs, cheese omelette, and Swedish meatballs. Only "low-sodium" and
      regular roast beef and "low-calorie" beef-with-noodles met amino-acid
      requirements for nitrogen balance for older men. Protein quality for all entree
      foods compared favorably with that of -   casein.

PMID- 6827006
TI  - Nutrition communication program: a direct mail approach.
AB  - A nutrition communication model (7) provided the framework for developing and
      evaluating a mass communication program for families with young children. A three
      way interactive communication system via direct mail combined some of the
      attributes of interpersonal communication with the efficiency of mass-mediated
      communication. This interaction within the family and between the family and the
      nutrition communicator was expected to enhance the probability of improvement in
      nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The nutrition program took a
      holistic approach in order to develop an understanding of basic concepts
      important for making decisions about diet and food selection. Results from
      audience lists showed that the communication strategy led to desired interaction,
      particularly within the family reference group. Family discussion occurred
      frequently, and the amount of feedback was moderate. Attention paid to the
      messages was good for fathers and very good for mothers. As measured two weeks
      after program completion, nutrition knowledge increased significantly, and six of
      nine measured behaviors changed in the desired direction. In addition, one-third
      to one-half of the participants reported specific changes in food practices. The
      nutrition communication program was generally effective. The evidence of
      behavioral changes shows that it is possible to influence food practices with a
      mass communication program. These results support the belief that the limited
      effects of mass-mediated programs have been due at least in part to the way the
      channel has traditionally been used.

PMID- 6827007
TI  - Factors affecting the dietary quality of adolescent girls.
AB  - This study investigated variable to differentiate two groups of adolescent girls,
      one consuming a good quality diet and one consuming a poor diet. Of the initial
      sample of 276 adolescent girls surveyed, the 50 girls with the best and 50 with
      the worst diets were identified. No differnece between the groups was found on
      three personality traits (self-esteem, social recognition, and enerty level). The
      use of a multivariate stepwise discriminant function analysis resulted in the
      selection of three variables as the strongest predictors of dietary quality:
      hours per day spent in -  inactive pursuits, ideal body image choices, and past
      dieting attempts.

PMID- 6827005
TI  - Measuring nutrition attitude among university students.
AB  - A nutrition attitude scale for use with university nutrition students was modeled
      on the Carruth and Anderson attitude scale. Content validity for the Attitude
      Toward Nutrition Scale (ATNS) was achieved by a review panel of experts. The ATNS
      and the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale were administered simultaneously for criterion
      related validity indicating a reasonable construct relationship. Reliability was
      demonstrated by a coefficient alpha of 0.84 and a split-half reliabiltiy estimate
      of 0.86. The new scale excludes statements regarding nutrition knowledge and
      avoids sexist language.

PMID- 6827008
TI  - Professional experiences of recent graduates.
AB  - Graduates of a coordinated undergraduate program in dietetics assessed the
      influence on the development of competency of undergraduate education, graduate
      study, continuing education, and work experience. Work and undergraduate
      education were rated as making the greatest contributions toward development of
      competency. Also examined were career patterns from first to current job
      position. In the first position, nearly one-half of the graduates accepted
      clinical jobs and one-fourth general positions. Current positions for one-half of
      the graduates reflect a movement to administration, education, and consultation.

PMID- 6827010
TI  - Education guidelines for self-care living with diabetes.
AB  - Educational processes for those with diabetes can occur in a variety of settings.
      Major problems in education and implementation of programs for this population
      continue to be discussed. Methods for assessing programs' effectiveness in
      establishing adherence to individual regimens are developing. Health care
      professionals have assumed that individuals who are better informed make better
      decisions. This assumption implies that exposure to a body of facts and
      opportunities to develop technical skills provide the necessary elements for self
      care and thus responsibility for self-health-care. Until sufficient data either
      confirm or negate these assumptions, programs to develop these skills and
      knowledge will continue. Educational program planning should occur in a
      systematic way with the process of the learning experiences identified along with
      an evaluation of the outcome of the program objectives. This educational model
      described (SURVIVAL, HOME MANAGEMENT, and LIFE STYLE) provides a systematic
      method for developing educational programs in a variety of health care and
      community settings. Diabetes self-care programs can be evaluated for content,
      design, and process. Their outcome in terms of short-term health behavior skills
      can also be measured. The yet unanswered question remains: Do educational
      programs resulting in desirable individual behaviors (adherence) make a
      difference in the long-term effects, quality of life, and avoidance of disability
      in the diabetic population? The answers may come in the future through well
      controlled and defined evaluative research studies. The profession of dietetics
      is an important part of the future. Have we been effective in our counseling or
      educational endeavors and, if so, can that professional function be documented?
      Current economic trends are stimulating to cost-effective research. Although
      research studies to demonstrate such effectiveness are difficult to design, the
      current "Guidelines" provide a model for evaluating outcome of educational
      programs in terms of the knowledge and skills necessary for self-care.

PMID- 6827009
TI  - Dietetic technicians' performance: supervisory and self-assessments.
AB  - The performance of dietetic technicians was examined from two perspectives.
      Supervisors provided evaluation data, and technicians reported priority of
      various task functions. The survey sample consisted of ADA technician members and
      graduates of ADA-approved programs. Most of the technicians reported they were
      functioning in positions requiring backgrounds primarily in nutrition care or
      with equal emphasis on food service management and nutrition. Few were in
      positions with a food service management emphasis. Supervisors' ratings indicated
      the technicians' performance was satisfactory to above average, with general to
      little or no supervision needed.

PMID- 6827011
TI  - A tool for assessing compliance with a diet for diabetes.
AB  - In summary, criteria to define good, acceptable, and unacceptable compliance with
      a CONTROL or HCF diabetic diet were established. With the use of these criteria,
      a simplified system for the evaluation of compliance was developed. The
      compliance system used an interview approach and a checklist on which patients
      recorded their food intake in terms of the number of food exchanges consumed
      throughout the day. The results of this study suggest that (a) research subjects
      will keep accurate food records using a checklist system for up to 30 weeks; (b)
      the described compliance system is a valuable educational tool and can assist in
      the interpretation of clinical data used in diabetes management; and (c) the
      assigned compliance grades correlate with quantitative parameters of diabetic
      control.

PMID- 6827012
TI  - Nutrition in a private day care center.
AB  - The quality of food service and nutrition education at a private day care center
      concerned a registered dietitian who was also a graduate student in public health
      nutrition and the mother of a toddler enrolled at the center. As part of her
      information search, the dietitian discussed her concerns with an
      interdisciplinary team of public health nutritionists, a sanitarian, state
      dietary consultants, and North Carolina Office of Child Day Care Licensing staff.
      Through a study conducted at a day care center, the nutrition education of the
      staff and the children was improved. Sanitation was emphasized in the food
      preparation area, while basic nutrition education concerned with the prevention
      of childhood obesity, iron deficiency anemia, and dental caries was provided to
      the director, the teachers, and the children. Efforts are now being made at the
      state level to improve child day care nutrition standards. Recommendations are
      included for all phases of menu planning, food service, and nutrition education
      in child day care facilities.

PMID- 6827013
TI  - Earlobe creases in a cohort of elderly veterans.

PMID- 6827015
TI  - Success with an inpatient geriatric unit: a controlled study of outcome and
      follow-up.
AB  - To assess the worth of a newly established geriatric unit, outcomes for 50
      subject patients cared for on this unit were compared with outcomes for 50
      control patients. Both groups of patients were hospitalized in Highland View
      Hospital, the chronic illness and rehabilitation section of a major teaching
      hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. Analysis of admission data showed the two groups to
      be closely comparable. All patients were managed by multidisciplinary teams, and
      the length of stay of both groups was comparable. The discharge data showed that
      the subject patients were more independent, with significantly greater numbers
      improving in ambulation and significantly more subject patients being discharged
      to a home setting. Although the patients in the control group were discharged at
      lower levels of function, they showed improvement at follow-up. Follow-up data
      also showed that both groups largely remained in their discharge environments.
      Explanations for these findings are discussed. The results of this study support
      the establishment of geriatric inpatient units.

PMID- 6827014
TI  - Decreased thermogenic response to an oral glucose load in older subjects.
AB  - The thermogenic response to a 100 g oral glucose load was studied by indirect
      calorimetry in 13 older persons (age range, 38-68 years) and compared with that
      of 16 young matched controls of similar body weight (age range, 19-30 years). The
      glucose-induced thermogenesis measured over 180 min and expressed as a per cent
      of the energy content of the glucose load was found to be reduced in the older
      subjects, i.e., 5.8 +/- 0.3 per cent vs 8.6 +/- 0.7 per cent, P less than 0.002).
      This was also accompanied by a significant decrease in the glucose oxidation rate
      when averaged over the same three-hour period following the glucose load, i.e.,
      153 mg/min vs 213 mg/min in the control subjects (P less than 0.001) despite a
      similar time course of glycemia. This study suggests that the thermogenic
      response to an oral glucose load is blunted in older people, and this may
      represent an additional factor that contributes to the decreased energy
      requirement with age and therefore to the increased propensity to obesity if
      energy intake is not adjusted.

PMID- 6827016
TI  - Degenerative calcific valvular disease and systolic murmurs in the elderly.
AB  - By use of echocardiographic and radiologic imaging, a prospective study was made
      of 98 elderly men, 65 to 102 years old, to define degenerative calcific valvular
      disease (DCVD)--its prevalence, morphologic features, functional significance,
      and relationship to systolic murmurs in the elderly. DCVD was diagnosed in 74 per
      cent of the group and murmurs were detected in 55 per cent, the incidences
      increasing with age. Fibrotic and calcific change of the aortic valve was the
      most common abnormality, occurring alone or together with alteration of the
      mitral valve. The murmurs were characteristically early systolic, of low
      intensity and medium pitch, and heard at more than one area. Of the group with
      valve degeneration, only 7 per cent was judged to be functionally significant and
      no more than moderate. It was concluded that DCVD is the cause of most systolic
      murmurs in the elderly and is usually hemodynamically unimportant.
      Echocardiographic criteria are important in identifying those subjects with
      possibly significant valvular dysfunction requiring invasive study.

PMID- 6827018
TI  - A strategy for geriatric teaching.

PMID- 6827017
TI  - Hypertensive crisis induced by interaction of clonidine with imipramine.

PMID- 6827019
TI  - Effects of stress on renal function in the elderly.

PMID- 6827020
TI  - Use of biofeedback to treat incontinence.

PMID- 6827021
TI  - Decrease in the incidence of patient falls in a geriatric hospital after
      educational programs.

PMID- 6827022
TI  - Sex difference in brain atrophy during aging.

PMID- 6827023
TI  - The pain of dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 6827025
TI  - Money matters.

PMID- 6827024
TI  - Residents: the pressure's on the women.

PMID- 6827026
TI  - Open or closed treatment of metatarsal fractures. Indications and techniques.

PMID- 6827027
TI  - Podiatry's responsibility to the diabetic patient.

PMID- 6827029
TI  - Tomographic interpretation of the subtalar joint.

PMID- 6827028
TI  - Suture materials. Properties and uses.

PMID- 6827030
TI  - Resection of common pedal prominences. Navicular, calcaneus, and
      metatarsocuneiform.

PMID- 6827031
TI  - Age-associated changes in human epidermal cell renewal.
AB  - Epidermal cell renewal was assessed nonintrusively in normal human volunteers by
      monitoring the disappearance of a fluorescent marker dye, dansyl chloride, from
      the skin surface. In young adults, stratum corneum transit time was approximately
      20 days, whereas in older adults this was lengthened by more than 10 days.
      Because the number of horny cell layers does not change with age, these data
      indicate that the increased stratum corneum transit time was a reflection of
      diminished epidermal cell proliferation. Additional analysis indicated that the
      decline in epidermal cell renewal may not occur at a constant rate throughout the
      adult lifespan but, instead, remains relatively constant in the younger years and
      then begins to drop dramatically after age 50. This suggests that a linear-spline
      model rather than a simple linear model may be more appropriate for analyzing
      these results.

PMID- 6827032
TI  - Cushingoid pathophysiology of old, massively obese, spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR).
AB  - Male and female, massively obese and nonobese, spontaneously hypertensive rat
      (SHR) which are hypersensitive to stress were kept under quiescent conditions;
      they were autopsied at 15 months of age. The blood pressure of the Obese/SHR
      plateaued at 166 mmHg versus 198 mmHg for the nonobese/SHR. The once massive
      thymi vanished in the Obese/SHR accompanied by greatly enlarged adrenal glands,
      pituitary basophilia, greatly elevated levels of adrenocorticotrophin,
      corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, aldosterone, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia,
      and hyperglycemia. The Obese/SHR were hyperadrenocorticoid compared with their
      nonobese siblings and manifested a Cushingoid spectrum of degenerative changes
      (e.g., thin skin, hypertension, diabetes, kidney stones, and accelerated aging).
      The provision of a nonstressful environment is believed to have dampened the
      usual chronic hyperadrenocorticism and prolonged the lifespan of the Obese/SHR.

PMID- 6827033
TI  - Effects of a high-complex-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and daily exercise on
      individuals 70 years of age and older.
AB  - Data were obtained from 70 individuals (M age = 78.7, SE = 4.1 years) who
      attended the Pritikin Longevity Center's 26-day residential program where they
      were exposed to a high-complex-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, and daily exercise.
      During the 26-day program, serum cholesterol was reduced from 222 (SE = 5) to 179
      (SE = 5) mg/dl, and triglycerides were reduced from 156 (SE = 10) to 141 (SE = 7)
      mg/dl. Body weight was reduced an average of 2.2 kg. Treadmill performance
      increased from 3.7 (SE = .1) to 5.5 (SE = .2) METs. During the final week of the
      program, average daily walking was 5.1 (SE = .3) km. Forty-six hypertensive
      patients reduced their pressure from 154/80 to 150/77 mmHg, with 9 of 18 patients
      discontinuing their antihypertensive medication. Thirteen type II diabetic
      patients reduced their fasting serum glucose from 164 (SE = 4) to 120 (SE = 2)
      mg/dl.

PMID- 6827034
TI  - The structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale scale: a
      reinterpretation.
AB  - This research examines the structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC)
      Morale Scale. A multiple indicator structural equation model including three
      first-order factors and one second-order factor is proposed to account for the
      dimensionality of the PGC Morale Scale. Based on data from the 1968 National
      Senior Citizens Survey, the proposed model is consistently supported and
      replicated across four randomly divided subsamples. Given these results, the
      claim that the PGC Morale Scale is multidimensional is only appropriate for the
      first-order factors. On the level of the second-order, a unidimensional
      interpretation is more accurate.

PMID- 6827035
TI  - Comprehension and retention of television programs by 20- and 60-year olds.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to examine age differences in adults'
      comprehension and retention of television programs; in both studies content
      (level of information) and learner (vocabulary level) variables were explored.
      Fifty older and 50 younger adults participated in each study. Results from
      Experiment I measures of free recall, probe recall, and recognition showed a
      significant age by vocabulary interaction; only older low-verbal adults were
      consistently poorer than their younger counterparts. Experiment II demonstrated
      that the locus of this interaction may be at initial program comprehension rather
      than solely at retrieval. The results were interpreted as demonstrating the
      importance of considering learner characteristics in adult cognitive
      developmental research.

PMID- 6827036
TI  - Interactive imagery and affective judgments improve face-name learning in the
      elderly.
AB  - Groups of elderly adults were taught to learn name-to-face associations using one
      of three different techniques. In a control group (no image) participants were
      taught for each face-name pair to select a prominent facial feature and to
      transform the surname into a concrete word. Persons in a second group (image)
      additionally were taught to employ interactive imagery to form an association
      between the prominent feature and the transformed name. The third group (image +
      judgment) was treated the same as the second except that these individuals were
      also taught to judge the pleasantness of the image association that was formed.
      As predicted, improvement following instruction was minimal when no image
      association was formed but strong when interactive imagery was used. Moreover,
      those persons in the image + judgment group remembered more names than those in
      the image group and showed less forgetting on a measure of delayed recall. In
      addition to replicating and extending the findings of previous research with a
      different sample, the present study demonstrates that semantic orienting tasks
      can be used to enhance the retention of visual image associations as well as the
      simpler stimuli used in prior research.

PMID- 6827037
TI  - An example of age-associated interference in memorizing.
AB  - The study compared young and old intellectually superior individuals (mean ages
      22.8 and 68.8) on Brown-Peterson memory tasks. Each trial required recall of four
      words following 15 seconds of backward counting, with a final recognition test
      for words in a 4-trial block. Each person participated in a switch and nonswitch
      condition of a Wickens paradigm--unchanged category membership of quadruplets for
      nonswitch and trial 4 change for switch. Usual recall loss from trial 2 onwards
      and recovery on trial 4 after a switch was found in both age groups, but
      significantly lower recall was shown by the old on trial 3 and also on trial 4 in
      the nonswitch condition. Recognition by the young was almost perfect, but the old
      had lower scores for words presented on trials 3 and 4 (nonswitch). All memory
      interference in young adults could, therefore, be attributed to retrieval
      difficulty, but a residual proactive deficit occurs in old adults.

PMID- 6827038
TI  - Age, the eye, and the visual channels: contrast sensitivity and response speed.
AB  - Age differences in spatial vision were examined by establishing contrast
      sensitivity functions for young and old adults. In addition, differences in the
      speed of operation of the different visual channels and their contribution to age
      differences in reaction time were assessed in a comparison of response speed to
      sinusoidal gratings of varied spatial frequency. An age-related loss in contrast
      sensitivity was observed primarily for stimuli of intermediate and high spatial
      frequency, an effect apparently due mostly to age-related optical differences.
      Reaction time varied markedly as a function of spatial frequency for the older
      participants, an outcome only partly attributable to age differences in target
      visibility. These data indicate a slowing in the speed of operations of
      individual visual channels and/or a change in the relationship between visual
      channel classes. These findings also raise a question in regard to the meaning
      and comparability of any studies that have used measures of response latency to
      the figural aspects of stimuli.

PMID- 6827039
TI  - Age-related effects on the threshold, psychophysical function, and pleasantness
      of menthol.
AB  - Participants were 20 persons half of whom were 18 to 26 years of age (M = 21) and
      half of whom were over 65 years (M = 75). All were ambulatory,
      noninstitutionalized, and reported good to excellent health. The stimulus was
      menthol delivered in air to the nostrils. Threshold was measured using the up
      down staircase method. Intensity and pleasantness were measured by magnitude
      estimation. The average threshold for the elderly participants was significantly
      higher than for young participants. The median slope of the intensity function
      was steeper by a factor of two for younger adults. The average pleasantness
      functions were steeper for the younger persons. Finally, although the younger
      adults found menthol less pleasant with repeated exposure, the elderly persons
      showed no effect of exposure. The results suggest that the average, healthy
      elderly person's odor/trigeminal world differs from that of the young adult.
      Further experiments are exploring the relative contributions of olfactory,
      trigeminal, and cognitive factors in producing this change.

PMID- 6827040
TI  - Effects of physiological aging on vowel spectral noise.
AB  - Vowel spectral noise was studied in the sustained phonations of 48 men
      representing two levels of physiological condition (good and poor) within each of
      three chronological age groups (25 to 35, 45 to 55, and 65 to 75 years). Results
      indicated physiological condition was significantly correlated with noise
      rankings, whereas chronological age and noise were not significantly correlated.
      These findings support the notion that physiological condition is a significant
      variable to consider in the analysis of acoustic characteristics of voice.

PMID- 6827041
TI  - Aged parents and their widowed daughters: a support relationship.
AB  - This study examined the role of social support from parents, as well as other
      family members, friends and neighbors for the psychological well-being of 98
      recent and still grieving widows. The survey results suggest that the
      effectiveness of the social support provided recent widows is largely dependent
      upon who is providing it. Aged parents were the must crucial sources of support;
      even large amounts of support from others, including their own children, was
      virtually ineffective. This research suggests that more attention should be
      focused on the important ways middle-aged or older children may depend upon their
      elderly parents.

PMID- 6827042
TI  - Claims that retirement improves health.
AB  - The notion that retiring can benefit health has gone largely unexplored, though
      large proportions of retirees retrospectively claim improved health upon
      retirement. Although some of these claims may have a medical basis, it is more
      likely that retirees perceive that their health has improved due to the reduced
      role demands that may accompany retirement. This study used prospective data to
      compare men who claimed that retirement had a good effect on their health (n =
      114) with men who claimed no effect of retirement on health (n = 149). Results
      showed that retrospective claims of good effects were not corroborated by a
      corresponding longitudinal, pre- to post-retirement improvement in self-reported
      health. Claims of good effects, however, were indeed more likely among men whose
      retirement entailed the reduction of prior job strain and role demands, thereby
      supporting the interpretation that such claims represent the enhancement of
      functional health status.

PMID- 6827043
TI  - Environmental predictors of well-being for at-risk older adults in a mid-sized
      city.
AB  - The influence of the physical and social environment on the well-being of a
      sample of 224 community-residing elderly adults is the focus of this study.
      Environmental predictors of well-being included house type, neighborhood quality,
      crime rate, age concentration at the block and census tract levels, distance to
      services and to city center, and social status of the neighborhood. These
      predictors were entered into five separate multiple linear regression analyses to
      determine the extent to which they explained the variance in five indicators of
      well-being: life satisfaction, activity level, social contacts, neighbor
      interaction, and neighborhood satisfaction. Personal characteristics of the
      respondents (sex, age, health, and social class) were controlled in these
      analyses. Well-being for this sample is associated with living in well-maintained
      neighborhoods that are primarily residential in character and that are located
      outside the center of the city.

PMID- 6827044
TI  - The effects of streptokinase on ischemic flaps.
AB  - Prolonged ischemic periods may inhibit success in microsurgical procedures.
      Impairment of fibrinolytic activity could be a factor contributing to this
      problem. Ischemic epigastric flaps in the rat were used as a model to measure the
      potential of streptokinase to improve blood flow and tissue survival. A moderate
      but statistically significant improvement in flap survival was observed and is
      felt to be due to the enhancement of fibrinolytic activity previously impaired by
      ischemia. Saline irrigation alone in control animals was found to be detrimental
      to flap survival. Streptokinase might prove beneficial when dealing with an
      ischemic replant or free flap.

PMID- 6827045
TI  - Gentle passage of nerve grafts.

PMID- 6827046
TI  - The nonregenerative tendon cell--science or nonsense?

PMID- 6827047
TI  - Arthrography of the wrist.
AB  - Eighty-four wrist arthrograms were performed on 76 patients with posttraumatic
      wrist pain. Instillation of a small amount of contrast media into the radiocarpal
      joint under fluoroscopic control was helpful in delineating specific areas of
      pathology about the wrist. Comparison of the arthrographic findings with the
      plane films of 74 patients and the operative findings of 24 patients revealed
      that the arthrogram was most helpful in delineating perforations of the
      scapholunate ligament, the lunotriquetral ligament, the triangular fibrocartilage
      complex, and the wrist joint capsule.

PMID- 6827048
TI  - The role of radiography and computerized tomography in the diagnosis of
      subluxation and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
AB  - The diagnosis of an isolated subluxation or dislocation of the distal radioulnar
      joint (DRUJ) may be extremely difficult to make from the standard radiographic
      examination. Radiographs and computerized tomographic (CT) scans of cadaver
      wrists were used to evaluate subluxation and dislocation of the DRUJ. Both
      subluxation and and dislocation could be accurately diagnosed from a true lateral
      radiographic projection of the wrist with the forearm in neutral rotation.
      Minimal supination or pronation of the forearm led to inaccurate diagnosis. A
      single CT scan through the DRUJ was diagnostic for subluxation and dislocation in
      all positions of forearm rotation. Wrist pain, plaster immobilization, or
      suboptimal wrist positioning may make it impossible to obtain a perfect lateral
      view of the wrist, thereby precluding the radiographic diagnosis of DRUJ
      subluxation and dislocation. In this instance, a single CT scan through the DRUJ
      is recommended.

PMID- 6827049
TI  - Management of extensive doxorubicin hydrochloride extravasation injuries.
AB  - Forty patients with extensive doxorubicin hydrochloride extravasation injuries
      are reviewed. These injuries were located in critical anatomic areas such as the
      palmar aspect of the wrist, dorsum of the hand, and antecubital fossa.
      Contributing factors were related to local venous pathology, the mode of
      administration, and the lack of recognition of extravasation. Treatment of these
      injuries consisted of extensive debridement of all involved tissue and delayed
      closure by a variety of techniques. The complications and morbidity secondary to
      doxorubicin hydrochloride extravasation are often more disabling than the
      patient's primary disease. The degree of disability is related to the site of
      extravasation, patient's age, and delay before surgical complication. Early
      recognition and excision and delayed closure yield the most successful results.

PMID- 6827050
TI  - Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon transfer for thumb adduction--a study of
      power pinch.
AB  - Eighteen patients with disability due to weak pinch were treated with extensor
      carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) adductor-plasty. Weakness was due to loss of
      function of the adductor pollicis because of ulnar nerve injury, peripheral
      neuropathy, local muscle avulsion, partial amputation, or aplasia. At operation,
      a tendon graft was passed distally through the interspace between the second and
      third metacarpals, deep to the adductor pollicis, and then sutured to the tendon
      of the adductor pollicis. Proximally, the graft was tunneled subcutaneously at
      the dorsum of the wrist and sutured to the detached ECRB. Tendon length was
      adjusted so that the radial side of the thumb was in the plane of the palm with
      the wrist straight. For patients with weak thumb abduction due to combined median
      and ulnar nerve palsy, the graft was made slightly longer. Of the 18 patients
      operated upon, eight had tendon transfers for abduction of the index finger
      performed simultaneously with thumb adductor-aplasty. In those patients treated
      for weakness due to adductor paralysis or avulsion, the mean tip-to-side pinch in
      the injured hand was 25% that of the normal hand. Postoperatively, mean pinch
      force was doubled. No patient had difficulty in phase conversion. Two patients
      had limited thumb abduction postoperatively. Both had thenar paralysis. No
      patient lost wrist function as a result of the operation.

PMID- 6827051
TI  - Identification of involved tissue during surgical treatment of doxorubicin
      induced extravasation necrosis.
AB  - The extravascular escape of intravenously administered doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
      leads to a painful, slowly enlarging subcutaneous lesion which, if not diagnosed,
      will progress to a chronic severe cellulitis with inflammatory reaction,
      ulceration of the skin, and possible further involvement. Past attempts at
      immediate treatment have failed because of, or have been complicated by,
      incomplete removal of the doxorubicin with continuing tissue necrosis. Three
      patients who underwent antineoplastic therapy with doxorubicin suffered
      extravasation leading to deep tissue necrosis requiring skin grafts. In all cases
      identification of doxorubicin-containing tissue was accomplished by injection of
      fluorescein. The residual necrotic tissue that did not fluoresce was removed. A
      protocol is presented to detect doxorubicin extravasation and distinguish the
      viable from the nonviable components.

PMID- 6827052
TI  - Giant cell lesion of bone of the hand with particular emphasis on giant cell
      reparative granuloma.

PMID- 6827053
TI  - Treatment of nail bed avulsions with split-thickness nail bed grafts.
AB  - Experimental studies with squirrel monkeys indicated the feasibility of split
      thickness grafting of segments of the nail bed. Thin grafts, when taken from the
      nail bed, achieved excellent take over of the avulsed areas. Thirty-one patients
      with avulsion of segments of the nail bed were treated with split-thickness nail
      bed grafts. The injured nail bed had sufficient residual nail bed to serve as a
      donor site in 24 patients. The remaining seven patients required split-thickness
      grafts from the lateral one third of the great toe. Of the 31 treated nail beds,
      there was a total of five deformities in which there was either nonadherence of
      the nail or irregularity of the nail surface. Twenty-six had nails with no
      deformity. No deformities occurred in the graft donor area. The split-thickness
      nail bed graft offers the advantage of frequent availability of tissue on the
      same injured digit and the absence of donor site deformity, whether on the same
      injured digit or a donor great toe.

PMID- 6827054
TI  - The "antenna" procedure for the "hook-nail" deformity.
AB  - The hook-nail deformity is a relatively common problem after fingertip
      amputations. It is usually ignored but can be quite disabling. This deformity can
      be corrected by a carefully planned operation. Most of the curved nail plate is
      removed, the pulp is reflected from the distal phalanx out to a normal contour,
      and then the full thickness of the nail bed is elevated off the distal phalanx
      and splinted by multiple small Kirschner pins in a straight position. The defect
      created is covered with a cross finger flap.

PMID- 6827055
TI  - A circumferential fingernail--fingernail on the palmar aspect of the finger.

PMID- 6827056
TI  - Storage of amputated parts prior to replantation--an experimental study with
      rabbit ears.
AB  - Forty mature rabbit ears were completely amputated and stored by different
      methods for 24 hours and then replanted. This study suggests that there is no
      significant difference among conventional methods of storage as long as the part
      is not frozen or allowed to become normothermic for more than 2 hours. Equal
      viability rates in replantation surgery may be expected by storing the severed
      part by wrapping it in a cloth moistened in Ringer's lactate solution or normal
      saline and placing the packet on ice, or by total immersion of the severed part
      in either of these solutions contained in a plastic bag that is placed on ice.
      Undesirable freezing is less likely to occur by the immersion method.

PMID- 6827057
TI  - Quadrilateral space syndrome.
AB  - This uncommon syndrome is caused by compression of the posterior humeral
      circumflex artery and axillary nerve or one of its major branches in the
      quadrilateral space. Forward flexion and/or abduction and external rotation of
      the humerus aggravate the symptoms. Discrete point tenderness is always found
      posteriorly in the quadrilateral space. Patients with appropriate history and
      physical findings should have a subclavian arteriogram done by the Seldinger
      technique. A positive arteriogram reveals occlusion of the posterior humeral
      circumflex artery with the arm in abduction and external rotation. Patients with
      sufficient symptoms not responding to conservative treatment and having a
      positive subclavian arteriogram and local tenderness over the quadrilateral space
      should be considered for surgical decompression. A posterior approach is
      recommended. Of the 18 patients operated on, eight have had dramatic and complete
      relief, eight have been improved, and two have shown no improvement.

PMID- 6827058
TI  - An accessory flexor digitorum profundus indicis.
AB  - An accessory flexor digitorum profundus indicis was found during a recent hand
      exploration. It was a separate muscle-tendon unit lying ulnar to the main flexor
      digitorum profundus indicis and joined the latter at the level of the distal
      palmar crease. Its insertion was by both tendon and a small muscle belly.

PMID- 6827059
TI  - Compression of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve--a case report.
AB  - This is a case report of an entrapment neuropathy of the deep motor branch of the
      ulnar nerve as it exits from Guyon's canal, which caused paralysis without ulnar
      sensory loss of all the ulnar innervated intrinsic muscles except the abductor
      digiti quinti.

PMID- 6827060
TI  - A morphologic study of the relationship of collateral ligaments to growth plates
      in the digits.
AB  - The precise origin and insertion of collateral ligaments to metacarpals and
      phalanges prior to growth plate closure is not clearly described in textbooks or
      journals. This study delineates such attachments by gross dissection and
      microscopic evaluation. Middle and distal phalangeal attachments are to epiphyses
      and metaphyses, whereas attachments at the metacarpophalangeal joint are almost
      entirely to the epiphyses of metacarpal and proximal phalanges. The clinical
      significance of these differences is not known.

PMID- 6827061
TI  - Palmar dislocation of the trapezoid--case report.

PMID- 6827062
TI  - Neurovascular cutaneous flaps for the management of radiation-induced fingertip
      dermal necrosis.
AB  - Acute local radiation burns to the fingertips of two patients were treated by
      late excision of the ulcerations and resurfacing with both free and axial island
      neurovascular cutaneous flaps. This technique has the advantage over local flaps
      and skin grafts of not only restoring fingertip function and relieving pain but
      also bringing in new blood supply to an area previously rendered ischemic.

PMID- 6827063
TI  - Congenital malposition of flexor pollicis longus--an anatomy note.
AB  - Congenital malposition of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL), characterized by
      partial insertion of its tendon into the extensor tendon of the thumb, has been
      described by several authors. During treatment of a patient with this problem, we
      identified significant abnormalities of the more proximal anatomy of the hand,
      including perforation of the transverse carpal ligament by the FPL, a common
      muscular origin of the FPL and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon to the
      index finger, and branches of the median nerve both palmar and dorsal to the
      preaxial border of the thumb. Knowledge of those possible anatomical
      abnormalities associated with malposition of the FPL will aid in the design of
      reconstructive procedures.

PMID- 6827064
TI  - Desmoid tumor of the hand--case report and literature review.

PMID- 6827065
TI  - Restoration of flexor pollicis longus function by flexor digitorum superficialis
      transfer.
AB  - Fourteen patients were treated by flexor digitorum superficialis transfer for
      irreparable flexor pollicis longus lesions. Results measured by return of
      interphalangeal joint motion were good in 12 patients, with one patient achieving
      a fair result and one failure. This is a reliable procedure in thumbs with a
      grade I or II (Boyes) tendon bed and should be considered as an alternative to
      free tendon grafting for reconstruction in patients in whom return of
      interphalangeal motion is desirable.

PMID- 6827066
TI  - Prediction of susceptibility to the porcine stress syndrome.
AB  - An experiment designed to compare different predictors of porcine stress syndrome
      (PSS) was conducted. Animals were exposed to the anesthetic gas, halothane, and
      their reactions monitored to determine susceptibility or resistance to PSS. Two
      blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) traits plus their logs10 were examined as
      predictors of PSS susceptibility. These were Sigma CPK, Antonik CPK, log Sigma
      CPK, and log Antonik CPK. The accuracy of these predictors varied from 87 percent
      to 91 percent in agreement with halothane-determined stress susceptibility. In
      addition, the relationship of PSS and blood types systems (AO,H) were studied.
      Two blood types, (+,-/-) and (-,+/+), were consistently stress susceptible while
      three blood types, (+,a/a), (+,a/c), and (+,c/-), were consistently stress
      resistant. However, one blood type (+,a/-) contained both stress-susceptible and
      stress-resistant individuals.

PMID- 6827067
TI  - Gene map of the new world Bolivian owl monkey, Aotus.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids between rodent cells and owl monkey cells preferentially
      segregating primate chromosomes were selected for mapping owl monkey genes.
      Concordant segregation of phenotype and chromosome in 35 independent hybrid
      clones and 105 subclones with different reduced owl monkey complements provided
      evidence for the assignment of 17 gene loci to 9 chromosomes of the Bolivian owl
      monkey with a karyotype VI (2n = 49 male, 50 female). The assignments include:
      MDH1 to chromosome 2, MDH2 to chromosome 4, FH to chromosome 6, LDHB to
      chromosome 10, NP-MPI-PKM2-SORD to chromosome 11, PGM1-PGD-AK2-ENO1 to chromosome
      12, LDHA to chromosome 19, GPI to chromosome 25 and PGK-G6PD-GLA to the X
      chromosome.

PMID- 6827070
TI  - Cellular synthesis of macromolecular glycogen and its deposition.
AB  - The largest macromolecules of glycogen synthesized histochemically in tissue
      cells were spherical branching bodies composed of several large branches with
      many smaller branches, presumably containing a Meyer structure of alpha-1,4-1,6
      glucosidic linkages. The synthesized macromolecules of glycogen were variable in
      size and structure, and were closely related to the activities of enzymes,
      phosphorylase, branching glycosyltransferase, and glycogen synthetase. The
      glycogen molecules appeared to be individually free in the cytoplasmic matrices.
      It is possible that they are synthesized there, and not related to the membrane
      system.

PMID- 6827069
TI  - Narrow axis: an inherited anomaly of the second cervical vertebra in the rabbit.
AB  - Narrow axis, an inherited anomaly resulting in a marked narrowing of the second
      cervical vertebra, has been observed in strain X/J rabbits. This condition is
      first recognizable on X rays at 32-33 days gestation. For size comparisons 21
      measurements of the first five cervical vertebrae were taken on the skeletons of
      each of 14 strain X/J animals (7 normal and 7 with narrow axis) and 14 IIIC/J
      animals for control at two months of age and 27 strain X/J (11 normal and 16
      narrow axis) and 14 strain IIIC/J at seven months of age. The primary effect
      appeared to be a premature fusion of the centrum with its neural arches.
      Expression is variable. The effect on the posterior articulation of the atlas
      appeared to be secondary and adaptive. The other cervical vertebrae and the
      foramen magnum were relatively unaffected. In the 20-year period encompassed in
      this report, X rays of 3244 rabbits were used for genetic analysis. Inheritance
      appears to be due to a single autosomal recessive gene with incomplete
      penetrance. The condition is neither sex-linked nor sex-limited. We propose the
      symbol nx for the gene responsible for narrow axis in the rabbit.

PMID- 6827068
TI  - Analysis of the human sex ratio. Factors influencing family size in Libya.
AB  - In 1981, data were obtained on sex of children and family size for 502 University
      of Garyounis, Benghazi, Libya, students and their parents. Secondary sex ratios
      (males: 100 females) were 105.1 for the parental and 106.7 for the present
      generations. Average numbers of children per family were 10.67 (5.48 males, 5.19
      females) and 7.77 (4.01 males, 3.76 females) for the parental and present
      generations, respectively. Average number of children per family was influenced
      by level of formal education of the parents, especially that of the mother. The
      percentages of families stopping with three, four, five, and six children were
      greater when both sexes were present than when existing children were of the same
      sex; however, these differences associated with combinations of sexes were not
      significant. The lack of significant correlations between sexes of children
      within families, the absence of consistent patterns of significant chi-squares in
      the factorial analysis of associations between sexes of different births, and the
      agreement between observed and expected frequencies of sexes of children within
      families indicated a high degree of independence between sexes of children within
      families of the Libyan population.

PMID- 6827071
TI  - Ultracytochemical observations on intracytoplasmic lipids by enzymic digestive
      methods: histochemical trials.
AB  - The penetration of Rhizopus arrhizus lipase into ethionine fatty livers was
      examined histochemically. A free-floating, 30 microns thick Vibratome section of
      the livers perfused with aldehydes was shown to be suitable for ultracytochemical
      analysis by the lipase digestive method. Accessibility of phospholipids in the
      outer membrane of erythrocytes to Naja naja phospholipase A2 was observed under a
      light microscope, and intact red cells were used for the ultracytochemical
      analysis by the phospholipase digestive method. Ultracytochemical pictures of
      cytoplasmic lipids in these materials subjected to the enzymatic digestive method
      are presented.

PMID- 6827073
TI  - Calcium detection in secretion granules of avian oviduct by scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX).
AB  - Secretion granules in the shell gland, isthmus, and albumin-secreting region of
      the hen oviduct were analyzed with WET-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
      EDX, a combination of wide-angle backscattered electron detector (BED) and energy
      dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). Glutaraldehyde-fixed but unhydrated,
      unstained, and uncoated samples were analyzed; Ca was localized in all secretion
      granules in all three sections of the hen oviduct studied.

PMID- 6827072
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of gastric carcinomas and associated diseases: novel
      distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory component on the surface
      of gastric cancer cells.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and secretory component (SC) were localized by
      peroxidase-labeled antibody immunocytochemistry in normal and abnormal human
      gastric mucosa. In normal epithelium, both glycoproteins were absent or only
      faintly present, but in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma both were prominently
      present. CEA and SC on the surfaces of metaplastic epithelial cells were
      polarized. That is, CEA was expressed only on the microvillous surface and SC was
      expressed only on the basolateral surface. In gastric cancer, CEA and SC were
      distributed over the entire surface of the neoplastic cells. Thus, deviations
      from the normal differentiation and maturation of gastric epithelial cells were
      accompanied by abnormalities in surface expression of CEA and SC. These
      observations, together with compatible observations previously made in colonic
      neoplasia (DJ Ahnen, PK Nakane, and WR Brown, Cancer 49:2077, 1982), suggest that
      loss of polarity of surface membrane components is a characteristic of neoplastic
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 6827074
TI  - Lysosomal heterogeneity in exocrine acinar cells.

PMID- 6827075
TI  - Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of Golgi apparatus and GERL of certain secretory
      cells.

PMID- 6827076
TI  - The microcomputer-based color image analyzer and its application to
      histochemistry.
AB  - For quantification of histochemical reactions, color image analysis, as well as
      cytophotometry, is important. However, the extremely large amount of information,
      usually more than one million bits per image, involved in one microscopic picture
      of a colored histochemical specimen, when digitalized, has inhibited attempts to
      develop a more convenient system of color image analysis. Recent advances in
      microcomputer technology have now made it possible to build, at a reasonable
      cost, an intelligent color terminal equipped with array-processing hardware, a
      sufficiently large video random-access memory to represent 4096 colors in each
      pixel, and packages of machine language subroutines called "macro-commands" in
      the form of read-only memory that can process color images within a few seconds.
      This intelligent terminal can easily be controlled by a small personal computer
      via an IEEE-488 interface bus. The digitalized color image can be stored in and
      retrieved from a floppy disk. As the macro-commands in this system are controlled
      by BASIC program through CALLS with parameters, it is highly flexible and adapts
      readily to the varied needs of histochemists. Reported on herein will be the
      instrumentation of the microcomputer-based color image analyzer and a few
      examples of applications of this system to histochemistry: color intensification
      of cytochemical reactions, quantification of enzyme (e.g., horseradish
      peroxidase) reaction products, periodic acid-Schiff staining, collagen fibers
      visualized by Azan-Mallory stain, etc. Possible future applications of this color
      image analyzer will also be discussed.

PMID- 6827077
TI  - How useful are microcomputers in histochemical studies?

PMID- 6827078
TI  - A novel cytochemical marker for liposome decomposition in lysosomes.
AB  - The endocytosis of large unilamellar liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine by
      the cultured Chinese hamster V-79 cells is demonstrated with electron microscopy
      cytochemistry. A novel cytochemical marker, 5-Br,4-Cl,3-indolylphosphate (BCIP)
      is used. This marker is a soluble and colorless substrate for the lysosomal acid
      phosphatase and can be readily entrapped in liposomes. The product of the
      enzymatic reaction, 5-Br,4-Cl,3-hydroxy indole, rapidly self-condenses and
      becomes an insoluble derivative of indigo blue. In thin section transmission
      electron microscopy, the condensed product appears as electron-dense deposits in
      the lysosomes. Since the electron-dense deposit only appears when the endocytosed
      liposomes are delivered to the lysosomes as the result of phagosome-lysosome
      fusion, this marker provides a unique cytochemical means to reveal those
      liposomes that are lysosomotropic and are actually decomposed within the
      lysosomes. No electron-dense deposits are found in the liposome-treated cells in
      the presence of chloroquine, or a combination of NaN3 and deoxyglucose. As a
      comparison, we have also used horseradish peroxidase entrapped in liposomes to
      confirm the endocytic uptake of liposomes. Using a radioactive marker, 125I
      labeled lysozyme, entrapped in liposomes, it is shown that about 20-30% of
      liposome uptake by V-79 cells is due to endocytosis.

PMID- 6827079
TI  - Vascular permeability in the rat eye to endogenous albumin and immunoglobulin G
      (IgG) examined by immunohistochemical methods.
AB  - Vascular permeability in the rat retina and choroid was examined by localizing
      endogenous albumin (radius, 35 A) and immunoglobulin G (IgG; radius, 55 A) by
      immunohistochemistry. Three techniques were used: protein A-horseradish
      peroxidase, peroxidase-antiperoxidase, and avidin-horseradish peroxidase. The
      protein A-horseradish peroxidase method yielded the least amount of tissue
      background staining with a high degree of reaction product found in blood
      vessels. With this method albumin was identified in retinal capillaries, the
      choriocapillaris, larger choroidal vessels, and in the stroma of the choroid.
      Very low levels were found in Bruch's membrane. Reaction product due to IgG was
      also present intravascularly, but little reaction product was present around the
      large vessels of the choroid and none was identified in Bruch's membrane.
      Comparisons were made between these localizations and those of intravenously
      injected hemeprotein tracers of similar size.

PMID- 6827080
TI  - Complement-mediated cytolysis: a quick, simple method for determining levels of
      immunoglobulin E bound to mast cells.

PMID- 6827081
TI  - Soluble compound electron microscope (EM) autoradiography: a resolution source to
      test redistribution of soluble tritiated compounds during processing.
AB  - The development of a resolution source that can be labeled with either a soluble
      or insoluble tritiated compound, and of a method for applying a dry, uniform
      monolayer of emulsion is reported. Influences due to redistribution of the
      soluble isotope during emulsion coating were measured by comparing the grain
      density distributions around the resolution source for soluble tritiated proline
      (3H-PRO) with that obtained for cross-linked tritiated bovine serum albumin (3H
      BSA). The grain density distributions resulting from a standard method of
      emulsion application (partly gelled/loop method) are compared to that obtained
      from a dry stripping film. It was found that only the dry stripping film gave a
      grain distribution which was statistically not different for the soluble and
      insoluble specimens.

PMID- 6827083
TI  - Lectin binding sites in kidney. A comparative study of 14 animal species.
AB  - Six fluorochrome-coupled lectins with different sugar specificities were used to
      stain frozen tissue sections of kidneys from 14 animal species including mammals,
      avians, reptiles, and fresh water fish. Each lectin seemed to have a species-,
      but not strain-, specific binding pattern. Some lectins, however, bound to the
      same parts of the nephron in all animals studied. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)
      bound prominently to glomeruli in all kidneys. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA)
      seemed to bind to only a group of distal tubules in most animals, whereas either
      proximal or distal tubules were revealed with soybean (SBA) and peanut (PNA)
      agglutinins. Heterogeneity of basement membranes in different nephron parts was
      seen in the binding of some lectins. Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA I), binding
      specifically to endothelial cells in human tissues, did not react with the
      endothelium of any other species, but SBA and PNA seemed to prominently stain
      vascular endothelia of cow and hen vessels, respectively. These results show a
      species-specific compartmentalization of saccharides to certain parts of the
      nephron, while there appears to be some common features in saccharide
      distribution between different animal species as well.

PMID- 6827082
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of serotonin-containing cells
      in rabbit tracheal epithelium.
AB  - Tracheal endocrine cells (TECs) that contain serotonin have been characterized
      previously by staining with ferric ferricyanide. In the present article, the
      ferric ferricyanide staining reaction has been used to locate the TECs in
      deplasticized thick sections of Epon-embedded rabbit tracheas. Adjacent thin
      sections of the same cell were subsequently observed by electron microscopy. The
      TECs were filled with dense-core vesicles (DCVs) located in the cytoplasm between
      the nucleus and the lumen and also lateral to the nucleus. In a separate
      experiment, pieces of rabbit trachea were treated with a solution of
      glutaraldehyde-dichromate to demonstrate the presence of amines. High levels of
      chromium were detected in the DCVs by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The
      results from these studies have correlated the ultrastructure of a serotonin
      containing endocrine cell present in rabbit tracheal epithelium with a cell type
      previously characterized only by light and fluorescence histochemical methods.
      The results also indicate that serotonin in these cells is stored in the DCVs.

PMID- 6827084
TI  - Histochemical studies on lectin binding in reactive lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Using the avidin-biotin-labeled peroxidase complex (ABC) method, the staining
      reaction of a panel of 12 biotin-labeled lectins was studied in formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded reactive lymph nodes and tonsils. Varying degrees of lectin
      binding were observed in lymphoid cells and macrophage-histiocytes with
      Concanavalin ensiformis (Con A), Lens culinaris (LCA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA),
      Pisum sativum (PSA), Ricinus communis (RCA), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA)
      agglutinins, but no evidence of binding was observed with Dolichos biflorus
      (DBA), Bandieraea simplicifolia (BSA), Arachis Hypogaea (PNA), Glycine soja
      (SBA), Sophora japonica (SJA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA) agglutinins. Three major
      patterns of binding were seen: the reaction products occurred along the plasma
      membranes (membranous), were confined to one pole of the cell membrane (cap
      like), or were present diffusely in cytoplasm (cytoplasmic). The cells showing
      membranous and cap-like staining patterns corresponded to the lymphoid cells, as
      did the cytoplasmic to plasma cell and macrophage-histiocytes. Cap-like staining
      was observed on the lymphocytes at B and T cell areas with all six lectins. Thus,
      the presence of cap-like staining may not be useful for discrimination between B
      and T cells. Membranous staining, in contrast, was limited to lymphocytes of
      follicles (B cells) with PSA and LCA, and to germinal center cells with PHA, WGA,
      Con A, and RCA also reacted with the membrane of T-cell. The cytoplasmic staining
      reaction of macrophage-histiocytes varied markedly from one lectin to the other.
      Our study indicates that the carbohydrate moiety of the cells retains their
      binding sites for lectins through routine processing, providing a means of valid
      retrospective studies. Furthermore, these observations suggest that each lectin,
      despite its identical inhibitory sugar, should be tested for its unique reaction
      pattern, which is not predictable from the data derived from cell suspension
      studies.

PMID- 6827085
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies for the localization of tissue isoantigens A and B
      in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
AB  - Employing the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, monoclonal antisera against
      blood group antigens A and B were used to localize the corresponding tissue
      isoantigens in normal ureter and transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and
      renal pelvis in 29 patients. All five cases of normal ureters showed positive
      staining of tissue isoantigens within the transitional epithelium, and all twelve
      cases of noninvasive transitional cell carcinoma showed similar staining in tumor
      cells. Of the remaining twelve cases who had invasive tumor, eight lacked tissue
      isoantigens, while four cases exhibited positive staining. These results support
      the earlier findings that normal urothelium and noninvasive transitional cell
      carcinoma of the urinary tract possess ABO tissue isoantigens, while these
      isoantigens are most frequently absent in invasive tumors. In addition, this
      study also demonstrates that invasive transitional cell carcinoma of ureters and
      renal pelvis may continue to possess tissue isoantigens when studied by this
      sensitive, specific method.

PMID- 6827086
TI  - Identification of ending containing dopamine and vasopressin in the rat posterior
      pituitary by a combination of radioautography and immunocytochemistry at the
      ultrastructural level.
AB  - In order to study the morphological relationship between the dopaminergic and the
      vasopressinergic endings in the rat posterior pituitary, a combination of
      radioautography and immunocytochemistry techniques was applied to the same
      ultrathin section of the posterior pituitary. Immunocytochemical localization
      (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) of vasopressin was first applied, followed
      by the radioautography detection of [3H] dopamine that had been injected 30 and
      60 min before fixation. This double labeling technique has established that the
      dopaminergic endings that contain both dense core vesicles (60-100 nm in
      diameter) and small clear vesicles are always found in close proximity to
      vasopressinergic neurosecretory endings, suggesting an interaction between these
      two systems. This relatively easy approach should be very useful to study the
      connections between different neurotransmitter systems in the nervous system.

PMID- 6827087
TI  - Anterograde labeling of selective axons with modified horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) histochemistry.

PMID- 6827088
TI  - Quantitation of proteins and internal antigen pools by a monoclonal sandwich
      radioimmune assay.
AB  - We describe a monoclonal sandwich radioimmune assay (MSRA) that is capable of
      measuring 0.5 fmoles of protein antigens. The basis of the assay is the ability
      of most rabbit heteroantisera directed against protein antigens to precipitate
      labeled monoclonal Fab-antigen complexes. The assay offers the advantages of
      specificity, sensitivity, linearity and rapidity. The MSRA circumvents the need
      for preparation of either highly purified protein antigens for use in radioimmune
      inhibition assays or affinity purified antisera for sandwich immunoassays.
      Utilizing variations of MSRA protocols, we determined that 48% of FcR gamma
      2b/gamma 1, 34% of an 90,000 Mr glycoprotein identified by monoclonal antibody
      2D2C, and 24% of an 82,000 Mr glycoprotein identified by monoclonal antibody 2E2A
      were accessible to labeled Fab probes at the plasma membrane. The total amount of
      antigen per cell was determined by dividing the amount of antigen at the cell
      surface (determined from binding saturation assays) by the percentage of
      surface/total antigen. This value of total antigen agrees well with the total
      cellular antigen pool determined by MSRA after appropriate corrections for probe
      saturation and recovery of pre-formed Fab-antigen complexes were made.

PMID- 6827089
TI  - Estimation of the specific activity of radioiodinated gonadotrophins: comparison
      of three methods.
AB  - We compared 3 methods for estimating the specific activity of radioiodinated
      gonadotrophins. Two of the methods (column recovery and isotopic dilution) gave
      similar results, while the third (autodisplacement) gave significantly higher
      estimations. In the autodisplacement method, B/T ratios, obtained when either
      labelled hormone alone, or labelled and unlabelled hormone, are added to the
      antibody, were compared as estimates of the mass of hormone iodinated. It is
      likely that immunologically unreactive impurities present in the labelled hormone
      solution invalidate such comparison.

PMID- 6827090
TI  - Detection of circulating immune complexes with a Raji cell enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - The Raji cell assay for circulating immune complexes (CIC) is frequently the
      method of choice when the detection of large, complement fixing complexes is
      desired. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay modification
      (Raji-ELISA) of the Raji cell technique which is easy to perform, uses
      commercially available reagents and is more convenient than the conventional Raji
      cell radioimmune assay (Raji-RIA). Fourteen samples were tested by both assays
      and a good correlation was observed (P = 0.05). Sera from patients with suspected
      immune complex associated diseases were tested in the Raji-ELISA. Unsensitized
      Raji cells gave a value of 1.25 micrograms of immune complex associated IgG/ml.
      Using 2 standard deviations as a cutoff to determine positivity, 2 of 32 healthy
      controls (6.2%) had elevated levels of circulating immune complexes. In our study
      population, 9 of 23 cancer patients (39.1%), 10 of 13 patients with autoimmune
      diseases (76.9%), 3 of 17 patients with positive rheumatoid factor titers
      (17.6%), 1 of 23 pregnant patients (4.3%), 1 of 5 preeclamptic patients (20%) and
      9 of 30 other patients with suspected immune complex associated diseases (30%)
      had elevated levels of CIC.

PMID- 6827092
TI  - Selectivity of angiotensin II antisera.
AB  - A significant problem in the immunoassay of angiotensin II is the cross
      reactivity of most available antisera with the peptide's metabolic products, (des
      Asp1)-angiotensin II and (des-Asp1.Arg2)-angiotensin II. In order to attempt to
      generate antisera of greater selectivity, a variety of conjugates between
      angiotensin II or derivative peptides and carrier proteins were examined as
      immunogens with the aim of generating antisera that would selectively identify
      the amino terminal region of the peptide. Selectivity for the amino terminus was
      achieved by either (1) immunization with N-acetylated angiotensin II-amide which
      had been coupled to rabbit serum albumin by its carboxy terminus, or (2)
      immunization with angiotensin-(1-7)-heptapeptide which was randomly coupled to
      thyroglobulin. The antisera produced with the N-acetylated immunogen cross
      reacted with the unacetylated ligand (Asn1-Val5)-angiotensin, but did not
      recognize the human hormone (Asp1,Ile5)-angiotensin. Carboxy-terminal coupling of
      angiotensin without N-acetylation did not induce selectivity for the amino
      terminus, nor did a conjugate which was linked to the carrier protein via a diazo
      bond to His6 of the peptide. These findings may be explained by the fact that N
      acetylated angiotensin II resists degradation by amino peptidases and thus
      retains its structure in the immunogen and by the fact that the (1-7)
      heptapeptide has lost the immunodominant carboxy-terminal epitope, thus
      emphasizing the desired amino terminal determinant.

PMID- 6827091
TI  - Radioimmunoelectrophoresis, a sensitive method for detecting cleavage of the
      fifth component of human complement (C5).
AB  - A method has been developed for detecting cleavage of human C5 in serum and whole
      blood as a consequence of complement activation. Standard, single-dimension
      immunoelectrophoresis was performed using as antibody a radioiodinated IgG
      fraction prepared from a commercially available antiserum to human C5.
      Autoradiographs developed after radioimmunoelectrophoresis of either normal human
      serum or functionally pure human C5 revealed only one precipitin band. In
      contrast, when either zymosan-treated serum or trypsin-treated human C5 were
      examined with this technique, two additional precipitin bands were detected. One
      migrated more anodally than native C5 while the other remained at the origin
      (cathode). Radioimmunoelectrophoresis was significantly more sensitive as an
      indicator of complement activation in human serum than either measurements of
      total hemolytic complement or a standard assay for complement (C5)-derived
      chemotactic activity.

PMID- 6827093
TI  - Further improvement of dye-exclusion microcytotoxicity assay by introducing low
      melting point agarose into the medium.
AB  - We developed an improved method for the dye-exclusion microcytotoxicity test by
      introducing low melting point agarose (LMP-Aga) into the assay medium. The
      procedures in our method are made very feasible by such noble characteristics of
      LMP-Aga that once solubilized, the sol state is retained at 37 degrees C, while
      once gelated, the gelated state is retained even at 37 degrees C. The most
      important advantage of our method is that even distribution, without any
      accumulation, of the target cells on the bottom surface of the test wells and no
      dislodgement of the target cells from the wells by mechanical force inflicted
      during the assay, enable us to observe the target cells precisely and to obtain
      an accurate percentage of dead target cells. Another advantage of the present
      method is that in complement-mediated cytotoxicity tests, it is possible to use
      unabsorbed normal serum as complement source because naturally occurring
      cytotoxicity in normal serum is completely removed during the diffusion into the
      LMP-Aga medium. Thus it should be concluded that our method is excellent in all
      respects, e.g., accuracy and reproducibility in the results of the test, and
      feasibility of the procedures.

PMID- 6827094
TI  - Preparation of covalent IgG complexes of defined size and their clearance from
      the circulation of mice.
AB  - Covalent complexes of various sizes were made by coupling the photosensitive
      hapten, NAP (4-azido-2-nitrophenyl), to rabbit IgG and reacting the conjugates
      with rabbit anti-NAP antibodies. The resultant oligomers were stable, being
      eluted as the same discrete peaks after chromatography on gels both before and
      after injection into mice. Tests of their biological properties showed they fixed
      guinea pig complement in vitro in a size-dependent manner. Normal mice and mice
      with chronic endogenous circulating complexes cleared the oligomers according to
      size in a manner best described by a two-component exponential curve. There was
      no difference in the clearance rates between the two groups of mice. The
      advantages of these model complexes for examining the effect of circulating
      complexes on the mononuclear phagocyte system are discussed.

PMID- 6827095
TI  - Antigen-binding radioimmunoassays for human IgG antibodies to bovine beta
      lactoglobulin.

PMID- 6827096
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for sperm antibody detection and antigenic
      analysis.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for estimation of antibodies against human
      sperm and for determination of antigenic reactivity of spermatozoal proteins were
      established. Sperm immobilized on PHA-coated microtiter plates or solubilized
      spermatozoal antigens adsorbed on poly(L)-lysine coated microtiter plates were
      used as the solid phase. Assay of sperm antibodies was performed by incubation of
      the test samples with the solid phase followed by incubation with anti-Ig
      conjugated to peroxidase. Sigmoidal antibody dilution curves were obtained with
      rabbit and mouse anti-sperm sera. The ELISA was effectively used to screen
      production of anti-sperm antibodies by mouse myeloma x splenocyte hybridomas. The
      sensitivity of this ELISA for sperm antibodies was more than 1000-fold greater
      than the classical tray sperm immobilization test, and was comparable in
      sensitivity to a radioimmunoassay using 125I-labeled protein A as the tracer.
      Sperm immobilized on PHA-coated plates exhibited significantly greater antigenic
      reactivity in both the ELISA and RIA compared with methanol fixed sperm. In a
      competitive inhibition ELISA, linear Logit-log dose-response curves were obtained
      with detergent solubilized spermatozoal antigens. The assay was used to monitor
      the purification of the solubilized spermatozoal antigens by chromatofocussing; a
      more than 60-fold increase of antigenic potency of purified sperm antigen
      compared with unfractionated sperm extract was evident in the competitive ELISA.

PMID- 6827097
TI  - A simple method for counting adherent cells: application to cultured human
      monocytes, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.
AB  - A simple method was devised for counting small numbers (10(4)-10(6)) of adherent
      mononuclear phagocytes, including populations containing multinucleated giant
      cells, which often arise during cultivation of human blood monocytes. Coverslips
      with adherent cells were transferred into small volumes (50-200 microliters) of
      0.1 M citric acid, pH 2.2, containing 0.05% naphthol blue black and 1.0% of
      either Triton X-100 or Cetavlon. Triton X-100 was adequate for use with monocytes
      and macrophages from early cultures. However, Cetavlon was preferable for use
      with older cultures of adherent human mononuclear cells in order to prevent
      aggregation of the nuclei from giant cells. When multinucleated cells were
      present, separately stained coverslips were inspected to determine the mean
      number of nuclei per cell. This value, together with the number of nuclei per
      coverslip, permitted calculation of the number of cells per coverslip. The latter
      value is not readily derived from measurements of protein or DNA content in
      populations containing multinucleated giant cells. This counting method was
      simpler and more sensitive than several previously reported methods for
      enumerating adherent macrophages.

PMID- 6827098
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for measuring antibodies against muscle
      acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay has been developed for measuring anti
      acetylcholine receptor antibodies from sera of patients with myasthenia gravis or
      tissue culture supernatants from hybridomas. Acetylcholine receptor from a
      detergent extract of muscle tissue was bound indirectly to microtiter plates via
      a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody already coupled to the polyvinyl plates.
      Myasthenic sera or antibodies in tissue culture media were then tested for
      binding to the acetylcholine receptor attached to the monoclonal antibody. Anti
      receptor antibodies were detected in the serum of 80% of myasthenic patients when
      assayed by this method and the levels of antibody corresponded fairly well with
      antibody titers determined by an immunoprecipitation assay. Occasional myasthenic
      patients had serum antibodies which reacted specifically with the monoclonal
      antibody attached to the microtiter plate. The assay described here was far less
      time-consuming than immunoprecipitation assays, required only small quantities of
      receptor, and did not require the use of radioisotopes such as 125I-alpha
      bungarotoxin.

PMID- 6827100
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies derived from immunosuppressed mice grafted with human
      melanoma.
AB  - Hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies against tumor-shed antigens were
      generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from immunosuppressed
      mice bearing human melanoma xenografts. Thirty-eight fusion experiments were
      performed at different stages of tumor growth. Hybridomas producing anti-melanoma
      antibodies were obtained from 12 spleens in mice bearing 1-4-week-old tumors but
      at later stages of tumor growth, no hybridomas whatsoever could be obtained.
      However, the sera of all mice tested showed anti-melanoma antibody binding
      reactivity at the time of fusion. Using radioimmunoassay (RIA) to select specific
      antibody secreting hybridoma cultures, the majority of cultures were found to
      produce antibodies which bound to both 3 M KCl melanoma extracts and melanoma
      culture supernatants. No stable cultures secreting membrane-reactive (live tumor
      cell targets) antibodies could be obtained. All of the monoclonal antibodies
      bound not only to melanoma target cell preparations, but also to preparations
      from tumors of other origins and only 3 did not bind to normal human fibroblasts.
      The crossreactivity pattern of binding was confirmed in immunoperoxidase (IP)
      assays by binding to human tissue sections. The immunosuppressed mouse bearing
      human tumor xenografts has proven a useful system for production of monoclonal
      antibodies against antigens shed by tumor cells.

PMID- 6827101
TI  - Radioimmunoassays for the thymic hormone serum thymic factor (FTS).
AB  - Four radioimmunoassays (RIA) are described for the quantitation of serum thymic
      factor (facteur thymique serique, FTS), a thymic peptide hormone. Each assay
      employs an antibody specific for FTS, synthetic FTS (Glp-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly
      Ser-Asn) as the hormone standard, and a radioiodinated FTS analogue as the
      tracer. Since FTS lacks a tyrosine residue, 2 FTS analogues were synthesized by
      the solid-phase method with tyrosyl-alanyl or 3-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)tyrosyl
      alanyl in place of the amino-terminal pyroglutamyl residue (Glp). They showed
      full FTS immunoreactivity and their radioiodinated derivatives served as FTS
      tracers. Two assays used the antiserum from a rabbit immunized with an FTS
      protein conjugate. Two other assays used a monoclonal antibody against FTS
      produced by a hybridoma derived from mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from a
      BALB/c mouse immunized with an FTS-mouse IgG conjugate (Ohga et al., 1982). All 4
      RIAs were specific for FTS. The more sensitive rabbit antiserum can detect as
      little as 1 pg of FTS in a 50 microliters sample, which may allow quantitation of
      the FTS circulating in human peripheral blood.

PMID- 6827102
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human IgG, IgA and IgM.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay procedures for the quantitation of nanogram quantities of human
      immunoglobulin are described. The techniques have been successfully used to
      measure immunoglobulin secretion in culture supernatants by cultured human
      lymphocytes. Compared with previously published assays to assess lymphocyte
      function in vitro these procedures are simple, quick and reliable. A comparison
      of double-antibody and solid-phase radioimmunoassay is made. Similar sensitivity
      and variability in IgG and IgA assays were observed but it was not possible to
      develop a reliable double antibody radioimmunoassay for IgM. The solid-phase
      assay has several advantages over the double-antibody radioimmunoassays being
      quick to perform and using standard commercial reagents without necessity for
      exhaustive absorption.

PMID- 6827099
TI  - Automated production of monoclonal antibodies in a cytostat.
AB  - Suspension cultures of B cell hybridomas can be maintained in exponential growth,
      by matching their rate of replication with the input of medium. A cytostat has
      been designed to perform this operation automatically. The conditions of
      cytostatic growth were tested on a panel of 10 hybridomas, representing a range
      of growth rates, specificities, affinities, quantities and types of globulins
      produced. No special media were needed, but it was necessary to shield the cells
      from light and stir them at rates lower than 60 rpm. The rate of multiplication
      is, on average, 15% slower than in stationary cultures, but the cells reach
      almost twice the concentration. The yield of immunoglobulin is a direct function
      of the number of live cells and does not depend on their rate growth. All cell
      lines grew well in serum-free medium and produced the equivalent of 50 standard
      tissue culture bottles each day, for period of several weeks.

PMID- 6827103
TI  - Isolation of human IgA and IgM from normal serum using polyethylene glycol
      precipitation and affinity chromatography.
AB  - A simple method is described for the preparation of highly purified IgA and IgM
      from small volumes of human serum. Enriched IgM and IgA fractions were prepared
      by precipitation with 7% (w/v) and 14% (w/v) polyethylene glycol respectively.
      This was followed by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The final
      recovery of both IgA and IgM was approximately 30%. The purified preparations
      obtained were characterized by immunoelectrophoresis, double immunodiffusion,
      radial immunodiffusion, radioimmunoassay and gel filtration.

PMID- 6827104
TI  - Desorption following immunoaffinity chromatography; generalization of a gentle
      procedure for desorbing antigen.
AB  - Possibilities for generalizing the use of 2 gentle procedures for desorption of
      antigens in immunoaffinity chromatography were investigated. The procedures
      involve the use of distilled water as desorbing agent and an interruption period
      during the desorption procedure. Six proteins of different nature and function
      (albumins, globulins, enzymes, glycoproteins) and of different origins (seeds,
      pollen, eggs) were tested with use of the corresponding immune sera. The IgG
      fractions of the immune sera were immobilized on either activated CNBr-Sepharose
      or Ultrogel. The procedure was used successfully for all the proteins except one
      which was denatured on short exposure to distilled water. With the 5 other
      proteins maximum yield of antigen was obtained by combining the use of distilled
      water with an interruption period during desorption. Ease of desorption depends
      on the antigen-antibody system. With antibarley beta-amylase antibodies
      immobilized either on CNBr-Sepharose or Ultrogel, desorption proved to be easier
      from Ultrogel.

PMID- 6827105
TI  - Rapid determination of hidden rheumatoid factor.
AB  - A method for the determination of hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor based on
      separation by QAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography followed by hemolytic assay is
      described. Hidden rheumatoid factor titers and IgM recoveries of sera were
      comparable to those obtained by the conventional acid gel filtration method. The
      QAE method saves time, requires only 250 microliters of serum and can be
      performed with a minimum of specialized equipment.

PMID- 6827106
TI  - Crosslinkage of antibodies to staphylococcal protein A matrices.
AB  - Crosslinkage of anti-human albumin (anti-HSA) with varying concentrations of
      glutaraldehyde to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SpA-Staph) and to staphylococcal
      protein A-Sepharose (SpA-Sepharose) was tested. A concentration of 0.0075%
      glutaraldehyde was found efficient for an almost complete covalent binding of IgG
      to the matrices. The antibody activity of crosslinked anti-HSA SpA-Staph and anti
      HSA SpA-Sepharose was more than 60 and 90% respectively compared with the
      corresponding noncrosslinked immunosorbents. Antigen was recovered with intact
      antigenic properties by elution with 3.5 M MgCl2.

PMID- 6827107
TI  - The effect of serum immunoglobulin concentration on immune complex detection by
      polyethylene glycol.
AB  - The addition of 4% polyethylene glycol (PEG) to serum and quantitation of
      immunoglobulins in the dissolved precipitate has been advocated as a simple,
      reliable method for detecting circulating immune complexes. Because pathological
      sera, which often yield positive results in this assay, may contain increased
      concentrations of immunoglobulins compared to normal control sera, we have
      determined the relationship between total serum immunoglobulin concentration and
      the quantity of immunoglobulins precipitated by 4% PEG. When IgG was added to
      normal serum, the quantity and percentage of IgG in the precipitate was directly
      proportional to total serum IgG concentration. This concentration-dependent
      precipitation appeared to be unrelated to the presence of aggregates in the IgG
      preparation, the serum concentration of albumin, or interactions with serum
      complement. With normal serum, concentrated to yield a wide range of endogenous
      immunoglobulin concentrations, the percentage of IgG, IgM and IgA in the PEG
      precipitates was likewise directly proportional to the total serum concentration
      of these immunoglobulins. In view of these findings, this method is likely to
      give false-positive results in pathological sera containing increased
      immunoglobulin concentrations and is probably invalid as a means for detecting
      circulating immune complexes. However, with a final concentration of 2% PEG,
      successful discrimination between aggregated immunoglobulin and monomeric IgG may
      be achieved.

PMID- 6827108
TI  - A simple immunoradiometric assay for the terminal SC5b-9 complex of human
      complement.
AB  - Complement activation in serum via classical or alternative pathway results in
      the formation of a water-soluble, macromolecular SC5b-9 protein complex
      consisting of non-covalently associated C5b-C9 complement components and serum S
      protein. Characteristic neoantigens are expressed on this complex that permit its
      immunological differentiation from native complement proteins. The present paper
      describes a procedure for isolating radiolabelled, specific antibodies to C5b-9
      neoantigens. With the use of these antibodies, a simple and rapid
      immunoradiometric assay for SC5b-9 has been developed that allows for detection
      of 3-4 micrograms SC5b-9 in 1 ml human serum or plasma. The method is suitable
      for routine screening analyses for SC5b-9 in patients' plasma, and for detection
      of SC5b-9 experimentally generated in vitro.

PMID- 6827109
TI  - A photometric and plaque assay for macrophage mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity.
AB  - Pretreatment of L-929 cells for 2-3 h with 2 micrograms/ml actinomycin D followed
      by washing rendered them exceedingly sensitive to the direct cytotoxic effects of
      murine and rabbit macrophages. We exploited the tremendous increase in
      sensitivity of L-929 cells to effector cell mediated cytotoxicity by
      demonstrating simple and convenient photometric and plaque assays capable of
      being completed in 18 h for the quantitation of macrophage mediated tumor cell
      killing. The plaques demonstrated were generally visible to the unaided eye and
      were linearly related to the number of effector cells plated indicating that a
      plaque represented multitarget cytolysis attributed to a single effector cell.
      Unlike previously described assays, the effector:target ratios demonstrated were
      extremely low. Using the described techniques, it was estimated that a single
      macrophage could kill from approximately 10 to 1000 actinomycin D pretreated and
      washed target cells. In the presence of LPS-activated effector cells, the
      majority of these targets that stained with eosin Y did so in a cluster pattern,
      indicating cytotoxicity rather than mere detachment from the monolayer surface.

PMID- 6827110
TI  - A micromethod for the separate evaluation of phagocytosis and intracellular
      killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes and granulocytes.
AB  - A micro-assay has been developed for the separate evaluation of phagocytosis and
      intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes and
      granulocytes. The minimal number of phagocytes required for the investigation of
      these functional activities of phagocytic cells has been established by
      performing phagocytosis and intracellular killing experiments at various cell
      concentrations, bacteria-to-cell ratios, and volumes. The results of these
      experiments revealed that phagocytosis can be measured in a reliable way, at
      bacteria-to-cell ratios of 5:1 and 1:1 (cell concentration 5 x 10(6)/ml), in a
      suspension of 200 microliters. The rate of intracellular killing by monocytes and
      granulocytes can also be measured with a total phagocytic suspension of 200
      microliters and a cell concentration of 5 x 10(6)/ml. From these results it can
      be concluded that for an independent determination of the phagocytosis and
      intracellular killing of micro-organisms, 400 microliters of 5 x 10(6)
      phagocytes/ml is required, i.e., a total of 2 x 10(6) phagocytes. This number of
      granulocytes can be obtained from 1-2 ml of blood; for monocytes 4-8 ml of blood
      is required.

PMID- 6827112
TI  - ELISA assay for quantitative measurement of human immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and
      IgM in nanograms.

PMID- 6827111
TI  - Lipid composition alters phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads.
AB  - A new assay using fluoresbrite microspheres was developed to determine phagocytic
      rate in LM fibroblasts grown in a variety of culture conditions. Fluoresbrite
      beads of diameter 0.86 microns or greater were taken up by the cells at a linear
      rate for 60 min over a wide range of bead/cell ratios. Phagocytosis was measured
      as the difference in fluorescence of cells exposed to beads at 37 degrees C and
      at 4 degrees C, to correct for adsorbance of beads to the cells. Fluoresbrite
      bead phagocytosis was zero at zero time and was saturable. LM fibroblasts
      cultured in a serum-free, chemically-defined medium were supplemented with
      choline analogues or fatty acids to alter plasma membrane lipid composition.
      Choline analogue supplementation (N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N
      monomethylethanolamine, or ethanolamine) altered the plasma membrane phospholipid
      polar head group composition and dramatically decreased the phagocytic rate as
      compared with choline fed cells. Supplementation with polyunsaturated and
      monounsaturated fatty acids, but not saturated fatty acids, increased the
      phagocytic rate. The phagocytic rate was correlated with the plasma membrane
      phospholipid fatty acid index of unsaturation.

PMID- 6827113
TI  - A microELISA assay to detect anti-liver-specific protein antibodies in the sera
      of patients with liver diseases.
AB  - A microELISA to detect anti-liver-specific protein (LSP) antibodies in human sera
      is described. Rabbit LSP was used as antigen. Optimal conditions for antigen
      concentration, serum dilution, substrate incubation time and reproducibility with
      time were established. The microELISA is specific, as assessed by testing anti
      LSP positive sera with another lipoprotein from rabbit plasma (VLDL), although a
      weak cross-reactivity between LSP and VLDL was observed. The test was applied to
      patients with HBsAg-positive and -negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Ten of
      26 (38%) patients were positive for anti-LSP antibodies, in comparison with
      healthy controls used to determine the threshold of positivity. Such a percentage
      is comparable with that reported for radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures.

PMID- 6827114
TI  - An avidin--biotin microELISA for rapid measurement of total and allergen-specific
      human IgE.
AB  - This paper describes an improved microtiter solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for
      the determination of total and allergen-specific human IgE. This assay technique
      is unique in its use of the avidin-biotin interaction to increase sensitivity.
      The avidin-biotin microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (AB-microELISA)
      was performed in polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates using biotinylated anti-IgE
      and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-avidin conjugate. This AB-microELISA technique
      enabled the quantitation of human serum IgE in the range of 0.1-5 ng/ml (10-500
      pg/test) in less than 3 h. Total serum IgE, whether measured by the AB-microELISA
      or the paper radioimmunosorbant test (PRIST) was similar (correlation
      coefficient, r = 0.92). Further, the presence or absence of positive skin tests
      to 7 specific allergens determined in serum donors generally agreed with the
      presence or absence of allergen-specific IgE in their sera as measured by the AB
      microELISA. The quantity of short ragweed allergen-specific IgE as determined by
      the AB-microELISA agreed with values obtained by the radioimmunosorbant test
      (RAST) (correlation coefficient, r = 0.89). No significant interference by
      ragweed-specific IgG (blocking antibody) was observed in the quantitation of
      allergen-specific IgE. The AB-microELISA is not only rapid and inexpensive, but
      also more sensitive than other published ELISA procedures and comparable to solid
      phase radioimmunoassays in the quantitation of total and allergen-specific IgE.

PMID- 6827115
TI  - Production and characterization of mouse antibodies against the brain lipid
      sulfatide.
AB  - One of the lipids in the myelin sheet is sulfatide, a galactosphingolipid. Our
      aim was to develop a test system to detect and characterize antibody against this
      lipid. Mouse anti-sulfatide antibody was estimated by a solid-phase microtube
      assay with labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A. With labeled rabbit anti
      mouse Ig antibody, there was no difference between mouse anti-sulfatide serum and
      control sera from animals immunized with unrelated antigens. Results show that
      BALB/c mice produce antibodies against sulfatide if this low molecular weight
      compound is injected together with cholesterol, lecithin and bovine serum
      albumin. The antisera are specific for sulfatide but crossreact with
      galactocerebroside. However, mouse IgM antibody binds to sulfatide-coated
      polyvinyl plates non-specifically. Thus, only test procedures which avoid
      detection of IgM antibody can be used to estimate antibody specific for sulfatide
      and probably also for other lipophilic compounds.

PMID- 6827116
TI  - How TEFRA will affect employee benefit programs.

PMID- 6827117
TI  - Selective amnesia affects only part of my mind. A humorous trip down Memory Lane.

PMID- 6827118
TI  - Improving patients' compliance with therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 6827119
TI  - Nuclear cardiology: an overview. Last of 3 parts.

PMID- 6827120
TI  - Otologic disorders in children. Last of 3 parts.

PMID- 6827121
TI  - Cardiac surgery in the 8th and 9th decades of life.

PMID- 6827122
TI  - Government's role in rising health care costs.

PMID- 6827123
TI  - Liposomes containing 3-n-pentadecylcatechol induce tolerance to toxicodendron.
AB  - Pentadecylcatechol (PDC) (1 mg) incorporated into liposomes (PDC-liposomes) and
      given by intracardiac injection to guinea pigs 1 week prior to attempted topical
      sensitization to PDC significantly inhibited that sensitization as evidenced by
      patch tests done 2 weeks after the attempted topical sensitization. PDC (1 mg)
      dissolved in ethanol did not significantly inhibit sensitization. Sensitization
      inhibition was specific since dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization was not
      inhibited by prior intracardiac treatment with PDC-liposomes. In addition, the
      sensitization to PDC was no longer inhibited if the time between the intracardiac
      PDC-liposome injection and the topical PDC sensitizing dose was increased from 1
      week to 2 or more weeks.

PMID- 6827124
TI  - Complement activation by trichophyton rubrum.
AB  - The role of complement in infections by dermatophytes is unknown. Therefore we
      evaluated the ability of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum to activate
      complement in vitro. Aliquots of human plasma that had been incubated with T.
      rubrum were examined for evidence of complement activation. Following incubation,
      the total hemolytic complement activity of plasma fell 76%. Further, each T.
      rubrum incubation led to obvious C3 conversion and generation of
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) aggregating activity. Plasma that had
      complement activity depleted by heat (56 degrees C x 30 min) or 10 mM EDTA failed
      to develop C3 conversion or PMN aggregating activity. Complement activation was
      not affected when the classical complement pathway was selectively blocked by
      MgEGTA. These studies indicate that T. rubrum can activate the complement system
      by the alternative pathway. The consequent generation of anaphylatoxins,
      chemotaxins, and opsonins might be important both in host defense against
      dermatophytic infections and in the inflammatory reactions mediated by them.

PMID- 6827125
TI  - The role of UVB radiation in the induction and elicitation of photocontact
      hypersensitivity to TCSA in the mouse.
AB  - Photocontact hypersensitivity (PHS) to 3,3',4',5 tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA)
      can be induced in mice by using cyclophosphamide as an immunopotentiator. Only
      UVA (320-400 nm) radiation was required for both sensitization and elicitation of
      PHS. The reaction was successfully transferred to syngeneic mice by injecting
      them with lymph node cells from sensitized donors, a finding that demonstrates
      the immunologic nature of PHS. The presence of UVB (280-320 nm) radiation was not
      necessary for sensitization and did not increase PHS beyond the levels observed
      with UVA radiation alone. Ultraviolet radiation in the UVB range (plus a small
      amount of UVA radiation) from FS40 sunlamps in the dose employed did not induce
      statistically significant PHS to TCSA, nor did it elicit a significant response
      in mice sensitized with TCSA plus UVA radiation. However, treatment of mice with
      UVB radiation at a distant site 6 days before sensitization suppressed the
      induction of PHS. This suppression appeared to be analogous to the systemic
      suppression of ordinary contact hypersensitivity in mice by UVB radiation.

PMID- 6827126
TI  - The effects of tumor facilitating factor of B16 melanoma on the macrophage.
AB  - B16 cells produce a tumor facilitating factor (TFF) that increases B16 tumor
      incidence in mice injected with a small number of B16 cells. TFF was derived from
      serum-free culture supernatant concentrated on an Amicon PM10 membrane. One
      milliliter of concentrated material represented the product 10(8) B16 cells
      during a 6-h incubation. We report data that indicate TFF may act by altering
      macrophage function. In the nude mouse deficient in T cell, but not macrophage
      function, the injection of 0.8 ml of TFF facilitated tumor development.
      Subcutaneous injection of 0.7 ml of TFF induced mouse peritoneal macrophages to
      spread when removed and plated on glass coverslips. This effect peaked 3 days
      after injection of TFF and was abrogated by heating the TFF to 70 degrees C for 1
      h. The injection of TFF was also able to induce macrophage spreading in nude
      mice. Injection of viable B16 cells induced spreading, as would be predicted if
      TFF is produced by B16 cells in vivo. In vitro incubation of peritoneal cells
      with TFF was also able to induce macrophage spreading. Finally, subcutaneous
      injection of TFF reduced by 80% the accumulation of peritoneal cells in response
      to intraperitoneal injection of phytohemagglutinin. We suggest that one mode by
      which TFF facilitates tumor growth is by reducing the numbers of macrophages
      chemotaxing to the tumor site.

PMID- 6827127
TI  - Decreased urinary polyamines in patients with psoriasis treated with etretinate.
AB  - Oral administration of the aromatic retinoid etretinate is effective therapy for
      psoriasis and other epidermal hyperproliferative disorders. Since polyamine
      metabolism is known to be important in cell growth and differentiation, we
      measured urinary levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine as
      a reflection of cutaneous polyamine metabolism in 19 psoriatic patients treated
      with etretinate for 16 weeks. Using thin-layer chromatography, polyamine
      determinations were performed on urine collected pretherapy, during therapy, and
      8 weeks after therapy was concluded. Good to excellent clearing of psoriasis
      occurred in 18 of 19 patients. All urinary polyamines showed a downward trend in
      the first week of therapy, prior to significant clinical improvement. At week 16
      of therapy, the greatest reduction in mean urinary polyamine content occurred.
      Mean putrescine levels decreased from pretherapy to week 16 by 27% (p less than
      0.001), mean spermidine values fell by 34% (p less than 0.001), and mean spermine
      levels declined by 37% (p = 0.005). These data are consistent with the hypothesis
      that etretinate inhibits polyamine biosynthesis.

PMID- 6827130
TI  - A comparison of the proteins of normal and trichothiodystrophic human hair.

PMID- 6827129
TI  - Response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation: dissociation of erythema and
      metabolic changes following sunscreen protection.
AB  - After UV irradiation of human skin there is an increase in epidermal and stratum
      corneum thickness and an increase in the thymidine autoradiographic labeling
      index. Previously we have demonstrated that persistent exposure to ultraviolet
      radiation (UVR) alters the distribution and activities of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) within the epidermis; G
      6-PDH activity is increased over the whole epidermis and SDH activity is
      diminished in the granular cell area but increased in the basal layer. When skin
      is protected by an efficient sunscreen and irradiated with UVB, there is almost
      complete inhibition of the erythema normally seen following UVR exposure. In this
      study we have investigated the cytochemical, cell kinetic, and histometric
      changes that take place in the epidermis after UVB irradiation, with and without
      two different types of sunscreen. Some of the histometric and metabolic changes
      associated with UVB exposure were still evident despite sunscreen protection and
      the successful blocking of the erythema response. The implications of these
      findings are discussed together with the use of sunscreens to prevent development
      of solar damage.

PMID- 6827131
TI  - A comparative study of the physical and chemical properties of melanins isolated
      from human black and red hair.

PMID- 6827132
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism by electron microscopy of fetal
      skin.
AB  - Oculocutaneous albinism was diagnosed prenatally by electron microscopic
      examination of fetal skin samples taken during fetoscopy at 20 weeks of
      gestation. Melanosome development in hair bulb melanocytes progressed no further
      than stage II, indicating a lack of melanin synthesis. In 4 age-matched control
      fetuses, numerous stage IV melanosomes, signifying active melanin synthesis, were
      identified. The diagnosis was confirmed after the pregnancy was terminated at 22
      weeks. Examination of the fetal eye showed absence of pigment in the retinal
      epithelium and uvea at a stage when ocular melanogenesis would normally be
      active. This study shows that oculocutaneous albinism can be detected in the
      second trimester using similar techniques to those employed in the prenatal
      diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa and ichthyosis.

PMID- 6827133
TI  - X-ray diffraction analysis of stratum corneum membrane couplets.
AB  - X-ray diffraction analysis was done on the membrane couplets isolated from
      newborn mouse stratum corneum. The same lipid reflections were observed for whole
      stratum corneum and couplets, adding further support to the thesis that stratum
      corneum lipid is intercellular in location rather than associated with the
      intracellular filamentous protein.

PMID- 6827128
TI  - Induction of pyrimidine dimers in epidermal DNA of hairless mice by UVB: an
      action spectrum.
AB  - An action spectrum for the induction of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermis of
      hairless mice was determined between 288 and 307 nm. The presence of pyrimidine
      dimers in tritium-labeled DNA extracted from exposed SKH:hairless-1 mouse skin
      was determined using dimer-specific nucleases from Micrococcus luteus in
      conjunction with sedimentation of the irradiated DNA in alkaline sucrose
      gradients. The rate of induction of pyrimidine dimers was maximal at 293 nm.
      These values were used to propose a UVB transmission curve for mouse epidermis.

PMID- 6827134
TI  - Isolation of respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses from the sputum of
      patients hospitalized with pneumonia.
AB  - Routinely collected sputum specimens from 100 adults hospitalized with pneumonia
      were frozen at -70 C until inoculation into Madin-Darby canine kidney, fetal
      tonsil, and esophageal epithelial cells. Six influenza A (H3N2) viruses, two
      respiratory syncytial viruses, three rhinoviruses, and nine herpes simplex
      viruses were recovered. Four patients with influenza virus and one with
      respiratory syncytial virus isolated had nosocomial pneumonia. Viral isolation
      from sputum specimens may aid the diagnosis of pneumonia of unclear etiology and
      merits further evaluation as a diagnostic tool and as an adjunct to influenza
      surveillance.

PMID- 6827135
TI  - Postnatal infectivity of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers.
AB  - The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections during the second and third
      year of life was determined for 105 children whose mothers were carriers of
      hepatitis B surface antigen. Children were given hepatitis B immune globulin
      (HBIG) at birth and in some instances three and six months later to protect
      against HBV infection. Passive antibodies from the dose of HBIG disappeared in
      three to four months. Infants negative for HBV markers at 12 months were selected
      and subsequent infections were analyzed in relation to the e system markers in
      the mother. Over an average of 17.5 months of follow-up, 38.1% of the infants
      became infected, an annual incidence rate of 26.0%. The rate was highest for
      children whose mothers were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (57.1%),
      moderate for those whose mothers were negative for both HBeAg and antibody to
      HBeAg (anti-HBe) (20.4%), and lowest for those whose mothers were positive for
      anti-HBe (11.3%).

PMID- 6827136
TI  - Colonization and infection with Trichosporon species in the immunosuppressed
      host.
AB  - Trichosporon beigelii and Trichosporon capitatum have recently been recognized as
      systemic pathogens in the immunosuppressed host. We studied the incidence of
      colonization and systemic infection with these organisms in 353 highly
      immunocompromised patients over a 37-month period. Thirteen patients (3.7%) had
      positive surveillance cultures for Trichosporon species in stool, skin, or urine.
      Three of the 13 patients developed systemic infections after having positive
      surveillance cultures. In two of these three patients, urine cultures were
      positive near the time of systemic infection. The route of entry appeared to have
      been enteric in two patients and cutaneous in one patient. Both colonizing and
      infecting organisms showed in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B and
      nystatin. This study suggests that positive surveillance cultures for
      Trichosporon species may correlate with systemic infection in the severely
      immunocompromised patient and that repeated positive urine cultures may indicate
      dissemination.

PMID- 6827137
TI  - Plasmid-borne multiple drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, biotype
      El Tor: evidence for a point-source outbreak in Bangladesh.
AB  - In 1979, an outbreak of plasmid-borne, multiply drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae
      serogroup O1 biotype El Tor (V. cholerae O1) occurred in the Matlab area of
      Bangladesh. The outbreak could have resulted from the introduction into the area
      of a single resistant strain or from multiple conjugations of drug-sensitive V.
      cholerae O1 with C plasmids in other environmental flora. Resistant strains were
      phage typed to determine their relatedness, and plasmid studies were conducted to
      determine the frequency of C plasmids in nonvibrio flora of family contacts of
      cholera patients. Forty-one (85%) of 48 resistant strains of V. cholerae O1
      examined belonged to two closely related phage types new to the area, whereas 59
      drug-sensitive strains from the same period were primarily of two different phage
      types. Group C plasmids were in nonvibrio strains from five of 36 family contacts
      of patients with drug-resistant cholera but none of 82 family contacts of
      patients with sensitive cholera. This outbreak most likely began from the
      introduction into the area of a single, multiply drug-resistant strain of V.
      cholerae O1. C plasmids detected in the nonvibrio flora of family contacts
      probably came from the resistant strain of V. cholerae O1.

PMID- 6827138
TI  - Giardia lamblia infection of suckling mice.
AB  - Axenically cultured Giardia lamblia trophozoites (2 x 10(5)) were inoculated by
      gavage into suckling mice. All mice three, seven, and 14 days old became
      infected, with the peak trophozoite count in the small bowel of 5.3 +/- 1.1 x
      10(6) occurring seven days after inoculation of three-day-old mice. In addition
      to infecting each of 65 challenged mice, G. lamblia was able to complete its life
      cycle by encysting and, as cysts, to infect previously unchallenged animals.
      Control mice given culture medium alone, mice challenged with trophozoites when
      older than 14 days of age, and mothers of infected mice did not become infected.
      There was no difference in body weight between infected mice and control mice,
      nor were histopathologic changes in the small bowel noted at the time of peak
      infection. Infection was cleared in all mice by 17-21 days. Thus, axenically
      cultured G. lamblia trophozoites are capable of infecting and completing their
      life cycle in suckling mice. The susceptibility of mice to infection is
      remarkably age specific, and the infection is apparently without adverse effects
      on the murine host.

PMID- 6827139
TI  - Giardia lamblia infections in Mongolian gerbils: an animal model.
AB  - Mongolian gerbils were susceptible to infection with Giardia lamblia cysts from
      patients. Inoculation of gerbils with 5 x 10(3) cysts each resulted in an
      infection characterized by the intermittent release of cysts for up to 39 days.
      The mean number of cysts released per gerbil in a 2-hr period was 8.8 x 10(2)
      (range, 0-5 x 10(3)). The highest number of trophozoites found in the intestine
      was on day 15 after infection, when the mean number of trophozoites per gerbil
      was 6.36 x 10(6). Administration of cysts from different patients to gerbils
      resulted in a similar pattern of cyst release during the first 30 days of
      infection. Mongolian gerbils were also susceptible to infection with cultured
      trophozoites (Portland 1 strain). The pattern of cyst release and the number of
      trophozoites in the intestines of orally and duodenally inoculated gerbils were
      similar. Gerbils were protected against reinfection with G. lamblia for up to
      eight months after primary infection.

PMID- 6827140
TI  - Production of staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C: influence of physical and
      chemical factors.
AB  - Physical and chemical factors that may affect the growth of strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus that are associated with toxic-shock syndrome were examined
      for their effect on expression of pyrogenic exotoxin type C (PE-C). Significantly
      more PE-C was made when cultures were incubated at 37 C rather than at 30 C,
      although bacterial growth was similar at the two temperatures. Furthermore, 32
      fold more toxin was made aerobically versus anaerobically for the seven strains
      tested, whereas only a twofold difference in bacterial growth was seen. Maximal
      toxin production occurred at pH 7 and pH 8, although the strains grew well in the
      range of pH 6 to pH 8. Glucose had little effect on growth and toxin production
      at levels from 0 to 0.3% but suppressed bacterial growth and, more extensively,
      toxin production at a level of 3%. Significant amounts of PE-C were made in beef
      heart medium, brain-heart infusion broth, and Todd-Hewitt broth, but lesser
      amounts were made in trypticase soy broth.

PMID- 6827141
TI  - The serotype and biotype distribution of clinical isolates of Campylobacter
      jejuni and Campylobacter coli over a three-year period.
AB  - Two hundred eighty-five isolates of Campylobacter jejuni-Campylobacter coli from
      children with gastroenteritis at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada)
      over a three-year period were biotyped by the hippurate hydrolysis test and
      serotyped on the basis of thermostable, soluble antigens by the passive
      hemagglutination technique. Hippurate-negative strains (C. coli) were only 3.2%
      of the isolates. Ninety-seven percent of the isolates were serotypable with 55
      antisera. About half of the strains belonged to one of four serotypes (2, 4, 3,
      or 1); about three-quarters belonged to one of 10 serotypes. Serotype 2 was
      consistently the commonest serotype in each of the three years of the study,
      accounting for 15%-20% of all isolates tested.

PMID- 6827142
TI  - Biologic differences between strains of Ebola virus from Zaire and Sudan.

PMID- 6827143
TI  - Antigenic analysis of strains of Ebola virus: identification of two Ebola virus
      serotypes.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay has been adapted for Ebola virus antigens and
      antibodies to them. It uses 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A and a specially
      designed filter manifold. The assay is applicable to the sera of humans and to a
      wide range of animal sera. Virus isolates from two discrete outbreaks of Ebola
      hemorrhagic fever that occurred in 1976 were shown by this assay to be
      antigenically distinct. This lack of identity was further confirmed by cross
      absorbing antisera to each isolate with antigens of the heterologous virus
      strain. The advantages of this assay include the use of noninfectious antigens,
      the requirement for only small quantities of serum, the capability of screening
      large numbers of sera, the speed of execution, and the objectivity of end point
      determination.

PMID- 6827144
TI  - Evidence for two subtypes of Ebola virus based on oligonucleotide mapping of RNA.
AB  - Ebola viruses isolated during outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic fever in Africa from
      1976 to 1979 were examined by T1 oligonucleotide mapping of virion RNA. Two Ebola
      virus subtypes distinguishable by their oligonucleotide patterns were involved in
      the outbreaks of the disease during this three-year period. The first type was
      isolated in Zaire in 1976 and again in 1977; the second type caused outbreaks in
      Sudan in 1976 and again in 1979. Oligonucleotide patterns of the two groups of
      Ebola viruses (Zaire and Sudan) were remarkably similar within the group but
      differed between groups by approximately 60 oligonucleotides. We can conclude
      from this study (1) that the outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever which occurred
      concurrently in 1976 in Zaire and Sudan were caused by viruses that are
      genetically distinct; (2) that compared with other RNA viruses there was an
      unusually high genetic stability among viruses within Zaire and Sudan over two-
      and three-year periods, respectively; and (3) that the two genetic subtypes
      probably evolved from a common ancestor since they share common oligonucleotides.

PMID- 6827145
TI  - Comparative analysis of the structural polypeptides of Ebola viruses from Sudan
      and Zaire.
AB  - Polypeptide structural analyses were performed by tryptic peptide mapping to
      assess the relationship between isolates of Ebola virus obtained in Sudan and
      Zaire. The results of these analyses indicate (1) that the Sudan and Zaire
      isolates are unique viral agents, (2) that multiple isolates within each group
      bear close resemblance to one another, (3) that suggestive evidence exists of
      conservation of homologous structure in the VP-2 (virion protein no. 2)
      nucleocapsid proteins of these viruses, and (4) that protein differences between
      the two Ebola virus subtypes appear to reside in the VP-1 and VP-3 virion
      polypeptides.

PMID- 6827146
TI  - Changes in iron and transferrin levels and body temperature in experimental
      airborne legionellosis.
AB  - Guinea pigs were infected with either 5 or 100 cfu of Legionella pneumophila by
      aerosol exposure. Between two and 10 days after infection, groups of animals were
      killed, and their lungs and spleen were removed and cultured quantitatively. L.
      pneumophila multiplied in the lungs and spread to the spleen; the organisms were
      cleared first from the spleen and then the lungs. Significant changes were
      demonstrated in serum iron and transferrin levels and body temperature. The body
      temperature correlated directly and the serum iron concentration correlated
      inversely with the number of L. pneumophila recovered from the lungs but not from
      the spleen. These data suggest that fever and iron may restrict the growth of L.
      pneumophila in vivo.

PMID- 6827147
TI  - Naturally acquired antibodies to tetanus toxin in humans and animals from the
      galapagos islands.
AB  - A serologic survey using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      confirmed the anticipated finding of naturally acquired antibodies to tetanus
      toxin both in humans and animals on the Galapagos Islands. In 57 inhabitants
      (mean age, 31.3 years) who had not been vaccinated against tetanus, antibody to
      tetanus toxin was detected in the blood in varying titers (geometric mean
      [reciprocal] titer [GMT], 0.015 international units [IU]/ml). In one individual
      the titer of antibody was greater than 12.5 IU/ml. Two individuals who had never
      been vaccinated against tetanus but who had reported having had clinical tetanus
      had titers of antibody to tetanus toxin of 0.02 IU/ml and 0.3 IU/ml,
      respectively. All nine of the animals studied showed antibody to tetanus toxin
      (GMT, 0.028 IU/ml).

PMID- 6827148
TI  - Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in chimpanzees given transfusions of highly
      infective blood.
AB  - The protective efficacy of a hepatitis B vaccine against infections from
      transfusions of large volumes of highly infective blood in five immunized
      chimpanzees was assessed. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) became positive and
      antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) disappeared soon after transfusion in the five
      chimpanzees. Two chimpanzees that had HBsAg only on the day of transfusion did
      not develop infection. However, the remaining three chimpanzees with persistent
      HBsAg antigenemia for three to four days developed serologic evidence of
      infection. Two chimpanzees did not have hepatitis and the third had a mild,
      transient case of acute hepatitis. The hepatitis B vaccine prevented the four
      immunized chimpanzees from developing illness. The remaining chimpanzee developed
      hepatitis, but a rapid booster response of anti-HBs owing to the previous
      vaccination appeared to lighten the severity of the disease and prevent
      chronicity.

PMID- 6827149
TI  - Interaction of ischemic and antibiotic-induced injury in the rabbit kidney.
AB  - The tubular necrosis produced by transient unilateral ischemia, three toxic
      cephalosporins, and the aminoglycoside neomycin were studied separately and in
      different combinations in the rabbit kidney. It was found that (1) mildly
      damaging transient ischemia (25 min) and a minimally toxic dose of the rapidly
      secreted cephalosporin cephaloglycin (60 mg/kg of body weight) are
      synergistically damaging; (2) there is no synergy between ischemia and the
      nonsecreted cephalosporin cephaloridine (90 mg/kg); and (3) ischemia and neomycin
      (100 mg/kg per day for three days) are not additively damaging, but the
      aminoglycoside has an additive effect with the combined insults of ischemia and
      cefazolin (500 mg/kg). Studies of transport showed that ischemia potentiates
      cephalosporin toxicity probably because it increases postischemic antibiotic
      concentrations in proximal tubular cells and that this increased uptake is the
      result of transiently augmented tubular secretion. Although this ischemic
      protocol reduced inulin clearance by 40%, it increased cephaloglycin secretion by
      an amount more than sufficient to overcome the decrease in filtration.

PMID- 6827150
TI  - Treatment of experimental chronic osteomyelitis due to staphylococcus aureus with
      vancomycin and rifampin.
AB  - Vancomycin was used alone and in combination with rifampin in the treatment of
      experimental osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits. Treatment
      with 60 mg of vancomycin/kg of body weight twice a day for 28 days was
      ineffective in sterilizing infected rabbit bones. Rifampin (40 mg/kg) injected
      once a day for 28 days sterilized 57% of infected rabbit bones. Treatment with a
      combination of vancomycin and rifampin for either 14 or 28 days was significantly
      more effective than either drug used alone, sterilizing 84% and 90%,
      respectively, of the infected bones of treated animals. A possible explanation
      for the failure of vancomycin when used alone may be that its in vitro activity
      against the infecting strain of S. aureus (as measured by minimal inhibitory
      concentrations or minimal bactericidal concentrations) was substantially less
      under anaerobic conditions (that is, at partial pressures of oxygen analogous to
      those in osteomyelitic bones) than under aerobic conditions.

PMID- 6827151
TI  - Protection against staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C-enhanced endotoxin
      lethality with methylprednisolone and IgG.

PMID- 6827152
TI  - Prevalence of markers of hepatitis A and B in the Shanghai area.

PMID- 6827153
TI  - The effect of typhoid fever on bile acid pool size and composition.

PMID- 6827154
TI  - Lack of evidence for person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 6827155
TI  - Pharyngitis and urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 6827156
TI  - Laboratory rabbits as reservoirs of Salmonella mbandaka.

PMID- 6827157
TI  - The fate of peer review: IFMC or elsewhere?

PMID- 6827158
TI  - Antibiotic usage study.

PMID- 6827159
TI  - [Vaginal hysterectomy--from 8,782 cases].

PMID- 6827160
TI  - [Menstruation and toxic shock syndrome].

PMID- 6827161
TI  - [Establishment and characterization of human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell
      line].
AB  - Ascitic fluid was obtained from the patient of ovarian endometrioid cancer.
      Collected cells were incubated with Eagle's MEM containing 15% fetal calf serum
      at 37 degrees C under humidified 5% CO2 and 95% air. The epithelial colonies grew
      rapidly and were released without fibroblast cells. After the first passage, the
      cells are growing without interruption for over one year and 35 transfer
      generations. This cell line has following charactors: 1) The monolayer cultured
      cells appeared epithelial, pavement like arrangement and piling up, without
      contact inhibition. 2) In the cytoplasma PAS positive substance can be seen. 3)
      Desmosome-like structure, gap junction, microvilli and well developed cell
      organelles can be found by electron microscopy. 4) Chromosomal number shows
      pseudodiploidy which mode is 47. A submetacentric chromosome was present in all
      karyotype and identified by G-banding. It consists of No. 11 and a part of No. 1.
      5) By heterotransplantation to the nude athymic mouse, the tumor easily develops.
      6) By estradiol and promegestone its growth was inhibited. 7) Estrogen and
      progesterone receptors were not detected in the cytosol.

PMID- 6827162
TI  - [Factors influencing the pattern-change of spontaneous activity in the pregnant
      rat myometrium].
AB  - Near the end of pregnancy, both the longitudinal and circular muscles of the rat
      uterus exhibit characteristic changes, and especially in circular muscle, the
      plateau-type action potential observed in mid-pregnancy changes into the burst
      discharge which is apparently prerequisite for normal delivery. This study
      concerned the effects of the ovarian hormones, the stretch of the uterine wall,
      and the fetoplacental unit on the longitudinal muscle of the pregnant rats, and
      the results were compared with the activity of the circular muscle in discussion.
      1. Spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities of the longitudinal muscle of
      the unilaterally pregnant rats showed the marked difference between the gravid
      and nongravid uterine horns. 2. Normal and dislocated horns of unilaterally
      placental-dislocated rats showed the same spontaneous activities in the
      longitudinal muscles. 3. In ovariectomized rats, estrogen-treated group delivered
      normally and the spontaneous activities of the longitudinal muscle showed normal
      pattern. On the contrary, estrogen-untreated group delivered abnormally, however
      the spontaneous activities of the longitudinal muscle were normal. The results
      showed that the important factor for the characteristic change of the
      longitudinal muscle during pregnancy is the stretch of the uterine wall, and that
      the roles of longitudinal and circular muscles for the parturition may be
      different.

PMID- 6827163
TI  - [Gynecological cancer and ferritin--a study on the carcinofetoplacental
      ferritin].
AB  - Serum and tissue ferritins were quantitated by a radioimmunoassay kit (SPAC KIT,
      Daiichi Radioisotope Lab.) and a diagnostic implication of serum ferritins in
      patients with gynecological diseases was evaluated. In order to investigate the
      potential use of tumor marker as a feto-placental antigen (protein), ferritin
      from ovarian cancer was compared with ferritins from normal adult and feto
      placental organs. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher (p less than
      0.01) in patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma, Krukenberg's tumor, cervical
      squamous cell carcinoma and other malignant diseases than in normal women. Among
      adult organs the kidney and spleen showed the highest and the heart the lowest
      ferritin content. The ferritin contents of the kidney and spleen were 78.4
      micrograms and 76.2 micrograms/g wet weight, respectively and that of the heart
      was 5.7 micrograms/g wet weight. The ferritin contents of other adult organs
      ranged from 10 to 25 micrograms/g wet weight. On the other hand the placenta
      showed the highest and the heart and stomach the lowest ferritin content among
      feto-placental organs. The ferritin content of the placenta was 7 micrograms/g
      wet weight. The ferritin contents of other fetal organs were only half as in the
      placenta. The ferritin contents of ovarian cancers ranged 6 to 8 micrograms/g wet
      weight and was almost identical to that of the placenta.

PMID- 6827164
TI  - [Studies on the periodicity of fetal and neonatal heart rate variability by fast
      Fourier transform analysis].
AB  - Heart rate changes were analyzed by fast Fourier transform technique in 68 normal
      fetuses of 23 to 41 weeks, 8 normal deliveries, 11 normal neonates, cases of
      fetal heart rate late deceleration, sinusoidal pattern, and anencephalic fetus.
      High spectral densities were noted at 0.02 to 0.12 Hz in inactive phases of
      normal fetuses, whereas they were 0.2 to 0.4 Hz in active phases. The densities
      were particularly high at 0.64 to 0.8 Hz in normal neonates. An anencephalic
      fetus and a case of late deceleration showed high spectral densities at 0.02 to
      0.12 Hz. These results suggest that fetal heart rate is controlled basically by 8
      sec or greater periodicity. Neonatal 1.3 to 1.6 sec periodicity suggests a
      relationship between heart rate and respiration. No change in periodicity was
      found in fetal heart rate after the administration of 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate
      to the mother in 12 cases.

PMID- 6827165
TI  - [Suppression of puerperal lactation by metergoline].
AB  - Suppression of puerperal lactation by a potent serotonin antagonist, metergoline
      was studied in 33 puerperal women, i.e., abortion after sixteen weeks of
      gestation 6, premature labor 13, labor at term 13, and hydatiform mole 1. The
      drug was administered orally at a dose of 4 mg bid for 5 days to 26 subjects,
      starting within one week from delivery (group A). The remaining 7 subjects
      received 4 mg of metergoline bid for 7 days after more than 2 weeks from delivery
      (group B). Lactation was either rapidly suppressed or prevented in 22 out of the
      26 subjects in group A and in all subjects in group B. After the therapy was
      stopped, rebound phenomena were observed in 4 subjects in group A and in 2
      subjects in group B, but a further 5-7 days' treatment with metergoline produced
      satisfactory results. The mean plasma prolactin levels, studied in 10 subjects in
      group A at hourly intervals after the first metergoline dose, decreased
      significantly one hour later (p less than 0.05) and reached the nadir level, 19.9
      +/- 2.6% of the mean basal value, 4 hours later. The daily plasma prolactin
      levels in 9 subjects were significantly lower than those of the control group
      during metergoline treatment (p less than 0.001). No side effects of metergoline
      medication were observed. Metergoline for a short course of administration is
      very effective in the suppression of puerperal lactation. In case of the
      suppression of lactation after the second week of puerperium, 10-14 days of
      metergoline treatment is recommended to avoid the rebound phenomena.

PMID- 6827166
TI  - Nuclear translocation of progesterone receptor--progestogen complex in vitro.
AB  - The nuclear translocation of receptor-progestogen complex was investigated in the
      estrogen-primed rabbit uterus. To avoid the influence of the in vivo steroid
      metabolism, the incubation of cytosol with progestogens, and that of the nuclear
      suspension with steroid-cytosol complex were performed in the in vitro systems.
      The quantity of the steroid receptor translocated by progestogens to the nucleus
      was measured using the [3H]-progesterone exchange assay. [3H]-progesterone
      receptor complex in the cytosol was exchanged for cytosolic receptor sites by
      progesterone, dydrogesterone or norethindrone effectively. When the steroid
      receptors translocated to the nucleus by such steroids in the in vitro system
      were determined using exchange assay, progesterone translocated the receptor to
      the nucleus much more than did dydrogesterone or norethindrone. It was suggested
      that progesterone was potent in the ability of the nuclear translocation of its
      own receptor. The highly potent biological activities of norethindrone and
      dydrogesterone in vivo must be explained in the other way.

PMID- 6827167
TI  - Effective extraction and radioimmunoassay of chorionic gonadotropin in human
      urine.
AB  - A single-step procedure for extracting and concentrating hCG from 24hr urine
      samples was developed. The procedure involves the adsorption chromatography with
      Vitachange (Permutit). Its hCG recovery was improved to be more than 90% compared
      with about 50% of a standard kaolin-acetone method. Nonspecific urinary protein
      concentration in extracts was also reduced. Thus, partial purification and
      concentration of urinary hCG by this procedure with subsequent RIA using antisera
      against the unique carboxyl-terminal peptide of hCG beta subunit provides a
      sensitive and specific method for detecting hCG in urine. In urine samples
      obtained from normal persons, the upper limit of hCG-immunoreactivity detected by
      this new system was 1.1 IU/24hr. However, 93% of subjects gave values lower than
      0.5 IU/24hr. The urinary hCG level of lower than 1.1 IU/24hr may be designated as
      normal. This new assay system now provides reliable potentiality in the strict
      management of patients who are undergoing treatment for gestational trophoblastic
      neoplasia.

PMID- 6827168
TI  - A new method of treatment for intrauterine fetal hemolytic anemia caused by blood
      type incompatibility.
AB  - A method to eliminate the anti-M antibody from maternal circulation was employed
      in a patient who had four stillbirths caused by MN type incompatibility, and who
      developed severe post-transfusion hepatitis after plasmapheresis. In this method,
      the patient's plasma was incubated with OM positive packed red cells to absorb
      the anti-M antibody and then reinfused. The elevation of titer in maternal blood
      was prevented, and the ODD-450 values fluctuated in the upper-mid zone of Liley's
      graph. A viable immature anemic newborn was delivered after C-section in 33
      weeks' gestation. As the newly developed antibody elimination therapy
      physiologically removed the antibody faster than it could accumulate, it
      contributes to prolonging the intrauterine life span of the fetus. Since the anti
      D antibody is also eliminated by the same principle, this procedure seems to be a
      promising approach for the treatment of the fetal hemolysis due to iso
      immunizations.

PMID- 6827169
TI  - Hemoccult screening. Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms.

PMID- 6827170
TI  - Nausea and vomiting. Its management in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6827171
TI  - Refractory hypercalcemia. Management with intravenous fluids and furosemide
      guided by Swan-Ganz monitoring.

PMID- 6827172
TI  - Consensus Development Conference. Computed tomographic scanning of the brain.

PMID- 6827173
TI  - Hyperbilirubinemia and mono. Marked hyperbilirubinemia in infectious
      mononucleosis.

PMID- 6827174
TI  - Entry of [3H]water and [1,2-14C]polyethylene glycol 4000 into normal and cystic
      fibrosis salivary mucus.
AB  - This investigation was performed to compare the entry of [3H]water and [14C]PEG
      into samples of salivary mucus from patients with CF and normal subjects. A
      solution containing both radioisotopes was added to samples of salivary mucus and
      mixed, and entry of each into mucus was determined by their dilution in the
      supernatant at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hr. [3H]water rapidly entered and equilibrated
      with the water content of both normal and CF mucus. [14C]PEG entered mucus more
      slowly than [3H]water and by 24 hr had entered at a ratio of only 0.794 +/- 0.108
      and 0.766 +/- 0.039 of the water space accessible to [3H]water in normal and CF
      mucus, respectively. The mechanisms responsible for the partial exclusion of the
      large polyethylene glycol molecule were not explored but may reflect steric
      restriction of access to a portion of mucus water. Thus water entry and solute
      exclusion, both determinants of permeability, were unaltered in CF mucus, which
      fact provides evidence against the presence of a generalized defect of mucus
      permeability in this disease. The techniques developed for this study may be
      adaptable to the study of the permeability properties of mucus from other sources
      and other gels.

PMID- 6827175
TI  - Leukemia-associated antigens in leukemic transformation of polycythemia vera.
AB  - Studies were made to test immune reactivity between anti-leukemic cell sera and
      nonadherent peripheral blood cells from patients with leukemic and nonleukemic P.
      vera. Cells from seven patients with leukemic P. vera had complement-dependent
      cytotoxicity test results showing more than 80% cell killing. In comparison,
      leukocytes from 37 nonleukemic and nonpolycythemic subjects, with and without
      blood disorders, failed to show significant cytotoxicity. Cells from 20 patients
      with nonleukemic P. vera and 10 patients with myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, and
      "spent" P. vera also failed to react. Three nonleukemic P. vera patients showed a
      positive reaction that became progressively stronger; they developed leukemia at
      a later date. The association of positive reactivity before leukemia is overt, to
      later development of acute leukemia calls attention to the possible use of
      immunologic technology as a means of early diagnosis of leukemia.

PMID- 6827176
TI  - Binding of fibrinogen to ADP-treated platelets. Comparison of plasma fibrinogen
      fractions and early plasmic fibrinogen derivatives.
AB  - Fibrinogen supports platelet aggregation by binding to specific receptors. The
      importance of the fibrinogen A alpha chain in this hemostatic function is
      controversial. We found that fibrinogen derivatives, isolated from plasma or
      obtained after limited plasmin digestion, that lacked approximately 13,000 to
      46,000 MW peptides from the carboxyterminal of their A alpha chains (I-6, I-9, I
      9D88) displayed undiminished capacity to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation
      and to bind to gel-filtered platelets. Analysis of their binding disclosed
      upwardly concave Scatchard plots that could be resolved into high- and low
      affinity binding components similar to those of intact fibrinogen. The
      dissociation constant for high-affinity binding of fractions I-6 and I-9,
      however, was slightly higher than that of intact fibrinogen, correlating with the
      slight decrease in the rate of platelet aggregation observed using these
      fractions. Low-affinity binding was unchanged. In contrast, fibrinogen derivative
      I-9D88, lacking as much as 2/3 from the carboxyterminal side of both A alpha
      chains, was indistinguishable from intact fibrinogen in its ability to bind to
      platelets and support aggregation. This suggested that the small differences in
      binding affinities noted with fractions I-6 and I-9 were most likely due to
      changes in molecular conformation rather than to losses of specific peptides. A
      more degraded derivative (I-9D50) lacking even larger A alpha segments (MW 46,000
      to 48,000), as well as aminoterminal segments (B beta 1-56) from the B beta
      chains, possessed only 70% to 75% of the platelet aggregating activity of intact
      fibrinogen. Its binding to ADP-treated platelets was quantitatively similar to
      that of intact fibrinogen but its Scatchard plot was linear, with loss of low
      affinity binding. These data indicate that (1) fibrinogen binding to platelet
      receptors does not require the carboxyterminal 2/3 of the A alpha chain and (2)
      low-affinity platelet fibrinogen interactions as revealed by Scatchard analysis
      reflect fibrinogen binding to platelets via an aminoterminal segment of the A
      alpha and/or B beta chains, the loss of which results in a slight but significant
      decrease in platelet aggregation support.

PMID- 6827178
TI  - Toxicology screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three years
      experience.

PMID- 6827179
TI  - Rural emergency room care.

PMID- 6827177
TI  - Kinetic analysis of D-xylose absorption in normal subjects and in patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - D-Xylose kinetics were studied in 12 normal subjects and in nine patients with
      chronic renal failure requiring dialysis (five hemodialysis and four peritoneal
      dialysis). None of the study subjects had demonstrable gastrointestinal disease.
      Doses of D-xylose were given intravenously (10 gm) and orally (25 gm) on
      different nondialysis days in order to determine the distribution and elimination
      kinetics and the absolute bioavailability of this compound. Our findings were as
      follows. (1) The nonrenal clearance of D-xylose is markedly reduced in chronic
      renal failure patients (43.3 vs. 90.9 ml/min, p less than 0.002). (2) D-Xylose is
      less completely absorbed in patients with chronic renal failure than in normal
      subjects (48.6% vs. 69.4%, p less than 0.01). (3) The absorption rate of D-xylose
      is slower in these patients than in normal subjects (0.555 hr-1 vs. 1.03 hr-1, p
      less than 0.05). (4) The absorption rate is positively correlated with the extent
      of D-xylose absorption (r = 0.49, p = 0.03). (5) Although peak D-xylose
      concentrations measured 1 hr after oral administration are well correlated with
      the extent of D-xylose absorption in normal subjects and in functionally anephric
      patients (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01), formal kinetic study is required to
      determine D-xylose bioavailability precisely because of the large variability in
      peak serum D-xylose concentrations and in the time required to reach these peak
      concentrations.

PMID- 6827180
TI  - Late post-operative hearing results correlated with the severity of tissue
      changes in ears with chronic otitis media.
AB  - Late hearing results in 627 ears (574 patients) operated on radically for chronic
      otitis media are presented. Clinically, the ears were followed-up annually for 5
      14 years. The results are correlated with the severity of histopathological
      changes in the tympanic cavity and in the mastoid air-cell system and also with
      the management of the tympanic mucosa and ossicular chain at operation. The mean
      post-operative air-bone gap was significantly better in ears with mild
      histopathological changes than in ears with severe histopathological changes in
      the middle ear (17.0 db./33.1 db.; p less than 0.001) or mastoid (29.0 db./34.2
      db.; p less than 0.01) at operation. The difference in hearing results in favour
      of the former group was more significant in ears in which the tympanic mucosa had
      been saved at operation (p less than 0.01/p less than 0.001) than in ears in
      which the mucosa had been removed (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6827181
TI  - The fine surface view of the human adult eustachian tube.
AB  - The distribution pattern of ciliated cells and goblet cells in the mucosa of the
      normal adult human eustachian tube has been determined by means of SEM. In
      general, the density of the ciliated cells decreased from the pharyngeal to the
      tympanic orifice, and from the tubal floor to its roof. Most ciliated cells
      possessed about 100-200 cilia, and the average length of the cilia was
      approximately 8 mu. It is interesting to note that their number and length had a
      tendency to diminish towards the tympanic orifice of the tube. The ciliated
      epithelial cells at the tubal floor and lower parts of the walls undoubtedly play
      an important part in providing an active mucociliary mechanism, as in other parts
      of the upper respiratory system.

PMID- 6827182
TI  - Allergic nasal mucosa following topical treatment with beclomethasone
      dipropionate (Bdp) aerosol. Electron microscopic study.

PMID- 6827183
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis.

PMID- 6827184
TI  - A mathematical theory of size distributions in tissue culture.

PMID- 6827185
TI  - Localized bacterial infection in a distributed model for tissue inflammation.
AB  - Phagocyte motility and chemotaxis are included in a distributed mathematical
      model for the inflammatory response to bacterial invasion of tissue. Both uniform
      and non-uniform steady state solutions may occur for the model equations
      governing bacteria and phagocyte densities in a macroscopic tissue region. The
      non-uniform states appear to be more dangerous because they allow large bacteria
      densities concentrated in local foci, and in some cases greater total bacteria
      and phagocyte populations. Using a linear stability analysis, it is shown that a
      phagocyte chemotactic response smaller than a critical value can lead to a non
      uniform state, while a chemotactic response greater than this critical value
      stabilizes the uniform state. This result is the opposite of that found for the
      role of chemotaxis in aggregation of slimemold amoebae because, in the
      inflammatory response, the chemotactic population serves as an inhibitor rather
      than an activator. We speculate that these non-uniform steady states could be
      related to the localized cell aggregation seen in chronic granulomatous
      inflammation. The formation of non-uniform states is not necessarily a
      consequence of defective phagocyte chemotaxis, however. Rather, certain values of
      the kinetic parameters can yield values for the critical chemotactic response
      which are greater than the normal response. Numerical computations of the
      transient inflammatory response to bacterial challenge are presented, using
      parameter values estimated from the experimental literature wherever possible.

PMID- 6827187
TI  - Epidemic models with spatial spread due to population migration.

PMID- 6827186
TI  - Parasites at the origin of life.
AB  - This paper is concerned with parasitic virus-like particles and their hosts. It
      is proposed that parasitism must have occurred at an early stage of evolution,
      soon after the first self-reproducing systems had formed. When chemical building
      blocks for self-reproducing systems became scarce, current theories envision that
      some self-reproducing systems evolved the capability to synthesize materials for
      self-replication from chemical precursors in the environment. It is proposed that
      at about the same time parasitic systems (phages) arose that replicated at the
      expense of host systems by diverting host materials to the replication of their
      own genomes. With the aid of a mathematical model we demonstrate that host and
      phages can coexist in a stable equilibrium, depending upon the carrying capacity
      of the environment. If the latter falls below a threshold, then the parasites die
      out. A parasite that has the capability to integrate into the host genome is
      replicated along with it and thus escapes extinction during periods of population
      bottlenecks of the host population. The presence of phages creates evolutionary
      pressures favoring host defenses against them. Thus, modern bacteria are able to
      degrade most invading DNA (through restriction enzymes). Defense capabilities
      require a share of the genome, thus adding to the genetic complexity of
      organisms.

PMID- 6827188
TI  - Changing trends in the medical care environment.

PMID- 6827189
TI  - Surgical management of carcinoma of the lung: current perspectives and future
      considerations.

PMID- 6827190
TI  - Interpreting the Composite State Board of Medical Examiners' statutory authority
      to discipline physicians on the basis of conduct unrelated to the practice of
      medicine.

PMID- 6827191
TI  - Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6827192
TI  - The student body.

PMID- 6827193
TI  - Admissions.

PMID- 6827194
TI  - Curriculum.

PMID- 6827195
TI  - Facilities.

PMID- 6827196
TI  - Continuing Medical Education at the University of South Alabama.

PMID- 6827198
TI  - Graduate education in the sciences basic to medicine.

PMID- 6827197
TI  - Special programs.

PMID- 6827199
TI  - Volunteer faculty.

PMID- 6827200
TI  - The University of South Alabama Medical Alumni Association.

PMID- 6827201
TI  - Directions for the future.

PMID- 6827202
TI  - The forces shaping medical care.

PMID- 6827203
TI  - Effects of oestradiol, progesterone and androstenedione on the pulsatile
      secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized ewes during spring and autumn.
AB  - The effects of oestradiol-17 beta, androstenedione, progesterone and time of the
      year on the pulsatile secretion of LH were tested in ovariectomized Merino ewes
      (n = 32). The steroids were administered by small subcutaneous implants, and the
      LH pulses were observed in samples taken at intervals of 15 min for 12 h in
      spring 1979, autumn 1980 and spring 1980, seasons corresponding to successive
      periods of anoestrus, breeding season and anoestrus. During spring, oestradiol
      alone was able to reduce the frequency of the LH pulses, while progesterone,
      either alone or in combination with oestradiol, had little effect. During autumn,
      on the other hand, neither oestradiol nor progesterone could significantly reduce
      the frequency of the pulses when administered independently, whereas the combined
      treatment was very effective. Androstenedione had no significant effect on pulse
      frequency at either time of the year, either alone or in any combination with
      oestradiol and progesterone. The basal levels of LH, over which the pulses are
      superimposed, were reduced by oestradiol alone in both seasons. Progesterone
      alone had no consistent effects, but interacted significantly with oestradiol and
      this combined treatment maintained low basal levels most effectively at all
      times. Androstenedione had no significant effect. The amplitude of the pulses
      increased throughout the course of the experiment. Within seasons, the amplitudes
      were significantly higher in the presence of oestradiol and progesterone, but
      were not significantly affected by androstenedione. It was concluded that certain
      of the ovarian steroids exert negative feedback on the tonic secretion of LH
      primarily by reducing the frequency of the pulses, and that the changes in LH
      secretion attributable to season and phases of the oestrous cycle can be
      accounted for entirely by the responses of the hypothalamus to oestradiol and
      progesterone. The role of the androstenedione secreted by the ovary in the ewe
      remains obscure.

PMID- 6827205
TI  - Effect of underfeeding upon the rate of milk ejection in the lactating rat.

PMID- 6827206
TI  - Sex steroid concentrations in plasma from the canine deferential vein.
AB  - Sex steroid concentrations in plasma collected from the canine deferential vein
      were measured, after separation, by radioimmunoassay. The concentrations found
      were compared with those in the peripheral plasma. The mean concentrations of
      androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and oestradiol-17
      beta were 13.2, 14.7, 8.9, 4.6, 8.0 and 7.5 fold higher respectively in plasma
      from the deferential vein than in peripheral plasma. A close anatomical
      relationship was found between the vasa deferentia, the deferential vein and the
      peripheral plasma as well as between the deferential vein and the prostate gland.
      These findings emphasize and extend earlier conclusions that high levels of sex
      steroids present in the deferential vein could have a local influence on the
      growth of the prostate.

PMID- 6827207
TI  - Characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor in rat skin.
AB  - Using an exchange assay to measure occupied and unoccupied binding sites the
      interaction between [3H]triamcinolone acetonide and rat skin cytosol proteins was
      studied. A binding site with a high affinity (dissociation constant = 7 x 10(-10)
      mol/l) and a low capacity (400-600 fmol/mg protein) for triamcinolone acetonide
      was detected. The binding was specific to corticosteroids; fluorinated steroids
      showed a higher affinity than natural steroids. Non-corticosteroids, with the
      exception of progesterone, had little or no affinity for the binding site. At 0
      degrees C the second-order rate constant of association was 2.23 x 10(6) mol/l
      per min and the first-order rate constant of dissociation was 1.6 x 10(-4) per
      min. In the absence of dithiothreitol and molybdate the specific binding was
      rapidly abolished. The binding was also labile to heating and proteolytic
      enzymes. One day after adrenalectomy there was a significant increase in the
      number of assayable binding sites in the cytosol. The results are consistent with
      the binding protein being the physiological glucocorticoid receptor in rat skin.

PMID- 6827204
TI  - Bovine growth hormone fragment (1-133) has in-vitro somatomedin-like activity.
AB  - Thrombin digestion of bovine growth hormone (1-191) resulted in cleavage of the
      peptide bond between amino acid residues 133 and 134. Native growth hormone and
      purified peptides (1-133) and (134-191) were assayed for somatomedin-like
      activity. Peptide (1-133), ranging in concentration from 0.15-15 nmol/l,
      stimulated in-vitro uptake of [3H]thymidine by rat costal cartilage. None of the
      other peptides was biologically active.

PMID- 6827208
TI  - The splanchnic removal of cortisol from plasma of anaesthetized adult guinea
      pigs.
AB  - To evaluate the role of the liver in cortisol catabolism the extraction ratio of
      both cortisol and cortisone by the organs of the splanchnic area was estimated in
      guinea-pigs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. The [3H]cortisol and [3H]cortisone
      concentrations were measured in portal and sus hepatic venous plasma during a
      constant infusion of [3H]cortisol or [3H]cortisone. The extraction ratio of
      cortisol was estimated to be 10-14% in the splanchnic area and the viscera, while
      in the liver it had a small negative value suggesting that the liver had produced
      as much or more cortisol than it had taken up. All the cortisone (95%) formed
      from cortisol in the viscera was eliminated from the plasma compartment by the
      liver. Some 75-80% of the infused cortisone was converted to cortisol; rather
      less of the infused cortisol was converted to cortisone (32%). Using estimates of
      plasma flow derived from sham-operated animals, the uptake of cortisol by the
      various organs was calculated. The splanchnic area extracted 41% of the infused
      cortisol from the plasma: 25-27% as cortisol and 13-16% as cortisone. The liver
      appeared to take up cortisone preferentially. The conversion of cortisone into
      cortisol within the liver seems to be important in limiting the amount of
      cortisol removed from the plasma by the splanchnic area. The liver is also
      important in inactivating the steroids although other sites are probably also
      involved.

PMID- 6827209
TI  - Peripheral plasma progesterone and oestradiol concentrations associated with
      successful and unsuccessful recovery of uterine embryos in rhesus monkeys with
      and without intra-uterine devices.
AB  - Concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol were measured in peripheral plasma
      samples collected at the time when the uteri of rhesus monkeys with an intra
      uterine device (IUD) and those without an IUD were flushed in attempts to recover
      uterine embryos. The proportion of successful attempts in IUD-bearing monkeys was
      much lower than in the non-IUD-bearing animals. Steroid measurements indicated
      that this reduced success rate was not due to an effect of the IUD on the timing
      of ovulation within the menstrual cycle or to a steroid-mediated disturbance in
      the rate of embryo transport to the uterine lumen. Successful embryo recoveries
      were associated with a higher progesterone concentration, suggesting that one
      reason for failure was that the attempt had been made too close to ovulation.
      There was no evidence of any asymmetry between the left or right ovaries in their
      ovulatory or steroidogenic activity.

PMID- 6827210
TI  - Effects of prednisone on thyroid and gonadal endocrine function in dogs.
AB  - To assess the effect of a glucocorticoid on thyroid and gonadal endocrine
      function, prednisone was administered on alternate days to dogs. The prednisone
      injections resulted in adrenocortical suppression, as shown by the response to
      ACTH. Basal plasma thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentrations were
      considerably reduced in prednisone-treated dogs. However, the thyroid response to
      injection of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was not altered, indirectly
      demonstrating that pituitary release of TSH was not inhibited by prednisone.
      Similarly, the response of the thyroid to exogenous TSH was not reduced by
      prednisone treatment. Electron microscopic examination of thyroid tissue revealed
      accumulation of colloid droplets in the follicular cell cytoplasm of dogs treated
      with prednisone. It is postulated that prednisone may interfere with basal
      thyroid hormone secretion by inhibiting lysosomal hydrolysis of colloid in the
      thyroid follicular cell. Basal plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone,
      measured in the male dogs, were reduced by prednisone treatment. Responses of
      prednisone-treated dogs to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone were not
      significantly reduced. Prednisone administration did not alter testicular
      responsiveness to injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin. After orchidectomy,
      plasma LH values were significantly reduced in prednisone-treated dogs. Taken
      together, these results suggest that LH secretion in dogs is inhibited at the
      hypothalamic and/or pituitary level by prednisone administration, which
      consequently results in reduced testosterone concentrations.

PMID- 6827212
TI  - Way finding and cognitive mapping in large-scale environments: a test of a
      developmental model.
AB  - First, fourth, and seventh graders (7, 10, and 13 years of age, respectively)
      were given a series of tasks to assess their spatial competency in and their
      cognitive mapping of their school campus. Measures of way-finding, landmark,
      route, and configurational knowledge were obtained and analyzed to (1) assess way
      finding skills in the same environment as that in which their cognitive
      representations were inferred and assessed; (2) determine the validity of the
      hierarchical model of cognitive mapping development proposed by Siegel and White
      by examining individual children's performance patterns as well as between-group
      performance; and (3) investigate the relationship between grade level and
      familiarity within an environment where familiarity within subsets of the
      environment varied by grade. Subjects were asked to create and walk three novel
      and efficient routes, to select photographs of scenes belonging to the three
      routes, to correctly order and metrically relate those scenes, and to make
      bearing and distance estimates from four sighting locations to six targets within
      the environment. Results indicated that all children were extremely competent way
      finders. Guttman scale analysis revealed that 93% of all children exhibited
      performance patterns predicted by the proposed model. Further support of the
      model was found in grade level differences on cognitive mapping measures.
      Reversals in the developmental trend were found, however, on some portions of the
      route and configuration measures, and were significantly related to degree of
      familiarity within the environment.

PMID- 6827211
TI  - Evidence for glucocorticosteroid receptors in the erythroid cell line of fetal
      rat liver.

PMID- 6827213
TI  - Developmental and reading ability differences in accessing information from
      semantic memory.
AB  - A categorical judgment task was utilized to investigate the relationships between
      word recognition skills and reading achievement at several grade levels. In the
      first experiment skilled and unskilled readers from Grades 2, 4, and 6 made
      cognitive decisions about pairs of words using either graphemic, lexical, or
      semantic information. In Experiment 2 skilled, average, and unskilled readers
      from Grades 1, 3, and 5 made semantic decisions about word or picture pairs. The
      speed and accuracy of word encoding, lexical access, and semantic memory access
      processes varied as a function of reading ability. These results suggest that
      inefficient word recognition skills can contribute to reading deficiencies as can
      deficiencies in semantic memory organization.

PMID- 6827214
TI  - Developments in infants' search for displaced objects.
AB  - In an exploratory study of infants' search for displaced objects, 13-month-olds
      and 21-month-olds were tested on three kinds of displacement problems--visible
      displacements, invisible displacements, and transpositions--as well as single
      hiding problems. Two aspects of performance on the displacement problems were
      distinguished: (1) searching within the locations involved in the displacement
      rather than at a control location, and (2) selecting between the displacement
      locations. Both the younger and the older infants were able to select the correct
      location on visible displacement problems and to search within the displacement
      locations on invisible problems. Neither age group was able to solve the
      transposition problems, but the older infants did at least search within the
      relevant locations on those problems. Age differences appeared to be due
      primarily to improved skill at identifying relevant locations rather than to
      improvements in selecting among those locations. Other factors contributing to
      the age differences in performance were a decrease in response biases and an
      increase in skills for coping with multiple possibilities.

PMID- 6827215
TI  - Encoding and contextual components of word recognition in good and poor readers.
AB  - Good and poor readers from the third and sixth grades (9- and 12-year-olds,
      respectively), named visually presented words as rapidly as possible. Words were
      in clear or degraded form, and were preceded by related or unrelated words. Poor
      readers were hurt more by degradation than were good readers, and showed greater
      benefit from context. In general, the contextual benefit was greater with
      degraded words than with intact, and this interaction was especially pronounced
      in the poor readers. The results are consistent with an interactive-compensatory
      model of word recognition. Under conditions in which stimulus encoding is slow,
      contextual factors may compensate for this encoding deficit.

PMID- 6827216
TI  - Spatial representations of young children: the role of self- versus adult
      directed movement and viewing.
AB  - The influence of the control of movement and viewing while exploring a novel
      large-scale environment was assessed. Forty kindergarteners and forty second
      grade children served in four activity conditions that represented the factorial
      combination of movement (self vs adult directed) and viewing (self vs adult
      directed). A significant grade level X movement X viewing interaction revealed
      that when kindergarteners directed their own movement, estimates of interlocation
      distances were equivalent whether viewing was self or adult directed. If movement
      was directed by an adult, kindergarteners estimated interlocation distances more
      accurately if the adult also directed their viewing than if the children directed
      their own viewing. Second grade children performed comparably across all four
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 6827217
TI  - Linear systems analysis of infant visual pattern preferences.
AB  - Karmel's check-pattern preference data for 13-week-old infants were reanalyzed
      using linear systems analysis. The two-dimensional Fourier amplitude spectrum was
      calculated for each of his eight checkerboard and random check patterns. The mean
      contrast sensitivity data for 3-month-old infants of Banks and Salapatek and the
      spatial frequency amplitudes of the patterns were used to derive three metrics to
      predict the looking times observed by Karmel. One was based on the sensitivity of
      the visual system to the single pattern component highest above threshold
      (maximum amplitude), the second was based on the total amount of pattern energy
      above threshold (total summation), and the third was based on the maximum
      amplitude with summation over nearby spatial frequency components (limited
      summation). The predictive power of the maximum amplitude and the total summation
      metrics depended on whether the pattern type was checkerboard or random check.
      The limited summation metric predicted looking times well for both pattern types.
      A linear function of the logarithm of the limited summation metric accounted for
      91% of the total variance in looking time.

PMID- 6827219
TI  - The effects of a communication task upon the representation of depth
      relationships in young children's drawings.
AB  - Attempts to represent the occlusion of a farther object by a nearer one are
      infrequent in young children's drawings. Instead they typically draw the objects
      side by side or one above the other. This does not appear to reflect a limitation
      of skill, but rather a concern with the array of objects per se as opposed to the
      child's own particular view. Two experiments are reported which attempt to assess
      children's ability to produce view-specific drawings by creating a context that
      clearly demands such drawings. In a "communication game," drawings were produced
      by one child so that another could identify the chair he had been sitting on. In
      a first experiment, compared to a control condition this game produced
      significantly more view-specific drawings from 7- and 8-year-olds, but not from 5
      and 6-year-olds. A second experiment with 5- and 6-year-olds was also
      ineffective in promoting view-specific drawings at this age.

PMID- 6827218
TI  - Neuropsychological assessment of learning disabilities: a discriminant analysis.
AB  - The neuropsychological test scores of 23 learning disabled children were compared
      with those of a matched population of normal children in the 9-1 to 13-1 age
      range. All children were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
      Children-Revised (WISC-R), a dichotic listening task involving both free and
      directed recall conditions, a handedness inventory, the Tactile Performance Test
      and the Category Test from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. A
      multivariate analysis of variance resulted in a significant separation between
      groups (p less than .001) using these procedures. A stepwise discriminant
      function analysis revealed that both of the directed dichotic tasks contributed
      the most of all 13 measures to the significant group separation. In addition,
      other cognitive tasks found to discriminate normal from learning disabled
      children include general verbal processes, concept formation, and tactile memory.
      These findings suggest that the directed dichotic listening procedure and the
      WISC-R Verbal IQ measure are reasonably valuable clinical tools in the
      classification of learning disabilities.

PMID- 6827220
TI  - Spatial cognition: gathering strategies used by preschool children.
AB  - How preschool children retrieve hidden objects was examined in two cross
      sectional studies. The first was a simple task in which 1- and 3-year-olds saw
      two treats hidden in their living room. The newly walking infants generally
      sought the closer treat first, providing evidence for a least-distance spatial
      strategy. However, this strategy was affected by a tendency to approach the
      hiding place most recently baited. Three-year-old children used a least-distance
      strategy regardless of the order of hidings. In Experiment 2, 3- and 5-year-olds
      saw 12 puzzle pieces hidden in various containers equally spaced within a
      naturally furnished children's laboratory. Factors in addition to age were the
      distinctiveness of the containers and a requirement to return to the center of
      the array after each retrieval. Overall, children of both age groups were quite
      successful at this task, retrieving 11 of the pieces. However, 3-year-olds were
      less efficient, retrieving fewer pieces and requiring more searches. Detailed
      analyses of errors and patterns of choices indicated differential processes in
      achieving their performance. Three-year-old children showed the use of memories
      for events, discrimination of classes of hiding places, and efficient spatial
      biases. Five-year-old children were more likely to exhibit these processes
      concurrently.

PMID- 6827221
TI  - Social labeling theory and the physician.

PMID- 6827223
TI  - Behavioral science in family practice.

PMID- 6827222
TI  - Errors in recorded birthweights.

PMID- 6827224
TI  - Educational pelvic examination.

PMID- 6827225
TI  - Telephone prescriptions.

PMID- 6827226
TI  - The far-reaching consequences of a diagnosis.

PMID- 6827227
TI  - Current perspectives on indications and limitations of mammography.
AB  - Women have a 7 percent natural lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, which
      is the leading cause of death in women aged 40 to 50 years. Most data suggest
      that the earlier the disease is diagnosed, the better the chance for cure. Women
      with "minimal breast cancer" have an actuarial 20-year survival rate of 93.2
      percent. The majority of these breast cancers are diagnosed by mammography. The
      radiation doses from this technique have been dramatically decreased over the
      last ten years to about 0.1 to 0.6 rads per study. The two largest breast cancer
      screening studies, the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York and the Breast
      Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, have shown conclusively that women over
      50 years old can benefit from annual mammography and that certain groups can
      benefit from mammography at close intervals before the age of 50 years. This
      article describes the development of mammography and outlines current
      perspectives on its indications and limitations.

PMID- 6827228
TI  - A Functional Dementia Scale.
AB  - Development of a scale to quantify the severity of functional disabilities
      associated with dementia is described. The Functional Dementia Scale (FDS) is
      designed for use by caretakers of disabled elderly. It contains 20 items in three
      subscales: activities of daily living, orientation, and affect. Cronbach's alpha
      coefficient of internal consistency for the scale was .90, and test-retest
      correlation was .88.

PMID- 6827229
TI  - How useful are symptoms in the diagnosis of Candida vaginitis?
AB  - Two hundred four female subjects symptomatic and asymptomatic for genitourinary
      disease were evaluated for Candida vaginitis. All were questioned regarding the
      presence or absence of a variety of symptoms related to the genitourinary system,
      including vaginal discharge, its color, if present, pruritus, dysuria, and the
      like. Additionally, all subjects were cultured for Candida by use of Sabouraud
      agar. Thirty-six subjects demonstrated cultures positive for Candida. Of 36
      totally asymptomatic subjects, 4 had positive cultures, yielding a prevalence (18
      percent) and asymptomatic positive rate (11 percent) consistent with those
      reported in the literature. All genitourinary symptoms individually and in
      combinations proved to be very poor predictors of the presence of Candida on
      culture. The study concludes that the diagnosis of Candida vaginitis cannot be
      made based on symptoms alone. A suggestion describing the office workup of
      Candida vaginitis is presented.

PMID- 6827230
TI  - Bladder dysfunction: a remedial social problem.
AB  - Urinary bladder dysfunction is a leading disability of persons with multiple
      sclerosis. The study reported here demonstrates that the critical management of
      this neurologic deficit can improve the patient's quality of life in terms of
      personal, social, and occupational activities. The urodynamic studies of urinary
      flow rate, voiding cystourethrography, and positional cystometrography were used
      to establish the type of neurogenic bladder (areflexic, uninhibited, or mixed).
      Management regimens were individualized using a combination of anticholinergic or
      cholinergic drugs, intermittent self-catheterization, and managed fluid intake
      and voiding.

PMID- 6827232
TI  - The cultural meanings and social uses of illness. A role for medical anthropology
      and clinically oriented social science in the development of primary care theory
      and research.
AB  - Basic research that is conceptually and methodologically innovative and that
      fosters long-term research programs should play a role in the academic
      development of primary care, alongside more practical applied studies of specific
      clinical problems. A creative tension between the two has been a distinctive
      attribute of academic medicine and should be fostered in family medicine and
      other primary care disciplines. The biopsychosocial model offers a paradigm for
      the incorporation of clinically oriented social science research as one basic
      science approach in which primary care researchers can receive advanced training
      and pursue an academic career. The author briefly illustrates such a career with
      reference to studies (his own included) on the social uses and psychocultural
      meanings of illness. Somatization, a major problem in primary care, is
      illuminated by such a clinically applied social science research framework.
      Developing the scientific basis of an academic discipline involves intellectual
      education in systematic scholarship to create and critique concepts as much as it
      requires training in the application of rigorous research design and powerful
      statistical techniques.

PMID- 6827231
TI  - The athlete's diet: a current view.
AB  - As a result of new interest in prescribing individual athletic programs and
      healthy life styles, the average participant and the health care provider are
      faced with confusing information on what constitutes optimal nutrition. Not only
      has the efficacy of dietary supplements (high-protein, "megadose" vitamins and
      minerals) for improved athletic performance not been demonstrated, but these
      supplements can also have undesirable effects. A diet of adequate calories and
      composition remains the optimal source of good nutrition and must be balanced
      with energy output. While most mineral supplements are unnecessary, iron
      supplements for female athletes and for male long-distance runners may be
      advisable. Carbohydrate loading is the only dietary manipulation shown to affect
      athletic performance and then only in the endurance athlete. Conscious water
      replacement is needed during and after competition.

PMID- 6827233
TI  - Ten central elements of family practice.
AB  - Previous studies of the content of family practice have analyzed the discipline
      in terms of the clinical problem content. Taking a different approach, a study
      group analyzed the care given to patients by family physicians irrespective of
      the specific clinical problems. Working with a reference group of family
      physicians in private practice, ten central elements were identified: (1)
      comprehensiveness of care, (2) anticipation of problems and continuity of care,
      (3) personal relationships with a patient, (4) medical knowledge and skills
      characteristic of family medicine, (5) values and attitudes that enhance family
      medicine, (6) problem definition and medical decision making, (7) problem
      management and resource coordination, (8) care of the individual within the
      family context, (9) involvement with the community, and (10) attentiveness to
      practice organization. This study provides a different point of departure for the
      design and evaluation of educational programs in family practice.

PMID- 6827234
TI  - The Good Neighbor Rescue Program: utilizing volunteers to perform cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation in a rural community.
AB  - The Good Neighbor Rescue Program utilizes volunteers who pay for their basic life
      support training. Acting as first responders during cardiac emergencies, they
      become involved in the emergency care of seriously ill patients. In the program
      described, they participated in saving two lives during the first two years of
      the program. They reduced the time for trained help to arrive at the scene in 90
      percent of the emergencies. The program requires coordination of existing
      resources within the rural community, is inexpensive, and is heavily dependent on
      volunteerism. The program complements the goals of providing basic life support
      to cardiac victims before the arrival of an ambulance and of providing advanced
      life support at the scene.

PMID- 6827235
TI  - Teaching child development and behavior to family practice residents.

PMID- 6827236
TI  - The patient exhibiting episodic violent behavior.
AB  - This case presentation describes a 21-year-old white male patient seen for
      episodic violent behavior. The case is seen as relevant for primary care
      physicians because of the frequency of violent acting out in the general
      population, the importance of making an accurate diagnosis, and the many medical,
      psychological, and social implications involved in diagnosing such disorders. In
      such cases it is important that the physician keep an open mind and include
      within the differential diagnosis a variety of psychiatric disturbances such as
      paranoid schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder, drug abuse syndromes
      including a variety of hallucinogens as well as prescription medication, organic
      diseases affecting the central nervous system, including encephalitis and
      temporal lobe epilepsy, and a variety of interpersonal difficulties, including
      spouse abuse and spousal rape. The case presentation method demonstrates how the
      psychiatric interview and a judicious use of biochemical and physiological
      testing can lead the practitioner to a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6827237
TI  - Interaction of indomethacin with furosemide.

PMID- 6827239
TI  - Medical literature filing systems in family practice residency programs.

PMID- 6827238
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome associated with diaphragm use.

PMID- 6827240
TI  - Qualitative research in family medicine.

PMID- 6827241
TI  - Self-assessment in family practice.

PMID- 6827242
TI  - Noninvasive vascular diagnostic studies in the trauma patient.

PMID- 6827243
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: an update.

PMID- 6827244
TI  - Current status of immunotherapy in stage IV renal adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6827245
TI  - My experiences as a member of the Florida State Board of Medical Examiners.

PMID- 6827246
TI  - Virosomes constructed from lipid and purified Friend leukaemia virus
      glycoprotein.
AB  - Liposomes were loaded by a dialysis technique with purified envelope
      glycopolypeptide, gp85, of the Friend murine leukaemia virus (F-MuLV). The gp85
      liposomes prepared from cellular lipid had a buoyant density of 1.05 g/ml and an
      apparent diameter of 50 to 300 nm. The gp85 was not simply entrapped by liposomes
      nor adsorbed non-specifically to their outer surface. Experiments with
      radioactively labelled protein, electron microscopic examinations, protease
      treatment and concanavalin A binding showed that gp85 is anchored in the
      liposomal membrane and oriented asymmetrically as in the virus envelope.
      Moreover, gp85-covered liposomes displayed some functions of the intact F-MuLV
      envelope, such as absorption of antibodies to gp70 and haemagglutination after
      enzyme treatment. To some extent, these lipid vesicles appeared to be
      reconstituted F-MuLV envelopes and thus, by analogy to other systems, were named
      retrovirosomes.

PMID- 6827247
TI  - Analyses of structural polypeptides of seven different isolates of influenza C
      virus.
AB  - The major structural polypeptides (gp88, NP and M) of seven different influenza C
      virus strains isolated between 1947 and 1981 in U.S.A. and Japan were compared by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional mapping of the peptide
      fragments produced after limited proteolysis with various proteases. Of the three
      polypeptides analysed, the membrane (M) protein appeared to be the most highly
      conserved since the electrophoretic mobility as well as the mapping pattern of
      this protein was found to be identical among all seven strains. The structure of
      nucleoprotein (NP) was also found to be highly conserved. The proteins of five
      isolates from 1964 to 1981 showed migration rates and mapping patterns
      indistinguishable from each other though they were slightly different in mapping
      patterns from the earlier isolates, C/Taylor/1233/47 and C/JJ/50. The
      similarities between influenza C strains were also evident with the surface
      glycoprotein, gp88. The gp88 proteins of the five strains isolated in 1947, 1950,
      1971 and 1981 were virtually identical in migration rates as well as in mapping
      patterns, while the two isolates of 1964 and 1974 showed minor differences. These
      results strongly suggest that the surface glycoprotein of influenza C virus is
      structurally much more stable than the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
      glycoproteins of influenza A and B viruses. Further, the findings that
      differences from the original influenza C strain, Taylor/1233/47 were detectable
      in the strains isolated in 1964 and 1974 but not in the strains isolated in 1971
      and 1981 suggest that unlike the antigenic drift of types A and B influenza
      viruses, the structural variation of gp88 may not be a sequential event.

PMID- 6827248
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. III. Structural proteins of the virion.
AB  - Analysis of radioactively labelled and highly purified infectious lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis (LCM) virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
      revealed 12 components which, according to their apparent molecular weight and
      glycosylation status, were designated as p19, p25, p26, gp35, p38, gp44, gp60,
      p63, p77, gp85, gp130, and p200. As shown by immunoprecipitation, they all bound
      to rabbit anti-LCM virus antibodies. Three proteins, namely gp35 (= 'GP-2'), gp44
      (= 'GP-1') and p63 (= 'NP'), had previously been described by others as major
      constituents of the virion. Our results confirm this and suggest that gp60, p77,
      gp85, and p200 are further distinct structural proteins. In contrast, p25 and p38
      appear to be cleavage or degradation products of p63; p19 and p26 seem to belong
      to gp60, which could be the monomeric form of a dimer, gp130. Peptide mapping by
      limited proteolysis revealed considerable overlapping of amino acid sequences
      among the major glycoproteins with one peptide being common to all. From the
      results of PAGE performed after external labelling of intact virions, we conclude
      that gp44, gp60, and gp85 (but not gp35) form the surface of the virus envelope.
      Analytical isoelectric focusing under non-reducing conditions has shown that the
      major glycoproteins appeared to consist of several components with different
      isoelectric points.

PMID- 6827249
TI  - Molecular basis of rabies virus virulence. II. Identification of a site on the
      CVS glycoprotein associated with virulence.
AB  - Nine anti-G monoclonal antibodies were used to select mutants of the CVS strain
      of rabies virus resistant to neutralization. Seven mutants were avirulent in
      adult mice and two others exhibited an attenuated pathogenicity. Both categories
      were resistant to monoclonal antibodies 194-2 and 248-8. Virulence appears to be
      associated with a particular configuration of a region of the glycoprotein which
      is located at the intersection of the epitopes recognized by these two monoclonal
      antibodies. Our results confirm the role played by the glycoprotein in the
      neurovirulence of rabies virus.

PMID- 6827250
TI  - Production, screening and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to murine
      interferon-beta.
AB  - A hybrid murine myeloma (2-13F5) secreting a monoclonal antibody that
      specifically bound and neutralized murine interferon beta has been isolated.
      Affinity chromatography with immobilized 2-13F5 monoclonal antibody of murine IFN
      (containing both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) separated an IFN-beta preparation that
      demonstrated one band with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of SDS-PAGE at a
      molecular weight of 35000 and a specific activity of 4.3 x 10(8) units/mg of
      protein. This monoclonal antibody neither bound nor neutralized murine IFN-alpha.
      In addition, it bound only 87% of the interferon demonstrating a molecular weight
      of 35K. Possible explanations of this partial binding are discussed.

PMID- 6827251
TI  - Brain disconnection, schizophrenia, and paranoia.
AB  - A lateral deficit explanation of schizophrenic cognition maintains that a left
      hemisphere deficit is characteristic of nonparanoid schizophrenia whereas right
      hemispheric deficits may be common in paranoid schizophrenia. An alternate
      explanation postulates an interhemispheric deficit in schizophrenic functioning.
      A major piece of evidence for this position is Beaumont and Dimond's oft-cited
      experiment matching pairs of stimuli presented to left, right, and both
      hemispheres (Beaumont, J. G., and Dimond, S. J. Brain disconnection and
      schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry, 123: 661-662, 1973). We expanded upon this
      study and found left hemisphere deficits and interhemisphere deficits in
      schizophrenics. However, the type of deficit seemed directly related to the
      distinction of a paranoid-nonparanoid schizophrenic diagnosis. Paranoids match
      stimuli in all hemisphere conditions as well as control groups. Nonparanoid
      schizophrenics, on the other hand, had their greatest problem on all stimuli in
      the left hemisphere. Their right hemisphere performance was not different from
      other groups. The nonparanoid also exhibited problems in interhemispheric
      matching, but this seemed due to an impaired left hemisphere. Results, therefore,
      did not support an interhemisphere transfer deficit. A discussion of prior work
      suggests that the nonparanoid schizophrenic has a problem in serial processing in
      the left hemisphere.

PMID- 6827252
TI  - Hallucinations vs. delusions. A developmental approach.
AB  - The developmental levels of three samples of paranoid and nonparanoid
      schizophrenic patients who manifested hallucinations, delusions, or both symptoms
      were compared. The patient sample consisted of 432 men and 207 women.
      Developmental level was assessed by the Zigler-Phillips Social Competence Index.
      Patients who manifested delusions were found to be at a higher developmental
      level than those who suffered hallucinations. The social competence of patients
      having both symptoms tended to fall between the levels of the single symptom
      groups. Females had higher competence scores than males, and paranoid patients
      had higher scores than nonparanoid patients. The results were discussed in terms
      of the significance of developmental level as a pervasive dimension of the
      individual which relates to the expression of specific symptoms and other facets
      of psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 6827253
TI  - Predicting psychiatric admission from an emergency room. Psychiatric,
      psychosocial, and methodological factors.
AB  - The determinants of psychiatric hospitalization, especially nonspecific issues,
      have been studied extensively. The methodological problem of correlational non
      cross-validated findings are seen as contributing to our uncertainties about the
      critical issues involved in the decision to admit. A cross-validated multiple
      regression analysis of determinants of hospitalization in an inner-city municipal
      hospital revealed two determinants of hospitalization: severity of schizophrenic
      symptoms and active suicidal and/or homicidal ideation. They accounted for one
      third of the variance without shrinkage. Quasi-experimental designs may be the
      most efficient means of studying the remaining unexplained variance.

PMID- 6827255
TI  - Latah II--problems with a purely symbolic interpretation. A reply to Michael
      Kenny.

PMID- 6827254
TI  - Paradox lost. The latah problem revisited.
AB  - This paper examines the validity of Dr. R. C. Simons' resolution (Simons, R. C.
      The resolution of the latah paradox. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 168: 195-206, 1980) of
      the so-called latah paradox. Latah, a Malay condition precipitated by sudden
      fright and involving compulsive obscenity and mimesis, was found to be closely
      related to local cultural values; yet a paradox seems to arise from the fact that
      analogous conditions are reported from unrelated cultures. Simons accounts for
      this by proposing that latah and its kindred states are based on the universal
      human startle reflex and that latah is merely a culture-specific exploitation of
      a neurophysiological potential shared by humans and other animals. It is here
      argued that the evidence does not support such a view and that latah-like
      conditions are best considered in terms of their local meaning within their
      societies of origin; ethnographic material from Siberia is examined as a case in
      point. It is concluded that the "latah paradox" is illusory and that biomedical
      approaches to the question have seriously misread the nature of the phenomenon
      and potentially distort clinical practice in relation to it.

PMID- 6827256
TI  - Commentary on "The resolution of the latah paradox".

PMID- 6827257
TI  - Latah III--how compelling is the evidence for a psychoanalytic interpretation? A
      reply to H.B.M. Murphy.

PMID- 6827258
TI  - Men who batter: some pertinent characteristics.
AB  - The recent literature on domestic violence has done little to characterize the
      man who batters. The authors report statistics on five major correlates of such
      men: violence between the batterer's parents, abuse of the batterer when he was a
      child, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and employment status. After reviewing the
      literature, the authors present data from 188 face-to-face interviews with men
      who sought counseling for their abusive behavior toward their mates. Nearly three
      quarters saw violence between their parents, almost one half were abused as
      children, over one half abused alcohol, more than one third abused drugs, and
      nearly one quarter were unemployed. It is concluded that professionals dealing
      with domestic violence need to be alert to alcoholism problems, and that there
      may be some support for the belief that such violence may be a behavior in part
      learned from childhood experience.

PMID- 6827260
TI  - A quantitative study of visual cortex synapses during the postnatal development
      of dark-reared rats.
AB  - The method of Aghajanian and Bloom (1967) was applied to the visual cortex of
      normal and neonatally visually deprived rats. The rats were kept with their
      mothers in total darkness since birth, in a ventilated and temperature-controlled
      animal quarter. Controls were rats from the same stock, maintained in a regular
      12-h-light/12-h-dark rhythm. The animals were killed at 15, 23, 40, and 65 days
      of age, and the visual cortices fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed for
      electron micrography with ethanol-phosphotungstic acid. A total of 6249 synaptic
      profiles were counted and their numerical density (DS) determined in both
      conditions. Features of the presynaptic grid were used for classifying the
      synaptic profiles in: type A [with one presynaptic dense projection (PsDP)]; type
      B (with two or three PsDPS); and type C (with four or more PsDPS). In the
      visually deprived rats the DS increases with a rate similar to controls, but the
      values for each age are slightly lower (P less than 0.01). Type B synapses
      predominate in the visually deprived group while types A and C are scarcer. The
      differences found between types were maximal at 65 days of age and the results
      were highly significant (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that major effects
      of dark-rearing are manifested when the individual features of the presynaptic
      grid are considered. It seems that a selected population of synapses is affected
      by the alteration of the normal epigenetic influence of early visual experience.

PMID- 6827259
TI  - Secondary mania as a presentation of progressive dialysis encephalopathy.
AB  - A case of acute mania in a 50-year-old woman who had received hemodialysis
      treatment for 2 1/2 years is described. The patient's presentation with secondary
      manic and associated psychotic features was the initial symptom of the syndrome
      of progressive dialysis encephalopathy (PDE). Shortly thereafter, an abnormal EEG
      tracing was obtained. Several months later she developed dysarthria and muscular
      twitchings and EEG changes persisted, a symptom complex characteristic of PDE.
      The appearance of psychiatric symptoms among patients receiving chronic dialysis
      treatment may herald the onset of PDE.

PMID- 6827261
TI  - Neuronal elements in snail tentacles as revealed by horseradish peroxidase
      backfilling.
AB  - The snail tentacle ganglion is a prominent structure that innervates an
      epithelial pad sensitive to wind and odors. Its neural composition, and that of
      the sensory pad, was studied in the terrestrial snail Achatina fulica by applying
      horseradish peroxidase to the distal end of the cut tentactle nerve. Five types
      of neurons were labelled by the procedure: receptors, located in the
      subepithelial region; three kinds of interneurons, located in the ganglion and
      its digitlike extensions; and a bipolar neuron, located in the dermo-muscular
      wall of the tentacle. In contrast to earlier descriptions based on silver stains,
      the present results demonstrate the presence of neurons of large size (soma
      diameters up to 46 microns). Also, contrary to earlier interpretations, the
      results indicate that all five identified cell types send axons directly to the
      CNS.

PMID- 6827262
TI  - Morphology and odor sensitivity of regenerated snail tentacles.
AB  - This study examined certain structural and functional aspects of the olfactory
      system in regenerated posterior tentacles of the terrestrial snail Achatina
      fulica. Regeneration of the epithelial sensory pad occurs with accurate size
      regulation. All five neuronal cell types which are normally revealed by
      horseradish peroxidase backfilling are also regenerated. The sensory cells attain
      normal numbers at about 20 weeks postlesion. The organization of neuronal
      elements within the tentacle is chaotic, however, at early stages of
      regeneration. Even later, the digitlike extensions of the ganglion, which are
      characteristic of intact tentacles, fail to appear. The recovery of odor
      sensitivity was evaluated using a tentacular olfactormeter and a behavioral assay
      that involved locomotor orientation towards the odor stimulus. Thresholds and
      concentration-dependent response rates were equivalent for regenerated and intact
      tentacles, tested in the same animals, at 10 weeks post-lesion.

PMID- 6827263
TI  - Veratridine-stimulated central synapses in culture: a quantitative
      ultrastructural analysis.
AB  - Synapses in explant cultures of fetal rat neocortex at day 18 in vitro were
      stimulated by veratridine (10(-4)M) for 20 min. The cultures were subsequently
      processed for electron microscopy and the synapses were analyzed by quantitative
      techniques, incorporating set mathematical treatment. The mean values of area,
      perimeter, and form factor of the presynaptic elements significantly increased
      following veratridine stimulation, compared to the values of control synapses.
      The length of the postsynaptic thickening also increased, while synaptic
      curvature did not change significantly in the veratridine group. A fivefold
      reduction was observed in the mean number of synaptic vesicles per presynaptic
      element and in the vesicle-terminal area ratio, following veratridine
      stimulation. The cytoplasm-terminal area ratio and the occurrence of
      vacuoles/cisternae significantly increased after veratridine application. Planar
      measurement of membranes (boundary length) of different presynaptic organelles
      revealed that the total membrane did not change significantly in the veratridine
      group. The data indicated an increase in volume and swelling of the pre- and
      postsynaptic elements, considerable depletion of synaptic vesicles, and
      preservation of the total presynaptic membrane following veratridine stimulation
      in nerve tissue culture.

PMID- 6827264
TI  - Metabolically active synaptosomes can be prepared from frozen rat and human
      brain.
AB  - Nerve ending particles (synaptosomes) were prepared from pieces of rat and human
      brain and from brain homogenate that had been frozen and thawed under a variety
      of conditions. Their purity, as judged by electron microscopy, and performance in
      terms of a number of metabolic and functional parameters [accumulation of tissue
      potassium, respiration, release of transmitter amino acids, and the responses on
      these indices to depolarisation by veratrine (VX)] were compared with those of
      fresh tissue-derived synaptosomes. It was found that rapid freezing and/or slow
      thawing severely impaired the subsequent performance of incubated synaptosomes.
      In contrast, synaptosomes from tissue frozen slowly and thawed rapidly showed
      relatively good retention of morphology and metabolic performance. It was better
      to use whole (1-5 g) pieces of tissue than tissue homogenate: the synaptosome
      fraction from frozen tissue pieces contained 80% of the proportion of identified
      synaptosomes found in the fresh tissue synaptosome fraction, its respiratory rate
      was 65%, and its tissue potassium content 70% of that of fresh controls.
      Moreover, it responded to VX or potassium stimulation by showing increased
      respiratory rate, decreased tissue potassium, and increased release of
      neurotransmitter amino acids, to an extent that was comparable to that of fresh
      tissue fractions. Thus, preparations from frozen rat and human brain were shown
      to be metabolically and functionally active, and can be used for a variety of
      neurotransmitter-related studies.

PMID- 6827265
TI  - Complex inhibition of [3H]imipramine binding by serotonin and nontricyclic
      serotonin uptake blockers.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressant drugs inhibit [3H]imipramine binding to the rat brain
      cortex in a competitive manner, giving linear Hofstee plots and Hill coefficients
      of approximately 1.0. Serotonin, the only neurotransmitter to inhibit
      [3H]imipramine binding, does so in a complex manner, exhibiting a Hill
      coefficient of 0.40-0.50. Nontricyclic inhibitors of serotonin uptake such as
      fluoxetine, paroxetine, norzimelidine, and citalopram inhibit [3H]imipramine
      binding in the same complex manner as serotonin. These results are interpreted as
      suggesting that [3H]imipramine binds to a site associated with the serotonin
      uptake system but different from either the substrate recognition site for
      serotonin or the site of action of the nontricyclic inhibitors of neuronal uptake
      of serotonin.

PMID- 6827267
TI  - Effect of liposomes containing various divalent cations on the release of
      acetylcholine from synaptosomes.
AB  - The effect of increasing the cytoplasmic levels of various divalent cations on
      the release of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) from synaptosomes was investigated.
      Synaptosomes prepared from rat brain and prelabeled with [3H]choline were
      incubated with liposomes containing Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+. This
      treatment allows the transfer of the aqueous contents of the liposomes to the
      cytoplasm of the synaptosomes. The efflux of radioactivity subsequent to this
      treatment was measured, and the relative proportions of [3H]ACh and [3H]choline
      were determined. The release of radioactivity from synaptosomes incubated with
      liposomes containing Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ was not altered when compared with
      synaptosomes incubated either without liposomes or with liposomes containing
      isotonic K+/Na+. Synaptosomes incubated with liposomes containing Ca2+, Sr2+, or
      Ba2+, however, released significantly more radioactivity than did controls.
      Moreover, the released radioactivity consisted almost entirely of [3H]ACh.
      Liposomes containing either Ca2+ or Sr2+ were equally effective in promoting the
      release of [3H]ACh from synaptosomes, whereas liposomes containing Ba2+ were 2.5
      times more effective in promoting the release of [3H]ACh than were liposomes
      containing either Ca2+ or Sr2+. Since liposomes introduce their aqueous contents
      into cytoplasm via a mechanism not involving plasma membrane channels, the
      increased release of [3H]ACh caused by liposomes containing Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+
      is attributable to an increase in the intrasynaptosomal concentration of these
      ions, and not to their passage through calcium channels.

PMID- 6827266
TI  - Identification of muscarinic receptors in rat cerebral cortical microvessels.
AB  - Microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex consist mainly of capillaries
      (greater than 85%). Fresh, intact microvessel preparations have been analyzed by
      radioligand binding techniques for muscarinic receptors. Scatchard analysis of
      specific quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding indicates that microvessels
      possess a large number of muscarinic sites (914 fmol/mg protein) of high affinity
      (KD = 0.034 nM). The association and dissociation rate constants (0.37 min-1 nM-1
      and 0.0067 min-1, respectively) yield an equilibrium KD of 0.018 nM. Displacement
      of [3H]QNB by muscarinic ligands and control substances is typical of muscarinic
      receptors. The results indicate that cerebral microvessels possess a large
      population of muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 6827268
TI  - Identification and determination of 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid in human
      cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method for the quantification of 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid in human CSF
      was developed. Methylimidazole-acetic acid was identified and quantitated in CSF.
      The method involves concentration of the compound on a cation exchanger,
      extraction of the methyl ester with ethyl acetate, and preparation of a
      heptafluorobutyryl derivate of the methyl ester, which is finally purified by
      chromatography on silica gel and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry with the deuterated analogue as internal standard. The coefficient
      of variation at 1 ng/ml was 13%. The limit of sensitivity was about 0.2 ng/ml.
      The concentration of methylimidazole-acetic acid in lumbar CSF from healthy
      volunteers was below 1 ng/ml. Ventricular CSF contained higher concentrations
      than lumbar fluid. The existence of a rostrocaudal concentration gradient was
      established. There was a correlation between the concentration of methylimidazole
      acetic acid and tele-methylhistamine in CSF. The concentration of methylimidazole
      acetic acid in lumbar CSF from schizophrenic patients, patients with
      subarachnoidal haemorrhage, or patients with rheumatic disease was in the range
      of that in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 6827269
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, monoamines, prostaglandins, and 2
      chloroadenosine on adenylate cyclase in rat cerebral microvessels.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase in microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex was
      stimulated by guanine nucleotides, catecholamines, prostaglandin E1,
      prostaglandin E2, and 2-chloroadenosine. Catecholamine stimulation was mediated
      by interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors. The order of relative potency was:
      isoproterenol greater than epinephrine greater than norepinephrine. Activation of
      microvessel adenylate cyclase by prostaglandins E1 and E2 as well as by 2
      chloroadenosine was dose related. Twenty-two peptides were tested for possible
      effects on the microvessel adenylate cyclase. Only vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) was stimulatory. No inhibitory action was observed. Activation
      by VIP required guanosine triphosphate and was dose dependent from 10 nM to 1
      microM (ED50 = 0.1 microM). At 30 degrees C, stimulation of adenylate cyclase by
      the peptide increased linearly with time for up to 15 min. The effect of VIP was
      not inhibited by phentolamine or propranolol, suggesting that its action was not
      elicited by interaction with alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors. Activation
      achieved by VIP and isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, or 2-chloroadenosine was the
      sum of the individual stimulations, suggesting that receptors for VIP were
      distinct from those for isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, and 2-chloroadenosine.

PMID- 6827270
TI  - Posttranslational modifications of nuclear proteins in rat cerebral hemispheres
      during postnatal development.
AB  - The processes of acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation of nuclear
      proteins in cerebral hemispheres of 10- and 30-day-old rats were investigated.
      The experiments were carried out in vitro by measuring the incorporation of
      labeled precursors into histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHP)
      extracted from nuclei and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      results obtained indicate that there are age-specific differences in the
      processes of phosphorylation and methylation of chromosomal proteins, whereas the
      acetylation process did not change significantly between 10 and 30 days of age.
      Electrophoretic analysis of histones indicated that the histone H3 was labeled to
      a greater degree than the other fractions and showed major changes in the
      processes of phosphorylation and methylation during postnatal development. The
      electrophoretic analysis of NHP showed considerable changes between 10 and 30
      days of age. Certain components of NHP became increasingly evident as the brain
      developed. The methylation of an as yet unidentified protein with a molecular
      weight of approximately 118,000 daltons occurred at both ages.

PMID- 6827271
TI  - Hippocampal electrical activity and gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism in brain
      tissue following administration of homocysteine.
AB  - The concentration of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and the activity of glutamate
      decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase were measured in extracts of mouse brain
      before the onset and during the course of generalized seizures induced by
      systemic administration of homocysteine thiolactone. The results indicate that
      whole brain GABA metabolism is unaffected by subconvulsive and convulsive doses
      of homocysteine at all stages of the generalized seizure. Electroencephalographic
      monitoring of rat brain electrical activity via hippocampal electrode
      implantation allowed the course homocysteine-induced seizures to be followed and
      afforded a means of quantifying such seizures.

PMID- 6827272
TI  - On the significance of tyrosine for the synthesis and catabolism of dopamine in
      rat brain: evaluation by HPLC with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A chemical assay of tyrosine (Tyr) in nervous tissue is described. The method is
      based on a rapidly performed isolation of Tyr on small Sephadex G 10 columns,
      followed by reverse-phase HPLC in conjunction with amperometric detection. The
      method permitted the additional quantification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,
      dopamine (DA), and its acidic metabolites. The method was applied to a study of
      the effects of gamma-butyrolactone, haloperidol, haloperidol in combination with
      amfonelic acid, morphine, NSD 1015, and tyrosine methylester on the concentration
      of Tyr in the striatum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum of rat
      brain. The effect of tyrosine methylester on DA and its acidic metabolites was
      investigated in the striatum and frontal cortex. Morphine and NSD 1015 were found
      to increase Tyr levels. gamma-Butyrolactone, haloperidol, and haloperidol
      combined with amfonelic acid decreased the Tyr content in a manner related to
      their stimulatory effect on DA biosynthesis. These effects were restricted to DA
      rich brain areas. It was concluded that during conditions of increased DA
      biosynthesis, the Tyr pool still possesses a considerable reserve capacity. The
      results bring into question the concept that brain Tyr is an important additional
      factor controlling catechol synthesis during increased tyrosine hydroxylase
      activity.

PMID- 6827273
TI  - Effect of electroconvulsive shock on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and
      5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain slices.
AB  - The uptake and release of [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      were studied in cerebral cortex slices from rats 30 min and 24 h after a single
      electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and 24 h after a series of five shocks given over
      10 days. Both the Km and Vmax for 5-HT uptake were lower than controls 24 h after
      a single ECS, whereas after 5 ECS spread over 10 days both parameters remained
      depressed, though only the fall in Vmax was significant. Noradrenaline uptake was
      not altered after a single ECS, but the Vmax and Km were elevated following
      chronic ECS treatment. Neither ECS treatment schedule had any effect on the
      potassium-stimulated release of either transmitter. It is possible that the
      changes in monoamine uptake seen following ECS are an adaptive response to
      alterations in the synaptic cleft concentration of these transmitters.

PMID- 6827274
TI  - Cell surface sialoglycoproteins of cultured rat cerebellar interneurons.
AB  - The sialoglycoproteins of cultures of relatively pure rat cerebellar interneurons
      were labelled by NaIO4 oxidation/NaB 3H4 reduction. The labelled molecules were
      analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate
      followed by fluorography. Faint labelling could be detected in three components
      if cells were labelled without any oxidation. In young cultures, oxidation by
      galactose oxidase alone failed to reveal any additional bands. After oxidation by
      NaIO4 or galactose oxidase in the presence of neuraminidase, many more components
      were labelled. After NaIO4 oxidation, about 80% of the cell-associated
      radioactivity could be removed by treating the cells with neuraminidase, which
      left the cells more than 95% viable. The majority of the bands seen after
      neuraminidase treatment were substantially reduced when compared with untreated
      controls, supporting a surface localisation of these molecules. Reproducible
      developmental changes were seen in the profiles of bands labelled by NaIO4/NaB
      3H4 in time course studies of cultures up to 8 days in vitro. Some bands became
      more prominent, and others disappeared. The gel profiles of the neuron cultures
      were quite distinct from those of cerebellar astrocyte cultures, which contain
      all the cell types likely to be contaminants of the neuron cultures.

PMID- 6827275
TI  - Modifications of ganglioside patterns in human meningiomas.
AB  - Ganglioside content and distribution were determined in control meninges and in
      30 human meningiomas belonging to four different histological types. Irrespective
      of the histological classification all meningiomas showed a ganglioside content
      significantly higher than that of control meninges. The analysis of ganglioside
      distribution in each meningioma showed that in the majority of the cases the
      increase of ganglioside content was primarily the result of selective
      accumulation of ganglioside GM3; in the remaining cases ganglioside GM1 was
      present in a significantly higher amount than in the control dura mater and
      leptomeninges. A common feature of both types of meningiomas is a simplification
      of ganglioside pattern, with a shift from the polysialylated to the
      monosialylated forms. A tentative classification of meningiomas into "GM3-rich"
      and "GM1-rich" types, together with an explanation for the selective accumulation
      of these two types of ganglioside, is proposed.

PMID- 6827276
TI  - Species heterogeneity of pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase.
AB  - Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase was purified from bovine and chicken pineal
      glands to apparent homogeneity and their properties were compared. The purified
      enzymes from both pineal glands differed in electrophoretic mobility and
      isoelectric point. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed that
      hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase of both bovine and chicken pineals was a dimer
      consisting of a subunit of molecular weight 39,000. The two enzymes also differed
      in substrate specificity. Bovine hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase showed a high
      specificity toward N-acetylserotonin, whereas chicken enzyme methylated N
      acetylserotonin and, to some extent, serotonin and bufotenine. The methylation of
      the three substrates was probably catalyzed by the same enzyme of chicken pineal,
      because the ratio of substrate availability did not change throughout the
      purification steps. Using the purified enzymes, we prepared antibody to both
      bovine and chicken hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. The antibody to bovine
      enzyme cross-reacted with both avian and mammalian enzymes, whereas the antibody
      to chicken hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase reacted with avian enzymes, but far
      less with mammalian enzymes, indicating an immunochemical difference between
      avian and mammalian hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. The results suggest that
      the properties of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase have changed during the
      evolutionary development of the pineal glands.

PMID- 6827277
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism in conscious Fischer-344 rats of
      different ages.
AB  - The cerebral metabolic rates for O2 and for glucose were measured in conscious,
      fasted male Fischer-344 rats at the ages of 3, 12, and 24 months, and cerebral
      blood flow was determined with 14C-iodoantipyrine. The metabolic rates for oxygen
      and glucose were obtained by multiplying blood flow by the O2 and glucose
      concentration differences, respectively, between blood in the femoral artery and
      in the superior sagittal sinus. Mean cerebral blood flow and the metabolic rates
      for oxygen and glucose did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) between
      3 and 12 or between 12 and 24 months. Nor did the arteriovenous differences for
      O2 and for glucose change significantly with age. Because the superior sagittal
      sinus drains blood mainly from the cerebral cortex, the results indicate that
      average cerebral cortical oxidative metabolism, and the coupling ratios between
      the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and cerebral blood flow and between the
      cerebral metabolic rate for glucose and cerebral blood flow, do not change
      significantly with age in the Fischer-344 rat.

PMID- 6827278
TI  - Transport of histidine into synaptosomes of the rat central nervous system.
AB  - Histidine transport into synaptosomes was studied in order to characterize this
      aspect of histamine synthesis in neurons. Histidine transport was found to be
      independent of sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions and dependent upon potassium
      and chloride ions. Histidine transport was also found to be energy dependent, and
      fractionation studies suggested it was highly localized to nerve terminals.
      Kinetic analysis of histidine transport in several brain regions indicated the
      presence of two uptake sites, a high-affinity site with a Km of approximately 35
      microM and a low-affinity site with a Km in the millimolar range. Density of the
      high-affinity site, as reflected by Vmax, correlates well with density of
      proposed histaminergic innervation. Rate of histidine transport was not altered
      by prior depolarization of the synaptosomes, indicating that histidine transport
      probably does not play a regulatory role in histamine synthesis.

PMID- 6827279
TI  - Biosynthesis of polyamines in mouse brain: effects of methionine sulfoximine and
      adenosylhomocysteine.
AB  - This study examines the consequences on cerebral polyamine biosynthesis of
      increases and decreases in cerebral methylation. Increases were elicited by
      administering the convulsant agent methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and decreases by
      elevating in vivo the cerebral levels of the methylation inhibitor S
      adenosylhomocysteine. Following the intraventricular (i.vt.) administration of
      one of the two possible polyamine precursors, [1,4-14C]putrescine, the specific
      radioactivity (sra) of the newly formed [14C]spermidine remained unchanged.
      Conversely, after i.vt. L-[3,4-14C]methionine, the other polyamine precursor,
      significantly higher sra values for [14C]spermidine and [14C]spermine were
      recorded in the brains of the MSO-treated animals. [14C]S-adenosylmethionine in
      the brain of the MSO-treated animals was also more highly labeled following [1
      14C]-methionine, indicating its accelerated formation relative to controls. We
      also investigated the effect of the administration of adenosine + homocysteine, a
      treatment that results in elevated brain adenosylhomocysteine levels, on
      polyamine biosynthesis from [3,4-14C]-methionine. The results of these
      experiments show both significantly lower sra values for [14C]spermidine and
      [14C]spermine and significantly higher than control endogenous methionine levels,
      a clear sign of the existence of a retardation in the conversion of methionine to
      polyamines under these conditions. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates
      that while interference with cerebral methylation results in significant
      alterations of the rate of formation of the methionine moiety of spermidine and
      spermine, it has no effect on the entry of the putrescine moiety into the two
      polyamine molecules.

PMID- 6827280
TI  - GABA, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and GABA transaminase levels in the myenteric
      plexus in the intestine of humans and other mammals.
AB  - Regional distribution of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), its
      synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and metabolic enzyme,
      GABA transaminase (GABA-T), were determined in the intestinal tract of guinea
      pigs and cats and the findings compared with the number of ganglion cells in
      Auerbach's plexus. There were positive correlations among the GABA contents and
      the numbers of neural cells of the plexus. The precise localization of GABA and
      GAD in individual layers (mucosa, circular and longitudinal muscles, and
      Auerbach's plexus) in the human and cat colon was also determined. The endogenous
      GABA contents and GAD activity were the highest in Auerbach's plexus in tissues
      of both species. These results indicate that GABA is synthesized and localized in
      Auerbach's plexus and probably plays a significant role in the enteric nervous
      system.

PMID- 6827281
TI  - A stimulatory subunit in the polypeptide elongation factor-1 of the chick brain.

PMID- 6827282
TI  - Adenosine transport by primary cultures of neurons from chick embryo brain.
AB  - The transport of adenosine was studied in pure cultures of neurons from chick
      embryo brain. In order to avoid complications due to adenosine metabolism, the
      cells were depleted of ATP by treatment with cyanide and iodoacetate prior to
      incubation with [3H]adenosine. During the 5-25-s periods used for transport
      assays, no significant adenosine metabolism was detectable. ATP depletion reduced
      the initial rate of adenosine entry by less than 10%, but blocked over 90% of the
      radioactivity accumulated by untreated cells after 15 min. Elimination of sodium
      or chloride from the uptake medium had no effect on adenosine transport activity.
      The kinetics of adenosine entry into ATP depleted neurons obeyed the Michaelis
      Menten relationship and yielded a Km of 13 microM and Vmax of 0.15 nmol/min/mg
      protein. The neuronal transport system has apparent selectivity for adenosine,
      since thymidine, inosine, or guanosine gave significant inhibition only at levels
      10-100-fold higher than [3H]adenosine. Adenosine derivatives (N6-cyclohexyl-, N6
      benzyl-, N6-methyl-, and 2-chloroadenosine) were more effective inhibitors; p
      nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole were the most potent compounds found.
      These results describe a high-affinity, facilitated diffusion system for
      adenosine in cerebral neurons, which could participate in terminating regulatory
      actions of this compound in the nervous system.

PMID- 6827283
TI  - Reassessment of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia and its
      attenuation by barbiturate anesthesia.
AB  - We previously reported that whole-brain free fatty acids (FFA) rose almost
      linearly for up to 1 h after decapitation of unanesthetized rats and was
      significantly attenuated by pentobarbital anesthesia. However, our values for
      total FFA and arachidonic, stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids were severalfold
      higher than those obtained by previous investigators. Based upon the suggestion
      that this may be due to FFAs released from di- and triglycerides in the
      quantitation of FFAs, we have now analyzed and improved our procedures for TLC
      separation of FFA and reassessed the accumulation of FFA in whole brain during
      decapitation ischemia in unanesthetized and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. FFA
      levels in whole brain after 0.5 min of ischemia were one-half to one-fourth the
      levels previously reported after 1 min of ischemia. The rise in FFA between 0.5
      and 60 min of ischemia was 9-fold for total FFA, and between 7 and 12-fold for
      each of the FFAs quantitated. Pentobarbital significantly attenuated the rise of
      all FFAs with, however, greater effects on oleic and palmitic acids than
      previously reported.

PMID- 6827285
TI  - Tetanus toxin inhibition of K+-stimulated [3H]GABA release from developing cell
      cultures of the rat cerebellum.
AB  - The effect of tetanus toxin pretreatment on K+-stimulated [3H]gamma-aminobutyric
      acid release from neuron-enriched cerebellar cell cultures at various stages
      during their development in vitro was assessed. Tetanus toxin had little
      inhibitory effect on immature (1-3-day-old) cultures, but markedly reduced K+
      evoked [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid release from 7- and 14-day-old cultures
      (approximately 80% inhibition). It is suggested that cerebellar neurons in
      culture develop tetanus toxin-sensitive transmitter release mechanisms similar to
      their in vivo counterparts.

PMID- 6827284
TI  - Hypoprolactinemic action of calcitonin and the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic
      system.
AB  - The effects of calcitonin on neurochemical parameters related to the
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system have been investigated in an attempt to
      elucidate how calcitonin decreases serum prolactin levels.
      Intracerebroventricular human or salmon calcitonin injection decreases serum
      prolactin, medial basal hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) and hypophysial DA and increases hypophysial DOPAC. Results suggest that
      calcitonin may decrease prolactin secretion via the tuberoinfundibular
      dopaminergic system.

PMID- 6827286
TI  - Differences between d-fenfluramine and d-norfenfluramine in serotonin presynaptic
      mechanisms.
AB  - The abilities of d-fenfluramine (d-F) and that of d-norfenfluramine (d-NF) to
      inhibit [3H]serotonin ([3H]5-HT) accumulation in normal and reserpinized
      synaptosomes were compared to establish to what extent the serotonin-releasing
      activity of the two drugs might contribute to reduced accumulation of [3H]5-HT.
      The results indicate that the inhibitory action of (d-NF) on [3H]5-HT
      accumulation is due principally to its ability to release [3H]5-HT. In contrast,
      the interference of release in accumulation studies does not seem to play an
      important role for d-F, suggesting that release from the granular pool and true
      uptake inhibition are two different mechanisms by which d-F affects serotonin
      neurons in vitro.

PMID- 6827287
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. VI. Examination of nerve
      fibers undergoing giant axonal degeneration in organotypic culture.
AB  - Organotypic tissue cultures, composed of structurally and functionally coupled
      explants of mouse spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and striated muscle, have
      been used to create a model of the distal (dying-back) axonopathy found in
      animals and humans with aliphatic hexacarbon neuropathy. Mature explants were
      treated with 50-650 micrograms/ml of the following hexacarbons dissolved in
      nutrient fluid: n-hexane, 2-hexanol, 2,5-hexanediol, methyl n-butyl ketone, 5
      hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanedione (all neurotoxic), or 2,4-hexanedione (a non
      neurotoxic diketone). High concentrations (400-650 micrograms/ml) induced
      pancytotoxic damage and necrosis of tissue within days, while the lower doses (50
      100 micrograms/ml) induced no pathological changes over a period of several
      weeks. Continuous exposure of explants to 245-325 micrograms/ml (2.8 mM) of the
      neurotoxic hexacarbons caused specific pathological changes to develop in distal
      nerve fibers after three to six weeks. Initial changes seen in distal,
      nonterminal regions of myelinated fibers included: nodal elongation, axonal
      swellings on proximal-side paranodes, and paranodal myelin retraction. Prolonged
      treatment was associated with Wallerian-like degeneration of distal nerve fibers.
      Denuded paranodal swellings in more proximal regions of affected myelinated
      fibers adopted a more-normal size and underwent remyelination; this occurred
      during and after the course of treatment. Remyelination by lateral extension from
      adjacent Schwann cells was documented in living and fixed tissue. The
      observations confirm the spatial-temporal evolution of hexacarbon distal
      axonopathy previously suggested from comparable studies in vivo.

PMID- 6827288
TI  - Altered sensory ganglia in acrylamide neuropathy. Quantitative evidence of
      neuronal reorganization.
AB  - To learn more about the nerve cell body in neurotoxin-induced degeneration of
      axons, Sprague-Dawley rats were intoxicated with 50 mg/kg/day of the prototype
      neurotoxin acrylamide monomer. The lumbar dorsal root ganglia were studied in
      those rats with progressive disease (controls were not intoxicated). Qualitative
      changes in cytological organization included nuclear eccentricity, reduction in
      the size of Nissl bodies or displacement to a peripheral mantle, and marked
      enlargement of mitochondria. Quantitatively, there were statistically significant
      increases in these alterations, occurring early during disease and progressing
      over time. A stereological analysis showed a significant increase in the volume
      density of mitochondria, a significant decrease in Nissl bodies, but no change in
      the Golgi apparatus. The data suggest that cell body alterations may represent a
      progressive, orderly reorganization, supporting the concept that the cell body
      functions in determining the fate of intoxicated neurons.

PMID- 6827289
TI  - Regressive or lethal lead encephalopathy in the suckling rat. Correlation of lead
      levels and morphological findings.
AB  - Lead encephalopathy was produced in immature Sprague-Dawley rats with an
      intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 micrograms/g body weight of lead acetate
      administered daily from the fifth day after birth. Macroscopic and light
      microscopic study of the nervous system, estimations of the blood-brain barrier
      permeability to proteins and brain water content were performed every two days
      thereafter. Lead levels in total blood, plasma, and several brain areas were
      measured at the same intervals by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.
      Electron microscopic study of the cerebellum was done 2, 6, and 12 days after
      beginning lead administration. After two days of lead administration and before
      any pathological change occurred the increase in lead level was greater in the
      cerebellum than in other brain areas. After four to six days, hemorrhagic lead
      encephalopathy developed and was most prominent in regions with higher lead
      levels. From day 11 to 14, there were two possible courses: a) improvement of the
      clinical status and morphological findings in 25% of the animals, or b)
      progression of abnormal clinical signs and death. Cerebral edema, both intra- and
      extracellular, may have contributed to the fatal evolution. The mechanism of this
      edema appeared complex and may have involved resorption failure. Good
      correlations were observed among progression of the clinical signs, high water
      content in the brain, morphological evidence of cerebral edema, and a high
      cerebellar lead level. In contrast, high blood lead levels could be associated
      with clinical improvement, normal brain water content, and regression of the
      pathological findings. These data suggest that differences in evolution are more
      likely related to differences in the development of resistance of the cerebral
      capillary to lead, or in the efflux of lead, rather than to the blood lead
      concentrations.

PMID- 6827290
TI  - Paraphenylenediamine: a new method for tracing human visual pathways.
AB  - Morphologic investigations of the human visual pathways have been limited by the
      infeasibility of modern neuroanatomical approaches. Although contemporary methods
      for tracing axon pathways (such as tracer injections and electrophysiology) have
      elucidated the visual system in experimental animals, these techniques cannot be
      similarly applied in humans. Thus, the present view of the neuroanatomy of the
      human visual system is based largely on experimental animal studies, classical
      simple observations of gross human brains, and clinical inference. We demonstrate
      use of the stain, paraphenylenediamine (PPD), in conjunction with standard
      methods of tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Osmium
      precipitates on degenerating neural processes, resulting in a dark profile when
      examined by electron microscopy. PPD chelates the osmium in osmium tetroxide
      fixed tissue, and thus becomes a light-opaque marker of degenerating processes.
      This technique allows the identification and tracing of degenerating or
      degenerated axons. Postmortem studies of six patients, four with documented optic
      nerve lesions, are presented. The degenerated retinal ganglion nerve fibers are
      followed with PPD and confirmed with electron microscopy. Previously proposed,
      primary visual projections are confirmed and new retinofugal pathways are
      demonstrated in the human brain.

PMID- 6827291
TI  - Vestibuloocular reflex and its interactions with visual following mechanisms in
      the squirrel monkey. I. Response characteristics in normal animals.

PMID- 6827292
TI  - Vestibuloocular reflex and its interactions with visual following mechanisms in
      the squirrel monkey. II. Response characteristics and plasticity following
      unilateral inactivation of horizontal canal.

PMID- 6827293
TI  - Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of human finger
      muscle.

PMID- 6827294
TI  - Neuronal responses to optokinetic stimuli in pontine nuclei of behaving monkey.

PMID- 6827295
TI  - Neuronal responses of rat pyriform cortex to odor stimulation: an extracellular
      and intracellular study.

PMID- 6827296
TI  - Effect of a limited target area on regeneration of specific neuromuscular
      connections in the crayfish.

PMID- 6827297
TI  - An electrophysiological comparison of convergent and divergent strabismus in the
      cat: visual evoked potentials.

PMID- 6827298
TI  - An electrophysiological comparison of convergent and divergent strabismus in the
      cat: electrical and visual activation of single cortical cells.

PMID- 6827299
TI  - Loss of temporal sensitivity in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and area 18 of
      the cat following monocular deprivation.

PMID- 6827300
TI  - Fatigue resistance of human extraocular muscles.

PMID- 6827301
TI  - Modification of responses from specific sensory systems in midbrain by cerebellar
      stimulation: experiments on a teleost fish.

PMID- 6827302
TI  - Activation of groups III and IV sensory units in medial articular nerve by local
      mechanical stimulation of knee joint.

PMID- 6827303
TI  - Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced
      perturbations in eye position.

PMID- 6827304
TI  - Spatial localization of saccade targets. II. Activity of superior colliculus
      neurons preceding compensatory saccades.

PMID- 6827305
TI  - Organization of parallel projections from Pacinian afferent fibers to
      somatosensory cortical areas I and II in the cat.

PMID- 6827306
TI  - Exclusive potassium dependence of the membrane potential in cultured mouse
      oligodendrocytes.
AB  - Membrane potential, conductance, and intracellular potassium concentration were
      measured in oligodendrocytes in 3- to 10-week-old cultures of embryonic mouse
      spinal cord. After intracellular recording the cells were first injected with
      Lucifer Yellow and then stained by immunofluorescence using rhodamine-labeled
      monoclonal antibody 01 specific for oligodendrocyte cell surfaces. The membrane
      potential of these identified oligodendrocytes was in mV -66 +/- 4.3 SD; it could
      be reversibly reduced almost to zero by the addition of ouabain. Changes in
      external K+ but not Na+, Ca++, or Cl- changed the membrane potential. A 10-fold
      increase in extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]0) depolarized the cell by
      about 52 mV. This is less than the 61 mV predicted by the Nernst equation for a
      K+ electrode assuming a constant intracellular potassium concentration ([K+]i).
      However, when [K+]i was measured with an ion-selective electrode during the
      increase in [K+]0 it was found to rise. The Nernst equation for K+ accurately
      predicts the oligodendrocyte membrane potential when the increase in [K+]i is
      taken into account. Oligodendrocytes may be described as accurate K+ electrodes
      with a variable reference solution.

PMID- 6827307
TI  - Song structure without auditory feedback: emendations of the auditory template
      hypothesis.
AB  - Motor patterns of songs of swamp and song sparrows, Melospiza georgiana and M.
      melodia, deafened early in life display a significant degree of species-specific
      structure. Normal songs of the two species differ in the degree to which they are
      segmented. Swamp sparrow song consists of a single segment, and song sparrow
      songs are multisegmental. Song and swamp sparrows were deafened at 17 to 23 days,
      prior to the onset of song or subsong. The song sparrows developed more segments
      in their singing than the swamp sparrows. Species-specific trends were also
      evident in song durations and frequency characteristics. Abnormalities were
      found, however, in the morphology of the notes and syllables from which songs of
      early deafened sparrows are constructed. These results require emendation of the
      auditory template hypothesis of song learning in birds.

PMID- 6827308
TI  - The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light-sensitive
      neurons of the posterior parietal cortex.
AB  - The responses of parietal visual neurons are markedly increased during attentive
      fixation, as compared to those evoked in relaxed wakefulness, an effect specific
      for directed attention and unrelated to putative differences in the general level
      of arousal. Those responses are also strongly influenced by the angle of gaze, an
      effect observed only during directed visual attention. The change in response is
      smoothly graded along a meridian for about one-half the neuron population; the
      average spatial gradient from maximum to minimum is 78% response for a 20 degrees
      shift in eye position. No lateral preference was observed. For the remaining
      half, responses were either maximal or minimal for fixations dead ahead, and
      changes occurred with deviations in any direction. Angle of gaze effects were
      observed for neurons with foveal as well as eccentrically located receptive
      fields, all of which were organized in retinotopic not spatial coordinates.
      Control experiments showed that the effect was not produced by changes in visual
      background with changes in the angle of gaze, nor to changes in fixation
      distance, nor to variations in the intensity of stimuli viewed from different
      angles. The effect depends upon the position of the eye in the orbit, but is
      unlikely due to a direct central action of changes in nonretinal orbital afferent
      activity at different angles of gaze, for the effect was rarely observed with
      changes in the angle of gaze during relaxed wakefulness without directed visual
      attention. The evidence supports the interpretation that the effect is produced
      by a central influence of the systems controlling directed visual attention and
      the angle of gaze upon those linking the retinae to the parietal lobe.

PMID- 6827309
TI  - Principles of motor organization of the monkey cervical spinal cord.
AB  - The organization of spinal cord motor columns innervating 18 selected macaque
      forelimb muscles was studied with the technique of retrograde transport of
      horseradish peroxidase. The reliability of the method was evaluated in the cat
      hindlimb. Motor columns innervating forearm muscles with similar actions on the
      hand appear to overlap in the anterior horn. Extensor motoneurons are generally
      positioned ventral and/or lateral to flexor motoneurons. Motoneurons controlling
      hand movement are located primarily in segments C8 and T1.

PMID- 6827310
TI  - Myasthenic patients' IgG causes redistribution of acetylcholine receptors: freeze
      fracture studies.
AB  - Immunoglobulin from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) accelerates the
      degradation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of skeletal muscle by a mechanism
      dependent on receptor cross-linking. However, the intermediate steps between
      cross-linking and endocytosis and degradation are not known. We have used freeze
      fracture electron microscopy to study the effects of myasthenic immunoglobulin on
      the distribution of AChRs in the surface membranes of cultured rat skeletal
      muscle. Large, angular intramembrane particles were identified as AChRs. These
      particles were present in three configurations: distributed individually; in "hot
      spots"; and in clusters of two to 60 particles. Large depressions (greater than
      100 nm in diameter) were thought to be endocytotic pits; they occurred
      preferentially in hot spots, and approximately half of the depressions were
      closely associated with clusters of AChRs. In control myotubes, hot spots
      contained a high density of AChR particles that were evenly, rather than
      randomly, distributed. Exposure to myasthenic patients' IgG induced clustering of
      the particles within such hot spots. In non-hot spot regions, control myotubes
      had mainly individually distributed AChRs, while clusters were seen only rarely.
      The addition of myasthenic IgG caused a rapid increase, followed by a gradual
      decrease, in the incidence of individual clusters as well as an increase in
      cluster size. This redistribution of particles was dependent on cross-linking by
      the myasthenic anti-AChR antibodies. Monovalent Fab fragments of myasthenic IgG
      had no effect on the distribution of AChR particles. However, addition of a
      second "piggyback" antibody to cross-link Fab-AChR complexes caused a
      redistribution of AChR particles like that due to the original myasthenic IgG.
      These findings indicate that cross-linking of AChRs by divalent antibody causes
      clustering of AChR particles, which may play an important role in their
      accelerated endocytosis and degradation.

PMID- 6827311
TI  - The peptidergic organization of the cat periaqueductal gray. I. The distribution
      of immunoreactive enkephalin-containing neurons and terminals.
AB  - Despite the significant contribution of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to an
      endogenous pain suppression system, little is known about its neurochemical
      organization. Previous pharmacological and physiological studies have indicated
      regional variations in the effectiveness with which the midbrain PAG can generate
      potent analgesia in response to either opiate microinjection or electrical
      stimulation. There is, however, no anatomical correlate of this regional
      variation. As a first step toward elucidating the neural circuitry underlying the
      PAG's contribution to endogenous pain suppression systems, we have mapped the
      distribution of leucine enkephalin (ENK)-like immunoreactivity in the cat PAG.
      Throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the PAG, ENK-containing neurons are
      clustered in discrete populations. ENK terminal field staining is somewhat more
      diffuse; however, there are several regions where terminal staining is
      consistently more intense. The distribution of ENK perikarya and terminals
      undergoes a ventral to dorsal shift from caudal to rostral PAG. Conceivably, the
      clustered distribution of ENK cells and terminals contributes to the differential
      effectiveness of various PAG regions in generating analgesia. The ventral-dorsal
      shift of ENK immunoreactivity may (1) correspond to a somatotopic organization
      within the PAG or (2) mirror the topographic relationship of the PAG's
      interactions with other components of the endogenous analgesia system. In
      addition, the changing pattern of ENK immunoreactivity may also reflect the
      involvement of the PAG and of endogenous opiates in systems other than those of
      pain control.

PMID- 6827312
TI  - Developmental factors affecting regeneration in the central nervous system: early
      but not late formed mitral cells reinnervate olfactory cortex after neonatal
      tract section.
AB  - If the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) of the golden hamster is transected in the
      first week of postnatal life, axons will grow back through the cut and
      reinnervate the terminal regions. Functional recovery occurs only when the
      terminal regions are reinnervated. The experiments reported here tested the
      hypothesis that reinnervation is due to neogenesis: the continued growth of newly
      formed axons which were not severed by the lesion. In the first experiment the
      birth dates of the mitral and tufted cells were determined in the hamster. It was
      found that mitral cells are formed on gestational days 11 and 12 (E11 and E12)
      and tufted cells on E11 to E14. Experiment 2 involved the combination of
      [3H]thymidine labeling, for the time of cell formation, with the retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), at a time when the LOT projections are
      not yet complete. The axons of early formed cells were found to reach the
      olfactory cortex before those of later formed cells. Experiment 3 examined the
      possibility that the axons which grow through an early LOT transection are new
      axons that had not yet reached the level of the cut. Animals were given
      [3H]thymidine to label the times of formation of mitral and tufted cells and then
      were given a transection of the LOT on postnatal day 3 (P3). After a recovery
      period sufficient to allow axonal regrowth and reinnervation, HRP was placed in
      the olfactory projection region caudal to the prior LOT section. The original
      hypothesis was not supported. Cells that are formed early and send out their
      axons early are able to reinnervate the olfactory cortex, whereas late formed
      cells do not. The results of this experiment suggest that the factors which
      prevent the regrowth of axons when the LOT is cut after P7 may depend on the
      stage of development of the tissue into which the axons are growing, rather than
      in the cells of origin and their axons.

PMID- 6827314
TI  - Fine structural distribution of acetylcholine receptors at developing mouse
      neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - The distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in neuromuscular junctions of
      embryonic and newborn mice (strain 129/ReJ) was examined on the fine structural
      level using [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin labeling and quantitative electron
      microscope autoradiography. Changes in junctional receptor site density were
      related to changes in the structure of the postjunctional membrane, in particular
      the differentiation of morphologically distinct regions of thickened membrane and
      the formation of junctional folds. The following sequence of development is
      described: (1) At the earliest age examined, embryonic day 16 of gestation (i.e.,
      at approximately the time when junctional receptor accumulations are first
      detected), subneural receptor aggregates have poorly defined boundaries and seem
      to extend beyond the region of direct axonal or Schwann cell contact. At that
      time the subneural AChR site density is somewhat variable but averages
      approximately 2000 to 3000 sites/micron 2, and the subneural muscle membrane
      shows discontinuous membrane specialization (membrane thickening plus a
      cytoplasmic amorphous layer). There seems to be no preferential labeling of
      contact regions rich in such specialization compared with those where membrane
      thickening was less obvious or absent. (2) By birth, junctional AChRs are
      strongly correlated with morphologically specialized membrane, at a constant
      density of approximately 9000/micron 2 (comparable to that in adult animals of
      this strain of mouse). During the first postnatal week, a large fraction of the
      primary cleft is covered by Schwann cell rather than axon terminal. Receptor-rich
      dense membrane and incipient junctional folds are found under axon terminals and,
      to a lesser extent, under Schwann cell extensions, but they are not seen beyond
      the edge of the "junctional complex." Coated vesicles are a prominent feature of
      the subjunctional sarcoplasm in neonatal junctions, and their number declines
      sharply during the first week. (3) Junctional folds differentiate mainly after
      the first postnatal week. Development of folds is associated with a 1.5- to 1.8
      fold increase in length of specialized thickened membrane and a parallel increase
      in number of receptor sites per endplate. Since this is also a period of rapid
      overall endplate growth (Steinbach, J.H. (1981) Dev. Biol. 84: 267-276) the total
      number of endplate receptors increases greater than 30-fold during the maturation
      period following the first week while the concentration of receptors/micron 2 of
      thickened membrane remains constant.

PMID- 6827315
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy treated by transsphenoidal surgery. A clinicopathological and
      immunocytochemical study.

PMID- 6827313
TI  - Electron microscopic radioautographic localization of iodinated nerve growth
      factor bound to and internalized by PC12 cells.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) has many effects on sympathetic and sensory neurons,
      but the mechanisms by which NGF exerts its actions are unknown. We have
      determined the localization of bound and internalized 125I-NGF by light and
      electron microscopic radioautography on a cell line derived from a rat
      pheochromocytoma (PC12). In response to NGF, PC12 cells cease mitosis and develop
      neuron-like processes. We have localized 125I-NGF (5 ng/ml) in cells without
      previous exposure to NGF (naive) after a continuous incubation with 125I-NGF for
      2 min, 1 hr, 6 hr, 1 day and 1 week, as well as in cells that were grown with NGF
      (50 ng/ml) for 1 week (primed) and then exposed to 125I-NGF for 15 min, 1 hr, 6
      hr, and 1 day. Examination of whole mount radioautographs revealed that all cells
      were labeled and that the distribution of grains was homogeneous. Primed cells
      were labeled on neurites and growth cones, as well as on cell bodies, and also
      had a greater density of labeling than naive cells. These patterns were identical
      for all time points studied, with the exception that "hot spots" of radioactivity
      appeared along neurites following a long incubation with 126I-NGF (longer than 6
      hr). Electron microscopic radioautography revealed that these "hot spots"
      correspond to accumulation of grains in aggregates of lysosomes. The binding of
      125I-NGF was specific, since control cultures (excess nonradioactive NGF)
      exhibited only background levels of grains. Quantification of electron
      microscopic radioautographs revealed that 70 to 95% of the grains were
      internalized after 15 min. The only cellular components labeled above random
      distribution levels were the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and the nuclear
      membrane. Each of these structures exhibited "down-regulation" of specific
      binding in naive cells after 6 hr of incubation. The cytosol, polyribosomes,
      dense cored granules, heterochromatin, and euchromatin showed labeling at or
      below the levels expected from random distribution of grains within the cell. The
      distribution of grains about the nuclear membrane also suggested an association
      with 125I-NGF. These data indicate that a large proportion of NGF "bound" to
      target cells is in fact internalized, and are consistent with some, but not other
      models for NGF's mechanism of action.

PMID- 6827317
TI  - Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural
      history.
AB  - The case records of 191 patients with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
      were reviewed to determine bleeding characteristics of these lesions. Possible
      influences of age, sex, the location and size of the AVM, type of initial
      hemorrhage, and condition of the patients were analyzed. Of these 191 patients,
      102 had a single hemorrhage, 32 had a recurrent hemorrhage, and 57 never bled.
      The follow-up period for patients with an unruptured AVM was a mean of 4.8 years
      and a maximum of 31 years; for those with a ruptured AVM, the mean was 2 years,
      and the maximum 37 years. Size of the AVM was significantly related to the risk
      of first hemorrhage. The average yearly risk for first hemorrhage was between 2%
      and 3%. Bleeding occurred most frequently in the 11- to 35-year-old age group.
      The risk of rebleeding increased with advancing age. Among 93 patients followed
      after their AVM had ruptured, the risk of rebleeding was 6% in 1 year. After the
      first year, the average rebleeding rate was about 2% per year up to 20 years.

PMID- 6827316
TI  - Agreement between physicians on assessment of outcome following severe head
      injury.
AB  - This study describes inter-observer agreement between physicians and consistency
      of one observer on repeated scoring in the assessment of outcome 6 to 12 months
      after severe head injury. Observer agreement is expressed by Kappa, taking chance
      agreement into account. The study was conducted in "live" and "non-live"
      situations, using five- and eight-category outcome scales. Kappa values were
      considerably higher when the five-category scale was used. However, even with the
      five-category scale, disagreement was considerable, and the results indicate that
      accurate predictions of the quality of survival will be difficult to attain.
      Observer agreement should be taken into account in prognosis studies, and when
      different therapeutic regimens are evaluated on the basis of outcome.

PMID- 6827318
TI  - The blood-brain barrier following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Part 1:
      Response to insult caused by arterial hypertension.
AB  - In three groups of cats, the authors studied the effect of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the
      penetration of Evans blue-protein complex. One group received arterial
      hypertension alone, one group SAH alone, and one group SAH followed by arterial
      hypertension. Animals subjected to arterial hypertension alone showed areas of
      BBB breakdown. However, when cats were rendered hypertensive after SAH, there
      were no demonstrable BBB lesions. The SAH was produced by intracisternal
      injection of whole blood and hypertension by the intravenous injection of
      metaraminol. The preservation of the BBB after SAH is discussed. Vasospasm is
      considered as a possible hemodynamic variable responsible for the protection of
      the BBB from hypertensive damage. The need for a new model is proposed to further
      investigate the state of the BBB after SAH.

PMID- 6827319
TI  - In vivo characterization of vasocontractile activities in erythrocytes.
AB  - Partially purified protein from washed and artificially hemolyzed erythrocytes,
      known to cause significant contractions of isolated canine cerebral vessels in
      vitro, was injected into the cisterna magna of intact anesthetized dogs. Cerebral
      blood flow, measured by the xenon-133 washout technique, decreased from a control
      value of 49.5 +/- 1.17 ml/100 gm/min to an experimental value of 34.1 +/- 1.65
      ml/100 gm/min at 2 hours. Cerebral vascular resistance rose from a control value
      of 2.05 +/- 0.17 PRU (peripheral resistance units) to an experimental value of
      2.91 +/- 0.25 PRU at 2 hours. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate,
      intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure remained stable. Cardiac
      output also fell significantly (in 2-hour control animals it was 2.89 +/- 0.37
      liter/min, and in 2-hour experimental animals 1.43 +/- 0.13 liter/min) and
      peripheral vascular resistance rose. These changes were evident by 10 minutes
      after the cisternal injection of the hemolysate protein, and remained for the
      duration of the 2-hour monitoring period. Serial vertebrobasilar angiograms
      demonstrated marked narrowing of the intracranial basilar artery when compared to
      control values. The narrowing persisted for several days in most animals, and
      tended to increase with time. Relaxation occurred by the 10th through the 14th
      day. The authors conclude that this experimental preparation may be a useful
      model for both in vitro and in vivo investigation of chronic cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 6827320
TI  - Regional cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the posterior communicating artery and
      the middle cerebral artery in gerbils.
AB  - The authors have created an experimental model of regional cerebral ischemia in
      gerbils that is reproducible and has a low mortality rate. In gerbils, either the
      posterior communicating artery (PCoA) or the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was
      occluded, and the distribution of cerebral ischemia from each surgical procedure
      was compared with that produced by occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA).
      In contrast to the widespread cortical and subcortical infarctions seen after
      occlusion of the CCA, occlusion of the PCoA caused infarction that was restricted
      to the hippocampus, the piriform cortex, and the posterior part of the thalamus,
      and occlusion of the MCA resulted in infarction that was restricted to the
      central part of the cerebral hemisphere and the caudate nucleus and putamen.
      Intracranial occlusion of the PCoA or MCA in the gerbil resulted in lesions that
      were reproducible with low mortality rates over a long-term period. Occlusion of
      the PCoA, MCA, or CCA also produces a model that is suitable for investigation of
      the postischemic period. A combination of these three experimental models is
      useful for investigation of regional vulnerability and for the study of regional
      metabolic differences in cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 6827322
TI  - Psychosocial and cognitive function after commissurotomy for intractable
      seizures.
AB  - Cerebral commissurotomy appears to be an effective treatment for persons with
      severe epilepsy that has not responded to pharmacological treatment. Psychosocial
      and neuropsychological evaluation of eight patients who have received this
      surgical treatment suggests that patients who have an uncomplicated operative and
      postoperative course do not experience functionally significant intellectual,
      emotional, or social impairment. Limiting the operation to extraventricular
      division of the corpus callosum may significantly reduce postoperative morbidity.
      The authors suggest ethical guidelines which they believe should be carefully
      followed when epileptic patients are being considered for this type of surgery.

PMID- 6827321
TI  - Improved treatment of a brain-tumor model. Part 2: Sequential therapy with BCNU
      and 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - A combination chemotherapy regimen for brain tumors was developed, based on
      investigations of the survival of animals harboring the intracerebral 9L rat
      brain-tumor model and on analyses of their clonogenic tumor cells. Fischer 344
      rats harboring 9L brain tumors were treated with 2-day courses of 5-fluorouracil
      (5-FU), in order to expose all cycling tumor cells to the drug during DNA
      synthesis and achieve maximum anti-tumor activity for this cell-cycle-specific
      anti-metabolite. Although a 74% cell kill was obtained for a total dose of 45
      mg/kg or greater, animal life span was not increased over that of untreated tumor
      bearing controls. However, when 5-FU (48 to 96 mg/kg total dose over 2 days) was
      administered after a single LD10 dose of BCNU (13.3 mg/kg), additive cell kill
      was suggested. In three large series, long-term animal survivors and occasional
      tumor cures were observed with this drug combination, a result never observed
      following BCNU alone. Schedule dependency was not apparent. A previously
      published protocol for treating recurrent malignant gliomas with sequential
      courses of BCNU and 5-FU was partially planned based upon these initial
      observations. Anti-tumor activity with the combination of drugs was superior to
      therapy with BCNU alone. Both animal and human studies confirm that, contrary to
      presently accepted oncological tenets, a chemotherapeutic agent that kills
      significant numbers of tumor cells but is clinically ineffective when given alone
      might, nevertheless, be useful in combination therapy regimens.

PMID- 6827324
TI  - Quantitative analysis of lesion parameters in radiofrequency trigeminal
      rhizotomy.
AB  - A series of 144 lesions made during 32 radiofrequency rhizotomies was reviewed.
      The parameters of each lesion were compared with the sensory change resulting
      from the lesion. One-half of the lesions resulted in no sensory change, but 16.7%
      produced numbness in a division not predicted by stimulation. This was a barely
      detectable sensory change in 6% of lesions and more dense in 10%. The first
      lesion in a series was particularly likely to result in sensory deficit, and
      accounted for half of the more dense lesions not predicted by stimulation. When
      the threshold at which stimulation was perceived was 0.2 volts or less, a lesion
      was likely to produce numbness, and when it was 0.5 volts or greater, marked
      sensory loss did not occur. There was no apparent relationship between the
      likelihood of sensory change and lesion temperature or duration. Analysis of
      lesion temperature was made more difficult by the use of low temperatures when
      numbness should be easy to obtain. With careful technique, radiofrequency
      rhizotomy can be performed with acceptable risk of unpredicted sensory loss.
      Particular care should be taken during the first lesion in each procedure and
      when stimulation thresholds are 0.2 volts or less.

PMID- 6827323
TI  - Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. A clinical and anatomical
      analysis.
AB  - The clinical and anatomical features of 21 surgically treated saccular aneurysms
      of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are analyzed. Seventeen of
      these lesions originated from the PICA-vertebral junction, and four arose from
      distal PICA branching sites. Twelve lesions arose from the left PICA, nine were
      right-sided, and all were small (less than 12.5 mm). Most of these aneurysms
      occurred in females (16 of 21) and presented as classic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      The lack of specific focal deficits prevented an accurate pre-angiographic
      determination of aneurysm location in most instances. Clinically significant
      vasospasm and aneurysm multiplicity occurred with approximately equal frequency
      as at other locations. The angiographic and surgical features of these lesions
      are determined by the course of the vertebral artery and PICA; that is, they
      occur at branching sites and at curves in the parent vessel, and point in the
      direction in which flow would have continued if the curve at the aneurysm's
      origin had not been present. Aneurysms at the PICA-vertebral junction usualthese
      lesions are determined by the course of the vertebral artery and PICA; that is,
      they occur at branching sites and at curves in the parent vessel, and point in
      the direction in which flow would have continued if the curve at the aneurysm's
      origin had not been present. Aneurysms at the PICA-vertebral junction usualthese
      lesions are determined by the course of the vertebral artery and PICA; that is,
      they occur at branching sites and at curves in the parent vessel, and point in
      the direction in which flow would have continued if the curve at the aneurysm's
      origin had not been present. Aneurysms at the PICA-vertebral junction usually
      occur at least 1 cm above the foramen magnum level, arise distal to the PICA
      origin in the angle between the two vessels, and are best approached by a
      paramedian incision with the patient in the lateral recumbent position. Isolated
      clipping of the aneurysm neck is essential in this instance, as trapping may
      compromise vital perforating arteries of the brain stem. More distal
      (retromedullary) PICA aneurysms are sometimes associated with another vascular
      anomaly (two cases in this series), and are best handled through a bilateral
      suboccipital craniectomy. Clipping of the neck is the preferred treatment, but
      trapping is usually safe, if necessary.

PMID- 6827325
TI  - Subdural empyema and epidural abscess in children.
AB  - From January 1, 1954, through December 31, 1981, 31 children were treated at The
      Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, for subdural empyema (22 cases),
      epidural abscess (6 cases), and infected nidi at both subdural and epidural sites
      (3 cases). All but four of the children with subdural empyema were from 6 months
      to 2 years of age or from 12 years to 16 years of age; all children with epidural
      abscess fitted into the older age group. The subdural empyemas developed from
      varied sources, but the paranasal sinuses, the ears, and the mastoids processes
      were predominantly affected. Five subdural empyemas developed following
      craniotomy or shunt procedures. The epidural abscesses developed mostly from
      infections in the paranasal sinuses and the middle ears. Two of the combined
      infections developed from the paranasal sinuses; the third followed craniotomy.
      The infecting bacteria varied, but were usually Streptococci and were common to
      both the subdural and epidural sites. The subdural empyemas presented as focal
      seizures in the older group, and that group of patients was more seriously ill
      and had greater focal deficit; the mortality rate was 13%. Epidural abscesses
      only rarely presented with focal deficit, and diagnosis was delayed in most
      instances; no deaths occurred in this group. Two cases are reported in detail to
      illustrate the principles and pitfalls of surgical management of these
      intracranial infections in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 6827326
TI  - Subdural hematoma associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in
      patients with advanced cancer.

PMID- 6827327
TI  - Developmental defects of the tentorium cerebelli.

PMID- 6827328
TI  - Effect of triiodo-L-thyronine on axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord after
      acute compression injury.
AB  - Studies were performed on the effect of triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) on clinical
      recovery and axonal counts in the pyramidal tract of 56 rats subjected to an
      acute spinal cord compression injury at T-7. The T3 was given at a daily dose of
      5 micrograms/kg for 4 weeks to 28 rats in the treatment group. The treatment and
      control animals were tested weekly for clinical recovery, and cord function as
      determined by the inclined-plane technique. Groups of animals were killed at 4
      weeks and 12 weeks, and the axons in the pyramidal tract cephalad and caudad to
      the injury site were counted in sections prepared with Holmes' silver stain.
      There was no difference in clinical recovery between the treatment and control
      groups. This negative result contrasts with other studies which showed improved
      recovery of cord-injured animals treated with thyroid hormones. The possible
      explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. Similarly, there was no
      difference in the axon counts between the treated and control groups. Thus, T3
      did not improve recovery or axonal regeneration in the pyramidal tract of rats
      after acute spinal cord compression injury. Between 4 and 12 weeks, there was a
      marked reduction in the cephalad axon counts in the pyramidal tract in both
      groups, indicating that approximately 50% of the axons in the pyramidal tract had
      undergone retrograde degeneration or dying back by 12 weeks after this degree of
      injury. The T3 did not affect the degree of retrograde degeneration.

PMID- 6827331
TI  - Treatment of a high extracranial carotid artery aneurysm with CCA-MCA bypass and
      carotid ligation. Case report.

PMID- 6827330
TI  - A mixed functional microadenoma and ganglioneuroma of the pituitary fossa. Case
      report.

PMID- 6827329
TI  - Intrasellar epidermoid cyst. Case report.

PMID- 6827332
TI  - Anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the distal anterior cerebral
      artery with interposed cephalic vein graft. Case report.

PMID- 6827333
TI  - Migration of detachable mini-balloon from the ICA causing occlusion of the MCA.
      Case report.
AB  - This patient had an aneurysm on the internal carotid artery that was responsible
      for episodes of severe hemorrhage through the nose. During occlusion of the
      aneurysm by a detachable balloon, the balloon became dislodged and migrated,
      obstructing the middle cerebral artery territory and causing a life-threatening
      situation. This was treated promptly and successfully by removal of the balloon
      and repair of the artery. Attention is drawn to the risk of such migration
      occurring, and the possible causes.

PMID- 6827334
TI  - Unusual computerized tomography appearance of a carotid-cavernous fistula. Case
      report.
AB  - A case of carotid-cavernous fistula characterized by an unusual computerized
      tomography (CT) pattern is reported. The CT study showed a hyperdense lesion in
      the right frontoparietal region, and angiography demonstrated an uncommonly large
      venous network in the same area. After embolization by a detachable balloon
      technique, these findings gradually resolved. The CT pattern was probably due to
      the unusually large venous drainage and to the related ischemia of the brain
      parenchyma.

PMID- 6827335
TI  - Biphasic occurrence of delayed ischemia after early aneurysm surgery. Case
      report.
AB  - An unusual case of delayed ischemia following rupture of an aneurysm of the left
      internal carotid artery is reported. Symptoms occurred twice after clipping the
      aneurysm and removing most of the subarachnoid blood on the left side the day
      after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Initial ischemia due to vasospasm occurred
      on the left side of the brain on the 8th day after SAH and responded favorably to
      induced hypervolemia. After complete recovery, a second episode due to vasospasm
      occurred on the 16th day after SAH on the right side of the brain from which the
      subarachnoid blood had not been removed. This caused a massive lesion and
      permanent severe neurological deficits. This case suggests that removal of
      subarachnoid blood may affect the severity and time course of vasospasm, and
      emphasizes the necessity of extensive removal of subarachnoid blood for
      prevention of severe delayed ischemic symptoms.

PMID- 6827336
TI  - Brain-stem hematomas.

PMID- 6827338
TI  - Intermittent exophthalmos.

PMID- 6827337
TI  - Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 6827341
TI  - Monitoring of auditory evoked potentials.

PMID- 6827339
TI  - Femoral nerve injury.

PMID- 6827342
TI  - Timing of surgery for intracerebral hematomas due to aneurysm rupture.

PMID- 6827340
TI  - Long-term indwelling brain cannula.

PMID- 6827343
TI  - Intraventricular hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm. Retrospective analysis of 91
      cases.
AB  - Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) from aneurysm rupture is generally considered
      to be of grave prognostic significance. Ninety-one cases have been studied
      retrospectively from seven medical centers. The overall mortality rate was 64%.
      The dramatically poor condition of these patients leads to their rapid admission
      to the hospital. Eighty-seven percent were admitted on Day 0 or 1, and more than
      half were classified neurologically as Grade 4 or 5. A multiple regression
      analysis explained 56% of the variance in survival, using the variables of
      ventriculocranial ratio (VCR), day of admission, diastolic blood pressure,
      location of aneurysm, associated intracerebral hematoma, age, grade on admission,
      sex, and systolic blood pressure. No patient with a VCR of more than 0.25, as
      calculated from the initial computerized tomography (CT) scan, survived. No
      patient whose smallest VCR was 0.23 or more survived. This ratio can be simply
      measured with a millimeter ruler from the CT scan. Patients with IVH usually had
      enlarged ventricles, even initially. The overall results suggest that early
      management of intracranial hypertension should be more generally considered,
      although even when this was done the prognosis was still guarded. The timing of
      surgery was not an important determinant of outcome, although a significant
      number of patients died awaiting surgery.

PMID- 6827344
TI  - Polycystic kidney disease and intracranial aneurysms. Early angiographic
      diagnosis and early operation for the unruptured aneurysm.
AB  - From August, 1981, to August, 1982, the authors performed four-vessel angiography
      in 17 patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) who had no neurological
      deficit and no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Seven cases of unruptured
      aneurysms were found among these 17 patients (an incidence of 41.2%). Five of the
      unruptured aneurysms were operated on prophylactically, with no mortality or
      morbidity. Nine of the 17 patients had hypertension and, of these, two (22.2%)
      had aneurysms. Of the eight patients without hypertension, five (62.5%) had
      aneurysms. This study suggests that the coexistence of PKD and intracranial
      aneurysms might not be due to the hypertension that occurs concomitant with PKD,
      but instead may be attributable to congenital factors. The authors stress the
      necessity of early diagnosis and early operation for unruptured aneurysms in
      patients with PKD.

PMID- 6827345
TI  - Comparison of middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion by silicone cylinder
      embolization and by trapping.
AB  - The authors produced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) trunk in dogs
      by two methods: silicone cylinder embolization and trapping. Comparative analyses
      of the clinicopathological features in these models, extending from the acute to
      chronic stage, were performed. Within 24 hours after embolization, the brain
      exhibited swelling without macroscopic infarction. Microangiograms revealed
      impaired filling in the deep areas of the brain with midline shift. At 4 to 7
      days after embolization, the animals showed major neurological deficits, evident
      deep cerebral infarction, and poorly perfused areas in the deep cerebrum with
      prominent midline shift. At 3 to 4 weeks after embolization, the neurological
      deficits improved and the affected regions showed cavities or localized lesions.
      Microangiograms demonstrated hypervascular areas with abnormal vessels in the
      affected cerebrum. On the other hand, trapping of the MCA trunk produced mild
      neurological deficits, although there was no evidence of macroscopic lesions or
      impairment of filling. This study shows that silicone cylinder embolization in
      the MCA trunk produces a reliable and reproducible deep cerebral infarction in
      dogs.

PMID- 6827346
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow, sensory evoked potentials, and intracranial
      pressure in dogs with MCA occlusion by embolization or trapping.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), sensory evoked potentials (SEP), and
      intracranial pressure (ICP) were investigated in dogs with focal cerebral
      ischemia produced by a silicone cylinder embolus in the middle cerebral artery
      (MCA) trunk as compared to that produced by trapping the same vessel. These
      variables were measured at intervals of 1 hour for a period of 6 hours after MCA
      occlusion. In the embolized animals, rCBF decreased most extensively at the basal
      ganglia, from a control level of 53.9 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- SE) to 21.5 +/- 2.7
      ml/100 gm/min at the 6th hour. Sensory evoked potentials decreased progressively
      from the resting level of 100% to 53.0% +/- 7.2% at the 3rd hour. Intracranial
      pressure, measured by epidural pressure on the occluded side, increased rapidly
      during the first 3 hours, from 10.6 +/- 0.3 to about 30 cm H2O. In the animals
      with trapping, the decreases in rCBF and declines of SEP were significantly less
      than those in the embolized animals, and no evident brain swelling was observed.
      This study demonstrates that MCA trunk occlusion by silicone cylinder
      embolization produces a more marked decrease in deep CBF, with diminution of SEP
      and increase in ICP, than that produced by trapping.

PMID- 6827347
TI  - Halo-thoracic brace immobilization in 188 patients with acute cervical spine
      injuries.
AB  - The authors report 188 patients with acute cervical spine injury with fracture
      who underwent Halo-thoracic brace immobilization. The majority of the fractures
      were considered unstable. Early neurological assessment revealed 24 patients
      without neurological deficit. There were 164 patients with associated cervical
      cord injury; 84 patients with incomplete, and 80 patients with complete
      tetraplegia. Management consisted of skull traction and application of the Halo
      thoracic brace about 1.3 weeks after admission. The average radiological union
      time was 11.5 weeks following a mean of 10.2 weeks of immobilization in a Halo
      apparatus. Satisfactory restoration of bone and ligament stability, with no
      significant posttreatment neck pain, was obtained in 168 cases (89%). This is
      comparable to the fusion rate achieved for cervical fractures in the literature.
      The follow-up periods range from 1 month to 6 years, with a mean of 10.8 months.
      The management and results in 73 patients with unilaterally and bilaterally
      locked facets with or without fractures are discussed. Complete tetraplegia is
      not considered a contraindication to Halo apparatus immobilization. The multiple
      factors responsible for overcoming the barrier of anesthetic skin are elucidated.
      Use of the Halo apparatus offers early mobilization and rehabilitation without
      neurological deterioration. Complications are few and insignificant.

PMID- 6827348
TI  - Local blood flow, oxygen tension, and oxygen consumption in the rat spinal cord.
      Part 2: Relation to segmental level.
AB  - Using a reliable and reproducible microelectrode technique, consistent
      simultaneous measurements of local spinal cord blood flow (SCBF), tissue oxygen
      tension, and tissue oxygen consumption were made at cervical, thoracic, and
      lumbar levels in the rat spinal cord. These observations showed that the
      metabolic state is maintained constant along the cord, despite significant
      variations in vasculature. The physiological and anatomical aspects of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 6827349
TI  - Medulloblastoma: clinical presentation and management. Experience at the hospital
      for sick children, toronto, 1950-1980.
AB  - The authors review the cases of 144 children with medulloblastoma treated between
      1950 and 1980. Duration of time between onset of symptoms and initial treatment
      was less than 1 1/2 months in 51% of cases, and less than 3 months in 76%. The
      tumor was located in the cerebellar vermis in 93% of patients. Brainstem
      infiltration was noted in 32%. Classical medulloblastomas comprised 82% of the
      total number reviewed, and desmoplastic medulloblastomas 15%. The majority of
      desmoplastic medulloblastomas were found in the midline of the cerebellum and in
      patients under 10 years of age. The prognosis for patients with desmoplastic
      medulloblastomas was worse than that for children with classical
      medulloblastomas. Spontaneous hemorrhage associated with primary or recurrent
      medulloblastoma occurred in 5.6% of the patients. Supratentorial metastases were
      found in 14.6% of cases, spinal cord metastases in 12.5%, and systemic metastases
      in 9%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 47%, and the 10-year survival rate
      42%. Extent of surgical excision proved to be a statistically significant
      prognostic factor. Two patients developed recurrence after the "period of risk"
      as defined by Collins' rule. Delayed complications of radiotherapy were found to
      be substantial. Intelligence quotient (IQ) testing on 16 survivors revealed
      verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full-scale IQ to be within the normal range in 11,
      seven, and nine cases, respectively. Two were retarded on all scores.

PMID- 6827350
TI  - Determination of CSF shunt patency with a lumbar infusion test.

PMID- 6827351
TI  - The oval pupil: clinical significance and relationship to intracranial
      hypertension.

PMID- 6827353
TI  - Precocious puberty and hypothalamic hamartoma with total recovery after surgical
      treatment. Case report.

PMID- 6827354
TI  - Epidural hygroma of the posterior fossa. Case report.
AB  - A case of posttraumatic epidural hygroma is reported. This child presented with
      occipital injury. Slowly but progressively he developed bilateral Wallenberg's
      syndrome and retrocollis. Correct preoperative diagnosis was made with the aid of
      computerized tomography. The case is discussed with emphasis on the mechanism of
      formation of an epidural hygroma and its clinical presentation.

PMID- 6827352
TI  - Tophaceous gout producing spinal cord compression. Case report.

PMID- 6827356
TI  - Giant ossifying fibroma of the skull. Case report.

PMID- 6827355
TI  - Fusarium brain abscess. Case report.
AB  - The common soil fungus, Fusarium, is rarely pathogenic in man but occasionally
      causes serious disease, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. A case is
      reported of Fusarium brain abscess and meningitis occurring in a patient with
      chronic infectious mononucleosis syndrome and immunodeficiency. The patient died
      despite aspiration of the abscess and treatment with amphotericin B. This case
      demonstrates the importance of identifying the offending pathological organism
      through abscess aspiration in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 6827357
TI  - Subclavian to distal vertebral artery bypass. Case report.

PMID- 6827358
TI  - Trigeminal artery to cavernous sinus fistula treated by balloon occlusion. Case
      report.

PMID- 6827361
TI  - Removal of retained bone fragments.

PMID- 6827360
TI  - Supraophthalmic carotid infusion for brain-tumor chemotherapy. Technical note.
AB  - The ocular complications of intracarotid infusion of drugs for brain-tumor
      chemotherapy may be eliminated by infusion of the chemotherapeutic agent into the
      carotid artery above the origin of the ophthalmic artery. The authors have
      developed a catheter that can negotiate the carotid siphon. This catheter is not
      balloon-tipped but incorporates a flexible tip with an expanded end to facilitate
      drag by flowing blood. The exit hole is placed to allow remote manipulation of
      the tip by hydraulic forces. Using this catheter, the authors have been
      consistently able to infuse the supraophthalmic carotid artery.

PMID- 6827364
TI  - Regression of arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 6827363
TI  - The femoral stretching test.

PMID- 6827359
TI  - A new bipolar right-angled coagulation forceps for pituitary surgery. Technical
      note.

PMID- 6827365
TI  - Cervical-peritoneal shunt.

PMID- 6827366
TI  - Error and corrections with scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying of solid
      foods.
AB  - Previous methods for correction of depth used geometric means of simultaneously
      obtained anterior and posterior counts. The present study compares this method
      with a new one that uses computations of depth based on peak-to-scatter (P:S)
      ratios. Six normal volunteers were fed a meal of beef stew, water, and chicken
      liver that had been labeled in vivo with both In-113m and Tc-99m. Gastric
      emptying was followed at short intervals with anterior counts of peak and
      scattered radiation for each nuclide, as well as posteriorly collected peak
      counts from the gastric ROI. Depth of the nuclides was estimated by the P:S
      method as well as the older method. Both gave similar results. Errors from septal
      penetration or scatter proved to be a significantly larger problem than errors
      from changes in depth.

PMID- 6827362
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid edema.

PMID- 6827367
TI  - Quantitative biliary dynamics: introduction of a new noninvasive scintigraphic
      technique.
AB  - We used a Tc-99m-labeled hepatobiliary agent to measure the partition of hepatic
      bile between gallbladder and intestine in sixteen normal patients and nine
      patients with cholelithiasis. In normal subjects, the fractions of the hepatic
      bile that flow into the gallbladder and the small intestine were widely variable,
      with mean values of 69 +/- 7% (s.e.) and 31 +/- 7% respectively. Bile reflux into
      the common hepatic duct was rare, occurring during the first 2/3 of the
      gallbladder ejection period and only when the ejection fraction was greater than
      59%. The gallbladder's mean latent period, ejection period, ejection fraction,
      and ejection rate were 2 +/- 1 min, 11 +/- 1 min, 59 +/- 4%, and 5.9%/min
      respectively. In patients with cholelithiasis, the fraction of hepatic bile
      flowing into the gallbladder was normal, but the ejection fraction was
      significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). For an equivalent dose of
      cholecystokinin, the gallbladder in cholelithiasis is less responsive than in
      normal subjects.

PMID- 6827368
TI  - Accuracy of deconvolution algorithms assessed by simulation studies: concise
      communication.
AB  - Deconvolution has been used to correct first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography
      for the time course of the delivery of radiopharmaceutical into the
      cardiopulmonary system. The extreme sensitivity of deconvolution to random errors
      in the data may account for some of the problems encountered in practice. We
      implemented several deconvolution algorithms that were suitable for use with the
      unimodal and multimodal superior vena caval and pulmonary curves found in left-to
      right shunt quantification. The sensitivity of the algorithms to random errors
      was assessed using mathematical test problems degraded with pseudorandom noise.
      An algorithm that constrained the deconvolved pulmonary curve to be expressable
      as the non-negative sum of a set of lagged normal curves was found to have the
      smallest maximum error on the curves tested. Comparison with results from a
      previously published test problem indicated an error reduction of greater than
      50% over previously used algorithms. Use of this algorithm may permit more
      accurate deconvolution of pulmonary time-activity curves and thereby improve
      shunt quantification.

PMID- 6827369
TI  - Statistics for nuclear medicine. Part 3: A. Comparing two proportions (the
      relative deviate test and chi-square equivalent). B. Counting data.

PMID- 6827370
TI  - Reduction by copper supplementation of teratogenic effects of D-penicillamine.
AB  - Previous experiments from this laboratory demonstrated that oral administration
      of D-penicillamine (DPA) throughout gestation produced significant teratogenic
      effects and low copper concentrations in both maternal and fetal tissues in a
      dose-related manner. To test the hypothesis that the teratogenicity of DPA was
      due to induced copper deficiency, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed throughout
      gestation complete, purified diets containing 5 (control), 50, or 100
      micrograms/g (supplemental) copper. One-half of the rats in each group received
      DPA at 0.83% of the diet. On day 21 of gestation, fetuses were removed and
      examined for gross malformations. Selected maternal and fetal tissues were
      analyzed for copper, zinc, iron and manganese. Animals fed the drug and
      supplemental copper had a very low incidence of fetal resorption (4%) and
      malformation (4%) compared to a high frequency of resorption (23%) and
      malformation (21%) in drug-fed nonsupplemented animals. There were no consistent
      differences in tissue iron, zinc or manganese levels among the groups. Tissue
      copper concentrations were lowest in the drug-fed, nonsupplemented group; those
      of the group fed DPA and supplemental copper were higher, but did not reach
      control values. Thus, there was a correlation between tissue copper levels and
      the frequency of malformations, supporting our hypothesis that DPA teratogenicity
      is due at least in part to induced copper deficiency.

PMID- 6827371
TI  - Intestinal exsorption of oleic acid: influence of aging, bile, pH and ethanol.
AB  - The transfer of oleic acid from the circulation into the intestinal lumen
      perfusate (exsorption) was investigated in vivo in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Following intravenous infusion of oleic acid, its appearance in the intestinal
      perfusate was assessed over a 3-hour period. The relationship between exsorption
      rate and the amount of infused oleic acid delineated a linear plot. Oleic acid
      exsorption rate increased as the taurocholate concentration was raised to 10 mM
      in the intestinal perfusate. In contrast, oleic acid exsorption rate decreased
      following decrease in the intestinal perfusate pH, or increase in the intestinal
      perfusate's concentrations of oleic, butyric and octanoic acids or following the
      additions of increasing concentrations of ethanol to the intestinal perfusate.
      Increase in the age of the animals from 3 to 21 months resulted in a decrease of
      oleic acid exsorption. These data indicate that exsorption of oleic acid into the
      intestinal perfusate is not simply a process of "leakiness" of the intestinal
      epithelium. Rather, exsorption of this fatty acid is modified by factors that
      change the characteristics of the perfusate or modify the characteristics of the
      intestinal epithelium or the unstirred water layer at the luminal surface of the
      small intestine.

PMID- 6827372
TI  - Regulation of hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase by dietary betaine.
AB  - The level of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase increases in the livers of
      rats fed diets supplemented with betaine or choline. The increase occurs within 3
      days following the change in diet. When we administered betaine by
      intraperitoneal injection to rats fed choline-free diets, we observed a similar
      increase within 24 hours. Since betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase catalyzes
      a reaction which is essential for the catabolism of betaine, these changes
      provide a means for adaptation to excessive levels of dietary choline and
      betaine.

PMID- 6827374
TI  - Effects of phenolic monomers on rat performance and metabolism.
AB  - Phenolic monomers identified in common roughages were included in diets fed to
      rats both as mixtures, to mimic phenolic composition of roughages, and
      individually at various levels. Three performance and digestion/metabolism trials
      were conducted. Dry matter, protein, total carbohydrate, cellulose, and soluble
      carbohydrate (dextrose plus starch) digestibilities were measured. Urine and
      fecal samples were analyzed for phenolic monomers in trial 1. Inclusion of
      phenolic monomers (p-coumaric, ferulic, protocatechuic and salicylic acids, and
      vanillin) in rat diets resulted in reduced feed intake with a linear trend toward
      decreased intake with increasing dietary phenolic (p-coumaric and ferulic acids)
      concentrations. Average daily gain also exhibited a similar negative linear
      relationship. p-Coumaric and ferulic acids did not differ from one another in
      their effects, whereas salicylic acid had greater negative effects and vanillin
      was not different from the phenolic-free control. Some differences in
      digestibility of individual nutrients were observed, but were small in magnitude
      and did not correlate well with the altered growth responses. Analysis of urine
      and feces revealed low recoveries of phenolic monomers, suggesting extensive
      metabolism of phenolics by rats after intestinal absorption. Potential exists for
      phenolic monomers to be intake- and growth-depressing agents in both animal and
      human diets.

PMID- 6827373
TI  - Protection against acute paraquat toxicity by dietary selenium in the chick.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine whether both dietary vitamin E and
      selenium (Se) affect the acute toxicity of paraquat in the chick. Paraquat
      significantly stimulated the rate of NADPH-supported consumption of oxygen by the
      microsomal fractions of chick liver and lung, and this stimulation was decreased
      by addition of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase. The acute oral LD50 of
      paraquat in the 8-day-old vitamin E- and Se-deficient chick (131 mg/kg body
      weight) was increased more than threefold by supplementing the diet with 0.10 ppm
      Se as Na2SeO3, (419 mg/kg body weight) but was not significantly affected by
      supplementing the diet with vitamin E (148 mg/kg body weight). A high fat (20%)
      diet did not alter the protective effect of Se against the acute toxicity of
      paraquat; however exposure to an oxygen-enriched atmosphere did reduce the
      protection by dietary Se. Dietary Se at 0.01 ppm protected against acute paraquat
      toxicity, whereas 0.08 ppm Se produced detectable increases in the Se-dependent
      glutathione peroxidase. These results indicate that the acute toxicity of
      paraquat in the chick is highly responsive to nutritional Se status and not
      vitamin E status.

PMID- 6827376
TI  - The metabolic fate of exogenous sorbitol in the rat.
AB  - Dietary sorbitol is rapidly converted to fructose and other carbohydrates in the
      liver, but its metabolic fate has not been studied rigorously. Twenty-four rats
      were given 20.4 muCi [14C]sorbitol with 100 mg of sorbitol, and groups of six
      were killed at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after sorbitol administration. Rats were
      also fed 6.9 muCi [14C]sorbitol for 7 or 14 days. Serum, liver, and lens were
      analyzed for 14C-labeled sorbitol, fructose, and glucose by using high
      performance liquid chromatography. Negligible radioactivity (1.1%) was found in
      the gastrointestinal content at 24 hours indicating virtually complete
      absorption. Most of the radioactivity was recovered in the glucose fraction in
      serum, liver and lens. Glucose and fructose concentrations showed some decline by
      day 14 compared with day 7 in serum and liver. However, in the lens, sorbitol
      showed a peak value at the end of the 14th day (37.5 +/- 9.9 micrograms/pair).
      These findings suggest that: 1) after oral administration, sorbitol is completely
      absorbed, and 2) that there is a finite accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in
      the lens in 14 days. Although the radioactive label indicated the exogenous
      origin of these carbohydrates, it is not certain whether the sorbitol is
      converted to glucose before entering and accumulating in the lens.

PMID- 6827375
TI  - Nucleosomal repeat length in rat liver nuclei is decreased by a high
      carbohydrate, fat-free diet.
AB  - Liver nuclei of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet (diet
      1), a low carbohydrate, protein-free diet (diet 2), or a commercial stock diet
      were purified and mildly incubated with micrococcal nuclease (MN) (EC 3.1.4.7)
      until 5-6% of the chromatin was acid-soluble. Chromatin fragments generated by MN
      incubation were deproteinized and sized by electrophoresis. The mobilities of the
      DNA fragments were used to calculate by two independent methods nucleosomal
      repeat length. The nucleosome is the fundamental packaging unit of eucaryotic
      chromatin. When nuclei were incubated with MN for various lengths of time, the
      nucleosome repeat length for rats fed diet 1 was invariably shorter than that for
      stock diet-fed rats regardless of method of calculation. After incubation with MN
      for 10 minutes, the nucleosome repeat length of nuclei from rats fed diet 2 was
      virtually identical to that for stock diet-fed rats. In addition, after a 30
      minute incubation, 32.4% of chromatin from nuclei of rats fed a lipogenic diet
      was of mononucleosome size, whereas only 9.9% and 20.6% was of the same size in
      nuclei of rats fed diet 2 or stock diet, respectively. These observations suggest
      that liver chromatin of rats fed a lipogenic diet may be in a different
      configuration than that from rats fed diet 2 or stock diet.

PMID- 6827377
TI  - Teratogenic effects of biotin deficiency in mice.
AB  - Teratogenic effects of maternal biotin deficiency produced by a diet containing
      egg white were studied in mice. More than 90% of the fetuses from biotin
      deficient females showed external or skeletal congenital abnormalities. The
      predominant malformations were micrognathia (91%), cleft palate (82%) and
      micromelia (41%). Simultaneous supplementation of biotin at the level of 10 mg/kg
      in the diet thoroughly prevented these malformations. Thus congenital
      malformations observed in this study were apparently due to the maternal dietary
      deficiency of biotin during pregnancy. Even though so many fetuses were malformed
      and many were also stunted, their dams did not exhibit any overt signs of biotin
      deficiency such as alopecia, dermatitis or nervous irritability.

PMID- 6827378
TI  - Essential fatty acid deficiency: effects of cross-fostering mice at birth on
      myelin levels and composition.
AB  - Female mice were assigned an essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet or a
      control diet at mating, and litters were cross-fostered at birth to produce three
      groups of animals: pups fed a control diet prenatally and deficient diet
      postnatally (C leads to D); a deficient diet prenatally and a control diet
      postnatally (D leads to C); and a control diet throughout life (C leads to C).
      The yield of myelin, the developmental pattern of the major proteins, and the
      proportion of major lipids were examined in the purified myelin of the three
      groups at 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Myelin yield was lower at 9 weeks in both the (C
      leads to D) and (D leads to C) groups compared to controls. There was an
      alteration in the ratios of the proteins and major lipid classes in myelin from
      the (C leads to D) animals at 9 weeks, whereas the ratios of these components
      were normal in the (D leads to C) animals at this age. However, at three weeks
      the lipid composition of the myelin isolated from (D leads to C) animals was
      abnormal. The results suggest that postnatal EFA deficiency results in
      hypomyelination in mice and that the myelin formed is of abnormal composition
      during early postnatal brain development. Prenatal EFA deficiency results in less
      severe hypomyelination with only the earliest myelin formed being of abnormal
      lipid composition.

PMID- 6827380
TI  - Dietary zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted in order to establish the essentiality of zinc for
      fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and to determine their dietary
      zinc requirement. Purified egg white diets with and without supplemental zinc
      were fed to channel catfish fingerlings for 12 weeks in the essentiality
      experiment. Catfish fed the basal diet containing 1.0 - 1.5 mg Zn/kg diet
      developed deficiency signs such as anorexia and suppressed growth. After week 8
      of this experiment, two groups of fish fed the basal diet were converted to the
      zinc-supplemented diet, which contained 28 mg Zn/kg diet. Deficiency signs in
      these fish were alleviated after consumption of the zinc-supplemented diet. In
      the requirement experiment, graded levels of a zinc premix were added to egg
      white diets and fed to fingerling channel catfish for 14 weeks. Serum alkaline
      phosphatase, serum zinc, bone zinc and bone calcium data indicated that the
      minimum zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish was 20 mg Zn/kg dry diet.

PMID- 6827379
TI  - The influence of premature weaning and the nature of the fat in the diet during
      development on adult plasma lipids and adipose cellularity in pair-fed rats.
AB  - Long-term effects of the nature of the fat in the diet of developing rats on
      plasma lipids and adipose cellularity were investigated. During the developmental
      period (less than 95 days of age) rats were fed purified diets containing either
      polyunsaturated vegetable oil (VO) or cholesterol-supplemented animal fat (AF).
      Half of the rats of each diet fat group was weaned at 14 days of age (PW). From
      age 95 days to the time of death at 333 days all of the rats were fed the AF
      diet. In both early diet fat groups PW and normally suckled (MN) rats were pair
      fed after 21 days of age. Adult MN rats fed the AF diet had the lowest total
      plasma cholesterol concentration of any group and a lower level of high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol than MN rats fed the VO diet during development. All four
      groups of rats had approximately the same average body weight at 333 days, but MN
      rats that had been fed the VO diet had significantly fewer, but larger,
      adipocytes per gram of ovarian fat pad than any other group. Despite virtually
      equivalent food consumption and no known nutrient deficiencies or excesses, these
      data demonstrate some significant adult metabolic responses to variations in
      early diet.

PMID- 6827382
TI  - Metabolism of zinc, copper and iron as affected by dietary protein, cysteine and
      histidine.
AB  - Zinc, copper and iron utilization were examined in weanling male rats fed a 45%
      lactalbumin diet (HPro), a 15% lactalbumin diet (LPro), or 15% lactalbumin diets
      supplemented with: histidine (LProHis), cysteine (LProCys), or histidine and
      cysteine (LProHisCys). The histidine content and cysteine content of the
      supplemented diets were equal to the levels of these amino acids in the HPro
      diet. Zinc utilization was affected by the levels of protein, cysteine, and, to a
      lesser extent, histidine in the diets. The apparent absorption of zinc and the
      levels of zinc in their tibias were greater when the rats were fed the HPro,
      LProCys or LProHisCys diets rather than the LPro or LProHis diets. Liver copper
      levels were highest when rats consumed the LPro diet. Tissue levels of iron and
      fecal losses of iron were not affected by the dietary treatments.

PMID- 6827381
TI  - In vitro kinetics of the intestinal transport of riboflavin in rats.
AB  - Transmural intestinal transport of riboflavin was studied in a concentration
      range between 0.033 and 10.0 microM by an in vitro perfusion technique by using
      everted jejunal segments of rats. The transport was found to have a dual
      characteristic: at low, i.e., physiologically relevant concentrations, a carrier
      mediated saturable component predominated; at higher concentrations this
      component was increasingly obscured by simple diffusion as the prevailing
      transport mechanism. The transport constant KT of the saturable component was
      calculated to be 0.54 microM. The Q10-value was 2.31 for a low concentration
      (0.322 microM) and 1.44 for a high concentration (10.0 microM) of the substrate.
      When Na+ was partially replaced by Li+ or choline+ in the media or when ouabain
      was added to the serosal medium, the saturable component of the transport was
      completely abolished. The substrate analogue lumiflavin reduced the transport
      rate of riboflavin at low substrate concentration only. Generally, the results
      indicate that it is essential to consider the physiologically relevant
      concentration of micronutrients in studies concerning the mechanism of their
      intestinal transport.

PMID- 6827384
TI  - Zinc toxicity, zinc deficiency and zinc-copper interrelationship in Eimeria
      acervulina-infected chicks.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of
      duodenal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina infection on Zn toxicity, Zn
      deficiency and the interrelationship between Zn and Cu. The coccidial infection
      depressed both rate and efficiency of weight gain. Dietary Zn addition at 2000
      mg/kg depressed performance only slightly, but the 4000 mg/kg reduced both gain
      and gain/feed markedly. The coccidial infection appeared to have an ameliorative
      effect on Zn toxicity as assessed by performance and by hematological parameters.
      Excess Zn (2000 and 4000 mg/kg) dramatically increased liver, pancreas and bone
      Zn levels. The coccidial infection, however, decreased tissue Zn levels. Copper
      toxicity caused by feeding 500 mg Cu per kilogram diet was exacerbated by E.
      acervulina infection. A Zn-Cu antagonism was observed in both control and in
      coccidiosis-infected chicks. Excess dietary Zn decreased tissue Cu deposition,
      but excess Cu did not affect tissue Zn deposition. Copper partially ameliorated
      Zn toxicity symptoms. The efficacy of Cu in overcoming the Zn-induced depressed
      hematological parameters, however, was enhanced slightly by coccidiosis. E.
      acervulina infection did not affect the chick's Zn requirement. Growth data were
      more reliable as indicators of the Zn requirement than were blood or bone
      parameters.

PMID- 6827386
TI  - Effect of dust exposure in Ontario cotton textile mills.
AB  - The acute effect of cotton dust on respiratory function was assessed. Respiratory
      questionnaires, preshift and postshift pulmonary function testing and air
      sampling were completed for 176 cotton textile workers and 33 controls. The
      results showed a dose-response relationship between vertical elutriator dust
      measurements and change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) over the work
      shift. Dust levels of 0.2 mg/m3 or less were not associated with significant
      acute falls in FEV1.

PMID- 6827387
TI  - Lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in coke oven workers.
AB  - Lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were determined for 12
      long-term coke oven workers and 12 other age-matched steelworkers with no coke
      oven work exposure. All study participants were nonsmokers. The exposed group had
      a mean of 28.9 years' exposure to the coke oven emissions. SCE frequencies for
      the exposed individuals ranged from 7.97 to 11.20 SCEs per cell while the control
      individuals ranged from 6.73 to 10.60 SCEs per cell. The mean SCE frequency for
      the exposed group was 9.54 +/- SD 1.15 SCEs per cell, and was 14% higher than the
      8.35 +/- SD 1.09 SCEs per cell of the control group (p = .016). The long-term
      exposure to coke oven emissions experienced by the coke oven workers may be the
      explanation for this small difference.

PMID- 6827383
TI  - Bioavailability to anemic rats of iron from fresh, cooked or nitrosylated
      hemoglobin and myoglobin.
AB  - Bioavailabilities of heme iron prepared from lyophilized, fresh, cooked,
      nitrosylated hemoglobin and purified myoglobin in semipurified diets were
      investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the bioavailabilities of
      porcine and bovine hemoglobins were about one-third that for ferrous sulfate
      regardless of hemoglobin treatments. The efficiency of hemoglobin regeneration by
      anemic rats fed nitrosylated pork hemoglobin was significantly depressed compared
      with that by those fed unnitrosylated products. Cooking did not affect the
      availability of the heme iron, whereas washing tended to increase it. In
      experiment 2, the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency of the purified myoglobin
      diet was lower than reported by others for meat diets, and was even lower than
      that of the purified hemoglobin diet. The respective efficiency values for the
      basal, basal + FeSO4, hemoglobin, and myoglobin diets (experiment 2) were 0.073,
      0.581, 0.199, and 0.125. The efficiencies of converting hemoglobin and ferrous
      sulfate iron into hemoglobin by the anemic rats were very similar to reported
      absorption values for these iron sources by iron-deficient human subjects.

PMID- 6827385
TI  - Effect of dietary essential fatty acids on vitamin A utilization in the rat.
AB  - After their liver reserves of vitamin A were enhanced to ca. 300 micrograms
      retinol/g by 5 large daily oral doses of retinyl palmitate, groups of rats (n =
      6) were fed a vitamin A-free diet containing 10% corn oil, coconut oil or linseed
      oil, with or without vitamin E, for a 10-day period. The composition of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in liver lipids reflected the dietary
      composition, with linoleate and linolenate being markedly increased in the livers
      of rats fed the corn and linseed oil diets, respectively, relative to those fed
      the coconut oil diet. In contrast, the predominant retinyl ester in the livers of
      rats on all three diets was retinyl palmitate (greater than 80%), with no diet
      related change noted in the relatively small amounts of retinyl linoleate (1-4%)
      or of retinyl stearate and linolenate (6-11%) present. The depletion of vitamin A
      from the liver during the 10-day period was slight (less than or equal to 10%)
      and similar on all three diets. Thus, the ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids, with or without vitamin E, did not significantly influence either the
      mobilization rate or the ester composition of liver vitamin A reserves of rats in
      good vitamin A status. The relationship of these studies to previous
      investigations in which PUFA was shown to reduce liver and plasma concentrations
      of vitamin A is discussed.

PMID- 6827389
TI  - Mortality and cancer incidence experience of employees in a nuclear fuels
      fabrication plant.
AB  - The mortality and cancer incidence experience of 4,106 employees in a nuclear
      fuels fabrication plant was evaluated in this retrospective cohort study.
      Standardized mortality (SMR) and incidence ratios were calculated for groups of
      employees holding different jobs in the company associated with various types of
      industrial exposures and with low levels of radiation. Connecticut population
      mortality rates and Connecticut Tumor Registry incidence rates, specific for age
      sex, calendar year and cause of death or cancer site, were used for the
      calculation of expected rates. Results showed the SMR for all male employees to
      be significantly lower than expected for all causes and what would be expected
      for all cancer deaths. More deaths were observed than expected from diseases of
      the central and peripheral nervous system and from obstructive pulmonary disease.
      The overall cancer incidence experience of the male employees was significantly
      lower than expected; cancer of the brain was found to be significantly higher
      than expected among the industrial employees. These was no risk associated with
      any particular job exposure group. Log linear models analysis showed no
      significant effect from industrial and radiation exposures or from their combined
      influence.

PMID- 6827388
TI  - Employment-related administrative roentgenograms: characteristics of policy
      formulation and current practice.
AB  - A significant proportion of diagnostic medical procedures are used in response to
      public or private policy rather than in response to an individual patient
      physician interaction. We have studied the system whereby such policies are
      developed and implemented in the case of employment-related chest and lumbar
      spine roentgenograms, which were found to account for about 11% of the total use
      of diagnostic radiographs in the state of Michigan. We observed that factors
      influencing formulation of policy are diverse and largely nonmedical,
      organizational policies developed in similar environments are often very
      dissimilar and are highly subject to external influence, and perceptions of
      policy success and examination utility are typically subjective and uncertain. It
      is concluded that considerable opportunity exists to enhance the efficacy of such
      radiographic examinations through leverage provided by their policy-driven
      nature.

PMID- 6827390
TI  - Simultaneous masking interactions between chromatic and luminance gratings.
AB  - Simultaneous masking using test and mask gratings composed of isochromatic
      luminance variations and isoluminant chromatic variations was studied. Masking of
      chromatic gratings by chromatic gratings shows less spatial-frequency specificity
      than does masking of luminance gratings by luminance gratings. Luminance gratings
      mask chromatic gratings of identical space-average luminance and chromaticity
      little and only when the spatial frequencies of the test and mask gratings are
      similar. Chromatic gratings, however, profoundly mask luminance gratings with a
      degree of spatial-frequency specificity akin to that of luminance-luminance
      masking. The insensitivity of the luminance-color masking results to the relative
      phase of the chromatic and luminance gratings indicates that the observed
      asymmetry is not due to local interactions.

PMID- 6827391
TI  - Fusional vergence response to local peripheral stimulation.
AB  - Horizontal, convergent disparities were introduced between dichoptic stimuli
      confined to small regions of the peripheral retina. Stimuli were presented at 32
      locations: radial positions varied in 5-deg increments up to 20 deg, while
      angular position varied in 45-deg steps. The stimulus size and disparity were
      scaled in accordance with the cortical magnification factor. Eye movements were
      objectively measured, and the relative contributions of the motor and nonmotor
      components to the fusional response were evaluated as a function of stimulus
      eccentricity and angular position. Vergence responses elicited by peripheral
      disparities had longer latencies and durations and were more asymmetric than the
      movements elicited by foveal disparities. The composition of the fusional
      response changed with the position of the stimulus. The largest percentage of
      motor compensation was observed for stimuli located either near the line of sight
      or directly above it. The variations in the size of the motor response with
      increasing eccentricity could not be explained by the cortical magnification
      factor.

PMID- 6827395
TI  - Ultrastructural appearances of acute renal papillary lesions induced by aspirin.
AB  - Renal papillary necrosis develops 16 hr after intravenous administration of
      aspirin to the uninephrectomised homozygous Gunn rat. Ultrastructural studies
      show the papillary interstitial cells to be most severely affected, the first
      changes being visible at 1 hr. Changes in capillaries are late in onset, and this
      suggests that the lesions are due to a direct toxic effect rather than to
      ischaemia.

PMID- 6827396
TI  - The uptake of horseradish peroxidase and its subsequent redistribution by guinea
      pig gallbladder in vivo.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the emptied gallbladder of guinea
      pigs at laparotomy. The fate of the HRP was observed by light and electron
      microscopy over the following 2 hr. Within 5 min. HRP appeared in pits and apical
      vesicles either as a rim of increased electron density or more evenly distributed
      throughout the pit or vesicle. The pits and vesicles were more frequently seen at
      the edge of the cell apex. From 15 min. HRP was identified in the basolateral
      cell space in increasing quantities with spill over through the basement membrane
      into the lamina propria: by 30 min. and 2 hr, little further change was observed.
      The quantity of nonspecific electron density in epithelial cell multivesicular
      bodies and residual bodies made the assessment of intracellular handling of the
      HRP impossible. Dilution of the HRP in the lamina propria made the identification
      of the eventual fate of the HRP difficult to determine.

PMID- 6827394
TI  - Histological and ultrastructural studies of the human juxtaglomerular apparatus
      in benign and malignant hypertension.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic appearances of the human juxtaglomerular
      apparatus in benign essential and malignant (accelerated phase) hypertension are
      described. In the former, the variability of appearances precludes assessment of
      the importance of the apparatus in the pathogenesis or progression of the
      disease. The hyperplastic appearance of the apparatus in malignant hypertension
      supports the concept of renin hypersecretion in this phase. Mechanisms of JGA
      stimulation are considered and the possibility of a new source of renin
      discussed. It is suggested that morphological appraisal of cellular activity
      could be correlated with chemical estimations, allowing a clearer delineation of
      the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis and progression of
      benign and malignant hypertension. This might be of value in assessing the
      cellular response to various specific pharmacological agents used in the
      management of these conditions.

PMID- 6827393
TI  - A new reproducible experimental model of analgesic nephropathy.
AB  - The uninephrectomised homozygous Gunn rat is more sensitive than other
      experimental animals to the nephrotoxic effects of analgesics. Phenacetin
      derivatives produce severe necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and aspirin
      and phenazone renal papillary necrosis. The observations suggest that the
      components of compound analgesic preparations have separate and complementary
      nephrotoxic effects, and this is a possible factor contributing to the
      association of analgesic nephropathy with abuse of such preparations.

PMID- 6827392
TI  - Senile amyloid deposition.

PMID- 6827397
TI  - The ultrastructural localisation of De-Nol (colloidal tripotassium dicitrato
      bismuthate--TDB) in the upper gastrointestinal tract of man and rodents following
      oral and instrumental administration.
AB  - In the presence of hydrochloric acid, tripotassium dicitrato-bismuthate forms a
      particulate precipitate which is electron dense. In upper gastrointestinal tract
      endoscopic biopsies, following a single oral dose, precipitate was detected
      between superficial oesophageal epithelial cells and also lining lipid droplets
      within oesophageal cells. The precipitate does not appear to penetrate the thick
      mucus barrier in the normal stomach but reaches the epithelial cell surface in
      the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Small particles of bismuth complex are
      endocytosed by the enterocyte and enter multivesicular bodies. A similar series
      of events was observed in rodents and an approximate time course for adsorption
      and endocytosis was estimated.

PMID- 6827400
TI  - The lectin binding affinity of Reed-Sternberg cells.
AB  - Reed-Sternberg cells from ten cases of Hodgkin's disease were examined by the
      direct immunofluorescence technique, for their affinity for nine lectins. The
      surrounding lymphocytes and monocytes of HD tissue were also assessed for their
      ability to bind lectins. RS cells showed considerable heterogeneity of reaction.
      Overall, there was a marked decrease in the binding of most of the lectins
      studied in HD cases as compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
      This was particularly evident for RCA, PHA and PNA binding. It is suggested that
      there is a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, with fewer lectin-binding sites on
      both RS cells and on the mononuclear cell populations in Hodgkin's disease.
      Further quantitative work is required to verify this.

PMID- 6827399
TI  - Differential toxicity of methylglyoxal-bis [guanylhydrazone].
AB  - The toxicity to cultured cells of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent methylglyoxal
      bis[guanylhydrazone] (MGBG) varies considerably between different cell lines and
      is always more toxic in the absence of exogenous polyamine. We have looked at the
      relative MGBG toxicity of two different murine melanoma tumour cell lines
      (Harding-Passey and Cloudman) and normal murine fibroblasts, and found wide
      variation with no correlation in sensitivity to MGBG between tumour and normal
      cells. High sensitivity to MGBG may be associated with high transport across the
      cell membrane.

PMID- 6827398
TI  - A morphometric, biochemical and histochemical comparison of puromycin
      aminonucleoside and hyperalbuminaemic induced proteinurias in the female Wistar
      rat.
AB  - Biochemical, immunological, histochemical and electron microscope morphometric
      techniques were used to monitor the changes in urinary protein composition,
      albumin clearance and glomerular ultrastructure induced in female Wistar rats
      following i.p. injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) or bovine albumin
      (BSA). BSA injected rats maintained a high degree of selectivity with albumin
      constituting 90 per cent. of the total protein excreted even when mean protein
      excretion was in the order of 500 mg/24 hr. A similar degree of selectivity was
      only evident in PAN nephrotic rats at low levels of proteinuria. Levels of 500
      mg/24 hr only 57 per cent. of the total protein was albumin. These differences
      correlated well with the increased number of glomeruli from PAN nephrotics
      compared with hyperalbuminaemic rats which, at these high levels of proteinuria,
      had bare areas of glomerular basement membrane caused by epithelial cell
      detachment (88 and 7 per cent. respectively). Detailed electron microscope
      morphometric and immunohistochemical studies showed that there were also
      important quantitative differences in a number of superficially similar
      glomerular structural alterations. In PAN nephrotic rats all glomeruli showed
      very marked epithelial cell foot process loss and reduced staining with colloidal
      iron. In glomeruli from hyperalbuminaemic rats there was a wide variation in the
      extent of epithelial cell foot process loss and reduced colloidal iron staining
      was only demonstrable in those glomeruli which had swollen epithelial containing
      large numbers of vacuoles and protein droplets. Similarly, while protein droplets
      were smaller and less numerous in glomeruli from PAN-injected rats, they were
      present in most glomeruli whereas their distribution was much more variable in
      glomeruli from BSA-injected rats. All the data collected therefore indicated that
      there were important differences in the types of proteinuria and glomerular
      ultrastructural damage present in PAN nephrotic and hyperalbuminaemic rats and
      suggested that their induction may have involved entirely different mechanisms.
      Evidence gathered from one experimental model should thus only be used with
      extreme caution to aid in interpretation of data obtained from the other.

PMID- 6827401
TI  - Uptake of cationized ferritin by colonic epithelium.
AB  - Guinea-pig, rat and mouse were used in this electron microscopic study to
      demonstrate endocytosis in absorptive and goblet cells of the surface epithelium
      of the colon. Cationised ferritin was used as the electron dense tracer which
      attached in vivo to negatively charged membrane components. Both coated and
      uncoated vesicles entered the cells. The major pathway for the vesicles was to
      the secondary lysosomes and occurred within 10-30 min. This demonstrates a new
      pathway of absorption in the adult rodent colon with potential for the uptake of
      macromolecules. It may provide new clues to the immunology, physiology and
      pathology of the tissue.

PMID- 6827402
TI  - The cellular response to human colonic neoplasms: macrophage numbers.
AB  - Tumour cells and macrophages are thought to interact and the behaviour of tumours
      may be modified by macrophage activity. Using an immuno-histochemical method for
      the demonstration of lysozyme and a computerised image analysis system, the
      number of macrophages was assessed in and around tubulovillous adenomas and the
      different Dukes grades of adenocarcinomas of the colon. No significant
      differences were demonstrated and it is concluded that the behaviour of these
      neoplasms is not related to the number of associated macrophages.

PMID- 6827403
TI  - Nailfold capillary abnormalities in childhood rheumatic diseases.
AB  - The nailfold capillary patterns of 84 patients with a variety of childhood
      rheumatic diseases and 34 normal control subjects were observed. Distinctive
      morphologic abnormalities with capillary dilation and dropout of surrounding
      structures were noted in two groups: patients with childhood dermatomyositis and
      with scleroderma (P less than 0.001). Among those with scleroderma, capillary
      abnormalities were found in all nine patients with systemic disease and in none
      of 10 patients with cutaneous disease only (Fisher's exact P less than 0.001). Of
      25 patients with dermatomyositis for whom muscle biopsies were available for
      analysis, abnormal nailfold capillary pattern was found with highest prevalence
      in patients with two or more specific vascular lesions noted on biopsy (Fisher's
      exact P = 0.041). Nailfold capillary abnormalities are present in distinct
      populations of childhood rheumatic diseases, reflect the underlying vasculopathy
      of childhood dermatomyositis, and may be of diagnostic value in distinguishing
      localized from systemic scleroderma.

PMID- 6827404
TI  - Reversibility of lung function abnormalities in children with perennial asthma.
AB  - Extrinsic perennial bronchial asthma was studied by whole-body plethysmography in
      118 patients to evaluate the degree and character of functional abnormalities
      during the asymptomatic "interval phase" of the disease. Study patients were
      divided into three functional subgroups, and the efficacy of albuterol
      (salbutamol), a beta-2-sympathomimetic drug, on bronchial obstruction of
      hyperinflation was analyzed. Response to medication was best in the group with
      predominant bronchial obstruction without hyperinflation. In contrast, patients
      with hyperinflation in the presence or absence of bronchial obstruction had only
      partial reversibility of their pathophysiologic alterations. Hyperinflation
      usually causes only minor clinical symptoms but tends to develop into
      irreversible lung damage in the form of "loss of elastic recoil." We suggest that
      early diagnosis and strict medical management in patients with hyperinflation are
      mandatory.

PMID- 6827405
TI  - Correlates of delayed motor nerve conduction and retinopathy in juvenile-onset
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Using a protocol designed to eliminate observer bias, we studied the relationship
      of duration of diabetes, age, blood glucose control, and the presence of
      retinopathy to motor nerve conduction velocity in patients with juvenile-onset
      diabetes of short duration. Conduction velocities for both the ulnar and peroneal
      nerves were significantly slower in the diabetic subjects than in the controls.
      Duration of diabetes, age, and diabetes control each had significant and
      independent effects on the prevalence of delayed conduction. Delayed conduction
      was present in more than 20% of those with diabetes of less than five years'
      duration, whereas retinopathy was present in none of our subjects with diabetes
      of the same duration. Moreover, although the presence of retinopathy was closely
      correlated with the presence of delayed conduction velocity, a number of diabetic
      subjects had one abnormality but not the other. We believe that delayed nerve
      conduction and retinopathy in diabetic patients are caused by multifactorial
      mechanisms that share a common relationship to duration, age, and degree of
      hyperglycemia, but which differ in at least some fundamental aspects.

PMID- 6827406
TI  - How many cases of true precocious puberty in girls are idiopathic?
AB  - Fifteen girls with true precocious puberty were examined by computerized
      tomography. In seven hypothalamic hamartomas were suspected. A
      pneumoencephalogram was performed in six cases (one patient refused), with the
      following results. In five, the radiological features were highly suggestive of
      tuber cinereum hamartoma. All of our patients with pubertal signs appearing
      before the age of 2 years and 80% of the girls with early menstruation were in
      the group with suspected hamartoma. The luteinizing hormone and follicle
      stimulating hormone levels of these five girls were significantly higher than
      those observed in the other girls with idiopathic precocious puberty. We conclude
      that there is a high frequency of small hypothalamic masses (suspected hamartoma)
      in girls with true precocious puberty (33% of the patients in our group), that it
      is important to confirm the presence of the mass with pneumoencephalography, and
      that surgery for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes should be carefully
      considered, given the absence of any neurologic symptoms for a long time after
      the appearance of the first pubertal signs.

PMID- 6827407
TI  - Epidemiologic study of insect allergy in children. II. Effect of accidental
      stings in allergic children.
AB  - One hundred eighty-one children with non-life-threatening reactions to insect
      stings and positive venom skin tests were randomized to treatment (53) or no
      treatment (128) groups and followed up clinically and immunologically for at
      least two years to assess the results of accidental stings. Twenty-eight stings
      in 17 treated patients and 74 stings in 47 untreated children occurred, leading
      to one mild reaction in a treated patient, and eight in the no-treatment group (P
      = NS). No reaction was more serious than the original. Based on IgE antibody
      changes and skin test results, 87% of the untreated children were stung by an
      insect to which they had clinical sensitivity by skin test. Vespid skin test
      sensitivity decreased 10-fold or more in both treated (72%) and untreated (44%)
      children. Of those with increased sensitivity, congruent to 70% had been stung.
      These data indicate that the incidence of severe reactions on resting is low in
      insect-allergic children, and that the majority show decreased skin test
      sensitivity over time.

PMID- 6827408
TI  - Carbohydrate malabsorption in infants with diarrhea studied with the breath
      hydrogen test.
AB  - Fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate (CHO) reaching the colon was studied by
      measuring peak breath hydrogen (H2) production between feedings in 28 H2
      producing hospitalized infants with diarrhea. Patients who required fewer than
      six days of hospitalization had lower breath H2 values when tested soon after
      admission than those who required longer stays. Patients hospitalized for more
      than five days had lower H2 amounts at discharge than on admission. Peak breath
      H2 values decreased when glucose was substituted for glucose polymers in
      formulas, or when the formula was fed by continuous drip via a nasogastric tube
      instead of by orally administered bolus. Glucose-positive and acidic stools were
      encountered occasionally and were associated with decreased H2 levels. The
      responses of H2 levels, stool pH, and glucose excretion after changes in patient
      management or intestinal metabolism of CHO reflect alterations in the balance
      between proximal intestinal absorption and distal colonic fermentation.
      Malabsorbed CHO that reaches a competent colon is utilized via microbial
      conversion, as indicated by high H2 levels, in the absence of glucose-positive
      and acidic stools. The presence of glucose in the feces or acidic stools
      indicates an inability of the colon to completely metabolize and absorb CHO or
      its products of fermentation.

PMID- 6827410
TI  - Cystic fibrosis screening by dried blood spot trypsin assay: results in 75,000
      newborn infants.
AB  - Seventy-five thousand 5-day-old babies were screened for cystic fibrosis by blood
      spot immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) assay as part of a statewide screening program.
      IRT was elevated in 433 babies; retesting revealed persistent elevation in 38.
      Sweat testing confirmed cystic fibrosis in 35 babies and was normal in two
      babies, whose IRT remained elevated at the time of the test. Sweat testing was
      refused by one mother. Of the 35 babies with cystic fibrosis, 13 had meconium
      ileus or an already diagnosed affected sibling, but the diagnosis was unsuspected
      in 22, although all but four had some symptoms suggestive of cystic fibrosis.
      Stool trypsin activity at the time of the diagnostic screen was normal in nine
      and reduced in seven of the babies with cystic fibrosis. One baby did not have
      elevated IRT, and the cystic fibrosis was missed by the screening test. In a
      retrospective study of blood spot samples from 36 newborn infants, who were later
      diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis, all had IRT levels greater than in matched
      controls. Our study confirms that elevated IRT is characteristic of newborn
      babies with cystic fibrosis, and shows that this test is very specific and
      sensitive when used as a newborn screening test.

PMID- 6827409
TI  - Outbreaks of diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile and its toxin in day
      care centers: evidence of person-to-person spread.
AB  - Clostridium difficile was associated with five outbreaks of diarrhea occurring in
      three day-care centers caring for children less than 2 years of age during a
      three and one-half-month period; two centers had one outbreak of diarrhea, and
      one had three outbreaks. The frequency of isolation of C. difficile and its toxin
      was determined in stool specimens from 65 children attending the three day-care
      centers. Twelve of 21 (57%) children who had diarrhea excreted C. difficile and
      its toxin, whereas only four of 44 (9%) children who did not experience diarrhea
      yielded the organism and the toxin. Five of the 12 symptomatic children with C.
      difficile and its toxin had received prior antimicrobial therapy for upper
      respiratory tract infections. An eight-month prospective study was then carried
      out in one room of the center where the three outbreaks had occurred. Initially,
      one child had culture-positive stools for C. difficile. During the first 13-week
      study period six additional children of the 12 (50%) in the room under study
      became colonized with C. difficile. Six of the seven children who excreted C.
      difficile and its toxin experienced diarrhea with C. difficile toxin-positive
      stools by the end of the 13 weeks. Environmental contamination increased as more
      children became colonized and developed diarrhea. Electrophoretic evaluation of
      environmental and stool isolates obtained during one outbreak of diarrhea showed
      that the isolates had an identical protein pattern. Findings of this study
      indicate the importance of searching for C. difficile in children in day-care
      centers who develop diarrhea.

PMID- 6827413
TI  - Local toxicity from a poinsettia plant: a case report.

PMID- 6827411
TI  - Growth in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

PMID- 6827412
TI  - Recovery from prolonged coma in hemolytic uremic syndrome.

PMID- 6827415
TI  - Anterior mediastinal masses: anesthesia hazards and other problems.

PMID- 6827414
TI  - Primary type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia: significance of lipoprotein lipase and
      hepatic triglyceride lipase activity in heterozygotes of patients with familial
      lipoprotein lipase deficiency.

PMID- 6827416
TI  - Barrier properties of the newborn infant's skin.
AB  - The barrier properties of the skin were examined in 223 studies in 70 newborn
      infants of 25 to 41 weeks' gestation, aged from 1 hour to 26 days. Percutaneous
      drug absorption was studied by observing the blanching response to solutions of
      1% and 10% phenylephrine applied to a small area of abdominal skin. Skin water
      loss was measured at the same site using an evaporimeter. Infants of 37 weeks'
      gestation or more showed little or no drug absorption and had low skin water
      losses, indicating that their skin is an effective barrier. By contrast, infants
      of 32 weeks' gestation or less showed marked drug absorption and high skin water
      losses in the early neonatal period, indicating that their skin is defective as a
      barrier. Both drug absorption and water loss in these infants fell steadily; by
      about 2 weeks of age the skin of the most immature infants functioned like that
      of mature infants. The varying barrier properties can be explained by the poor
      development of the stratum corneum in the more premature infants at birth and its
      rapid maturation after birth. The trauma caused to the skin by use of adhesive
      tape and the fixation of transcutaneous oxygen electrodes resulted in increased
      drug absorption and water loss from the damaged area.

PMID- 6827417
TI  - Influence of free fatty acids and glucose infusion on serum bilirubin and
      bilirubin binding to albumin: clinical implications.
AB  - We studied the risk of a large group of jaundiced neonates for bilirubin
      encephalopathy by serial assessment of their reserve serum albumin binding
      capacity as measured by the saturation index test. In 1271 infants with serum
      bilirubin concentration greater than 10 mg/dl, 12% had a saturation index (SI) of
      7% or greater and therefore were clinically at or near risk for bilirubin
      encephalopathy. Treatment with glucose infusion (1 gm/kg over one hour) was
      highly effective in lowering the SI (delta = -3.7%. P less than 0.001). In none
      of the infants did SI rebound to 7% or greater within 24 hours after the
      infusion. In a detailed study of 19 infants who received glucose, the highly
      significant (P less than 0.001) fall in SI (delta = -3.7%) was accompanied by an
      equally significant rise in serum values for insulin (delta = +21.6 mcu/ml) and
      fall in serum free fatty acids (delta = -0.51 mEq/L). Many factors in the study,
      such as prematurity, hemolysis, acidosis, and hypoxemia, could have predisposed
      the infants to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy. However, the facility by
      which most (93%) of the infants with high SI, including those who were premature
      or had evidence of hemolysis or respiratory insufficiency, responded to infusion
      of glucose indicates that serum free fatty acids may be the principal factor
      contributing to the high saturation index and therefore an underestimated factor
      in bilirubin binding to albumin.

PMID- 6827418
TI  - Effect of lactate, pyruvate, acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate on
      albumin binding of bilirubin.
AB  - Lactate, pyruvate, acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were tested
      for their bilirubin-displacing effect on human serum albumin. Only lactate had a
      significant effect at levels found in asphyxiated infants (up to 20 mM). The
      reserve albumin equivalent for binding bilirubin was determined, using the deputy
      ligand monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulfone (MADDS), in adult human serum albumin
      solution, neonatal serum, and neonatal albumin solution. Twenty mM lactate caused
      a 23% decrease of reserve albumin when adult albumin was used, but did not cause
      any change of binding when neonatal serum or neonatal albumin solution was used.
      It is unlikely that endogenous substances, acting as competitive ligands, cause
      the low binding affinity of albumin for bilirubin in sick, premature infants.

PMID- 6827419
TI  - Continuous and intermittent measurement of intracranial pressure by Ladd monitor.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether the force of application of the sensor of the
      Ladd monitor to the anterior fontanelle affects the accuracy of measurements of
      intracranial pressure. To resolve this problem, an artificial fontanelle was
      constructed and fontanelle pressure measurements were recorded at varying forces
      of application of the sensor. This in vitro technique demonstrated that anterior
      fontanelle pressure measured with the Ladd monitor is dependent on the force of
      application. Measurements of anterior fontanelle pressure were made in 17 infants
      and were correlated with simultaneous direct intracranial pressure measurements.
      These in vivo measurements confirmed the findings on the artificial fontanelle.
      Both the in vivo and in vitro measurements suggest that an application force of 7
      to 10 gm on the sensor will produce an accurate reflection of intracranial
      pressure. We describe two devices with which the sensor may be applied to the
      fontanelle with constant measurable force: one for intermittent measurement and
      another for continuous recording.

PMID- 6827421
TI  - Fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin) in the neonate.

PMID- 6827420
TI  - Effects of long-chain vs medium-chain triglycerides on gastric emptying time in
      premature infants.

PMID- 6827422
TI  - Assessment of health needs and willingness to utilize health care resources of
      adolescents in a suburban population.
AB  - We investigated whether adolescents living in a middle-class suburb believed that
      their health needs were being met, and the extent to which they were willing to
      utilize local health care resources for a range of problems. Self-administered,
      anonymous questionnaires were completed by 649 students in grades 9 through 12.
      The mean age of respondents was 15.4 years; 52% were female, and 95% white. They
      had ready access to medical care: 90% used a specific private physician. From a
      list of 15 health problems, 60% indicated that they had seen a health provider
      for at least one of them, most often for stomach pains (22%), headaches (18%),
      and coughing (16%). From an identical list, 48% indicated that there was at least
      one problem for which they had never seen a health provider but would like to,
      most often for a weight problem (14%), birth control (10%), and emotional upset
      (9%). Although 20% regularly used illegal drugs, 24% were sexually active, and
      38% thought they had a weight problem, only 1%, 4%, and 10%, respectively, had
      sought care for these matters. A majority of students would not choose to go to a
      private physician for care related to sexuality, substance abuse, or emotional
      upset, and would not be willing to seek care for these problems with their
      parents' knowledge. Ready access to private primary care did not assure attention
      to important health needs among these suburban adolescents.

PMID- 6827424
TI  - Effect of administration technique on bronchodilator response to fenoterol in a
      metered-dose inhaler.

PMID- 6827425
TI  - Reduced theophylline half-life induced by carbamazepine therapy.

PMID- 6827423
TI  - Inhaled salbutamol (albuterol) vs injected epinephrine in the treatment of acute
      asthma in children.
AB  - In a double-blind trial we compared the efficacy and safety of inhaled salbutamol
      (albuterol), nebulized with oxygen by face mask, and subcutaneous epinephrine in
      40 children with acute asthma. No significant difference between salbutamol and
      epinephrine was seen at any time for clinical score, respiratory rate, heart
      rate, blood pressure. PaO2, PaCO2, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, or FEF25-75%. PaO2
      remained unchanged after salbutamol but increased significantly (P less than
      0.05) after epinephrine. No significant difference occurred between the groups
      for repeat treatment, admission on initial visit, return to emergency room,
      admission on return, or total admissions. Significantly (P less than 0.01)
      increased adverse effects were seen within the group given epinephrine. We
      conclude that inhaled nebulized salbutamol and subcutaneous epinephrine are
      equally effective. In view of the lack of adverse effects and noninvasiveness of
      inhaled salbutamol, we recommend its use for the treatment of acute asthma in
      children.

PMID- 6827426
TI  - Acute pediatric theophylline overdose: a summary of 28 cases.

PMID- 6827428
TI  - Quality of therapeutic studies.

PMID- 6827429
TI  - Treatment of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 6827430
TI  - Clonidine: an effective growth hormone-releasing agent.

PMID- 6827431
TI  - Humanization of birthing practices.

PMID- 6827427
TI  - Comparative values of school physical examinations and mass screening tests.
AB  - In this study mass screenings identified more problems than did physical
      examinations, but more problems per 100 contacts were identified by physical
      examinations (51.6) than by screenings (4.7). When time necessary to accomplish
      the evaluation is considered, screenings are a more efficient way of identifying
      problems in the general diagnostic categories for which screenings can be
      provided, but most (85.8%) of the problems identified by physical examination
      were in categories for which screenings are not provided. Overall, 99.1% of the
      problems were identified without overlap between physical examinations and
      screenings. Eighty-three percent of the problems identified by physical
      examinations were previously unknown. By the end of the school year, 86.3% of the
      problems identified by physical examinations and 94.5% of those identified by
      screenings had been or were in the process of being resolved. The integration of
      physical examinations and screenings in a school setting, staffed by nurse
      practitioners supported by physicians, can maximize the identification and
      resolution of health problems.

PMID- 6827432
TI  - Fine structure of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 within lymphocytes and erythrocytes
      of horses: an in vivo and in vitro study.
AB  - The development of Babesia equi (Piroplasmia) in the vertebrate host was studied
      by electron microscopy. The tick-borne sporozoites initiated an exoerythrocytic
      schizogony in lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures the
      schizonts of B. equi lay as fissured bodies directly within the host cell forming
      numerous cytomeres. These cytomeres were bordered by a single membrane and
      contained polymorphous nuclei. Merozoite differentiation was initiated at several
      places by protrusions appearing at the periphery of the cytomeres. The cytoplasm
      of the schizont merged progressively into the young merozoites. The mature
      merozoites were pear-shaped (2.0 X 1.5 microns), bounded by a pellicle and had an
      apical complex without conoid. Numerous merozoites were observed entering
      erythrocytes in vitro. In vivo, lymphocytes containing B. equi schizonts were
      seen in capillaries within lymph nodes from the 12th day onwards after attachment
      of infected ticks. At the same time some erythrocytes were found that contained
      B. equi merozoites. Development of B. equi in the vertebrate host shows many
      similarities to the corresponding development of Theileria parasites. This makes
      a new discussion of the taxonomic position of B. equi necessary.

PMID- 6827436
TI  - Histopathology induced by larval Terranova (Type HA) (Nematoda: anisakinae) in
      experimentally infected rats.
AB  - Terranova Type Hawaii A larvae, gavaged into the stomach of Wistar rats,
      demonstrated the ability to invade the stomach and intestinal tissues of the rat
      without penetrating the serosa. Lesions induced by these third-stage larvae were
      present in 25 of 37 (68%) inoculated rats. Larvae adhered to the mucosa of the
      stomach within 1 hr PI. Mucosal ulceration and acute, focal, hemorrhagic areas in
      the mucosa and submucosa were associated with most worm-penetrations. Reactions
      of inflammatory tissue occurred from 4 hr to 6 days PI and granulomas occurred by
      day 7 PI. Indurated craterlike lesions were noted 10 to 15 days PI. Resolving
      granulomas were present by day 30 PI. Chronic gastric ulcers were observed at day
      30 PI.

PMID- 6827434
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Toxoplasma gondii: pathogenicity and persistence
      in mice.
AB  - Certain temperature-sensitive mutants of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii and a
      "back mutant," all maintained in human fibroblasts, were studied in mice. Most
      mutants gave rise to acute, fatal infections, and after sulfonamide prophylaxis
      rarely persisted as chronic infections in mice. However, the ts-4 strain was
      nonfatal in doses up to 10(3) to 10(5) tachyzoites, elicited high titers of
      antibody, and did not persist beyond 2 mo. No Toxoplasma cysts were found. There
      was no evidence that a febrile reaction of the mice was restrictive, because the
      highest temperatures, 37.9 to 38.4 C, occurred 3 days after infection, whereas
      the organisms were recoverable for 16 to 32 days. Because doses of Toxoplasma,
      survived by 11 of 12 normal BALB/c mice, and by one of five thymic transplanted
      athymic mice, killed six of six athymic mice, it appears that the limited
      persistence of ts-4 is related to the immunologic response.

PMID- 6827435
TI  - Interbreeding and gene flow in the genus Trichinella.
AB  - Breeding experiments between isolates of Trichinella spiralis--Trichinella (pig;
      43 degrees 00'N, 81 degrees 00'W; 1952), Trichinella (polar bear; 58 degrees
      00'N, 95 degrees 00'W; 1976), and Trichinella (wolverine; 55 degrees 00'N, 100
      degrees 00'W; 1979)--and T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis were undertaken. Results
      from breeding experiments differed, such as the inability of the strain isolated
      from pigs and T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis to breed. The pig isolate was
      capable of breeding with both arctic isolates (wolverine and polar bear) and the
      arctic isolates both were capable of breeding with T. spiralis var.
      pseudospiralis. These observations indicated that gene flow occurs between these
      isolates of Trichinella and suggests a latitudinal cline of variants but not
      distinct species. It is hypothesized that T. spiralis consists of a series of
      semispecies or incipient species in various stages of speciation.

PMID- 6827433
TI  - Ultrastructure and function of oviduct-uterine junction in Ascaris suum
      (Nematoda).
AB  - Cells comprising the oviduct-uterine junction of the female reproductive tract in
      Ascaris suum were shown to have a distinctive ultrastructure. The free luminal
      surface of each epithelial cell was bordered by an electron-dense layer that
      measured 90 to 120 nm in thickness and could be removed by treatment with
      pronase. Numerous membrane-bound, filament-containing bodies were present in the
      cytoplasm near the apical margin. These filaments, measuring 6.5 nm in diameter,
      coalesce (or condense) to form a larger coiled, or homogeneous, electron-dense
      substance. These membrane-bound, filament-containing bodies often fused with the
      plasma membrane and released their contents into the lumen. In other instances,
      the filamentous arrangements were not membrane bound and remained within the
      cytoplasm where they formed electron-dense masses adjacent to the plasma
      membrane. Basal infoldings suggestive of water or ion transport occurred in each
      cell. Externally, the cells were bordered by a basement lamina and muscle cells.

PMID- 6827437
TI  - The first case of a human infected with an acanthocephalan parasite, Bolbosoma
      sp.

PMID- 6827441
TI  - Hyperparasitism in Ornithodoros erraticus.
AB  - Hyperparasitism is common in laboratory colonies of Egyptian Ornithodoros
      erraticus whether the ticks are on or off the rodent host. Sex, recent
      engorgement, and size appear to be major factors in this feeding relationship.
      Males, and nymphs that produced males (N-male), parasitized females and nymphs
      that produced females (N-female) more frequently than they parasitized males and
      N-male. Females and N-female seldom parasitized females and N-female and did not
      parasitize males or N-male. Engorging and recently engorged, large ticks
      attracted smaller unfed ones. No preferred attachment site was observed.
      Hyperparasitizing females and parasitized females weighed less, had a longer
      preoviposition period, and produced fewer eggs than normally feeding,
      unparasitized females. About 30% and 80% of the females parasitized by males and
      females, respectively, died within 3 mo; only 7% of unparasitized females died
      within the same period. The proximity of replete or engorging ticks may be
      sufficient stimulus for hyperparasitism. Additional factors may include
      production of an attracting kairomone by fed ticks or the absence under certain
      conditions of a deterrent to hyperparasitism normally produced by fed ticks.
      Borrelia crocidurae spirochetes are transmitted during hyperparasitism.

PMID- 6827440
TI  - Aroapyrgus alleei Morrison, 1946 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) first intermediate
      host of paragonimus mexicanus in Colima, Mexico.
AB  - The lung fluke Paragonimus mexicanus infects opossums in the state of Colima, on
      the Pacific coast of Mexico. Some of the hydrobiid snails occurring in the same
      area, and identified as Aroapyrgus alleei Morrison, 1946, were found naturally
      infected with rediae and cercariae of P. mexicanus. The morphology of A. alleei
      is here described and compared to that of other species of Aroapyrgus, which are
      actual or potential hosts of lung flukes in other enzootic or endemic areas in
      Central and South America.

PMID- 6827442
TI  - Antibodies to Toxoplasma in panamanian mammals.

PMID- 6827444
TI  - Transmission of Naegleria fowleri between mice.

PMID- 6827443
TI  - Babesia bovis: attachment of infected erythrocytes to heparin-sepharose columns.

PMID- 6827439
TI  - Haemaphysalis (Garnhamphysalis) rusae (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): identity, deer and
      pig hosts, and distribution in Luzon and Mindanao.
AB  - Haemaphysalis (Garnhamphysalis) rusae Kohls, previously known only from three
      male ticks from Mindanao, Philippines, is a seldom collected but probably common
      parasite of the Philippine deer, Cervus (Rusa) philippinus, and wild pig, Sus
      celebensis philippensis, in forests of Mindanao and Luzon. A single female taken
      from a wallaby in Papua New Guinea is presumed to result from an introduction
      with the Philippine deer. The male, originally briefly described, is redescribed
      to provide criteria for comparing this species and other members of the subgenus
      Garnhamphysalis. The female and nymph are described for the first time. The male
      H. (G.) rusae and H. (G.) calvus Nuttall and Warburton are structurally quite
      similar, differing only in palpal length:breadth ratio and size of the trochanter
      IV spur. Females differ more widely in the presence (rusae) or absence (calvus)
      of a large retrograde spur extending from the posteroventral margin of palpal
      segment 2. Conversely, qualitative and quantitative structural differences
      between most Haemaphysalis species are greater in males than in females.

PMID- 6827445
TI  - Infectivity of Haemonchus contortus in sheep after freezing for ten years over
      liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 6827438
TI  - Coccidia from kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) in the western United States, Baja
      California, and northern Mexico with descriptions of Eimeria merriami sp. n. and
      Isospora sp.

PMID- 6827448
TI  - Induction of immunity by transcolostrally-passed Strongyloides ransomi larvae in
      neonatal pigs.
AB  - Earlier studies had suggested that neonatal pigs that acquire infections of
      Strongyloides ransomi via the sow's milk fail to expel intestinal worms normally.
      Adult worm recoveries were compared from the intestines of normal and
      transcolostrally-infected neonatal pigs after a subcutaneous challenge
      inoculation of third-stage larve (L3) to determine whether a direct intestinal
      infection (via sow's colostrum) might affect resistance. Additionally,
      transcolostrally-infected pigs that had received an additional subcutaneous
      inoculation of L3 were reinoculated with L3, and the adult worm recoveries were
      compared to those of pigs immunized with only one subcutaneous inoculation of L3
      to determine the effect of initial transcolostral infection on the development of
      protective immunity by this established procedure. The results showed that
      intestinal worms obtained transcolostrally can induce high resistance in pigs to
      reinfection by S. ransomi, and they do not affect the enhancement of protective
      immunity by a subcutaneous inoculation of L3. However, peripheral blood
      lymphocytes obtained from transcolostrally-infected pigs did not respond to
      larval antigens in vitro until after a subsequent subcutaneous inoculation of L3.

PMID- 6827446
TI  - Live and killed vaccines against toxoplasmosis in mice.
AB  - Mice were immunized with live organisms of the different stages (i.e.,
      tachyzoites, bradyzoites, or sporozoites) of Toxoplasma gondii, or with killed
      tachyzoites with or without adjuvants. The adjuvants used were liposomes,
      anhydrides of myristic or lauric acid, levamisole and Freund's complete or
      incomplete adjuvant. The following strains of T. gondii were used: RH, M-7741,
      the nonpersisting, temperature-sensitive mutants ts-1, ts-4, or ts-5, and the
      "back mutant" of ts-1 (Pfefferkorn and Pfefferkorn, 1976). The protection
      afforded was measured by challenge with the pathogenic M-7741 strain. Killed
      tachyzoites alone, or with adjuvants, offered only slight protection against
      challenge with M-7741 and no protection against challenge doses that were lethal
      to all control mice. Chronic infection and live nonpersisting vaccines conveyed a
      strong immunity to challenge, except strain ts-1. Because it was less pathogenic
      and did not require chemoprophylaxis, strain ts-4 best fulfilled the requirements
      for a good vaccine; its effect in hosts other than the mouse remains to be
      determined. The immunity induced by tachyzoites, bradyzoites, or sporozoites
      appeared equally strong when challenged with sporozoites.

PMID- 6827447
TI  - Mucosal mast cell reconstitution and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis rejection by
      W/Wv mice.
AB  - The ability of congenitally mast cell-deficient W/Wv anemic mice and mast cell
      reconstituted W/Wv mice to reject the intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis was examined. The W/Wv mice were deficient in connective tissue mast
      cells and mucosal mast cells and, unlike normal mice, did not accumulate
      intestinal mucosal mast cells in response to N. brasiliensis infection. They had
      higher peak egg counts than did normal littermates and were slower than
      littermates to reject the parasites. Reconstitution with bone marrow or spleen
      cells repaired both the connective tissue and mucosal mast cell defects in W/Wv
      mice but did not alter the time of parasite rejection or decrease the high peak
      egg counts. These results indicate that mucosal mast cells that accumulate in the
      small intestine in response to parasite infection may not be functionally
      involved in the rejection mechanism.

PMID- 6827449
TI  - Effects of preintestinal larval antigenic stimuli on the generation of intestinal
      immunity in Strongyloides ratti infection in rats.
AB  - Generation of intestinal immunity by antigenic stimulation with preintestinal,
      tissue-migrating larvae was investigated in the Strongyloides ratti-rat model.
      The results of daily fecal egg counts showed that the intestinal immunity against
      adult worms could be partially generated by priming with preintestinal migrating
      larvae. A further study demonstrated that this partial reduction of daily fecal
      egg count was mainly the result of inhibitory effects on the fecundity of the
      parasitic females, although the expulsion of the parasite from the gut could be
      advanced by several days. After tertiary immunization with preintestinal larvae,
      no significant potentiation in the protection was observed when compared with the
      rats treated by primary immunization alone.

PMID- 6827450
TI  - Immunization with infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda) exposed to
      microwave radiation.
AB  - Microwaves have not been tested previously for possible application in producing
      immunogenic preparations of parasites. This study examines the immunizing
      capacity of microwave-irradiated, infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti in
      rats. Rats were inoculated subcutaneously with untreated, microwaved, or
      microwaved and homogenized larvae, or distilled water, and challenged with
      untreated larvae. Data were collected on egg production and worm number/rat
      during primary infections and on egg production, worm number/rat, worm size, and
      eggs in utero/worm following challenge. Our results demonstrated that microwaved,
      infective larvae (intact or homogenized) of S. ratti were immunogenic for rats,
      even though they were incapable of reaching the intestine and maturing to adult
      worms. The immunity elicited by exposure to microwaved larvae was characterized
      on challenge by a significant reduction in the number of eggs produced/worm, by
      the formation of perioral plugs, and by reductions in worm numbers and size.
      These results suggest that microwave radiation may provide a valuable new tool
      for parasitic vaccine production. In addition, we have demonstrated the
      occurrence of a feature of the immune response of rats to S. ratti that may have
      been overlooked previously; i.e., a gut-level response that was elicited by
      larvae, but manifested against adult worms in the intestine.

PMID- 6827451
TI  - Effect of anti-eosinophil serum on phospholipase B activity in mice infected with
      Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - Anti-eosinophil serum (AES) was administered to mice infected with 400
      Trichinella spiralis larvae and its effect on peripheral eosinophilia and
      intestinal phospholipase B activity was assayed. The AES caused a significant,
      temporally related, suppression in both peripheral eosinophilia and phospholipase
      B activity when compared to responses found in infected mice given normal rabbit
      serum. The findings support the hypothesis that a parasite-induced eosinophilia
      is the source of elevated phospholipase B activity present in parasitized
      tissues.

PMID- 6827452
TI  - "Hidden observer" phenomena in hypnosis: an experimental creation?
AB  - Spanos and Hewitt (1980) have recently argued, on the basis of an experiment they
      report, that Hilgard's "hidden observer" phenomenon is pure laboratory artifact.
      This report reviews their claim and concludes on the following grounds that their
      experiment does not warrant so sweeping a conclusion: (a) Spanos and Hewitt have
      posed the issue as fact versus fiction and do not appear to be aware of a third
      alternative, namely, that the hidden observer effect is a phenomenon encountered
      in hypnosis that may be influenced both by demand characteristics and by the
      social-psychological context. (b) They appear to obtain the effect 100% of the
      time, unlike Hilgard, who has emphasized the phenomenon's differential incidence.
      (c) In contrast to Hilgard, who furnishes abundant verbal reports of his
      subjects' phenomenal experience as buttressing evidence for the "genuineness" of
      the effect in subjects who report having it, Spanos and Hewitt do not. (d) Two
      major procedural aspects of their experiment are discussed. Either or both may
      have inadvertently influenced the outcome of their experiment in the direction of
      their hypothesis that the responses of subjects are entirely the product of
      experimenter-induced expectations.

PMID- 6827453
TI  - The hidden observer as an experimental creation.
AB  - Laurence, Perry, and Kihlstrom appear to have misunderstood the theoretical
      positions advanced both by Hilgard and by Spanos and Hewitt. All of their
      criticisms of Spanos and Hewitt's "hidden observer" experiment are shown to be
      either misleading or invalid. The available data provide no support for a
      dissociation hypothesis of the hidden observer phenomenon. On the other hand,
      these data indicate strongly that this phenomenon is an experimental creation.

PMID- 6827455
TI  - Reactance and the coronary-prone behavior pattern: the role of self-attribution
      in responses to reduced behavioral freedom.
AB  - An experiment is reported that explored the role of self-attributional
      differences as mediators of reactions to threats to control in Type A and Type B
      individuals. Both Type A and Type B subjects were placed in a choice elimination
      reactance paradigm. In addition to the standard control and choice elimination
      conditions, subjects were induced to attribute having a choice among evaluated
      items either to themselves or to the situation prior to experiencing the
      elimination of choice. Reactance was measured by the subjects' reevaluations of
      the eliminated choice alternative. Results indicated that when a behavioral
      freedom is blocked, without manipulating attributions, only Type As experienced
      reactance. When subjects were induced to attribute having a choice to themselves,
      the magnitude of the reactance responses increased for both Type As and Type Bs.
      In contrast, when Type As and Type Bs were induced to attribute having choice to
      the situation, neither group reacted to the loss of choice. These results are
      integrated with previous findings on the coronary-prone behavior pattern.

PMID- 6827456
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for the new antiarrhythmic agent cibenzoline in human plasma.

PMID- 6827454
TI  - Cognitive characteristics of the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern.
AB  - Recent findings indicate that Type As attend more to tasks defined as central,
      and less to tasks defined as peripheral, than do Type Bs. If this A-B difference
      in allocation of attention occurs naturally, as well as in response to
      experimental instructions, it would have implications for other phenomena, such
      as the process of creating a category from a series of perceptual events. It was
      reasoned that across a series of acquisition stimuli, Type As, compared to Type
      Bs, would be more responsive to the development of central tendencies in the
      frequency of appearance of the attributes that comprise the stimuli. That is,
      Type As should be more attentive to frequently occurring attributes (by virtue of
      their centrality in the evolving category definition) and less attentive to
      rarely occurring attributes. This difference in attention should lead to a
      difference in encoding. On a subsequent recognition-memory task, then, Type As
      should report with greater certainty than Type Bs that they had seen stimuli
      composed of frequently observed attributes and should report with greater
      certainty that they had not seen stimuli composed of rarely observed attributes.
      In a test of this reasoning, students classified as As and Bs completed a concept
      formation and recognition-memory task under one of four levels of situational
      challenge. The predicted patterns occurred among subjects in whom moderate and
      high levels of challenge had been induced. The findings thus support the
      arguments that As and Bs process information differently and that this processing
      difference must be elicited by situational challenge.

PMID- 6827460
TI  - Radiolytic degradation scheme for 60Co-irradiated corticosteroids.
AB  - The cobalt 60 radiolytic degradation products have been identified in the
      following corticosteroids: cortisone, cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone,
      hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, isoflupredone acetate,
      methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone acetate, prednisolone, prednisolone
      acetate, and prednisone. Two major types of degradation processes have been
      identified: loss of the corticoid side chain on the D-ring to produce the C-17
      ketone and conversion of the C-11 alcohol, if present, to the C-11 ketone. Minor
      degradation products derived from other changes affecting the side chain are also
      identified in several corticosteroids. These compounds are frequently associated
      in corticosteroids as process impurities or degradation compounds. No new
      radiolytic compounds unique to 60Co-irradiation have been found. The majority of
      corticosteroids have been shown to be stable to 60Co-irradiation. The rates of
      radiolytic degradation ranged from 0.2 to 1.4%/Mrad.

PMID- 6827457
TI  - Diffusion of phenol in the presence of a complexing agent, tetrahydrofuran.
AB  - The effect of a complexing agent, tetrahydrofuran, on the diffusion of phenol
      across a stagnant fluid layer has been studied. At a given activity of free
      phenol, the steady-state flux of phenol appearing in an acceptor phase was
      greatly enhanced. However, as the fraction of phenol associated with the
      complexing agent increased, the flux of phenol decreased, since the transport was
      then controlled by the diffusion of the complex, a larger structure. A
      mathematical model of simultaneous association and diffusion was derived to
      determine whether the diffusional behavior of two associating species could be
      accounted for in terms of the association equilibrium constant and Fick's second
      law. Experimental results supported the model. It was concluded that the presence
      of a complexing agent tends to reduce the rate of diffusion, the effect being
      more pronounced at high concentrations of complexing agent.

PMID- 6827459
TI  - Morphine radioimmunoassay specificity before and after extraction of plasma and
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6827461
TI  - Difficulties in applying the Scatchard model of ligand binding to proteins-
      proposal of new mathematical tools--application to salicylates.
AB  - Ill-considered use of the Scatchard model often leads to unjustified deductions.
      Since the main difficulty of this model is its number of parameters, new models
      are proposed that have only two parameters. After checking the models on
      simulated data, they were applied to real data on the binding of salicylates to
      albumin.

PMID- 6827458
TI  - Zero-order controlled-release polymer matrices for micro- and macromolecules.
AB  - Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that a hemispheric polymer-drug
      matrix laminated with an impermeable coating, except for an exposed cavity in the
      center face, can be used to achieve zero-order release kinetics. Hemispheric
      systems for low molecular weight drugs were prepared by heating and compressing
      polyethylene and drug (sodium salicylate) in a brass mold. Hemispheric systems
      for high molecular weight drugs were prepared by casting ethylene-vinyl acetate
      copolymer and protein in a hemispheric mold at -80 degrees, followed by a two
      step drying procedure (-20 and 20 degrees). In both systems, cavities were made
      in the center face of the hemispheres and the remainder of the matrices coated
      with an impermeable material. Zero-order release for 60 days at a rate of 0.5
      mg/day was achieved from polymer matrices containing bovine serum albumin (mol.
      wt. 68,000).

PMID- 6827462
TI  - Evaluation of basket and paddle dissolution methods using different performance
      standards.
AB  - Dissolution studies using both basket and paddle methods were carried out to
      evaluate two prednisone standards. Results of the experiments showed that the USP
      prednisone calibrator is sensitive to perturbations by the basket method but not
      to perturbations by the paddle method. However, the National Center for Drug
      Analysis (NCDA) prednisone performance standard is sensitive to perturbations by
      the paddle method but not to perturbations by the basket method. These results
      suggest that no single standard can predict the suitability of the dissolution
      equipment by the basket and paddle methods.

PMID- 6827463
TI  - Potential broad spectrum anthelmintics IV: design, synthesis, and antiparasitic
      screening of certain 3,6-disubstituted-(7H)-s-triazolo-[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine
      derivatives.

PMID- 6827464
TI  - Influence of environment and substituents on the stability of the radical cations
      of several phenothiazine derivatives.

PMID- 6827468
TI  - In vitro adsorption of phenobarbital onto activated charcoal.

PMID- 6827465
TI  - Simultaneous stability-indicating determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride,
      phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and guaifenesin in dosage forms by reversed
      phase paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6827466
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alizapride, a new
      antiemetic compound, and its application to a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic
      study.
AB  - An assay was developed to measure alizapride (a new antiemetic compound) in
      biological specimens. The method involved reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography and fluorescence detection. The detection limit was 5 ng/ml in
      plasma or urine samples. The value of the assay was demonstrated with a dose
      dependent pharmacokinetic study. It showed a two-phase decrease in plasma
      concentrations, after intravenous injection, with half-lives of 7.5-min and 2.5
      hr, respectively. From plasma and urine results, pharmacokinetic parameters
      remained constant in the dose range of 50-200 mg.

PMID- 6827467
TI  - Hydration and percutaneous absorption IV: influence of hydration on n-alkanol
      permeation through rat skin; comparison with hairless and Swiss mice.
AB  - The effect of protracted aqueous contact of rat skin on its permeability to
      methanol, n-butanol, and n-hexanol was investigated. With the aid of small
      diffusion cells, sets of intermittent permeation experiments, each approximately
      7 hr in duration, were performed on excised rat skin sections over periods
      lasting several days, and permeability coefficients were calculated as a function
      of the duration of the hydration. The permeability coefficient of methanol
      increased gradually to an asymptote 2.5 times higher than the initial value over
      the first 80 hr of immersion and then remained essentially invariant through an
      additional 70 hr. In contrast, the butanol permeability coefficient increased by
      only a small fraction (approximately 25%) through the first 5 hr of hydration,
      and it remained at the higher value through to the end of the experiment at 80
      hr. For more hydrophobic hexanol, the permeability coefficient increased by
      approximately 40% over the first 10 hr and then declined, returning to near the
      initial value by the second day. It was relatively constant past this point--up
      to 150 hr. When these data were compared with similarly obtained data from
      earlier studies involving two strains of mice, the Swiss mouse and a hairless
      mouse mutant, parallelism was noted in the behavior of the rat and Swiss mouse
      skins, which set them both apart from the behavior of the skin of the hairless
      mouse. The comparison suggests that, irrespective of animal species, the
      development of a thick coat of hair occurs with commensurate functional changes
      in the chemical barrier properties of the epidermis.

PMID- 6827470
TI  - Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some 2-methyl-3-phenylcarbamoyl-2,3
      diazabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptanes.

PMID- 6827471
TI  - A new method for assaying propantheline and its degradation product, xanthene-9
      carboxylic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6827469
TI  - Microbial metabolism studies on the major microbial and mammalian metabolite of
      primaquine.

PMID- 6827472
TI  - Assessment of 75/75 rule: FDA viewpoint.

PMID- 6827473
TI  - Effects of anesthetics and electrical stimulation on nigrostriatal dopaminergic
      neurons.
AB  - Induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), urethane (1.8 g/kg),
      chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg) or ketamine (150 mg/kg) followed by a 20-min sham
      implantation of a bipolar electrode in substantia nigra fibers caused a marked,
      ipsilateral increase in caudate dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC). Conversely,
      no sham stimulation was found after gamma-butyrolactone (500 mg/kg) anesthesia or
      in a paralyzed, artificially respired preparation. By using gamma-butyrolactone
      anesthesia, the nigrostriatal fibers were electrically stimulated (25 Hz, 1.5
      msec duration) at differing current intensities (40, 80, 100, 120 and 180
      microA). The maximum increase in caudate DOPAC occurred at 120 microA. Electrical
      stimulation (100 microA, 25 Hz, 1.5 msec duration) in the paralyzed preparation
      yielded similar increases in caudate DOPAC. By using a 50% effective current (100
      microA), variation of the frequency (5, 10, 25 and 125 Hz) produced a maximum in
      caudate DOPAC at 10 Hz. These data reveal an interaction between many anesthetics
      and physical disruption of dopaminergic neurons, as well as provide an in vivo
      model of stimulus-dependent dopamine release.

PMID- 6827474
TI  - Failure of naloxone to reduce clonidine-induced changes in blood pressure, heart
      rate and sympathetic nerve firing in cats.
AB  - An endogenous opiate mechanism may be involved in mediating the hypotensive
      effects of clonidine. In the cat anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, the effect
      of naloxone pretreatment on the lowering of blood pressure, heart rate and
      sympathetic nerve activity produced by increasing bolus i.c.v. injections of
      clonidine was studied. Central injections of clonidine (1-32 micrograms at 30-min
      intervals) decreased blood pressure, heart rate and renal nerve discharge in a
      dose-related manner. Effects on carotid sinus nerve activity were variable.
      Pretreatment with naloxone (3.2 mg x kg-1 i.v. or 1 mg i.c.v.) did not prevent
      the clonidine-induced reduction in blood pressure, heart rate and renal nerve
      activity. In some instances, the average blood pressure lowering responses to
      clonidine were greater in cats pretreated with naloxone compared with saline
      pretreated animals. Changes in carotid sinus nerve activity were variable after
      clonidine in cats pretreated with i.v. naloxone. In contrast, sinus nerve
      activity decreased significantly after clonidine in cats pretreated with i.c.v.
      naloxone. Additional postclonidine naloxone injections (3.2 mg x kg-1 i.v. in all
      cats followed by 100 micrograms i.c.v. in the saline- and i.v. naloxone
      pretreatment groups) also failed to consistently reverse the clonidine-induced
      changes in blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. The results
      suggest that clonidine reduces blood pressure, heart rate and efferent
      sympathetic nerve firing in anesthetized normotensive cats by a mechanism
      independent of an opiate receptor interaction within the central nervous system.

PMID- 6827475
TI  - Differential effect of cimetidine on drug oxidation (antipyrine and diazepam) vs.
      conjugation (acetaminophen and lorazepam): prevention of acetaminophen toxicity
      by cimetidine.
AB  - Fourteen healthy volunteers received a single i.v. dose of antipyrine (1.2 g) on
      two occasions, once before and once during cimetidine treatment (300 mg every 6
      hr). In a similar manner, 8 subjects received diazepam (10 mg), 11 subjects
      received acetaminophen (650 mg) and 8 subjects received lorazepam (2 mg), all by
      the i.v. route, once before and once during cimetidine coadministration.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated increased antipyrine elimination T1/2 during
      cimetidine treatment (16.7 vs. 10.9 hr; P less than .001) on the basis of
      decreased total metabolic clearance (0.46 vs. 0.72 ml/min/kg; P less than .001).
      Likewise, diazepam T1/2 was increased (58 vs. 39 hr; P less than .01) during
      cimetidine treatment due to decreased total metabolic clearance (0.42 vs. 0.30
      ml/min/kg; P less than .01). In contrast, cimetidine did not alter T1/2 or the
      clearance of lorazepam (T1/2, 16.8 vs. 15.3 hr; clearance, 1.03 vs 1.07
      ml/min/kg) or acetaminophen (T1/2, 2.66 vs. 2.60 hr; clearance, 4.8 vs. 4.5
      ml/min/kg), both drugs which undergo conjugative biotransformation. In an animal
      model used to assess the effect of cimetidine on acetaminophen toxicity, the LD50
      of acetaminophen alone in Charles River CD-1 mice was 480 mg/kg (95% confidence
      interval: 436-528 mg/kg). With simultaneous 75 mg/kg of cimetidine treatment, the
      LD50 for acetaminophen was significantly increased (P less than .05) to 1020
      mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 962-1081 mg/kg). Thus, cimetidine slows the
      metabolic clearance of antipyrine and diazepam, drugs biotransformed by hepatic
      oxidation, but does not alter the kinetics of acetaminophen or lorazepam, both
      metabolized by conjugation. Cimetidine may decrease the toxicity of high-dose
      acetaminophen by preventing formation of the hepatotoxic oxidative metabolites,
      although having no effect on conjugation of acetaminophen which yields nontoxic
      metabolites that are subsequently cleared from the body.

PMID- 6827476
TI  - Effects of piperonyl butoxide on cephalosporin nephrotoxicity in the rabbit. An
      effect on cephaloridine transport.
AB  - To evaluate the hypothesis that cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase (MFO)
      activity may have a causal role in the production of cephalosporin
      nephrotoxicity, the effects of the MFO inhibitors cobaltous chloride and
      piperonyl butoxide on the nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine in the rabbit were
      examined. Although cobaltous chloride had no effect on cephaloridine
      nephrotoxicity, piperonyl butoxide had a significant protective effect. However,
      in correlated studies of the effects on the renal cortical uptake and
      disappearance of cephaloridine, it was found that piperonyl butoxide
      significantly reduces (by 50%) the cortical concentrations of the cephalosporin,
      both decreasing its uptake by and increasing its disappearance from tubular
      cells. Finally, we evaluated the effect of piperonyl butoxide on the
      nephrotoxicity of cephaloglycin, a more toxic cephalosporin that lacks the
      thiophene side-ring proposed as the target of MFO activation in earlier studies
      with cephaloridine. No protection against cephaloglycin was found. It is
      concluded that these inhibitors of MFO activity do not reduce cephalosporin
      nephrotoxicity in general, and that the reduction of cephaloridine toxicity by
      piperonyl butoxide can be explained by an effect on the intracellular
      concentrations of that particular cephalosporin.

PMID- 6827477
TI  - Effect of external cardiopulmonary resuscitation on lidocaine pharmacokinetics in
      dogs.
AB  - Lidocaine pharmacokinetics were studied in five fibrillated dogs undergoing
      external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and five comparable control dogs.
      All animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and their
      electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure and carotid
      blood flow were monitored continuously. All dogs received a 2 mg/kg i.v. bolus
      dose of lidocaine. Multiple blood samples from venous, arterial, left ventricular
      and right atrial sites were obtained for determination of blood lidocaine
      concentration. At 60 min, the dogs were sacrificed. Lung, liver, kidney, brain,
      skeletal muscle and heart tissue samples were collected. There were dramatic
      differences between the control and CPR groups in arterial pressure, left
      ventricular pressure and carotid blood flow. In the CPR dogs, lidocaine blood
      concentrations for the entire 60 min were significantly higher than the control
      dogs and lidocaine clearance was reduced at least by 8-fold. A comparison of
      extraction ratios across skeletal muscle demonstrated that the phase of tissue
      uptake was prolonged in the CPR group. In each of the tissue samples,
      significantly higher tissue concentrations were observed in the CPR group. The
      results of our study show that lidocaine disposition is greatly altered during
      CPR and this is most likely due to a tremendous reduction of cardiac output and
      blood flow during CPR.

PMID- 6827478
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase-dependent acetaldehyde metabolism in periportal and
      pericentral regions of the perfused rat liver.
AB  - NADH fluorescence (366 leads to 450 nm) was measured with a large tipped light
      guide from the surface of rat liver perfused with hemoglobin-free medium without
      recirculation. A good correlation (r = 0.93) was found between the increase in
      NADH fluorescence and the rate of oxidation of infused acetaldehyde (0.1-4.0 mM).
      By using microlight guides placed on either periportal or pericentral areas of
      the liver, it was found that infusion of acetaldehyde increased NADH fluorescence
      first in periportal regions and then in pericentral areas. During retrograde
      perfusions, NADH fluorescence in pericentral areas increased before portal areas.
      By using the correlation between the increase in NADH fluorescence and the rate
      of acetaldehyde uptake established with the large light guide, rates of
      acetaldehyde uptake in pericentral and periportal areas were estimated from the
      microlight guide measurement of the periportal and pericentral NADH fluorescence
      increments caused by acetaldehyde infusions. Half-maximal acetaldehyde uptake was
      observed at about 0.8 mM in both regions. Maximal rates of acetaldehyde uptake
      were 212 and 197 mumol/g/hr in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively.
      The results indicate that rates of aldehyde dehydrogenase-dependent acetaldehyde
      oxidation are similar in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule.

PMID- 6827479
TI  - Therapeutic and adjunctive applications of an imidazoline anti-inflammatory
      agent.
AB  - A unique combination of anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities is
      described for 2-(2 methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline (CDMI). CDMI
      administered i.p. produced a dose-related decrease in aspirin-induced ulcers
      which persisted even in the presence of exogenously added HCI. The carrageenin
      edema reducing activities of i.p. CDMI and p.o. aspirin were additive. When oral
      CDMI was combined with oral aspirin or oral indomethacin, the combinations also
      resulted in additive anti-inflammatory activities (80 and 94% vs. 52% for CDMI,
      62% for aspirin and 71% for indomethacin alone). Moreover, gastric ulcerogenicity
      was reduced by 92% when either aspirin or indomethacin was combined with CDMI.
      These results indicate that CDMI and related compounds deserve further study as
      adjuncts to increase the margin of safety of currently used nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory agents. CDMI was also tested against a developing acute inflammatory
      reaction. When administered at 2 hr post carrageenin, CDMI was as effective as
      when it was administered 30 min before the carrageenin. These results are
      discussed as a possible reflection of an action on the lipoxygenase pathways of
      the arachidonic acid cascade that is not shared by the classical nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 6827481
TI  - Pharmacological analysis of norepinephrine responses in rabbit pulmonary blood
      vessels.
AB  - Drug effects were examined on cumulative norepinephrine (NE) concentration
      response curves in ring segments of right extrapulmonary artery, intrapulmonary
      artery (IPA) and intrapulmonary vein (IPV) isolated from rabbit lung.
      Phentolamine (0.1 and 1.0 microM) caused concentration-dependent nonparallel
      rightward shifts in NE concentration-response curves and decreased maximal
      tension development in IPA by as much as 84%. Propranolol (3 microM)
      significantly increased the maximal developed tension to NE in IPA and IPV by 49
      and 27%, respectively, and also abolished the relaxation response to higher (10(
      6) to 10(-4) M) concentrations of NE observed in control experiments. These data
      suggested that responses of pulmonary vessels to NE, in particular IPA and IPV,
      consisted of an initial contractile response (alpha adrenergic receptor mediated)
      followed by beta adrenergic receptor-mediated relaxation which functionally
      opposed the contractile response to NE. Contractile response to high
      concentrations of NE (greater than 10(-4) M) were unaffected. Inhibition of
      neuronal uptake of NE by cocaine (10 microM) significantly potentiated NE
      contractile response in right extrapulmonary artery, IPA and IPV. Inhibition of
      extraneuronal uptake of NE by hydrocortisone (30 microM) or monoamine oxidase
      inhibition by harmaline (1 microM) did not alter contractile response to NE.
      Although the catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibitor U-0521 (100 microM) also
      failed to potentiate NE contractile effects, this drug significantly decreased
      the initial contractile response to low concentrations of NE and greatly
      attenuated contractile responses to high concentrations of NE (greater than 10(
      4) M) in IPA and IPV. These results indicate that rabbit intrapulmonary vessels
      show enhanced beta adrenergic receptor-mediated effects when compared with
      extrapulmonary vessels.

PMID- 6827480
TI  - Potassium chloride- and norepinephrine-induced contractile responses in rabbit
      pulmonary blood vessels.
AB  - Responses to KCl and norepinephrine (NE) were examined with ring segments of
      right extrapulmonary artery, intrapulmonary artery and intrapulmonary vein
      isolated from rabbit lung. From concentration-response curves to KCl, optimal
      applied loads were determined to be 5 g for right extrapulmonary artery and
      intrapulmonary artery and 500 mg for intrapulmonary vein. Both individual and
      cumulative concentration-response curves to KCI and NE were performed. All gave
      reproducible results; however, tissues were more sensitive to cumulative addition
      of either contractile agent. Of three successive cumulative NE concentration
      response curves, second and third curves were most reproducible in relation to
      both sensitivity to NE and maximal force development. Cumulative NE concentration
      response curves also exhibited a triphasic pattern, consisting of an initial
      contractile response (10(-10) to 10(-6) M NE) followed by relaxation or reversal
      of contractile force development (10(-6) to 10(-4) M NE), then a second
      contractile response at concentrations of NE greater than 10(-4) M. This response
      pattern was most prominent in intrapulmonary vessels and was absent in rabbit
      aorta.

PMID- 6827482
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial function is not the diuretic mechanism of ethacrynic
      acid in the dog.
AB  - Kidney metabolites were studied in five anesthetized dogs before and after 5
      mg/kg i.v. of ethacrynic acid, followed by 3 mg X kg-1 X hr-1. This dose, which
      inhibits most of the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the diluting segment,
      improved the energy state in biopsies from the outer medulla and caused an
      increase in ATP and a decrease in ADP and AMP levels and the lactate/pyruvate
      ratio. This was probably related to ongoing rapid metabolism in the control
      biopsies (with improved results after ethacrynic acid due to a primary reduction
      in an ATP requiring process) before they were completely frozen in liquid
      nitrogen. No changes occurred in ATP, ADP or phosphocreatine levels or the
      lactate/pyruvate ratio in cortical biopsies, which was in agreement with the
      previously shown lack of effect on proximal tubular reabsorption at this dosage
      of ethacrynic acid. These results indicate that the saluretic effect and parallel
      reduction in outer medullary metabolic rate with ethacrynic acid cannot be due to
      a direct inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production as suggested by others from
      in vitro experiments. The reduced rate of ATP production in vivo must be
      secondary to a reduced ATP demand.

PMID- 6827483
TI  - Myocardial disposition of amiodarone in the dog.
AB  - The time course of myocardial uptake and disposition of amiodarone was studied
      after both acute i.v. and chronic oral administration. In addition, the
      myocardial disposition of a metabolite, N-desethylamiodarone, was studied after
      chronic oral amiodarone administration. After i.v. administration, the plasma
      concentrations of amiodarone fell rapidly; however, peak myocardial
      concentrations were not observed until 10 to 30 min after administration.
      Amiodarone was highly concentrated in the myocardium; the average (+/- S.D.)
      myocardial/plasma concentration ratio between 2 and 6 hr after administration was
      89 +/- 32. Although there was significant interanimal variability, there was
      relative consistency over time in the ratio for each dog during this time period.
      Although no metabolite (N-desethylamiodarone) was detected in the plasma after
      the single i.v. dose, it was present in both plasma and myocardial samples after
      chronic oral therapy. Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of amiodarone and N
      desethylamiodarone ranged from 0.62 to 1.63 micrograms/ml and 0.19 to 0.43
      micrograms/ml, respectively. These studies show that the myocardial disposition
      kinetics of amiodarone are different from other drugs studied and both amiodarone
      and its N-desethyl metabolite accumulate extensively in the myocardium.

PMID- 6827484
TI  - Changes in histamine synthetic activity, histamine content and responsiveness to
      compound 48/80 with maturation of rat peritoneal mast cells.
AB  - Intact rat peritoneal mast cells were separated by elutriation into fractions
      differing in cell size, the smallest cells (less than 12 microns) exhibited high
      histamine synthetic activity (200-300 pmol of histidine decarboxylated per
      hr/10(6) cells) and contained little histamine (less than 2 pg/cell). With
      increasing cell size, histamine synthetic activity diminished to less than 20
      pmol/hr/10(6) cells and histamine content increased to greater than 12 pg/mast
      cell. A gradation in histamine release in response to Compound 48/80 was also
      observed; small mast cells were resistant, those of intermediate size (12-13
      microns diameter) were partially responsive and large mast cells (14-17 microns)
      were fully responsive to Compound 48/80. These changes were related to the state
      of maturity of the mast cells as indicated by their histochemical reactions to
      Alcian blue and safranin, which stain nonsulfated heparin precursors and heparin,
      respectively. Fractions of small mast cells were predominantly immature cells (70
      85% of the cells were Stage I) with few granules, whereas fractions of large
      cells contained mostly mature cells (greater than 80% Stages III and IV) with
      numerous heparin-containing granules. Fractions in between contained mast cells
      at intermediate stages (Stages II and III) of development. Degenerative changes,
      namely decreased viability and diminished responsiveness to Compound 48/80, were
      evident, however, in fractions of the largest cells (greater than 17 microns).
      This and other work indicate that, even in adult rats, peritoneal mast cells are
      heterogeneous and can be separated on the basis of size into subpopulations that
      differ markedly in histamine content, histamine synthetic activity and ability to
      release histamine in response to Compound 48/80.

PMID- 6827487
TI  - Normal and retrograde perfusion to probe the zonal distribution of sulfation and
      glucuronidation activities of harmol in the perfused rat liver preparation.
AB  - The role of zonal distributions of metabolic activities (sulfation and
      glucuronidation) in the liver on the kinetics of harmol conjugation was
      investigated. A computer simulation approach was adopted to better understand the
      effects of distributions of these conjugation activities in competition for a
      common drug substrate. Several distributions of the sulfation and glucuronidation
      systems were defined with respect to the flow path of blood; the conjugation
      activities along the flow path were in turn translated as time elapsed after
      entry of the substrate via blood into the organ. Realistic values of Km and Vmax
      for the sulfation and glucuronidation systems were assigned in the simulations.
      Directional flow, namely, normal vs. retrograde delivery of substrate was used as
      an additional variable. When the "center" of distribution of the sulfation system
      was anterior to that for glucuronidation, the steady-state hepatic extraction
      ratio of harmol (E) would increase, whereas the ratio of the steady-state rates
      of formation of harmol sulfate to harmol glucuronide (S/G ratio) would decrease
      when harmol was presented in a reversed direction (via retrograde perfusion), as
      compared with normal directional flow to the liver. The converse was true for an
      anterior distribution of the glucuronidation system; E would decrease, whereas
      S/G would increase with retrograde perfusion. To evaluate such zonal differences
      experimentally, perfusion studies were conducted in livers of male Wistar rats. A
      constant concentration of harmol (50 microM) was delivered under constant hepatic
      flow rate (10 ml/min/liver) by normal and retrograde perfusions to the same rat
      liver preparation. The steady-state hepatic E was higher (P less than .005)
      during retrograde perfusion than during normal perfusion, whereas the S/G ratio
      was significantly decreased (P less than .0005). The observations suggest an
      intercellular difference in the distribution of the two conjugating systems and
      are consistent with the view of the center of distribution for the sulfation
      system being anterior to the center of distribution for the glucuronidation
      system along the normal flow path of blood in the liver.

PMID- 6827486
TI  - Enkephalins modulate [3H]dopamine release from rabbit retina in vitro.

PMID- 6827485
TI  - Chronic sulpiride treatment produces supersensitivity of striatal adenylate
      cyclase to dopamine in sexually immature or adult castrated rats.
AB  - Sulpiride, a substituted benzamide antipsychotic drug, is considered to be a
      selective antagonist at dopamine D-2 receptors, largely because it does not
      inhibit dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. It was found that
      sulpiride in vitro can block dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in
      rat striatum from sexually immature or adult castrated male rats. Chronic
      treatment with sulpiride (20 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 15 days) resulted in
      supersensitivity of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in striatum
      from sexually immature (3-4 weeks old) as well as adult castrated rats. The
      apparent Ka was decreased 4-fold in the sulpiride-treated animals, whereas the
      apparent Vmax remained unchanged. This treatment did not alter dopamine
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the striatum from adult male rats. Acute
      treatment with sulpiride was slightly inhibitory to dopamine-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase in striatum from the immature rat, suggesting that the supersensitivity
      after repeated injections could be a compensatory increase. In in vitro studies
      it was found that sulpiride at nanomolar levels could inhibit the ability of low
      concentrations of dopamine to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in striatal
      particulate fractions from sexually immature or adult castrated rats. Sulpiride
      did not affect dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the adult rat striatum.
      Our results indicate that sulpiride can affect dopamine-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity in animals that are lacking testosterone, or perhaps estrogen.
      This suggests that sex hormones could regulate the sensitivity and
      pharmacological profile of dopamine receptors for their ligands.

PMID- 6827488
TI  - Alterations in muscarinic cholinergic receptors after preganglionic denervation
      of the superior cervical ganglion in cats.
AB  - For identification and characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, a
      radioligand binding assay using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) was carried out
      using normal and preganglionically denervated cat superior cervical ganglion
      (SCG). Specific [3H]QNB binding to the cat SCG homogenates was saturable,
      reversible and of high affinity (KD = 13.9 +/- 4.0 pM) with a Bmax of 54.1 +/-
      5.8 fmol/mg of protein. From a kinetic analysis of the data, we calculated the
      association and dissociation rate constants of 1.47 X 10(9) M-1 min-1 and 0.025
      min-1, respectively. The dissociation constant calculated from the rate constants
      (KD = K-1/K+1 = 17.0 pM) was similar to the value determined from Scatchard
      analysis. Values of K1 for muscarinic cholinergic drugs that inhibited specific
      binding were: QNB, 0.10 pM; atropine, 0.57 nM; acetylcholine, 145 nM; and
      oxotremorine, 100 nM. Nicotinic cholinergic agents such as alpha-bungarotoxin,
      nicotine and hexamethonium were ineffective in displacing [3H]QNB binding, at a
      concentration of 10 microM. After preganglionic denervation, the specific [3H]QNB
      binding to the SCG significantly increased, compared to the nonoperated side of
      SCG. The Bmax value was significantly increased at 2 weeks without a change in
      the KD, thereby suggesting an increase in the density of muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors. The present study suggests that the existence of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors in the cat SCG and preganglionic denervation may lead to an
      increase in the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 6827489
TI  - Drug metabolism in isolated proximal tubule cells: aldehyde dehydrogenase.
AB  - The mammalian kidney is composed of numerous cell populations associated with the
      interstitial spaces, vasculature and various portions of the nephron. Not
      surprisingly, mammalian kidneys also exhibit an array of drug metabolizing
      activities, including the pyridine nucleotide-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase(s)
      (ALDH). To define the ALDH activity in segment 2 of the proximal tubule, a
      portion of the nephron which frequently shows drug-induced pathology, proximal
      tubules were isolated by purely mechanical methods from female rabbits. Isopycnic
      centrifugation of tubule-derived postnuclear supernates in linear sucrose
      gradients resulted in propionaldehyde (5 mM)-driven ALDH activity being
      distributed in a manner consistent with both a mitochondrial and cytosolic
      localization. Mitochondrial and cystosolic fractions yielded biphasic reciprocal
      plots when propionaldehyde was used as substrate. Km values of 282 microM and 4
      mM were obtained from the mitochondrial enzymes, whereas the cytosolic enzymes
      gave KmS of 132 microM and 2.4 mM. The apparent Vmax values (nanomoles of NADH
      produced per minute per milligram of protein) are 16.3 and 37.8 for the
      mitochondrial enzymes and 23.5 and 19.0 for the cytosolic enzymes. Thus, the S2
      proximal tubule cells contain ALDH activities at levels and subcellular sites
      comparable to those found in the liver. Because the proximal tubules constitute
      approximately 40% of the renal cortical mass, the high levels of ALDH activity
      observed in these cells may protect other cortical cells and more distal nephron
      components by detoxifying potentially cytotoxic aldehydes.

PMID- 6827491
TI  - Prevention of coronary heart disease. Summary of a conference held at St.
      Thomas's Hospital, London, in June 1982.

PMID- 6827490
TI  - Obesity. A report of the Royal College of Physicians.

PMID- 6827492
TI  - Cost and clinical decisions.

PMID- 6827493
TI  - Mechanism of follicular trapping: similarities and differences in trapping of
      antibody-complexed antigens and carbon particles in the follicles of the spleen.
AB  - Both immune complexes and carbon particles were trapped in spleen follicles soon
      after intravenous injection. The localization pattern of carbon particles and
      immune complexes were identical 24 hr after injection. Since there is no reason
      to believe that lymphocytes are involved in the transport of carbon particles
      from the marginal zone towards the follicle centers, these results indicate that
      follicular trapping is based on a purely mechanical process. Pretreatment with
      endotoxin completely prevented the trapping of immune complexes but not carbon
      particles. Endotoxin administered after the injection of immune complexes caused
      the rapid removal of trapped complexes from the follicles. However, the effect of
      endotoxin on trapped carbon particles was less pronounced. Apart from a
      mechanical trapping of diffusing compounds in the follicular web, a distinct
      phase is suggested in which immune complexes are fixed to and retained on the
      surface of the follicular dendritic cells.

PMID- 6827494
TI  - Human macrophage-like cell line U937-1 elaborates mitogenic activity for
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The human macrophage-like cell line U937-1 was shown to elaborate mitogenic
      activity for cultured fibroblasts. Activity was present in the culture medium
      when cells were maintained either in the presence or absence of serum components,
      although maximal levels were observed when the macrophage-like cells were
      incubated in medium supplemented with platelet-poor plasma. The mitogenic
      activity acted synergistically with platelet-poor plasma to allow density
      arrested cells to initiate DNA synthesis and its action was potentiated by the
      addition of cholera toxin. The elaborated activity bound to DEAE Sephacel and was
      eluted in a single peak using an NaCl gradient.

PMID- 6827495
TI  - Swimming and grommets.
AB  - The dictum that patients who have plastic ventilation tubes (grommets) inserted
      in their tympanic membranes should not go swimming is questioned. A theoretical
      assessment is made of the pressure necessary to push water through a grommet.
      This value is compared with practical observations. These values are discussed
      with reference to chemical and bacteriological hazards and it is concluded that
      water is unlikely to enter the middle ear in surface swimming, and even when
      diving underwater the chances of setting up an otitis media must be small.

PMID- 6827496
TI  - Use and misuse of an accident and emergency department in the East End of London.
AB  - A study was made of all 587 new patients attending an accident and emergency
      department in the East End of London during one week. Two hundred and twenty-six
      (39%) cases were not accidents or emergencies; of these, 67% were self-referrals
      who had not previously seen their general practitioner (GP) and 21% were self
      referrals who had previously seen their GP. The four main reasons that these self
      referred patients had for attending were that they thought their condition needed
      immediate attention; they were insufficiently organized to see their GP; they
      were not registered with a GP; or they wanted a second opinion. Twenty-eight
      (12%) of the cases which were not accidents or emergencies were referred by a GP.
      Sixty-nine (12%) of all cases were not registered with a GP. The frequency of
      cases who were not accidents or emergencies was significantly higher in those not
      registered than in those registered (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001).
      Nineteen (3%) patients were living rough or in hostels. Little abuse of the
      ambulance service was found.

PMID- 6827498
TI  - Survey of postnatal care.
AB  - A postal survey of the postnatal care received by 250 mothers during the three
      months after delivery in the North Herts Maternity Unit achieved a response rate
      of 74.6%. More than 80% of mothers responding felt that they had received
      adequate help from the hospital staff, community midwife and health visitor but
      only 50% felt that they had received adequate help from their general
      practitioner. There seemed to be a need for some relaxation of the policy of
      length of hospital stay, an increase in the level of postnatal instruction and
      improvement in the interaction between general practitioner and mothers.

PMID- 6827497
TI  - Percutaneous removal of renal stones.

PMID- 6827501
TI  - Grommets and swimming.

PMID- 6827500
TI  - Bartter's syndrome--the case for a primary potassium-losing tubulopathy:
      discussion paper.

PMID- 6827502
TI  - Adrenocortical carcinoma with tumour-induced hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 6827503
TI  - Generalized inflammatory epidermal naevus.

PMID- 6827505
TI  - Biological materials used in reconstruction of the ear.

PMID- 6827504
TI  - Pathological fracture in acute osteomyelitis in an adult.

PMID- 6827499
TI  - Utilization of computers in clinical practice--role of physician networks:
      preliminary communication.
AB  - This study examines the influence of physician networks on the utilization of
      computers in clinical practice. Data on patient referrals, consultations,
      professional discussions, and on-call coverage were collected from 24 physicians
      who comprise a private group practice. Their utilization of a computerized
      hospital medical information system (HIS) in caring for patients admitted to a
      1160-bed private, university affiliated, teaching hospital was determined. A
      matrix representing the professional relations among these physicians was
      subjected to smallest space analysis, a form of multidimensional scaling. Also, a
      number of indices that describe structural and interactional properties of the
      network and individual physicians were computed. The three-dimensional
      representation of the network that resulted from the analysis suggests a two-step
      process of adoption and utilization of medical technology. Physicians who were
      engaged in outside professional activities and in the training of medical
      students and house staff were more likely to utilize the system in caring for
      patients. These physicians, who were more centrally located and dominant in the
      referral and consultation process, were more likely to influence the practice
      patterns of their colleagues. The use of network analysis to identify influential
      physicians whose involvement is essential to the success of efforts aimed at
      introducing computers into clinical practice is discussed.

PMID- 6827506
TI  - Vancomycin and chronic hypotension.

PMID- 6827507
TI  - Newly recognized syndrome in the neck.

PMID- 6827510
TI  - Keller's operation with basal osteotomy of first metatarsal.
AB  - A retrospective survey was carried out to assess the results in the middle aged
      and elderly of an operation for hallux valgus which combined a basal osteotomy of
      the first metatarsal with a Keller's procedure. Mean follow up in 34 patients (54
      feet) was 3.2 years. The correction of both the hallux valgus and the varus angle
      of the first metatarsal was found to be satisfactory. The advantages and
      disadvantages of the operation are discussed.

PMID- 6827511
TI  - Observations in micturating cystourethrography.
AB  - Combined studies of micturating cystourethrography (MCU), bladder pressure and
      urinary flow rate measurements (urodynamic studies) have been analysed in 1584
      adult patients of both sexes. The combined study is called a videocystometrogram
      (VCM). The simple MCU is satisfactory for demonstrating vesicoureteric reflux,
      but in the investigation of other problems of the lower urinary tract in adults,
      conclusions based on the MCU alone can be misleading. It is recommended that if
      the MCU is performed at all in the investigation of adult incontinence and
      suspected urinary outflow obstruction, it should be combined with a urodynamic
      study. This increases the examination time by about 50% but greatly improves the
      diagnostic accuracy, especially in establishing whether surgery is indicated or
      inappropriate.

PMID- 6827508
TI  - Organophosphate poisoning and complete heart block.

PMID- 6827509
TI  - Effects of referral to a specialist for headache.
AB  - Patients consulting neurological outpatient clinics for headaches that were found
      not to be due to a serious structural lesion were followed up one year
      afterwards. Considerable improvement in symptoms was found in the sample. This
      was only partly attributable to any medical treatment received at the clinics or
      subsequently from a general practitioner. Improvement was associated with
      previously expressed satisfaction with the clinic consultation, and a nonspecific
      'placebo' response is postulated.

PMID- 6827512
TI  - Metrizamide epidurography.
AB  - The results are reported of lumbar epidurography in 110 patients suffering from
      low back pain. By using the water-soluble non-ionic contrast metrizamide, it has
      been possible to perform the examination on an outpatient basis. None of the
      patients has suffered from headache, nor any other complaint often associated
      with other diagnostic techniques which involve lumbar puncture. Epidurography is
      sufficiently accurate to be regarded as the examination of choice in the
      diagnosis of lumbar disc prolapse.

PMID- 6827513
TI  - Forefoot rotation--a hindfoot problem?: preliminary communication.
AB  - A type of valgus deformity of the foot which differs from those commonly
      recognized is described. In this foot, correction of the hindfoot valgus results
      in the talus assuming an abnormally horizontal position, so that the forefoot is
      markedly rotated relative to the hindfoot. The condition is usually present at
      birth and may occur in paralytic and non-paralytic forms. Its recognition is
      important as the deformity may lead to difficulties later in life.

PMID- 6827514
TI  - Unusual physical sign of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 6827515
TI  - Globus hystericus--occlusal parafunction.

PMID- 6827516
TI  - Early symptomology to select cases for screening for ovarian neoplasm.

PMID- 6827518
TI  - Increased risk of lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 6827519
TI  - Holistic medicine: a cooperative inquiry.

PMID- 6827517
TI  - Polymyositis.

PMID- 6827520
TI  - From virus to cosmology.

PMID- 6827521
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of a 2-bromoethylamine (mustard) derivative of
      hemicholinium-3 and hemicholinium-15.
AB  - Work on the synthesis and investigation into the biological activity of a 2
      bromoethylamine (mustard) analogue of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and hemicholinium-15
      (HC-15) is reported. Hemicholinium-3 bromo mustard (HC3-BrM, 5) and hemicholinium
      15 bromo mustard (HC15-BrM, 11) cyclize in aqueous solution to a biethylenimine
      derivative (6) and a monoethylenimine derivative (12) that are structurally
      almost identical with HC-3 (1) and HC-15 (8), respectively. As with HC-3 or HC
      15, these mustards strongly inhibited sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline
      uptake (SDHACU) activity in vitro. This inhibitory activity was found to result
      solely from the interaction of the cyclized ethylenimine form of the mustards
      with the uptake system. When compared on an equivalent concentration basis, HC3
      BrM effected substantially greater inhibition of SDHACU than HC-3 and is, thus,
      at present the most potent known synthetic inhibitor of this uptake system.
      Synaptosomes incubated with a low concentration of precyclized HC3-BrM (25 nM)
      and then treated to remove all free and reversibly bound drug exhibited a
      maintained reduction (approximately 32%) in the Vmax of SDHACU activity. This
      behavior is in marked contrast to the findings with HC-3, the inhibition of which
      was totally removed by simple washing. It is suggested that the biethylenimine
      form of HC3-BrM undergoes a covalent, and thus possibly irreversible, bond
      formation with group(s) functionally involved with the SDHACU system.

PMID- 6827522
TI  - Synthesis and antiallergy activity of 5-oxo-5H-thiazolo[2,3
      b]quinazolinecarboxylic acids.

PMID- 6827524
TI  - Mitomycin C and porfiromycin analogues with substituted ethylamines at position
      7.
AB  - A series of 7-(2-substituted-ethyl)amino analogues of mitomycin C and
      porfiromycin was prepared and screened in standard antitumor systems. Certain of
      these analogues showed better activity than mitomycin C against P-388 leukemia, L
      1210 leukemia, and/or B-16 melanocarcinoma in mice. Compounds also tested for
      their leukopenic effects in mice, the limiting toxicity of mitomycin C. Some of
      them were less leukopenic and some were more leukopenic than this clinical agent.
      No statistically significant correlations could be made between physicochemical
      properties and antitumor activities of the analogues.

PMID- 6827523
TI  - Adriamycin analogues. Preparation and biological evaluation of some novel 14
      thiaadriamycins.
AB  - Condensation of 14-bromodaunorubicin with thiols in methanol, in the presence of
      potassium carbonate, resulted in the formation of 14-thia analogues of the
      antitumor antibiotic adriamycin. However, similar condensation of N
      (trifluoroacetyl)-14-iododaunorubicin with thiols invariably led to a redox
      reaction, with the formation of N-(trifluoroacetyl)daunorubicin and disulfides.
      Accordingly, N-(trifluoroacetyl)-14-bromodaunorubicin was used for reaction with
      thiols to yield thia analogues of the clinically active but non-DNA-binding
      adriamycin analogue N-(trifluoroacetyl)adriamycin 14-valerate (AD 32). Reaction
      of 14-bromoadunorubicin with alpha, omega-alkanedithiols gave bis(thiaadriamycin)
      analogues as potential difunctional intercalating agents. The aforementioned
      products, plus two related phenylselena derivatives, were examined for in vitro
      growth inhibition, in vivo antitumor activity, and, where appropriate, DNA
      binding. A number of agents, most notably 14-(carbethoxymethyl)-14-thiaadriamycin
      and N-(trifluoroacetyl)-14-phenyl-14-selenaadriamycin, were active against murine
      L1210 leukemia in vivo. Several of the amino glycoside unsubstituted 14
      thiaadriamycin analogues exhibited DNA-binding properties equivalent to those of
      adriamycin.

PMID- 6827526
TI  - Pyrrolopyrimidine nucleosides. 18. Synthesis and chemotherapeutic activity of 4
      amino-7-(3-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (3'
      deoxysangivamycin) and 4-amino-7-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]
      pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (2'-deoxysangivamycin).
AB  - A multistep synthesis, using the nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin as the
      starting material, has furnished 6,2'-S-cyclosangivamycin (6). Desulfurization of
      6,2'-S-cyclosangivamycin (6) with Raney nickel has provided 2'-deoxysangivamycin
      (7). Treatment of sangivamycin (1c) with sodium iodide and alpha
      acetoxyisobutyryl chloride has furnished 4-amino-7-[2-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-iodo-5-O
      (2,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxo-1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl)-beta-D-xylofuranosyl]-pyrrolo[2,3-d]
      pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (8a). Dehalogenation of 8a with 10% palladium on
      charcoal was followed by a removal of the blocking groups with ammonium hydroxide
      to give 3'-deoxysangivamycin (9) in 49% overall yield. The reaction of
      sangivamycin (1c) with diphenyl disulfide and tributylphosphine gave 5'
      (phenylthio)-5'-deoxysangivamycin (10). Treatment of 10 with Raney Nickel
      afforded 5'-deoxysangivamycin (11). Antitumor evaluation showed that 3'
      deoxysangivamycin had significant activity against the murine leukemia L1210 both
      in vivo and in vitro, although it was less potent on a molar basis than the
      parent compound sangivamycin. The 2'- and 5'-deoxysangivamycins did not show
      significant antitumor activity.

PMID- 6827527
TI  - Bicyclic lactones derived from kainic acid as novel selective antagonists of
      neuroexcitatory amino acids.
AB  - The bicyclic [2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta)]-2-carboxy-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3
      pyrrolidineacetic acid delta-lactone (4), as well as its 4-[1-hydroxy-1
      (iodomethyl)ethyl], 4-[1-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl], and 4-[1-hydroxy-1
      [(phenyl-thio)methyl]ethyl] analogues, 6, 7, and 9, respectively, were designed
      and synthesized as potential selective antagonists of neuroexcitatory amino
      acids. When applied to rat brain slices, these lactones, which are chemically
      derived from kainic acid, inhibit the stimulation of Na+ fluxes induced by the
      neuroexcitants kainic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. Lactone 4 and the
      hydroxy lactone 7 block preferentially the response to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,
      while the iodo lactone 6 and the phenylthio lactone 9 are mainly kainic acid
      antagonists. Total inhibitions can be obtained, half of the maximal effect being
      observed at lactone concentrations in the range of 0.2-3 mM.

PMID- 6827529
TI  - Stereochemical aspects of conjugation reactions catalyzed by rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase isozymes.
AB  - Substrate enantioselectivity in the conjugation of phenethyl halides catalyzed by
      the glutathione S-transferases was studied with partially purified isozymes from
      rat liver. All of the isozymes tested possessed measurable activity with
      phenethyl chloride. Tranferase A was the most active isozyme tested. Each of the
      isozymes demonstrated a high degree of substrate enantioselectivity, with
      transferase A being the most enantioselective isozyme. The enantioselectivity was
      determined by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the enzymatically
      formed diastereomeric products. The effect of limiting glutathione concentrations
      on the stereochemical outcome of the transferase A catalyzed conjugation of the
      chiral substrate, (S)-phenethyl chloride (4 mM), was investigated. The
      stereochemical course of the enzymatic reaction was not significantly altered at
      glutathione concentrations as low as 25 microM. The major product of conjugation
      had the opposite stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon, indicating that the
      reaction proceeded primarily with inversion of configuration. The glutathione
      conjugates, S-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]glutathione, S-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]glutathione, S
      benzylglutathione, and S-methylglutathione were studied as inhibitors of the
      transferase A catalyzed conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The order of
      the inhibitory potency was S-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]glutathione = S-benzylglutathione
      greater than S-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]glutathione greater than S-methylglutathione.
      This represented the first demonstration of the stereoselective product
      inhibition of the glutathione S-transferases.

PMID- 6827528
TI  - Analogues of aminoglutethimide: selective inhibition of cholesterol side-chain
      cleavage.
AB  - In our probing of the structural features responsible for the inhibitory activity
      of aminoglutethimide [1, 3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione] toward
      the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme system desmolase and the estrogen
      forming system aromatase, targets in the action of 1 against hormone-dependent
      mammary tumors, analogues in several categories have been synthesized and
      evaluated. Of the known monoamino derivatives, the meta derivative [2, 3-(3
      aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione] was as inhibitory toward desmolase as
      1, and the N-amino analogue [4, 1-amino-3-ethyl-3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione] was
      three times as inhibitory (respective Ki values of 1, 2, and 4 are 14, 13, and
      4.6 microM), but 2 was a weak inhibitor and 4 was a noninhibitor of aromatase.
      Another amino analogue [5, 5-amino-3-ethyl-3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione]
      inhibited neither enzyme system. Reaction of glutethimide (11) with hydrazine and
      thermal cyclization of the resulting amide hydrazide (15) afforded an improved
      synthesis of 4. Analogues having a second amino substituent, either at C-5 (10)
      or at N-1 (14) of the piperidine-2,6-dione residue, were less inhibitory than was
      1 toward desmolase and aromatase. Among analogues having little or no inhibitory
      activity were hydroxy derivatives of 1 and 2, namely, 3-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)
      3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione (20) and the 3-amino-4-hydroxy analogue (21).

PMID- 6827525
TI  - Potential radiosensitizing agents. 6. 2-Nitroimidazole nucleosides:
      arabinofuranosyl and hexopyranosyl analogues.
AB  - New 2-nitroimidazole nucleosides have been synthesized as radiosensitizers of
      hypoxic mammalian cells in an attempt to reduce the neurotoxicity and to increase
      the therapeutic efficacy of this class of agents. The trimethylsilyl derivative
      of 2-nitroimidazole was condensed with 1-bromo-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoylarabinofuranose
      in the presence of mercuric cyanide to yield anomeric isomers of
      arabinofuranosides, which were separated by preparative thin-layer
      chromatography. Reaction of 2-deoxy-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucose or 3,4,6-tri
      O-acetyl-D-glucal with 2-nitroimidazole in the presence of an acid catalyst
      produced alpha and beta isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-D-erythro-hex-2'-enopyranosides
      and an isomeric 3-substituted 1,2,3-trideoxy-D-erythro-hex-1-enopyranose.
      Hydrolysis of the esters was accomplished with sodium methoxide in methanol at 0
      degrees C. The radiosensitizing efficacy of these agents was determined against
      Chinese hamster (V-79) cells in vitro. The 1-(2',3'-dideoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hex
      2'-enopyranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole was the most active agent of this series and
      was found to be superior to misonidazole as a radiosensitizer.

PMID- 6827530
TI  - 1,2-Dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines: structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Certain derivatives containing the 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine (1-deaza-7,8
      dihydropteridine) ring system are active against experimental neoplasms in mice.
      The mechanism of action of these agents has been attributed to the accumulation
      of cells at mitosis. Identification of the structural features that are necessary
      for activity was accomplished by evaluation of modified 1-deazapteridines and
      ring and ring-opened analogues. Relative to ethyl 4-amino-1-deaza-7,8-dihydro-6
      [(N-methylanilino)methyl]pteridine-2-carbamate (11) and the corresponding 6
      phenyl compound (12), no antitumor activity was observed with 7,8
      dihydropteridines, 3-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines, and the corresponding
      heteroaromatic compounds. Also, activity was diminished or destroyed when 1-deaza
      7,8-dihydropteridines were oxidized to 1-deazapteridines or reduced to 1-deaza
      5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridines. In addition, replacement of the 4-amino group with
      other substituents destroyed activity. The presence of a 6-substituent containing
      an aryl group appeared to be necessary for activity, which was increased when a
      methyl group was substituted at the 7-position.

PMID- 6827532
TI  - In vitro and in vivo protection of acetylcholinesterase against organophosphate
      poisoning by pretreatment with a novel derivative of 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2
      oxide.
AB  - Covalent molecular combinations of a cyclic phosphate (dioxaphosphorinane) and a
      potential leaving group, such as 3-(trimethylammonio)phenol iodide (TMPH),
      suggested the synthesis of O-[3-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-1,3,2
      dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide iodide (TDPI). TDPI inhibited acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) (ki = 8.4 x 10(3) M-1 min-1) via the formation of an unstable covalent
      intermediate. TDPI-inhibited AChE hydrolyzed spontaneously with t1/2
      approximately equal to 10 min. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was also inhibited
      by TDPI (ki = 1.8 x 10(4) M-1 min-1), but the inhibited BuChE was more stable
      (greater than 10 times) than the corresponding AchE-TDPI conjugate. Pretreatment
      of mice with TDPI conferred protection against 22 LD50's of paraoxon and 5 LD50's
      of soman, provided that treatment with anticholinergics and an oxime followed
      administration of these anticholinesterase poisons. Correlation between in vitro
      and in vivo observations suggests that the main protection of AChE conferred by
      TDPI results from temporary masking of the active site of the enzyme. The acute
      toxicity of TDPI was found to be 444 mg/kg (sc, mice), whereas analogous
      carbamates and a noncyclic phosphate also displaying antidotal properties are
      greater than 170 times more toxic.

PMID- 6827533
TI  - Some adenine and adenosine methylene-bridged estrogens.

PMID- 6827531
TI  - Folate analogues. 20. Synthesis and antifolate activity of 1',2',3',4',5',6'
      hexahydrohomofolic acid.
AB  - The synthesis of 1',2',3',4',5',6'-hexahydrohomofolic acid (3), a close analogue
      of homofolic acid (2), has been carried out by replacement of the benzene ring of
      2 with a cyclohexane ring. The synthetic methods employed here were based on the
      Boon-Leigh strategy to obtain products with unambiguous structures. Based on a
      number of chemical and spectral observations, a tentative cis stereochemistry was
      assigned to the 1,4-substituents of the cyclohexane ring of both the homopteroate
      analogue 13 and the target compound 3. We investigated hexahydrohomopteroic acid
      (13), hexahydrohomofolic acid (3), and their 7,8-dihydro and d,l-5,6,7,8
      tetrahydro derivatives for antifolate activity employing several biological test
      systems. The dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives of both 13 and 3 were active
      against Streptococcus faecium, whereas they were inactive against Lactobacillus
      casei. These compounds were neither substrates nor inhibitors of L. casei
      dihydrofolate reductase or thymidylate synthase.

PMID- 6827534
TI  - Antitumor amino-substituted pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-g]isoquinolines and
      pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of compounds
      resulting from new side chain and heterocycle modifications.
AB  - New modifications of 10-[[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino]-6-methyl-5H
      pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-g]i sisoquinoline (1b) and 1-[[3
      (diethylamino)propyl]amino]-9-methoxy-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carba zole
      (4b), which display important antitumor properties, were performed either on the
      side chain or on the intercalating heterocycle. Side chains were introduced by
      direct substitution of the corresponding chloro derivatives and 6-N-methyl-9
      hydroxypyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles analogues were prepared via 9-O-benzoyl-1
      chloroellipticines. Evaluation of all new compounds shows no significant increase
      of in vitro cytotoxicity and percent ILS on the L1210 leukemia system by
      comparison with the model compounds 1b and 4b.

PMID- 6827535
TI  - Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of 6-methoxy-4-methyl-N-[6-(substituted-1
      piperazinyl)hexyl]-8-quinolinamines and related compounds.
AB  - The 8-quinolinamine, 4-[6-[6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-quinolinyl)amino]hexyl]-1
      piperazineethanol (1b), has been shown to be highly effective against Leishmania
      donovani infections in hamsters. In an effort to obtain a more potent, less toxic
      8-quinolinamine, a series of analogues (2) was prepared that examined
      particularly the structural requirements of the terminal piperazine moiety. Of
      the substituted piperazines and alternative heterocycles prepared, as well as
      those quinoline analogues with ring insertion of a methyl group in the 2-position
      or an aryloxy substituent in the 5-position, an increase in potency was achieved
      only with the 2-hydroxypropyl analogue (2f).

PMID- 6827536
TI  - Theoretical conformational studies on some dopamine antagonistic benzamide drugs:
      3-pyrrolidyl- and 4-piperidyl derivatives.
AB  - Model derivatives of 3-pyrrolidyl- and 4-piperidyl-o-methoxybenzamides, as
      representatives of neuroleptic substituted benzamide drugs, have been
      investigated by theoretical conformational analysis. Folded conformers of 2
      methoxy-N-(1-methyl-3-pyrrolidyl)benzamide have the lowest energy, but extended
      conformers are only a few kilocalories per mole less stable. As regards to
      piperidyl derivative, it has been found that folded conformers are of much higher
      energy than extended ones. These and previous results are discussed in terms of
      the pharmacologically active conformers of substituted benzamide drugs and of
      possible modes of interaction with the dopamine receptor.

PMID- 6827538
TI  - New antihypertensive cannabinoids.
AB  - A number of azacannabinoids containing hydroxyacyl and aminoacetyl substituents
      on the nitrogen atom were synthesized. The hydroxyacetyl and gamma-hydroxybutyryl
      derivatives were potent antihypertensive agents (minimum effective dose, 3-5
      mg/kg, orally) of the same order of activity as the highly CNS-active N-propargyl
      derivatives Ia and Ib. Furthermore, 4a showed weak stimulant properties at
      hypotensive dose levels, in contrast to the strongly CNS-depressant action
      characteristic of the N-propargyl analogues.

PMID- 6827540
TI  - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 2. [(Heteroarylamino)phenyl]alkanoic acids.
AB  - A series of [(heteroarylamino)phenyl]alkanoic acids having pyridine, quinoline,
      or pyrimidine as the heteroaryl moiety was prepared as potential antiinflammatory
      agents. Among them, 2-[4-(2-pyridylamino)phenyl]propionic acid (14b) showed
      excellent antiinflammatory and analgesic activities with less tendency to cause
      gastric side effects. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

PMID- 6827539
TI  - 2-[(Phenylthio)methyl]pyridine derivatives: new antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - 2-[(Phenylthio)methyl]pyridine derivatives inhibited the dermal reverse passive
      Arthus reaction (RPAR) in the rat. In the same model, indomethacin was inactive,
      and hydrocortisone was active. Compounds Ia-d also significantly reduced exudate
      volume and white blood cell accumulation in the pleural RPAR. This pattern of
      activity was similar to that of hydrocortisone and different from that of
      indomethacin.

PMID- 6827537
TI  - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of stereoisomers of 4-piperidyl-1,3
      dihydro-2-oxo-2H-benzimidazoles. Enhanced potencies of (+) isomers.
AB  - To elucidate the relationship between the pharmacological activity and
      stereochemical structure, we resolved 1-[2-(3-,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1
      methylethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-2H -benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidine (1 and 2) and
      1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-4-(1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-2H
      benzimidazol-yl)piperidine (3), which produced hypotensive effects mainly through
      their alpha-blocking actions. Threo isomers 1 and 3 were resolved via
      diastereomeric carbamates. Erythro isomer 2 was obtained by an oxidation and
      reduction sequence from optically active 1. No significant difference was found
      between the pharmacological activities of the threo and erythro isomers of the
      corresponding compounds. However, a clear difference was found between the
      pharmacological activities of the optical isomers. Difference was most clearly
      shown in the hypotensive actions of normotensive rats and in alpha-adrenergic
      blocking activities of isolated rat vas deferens. In these actions, (+) isomers
      were always more potent than the corresponding (-) isomers.

PMID- 6827541
TI  - Replacement of aromatic or heteroaromatic groups in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      agents with the ferrocene group.
AB  - Ferrocene analogues of the antiinflammatory agents tolmetin (1), fenbufen (2),
      flurbiprofen (3), and fenclofenac (4) were synthesized and tested for biological
      activity. The derivatives exhibited little or no antiarthritic or platelet
      antiaggregatory activity, indicating that the ferrocene moiety is a poor
      bioisostere for aromatic or heteroaromatic groups in nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory agents.

PMID- 6827543
TI  - Conformational effects on the activity of drugs. 10. Synthesis, conformation, and
      pharmacological properties of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanols and their
      morpholine analogues.
AB  - In order to obtain a better understanding of the effects that structural
      parameters have on the changes of adrenergic activity when 1-aryl-2-aminoethanol
      derivatives are converted into their corresponding 2-arylmorpholine cyclic
      analogues, we synthesized 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol derivatives 5-7
      and their morpholine analogues 8-10. The preferred conformation of amino alcohols
      and their cyclic analogues have been determined through an H NMR and IR study.
      Compounds 5 and 6 showed both alpha-stimulating and alpha-blocking activity on
      rat vas deferens, the effect depending on the concentration employed; on the same
      isolated tissue, N-isopropyl derivative 7 and the morpholine analogues 8-10
      exhibited only alpha-blocking activity. As for the beta-adrenergic activity, only
      the open-chain compound 7 possessed a moderate blocking effect on isolated guinea
      pig atria. The results of this work seem to indicate that the changes of
      pharmacological activity involved in the transformation of the adrenergic drugs
      into their morpholine analogues are influenced more by characteristic features of
      the aromatic moiety than by the ethanolamine or propanolamine structure of the
      drugs.

PMID- 6827544
TI  - beta-Lactam antibiotics: geometrical requirements for antibacterial activities.
AB  - Recent observations reveal deficiencies in the accepted theory rationalizing the
      biological activities of the beta-lactam antibiotics, since a study of strained
      carbapenem beta-lactams has shown that the observed antibacterial activities do
      not correlate either with the pyramidal character of the beta-lactam nitrogen
      atom or with the ease of base hydrolysis of the lactam amide bond. The
      contradiction can be reconciled by an analysis of the three-dimensional (3-D)
      features of a set of the representative active and inactive beta-lactam
      structures, which shows that highly specific 3-D recognition sites may exist in
      the enzymes in their recognition of the antibiotics. The identification of the
      geometrical requirements for antibacterial activity also reveals how it could be
      possible to restore antibiotic activities to inactive structures, up to now
      considered as devoid of any therapeutic interest.

PMID- 6827542
TI  - Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 3. A comparison of phthalimide
      and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives to phthalimidine and 1,2
      benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide congeners.
AB  - Previously it has been observed that N-substituted phthalimide derivatives with
      chain lengths of four carbon or oxygen atoms showed potent hypolipidemic activity
      in rodents at 20 (mg/kg)/day ip. The 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide
      (saccharin) nucleus, itself, had also been observed to be active at the same
      dose. An investigation was undertaken to examine a series of 1,2-benzisothiazolin
      3-one 1,1-dioxide analogues for their hypolipidemic activity in mice and to
      compare them to their respective phthalimide congeners. In addition, a series of
      1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide and phthalimidine analogues was prepared, and
      their hypolipidemic activity was compared to the phthalimide analogues. These
      studies show that the respective congeners of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1
      dioxide compared favorably to phthalimide congeners in reducing serum
      triglyceride and cholesterol levels in male CF1 mice at 20 (mg/kg)/day ip. Of the
      saccharin derivatives, 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoline-2-propionic acid 1,1-dioxide
      was the most effective in lowering serum cholesterol levels by 53% after 16 days
      dosing and 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoline-2-valeric acid 1,1-dioxide lowered serum
      triglycerides 56% after 14 days dosing. The 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide and
      phthalimidine compounds were less active as hypolipidemic agents than their 1,2
      benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide and phthalimide analogues, respectively.

PMID- 6827545
TI  - Selection of test series by a modified multidimensional mapping method.
AB  - Maintaining a realistic minimum distance between compounds in a defined
      multidimensional parameter space ensures well-spread sets of parameter values. It
      has been suggested, however, that the use of this multidimensional mapping method
      may lead to series of compounds with high multicollinearities of parameter
      values. An alternative method, multidimensional mapping by distance and
      determinant, is discussed here. This method maximizes the determinant of the
      interparameter correlation matrix as well as maintaining the minimum distance
      criterion. Its performance is compared with other methods, and it is shown that
      collinearities may be overcome or maintained at low levels when this method is
      used.

PMID- 6827547
TI  - Synthesis of an N-aminopyrazinonium analogue of cytidine.
AB  - An N-aminated pyrazine analogue of cytidine, in which the pyrimidine N(3) ring
      nitrogen and C(4) amino group were replaced by a C-amino and an N-amino function,
      respectively, was prepared as a potential deaminase-resistant cytidine
      antimetabolite. The nucleoside 1,2-diamino-4-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazin-2-onium
      chloride (6) was a mild cytostatic agent but was neither a substrate for nor an
      inhibitor of mouse kidney cytidine deaminase. It ionized with a lower pKa than
      expected. The anion did not undergo the dimerization usually observed with N
      imino heterocyclic ylides but unerwent hydrolysis of the 2-amino group to yield a
      1-aminopyrazine-2,3-dione nucleoside.

PMID- 6827546
TI  - 2'-O-nitro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. A new derivative of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine that resists enzymatic deamination and has antileukemic
      activity.
AB  - To overcome the susceptibility of the anticancer drug 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) to enzymatic deamination, and hence
      deactivation, we prepared the 2'-O-nitro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
      (termed nitrara-C) and evaluated it for biological activity. Nitrara-C was
      resistant to enzymatic deamination and inhibited the proliferation of several
      strains of human leukemic T and B lymphoblasts grown in culture. Moreover, it
      substantially extended the life spans of mice with L1210 leukemia. Studies with
      ara-C-resistant human leukemic lymphoblasts deficient in deoxycytidine kinase
      activity disclosed that the inhibitory activity of the new compound depends on
      its phosphorylation.

PMID- 6827548
TI  - synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-deoxyribofuranosides of 3-deazaguanine.
AB  - Synthesis of 2-deoxyribofuranosides of 3-deazaguanine (IX-XII) has been achieved
      by a base-catalyzed ring closure of appropriate 2-deoxyribofuranosides of methyl
      5(4)-(cyanomethyl)imidazole-4(5)-carboxalate (IV-VII). The separation of isomers
      and anomers were accomplished by column chromatography and HPLC. The site of
      glycosidic linkage and the anomeric configurations were established on the basis
      of C-13 and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as UV absorption
      characteristics. Preliminary results of the antitumor activity of these
      derivatives, in vitro and in vivo, are described.

PMID- 6827549
TI  - Syntheses of iron bis(pyridoxal isonicotinoylhydrazone)s and the in vivo iron
      removal properties of some pyridoxal derivatives.
AB  - Pyridoxal isonicotinoylhydrazone (PINH; 1) and its isomeric O-acetates (E and Z)
      were synthesized and complexed with ferrous ions to afford the hitherto
      unisolated chelates iron(II) bis(pyridoxal isonicotinoylhydrazone)s (11) and
      iron(II) bis(O-acetylpyridoxal isonicotinoylhydrazone)s (12). The analytical and
      spectroscopic data of the new coordination compounds are presented. In addition,
      a series of imino derivatives of pyridoxal of structures 2-3 and 5-10 have been
      prepared and tested in vivo as chelators of storage iron, and the cumulative net
      excretion of radioiron in urine and in feces was estimated. This study
      reestablishes that PINH is a potent iron chelator in vivo comparable in
      efficiency with parenteral desferrioxamine (DF) and indicates that it requires
      further attention.

PMID- 6827550
TI  - Synthesis and carcinogenic activity of oxidized benzacridines: potential
      metabolites of the strong carcinogen 7-methylbenz[c]acridine and of the inactive
      isomer 12-methylbenz[a]acridine.
AB  - The synthesis of 15 compounds related either to the benz[c]acridine or to the
      benz[a]acridine series is reported. Spectral data, i.e., NMR and EI
      fragmentation, are given. These compounds were tested for carcinogenic activity
      in mice of the XVIInc/Z strain by subcutaneous injection. Only three weak
      carcinogens were detected, 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-12-methylbenz[a]acridine, 3
      methoxy-7-methylbenz[c]acridine, and 4-acetoxy-7-methylbenz[c]acridine. These
      results are discussed with consideration to the data previously obtained with
      other benzacridines and condensed quinolines.

PMID- 6827551
TI  - Mutagenicity and chemistry of N-nitroso-N-(p-substituted-benzyl)methylamines.
AB  - The relative mutagenicities of N-nitroso-N-(p-substituted-benzyl)methylamines in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 were tested in order to determine whether
      biological activity is affected by the electron density at a nitrosamine alpha
      carbon. The order of potency was as follows: X = Cl greater than CN greater than
      Br greater than NO2 greater than H greater than CH3O greater than CH3 greater
      than F much greater than COOH. No direct correlation was apparent, nor was there
      any obvious correlation between biological activity and the extent of base
      catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange at the alpha carbons.

PMID- 6827553
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in the antiinflammatory steroids: a pattern
      recognition approach.
AB  - A pattern-recognition technique has been used to determine structure-activity
      relationships for antiinflammatory steroids. Experimental results using the human
      vasoconstrictor test of McKenzie and Stoughton and the rat granuloma cotton
      pellet method of Meier were correlated with the various substructural
      descriptors. Steroids were classified into two categories according to potency,
      and a pattern-recognition method was applied to determine their relative ranking.
      The resulting structure-activity relationships obtained and the relative
      contributions of the various structural variables for both bioassays are
      discussed. A synergistic effect was predicted to be in operation between certain
      pairs of substituents.

PMID- 6827554
TI  - Structure-activity studies of configurationally rigid arylprostaglandins.
AB  - Potent, albeit nonselective, smooth-muscle stimulant activity has been previously
      reported for 16-phenoxy- and 17-phenylprostaglandins, a finding that led to the
      design and development of the tissue-selective uterine stimulant sulprostone. As
      an extension of this work, analogues incorporating the 16-phenoxy and 17-phenyl
      substituents into the rigid indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and
      dihydrobenzopyranyl ring systems were prepared and evaluated for uterine
      stimulant activity in vitro and diarrheal effects in vivo. Since these cyclic
      groups, with the exception of the indanyl, contain a chiral center, both optical
      antipodes were prepared. These studies demonstrate that ring size, heteroatom,
      and absolute configuration at C-16 are important determinants for potency and
      selectivity.

PMID- 6827552
TI  - Improved delivery through biological membranes. 11. A redox chemical drug
      delivery system and its use for brain-specific delivery of phenylethylamine.
AB  - A dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt type redox system is described
      as a general and flexible method for site-specific and sustained delivery of
      drugs to the brain. According to this, a biologically active compound linked to a
      lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier.
      Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its
      elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is
      accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results
      in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the
      carrier part. The concept is illustrated with phenethylamine as the drug and
      trigonelline as the quaternary carrier. One injection to rats of 1-methyl-3-(N
      phenethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine resulted in continuous build up in the
      brain of the corresponding 1-methyl-3-(N-phenethylcarbamoyl)pyridinium salt,
      reaching a maximum at about 80 min. At this time, the general circulation was
      practically void of either compound, while the accumulated carrier-drug species
      provided a source for sustained drug delivery only in the brain.

PMID- 6827559
TI  - synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 2-sulfonamido- and 2-sulfamido
      1,3,4,6,7,11b alpha-hexahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizines.

PMID- 6827555
TI  - 11,12-secoprostaglandins. 6. Interphenylene analogues of acylhydroxyalkanoic
      acids and related compounds as renal vasodilators.

PMID- 6827558
TI  - Antihypertensive activity of 6-arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine derivatives. 2.
      7-Acyl amide analogues.
AB  - The effect of acylation with a variety of acids on the antihypertensive activity
      of 6-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-amine (1) is reported, and
      structure-activity relationships are discussed. Although several of the compounds
      show good oral antihypertensive activity in the conscious, spontaneously
      hypertensive rat (SHR), their activity profile appears to differ from 1 in that
      the onset of action is shortened at comparable blood pressure lowering doses, and
      the magnitude of effect is considerably greater at higher doses. A variety of
      urea, thiourea, guanidine, and amidine analogues also were prepared. Although
      many of these derivatives showed some antihypertensive effects when dosed orally
      to SHR, this activity was weaker and of shorter duration than that obtained with
      1. Aqueous solubilities and hydrolytic stabilities for four of the more active
      compounds were measured and suggest that these do not function as prodrugs of 1.

PMID- 6827556
TI  - Prostaglandin isosteres. 2. Chain-modified thiazolidinone prostaglandin analogues
      as renal vasodilators.
AB  - Chain modification of a thiazolidinone prostaglandin isostere has led to the
      production of 4-[3-[3-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-2
      thiazolidinyl]propyl] benzoic acid (5b) which at 1 mg/kg po in the conscious dog
      causes a 70% increase in renal blood flow over control values with a duration of
      action exceeding 5 h. Preliminary testing indicates that 5b has a relatively
      specific action on the vasculature of the kidney. The enantiomers of 5b have been
      separated and the renal vasodilatory activity has been found to be entirely a
      property of the R-(+) enantiomer.

PMID- 6827557
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of 1- and 2-substituted fentanyl analogues for opioid
      activity.
AB  - We synthesized fentanyl analogues that possess key groups common to the opioid
      peptides to investigate whether or not these two classes of compounds interact
      with common subsites on opioid receptors. The design of the analogues was based
      on the possibility of structural analogy between the two aromatic rings of
      fentanyl and the Tyr1 and Phe4 residues of the opioid peptides. The synthesized
      compounds showed very weak or no opioid activity as tested in the electrically
      stimulated longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum or mouse vas deferens
      preparations. These results, together with those of reported studies, suggest
      that fentanyl and the opioid peptides interact with different subsites on either
      mu or sigma receptors. Studies using the irreversible mu opioid receptor
      antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, indicate that fentanyl interacts preferentially
      with mu opioid receptors.

PMID- 6827560
TI  - (E)-3-(4-Oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-propenoic acids, a new series of antiallergy
      agents.
AB  - A series of substituted (E)-3-(4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-propenoic acids was
      prepared and evaluated in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test for
      antiallergic activity. Alkoxy, alkylthio, and isopropyl substituents at the 6- or
      8-positions provided highly potent compounds. Conversion to the Z isomer,
      reduction of the side chain double bond, or reduction of the quinazoline ring
      resulted in substantial loss of activity. Among the analogues that exhibited oral
      activity in the PCA test, (E)-3-[6-(methylthio)-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl]-2
      propenoic acid (5i) was the most potent.

PMID- 6827562
TI  - Mannich bases of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one: a new class of antiherpes agent.

PMID- 6827561
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of zoapatanol analogues.

PMID- 6827563
TI  - Ferric ion sequestering agents. 11. Synthesis and kinetics of iron removal from
      transferrin of catechoyl derivatives of desferrioxamine B.

PMID- 6827564
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-
      carboxamide and related derivatives.
AB  - Treatment of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1-carbonitrile with
      hydrogen selenide provided 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-D-allonselenoamide
      (3). Compound 3 was treated with ethyl bromopyruvate to provide ethyl 2-(2,3,5
      tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl)selenazole-4-carboxylates, which after ammonolysis
      were converted to 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide (6) and its
      alpha-analogue 7, respectively. Acetylation of nucleoside 6 provided 2-(2,3,5-tri
      O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)selenazole-4-carboxamide, and phosphorylation of 6
      provided the corresponding 5'-phosphate 9. Compounds 6 and 9 were found to be
      cytotoxic toward P388 and L1210 cells in culture and effective against Lewis lung
      carcinoma in mice.

PMID- 6827565
TI  - DNA binding studies of 7-bulky-substituted actinomycin analogues.
AB  - The DNA binding properties of several 7-substituted aralkylaminoactinomycin D
      analogues have been studied by spectrophotometry, DNA melting temperature
      studies, DNA-drug dissociation studies, and circular dichroism. Despite the
      presence of such bulky groups as 2-pyrrolylmethylamino or 3,4-dichlorobenzylamino
      at the 7 position, these analogues bind to DNA, inhibit RNA synthesis, and
      exhibit antitumor activity. A model is proposed for the interaction of the
      pyrrolyl analogue with phosphate groups of the DNA binding site, explaining the
      increased binding affinity for DNA of this actinomycin D analogue.

PMID- 6827567
TI  - Biology and ecology of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats in the genus
      Carollia.

PMID- 6827566
TI  - Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of new
      [(dialkylamino)alkyl]pyridylacetamides.

PMID- 6827568
TI  - Occurrence of 2,6-dichlorophenol in Dermacentor albipictus and Haemaphysalis
      leporispalustris (acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 6827570
TI  - Resorption of retained eggs and follicular degeneration in mosquitoes (Diptera:
      Culicidae).

PMID- 6827571
TI  - Correlation between population indices of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus
      (Diptera: Culicidae) and rainfall in Kapuk, Indonesia.

PMID- 6827569
TI  - Attraction of metastriate ticks (acari: Ixodidae) to the sex pheromone 2,6
      dichlorophenol and to substituted phenols.

PMID- 6827572
TI  - Fleas (Siphonaptera) on small mammals in Connecticut, USA.

PMID- 6827573
TI  - Seasonal activity and Colorado tick fever virus infection rates in Rocky Mountain
      wood ticks, Dermacentor andersoni (acari: Ixodidae), in north-central Colorado,
      USA.

PMID- 6827574
TI  - The effect of age, freezing and wing removal on the sexual response elicited by
      female Culicoides melleus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

PMID- 6827575
TI  - Seasonal population structure of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides SPP. (acari:
      Pyroglyphidae).

PMID- 6827578
TI  - Introducing preclinical students to primary care through a community
      preceptorship program.
AB  - In the 1980-81 academic year, the Morehouse School of Medicine implemented a
      preceptorship program designed to introduce preclinical students to primary care.
      The program is unique in that it is required for all first- and second-year
      students; it is continuous throughout the first two years of medical school; it
      exposes students to a variety of primary care specialties, settings, and practice
      modes; and it enables students to follow a family for one to two years. A
      preliminary evaluation of the program's first year indicates that it has had an
      impact on the students' attitudes, knowledge, and career plans. The objectives
      and operation of the program are described.

PMID- 6827577
TI  - Effect of immediate student evaluations on a multi-instructor course.
AB  - Immediate student feedback and peer evaluation by a single physician were used to
      evaluate and monitor an interdisciplinary multi-instructor course. Clinical
      Correlations with Pathology is taught during the second year of medical school by
      50 instructors, each of whom has a limited exposure to sophomore medical
      students. The format of the course, in which the same students evaluate multiple
      lecturers in multiple content areas, provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate
      the reliability and validity of student evaluations. About one-half of the
      lectures were repeated by the same instructors the following year to the next
      class of medical students, who also evaluated all of the lectures. Comparison of
      two consecutive sophomore classes of medical students documented overall course
      improvement and showed higher ratings given to instructors who presented the same
      lecture both years. Student evaluation is a powerful technique that can result in
      positive changes leading toward course improvement.

PMID- 6827576
TI  - The role of a medical education center in location decisions of practicing
      physicians.
AB  - The role of a medical education center in the decisions of physicians on where to
      practice was examined for all physicians locating in Rockford, Illinois, during
      1978-1980. Questions were asked concerning faculty status, factors influencing
      practice location decisions, and perceived advantages of association with a
      medical education center. The results indicated that a majority of the 57
      responding physicians did take the center into account when deciding to locate in
      Rockford; however, location in a mid-sized city and an opportunity for joint
      practice proved to be more influential factors than the possibility of a faculty
      appointment. Thus, while seldom the prime factor, the possibility of a faculty
      appointment. Thus, while seldom the prime factor, the medical education center
      was an important secondary factor and perhaps provided the margin of influence
      necessary to decide to locate in Rockford for those physicians inclined toward a
      smaller community.

PMID- 6827579
TI  - The role of the behavioral sciences in North American medical schools: an
      overview.

PMID- 6827581
TI  - Residents' perceptions of primary care versus traditional internal medicine
      programs.

PMID- 6827580
TI  - A simplified cost-finding methodology.

PMID- 6827582
TI  - Trends in internal medicine manpower: a comparison of two data sets.

PMID- 6827583
TI  - Problems faced by new directors of internal medicine residencies.

PMID- 6827584
TI  - Computer reporting of anesthesiologists' clinical activity.

PMID- 6827585
TI  - Clinical judgment of faculties in the evaluation of clerks.

PMID- 6827586
TI  - GME in geriatrics.

PMID- 6827587
TI  - Association of American Medical Colleges. Annual meeting and annual report, 1982.

PMID- 6827588
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and IgA deficiency.
AB  - A survey of 138 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (113 with
      nephritis) was carried out following the finding of a patient with membranous
      nephropathy and IgA deficiency who later developed SLE. Two hundred random
      hospital patients and 143 patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis were also
      studied. One patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome had IgA deficiency,
      but the other 342 patients had normal IgA concentrations. In the SLE group, in
      contrast, 4 patients had IgA deficiency and another patient prolonged IgA
      deficiency following phenytoin treatment. These and other published data suggest
      that the association of IgA deficiency is about 20 times more common in patients
      with SLE and nephritis than in the general population. This association may be a
      manifestation of defective T-cell regulation, a failure to eliminate immune
      complexes in the absence of IgA, or both.

PMID- 6827590
TI  - Total internal inflection fluorescent microscopy.
AB  - This review discusses applications of fluorescence microscopy using totally
      internally reflected excitation light. When totally internally reflected in a
      transparent solid at its interface liquid, the excitation light beam penetrates
      only a short distance into the liquid. This surface electromagnetic field, called
      the 'evanescent wave', can selectively excite fluorescent molecules in the liquid
      near the interface. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) has been used
      to examine the cell/substrate contact regions of primary cultured rat myotubes
      with acetylcholine receptors labelled by fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin and human
      skin fibroblasts labelled with a membrane-incorporated fluorescent lipid. TIRF
      examination of cell/surface contacts dramatically reduces background from cell
      autofluorescence and debris. TIRF has also been combined with fluorescence
      photobleaching recovery and correlation spectroscopy to measure the chemical
      kinetic binding rates and surface diffusion constant of fluorescent labelled
      serum protein binding (at equilibrium) to a surface.

PMID- 6827589
TI  - An improved method for isolation of tritium-labelled auto-antigen I of the human
      sperm membrane.
AB  - The isolation of tritium-labelled auto-antigen I of the human sperm membrane can
      be improved by including a gel chromatography step on a Sephadex G-200 column in
      the isolation procedure. The antigen was isolated from tritium-labelled
      spermatozoa by detergent solubilization, lectin affinity chromatography, gel
      chromatography and indirect immunoprecipitation. The gel chromatography removed
      the majority of material which binds non-specifically in the indirect
      immunoprecipitation and which had complicated the electrophoretic analysis of the
      isolated antigen. The auto-antigen was found to have a molecular weight greater
      than 150,000 and to exhibit an electrophoresis pattern of six polypeptide chains
      with molecular weights of 21,000, 32,000, 41,000, two around 77,000, and 120,000.

PMID- 6827592
TI  - Incarcerated obturator hernia.

PMID- 6827591
TI  - Video-enhanced microscopy with a computer frame memory.
AB  - Video-enhanced microscopy combined with the use of a computer frame memory
      extends considerably the useful range of our video enhanced contrast (AVEC)
      methods for polarizing, double-beam interference and differential interference
      contrast microscopy. Increased visual contrast is achieved by two stages of
      amplifications: the first optical, by using high bias retardation settings, and
      the second electronic. These steps are followed by a reduction of background
      brightness by means of a clamp voltage applied to a DC restoration circuit of the
      video camera. One of the limitations of the AVEC method alone is the inevitable
      appearance under high gain conditions of a pattern of mottle due to inaccessible
      dirt and defects in the lenses even of high quality. This limitation has been
      circumvented by storing the mottle pattern in the frame memory (frame store) and
      continuously subtracting it from each succeeding frame to clear the image. A
      major gain in image quality has resulted. In polarizing microscopy, the frame
      memory can be used also to subtract the image at one compensator setting from
      that at the equivalent setting of opposite sign, thus removing from the final
      image not only most of the mottle pattern but also the contrast due to the bright
      field contrast. In the polarizing microscope, these manipulations of the raw
      video image make it possible to observe and measure the birefringence of various
      organelles and elements such as microtubules, intermediate filaments and bundles
      of as few as a half dozen actin filaments. Since scattered light is also removed
      from the image, features hidden from view in the unprocessed image become
      visible. In differential interference microscopy, the AVEC method makes visible
      (i.e. detectable) many linear elements and particles that are an order of
      magnitude smaller than the resolution limit and not visible in the optical image.
      Such features are inflated by diffraction, however, to Airy disk size.

PMID- 6827593
TI  - Blunt thoracic aortic injuries.

PMID- 6827595
TI  - Primary physicians' care and referral of patients with psychiatric problems.

PMID- 6827596
TI  - The impact of a medical-school-based summer program on the acceptance of minority
      undergraduate students into health professional schools.
AB  - A summer program for minority-group undergraduate students who are oriented
      toward careers in health was established at the Tulane School of Medicine in
      1968. Students were admitted independent of their performance in undergraduate
      science courses. Beginning in 1972, follow-up statistics were maintained on all
      participants; utilizing these statistics, the authors evaluated the impact of
      summer program intervention on the acceptance rate into health professional
      schools of 303 participants between 1972 and 1979. The results show that 209 (70
      percent) of the participants were accepted by a health professional school,
      compared with 37 percent of 212 applicants to the 1976 summer program who were
      not selected for summer program participation. These results strongly suggest
      that summer program intervention plays a positive role in the student's attempt
      to gain admittance to a health professional school.

PMID- 6827597
TI  - Assessing the quality of care provided to pediatric patients by emergency room
      physicians.
AB  - Although the number of children seen in emergency rooms for nonemergency problems
      is increasing, relatively few of the physicians who staff such facilities are
      specialists in pediatrics. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the care
      that children receive in emergency rooms. A retrospective review of 450 charts
      was done, using implicit criteria for evaluating the process of care, to assess
      the quality of care provided to children seen by nonpediatricians in an emergency
      room. A schema of 15 categorical errors was used to record deficiencies in the
      charts of these patients. Errors were found in one or more of these categories in
      54.4 percent of these charts. Errors in the category of drug prescription,
      especially in dosage, were the most frequent. These findings may indicate
      inadequate preparation of emergency room physicians to care for the common
      problems of pediatric patients and may justify additional pediatric training for
      physicians who will be providing care to children in emergency rooms.

PMID- 6827594
TI  - Management of vaginal agenesis: report of a case.

PMID- 6827600
TI  - The president's inaugural address: insuring quality health care.

PMID- 6827598
TI  - Access of the black urban elderly to medical care.
AB  - Access to medical care of 492 black urban respondents 60 years of age and older
      was measured in a house-to-house survey in a large midwestern city. Of those in
      this study, 93 percent indicated that they had a regular source of medical care,
      and 88 percent reported a visit to a physician or clinic within the past year.
      These percentages are higher than those reported for the general population of
      elderly people in the United States. Physical limitation, general health, and
      mental health were related to access to medical care. Respondents who reported
      poorer physical and mental health were more likely to have a regular source of
      care and to have seen a physician in the past year.

PMID- 6827599
TI  - Use of activated partial thromboplastin time to monitor coumarin anticoagulation.
AB  - The activated partial thromboplastin time after heparin removal (aPTT/HR) is an
      anionexchange procedure that permits the unobstructed monitoring of the progress
      of coumarin anticoagulation by removing interfering heparin. An all-intrinsic
      pathway anticoagulant surveillance scheme based upon the aPTT/HR has been
      proposed and provisionally tested. The adoption of the new scheme will depend
      upon the identification of partial thromboplastins that are as predictable and
      reliable as the tissue thromboplastins in modern one-stage prothrombin times. In
      this study, the commercial APTT Reagent and Simplastin performed with equal
      sensitivity and specificity when evaluated by means of prothrombin group factor
      assays on coumarintreated subject plasmas. It is concluded that this commercial
      partial thromboplastin (1) is capable of being used for the purpose of following
      heparin, heparin plus coumarin, and coumarin anticoagulation; (2) is potentially
      able to identify more of the inherited and acquired derangements that can lead to
      anticoagulation-associated hemorrhage; and (3) is a universally available
      alternative to the traditional anticoagulant monitoring approach.

PMID- 6827601
TI  - The legal status of physicians on hospital staffs.

PMID- 6827602
TI  - Anencephaly: agent orange implications?
AB  - A case of anencephaly is presented and the question of its association with
      Dioxin ("agent orange") is raised.

PMID- 6827603
TI  - Aging research, black Americans, and the National Institute on Aging.
AB  - The number as well as proportion of persons over the age of 65 is growing at an
      unprecedented rate. Elderly blacks now comprise about 8 percent of the 24 million
      Americans over 65. Elderly people who are also minority-group members have
      special needs and concerns because of the double handicap posed by ageism and
      racism.Since its creation by Congress in 1974, the National Institute on Aging
      (NIA) has taken the lead in conducting and supporting medical, social, and
      behavioral research related to the aging process and the special problems and
      needs of the aged. The author discusses black-oriented research currently
      supported by the NIA and the priorities which the institute has established in
      attempting to meet the opportunities and challenges posed by the "graying" of our
      nation.

PMID- 6827604
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate: a disease of black men?

PMID- 6827605
TI  - Clonidine in opiate withdrawal.

PMID- 6827606
TI  - Internal mammary implantation: the need for revival of a simple technique.
AB  - Available statistics on breast cancer indicate a high frequency of positive
      internal mammary nodes, which is associated with decreased five-year survival
      rates. The close proximity of the majority of internal mammary nodes (87 percent
      within 1 cm) to the internal mammary vessels makes them easily accessible to high
      dose intravascular continuous irradiation by afterloading radioactive ribbons
      (iridium 192) in the internal mammary vessels that are surgically exposed. This
      is a simple technique that can be carried out at the time of mastectomy or as a
      separate procedure, either as a primary radiation modality, for post-XRT
      recurrence, or as a boost in combination with conventional parasternal radiation
      therapy. The step-by-step technique, indications, need for revival, and future
      implications are presented.

PMID- 6827608
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis: the Howard University Hospital experience.
AB  - All surgical cases from 1965 to 1980 and autopsy cases from 1974 to 1980
      diagnosed at Howard University Hospital as necrotizing fasciitis (NF) were
      reviewed. Eight patient fulfilled the criteria for NF, which included (1) fascial
      necrosis, (2) spreading cellulitis with undermining of fascial planes, and (3)
      systemic toxicity as evidenced by altered mental state and hyperthermia.
      Bacteroides fragilis was commonly found in our most recent cases. Poor prognostic
      signs included (1) documented bacteremia, (2) preoperative hypotension (systolic
      blood pressure lower than 80 mmHg), and (3) hypocalcemia (serum calcium less than
      7.0 mg/dL). Therapy consisted of wide debridement with systemic antibiotics and
      delayed skin grafting when needed.

PMID- 6827607
TI  - Nosocomial infection: update.
AB  - A preceptor program on nosocomial infection is offered at the Tuskegee VA Medical
      Center every six months. It is the only program of this type offered by any VA
      hospital. Enrollees include infection-control officers from regional hospitals
      who attend lectures and demonstrations covering a broad range of related issues.
      It is now accepted that such preceptorships, by increasing awareness of the risk
      factors and understanding of available preventive controls, can reduce the
      incidence of nosocomial infections.Up to 5 percent of the 40 million patients
      admitted to US hospitals each year are compromised by an infection acquired
      during the hospital stay. This leads to 70,000 deaths per year. The urinary tract
      is the origin of 40 percent of all nosocomial infections, and surgical wounds
      account for another 25 percent. Pneumonia is the culprit in 15 percent of cases.
      Primary bacteremias make up only 4 percent of nosocomial infections, but the
      mortality is 30 to 50 percent.Staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli, especially
      E coli, are the common organisms found in hospital-acquired infections.
      Opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, Candida, and a host of
      others, including Legionella, are found in debilitated patients.

PMID- 6827609
TI  - Congenital ocular toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Congenital ocular toxoplasmosis is a significant cause of blindness.
      Retinochoroiditis is the most common finding, but other ocular manifestations
      include microphthalmus, nystagmus, strabismus, and ptosis. The serologic tests
      and lymphocyte stimulation test are the most useful aids in making the diagnosis.
      Pyrimethamine, sulfonamides, and corticosteroids are useful to treat active
      lesions. Primary care physicians, obstetricians, and ophthalmologists may help to
      prevent transmission of the disease and its serious ocular sequelae.

PMID- 6827613
TI  - A nonclassifiable anaplastic tumor of the esophagus.
AB  - A highly malignant, anaplastic tumor of the esophagus in a middle-aged man is
      described. Despite critical examination of biopsy material by several
      pathologists, the tumor was deemed to be anaplastic and sarcomatous but otherwise
      unclassifiable. Despite prompt diagnosis following admission, the tumor
      metastasized and the patient rapidly died.

PMID- 6827610
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome or chronic factitious illness: a review and case
      presentation.
AB  - The psychosomatic disorder termed Munchausen's syndrome has gained official
      recognition in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical
      Manual of Mental Disorders, in which it is referred to as a "chronic factitious
      disorder with physical symptoms." Sporadic case reports have been published over
      the years. Few patients with this disorder allow themselves to be psychologically
      evaluated or seek treatment for the disorder itself. We report here an unusual
      case in which a young woman sought help for her hospital-peregrinating behavior.

PMID- 6827612
TI  - The bronchial challenge test: a new direction in asthmatic management.
AB  - BRONCHIAL ASTHMA CAN BE DIAGNOSED WHEN A PATIENT DEVELOPS THE CLINICAL
      MANIFESTATIONS OF BRONCHIAL REACTIVITY: wheezing, cough, tachypnea, and dyspnea.
      Occasionally, despite immunotherapy, bronchodilator therapy, and avoidance of the
      provocative factors, some asthmatic patients do not respond to treatment.
      Bronchial inhalation challenge, a method to test airway reactivity after
      inhalation of a nonspecific drug, can be used to plan and assess different modes
      of treatment, as well as screen for bronchial hyperreactivity in an occupational
      setting.

PMID- 6827614
TI  - The Othello syndrome.
AB  - A case of the Othello syndrome is presented. In its classical form the syndrome
      is rare, but as with other allied paranoid states, its medicosocial implications
      are great. Rational management should include pharmacotherapy, conjoint family
      therapy after symptom remission, and long-term individual psychotherapy.

PMID- 6827616
TI  - The active management of prolonged labor.
AB  - There has been growing concern in the medical community about the rising rate of
      cesarean sections. Use of the modified manual rotation technique on the arrested
      fetal head has resulted in a decrease in the number of sections, length of
      hospital stay, and, consequently, the cost of care.No longer is it necessary to
      operate on every woman who comes to the end of the second stage of labor in the
      persistent occiput posterior or transverse arrest position. This technique also
      helps to reduce, if not eliminate, the more difficult and traumatic midforcep
      rotations and extractions.

PMID- 6827617
TI  - Trichloroethane (TCE) and central sleep apnea: a case study.

PMID- 6827615
TI  - Cephalosporins: recent developments.
AB  - Cephalosporin antibiotics have attained a significant role in managing bacterial
      diseases. The author discusses the second- and third-generation cephalosporins in
      this review.

PMID- 6827611
TI  - Management of attention deficit disorders.
AB  - Attention deficit disorders are not uncommon in the clinics and office practice
      of child psychiatrists. The diagnosis, evaluation, and comprehensive treatment of
      this disorder are discussed.

PMID- 6827618
TI  - Oral toxicity of malonaldehyde: a 90-day study on mice.
AB  - The oral toxicity of malonaldehyde (MA), a product of lipid peroxidation found in
      some foods, was investigated in a 90-d study on mice, MA as the sodium enol salt
      was administered in the drinking water to 8-wk-old female Swiss mice at levels
      calculated to provide 2, 10, 50, 250, or 500 micrograms/g body weight . d. There
      was no mortality and all groups gained weight at comparable rates except that
      those that received 500 micrograms/g body weight . d gained more slowly and lost
      weight after 50 d. Histopathological examination of 27 tissues indicated that the
      liver was the only organ that underwent dose-dependent changes. All levels of MA
      induced irregularities (anisokaryosis, hyperchromicity, vesiculation) of hepatic
      nuclei. Pancreatic lesions consisting primarily of atrophy of the exocrine cells
      with loss of zymogen granulation occurred in animals which received 500
      micrograms MA/g body weight . d. Mild dysplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium
      was found in all treatment groups. Approximately 1% of the dose was excreted
      unchanged in the urine at each level of administration.

PMID- 6827619
TI  - Tissue distribution of lead in the neonatal rat exposed to multiple doses of lead
      acetate.
AB  - The tissue distribution of lead (Pb) was examined in the neonatal rat
      intragastrically administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg, containing 210Pb) beginning
      on d 6 postpartum and thereafter at 3-d intervals to d 18. A time-dependent
      pattern of uptake was observed in bone, kidney, liver, and brain, while stomach,
      lung, heart, and spleen had no accumulation of Pb. The highest concentration of
      Pb at d 21 was detected in bone, and the least amount was found in blood and
      brain. Body weight was not significantly affected by the level of Pb exposure
      employed.

PMID- 6827621
TI  - Deposition of sulfuric acid mists in the respiratory tract of beagle dogs.
AB  - Beagle dogs were exposed to 35S-labeled sulfuric acid mists. The size range of
      the mist droplets was 0.4-1.1 micrometer mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD),
      and the external relative humidity was 20 or 80%. Immediate isolation of the
      respiratory tract and measurement of radioactivity in specified portions allowed
      determination of regional deposition. It was found that inhaled sulfuric acid
      mists in the size ranges studied had deposition patterns similar to those for dry
      aerosols. The effect of hygroscopicity for these aerosols was not dominant in
      determining the site of deposition.

PMID- 6827620
TI  - A comparison of the pulmonary effects of 0.5 ppm versus 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide
      plus sodium chloride droplets in asthmatic adolescents.
AB  - The effects of inhaled sulfur dioxide (SO2) on pulmonary function in nine
      adolescent subjects with extrinsic asthma were studied. The exposure modes,
      inhaled via a mouthpiece, were (1) 1 mg/m3 sodium chloride solution droplet
      aerosol (NaCl); (2) 0.5 ppm SO2 + NaCl; or (3) 1.0 ppm SO2 + NaCl. All exposures
      were at greater than or equal to 75% relative humidity and approximately 22
      degrees C. The following pulmonary functional measurements, with the subject
      seated in a body plethysmograph, were recorded: total respiratory resistance
      (RT), functional residual capacity (FRC), maximal flow at 50% and 75% expired
      vital capacity (Vmax50 and Vmax75), and forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1). Following 10 min of exposure to either SO2 mode during moderate exercise
      on a treadmill, statistically significant changes in all pulmonary functional
      measurements except FRC were seen. There were no statistically significant
      changes following 10 min of exposure during moderate exercise to the NaCl droplet
      aerosol alone. Since the average pulmonary changes following exposure to 0.5 ppm
      SO2 mixture during moderate exercise ranged from 8 to 47%, we conclude that this
      dose of SO2 is above the response threshold for these subjects. To explore the
      effects of nasal (or oronasal) inhalation on the SO2-induced pulmonary functional
      changes, 7 of the 9 subjects inhaled 0.5 ppm SO2 + NaCl via a face mask with no
      nose clips. The average percentage changes in pulmonary functional values seen
      after exposure via face mask were similar to those seen after exposure via
      mouthpiece. However, the changes seen after exposure via face mask were not as
      consistent as following inhalation via mouthpiece and not statistically different
      from baseline. We conclude that oral, and to a lesser degree oronasal, inhalation
      of 0.5 ppm of SO2 elicits SO2-induced changes in pulmonary function in these
      subjects.

PMID- 6827622
TI  - In vivo and in vitro NO2 exposures enhance phagocytic and tumoricidal activities
      of rat alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Rat alveolar macrophages (AM) were exposed in vivo or in vitro to nitrogen
      dioxide (NO2) and subsequently tested for phagocytic and tumoricidal activities.
      AM obtained by lavage from Fischer 344/N rats exposed for 4 h to 40 ppm NO2 were
      significantly more phagocytic to opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC),
      exhibited an increased cytotoxic response toward syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma
      cells, and were more sensitive to activation by agents such as
      lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide, and macrophage-activating factor, as
      compared with the response of AM obtained from unexposed control rats. Repeated 4
      h/d NO2 exposures over 7-d or 14-d periods usually resulted in AM activity
      similar to control levels, with some instances of increased phagocytic activity
      of the AM but not to the extent of that observed for a single 4 h exposure. There
      were no significant decreases in the cytotoxic or phagocytic activities of the AM
      during any of the exposure periods. For the in vitro exposures, AM were lavaged
      from normal rats and then exposed for various periods to 10, 20, or 40 ppm NO2. A
      dose-related and time-dependent enhanced cytotoxic response of AM was observed.
      Maximum AM-mediated cytotoxicity occurred after an in vitro exposure to 10 ppm
      NO2 for 2 h. The cytotoxic response was directed toward syngeneic mammary
      adenocarcinoma cells but not against syngeneic embryoblast cells, indicating that
      the AM retained the ability to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells. No
      inhibitory effects of NO2 on AM-mediated cytotoxicity were observed. These
      experiments suggest that the host AM-mediated immune defense of the lung may be
      modulated by host exposure to inhaled chemicals.

PMID- 6827623
TI  - An evaluation of the teratogenic potential of protracted exposure of pregnant
      rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation: I. Morphologic analysis at term.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to study the effects of protracted
      prenatal exposure of rats to a 20-mW/cm2 power density level of microwave
      radiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz. Preliminary studies using 24 rats indicated
      that this power density level did not cause a significant increase in maternal
      body temperature as measured by a rectal thermocouple. Of 75 pregnant rats, 12
      were exposed to microwave radiation, 4 sham-irradiated, and 59 used as
      environmental control animals. Rats were exposed throughout pregnancy for a total
      exposure time of approximately 270 h. Daily maternal weights were recorded before
      irradiation. At term animals were killed, selected maternal tissues were removed,
      and fetal and placental positions and weights were recorded. After fixation for
      at least 3 wk, 462 term fetuses were dissected and examined for abnormalities. No
      significant alterations were observed for the following parameters: maternal
      weight gain during pregnancy, term maternal organ weights (brain, liver, kidneys,
      ovaries), term fetal weight, resorption rate, or abnormality rate. These results
      indicate that the protracted exposure of pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwave
      radiation at a power density level of 20 mW/cm2 is not embryopathic.

PMID- 6827624
TI  - An evaluation of the teratogenic potential of protracted exposure of pregnant
      rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. II. Postnatal psychophysiologic analysis.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether protracted prenatal exposure
      of rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation at a power density level of 20 mW/cm2
      would significantly alter postnatal growth and psychophysiologic development. Of
      75 pregnant rats, 12 were exposed to microwave radiation, 4 sham-irradiated, and
      59 served as environmental control animals. Forty-five females were allowed to
      deliver their offspring. The neonates were examined and weighed on d 3 and weekly
      thereafter until 87 d of age. Neonatal reflex tests were initiated as early as d
      3 (surface righting, air righting, auditory startle, visual placing). One
      physiologic parameter, eye opening, was also observed. Mothers were rebred 10 d
      after weaning and a morphologic evaluation was completed on the second litter.
      Behavioral tests were begun at 60 d of age and included water T-maze, conditioned
      avoidance response, open field, activity wheel, forelimb hanging, and swimming.
      At 90 d of age offspring were bred within and across groups, and a morphologic
      teratologic analyses was completed on the offspring. Representative tissue
      samples were collected and organ weights recorded for the brain, liver, kidneys,
      and gonads of all animals. Analyses of the data indicated that there were no
      significant malformations or significant alterations in the neonatal physiologic
      or reflex test results, body/organ weight ratios, or breeding results in the
      adult offspring. There were no significant alterations in five of the six adult
      behavioral tests. There were significant differences in activity among the
      irradiated and control offspring between the sexes, the irradiated offspring
      being more active. These results are indicative of possible radiation-induced
      behavioral alterations. Further studies are needed to explore the possibility of
      microwave radiation-related alterations in animal behavior.

PMID- 6827625
TI  - Effect of toxaphene exposure on immune responses in mice.
AB  - Toxaphene was fed to female weanling Swiss-Webster mice at dosages of 10, 100,
      and 200 ppm for 8 wk. Immunologic assays revealed depressed IgG antibody
      formation in those animals receiving 100 and 200 ppm toxaphene, as compared to
      controls. Cell-mediated immune responses were not affected in the toxaphene
      exposed mice. In another experiment, mature female mice fed the same amounts of
      toxaphene were mated 3 wk after feeding began and were maintained on the diets
      until 3 wk after parturition, at which time the pups were weaned onto the control
      ration. Assays performed on the offspring 8 wk after their birth revealed
      suppressed antibody formation in the 100-ppm-toxaphene group and enhanced
      antibody formation in the 200-ppm group. The cell-mediated immune response was
      suppressed in the offspring from the 100-ppm group, while no change from the
      controls occurred in the other groups. Phagocytic ability of macrophages was
      significantly reduced in all toxaphene-treated groups, but to a greater extent in
      the offspring of the mice that consumed 100 ppm toxaphene.

PMID- 6827626
TI  - Distribution, excretion, and metabolism of nitro-p-phenylenediamine in rats.
AB  - The distribution, excretion, and metabolism of nitro-p-phenylenediamine, a
      constituent of hair dye, was studied after administration of [14C]nitro-p
      phenylene-diamine (2.6 mg/30 microCi/kg) to male rats. After intraperitoneal
      administration, 37.4% of the radioactivity administered was excreted in the urine
      and 54.3% in the feces within 24 h. After intravenous administration, 42.2% of
      the radioactivity was excreted in the bile within 24 h. The highest concentration
      of radioactivity in tissues was found at 1 h, except in the small and large
      intestines, followed by a rapid decrease in concentration. Only small amounts of
      radioactivity were found in the tissues 48 h after administration. Some of the
      radioactive materials in the urine were separated by thin-layer chromatography
      and identified as N1,N4-diacetyl-2-amino-p-phenylenediamine, N4-acetyl-2-nitro-p
      phenylenediamine, and unchanged nitro-p-phenylenediamine.

PMID- 6827627
TI  - The natural history of major burns with multiple subsystem failure.

PMID- 6827628
TI  - The effect of blister fluid from thermally injured patients on normal lymphocyte
      transformation.
AB  - Patients, after major thermal injury, often develop multiple in vitro immunologic
      abnormalities. The etiology of these immune defects is unknown, although there is
      evidence suggesting that these defects may be the results of circulating
      suppressor substance(s). To evaluate the role of the local injury in the
      development of immune incompetence the biologic effect of blister fluid from
      control lymphocyte mitogenic response to PHA was studied. Blister fluid from 35
      patients, mean burn size 29% (range, 1-85% TBSA) was added to a standard
      lymphocyte blastogenic assay, using various concentrations of PHA (from 0.5
      micrograms to 40 micrograms per well). Eight of these 35 patients (23%) had
      blister fluid which suppressed the control lymphocyte blastogenic response
      greater than 50%. Two patients with suppressive blister fluids also had
      suppressive serum. In contrast, only two of the nine patients whose blister fluid
      was not suppressive had suppressive serum. This suppressive activity was not
      related to bacterial contamination nor to the presence of detectable levels of
      endotoxin.

PMID- 6827629
TI  - Reticuloendothelial depressing substance and burn injury in animals and patients.
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate the relative time courses of the
      presence of a reticuloendothelial (RE) depressing substance and
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function following thermal injury in
      animals: additionally, RE depressing activity was determined in burned patients.
      Following thermal injury in dogs, RE depressing activity was first detected 2 hr
      after injury and persisted for 12 hr. RE depressing activity was present in the
      circulation of burned rats at 3 and 24 hr but not 48 hr after injury. RES
      phagocytic function was also depressed at 3 and 24 hr but not at 48 hr after
      thermal injury in rats, showing that there was a close association between the
      presence of RE depressing activity and RES depression. Injection of RE depressing
      substance into normal animals depressed the RES for less than 60 min. Five of six
      burned patients studied within 5 days after injury had detectable RE depressing
      activity in their circulation. These findings further support the concept that a
      RE depressing substance contributes to the depression of RES phagocytic function
      and impairment of host defense following thermal injury.

PMID- 6827630
TI  - Blunt renal trauma in children.
AB  - From 1969 to 1981 blunt renal injuries were recorded in 219 children up to the
      age of 16 years. All children with renal laceration, rupture, or pedicle injury
      had associated injuries, and 76% of them had a laparotomy for intra-abdominal
      injury. Conservative management of five severe renal injuries in children
      resulted in 40% having a delayed renal operation and a total renal loss in 40%. A
      review of the published series of conservative management of severe renal
      injuries in children shows a renal surgery rate of 17 to 70%, a renal loss rate
      of 5 to 40%, and a significant complication/renal surgery rate of 32 to 80%. If
      conservative management of severe renal injuries in the multiple-injured child is
      used then up to 70% will require a second operation for the renal injury in a
      critically ill child recovering from the first operation. The nephrectomy rate
      with immediate surgical management of 16 severe renal injuries was 11% with nine
      renal lacerations, 100% with four renal ruptures, and 33% with three pedicle
      injuries. Two (67%) of the three pedicle injuries had immediate vascular repair
      with salvage of the kidney. There was increased renal salvage, reduced morbidity,
      and no need for a second exploration with immediate surgical management of severe
      renal injuries.

PMID- 6827631
TI  - Renal trauma requiring surgery: an analysis of 185 cases.
AB  - Successful management of patients with renal trauma requires definition of the
      extent of injury and knowledge of the indications for exploration. The 185
      consecutive cases of renal trauma requiring surgery at Parkland Memorial Hospital
      between 1976 and 1980 are reviewed. Injury was due to penetrating trauma in 85%
      of cases, and blunt trauma in 15%. The most common associated injuries following
      penetrating trauma were to liver, small bowel, stomach, and colon; splenic injury
      was more common in blunt trauma. Renal pedicle injuries in 26 patients (14%) had
      an operative mortality of 12% compared to 5.4% for the entire group. Renal
      salvage occurred in 85, 70, and 64% of stab wounds, gunshots, and blunt trauma,
      respectively. The importance of prompt and accurate radiographic assessment of
      injury with aggressive use of renal arteriography is stressed.

PMID- 6827632
TI  - Effects of diethylstilbestrol, 17 beta estradiol, and progesterone on plasma
      fibrinogen levels in rats submitted to tissue injury (laparotomy).
AB  - Participation of estrogens (17 beta estradiol, diethylstilbestrol) and
      progesterone in the increase of plasma fibrinogen levels in female rats submitted
      to tissue injury (laparotomy) was studied. Ovariectomy avoided the increase of
      fibrinogen observed in laparotomized rats, while the administration of 17 beta
      estradiol or diethylstilbestrol to laparotomized-ovariectomized rats increased
      fibrinogen to levels similar to those observed in the group of laparotomized rats
      without other treatment. On the other hand, progesterone inhibited the increase
      of fibrinogen which is typical of laparotomy in both groups: one of laparotomized
      rats and the other of laparotomized rats injected with estrogens. Neither
      estrogens nor progesterone modify plasma fibrinogen levels in uninjured rats. It
      is concluded that estrogens might participate in the fibrinogen increase observed
      after tissue injury in female rats, and on the contrary, the administration of
      progesterone would render that increase null.

PMID- 6827634
TI  - Frostbite injuries: a rational approach based on the pathophysiology.
AB  - The breakdown products of arachidonic acid have been implicated as mediators of
      progressive dermal ischemia in both cold and thermal injuries. Increased tissue
      survival can be demonstrated experimentally with the preservation of the dermal
      microcirculation by using antiprostaglandin agents and thromboxane inhibitors.
      Thirty-eight consecutive patients (28 males and 10 females aged 2 mo to 46 yr)
      with frostbite injuries were treated at the University of Chicago's Burn Center
      in January 1982 with a protocol designed to decrease the production of
      thromboxane locally and prostaglandins systemically. All patients recovered
      without significant tissue loss. The average hospital stay was 5.6 days for acute
      injuries and 6.9 days for subacute injuries.

PMID- 6827635
TI  - A safe technique for diagnostic peritoneal lavage.

PMID- 6827636
TI  - A new emergency cricothyroidotomy instrument.
AB  - Cricothyroidotomy is an excellent emergency procedure for airway obstruction
      which cannot be relieved by oral or nasal intubation. Important factors for a
      device for emergency cricothyroidotomy include selective airways, an airway lumen
      of sufficient size to permit suctioning or adequate airflow during spontaneous
      breathing, and the ability to assess depth and angle of penetration. An
      instrument that is simple to insert, offers protection against overpenetration,
      minimizes bleeding, and provides an airway offering a variety of lumens is
      described. It appears to provide an ideal means of accomplishing an emergency
      cricothyroidotomy for airway obstruction.

PMID- 6827633
TI  - Neuroma formation following digital amputations.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with 144 digital amputations performed at the
      University of Colorado Health Sciences Center between 1978 and 1980 were
      retrospectively reviewed. In this group, four patients demonstrated painful
      amputation stumps. Two of these were treated by surgical excision of neuromas and
      two patients, who had more vague complaints, were treated by desensitization
      which decreased the sensitivity of their stumps and allowed them to return to
      work. It is felt that this low incidence of painful neuromas and amputation
      stumps is due to the positive postoperative effort to send patients back to work
      as soon as possible, allowing them to perform their own therapy and thereby
      minimizing their disability and tendency to develop pain problems.

PMID- 6827637
TI  - Delayed splenic rupture: the phoenix.
AB  - An emergency splenectomy was necessary 25 days after blunt injury of a patient
      whose initial peritoneal lavage was negative, whose visceral angiograms were
      negative, and whose abdomen remained asymptomatic during interval intensive
      observations. Delayed splenic rupture can occur rarely in the face of extensive
      diagnostic evaluation.

PMID- 6827639
TI  - Pneumopericardium occurring during a high-speed motorcycle ride.

PMID- 6827638
TI  - Traumatic bronchobiliary fistula.
AB  - Bronchobiliary fistulae have very rarely been reported as a result of trauma.
      Herein, a case is reported and seven previous cases discussed. All were a result
      of thoraco-abdominal injuries and all had biliptysis. Early exploration via a
      transthoracic approach is recommended. This approach resulted in a shortened
      hospital stay and decreased morbidity.

PMID- 6827640
TI  - Self-mutilation.

PMID- 6827642
TI  - Penetrating thoracic injuries.

PMID- 6827641
TI  - Cerebral edema following acute hemorrhage in a murine model: the role of
      crystalloid resuscitation.

PMID- 6827644
TI  - Pediatric trauma: an algorithm for diagnosis and therapy.
AB  - Management of the pediatric patient sustaining a traumatic injury is influenced
      by patient size, surface area to body mass ratio, thermoregulation, and fluid
      requirements. A predetermined and systematic approach to the injured child
      guarantees recognition of life-threatening injuries and provides a method for
      rapid stabilization. The algorithm is divided into two distinct phases: life
      support and post-stabilization. The unique aspects of care of the injured child
      are highlighted to emphasize the significant differences in resuscitation and
      diagnosis from that of the adult patient.

PMID- 6827643
TI  - An evaluation of perfluorochemical resuscitation after hypoxic hypotension.
AB  - The relative performance of whole blood and saline, a balanced salt-albumin
      solution, and Fluosol-43 were compared in an experimental animal model of
      combined hypoxia and hypotension. The test fluids were evaluated in terms of
      their respective ability to restore mean arterial pressure and provide adequate
      oxygen to restore and maintain a normal brain cytochrome a,a3 redox state,
      restore and sustain normal cerebral cortical ATP and creatinine phosphate
      concentrations (CP), and return cerebral cortical lactate concentrations to
      normal after the hypoxic-hypotensive period. With regard to ATP, CP, lactate, and
      cytochrome a,a3, all three test fluids performed equally well inasmuch as there
      were no significant differences between groups. None of the test regimens
      resulted in normal ATP concentration post-hypoxic hypotension. Although CP
      concentrations were lower than baseline after resuscitation, the difference was
      not statistically significant. Fluosol-43 resuscitation resulted in a
      significantly higher (p less than 0.05) mean arterial pressure by 120 minutes
      post-resuscitation. It was concluded that Fluosol-43 is an acceptable
      resuscitative fluid, most beneficial at extremely low hematocrits, but that
      selection of Fluosol-43 over balanced salt-albumin could not be supported when
      post-resuscitation hematocrits were in the 20 to 25% range.

PMID- 6827645
TI  - Hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's syndrome.
AB  - Hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's syndrome present a continuing
      challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Sixty-two consecutive such patients have been
      reviewed. With or without operation, there was very high rate of mortality (31%)
      and complications. However, the functional results, the ability to walk,
      progression of the disability, and the quality of life were significantly better
      after operation. The results suggest that operation is the preferable solution
      for these patients. They require, however, much more particular care than other
      patients with hip fractures. This includes adequate adjusted antiparkinson
      medication, appropriate anesthesia with special attention to adequate ventilation
      and postoperative analgesia, more intensive respiratory and functional
      physiotherapy, very meticulous nursing care, and a relatively extended period of
      preventive antibiotics.

PMID- 6827646
TI  - Fine structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans secretory-excretory system.
AB  - The secretory-excretory system of C. elegans, reconstructed from serial-section
      electron micrographs of larvae, is composed of four cells, the nuclei of which
      are located on the ventral side of the pharynx and adjacent intestine. (1) The
      pore cell encloses the terminal one-third of the excretory duct which leads to an
      excretory pore at the ventral midline. (2) The duct cell surrounds the excretory
      duct with a lamellar membrane from the origin of the duct at the excretory sinus
      to the pore cell boundary. (3) A large H-shaped excretory cell extends bilateral
      canals anteriorly and posteriorly nearly the entire length of the worm. The
      excretory sinus within the cell body joins the lumena of the canals with the
      origin of the duct. (4) A binucleate, A-shaped gland cell extends bilateral
      processes anteriorly from cell bodies located just behind the pharynx. These
      processes are fused at the anterior tip of the cell, where the cell enters the
      circumpharyngeal nerve ring. The processes are also joined at the anterior edge
      of the excretory cell body, where the excretory cell and gland are joined to the
      duct cell at the origin of the duct. Secretory granules may be concentrated in
      the gland near this secretory-excretory junction. Although the gland cells of all
      growing developmental stages stain positively with paraldehyde-fuchsin, the gland
      of the dauer larva stage (a developmentally arrested third-stage larva) does not
      stain, nor do glands of starved worms of other stages. Dauer larvae uniquely lack
      secretory granules, and the gland cytoplasm is displaced by a labyrinth of large,
      transparent spaces. Exit from the dauer stage results in the return of active
      secretory morphology in fourth-stage larvae.

PMID- 6827647
TI  - Freeze-fracture analysis of phloem structure in plant tissue cultures. II. The
      sieve element plasma membrane.
AB  - Sieve element plasma membranes reveal a unique distribution of intramembrane
      particles (IMPs) in tissue cultures fixed and cyroprotected prior to freeze
      fracturing. Sieve element IMPs are smaller than those found in the plasma
      membranes of callus parenchyma cells from these same cultures. The PF/EF ratio of
      plasma membrane IMPs is 9.6 for parenchyma cells and 1.21 for sieve elements. The
      increased binding of IMPs to the sieve element E face may be related to the role
      of membrane proteins in the loading of sucrose and other molecules by these
      cells. The enlargement of the cell wall at the site of sieve area pores creates
      complementary ridges and depressions in the E and P fracture faces of sieve
      element plasma membranes. No alteration of IMP density is seen at the sieve area
      pore site.

PMID- 6827648
TI  - Freeze-fracture analysis of phloem structure in plant tissue cultures. III. P
      Protein, sieve area pores, and wounding.
AB  - Phloem sieve elements in small nodules of callus tissue have open sieve pores and
      scattered P-protein when the tissue is fixed intact. Intentionally slicing the
      nodules prior to fixation results in the formation of wound responses, including
      an alteration in P-protein distribution and the formation of plugged sieve pores.
      Freeze-fracture replicas show well-preserved P-protein as randomly oriented
      filaments in intact sieve elements. Wounded sieve elements, however, demonstrate
      dense bundles of oriented P-protein filaments in freeze-fracture replicas. Open
      pores with few P-protein filaments are seen in replicas of undamaged sieve
      elements. These callus nodules can be used as a model system to investigate
      phloem structure, function, and wounding.

PMID- 6827650
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage
      phi 6 in vitro.
AB  - Three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 (L, M, and S) were
      transcribed in vitro by a virion-associated RNA polymerase. Regulation of L
      transcription was distinct from regulation of M and S transcription.
      Transcription of the L segment, which codes for early proteins, required
      manganous ion and high concentrations of all four ribonucleoside triphosphates
      and was inhibited by polyamines such as spermine. Transcription of the M and S
      segments, which code for late proteins, required manganous or magnesium ion and
      relatively low concentrations of all ribonucleoside triphosphates except GTP and
      was enhanced by polyamines. Optimal conditions for L transcription were more
      stringent than those for M and S transcription. These two apparently different
      patterns produced in in vitro transcription presumably reflect the two distinct
      in vivo transcription patterns; i.e., (i) similar amounts of three single
      stranded RNA species were transcribed from the three corresponding segments of
      double-stranded RNA (early pattern) and (ii) a much larger amount of single
      stranded RNA species was transcribed from M and S segments than from the L
      segment (late pattern). The early transcription pattern may be changed into the
      late pattern by a change of environment, such as substrate concentration. This
      suggests that the different enzymatic properties under the different
      environmental conditions of the virion-associated transcriptase are responsible
      for the transcriptional regulation throughout the infection cycle of
      bacteriophage phi 6.

PMID- 6827649
TI  - Freeze-fracture studies of chemotactic peptide-induced exocytosis in neutrophils:
      evidence for two patterns of secretory granule fusion.
AB  - Rabbit neutrophils were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and then either quick-frozen
      and freeze-fractured or embedded and thin-sectioned. Cells exposed to 10(8) M N
      formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) and 5 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B at
      22 degrees C underwent a rapid, compound exocytosis. Within 10 sec after
      stimulation, narrow pores were seen joining individual peripheral granules with
      the plasma membrane. Sequential fusion of interior granules occurred between 20
      and 60 sec and took on two different patterns. The first consisted of a linearly
      directed series of fusion events resulting in a radial array of tapering
      invaginations directed toward the cell center. The second pattern consisted of an
      undirected fusion of larger granules to form highly branched structures. These
      granules were often connected by narrow tubules and in some cases a series of
      fused granules would end in a small, vesiclelike tip. This suggested that
      sequential fusion may involve a set of smaller vesicles as well as the granule
      membranes themselves.

PMID- 6827651
TI  - Bacteriophage SPO1 structure and morphogenesis. III. SPO1 proteins and synthesis.
AB  - The virion proteins of SPO1 have been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods on purified phage components and on
      phage lysates. The phage head contains 16 proteins, and the connector or neck
      structure has an additional 3 proteins not found in the head. The proximal part
      of the tail, composed of sheath, tube and connecting components, contains six
      proteins. The distal baseplate is the most complex structure, with 28 proteins
      identifiable on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. The maximum number of proteins found
      in phage subassemblies is 53, which would account for nearly half the coding
      capacity of the SPO1 genome.

PMID- 6827653
TI  - Intracisternal A particles: RNA expression and DNA methylation in murine
      teratocarcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Two main intracisternal-A-particle-specific RNA species (29 to 30S and 35 to 36S)
      are variably expressed in particle-producing and particle-nonproducing murine
      teratocarcinoma cell lines. An analysis of DNA methylation patterns after
      hybridization with an intracisternal-A-particle-specific probe showed an apparent
      direct correlation between DNA methylation and RNA expression. However, when the
      methylation assay was performed on the excised intracisternal A particle genes in
      one of the particle-rich cell lines (PCC6), some undermethylated sequences were
      detectable. These results are consistent with the concept that only few of the
      genes are transcriptionally active.

PMID- 6827652
TI  - Molecular cloning and analysis of the endogenous retrovirus chemically induced
      from RFM/Un mouse cell cultures.
AB  - We molecularly cloned and analyzed an N-tropic ecotropic retrovirus induced with
      iododeoxyuridine from RFM/Un mouse cell cultures. Based on the restriction map,
      the RFM/Un virus appears to be indistinguishable from other induced N-tropic
      retroviruses. A nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of an
      infectious clone revealed structural features characteristic of murine type C
      retrovirus long terminal repeats. The U3 region of the RFM/Un virus long terminal
      repeat, however, contained no short sequence duplication or insertion found in
      other murine leukemia virus isolates.

PMID- 6827655
TI  - Analysis of the protein-protein interactions in the parvovirus H-1 capsid.
AB  - The structure of the icosahedral capsid of the H-1 parvovirus was probed by
      chemical cross-linking methods. Treatment of empty capsids with high-molecular
      weight polyethylene glycols resulted in irreversible aggregation of the minor
      capsid protein VP1. Multimers of VP1 containing at least five and perhaps six
      molecules were obtained, but only with empty capsids and not with the full, DNA
      containing virus. Cross-linking of the empty capsids with dimethylsuberimidate
      confirmed the assignments of the products formed after treatment with
      polyethylene glycol. With dimethylsuberimidate the most abundant product was a
      heterologous dimer containing VP1 and the major capsid protein VP2'. A small
      amount of homologous VP2' dimer was also obtained, but the majority of VP2'
      remained unreacted even at high concentrations of dimethylsuberimidate. The
      capsid proteins of the full virus, on the other hand, were completely unreactive
      to dimethylsuberimidate. The data suggest that the minor protein VP1 may be
      clustered in the capsid and perhaps composes one or two of the morphological
      units of the icosahedral shell.

PMID- 6827656
TI  - Adrenal surgery--current state of the art.

PMID- 6827657
TI  - Observations of a part-time urodynamicist.

PMID- 6827658
TI  - Renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance: 100 consecutive biopsies in children.
AB  - To examine the number of renal biopsies in correlation with the pattern of
      referrals as well as the major categories of renal diseases for the procedure
      peculiar to children, the data of 100 consecutive percutaneous renal biopsies
      using disposable biopsy needles under ultrasound guidance in 99 children were
      reviewed. To examine the risks and accuracy of the procedure the estimated depth
      of the kidney by ultrasound, the actual biopsy depth, the success rate and the
      complications were evaluated. With rare exception, 1 core of renal tissue was
      obtained per single needle insertion; 109 needle insertions yielded 103 cores. Of
      the specimens 92 per cent contained more than 10 glomeruli. Gross hematuria with
      the first voiding post-biopsy occurred in 12 per cent of the cases but persisted
      beyond 24 hours in only 1 per cent. No long-term complications were observed.
      Percutaneous renal biopsy with the disposable needle guided by ultrasound
      represents a considerable advance in diagnostic technique and deserves wider
      application in the evaluation and management of a number of pediatric kidney
      disorders.

PMID- 6827654
TI  - Control of adenovirus gene expression: cellular gene products restrict expression
      of adenovirus host range mutants in nonpermissive cells.
AB  - Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) host range mutants dl312 and hr-1, with lesions in region
      E1A (0 to 4.5 map units) of the viral genome, fail to accumulate virus-specific
      early RNA during infection in HeLa cells. In a recent report, we showed that the
      addition of anisomycin, a stringent inhibitor of protein synthesis, at 1 h after
      infection of HeLa cells with hr-1 virus resulted in the accumulation of properly
      spliced and translatable mRNA from all early regions (M. G. Katze, H. Persson,
      and L. Philipson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 1:807-813, 1981). Based on these results we
      proposed a model in which expression of early mutant RNA was achieved through
      inactivation of a cellular protein normally causing a reduction in the amount of
      viral RNA. These studies have been extended in the present report, which shows
      that early viral proteins can be detected in Ad5 dl312- and Ad5 hr-1-infected
      HeLa cells which have been treated for several hours with anisomycin either
      shortly after infection or before infection. A pulse of drug treatment also
      resulted in expression of substantial amounts of adenovirus structural proteins
      after infection with both Ad5 hr-1 and Ad5 dl312, whereas in drug-free controls
      no late proteins were detected. The Ad5 hr-1 virus previously reported to be DNA
      replication negative in nonpermissive HeLa cells was found to replicate its DNA,
      albeit at low levels, when anisomycin was present either from 1 to 5 h
      postinfection or for 5 h before infection. When infectious virus production was
      examined in mutant-infected cells the titer of Ad5 dl312 virus was found to
      increase at least 500-fold in anisomycin-treated HeLa cells. Taken together,
      these and our previous results suggest that the block in gene expression
      characteristic for complementation group I Ad5 host range mutants in HeLa cells
      can be overcome by inactivating cellular gene products serving as negative
      regulators of viral gene expression.

PMID- 6827659
TI  - Management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants.
AB  - The frequent use of fetal ultrasound is allowing early (prenatal) diagnosis of
      numerous uropathies previously delayed until the child either became symptomatic
      or had a palpable mass. We would anticipate an increasing number of neonates
      presenting for repair of obstructions, especially ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction. To evaluate our experience with this disorder in infants we reviewed
      our experience with ureteropelvic junction obstruction during the last 6 years in
      16 infants less than 1 year old. Principles of evaluation, surgical techniques
      and results are presented. To date, no secondary procedures have been necessary
      and most neonates have shown dramatic improvement in the parenchymal mass and
      intrarenal anatomy.

PMID- 6827662
TI  - The management of distal hypospadias with meatal-based, vascularized flaps.
AB  - In 63 children distal hypospadias was repaired using a meatal-based, vascularized
      flap. An acceptable glandular meatus was achieved in 62 children. Complications
      requiring further operation occurred in 5 children (8 per cent) and all were
      repaired successfully with only 1 other procedure. The technique has proved
      successful and rewarding in managing these distal lesions.

PMID- 6827660
TI  - Therapeutic embolization of the kidney with detachable silicone balloons.
AB  - Detachable silicone balloons were used for therapeutic renal artery embolization
      in 14 patients. Hematuria was controlled by occlusion of the arteriovenous
      fistulas in 6 patients and aneurysms in 3. The method was used for preoperative
      occlusion of the renal artery in 4 patients with renal cell carcinoma and for
      renal ablation in an attempt to cure hypertension in 1 additional patient.
      Detachable silicone balloons offer a safe and precise method for the occlusion of
      traumatic arteriovenous fistulas and aneurysms of the renal artery branches.
      Although balloon embolization also can be applied to the preoperative occlusion
      of renal neoplasms the conventional embolization techniques using absorbable
      gelatin sponge and coils are equally effective with less expense. No
      complications were observed in our 14 patients.

PMID- 6827661
TI  - Cowper's syringocele: a classification of dilatations of Cowper's gland duct
      based upon clinical characteristics of 8 boys.
AB  - Lesions of Cowper's gland duct assume various appearances. A system to classify
      each of these appearances is offered to diagnose these lesions more precisely.
      The urethrographic and endoscopic characteristics of dilated Cowper's gland ducts
      noted in 8 boys are grouped as a simple classification. The dilated Cowper's duct
      is referred to as a syringocele (Greek syringo--tube plus cele--swelling). There
      are 4 groups of Cowper's syringoceles: 1) simple syringocele--a minimally dilated
      duct, 2) perforate syringocele--a bulbous duct that drains into the urethra via a
      patulous ostium and appears as a diverticulum, 3) imperforate syringocele--a
      bulbous duct that resembles a submucosal cyst and appears as a radiolucent mass,
      and 4) ruptured syringocele--the fragile membrane that remains in the urethra
      after a dilated duct ruptures. Marsupialization of the syringoceles cured urine
      infection and hematuria but voiding symptoms may persist.

PMID- 6827663
TI  - Spermatic cord torsion in the neonate.

PMID- 6827664
TI  - Bilateral asynchronous renal tumors.

PMID- 6827666
TI  - The single ectopic ureter: 3 case reports.

PMID- 6827669
TI  - The importance of urodynamic investigation following spontaneous rupture of the
      bladder.
AB  - We report a case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder. Followup
      urodynamic studies revealed unsuspected detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia that
      was treated by unilateral endoscopic bladder neck incision. The pathogenesis of
      spontaneous bladder rupture is discussed and we recommend urodynamic evaluation
      in all cases of spontaneous rupture.

PMID- 6827668
TI  - Superior vesical fistula: a rare exstrophic variant.

PMID- 6827670
TI  - Urothelial carcinoma after cyclophosphamide therapy.
AB  - We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder after
      cyclophosphamide therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Urologic evaluation
      and histologic confirmation occurred only after low grade tumor cells were
      identified in multiple urine samples. Malignant cells can be distinguished from
      drug effect in urinary specimens from patients treated with cyclophosphamide and
      all such cases should include regular cytologic evaluations.

PMID- 6827667
TI  - Chronic lower quadrant abdominal pain due to vesicoureteral reflux.
AB  - Chronic lower abdominal pain or flank pain in adults may be associated with
      vesicoureteral reflux. Although it is well known that renal scarring may occur in
      adults with vesicoureteral reflux associated with urinary tract infection, renal
      function may vary significantly when these patients are found to have sterile
      vesicoureteral reflux. We report 2 cases of lifelong intermittent lower abdominal
      pain associated with vesicoureteral reflux without damage to the upper urinary
      tracts. A voiding cystourethrogram should be included in the evaluation of adults
      with chronic lower quadrant pain or flank pain even if excretory urography and
      cystoscopy are normal and the urine is sterile.

PMID- 6827665
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidneys.
AB  - We report 10 cases of renal tumors in a solitary kidney that were treated
      surgically with efforts to spare renal function. Three patients were rendered
      anephric to excise completely the renal cancer and 2 remain without disease. The
      remaining 7 patients had complete tumor excision with the aid of partial
      nephrectomy. One patient had bilateral oncocytomas. Of the 6 partial nephrectomy
      patients with cancer 1 (18 per cent) remains free of metastatic disease. Concern
      is expressed for the role of partial nephrectomy as curative surgery for renal
      cancer.

PMID- 6827671
TI  - Condyloma acuminatum in a 2 1/2-year-old girl.

PMID- 6827672
TI  - Fracture of the penis with urethral rupture.
AB  - We report a case of fracture of the penis. Emergency operation revealed total
      rupture of the urethra. The ruptures of the tunica albuginea as well as the
      urethra were sutured, and convalescence was uneventful. A slight urethral
      stricture without practical significance was demonstrated during followup. In
      cases of fracture of the penis with suspected urethral damage we advise
      urethrography followed by emergency operation.

PMID- 6827673
TI  - An unusual case of malacoplakia involving the testis and prostate.

PMID- 6827674
TI  - Massive intrascrotal fibrolipoma.

PMID- 6827675
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma in association with incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 6827676
TI  - Re: the national survey of prostate cancer in the united states by the american
      college of surgeons.

PMID- 6827677
TI  - Obstructive uropathy--a potentially serious complication of reconstructive
      vascular surgery.
AB  - We treated successfully 3 patients with upper urinary tract obstruction after an
      aortoiliac reconstructive vascular operation: 2 with ureterolysis and 1 with
      transureteroureterostomy. A review of the literature reveals that the incidence
      of this complication of reconstructive vascular surgery is unknown. Obstruction
      occurred whether the ureter was anterior or posterior to the graft, and usually
      presented within 1 year postoperatively in 62 per cent of the patients and was
      silent in 13 per cent. The obstruction was caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis in
      90 per cent of the patients, direct surgical injury in 5 per cent and
      pseudoaneurysm formation in 5 per cent. Prior pelvic irradiation, and extensive
      and/or repeat vascular surgical procedures may have been contributory.
      Ureterolysis, the most common form of treatment, resulted in improvement in 85
      per cent of the upper tracts, while renal loss occurred in 10 per cent. The
      ureter should be placed anterior to the graft during aortoiliac graft procedures.
      A prospective study is needed to ascertain the true incidence of this
      complication after reconstructive vascular surgery.

PMID- 6827681
TI  - Morphometry of the male feline pelvic urethra.
AB  - The pelvic urethra and bladder of the male cat were examined for comparison with
      those of the male dog which have been previously studied. Morphometric data were
      generated and analyzed statistically to provide an objective basis for comparing
      regions and species. Tissue quantities in the body of the bladder were
      significantly different from the vesical neck. The vesical neck of the cat was
      significantly different from the canine vesical neck. The smooth muscle sphincter
      in the cat was better developed than in the dog, and the cat had longitudinal
      smooth muscle arranged to actively open the sphincter. The feline urethra had
      relatively more elastic fibers and less stratum cavernosum than the canine
      urethra. Since canine and feline urethrae are structurally different,
      physiological interpretations based on one of the species should not be applied
      indiscriminantly to the other.

PMID- 6827678
TI  - The effect of CIS hydroxyproline on ventral prostatic growth in rats.
AB  - Changes in prostatic collagen were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats to gain
      further insight into the relationship between this stromal component and androgen
      mediated prostatic growth. Regulation of prostatic collagen by other endocrine
      factors was also studied. Collagen content per prostate was estimated by
      determination of tissue levels of hydroxyproline. The 1st experiment examined
      changes in the content of hydroxyproline in the prostate during pre- and post
      pubertal growth with the use of rats between 21 and 80 days of age. As the
      animals grew, their prostatic weights and hydroxyproline contents increased in a
      parallel fashion (correlation coefficient R = 0.977, p less than 0.01). In the
      2nd experiment, rats were castrated for a period up to 28 days. The
      hydroxyproline content in the prostate did not change significantly by castration
      despite a marked decrease in prostatic weights. Results of the 3rd experiment
      indicated that castration-hypophysectomy or castration-hypophysectomy plus
      estrogen treatment did not significantly change the content of prostatic
      hydroxyproline from that in the untreated intact animals. The 4th experiment
      studied the effect of the collagen synthesis inhibitor, cis-4-hydroxyproline, on
      prostatic growth. Subcutaneous injection of cis-4-hydroxyproline to castrated
      testosterone treated rats caused a significantly slower increase in total ventral
      prostatic weights and contents of protein, DNA and hydroxyproline than those of
      saline treated controls. This inhibition in prostatic growth is unlikely to be
      related to any antiandrogenic effect of cis hydroxyproline as the protein/DNA
      ratio in the prostate was the same for both saline and cis-4-hydroxyproline
      treated groups. Electron microscopic studies revealed that cis-4-hydroxyproline
      treatment resulted in a derangement of the basement membrane in the ventral
      prostate. The above results suggest that collagen plays an important role in
      limiting prostatic growth since inhibition of collagen synthesis by cis-4
      hydroxyproline retarded the testosterone induced increase in prostatic weight,
      DNA, protein and hydroxyproline content in the prostate of rats.

PMID- 6827679
TI  - Effects of urine pretreatment on calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition
      potentials.
AB  - Activated carbon and calcium oxalate solids have been used as adsorbents to
      remove crystallization inhibiting species from centrifuged and dialyzed normal
      urines. The urine supernatants, following adsorption treatments, have been
      examined for their calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization inhibitory
      potentials by means of a constant composition potentiostatic seeded growth
      method. The supersaturation of the reactant solution was maintained constant
      during the crystallization process by the potentiometrically monitored addition
      of solutions containing crystal lattice ions controlled by a specific calcium ion
      selective electrode. The experimental results indicate that normal urine contains
      a number of inhibiting species of variable molecular weight and adsorbability. In
      addition, preliminary results indicate that substances present in normal urine
      interfere substantially with the adsorption of crystallization inhibiting species
      by calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal surfaces. Both charcoal and CaOx
      adsorbents have been successfully used to completely remove a synthetic, model
      urinary crystallization inhibitor, ethylene-diamine-tetramethylene-phosphonic
      acid, ENTMP, from relatively concentrated solutions in 0.15 M NaCl.

PMID- 6827680
TI  - Androgenic regulation of estrogenic action on accessory sex organ smooth muscle.
AB  - Our previous research has shown that 4 weeks of daily estrogen treatment, started
      on the day of castration, resulted in significant growth of the guinea pig
      seminal vesicle smooth muscle, yet little or no estrogenic effect on muscle
      tissue weight or DNA content was observed when the treatment was initiated after
      a 1-month period of castration induced regression. With the hypothesis that
      castration induced reductions in estrogenic sensitivity were due to alterations
      in the intracellular fate of estradiol in the muscle, we determined, following
      the intravenous injection of 3H-estradiol to normal, 24-hour castrates and 1
      month castrates, the whole muscle tissue accumulation and subcellular
      distribution of 3H-estradiol. In the same 3 experimental groups, we also
      determined, using in vitro exchange assays with 3H-estradiol, the number of
      estrogen binding sites in both the cytosol and salt (1.2 M KCl) soluble fraction
      of the crude nuclear-myofibrillar pellet. It was found that the loss of
      estrogenic sensitivity in the 1-month castrate was not due to a reduction in
      either whole tissue accumulation, subcellular distribution, cytosol binding or
      salt-soluble nuclear binding of 3H-estradiol. Restoration of estrogenic responses
      in muscle DNA content and wet weight was achieved by priming 1-month castrates
      with 5 daily injections of dihydrotestosterone immediately prior to the onset of
      estrogen treatment. Shorter periods of androgen priming (e.g., 1, 2 or 3 days)
      slightly enhanced, but did not completely restore, estrogenic responses in muscle
      wet weight and DNA content. For estrogen sensitive parameters of muscle growth,
      such as collagen and RNA content, which were not altered in their response to the
      estrogen treatment by a 1-month period of castration-induced regression, androgen
      priming prior to estrogen treatment had no effect. Therefore, testicular
      androgens regulate selected facets of estrogenic sensitivity in guinea pig
      seminal vesicle smooth muscle; changes in the muscle cytosol or salt-soluble
      nuclear myofibrillar estrophiles do not appear to be responsible for the changes
      in estrogenic sensitivity.

PMID- 6827682
TI  - Sphincter dyssynergia in children with reflux.

PMID- 6827684
TI  - Chemoimmune prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer.
AB  - Chemoimmune prophylaxis with intravenous cyclophosphamide and intravesical as
      well as systemic bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment was begun after complete
      tumor resection in 90 patients with superficial urothelial bladder cancer.
      Compared to a historical patient control group treated by tumor resection alone a
      distinct decrease in the recurrence rate was noted in the immune treated group,
      which was most marked during the first 12 months postoperatively. The side
      effects of this treatment were tolerable. Our results are discussed with regard
      to the reported findings in the literature. Possible immune biological mechanisms
      of the tumor protection achieved by cyclophosphamide and bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      are suggested.

PMID- 6827683
TI  - Micro-explosion cystolithotripsy.
AB  - According to the newly established method of micro-explosion lithotripsy, a
      cystolithotriptor with an explosive catheter, the tip of which was charged with 5
      mg. lead azide explosives, was developed. In 3 clinical cases bladder stones from
      32 to 65 mm. in diameter were crushed successfully into several fragments by 1 to
      8 explosions using the cystolithotriptor. The fragments then were smashed into
      grains with Young's cystoscope and washed out by aspiration. This success may
      prove the usefulness of micro-explosion lithotripsy, which also may be introduced
      for the treatment of calculi in other organs in the future.

PMID- 6827686
TI  - Recent distribution and treatment of filarial chyluria in Japan.
AB  - Since 1975 parasitism by the filarial worm has not existed in Japan. However,
      patients still present with filarial chyluria because the condition is one of the
      late manifestations of filariasis. From 1952 to 1973 renal pelvic instillation
      therapy, and surgical stripping and interruption of renal pedicle lymphatics were
      done in 217 and 383 patients, respectively, in the urology clinic of our and
      affiliated hospitals. Chyluria ceased immediately after instillation therapy in
      129 of the 217 patients (59.4 per cent) but recurred in half of the cases. The
      short-term results of the surgical procedure were excellent. Chyluria ceased in
      375 of the 383 patients (97.9 per cent) and diminished in 5 (1.3 per cent). Of
      160 operated patients followed for more than 2 years recurrence of chyluria at
      contralateral and undetermined sites was observed in 41 (25.6 per cent).

PMID- 6827685
TI  - Clinical and biochemical effect of aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced
      prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Treatment of male patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma and disease
      progression after initial endocrine therapy frequently is unsatisfactory.
      However, approximately 20 per cent of these patients respond to surgical
      adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy, indicating continued hormonal responsiveness. A
      total of 25 previously castrated men with stage D carcinoma received 1,000 mg.
      aminoglutethimide and 40 mg. hydrocortisone daily. The patients were evaluated
      using the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. One patient has had
      a complete response and is in remission after 275 weeks of therapy. A partial
      response was noted in 4 patients, while the disease was objectively stable in 6.
      Pre-treatment testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured in 9 of
      25 patients and were significantly reduced statistically during aminoglutethimide
      therapy (p less than 0.01). Response and drug toxicity are discussed.

PMID- 6827687
TI  - Predictive value of angiotensin II blockade with (sarcosine-1, threonine-8)
      angiotensin II in renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Administration of an angiotensin II antagonist, (sarcosine-1, threonine-8)
      angiotensin II, was used to diagnose renovascular hypertension in 22 patients
      before renal revascularization or nephrectomy. Positive and negative responses to
      infusion occurred in 12 and 10 patients, respectively. Postoperatively,
      hypertension was cured in 13 patients, improved in 6 and unchanged in 3. The over
      all accuracy of the infusion test in predicting the outcome of surgical therapy
      was 59 per cent, the false positive rate was 8.3 per cent and the false negative
      rate was 80 per cent. A similar high incidence of false negative results has been
      observed with differential renal vein plasma renin assays. The most accurate
      prediction of the blood pressure response to surgical therapy is obtained by
      considering multiple factors rather than a single test.

PMID- 6827688
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin detected in urinary concentrates from patients with
      malignant tumors of the testis, prostate, bladder, ureter and kidney.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin levels in concentrated 24-hour urine and serum were
      determined by a specific radioimmunoassay of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in
      47 patients with genitourinary carcinoma. Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin
      levels in urine were observed in 6 of 8 patients with active testicular tumor, 3
      of 14 with prostatic cancer, 2 of 10 with bladder cancer, 1 of 2 with ureteral or
      renal pelvic tumors and 2 of 6 with renal cancer. Of the 14 patients with
      positive urinary human chorionic gonadotropin 4 had undetectable human chorionic
      gonadotropin levels in the serum. The tumors of all 8 patients with nontesticular
      cancer who had increased urinary human chorionic gonadotropin levels were in an
      advanced clinical stage or of poor histological differentiation. Our results
      suggest that some nontrophoblastic carcinomas of the genitourinary system are
      capable of ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin, particularly if
      the malignancy is advanced or poorly differentiated. The radioimmunoassay of beta
      human chorionic gonadotropin in concentrated 24-hour urine specimens enhances the
      sensitivity of detection of ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin production.

PMID- 6827689
TI  - Neurourologic findings in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A total of 30 patients with an established diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and
      symptomatic voiding dysfunction underwent neurourologic evaluation. Detrusor
      hyperreflexia associated with appropriate sphincter relaxation was found to be
      the most common urodynamic pattern, occurring in 75 per cent of the cases. Two
      types of increased electromyogram activity at the time of detrusor contraction
      were identified: 1) pseudo-dyssynergia (7 per cent)--a voluntary contraction of
      the perineal floor in an attempt to prevent leakage and 2) sphincter bradykinesia
      (11 per cent)--a manifestation of skeletal muscle hypertonicity characteristic of
      parkinsonism. On the basis of these observations it is assumed that the effect of
      the basal ganglia on micturition is inhibitory in nature. The diagnostic and
      therapeutic approach to the parkinsonian patient with voiding dysfunction is
      discussed.

PMID- 6827690
TI  - Characteristics of neural injury after abdominoperineal resection.
AB  - A total of 13 men underwent synchronous video/pressure/flow electromyography
      studies after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. All patients had
      diminished pressure in the proximal urethra and an incompetent vesical neck
      suggestive of sympathetic denervation. Five patients (38 per cent) had
      cystometric evidence of parasympathetic denervation and 7 (54 per cent) had
      electromyographic evidence of pudendal denervation. These data suggest that
      denervation owing to surgical injury is an important cause of persistent symptoms
      after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum.

PMID- 6827691
TI  - Children with unstable bladder: clinical and urodynamic observation.
AB  - A clinical analysis was done on 303 patients diagnosed by urodynamic study as
      having an unstable bladder, which was characterized by uninhibited contraction of
      the detrusor without any overt neurogenic lesions. An age distribution histogram
      demonstrated 2 peaks: children less than 10 years old and patients between 60 and
      80 years old. Sex was not significant in the children but men predominated in the
      adults. There were 68 children less than 15 years old with the chief complaints
      of enuresis (54 per cent), urge incontinence (41 per cent) and fever (25 per
      cent). The objective findings were vesicoureteral reflux in 29 children, urinary
      tract infection in 20 and distal urethral stenosis in 8. An unstable bladder type
      I, the occurrence of uninhibited contractions during the filling phase of
      cystometry, was found in 53 children (78 per cent). We noted several postures
      that the children characteristically used to resist unheralded urgency and to
      prevent urine from leaking. The main therapeutic regimen consisted of
      anticholinergics with or without antimicrobials. Several children underwent
      surgical intervention. Once the antireflux operation was performed followup with
      anticholinergics was of primary importance. The unstable bladders of 63 of the 68
      children (93 per cent) have been controlled satisfactorily. The etiology of
      bladder instability is discussed for both groups of patients.

PMID- 6827692
TI  - The vesical sphincter electromyogram in children with normal and abnormal voiding
      patterns.
AB  - Recording the vesical sphincter electromyogram clarifies abnormal patterns of
      voiding in children. Since the electromyogram patterns in children with normal
      voiding patterns have not yet been evaluated, we recorded the sphincter
      electromyograms during voiding of 39 children with normal voiding patterns. These
      normal electromyograms were compared to those recorded in 86 children with
      abnormal voiding patterns. Each of the 39 children with a normal voiding pattern
      demonstrated synergy of the vesical sphincter during voiding. Of the 86 children
      with an abnormal voiding pattern 69 per cent demonstrated synergy and 31 per cent
      demonstrated dyssynergia of the vesical sphincter during voiding. Of the children
      with dyssynergia 89 per cent were girls and only 11 per cent were boys. Sphincter
      dyssynergia was demonstrated only by children with an abnormal pattern of voiding
      and those with a history of a normal pattern of voiding demonstrated only
      sphincter synergy (p less than 0.005). The electromyographic diagnoses of vesical
      sphincter synergy and dyssynergia obtained by surface electrode recordings
      correlated with the clinical voiding patterns of the children.

PMID- 6827695
TI  - Heart surgeons now using ultrasound intraoperatively.

PMID- 6827693
TI  - Possible use of indoramin in patients with chronic neurogenic bladder
      dysfunction.
AB  - Indoramin, which has great selectivity for alpha-1-receptors, was administered
      orally for 10 days to 21 patients with urinary retention or residual urine caused
      by neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunction. After indoramin therapy 17 patients
      were able to empty the bladder with residual urine less than 50 ml. There was a
      significant decrease in the maximum urethral pressure (23.87 plus or minus 4.13
      cm. water) and in the functional profile length (0.53 plus or minus 0.19 cm.). A
      diminution in the sphincter electromyography activity was observed in 3 patients.
      Two paraplegics who were investigated during spinal shock could not achieve
      voiding after indoramin therapy. However, involuntary urine leakage associated
      with a change of posture occurred in 2 patients but subsided after the dosage of
      indoramin was decreased. No other side effect was observed. It may be desirable
      to use drugs with selective action upon alpha-1-receptors since blockade of
      noradrenergic autoreceptors (alpha-2) also by nonspecific alpha-adrenoceptor
      blocking agents, namely phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine and so forth, causes the
      overflow of norepinephrine, which would produce symptoms such as tachycardia by
      stimulating beta-receptors.

PMID- 6827696
TI  - High HDL2 levels lower postprandial lipids.

PMID- 6827694
TI  - Irradiation for early vocal cord cancer saves life and voice.

PMID- 6827697
TI  - Medical intensive care unit admissions for syncope.

PMID- 6827699
TI  - Coexistence of polymyositis and carcinoid bronchial adenoma.

PMID- 6827698
TI  - Cimetidine and cryptic "dyspepsia Meckeli".

PMID- 6827700
TI  - Identification of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 6827701
TI  - Nonstreptococcal exudative pharyngitis.

PMID- 6827702
TI  - Institutionalization of patients with hip fractures.

PMID- 6827703
TI  - The case for community-oriented primary care.

PMID- 6827704
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis Investigation of a large-scale community
      outbreak in Dade County, Florida.
AB  - An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) due to enterovirus type 70
      occurred in Dade County, Florida, from September to December 1981. Younger age
      groups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater
      risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most
      likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected
      children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with
      attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly
      greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were
      most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected
      children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with
      attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly
      greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were
      most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected
      children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with
      attack rates declining more rapidly for school-aged children than for other age
      groups. Although AHC spread readily among family members, a retrospective study
      of 124 affected households showed an association between lower attack rates and
      simple hygienic measures. Should outbreaks of AHC recur, measures to reduce
      transmission should include exclusion of affected schoolchildren and educating
      the public about hygienic precautions.

PMID- 6827706
TI  - Economic impact of a botulism outbreak. Importance of the legal component in food
      borne disease.
AB  - Legal expenses arising from food-borne outbreaks have not been reported in the
      medical literature, to the best of our knowledge. Expenses of an outbreak of food
      borne botulism involving 34 victims in 1978 exceeded +5.8 million. These included
      outbreak investigation and control (3.2% of total), medical care for patients
      with botulism from April 1978 through October 1981 (12.3%), and settlements and
      legal charges (84.4%). Legal actions following food-borne outbreaks must be
      recognized for several reasons. First, the delay between the outbreak and the
      conclusion of legal activity (three years in this instance) mandates prompt and
      meticulous written documentation of investigation and control work. Second, legal
      expenses may make a large contribution to the total societal impact of food-borne
      disease outbreaks. Finally, awareness of the legal expense strengthens the
      rationale for public and private expenditures on food-borne disease prevention in
      this country.

PMID- 6827705
TI  - Hypernatremia and lactulose therapy.
AB  - Lactulose is used in the treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Although it
      is usually safe, a case of hypernatremia has been reported. To evaluate further
      the association of lactulose therapy and hypernatremia, records of patients with
      hepatic failure treated with lactulose for encephalopathy were analyzed. In 20 of
      75 courses of lactulose treatment, serum sodium level exceeded 145 mEq/L.
      Mortality was 41% in patients in whom hypernatremia developed as compared with
      14% in those who remained normonatremic. In persons who died, hypernatremia
      persisted; in patients who eventually recovered, the serum sodium level returned
      to normal. The precise mechanism of hypernatremia in these cases is not clearly
      defined. As an osmotic cathartic, however, lactulose may cause fecal water loss
      in excess of sodium, resulting in contraction of extracellular fluid volume and,
      therefore, hypernatremia.

PMID- 6827708
TI  - Professing ethically. On the place of ethics in defining medicine.
AB  - Medicine, despite technological advances and societal changes, remains
      essentially what it has always been, a profession rather than a trade, with its
      own ends, means, and intrinsic norms of conduct. Being a professional is an
      ethical matter, entailing devotion to a way of life, in the service of others and
      of some higher good. The medical profession is devoted to the naturally given end
      of health and assists the immanent powers of self-healing. It serves the needs as
      it treats the infirmities of the sick, sensitive to their vulnerability, shame,
      and exposure and mindful of the meaning of the delicate tension between bodily
      wholeness and necessary decay. These special characteristics imply specific and
      inherently medical obligations, both of omission and commission, as well as an
      appropriately reverential stance of the physician before his chosen profession.

PMID- 6827709
TI  - Scientific uncertainties in the studies of salicylate use and Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 6827711
TI  - Common femoral artery entrapment in an infant.

PMID- 6827710
TI  - Seminoma and epididymal cysts in a young man with known diethylstilbestrol
      exposure in utero.

PMID- 6827712
TI  - Computer guides facial reconstruction.

PMID- 6827713
TI  - Gold rings permanently fix artificial body parts.

PMID- 6827707
TI  - Family studies in tuberous sclerosis. evaluation of apparently unaffected
      parents.
AB  - A family study was conducted to evaluate the apparently unaffected parents of 13
      patients with tuberous sclerosis. None of the parents had a personal or family
      history suggesting the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. All 26 parents were
      examined according to a protocol that entailed medical history, physical
      examination (including Wood's lamp examination of the skin), funduscopic
      examination through a dilated pupil, roentgenograms of the hands, feet, and
      skull, renal ultrasound studies, and cranial computed tomography (CT). In these
      13 families, three fathers and one mother had previously undiagnosed tuberous
      sclerosis. Three of the four had skin changes, three had calcifications shown by
      CT, and one had renal cysts. These data demonstrate the importance of detailed
      examination of all parents of patients with tuberous sclerosis before recurrence
      risk counseling is given.

PMID- 6827715
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Surveillance of occupational injuries treated in hospital
      emergency rooms--United States.

PMID- 6827714
TI  - Transplant 'hot line' aids organ search.

PMID- 6827716
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Kawasaki syndrome--United States.

PMID- 6827717
TI  - Controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 6827718
TI  - The multiple risk factor intervention trial.

PMID- 6827720
TI  - The future of family medicine in response to demographic changes and increasing
      specialization.

PMID- 6827719
TI  - Prognosis of melanoma.

PMID- 6827721
TI  - Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis). Anthropometric distinctions.
AB  - Anthropometric and skin-fold characteristics were studied in 27 women with
      symptomatic osteoporosis of the postmenopausal type and in 25 women with
      generalized osteoarthritis. In several aspects, important and significant
      differences were found between both groups. It was shown that the osteoporotic
      women were shorter, more slender, and had less fat, muscle girth, and strength,
      while the women with osteoarthritis, although of comparable age and skeletal
      size, were more obese and had more fat, muscle mass, and strength. These findings
      support the idea that osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are two different disease
      entities and not simple phenomena of aging and wear and tear.

PMID- 6827722
TI  - Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugees in the United States.
AB  - Surveys of state tuberculosis control programs revealed that of the 262,602
      Indochinese refugees who entered the United States in 1979 and 1980,
      approximately 1.5% either had tuberculosis at the time of entry or developed it
      by the end of 1980; another 18% were placed on preventive therapy. The refugees
      comprised 5.3% of the nationally counted cases during the two-year period. Age-
      and sex-specific incidence rates among Indochinese refugees were 30 to 200 times
      higher than those for other persons in the United States. For refugees who
      arrived in 1979, the incidence of tuberculosis during 1980 (231 per 100,000) was
      only one third the incidence during 1979 (719 per 100,000). For refugees who
      entered the United States in 1980, the incidence during 1980 was 480 per 100,000.
      Bacteriologic confirmation of the diagnosis was reported for only 26% of
      refugees, compared with 79% of other patients with tuberculosis in the United
      States, suggesting overdiagnosis of tuberculosis among refugees. However, age
      specific rates of bacteriologically positive tuberculosis were still 14 to 70
      times higher for refugees than for the United States as a whole.

PMID- 6827725
TI  - Early diagnosis of cervical spinal cord meningioma.

PMID- 6827726
TI  - Diffuse vascular spasm associated with 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine
      ingestion.

PMID- 6827723
TI  - Ureteroceles in children. A simplified and successful approach to management.
AB  - This review documents the success that we have experienced in treating most
      ureteroceles that present in children by heminephroureterectomy. If excision of
      the ureterocele is required, or reimplantation of a ureter other than the ureter
      obstructed by the ureterocele, this is deferred until the degree of
      hydronephrosis is reduced or bladder thickening and trabeculation have returned
      toward normal. In instances where there is function in the upper pole segment
      obstructed by the ureterocele, ureteropyelostomy has enabled us to preserve renal
      function by removing the obstructed ureter to permit the ureterocele to collapse.

PMID- 6827724
TI  - Fatal house fires in an urban population.
AB  - House fires kill about 5,000 Americans annually, at a rate (2/100,000) that has
      remained almost constant for the past 50 years. House-fire deaths were studied in
      Baltimore, where 55 residents died during a three-year period. More than half of
      the deaths resulted from cigarette-ignited fires; 39% of the people who died in
      such fires were not the cigarette smokers themselves. For both blacks and whites,
      the death rate was highest in census tracts where property rental values were
      low. The death rate from fires ignited by heating or electrical equipment was
      nine times as high in the lowest-value census tracts as in the highest.

PMID- 6827727
TI  - Transplacental transmission of pemphigus.
AB  - In a pregnancy complicated by maternal pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus IgG was
      found both in the fetal circulation and fixed to fetal epidermis in the
      characteristic intercellular distribution. Light microscopic examination of fetal
      skin was diagnostic of PV. These findings indicated transplacental transmission
      of PV. They also strongly support the pathogenic role of PV antibodies and the
      concept of PV as a tissue-specific autoimmune disease. The occurrence of
      intrauterine death despite careful antepartum surveillance underscores the
      management problems encountered when pemphigus coexists with pregnancy.

PMID- 6827728
TI  - Getting the information out faster and some good news about MMWR.

PMID- 6827729
TI  - Adjunctive role for biofeedback: neuromuscular rehabilitation.

PMID- 6827731
TI  - Is screening for early lung cancer worthwhile?

PMID- 6827730
TI  - Hypnosis also useful in rehabilitation therapy.

PMID- 6827732
TI  - Long survival in advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 6827733
TI  - New anticancer drug class.

PMID- 6827734
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Prevention of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS):
      Report of inter-agency recommendations.

PMID- 6827735
TI  - Emergency revascularization.

PMID- 6827737
TI  - A treatment for hiccups.

PMID- 6827736
TI  - The Coombs test and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 6827738
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccine for the "healthy elderly"?

PMID- 6827739
TI  - Lidocaine and Sinus Standstill.

PMID- 6827740
TI  - Dean's welcome remarks to the class of 1986.

PMID- 6827743
TI  - Oral contraceptives. The good news.

PMID- 6827741
TI  - Variation in antenatal testing over time and between clinic settings.
AB  - Variation in the use of diagnostic procedures may be due to characteristics of
      patients, physicians, or their environment. Testing rates for 24-hour urinary
      estriol levels (EST), diagnostic ultrasound, and antepartum fetal heart rate
      testing (AFHRT) were examined in 8,527 deliveries from 1975 through 1978. Over
      the period, utilization of EST remained constant at about 7% of deliveries, while
      ultrasound increased from 20% to 35% and AFHRT, from 7% to 12%. This increase
      persisted after stratifying patients on a multivariate confounder score using 45
      items of clinical information. Those receiving antenatal care in a hospital-based
      group practice or a resident-staffed community clinic were more likely to be
      tested than patients seen in private offices or a prepaid group practice.

PMID- 6827742
TI  - Physician attitudes toward applications of computer data base systems.
AB  - To determine the attitudes of internists and surgeons to problems in clinical
      information management and to the use of a computer data base, a survey of 529
      internists and 487 otolaryngologists was conducted. The survey group consisted of
      a national distribution of academic physicians, private practitioners, and
      residents. Results of 296 completed questionnaires were analyzed for this report.
      More than one third of all responders were not satisfied with their ability to
      keep up with new developments; less than 10% were very satisfied. Ninety percent
      thought that a computer data base would improve their access to information in
      the literature, and 85% thought it would improve their practice of medicine.
      Among internists, randomized control trials (RCTs) were viewed as clearly the
      most useful source of data. Otolaryngologists indicated that RCTs and patient
      registries were both very helpful. Most physicians indicated significantly
      greater preference for literature summary and patient registry features over
      probability estimation capabilities of a computer data base. Sources of data to
      be incorporated into a successful data base would be different for systems
      designed for internists and otolaryngologists.

PMID- 6827744
TI  - Medical evaluations of healthy persons. Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 6827745
TI  - Talwin 50 reformulated to avert 'T's and blues' abuse.

PMID- 6827747
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Unintentional poisoning among young children--United States.

PMID- 6827746
TI  - Do these primates have AIDS?

PMID- 6827748
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Update: influenza activity--United States.

PMID- 6827749
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Outbreak of murine typhus--Texas.

PMID- 6827750
TI  - Leads from the MMWR, Exposure to a rabid cow--Pennsylvania.

PMID- 6827752
TI  - Fatal cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 6827751
TI  - Nonoliguric renal failure associated with zomepirac.

PMID- 6827754
TI  - Occupational injuries.

PMID- 6827755
TI  - Diagnosis of trauma.

PMID- 6827753
TI  - Lenses and neck pain.

PMID- 6827756
TI  - Management of rubella outbreaks in hospitals.

PMID- 6827757
TI  - Unusual abdominal involvement in rickettsial diseases.

PMID- 6827758
TI  - Progestin prophylaxis of osteoporosis.

PMID- 6827759
TI  - The myth of red urine due to phenytoin.

PMID- 6827760
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy in the United States 1970 through 1978.
AB  - Trends of the incidence and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy (EP) in
      the United States were examined for 1970 through 1978. The estimated number of
      EPs rose from 17,800 in 1970 to 42,400 in 1978, and the EP incidence rate rose
      from 4.5 per 1,000 reported pregnancies to 9.4 during the same time period. The
      risk of EP was higher for older women and nonwhite women. Over 2.5% of all
      reported pregnancies among nonwhite women aged 35 to 44 years were ectopic. The
      death-to-case rate for EP declined almost 75% during the study period but
      remained consistently higher for nonwhite women as compared with white women.

PMID- 6827761
TI  - Ectopic pregnancies in upstate New York.
AB  - Data on ectopic pregnancies reported to the New York State Department of Health
      for upstate residents for the years 1971 through 1979 were analyzed by maternal
      age, race, and gravidity. Trends in the rate of ectopic pregnancies were also
      examined for this time period. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000
      conceptions increased with increasing maternal age and was higher for nonwhite
      women compared with white women. There was a slight increase in the rate of
      ectopic pregnancies with increasing gravidity, but this was due in part to the
      interaction of age with gravidity. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000
      conceptions increased by 217% from 1971 to 1979. This trend differed within
      subgroups of maternal age, race, and gravidity. The percentage of increase was
      greater for women 30 years of age or older compared with women 30 years of age or
      younger, greater for white women compared with nonwhite women, and greater for
      women with three or more previous pregnancies compared with women with fewer
      previous pregnancies.

PMID- 6827763
TI  - If nothing goes wrong, is everything all right? Interpreting zero numerators.

PMID- 6827764
TI  - Nocturnal oxygen desaturation in patients with sickle cell anemia.
AB  - The sleep of two patients with sickle cell disease was punctuated by periods with
      notably reduced arterial O2 saturation despite simultaneous normal respiratory
      rates. The O2 levels returned to baseline during intermittent wakefulness. Gas
      exchange patterns during sleep may contribute to the morbidity of sickle cell
      disease.

PMID- 6827762
TI  - Impotence in medical clinic outpatients.
AB  - One thousand one hundred eighty men in a medical outpatient clinic were screened
      as to the presence of impotence. Four hundred one men (34%) were impotent, and of
      those, 188 (47%) chose to be examined for their problem. After a comprehensive
      evaluation the following diagnoses were obtained: medication effect, 25%;
      psychogenic, 14%; neurological, 7%; urologic, 6%; primary hypogonadism, 10%;
      secondary hypogonadism, 9%; diabetes mellitus, 9%; hypothyroidism, 5%;
      hyperthyroidism, 1%; hyperprolactinemia, 4%; miscellaneous, 4%; and unknown
      causes, 7%. The mean age of the impotent patients was 59.4 years, and the
      prevalence of alcoholism was 7%. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating
      hormone, testosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine (T3), T3 resin uptake, and
      prolactin studies were necessary to diagnose individual cases. We conclude that
      erectile dysfunction is a common and often overlooked problem in middle-aged men
      followed in a medical clinic.

PMID- 6827765
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6827766
TI  - The sclerotic vertebral body.

PMID- 6827768
TI  - The Mikamo Lecture. Structure and function of the AV junction.

PMID- 6827767
TI  - The utility of overnight urine collections in assessing compliance with a low
      sodium intake diet.
AB  - To develop methods of estimating sodium intake in free-living persons, we gave
      normal volunteers mean sodium intakes of 65, 110, and 200 mEq/day. The intake was
      randomly varied about each mean by an SD of 12.5% daily. Twenty-four-hour and
      night urinary sodium excretion were measured. Night urinary sodium excretion was
      also estimated by means of inexpensive quantitative and qualitative chloride
      titrator strips. The latter required no timed urine collection. A total of three
      24-hour urine collections were necessary to differentiate the regimens with 95%
      accuracy. Three night urinary sodium excretory estimates by the quantitative
      chloride titrator provided 79% accuracy in identifying the level of dietary
      sodium intake. By applying the qualitative chloride titrator every other day, the
      dietary regimens could be differentiated with 95% accuracy. These techniques were
      not only useful in estimating sodium intake, but also provided a simple means of
      documenting compliance to sodium restriction. Patients should have no difficulty
      in applying these methods themselves in a home setting.

PMID- 6827770
TI  - Paradoxical effects of procainamide--facilitation of the induction of sustained
      reciprocating tachycardia after procainamide administration in Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome.

PMID- 6827769
TI  - Availability of electrophysiological approach to the selection and assessment of
      antiarrhythmic drugs for recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - We performed serial electrophysiological-pharmacological studies on 21 patients
      with recurrent sustained or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). In 8 of
      11 patients with recurrent sustained VT, VT could be induced repeatedly by
      programmed electrical stimulation and terminated by ventricular burst pacing. In
      13 of the 21 patients, repetitive ventricular response (RVR) was successfully
      induced. In the 8 patients with induced VT, the efficacy of several
      antiarrhythmic drugs intravenously administered was assessed. Procainamide
      prevented the initiation of VT in 57%, disopyramide in 50% and mexiletine in 40%.
      However, lidocaine, propranolol and verapamil could not prevent VT in any of 5, 3
      and 6 patients, respectively. Verapamil in combination with quinidine prevented
      the initiation of VT in one case. Each of disopyramide, propranolol and verapamil
      increased the VT zone in 2 patients. The drugs belonging to the same group
      classified by their electrophysiological properties were not interchangeable in 2
      patients. Their ability to terminate induced VT did not always correlate with
      that to prevent its initiation in 2 patients. The effects of specific drugs were
      rather variable and unpredictable in each patients, and especially those of
      combination regimens using more than 2 antiarrhythmic drugs were more
      unpredictable. In all patients, the induced VT was morphologically identical to
      the spontaneously occurring VT and its rate was ranged within 13% of that of the
      spontaneously VT. In 10 of 13 patients with RVR, QRS configuration of RVR was not
      similar to the spontaneously occurring arrhythmia. The pharmacological
      suppression of RVR as an index for prevention against spontaneous VT remains
      controversial. This study concludes that the serial electrophysiological
      pharmacological study provides a rapid prediction of effectiveness of a
      particular regimen and combination and a rapid identification of the deleterious
      effects of certain drugs in patients with recurrent sustained VT.

PMID- 6827771
TI  - The usefulness of Holter monitoring in the evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug
      efficacy for tachycardia.
AB  - Using Holter monitoring tachycardia was found in 145 out of 2058 patients
      suffering from various underlying diseases. Three thousand seven hundred and
      forty monitorings were performed. The mean age of patients was 54.5 years with a
      range of 19 to 83 years. The observed tachycardia was classified into three
      types: tachycardia with short duration, tachycardia with long duration and
      tachycardia with complex form. The attacks of tachycardia were more frequently
      observed during periods of physical activity than during sleeping periods. The
      relationship of the number of tachycardia with short duration between 24-hour
      Holter monitorings was examined in order to establish day to day variability of
      the attacks. The 95% confidence interval about the resultant regression line was
      calculated and the percent reduction required for the evaluation of drug efficacy
      to avoid the chances of interference of spontaneous variation was found to be
      about 44.0, 55.0 and 82% when the total number of attacks during a 24-hour period
      were 50, 100 and 1,000, respectively. Holter monitoring showed higher positive
      results as compared to exercise testing for detection of tachycardia. Higher
      correlation coefficients between numbers of premature ventricular contractions
      (PVCs) and the plasma concentrations of procainamide or N-acetylprocainamide were
      observed in 3 or more successive PVCs than in individually occurring PVCs. Using
      repeated 24-hour Holter monitorings a significant reduction in the number of
      tachycardia was observed when the therapeutic concentration was reached after the
      combined or single administration of the drug. These results suggest that
      repeated Holter monitorings, exercise testing and determination of plasma level
      of the drug may be useful for the evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy for
      tachycardia.

PMID- 6827772
TI  - The limitations of anti-arrhythmic drug therapy.

PMID- 6827774
TI  - The electrophysiological actions of lidocaine on ischemic ventricular muscle as
      compared with procainamide.
AB  - For the purpose to evaluate the effects of lidocaine on the ventricular
      arrhythmias occurring as complications of acute myocardial ischemia or
      infarction, the electrophysiological actions of lidocaine were estimated, as
      compared with those of procainamide, on the right ventricular papillary muscle of
      the rabbit heart superfused with hypoxic, hyperkalemic and/or acidic Krebs-Ringer
      solution. Lidocaine (1 to 5 x 10(-5)M) and procainamide (1.7 to 3.4 x 10(-5)M)
      depressed the maximum rate of action potential upstroke (Vmax) and prolonged both
      of the effective refractory period (ERP) and the diastolic interval needed for
      the premature Vmax to recover to 98% in magnitude of the basic Vmax (98% recovery
      time) dose-dependently, without decreasing the resting potential. Among the
      ischemic components, low pH (pH 6.9) and high potassium (10 mM) extracellular
      environments potentiated the depressant actions of lidocaine in synergic manner,
      but no significant enhancement of the actions of procainamide were observed under
      exposure to any components of ischemia. Mechanisms underlying the difference of
      the depressant actions on ischemic myocardium between lidocaine and procainamide
      were discussed in the light of recent concepts of actions of local anesthetics,
      and came to the conclusion that lidocaine is the most preferable antiarrhythmic
      agent for the management of ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia or
      infarction.

PMID- 6827775
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the antiarrhythmic effect of drugs on canine ventricular
      arrhythmias by the determination of minimum effective plasma concentrations.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic effects and minimum antiarrhythmic plasma concentrations (min PC)
      were examined using three canine ventricular arrhythmia models, i.e., two-stage
      coronary ligation arrhythmia (Cor), halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia (Adr) and
      digitalis arrhythmia (Dig). Disopyramide suppressed these three arrhythmias and
      its min PCs were 5.3 +/- 1.8 (Cor), 4.2 +/- 1.1 (Adr) and 1.7 +/- 0.4
      micrograms/ml (Dig). Procainamide suppressed coronary ligation arrhythmia and its
      min PC was 27.1 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, but was not effective on adrenaline
      arrhythmia. Aprindine was effective on three arrhythmias and its min PCs were 1.6
      +/- 0.3 (Cor), 1.0 +/- 0.4 (Adr) and 0.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml (Dig). Lidocaine
      was not effective on coronary ligation arrhythmia, but was effective on
      adrenaline arrhythmia and its min PC was 15 micrograms/ml. Phenytoin was
      effective on three arrhythmias and its min PCs were 9.8 +/- 2.0 (Cor), 12.1 +/-
      3.1 (Adr) and 11.3 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml (Dig). It was not specifically effective
      on canine digitalis arrhythmia. Propranolol and other beta-blockers were
      effective on adrenaline arrhythmia, but very high doses were necessary for
      suppressing coronary ligation and digitalis arrhythmias. Verapamil was only
      effective on adrenaline arrhythmia and its min PC was 0.03 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml.
      Canine min PCs of drugs were almost the same as those reported in man except for
      procainamide and lidocaine. Membrane stabilizing effects seem to be important for
      suppressing canine ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6827773
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The effect of diltiazem on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time was
      examined in 11 patients with hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive
      cardiomyopathy in a combined study using phonocardiograms and echocardiograms.
      Five to 10 min after intravenous injection of diltiazem (0.2 mg/kg, body weight),
      a prolonged isovolumic left ventricular relaxation time, which was measured from
      aortic component of the second heart sound to the mitral opening on the
      echocardiogram, decreased from 63.1 +/- 26.0 to 46.9 +/- 28.0 msec (p less than
      0.01). This study suggests that diltiazem, one of the calcium blocking agents,
      may ameliorate the impaired left ventricular diastolic function in patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6827776
TI  - Electrophysiologic evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs on supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - The effects of the intravenous administration of three drugs, i.e., verapamil,
      disopyramide, and procainamide, on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
      (PSVT), atrial fibrillation (Af) and atrial flutter (AF) were evaluated
      electrophysiologically. Efficacy on PSVT was 94.7% (36/38) with verapamil, 61.5%
      (13/18) with disopyramide and 100% (4/4) with procainamide. Efficacy on Af and AF
      was 9.1% (1/11) with verapamil and 80.0% (12/15) with disopyramide. PSVT
      termination mechanisms were as follows: 1) Verapamil: A-H block in 5 cases and H
      A block in 5 cases with Type 1 A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). H-A block
      in 6 cases with Type 2 and Type 3. A-H block in 17 of 18 cases with A-V
      reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT). Cycle length alternans were observed in 13 of
      34 cases. 2) Disopyramide: H-A block in 2 cases with AVNRT and V-A block in 2
      cases with AVRT. 3) Procainamide: V-A block in 4 cases with AVRT. These results
      suggest that verapamil and disopyramide are most effective on PSVT and Af,
      respectively.

PMID- 6827777
TI  - A diastolic mid-echo in torn chordae tendineae of the mitral valve.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were performed on 3 patients with torn chordae
      tendineae of the mitral valve proven by open heart surgery or during autopsy.
      Mitral regurgitation was noted after episodes of bacterial endocarditis in 3
      patients; one had had rheumatic valvular disease before the episode. Conventional
      M-mode echocardiograms showed coarse diastolic fluttering of the mitral valve,
      multiple mitral valve echoes in systole, and diastolic mid-echoes between both
      anterior and posterior leaflets. The last pattern was found in all 3 patients.
      There was only one patient with an unusual systolic echo in the left atrium. Two
      dimensional echocardiograms from 2 patients revealed an abnormal echo in the left
      ventricle in diastole which moved into the left atrium in systole, slightly
      beyond the closure line of the mitral valve. This moving abnormal echo observed
      in two-dimensional echograms presumably originated from torn chordae tendineae
      and was consistent with the diastolic mid-echo noted in M-mode echograms. Thus,
      the diastolic mid-echo of the mitral valve by M-mode echocardiography is an
      important finding in the diagnosis of torn chordae tendineae of the mitral valve,
      and two-dimensional echocardiography can identify the movement of torn chorda
      itself.

PMID- 6827778
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging for
      detection of the severity of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6827780
TI  - Definition of borderline hypertension and its epidemiological significance in
      Japan. An introduction to the symposium.

PMID- 6827779
TI  - Platelet aggregation studies in patients with angina pectoris--relationships to
      types of angina and coronary pathoanatomy.
AB  - Platelet aggregation was studied in patients with angina pectoris in whom
      coronary sclerosis was found by arteriography. The subjects consisted of 20
      patients with stable angina pectoris, 12 with unstable angina pectoris and 4 with
      variant form of angina pectoris. Fifteen healthy subjects served as controls. ADP
      and collagen-induced platelet aggregations were estimated during resting
      conditions before and immediately after an exercise test. In patients with
      unstable angina pectoris, ADP-induced as well as collagen-induced platelet
      aggregations during resting conditions were significantly less than those in
      normal subjects. After exercise, however, they significantly increased. In stable
      angina pectoris, they did not differ from those in the control group and their
      responses to exercise were also not significant. In general, platelet aggregation
      during resting conditions was accelerated in relation to an increase in the
      number of coronary arteries involved. The results demonstrate that examination of
      platelet aggregation during resting conditions and following exercise aids in a
      more accurate evaluation of the types and the stages of patients with angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 6827781
TI  - Natural history of borderline hypertension in a community--an epidemiological
      aspect.

PMID- 6827784
TI  - Structural vascular changes in young patients with borderline hypertension.

PMID- 6827783
TI  - Left ventricular and left atrial function in patients with borderline and
      established hypertension.

PMID- 6827786
TI  - [Approaches to surgical treatment of diabetes mellitus (experimental study)].

PMID- 6827782
TI  - Hemodynamics and the baroreflex function in borderline hypertension.
AB  - The hemodynamics and the baroreflex function were studied and compared between
      patients with borderline and established hypertension. 1) As compared to patients
      with established hypertension, the heart rate, the cardiac output and the left
      ventricular ejection fraction were higher in patients with borderline
      hypertension in the young group, but these characteristics were not found in the
      patients of the middle-aged group. 2) In regard to the cardiac output and the
      total peripheral resistance, patients with borderline hypertension predominantly
      showed a high cardiac output, especially in the young group, while patients with
      established hypertension predominantly showed a high total peripheral resistance,
      especially in the middle-aged group. 3) At higher and lower blood pressure levels
      during one day, no difference of hemodynamic pattern was observed in the same
      subjects. 4) The hemodynamic response to exercise, isoproterenol and
      noradrenaline was greatest in the borderline hypertensives of the young group. 5)
      The baroreceptor slope decreased in the order of normal subjects, borderline
      hypertensives and established hypertensives. It decreased with age in each group.
      The hemodynamics and the baroreflex function in borderline hypertensives differed
      slightly between the young and the middle-aged groups. Although the borderline
      hypertension in the middle-aged group is considered to be a pre-stage of
      established hypertension, detailed analysis of case histories may be required to
      assess how borderline hypertension develops into established hypertension in the
      young group.

PMID- 6827785
TI  - Treatment of borderline hypertension--moderate salt restriction in the treatment
      of borderline hypertension.
AB  - Seventeen patients with borderline hypertension and 11 patients with sustained
      hypertension were instructed to reduce their salt intake to 5-8 g/day. We checked
      whether or not the patients were following instructions by estimating their 24
      hour urinary sodium excretion (UNaV). In borderline hypertension, the UNaV was
      5.6 +/- 0.4g/24-hour on a normal salt diet and 3.7 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.01) on
      a salt-restricted diet, while in sustained hypertension it was 4.9 +/- 0.3g and
      3.6 +/- 0.4g/24-hour (p less than 0.01), respectively. After moderate salt
      restriction there was a significant fall in blood pressure in the supine, sitting
      and standing positions in both the borderline and the sustained hypertensives.
      There was a significant relationship between the fall of mean blood pressure in
      the supine position and the decrease in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion,
      which was corrected for 24-hour creatinine excretion, in overall hypertensive
      patients (r = 0.39, p less than 0.05). In the borderline hypertensive group, both
      the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the sitting position were 8.7 mmHg
      or 6.3% (p less than 0.01) and 6.2 mmHg or 6.6% lower (p less than 0.01) on salt
      restricted diets than those on normal salt diets, respectively. In 9 of 14
      patients with borderline hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure moved into
      the normal range during the salt restriction. We suggest that moderate salt
      restriction is an effective management of borderline hypertension.

PMID- 6827787
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of various liver diseases].

PMID- 6827789
TI  - [Treatment of liver insufficiency in obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 6827790
TI  - [Effect of decompression and sympathectomy of the celiac trunk on liver
      circulation in patients with abdominal pain syndrome].

PMID- 6827792
TI  - [Approaches to the improvement of treatment results of patients with acute
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 6827788
TI  - [Surgery in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6827793
TI  - [Papillosphincterotomy: advantages, disadvantages, complications].

PMID- 6827791
TI  - [Immediate results of treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis].

PMID- 6827794
TI  - [Surgery of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 6827795
TI  - [Gastroduodenoscopy in biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 6827796
TI  - [Complicated liver echinococcosis].

PMID- 6827797
TI  - [Characteristic clinical manifestations and principles of surgical treatment of
      acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 6827799
TI  - [The retractor-illuminator].

PMID- 6827800
TI  - [Pancreatic cyst in a patient with complete transposition of the internal
      organs].

PMID- 6827798
TI  - [Prospects for the use of protease inhibitors in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 6827801
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction caused by a large gallstone].

PMID- 6827803
TI  - [Treatment of liver echinococcosis in children].

PMID- 6827802
TI  - [Isolated subcutaneous rupture of the gallbladder in nonpenetrating abdominal
      injury].

PMID- 6827804
TI  - [Use of ribonuclease in treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis].

PMID- 6827805
TI  - Effect of tryptophan on enzymes and proteins of hepatic nuclear envelopes of
      rats.
AB  - It has been demonstrated earlier that the administration of tryptophan to fasted
      animals increased the levels of mRNA in the cytoplasm of the liver by stimulating
      the translocation of nuclear poly(A)-mRNA into the cytoplasm. Also, tryptophan
      increased the activity of hepatic nuclear envelope (NE) nucleoside
      triphosphatase, an enzyme considered to be involved in nucleocytoplasmic
      translocation of mRNA. In this study, the activities of two other NE-associated
      enzymes, protein phosphokinase and phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, also
      implicated in nuclear RNA transport, were investigated in the livers of rats that
      received a single tube feeding of tryptophan. The administration of tryptophan to
      fasted rats 10 minutes before killing increased the hepatic NE activities of both
      enzymes, protein phosphokinase and phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase. Furthermore,
      tryptophan administration increased the in vivo incorporation of 3H-leucine into
      NE proteins (+83%) and into other subcellular fractions (+34 to +43%) of the
      liver compared with that into corresponding fractions of the control rats. Rats
      that received 3H-leucine to prelabel hepatic proteins and then were treated with
      puromycin to inhibit further protein synthesis followed by tube feeding of
      tryptophan revealed greater radioactivity associated with NE proteins than that
      in controls. These findings suggest that tryptophan may act to stimulate the
      transport or availability of proteins to the vicinity of the NE, possibly
      specific regulatory proteins, such as nucleoside triphosphatase, protein
      phosphokinase and phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, which show an increase in
      activity and may then be responsible for the increase in the rate of
      nucleocytoplasmic translocation of mRNA.

PMID- 6827806
TI  - Development of renal basement membrane glycoproteins in metanephric organ
      culture.
AB  - Because of the importance of renal basement membrane glycoproteins in normal and
      abnormal tubular and glomerular morphogenesis, structure, and function, the
      sequential development of fibronectin, GP-2, and entactin was studied in vivo and
      in a newly developed, serum-free mouse metanephric organ culture system. The
      organ culture system permits advanced tubular differentiation and glomerular
      epithelial development of whole metanephros without perfusion or urine formation.
      Affinity-purified antibodies and immunohistologic techniques were used, and the
      ontogeny of basement membrane glycoproteins was characterized in vivo and in
      vitro. It was thus possible to characterize the pattern of normal renal basement
      membrane glycoprotein production and to comparatively study renal glomerular and
      tubular basement membrane formation in the presence and the absence of
      endothelial and/or mesangial influences. Both in vivo and in vitro
      undifferentiated mesenchyme expressed fibronectin but not GP-2 or entactin.
      Further, both in vivo and in vitro, all three glycoproteins developed in the
      basement membranes of the earliest recognizable tubular and glomerular forms.
      Because of the sharp parallel between in vivo and in vitro basement membrane
      glycoprotein production we conclude that the whole organ metanephric culture
      system is a useful model for the study of renal basement membrane development.
      Further, based on the pattern of in vitro basement membrane production, it may be
      concluded that tubular and glomerular epithelial cells are capable of producing
      basement membrane glycoproteins in the absence of endothelial or recognizable
      mesangial cells following initial embryonic induction.

PMID- 6827808
TI  - 3H-thymidine labeling of endothelial cells in thyroid arteries, veins, and
      lymphatics during thyroid stimulation.

PMID- 6827807
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide-mediated bovine endothelial cell injury in vitro.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced time- and dose-dependent bovine endothelial
      cell injury in vitro that was manifested initially by cell detachment from
      culture substrate with subsequent cell lysis. Bovine endothelial cell injury was
      observed with LPS derived from Salmonella minnesota R595, a LPS comprised only of
      lipid A and a trisaccharide core, as well as intact LPS preparations derived
      Escherichia coli and S. typhosa. LPS-mediated bovine endothelial cell detachment
      was prevented by incubation at 4 degrees C but was not prevented by indomethacin,
      lidocaine, chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine, methylprednisolone or p
      bromophenacyl bromide, protease inhibitors, and catalase or superoxide dismutase.
      Of note, LPS-mediated injury was markedly enhanced by cycloheximide. Although
      augmented by serum, LPS-mediated bovine endothelial cell detachment was observed
      in C8-deficient serum and also in serum-free medium at higher LPS concentrations.
      Bovine aortic, pulmonary artery, mesenteric artery, and mesenteric vein
      endothelial cells were all sensitive to LPS at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml.
      In contrast, bovine aortic smooth muscle, human umbilical vein, goat aortic, and
      canine vena cava endothelial cells were unaffected by LPS at a concentration of
      100 micrograms/ml. We conclude that the lipid A moiety of LPS mediates direct,
      complement-independent endothelial cell cytotoxicity and that this injury is not
      prevented by inhibitors of protein and prostaglandin synthesis, oxygen radical
      production, protease and phospholipase activity, and cytoskeletal function.
      Importantly, this direct LPS-mediated cytotoxic effect is dependent on the
      species from which the endothelial cells are derived.

PMID- 6827809
TI  - Fibrous intimal thickening and atheronecrosis of the thoracic aorta in coronary
      heart disease.
AB  - A series of 60 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths and 85 cases of Not
      CHD deaths of a comparable age, race, and sex composition was assembled from a
      medicolegal service. Lateral walls of the thoracic aorta were sectioned, and
      measurements were made at 20 equally spaced points along the left and right
      sections, 40 points per case. At points having foci of atheronecrosis, the
      thickness of the necrotic focus and the fibroproliferative base and cap were
      measured. In points lacking atheronecrosis, full intimal thickness was measured.
      The sum of cap plus base is the total fibroproliferative tissue accompanying
      atheronecrosis. Aortas of CHD-death subjects had more necrotic points and more
      connective tissue associated with the necrosis. Aortas of CHD-death subjects also
      had proportionately less connective tissue in the cap rather than the base of
      necrotic lesions. These three variables contributed independently in a
      discriminant function, indicating that CHD-death status could in this set of
      cases best be predicted from the aortic condition by simultaneously considering
      the number of atheronecrotic foci, the bulk of connective tissue associated with
      those foci, and the relative thinness of the cap over the necrosis. One possible
      theory to explain these and other findings describes atherogenesis as the
      following two-phase process. In phase one, varying amounts of progressively
      increasing fibrous intimal thickening (preatheroma) are laid down. In phase two
      some loci develop atheronecrosis, a second set of loci develops accelerated
      fibroplasia, and a third set develops both features. The two features are each
      postulated to be increasingly likely to appear as intimal connective tissue
      increases. In this context the emergence of atheronecrosis, of accelerated
      fibroplasia, and of both together would be seen as greater in aortas of CHD-death
      subjects than in aortas of Not-CHD-death subjects.

PMID- 6827811
TI  - Morphologic effects on the retina of massive exchange transfusion with stroma
      free hemoglobin solution.
AB  - Retinal morphology serves as an extremely sensitive end point to hypoxic and
      ischemic conditions manifested by circulatory perturbations. Therefore, the
      effect of massive transfusion of stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) on
      retinal morphology of rats was evaluated. Seventy-three rats were divided into
      three groups. Two groups were transfused to 75% blood volume replacement--one (n
      = 30) with 7% SFHS one (n = 26) with 7% albumin solution and the third group (n =
      17) was cannulated, not transfused (controls). Animals in each group were killed
      at 1, 5, 12, and 24 hours and 2 months after the procedure. In the transfused
      rats, focal and perivascular regions of edema, axonal swelling, and vacuoles were
      observed by light and transmission electron microscopy in the nerve fiber layer
      of the central retina. These conditions progressively decreased from 1 to 12
      hours in the albumin-treated group. The retinas of SFHS-treated rats killed at 12
      and 24 hours had similar but more severe morphologic changes than any of the
      albumin-treated animals; swelling was more severe in those obtained at 24 than at
      12 hours, whereas vacuoles were larger in animals obtained at 12 hours.
      Abnormalities were observed in the prelaminar portion of the optic disc of the
      SFHS-treated groups killed at 12 and 24 hours. Subretinal hemorrhaging occurred
      in about 50% of the SFHS-treated animals killed at both 12 and 24 hours and was
      associated with swelling, vacuolization, and disruption of the photoreceptor
      outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium. Below normal levels of glycogen
      were present in the Muller cells of the retinas of albumin-treated rats killed at
      5, 12, and 24 hours. At 12 hours after transfusion the Muller cells in lesions of
      the retinas obtained from the SFHS-treated rats were devoid of glycogen. High
      glycogen levels, however, appeared in a zone peripheral to the lesions. The
      latter effect was not apparent in the specimens obtained at 24 hours. The damage
      observed was probably due to hypoxic and ischemic effects secondary to urinary
      hemoglobin excretion and concomitant blood volume loss. No abnormalities were
      seen in the controls. The retinas of SFHS-treated rats killed at 1 and 5 hours
      showed normal retinal morphology and glycogen levels. Presumably, SFHS exerted a
      protective effect during this time period. If the current formulation of SFHS is
      to be used clinically, it will have to be administered continuously until blood
      is available for transfusion, and the patient's intravascular volume should be
      monitored carefully to prevent hypovolemia.

PMID- 6827813
TI  - Occupational hazards of retirement.

PMID- 6827812
TI  - The acute behavioural effects of solvent exposure.

PMID- 6827810
TI  - Fibrous intimal thickening and atheronecrosis of the thoracic aorta. Some
      background for mathematical theory.
AB  - Paraffin sections from the lateral walls of the thoracic aorta, stained with a
      nigrosin-Gomori trichrome combination, were used to separate subjects into those
      having (Yes-A) and not having (No-A) atheronecrosis, as operationally defined. In
      174 of the 211 No-A subjects, the dispersal of fibrous intimal thickening (FIT)
      over a carefully selected set of loci was fitted well (goodness of fit p greater
      than 0.05) by the negative binomial distribution. In 99 of the 125 Yes-A
      subjects, negative binomial forms were fitted well to the data. The Poisson and
      positive binomial forms also fitted well in most aortas. In some aortas,
      departures from the negative binomial, positive binomial, or Poisson forms could
      be attributed to the presence (among a total of 40 points) of a set of one to
      five points having accelerated fibroplasia. Atheronecrosis and accelerated
      fibroplasia tended to coexist in the same subjects and also to be found together
      in the same loci within aortas. Both features of advanced plaques were
      characteristic of older subjects. These results taken together affirm that
      several decades of progression of FIT precede an abrupt emergence of the two
      features of late phase atherogenesis. The findings suggest that atherosclerosis
      progresses by a two-phase stochastic process. In phase one, FIT evolves such that
      a form resembling the negative binomial is generated with approximations of the
      mean as a linear function of time and the standard deviation as a quadratic
      function of the mean. In phase two the set of points with greatest FIT acquires
      either atheronecrosis, or accelerated fibroplasia, or both.

PMID- 6827814
TI  - Abattoir associated zoonoses.

PMID- 6827815
TI  - Fair and unfair dismissal on health grounds.

PMID- 6827816
TI  - Do on-site medical facilities influence the outcome of industrial accidents?

PMID- 6827817
TI  - The design of digital filters for biomedical signal processing. Part 2: Design
      techniques using the z-plane.
AB  - Design methods for digital filters using z-plane techniques are developed out of
      the basic concepts described in part 1. The relationship between impulse response
      shape and side lobe generation in the frequency response is investigated by means
      of rectangular, triangular and cosine window filters. The limited choice of cut
      off frequencies available for simple linear phase digital filters is explained.
      Design direct from the frequency domain is summarized. z-plane techniques for the
      design of high- and band-pass digital filters and the digital equivalents of
      analogue filters are described. s-plane to z-plane mapping by means of the
      Bilinear transformation is compared to the direct z-transform method of filter
      design.

PMID- 6827819
TI  - Engineering design of haemodialysers.
AB  - Haemodialysis is a widely used treatment for chronic and acute renal failure and
      relies on the diffusion of solutes and water in a mass exchanger or
      haemodialyser. The design concepts of haemodialysers are discussed together with
      limitations of existing design solutions and work on the optimization of design
      reviewed.

PMID- 6827818
TI  - Forces under the foot.
AB  - A transducer has been developed to record the shear or horizontal components of
      force beneath the sole of the foot. When used with a vertical force transducer it
      has enabled a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical forces acting beneath the
      foot when walking in various types of footwear. Considerable differences have
      been recorded between the footwear. Particularly low forces are present in a
      plaster cast and to a lesser extent with Plastazote insoles. The possible
      application of these findings to the management of ulceration of the sole of the
      foot in diabetes mellitus and leprosy is discussed.

PMID- 6827821
TI  - The real time processing of dynamic physiological signals.
AB  - A signal processing system has been developed consisting of a microcomputer
      linked to a minicomputer. The system has been designed to allow ease of
      development of programs for processing physiological signals in real time. The
      system also allows extensive non real time processing to be carried out and the
      generation of graphical displays. Some of the problems involved in producing real
      time signal processing programs are discussed. The problem of computing the beat
      by beat mean pressure in real time is described as an example.

PMID- 6827820
TI  - Direct bone anchorage of external hearing aids.
AB  - Some patients with hearing disorders cannot wear a conventional hearing aid but
      have to use bone conduction in which the aid has to be attached with steel
      springs over the head. A new method of reconstruction involving the insertion of
      bone-anchored screws has been tested in a clinical survey of 14 patients. A
      titanium implant was anchored in the temporal bone and, in a later session,
      connected to a skin penetrating abutment. An external hearing aid was snapped on
      to the abutment. The patients have now been followed up for 53 months. There have
      been no problems with the bone anchorage or with infections around the skin
      penetration site. The hearing of the patients has improved. The cosmetic result
      is reported to be favourable.

PMID- 6827822
TI  - Foot-placement analysis in the elderly--practical considerations.
AB  - Assessment of old people in a gait laboratory requires consideration of certain
      problems which in younger people either do not arise or are of lesser importance.
      The problems relate to the apparatus used, the footwear worn and the gait to be
      observed. These matters are discussed and solutions offered.

PMID- 6827823
TI  - Registration of clinical engineers.

PMID- 6827824
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia--cell characteristics and morphology.

PMID- 6827826
TI  - Child safety program.

PMID- 6827825
TI  - EKG of the month. Hypokalemia.

PMID- 6827827
TI  - Sex-specific alterations in estrogen receptor interactions following induced
      androgen imbalance in vivo.

PMID- 6827828
TI  - Characterization of the effect of sodium molybdate and diisopropylfluorophosphate
      on the human myometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors.
AB  - The human myometrial estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are
      stabilized in the presence of 25 mM molybdate. The stabilizing effect is very
      palpable for the PR; even after 15 min of incubation at 37 degrees C only 15% of
      the binding activity is lost in the presence of molybdate, whereas during the
      same period of time 75% of the binding activity is lost in the absence of
      molybdate. In the presence of molybdate the ER yield is increased by 27.7 +/-
      16.3% (mean +/- SD) and the yield of PR is increased by 34.3 +/- 18.3%. Also in
      the presence of 2 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) the PR yield is increased
      by 25.5 +/- 16.7% whereas the ER recovery is decreased by 22.7 +/- 12.8%. The DNA
      binding activities of ER and PR are greatly enhanced in the presence of DFP
      whereas this activity is blocked by molybdate. No shifts in the sedimentation
      values of either ER or PR was observed in the presence of molybdate as compared
      to the sedimentation values obtained in the presence of DFP. Also the equilibrium
      dissociation constants of ER and PR bindings were not affected by molybdate. DFP
      however caused a decrease in both the affinity and the binding capacity of the ER
      whereas the binding characteristics of the PR remained unchanged.

PMID- 6827829
TI  - Specific binding of [3H]-estradiol to the cytosol of rat pancreas: alteration of
      the apparent number of binding sites by an endogenous factor and oligopeptide
      derivatives.

PMID- 6827830
TI  - Interaction of progestins with Sertoli cell androgen receptors.
AB  - In an attempt to distinguish between possible androgen- and progestin-mediated
      mechanisms in the Sertoli cell, two steroids previously shown to have high
      affinity for both progesterone and androgen receptors (U13851, 17 alpha-ethynyl
      17-hydroxy-7 alpha-methylestr-4-en-3-one and U6817, 17-hydroxy-19-nor-17 alpha
      pregn-4-en-3-one) have been compared with respect to a number of parameters with
      two steroids having high affinity only for progesterone receptors (U49836, 17
      beta-methoxyestr-4-en-3-one and U56902, 17-methoxy-17 alpha-pregn-4-3n-20-yn-3
      one). U13851 and U6817 were the most potent competitors for cytosol [3H]-R1881
      (17-beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-triene-3-one) binding sites and nuclear
      accumulation of label. While U49836 and U56902 were considerably less effective
      as competitors against [3H]-R1881, they were more effective than U13851 and U6817
      as competitors against [3H]-progesterone. Only U13851 and R1881 increased Sertoli
      cell nuclear RNA polymerase II activity. These data substantiate previous
      suggestions that progestin binding proteins distinct from androgen receptors may
      exist in Sertoli cells. Moreover, the data also suggest that progestins which
      stimulate RNA polymerase II activity do so via androgenic mechanisms.

PMID- 6827832
TI  - Comparative studies of the 17 beta-estradiol receptors in rabbit liver, kidney
      and uterus.
AB  - The cytosol 17 beta-estradiol receptors from rabbit kidney, liver and uterus,
      compared under identical experimental conditions, were similar in terms of their
      pH-activity profiles, dependence on incubation temperature, sensitivity to
      sulfhydryl reagents and steroid specificity. 17 beta-[3H]-Estradiol binding was
      saturable with all three tissues, having an apparent dissociation constant of 4 X
      10(-10)M. The binding of 17 beta-[3H]-estradiol in kidney, liver and uterus was
      inhibited by estrogens, including estrogen conjugates, but not by testosterone,
      progesterone or cortisol. The 17 beta-estradiol receptors of liver, kidney and
      uterus exhibited significant differences with respect to their chromatographic
      behaviour on heparin-Sepharose. Furthermore, a comparison of their sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation patterns showed that the 17 beta-[3H]-estradiol
      receptor complex of liver and kidney sedimented at 3-4 S in both low and high
      ionic strength media, while the uterine receptor sedimented at 7-8 S in low ionic
      strength media and at 4-5 S in high ionic strength media. When the liver and
      uterine cytosol fractions were combined the uterine receptor was altered and
      sedimented at 3-4 S in low ionic strength media.

PMID- 6827831
TI  - Solid-phase reagents for the isolation and protection of carbonyl compounds.
AB  - Resins which can serve as solid-phase Girard reagents have been prepared. These
      consist of porous cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene matrices functionalized
      either with acid hydrazide groups, 1 or with O-alkylhydroxylamine groups, 2. Both
      resins react rapidly, under acid catalysis, with steroidal ketones and with
      glucose to form resin bound carbonyl derivatives. The carbonyl compound can be
      recovered by exchange with acetone under mildly acidic conditions. Resin 2 was
      used to extract steroidal ketones from an extract of bovine adrenals. By
      protecting the C-20 ketone group of allopregnanolone, resin 2 was used to prepare
      the counterpart of the steroid bearing tritium in the 3 alpha-position.

PMID- 6827833
TI  - Basal steroid production by the zona reticularis of the guinea-pig adrenal
      cortex.
AB  - The zonae glomerulosa and fasciculata (ZG/ZF) have been separated by
      microdissection from the zona reticularis (ZR) of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex.
      Using non-proliferative organ culture and specific radioimmunoassay the basal
      secretion of 12 steroids from each zone have been studied. The ZG/ZF secreted 9
      times more cortisol (in pmol/mg dry weight 5 h culture) than the ZR. In contrast
      the androgens (androstenedione, 5-androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone,
      dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate and testosterone) were preferentially produced
      (by a factor of 3) by the ZR which also secreted more of all the other steroids
      studied, with the exception of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. The mean
      molar ratios of total androgen output to cortisol secretion were 1:1.7 and 1:45
      for the ZR and ZF respectively. Using computerised image analysis the relative
      volumes of the ZG/ZF and ZR in the cortex were calculated to be 65 and 35%
      respectively. The medulla occupies 4.6% of the total gland. From the zonal
      composition of the cortex, the relationship between wet and dry weight for each
      zone and the basal secretion rate of each steroid/mg dry weight/5 h culture, we
      calculated that the ZR could be responsible for 7 and 66% of the cortisol and
      total androgen secretion respectively from the guinea-pig adrenal gland. It is
      concluded that the ZF and ZR are functionally as well as morphologically
      distinct.

PMID- 6827835
TI  - Specific interaction of some non-steroidal compounds with the progesterone
      binding site of uteroglobin.
AB  - Uteroglobin binds progesterone with high affinity. A few substituted diphenyl
      ketones were observed to inhibit uteroglobin-progesterone binding in a dose
      dependent manner. 4,4'-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxy benzophenone had relatively higher
      affinity for uteroglobin. The structure-activity relationship amongst the
      substituted diphenyl ketones indicated considerable sensitivity towards minor
      structural modifications. These observations offer a tool to investigate
      nonsteroidal compounds in relation to progesterone related functions of
      uteroglobin in pregnancy.

PMID- 6827834
TI  - Inhibition of human placental progesterone and estrogen synthesis in early human
      gestation by aminoglutethimide in vivo.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of d,l-aminoglutethimide (AG) on the synthesis of
      progesterone and estradiol in early human pregnancy (8th-12th week of gestation)
      was investigated in volunteers; control group (n = 11), AG group [1000 mg AG
      orally at test begin (n = 6)]. Venous blood samples were taken at the beginning
      of the test and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h thereafter. In controls, no significant
      changes in serum progesterone and estradiol could be observed during 24 h. In the
      AG group, a decrease in progesterone and estradiol could be observed within 1 h
      after the test began; lowest serum steroid concentrations were reached after 4 h.
      Relative to the initial values taken as 100%, the greatest decrease in
      progesterone ranged between 37 and 83%, 62 +/- 15% (means +/- SD)(n = 6); the
      greatest decrease in estradiol ranged between 32 and 78%, 51 +/- 17% (means +/-
      SD)(n = 6). Twenty four hours after AG treatment, both steroids reached similar
      concentrations to those found at test begin. No clinical signs (e.g. uterine
      bleeding, contractions) for the abortifacient action of AG were observed. In
      conclusion, a single dose of AG (1000 mg given orally) cannot induce a
      therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy. In accordance with in vitro studies, the
      inhibitory effect of AG on placental progesterone formation is due to an
      inhibition of mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage. The decrease in
      estradiol is thought to be related to an inhibition of placental aromatase.

PMID- 6827836
TI  - Group separation and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry of conjugated steroids
      in plasma.
AB  - A method is described for analysis of metabolic profiles of conjugated steroids
      in plasma. Steroids are extracted by Amberlite XAD-2 or Sep-Pak C18 cartridges at
      60 64 C in the presence of triethylamine sulphate and separated into unconjugated
      neutral and phenolic compounds, glucuronide, monosulphate and disulphate
      conjugate groups by chromatography on the lipophilic strong anion exchanger
      triethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 (TEAP-LH-20). The conjugate moiety is
      hydrolyzed by brief enzymatic or solvolytic procedures and released steroids are
      separated into a neutral and a phenolic fraction on TEAP-LH-20. The O-methyloxime
      and trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the steroids are analyzed by glass
      capillary column gas liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass
      spectrometry. Examples of the application of the method to analysis of conjugated
      steroids in plasma from pregnant women are given.

PMID- 6827837
TI  - The effect of sex steroids and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile on the hepatic
      microsomal monooxygenase system of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Estradiol benzoate (EB-5 mg/kg) or testosterone propionate (TP-50 mg/kg)
      administration to sexually immature rainbow trout resulted in an increase in
      liver weight to body weight ratios, and a diminution in hepatic microsomal
      benzphetamine-N-demethylation (BeND), ethoxycoumarin- and ethoxyresorufin-O
      deethylations (ECOD, EROD) and cytochrome(s) P-450 content when compared to corn
      oil-pretreated controls. A low dose of TP (2 mg/kg) caused an increase in
      cytochrome(s) P-450 content but had no effect on the selected monooxygenase
      activities. EB administration prior to treatment with 150 mg/kg beta
      naphthoflavone caused a dose-dependent decrease in the magnitude of induction of
      cytochrome(s) P-450 and associated catalytic activities. These data suggest that
      the sex differences in monooxygenation observed in prespawning trout are mediated
      via the sex steroids and that fish may respond differently to inducers depending
      on their reproductive state at the time of exposure. Administration of the
      synthetic steroid, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), resulted in an
      increase in BeND and ECOD but had no effect on EROD or cytochrome(s) P-450
      content.

PMID- 6827838
TI  - Concentration of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone in human plasma as measured by a
      specific RIA.

PMID- 6827839
TI  - Constituents of human meconium--I. Identification of 3-hydroxy-etianic acids.
AB  - The monohydroxylated fraction of bile acids of human meconium was analyzed by
      capillary GC-MS. In the sulfate-glucuronide fraction three saturated, and one
      unsaturated C20 steroidal acids were found. These acids were identified as 3
      alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-,3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane
      17 beta-carboxylic, and 3 beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17 beta-carboxylic based on
      the unequivocal GC-MS comparison with standards of all possible epimers at C-3, 5
      and 17. The amount of the major C20 acid, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane-17
      beta-carboxylic, in meconium was 0.2 nmol/g, i.e. 5 to 10 times the amount of
      lithocholic acid. To prevent the oxidation of 21-hydroxy-20-oxopregnanes to C20
      acids meconium was extracted in the presence of sodium borohydride. In the
      absence of this reducing agent the amount of 3 beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17 beta
      carboxylic acid was increased and its 17 alpha-epimer could be detected. This
      indicates partial artifactual formation of this C20 acid from 21
      hydroxypregnenolone, which is known to be present in human meconium. The amount
      of the saturated C20 acids was unaffected by the presence of sodium borohydride
      in the extraction medium, and their native occurence in human meconium was
      further confirmed by the absence of their 17 alpha-epimers in extracts obtained
      both with and without borohydride. The probable metabolic origin of C20 acids in
      the fetal-placental-maternal unit is discussed.

PMID- 6827840
TI  - The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on steroid transport in membrane vesicles of
      Pseudomonas testosteroni.
AB  - Steroid transport in Pseudomonas testosteroni membrane vesicles was significantly
      inhibited by the uncoupled 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Inhibition of steroid
      transport was not due to inhibition of the 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase by concentrations of up to 1 mM DNP. However, inhibition of this
      membrane-bound enzyme was measured at 10 mM DNP. The solubilized 3 beta- and 17
      beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was more sensitive, being inhibited at both 1
      and 10 mM DNP indicating a specific inhibition of this enzyme by DNP.
      Testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption was stimulated slightly at low
      concentrations of DNP and inhibited at high concentrations. The inhibition of
      testosterone-dependent oxygen consumption correlated with the inhibition of
      transport. This indicated that the inhibition of transport by DNP was due to a
      direct inhibition of metabolism. The existence of an electrochemical gradient is
      used to explain these results.

PMID- 6827841
TI  - One-stage reconstruction for pharyngolaryngectomy. Esophagectomy and
      pharyngogastrostomy without thoracotomy.
AB  - From 1969 to 1981, a total of 22 patients underwent laryngopharyngectomy and
      nonthoracotomy esophagectomy, with immediate pharyngogastrostomy, for
      hypopharyngeal or postcricoid carcinoma. Thirteen initially had been treated by
      high-dose radiotherapy, but the tumor had either persisted or recurred. Four
      patients underwent planned preoperative irradiation on the morning of the
      operation. Two patients had had previous high-dose local irradiation to the neck
      for other disease, and three patients had no irradiation. There was one operative
      death. Anastomotic leaks developed in four patients, but only one of the leaks
      was considered a serious problem. Three patients had transient dysphagia, but
      only one required dilatation. Transient delayed gastric emptying was a problem in
      three other patients. The average postoperative stay was 31 days, with 38% of
      patients being discharged by 21 days. All patients were discharged eating a
      normal diet. Fifty percent survived longer than 12 months, with an actuarial
      survival rate of 30% at 5 years. The patient surviving longest is disease free at
      12 years. Palliation was considered excellent in all 21 operative survivors.
      Immediate pharyngogastrostomy via nonthoracotomy esophagectomy is a safe and
      excellent means of palliation in this group of patients, for whom palliation is
      often the only option.

PMID- 6827842
TI  - Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - The association of adenocarcinoma with Barrett's esophagus stimulated a review of
      our experience to study the clinical presentation, pathology, and results of
      management. Nineteen patients (15 men and four women) satisfied the criteria of
      primary adenocarcinoma arising in columnar epithelium in the esophagus. The
      majority had dysphagia (95%) and weight loss (63%). Nearly three fourths of the
      patients also had a history of hiatus hernia or esophagitis. Diagnosis was
      confirmed preoperatively in all by endoscopic biopsy and/or cytologic study.
      Potentially curative resection was performed in 15 patients and palliative
      procedures in four. Fourteen patients had advanced (Stage III) disease and only
      five had Stage I or II disease. Multicentric disease within the esophagus was
      found in seven patients. Postoperative complications included empyema,
      hemothorax, and pneumonia (one case each). The only postoperative death resulted
      from complications of previously undetected brain metastases. The median survival
      of the 15 patients having resection for cure is 12 months. Four are alive, one
      with disease at 46 months and three free of disease at 19, 87, and 93 months. All
      four patients undergoing palliative procedures died within 8 months. The study
      demonstrates that multifocal presentation of the tumor is common in this group of
      patients and that long-term survival is possible when early tumors are managed
      aggressively.

PMID- 6827843
TI  - Heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. The role of heparin
      pretreatment.

PMID- 6827844
TI  - Intracardiac repair of dextro-transposition of the great arteries in the newborn
      period. Early and late results.
AB  - Between November, 1978, and December, 1981, nine neonates with dextro
      transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and intact ventricular septum
      underwent primary intracardiac repair (i.e., because of persistent hypoxemia
      following balloon atrial septostomy arterial Po2 between 17 and 27 mm Hg). Age
      and weight at operation ranged from 2 to 21 days (mean 6.7) and from 1,900 to
      4,500 gm (mean 3,493), respectively. The Mustard procedure was used in the first
      three patients and the Senning technique in the last six. All operations were
      done with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest lasting 43 to 88 minutes (mean
      70). An associated patent ductus arteriosus was ligated in eight of the nine
      patients. There were no deaths. The patients have been followed up for an average
      of 23 months (range 1 to 36). All are asymptomatic and require no medication. In
      one patient, atrioventricular dissociation necessitated implantation of a
      pacemaker 2 weeks after operation. All others are in sinus rhythm with normal
      atrioventricular conduction. Hemodynamic and angiographic follow-up was obtained
      in seven patients 8 to 25 months postoperatively (average 14.5). Left ventricular
      pressure was less than 30 mm Hg and aortic oxygen saturation was greater than 90%
      in all patients. One of the patients who had the Mustard procedure had complete
      obstruction at the junction of the inferior vena cava and the lower limb of the
      baffle. No evidence of systemic venous obstruction was found in the patients who
      had the Senning procedure. Early primary intracardiac repair appears to be a
      satisfactory alternative in the treatment of neonates with persistent hypoxemia
      following balloon atrial septostomy.

PMID- 6827845
TI  - Surgical approach to critical pulmonary valve stenosis in infants less than six
      months of age.
AB  - During the past 7 1/2 years, 36 infants (less than or equal to 6 months of age)
      underwent surgical relief of critical pulmonary valve stenosis. The results of
      closed and open (cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB) procedures were compared. Closed
      procedures included Brock valvotomy (two patients) and normothermic inflow stasis
      with transpulmonary valvectomy (10 patients). Twenty-two patients had open
      procedures with valvectomy alone (five patients) and right ventricular outflow
      tract (RVOT) reconstruction (17 patients). Two additional patients had staged
      operations (shunt followed by open procedure at 3 and 5 months postoperatively).
      Patients who had the closed procedures, as compared with CPB, were significantly
      younger (10 versus 61 days, p less than 0.01) and more critically ill with
      congestive heart failure and acidosis. In addition, the mean peak systolic right
      ventricular-left ventricular pressure ratios (RVP/LVP) were higher (1.6 versus
      1.4, p less than 0.02) in the closed group. There were no deaths in the closed
      group in contrast to six deaths among those having RVOT reconstruction (0/12
      versus 6/17 or 35%, p less than 0.04). Critical obstruction of the pulmonary
      valve, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and hypoplastia of the right ventricle
      occurred more frequently in the closed group. All operative deaths resulted from
      right heart failure. There were no late deaths in the entire series. Three
      patients in the closed group (mean follow-up 2.8 years) required operations for
      recurrent pulmonary valve stenosis approximately 2 years postoperatively, and
      none in the open group (mean follow-up 2.0 years). In conclusion, despite current
      advances in infant CPB and care, the results from our experience suggests that
      closed procedures, especially inflow stasis and pulmonary valvectomy, are
      superior to the use of CPB and RVOT reconstruction, even in the presence of
      pulmonary valve dysplasia.

PMID- 6827846
TI  - Mitral repair in complete atrioventricular canal. Ease of correction in early
      infancy.
AB  - During the past 5 years all patients with complete atrioventricular (AV) were
      subjected to surgical correction regardless of age. Thus we were able to assess
      the ease and reliability of mitral repair in early infancy. Key features of
      operation include division of bridging leaflets when indicated, selection of a
      patch sufficiently small to prevent postoperative annular dilation, attachment of
      the leaflets to the patch with continuous nonpledget-supported sutures at a level
      determined by the chordal structure, and, based on the size of the mural leaflet,
      construction of a bicuspid or tricuspid mitral valve. Operative mortality and
      postoperative morbidity were no greater in patients under 6 months of age than in
      older patients. Reoperation for mitral regurgitation was required in three
      patients. In all of them, the primary reason for the failure of repair was that
      the mitral valve had been left tricuspid; in two of them, the mitral anulus was
      dilated, as well. Repair was uniformly accomplished by bicuspidization, combined
      in two instances with a Wooler-type annuloplasty and shortening of the free
      margin of the aortic leaflet. The absence of secondary scarring of the leaflets
      in the patients under 6 months of age facilitated repair in this age group. Early
      repair is possible, and preferable, provided that meticulous attention is paid to
      the technical features of the repair and a proper decision is made with regard to
      treatment of the mitral "cleft."

PMID- 6827848
TI  - Intraoperative cytodiagnosis of lung tumors by needle aspiration.
AB  - Rapid-stain cytologic evaluation of needle aspirates are a recent adjunct to
      diagnosis and staging of lung neoplasms. The benefits of this approach include
      ease of sampling from deep and remote lesions and the fact that the results are
      generally available within 10 minutes. In the past 2 years, we did 187 needle
      aspirations for cytopathological evaluation in 70 patients at 51 thoracotomies
      and 21 mediastinoscopies. The cytologic findings from aspirates of lymph nodes,
      mediastinal masses, and intrapulmonary lesions were compared with diagnosis
      obtained by histopathological techniques. Quick-stain cytopathological evaluation
      discriminated cancer among all 55 lung masses from which aspirates were taken;
      specific diagnosis as to the type of neoplasm, lymphoproliferative disorder, or
      infection was achieved in 60 of 70 patients (85%). We conclude that
      intraoperative needle aspirations for cytologic evaluation facilitates the
      practice of modern general thoracic surgery.

PMID- 6827847
TI  - Guided biopsies of abnormalities on nuclear bone scans. Technique and
      indications.
AB  - A guided biopsy technique has been developed for evaluation of solitary bone
      abnormalities, identified by gallium 67 or technetium 99 bone scans, in patients
      with normal or ambiguous x-ray findings. Continuous gamma camera monitoring is
      used to guide staining of the bone abnormality and overlying tissues with
      methylene blue. This staining is followed by open biopsy of the marked bone. This
      technique was utilized in 15 patients, 12 of whom had bronchogenic carcinoma. The
      most commonly involved bones (13/15) were ribs. None of the patients had an
      identifiable, gross abnormality at operation, and the marked area was
      indistinguishable from neighboring tissues. Diagnostic tissue was obtained by
      each biopsy and there were no complications associated with this technique. The
      primary applicability of this technique is for both pretreatment and re-treatment
      staging of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients who have ambiguous nuclear bone
      scan abnormalities.

PMID- 6827850
TI  - Noninvasive screening for asymptomatic carotid artery disease prior to cardiac
      operation. Experience with 500 patients.
AB  - Five hundred patients scheduled for cardiac operations underwent preoperative
      screening for asymptomatic carotid artery disease by means of the Gee ocular
      pneumoplethysmograph (OPG). Only patients with abnormal OPG measurements (5 mm Hg
      difference or greater in ophthalmic artery pressures or 0.69 or less ophthalmic
      artery/brachial artery pressure ratio) had cerebral angiography regardless of the
      presence or absence of a carotid bruit. Thirty-two patients (6.4%) were found to
      have carotid bruits. Nine patients had abnormal OPG measurements. Cerebral
      angiograms disclosed that six of these patients had significant (greater than
      50%) carotid artery stenosis, and endarterectomy was performed prior to cardiac
      operation without incident. Nine other patients without carotid bruits had
      abnormal OPG measurements, and they also underwent cerebral angiography.
      Angiograms revealed significant carotid artery stenosis in three patients and
      prophylactic endarterectomy was performed. Twenty-three patients with carotid
      artery bruits and normal OPG measurements did not have cerebral angiography prior
      to the cardiac procedure. The incidence of stroke in this series of 500 patients
      was 0.4% (two patients). The clinical management of patients with asymptomatic
      carotid artery disease and coronary artery disease was facilitated by the use of
      noninvasive screening for the evaluation of carotid artery bruits. Patients with
      hemodynamically insignificant carotid disease, verified by OPG measurements, can
      be spared the risk and cost of cerebral angiography. Patients without clinical
      signs of carotid artery disease can also be identified.

PMID- 6827851
TI  - Tricuspid atresia. Results of treatment in 115 children.
AB  - We present our experience in the management of tricuspid atresia in 115 children.
      The anatomic data are categorized as follows: type I, 83.5%, type II, 16.5%. Type
      IB is the most frequent, representing 63.5% of all the cases. Each patient was
      operated upon one to four times. The age at first operation ranged from 10 days
      to 20 years. The first operation was a shunt in 94 children, a Fontan operation
      in four, and banding of the pulmonary artery in 17. Hospital mortality for the
      first operation was 12.2%, significantly higher in children under 6 months and in
      those having Waterston shunts. Potts and Blalock-Taussig operations give low long
      term mortality; although few (six) have been done, Potts shunts also seem to give
      good long-term palliation in this series. The Glenn anastomosis is a good
      operation when performed after a systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt. The Fontan
      operation was performed in 24 children (hospital mortality 16.6%). There have
      been no late deaths after the third month postoperatively. Mean follow-up for
      this operation is only 2 years, but 88% of the survivors lead a normal life, two
      thirds of them receiving no treatment. There has been one reoperation for
      stenosis of a Dacron conduit with a good result. Late arrhythmias are well
      tolerated. In conclusion, the Fontan procedure is a good operation, but
      palliative procedures still allow good long-term survival.

PMID- 6827855
TI  - Successful repair of injury to posterior ascending aorta without cardiopulmonary
      bypass.

PMID- 6827852
TI  - Modified Fontan procedure in patients with previous ascending aorta-pulmonary
      artery anastomosis.
AB  - The Fontan procedure has proved useful in the surgical treatment of patients with
      tricuspid atresia, univentricular heart, and other complicated cardiac anomalies.
      Previous palliation of these patients with ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery
      anastomosis (Waterston shunt) may impose severe restrictions in the operability
      of these patients because of severe distortion, narrowing, and scarring of the
      proximal right pulmonary artery. A modification of the Fontan operation is
      described in which repair is facilitated by transecting the right pulmonary
      artery at the site of anastomosis, trimming away the distorted narrowed segment,
      and anastomosing the resulting cuff to the lateral aspect of the superior vena
      cava. The right atrial appendage is anastomosed to the rudimentary right
      ventricle or the main pulmonary artery directly or via a tubular Dacron graft.
      The technique has been applied successfully in four consecutive cases.

PMID- 6827857
TI  - Reinterpretation of statistical data.

PMID- 6827854
TI  - Successful treatment of primary aorta-esophageal fistula resulting from aortic
      aneurysm.
AB  - Most aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta rupture unless treated
      surgically. Autopsy studies in these patients indicate that rupture occurs into
      the esophagus in 10% of the cases and constitutes the most common cause of aorta
      esophageal fistula. A reasonable literature review has not revealed a previously
      successful treatment for this condition. Experience in the treatment of patients
      with aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta partially obstructing the
      esophagus without fistula formation indicates that simple graft replacement is
      curative. When the disease has progressed to actual fistula formation and
      esophageal bleeding, as illustrated in these two case reports, operation is done
      to prevent exsanguination. Appropriate management involves control of hemorrhage
      and treatment of the chronic esophageal perforation. The former is accomplished
      by resection and graft replacement of the ruptured thoracic aneurysm.
      Alternatives in dealing with the chronic esophageal defect are planned, staged
      reconstruction in high-risk patients and immediate resection and intrathoracic
      esophagogastrostomy in selected patients.

PMID- 6827856
TI  - Acute respiratory insufficiency from an aneurysm of the descending thoracic
      aorta.
AB  - A 70-year-old woman presented with life-threatening acute respiratory
      insufficiency resulting from tracheobronchial compression by a large calcified
      expanding aneurysm confined to the descending thoracic aorta. This combination
      has not previously been reported. Successful surgical correction was carried out.
      This report describes in detail the presentation, diagnosis, and steps involved
      in the management of this entity.

PMID- 6827849
TI  - Arterial response to laser operation for removal of atherosclerotic plaques.
AB  - The cellular response of normal and atherosclerotic aortic intima after exposure
      in vivo to a 0.9 mm diameter carbon dioxide laser was examined in
      hypercholesterolemic swine with light and electron microscopy to evaluate tissue
      damage, thrombosis, and healing. At energy levels of greater than 5 joules, laser
      burns appeared as craters less than 1 mm in depth and 2 mm in diameter. Two days
      after the operation, craters were filled with platelet-fibrin thrombi that did
      not protrude above the level of adjacent endothelium. The internal elastic lamina
      was exposed 1 to 2 mm around the crater. This area was surrounded by a ring of
      densely packed leukocytes at the edge of the normal endothelium. Two weeks after
      the operation, the depressed crater surface was mostly reendothelialized with
      small, closely packed endothelial cells. The subjacent thrombus contained
      numerous phagocytic cells with inclusion of fibrin, erythrocytes, and membranous
      debris. Proliferative invaginations containing medial smooth muscle cells,
      mitotic figures, and collagen extended into the pit from the lateral aspects.
      Eight weeks after the operation, the burned area was still depressed and
      therefore less occlusive than adjacent lesion areas, and a fibrous cap had formed
      over the remaining necrotic area. The results suggest that a focused, low-energy
      carbon dioxide laser can be used to remove focal atherosclerotic plaques from
      arteries without inducing excessive thrombogenicity. Rapid healing, including
      reendothelialization and intimal fibrous scarring, with minimal damage to
      surrounding tissue, was observed.

PMID- 6827853
TI  - The Mustard procedure in transposition of the great arteries associated with
      juxtaposition of the atrial appendages with and without dextrocardia.
AB  - Left-sided juxtaposition of the right atrial appendage (LJRAA) was seen in 10
      patients in a series of 361 consecutive Mustard procedures for transposition of
      the great arteries (TGA). Dextrocardia complicated LJRAA in four cases. Right
      atrial capacity and free atrial wall size were smaller than normal in all
      patients, and a Mustard intra-atrial baffle repair was performed in all
      instances. Direct caval cannulation or cannulation of either atrial appendage
      facilitated intra-atrial repair. Nine patients in whom the pulmonary venous
      atrium was enlarged with a patch survived. One child who did not have a right
      atrial patch died 1 hour postoperatively of pulmonary edema. Two late deaths
      occurred 1 year postoperatively. Seven children survived and are well. In one
      child, superior vena caval baffle obstruction is controlled by digoxin and
      diuretic therapy. TGA associated with juxtaposition of the atrial appendages
      (JAA) and dextrocardia may be successfully repaired by the Mustard procedure,
      provided that the tricuspid valve and right ventricle are normal, an adequate
      superior vena caval channel is created, and patch enlargement of the pulmonary
      venous atrium is undertaken.

PMID- 6827858
TI  - Intraluminal sutureless prosthesis in the management of dissecting aneurysms.

PMID- 6827860
TI  - Antimicrobial agents in urinary tract infections.
AB  - Effective antimicrobial therapy for most urinary tract infections has been
      available since the sulfonamide era. Innovations in chemotherapy now include
      single-dose treatment of acute bacterial cystitis and acute urethral syndrome and
      effective suppression of recurrent bacteriuria with low-dose antimicrobial
      agents.

PMID- 6827859
TI  - Antibiotic therapy for severe infections in infants and children.

PMID- 6827862
TI  - Management of hemophilia A and B during surgical correction of transposition of
      the great arteries.
AB  - Two patients--one an infant and the other an adolescent--with transposition of
      the great arteries and hemophilia underwent a successful major reconstructive
      open-heart surgical procedure. Despite a severe coagulation deficiency, a major
      reconstructive cardiac operation was performed with the use of a detailed
      replacement plan, which took into consideration the potency of the replacement
      material and its potential hazards, biologic half-life, and anticipated in vivo
      recovery on the basis of the patient's plasma volume. To our knowledge, these are
      the first reports of successful surgical repair of this type in patients with
      severe coagulation factor deficiency.

PMID- 6827865
TI  - Routine use of intravenous pyelography in patients with hyperparathyroidism?

PMID- 6827864
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6827863
TI  - Tests for pernicious anemia: serum intrinsic factor blocking antibody.

PMID- 6827861
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy for unilateral carotid system transient cerebral ischemia.
AB  - This study involved 151 consecutive patients who had transient focal cerebral
      ischemia (TIA) in one carotid arterial system and who had carotid endarterectomy
      on the side corresponding to the ischemic symptoms. Each patient was examined
      preoperatively by a neurologist, who also judged the postoperative morbidity and
      mortality. All patients were operated on by one surgeon. A major or minor
      ischemic stroke occurred in 3% of patients during operation or within 30 days
      thereafter. The mortality was less than 1% at 1 month. After the first month,
      ischemic stroke occurred at a rate of 2% per year, and two-thirds of the strokes
      were ipsilateral to the endarterectomy. Long-term mortality was 3% per year. Long
      term stroke morbidity was less than would have been expected for a comparable
      group of patients with TIA, and the percentage of deaths due to a cardiac cause
      was greater than expected, owing to a relative shift from stroke mortality to
      cardiac mortality. No patient who had a cerebral blood flow of 40 ml or greater
      per 100 g of brain per minute during occlusion for endarterectomy had a stroke
      during operation or during 4 1/2 years of follow-up.

PMID- 6827866
TI  - Acute renal failure during azopropazone therapy.

PMID- 6827867
TI  - Algorithm-directed care by nonphysician practitioners in a pediatric population:
      Part I. Adherence to algorithm logic and reproducibility of nonphysician
      practitioner data-gathering behavior.
AB  - The ability of quickly trained nonphysician practitioners to care for pediatric
      patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) was evaluated in 3802
      patients. These nonphysician practitioners (Army Pamosists) used an explicit
      treatment protocol and computerized audit of protocol adherence. Pamosists
      omitted protocol-suggested plans in 3.7 per cent of cases and ordered unnecessary
      treatment plans in 1.7 per cent of cases. They did not obtain a suggested MD
      consultation in 6.2 per cent of the cases. Agreement between Pamosists and
      pediatricians on data and management decisions (PM-MD study) was then compared
      with agreement on the same variables between pairs of a group of five
      pediatricians who saw a separate but comparable group of 103 pediatric URI
      patients (MD-MD study). The Pamosists demonstrated good (77 to 89 per cent)
      overall agreement with pediatricians, and the amounts of agreement between
      Pamosists and pediatricians in the PM-MD study did not generally differ
      significantly (p greater than 0.05) from the agreement on the same variables
      between pairs of pediatricians in the MD-MD study.

PMID- 6827868
TI  - Algorithm-directed care by nonphysician practitioners in a pediatric population.
      Part II. Clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and costs of care.
AB  - We compared outcome and cost of care for 2234 pediatric patients with upper
      respiratory tract infections cared for by nonphysician practitioners and 304
      similar patients cared for by pediatricians. We found no significant differences
      (p greater than 0.05) between nonphysician practitioners' patients and
      pediatricians' patients in the status of the original symptoms, the number of
      patients reporting new symptoms, the number of return visits, or the reasons for
      return visits. Approximately 93 per cent of both groups had no complaints about
      their care. Medication costs were higher for Pamosists than pediatricians, but
      lower labor costs caused Pamosist care to be 15.5 per cent ($2.64) less expensive
      than pediatrician care in this setting, even when the costs of Pamosist audit by
      computer were included. Through use of clinical algorithms with computer audit,
      relatively untrained nonphysician practitioners can deliver safe, cost-effective
      health care to pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections.

PMID- 6827871
TI  - Health problems encountered by pediatric nurse practitioners and pediatricians in
      ambulatory care clinics.
AB  - This study documents the health problems managed by pediatric nurse practitioners
      (PNPs) and pediatricians and examines the effects of setting and provider group
      on the distribution of health problems. Proportional samples by clinic were
      selected from a total of 11,968 patient visits to five ambulatory care clinics
      during an 18-week period in 1978. A patient encounter form was devised and the
      ICD-9-CM was used as the coding system. Results indicated 1) distributions of
      health problems differed significantly between the PNPs and the pediatricians in
      each clinic; 2) setting significantly effected the distributions of both types of
      health problems; and 3) provider group significantly affected the distribution of
      health problems with V codes but not frequently reported problems given a
      setting. The PNPs caseloads differ from pediatrician caseloads in diagnostic
      categories and wellness emphases. Community-based settings seem to be especially
      appropriate for nurse practitioner practice.

PMID- 6827869
TI  - Clinical algorithms for prehospital cardiac care.
AB  - Algorithms for the prehospital management of cardiac arrhythmias were developed
      and their use by and value to paramedics evaluated. The algorithms, in booklet
      form, were distributed to half of the Philadelphia paramedic platoons; paramedics
      in the other platoons followed a narrative protocol that reflected identical
      contents. An arrhythmia recognition test given 18 months after the algorithm
      booklets were introduced showed that paramedics who received the booklets scored
      significantly higher in identifying life-threatening arrhythmias (p = 0.029) than
      did their counterparts without the booklets. Survival data for 459 patients in
      ventricular fibrillation treated by paramedics were collected 1 year before and 7
      months after the introduction of the algorithm booklets. The paramedics using the
      algorithms improved their survival rate from 11.25 to 15.1 per cent, while the
      survival rate for patients treated by paramedics using the narrative protocols
      decreased from 12.4 to 7.7 per cent. The likelihood of obtaining a ratio of
      survival odds of this magnitude when there is no true difference is 0.092. Time
      to-death was significantly different (p = 0.04) for the two groups of patients.
      Thus, the use of algorithm booklets as an inexpensive educational aid for
      paramedics is recommended.

PMID- 6827872
TI  - Measuring functional outcomes in chronic disease: a comparison of traditional
      scales and a self-administered health status questionnaire in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A new "health-status" questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), was
      examined to determine whether it offered measurement advantages over the
      traditional American Rheumatism Association (ARA) functional scale or patient
      self-ratings of function. Seventy-nine outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      administered the SIP to themselves and provided self-ratings on a 7-point
      functional scale. Clinicians independently rated patients on the ARA functional
      scale, and repeated measures were obtained over a 6-month period. Scores on the
      SIP or its subscales showed stronger correlations than the other scales with
      hematocrit, sedimentation rate, grip strength, morning stiffness, duration of RA,
      anatomic stage, work status, and psychiatric status. Validity of the SIP appeared
      to be maintained with repeated administrations, and the SIP was more reliable
      than either of the other scales. These findings, as well as the comprehensiveness
      and feasibility of the self-administered SIP, suggest that this (and perhaps
      similar health status instruments) may be a useful supplement to more traditional
      measures of chronic disease outcome.

PMID- 6827873
TI  - Do category rating scales produce biased preference weights for a health index?
AB  - Category rating scales are frequently used to measure social preferences in
      health decision models. The use of category rating scale methods has been
      questioned because subjects allegedly attempt to use rating scale categories
      equally often. This results in scale values that are contingent upon the context
      in which a stimulus is presented. In Experiment 1, subjects were randomly divided
      into five groups that rated a series of health case descriptions using the
      category method. Extensive pretesting had established the scale values for the
      stimuli. For one group, all values of the stimuli were evenly distributed across
      the response scale (as determined by pretests). For a second group, only items
      from the top of the scale were used; for a third group, only items with low
      values were used; for the fourth group items with low and high values (but not
      middle range) were presented; and for the fifth, items with medium values were
      presented. The results demonstrated that the values for items remain essentially
      the same, regardless of the group in which they are presented. These results were
      confirmed and extended in a second experiment. Experiment 3 demonstrated that
      subjects will attempt to use categories equally often when the stimuli are not
      health case descriptions but only when the response continuum and end-points of
      the rating scale are poorly defined. It is suggested that rating scales can
      provide valid and reliable results if the response continuum is made clear to
      subjects.

PMID- 6827874
TI  - The relative impact of status and health variables upon sick-role expectations.
AB  - This study deals with the relative impact of socioeconomic status and the level
      of physical and emotional health upon the sick-role concepts of the laymen in a
      comprehensive health care system. The selection of variables was guided by our
      recognition that Parsons' "deviation" model of the sick-role ignores the
      importance of environmental resources, in particular those that are required for
      coping with chronic illness and permanent handicaps. No significant differences
      were found across social classes with regard to serious acute illnesses. By
      contrast, significant differences between occupational groups were found for
      chronic illnesses, in which recovery and resumption of independent functioning
      depend more on the patient's own resources than on professional medical care. The
      lower the occupational status, the more dependency the patient was allowed. These
      differences are largely attributable to socioeconomic rather than to cultural
      resources and to the state of health.

PMID- 6827870
TI  - The effect of algorithms on the cost and quality of patient care.
AB  - In a Veterans Administration ambulatory care facility staffed by experienced
      nurse practitioners, we observed the length of visits, time utilization for
      various activities, and the use of diagnostic tests before and after introducing
      algorithms for 12 common chief complaints. Charges for diagnostic tests decreased
      as much as 40 per cent, primarily because of reduced utilization of radiographs
      such as spine films. Nurse practitioner productivity was unaffected once the
      nurse practitioners became familiar with the algorithms. Outcome of illness did
      not change measurably, but the process of care improved as reflected by more
      complete data collection documented in the medical record.

PMID- 6827875
TI  - Health status and social factors in nonprescribed drug use.
AB  - This article examines the relationship between a set of demographic,
      socioeconomic, sociopsychologic, and health status characteristics of a
      heterogeneous adult population and their use of nonprescribed drugs. The
      objective is to determine whether nonprescribed drug use is best accounted for by
      demographic and socioeconomic factors, by health and medical beliefs, by health
      status, or by some combination of these. The data are derived from a personal
      interview survey of 2603 adult members of the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care
      Program, Oregon Region. The results indicated that a combination of
      characteristics from among these three sets were the best predictors. Sex,
      income, education, mental health status, tendency toward self-treatment, and
      level of concern with health matters were the most important variables, although
      they account for only a small amount of the variation in nonprescribed drug use.
      A portrait of the most frequent users of nonprescribed drugs raised the question
      as to whether these are the classic neurotics, the "worried-well," or persons
      whose medical care needs have not been adequately recognized or met.

PMID- 6827876
TI  - Patients' priorities for medical care.
AB  - Relatively little research has been done on the importance patients attach to
      various aspects of their medical care when their options are constrained. We
      studied priorities for care among 225 patients attending the medical clinics of a
      university teaching hospital. Eight attributes of medical care were considered:
      continuity, coordination, comprehensiveness, availability, convenience, cost,
      expertise, and compassion. Priorities were established by the method of paired
      comparisons. Continuity of care was the highest priority for these patients,
      while cost and convenience were lowest. Priorities varied in subgroups of
      patients defined by demographic, illness, and utilization characteristics.
      Patients with acute problems preferred coordination and expertise, while those
      with chronic problems ranked continuity higher. Patients younger than 30 years
      old valued coordination most; older patients preferred continuity and
      comprehensiveness. Since all aspects of medical care cannot be provided to all
      people, and choices are necessary, patients' priorities should be considered when
      planning health services.

PMID- 6827878
TI  - Symposium on infections in office practice.

PMID- 6827880
TI  - Aging and the respiratory system.

PMID- 6827883
TI  - [Anastomoses between the segmental arteries of the liver and phrenicohepatic
      arterio-arterial anastomoses].
AB  - A corrosion - cast anatomical study was performed on human livers. At first
      arterio-arterial anastomoses between the inferior phrenic arteries and branches
      of the main hepatic artery were investigated. Secondly, arterial communications
      between the right and left hepatic artery are described. 1. The anatomical
      functional study of phrenico-hepatic anastomoses gives new detailed information
      on the arterial blood supply of the liver out of the phrenic arteries. These
      collaterals are a consistent finding. By far the largest part of the
      phrenicohepatic anastomoses is derived from the right inferior phrenic artery.
      The superior and posterior segments receive most of the anastomoses. In about 10%
      of our cases we succeeded in filling almost the whole arterial system of the
      liver by injecting the inferior phrenic arteries. 2. There are three anastomotic
      pathways from the right hepatic artery to the left: the so-called portal
      anastomoses (hilar anastomoses), translobar vessels, and the capsular arteries.

PMID- 6827882
TI  - [Special diagnostic and therapeutic problems with primary bone tumors of the
      chest wall].
AB  - The rare primary bone tumors of the chest wall have to be distinguished from
      metastatic or specific inflammatory bone diseases as well as from neoplasm of
      mediastinal or bronchogenic origin secondarily involving the chest wall. Their x
      ray appearance may lead to confusion with pulmonary or mediastinal tumors. Since
      definite diagnosis by x-ray studies including computed tomography is not possible
      and many of these tumors are malignant or tend to recur locally, radical
      resection is mandatory. From 1970 to 1982 34 primary tumors of the bony chest
      wall were observed. A definite histological diagnosis was obtained in 28 cases.
      Ten tumors were malignant, chondrosarcoma being the most frequent ones. Tumor
      resections were carried out in 27 patients, the surgical procedures being single
      rib resection (17), multiple rib resection (6), partial sternum resection (2) and
      thoracotomy (2) for tumor enucleation. In 8 cases chest wall defects had to be
      covered with lyophilized Dura mater (2), with diaphragm (2), subscapular (1) and
      pectoral muscle flaps (3).

PMID- 6827881
TI  - [Preliminary experience with biological omental investment as a therapeutic
      procedure for infected lesions in vascular surgery].
AB  - Description of 8 patients, demonstrating deep infections following vascular
      reconstructive procedures. The classical method of treating these consists of
      removing all foreign material and circumventing the lesion by extra-anatomic
      bypass. A long extra-anatomic conduit needs a good run-off, therefore alternative
      methods of treatment are sometimes indicated, e.g. transposition of the omentum.
      In 8 instances healthy omentum was used to cover the infected conduit in order to
      preserve the reconstruction and to obtain healing of the wound. The procedure was
      successfully employed in 4 cases. Solitary infections healed without
      complications (3 patients). Out of 5 patients showing the catastrophic sequence
      of events - infection plus exsanguinating hemorrhage - only one was managed
      successfully.

PMID- 6827877
TI  - The role of perceived price in physicians' demand for diagnostic tests.
AB  - This research examines the extent of physicians implicit price knowledge and its
      role in the physicians' demand for diagnostic tests. In particular, it examines
      the effect of perceived price on the quantity of test ordered. A group of 36
      second and third-year residents and 23 clinical faculty members in three family
      practice centers affiliated with the Family Medicine Department of Wayne State
      University were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental
      group. They were asked to review four case studies and indicate on a test order
      form the tests they would order. The experimental group used a test order form
      that included the actual test prices and the control group used the same form but
      without the prices included. Subsequent to this, the control group (those without
      actual price information) was asked to estimate the price of all tests listed.
      Physicians' implicit price knowledge was measured by the number of
      underestimates, overestimates, and correct estimates and correlated with the
      total number of tests ordered. The results show the following tendencies: 1)
      physicians generally incorrectly estimate prices; 2) they tend to underestimate
      rather than overestimate; 3) they tend to underestimate the higher priced tests
      and overestimate the lower priced tests; 4) the greater the propensity to
      underestimate, the greater the number of tests ordered; 5) the greater the
      propensity to overestimate, the fewer the number of tests ordered; and 6) the
      greater the propensity to correctly estimate, the fewer the number of tests
      ordered. The results indicate that in the absence of actual prices, perceived
      prices enter the physicians' demand function and that physicians' demand for
      diagnostic tests might be categorized as rational.

PMID- 6827885
TI  - The thyroid and immunology. Research Workshop of the Thyroid Foundation,
      University of Alberta. July 24-25, 1982, Edmonton, Canada.

PMID- 6827879
TI  - Symposium on clinical geriatric medicine.

PMID- 6827884
TI  - [Air microbial level during operations].

PMID- 6827886
TI  - Anti-idiotypic immunity and autoimmunity: III. Investigations in human autoimmune
      thyroiditis.
AB  - We have recently shown that autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in from rats with
      spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis share idiotypic determinants and can be
      characterized using heterologous anti-idiotypic antibodies. We have also shown
      that cross-reacting idiotypic determinants are present on autoantibodies to rat
      thyroglobulin from rats with experimentally induced autoimmune thyroiditis as
      well as on antibodies to rat thyroglobulin from animals of various strains and
      species. In the present paper we report that anti-idiotypic antibodies have been
      obtained in rabbits immunized with purified human autoantibodies against
      thyroglobulin. We also confirm the finding that both human and rat autoantibodies
      to thyroglobulin partially cross-react with heterologous thyroglobulin.

PMID- 6827887
TI  - The influence of cyclosporin a on experimental autoimmune thyroid disease in the
      rat.
AB  - Female PVG/c rats, thymectomized on weaning and given 4 courses of whole body
      irradiation to a total dose of 1000 rads, developed experimental autoimmune
      thyroid disease (EAITD) as assessed by histological evidence of thyroiditis and
      circulating levels of antithyroglobulin antibodies. Hypothyroidism resulted.
      Induction of the disease was associated with a highly significant fall in T
      lymphocyte numbers. Eight weeks after their last dose of irradiation the animals
      commenced treatment with Cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg rat/day, intragastrically) and
      were treated for varying time intervals thereafter. The reversal of the T
      lymphocyte helper: suppressor ratio on Cyclosporin A therapy was associated with
      a significant improvement in the disease process. The alterations in the T cell
      subsets and in the disease lasted only as long as the drug was administered and
      thereafter reverted towards that seen in the control groups of animals receiving
      no treatment.

PMID- 6827888
TI  - Effects of injected sympathomimetic amines on plasma catecholamines and
      circulatory variables in man.
AB  - We measured blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and plasma catecholamine responses
      to a 5-minute infusion of 0.3 mg/kg d-amphetamine (d-A) and to graded bolus
      injections of tyramine (Tyr) to a similar increment in systolic pressure (BPs),
      in 9 and 7 healthy people, respectively. Both sympathomimetic agents dramatically
      increased BPs (mean increases peaking at 39 and 36 mm Hg for d-A and Tyr),
      associated with increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) (224 and 149 pg/ml) but
      unassociated with changes in plasma epinephrine or HR. The time course of BPs and
      NE responses to Tyr was much shorter than to d-A, but the pattern was similar.
      The results are consistent with the hypotheses that both agents increase BPs via
      increased synaptic cleft NE, and that circulating plasma NE reflects "spillover"
      from the cleft into the general circulation.

PMID- 6827889
TI  - Alteration in sensitivity of transmural electrical response to propionate in rat
      colon after chronic luminal infusion of short-chain fatty acids.
AB  - The colon is always exposed to abundant short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced
      by gut fermentation. In order to know an effect of chronic load of SCFA on
      colonic functions, we studied that the acute and chronic effects of SCFA on
      transmural potential difference (p.d.) across the proximal colon of germ-free
      (GF), gnotobiotic (GB) and conventionalized (CV) rats in vivo. Intravenous
      administration of SCFA (acute effect), such as propionate, butyrate, valerate or
      caproate, caused a transient increase in the p.d. The acute effects of propionate
      were studied in detail. The dose-response curve of CV rats shifted markedly to
      the right compared to that of GF rats, suggesting that CV rats were less
      sensitive to the acute effects of propionate than GF rats. Decreased sensitivity
      also appeared in GB rats (monocontamination with Fusobacterium varium). By
      chronic luminal infusion of isotonic sodium propionate or butyrate (25.5 ml/day)
      into the proximal colon of GF rats for 7 days (chronic effect), the acute effects
      of propionate were reduced. Atropine reduced the p.d. increment produced by
      propionate and shifted the dose-response curve of propionate to the right. These
      results suggest that chronic luminal load of SCFA resulted in a type of chronic
      refractoriness.

PMID- 6827890
TI  - Brain histamine-plasma corticosterone interactions.
AB  - Significant elevation in plasma corticosterone of rats achieved by
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of corticosterone (2.4 mg/kg) was
      associated with a rapid (2.5 min) and significant increase in hypothalamic
      histamine (HA) levels which persisted for 60 min. Midbrain and cortical HA
      concentrations were not affected. Significant and prolonged elevation of
      hypothalamic, midbrain and cortical HA levels was achieved by L-histidine
      administration (500 mg/kg i.p.). The most significant increase was noted in the
      hypothalamus and persisted for 10 hours. The elevated brain HA levels were
      associated with significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels which lasted
      for 120 mins. Present data supports the involvement of central HA in endocrine
      function.

PMID- 6827891
TI  - Bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate nephrotoxicity: effect of sex and CoCl2
      pretreatment.
AB  - Bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (BIS-BP) is one of two identified metabolites
      of Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TRIS-BP). We have previously shown that
      BIS-BP is more acutely nephrotoxic than TRIS-BP. We now report the effect of sex
      and inhibition of drug metabolism on BIS-BP toxicity. Compared to male rats, age
      matched female rats developed less severe and extensive structural damage after
      BIS-BP. Renal dysfunction, as indexed by serum creatinine and in vitro renal
      cortical uptake of para-aminohippurate and N-(14C) methylnicotinamide was similar
      in males and females. Pretreatment of males with the drug metabolism inhibitor,
      cobaltous chloride, reduced both functional and structural evidence of BIS-BP
      toxicity. In separate studies, there was no difference in the distribution of
      radiolabel in male and female rats three days after administration of 14C-TRIS
      BP. These studies showing that female rats are resistant to acute BIS-BP
      structural damage may explain the previously reported lack of carcinogenicity of
      TRIS-BP in female rats. The reduction of BIS-BP toxicity by CoCl2 suggests that
      unidentified, nephrotoxic metabolites exist and are responsible for part of the
      nephrotoxicity of BIS-BP.

PMID- 6827893
TI  - Isolation versus grouped housing in rats: differential effects of low doses of
      heroin in the place preference paradigm.
AB  - Male Long Evans rats were reared from weaning (21-23 days) either in isolation or
      in groups of four for 40 days. Animals were then individually introduced to a
      testing apparatus consisting of two distinct chambers. A modified place
      preference paradigm was used consisting of 3 phases: (1) An habituation phase (4
      days) during which rats were allowed free access to the entire test apparatus for
      15 min. periods daily; (2) A conditioning phase (4 days) during which rats were
      confined to their non-preferred side for 15 minutes each day immediately
      following subcutaneous injection of 0, 20, 40 and 80 micrograms/kg of heroin HCl;
      (3) A test phase (1 day) during which rats were again allowed free access to the
      testing chamber following injection of vehicle. The difference in time spent on
      the conditioned side during habituation and test periods was determined. The
      group-reared rats showed similar effects for all doses of heroin whereas the same
      magnitude of drug effect was attained only at the highest dose used in the
      isolated rats. This differential sensitivity to heroin in the place preference
      paradigm is discussed in terms of the modification of behavioral effects of
      opiates by environmental influences.

PMID- 6827892
TI  - Regional distribution of microsomal drug and steroid metabolism in the guinea pig
      adrenal cortex.
AB  - The regional distribution of steroid and drug metabolism was studied in intact
      cells and microsomal fractions obtained from the chromatically distinct inner
      (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata plus zona glomerulosa) zones of
      the guinea pig adrenal cortex. Cells isolated from the outer cortical zone
      produced far more cortisol than cells from the inner zone and cortisol production
      was stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone only in cells from the outer zone.
      Among the factors which may contribute to the greater cortisol production by the
      outer zone are a higher rate of 17 alpha-hydroxylation and ratio of 17 alpha- to
      21-hydroxylase activities in that zone, both of which favor cortisol synthesis.
      In contrast, steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was far greater than 17 alpha
      hydroxylase activity in microsomes obtained from the inner zone of the adrenal
      cortex. Microsomal metabolism of various xenobiotics such as benzo(a)pyrene and
      ethylmorphine proceeded far more rapidly in the inner than outer cortical zone.
      The zonal differences in metabolism appeared to result in part from differences
      in the ability of xenobiotics to interact with microsomal cytochromes P-450 in
      the two zones. The results indicate that the inner zone has a minor role in
      cortisol production by the adrenal cortex, but its involvement in the production
      of other steroids cannot be excluded. In contrast, the inner zone appears to have
      the major role in the metabolism of at least some xenobiotics which may account
      for its greater vulnerability to the toxic effects of chemicals requiring
      metabolic activation.

PMID- 6827895
TI  - Chronic caffeine consumption potentiates the hypotensive action of circulating
      adenosine.
AB  - Mean arterial blood pressure was correlated with arterial plasma adenosine levels
      during intravenous adenosine infusion in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats.
      Elevation of plasma adenosine to 5 to 6 microM (normal range 1.6 to 4.6 microM)
      depressed mean arterial pressure by 20 to 30 percent: this was blocked by a
      single caffeine injection (15 mg/kg). In contrast, caffeine consumption for 3
      weeks, followed by a 1-day washout, markedly potentiated responses to adenosine,
      plasma levels in the 2 to 4 microM range causing 30 to 40 percent reductions in
      mean arterial pressure. These observations suggest that chronic occupancy of
      cardiovascular adenosine receptors by caffeine can enhance tissue responsiveness
      to adenosine, and that endogenous adenosine might act as a circulating hormone.

PMID- 6827894
TI  - Binding of phencyclidine to the detergent solubilized acetylcholine receptor from
      Torpedo marmorata.
AB  - The binding of phencyclidine to the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata
      electroplaque was measured following solubilization of the receptor in sodium
      cholate followed by the exchange of cholate for Tween 80. In both the membrane
      bound and solubilized AChR, the addition of cholinergic agonists simultaneously
      with the addition of PCP results in a 100 to 1000 fold increase in the PCP
      association rate and a 5 to 10 fold increase in the dissociation rate as compared
      to the unliganded AChR or AChR equilibrated with agonist prior to PCP addition.
      In addition, the number of binding sites and the pharmacological properties of
      the binding are not markedly changed in the soluble receptor. These results
      suggest that the acetylcholine receptor can undergo similar conformational
      transitions in the membrane-bound and the Tween 80 solubilized form and that
      phencyclidine can monitor these transitions in both cases.

PMID- 6827896
TI  - Effect of estrogen treatment on calcium uptake by the rat uterine smooth muscle.
AB  - The effect of estrogenization on cellular 45Ca uptake by the isolated uterine
      strips was studied. Whereas estrogenization 1 h before sacrifice of
      ovariectomized rats caused no significant change in Ca uptake by the isolated
      uteri, exposure to estrogen 24 h before sacrifice resulted in a significant
      increase in uptake. Following continuous exposure for 72 h to estrogen, the
      uptake of Ca was increasd by more than two-fold. Increased Ca uptake following
      estrogenization may largely account for the increased contractile responses of
      the uterine smooth muscle particularly those induced by potassium depolarization.

PMID- 6827897
TI  - Uptake of metabolism of norepinephrine in isolated perfused fetal, newborn and
      adult rabbit lungs.
AB  - We compared the ability of isolated perfused lungs from previable, 26-day
      gestation, fetal rabbits; newborn rabbits (within 12 hours of birth) and 3 month
      old adult rabbits to metabolize a 20-second bolus of norepinephrine (NE). The
      concentration of NE infused was much below the Km for the NE uptake process to
      assure first order uptake kinetics. At these low concentrations no vasoactivity
      was observed. The retention time of a vascular marker dye was monitored as an
      index of pulmonary vascular surface area. In all three sizes of lungs perfusate
      flow was adjusted to produce an approximately 7 second dye retention time. At
      these flow adult and newborn lungs inactivate about 50 to 60 percent of the
      infused NE. In contrast, fetal rabbit lungs inactivate about 80 percent of the
      infused NE. We conclude that circulating NE is most avidly taken up and
      metabolized during fetal lung development. The physiologic significance of this
      fetal NE inactivation remains unknown.

PMID- 6827899
TI  - Effect of specific serotonergic lesions on cholinergic neurons in the
      hippocampus, cortex and striatum.
AB  - Local injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the median raphe nucleus of rats
      pretreated with desipramine decreases the serotonin content of the hippocampus
      and cortex. The turnover of acetylcholine, as measured by the rate of decline of
      acetylcholine content after hemicholinium-3, is not affected in the hippocampus
      or the striatum, but is increased in the cortex by such treatment. Local
      injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus of desipramine
      treated rats decreases the serotonin content of the hippocampus, cortex, and
      striatum. The turnover of acetylcholine is increased in the hippocampus and
      cortex, but not affected in the striatum. Thus, serotonergic neurons from the
      median raphe nucleus appear to tonically inhibit cholinergic neurons in the
      cortex, and serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus appear to
      tonically inhibit cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. These
      serotonergic neurons do not appear to act tonically on striatal cholinergic
      neurons.

PMID- 6827898
TI  - Can sympathomimetic agents be classified by their action on the force-interval
      relationship?

PMID- 6827901
TI  - Evidence for the presence of enkephalins in the heart.
AB  - Extracts of guinea pig hearts were subjected to high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) and the eluted fractions monitored by radioimmunoassays
      (RIA) for their content of leucine5-enkephalin (Leu-ENK) and methionine5
      enkephalin (Met-ENK). Distinct peaks of both Leu-ENK and Met-ENK immunoreactivity
      were found corresponding to the position of synthetic Leu-ENK and Met-ENK
      respectively. The ratio of Leu-ENK to Met-ENK content was about 1:4. Chemical
      sympathectomy with 5-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) produced a dramatic fall in
      noradrenaline content of the heart by more than 99%, whereas the concentration in
      Leu-ENK was reduced by only 70%. The Leu-ENK content of the adrenal glands was
      not affected by this treatment. These observations point to an enkephalinergic
      innervation of the heart which appears to be mainly of sympathetic origin. The
      results suggest the participation of enkephalins in cardiac reflex mechanisms.

PMID- 6827900
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of naloxone, naltrexone and morphine in the squirrel
      monkey.
AB  - Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were recorded from
      conscious, chair-restrained squirrel monkeys surgically prepared with chronically
      indwelling arterial and venous catheters to determine the effects of acute
      intravenous injections of two opiate antagonists and an agonist. Naloxone (0.3-
      10.0 mg/kg) or naltrexone (0.3--10.0 mg/kg) had little effect on HR or BP during
      a 30-minute post-injection period. Morphine (3.0--5.6 mg/kg) produced biphasic
      effects comprising an initial decrease followed by an increase in HR, and an
      increase followed by a decrease in BP. Lower morphine doses had lesser effects
      during a 100-minute post-injection period. Pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg naloxone
      attenuated the depressive effect of morphine on HR and BP, but increases in HR
      and BP due to morphine were enhanced. Pretreatment with 0.3 mg/kg naloxone
      prevented morphine-induced decreases in HR and BP, yet increases in HR and BP
      persisted. In previous behavioral studies, morphine in combination with naloxone
      similarly increased rates of responding in the squirrel monkey. Together, these
      data suggest an effect of naloxone that goes beyond mere pharmacological
      antagonism of the effects of morphine.

PMID- 6827902
TI  - Studies of a possible relationship of brain proteins to changes in behavioral
      sensitivity to DFP.

PMID- 6827903
TI  - Dual action on central dopamine function of transdihydrolisuride, a 9, 10
      dihydrogenated analogue of the ergot dopamine agonist lisuride.

PMID- 6827904
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological variations in rabbit prolactin plasma levels.
AB  - By using a specific homologous double-antibody RIA, physiological and
      pharmacological variation in prolactin plasma levels were studied in the rabbit.
      The study of plasma levels during 24 h period demonstrated the presence of a
      rhythmic secretion of prolactin with higher values between 15.00 and 19.00 h.
      Prolactin plasma levels were low in neonatal rabbits and increased gradually with
      the age of the animals. In adult rabbits a significant higher prolactin plasma
      concentration was found in female animals. Blood levels fluctuate during the
      first half of pregnancy but the mean levels were higher than those found during
      the second half of gestation. A remarkable increase of plasma levels was observed
      24 h before parturition and during lactation. Plasma prolactin concentrations
      increased after injection of both chlorpromazine and sulpiride. The
      hyperprolactinaemic effect of sulpiride was abolished by bromocriptine.

PMID- 6827906
TI  - Rescue from hypervitaminosis A or potentiation of retinoid toxicity by different
      modes of cyclodextrin administration.

PMID- 6827905
TI  - Antagonism of vascular serotonin receptors by m-chlorophenylpiperazine and m
      trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine.
AB  - m-Chlorophenylpiperazine and m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, two compounds
      that act as agonists at central serotonin receptors mediating certain
      neuroendocrine, behavioral and serotonin turnover effects, lacked appreciable
      agonist activity at serotonin receptors mediating contraction of the rat jugular
      vein. Instead, these compounds were potent antagonists of serotonin-induced
      contraction of the jugular vein. Apparently these non-indole compounds affect
      serotonin receptors in various tissues differently, being agonists in brain but
      mainly antagonists at some peripheral serotonin receptor sites.

PMID- 6827907
TI  - Catecholamine-induced changes in transmembrane potential and temperature in
      normal and dystrophic hamster brown adipose tissue.

PMID- 6827909
TI  - Interactions of morphine with putative neurotransmitters in the mesencephalic
      reticular formation.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) have been identified previously as
      putative nociceptive neurotransmitters in the mesencephalic reticular formation
      (MRF) of the rat because they frequently mimic the change in neuronal firing
      (usually an increase) evoked by a noxious stimulus (NS). The purpose of this
      study was to determine if 1.) morphine (M) acts to prevent the increase in firing
      evoked by a NS by blocking the effects of either of these two neurotransmitters
      and 2.) if this effect is a specific narcotic effect. Using the technique of
      microiontophoresis in conjunction with extracellular recording, we located single
      units in the MRF in which 1.) neuronal firing was accelerated by a NS: 2.) M
      blocked this response; and 3.) either ACh or NE mimicked the effect of the NS.
      Neurons meeting these three criteria were studied further to determine if
      morphine would also block the response to either of the neurotransmitters and if
      this was a specific narcotic effect. We found that morphine blocked the increase
      in neuronal firing evoked by the NS and ACh or the NS and NE in over 50% of the
      cells meeting the above criteria. Some neurons were found in which both ACh and
      NE mimicked the NS and M blocked all three responses. This blockade of these
      neurotransmitters was a specific narcotic effect because it could be reversed by
      the systemic administration of naloxone. These data lead to the tentative
      hypothesis that M, acting via an opiate receptor, blocks the increase in neuronal
      firing evoked by a NS by blocking the postsynaptic effects of either ACh or NE.
      This may be one of the mechanisms by which morphine acts to produce analgesia.

PMID- 6827910
TI  - Butorphanol tartrate induces feeding in rats.

PMID- 6827908
TI  - Salt-induced hypertension in chronic renal failure: evidence for a neurogenic
      mechanism.

PMID- 6827912
TI  - Inhibition of sparteine oxidation in human liver by tricyclic antidepressants and
      other drugs.
AB  - Testing for competitive inhibition of sparteine oxidation in the 9000 x g
      supernatant fraction from human liver provides an in vitro means to identify
      drugs which can bind to the same form of cytochrome P450 which oxidizes
      sparteine. There has so far been only two outcomes of this test: either the drug
      examined competed with sparteine for a common binding site, or it did not inhibit
      the reaction. The results of such in vitro testing implicated the involvement of
      guanoxan, nortriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, amitriptyline and
      chlorpromazine with this enzyme. Amobarbital, tolbutamide and guanethidine in
      therapeutic concentrations did not interfere with sparteine oxidation by this
      preparation.

PMID- 6827911
TI  - Urinary profiles of volatile and acid metabolites in germfree and conventional
      rats.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative differences in the urinary excretion of volatile and
      acidic metabolites in germfree and conventional rats were examined by capillary
      gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A number of carbonyl
      compounds, including several short-chain aliphatic ketones and acetophenone, were
      higher in the conventional urines, while many heterocyclic compounds (furan
      derivatives, benzothiazole and others) were lower. Both qualitative and
      quantitative differences were observed in the urinary excretion of acidic
      metabolites. Three meta-hydroxy phenolic acids appeared only in the conventional
      rat urines, while levels of many other aromatic and aliphatic acids were also
      higher.

PMID- 6827914
TI  - Plasma neurotensin release and gastric emptying in the dumping syndrome.
AB  - Seventy-three patients were studied after ingesting a liquid glucose meal, tagged
      with 113Indium. Nineteen of these patients were awaiting surgery for their
      duodenal ulcer, while 54 were studied postoperatively, 25 of whom experienced
      troublesome postprandial (dumping) symptoms in their daily lives. The radioactive
      marker emptied significantly faster in the symptomatic patients than in the
      symptomfree, pre and post-operative groups (initial emptying rate 3.45 +/- 0.23,
      compared with 1.16 +/- 0.19 and 1.27 +/- 0.15% fall in counts/min respectively; p
      less than 0.01). Initial (20 min) rises in the plasma concentrations of
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity measured during the test correlated
      significantly with the rate of gastric emptying in all patients, being greatest
      in patients with dumping symptoms. Physiological concentrations of neurotensin
      have been shown to delay gastric emptying. The excessive rise in plasma
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in patients with dumping symptoms, presumably
      occurring as a result of the rapid passage of nutrients to the neurotensin-rich
      ileum, may possibly have a compensatory role in slowing further emptying from the
      stomach.

PMID- 6827913
TI  - Effect of the alkaloid (-) cathinone on the release of radioactivity from rabbit
      atria prelabelled with 3H-norepinephrine.

PMID- 6827917
TI  - Immunological evidence of cholecystokinin-39 in porcine brain.
AB  - Using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for cholecystokinin-39 (CCK-39),
      CCK-39 was demonstrated in aqueous-acid extracts of procine brain. The highest
      concentration of CCK-39 was found in the cortex (6.1 +/- 1.5 pmol/g). In the
      cortex CCK-39 comprised 21% of total CCK-immunoreactivity and 51% of large CCK
      immunoreactivity.

PMID- 6827915
TI  - Studies on the stability of 3H-dopamine in neostriatal membrane preparations:
      effects of Ascorbic acid.
AB  - The rate of 3H-dopamine decomposition was determined in buffers and in
      neostriatal membrane preparations that are commonly used in binding experiments.
      The rate of decomposition of 3H-dopamine was inhibited considerably by the
      membrane preparation and by ascorbic acid. Under conditions in which the binding
      of 3H-dopamine is routinely measured in neostriatal membrane preparations, there
      was almost no 3H-dopamine decomposition. The data would seem to suggest that the
      routine addition of very high concentrations of antioxidants is unnecessary when
      3H-dopamine binding is being determined.

PMID- 6827918
TI  - Studies on the forms of iron-transferrin released from rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - Measurement of the distribution of the four species of transferrin, viz,
      apotransferrin, diferric transferrin and the two monoferric transferrin, before
      and after incubation of iron-rich rabbit transferrin with rabbit reticulocytes
      showed that not all transferrin released from the cells were in the form of
      apotransferrin. Instead, a mixture of all four species of the protein was
      released with apotransferrin and C-terminal monoferric transferrin being the
      major fractions. The buffer solution containing 125I-labelled transferrin showed
      a continuous gain in percentages in apotransferrin and C-terminal monoferric
      transferrin after each incubation with reticulocytes. The N-terminal monoferric
      transferrin, however, remained unchanged suggesting that in the process of
      transferrin uptake by cells, the diferric transferrin releases its iron from the
      acid-labile site at N-domain first before the other iron from the acid-stable
      site.

PMID- 6827916
TI  - Regulation by divalent cations of 3H-baclofen binding to GABAB sites in rat
      cerebellar membranes.
AB  - When investigating the effects of divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+
      and Ni2+) on 3H-baclofen binding to rat cerebellar synaptic membranes, we found
      that the specific binding of 3H-baclofen was not only dependent on divalent
      cations, but was increased dose-dependently in the presence of these cations. The
      effects were in the following order of potency: Mn2+ congruent to Ni2+ greater
      than Mg2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ba2+. Scatchard
      analysis of the binding data revealed a single component of the binding sites in
      the presence of 2.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 mM CaCl2 or 0.3 mM MnCl2 whereas two components
      appeared in the presence of 2.5 mM MnCl2 or 1 mM NiCl2. In the former, divalent
      cations altered the apparent affinity (Kd) without affecting density of the
      binding sites (Bmax). In the latter, the high-affinity sites showed a higher
      affinity and lower density of the binding sites than did the single component of
      the former. As the maximal effects of four cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+)
      were not additive, there are probably common sites of action of these divalent
      cations. Among the ligands for GABAB sites, the affinity for (-), (+) and (+/-)
      baclofen, GABA and beta-phenyl GABA increased 2-6 fold in the presence of 2.5 mM
      MnCl2, in comparison with that in HEPES-buffered Krebs solution (containing 2.5
      mM CaCl2 and 1.2 mM MgSO4), whereas that for muscimol was decreased to one-fifth.
      Thus, the affinity of GABAB sites for its ligands is probably regulated by
      divalent cations, through common sites of action.

PMID- 6827919
TI  - Parathyroid hormone stimulates adenylate cyclase in rat cerebral microvessels.
AB  - We have studied the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on adenylate cyclase of
      microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex. Native bovine (b) PTH-(1-84), the
      synthetic amino-terminal fragment bPTH-(1-34) and the synthetic analog
      [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]-bPTH- (1-34) amide stimulated adenylate cyclase in a dose
      dependent manner with apparent ED50 values of 16 nM, 6.3 nM and 15 nM
      respectively. The stimulation by bPTH was greatly enhanced by guanosine
      triphosphate. The PTH antagonist, [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]-bPTH-(3-34) amide inhibited
      the action of bPTH-(1-84) and bPTH-(1-34). In summary, PTH stimulated adenylate
      cyclase in rat cerebral microvessels in a very similar manner to its stimulation
      in the renal cortex.

PMID- 6827921
TI  - Antagonism of estrogen action with a new benzothiophene derived antiestrogen.
AB  - A new benzothiophene derived antiestrogen, LY139481, inhibited the uterotropic
      action of estradiol in a dose related fashion, and at 1 mg per day suppressed
      more than 90 percent of estradiol's activity in immature rats. LY139481 induced
      minimal uterotropic activity, and that activity declined in relation to dose. The
      relative binding affinity of LY139481 for rat uterine cytosol estrogen receptors
      was greater than that of estradiol in competitive assays and increased in
      relation to temperature (2.9 +/- 0.5 x estradiol at 30 degrees C). LY139481
      caused estradiol-induced uterine hypertrophy to regress in a manner similar to
      that which resulted from withdrawal of estradiol treatment. Three successive
      daily injections of LY139481 slightly increased uterine weight, and blocked
      additional uterotropic action in response to estradiol and LY139481
      administration on subsequent days. Furthermore, ten daily injections of estradiol
      alone did not increase uterine weight in animals pretreated with LY139481 for
      three days. In contrast, LY139481 did not prevent the partial uterotropic action
      of tamoxifen administration.

PMID- 6827920
TI  - Effect of a novel benzamide, YM-09151-2, on rat serum prolactin levels.
AB  - YM-09151-2(cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl) -5-chloro-2-methoxy-4
      methylaminobenzamide) is a new benzamide which has been reported to be an
      antagonist of dopamine (DA) at D1-type DA receptors. In the present study, we
      have examined the extent of the interaction of YM-09151-2 with D2-type DA
      receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat. YM-09151-2 was found to be
      a potent antagonist of these receptors as extremely low doses of this compound
      produced a marked, dose-dependent elevation of serum prolactin concentrations.
      This benzamide was also a potent blocker of DA-induced inhibition of prolactin
      release in vitro and was very effective in displacing 3H-spiperone from bovine
      pituitary membranes: IC50, 1.04nM. These results are consistent with recent
      evidence that YM-09151-2 is also a potent antagonist of the D2-type receptors in
      the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland.

PMID- 6827923
TI  - Determination of norepinephrine and its metabolites released from rat vas
      deferens using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - We designed a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the determination of
      norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolites by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. NE, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic
      acid (DOMA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) were adsorbed on alumina and
      eluted with 0.2 N HCl. From the remaining solution, normetanephrine and 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MOPEG) were extracted with ethyl acetate in the presence
      of both borate buffer and K2HPO4. Vanillylmandelic acid was extracted with ethyl
      acetate after acidification of the solution with concentrated HCl. The combined
      ethyl acetate phase was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl. A
      50 mu1 aliquot of each eluate or solution was injected onto the HPLC. Detection
      limits ranged from 300 pg to 1 ng per initial sample. We used this method to
      determine substances in the medium following incubation of the rat vas deferens.
      Approximately 110 and 80 ng/g/10 min of DOPEG and MOPEG, respectively, were
      present under normal conditions. The electrical stimulation of tissues from the
      rat vas deferens led to increases in the levels of NE, DOPEG, DOMA and MOPEG.
      Normetanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid were not detected in the medium. This
      is probably the first documentation of the endogenous levels of NE and all its
      metabolites in medium containing tissue of the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 6827924
TI  - Chloral hydrate anesthesia alters the responsiveness of dorsal raphe neurons to
      psychoactive drugs.
AB  - The effects of several psychoactive drugs on raphe unit activity in freely moving
      cats was compared with drug-induced effects in chloral hydrate anesthetized cats.
      The anesthesia greatly potentiated the depressant effects of LSD,
      phenoxybenzamine, clonidine, methiothepin, clozapine, and chlorimipramine on
      raphe units, but partially antagonized the depressant effects of diazepam. These
      results demonstrate that apparently discrepant reports of the affects of these
      drugs on raphe neurons in anesthetized rats versus freely moving cats are
      attributable to the use of anesthesia in rat studies. These data underscore the
      importance of conducting such drug studies in awake, freely moving animals, for
      which the results would be far more relevant to the issue of human drug use.

PMID- 6827922
TI  - The effect of microwave irradiation on vasopressin in plasma and hypothalamo
      neurohypophyseal system.
AB  - Radioimmunoreactive vasopressin was measured in plasma, neurohypophysis and
      hypothalamus of the rats after different procedures of killing: a) microwave
      irradiation; b) decapitation; c) decapitation following a stress induced by
      immobilization in a restrainer. Vasopressin content in the neurohypophysis and
      hypothalamus was much lower in microwave irradiated than in both decapitated and
      stressed decapitated rats. In addition, the data from microwave technique were
      inconsistent with a large scatter. Plasma vasopressin concentration was elevated
      in both the microwave irradiated and stressed decapitated rats, demonstrating
      that restraining of the animals induced an excessive stress. Microwave
      irradiation technique including the necessary manipulation of the animal proved
      to be less suitable than decapitation technique for the measurement of
      vasopressin. It is likely that vasopressin in the hypothalamus and
      neurohypophysis is relatively resistant against post-mortem proteolysis.

PMID- 6827925
TI  - Ventilatory response to adjuvant arthritis in the rat.
AB  - This study examined ventilation in rats with arthritis induced by Mycobacterium
      butyricum. It was found that, 19 days after inoculation, the minute ventilation
      of arthritic rats breathing air was about two-fold higher than that of control
      animals. This increase resulted from an increase both in respiratory frequency
      and in tidal volume. Air-CO2 mixtures continued to stimulate ventilation in
      arthritic rats, and the minute ventilation of these animals on breathing 5 or 7%
      CO2 exceeded that of controls. The results are consistent with the hypothesis
      that arthritic rats hyperventilate and contribute to the validation of adjuvant
      arthritis as an animal model of chronic pain.

PMID- 6827926
TI  - Dissociations between the behavioral effects of LSD and tolerance development
      during ontogeny in cats: a novel approach to the study of tolerance mechanisms.
AB  - The characteristic behavioral effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in
      cats first appeared at approximately 25 days of age and increased rapidly in
      magnitude over the next 10 days. However, 25 day old kittens showed no tolerance
      to the repeated administration of the drug. While the behavioral response to the
      initial dose of LSD remained relatively constant between 35 and 112 days of age,
      the tolerance gradually became more pronounced throughout this time period,
      reaching an adult level of virtually complete tolerance at 112 days. These
      findings provide new insight into the nature of the relationship between the
      primary drug action and the development of tolerance, and suggest a new strategy
      for investigating the neural bases of tolerance, i.e., examining the
      neurochemical effects of repeated LSD administration in kittens during various
      stages of tolerance development.

PMID- 6827928
TI  - [Use of dimetpramid for the prevention and treatment of neurotoxic reactions
      during radio- and chemotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 6827927
TI  - Comparison of the effects of chronic haloperidol treatment on A9 and A10 dopamine
      neurons in the rat.
AB  - The effects of chronic haloperidol (CHAL) treatment on A9 and A10 dopamine (DA)
      neurons were compared using extracellular single cell recording techniques. CHAL
      caused a time-dependent reduction in the number of spontaneously active A9 and
      A10 DA cells and induced an irregular firing pattern in many of the DA cells that
      remained active. Both of these effects occurred earlier and to a greater extent
      in A10 than in A9. Intravenous injection of the DA agonist apomorphine reversed
      both the reduction of active DA neurons and the irregular discharge pattern,
      suggesting that both effects were due to the process of depolarization
      inactivation. Lesions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) produced by ibotenic acid
      prevented the development of depolarization inactivation of A10 DA neurons,
      indicating that this process is mediated primarily by NAc-A10 feedback pathways.
      The results suggest that the slow development of depolarization inactivation of
      DA cells produced by CHAL may contribute to the delayed onset of the clinical
      effects of long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

PMID- 6827929
TI  - [Dosimetric provisions for intracavitary gamma therapy of cancer of the cervix on
      the "Curietron" afterloading apparatus].

PMID- 6827930
TI  - [Comparison of the accuracy of methods of pre-irradiation preparation of patients
      with cancer of the cervix for intracavitary radiotherapy].

PMID- 6827931
TI  - [Roentgenomorphological picture of changes in the lungs following lymphography
      with ethiotrast].

PMID- 6827933
TI  - [Economic analysis of the organization of radiodiagnostic service for
      neurosurgical patients].

PMID- 6827932
TI  - [Study of pancreatic exocrine function with a Se75-source].

PMID- 6827935
TI  - [Optimization of radiotherapy and evaluation of radiobiological parameters].

PMID- 6827934
TI  - [Natural dispersion of the elemental composition of normal and neoplastic
      tissues].

PMID- 6827936
TI  - [Equipment of medical establishments with radiation control equipment].

PMID- 6827937
TI  - [Doses from incorporated radiopharmaceutical preparations during diagnostic
      studies on patients of different age groups].

PMID- 6827938
TI  - [Difficulties in interpreting focal changes in liver scanograms].

PMID- 6827939
TI  - [Perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung
      diseases].

PMID- 6827941
TI  - Diminished responsibility and the Sutcliffe case: legal, psychiatric and social
      aspects (a 'layman's' view).

PMID- 6827944
TI  - Medical negligence today--an appraisal.

PMID- 6827942
TI  - Damages for the birth of a child--some possible policy barriers.

PMID- 6827943
TI  - The fatal blood alcohol level in acute alcohol poisoning.

PMID- 6827940
TI  - [Catheter for topometric preparation of patients with cancer of the cervix for
      irradiation].

PMID- 6827945
TI  - A specific recognition deficit in a case of homicide.

PMID- 6827946
TI  - Homosexual offences as reported by the press.

PMID- 6827948
TI  - An unusual case of sudden death associated with masturbation.

PMID- 6827950
TI  - [The glitter and misery of reductionism or the analysis of a stuffed doll].

PMID- 6827947
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis: its
      application in the medico-legal autopsy.

PMID- 6827952
TI  - [Treatment of hypertension (V)].

PMID- 6827951
TI  - [Semen trade across the Atlantic?].

PMID- 6827953
TI  - [Shock lung].

PMID- 6827949
TI  - Plastic bag death--a toluene fatality.

PMID- 6827954
TI  - [Noise does not make everyone ill!].

PMID- 6827955
TI  - [Does vagotomy increase the risk of stomach cancer?].

PMID- 6827956
TI  - [Peripheral arterial embolisms].

PMID- 6827959
TI  - [Psychosomatic results of ovariectomy].

PMID- 6827958
TI  - [Stage related radiation treatment of endometrial cancer].

PMID- 6827957
TI  - [Mental stress and sports. Does physical activity increase stress tolerance?].

PMID- 6827962
TI  - [Pathomorphology of plasmacytoma].

PMID- 6827960
TI  - [Sexual medicine aspects after menopause. Study of 518 women of a gynecologic
      polyclinic].

PMID- 6827963
TI  - [Hepatitis B vaccination: who bears the costs?].

PMID- 6827961
TI  - [Orthostatic regulation and its modification by amezinium].

PMID- 6827966
TI  - [The postcholecystectomy syndrome--intervention error, diagnostic error or
      interpretation error?].

PMID- 6827967
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of large intestine endoscopic perforation].

PMID- 6827968
TI  - [Clinical aspects and biochemistry of primary biliary cirrhosis. Study of 87
      patients].

PMID- 6827965
TI  - [Crohn disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6827969
TI  - [Ileus as a late complication of a fatigue fracture of esophageal
      endoprostheses].

PMID- 6827964
TI  - [Gallstone ileus].

PMID- 6827971
TI  - [Limits of the physician's responsibility to inform].

PMID- 6827970
TI  - [Patient's right to see his psychiatric records].

PMID- 6827973
TI  - [Certain and uncertain aspects in the diagnosis of thrombophilia].

PMID- 6827972
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 6827974
TI  - [The liver--a therapeutic target in dermatoses].

PMID- 6827975
TI  - [Cause of death in cancer patients].

PMID- 6827978
TI  - [Puncture cytology of the thyroid gland. Recent viewpoints on its indications and
      value].

PMID- 6827976
TI  - [Clinical concept of Folter syndrome].

PMID- 6827977
TI  - [Which chemotherapy promises the best out-look in metastasizing breast
      carcinoma?].

PMID- 6827980
TI  - Utilization of intravenously infused tripeptides in baboons: effect on plasma
      concentration and urinary excretion of amino acids.
AB  - When baboons, while consuming an adequate diet, were infused continuously for 3
      days with parenteral solutions (1I/day) containing either triglycine (50 mM) or
      trileucine (5 mM) there was either no or very little accumulation of these
      peptides either in plasma or urine. The increases in plasma concentrations of
      glycine or leucine and urinary excretion rates of these amino acids during the
      infusion of the above tripeptides were similar to those found when baboons were
      infused with parenteral solutions containing either glycine (150 mM) or leucine
      (15 mM). These data show efficient utilization of tripeptides under the condition
      of continuous infusion and encourage further investigation of tripeptides as
      substrates for parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 6827979
TI  - Pericarditis as a manifestation of histoplasmosis during two large urban
      outbreaks.
AB  - During two histoplasmosis outbreaks in Indianapolis 45 patients presented with
      pericarditis. The pericarditis occurred as a late complication in individual
      patients and during the outbreak. Risk factors for this complication included
      young age, immunocompetence, and male sex in persons between 20 and 39 years old.
      Intrathoracic adenopathy was present in 66% of cases. Since cultures were
      uniformly negative, including pericardial fluid or tissue from nine patients,
      serologic studies provided the basis for diagnosis. Although the course was
      usually benign, nine patients presented with tamponade and another with
      constrictive pericarditis. Prompt response to antiinflammatory medications and
      failure to identify H. capsulatum in the pericardial fluid or tissue support a
      noninfectious, inflammatory mechanism for this complication. Of 20 patients
      reexamined 1 year later, none had evidence of constriction but three had
      pericardial thickening by echocardiography. Histoplasmosis should be considered
      in patients with pericarditis from endemic areas, particularly when associated
      with intrathoracic adenopathy.

PMID- 6827982
TI  - Reduced thermic effect of feeding in obesity: role of norepinephrine.
AB  - Several studies have suggested that obese subjects have a reduced thermic effect
      of feeding when compared to normal weight controls. The present study was
      undertaken to further define this apparent abnormality, and evaluate the role of
      norepinephrine in the thermic response to food. A test formula meal of 800
      calories (85% carbohydrate, 15% protein) was taken by 7 control and 6 moderately
      obese subjects whose obesity was adult in onset. The rise in resting oxygen
      consumption following the test meal was greater in the control than in the obese
      group (p less than 0.01), and there was a significant inverse correlation between
      the relative degree of obesity and this response to feeding (r = -0.59, p less
      than 0.05). Norepinephrine concentrations were greater in the obese than in the
      control group both before (p less than 0.05) and after (p less than 0.05)
      feeding. No correlations were found between the plasma norepinephrine
      concentrations and the rise in oxygen consumption after feeding. Four of the 6
      obese subjects were restudied after weight reduction. The reduced-obese group
      showed a trend toward normalization of basal measurements and responses to
      feeding. It is concluded that the reduced thermic response to feeding seen in the
      obese subjects studied cannot be directly accounted for by diminished sympathetic
      nervous system activity as reflected by plasma levels of norepinephrine.

PMID- 6827981
TI  - Brown adipose tissue metabolism in hypothalamic-obese rats.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate the metabolic changes of brown adipose tissue
      (BAT) in rats with hypothalamic obesity (VMNL). In vitro 14C-palmitate oxidation
      and incorporation into triglycerides were similar in VMNL and control rats.
      However, protein and fatty acid content and incorporation of 14C-palmitate into
      phospholipid were significantly less in both hyperphagic and normophagic VMNL
      rats. In order to assess in vivo BAT lipogenesis, rats were injected with 3H2O.
      Plasma H2O incorporation into BAT lipids was significantly greater in VMNL rats.
      Likewise, BAT lipid content was higher in obese rats. In another experiment BAT
      was incubated with U-14C-glucose to evaluate glucose utilization by BAT. 14C
      glucose was oxidized and incorporated into both lipids and glycogen more rapidly
      by obese than by normal rat BAT. Glycogen content was greater in VMNL rats.
      Tissues were also incubated with 1-14C-pyruvate and 2-14C pyruvate. Pyruvate
      incorporation into glyceride glycerol and oxidation of 2-14C pyruvate through the
      Krebs cycle were similar in both obese and control rats. However, the
      incorporation of pyruvate into glyceride fatty acids was increased in VMNL rats.
      The results indicate that both fatty acid and lipid synthesis are increased in
      BAT of obese rats whereas lactate production is decreased and Krebs cycle
      activity is normal. Some of these changes appear to be independent of the level
      of food intake.

PMID- 6827984
TI  - Sitosterol and cholesterol metabolism in a patient with coexisting
      phytosterolemia and cholestanolemia.
AB  - Sitosterol and cholesterol metabolism were studied in a patient with coexisting
      phytosterolemia and cholestanolemia, and in a control subject, both on similar
      diets containing about 170 mg cholesterol and 135 mg phytosterols per day. The
      turnover of 22,23-3H-sitosterol and 4-14C-cholesterol, given intravenously, were
      followed for up to 372 days. The specific activity-time curves for both sterols
      were resolved into two exponentials and fitted into a two-pool model. The half
      lives of both exponential curves for sitosterol, in the patient, were abnormally
      long. Equilibration of the tracer between the two pools, in the patient, occurred
      at about 30 days as compared to 10-15 days in the control subject. The daily
      turnover of sitosterol in the patient was estimated to be 10 times greater than
      that in the control subject. The patient's total body exchangeable pool of
      sitosterol was 9.6 g or about 80 times the amount found in the control. The
      patient's plasma phytosterol levels fell by 25% when he went on a diet containing
      only 10 mg phytosterols per day. During this period the specific activity of his
      plasma sitosterol with respect to an equilibrated dose of 3H-labeled tracer
      remained constant; this was compatible with the absence of endogenous synthesis.
      Cholesterol turnover in the patient showed prolonged half-lives for both
      exponential curves and reduced fractional daily loss from the fast-exchanging
      pool. The patient's xanthoma sterols underwent 16% and 55% exchange with plasma
      sitosterol and cholesterol, respectively, on day 60, indicating the presence of a
      third exchangeable pool.

PMID- 6827983
TI  - Normocholesterolemic tendon xanthomatosis with overproduction of apolipoprotein
      B.
AB  - This report describes a 46-yr-old man with normocholesterolemic tendon
      xanthomatosis. He had severe bilateral xanthomas of Achilles tendons and small
      lesions on patellar tendons; biopsy of the latter revealed a fibroxanthoma of
      high cholesterol content. He did not have clinical evidence of atherosclerotic
      disease. The patient's total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were 245 and
      258 mg/dl, respectively. LDL-TC was 168 mg/dl and HDL-TC was 32 mg/dl. VLDL
      consisted mainly of small particles (SfO 20-100) which were unusually rich in
      apolipoproteins B and E (and low in apo Cs). Plasma LDL-apo B was not increased
      (85-120 mg/dl), but VLDL-apo B was distinctly elevated (58 mg/dl). The synthesis
      rate of apoLDL (29.9 mg/kg/d) was increased markedly compared to a matched
      control (13.9 mg/kg/d) and to a patient with familial hypercholestrolemia (15.9
      mg/kg/d). The concentration of apoLDL in our patient was not increased; this was
      because of an associated high FCR (0.484 day-1). His HDL was relatively low in TC
      but high in TG, which caused an increase in HDL2b. The patient's xanthomata may
      have been the result of an overproduction of apo B possibly combined with a
      defect in HDL metabolism.

PMID- 6827985
TI  - Accumulation of intermediate density lipoprotein in the plasma of cholesterol-fed
      hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 6827986
TI  - Formation of beta-hydroxyisovalerate by an alpha-ketoisocaproate oxygenase in
      human liver.
AB  - Previously we demonstrated the occurrence of a soluble dioxygenase in rat liver
      which converts alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (the keto acid analog of leucine) to
      beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid. Herein we show that human liver contains a similar
      soluble enzyme which converts alpha-ketoisocaproate to beta-hydroxisovaleric
      acid. We suggest this enzyme functions as a "safety valve" in liver to help
      prevent excessive accumulation of alpha-ketoisocaproate.

PMID- 6827987
TI  - Effects of magnesium and lactose supplementation on bone metabolism in the X
      linked hypophosphatemic mouse.
AB  - Besides rickets and osteomalacia, the X-linked hypophosphatemic male mouse
      (Hyp/Y) presents with low serum calcium (Ca) and increased urinary hydroxyproline
      (OH-Pro) excretion, suggesting a parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated bone
      resorption despite reduced magnesium (Mg) bone content. In this study, we have
      investigated by histochemical methods the state of bone resorption in 50-day-old
      untreated Hyp/Y mice and the effects of 4 wk of Mg therapy or dietary lactose
      supplementation on bone formation and resorption. Mineral and skeletal changes
      were evaluated on serum, urinary and bone ash concentrations of Ca, phosphorus
      (P) and Mg, and by histomorphometric analysis of tetracycline double labeled
      undeclalcified caudal vertebrae. The number of acid phosphatase stained
      chondroclasts and osteoclasts was lower than normal in untreated Hyp/Y and was
      restored after Mg therapy while the osteoclastic surface was increased above
      normal. Accordingly, serum P and urinary Ca, P, Mg, cAMP and OH-Pro were
      increased while TmP/GFR was unchanged. On the other hand, dietary lactose
      corrected serum Ca which probably suppressed PTH secretion since the renal P
      conservation was improved and the osteoclast number and the osteoclastic surface
      were decreased. Both treatments reduced the growthplate and osteoid seam
      thickness and increased the bone calcification rate. The results indicate that
      the low skeletal Mg present in Hyp/Y partially impairs bone responsiveness to PTH
      since Mg therapy restored the osteoclastic bone resorption which secondarily
      provided new minerals for bone mineralization. The greater than normal bone
      resorption found in Mg treated-Hyp/Y and the decreased bone resorption observed
      in lactose treated animals indicate that the chronic hypocalcemia induces
      secondary hyperparathyroidism in Hyp/Y mice.

PMID- 6827990
TI  - The relationship of exercise and diet on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      levels in women.
AB  - The relationship of exercise and diet on high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol was investigated in 45 long-distance runners (LD), 49 joggers (J),
      and 47 inactive (I) women. Fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol,
      total cholesterol (TC), and percent body fat (%BF) were measured in women ages 24
      58 yr. TG levels were significantly lower in LD compared to I (p less than 0.02).
      Although TC was not significantly different among groups, HDL-cholesterol was
      higher in LD (78 mg/dl) compared to J (70 mg/dl) or I (62 mg/dl) (p less than
      0.001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that alterations of plasma lipids
      and lipoprotein levels could not be attributed to intake differences of
      nutrients. Distance run and %BF were the strongest predictors of HDL-cholesterol
      in women. LD (23 %BF) were leaner than J (26 %BF) or I (30 %BF); however, when
      results were adjusted for %BF, significant differences between exercise groups
      remained for HDL cholesterol.

PMID- 6827989
TI  - Effects of caloric restriction on body composition and total body nitrogen as
      measured by neutron activation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two isocaloric diets (800
      Kcals) on the changes in body composition during weight reduction. While the
      protein content of both diets was 70 g, the carbohydrate content of diet A was 10
      g and that of diet B was 70 g. The various parameters of body composition were
      determined as follows: Total body potassium (TBK) by 40K counting, total body
      water (TBW) by the tritiated water technique, total body nitrogen (TBN) by prompt
      gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) and total body fat was estimated by
      measuring the skinfold thickness. Routine serum chemistries were performed every
      2 wk and serum insulin and triiodothyronine by radioimmunoassay were done at 4-wk
      intervals. Seventeen obese women who were at least 30% above ideal body weight
      volunteered for the outpatient study, (group A--10 subjects, group B--7
      subjects). At the end of the 12 wk study, the percent changes in the above
      parameters of body composition were not significantly different for the two
      groups. The biochemical changes were consistent with the degree of caloric
      restriction. We conclude that: (1) the technique of prompt gamma neutron
      activation analysis can be used effectively to determine long term changes in
      total body nitrogen during weight reduction, (2) loss of lean tissue (water,
      potassium and nitrogen) as well as fat tissue occurred during weight reduction.
      The loss of TBN in absolute quantities was less for diet A compared to diet B;
      however, there was no significant difference between the two diets when the data
      was expressed as a percent change from the baseline values, and (3) TBK
      determination probably provides the best estimate of total body fat.

PMID- 6827991
TI  - Effect of sucrose overfeeding on brown adipose tissue lipogenesis and lipoprotein
      lipase activity in rats.
AB  - During cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis, interscapular brown adipose
      tissue (BAT) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and lipogenesis are elevated.
      Because of the many similarities between cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis, we
      examined the effect of ad libitum access to a 32% sucrose solution on caloric
      intake, adiposity, and BAT enzyme activities in male rats. Daily caloric intakes
      of sucrose-fed animals were elevated by 20%-25%, and 8 wk of sucrose feeding
      doubled carcass fat content. This sucrose-feeding induced obesity was associated
      with increases in circulating triglyceride and insulin levels as well as
      increased retroperitoneal white adipose tissue LPL activity. However, the
      increased carcass lipid content accounted for less than half of the excess
      calories ingested by the sucrose-fed rats. Sucrose feeding stimulated in vivo
      lipogenesis in BAT and elevated BAT fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA
      carboxylase activities but not LPL activity. These findings suggest that
      overeating enhances endogenous lipogenesis but not uptake of circulating
      triglyceride in BAT. Thus, both cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis increase BAT
      lipogenesis, while only cold-induced thermogenesis is associated with elevated
      LPL activity in BAT.

PMID- 6827992
TI  - Severe hypertriglyceridemia: role of familial and acquired disorders.
AB  - To evaluate the role of familial and secondary factors in the etiology of severe
      hypertriglyceridemia, family studies were performed and potential secondary
      causes of hypertriglyceridemia were evaluated in 54 patients with plasma
      triglyceride levels above 2000 mg/dl. Every subject had hypertriglyceridemic
      relatives, compatible with a familial form of hyperlipidemia, although plasma
      triglyceride levels in the relatives were substantially lower than in the index
      patients. In 5 index patients, both parents had hyperlipidemia. Four of these 5
      had no coexisting secondary cause for hypertriglyceridemia. Forty-six of the
      remaining 49 (94%) also had potential secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia,
      most commonly untreated diabetes mellitus. These findings suggest that severe
      hypertriglyceridemia frequently results from the coexistence of familial and
      secondary forms of hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 6827988
TI  - The comparative reductions of the plasma lipids and lipoproteins by dietary
      polyunsaturated fats: salmon oil versus vegetable oils.
AB  - The lower plasma lipid levels and lower incidence of atherosclerotic diseases in
      Greenland Eskimos suggested that the unusual fatty acids present in their diet of
      seal and fish may be anti-atherogenic. These fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic
      (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acids and are of the omega-3 fatty acid
      family. We have compared a salmon oil diet containing high levels of these unique
      fatty acids to a control diet high in saturated fat and to a vegetable oil diet
      high in linoleic acid (C18:2). All diets contained 40% of the total calories as
      fat and 500 mg of cholesterol; they differed only in fatty acid composition. In 4
      wk the salmon oil diet reduced plasma cholesterol levels from 188 to 162 mg/dl (p
      less than 0.001) and triglyceride levels from 77 to 48 mg/dl (p less than 0.005).
      LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels changed from 128 to 108 and 13 to 8 mg/dl (p less
      than 0.005), respectively. HDL cholesterol levels did not change. The vegetable
      oil diet caused similar decreases in cholesterol levels but did not lower
      triglyceride levels. The omega-3 fatty acids comprised up to 30% of the total
      fatty acids in each plasma lipid class after the salmon diet. Fish oils contain
      fatty acids which may be metabolically unique and potentially useful in the
      control of both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 6827997
TI  - High and low density lipoprotein cholesterols in adolescent boys: relationships
      with endogenous testosterone, estradiol, and Quetelet index.

PMID- 6827996
TI  - Mechanisms of thermogenesis induced by low protein diets.
AB  - Weanling (22-day-old) rats fed a low protein (8% casein) diet consumed the same
      amount of energy as controls (22% casein diet), but intake corrected for body
      size (kJ/kg0.75) was increased in the former group. Weight gain and the
      efficiency of gain (g gain/MJ) were markedly reduced in low protein fed rats.
      Resting oxygen consumption (VO2) was elevated by 15% in the low protein group but
      this difference was completely abolished by beta-adrenergic blockade with
      propranolol. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, protein content,
      mitochondrial yield and GDP binding were increased in low protein fed rats but
      mitochondrial alpha-glycophosphate shuttle activity of BAT was unaltered,
      although shuttle activity was elevated in liver mitochondria. Plasma
      triiodothyronine levels were increased by 64% in the low protein group, whereas
      insulin levels were markedly reduced in spite of normal blood glucose levels.
      Resting VO2 and BAT mass were also increased in older (55-day-old) rats fed the
      low protein diet, but the changes were smaller than in weanling rats. These data
      suggest that the decreased metabolic efficiency seen in rats fed protein
      deficient diets involves sympathetic activation of BAT, and is therefore similar
      to the thermogenic responses seen in cold adapted and cafeteria-fed animals.

PMID- 6827994
TI  - Familial hyper- and hypouricemias in random and hyperlipidemic recall cohorts:
      the Princeton School District Family Study.
AB  - Using the Princeton School Family Study, our specific aim was to estimate the
      prevalence of familial hyper- and hypouricemia, to estimate the proportion of
      probands' first-degree relatives who were similarly affected, and to evaluate the
      contribution of diseases, drugs, and alcohol intake (if any) to uric acid levels.
      We studied 379 probands and a total of 1928 subjects, 125 and 52 black probands
      from a randomly recalled group, 147 white and 55 black probands from a
      hyperlipidemic recall (top decile cholesterol and/or triglyceride) group.
      Familial hyper- and hypouricemias were arbitrarily identified in those kindreds
      having at least two first-degree relatives in the same decile as the proband, top
      or bottom respectively, for serum uric acid. No probands had symptomatic gout.
      Diseases, drugs, and alcohol intake were not consistently associated with
      aggregations of high and/or low uric acid levels in families, and had little
      relationship to uric acid levels in individuals. Of the 177 randomly recalled
      probands, and of the 55 black probands in hyperlipidemic recall familial
      hyperuricemia, with concurrent primary hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension.
      Familial hypouricemia was present in 1 of 125 white and in 1 of 52 randomly
      recalled black kindreds, and in 3 of 147 white and 3 of 55 hyperlipidemic recall
      black kindreds. While familial clustering of hyperuricemia was limited,
      clustering of hypouricemia was much more marked. Seventy-four and 84%
      respectively of first-degree relatives of hypouricemic white and black probands
      had uric acid less than the 50th percentile. In randomly recalled probands and
      their first-degree relatives there were significant inverse partial correlations
      between uric acid and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Inverse associations
      of uric acid with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the concurrence of
      hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension in hyperuricemic families points to the
      importance of lipoprotein and blood pressure screening in families with
      asymptomatic hyperuricemia. The potential ramifications of within-family
      clustering of hypouricemia need to be further assessed in populations,
      particularly in regards to uric acid nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 6827995
TI  - Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol changes during acute, moderate-intensity
      exercise in men and women.
AB  - Chronic endurance exercise training has been associated with decreased levels of
      total cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. To our knowledge rapid changes
      in cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol during acute exercise have not been described
      under controlled conditions. We studied 28 subjects (14 males and 14 females)
      during bicycle exercise for 40 min at a work intensity of 55% of their maximal
      oxygen consumption. Total and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured (and LDL
      cholesterol calculated) at rest, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min of exercise, and 15 min
      postexercise. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in HDL
      cholesterol levels at 10 min of exercise (58.8 +/- 13.9 mg/dl, mean +/- SD) above
      rest (53.1 +/- 13.4 mg/dl) for all subjects. This increase persisted (p less than
      0.001) at all time points throughout the exercise session, but declined by 15 min
      postexercise. There was a small, insignificant decline in LDL-cholesterol. It is
      concluded that apparent favorable changes in lipoprotein patterns occur acutely,
      and are sustained during short-term, moderate intensity exercise. Analyses of
      these changes appears necessary if the biochemical mechanisms which underlie
      these metabolic alterations are to be elucidated.

PMID- 6827998
TI  - Effect of chloroquine on handling of cystine by cystinotic fibroblasts.
AB  - Cystinotic fibroblasts when incubated in complete medium with 100 microM
      chloroquine rapidly lose their stored cystine, 50% or more disappearing in 2 hr
      and 80% in 4 hr. During the same 2 to 4 hr period of incubation with chloroquine,
      no change in intracellular pools of acidic and neutral amino acids was observed.
      However, after 5 hr the cellular pools of these amino acids became diminished and
      by 24 hr became markedly depleted. Chloroquine inhibited the uptake of 35S
      cystine by cystinotic cells during one hour incubations in phosphate buffered
      saline medium. Chloroquine altered the intracellular fate of exogenous 35S
      cystine into cystine, cysteine and glutathione (GSH) in cystinotic cells grown in
      both complete medium for 24 hr or placed in buffered saline for 2 hr. In the
      complete medium, chloroquine suppressed incorporation of label into cystine,
      cysteine and GSH pools after 1 hr. In the short-term study, the drug prevented
      the incorporation of label into cystine and cysteine pools after 45 min.

PMID- 6827993
TI  - The effect of uremia on circulating mevalonate metabolism in rats.

PMID- 6827999
TI  - Heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoproteins manifestations of the
      physiologic phenomenon in man.

PMID- 6828000
TI  - Metabolic acidosis in the alcoholic: a pathophysiologic approach.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to review the acid-base abnormalities in patients
      presenting with metabolic acidosis due to acute ethanol ingestion and to review
      the theoretical constraints on ethanol metabolism in the liver. Alcohol-induced
      acidosis is a mixed acid-base disturbance. Metabolic acidosis is due to lactic
      acidosis, ketoacidosis and acetic acidosis but the degree of each varies from
      patient to patient. Metabolic alkalosis is frequently present due to ethanol
      induced vomiting. However, it could be overlooked because of an indirect loss of
      sodium bicarbonate (as sodium B-hydroxybutyrate in the urine). Nevertheless, the
      accompanying reduction in ECF volume may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of alcoholic acidosis because it could lead to a relative insulin
      deficiency. Treatment of alcohol acidosis should include sodium, chloride,
      potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and thiamine replacements along with attention
      to concomitant clinical problems. Unless hypoglycemia is present, glucose need
      not be given immediately. We feel that insulin should be withheld unless life
      threatening acidemia is present or expected. Lastly, alcohol need not be detected
      on admission to make the diagnosis of this metabolic disturbance. However, when
      present, it could contribute directly to the lactic, acetic and B-hydroxybutyric
      acidoses. With respect to the theoretical constraints on ethanol metabolism, it
      appears that "overproduction" of NADH in the liver is best averted by converting
      ethanol to B-hydroxybutyric acid.

PMID- 6828001
TI  - A microscope perfusion respirometer for continuous respiration measurement of
      cultured cells during microscopic observation.
AB  - The construction of a microscope perfusion respirometer (MPR) for simultaneous
      recording of cellular respiration and microscopic morphology is described. All
      light microscope techniques for living cells (e.g. phase contrast, differential
      interference contrast (DIC), fluorimetry) can be applied to the monolayer cells
      grown on a coverslip. The main constituents of the MPR are a) a precision
      operating perfusion pump (constant volume output), b) a modified Dvorak-Stotler
      perfusion chamber, c) a special holder for the Clark-type oxygen probe, d) gas
      tight connections of stainless steel tubing with dead volume-free fittings, and
      e) a temperature control unit. The cell material, established XTH (Xenopus laevis
      tadpole heart) cell is characterized. Examples of operation are presented,
      concerning a) normal respiration, b) respiration during uncoupling of oxidative
      phosphorylation by carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), and
      c) lactate production under anoxia. The corresponding mitochondrial in situ
      morphology is demonstrated on photomicrographs. Details of construction and
      application are discussed. This new technique is supposed to extend the use of
      cell cultures instead of animal experiments in pharmaceutical routine tests.

PMID- 6828003
TI  - Release of new drugs. The lessons of benoxaprofen.

PMID- 6828004
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 6828002
TI  - [Self-fabrication of molds for flat-embedding electron microscopic specimens].

PMID- 6828005
TI  - Plumbism in pets and people.

PMID- 6828006
TI  - Staging of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 6828008
TI  - Prevention of nuclear war.

PMID- 6828010
TI  - Freezing of embryos.

PMID- 6828011
TI  - Side effects of Merital (nomifensine)

PMID- 6828012
TI  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct gallstones. A five-year experience in a
      teaching hospital.

PMID- 6828013
TI  - Fetal alcohol syndrome. A great paediatric imitator.
AB  - Twenty children affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol are described. Their
      mothers either suffered from chronic alcoholism, or were binge or heavy drinkers
      while pregnant. Only in nine mothers (45%) was alcohol abuse recognized and
      associated with their babies' anomalies in the first months after birth; in some,
      the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome was delayed for many years. Alcohol abuse
      in pregnancy is probably a significant cause of birth and developmental defects
      in Australian children.

PMID- 6828007
TI  - Osteomyelitis in adults.

PMID- 6828009
TI  - Headaches and brain trauma.

PMID- 6828015
TI  - Scanning energy dispersive X-ray analysis of intraocular foreign material.
AB  - Energy dispersive X-ray analysis is recognized as a most useful technique in
      research. Its diagnostic applications are being rapidly developed. We describe a
      case of corneal, lenticular and retinal damage in an eye without a documented
      history of trauma. Scanning energy dispersive X-ray analysis of foreign material
      in the lens helped to elucidate the probable cause of the injury. The medico
      legal implications of this case are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6828016
TI  - Relationship of survival to stage of the tumour and duration of symptoms in
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - It has been suggested that reduction of diagnostic delay in symptomatic
      colorectal cancer will not improve survival. Published reports show varying
      effects of duration of symptoms both on stage of cancer and on survival. However,
      tumour stage can be measured only at the end of the symptomatic period and,
      therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about early diagnosis of symptomatic
      colorectal cancer and its effect on survival. On current evidence, early
      diagnosis and treatment may improve survival and should be encouraged.

PMID- 6828014
TI  - External breast prostheses. A survey of their use by women after mastectomy.
AB  - Women who have had a mastectomy for breast cancer have to cope with two major
      problems: first, that they have cancer, and second, that they have lost their
      physical appearance. The provision of an appropriate prosthesis can reduce the
      sense of disfigurement. If women were to obtain the full psychological benefit of
      wearing a breast prosthesis, they need to be informed about the available breast
      forms, have an opportunity to choose between them, and to be satisfied with their
      choice. In this study of 49 women, only 44% had had the opportunity to choose a
      prosthesis, 28% were dissatisfied with their prostheses, and 17% were still using
      temporary prostheses.

PMID- 6828017
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization.
AB  - A case of ectopic pregnancy which occurred 10 months after laparoscopic
      sterilization by the application of a Hulka clip is reported. Although ectopic
      pregnancy after other forms of tubal sterilization is well recognized, such
      pregnancies are rare when tubal-occlusion clips are used. The mechanism of
      pregnancy in this case is discussed.

PMID- 6828020
TI  - NHMRC report on 'Research on humans": the wrong balance of administration and
      ethics.

PMID- 6828023
TI  - Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 6828019
TI  - NHMRC Working Party on Ethics in Medical Research. First report: "Research on
      Humans." A synopsis.

PMID- 6828022
TI  - [Etiology of gastric ulcer--current concepts].

PMID- 6828024
TI  - Malathion for treatment of head lice.

PMID- 6828021
TI  - [Mycobacterioses].

PMID- 6828018
TI  - The reporting of colorectal cancer: the Australian Clinico-pathological Staging
      (ACPS) System.

PMID- 6828025
TI  - Recent developments in cardiac pacing.

PMID- 6828026
TI  - Silent gonorrhea in siblings. Case reports.

PMID- 6828027
TI  - Abuse of pentazocine/tripelennamine combination. Ts and Blues in the city of St.
      Louis.

PMID- 6828028
TI  - Treatment of Caroli's disease by cholangiojejunostomy and transhepatic
      intubation. Case report.

PMID- 6828029
TI  - Newer modes of cardiac pacing. part I: description of pacing modes.

PMID- 6828031
TI  - Endocytosis of exogenous GM1 ganglioside and cholera toxin by neuroblastoma
      cells.
AB  - Cholera toxin (CT) covalently linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a
      specific cytochemical marker for its receptor, the monosialoganglioside GM1. The
      binding and endocytosis of exogenous [3H]GM1 by cultured murine neuroblastoma
      cells (line 2A [CCl-131] ), which contain predominantly GM3, was examined by
      quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. The relationship between
      exogenous receptor, [3H]GM1, and CT HRP was studied in double labeling
      experiments consisting of autoradiographic demonstration of [3H]GM1 and
      cytochemical visualization of HRP. Exogenous [3H]GM1 was not degraded after its
      endocytosis by cells for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Quantitative studies showed similar
      grain density distributions in cells treated with [3H]GM1 alone and in cells
      treated with [3H]GM1 followed by CT-HRP. Qualitative studies conducted in double
      labeling experiments showed autoradiographic grains over the peroxidase-stained
      plasma membrane, lysosomes, and vesicles at the trans aspect of the Golgi
      apparatus. The findings indicate that exogenous glycolipid is associated with the
      plasmid membrane of deficient cells and undergoes endocytosis. The quantitative
      ultra-structural autoradiographic studies are consistent with the hypothesis that
      the spontaneous endocytosis of exogenous [3H]GM1 controls the subsequent uptake
      of CT-HRP.

PMID- 6828032
TI  - SCE induction is proportional to substitution in DNA for thymidine by CldU and
      BrdU.
AB  - The incorporation of 5-bromo- and 5-chlorodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA and the
      induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) was examined with Chinese hamster
      ovary cells in culture. Although CldU caused 3-5 times more SCE than BrdU at
      equal extracellular concentrations, the 2 analogs were incorporated into DNA in
      place of thymidine similarly over a concentration range of 0.5-20 microM. The
      results show that SCE induction is linearly proportional to substitution for
      thymidine by both BrdU and CldU. Finally, based on linear extrapolation, a
      spontaneous level of approximately 6 SCEs per cell is estimated.

PMID- 6828030
TI  - Maintenance of protein synthesis in spite of mRNA breakdown in interferon-treated
      HeLa cells infected with reovirus.
AB  - Interferon induces the synthesis of an enzyme which synthesizes 2',5'
      oligoadenylate [2',5'-oligo(A)] when activated by double-stranded RNA. The 2',5'
      oligo(A) in turn activates an endonuclease (RNase L). Concentrations of 2',5'
      oligo(A) sufficient to activate RNase L are formed in interferon-treated HeLa
      cells infected with reovirus, and a large fraction of cellular mRNA is degraded
      (T. W. Nilsen, P. A. Maroney, and C. Baglioni, J. Virol. 42:1039-1045, 1982). We
      report here that in spite of this mRNA degradation, protein synthesis was not
      significantly inhibited in these cells. When mRNA synthesis was inhibited with
      5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, protein synthesis was markedly
      decreased, as shown by reduced incorporation of labeled amino acids and a
      decrease in polyribosomes. This suggested that the turnover of mRNA could be
      compensated for by increased production of mRNA. The relative concentration of
      specific mRNAs was measured with cloned cDNA probes. The amount of these mRNAs
      present in control cells was comparable to that in interferon-treated cells
      infected with reovirus, whereas it was decreased in the latter cells treated with
      5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole.

PMID- 6828033
TI  - X-ray-induced dicentric yields in lymphocytes of the teleost, Umbra limi.
AB  - A microculture technique was applied to the study of lymphocytes of Umbra limi,
      which have a low number of large meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (2n = 22).
      On the 5th day (90h) and later after initiation of culture at 20 degrees C, some
      cultures provided well spread metaphase chromosomes for analyses. After
      initiation, cultures were irradiated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 R of 200 kVp X
      rays. The cultures were harvested on the 5th day, at which time all arrested
      metaphase chromosomes were in their first division. The dicentric yields induced
      in X-irradiated Umbra lymphocytes were observed to be significantly (P = 0.05)
      lower than those in human lymphocytes. The resulting dose-response relationship
      for dicentric yield was described by the quadratic equation Y = aD + bD2. The
      advantage of this method lies in the fact that small amounts (0.1 ml) of blood
      can be repeatedly withdrawn from the fish after a minimal interval of 2 weeks.
      The microculture technique with Umbra lymphocytes is thought to have a wide range
      of applications in studies of the potential genotoxic effects of clastogenic
      agents in the aquatic environment.

PMID- 6828035
TI  - The induction of chromosomal damage in rat hepatocytes and lymphocytes. II.
      Alkylation damage and repair of rat-liver DNA after diethylnitrosamine,
      dimethylnitrosamine and ethyl methanesulphonate in relation to clastogenic
      effects.
AB  - Rat-liver DNA alkylation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)
      and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) was studied in an attempt to relate chromosome
      damaging effects of these agents (the formation of micronuclei in hepatocytes;
      see preceding paper) to specific alkylation patterns. No correlation was observed
      between the induction of micronuclei and liver DNA N-alkylation, measured as 3-
      and 7-alkyl-purines. O6-Alkylguanine is probably not involved in micronucleus
      induction because it is lost from DNA too rapidly to explain the much more
      persistent clastogenic effects. In contrast, both the initial amounts of
      alkylphosphotriesters and the persistencies of these products roughly paralleled
      the respective effects on micronucleus induction. The possible involvement of
      alkylphosphotriesters or other O-alkylation products of comparable stabilities is
      discussed. Results with DMN suggest that part of the primary DNA methylation
      damage is converted into a secondary (DNA) lesion and that both the primary and
      secondary lesion(s) contribute to the process of micronucleus formation.

PMID- 6828036
TI  - Electrophoretically detectable mutations induced in CHO cells by varying doses of
      ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UV) at
      doses resulting in 100% (no irradiation), 50-30%, 20-10% and approximately 1%
      survival. 2 divisions after UV exposure surviving cells were cloned and clones
      expanded for electrophoretic analysis of the products of approximately 40 enzyme
      loci. 4 different classes of variants (electrophoretic shifts, nulls, enzyme re
      expression and enzyme modification) were detected in 29 of 1329 clones analyzed
      and proven mutants by subclone analysis. The frequency of mutants in the
      irradiated groups (28/38391 loci screened or 7.3 X 10(-4) was significantly
      higher than controls. The frequency of shift mutants at 10-20% survival was
      higher than shifts at 30-50% survival and was significantly higher than shifts at
      approximately 1% survival. The frequency of nulls increased with dose. 12 of the
      28 mutants obtained in the irradiated groups were at only 3 of the mean 41 loci
      screened/clone. These results indicated that shift mutants could be detected more
      efficiently than nulls at lower dose and that loci varied widely with respect to
      their susceptibility to UV mutagenesis. Multiple null mutants at 2 loci,
      isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 and hexokinase 2, indicated they may be hemizygous in
      CHO cells.

PMID- 6828037
TI  - Radiation induction of mutations affecting sperm morphology in mice.
AB  - To investigate the basis of the sperm abnormality assay, studies have been made
      of the frequency of sperm abnormalities in the genital tracts of the progeny of
      irradiated males. Male C57BL/6 mice were irradiated (75-600 rad X-rays to the
      testes) and were then bred in the pre-sterile period to untreated C57BL/6
      females. The sperm of their male progeny were examined for the frequency of sperm
      abnormalities. Variant males with clearly elevated levels of sperm abnormalities
      were more frequently seen amongst the progeny of irradiated fathers than with the
      progeny of sham-irradiated controls (10 in 170 compared with 2 in 188; P less
      than 0.02). Although no clear dose-response relation could be discerned with the
      number of animals studied, similar differences were observed with irradiated male
      SWR, C3H/He in inbred crosses and with C57BL/6 in hybrid crosses with C3H/He
      females. In contrast, matings of males made at longer times following irradiation
      did not lead to a significant increase in the number of affected progeny for the
      number tested. Breeding experiments with the affected F1 males showed that the
      sperm morphology defect could be transmitted in 7 of 19 cases. Parallel
      cytogenetic studies showed that 3 of the initial affected progeny had detectable
      reciprocal translocations and that in 2 of these cases the translocation was
      transmitted with the sperm defect. The studies thus showed that radiation can
      induce mutations that affect the levels of sperm abnormalities and that these
      mutations can be associated with reciprocal translocations.

PMID- 6828038
TI  - Hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, in vitro, in a new chromosomal breakage
      disorder, the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome.
AB  - The Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a new chromosomal instability disorder
      different from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and other chromosome-breakage
      syndromes. Cells from an NBS patient appeared hypersensitive to X-irradiation. X
      rays induced significantly more chromosomal damage in NBS lymphocytes and
      fibroblasts than in normal cells. The difference was most pronounced after
      irradiation in G2. Further, NBS fibroblasts were more readily killed by X-rays
      than normal fibroblasts. In addition, the DNA synthesis in NBS cells was more
      resistant to X-rays and bleomycin than that in normal cells. The reaction of NBS
      cells to X-rays and bleomycin was similar to that of cells from patients with
      ataxia telangiectasia. Our results indicate that NBS and AT, which also have
      similar chromosomal characteristics, must be closely related.

PMID- 6828039
TI  - Similar repair of O6-methylguanine in normal and ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblast
      strains. Deficient repair capacity of lymphoblastoid cell lines does not reflect
      a genetic polymorphism.
AB  - The ability of human fibroblast strains to repair the mutagenic DNA adduct O6
      methylguanine (O6-MeG) induced by brief exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitroso-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated. The repair reaction proceeded rapidly
      during the first hour after alkylation, followed by a slow, continuous phase of
      repair, and both processes were saturated by low doses of carcinogen. This was
      similar to what had previously been found in human lymphoblastoid lines. Three
      fibroblast strains from healthy donors and six strains from patients with ataxia
      telangiectasia were all proficient in their capacity to repair O6-MeG and had the
      same sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of MNNG and methyl methanesulphonate as
      normal cells. Three of these cell strains were derived from individuals whose
      lymphoblastoid lines were deficient in their ability to repair O6-MeG. These
      lymphoblastoid lines were also extremely hypersensitive to killing by methylating
      carcinogens. Because non-transformed cells from the same donors behaved normally
      with regard to both parameters, we concluded that the repair deficiency
      accompanied by carcinogen hypersensitivity of the lymphoblastoid lines does not
      indicate a genetic deficiency in the donor. These findings imply that
      lymphoblastoid lines may not always be the appropriate cell type for
      investigating genetic susceptibility to chemical mutagens.

PMID- 6828034
TI  - The induction of chromosomal damage in rat hepatocytes and lymphocytes. I. Time
      dependent changes of the clastogenic effects of diethylnitrosamine,
      dimethylnitrosamine and ethyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - Male Wistar rats received a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN),
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). After a number of time
      intervals (up to 56 days) liver cells were assayed for the presence of possible
      preclastogenic damage by performing partial hepatectomy and subsequent analysis
      of chromosomal damage (micronucleus formation) in isolated hepatocytes.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same animals were collected, stimulated to
      proliferate and assayed for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs).
      Whereas all agents significantly increased frequencies of SCEs in lymphocytes up
      to at least 28 days (EMS) or 56 days (DMN, DEN) after injection, only the latter
      2 compounds gave rise to significantly increased incidences of micronucleated
      hepatocytes. DMN-induced preclastogenic damage in hepatocytes was lost between 28
      and 56 days after injection. After DEN, this type of damage was persistent over
      the entire experimental period (56 days). When rats treated with DEN did not
      undergo partial hepatectomy, the frequencies of micronuclei at different time
      intervals after treatment were at control level. This result, together with those
      from hepatectomized DEN-treated rats, suggests that it is the persistent
      character of the preclastogenic damage that is responsible for the occurrence of
      micronucleated hepatocytes at later time intervals after treatment with DEN,
      rather than the stability of micronuclei which might eventually have been formed
      soon after injection.

PMID- 6828040
TI  - The effect of short-term dietary modification on human fecal mutagenic activity.
AB  - To assess the effect of short-term modification of diet on human fecal mutagenic
      activity, 6 subjects consumed 2 dietary regimes hypothesized to affect risk of
      colorectal cancer. After a 7-day baseline period, a 'low-risk' non-meat diet was
      consumed for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks on a 'higher risk' diet which emphasized
      beef and refined grains. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each diet
      period and assayed for direct-acting mutagens with the fluctuation test for weak
      mutagens using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 as tester strains. Fecal
      mutagenic activity on TA100 was increased for all subjects during the 'higher
      risk' period compared to the 'low risk' period. The average mutagenicity on TA98
      was also increased, but the trend was not consistent for all subjects. The
      baseline diet and non-meat diet resulted in approximately equal mean fecal
      mutagenicity levels. These findings indicate that a diet high in meat and refined
      grain, as characterized here, increases fecal mutagenic activity within a 2-week
      period.

PMID- 6828041
TI  - The intragastric host-mediated assay for the assessment of the formation of
      direct mutagens in vivo.
AB  - The intragastric host-mediated assay (h.m.a.) was devised and carried out with a
      view to assessing the formation of direct mutagens in the gastrointestinal tract
      of mammals. The h.m.a. consists in the injection of nitrosable compounds, NaNO2
      and cells of the yeast S. pombe, by gavage into the animals' stomachs and in the
      recovery of the target cells from the faeces for mutation-induction analysis.
      Methylurea was chosen as a model nitrosable compound, and the effects of
      nitrosation modulators such as ascorbic acid and thiocyanate were studied.
      Cimetidine, a drug nitrosable in vitro, was tested with the system. Positive
      results were obtained only at very large doses and in artificially produced low
      pH. The new host-mediated assay seems to be efficient in revealing the formation,
      in vivo, of direct, short-living mutagens.

PMID- 6828042
TI  - Chemically-induced sister-chromatid exchange in vivo in bone marrow of Chinese
      hamsters. An evaluation of 24 compounds.
AB  - Chemically-induced sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) was measured in vivo in bone
      marrow of Chinese hamsters. Chemicals were administered either intraperitoneally
      or orally and increased SCE frequencies were noted with 6 of 6 direct-acting
      genotoxins and with 9 of 14 activation-dependent genotoxins. Metronidazole, o
      toluidine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, compounds
      which have shown either mutagenic or carcinogenic activity, did not induce SCE in
      vivo, 4 non-genotoxins and 4 different control treatments did not induce SCE. The
      results show that the in vivo SCE method may be useful for the identification of
      genotoxins and that the outcome of the test is, for certain chemicals, dependent
      upon the route of exposure.

PMID- 6828043
TI  - Genetic effects of the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, and galangin on Chinese
      hamster ovary cells in vitro.
AB  - The genotoxicity of selected flavonols was evaluated by multiple endpoints in
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid
      exchange (SCE), and forward mutation at 4 gene loci were measured in a single
      population of cells exposed to quercetin, kaempferol, or galangin for 15 h with
      and without metabolic activation. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations was
      significantly increased by quercetin in the absence of activation and by
      kaempferol and galangin with and without activation. Flavonol treatment affected
      SCE and mutation at the hgprt, aprt, or Na+/K+-ATPase loci only marginally, but
      significantly increased mutation frequencies at the tk locus. The response at the
      tk locus suggests that the CHO cells may behave similarly to L5178Y cells, in
      which the tk locus is thought to reflect chromosomal lesions in addition to point
      mutation. These results indicate that, at least under the conditions examined,
      flavonols induce chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells, but have little effect on
      point mutation or SCE.

PMID- 6828045
TI  - Polygenic effects and genetic changes affecting quantitative traits.

PMID- 6828044
TI  - The activation of procarcinogens to mutagens by cultured rat hepatocytes in the
      L5178Y/TK mutation assay.
AB  - Whole cell preparations derived from collagenase-treated rat liver were
      cocultivated overnight with stationary (non-shaking) cultures of L5178Y/TK+/-
      cells in the presence of 8 different chemicals selected as representative
      aromatic amine, polycyclic hydrocarbon, or nitrosamine procarcinogens. When
      tested in the presence of hepatocytes, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-aminofluorene, N
      nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine, 3
      methylcholanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene all produced substantial dose-dependent
      increases in trifluorothymidine-resistant variants compared to solvent controls
      after 20 h total exposure time. Only N-nitrosodipropylamine (DPrN) and N
      nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) produced any dose-related mutagenic activity in similar
      experiments where hepatocytes were omitted; however, the response for the DPrN
      was quite variable at high doses in the absence of hepatocytes and the mutagenic
      response for the DEN was consistently enhanced at all dose levels by the presence
      of hepatocytes. Benzanthracene was not active in the presence of whole
      hepatocytes, even when tested with cells from a rat pretreated 24 h earlier with
      20 mg/kg benzanthracene. Excepting benzanthracene, these data suggest that rat
      hepatocytes can be used to active 3 types of procarcinogens to mutagens in the
      L5178Y/TK gene mutation assay.

PMID- 6828046
TI  - Extrapolations from species to species and from various cell types in assessing
      risks from chemical mutagens.
AB  - Strategies for estimating human mutation frequencies can be based on
      extrapolations of dose: mutation ratios in other species.

PMID- 6828047
TI  - Mutagenic activity of airborne particulates at non-industrial locations.

PMID- 6828048
TI  - Mutagenicity of air samples from various combustion sources.
AB  - The emission of mutagens from various combustion sources was compared. Flue gas
      samples from power plants and boilers burning coal, oil and wood were studied.
      Little or no mutagenic activity was observed in samples from big boilers operated
      under optimal conditions. The mutagenic activity of emission samples from
      different boiler systems burning the same fuel varied considerably. This
      variation was larger than the difference obtained from boilers of comparable size
      utilizing different fuels. The highest mutagenic activity was observed in samples
      from a small coal combustion unit, utilizing the fluidized-bed technique. In this
      case the activity was highest without metabolic activation. Extracts from all
      samples contained toxic compounds that, in high doses, inhibited mutagenicity.

PMID- 6828050
TI  - Actions of amino-beta-carbolines on induction of sister-chromatid exchanges.
AB  - Synthetic 3-aminoharman and 3-aminonorharman (amino-beta-carbolines) caused
      slight but definite induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human
      lymphoblastoid cells NL3 and Chinese hamster cells CHO-K1. These amino-beta
      carbolines are ranked between 2-amino-alpha-carboline and 2-amino-6-methyl-9a-aza
      delta-carboline (Glu-P-2) and much lower than 3-amino-gamma-carbolines (Trp-P-1
      and 2) in inductive activity. 1-Amino-beta-carboline, harman and norharman had
      very weak, if any, SCE-inducer activity. Norharman had a synergistic effect with
      aromatic amines such as Trp-P-2 and aniline on SCE induction, while 3-aminoharman
      suppressed SCE induction by more potent inducers such as Trp-P-2 and
      benzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 6828049
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide-type growth-promoting agents. I.
      Micronucleus test in rats.
AB  - The cytogenetic activities of 3 growth-promoting agents carbadox, olaquindox and
      cyadox were examined by the micronucleus test. These chemicals were administered
      i.p. to male Wistar rats 30 and 6 h before they were killed. Single-dose levels
      were 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 mg/kg for carbadox; 30, 60, 90, 120 and
      240 mg/kg for olaquindox; and for cyadox 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg. Over the
      entire dose range tested, carbadox induced a statistically significant increase
      in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the rat bone
      marrow, whereas similar activity of olaquindox started at a dose of 2 X 60 mg/kg.
      The effect of cyadox was very low even at the highest dosage tested. Further
      testing of the genotoxicity of this class of chemicals is required. The genetic
      activity of the solvent used (dimethyl sulfoxide) is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6828051
TI  - Mutagenicity of different fractions of extracts of human feces.
AB  - An extraction-fractionation scheme for the isolation of non-volatile fecal
      mutagens is described. Extraction of feces was with acetone, and a 2-step
      fractionation scheme employing silica gel SepPak cartridges and normal-phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography was used. Assay of mutagens was with the standard
      plate mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and
      TA100, with and without the Aroclor induced S9 microsomal activation system.
      Single feces samples from 24 donors from a wide socioeconomic spectrum were
      tested. It was found that most fecal mutagenicity extracted by aqueous acetone
      could be attributed to a lipid soluble mutagen active on both TA98 and TA100 that
      has been previously reported.

PMID- 6828052
TI  - Detecting radiation damage to human chromosomes by flow cytometry.
AB  - The flow karyotype profile of ethidium bromide-stained chromosomes from human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes has been analysed following exposure of lymphocytes
      to graded series of X-ray doses in vitro. Flow analysis offers the potential for
      rapid counting of chromosome abnormalities and it is shown that the level of
      background fluorescence, the distribution of fluorescence and the area of peaks
      associated with the larger chromosomes, are altered in a dose-related fashion
      following previous exposures of cultured lymphocytes to 50-400 rad. Moreover,
      parallel manual analysis of the incidence of chromosome aberrations in metaphase
      samples of the irradiated cells show a close correlation between flow karyotype
      profile distortion and aberration frequency. It is estimated that for any given
      irradiated blood sample doses above 100 rad could be detected with certainty.

PMID- 6828053
TI  - Chromosome preparations from rabbit preovulatory oocytes.

PMID- 6828054
TI  - Cytogenetic observations, in mouse secondary spermatocytes, on numerical and
      structural chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide in various stages
      of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6828055
TI  - Post-meiotic cell mediation of behavior in progeny of male rats treated with
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Transmission of the effects of paternal pre-fertilization exposure to a genotoxic
      drug being manifested in the F1 progeny is well established using the traditional
      rodent dominant lethal protocol [7]. More recently, the induction of genotoxic
      effects in the F1 progeny following chronic paternal exposure prior to
      fertilization has been described in rats using behavioral testing as an endpoint
      [1]. In our initial study, male F344 adult rats were treated chronically with 10
      mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP) or saline for 5 weeks (5 days of daily treatment and
      2 days of rest). The present study describes the behavior of progeny whose
      fathers were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg CP and
      mated at different times post-injection. This design showed that post-meiotic
      germ cells are the most sensitive to the effects of CP as seen by behavioral
      testing of the F1 progeny.

PMID- 6828057
TI  - The effect of stannous and stannic (tin) chloride on DNA in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - Tin(II) at concentrations up to 500 microM stannous chloride (SnCl2), produced
      extensive DNA damage, as detected by alkaline sucrose gradient (ASG) analysis in
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in serum-free
      minimal essential medium (MEM). However treatment of cells with tin(IV), as
      stannic chloride (SnCl4), produced no such DNA damage. There was no loss in
      colony formation 6 days after either treatment suggesting that the DNA damage
      induced by the tin(II) was rapidly repaired and/or that DNA synthesis proceeded
      on the damaged templates permitting cell division to occur. Alternatively, the
      type of DNA damage caused by tin(II) may not lead to a reduction in colony
      forming ability. Tin(II) produced about 200 times more ASG detectable DNA damage
      on an equi-molar basis than did Cr(VI), a known human carcinogen. This study
      indicates that tin(II) may be potentially genotoxic.

PMID- 6828056
TI  - X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in dictyate oocytes of young and old female
      mice.

PMID- 6828060
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine, an endogenous alkylating agent.

PMID- 6828062
TI  - Mutagenicity of extracts from typewriter ribbons and related items.
AB  - Extracts of typewriter ribbons and carbon papers were found to be mutagenic in
      the Salmonella/microsome assay with strain TA98. Fractionation of ribbon extracts
      indicates that at least 2-3 different classes of mutagenic component are present
      in these extracts. Nitro-containing compounds may be responsible for the high
      mutagenicity observed for some of the ribbon extracts in the absence of S9. The
      results indicate that impurities in the products may be causing part of the
      mutagenic effect.

PMID- 6828058
TI  - Evidence that thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes detected by autoradiography are
      mutant cells.
AB  - The autoradiographic detection of thioguanine-resistant (TGR) cells has been
      proposed as a method for measurement of in vivo mutation frequency. This
      proposition was tested by combining the autoradiographic technique with the
      technique of long-term lymphocyte culture. Irradiation of lymphocytes on day 0
      following by culture showed a dose-related increase the frequency of TGR cells
      with an expression time of approx. 7 days. There was a suggestion that mis-sense
      mutations as well as non-sense mutations and deletions were increased. Incubation
      with aminopterin for 10 days prevented the increase in TGR cells after
      irradiation and probably decreased the frequency of TGR cells prior to
      irradiation. The results suggest that many or most of the TGR cells measured
      autoradiographically are mutant cells. However, the variability observed with the
      method imposes limitations on its use and suggests that it will be of more value
      in studying populations rather than individuals.

PMID- 6828061
TI  - Adsorption of mutagens to cotton bearing covalently bound trisulfo-copper
      phthalocyanine.
AB  - A method for separating nonpolar mutagens from their dilute aqueous solutions is
      described. It utilizes the affinity of the mutagens to a phthalocyanine
      derivative attached to cotton through a covalent bond. For mutagens having 3 or
      more fused aromatic rings in their structures, efficient adsorption took place on
      soaking the cotton in their solutions. The mutagens adsorbed can be recovered by
      elution with ammoniacal methanol. Mutagenicity in smoker's urine, cooked beef,
      and river water was detected by use of this method.

PMID- 6828064
TI  - Induced chromosome loss from matings of procarbazine-treated rod-x males with
      repair-deficient mei-9a or st mus302 females of Drosophila.

PMID- 6828063
TI  - 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) is positive for sex-linked recessive lethals,
      heritable translocations and chromosome loss in Drosophila.

PMID- 6828065
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges in herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 6828067
TI  - Genotoxicity of an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, in the mouse.
AB  - The effects of dimethoate were investigated in the mouse after acute (10 mg/kg
      i.p.) or chronic treatment (0.6 ppm, 5 days a week for 7 weeks). Dominant lethal
      mutations were scored for a 7-week period after the acute dose, and immediately
      after exposure for the chronic dose. Chromosome damage was also analysed in bone
      marrow and spermatogonial cells at the same dose levels (from 12 to 48 h after
      treatment). MMS (60 mg/kg i.p.) was chosen as the positive control. In no
      experiment did dimethoate show any genotoxicity.

PMID- 6828059
TI  - Quantitation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in HeLa cells.
AB  - A synthetic DNA polymer containing [8-3H]O6-methylguanine (m6G) was used as a
      substrate to assay the in situ demethylation of the alkylated base by an activity
      in HeLa cell extracts. The repair activity appears to be similar to the O6
      methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase of E. coli and to be inactivated by reaction
      with the substrate. Extracts of a methylation-repair proficient (Mer+) cell
      strain, HeLa CCL2, were found to contain m6G repair activity equivalent to
      approx. 100 000 molecules of methyltransferase per cell, assuming that each
      molecule can demethylate one m6G residue. No activity could be detected in the
      extract of a repair deficient (Mer-) cell strain, HeLa S3, and there is no
      evidence of an inhibitor of repair activity in this strain.

PMID- 6828066
TI  - Induction of cytogenetic effects in human fibroblast cultures after exposure to
      formaldehyde or X-rays.
AB  - Cytogenetic changes induced by formaldehyde (FA) in exponentially growing human
      fibroblasts were compared with those produced by X-rays. Chromosome aberrations
      of different types were detected. Exposure to 2 mM FA for 15 min resulted,
      quantitatively and qualitatively, in effects comparable to those produced by an X
      ray dose of 100 rad. X-Rays at higher exposures produced types of chromosome
      aberrations that differed from those induced by higher exposures to FA.

PMID- 6828068
TI  - Induction of micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow cells by the flavonoid 5,3',4'
      trihydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxy-flavone (THTMF).

PMID- 6828069
TI  - Risk of chromosomal disease due to radiation. Tentative estimate from the study
      of radiation-induced translocations in human fibroblasts.
AB  - A sample of 214 reciprocal 2-break translocations observed in fibroblasts, both
      after accidental 'in vivo', and experimental 'in vitro' gamma-irradiation, was
      studied. The distribution of the breaks along the chromosomes does not seem at
      random. The minimal possible imbalance that these translocations could induce by
      malsegregation, if they existed in germ cells, was estimated. These imbalances
      were compared with the chromosomal trisomies and monosomies known to be
      compatible with life after birth in man. It is concluded that about 2/5 of the
      radiation-induced translocations might induce a viable trisomy and/or monosomy.
      This result, similar to that previously obtained in human lymphocytes, indicates
      the validity of the extrapolation from one tissue to another, and hopefully to
      germ cells.

PMID- 6828070
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes by microsomal
      activation of benzene metabolites.
AB  - Metabolic activation of the benzene metabolites, catechol, hydroquinone, and
      phenol, by rat-liver microsomes and an NADPH-generating system (S9 mix) caused an
      increased induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured human
      lymphocytes. There were different optimal concentrations of S9 mix for converting
      each benzene metabolite into further reactive forms that could induce SCE-forming
      lesions. The data indicate that catechol and hydroquinone can be optimally
      metabolized to produce reactive species, presumably benzo(semi)quinones, under
      conditions of lower metabolic activity than those necessary for phenol and
      benzene.

PMID- 6828071
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to
      styrene.
AB  - Few studies exist about chromosomal damage in workers occupationally exposed to
      styrene. In the present study, chromosomal aberrations and SCEs were analyzed
      from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes of workers employed in 6 different
      reinforced-plastics industries with styrene air exposure levels ranging from 30
      to 400 mg/mc. A control group was selected on the base of sex, age and smoking
      habit. We examined 50-h cultures (for chromosomal-aberrations) and 72-h cultures
      (for SCEs) for each individual. All workers exposed to styrene, as compared with
      controls, showed significantly increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations,
      while SCEs were significantly increased at 4 of the 6 plants. High SCE values
      appeared with styrene air concentrations higher than 200 mg/mc. Apart from the
      possible presence and role of other interfering chemicals in the various plants,
      chromosomal aberrations seem to be more sensitive than SCEs for the detection of
      chromosomal damage caused by exposure to low doses of styrene.

PMID- 6828072
TI  - Maleic hydrazide induces sister-chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells in vitro.
AB  - Maleic hydrazide (MH) in high concentrations (from 8 X 10(-3)M upward) induces
      SCEs in human blood cultures if it is added either for the entire culture period
      (72 h) or for the last 24 h. Parallel to the induction of SCEs, there is a delay
      in the proliferation of the cultures, as can be seen by the distribution of the
      first, second and third mitoses following the addition of BrdUrd. MH leads to a
      pronounced induction of SCEs in V79 cells (quadrupeling the control value) if
      added for 24 h simultaneously with BrdUrd. Treating the cells for 1 or 3 h prior
      to the addition of BrdUrd has no or little effect on the frequencies of SCEs.

PMID- 6828073
TI  - Increased dominant-lethal effects due to prolonged exposure of mice to inhaled
      ethylene oxide.

PMID- 6828074
TI  - A method for rapid, sensitive quantitation of short-patch DNA repair in cultured
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The sensitivity of DNA-repair detection after incubation of cultured rat
      hepatocytes with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and [Me-1',2'-3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR)
      was enhanced by the preparation of isolated nuclei. Nuclear isolation-liquid
      scintillation counting (NI-LSC) provided a rapid method for the determination of
      unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). DMN-induced UDS detected by autoradiography and
      NI-LSC correlated well and provided similar dose-response curves, indicating the
      utility of the NI-LSC method for the quantitation of short-patch DNA repair.

PMID- 6828075
TI  - Suppressive action of near-ultraviolet light on ouabain resistance induced by far
      ultraviolet light in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The interaction between ultraviolet light (UV-C) from germicidal lamps (254 nm)
      and near-ultraviolet light (UV-B) from Westinghouse Sun Lamps (290-345 nm) was
      studied in Chinese hamster V79 cells by measuring the effectiveness of combined
      exposures to induce the resistance to 6-thioguanine or to ouabain. Exposure of
      cells to a conditioning dose of UV-B (approximately 70% survival) results in
      significant inhibition of the induction by UV-C of cells resistant to ouabain.
      The inhibition is lost, however, if cells are incubated for 12 h at 37 degrees C
      between exposures. Inhibition is also observed when cells are preirradiated with
      a dose of UV-B filtered with polystyrene (300-345 nm) which, in itself, has no
      effect on cell killing. Conditioning exposures of unfiltered or filtered UV-B
      light do not inhibit the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells by UV-C
      light, and the effects of UV-B and UV-C light are largely independent.

PMID- 6828076
TI  - Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation induced G2
      arrest.

PMID- 6828077
TI  - Arsenic and SCE in human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of tri- and penta-valent arsenic compounds on sister-chromatid
      exchange (SCE) in both G0 and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) substituted chromosomes
      was investigated. ?Of 4 donors whose lymphocytes were exposed to sodium arsenate
      for 2 cell cycles 1 showed an increase, 2 a decrease, and 1 neither an increase
      or decrease over baseline levels. Exposure to sodium arsenite produced a similar
      result with 2 of 4 donors showing a significant increase in SCE. G0 lymphocytes
      exposed to either sodium arsenate or sodium arsenite did not show increased SCE.
      These results indicate that although arsenic can induce SCEs in human
      lymphocytes, there is considerable variation in SCE response among individuals.
      Furthermore, the data suggest that the increased SCEs seen in patients exposed to
      arsenic may be due to the patient's condition and not arsenic exposure.

PMID- 6828078
TI  - Fungal elements in tissues of sporotrichosis.

PMID- 6828079
TI  - Control of growth of saprophytic fungi in routine mycological cultures.

PMID- 6828080
TI  - Muscle proteolysis induced by a circulating peptide in patients with sepsis or
      trauma.
AB  - Accelerated proteolysis of muscle is characteristic in patients with trauma or
      sepsis, but its cause is not well understood. Using rat muscle in vitro, we
      developed a bioassay to compare the proteolytic activity of plasma from 50
      patients with trauma or sepsis with that of plasma from 14 normal volunteers and
      from 15 patients who had undergone "clean" elective surgical procedures. The mean
      proteolytic activity in the plasma of patients with trauma or sepsis was found to
      be 190 +/- 8.0 per cent of the control value (rat muscle incubated in medium
      alone), whereas the activity in normal plasma was 124 +/- 4.5 per cent (P less
      than 0.001). The activity in the plasma of patients who had undergone elective
      surgery was slightly elevated at 142 +/- 2.5 per cent (P less than 0.005). In 25
      of the patients with trauma or sepsis the rate of amino acid release from one leg
      was measured by subtracting the concentration of tyrosine plus phenylalanine in
      the femoral artery plasma from that in the femoral vein; this rate correlated
      well with the bioactivity of the plasma in the bioassay system (r = 0.67, P less
      than 0.001). By means of ultrafiltration and chromatography, the plasma factor
      inducing proteolysis was isolated and found to be a peptide, probably containing
      sialic acid, with a chain of 33 amino acids and a molecular weight of
      approximately 4274 daltons.

PMID- 6828081
TI  - Late cardiac effects of therapeutic mediastinal irradiation. Assessment by
      echocardiography and radionuclide angiography.

PMID- 6828083
TI  - Heart disease after radiation.

PMID- 6828082
TI  - Multiorgan granulomas and mitochondrial antibodies.

PMID- 6828085
TI  - Smoking and urinary estrogens.

PMID- 6828086
TI  - An aberrant wave form due to rupture of the balloon of the Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 6828087
TI  - Basketball-related impotence.

PMID- 6828084
TI  - Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Associated disorders?

PMID- 6828088
TI  - Institutional Review Boards and the freedom to take risks.

PMID- 6828089
TI  - The significance of statistical significance.

PMID- 6828090
TI  - Reporting on methods in clinical trials.

PMID- 6828091
TI  - Reduction of serum cholesterol in heterozygous patients with familial
      hypercholesterolemia. Additive effects of compactin and cholestyramine.
AB  - We studied the effects of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine, alone and in
      combination with the experimental agent compactin (ML-236B), a competitive
      inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on serum levels of
      lipoproteins in 10 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
      After cholestyramine treatment alone for 2 to 16 months, serum total and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 20 and 28 per cent, respectively.
      With the addition of compactin for 12 weeks there was a 39 per cent total
      decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value--from 356 +/- 14 to 217 +/-
      10 mg per deciliter (9.27 +/- 0.36 to 5.64 +/- 0.26 mmol per liter [mean +/-
      S.E.M.]; P less than 0.001)--and a 53 per cent decrease in low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol--from 263 +/- 13 to 125 +/- 10 mg per deciliter (6.84 +/-
      0.34 to 3.25 +/- 0.26 mmol per liter; P less than 0.001). High-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, which had increased during cholestyramine treatment,
      remained at its higher level. No adverse effects were observed. If long-term
      safety can be demonstrated, the compactin-cholestyramine regimen may prove useful
      in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. prove useful in heterozygous
      familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 6828092
TI  - A double-blind trial of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Effects on
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - During a double-blind trial in which patients with suspected myocardial
      infarction received metoprolol or placebo, we analyzed the occurrence of
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Metoprolol (15 mg intravenously) was given as soon
      as possible after admission, and thereafter 200 mg was given daily for three
      months. Antiarrhythmic drugs were given only for ventricular fibrillation and
      sustained ventricular tachycardia (greater than 60 beats per second). Definite
      acute myocardial infarction developed in 809 of the 1395 participants, and
      probable infarction in 162. Metoprolol did not influence the occurrence of
      premature ventricular contractions or short bursts of ventricular tachycardia.
      However, there were 17 cases of ventricular fibrillation in the placebo group
      (697 patients) and only 6 in the metoprolol group (698 patients, P less than
      0.05). During the hospital stay significantly fewer patients receiving metoprolol
      (16) than placebo (38) (P less than 0.01) required lidocaine. In a separate
      analysis of 145 patients, metoprolol did not influence the occurrence of
      premature ventricular contractions or short bursts of ventricular tachycardia
      during the first 24 hours of treatment. Despite a lack of effect on less serious
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias, metoprolol had a prophylactic effect against
      ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6828093
TI  - Abdominal surgery (first of three parts).

PMID- 6828096
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 11-1983. A 27-year-old woman with an abnormal fetus demonstrated
      by ultrasound examination.

PMID- 6828097
TI  - Changing U. S. life style and declining vascular mortality--a retrospective.

PMID- 6828098
TI  - Sounding board. Fantasy land.

PMID- 6828095
TI  - Impaired intestinal absorption of biotin in juvenile multiple carboxylase
      deficiency.

PMID- 6828099
TI  - Phenylpropanolamine, a nonprescription drug with potentially fatal side effects.

PMID- 6828094
TI  - Outbreak of illness in a school chorus. Toxic poisoning or mass hysteria?

PMID- 6828100
TI  - Catheter technique for closed-chest ablation of an accessory atrioventricular
      pathway.

PMID- 6828102
TI  - Alternatives to tracheostomy in sleep apnea.

PMID- 6828101
TI  - Plasma carbamylated protein in renal failure.

PMID- 6828103
TI  - Combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency.

PMID- 6828105
TI  - The Journal's book review policy.

PMID- 6828104
TI  - Hepatic copper overload and cirrhosis.

PMID- 6828107
TI  - Quality and costs in the nursing-home market.

PMID- 6828106
TI  - Carbamazepine-isoniazid interaction and on-line information retrieval.

PMID- 6828108
TI  - Association of left pleural effusion with pericardial disease.

PMID- 6828109
TI  - Contamination of cerebrospinal fluid by vertebral bone-marrow cells during lumbar
      puncture.

PMID- 6828110
TI  - Cellular immune deficiency in two siblings with hereditary orotic aciduria.

PMID- 6828112
TI  - Sounding Board. Allowing the debilitated to die. Facing our ethical choices.

PMID- 6828113
TI  - Agent Orange and birth defects.

PMID- 6828114
TI  - Fibrocystic "disease" of the breast.

PMID- 6828111
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 12-1983. A 78-year-old woman with persistent fever of unknown
      origin.

PMID- 6828115
TI  - Clinically inapparent Toxocara infection in children.

PMID- 6828116
TI  - Phenytoin-theophylline-quinidine interactions.

PMID- 6828117
TI  - Rates for total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 6828118
TI  - The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease.
AB  - We recovered a newly recognized spirochete from the blood, skin lesions (erythema
      chronicum migrans [ECM]), or cerebrospinal fluid of 3 of 56 patients with Lyme
      disease and from 21 of 110 nymphal or adult lxodes dammini ticks in Connecticut.
      These isolates and the original one from l. dammini appeared to have the same
      morphologic and immunologic features. In patients, specific IgM antibody titers
      usually reached a peak between the third and sixth week after the onset of
      disease; specific IgG antibody titers rose slowly and were generally highest
      months later when arthritis was present. Among 40 patients who had early disease
      only (ECM alone), 90 per cent had an elevated IgM titer (greater than or equal to
      1:128) between the ECM phase and convalescence. Among 95 patients with later
      manifestations (involvement of the nervous system, heart, or joints), 94 per cent
      had elevated titers of IgG (greater than or equal to 1:128). In contrast, none of
      80 control subjects had elevated IgG titers, and only three control patients with
      infectious mononucleosis had elevated IgM titers. We conclude that the I. dammini
      spirochete is the causative agent of Lyme disease.

PMID- 6828119
TI  - Spirochetes isolated from the blood of two patients with Lyme disease.
AB  - We isolated spirochetes from the blood of 2 of 36 patients in Long Island and
      Westchester County, New York, who had signs and symptoms suggestive of Lyme
      disease. The spirochetes were morphologically similar and serologically identical
      to organisms recently found to infect lxodes dammini ticks, which are endemic to
      the area and have been epidemiologically implicated as vectors of Lyme disease.
      In both patients, there was a rise in specific antispirochetal antibodies in
      paired specimens of serum. We conclude that the l. dammini spirochete has an
      etiologic role in Lyme disease.

PMID- 6828120
TI  - Furosemide promotes patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with the
      respiratory-distress syndrome.
AB  - Furosemide stimulates the renal synthesis of prostaglandin E2, a potent dilator
      of the ductus arteriosus. We administered this drug to 33 premature infants with
      the respiratory-distress syndrome, to determine whether it increased the
      incidence of patent ductus arteriosus. Chlorothiazide, a diuretic that does not
      stimulate prostaglandin E synthesis, was used as the control drug in 33 other
      infants. During the study, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in the furosemide group (18 of 33
      infants) than in the chlorothiazide group (8 of 33). Eleven infants in the
      furosemide group and seven in the chlorothiazide group required ductal ligation
      (P greater than 0.2). An additional six infants (all from the furosemide group)
      who did not have evidence of a patent ductus during the study were later found to
      have one. Overall survival was 76 and 61 per cent in the furosemide and
      chlorothiazide groups, respectively (P greater than 0.2). Small (less than
      twofold) increases in the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E were seen after
      the initial dose of both drugs. When the analysis was repeated after the fifth
      day of life, prostaglandin E excretion tripled after furosemide administration,
      whereas no increase occurred with chlorothiazide. We conclude that furosemide
      increases the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with the
      respiratory-distress syndrome, probably through a prostaglandin-mediated process.

PMID- 6828121
TI  - Day hospitalization and an inn instead of inpatient care for psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 6828122
TI  - Current concepts. Slow-release theophylline rationale and basis for product
      selection.

PMID- 6828123
TI  - Acute pneumonitis after subcutaneous injections of silicone in transsexual men.

PMID- 6828124
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 13-1983. A 72-year-old man with partial colonic obstruction.

PMID- 6828125
TI  - Lyme disease--success for academia and the community.

PMID- 6828126
TI  - Multiple opportunistic infection due to AIDS in a previously healthy black woman
      from Zaire.

PMID- 6828127
TI  - Seasonal increase in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6828128
TI  - Adjuvant dacarbazine in cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 6828129
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin before and after palpation of the thyroid.

PMID- 6828130
TI  - Low-dose steroid therapy for prophylaxis of amiodarone-induced pulmonary
      infiltrates.

PMID- 6828132
TI  - Otalgia in infants traveling in airplanes.

PMID- 6828131
TI  - Cardiomyopathy in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6828133
TI  - Neighborhood health centers for the elderly.

PMID- 6828134
TI  - Symbol of Boston's Museum of Science has eye tumor.

PMID- 6828135
TI  - Animals in research. Congress gears up for legislation.

PMID- 6828136
TI  - Contraception. Djerassi calls for more research.

PMID- 6828137
TI  - Activity-mediated neural change.

PMID- 6828139
TI  - Oxygen uptake occurs faster than sodium pumping in bee retina after a light
      flash.
AB  - When neurones are active there is an entry of Na+, which must subsequently be
      pumped out, and an increase in their oxygen consumption rate (Qo2). The Na+ pump
      derives its energy from ATP, splitting it into ADP and Pi, and it has reasonably
      been proposed that the changes in concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi lead to a
      stimulation of the O2 consumption by the mitochondria and hence to a restoration
      of the stock of ATP. Here we present evidence suggesting that Qo2 must be
      controlled differently in the retinal photoreceptor cells of the honeybee drone.
      Stimulation of drone photoreceptors with a flash of light causes an entry of Na+
      (ref. 4) and a transient increase in Qo2 that indicates respiration of the right
      order of magnitude to provide ATP to pump the Na+ out. We report intracellular
      recordings of changes in intracellular sodium (Nai+) and potassium (Ki+) in
      response to single light flashes and have compared the time course of extra
      oxygen consumption (delta Qo2) with these ion changes and other indices of Na+
      pumping. We found that the time course of pumping seems to lag behind the time
      course of delta Qo2. It follows that the mitochondrial respiration must be
      stimulated by some signal which is generated earlier than the rise in ADP
      produced by the Na+ pump.

PMID- 6828140
TI  - Vasopressin alters female sexual behaviour by acting on the brain independently
      of alterations in blood pressure.
AB  - Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) prolongs retention of
      a learned behaviour and elevates arterial blood pressure. Intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) injection of a thousandfold lower dose of AVP than needed with s.c.
      injection produces the same behavioural effect, suggesting that AVP acts on the
      brain to control behaviour. However, as i.c.v. injection of AVP also elevates
      arterial blood pressure, it was suggested that AVP, and perhaps other peptides as
      well, influences behaviour indirectly by eliciting a peripheral response, for
      example blood pressure changes, rather than by acting directly on the brain. The
      suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a source of vasopressin
      production, inhibit sexual receptivity in oestradiol-17 beta-treated
      ovariectomized rats during the light phase of the daily lighting cycle, leading
      to speculation that vasopressin might inhibit sexual behaviour. Here we report
      that i.c.v. injections of AVP (1, 4 or 10 ng) inhibit sexual behaviour in
      receptive rats. This behavioural response is prevented by i.c.v. injection of an
      antiserum to AVP 30 min before AVP injection. Subcutaneous injection of a high
      dose of AVP (1 microgram) has no behavioural effect but elevates arterial blood
      pressure within 30 min of administration. Intracerebroventricular injection of a
      behaviourally effective dose of AVP (1 ng) has no effect on blood pressure. The
      results provide direct evidence that AVP can alter behaviour by an action on the
      brain and independently of its effect on blood pressure.

PMID- 6828141
TI  - Exposure of an antigen of chromaffin granules on cell surface during exocytosis.
AB  - The synthesis rate of the membrane proteins of the catecholamine-storing vesicles
      (chromaffin granules) of the adrenal medulla is lower than that of the secretory
      proteins of the contents. Based on these results we proposed that after
      exocytosis the membranes of chromaffin granules are retrieved and are re-used for
      several secretion cycles (see also ref. 4). This concept of re-use of granule
      membranes has been further strengthened by the finding that exogenous markers
      which are taken up by secretory cells during stimulation can be traced to the
      Golgi region and to immature secretory organelles. However, one basic question
      remains: are the membranes of secretory organelles specifically and completely
      removed from the plasma membrane and if so, how fast is this process? By using an
      antiserum against a membrane glycoprotein of chromaffin granules we have now
      obtained quantitative data which demonstrate that during exocytosis this antigen
      becomes exposed on the cell surface and disappears again to a large degree within
      30 min.

PMID- 6828142
TI  - Maintenance of optical quality during crystalline lens growth.
AB  - Vertebrate lenses grow throughout life by the division of cells at the lens
      surface. The fibre cells thus produced are gradually covered by newer tissue,
      giving a layered structure. During growth, the lens must remain transparent and
      retain its refractile properties. The severity of these constraints is perhaps
      most evident in teleost fish which have a spherical lens that may increase in
      volume by a thousandfold during the first year of life. The dioptric power of the
      teleost fish eye is vested entirely in this spherical lens, as water, the cornea
      and the intraocular vitreous humour have almost identical refractive indices.
      Spherical lenses of uniform refractive index produce poor images because rays
      entering at different distances from the optic axis are focused at different
      distances from the lens. Teleost fish do not suffer from this imperfection and it
      has long been presumed that this is because there exists a refractive index
      gradient having a high value in the centre and decreasing continuously and
      symmetrically with radius in all directions. Here we demonstrate in the African
      cichlid fish, Haplochromis burtoni, that a refractive index gradient does exist,
      although its form is significantly different from that previously postulated.

PMID- 6828138
TI  - Avoidance of neonatal cortical lesions by developing somatosensory barrels.

PMID- 6828143
TI  - Phorbol esters increase the amount of Ca2+, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
      associated with plasma membrane.
AB  - Although the biochemical mechanism of action of phorbol ester tumour promoters is
      not fully understood, it is known that phorbol ester binding to the cell surface
      causes rapid changes in calcium flux and phospholipid metabolism. A protein
      kinase activity has recently been described which is dependent on calcium and
      acidic phospholipids and is further enhanced by diacylglycerol. Previously, we
      have observed that phorbol ester treatment of EL4 mouse thymoma cells causes a
      rapid decrease in cytosolic calcium, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (Ca,
      PL-PK) activity, which is mediated through the specific phorbol ester cell
      surface receptors identified on EL4 cells. We now show that treatment of parietal
      yolk sacs (PYS-2) cells with biologically active 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13
      acetate (TPA) provokes a rapid decrease in cytosolic Ca, PL-PK activity that is
      accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of Ca, PL-PK activity
      associated with the plasma membrane fraction. These results suggest that the
      rapid and tight association of Ca, PL-PK activity with the plasma membrane may be
      an early event in mediating some of the effects of phorbol esters.

PMID- 6828144
TI  - Chemicals and genetic damage.

PMID- 6828146
TI  - Polymorphism or oncogene.

PMID- 6828145
TI  - How red blood cells and malaria parasites recognize each other.

PMID- 6828148
TI  - Genetic polymorphism and plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 6828147
TI  - Coherent excitation in biology.

PMID- 6828149
TI  - Multiple mechanisms of mitosis?

PMID- 6828150
TI  - The structure of a mutant H-2 gene suggests that the generation of polymorphism
      in H-2 genes may occur by gene conversion-like events.

PMID- 6828151
TI  - Formation of stable preinitiation complexes between eukaryotic class B
      transcription factors and promoter sequences.

PMID- 6828152
TI  - GABA acts directly on cells of pituitary pars intermedia to alter hormone output.
AB  - Recent immunohistochemical evidence from the rat, indicating that gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing fibres of central nervous origin project to
      the pars intermedia of the pituitary1,2, prompts inquiry into the function of
      this innervation. There is electrophysiological evidence that GABA acts directly
      on melanotrophs isolated from rat, through bicuculline-blockable receptors, to
      increase Cl- conductance and thereby drive the membrane potential towards the Cl-
      equilibrium potential in these cells, resulting in depolarization at rest or
      reduction of the depolarization caused by excess K+ (ref. 3). As voltage
      dependent Ca channels can participate in the regulation of secretion in these
      cells4, we have now examined the effect of GABA on hormone output and find that
      it first stimulates and then inhibits spontaneous secretion of melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (MSH) and inhibits K+-evoked secretion. Moreover, our
      pharmacological evidence suggests that similar receptors are involved in the
      secretory and the electrophysiological responses. A function of the GABAergic
      innervation may therefore be to regulate hormone output by acting directly on the
      melanotrophs, and this regulation may be affected by the changes in electrical
      properties induced by GABA.

PMID- 6828154
TI  - Development of orientation columns in cat striate cortex revealed by 2
      deoxyglucose autoradiography.
AB  - In the striate cortex of adult monkeys and cats, both electrophysiology1-3 and
      the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique of Sokoloff4-8 suggest that
      neurones are arranged in functional columns or slabs that run through the full
      thickness of the cortex, each column containing cells with a preference for a
      particular orientation of line or edge in the visual field. There is
      disagreement, however, concerning the organization of visual cortex in very young
      animals and the role of visual experience in cortical development. Orientation
      selective neurones clearly exist in immature cat cortex, but reports differ on
      their frequency, angular selectivity and degree of columnar organization (see
      ref. 9 for review). We have used 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography to investigate
      the development of cat striate cortex. This technique reveals the spatial
      distribution of activity in populations of neurones and should therefore provide
      information about how the columnar pattern develops and whether its maturation
      depends on visual stimulation. We report here that in normal animals, periodic
      metabolic labelling around layer IV was first clearly observed at 21 days of age
      and by 35 days the pattern had become truly columnar; in a matched series of
      animals deprived of normal pattern vision no differential label was observed
      except for weak periodicity in a single 35-day-old animal. These results suggest
      that cat striate cortex is immature at the time of eye-opening and that visual
      experience is crucial for normal maturation.

PMID- 6828153
TI  - Neuronal correlates of sleep, wakefulness and arousal in a diurnal insect.
AB  - The discovery that various states of sleep, rest, wakefulness and arousal in man
      can be correlated with specific forms of the electroencephalogram1 has led to
      intensive studies of these states, mostly in mammals2-5. Today it is generally
      accepted that circadian sleep-wakefulness cycles occur in mammals and birds2,3,6.
      Behavioural observations on sleep in moths have also been published7; many other
      invertebrates demonstrate rest/activity cycles8. Circadian sensitivity
      fluctuations in both central9 and peripheral10-15 components of the visual system
      of various nocturnal arthropod species have been demonstrated. We now report that
      long-term, extracellular, single-unit recordings from optomotor interneurones in
      the optic lobes of forager honey bees reveal an oscillation in their sensitivity
      to moving visual stimuli16, 17. The oscillation displays properties typical of a
      circadian rhythm6, 18. The sensitivity of the neurons is higher during the
      subjective day than during the subjective night. The locomotor activity of
      individual, fixed walking forager bees shows a similar circadian oscillation and
      is also higher during the subjective day. Visual and mechanical stimuli can act
      directly on the interneurones and restore their sensitivity during times of
      reduced neuronal responsiveness. A comparison with results available for mammals
      makes it likely that the neuronal phenomena presented here are correlates of the
      bee's circadian sleep-wakefulness rhythm.

PMID- 6828155
TI  - Assessment of chlorination by human neutrophils.
AB  - On phagocytosing a microorganism, the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte,
      PMN) consumes oxygen at a sharply elevated rate1. The oxygen is used to kill the
      microorganism, presumably being used to produce a potent oxidizing agent or
      agents. Candidates for these bactericidal agents are singlet oxygen, hydroxyl
      radical and chlorinating agents (that is, species containing 'active' Cl in a
      formal +1 oxidation state: HOCl, Cl2, N-chloroamides, and so on)1-5. We now
      report a semiquantitative assay for PMN-generated active chlorine based on its
      trapping with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB). Using this assay, we have found that
      at least 28% of the oxygen consumed by stimulated normal human PMNs is converted
      to active chlorinating agents.

PMID- 6828156
TI  - The seal myoglobin gene: an unusually long globin gene.
AB  - The tetrameric haemoglobins of vertebrates are encoded by alpha- and beta-globin
      gene families which arose during evolution by a succession of gene duplications,
      commencing with an alpha beta globin gene duplication which occurred about 500
      Myr ago, early in the evolution of the vertebrates. All functional alpha- and
      beta- globin genes analysed so far share common features, including coding
      sequence homologies and the presence of two introns within the coding sequence at
      locations which correlate with interdomain boundaries within globin polypeptides.
      Here we describe the isolation and characterization of an additional diverged
      member of the globin gene family, the seal myoglobin gene. We show that monomeric
      myoglobin, which diverged from haemoglobin about 600-800 Myr ago before the
      appearance of tetrameric haemoglobins, is also specified by a gene containing two
      introns at positions precisely homologous to haemoglobin introns. Unlike
      vertebrate haemoglobin genes, however, the noncoding regions of the seal
      myoglobin gene are remarkably long.

PMID- 6828157
TI  - Oxidant killing of the malaria parasites.

PMID- 6828158
TI  - Transcription of DNA injected into Xenopus oocytes is influenced by template
      topology.
AB  - We have assayed the transcription of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase
      gene on circular and linear plasmids after injection into Xenopus oocytes. The
      circular plasmids appear to be transcribed at least 500 times more efficiently
      than the linear plasmids. Moreover, when the circular templates are allowed to
      form functioning transcription complexes, and are then linearized in situ, the
      synthesis of accurate transcripts is substantially reduced.

PMID- 6828159
TI  - First observation of a muscle spindle in fish.
AB  - In many groups of vertebrates, the muscle spindle is a specialized sensory organ
      for the detection of muscle stretching. The structure of the spindle varies among
      vertebrate classes. Moreover, Barker has asserted that Amphibia are the most
      primitive vertebrates to possess muscle spindles. Extensive studies, made mainly
      on the locomotor myotome, seem to show that the muscle receptors of fish are less
      specialized than those of more advanced animals, and that muscle spindles are
      absent. However, little attention has been paid to the jaw-closing muscle. We
      report here our finding of a very simple muscle spindle with a single intrafusal
      fibre in the well-developed jaw-closing muscle, adductor mandibulae, in a
      primitive teleostean, Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort).

PMID- 6828160
TI  - The arrangement of myosin heads in relaxed crab muscle.
AB  - To understand the mechanism of muscular contraction and its regulation by Ca2+
      (ref. 3), it is important to know the arrangement and configuration of the myosin
      heads in the space between thin and thick filaments in relaxed muscle. This
      information is still lacking, mainly because the myosin reflections in the X-ray
      diffraction patterns are sampled by the myofilament lattice, which makes it
      difficult to deduce information about the configuration of the head. In crab
      muscle, however, unsampled myosin reflections can be obtained, and lattice
      spacing (between adjacent thick filaments) can be changed by osmotic pressure
      applied to chemically skinned single fibres. The lattice spacing affects the
      intensity profiles of the myosin reflections, indicating a change of
      configuration of the heads. The results presented here are consistent with a
      model in which the myosin heads are arranged in a helical manner with a 4-fold
      rotational symmetry around the thick filament axis. Each head is elongated,
      probably 16-18 nm long and 3-4 nm thick, and is, in living resting muscle,
      centred 13.5 nm from the mean position of the axis of the nearest thin filament,
      implying that the tip of the head is very close to the surface of the thin
      filaments.

PMID- 6828162
TI  - Brush borders on the move.

PMID- 6828161
TI  - Integration of mitochondrial gene sequences within the nuclear genome during
      senescence in a fungus.
AB  - Cellular senescence in the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina is associated
      with the appearance of an altered mitochondrial genome. Discrete mitochondrial
      DNA sequences are excised and amplified and isolated as multimerically arranged,
      head-to-tail repetitions. We have referred to the most frequently observed
      excision/amplification product as alpha-event senDNA. It is a 2.6-kilobase pair
      (kbp) monomeric unit (see refs 1, 3, 7) and is often found in senescent
      mitochondria in conjunction with other excision products. At the final stage of
      senescence these plasmids constitute virtually all of the DNA present in
      senescent mitochondria; they have replicated to high copy number at the expense
      of the young native genome. Because P. anserina is characterized by race-specific
      timing of senescence (that is, a programme of senescence), we have begun to
      contrast rapidly and slowly senescing races in terms of senDNA. Here we present
      evidence that young mitochondria of the rapidly senescing race, A+, possess an
      extremely high copy number of alpha-event senDNA plasmid in contrast to the more
      slowly senescing races s+ or s-. Moreover, we observe that during senescence the
      alpha-event senDNA and the beta-event senDNA (a 9.8-kbp monomer) are transposed
      to the nucleus and integrated into nuclear DNA. These plasmids contain the coding
      information for subunits I and III (respectively) of the mitochondrial cytochrome
      c oxidase. This constitutes the first clear evidence for the active mobilization
      of genetic elements from the mitochondrion to the nucleus.

PMID- 6828163
TI  - Protein phosphorylation and translation of messenger RNAs.

PMID- 6828164
TI  - Control of timing of cell cycle events in fission yeast by the wee 1+ gene.

PMID- 6828165
TI  - Measurement of in vivo mutations in human lymphocytes.

PMID- 6828166
TI  - [Thyroid gland carcinoma as a late sequel of irradiation of the neck region].

PMID- 6828167
TI  - [Amebic liver abscess after perforation leading to cardiac tamponade].

PMID- 6828168
TI  - [Fetal hydrops following indomethacin administration during pregnancy].

PMID- 6828169
TI  - [The obstinate cough: a crux medicorum?].

PMID- 6828170
TI  - [The importance of parent-child contact in the first hours and days].

PMID- 6828172
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6828171
TI  - [Vitiligo and treatment with psoralen and ultraviolet light].

PMID- 6828173
TI  - [Penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Dutch Limburg].

PMID- 6828174
TI  - [Prevention of bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 6828175
TI  - [Pediatric aspirin and Reye's syndrome: suspected but not yet condemned].

PMID- 6828176
TI  - [Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. A recommendation for physicians and
      dentists by a work group established by the Dutch Heart Foundation].

PMID- 6828177
TI  - [Dirofilariasis, a rare imported disease in the Netherlands].

PMID- 6828178
TI  - [How healthy are health statistics?].

PMID- 6828179
TI  - [The too rapidly growing head].

PMID- 6828180
TI  - [Oriental and occidental beriberi].

PMID- 6828181
TI  - [Preverbal logopedics].

PMID- 6828182
TI  - [Colon cleansing: a comparative study].

PMID- 6828183
TI  - [A follow-up study of the fate of young adults with hypertension].

PMID- 6828184
TI  - [Erosion of a head-neck prosthesis of the hip].

PMID- 6828185
TI  - [Current developments in the local-regional treatment of lung cancer].

PMID- 6828188
TI  - [On tinnitus, dry mouth, sore throat and things which won't go away].

PMID- 6828186
TI  - [Aprosodies: deviations in the affective use of language and the significance of
      disorders in the non-dominant hemisphere].

PMID- 6828187
TI  - [Pneumococcal infections: who will be considered for vaccination?].

PMID- 6828189
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis and family life: a study of problems and assistance].

PMID- 6828190
TI  - [Therapy compliance and plasma potassium level in patients treated with
      chlorthalidone].

PMID- 6828191
TI  - [The family physician and the IUD].

PMID- 6828192
TI  - [Developments and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with
      Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6828193
TI  - Intracoronary streptokinase improves outcome after acute myocardial infarction:
      fact or fancy?

PMID- 6828194
TI  - Smooth muscle tumors of the stomach: report of two unusual cases.

PMID- 6828195
TI  - Intra-coronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6828196
TI  - A comparative study of medical students' ethical reasoning.

PMID- 6828197
TI  - Pre-emptive post-partum stress reduction.

PMID- 6828199
TI  - Brucellosis: a case for concern. Case presentation.

PMID- 6828198
TI  - Animal rabies: Nebraska 1981.

PMID- 6828200
TI  - Cancer mortality: excess and trends in Nebraska.

PMID- 6828201
TI  - Severe hypoglycemia complicating disopyramide (Norpace) therapy. A case report.

PMID- 6828202
TI  - Effects of hyper- and hypoprolactinemia on glutamate decarboxylase activity in
      medial basal hypothalamus of male rat.
AB  - Haloperidol, sulpiride, domperidone and apomorphine, drugs which influence
      dopamine (DA) receptors and in turn prolactin (PRL) secretion have been shown to
      induce parallel changes in medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) glutamate
      decarboxylase (GAD) activity and serum PRL levels. The possibility that PRL may
      be involved in the effects of the drugs on MBH GAD activity is suggested in view
      of the evidence that hypophysectomy completely prevents drug-induced MBH GAD
      activity changes and that hyperprolactinemia by anterior pituitary homograft
      results in a significant, although small, change in the enzymatic activity.

PMID- 6828203
TI  - Circannual variations of TSH circadian rhythm parameters in the rat.
AB  - We had previously observed a circadian rhythm for serum TSH in male Sprague
      Dawley rats (under a 12-hour light-dark cycle, light off at 19.00 h). In the
      present work the parameters of this previously observed TSH rhythm were
      determined over a year on a monthly basis. A circadian rhythm was detected for
      each month except April. From month to month, the amplitudes and acrophases of
      these rhythms were not significantly different, and a circannual rhythm was only
      established for the mean TSH concentration over the 24-hour period (mean hormonal
      value). We conclude that there is a constant circadian pattern for serum TSH
      fluctuations superimposed on a small basal circannual rhythm of the mean hormonal
      value.

PMID- 6828204
TI  - Catecholestrogens affect catecholamine turnover rates in the anterior part of the
      mediobasal hypothalamus and medial preoptic area in the male and female castrated
      rat.
AB  - To study the interactions of catecholestrogens with the catecholamine system we
      estimated the catecholamine concentrations and turnover rates in the anterior
      part of the mediobasal hypothalamus (AMBH) and medial preoptic area (MPO)
      following 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (2-OHE2) or 2-hydroxyestrone (2-HOE1)
      treatment in castrated male and female rats. Serum concentrations of LH and
      prolactin were also measured. The turnover rates of catecholamines were
      calculated by monitoring the catecholamine loss 1 h after blocking the
      catecholamine synthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Dopamine, epinephrine and
      norepinephrine concentrations were measured by a radioenzymatic assay. In males,
      2-OHE2 (50 micrograms/kg) and 2-OHE1 (50 micrograms/kg) resulted in decreased
      serum LH values (p less than 0.05) 4 and 5 h after treatment. None of these 2
      hydroxylated estrogens were able to alter serum prolactin levels significantly.
      There was a decline in epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in the AMBH.
      The greatest change in catecholamine turnover rates in response to
      catecholestrogen treatment also occurred in the AMBH. 2-OHE2 and 2-OHE1 reduced
      turnover rates of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in the AMBH. Only the
      dopamine turnover rate was affected in the MPO, where it increased following 2
      OHE2 treatment. In females, only 2-OHE2 (50 micrograms/kg) was effective in
      decreasing serum LH (p less than 0.05) and increasing prolactin (p less than
      0.01) levels. Dopamine and epinephrine concentrations as well as their turnover
      rates declined in the AMBH after treatment with catecholestrogens. The
      concentration and turnover rate of epinephrine also decreased in the MPO. There
      was no significant change in norepinephrine concentration or turnover rate. It is
      suggested that 2-hydroxyestrogens are possibly involved in mechanisms which are
      inhibitory to LH secretion and stimulatory to prolactin release. These actions
      appear to be partly mediated by catecholamines.

PMID- 6828206
TI  - Bombesin stimulates growth hormone secretion from cultured bovine pituitary
      cells.
AB  - Bombesin-like peptides are present in the mammalian hypothalamus. It has
      previously been reported that synthetic bombesin elevates plasma growth hormone
      (GH) and prolactin (PRL) concentrations in rats. To investigate whether bombesin
      has a direct action on the pituitary gland we measured GH and PRL secretion from
      5-day cultures of bovine anterior pituitary cells. We compared the effects of
      bombesin with those of a previously described synthetic pentapeptide which
      releases rat GH in vitro (GHRP) and with the effects of acetylcholine which
      stimulates bovine GH secretion. Bombesin stimulated GH but not PRL secretion from
      pituitary cultures during 90-min incubations. Maximal stimulation to 157 +/- 16%
      of the control value was seen with 1.2 X 10(-7) M bombesin. Half-maximal
      stimulation occurred with 5 X 10(-9) M bombesin. The pentapeptide GHRP also
      stimulated GH but not PRL secretion. Maximal stimulation to 207 +/- 14% of the
      control value was seen with 1.3 X 10(-5) M GHRP. Half-maximal stimulation
      occurred with 10(-7) M GHRP. Acetylcholine stimulated secretion of both GH and
      PRL, both responses being abolished by the muscarinic antagonist atropine.
      Maximal stimulation with 10(-4) M acetylcholine was to 381 +/- 33% of the control
      value for GH and to 134 +/- 5% of the control value for PRL. The effects of
      bombesin and GHRP on GH secretion were not additive whilst the effects of both
      peptides were additive with those of acetylcholine. The data suggest that the
      synthetic GHRP peptide may possibly interact with native bombesin receptors on
      pituitary somatotrophs and that bombesin or a related peptide may act in vivo as
      a GH releasing factor.

PMID- 6828205
TI  - Inhibitory feedback effects of prolactin on its secretion involve central nervous
      system dopaminergic mediation.
AB  - Feedback regulation of basal and stimulated release of prolactin (Prl) was
      studied in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells and in adult male rats bearing
      right atrial catheters. Exposure of cell cultures to ovine (o) Prl, which does
      not crossreact in the radioimmunoassay for rat (r) Prl, did not affect rPrl
      release during in vitro incubations. oPrl, 4 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously into
      male rats 4 h previously, significantly suppressed basal rPrl levels and blunted
      the rPrl response to ether (2 min), cimetidine (25 mg/kg i.v.), thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (40 or 400 ng i.v.), or a low dose of metoclopramide (25
      micrograms/kg i.v.). At a higher dose of metoclopramide (500 micrograms/kg i.v.),
      no effect of oPrl could be observed. These data support the hypothesis that Prl
      feedback control occurs within the central nervous system rather than at the
      pituitary and involves predominantly, if not exclusively, a dopaminergic
      mechanism.

PMID- 6828207
TI  - Factors regulating levels of cortisol in cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys during
      acute and chronic hypercortisolemia.
AB  - Cortisol levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in
      ovariectomized, estrogen-treated monkeys during either prolonged
      hypercortisolemia or the more transient effects of a bolus injection of cortisol.
      Control (saline-treated) animals showed the expected diurnal rhythm in serum
      cortisol, but proportionately more cortisol was present in the CSF when serum
      levels were high (i.e. in the morning). Prolonged hypercortisolemia for up to 37
      days was produced by either thrice daily injections of cortisol itself or single
      daily injections of ACTH1-24 in the morning. Both treatments produced
      disproportionately larger amounts of cortisol in the CSF than in the serum, and
      the CSF/serum cortisol ratio was increased. Furthermore, prolonged ACTH treatment
      caused a marked elevation in CSF cortisol in afternoon samples taken at 16.30 h
      compared with those at 10.00 h, in the absence of a similar change in serum
      cortisol levels. The relative importance of entry and clearance of cortisol in
      the CSF in these conditions was studied in several ways. 'Free' cortisol levels
      in serum (determined by equilibrium dialysis) were equal to CSF cortisol levels
      in control monkeys, but were less than those in the CSF of hypercortisolemic
      animals. Entry of cortisol into CSF after a bolus injection was rapid, but,
      unlike serum, CSF cortisol levels did not decline significantly over a 70-min
      sampling period and the delayed clearance from the CSF could account for some of
      the effects seen during hypercortisolemia. Neither high levels of prolactin
      (which is elevated together with cortisol in 'stress'), induced by giving
      sulpiride, nor treatment with progesterone (which is also bound by corticosteroid
      binding globulin) altered the distribution of cortisol between blood and CSF. The
      concentrations of cortisol in the CSF therefore are regulated by factors
      influencing both its entry and clearance from the cerebral compartment. Neural
      tissues sensitive to cortisol are thus exposed to levels of this hormone that are
      both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those expected by direct
      extrapolation from serum levels.

PMID- 6828208
TI  - Release of LH in the female rat by olfactory stimuli. Effect of the removal of
      the vomeronasal organs or lesioning of the accessory olfactory bulbs.
AB  - The release of LH in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats exposed to male or
      female rats was studied. The concentration of LH in the serum was measured in
      blood samples obtained by an indwelling jugular cannula. A blood sample was taken
      at 12.00 h and then every hour up to 18.00 h following exposure to another rat on
      the opposite side of a double wire mesh screen. LH in the serum of control non
      exposed rats showed a small rise between 16.00 and 18.00 h as compared to earlier
      values. Rats exposed to intact or castrated male rats exhibited an enhanced
      release. Exposure to ovariectomized rats failed to induce any change in the
      release of LH but exposure to ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats produced a
      significant increase. No effect on LH release was seen in animals exposed to a
      female diestrous rat or to a pregnant rat. Rats exposed to an empty cage which
      had been soiled by housing a male rat for 3 days, showed an enhanced release of
      LH similar to those exposed to a cage containing the male rat, indicating the
      importance of olfactory stimuli in the response. Ovariectomized rats whose
      vomeronasal organs had been removed or whose accessory olfactory bulbs were
      lesioned, failed to show any effect on the release of LH when exposed to a male
      rat. It is concluded that olfactory stimuli arising from male or female rats are
      capable of modulating the release of LH in female rats and that perception of
      these stimuli involves the vomeronasal organ-accessory olfactory bulb system.

PMID- 6828209
TI  - Tryptophan feeding induces sensitivity to short daylengths in photorefractory
      hamsters.
AB  - The annual cycle of reproduction in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is
      characterized by gonadal regression in response to decreasing daylengths in fall.
      However, hamsters become refractory to the inhibitory effects of short daylengths
      in late winter when gonadal recrudescense occurs. Our results show that addition
      of tryptophan to the diet of photorefractory hamsters causes them to respond to
      short daylengths in a manner similar to photosensitive hamsters in winter.
      Similar tryptophan treatment did not influence testes weights and fat stores of
      hamsters maintained on long daylengths.

PMID- 6828210
TI  - Primary cultures from fetal rat brain incorporate [3H]-isoleucine and [3H]-valine
      into immunoprecipitable angiotensin II.
AB  - Primary cultures from fetal rat brain contain angiotensin II immunoreactivity in
      neurons. To study the origin of this immunoreactivity, primary cultures were
      incubated with [3H]-valine or [3H]-isoleucine. A time-dependent incorporation of
      radioactivity into immunoprecipitable angiotensin II was observed. Incubation of
      cultures with Captopril, an inhibitor of the converting enzyme, resulted in a
      significant inhibition of [3H]-valine incorporation into immunoreactive [3H]
      angiotensin II. These results demonstrate that primary cultures from fetal rat
      brain can synthesize an angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity and support a
      concept that angiotensin II may be synthesized in fetal rat brain.

PMID- 6828211
TI  - Diagnosis of acute nerve compression in the cat with high frequency nerve trains
      evoked responses.
AB  - High frequency nerve trains were evaluated from above and below the site of
      compression before, during, and after acute compression of the sciatic nerves of
      six adult cats. Acute nerve compression reduced the ability of axons to conduct
      high frequency impulse trains: the longer the compression, the lower the
      frequency of impulses that could be conducted through the region of compression
      without a decrement in latency and amplitude. Possible mechanisms for alterations
      of nerve trains and the possible clinical and experimental use of nerve trains
      analysis are discussed.

PMID- 6828214
TI  - Arachnoid cyst of the fourth ventricle manifesting normal pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6828213
TI  - Newly designed sterilization system for the operating microscope: a technical
      note.
AB  - A new sterilization system for the operating microscope is introduced. The
      system, which uses formaldehyde vapor, has three advantages: (a) Rapid
      sterilization can be achieved with the microscope in place in the operating room
      within one-half hour. (b) The lens assembly of the microscope is protected
      against damage through ammonia neutralization and fresh air ventilation. (c) The
      microscope can be used immediately after sterilization without unpleasant odor or
      irritation of the eyes and nose.

PMID- 6828212
TI  - Traumatic ophthalmic fistula simulating carotid-cavernous fistula.
AB  - In a patient with a penetrating lesion of the right orbit with proptosis and a
      bruit in this region, carotid angiography revealed an ophthalmic fistula between
      the ophthalmic artery and the superior ophthalmic vein. Three days after
      admission, the symptoms disappeared, and repeat angiography showed the
      spontaneous thrombosis of the fistula.

PMID- 6828215
TI  - Intradural chondroma: a case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 6828216
TI  - Case report: disorder of excessive somnolence due to central nervous system
      lymphoma.

PMID- 6828218
TI  - Melanotic schwannoma of the spinal cord.

PMID- 6828217
TI  - Arachnoiditis presenting as a cervical cord neoplasm: two case reports.
AB  - Neurological evaluation supplemented by myelography has been highly successful in
      diagnosing spinal cord tumors. Our experience shows that a widening of the cord
      on myelography is not always diagnostic of spinal cord tumors. Two patients who
      presented clinically with evidence of spinal cord tumor and had a widening of the
      cord on myelography were found to have severe cervical arachnoiditis without any
      evidence of intrinsic cord abnormality. Hence, cervical arachnoiditis should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord tumor on myelography.

PMID- 6828219
TI  - Isolation of retroviruses from human cancer.

PMID- 6828221
TI  - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the cerebral and systemic circulations of the
      dog.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a variety of properties suggesting that it may be a
      useful agent in the management of central nervous system trauma and stroke. The
      purpose of this investigation was to determine the systemic and cerebrovascular
      effects of varying doses of DMSO in a normal animal. Five mongrel dogs were
      subjected to a constant infusion of 100% DMSO at a rate of 4 g/kg/hour. Using the
      radioactive microsphere technique, we measured blood flow before giving DMSO and
      after 2, 4, 6, and 8 g of DMSO per kg had been infused. After 2 g/kg had been
      given, hemolysis was evident and the intravascular volume increased, resulting in
      a lowered hematocrit. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remained stable
      throughout the study. The total cerebral blood flow increased over 20% after a
      cumulative dose of 6 g/kg. Blood flow to the cerebellum and brain stem was
      unchanged, while flow to the caudate nuclei and cerebral hemispheres increased.
      There was a reduction in flow to the corpus callosum and spinal cord. DMSO caused
      an increase in the cardiac index accompanied by a large increase in the right and
      left ventricular blood flows, but a reduction in kidney flow. The relationship of
      this redistribution of blood flow, especially within the cerebrospinal axis, to
      the therapeutic effects of DMSO bears further investigation.

PMID- 6828220
TI  - Seizures during the immediate postoperative period.
AB  - Twenty-three of 538 patients undergoing elective craniotomy had a seizure within
      24 hours after operation. The lesion had been located extra-axially in 15
      patients and intra-axially in 8 patients. Except for 1 patient who had a parietal
      craniotomy for an arteriovenous malformation, all patients had a frontal or
      temporal exposure. Only 5 patients had a previous history of seizures. Adequate
      levels of anticonvulsant medication were not present in 19 of the 23 patients
      before operation. No major postoperative metabolic abnormalities were noted in
      any of the 23 patients. Thirteen of the 23 patients underwent computed tomography
      to evaluate the etiology of their seizures; none had a significant intracerebral
      or extracerebral hematoma. This review suggests that an early postoperative
      seizure is unlikely to be due to a postoperative hematoma or to metabolic
      abnormality. The most common association in this series was with inadequate
      anticonvulsant prophylaxis. An approach to postoperative seizure prophylaxis and
      management is presented.

PMID- 6828222
TI  - Mesothelial cell integrity of the subdural and arachnoid surfaces of the cat
      brain after exposure to neurosurgical irrigation fluids and air: a scanning
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - The mesothelial cell integrity of the subdural and arachnoid surfaces in the cat
      was investigated by scanning electron microscopy after exposure to different
      irrigation fluids used in neurosurgery, as well as after drying by air.
      Irrigation for 3 hours with Elliott's Solution B and Ringer's solution retained
      the morphology of the cells. After exposure to saline for the same time, the
      mesothelial cells appeared perforated and were sometimes detached from the
      underlying connective tissue. Exposure to air for 15 minutes induced extensive,
      probably irreversible, cell damage. After 5 minutes of exposure to hydrogen
      peroxide, most cells disappeared, revealing the underlying collagenous connective
      tissue. These mesothelial cell changes might be one cause of the formation of
      postoperative subdural adhesions. In previous studies, disturbance of the blood
      brain barrier was produced by those agents causing mesothelial cell damage. With
      hydrogen peroxide, widespread thrombosis occurred in leptomeningeal vessels
      supplying the cortex. Changes in these vessels can obviously be induced easily by
      fluids applied to the subdural space because of the close contact between the
      arachnoid and the adventitia of the vessels. This alternative should be
      considered in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 6828224
TI  - Anterior or posterior approach to the cervical spine: an anatomical and
      radiographic evaluation and comparison.
AB  - Both the anterior and the posterior approaches are used in the treatment of
      cervical radiculopathy. An evaluation of the advantages and limitations of each
      method as compared to the other was made in isolated cervical spine segments.
      With a posterior approach, a quarter to a half of the facet joint must be removed
      to unroot the neural foramen. Anterior osteophytes in the region of the
      uncovertebral joint are difficult to reach from posteriorly unless they are very
      large. Using an anterior approach the amount of root decompression is easily
      overestimated. The lateral limits of the decompression must be beyond direct
      visualization to equal that obtained posteriorly. Osteophytes in the region of
      the uncovertebral joints are easily reached. Because some roots leave the dural
      tube a significant distance above the interspace, a soft disc fragment may
      migrate out of the interspace and behind the body to compress the root. This
      fragment may be missed from the anterior approach unless the root anatomy is
      evaluated carefully. X-ray films were taken at each step of the surgical
      procedures and were compared. A final set was taken using radiopaque markers to
      identify key structures. Plain x-ray films of the cervical spine reflect few if
      any of the anatomical alterations accomplished by operation. Oblique x-ray films
      do not visualize the entrance of the anatomical foramen, and osteophytes seen on
      this view may be well anterior in the neural canal.

PMID- 6828223
TI  - Clinical indications for computer-assisted myelography.
AB  - Computer-assisted myelography (CAM) is a technique in which computed tomography
      (CT) is combined with the intrathecal administration of metrizamide to
      demonstrate the spinal cord and surrounding structures. This retrospective study
      of 139 CAMs performed at Emory University Hospital included 125 CAMs that were
      preceded by routine metrizamide myelography (secondary CAM). The remaining 14
      CAMs were primary studies without concomitant myelography. These CAMs and
      conventional myelograms were reviewed to provide indications for the use of CAM
      as a replacement for other radiodiagnostic studies or as an adjunct to
      radiological diagnosis. Eighty-one CAMs (58%) were positive for some pathological
      process. Of the 69 secondary CAMs demonstrating a pathological condition, 46
      (67%) revealed some aspect of the lesion not apparent on routine metrizamide
      myelography. In no case with positive myelography was CAM negative. However,
      conventional myelography often added valuable diagnostic information. Although
      high resolution CT has allowed limited visualization of the spinal cord, CAM is
      often indicated for cases in which diagnosis requires more definition of
      cervicomedullary, extradural, intradural, extramedullary, and intramedullary
      lesions. Our clinical review found CAM to be extremely useful in the diagnostic
      evaluation of pathological conditions involving the spine and spinal cord and
      suggests clinical indications for the use of CAM based upon selected illustrative
      cases. Furthermore, CAM seemed to be superior to other radiological procedures in
      certain instances, such as in cases of spinal dysraphism and in the evaluation of
      lesions at the foramen magnum. Until more experience is obtained using spinal CT
      and CAM, CAM should not replace myelography altogether. The present study
      indicates that, rather than replacing conventional CT and myelography, CAM should
      be used as a primary study in situations where it has been shown to be superior
      and as a complementary study when other neurodiagnostic examinations are
      equivocal or nondiagnostic.

PMID- 6828228
TI  - Post-traumatic acalculous cholecystitis on a neurosurgical service.
AB  - Post-traumatic acalculous cholecystitis is a potentially lethal complication that
      may develop in patients during hospitalization for trauma. Three case reports
      illustrate that obscuration of many early diagnostic symptoms and signs may make
      this complication particularly treacherous in the neurosurgical patient.
      Suspicion should be aroused by unexplained fever, leukocytosis, elevated serum
      bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase values, and developing intolerance to oral or
      tube feedings. There may be a rapid progression to signs of an acute abdominal
      condition. Symptoms are most likely to occur 1 week to 1 month after the episode
      of trauma. Patients of all ages are susceptible. Diagnosis is best confirmed by
      noninvasive iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary scanning accompanied by ultrasound
      or abdominal computed tomographic scanning. The treatment of choice is emergency
      cholecystectomy. The cause is most likely multifactorial and is probably related
      to hypotension, sepsis, or biliary stasis with subsequent cystic duct
      obstruction. Although this disease is rare, its incidence is apparently
      increasing, and a high index of suspicion is warranted in the neurosurgeon
      involved in the care of the biliary tract disorder.

PMID- 6828225
TI  - Althesin in the management of head injuries: a preliminary report.
AB  - The aggressive treatment of major craniocerebral trauma has received recent
      attention. Barbiturate administration has been beneficial in some cases of
      sustained, uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. One major disadvantage of
      pentobarbital narcosis is the long half-life of the drug (15 to 48 hours). We
      have used Althesin, an intravenous steroid anesthetic (alfaxalone and alfadolone
      acetate; Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., Greenford, Middlesex, England), in eight
      seriously head-injured patients. Althesin combines the theoretical advantages of
      pentobarbital in the management of head trauma with almost immediate
      reversibility (serum half-life, 1.6 minutes). Raised intracranial pressure and
      clinical outcome seem to be influenced favorably and the side effects are
      negligible when the drug is administered by continuous intravenous infusion over
      several days. Further study of this compound in the management of head trauma
      seems warranted.

PMID- 6828227
TI  - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after closed head injury.

PMID- 6828226
TI  - Subchoroidal trans-velum interpositum approach to mid-third ventricular tumors.
AB  - Our experience with the subchoroidal, trans-velum interpositum approach to mid
      3rd ventricular tumors is reviewed, and our operative technique is described.
      Excellent exposure of the mid-3rd ventricle is gained by opening the foramen of
      Monro posteriorly after dividing the septal vein and/or the thalamostriate vein
      from the ipsilateral internal cerebral vein. There has been no morbidity or
      mortality in eight successive cases. The principal advantage of this technique is
      that the fornix is preserved and memory function is not at risk.

PMID- 6828229
TI  - First European Seminar: Contrast Media in Radiology. Evaluation and perspective-
      a review.
AB  - The First European Seminar on Contrast Media in Radiology, organized by Prof. M.
      Amiel in Lyon in 1981, included the majority of the groups working in this field
      in Europe, as well as several specialists from other regions (United States,
      Japan, Australia). The results of this meeting are an updating of the "image
      creating" drugs. The dominant themes were toxicity problems and development
      adapted to progress in radiology.

PMID- 6828230
TI  - Posterior fossa epidural hematoma. A report of three cases diagnosed with
      computed tomography.
AB  - CT demonstrated posterior fossa epidural hematoma in three patients with head
      trauma in whom this diagnosis was not clinically apparent. No patient was in
      stupor or coma and no patient experienced a lucid interval. Only one patient had
      signs referable to the posterior fossa. Two patients had occipital skull fracture
      disclosed by plain radiographs. CT revealed a unilateral biconvex hematoma in two
      cases, and a bilateral hematoma with supratentorial extension in the third. All
      patients underwent suboccipital craniectomy and recovered. Therapeutic success in
      these cases was facilitated by early CT and the rapid disclosure of the
      unsuspected posterior fossa lesions. CT showing contiguous hematoma below and
      above the tentorium cerebelli after posterior head trauma is highly suggestive of
      epidural hematoma arising from the posterior fossa.

PMID- 6828231
TI  - Computed tomography of the sellar spine.
AB  - The authors report the CT scan findings in a case of sellar spine. This osseous
      spine which arises in the midline of the anterior aspect of the dorsum sellae and
      is directed toward the center of the sella turcica has already been described on
      specimens and on plain films but never on CT scans. The CT scan findings confirm
      the normal appearance of the surrounding structures.

PMID- 6828232
TI  - Cerebral computed tomography of ethylene glycol intoxication.

PMID- 6828235
TI  - The radiological diagnosis of cerebral venous angioma: cerebral angiography and
      computed tomography.
AB  - The angiographic and CT findings in seven cases of cerebral venous angioma are
      presented and analyzed. Two cases were also examined with dynamic CT. The
      radiological literature on the subject is reviewed and a new classification of
      cerebral venous angioma based on its pattern of drainage is proposed. It is
      concluded that with the use of thin slices and coronal cuts both the angioma and
      its pattern of venous drainage can be identified on CT in a high proportion of
      cases. In addition, with dynamic CT the specificity of CT in diagnosing cerebral
      venous angioma may further increase.

PMID- 6828233
TI  - Computed tomography of sarcoidosis of the optic nerve.

PMID- 6828236
TI  - Temporal comparative analysis of computed tomography with ultrasound for
      intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.
AB  - This study focuses on comparison of computed tomography and ultrasound in
      premature infants with intracranial hemorrhage and its complications. It was
      determined that close correlation (95%) exists between CT and ultrasound for
      evaluation of ventriculomegaly. Although there is reasonable correlation for the
      identification and localization of periventricular, intraventricular and
      choroidal hemorrhages, ultrasound defined such lesions at higher rates.
      Subarachnoid blood and periventricular edema were diagnosed better or exclusively
      by CT.

PMID- 6828238
TI  - The toxicity of non-ionic water-soluble monomeric and dimeric contrast media in
      selective vertebral angiography. An experimental study in rabbits.
AB  - Selective vertebral angiography was performed in 29 rabbits in order to compare
      the adverse effects of three monomeric (iopamidol, iopromide, metrizamide) and
      one dimeric (iodecol) non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium. The dose was 10 ml
      and the iodine concentration 350 mg/ml. Marked, but transitory changes were seen
      in the electrocardiographic and blood pressure recordings with all the contrast
      media. The monomers seemed to have a higher tendency than the dimer to cause
      spasm in the intracranial arteries, while the changes in the cardiovascular
      recordings were more marked with the dimer. One animal died and one animal
      developed a permanent neurological deficit following the injection of the dimer.
      All the other animals recovered completely and seemed quite unaffected within
      half an hour after completion of the experiment.

PMID- 6828237
TI  - Contrast enhanced brain CT. Comparison between iohexol and metrizoate.
AB  - The commonly used contrast medium metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral) or the new
      nonionic iohexol were injected intravenously for enhancement of cranial CT in a
      randomized double blind study. Each group consisted of 105 patients. No serious
      reactions occurred. Ten patients receiving metrizoate had minor reactions of
      mainly allergic type, whereas only one patient receiving iohexol reacted. No
      differences in enhancement efficiency could be observed.

PMID- 6828240
TI  - Dandy-Walker syndrome: diagnosis in utero by means of ultrasound and CT
      correlations.

PMID- 6828234
TI  - CT of the orbit: current status with high resolution computed tomography.

PMID- 6828241
TI  - Development of ganglioglioma in computed tomography.
AB  - A 2-year computed tomographic progress investigation in a young, female patient
      with a history of attacks over several years with final histological verification
      of ganglioglioma is presented. Although there are evidently no absolute
      pathognomonic signs of this rare intracranial tumor in the CT scan, together with
      the age of the patient, the tumor localization and the clinical history, CT
      findings can suggest the tentative diagnosis of a ganglioglioma pre-operatively.
      The case communicated here is so far the only one in the scanty CT literature on
      gangliogliomas in which the space-occupying development of this tumor (it was
      mainly cystic) could be exactly documented.

PMID- 6828239
TI  - CT in a case of intracranial penetration of a pencil. A case report.
AB  - A case is reported of an unusual foreign body, a pencil, penetrating the right
      temporal lobe through the squamous temporal bone in a fall. Wood has low
      attenuation coefficients, so that the appropriate CT examination includes
      multiple window settings to permit accurate assessment of bone fragment
      displacement as well as recognition of detached wood splinters. CT scanning and
      early surgery are important steps in the management of these injuries to reduce
      significantly the overall mortality as well as immediate and long term
      complications. The necessity for meticulous surgical technique when removing the
      foreign body is stressed as retained wood can not easily be visualized against
      the hypodense background due to postoperative changes.

PMID- 6828242
TI  - [Psychopathologic aspects of flight].

PMID- 6828243
TI  - [The use of an automatic device for recording the recovery time from auditory
      fatigue in flight personnel exposed to noise].
AB  - The results of a study conducted on individuals exposed to aeronautical
      environment noise (flight personnel, runway operators, mechanics etc.) are
      reported. A particular suprathreshold automatic audiometric technique, called
      P.A.T. (automatic Peyser test) was used because there was evidence that it was
      more trustworthy than other suprathreshold tests and because this test permits a
      graphic follow-up of the dynamic evolution of "uditive fatique" phenomenon. The
      conclusion is drawn with this method it is possible to evaluate more precisely
      both the entity of the damage and on possible suffering of Corti's organ in
      individuals exposed to noise, and the simplicity of the test is underlined.
      Moreover the test is advantageous because it can be done using the normal routine
      diagnostic apparatus.

PMID- 6828244
TI  - [Contaminating radionuclides of atmospheric origin. Metabolism and hazards to
      man].

PMID- 6828246
TI  - [Influenza: epidemiologic surveillance of Alitalia personnel in the autumn of
      1980].

PMID- 6828245
TI  - [Presence of antibodies against rubella virus in a sample of women of
      childbearing age].

PMID- 6828248
TI  - [Helicopter transport in medical and surgical emergencies].
AB  - A constant feature of medical emergencies is the need for maximum speed. The
      problem of the fast, effective, comfortable transport of the skin is becoming
      increasingly evident in a society where heavy traffic often paralyses main roads
      and the creation of well equipped hospitals encourages the transport of the sick
      over previously inconceivable distances. In this situation helicopter transport
      becomes a basic and irreplaceable factor in the public health service.

PMID- 6828247
TI  - [Problems in the emergency transport of the sick and severely injured by air].
AB  - Adequate and effective assistance in cases of serious illness or injury often
      depends on fast efficient reactions. Efficiency is increased if the time it takes
      to administer emergency treatment, however superficial, can be reduced and
      followed by rapid transport to properly equipped medical centres. It is therefore
      obvious that an airborne ambulance service, especially in certain situations
      (major disasters, accidents in isolated areas, etc.) is the most effective and at
      times the only possible solution.

PMID- 6828249
TI  - [Tomodensitometric studies in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Thirty-five patients with multiple sclerosis were examined with Computed
      Tomography of the brain. CT was normal in six cases (17%), plaques of low
      attenuations were shown in ten patients (29%), cerebral atrophy was present in
      twenty-five cases (71%). Four areas of contrast enhancement appeared in two
      patients (5%) after intravenous administration of ioide.

PMID- 6828252
TI  - [The Lasthenie de Ferjol syndrome. Description of a new clinical case].
AB  - After briefly reviewing the literature on the subject, the Authors describe a
      case of Lasthenie de Ferjol's syndrome. Its most outstanding feature is at first
      an unexplicable hypochromic iron-deficiency anaemia, later discovered to be due
      to repeat, self-induced blood letting on the basis of the patient's altered
      personality. An account is therefore given of the main events of the disease and
      the hysterical behaviour, which seems to lead the patient, day after day, to a
      real organic suicide.

PMID- 6828251
TI  - [Hypothyroid neuropathy. Description 2 cases].
AB  - Although neurological complications of hypothyroidism are well recognized, scanty
      data, to the best of our knowledge, are available about peripheral neuropathies
      in this condition. The electrographic studies so far performed are nearly all
      devoted to the well known association myxoedema-carpal tunnel syndrome. Our data
      concern two patients affected by neuropathy in hypothyroidism, presenting diffuse
      anomalies of electrographic parameters (motor and sensitive nerve conduction
      velocity, F-wave, H-reflex, H-index); and, in one of these cases, a marked
      segmental demyelination and axonal degenerations were disclosed by pathological
      examination of sural nerve (according to Dyck and Lambert, 1970; Shirabe and
      coll., 1975).

PMID- 6828250
TI  - [Therapy of multiple myeloma. Study of hospital patients: 81 cases in 16 years'
      observation].
AB  - The results achieved with different approaches of chemotherapy protocols applied
      to 81 patients affected by multiple mieloma and followed up for a duration of 16
      years in the geographical area pertaining to the Saronno County Hospital are
      presented. All the patients are divided into sub-groups, according to the type of
      treatment they required while being monitored over the years. Each single sub
      group is evaluated according to the following criteria: objective response to
      therapy; median survival rates; toxic effects due to drug exposure. The results
      are analyzed with reference to the most relevant literature on the matter. A
      comprehensive retrospective review of emerging data suggests an overlapping
      median survival--30 and 31 months--in patients given monochemotherapy as such as
      in those given polychemotherapy. Evidence is also made for a clearly meaningful
      increase of survival in treated patients compared with that of untreated ones.
      Median survival depends significantly on the initial stage of the disease. Both
      therapeutical effectiveness and toxicity are shown to be higher, in accordance
      with the current literature, in polychemotherapy which include vincristine-
      especially when a large tumor cell mass is pointed out--compared with therapy
      based on alkilating agents and prednisone.

PMID- 6828254
TI  - [The polycystic lung. Radiographic and radioisotope diagnosis].

PMID- 6828255
TI  - [Use of corticotherapy for the prevention of "radiation sickness" in patients
      subjected to cesium therapy for gynecologic neoplasms].
AB  - 193 patients treated at Genoa University's Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic for
      uterine and vaginal neoplasias by remote after-loading caesiotherapy have been
      studied. 100 patients were given 6-alpha-methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, a
      corticosteroid derivative, against "radiation disease". Only one patient had to
      interrupt the treatment as a result of side-effects of the drug and none of the
      patients showed ill effects traceable to ionising radiation, in contrast with
      those who only received caesiotherapy (22 out of 93 cases). Given the efficiency
      and special tolerance of this cortisone derivative, it would appear to be of
      practical use in the prophylaxis of radiation induced diseases in general.

PMID- 6828257
TI  - [Adaptation to chronic illness].
AB  - Physical illness is a frequent event in everyone's life and in most cases has no
      particular effect on the psychological structure of the individual. However in
      the case of serious chronic or disabling illnesses or those occurring at a
      delicate stage in psychological development, the repercussions may assume social
      practical, affective and existential dimensions. In its human dimension, illness
      represents a double existential breakdown, severing links with environment and
      body that typify a healthy man's existence. This breakdown gives rise to a
      certain number of painful feelings, mainly of anxiety in acute illness, mainly
      depressive in chronic illnes, in which the collapse of self-esteem and the
      compromised self-image appear to be definitive. Such feelings, partly connected
      directly to the illness and partly caused by the conflicts arising from that
      condition, in their turn activate a series of mechanisms and defensive behaviour
      patterns which explain certain incomprehensible attitudes often noted by doctors
      in their patients and which often hinder treatment.

PMID- 6828256
TI  - [Comparative study, on healthy volunteers, of the bioavailability of 2
      pharmaceutical formulations of oral cofosfolactamines. Trials between subjects].
AB  - The relative bioavailability of two drug-product formulations, aqueous suspension
      and tablets, of a fixed-dose combination of fosfomycin with amoxicillin
      (cophosfolactamine) has been comparatively studied in five healthy volunteers by
      means of a randomized within subjects experimental design. The plasmatic
      concentrations were consistent with the in vitro synergistic effects. The liquid
      formulation has a significantly higher bioavailability than that of the tablets.

PMID- 6828253
TI  - [Assessment of platelet survival before and after latero-lateral portacaval
      shunt].
AB  - On the basis of a group of 175 patients affected by liver cirrhosis and submitted
      to side-to-side porto-caval shunt, we have examined the presence of hypersplenism
      in 49.7% and its changes after splenectomy. In order to find out a suitable
      method to value the changes of the platelets, we observed platelet survival in
      seven patients either before or after porto-caval shunt. The results obtained
      encourage in affirming that: 1) Hypersplenism improves after a simple shunt. 2)
      Hypersplenism is not severe even if it persists with an open shunt. 3) The
      possible onset of shunt thrombosis worsens hypersplenism. 4) Platelet survival is
      surely effective in the study of hypersplenism.

PMID- 6828259
TI  - [Serum ferritin in rheumatoid arthritis: an acute phase protein or indication of
      iron deposits?].
AB  - Serum ferritin was determined in 24 menopausal women who did not have any iron
      metabolic disorders but were suffering from RA. We furthermore investigated its
      correlation to various clinical and laboratory indexes of activity. The
      regression analysis revealed significant coefficients of direct correlation
      between serum ferritin, ESR, and Ritchie's index as well as an indirect
      correlation to the hematic haemoglobin and to serum iron. These data would
      apparently be in agreement with the hypothesis that, during the course of RA,
      serum ferritin assumes the significance of an acute phase protein; nonetheless,
      in spite of this, these data would induce one to believe that the serum ferritin
      levels closely reflect that RES iron deposits, the extent of which is influenced
      by chronic phlogosis.

PMID- 6828261
TI  - Radiology rounds. Atelectasis.

PMID- 6828260
TI  - [Use and limitations of traditional contrast radiography in the diagnosis of
      renal parenchymal tumors].

PMID- 6828262
TI  - Scope of practice issues.

PMID- 6828264
TI  - A conceptual model for outcome assessment.
AB  - Nurse practitioners are concerned with demonstrating quality of care. Of the
      three variables which compose quality assessment, the third variable, outcome,
      provides the most direct and appropriate way to judge the nurse practitioner's
      special health orientation. Most studies have judged nurse practitioners' care
      based on medical standards and criteria. Starfield's conceptual model of outcome
      measures is health oriented. This model is a multi-dimensional health profile
      with categories that incorporate a longitudinal approach to outcome assessment.
      It allows for identification and evaluation of nursing effectiveness in primary
      care.

PMID- 6828263
TI  - Fetal alcohol syndrome and other alcohol-related birth defects.
AB  - This article focuses on the range of fetal anomalies associated with varied
      alcohol ingestion during pregnancy. A means for identifying women at risk for
      having infants with alcohol related birth defects and the more severe fetal
      alcohol syndrome are discussed. Primary methods for preventing these lasting
      birth defects are described for practitioners.

PMID- 6828258
TI  - [Renal glycosuria: dominant or recessive autosome anomaly? Mode of hereditary
      transmission based on the analysis of a 3-generation family tree].
AB  - Assessment of the pedigree of 7 persons in 3 generations showed that
      interpretation of the transmission modality of renal glycosuria may be influenced
      by the diagnostic criteria employed. Analysis of renal glucose curves and
      evaluation of glycosuria after an oral glucose tolerance test made it clear that
      albeit slight detects could be detected in family members who would be regarded
      as healthy according to the criteria of Marble. Distribution of the character
      pointed to dominant transmission, as opposed to the recessive autosomal
      transmission favoured in the literature. Variations in the clinical gravity of
      the tubular defect may be ascribable to a difference in the expressiveness of the
      abnormal gene or to genetic heterogeneity. Persons homozygous and heterozygous
      for the gene were present in the pedigree concerned.

PMID- 6828265
TI  - Intestinal parasites: diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
AB  - The incidence of intestinal parasite infection is on the increase in the United
      States due, in part, to the recent entry into this country of more than 500,000
      Southeast Asian refugees. Most symptoms of parasitic infections are nonspecific
      and many infected individuals are asymptomatic. Stool specimens are used to
      identify the specific organism. Treatment, which varies depending on the
      infecting organism, is presented. Patient education especially in the area of
      hygiene is important to prevent reinfection.

PMID- 6828266
TI  - The penicillins.

PMID- 6828267
TI  - Chronic anovulation syndrome and associated neoplasia.
AB  - Ovarian hormones have been implicated in a number of neoplastic conditions.
      Chronic anovulation syndrome, a spontaneous biologic experiment of unopposed
      secretion of estrogen by the ovaries, was identified in a cohort of 1270
      patients, and the risk of these patients having neoplasia was studied. Of the
      1270 patients studied, 30 had a subsequent malignancy develop; the expected
      number was 29.8. When the individual types of subsequent malignancy were
      analyzed, the endometrium was the only site at increased risk. The relative risk
      of developing carcinoma of the endometrium after the diagnosis of chronic
      anovulation syndrome is 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 7.3). The long-term
      risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium might be considered when
      treating patients who have this syndrome.

PMID- 6828268
TI  - Management of regional lymph nodes and their prognostic influence in vulvar
      cancer.
AB  - One hundred thirteen patients with invasive carcinoma of the vulva underwent
      radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy between 1957
      and 1978. Eighteen had unilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thirty-one patients
      (27.4%) had positive lymph nodes. The corrected actuarial five-year survival for
      patients with negative nodes was 96%, whereas it was 94% for patients with one
      positive node, 80% for those with two positive nodes, and 12% for those with
      three or more positive nodes. All patients with positive pelvic nodes or pelvic
      recurrence had three or more positive unilateral groin nodes, and all had
      palpably suspicious groin nodes preoperatively. Groin and systemic recurrences
      occurred in 2.9 and 3.8%, respectively, of patients with fewer than three
      positive unilateral inguinal-femoral nodes, as compared to 33 and 66%,
      respectively, of patients with three or more positive nodes. These data do not
      support routine pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients who have no clinically
      suspicious groin nodes and fewer than three positive nodes on histologic
      examination.

PMID- 6828269
TI  - Primary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with stage III or IV invasive epithelial carcinoma of the
      ovary underwent primary cytoreductive surgery at UCLA during the five-year period
      1974 to 1979. Optimal cytoreduction (defined as largest residual tumor mass 1.5
      cm or less in diameter) was achieved in 31 patients (66%), including ten of 14
      (71%) who underwent laparotomy and biopsy before referral. Median survival for
      the suboptimal group was six months, compared with 18 months for patients whose
      largest residual disease was 0.5 to 1.5 cm, and 40 months if residual nodules
      were less than 0.5 cm (P less than .001). All patients in the suboptimal group
      died of disease from 22 months to seven years and four months postoperatively.
      Given the limited ability of chemotherapy to cure ovarian cancer, and the
      acceptable morbidity of extended operation, the availability of ideal initial
      surgical effort for patients with advanced stage disease may be the most
      important variable in current ovarian cancer care. Optimal cytoreduction is most
      effective in prolonging survival in patients first seen without clinical ascites
      or large metastatic disease.

PMID- 6828270
TI  - Appendectomy in the surgical treatment of endometriosis.
AB  - To address the question of when to perform an appendectomy in the surgical
      treatment of endometriosis, a series of 500 consecutive appendectomies was
      reviewed. In 104 patients with pelvic endometriosis who were undergoing
      appendectomy, the appendix was a relatively common (13%) extragenital site of
      endometriosis. Gross inspection of the appendix is not sufficient to exclude
      endometriosis, as 38% of appendices with histologic evidence of endometriosis had
      a normal appearance. Patient age and the severity of endometriosis do not appear
      to be risk factors for appendiceal involvement. No increased postoperative
      morbidity was demonstrated in 65 patients who had an appendectomy when compared
      with a similar group of 60 patients who did not have an appendectomy. The study
      supports 1) removal of the appendix in patients undergoing noninfertility surgery
      for endometriosis, as a high prevalence of occult endometriosis was observed in
      this group; and 2) excision of an abnormal appendix in patients with
      endometriosis during infertility surgery although appendectomy for occult
      involvement is not supported in this group.

PMID- 6828272
TI  - Therapeutic effects of spironolactone in polycystic ovary syndrome.
AB  - The authors examined the effect of three months' treatment with spironolactone in
      34 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In all patients a significant decrease
      in hirsutism was noted as well as restoration of a regular although anovulatory
      menstrual pattern. Plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
      levels remained unchanged after spironolactone treatment; however, prolactin
      levels were lowered in both women with normal and those with elevated basal
      levels. Plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
      levels were decreased after three months of therapy. No side effects were
      observed. Plasma electrolytes and liver function tests were normal during the
      entire time of treatment. This therapy is recommended as initial nontoxic but
      effective treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome who are hirsute and
      have menstrual disturbances.

PMID- 6828271
TI  - Direct diagnosis of unruptured ectopic pregnancy by real-time ultrasonography.
AB  - Real-time sonography was used in a prospective study of 32 patients as the sole
      diagnostic parameter for ectopic pregnancy. The minimal finding for diagnosis was
      an identifiable gestational sac with a circular pattern of echoes. Neither the
      presence or absence of an intrauterine sac nor the knowledge of either a positive
      or negative pregnancy test was used in the diagnosis. Among the 32 study
      patients, the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made by sonography in nine
      (28.4%). Follow-up surgery confirmed the diagnosis in eight (89%). Among 23
      patients with negative findings on sonography, only one was found on follow-up to
      have an ectopic pregnancy, for a 96% diagnostic accuracy for the negative group.
      Thus, of 32 patients with the potential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, 30 (94%)
      were correctly diagnosed using real-time sonography alone.

PMID- 6828276
TI  - Fetal sex determination by ultrasound scan in the second and third trimesters.
AB  - Sector real-time ultrasound examinations of the fetal perineal area were done on
      fetuses ranging in age from 14 weeks to term. An attempt was made to determine
      fetal sex in 404 consecutive cases. Seventeen cases were lost to follow-up and 20
      fetuses under 16 weeks of age were omitted, as only two predictions were made in
      this group. The fetal sex was predicted in 266 of the remaining 367 fetuses with
      93% accuracy. In this series, 194 fetuses were less than 24 weeks of age; within
      this group, 118 predictions were made with an accuracy rate of 86%.

PMID- 6828274
TI  - Assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity by the Lumadex Foam Stability Index Test.
AB  - The authors describe the operational features and performance characteristics of
      a new commercial kit designed to measure the amount and functionality of amniotic
      fluid surfactant. This kit, the Lumadex-FSI Test, is based upon the manual foam
      stability index test. The test requires no more than 3.0 ml of centrifuged
      amniotic fluid. Initial experience based on 172 specimens, including 19 cases of
      neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), revealed the Lumadex-FSI Test to
      have excellent discriminating ability in predicting the likelihood of RDS. In 18
      of 19 cases in which RDS was noted, the foam stability index was 46 or less. A
      foam stability index of 47 or above was associated in 133 of 134 cases with fetal
      pulmonary maturity. Based upon contamination studies with maternal serum and
      meconium, the authors observed that a 1% contamination with blood, or 4%
      contamination with meconium, would artifactually increase the Lumadex-FSI value.
      The Lumadex-FSI Test demonstrated a clinical reliability similar to that of the
      manual foam stability index procedure, in addition to making the test simpler,
      faster, and more accessible to the clinician, in whose hands this test will have
      unique input into the management of high-risk pregnancies.

PMID- 6828273
TI  - Clinical measures of gestational age in normal pregnancies.
AB  - Obstetric findings in 89 healthy women were evaluated prospectively by one
      obstetrician unaware of menstrual history. With weekly examinations, fetal heart
      tones were audible by fetoscope at 17.1 +/- 1.1 weeks' gestation (mean +/- SD)
      and the fundus reached the umbilicus at 16.6 +/- 0.9 weeks. At 20 to 31 weeks,
      fundal height in centimeters equaled weeks' gestation (confidence interval: +/- 3
      weeks). The accuracy of predicting delivery date from combined findings (SD: 11.4
      days) approached that from reliable menstrual history (SD: 10.2 days).
      Gestational age at delivery minus the pediatric Dubowitz estimate was 0.4 +/- 1.7
      weeks. Gestational age may be overestimated by up to six weeks by assuming that
      the fundus reaches the umbilicus or that fetal heart tones appear at 20 weeks.
      However, carefully derived obstetric estimates potentially may be more reliable
      than pediatric estimates.

PMID- 6828275
TI  - A controlled study of amniotic fluid immunoglobulin levels in intraamniotic
      infection.
AB  - The authors studied the levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the amniotic fluid of
      46 patients with intraamniotic infection and of 46 matched controls. Amniotic
      fluid was collected through a transcervical intrauterine catheter. All infected
      patients had clinical signs of intraamniotic infection and at least 10(2) colony
      forming units/milliliter of a high-virulence organism. None of the controls
      became infected. The matching criteria were gestational age, labor, interval from
      rupture of the membranes to delivery, and interval from rupture of the membranes
      to amniotic fluid collection. The authors tested each amniotic fluid sample for
      immunoglobulins G, M, and A by a single radial immunodiffusion technique. The
      mean IgG level in amniotic fluid for the intraamniotic infection group was 33.9
      +/- 38.5 mg/dl, and the mean level for the control group was 17.9 +/- 11.1 mg/dl.
      The authors concluded that the mean IgG level in amniotic fluid from patients
      with intraamniotic infection is significantly higher than in controls (P less
      than .02).

PMID- 6828279
TI  - Fetal scalp temperature during labor and its relation to acid-base balance and
      condition of the newborn.
AB  - Fetal scalp temperature and fetal-maternal temperature gradient were studied
      during well-established labor in a group of 97 patients using a technique that
      ensured at the same time the adhesion and the thermal insulation of the probe. In
      78 infants with a one-minute Apgar score of 7 or above, a positive gradient of
      0.2C was maintained throughout labor between the warmer fetal scalp temperature
      (37.3C) and the maternal rectal temperature. Periodic drops of temperature
      related to the uterine contractions occurred in only 43% of the cases. In a group
      of ten infants with a one-minute Apgar score of 6 or below, the fetal-maternal
      gradient was significantly different from this schema. There was an inversion of
      the gradient, the fetal scalp temperature becoming cooler (36.9C) than the
      maternal rectal temperature. The gradient was -0.2C at the beginning of the study
      and -0.5C 20 minutes before delivery. Periodic drops of temperature with uterine
      contractions were constant. In dead fetuses, fetal scalp temperature was much
      below that of the mother and this difference increased steadily until delivery. A
      good relationship was found between fetal-maternal gradient and the pH of the
      umbilical artery blood sampled at birth. When the mean gradient was 0.2C +/- 1
      SD, pH averaged 7.27; in the group below 1 SD, mean pH was 7.19 (P less than
      .01).

PMID- 6828278
TI  - Selective management of abruptio placentae: a prospective study.
AB  - Antenatal diagnosis and selective management of abruptio placentae were studied
      prospectively over a 17-month period. Diagnosis was confirmed by placental
      inspection in 59 (1.3%) of 4545 deliveries. Among the 50 patients admitted with a
      living fetus, the diagnosis was made antenatally in 31 (62%). Fifteen were
      delivered vaginally and 16 by cesarean section. When these infants were compared
      to all other liveborn infants delivered during this period using a weight
      adjusted chi 2 analysis, no significant difference was found in neonatal
      mortality or duration of hospitalization. There was a significant increase in the
      incidence of both respiratory distress syndrome and low Apgar scores among the
      study infants (P less than .005), but these increases were not correlated with
      mode of delivery or diagnosis-to-delivery interval. It is concluded that optimal
      fetal survival and an acceptable cesarean section rate may be obtained by
      selective management, especially in infants weighing more than 1500 g.

PMID- 6828277
TI  - Single-dose ampicillin for cesarean section prophylaxis.
AB  - A single 2-g dose of ampicillin or a placebo identical in appearance was
      administered intravenously in a randomized, prospective, double-blind manner to
      71 patients undergoing cesarean section. The solutions were given either on call
      to the operating room or during the intraoperative period. Postoperative
      morbidity from infection occurred in 59.4% of patients receiving placebo and in
      14.7% of those receiving ampicillin (P less than .0001). In those individuals
      undergoing primary cesarean section the incidence of infection with placebo was
      65% and with ampicillin 6.3% (P less than .0004). In patients undergoing repeat
      cesarean section the incidence was 53% in the placebo group and 22% in the
      treatment group (P greater than .05). There were no differences in the
      effectiveness of the drug whether given preoperatively or intraoperatively.
      Serious infections and wound infections were not encountered in patients
      receiving ampicillin.

PMID- 6828280
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in the pregnant sheep.
AB  - Caffeine citrate in doses of 6.96 mg/kg (equivalent to 3.50 mg/kg of caffeine) of
      combined maternal and fetal weight and 69.6 mg/kg (35.0 mg/kg of caffeine) was
      administered in 1-dl solutions intravenously over ten minutes to chronically
      prepared pregnant sheep. The ewes and their fetuses were monitored for
      cardiovascular and acid-base status. The mean maternal and fetal caffeine
      concentrations were simultaneously evaluated with a two-compartment
      pharmacokinetic model. Fetal concentrations in excess of 80% of maternal
      concentrations were rapidly achieved and maintained. Caffeine was undetectable in
      all the maternal and fetal samples obtained 48 hours after the infusion. Both
      doses caused similar but slight reductions in uterine blood flow without
      adversely affecting fetal and maternal acid-base status. Only the higher
      concentration of the drug produced a significant maternal and fetal tachycardia.
      The high fetal concentrations of caffeine were believed to be responsible for the
      persistent fetal tachycardia.

PMID- 6828281
TI  - Carcinogenic potential of in vitro carbon dioxide laser exposure of fibroblast.
AB  - Increasing clinical use of the CO2 laser in gynecology has been valuable for both
      external genital and internal reproductive problems. Long-term safety effects of
      the CO2 laser are investigated in the present study. Fibroblasts grown in tissue
      culture were exposed to the CO2 laser. They were then grown for nine future
      generations and scored for possible malignant transformation. Results of the
      study show that the CO2 laser does not produce a greater incidence of malignant
      transformation than normal controls. Therefore, in laboratory cells, the CO2
      laser appears to be noncarcinogenic.

PMID- 6828284
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of ectopia cordis.

PMID- 6828282
TI  - Grief in the perinatal period.
AB  - The loss or threatened loss of an infant in the perinatal period is a tragic
      event. The practitioner often feels helpless in trying to ease the family's
      grief. Based on crisis intervention and grief theory, a protocol is suggested for
      preparing families and presenting them with the tragic news concerning their
      baby. Suggested interventions for the couple at the time of delivery and a
      discussion of the needs of other family members are presented. Preparing the
      family for discharge from the hospital and follow-up are also discussed.

PMID- 6828285
TI  - Medicine and politics. The annual checkup.

PMID- 6828283
TI  - Congenital hypofibrinogenemia and recurrent placental abruption.
AB  - A 32-year-old white woman with a history of 2 episodes of abruptio placentae was
      found to have congenital hypofibrinogenemia. She had no bleeding difficulties
      except when pregnant. The patient's sisters and her mother also had reduced
      fibrinogen levels. Results of fibrinogen measurement by clotting assays and
      immunologic studies were similar. Immunoelectrophoresis, molecular weight of
      fibrinogen chains, cross-linking by factor XIII, carbohydrate staining, and
      sialic acid quantitation were all normal, suggesting the diagnosis of
      hypofibrinogenemia rather than dysfibrinogenemia. Fibrinolysis did not account
      for the reduced fibrinogen level. This case demonstrates that congenital low
      fibrinogen levels may be associated with placental abruption and that an abnormal
      fibrinogen molecule is not necessary.

PMID- 6828287
TI  - Ferritin as a chronobiological marker in immunoproliferative diseases.

PMID- 6828286
TI  - Clinical correlates of circulating immune complex levels in advanced lung cancer.
      A discrimination analysis.
AB  - Sera from 53 patients with unresectable lung cancer were tested for the presence
      of immune complexes by 12 assays. 5 assays (EA rosette inhibition, ADCC
      inhibition, platelet aggregation, IgG and C3 concentrations in PEG precipitates)
      could discriminate cancer patients from healthy subjects with over 80%
      reliability. On the basis of 3 assays (EA-I, ADCC-I and PEG-C3) a function
      allowing a 100% correct classification could be formulated:--(EA-I)--0.5 (ADCC-I)
      + 2.4 (PEG-C3) greater than 69.3, i.e., results higher than 69.3 are
      characteristic for cancer patients and lower than 69.3 for normal subjects. The
      relationship between the immune complex levels and the average survival time was
      not altered by sex, age, histology and treatment. None of the immune complex
      assays or their combination were useful for the estimation of individual life
      expectation.

PMID- 6828291
TI  - Mathematical modelling of growth kinetics of Walker 256 carcinoma in rats.

PMID- 6828288
TI  - Combination therapy of radiation and immunomodulators in the treatment of MM46
      tumor transplanted in C3H/He mice.
AB  - Female C3H/He mice aged 10 weeks with transplanted MM46 tumor were used in an
      investigation of the timing of administration of immunomodulators, such as PSK (a
      protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from Coriolus versicolor), OK-432
      (streptococcal preparation), bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidase B) combined
      with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rad. The
      daily dose of 250 mg/kg of PSK, 1.0 KE/mouse of OK-432, or 300 micrograms/mouse
      of bestatin were injected intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive days before or
      after irradiation. The antitumor effect was evaluated by the changes of tumor
      volume and survival curves. When PSK or OK-432 was administered after
      irradiation, tumor growth was decreased and 60-day survival rate and survival
      curve were significantly elongated compared with the control group and the group
      to which PSK or OK-432 were administered before irradiation (p less than 0.025, p
      less than 0.05, respectively). As for bestatin, no remarkable difference was
      observed irrespective of the timing of administration. These results suggested
      that some immunomodulators show different antitumor activity depending on the
      combined timing relative to radiotherapy.

PMID- 6828290
TI  - Influence of adriamycin on growth kinetics of Lewis lung carcinoma and its lung
      metastases.
AB  - Using a Gompertzian pharmacodynamic model, we have studied the changes induced by
      graded doses of adriamycin (AM) on the growth of intramuscular Lewis lung
      carcinoma (3LL) and its lung metastases in C57Bl/6 mice. An interpretation of the
      drug's effects on free growth of the tumor cells is given in the Appendix. Unlike
      other tumors (1-6), in which AM treatment induces no long-term change in growth
      parameters, in the 3LL model after an initial phase of inhibited growth following
      treatment with AM, the theoretically attainable plateau value is lowered. This is
      dose dependent for the primary tumor and even more so for metastases. In order to
      investigate whether the drug effect was irreversible or whether the host's
      weakened condition was a factor in the altered growth conditions, the tumor and
      its metastases were removed from AM-treated mice and transplanted in healthy
      animals in which its growth was then observed over time. For transplants of the
      primary intramuscular tumor no differences could be seen between treated and
      nontreated mice, but for the metastases the growth was markedly slowed. However,
      after a 'lag' period, the tumors arising from metastases returned to a growth
      pattern whose kinetic parameters, analyzed statistically, were not different from
      controls.

PMID- 6828289
TI  - Delay of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in rats by carrot feeding.
AB  - Carcinogenesis and death caused by diethylnitrosamine(DENA)-induced hepatomas in
      Sprague Dawley rats can be significantly delayed by feeding only carrots for
      several days a week. As this result is not obtained by supplementing food with
      even higher concentrations of synthetic beta-carotene, there must be several
      other factors which--together with the carotenoid--contribute to the positive
      effect. Several other possibilities such as effects of fasting, direct
      interactions with the carcinogen, resorption, vitamin A storage in the liver,
      etc., are proposed and discussed.

PMID- 6828292
TI  - Growth inhibitory activity of succinylacetone: studies with Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma, Novikoff hepatoma and L1210 leukemia.
AB  - Succinylacetone (SA, 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) inhibits d-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydrase, the second enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway and thereby
      inhibits heme biosynthesis. In the present study SA is shown to inhibit the
      growth of the Walker carcinosarcoma (W256) in vitro and in vivo, the Novikoff
      hepatoma in vivo, and L1210 leukemia in vitro, but only slightly in vivo. Rats
      can tolerate significantly larger doses of SA for at least twice as long as were
      administered in the present study without gross evidence of toxicity. In contrast
      to findings in previously published studies with murine erythroleukemia cells,
      the inhibition of growth of L1210 and W256 cells by SA in vitro is not
      accompanied by a decrease in cellular heme and is not reversed by addition of
      hematin to the medium. This suggests a second mechanism of growth inhibition of
      tumor cells unrelated to heme biosynthesis. Although the growth of both W256 and
      L1210 cells was markedly inhibited by the same concentration of SA in culture,
      there was a great difference in responsiveness in vivo, in that much greater
      inhibition of the growth of the Walker tumor was produced by SA.

PMID- 6828293
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in muscles of tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 6828294
TI  - The changing pattern of recurrence in oestrogen positive and negative breast
      cancer with nodal spread, related to efferent vascular invasion.
AB  - In a series of 50 cases of node-positive breast carcinoma, 11 of 26 of those with
      efferent vascular invasion (EVI) in the axillary nodes at the time of operation
      were dead 3 years later, in contrast to 1 of 24 EVI-negative. Recurrence within
      the 1st year was more common in the cases with an oestrogen receptor (ER)
      negative primary, but by the 3rd year this trend had reversed, and there were
      more recurrences in the ER-positive. While recurrence and death came earlier in
      EVI + ER - cases, the EVI + ER + followed soon after. Next came recurrence and
      death in the EVI - ER +, while there have been no deaths to date in the EVI - ER 
      . A model is proposed to explain the timing of recurrence in these different
      groups.

PMID- 6828295
TI  - Incontinence of urine and stool following treatment in infancy for embryonal
      rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - A vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma which occurred in an 11-month-old infant was treated
      with conservative surgical excision, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The long
      term sequelae of this therapy included rectal stenosis, which required surgical
      correction, and urinary incontinence. The patient may have had fewer long-term
      complications if a more aggressive surgical procedure had been performed at the
      time of diagnosis because a gross and microscopically complete excision would
      have obviated the need of postoperative pelvic irradiation. Strong consideration
      of total surgical excision should be given to infants with pelvic
      rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 6828298
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of a shearing lens 31 months after implantation.

PMID- 6828297
TI  - Maintenance of mydriasis with epinephrine during cataract surgery.
AB  - The pupillary response to various doses of intraocular epinephrine (0.1 ml of
      1:16,000, 1:32,000, 1:64,000, 1:80,000, or 1:96,000) was studied in 55
      consecutive patients during extracapsular cataract surgery. The 1:16,000
      epinephrine concentration provided a mean 0.74 mm increase in pupil diameter
      (range 0.0 to 1.7 mm) when administered to re-dilate the pupil after nucleus
      expression. The mean increase in pupil area with 1:16,000 epinephrine was 27%
      which greatly facilitated removal of lens cortex in most cases. However, 25% of
      all pupils failed to dilate with epinephrine 1:16,000. The other concentrations
      provided essentially the same mydriasis as the 1:16,000 concentration. Pupils
      smaller than 6 mm dilated more easily than pupils larger than 6 mm. Iris color,
      age, or sex had no significant effect on the mydriatic response. It is concluded
      that an extremely dilute concentration of epinephrine (i.e., 1:96,000 or less)
      may be effective in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

PMID- 6828300
TI  - Loss of lashes with ptosis surgery.

PMID- 6828299
TI  - Proliferation of fibroblast-like cells on failing intraocular lenses.
AB  - The process of reactivation and multifocal proliferation of fibroblast-like cells
      near giant cells on the surface of a well-developed cellular membrane covering a
      Choyce anterior chamber lens implant is described histologically in an eye that
      had a good surgical result at first and later developed bullous keratopathy,
      corneal ulceration, and final rupture three years following surgery. This is
      compared with another eye with a late stage of scar-formation surrounding a
      Choyce implant two and a half years after implantation with severe complications.
      Details of lens implant cytology are demonstrated and discussed.

PMID- 6828301
TI  - Marsupialization of a lacrimal gland cyst.
AB  - A lacrimal gland cyst developed as a late complication of Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome. The mass produced mechanical ptosis and became secondarily infected.
      Obstruction of lacrimal secretions contributed to a quantitative tear deficiency
      and epithelial erosions of the cornea. The mass and the keratoconjunctivitis
      sicca were successfully managed by marsupialization of the cyst wall.

PMID- 6828302
TI  - A mask strip to prevent fogging of glasses at surgery.
AB  - A device to prevent the surgeon's eyeglasses and instrument eyepieces from
      fogging is described. It consists of a double adhesive-faced tape strip that is
      placed along the upper border of the surgical mask so that it adheres to the mask
      and to the face, preventing the upward passage of moist air.

PMID- 6828296
TI  - Quantitative endothelial biomicroscopy.
AB  - Twenty patients were evaluated by quantitative endothelial biomicroscopy and the
      resulting endothelial cell densities compared with those from a specular
      microscope. Estimated cell densities by this technique, when compared with the
      specular microscope, demonstrated a Pearson correlation coefficient of +0.977, an
      average error of -7% and an absolute error of 12%. There were no errors greater
      than 26% except for one extremely low cell density of 318 cells/mm2 for which the
      estimate was 476 cells/mm2. This rapid, inexpensive technique requires counting
      the number of endothelial cells seen across the horizontal diameter of the 0.2-mm
      projected spot beam of a standard biomicroscope. From this count and the known
      spot size the endothelial cell density may be accurately calculated. A simplified
      four-step technique for performing specular microscopy using only the standard
      biomicroscope and a method for accurately measuring the size of the projected
      slit lamp spot beam are explained.

PMID- 6828303
TI  - Ocular toxicity of antineoplastic agents.
AB  - The increased use of chemotherapeutic agents has resulted in longer patient
      survival; consequently, the ophthalmologist is seeing more patients with adverse
      ocular side effects secondary to these antineoplastic agents. Many of these drugs
      cause aggravating ocular irritation (fluorouracil, methotrexate), canalicular
      fibrosis with epiphora (fluorouracil), retinopathy (mitotane, tamoxifen), corneal
      opacities (tamoxifen), cataracts (busulfan, methotrexate), and optic or ocular
      motor abnormalities (carmustine, vinblastine, vincristine). Based on the data in
      the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects and the literature,
      adverse ocular reactions of the more commonly used chemotherapeutic agents are
      reviewed.

PMID- 6828305
TI  - Retinal pigment epithelial hamartoma.

PMID- 6828306
TI  - Ocular injuries sustained during blunt facial trauma.
AB  - Ocular and adnexal injuries frequently occur during blunt facial trauma but the
      actual incidence and visual consequence of these injuries have not been
      heretofore established in any large series. Our review of 1,436 cases of
      maxillofacial trauma presenting from 1973-1980 outlines the types of fractures,
      associated specific ocular injuries, and their visual significance. Fifty-one
      percent (727) of these patients received complete ophthalmologic examination and
      67% of these sustained ocular injuries. Seventy-nine percent of the eye injuries
      were categorized as temporary, 18% were serious, and 3% were blinding. The
      positive yield for eye injuries approached or exceeded 60% in nasal, midface, and
      frontal fractures. These data provide concrete evidence for placing high priority
      on ophthalmologic consultation in all cases of maxillofacial trauma.

PMID- 6828304
TI  - Ocular copper deposition associated with pulmonary carcinoma, IgG monoclonal
      gammopathy and hypercupremia. A clinicopathologic correlation.
AB  - Hypercupremia with central deposition of copper in Descemet's membrane and lens
      capsule has been reported previously in lymphoproliferative disorders in two
      cases. A 60-year-old white man presented with visual acuity loss and was found to
      have an iridescent brown corneal and lenticular discoloration. Laboratory
      investigation revealed hypercupremia secondary to a poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma of the lung. Presence of copper in the eye was confirmed by
      specific atomic absorption spectra and histochemical stains of ocular tissue.
      This appears to be the first report of a carcinoma with associated hypercupremia
      presenting initially with ocular copper deposition.

PMID- 6828307
TI  - Thirty-year history of sympathetic ophthalmia.
AB  - A spontaneous corneal perforation followed by granulomatous uveitis occurred in a
      10-month-old female infant with bilateral anterior segment anomalies. The
      histopathologic findings in the enucleated right eye and the 30-year course of
      intraocular inflammation in her left eye are consistent with sympathetic
      ophthalmia. This case illustrates that sympathetic ophthalmia can be overlooked
      for years unless the diagnosis is considered and periodic anterior segment
      biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy are performed in patients who have had
      perforating ocular injuries. A lensectomy-vitrectomy procedure was successful in
      restoring ambulatory vision in this patient.

PMID- 6828308
TI  - Light and electron microscopic study of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in sympathetic
      ophthalmia.
AB  - A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken in an effort to establish
      the origin of the "epithelioid" cells in Dalen-Fuchs nodules from an eye
      enucleated because of sympathetic ophthalmia. The nodules were visible as minute
      (130-160 microns), round, grayish-white mounds elevating the retinal pigment
      epithelium. Bruch's membrane appeared intact in all the sections examined. By
      electron microscopy the "epithelioid" cells had round to oval nuclei with
      abundant, relatively lucent cytoplasm containing parallel profiles of rough
      surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi lamellae, clusters of
      polyribosomes, and scattered mitochondria. Many interdigitations of the plasma
      membranes, some of which exhibited fascia adherens type attachments, were
      observed. Some cells within the nodules showed large membrane-bound phagosomes
      containing laminated structures. Other "epithelioid" cells displayed moderately
      electron dense membrane-bound granules that appeared to be early precursors of
      lipofuscin granules. Examination of the nodules under ultraviolet light showed
      myriad autofluorescent yellowish-orange dots consistent with lipofuscin.
      Additionally, a montage of electron micrographs from the edge of the nodule,
      coupled with the above findings, provided support to the concept proposed by
      Ishikawa and Ikui (1972) that the "epithelioid" cells in Dalen-Fuchs nodules
      represent transformed retinal pigment epithelial cells forming a cage-like
      framework within the nodule. This study also emphasizes the remarkable
      capabilities for differentiation by the retinal pigment epithelial cells.

PMID- 6828309
TI  - Elastodysplasia and elastodystrophy as the pathologic bases of ocular pterygia
      and pinguecula.
AB  - Specimens of normal conjunctiva from three adult patients were examined by
      electron microscopy, which revealed normal elastogenesis in the substantia
      propria, but more prominently, in the episcleral tissues. Ultrastructural
      examination of eight pterygia and three pinguecula also disclosed evidence of
      elastogenesis, but in these lesions the morphogenetic sequence of fiber formation
      was distorted, and the elastic fibers were abnormal. The zone of hyalinization of
      the substantia propria immediately beneath the epithelium was the only site that
      manifested clear-cut evidence of collagen degeneration, which assumed the forms
      of effacement of the longitudinal periodicity of the collagen fibers, and of
      microfibrillar unfurling of the ends of the collagen fibers. Fibroblastic
      activity and elastic fiber formation were inconspicuous in this region. Beneath
      the hyalinized zone were collections of eosinophilic granular material. This
      material was shown ultrastructurally to be composed of excessive numbers of
      hollow-centered microfibrils (an elastic fiber precursor), with a tendency to
      clump centrally in the larger aggregated sheets and to acquire electron-dense
      inclusions. Numerous fibroblasts were found within this material. Finally, the
      elastotic fibers of light microscopy represented an abnormal maturational phase
      of elastic fiber production. These abnormal elastic fibers had microfibrils at
      their peripheries, but numerous electron-dense inclusions were associated with
      focal zones of amorphous elastin deposition. Occasionally histiocytes appeared to
      be engulfing these abnormal fibers. We have concluded that a large component of
      pinguecula and pterygia is the result of newly synthesized elastic fiber
      precursors and abnormal maturational forms of elastic fibers (elastodysplasia)
      that undergo secondary degeneration (elastodystrophy). These structures are
      presumed to be elaborated by actinically damaged fibroblasts of the substantia
      propria.

PMID- 6828312
TI  - Ceruminous glands in otosclerosis. A histopathological and histochemical study.
AB  - The ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal skin of 20 patients
      suffering from otosclerosis were examined histologically and histochemically. The
      histological changes included flattening of the lining cells and widening of the
      lumina of the glands. Histochemical alterations were in the form of diminished
      succinic dehydrogenase, alpha esterase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme
      activities. The histological and histochemical changes indicated that atrophy of
      the ceruminous glands with diminished wax production occurred in some
      otosclerotic patients. This atrophy may be secondary to the involvement of the
      ground substance, vessels and nerves of the external auditory canal by the same
      etiologic factor responsible for the pathogenesis of the otosclerotic process.

PMID- 6828311
TI  - Acute epiglottitis. A management protocol based on a 15-year material.
AB  - During a 15-year period 141 patients were treated for acute epiglottitis. 70 of
      the patients needed an artificial airway which was established by means of
      nasotracheal intubation. The mean intubation time was 41 h. All patients except
      1, who suffocated before a free airway could be established, were discharged from
      the hospital without any serious sequelae. A follow-up study revealed no serious
      physical or psychological damage caused by the intubation treatment. On the basis
      of our 15-year material and the literature a protocol for the handling of
      patients suspected for acute epiglottitis is presented.

PMID- 6828313
TI  - Ultrastructural organization of the round window membrane in the infant human
      middle ear.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of the round window membrane in infants revealed that the
      membrane is made up of three layers. The relatively wide outer epithelial layer
      consists of 3-4 cell layers and is formed by cuboidal and round cells. The outer
      two or three cell layers contain mainly rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory
      granules, indicative of a secretory function of the epithelial cell layer of
      middle ear mucosa. Tonofilaments occur mainly in the more electron-dense
      epithelial cell layers which makes their mechanical role more probable. The
      connective tissue layer is relatively narrow and contains fibrocytes, much
      collagen and relatively few elastic fibres. The inner epithelial layer is built
      up of elongated cells containing rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in their
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6828314
TI  - Symposium on orthopedic radiology.

PMID- 6828310
TI  - Malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
AB  - The experience with 220 consecutive cases of malignant tumours of the nasal
      cavity and paranasal sinuses seen over a period of 20 years by 1 person is
      presented. Squamous cell carcinoma (64 cases) constituted the commonest tumour
      though a wide range of pathologies was encountered. Combined treatment with
      surgery and radiotherapy produced the best results. 3- and 5-year survival was 44
      and 30%, respectively. Local control of disease is very important in improving
      survival, and long-term follow-up is essential.

PMID- 6828315
TI  - Radiologically guided percutaneous musculoskeletal biopsy.
AB  - Radiologically guided percutaneous musculoskeletal biopsy can be done rapidly and
      precisely with highly accurate results and is nearly painless with only local
      anesthesia. Orthopedic surgeons should consider including a radiologist in the
      team with the patient and pathologist when such biopsies are necessary.

PMID- 6828318
TI  - [Retrograde tracheo-laryngofibroscopy].

PMID- 6828317
TI  - [NK (natural killer) and K (killer) cell activity in breast cancer. Relation of
      the stage of the disease to cytotoxic activity].

PMID- 6828320
TI  - [Guidelines on the management of epidural hematoma in infancy and childhood].

PMID- 6828316
TI  - Osteopenic bone disease.
AB  - Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and hyperparathyroidism are the common causes of
      skeletal osteopenia. Radiograms of the skeleton are a basic part of the clinical
      evaluation of these osteopenic processes. Accurate interpretation of these
      radiograms is difficult; the presence and degree of osteopenia is often a
      subjective estimate. This article discusses radiographic features of the common
      deossifying disorders, including objective criteria that may be useful in routine
      clinical practice.

PMID- 6828319
TI  - [Clinical significance of H2 determination in breath. A new method for the
      detection of carbohydrate malabsorption (preliminary report)].

PMID- 6828323
TI  - Association of serum proteins with cultured Leishmania: a warning note.

PMID- 6828321
TI  - [Puncture of the liver and pancreas under ultrasonic guidance].

PMID- 6828322
TI  - [Simultaneous incidence of a benign space occupying process in the neck and a
      malignant tumor of the palatine tonsil].

PMID- 6828325
TI  - Site of expression of immunity to Naegleria fowleri in immunized mice.
AB  - An experiment was performed which confirmed a previous finding that mice are
      protected against Naegleria fowleri infection by immunization with amoeba-free
      supernatant from amoeba cultures. Histological observations suggested that this
      protection is expressed mainly at the nasal mucosa and possibly results from the
      combined effects of polymorphonuclear leucocyte-mediated killing of the amoeba
      and mechanical elimination of the organisms by extensive shedding of necrotic
      epithelium.

PMID- 6828324
TI  - Effects of trichinellosis on levels of eosinophils, eosinophil major basic
      protein, creatine kinase and basophils in the guinea pig.
AB  - The effects of multiple infections with Trichinella spiralis on the levels of
      eosinophil major basic protein (MBP), creatine kinase (CK), and leucocytes were
      studied in the guinea pig. Plasma MBP levels increased after each of four
      successive infections with T. spiralis. The times of peak elevations in MBP
      levels and eosinophilia correlated significantly, and both peaks occurred earlier
      with increased infection dose. CK levels were elevated most dramatically in the
      primary infection. A direct correlation between peak CK values and larval dose
      was observed, and the peak occurred earlier with larger larval doses. A dose
      dependent basophilia was observed in the primary infection and, like the
      eosinophil response, basophilia occurred earlier and was markedly enhanced after
      the second infection. The elevations in MBP levels and eosinophil counts
      persisted into the third and fourth infections; the basophil response persisted
      only through the third infection.

PMID- 6828326
TI  - Immune mechanisms in C57Bl mice genetically resistant to Trypanosoma congolense
      infection. I. Effects of immune modulation.
AB  - The effect of immune modulation on the pattern and course of infection with T.
      congolense was investigated in a strain of mice (C57Bl) which is known to possess
      a significant degree of trypanotolerance, and a susceptible strain (CFLP) which
      rapidly succumbs to infection. Immunosuppression of C57Bl mice by splenectomy,
      cyclophosphamide treatment or gamma irradiation reduced their survival to near
      that of susceptible strains of mice. In contrast, attempts to enhance the immune
      response of susceptible CFLP mice using either a variety of immunostimulants,
      simultaneous vaccination with irradiated parasites at the time of infection,
      passive immunization or reducing the number of parasites used for infection,
      failed to confer a level of protection comparable to that of C57Bl mice. It was
      concluded that the basis of trypanotolerance, although immunological in nature,
      is associated with, as yet, undetermined factors.

PMID- 6828327
TI  - The primary humoral immune response of European green lizards (Lacerta viridis)
      to Leishmania agamae.
AB  - European green lizards, Lacerta viridis, produced relatively thermostable,
      dithiothreitol-sensitive, non-precipitating, agglutinins and complement-fixing
      antibodies (CFA) to Leishmania agamae administered subcutaneously (SC),
      intraperitoneally (IP) or orally (OR). Antibodies were also detected by the
      immobilization test (IMM) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The
      most sensitive method for the detection of stimulated immunoglobulins was ELISA.
      Antibodies were detected as early as 3 days post-infection with ELISA and between
      5 and 7 for CFA, direct agglutination (DA) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA).
      In the case of IMM, the times of first detection varied from 14 to 28 days.
      Maximum CFA (2(-8)), DA (2(-8)), IHA (2(-11)) and ELISA (2(-16)) titres were
      reached from 42 to 49 days with significantly higher values occurring in the OR
      and IP groups. With IMM, maxima occurred after 5 or 6 weeks. Following exposure,
      two- to five-fold significant increases in serum lysozyme levels were
      demonstrated but the concentrations in sera following SC, IP or OR routes of
      antigen administration were not significantly different when the groups were
      compared with each other. The highest lysozyme values (approximately 12.3 - 12.5
      micrograms ml(-1)) were found in the SC and OR groups when compared to the IP
      (7.40 micrograms ml(-1)).

PMID- 6828328
TI  - Symposium on anti-infective therapy I.

PMID- 6828331
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of furosemide urinary elimination by nephrotic children.
AB  - Single doses of 2 mg/kg of furosemide (F) were given postprandially as tablets to
      17 steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients, 2.5-15 years old, and
      seven control children requiring F therapy. One-half, 1, and 2 h after
      administration, F absorption rate, calculated from the drug urinary excretion
      data, was significantly more rapid in the NS patients compared to that in the
      controls. Bioavailability of F in the nephrotic children averaged 58.8%
      indicating that the gastrointestinal absorption of the drug was unaffected by the
      disease and by the age of the patients. The first pass effect of F was 24% of the
      administered dose. The elimination half-life of F, calculated from the drug
      urinary excretion data in the NS patients was 2.06 +/- 0.96 h (mean +/- SD),
      whereas in the control children, it was 2.14 +/- 0.69 h. There seems to be no
      relationship between F elimination half-life and the serum albumin concentration
      in the NS patients. Also, no correlation was found between the amount of F (mg)
      excreted in urine during 2 or 6 h after administration (the time of complete
      absorption of F from the gastrointestinal tract, and the time of the drug
      diuretic effect, respectively) and the serum albumin concentration in the NS
      patients. Moreover, no significant difference in the cumulative F urinary
      excretion was found between both groups of children. The data indicate that
      factors in addition to serum albumin concentration play a role in the elimination
      kinetics of F in nephrotic children.

PMID- 6828333
TI  - Respiratory frequency according to sleep states and age in normal premature
      infants: a comparison with full term infants.

PMID- 6828332
TI  - Intestinal maturation: in vivo zinc transport.

PMID- 6828334
TI  - Maturation of circulatory responses to methionine-enkephalin.
AB  - The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the naturally occurring endogenous
      opiate, methionine-enkephalin, were studied in 23 fetal sheep, five newborn
      lambs, 15 pregnant sheep, and four nonpregnant ewes. The opiate peptide produced
      dose-dependent decreases in heart rate and blood pressure in fetal and neonatal
      lambs but increased heart rate and blood pressure followed immediately by
      decreased heart rate and blood pressure in pregnant ewes. The circulatory
      responses were examined by pharmacologic blockade of receptor activity and by
      vagotomy. The bradycardia and hypotension in the fetus and tachycardia and
      hypertension in the adult were shown to be mediated by autonomic efferent nerves.
      Sinoaortic denervation did not affect the fetal responses to infused enkephalin.
      Respiration decreased in fetal as well as postnatal animals even at doses of
      methionine-enkephalin that did not significantly affect heart rate and blood
      pressure. These data indicate that the cardiovascular effects of infused
      enkephalins undergo maturational changes and are mediated by the autonomic
      nervous system.

PMID- 6828335
TI  - Diagnosis of iron deficiency: mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) as a predictor of
      iron deficiency in infants.
AB  - Hematologic variables were measured in 240 apparently healthy infants ranging
      from 1-12 months of age attending a well baby clinic. There were 20 infants for
      each month of age. Hematologic parameters were measured in each infant by Coulter
      Counter Model S. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, free erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin (FEP) and serum ferritin levels were measured in most infants.
      Their weights together with their serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and
      serum ferritin were judged to be independent variables of iron status, whereas
      the hematologic variables were considered to be response variables indicative of
      iron status. The correlation coefficients among these variables, after excluding
      redundant variables and transforming to logarithms, were computed. Canonical
      correlation analysis was applied to the matrix of correlation coefficients to
      yield the linear function of the independent variables most highly correlated
      with a linear function of the response variables. The linear function of the
      response variables was found to be well approximated by the logarithm of the mean
      corpuscular haemoglobin, which was highly correlated with each of the independent
      variables.

PMID- 6828338
TI  - Adverse pulmonary responses to aspirin and acetaminophen in chronic childhood
      asthma.
AB  - Because aspirin (ASA) is often reported to have an adverse effect on pulmonary
      function in children with chronic asthma, acetaminophen is commonly used as an
      ASA substitute in these children. To study acetaminophen effects on pulmonary
      functions, double-blind, oral challenges of ASA (600 mg), acetaminophen (600 mg),
      or lactose were administered on separate days to 25 chronic asthmatics, ten boys
      and 15 girls, ranging in age from 8 to 18 years (mean age +/- 1 SD: 12.5 +/- 2.8
      years). No patient had a past history of adverse reactions to either drug. Forced
      expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximal
      mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal
      voluntary ventilation (MVV), and flow volume curves were measured at base line
      and 1/2, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after ingestion of drug or placebo. Persistent
      decreases from base line FEV1 (greater than 20%) or FEF25-75 (greater than 30%)
      occurred in four ASA- and two acetaminophen-challenged patients. One ASA
      sensitive patient was placebo intolerant; another reacted to acetaminophen. The
      acetaminophen responses were of less intensity than the ASA responses. Analysis
      of group mean pulmonary function responses to ASA, acetaminophen, and lactose
      showed no significant difference among the three agents at any time. Aspirin
      should be used cautiously in asthmatic children. Acetaminophen appears to be an
      adequate, although not completely, innocuous ASA substitute.

PMID- 6828330
TI  - Selected nutrient intakes of free-living white children ages 6-19 years. The
      Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.
AB  - We report energy intake and selected nutrient intakes-protein, fat (total,
      saturated, and polyunsaturated), carbohydrate (total, starch, and sucrose), and
      cholesterol-for 1251 white children ages 6-19 years. The data were obtained, by
      means of a 24-h dietary recall, from children who were randomly selected from the
      North American populations studied by the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Females
      (N = 584) consumed about 2000 kcal daily, an intake that remained relatively
      constant throughout the age groups studied. Males (N = 667) had an energy intake
      of 2000 kcal/day during childhood that increased to over 3000 kcal/day in
      adolescence. Energy sources for both sexes were approximately 15% protein, 38%
      total fat, 15% saturated fat, 6% polyunsaturated fat, 48% total carbohydrate, 19%
      starch, and 11% sucrose; cholesterol intake averaged about 145 mg/1000 kcal. For
      both sexes, fat intake increased with age. Compared to females, males ingested
      greater amounts of cholesterol and total and saturated fat.

PMID- 6828337
TI  - Four-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase deficiency with normal
      fumarylacetoacetase: a new variant form of hereditary hypertyrosinemia.
AB  - Enzymatic studies on the liver of an infant are described-a case of
      hypertyrosinemia without hepatic dysfunction. His parents were siblings and the
      mother had hypertyrosinemia. Excessive amounts of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
      (pHPP), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (pHPL), and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (pHPA)
      were found to be excreted in the patient's urine as well as in the urine of the
      mother and the inhibitor of porphobilinogen synthetase was not found. Soluble
      tyrosine aminotransferase (s-TAT), separated from that of the mitochondrial form
      (m-TAT) by DE 52 column chromatography, was normal in the patient's liver, both
      quantitatively and qualitatively. The activities of fumarylacetoacetase in the
      patient's liver and in the peripheral leucocytes from the parents were normal.
      The activity of pHPP oxidase in the patient's liver was approximately 5% of the
      control and the enzyme had a high Km value for pHPP (controls: 0.06 +/- 0.01 mM,
      patient: 0.23 +/- 0.03 mM). From these results, the patient was thought to be
      different from previously described types of tyrosinemia and perhaps
      representative of a new variant form. This is the first report concerning 4
      hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase deficiency alone. Mild metal retardation and
      mild hypertyrosinemia may be offered as typical clinical features of the disease.

PMID- 6828329
TI  - Hypothyroidism and glucocorticoids modulate the development of hepatic insulin
      receptors.

PMID- 6828336
TI  - Factors affecting the lipid and apolipoprotein levels of cord sera.
AB  - In studying the human lipid transport system as it changes from the fetal to the
      adult form, data were collected on cord sera levels of lipids and apolipoproteins
      (A-I, A-II, ApoB, C-I, C-II, C-III, ApoD, and ApoE) from infants whose lipid
      metabolism might have been modified by a variety of factors present before, at,
      or after delivery. The results clearly indicated that many factors affect the
      levels of both lipids and apolipoproteins at birth. Method of delivery had little
      effect except in relation to either fetal immaturity (increased total
      cholesterol) or fetal stress (increased triglycerides). Birth weight was related
      to changes in free cholesterol, C-I, C-III, and ApoE levels. Gestational age had
      greater impact upon both serum lipids and apolipoproteins. With increasing fetal
      maturity, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, A-II, C-II, and ApoE progressively
      fell whereas triglyceride and ApoD rose. A variety of clinical disorders were
      also associated with changes in serum lipid and apolipoproteins. Anencephaly
      produced marked increases in both free and total cholesterol as well as most
      apolipoproteins. Significant reductions in triglyceride and ApoD levels were
      found in infants who subsequently became ill in the postnatal period with
      problems relating to carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., infants of diabetic mothers).
      Infants with respiratory distress were found to have decreased levels of total
      cholesterol and ApoB, both of which are increased in prematurity, a condition
      with which respiratory distress (RD) is usually associated. The changes in cord
      sera lipid and apolipoprotein levels found in a variety of clinical situations
      may provide new diagnostic approaches to postnatal problems arising in the
      newborn.

PMID- 6828340
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome in childhood: report of ten cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Experience with ten children with superior vena cava obstruction is reported.
      Five patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two had Hodgkin's disease, two had
      benign lesions, and one patient was suspected on clinical and radiologic basis to
      have a lymphoma. The clinical situation at presentation was often critical and
      required rapid treatment. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were used initially as
      lymphoma was the most frequent cause of obstruction. Urgent thoracotomy was
      resorted to when treatment failed. Survival with no evidence of disease for more
      than 5 years was observed in three children: one had a cystic lymphangioma,
      another had a mediastinal abscess, and the third had a Hodgkin's lymphoma. Review
      of the literature from 1951 to 1976 revealed that only 24/150 children reported
      with superior vena cava obstruction syndrome had mediastinal tumors; the
      remainder developed the obstruction after surgical procedures on the heart or
      vena cava.

PMID- 6828339
TI  - Growth and development of infants weighing less than 800 grams at birth.
AB  - A prospective study of infants weighing less than 800 g at birth and cared for in
      a single neonatal intensive care unit between 1977 and 1980 was conducted.
      Neonatal mortality was 80%; neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed in 16 of the
      18 survivors. Mean birth weight for these 16 was 730 g; mean gestational age was
      26 weeks. Perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress, apnea, mechanical
      ventilation, and chronic pulmonary disease were commonplace. Symptomatic
      intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, sepsis, or meningitis did not occur in
      survivors. Of the 16 infants, 13 (81%), including all three with birth weight
      less than 700 g, were without major CNS handicaps and were developing
      appropriately at 6 months to 3 years of age. Only one of the 16 had clearly
      subnormal mental development. None had a major visual or hearing impairment.
      Apgar scores at one and five minutes were significantly related to outcome;
      apnea, mechanical ventilation, and chronic pulmonary disease were not. These data
      suggest that a remarkably hopeful outcome is possible for the few survivors of
      extremely low birth weight.

PMID- 6828343
TI  - Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: importance of accurate
      anatomic definition.
AB  - The aortic arch anatomy of the premature infant may not be as simple to determine
      as the anatomy of an older child. A case of a premature infant who had
      inadvertent ligation of the left pulmonary artery during attempted ligation of a
      patent ductus arteriosus is described. On the fourth day following the initial
      operation, the patient underwent successful surgery to remove the pulmonary
      artery ligature and to ligate the persistent patent ductus arteriosus. A lung
      scan on the seventh day following removal of the pulmonary artery ligature showed
      normal perfusion of both lungs. Six months later, the child's growth,
      development, and chest roentgenogram were normal.

PMID- 6828341
TI  - Timing of elective hypospadias repair in children.
AB  - Psychological concerns for the timing of medical procedures on children result
      from the longstanding realization that events and behavioral patterns of
      childhood have wide-ranging effects on the later behavior of the adult. A review
      of the literature regarding the effects of surgery on psychological development
      is presented. Particular reference is made to the impact of genitourinary surgery
      with specific emphasis on the repair of hypospadias, a congenital anomaly
      affecting 1:250 to 1:400 live male births. Studies of adults who underwent
      hypospadias repair as children suggest that they are psychologically different
      from their peers who did not have this surgery. Specifically, as adults they
      frequently have sexual difficulty despite erectile competence and they generally
      occupy less responsible, less competitive, and less independent professions than
      similarly intelligent cohorts. These findings imply that the experience of
      hypospadias or its surgical repair may in some way affect psychological
      development. By examining these experiences in light of emotional and cognitive
      development and the emergence of body image and sexual identity, predictions for
      psychologically optimal timing of surgery are made. Importance of the role of the
      family in the psychological outcome and a discussion of surgical considerations
      are also provided.

PMID- 6828342
TI  - Heinz body hemolytic anemia in newborns and failure of laboratory studies to
      implicate a phenolic disinfectant.
AB  - Two unrelated, white, female, premature infants in the same hospital nursery
      contemporaneously exhibited features of an acute, Heinz body hemolytic anemia:
      decreased levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, anisocytosis, fragmented cells,
      hyperbilirubinemia, reticulocytosis, and red cell inclusion bodies. Physical
      examination and laboratory studies failed to reveal the etiology of this process.
      Epidemiologic studies indicated a possible association between the reaction and
      the improper use and inappropriately high concentration of a phenolic
      disinfectant. Such an association has been suggested previously between similar
      products and epidemics of hyperbilirubinemia. Despite extensive experimental
      efforts (four species, six routes of administration, newborn rats, splenectomized
      rats, direct incubation with age-matched human cord blood), the reaction could
      not be produced in the laboratory. It may be highly specific for the intact,
      human, premature infant. Perhaps the hyperbilirubinemia reported previously had
      an erythrocytic rather than hepatic origin.

PMID- 6828344
TI  - Growth and development of full-term nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age
      newborns: follow-up through adolescence.
AB  - Previous studies of growth and development in small-for-gestational-age (SGA)
      infants have been plagued by several methodologic defects, including a lack of
      control for socioeconomic status and parental height and an inability to
      distinguish among the effects of prematurity, neonatal asphyxia, and intrauterine
      growth retardation. An attempt has been made to overcome these defects in a study
      of 33 full-term, nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age neonates born between
      1960 and 1966 and 33 matched control infants of normal birth weight. The infants
      were followed up and compared for physical growth and sexual, neurologic, and
      cognitive development at ages 13 to 19 years. Significant deficits in height,
      weight, and head circumference were found among the SGA cohort, even after
      statistical adjustment for differences in socioeconomic status and parental
      height. Sexual development and bone age were not delayed in the SGA group,
      however, indicating that the deficits in growth are permanent. On neurologic and
      cognitive testing, the SGA group had trends toward lower scores but scores were
      well within the normal range. It is concluded that full-term nonasphyxiated SGA
      infants have an impaired potential for physical growth, but a good prognosis for
      neurologic and cognitive development. Previous findings of more severe cognitive
      deficits are attributed to a failure to distinguish the effects of isolated
      intrauterine growth retardation from effects due to asphyxia.

PMID- 6828345
TI  - Neonatal septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides.

PMID- 6828348
TI  - Evaluation of a residency training program in behavioral pediatrics.
AB  - The impact of behavioral training upon first-year residents was evaluated by
      assessing attitudes with regard to 15 clinical "entities," including behavioral
      disorders, physical disorders, and "mixed" disorders. Each entity was rated at
      four times: beginning of the year, start of the behavioral rotation, end of the
      rotation, and end of the year. Multiple-choice questions were also included to
      assess knowledge regarding behavioral pediatrics. Data were collected from 37
      residents, from 1977 to 1980. For behavioral disorders and mixed disorders,
      residents' self-reported competence increased with regard to diagnosis,
      management, advising parents, and knowledge of resources. Further, the greatest
      change occurred during the 2-month rotation. In contrast, change in perceived
      competence for physical disorders was not specific to the rotation but, rather,
      increased evenly over the year. Ratings of faculty and housestaff interest
      remained constant across testing points, and residents' "desire to learn more"
      and prediction of "future relevance" showed a slight decrease over time, for all
      disorders. Knowledge regarding behavioral pediatrics increased significantly from
      the beginning of the year to the start of the rotation, and also during the
      rotation. These data demonstrate that changes in residents' perceived competence
      are directly related to their rotation experience, and suggest that behavioral
      issues can be introduced successfully during the first year of residency
      training.

PMID- 6828347
TI  - Bile ascites during infancy: diagnosis using Disofenin Tc 99m sequential
      scintiphotography.

PMID- 6828349
TI  - Special responsibilities: the role of the pediatrician and the goals of pediatric
      education.

PMID- 6828350
TI  - Pediatrician's role in primary health care.

PMID- 6828346
TI  - Endocarditis in high-risk neonates.
AB  - The clinical spectrum of neonatal endocarditis, including bacterial and
      nonbacterial types, is examined in five case reports that were drawn from nursery
      experiences over a recent 2-year period. In contrast to previous reports of 100%
      mortality from neonatal endocarditis, one patient survived. Changing heart murmur
      and hematuria were most frequently associated with bacterial and nonbacterial
      endocarditis in four of the five cases. Pulmonary hypertension, thrombocytopenia,
      and coagulopathy were also associated with nonbacterial endocarditis.
      Echocardiograms were performed on four of the patients; only one was suggestive
      of endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from both cases of bacterial
      endocarditis, including the single survivor. Thus, it is suggested that the
      initial antibiotic coverage of any neonate with the clinical syndrome of sepsis,
      hematuria, and a heart murmur include antistaphylococcal coverage for the
      possibility of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 6828352
TI  - The primary physician and the death of a child in a specialized hospital setting.

PMID- 6828351
TI  - Challenge of pediatric education.

PMID- 6828353
TI  - Circumcision: the effect of information on parental decision making.

PMID- 6828354
TI  - Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus type 1 from a maternal breast lesion.

PMID- 6828355
TI  - Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements: variation in meter response.

PMID- 6828356
TI  - Otitis media and compliance.

PMID- 6828357
TI  - Carboxyhemoglobin concentration in fetal cord blood.

PMID- 6828358
TI  - The fetus and cigarette smoke.

PMID- 6828359
TI  - Kernicterus reexamined.

PMID- 6828360
TI  - Aspirin and Reye syndrome--statement challenged.

PMID- 6828361
TI  - Measles in the future?

PMID- 6828362
TI  - Neonatal seizures.

PMID- 6828363
TI  - Treatment of the choking child.

PMID- 6828364
TI  - Breast-feeding and infections.

PMID- 6828365
TI  - Doppler debate continued.

PMID- 6828366
TI  - [Physician's role in alcohol abuse].

PMID- 6828367
TI  - [Hoarseness from the viewpoint of primary care].
AB  - Hoarseness is a symptom that is constantly encountered by doctors in primary
      care. It is the leading symptom in acute laryngitis and is often present as one
      of the symptoms in, for example, respiratory tract infections, influenza, and
      bronchitis. For the general practitioner, the infection factor as the cause of
      hoarseness is so dominant that other possible causes may fail to be taken into
      consideration. The general practitioner's possibilities for diagnosing the cause
      of this symptom are largely determined by habit, and by his ability to observe
      and assess the vocal chords. Examination of the vocal chords is often technically
      difficult, and patients in whom inspection presents difficulties should be
      remitted to an ear specialist. Hoarse smokers constitute a special group at risk,
      and these patients should be remitted for further examinations, if the general
      practitioner finds it hard to make a complete inspection of the chords. The
      article also describes an investigation on how hoarseness is handled at a health
      centre.

PMID- 6828369
TI  - [Alcohol in Scandinavia--regulations, control measures, consumption and damaging
      effects].

PMID- 6828368
TI  - [Functional hoarseness].

PMID- 6828370
TI  - [Alcoholic intoxication - an important public health factor in Scandinavia. A
      literature review and analysis].

PMID- 6828371
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin. Pathogenesis and diagnostic procedure].
AB  - Patients with fever, either intermittent or continuous over three weeks or more,
      and which is still undiagnosed after one week's hospitalization, constitute a
      classic medical problem. According to recent literature a "common pathway" for
      the fever pathogenesis is described: Leukocytic pyrogen increase the formation of
      arachidonic acid which in their turn increase the formation of prostaglandin E,
      which then affects the thermoregulatory center. Some procedures for diagnostic
      investigation of the numerous complaints with this symptom in common are
      presented in a diagrammatic form. Patients who remain without a diagnosis must be
      kept under close observation. Attempts at treatment for diagnostic purposes
      should be avoided.

PMID- 6828372
TI  - [With the Red Cross in Lebanon. Primary health service in the ruins of a refugee
      camp. Field hospital 2 stories below ground level].

PMID- 6828373
TI  - [Choice between diagnostic procedures. 2. Test].

PMID- 6828374
TI  - The structure of nucleoprotein cores released from adenovirions.
AB  - The morphology, protein composition and DNA organization of nucleoprotein core
      complexes isolated from type 5 adenovirions have been examined by electron
      microscopy and biochemical techniques. The morphology of such core structures is
      in some ways strikingly similar to that exhibited by cellular chromatin. 'Native'
      core preparations contain compact and less highly-folded forms: the latter appear
      as thick fibres, 150-300A in diameter. Upon exposure to 0.4M NaCl, adenovirus
      cores undergo a transition to a beaded string form, reminiscent of nucleosomes.
      Of the three arginine-rich proteins, polypeptides V, VII and mu present in
      'native' cores, only polypeptide VII remains associated with viral DNA in the
      presence of 0.4M NaCl. We therefore conclude that the nucleosome-like beads are
      constructed solely of polypeptide VII. The results of micrococcal nuclease
      digestion experiments suggest that polypeptide VII is sufficient to protect some
      100-300bp of adenoviral DNA.

PMID- 6828375
TI  - Fresh-water planarias and a marine planaria are relatively dissimilar in the 5S
      rRNA sequences.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences from fresh-water Dugesia japonica and marine Planocera
      reticulata have been determined. The similarity between these two species is only
      69%. The Planocera sequence reveals nearly 80% similarity (72-81%) to the
      sequences of multicellular animals, while the Dugesia sequences are considerably
      different from them (66-73%).

PMID- 6828376
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of polynucleotides. VIII. Synthesis of mixed
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphotriester solid phase method.
AB  - A solid phase method for the simultaneous synthesis of mixed oligonucleotides
      using a phosphotriester approach has been developed. For this synthesis, a
      mixture of mono or dimeric coupling units is used, and a slight difference in the
      reactivity of those units is found. However, this difference does not hamper the
      simultaneous, mixed oligonucleotide synthesis, and the sequence analysis of a
      product demonstrates the existence of all desired sequences in the final mixture.

PMID- 6828377
TI  - Sequence organization in Dictyostelium: unique structure at the 5'-ends of
      protein coding genes.
AB  - We have compared the sequences which lie 5' to the coding regions of 15
      Dictyostelium genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. These sequences are
      extremely (approximately 90%) A + T rich and contain extensive homopolymeric
      regions. Like most eukaryotic genes, those in Dictyostelium possess a TATA or
      Goldberg-Hogness Box approximately 25-35bp 5' to the site of transcription
      initiation. In addition, each gene contains an oligo (dT) stretch between the
      TATA Box and mRNA start site; this oligo (dT) sequence is, thus far, unique to
      Dictyostelium. We suggest that the TATA-oligo (dT) structure is an essential
      component of the Dictyostelium promoter. The general sequence structure of
      coding, non-coding and untranscribed flanking regions in Dictyostelium is also
      discussed.

PMID- 6828379
TI  - On the conformation of 5-substituted uridines as studied by proton magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - The proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectra of 10 basemodified uridine
      derivatives x5Urd have been measured at 3 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees C
      in order to correlate the electronic effects of different substituents with the
      molecular conformation of the respective nucleosides. The results presented
      demonstrate the close relation between conformational parameters and the electron
      affinity of the substituents as reflected by their Hammett constants. Going from
      electron-donating to electron-accepting groups, the portion of N-conformer in the
      ribose N in equilibrium S equilibrium increases from 44% to about 90%. In
      addition the percentage of gauche-gauche rotamer as measured for the exocyclic
      groups changes from about 30% in nh52Urd to more than 80% in no52Urd.

PMID- 6828378
TI  - The genome of minute virus of mice, an autonomous parvovirus, encodes two
      overlapping transcription units.
AB  - Four virus-specific transcripts have been identified in murine cells infected
      with Minute-Virus-of-Mice (MVM). These RNAs, 4.8, 3.3, 3.0 and 1.8 kilobases in
      length, designated R1 to R4 respectively, are all transcribed from the virion (-)
      strand of DNA and they are all polyadenylated and spliced. The R1 transcript is
      derived from sequences that reside on the genome between 4.0 and 95 map units
      (mu). Transcript R2 is composed of exon sequences derived from mu coordinates 4.0
      10.0, 40-46 and 48-95. The most abundant RNA, R3, is transcribed from sequences
      mapping between 40 and 95 mu. All three of these RNAs have a short intron
      sequence between 46-48 mu removed. The least abundant transcript, R4, has not
      been mapped precisely, however it hybridizes with all three EcoRI fragments which
      span the entire 5 kb genome. In vitro transcription of cloned restriction
      fragments of MVM DNA confirm the existence of functional promoters at map
      coordinates 4.0 and 39 and sequence analysis of these regions of the viral DNA
      reveal the characteristic features of RNA polymerase II promoters. These results
      indicate that MVM DNA encodes two overlapping transcription units with separate
      promoters near the left end (4.0 mu) and middle (39 mu) of the genome.

PMID- 6828380
TI  - Organization of DNA replication in Physarum polycephalum. Attachment of origins
      of replicons and replication forks to the nuclear matrix.
AB  - We have investigated the attachment of the DNA to the nuclear matrix during the
      division cycle of the plasmodial slime mold Physarum polycephalum. The DNA of
      plasmodia was pulse labelled at different times during the S phase and the label
      distribution was studied by graded DNase digestion of the matrix-DNA complexes
      prepared from nuclei isolated by extraction with 2 M NaCl. Pulse labelled DNA was
      preferentially recovered from the matrix bound residual DNA at any time of the S
      phase. Label incorporated at the onset of the S phase remained preferentially
      associated with the matrix during the G2 phase and the subsequent S phase. The
      occurrence of the pulse label in the matrix associated DNA regions was
      transiently elevated at the onset of the subsequent S phase. Label incorporated
      at the end of the S phase was located at DNA regions which, in the G2 phase, were
      preferentially released from the matrix by DNase treatment. From the results and
      previously reported data on the distribution of attachment sites it can be
      concluded that origins of replicons or DNA sites very close to them are attached
      to the matrix during the entire nuclear cycle. The data further indicate that
      initiations of DNA replication occur at the same origins in successive S phases.
      Replicating DNA is bound to the matrix, in addition, by the replication fork or a
      region close to it. This binding is loosened after completion of the replication.

PMID- 6828381
TI  - Terminal heterogeneity and corrections of the nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from
      an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from an extreme thermophile
      Thermusthermophilus HB8 has been re-examined and determined as [Formula: see
      text] The present study could resolve previously ambiguous residues and find two
      additional residues (G(8 3), C(9 7)), G at position 89 and two terminal
      heterogeneities which are exactly the same as reported with Thermusaquaticus 5S
      rRNA.Images

PMID- 6828382
TI  - Chemical accessibility of the 4.5S RNA in spinach chloroplast ribosomes.
AB  - We have examined the accessibility to diethylpyrocarbonate of spinach chloroplast
      4.5S ribosomal RNA when free and when it is part of the ribosomal structure. The
      modifications in free 4.5S RNA were found mostly in single-stranded regions of
      the secondary structure model proposed in our previous paper (Kumagai, I. et al.
      (1982) J.B.C. 257, 12924-28): adenines at positions 17, 19, 33, 36, 54, 55, 60,
      64, 68, 72, 77, 86 and 87 were identified as the reactive residues. On the other
      hand, in 4.5S RNA in 70S ribosomes or 50S subunits, adenine 33 was exclusively
      modified, and its reactivity was much higher than in free 4.5S RNA. This highly
      accessible A33 of spinach 4.5S RNA is located within a characteristic seven
      nucleotide sequence, which is found in the 4.5S rRNAs from spinach, tobacco and a
      fern but deleted in 4.5S RNAs from maize and wheat.

PMID- 6828384
TI  - Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. XLV. Block
      condensation of ribooligonucleotides containing 2'-O-tetrahydrofuranyl-5'-O
      dimethoxytritylnucleosides.
AB  - 2'-O-Tetrahydrofuranyl-5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N-protected nucleosides were
      phosphorylated to give the 3'-(o-chlorophenyl) phosphates which were then
      condensed with 3',5'-unprotected nucleosides to elongate the chain in the 3'
      direction. The 5'-dimethoxytrityl group of these oligonucleotides was selectively
      deblocked by treatment with zinc bromide. The rate of removal of the
      dimethoxytrityl group differed in each nucleotide. A dodecamer containing a
      termination codon UAG, U(AGU)3AG, was synthesized by elongating the chain in the
      5'-direction using the selective dedimethoxytritylation followed by condensation
      of protected oligonucleotide blocks.

PMID- 6828383
TI  - Repetitive satellite-like sequences are present within or upstream from 3 avian
      protein-coding genes.
AB  - Peculiar DNA sequences made up by the tandem repetition of a 5 bp unit have been
      identified within or upstream from three avian protein-coding genes. One sequence
      is located within an intron of the chicken "ovalbumin-X" gene with 5'-TCTCC-3' as
      basic repeat unit (36 repeats). Another sequence made of 27 repeats of a 5'-GGAAG
      3' basic unit is found 2500 base pairs upstream from the promoter of the chicken
      ovotransferrin (conalbumin) gene. A related but different sequence is present in
      the corresponding region of the ovotransferrin gene in the pheasant, with 5'
      GGAAA-3' as the basic unit (55 repeats). These three satellite-like elements are
      thus characterized by a total assymetry in base distribution, with purines
      restricted to one strand, and pyrimidines to the other. Two of the basic repeat
      units can be derived from the third one (GGAAA) by a single base pair change.
      These related sequences are found repeated in three avian genomes, at degrees
      which vary both with the sequence type and the genome type. Evolution of tandemly
      repeated sequences (including satellites) is in general studied by analysing
      randomly picked elements. The presence of conserved protein-coding regions
      neighbouring satellite-like sequences allow to follow their evolution at a single
      locus, as exemplified by the striking comparison of the pheasant and chicken
      sequences upstream from the ovotransferrin gene.

PMID- 6828385
TI  - RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase activity and RNA ligation in HeLa cell extract.
AB  - HeLa cell extract contains RNA ligase activity that converts linear
      polyribonucleotides to covalently closed circles. RNA substrates containing 2',3'
      cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini are circularized by formation of a
      normal 3',5' phosphodiester bond. This activity differs from a previously
      described wheat germ RNA ligase which circularizes molecules with 2',3'-cyclic
      and 5' phosphate ends by a 2'-phosphomonester, 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage
      (Konarska et al., Nature 293, 112-116, 1981; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1474
      1478, 1982). The HeLa cell ligase can also utilize molecules with 3'-phosphate
      ends. However, in this case ligation is preceded by an ATP-dependent conversion
      of the 3'-terminal phosphate to the 2',3' cyclic form by a novel activity, RNA 3'
      terminal phosphate cyclase. Both RNA ligase and RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase
      activities are also present in extract of Xenopus oocyte nuclei, consistent with
      a role in RNA processing.

PMID- 6828386
TI  - Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from
      isolated mammalian nuclei.
AB  - We have developed a procedure for preparing extracts from nuclei of human tissue
      culture cells that directs accurate transcription initiation in vitro from class
      II promoters. Conditions of extraction and assay have been optimized for maximum
      activity using the major late promoter of adenovirus 2. The extract also directs
      accurate transcription initiation from other adenovirus promoters and cellular
      promoters. The extract also directs accurate transcription initiation from class
      III promoters (tRNA and Ad 2 VA).

PMID- 6828387
TI  - The sequence of RNA segment 1 of influenza virus A/NT/60/68 and its comparison
      with the corresponding segment of strains A/PR/8/34 and A/WSN/33.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 1 of influenza virus A/NT/60/68,
      corresponding to the PB2 protein, has been determined. It is 2341 nucleotides
      long, encoding a predicted product of 759 amino acids with a net charge of +27
      1/2 at neutral pH. The predicted amino acid sequence has been compared to the
      equivalent sequences in influenza viruses A/PR/8/34 and A/WSN/33. Evolutionary
      divergence, assuming a direct lineage from A/PR/8/34 and allowing for "laboratory
      drift", is 0.08% per year. The alignment of RNA segment 10 of A/NT/60/68 with
      segments 1 and 3 is completed, confirming that it is a mosaic of regions from
      these two segments.

PMID- 6828388
TI  - Color coded triarylmethyl protecting groups useful for deoxypolynucleotide
      synthesis.
AB  - Triarylmethyl groups having different colors but similar chemical reactivities in
      acid were examined as potential aids for monitoring the stepwise addition of
      mononucleotides to a deoxyoligonucleotide. The successful application of these
      protecting groups to deoxyoligonucleotide synthesis on polymer supports was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6828389
TI  - Human aldolase B subunit-specific radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the direct quantification of aldolase B in
      human serum and tissues. The method is a double antibody radioimmunoassay
      technique using radioiodinated aldolase B homopolymer as ligand, chicken
      antibodies to aldolase B and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. This
      radioimmunoassay was shown to be specific for the aldolase B subunit, with no
      cross-reactivity with either human aldolase A subunit or homopolymeric human
      aldolase C (C4). The lowest measurable amount by this method was 2 ng/ml.
      Aldolase B is predominantly found in normal liver tissue, with relatively high
      aldolase B levels also observed in kidney. Aldolase B levels in the serum
      obtained from 11 normal subjects ranged from 23 to 38 ng/ml, with a mean of 28.5
      +/- 9.2 (S.D.) ng/ml. Almost all of patients with hepatitis had serum aldolase B
      levels greater than 30 ng/ml. In cancer patients, serum aldolase B was slightly
      elevated in patients with metastatic liver cancer and primary lever cell
      carcinoma, whereas no elevation of serum aldolase B was shown in patients without
      liver metastasis.

PMID- 6828390
TI  - The emerging new arthritis drugs. A clinician's opinion.
AB  - In the face of deficiencies in our present system of introducing new drugs,
      clinicians must be committed to monitoring patients carefully. They must not be
      caught up in the hyperbole and excitement of the latest new drug, but instead
      should allow the crucible of time to teach them and the rest of the medical
      community the ultimate truths about this drug in all situations. They must not
      let the package circular be their only guide to therapy, for it reflects only
      what has been accomplished under limited conditions. By knowing their patients
      well and by learning to proficiently use selected drugs that they have become
      familiar and comfortable with, conscientious practitioners will approach the
      present state of the art in meeting the needs of their patients.

PMID- 6828391
TI  - Intrauterine contraceptive devices. Complications associated with their use.

PMID- 6828392
TI  - The coughing child. Etiology and treatment of a common symptom.

PMID- 6828393
TI  - The annual checkup. Changing concepts.

PMID- 6828394
TI  - Head injuries. Initial evaluation and management.
AB  - While primary neurologic damage in the patient with head trauma may be
      irreversible, damage from secondary injuries can often be avoided with rapid
      identification and correction of factors potentially leading to such injury. In
      patients with severe injuries, systematic evaluation is needed, including
      assessment of respiratory and circulatory systems, history taking, inspection of
      the head, and neurologic, general, and roentgenographic examination, as well as
      monitoring of vital functions, continuing patient care, and administration of
      intravenous fluids and medications.

PMID- 6828395
TI  - Outpatient treatment of burns.

PMID- 6828396
TI  - Wound contamination. Assessment, prevention, and management.
AB  - The history of a wound and its clinical appearance help the clinician make
      appropriate decisions on management. The level of contamination in the wound can
      be determined with the rapid biopsy fixation technique. Extensive wound
      debridement, high-pressure irrigation, and cautious use of antibiotics should
      reduce the bacterial count to a level that allows primary healing. The use of
      sutures of appropriate chemical and physical characteristics should minimize
      suture contribution to the development of wound infection. Coverage of the wound
      after closure protects it from external contaminants and allows for completion of
      epithelialization. Immobilization and, if possible, elevation of the wounded part
      decrease secondary edema formation.

PMID- 6828398
TI  - Unusual appearance in a child. When and how to search for a possible syndrome.

PMID- 6828397
TI  - The little black bag. Medical travel kits for patient and physician.
AB  - The medical supplies appropriate for travel will quite naturally depend on the
      individual and on the nature, scope, and duration of the trip being planned. A
      basic kit containing nonmedicinal supplies, nonprescription drugs, and
      prescription medications can be a starting point in planning for both lay and
      physician travelers, however. Although medical responsibility for assisting in
      emergency situations during travels as well as liability differ from location to
      location, in general the physician should not hesitate to give aid in perceived
      situations of need.

PMID- 6828399
TI  - Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins.
AB  - The case is presented of conjoined twins diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound.
      Recognition of this obstetric problem allows for rational planning of the
      pregnancy and delivery, including delivery by cesarean section in an institution
      equipped with pediatric surgical and neonatal intensive care facilities. Prenatal
      sonography further allows for investigation of the fetuses and prediction of
      neonatal problems.

PMID- 6828402
TI  - Nutritional precursors and the treatment of depression.

PMID- 6828401
TI  - Chronic pain as a depressive equivalent.
AB  - In some cases, chronic pain is due not to an organic cause but rather to
      psychologic factors. Among these, chronic pain as a depressive equivalent is
      particularly interesting. By this term, we mean a painful state caused by
      depression and manifesting itself almost entirely in this somatic form, thus
      making diagnosis difficult. There are, however, some features that may positively
      orient diagnosis: age at onset and sex, clinical history, presence of a
      subdepressive state, attitude during the medical examination, absence of
      delusions and hallucinations, and the Rorschach test pattern. These features
      permit correct differential diagnosis and justify pharmacologic therapy with
      antidepressants.

PMID- 6828403
TI  - Restricted water time with dwarf and normal size Single Comb White Leghorn
      pullets.

PMID- 6828404
TI  - Glycine- and fatty-acid-induced restriction of feed intake: effects on body
      weights and hatching egg production of broiler breeders restricted from day of
      hatching.
AB  - In two experiments, broiler breeder replacement stocks were subjected to
      voluntary feed restriction from day of hatching by 1) inclusion of 30 g glycine
      per kilogram diet for 21 days followed by temporal skip-a-day restriction or b)
      by inclusion of 50 g coconut fatty acids (CFA) per kilogram diet for 21 or 35
      days followed by quantitative skip-a-day restriction regimen. Feed intake and
      body weight were reduced by 14 to 17% during consumption of experimental diets
      compared with an unsupplemented starter diet. Following skip-a-day feeding during
      the growing period, body weights were not different at 140 days of age in each
      experiment. In Experiment 1, higher egg production (hen-housed %) was associated
      with glycine-induced restriction of intake of starter diet, but there was no
      difference in egg weight. The difference was attributable, in part, to reduced
      mortality during the early laying period. In Experiment 2, no differences were
      observed in egg production, grams feed per egg, or egg weight due to glycine- or
      CFA-induced restriction from 1 to 21 days followed by quantitative restriction.
      Egg production was lower with a lower level of CFA feed restriction from 22 to 35
      days, indicating that restricted feeding prior to 35 days increased production of
      hatching eggs.

PMID- 6828400
TI  - The solitary pulmonary nodule. An aggressive workup.
AB  - The solitary pulmonary nodule observed on chest films should be pursued
      aggressively, usually by means of tissue study, since the clinical and
      roentgenographic characteristics of the nodule are often misleading and do not
      permit a reliable diagnosis. A decision to follow a patient without definitive
      tissue study should be made only under the most unusual circumstances. As lung
      cancer has now reached epidemic proportions and as early surgical treatment
      affords the only reasonable chance for cure, the solitary pulmonary nodule
      deserves diligent attention.

PMID- 6828405
TI  - The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of the chick.
AB  - Three experiments involving 1230 battery-reared crossbred chicks were conducted
      to evaluate the potential sparing effect of choline on methionine and vice versa.
      Experiment 1 employed a crystalline amino acid diet to establish the sulfur-amino
      acid (SAA) and choline requirement for maximal feed efficiency of chicks during
      the period 8 to 18 days posthatching. Six graded levels of DL-methionine (.20 to
      .45% in the presence of .20% L-cystine) and five of choline (0 to 1216 mg/kg)
      were employed in a 6 X 5 factorial treatment arrangement. Gain/feed ratio was
      maximized at 608 mg/kg choline at all levels of methionine and at .30 to .35%
      methionine at all levels of choline. Two identical experiments (8 to 25 days
      posthatching) with a corn-soybean meal diet were carried out to explore the
      relationship between supplemental methionine (0 to .20% in five equal increments)
      and supplemental choline (0, 217, and 434 mg/kg). Optimal performance occurred at
      .10% supplemental methionine regardless of choline level and at 217 mg/kg choline
      at supplemental methionine levels of 0 and .05%. At .10, .15, and .20%
      supplemental methionine, no gain or gain/feed response to supplemental choline
      was observed. It was thus apparent that excess levels of choline had minimal
      capacity to reduce the dietary requirement for methionine. Excess levels of
      methionine, however, seemed to have a consistent, although small, effect on the
      chick's dietary need for choline.

PMID- 6828406
TI  - Laboratory model with chicks for assay of nutritional factors affecting hepatic
      lipid accumulation in laying hens.
AB  - A laboratory model with chicks is described that is suggested as an assay for
      dietary factors affecting liver lipid accumulation in laying hens. The model
      utilizes growing White Leghorn male chicks injected with estrogen. Diets to be
      tested were fed ad libitum for 4 days following 2 days starvation. Liver lipid
      deposition was increased with increasing level of estradiol injected. Lipid
      deposition in livers of estrogenized chicks fed a diet containing fish meal,
      alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (FAY) was significantly less than that in chicks
      fed a corn-soybean meal (CS) diet. This correlated with a similar response in
      laying hens fed ad libitum FAY and CS diets for 30 days, suggesting the response
      of livers to dietary changes in fasted-refed-estrogenized chicks reflects the
      responses obtained with laying hens. Using the proposed laboratory model, fish
      meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, and alfalfa meal were shown to
      contain activity that reduced liver lipid deposition.

PMID- 6828407
TI  - Organ weights and body composition in chickens as related to the energy and amino
      acid requirements: effects of strain, sex, and age.

PMID- 6828408
TI  - Evidence of a hereditary factor affecting the chick's response to uncomplicated
      selenium deficiency.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine whether a hereditary factor accounted for
      part of the variation observed in the growth responses of young chicks to
      uncomplicated selenium (Se) deficiency. Results showed that such a factor
      influenced the growth of chicks fed a Se-deficient diet. Those chicks most
      susceptible (SUS) to the growth depressing effects of Se-deficiency oxidized
      14CH3-methionine to 14CO2 at a greater rate when fed the Se-deficient diet than
      did chicks that appeared refractory (REF) (i.e., grew at near normal rates) to Se
      deficiency. When diets were supplemented with Se, both lines exhibited equivalent
      rates of 14CH3-methionine oxidation. The SUS chicks appeared to have lower levels
      of free homocystine and cystathionine in plasma compared to REF chicks or to Se
      supplemented chicks of both lines. These results provide evidence for an
      impairment in sulfur-amino acid metabolism as the basis of the hereditary effect.

PMID- 6828409
TI  - The influence of testosterone propionate on semen quality and testes morphology
      in the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo.
AB  - Three groups of 6 Large White breeder turkey males producing normal white semen
      were given either corn oil or 100 or 1000 micrograms of testosterone propionate
      (TP) in corn oil per day in an attempt to induce the sequelae of the yellow semen
      syndrome (YSS), viz. elevated seminal plasma protein, macrophage infiltration
      into the semen and ductuli efferentes hypertrophy, and lipid accumulation
      (Thurston, 1976; Hess et al., 1982). The two treatments of TP were unsuccessful
      in producing these characteristics of the YSS. However, TP, particularly at 1000
      micrograms, caused testicular regression exemplified as interstitial thickening,
      lipid accumulation, especially in Leydig and germinal cells, and reduced semen
      volume and sperm number. Although TP did not significantly affect seminal plasma
      protein concentration, in some males albumin was reduced concomitant with an
      increase in the beta-3 protein subfraction, suggesting that the quantity of these
      protein fractions in seminal plasma may be androgen dependent.

PMID- 6828410
TI  - Effect of tylosin in the feed of broiler breeder birds on their serological
      reaction to Mycoplasma synoviae.
AB  - Serum plate (SP) reactions and geometric mean Mycoplasma synoviae (MS)
      hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers were determined on sera from broiler
      breeder hens fed either 50 g tylosin per ton of feed or 150 g tylosin per ton of
      feed for 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after MS exposure by aerosol. Then tylosin
      was increased to 150 g per ton of feed and 300 g per ton of feed, respectively,
      for 8 weeks. One group of birds, without tylosin in the feed, was exposed to MS
      by aerosol. One group of birds received no tylosin in the feed and were not
      exposed to MS. Sera from MS exposed birds with tylosin in the feed up to 300 g
      per ton of feed did not show any difference in the MS SP reactions or MS HI
      titers when compared with MS exposed birds without tylosin in the feed. Tylosin
      in the feed up to 300 g per ton did not mask any MS SP reactions nor did tylosin
      cause any MS SP positive or HI positive birds to appear serologically negative.

PMID- 6828411
TI  - Control of the northern fowl mite on inanimate objects by fumigation: laboratory
      studies.
AB  - Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the efficacies of phosphine,
      methyl bromide, and sulfur dioxide as fumigants for the northern fowl mite,
      Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on inanimate objects. We were
      able to demonstrate that either methyl bromide or sulfur dioxide could kill all
      physiological forms of mites within 24 hr, which would be desirable for field
      use. Prosphine gas, released from Phostoxin pellets, had an LD95 of 18 hr for
      motile forms of the mites; however, it took 30 hr to kill the mite eggs.
      Therefore, it would be an unsuitable fumigant for practical field usage.

PMID- 6828412
TI  - Control of the northern fowl mite on inanimate objects by fumigation: field
      studies.
AB  - Field studies were conducted to determine the efficacies of methyl bromide and
      sulfur dioxide as fumigants for northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum
      (Canestrini and Fanzago), on egg flats and egg cases. Both fumigants killed the
      mites within 24 hr; however, sulfur dioxide had a repulsive irritating odor,
      which was retained in the cardboard egg flats and egg crates and persisted for
      several days after exposure to the gas. When used in accordance with the
      manufacturer's recommendations for fumigating enclosed trailers and vans to
      control insects that attack food products, methyl bromide gave excellent control
      of northern fowl mites infesting inanimate materials.

PMID- 6828413
TI  - Toxicity of vanadium in female Leghorn chickens.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the influence of dietary vanadium, fed after
      the onset of production, on hen day egg production, body weight changes, and
      mortality in laying breed chickens. Calcium orthovanadate was fed to 29-week-old
      female laying breed chickens at calculated levels of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ppm
      dietary vanadium for five consecutive 28-day laying periods. Hen-day egg
      production and hen body weights were not influenced by the addition of 12.5 or 25
      ppm dietary vanadium. Overall hen body weights and the hen day egg production
      were decreased in hens fed diets to which 50 ppm vanadium was added with a severe
      reduction in both parameters at 100 ppm. There were no mortalities during the
      experiment in the groups fed the 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 ppm vanadium diets. Mortality
      in the group fed the 100 ppm vanadium diet was 11, 39, and 56% at the end of the
      28-day Periods 3, 4, and 5, respectively. There were no significant differences
      in egg weights, although a trend existed for lower egg weights with increasing
      levels of dietary vanadium.

PMID- 6828414
TI  - The effect of environmental temperature on immune response and metabolism of the
      young chicken. 3. Effect of environmental temperature on the humoral immune
      response following injection of sheep red blood cells.
AB  - The effect of environmental temperature on the humoral immune response of pullets
      following injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was investigated. For this
      purpose four experiments were performed in two climate respiration chambers. In
      each experiment a standard temperature regimen of constant 25 C was maintained in
      one chamber. The temperature regimens in the other chamber were as follows: a
      constant temperature of 15 C (Experiment 1) and 35 C (Experiment 3) and a
      temperature, which fluctuated between 10 to 20 C (Experiment 2) and between 30 to
      40 C (Experiment 4). Total haemagglutinin anti-SRBC antibody titers at Day 5
      after injection were increased significantly (P less than .01) at 10 to 20 C, 35
      C, and 30 to 40 C compared to the antibody titers of pullets at 25 C. 2-Mercapto
      ethanol resistant antibody titers at Day 5 after injection were increased
      significantly (P less than .05) at 35 C and 30 to 40 C. The effect of feeding
      level and thermal acclimation on antibody titers was investigated within each
      temperature regimen. Restricted feeding at low or high temperatures increased
      antibody titers at Day 5 after injection. Exchange of pullets, just before
      injection, to low or high temperatures decreased total antibody titers at Day 5
      after injection.

PMID- 6828415
TI  - The effect of environmental temperature on immune response and metabolism of the
      young chicken. 4. Effect of environmental temperature on some aspects of energy
      and protein metabolism.
AB  - The effect of environmental temperature on some aspects of energy and protein
      metabolism of 3 to 6-weeks-old pullets was investigated in a combined
      immunological and physiological study. Four experiments were performed in two
      climate respiration chambers. In each experiment a constant standard temperature
      of 25 C was maintained in one chamber. The temperature regimens in the other
      chamber were: a constant temperature of 15 C (Experiment 1) and 35 C (Experiment
      3) and temperatures that fluctuated between 10 to 20 C (Experiment 2) and between
      30 to 40 C (Experiment 4). Four groups of 60 pullets were held at each
      temperature regimen. Treatments differed between groups in type of injection
      (phosphate buffered saline or sheep red blood cells); feeding level (ad libitum
      vs. +/- 80% of ad libitum); and length of acclimation period. At low
      temperatures, feed conversion (g feed/g growth) was higher (P less than .05) than
      at 25 C. Feed intake was increased by 12.9 (at 15 C) and 10.5% (at 10 to 20 C)
      compared to intake at 25 C. Growth rate and protein gain were not significantly
      affected by low temperatures. High temperatures reduced (P less than .05) feed
      intake (15.9% at 35 C and 14.9% at 30 to 40 C) and growth rate (12.3% at 35 C and
      12.5% at 30 to 40 C) compared to 25 C. Protein gain and feed conversion were not
      significantly affected by high temperatures. Restricted feeding reduced (P less
      than .05) growth rate (Experiments 1 to 4) and increased (P less than .05) feed
      conversion (Experiments 3 and 4). Differences due to type of injection and degree
      of acclimation were not significant.

PMID- 6828416
TI  - Consequence of increased feed allowance for growing broiler breeder pullets as a
      means of stimulating early maturity.
AB  - Two hundred and forty Hubbard X Hubbard breeder pullets, 3 weeks of age, received
      conventional quantities of feed according to the breeder's recommendation or 5,
      10, or 20% extra feed allowance. On reaching an average weight of 2.1 kg, birds
      were moved to laying cages, subjected to 14 hr of light per day, and offered a
      breeder diet at the breeder's recommended allowance. Increased feed intake
      resulted in increased growth rate such that control, +5, +10, and +20% groups
      reached 2.1 kg liveweight at 20, 18, 18, and 16 weeks, respectively. Total feed
      intake was significantly less to 2.1 kg liveweight for the younger birds. The
      early move to the laying house subsequently resulted in early maturity. However,
      these birds failed to show persistency of production after peak, there being a
      10% decline within a 4-week period. Control reared birds, starting production at
      23 weeks, exhibited a more conventional and persistent peak egg production. There
      was an indication that early maturity adversely affected egg size. The
      significant saving in pullet feed cost warrants further trials aimed at
      elucidating the mechanisms affecting persistency of production in early maturing
      broiler breeders.

PMID- 6828417
TI  - Phosphorus. 1. Effect of breed and strain on utilization of suboptimal levels of
      phosphorus in the ration.
AB  - Single Comb White Leghorn cockerel chickens were able to utilize suboptimal
      levels of phosphorus in the ration more efficiently than broiler cockerel
      chickens as measured by growth, livability, and bone calcification. The
      superiority of the Leghorn-type over the broiler-type in utilizing suboptimal
      levels of phosphorus was accentuated by high levels of calcium in the ration.
      Among broiler strains the Athens Canadian Randombred cockerel chicken utilized
      suboptimal levels of phosphorus more efficiently than the two commercial strains
      tested. The Single Comb White Leghorn chickens showed higher retention values for
      calcium, phosphorus, and phytin phosphorus than the broiler strain. High calcium
      levels in the ration caused a much lower retention of phytin phosphorus by both
      Single Comb White Leghorn and broiler chickens.

PMID- 6828418
TI  - [The function of regression in adolescence].

PMID- 6828419
TI  - [Parental evaluation of the therapy and the outcome in child psychiatric
      disorders].

PMID- 6828420
TI  - [Does the concept-behavior disordered have different dimensions?].

PMID- 6828421
TI  - [Adoption and adaptation. A report from California, USA].

PMID- 6828423
TI  - [Absence or absenteeism in public services. An unusual aspect: the opinion of the
      treating physician].

PMID- 6828422
TI  - [Admission to a "mental health institute' as a critical life event--aspects of
      cognitive representation].

PMID- 6828424
TI  - [Occupational hazards in the automobile industry].

PMID- 6828425
TI  - [The work inspector in search of a new efficiency].

PMID- 6828427
TI  - [Shift work].

PMID- 6828426
TI  - [New technologies, new pathologies?].

PMID- 6828428
TI  - [Ultrasound as an alternative for X-rays in pediatric diagnosis].

PMID- 6828430
TI  - [Medical emergencies: psychological aspects. (a survey)].

PMID- 6828429
TI  - [Arthroscopy: possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 6828431
TI  - [Incidence of laxative abuse in patients at an internal medicine outpatient
      clinic].

PMID- 6828433
TI  - [System of ambulatory care for patients with lung diseases in Hungary].

PMID- 6828432
TI  - [Method of analysis of various parameters of identifying and diagnosing
      tuberculosis in experimental areas].

PMID- 6828434
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 6828435
TI  - [Clinico-radiographic characteristics of the patients first seen at the municipal
      tuberculosis dispensary].

PMID- 6828436
TI  - [Bronchial involvement and cellular immunity in patients with an initial
      diagnosis of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6828437
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 6828438
TI  - [Diagnosis of exogenous allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 6828439
TI  - [Comparative tuberculin sensitivity in patients with sarcoidosis and
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6828440
TI  - [Efficacy of various methods of intensive preoperative care in patients with
      disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6828442
TI  - [Ultrasonic surgical instruments in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 6828441
TI  - [Efficacy of aerosol chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during
      the pre- and postoperative periods].

PMID- 6828443
TI  - [Extrapleural occlusion of hemothorax with dry fibrinogen after lung resection in
      patients with tuberculosis].

PMID- 6828444
TI  - [One-stage bilateral transsternal lobectomies in patients with tuberculosis].

PMID- 6828445
TI  - [Approaches to the improvement of rehabilitation of patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis at health resorts].

PMID- 6828446
TI  - [Instruction on preparing reports on contingents of tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 6828447
TI  - Fetal heart rate in relation to body mass.
AB  - In contrast to the inverse relation of heart rate to body mass in adult mammals,
      the heart rate of immature fetuses is unrelated to body mass and approximately
      constant among different species. With maturation, fetal heart rate decreases in
      a large mammal but tends to increase in a small mammal. These maturational
      changes reduce the difference between the heart rate of a term fetus and the
      heart rate which is "appropriate for body mass" as calculated by means of the
      allometric equation for adults. The comparative physiology of fetal heart rate
      supports the hypothesis that immature fetuses of small and large mammals have
      similar oxygen consumption rates per unit body mass.

PMID- 6828448
TI  - Water absorption in the proximal tubule: effect of bicarbonate, chloride
      gradient, and organic solutes.
AB  - Simultaneous in vivo capillary and luminal microperfusion studies were performed
      in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule of the rat to determine the effect
      of intraluminal bicarbonate, the imposition of a transepithelial chloride
      gradient, and the addition of organic solutes to the luminal perfusion solution
      on the rates of water absorption (Jv). The capillary perfusion solution contained
      NaCl, NaHCO3, and KCl. Perfusion of both capillary and lumen with the same
      solution resulted in a Jv of 3.01 +/- 0.24 nl/min/mm. Imposition of a
      transepithelial chloride gradient (equimolar substitution of NaCl for NaHCO3 in
      the luminal solution) resulted in a Jv of 3.18 +/- 0.21 nl/min/mm (P = NS).
      Addition of cyanide to both solutions in the presence of a chloride gradient
      resulted in a significantly lower Jv of 2.21 +/- 0.19 nl/min/mm. Luminal
      substitution of Na cyclamate for NaHCO3 resulted in a solution containing no
      bicarbonate and no chloride gradient. Jv averaged 0.34 +/- 0.08 nl/min/mm.
      Addition of cyanide to the solution totally inhibited Jv. The addition of D
      glucose, L-alanine, or both, to luminal solutions containing bicarbonate or in
      the presence of a chloride gradient did not significantly affect Jv. Addition of
      both organic solutes to the NaCl-Na cyclamate luminal solution resulted in a
      significantly higher Jv of 0.77 +/- 0.14 nl/min/mm. These studies indicate that
      Jv in the rat superficial proximal tubule is influenced by active sodium
      transport, by the presence of bicarbonate in the lumen, and/or by the imposition
      of a transepithelial chloride gradient. The organic solutes D-glucose and L
      alanine also influence water absorption, but this effect could only be
      demonstrated under some experimental conditions.

PMID- 6828449
TI  - Inhibition of prolactin secretion by gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in the rat.
AB  - Synthetic gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) injected intraventricularly (1
      microgram/rat), but not intravenously, suppressed rat prolactin (PRL) release
      induced by a Met-enkephalin analog, FK33-824 (10 micrograms/100 g body wt., iv).
      GRP also blunted PRL release induced by a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (1
      microgram/100 g body wt., iv). In contrast, GRP did not suppress elevated plasma
      PRL levels sustained by a large dose of domperidone (10 micrograms/100 g body
      wt., iv). GRP (10(-5) M) had no effect on PRL release from superfused pituitary
      cells in vitro. These results suggest that GRP inhibits PRL secretion in the rat
      by acting through the brain to stimulate the dopaminergic mechanism.

PMID- 6828451
TI  - Effects of dietary zinc, manganese, and copper on tissue accumulation of cadmium
      by Japanese quail.
AB  - The beneficial effects of a combined dietary supplement of Zn, Cu, and Mn in
      decreasing Cd absorption was previously reported. The purpose of this study was
      to investigate the individual and combined effects of these three elements. In
      the first two experiments, day-old Japanese quail were fed basal diets containing
      either requirement amounts of Zn (30 ppm) and Mn (12 ppm) and slightly above
      requirement levels of Cu (5 ppm). From Day 7 birds were fed either the basal diet
      or diets containing combinations at twice these concentrations; a 2 X 2 X 2
      factorial design was used. 109Cd content and Cd concentration of these diets were
      100 mu Ci and 145 micrograms/kg, respectively. In the third experiment, day-old
      birds were fed either the basal diet or a basal diet containing 109Cd and single
      additional supplements of either Zn, Cu, or Mn. All birds were killed at 14 days
      of age. The Cd concentration was determined for the duodenum, jejunum-ileum,
      liver, and kidney. When the experimental diets were fed for 7 days, only Zn had a
      protective effect against Cd. Whereas none of the elements reduced the Cd
      concentration of the duodenum, Zn reduced the Cd in the jejunum-ileum, liver, and
      kidney by approximately 66, 21, and 11%, respectively. Cu and Mn caused
      occasional increases of Cd in some tissues. Feeding the experimental diets for 2
      weeks resulted in similar responses. Zn nutrition appears to play an important
      role in protecting against dietary Cd absorption.

PMID- 6828452
TI  - Effect of palmitate or lipid emulsion on nitrogen metabolism during hyperthermic
      perfusion of rat liver.
AB  - Livers of fasted rats were perfused for one hour at 37 degrees or 42 degrees.
      Endogenous hepatic ureogenesis was increased twofold at 42 degrees and the
      release of endogenous ninhydrin-reactive amino nitrogen was not changed by
      hyperthermia. Exogenous amino acids at 10 times the normal plasma concentration
      stimulated hepatic ureogenesis sevenfold at 37 degrees and over twofold at 42
      degrees. Exogenous amino acids stimulated hepatic amino acid uptake at 37
      degrees. Uptake of the exogenous amino acids at 42 degrees was about 40% of that
      observed at 37 degrees. However, exogenous amino acid uptake in the presence of 1
      mM palmitate was not altered at 42 degrees. Ureogenesis in the presence of
      supplemental amino acids and palmitate was significantly reduced at 37 degrees
      and moderately reduced at 42 degrees, suggesting decreased amino acid catabolism.
      Ten percent Intralipid, a clinically available lipid emulsion primarily
      consisting of triglycerides in a physical form similar to chylomicrons at a
      perfusate concentration of 1 ml/100 ml, did not markedly alter hepatic
      ureogenesis or amino acid dynamics at 37 degrees or 42 degrees in the presence or
      absence of amino acids. It is concluded that palmitate blocks the adverse effect
      of hyperthermia on hepatic amino acid uptake.

PMID- 6828453
TI  - Inhibition of prolactin secretion delays extinction of circadian LH surges in
      ovariectomized rats bearing estradiol implants.
AB  - Ovariectomized rats bearing Silastic capsules containing estradiol exhibit a
      daily afternoon surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) which decreases with time until
      it is undetectable by Day 10 after implantation of estradiol. Increases in basal
      prolactin levels as well as afternoon surges are also observed. To determine if
      increased prolactin secretion contributed to the extinction of the circadian LH
      surges, we examined the patterns of LH and prolactin secretion in rats in which
      prolactin was suppressed by bromocriptine treatment. In vehicle-treated control
      rats, the magnitude of the LH surges decreased with time. Large LH surges were
      observed on Days 2 and 4. A significant decrease in the surge occurred on Day 6,
      and it disappeared by Day 10. Animals treated with bromocriptine also exhibited
      large LH surges on Days 2 and 4, and in addition, secreted a greater amount of LH
      than the control group on Days 6, 8, and 10. In ovariectomized rats bearing
      estradiol implants, large afternoon surges in prolactin were observed and by Day
      6, basal prolactin levels were also elevated. Bromocriptine treatment completely
      suppressed prolactin secretion through Day 6, but a small afternoon rise was
      observed on Days 8 and 10. These findings suggest that elevated prolactin
      secretion may be one factor contributing to the extinction of circadian LH surges
      in the estrogen-treated rat.

PMID- 6828450
TI  - Liposome uptake into human colon adenocarcinoma cells in monolayer, spinner, and
      trypsinized cultures.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to begin investigating the nature of liposome
      interactions with colon tumor cells. Thus, experiments were performed to study
      the uptake and incorporation of multilamellar and of reverse-phase evaporation
      liposomes of neutral charge into monolayers, suspended spinner cultures, and
      trypsinized cells of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, LS174T. The results
      showed that the same tumor cells cultured under each condition exhibited a
      distinct pattern of vesicle uptake as determined at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min.
      In monolayer cultures of LS174T cells, the uptake of liposomes bearing
      [3H]actinomycin D in the lipid bilayers was linear throughout the incubation
      period. In contrast, in trypsinized and spinner suspension cultures, uptake of
      liposomes was biphasic. There was a proportional uptake of both liposome (labeled
      with [3H]phosphatidylcholine or [14C]cholesterol) and of actinomycin D (trace
      labeled with 3H) into the cells under all culture conditions, indicating
      quantitative delivery of the drug with the intact lipid vesicle. Although the
      amount of actinomycin D presented to tumor cells by the two liposomes was
      equivalent, reverse-phase evaporation liposomes were more effective than
      multilamellar vesicles in inhibiting uridine uptake. In the presence of excess
      liposomes (10 times the uptake studies), saturation of the tumor cell surface
      occurred by 120 min. However, the liposomes remained accessible to enzymatic
      removal for 60 min. Liposome-saturated tumor cells remained refractory to further
      binding of liposomes for at least 2 hr. The results thus revealed that
      differences in cell uptake were due to the state of the target cells and not the
      liposome types, or their differential leakage of labels.

PMID- 6828454
TI  - Effect of androgens on the ovarian morphology of the hypophysectomized rat.
AB  - Experiments were designed to study the short-term effects of androgens on ovarian
      follicular morphology in immature, hypophysectomized rats. Rats were given 1 mg
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) daily for 5 days. On the fifth day, they were treated
      with 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and flutamide
      metabolite, alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-lactotoluidide (FM)
      alone and in combination and killed 24 hr later. One group of rats received DES
      alone. Ovarian serial sections (5 mum) were observed in each treatment for the
      presence of pyknotic nuclei as an index of atresia. Diameter of the follicles was
      measured, a percentage of atretic follicles was calculated, and the data were
      analyzed for all size follicles, follicles 150 mum or less (small), and follicles
      measuring over 150 mum (large). The results show that DHT and DHT plus T
      increased follicular atresia when all follicle sizes were considered. None of the
      treatments significantly changed follicular atresia in small follicles. In large
      follicles, both DHT and T increased follicular atresia. Furthermore, FM prevented
      T-induced atresia while by itself FM had no effect on follicular morphology. That
      the FM decreased the action of T in promoting atresia adds support to the
      conclusion that T promotes atresia by inhibiting the follicular growth promoting
      action of DES in the ovary. Also, this study shows that DHT promotes follicular
      atresia.

PMID- 6828455
TI  - Chromatography of erythroblasts on immobilized transferrin.
AB  - Affinity chromatography with immobilized transferrin has been used to effect a
      partial purification of erythroblasts and reticulocytes from bone marrow. Human
      transferrin was covalently attached to Sepharose CL-2B, Bio-Gel A-1.5, A-0.5, P
      20, P-6, P-4, and P-2, and Sephadex G-75. Nucleated erythroid cells bound to the
      greatest degree to the polyacrylamide P-6 bead, whereas reticulocytes had the
      greatest affinity for the Sepharose CL-2B bead. The polyacrylamide P-6 bead has a
      greater density of surface groups than the Sepharose bead, and this correlates to
      the greater density of transferrin receptors on erythroblasts. The beads were
      used in a column which contained a central stirring bar with multiple
      crosspieces. The stirrer provided a method to uniformly agitate the beads to
      facilitate elution of the cells bound to the matrix. Approximately 1-2 x 10(8)
      bone marrow cells could be applied to a 25-ml matrix bed. This procedure resulted
      in a considerable resolution of cell types and gave a high yield of reticulocytes
      and erythroblasts from rat and rabbit bone marrow.

PMID- 6828456
TI  - A comparison of pituitary cells from lean and obese Zucker Rats.
AB  - Pituitary cells were isolated from lean and obese Zucker rats and compared with
      the use of two approaches. The first approach was to evaluate the capacity of an
      equal number of pituitary cells to stimulate growth in hypophysectomized rats.
      The rats implanted with lean pituitary cells grew at a similar rate as rats
      implanted with obese pituitary cells. Body composition was also determined to be
      similar in those rats receiving lean and obese rat pituitary cells. The second
      approach was to evaluate the in vitro secretory capacity of rat pituitary cells
      when placed in a superfusion system. Basal and stimulated growth hormone release
      was the same for lean and obese rat pituitary cells. These data support the
      hypothesis that the low level of serum growth hormone found in the Zucker obese
      rat is the result of a hypothalamic disorder and not a pituitary cell defect.

PMID- 6828458
TI  - Cell shape and phenotypic expression in chondrocytes.
AB  - The relationship between cell shape, proliferation, and phenotypic expression was
      studied in human chondrocytes. Shape was controlled independent of serum
      concentration, anchorage, and cell density by alteration of substratum
      adhesiveness with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly[HEMA]). Cells that were
      held rounded displayed features of the chondrocyte phenotype; i.e., they were
      round, proliferated slowly, incorporated low levels of [3H]thymidine into DNA,
      and incorporated large amounts of 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans. In contrast,
      cells that were held flat were fibroblast-like: they exhibited flattened
      morphology, more rapid growth, greater incorporation of [3H]thymidine, and less
      incorporation of 35SO4. These studies suggest that cell shape may play an
      important role in phenotypic expression in chondrocytes.

PMID- 6828457
TI  - Fibronectin in foreign body-induced sarcomas and preneoplastic cells.
AB  - Foreign body (FB)-induced murine sarcoma cells and advanced preneoplastic cells
      as well as normal fibroblasts produce fibronectin (FN) in primary culture; cells
      at early preneoplasia do not. Hence, the neoplastic properties of FB-induced
      sarcomas do not depend on absence of FN. Temporary FN repression during early
      preneoplasia is associated with certain phenotypic cell characteristics.

PMID- 6828461
TI  - Mortality, hemodynamics, and aortic properties among male and female turkeys fed
      beta-aminopropionitrile.
AB  - Broad-Breasted White turkeys were randomized into four treatment groups at 4
      weeks of age in each of three trials. Group 1, males, and Group 2, females, were
      fed an unsupplemented (control) diet from 4 to 10 weeks of age. Group 3, males,
      and Group 4, females, were fed the control diet supplemented with 0.07% beta
      aminopropionitrile (BAPN). The experiments were terminated at 10 weeks of age.
      There was no mortality among male and female turkeys fed the control diet or
      significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, aortic tensile strength,
      or aortic hydroxyproline between these males and females. Sixty-five percent of
      the males and 21% of the females fed BAPN died of dissecting aneurysms; blood
      pressure, heart rate, and dp/dt max were not altered as a result of feeding BAPN.
      Aortic tensile strength was higher in control turkeys than those fed BAPN, but
      males fed BAPN had the lowest value. Males fed BAPN also had the lowest aortic
      hydroxyproline content. Ultrastructural alterations of aortic elastic and
      collagen fibers were more severe in males than females fed BAPN. Aortic changes
      did not occur in control turkeys.

PMID- 6828459
TI  - Cartilage metabolism during growth retardation following irradiation of the head
      of the neonatal rat.
AB  - The heads of 2-day-old male and female rats were irradiated with a single dose of
      600 rads X irradiation, a dose which is known to stunt body weight, tibial
      length, and tail length, in order to ascertain its effects on synthesis by
      cartilage of sulfated proteoglycans, DNA, chondroprotein, and collagen as
      determined by utilization of [35S]sulfate, [Me-3H]thymidine, [1-14C]leucine, and
      [3,4-3H]proline, respectively. Data have been collected at 20-21, 23, 41-45, and
      70-71 days of age. In comparison to controls, growth in body weight, tibial
      length, and tail length was significantly retarded in irradiated rats of both
      sexes. Although slow catch-up growth was observed with respect to tail length in
      both sexes and tibial length in females, a significant deficit in body weight in
      irradiated rats in both sexes remained at 70-71 days. Cartilage metabolism as
      evidenced by incorporation of the labeled substances showed no significant
      disturbance just prior to weaning (20-21 days) or after completion of the
      principal growth surge (70-71 days). Reduced sulfate and thymidine incorporation
      attributable to a brief period of undernutrition associated with weaning occurred
      in head-irradiated rats immediately following weaning (23 days). Increased
      isotope incorporation occurred at 41-45 days of age in cartilage of irradiated
      rats incubated with labeled sulfate, leucine, and proline; it did not increase
      with labeled thymidine. We conclude that neonatal head irradiation slows the rate
      of growth through the age of most rapid postnatal growth in normal rats. The
      pattern of cartilage metabolism during this time can be the result either of
      stimulation by a factor other than somatomedin, or selective inhibition of
      cartilage thymidine incorporation acting in combination with somatomedin.

PMID- 6828460
TI  - Restoration of phosphaturia in phosphate-deprived rats in the presence of both
      parathyroid hormone and phosphate infusion.
AB  - The present study tested the hypothesis that the combination of parathyroid
      hormone and phosphate infusion would be phosphaturic in phosphate-deprived rats.
      Clearance experiments were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a low-phosphate
      diet for 4 days. The animals were first given a phosphate infusion and then
      administered parathyroid hormone. The reverse experiment was also performed in a
      second group of rats by giving the hormone first followed by a phosphate
      infusion. There was no increase in phosphate excretion in response to phosphate
      infusion or parathyroid hormone given alone. However, the combination of
      parathyroid hormone and phosphate infusions, given in either order, was
      phosphaturic in phosphate-deprived rats.

PMID- 6828462
TI  - Matrix vesicles in atherosclerotic calcification.
AB  - Matrix vesicles, small extracellular membranous structures, are known to be the
      initial loci of calcification of cartilage, bone, and dentin. Calcification is an
      important complication of atherosclerosis. Using histologic, ultrastructural, and
      cytochemical techniques, the present study has demonstrated that matrix vesicle
      like structures are involved in the calcification of atherosclerotic lesions, as
      well as in arterial medial calcification. In aortas from autopsied humans and
      from rabbits and chickens on atherogenic diets, the matrix vesicles appear to be
      derived from intimal and medial cellular components, mainly smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6828463
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormone on the gluconeogenic capacity of lipemic BHE rats.
AB  - Gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis from a variety of substrates by isolated
      hepatocytes from thyroxine-treated and control 40-hr starved BHE rats were
      determined. Thyroid hormone treatment stimulated glucose production from lactate
      and inhibited glucose production from alanine, lactate plus NH4Cl, or glutamate.
      beta-Hydroxybutyrate production by cells incubated with glycerol was decreased in
      the cells from thyroxine-treated rats. Glycerol had a greater antiketogenic
      effect in the thyroxine-treated rats than in the control rats. Acetoacetate
      production from 10:1 lactate:pyruvate, lactate plus NH4Cl, lactate plus lysine,
      and lactate plus ethanol was also less in the hepatocytes from the thyroxine
      treated rats. Acetoacetate production from alanine was increased by thyroxine
      treatment. From these results it can be suggested that the metabolic
      abnormalities previously reported in the BHE rats can, in part, be attributable
      to abnormalities in endogenous thyroid hormone action and in part due to some as
      yet unknown regulatory process within the liver cell.

PMID- 6828465
TI  - Identification of the virus-specific proteins of respiratory syncytial virus
      temperature-sensitive mutants by immunoprecipitation.
AB  - The proteins of Long strain RSV and three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of
      the A2 strain were compared by pulse labeling virus-infected cells with
      [35S]methionine and [3H]glucosamine followed by analysis of the cell lysates by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At the permissive temperature (30 degrees)
      proteins ranging in molecular weight from 24,000 to 50,000 (VP24, VP27, VP33,
      VP44) could be identified. Immunoprecipitation of viral lysates by immune rabbit
      serum demonstrated antigenic similarity with VP27, VP44, VP50, and VP67 in all ts
      mutants and Long strain RSV. [3H]Glucosamine labeling demonstrated glycoproteins
      of 90,000 (GP90) and 50,000 (GP50) in Long strain and GP90 in the ts mutants.

PMID- 6828464
TI  - Vasodilator responses to cholinergic and adrenergic stimulants in spontaneously
      hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of isoprenaline, methacholine, and sodium
      nitroprusside were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and in Wistar
      Kyoto normotensive (WKY) rats. In conscious rats with chronic indwelling arterial
      cannulae, methacholine caused a much greater fall in mean arterial blood pressure
      (MAP) in SHR rats, abolishing the initial 30-40 mm Hg difference in MAP at a dose
      of 2.5 micrograms/kg. The hypotensive response to methacholine was accompanied by
      reflex tachycardia in WKY rats but by a dose-related bradycardia in SHR rats.
      Isoprenaline increased heart rate and reduced blood pressure to a similar extent
      in rats of both strains. Administration of sodium nitroprusside resulted in a
      hypotensive response that was of greater duration in SHR rats. In addition, the
      reflex tachycardia was more marked and of greater duration in WKY compared to SHR
      rats. This demonstrates that the baroreflex response to vasodilation is
      suppressed in SHR rats and that this may contribute to the increased
      vasodepressor response of these animals to methacholine. However, when
      baroreflexes but not initial MAP were suppressed with pentobarbital, methacholine
      caused a similar degree of bradycardia in SHR and WKY rats but a greater
      vasodepressor response in SHR rats. With isoprenaline, the MAP difference between
      strains was maintained at all doses up to 200 ng/kg. Although it is not yet clear
      what is responsible for the increased vascular constriction of SHR rats, our
      findings suggest that it can be removed by muscarinic receptor activation with
      methacholine but not by stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 6828467
TI  - Neuroendocrine evidence that tetrabenazine is a dopamine antagonist.
AB  - Tetrabenazine is considered to be a reserpine-like drug because of its ability to
      block dopamine storage in presynaptic vesicles. We used two methods to determine
      that tetrabenazine is also a dopamine antagonist. Tetrabenazine displaced the
      specific [3H]spiperone binding to the dopamine receptors of the anterior
      pituitary, the corpus striatum, and a transplantable rat pituitary tumor with
      values for 50% displacement (IC50) of about 15 microM. Under in vitro conditions,
      0.5 to 10 microM tetrabenazine blocked dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin
      secretion from rat anterior pituitary glands. One, four, and twenty-four hours
      after a single tetrabenazine injection (30 mg/kg, ip), the serum prolactin
      changed from 22 +/- 9 ng/ml initially, to 450 +/- 52, 254.7 +/- 10.4, and 9.3 +/-
      1.1 ng/ml, respectively. Pituitary glands of the treated rats incubated in vitro
      were refractory to dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release to an extent that
      was maximal at one hour but inapparent by 24 hours after injection. In vivo and
      in vitro, tetrabenazine induces biological responses characteristic of a dopamine
      antagonist. These actions are independent of the reserpine-like properties of
      tetrabenazine. The unusual ability of tetrabenazine both to antagonize dopamine
      and to block presynaptic dopamine storage may provide a new tool for
      understanding the physiology of dopaminergic systems.

PMID- 6828466
TI  - Permeability of polyethylene glycol in remnant small bowel after massive
      intestinal resection.
AB  - Studies were designed to determine if permeability of adapted (remnant) small
      bowel mucosa to polyethylene glycol (PEG) was altered after major intestinal
      resection. Rats underwent 50% small bowel resection with preservation of duodenum
      and terminal ileum. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Two and four weeks
      later we cannulated the portal vein and measured mucosal permeability to luminal
      [3H]PEG and [14C]PEG in isotonic Ringer solution in remnant proximal or distal in
      situ closed intestinal loops. A lumen-to-portal blood gradient of at least 1000/1
      persisted throughout the one-hour experimental period in both resected and sham
      operated animals. Thus the adapted remnant intestinal mucosa was highly
      impermeable to luminal radiotracer PEG. In separate experiments 2 and 4 weeks
      after 70% small bowel resection or sham operation, in vivo segments of proximal
      and distal small intestinal were perfused through the lumen for one hour with
      hypertonic (800 mOsm) mannitol or NaCl solution containing [3H]PEG. There was
      equal and almost total recovery of [3H]PEG at the end of the experimental period
      in resected and control animals. The combined data of all experiments indicate
      that radiotracer PEG may be confidently used as a luminal water phase marker in
      transport studies of remnant bowel following intestinal resection.

PMID- 6828468
TI  - Critical period for neonatal estrogen exposure in occurrence of mammary gland
      abnormalities in adult mice.
AB  - There exists a critical period for the development of cervicovaginal lesions in
      both mice and humans exposed neonatally and antenatally to sex hormones. Mammary
      glands from year-old female BALB/c mice exposed neonatally to 20 micrograms
      estradiol for 5 days commencing at 1 day of age showed the most mammary
      abnormalities, significantly greater than in controls (P less than 0.005). The
      incidence of abnormalities declined when treatment was begun after Day 1.
      Treatments begun after Day 3 did not result in this structural pattern. Mice
      ovariectomized after treatment all had inactive mammary glands with no
      abnormalities. There is a critical exposure period for the later occurrence of
      mammary gland abnormalities. However, the aberrant secretory state which
      accompanies these mammary gland alterations may be a consequence of permanent
      alteration in ovarian function or its endocrine control.

PMID- 6828469
TI  - Analysis of autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall kidney glycoprotein to detect
      patients with urinary tract infection at risk to develop renal scarring.

PMID- 6828470
TI  - Gonococcal membrane proteins: speculation on their role in pathogenesis.

PMID- 6828471
TI  - Nutrition and cardiovascular disease. US-Italy Symposium on Nutrition and
      Cardiovascular Disease, Rome, December 5, 1980.

PMID- 6828473
TI  - Metabolism of lipoproteins in the postprandial phase.

PMID- 6828472
TI  - Studies on diet and plasma lipids in Naples.

PMID- 6828474
TI  - An Italian preventive trial of coronary heart disease: the Rome Project of
      Coronary Heart Disease Prevention.

PMID- 6828475
TI  - Relation between coronary heart disease and certain elements in water and diet.

PMID- 6828476
TI  - Limb development and regeneration. Part A: Proceedings of the Third International
      Conference on Limb Morphogenesis and Regeneration. University of Connecticut,
      Storrs, June 27-July 2, 1982.

PMID- 6828479
TI  - Genetic modification of limb morphogenesis.

PMID- 6828477
TI  - Vitamin A and the control of pattern in developing limbs.

PMID- 6828478
TI  - A freeze-fracture and morphometric analysis of gap junctions of limb bud cells:
      initial studies on a possible mechanism for morphogenetic signalling during
      development.

PMID- 6828480
TI  - Regulation along the antero-posterior axis of the chick wing bud.

PMID- 6828482
TI  - Regulation in the chick limb skeleton. Morphogenetic relations between long bone
      rudiments and joints.

PMID- 6828481
TI  - The fluid flow dynamics in the developing chick wing.
AB  - The results of previous studies on the temporal sequence of limb vascularization
      suggest that prospective morphogenetic areas of the limb are distinguished by a
      differential vascularization pattern prior to the overt expression of distinctive
      phenotypes (Evans, 1909; Caplan and Koutroupas, 1972; Feinberg and Saunders,
      1982). The experiments presented here reveal the dynamic aspects of limb
      vasculogenesis by detailing how a particulate tracer, india ink, is dispersed by
      the complex vascular tree. Data are presented as a temporal sequence of fluid
      flow maps which indicate the direction and specific rate of vascular flow in the
      limb. Our observations suggest that the limb is subcompartmentalized into
      discrete microenvironments that are spatially distinct with regard to their
      capacity for transporting a particulate tracer. The developmental significance of
      these observations may be that limb mesenchymal cells are granted precise
      "positional information" in the form of the specific nutrient and oxygen levels
      they encounter during critical phases of limb morphogenesis.

PMID- 6828483
TI  - Role of cell death in the morphogenesis of the amniote limbs.

PMID- 6828484
TI  - Development of motor innervation of chick limbs.

PMID- 6828485
TI  - The control of axon outgrowth in the developing chick wing.

PMID- 6828487
TI  - Familiarity breeds contempt: the behaviour of axons in foreign and familiar
      environments.

PMID- 6828486
TI  - The response of avian hindlimb motor and sensory neurons to an altered periphery.

PMID- 6828488
TI  - Nerve muscle specificity in the developing limb.

PMID- 6828489
TI  - The control of axial polarity: A. A low molecular weight morphogen affecting the
      ectodermal ridge B. Ectodermal control of the dorsoventral axis.

PMID- 6828490
TI  - Cellular and collagen fibrillar polarity in developing chick limb tendon.

PMID- 6828492
TI  - Morphogenesis of the dermal skeleton in the teleosts fins.

PMID- 6828491
TI  - The early growth and morphogenesis of limb cartilage.

PMID- 6828493
TI  - Parameters establishing the location and nature of the tetrapod limb.

PMID- 6828494
TI  - Pathogenesis of limb malformations in mice: an electron microscopic study.

PMID- 6828495
TI  - Use of gene linkage to detect limbs destined to be malformed by the dominant gene
      Dominant hemimelia.

PMID- 6828496
TI  - Vascular patterns in the malformed hindlimb of DH/+/- mice.

PMID- 6828497
TI  - Congenital tibial aplasia with polydactyly: implications of arterial anatomy for
      abnormal limb morphogenesis.

PMID- 6828499
TI  - Development of mouse limbs in organ culture: dose dependent retinoic acid-induced
      defects evaluated using image analysis.

PMID- 6828501
TI  - Changes in plasma membrane proteins and glycoproteins during normal and brachypod
      mouse limb development.

PMID- 6828500
TI  - Rescue from disproportionate dwarfism in mice by means of caffeine modulation of
      the 4-hour early effect of excessive vitamin A.

PMID- 6828502
TI  - Correlations between necrotic patterns and limb skeletal defects induced by
      antimitotic drugs in the mouse.

PMID- 6828498
TI  - Studies on a limbless mutant in the chick embryo.

PMID- 6828504
TI  - Thalidomide and the neural crest.

PMID- 6828503
TI  - Bioactivation of thalidomide by a monkey liver fraction in a rat limb culture
      system.
AB  - The effect of thalidomide on a rat limb bud system has been studied in vitro.
      Thalidomide and adult monkey liver supernatants activated with cofactors for the
      mixed function monooxygenase system inhibited growth. Similar preparations from
      the rat did not inhibit growth. Planimetric measures of the surface area of limb
      buds were found to correlate closely with their protein contents. The ability to
      compare metabolizing systems from different mammals may be useful in
      extrapolating teratologic data between different species.

PMID- 6828506
TI  - Limb anomalies as a consequence of spatially-restricting uterine environments.

PMID- 6828507
TI  - Unique pattern of limb malformations associated with carbonic anhydrase
      inhibition.

PMID- 6828505
TI  - Postamputational healing of mouse digits modified by trauma.

PMID- 6828508
TI  - Positional memory in vertebrate limb development and regeneration.

PMID- 6828509
TI  - Vitamin A and the control of pattern in regenerating limbs.

PMID- 6828512
TI  - Morphogenesis of the regenerating limb blastema of the axolotl: shape, autonomy
      and pattern.

PMID- 6828511
TI  - Amphibian limb regeneration: distal transformation.

PMID- 6828510
TI  - Ectoderm/mesoderm recombination, dissociation and cell aggregation studies in
      normal and talpids mutant avian embryos.

PMID- 6828513
TI  - Regeneration of skeletal muscle in Notophthalmus viridescens.

PMID- 6828514
TI  - Method for 3-dimensional analysis of patterns of thymidine labeling in
      regenerating and developing limbs.

PMID- 6828516
TI  - Regional differences of protein synthesis in the limb regeneration blastema of
      the axolotl.

PMID- 6828515
TI  - Effects of partial denervation on the newt blastema cell cycle.

PMID- 6828517
TI  - Growth and the origin of additional structures in reduplicated chick wings.

PMID- 6828518
TI  - Pattern regulation during urodele limb regeneration: the effects of atypical
      bases.

PMID- 6828520
TI  - The shaping of triplicated tips in crayfish legs.

PMID- 6828519
TI  - The role of ionic current in the regeneration and development of the amphibian
      limb.

PMID- 6828522
TI  - Do chick limb bud cells have positional information?

PMID- 6828523
TI  - Positional signalling by retinoic acid in the developing chick wing.

PMID- 6828525
TI  - [Alcohol in the blood. I].

PMID- 6828521
TI  - New insights into the problem of pattern regulation in the limb bud of the chick
      embryo.

PMID- 6828524
TI  - Polarizing activity of the avian limb examined on a cellular basis.

PMID- 6828526
TI  - [Specific agents in dermatologic therapy. II].

PMID- 6828527
TI  - Methylphenidate decreases local glucose metabolism in the motor cortex.
AB  - The local cerebral metabolism on glucose (l-CMRg) was evaluated in animals given
      methylphenidate (15 mg/kg) in order to investigate possible mechanisms of action
      of the drug. Significant increases in l-CMRg (p greater than 0.05) were found in
      the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, subthalamic
      nucleus, inferior olive, red nucleus, lateral cerebellar cortex, ventral lateral
      nucleus of the thalamus and the midbrain reticular formation. Significant
      decreases (p greater than 0.05) in l-CMRg were found in the motor cortex. These
      results suggest possible mechanisms for methylphenidate's action in attention
      deficit disorders.

PMID- 6828528
TI  - Lethality of pentazocine and tripelennamine combinations in mice housed
      individually and in groups.
AB  - Lethality of 80 mg/kg pentazocine alone; 40 mg/kg tripelennamine alone; 20 mg/kg
      tripelennamine in combination with 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg pentazocine; and 40 mg/kg
      tripelennamine in combination with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg pentazocine was
      determined in mice housed individually and in groups. Results indicate that the
      lethality of pentazocine and tripelennamine combinations in mice is (1) dose
      dependent, (2) potentiated relative to either drug alone, and (3) greater in
      group-housed than in individually-housed animals.

PMID- 6828529
TI  - Phenobarbital and d-amphetamine effects on discrimination performance of rats and
      juvenile baboons.
AB  - Hungry rats in Skinner boxes were trained to select the right or left lever as
      correct as a function of the presence of a tone or light stimulus, respectively.
      Correct responses produced liquid food rewards. Acute intraperitoneal
      administration of d-amphetamine or phenobarbital did not affect accuracy of
      performance, but decreased the percent trials attempted and lengthened response
      times as a function of increasing doses. The mean extra responses during the
      delay intervals generally decreased under phenobarbital and increased under d
      amphetamine. Juvenile baboons were trained to respond on a delayed match-to
      sample task in order to obtain banana pellet rewards. Acute intramuscular
      administration of phenobarbital produced a dose-related increase in errors, a
      decrease in mean extra responses and an increase in response times. A slight
      reduction in the percent trials attempted occurred only at the highest dose of
      the drug. Acute intramuscular d-amphetamine did not increase errors even at dose
      levels that increased reaction times, decreased extra responses and reduced the
      percent trials attempted.

PMID- 6828530
TI  - A comparison of the subjective and cardiovascular effects of cocaine and
      lidocaine in humans.
AB  - Four normal adult volunteers were given intravenous injections of 16, 32 and 48
      mg cocaine, lidocaine, or saline, once daily. Heart rate, blood pressure and
      responses on the Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and
      a locally developed drug effects questionnaire were measured periodically before
      and after drug or placebo injection. The profile of action of cocaine was
      significantly different from that produced by lidocaine or placebo whereas the
      effects of lidocaine were indistinguishable from those of placebo.

PMID- 6828531
TI  - The effect of 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septum on schedule-induced
      drinking, wheelrunning and corticosterone levels in the rat.
AB  - In a series of four experiments the relationship between 6-OHDA lesions of the
      nucleus accumbens septum (NAS), schedule-induced behaviors and plasma
      corticosterone levels was explored. Data from the first experiment show a
      significant decrease in water intake during a scheduled food delivery test hour
      for 6-OHDA lesioned groups of rats compared with sham or non-lesioned groups of
      rats, while during the remaining 23 hours of the day water intake was the same
      for 6-OHDA lesioned and sham lesioned groups. In a second experiment similar
      decreases in schedule-induced wheelrunning were observed for 6-OHDA lesioned rats
      when compared with sham lesioned rats. Data from a third experiment showed
      significant increases in plasma corticosterone levels of rats in the presence of
      a scheduled food delivery compared with rats given non-scheduled food. In a
      fourth experiment it was shown that 6-OHDA lesions of the NAS abolish this
      increase of corticosterone levels in rats on a food delivery schedule. These data
      extend the findings of Robbins and Koob [19] and show a more general involvement
      of the dopaminergic pathways of the NAS in schedule-induced behaviors and in
      concomitant plasma corticosterone changes.

PMID- 6828534
TI  - Behavioral tolerance to stimulating effects of pentobarbital: a within-subject
      determination.
AB  - Squirrel monkeys were trained to press a lever under a multiple schedule of food
      presentation. In one stimulus condition responses that terminated interresponse
      times greater than 28 sec were followed by food presentation. In the other
      stimulus condition, an interval schedule of food presentation was presented that
      provided approximately the same frequency and distribution of food delivery as
      that observed under the interresponse-time schedule. Except when it was
      administered for the first time, 5.6 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital produced reliable
      increases in responding during the interresponse-time schedule. Behavioral
      tolerance to the rate-increasing effect was assessed in individual subjects by
      first administering the drug daily following each session, and then giving it
      daily before each session. Following post-session drugging, the effects of 5.6
      mg/kg were not changed, but tolerance developed when the drug was administered
      pre-session. The way in which tolerance developed was consistent with the
      reinforcement-loss hypothesis.

PMID- 6828533
TI  - Cortical spreading depression blocks naloxone-induced escape behaviour in
      morphine pretreated mice.
AB  - Mice treated with morphine (100 mg/kg SC) and 3 hr later with naloxone (30 mg/kg)
      developed an acute abstinence syndrome characterized by escape attempts (rearing,
      wall-climbing, jumping) and unconditioned motor (head-shaking, jerking) and
      visceral signs. Functional decortication by spreading depression (SD), elicited
      15 min before naloxone injection by epidural application of 25% KCl, abolished
      the escape behaviour without interfering with other abstinence signs.
      Electrophysiological recording confirmed reliable generation of cortical SD waves
      under the conditions of the experiment. The SD effect indicates that the escape
      behaviour of morphine dependent mice is a conditioned compensatory response to
      the unconditioned effects of the drugs.

PMID- 6828532
TI  - Amphetamine effects on long term potentiation in dentate granule cells.
AB  - Long term potentiation (LTP) has received considerable attention as a
      neurophysiological analog of memory. Amphetamine, as well as several other
      catecholamine agonists, can enhance behaviorally-assessed memory storage in a
      variety of training situations. The present experiments tested the effects of
      amphetamine on LTP produced by high frequency stimulation of the perforant path
      in rats. The results indicate that amphetamine can enhance the development of LTP
      under some but not all testing procedures. Studies of the neurobiological bases
      by which central and peripheral catecholamines modulate memory storage may be
      augmented by examinations of catecholamine effects on a specific form of long
      lasting change in brain function. Similarly, the ability to manipulate LTP may
      prove to be an important aid in examinations of neurobiological correlates of
      this phenomenon.

PMID- 6828535
TI  - Further characterization of a simple, automated exploratory model for the
      anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.
AB  - Anxiolytics specifically increase the number of exploratory transitions in a two
      chambered model system for anxiety in mice. Characterization of parameters to
      optimize and standardize this model required analysis of multiple use of test
      animals, intertrial interval, and circadian variability. Time of day did not
      affect exploratory activity in mice treated with vehicle or diazepam between 10
      a.m. and 11 p.m. Intertrial intervals of 1, 3, 5, or 7 days were equally
      effective. The diazepam-induced increase in exploratory activity was significant
      over the first three uses of test animals. These data recommend reuse of mice to
      a maximum of three trials, throughout the daytime or evening hours of their
      lighting schedule.

PMID- 6828536
TI  - Cyclazocine disruption of operant behavior is antagonized by naloxone and
      metergoline.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to press a lever on a fixed ratio-40 (FR
      40) schedule for food reinforcement. Doses ranging from 0.5 to 16 mg/kg of the
      mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist cyclazocine (30-min pretreatment) resulted in a
      dose-dependent decrease in the number of reinforcements obtained and a reciprocal
      increase in "pausing" (IRT's greater than 10 sec). A 5-min pretreatment with 4
      mg/kg of the narcotic antagonist naloxone attenuated the cyclazocine disruption.
      The 5-HT antagonist metergoline (1 mg/kg; 180-min pretreatment) also blocked
      cyclazocine effects to approximately the same degree as did naloxone. However,
      the shift of the dose response pattern of cyclazocine was not parallel for either
      antagonist. A greater degree of attenuation of the cyclazocine effects was
      observed when naloxone (4 mg/kg) and metergoline (0.1 mg/kg) were given together,
      indicating that cyclazocine disruption may be antagonized by either a narcotic
      antagonist or a 5-HT antagonist, and that these antagonists may operate
      synergistically. Thus, the behavioral effects of cyclazocine may relate to both
      opioid and serotonergic components.

PMID- 6828538
TI  - Effects of diazepam and diphenylhydantoin on elicited and spontaneous seizures in
      kindled rats: a double dissociation.
AB  - Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was more effective than diphenylhydantoin (100 mg/kg) in
      suppressing motor seizures elicited in kindled rats by amygdaloid stimulation;
      however, the effect of these drugs on the incidence of spontaneous motor seizures
      in rats kindled by amygdaloid stimulation was just the opposite. At the same
      doses, diphenylhydantoin effectively suppressed spontaneous motor seizures, but
      diazepam did not. This double dissociation suggests the need for caution in
      drawing inferences concerning spontaneously recurring seizures from studies of
      elicited seizures.

PMID- 6828537
TI  - Increased carbohydrate consumption by rats as a function of 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      administration.
AB  - Dietary self-selection was examined following the administration of the
      glucoprivic agent, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), in adult male rats given access to
      separate sources of the three macronutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate. All
      animals received injections (IP) of saline, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg 2-DG with
      nutrient intakes measured at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hrs following injections. Animals
      consumed significantly more carbohydrate at 4, 6 and 24 hrs after injections of
      500 and 750 mg/kg 2-DG than after saline injections. In contrast, fat intake was
      significantly suppressed by all three doses of 2-DG at 2 hr, by 250 and 750 mg/kg
      2-DG at 4 and 6 hrs, and by 750 mg/kg 2-DG at 24 hr after injections. Protein
      intake was significantly decreased by all three doses of 2-DG at 2 hr after
      injections. As a result of the increase in carbohydrate intake and complimentary
      decrease in fat intake following 2-DG injections, total caloric intake of animals
      given the self-selection regime was not modified as a function of drug
      administration. In comparison, rats given a single nutritionally complete diet
      (ground Purina Laboratory Chow) consumed significantly more calories following 2
      DG administration than following saline injections. The ability of animals to
      make appropriate modifications in nutrient selection following regulatory
      challenges is discussed.

PMID- 6828539
TI  - Spatial working memory in rats: effects of monoaminergic antagonists.
AB  - To assess the possible involvement of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters
      norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the maintenance of spatial working
      memory rats were treated with antagonists 0 or 2 hr after completing the first 4
      choices in an 8 arm maze. Haloperidol (0.25-1 mg/kg), when administered 2 hr
      after Choice 4, produced a small but consistent impairment in performance on
      retention tests given 5 hr after the first 4 choices. This deficit closely
      resembled natural forgetting in terms of the type of errors committed. By
      contrast, haloperidol in the same doses given 0 hr after Choice 4 or 3 hr before
      the first 4 choices did not affect retention. Likewise treatment with propranolol
      (10-20 mg/kg), phentolamine (5-20 mg/kg) or methysergide (5-15 mg/kg) did not
      impair spatial memory, regardless of when these drugs were injected within the
      session. Evidently dopaminergic neuronal systems are important in the maintenance
      of normal spatial working memory.

PMID- 6828540
TI  - Interaction of the discriminative stimulus properties of diazepam and ethanol in
      pigeons.
AB  - One group of pigeons (n = 5) was trained to discriminate between the effects
      induced by 5.6 mg/kg of diazepam (DZP) and the vehicle whereas other pigeons (n =
      5) had to discriminate between 3.0 g/kg of ethanol (ETOH) and the vehicle,
      administered intragastrically (IG) 10 and 40 min prior to the training sessions
      respectively. Once trained, the pigeons were tested with either diazepam or
      ethanol alone and in combination. The birds trained to discriminate between DZP
      and the vehicle mostly performed non-drug associated responses when tested with
      ETOH (0.56 to 3.0 g/kg). Tests with other doses of DZP (0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg) in the
      diazepam-trained birds resulted in an ED50 value of 1.4 mg/kg. The birds trained
      to discriminate between ETOH and the vehicle generalized DZP to ETOH, the ED50
      value for diazepam being 3.0 mg/kg. Tests with other doses of ETOH (0.56 to 2.0
      g/kg) in this latter group resulted in an ED50 value of 1.3 g/kg. Tests with
      combinations of DZP and ETOH produced a shift of the dose-response curves to the
      left indicating drug additivity. The discrimination of 5.6 mg/kg of IG
      administered DZP but not that of ETOH (3.0 g/kg) was attenuated by injections of
      the analeptic bemegride (ED50 = 5.5 mg/kg), thus suggesting a difference in the
      cueing processes of the two drugs. When tested singly, bemegride induced non-drug
      responding or complete suppression of responding in the birds at the doses of 3.0
      and 10.0 mg/kg respectively. In conclusion, the discriminable effects of DZP and
      ETOH are additive or even supra-additive, but the stimulus properties of the two
      drugs are not identical.

PMID- 6828541
TI  - Attenuation of the behavioral effects of meperidine and normeperidine by daily
      administration of diazepam.
AB  - The effects of meperidine, normeperidine, morphine, pentobarbital and d-methadone
      were determined on the key-pecking behavior of pigeons responding under a
      multiple fixed-ratio (FR), fixed-interval (FI) schedule of grain presentation.
      Dose-effect curves were obtained for each drug alone and during daily
      administration of 10 mg/kg of diazepam. The daily administration of diazepam had
      little effect on the behavior itself. Meperidine and normeperidine caused dose
      related decreases in both FI and FR responding. The dose-effect curves for these
      drugs during daily administration of diazepam were shifted to the right compared
      to the dose-effect curves determined in the absence of daily diazepam. In
      contrast, the effects of morphine, d-methadone and pentobarbital either were not
      affected by daily administration of diazepam or were shifted to the left by daily
      administration of diazepam. These data further support the hypothesis that the
      behavioral effects of meperidine and normeperidine are due to a proconvulsive
      action produced by these drugs. In contrast, the effects of morphine, d-methadone
      and pentobarbital are not due to such a proconvulsive action.

PMID- 6828543
TI  - Effects of glycine, chlorpromazine and apomorphine on brain monoamines and free
      amino acids in rats.

PMID- 6828542
TI  - Inhibitory effect of imipramine on epinephrine-dependent platelet aggregation:
      "in vitro" studies on platelets from healthy and depressed people.
AB  - Inhibitory effect of imipramine on platelet aggregation in healthy and depressed
      people was studied. A different sensitivity was observed between healthy and
      depressed people. Two groups (D I and D II) were identified among depressed
      patients on the basis of sensitivity to imipramine effect. ID50 was calculated
      for healthy subjects (59.5 +/- 22 microM) and depressed patients (D I: 20 +/- 7
      microM - D II: 117 +/- 49).

PMID- 6828544
TI  - Acid-base profile of healthy mongrel Indian familaris canis determined by
      different techniques under two non-volatile anaesthetics.
AB  - The acid-base status of healthy mongrel Indian dogs was compared under
      pentobarbital sodium and alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. The findings showed
      similarity of canine acid-base profile under the two types of anaesthesia.
      Comparison among various techniques of determination of acid-base profile
      indicated accuracy of findings. However, a slight metabolic acidosis was
      persistently observed in the majority of dogs under both types of anaesthesia.

PMID- 6828545
TI  - Action of caffeine, d-amphetamine, diazepam and imipramine in a dynamic
      behavioural situation.
AB  - A study has been made of how the chronic administration of caffeine, d
      amphetamine, imipramine and diazepam affect rat behaviour in four successive
      trials in which the contingency for food delivery was switched from one lever
      where responses were previously reinforced to the other lever where responses had
      no programmed consequences (reversal). A complete extinction in the first
      reversal was obtained with diazepam 0.3 mg/kg/day. Caffeine (6 and 18 mg/kg/day)
      had no effect in the first reversal and damaged rat performance in the successive
      reversals. Imipramine (0.6 and 4 mg/kg/day) had the same effect but only in the
      fourth reversal. Amphetamine (0.16 and 0.7 mg/kg/day) caused a clear damage of
      rat performance only in the third and fourth reversals.

PMID- 6828546
TI  - Membrane potential changes induced by gamma-aminobutyric acid and related amino
      acids in the rabbit superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), delta-aminolaevulinic acid (DALA)
      and delta-aminovaleric acid(DAVA) on membrane potential were studied in the
      isolated rabbit superior cervical ganglion (SCG) using external
      electrodes(sucrose-gap apparatus). GABA(5.2-1031 micrograms), DALA(335-1676
      micrograms), and DAVA(206.2-1563 micrograms) produced a dose-dependent
      depolarization in the rabbit SCG. The mean (+/- SEM) ED 50s for the
      depolarizations produced by GABA, DALA, and DAVA were 58.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms,
      733 +/- 16.1 micrograms, and 845 +/- 12.9 micrograms, n = 6, respectively. The
      mean (+/- SEM) maximum depolarizations were: 1.4 +/- 0.12 mV, 0.91 +/- 0.1 mV,
      and 0.95 +/- 0.1 mV, n = 6, respectively. It is concluded that GABA and the
      related aminoacids produce depolarizations in the rabbit SCG, which are similar
      in shape and duration but larger in amplitude than those produced in the rat SCG.

PMID- 6828547
TI  - Effects of cannabinoids on function of testis and secondary sex organs in the
      Fischer rat.
AB  - Chronic oral treatment of young adult male Fischer rats with delta 9
      tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 1, 5 and 25 mg kg-1 day-1, or crude marihuana extract
      (CME), 3, 15 and 75 mg kg-1 day-1, reduced body weight gain by about 50-80% at
      the high CME or THC dose and was correlated with decreased food intake. When
      cannabinoid was administered early in the light cycle (9-11 a.m.), cauda
      epididymis sperm count and seminal vesicle fluid and fructose content were
      depressed to 50-65% at the high dosages but were not significantly different from
      those of pair-fed controls. Administration late in the light cycle (4-5 p.m.)
      depressed epididymal sperm count, seminal vesicle fluid content, and weight of
      testis, seminal vesicles and epididymis to 40-80% below that seen for pair-fed
      controls. 24 h after the last treatment, serum testosterone was unchanged in
      intubated control and low-dose treated rats, compared with untreated controls,
      but was elevated nearly twofold in medium-dose-treated rats (p less than 0.05).
      The results indicate that time of cannabinoid administration as well as feeding
      pattern are critical in studies of the rat reproductive system.

PMID- 6828548
TI  - Haemodynamic responses to dopamine and dobutamine infusions as a function of
      duration of infusion.
AB  - In normal animals, dopamine and dobutamine produce similar haemodynamic effects.
      However, clinical observations on patients in heart failure suggest that
      dobutamine produces a more favourable and stable haemodynamic effect. One
      explanation is that the inotropic action of dopamine is largely an indirect one
      mediated through noradrenaline release, while that of dobutamine is direct. If
      this were true, one would predict that the haemodynamic effects of dopamine and
      dobutamine would be similar over short-term infusions, but that the response to
      dopamine would be attenuated with time as a result of noradrenaline depletion.
      Experiments are reported which are consistent with this explanation. 15-min
      infusions of graded doses of dopamine and dobutamine produced indistinguishable
      haemodynamic effects in a dog model in which the haemodynamic characteristics of
      heart failure were produced by a chronic aorta-left atrial shunt: dopamine also
      produced the expected increase in mesenteric and renal flows with this short-term
      exposure. With long-term infusions of dopamine (5 h), the specific
      mesenteric/renal vasodilatation was lost with time, and indices of myocardial
      contractility also were attenuated with time. In contrast, the haemodynamic
      actions of dobutamine were well maintained. Both amines lowered total peripheral
      resistance and ventricular filling pressures over the entire period. These
      results suggest that the haemodynamic responses to dopamine change with time, and
      that some of the discrepancies between animal observations (short term) and those
      in patients (invariably long term) can be explained on this basis rather than on
      the basis of species differences or underlying pathology. They also suggest that
      dopamine is a less suitable 'inotropic' drug than dobutamine.

PMID- 6828550
TI  - Lack of effect of intravenous hypertonic glucose on the intensity of alcohol
      intoxication induced experimentally and observed in patients of an emergency
      room.
AB  - In the present paper, two experiments are performed to test the efficacy of the
      intravenous administration of hypertonic glucose (25 or 50%) in alcoholic
      intoxication. In a first experiment, 10 healthy, nonstarved volunteers, received
      15 min after the ingestion of 1.0 g/kg alcohol, 40 ml of 25% glucose i.v., the
      same volume of 0.9% NaCl or no injection. According to evaluations performed at
      several time intervals up to 2 h after alcohol ingestion, no difference among the
      3 conditions was observed either in the intensity of alcohol intoxication or on
      blood alcohol levels. In a second experiment, blood glucose and alcohol levels
      were evaluated in 80 alcoholized patients in an emergency room. The mean glycemic
      value was 94 mg/100 ml. No difference was found by comparing this value with that
      presented by nonalcoholized patients. The 80 patients were distributed in two
      groups of 40 each: one of them was intravenously administered 40 ml of glucose
      50% while the other was injected with saline. About 20-30 min later the patients
      of both groups were clinically evaluated by the physician on duty, being
      considered equally improved regardless of the injection. The self-evaluation by
      the patients provided similar results.

PMID- 6828549
TI  - Effects of erythromycin, aminoglycosides and doxycycline on mucociliary activity
      in vitro of rabbit trachea.
AB  - The effect of different antibiotics on the mucociliary activity of the upper
      respiratory tract of rabbit was tested in vitro. Erythromycin base had no effect,
      although erythromycin lactobionate had a minor inhibitory effect. Kanamycin and
      gentamicin had no inhibitory effect in high concentrations. Doxycycline had the
      highest mucociliary inhibitory effect; however, the toxic concentrations are more
      than 10 times the clinically relevant serum levels after oral administration.

PMID- 6828551
TI  - Reduced serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in paranoid schizophrenics.
AB  - The serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity of 134 carefully selected paranoid
      schizophrenic patients was compared with that of 118 normal controls.
      Significantly reduced serum DBH activity found in the schizophrenic group in
      comparison to the control group could not be brought into relationship with the
      patients' age, nor with neuroleptic treatment. Manic depressive patients showed
      values similar to the normal control group. It is discussed that mainly
      genetically determined low serum DBH activity may be related to the
      hyperdopaminergic pathomechanism of paranoid schizophrenia.

PMID- 6828552
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline N-oxide in rats after single and prolonged oral
      administration.
AB  - Amitriptyline N-oxide (AMINO) was given to male Wistar rats orally in single and
      multiple doses, and the levels of the drug and its main metabolite amitriptyline
      (AMI) were assayed in blood and brain by HPLC. After the single dose of AMINO (20
      mg/kg), the levels of the parent compound and of AMI in the brain were higher
      than in blood. In the brain Cmax of AMINO and AMI were similar, whereas in the
      blood Cmax of AMI was considerably lower than that of the parent compound. After
      chronic treatment with AMINO (10 mg/kg twice daily, at 12 h intervals, for 14
      days) the brain level of AMI reached the value of approx. 4 micrograms/g of
      tissue and remained nearly stable for 12 h after the last dose. Brain Cmax of
      AMINO was approx. 2 micrograms/g; the drug was eliminated more rapidly than AMI
      and 24 h after the last dose it was not detectable. The blood level of AMINO
      exceeded the level of AMI, but the difference was less marked than that observed
      after a single dose. The brain and blood levels of both drugs were considerably
      higher than those observed in the acute experiment. When AMI was given to rats
      chronically (dosage and schedule as above) its blood and brain levels were 2-5
      times higher than the corresponding levels of AMI after treatment with AMINO, and
      its elimination was more rapid. Our results indicate that after oral
      administration of AMINO to rats AMI is formed in significant amounts, its brain
      level is high and becomes more stable after chronic treatment.

PMID- 6828555
TI  - Bremsstrahlung production by potassium-40 in muscle.
AB  - The bremsstrahlung spectrum produced when 1320 keV beta particles, emitted by the
      naturally occurring isotope 40K, are absorbed in muscle has been calculated. With
      reference to the external measurement of 239Pu in the lung using the 17 keV U L x
      rays, a simple model was used to estimate the number of bremsstrahlung photons
      with energies between 12 and 25 keV that would emerge from the chest wall of a
      normal subject. This was calculated to be 3 min-1 for a detection area of 628
      cm2, although internal bremsstrahlung may increase this to 4 min-1. The latter
      figure is a factor of approximately three lower than the counting rate observed
      when a pair of phoswich NaI detectors of the same total area are placed over an
      average subject. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

PMID- 6828554
TI  - Tissue-air ratios and scatter-air ratios for diagnostic radiology (1-4 mm Al
      HVL).
AB  - Tissue-air and scatter-air ratios for use in diagnostic radiology (1-4 mm Al HVL)
      have been calculated from previously reported measurements of percentage depth
      doses (PDD) and backscatter factors (BSF) for the same quality range. Tabulations
      of TAR are presented. The calculated TARs are compared with direct measurements
      of TAR which have been carried out by other workers. TARs and SARs are shown to
      be functions of peak tube potential for a given first HVL as a consequence of a
      similar dependence of PDD. This emphasises once again the inadequacy of the first
      HVL alone as a specifier of beam quality.

PMID- 6828553
TI  - High-dose haloperidol increases CSF opioid activity in patients with chronic
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6828556
TI  - Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia: computer simulation of specific absorption
      rate distributions using realistic anatomical models.
AB  - A description is given of a computer simulation technique which predicts the
      specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within the human body resulting from
      the application of radiofrequency electromagnetic energy. The method uses an
      extension to the principle of over-relaxation of electric potentials and the
      basis of the simulation is a realistic three-dimensional model derived from both
      dielectric and anatomical data. Two of the principal means of applying
      radiofrequency hyperthermia, namely the use of capacitive electrodes and
      inductive coils, have been provided for. The accuracy of the simulation has been
      favourably tested using an agar split-phantom and an infrared thermograph camera.
      The simulations can be used to assist the design and clinical use of
      radiofrequency applicators, and examples are given of the application of both an
      inductive coil and switched capacitive electrodes to heat the thorax.

PMID- 6828557
TI  - Dielectric properties of ocular tissues at 37 degrees C.
AB  - Values of the relative permittivity, dielectric loss and conductivity are given
      for various rabbit ocular tissues at frequencies in the range 10 MHz-10 GHz. The
      tissues measured were cornea, retina, choroid, iris, and the cortical and nuclear
      zones of the lens. The dielectric parameters were determined using the technique
      of multiple response time domain spectroscopy. For all tissues the water
      relaxation could be characterised by a Debye dispersion with a relaxation time
      longer than that of pure water, indicating that its dielectric behaviour was
      affected by the presence of the biological macromolecules.

PMID- 6828558
TI  - Effect of compatibility on goal achievement in patient-physical therapist dyads.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses related to the effect of
      interpersonal compatibility in patient-physical therapist dyads on goal
      achievement in a rehabilitation setting. Seventeen patients with spinal cord
      injuries and the physical therapists primarily responsible for their treatment
      were asked to participate. The Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation
      Behavior scale, which includes three interpersonal dimensions--Inclusion,
      Control, and Affection--was used to assess patient-physical therapist
      compatibility. Patient performance on four quantitatively measurable functional
      goals was used as the dependent variable. The results of this study did not
      support the hypothesis that goal achievement would be greater for patients in
      compatible patient-physical therapist dyads. Further, compatibility in the
      dimension of affection was found to be strongly related to a lack of
      rehabilitation goal achievement.

PMID- 6828559
TI  - Effects of selected bronchial drainage positions and percussion on blood pressure
      of healthy human subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this experimental study was to examine blood pressure changes of
      healthy subjects in response to position changes (from supine to level and head
      down side lying) and percussion. Twenty male and 20 female volunteers with a mean
      age of 25.9 years were divided randomly into four groups so that each group
      consisted of 5 men and 5 women. After resting supine for 20 minutes, subjects
      assumed a level or a head-down side-lying position (-10 degrees) for 6 minutes.
      During this 6 minutes, percussion was applied to two of the four groups. Systolic
      and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased when subjects turned from a
      supine to a level or a head-down side-lying position. The decreases lasted the
      length of time the side-lying position was maintained. The blood pressure
      responses to head-down side lying did not significantly differ from the responses
      to level side lying. The blood pressure responses to the level and the head-down
      side-lying positions with percussion did not differ from the responses to these
      positions without percussion.

PMID- 6828560
TI  - Knee flexion during stance as a determinant of inefficient walking.
AB  - A biomechanical analysis of normal walking assessed the mechanical work cost in
      joules per unit mass and distance walked. For 21 walking trials--seven subjects
      at slow, natural, and fast cadences--these work costs (min = .73 J/kg.m, max =
      1.65 J/kg.m) were correlated with maximum knee flexion during stance (min=6
      degrees, max=33 degrees). The results were contrary to the predictions of
      previous researchers who claimed that the energy cost would increase as the knee
      became more rigid during stance. This study showed a significant positive
      correlation between work cost and maximum knee flexion. The implications of these
      findings and the predicted increase of bone-on-bone forces as knee flexion
      increases are discussed relative to the gait training of certain patient
      populations.

PMID- 6828562
TI  - Absorbent paper method for recording foot placement during gait. Suggestion from
      the field.

PMID- 6828561
TI  - Device for stretching spastic hip adductor muscles. Suggestion from the field.

PMID- 6828563
TI  - Sliding forearm rest for parallel bars. Suggestion from the field.

PMID- 6828564
TI  - Clinical teaching in physical therapy education. An ethnographic study.
AB  - The purpose of this ethnographic study was to examine the process of clinical
      education from the viewpoint of clinical teachers. A three-month field study
      based on a grounded theory approach and involving simultaneous collection and
      codification of data led to the discovery and explication of two major components
      of the clinical education process. One component, the clinical teaching
      situation, identified the organizational and human factors that influence the
      type, quality, and quantity of the student learning. The second component,
      teaching tools used by the clinical teachers, identified the strategies used to
      pace the student to professional competence. The authors view the findings as a
      beginning understanding of how and why clinical education is fundamentally
      different from academic education.

PMID- 6828565
TI  - The longitudinal orbital CT projection: a versatile image for orbital assessment.
AB  - The newer generation of CT scanners allows reconstruction of images in coronal,
      sagittal, and oblique planes from a single set of axial scans. These computer
      generated images are described as reformatted. We have found an oblique image
      reformatted along the plane connecting the apex of the orbit and the center of
      the globe to be especially useful in assessing orbital disorders. We have named
      this image the longitudinal orbital projection. This projection allows direct
      visualization of the inferior rectus muscle and orbital floor in acute and old
      orbital trauma. With the image produced life size, direct measurements of
      enophthalmos and proptosis can be made preoperatively and postoperatively,
      thereby facilitating planning and follow-up. The projection is also useful in
      combination with other planes of reformation for the localization of tumors. The
      longitudinal orbital projection is now a routine part of the CT examination of
      the orbit in our institution. Whereas it already has become an invaluable aid in
      the diagnosis and follow-up of congenital and acquired orbital lesions, the
      longitudinal orbital projection promises to clarify the effects of trauma on the
      inferior rectus muscle and globe position.

PMID- 6828566
TI  - The lateral pectoral composite flap in one-stage reconstruction of the irradiated
      mandible.
AB  - We present a composite flap based on the musculature of the anterolateral thorax
      that allows immediate reconstruction of the mandible through the interposition of
      vascularized bony fifth rib. While the vascular pedicle remains the pectoral
      branch of the thoracoacromial artery, the pectoralis major muscle can be spared
      largely intact. The lateral position of the composite rib segment ensures a
      purely bony composition, while the lateral skin island remains largely hairless.
      Despite the unfavorable conditions of massive tumor size and prior irradiation
      attending the clinical cases presented, the complication rate was acceptable,
      with only one flap loss, and this followed technical error.

PMID- 6828568
TI  - Authorship.

PMID- 6828567
TI  - Reconstruction of the hand with free microneurovascular toe-to-hand transfer:
      experience with 54 toe transfers.
AB  - Over a period of 6 years, 54 toe-to-hand transfers were performed, 24 for thumb
      and 30 for finger reconstruction. Refinements in evaluation, preparation, and
      surgical technique are detailed. Forty-nine toes (90.7 percent) survived.
      Exploration was required for circulatory compromise following 13 transfers (34.2
      percent), to good effect in 9 (69.2 percent). Secondary surgery was performed in
      26 cases, consisting of tendolysis, osteotomy, and deepening of the first web
      space. Review was undertaken at an average of 1 year and 9 months after transfer.
      Power grip averaged 28.5 percent of the normal hand and pinch strength 26.6
      percent, great toe transfer giving 35.7 percent and second toe transfer to thumb
      giving 15.6 percent strength compared with normal. Static two-point
      discrimination of less than 10 mm was present in 37.5 percent of those studied
      under 2 years after surgery and in 75 percent of those studied more than 2 years
      later. The choice of procedure for thumb reconstruction is discussed in detail,
      as are supplementary skin cover, vascular considerations, and the high
      exploration rate.

PMID- 6828569
TI  - Laryngeal edema as a complication of chemical peel.
AB  - Laryngeal edema is a rare complication in patients undergoing chemical face
      peels. Symptoms of stridor, hoarseness, and tachypnea developed within 24 hours
      after peeling and subsided within another 24 hours after inhalation therapy with
      heated aerosol mist was begun. All patients who developed this complication were
      heavy smokers. A possible mechanism by which this complication was produced is
      discussed and experience with a drug regimen to prevent its occurrence is
      presented.

PMID- 6828570
TI  - Postrhinoplasty mucous cyst of the nose.

PMID- 6828572
TI  - The vibrometer.
AB  - To evaluate the potential clinical value of the vibrometer in patients with
      peripheral nerve injury or compression, cutaneous vibratory thresholds were
      determined in 72 patients with 113 peripheral nerve problems. Testing with the
      vibrometer was quick, simple, and inexpensive. The test results, however, neither
      added new information nor improved information derived from evaluating
      sensibility with a tuning fork (vibratory stimulus) and a paper clip (innervation
      density). Following nerve repair, the vibratory threshold did not correlate with
      peripheral innervation density, and thus the vibrometer is not of prognostic
      value after neurorrhaphy. The vibrometer can provide quantitative sensory data
      useful in evaluating patients with bilateral peripheral nerve problems, thereby
      giving longitudinal data on nerve function in a research setting. This study
      confirmed the observation that the earliest clinical finding detectable with a
      tuning fork in peripheral nerve compression is a hypersensitive response to
      vibratory stimulation.

PMID- 6828571
TI  - Male rhytidectomy incisions.
AB  - Because the preauricular segment of a face lift incision is less noticeable when
      located behind the tragus, it is our preferred method in females. The
      desirability of preserving the normal hairless strip between the ear and sideburn
      precluded using the technique in males. In this report we describe a method of
      utilizing the retrotragal location in males. This has been accomplished by direct
      excision of the hair follicles and hair shafts.

PMID- 6828573
TI  - Rx for a good night's sleep: a simple, effective nasal packing.

PMID- 6828574
TI  - Infection after rhinoplasty.

PMID- 6828575
TI  - Periosteal incisions for mentoplasty.

PMID- 6828576
TI  - The value of terra-cortril.

PMID- 6828577
TI  - Early cleft palate repair and speech outcome.

PMID- 6828578
TI  - In defense of ultrasound diagnosis of cleft lips in utero.

PMID- 6828580
TI  - Delayed onset of prominent ears.

PMID- 6828579
TI  - Outpatient anesthesia for augmentation mammaplasty and capsulotomy at Duke
      Hospital.

PMID- 6828581
TI  - Oral surgeons.

PMID- 6828583
TI  - Transcoronal eyebrow lift with concomitant upper blepharoplasty.
AB  - A technique for eyebrow lift is presented which employs the eyebrow arch used by
      makeup artists to add subjectively to the operation and prevent the aesthetically
      displeasing result of a too highly arched brow. The marking technique to achieve
      the proper life is outlined. A concomitant blepharoplasty technique and its
      indications are presented.

PMID- 6828582
TI  - The magnum procedure: surgical salvage of end-stage velopharyngeal incompetence.
AB  - One of the most difficult problems in cleft palate surgery is the patient who
      remains velopharyngeally incompetent after previous attempts at surgical
      correction. The magnum procedure was employed as a method of surgically salvaging
      these problem patients. The magnum flap is a procedure involving the use of a
      single or double hemipalatal flap based on the greater palatine vessels and
      inserted posterior to the hard palate to provide a maximum pushback in these
      patients. Eleven cases of severe and persistent velopharyngeal incompetence
      secondary to cleft palate after prior palatoplasty and secondary procedures are
      presented. All these patients had had at least two previous palatal procedures
      and were not considered good candidates for significant improvement by further
      speech therapy, based on evaluation in the Speech Pathology Department. All
      patients had preoperative and postoperative speech evaluations, including nasal
      airway studies and cineradiography. Postoperative follow-up was between 12 and 66
      months. Speech evaluations and results and operative details and complications
      were investigated. All patients had mild to marked improvement in their
      velopharyngeal function, articulation, and resonant voice quality. There were two
      perioperative complications, one of which was a delayed bleeding episode
      requiring no treatment and the other of which was a case of cellulitis of the
      cheek requiring additional antibiotics. Based on this initial series of patients,
      we feel that the magnum procedure offers considerable promise in the salvage of
      those patients previously falling into the category of end-stage velopharyngeal
      incompetence.

PMID- 6828584
TI  - Abdominoplasty following gastrointestinal bypass surgery.
AB  - An increasing number of postgastrointestinal bypass patients are being referred
      for secondary plastic surgical procedures. Thirteen patients at this institution
      have undergone abdominoplasty after surgery for morbid obesity in the past 5
      years. The characteristic abdominal deformity includes a draping apron of
      panniculus frequently associated with previous surgical scars and/or ventral
      hernia. An abdominoplasty of the low, transverse type with wide undermining is
      appropriate for most patients. However, vertical or mixed-type abdominoplasties
      and simple panniculectomies are occasionally indicated owing to residual
      adiposity and scar location. After bypass surgery, self-image and health-related
      complaints are markedly improved, but psychological gains can be inhibited by
      persistent body-contour concerns. Gastrointestinal bypass patients have a high
      incidence of associated medical problems. Preoperative laboratory evaluations
      must, therefore, be comprehensive. A variety of early and late complications
      following gastric and jejunoileal bypass are summarized. In spite of an expected
      higher complication rate following abdominoplasty, no major complications and
      three minor complications were discovered in these 13 patients.

PMID- 6828585
TI  - The importance of the correct resting tension in muscle transplantation:
      experimental and clinical aspects.
AB  - The influence of a reduction of resting tension by elongation of the tendon on
      muscle function and morphology is investigated in the rectus femoris muscle of
      the rabbit. An elongation of the patellar tendon of 5 mm causes a reduction of
      the twitch tension to 73.5 percent of the contralateral control side and a
      reduction of the tetanic tension to 78.3 percent 6 months after surgery. The
      histologic, histochemical, and planimetric changes are similar to those reported
      by other authors for tenotomy, but they are less marked. The clinical relevance
      of these experimental results for free muscle transplantation with
      microneurovascular anastomoses and some technical details are discussed.

PMID- 6828588
TI  - Myths and misconceptions in the rehabilitation of facial paralysis.

PMID- 6828589
TI  - Hemitongue advancement following anterior hemiglossectomy.
AB  - A simple technique is described that will restore a full-bodied, mobile anterior
      tongue following a partial anterior hemiglossectomy. The procedure is applicable
      following resections of stage I cancers of the anterior tongue. It can also be of
      value when a large anterior tongue flap has been used for intraoral
      reconstruction.

PMID- 6828586
TI  - AV anastomosis as a solution for absent venous drainage in replantation surgery.
AB  - Three cases of replantation in which no conventional venous outflow could be
      established are presented. A method for obtaining venous outflow is described by
      using the contralateral artery as a venous pole and anastomosing it to a vein in
      the proximal stump (with or without a venous graft).

PMID- 6828587
TI  - Restoration of extensor pollicis longus function by tendon transfer.
AB  - Transfer of the extensor indicis proprius was carried out in 28 patients with
      chronic loss of the extensor pollicis longus. The patients were evaluated after
      intervals ranging from 4 months to 5 years, and 23 (82 percent) showed excellent
      recovery of long thumb extensor function, although 9 of these did lose as much as
      30 degrees of flexion at the interphalangeal joint. There were two failures (7
      percent), and two patients were lost to follow-up. One patient ruptured the
      juncture of the transfer but responded well to reattachment. There were not
      complications attributed to removal of this tendon from the index finger.

PMID- 6828590
TI  - A simple method for the correction of the inverted nipple.
AB  - A procedure is described in which a direct approach to the underlying pathology
      of the inverted nipple is undertaken. The inverted nipple is raised as desired by
      freeing it from the surrounding tissue by vertical and horizontal undermining and
      then is stabilized by purse-string suture. It can be performed as an office
      procedure under local anesthesia. This procedure is simple, reliable, not time
      consuming, leaves no visible scars, and requires no special or bulky dressing.

PMID- 6828591
TI  - A morphogenetic classification of craniofacial malformations.
AB  - A new classification of malformations of the face and cranium is proposed, based
      on embryologic studies and observations concerning a great number of patients
      seen by the authors. First of all, one should distinguish between cerebral
      craniofacial (with brain and/or eyes involved) and craniofacial malformations.
      Craniofacial malformations may be characterized by dysostosis and by synostosis.
      Malformations with dysostosis may be produced by transformation as well as
      differentiation defects. Synostosis is always caused by a differentiation defect.
      A new nomenclature is introduced.

PMID- 6828592
TI  - SMAS-platysma face lift.
AB  - Correction of laxity in the submental area and of hypertrophic neck cords has
      been enhanced with the SMAS-platysma face life over that which was achieved with
      a standard skin face lift. Evaluation of a 6-year experience with the SMAS
      platysma face lift reveals that the operation can be safely performed with an
      acceptably low incidence of complications. The incidence of hematoma and
      associated complications is less than that which occurs when cervical and
      submental defatting is performed in conjunction with a skin face lift.

PMID- 6828593
TI  - Radiation instead of mastectomy for breast cancer.

PMID- 6828595
TI  - Challenge and confirmation in ritual action.

PMID- 6828594
TI  - Psychoanalysis and ritual.

PMID- 6828596
TI  - The absurdity of ritual.

PMID- 6828597
TI  - Effects of successful vs. unsuccessful psychotherapy outcome on some dream
      dimensions.

PMID- 6828598
TI  - The use of dreams in couples therapy.
AB  - Spouses and family members communicate in complex, highly developed patterns
      which are largely out of awareness (Wynne 1961; Martin 1976; Cavenar 1979; Satir
      1964). The therapist's grasp of these patterns of unconscious relatedness is
      essential to effective couples therapy or family therapy. This becomes a basis
      for interventions designed to help change those patterns destructive to a
      mutually satisfying relationship. A dream which one member of a couple presents
      in the setting of conjoint therapy is an important moment in which unconscious
      communication becomes manifest. Awareness and effectiveness can be enhanced when
      a therapist emphasizes the interpersonal dimension of the dream rather than
      treating it as a purely intrapsychic event. We examine meanings and uses of
      dreams shared in the context of couples psychotherapy, via literature review,
      clinical examples, and discussion. We suggest an approach which highlights
      interpersonal dimensions of dream-sharing and incorporates a concept of
      unconscious resonance.

PMID- 6828599
TI  - Keats and the "impersonal" therapist: a note on empathy and the therapeutic
      screen.

PMID- 6828601
TI  - Observational skills.

PMID- 6828600
TI  - Primary orgasmic dysfunction: diagnostic considerations and review of treatment.

PMID- 6828602
TI  - Attentional capacity dysfunction and arousal in schizophrenia.

PMID- 6828603
TI  - Models of hemispheric specialization.

PMID- 6828606
TI  - Thermistor measurement of male sexual arousal.

PMID- 6828604
TI  - Brain event-related potentials as indicators of early selective processes in
      auditory target localization.

PMID- 6828605
TI  - Sympathetic neuronal function and left ventricular performance during behavioral
      stress in humans: the relationship between plasma catecholamines and systolic
      time intervals.

PMID- 6828607
TI  - Eyeblinking during problem solving: the effect of problem difficulty and
      internally vs externally directed attention.

PMID- 6828608
TI  - Aortic-radial pulse transit time and ECG Q-wave to radial pulse wave interval as
      indices of beat-by-beat blood pressure change.

PMID- 6828609
TI  - Extraversion and multiple levels of caffeine-induced arousal: effects on
      overhabituation and dishabituation.

PMID- 6828610
TI  - Myoelectric and force feedback in the facilitation of isometric strength
      training: a controlled comparison.

PMID- 6828611
TI  - Pulse transit time and blood pressure: an intensive analysis.

PMID- 6828612
TI  - Effects of exhaustive exercise on the sleep of men and women.

PMID- 6828613
TI  - The application of the preparatory-response hypothesis to changes in base skin
      resistance.

PMID- 6828614
TI  - Effects of task incentive on cardiovascular response in type A and type B
      individuals.

PMID- 6828615
TI  - The effects of instructions on electrodermal habituation.

PMID- 6828616
TI  - Memory for events occurring during arousal from sleep.

PMID- 6828618
TI  - P3 and stimulus incentive value.

PMID- 6828617
TI  - Phasic heart rate changes in reaction time, shock avoidance, and unavoidable
      shock tasks: are hypothetical generalizations about different S1-S2 tasks
      justified?

PMID- 6828619
TI  - Results of a system to monitor effects of psychotropic medication in an applied
      setting.

PMID- 6828620
TI  - Number of nonassessable items and Cooperation level of the retarded during
      systematic dyskinesia examinations.

PMID- 6828621
TI  - EEG and EMG monitored electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 6828623
TI  - Assessment of hemodialysis treatment for schizophrenia.

PMID- 6828622
TI  - Effects of Piracetam on dyslexic's verbal conceptualizing ability.

PMID- 6828624
TI  - Clinical assessment of cognitive functioning in the aged.

PMID- 6828625
TI  - Pharmacologic treatment of childhood depressive disorders.

PMID- 6828627
TI  - Conservation-withdrawal and mental retardation in medical and surgical patients.

PMID- 6828626
TI  - Psychopathology in patients with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 6828628
TI  - Liaison psychiatry: a gastroenterologist's perspective.

PMID- 6828630
TI  - The language problem: integration of psychosocial variables into medical care.

PMID- 6828629
TI  - Gastroenterology: a liaison psychiatrist's perspective.

PMID- 6828631
TI  - Treatment of depression accompanying panhypopituitarism.

PMID- 6828632
TI  - Teenagers and alcohol.

PMID- 6828633
TI  - The challenge of implementing the prevention goals: some questions for
      researchers and communicators.
AB  - Two important issues in achieving change are how biomedical and behavioral
      research advances are viewed and used and the problem of "translation"--that is,
      how the results are put into practice. Momentum in federally funded research has
      been continued because we are betting that today's knowledge is limited relative
      to what remains to be learned about the prevention of disease. Those who
      administer programs, give primary care, and educate health professionals would
      benefit if they became fully sensitized to the world of research, and the
      planning of research would be invigorated by the perceptions of administrators
      and practitioners. The process of translation depends on the information
      function, and this function is as important as research and delivery. The schools
      and the media have created a public interested in science and medicine, but
      persuading people to change lifestyles is relatively unexplored territory. More
      knowledge in this area would help to decrease, for example, the number of smokers
      in the population and the number of accidents on the highways and in the
      workplace.

PMID- 6828634
TI  - A survey of health-fitness evaluation centers.
AB  - Twenty-three medically oriented private health-fitness evaluation centers in the
      United States were surveyed to determine the types of tests available, protocols
      used, the availability of exercise prescriptions, qualifications of employees,
      and facility use. All centers administered an electrocardiogram exercise
      tolerance test, but great variability existed with regard to the number and type
      of other tests given and services available. Questions in the survey explored the
      availability of cardiovascular, pulmonary function, musculoskeletal, body
      composition, and lifestyle evaluations. Some centers were restricted to testing
      solely for cardiovascular function, while others were complete wellness centers.
      The centers had a range of 8 to 325 patrons per month, and in general, they
      tested more men than women.

PMID- 6828635
TI  - Reducing the health consequences of smoking--a progress report.
AB  - Smoking has been identified as one of the health priority areas to be addressed
      by the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation initiative. Several
      gains in moving toward the 1990 goals for smoking and health have been recorded.
      Only 32.6 percent of the U.S. population over 16 years old were smokers in 1980,
      compared with 41.7 percent in 1965. The proportion of high school seniors who
      were daily smokers fell from nearly 30 percent in 1977 to 20 percent in 1981.
      Changes in smoking prevalence were related to critical events, such as the
      Surgeon General's reports on smoking. A variety of information and education
      programs aimed at specific groups are being carried out by Federal, State, and
      local governmental agencies and voluntary health organizations.

PMID- 6828636
TI  - The National Institute of General Medical Sciences probes cellular and molecular
      bases of life.
AB  - The National Institute of General Medical Sciences has as its mission the support
      of research and research training in the basic biomedical sciences. Grantees of
      the Institute have made major discoveries about cell structure and function, the
      synthesis and transport of body proteins, drug actions in the body, and the
      body's responses to severe trauma and burns. Advances in the field of genetics-
      including the development of recombinant DNA technology, in which Institute
      grantees have been leaders--are beginning to pay off in scientists' ability to
      understand the growth, differentiation, and development of cells, tissues, and
      organs; the regulation of gene activity; and the bases of certain genetic
      diseases. But while much has been learned, the cellular and molecular mechanisms
      of many illnesses are only beginning to be understood. For this reason, the
      Institute's support of studies of life processes at their most fundamental levels
      is expected to continue to produce findings of great importance to the
      understanding, prevention, and treatment of human disease.

PMID- 6828637
TI  - Achievements in preventing morbidity and mortality by researchers of the National
      Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
AB  - In the 20 years since its creation, the National Institute of Child Health and
      Human Development (NICHD) has become a world leader in promoting research on
      fertility, high-risk pregnancy, care of newborns, nutrition, learning disorders,
      mental retardation, development of better contraceptives, and factors that
      influence family planning. NICHD also supports basic research that sheds light on
      normal processes in human development.This research has yielded impressive
      dividends. Improvement in the treatment of premature infants has contributed to a
      22 percent decline in infant mortality in the United States between 1976 and
      1980. Between 1962 and 1980, the maternal death rate from pregnancy and
      childbirth dropped 80 percent, owing largely to NICHD-supported research that has
      led to improved management of a number of conditions that are life-threatening to
      pregnant women.NICHD-supported research has led to the development of screening
      tests and treatments for certain metabolic disorders that cause mental
      retardation. Grantees of the Institute have also discovered a chromosomal
      disorder known to be a cause of mental retardation in men and have made research
      advances leading to better home care and a fuller role in community life for
      persons with Down's syndrome.Other NICHD studies seek to improve family planning
      methods and to find safer, more effective contraceptives. A promising development
      in this area is a class of synthetic brain hormones that could provide a new type
      of birth control pill for women and the first successful chemical contraceptive
      for men.

PMID- 6828638
TI  - The evolution of standards for naturally occurring fluorides: an example of
      scientific due process.
AB  - In three quarters of a century of observation and research, the effects of
      fluoride on dental caries and on general bodily health have been well documented.
      An expanding data base has allowed a firming up of the guidance and standards for
      appropriate and safe levels of naturally occurring fluorides for human
      consumption. Over time, through specific recommendations, the maximum fluoride
      concentrations deemed appropriate have been altered, but by a process of
      considered adjustment. Although the Public Health Service has been responsible
      for the formalization of many of the recommended standards, those recommendations
      have been based on research from many fronts. In the most recent reconsideration
      of the standards for natural fluoride, the most exhaustive and thoroughly
      documented review to date was done, incorporating review by representatives from
      State, Federal, and private programs. Although the specific example of the
      development of standards for natural fluoride is used, it should be illustrative
      of similar processes that are constantly underway in regard to substances and
      factors with a potential impact on the public's health. Expansion of the data
      base through research and scientific inquiry will lay the foundation for future
      reconsideration of the standards for naturally occurring fluorides.

PMID- 6828640
TI  - Integrating primary health care and mental health services--a successful rural
      linkage.
AB  - The local delivery of human services is currently receiving national emphasis.
      The expectation is that community-based services shall be provided with a minimum
      of duplication and with maximum efficiency, achieved partly by interdisciplinary
      and interorganizational cooperation. This emphasis was appropriately facilitated
      in the mid-1970s through the availability of the Mental Health Initiative grants.
      The grants, initiated by the Bureau of Community Health Services in conjunction
      with the National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, promoted the
      increased availability of mental health services through formal linkages between
      community mental health centers and primary health care programs. One such
      successful linkage was between a small primary health care center and a
      nonfederally funded, multicounty, mental health center in northwest Illinois.
      Initiated in September 1980, the services of the linkage project included direct
      clinical mental health services delivered at the primary health care center site,
      consultation and education activities, and the coordination of interagency
      services. The project patients differed from the general clients of the mental
      health center in demographic characteristics, source of referral, and diagnoses.
      The key elements in successful linkages and the achievement of goals are
      analyzed. The experience of the linkage project is relevant to the 1980s. The
      project was prematurely ended after 14 months. Reduction in Federal funds
      severely cut support for the primary health care center, and the depressed local
      economy could not match the withdrawn Federal funds.

PMID- 6828639
TI  - Attacks by packs of dogs involving predation on human beings.
AB  - Dog bites are a medical problem for millions of people, children being the most
      common victims. Human deaths attributable to dog bite injury (not rabies) are
      relatively infrequent. There have been some epidemiologic reviews, but this study
      is the first attempt to arrive at an understanding of bites involving predation
      on human beings by conducting behavioral examinations under controlled conditions
      of the dogs involved, and by interviewing victims, witnesses, and people familiar
      with the animals.The three cases studied involved two fatalities and an attack
      that was nearly fatal. The victims were 11, 14, and 81. In each case, owned pet
      dogs consumed some human tissue. The severity of the victims' injuries was not
      the consequence of a single dog bite, but the result of repeated attacks by dogs
      behaving as a social group. Factors that might contribute to a dog's regarding
      human beings as potential prey were examined, including hunger, prior predation,
      group behaviors, defense of territory, previous interactions with people, the
      presence of estrous female dogs, and environmental stimuli. In two of the cases,
      it was possible, by using similar stimuli, to duplicate the circumstances at the
      time of the attack.The results of the observations showed the value of behavioral
      analysis and simulations methods in evaluating possible factors in dog
      attacks.Among the many factors probably involved in severe dog attacks are the
      size, number, and nutritional status of the dogs; the dogs' previous aggressive
      contacts with people; the victim's age, size, health, and behavior; and the
      absence of other human beings in the vicinity.

PMID- 6828642
TI  - Relationship of consumers' perceptions of drugs to drug use.
AB  - To examine consumers' perceptions of nonprescription and prescription drugs and
      the relationship of these perceptions to drug use, a sample of 200 adult
      residents of a northern midwestern area who were similar in age and education to
      the national population was surveyed. Respondents who rated nonprescription drugs
      as safe and somewhat effective used nearly 90 percent less nonprescription drugs
      than respondents rating these drugs as safe and ineffective. Respondents who
      rated prescription drugs as unsafe used approximately 60 percent less of them
      than respondents rating them as somewhat safe or safe. Data for the study were
      collected from March 15 to May 15, 1978. The respondents' perceptions of
      nonprescription and prescription drugs in respect to safety, efficacy, side
      effects, and overdose effects were measured on a thermometer scale, with anchors
      at three points (100 degrees for the most positive perception, 50 degrees for the
      midpoint, and 0 degrees for the most negative perception). Drug use, based on the
      respondents' recollections, was measured for 2 days before the interview. The
      respondents rated prescription drugs as safer and more effective than
      nonprescription drugs, but as having more dangerous overdose effects. Two-way
      analysis of variance showed that perceptions of the safety and effectiveness of
      nonprescription drugs and the interaction between these two variables were
      related to the use of these drugs. Perceptions of the safety of prescription
      drugs were related to their use.

PMID- 6828641
TI  - Self-inflicted gunshot wounds among Alaska Natives.
AB  - Deaths by violence (accidents, homicide, suicide) have increased significantly
      among Alaska Natives who have a suicide rate three times that of the general U.S.
      population. Self-inflicted gunshot wounds comprised 75 percent of the suicides
      among Alaska Natives from 1976 through 1980. A review of psychiatric
      consultations concerning 34 Alaska Natives who had survived a self-inflicted
      gunshot wound indicated some common characteristics. Of the group, 28 were male,
      and 20 had been using alcohol at the time of the shooting. Interpersonal
      conflicts were cited by most persons as partial motivation for the shooting, and
      most shootings were impulsive rather than premeditated. Few patients had a
      psychiatric history or appeared impaired at the time of the consultation.
      Cultural and intrapsychic factors that might contribute to this high rate of self
      destructive behavior were examined. These include a proscription against verbal
      expression of negative affect and an increase of non-Native influences with
      subsequent social disorganization and cultural conflict.

PMID- 6828644
TI  - Chlorotetracycline fluorescence associated with plasma membranes of cockroach
      salivary gland cells.
AB  - The fluorescent compound chlorotetracycline (CTC) enters the cells of the
      cockroach salivary gland. The acinar peripheral cells and the non-secretory duct
      cells become preferentially labelled by CTC. Microscopic examination of the
      intracellular distribution of CTC indicates that this compound labels the highly
      folded apical plasma membranes of the peripheral cells and the deep infolds of
      the basal plasma membranes of the non-secretory duct cells. Lanthanum blocks the
      entry of CTC into all of the gland cells and in this condition the CTC labels the
      basal surfaces of the acini and ducts. The results of this investigation support
      the idea that CTC labels calcium ions in the vicinity of plasma membranes.

PMID- 6828643
TI  - Changes in histochemical profile of rat respiratory muscles in hypo- and
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Rat respiratory muscles underwent considerable changes in histochemical fibre
      type profile in response to hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism increased
      the proportion of type 1 slow oxidative fibres in diaphragm and to a lesser
      extent in intercostal muscles. Hyperthyroidism resulted in a decreased proportion
      of type 1 fibres in both diaphragm and intercostals. These changes were broadly
      comparable to those reported previously in rat limb muscles. In normal rat
      respiratory muscles, the type 1 fibres were characterized by very high levels of
      beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase which was thought to contribute to the fatigue
      resistance of these muscles. The type 2B fast glycolytic fibres, and to a lesser
      extent type 2A fast oxidative fibres, contained high levels of mitochondrial
      alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme known to be specifically affected
      in dysthyroid states. The implications of the observed changes in fibre type
      profile with respect to the oxidative metabolism of rat respiratory muscles are
      discussed.

PMID- 6828649
TI  - Changes in the blood flow to the digestive organs of sheep induced by feeding.
AB  - The blood flow to the digestive organs of nine sheep was determined by the use of
      isotopically labelled microspheres before, during and at 2 h and 4 h after
      feeding. Within 3 min of the start of feeding, the blood flow to the salivary
      glands and to the smooth muscle of the rumen and reticulum increased three-fold.
      The blood flow to the epithelium of the rumen and reticulum also increased before
      any appreciable effect on ruminal fermentation could have occurred. This increase
      in flow was greater in absolute but smaller in relative terms than that to the
      muscle. At 2 h after feeding blood flow to the epithelium of the rumen and
      reticulum was two to four times greater than before food was taken, while the
      flow to the smooth muscle of these organs had fallen to the level found before
      feeding. In the more distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract, blood flow
      changes in response to feeding were less pronounced and, where they occurred at
      all, consisted of decreases at different times. Thus blood flow to the omasum
      decreased during feeding but recovered thereafter, while the flows to abomasum,
      duodenum and ileum were not changed during feeding but were significantly lower
      at 2 h and 4 h later. In the rest of the small intestine and in the large
      intestine there were no significant changes in flow during the period of
      observation, nor were there any changes in the blood flow to pancreas or spleen.
      However, the flow to the omental and mesenteric fat declined abruptly on feeding
      and reached its minimal value 2 h afterwards. These results are in marked
      contrast to those reported in other species in that the subepithelial capillary
      plexus of the reticulum and rumen was the only region contributing to the
      increased hepatic portal blood flow after feeding.

PMID- 6828645
TI  - Transport of leucine by the small intestine of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob)
      mice.
AB  - Transport of leucine by the small intestine of obese (ob/ob) mice has been
      compared with that by intestine of lean controls at various stages in the
      development of the syndrome. At 10 weeks of age, when hyperphagia and
      hyperinsulinaemia are at their peak, transport (expressed per gram dry weight) of
      a physiological concentration of leucine (5 mM) by luminally perfused whole small
      intestine of obese mice was significantly lower both in vitro (-45%) and in vivo
      (-27%). Experiments involving fasting and long-term partial dietary restriction
      of obese mice suggested that the reduction in leucine transport was probably not
      a consequence of hyperphagia. The absence of any difference between lean and
      obese mice in the kinetics of unidirectional influx of leucine across the brush
      border contrasted with the findings from the luminal perfusion experiments. This
      discrepancy could indicate that the effect of the (ob/ob) genotype on leucine
      transport was at a stage in the process of transepithelial transport distal to
      the brush border, perhaps that of movement across the basolateral membrane.

PMID- 6828646
TI  - Application of high performance liquid chromatography to study transport and
      metabolism of nucleic acid derivatives by rat jejunum in vitro: endogenous
      washout.
AB  - A procedure is described for maintaining segments of rat jejunum in vitro in a
      steady state of fluid and solute absorption for periods of up to 2 h so that the
      secretion of endogenous and exogenous nucleic acid derivatives across the serosa
      may be followed. Methods of high performance liquid chromatography for the
      separation and measurement of some nucleic acid derivatives are also described.
      These procedures are applied to investigate three endogenous components found in
      the washout into the serosal secretions. The kinetics of the washout are, in each
      case, mono-exponential and the effects of pre-feeding, of pre-feeding a glucose
      solution and of the diabetic state on the washouts have been investigated. One of
      the components of the washout is uric acid, the initial pool size of which varies
      from 13-22 mumol/g dry wt. of jejunum. Negligible amounts of derivatives of
      endogenous origin appear in the lumen.

PMID- 6828647
TI  - Use of high performance liquid chromatography to study absorption and metabolism
      of purines by rat jejunum in vitro.
AB  - A simple and specific analytical method incorporating high performance (anion
      exchange) liquid chromatography has been used to study the absorption and
      metabolism of some purine derivatives in an in vitro preparation of adult rat
      jejunum. When present in the lumen the purine bases guanine (4 X 10(-5)M),
      hypoxanthine or xanthine (10(-4)-3 X 10(-4)M) do not appear in the serosal
      secretions but the uric acid (UA) content of these secretions is increased. With
      UA in the intestinal lumen (10(-4)-3 X 10(-4)M) the serosal UA is increased, in
      some cases to a higher concentration than that in the lumen. With adenine in the
      lumen (10(-4)-10(-3)M) there is an increased appearance of UA and adenine also
      appears in the serosal secretions, but the concentration of adenine never exceeds
      that in the lumen. It is concluded that purines absorbed from the lumen are
      significantly metabolized to UA during translocation across rat jejunum.
      Negligible amounts of metabolites are found in the luminal solutions except for
      guanine which appears to be degraded in the lumen.

PMID- 6828648
TI  - Simultaneous pancreatic, gastric and hormonal responses to 2-deoxyglucose in the
      conscious pig.
AB  - The effect of vagal stimulation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) on gastric
      acid and pancreatic bicarbonate output, and portal gastrin and secretin
      concentrations, was assessed in conscious miniature pigs. Electrical vagal
      stimulation has previously been shown to induce profuse pancreatic water and
      bicarbonate secretion in anaesthetized pigs. Pigs in this study were surgically
      prepared with gastric and pancreatic fistulas and indwelling jugular and portal
      catheters. An intravenous bolus of 2DG (100 mg/kg body weight) caused a
      significant increase in both gastric acid and pancreatic bicarbonate output
      although the latter was about 50% of the reported response to electrical vagal
      stimulation. Portal gastrin concentration rose significantly after 2DG, but the
      portal secretin concentration did not change. The presence of secretin in the
      small intestine was confirmed by intrajejunal HCl infusion. Failure of portal
      secretin concentration to rise after 2DG infusion rules against a role for this
      hormone in the pancreatic response.

PMID- 6828650
TI  - Studies on the movement of glucose, pyruvate and lactate into the ampulla and
      isthmus of the rabbit oviduct.
AB  - The appearance of glucose, pyruvate and lactate in fluid recirculated through the
      lumen of the ampulla and isthmus of the rabbit oviduct has been followed for 2 h
      in vivo. Each nutrient appeared in the lumen of the ampulla at approximately 1.8
      times its rate in the lumen of the isthmus. The circumference of the mucosa
      lining the two regions was measured together with the distribution of ciliated
      and secretory cells. The surface area of the mucosa lining the ampulla was 343
      mm2, and that lining the isthmus, 191 mm2. It is tentatively suggested that the
      capacity of the ampulla and isthmus to transport small molecules is a function of
      their respective mucosal surface areas.

PMID- 6828652
TI  - [Reaction of chronically irradiated dogs to acute radiation exposure judged by
      changes in cholinesterase activity].

PMID- 6828653
TI  - [Model of chronic local irradiation of the brain. 4. Possibility of inducing
      tumors and precancerous conditions by indirect radiation effects].

PMID- 6828651
TI  - Uptake of chlorotetracycline into mouse eggs.
AB  - The fluorescent compound chlorotetracycline (CTC) enters the mouse egg by a
      mechanism controlled by the oolemma. The intracellular distribution of CTC is non
      uniform and during the early stages of uptake fluorescent patches are observed at
      the egg's surface probably close to the oolemma. Lanthanum blocks the entry of
      CTC into the egg's cytoplasm and in this condition the CTC remains at the surface
      of the egg; the labelled site is not the zona pellucida and is likely to be the
      outer surface of the oolemma. The results of this study of CTC uptake support the
      idea that this compound labels divalent (or trivalent) cations in the
      neighbourhood of cell membranes.

PMID- 6828654
TI  - [Effect of roentgen rays and xenon-133 beta particles on albino rat integument].

PMID- 6828655
TI  - [Modification of the metabolism of intramuscularly injected plutonium-239 by
      means of an iron preparation].

PMID- 6828658
TI  - [Damage to DNA on exposure to ionizing radiations of different physical
      characteristics].

PMID- 6828656
TI  - [Effect of small doses of ionizing radiation on thyroid gland cells during
      embryogenesis].

PMID- 6828657
TI  - [Estimates of interspecies differences in the values of threshold power densities
      for the nonthermal action of nonionizing radiation].

PMID- 6828659
TI  - [Effect of roentgen rays on erythrocyte ghosts].

PMID- 6828660
TI  - [Role of changes in oxygen concentration in modifying cell reproductive death in
      vitro. 1. Oxygenation of cells in culture].

PMID- 6828661
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the effect of alkylating agents, ionizing and
      ultraviolet radiation on the progression of mammalian cells through the mitotic
      cycle. 2. Effect of gamma-radiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on
      the synthesis of DNA in HeLa cells].

PMID- 6828662
TI  - [Use of the helium-neon laser to stimulate regeneration of skeletal muscle
      damaged by ionizing radiation].

PMID- 6828663
TI  - [Mammary tumor induction in rats by single and fractionated beta-irradiation with
      90Sr-90Y].

PMID- 6828664
TI  - [Evaluation of the biological effect of 14MeV neutrons].

PMID- 6828665
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the NADH ferricyanide reductase activity of rat
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 6828667
TI  - [Resonance interaction of low intensity superhigh frequency radiation in the
      millimeter range with hemoglobin].

PMID- 6828666
TI  - [Effect of fast neutrons on tumor induction in rats].

PMID- 6828668
TI  - [Effect of biogenic amines and ultraviolet radiation on the content of sulfhydryl
      groups in mouse liver, spleen and oxyhemoglobin].

PMID- 6828669
TI  - [Dynamics of the electric conductivity and permeability of cells at early stages
      following gamma-radiation].

PMID- 6828670
TI  - [Functioning of the repair and degradation systems in cells of irradiated
      animals].

PMID- 6828671
TI  - [2 subpopulations of colony-forming cells differing in their radiosensitivity].

PMID- 6828673
TI  - The value of the preoperative barium-enema examination in the assessment of
      pelvic masses.
AB  - The value of the barium-enema examination in the assessment of pelvic masses was
      studied in 44 patients. Findings from those barium-enema examinations and from
      pathological specimens from 37 patients who had malignant tumors and seven
      patients who had endometriosis were retrospectively analyzed to determine if the
      barium-enema examination is useful in differentiating extrinsic lesions with and
      without invasion of the colon. None of the 12 patients who had extrinsic lesions
      had any of the criteria that indicated bowel-wall invasion. These criteria
      included fixation and serrations of the bowel wall in all patients with invasion,
      and ulceration and fistulization in those patients who had complete transmural
      invasion. In patients with pelvic masses, the preoperative barium-enema
      examination may be useful to the surgeon in planning surgery and in preparing the
      patient for the possibility of partial colectomy or colostomy.

PMID- 6828672
TI  - [Use of the endogenous spleen colony method for evaluating the radiation
      modifying effect of 8-bromocaffeine during single and repeated radiation
      exposure].

PMID- 6828674
TI  - Management of massive hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization.
AB  - Massive hemoptysis is a major clinical and surgical problem with a mortality of
      80%, which is most often related to asphyxiation. Thirty-three patients with
      massive hemoptysis underwent selective bronchial arteriography and treatment by
      embolization or surgery. Lasting control of hemoptysis was achieved in 27 of 33
      patients (81.8%) at follow-up ranging from one to 24 months. Hemoptysis recurred
      in six of 33 patients (18.2%). Mortality related to hemoptysis was three of 33
      patients (9.0%), and overall mortality was six of 33 patients (18.2%). Seven
      patients underwent surgical treatment in addition to bronchial artery
      embolization. Patients with mycetoma suffered the highest relapse of bleeding and
      the highest mortality in this series. In these patients, bronchial artery
      embolization may be effective in the control of acute bleeding, but permanent
      control of hemoptysis is achieved only by later surgery. Bronchial artery
      embolization is an effective way to control massive hemoptysis with a low
      recurrence rate and reduced mortality among severely ill patients. Although we
      have had no unfavorable sequelae, reports of neurological damage following
      bronchial angiography indicate care in avoiding obstruction of the artery of
      Adamkiewicz.

PMID- 6828675
TI  - High kVp vs. low kVp for T-tube and operative cholangiography.
AB  - Based on several considerations, high kVp and high contrast agent concentration
      should produce better-quality operative and T-tube cholangiograms than the
      currently recommended low kVp and low contrast agent concentration. To test this
      theory, two kinds of studies were performed. In a laboratory phantom, the
      influence of kVp and contrast agent concentration on detectability of different
      size phantom stones was evaluated. High kVp and high contrast agent concentration
      (110 kVp, 38% iodine) were also compared with low kVp and low contrast agent
      concentration (75 kVp, 15% iodine) in 62 patients undergoing operative or T-tube
      cholangiography. Almost all phantom stones were well shown with all kVps and
      iodine concentrations. As the kVp was raised there was a mild decrease in stone
      detectability but this decrease was partially corrected by raising the iodine
      concentration. Overall stone detectability with high kVp and high contrast agent
      concentration technique was better than or similar to the currently recommended
      low kVp and low contrast agent concentration technique. Evaluation of the direct
      cholangiograms by five radiologists revealed that the high kVp, high contrast
      agent concentration studies were superior or similar to the low kVp and low
      contrast agent concentration radiographs in 70% of the cases. Based on these
      results high kVp (100-110) and a high contrast agent concentration (38%) are
      recommended for direct cholangiography.

PMID- 6828677
TI  - Arthrography of the traumatized wrist. Correlation with radiography and the
      carpal instability series.
AB  - Arthrography with fluoroscopic monitoring was used to assess the soft tissues of
      the wrist in 100 patients who had chronic traumatic pain but did not have
      rheumatoid arthritis. Findings were correlated with plain radiographs and the
      carpal instability series. Arthrograms were normal in 26% of cases and
      demonstrated perforation of the triangular fibrocartilage in 26%, radiocarpal
      midcarpal communication in 30%, capsular lesions in 31%, lymphatic opacification
      in 12%, and tendon sheath filling in 10%. Communication between the radiocarpal
      and pisiform-triquetral compartments, a normal finding, was seen in 69%. There
      was a significant association between perforation of the triangular
      fibrocartilage and both ulna-plus variance and carpal instability.

PMID- 6828680
TI  - Clinical comparison of small-and large-caliber cutting needles for biopsy.
AB  - A 22 gauge "skinny core" (Madayag) biopsy needle, an 18 gauge Menghini needle,
      and a 14 gauge Tru-cut needle were compared in 51 patients. The Madayag needle
      was found to have a high recovery rate and provided adequate histological
      information in a large percentage of cases. However, the larger needles more
      consistently demonstrated a higher recovery rate and diagnostic specimen than the
      Madayag needle. The authors recommend that the radiologist become familiar with
      all three types of needles to facilitate selection of the proper instrument in
      each case.

PMID- 6828676
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba needle in patients with
      biliary calculi.
AB  - In a prospective study, 276 consecutive patients were evaluated using
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with a Chiba needle prior to
      surgery for cholestasis. Biliary calculi were diagnosed in 109 patients. The
      success rate was 92.4% overall, 93.6% among patients with biliary calculi, 83.3%
      in those with cholelithiasis, 97.3% in those with choledocholithiasis, and 100.0%
      in those with intrahepatic stones. The overall morbidity rate was 4.6%, including
      hemoperitoneum in 1.8% and bile leakage in 2.8%. There were no deaths. This
      technique offers a more definitive diagnosis than noninvasive procedures,
      especially with small calculi, but is also more traumatic. PTC may play an
      important role when noninvasive methods are inconclusive or in difficult cases,
      particularly following surgery on the common bile duct.

PMID- 6828681
TI  - Improvement in referral practices elicited by a redesigned request format.
AB  - Significantly improved clinical information was supplied by referring physicians
      when a redesigned referral form was introduced. Although this form provided less
      space, the specific questions that were included elicited an increase in the
      total number of words and useful clinical information that was supplied. In turn,
      the better clinical information helped the radiologist produce an improved report
      for the referring physician. These positive changes were noted with the
      introduction of the new form, and they persisted when the form was reevaluated 12
      months later.

PMID- 6828679
TI  - Follow-up of 50 consecutive angiograms obtained utilizing puncture of prosthetic
      vascular grafts.

PMID- 6828678
TI  - Percutaneous needle biopsy of the irradiated skeleton.
AB  - Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed in 20 patients who had radiologic
      abnormalities after irradiation of the skeleton. The biopsies were performed to
      determine the nature of the bone changes and to differentiate radiation necrosis
      from metastases or local tumor extension. Eleven patients had tumors, two of
      which were radiation-induced sarcomas; nine patients did not show evidence of
      tumor. One patient had osteomyelitis rather than the suspected tumor. The value
      of percutaneous needle biopsy in the postirradiated skeleton is discussed.

PMID- 6828682
TI  - The use of glucagon in hydrostatic reduction of intussusception: a double-blind
      study of 30 patients.
AB  - Thirty patients were referred for hydrostatic reduction of ileocolic
      intussusception. Children with suspected gangrenous bowel or sensitivity to
      glucagon were excluded from the investigation. A standard protocol for the
      procedure was used in all patients, including the intravenous administration of
      glucagon or placebo (0.05 mg/kg) when the intussusception was encountered.
      Successful reduction was achieved in 53% of both control and glucagon-treated
      patients. Analysis of the length of the procedure and the ease of reduction of
      the intussusception indicated no difference in the two groups. This multicenter
      double-blind study failed to show any therapeutic value of glucagon in
      hydrostatic reduction of intussusception.

PMID- 6828683
TI  - The diagnostic dilemma of the posterior mediastinal thymus: CT manifestations.
AB  - Extension of the normal thymus into the posterior mediastinum is rare. The CT
      appearance of this anomaly in an infant is presented. A mass of soft-tissue
      density extended from the anterior mediastinum to the posterior chest wall. The
      absence of any tissue-cleavage plane in the lesion and a smooth continuous
      lateral margin are signs of posterior extension of the thymus, and they help to
      distinguish this from a normal anterior thymus being present with a posterior
      tumor.

PMID- 6828684
TI  - The computed tomographic findings of peritentorial subdural hemorrhage.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in six cases of subdural hemorrhage in the
      peritentorial region are listed and discussed. The CT appearance of peritentorial
      subdural hemorrhage sometimes mimicks that of intra-axial lesions, but coronal
      scanning or reconstruction can be used to resolve this problem. Awareness of this
      unusual location for subdural hemorrhage is helpful in providing an accurate
      preoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 6828687
TI  - CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of head and neck masses.

PMID- 6828685
TI  - Staging of human brain abscess by computed tomography.
AB  - Precontrast and postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with
      brain abscesses were quantitatively studied to determine if the degree of
      encapsulation could be predicted. The findings in these cases correlated closely
      to the CT criteria for encapsulation previously established in an experimental
      model. Time-density curves of serial delayed postcontrast CT scans and the
      precontrast CT appearance yielded accurate criteria for determining the degree of
      encapsulation. The effect of corticosteroid treatment on contrast enhancement of
      brain abscess was also studied in one patient.

PMID- 6828686
TI  - Computed tomography of the articulations and ligaments at the occipito
      atlantoaxial region.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the occipito-atlantoaxial
      articulations and ligaments was analyzed using the CT/T 8800 and 9800 scanners
      with and without intravenous or intrathecal contrast media. Osseous and
      ligamentous structures in dissected or sectioned anatomic specimens were
      correlated with structures seen on the CT images, and the articulations and
      transverse, alar, and apical ligaments were identified. It is concluded that such
      an analysis, which has not been done in detail previously, should facilitate the
      diagnosis of cervical soft-tissue injuries and abnormalities.

PMID- 6828688
TI  - Angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma of the pelvis. Characteristic calcification and
      computed tomographic appearance.

PMID- 6828689
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in bilateral adrenal tuberculosis.

PMID- 6828691
TI  - Ultrasonographic evaluation of ascaris in the biliary tract.
AB  - Ascaris in the biliary tract may cause cholecystitis and obstruction of the
      common bile ducts. Two cases are presented where worms that were identified in
      the common bile duct caused obstructive jaundice. The image of the ascaris is
      typical in its morphology and movement. Ultrasonography is useful in the
      identification of this parasite in the biliary tract where other conventional
      radiological methods are frequently unsatisfactory.

PMID- 6828690
TI  - Ultrasound mammography for the augmented breast.
AB  - Ultrasound examinations were performed on 25 women with augmented breasts using
      whole-breast water-path scanning. In these patients, ultrasound imaged carcinoma,
      benign lesions, and fibrous capsule formation; these were confirmed by surgery.
      In addition, it was noted that certain prostheses appeared to be displaced
      posteriorly onto the chest wall and some prostheses had internal echoes. To
      evaluate these findings, in vitro B-scanning was performed on three different
      commonly used mammary prostheses: the silicone gel, the saline inflatable, and
      the double-membrane gel-inflatable type. Ultrasound study of the augmented breast
      allowed evaluation of breast abnormalities in the parenchyma overlying the
      prostheses and also permitted evaluation of the complications unique to the
      implantation procedure: abscess formation, displacement of the implants, fibrous
      capsule formation, and wrinkles or cracks within the implant.

PMID- 6828693
TI  - Detection of osteoporotic sacral fractures with radionuclides.
AB  - Osteoporotic sacral fractures usually occur in elderly patients as a result of
      mild trauma. Clinical symptoms range from localized sacral tenderness to
      neurologic problems attributable to sacral nerve root irritation or cauda equina
      compression. Although the radiographic diagnosis is difficult to establish, bone
      scans show a characteristic H-shaped pattern of radionuclide uptake across the
      sacrum and sacroiliac joints. Four cases of osteoporotic sacral fracture with
      confirmation by computed tomography are included in this report.

PMID- 6828692
TI  - Ultrasonographic differentiation of the gestational sac of early intrauterine
      pregnancy from the pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - A retrospective review of 128 consecutively scanned pregnant patients who had
      either early intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs) or ectopic pregnancies was performed
      to determine the accuracy of the finding of an intrauterine double decidual sac
      (DDS) in distinguishing between these two groups of patients. The presence of a
      DDS correlated with an IUP in 59 of 60 patients (98.3%). Of 68 patients who
      lacked a DDS, only four had normal IUPs; the remaining patients had either
      ectopic pregnancies or abnormal IUPs. Results of this study suggest that the
      finding of a DDS at ultrasonography is useful in making an early diagnosis of
      IUP, while its absence strongly suggests either an ectopic pregnancy or an
      abnormal IUP.

PMID- 6828694
TI  - Directional dependence of radiation fluence from 192Ir and 198Au sources.
AB  - Radiation fluence distribution around 192Ir and 198Au seeds of the type used for
      brachytherapy application was measured using a NaI crystal connected to a multi
      channel analyzer. The radiation fluence, determined as a function of the angle
      between the seed axis and the direction of detection, is anisotropic with the
      fluence along the seed axis amounting to 78% of that perpendicular to the seed
      axis for seeds of both isotopes. The region of fluence reduction is broader for
      198Au seeds, extending from 0-45 degrees; for 192Ir the decrease in fluence is
      evident for angles of 0-20 degrees. Integration of the angular distribution over
      4 pi geometry indicated the effective activity of the implants to be 4% and 1%
      less than the nominal activity for the 198Au and 192Ir seeds, respectively, based
      on calibration measurements perpendicular to the seed axis.

PMID- 6828696
TI  - Evaluation of cassette performance: physical factors affecting patient exposure
      and image contrast.
AB  - Physical properties of four radiographic cassettes were investigated in
      combination with various screen/film systems. These properties included (a)
      transmittance of monoenergetic x rays over 14-96 keV and comparison with
      predictions based on attenuation coefficients; (b) relative patient exposure from
      60 to 120 kV (from phantom measurements) and correlation with predictions based
      on measured transmittance as well as average energies and angles of incident
      radiation; and (c) amounts of scatter from various cassette materials and
      comparison with Monte Carlo calculations. The results provide a model of
      performance based on quantitation of cassette effects on system speed and image
      contrast. Carbon-fiber cassettes required the lowest patient exposure, produced
      the least scatter, and (in low-scatter situations) were capable of increased
      image contrast.

PMID- 6828695
TI  - Characteristics of extrafocal radiation and its potential significance in
      pediatric radiology.
AB  - Extrafocal radiation was investigated using four different rotating-anode
      radiographic units currently employed in a pediatric hospital. It was found to
      exhibit significant penetration, with an effective energy only slightly lower
      than that of the primary radiation. The percentage of extrafocal relative to
      focal radiation in pediatric procedures involving rare-earth screens ranged from
      2 to 15%. The ratio of extrafocal to focal radiation tended to increase with
      increasing kVp, mA, and field size but was independent of focal spot size. Since
      extrafocal radiation may extend significantly outside of the primary collimated
      field, radiosensitive organs such as the gonads, thyroid, and eyes which are
      assumed to be shielded may actually receive as much as 25 mR per radiograph.

PMID- 6828698
TI  - Whole-skin electron treatment: patient skin dose distribution.
AB  - Low-energy electron irradiation of the whole skin is used to treat skin diseases
      such as mycosis fungoides. The literature on the related dosimetry concentrates
      almost exclusively on idealized conditions, such as the "in-air" distribution of
      radiation and the dose received by body-shaped phantoms. The results of a
      detailed study of dose to five patients, using measurements from
      thermoluminescent dosimeters, are reported. The dose to different points on the
      trunk was fairly uniform, while there were significant deviations from uniformity
      for the arms, legs, and head. The data show that in-air measurements are of
      limited value as a measure of the uniformity of the dose received by the patient.

PMID- 6828697
TI  - Baseline subtraction in quantitative cardiovascular computed tomography.
AB  - Beam-hardening (BH) effect was evaluated to determine its potential significance
      in quantitative blood flow measurements using computed tomography (CT). CT scans
      of a water bath containing a range of concentrations of iodine (0-15 mg/ml)
      placed outside and within the chest of a dead dog were obtained at different kVp
      levels (100, 120, and 130 kVp). The mean CT number and standard deviation were
      measured over a small region of interest for each concentration. The CT numbers
      measured outside the chest were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than
      those measured inside, suggesting a BH effect. However, this BH error was almost
      eliminated (p greater than 0.01) when water values (CTw) were subtracted from the
      CT numbers of the iodine solutions (delta CT = CT1 - CTW). Water subtraction was
      used to simulate baseline tissue CT numbers prior to contrast enhancement so that
      the delta CT values were analogous to those generally used to analyze blood flow.
      The BH effect was therefore not found to be significant for blood flow
      measurement accuracy in cardiovascular CT.

PMID- 6828699
TI  - Dental orthopantomography: survey of patient dose.

PMID- 6828700
TI  - Shaped, lead-loaded acrylic filters for patient exposure reduction and image
      quality improvement.
AB  - Shaped filters that are constructed of lead-loaded acrylic material for use in
      patient radiography are discussed. Use of the filters will result in improved
      overall image quality with significant exposure reduction to the patient
      (approximately a 2X reduction in breast exposure and a 3X reduction in thyroid
      gland exposure). Detailed drawings of the shaped filters for scoliosis
      radiography, cervical spine radiography, and for long film changers in special
      procedures are provided. The use of the scoliosis filters is detailed and
      includes phantom and patient radiographs and dose reduction information.

PMID- 6828703
TI  - Preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions using a wire marker and
      perforated mammographic grid.
AB  - Preoperative wire localization of mammographically identified nonpalpable breast
      lesions is facilitated by using a perforated mammographic compression plate. This
      device is used in conjunction with a self-retaining wire, and its use results in
      accurate placement of the wire-marker tip in close proximity to the
      mammographically suspicious lesion. In 39 of 47 lesions, the wire tip was within
      1.0 cm of the lesion, and in 45 of 47 lesions, the wire tip was within 1.5 cm of
      the lesion.

PMID- 6828702
TI  - Ureteric stone displacement using a new technique.
AB  - Transcutaneous displacement of ureteric stones has not been widely employed. The
      technique described here is one in which four ureteric stones were actively
      displaced into the bladder using a balloon catheter. Major ureteric surgery was
      thus avoided. This new technique may be useful as an alternative to Dormia basket
      extraction of ureteric calculi.

PMID- 6828701
TI  - Compound angulation for the angiographic evaluation of renal artery stenosis.
AB  - The increasing role of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the therapy of
      renal artery stenosis has, in turn, emphasized the need to optimize imaging of
      the entire length of the main renal artery and its major branches. The usual
      angiographic positioning techniques for anteroposterior and oblique views may not
      be adequate to define the precise location and extent of a stenosis. The authors
      combine oblique projections with sagittal angulation of the x-ray tube to augment
      the standard imaging methods for selective renal arteriography.

PMID- 6828704
TI  - Preoperative computed-tomographic localization of breast calcifications.

PMID- 6828705
TI  - A simple device for loading radioactive seeds into absorbable sutures.
AB  - Radioactive I-125 seeds that are loaded into absorbable sutures are convenient
      for permanent or removable interstitial-implantation. A simple device for loading
      radioactive seeds into commercially available sutures is described. This loader
      permits fast placement of seeds in the suture with minimal exposure to the
      involved personnel. Variable spacing is accomplished either by absorbable spacers
      or by minor manipulation of the loaded suture.

PMID- 6828706
TI  - A wide-range integrating portable personnel-exposure meter with alarm thresholds.

PMID- 6828708
TI  - The retroperitoneal fat sign.

PMID- 6828707
TI  - Diagnostic imaging procedure volume in the United States.
AB  - Comprehensive data on 1979 and 1980 diagnostic imaging procedure volume were
      collected from a stratified random sample of U.S. short-term general-care
      hospitals and private practices of radiologists, cardiologists,
      obstetricians/gynecologists, orthopedic surgeons, and neurologists/neurosurgeons.
      Approximately 181 million imaging procedures (within the study scope) were
      performed in 1980. Despite the rapidly increasing use of newer imaging methods,
      plain film radiography (140.3 million procedures) and contrast studies (22.9
      million procedures) continue to comprise the vast majority of diagnostic imaging
      volume. Ultrasound, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and special procedures
      make up less than 10% of total diagnostic imaging procedures. Comparison of the
      data from this study with data from an earlier study indicates that imaging
      procedure volume in hospitals expanded at an annual growth rate of almost 8% from
      1973 to 1980.

PMID- 6828709
TI  - Taste acuity, plasma zinc, and weight loss during radiotherapy.

PMID- 6828711
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma in children. Two case reports and a review of the literature.

PMID- 6828710
TI  - Transcatheter vessel occlusion: angiographic results versus clinical success.
AB  - A review was made of 219 transcatheter vessel occlusion procedures performed over
      a ten-year period for control of hemorrhage, tumor palliation, or blood supply
      redistribution prior to intra-arterial chemotherapy. Complete angiographic
      success was obtained in 85% of the procedures, with partial success in 8%;
      complete clinical success was achieved in 53% of patients, with partial success
      in 23%. The most satisfactory clinical results were obtained with hemorrhagic
      gastritis and pelvic trauma. Embolizations for duodenal ulcer hemorrhage and
      transhepatic variceal occlusion were the least clinically successful, although
      isobutyl-cyanoacrylate appeared to be a significant improvement in angiographic
      therapy for duodenal ulcer. The overall complication rate was 13%, with one third
      of the complications clinically silent. These results indicate that transcatheter
      vessel occlusion is a relatively safe and effective method for control of
      hemorrhage or tumor infarction.

PMID- 6828712
TI  - Distal focal femoral deficiency.
AB  - Two children with a congenital limb deficiency, involving the distal end of the
      femur and the femorotibial joint, are described. Both had associated ipsilateral
      limb anomalies; one had absence of the shaft of the femur and agenesis of the
      fibula and the other had a malformed tibia and dislocation of the knee. The
      similarities between distal focal femoral deficiency and the more common proximal
      femoral defects are stressed.

PMID- 6828714
TI  - High-resolution computed tomographic appearance of the intrasellar contents in
      women of childbearing age.
AB  - Our experience with high-resolution computed tomography has indicated that the
      accepted norms for appearance and size of the pituitary gland may not be entirely
      valid for women of childbearing age. Fifty women with normal menstrual histories
      and who were not taking oral contraceptives were studied. The study consisted of
      overlapping 1.5-mm sections through the pituitary fossa in the coronal position
      only, using a bolus of contrast material followed by a continuous drip during the
      study. The results indicate that the top of the normal range of gland height is
      well over the accepted 7 mm and that focal defects within the gland are common.
      Other variables such as gland shape, width, and overall density were also
      evaluated.

PMID- 6828713
TI  - Dandy-Walker syndrome studied by computed tomography and pneumoencephalography.
AB  - Based on air studies, some authors have disputed the ability of computed
      tomography (CT) to diagnose posterior fossa cysts. The authors correlated the
      pneumoencephalographic, CT, and pathological findings in 4 patients with classic
      Dandy-Walker syndrome. Three cases had been misdiagnosed as retrocerebellar
      arachnoid cysts because the fourth ventricle was incorrectly considered normal on
      brow-up or erect air studies, reflecting the inability of such studies to
      evaluate an agenetic vermis and deficient posterior medullary velum which are
      characteristic of Dandy-Walker malformation. Careful correlation with autopsy
      findings showed that even with complete agenesis of the inferior vermis, if the
      slit between the cerebellar hemispheres is narrow, the fourth ventricle could be
      misinterpreted as normal on pneumoencephalography and sagittal CT. Radionuclide
      studies, a small amount of air, or metrizamide may be needed to determine whether
      the cyst communicates with the subarachnoid space.

PMID- 6828716
TI  - Computed tomography of the larynx: correlation with anatomic and pathologic
      studies in cases of laryngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Seven patients with known carcinoma of the larynx underwent computed tomography
      (CT) of the larynx prior to surgery. Whole-mount sections of the extirpated
      larynx cut in the horizontal plane were compared with the corresponding level of
      the preoperative CT sections to demonstrate the validity of CT scanning in the
      evaluation of tumors of the larynx. The results indicate that CT scanning
      accurately demonstrates the anatomic location and gross size of laryngeal tumor,
      although early invasion of the laryngeal cartilages may be difficult to diagnose
      with CT. It is concluded that preoperative CT scanning of the larynx is the
      radiologic procedure of choice for evaluating carcinoma of the larynx.

PMID- 6828718
TI  - Giant-cell granuloma of the sinuses.

PMID- 6828717
TI  - Giant-cell lesions of the facial bones.
AB  - Giant-cell lesions of the paranasal sinuses, including the giant-cell reparative
      granuloma, the brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, the true giant-cell tumor,
      cherubism, and the aneurysmal bone cyst, are uncommon entities. Plain
      radiographic and computed-tomographic studies of these lesions are described and
      the differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 6828715
TI  - Metrizamide--a potential in vivo inhibitor of glucose metabolism.
AB  - Metrizamide used as a contrast medium for examination of the subarachnoid space
      and its contents may produce adverse reactions, but the mechanism for these
      reactions is not certain. The present study demonstrated a depression of glucose
      metabolism in rat neural tissue by metrizamide. Sixteen paired experiments using
      hippocampal tissue from rats showed a depression of glucose metabolism of 24.4 +/
      4.78%. This depression was significant (p less than 0.001) and was not related
      to a dilutional or hypertonic effect. The depression occurred at about the same
      time that adverse reactions are seen in patients, suggesting that the adverse
      reactions may be related to inhibition of glucose metabolism in the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 6828719
TI  - Potential hazards and artifacts of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic surgical
      and dental materials and devices in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - The risks to patients with metal surgical implants who are undergoing nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and the artifacts caused by such implants were
      studied. Twenty-one aneurysm and other hemostatic clips and a variety of other
      materials (e.g., dental amalgam, 14 karat gold) were used. Longitudinal forces
      and torques were found to be exerted upon 16 of the 21 clips. With five aneurysm
      clips, forces and torques sufficient to produce risk of hemorrhage from
      dislocation of the clip from the vessel or aneurysm, or cerebral injury by clip
      displacement without dislodgement were identified. The induced ferromagnetism was
      shown to be related to the composition of the alloys from which the clips were
      manufactured. Clips with 10-14% nickel are evidently without sufficient induced
      ferromagnetism to cause hazard. The extent of NMR imaging artifacts was greater
      for materials with measurable ferromagnetic properties, but metals without
      measurable ferromagnetism in our tests also resulted in significant artifacts.
      Dental amalgam and 14 karat gold produced no imaging artifacts, but stainless
      steels in dentures and orthodontic braces produced extensive artifacts in the
      facial region.

PMID- 6828720
TI  - The effects of nuclear magnetic resonance on patients with cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - The effect of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging on six representative
      cardiac pacemakers was studied. The results indicate that the threshold for
      initiating the asynchronous mode of a pacemaker is 17 gauss. Radiofrequency
      levels are present in an NMR unit and may confuse or possibly inhibit demand
      pacemakers, although sensing circuitry is normally provided with electromagnetic
      interference discrimination. Time-varying magnetic fields can generate pulse
      amplitudes and frequencies to mimic cardiac activity. A serious limitation in the
      possibility of imaging a patient with a pacemaker would be the alteration of
      normal pulsing parameters due to time-varying magnetic fields.

PMID- 6828721
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland: a preliminary report.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging characteristics of the normal and
      abnormal adrenal gland were evaluated and compared with findings on computed
      tomography (CT). Forty-two patients were examined: 36 had normal adrenal glands
      and 6 had adrenal disease (3 metastatic lesions, 1 pheochromocytoma, and 2
      cortical hyperplasia). NMR clearly showed all 42 left adrenals (100%) and 36
      right adrenals (86%). In some patients, it appeared to differentiate the adrenal
      cortex from the medulla. The ability of NMR to detect adrenal disease was similar
      to that of CT in 6 cases examined. CT demonstrated superior spatial resolution in
      most cases, but NMR provided superior soft-tissue contrast. Since NMR does not
      involve ionizing radiation and provides excellent soft-tissue differentiation
      without contrast material, it has advantages over CT and appears to be a
      promising modality for imaging of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 6828722
TI  - Musculoskeletal applications of nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Thirty healthy subjects and 15 patients with a variety of musculoskeletal
      disorders were examined by conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT),
      and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR proved capable of demonstrating
      important anatomic structures in the region of the lumbosacral spine. Lumbar disk
      protrusion was demonstrated in three patients with CT evidence of the disease.
      NMR appeared to differentiate annulus fibrosus from nucleus pulposus in
      intervertebral disk material. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was
      demonstrated in two patients. The cruciate ligaments of the knee were well
      defined by NMR. Muscles, tendons and ligaments, and blood vessels could be
      reliably differentiated, and the excellent soft-tissue contrast of NMR proved
      useful in the evaluation of bony and soft-tissue tumors. NMR holds promise in the
      evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 6828723
TI  - Intrahepatic vascular territories shown by computed tomography (CT). The value of
      CT in determining resectability of hepatic tumors.
AB  - Hepatic vascular anatomy as seen on computed tomography (CT) is correlated with
      surgical planes. The portal triad structures course in an intralobar and
      intrasegmental direction but are bounded by interlobar and intersegmental
      surgical planes which are traversed by the hepatic veins. All of these vessels
      and planes are oriented cephalocaudally and are shown well on axial CT images
      following a bolus contrast injection or a combination bolus and drip infusion (80
      g I). In a prospective survey of 24 partial hepatectomy candidates evaluated by
      this technique, with angiographic or surgical corroboration in 15, CT accurately
      established lack of resectability in 11 patients and was correct in 11 of 13
      patients whose tumor was considered resectable. Angiography and surgery may be
      averted in some partial hepatectomy patients using this technique.

PMID- 6828724
TI  - Diagnosis of abdominal abscesses in patients with major trauma: the use of
      computed tomography.
AB  - The usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing abdominal abscesses was
      evaluated prospectively in 69 septic patients who had suffered massive trauma.
      For the 82 abdominal CT scans obtained, the accuracy rate was 84%, the
      sensitivity was 92%, and the specificity was 79%. With the use of abdominal CT,
      32 patients were spared a "blind" laparotomy in the search for the focus of
      infection. It is concluded that CT is of significant value in the diagnosis of
      abdominal abscess in the septic trauma patient.

PMID- 6828725
TI  - Congenital absence of the left lobe of the liver: a radiologic diagnosis.

PMID- 6828727
TI  - Ultrasound analysis of 104 primary breast carcinomas classified according to
      histopathologic type.

PMID- 6828726
TI  - Computed tomography of mesenteric involvement in fulminant pancreatitis.

PMID- 6828729
TI  - The fetal hippocampus. A possible pitfall and a useful anatomical landmark in
      evaluation of the biparietal diameter.
AB  - A well-demarcated hypoechoic region was seen just lateral to the collicular plate
      during measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) in 101 (70%) of 144
      ultrasound examinations and confirmed on postmortem sonographic water-bath
      studies of fetal brains. This structure was found to represent the hippocampus,
      with its lateral border formed by the trigone of the lateral ventricle. It should
      not be confused with an abnormal entity such as a ventricular cyst. Recognition
      of this hypoechoic region in conjunction with previously described structures is
      a useful method of obtaining consistent BPD measurements.

PMID- 6828730
TI  - The sonographic appearance of fluid in the prevesical space.
AB  - A fluid collection within the retropubic space has a characteristic sonographic
      contour which, when combined with a partially distended bladder, resembles a yoke
      over a bell. The fluid conforms to the anterior convexity of the bladder. This
      configuration is distinct from that of ascites or a lymphadenectomy-related
      lymphocele.

PMID- 6828731
TI  - A comparison of radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging and real-time ultrasound for
      the detection of acute cholecystitis.
AB  - The relative value of hepatobiliary scintigraphy vs. real-time ultrasound for the
      identification of acute cholecystitis was evaluated. No significant difference in
      sensitivity (97% vs. 97%) existed between the two modalities. Scintigraphy
      demonstrated better specificity (93% vs. 64%) and predictive value (77% vs. 40%).
      Although real-time ultrasound provided improved sensitivity over static gray
      scale imaging for identification of gallbladder disease, hepatobiliary
      scintigraphy remains the procedure of choice for acute cholecystitis detection.

PMID- 6828732
TI  - False-positive liver scans due to portal hypertension: correlation with
      percutaneous transhepatic portograms in 33 patients.
AB  - Tc-99m-phytate scanning of the liver and percutaneous transhepatic
      catheterization of the portal vein were performed in 33 patients--26 with
      cirrhosis, 3 with chronic active hepatitis, 2 with idiopathic portal
      hypertension, and 2 with unresolved acute hepatitis. A discrete defect in the
      porta hepatis area was seen in 6 of 28 patients who had portal vein pressure
      above 200 mm H2O. In 5 of the 6 patients with a false-positive scan, the
      umbilical portion of the left portal vein branch was dilated (larger than 25 x 20
      mm) on the portogram, with or without a patent paraumbilical vein. The anatomical
      basis of this phenomenon is discussed, and it is suggested that this area be
      given special attention.

PMID- 6828733
TI  - Work in progress: radioisotopic evaluation of gastroplasty patients.
AB  - Radioisotopic gastric emptying studies, using technetium-99m-sulfur-colloid
      labeled egg, were performed in 14 patients who had undergone gastroplasty. The
      radioisotopic method was found to be a good quantitative indicator of the amount
      of solids that empty from the stomach and a useful tool in the longterm follow-up
      of gastroplasty patients. It was particularly helpful in evaluating the efficacy
      of surgery in patients with poor postsurgical weight reduction.

PMID- 6828728
TI  - Intervillous thrombosis: sonographic and pathologic correlation.
AB  - Sonographic and pathologic documentation of 7 cases of intervillous thrombosis of
      the placenta are presented. These lesions were demonstrated on sonography as
      early as 19 weeks of gestation. Since intervillous thromboses are thought to be
      related to Rh isoimmunization, their sonographic documentation may be of clinical
      importance.

PMID- 6828737
TI  - The role of computed tomography in the planning of radiotherapy fields.
AB  - Until recently, acquisition of accurate data concerning tumor anatomy lagged
      behind other developments in radiotherapy. With the advent of computed tomography
      (CT), these data can be displayed and transmitted to a treatment planning
      computer. CT information concerning tumor location, irradiated volume, and
      dosimetry were compared with results obtained by traditional methods. Of 201
      consecutive patients examined, CT was found to be helpful in 36% (pelvic tumors,
      48%; chest wall tumors, 2%; intrathoracic tumors, 54%; palliative treatment,
      27%).

PMID- 6828734
TI  - Predictive value of intracutaneous xenon clearance for healing of amputation and
      cutaneous ulcer sites.
AB  - A previously reported technique for the assessment of skin blood flow in the
      lower extremities of patients with ischemic lesions was evaluated using
      intracutaneous xenon clearance. The radioisotope was injected above and below
      both the ankle and the knee and flow was measured using a gamma camera with a low
      energy collimator, 88-keV photopeak, and a 20% window. Healing was more frequent
      when skin blood flow was equal to or greater than 2.4 ml/min/100 g (38/39
      patients) than when flow was less than 2.4 ml/min/100 g (4/7 patients). The
      authors conclude that this technique can be used to help determine the
      appropriate site for amputation in lower limb ischemic lesions.

PMID- 6828735
TI  - Iliopelvic radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in patients with testicular cancer.
AB  - The utility of iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy was assessed in 21 patients with
      testicular cancer (six seminoma patients, 15 nonseminoma patients). Normal
      lymphoscintiscans demonstrated symmetric uptake of technetium-99m-labeled
      radiocolloid throughout the lymphatic chain, from the internal iliac nodes to the
      level of the renal hilum. Signs of abnormality included decreased or no uptake of
      radionuclide in consecutive nodes of a lymphatic chain or in an entire lymphatic
      chain, and diminished uptake at the level of the renal hilum. In the 15 patients
      with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer, correlation of the results of scanning
      with pathologic specimens obtained upon dissection of retroperitoneal lymph nodes
      revealed a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.83. In the six patients
      with seminoma, there was good correlation between scan findings and results of
      other radiologic tests. This study suggests that iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy is
      a sensitive means of determining whether lymph node metastases are present in
      patients with testicular cancer.

PMID- 6828736
TI  - An all-digital nuclear medicine department.
AB  - An all-digital nuclear medicine department is described. Nuclear medicine images
      are acquired by a separate computer interfaced to each camera. The digital images
      are viewed, manipulated, and interpreted from remote display stations in an
      interpretation area. The interpretation is dictated into a Rapid Telephone Access
      System (RTAS), where the voice is digitized and stored. By dialing the patient's
      identification number, the referring physician can hear the interpretation over
      any telephone. The images are filed on large storage discs. The digital scans can
      be rapidly and easily accessed for later review by the use of several directory
      programs. This system has brought not only efficiency and cost savings, but the
      ability for remote viewing elsewhere in the hospital and telephone transmission
      of nuclear cardiology studies from community hospitals for interpretation in the
      digital nuclear medicine department.

PMID- 6828739
TI  - Work in progress. Transbronchial brachytherapy of recurrent bronchogenic
      carcinoma: a new approach using the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

PMID- 6828740
TI  - Artifacts produced by moving grids.
AB  - Anti-scatter grids reduce the amount of secondary radiation contributing to the
      image and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. However, they may also lead to the
      creation of linear artifacts representing the shadows of the radiopaque septa.
      Grid motion perpendicular to the septa during the exposure can cause blurring of
      the artifacts; however, the wider septa of recently proposed grids increase the
      difficulty of suppressing the artifacts entirely. Physical characteristics which
      affect perceptibility of grid-line artifacts and the conditions needed for their
      elimination are analyzed. Sufficient grid movement can eliminate overlap
      artifacts, while synchronization of linear grid motion with exposure time can
      suppress artifacts for relatively small grid movements.

PMID- 6828738
TI  - Irradiation of para-aortic lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix or
      endometrium. Preliminary results.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with biopsy-proved para-aortic lymph node metastases from
      carcinoma of the cervix (15 patients) or endometrium (7 patients) received a
      median dose of 5,000 rad/25 fractions. Para-aortic nodal metastases were
      controlled in 77% of cases. Control was significantly lower following radical
      retroperitoneal lymph node dissection than less extensive sampling procedures.
      Obstruction of the small bowel developed in 3 patients with tumor recurrence in
      the para-aortic region. Eight of the 10 patients who were disease-free at 2 years
      received greater than 5,000 rad. Three patients were still alive without disease
      at 129, 63, and 60 months, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate
      was 40% for cervical cancer and 60% for endometrial cancer: in the former group,
      it was significantly different depending on whether the para-aortic nodes were
      irradiated (40%) or not (0%). The authors suggest that 5,000-5,500 rad in 5-5.5
      weeks is well tolerated and can control aortic nodal metastases in cervical and
      possibly endometrial cancer.

PMID- 6828741
TI  - Transluminal expandable nitinol coil stent grafting: preliminary report.
AB  - A method is described for the percutaneous catheter placement of expandable
      nitinol coil stents for the nonoperative restoration and maintenance of patency
      in internal flow pathways, especially the lumina of blood vessels and biliary
      ducts.

PMID- 6828743
TI  - Stiff fine-needle guide wire for catheterization and drainage.

PMID- 6828742
TI  - Nonsurgical placement of arterial endoprostheses: a new technique using nitinol
      wire.
AB  - A new type of endovascular prosthesis has been developed using a unique metal
      alloy (nitinol) with a heat-sensitive memory. Nitinol wire coil grafts were
      straightened in ice water and passed into the canine aorta via catheter, where
      they reformed into their original shapes. Follow-up aortograms demonstrated long
      term patency with minimal thrombus formation. Nitinol endovascular coil grafts
      may eventually be used in the nonsurgical treatment of several forms of vascular
      disease.

PMID- 6828744
TI  - The use of high-speed film/screen combinations to improve diagnostic image
      quality.
AB  - Increased film speed, when used with the same intensifying screens, results in an
      increase in quantum "noise." Nevertheless, this increased noise is not the
      primary degrading factor of diagnostic quality during arteriography and cross
      table myelography. The authors show that the use of high-speed film/screen
      combinations decreases the threshold diameter for blood vessel detectability on
      arteriograms. Also, these combinations can be used to increase the contrast
      between opacified spinal fluid and surrounding bone during cross-table
      myelography.

PMID- 6828745
TI  - Enteroclysis aided by an electric pump.
AB  - An electric pump is recommended that facilitates enteroclysis in patients
      undergoing radiographic examination of the small bowel. Because the pump produces
      a constant and rapid flow of barium, and thus increased distention, its use
      enhances the demonstration of small bowel lesions. The authors have performed
      more than 30 examinations using this pump with total success.

PMID- 6828746
TI  - Percutaneous catheter drainage of septic shoulder joint.
AB  - A method for draining septic shoulder joints, similar to percutaneous methods
      recently described for draining abdominal abscesses, is discussed. This
      alternative technique may also be used for percutaneous drainage of septic hips,
      thus obviating complicated surgery.

PMID- 6828747
TI  - Radiological assessment of gastroplasty and gastric bypass surgery.

PMID- 6828748
TI  - Computed-tomographic confirmation of femoral vein distension with the Valsalva
      maneuver.

PMID- 6828749
TI  - Use of an ultrasound transducer in a sterile field.

PMID- 6828751
TI  - Enlarged CSF spaces in infants with subdural hematoma.

PMID- 6828752
TI  - The radiologic features of small colon cancers.

PMID- 6828750
TI  - Methodological problems in clinical radiology research: pituitary microadenoma
      detection as a paradigm.
AB  - Forty papers on the radiologic detection of pituitary microadenomas were reviewed
      and used as the basis for a discussion of the sometimes tentative nature of
      published results in clinical research. Early articles on the radiologic
      evaluation of pituitary microadenomas, reporting favorable results with special
      plain film and polytomographic techniques, altered traditional examination
      patterns and led to surgical exploration of some patients. Later radiographic and
      pathologic studies revealed flaws in the specificity of the original proposed
      criteria, resulting in a decline in the use of the new routines. The authors warn
      that the methodologic pitfalls that accompanied the rise and subsequent fall in
      popularity of plain radiography techniques could be repeated when computed
      tomography comes into more widespread use in the diagnosis of this entity.

PMID- 6828753
TI  - Primary lymphoma of bone: radiographic appearance and prognosis.

PMID- 6828754
TI  - Rare-earth screens versus calcium tungstate screens.

PMID- 6828755
TI  - May-Thurner syndrome.
AB  - Three patients with long standing edema of the left leg were examined, and
      venography and hemodynamic studies were performed. All three patients had a
      "spur" (May-Thurner syndrome) of the left common iliac vein at the level of the
      crossover position of the right common iliac artery. Surgical exploration in two
      of these patients verified marked hypertrophy of the intima of the left common
      iliac vein that caused partial obstruction. Surgical repair resulted in great
      improvement. Anatomic findings at venography are characteristic of this syndrome.
      Hemodynamic pressure measurements are of ancillary help in confirming the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6828756
TI  - The chest radiograph in Legionnaires' disease. Further observations.
AB  - Chest radiographs of 70 patients with Legionnaires' disease were evaluated and
      compared to the authors' previous series of 24 patients as well as others in the
      literature. A larger number of patients in the more recent survey had pleural
      effusion, and there were 3 with cavitation whereas none was seen previously.
      Analysis of the radiograph showing the most marked changes in survivors versus
      patients who died showed no consistent pattern, indicating that the radiograph
      cannot be used as a prognostic indicator. On long-term follow-up (mean, 104.2
      days), the radiograph remained abnormal for many months and demonstrated a
      variety of slowly resolving or permanent abnormalities.

PMID- 6828757
TI  - Bilateral superomedial hilar displacement: a unique sign of previous mediastinal
      radiation.

PMID- 6828760
TI  - Survey of the esophagus during the upper gastrointestinal examination in 500
      patients.
AB  - Of 500 patients referred for an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract,
      15% were found to have radiographic evidence of esophageal disease. A cursory
      esophageal survey appears to be insufficient. Thorough evaluation should consist
      of a minimal multiphasic approach involving double- and single-contrast
      radiography, fluoroscopic studies of motility, and a mucosal relief study.

PMID- 6828759
TI  - Management of loculated abscesses that are difficult to drain: a new approach.
AB  - Fourteen critically ill patients underwent percutaneous drainage of abdominal
      abscesses. All 14 had one or more relative contraindications to external drainage
      procedure: (a) multiloculated abscesses; (b) multiple abscesses; (c) abscesses
      that form fistulae to surrounding organs; (d) abscesses containing viscous fluid,
      debris, or necrotic material. A total of 32 cavities was drained, usually using a
      multiple trocar/catheter system. Biplane computed tomography demonstrated a safe
      drainage route in all patients. In those patients in whom the contents of the
      abscess were too viscous to permit drainage, the contents were liquefied with
      acetylcysteine. Nine of the 14 patients (64%) recovered completely following the
      drainage procedure.

PMID- 6828758
TI  - Treatment of hepatic neoplasm through extrahepatic collaterals.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with hepatic artery occlusion were treated with additional
      hepatic infusion or embolization through extrahepatic collaterals. Seventeen
      courses of hepatic infusion were performed in 13 patients through the inferior
      pancreaticoduodenal artery, left gastric artery, or right gastric artery. Twenty
      five hepatic embolization procedures were performed in 16 patients through the
      right and left phrenic arteries, left and right gastric arteries,
      pancreaticoduodenal artery, gastroduodenal artery, or omentoepiploic artery. In
      one patient gastric ulcers developed following left gastric artery infusion. No
      complication related to the embolization procedure was observed in the
      embolization group. The extrahepatic collaterals are important alternative routes
      for continuous transcatheter management of hepatic neoplasms following hepatic
      artery occlusion.

PMID- 6828761
TI  - The role of single and double-contrast radiography in the diagnosis of reflux
      esophagitis.
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with endoscopically proved esophagitis and 25 patients who
      had no esophageal disease were examined by double-contrast esophagography,
      followed by a single-contrast examination. The radiographs were evaluated
      separately and as a combined examination technique by three independent
      radiologists in a blind analysis. The respective sensitivities were 77% for the
      single-contrast examination, 80% for the double-contrast examination, and 88% for
      the combined examination method with no significant statistical difference (P =
      0.05). The sensitivity increased for all methods with an increased severity of
      esophagitis. False positives more frequently occurred with double-contrast
      radiography, leading to similar accuracy rates for all methods (74% to 77%). The
      double-contrast examination technique showed an advantage over single-contrast
      radiography only if a granular pattern and erosions were the only
      radiographically detectible features of esophagitis. The use of the combined
      examination technique is recommended.

PMID- 6828763
TI  - The cecal diaphragm.
AB  - A detailed radiologic, colonoscopic, and histologic analysis is described in the
      case of a cecal web presenting as a "cecal mass." The demonstration of a
      transverse band-like lucency proximal to the ileocecal valve should prompt
      careful double-contrast barium studies, to which endoscopy may be added, enabling
      a correct diagnosis to be made.

PMID- 6828762
TI  - Inflammatory colonic changes produced by contrast material.

PMID- 6828764
TI  - Anorectal herpes: radiographic findings.
AB  - Radiography revealed aphthous ulcers, plaquelike erosions, and deep collar button
      ulcerations in a patient with herpes involving the rectum and the sigmoid colon.
      It is concluded that herpes simplex virus should be added to the list of disease
      entities that produce aphthous and collar button ulcerations.

PMID- 6828765
TI  - Diaphyseal presentation of Paget disease in long bones.
AB  - The authors report a case of polyostotic Paget disease including bilateral tibial
      involvement with sparing of the ends of each bone. Bone scans with technetium-99m
      methylene diphosphonate demonstrated increased activity at the ends of the
      tibiae, suggesting atypical progression from the shaft toward the joint. This
      appears to be the first such report to include scintigraphic correlation.

PMID- 6828766
TI  - Cystic renal disease in tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - The clinical and radiologic findings of tuberous sclerosis in three family
      members, which manifested as renal insufficiency due to extensive renal cystic
      disease, are described. The family was thought to have polycystic kidney disease
      until coexisting tiny angiomyolipomas were found among the cysts (by computed
      tomography in two patients and at autopsy in one). The radiologic and pathologic
      factors that establish the diagnosis of renal cystic disease associated with the
      tuberous sclerosis complex are reviewed.

PMID- 6828767
TI  - Transillumination of breast tissues: factors governing optimal imaging of
      lesions.
AB  - Lesions within the female breast may be observed in a darkened room when the
      tissues are transilluminated by white light. Telediaphanography is a method of
      recording that can reproduce images of lesions in monochrome or pseudocolor in
      real time. A model system is described that permits measurement of spatial
      resolution.

PMID- 6828769
TI  - Breast cancer visualized by mammography in patients under 35.

PMID- 6828768
TI  - Angiographic management of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas: clinical results.

PMID- 6828770
TI  - Nonobstructive fetal hydronephrosis: sonographic recognition and therapeutic
      implications.
AB  - The postnatal outcome of nine patients with the prenatal diagnosis of fetal
      hydronephrosis is reported. In only three of the nine cases was true obstructive
      hydronephrosis demonstrated, and in only one of these cases (11%) the patient
      might have benefited from decompressive surgery at the time of diagnosis of the
      abnormality. Twenty-nine additional cases from the literature are reviewed. It is
      concluded that a major deterrent to early fetal surgery is that most of the cases
      of obstructive hydronephrosis are identified too late in gestation.

PMID- 6828771
TI  - [The young and we psychotherapists].

PMID- 6828774
TI  - [Fear of the mighty of public mourning].

PMID- 6828772
TI  - [Narcissism in our time. Some psychoanalytic-sociological reflections on its
      genesis].

PMID- 6828773
TI  - [Anti-Semitism--a male disease?].

PMID- 6828775
TI  - Enteric release of vasoactive intestinal peptide after a peptone meal in the dog.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in plasma from portal and peripheral venous blood obtained from
      six alert, non-anesthetized dogs before and after gastric infusion of a 10%
      peptone meal. Mean basal portal and cephalic vein plasma VIP concentrations were
      42 +/- 11.7 and 42 +/- 8.0 (S.E.M.) pg/ml, respectively. No significant changes
      in peripheral venous plasma VIP concentrations were noted after the peptone meal
      throughout the duration of the collection period. In contrast, however, the mean
      VIP concentration in portal plasma increased promptly after the peptone meal with
      a peak of 79 +/- 8.2 pg/ml (P less than 0.02) occurring 8 min after infusion of
      the meal. This was followed by a gradual decline in portal plasma VIP levels,
      with a return to prefeeding concentrations at 60 min (44 +/- 6.3 pg/ml). Results
      of these studies demonstrate that following gastric infusion of a peptone meal in
      the dog, portal, but not peripheral, plasma VIP concentrations increase
      significantly. Failure to detect augmentation of peripheral vein VIP levels after
      the meal is probably due to hepatic clearance of VIP.

PMID- 6828778
TI  - [Giant cell myocarditis].

PMID- 6828777
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pleural empyema].

PMID- 6828776
TI  - Effect of daily pretrial injection of oxytocin on rat behavior in the open-field
      situation.
AB  - This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of daily pretrial
      intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin on behaviors of rats in an open-field
      situation. The group treated with 0.055 micrograms of oxytocin did not show any
      behavioral changes except the defecation score which was significantly more
      elevated than in controls. The group treated with 0.11 micrograms showed a
      general locomotor activity and a number of rearing behavior significantly more
      elevated than in all three other groups. The defecation and the grooming scores
      were however not different from controls. Finally, the group treated with 0.22
      micrograms did not present any behavioral difference when compared with controls.
      Only the defecation score was significantly lower than in all the other groups.
      It is suggested that daily injection of oxytocin affects the arousal rather than
      the emotionality level.

PMID- 6828779
TI  - [Double pylorus: report of 2 cases].

PMID- 6828780
TI  - [Incidence of pathogenic enterobacteria and intestinal parasitosis in the
      population of the Rio Bayano region upstream from the dam].

PMID- 6828781
TI  - [Importance of hypertransaminasemia in blood donors. Study performed in patients
      of the Saint Thomas Hospital].

PMID- 6828782
TI  - [Sea urchins of Panama, the lesions they cause and their treatment].

PMID- 6828783
TI  - [Current status of the mammalian fauna of Panama].

PMID- 6828784
TI  - [Clinical experience and results in uretero-pyelic obstruction in children].

PMID- 6828786
TI  - [Comparison of radiotherapy and surgery in the management of cervical cancer in
      stages Ib and II].
AB  - In the years 1971-76 we have treated 243 stage Ib cancers of the cervix. 104
      (45.9%) were submitted to a radical surgery in the form of a classical Wertheim
      Meigs operation in 32 of them, whilst in the other 72 lymphadenectomy was
      extended to the lumbar-aortic chains. When feasible, all the operated cases were
      submitted to a postoperative radiumtherapy on the vaginal vault and to external
      irradiation if N+ at histological examination. 114 cases (46.9%) were submitted
      to a complete course of radiotherapy. The remaining 25 cases (10.3%) were
      submitted to a preoperative radiumtherapy plus radical surgery. The 5-year NED
      survival was 89.5% in the surgical group, 93.0% in the radiotherapy group and
      91.1% for the patients submitted to a preoperative radiumtherapy. In the time
      interval considered the stage II cases were 89. 14 (15.7%) were operated upon, 66
      (74.2%) were treated with a complete course of radiotherapy and 9 (10.1%) were
      submitted to a preoperative radiumtherapy plus radical surgery. The 5-year NED
      survival was respectively 83.8%, 67.1% (only for proximal-stage II cases) and
      100.0%. Radiotherapy is equivalent to surgery for the treatment of the stage Ib
      cervical cancers. On the contrary several arguments claim a combined therapeutic
      approach in the treatment of the stage II cases.

PMID- 6828785
TI  - [The role of computerized tomography in primary malignant tumors of the
      nasopharynx. Observations on 20 cases].
AB  - 20 patients, with primary tumors of the nasopharynx have been studied over 3
      years by CT with a second generation equipment. All cases were bioptically
      confirmed and 13 undifferentiated carcinomas, 4 differentiated epidermoid
      carcinomas, 1 adenoid-cystic carcinoma, 2 lymphomas were found. In every case,
      the CT provided a direct visualization of the lesion and correctly evaluated the
      extranasopharyngeal spread. This allowed a better T staging by classifying as T3
      4 patients previously evaluated, on a clinical and radiological basis, as T2.
      Moreover, CT showed a circumscribed lesion on the right wall of the nasopharynx
      in a patient who resulted negative at clinical and radiological examination, and
      guided the biopsy which resulted positive for tumor. HCT, with a 100% positivity,
      is a better diagnostic tool with respect to posterior rhinoscopy and conventional
      radiology, respectively 95% and 88% positivity in the series of the authors.
      Finally CT was very helpful in therapy planning and post-irradiation follow-up.

PMID- 6828788
TI  - [Liquid radioactive waste in health activities: annual dosage to the population].
AB  - A survey was taken of the amount of radionuclides, acquired, utilized, and
      released in one year's time, in the Adige river by the USL (Local Division of the
      National Public Health System) of Verona. The critical pathways of environmental
      pollution were analyzed and the individual and collective doses of some critical
      population groups and the population as a whole were compiled. Some suggestions
      to reduce the collective doses both from radioactive releases and diagnostic use
      of radionuclides are given.

PMID- 6828787
TI  - [Radioactive waste monitored around the city hospitals in Brescia. Results of a
      radiometric survey and model of the radiologic impact on the environment].
AB  - The release into environment of liquid radioactive wastes coming from the
      metabolic therapy department of the Spedali Civili in Brescia was monitored
      during six months, with a rate of release of about 20 divided by 50 mCi of 131I
      every 30 divided by 40 days. Samples of 10 liters of liquid, taken from sewers
      downstream from the release point during a release operation, was percolated on
      50 cm3 of ionic exchange resin in order to achieve a suitable counting rate with
      a Ge(Li) crystal spectrometer, connected to a 2048 channel analyzer. From these
      measurements a dilution curve along the sewers course was obtained, allowing one
      to know, for a given radioiodine concentration at the release point,
      concentration at every point downstream. In this way, by means of a simple linear
      compartmental model, it is possible to calculate the average individual dose
      taken by individuals who are living in the region (250.000 inhabitants) in one
      year of release operations. In our case we considered, as critical pathways to
      man, cow milk, meat, cereals and fruits: we obtained for thyroid, which in the
      case of radioiodine is the critical organ, an individual annual dose of 5,41 x
      10(-4) mrem, while for total body we obtained 9,49 x 10(-7) mrem.

PMID- 6828789
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance and its biological problems].
AB  - Among the main reasons for the interest aroused by the production of images by
      nuclear magnetic resonance, the successes obtained by TC and the possibility of
      avoiding the use of ionizing radiations in the new procedure are well worth
      mentioning. This possibility had induced operators to consider the possible
      effects of an examination with nuclear magnetic resonance "a priori" unimportant
      or only noticeable as regards a subjective symptomatology of scarce importance
      and, at most they advise a few general precautionary measures in the selection of
      patients. The separate study of the effects of individual forms of energy which
      act in nuclear magnetic resonance has, however, shown the utility of extending
      research of tests in wider physiopathological fields and deepening studies of
      molecular biology, even though results to date appear reassuring.

PMID- 6828790
TI  - [A rapid NSD/rad conversion method for dose, time fractionation factors. Graphic
      representation].

PMID- 6828791
TI  - [A new material for the immobilization of the patient during radiation therapy].

PMID- 6828792
TI  - [Congenital choanal atresia: presentation of a case].

PMID- 6828793
TI  - [Isolated atlantoid tuberculum].

PMID- 6828794
TI  - [Computerized tomography and echography in a case of portal hypertension].

PMID- 6828795
TI  - [Barium peritonitis: experimental study using barium sulfate and radioactive
      barium].
AB  - Barium peritonites are known to be a serious complication of barium enema
      examinations, being accompanied by a high mortality rate. The authors made their
      study injecting barium and radioactive 133Ba in the peritoneum of 68 rats without
      causing damages to the colon, in order to verify the toxicity of barium if
      injected in the peritoneum, and to evaluate the various extraperitoneal
      locations. Moreover, they compared the alterations caused by this agent with
      those consequent to a similar agent, such as talcum. The results show that barium
      is not toxic on its own: it gives in fact origin to granulomas similar to those
      caused by talcum; a particular tropism for the lymphatic tissues is present as
      well.

PMID- 6828796
TI  - Comparison of biodegradation rates in laboratory screening studies with rates in
      natural waters.

PMID- 6828797
TI  - Regional behavior of pesticide residues in the United States.

PMID- 6828798
TI  - Chemical exposure monitoring.

PMID- 6828799
TI  - What constitutes on adequate model for predicting the behavior of pesticides in
      the environment?

PMID- 6828800
TI  - EPA guidelines on environmental fate.

PMID- 6828802
TI  - Analysis of dose-response curves in the detection of bronchial hyperreactivity.
AB  - In 12 reference subjects and 23 asthmatic patients under clinical and functional
      remission, dose-response curves following inhalation of nebulized carbachol
      solution were performed. Response was assessed both in terms of SRaw and SGaw and
      the best fitting mathematical function (linear, exponential, polynomial and
      logarithmic) was looked for. Discriminating power and day-to-day reproducibility
      were better when using SGaw, independently from the fitted model. For the sake of
      simplicity, therefore, the linear or exponential treatment of indices seem
      preferable.

PMID- 6828801
TI  - Functional classification of chronic airflow limitation based on flow-volume and
      single-breath nitrogen washout criteria.
AB  - A simple means of functional classification of the individual patient has been
      devised. The performance of a forced flow-volume manoeuvre in concert with a
      single-breath nitrogen washout procedure in 54 comprehensively investigated
      patients with chronic airflow limitation yielded two parameters which could be
      employed in classification. A normalized alveolar nitrogen slope (FEV1/FVC X
      delta N2%) greater than 4.0% per litre clearly delineated emphysema. The peak
      flow ratio (PEFR/PIFR%) categorized other subgroupings: a value in excess of 100%
      strongly suggests primary bronchial disease, while a lower value almost certainly
      indicates a mixed functional disorder.

PMID- 6828803
TI  - Beta-blockade in the hyperventilation syndrome. A retrospective assessment of
      symptoms and complaints.
AB  - The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on ventilatory parameters and on
      subjective complaints was studied in 73 patients suffering from hyperventilation
      syndrome. The beta-blockade made the PA,CO2 increase as much as tranquillizer
      therapy. No effect of any kind of therapy was found on the subjective complaints.
      A remarkable dissociation was found between the measured ventilatory parameters
      and the quantified subjective complaints. It is concluded that beta-blockade is
      an effective therapy for the basic problem of hypocapnia in the hyperventilation
      syndrome; in this respect it is to be preferred over other therapies such as
      tranquillizers.

PMID- 6828806
TI  - [Study of the pulmonary function of arc welders. Results of a study in an
      industrial vehicle production plant].
AB  - Pulmonary examinations (i.e. clinical, functional and radiological) were
      conducted on 76 arc welders from an industrial vehicle production plant and on 74
      'controls' from the same plant. Arc welders were exposed for an average of 11
      years to welding gases and fumes; controls were not welders and were not exposed
      to any identifiable professional risk of pulmonary disease. There is no
      significant difference between these two groups concerning clinical, functional
      and radiological findings; but the prevalence of pulmonary abnormalities
      (whatever their type or their intensity) is high in the two groups (60%). This
      survey does not show any particular risk of pulmonary disease among the arc
      welders working in this plant. However, complementary studies in other industrial
      areas are required to investigate possible risks due to other arc-welding
      processes and other working conditions.

PMID- 6828804
TI  - Effect of helium on the ventilatory response to hypoxia under normocapnic and
      hypercapnic conditions.
AB  - We studied the effect of helium (He) on ventilatory (VI) responses to progressive
      isocapnic hypoxia. Accordingly, in normal male subjects (age 23-46), we compared
      hypoxic rebreathes using He as a carrier gas with those utilizing nitrogen (N2)
      as a carrier gas. When alveolar CO2 tension (PACO2) was maintained at 40 mm Hg,
      we noted no difference in VI responses to hypoxia between N2 and He trials. In
      contrast, when PACO2 was maintained at 50 mm Hg, VI responses to hypoxia during
      the He trials were consistently greater than those noted during the N2
      experiments. These results indicate that substitution of He for N2 does not
      augment VI responses to normocapnic hypoxia; however, this substitution does
      enhance VI responses to hypercapnic hypoxia.

PMID- 6828805
TI  - Abnormal responses of wasted ventilation fraction (VD/VT) during exercise in
      patients with pulmonary vascular abnormalities.
AB  - The finding of a rise in VD/VT or failure of VD/VT to fall during exercise has
      been proposed as a useful noninvasive indicator of pulmonary vaso-occlusive
      disease in patients with unexplained dyspnea. However, we previously reported a
      normal fall in VD/VT during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension at
      rest and/or during exercise due to collagen vascular disease. To investigate
      further the relationship between pulmonary vascular abnormalities and VD/VT
      responses to exercise, we studied 4 subjects with severe hypoxemia due to
      cirrhosis or diffuse telangiectasia. We found an abnormal VD/VT response to
      exercise in these subjects despite normal pulmonary hemodynamics which
      effectively excluded hemodynamically significant pulmonary vascular obstruction.
      These findings provide further support for the lack of utility of the VD/VT
      measurement at rest and during exercise as a screening method for detecting
      pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease, since the VD/VT cannot only fall appropriately
      during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension but can also remain
      unchanged or rise during exercise in patients with normal pulmonary hemodynamics.

PMID- 6828808
TI  - Life-threatening theophylline intoxication in a hypothyroid patient.
AB  - In a hypothyroid patient who suffered also from chronic obstructive lung disease
      and mild congestive heart failure, treatment with 1 g/day theophylline
      administered orally, was followed by a life-threatening theophylline intoxication
      manifested by repeated epileptic fits and ventricular fibrillation, successfully
      reverted to sinus rhythm. The plasma theophylline was 34.7 micrograms/ml when the
      life-threatening arrhythmia occurred. Pharmacokinetic studies conducted during
      the hypothyroid state revealed a markedly prolonged theophylline plasma half-life
      of 29.5 h. 2 months later, after reestablishment of an euthyroid state,
      theophylline plasma half-life was shortened to normal, i.e. 5.7 h and the
      theophylline plasma level was 13.5 micrograms/ml, while the daily intake was 1 g.
      We conclude that hypothyroidism may predispose to theophylline intoxication,
      probably because of the decreased activity of the hepatic microsomal drug
      metabolizing enzymes, responsible for the degradation of theophylline.

PMID- 6828807
TI  - Frequency and spectrum of pulmonary diseases in patients with chronic renal
      failure associated with spinal cord injury.
AB  - We reviewed autopsy records from 20 patients with long-standing spinal cord
      injury and chronic renal failure. Only 1 patient had normal pulmonary findings at
      autopsy. Acute and chronic pulmonary diseases were found in 16/20 and 17/20
      patients, respectively. Pneumonia and fluid overload were the most common acute
      diseases. Interstitial and pleural fibrosis were the most common chronic
      diseases. However, a variety of illnesses including pulmonary amyloidosis,
      calcification, and arteriosclerosis were also found. Arterial blood gas studies
      indicated a high prevalence of hypoxemia. We concluded that significant pulmonary
      abnormalities are present in almost all spinal cord injury-chronic renal failure
      patients.

PMID- 6828809
TI  - Pseudomonas folliculitis: an outbreak and review.
AB  - In November 1980, an outbreak of folliculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      occurred in members of a health spa in Tennessee. The source of infection was
      traced to the health spa swimming pool, which had not been chlorinated for two
      days due to equipment malfunction. Thirty-seven (62%) of 60 members who used the
      swimming pool on these two days developed a papulopustular rash within eight
      hours to five days after swimming in the pool. The rash had a characteristic
      distribution, predominantly involving the buttocks, hips, and axillae. Other
      manifestations of infection included otitis externa (49%) and mastitis (11%). P.
      aeruginosa serogroup 0-11 was isolated from pustules of six people. A swab from
      the edge of the swimming pool also grew P. aeruginosa serogroup 0-11. With the
      rising popularity of home whirlpools and hot tubs, physicians may expect to
      encounter this disease with increasing frequency.

PMID- 6828810
TI  - Polymicrobial infections in osteomyelitis.

PMID- 6828811
TI  - The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of
      500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. I. Laboratory and
      epidemiologic observations.
AB  - Five hundred episodes of septicemia were reviewed, with emphasis on laboratory
      and epidemiologic findings. The isolation of facultative and anaerobic gram
      negative bacilli, fungi, and gram-positive cocci (except viridans streptococci
      and Staphylococcus epidermidis) almost always indicated true bacteremia, whereas
      the isolation of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive bacilli, including
      Clostridium species, often represented contamination. More than 99% of all
      episodes were detected when two samples of blood (a total of 30 ml) were
      cultured. The five most common isolates were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
      aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. The incidence of septicemia was highest among medical patients and
      lowest among obstetric-gynecologic patients. Two-thirds of all episodes were
      nosocomial; S. aureus, enterococci, facultative gram-negative bacilli, and fungi
      were especially common nosocomial pathogens. The microorganisms isolated varied
      with the hospital service; polymicrobial episodes were especially common among
      surgical patients and transplant recipients. The most common sources of
      bacteremia were the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts;
      however, the source was unknown in nearly one-third of episodes. Microorganisms
      causing septicemia in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients were not different;
      however, polymicrobial infections were more frequent in the presence of
      neutropenia. After antimicrobial susceptibility data became available, therapy
      was appropriate greater than 90% of the time.

PMID- 6828812
TI  - The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of
      500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. II. Clinical observations,
      with special reference to factors influencing prognosis.
AB  - Among 500 patients with bacteremia and fungemia, total mortality was 42%; about
      half of all deaths were attributable directly to infection. Mortality increased
      with age, but deaths unrelated to infection itself were responsible in part for
      this increase. Mortality was 2.6% among obstetric-gynecologic patients, 42% among
      medical patients, 49% among surgical patients, and 60% among transplant patients.
      The risk of death was especially high with enterococcal, facultative gram
      negative, fungal, polymicrobial, or hospital-acquired sepsis; in the presence of
      shock, leukopenia, absolute granulocytopenia, or defined predisposing conditions
      (neoplasia, cirrhosis, and combinations of factors such as surgery and renal
      failure); and with a primary infected focus in the respiratory tract, the skin, a
      surgical wound, an abscess, or an unknown site. Body temperature was inversely
      related to mortality. Survival was increased by the use of appropriate
      antibiotics and, where applicable, additional therapeutic maneuvers (e.g.,
      drainage). Multivariate analysis defined seven variables that independently
      influenced outcome: microorganism, blood pressure, body temperature, primary
      focus of infection, place of acquisition of infection, age, and predisposing
      factors. Although some adverse prognostic factors are not amenable to
      intervention, prevention of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and early reversal
      of hypotension may reduce the death rate from sepsis.

PMID- 6828814
TI  - [Lumbar intervertebral disk prolapse in computerized tomography].

PMID- 6828817
TI  - [Parathyroid gland cancer and hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - A patient with an endocrine-active carcinoma of the parathyroid gland was
      observed. The typical signs of hyperthyroidism could be seen in the skeletal
      system. Symptoms of bone and kidney diseases dominated the clinical picture. The
      symptomatology corresponded to a subchronic primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6828816
TI  - [Comments on medium-format technic].

PMID- 6828815
TI  - [Prolapse of the lumbar vertebral disk--correlation of CT and myelographic
      findings with surgical findings].
AB  - Side by side with myelography, computed tomography is growing in importance as
      far as the diagnosis of the lumbar compression syndrome is concerned. From May
      1980 to the end of April 1982, the authors employed at the Cologne University
      Clinic of Orthopaedics in 176 patients operated either for the first time or
      several times, myelography alone in 54 cases, and myelography combined with
      computed tomography in 98 cases, whereas computed tomography alone was used 24
      times, in each case for the purpose of preoperative diagnosis. An epicritical
      analysis of the two last-named groups of examinations, basing on the findings
      made as a result of the operation, showed that computed tomography was superior
      in respect of the accuracy in determining the level and affected side of the
      compression. Two CT examinations only could not be utilised for technical
      reasons. Nine false-positive or false-negative cases (plus two examinations which
      were useless for technical reasons) were seen among the 98 myelographies of the
      patient group in question. Besides the equivalent information given by computed
      tomography in respect of the level and side of the compression, CT supplies
      additional information regarding constriction of the vertebral canal, defined
      osseous stenoses, preference for a particular side and site of prolapsed disk
      tissue, and on the cause of the compression in case there is a considerable
      stoppage of contrast medium. Computed tomography is better suited than
      myelography in the immediate postoperative phase for follow-up examinations which
      are aimed at differentiating renewed prolapses, haemorrhages, or cicatrised
      changes. Provided there is enough capacity for examination, it seems possible
      that the noninvasive computed tomography will eventually replace invasive
      myelography as a routine examination method in case of relevant indications.

PMID- 6828818
TI  - [Inflammatory polyps in idiopathic inflammation of the colon].

PMID- 6828813
TI  - beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation: a review of its effectiveness for
      inactivation of viruses in blood derivatives.
AB  - The efficacy of combined beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation (betaPL/UV)
      for inactivation of hepatitis B virus in labile blood derivatives has been
      reviewed. The initial evaluations of these procedures were hampered by inadequate
      process control that resulted in excessive protein denaturation; furthermore,
      adequate evaluation of process efficacy for virus inactivation was prevented by
      the absence of titered hepatitis virus stocks, the lack of an animal model, and
      the failure to carry out controlled trials. Finally, it was not appreciated that
      the power of these procedures lay especially in their use in combination. These
      deficits have now been remedied. To permit quantitation of process efficacy, a
      regression analysis of the relation between virus dose and incubation period in
      chimpanzees has been carried out. This has provided a means of estimating virus
      titer and determining the accuracy of such estimates. The most recent data
      suggest that betaPL/UV can reduce the titer of hepatitis B virus about 10 million
      fold (10(-7)). The process efficacy for betaPL/UV followed by the special
      adsorption procedures used in preparation of a stabilized human serum containing
      most human serum proteins except for factor VIII, the factor IX complex,
      fibrinogen, and the lipoproteins was estimated as a 10(8)-fold reduction in virus
      titer. This degree of virus inactivation should be more than sufficient to
      sterilize the amounts of hepatitis B virus that could be expected in pooled human
      plasma that has been screened for hepatitis B surface antigen. Preliminary data
      also suggest that the betaPL/UV procedure effectively inactivates non-A, non-B
      hepatitis virus(es).

PMID- 6828819
TI  - [Development of connective stroma in the human epiphysis, specific cells and
      their relation to concretions].

PMID- 6828820
TI  - [The binding of fluorescein derivatives to proteins and the study of
      intracellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in lymphocytes].

PMID- 6828821
TI  - [The importance of a urologic examination for successful surgery of urinary
      stress incontinence in women].

PMID- 6828822
TI  - [Wolfe's risk groups and the incidence of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 6828823
TI  - [Entamoeba gingivalis in school children].

PMID- 6828824
TI  - Identification of allergens in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite body extract
      by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis with two different rabbit antibody pools.
AB  - An extract of purified Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite bodies was
      investigated by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), using sera from 29
      mite-allergic patients. Two CRIE series consisting of rabbit antibodies to (1)
      whole mite culture and to (2) purified mite bodies were run simultaneously,
      showing 27 and 29 precipitates, respectively. Cases of major discrepancy between
      the two series were ascribed to absence of antibody to allergenic components and
      to artefactual radiostaining due to inclusion of allergen in precipitates
      representing other antigens. Carefully performed controls were necessary to
      establish the reliability of CRIE. Specific response patterns in the studied set
      of sera were found to several of the represented antigens. Two major allergens
      appeared in both CRIE systems. Two intermediate and several minor allergens were
      further identified.

PMID- 6828825
TI  - Tumor--host interactions in vivo. II. Induction of NK-cell activity by
      intraperitoneal injection of murine sarcoma cells or tumor ascites fluid.

PMID- 6828827
TI  - Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. A controlled study.
AB  - The effects of a rehabilitation programme one year after myocardial infarction
      (MI) were investigated in 171 patients under 65 years of age. These patients were
      allocated at random to rehabilitation and control groups before discharge from
      hospital. The groups were comparable with regard to age, sex and clinical data.
      The programme included physical exercise, counselling of patients and relatives,
      and social measures over a 3-month period during the convalescent stage. One year
      after MI patients in the rehabilitation group showed lower systolic blood
      pressure at rest and lower diastolic pressure on submaximal exercise than
      controls. No differences were found with regard to mean work capacity, days off
      work, return to work, psychological status, and understanding of the illness. At
      12 months all patients were less physically and socially active than before MI,
      they were more dependent on their relatives than before, and they had poor
      understanding of their illness.

PMID- 6828826
TI  - Epidermal Langerhans cells as accessory cells in con A stimulation of T
      lymphocytes in the guinea-pig.
AB  - Stimulation of guinea-pig T cells by concanavalin A (Con A) requires Ia-antigen
      expressing accessory cells. Such functional accessory cells were identified among
      the normal epidermal cells and could be fractionated and enriched by
      centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients. Epidermal cells
      collecting at a density of 1.08 g/ml were the most effective in mediating Con A
      dependent T cell proliferation, induced the highest activity of T cell growth
      factors (TCGF) and were enriched fivefold for Ia antigen expressing cells. A
      monolayer immunosorbent technique yielded a 35-fold enrichment of Ia antigen
      expressing epidermal cells. This cell fraction induced high levels of TCGF in the
      culture supernatants. Since the only cells in the normal epidermis expressing Ia
      antigens are the Langerhans cells, we conclude that the Langerhans cells may act
      as accessory cells for Con A stimulation of T cells.

PMID- 6828828
TI  - Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on weight reduction in myocardial
      infarction patients.
AB  - The effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme, including diet therapy,
      was studied in overweight male myocardial infarction (MI) patients randomly
      assigned to a rehabilitation group (n = 69) and a control group (n = 64). The
      results show a mean weight decrease of 3.8 kg in the rehabilitation group and a
      mean weight increase of 1.1 kg in the control group (t = -5.78, p less than
      0.001). The proportion of patients reducing their weight more than 5 kg was 33%
      in the rehabilitation group and 5% in the control group (chi 2 = 15.6, p less
      than 0.001). Patient characteristics which significantly affected the weight
      change by univariate analysis were age, level of overweight, smoking habits,
      employment situation and social problems. Multivariate analyses yielded a two
      variable model with moderate explanatory power in the rehabilitation group. The
      model includes the variables Body Mass Index and cessation of smoking before MI.

PMID- 6828831
TI  - The etiology and conservative treatment of humeral epicondylitis.
AB  - The etiology of humeral epicondylitis and three different conservative methods of
      treatment were prospectively studied during two years in patients visiting a
      large occupational health center. Eighty-eight workers, 50 male and 38 female,
      out of 7600 suffered from humeral epicondylitis. The annual incidence was 59 per
      10 000 workers. The mean age was 43 years. The main cause (61.4%) of tennis elbow
      was over-exertion of the finger and wrist extensors in trained workers. Forty
      seven patients were treated with local corticosteroid and anesthetic injections
      (beta-methasone + lidocaine), 20 patients with methylprednisolone injections and
      21 patients with wrist immobilization in combination with indomethacin. The
      result of therapy was excellent or good in 82% of the cases after six months and
      in 90% after one year. No significant differences (p greater than 0.1) in results
      were observed between patients treated with different therapies. Two patients
      (2.3%) were operated on after conservative treatment had failed.

PMID- 6828829
TI  - Reduced blood flow in fibromyotic muscles during ultrasound therapy.
AB  - The muscle blood flow (MBF) in m. trapezius was studied in 7 subjects with
      fibromyotic pain syndrome before and during treatment with ultrasound (1
      Watt/cm2) and during placebo treatment, using the local 133Xe-washout technique.
      MBF in the fibromyotic muscles was significantly reduced during ultrasound
      treatment (p less than 0.05) compared to the blood flow before the treatment and
      during placebo treatment 1.57 +/- SEM 0.52 and 2.51 +/- SEM 0.43 ml/100 g/min,
      respectively. In 6 normal trapezius muscles the mean MBF was 2.30 +/- SEM 0.44
      ml/100 g/min before ultrasound treatment and 2.31 +/- SEM 0.41 ml/100 g/min
      during ultrasound therapy. MBF decreased in a lidocaine blocked fibromyotic
      muscle during ultrasound treatment while no effect on MBF was detectable during
      ultrasonic treatment a normal lidocaine pretreated muscle. It is concluded that
      ultrasound treatment decreases MBF in fibromyotic muscles and that this is
      paradoxical effect of ultrasound might be due to a direct effect on the vessels
      or a local release of vasoactive substances in the fibromyotic muscles.

PMID- 6828830
TI  - Strengthening of human quadriceps muscles by cutaneous electrical stimulation.
AB  - The effectiveness of cutaneous electrical stimulation as a muscle-strengthening
      technique was evaluated by comparison with an isometric regime. Sixteen normal
      healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either an electrical group or an
      isometric group. A pretest was given of maximum voluntary force in the quadriceps
      (extensor) muscles, measured with a cable tensiometer. Subjects then trained
      (isometrically or by electrical stimulation) four days per week for three weeks.
      Training by electrical stimulation was via a square-wave pulse (75 Hz and 0.1 ms)
      with the voltage determined by subject tolerance for ten, 10-sec induced
      contractions (with 50-sec rest intervals). Isometric training consisted of ten,
      10-sec maximal contractions (with 50-sec rest intervals) at each session.
      Feedback of the generated force was standardised for both groups. Post-training
      measures were then administered using the same protocol as the pretest. Both
      groups demonstrated a marked improvement in quadriceps strength of 22 +/- 5.3%
      for the electrical group and 25 +/- 6.9% increase for the isometric group (p less
      than 0.02). The change in strength was apparently not dependent on the magnitude
      of the stimulating voltage (5-10 V) nor on the tension induced. There was no
      significant difference in the strength gains achieved by the two regimes (p
      greater than 0.05). No pain, muscle lesions or other ill effects were observed
      with electrical stimulation. We conclude that cutaneous electrical stimulation is
      a viable strengthening technique. There are obvious practical applications of
      this technique to the rehabilitation of patients who are not able to maintain an
      effective voluntary contraction.

PMID- 6828832
TI  - [Thyroid and adrenal diagnosis in obesity are not worth while].

PMID- 6828833
TI  - [Cost of smoking to the national economy, a ballpark estimate].

PMID- 6828834
TI  - [Psychosocial effects of heart disease in adolescents and adults with tetralogy
      of Fallot].
AB  - The progress of heart surgery has brought about an important improvement in the
      prognosis of many congenital heart diseases. More and more attention is now being
      paid to the psychosocial effects of heart disease in patients who have undergone
      cardiac surgery. The results are presented of a study designed to assess the
      psychosocial situation of patients aged 18 years or more with tetralogy of
      Fallot. Variables assessed in the study include school, work, insurance,
      marriage, children, sport and physical activity, and emotional wellbeing.

PMID- 6828839
TI  - [Fibronectin: an important component of bronchoalveolar defense?].
AB  - Fibronectin, an important nonimmune opsonin, was found in the bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid (BAL) of 29 healthy volunteers using a sensitive radioimmunoassay.
      The mean FN content was 9.5 micrograms FN/mg albumin. The BAL FN was
      immunologically and functionally similar to plasma FN and showed opsonic activity
      which increased uptake of gelatin coated beads by human alveolar macrophages.
      Therefore, BAL contains a functionally intact FN which may serve as an opsonin
      for the clearance of particles and microorganisms in the terminal airways.

PMID- 6828835
TI  - [Effects of improved goiter prevention with iodized table salt on iodine
      metabolism in Switzerland].

PMID- 6828836
TI  - [The effect of smoking on mortality and life expectancy of the Swiss population].
AB  - The quantitative impact of smoking on mortality and longevity in Switzerland is
      investigated. The calculations are based on mortality ratios between smokers and
      nonsmokers reported in prospective epidemiologic studies, the prevalence of
      smoking in Switzerland, cause-specific mortality rates and the lifetable. The
      results imply that in 1976 roughly 3800 premature deaths were attributable to
      smoking, more than 90% involving males. Thus, smoking appears to be the leading
      preventable cause of death in Switzerland. The results of lifetable methods used
      to estimate the impact of smoking on longevity imply that smoking reduces male
      life expectancy by 12 to 16 months, and that eradication of smoking would
      increase life expectancy accordingly. Combining the above results suggests that,
      in 1976, between 52 000 and 54 000 life years were lost as a consequence of the
      smokers' premature mortality.

PMID- 6828840
TI  - [Does the manner of smoking affect chronic obstructive airway diseases and
      bronchial cancer?].
AB  - Duration of smoking career, number of cigarettes smoked and smoke inhalation
      pattern seem to have a bearing on the occurrence of tobacco-related lung
      diseases. The authors therefore determined the smoking pattern and especially the
      time relation between drawing on a cigarette and inhalation in smokers with and
      without tobacco-related lung diseases. Based on clinical and radiological
      findings as well as pulmonary function tests, 91 smokers (without lung disease,
      with small airway disease, with simple chronic bronchitis, with obstructive
      bronchitis, with bronchitis and predominantly emphysema and with lung cancer)
      were examined. Smoking and breathing pattern were recorded using a smoke flow
      machine and a strain-gauge belt while smoking a cigarette. The blood level of
      COHb was determined before and after smoking. Of the smoking characteristics peak
      pressure, peak flow, time from drawing to inhalation and COHb difference varied
      significantly among the different groups. Drawing-to-inhalation time was lowest
      in smokers with chronic bronchitis and predominantly emphysema, which differed
      significantly from the other groups. This characteristic may be the consequence
      or the cause of emphysema. Regarding the latter, smokers with emphysema may
      perhaps lack the acute airway response to smoke inhalation and thus be able to
      inhale the cigarette smoke directly.

PMID- 6828838
TI  - [Atypical mycobacteria (MOTT): incidence and significance].
AB  - Statistics on the number, species and diagnosis of mycobacteria isolated from
      human specimens in 1981 at the Institute of medical microbiology of the
      University of Zurich are presented. 83% of the strains obtained from patients
      were classifiable as typical mycobacteria whereas 17% proved to be MOTT
      (mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli). The clinical significance of the
      isolated species was assessed according to the criteria of Yamamoto et al. (Amer.
      Rev. resp. Dis. 96, 773-778 [1967]) and Wolinsky (Amer. Rev. resp. Dis. 119, 107
      159 [1979]). Only in one out of 40 patients from whom MOTT (M. avium) was
      isolated could a causal connection be assumed between the isolate and the
      patient's disease. All microscopic determinations of specimens containing MOTT
      yielded negative results except that described above (in which 3 smears out of 6
      were positive). Several Swiss laboratories have recently reported a significant
      increase in MOTT isolates.

PMID- 6828837
TI  - [Systemic mycoses in hematologic neoplasms].
AB  - Between July 1973 and June 1981 systemic fungal infections were found in 27 of
      270 autopsies of patients with hematologic malignancies: in 16 aspergillosis, in
      6 candidiasis, in one aspergillosis and candidiasis, and in 4 mucormycosis. The
      frequency increased from 6% during the first 6 years to 25% during the last 2
      years (p = 0.025). Fever despite antibiotics and new pulmonary infiltrates were
      the major symptoms. In only 6 of 16 patients did microbiological findings support
      the clinically suspected diagnosis. Systemic fungal infections were the principal
      cause of death in 12 patients. Because of the difficulty of establishing the
      diagnosis, empiric antimycotic therapy should be started promptly on clinical
      suspicion in patients with neutropenia and fever despite antibiotics.

PMID- 6828841
TI  - [The value of mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph
      node enlargement].
AB  - Of 116 mediastinoscopies performed over a period of 5 years without serious
      complications, 36 were for diagnosis of obvious or suspected mediastinal and
      hilar lymphadenopathy. In 34 of these 36 procedures large samples of paratracheal
      lymph nodes were excised for histological and partially also for bacteriological
      examination. In 24 patients a definite diagnosis was obtained (mediastinoscopy
      positive). There were 17 cases of sarcoidosis among them. The investigation was
      negative in 10 other patients. In 6 of these the negative result was fully
      explained by the final diagnosis (true negative mediastinoscopy). Only in 4 of
      the 34 patients a different disease affecting the lymph system was discovered by
      further investigations (false negative). All four patients had neoplastic
      disease. In accordance with the results of other investigators, the author's
      findings show that suspicion of sarcoidosis can be confirmed mediastinoscopically
      in almost 100% of cases. However, mediastinoscopy was not equally successful in
      diagnosing Hodgkin's disease and malignant lymphoma. The paratracheal lymph nodes
      were affected only in approximately half of these patients, although other
      intrathoracic lymph nodes, e.g. the anterior and/or posterior nodes, were shown
      to be involved. In these cases diagnosis can be obtained only by thoracotomy
      and/or staging laparotomy.

PMID- 6828843
TI  - [Problems of tuberculosis in the world today].
AB  - A century after Robert Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus the world total
      of tuberculosis sufferers is estimated at 20 million, 10 million of whom are
      contagious. Contrary to a widespread opinion, tuberculosis has not regressed over
      the last 30 years because it chiefly affects the Third World, in which countries
      the population doubles every 20 or 25 years while economic resources remain
      static for the majority of the population. Tuberculosis will be a serious problem
      of world health in the year 2000. These facts should stimulate physicians to
      exploit the technical possibilities to the full, with stress upon detection and
      chemotherapy of tuberculosis. A health program will need to be established for
      these nations which will make it possible to identify and treat the maximum
      number of sources of infection. All the investigations and efforts at
      international cooperation in the field of tuberculosis should be directed towards
      improving or intensifying national antituberculosis programs.

PMID- 6828842
TI  - [Acetazolamide in hypercapnic chronic obstructive lung disease--a renaissance?].
AB  - The use of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. A substantial improvement in
      blood gas values has been documented, with correction of metabolic alkalosis in
      COPD, in hypoxemic sleep apnea at high altitudes and in acute mountain sickness.
      This randomized, double-blind study examined the short and long term effects of
      acetazolamide (2 X 250 mg) on 14 patients with hypoxemia, hypercapnia and
      metabolic alkalosis (paO2 49 +/- 5.2 mm Hg, paCO2 50 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, base excess +
      5.7 +/- 2.3). A crossover between acetazolamide and placebo occurred on days 3, 6
      and 9. On day 12 the patients were again randomized and one group further treated
      with acetazolamide for 4 1/2 (1-7) months. During the short term phase, a
      significant rise in paO2 to 58 +/- 6.6 mm Hg with acetazolamide was noted,
      followed by a drop to 53 +/- 5.7 mm Hg with placebo. The paO2 of the five
      patients on long-term acetazolamide therapy remained unchanged (59 +/- 2.5 mm Hg)
      while the untreated patients showed a significant drop in paO2 to 46 +/- 8.2 mm
      Hg. No side effects and no severe metabolic acidosis were noted during acute or
      long term treatment. Acetazolamide appears to improve hypoxemic and hypercapnic
      COPD patients with metabolic alkalosis on short and long term therapy.

PMID- 6828844
TI  - [Chemotherapy of tuberculosis--compliance, side effects and incidence of
      recurrence].
AB  - In the years 1977-1980 290 patients were treated for pulmonary tuberculosis with
      standardized therapy: for the first five months isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB)
      and rifampicin; INH and EMB were then continued for a total of up to 9-18 months
      (average 15 months). The patients' own physicians accepted the recommended
      duration of therapy in 85% of cases. During hospitalization, 96% of tests for INH
      in the urine were positive. Side effects, primarily consisting of elevated
      transaminases, were observed in 48% of the patients. 21-63 months after the
      beginning of therapy, reexamination of 220 of the patients showed 2 failures and
      5 relapses. The relapses can be attributed to poor patient compliance (3
      patients), a slow healing process with negative cultures only after 2 or more
      months of therapy (3 patients) and/or too short duration of therapy: 3 of the 7
      patients treated for less than 9 months suffered relapses. Before administering
      short term therapy of 9 months or less in Switzerland it is necessary to take
      into consideration the age distribution, history and stage of the disease in the
      patients and our system of health care by family physicians.

PMID- 6828845
TI  - [Priorities among antitubercular measures: epidemiologic arguments].
AB  - A patient with positive smear tuberculosis infects approximately 50% of his
      domestic contacts; post-primary morbidity may reach 10% of the cases infected
      under the age of 24 years. Infection rate among professional and social contacts
      is low and the morbidity much lower. Smear-positive tuberculous patients develop
      the disease in a few months, therefore indiscriminate case finding is not
      effective in disclosing patients before they are infectious. Smear-negative,
      culture-positive patients do not play a role as far as epidemiology is concerned.
      Prognostic significance of tuberculin conversion depends upon the duration and
      closeness of the contact with the infectious patient, and chemoprophylaxis of
      infected contacts reduces post-primary morbidity. Chemotherapy of smear-positive
      patients suppresses infectiousness in a few weeks, where it lasted for several
      months previously. Therefore hospitalization of treated patients does not afford
      additional protection to contacts, and disinfection is superfluous. In a country
      where tuberculosis prevalence is low, the influence of BCG vaccination in
      decreasing morbidity can hardly be demonstrated. The three main antituberculous
      measures remain case-finding of smear-positive patients, identification of
      infected domestic contacts, and their treatment.

PMID- 6828846
TI  - [Still's disease in adults. 2 case reports].
AB  - Two patients with adult Still's disease are presented. Both had high "septic"
      fever, weight loss, mild pharyngitis, evanescent maculo-papular rash, myalgias,
      arthralgias, splenomegaly and pericarditis, while one of the two patients also
      had lymphadenopathy and pleurisy. Arthritis, which is a sine qua non for the
      diagnosis, developed only 5 months after disease onset in one patient. Both
      ultimately developed severe destructive joint disease requiring hip arthroplasty.
      Laboratory findings were neutrophilic leukocytosis, normochromic normocytic
      anemia, elevated ESR, slightly elevated liver enzyme values, negative IgM
      rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies, and normal or slightly elevated
      complement factors. Several biopsies failed to reveal pathognomonic findings. It
      is of the utmost importance that the exclusion diagnosis of adult Still's disease
      be posed in order to avoid repeated hospitalizations with undue investigations
      and unnecessary therapeutic trials with antibiotics.

PMID- 6828847
TI  - [Therapy of primary pulmonary hypertension with phentolamine].
AB  - The effect of phentolamine was studied in 5 patients with pulmonary hypertension,
      of whom 3 had primary pulmonary hypertension and 2 had secondary pulmonary
      hypertension after pulmonary embolism. They received intravenous phentolamine in
      doses of 0.5 mg/min to 2 mg/min (i.e. up to a total dose of 27.5 mg in 25
      minutes) during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Under phentolamine infusion
      only 2 of the 3 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension showed a significant
      rise in cardiac index, from 1.4 to 2.0 and from 1.8 to 2.2 l/min/m2 respectively,
      a fall in pulmonary artery mean pressure from 100 to 93 and from 42 to 33 mm Hg
      respectively, and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance from 2950 to 1900
      and from 1160 to 725 dyn X sec X cm-5 respectively. In 1 patient with primary,
      and 2 patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension, infusion of phentolamine
      had no effect. Interestingly, in the two patients with primary pulmonary
      hypertension who responded well to phentolamine the condition was very severe. It
      appears that even in cases with very advanced primary pulmonary hypertension
      there is a vasospastic component which can be influenced by vasodilators.

PMID- 6828848
TI  - [Phenylhydrargyrum boricum in glycerin (Glycero-Merfen) in young children:
      undesirable mercury resorption in mouth mucosa even when free of lesions].
AB  - The formulation of phenylhydrargyrum boricum in glycerine (Glycero-Merfen) being
      frequently used in infants and young children, attention is drawn to the
      potentially symptomatic mercury absorption associated with its topical
      administration in that age group. This finding applies to both inflamed and
      normal oral mucosa. The use of this drug formulation in pediatric patients should
      be avoided.

PMID- 6828850
TI  - Information technology.
AB  - The AAAS Annual Meeting will be held in Detroit on 26-31 May 1983. The inclusive
      dates were given incorrectly as 21-31 May in the heading of the Preliminary
      Program (25 Feb., p. 948). The large body of water shown to the south of Detroit
      on the cover of the issue of 25 February is Lake Erie. The cover legend stated
      incorrectly that it was Lake Huron.

PMID- 6828849
TI  - Understanding cancer.

PMID- 6828851
TI  - Exposure to ethylene oxide at work increases sister chromatid exchanges in human
      peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange rates increased significantly in the peripheral
      lymphocytes of a small group of hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide for as
      little as 3.6 minutes per day regularly over a period of months. Results based on
      breathing zone exposure and task frequency estimates over a 6-month period for 14
      workers suggest that sister chromatid exchanges are a sensitive indicator of
      exposure and that cumulative dose and dose rate are important predictors of
      sister chromatid exchange response.

PMID- 6828853
TI  - Neuromuscular patterns and the origin of trophic specialization in fishes.
AB  - The pattern of muscle electrical activity in the pharyngeal muscles of the
      mollusc-eating sunfish Lepomis microlophus is highly specialized in comparison
      with the pattern displayed by most other members of the sunfish family and does
      not change when different prey are eaten. The closest genealogical relative of
      this species has the specialized muscle activity pattern for crushing prey when
      it feeds on snails but uses the primitive sequence of muscle activity during
      swallowing of other prey. The ability of species that crush snails to use
      molluscan prey effectively is due primarily to the evolutionary transformation of
      the neuromuscular program controlling the trophic apparatus.

PMID- 6828852
TI  - In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance reveals lowered ATP during heat
      shock of Tetrahymena.
AB  - Cells synthesize a characteristic set of proteins--heat shock proteins--in
      response to a rapid temperature jump or certain other stress treatments. The
      technique of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to
      examine in vivo the effects of temperature jump on two species of Tetrahymena
      that initiate the heat shock response at different temperatures. An immediate 50
      percent decrease in cellular adenosine triphosphate was observed when either
      species was jumped to a temperature that strongly induces synthesis of heat shock
      proteins. This new adenosine triphosphate concentration was maintained at the
      heat shock temperature.

PMID- 6828854
TI  - Byssinosis research.

PMID- 6828855
TI  - Electrophoresis: mathematical modeling and computer simulation.
AB  - A mathematical model of electrophoretic separation processes has been developed
      and adapted for computer simulations. The model is used to predict the
      characteristic behavior of a variety of electrophoretic techniques from a
      knowledge of chemical equilibria and physical transport phenomena. The model
      provides a unifying basis for a rational classification of all electrophoretic
      processes.

PMID- 6828856
TI  - A one-stop shop for gene-splicing patents. Stanford and University of California
      officials propose a novel way to license patents to biotechnology companies.

PMID- 6828857
TI  - NAS study highlights chemical mutagens. Heritable genetic defects caused by
      exposure to chemicals might be a big medical problem. A premarketing screen for
      such chemicals is proposed.

PMID- 6828858
TI  - Myoglobin gene is a big surprise. The first analysis of a myoglobin gene reveals
      some striking similarities and some unexpected differences from hemoglobin genes.

PMID- 6828859
TI  - Role of surface-active phospholipids in gastric cytoprotection.
AB  - Intragastric administration of a liposomal surfactant suspension markedly reduced
      acid-induced gastric ulcerogenesis and bleeding in rats. The concentration of
      surface-active molecules intrinsically present in the gastric mucosa was
      increased two to six times by administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2.
      Thus, local accumulation of surface-active phospholipids may be an integral
      component of the cytoprotective mechanism activated by prostaglandin treatment.

PMID- 6828860
TI  - Fourier transform infrared difference spectra of intermediates in rhodopsin
      bleaching.
AB  - The membrane protein rhodopsin is the primary light receptor in vision. Fourier
      transform infrared difference spectroscopy is sensitive to conformational changes
      in both the protein and the retinylidene chromophore of rhodopsin. By blocking
      rhodopsin bleaching at specific intermediates, it is possible to elucidate some
      of the primary molecular events of vision.

PMID- 6828861
TI  - Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and
      chromosomal damage.
AB  - Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater
      percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors
      were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors.
      Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal
      damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or
      young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of
      cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by
      phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures
      from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by
      phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired
      proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the
      radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.

PMID- 6828862
TI  - Methoxyindoles and photoreceptor metabolism: activation of rod shedding.
AB  - Using an in vitro eye-cup preparation, we have evaluated a potential relationship
      between methoxyindole metabolism and photoreceptor disk shedding. Melatonin, 6
      chloromelatonin, and 5-methoxytryptophol all activate rod disk shedding in
      culture. The effect is compound specific since serotonin and N-acetylserotonin
      are without effect, and it is similar to shedding in vivo because it is evoked by
      light and is quantitatively comparable to a normal intact animal response. The
      results suggest the involvement of 5-methoxyindoles in the control of rhythmic
      photoreceptor metabolism.

PMID- 6828863
TI  - Collagen formation by the hepatocyte in primary monolayer culture and in vivo.
AB  - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to confirm biochemical evidence that
      parenchymal cells isolated from adult rat liver and maintained in nonreplicating
      monolayer culture for 2 days synthesized type IV basement membrane collagen. On
      continued incubation in serum-free medium, the hepatocytes also synthesized the
      interstitial collagens, types I and III. Consistent with these results in
      culture, type IV collagen was localized to the hepatocytes in slices of
      pathologic rat liver. Hence collagen formation is a previously unrecognized
      function of the hepatocyte that may be important in the pathogenesis of liver
      fibrosis or cirrhosis.

PMID- 6828865
TI  - Infant intermodal speech perception is a left-hemisphere function.
AB  - Prelinguistic infants recognized structural correspondences in acoustic and optic
      properties of synchronized, naturally spoken disyllables, but did so only when
      they were looking to their right sides. This result suggests that intermodal
      speech perception is facilitated by rightward orientation of attention and
      subserved by the left hemisphere.

PMID- 6828864
TI  - Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage
      analysis.
AB  - Linkage analysis in families with apparent autosomal dominant reading disability
      produced a lod score of 3.241. Since the traditionally accepted significance
      level for linkage is a lod score of 3.0, these results strongly suggest that a
      gene playing a major etiologic role in one form of reading disability is on
      chromosome 15.

PMID- 6828867
TI  - AMA's technology assessment.

PMID- 6828866
TI  - Local differences in the amount of early cell death in neocortex predict adult
      local specializations.
AB  - The amount of early cell loss in five neocortical areas was inversely related to
      adult numbers of neurons in those areas. Differential cell death predicted
      particularly the thickness of the upper cortical laminae; it was not related to
      neuron numbers in the lower laminae. Cell loss thus determines some features of
      local neocortical differentiation.

PMID- 6828868
TI  - Residential radiological standards.

PMID- 6828869
TI  - A new chairman for Senate science panel.

PMID- 6828870
TI  - Tension transients in single isolated smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Tension transients were recorded in a single smooth muscle cell. The transient
      contains a linear elastic response and a biphasic recovery that appear to
      originate from the cross-bridges. A comparison of transients in smooth and fast
      skeletal muscle fibers suggests that the cross-bridge in smooth muscle is more
      compliant than the cross-bridge in striated muscle and that transitions between
      several cross-bridge states occur more slowly in smooth muscle than in striated
      muscle.

PMID- 6828871
TI  - Overproduction and elimination of retinal axons in the fetal rhesus monkey.
AB  - Quantitative electron microscopic analysis reveals 2.85 million retinal axons in
      fetal rhesus monkeys--a number that is more than twice the 1.2 million present in
      the adult. More than 1 million supernumerary optic axons are eliminated before
      birth, simultaneously with the segregation of inputs from the two eyes into
      separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Selective elimination of optic
      axons may not only play a role in the segregation of binocular visual connections
      but, secondarily, may establish the ratio of crossed and uncrossed
      retinogeniculate projections.

PMID- 6828872
TI  - Cell growth on liquid microcarriers.
AB  - Anchorage-dependent cell growth is demonstrated on microcarriers of fluorocarbon
      fluid formed by emulsification and stabilized with polylysine.

PMID- 6828873
TI  - Proglumide: selective antagonism of excitatory effects of cholecystokinin in
      central nervous system.
AB  - Extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to test the ability of
      proglumide to block cholecystokinin-induced excitation of rat midbrain
      dopaminergic neurons and dopamine-sensitive prefrontal cortex cells. Intravenous
      and iontophoretic proglumide administration consistently blocked cholecystokinin
      induced excitations while having no effect on glutamic acid-induced increases in
      activity. This selective blockade of central cholecystokinin effects by
      proglumide suggests that this drug may be valuable for studying the possible role
      of cholecystokinin as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 6828875
TI  - Mechanical measurement of red cell membrane thickness.
AB  - The thickness of intact human red cell membrane is measured by a light-microscope
      technique in which membrane material with a known surface area is extracted into
      a long, thin cylindrical strand. The radius of the strand is calculated from its
      known length and surface area. The minimum radius, obtained at high extraction
      velocities or large membrane tensions, is 55 angstroms. A collapsed membrane
      cylinder with a mean-mass radius of 55 angstroms would have a membrane thickness
      of 78 angstroms.

PMID- 6828874
TI  - Midbrain microinfusions of prolactin increase the estrogen-dependent behavior,
      lordosis.
AB  - Microinfusions of rat prolactin into the dorsal midbrain of estrogen-treated,
      ovariectomized rats increased lordosis behavior. Midbrain microinfusions of
      antiserum to prolactin into rats displaying maximum lordosis had the opposite
      effect. The distribution of a prolactin-like substance in the brain was studied
      immunocytochemically. The results suggest that a hypothalamic neuronal system
      projecting to the midbrain contains a prolactin-like substance that plays a role
      in facilitating this behavior and therefore may mediate some of the effects of
      estrogen on the brain. These data, together with others from studies of the
      prolactin gene and its regulation, indicate that it may be possible to analyze a
      sequence of molecular events in the brain that facilitate a behavioral response.

PMID- 6828876
TI  - Radiation exposures in Utah from Nevada Nuclear Tests.
AB  - The exposure of the population of Utah to external gamma-radiation from the
      fallout from nuclear weapons tests carried out between 1951 and 1958 at the
      Nevada Test Site has been reconstructed from recent measurements of residual
      cesium-137 and plutonium in soil. Although the highest exposures were found in
      the extreme southwest part of Utah, as expected, the residents of the populous
      northern valleys around Provo, Salt Lake City, and Ogden received a higher mean
      dose and a significantly greater population dose (person-rads) than did the
      residents of most counties closer to the test site. However, population doses
      from external exposure throughout Utah were far too low to result in any
      statistically observable health effects.

PMID- 6828877
TI  - Retrieval of information from long-term memory.
AB  - Information is represented in long-term memory as a network of associations among
      concepts. Information is retrieved by spreading activation from concepts in
      working memory through the network structure. The time required to retrieve
      information is a function of the level of activation that it achieves. Fanning of
      multiple paths from a node dissipates the activation the node sends down any path
      and increases retrieval time. Fan effects are reduced as subjects overlearn the
      material or when they can change their task from a recognition judgment to a
      consistency judgment.

PMID- 6828878
TI  - Coping with fraud: the Darsee Case.

PMID- 6828879
TI  - Revisions in cancer policy.

PMID- 6828880
TI  - Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous
      chromosome breakage.
AB  - The tissue culture condition that is required for the type of chromosome breakage
      seen at most fragile sites, namely, the absence of folic acid and thymidine in
      the medium, greatly enhanced micronucleus formation in proliferating lymphocyte
      cultures from normal individuals. This suggests that chromosome breakage at
      fragile sites and the apparently spontaneous damage that gives rise to
      micronuclei are controlled by the same mechanism.

PMID- 6828881
TI  - Myoglobin diffusion in bovine heart muscle.
AB  - The rotational mobility of myoglobin in situ was determined by proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance line width measurements of a characteristic myoglobin
      resonance observed in bovine heart muscle spectra. The protein diffuses
      intracellularly at nearly half the rate observed in dilute solution. This high
      mobility allows the oxygenated form of myoglobin to contribute significantly to
      the overall diffusive flux of oxygen in respiring heart muscle.

PMID- 6828882
TI  - Trypsin inhibition by tapeworms: antienzyme secretion or pH adjustment?
AB  - The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta releases proteins that inhibit trypsin
      activity. These proteins may be either antienzymes or nonspecific macromolecules
      that interfere with trypsin. Saline solutions with initial pH values ranging from
      5.5 to 10.0 were all acidified to pH 5.0 by tapeworms. If the initial pH was
      lower than 5.0, it was raised. Because trypsin activity is inhibited at pH 5.0,
      this intestinal parasite can protect itself from digestion by regulating its
      environmental pH or releasing trypsin inhibitors, or both.

PMID- 6828883
TI  - Mechanical action of the intercostal muscles on the ribs.
AB  - The external and internal interosseous intercostal muscles were separately
      stimulated at end-expiratory lung volume in anesthetized dogs. These muscles were
      all found to elevate the ribs into which they insert. By attaching weights to the
      ribs, it was determined that the nonlinear compliance of the ribs was responsible
      for this phenomenon.

PMID- 6828885
TI  - Morphological basis of long-term habituation and sensitization in Aplysia.
AB  - The morphological basis of the persistent synaptic plasticity that underlies long
      term habituation and sensitization of the gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia
      californica was explored by examining the fine structure of sensory neuron
      presynaptic terminals (the critical site of plasticity for the short-term forms
      of both types of learning) in control animals and in animals whose behavior had
      been modified by training. The number, size, and vesicle complement of sensory
      neuron active zones were larger in animals showing long-term sensitization than
      in control animals and smaller in animals showing long-term habituation. These
      changes are likely to represent an anatomical substrate for the memory
      consolidation of these tasks.

PMID- 6828884
TI  - Tumor promotion by phorbol esters in skin: evidence for a memory effect.
AB  - By means of a two-stage promotion protocol in mouse epidermis with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as first-stage promoter and 12-O-retinoylphorbol
      13-acetate as second-stage promoter, the effects of the former that are critical
      and obligatory for tumor promotion were shown to be irreversible in nature for at
      least 8 weeks. The reversibility of tumor promotion was related to the second
      stage of promotion, reflecting the reversibility of epidermal hyperplasia induced
      by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.

PMID- 6828886
TI  - Shadows of thought: shifting lateralization of human brain electrical patterns
      during brief visuomotor task.
AB  - Dynamic spatial patterns of correlation of electrical potentials recorded from
      the human brain were shown in diagrams generated by mathematical pattern
      recognition. The patterns for "move" and "no-move" variants of a brief
      visuospatial task were compared. In the interval spanning the P300 peak of the
      evoked potential, higher correlations of the right parietal electrode with
      occipital and central electrodes distinguished the no-move task from the move
      task. In the next interval, spanning the readiness potential in the move task,
      higher correlations of the left central electrode with occipital and frontal
      electrodes characterized the move task. These results conform to
      neuropsychological expectations of localized processing and their temporal
      sequence. The rapid change in the side and site of localized processes may
      account for conflicting reports of lateralization in studies which lacked
      adequate spatial and temporal resolution.

PMID- 6828887
TI  - Fluorides and dental caries.

PMID- 6828888
TI  - Regulation of the macrophage content of neoplasms by chemoattractants.
AB  - Factor chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes was found in supernatant fluids of
      cultured human and mouse tumor cells. In 11 mouse tumors there was a correlation
      observed between chemotactic activity and macrophage content of neoplastic
      tissues. Tumor-derived chemoattractants appear to participate in the regulation
      of tumor-associated macrophages.

PMID- 6828892
TI  - Diffusion barrier in the small intestine.

PMID- 6828893
TI  - Into the brier-patch.

PMID- 6828890
TI  - Formaldehyde damage to DNA and inhibition of DNA repair in human bronchial cells.
AB  - Cultured bronchial epithelial and fibroblastic cells from humans were used to
      study DNA damage and toxicity caused by formaldehyde. Formaldehyde caused the
      formation of cross-links between DNA and proteins, caused single-strand breaks in
      DNA, and inhibited the resealing of single-strand breaks produced by ionizing
      radiation. Formaldehyde also inhibited the unscheduled DNA synthesis that occurs
      after exposure of cells to ultraviolet irradiation or to benzo[a]pyrene
      diolexpoxide but at doses substantially higher than those required to inhibit the
      resealing of x-ray-induced single-strand breaks. Therefore, formaldehyde could
      exert its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects by both damaging DNA and inhibiting
      DNA repair.

PMID- 6828891
TI  - Dopamine modulation of the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on substantia nigra
      pars reticulata neurons.
AB  - Studies were conducted to assess whether basal ganglia output neurons originating
      in the substantia nigra pars reticulata might be affected by dopamine released
      from dendrites of neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. Dopamine
      applied by iontophoresis increased the baseline firing rates of approximately
      half of the substantia nigra pars reticulata cells tested. The more significant
      finding, unrelated to the increase in firing, was the ability of dopamine to
      attenuate the inhibitory responses of these cells to iontophoretically applied
      gamma-aminobutyric acid. These findings suggest a role for dopamine as a
      neuromodulator and further suggest that it can act at sites beyond the striatum
      to modify transmission from the basal ganglia to motor nuclei.

PMID- 6828889
TI  - Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo.
AB  - Tritiated acetylcholine was used to measure binding sites with characteristics of
      nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. Regulation of the binding sites in
      vivo was examined by administering two drugs that stimulate nicotinic receptors
      directly or indirectly. After 10 days of exposure to the cholinesterase inhibitor
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cerebral
      cortex was decreased. However, after repeated administration of nicotine for 10
      days, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cortex was increased. Saturation
      analysis of tritiated acetylcholine binding in the cortices of rats treated with
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate or nicotine indicated that the number of binding
      sites decreased and increased, respectively, while the affinity of the sites was
      unaltered.

PMID- 6828894
TI  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in North Louisiana: review of 15 cases.
AB  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) is being more frequently reported in the
      United States, and it appears to be an important disease of childhood. Fifteen
      infants and children with MLNS were treated at the Louisiana State University
      teaching hospitals in Shreveport and Monroe between August 1978 and January 1981.
      A cluster of nine of the cases (60%) occurred between February and May 1980. In
      this series the male to female ratio was 2:1, and 53% of the patients were
      between 11 and 15 months of age. In five of the patients, platelet counts and
      erythrocyte sedimentation rates were monitored for at least four weeks.

PMID- 6828895
TI  - Marine noncholera Vibrio infections in Florida.
AB  - In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported
      cases of clinical illness from noncholera (marine) vibrio infections, leading to
      a greater recognition of this potentially lethal disease. The wide spectrum of
      pathogenicity of this organism is reflected in the six cases in this report,
      varying from simple gastroenteritis to focal necrotizing cellulitis to fatal
      septicemia. We have reviewed the fundamental clinical differences between Vibrio
      vulnificus and other noncholera vibrio infections. Physicians treating patients
      with a history of exposure to coastal waters and/or seafood should be aware of
      the clinical features and the potential for significant morbidity and mortality
      of associated Vibrio vulnificus infections.

PMID- 6828896
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of echinococcal cy of the liver.

PMID- 6828897
TI  - Posttraumatic osteolysis of the clavicle.
AB  - Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle should be considered when
      continued pain follows trauma. The osteolysis and accompanying symptoms can be
      partially alleviated by immobilization of the shoulder joint. The pathology is
      poorly understood, but synovial hyperplasia appears to play an integral part in
      the resorptive process.

PMID- 6828898
TI  - Retinal reflex photometry as a screening device for amblyopia and preamblyopic
      states in children.
AB  - Aberration in the physical structure or alignment of the eyes may produce
      pathologic neurocompensatory changes in the brain that, if left unattended,
      become irreversible. Two common examples of this abnormal state are accommodative
      esotropia and amblyopia. Both have a large optic component in their etiology and
      in most cases are correctable by optic methods. Generated retinal reflex
      photometry is a screening method that can detect, in the eyes of children, optic
      defects that tend to be the antecedents of more serious neurocompensatory
      processes. Detection at an early age permits more effective management and
      treatment of amblyopia. This technique is fast, safe, and inexpensive and
      provides a permanent record. It requires no response from the subject except a
      modicum of cooperation. It is attractive as an ocular screening method because it
      does not require highly trained personnel to administer the examination, yet
      appears to be accurate. The results lend themselves to mechanized processing.

PMID- 6828900
TI  - Effect of written information on physicians' knowledge of drug prices.
AB  - Fifty-four residents in internal medicine and primary care medicine were surveyed
      before and after receiving a prescription drugs price guide booklet to determine
      whether providing written price information to the residents would improve their
      knowledge of drug costs. Results indicated that the pricing information did not
      improve the residents' knowledge of drug costs. It was also found that neither
      the residents' concern with the importance of drug cost nor their personal
      assessment of their knowledge of drug cost influenced their incorporation of drug
      price information into their professional data base.

PMID- 6828899
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis after seizures.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis after seizure activity has been anecdotally
      reported for many years, but it has not been well documented. We reviewed the
      records of all adult patients admitted to Grady Memorial Hospital from November
      1979 through October 1980 with the diagnosis of seizure. Of 102 patients whose
      CSF was examined, 35 (34%) had pleocytosis; in 31 (30%) there was no explanation
      for the pleocytosis despite laboratory and radiologic tests to rule out
      established causes. For those patients without an identifiable cause of
      pleocytosis the mean number of white cells was 72/cu mm with a median of 10 and a
      range from 3 to 464. A predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was
      found in 57% of the initial CSF examinations. Eighty-six percent of patients with
      seizures due to ethanol withdrawal had a PMN predominance in their CSF, and 88%
      of patients with seizures due to a recent or remote cerebrovascular accident had
      a mononuclear cell predominance. The pleocytosis was usually transient;
      normalization of the CSF was associated with the rapid recovery of the patient.
      We conclude that an abnormal CSF leukocyte count may be entirely attributable to
      seizure activity, although the mechanism is unknown. Before assigning this cause,
      however, a thorough search is imperative to rule out treatable disorders that may
      cause CSF pleocytosis.

PMID- 6828902
TI  - Comparison of various methods of diagnosis of renal cystic masses.
AB  - Two hundred fifty patients with renal cystic masses were evaluated by several
      diagnostic modalities, including sonography, angiography, cystography, and
      cytology. This presentation demonstrates the relative advantages of these methods
      as well as their relative level of confidence and diagnostic accuracy. When the
      lesion fulfilled all of the sonographic criteria for a cyst, no further
      diagnostic evaluation was warranted. If sonographic criteria were not met, cyst
      aspiration appeared to be the most definitive procedure.

PMID- 6828901
TI  - Effect of therapy on the neutropenia of hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Observations in a patient with recurrent hyperthyroidism, each time associated
      with neutropenia which resolved after therapy, prompted a chart review of other
      patients referred for radioactive iodine therapy. Of 99 untreated patients, 18
      had neutrophil counts of less than 2,000/cu mm. After therapy with either
      thionamides or 131I, 41 of 53 (77%) evaluable patients had an increase in
      neutrophil count. Eleven of these evaluable patients had neutropenia before
      therapy; after therapy, all 11 had an increase in their neutrophil counts into
      the normal range, with a mean increase of 170%. In one patient, studies on the
      mechanism of neutropenia indicate that bone marrow production and reserve remain
      normal and that circulating neutrophils are normally marginated. A decreased
      neutrophil circulation time may be the cause of neutropenia associated with
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 6828903
TI  - Psychologic effects of residency.
AB  - The intense situational and physiologic stresses that accompany postgraduate
      training may have serious psychosocial ramifications. Although only a small
      proportion of residents have overt psychiatric illness, virtually all display
      some psychologic impairment. Contributing factors include life-changes, stresses
      associated with providing patient care, loss of social support, long working
      hours, sleep deprivation, and underlying personality traits of residents. The
      manifestations of this impairment are variable and may be subtle. In response to
      these problems, residency programs have taken steps to provide psychosocial
      support. Unfortunately, most programs do not offer formal support groups or
      seminars to discuss difficulties that accompany residency. Further definition of
      the psychosocial effects of residency may prompt changes that make the training
      of physicians a more humane process.

PMID- 6828905
TI  - Communications in uterovaginal duplication.

PMID- 6828904
TI  - Sonographic findings in gastric leiomyosarcoma.
AB  - Ultrasonography in two cases of gastric leiomyosarcoma demonstrated predominantly
      solid masses with multiple echo-free cystic areas. Metastases to the liver showed
      similar sonographic findings. In both cases, ultrasonography was of value in
      assessing the extragastric extent of the lesion.

PMID- 6828906
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis associated with chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Chronic active hepatitis has been associated with renal abnormalities and immune
      mediated glomerulonephritis or vasculitis. We report a case of acute reversible
      renal failure due to renal interstitial infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma
      cells, and neutrophils. The acute renal failure responded to the administration
      of prednisone. It is possible that interstitial nephritis is commonly associated
      with acute and chronic hepatitis.

PMID- 6828908
TI  - Lactic acidosis in lung cancer.
AB  - Because the liver is the dominant site of lactate clearance and utilization,
      extensive liver metastases may predispose the patient to the development of
      lactic acidosis. We have described two patients with hepatic metastatic disease
      who had fatal lactic acidosis. Greater awareness and prompt treatment of this
      frequently fatal complication may improve survival of patients with potentially
      treatable advanced malignancies.

PMID- 6828907
TI  - Irradiation as the initial therapy for metastatic anaplastic dysgerminoma.

PMID- 6828909
TI  - Pneumocephaly from epidural anesthesia.
AB  - An elderly woman who had spinal epidural anesthesia thereafter had headache,
      anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dehydration, seizures, and cardiovascular
      collapse. CAT scan revealed air in the posterior fossa, probably caused by
      intradural injection of air during epidural anesthesia. We propose that this may
      be an occasional cause of headache or more substantial complications after
      epidural anesthesia, and suggest that CAT scanning may be helpful in identifying
      this complication.

PMID- 6828910
TI  - Neonatal sepsis and meningitis due to alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus.
AB  - We have reported a case of septicemia and meningitis due to alpha-hemolytic
      Streptococcus in a 5-day-old infant. The microbiologic and clinical
      characteristics of neonatal infection with this organism lead us to conclude that
      this bacterium can be pathogenic in the newborn and should not be dismissed as a
      contaminant.

PMID- 6828913
TI  - Fatal acute hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A 43-year-old man with parathyroid carcinoma died with hypercalcemia before a
      definitive diagnosis was made. The condition of patients with hypercalcemia may
      deteriorate rapidly, and delays in treatment may be fatal. Metastatic growth, not
      mitotic activity, is the best criterion for the pathologic diagnosis of
      parathyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 6828911
TI  - Abnormal left cardiac border due to an atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm.
AB  - A 57-year-old man had an aneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      that appeared as a bulge of the left cardiac border on plain chest
      roentgenograms. The aneurysm enlarged over a four-year period, and death resulted
      from myocardial infarction. The importance of recognizing this uncommon cause of
      an abnormal left cardiac border is stressed because further investigation by
      coronary angiography should be done before resection or bypass of the aneurysm.

PMID- 6828912
TI  - Multiple webs of the esophagus.

PMID- 6828914
TI  - Episodic leukopenia associated with amphotericin B.

PMID- 6828916
TI  - Primary actinomycotic empyema.
AB  - We have presented a rare case of massive primary actinomycotic empyema, which
      resolved after combined cefazolin therapy and continuous pleural drainage. Poor
      dental hygiene and heavy smoking are proposed as predisposing factors.

PMID- 6828915
TI  - Serum sickness associated with metronidazole.

PMID- 6828917
TI  - Low-dose-rate irradiation in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 6828920
TI  - Working hours of interns.

PMID- 6828919
TI  - Reversible leukoerythroblastic response in pregnancy.

PMID- 6828918
TI  - Clostridium septicum arthritis.
AB  - This case of anaerobic septic arthritis caused by Clostridium septicum is
      apparently the first reported. It emphasizes the need for obtaining anaerobic as
      well as aerobic cultures on all suspected cases of septic arthritis.

PMID- 6828922
TI  - [Evaluation of the volume of work of physicians in city polyclinics].

PMID- 6828921
TI  - Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions: reducing the incidence with leukocyte-poor
      red blood cells.

PMID- 6828924
TI  - [Complex assessment of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity].

PMID- 6828923
TI  - [Experience in increasing the efficiency of the roentgenological service in a
      large city hospital with a view to guaranteeing mass service to the population].

PMID- 6828925
TI  - [Use of economico-mathematical methods and computer technology in improving the
      management and planning of public health development].

PMID- 6828926
TI  - [Coordination of the use of first aid hospital and the ambulatory-polyclinic
      network].

PMID- 6828931
TI  - The asbestos hazard.

PMID- 6828928
TI  - [Modern forms and methods of organizing pharmaceutical information services].

PMID- 6828929
TI  - [Public health in Finland].

PMID- 6828930
TI  - [Methodological approaches to studying the time expenditures of emergency medical
      services].

PMID- 6828927
TI  - [Detection of arterial hypertension in polyclinic conditions].

PMID- 6828932
TI  - Indapamide and hypertension.

PMID- 6828934
TI  - Biochemical functions of magnesium.
AB  - Magnesium is required by many enzymes as a co-factor and may couple primarily
      with the enzyme or the substrate in different reactions. Free cytosolic magnesium
      affects cell energy, the action of various hormones on target cells, protein
      synthesis and cellular electrolyte content. Magnesium enters the cell by a
      process of facilitated diffusion requiring a transporter, and leaves it by an
      active process utilizing adenosine triphosphate.

PMID- 6828933
TI  - Antacids in the treatment of acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
AB  - Antacids were given to a group of 18 patients who had acute alcoholic
      pancreatitis and the results were compared with those in a similar group of 15
      patients who did not receive antacid therapy. There was no statistical difference
      in the course of the illness between the two groups as regards duration of
      abdominal pain, epigastric tenderness, hospital stay or time taken for the
      patient to resume a normal diet.

PMID- 6828935
TI  - The Black heart in southern Africa--a geographical view of the future.
AB  - The dearth of geographical analyses of heart conditions among the Blacks of
      southern Africa is contrasted with the well-defined patterns in several
      countries. By analogy with studies of cancer among Blacks it is argued that
      similar-order spatial variations of heart-related morbidity are likely to exist,
      and that knowledge of them is essential in planning services for a health problem
      of growing urgency.

PMID- 6828936
TI  - Beliefs and practices concerning measles in Gazankulu.
AB  - A survey was undertaken to isolate the social factors which might influence the
      coverage rate of the existing measles vaccination programme. Although
      vaccinations have been carried out for several years, no decrease in the measles
      admission rate has been observed at Elim Hospital in Gazankulu, Transvaal. It was
      found that measles is still a common disease and that it is considered essential
      for the normal development of a child. In the treatment of measles a variety of
      indigenous medications are used, some of which are potentially dangerous. Almost
      80% of mothers will visit a clinic if their children have measles, and 64%
      combine this with traditional therapy. The majority were in favour of a
      vaccination programme. The content of a health education programme must be
      carefully considered, in order to prevent adverse effects upon the population.

PMID- 6828937
TI  - Psychological effects of in-centre haemodialysis on the dialysand's adolescent
      children.
AB  - A perusal of the literature on the psychological aspects of haemodialysis reveals
      that the patient, his spouse and his children are affected. Most studies have
      dealt with patients on home dialysis. This study was designed to ascertain in
      psychological terms the effect that the in-centre 'dialysing parent' has on his
      adolescent children. The results indicate that the children of parents on
      hospital-based haemodialysis appeared to react to the parents' altered state of
      health. They were more self-sufficient and less well-adjusted as regarded home
      and social relations than were controls. The results are discussed in terms of
      the psychological management of the patient and his family.

PMID- 6828938
TI  - Sarcoid arthritis. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two patients with sarcoid arthritis are described. The first case is an example
      of early joint involvement, while the second demonstrates late joint disease in
      sarcoidosis. Both cases illustrate the perennial problem of differentiating
      tuberculosis from sarcoidosis in our clinical setting.

PMID- 6828941
TI  - The Shy-Drager syndrome.
AB  - The association of orthostatic hypotension with signs of progressive neuronal
      degeneration of the central nervous system particularly affecting the autonomic
      nervous system is known as the Shy-Drager syndrome. The pathological hallmark of
      the disease is cell loss in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord,
      which is responsible for the major element in the autonomic failure. There is
      also evidence that widespread involvement of the dopaminergic system may be
      responsible for the autonomic as well as the parkinsonian features encountered.

PMID- 6828939
TI  - The sleep apnoea syndrome in children--the role of tonsillectomy and
      adenoidectomy.
AB  - Seven children with the sleep apnoea syndrome are described with reference to
      symptoms, signs, diagnosis and management. All patients made a symptomatic
      recovery following adenotonsillectomy, although 2 required tracheostomy. This
      condition is underdiagnosed and greater clinical awareness is emphasized.

PMID- 6828942
TI  - Manganese intake and congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 6828940
TI  - Quadriplegia following venous air embolism during posterior fossa exploration. A
      case report.
AB  - A frequent complication of posterior fossa exploration with the patient in the
      sitting position is venous air embolism. Spinal cord deficits following such a
      mishap have rarely been reported. We report a case in which a patient who
      suffered venous air embolism developed quadriplegia from the C6 level. The
      mechanisms of passage of air into the arterial system are discussed.

PMID- 6828943
TI  - Tetracycline and amphotericin B vaginal cream for mixed vaginal infections.
AB  - A tetracycline and amphotericin B vaginal cream (Vagmycin; Squibb) was highly
      effective in mixed vaginal infections. More than 95% of patients had symptomatic
      relief while 85% showed bacterial and clinical response. There appeared to be
      little difference whether the cream was applied for 1 week or 2 weeks. A group of
      asymptomatic patients were evaluated to compare alterations in normal and
      pathological organisms as a result of treatment.

PMID- 6828944
TI  - Blood pressure readings in rural Black South African children--a pointer to
      future adult hypertension?
AB  - The blood pressures of 394 rural Black South African children were recorded and
      compared with existing records on the blood pressures of Black and White American
      children. It was found that the blood pressures of these rural Blacks were not
      significantly different from those of the American Negroes, but that they were
      higher than those of the White children. If blood pressure readings in the
      children of a population are a good predictor of future hypertension among the
      adults of that population, then the rural South African Black population will
      increasingly suffer from hypertensive disease.

PMID- 6828946
TI  - Continuous peritoneal dialysis in a developing population--problems seen at
      Baragwanath Hospital.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is being used with increasing
      frequency throughout the world as an alternative to long-term haemodialysis. The
      problems of 8 Black patients on CAPD are discussed, with special reference to
      their socioeconomic and home circumstances. CAPD has been successful in this
      group, suggesting that it may be used more extensively in developing populations.

PMID- 6828945
TI  - An interracial study of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in
      Natal.
AB  - This study analyses our experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD) over a period of 2 1/2 years. Twenty-six patients are continuing on CAPD.
      Of the 31 Whites, 19 Asians, 5 Coloureds and 3 Blacks who began treatment, 15
      Whites, 8 Asians, and 3 Coloureds but no Black patients are continuing treatment.
      Peritonitis was the most important limiting factor and occurred once in every
      28,5 weeks in Coloureds, once in 19,5 weeks in Whites, once every 16 weeks in
      Asiatics and once every 11 weeks in Blacks. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients
      had 70% of the episodes of peritonitis. Advantages of CAPD were personal freedom,
      control of blood pressure and fluid balance, and a greater latitude in acceptance
      of more patients into a chronic renal dialysis programme. The value of CAPD
      should be assessed further in time and should not be regarded as the final
      solution to the management of patients with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6828947
TI  - The application of regional anaesthesia in a disaster situation.

PMID- 6828950
TI  - Curiosa paediatrica VII: penis circumvallatus.

PMID- 6828948
TI  - Review article. Magnesium deficiency provoked by diuretics.
AB  - Many diuretics cause hypermagnesiuria which may lead to magnesium deficiency,
      presenting as hypomagnesaemia, cardiac arrhythmias and tetany. Loop diuretics
      cause hypermagnesiuria mainly through direct blockade of magnesium reabsorption
      at the loop of Henle. Distal tubular diuretics block magnesium reabsorption at
      the distal convoluted tubule and also reduce magnesium reabsorption at the loop
      of Henle by an indirect mechanism.

PMID- 6828949
TI  - Hyperkalaemic complete heart block. A report of 2 unique cases and a review of
      the literature.
AB  - Two White male patients with temporary complete heart block (CHB) secondary to
      hyperkalaemia are presented. One, a 40-year-old man, developed CHB with ensuing
      shock within the first 24 hours of repeat aortic valve replacement for a
      paraprosthetic leak caused by previous endocarditis. This patient experienced
      iatrogenic hyperkalaemia. The second was an 81-year-old man who had chronic renal
      failure and presented with Stokes-Adams attacks. This patient was initially
      thought to have degenerative CHB and nearly underwent inadvertent permanent
      pacemaker insertion. Both patients were initially treated with emergency
      temporary cardiac pacing with subsequent successful management. Temporary CHB
      secondary to hyperkalaemia, from whatever cause, has very rarely been documented
      in the literature. A review of this potentially lethal complication is undertaken
      and the significance of unifascicular and bifascicular conduction block as a
      consequence of hyperkalaemia is discussed.

PMID- 6828951
TI  - Pre-eclamptic toxemia is not associated with elevated levels of circulating
      immune complexes.

PMID- 6828952
TI  - The medical laboratory scientist in the clinical chemistry service laboratory.
AB  - The recent opening of an official register for medical laboratory scientists in
      South Africa has prompted an examination of the professional role, training and
      qualification of one particular group of scientists, namely clinical chemists
      working in hospital pathology departments. Lack of recognition of the potential
      contribution of these non-medical graduates towards improved health care,
      together with the lack of facilities for their professional advancement, has
      hitherto inhibited the growth and development of clinical chemistry in this
      country. An urgent need is the local establishment of a specialist postgraduate
      qualification open to the non-medical clinical chemist.

PMID- 6828953
TI  - Magnesium--distribution and basic metabolism.
AB  - Magnesium is extensively distributed in soil, water and plants. It is essential
      for enzymatic reactions requiring adenosine triphosphate, and the recommended
      dietary allowance in man is 5-10 mg/kg/d. About 50% of magnesium in man is stored
      in bone, where it is regulated by parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-D3. Most of
      the remaining magnesium pool is intracellular, plasma magnesium accounting for
      less than 0,5% of the total.

PMID- 6828954
TI  - The telephone in family practice.
AB  - In a time-and-motion study in family practice it was found that 35,8% of all
      patient contact was per telephone. The study further revealed that 12,3% of total
      practice time was spent on the telephone, stressing its importance as a useful
      tool in family practice. The study supports others which suggest that 'telephone
      medicine' is worthy of careful examination in terms of cost-effectiveness. The
      implications for the doctor-patient relationship are also considered.

PMID- 6828955
TI  - Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery - a therapeutic dilemma.
AB  - An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was diagnosed
      clinically in 12 patients (and confirmed angiographically in 11 and at autopsy in
      1). A classic history of 'infantile angina' was obtained in only 1 patient, while
      the typical electrocardiographic findings of anterolateral ischaemia or
      infarction were present in 11 patients (92%). The majority had evidence of left
      ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. Three patients underwent
      surgical reimplantation of the anomalous left coronary artery into the ascending
      aorta. Two survive, but with persistent electrocardiographic changes and
      cardiomegaly. Nine patients, of whom 4 survive, were managed medically. Five of
      the 6 deaths occurred within 1 month of diagnosis. A conservative approach to
      surgical intervention is recommended, as surgery is unlikely to alter the
      ultimate prognosis.

PMID- 6828956
TI  - Cervical spine fracture in a boxer - a rare but important sporting injury. A case
      report.
AB  - Cervical vertebral injuries are rare in boxing. The case of an adult boxer with
      an isolated vertical fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas is described. The
      mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, complications and treatment are
      discussed. Measures to prevent head and neck injury in boxing are discussed.

PMID- 6828957
TI  - Giant lower oesophageal ulcer in a Bushman baby. a case report.
AB  - The case of a giant, penetrating lower oesophageal ulcer in a 14-month-old
      Bushman baby is reported. This would probably be classified as a Barrett's ulcer.
      Histological examination showed that the ulcer developed in columnar epithelium
      and that there was normal stratified squamous oesophageal mucosa both proximally
      and distally to the ulcer, indicating that it had developed in an islet of
      ectopic gastric mucosa. The ulcer originally described by Barrett developed in a
      short oesophagus, into which gastric mucosa extended in a continuous sheet. Lower
      oesophageal ulcers should probably be divided into a primary type, of which the
      present case is an example, and a secondary type, in which there is direct
      extension of gastric mucosa into the oesophagus due to metaplasia of oesophageal
      mucosa secondary to reflux oesophagitis.

PMID- 6828958
TI  - Non-immunological hydrops fetalis. a case report.
AB  - A case of hydrops fetalis which was not due to isoimmunization is presented. The
      condition was diagnosed antenatally by means of ultrasonography and the infant
      was delivered at 32 weeks' gestation. He required intensive care, but survived
      and is well at 18 months of age. The causation, diagnosis and management of this
      problem are discussed.

PMID- 6828959
TI  - Pyocele of the middle turbinate. A case report.
AB  - Pneumatization of the middle turbinate bone is a result of migration of ethmoid
      air cells. The accumulation of mucus when the ostium is blocked results in the
      formation of a mucocele or, if superadded infection is present, a pyocele
      (empyema).

PMID- 6828960
TI  - Symposium on colon and rectal surgery.

PMID- 6828961
TI  - Familial polyposis coli.

PMID- 6828962
TI  - Cancer of the rectum: a review of surgical options.

PMID- 6828963
TI  - Recurrent cancer of the colon.

PMID- 6828964
TI  - The management of anal incontinence.

PMID- 6828965
TI  - Antibiotics in colon surgery.

PMID- 6828967
TI  - The surgical management of the radiation-injured intestine.
AB  - The grim prognosis for patients with severe radiation injury of the intestine
      need not be considered unalterable. Aggressive, wide-resectional techniques, new
      nutritional methods, and earlier diagnosis should provide significantly improved
      results. Reshaping of traditional conservative attitudes, which have been
      associated with mortality ranging from 20 to 50 per cent, is strongly encouraged.
      A selectively bolder approach to the intestine injured by radiation is endorsed
      as a means of reducing the mortality and morbidity and of providing a greater
      opportunity for preserving or reconstituting acceptable gastrointestinal
      function.

PMID- 6828968
TI  - Management of perforative diverticulitis.

PMID- 6828969
TI  - A prospective random study of a single agent versus combination antibiotics as
      therapy in penetrating injuries of the abdomen.
AB  - One hundred patients undergoing operation for penetrating and potentially
      contaminated wounds of the abdomen were given cefamandole or a combination of
      cephalothin-tobramycin by a random, single blind method as preventive therapy.
      Results were evaluable for 49 patients receiving cefamandole for a success rate
      of 93.9 per cent. The 45 evaluable results in the second group had a success rate
      of 88.9 per cent. Those in the single therapy group also required fewer days of
      treatment and of hospital confinement, resulting in lower per patient cost.
      Results of this study show cefamandole to be an efficacious alternative for
      surgeons seeking a single agent therapy.

PMID- 6828966
TI  - Procedures conserving continence in the surgical management of ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 6828970
TI  - A controlled study of single dosage cefamandole in the prophylaxis of wound
      infections in appendectomy.
AB  - A series of 102 consecutive patients undergoing appendectomy through an incision
      in the right iliac fossa entered a prospective randomized trial to compare the
      effects of a 2 gram intravenous bolus dose of cefamandole with a control study.
      No differences occurred in the incidence of wound infection in the two groups. We
      conclude that there is no place for a single preoperative dosage of cefamandole
      in the management of appendicitis.

PMID- 6828971
TI  - Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
AB  - A retrospective study of 56 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater
      revealed a resectability rate of 79.0 per cent and an operative mortality of 2.3
      per cent. Although 55 per cent of those undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy had
      complications postoperatively, these were usually self-limiting and did not
      require operative intervention. The five year survival rate was 23 per cent. The
      most significant pathologic determinant of long term survival was the nodal
      status at the time of exploration. Local recurrence after resection for cure was
      common as the first site of treatment failure and raises the question of the
      value of a more aggressive surgical approach or adjuvant radiation therapy to the
      surgical fields. The reason for a local recurrence appeared to be failure to
      remove all microscopic disease at the initial operation. Multifocal origin within
      the biliary tract could have contributed to the local recurrence. However,
      residual disease within the remaining pancreas after pancreaticoduodenectomy was
      a problem in only one patient. When disease was locally advanced, short term
      palliation was best accomplished by pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, survival
      beyond two years was no different from that of those treated by simple biliary
      bypass.

PMID- 6828973
TI  - Nonoperative drainage of fluid collections following operations on the biliary
      tract.

PMID- 6828972
TI  - Hepatic trisegmentectomy using the Lin liver clamp.
AB  - A new technique of hepatic trisegmentectomy, extended right lobectomy, using the
      Lin liver clamp was successfully performed upon five patients. Proper use of the
      liver clamp in hepatic trisegmentectomy seems to diminish surgical hemorrhage and
      to be useful in performing safe dissection of the parenchyma of the liver.
      Although this method is not always applicable, it is useful in selected patients.

PMID- 6828974
TI  - Repair of agenesis of the hemidiaphragm by prosthetic materials.
AB  - Creation of a substitute hemidiaphragm for an infant born with agenesis of the
      hemidiaphragm is a formidable task. Subsequent growth of the infant may produce
      distortion or fracture of diaphragmatic prostheses. Our experience with a
      surviving two year old infant with agenesis led us to conclude that a Silastic
      prosthesis is unsatisfactory and that a polypropylene mesh prosthesis is
      satisfactory as a diaphragmatic substitute.

PMID- 6828975
TI  - Nosocomial urinary tract infections cause wound infections postoperatively in
      surgical patients.

PMID- 6828976
TI  - Abdominal myomectomy and subsequent fertility.
AB  - The role of myomectomy in subsequent fertility was evaluated. Of 50 patients
      undergoing myomectomy, 25 subsequently conceived. The most important correlation
      with subsequent fertility was surgical indication, 68 per cent of the women who
      underwent exploration for a pelvic mass having conceived, whereas only 16 per
      cent of women with a normal infertility evaluation conceived. In addition, women
      more than 30 years of age who became pregnant had fewer and smaller fibroid
      tumors than those who did not. It is concluded that myomectomy itself may
      decrease fertility, probably on the basis of adhesion formation and may be
      unjustified in women with otherwise negative infertility evaluations.

PMID- 6828977
TI  - Improved utilization of blood for elective surgery.
AB  - Results of our experience have shown that SSBO and T & S are cost effective and
      extremely safe. We believe that the safety in using these guidelines for
      hemotherapy for elective surgery depends upon a sensitive and meticulously
      performed T & S, a mechanism by which ABO compatibility can be affirmed and an
      ongoing surveillance program to monitor the proper operation of these procedures.

PMID- 6828978
TI  - Reversal of fentanyl induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - We believe it is advisable to avoid narcotics, if possible, in patients with
      known or suspected gallbladder disease. Occasionally, however, this will not be
      possible, and narcotic induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi may require
      treatment. Except for the stated contraindications of glucagon administration, it
      seems to be based upon this study and other available data that glucagon is just
      as effective as naloxone in reversing spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and may be
      associated with fewer undesirable effects, such as reversal of analgesia and
      adverse hemodynamic changes. Anticholingergic drugs in man have proved to be of
      minimal or no benefit in this regard.

PMID- 6828980
TI  - Results of postoperative treatment of ileus in infants and children by means of
      gastrocecal tube splinting of the intestine.
AB  - Since 1966, gastrocecal tube splinting of the small intestine has been used in 77
      instances of postoperative ileus, the over-all mortality being 5.2 per cent. Six
      to seven patients in whom the operation had been performed at least one year ago,
      a mean value of 3.5 years, had follow-up examinations. One child had a recurrence
      of ileus, and in one patient, postoperative invagination was observed. Seventy
      per cent of the children having follow-up examinations were completely
      asymptomatic, 24 per cent had slight complaints and 6 per cent did not respond.
      The method described can, therefore, be recommended for the prevention and
      therapy of postoperative ileus, provided these contraindications are observed:
      severe disturbances of intestinal circulation; enterocolitis and ulcerations of
      intestinal mucosa; meconium ileus, in primary operations, and gastroschisis, in
      primary operations.

PMID- 6828979
TI  - Metastatic malignant melanoma with an unknown primary.
AB  - Patients who are diagnosed initially as having metastatic melanoma with no known
      cutaneous, mucosal or ocular primary are a perplexing clinical problem. In the
      Duke University Melanoma Clinic, 124 patients have been identified as meeting the
      criteria of an unknown primary melanoma. This represents 4.8 per cent of the
      total melanoma population seen at this institution. There were 2.5 times as many
      males as females with an average age at diagnosis of 47.9 years. Regional lymph
      node disease was the most common presentation with 64 per cent of the patients
      falling into this category. Those patients who showed initial evidence of
      hematogenous spread of their melanoma had a worse prognosis than their
      counterparts who manifested primarily lymphatic spread. When compared with
      control population groups with known primary melanoma, the unknown primary group
      had equal survival emphasizing that surgical treatment should be similar for both
      groups.

PMID- 6828981
TI  - Intravenous prophylactic antimicrobial drugs in elective colorectal operations.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, double blind study of 123 patients undergoing
      elective colorectal surgery, 61 received intravenously erythromycin gluceptate,
      and 62 received intravenously metronidazole perioperatively together with
      tobramycin. Three dosages of each drug were given. Eight patients in each
      treatment group had wound infections. Of these, only three in each treatment
      group were severe enough to require antibiotic therapy and to cause prolongation
      of hospitalization. Antibiotic levels in the serums of patients, in skin samples
      and in intestinal walls showed that metronidazole was most frequently detected at
      satisfactory concentrations in serum and that skin and the intestinal wall did
      not contain any detectable antibiotic.

PMID- 6828982
TI  - Intestinal anastomosis in the neonate.

PMID- 6828984
TI  - A simplified technique for highly selective vagotomy.

PMID- 6828983
TI  - The geometry of the central venous catheter wire stylette as an indicator of
      correct catheter position.

PMID- 6828986
TI  - Simultaneous placement of two permanent central venous catheters.

PMID- 6828985
TI  - New technique for anastomosis of the intestine after the Hartmann's procedure
      with the end-to-end anastomosis stapler.
AB  - The technique presented is safe and fast. Mobilization and opening of the pouch
      are avoided. Identification of the ureters are not necessary. Introduction of the
      end-to-end anastomosis stapler into the rectum without the anvil is made safe.
      Even though we used the straight end-to-end anastomosis stapler, the curved one
      would seem to be more suitable for this kind of anastomosis.

PMID- 6828987
TI  - Estrogen- and progesterone-receptor proteins in intracranial tumors.
AB  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been measured in 13 intracranial tumors
      (eight meningiomas, two acoustic neurinomas, one primary tumor of neuroectodermal
      origin, one giant-celled glioblastoma, and one metastasis of carcinoma). Evidence
      is provided of the presence of progesterone receptors in meningiomas (87.5%). We
      could not find clear evidence of estrogen receptors in any tumor of this series.
      Presence of progesterone receptors in meningiomas suggests an explanation for the
      greater incidence of these tumors in women and their rapid growth during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6828988
TI  - Spring clip for aneurysm surgery.
AB  - This report concerns a clip for aneurysm surgery which has (a) a stabilizing wire
      that prevents the scissoring of the blades, (b) a stronger coil spring that
      allows longer blades and a reduced possibility of slippage, and (c) grasping
      sites that allow the clip to be positioned in both an applier that holds the clip
      rigidly in one position, and in one that allows the clip to be rotated for
      optimal placement. The clip is made from stainless-steel wire 2 mm in diameter,
      which is larger than that used for other clips. The 2-mm diameter permits the
      clip to have wider clamping surfaces than other clips made from wire, it permits
      the grasping sites to be notched so that it may be held in a rotating clip
      applier, and permits the clip to be tooled for a stronger coil spring. The coil
      springs are of either a standard or a strong tension, and have opening pressures
      of approximately 175 g and 320 g, respectively.

PMID- 6828990
TI  - Vasospasm with an unruptured and unoperated aneurysm.

PMID- 6828991
TI  - Venous angiomas of the posterior fossa should be considered as anomalous venous
      drainage.
AB  - Venous angioma of the posterior fossa has been described, and the existing
      literature has been reviewed. The patient presented had a venous angioma located
      in the pons, and both cerebellar hemispheres and was drained by an enlarged and
      anatomically anomalous vein within the fourth ventricle. The patient had a "cough
      headache" and later had signs of cerebellar involvement. A surgical attempt at
      collapsing the anomalous vein resulted in death in the immediate postoperative
      period due to venous infarction of the brain stem and cerebellum. Emphasis has
      been given to the following: 1. "Cough Headache" can be a presenting feature for
      venous angiomas of the posterior fossa. 2. Venous angiomas of the posterior fossa
      are developmental anatomic anomalies with enlargement of certain venous
      structures as a result of inadequate alternative venous drainage. 3. The enlarged
      vein, which is the pathognomonic feature of venous angiomas, serves a vital
      function in drainage of blood from structures in the posterior fossa as the usual
      drainage pathways are inadequate or absent. 4. Operative intervention aimed at
      resection or collapse of such large veins, which has been successful in treatment
      of venous angiomas of the frontal lobe, can be disastrous in the treatment of
      those lesions occurring in the posterior fossa.

PMID- 6828989
TI  - Complex partial seizures associated with unruptured thrombosed basilar artery
      apex aneurysm.

PMID- 6828992
TI  - Absence of dural pulsation as an indication for dural opening in malignant
      melanoma metastatic to the spine.

PMID- 6828993
TI  - Coincidental pituitary adenoma and cerebral aneurysm with pathological findings.

PMID- 6828995
TI  - Transient cerebral ischemia evoked by yawning: an experience after superficial
      temporal artery--middle cerebral artery bypass operation.

PMID- 6828994
TI  - Symptomatic rathke's cleft cysts.
AB  - Two unusual cases of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts are reported. In one, the
      cyst was entirely suprasellar with a normal sella turcica. The gross visual
      failure, hypothalamic disturbances, and hypopituitarism of the patient resolved
      after a transfrontal aspiration and partial excision of the wall of the cyst. The
      second patient was a pituitary dwarf with hypothalamic dysfunction, but with
      normal vision. The patient had a large intrasellar cyst that exhibited marked
      suprasellar extension with calcification of the capsular rim. After
      transsphenoidal aspiration and partial excision of the wall of the cyst, the
      patient achieved a satisfactory recovery. The differential features between
      Rathke's cleft cyst and craniopharyngioma are highlighted.

PMID- 6828996
TI  - Solitary intramedullary schwannomas.

PMID- 6828997
TI  - Anterior sacral meningocele: review of the literature.

PMID- 6828998
TI  - Fibrosarcoma arising in Paget's disease of the vertebra: review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6829000
TI  - Calvarial window--description of a one-stage procedure for acute and chronic
      implants.

PMID- 6829001
TI  - Pituitary tumors.

PMID- 6828999
TI  - Ipsilateral exophthalmos due to subfrontal epidural hematoma.

PMID- 6829003
TI  - Subcutaneous cancer growth complicating the peritoneovenous shunting of malignant
      ascites.

PMID- 6829004
TI  - Embolectomy or heparin therapy for arterial emboli?

PMID- 6829002
TI  - Shunts.

PMID- 6829006
TI  - Vascular endoscopy for major vascular reconstruction: experimental and clinical
      studies.
AB  - A new technique of vascular endoscopy employing fiberoptic endoscope and balloon
      catheter was devised. Experimental and clinical studies showed excellent visual
      field and optical quality. Our technique of vascular endoscopy has several
      advantages. First, the size of the balloon is large enough to obtain satisfactory
      visual field and can be applied to the great vessels. Second, the endoscope can
      be advanced or withdrawn in the balloon catheter during balloon inflation. Third,
      the endoscope is never in contact with blood, so thrombus formation can be
      prevented and complete sterilization can be achieved. Fourth, no blood is lost
      during the procedure because the graft is snugly tightened to the hard portion of
      the catheter. Vascular endoscopy is useful to observe orifices of the major
      aortic branches, to distinguish atheromatous plaque from thrombus, and to
      identify unexpected intimal tears by vascular clamps, which cannot be achieved by
      operative angiography. It is particularly useful for identifying the exact site
      of the entry or reentry in dissecting aneurysm. Although our experience was
      limited to intraoperative use, vascular endoscopy can be an invaluable method to
      examine, diagnose, and treat the patient who requires aortic, caval, or other
      major vascular surgery.

PMID- 6829005
TI  - Management of acute thromboembolic limb ischemia.
AB  - Acute arterial occlusion affecting the extremities remains a significant cause of
      death and limb loss. Our approach to the management of these patients has been
      selective, and it is based upon a clinical distinction between embolism and
      thrombosis. Patients with acute embolic occlusion are treated with prompt
      embolectomy. Patients with thrombosis are given a course of heparin therapy,
      followed by elective arterial repair if necessary. Deterioration of the limb is
      an indication for emergency reconstruction, and nonviable limbs are amputated
      early. This approach to treatment was assessed in a 1-year prospective study,
      involving 29 patients with embolism and 50 patients with thrombosis. The initial
      diagnosis was found to be incorrect for seven patients (8.9%). Of the patients
      with embolism, four died (13.8%) and three required amputation (10.4%). There
      were six deaths (12%) among the patients with thrombosis, but eleven required
      amputation (22%), and in seven of these amputation was the definitive treatment.
      We have concluded that the selective use of surgery is an appropriate method of
      treatment for patients with acute thromboembolic limb ischemia.

PMID- 6829007
TI  - Recurrent oriental cholangiohepatitis.
AB  - The cases of two patients with recurrent oriental cholangiohepatitis are
      discussed. This syndrome, which has hitherto been rarely encountered in the
      Western hemisphere, may be seen with increasing frequency because of the influx
      of immigrants from southeast Asia. Patients typically present with symptoms of
      recurrent cholangitis. Findings at operation consist of primary bile duct stones
      associated with intrahepatic and extrahepatic ductal strictures. Surgical therapy
      is internal biliary bypass to prevent recurrent bile duct obstruction from
      stones. Even with such treatment, recurrence of cholangitis is common.

PMID- 6829008
TI  - Balloon embolectomy catheters in small arteries. III. Surgical significance of
      eccentric balloons.
AB  - Some embolectomy balloons distend eccentrically. This study was undertaken to
      compare balloon eccentricity in air with that which occurs in arteries, to
      determine the influence of balloon eccentricity on shear force, and to estimate
      the injury potential of eccentric balloons. We studied 21 Edwards and 17 Shiley
      catheters in 24 dog carotid arteries in vitro. Each vessel was mounted
      horizontally in a Krebs-Ringer bath with one end of the vessel suspended from a
      force gauge. Catheters were inserted through an arteriotomy, and balloons were
      distended to lateral wall pressures of 25, 75, and 125 mm Hg. X-ray studies were
      used to measure balloon eccentricity--that is, the ratio of larger radius (R) to
      smaller radius (r). Comparison revealed a high correlation (r = 0.88, P less than
      0.05) between R/r values in air and R/r values within arteries. Shear forces were
      produced when balloons were withdrawn through arteries. Regression equations
      revealed that the shear force increased about 10% for each unit increase in R/r.
      However, extremely eccentric balloons (R/r 8:1) pushed the catheter shaft deep
      into the vessel wall, gouging a linear tear in the media. This was seen in vitro
      and in two dogs studied 2 and 14 days after embolectomy. We conclude that balloon
      eccentricity in air is an accurate indicator of balloon eccentricity within
      arteries, that moderately eccentric balloons (R/r 3:1) are acceptable for
      clinical use, but that extremely eccentric balloons (R/r greater than 3:1) may
      cause severe injury and should not be used in the operating room.

PMID- 6829009
TI  - Postburn immunosuppression in an animal model: monocyte dysfunction induced by
      burned tissue.
AB  - We studied cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in burned mice using an assay that
      involves the induction of contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).
      Subsequent painting of the ears with DNFB and measurement of ear swelling with
      calipers is a sensitive and quantifiable assay for CMI. Results may be expressed
      as mean ear swelling (MS) in units of 10(-4) inches +/- 2 standard errors of the
      mean. CMI was severely depressed in burned mice over a 2-week period following
      burn (control MS 48.3 +/- 1.0, 14 days after burn 29.0 +/- 1.0, P less than
      0.01). Immediate postburn eschar removal resulted in avoidance of
      immunosuppression (MS 41.5 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.01) while transfer of burned
      tissue subcutaneously into unburned mice resulted in severe immunosuppression (MS
      33.2 +/- 2.6, P less than 0.01). CMI was restored by intravenous infusion of
      peritoneal macrophages from unburned mice (MS 41.4 +/- 2.2), but not by infusion
      of lymphocytes or of macrophages taken from burned mice. This model should prove
      useful for further study of burn injury-induced immunosuppression.

PMID- 6829010
TI  - Vessel wall and indium-111-labelled platelet response to carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - Postendarterectomy platelet deposition and thrombus formation may play an
      important role not only in vessel wall healing but also in the small incidence of
      postoperative cerebral ischemia and postoperative stenosis. A study has been
      performed using a canine model to investigate the healing response to carotid
      endarterectomy and the validity of an in vivo indium-111 (In-111) radiotracer
      technique in the assessment of postendarterectomy deposition of autologous
      labelled platelets. Sixteen endarterectomized carotid arteries showed uptake of
      autologous In-111 platelets immediately after infusion, reaching a maximum by 1
      hour with little increase at 24 or 48 hours. No uptake was seen in ten control
      vessels following platelet infusion (P less than 0.05). At autopsy, seven vessels
      were demonstrated to have In-111 platelet deposition immediately prior to
      sacrifice of the animals. Postmortem scanning confirmed the localization to the
      vessel lumens, and microscopy revealed thrombus formation with or without partial
      endothelialization. Complete reendothelialization had occurred in the vessels
      that failed to show platelet deposition. Delayed healing was associated with
      continuing platelet deposition, excessive thrombus formation, and luminal
      stenosis. Arteriotomy closure with a vein patch altered the healing
      characteristics of the vessel with segmental thrombus formation over the vein
      patch. A preliminary study of the postendarterectomy in vivo In-111 platelet
      response in humans demonstrated platelet deposition that was not influenced by
      the administration of antiplatelet drugs at currently prescribed levels.

PMID- 6829012
TI  - Evaluation of the student: improving validity of the oral examination.
AB  - Medical students completing a surgical clerkship were scored independently by
      faculty members, a chief resident and a written multiple-choice examination. In
      group I, an oral examination was administered by two faculty members together in
      one room, while in group II, the examiners were in separate rooms. The average
      oral examination grade correlated with none of the other facets of the student
      evaluation in group I, but did so for most parameters in group II. The
      correlation coefficient between the oral examination and mean grade became
      significant, however, for oral examinations in which five or more core topics
      were covered. It is concluded that even with limited professional resources,
      changes in the method of administering an oral examination can increase its
      validity.

PMID- 6829011
TI  - Effect of perioperative low-dose heparin administration on the course of colon
      cancer.
AB  - There is evidence that drugs that inhibit blood coagulation or platelet activity
      may retard or prevent the recurrence of cancer in experimental animals and in
      patients. The data for 230 patients who underwent surgical resection for primary
      adenocarcinoma of the colon (Dukes B and C) during 1973 to 1977 were studied
      retrospectively to determine whether low-dose heparin given for prophylaxis of
      thromboembolism altered the interval to or prevalence of recurrence.
      Perioperative low-dose subcutaneous heparin was given to 180 patients, and 50
      patients received no heparin. The groups were comparable in age, sex, extent of
      disease, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Disease recurred
      in 54 of 180 patients (30%) who received heparin and 18 of 50 patients (36%) who
      did not receive heparin. This difference was not significant (chi2 = 0.6551, P =
      0.418). The interval from surgery to recurrence of cancer was slightly longer in
      the heparin group (790 days) than in the nonheparin group (638 days), but this
      difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.268). Life table analysis
      revealed a significantly lower overall mortality rate among patients who received
      heparin (P less than 0.05), although there was no difference between the two
      groups in rate of deaths from colon cancer.

PMID- 6829013
TI  - Proximal diverting jejunostomy for compromised small bowel.
AB  - The use of a totally diverting proximal jejunostomy in the surgical therapy of
      five cases of compromised small bowel is reported. In each case a diverting end
      on jejunostomy was constructed 30 to 100 cm beyond the ligament of Treitz. The
      oversewn distal end of bowel was anchored intraperitoneally at the jejunum, and a
      tube was introduced into the distal intestine for subsequent radiologic study. In
      three of five cases small bowel leaks were demonstrated after operation by x-ray
      examination. The leaks caused no clinical problems. The jejunostomy remained in
      place for 4 to 13 weeks. The mean daily stoma output ranged from 200 to 2800
      ml/day. Fluid and electrolyte losses were replaced and total parenteral nutrition
      was supplied. No stomal complications occurred. Intestinal continuity was
      restored when contrast medium passed through the intestine without leak or
      obstruction. Reanastomosis of the intestinal tract was accomplished with minimal
      dissection through a small peristomal incision because the distal closed end of
      the divided bowel had been fixed to the stoma base. Each of the patients
      recovered gastrointestinal function without further complication and was
      discharged from the hospital on a general diet. With parenteral nutritional
      support, a high jejunostomy is well tolerated. Proximal intestinal diversion can
      salvage an otherwise hopeless situation.

PMID- 6829014
TI  - Excision of quadriceps muscle group.
AB  - Excision of the quadriceps muscle group may be selected for definitive treatment
      of intracompartmental soft tissue sarcomas within this muscle group. After a skin
      incision is made from anterosuperior iliac spine to the patella, skin flaps are
      dissected superficial to the fascia lata to the flexor muscles laterally and to
      the gracilis muscle medially. The superficial femoral artery is dissected free of
      the quadriceps muscles over the entire thigh. The origins of the sartorius,
      tensor fascia lata, and rectus femoris muscles are transected from their origins
      on the pelvis, and the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
      muscles are transected from their origins on the femur. To free the specimen, the
      quadriceps femoris tendon is divided just proximal to its attachment to the
      patella. The gracilis muscle medially and the short head of the biceps muscle
      laterally are transected at their insertions and secured to the patella. The
      subcutaneous tissue and skin are closed over generous suction drains. After
      operation an ankle-foot orthosis is used to provide for relatively unrestricted
      ambulation.

PMID- 6829015
TI  - Disruption and migration of an Angelchik esophageal antireflux prosthesis.

PMID- 6829016
TI  - More misadventures with the esophageal collar.

PMID- 6829017
TI  - Texas panel amends lists of procedures requiring disclosure.

PMID- 6829018
TI  - New therapy for acute myocardial infarction: intracoronary thrombolysis.

PMID- 6829020
TI  - Experience, knowledge characterize TMA's legislative team.

PMID- 6829019
TI  - Treatment of severe digoxin toxicity with digoxin-specific antibodies: a case
      report.

PMID- 6829021
TI  - Of miracles, ethics, and the Green-backed Dollar Gobbler.

PMID- 6829023
TI  - [Surgical treatment of a cecal abscess in a thoroughbred mare in The
      Netherlands].

PMID- 6829022
TI  - [A pony with "false" colic].
AB  - Report on the case of a pony with colic submitted a to the department of internal
      medicine. However, the animal was found to be affected with dilatation of the
      oesophagus which had given rise to acute pleurisy resulting from rupture of the
      wall of the oesophagus. The diagnosis was established after death.

PMID- 6829025
TI  - [A prospective study of the usefulness of an intravaginal electric resistance
      meter for estrus detection in cattle].
AB  - The use of a device for measuring vaginal electrical resistance was tested in
      dairy cattle at the time of 496 inseminations as well as in five heifers and four
      gilts throughout the oestrous cycle. The device can be used in oestrus detection
      when there is a reliable and consistent difference in vaginal electric
      resistance, which can be estimated between the day(s) of oestrus and during the
      other days of the oestrus cycle. However, the results of tests using this device
      in cattle and gilts showed marked variations within animals during successive
      heats and cycles as well as between animals on corresponding days of the oestrus
      cycle. This experiment therefore showed that the device was not an effective aid
      in heat detection.

PMID- 6829024
TI  - [Rabbits and the administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 6829026
TI  - A cell aggregation model for the protective effect of selenium and vitamin E on
      methylmercury toxicity.
AB  - Histotypic aggregation of embryonic neural retinal cells was chosen as a test
      model to evaluate mercury toxicity. After 24 h rotational culture with
      methylmercury (CH3HgCl) at 4 microM, aggregation was completely inhibited. A dose
      response relationship between concentrations of methylmercury and final sizes of
      aggregates was found. Selenium (Na2SeO3) at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 microM
      provided a protective effect for methylmercury (1 microM) toxicity. Vitamin E (DL
      alpha-Tocopherol acetate) at concentrations 5, 7 and 10 microM also provided
      protection against the same concentration of methylmercury; however, it was less
      effective than selenium. Histotypic embryonal retinal cell aggregation may be a
      useful assay system for in vitro neurotoxic studies in morphogenesis.

PMID- 6829027
TI  - Distribution and metabolism of the teratogen nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-4'-nitro
      diphenyl ether) in pregnant rats.
AB  - Oral exposure of pregnant Long-Evans rats on day 11 of gestation to the
      teratogen, nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-4'-nitro diphenyl ether), which was uniformly
      labeled with 14C in the nitrophenyl ring, resulted in the accumulation of
      radioactivity in maternal fat with lesser amounts found in liver, kidney, other
      tissues, and in the embryonic compartment. The peak concentration of
      radioactivity occurred 7-9 h after dosing and the half-life of the label in
      maternal blood was approximately 8 days. In the embryonic compartment,
      radioactivity was first detected at 2 h after dosing, peaked at 4-6 h, and
      declined to half of that initially seen by 24 h. High performance liquid
      chromatography of embryo-placental extracts revealed 4 metabolites in addition to
      the parent compound: 4'-amino and 4'-acetylamino derivatives plus 2 hydroxylated
      derivatives. A similar metabolic profile was observed in maternal blood and
      liver. In another experiment, purified 4'-amino metabolite was found to have no
      adverse effect on neonatal survival when administered orally on day 11 of
      gestation at doses up to 215 mg/kg. These results suggest that the teratogenicity
      of nitrofen cannot be readily explained by preferential distribution of the
      compound in the embryo or by a unique profile of stable, extractable metabolites
      in the embryonic compartment.

PMID- 6829028
TI  - Pathologic findings in rats following inhalation of combustion products of
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
AB  - Adult male Fischer 344 rats received single 30-min exposures to the aerosolized
      products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) heated to 595 degrees C. The
      concentrations of thermal degradation products of PTFE were at the LC50 dose of
      0.045 mg/l for most rats, but some rats received doses ranging from 0.005 to
      5.025 mg/l. Serial measurements of cardiopulmonary function were obtained and
      will be published subsequently. Necropsies were performed at 0, 2, 12, 24 and 36
      h post-exposure, and a few rats were killed between 2 and 17 days. Signs of
      respiratory impairment were followed by death in some rats. Pathologic findings
      included focal hemorrhages, edema and fibrin deposition in the lungs. With time
      focal interstitial thickenings developed due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of
      alveolar cells, and macrophages accumulated in alveoli. Thrombosis of pulmonary
      capillaries was common. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred in
      53% of test rats; its incidence and severity were positively related to the
      degree of pulmonary damage. Renal infarcts were common due to DIC. No lesions
      were seen in kidneys or other tissue (except lung and thymus) unless they were
      affected with DIC. Thymic lymphocytes underwent necrosis in many test and some
      vehical (warm air) control rats, possibly due to stress. The finding of DIC in
      PTFE combustion product exposure has not been reported to our knowledge. The
      toxicity of the thermal degradation products of PTFE requires further study,
      especially relative to induction of DIC.

PMID- 6829029
TI  - Effects of diethyl maleate on protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Diethyl maleate is commonly used in toxicological and drug metabolism research
      using isolated adult rat hepatocytes. At the highest concentrations used the
      effect of diethyl maleate is, however, not limited to glutathione depletion. In
      these conditions it inhibits protein synthesis and it impairs the "L" system for
      amino acid transport. It has, however, no effect on the cytochrome P-450 content
      or its dependent aldrin monooxygenase. The present report shows that a
      concentration of diethyl maleate as low as 0.2 mM is sufficient to deplete
      glutathione without affecting glycogen and protein synthesis, transport of amino
      acid or monooxygenase activity in isolated adult rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 6829030
TI  - Hematological changes produced in mice by ochratoxin A and citrinin.
AB  - The effect of 6 weekly injections of ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and citrinin (20
      mg/kg) on the following hematological indices of mice was studied: erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate, hematocrit percentage, mean corpuscular values, red cell
      indices, platelet count, total count of bone marrow cells, differential count of
      bone marrow cells, total count of splenic cells, spleen weight, and serum
      calcium. These mycotoxins resulted in a significant decrease in platelet count
      and hematocrit values. On the other hand, they increased erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular values and red cell indices. Weight of the
      spleen and the splenic cell count decreased significantly in ochratoxin A and
      citrinin treated mice. Total count of bone marrow cells, erythrocyte precursors,
      leucocyte precursors and megakaryocyte precursors of femoral bone marrow
      decreased significantly in toxin treated mice. Calcium concentration in the serum
      of toxin treated mice also was decreased significantly.

PMID- 6829031
TI  - An impurity of malathion alters the morphology of rat lung bronchiolar
      epithelium.
AB  - Oral administration of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS), an impurity in
      technical malathion, caused morphological changes in the bronchiolar epithelium
      of rat lungs. OOS-treated rat lungs had fewer but larger Clara (non-ciliated)
      cells than lungs from control rats given either corn oil or purified malathion.
      Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid
      was significantly higher in OOS than in control rats. We interpret these data to
      mean that OOS, and/or its metabolite(s) causes a lesion in the lung. Because of
      the widespread agricultural use of technical malathion, future work should
      address the significance of our findings and the possible toxic effect of OOS on
      lung tissue.

PMID- 6829035
TI  - Chronic sumithion toxicity: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in crab muscle.
AB  - Chronic sumithion toxicity in experimental crabs was induced by exposing them for
      15 and 30 days to 0.04 ppm sumithion solution. The enzymes concerned with
      glycogenolytic metabolism (phosphorylase), glycolytic metabolism (aldolase),
      aerobic metabolism [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH)],
      anaerobic metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine amino transaminase
      (AIAT)], were assayed in the muscle of control and experimental crabs. Glycogen,
      pyruvic acid, lactic acid were also estimated in the muscle of both control and
      experimental crabs. The muscle tissue of chronic sumithion-exposed crab exhibited
      suppressed glycogenolysis and glycolysis with an onset of gluconeogenesis. In
      general, chronic sumithion exposure seems to result in an elevation of the
      synthetic phase of muscle carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6829034
TI  - Tobacco smoke xenobiotic compound appearance in mothers' milk after involuntary
      smoke exposures. I. Nicotine and cotinine.
AB  - In the development of the extraction procedure for the analysis of nicotine and
      cotinine from a single breast milk sample, nicotine and cotinine were detected in
      3 of 10 nonsmoking mothers' milk samples. Interviews of these women revealed the
      presence of nonsmoking husbands and households but of tobacco smoke exposures
      during the working day. Clinically these levels may be considered inconsequential
      in regard to the threat to the mother and nursing infant but may be important in
      studies designed to monitor tobacco smoke xenobiotic compound appearance in
      breast milk.

PMID- 6829033
TI  - Levels of arsenic in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The present studies were conducted to determine the arsenic levels in liver
      specimens obtained at autopsy from human subjects suffering from liver cirrhosis.
      Arsenic content was determined using the neutron activation analysis technique.
      Increased levels of arsenic were found in cirrhotic liver samples including
      alcoholic cirrhosis. Various surveys were conducted in different places to find
      the cause for high arsenic in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. It was found
      that patients were consuming 'home-made brew' which was contaminated with
      arsenic. The study suggests that elevated levels of arsenic may be associated
      with liver damage in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 6829032
TI  - Prevention by L(-) ascorbic acid of isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in
      primary cultures of rat myocytes.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat myocytes were exposed to various doses of L-isoproterenol
      (ISO) for 4, 12 and 24 h. L-ascorbic acid (AA) was added to some cultures
      immediately after exposure to ISO to determine if antioxidants reduce the
      toxicity caused by ISO. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability
      were used as indices of cell injury. A significant increase in LDH release was
      found 24 h after exposure to 1 X 10(-4) M ISO alone. Higher doses (5 X 10(-4) and
      1 X 10(-3) M) caused significant enzyme release 4, 12 and 24 h after exposure.
      The viability of cultures exposed to toxic doses of ISO for 4 h was not affected.
      A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed 12 h and 24 h after
      exposure to ISO. L-ascorbic acid (5 X 10(-3) and 1.5 X 10(-2) M) significantly
      reduced the LDH release caused by ISO. The enzyme release from cultures exposed
      to 5 X 10(-4) and 5 X 10(-3) M AA alone was similar to that of control cultures.
      However, 1.5 X 10(-2) and 3 X 10(-2) M AA caused marked LDH release. The
      viability of cultures subjected to ISO in the presence of 5 X 10(-3) M AA was
      similar to that of controls. Our results show that AA protects against the LDH
      release and decreased cellular viability caused by toxic doses of ISO.

PMID- 6829036
TI  - Tissue distribution and elimination of chlorinated naphthalenes in mice.
AB  - Male pathogen-free JCL:ICR mice were dosed i.p. 1 mg of 1,8-and 2,7
      dichloronaphthalenes and octachloronaphthalene dissolved in olive oil. The
      highest levels of all chlorinated naphthalenes were found in adipose tissue. The
      biological half-life of octachloronaphthalene was longer than both
      dichloronaphthalenes while the half-life of 2,7-dichloronaphthalene was longer
      than that of 1,8-dichloronaphthalene in most tissues.

PMID- 6829037
TI  - Relation between metal and glutathione concentrations in mouse liver after
      cadmium, zinc or copper loading.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and cupric chlorides (Cu) were injected i.p. into male
      mice to examine the relationship between the level of the metals and that of
      reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver. The injected metals increased in
      concentration rapidly and attained the highest level at 1 day, while the GSH
      level decreased rapidly and reached the lowest level at 12 h by Cd and Zn, and at
      2 days by Cu injection. These findings suggest that cysteine utilized for the
      induced metallothionein, which binds the injected metals in the liver, is
      supplied from hepatic glutathione.

PMID- 6829038
TI  - The effect of weaning on blood, hair, fecal and urinary mercury after chronic
      ingestion of methylmercuric chloride by infant monkeys.
AB  - Several studies suggest that infant animals may be more sensitive to toxic insult
      from methylmercury than adults. In our experiment, newly born infant monkeys were
      given equivalent daily doses of 50 micrograms Hg/kg body weight orally in the
      form of methylmercury for more than 60 weeks. Data revealed that after weaning at
      200 days, both blood and hair mercury showed a sudden drop which was accompanied
      by an increase in fecal mercury excretion.

PMID- 6829039
TI  - Toxicological screening models: drug-induced oxidative hemolysis.
AB  - In an attempt to obtain a simple screening system for the assessment of toxic
      hemolytic effects of chemical substances, a battery of hematological tests was
      used. Phenacetin served as reference substance. The drug caused reversible
      formation of methemoglobin and Heinz bodies and an increase in peripheral
      reticulocytes after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, an increase in the
      mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells (RBC) and the volume of RBC ghosts in
      hypotonic solutions, and a decrease of the mean corpuscular fragility was
      observed. The latter changes are considered to be a consequence of regenerative
      RBC compensation rather than due to structural membrane alteration caused by the
      drug. The results suggest that only a combination of several hematological tests
      can provide comprehensive information about the hemolytic potential of chemical
      substances, and that for screening purposes small numbers of animals are often
      sufficient.

PMID- 6829040
TI  - Influence of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation in
      hepatocytes from starved rats.
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes form thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactants, a parameter of
      lipid peroxidation (LPO), when exposed to cadmium (Cd). Paracetamol (Para)
      inhibits this response, dependent on time and concentration. Cd-induced SH-group
      decline, however, and enhanced plasma membrane permeability to Trypan Blue (TB)
      were not inhibited by Para. This indicates that Cd-induced cell damage and Cd
      induced LPO are independent events. Experiments using cells with enhanced and
      lowered metabolism of Para after phenobarbital- and acetone- or heat-and
      metyrapone treatment, respectively, suggest a potentially inhibitory effect of
      both Para and its metabolite(s) on LPO. The antioxidative potency of Para turned
      out to be small compared to that of the radical scavenger (+)-cyanidanol-3.

PMID- 6829043
TI  - Selected ion monitoring, a method of choice for the determination of estrogen
      residues in food.

PMID- 6829042
TI  - Mercury distribution in mouse brain after i.v. administration of
      bis(methylmercuric) selenide.
AB  - The distribution of mercury in the brain of mice after i.v. administration of
      methylmercury, methylmercury with selenite, or bis(methylmercuric) selenide (BMS)
      was examined by whole-body autoradiography using 203Hg-labelled mercury
      compounds. The radioactivity in the brain of the mice that received methylmercury
      and selenite simultaneously, or BMS, was higher than that of the mice that
      received methylmercury alone, but the differences were not significant.

PMID- 6829044
TI  - Formation of ethane in vitro by rat liver homogenates following glutathione
      depletion in vivo.
AB  - Depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH) in rats by treatment with phorone
      (diisopropylidene acetone) in vivo led to a dramatic enhancement of spontaneous
      ethane production by liver post-mitochondrial fractions. Exogenous GSH added in
      vitro abolished this effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The same
      inhibitory action was seen with both dithiocarb or (+)-catechin. The
      concentrations yielding 50% inhibition (I50) were in the micromolar range for all
      three compounds.

PMID- 6829041
TI  - Toxicity of venalot (a mixture of coumarin and troxerutin) in the baboon.
AB  - Venalot, a mixture of coumarin and troxerutin, in the proportion 1 to 6
      respectively, was given orally to baboons at dosages of 0, 100, 300 and 1000
      mg/kg/day for 26 weeks. Vomiting, usually within 3 h of administration and
      considered to be of central origin, in addition to vomiting immediately after
      dosing, was noted in animals receiving 1000 mg/kg/day. At this level, collapse on
      several occasions in two animals, one of which died, was also observed. Another
      animal receiving 1000 mg/kg/day was killed for humane reasons following a period
      of weight loss, reduced appetite and deterioration in body condition. However, no
      adverse effect on body weight gain, food or water consumption, ophthalmoscopic or
      electrocardiographic examinations were noted in any other animals during this
      study. Increased levels of liver function (serum leucine amino-peptidase (LAP),
      and serum ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) were noted during the dosing
      period, together with slightly increased liver weights terminally for animals
      receiving 1000 mg/kg/day; however, as no morphological or ultrastructural changes
      were noted, these findings were considered to be attributable to hypertrophy.

PMID- 6829045
TI  - Enhancement of hydroxyl radical formation in rat liver microsomes by mirex.

PMID- 6829047
TI  - Long-term accumulation of hexachlorobenzene in adipose tissue of parent and
      filial rats.
AB  - The concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in adipose tissue were similar for
      F0 and F1b generations in rats fed 20 ppm HCB until 45 weeks of age. Nulliparous
      females receiving treatment equivalent to the HCB-treated F0 generation rapidly
      accumulated HCB in their fat and, by 13 weeks of age, the residue values
      coalesced with values in 13-week-old F1a females which had received additional
      HCB via the placenta and milk. Between 13 and 30 weeks of age, steady-state
      storage was approached and no significant increase in HCB concentrations occurred
      through 65 weeks of age. Postlactation dams, that nursed average size second
      litters, had considerably lower concentrations of HCB in their fat than dams
      weaning no pups, suggesting substantial redistribution and/or elimination of
      maternal stores during lactation.

PMID- 6829046
TI  - The effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (NIT) on
      serum thyroid hormones in adult female mice.
AB  - The administration of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether
      (nitrofen; NIT) to adult female mice by i.p. injection at doses of 500 and 1000
      mg/kg/day for 3 days, reduced serum thyroxine (T4) levels. T4 levels were reduced
      in the high-dosage group by 60% of the control and by 20% in the low-dose group.
      Serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels were relatively unaffected by NIT treatment at
      either dose. The animals appeared euthyroid, as body weights were unaffected even
      though T4 levels were reduced. Liver weights were slightly higher as a result of
      NIT exposure at both 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 6829048
TI  - The effects of CCl4 on the accumulation of mercury in rat tissues after
      methylmercury injection.
AB  - Rats were administered a dose of 10 mg of CH3HgCl/kg by single s.c. injection.
      They were subsequently treated with 0.5 ml of CCl4/kg by three i.p. injections at
      48-h intervals. The treatment with CCl4 resulted in the rise of total mercury
      level in brain, although the increase of mercury level was transitory and the
      difference between with and without CCl4 treatment gradually diminished. In
      addition, the mercury levels in other tissues involving liver, kidney, and muscle
      were increased by the treatment with CCl4. These results suggest that a hepatic
      damage by CCl4 is responsible for the duration of mercury accumulation in brain
      and other tissues after the single injection of methylmercury.

PMID- 6829051
TI  - Decrease and recovery of serum zinc and bone growth of rats with chronic
      ingestion of 25 ppm and 50 ppm cadmium.
AB  - Weanling female Wistar rats ingested 25 ppm or 50 ppm cadmium (Cd) as CdCl2 in
      water for 330 days. Suppression of body weight gain was observed during the early
      stages of ingestion. The serum zinc (Zn) concentration from Cd-treated rats was
      significantly decreased in both groups at 35 days. Cd groups gradually exceeded
      the control group in body weight gain. At the 330th day of Cd ingestion decreased
      Zn concentration was observed in the fibula bone, though exchangable serum Zn had
      almost returned to normal. The decrease of calcium (Ca) and hydroxyproline in
      fibulae was small. The severe decrease in serum Zn concentration during growing
      stages did not have a suppressing effect on bone growth. The recovery of body
      weight gain could be partly explained by the smaller intake of Cd water in adults
      than in young.

PMID- 6829049
TI  - Effects of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins on plasma disappearance and biliary
      excretion of ouabain in rats.
AB  - A single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7
      tribromodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7-TBDD), 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (1,2,3,7,8,9-HCDD), 1,2,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,4,6,7,9-HCDD), or
      1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,3,6,8-TCDD) was given to male rats (25
      micrograms/kg, p.o.) and plasma concentration and biliary excretion of ouabain
      assessed 10 days later. Treatment of TCDD, 2,3,7-TBDD and to a lesser extent
      1,2,3,7,8,9-HCDD increased the plasma concentration of ouabain and decreased its
      excretion into ouabain. TCDD, 2,3,7-TBDD and to a lesser extent, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HCDD
      decreased the bile flow. Liver wet weight was increased in TCDD and 2,3,7-TBDD
      treated rats. The magnitude of depression in ouabain excretion by those compounds
      was closely related to the reported relative binding affinity of the compound to
      liver cytosol and their induction potency of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      activity.

PMID- 6829050
TI  - Effect of DI-n-pentyl phthalate treatment on testicular steroidogenic enzymes and
      cytochrome P-450 in the rat.
AB  - Treatment of young male rats with dipentyl phthalate (DPP) produced significant
      decreases in testicular cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal
      steroidogenic enzymes (17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17-20 lyase) and in the maximal
      binding of a natural substrate (progesterone) to testis microsomes. No effect was
      demonstrated by this compound on hepatic cytochrome P-450 content. Treatment of
      animals with a phthalate ester not causing testicular atrophy (diethyl phthalate;
      DEP) produced no significant changes in any of the parameters measured. This
      effect on the enzymes responsible for androgen production may be important as a
      mechanism of action involved in the development of phthalate-induced testicular
      damage.

PMID- 6829052
TI  - Acid-citrate-dextrose-phosphoenolpyruvate medium as a rejuvenant for blood
      storage.
AB  - Stored, depleted RBC were rejuvenated with respect to their levels of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and P50 by acid-citrate
      dextrose perservatives containing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) without sucrose. The
      restorations of P50 and 2,3-DPG were dependent on the phosphoenolpyruvate
      concentration. Erythrocyte P50 and 2,3-DPG, even after treatment with these
      preservatives, decreased with increasing storage period, but the P50 and 2,3-DPG
      of five-week-old blood were still higher than the corresponding values of fresh
      blood. ATP concentration was also increased by treating stored blood with
      preservatives containing phosphoenolpyruvate, but the elevated ATP of five-week
      old blood was only about 50 percent of fresh blood. The ATP level could not be
      raised further by increasing phosphoenolpyruvate concentration but was improved
      by supplementation with adenine and nucleosides. Incubation of stored blood with
      15 mM phosphoenolpyruvate was sufficient to restore ATP, 2,3-DPG and P50 of three
      week-old blood to nearly normal. The results of these studies indicate that
      sucrose is not necessary for PEP to be effective as a preservative additive.

PMID- 6829053
TI  - Enhanced nonenzymatic glycosylation of blood proteins in stored blood.
AB  - Significantly enhanced nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin, plasma, and
      erythrocyte membrane proteins was demonstrated following storage of whole blood
      in the liquid state under conventional blood bank conditions. Among the blood
      components studied, the proteins of the erythrocyte membrane were mainly
      involved, although the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma proteins were
      also significantly increased. In contrast to the nonenzymatic glycosylation
      observed in vivo in patients with diabetes, the in vitro process is less
      intensive and most probably results in less functional alteration.

PMID- 6829054
TI  - Effect of microaggregate blood filtration on granulocyte concentrates in vitro.
AB  - To determine the effect of transfusing granulocyte concentrates through
      microaggregate blood filters, granulocytes prepared with a cell processor were
      passed through screen and depth microaggregate filters. Pre- and postfiltration
      evaluations were made of total granulocyte count, levels of muramidase,
      granulocyte viability, motility, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and
      hydrogen peroxide-forming capacity. Compared to prefiltration levels, a
      significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in postfiltration granulocyte counts was
      seen for all the depth filters studied but not for the standard 170 microns
      (control) or the 40 microns screen filter. For the various tests of granulocyte
      function evaluated prefiltration, no significant postfiltration differences (p
      greater than 0.05) were seen for any of the filters studied. Screen
      microaggregate filters retained only 1 to 3 percent of granulocytes contained in
      the concentrates, and thus appear satisfactory for use in clinical transfusions.
      The large percentage of neutrophils retained by the depth filters (20-62%),
      however, precludes their use for transfusion of granulocyte concentrates.

PMID- 6829056
TI  - Studies on the blood of an MiV/Mk proposita and her family.
AB  - An individual (J-1) was shown to be heterozygous for the MiV and Mk genes. Her
      red cells typed as M+(weak), N-, S-, s+(strong), U+, Hil+, Wr(a-b-), En(a+weak).
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of her red cell membranes revealed
      absence of PAS-staining bands corresponding to normal MN and Ss sialoglycoprotein
      (SGP), and presence of a hybrid MNSs SGP [(alpha-delta)MiV] similar but not
      identical to that reported for an MiV homozygote. However, J-1 cannot be
      homozygous for MiV since the red cells of two of her children are Hil- and s-,
      carry only a single dose of M antigen, and have a sialic acid content that is
      consistent with the presumption that they are Mk heterozygotes. J-1's hybrid MNSs
      SGP is considered to be gene-fusion product resulting from unequal crossover
      between a normal alpha M and delta gene, and her red cells lack that portion of
      the Ena antigen that is resistant to ficin. Her hybrid MNSs SGP differs,
      therefore, from that reported for the MiV homozygote, which probably arose from
      unequal crossover between alpha N and delta genes. Further, the red cells of the
      MiV homozygote carry the ficin-resistant Ena determinant.

PMID- 6829055
TI  - Leukocyte-depleted blood. A comparison of filtration techniques.
AB  - Febrile transfusion reactions due to leukoagglutinins are commonly seen in
      multitransfused patients. It has been suggested that reduction of the number of
      leukocytes per transfusion to 0.5 x 10(9) or less would prevent nonhemolytic
      febrile transfusion reactions in the majority of patients. Therefore, we have
      compared the ability of several filters to reduce the leukocyte content of stored
      whole blood drawn into citrate-phosphate-dextrose. The leukocyte absorption
      filters, Imugard IG500 and Erypur, produced 98.3 +/- 2.4 and 98.3 +/- 1.7 percent
      leukocyte depletion, respectively. The leukocyte adherence filter, Leuko-Pak,
      produced a depletion of 54.6 +/- 14.7 percent. The microaggregate filters,
      Biotest MF10B Microfiltration set, Ultipor Blood Transfusion Filter SQ40S, and
      Travenol 20 micron High Capacity Transfusion Filter, produced 37.5 +/- 10.8, 13.3
      +/- 11.2, and 44.5 +/- 11.3 percent leukocyte depletion, respectively. It would
      appear that of the filters tested, the Imugard IG500 and the Erypur are the only
      filters which can invariably reduce the absolute number of leukocytes in a unit
      of stored whole blood to below 0.5 x 10(9).

PMID- 6829057
TI  - Survival of MM red cells during hypothermia in two patients with anti-M.
AB  - The in vivo survival of M(M+N-) red cells in two patients with anti-M was studied
      during hypothermia. The antibodies were IgM, of low titer, and did not react at
      30 degrees C. 51Cr survival studies were performed using 2 ml of labeled blood.
      There was normal circulation of M(M+N-) cells at 37 degrees C and no accelerated
      loss of these cells at blood temperatures between 16 and 28 degrees C. One
      patient received 187 ml of MN (M+N +) red cells when the blood temperature was 25
      degrees C without evidence of clinical transfusion reactions and without
      development of positive direct anti-human globulin test. Hypothermia did not
      adversely affect the immediate survival of M(M+N-) red cells transfused to
      patients with anti-M antibodies reactive in vitro below 30 degrees C.

PMID- 6829058
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen. An evaluation of
      commercial test kits.
AB  - A commercial, licensed test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) based upon an
      enzyme-linked immunoassay principle was evaluated. The sensitivity, when tested
      under field conditions, was 0.65 and 0.9 ng/ml for ad and ay subtypes of HBsAg,
      respectively. Only 0.03 percent of 61,798 units of blood screened were reactive
      and specific for HBsAg while an additional 0.01% gave nonspecific
      (nonneutralizable) reactivity.

PMID- 6829060
TI  - The impact of adenine and inventory utilization decisions on blood inventory
      management.
AB  - The use of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine as an anticoagulant for whole blood
      increases the storage period permitted for whole blood and red cells from 21 to
      35 days. A simulation model was used to analyze the possible consequences for
      outdates and shortages of the addition of adenine. The model accepts as input (1)
      the maximum age (21 or 35 days), (2) parameters describing the demand and supply
      distributions, and (3) parameters describing inventory control (crossmatch
      recycle period, transfusion fraction, deviation from optimal target inventory
      levels). These parameters were varied over wide ranges, and a full factorial
      design was carried out. The observed shortage and outdate rates were then related
      (via multiple regression) to the parameter values. The resulting shortage and
      outdate functions indicated the effect of parameter changes, including extending
      the lifetime from 21 to 35 days, and the joint effect of changing more than one
      parameter. Conclusions indicate that, while the contribution of an increased
      lifetime to reducing shortages and outdates can be substantial, this contribution
      can be easily dissipated by relaxing the tightness of other inventory management
      controls.

PMID- 6829061
TI  - A case of polyagglutination with features of Th and Tk activation associated with
      an acquired B antigen.
AB  - A case is reported of polyagglutination with features of both Tk and Th
      activation associated with an acquired B antigen. Reactions with polybrene,
      Glycine soja, and Bandeiraea simplicifolia II indicated the presence of Tk
      activation. However, the reactivity of the patient's erythrocytes with Arachis
      hypogoea was greatly reduced by treatment with ficin, indicating the concomitant
      presence of Th activation.

PMID- 6829062
TI  - The effect of centrifugation time on cellular residues in fresh plasma.
AB  - Cellular residues were present in all fresh plasma prepared by a standard
      technique with centrifugation times of 5, 7, or 10 minutes. The amounts of
      cellular residues in the plasma were inversely proportional to the time of
      centrifugation. Platelet contamination was statistically different in the three
      times tested. In contrast, the residual amounts of erythrocytes and leukocytes
      were significantly different only when 5- and 10-minute centrifugation times were
      compared.

PMID- 6829064
TI  - Rejection of prospective blood donors due to systematic errors in hematocrit
      measurement.
AB  - Following a change from earstick to fingerstick hemoglobin estimations, donor
      deferrals increased from 8.8% to 13.6%. Coincident with the change to
      fingersticks, hematocrit measurement with miniature centrifuges was begun as the
      reference method to verify donor rejection by the copper sulfate test. A study of
      525 donors deferred for fingerstick hematocrits showed that 46.7% were deferred
      inappropriately as determined by venous hematocrit measurements. The difference
      between fingerstick and venous hematocrits persisted even after an intensive
      staff inservice on technique. In further studies, no significant difference was
      found between venous and fingerstick hematocrits measured on the same centrifuge,
      but there was a significant difference between measurements on the miniature
      centrifuges versus a standard laboratory microhematocrit centrifuge. This small
      error resulted in the loss of 3.8% of presenting donors during the study period.
      Hematocrit measurements have now been replaced by a fingerstick cyanmethemoglobin
      method.

PMID- 6829063
TI  - A quick and efficient way to pool platelets.
AB  - An easy and efficient method for pooling multiple platelet concentrates is
      presented. By adaption of a laboratory vacuum system, the process of pooling
      platelet units was significantly shortened without platelet loss. In our
      laboratory time study, the use of this pooling system resulted in time savings of
      27.5 percent and 35.9 percent during pooling of four-unit and six-unit platelet
      packs, respectively. Platelet loss by the vacuum method was not distinguishable
      from that of the hand method (p = 0.4 by two-sample t test).

PMID- 6829065
TI  - Platelet concentrate storage at 22 degrees C.

PMID- 6829066
TI  - Unusual specificity determined in a hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 6829059
TI  - Stability of red cell antigens and plasma coagulation factors stored in new
      formulation plastic blood containers.
AB  - The stability of red blood cell antigens and plasma coagulation factors stored in
      new plastic blood packs containing either citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) or
      citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-2) was studied. The containers were made
      of either polyolefin (PL 732TM) plastic without a plasticizer, or polyvinyl
      chloride with a non-diethylhexyl phthalate (non-DEHP) plasticizer (PL 1240). All
      studies were done in parallel using standard polyvinyl chloride (PL 146) bags
      containing DEPH plasticizer as controls. Red blood cell antigen scoring was
      performed for the A, B, c, D, K, Fya, Lea, Jka, M, and P antigens using cells
      obtained from both the blood container and tubing segments. Units of fresh frozen
      plasma and cryoprecipitate were prepared, and age and donor-matched sets of each
      of these blood components were stored in both test and control plastic
      containers. The red blood cell antigens showed no decrease in reactivity over 21
      (CPD) or 35 (CPDA-2) days of storage in either test plastic compared with
      controls. For fresh frozen plasma (factors V, VIII, IX) and cryoprecipitate
      (factor VIII) the factor activity found for the test plastics ranged from 94 to
      115 percent of that recorded for the age and donor-matched control plastic. The
      concentration of fibronectin found in cryoprecipitate stored in the test plastics
      averaged 90 to 99 percent of the activity found in PL 146 plastic. We conclude
      that the red blood cell antigens and coagulation factors tested remain stable in
      the plastic-anticoagulant combinations studied.

PMID- 6829067
TI  - Auto-anti-P reacting only by low-ionic-strength solutions in a patient with
      hemolysis.

PMID- 6829068
TI  - The storage of washed human erythrocytes in a protein-free medium.
AB  - Protein-free red blood cells were prepared by washing fresh citrate-phosphate
      dextrose anticoagulated whole blood and resuspending the cells in a medium
      containing saline, adenine, phosphate, and glucose (APG). The protein
      concentration in the APG medium was reduced to 0.0024 percent of the original
      plasma protein. The 24-hour red blood cell posttransfusion survival after 21 days
      of storage was 80 percent. Extracellular potassium concentrations were less than
      the CPD-plasma control after 21 days of storage. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
      concentrations were lower after storage in APG, but intracellular ATP was not
      closely associated with posttransfusion survival. Hemolysis was slightly
      increased in the APG group. There appear to be no insurmountable barriers to the
      use of protein-free media for the storage of washed red blood cells.

PMID- 6829069
TI  - Diego antibodies.

PMID- 6829070
TI  - Blood bank workload and staffing.

PMID- 6829072
TI  - Experience in Sweden with multiple bag blood collection.

PMID- 6829071
TI  - IgG: crossing the placenta.

PMID- 6829073
TI  - Effect of in vitro cyclosporin. A treatment on human natural and antibody
      dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Concentrations of 0.1 to 10.0 micrograms of cyclosporin A (Cy A) per ml do not
      directly inhibit the lysis of 51Cr-labeled K562 target cells by human peripheral
      blood natural killer (NK) cells nor of antibody-coated chicken red blood cells by
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effector cells. Pretreatment of
      effector cells with Cy A for 18 hr still failed to affect NK or ADCC effector
      function. However, induction of NK cell activity by overnight pretreatment of
      effector cells by polyinosinate-polycytidylate (PolyIC) is inhibited by as little
      as 1 micrograms of Cy A per ml. The mechanism of inhibition may involve a direct
      effect of Cy A on "induced" or "activated" NK cells or inhibition of the release
      of Poly IC-induced interferon from lymphocytes.

PMID- 6829074
TI  - Immunosuppressive effect of bredinin on cell-mediated and humoral immune
      reactions in experimental animals.
AB  - Bredinin (BR), an imidazole nucleoside isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum
      was previously reported to prolong kidney allograft survival in dogs. The
      immunosuppressive effect of BR was studied in experimental animals. In beagles,
      in vitro responses of lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens or allogeneic cells were
      suppressed by in vitro BR treatment. BR, given in vivo, also showed an inhibitory
      action against development of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tubercle
      bacilli in guinea pigs or against hemagglutinin production following booster SRBC
      injection in rabbits. Of note may be the fact that BR was found to have an
      immunosuppressive potency comparable to that of azathioprine and, in addition, to
      show a decreased hepatotoxicity compared with the latter.

PMID- 6829077
TI  - [Protein composition of the mucous secretion of the intermediate zone of the
      glandular stomach in normal chickens and in chickens with avitaminosis A].

PMID- 6829075
TI  - [Acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats who received a tryptophan load and
      were kept on a protein-free diet].
AB  - Crystalline preparations of acid-soluble collagen of rat skin in norm and with
      tryptophan load against a background of the protein-free diet were fractionated
      by differential salting out using NaCl in concentrations corresponding to
      precipitation zones of collagen 1,3 and 4. Amino acid composition,
      electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel, profiles of elution from CM
      cellulose, content of the carbohydrate component and--S--S-bonds were studied in
      proteins of the mentioned fractions and in the precipitate insoluble after the
      pepsin action. Essential differences as compared to the normal level in the amino
      acid composition and elution profiles were detected in the fraction corresponding
      to collagen I. Quantitative changes in the carbohydrate component and--S--S-bonds
      occur due to the fraction inaccessible to the persin action.

PMID- 6829076
TI  - [Amino acid composition and peptide maps of udder and serum albumins in lactating
      and nonlactating cows].
AB  - Amino acids and peptides of albumin hydrolyzates from the mammary gland and blood
      serum were studied for lactating and nonlactating (dry, pregnant 1-4.5 and 4.5-9
      months) black-and-white cows. Most pronounced difference between the content of
      certain amino acids of the mammary gland and blood serum albumins are established
      for lactating cows and least pronounced for nonlactating dry cows. Dactylography
      detected 55-57 fragments of products resulted from trypsin hydrolysis of the
      mammary gland and blood serum albumins of the animals under study. Differences
      are found in the content and mobility of certain peptides.

PMID- 6829078
TI  - [Glycogen content and phosphorylase activity in various muscles of rats and
      gophers during hypothermia, metabolic heating and hibernation].
AB  - Hypothermia (30 and 20 degrees C) of rats and gophers did not decrease the level
      of glycogen and did not change the activity of phosphorylase in musculus
      masseter, musculus gastrocnemius, musculus soleus. In musculus trapezius of rats
      the content of glycogen decreased by 34.5% under cooling down to 30 degrees and
      by 59.5% under cooling down to 20 degrees. A fall in muscular glycogen was
      observed under self-heating of rats and gophers after 20 degrees hypothermia and
      especially in awakening from hibernation. The portion of phosphorylase a
      increased in muscular tissues of gophers during a three-month hibernation (10-12
      degrees) and awakening.

PMID- 6829079
TI  - [Effect of L-thyroxine on the content of carbohydrate components of glycoproteins
      in the liver of thyroidectomized rats].
AB  - The content of glycoproteins carbohydrate components in rat liver subcellular
      elements was studied as affected by thyroidectomy and administration of L
      thyroxin different doses. It is established that thyroidectomy causes a
      significant decrease in the level of all carbohydrate components of glycoproteins
      in the liver subcellular elements. Their content gradually normalizes under L
      thyroxin administration. The time needed for the normalization of glycoproteins
      and their components in the liver subcellular elements depends on the dose and
      duration of the hormone administration.

PMID- 6829080
TI  - [Membrane potential during Ca++ transport and AMP deamination in vesicles of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - Transport of Ca2+ to vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent
      removal by AMP is accompanied by fluorescence intensification and quenching,
      respectively, of the charged potentially-dependent probes of 1-anilino-8
      naphthalenesulphonate and 3,3'-dipropilthiodicarbocyanin as well as 4
      dimethylaminochalcone responding to conformation changes in membranes. The
      transmembrane electrophoretic distribution of synthetic fat-soluble ions of
      phenyldicarboundecaborane and tetraphenylphosphonium during Ca2+ accumulation is
      characterized by uptake of phenyldicarboundecaborane with the subsequent removal
      by protonophore of m-cholorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone or AMP; the uptake of
      tetraphenylphosphonium is absent. This testifies to the fact that the Ca2+
      transport in vesicles is accompanied by the formation of a membrane potential
      with a positive sign inside the vesicles.

PMID- 6829081
TI  - [Polyamine contents in the brain and liver of rats during acclimatization to the
      cold].
AB  - The content of polyamines, spermidine and spermine in the brain and liver was
      studied in rats during acclimation to cold for 45 days. In the brain the amount
      of spermidine after one and three days does not change, on the 7th and 15th day
      it decreases and by the end of acclimation returns to the control value. The
      content of spermine lowers by 29% by the third day of acclimation and on the 7th
      day returns to the initial level and does not change up to it end. In the liver
      the amount of spermidine rises significantly on the third day of acclimation,
      returns to the control level on the 7th day and then its amount falls. The
      content of spermine is increased in all period of acclimation and only by the
      45th day it returns to its initial level.

PMID- 6829082
TI  - [Glutaminase activity of the brain during metabolic heating after hypothermia].
AB  - It is found that changes induced by moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) in the
      brain tissue glutaminase activity and its temperature dependence are not removed
      after self-heating up to the body temperature of 37 degrees C. Self-heating after
      deep hypothermia (20 degrees C) causes a considerable increase in the brain
      tissues glutaminase activity at all studied incubation temperatures (37, 30, 20
      and 10 degrees C) as compared to control rats and rats under hypothermia. The
      increase in the brain tissue glutaminase activity during self-heating of cooled
      animals may be considered as a compensatory reaction under conditions of a higher
      utilization of glutamate by the brain.

PMID- 6829083
TI  - [Polymorphism of skin lactate dehydrogenase in various species of domestic
      animals].

PMID- 6829085
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium in sportsmen during physical exercise].
AB  - Acid-base balance in venous blood of basketball players was studied under
      specific loadings of various intensity by means of the micro-Astrup device. It is
      established that under acyclic loadings (throwing the ball into the basket) the
      state of metabolic acidosis is developed in the sportsmen and the more intensive
      the work, the higher the degree of the state of metabolic acidosis. The
      efficiency of actions of the persons examined was in inverse dependence on the
      degree of metabolic disturbances, i.e. the least efficiency was marked under the
      most profound acidosis.

PMID- 6829084
TI  - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the activity of the liver glutathione
      antioxidative system and the activity of serum aminotransferase in rats during
      tetrachloromethane poisoning].
AB  - The activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase in the liver as
      well as of glutamate-pyruvate, and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase in blood
      serum were studied in rats which were injected tetrachloromethane in a dose of
      1.04 mmol per 100 g mass for seven days. Tetrachloromethane poisoning is
      accompanied by a considerable decrease in the glutathione peroxidase activity in
      the liver and an increase in the aminotransferase activity in the blood serum.
      Additional administration of 20 and 30 mg of L-tocopherol per 100 g of mass
      prevents a tetrachloromethane-induced decrease in the activity of glutathione
      peroxidase in the liver and somewhat normalizes the activity of glutamate
      pyruvate and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase in the blood serum. Possible
      mechanisms of the alpha-tocoferol protective action are under discussion.

PMID- 6829086
TI  - [Problems of urodynamics and surgical treatment in duplication of the upper
      urinary tract in children].

PMID- 6829087
TI  - [Central hemodynamics and cardiac dynamics in urolithiasis complicated by kidney
      failure].

PMID- 6829088
TI  - [Inflammatory diseases of the male genitalia in chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 6829090
TI  - [Sequential ultrafiltration with hemodialysis in treating chronic kidney
      failure].

PMID- 6829091
TI  - [Effect of separate ultrafiltration on hemodynamics].

PMID- 6829089
TI  - [Basic results and tasks of the scientific research and practical activities of
      Soviet urologists].

PMID- 6829092
TI  - [Therapeutic action of Java tea and field horsetail in uric acid diathesis].

PMID- 6829093
TI  - [Changes in capillary resistance in diffuse kidney lesions].

PMID- 6829094
TI  - [Right ureteroplasty using the vermiform appendix].

PMID- 6829095
TI  - [Cancer of the L-shaped kidney].

PMID- 6829096
TI  - [M. M. Krasnov's caffeine therapy in treating ciliochoroidal detachment (an
      experimental-clinical study)].

PMID- 6829099
TI  - [Posterior chamber reinforcement with an extrapupillary iris lens (the Saturn
      model)].

PMID- 6829100
TI  - [Anterior vitrectomy in primary eye injuries and the sequelae of penetrating
      wounds].

PMID- 6829097
TI  - [Coefficient of eye rigidity in the light of repeated measurements].

PMID- 6829098
TI  - [Effect of sodium oxybutyrate on visual functions and blood oxygenation in
      glaucoma].

PMID- 6829101
TI  - [Ultrasonic echography in intraocular foreign bodies].

PMID- 6829102
TI  - [Use of alloamnion in high progressive myopia].

PMID- 6829103
TI  - [Irvine-Gass postoperative maculopathy syndrome].

PMID- 6829107
TI  - [Method of preoperative marking of the main meridians of the astigmatic eye].

PMID- 6829104
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of Leber's amaurosis and its place in the structure of
      blindness and amblyopia in children].

PMID- 6829105
TI  - [Morphohistochemical and biophysical studies of experimental hemophthalmos].

PMID- 6829106
TI  - [Paradoxical reactions in photostress].

PMID- 6829108
TI  - [Prospects for the development and manufacture of an apparatus for studying the
      visual field].

PMID- 6829109
TI  - [Valve trabeculotomy in treating glaucoma].

PMID- 6829110
TI  - [Late results after scleranguloreconstruction in open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 6829111
TI  - [Disorders of the protective-adaptive mechanism of the ear as a result of noise].

PMID- 6829114
TI  - [Differential approach to genetic prognosis for progeny in cases of sporadic
      sensorineural deafness in children].

PMID- 6829112
TI  - [Otomycoses in childhood].

PMID- 6829113
TI  - [Use of lysozyme for the correction of nonspecific resistance of the body in
      patients scheduled for tympanoplasty].

PMID- 6829115
TI  - [Deontology and ethics in otorhinolaryngological practice].

PMID- 6829116
TI  - [Prevention of post-intubation complications in acute stenosing laryngotracheitis
      in children].

PMID- 6829118
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of laryngocele].

PMID- 6829117
TI  - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of residual and recurrent tumors of
      the larynx after a complete course of radiotherapy].

PMID- 6829119
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the changes in the vocal muscles in patients
      with median laryngeal stenosis].

PMID- 6829120
TI  - [Dispensary treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 6829121
TI  - [Hemostasis during tonsillectomy and prevention of postoperative bleeding].

PMID- 6829122
TI  - [Effect of tonsillectomy on the physical development of children].

PMID- 6829123
TI  - [Effect on the transport function of ciliated epithelium of various forms of
      drugs used for the treatment of rhinitis].

PMID- 6829124
TI  - [Peroral specific hyposensitization of children with pollinosis].

PMID- 6829125
TI  - [Chordoma of the larynx].

PMID- 6829127
TI  - [Malignant paraganglioma of the larynx].

PMID- 6829126
TI  - [Myxoid fibroma of the larynx with malignant transformation].

PMID- 6829128
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the nasal cavity and orbit].

PMID- 6829129
TI  - [Gunshot wound of the orbit and maxillary sinus with foreign body fixation in the
      pterygopalatine fossa].

PMID- 6829130
TI  - [Necrotic epitympanitis complicated by facial nerve paralysis and labyrinthitis].

PMID- 6829131
TI  - [Branchiogenic cyst of the neck].

PMID- 6829133
TI  - Detection of pregnancy in ewe lambs by A-mode ultrasound.
AB  - The objectives of the study were to determine the time required to learn the
      detection of pregnancy using a technique of A-mode ultrasound and then to test
      the method on a commercial flock of 181 ewe lambs. Nine-and-a-half hours were
      spent learning the technique. The trial on the commercial flock showed that of
      113 ewe lambs which produced offspring 98 were correctly predicted as pregnant
      and 15 were wrongly predicted as not pregnant. Of 68 ewe lambs which did not
      produce offspring 47 were correctly predicted as not pregnant and 21 were wrongly
      predicted as pregnant. The practicalities of the technique and the consequences
      of the test errors are discussed.

PMID- 6829132
TI  - [Auditory threshold adaptation in radicular and central hearing disorders at
      different levels].

PMID- 6829135
TI  - Campylobacter isolations from household dogs.

PMID- 6829134
TI  - Method for the isolation of Aspergillus species pathogens of fish from clinical
      materials.

PMID- 6829136
TI  - Clostridium sordellii in enteritis in an adult sheep.

PMID- 6829137
TI  - Bacteria in enteric lesions of cattle.
AB  - Thirty-nine species of bacteria were isolated from or demonstrated in the
      abomasal and small and large intestinal mucosa of 23 adult cattle and 41 calves
      and identified. The bacteria isolated were related to the gross and microscopical
      lesions. Campylobacters, Clostridium perfringens type A, C sordellii,
      Actinobacillus lignieresii, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Mycobacterium
      paratuberculosis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli were all associated
      with specific lesions. The relationship of other bacteria such as Bacillus
      licheniformis, Branhamella catarrhalis and Bacteroides vulgatus to lesions in
      which they were found was discussed. It was concluded that some of the bacteria
      could be responsible for the lesions in which they were found. However, proof of
      this supposition could only be obtained by experimental infections of non-immune
      cattle with pure cultures.

PMID- 6829140
TI  - Incidence of hypocupraemia in cattle in the east Midlands.
AB  - Serum copper values were determined on composite samples from cattle herds in the
      Midland counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. Sampling took
      place over a period of 17 months and the results indicate that hypocupraemia
      existed in many herds. The lowest values were found in heifer group samples and
      the lowest of these was found in Derbyshire. The geographical and management
      factors which may affect the copper status of herds in this area are discussed.

PMID- 6829138
TI  - Alphaxalone/alphadolone anaesthesia in reptiles.
AB  - The use of alphaxalone/alphadolone in 40 reptiles of 13 species is described. In
      lizards and chelonians the effect of the drug combination varied from sedation to
      deep anaesthesia, depending on the dose. For other reasons, the effect in snakes
      varied, from none at all to deep anaesthesia. No fatalities occurred and there
      were no apparent clinical side effects in healthy reptiles. The results are
      discussed and attention is drawn to the apparently equivocal results in snakes.

PMID- 6829139
TI  - Adverse drug interactions of importance in veterinary practice.
AB  - Multiple drug therapy is often used in veterinary practice; occasionally,
      inappropriate combinations of drugs may be administered which interact to produce
      adverse responses. Such interactions may occur in vitro because of physically or
      chemically incompatible drugs having been mixed before administration or in vivo.
      A number of important in vitro incompatibilities concerning parenteral drugs are
      tabulated, consideration having been given both to problems attending the use of
      intravenous fluids as vehicles for their administration and to incompatibilities
      between the drugs themselves. Interactions which occur in vivo are also examined;
      these have been grouped according to the various mechanisms by which they occur.

PMID- 6829141
TI  - Hypomagnesaemia in periparturient dairy cows.

PMID- 6829142
TI  - Sensitivity of Moraxella bovis in vitro to miconazole nitrate.

PMID- 6829143
TI  - Epitheliogenesis imperfecta and gonadal malformation in pumas (Felis concolor).

PMID- 6829144
TI  - Firing of horses.

PMID- 6829145
TI  - Campylobacter excretion in canine feces.

PMID- 6829146
TI  - Canine euthanasia.

PMID- 6829149
TI  - Blood types of twin cattle after embryo transfer to inseminated recipients.
AB  - The blood types, together with erythrocyte and plasma protein types were
      determined in 10 pairs of twins born after embryo transfer to the contralateral
      uterine horns of previously inseminated recipients. These estimations were
      carried out at the age of nine weeks. According to the haemolytic test, most of
      these pairs of twins had identical blood types, ie, no erythrocyte mosaic could
      be demonstrated and the blood type corresponded to that of the recipient's calf.
      In the cases where mosaicism could be demonstrated, the recipient calf's blood
      type predominated. The reason for this bias remains unclear although the
      suggestion that the recipient's calf had developed further and was thus able to
      influence the haematopoietic tissues of its co-twin is worth considering.

PMID- 6829147
TI  - Head tilt in Tibetan terrier puppies.

PMID- 6829150
TI  - Oxolinic acid for control of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout.

PMID- 6829148
TI  - Aquaculture worldwide.
AB  - Aquaculture is defined and global production statistics are given in comparison
      with the total catch of wild fish. Special emphasis is placed upon the
      considerable diversity of aquaculture in terms of the various species farmed, the
      husbandry systems adopted, the varying degrees of control exercised over the life
      cycle, and the existence of culture-based fisheries, etc. Current trends in
      aquaculture include more intensive production methods and a better understanding
      of dietary needs, together with stock improvements stemming from research into
      fish genetics, health and rearing novel aquatic species.

PMID- 6829151
TI  - Neuronal storage disease in English springer spaniels.

PMID- 6829152
TI  - Mycoplasma canadense from bovine fetuses.

PMID- 6829153
TI  - Pneumonic pasteurellosis in housed, weaned, single suckled calves.

PMID- 6829154
TI  - Treatment of aspergillosis in raptors.

PMID- 6829155
TI  - Management, nutrition and housing of farmed fish.
AB  - To obtain optimum production in fish farming the oxygen level, pH and temperature
      of the water are important as well as proper feeding. Various systems ranging
      from extensive to intensive are used for holding fish. In the UK salmonid fish
      are farmed most commonly. The different methods used for farming carp, turbot,
      eels and shellfish as well as trout and salmon are described.

PMID- 6829156
TI  - Combined effect of levamisole and organophosphorus compounds on calves.

PMID- 6829158
TI  - Penicillins and natural defence mechanisms.

PMID- 6829157
TI  - Key-Gaskell syndrome.

PMID- 6829159
TI  - Systemic control of pig mange.

PMID- 6829160
TI  - Fertilisation and embryonic survival rates in dairy cows culled as repeat
      breeders.
AB  - Seventy-three Friesian dairy cows culled as repeat breeders were slaughtered
      three to six, 16 to 19 or 40 to 49 days after insemination to establish
      fertilisation and embryo survival rates. Fertilisation rate following a single
      insemination was 72 per cent. The estimated embryo survival rates for days 16 to
      ?19 and 40 to 49 were 67 per cent and 76 per cent, respectively. The previous
      breeding history of the cows showed that only eight (11 per cent) had
      consistently regular returns (18 to 24 days) to service. Fifty-three (75 per
      cent) had a combination of both long and short returns to service. Before service
      on experiment, 64 (89 per cent) cows had regular cycles and the six cows which
      repeated from the 40 to 49 days group, five (83 per cent) had regular return
      intervals. It is suggested that errors in oestrus detection contribute
      substantially to the problem of repeated returns to service of dairy cows in
      Ireland.

PMID- 6829162
TI  - PSIS: Poison Substance Information System, a proposal.
AB  - The formation of a Poison Substance Information System (PSIS) using existing
      computer databases is proposed. This would be an inquiry/response search system
      using interactive data communications. Chemical codes are the essential data
      elements that link the databases. Product codes allow easy and accurate end-user
      access to the system. Ten component databases are described. Two of these form
      the core of any PSIS, the other eight are of a type that can be attached to the
      system. Some of the databases need modification so that they can be used in the
      PSIS. For the most part, the modifications provide a natural extension of the
      database's capability and would not be done solely for the purpose of
      incorporating the databases into the PSIS. It is concluded that information is
      available in existing databases, and it is possible, with some modification, to
      link them into a comprehensive online poison information retrieval system.

PMID- 6829161
TI  - Simple technique for the direct isolation of toxoplasma tissue cysts from fetal
      ovine brain.
AB  - A simple technique is described for the isolation of Toxoplasma gondii tissue
      cysts from fetal ovine brain by centrifugation on a discontinuous density
      gradient of 30 per cent and 90 per cent Percoll (colloidal silica solution).
      Brain samples from 51 aborted ovine fetuses were examined by both the Percoll and
      mouse inoculation techniques; eight infections were detected by the Percoll
      technique compared to 12 by mouse inoculation. Possible reasons for this
      discrepancy and the scope for improving the Percoll technique are discussed.

PMID- 6829163
TI  - Serum changes and histologic liver lesions due to experimental ingestion of
      ragwort (Senecio erraticus) in sheep.
AB  - Eight 1-year-old Romney-Marsh female sheep were used to test the effect of
      Senecio erraticus (ragwort). Animals were fed for 60 days on a standard diet
      incorporating 20% dried ground ragwort. Morphology of the livers was studied by
      serial biopsy and function by changes in plasma bilirubin concentration, the half
      life of bromosulphthalein (BSP), and by the activity of glutamate dehydrogenasa
      (GD) in plasma during and after Senecio ingestion. All sheep had an increase in
      bilirubin concentration and GD activity in their plasma and in BSP half-life.
      These values returned to normal 30 days after ragwort ingestion ceased.
      Histological studies showed Kupffer cell hypertrophy, fatty degeneration and
      megalocytosis. These lesions almost disappeared 60 days after stopping Senecio
      ingestion.

PMID- 6829164
TI  - Reversal of propranolol and verapamil toxicity by calcium.
AB  - Because of the increasing use of propranolol and verapamil in combination, a
      study of their interaction was conducted. In rabbits, propranolol given IV at 1
      mg/kg followed by an IV infusion of verapamil at 0.1 mg/kg/min for 15 min caused
      profound hypotension, bradycardia, A-V block, and death in less than 1 h in each
      of 30 animals. In rabbits treated with propranolol and verapamil as above,
      calcium chloride (300 mg/kg) given IV immediately after verapamil infusion
      restored blood pressure and cardiac conduction to normal but the heart rate
      remained slow; all 12 animals survived. In miniature swine under sodium
      pentobarbital anesthesia, propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) and verapamil (0.5 mg/kg) IV
      produced the same physiological changes and death within 15 min in each of eight
      animals. Calcium chloride given at 150 mg/kg to miniature swine after propranolol
      and verapamil injections prevented death of each of the five animals; blood
      pressure and the electrocardiogram were restored to normal, although bradycardia
      persisted. In mice, the IP LD50 value of propranolol HCl, which is 80 +/- 2.7
      mg/kg, was decreased to 10 mg/kg when the drug was given in combination with
      verapamil HCl at an IP dose of 3 mg/kg, which is less than 1/10 of its LD50.
      Deaths occurred within minutes and were preceded by convulsions. Pretreatment of
      mice with calcium chloride (600 mg/kg, IV) prevented death due to the combination
      of propranolol and verapamil. The data indicate that verapamil enhances the
      toxicity of propranolol and that calcium can antagonize this effect.

PMID- 6829165
TI  - Rat mutant cells showing temperature sensitivity for transformation by wild-type
      Moloney murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - To clarify the cellular target(s) of onc gene products of Moloney murine sarcoma
      virus (Mo-MSV), we isolated seven mutant cells that exhibit temperature
      sensitivity for transformation by wild-type Mo-MSV from Fischer rat cell line.
      Five strains of these mutant cells showed normal virus production at the
      nonpermissive temperature when infected with Mo-MSV, suggesting that viral
      replication is not affected by these cellular mutations. Four of these mutants
      were also temperature sensitive (ts) for transformation by Kirsten murine sarcoma
      virus (Ki-MSV), whereas the other three mutants were not ts, suggesting that our
      mutants isolated with Mo-MSV can be divided into two classes as regards
      temperature sensitivity to transformation by Ki-MSV.

PMID- 6829168
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities and perspectives of non-directed liver biopsies.
      Experience and results from 1037 examinations].

PMID- 6829167
TI  - A variant of western equine encephalitis virus with nonglycosylated E3 protein.
AB  - A variant clone (At/A125) of western equine encephalitis virus was isolated from
      a line of mosquito cells persistently infected with a temperature-sensitive
      parent strain, A125. Variant-infected cells produced an altered form of PE2
      protein which migrated with a higher electrophoretic mobility than wild type or
      A125 PE2. The altered PE2, like PE2 of wild type, was precipitated by anti
      envelope proteins serum but not by anti-E1 serum. In pulse-chase experiments the
      altered PE2 protein was shown to yield E2 of normal electrophoretic mobility in
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The unglycosylated form of the altered
      PE2 synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin migrated at the same position as
      the unglycosylated PE2 obtained from tunicamycin-treated, parent strain-infected
      cells. This suggested that migration difference might be ascribable to incomplete
      glycosylation of PE2, possibly of its E3 component. E3 is released into culture
      fluid of wild-type-infected cells as an approximately 11-kd glycoprotein, while
      variant-infected culture fluid yielded a smaller, apparently virus-specific
      protein. The protein could not be labeled with [3H]mannose, suggesting that the
      polypeptide moiety of E3 in the variant infected cells failed to be glycosylated.
      The parent strain, A125, and a revertant of the variant, At/A125/rev, did not
      synthesize such altered PE2 and E3 proteins. The growth of At/A125 in mosquito
      cells was similar to that of parent or wild type but depressed in vertebrate
      cells.

PMID- 6829166
TI  - Entry of murine retrovirus into mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - We have studied the entry of murine retrovirus into mouse fibroblasts by
      following the fate of both radioactively (protein) labeled virus particles and
      infectious virus particles. Physical and infectious particles bound to the cell
      surface with a half time of 1.5-2 hr. Both types of particles were internalized
      with a half time of approximately 3 hr as measured by the resistance to
      externally added proteases. The binding proceeded both at 37 and 0 degrees,
      whereas the internalization was blocked at 0 degrees. The internalized physical
      particles followed two routes: they either were degraded or remained stable in
      the cell. Degradation was blocked by lysosomotropic bases and is therefore
      believed to occur in the lysosomes. Infection could also be inhibited by
      lysosomotropic bases when present in the first hours after the internalization,
      indicating that the infectious route also is leading through the lysosomes or
      another acidic compartment of the cell.

PMID- 6829169
TI  - [Preparation of native granulocyte concentrates and their evaluation in vitro and
      in vivo].

PMID- 6829170
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa from the viewpoint of the internist].

PMID- 6829171
TI  - [Medullary cancer of the thyroid and its less frequent histologic variants].

PMID- 6829173
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome].

PMID- 6829174
TI  - [Osteomalacia].

PMID- 6829172
TI  - [The intracardiac electrogram in the Romano-Ward syndrome].

PMID- 6829175
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis].

PMID- 6829176
TI  - [HLA problems and the transfusion service].

PMID- 6829177
TI  - [Clinical possibilities of the use of the transfer factor].

PMID- 6829178
TI  - [The changing character of medical diagnosis].

PMID- 6829179
TI  - Perturbations of granulocyte counts induced by procedural, chemical and
      physiological events occurring during filtration leukapheresis in rats.
AB  - During filtration leukapheresis a factor(s) is produced, released or extracted
      into rat blood which causes a transient granulocytosis in pheresed animals and in
      recipients of homologous plasma from these animals. To identify which factors
      contribute to this granulocytosis, the procedural steps involved in filtration
      leukapheresis as well as a number of chemical agents which are potentially
      extracted from of produced by the procedure, were tested for their ability to
      stimulate granulocytosis. Procedural steps tested included the depth of
      anesthesia, effect of the anticoagulant and possible interactions of blood cells
      with the plastic tubing in the system (sham-pheresis). Chemical agents tested
      included common mediators of inflammation and proteinases released by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), extracts of nylon fibers and Tygon tubing,
      nylon monomers and solvents used in the manufacture of nylon, oxidized and
      decomplemented plasma and lysates of PMNs or microorganisms. Our findings
      demonstrate that several of these agents contribute to the granulocytosis seen
      during filtration leukapheresis of rats.

PMID- 6829180
TI  - Simulation analysis of platelet production and inventory management.
AB  - To maximize the availability of platelet concentrates (PC) and minimize their
      outdate, competing criteria, a computer simulation model of platelet production
      and distribution was developed. Based on 2 years of actual platelet orders placed
      with a regional blood center, the simulation program generated daily platelet
      orders, and also calculated mean demand and standard deviation of demand for each
      day of the week. The number of PC to be produced on a given day was calculated
      from: PC to be produced = (mean demand for that day of the week) + Tx (standard
      deviation of demand for that day of the week)-(PC in inventory on the given day),
      where T is a selected multiple of the standard deviation. As T increases,
      availability is maximized, but outdating is expected to increase. Conversely,
      lower T is associated with less availability, but lower outdate. At the simulated
      platelet demand level (about 735 PC per week), with 3-day platelet storage life,
      99% availability is associated with 1% outdate and distribution of PC of less
      than 1 day average age. 100% availability, with no outdate is predicted for a 5
      day storage life, with no further improvement in logistics with 7-day storage
      life, at this level of demand. Although logistics of platelet production and
      distribution vary from center to center, the simulation analysis is generally
      applicable, and a formal plan has the great advantage of predictive, rather than
      reactive, platelet production.

PMID- 6829181
TI  - Platelet function after shipment of room temperature platelet concentrates.
AB  - Platelet concentrates stored for 48 or 72 h were shipped up to 10 h at 22 or 4
      degrees C. Thereafter platelet function was compared with platelet concentrates
      stored under optimal blood bank conditions with continuous agitation and strict
      temperature control. Platelet function measured by hypotonic shock response,
      aggregation and serotonin uptake is better maintained at 22 than at 4 degrees C.
      The only difference between shipping and continuous agitation is seen in the
      hypotonic shock response after a total storage time of 72 h. Shipped platelets
      showed a marked drop in hypotonic-shock response. The data indicate that shipment
      of platelet concentrates does not significantly impair platelet function.

PMID- 6829182
TI  - Acceleration of coagulation by spectrin-free erythrocytic vesicles. Evidence for
      lipid flip-flop during vesicle formation.
AB  - Spectrin-free erythrocytic vesicles isolated from outdated liquid-preserved blood
      samples show a distinct increase of the clot-promoting activity compared with
      membrane phospholipid equivalents of intact erythrocytes. We suppose that, among
      other remodelling processes, local spectrin detachment from the inner membrane
      surface may trigger a flip-flop-mediated disturbance of the membrane lipid
      asymmetry. The interactions of spectrin with the cytoplasmic membrane surface
      seem to be essential for the structural membrane integrity including the lipid
      asymmetry.

PMID- 6829184
TI  - How many people become carriers after infection with HBV?

PMID- 6829185
TI  - Ata (August) and El (Eldr) are synonymous.

PMID- 6829186
TI  - Monoclonal anti-A and anti-B on Groupamatic.

PMID- 6829183
TI  - Preparation of leukocyte-free platelets for transfusion by filtration through
      cotton wool.
AB  - Filtration through Imugard filters of random platelet concentrates or platelets
      obtained by plateletpheresis allow the preparation of leukocyte-free platelets
      for transfusion. The procedure is simple and determines only a small platelet
      loss (less than 10%). Filtered platelets seem to function normally in vivo. The
      use of leukocyte-free red cell and platelet transfusions for the support of
      patients suffering from leukemia or aplastic anemia could prevent major
      complications, such as refractoriness to platelet transfusion and to bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 6829187
TI  - Study of a family with a variant M antigen.
AB  - Anti-M antibody was found in the serum of a 64-year-old woman during a routine
      pre-operative screen. Her red cell type was MN but the antibody was shown not to
      be an autoantibody. Blood tests were run on other members of her family, and it
      was found that her sister's red cells, also type MN, were not agglutinated by the
      patient's IgM antibody. Chemical studies are reported on the red cell surface
      glycoproteins of the patient and 2 family members. This red cell variant is
      compared with previous reports of Ma and is believed to be a further example of
      this blood type.

PMID- 6829188
TI  - Intracoronary thrombolytic (streptokinase) therapy of acute myocardial infarction
      in a community hospital; report of eleven consecutive cases.

PMID- 6829190
TI  - Comparative profiles of rural and urban family physicians ... based upon 100
      graduates of the University of Wisconsin family practice residency programs.

PMID- 6829189
TI  - The normal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in the Madison, Wisconsin area.

PMID- 6829191
TI  - [Dimensions of similarity judgment for rectangles].

PMID- 6829192
TI  - [Multivariate relationship analysis of personality, speech and EEG].

PMID- 6829193
TI  - [The aggression judgment as a function of the amount of damage and reasons for
      excuse].

PMID- 6829194
TI  - [Evoked potentials in the recognition of words].

PMID- 6829195
TI  - [Ergotism-like reaction to drug- and nicotine abuse].

PMID- 6829196
TI  - [Carcinoma verrucosum].

PMID- 6829197
TI  - [Psychogenic purpura].
AB  - A 27 year old women revealed chronic relapsing, spontaneously developing
      hematomas without coagulopathy. The lesions were reproducible by intradermal
      injection of erythrocyte membranes as well as DNA. Positive test reactions could
      be elicited or suppressed by psychological influences on the patient. This case
      and similar reports in the literature raise the question whether Gardner-Diamond
      syndrome and the autosensitization to DNA are different entities.

PMID- 6829198
TI  - [Ashy-dermatosis--a case with spontaneous disappearance of the cutaneous
      lesions].
AB  - A 14-years-old girl suddenly developed typical dermal signs of ashy-dermatosis at
      the time of menarche. After one year, the signs began to fade and had disappeared
      completely two years later. The direct immunofluorescence and the ultrastructure
      resemble lichen planus. Endocrine factors may have played a part in the presented
      case, considering the sudden onset at the time of menarche.

PMID- 6829200
TI  - [Is pulmonary tuberculosis occurring frequently again?].

PMID- 6829199
TI  - [Public and Professional Melanoma Education. A german model for improved early
      detection of melanomas by journalistic methods--based on corrected views on
      melanoma and nevus].

PMID- 6829201
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of pneumonias].

PMID- 6829202
TI  - [Pneumologic emergencies].

PMID- 6829203
TI  - [Diagnostic methods in pneumology for general practice].

PMID- 6829204
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of a pathologic blood picture (1)].

PMID- 6829205
TI  - [Emergency in general medicine (42). Premature placenta discharge].

PMID- 6829206
TI  - [Vomiting in infancy. Differential diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 6829207
TI  - [Nuclear energy. Possibilities for proven lesions and unfounded fears].

PMID- 6829209
TI  - [Cataract extraction. Indications for current technics and postoperative
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 6829208
TI  - [Physical training and the sauna. Indications and contraindications from the
      internal medicine viewpoint].

PMID- 6829211
TI  - [Chronic pain conditions. Modern treatment of chronic pain states and tasks for
      the pain clinic].

PMID- 6829213
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the pathologic blood picture (2)].

PMID- 6829212
TI  - [Emergency in general medicine (43). Septic complications in implanted IUD].

PMID- 6829210
TI  - [Diabetic retinopathy. Appearance and treatment possibilities].

PMID- 6829214
TI  - [Tachyarrhythmias. Recent aspects of drug treatment].

PMID- 6829215
TI  - [Lonazolac-Ca in rheumatic diseases. Studies on its therapeutic effectiveness].

PMID- 6829216
TI  - Congenital elliptocytosis with red-cell cholinesterase defect: case report.

PMID- 6829217
TI  - Fusion of anterior cervical spine without rigid strut: case report.

PMID- 6829218
TI  - Emergency treatment of hypoglycemia in children.

PMID- 6829219
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of griseofulvin on the accumulation of antibody
      synthesizing cells].

PMID- 6829222
TI  - [Gorlin syndrome].

PMID- 6829221
TI  - [Experience with prophylactic examination of patients with chronic dermatoses at
      the regional skin and venereal disease dispensary].

PMID- 6829220
TI  - [Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on intradermal administration of pentacin].

PMID- 6829223
TI  - [Liver echinococcosis with metastatic skin cysts].

PMID- 6829224
TI  - [Verruciform skin tuberculosis].

PMID- 6829225
TI  - [Ectodermal dysplasia in a child].

PMID- 6829227
TI  - [Subungual melanoma of the right thumb].

PMID- 6829226
TI  - [Xeroderma pigmentosum].

PMID- 6829230
TI  - [Syphilis reinfection with unusual clinical manifestations].

PMID- 6829228
TI  - [Fulminating Furnier's gangrene].

PMID- 6829229
TI  - [Syphilitic aortitis].

PMID- 6829231
TI  - [A case of extragenital localization of hard chancre].

PMID- 6829232
TI  - [Results of the autoradiographic analysis of the mitotic cycle in different
      variants of lichen ruber planus].

PMID- 6829233
TI  - Relative heat tolerance of Indian Nali and Soviet Merino x Nali halfbred sheep to
      continuous 35 degrees and 40 degrees C temperature conditions.

PMID- 6829235
TI  - [Recession - the test of the occupational safety law].

PMID- 6829234
TI  - [Intermediary availability and utilizability of feed phosphorus in growing
      chickens. III. Influence of Ca:P proportions by weight].

PMID- 6829236
TI  - [The person with chronic kidney disease at work].

PMID- 6829237
TI  - [Technical risks and their acceptance by society].

PMID- 6829238
TI  - [Occupational medicine aspects of quinine production].

PMID- 6829240
TI  - [Progesterone and unconjugated estriol in amniotic fluid and serum in diabetic
      patients during induction of labor].
AB  - Progesterone and unconjugated estriol are radioimmunologically estimated in 42
      diabetic patients in amniotic fluid and serum during last weeks of pregnancy and
      in the course of oxytocin-induced parturition. As unconjugated estriol rises in
      progressing weeks of pregnancy progesterone remains unchanged in both
      investigated fluids. The quotient progesterone unconjugated estriol correlates
      with affection to labour. There is no statistically significant change in both
      steroid hormones during induced labour.

PMID- 6829239
TI  - [Energetic metabolism of the placenta and vascular blood flow as criteria for the
      choice of drugs in risk pregnancy--results of our investigations].
AB  - Object of this paper was to estimate the vascular resistances of the placenta and
      the lactate/pyruvate-quotient influenced by 8 and 40 mu/min orciprenaline and 320
      micrograms/min papaverine. 38 placentas were tested in extraorganic circulation.
      The content of lactic acid and pyruvic acid was determined in the perfusion
      solution flowing out of the umbilical vein. Pressure was registered with
      cymograph. Infusion of 8 micrograms/min orciprenaline diminishes the
      lactate/pyruvate-quotient and the vascular resistances. 40 micrograms/min
      orciprenaline causes spasm of placental vessels in the terminal phase of
      examination. In this group the processes of oxygenation were limited by the
      oxygen content in the perfusion solution. Papaverine turned the metabolism of the
      placenta to an anaerob way and the antispasmodic effect was shortlasting.-
      Therefore the drug effect results out of a metabolic and a spasmolytic component.
      In risk pregnancy there has to be considered in addition to the spasmolytic the
      metabolic effects, too.

PMID- 6829241
TI  - [Porphyria in pregnancy].
AB  - The report concerns two cases of pregnant women, one suffering from a acute
      photosensitive hepatic porphyria, the other suffering from a congenital
      erythropoietic porphyria. The course of pregnancies with porphyria, described in
      the literature, the interactions between pregnancy and porphyria, the influence
      of hormones and drugs, the indications for interruption of pregnancy, and
      problems of anesthesia are discussed.

PMID- 6829243
TI  - [Chronic hypertension and pregnancy].
AB  - Survey about the combination of chronic hypertension and pregnancy. In contrary
      to the definition usually used in pregnancy blood pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg
      (18,7/12,0 kPa) is defined as hypertension. The incidence rate of chronic
      hypertension in fertile women in 3 percent. Superimposed toxemia is the most
      common complication. Significant correlation exists between diastolic blood
      pressure and perinatal mortality and intrauterine growth retardation. Hemodynamic
      changes are characterized by elevated total peripheral resistance and decreased
      plasma volume. Initially cardiac output is elevated, but more and more decreased,
      if the hypertension has been manifesting for some time. In pregnancy there should
      be an etiologic differentiation. An intensive team work between physicians and
      obstetricians is necessary for therapy. Principles of treatment generally
      accepted are phases of physical inactivity and avoidance of an excessive increase
      of body weight. No salt restriction. The opinions about the necessity of
      normalization of blood pressure during pregnancy by drugs are controversial. The
      recommendations of administration of antihypertensive drugs seem to succeed,
      because in controlled studies there was a decreased perinatal mortality.

PMID- 6829242
TI  - [Obstetrics and gynecology in Ethiopia.--Experiences in practice and teaching at
      the University of Addis Ababa].
AB  - The authors give a brief survey about the situation of obstetrical and
      gynecological practices in Ethiopia and review their experiences and activities
      as lecturers and medical practitioners respectively in Gondar Medical College of
      the Addis Ababa University.--Effective improvements of the medical care and the
      development of health services in the country are hindered by the unimaginable
      lack of physicians caused by the feudal systems in the past for many centuries.-
      The first stage of education of doctors as well as the services in obstetrics and
      gynecology will be reported.

PMID- 6829245
TI  - [Risk of schizophrenic spectrum psychoses among the offspring of affected mothers
      and fathers (comparative epidemiologic study)].
AB  - Comparative epidemiological study in population of patients with schizophrenia in
      one of the Moscow regions revealed differential morbidity risk in posterity.
      Convincing proofs obtained showed sick children with schizophrenia prevalence in
      sick mothers, but not fathers' posterity. Such a conclusion on the representative
      populational material was made for the first time. The study showed the
      specificity of differential morbidity risk in control groups of patients with
      other disease entities analyzed. Different factors significance in so-called
      "maternal effect" manifestation are discussed.

PMID- 6829244
TI  - [Course and outcome of arterial hypertension after stroke].
AB  - Clinico-hemodynamic features as well as arterial hypertension outcome in 92
      patients with hypertensive disease accompanied by atherosclerosis and
      atherosclerotic hypertension, who had suffered acute stroke in arteria caroticus
      interna areas 0.5-19 years before were followed up for 6 years. The minimal
      number of lethal outcomes fell within the first 3 years after stroke when
      hyperkinetic circulation was seen in all the patients. The lethality increase
      caused by repeated strokes (4-5 years after the first stroke was connected with
      gradual development of cardiac muscle pathology manifested by cardiac rhythm
      disorders or coronary and cardiac insufficiency in the patients with hypertensive
      disease in conjunction with atherosclerosis. Regressive course of arterial
      hypertension occurred in the patients with atherosclerotic hypertension 2 years
      after stroke. The frequency of repeated strokes did not increase in these
      patients. The lethality caused by cardiac muscle infarction was not increasing in
      the post-stroke period.

PMID- 6829246
TI  - [Radioisotope (133Xe) inhalation method of determining regional cerebral blood
      flow].
AB  - The modern 133(Xe) inhalational method of regional blood flow evaluation is
      described first in the Soviet literature. Examples of brain blood flow studied in
      patients with brain vascular diseases are reviewed. The data obtained illustrate
      the method possibilities in diagnostical and clinical problems as well as in
      problems of affected brain regions blood supply and function accordance. The use
      of a safe method with 133(Xe) in regional brain blood supply study will help
      solving hemodynamic and brain function problems in health and disease.

PMID- 6829247
TI  - [Types of consciousness disorders in stroke].
AB  - The peculiarities of consciousness disturbances in 289 patients with grave brain
      stroke were studied. Eight informative clinical syndromes, including the
      awakeness level, brain stem reflex functions as well as vegetative-visceral
      functions were described. Two levels and eleven corresponding to them phases of
      damaged consciousness were singled out. The scale of quantitative estimation of
      each phase of the consciousness damage was established for practical use by the
      computer method of plural step by step regression; dynamics of phases was shown
      also.

PMID- 6829248
TI  - [Changes in cerebral hemodynamics in patients with vascular pathology in the late
      stages of radiation sickness treated with hyperbaric oxygenation].
AB  - Cerebral hemodynamic changes under hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) were studied in
      23 patients with brain vascular pathology in the late period of radiation-induced
      disease. The clinical improvement was observed in all the patients. The changes
      in hemodynamics and in neurological symptoms under HBO were not strictly mutually
      correlated.

PMID- 6829249
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment and preventive measures in the presence of initial
      manifestations of insufficient cerebral blood supply].
AB  - Electrophysiological, ultrasound, biochemical, and psychological studies in 222
      patients with initial manifestations of brain blood supply insufficiency (IMBBSI)
      are presented. A scheme for diagnostic, treatment and dispensary system is
      offered, principles of IMBBSI therapy are given into account. IMBBSI
      differentiated treatment leads to steady disappearance of its clinical
      manifestations in 28.3% of patients and to significant improvement in 58,1% (the
      last group of patients needs supporting therapy).

PMID- 6829251
TI  - [Differential clinico-xray diagnosis of pneumonia and thromboembolism of the
      pulmonary arteries in patients with acute cerebral vascular lesions].
AB  - The results of clinical and radiological examination of 363 patients with acute
      brain vascular diseases are analyzed. The underlying disease was complicated by
      pneumonia in 50 (13,7%) patients and by pulmonary artery thromboembolism in 25
      (6,8%) patients. Clinical and radiological possibilities of differential
      diagnosis between pneumonia and pulmonary occlusion are shown.

PMID- 6829252
TI  - [Relation between various pathways of collateral circulation and cerebral
      circulatory disorders resulting from extracranial occlusion of one of the
      vertebral arteries].
AB  - The data obtained during angiographic and clinical examination of 35 patients
      with extracranial occlusion of one vertebral artery (VA) have been compared. The
      clinical picture of extracranial occlusion of one VA may vary. Also, the disease
      may run an asymptomatic course. The clinical symptoms of injuries to the vertebro
      basilar vessels are less pronounced during noticeable occlusive alterations
      within the system of the carotid arteries. The main pathways of collateral
      circulation in extracranial occlusion of one VA involve intrasystemic anastomoses
      (within the system of the subclavian arteries). Of the greatest functional
      importance is the unoccluded VA.

PMID- 6829250
TI  - [Relation between changes in the breathing of patients with aneurysmal and
      stenotic lesions of the major cerebral vessels and the side of the lesion].
AB  - In patients with aneurysmal and stenosing injuries to the main vessels of the
      brain, there are significant differences in the duration of respiration arrests,
      respiration rate, systole frequency, basic metabolism, thermoregulation reflexes
      depending on the lateralization of vascular injury. Asymmetry manifested most
      distinctly in the pathology of the anterior cerebral artery. In women, functional
      asymmetry was pronounced to a greater extent than in men. Lateralization of the
      neurological symptomatology is also of importance for the line of ventilatory
      changes.

PMID- 6829253
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study of the efficacy of intracarotid administration
      of curantil in the treatment of cerebral ischemia].
AB  - Curantil intracarotid injection resulted in brain blood supply and in brain
      oxygen consumption increase as well as in redox processes normalization in 75
      cats with main brain arteries occlusion and heart insufficiency induced by
      chemical necrosis of the myocardium. A single intravenous injection of a higher
      curantil dose resulted in a significantly less effect. Long-term (3-72 hours)
      curantil infusion led to the improvement of the functions disturbed (limb
      movements, speech, vision) in 32 of 42 patients with brain ischemic insult. The
      greatest therapeutic efficacy was observed in patients with nonobturated brain
      infarction induced by brain vascular spasm or cardiocerebral vascular
      insufficiency.

PMID- 6829254
TI  - [Protracted psychoses in juvenile psychopath-like heboid schizophrenia (atypical
      variant of its course)].
AB  - A group of 22 patients selected as a result of follow-up examinations of 104
      patients with juvenile psychopathlike heboid schizophrenia is described. A
      specific feature of the disease course in the patients observed consisted in
      appearance of atypical protracted psychoses after a long-time period of
      psychopathlike heboid disorders. Peculiarities differentiating this form from the
      slow-progressive variant of psychopathlike heboid schizophrenia and from
      paroxysmal schizophrenia with heboid initial stage are presented. The group
      described occupies an intermediate place between these forms of schizophrenia. A
      question on the role of aggravation of the disease course with various exogenous
      adverse factors (noted in all the cases described) is discussed.

PMID- 6829255
TI  - [Clinical features of schizophrenia manifesting itself as transitory psychoses].
AB  - The clinical features as well as prognosis of schizophrenia manifesting by acute
      transient psychoses at a mature age were studied in 80 patients. Two types of
      manifesting attacks were described: the first one developed as an affective
      delirious state with fantastic subject matter of delirious emotional experience
      and with clouded consciousness; the second one developed as an acute paranoid.
      The latent period characterized by contractive reactive lability preceded
      transient psychoses as the disease manifestation. Psychic disorders that followed
      depended on the reactive lability of the latent period. The clinical course was
      slow-progressive; the repeated "clishe"-like attacks developed transiently.
      External pathogenic effects influence on transient psychoses clinical course is
      discussed. The peculiar variants of schizophrenic psychosis developing as
      transient attacks, which appeared to be reactions by their mechanism but fhyft by
      their clinical matter, are also discussed.

PMID- 6829256
TI  - [Slowly progressive schizophrenia with signs of chronic hypomania during its
      course].
AB  - A total of 44 patients suffering from slow-progressive schizophrenia with
      affective disorders prevalence were examined. A long latent stage was defined as
      Bonn's "masked mania", two variants of the development were singled out in the
      active period of the disease. The first variant was characterized by depressive
      disorders and "mixed states" type of a clinical picture. The patients were
      optimistic, demonstrating high self-estimation in spite of depressive complaints,
      flaccidity, suppression, weakness, apathy and pseudoneurotic disorders.
      Accelerated development of associations was retained and motor retardation was
      absent Personality changes were limited by emotional and psychopathic ones. The
      second variant represented affective paranoia, delusional disorders formed on the
      basis of chronic hypomania. Its expressivity correlated with the intensity of
      hypomanic effect. Personality changes included thought disturbances, autization,
      mild decrease of the energy potential.

PMID- 6829257
TI  - [Problem of reactive delusion formation in slowly progressive schizophrenia].
AB  - Reactive delirious psychoses in 38 patients with slow-progressive schizophrenia
      (SPS) were studied. Three clinical variants of SPS were singled out while
      studying the course and psychopathological features of endogenic process with
      delirious reactions. Delirious reactions are known to form only in those patients
      with SPS whose endogenic process had favoured their manifestation in the presence
      of additional psychogenic factors. Personality traits connected with endogenic
      process (psychopathlike manifestations with hypoparanoic features, higher
      affective reactivity acquired) as well as readiness to acute delirium conditioned
      by endogenic process itself underlie the delirium appearance. The type,
      development, and outcome of psychogenic disorders are predetermined by
      schizophrenic process itself.

PMID- 6829258
TI  - [Typology of delusional hypochondriacal states in schizophrenia].
AB  - On the basis of clinico-psychopathological examinations of 70 schizophrenics with
      delusional hypochondriacal states a classification of the states including these
      disorders is suggested. Depending on the mechanism of the delusion formation
      syndromes with interpretative, mixed, and sensational formation of the delusion
      are differentiated. It is shown that while passing from the first syndrome to the
      third one the depressions get more intense and their structure changes; the scope
      and degree of sensor disturbances increase, and the persistence and
      systematization of the hypochondriacal ideas diminish: all this proceeds
      coincidentally with the increase of the sensational constituent of the delusion
      formation.

PMID- 6829259
TI  - Effects of capture and venipuncture on serum levels of prolactin, growth hormone
      and cortisol in outdoor compound-housed female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

PMID- 6829260
TI  - Effects of desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin (DG-AVP) on memory processes in
      diabetes insipidus patients and non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - The effects of desglycinamide9-arginine8-vasopressin (DG-AVP) on memory processes
      have been studied in patients with central diabetes insipidus (DI) and in non
      diabetic control patients. Acute im injection of DG-AVP improved some aspects of
      short-term memory. Subchronic intranasal administration of DG-AVP facilitated
      short-term memory more consistently and in addition improved long-term memory. DG
      AVP increased the attention, but only in the non-diabetic subjects. The effects
      of DG-AVP on memory processes persisted after discontinuation of treatment. DG
      AVP did not affect the parameters for water and electrolyte metabolism, blood
      pressure and pulse rate neither in DI nor in the control patients. Thus, the
      memory effects of DG-AVP are probably mediated by a direct action on the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 6829261
TI  - Evidence for cleavage of [26-14C]cholesterol side-chain by human foetal membranes
      in vitro.
AB  - With a view to establish the hitherto undescribed role of cholesterol in foetal
      membranous steroidogenesis, homogenates of term chorion pars reflexa and amnion
      pars reflexa and pars placentaris collected from 6 women after spontaneous labour
      at term (38 to 41 weeks gestation) were incubated with [26-14C]cholesterol. Using
      reverse-isotope dilution analysis, [14C]isocaproic acid was isolated and
      characterized. This conversion constitutes strong evidence that C-20, 22
      desmolase activity, normally present in the adrenal, gonadal and placental
      tissues, is present in the homogenates of both membranes. The efficiency of the
      enzymic conversion suggests that the chorion possesses a more active desmolase
      system compared to that of the amnion.

PMID- 6829262
TI  - Regulation of immunity in rats by lactogenic and growth hormones.
AB  - Antibody formation to sheep red blood cells and the development of contact
      dermatitis in response to dinitrochlorobenzene are impaired in hypophysectomized
      (Hypo-X) rats. Rat prolactin, rat growth hormone, bovine prolactin, bovine growth
      hormone, human placental lactogen and human growth hormone all restored the
      immunological competence of Hypo-X animals. The possible mechanism of action of
      these hormones on immune reactions is discussed.

PMID- 6829263
TI  - Effects of oestradiol benzoate on the pituitary-thyroid axis of male and female
      rats.
AB  - In the present work the effects of oestradiol benzoate (EB) on pituitary and
      plasma concentrations of TSH, plasma T4 and T3, and thyroidal activity of male
      and female rats have been studied. Wistar rats weighing between 150 to 200 g were
      injected sc with varying doses of EB in corn oil for 9 or 30 days. The animals
      were exsanguinated by cardiac puncture and the hypophyses removed and
      individually homogenized at 4 degrees C in 200 microliters PBS buffer. Pituitary
      and plasma TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Thyroidal activity was
      evaluated by a 4 h 131I uptake and by 48 h thyroidal release plasma slopes
      derived form the ratio PB[125I] (from thyroidal secretion) to PB[131I] (from
      exogenous [131I]T4). In both male and female rats the 10 and 25 micrograms doses
      of EB produced a significant decrease in pituitary TSH content; this effect was
      more pronounced when the 25 micrograms dose was given over 30 days. Plasma T4
      decreased significantly; plasma T3 was moderately elevated in all groups (NS) and
      significantly increased in female rats treated with 25 micrograms EB (P less than
      0.01). It is concluded that EB induced a marked depression of intrapituitary TSH,
      probably due to a decrease in synthesis, without affecting the release of TSH
      into the circulation. Moreover, EB accelerated peripheral T4 kinetics and thyroid
      gland activity, albeit to a moderate degree.

PMID- 6829264
TI  - Lack of refractoriness to stimulation with long acting thyroid stimulator of
      thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid hormone secretion in mice in vivo.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine whether long acting thyroid
      stimulator (LATS) induces refractoriness of thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid
      hormone secretion to the stimulator in vivo. Male DDY mice fed with a low iodine
      diet and given 5 micrograms/ml of triiodothyronine (T3) in drinking water and
      libitum for 4 days were injected with 0.025 ml of LATS positive serum (1000%/0.25
      ml in rhe McKenzie bioassay) ip every 24 h for 9 days. Groups of 5 mice were
      sacrificed before and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after the first injection of LATS for
      the determinations of serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, the 1 h thyroid 131I
      uptake and thyroid weight. Control mice were injected with LATS negative pooled
      normal sera. Serum T4 concentrations elevated significantly 24 h after the 3rd
      injection of LATS and remained elevated until the end of the experiment. One hour
      thyroid 131I uptake elevated about 3-fold 24 h after the first injection of LATS.
      It further increased 24 h after the 3rd injection of LATS to 10-fold of the value
      for control animals and stayed elevated at this same level for the remainder of
      the study. These results indicate that stimulating effects of LATS on thyroid
      hormone synthesis assessed by thyroid 131I uptake and thyroid hormone secretion
      assessed by serum T4 concentrations were not diminished by the prior
      administration of the stimulator. These findings suggest that LATS does not
      induce refractoriness of either thyroid hormone synthesis or thy roid hormone
      secretion to the stimulator in mide in vivo.

PMID- 6829266
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of the antimesometral implantation in the rabbit.
AB  - A scanning and transmission electron microscope study of blastocysts immediately
      prior to ovo implantation and of antimesometrial implantation sites was
      conducted. External membranes of the eggs showed at 6 days post coitum the
      imprint of the endometrial surface, pointing to the early establishment of
      contact between egg and uterus. At 7 days the antimesometrial region showed
      flattening with continued evidence of gland openings that appear to be the
      elective sites of attraction of the trophoblastic knobs. Attachment of the
      trophoblastic knobs followed on days 8 and 9.

PMID- 6829267
TI  - The development of the human phreno-oesophageal membrane.
AB  - 23 human fetal diaphragms were used to study the structural changes of the phreno
      oesophageal membrane at the different prenatal ages. 2 human adult diaphragms
      were used for comparison. This membrane was found to be formed by both the
      superior and inferior diaphragmatic fasciae. The phreno-oesophageal membrane was
      mainly formed by the superior fascia at early stages of development and by the
      inferior at later ages. The collagenous and elastic components of this membrane
      increased gradually with age. The crural muscle fibres forming the boundary of
      the oesophageal hiatus at 10 weeks showed gradual regression and was replaced by
      tendinous fibres. The latter formed secondary insertion in addition to the
      primary one in the central tendon. The strip of striated muscle, which was
      occasionally present at the lower end of the oesophagus, could be attributed to
      failure of recession of the crural muscle bordering the hiatus. The functional
      significance of the phreno-oesophageal membrane in the process of deglutition and
      vomiting and for prevention of hiatus hernia is discussed.

PMID- 6829265
TI  - Prolonged remission of a case of Cushing's disease following cessation of
      cyproheptadine therapy.

PMID- 6829268
TI  - Two types of capillaries in the rat renal glomerulus.
AB  - Electron-microscopic examination of rats renal glomeruli revealed that Zlabek's
      thin intercapillary anastomoses (TIAs) are thin vessels which interconnect the
      ordinary glomerular capillaries, while branching off abundantly. The lumens of
      the TIAs are irregular, mostly closed, frequently cleft-like; the width of lumens
      is about 0.9-0.1 micron. The TIAs are situated in the intercapillary (mesangial)
      areas of renal glomeruli; they represent a special equipment which probably
      influences the glomerular plasma flow rate and the glomerular ultrafiltration.

PMID- 6829270
TI  - Some ultrastructural features of the muscular coat of human small intestine.
AB  - The muscular coat of human small intestine is constituted by a 'special' layer,
      by the main component of the circular layer, by the region between the circular
      and the longitudinal layers and by the longitudinal layer. The 'special' layer is
      made up of the innermost 4-6 rows of muscle cells of the circular layer and is
      separated from the main component of the circular layer by a space in which an
      abundant connective tissue and numerous nerve fibers rich in nerve endings are
      located. Cells identified as interstitial cells of Cajal are located inside the
      'special' layer, the space between it and the main component of the circular
      layer and in the region between the circular and the longitudinal layers. In this
      region small bundles of obliquely orientated muscle cells, apparently bridging
      the circular to the longitudinal layer, are found.

PMID- 6829269
TI  - Genetic factors influencing neurosensitivity to early phenobarbital
      administration in mice.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the possible genetic determinants of
      neurosensitivity to early (neonatal) phenobarbital (PhB) administration and to
      conduct a strain comparison for the cerebellar histology of both inbred and
      outbred mice. HS/Ibg, C57BL/10 and DBA/1 pups were injected with 50 mg PhB/kg
      daily on neonatal days 2-21. On day 50, treated animals (B) of all strains had
      smaller brains than controls (C). Moreover, the cerebellar area was decreased in
      HS and C57 B mice but not in DBA mice, suggesting genotype-environment
      interaction. B mice from all strains had similar Purkinje cell losses. Strain
      comparison showed that control C57 mice had smaller brains than control HS, and
      DBA had smaller brains than both HS and C57. Similarly, C57 had smaller
      cerebellar layers than HS and DBA had smaller cerebellar layers than both HS and
      C57. DBA and C57 mice had fewer Purkinje cells than HS but did not differ from
      each other.

PMID- 6829271
TI  - Genetic and sex influences on the regional distribution of acetylcholinesterase
      activity in the porcine brain and hypophyses under humid tropical climatic
      conditions.
AB  - The adaptability of one indigenous and four exotic breeds of pigs to the humid
      tropical climatic conditions of Ibadan was comparatively evaluated with
      acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) of brain and hypophyseal parts as the
      parameter. Significant breed differences were observed in the weight and AChE of
      the hypophyses and in the AChE of the brain parts. With regard to sex, only the
      relative adenohypophyseal weight and the AChE of the cerebellum and medulla
      oblongata were influenced. The results demonstrate the greater adaptability of
      the indigenous pigs to their native environment than the exotic breeds. A reduced
      sensitivity to the various stressing factors of the indigenous pigs and the
      females was implied. Results also suggest that the Large White breed may be more
      suited to the conditions prevalent in Ibadan than the other exotic breeds.

PMID- 6829273
TI  - Prosthetic fitting in lower limb amputees.
AB  - A series of 320 patients with lower limb amputations was analyzed. Among patients
      admitted from home the risk of death in hospital, was 24 per cent (28/119)
      following AK amputation, as compared to 14 per cent (6/43) after TK amputation
      and 12 per cent (12/103) after BK amputation. Successful prosthetic fitting was
      achieved in 41 per cent (43/91) after AK amputation, 75 per cent (28/37) after TK
      amputation and 70 per cent (64/91) after BK amputation, including the 21 per cent
      (45/219) of patients discharged to a nursing home.

PMID- 6829272
TI  - Numerical size variability in the peripheral nerve.
AB  - Cross-sections of 17 sciatic nerves were examined by an image analyzer as to sum
      of fibre carrying cross-sectional areas and by light-microscopic visual area
      sampling as to myelinated and unmyelinated fibre densities. Intra-perineural
      cross-sectional areas range from 3.5 x 10(6) to 7.6 x 10(6) micron2 with a mean
      of 5.8 x 10(6) in the 12 male subjects and 3.4 x 10(6) to 4.0 x 10(6), means =
      3.7 x 10(6) micron2 in 4 mature females. Estimates of total fibre content range
      from 6.1 x 10(4) to 1.6 x 10(5) in the males and 6.1 x 10(4) to 9.2 x 10(4) in
      these female subjects. Variations in axon number totals and in ratios of
      myelinated to unmyelinated fibre densities are not age correlated. Variations
      also occur in the diameter distributions of myelinated fibres and in ratios of
      small to large diameter myelinated fibres.

PMID- 6829274
TI  - Axial skeletal malformations associated with cranioschisis aperta and
      exencephaly. The result of experimental intervention after the neural tube
      closure in rats.
AB  - Maternal administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) after the
      neural tube closure (on day 12) resulted in exencephaly and cranioschisis in 100%
      of rat fetuses at term. Extensive hemorrhages and edema were regularly associated
      with these defects. Alizarin-red stained skeletal preparations revealed absence
      of skull vault, premature closure of basicranial synchondroses, exaggeration of
      the craniovertebral angle, and agencies and hypoplasia of the vertebrae, ribs and
      sternum. It is suggested that failure of the neural tube to close is not the
      primary cause of axial skeletal malformations and even after closure, the axial
      skeletal anlagen remains susceptible to teratogenic insult.

PMID- 6829275
TI  - Os odontoideum. A cause of atlanto-axial instability.
AB  - Os odontoideum is a rare condition in which instability may damage the upper
      cervical cord. A delay in diagnosis is not uncommon. This paper describes a
      series of 11 patients with os odontoideum. The presenting symptoms were divided
      into three groups: posttraumatic neck-pain, gradually appearing signs of
      medullary compression and an asymptomatic group. Eight patients had atlanto-axial
      instability. Six had interlaminar fusion between atlas and axis. No serious
      complications were seen. Stability was obtained in all patients postoperatively.
      In case of significant instability, fusion is indicated. In patients with
      cerebral palsy a closer examination of the upper cervical cord is recommended.

PMID- 6829277
TI  - Resection arthroplasty of the proximal tibia.
AB  - Custom made total arthroplasty of the knee with resection of the upper third of
      the tibia was performed in two cases. The follow-up results showed good function
      1 year later. The procedure is recommended in benign as well as selected
      malignant tumors of the proximal tibia.

PMID- 6829276
TI  - Prospective stress radiography in 38 old injuries of the ligaments of the knee
      joint.
AB  - In a prospective clinical and stress radiographic study comprising 38 patients,
      the course of chronic ligament injuries in the knee joint was evaluated. All but
      five patients had isolated ligament injuries, 16 of which affected the anterior
      cruciate ligament. The operations were performed from 18 days to 20 years after
      the injury had occurred. In 13 patients primary suture could be carried out, 12
      patients underwent exploratory arthrotomy, and the remainder had relevant
      ligament repair. After a follow-up period of 7 years the instability had been
      cured in all patients with medial laxity and in one of two patients with lateral
      laxity. Nineteen patients had a drawer sign preoperatively. The anterior drawer
      sign disappeared in practically all patients, while a posterior drawer sign was a
      constant sequel to injury affecting the posterior cruciate ligament. It was
      difficult to prevent the development of rotatory instability--which was present
      in six preoperatively and in 14 at follow-up--and the rotatory instabilities were
      predominantly marked (greater than 6 mm). Nevertheless, only a few patients had
      an annoying sensation of instability. By means of ligament reconstruction, it was
      possible to reduce the preoperative instability appreciably. Passive instability
      had completely subsided in 40 per cent (15/38). The subjective result was good,
      only 16 per cent (6/38) having troublesome loss of function.

PMID- 6829278
TI  - Anteversion of the acetabulum and femoral neck in normals and in patients with
      osteoarthritis of the hip.
AB  - Anteversion of the acetabulum and of the femoral neck was determined by use of
      computed tomography in 47 adults with normal hips and in 39 patients with
      osteoarthritis. The normal anteversion of the acetabulum was found to be 17 +/- 6
      degrees (mean +/- standard deviation) and of the femoral neck 13 +/- 7 degrees.
      In the patients with osteoarthritis the femoral anteversion was on the average 6
      degrees larger than in the normals, whereas no difference was revealed in the
      figures of acetabular anteversion. The relationship between the degree of femoral
      and of acetabular anteversion was calculated. No correlation was found, neither
      in the normals, nor in the patients. Consequently, the relationship between the
      anteversion of the femoral neck and of the acetabulum was poor in the patients as
      compared to the controls, and it is concluded that this is a contributing factor
      to osteoarthritis due to poor adaptation of the femoral head to the acetabulum.

PMID- 6829280
TI  - Deltoid ligament. Functional analysis of the medial collateral ligamentous
      apparatus of the ankle joint.
AB  - On 34 osteoligamentous ankle preparations the function of the various components
      of the deltoid ligament has been elucidated by tracing mobility patterns after
      successive transection of the components in varying sequence. The anterior and
      posterior talofibular ligaments were included in the study to investigate the
      interaction between these structures and the deltoid ligament. The tibiocalcaneal
      and the intermediate tibiotalar ligaments control abduction of the talus. The
      anterior tibiotalar and talofibular ligaments control plantar flexion, while
      dorsiflexion is inhibited by the posterior tibiotalar and talofibular ligaments,
      and partly by the anterior talofibular ligament as well. In combination, the
      anterior and intermediate tibiotalar ligaments control external rotation, while
      the intermediate and posterior tibiotalar ligaments control both external and,
      together with the anterior talofibular ligament, internal rotation of the talus.
      Isolated, neither the anterior nor the posterior tibiotalar ligament appears to
      play any major role in ankle stability.

PMID- 6829279
TI  - Periacetabular stress distributions after joint replacement with subchondral bone
      retention.
AB  - Two-dimensional finite element stress analyses were conducted of the acetabular
      region after total joint replacement. The effect of subchondral bone retention
      was evaluated for both conventional and metal-backed acetabular components.
      Stresses in the bone, cement and acetabular cup were significantly reduced when
      subchondral bone was retained for both component types. The results indicate that
      the most favorable stress conditions are created when a metal-backed acetabular
      component is implanted with subchondral bone retention.

PMID- 6829281
TI  - Electron microscopic analysis of the bone-titanium interface.
AB  - Ten cylindrical implants, made of polycarbonate and covered with a 120-250-nm
      thick layer of pure titanium, were implanted into each tibial metaphysis of five
      rabbits. Observation time was 12 weeks. The implants were surrounded by mature,
      living bone. No soft tissue intervened between bone and implant at any point.
      With TEM microscopy the titanium was shown to be bordered by a 20-nm-thick layer
      of proteoglycans, showing the characteristics of ground substance, and separating
      the collagen from the implant surface. Cells at the interface were likewise
      separated from the titanium by such a layer. Hydroxyapatite crystals were
      observed within the ground substance layer, occasionally seemingly in direct
      contact with the titanium. Normal mineralization was present 100-500 nm from the
      implant surface. While this study aims at defining interface anatomy, it also
      shows that macroscopically smooth-surfaced titanium can readily heal into bone
      without a soft tissue envelope. This could be of help for materials' choice and
      design of permanently fixed implants.

PMID- 6829282
TI  - Bone blood flow in conscious dogs at rest and during exercise.
AB  - Using the microsphere technique bone blood flow was measured in different
      anatomical and functional regions in long bones in conscious dogs. The
      measurements were performed during physical exercise upon a treadmill, and the
      bone blood flow values were obtained as prework resting values after 1 and 2
      hours of exercise and after 1 hour of rest. The perfusion rates increased 50 per
      cent from 1.6 to 2.5 ml X 100 g tissue-1 X min-1 in the femoral and tibial
      cortical bones during work. In the cancellous bone of the femoral head an
      increase from 12.6 to 20.6 ml X 100 g tissue-1 X min-1 was found. Equal flow
      responses were determined in the fat-filled tibia-condylar and femoral
      supracondylar bone. The increase took place after 2 hours' exercise, but
      nonstatistically verified increased perfusion was found after 1 hour's work. The
      alternation in bone blood flow suggests that bone has a capability of physical
      vasodilation during muscular work but the flow response is slow and therefore the
      vasodilatation seems mediated by a metabolically induced stimulus.

PMID- 6829284
TI  - Age dependent repair of muscle rupture. A histological and microangiographical
      study in rats.
AB  - Healing of contusion injury in the gastrocnemius muscle was studied in young
      adult and old rats. A standard blunt muscle contusion was induced to the left
      calf of each animal and studied histologically and microangiographically 2-21
      days after the injury. The inflammatory cell reaction was more intense, the
      haematoma was larger and the proliferation of fibroblasts and production of
      collagen scar more pronounced in the young rats. The sprouting of new capillaries
      and regeneration of ruptured muscle fibres occurred more rapidly and intensively
      in the young animals, and the resorption of haematoma and phagocytosis of
      necrotic tissue occurred later in the old rats. The decreased repairing capacity
      in muscles of older animals resembles that seen earlier in immobilized muscles of
      adult rats, indicating that the response to the stimulus of injury decreases with
      advancing age.

PMID- 6829283
TI  - Regional blood flow in experimental myositis ossificans. A microsphere study in
      conscious rabbits.
AB  - In a recent model for heterotopic bone formation (Michelsson et al. 1980).
      muscular oedema, swelling and necrosis is seen in the quadriceps muscle of rabbit
      hind limbs immobilized for at least 2 weeks when, from the second week, the
      immobilized limb is subjected to daily forcible mobilization lasting about 5 min.
      According to this model, heterotopic calcification develops gradually from the
      second week of forcible mobilization and is located in the vastus intermedius
      region. Between the fourth and fifth week of immobilization and forcible
      mobilization, heterotopic bone formation is seen in virtually all cases. The
      histological findings are similar to those in human ectopic bone formation. In
      the present investigation the labelled microsphere technique was used to study
      the regional blood flow effects in the early development of myositis ossificans
      with this model. The results are quite different from those reported by other
      investigators on immobilization alone and point to a causal relation between
      regional blood flow and forcible mobilization of the immobilized rabbit hind
      limb. Prostaglandins as mediators between the traumatic inflammation, a part of
      the circulatory effects observed and the induction of new bone is suggested.

PMID- 6829287
TI  - Patellar height and femoral trochlear development.

PMID- 6829285
TI  - Hemodynamics of the juvenile knee in relation to increasing intra-articular
      pressure. An experimental study in dogs.
AB  - The relationships between intraosseous pressure and regional blood flow in the
      juxta-articular epiphyses were determined in the knees of immature dogs.
      Intraosseous pressures were continuously registered in one knee. Regional blood
      flow rates were simultaneously determined by the microsphere technique before and
      after venous tamponade of both knee joint capsules. During complete venous
      tamponade the intraosseous pressure of the distal femoral epiphyses rose 268%,
      while flow increased 122%. A concurrent 20-fold flow increase of the knee capsule
      and 3-4-fold flow increase of the proximal femoral bone was observed. Evacuation
      of the knee joints resulted in an immediate drop of the intraosseous pressure of
      the distal femoral epiphyses, whereas hyperaemia prevailed for at least half an
      hour and was most pronounced in the distal femoral epiphyses and knee joint
      capsule. Intraosseous pressure registration did not significantly influence
      regional blood flow. It is suggested that the changes of intraosseous pressures
      during knee joint tamponade reflect changes in the venous outlet resistance. The
      results demonstrate the significance of intra-articular pressure increase on the
      hemodynamics of the juxta-articular tissues of the knee and proximal femoral
      bone. These findings may be of importance in the pathogenesis of growth
      disturbances observed in juvenile degenerative arthritis.

PMID- 6829286
TI  - Progression in idiopathic scoliosis after conservative treatment.
AB  - One hundred patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated conservatively were
      reviewed for a mean period of 10.6 years after the end of treatment. The majority
      of curves had increased; 70% between 16 and 20 years of age and 60% after age 20.
      The mean progression per year was 3 degrees and 2 degrees for single and double
      curves, respectively, in the first 4 years after the end of treatment and 1
      degree and 0.5 degrees, respectively, in adulthood. Curves above 40 degrees
      increased significantly more than smaller curves. It is concluded that curves of
      more than 40 degrees, especially thoracic single curves, should be treated
      operatively in adolescence. Conservative treatment of smaller curves should be
      continued towards 20 years of age, and the patients should be followed up during
      early adult life.

PMID- 6829288
TI  - Fat embolism after static and dynamic load. An experimental investigation.
AB  - Rabbit femora were fractured with different strain rates (static and dynamic)
      with measurements of the bone marrow pressure during the actual moment of
      fracturing. The results show that the amount of fat emboli is dependent on the
      strain rate, and occurs at the moment of fracture, when elastic strain energy is
      released in the form of pulse waves. A further group of rabbit femora were
      subjected to standardized pulse-waves on the bone marrow. The number of fat
      emboli produced was proportional to the strength and number of these waves.

PMID- 6829289
TI  - Cochlear morphology of the audiogenic-seizure susceptible (AGS) or genetically
      epilepsy prone rat (GEPR).
AB  - The organ of Corti (OC) of the genetically epilepsy prone rat (GEPR), a strain
      which is highly susceptible to audiogenic seizures (AGS), was examined by means
      of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ten female GEPRs (seizure intensity
      score of 2 or 3) and 10 female control rats (seizure intensity score of 0) were
      used in this study. (Seizure intensity was scored on an ascending scale of 0-9; 0
      being no seizure (Jobe et al., 1973).) Each rat was perfused with buffered
      glutaraldehyde and the temporal bones fixed for one week in formalin. After
      decalcification, staining and microdissection, the entire OC was prepared for
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The GEPR organ of Corti contained several
      morphological differences when compared with controls. 1) In all 10 GEPRs, the
      headplates forming the top of the tunnel of Corti exhibited some form of
      structural abnormality. 2) Five animals had some form of stereocilia aberration
      of the inner (IHC) and/or outer (OHC) hair cells. 3) In 4 animals, significant
      numbers (10-15%) of IHC's were missing in large segments of all cochlear turns.
      4) In 2 GEPRs, all OHC's were absent from the middle turn to the hook. In these 2
      animals, IHC's were present in the upper middle turn but became less numerous and
      completely absent in the basal turn and hook. 5) One set of cochleas had 1000
      more OHC's than had those of control rats. Since GEPRs are genetically
      susceptible to seizures, the preceding cochlear abnormalities are probably
      genetically-induced developmental defects. It is likely that the abnormally long
      stereocilia, mis-shaped stereocilia and deficits in hair cell populations are a
      consequence of the distorted headplates. The elongated stereocilia could be a
      compensatory attempt to contact the tectorial membrane during development. The
      mis-shaped stereocilia and hair cell deficits could represent a failure of
      compensatory mechanisms. The cochlear abnormalities may play a role in both
      susceptibility and intensity of audiogenic seizures.

PMID- 6829290
TI  - Size of the mastoid air cell system obtained with two types of X-ray equipment.
AB  - The first systematically performed study concerning the size variation of the
      mastoid air cell system was measured on the X-ray film in a lateral projection,
      as exposed on the skull table. A new type of equipment (Orbix) with an isocentric
      motion of the roentgen tube and the film cassette and a different magnification,
      is gradually replacing the skull table. Temporal bone specimens were examined in
      a lateral projection using both equipments. The area of the mastoid air cell
      system was measured with a planimeter. A significant correlation was found
      between the areas obtained with the two techniques.

PMID- 6829291
TI  - Localization of antileukoprotease in middle ear mucosa.
AB  - The localization of antileukoprotease was studied immunohistologically in normal
      middle ear mucosa specimens obtained at autopsy and in chronically inflamed
      middle ear mucosa specimens obtained at middle ear surgery for chronic otitis
      media. In the sections of normal as well as in the sections of chronically
      inflamed middle ear mucosa, antileukoprotease localization was confined to PAS
      positive goblet cells of surface epithelium and to PAS-positive goblet-like cells
      of submucosal glands and crypts, whereas ciliated mucosal cells and stratified
      squamous epithelial cells were devoid of anti-leukoprotease. In comparison with
      normal middle ear mucosa, an increased number of goblet cells--and thus an
      increased number of cells containing antileukoprotease--was present in the
      chronically inflamed middle ear mucosa. Since antileukoprotease is a potent
      inhibitor of granulocyte elastase and Cathepsin G, it was concluded that this
      proliferation of the respiratory epithelium during inflammatory processes in the
      middle ear indicates an increased activity of the biologic defence system against
      the action of granulocyte proteases.

PMID- 6829294
TI  - Auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) in coma due to severe head trauma.
AB  - Auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded in 11 comatose patients
      suffering from severe head trauma. The recordings were performed while the
      patients were being cared for in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. The ABR
      results, together with the clinical laboratory data, were correlated to the
      outcome for the patients. In 6 patients who died of their brain injuries,
      complete autopsies together with transverse cutting of the brainstem were
      performed in order to chart the extent of the brainstem lesions. Our findings
      suggest that the ABR test is a reliable diagnostic tool for predicting the
      outcome of patients comatose as a result of head trauma. The interpretation of
      the ABR results in cases suspected of brain death is discussed in the light of an
      illustrative case report.

PMID- 6829293
TI  - Prolongation of the cochlear microphonic in man. Cochlear microphonic ringing.
AB  - During routine extra-tympanic electrocochleographic (ECochG) recording we have
      observed that in many cases more cycles are seen in the cochlear microphonic (CM)
      recording than are present in the acoustic stimulus. We have termed this
      phenomenon CM 'ringing'. Ringing is present in 69% of our normal subjects and in
      43% of patients with deafness of different aetiologies. In the cochlear and
      Meniere subgroups those cases showing ringing have a significantly larger CM
      amplitude (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively). The possible
      origin of this phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 6829295
TI  - Histopathological observations on polyethylene-type materials in chronic ear
      surgery.
AB  - Proplast implants were used in reconstruction of the posterior ear canal wall in
      one ear and in obliteration of the cavity in two ears. All ears healed well but
      the canal wall implant became visible in 15 months and had to be removed because
      of persistant suppuration. The other two implants became visible 3 to 4 years
      postoperatively. Plastipore TORPs were implanted in two ears undergoing revision
      surgery. One prosthesis was removed several months later because of infection,
      and the other 1 year after surgery, as no improvement in hearing had been
      achieved. Histologically, masses of giant cells were seen in the implants and
      many cells had engulfed both the vitreous carbon material of Proplast and the
      white Teflon material of both Proplast and Plastipore. It is concluded that
      Proplast is unsuitable either for canal wall reconstruction or for cavity
      obliteration. Plastipore should be used only as a bridge between two ossicles. If
      the implant must be applied to the tympanic membrane, that end should be fitted
      with a nonabsorbable bony homograft, which does not cause foreign body reaction.

PMID- 6829292
TI  - Clinical features of acute otitis media among children.
AB  - The anamnestic and clinical data on all of the 2254 attacks of acute otitis media
      (AOM) registered among 14200 children (less than 16 years) at risk during a one
      year period were analysed. On the basis of otoscopic findings AOM was classified
      into three grades: 25.0% of the cases were considered mild, 39.0% moderate and
      36.0% severe. Spontaneous perforation was found in 4.6% of the cases. 76.2% of
      the attacks were preceded by a respiratory infection, but only 1.4% were sequelae
      of some epidemic childhood disease. Earache was present in 73.5% of the attacks;
      in 81.0% of these it had lasted less than 24 hours. 39.4% of all the attacks were
      bilateral; during the first 2 years of life the proportion was 53.7%, decreasing
      thereafter with increasing age, and being only 18.7% among those 10-15 years old.
      In unilateral attacks the right ear was affected slightly, but not significantly,
      more often.

PMID- 6829296
TI  - Effects of drainage in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - 24 patients with maxillary sinusitis were studied with regard to the effect of
      therapy. 8 of the patients were treated with a single dose of antibiotics and
      repeated antral aspirations at close intervals. 16 other patients were treated
      with repeated aspirations only. In the first group, 'cure', in the sense of
      freedom from retained secretion, was achieved after 3-5 aspirations within 2-10
      hours. In the second group, changes in the proteolytic activity and the
      concentrations of albumin, IgG, IgM and IgA were followed. In purulent secretions
      the proteolytic activity was high and the concentrations of proteins were low,
      whereas the proteolytic activity of the serous secretions was low and the
      concentrations of proteins of the same magnitude as that of the patient serum. As
      a result of drainage the proteolytic activity was significantly reduced and the
      concentrations of proteins significantly increased.

PMID- 6829299
TI  - A swab technique for sialometry. Normal range.
AB  - A modification of the swab method for sialometry is described. The individual
      secretions from the right parotid gland, left parotid gland and both
      submandibular glands together were collected, by use of cotton swabs after
      submaximal stimulation by citric acid. Five evaluation parameters and their
      normal ranges and variances are described from a material of 150 control
      individuals without sign of salivary gland impairment. The measurement is
      performed within five minutes, it is simple and convenient both for the patient
      and the staff. Therefore the method described is well suited for routine clinical
      use.

PMID- 6829298
TI  - Long-term treatment with budesonide in vasomotor rhinitis.
AB  - Twelve patients entered a long-term study of budesonide treatment in vasomotor
      rhinitis. The efficacy of the treatment was studied. Possible systemic side
      effects were studied via an ACTH stimulation test prior to and during treatment.
      The local effect in the nasal mucosa was studied by means of a nasal biopsy
      before and after one year of treatment. The treatment has proved effective, while
      producing no systemic or local side effects during a one-year treatment period.

PMID- 6829300
TI  - Heterotransplantation of human head and neck tumours into nude mice.
AB  - Multimodality therapy of advanced malignant tumours of the head and neck includes
      surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the cure rate for these tumours
      is low and guidelines for the selection and timing of therapy are needed. For
      such guidelines, tumour cell kinetic parameter studies, e.g. cell proliferation,
      may be a suitable approach. In the present study an in vivo system for tumour
      cell kinetic studies, the nude mice system, has been evaluated for malignant
      human head and neck tumours. The overall 'take' rate for heterotransplanted human
      tumour grafts was 35%. The take rate was not influenced by the sterility state of
      the specimen. An advanced tumour stage showed a tendency to a higher take rate
      than less advanced tumour stages. In the tumour cell kinetic study the rate of
      DNA synthesis, measured by incorporation of radioactively labelled thymidine (
      [3H]TdR) into DNA, was analysed in human malignant head and neck tumours and in
      serially heterotransplanted tumours. The rate of DNA synthesis was found to
      increase during the first serial passages though the histopathological picture
      remained unchanged. The increased rate of DNA synthesis may be explained by the
      recruitment of Go cells or by stem cell selection. These findings are discussed
      and may provide a basis for therapeutic guidelines.

PMID- 6829297
TI  - The effects of partial and complete mechanical occlusion of the nasal passages on
      sleep structure and breathing in sleep.
AB  - The influence of partial and complete mechanical obstruction of the nasal
      passages was investigated in 10 normal young adults (5 males and 5 females)
      without any ENT abnormalities. Nasal obstruction caused a significant increase in
      the number of apneas during sleep, in the number of microarousals associated with
      non-apneic breathing disorders in sleep, and in the amount of wake-time within
      sleep.

PMID- 6829302
TI  - Electrocochleography with bone-conducted stimulation. A comparative study of
      different methods of stimulation.
AB  - Due to the shortcomings of the conventional bone vibrators available at the
      present, electrocochleography with bone conducted acoustic stimulation has not
      found any clinical application despite the fact that methods for the procedure
      have been developed for some time. The most striking deficiencies of these
      vibrators are their unsatisfactory stimulus intensities and their lack of
      frequency specificity due to distortion. Driven by an a.c. signal, a piezoceramic
      accelerometer (A21T, D. J. Birchall Ltd.) was found to meet the requirements of
      clinical use giving satisfactory stimulus intensities with a minimum of
      distortion when attached to the mastoid process by means of a modified bone
      screw.

PMID- 6829301
TI  - Hearing thresholds in the rabbit. A behavioral and electrophysiological study.
AB  - Thresholds of audibility were determined in rabbits with a behavioral
      'conditioned suppression' technique and with brain stem evoked response to band
      pass (1/3 and 1/1 octave) filtered sine waves. Both techniques yield threshold
      curves with the same shape, the ABR threshold being 10-20 dB less sensitive. In
      rabbits with cochlear lesions (noise or kanamycin), hearing losses obtained with
      the two methods are very similar. It is concluded that the hearing threshold in
      rabbits can be obtained both electrophysiologically and behaviorally with
      techniques suitable for experimental auditory research.

PMID- 6829303
TI  - Effect of argon laser stapedotomy on cochlear potentials. II. Alteration of the
      compound action potential (CAP).
AB  - The influence of the argon laser on inner-ear function during and after laser
      stapedotomy was investigated in guinea pigs, using the compound action potential
      (CAP) as parameter. With the onset of the argon laser impact, the CAP is
      depressed or even extinguished up to 10 s. The temporal course of subsequent CAP
      recovery is similar to that of endocochlear temperature recovery after laser
      stapedotomy, so that a direct influence of temperature increase and CAP decrease
      is probable. No permanent attenuation of CAP amplitude was found after a single
      laser perforation of the stapes footplate.

PMID- 6829304
TI  - Pressure opening and closing functions of the eustachian tube in children and
      adults with normal ears.
AB  - Eustachian tube function was studied with the impedance technique and a pressure
      chamber in 58 children, aged 3-12 years, and 61 adults, aged 17-73 years, all
      otologically healthy. The pressure opening and closing functions were measured,
      i.e. the relative overpressure in the middle ear required to force open the tube,
      and the residual overpressure in the middle ear after pressure opening,
      respectively. These "passive" functions of the tube, assumed to reflect the
      closing factors, did not differ significantly between normal children and adults.
      The muscular opening function, i.e. "active" pressure equilibration capacity, on
      the other hand, was significantly poorer in children than in adults and poorer in
      younger children than in older ones. The results can be used as a reference
      material in investigations of the Eustachian tube in children with middle ear
      disease.

PMID- 6829305
TI  - Utricular and saccular volumetry in human temporal bones.
AB  - Using serially sectioned human temporal bones, endolymphatic volumes of utriculus
      and sacculus were measured with the aid of a computer. The mean of the utricular
      volume was 8.187 mm3, and the saccular volume, 2.096 mm3. The former was 3.9 X
      the latter. The surface area of the macula utriculi was 3.271 mm2, and the macula
      sacculi was 2.188 mm2. The former was 1.5 X the latter. The study using
      pathologic temporal bones (Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, and otitis media
      chronica) showed that the utricular volume could indeed increase, and the
      saccular membrane was found to be more fragile than the utricular membrane in
      those diseased conditions.

PMID- 6829306
TI  - The temporal bone in patients with Meniere's disease.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with Meniere's disease were compared with a group of healthy
      individuals with respect to findings at tomography and plain radiography. The
      temporal bone in patients differed in many respects from that in the healthy
      controls. Characteristic features in patients were a lack of periaqueductal
      pneumatization, a lack of pneumatization medial to the arcuate eminence, a short
      vestibular aqueduct, a narrow external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct, and a
      reduction in size of the mastoid air cell system. The mean mastoid area in the
      diseased ear in patients was 7.93 cm2 and in controls 11.59 cm2. The vestibular
      aqueduct was visible in its full length on tomograms in 81% of the healthy
      controls and in 65% of the diseased ears in patients. The mean volume of the
      mastoid air cell system in Meniere patients, determined at operation, was 5.3 ml.

PMID- 6829308
TI  - Induced autophagocytosis in macrophages. Origin of the segregating membranes.
AB  - Cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed for 48 h to a large and toxic
      dose of polyacrylamide microspheres (previously designed for use as a
      lysosomotropic carrier for the intracellular delivery of enzymes and other
      macromolecules). This treatment induced autophagocytosis in the macrophages,
      which contained abundant autophagic vacuoles at 24 h post exposure. Transmission
      electron microscopical studies including enzyme cytochemistry showed that the
      segregating membranes in autophagosome formation consisted of flattened, smooth
      surfaced vacuoles with a granular matrix in which reaction product indicating
      acid phosphatase activity could be demonstrated. The autophagic vacuole formation
      was apparently effected by wrapping of a portion of the cytoplasm in a sheet
      formed by flattening and fusion of multiple small vacuoles with acid phosphatase
      activity in their matrices. The conclusion is drawn that the segregating
      membranes are derived from lysosomes or GERL structures in this particular system
      of induced autophagocytosis.

PMID- 6829307
TI  - Semicircular canal fractures in squirrel monkeys resulting from rapid
      decompression. Interpretation and significance.
AB  - A recent histological study of monkeys rapidly decompressed from deep dives has
      revealed that, in some cases, there are fractures of the bone surrounding the
      semicircular canals. In some monkeys sacrificed within a few days of their dives,
      there are full thickness breaks across the bony canal walls. In others,
      sacrificed several months after a dive, these fractures have become infiltrated
      by the ectopic growth of new bone which also invades the otic fluid spaces. It
      now appears that the new bone growth is caused not only by a ripping or
      irritation of the endosteum, which lines the inside of the bony canals, but also,
      at least in some cases, by a rupturing of the very hard petrous bone itself. It
      is difficult to avoid the conclusion that, somehow, large forces are developed
      within the inner ear or within the petrous bone during decompression.

PMID- 6829309
TI  - Local tumour cell seeding by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. A semiquantitative
      study.
AB  - We have performed fine-needle biopsies from solid or ascites-growing mouse
      tumours. The biopsies were taken via striated muscle or the peritoneal cavity of
      healthy mice syngeneic with the tumours and the tumour-bearing animals. The
      incidence of tumour takes in these new mice were compared with the intramuscular
      or intraperitoneal transplantability of the tumours. In order to estimate more
      accurately the number of seeded cells, we also performed aspiration biopsy
      through the leg muscles of healthy animals into ascites-growing tumours labelled
      with 125IUDR. The resulting radioactivity in the leg muscle was compared with the
      radioactivity of the ascites tumour cells. The studies indicate that one may seed
      10(3)-10(4) cells, and sometimes more, into the needle track with fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy from extremely cellular and dedifferentiated tumors.

PMID- 6829310
TI  - Effects of nicotine on the fine structure of cultivated mouse peritoneal
      macrophages.
AB  - The effects of nicotine on the fine structure of thioglycollate-elicited mouse
      peritoneal macrophages cultivated in vitro was studied in order to elucidate
      further the mechanism behind its inhibitory effect on endocytosis and
      intracellular degradation of exogenous protein. In the concentrations (1.0-1,000
      nM) and times (2-48 h) used here, nicotine lacked cytotoxic effect and did not
      appreciably affect the occurrence and distribution of different organelles. The
      most prominent change caused by the drug was the formation of large vacuoles
      believed to represent swollen lysosomes. This finding supports the idea that
      nicotine, like several other amines and weak bases, accumulates in the lysosomes
      by proton trapping. This could in turn impair the digestive capacity of the
      lysosomes by raising pH above the optimum of the acid hydrolases. It could also
      affect endocytosis and recycling of plasma membrane components. Additionally, the
      nicotine treatment led to an increased number of autophagic vacuoles consisting
      of lysosomes enclosing other lysosomes. A 'lysosomophagic' process of this type
      has previously been observed in other situations with decreased endocytosis. It
      is suggested to be a subtype of autophagy that serves the purpose of regulating
      the amount of lysosomes in connection with changes in the functional activity of
      this organelle.

PMID- 6829311
TI  - Campylobacter enterocolitis. An important differential diagnosis in ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 6829312
TI  - Ultrastructural lesions in lightmicroscopically defined types of
      glomerulonephritis. A blind and semiquantitative study.
AB  - Current classification of glomerulonephritis (GN) is based primarily on light
      microscopical (LM) histopathological criteria. The aim of the present study was
      to investigate the occurrence and severity of a number of electron microscopical
      (EM) lesions in different LM defined classes of GN in order to determine the
      degree of homogeneity of these classes and the degree of specificity of various
      EM lesions seen in GN. The analysis was performed using a blind, systematic and
      semiquantitative method and applied on 91 consecutive biopsies from patients with
      GN as well as on 11 reference biopsies. Most of the EM lesions were not
      restricted to a single or a few light microscopically defined classes of GN. EM
      lesions having direct LM counterparts used as classification criteria were
      generally present with high scores in the corresponding LM classes but were also
      present in other types of GN. When the EM-findings were compared with our
      original classification of the 91 biopsies it was found that about 13% of all
      biopsies were classified erroneously using only LM. Thus, the groups obtained
      with the presently used LM classification system are quite heterogenous with
      respect to ultrastructure and probably with respect to pathogenesis. On the other
      hand, it appears that many ultrastructural lesions display a more or less
      continuous spectrum of changes which therefore are difficult to use for
      classification purposes.

PMID- 6829313
TI  - Localization of early atherosclerotic lesions in the right carotid bifurcation in
      humans.
AB  - The detailed localization of early atherosclerotic lesions in the right carotid
      bifurcation was studied in 37 carotid arteries obtained from autopsies of young
      persons who had suffered a violent and sudden death. Drawings of the sudanophilic
      lesions in the vessel wall were fed to a computer, scaled to a standardized size
      and shape, and added together. The results are presented as contour lines
      connecting points with equal frequency of early lesions. The distribution of
      early lesions reveals a distinct pattern: The early lesions start to develop on
      the outer walls of the bifurcation, while the inner walls downstream from the
      flow divider are left free, as are also the lateral walls. In the carotid sinus
      the distribution of the lesions has a U-formed pattern.

PMID- 6829314
TI  - Oral selenium inhibits skin reactions to UV light in hairless mice.
AB  - In different experimental systems oral selenium has a pronounced anti
      carcinogenic effect. This includes both spontaneous and chemically-induced
      cancers (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8). Our primary objective was to study the effect of
      selenium on the carcinogenic potential of UV light in hairless mice. Fairly early
      in these experiments, however, it became obvious that the selenium-supplemented
      mice were considerably more resistant to the acute and sub-acute effects of UV
      light than were the unsupplemented animals. This was found for the inflammatory
      reaction as well as for the development of pigmentation. As far as we know, this
      effect of selenium has not previously been described.

PMID- 6829315
TI  - Muscle fibre composition in relation to blood pressure response to isometric
      exercise in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - A positive relationship was demonstrated between the blood pressure and the fibre
      composition of the vastus muscle at rest in 17 hypertensive and 17 age- and sex
      matched normotensive subjects. The hypertensive group had a higher proportion of
      fast twitch (FT) fibres (p less than 0.1). The circulatory response was measured
      during isometric exercise (IE) and cold pressor test (CPT). During IE the blood
      pressure increase was positively related to the percentage of FT fibres. No such
      relationship was demonstrated during CPT. It was thus found, particularly in
      hypertensive subjects, that an individual's muscle fibre profile is of importance
      for the blood pressure response during IE.

PMID- 6829316
TI  - Intellectual and social function of patients surviving cardiac arrest outside the
      hospital.
AB  - Thirteen survivors of cardiac arrest outside the hospital were examined by
      clinical and psychological tests 1-3 years after the incidence, and compared to a
      matched control group of 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction without
      cardiac arrest. Psychological tests revealed that 7 patients with previous
      cardiac arrest and 4 control patients had mild-moderate to moderate-severe
      dementia. The demential symptoms were not detectable by a clinical interview.
      Four patients in each group exhibited pronounced anxiety symptoms. There were no
      clear differences between the two groups in respect of changes in cardiac
      function and social status after the incidence.

PMID- 6829317
TI  - Effects of a formalized diabetes education.
AB  - A previous study of patients attending a diabetic out-patient clinic indicated
      that their metabolic control was inadequate and their knowledge of diabetes and
      diabetes management was generally low. In an attempt to improve the situation, we
      organized a five-day education programme comprising formal lessons about
      diabetes, diet and nutrition. Altogether 83 patients completed the course. The
      test scores before and one year after the course indicated that the patients'
      knowledge had improved. Metabolic control, however, was essentially unchanged at
      the follow-up.

PMID- 6829318
TI  - Screening for health risks. How useful is a questionnaire response showing
      positive family history of myocardial infarction, hypertension or cerebral
      stroke?
AB  - The participants in a community health survey in the Reykjavik area answered the
      question whether a first-degree relative had had myocardial infarction (MI),
      hypertension (HT) or cerebral stroke. The mean total serum cholesterol level was
      5-10 mg/dl higher in the group with a positive history of MI than in the negative
      group. The frequency of hyperlipidaemia and the levels of other risk factors
      measured (blood pressure and body mass index) were similar in both groups. The
      group with a positive family history (FH) of HT had a mean systolic blood
      pressure 6-8 mmHg higher and diastolic hypertension (greater than 105 mmHg) on a
      single measurement twice as frequently as the negative group. The mean systolic
      blood pressure in the group with positive FH of stroke was 8-10 mmHg higher than
      in the negative group. The study thus suggests that positive FH of HT or stroke
      among first-degree relatives is a worthy indication for blood pressure
      measurements, at least after the age of 40.

PMID- 6829319
TI  - Electrocardiographic findings in subarachnoid hemorrhage. A population study.
AB  - The prevalence of ECG abnormalities and their prognostic value in subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) were analysed in patients from an epidemiological study on SAH.
      The analysis was based on ECGs recorded during the first 72 hours after bleeding.
      An ECG recording was obtained in 29% of patients dying within 7 days after SAH,
      and in 64% of those surviving longer. Tachycardia over 100 beats/min, P mitrale,
      and ST segment depression greater than 1.0 mm or elevation greater than 2.5 mm
      were statistically significantly more common among patients dying within 7 days
      after bleeding. ECG changes reflecting myocardial ischemia or a compromised
      hemodynamic state observed during the first 3 days after SAH seem to have an
      untoward effect on the prognosis.

PMID- 6829320
TI  - Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with valvular aortic stenosis were followed up for an average
      period of 9 years after the initial evaluation when the valvular disease had been
      considered too mild for surgical treatment. The valve area was 0.7-1.9 (mean 1.2)
      cm2 at the first study and 0.3-2.0 (mean 0.9) cm2 at the second. The mean annual
      decrease was about 0.1 cm2 in ten and less in the remaining patients. Advanced
      age and low physical working capacity at the first investigation were associated
      with rapid progression of the severity of the stenosis, but rapid progression was
      not predictable. At follow-up the combination of 1) calcifications of the valve
      on chest X-ray, 2) low physical working capacity and 3) negative/biphasic T wave
      in V6 after exercise was present in 100% of the severe stenoses (much less than
      0.6 cm2) and in 10% of the mild (much greater than 1.0 cm2). The rate of
      progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults is usually slow, but moderate
      stenoses may become severe within a few years.

PMID- 6829321
TI  - Three-day treatment of acute lower urinary tract infections in women. A double
      blind study with amoxycillin and co-trimazine.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine if a three-day treatment of lower urinary
      tract infection (UTI) is effective. 215 women with symptoms of lower UTI, seen in
      general practice, were randomly allocated to a double-blind study and given
      either amoxycillin 1000 mg twice a day for three days or trimethoprim 90
      mg/sulphadiazine 410 mg (co-trimazine) 2 tablets initially, then one tablet twice
      daily for three days. 157 women (73%) had significant bacteriuria. Therapeutic
      efficacy was evaluated in 146 patients. One week after treatment had started, 88%
      of the women in the amoxycillin group and 100% in the co-trimazine group were
      cured (p less than 0.01). After a follow-up period of four weeks, the cumulative
      relapse frequencies were 19% and 9% respectively. Adverse reactions were mild in
      most cases. Two patients, both on co-trimazine, had to discontinue treatment
      because of nausea and vomiting. Vulvovaginal irritation was more often reported
      by women treated with amoxycillin (n = 8) than by those treated with co-trimazine
      (n = 1) (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that a three-day course of
      amoxycillin or co-trimazine in lower UTI is safe, causes few adverse reactions,
      is simple to administer and comfortable for the patient. Co-trimazine seems to be
      more effective than amoxycillin.

PMID- 6829323
TI  - Etiology of mild acute infectious myocarditis. Relation to clinical features.
AB  - The etiology of mild myocarditis, diagnosed on the basis of serial ECG changes
      during an acute infection, was studied in 126 consecutive conscripts. A fourfold
      rise in the antibody titers in the paired serum samples was required for a
      positive etiologic diagnosis. An etiologic diagnosis was made probable in 47% of
      the patients. Adenovirus was incriminated in 19 patients, vaccinia in 12,
      influenza A in eight, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in six, mononucleosis in five
      and Mycoplasma in three. Chlamydia, influenza B and Coxsackie B4 were each found
      in two patients; parainfluenza, mumps and adult Still's disease were each found
      in one patient. The incidence of vaccinia myocarditis was 1/10000 smallpox
      vaccinations. Clear-cut myopericarditis was usually noted during vaccinia,
      mononucleosis, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Coxsackie B4 infections. Adenovirus and
      influenza A myocarditis was most often subclinical, being mostly detected only
      because of ECG screening of patients without cardiac symptoms. Frequent recent
      ventricular extrasystoles were most often triggered by a beta-hemolytic
      Streptococcus infection. The etiology of infectious myocarditis seems to reflect
      the overall profile of viruses and other infective agents in the study population
      at that particular time. Cardiotrophic viruses such as Coxsackie B only rarely
      cause myocarditis outside epidemics.

PMID- 6829322
TI  - Relationship between bone mineral content and frequency of postmenopausal
      fractures.
AB  - To elucidate the relationship between bone mineral content (BMC) and the
      frequency of postmenopausal fractures, we performed an epidemiologic
      investigation in a representative sample of 70-year-old women. Anamnestic data
      concerning postmenopausal fractures due to minor trauma were recorded and lateral
      X-rays of the spine were taken for evaluation of spinal fractures. BMC was
      measured by 125I photon absorptiometry. The 285 women studied were allocated into
      quintiles according to their BMC value. In 77 women, there were 131 definite
      osteoporotic fractures (i.e., spinal crush, and fracture of the hip, proximal
      humerus, and distal forearm), and in 48 women, there were 162 other non-violent
      fractures (i.e., spinal wedge and other long bone fractures). The frequencies of
      osteoporotic fractures varied inversely with the mean BMC values for each
      quintile (r = 0.959, p less than 0.01). The difference in frequency of
      osteoporotic fractures between the first and fifth quintiles was highly
      significant (p less than 0.001). In contrast, other non-violent fractures
      appeared to be unrelated to BMC. It is concluded that low BMC levels predispose
      to osteoporotic fractures.

PMID- 6829324
TI  - Fatal influenza A myocarditis with isolation of virus from the myocardium.
AB  - A previously healthy 27-year-old woman developed an acute cardiac failure one
      week after onset of influenza-like respiratory infection, and died on her fourth
      day in hospital. Intravital differential diagnosis included myocardial infarction
      because of ECG changes and massive elevation of myocardial enzymes. Autopsy
      revealed severe myocarditis and intact coronary arteries. At microscopic
      examination the myocardium was heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes, and there
      was a marked myocytolysis. Influenza A virus was isolated from the myocardial
      tissue. An immunological mechanism of myocardial damage is suggested.

PMID- 6829325
TI  - Status epilepticus. Mechanisms of brain damage and treatment.

PMID- 6829326
TI  - Prognosis in neonatal seizures.

PMID- 6829327
TI  - Consequences of status epilepticus in infants and children.

PMID- 6829329
TI  - Experimental models of status epilepticus and mechanisms of drug action.

PMID- 6829330
TI  - Classification of status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829328
TI  - Neuropathology of status epilepticus in humans.

PMID- 6829331
TI  - Effects of repeated seizures on hippocampal neurons in the cat.

PMID- 6829332
TI  - Histopathological changes in the rat brain during bicuculline-induced status
      epilepticus.

PMID- 6829333
TI  - Cerebral energy metabolism during experimental status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829334
TI  - Local cerebral circulation and metabolism in bicuculline-induced status
      epilepticus: relevance for development of cell damage.

PMID- 6829335
TI  - Metabolic factors during prolonged seizures and their relation to nerve cell
      death.

PMID- 6829336
TI  - Status epilepticus in the limbic system: biochemical and pathological changes.

PMID- 6829337
TI  - Brain protein and DNA synthesis during seizures.

PMID- 6829338
TI  - Regulation of brain protein synthesis during status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829339
TI  - Status epilepticus: frequency, etiology, and neurological sequelae.
AB  - Status epilepticus is associated with high mortality and is a predictor of poor
      neurological outcome; yet the contribution of prolonged seizures to mortality and
      the causal sequence for neurological damage remain unclear. Many cases of status
      epilepticus are precipitated by illnesses that themselves are associated with
      increased mortality and morbidity. In studies of children, status epilepticus
      appears to be no better a predictor of an adverse outcome than is any seizure
      disorder starting at a similar age. Status epilepticus is a condition in which
      fast and definitive medical intervention is warranted. Random assignment to
      treatment groups is difficult. Evaluation of the effect of duration of seizures
      is also difficult, because those patients responding promptly to treatment may be
      quite a different population than those not responding. The study of cases of
      "nonconvulsive" status may provide information regarding the effect of these
      continuing ictal brain discharges, which can be evaluated without the confounding
      effects of concomitant metabolic (e.g., anoxic, pH, electrolyte) disturbances
      that accompany most cases of generalized status epilepticus. It is possible that
      appropriately designed prospective studies of status epilepticus and/or case
      control studies will assist in evaluating the contribution of a prolonged seizure
      per se over and above that associated with preexisting or concurrent illness.

PMID- 6829340
TI  - Effects of seizures on ion transport and membrane protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 6829341
TI  - Phenytoin and phosphorylation of nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 6829343
TI  - Inosine, hypoxanthine, and seizures.

PMID- 6829342
TI  - Protein phosphorylation, neuronal receptors, and seizures in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 6829344
TI  - Closed-circuit-televised videotape recording and electroencephalography
      (CCTV/EEG) in convulsive status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829345
TI  - General principles of treatment: responsive and intractable status epilepticus in
      adults.

PMID- 6829347
TI  - Medical complications of status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829348
TI  - Status epilepticus: nursing management.
AB  - During the acute phase of status epilepticus, the intensive care nurse performs
      constant neurological assessment and collaborative interventions to complete the
      treatment regimen for the patient. Then the nursing goals are directed toward
      maintaining optimal physiological functioning and preventing psychological
      stress. Through the maintenance, prevention, and support of the health care team,
      the patient receives quality care in the context of status epilepticus, a medical
      and nursing emergency.

PMID- 6829346
TI  - General principles of treatment: status epilepticus in neonates.

PMID- 6829350
TI  - Treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus with intravenous phenytoin.

PMID- 6829349
TI  - Efficacy of phenytoin in treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829351
TI  - A new phenytoin infusion concentrate for status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829352
TI  - Phenytoin in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 6829353
TI  - Benzodiazepines: efficacy in status epilepticus.
AB  - Both our personal experience and the findings of others indicate that the
      benzodiazepines (a) are the drugs of first choice for control of status
      epilepticus occurring in patients with primary generalized epilepsy (90%-100%
      effective) or control of hemiclonic convulsions in children without brain
      lesions, (b) are effective in approximately 60% of cases of status epilepticus
      occurring in partial epilepsy, (c) are effective in only 15% to 59% of cases of
      tonic status or various types of absence status occurring in secondary
      generalized epilepsy (but no other drug is more effective), (d) are helpful in
      status epilepticus occurring in nonepileptic patients if there is no overt brain
      lesion (but give only temporary relief when status is the result of a severe
      organic brain lesion), and (e) are generally safe drugs.

PMID- 6829354
TI  - Etiology of convulsive status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829356
TI  - Phenobarbital dosage for neonatal seizures.

PMID- 6829355
TI  - Combination therapy for status epilepticus: intravenous diazepam and phenytoin.

PMID- 6829357
TI  - Paraldehyde, chlormethiazole, and lidocaine for treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829358
TI  - General anesthesia in patients with epilepsy and status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829359
TI  - Status epilepticus: summary.

PMID- 6829360
TI  - Prognosis in convulsive status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829361
TI  - Petit mal status.
AB  - Petit mal status is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome of nonconvulsive status
      epilepticus. The EEG accompaniment is likewise heterogeneous. Petit mal status
      occurs at all ages. The characteristics of this syndrome are quite nonspecific
      and consist of (a) behavioral changes, usually associated with lethargy,
      slowness, and decreased mental function, (b) abnormal generalized continuous or
      nearly continuous epileptiform EEG activity, and (c) absence of gross tonic
      clonic activity or highly lateralized clonic activity. These criteria do not
      distinguish petit mal status from complex partial status. Clinical evidence for
      abruptness of recovery and EEG evidence for localization are required for this
      distinction, an important factor in therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 6829362
TI  - Complex partial status epilepticus.

PMID- 6829365
TI  - Who remembers Marjorie?

PMID- 6829363
TI  - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in childhood: clinical aspects and
      classification.

PMID- 6829366
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome: a family problem?

PMID- 6829367
TI  - The pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 6829368
TI  - Headaches.
AB  - Although classification can be difficult, determining the type of headache, such
      as tension, migraine or cluster, aids in the formulation of a therapeutic
      approach. Treatment involves regulation rather than cure. Acute and prophylactic
      pharmacotherapy and control of stress through behavior modification, relaxation
      training and biofeedback are methods of management.

PMID- 6829364
TI  - Status epilepticus in newborns: a perspective on neonatal seizures.

PMID- 6829370
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia.
AB  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign inflammatory disease of salivary gland
      origin. Because of its clinical and histologic resemblance to squamous cell
      carcinoma, this disease must be recognized. The cause is unknown, but it may be
      related to oral trauma, tobacco use or inadequate blood supply. The lesion heals
      spontaneously, regardless of therapy, in two to eight weeks.

PMID- 6829369
TI  - Benign intracranial calcification.

PMID- 6829371
TI  - Oral complications in cancer patients.
AB  - Ionizing radiation used in treating the head and neck area produces oral side
      effects such as mucositis, salivary changes, trismus and radiation caries.
      Sequelae of cancer chemotherapy often include oral stomatitis, myelosuppression
      and immunosuppression. Infections of dental origin in compromised patients are
      potentially lethal. Specific programs to eliminate dental pathology before
      radiation and chemotherapy, and to maintain oral hygiene during and after
      therapy, will minimize these complications.

PMID- 6829372
TI  - Standards for treatment of primary and secondary syphilis.
AB  - A total of 4.8 million u of benzathine penicillin G was used to treat 500
      patients with their first attack of primary syphilis and 522 with secondary
      syphilis. All patients with primary syphilis became seronegative within one year,
      and those with secondary syphilis within two years. The physician now has an
      objective norm in evaluating the effect of treatment in patients with their first
      attack of primary or secondary syphilis.

PMID- 6829373
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome.
AB  - Munchausen's syndrome is a chronic condition in which patients with factitious
      illness present with dramatic and sometimes self-inflicted signs and symptoms.
      Much investigation is needed to delineate the etiology and psychodynamics of this
      disorder. After other causes for the patient's condition have been ruled out and
      a firm diagnosis is made, cautious confrontation with long-term psychotherapy, if
      the patient is amenable, is thought to be the best approach.

PMID- 6829374
TI  - The amniotic band syndrome.
AB  - The amniotic band syndrome is characterized by severe cranial malformations and
      constriction defects of the limbs, due to fibrous bands that encircle the
      developing fetus. The obstetric course is usually unremarkable. One out of every
      5,000 newborns has this condition. It is not genetically based and therefore must
      be differentiated from other forms of birth defects.

PMID- 6829375
TI  - Acute viral pericarditis in children.

PMID- 6829376
TI  - Mixed venous oxygen.
AB  - In critically ill patients, measurement of mixed venous oxygenation is useful as
      an indicator of the adequacy of tissue oxygenation and as an indirect reflection
      of cardiac output. The flexible fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheter oximeter
      permits continuous in vivo measurements of the mixed venous oxygen saturation.
      However, in some groups of critically ill patients, such as those with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis, measurements of mixed venous oxygen may
      be misleading and should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 6829377
TI  - Management of leg ulcers.
AB  - Although leg ulcers have many causes, the most common etiology is venous or
      arterial insufficiency. The prime objective in the evaluation of leg ulcers is to
      uncover the precipitating pathologic process, and the first goal of therapy is to
      correct or control this underlying condition. Simple laboratory tests and office
      procedures are adjuncts in diagnosis. Topical care of leg ulcers includes gentle
      debridement, use of wet dressings and, in selected cases, skin grafting.

PMID- 6829378
TI  - Drug interactions.
AB  - Drug interactions have been implicated in approximately 7 percent of all reported
      adverse drug reactions. Although many drug interactions are not clinically
      significant, the potential for an interaction increases from 5.6 percent in
      patients receiving two drugs to 100 percent in patients receiving eight or more
      drugs. Drug interactions can involve alterations in the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, or can result
      from cumulative or antagonistic effects.

PMID- 6829380
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 6829379
TI  - Immunization update.
AB  - Passive immunization is available against rabies, varicella, tetanus and
      hepatitis A and B. Active immunization is, in general, more efficacious with live
      attenuated viruses than with many of the bacterial vaccines. Toxoids, too, are
      very effective immunizing agents. Immunization usually starts at two months of
      age with DTP and oral poliovirus vaccine. For patients at high risk for secondary
      complications, influenza and pneumococcal immunizations are advisable. Hepatitis
      B vaccine is now available for persons at high risk because of their occupations.

PMID- 6829381
TI  - Breast reconstruction.
AB  - Careful interdisciplinary planning and staging are required for suitable patients
      who desire breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. An early and positive
      approach helps to ease the emotional burden of mastectomy. In most cases, breasts
      can be reconstructed without additional skin or muscle flaps. When possible, the
      original nipple-areolar complex should be placed on a healthy de-epithelialized
      base. The position for nipple banking must be determined with precision. The
      opposite breast can be reduced and positioned to match the reconstructed breast.

PMID- 6829382
TI  - Alcoholism.

PMID- 6829383
TI  - Calcium channel blockers.

PMID- 6829384
TI  - Treatment of juvenile arthritis.
AB  - Aspirin remains the cornerstone of treatment for juvenile arthritis, although
      tolmetin may be more effective in controlling the fever of systemic-onset
      disease. Tolmetin and naproxen appear to be more effective in HLA-B27 positive
      males with pauciarticular disease. When the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      fail, gold, penicillamine and, occasionally, immunosuppressive agents may be used
      in the polyarticular forms. Prosthetic joint replacement may be beneficial for
      patients with extensive disease. The emotional and sexual problems of children
      with chronic disease require recognition and help.

PMID- 6829385
TI  - Sleep disorders in the elderly.
AB  - Sleep disorders are difficult to distinguish from changes in sleep typically
      occurring after age 60. Sleep laboratory evaluation is needed to differentiate
      normal sleep alterations from the similar but more severe symptoms of depression
      or organic brain syndrome, and to detect sleep apnea, the most common sleep
      disorder found in geriatric patients. This disorder may be fatal, especially if a
      hypnotic drug is prescribed. Since biologic rhythms are easily disturbed in the
      elderly, education about sleep habits may be the most helpful therapy.

PMID- 6829387
TI  - Equivocal karyotype analysis and prenatal counseling.
AB  - An uncertain amniotic fluid karyotype analysis may result in months of intense
      anxiety for the parents. An illustrative case demonstrates that thorough and
      accurate diagnostic steps, active involvement of the family physician,
      coordination of counseling efforts by all involved health-care professionals and
      attention to the social and financial concerns of the parents are helpful in this
      situation.

PMID- 6829386
TI  - Warthin's tumor.
AB  - Warthin's tumor is a benign neoplasm that most often arises in the parotid gland.
      The lesion is often clinically silent, but various radiographic studies are
      useful in establishing the diagnosis. Surgical resection generally results in a
      complete cure. The diagnosis of Warthin's tumor should be considered in any
      patient who presents with a mass lesion in the area of the parotid gland.

PMID- 6829388
TI  - Dry skin.
AB  - Dry skin is engendered by arid climate, aging, frequent bathing, oil-depleting
      soaps and indoor environmental factors. In addition, dry skin can be an important
      physical finding in hypothyroidism, occult carcinoma, lymphoma and renal or
      biliary disease. Treatment of dry skin involves restoring water to the epidermis
      by control of humidity and by removal of aggravating factors. Occlusive topical
      preparations maintain water in contact with the stratum corneum. Ointments are
      more occlusive than creams, lotions or gels.

PMID- 6829389
TI  - Pyridoxine-dependent seizures.
AB  - Pyridoxine-dependent seizures occur as a result of an increased requirement of
      the vitamin within the central nervous system. With early intervention, these
      seizures can be completely controlled by continued administration of
      pharmacologic doses of the vitamin. Without prompt treatment, continued seizures
      and irreversible neurologic damage result. This disorder should be considered in
      any infant with seizures that are hard to control.

PMID- 6829390
TI  - Metastatic spinal cord compression.
AB  - Spinal cord compression from metastatic cancer is a medical emergency. Prompt
      intervention affords the best chance for successful recovery, while delay may
      result in devastating neurologic impairment. In the appropriate clinical setting,
      emergency myelography should be done to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic
      disease. Dexamethasone should then be started, followed by immediate radiation
      therapy or surgical decompression.

PMID- 6829391
TI  - Evaluating the tympanic membranes of infants.

PMID- 6829392
TI  - Cutaneous sporotrichosis.
AB  - Gardeners, florists, lawn laborers and agricultural workers are routinely exposed
      to Sporothrix schenckii, as are those working in building supplies and nurseries.
      The primary lesion is an ulcer or a chancre, which is followed by the development
      of a lymphangitic cord with nodules along its course. Biopsy is not necessary and
      can worsen the infection. The culture technique is simple and provides definitive
      diagnosis. Systemic potassium iodide therapy rarely fails. Disseminated disease
      is rare except in immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 6829393
TI  - Venous thrombosis during pregnancy.
AB  - Venous thrombosis during pregnancy can present a difficult diagnostic and
      therapeutic dilemma. To prevent pulmonary embolism, an early, accurate diagnosis
      of deep venous thrombosis must be made and appropriate heparin therapy must be
      instituted. Contrast and radionuclide venography are valuable diagnostic
      techniques. Prophylactic, subcutaneously administered heparin is useful in
      preventing deep venous thrombosis in the high-risk pregnant patient. Warfarin is
      not recommended because of its effect on the fetus.

PMID- 6829396
TI  - Ascites.

PMID- 6829395
TI  - Limulus lysate assay for gonorrhea.
AB  - The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay is currently being studied for use in
      diagnosing gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis syndromes and as a screening test for
      gonococcal cervicitis. Experience shows that the test can be adapted to office
      use by private physicians, providing rapid, accurate results in situations where
      laboratory facilities are unavailable. Further modifications are improving the
      speed and interpretation of results.

PMID- 6829394
TI  - Personality disorders.
AB  - Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible maladaptive traits that
      cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Categories
      of personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic,
      antisocial, borderline, avoidant, dependent, compulsive and passive-aggressive.
      The inflexible nature of these disorders and the lack of an alternative
      behavioral repertoire result in an inability to cope with environmental pressure.
      The goal of management is the development of healthier behavioral responses to
      stress. A personality change in older patients suggests organic disease.

PMID- 6829397
TI  - Tuberculosis therapy.

PMID- 6829400
TI  - Response of the right ventricle to exercise in patients with chronic heart
      disease.
AB  - The response of the right ventricle to exercise was examined in 19 patients with
      heart disease by constructing right ventricular function curves and determining
      the relationship between right ventricular afterload and preload. Simultaneous
      cardiac output and right heart pressures were measured at rest, during exercise,
      and 10 minutes after exercise. The patients were divided into two groups: those
      in whom the mean right atrial pressure did not rise above 7 mm Hg during exercise
      (group I, nine patients) and those in whom this variable did rise above 7 mm Hg
      (group II, 10 patients). A normal range for right ventricular function curves was
      derived from data reported in the literature. All of the patients in group I
      remained within this normal range during exercise. Half the patients in group II,
      however, fell outside the normal range during exercise. For all 19 patients, a
      linear relationship existed between right ventricular preload and afterload
      during exercise with a correlation between right atrial mean pressure and
      pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of r = 0.86.

PMID- 6829398
TI  - Chronic recurrent right ventricular tachycardia in patients without ischemic
      heart disease: clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings.
AB  - Surgical cure of right ventricular tachycardia (RVT) has been recently described
      in patients with "arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia," a disease
      characterized by abnormal electrical activation of the right ventricle and
      localized or generalized angiographic right ventricular (RV) wall motion
      abnormalities (WMA). In search of a selective RV cardiomyopathy complicated by
      chronic recurrent RVT, 38 consecutive patients (mean age 30.5 +/- 12 years) with
      RVT and no ischemic heart disease were studied clinically, noninvasively, and by
      cardiac catheterization including left and right ventriculography. RV volumes
      were as follow: end-systolic volume ranged from 23 to 103 (mean +/- SD, 45.8 +/-
      20) cc/m2 and was abnormal in 14 patients (37%); end-diastolic volume ranged from
      57 to 138 (90.5 +/- 26) cc/m2 and was abnormal in 15 patients (39%); ejection
      fraction (EF) ranged from 0.18 to 0.64 and was decreased in five patients (13%).
      Seventeen patients (45%) had abnormal RV volume, EF, and/or pressures (RVD), five
      (13%) of whom had abnormal LV volume, EF, and/or pressures (LVD), and 12 (32%)
      patients with RVD had no LVD. Twenty-one patients (55%) had no RVD, two of whom
      had LVD. Only two of the 17 patients had RV regional WMA, one with and one
      without LVD. Most patients with LVD five of seven (71%) also had RVD while 12 of
      31 patients (39%) with no LVD had RVD. In conclusion, less than one half of
      patients with RVT had selective RV cardiomyopathy and more than one half of
      patients with RVT had normal RV hemodynamics and angiography.

PMID- 6829399
TI  - Regional myocardial perfusion at rest and during intracoronary papaverine in
      patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Regional myocardial perfusion was measured in 32 patients with the xenon-133
      washout technique at rest and after 5 mg of intracoronary papaverine. Areas of
      decreased perfusion and/or decreased vasodilation were identified visually from
      computer-generated functional images. The locations of arteries and stenoses,
      obtained from identically positioned cineangiograms, were overlaid on the
      functional images. Perfusion rates for 62 myocardial regions were calculated and
      correlated with the percentage of stenosis. There was no association between
      degree of stenosis and perfusion at rest. Regional myocardial perfusion increased
      after papaverine in regions supplied by coronary arteries without stenoses (0% to
      25%), 88.6 +/- 4.7 ml/min/100 gm. This increase was significantly greater (p less
      than 0.001) than the increase in regions supplied by 51% to 75% stenoses (23.7 +/
      6.3 ml/min/100 gm), or 76% to 99% stenoses (12.9 +/- 6.3 ml/min/100 gm), or 100%
      stenoses (2.5 +/- 3.8 ml/min/100 gm). Thus there was an inverse relationship
      between the increase in myocardial perfusion stimulated by papaverine and the
      degree of coronary artery stenosis measured angiographically. In regions supplied
      by two stenoses in series, vasodilation produced less of an increase than a
      single stenosis of a similar degree.

PMID- 6829401
TI  - Functional consequences of interventricular septal involvement in right
      ventricular infarction: echocardiographic, clinical, and hemodynamic
      observations.
AB  - Although ischemic involvement of the interventricular septum (IVS) may occur in
      patients with right ventricular infarction (RVI), the potential functional
      significance of such involvement has not been explored. In 10 patients with
      hemodynamically evident RVI, ischemic involvement of the IVS was assessed by
      measuring IVS systolic thickening on M-mode echocardiography. Six patients (group
      I) had decreased IVS systolic thickening, an echocardiographic indicator of
      ischemia, or infarction, while four (group II) did not. Group I had significantly
      higher right ventricular filling pressures (19 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 5 mm Hg, p = 0.04)
      and right ventricular end-diastolic echocardiographic dimensions (32 +/- 8 vs 20
      +/- 3 mm; p = 0.02) than group II. Paradoxic septal motion was noted only in
      group I patients (p = 0.01). Left ventricular filling pressures, left ventricular
      end-diastolic dimensions, and systolic thickening of the left ventricular
      posterior wall (LVPW) were not significantly different between the groups. Three
      group I patients died; all had decreased systolic thickening of both the IVS and
      LVPW. In each, autopsy confirmed infarction of the right ventricular free wall,
      IVS, and LVPW. In patients with right ventricular infarction, ischemic
      involvement of the interventricular septum may have important consequences for
      both right and left ventricular function.

PMID- 6829402
TI  - Direct determination of distribution volume and disappearance rate of native
      creatine kinase in humans.
AB  - Distribution volume (DV) and disappearance rate (Kd) of native creatine kinase
      (CK), parameters needed for enzymatic estimation of infarct size, have not been
      characterized in humans. Values for these parameters have been determined in
      experimental models and extrapolated for use in humans. During hemodynamic
      monitoring, 100 to 150 ml of enzyme-rich plasma was collected from 10 patients
      with acute myocardial infarction, stored at -30 degrees C for a maximum of 6
      days, and then rapidly reinfused back to the same patient after return of CK
      serum activity to baseline levels. After reinfusion, blood samples were obtained
      at 5- to 15-minute intervals for 2 hours and at 30- to 60-minute intervals for an
      additional 10 hours. In each specimen, total CK activity and MM-CK and MB-CK
      concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry and radioimmunoassay. Data
      were analyzed by either nonlinear least-squares approximation or the
      noncompartmental approach after baseline subtraction. Concentration of
      immunologically active molecules appeared to decline in parallel to enzymatic
      activity. In three patients a double exponential decay was demonstrated. All
      others exhibited single exponential decay, with a Kd of 0.0023 +/- 0.00057 (SD)
      min-1. DV averaged 3284 +/- 693 (SD) ml, 5% of body weight. There was no
      correlation between Kd estimated from terminal portions of CK time-activity
      curves following infarction and Kd calculated after reinfused plasma. It was
      concluded that a one-compartment model using values for Kd and a DV compatible
      with plasma volume is suitable for clinical application, and that true Kd cannot
      be determined from the terminal portion of CK time-activity curves after acute
      infarction.

PMID- 6829403
TI  - The roles of serum myoglobin, total CPK, and CK-MB isoenzyme in the acute phase
      of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Frequent blood samples were drawn for determination of serum myoglobin, creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK), and the MB isoenzyme of CPK (CPK-MB) in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI). Significantly elevated levels of myoglobin were
      present 1.5 hours following onset of chest pain and predated elevations of CPK
      and CPK-MB by 3 hours. No evidence of the previously described "staccato"
      phenomenon was found. Due to very frequent blood sampling, a detailed picture of
      the evolution over time of the above indices was obtained. Significant
      differences were found in the biochemical profile of anterior wall infarction and
      diaphragmatic wall MI. A time-sensitivity curve (showing sensitivity of the assay
      at each time following onset of symptoms) was obtained for myoglobin, CPK, and
      CPK-MB. It appears that myoglobin is the most sensitive biochemical indicator of
      AMI in its early phase and since it decreases rapidly back to normal values, it
      can serve as an invaluable aid in the diagnosis of reinfarction and infarct
      extension. CPK-MB is a less sensitive indicator of MI but has the advantage of
      greater specificity.

PMID- 6829404
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoking on fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL
      cholesterol in women.
AB  - We examined the relationships of cigarette smoking with fasting triglycerides,
      total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels among
      a group of 191 white women aged 20 to 40 years. The mean triglyceride level among
      current smokers was 100.0 mg/100 ml and among nonsmokers was 68.4 mg/dl (p less
      than 0.005). Mean total cholesterol values among current smokers and nonsmokers
      were, respectively, 197.0 and 189.1 mg/dl (p less than 0.1). Mean HDL-C levels
      were 45.0 mg/dl among women who were smoking and 52.1 mg/dl among nonsmokers (p
      less than 0.005). Simultaneous adjustments for the effects of age, weight,
      height, blood glucose, resting pulse, and oral contraceptive use did not
      materially alter these relationships. A modest portion of the effect of cigarette
      smoking on risk of coronary heart disease may be explained by an adverse effect
      of cigarette smoking on blood lipids.

PMID- 6829405
TI  - Transseptal left-heart catheterization with Swan-Ganz flow-directed catheter.
AB  - Four cases of transseptal left-heart catheterization with the use of a Swan-Ganz
      flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter are reported. An 8.5F Teflon catheter
      covered with a Teflon tube (4 mm outer diameter) was inserted into the left
      atrium by the Brockenbrough technique. A Swan-Ganz catheter was then introduced
      into the left atrium through the Teflon tube and left-heart catheterization was
      performed. Unlike conventional methods, this method made it easier to insert a
      catheter into the left ventricle and also enabled advancement of the catheter
      into the aorta. Our experience suggests that this method is a valuable addition
      to cardiac catheterization laboratories.

PMID- 6829406
TI  - Dual left anterior descending coronary artery: angiographic description of
      important variants and surgical implications.
AB  - Twenty-three cases of an anatomic variant of the left anterior descending artery
      (LAD) are described. This variant is termed "dual LAD" and consists of two
      branches which supply the usual distribution of the LAD. One branch (short LAD)
      terminates in the proximal aspect of the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS).
      A second, longer branch has a variable course outside the AIVS and returns to the
      AIVS distally. The long LAD arose from the LAD proper in 21 cases and from the
      RCA in two cases. The initial course of the long LAD was on the epicardial
      surface of the left ventricle (17 cases), right ventricle (three cases), or
      within the interventricular septum (three cases). Recognition of these variants
      is important for correct surgical identification of the short and long LADs.

PMID- 6829407
TI  - Echo-phonocardiographic features of regurgitant porcine mitral and tricuspid
      valves presenting with musical murmurs.
AB  - Echophonographic findings of three patients with spontaneous degeneration of
      porcine tricuspid and mitral valves presenting with musical murmurs are reported.
      Echocardiography in all these patients revealed systolic or diastolic cusp
      flutter similar in frequency to the musical murmur on simultaneously recorded
      phonocardiogram. Porcine tricuspid regurgitation is usually well tolerated and
      can be followed clinically for many years. However, patients with mitral porcine
      valves usually become symptomatic or present with congestive heart failure and
      usually require valve surgery soon after clinical or echo-phonocardiographic
      findings of valve regurgitation appear.

PMID- 6829408
TI  - Closed chest permanent atrioventricular block in dogs.
AB  - Ten mongrel dogs underwent transcutaneous His bundle ablation by means of pulsed
      synchronized electrical shocks delivered between an electrode catheter adjacent
      to the His bundle and a metal plate behind the dog's back. Detailed histologic
      studies were performed 3 months after induction of stable complete
      atrioventricular (AV) block in nine dogs. The ventricular response ranged from 35
      to 51 beats/min (bpm). Graded increases in overdrive ventricular pacing resulted
      in graded increases in pacemaker suppression up to a paced cycle length of 450
      msec. All dogs showed extensive damage to the approaches to the AV node, the AV
      node, and the penetrating portion of the common bundle. This technique resulted
      in complete AV block with typical features of an infranodal pacemaker and
      correlated with the histologic findings of severe damage to the AV junction. The
      minimal myocardial damage suggests that this technique may be applicable for
      control of drug refractory supraventricular arrhythmias in humans.

PMID- 6829412
TI  - Aortic valve stenosis and left ventricular apical aneurysm and/or rupture: real
      or potential complications of persistent left ventricular systolic hypertension
      after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6829409
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular papillary
      muscles in their long axes: a new cross-sectional approach.

PMID- 6829411
TI  - Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage simulating acute transmural myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6829413
TI  - Mitral valve calcification in congenital mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6829410
TI  - Effects of coughing following coronary artery contrast injections.

PMID- 6829414
TI  - Chronic post-rheumatic fever arthropathy of Jaccoud.

PMID- 6829415
TI  - Multiple coronary arteriocameral fistulas associated with d-transposition of the
      great vessels.

PMID- 6829419
TI  - Six women pharmacists: a personal perspective.

PMID- 6829417
TI  - Malfunction of mitral Bjork-Shiley valve.

PMID- 6829418
TI  - Women in pharmacy--where are we now?

PMID- 6829416
TI  - Electrophysiologic actions of amiodarone.

PMID- 6829420
TI  - APhA's office of women's affairs.

PMID- 6829422
TI  - Reflections on prescribing pharmacists. A clinical blueprint.

PMID- 6829421
TI  - Return goods management.

PMID- 6829424
TI  - Respiratory tract deposition of polydisperse aerosols in humans.
AB  - Total and regional deposition of polydisperse aerosols in the human respiratory
      tract are studied theoretically. The size distribution of the aerosol is assumed
      to be lognormal. For a given mass median particle diameter, mass deposition
      fraction is found to vary with the geometric standard deviation of the aerosol.
      The departure of the deposition pattern in various regions of the respiratory
      system from that of a monodisperse aerosol is interpreted in terms of the average
      mobility effect and deposition limitation effect of the polydisperse aerosol
      together with the sequential filtering effect of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 6829423
TI  - Respiratory effects of two-hour exposure with intermittent exercise to ozone,
      sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide alone and in combination in normal subjects.
AB  - Seven adult male healthy volunteer subjects were exposed to 0.15 ppm each of O3,
      SO2 and NO2 alone and in combination, with intermittent light exercise for two
      hours. Three of the 7 subjects developed cough during deep inspiration and one
      subject had chest pain during exposure to O3 alone. Among the various indices of
      pulmonary function tests, specific airway conductane (Gaw/Vtg) was the most
      sensitive index to examine the changes produced by the exposure to O3 and other
      pollutants. Significant decrease of Gaw/Vtg in comparison with control
      measurements was observed in 6 of 7 subjects during exposure to O3 alone, and in
      all subjects during exposures to the mixture of O3 and other pollutants. However,
      no significant enhancement of effect was observed in the mixture of O3 and other
      pollutants, although a slightly greater decrease of Gaw/Vtg was observed for the
      mixture of O3 and other pollutants than for O3 alone.

PMID- 6829425
TI  - Effect of mixing conditions on irritant potency of zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide.
AB  - Measurement of mechanics of respiration in guinea pigs was used to assess the
      irritant potency of zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide mixed under different
      conditions of temperature and humidity. Concentrations were 1-2 mg/m3 zinc oxide
      and 1 ppm sulfur dioxide. Dry conditions of mixing (Chamber RH 30%) either at 24
      degrees C in the exposure chamber or at 480 degrees C in a dry furnace gave a
      biological response which could be completely accounted for by responses to zinc
      oxide and/or sulfur dioxide alone. Chemical examination of the aerosols did not
      indicate the formation of particulate sulfur species. Zinc oxide and sulfur
      dioxide mixed dry at 480 degrees C and fed into the exposure chamber at 80% RH
      reacted to produce an irritant aerosol as evidenced by a rapid increase to levels
      29% above control; reversal was rapid when exposure ended. Chemical studies
      indicated the presence of sulfite on these aerosols. Addition of water vapor to
      the furnace during mixing at 480 degrees C produced a different irritant aerosol.
      The resistance rose slowly to 19% above control values and remained elevated
      during the post-exposure hour. Chemical studies indicated the presence of
      sulfate, sulfite, and adsorbed sulfur trioxide on these aerosols.

PMID- 6829427
TI  - Effectiveness of prazosin as initial antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - After nearly 10 years in clinical use, prazosin has been shown in numerous
      studies worldwide to be an effective antihypertensive agent over the entire range
      of hypertension (mild, moderate, and severe), when used alone or in multitherapy.
      In addition to its general effectiveness, prazosin is particularly useful in
      specific subpopulations of hypertensive patients, such as those with impaired
      renal function, those on hemodialysis, and those with concomitant heart block,
      bronchospasm, diabetes mellitus, or disturbed carbohydrate metabolism,
      hyperlipidemia, or hyperuricemia. The side effects of prazosin are usually mild
      and transient and seldom require discontinuation of the drug. Sexual dysfunction
      is uncommon. In clinical experience with 22,000 patients receiving an initial
      dose of 1 mg of prazosin, syncope was reported in 1 of every 667 patients
      (0.15%). Withholding diuretics for 1 day before initiating prazosin therapy,
      utilizing prazosin as first-line therapy, limiting the initial dose to 1 mg, and
      taking it at bedtime are all helpful in eliminating many of the initial adverse
      effects. Fluid retention, although rare and not as pronounced as that with other
      antihypertensive agents, may develop on long-term therapy and may necessitate the
      addition of a diuretic later on.

PMID- 6829426
TI  - New approaches to the therapy of mild hypertension.
AB  - Concern about the initial use of diuretic agents under the stepped-care approach
      to the treatment of hypertension has been voiced before. Recently, however, the
      level of concern has risen as the results of various trials have questioned the
      safety of these agents in mild hypertension. Diuretic-induced hypokalemia has
      been reported in 10 to 30% of patients on long-term treatment. Recent studies
      show that hypokalemia may lead to previously unsuspected and potentially fatal
      arrhythmias, particularly after infarction. Increases in plasma cholesterol of 10
      to 20 mg/dl may occur with diuretic therapy. Diuretics are also known to decrease
      glucose tolerance. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, although useful in many
      situations, are contraindicated in about 25% of the hypertensive population.
      These agents may also pose a long-term atherogenic risk because of their adverse
      effect on lipid and glucose metabolism. If all these effects have the potential
      to increase the risk of coronary heart disease over the long term, then first
      line administration of diuretic therapy and, to a lesser extent, beta-blocking
      therapy, to the 25 to 30 million Americans with diastolic pressure in the 90 to
      100 mm Hg range must obviously be reassessed. Various alternative therapies,
      including withholding drugs for 6 months in patients with diastolic pressure of
      90 to 100 mm Hg, using hygienic measures in patients not otherwise at high risk,
      and using other drugs such as the alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor prazosin for
      initial therapy are discussed and evaluated.

PMID- 6829429
TI  - Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of combined inferior myocardial
      infarction and left anterior hemiblock.
AB  - New electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for diagnosing the combination of
      inferior myocardial infarction and left anterior hemiblock are proposed. The
      proposed criteria are based upon the relations between portions of the
      vectorcardiographic QRS loop in the frontal plane and the corresponding portions
      of the QRS complexes recorded by the limb leads. The application of the proposed
      criteria requires that the tracings be obtained with 3-channel ECG machines. The
      proposed criteria for the diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction and left
      anterior hemiblock are as follows: (1) leads aVR and aVL both end in R waves,
      with the peak of the terminal R wave in lead aVR occurring later than the peak of
      the terminal R wave in lead aVL, and (2) a Q wave of any magnitude is present in
      lead II. The performance of the proposed criteria was superior to that of 10
      combinations of traditional ECG criteria for inferior myocardial infarction and
      left anterior hemiblock.

PMID- 6829430
TI  - Improved electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left anterior
      hemiblock.
AB  - New electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for the diagnosis of left anterior
      hemiblock are proposed. The proposed criteria are based upon the relation between
      portions of the vectorcardiographic (VCG) QRS loop in the frontal plane and the
      corresponding portions of the ECG QRS complexes recorded by the limb leads. The
      application of the proposed criteria requires that the tracings be obtained with
      3-channel ECG machines so that the temporal relation between the QRS complexes in
      simultaneously recorded limb leads can be inspected. This type of analysis of the
      electrocardiogram permits prediction of features of the VCG QRS loop that are
      important for the diagnosis of left anterior hemiblock. The proposed ECG criteria
      for the diagnosis of left anterior hemiblock are (1) the QRS complexes in leads
      aVR and aVL each end in an R wave (terminal R wave), and (2) the peak of the
      terminal R wave in lead aVR occurs later than the peak of the terminal R wave in
      lead aVL. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed criteria were
      empirically evaluated using series of electrocardiograms obtained under clinical
      circumstances during which the occurrence of left anterior hemiblock was,
      respectively, likely and unlikely. The performance of the proposed criteria was
      statistically superior to that of 2 sets of frontal plane QRS axis criteria.

PMID- 6829428
TI  - Effect of intravenous and intracoronary nifedipine on coronary blood flow and
      myocardial oxygen consumption.
AB  - The effect of intravenous and intracoronary nifedipine on coronary sinus blood
      flow, coronary vascular resistance, and myocardial oxygen consumption was studied
      in 20 patients with coronary artery disease. An intravenous infusion of 1.0 mg
      nifedipine resulted in a decrease in mean aortic pressure, an increase in heart
      rate and coronary blood flow, and no significant change in myocardial, oxygen
      consumption. In contrast, the intracoronary injection of 0.1 mg nifedipine led to
      a moderate reduction in mean aortic pressure, no change in heart rate, an
      increase in coronary blood flow, and a significant reduction in myocardial oxygen
      consumption. During rapid atrial pacing before and approximately 6 minutes after
      the intracoronary nifedipine injection, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen
      consumption reached identical levels. Thus, only intracoronary injection of
      nifedipine increases coronary flow in the presence of reduced myocardial oxygen
      consumption. After intravenous administration, reflex tachycardia counteracts the
      direct myocardial effect of nifedipine and the potential oxygen-saving effect of
      afterload reduction. There is no evidence of a prolonged oxygen-sparing effect
      after cessation of the immediate effects.

PMID- 6829431
TI  - Effects of provocation on transcardiac thromboxane in patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - Thromboxane A2 exerts powerful effects on vascular smooth muscle tone and
      platelet aggregability. Previous studies have demonstrated increases in
      transcardiac thromboxane B2 (a stable thromboxane A2 metabolite) in patients with
      unstable angina and recent chest pain. To determine whether these increases in
      transcardiac thromboxane B2 are unique to the unstable anginal syndrome or are
      merely a consequence of ongoing myocardial ischemia, simultaneous ascending
      aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for quantitation of
      thromboxane B2 in 52 patients with a history of chest pain. Provocation was
      performed with (1) rapid cardiac pacing in 23 patients, (2) cold pressor stress
      in 19 patients, and (3) sustained isometric exertion in 10 patients. Of the 52
      patients, only 5 had a substantial (greater than 3-fold) increase in coronary
      sinus thromboxane B2 in response to provocation: 1 had unstable angina and chest
      pain during the previous 48 hours and 4 had a myocardial infarction within the
      previous 6 weeks. Similarly, only 7 had a greater than 3-fold increase in the
      coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B2 ratio in response to provocation: 1 had
      unstable angina and recent chest pain, 5 had a recent myocardial infarction, and
      1 had both of these. There were no other clinical features unique to these
      patients. The remaining patients with similar diagnoses did not develop a marked
      increase in coronary sinus thromboxane B2 or the coronary sinus/aortic
      thromboxane B2 ratio with provocation. None of the 35 patients with stable
      ischemic heart disease or nonischemic chest pain syndromes had a substantial
      increase in coronary sinus thromboxane B2 or the coronary sinus/aortic
      thromboxane B2 ratio (p less than 0.001 for both coronary sinus thromboxane B2
      and the coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B2 ratio in comparison with the 17
      patients with recent unstable angina or myocardial infarction). Thus, generous
      amounts of thromboxane B2 are released into the coronary circulation after
      provocation in some patients with unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction
      but not in those with stable ischemic heart disease or nonischemic chest pain
      syndromes.

PMID- 6829432
TI  - Radionuclide-determined changes in pulmonary blood volume and thallium lung
      uptake in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Exercise-induced increases in radionuclide-determined pulmonary blood volume
      (PBV) and thallium lung uptake have been described in patients with coronary
      artery disease (CAD) and have been shown to correlate with transient exercise
      induced left ventricular dysfunction. To compare these 2 techniques in the same
      patients, 74 patients (59 with and 15 without significant CAD) underwent supine
      bicycle exercise twice on the same day--first for thallium myocardial and lung
      imaging and then for technetium-99m gated blood pool imaging for the PBV ratio
      determination. Thallium activity of lung and myocardium was determined to
      calculate thallium lung/heart ratio. Relative changes in PBV from rest to
      exercise were expressed as a ratio of pulmonary counts (exercise/rest).
      Previously reported normal ranges for thallium lung/heart ratio and PBV ratio
      were used. The PBV ratio and thallium lung/heart ratio were abnormal in 71 and
      36%, respectively, of patients with CAD (p less than 0.01). Both ratios were
      normal in all patients without CAD. Although the resting ejection fractions did
      not differ significantly in patients with normal versus those with abnormal PBV
      ratios or thallium lung/heart ratios, abnormal PBV ratios and thallium lung/heart
      ratios were associated with an exercise-induced decrease in ejection fraction.
      Propranolol use was significantly higher in patients with abnormal than in those
      with normal thallium lung/heart ratios (p less than 0.01). No significant
      difference in propranolol use was present in patients with abnormal or normal PBV
      ratios. IN CONCLUSION: (1) the prevalence of an abnormal thallium lung/heart
      ratio is less than that of the PBV ratio in patients with CAD; (2) both tests are
      normal in normal control subjects; (3) propranolol does not cause abnormal
      results in normal control subjects; however, propranolol may influence lung
      thallium uptake in patients with CAD; and (4) when both tests are abnormal, there
      is a high likelihood of multivessel disease.

PMID- 6829434
TI  - Beneficial effects of ibuprofen in pacing-induced myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Lysosomal membrane instability and platelet activation are both associated with
      acute myocardial ischemia. The effect of ibuprofen on cathepsin D as a marker of
      lysosomal membrane "leakiness" and thromboxane B2 as a marker of platelet
      activation was evaluated in 44 patients with angina pectoris. Samples of blood
      analyzed for cathepsin D, thromboxane B2, and lactate were withdrawn from the
      coronary sinus and brachial artery before and after pacing to 140 beats/min for 4
      minutes. Myocardial ischemia was assessed by determination of transmyocardial
      lactate extraction or production. Ibuprofen (800 mg) or placebo was administered
      orally 2 hours before cardiac catheterization. Patients were classified into 4
      groups on the basis of administration of placebo or ibuprofen and the presence or
      absence of myocardial ischemia as determined by demonstration of lactate
      extraction or production after atrial pacing. In patients with lactate
      extraction, no significant efflux of cathepsin D or thromboxane B2 occurred after
      pacing. In patients with lactate production given placebo, a 64 +/- 25% increase
      in the thromboxane B2 level and a 113 +/- 37% increase in cathepsin D activities
      occurred in the coronary sinus effluent sampled after pacing. In contrast, in
      patients with comparable coronary artery disease and comparable lactate
      production who were given ibuprofen, no release of thromboxane B2 (p = 0.05
      compared with patients given placebo) or cathepsin D (p less than 0.01 compared
      with patients given placebo) occurred after pacing-induced ischemia. These
      findings suggest that ibuprofen stabilizes membranes and prevents platelet
      activated release of thromboxane A2 in pacing-induced myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 6829433
TI  - Sinus node coronary arteries studied with angiography.
AB  - Coronary angiograms of 309 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography
      were reviewed to investigate the blood supply to the sinus node area. Blood was
      supplied from the right coronary artery in 59% of cases, from the left coronary
      artery in 38%, and from both coronary arteries in 3%. The posterior sinus node
      artery was demonstrated in 32 patients (27% of the 119 patients with the sinus
      node artery originating from the left circumflex and 10.5% of all patients).

PMID- 6829436
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of flecainide acetate for paroxysmal reentrant
      junctional tachycardias.
AB  - Intravenous flecainide acetate was administered to 33 patients undergoing routine
      electrophysiologic study: 18 patients had a direct accessory atrioventricular
      (AV) pathway and 15 patients had functional longitudinal A-H dissociation (dual A
      H pathways). Flecainide was given to 14 patients during sustained AV reentrant
      tachycardia and to 9 patients during sustained intra-AV nodal reentrant
      tachycardia. AV reentrant tachycardia was successfully terminated in 12 of 14
      patients. Tachycardia termination was due to retrograde accessory pathway block
      in 11 patients and AV nodal block in 1. During flecainide administration,
      tachycardia cycle lengths increased (327 +/- 55 to 426 +/- 84 ms) principally
      because of retrograde conduction delay in the accessory pathway (127 +/- 34 to
      197 +/- 67 ms). After flecainide administration, tachycardia reinitiation was not
      possible in 6 patients. In all 18 patients with accessory AV pathway conduction,
      flecainide significantly increased both anterograde and retrograde accessory
      pathway effective refractory periods, with anterograde accessory pathway block in
      3 patients and retrograde accessory pathway block in 8. Intra-AV nodal reentrant
      tachycardia was successfully terminated in 8 of 9 patients. Tachycardia
      termination was due to retrograde "fast" A-H pathway block in 7 patients and
      anterograde "slow" A-H pathway block in 1 patient. During flecainide
      administration, tachycardia cycle lengths increased (326 +/- 50 to 433 +/- 64 ms)
      due to both anterograde, A-H and H-V (AV 242 +/- 97 to 343 +/- 75 ms), and
      retrograde, earliest ventricular to earliest atrial (51 +/- 14 to 70 +/- 23 ms)
      conduction delay. After flecainide administration, reinitiation of intra-AV nodal
      reentrant tachycardia was not possible in 4 patients. In all 15 patients with
      dual A-H pathways, flecainide selectively prolonged the retrograde effective
      refractory period of the fast A-H pathway, having little effect on anterograde
      fast A-H pathway refractoriness or on anterograde and retrograde slow A-H pathway
      refractoriness. Anterograde fast A-H pathway block occurred in 1 patient and
      retrograde fast A-H pathway block occurred in 6 patients. No serious adverse
      effects were encountered during the study. Flecainide acetate is an effective
      agent for the acute termination of both orthodromic AV and intra-AV nodal
      reentrant tachycardias. This antiarrhythmic action appears to be mediated through
      a predominant effect on either accessory AV pathway or retrograde fast A-H
      pathway refractoriness.

PMID- 6829435
TI  - Disopyramide: evaluation of electrophysiologic effects and clinical efficacy in
      patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - The efficacy of disopyramide in the management of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) was evaluated in 50 patients by
      programmed ventricular stimulation: 38 patients had coronary artery disease (16
      with left ventricular aneurysm), 8 had other cardiac diseases, and 4 had no
      apparent heart disease. Disopyramide was administered orally for 72 hours (dosage
      400 to 1,600 mg/day), resulting in a plasma level of 3.6 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml
      (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]). Disopyramide prevented induction of sustained
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 17 patients (34%) and failed to prevent induction
      in 33 patients (66%). Plasma levels were not significantly different regardless
      of response to disopyramide. The VT cycle length in patients responding to
      disopyramide was shorter than in nonresponding patients (225 +/- 51 ms versus 281
      +/- 70 ms, p = 0.005). Disopyramide increased VT cycle length in those patients
      in whom it was ineffective (failed to prevent induction) from 281 +/- 70 ms to
      347 +/- 64 ms (p less than 0.001). Ventricular refractory periods, QRS, and QTc
      durations significantly increased after disopyramide administration. Of the 17
      patients in whom tachyarrhythmias were noninducible on disopyramide, 11 were
      discharged on disopyramide and followed up for 19 +/- 9 months; 9 of them
      remained free of VT. Heart failure developed in 2 of these patients. One other
      patient in whom disopyramide was ineffective had irreversible heart failure and
      died. It is concluded that disopyramide (1) prevents induction of ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias in one third of patients studied and remains clinically
      effective in approximately 80%, (2) is more frequently effective in rapid
      tachycardias, (3) prolongs the VT cycle length when ineffective, and (4) may
      produce marked hemodynamic embarrassment in patients with significant left
      ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 6829439
TI  - Predictability of blood pressure response to isometric stress.
AB  - Isometric exercise causes transient systemic hypertension, but with individual
      differences. An attempt was made to delineate predictors of those differences by
      analyzing the blood pressure (BP) response in terms of variables readily measured
      in clinical practice. For each of 270 office patients, we determined blood
      pressure, heart rate (HR), electrocardiographic findings, and symptoms in
      response to maximal isometric and maximal dynamic exercise. For systolic BP
      response as the predicted measure, 4 predictor variables in combination,
      including age, sex, resting systolic BP, and maximal treadmill systolic BP,
      yielded 70% predictability. For diastolic BP, 5 predictors in combination,
      including handgrip strength, resting diastolic BP, treadmill HR, systolic BP, and
      diastolic BP, allowed 66% prediction. Not predictive of either were resting HR,
      abnormality of treadmill test, presence of heart disease, and certain other
      medical diagnoses.

PMID- 6829437
TI  - Cardiac effects of treatment with quinidine and digoxin, alone and in
      combination.
AB  - Systolic time intervals (QS2-I and LVET-I) and echocardiographically determined
      ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were recorded
      in 10 healthy volunteers as measures of inotropic effect during maintenance
      treatment with 4 consecutive drug regimens: (1) quinidine, 1,200 mg/day; (2)
      digoxin, average dose 0.31 mg/day; (3) the combination of (1) and (2); and (4)
      digoxin alone (average dose 0.65 mg/day) to provide the same steady-state serum
      concentration of digoxin as during the period with combination of digoxin and
      quinidine. The steady-state serum concentration of digoxin during the low-dose
      regimen increased from 0.72 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) to 1.63
      +/- 0.28 nmol/liter when quinidine was added. With the high dose of digoxin
      alone, the serum digoxin level reached 1.68 +/- 0.50 nmol/liter. Skeletal muscle
      digoxin concentrations during these periods were 27.7 +/- 8.3, 48.7 +/- 16.2, and
      51.6 +/- 23.6 nmol/kg of dry weight, respectively. The skeletal muscle to serum
      concentration ratio of digoxin decreased significantly during quinidine
      treatment. Systolic time intervals were significantly prolonged by quinidine
      alone and shortened by digoxin alone, the latter effect being dose-dependent.
      Subtracting the effect of quinidine itself, the induced increase in digoxin level
      caused a significant increase in inotropic effect. When these corrected values
      were compared with those attained during the period with the same steady-state
      digoxin concentration but in the absence of quinidine, no significant differences
      were found. Echocardiographically measured ejection fraction and velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening showed trends for similar drug effects, as did
      the systolic time intervals. This study, performed under steady-state conditions,
      demonstrates that the quinidine-induced increase in steady-state serum digoxin
      concentration will, with due consideration to quinidine's own pharmacodynamic
      properties, be accompanied by increased cardiac effects. This indicates that
      quinidine is not interfering with active receptor sites in the heart for digoxin.

PMID- 6829438
TI  - Immediate hemodynamic effects of a new calcium-channel blocking agent
      (nitrendipine) in essential hypertension.
AB  - The immediate hemodynamic effects of a new calcium-channel blocking agent
      nitrendipine were studied in 12 patients with mild established essential
      hypertension. According to the response to mean arterial pressure, patients were
      classified into responders (decrease greater than 10 mm Hg, 7 patients) and
      nonresponders (less than or equal to 10 mm Hg, 5 patients). The decrease in
      arterial pressure in responders was associated with a significant (p less than
      0.01) decrease in total peripheral resistance and a significant (p less than
      0.05) increase in heart rate, cardiac index, and left ventricular ejection rate.
      The plasma norepinephrine level was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in
      the responders. The response to upright tilt was qualitatively similar to
      pretreatment values. Thus, nitrendipine lowered arterial pressure as a result of
      arteriolar dilatation associated with a reflexive increase in heart rate and
      cardiac index. These hemodynamic properties make the drug particularly apt for
      use in combination with beta-adrenergic blockade for the treatment of arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 6829440
TI  - Clonidine in congestive heart failure: a vasodilator with negative inotropic
      effects.
AB  - Fourteen patients with moderately severe congestive heart failure (CHF) were
      given clonidine orally (0.2 and 0.4 mg doses) to determine the hemodynamic
      effects of a typical centrally acting vasodilator. The 0.2 mg dose significantly
      reduced mean systemic (15%) and mean pulmonary artery (20%) pressure; the
      corresponding reductions in vascular resistance were not as great because of a
      diminished cardiac output. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased
      significantly (27%). Heart rate decreased 11% and stroke volume remained
      unchanged. At a higher dose (0.4 mg), clonidine augmented these reductions but
      increased stroke volume modestly (15%). Isovolumic developed pressure/duration of
      isovolumic contraction and the duration of the preejection period were used as
      indexes of inotropy. After both doses, isovolumic developed pressure/duration of
      isovolumic contraction decreased dramatically (greater than or equal to 33%) and
      the preejection period increased substantially (greater than or equal to 18%)
      (both p less than 0.05). Compared with currently employed vasodilating agents,
      the centrally acting agent clonidine appears unique in that the drug-induced
      systemic and pulmonary arterial vasodilation are not accompanied by a
      commensurate improvement in ventricular systolic function. This lack of
      improvement appears to be a result of negative inotropic effects.

PMID- 6829441
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of a newly synthesized cardiotonic agent (TA-064) on
      normal and diseased hearts.
AB  - A new inotropic agent, TA-064, (-)-alpha-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethylaminomethyl)-4
      hydroxybenzylalcohol, was shown to have strong effects in experimental animals.
      Its effectiveness and associated adverse effects were tested in humans invasively
      (n = 6) and noninvasively (n = 17). Increasing doses of intravenous infusion (1,
      2, and 4 micrograms/kg/min) increased plasma levels to 15, 35, and 82 ng/ml,
      respectively, resulting in marked increases in the peak rate of left ventricular
      pressure rise (dP/dt) (1,450 +/- 63 to 3,042 +/- 349 mm Hg/s) (mean +/- standard
      error of the mean [SEM], p less than 0.01) and the ratio of dP/dt to left
      ventricular pressure at a developed pressure of 40 mm Hg (25 +/- 3 to 39 +/- 2 s
      1) (p less than 0.01), with a reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (12 +/- 2 to 4 +/- 1 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). Minimal or no changes
      were seen in heart rate and left ventricular systolic pressure. After a single
      oral dose (10 mg), the plasma level reached its peak at 90 minutes (16 +/- 9
      ng/ml, n = 17). A positive inotropic effect was confirmed echocardiographically
      in both healthy volunteers (n = 8) and patients with congestive heart failure
      (CHF) (n = 9) who were maximally treated with conventional regimens: increase in
      mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (healthy volunteers: 1.29 +/-
      0.05 to 1.60 +/- 0.11 circ/s [p less than 0.05]; patients with CHF: 0.69 +/- 0.08
      to 0.93 +/- 0.09 circ/s [p less than 0.01]), ejection fraction (healthy
      volunteers: 68 +/- 2 to 75 +/- 2% [p less than 0.05], patients with CHF: 37 +/- 4
      to 45 +/- 5% [p less than 0.01]) without change in heart rate. The cardiac index
      was increased only in the CHF group (2.71 +/- 0.22 to 3.21 +/- 0.24
      liters/min/m2) (p less than 0.05). No significant untoward effects were observed.
      Thus TA-064 is a potent inotropic agent and can be used either parenterally or
      orally. Salutary effects can be expected in patients with congestive heart
      failure who are treated with digitalis and diuretic agents.

PMID- 6829442
TI  - Myocardial texture characterization by two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Twenty-four normal subjects and 181 patients with various cardiac disorders (36
      autopsies) were studied by 2-dimensional echocardiography. In vitro
      echocardiographic studies were performed on 26 of 36 autopsied hearts utilizing
      an ultrasonically visible metallic probe to correlate myocardial echo patterns
      with histopathologic features. All normal subjects and the majority of patients
      with ventricular hypertrophy due to valvular or hypertensive lesions showed a
      uniformly speckled or an echolucent appearance of the myocardium (type I
      texture). No autopsied heart with this texture had gross fibrosis (visible to the
      naked eye) or infiltrative disease. All patients with infiltrative disorders
      (amyloidosis, 7 of 7; Pompe's disease, 4 of 4) had multiple, discrete, and small
      (3 to 5 mm) highly refractile echoes (HREs) in the myocardium involving the
      ventricle or ventricles completely (type IIA texture) or partly (type IIB
      texture). However, this finding was non-specific and was observed in many other
      conditions such as left heart hypoplastic syndrome (10 of 10), hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (19 of 26), and chronic renal failure (4 of 9). In the
      noninfiltrative group, HREs in the autopsied cases were shown to result from
      gross fibrosis or endocardiofibroelastosis utilizing in vitro echocardiographic
      studies and metallic probe-guided biopsies, while HREs in the autopsied cases
      with cardiac amyloidosis could be correlated only with amyloid deposits since
      fibrosis was absent. Larger HREs (greater than 5 mm) presenting as broad patches
      or long linear echoes in the myocardium (type IIC texture) was seen in old
      myocardial infarctions (9 of 21) and congestive cardiomyopathy (4 of 26) and were
      correlated with large areas of myocardial fibrosis. Two-dimensional
      echocardiographic studies of myocardial texture help identify various
      infiltrative and degenerative processes in the heart.

PMID- 6829443
TI  - Evaluation of intracardiac thrombus with computed tomography.
AB  - Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) thrombus was evaluated by computed
      tomography in 56 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I, 28
      patients with mitral valve disease, and Group II, 28 patients with myocardial
      infarction. Computed tomography and 2-dimensional echocardiography were performed
      in all the patients studied. Cineangiocardiography was performed in all Group I
      and in 13 Group II patients. Open heart surgery or autopsy was performed in all
      Group I and 4 Group II patients. The sensitivity in detecting LA thrombus was
      100% with computed tomography, 70% with angiocardiography, and 60% with 2
      dimensional echocardiography. The specificity in detecting LA thrombus was 91%
      with computed tomography, 86% with 2-dimensional echocardiography, and 88% with
      angiocardiography. Thrombi located at the LA appendage were associated with great
      difficulties in detection by other methods, but were well delineated with
      computed tomography. LV thrombus was also visualized by computed tomography with
      similar or greater accuracy than other diagnostic methods, although the
      sensitivity and specificity were not ascertained because surgery or autopsy was
      performed in only a minority of Group II patients. Therefore, as far as the
      detection of intracardiac thrombus is concerned, computed tomography has the
      advantage of offering uniform slices of the heart in an attempt to detect thrombi
      in unknown areas of cardiac chambers, including the LA appendage or LV apex,
      without being disturbed by the surrounding cardiac and noncardiac structures.
      Thus, computed tomography has excellent accuracy in the detection of intracardiac
      thrombus.

PMID- 6829444
TI  - Effect of exercise protocol on the left ventricular response to exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the left ventricular response
      during exercise radionuclide angiography would be influenced by exercise
      protocol. One hundred twenty healthy volunteers (aged 18 to 40 years) performed
      upright bicycle exercise using 1 of 5 protocols. Ejection fraction was measured
      using first-pass radionuclide angiography. Exercise protocols were as follows:
      (1) graded exercise (25 W increase every 2 minutes) to fatigue, heart rate
      greater than 85% of age-predicted maximum, n = 53; (2) graded exercise to 85% of
      age-predicted maximal heart rate or to fatigue with heart rate less than 85% of
      age-predicted maximum, n = 26; (3) graded exercise to fatigue, with "exercise"
      imaging performed immediately after exercise, n = 15; (4) abrupt presentation of
      a supermaximal work load (400 W), n = 10; (5) graded exercise to a work load of
      75 W preceding the abrupt presentation of a supermaximal work load (300 to 400
      W), n = 16. Protocols 2 and 3, representing less than maximal stress, yield
      higher ejection fractions than Protocol 1 and may reduce the sensitivity of
      exercise radionuclide angiography. Protocols 4 and 5, representing supermaximal
      stress, yield lower ejection fractions than Protocol 1 and may reduce the
      specificity of exercise radionuclide angiography. Thus, exercise protocol has a
      significant influence on the left ventricular response during exercise
      radionuclide angiography.

PMID- 6829445
TI  - Topographic changes in the left ventricle after experimentally induced myocardial
      infarction in the rat.
AB  - The factors that determine the thickness of transmural myocardial infarcts are
      unknown. Therefore, the relation between the size and thickness of transmural
      infarcts in 67 rats 21 days after occlusion of the left main coronary artery was
      studied. On examination of histologic sections, infarct size was determined by
      planimetry and expressed as a percentage of the left ventricular (LV) area, and
      thickness was expressed as a percentage of noninfarcted ventricular septal wall
      thickness. The circumferential length of the infarcted ventricle was measured in
      millimeters, as well as the circumferential length of the noninfarcted
      ventricular septum. Septal wall thickness was similar in rats with transmural
      infarcts and in sham-operated rats. No significant correlation was observed
      between infarct size and thickness (r = 0.10) or between circumferential length
      of the infarct and infarct thickness (r = 0.17). However, large (greater than or
      equal to 20% of the left ventricle, n = 37) and small (less than 20% of the left
      ventricle, n = 30) infarcts which were similarly thin (37 +/- 1% and 34 +/- 2% of
      septal wall thickness, respectively) affected LV topography differently. Large
      infarcts resulted in a 23% greater loss of myocardium (p less than 0.001),
      greater expansion of the LV cavity (18 +/- 9 mm2 compared with 14 +/- 1 mm2 in
      small infarcts, p less than 0.005), and lengthening of the septal wall (7.2 +/-
      1.1 mm and 6.7 +/- 1.0 mm in large and small infarcts, respectively [p less than
      0.05], and 6.3 +/- 0.1 mm in shams). Increase in cavity area and septal length in
      infarcted ventricles suggested a volume overload hypertrophy, which at 3 weeks
      was nonetheless inadequate to provide as much normal muscle as was present in
      sham-operated rats. In an additional 9 rats with subendocardial infarctions
      (involving less than 75% of the LV wall from endocardium to epicardium), the LV
      walls were thicker (94 +/- 5% of septal wall thickness, compared with 35 +/- 1%
      for transmural infarcts, p less than 0.001) and an inverse correlation was
      observed between infarct size and thickness. In conclusion, neither the size of a
      transmural infarct in rat nor the circumferential length of infarction determines
      the thickness of the infarct; however, infarct size does affect LV topography by
      increasing LV cavity area and the length of the noninfarcted septal wall.
      Subendocardial infarcts result in less myocardial thinning than do transmural
      infarcts.

PMID- 6829450
TI  - Survival after sudden obstruction of the left main coronary artery.
AB  - Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis occurs in 10% of patients undergoing
      coronary arteriography, but total occlusion is rare. Goldberg et al reported 6
      cases of complete obstruction of the LMCA among 2,200 patients studied
      arteriographically. Sudden obstruction of the LMCA should be lethal, and we found
      no report describing survival with sudden obstruction of the LMCA. The present
      report describes such a patient.

PMID- 6829446
TI  - Scar thinning due to ibuprofen administration after experimental myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Although much attention has been directed toward interventions which reduce
      myocardial infarct size, the effect of such agents on the healing phase of
      myocardial infarction is not well understood. The present study examines the
      effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen, previously
      demonstrated to be able to reduce infarct size, and of aspirin on the healing of
      experimentally produced myocardial infarcts. Thirty-nine anesthetized, open-chest
      dogs were subjected to proximal left anterior descending coronary artery
      occlusions for 6 weeks. Four groups of dogs were studied: (1) a control
      (untreated) group: (2) ibuprofen, 12.5 mg/kg intravenously 15 minutes and 6, 12,
      18, and 24 hours after occlusion (high dose); (3) ibuprofen, 12.5 mg/kg
      intravenously 15 minutes and 3 hours after occlusion (low dose); (4) aspirin, 30
      mg/kg intravenously 15 minutes and 3 hours after occlusion. The average thickness
      of the transmural scar and of the noninfarcted left ventricular wall was
      determined from multiple measurements of formalin-fixed left ventricular slices.
      The ratio of transmural scar to noninfarcted wall thickness was determined. In
      control animals the ratio was 0.87 with only 1 of 15 animals having a ratio less
      than 0.60. High-dose ibuprofen-treated animals had an average ratio of 0.59
      (difference not significant [NS] compared with control values), with 6 of 9
      animals having a ratio less than 0.60 (p less than 0.02 compared with control
      values). Low-dose ibuprofen-treated animals had an average ratio of 0.66 (p less
      than 0.05 compared with control values), with 4 of 8 animals having a ratio less
      than 0.60 (p = NS compared with control values). In the aspirin-treated animals,
      the ratio was 0.88 (p = NS compared with control values), with 0 of 7 animals
      having a ratio less than 0.60 (p = NS compared with control values). Although 1
      of 22 animals had ratios less than 0.60 in the control and aspirin groups, 10 of
      17 had ratios less than 0.60 in the ibuprofen-treated groups (p less than 0.001).
      Scars in treated animals did not differ from those in control animals
      histologically or by analysis of hydroxyproline content per unit weight. Thus,
      ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent which reduces infarct size, is
      shown to increase the incidence of scar thinning after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6829448
TI  - Effects of reduced coronary flow on thallium-201 accumulation and release in an
      in vitro rat heart preparation.
AB  - To study the relation between myocardial thallium-201 (TI-201) uptake, TI-201
      release, and reduced coronary flow, isolated Langendorff rat hearts (n = 8) were
      perfused for 3 hours at constant flows ranging from physiologic (12 ml/min) to
      severely ischemic (1.5 ml/min); thallium activity was monitored with a
      scintillation probe. Each heart was perfused for 1 hour with thallium buffer,
      followed by 2 hours with thallium-free buffer at the same flow rate. Accumulation
      curves for all 4 flows were monoexponential. However, release curves during the 2
      hours of washout with thallium-free buffer demonstrated a biexponential
      configuration. The early fast release component decreased with reductions in
      coronary flow, and the later slow release component did not vary significantly
      with flow. These data show that thallium clearance has at least 2 components: a
      rapid (possibly extracellular) component related to coronary flow and a slow
      (possibly intracellular) component independent of coronary flow. These findings
      should be useful in providing a better understanding of thallium redistribution
      observed clinically.

PMID- 6829447
TI  - Effects of flurbiprofen in altering the size of myocardial infarcts in dogs:
      reduction or delay?
AB  - Anti-inflammatory agents such as flurbiprofen have been claimed to reduce infarct
      size in a number of models of coronary artery occlusion. However, several of the
      studies are controversial and also do not allow the critical distinction between
      reducing and delaying injury. In the present study, a closed chest method of
      coronary occlusion was used to generate small areas of regional myocardial
      ischemia in dogs. The method involved cannulation of the coronary ostium by way
      of the carotid artery and coronary embolization with 2.5 mm diameter beads.
      Flurbiprofen (1 mg/kg) was given immediately after occlusion and thereafter every
      6 hours. Groups of dogs were subjected to either 6 or 24 hours of elapsed
      ischemia, after which time the hearts were removed and sectioned. Frozen-tissue
      slices were stained with triphenyl tetrazolium in order to delineate infarct
      size. After staining the tissue slices were subjected to autoradiography in which
      microspheres given immediately after occlusion were visualized to delineate the
      perfusion bed served by the occluded coronary artery (zone at risk). Risk zone to
      infarct size ratios for drug treated and control animals revealed that
      flurbiprofen treatment had no effect upon infarct size as determined 24 hours
      after occlusion. Despite significant residual coronary flow in the ischemic area,
      virtually all of the risk zone deteriorated to necrotic tissue. By contrast,
      after 6 hours of elapsed ischemia, infarct size was considerably reduced in the
      flurbiprofen-treated group. With the proviso that the drug might have affected
      only the sensitivity to tetrazolium staining, these results indicate that in
      severe ischemia, flurbiprofen can greatly delay but not prevent tissue necrosis.

PMID- 6829451
TI  - Hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest from fluoride exposure during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6829452
TI  - Q-T prolongation and torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia produced by the
      tetracyclic antidepressant agent maprotiline.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as imipramine and desipramine have long been
      known to produce cardiovascular side effects including sinus tachycardia,
      prolongation of the P-R, QRS, and Q-T intervals, and decreased T-wave amplitude.
      Life-threatening ventricular ectopic activity has occurred after tricyclic drug
      overdose. Recently, maprotiline (Ludiomil), a tetracyclic anthracene-derivative
      antidepressant, has become available for the treatment of affective disorders. It
      appears as effective as the tricyclic drugs in relieving unipolar depression.
      Although several studies have reported a low incidence of cardiovascular side
      effects, others show little difference between the tetracyclic and tricyclic
      drugs. This report describes a patient in whom maprotiline treatment caused Q-T
      prolongation and life-threatening torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia
      (VT).

PMID- 6829453
TI  - Angiographic evidence of hemorrhagic myocardial infarction after intracoronary
      thrombolysis with streptokinase.
AB  - The reperfusion of acutely ischemic myocardium by intracoronary streptokinase
      thrombolysis is an exciting new therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI). It
      appears that successful thrombolysis and reperfusion in the first few hours after
      acute coronary occlusion may salvage myocardium and possibly improve prognosis. A
      potential adverse effect of reperfusion is the production of hemorrhage in the
      area of myocardial necrosis. We report on a patient with prompt, successful
      coronary thrombolysis by streptokinase infusion who showed angiographic evidence
      of a hemorrhagic MI.

PMID- 6829454
TI  - Real-time 2-dimensional echocardiographic visualization of thrombus on a Bjork
      Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. Emergency cesarean section and mitral valve
      replacement in late pregnancy.

PMID- 6829455
TI  - Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as hypereosinophilic syndrome.

PMID- 6829456
TI  - How should we describe hearts in which the aorta is connected to the right
      ventricle and the pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle?

PMID- 6829457
TI  - Q-wave infarction versus S-T infarction. Nonspecificity of electrocardiographic
      criteria for differentiating transmural and nontransmural lesions.

PMID- 6829449
TI  - Supraventricular nonreentrant tachycardia due to simultaneous conduction through
      dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.

PMID- 6829458
TI  - Randomize the first patient: scientific, ethical, and behavioral bases.

PMID- 6829460
TI  - Left ventricular aneurysm by angiogram: a problem of definition.

PMID- 6829459
TI  - Knee-elbow position to detect the aortic diastolic murmur of regurgitation.

PMID- 6829461
TI  - Results of medical versus surgical treatment of unstable angina pectoris.

PMID- 6829462
TI  - Improved cross-sectional echocardiographic technique for visualization of the
      retrocardiac descending aorta in its long axis. Normal findings and abnormalities
      in saccular and/or dissecting aneurysms.
AB  - The feasibility of using an improved ultrasonic technique for visualization of
      the retrocardiac descending thoracic aorta was studied in 50 consecutive
      patients. Both anterior and posterior aortic walls were well delineated in long
      as well as short axis in 92%. The mean length of the visualized portion of the
      retrocardiac aorta was 8.4 cm (range 4.5 to 13) and exceeded 6 cm in 40 of 46
      patients. The mean diameter was 2.0 cm (range 1.3 to 2.7). Five patients with
      saccular (1 patient) and/or dissecting (all 5 patients) aneurysms involving the
      retrocardiac aorta were also examined. Abnormalities essentially identical to
      those seen with computerized tomography and aortography were noted. Intimal flaps
      were visualized by ultrasound in all 5 patients and were seen to oscillate
      reproducibly with the cardiac cycle, suggesting differential rates of filling of
      false and true lumens. This and other previous cross-sectional echocardiographic
      studies of the ascending aorta suggest that ultrasound may be useful in the
      initial evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms or signs suggestive of
      acute or chronic aortic disease.

PMID- 6829463
TI  - Respiratory effects on systolic time intervals during pericardial effusion.
AB  - Pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade is defined by the detection of
      excessive pericardial fluid without clinical manifestations, particularly pulsus
      paradoxus (inspiratory decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg)
      and jugular venous distention. Nineteen consecutive patients without heart or
      lung disease who had pericardial findings and no evidence of tamponade were
      investigated by echocardiography: 14 with pericardial effusion and 5 with
      noneffusive ("dry") pericarditis. Patients with effusion had an inspiratory
      decrease in left ventricular ejection time (delta LVET) of 17.9 +/- 5.78 ms and
      an increase in preejection period (delta PEP) of 12.1 +/- 3.78 ms, each well
      beyond the respective respiratory changes measured in normal subjects. The 5
      control patients with dry pericarditis had a mean delta LVET and delta PEP of
      only 8.0 and 7.0 ms, respectively. Of the 14 patients with effusion, 6 whose
      systolic pressure showed no respiratory change had mean delta LVET of 13.7 ms and
      delta PEP of 11.2 ms, comparable to the other 8 patients with effusion who had a
      respiratory change of 2 to 10 mm Hg. We conclude that although pulsus paradoxus
      was not present, excessive pericardial fluid is not physiologically inert. If a
      satisfactory echocardiogram is not available, exaggerated respiratory fluctuation
      in systolic time intervals may be evidence of excessive pericardial fluid.

PMID- 6829464
TI  - State of Maryland pacemaker experience (1979-1980): conflicting views regarding
      the frequency of unnecessary pacemaker implants.

PMID- 6829465
TI  - Cleft anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with intact septa. A study of 20
      cases.
AB  - Twenty pathologic specimens of heart, each with a cleft in the anterior leaflet
      of the mitral valve not associated with septal defects of persistent common
      atrioventricular canal (isolated cleft of the mitral valve), were studied. In 9
      cases, there were either no associated anomalies or ones not of functional
      significance. In each of the other 11 cases there were other significant
      associated cardiac anomalies, including ventricular septal defect and d
      transposition of the great arteries. Functional consequences of the mitral
      anomaly were mitral insufficiency, subaortic stenosis, or both. Mitral
      insufficiency was related principally to the width of the cleft. Subaortic
      stenosis, when present, was due to the position of insertion of accessory chordae
      in the ventricular septum in a position under the commissure, between the left
      and right aortic cusps or under the right aortic cusp.

PMID- 6829466
TI  - Isolated cleft mitral valve: a variety of congenital mitral regurgitation
      identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Nine children with isolated cleft mitral valve, aged 1 day to 12 years, were
      studied. The electrocardiogram showed a normal QRS axis in 5 subjects. Cardiac
      catheterization was performed in 4 patients and demonstrated severe mitral
      insufficiency in 3 but failed to clearly demonstrate a cleft mitral valve or
      gooseneck deformity. The mitral cleft was confirmed at operation in 2 patients.
      Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a cleft dividing the anterior
      mitral leaflet into 2 portions in each patient. The mitral anulus was normally
      positioned and the atrioventricular septum present. Atrial and ventricular septa
      were intact. Features similar to anatomic studies such as accessory chordae and
      thickening of the edges of the cleft with increasing age were also seen. Two
      dimensional echocardiography is the only method available to reliably diagnose
      isolated cleft of the mitral valve.

PMID- 6829468
TI  - Pulmonary vein wedge angiography: indications, results, and surgical correlates
      in 25 patients.
AB  - Pulmonary vein wedge angiography was applied to 25 patients ranging in age from 4
      months to 16 years. The indications for this technique include (1) determination
      of the presence or absence of central (intrapericardial or mediastinal) pulmonary
      arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia where standard anterograde injections
      of contrast medium do not demonstrate these, (2) determination of the patency and
      caliber of a nonvisualized pulmonary artery when there is distal "occlusion" by a
      systemic-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis, (3) determination of the patency and
      caliber of a nonvisualized pulmonary artery when previous pulmonary arterial
      banding has led to acquired pulmonary artery atresia, and (4) determination of
      the presence of a mediastinal pulmonary artery in patients with so-called
      isolated congenital unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. Surgical correlates
      to the interpretation of pulmonary vein wedge angiograms are provided in 18
      patients. The present data suggest that pulmonary vein wedge angiography is a
      safe technique that provides considerable information about (1) the caliber of
      the parenchymal pulmonary arteries, (2) their sizes at the hilum of the lung, and
      (3) the presence or absence of a mediastinal confluence of pulmonary arteries.
      This technique may also complement those anatomic findings derived from
      anterograde injection of contrast material in patients with pulmonary atresia of
      a congenital or acquired nature.

PMID- 6829467
TI  - Pulmonary atresia with and without ventricular septal defect: a different
      etiology and pathogenesis for the atresia in the 2 types?
AB  - In 15 of 20 hearts of neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact septum (PA-IVS)
      and in 4 with critical pulmonary stenosis, the pulmonary valve consisted of 3
      fused cusps. One of the 11 patients with a ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) had
      a well-developed pulmonary root; in 8 the pulmonary trunk arose from a dimple.
      Two had a bicuspid valve. In 10 of the 20 patients with PA-IVS and in those with
      critical stenosis, the diameter of the pulmonary trunk was normal or larger than
      normal. The authors believe that this is related to flow through an initially
      patent pulmonary valve and, perhaps more importantly, to poststenotic dilatation.
      In all hearts with PA-VSD, the pulmonary trunk was very small. In the patients
      with PA-IVS and a normal-sized pulmonary trunk and in 3 with critical pulmonary
      stenosis, the morphology of the ductus arteriosus was normal, suggesting that
      even in the former the valve was patent before birth, allowing forward flow. In
      all patients with small pulmonary trunk, the ductus was long, tortuous, and
      originated from the aortic arch in a proximal position, suggesting that reversal
      of flow had occurred early in development. The authors postulate that in patients
      with ventricular septal defect (VSD), the pulmonary ostium becomes atretic early
      in development, at or shortly after partitioning of the truncoconal part of the
      heart has taken place but before closure of the ventricular septum. In patients
      with intact ventricular septum, on the other hand, atresia very likely occurs
      sometime after cardiac septation has been completed. In these cases the pulmonary
      atresia may be due to a prenatal inflammatory process, rather than representing a
      true congenital malformation.

PMID- 6829469
TI  - Familial congenital heart disease: how are the various types related?
AB  - The distribution of congenital heart lesions was studied in 238 families with at
      least 2 affected members. A statistical analysis was performed. Concordant
      lesions were found in 48% of the affected first degree relatives and in 28% of
      the affected second and third degree relatives. The concordance rate is highly
      significant for all lesions studied in the first degree relatives, with the
      exception of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Among the discordant pairs of
      lesions, some occur significantly more often than expected (tetralogy of Fallot
      associated with VSD, pulmonary stenosis, and transposition of the great
      arteries); others, such as the association between VSD and pulmonary stenosis,
      are significantly less common than would be expected on a random hypothesis. An
      explanation is proposed suggesting that malformations anatomically dissimilar but
      resulting from the same heart segment disorder may have some common genes, and
      that interaction between genes may be responsible for "antagonism" between 2
      defects. The embryologic segmental approach to congenital heart disease is
      reinforced by this genetic study.

PMID- 6829470
TI  - Left ventricular wall stress in compensated aortic stenosis in children.
AB  - It is known that children with aortic stenosis (AS) frequently have supernormal
      indexes of left ventricular (LV) pump function and remain compensated for many
      years. Factors causing this increase in pump performance have not been
      elucidated. A study was done on LV mechanics in 11 children with AS (aortic valve
      area 0.5 +/- 0.3 cm2/m2) and 10 normal subjects. The ejection fraction in the AS
      group (0.88 +/- 0.08) was significantly higher than in normal subjects (0.64 +/-
      0.08, p less than 0.001). The mean velocity of fiber shortening was also higher
      in AS patients (1.80 +/- 0.35 circ/s) than in normal subjects (1.22 +/- 0.21
      circ/s, p less than 0.001). The end-systolic volume index in patients with AS (9
      +/- 8 ml/m2) was much lower than in normal subjects (27 +/- 8 ml/m2). LV mass in
      patients with AS was 180 +/- 58 g/m2 compared with 96 +/- 9 in normal subjects.
      LV wall stress was reduced throughout the cardiac cycle in patients with AS. Peak
      stress in patients with AS was 238 +/- 51 dynes/cm2 X 10(3) versus 439 +/- 85 in
      normal subjects. The end-systolic stress-end-systolic volume index ratio, an
      indicator of contractile state, was not elevated in patients with AS. It is
      suggested that diminished wall stress in concert with normal contractile function
      permits the supernormal pump function seen at rest in children with AS.

PMID- 6829471
TI  - Measurement of systemic and pulmonary blood flow and QP/QS ratio using Doppler
      and two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - A noninvasive method for measuring systemic and pulmonary blood flow using
      Doppler velocimetry combined with 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography has been
      developed. High correlations were found between Fick- and Doppler-derived indexed
      measurements of systemic and pulmonary flow as well as the pulmonary to systemic
      flow ratio in 33 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (systemic flow [n =
      28], r = 0.78; pulmonary flow [n = 21], r = 0.88; Qp/Qs ratio [n = 24], r =
      0.85). The random errors of the 2 methods were not significantly different.
      Outflow tract obstruction, semilunar valve regurgitation, and patent ductus
      arteriosus were the only lesions in which limitations to the use of this method
      were encountered. We anticipate that this method will be of use in initial and
      serial evaluations of adult and pediatric patients with low cardiac output or
      intracardiac shunts.

PMID- 6829473
TI  - Comparison of late degenerative changes in porcine bioprostheses in the mitral
      and aortic valve position in the same patient.
AB  - Porcine bioprostheses implanted in both the mitral and aortic valve positions
      simultaneously in 5 patients aged 20 to 61 years (mean 45) were reexamined 18 to
      107 months (mean 51) later. In 4 patients, the degenerative changes were
      distinctly more severe in the bioprostheses in the mitral than in the aortic
      valve position.

PMID- 6829474
TI  - Phonocardiographic findings in patients with normally functioning Ionescu-Shiley
      prostheses.
AB  - Phonocardiographic findings are reported in 19 patients with normally functioning
      Ionescu-Shiley prostheses in the mitral or aortic position. Opening clicks were
      recorded in all 8 patients with mitral prostheses at a mean second heart sound
      (A2) to opening click interval of 94 ms. In 9 subjects, apical systolic murmurs
      were found. All 11 patients with the prosthesis in the aortic position had
      systolic ejection murmurs. Opening clicks were observed in 8 patients with a mean
      Q wave to opening click interval of 125 ms; closing clicks were found in 9 of 11.
      No diastolic murmurs occurred in this group. These acoustic characteristics serve
      as a reference source for the noninvasive evaluation of the bovine pericardial
      prosthesis.

PMID- 6829476
TI  - Aortic valve systolic flutter as a screening test for severe aortic stenosis.
AB  - Previous efforts using M-mode echocardiography or 2-dimensional (2-D)
      echocardiography have not consistently separated patients with and without
      significant aortic stenosis (AS). We postulated that an aortic valve sufficiently
      pliant to produce systolic flutter on M-mode echocardiography could exclude
      significant AS and reviewed the M-mode echocardiograms of 50 consecutive patients
      (mean age 59 years) catheterized for presumed AS; 2-D echocardiography was also
      performed in 18 of 50 patients (36%). In 40 of 50 patients (80%) the aortic valve
      cusps were easily identified on M-mode echocardiography: 19 of 40 (48%) had
      systolic flutter with a mean aortic valve gradient of 4 +/- 8 mm Hg (mean +/-
      standard deviation [SD]) and an aortic valve area of 2.8 +/- 0.4 cm2; 21 of 40
      (52%) had no systolic flutter with a mean aortic valve gradient of 55 +/- 19 mm
      Hg and an aortic valve area of 0.7 +/- 0.3 cm2. In the 10 of 50 patients (20%) in
      whom aortic valve cusps were not clearly identified, the mean aortic valve
      gradient was 50 +/- 24 mm Hg and the aortic valve area 0.8 +/- 0.4 cm2. Systolic
      flutter was not seen with an aortic valve gradient greater than 30 mm Hg or an
      aortic valve area less than 1 cm2. Aortic valve systolic opening by M-mode
      echocardiography or 2-D echocardiography did not accurately predict the severity
      of AS. Thus, aortic valve systolic flutter seen on M-mode echocardiography is
      strong evidence against significant AS, but the absence of systolic flutter does
      not allow reliable prediction of the severity of AS. The finding of systolic
      flutter by M-mode echocardiography may be a useful screening test in patients
      presumed to have AS.

PMID- 6829472
TI  - Long-term failure rate and morphologic correlations in porcine bioprosthetic
      heart valves.
AB  - To ascertain relations among site, incidence, and mechanisms of clinically
      evident failure of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves, the frequency of failure
      of 1,110 valves in 1,001 adult operative survivors from January 1972 to January
      1982 was reviewed and correlated with the pathologic features of 22 consecutive
      dysfunctional valves. There were 373 mitral, 519 aortic, and 109 double
      replacements, yielding for study 482 mitral and 628 aortic valves at risk.
      Infective endocarditis occurred in 1.9% (8 mitral, 7 aortic, and 4 double).
      Twenty-three valves (13 mitral and 10 aortic) with documented primary dysfunction
      were explanted, a mean of 55 months (range 9 to 94) after surgery. The primary
      dysfunction rate for the 333 valves implanted for greater than or equal to 5
      years was 6.8% (11 of 161) for mitral and 4.1% (7 of 172) for aortic valves.
      Valves implanted for less than 5 years had a failure rate of 0.7%. The
      actuarially determined freedom from primary valve failure was 98 +/- 1% for
      mitral and 98 +/- 1% for aortic valves at 5 years and 79 +/- 7% for mitral and 91
      +/- 4% for aortic valves at 10 years. Recovered valves (12 mitral and 10 aortic)
      with detailed morphologic analysis were functioning for a mean duration of 52
      months (range 12 to 87). Causes of failure included calcification-related tears
      in 7 (4 mitral and 3 aortic, mean 66 months), tear without calcium deposits in 4
      (4 mitral, mean 44 months), cuspal stiffening without tear but with calcium
      deposits in 2 (1 mitral and 1 aortic, mean 80 months) and thrombosis in 1
      (aortic). Late primary dysfunction was most frequently a result of degenerative
      processes, especially calcification, often with secondary tears, but cuspal tears
      in the absence of calcium deposits and thrombosis predominated at shorter
      intervals.

PMID- 6829475
TI  - M-Mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic characteristics of the Ionescu-Shiley
      valve in the mitral and aortic positions.
AB  - Using M-mode and 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography, ultrasonic features of the
      Ionescu-Shiley valve were characterized. A number 23 prosthesis was placed in a
      saline-filled chamber and subjected to pulsatile flow. Production of a linear
      tear at the base of a cusp resulted in coarse fluttering in the open position,
      and there was a reduction in the anterior cusp slope. Partial detachment of a
      cusp from its stent produced high-amplitude low-frequency fluttering during
      ejection. Alteration of transducer position eliminated the abnormal echoes.
      Fourteen patients with aortic and 11 with mitral prostheses were studied. There
      was a close approximation of echographically determined values for the bare stent
      internal diameter, cusp excursion, and valve orifice diameter compared with the
      manufacturer's specifications. Random punctiform echoes were noted when the cusps
      opened. Cusp echoes were superimposed on stent echoes in 21% of patients, and a
      third cusp was detected in 29%. Two-dimensional echocardiograms of good quality
      were recorded in the vast majority of subjects. Cusp echoes were smooth and had a
      consistent motion in both the short and longitudinal axis. Multiple transducer
      positions were required to delineate prosthetic components with optimal clarity.
      It is concluded that (1) M-mode and 2-D echocardiography is useful in assessing
      Ionescu-Shiley valve function, (2) in vitro valve tears or detachment produces
      characteristic cusp fluttering, (3) careful attention to transducer positions is
      necessary to record high-quality valve images, and (4) these findings represent a
      data base for the longitudinal follow-up study of patients with the Ionescu
      Shiley valve.

PMID- 6829477
TI  - Detection and estimation of rheumatic mitral regurgitation in the presence of
      mitral stenosis by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - The sensitivity and specificity of pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) in
      diagnosis and estimation of the severity of mitral regurgitation in the presence
      of rheumatic mitral stenosis was studied in 34 patients (18 women and 16 men)
      ranging in age from 33 to 70 years (mean 55). Definitive diagnosis of mitral
      regurgitation was confirmed in all patients by angiography and in 20 patients
      also by indicator dilution technique. Mitral regurgitation was detected by PDE in
      all patients with angiographically proven severe mitral regurgitation and in 7 of
      8 patients with moderate mitral regurgitation. In patients with trace to mild
      mitral regurgitation, PDE was positive in only 7 of 13 patients. When subdivided
      for mild, moderate and severe mitral regurgitation, PDE sensitivity for diagnosis
      was 54, 88, and 100%, respectively; overall accuracy was 79% and specificity was
      100%. Average systolic dispersion on time-interval histogram was 59% for mild,
      89% for moderate, and 100% for severe mitral regurgitation. Groups of patients
      with mild mitral regurgitation could be differentiated from those with moderate
      (p less than 0.05) and severe (p less than 0.01) mitral regurgitation. A
      significant overlap of individual values, however, occurred. In 7 of 11 patients
      with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, systolic turbulence also was
      detected in the left atrium. PDE was sensitive and specific in diagnosing
      moderate to severe mitral regurgitation in the presence of mitral stenosis.
      Assessment of precise severity of mitral regurgitation is still a problem in
      individual patients.

PMID- 6829478
TI  - Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with mitral anular
      calcification. Comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects.
AB  - The clinical and echocardiographic features of 104 patients (53 women and 51 men)
      with mitral anular calcification (MAC) were compared with those of 121 age- and
      sex-matched control subjects (62 women and 59 men) without MAC. The incidence of
      coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, systemic hypertension, and
      diabetes mellitus was similar in both groups. Patients with MAC had a greater
      incidence of cardiomegaly (p less than 0.001), cardiac conduction defects (p less
      than 0.001), and aortic outflow tract murmurs (p less than 0.005) than did
      control patients. Patients with MAC and without aortic root calcification had a
      higher incidence (p less than 0.001) of conduction defects than did patients with
      aortic root calcification without MAC. Control patients with and without aortic
      root calcification had a similar incidence of conduction defects. A higher
      incidence of atrioventricular block (p less than 0.025) and bundle branch block
      or left anterior hemiblock or intraventricular conduction defect (p less than
      0.05) was present in anterior MAC than in posterior MAC. In conclusion, patients
      with MAC have a higher incidence of cardiomegaly, cardiac conduction defects, and
      aortic outflow tract murmurs than a control group.

PMID- 6829479
TI  - Prosthetic mitral valve motion during cardiac dysrhythmias as determined by
      echocardiography.
AB  - To assess the changes and physiologic mechanisms of prosthetic valve motion
      during cardiac dysrhythmias as well as the role of atrial systole in the closure
      of the mitral valve, M-mode echocardiography was performed in 36 patients with
      normally functioning prosthetic mitral valves (Bjork-Shiley, Starr-Edwards, and
      Beall valve). Premature closure of the prosthetic mitral valve in diastole with a
      "sharp" closing motion was seen during first-degree atrioventricular block,
      atrial fibrillation with ventricular rates less than 60 beats/min, and atrial
      flutter. A "rounded" premature valve closure due to atrial systole was seen
      during atrial tachycardia and complete heart block. Atrial systole initiates a
      closing motion of the prosthetic mitral valve at end-diastole, and ventricular
      systole completes this closure during normal sinus rhythm. When first-degree
      atrioventricular block is present, atrial systole alone completes this closure
      before ventricular contraction. Atrial contraction alone also can effectively
      close the prosthetic mitral valve during atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia.
      Other factors (such as left ventricular diastolic volume) may play a role in the
      effective closure of the prosthetic mitral valve during atrial fibrillation with
      slow ventricular rates and complete heart block. These findings must be
      considered in the echocardiographic evaluation of suspected malfunctioning
      prosthetic mitral valves. A baseline postoperative echocardiogram after
      prosthesis insertion is important for future evaluation when clinically
      indicated.

PMID- 6829481
TI  - Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on
      plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans.
AB  - The effects of dietary fats on plasma cholesterol, serum lipoproteins, and
      apoproteins (Apo), A-1, B, and CIII were studied. Twelve men consumed three
      different cholesterol-free formula diets in which polyunsaturated and saturated
      fats were partially substituted (20% of calories) for monoenoic fats with a
      constant of 40% of calories from fat. Total cholesterol and low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol dropped from base-line values of 166 and 103 to 133 and
      81 mg/dl (sat), 127 and 71 mg/dl (mono), and 123 and 65 mg/dl (poly),
      respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol changed very little from base
      line values of 46 to 40 mg/dl (sat), 45 mg/dl (poly), and 43 mg/dl (mono). The
      plasma concentrations of ApoB declined from base-line values of 80.3 mg/dl to
      54.6 mg (mono), 51.8 mg (poly), and 59.6 mg (sat) while Apo CIII and Apo AI did
      not show any changes. This study demonstrates that: 1) changes in dietary fat
      affect serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins even when consumed on a
      cholesterol-free diet, and 2) omega-6 polyunsaturated fat lowers low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and ApoB to a greater extent than
      monounsaturated or saturated fat, 3) consumption of a cholesterol-free formula
      diet results in significant decreases in the concentrations of total and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma when compared to values obtained on a
      mixed food home diet containing approximately 300 mg cholesterol/day.

PMID- 6829482
TI  - A study of the effects of dietary gum arabic in humans.
AB  - Gum arabic administered to men for 3 wk has little effect on glucose tolerance
      and stool weight, but decreases the serum cholesterol. There was no significant
      increase in fecal bile acids and neutral sterols. Breath hydrogen increased only
      after chronic administration. Gum arabic could not be recovered from the stool
      which suggests metabolism of gum arabic in the colon.

PMID- 6829480
TI  - Sucrose polyester: substitution for dietary fats in hypocaloric diets in the
      treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - In five obese women heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, we assessed
      the combination of weight loss and sucrose polyester (SPE) in lowering low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). After a 10-day basal hypocaloric (1426
      cal/day), 270 mg cholesterol, P/S 1.2:1 diet, an average of 36 g of dietary
      fat/day was replaced by 36 g of an 80/20 SPE-hydrogenated palm oil mixture,
      providing 30 g SPE for 30 days; during the SPE substitution period mean dietary
      cholesterol and P/S were unchanged, mean caloric intake was 1104 cal/day. During
      the hypocaloric basal diet, mean weight fell 1.2 kg, p less than 0.02, total
      plasma cholesterol fell 8% from 358 +/- 46 to 330 +/- 47 mg/dl, p less than 0.01,
      LDLC fell 4% from 264 +/- 37 to 254 +/- 44 mg/dl, p greater than 0.1, and mean
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell 11%, from 52 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 4, p less
      than 0.05. Over the 30-day SPE substitution, mean cholesterol fell 20% from 330
      +/- 47 at the end of the basal diet to 265 +/- 42 mg/dl, p less than 0.001; mean
      LDLC fell 23%, from 254 +/- 44 to 195 +/- 41 mg/dl (p less than 0.01); weight
      fell 4%, p less than 0.01, from 91 +/- 7 to 87 +/- 7 kg, and mean high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol fell 11% from 46 +/- 4 to 41 +/- 2, p less than 0.05.
      Hypocaloric removal of dietary fat by SPE, an artificial fat with culinary
      properties of conventional dietary fats, effectively reduces LDLC (by 23%) in
      familial hypercholesterolemia subjects, with additive effects of SPE and weight
      loss.

PMID- 6829483
TI  - Refeeding after fasting in the rat: effects of carbohydrate.
AB  - In order to find ways to modify adaptations during refeeding after fasting the
      amount of carbohydrate fed during refeeding was varied, or its absorption slowed
      by a glucosidase inhibitor. Exchanging dietary carbohydrate with fat diminished
      refeeding adaptations in carbohydrate pathways (glycogen contents of liver and
      muscle, glucose incorporation into carbondioxide, and triglyceride in adipose
      tissue), but instead facilitated lipid storage (weight of and lipoprotein lipase
      activity in adipose tissue). An early specific effect of carbohydrate refeeding
      was an increase in the insulin response in glucose metabolic pathways in adipose
      tissue. Inhibiting carbohydrate absorption by a glucosidase inhibitor (Acarbose)
      caused a delay in energy accumulation during refeeding both in glycogen stores,
      and, more markedly, in adipose tissue triglyceride stores. These data are
      consistent with the interpretation that the drug prevents or delays carbohydrate
      uptake, and causes less adaptations of adipose tissue metabolic pathways for
      lipid storage. The tissue adaptations during refeeding after fasting seem to
      depend on the energy substrate reaching these tissues.

PMID- 6829484
TI  - Maximal oxygen consumption as related to magnesium, copper, and zinc nutriture.
AB  - Forty-four healthy male university athletes and 20 untrained men underwent
      maximal treadmill exercise testing to determine the relationship between maximal
      oxygen consumption and various measurements of elemental nutriture. Hb and mean
      plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of magnesium, copper, and zinc were within
      established norms for both groups after a 12-h fast. Mean plasma copper
      concentration was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the athletes (90 +/-
      14.3 versus 81 +/- 8.0 micrograms/dl). Average maximal oxygen consumption also
      was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in the athletes [4.5 +/- 0.5 versus
      3.3 +/- 0.6 L/min and 55.5 +/- 7.1 versus 47.0 +/- 6.0 ml/(kg x min)]. Plasma
      magnesium was significantly correlated (r = 0.46; p less than 0.002) with maximal
      oxygen consumption, ml/(kg x min), among the athletes. This relationship
      persisted when the effect of Hb concentration was removed by covariance analysis
      (p less than 0.005). Only a weak association (r = -0.32; p = 0.17) was found
      between oxygen consumption and plasma magnesium in the untrained men. We
      hypothesize that ionic magnesium may facilitate oxygen delivery to working muscle
      tissue in trained subjects.

PMID- 6829486
TI  - Lactose malabsorption in Australian Aborigines.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lactose malabsorption in
      healthy, adult Australian Aborigines. Malabsorption of lactose was measured in 45
      full-blood Aboriginal subjects and 37 non-Aboriginal, multiracial controls using
      the breath hydrogen method. Eighty-four percent of the Aboriginal subjects were
      found to be lactose malabsorbers and 64% developed abdominal pain or diarrhea. In
      the control subjects, 20% were found to be lactose malabsorbers and all of these
      developed symptoms of diarrhea. The results provide strong evidence that
      Australian Aborigines, in common with most human adults, are lactase deficient.

PMID- 6829485
TI  - Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study.
AB  - Dietary zinc (Zn) intake and selected biochemical indices of Zn status were
      studied longitudinally at monthly intervals in 46 pregnant middle-income women,
      10 of whom received a daily supplement of 15 mg Zn. Mean dietary Zn intake for
      the nonsupplemented subjects (group A) was 11.3 +/- 4.1 mg/day (56% of the
      Recommended Dietary Allowances), and for the Zn-supplemented subjects (group B)
      was 21.7 mg/day (109% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance), including an average
      intake of 11.1 mg/day as supplemental Zn. The mean plasma Zn concentration of
      group A at 2 months gestation, 71.4 +/- 9.8 micrograms/dl, was 17% lower than
      that of nonpregnant control women, and continued to decline significantly (p less
      than 0.01) between 2 and 10 months gestation. Plasma Zn of group B did not differ
      significantly from group A at any stage of gestation. Mean serum alkaline
      phosphatase activity of group B was higher than that of group A at 7 of 8 months
      studied (p less than 0.05). The level of prenatal iron supplementation in group A
      was negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma Zn in the
      2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. It is concluded that an early and
      progressive decline in plasma Zn which is not influenced by Zn intake occurs
      during gestation. Tentative standards for lower limits of normal at monthly
      intervals have been suggested. The higher alkaline phosphatase activity of group
      B compared with group A suggested that the dietary Zn intake of the latter was
      suboptimal. Prenatal supplemental iron may adversely affect maternal Zn status.

PMID- 6829489
TI  - A critical evaluation of energy expenditure estimates based on individual O2
      consumption/heart rate curves and average daily heart rate.
AB  - To test the applicability of indirect estimation of daily energy expenditure from
      average daily heart rate (HR) and individual O2-intake/heart rate (VO2/HR)
      regression lines in subjects with metabolic disorders, VO2/HR regression lines
      were determined on 2 consecutive days in 17 subjects (five healthy, five with
      obesity, five with untreated thyrotoxicosis, two with anorexia nervosa). Daily
      energy expenditure was calculated by means of the average 24 h HR. Generally,
      there was a high correlation coefficient for the relationship between VO2 and HR,
      but the slopes and intercepts varied considerably from day to day, leading to
      poor agreement between duplicate estimates of energy expenditures, and not
      infrequently to physiologically meaningless values. Further studies, comprising
      determination of the VO2/HR regression lines in three different body positions on
      7 different days in one experienced test subject showed great variability of the
      VO2/HR regression lines, both in the same position and in different positions.
      The applied procedure seems unsuitable for metabolic studies in individual
      patients who engage in ordinary daily activities with low energy expenditure.

PMID- 6829488
TI  - A method to assess energy expenditure in children and adults.
AB  - A variety of studies has a need to estimate the amount and pattern of daily
      energy expenditure. To this end, a 3-day activity record was developed and is
      described. Every 15-min period over 3 days, including a weekend day, was
      qualified in terms of energy cost on a 1 to 9 scale corresponding to a range of
      1.0 MET to 7.8 METs and higher. A reliability study of 61 subjects indicated a
      highly reproducible procedure as shown by an intraclass correlation of 0.96 for
      mean kcal of energy expenditure over 3 days. Repeatability was unchanged whether
      or not the hours of sleep were included in the record. Samples of 150 children
      and 150 adults were also drawn to investigate the relationship between energy
      expenditure, physical working capacity, and body fatness. Results support the
      hypothesis that mean energy expenditure per kg of body weight is significantly
      correlated with physical working capacity expressed per kg of body weight (r =
      0.31; p less than 0.01). Mean energy expenditure per kg of body weight is
      negatively related to body fat (-0.08 less than or equal to r less than or equal
      to -0.13). It is concluded that the 3-day activity record is a procedure suitable
      to estimate energy expenditure in population studies.

PMID- 6829487
TI  - Erythrocyte manganese concentration in healthy Japanese children, adults, and the
      elderly, and in cord blood.
AB  - This study showed differences in erythrocyte manganese concentrations in
      different age groups and in cord blood. All determinations were performed with a
      flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean erythrocyte manganese
      concentration at one month of age was 435.1 +/- 118.7 ng/g Hb, three to four
      times higher than in adults. Thereafter, it decreased rapidly and was constant
      from 4 months to 11 yr of age. However, at 12 to 19 yr of age the concentration
      in males decreased (108.1 +/- 20.2 ng/g Hb) and was significantly lower than in
      females (141.7 +/- 25.5 ng/g Hb) (p less than 0.01). This sex difference became
      even greater in adults aged 20 to 40 yr, when it was 91.5 +/- 22.4 ng/g Hb in
      males and 141.2 +/- 19.8 ng/g Hb in females (p less than 0.001). The erythrocyte
      manganese concentration in adults was 31.6 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, somewhat higher than
      the value previously reported, which may reflect dietary habits in Japan or a
      racial difference.

PMID- 6829491
TI  - Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nonmetastatic, Stage IV breast
      cancer. A pilot study by the Southeastern Cancer Study Group.

PMID- 6829490
TI  - Measurement of muscle mass in humans: validity of the 24-hour urinary creatinine
      method.
AB  - Measuring muscle mass is an important component of the nutritional assessment
      examination and a suggested index of this body space is the 24-h urinary
      excretion of creatinine. The method originated from studies in a variety of
      animal species in whom early workers found a parallelism between total body
      creatine and urinary excretion of creatinine. Assuming that nearly all creatine
      was within muscle tissue, that muscle creatine content remained constant and that
      creatinine was excreted at a uniform rate, an obvious "corollary" was that
      urinary creatinine was proportional to muscle mass. The so-called "creatinine
      equivalence" (kg muscle mass/g urinary creatinine) ranged experimentally from 17
      to 22. One of the limiting factors in firmly establishing this constant and its
      associated variability was (and is) the lack of another totally acceptable
      noninvasive technique of measuring muscle mass to which the creatinine method
      could (or would) be compared. An improved understanding of creatine metabolism
      and a variety of clinical studies in recent years has tended to support the
      general validity of this approach. However, specific conditions have also been
      established in which the method becomes either inaccurate or invalid. While
      creatinine excretion may serve as a useful approximation of muscle mass in
      carefully selected subjects, there remains a need for accurate and practical
      indices of muscle mass for use in the individuals in whom the method cannot be
      reliably applied.

PMID- 6829492
TI  - Combination chemotherapy containing semustine (MeCCNU) in patients with advanced
      colorectal cancer previously treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu).
AB  - Two hundred thirty-two patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer
      previously treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were randomized to one of the
      following treatments: A) semustine (MeCCNU) plus vincristine (VCR); B) MeCCNU
      plus dacarbazine (DTIC); C) MeCCNU plus DTIC plus VCR; D) MeCCNU plus beta-2'
      deoxythioguanosine (beta-TGdR). Platelet nadirs less than 50,000/mm3 were noted
      in 9% (Treatment A) to 19% (D) of the patients while WBC nadirs less than
      2,000/mm3 were noted in 7% (B) to 12% (C,D) of the patients. Severe vomiting was
      noted in 2% (D) to 14% (B) of the patients. The partial response rates and median
      survival times from date of randomization were as follows: Treatment A: 3/54
      (6%), 19 weeks; B: 9/59 (16%), 28 weeks; C: 3/60 (5%), 25 weeks; D: 2/59 (4%), 19
      weeks. Differences in response rate and median survival are not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 6829493
TI  - A phase II study of alanosine in advanced large bowel carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty patients with advanced metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated
      with alanosine at a dose of 160 mg/m2 daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. Sixteen
      patients had received no prior chemotherapy and 14 had been previously treated
      with one or more cytotoxic agents. No patient met the criteria for a complete or
      partial response. The major toxicity was stomatitis.

PMID- 6829494
TI  - Infusional chemotherapy and cyclic radiation therapy in inoperable esophageal and
      gastric cardia carcinoma.

PMID- 6829495
TI  - Prednimustine in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6829496
TI  - Noninvasive screening tests for metastatic melanoma: rationale and results.
AB  - When melanoma metastasizes to distant organs, the most common sites of
      involvement are lung, liver, bone and brain. In addition to conventional x-ray
      and radioisotopic studies, ultrasonography and computed tomography are being
      utilized in increasing frequency. The yield and reliability of these noninvasive
      tests among patients with various stages of melanoma are presented. Other than
      chest x-rays, the routine use of such tests to screen patients with early
      melanoma for occult lesions of the liver, bone and brain is not indicated. Even
      among patients with advanced melanomas, such tests should be used for staging
      purpose only in patients with symptoms or specific indications.

PMID- 6829498
TI  - Oncologists' views of cancer patient noncompliance.
AB  - Cancer patient compliance with medical advice and procedures is crucial to
      successful treatment. This study assessed the views of 246 randomly selected
      oncologists about the extent of, and reasons for, cancer patient noncompliance. A
      questionnaire was designed to assess aspects of a) appointment-keeping, b)
      adherence to outpatient and inpatient treatments, and c) adherence to self
      medication instructions. Difficulties with cancer patients' adherence to either
      inpatient or outpatient treatments were reported as the most difficult problems.
      Oncologists who reported greater problems with noncompliance had significantly
      more patients on randomized clinical trials. Oncologists cited psychological
      problems as a prime determinant for noncompliance. Treatment-related side effects
      were also seen as contributing to patient noncompliance. The results suggest that
      mental health and educational disciplines could play a significant role in the
      reduction of cancer patient noncompliance.

PMID- 6829497
TI  - A randomized study of continuous infusion vindesine versus vinblastine in adults
      with refractory metastatic sarcomas.
AB  - A randomized study was conducted in 33 adult patients with refractory metastatic
      sarcomas to compare the therapeutic efficacy of continuous vindesine versus
      continuous vinblastine. Of 30 evaluable patients, 15 patients received vindesine
      as a continuous 5-day infusion at 1.2 mg/m2 repeated every 3 weeks, and 15
      patients received vinblastine at 1.5 mg/m2/day every 3 weeks. Ten patients had
      stable disease, while 20 patients showed progressive disease. No objective
      responses were observed. There was adequate myelosuppression and both drugs were
      well tolerated with few catheter-related problems. It does not appear that
      vindesine or vinblastine, given by continuous 5-day infusion, is active in the
      treatment of metastatic sarcomas in adults.

PMID- 6829499
TI  - Effective participation in cooperative clinical trials by an independent
      community organization. An NCOG Model.
AB  - The NCCP has established a model for community involvement in study group
      clinical trials, based on the use of independent community groups as
      participating entities. The structure and operation of the Sacramento, California
      demonstration project are presented. Evaluation of the NCOG small cell lung
      cancer study 2061 reveals that the data submitted by the community group equalled
      or exceeded university-generated and group-wide data for evaluability, response
      rate, survival, and quality control.

PMID- 6829501
TI  - Renal oncocytoma and its congeners.
AB  - Although the morphologic criteria for separating renal oncocytomas from renal
      carcinomas with overlapping features are not established completely, the
      distinction is crucial because of the marked difference in prognosis. Of the 247
      renal carcinomas observed at our hospital since 1947, six had sufficient
      morphologic features of oncocytoma to pose potential difficulty in diagnosis. We
      term this group the "congeners of renal oncocytoma." Both the congeners and our
      10 oncocytomas were well-circumscribed tumors, varied considerably in size, and
      were composed of cells with granular, pink-red cytoplasm. The congeners lacked
      the diffuse organoid packeting of cells, characteristic of oncocytoma. Additional
      features that helped separate individual congeners from oncocytomas included
      yellow-tan rather than brown-red gross color, necrosis, pleomorphism, ballooned
      cytoplasm, or clear cells. Our studies indicate that some renal carcinomas have
      fields identical to oncocytoma, and frozen section, needle biopsy, or aspiration
      cytology from such an area could lead to a misdiagnosis.

PMID- 6829500
TI  - Humoral and cellular studies of eosinophils in reactive and myeloproliferative
      syndromes with marked eosinophilia.
AB  - In five patients with eosinophilia and myeloproliferative disorders, the IgE
      levels were normal, and immune complexes were not detected. In contrast, in six
      patients with reactive eosinophilia accompanying immunologic diseases, the IgE
      levels were elevated in five, and immune complexes were elevated in two. Five of
      six patients within the reactive group had positive rheumatoid factor titers by
      latex agglutination, while only one of five in the myeloproliferative group
      showed this finding. Purified eosinophils from patients with myeloproliferative
      diseases showed enhanced oxygen consumption responses during the ingestion of
      latex beads, relative to reactive eosinophils. The stimulated oxidative response
      of reactive eosinophils during phagocytosis of bacteria opsonized with antibody
      and complement was reduced, relative to myeloproliferative eosinophils. In vitro
      incubation of eosinophils with immune complexes reduced, by more than two-thirds,
      the increased oxidative responses of myeloproliferative eosinophils. Our findings
      suggest that eosinophilia seen in myeloproliferative diseases is an intrinsic
      part of the myeloproliferative process, which is not mediated or enhanced by
      allergic or immunologic reactions. The measurements reported here have potential
      value for differentiating reactive eosinophilic states from the eosinophilia
      accompanying myeloproliferative diseases.

PMID- 6829502
TI  - Ultrastructure of the esophageal muscle in achalasia and diffuse esophageal
      spasm.
AB  - The pathogenesis of dysphagia in achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is
      not understood completely, and the primary site of damage in these two entities
      is not known. This project was undertaken to study the ultrastructural changes
      present in the muscular wall of the esophagus in eight patients with achalasia
      and nine patients with DES, compared with seven controls. The ultrastructural
      alterations in the smooth muscle of all patients were neither pronounced nor
      consistent. However, nonspecific changes, including filament disarray, mottling
      of the fiber density in myocytes, thick and long cytoplasmic dense bodies, long
      dense plaques, and few nexus junctions were seen in both achalasia and DES. In
      addition, the smooth muscle cells in achalasia exhibited nuclear and cytoplasmic
      inclusions. Statistical analysis of the number of muscle cells per unit area
      suggested that the gross thickening of the muscular wall of the esophagus in
      cases of DES is because of hyperplasia and not hypertrophy of muscle cells. A
      striking change seen in achalasia esophagi and a few cases of DES, as compared to
      the controls, was the marked loss of small nerve fibers and the paucity of
      granules in the remaining fibers. This study points to a neurogenic pathogenesis
      for dysphagia in achalasia with secondary nonspecific changes in the smooth
      muscle in these two diseases. No nerve abnormalities were noticed in DES.

PMID- 6829503
TI  - The nature and origin of proliferated bile ductules in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Proliferation of bile ductules is commonly seen in expanded portal tracts and
      periportal areas in many conditions, including advanced alcoholic liver disease.
      Such ductules are usually tortuous and irregular and composed of cuboidal cells.
      They frequently have poorly defined lumens. The epithelial cells are similar to
      those of normal bile ductules and small bile ducts; however, cells that appear
      intermediate between duct epithelial cells and hepatocytes are frequently
      identified by light and electron microscopy. The origin of the ductular cells
      from hepatocytes may be confirmed by the demonstration of the markers of
      hepatocytes, such as glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in some
      proliferated bile ductules. In addition, alcoholic hyalin is occasionally
      recognizable in the epithelial cells of bile ductules. The majority of periportal
      bile ductules appears to have been derived from transformation of hepatic cords
      rather than multiplication of preexisting bile ducts. The proliferated bile
      ductules seem to communicate between the bile canaliculi and the interlobular
      bile ducts.

PMID- 6829505
TI  - Simplified method for recovery of autologous red blood cells from transfused
      patients.
AB  - Separation of autologous and transfused red blood cells from recently transfused
      patients is necessary for the proper identification of any red blood cell
      alloantibody or autoantibody. We compared two methods of separation: the standard
      technic of microhematocrit centrifugation with phthalate ester solution, and a
      simplified method of microhematocrit centrifugation without the use of esters.
      Autologous red blood cells were concentrated in the top layer of the capillary
      tube by both methods. Separation efficacy was comparable, as determined by blood
      group antigen reactivity. Good separation was achieved only in samples drawn
      three or more days post transfusion. Microhematocrit centrifugation without the
      use of phthalate esters is a simple method for the recovery of autologous red
      blood cells from recently transfused patients that can be performed by any
      standard clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6829504
TI  - A high prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in hospitalized patients.
AB  - The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia among hospitalized patients
      was studied by determining magnesium levels in 621 serum samples randomly
      selected from those submitted to the clinical chemistry laboratory for a
      biochemical test panel. The reference range for serum magnesium was established
      in this study as 1.2 to 1.9 mEq/L from measurements of serum magnesium on 341
      healthy volunteers. Hypomagnesemia (less than 1.2 mEq/L) was present in 68
      patients or 11.0%, and hypermagnesemia (greater than 1.9 mEq/L) occurred in 58
      patients or 9.3%. The degree of association between hypomagnesemia and
      hypocalcemia was assessed by measuring serum magnesium on a separate group of 61
      patients with hypocalcemia (corrected calcium less than 8.6 mg/dL).
      Hypomagnesemia was present in 23.3% of patients hypocalcemic in the absence of
      renal failure; this proportion was higher significantly than the 11.0% who were
      hypomagnesemic in the hospitalized patient group (P less than 0.025).

PMID- 6829506
TI  - The use of CIE for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxin in stool
      filtrates: laboratory and clinical correlation.
AB  - Two CIE procedures (CIE-1, CIE-2) for the detection of Clostridium difficile in
      diarrheal stools were evaluated by comparison to cytotoxin assay and culture
      results and by comparison to a clinical likelihood of C. difficile-induced
      diarrhea. Using a combination of toxin assay and culture results for reference,
      the CIE-1 and CIE-2 procedures had sensitivities of 33% and 47%, specificities of
      89% and 91%, and positive predictive values of 42% and 54%, respectively. Using
      clinical likelihood for reference, the best results were obtained by the CIE-2
      method, which yielded a positive predictive value of 77%. Neither CIE procedure
      provided an acceptable sensitivity for the detection of C. difficile in stools.

PMID- 6829507
TI  - The non-value of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the direct rapid detection of
      Clostridium difficile toxin in stool filtrates.

PMID- 6829508
TI  - Criterion for cholesterol norms--healthy or statistical?

PMID- 6829509
TI  - Continuing challenges in reduction of neonatal mortality.

PMID- 6829510
TI  - A model for studying the pathogenesis and incidence of low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - A model is proposed for analyzing the many extextrinsic and intrinsic factors
      that might affect the incidence of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants (less than
      2,501 g) adversely in populations of variable socioeconomic status (SES). The
      model provides for categorizing all mothers either into one of four broad
      categories of rinsic factors or into a normal group, free of all extrinsic
      factors. Application of the model in a prospective study of 972 infants showed
      that the incidence of LBW infants was low in normal pregnancies and significantly
      higher in the categories of extrinsic factors, that SES had a limited role in the
      birth of LBW infants, and that intrinsic factors had an almost negligible adverse
      effect if properly controlled.

PMID- 6829511
TI  - Cerebral vascular resistance in premature infants.
AB  - The cerebral vascular bed is a low-resistance system in which continuous forward
      or advancing diastolic blood flow can be demonstrated. This advancing flow
      increases progressively with vasodilation and decreases or is absent when vessels
      are constricted. By using the Doppler technique, an indirect assessment of
      vascular resistance can be made by comparing systolic and diastolic flow
      amplitudes. We examined nine premature infants and found that respiratory
      acidosis alone, or hypoxia and acidosis in combination, resulted in significant
      vasodilation. This effect was reversible when arterial blood gas tensions
      returned to normal. The results indicate that within a physiologic range of BPs,
      premature infants with acute respiratory distress can alter their cerebral
      vascular resistance in response to spontaneous changes in blood gas tensions.

PMID- 6829512
TI  - Noninvasive intracranial pressure measurement in the newborn.
AB  - A pneumatic applanation tonometer designed for intraocular pressure measurement
      was modified to measure intracranial pressure (ICP) over the open anterior
      fontanel in well and sick newborn infants. The device consists of a sensing unit,
      a pneumatic-to-electric transducer, an amplifier, and a recording unit.
      Intracranial pressure in the first three days of life in 35 normal term infants
      was 5.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) and in 25 normal preterm infants was 5.1 +/-
      0.9 mm Hg. Significant elevations in uncomplicated respiratory distress syndrome
      (6.9 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) and in infants with complicated respiratory distress syndrome
      (10.1 +/- 3.1 mm Hg). In a group of sick term infants, intracranial pressure
      measurements were also significantly elevated (14.3 +/- 10.1 mm Hg). This monitor
      is simple, quick to calibrate and use, capable of reproducible results, and well
      suited for use in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 6829513
TI  - Effect of antenatal glucocorticoids on clinical closure of the ductus arteriosus.
AB  - The incidence of clinically detectable patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a group
      of preterm infants whose birth weights were less than 2,000 g was compared with
      that of a similar group of infants whose mothers received antenatal
      glucocorticoids. A PDA was diagnosed on the basis of a typical heart murmur,
      increased precordial activity, and bounding peripheral pulses beyond the third
      day of life. Whereas 14 (44%) of 32 infants who were not exposed to antenatal
      glucocorticoids showed evidence of a PDA, only one (6.5% of 15 infants whose
      mothers received antenatal glucocorticoids had similar findings. The incidence of
      ruptured membranes (greater than 72 hours), the number of infants who were small
      for gestational age, and clinical management of the infants in the two groups
      were similar.

PMID- 6829514
TI  - Newborn sickle cell screening. Benefits and burdens realized.
AB  - Seventeen newborns identified by state-mandated screening as having sickle cell
      disease or homozygous hemoglobin C disease were followed up through interviews of
      their physicians and their parents to assess benefits and burdens received by the
      families. Many parents had provided proper care for their children (12/17) and
      pneumococcal prophylaxis had been given (6/14). However, some parents did not
      understand the recurrence risk (3/11) and for others genetic counseling may have
      threatened the parental relationship by focusing attention on the identity of the
      father (3/11). Deriving the maximum benefit from newborn sickle cell screening
      will require a better understanding on the part of physicians of the differential
      diagnosis, treatment, and inheritance of sickle cell disease and guidance
      regarding comprehensive counseling of families. In the meantime, states mandating
      such screening need to provide individual case follow-up.

PMID- 6829515
TI  - Characteristics of the mother and child in teenage pregnancy.
AB  - As shown in 11,464 black and white pregnant teenagers and 28,477 older pregnant
      women, teenage mothers tend to be of small stature and weight, consistent with
      age and early maturation. The small size of their infants is in proportion to
      their smaller size and not to their early age at conception. Although the progeny
      of teenage mothers show a higher incidence of prematurity and diminished birth
      size, in the extent of fetal loss, low Apgar and Bayley scores, and in the
      frequency of medical abnormalities, they are not at a disadvantage compared with
      infants of third-decade mothers of comparable size.

PMID- 6829516
TI  - Factors influencing initiation of breast-feeding.
AB  - We used the critical incidence method to study factors motivating 33
      primigravidas and 39 multigravidas to initiate breast-feeding of their infants.
      Women chose breast-feeding because they believed that it would provide protection
      to the infant against infection, establish maternal-infant bonding, was
      convenient, provided better nutrition than cow's milk formula, was emotionally
      satisfying, and was the natural way to feed infants. The decision to breast-feed
      was made well in advance of pregnancy by primigravidas and shortly before
      pregnancy by multigravidas. Friends who had successfully nursed infants were as
      influential as immediate family members in influencing our study subjects in
      their decision to breast-feed. Prenatal counseling, though important, may not be
      the optimal period for motivating women to breast-feed.

PMID- 6829517
TI  - Opiate v CNS depressant therapy in neonatal drug abstinence syndrome.
AB  - Paregoric and phenobarbital, administered randomly in 153 passively addicted
      neonates, initially appeared to control neonatal abstinence signs equally well.
      However, seven of the 62 phenobarbital-treated newborns had abstinence-associated
      seizures within the first month of life, while none of 49 paregoric-treated
      neonates had seizures. Forty-two neonates initially requiring no specific
      pharmacotherapy for abstinence signs were born to mothers taking less methadone
      hydrochloride just before delivery. Five of those 42 neonates, however, had
      seizures within the first 14 days of life. Seizure occurrence could not be
      predicted from analysis of early abstinence patterns. We consider paregoric to be
      the treatment of choice for the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Phenobarbital use
      should be monitored with serum drug levels and modification of recommended dosage
      regimens considered.

PMID- 6829518
TI  - Acetaminophen poisoning in infancy.
AB  - Acetaminophen is widely used in children of all ages, and overdosage from this
      medication is common. Although severe hepatotoxicity from over-dosage occurs in
      adults, acetaminophen seems to have a wide margin of safety in younger children.
      This has been ascribed to altered pharmacokinetics in this age group. We report
      two cases in which severe acetaminophen-induced hepatoxocity occurred in two
      infants. Neither infant reportedly received potentially toxic dosages, by
      history, but toxic drug levels were present in both.

PMID- 6829519
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a pediatric population.
AB  - Seven children aged from 6 weeks to 14 years were treated for end-stage renal
      disease by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 60 patient
      months. Satisfactory control of their uremia was achieved. Peritonitis was
      diagnosed on seven occasions (one case per 8.6 patient months) and did not
      interfere with continuation of dialysis or decrease peritoneal membrane
      permeability. Patients older than 5 years grew at rates comparable with those of
      patients receiving hemodialysis. Two infants receiving CAPD exhibited normal
      growth rates. Families demonstrated good psychosocial adjustment to the
      technique. Thus, CAPD seems to be a satisfactory alternative to hemodialysis for
      long-term therapy .

PMID- 6829522
TI  - Radiological case of the month: Ask-Upmark kidney.

PMID- 6829521
TI  - Primary hypertriglyceridemia in childhood.
AB  - Five of six children with severe familial primary hypertriglyceridemia in the
      first three to five years of life had what we believe is a new clinical feature,
      intermittent swelling of the limbs and scrotum. This was associated with higher
      levels of plasma triglyceride (greater than 2,000 mg/dL) and, in some instances,
      venous stasis of the affected part. All children had severe elevation of plasma
      chylomicron levels and mild elevation of very low-density lipoprotein levels.
      Four of the subjects were siblings who demonstrated heterogeneity in plasma
      lipase activities after heparin sodium administration. The clinical features and
      the lipase heterogeneities suggest that these patients possibly have an unusual
      variant of primary hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 6829520
TI  - Persistent leucine sensitivity following partial pancreatectomy and diazoxide
      treatment. Therapeutic response.
AB  - Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia secondary to nesidioblastosis persisted in a 4-year
      old girl despite a 95% pancreatectomy and high-dose diazoxide treatment. Current
      literature suggests that dietary treatment, specifically protein restriction, of
      patients who are receiving diazoxide is ineffective and that further surgical
      pancreatectomy is required. However, in this patient, marked leucine sensitivity
      was demonstrated and a subsequent reduction in leucine intake eliminated
      hypoglycemia and the need for total or nearly total pancreatectomy. Therefore,
      dietary alteration should be considered in some patients with hyperinsulinism as
      an adjunct to other medical treatment.

PMID- 6829523
TI  - Cellulitis from extravasation of calcium gluconate simulating osteomyelitis.

PMID- 6829524
TI  - Kingella kingae endocarditis in a child with a prosthetic aortic valve and
      bifurcation graft.

PMID- 6829525
TI  - Neutrophil function in a patient with meningococcal meningitis and C7 deficiency.

PMID- 6829527
TI  - Rib case deformity in neonatal hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6829526
TI  - Virilizing adrenal tumor in a 3-year-old girl: diagnosis by computed tomographic
      scan and ultrasound.

PMID- 6829529
TI  - Gower's sign.

PMID- 6829530
TI  - Seizures associated with Campylobacter enteritis.

PMID- 6829531
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 6829533
TI  - Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Although protein-losing enteropathy can be associated with a variety of
      disorders, only three cases have been described in association with systemic
      lupus erythematosus. In the case described herein, protein-losing enteropathy was
      the only clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Small intestinal
      biopsy revealed edema and mild mononuclear cell infiltration in lamina propria
      mucosae and no evidence of lymphangiectasia. X-ray studies of the
      gastrointestinal tract were normal. Protein-losing enteropathy responded to high
      dose corticosteroid therapy. Protein-losing enteropathy should be suspected as a
      possible cause of unexplained hypoalbuminemia in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6829532
TI  - Contributions of gastrointestinal biopsy to an understanding of gastrointestinal
      disease.

PMID- 6829528
TI  - Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 6829534
TI  - Influences on the occurrence of dumping syndrome.
AB  - A dumping provocation test using 50% of glucose solution labeled with Indium 115
      m, was performed on 146 occasions pre- and postoperatively in 85 patients.
      Dumping elicited by the test was defined by the symptoms produced by the test and
      various objective measures of dumping. The influence of various factors other
      than the type of operation on the occurrence of dumping has been studied in
      detail. The incidence of dumping symptoms induced by the test has shown no
      significant correlation with age, sex, weight, height, smoking habits, race, dose
      of hypertonic glucose, and the time elapsed since surgery. However, a significant
      relationship has been observed between the duration of ulcer symptoms before
      operation and the occurrence of dumping symptoms induced by the test. The test
      not only reproduced the symptoms patients had reported after eating ordinary
      foods, it also helped in eliminating patients with borderline symptoms as our
      objective measures collectively differentiated three patients from those with the
      dumping syndrome.

PMID- 6829535
TI  - Crohn's disease affecting three generations--case reports and genetic typing.
AB  - Crohn's disease, affecting three generations of a family is reported. An affected
      mother, an affected son, an unaffected daughter, and her affected child were
      evaluated by blood and HLA typing; no consistent differences among the family
      members were demonstrated. The significance of the HLA systems in relation to the
      genetic aspect of Crohn's disease is discussed. This report confirms the
      importance of heredity as one of several possible factors in the development of
      Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6829537
TI  - Eosinophilic colitis with perianal disease.

PMID- 6829536
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon 2 years after endocarditis due to Streptococcus bovis.
AB  - A patient with Streptococcus bovis endocarditis, on complete gastrointestinal
      evaluation had only an adenomatous polyp of the sigmoid colon. Twenty-eight
      months later she was found to have invasive cecal carcinoma. Periodic evaluation
      of the gastrointestinal tract is therefore recommended for all patients with a
      history of S. bovis septicemia.

PMID- 6829538
TI  - Pancreatic exocrine hypofunction in the wasting syndrome of end-stage renal
      disease.
AB  - Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease on
      hemodialysis is not well documented despite the prevalence of a wasting syndrome,
      which may indicate pancreatic involvement. The present study intended to evaluate
      pancreatic exocrine function in this group. Eight patients were studied, none of
      whom had a history suggestive of pancreatic exocrine involvement. Routine 72-h
      stool collection was performed, and estimation for fecal fat showed steatorrhea
      in four patients. The secretin-pancreozymin test (direct stimulatory method)
      showed a statistically significant decrease in amylase and lipase levels in the
      duodenal aspirate, and increased basal and stimulated serum amylase (p less than
      0.05). Values for volume, bicarbonate, and trypsin in the aspirate were normal.
      The role of pancreatic hypofunction in the etiology of the wasting syndrome of
      end-stage renal disease is therefore considered, as well as the advantages of
      pancreatic supplementation in improving nutritional status.

PMID- 6829539
TI  - Pancreatitis associated with duodenal Crohn's disease.
AB  - The fourth reported patient with acute pancreatitis associated with Crohn's
      disease of the duodenum is presented and the clinical features compared with
      previously described cases. The pathogenesis of the pancreatitis was not clear
      but the inflammatory process was found to involve the ampulla of Vater making
      ampullary incompetence with duodenal reflux or ampullary obstruction the most
      likely mechanisms. High dose prednisone combined with nasogastric suction and
      subsequently long-term Cimetidine resulted in a rapid improvement which has been
      maintained.

PMID- 6829540
TI  - Intestinal lipomatosis--an unusual case.

PMID- 6829542
TI  - Gastroenterology and the law.

PMID- 6829543
TI  - Coffee drinking and bladder cancer in Connecticut.
AB  - The association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer is investigated in
      a population-based case-control study carried out in Connecticut during 1978
      1979. Measures of coffee consumption employed include total weekly cups, years of
      consumption, and more than seven cups per week, in addition to use frequencies of
      specific coffee types. After adjustment for age and cigarette smoking, a
      significant elevation in risk for consuming more than seven cups weekly was found
      for males (odds ratio = 1.5) but not for females (odds ratio = 1.0); there was
      also some evidence of a dose-response relationship in males. Among nonsmokers of
      both sexes combined, the odds ratio for more than seven cups per week was 1.9.
      Male smokers showed age- and smoking-adjusted odds ratios for coffee similar to
      those of male nonsmokers. Female smokers had a decreased risk for bladder cancer
      associated with increased coffee consumption which reflects the substantially
      lowered risk among older (65 years and over) smoking women who may constitute a
      selected resistant group; odds ratios among younger female smokers were close to
      1.0. Males also showed elevated risks associated with consumption of regular (non
      decaffeinated) and ground (noninstant) coffees. No relationship with duration of
      consumption was found.

PMID- 6829544
TI  - Selected epidemiologic observations of cell-specific leukemia mortality in the
      United States, 1969-1977.
AB  - Utilizing a newly available data set which includes for the first time cell
      specific leukemia mortality rates for the United States during 1969-1977, age and
      sex distributions, time trends, and geographic patterns were analyzed. Four major
      cell types of leukemia were considered. Acute lymphatic leukemia had a bimodal
      distribution with the first peak in the 5-9-year age group and lowest rates in
      age group 35-44, after which rates rose geometrically. Acute myeloid leukemia had
      only a very small childhood peak with a low in the age group 5-9, after which the
      rates also rose geometrically. For both chronic lymphatic and myeloid leukemia
      the rates rose geometrically after age 15. Rates among females were consistently
      lower for each age group. The highest sex ratio was found for chronic lymphatic
      leukemia and is proposed to be the result of a lag period between male and female
      rates. During the period under study acute lymphatic leukemia mortality in adults
      declined by almost 10% while acute myeloid leukemia mortality increased by almost
      20%. Analysis of the geographic variation of the four major cell types revealed a
      geographic association between acute lymphatic and acute myeloid leukemia in
      children, a lack of association between childhood and adult cell types, and an
      association of acute and chronic cell types in adults.

PMID- 6829545
TI  - Mortality from cancer and ischemic heart disease in Danish chimney sweeps: a five
      year follow-up.
AB  - A mortality study of 713 male chimney sweeps in Denmark was performed. The
      observed number of deaths in 1970-1975 was compared with the expected number,
      calculated from cohort, period, and cause-specific death rates for employed
      Danish males. A total of 38 deaths was observed compared with the 18.3 deaths
      expected (p less than 0.01). Cancer accounted for 12 deaths versus 5.3 expected
      (p less than 0.05), ischemic heart disease for 12 deaths versus 5.4 expected (p
      less than 0.05), and residual causes for 14 deaths versus 7.6 expected (p less
      than 0.05). The excess mortality was exclusively due to cancer and ischemic heart
      disease among chimney sweeps in the older age group (45-74 years), whereas a high
      mortality due to other causes was observed among the younger sweeps (15-44
      years). It is concluded that heavy inhalation exposure to products from the
      combustion of fossil fuel leads to an increased individual risk of cancer and
      ischemic heart disease and substantially reduces the time until occurrence of
      these diseases.

PMID- 6829541
TI  - The GI drug column. The ACG committee on FDA related matters.

PMID- 6829546
TI  - The sex differential in mortality from all causes and ischemic heart disease.
AB  - The sex differential in mortality from all causes and ischemic heart disease is
      examined in an upper-middle class Caucasian community of 3516 adults in southern
      California, who were followed for a minimum of seven years. The influence of
      several demographic, behavioral, and biologic risk factors is simultaneously
      controlled for by means of a multiple logistic analysis. Risk factors include
      age, marital status, education, cigarette smoking, cholesterol, systolic blood
      pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and obesity. Both the prevalence and relative
      mortality risk associated with several risk factors differ by sex. Adjustment
      decreases the sex differential for mortality from 1.7 to 1.3 for all causes and
      from 4.8 to 2.4 for ischemic heart disease. When analysis is limited to healthy
      men and women, the adjusted sex differential in mortality is 1.2 for all causes
      and 2.0 for ischemic heart disease. Findings of this study are compared with two
      other population-based studies.

PMID- 6829547
TI  - Prevalence of depression and its correlates in older adults.
AB  - Depression was studied in a community sample of 962 males and 1555 females aged
      55 years and over living in Kentucky in 1981. The sample was representative of
      the population in Kentucky in that age group and quite similar to that US
      population. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used as a
      measure of depression, and 13.7% of the males and 18.2% of the females were at or
      above a previously established cutpoint of 20 for adults over age 55 years.
      Significant relationships to depression were found in both sexes for age,
      education, income, housing quality, marital status, and health. For females, the
      age-depression relationship was not linear. By far the strongest relationship was
      with self-reported physical health. Significant proportions of those with self
      reported kidney or bladder disease, heart trouble, lung trouble, hardening of the
      arteries, and stroke were above the depression cutpoint. For those conditions,
      physicians could expect high levels of concomitant depression in about one fourth
      of males and at least one third of females. These levels of depression were not
      found for those with high blood pressure, stomach ulcers, cancer, or diabetes.
      Over half of the sample reported taking prescribed medication and over half had
      needed a physician's care in the previous six months. Only 3.9% of the males and
      3.2% of the females admitted to needing help for mental health problems. Thus,
      older adults with depression would probably be more likely to seek help from
      physicians than from services or professionals with explicit mental health
      labels.

PMID- 6829549
TI  - Residual paralytic poliomyelitis in a tropical region of Brazil, 1969-1977:
      prevalence surveys in different age groups as indicators of changing incidence.
AB  - The magnitude of the problem of paralytic poliomyelitis in recent years in the
      tropical Federal District of Brazil was estimated in 1980 by determining the
      prevalence of residual paralytic poliomyelitis in 10,007 schoolchildren born in
      1969-1970 and in 10,794 schoolchildren born in 1973-1974. About 98% of these
      children attended school in the Federal District. The rate of residual paralytic
      poliomyelitis of 5.4 per 1000 children born in 1969-1970 was 2.3 times higher
      than the rate of 2.3 per 1000 born in 1973-1974, which may be related to
      increasing vaccination of children under one year of age. Paralysis appeared
      before four years of age in 96.5% of these children. These prevalence rates
      indicate a minimal average annual incidence of acute persisting paralytic
      poliomyelitis of 187 cases per million total population during the period 1969
      1973 and of 80 per million total population during the period 1973-1977 compared
      with an average annual incidence of 135 reported persisting and non-persisting
      paralytic cases per million total population in the United States in the
      prevaccine era and of four persisting cases per 100 million during 1973-1978.

PMID- 6829548
TI  - A community study of high density lipoproteins in adult noninsulin-dependent
      diabetics.
AB  - It is generally accepted that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is
      protective against cardiovascular disease, and that diabetics are at a
      significant excess risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies of HDL-C
      levels in noninsulin-dependent diabetics have reported divergent results,
      possibly due to case selection or failure to adjust for covariables known to
      effect HDL-C, such as obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, or
      exogenous estrogen use. The authors compared 97 adult noninsulin-dependent
      diabetics identified by history or fasting hyperglycemia from a population survey
      in southern California with 194 age- and sex-matched euglycemic controls from the
      same community. HDL-C levels were significantly lower in noninsulin-dependent
      diabetics of both sexes, and these differences persisted after adjustment for
      obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol, exercise, and estrogen use in women. These
      data support the concept that reduced levels of HDL-C may be one mechanism
      whereby diabetics experience an excess risk of cardiovascular disease. In
      contrast to the published literature, HDL-C levels were not significantly
      different in diabetics treated with tolbutamide vs. diet therapy. This finding
      does not support the suggestion that the excess risk of cardiovascular disease
      mortality in diabetics assigned to tolbutamide reported from the University Group
      Diabetes Program was a consequence of tolbutamide-induced reductions in HDL-C.

PMID- 6829550
TI  - Marker characteristics of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains isolated before
      and after epidemics and equine epizootics in Middle America.
AB  - Ninety-four strains of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus isolated from sentinel
      hamsters exposed in the Middle American countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize,
      and Honduras were examined for the presence of virions with marker
      characteristics of strains that cause large epidemics and equine epizootics.
      Thirty-four strains came from before and 60 strains came from after the Middle
      American epidemics and equine epizootics of 1966 and 1969-1972. Twenty-three
      virion clones that resembled epizootic strains by hydroxylapatite chromatography
      and Vero monkey kidney cell plaque size determinations were characterized
      further. However, the predominant virions in these clones were like enzootic
      strains from Middle America north of the Panama Canal region, and not like Middle
      American epizootic VE strains, since they were in hemagglutination-inhibition
      antigenic subtype IE, usually had optimal pH of hemagglutination at 6.2, and were
      avirulent for English shorthair guinea pigs inoculated subcutaneously. These
      results provide evidence against the theory of origin of epidemic-equine
      epizootic VE virus strains that posits that epizootic virions emerge in Middle
      America from strains containing mixtures of enzootic and epizootic virions in
      enzootic habitats.

PMID- 6829551
TI  - Epidemiologic patterns of infection with the hepatitis B virus-associated delta
      agent in Italy.
AB  - To assess the epidemiology of infection with the delta agent associated with
      hepatitis B virus, sera from 1314 carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) and 687 patients with hepatitis B collected in 1978-1981 from different
      regions of Italy were tested for delta antigen and antibody to the antigen (anti
      delta), and the characteristics of delta-positive patients were analyzed. Anti
      delta was found in each center participating in the study, indicating that delta
      infection has spread throughout Italy. Its prevalence was higher in carriers in
      southern Italy and in those with chronic hepatitis. In northern Italy, delta
      infection predominated among southern emigrants in industrial towns but also
      among parenteral drug addicts with hepatitis B virus infection. The prevalence of
      delta markers was variable and generally low in acute hepatitis B, suggesting
      that in Italy self-limited forms of delta infection occur sporadically or by
      limited outbreaks. Delta infection appears to be endemic in southern Italy but a
      new epidemiologic event in northern Italy, where it was probably introduced by
      southern emigrants and is presently exceeding its ethnic confinement to spread
      selectively in communities of drug addicts. Presumably, the endemicity of delta
      is maintained by transmission of this agent from carrier to carrier of the HBsAg.

PMID- 6829552
TI  - The rarity of cryptococcosis in Northern California: the 10-year experience of a
      large defined population.
AB  - The incidence of clinically manifest cryptococcosis was determined among over one
      million subscribers to the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern
      California during the 10-year period 1971-1980. A total of 10 persons developed
      the disease, of whom two had no underlying immunosuppressive disease or therapy.
      The overall incidence was 0.8 per million persons per year; for
      nonimmunosuppressed individuals the incidence was estimated to be 0.2 per million
      per year. Incidence increased with age into the seventh decade of life and was
      greater in men than in women. The overall case fatality rate was 40 per cent. The
      data are not consistent with the view that cryptococcosis usually occurs in
      persons without obvious predisposing factors.

PMID- 6829554
TI  - Cancer incidence and reuse of drinking water.
AB  - Several studies in the United States have shown an association between the use of
      river water as a drinking source and cancer mortality, especially
      gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancer. In the United Kingdom, many lowland
      rivers are used both as a drinking water source and as a means of transporting
      domestic and industrial wastes to the sea. The contribution of rivers to the
      drinking water supply of London residents has been increasing gradually over the
      last 50 years. This study of 14 boroughs in the south London area examines cancer
      incidence using registry data for the period 1968-1974, to assess possible risks
      associated with water reuse. Socioeconomic characteristics of the boroughs were
      obtained from the 1971 census. Positive associations were found between the
      average percentage of domestic sewage effluent in the water supplied to a borough
      and the incidence of stomach cancer and of urinary cancer in females. These
      associations were reduced when social factors and variations in borough size were
      taken into account. In spite of the interpretational problems common in aggregate
      studies, this study, when considered with the results of the US studies, provides
      some consistent epidemiologic evidence of a small health risk associated with the
      reuse of drinking water. The size of the risk in the United Kingdom needs to be
      confirmed by a definitive study on individuals.

PMID- 6829553
TI  - Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni.
AB  - In a study population of 14,998 Harvard male alumni, 681 hypertensives were first
      diagnosed during a 6-10-year follow-up beginning 16-50 years after college
      entrance. The study comprised 105,662 man-years of observation of these men who
      had entered college in 1916-1950, and who were followed from 1962 or 1966 to
      1972. Presence or absence of a background of collegiate sports did not influence
      risk of hypertension in this study population, nor did stair-climbing, walking,
      or light sports play by alumni. But, alumni who did not engage in vigorous sports
      play were at 35% greater risk of hypertension than those who did, and this
      relationship held at all ages, 35-74 years. Higher levels of body mass index,
      weight gain since college, history of parental hypertension, and lack of
      strenuous exercise independently predicted increased risk of hypertension in
      alumni. Men 20% or more over ideal weight-for-height were at 78% greater risk
      than lighter men. Those who had gained 25+ lbs (c. 11.5+ kg) since entering
      college were at 60% greater risk than those who had gained less. Alumni with a
      hypertensive parent were at 83% higher risk than men without such parentage.
      Contemporary vigorous exercise was inversely related to hypertension risk, but
      chiefly among alumni overweight-for-height. In the clinical sense, attributable
      risk estimates ranged from 30% to nearly 50% for the alumni characteristics of
      overweight, weight gain, parental hypertension, and lack of vigorous exercise. In
      the community sense, attributable risk of these same characteristics ranged 13
      26%. To sum up, vigorous exercise is associated with lower hypertension
      incidence, and, without necessarily altering body weight-for-height, avoids or
      reduces fat and promotes muscle; obesity, rather than excess weight-for-height,
      is associated with higher hypertension incidence; hence, vigorous exercise is
      appropriate for use as an intervention regimen in the prevention of hypertension.

PMID- 6829555
TI  - Adult passive smoking in the home environment: a risk factor for chronic airflow
      limitation.
AB  - Using the data of the French Cooperative Study PAARC (Pollution Atmospherique et
      Affections Respiratoires Chroniques), which in 1975 surveyed more than 7800 adult
      residents of seven cities throughout France, the authors compared the spirometric
      measurements of two groups of nonsmokers: those with and without exposure to
      passive smoking in the home. They restricted the analysis to subjects aged 40
      years of more (i.e., those presumably exposed for 15 years or more to smoking by
      their spouses) and who were living in households without other persons aged 18
      years or older (to avoid potential misclassification as true nonsmokers of
      persons living with non-interviewed individuals). The authors found that
      nonsmoking subjects of either sex whose spouses were current smokers of at least
      10 g of tobacco a day had significantly lower forced mid-expiratory flow rate
      (FEF25-75) than those married to nonsmokers. This difference was not explained by
      social class, educational level, air pollution, or family size. Women, among whom
      passive smoking is much more prevalent than it is among men, also showed a
      significant difference in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and a
      clear dose-effect relationship to amount of smoking by their husbands was found
      in the large subgroup of women without paid work (i.e., those not exposed to
      workplace smoking).

PMID- 6829557
TI  - Perceived health and mortality: a nine-year follow-up of the human population
      laboratory cohort.
AB  - The association between perceived health ratings ("excellent," "good," "fair,"
      and "poor") and mortality was assessed using the 1965 Human Population Laboratory
      survey of a random sample of 6928 adults in Alameda County, California, and a
      subsequent nine-year follow-up. Risk of death during this period was
      significantly associated with perceived health rating in 1965. The age-adjusted
      relative risk for mortality from all causes for those who perceived their health
      as poor as compared to excellent was 2.33 for men and 5.10 for women. The
      association between level of perceived health and mortality persisted in multiple
      logistic analyses with controls for age, sex, 1965 physical health status, health
      practices, social network participation, income, education, health relative to
      age peers, anomy, morale, depression, and happiness.

PMID- 6829556
TI  - Frequency of non-hormonal contraception around conception and association with
      congenital malformations in offspring.
AB  - A case-control study using data on deliveries in the mid-1970s at five
      Connecticut hospitals (cases, n = 1427; controls, n = 3001) found little
      relationship between delivery of a malformed infant and use by the mother of
      nonhormonal contraceptive methods at conception. Of particular interest was the
      lack of an association with use of the rhythm method (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95%
      confidence limits (CL) = 0.73, 1.42), spermicides (OR = 1.26, 95% CL = 0.85,
      1.85) at conception and a modest association for the intrauterine device (IUD)
      one week before conception (OR = 1.99, 95% CL = 0.98, 4.04). Continued use of the
      IUD after conception may further increase the risk for malformations but this
      observation was statistically unreliable in the present study. Mothers of
      newborns with cleft lip and palate (OR = 2.91) and congenital hydrocele (OR =
      4.64) were more frequent rhythm users at conception, and mothers of newborns with
      multiple anomalies had more recent IUD exposure (OR = 9.87), but these and all
      other specific congenital malformation groups were not significantly related to
      any non-hormonal contraceptive after adjustment for multiple observations.
      Potentially confounding maternal risk factors were controlled.

PMID- 6829558
TI  - A comparison of primary and secondary homicides in the United States.
AB  - In 1979, over 20,000 people in the United States were victims of homicide, but
      public health agencies have not yet defined their role in its prevention. Role
      definition might begin with differentiating various forms of homicide, so the
      authors used data on all homicides reported by law enforcement agencies for 1976
      1979 to determine whether homicides that did not occur during the perpetration of
      another crime (primary homicides) differ from those that occurred during the
      perpetration of another crime (secondary homicides). Primary and secondary
      homicide rates were highest in the South and West, respectively. The relative
      risk for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) compared with non-SMSAs
      was 2.4 for secondary homicide but only 1.3 for primary homicide. It was found
      that 17% of primary homicides and 3% of secondary homicides had a female
      offender. Primary homicides were more frequently intersexual and intraracial than
      were secondary homicides. Victim and offender ages were similar to one another in
      primary homicides and dissimilar in secondary ones. Over 75% of primary homicides
      involved family members or acquaintances, compared to only 24% of secondary
      homicides. The authors conclude that primary and secondary homicides are
      epidemiologically dissimilar, and they suggest that public health concern should
      focus on primary homicide. Prevention and intervention measures should
      concentrate on discussed target populations. Techniques might include stress
      reduction and conflict avoidance.

PMID- 6829559
TI  - The impact of marital status on survival after an acute myocardial infarction: a
      population-based study.
AB  - A nonconcurrent prospective study was conducted in the metropolitan Baltimore,
      Maryland, area to examine the influence of marital status on the in-hospital and
      long-term survival rate of 1401 patients who experienced an acute myocardial
      infarction. Patients were classified as "married" or "unmarried" at the time of
      their myocardial infarction and any later change in the marital history was not
      considered. For married males the adjusted in-hospital case fatality rate was
      19.7 per cent, whereas for unmarried males the rate was 26.7 per cent (p less
      than 0.05); similarly, the case fatality rate for married and unmarried females
      was 23.3 per cent and 37.4 per cent, respectively (p less than 0.05). A 10-year
      follow-up of 888 subjects who were discharged alive after an acute myocardial
      infarction also showed a significantly better survival rate for the married
      compared to the unmarried for both males (p less than 0.0001) and females (p less
      than 0.025). The results of this study indicate that married men and women who
      experience an acute myocardial infarction have a significantly better survival
      prospect, both in-hospital and after discharge, independent of other factors.

PMID- 6829560
TI  - Artificial sweeteners and lower urinary tract cancer: hospital vs. population
      controls.
AB  - In a case-control study conducted in 1978 in Detroit, Michigan, as part of the
      National Bladder Cancer Study, the proportions of artificial sweetener users in a
      hospital and a population control series were compared. The study was based on
      interviews with 305 hospital controls and 440 population controls, as well as 391
      patients with transitional or squamous cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract.
      The proportion of artificial sweetener users among all hospital controls was
      higher than that among population controls. Among male hospital controls, it was
      found that 44% had ever used artificial sweeteners, compared to 38% of the male
      population controls. For females, the corresponding proportions of artificial
      sweetener users were 55% and 42%. Thus, relative risks estimated using all
      hospital controls were lower than relative risks estimated using population
      controls. When controls hospitalized for obesity-related diseases were excluded
      from the hospital control group, the proportion of artificial sweetener users and
      the relative risks for males were identical to those estimated with population
      controls (relative risk = 1.1). These results suggest that restriction of the
      control group to those patients hospitalized for non-obesity related diseases is
      a satisfactory procedure for selecting a control group in hospital-based studies
      of the effects of artificial sweeteners. For females, little or no change in the
      proportion of artificial sweetener users or in the relative risks was observed
      after exclusion of controls hospitalized for obesity-related diseases. However,
      the number of female subjects was small, and the results noted for females may
      have been due to chance.

PMID- 6829562
TI  - Extensions to multivariate normal models for pedigree analysis. II. Modeling the
      effect of shared environment in the analysis of variation in blood lead levels.
AB  - A multivariate normal model for pedigree analysis is applied to blood lead
      measurements from 617 individuals in 80 families in Melbourne, Australia, studied
      in 1977-1978. A new method is introduced for estimating time dependence of the
      family covariance matrix for blood lead levels; this time dependence can be
      interpreted as arising from the effects of common family environment on blood
      lead levels. Methods for the testing of assumptions and detection of outlying
      pedigrees and outlying individuals are applied. No correlation between blood lead
      levels of spouses was observed, but an effect of shared family environment was
      suggested by the difference between an estimated sibling correlation of about 0.5
      for young sibling pairs living together and of about 0.1 for older siblings no
      longer living together. As there was no significant polygenic additive effect,
      the non-zero correlation between older siblings is more likely to be due to
      continuing effects of (environmental) factors shared in youth, rather than to a
      polygenic dominant effect. It is estimated that smoking 20 cigarettes per day is
      associated with an increase of about 12 per cent in blood lead level.

PMID- 6829561
TI  - Epidemiologic investigations of dengue infection in Mexico, 1980.
AB  - A binational investigation was conducted in two Mexican cities in 1980 to study
      epidemiologic characteristics of dengue. Two study areas were selected in each of
      the cities (Merida and Tampico); in each area, in February and in September,
      sanitarians recorded information concerning abundance of Aedes aegypti, and
      public health nurses obtained blood specimens and clinical information from
      residents. Ninety-nine individuals (24% of the study population) showed serologic
      evidence of recent dengue 1 infection by hemagglutination inhibition or
      complement fixation. Infection rates in the four study areas (9%-51%) increased
      with age in three of the four areas and were higher in females in all four areas.
      These differences in rates may be related to exposure to infectious mosquitoes in
      the home; A. aegypti feed most actively during daylight hours, and both females
      (p less than 0.001) and older individuals (p less than 0.001) were more likely
      than males or younger persons to be in the home when the study was conducted. A
      positive correlation was found between infection rates and the container index
      (number of potential A. aegypti breeding sites per premise--Pearson correlation
      coefficient 0.95, p = 0.05), suggesting that this index may be a useful predictor
      of neighborhoods at high risk of dengue transmission. Pending additional studies,
      public cleanup campaigns should be targeted to neighborhoods in which container
      indices are highest when an outbreak of dengue is likely to occur.

PMID- 6829563
TI  - Estimation of the distribution of age at natural menopause from prevalence data.
AB  - Nearly 30% of US women reach menopause (defined as cessation of menstrual
      periods) as a consequence of an operation. This biases the observable
      distribution of age at natural menopause. Another problem with estimating this
      distribution from a cross-sectional study is the clustering of reported age at
      natural menopause around ages ending in zero and five (Mac-Mahon B, Worcester J.
      Age at menopause, United States 1960-1962. Washington DC: National Center for
      Health Statistics, 1966. Vital and health statistics, Series 11: Data from the
      National Health Survey, no. 19. (DHEW publication no. (HSM) 66-1000)). This paper
      discusses the approach of Mac-Mahon and Worcester to this problem and compares it
      with a competing risks approach.

PMID- 6829564
TI  - Assessing the heterogeneity of disease spread through a community.
AB  - Care needs to be exercised in attempts at obtaining a description of the spread
      of disease merely by fitting a mathematical model to infectious disease data and
      adjusting the model until it adequately fits the observed epidemic curve. It is
      always necessary to perform separate statistical tests of the underlying
      assumptions of an epidemic model before attempting to use such a model to obtain
      epidemiologically meaningful insights into the mechanism of disease spread.
      Methods for such tests are presented and illustrated with reference to epidemics
      of respiratory diseases that occurred on the island of Tristan da Cunha in the
      South Atlantic between 1964 and 1968.

PMID- 6829565
TI  - Should dead cases be matched to dead controls?

PMID- 6829566
TI  - An investigation of the relationship between stomach cancer and cerebrovascular
      disease: evidence for and against the salt hypothesis.

PMID- 6829567
TI  - Menarcheal age and spontaneous abortion: a casual connection?

PMID- 6829568
TI  - Nutritional therapy of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 6829569
TI  - Nitrogen mustard therapy in children with frequent-relapsing nephrotic syndrome
      and steroid toxicity.
AB  - Nitrogen mustard (HN-2) is an alkylating agent known to be effective in inducing
      and prolonging remissions of nephrotic syndrome in children. The fact that the
      drug is administered intravenously eliminates the problem of compliance, and the
      fact that the treatment needs to be given only for a few days may lower the
      incidence of side-effects observed with other cytotoxic agents. We administered
      HN-2 to 12 children with the steroid-sensitive frequent-relapsing form of
      nephrotic syndrome, who had evidence of steroid toxicity. Life table analysis
      reveals a 46% sustained remission rate after 27 mo of follow-up. Complications of
      HN-2 treatment included only mild thrombophlebitis (2 patients) and mild local
      paresthesia (1 patient).

PMID- 6829570
TI  - Ribonuclease inhibition of erythropoiesis in anemia of uremia.
AB  - The anemia of chronic renal failure was studied by assessing the effect of uremic
      serum on proliferation of human marrow erythroid stem cells into colonies in
      vitro. Of 50 sera tested, 46 inhibited "CFU-E" colony formation by a mean of 72%,
      and 42 inhibited "BFU-E" colonies by a mean of 53.5%, compared to normal sera.
      Analysis of the uremic sera revealed a striking increase of ribonuclease activity
      in every patient. Mean activity in the study group was 17,346 U/ml serum (range
      6,700-36,250) compared to control mean of 1,047 +/- 247 U/ml. Purified
      ribonuclease added to marrow cultures in concentrations simulating uremic serum
      produced a dose-dependent decrease in CFU-E colonies suggesting that the
      substance has a role in the production of anemia of renal failure.

PMID- 6829571
TI  - Comparison of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate in a detergent base (Hibiclens) and
      povidone-iodine (Betadine) for the skin preparation of hemodialysis patients and
      personnel.
AB  - The abnormal cutaneous flora of hemodialysis (HD) patients might contribute to
      their frequent septic complications. We compared the effects of 13 wk of Betadine
      and 13 wk of Hibiclens on the skin flora of HD patients and personnel. Skin
      cultures were obtained weekly immediately prior to the disinfection, preceding
      each triweekly HD treatment, and monthly, at 2 and 4 hr postdisinfection. Total
      bacterial counts from predisinfection cultures were not significantly altered
      over either 13-wk treatment period. Hibiclens reduced total bacterial counts (p
      less than 0.01) and eradicated cutaneous staphylococci (p = 0.032) at both 2 and
      4 hr postdisinfection significantly more than did Betadine. No reduction of
      staphylococcal sensitivity to either germicidal agent could be demonstrated.
      Neither agent was associated with severe adverse reactions and Hibiclens could
      not be detected in the blood. Hibiclens appears to offer short-term advantages
      over Betadine in the HD setting because of significantly longer duration of
      antibacterial activity.

PMID- 6829572
TI  - Lead nephropathy and gout.

PMID- 6829574
TI  - Calculating administration rates for multicomponent admixtures.

PMID- 6829573
TI  - Prochlorperazine edisylate incompatibility.

PMID- 6829575
TI  - Doxorubicin hydrochloride-aluminum interaction.

PMID- 6829576
TI  - The paperless pharmacy library.

PMID- 6829577
TI  - Computer-assisted drug literature retrieval.

PMID- 6829578
TI  - Clinical pharmacy in the 1980s.

PMID- 6829579
TI  - Economies of purchasing group size.
AB  - The relationship of drug price and purchasing group size was evaluated. Thirty
      drug line items were studied in 26 private hospital purchasing groups of various
      sizes. Prices were analyzed relative to purchasing group size, age, and location.
      Drug prices were negatively correlated to group size in a linear relationship.
      Prices were significantly lower in groups representing greater than 10,000 beds.
      No significant relationship was found between group age or location and drug
      prices. The theory that increasing purchasing group size will result in better
      contract prices was supported.

PMID- 6829580
TI  - Application of psychological principles to the design of written patient
      information.

PMID- 6829581
TI  - Pharmaceutical services in family practice medical residency training programs.
AB  - The extent and nature of pharmacists' involvement in family practice medical
      residency training programs was assessed using a national survey. Department
      chairmen of all 386 approved family practice residency training programs in the
      United States were contacted and asked to provide the names and addresses of
      pharmacists in charge of pharmaceutical services in the centers. A 46-item, six
      page questionnaire was mailed to each pharmacist with a follow-up mailing, then a
      telephone call, to nonresponders. Department chairmen of 68 (18%) of the programs
      reported having at least one pharmacist in the center. Responses to the
      questionnaire were obtained from 53 (78%) of the pharmacists, four of whom were
      no longer involved with family practice centers. Most of the remaining 49
      pharmacists were men (76%) between 30 and 40 years old (59%) with an academic
      appointment (67%) and a doctor of pharmacy degree or some type of postgraduate
      training. Drug-distribution services were provided in 37% of the centers. All
      pharmacies offered clinical services. Almost all pharmacies (92%) offered
      educational services to both medical and nursing staffs, and pharmacists in 74%
      of the centers were involved in research. Few family practice medical residency
      training centers have pharmaceutical services conducted by a pharmacist; centers
      with pharmacists have a wide variety of distributive and clinical services.

PMID- 6829582
TI  - Pharmacist as a primary-care provider in a tuberculosis clinic.

PMID- 6829583
TI  - "Procompetition" and the continuing struggle to contain health-care costs.
AB  - Various proposals designed to increase competitive forces in the health-care
      services economy are discussed. Two concepts inherent in market-oriented
      strategies for containing health-care costs--cost sharing and fixed-dollar
      subsidies--are defined. Among the strategies for increasing market forces in
      health care are (1) increasing consumer choice, (2) increasing consumer cost
      sharing, (3) modifying tax treatment of insurance and medical care, (4)
      controlling the terms of employment-based insurance, and (5) application of
      antitrust law. Specific conceptual and legislative "procompetition" proposals are
      summarized. All of the "procompetition" proposals offer economic incentives for
      good management of hospitals as a whole as well as for individual departments
      such as the pharmacy.

PMID- 6829584
TI  - Considerations in selecting a mobile master medication cart.

PMID- 6829585
TI  - Stability of pentobarbital sodium in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium
      chloride injection.

PMID- 6829586
TI  - Technology's consort.

PMID- 6829587
TI  - The generalist: a jaundiced view.

PMID- 6829589
TI  - Hematuria and red cell casts in typical diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Hematuria and red cell casts are unusual urinary findings in patients with
      diabetic nephropathy. This glomerular disease is more typically characterized by
      the presence of moderate to severe proteinuria. Hematuria with red blood cell
      casts in patients with suspected diabetic nephropathy suggests the presence of a
      second, unrelated form of glomerulonephritis. The full clinical and renal
      pathologic findings in eight patients with otherwise typical diabetic nephropathy
      who also had significant hematuria and red cell casts in the urinary sediment are
      reported. Three of the patients had an immune-mediated form of glomerulonephritis
      identified. Careful histologic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescent
      examination of the renal tissue from the remaining five patients demonstrated
      only diabetic nephropathy, without evidence of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
      in any. Screening urinalysis in a population of 30 patients with diabetic
      nephropathy revealed hematuria in 30 percent and red cell casts in 13 percent. It
      is concluded that significant hematuria with red cell casts may be a clinical
      feature of diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 6829590
TI  - Outbreak of pyrogenic reactions at a dialysis center. Association with infusion
      of heparinized saline solution.
AB  - Twenty-three pyrogenic reactions occurred in 16 patients undergoing hemodialysis
      at a private dialysis center in the south central United States between November
      23 and December 2, 1978. No deaths were attributed to reactions; however, 10
      patients were hospitalized for observation after experiencing a reaction.
      Cultures of all blood specimens obtained from the patients gave negative results.
      Chills (75 percent), nausea and/or vomiting (30 percent), and fever (90 percent)
      were the most common signs and symptoms, with mean times of onset after starting
      dialysis of 1.1, 1.6, and 3.6 hours, respectively. An epidemiologic and
      laboratory investigation documented that reactions occurred only in patients who
      had anticoagulation with a dilute solution of heparin. Analyses of heparinized
      saline solution used during the outbreak revealed a bacterial count of 7.4 X
      10(5)/ml and a bacterial endotoxin level of 1,300 ng/ml. Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus var. Iwoffi was isolated from the solution. Diluted heparin
      solution was prepared at the dialysis center by adding commercially supplied
      sodium heparin to 0.9 percent sodium chloride infusion fluid. Bacteria and
      endotoxin were not detected in vials of stock heparin and bags of unopened 0.9
      percent sodium chloride infusion fluid. We concluded that contamination of the
      solution occurred at the dialysis center. After changes in the preparation and
      use of heparin were instituted on December 4, 1978, no pyrogenic reactions
      occurred in more than 400 subsequent dialyses.

PMID- 6829588
TI  - Reversible "end-stage" lupus nephritis. Analysis of patients able to discontinue
      dialysis.
AB  - Seventeen of 41 patients with lupus nephritis who underwent dialysis for renal
      failure recovered renal function and discontinued dialysis. Two of these 17 had
      confounding factors unrelated to lupus that contributed to renal dysfunction (one
      meningococcemia, one vigorous diuresis). Indications for dialysis were identical
      both in patients who discontinued dialysis (short-term) and in those who did not
      (long-term). The rate of progression to dialysis, measured as the slope of the
      reciprocal of the serum creatinine level versus time, was significantly more
      rapid in the short-term group (p less than 0.001). Patients who underwent short
      term dialysis were more likely to have had lupus for less than two years (p =
      0.015). Anti-DNA antibody binding values, total hemolytic complement levels,
      extent of extrarenal disease, and hypertension did not differentiate the short
      term from long-term dialysis groups. Renal biopsy performed within three months
      of first dialysis did not demonstrate a consistent picture in the short-term
      dialysis group. Dialysis is not equivalent to irrevocable end-stage renal disease
      in patients with lupus nephritis. Thirteen of 22 patients (59 percent) with a 10
      percent reduction time for renal function of less than three weeks were able to
      discontinue dialysis. Ten of these 13 were alive without need for dialysis six
      months later, with a mean follow-up serum creatinine level of 2.9 +/- 1.9 mg/dl.

PMID- 6829591
TI  - "Optimal" left ventricular filling pressure during nitroprusside infusion for
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6829592
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular abnormalities in the Marfan
      syndrome. Comparison with clinical findings and with roentgenographic estimation
      of aortic root size.
AB  - Echocardiographic abnormalities of the mitral valve and aortic root were compared
      with auscultatory findings and with assessment of aortic root size by chest
      roentgenography in 61 patients with the Marfan syndrome. Echocardiography was
      more sensitive than physical examination in detecting valvular and aortic root
      abnormalities. Although physical examination revealed findings of mitral valve
      disease and/or of aortic regurgitation in 52 percent of patients (mitral valve
      disease in 44 percent and aortic regurgitation in 23 percent), echocardiography
      detected abnormalities of the mitral valve and/or aortic root in 82 percent of
      patients (mitral valve prolapse in 57 percent and aortic root enlargement in 69
      percent). Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was approximately equal in male and
      female patients, whereas aortic root enlargement was more frequent in males (83
      percent) than in females (50 percent). Echocardiographically detected aortic root
      enlargement was frequently not apparent on chest x-ray films. Indeed, five
      patients with markedly increased aortic root diameters (ranging from 6.0 to 7.9
      cm) had no evident enlargement of the aortic root on routine chest x-ray films.
      In all four of those patients who had angiographic and/or pathologic
      correlations, confirmation of marked aortic root dilatation was obtained. There
      are limitations to echocardiographic evaluation of the presence and severity of
      underlying cardiovascular disease in patients with the Marfan syndrome. Mitral
      valve disease may not be detected, especially in patients with left ventricular
      dilatation. In addition, due to anteroposterior compression of the left atrium by
      the enlarged aorta, left atrial size may be underestimated in patients with
      aortic root enlargement.

PMID- 6829594
TI  - Correct characterization of Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 6829593
TI  - The peer review and editorial process: a limited evaluation.

PMID- 6829596
TI  - Suggestion of need for higher therapeutic levels of serum theophylline to achieve
      optimal therapeutic response.

PMID- 6829595
TI  - Spontaneous dissection of left anterior descending coronary artery.

PMID- 6829597
TI  - Strychnine poisoning. Recovery from profound lactic acidosis, hyperthermia, and
      rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - Strychnine poisoning results in a predictable and treatable sequence of events
      involving blockade of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, extensor muscle spasms,
      seizures, and respiratory paralysis. These spasms may lead to hyperthermia,
      profound lactic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis. Acidosis is primarily attributable
      to lactate, as indicated by the correlation between arterial pH and log of lactic
      acid concentration (r = -0.878). Interruption of the strychnine blockade is the
      primary therapy for strychnine poisoning. Phenobarbital in moderate doses should
      be the first intervention and anesthetic doses should be used if necessary.
      Suppression of convulsions will permit successful management of the complications
      of strychnine poisoning. Our patient survived, even though at one point he had a
      pH of 6.55, a lactate level of 32 mM/liter, a temperature of 43 degrees C, and
      rhabdomyolysis with an increased creatine phosphokinase level of 359,000 mU/ml
      (5,983 mumol/s/liter).

PMID- 6829599
TI  - A new short rib syndrome: report of two cases.
AB  - We describe two unrelated malformed infants who died shortly after birth and who
      had multiple congenital anomalies including hydrops and ascites, facial
      abnormalities (with median cleft of the upper lip), narrow thorax, protuberant
      abdomen, and short, bowed limbs. Postmortem radiographs showed very short ribs
      and disproportionately short long tubular bones; no metaphyseal abnormalities
      were present. Comparison with earlier described short-rib/short-rib-polydactyly
      syndromes suggest that the disorder present in our two cases is a new type of
      short-rib syndrome. One of our patients was born to a consanguineous couple; in a
      subsequent pregnancy, real-time ultrasonography in the second trimester showed
      that the female fetus had the same abnormalities as its sib. Diagnosis was
      confirmed after elective abortion. This suggests that this short-rib syndrome may
      be an autosomal recessive disorder.

PMID- 6829600
TI  - Improved detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy heterozygotes using
      discriminant analysis of creatine kinase levels.
AB  - We have assessed the sensitivity and specificity of tests to detect carriers of
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy by use of three serum enzymes (creatine kinase,
      pyruvate kinase, and aldolase) and discriminant analysis in 21 obligate
      heterozygotes and 28 normal controls. We found no significant age effects on
      enzyme levels. Each enzyme level considered separately was significantly higher
      in heterozygotes. Use of logs improved discrimination, and log CK was sufficient
      by itself as a discriminant (that is, addition of other enzymes did not
      significantly improve discrimination). We present procedures to generate
      posteriori probabilities for genetic counselling that incorporate prior
      probabilities and enzyme levels. Our results show both improved sensitivity (90%)
      and specificity (86%).

PMID- 6829598
TI  - Acute monoarticular arthritis due to Phialophora parasitica.

PMID- 6829601
TI  - Brief clinical report: a new syndrome of hemangiomatous branchial clefts, lip
      pseudoclefts, and unusual facial appearance.
AB  - Two unrelated children (one male, the other female) had unusual craniofacial
      anomalies consisting of hemangiomatous branchial clefts, lip pseudoclefts, and
      identical unusual facial appearance. One also had unilateral microphthalmia and
      both had congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Two similar, sporadic cases
      from the literature were also identified. These four cases form the basis of a
      new, distinctly recognizable pattern of malformation.

PMID- 6829603
TI  - Developments in the trapezoidcephaly-multiple synostosis syndrome.

PMID- 6829602
TI  - Antley-Bixler syndrome in sisters: a term newborn and a prenatally diagnosed
      fetus.
AB  - Sisters with the Antley-Bixler syndrome are reported herein. The first infant
      died at 14 days of respiratory failure and the following findings characteristic
      of the syndrome: craniosynostosis of coronal and lambdoid sutures, brachycephaly,
      frontal bossing, severe midface hypoplasia with proptosis and choanal
      stenosis/atresia, humero-radial synostosis, medial bowing of ulnae, long slender
      fingers with camptodactyly, narrow iliac wings, anterior bowing of femora,
      cardiac and renal malformations. Unlike two previously published cases, she did
      not have connatal fractures, but she had vaginal atresia. Ultrasound examination
      in a subsequent pregnancy showed immobility at the elbows of the fetus, humero
      radial synostosis, medial bowing of ulnae, and long hands and fingers. The fetus
      also had mild bowing of femora. The pregnancy was terminated in the 21st week and
      the findings were confirmed by clinical and radiologic examinations. Additional
      autopsy findings included cardiac and renal malformations. The Antley-Bixler
      syndrome is a recognizable malformation syndrome with a probable autosomal
      recessive mode of inheritance, which can be diagnosed in the fetus by
      midtrimester ultrasound examination.

PMID- 6829604
TI  - Radial ray aplasia and renal anomalies in father and son: a new syndrome.
AB  - We describe a father and his son with bilateral absence of radius and thumb. Both
      have short stature, external ear malformation, and renal anomaly. In the son a
      high frequency of chromosome breaks in lymphocytes was found. We compare this
      familial syndrome to Fanconi anemia and other radial ray aplasia syndromes and
      conclude that we are dealing with a different entity, which apparently is
      inherited as a dominant trait.

PMID- 6829605
TI  - Duplication 10p in a girl due to a maternal translocation t(10;14) (p11:p12).
AB  - We present a dup (10p) due to a t(10;14) (p11;p12)mat with a malformation
      syndrome in a girl. The analysis of 37 published cases shows that 31 patients (16
      males; 15 females) had either a mother or a father carrying a balanced
      translocation; one case was due to a paternal and another due to a maternal
      pericentric inversion; two cases were due to de novo translocations; one case had
      a partial duplication of 10p; and one case had a supernumerary ring chromosome
      composed of 10p material. The phenotypic spectrum of the condition was analyzed.
      It is a specific multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR)
      syndrome which includes characteristic facial appearance (dolichocephaly, frontal
      bossing, short nose with a broad root, highly arched and upswept eyebrows, long
      philtrum, and thin lips), postnatal growth retardation, severe mental and
      psychomotor retardation, and several major and minor anomalies.
      Pseudohermaphroditism seems to be an important anomaly being present in 15 to 20%
      of affected males. A hypothenar crease together with a transverse crease forming
      a "crease triangle" seems a helpful sign in the clinical diagnosis of duplication
      10p.

PMID- 6829606
TI  - Renal failure with hypercalcemia, renal stones, multiple pathologic fractures,
      and growth failure.

PMID- 6829607
TI  - Identical multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome due
      to del(2)(q32) in two sisters with intrachromosomal insertional translocation in
      their father.
AB  - We report two sisters with a deficiency of band 2q32 that resulted from meiotic
      crossover events in their father, who is a balanced, intrachromosomal insertional
      translocation heterozygote. This three-break rearrangement involving a single
      chromosome is among the rarest class of human structural chromosome
      abnormalities. A review confirms the theoretically predicted high risk of
      unbalanced progeny for such translocation heterozygotes. Fertility of carriers
      seems to be unimpaired in either sex. Available information is insufficient to
      define the effect of insertional translocation on homologue pairing, crossover
      frequency, and other meiotic phenomena.

PMID- 6829608
TI  - Pachyonychia Congenita (Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome): a seventeen-member, four
      generation pedigree with unusual respiratory and dental involvement.
AB  - Pachyonychia Congenita (PC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome of thick nails and
      other epithelial defects. A hospitalization for severe respiratory distress in a
      3-year-old boy with PC and an affected father led to the discovery of 17 affected
      persons in a kindred spanning four generations. Nine relatives had varying
      degrees of upper respiratory tract obstruction, and eleven had dental
      aberrations. We review PC and discuss other unusual findings in this kindred, ie,
      arthritis in four affected relatives and a discrepancy between expected and
      observed ratios of affected to unaffected offspring of mothers with PC.

PMID- 6829609
TI  - Brief clinical report: ring-11 chromosome: phenotype-karyotype correlation with
      deletions of 11q.
AB  - The cytogenetic evaluation of a female infant with congenital anomalies led to
      the identification of the second reported case of a ring-11 chromosome. Unlike
      the previously described case, in which the patient had only minimal clinical
      findings and no demonstrable loss of material from the ring, our patient had
      numerous anomalies that were associated with a substantial deficiency of 11q
      material. The different phenotypes in these two cases represent variation in the
      amount and location of the chromosomal material lost during the genesis of the
      ring. The manifestations of this patient and the deletion of region q24 leads to
      qter from the ring-11 identify a specific chromosome deletion syndrome referred
      to as del (11q) syndrome.

PMID- 6829611
TI  - Inheritance of immunoglobulin E: genetic model fitting.
AB  - Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration was measured on 316 members of
      five pedigrees selected through breast cancer probands. Sex- and age-adjusted
      natural logarithm-transformed IgE level was not found to differ between
      individuals with breast cancer or with cancer of any site and other relatives.
      Likelihoods of the polygenic and of one-locus, two-allele major gene and mixed
      models were computed. The analysis provided evidence for the presence of a
      polygenic component in the determination of IgE; it did not show evidence of a
      major gene effect.

PMID- 6829610
TI  - Brief clinical report: prune belly syndrome in an anencephalic male.

PMID- 6829613
TI  - Duplication of 16p from insertion of 16p into 16q with subsequent duplication due
      to crossing over within the inserted segment.
AB  - Two members of a large family had a similar multiple congenital anomalies mental
      retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome and an identical aberration of chromosome 16. Their
      mothers, who are first cousins, had a different abnormality of one chromosome 16,
      which appeared to be an acrocentric. We interpret these findings as an insertion
      of a segment of 16p into 16q. following a three-break rearrangement and meiotic
      crossing over. The two abnormal children have a duplication of 16p11 leads to
      p13. The clinical manifestations of these patients differ from those of
      previously reported cases of dup(16p).

PMID- 6829614
TI  - A fifty-year-old man with skin pigmentation, arthritis, chronic renal failure and
      methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 6829612
TI  - Familial amniotic bands.
AB  - Amniotic bands can cause a wide variety of deformities and mutilations. They are
      generally considered sporadic. Two families are presented with apparent familial
      amniotic band anomalies. Additional cases in the literature are reviewed. These
      aggregations may be coincidental, and recurrence risk is apparently low. However,
      amniotic band malformations may be an indication for caution in the use of
      amniocentesis in future pregnancies.

PMID- 6829616
TI  - Behavior disturbance since childhood among a 5-year birth cohort of all mentally
      retarded young adults in a city.
AB  - A behavior disturbance classification was described and its distribution in
      childhood and the postschool period examined in a 5-year bith cohort of mentally
      retarded young adults. Approximately 60 percent had some behavior disturbance in
      each period. Hyperactive behavior was most frequent among children with lower IQs
      and antisocial behavior among children and young adults with higher IQs.
      Aggressive conduct disorder in childhood was most frequent among those with IQs
      below 50. Emotional disturbance was more frequent among females in the postschool
      period, and antisocial behavior was more frequent among males, both in childhood
      and the later period.

PMID- 6829619
TI  - Teaching TMR children to read using integrated picture cueing.
AB  - A rebus program was compared with a new picture-cue method for teaching TMR
      children to read. Two groups of 20 TMR children each participated in a 26-week
      course during which recognition and transfer to standard orthography were
      measured. The cued-word group was significantly superior in reading words in
      standard orthography both during training (75 percent compared with 25 percent
      transfer) as well as at the end of training (96 vs. 50 percent transfer). The
      results justify further exploration of the picture-cueing method both for
      retarded and for beginning readers in general.

PMID- 6829621
TI  - Effects of socialization games on proximity and prosocial behavior of aggressive
      mentally retarded institutionalized women.
AB  - Socialization games, designed to reinforce prosocial behavior between moderately
      and severely mentally retarded aggressive institutionalized women, were presented
      to two groups on 12 occasions over 8 weeks, randomly interspersed with 12
      sessions of arts and crafts or filmstrip stories. Half of the sessions were
      presented in the morning and half in the afternoon. Video-taped observations of
      interpersonal behavior for 10 minutes after each session were analyzed in terms
      of friendly, unfriendly, and inactive behavior, and the distance of each subject
      from each other subject was measured. The rate of friendly behavior was
      significantly greater after the games and was higher in morning than afternoon
      sessions. The games also significantly decreased interpersonal distance. Both
      unfriendly behavior and inactivity were higher after the "placebo" sessions. The
      relevance of these results to institutional programming was discussed.

PMID- 6829618
TI  - Effects of structural importance and idea saliency on discourse recall of
      mentally retarded and nonretarded pupils.
AB  - The ability of EMR individuals and two groups of nonretarded students to rate and
      recall story ideas as a function of textual structural importance and idea
      saliency was investigated. Students rated idea units of a story on one variable
      either before or after attempting story recall. Results indicated that the groups
      were more accurate in identifying low-importance units than high-importance units
      and that although the nonretarded pupils were more accurate in identifying units
      of low and medium saliency than high saliency, the retarded pupils did not differ
      in rating accuracy at the three saliency levels. Making ratings of structural
      importance was found to enhance recall. Retarded students recalled less salient
      and nonsalient material than did the 11- to 13-year-old nonretarded group and
      recalled more nonsalient and medium-level salient units than did the 7- to 9-year
      old nonretarded group.

PMID- 6829617
TI  - Diagnostic overshadowing and professional experience with mentally retarded
      persons.
AB  - Possible associations between professional experience with mentally retarded
      people and diagnostic overshadowing were evaluated. In a 3 X 2 factorial
      experiment, psychologists at state developmental disabilities facilities (high
      experience group), psychologists at state mental health facilities (moderate
      experience group), and clinical graduate students (low-experience group) rated a
      case history of a person with schizophrenia on 11 scales of psychopathology. For
      approximately half of the subjects within each group, the client was mentally
      retarded in addition to schizophrenic; for the remaining subjects, the client had
      average intelligence. Professional experience was associated with diagnostic
      ratings but not with overshadowing. We concluded that diagnostic overshadowing is
      unrelated to a broad range of professional experience with retarded people.

PMID- 6829622
TI  - Naturalistic studies of institutionalized profoundly or severely mentally
      retarded persons: the relationship of density and behavior.
AB  - Observational data were collected on institutionalized mentally retarded people
      to determine the relationship between density and behavior in order to discover
      (a) in what size groups do such persons typically congregate? and (b) what effect
      does density have on their behavior within that group? Results showed that (a)
      this population was alone or only with peers more than with staff by a 3:1 ratio;
      (b) when they were with staff, they were with two or more peers 75 percent of the
      time; and (c) when they were not with staff, they were with two or more peers
      more than they were alone or with only one other peer. Results also showed that
      certain types of behavior changed in frequency as density changed.

PMID- 6829615
TI  - Familial X-linked mental retardation syndrome associated with minor congenital
      anomalies, macro-orchidism, and fragile X-chromosome.
AB  - Three young males of Azorian origin who exhibited significant mental retardation,
      minor congenital anomalies, behavior disorders, and macro-orchidism were
      described. The chromosomal analysis revealed a fragile X chromosome in all three
      patients.

PMID- 6829620
TI  - Comparison of suspensions of EMR and nonretarded students.
AB  - Recently, the suspension from school of handicapped students has generated
      considerable media attention, but very little is known about incidence of
      suspension and categories of precipitating offenses. Incidence was determined by
      drawing a random sample of 241 EMR students and selecting 241 nonretarded
      students who matched the EMR students on sex, race, school attended, and
      eligibility for free or reduced price lunch. Results showed that EMR students
      were no more likely to be suspended than were nonretarded students. A second
      group of 100 suspended EMR students was compared with an equal number of
      suspended nonretarded students. Discriminant analysis indicated that nonretarded
      students were more likely to be suspended for drug- and alcohol-related offenses
      and other disruptive behavior such as disrespect and smoking. Mildly retarded
      students were suspended more for unspecified reasons.

PMID- 6829623
TI  - Haptic attention and visual transfer by mentally retarded and nonretarded
      individuals.
AB  - Four mentally retarded and four nonretarded adolescents learned compound
      discriminations in the haptic (touch) modality using Ray's (1969) conflict
      compound procedure. Reinforcement history was controlled so that prior
      reinforcement contingencies were unchanged for one element and reversed for the
      other element of a compound (two-element) stimulus during discrimination
      training. Consistent with Huguenin and Touchette's (1980) results in the visual
      modality, our retarded subjects evinced selective attention effects in
      posttraining tests conducted in the haptic modality. Results with nonretarded
      subjects similarly indicated that they had selectively attended to only one
      element of a conflict-compound stimulus during compound discrimination training.
      Visual transfer tests revealed that for most individuals the effects of conflict
      compound discrimination training transferred from the haptic to visual sensory
      modalities. Results were discussed in terms of selectivity of attention to
      nonredundant stimulus elements as an effective strategy for discrimination
      learning rather than a perceptual deficit.

PMID- 6829625
TI  - Tolerance for deviance: subjective evaluation of the social validity of the focus
      of treatment in mental retardation.
AB  - Staff members from an American institution, Israeli institutions, and a number of
      American group homes were asked to rate the social tolerability of 84 types of
      behavior that reflected either skill deficits or social maladaptation. There was
      considerable agreement among the three sample groups about the relative rank
      ordering of the 84 items. Physical violence and socially disgusting behavior were
      perceived as most intolerable whereas deficits in academic skills were least
      intolerable. The Israeli sample was uniformly less tolerant than either American
      sample.

PMID- 6829624
TI  - Abnormal behavior or epilepsy? Use of long-term EEG and video monitoring with
      severely to profoundly mentally retarded patients with seizures.
AB  - Prolonged electroencephalographic frequency modulated radio telemetry and video
      tape monitoring (TEEG-VR) is widely used as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of
      patients with suspected epilepsy. Use of this technique with 38 severely to
      profoundly mentally retarded patients to differentiate epileptic from
      nonepileptic behavior was reviewed. For only 2 patients was the behavior in
      question not recorded. Although all patients studied had abnormal EEGs and 90
      percent had histories of epileptic seizures, only 38 percent of the behavior in
      question recorded during TEEG-VR was epileptic seizures. Criteria used for
      nonretarded patients to differentiate epileptic seizures from nonepileptic
      behavior was not helpful for this group of patients.

PMID- 6829626
TI  - Fading on the S+, the S-, both, or neither.
AB  - Mentally retarded adults were presented with size and number discriminations
      using four stimulus conditions. In Condition 1, the S+ circles faded from large
      (Size 10) to smaller (Size 6) while the S- circles remained at Size 5 and number
      of circles varied randomly. In Condition 2, the S- squares faded in number from 1
      to 5 while the S+ squares remained at Number 6, and size varied randomly. In
      Condition 3, simultaneous fading of the S+ and S- triangles occurred on size for
      6 subjects and on number for the other 6. In Condition 4, fading did not occur on
      the S+ or S- hexagons. Each of the fading procedures (Conditions 1, 2, and 3)
      produced fewer errors on all 80 trials than did the no-fading control condition
      but did not differ significantly among themselves. These same results generally
      occurred for fading and test trials. Although fading has been used successfully
      to teach a variety of skills, systematic analyses of fading procedures clearly
      delineating component stimulus operations have been neglected.

PMID- 6829627
TI  - Cardiovascular response and complications of glucocorticoid therapy in
      hypertensive pregnancies.
AB  - Forty-seven of 52 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension completed a protocol
      consisting of 4 gm of hydrocortisone given over 24 hours (1 gm every 8 hours).
      All patients' fetuses were less than 36 weeks' gestation and had an immature
      lecithin sphingomyelin ratio (less than 2). The hydrocortisone was given to
      reduce the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. The admitting systolic
      blood pressure was 148.8 +/- 21.8 torr and diastolic was 105.6 +/- 18.9 torr.
      Blood pressure change was compared before, during, and after treatment. This
      study demonstrates no aggravating effect on maternal blood pressure even in
      severely hypertensive (blood pressure = 160/110 torr) patients.

PMID- 6829629
TI  - Neonatal deaths in Alabama, 1970-1980: an analysis of birth weight- and race
      specific neonatal mortality rates.
AB  - Alabama birth and death certificate tapes for the years 1970-1980 were linked and
      analyzed to determine race-specific birth weight and neonatal mortality rate
      distributions. Changes which occurred over time were evaluated. Our analyses
      demonstrated that there were no substantial changes in birth weight distributions
      which could account for the nearly 50% reduction in the neonatal mortality rate
      in Alabama during this period. Birth weight changes did result in a 12% decrease
      in the white neonatal mortality rate but resulted in no decrease in the nonwhite
      neonatal mortality rate. All other improvement in the neonatal mortality rate is
      attributed to better survival within birth weight groups. Eighty percent of the
      reduction in the neonatal mortality rate during this period of time occurred in
      low-birth weight infants with most of the reduction found in infants weighing
      between 1,000 and 2,000 gm. Improvements in the quality of medical care and
      better access to medical care through regionalization of perinatal services,
      especially for low-birth weight infants, are suggested as the major reasons for
      this improvement.

PMID- 6829628
TI  - Maternal cardiovascular response to caffeine infusion in the pregnant ewe.
AB  - The effect of maternal caffeine infusion on uterine blood flow and fetal
      oxygenation was studied in chronically catheterized pregnant sheep equipped with
      electromagnetic flow probes. The systemic administration of caffeine in doses of
      8 and 24 mg/kg of body weight resulted in peak maternal serum levels of 16.7 +/-
      0.9 and 38.5 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml and fetal serum levels of 10.9 +/- 0.7 and
      34.9 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. While no significant effects were noted
      at the 8 mg/kg dose, administration of 24 mg/kg was associated with a 5%
      reduction in uterine blood flow (p less than 0.05) and a 7% increase in mean
      arterial pressure (p less than 0.05). No significant alteration in maternal or
      fetal oxygenation occurred at either dose. These findings suggest that any
      adverse effects on fetal development attributed to caffeine are not likely
      exerted by influencing uterine blood flow.

PMID- 6829631
TI  - A comparison of the reliability of the estimated date of confinement predicted by
      crown-rump length and biparietal diameter.
AB  - First trimester crown-rump length (CRL) followed by a second-trimester biparietal
      diameter (BPD) were sonographically measured in 27 patients. Each value was
      independently used to prospectively predict an estimated date of confinement. The
      actual delivery date was compared with the estimated dates of confinement
      predicted by the CRL and the BPD. The mean error in predicting the actual date of
      delivery by CRL was 7.73 days as opposed to 7.65 days with the BPD. This
      difference is not statistically significant (p greater than 0.9). In both methods
      there was a greater tendency to overestimate the actual date of delivery.
      Contrary to widespread belief, the present study shows that a second-trimester
      BPD is as accurate as a first-trimester CRL in establishing an estimated date of
      confinement. Additional benefits of second-trimester scanning include the ability
      to determine placental localization, evaluate amniotic fluid volume, and exclude
      many congenital abnormalities.

PMID- 6829630
TI  - A simple estimated fetal weight equation based on real-time ultrasound
      measurements of fetuses less than thirty-four weeks' gestation.
AB  - Based on ultrasonographic mensuration, a number of equations have previously been
      devised for the purpose of estimating fetal weights. The objective of this study
      was to develop a mathematical equation that is simple, accurate, and easy to use
      when applied to preterm or low-birth weight fetuses (less than 2,500 gm). Real
      time ultrasound measurements of fetal biparietal diameters (BPDs) and abdominal
      circumferences (ACs) were obtained in 62 pregnant women within one week of
      premature delivery. Mean gestational age and mean birth weight +/- SD for this
      study group of neonates were 28.5 +/- 3.5 weeks and 1,135 +/- 343 gm,
      respectively. With the aid of computer analysis, a simple regression equation was
      derived: EFW = (BPD x AC x 9.337) - 229. When predicted estimated fetal weight
      (EFW) was compared with actual birth weight (ABW), multiple regression analysis
      demonstrated a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.957. Preliminary results on 19
      patients of a prospective study showed an absolute mean difference between the
      computed EFWs and the ABWs to be within 7.0% of ABW (70 gm/kg of ABW). The
      standard deviation of the difference was 9.3% of ABW (93 gm/kg of ABW). Based on
      these data, this simple equation appears to be clinically reliable and easy to
      use when estimating weights of preterm or low-birth weight fetuses of less than
      2,500 gm.

PMID- 6829632
TI  - Short-term variability assessment from abdominal electrocardiogram during the
      antepartum period.
AB  - One hundred eighty-eight patients undergoing antepartum fetal heart rate (FHR)
      monitoring with abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) technique were studied
      with respect to FHR variability derived from fetal R-R intervals. Statistically
      significant positive correlation existed between various measures of FHR
      variability and accelerations per minute (p less than 0.01). Insufficient numbers
      of positive contraction stress tests (CST) were available to establish a
      relationship with variability, although a trend existed between positive CST and
      low variability. Postdate pregnancies had significantly higher variability than
      nonpostdate pregnancies (p less than .05). This mathematical analysis establishes
      statistical significance between short-term variability and accelerations per
      minute and application of this technique for assessment of true variability in
      antepartum testing is possible.

PMID- 6829633
TI  - Estimates of birth prevalence rates of spina bifida in the United States from
      computer-generated maps.
AB  - A computer-generated mapping procedure was developed to estimate geographic and
      race-specific birth prevalence rates of open spina bifida. The estimates are
      based on birth certificate data adjusted for underascertainment. Separate maps
      were produced for white births and black births. For both races there is a
      general decreasing rate of spina bifida from east to west. The highest rates are
      eight per 10,000 total births for whites in Southern Appalachia, and the lowest
      rates are less than one per 10,000 for blacks in the Rocky Mountain states and
      the Pacific Northwest. Until more exact data are available, these maps represent
      the best current available data on racial and geographic birth prevalence rates
      in the United States. They are useful for program planning and as an aid in
      interpreting maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels to detect neural tube
      defects.

PMID- 6829635
TI  - External physical stimulation of the human fetus during episodes of low heart
      rate variation.
AB  - The effect of shaking the fetus through the maternal abdomen during episodes of
      low (nonreactive) fetal heart rate variation was studied in 10 healthy
      nulliparous women near term. Heart rate monitoring from an abdominal
      electrocardiogram was combined with real-time scanning for body movements and
      fetal breathing. In each fetus two episodes of low variation were examined, one
      during which external stimulation was performed and one as a control without
      stimulation. There were no differences between the groups, with or without
      stimulation, in the duration of the nonreactive trace or heart rate variation or
      in the incidence of breathing or body movements. Therefore, shaking the fetus
      during a nonreactive heart rate episode has no useful purpose. The results are
      comprehensible in the light of fetal and neonatal behavioral states.

PMID- 6829636
TI  - Natural history of hydatidiform mole after primary evacuation.
AB  - From 1962 to 1978, 738 patients with hydatidiform mole were referred to the John
      I. Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center of Northwestern University for follow-up
      and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing after evacuation. There was
      spontaneous regression of trophoblastic disease in 596 (80.8%) of the 738
      patients. Of these 596 patients, regression occurred in 11 (1.8%) by day 10 after
      evacuation, in 124 (20.8%) between days 11 and 30, in 255 (42.8%) between days 31
      and 60, and in 206 (34.6%) between days 61 and 170. Treatment with
      chemotherapeutic agents was required in 142 (19.2%) of the 738 patients; 125
      (16.9%) of these had invasive mole (107 nonmetastatic and 18 metastatic) and 17
      (2.3%) had choriocarcinoma (13 nonmetastatic and four metastatic). All 596
      patients whose hCG titers declined spontaneously to normal levels have remained
      well and free of disease. All 142 treated patients experienced permanent
      remission. Thus, all 738 patients are well and free of disease 4 to 18 years
      after evacuation of the hydatidiform mole. The follow-up regimen described in
      this report furnishes information on natural history of molar pregnancies after
      evacuation and provides an excellent means by which all patients can be safely
      managed following termination of a hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 6829634
TI  - The ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight in the very low-birth weight
      infant.

PMID- 6829637
TI  - Actinomycosis infection associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears from 478 women with intrauterine
      contraceptive devices (IUDs) in place were reviewed for the presence of
      Actinomyces colonies. The overall infection rate was 12.6%. Plastic IUDs had a
      significantly higher infection rate than that of Copper 7 IUDs. The infection
      rate was found to increase with the duration of use of IUDs. The presence or
      absence of Actinomyces was not related to age, race, parity, previous abortions,
      or financial status of the patients.

PMID- 6829638
TI  - Sexual infantilism accompanied by congenital absence of the uterus and vagina:
      case report.

PMID- 6829639
TI  - Clustering of conjoined twins in Jerusalem, Israel: an epidemiologic survey.

PMID- 6829640
TI  - The influence of the moon on deliveries.

PMID- 6829641
TI  - Plexiform or sex cord tumors resembling tumors of the uterus.

PMID- 6829642
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity related to prolonged metronidazole therapy.

PMID- 6829643
TI  - Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase as a marker in prenatal diagnosis of
      esophageal atresia.

PMID- 6829644
TI  - Fetal size in early pregnancy and congenital malformation.

PMID- 6829645
TI  - Abortion and informed consent.

PMID- 6829646
TI  - Complications of tubal sterilization: menstrual abnormalities and fibrocystic
      breast disease.

PMID- 6829647
TI  - Cimetidine and the epigastric pain of preeclampsia.

PMID- 6829648
TI  - In caul delivery of the very premature infant.

PMID- 6829650
TI  - Sex hormones and non-genital organ birth defects.

PMID- 6829649
TI  - Fluoride tablet supplementation during pregnancy for caries immunity: a study of
      the offspring produced.

PMID- 6829651
TI  - Solving the problem of cervical dystocia and prolonged labor.

PMID- 6829652
TI  - Fundal contour of the uterine cavity in the new syndrome of minor mullerian
      anomalies and oligomenorrhea. A prospective controlled study.
AB  - A prospective, controlled, and blinded study was instituted (1) to demonstrate
      the relationship found previously between mild mullerian anomalies and
      oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in another population of infertile or low-fertility
      women, (2) to substantiate and define the degree of uterine anomaly in patients
      with this new syndrome, and (3) to demonstrate that fundal anomalies in the
      patients are not secondary to mechanical trauma. Twenty consecutive patients with
      oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, 44 consecutive infertility patients, and 19
      patients who underwent hysterosalpingography (HSG) for other reasons made up the
      study group. A mild uterine developmental anomaly was demonstrated on revision of
      the HSG films in 50% of the patients with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea as
      compared with (1) 25% of the infertility patients with normal menstrual intervals
      (p less than 0.05) and (2) none of the patients who underwent HSG for other
      reasons (p less than 0.025). The height (H) of the fundal excavation was less
      than 10% of the line (L) connecting the peaks of the uterine horns (H/L ratio) on
      all hysterosalpingograms, which gave rise to doubt whether the uterine contour
      was normal or abnormal. This applied to five patients with normal whether the
      uterine contour was normal or abnormal. This applied to five patients with mild
      mullerian anomalies, the H/L ratio was greater than 0.100 and the mean values for
      patients with oligomenorrhea and normal intervals were 0.187 and 0.165,
      respectively (p greater than 0.05). On this basis, it is suggested that the limit
      between abnormal and normal contour at HSG should perhaps be fixed at an H/L
      ratio of 0.100. There was no finding in the present study to indicate that the
      uterine anomalies were secondary to previous curettage, therapeutic abortion,
      operations on the uterus, or pelvic inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6829653
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and headaches.
AB  - We investigated the frequency of headaches in women with menstrual abnormalities
      and hyperprolactinemia. Twenty-seven of 46 (58%) women with hyperprolactinemia
      indicated that headache episodes occur once or more per week; patients with
      sellar abnormalities (macroadenoma) or previous cranial or pituitary operation
      were excluded from this group of hyperprolactinemic patients. The headache
      episodes occurred significantly more frequently than in the control group (N =
      56), where 27% indicated one or more headaches per week (p less than 0.01). In
      the vast majority of the women with hyperprolactinemia, headaches had preceded
      the finding of elevated prolactin levels for years and had not developed after
      the patients had become concerned about the pituitary gland. The clinical
      impression was that the headaches of these patients typically lack features of
      prodromal signs and unilaterality and resemble, in general, tension headaches;
      they may last for hours and often require medication. We could not demonstrate a
      relationship between prolactin levels and frequency or severity of these headache
      episodes. The etiology of these headaches is unclear. The therapeutic effect of
      bromocriptine deserves further investigation. In conclusion, we present data to
      suggest that headaches are commonly an associated finding in hyperprolactinemic
      women who have no evidence of significant pituitary enlargement.

PMID- 6829654
TI  - Prolactin production during in vitro decidualization of proliferative
      endometrium.
AB  - Decidua obtained in the late luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle has been
      shown to produce immunoreactive prolactin (PRL). The amount of PRL produced is a
      function of the extent of decidual differentiation. Further, the maintenance of
      decidualization and PRL production in specimens of late luteal phase in explant
      culture is dependent on the presence of progesterone (P). To further examine P's
      effect on decidualization, PRL production was monitored during P-induced
      decidualization of proliferative endometrium in vitro. Samples of proliferative
      endometrium obtained from six hysterectomy specimens were cultured in Dulbecco's
      modified Eagle medium in the presence of no hormones, 200 pg/ml estradiol (E2) 20
      ng/ml P, and 20 ng/ml P with 200 pg/ml E2. It was found that P alone or with E2
      caused PRL production and histologic decidualization. However, E2 slowed the
      histologic progression of P-induced decidualization on days 2 and 4 and decreased
      the rate of PRL production (p less than 0.01) on days 6, 8, and 10 of culture.
      These data indicate that P alone is capable of inducing decidualization and
      initiating PRL production. Further, E2 can modify the rate and/or extent of this
      P-mediated phenomenon.

PMID- 6829655
TI  - Term decidua response to estradiol and progesterone.
AB  - Immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) is produced from decidualized endometrium from the
      late luteal phase until the time of delivery. The induction of decidualization
      and the initiation of PRL production in the proliferative endometrium is
      dependent on progesterone (P) in vitro. This induction process is slowed by
      estradiol (E2). To determine whether this hormone dependency extends to term,
      decidua from labor and nonlabor term pregnancies was cultured in explant for
      response to P (100 ng/ml) and E2 (10 ng/ml) as evidenced by PRL production. On
      the first (n = 7) and eighth to ninth (n = 9) days of explant culture in nonlabor
      patients, P exposure resulted in significantly (p less than 0.01) more PRL
      production than in nonhormonal controls, and this increase was not inhibited by
      E2 at either time interval. In labor-exposed decidua, no significant response was
      noted to either P or E2 over 24 hours of culture. In all groups, tissue
      variability in PRL production was extensive. In nonlabor decidua, a significant
      interaction between basal PRL production and response to progesterone was noted
      (p less than 0.01). The role of P as an initiator and stimulator of PRL
      production extends to term; however, no clear effect of E2 is demonstrated. In
      labor-exposed decidua, this P response is eliminated. Whether this is a result
      of, or occurs prior to, labor is undetermined.

PMID- 6829656
TI  - A prospective, controlled study of maternal and perinatal outcome after intra
      amniotic infection at term.
AB  - A study was made of the outcome for mothers and their neonates with both clinical
      and bacteriologic evidence of intra-amniotic infection at term. Samples of
      amniotic fluid from patients with intra-amniotic infection showed greater than
      10(2) colony-forming units per milliliter of a high-virulence isolate, whereas
      samples from control patients showed no growth or low-virulence isolates only.
      Control patients were uninfected during labor and were matched on the basis of
      gestational age, interval from rupture of membranes to delivery, and mode of
      delivery. There were 67 matched pairs. The mean interval from diagnosis of intra
      amniotic infection to delivery was 3.1 +/- 2.2 hours (+/- SD). Mothers with intra
      amniotic infection had a significantly longer hospital stay and greater fever
      index after delivery than did control patients. Intrapartum bacteremia was
      documented in six of 50 (12%) women with intra-amniotic infection. The cesarean
      birth rate was 36%. There was one case of probable septic shock and one of
      postpartum hemorrhage among women with intra-amniotic infection. Infants in the
      intra-amniotic infection group had a significantly longer hospital stay than did
      the control infants. Among 59 infants for whom blood culture results were
      available, bacteremia was documented in five (8%) with intra-amniotic infection.
      Definite radiographic evidence of pneumonia was present in 4%; there were no
      cases of meningitis. There was one perinatal death in the intra-amniotic
      infection group. Overall, the maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic
      infection at term was excellent.

PMID- 6829657
TI  - Maternal and fetal responses to a maternal aerobic exercise program.
AB  - To investigate the effects of exercise on the pregnant woman and her fetus, 20
      pregnant women were studied during the second and third trimesters. Twelve of the
      women participated in an aerobic exercise program while eight women did not
      perform any regular exercise and served as a control group. On the basis of
      submaximal exercise test results, an 18% improvement and a 4% decline in absolute
      aerobic capacity (liters of oxygen per minute) were observed in the exercise and
      control groups, respectively. Functional aerobic capacity (milliliters of oxygen
      per kilogram per minute) rose 8% in the exercise group and declined 10% in the
      control group. A small but significant rise in fetal heart rate was measured
      during the exercise sessions. A comparison of pregnancy outcome of the two groups
      showed no differences in labor duration, Apgar scores, or fetal growth.

PMID- 6829658
TI  - Mitral valvotomy in pregnancy.
AB  - Our experience over an 8-year period with 42 pregnant women with mitral stenosis
      who underwent valvotomy formed the basis of this study. Striking clinical
      disability was the indication for operation. Closed transventricular valvotomy
      offered excellent low-risk palliation. Pregnancy per se did not increase the
      operative risk. The long-term results of mitral valvotomy in pregnant women were
      the same as those of operations carried out in nonpregnant women. Mitral
      valvotomy done during pregnancy has no untoward effect on the fetus.

PMID- 6829659
TI  - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on thymidine kinase activity in the immature
      rat uterus.
AB  - The effects of progesterone and/or 17 beta-estradiol on thymidine kinase activity
      and autoradiograms were investigated in immature rats. Thymidine kinase activity
      increased more than thirtyfold above the control level 30 hours after 17 beta
      estradiol injection. The enzyme activity induced by 17 beta-estradiol was
      suppressed by progesterone, the dose of which was approximately 1,000-fold that
      of 17 beta-estradiol. The specific thymidine kinase isozyme, which was separated
      from 17 beta-estradiol-induced uterine thymidine kinase by diethylaminoethyl
      (DEAE) cellulose column chromatography and not affected by deoxycytidine
      triphosphate, was involved in the DNA replication and inhibited by progesterone.
      The autoradiogram revealed many grains due to 3H-thymidine in the endometrial
      epithelium, stroma, and the myometrium in the immature rat 30 hours after 17 beta
      estradiol injection, whereas progesterone reduced remarkably the number of grains
      induced by 17 beta-estradiol in the epithelium. Progesterone seems to inhibit the
      increment of the specific thymidine kinase isozyme induced by 17 beta-estradiol
      in the endometrial epithelium.

PMID- 6829662
TI  - Detection of intrauterine growth retardation: a new use for sonographic placental
      grading.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major source of perinatal death and
      long-term neurobehavioral morbidity, but its diagnosis antenatally remains
      difficult. Advanced placental maturity (Grade III), as determined on ultrasound
      examination, has previously been reported to be a marker of term gestation. In
      this study of 109 pregnancies which resulted in the birth of infants weighing
      less than or equal to 2,700 gm, the hypothesis that a Grade III placenta,
      according to Grannum's classification, can differentiate small-for-gestational
      age (SGA) infants from small non-SGA infants was tested. Of the study patients,
      44 had Grade III placentas and 65 had non-Grade III (0, I, II) placentas within 1
      week of delivery. The presence of a Grade III placenta was followed by the
      delivery of a SGA infant 59% of the time, and 62% of the SGA infants could be
      correctly identified (p less than 0.001). The association of a Grade III placenta
      and SGA birth was maintained in patients at less than or equal to 34 weeks of
      gestation--Grade III placenta was significantly related to the delivery of SGA
      infants with a true positive rate of 62% and a sensitivity of 66% (p less than
      0.008). These results were consistent with the concept that for small fetuses
      documentation of "maturity" can be used to discriminate those with IUGR from
      those without this problem. Furthermore, placental "maturation," as detected
      sonographically, appears to be accelerated in association with IUGR, consistent
      with the anatomic concept of premature placental senescence. Thus, in situations
      in which the fetus is known to be small, sonographic grading of the placenta may
      be helpful in detecting IUGR.

PMID- 6829661
TI  - The effect of estrogen antagonism on progesterone production in early pregnancy
      in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus).
AB  - These studies were designed to investigate the role of estrogen on progesterone
      production in early pregnancy in the baboon, when the contribution of the corpus
      luteum and placenta has not been established. Oral administration of the estrogen
      antagonist MER-25 at two dosage levels (15 and 30 mg/kg/day) to the pregnant
      baboon from days 35 to 55 after conception results in a decline in peripheral
      plasma levels of progesterone within a few days and persists for at least 20 days
      after the termination of treatment with no effect on plasma estradiol levels. The
      same study was done with the use of a different estrogen antagonist, trioxifene
      mesylate (5 mg/kg/day), and there was no effect on plasma progesterone, although
      a transient depression in plasma estradiol was evident. These actions may be due
      to an inherent estrogenicity of trioxifene. In preliminary studies an effect of
      these estrogen antagonists on placental size and morphology has been observed.
      Estrogen deprivation in early pregnancy of the baboon results in a depression in
      plasma progesterone and indicates a placental requirement for estrogen in
      progesterone product at this stage of pregnancy.

PMID- 6829660
TI  - Comparison of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy over a six-year
      interval.
AB  - Changes in the drinking and smoking habits of pregnant women in Seattle,
      Washington, were examined in the 6-year period that followed the first American
      announcement of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Between 1974/1975 and 1980/1981, the
      number of women who reported any alcohol use around the time of the first
      prenatal visit dropped from 81% to 42%, whereas the number of smokers dropped
      from 25% to 22%; binge and heavier drinking also declined. However, among
      drinkers, there was no decrease in the proportion of women who reported heavier
      drinking. Although the proportion of women who drink during pregnancy has
      decreased in the past 6 years, the relative constancy in the proportion of
      "heavier" drinkers and binge drinkers, particularly around the time of
      conception, suggests the need for more attention to this important period of
      gestation in advice to women who are planning a pregnancy. Possible reasons for
      such changes in this particular community are discussed.

PMID- 6829663
TI  - Maturational sequence of the visual system: serial measurements of visual evoked
      potential and electroretinogram in the healthy neonatal lamb.
AB  - The value of measurements of visual evoked potential (VEP) for neurological
      assessment of the adult is widely accepted. Its use for neonatal evaluation
      following birth asphyxia has been limited by our knowledge of developmental
      changes occurring in the newborn brain. VEPs and electroretinograms (ERGs) were
      simultaneously recorded from five healthy newborn lambs from birth until 30 days
      of life. Newborn age was then compared with amplitude (height of the signal) and
      latency (time from stimulus to a specific wave deflection) measurements from
      these neuroelectrical signals. Latencies to A wave (photoreceptor activity) and B
      wave (bipolar and ganglion cells) of the ERG declined in a small but significant
      manner, while the latency interval from A to B wave did not change with age.
      Latency to wave N1 of the VEP remained stable while latency to P2 declined from
      birth to 30 days. The ERG and VEP signals exhibited linear increases in amplitude
      as the lambs became older. We conclude from these observations that ganglion and
      bipolar cells (B wave of the ERG) within the retina and primary nerve tracts (N1
      of the VEP) along the visual system are mature at birth. In contrast,
      photoreceptor activity within the retina (A wave of the ERG) and nerve conduction
      through the visual cortex (P2 of the VEP) exhibit changes which are consistent
      with ongoing maturation of these more specialized areas through the early newborn
      period.

PMID- 6829667
TI  - Pain from bone metastases as the admitting complaint in cervical cancer.

PMID- 6829666
TI  - Carcinoid tumor and pregnancy.

PMID- 6829664
TI  - Generation of angiotensin I by human chorion-decidua in vitro.
AB  - An angiotensin I-like substance has been detected in media after incubation of
      human chorion-decidua in vitro. The substance was identified as angiotensin I by
      gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and a specific antiserum to
      angiotensin I. The presence of angiotensin I in these incubates indicates that
      renin substrate may be either stored or synthesized by the tissue. The levels of
      angiotensin I produced during incubation were greater than could be explained by
      the action of renin on plasma substrate since the major part of the chorion
      decidua is avascular. Previously chorion-decidua has been shown to contain large
      amounts of renin and to be capable of synthesizing both active and inactive forms
      of the enzyme in vitro; however, renin substrate has not been described in this
      tissue.

PMID- 6829665
TI  - Generation of angiotensin I by tissues of the human female genital tract.
AB  - Tissues from the fetoplacental unit were incubated in medium E 199 at 0 degrees C
      and following removal of the tissue were incubated at 37 degrees C. Compared to
      control tissues held at 0 degrees C, large quantities of angiotensin I, measured
      by means of specific radioimmunoassay, were detected in the media from both
      amnion and chorion-decidua while only small amounts were found in the media from
      placenta and umbilical cord. Following prior incubation with antirenin, the
      generation of angiotensin I was abolished in all tissues. These results indicate
      that both renin and its substrate are released into the media during incubation
      at 0 degrees C and suggest the existence of a locally functioning renin
      angiotensin system in certain tissues of the human female genital tract.

PMID- 6829668
TI  - Previous cesarean section, placenta increta, and uterine rupture in second
      trimester abortion.

PMID- 6829669
TI  - Carcinoma of the bladder in pregnancy.

PMID- 6829670
TI  - Calcific salpingitis associated with intrauterine pregnancy.

PMID- 6829671
TI  - Oral contraceptives and postoperative venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6829672
TI  - Use of control groups in study of pregnant drug-addicted women.

PMID- 6829673
TI  - Immediate intraocular pressure response to argon laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - We conducted a randomized, double-masked study of 40 patients with open-angle
      glaucoma to ascertain the immediate intraocular pressure response after treatment
      of either one half (180 degrees) or the entire (360 degrees) trabecular meshwork
      by argon laser trabeculoplasty. We found a statistically significant difference
      in the magnitude of intraocular pressure changes between the two groups (P less
      than .02), with those patients receiving fewer burns having a smaller increase.
      Substantial increases in intraocular pressure were observed in five of the 20
      patients in whom the entire trabecular meshwork was treated. One of these
      patients had marked loss of visual field within 24 hours.

PMID- 6829675
TI  - Reopening blocked trabeculectomy sites with the YAG laser.
AB  - After unsuccessful attempts to reduce the intraocular pressure of a 70-year-old
      man with advanced open-angle glaucoma by drugs, trabeculoplasty, and
      trabeculectomy, we used a mode-locked, pulsed picosecond neodymium YAG laser to
      cut away an opaque nonpigmented membrane that had occluded the trabeculectomy
      site. The intraocular pressure decreased immediately from 18 mm Hg to 5 mm Hg and
      a diffuse conjunctival bleb formed. One month later, the intraocular pressure was
      11 mm Hg and the bleb was still present.

PMID- 6829674
TI  - Influence of the number of laser burns administered on the early results of argon
      laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-masked study to examine the
      influence of the number of burns administered on intraocular pressure after argon
      laser trabeculoplasty. Each of 40 patients with open-angle glaucoma had 50 burns
      placed over one half the trabecular meshwork (Group 1, 20 patients) or 100 burns
      placed over the entire trabecular meshwork (Group 2, 20 patients). There was no
      significant difference between the mean intraocular pressure decreases in Group 1
      (-9.20 +/- 6.43 mm Hg) and Group 2 (-6.95 +/- 5.74 mm Hg) after two months (P
      less than .25). In each group, the intraocular pressure was lowest after two
      months in those patients in whom it was not increased during the immediate
      postoperative period (Group 1, P less than .006; Group 2, P less than .07).
      Because the changes in intraocular pressure were statistically similar in the two
      groups and because patients receiving only 50 burns may have fewer complications,
      administering 50 laser burns to one half the trabecular meshwork appears to be
      the better choice for an initial procedure.

PMID- 6829676
TI  - A clinicopathologic study of optic neuropathies associated with intracranial mass
      lesions with quantification of remaining axons.
AB  - We examined three patients with intracranial mass lesions that damaged the
      anterior visual pathway and studied this damage histologically after the patients
      died. Estimation of the number of surviving axons in the six optic nerves
      generally showed the greatest atrophy to be in the temporal sector in cross
      sections immediately behind the globe. More posterior to the globe, atrophy
      appeared greatest in the center of several nerves. This pattern of damage may
      result from particular vulnerability of macular axons to damage along the
      anterior visual pathway. Optic disk pallor was present in two eyes that had less
      than 40% of the normal number of axons remaining, while one optic disk appeared
      to be normal with 70% of the axons intact. Afferent pupillary defects were
      observed in two patients who had two to three times as many remaining axons in
      the contralateral optic nerve as in the nerve on the side of the defect.

PMID- 6829677
TI  - The visual-evoked potential in tobacco-alcohol and nutritional amblyopia.
AB  - Twelve subjects, nine with tobacco-alcohol amblyopia and three with nutritional
      amblyopia, were studied with pattern and flash visual-evoked potentials. We found
      abnormal steady-state responses in all 12 patients, including those with minor
      visual abnormalities, when the contrast of the stimulus was decreased. The
      latency of the first major positive wave (P100) of the flash- or pattern-evoked
      potential was not delayed in 11 of the 12 patients. The normal P100 latencies
      differed from the prolonged latencies found in other patients with loss of
      central nervous system myelin caused by vitamin B12 deficiency or multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 6829680
TI  - Treatment of corneal xerophthalmia with topical retinoic acid.
AB  - Retinoic acid 0.1% in arachis oil was applied to one eye and arachis oil alone to
      the other eye, of each of 19 patients with equivalent degrees of corneal
      xerophthalmia in the fellow eyes. Even with concomitant systemic vitamin A
      therapy, topical retinoic acid was associated with more rapid healing of corneal
      lesions in a substantial proportion of cases. Application of retinoic acid three
      times a day produced no significant side effects; application five times a day,
      however, resulted in moderate to severe conjunctival injection and increased
      corneal vascularization and scarring.

PMID- 6829678
TI  - Succinyldicholine and the basic ocular deviation.
AB  - We measured the ocular positions of conscious and anesthetized subjects from
      photographs. We obtained the conscious basic horizontal deviation by using the
      cover-uncover test. Intravenously administered succinyldicholine chloride, 2
      mg/kg of body weight, returned the eyes of 15 anesthetized volunteers to
      positions that agreed well with those of their conscious horizontal basic
      deviations in the primary position. The mean ratio (+/- S.E.) calculated by
      dividing the horizontal interlimbal distance 90 seconds after drug injection by
      that of the same subject's horizontal interlimbal conscious basic deviation was
      0.99 +/- 0.01. This result supported the theory that the multiply innervated (en
      grappe) extraocular muscle fibers were responsible for the basic deviation.
      Macaca nemestrina monkeys and baboons proved to be unsuitable primate models for
      the human succinyldicholine response. In humans, the drug-induced ocular position
      was often vertically above or below the primary position. The associated
      horizontal deviation appeared to follow the physiologic V pattern, being more
      divergent if the eyes were rotated up and more convergent if the eyes were
      rotated down. In one third of the subjects this vertical deviation resulted in
      drug-induced horizontal interlimbal distances that disagreed by more than 5% with
      those of the conscious basic deviation in the primary position. This effect makes
      succinyldicholine of little value for making quantitative estimates of the amount
      of ocular muscle surgery to be performed during strabismus correction procedures.
      We injected succinyldicholine at the conclusion of strabismus surgery in eight
      subjects to determine if the drug-induced ocular positions would predict the
      postoperative results. The muscles operated on responded as though temporarily
      paretic. The drug-induced ocular positions bore no resemblance to the
      postoperative results.

PMID- 6829679
TI  - Increase in orbital volume obtained by decompression in dried skulls.
AB  - We totally or partially removed the medial wall, floor, lateral wall, or a
      combination of the three, in four orbits and measured the increased orbital
      volume that results from the more common orbital decompression techniques.
      Removal of medial wall alone added 6 cc of volume to the orbit. Removing the
      floor of the orbit while preserving bone lateral to the infraorbital groove added
      7 cc of volume. Removing the lateral floor added 1 cc and removing the lateral
      wall added 2 cc. Effective lateral decompression, therefore, requires creation of
      space within the temporal fossa. Removing the wall and the medial floor together
      added 13 and 14 cc of volume in two separate skulls. The largest volume gained by
      orbital decompression was 15 cc. This occurred when the entire orbital floor and
      medial wall were removed. Little volume is lost, however, when the lateral floor
      is preserved.

PMID- 6829681
TI  - Healing of experimental corneal wounds treated with topically applied retinoids.
AB  - We treated experimental corneal epithelial wounds in rabbits with topical
      retinoids. Treatment with 0.1% all-trans-retinoic acid three times per day
      resulted in a 21% increase in the healing rate compared to the control eyes.
      Treatment five times a day resulted in a 35% increase in healing rate. Treatment
      with topical retinoic acid also promoted corneal deturgescence. Retinyl
      palmitate, retinyl acetate, retinol, and 13-cis-retinoic acid had no effect on
      corneal wound healing. These data suggested that topically applied all-trans
      retinoic acid may be effective in promoting corneal healing after surgery and in
      the treatment of persistent and recurring corneal epithelial defects.

PMID- 6829682
TI  - Management of intraepithelial conjunctival tumors and squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - We compared the effects of excision, extensive freezing with a liquid nitrogen
      spray, and combined therapy with excision and superficial freezing with a liquid
      nitrogen probe on intraepithelial conjunctival tumors. After follow-up periods of
      at least 36 months, excision and extensive freezing produced recurrence rates
      similar to those previously reported (two of six lesions treated with excision
      alone recurred and three of nine treated with extensive freezing recurred), but
      excision combined with superficial freezing produced a recurrence rate of only 8%
      (two of 23 lesions recurred), almost three times better than any previously
      reported. Both lesions recurred in patients who had undergone previous therapy.

PMID- 6829683
TI  - Ocular clinicopathologic correlation of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome with
      acanthocytosis and pigmentary retinopathy.
AB  - We studied the eyes of a 10-year-old girl with retinal degeneration,
      acanthocytosis, and normal betalipoprotein levels. The ophthalmoscopic pattern
      was characterized initially by a flecked retina and later by bone-spicule
      formation and "bull's-eye" annular maculopathy. On ultrastructural study, the
      retinal pigment epithelium varied in size and contained large, round single
      membrane-bound aggregates composed of complex melanolipofuscin granules. Cells
      that had migrated into the outer retinal layers contained similar
      melanolipofuscin aggregates; these cells were identified as macrophages and
      correlated with the flecks and macular annulus seen on ophthalmoscopy. The cells
      around the retinal blood vessels contained normal melanin pigment, were
      identified as retinal pigment epithelial cells, and correlated with the bone
      spicule pigmentation found on ophthalmoscopic examination.

PMID- 6829684
TI  - Nine cases of cavernous hemangioma of the retina.
AB  - The findings in nine patients with cavernous hemangioma of the retina confirmed
      the accepted characteristics of this malformation. Clusters of dark-red saccular
      aneurysms within the inner retinal layers were partly covered by a white
      epiretinal membrane. There was no clinical or angiographic evidence of exudation
      from the angioma and there was no growth during a median follow-up period of 6.3
      years. The size of the aneurysms, the extent of the lesion, and the associated
      venous malformations varied greatly from case to case. Fluorescein angiographic
      findings during follow-up periods of as much as 16 years suggested progressive
      thrombosis and organization of the angioma.

PMID- 6829685
TI  - Obliteration of anterior chamber caused by medium-sized choroidal malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 6829687
TI  - Oxalosis.

PMID- 6829686
TI  - Pupil-sparing third nerve palsies caused by aneurysm.

PMID- 6829689
TI  - Synchronism of reverse ocular bobbing and blinking.

PMID- 6829690
TI  - Swollen ciliary processes as an initial symptom in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

PMID- 6829692
TI  - Endodiathermy for retinal detachment with macular hole.

PMID- 6829691
TI  - Caution advised when managing diabetic retinopathy by continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion.

PMID- 6829688
TI  - Microphthalmia and arachnoidal brain cyst.

PMID- 6829694
TI  - The Academy and the future: introduction--a tradition at risk.

PMID- 6829693
TI  - Analysis of tonic and accommodative vergence disorders of binocular vision.
AB  - Tonic and accommodative vergence disorders of binocular vision are analyzed with
      separate methods. The center of symmetry and the associated phoria of forced
      duction fixation disparity curves are two criteria used for prismatic correction
      of tonic vergence disorders. The associated phoria is corrected physiologically
      when patients who have tonic disorders are able to develop prism adaptation with
      orthoptic exercises. Graphical methods are used to analyze accommodative
      disorders resulting from mutual interactions between accommodation and
      convergence. Graphic analysis illustrates that patients with high AC/A ratios
      have greater demands upon fusional divergence than other patients with similar
      ocular deviations who have normal or low AC/A ratios. Prism adaptation, which has
      no direct influence upon the open-loop accommodative response, replaces
      corrective fusional vergence innervation and thereby eliminates the main stimulus
      to convergence accommodation and its exaggeration of accommodative convergence.
      Because prism adaptation has a response time of 15 to 30 sec, abnormal
      accommodative convergence interactions exaggerated by convergence accommodation
      can be transient in patients with normal prism adaptation. Accommodative
      convergence disorders in patients who lack prism adaptation are classified as
      sustained. Orthoptic exercises which develop fast fusional vergence are
      recommended for the transient disorders and additional exercises to develop prism
      adaptation are recommended for the sustained disorders of accommodative vergence
      interactions.

PMID- 6829695
TI  - The Academy and professionalism.

PMID- 6829696
TI  - The Academy and competence.

PMID- 6829697
TI  - The Academy and research.

PMID- 6829698
TI  - Long-term stability of the dark focus of accommodation.
AB  - For 1 year we monitored the stability of the accommodative state assumed in
      darkness (the dark focus) of five subjects. Our results are similar to previously
      reported individual mean values. The magnitude and pattern of the variability in
      the dark-focus also demonstrate individual differences. Despite this individual
      variability, all five subjects oscillated around a stable mean dark-focus value
      throughout their respective measurement periods. This study indicates the
      feasibility of using the dark-focus as a basis for correcting the anomalous
      myopias, in particular night and empty-field myopia.

PMID- 6829699
TI  - Analysis of seven methods of measuring the angle of deviation.
AB  - The correlations between seven methods of measuring the angle of deviation were
      assessed in two groups of subjects. Group 1 consisted of 343 subjects with normal
      binocular vision. Group 2 was made up of 18 subjects with strabismus. The
      correlation coefficients (r) between various testing procedures varied
      significantly in the two groups. Group 1 could be separated into three levels of
      correlation and group 2 could be separated into two levels of correlation based
      on the 95% confidence limits of the correlation coefficients. Significant
      differences also could be demonstrated in the average measured values of the
      angle of deviation of group 1, while the second group was indistinguishable at
      the 5% significance level using a one-way analysis of variance procedure. These
      data are briefly discussed in light of their clinical implications.

PMID- 6829700
TI  - Unused capacity of optometric and ophthalmological practices.
AB  - The extent of unused capacity to provide eyecare services appears to be related
      to the age of the practitioner, the number of patient services provided per week,
      and the waiting period for an appointment. Total estimated and computed potential
      capacities are reported.

PMID- 6829701
TI  - Pachometry: a comparison between touch and overlap measurement method.
AB  - Twelve human eyes had central corneal thickness measurements made by two
      investigators with the Haag-Streit 900 slitlamp and standard pachometer. Two
      endpoint methods were used for the final corneal thickness measurement setting in
      the microscope viewing eyepiece. The two methods used were (1) a touching of the
      epithelium/endothelium corneal split images and (2) an overlapping of the split
      images. Although final thickness measurements of the two investigators were
      similar, the results reveal a statistically significant difference for the two
      measurement methods.

PMID- 6829702
TI  - An examination of refractive error through computer simulation.
AB  - Computer simulation is used to investigate the distribution of refractive error,
      generating two models based on corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens power,
      and axial length for several samples (N = 1000). Discrepancies between simulated
      and observed data indicate that emmetropization is a more complex process than is
      accounted for by intercorrelations among components.

PMID- 6829703
TI  - Designing a bioptic-contact lens telescopic system.
AB  - The authors have designed and successfully fitted a combined Bioptic-contact lens
      telescopic system which provides more magnification than current contact lens
      telescopes.

PMID- 6829704
TI  - A simple continuously recording infrared optometer.
AB  - The design of a continuously recording infrared optometer for measuring dynamic
      changes in ocular accommodation is described. The optometer operates on the
      Scheiner principle, provides a good signal-to-noise ratio, and has several
      practical advantages over other optometers described in vision literature. It is
      primarily designed for use in animal experimentation but can be used for humans
      if eye and pupil movements are controlled. The design of a schematic eye for
      assessing the dynamic response of the optometer is also presented. Several
      methods of calibrating the optometer in absolute units are discussed.

PMID- 6829705
TI  - In vitro suppression of myelopoiesis by adherent murine splenocytes in
      experimental disseminated histoplasmosis.
AB  - Supernatant culture media obtained from adherent spleen cell preparations of mice
      experimentally infected with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells suppressed in
      vitro growth of human myeloid cells. This suppression was significantly greater
      than that obtained when splenocytes from normal mice or those inoculated with
      killed yeast cells were used. The use of indomethacin partially blocked this
      suppressive effect. A direct relationship was observed between the levels of
      prostaglandin E (PGE) per 10(6) adherent cells in the splenocyte preparations and
      the degree of in vitro myelosuppression. These findings suggest a possible
      mechanism for the leukopenia frequently observed in disseminated histoplasmosis.

PMID- 6829706
TI  - Comparative histopathology of lesions produced by Actinomyces israelii,
      Actinomyces naeslundii, and Actinomyces viscosus in mice.
AB  - The histopathologic features of experimental actinomycotic lesions produced in
      mice by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Actinomyces viscosus
      were examined. In lesions caused by A israelii the outer edge of the bacterial
      granule exhibited an eosinophilic fringe with no evidence of penetration of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the bacterial granule. Chronic lesions
      after 6 weeks contained lobulated advancing fronts as well as areas of resolution
      showing heavy penetration by phagocytic cells. The number of macrophages and
      plasma cells in these lesions increased with time. In contrast, lesions caused by
      A viscosus and A naeslundii showed cellular evidence of resolution during the
      early stages of the infection (3-6 weeks). The bacterial core was readily
      penetrated and fragmented by PMNs in early A viscosus lesions. In lesions caused
      by A naeslundii there was less penetration of the central core by PMNs, and the
      bacterial granule tended to retain its structural integrity. Elongated crystals
      of hyaloid material appeared in lesions caused by all species. These protein-rich
      bodies appeared to be associated with resolving areas of the lesions. The
      observed contrast in the histopathologic appearance of actinomycotic lesions
      caused by A israelii, A naeslundii, and A viscosus is suggestive of important
      differences in the immune response of the host to infections caused by these
      three species.

PMID- 6829708
TI  - In vitro and in vivo stimulation of rat neutrophils and alveolar macrophages by
      immune complexes. Production of O-2 and H2O2.
AB  - Rat neutrophils and alveolar macrophages were quantitatively studied for
      production of O-2 and H2O2 after incubation of cells with immune complexes, and
      the responses were compared with those produced after cell contact with phorbal
      myristate acetate or zymosan particles. The production of toxic oxygen products
      is a linear function of cell number, the duration of incubation, and the amount
      of immune complex employed. In the case of neutrophils, there is a direct
      relationship between the amounts of immune complex internalized, secretory
      release of lysosomal enzymes, and production of O-2 and H2O2. With both
      neutrophils as well as alveolar macrophages, maximal production of O-2 occurs
      with the largest complexes (formed under conditions of antigen equivalence). When
      limiting cell concentrations are used, alveolar macrophages produce considerably
      more oxygen products than an equivalent number of peritoneal neutrophils obtained
      from the same animals. Thus, alveolar macrophages as well as neutrophils
      represent important potential sources for the generation of toxic oxygen products
      in lung inflammatory reactions. Experiments have also been designed to estimate
      the relative contributions of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in vivo during
      acute immune complex deposition in lung. The data indicate that both neutrophils
      and alveolar macrophages are activated by in vivo exposure to immune complexes,
      each cell type producing a 2-4-fold increase (over baseline levels) in the
      amounts of O-2. Thus, alveolar macrophages as well as neutrophils may play an
      important role in the generation of toxic oxygen products that have been
      incriminated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following deposition of
      immune complexes.

PMID- 6829707
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in man. Light- and electron-microscopic studies of
      18 lung biopsies.
AB  - Light- and electron-microscopic changes produced by hypersensitivity pneumonitis
      were analyzed in open lung biopsies taken from 18 patients with chronic forms of
      the disease. The main changes observed were: alveolitis (both luminal and mural),
      granulomas, intraalveolar buds, and interstitial fibrosis. The cells infiltrating
      the alveolar walls were mainly lymphocytes. Occasionally these lymphocytes
      presented irregularities in the contours of the nuclear membranes and resembled
      Sezary cells. In one patient, a few lymphocytes were found that resembled "hand
      mirror" cells. Intraalveolar macrophages often had a foamy appearance.
      Granulomas, present in two-thirds of the patients, differed in several respects
      from those in sarcoidosis: they were smaller, more loosely arranged, and poorly
      limited; they had a higher content of lymphocytes; and they were located more
      frequently in alveolar tissue than in the vicinity of bronchioles and vessels.
      Intraalveolar buds, also present in about two thirds of the patients, were
      composed mainly of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and macrophages in a loose
      connective tissue that was rich in proteoglycan material. Capillaries and
      epithelial cells were rarely seen in buds. Alveolar buds appear to develop by a
      process of disruption of the epithelial lining layer, due to alveolitis, followed
      by intraalveolar exudation and by subsequent intraalveolar migration of
      connective tissue cells interacting with macrophages. Severe fibrotic and
      alveolar epithelial changes were observed in four patients; milder changes were
      frequent in most other patients. It is concluded that hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis usually has distinctive morphologic features; these may help to
      distinguish the resultant pulmonary fibrosis from that due to other causes.

PMID- 6829710
TI  - Temporal morphologic changes in human colorectal carcinomas following
      xenografting.
AB  - The temporal morphologic changes of human colorectal carcinomas following
      xenografting into immunosuppressed mice were investigated by the use of light and
      transmission electron microscopy. The results show that colorectal carcinomas
      undergo a series of morphologic changes during the initial 30-day period
      following transplantation. During the initial 1-5-day period the majority of
      tumor cells die, and during the following 5-10-day period the necrotic debris
      created during the 1-5-day period is removed by host-supplied inflammatory cells.
      Only small groups of peripherally placed tumor cells survived at the end of the
      first 10 days. During the 10-20-day period the tumor cell populations of
      xenografts were reestablished by a morphologically heterogeneous population of
      tumor cells, and during the 20-30 day period consolidation of this process
      continued and some xenografts showed macroscopic evidence of growth. The authors
      hypothesize that human colorectal carcinomas, like the antecedent epithelium,
      contain subpopulations of undifferentiated cells that give rise to populations of
      more-differentiated cells.

PMID- 6829709
TI  - Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. 3. Inhibitory
      effect of alloxan.
AB  - Alloxan, when given intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight 2 hours prior
      to subcutaneous injection of the potent pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis (2
      oxopropyl) amine (BOP), inhibited the induction of hyperplastic and neoplastic
      pancreatic lesions in a statistically significant fashion (P less than 0.01). The
      number of lesions per animal affected was markedly less in these animals,
      compared with BOP-treated control animals. BOP administration 2 weeks after
      alloxan treatment, at which time pancreatic islet cell regeneration is considered
      completed, did not alter either the incidence or number of lesions. The results
      support our view that the pancreatic islet cells are the primary source of BOP
      metabolism. The concomitant inhibition of gallbladder tumors, but not of common
      duct neoplasms, in hamsters receiving BOP 2 hours after alloxan could indicate
      that alloxan's inhibitory effects on BOP carcinogenesis are not restricted to the
      pancreas.

PMID- 6829711
TI  - Anaplastic carcinomas in nude mice and in original donor strain rats inoculated
      with cultured oval cells.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 4-5 weeks a choline-devoid diet containing
      0.1% DL-ethionine. Preparations of nonparenchymal epithelial cells, enriched in
      oval cells, were isolated from the livers of these animals and were placed in
      culture. Six lines of hepatic epithelial cells were thus established. The lines
      underwent transformation after several passages, became tumorigenic in nude mice
      and 3 lines also in rats of the same strain of origin of the isolated cells. The
      tumors were uniformly highly anaplastic carcinomas. Preliminary morphologic,
      cytologic, and cytochemical results were consistent with the tumoral cells being
      hepatocytelike cells. These findings are viewed and discussed in terms of the
      cellular source, in vivo, of longterm cultures of rat liver epithelial cells, and
      in relation to a possible role of hepatic nonparenchymal epithelial cells in the
      process of hepatocellular tumor induction by chemical carcinogens.

PMID- 6829712
TI  - Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis. A description of the natural
      history in an avian model.
AB  - A simple and reproducible avian model of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is
      described, and the natural history of the disease has been documented. Infection
      was induced by intravenous injection of bacteria. Chickens were killed 6, 12, 24,
      48, 96, and 192 hours following bacterial inoculation, and the left proximal
      tibia and distal femur were removed for histologic examination. Bacterial
      deposition initially occurred within the growing ends of metaphyseal tunnels in
      the hypertrophic region of the zone of cartilage transformation in the growth
      plate. Bacterial proliferation occluded the vascular tunnel within 24 hours. The
      initial deposition of bacteria, the subsequent spread, and the nature of the
      inflammatory process are discussed in relation to the vascular arrangement
      adjacent to the growth plate. The frequent formation of sequestrum and the effect
      on the growth plate of an adjacent abscess is described.

PMID- 6829713
TI  - Abortion in mice induced by intravenous injections of antibodies to type IV
      collagen or laminin.
AB  - Purified antibodies to laminin or Type IV collagen administered intravenously to
      pregnant mice were found to localize in the basement membranes of all maternal
      tissues as well as the parietal and visceral yolk sacs and trophoblast basement
      membranes but not in embryonic tissues. Antibodies to Type IV collagen induced a
      higher incidence of abortions, retroplacental hematomas and fetal deaths. When
      administered intraamniotically, both antiserums were embryotoxic. The functional
      consequences of the attachment of antibodies to these specific basement membrane
      antigens appear to be hemorrhage within the parietal and visceral yolk sacs and
      separation of fetal from maternal tissues. Complement activation appears to play
      an important role in the interruptions of pregnancy, because this was not
      observed in strains of mice lacking C5, the fifth component of complement, in
      mice depleted of C3 by administration of cobra venom factor, or in mice injected
      with the F(ab) fragments of antibody to Type IV collagen or laminin.

PMID- 6829714
TI  - Hodgkin's disease. SJL/J murine lymphoma.

PMID- 6829716
TI  - Indian mental health: an orientation.
AB  - This paper provides a brief overview of Indian mental health needs, problems, and
      services among predominantly rural populations, and focuses on issues that arise
      when traditional Indian healing is made a part of a national health service
      system. Problems in developing a policy capable of integrating traditional
      healing with modern mental health techniques are considered.

PMID- 6829715
TI  - Saccular cerebral aneurysms in rats.

PMID- 6829717
TI  - The experience of repeated and traumatic loss among Crow Indian children:
      response patterns and intervention strategies.
AB  - Crow Indian children residing on the Montana Reservation appear to experience
      traumatic losses of family members and friends with much greater frequency than
      children in the population at large. Responses to these losses include
      interpersonal distancing, and sadness without apparent anger. Assessment and
      clinical intervention are considered within the sociocultural context of Indian
      child client and white, middle-class clinician.

PMID- 6829718
TI  - Family relationships and school achievement among boys of lower-income urban
      black families.
AB  - This study of poor, black, urban families relates mothers' views of the ideal
      relationship between their sons and the world to the sons' academic achievement.
      In open-ended interviews, mothers of high achievers express ideals for their sons
      that emphasize self-motivated, active, learning engagement with the world;
      mothers of low achievers express ideals that emphasize constraint, isolation, and
      adult control. The effects of a hostile environment on this family interaction
      among low achievers are considered.

PMID- 6829720
TI  - Brief, problem-focused group psychotherapy with adolescents.
AB  - Practical issues and treatment considerations in brief, problem-focused group
      therapy with adolescents are discussed, including selectivity factors, group
      composition, and leadership style. The need for therapists using this approach to
      engage actively in emotional exchange and self-disclosure is emphasized, and the
      varieties of interventions encompassed in this approach are illustrated by case
      vignettes.

PMID- 6829719
TI  - A personal view of black inner-city foster families.
AB  - This paper uses the personal experience of a 21-year-old, white, middle-class
      medical student living in a black inner-city neighborhood as a basis for
      observations on the special form of extended family that flourishes in this
      neighborhood. The particular strengths of families into which children have been
      "informally" adopted are noted, and it is suggested that mental health
      professionals must understand and appreciate the special strengths of these
      family ties if they are to act in the best interests of the children they serve.

PMID- 6829721
TI  - Autoerotic asphyxial deaths and social network response.
AB  - A study of 132 autoerotic asphyxial deaths revealed that family members and
      friends, in addition to experiencing shock over the sudden aspect of the death,
      frequently were the ones to discover the decedent's body and were confused by the
      sexual nature of the death. Clinicians are urged to be alert for signs of such
      potentially lethal sexual activity among the young people they see, and to be
      prepared to assist bereaved family members.

PMID- 6829722
TI  - Incidence of delayed stress disorder among Vietnam era veterans: the effect of
      priming on response set.
AB  - Recent studies concluded that a significant number of Vietnam era veterans suffer
      now from a service-related stress disorder. This paper suggests that a priming
      artifact may have operated in many such studies to confound an understanding of
      the nature and estimate of the disorder. Findings of a study designed to test the
      effect of priming on veterans' self-ratings support the hypothesis that veterans,
      particularly noncombat veterans, tend to rate themselves in a manner consistent
      with prior information provided by the testers.

PMID- 6829723
TI  - On health and disorder in Vietnam veterans: an invited commentary.
AB  - The study by LaGuardia et al attributes earlier findings of prevalence of stress
      disorder among Vietnam veterans to investigator bias. It is suggested that the
      focus of the present study furthers a powerful but misleading debate about mental
      health vs. illness of veterans, and may undermine efforts to provide needed
      services. Factors maintaining the health vs. disorder controversy are reviewed,
      assumptions about combat as a tolerable stress are examined, and evidence of a
      normal stress recovery process for survivors of catastrophe is discussed.

PMID- 6829724
TI  - Commitment and endurance: common themes in the life histories of civil rights
      workers who stayed.
AB  - First-person life histories of a group of civil rights workers who have
      maintained a long-term commitment to the Movement are summarized and analyzed.
      The importance of relationships with others, changes in the ways the workers
      viewed themselves, the development of faith in their work, and the reconciliation
      of their Movement experiences with those of their past life emerge as central
      themes in their accounts.

PMID- 6829725
TI  - The mental foxhole: the Vietnam veteran's search for meaning.

PMID- 6829726
TI  - The testimony of political repression as a therapeutic instrument.
AB  - The use of testimony--tape-recorded by the therapist and revised jointly by
      therapist and patient into a written document--as a therapeutic technique with
      former prisoners and with relatives of prisoners of the Chilean military
      government is described and evaluated. The testimony, aimed at facilitating
      integration of the traumatic experience and restoration of self-esteem, was found
      effective in providing symptomatic relief for certain patients.

PMID- 6829728
TI  - Improving coping skills of emotionally disturbed boys through television-based
      social problem solving.
AB  - Ten specially selected videotapes, showing children involved in working through
      problem situations, were shown twice a week for five weeks to boys in special
      education classes at a residential treatment center, and were followed by
      discussions led by teachers and aides. Multiple overlapping control groups were
      used in a pretest, posttest, follow-up design. Results indicated clear gains in
      emotional control, personality functioning, and prosocial behavior and, at a two
      month follow-up, gains in self-reliant learning by boys subject to the
      experimental condition.

PMID- 6829727
TI  - Turning points and developmental change: subjective and "objective" assessments.
AB  - Drawing on recent developmental theories that emphasize the interplay of external
      and internal factors, the present study examines the interrelationship of self
      defined turning points in life, and longitudinal change in self-concept and
      psychological well-being, among younger and older adults. Self-concept dimensions
      are found to be stable over time and to predict the impact of turning points.

PMID- 6829729
TI  - Issues concerning parental harmony and children's psychosocial adjustment.

PMID- 6829730
TI  - Social interactions of autistic and nonhandicapped children during free play.
AB  - Ten small groups of second and third graders participated in weekly play sessions
      with autistic children over a period of ten weeks. Observations of 28
      nonhandicapped children indicated that the frequency of their social interaction
      and communication increased across the week of their daily visits. Autistic
      children displayed increases in social interaction and decreases in solitary
      behavior from the first to the tenth week of observation.

PMID- 6829731
TI  - Maternal "en face" orientation during the first hour after birth.
AB  - Data are presented on the amount of time that 97 mothers spent in the "en face"
      position in the first hour postpartum, during which time contact between mother
      and infant was uninterrupted. The mean times varied with cultural background,
      relationship with the child's father, attitude toward childbirth, and
      administration of oxytocics.

PMID- 6829732
TI  - Treatment of cholesteatoma in children. A long-term study of results.
AB  - The late results of cholesteatoma surgery in a consecutive study of 122 children
      primarily operated on in one stage from 1965 to 1978 and seen at follow-up
      several times are presented. Of the children, 97 percent were seen at least once
      during an observation period of 2 to 16 years. Recurrent cholesteatoma was found
      in 12 percent, of whom 8 percent had residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic
      cavity, 2 percent in the attic, and 2 percent had recurrent cholesteatoma in the
      attic. Results with a modified canal up technique were slightly better than with
      canal down technique. Retractions in the attic using canal up technique were
      found in 30 percent, but the openings gradually increased and they ended up being
      harmless, self-cleaning cavities. The results of various hearing tests were
      satisfactory--best in cases with an intact ossicular chain, which it is
      recommended always to preserve. Cholesteatoma surgery must be strictly
      individualized according to the pathology of the patient. No single method is
      superior in all cases.

PMID- 6829733
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the tympanic membrane. A case report.

PMID- 6829734
TI  - Glycerol induced changes of acoustic conductance in Meniere's disease.

PMID- 6829735
TI  - The sensory epithelia of the human labyrinth. A freeze-fracturing and
      transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The end-organs of the human vestibular system were studied with transmission
      electron microscopic and freeze-fracturing techniques. The general morphology of
      the sensory epithelia was comparable to that of animals. The hair cells consisted
      of flask-shaped type I hair cells with the surrounding nerve calyx and rod-shaped
      type II hair cells contacted by several small bouton-shaped nerve endings. The
      hair cells were coupled to neighboring supporting cells by tight junctions at the
      lateroapical aspect. These were regular in appearance and of the moderately tight
      type. This type of tight junction has been found elsewhere in the inner ear and
      is believed to be competent to maintain its unique ion composition. The lateral
      surfaces of the supporting cells were coupled by gap junctions. The afferent
      nerve terminal of the type I hair cell, the so-called calyx, totally encompassed
      the hair cell. It could not be concluded on the basis of the present material
      whether the type I hair cell-calyx complex mediates electrical or chemical
      synaptic contact. The synapses of afferent nerves on type II hair cells, however,
      displayed typical signs of being chemically mediated. Synaptic bodies, similar to
      those seen in animals, were associated with the presynaptic membrane inside the
      hair cell. Membrane specializations comparable to those of animals were also seen
      in these synapses. Efferent nerve endings and synapses were not readily
      identified and were thus not discussed in this study.

PMID- 6829737
TI  - Effects of stimulus repetition rate on the auditory brain stem responses (ABR).
AB  - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were recorded from 26 normal subjects who
      listened to 100 ms clicks at 10, 20, 50, and 100 repetitions per second at
      varying intensities. A 0.5+/-0.3 ms shift of the V wave latency was observed
      between 10 clicks per second and 100 clicks per second; a lesser difference was
      found when the repetition rate was shifted between 10 to 50, 20 to 50, or 20 to
      100 clicks per second. No significant differences were observed when the
      repetition rate moved from 10 to 20 or between 50 and 100 clicks per second.
      Whatever latency shifts were observed appeared to be independent of the stimulus
      intensity. Waveform morphology seemed to be the same between 10 and 20 clicks per
      second, with only minor changes observed at the 50 clicks per second rate. At 100
      clicks per second a decrease or a complete disappearance of some components or
      both was seen. These changes are accounted for by peripheral phenomena for the
      most part, and a number of clinical applications are suggested based on these
      observations.

PMID- 6829736
TI  - The fenestrated blood vessels of the endolymphatic sac. A freeze-fracture and
      transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The fenestrated blood vessels surrounding the endolymphatic sac in guinea pigs
      were investigated with the help of freeze-fracturing. The technique exposes the
      structure and distribution of vascular pores as well as interendothelial bridges
      or tight junctions between vascular endothelial cells. It is possible to get a
      three-dimensional comprehension of the vascular structure which can be compared
      with that of conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Discontinuity
      in the junctional elements as seen in some endothelial layers and the high number
      of fenestrations organized in geometric patterns, as well as the abundant,
      randomly distributed micropinocytotic vesicles seem to bear out the theory that
      the endolymphatic sac is one of the most metabolically active parts of the inner
      ear and may be involved in the turnover of endolymph.

PMID- 6829738
TI  - BSER abnormalities in a multiple sclerosis patient with normal peripheral hearing
      acuity.
AB  - The measurement of brain stem evoked potentials has proven clinically useful in
      determining the presence of multiple sclerosis plaques along the auditory areas
      of the brain stem. Abnormalities in brain stem evoked responses (BSER) have been
      identified in patients who manifest normal hearing acuity when evaluated via
      conventional audiometric techniques. The following case presentation illustrates
      this confounding clinical finding. The patient was a 20-year-old female who had
      been previously diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis. Within one month after
      being evaluated by BSER testing, she was struck and killed by lightning. Although
      she had a detailed history of normal hearing acuity (documented over the last six
      years), BSER test results yielded significantly abnormal neural conduction times
      when the left ear was ipsilaterally stimulated. A histopathologic examination of
      the patient's brain stem verified involvement of the auditory tracts. Thus
      physical corroboration of the abnormal BSER results was obtained in the presence
      of normal hearing acuity.

PMID- 6829740
TI  - Medicolegal otology.

PMID- 6829742
TI  - The university of south Florida otolaryngology training program.

PMID- 6829739
TI  - Dead ear? not necessarily. A report of three cases of chronic otitis media.

PMID- 6829741
TI  - Lateral sinus thrombosis.
AB  - The incidence of lateral sinus thrombophlebitis has been significantly reduced
      since the advent of antibiotics. This entity is rarely encountered in clinical
      practice, so a high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and
      appropriate management. Although uncomplicated dural venous thrombosis carries an
      excellent prognosis with proper treatment, delay in diagnosis and institution of
      appropriate therapy may lead to serious, or even fatal, consequences. It is hoped
      that this case report and discussion will serve to increase the awareness of
      lateral sinus thrombophlebitis as a potential complication of suppurative otitis
      media.

PMID- 6829743
TI  - Intriguing change in tinnitus with eye movement.

PMID- 6829744
TI  - Na-Ca exchange in a smooth muscle plasma membrane-enriched fraction.
AB  - Na-Ca exchange in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction N1 isolated from rat
      myometrium has been demonstrated as Ca gain or loss depending on the direction of
      the [Na+] gradient [Grover et al., Am. J. Physiol. 240 (Cell Physiol. 9): C175
      C182, 1981]. In this study, the [Na+]gradient-dependent Ca uptake by this
      membrane fraction was demonstrated to occur optimally at pH 6.67; and 7.0 +/- 2.2
      microMs Ca2+ was required for the half-maximal uptake. Such Ca uptake occurred in
      vesicles previously loaded with a [Ca] that was the same as or higher than the
      one present in the Ca-uptake medium, i.e., as an uphill Ca-transport process. The
      Na-Ca exchange-dependent Ca uptake was abolished by the Ca ionophore A23187 or by
      the monovalent cation (Na+) ionophore monensin. It was not influenced by the
      presence of KC1, KC1 plus valinomycin, or the proton uncouplers carbonyl cyanine
      p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone or 5'-chloro-3-t-butyl-2'
      chloronitrosalicylanilide in the Ca-uptake medium. The properties of the Na-Ca
      exchange are compared with those of passive and ATP-dependent Ca uptake by this
      membrane fraction, and physiological implications of this process are discussed.

PMID- 6829745
TI  - Myosin phosphorylation and regulation of cross-bridge cycle in tracheal smooth
      muscle.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin
      light chains (LC 20) in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle modulates cross-bridge
      kinetics and isotonic shortening velocity. The thin muscle [190 +/- 10 (SE)
      microns] allowed detection of rapid changes in carbachol-induced active stress
      development, LC 20 phosphorylation, and isotonic shortening velocities.
      Phosphorylation of the LC 20 in resting muscle was 0.12 +/- 0.04 mol Pi/mol LC
      20. Carbachol (10(-5) M) increased the level of phosphorylation to 0.46 +/- 0.03
      mol Pi/mol LC 20 within 30 s. Phosphorylation then declined significantly as
      steady-state active stress was reached. A positive correlation was always found
      between LC 20 phosphorylation and shortening velocity. This result supports the
      hypothesis that the level of myosin phosphorylation was related to the mean cross
      bridge cycling rate rather than the number of cross bridges contributing to the
      developed stress. Dephosphorylation of LC 20 occurred at about the same rate as
      the decline in shortening velocity and stress upon stimulus washout.

PMID- 6829746
TI  - Developmental changes of creatine kinase metabolism in rat brain.

PMID- 6829747
TI  - Chemical energy usage during shortening and work production in mammalian smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 6829748
TI  - Phosphagen content, breakdown during contraction, and O2 consumption in rat
      portal vein.

PMID- 6829749
TI  - Cerebral glucose utilization in awake unstressed rats.
AB  - Regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRGlc) was measured in awake unstressed
      rats by use of [2-14C]glucose autoradiography. Rats prepared by chronic
      catheterization of the jugular and epigastric veins were placed in specially
      designed chambers after surgery. The catheters were passed through the top of the
      chambers. Seven days after surgery, plasma glucose was normal (7.5 mM), plasma
      ketone bodies were low (0.13 mM), and body weight was maintained. Plasma
      epinephrine was 31 pg/ml; approximately 3% of the level for stressed
      (immobilized) rats. Injections and blood sampling through the catheters did not
      produce changes in heart rate, blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, or blood
      metabolites. Visual observations did not reveal any signs that the rats were
      aware of the [2-14C]glucose injections and the subsequent blood sampling. The
      rCMRGlc in stressed rats was significantly greater than in unstressed rats. This
      method provides a model for physiological studies in unstressed unanesthetized
      rats.

PMID- 6829750
TI  - Effects of detraining on enzymes of energy metabolism in individual human muscle
      fibers.
AB  - Muscle biopsies were obtained from three cyclists and four runners at the end of
      10-24 mo of intensive training and after intervals of detraining up to 12 wk.
      Control samples came from four untrained persons and four former athletes. Macro
      mixed fiber samples were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase,
      glycogen phosphorylase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxyacyl
      CoA dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
      creatine kinase, hexokinase, 1-phosphofructokinase, fructosebisphosphatase,
      protein, and total creatine. In the case of three trained persons and two
      controls, the first six of the enzymes were also measured in individual fibers.
      Before detraining, enzymes of oxidative metabolism were substantially higher than
      in controls, and differences in levels between type I and type II fibers were
      smaller. During detraining, oxidative enzymes were decreased in both fiber types
      but the type II fibers did not fall to control levels even after 12 wk.
      Phosphorylase increased with detraining in both fiber types. The same is true for
      lactate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase, except in the case of the type I
      fibers of one individual. Among the other six enzymes (measured in mixed fiber
      samples), only hexokinase was consistently affected (decreased) by detraining.

PMID- 6829752
TI  - Facilitated calcium diffusion by intestinal calcium-binding protein.
AB  - The calcium flux through an aqueous compartment was determined using a flow
      through dialysis cell in which two dialysis membranes isolated the aqueous
      compartment. Addition of the intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding
      protein (CaBP) significantly enhanced the calcium flux at near physiological
      calcium concentrations (1 X 10(-6) M). Bovine serum albumin had no effect on the
      calcium flux. CaBP appears to be one of a class of low molecular weight, soluble
      binding proteins that enhance ligand diffusion.

PMID- 6829751
TI  - Effects of calcium on membrane potential and sodium influx in barnacle muscle
      fibers.
AB  - The influence of internal and external Ca2+ on membrane potential and 22Na influx
      were tested in internally perfused giant barnacle muscle fibers. The fibers
      depolarized by about 2-3 mV, and Na+ influx increased when external Ca2+ was
      removed. These effects were inhibited and reversed by adding 2 mM La3+ externally
      but not by tetrodotoxin (TTX). Ca2+ channel blockers did not prevent the
      depolarization. Increasing internal free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M
      also stimulated Na+ influx and depolarized the fibers by a few millivolts.
      Neither external La3+ nor TTX prevented the effects of raising [Ca2+]i; however,
      internal tetrabutylammonium ions depolarized the fibers and attenuated the
      internal Ca2+-dependent effects. These data are consistent with the idea that
      removal of external Ca2+ activates a La3+-sensitive channel that is permeable to
      Na+; raising [Ca2+]i activates a La2+-insensitive, Na+-permeable channel that may
      be similar to the internal Ca2+-activated nonselective cation channels observed
      in cardiac muscle. The results demonstrate that all Na+ (and Ca2+) fluxes that do
      not contribute to Na-Ca exchange must be carefully identified before the exchange
      stoichiometry can be determined from Na+ and Ca2+ flux measurements.

PMID- 6829753
TI  - Glucose production measured by tracer and balance data in conscious miniature
      pig.
AB  - The rate of glucose production was estimated in the conscious, unrestrained
      miniature pig during metabolic adaptation to starvation (up to 120 h) by the
      simultaneous use of three different techniques: 1) the isotopedilution technique,
      2) the arteriohepatovenous catheter technique, and 3) the urinary nitrogen
      balance. During the experimental period 1) whole-body glucose turnover decreased,
      whereas the amount of glucose recycling increased; 2) splanchnic glucose output
      decreased, whereas the rate of splanchnic precursor extraction increased up to 48
      h, followed by a decrease; 3) gut glucose consumption amounted to about 30% of
      splanchnic glucose output; and 4) urinary nitrogen excretion declined
      continuously. The comparison of the different methods revealed that during
      starvation 1) tracer-determined glucose production rate was within the range (+/-
      10%) of the splanchnic glucose output; 2) mean hepatic glucose output
      overestimated the tracer data by about 30-40%; 3) splanchnic glucose output
      underestimated hepatic glucose production by the amount of gut glucose
      consumption; 4) tracer-determined glucose recycling corrected for isotope
      dilution and amino acid contribution was within the range of splanchnic
      gluconeogenic precursor extractions. Considering the limitations (e.g., gut
      glucose consumption, gut lactate and alanine release, blood flow measurement) and
      methodological problems of the different approaches applied, it is evident that
      each method reflects different events. It is suggested that the versatile tracer
      technique combined with nitrogen balance should be preferred for measurement of
      endogenous glucose production.

PMID- 6829754
TI  - Cortisol and its possible role in regulation of sodium and potassium in human
      milk.
AB  - Cortisol (F), Na, and K were measured in human milk samples taken every 4 h
      during 28 24-h cycles in 19 subjects. F in milk, measured by radioimmunoassay of
      unchromatographed extracts, demonstrated a circadian variation similar to that of
      plasma F and was dexamethasone-suppressible. Values ranged from 220 +/- 41 (SE)
      ng/dl at 2300 h to 1,214 +/- 210 at 0700 h. When milk extracts were
      chromatographed, a similar circadian variation was seen, and F ranged from 87 +/-
      27 (SE) ng/dl at 2300 h to 784 +/- 164 at 700 h. The morning values of F exceeded
      previous estimates of corticosteroid binding capacity in milk, indicating the
      possibility of significant levels of unbound F. The subjects were divided into
      three groups according to time postpartum: I, 3.5-6 wk; II, 8-18 wk, and III, 20
      32 wk. In milk, normalized values of F (unchromatographed) and electrolytes
      (x/means) were compared, with x the value at time t and means the mean value for
      a 24-h cycle. A significant circadian variation was seen in milk for (x/means)Na,
      (x/means)K, (x/means)Na/K, and x/means)F. Correlation of (x/means)F with
      (x/means)Na 4 h later was negative in all three groups (r = -0.36 to -0.56, P
      less than 0.10-0.001) as was (x/means)F vs. (x/means)Na/K (r = -0.33 to -0.61, P
      less than 0.10-0.001); (x/means)F vs. (x/means)K 4 h later was positive (r = 0.38
      to 0.52, P less than 0.05-0.001). Dexamethasone administration caused a
      significant decrease in milk means Na and an increase in meansK in all five
      subjects (P less than 0.01). Thus, milk Na and K concentrations appeared
      regulated by adrenal corticosteroids.

PMID- 6829755
TI  - Cerebral metabolism of amino acids and glucose in fed and fasted sheep.
AB  - Net cerebral uptake from or release into whole blood of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
      glucose, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, and acetate was estimated
      in fed, 3-day-fasted, and 6-day-fasted sheep. The respiratory quotient was
      similar in all three groups of sheep (approximately 0.95). Glucose uptake (35
      mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1) was maintained during fasting, and about 94% of the
      cerebral oxygen consumption could have been accounted for by glucose oxidation in
      all sheep. A cerebral uptake of the branched-chain amino acids (leucine,
      isoleucine, and valine) and proline also was observed with a concomitant
      production of glutamine and asparagine. The brains of fed and 3-day-fasted sheep
      were in nitrogen balance, but a small net release of nitrogen occurred in 6-day
      fasted sheep (2 mumol N. min-1 X 100 g-1). A small amount of pyruvate was always
      released (1.4 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1) into the blood, whereas lactate was
      released (6 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1) only in 6-day-fasted sheep. Ketone body and
      acetate utilization always was negligible when compared with that for glucose.
      The total cerebral nonglucose carbon release found for 6-day-fasted sheep was
      equivalent to 23% of the glucose carbon taken up, although only 8% could have
      been derived directly from glucose. Thus, metabolism by the ovine brain seems
      resistant to prolonged periods of hypoglycemia with only small adaptations
      occurring after a 6-day fast.

PMID- 6829756
TI  - Indexes of body cell mass: nitrogen versus potassium.
AB  - In vivo neutron activation has provided investigators with a powerful tool for
      research on body composition. Total-body nitrogen (TBN), total-body potassium
      (TBK), and total-body water (TBW) were measured in 133 normal subjects. TBN,
      measured by neutron activation, is a measure of total-body protein, an index of
      body cell mass. TBK, also measured by a nuclear reaction, is an index of body
      cell mass as well as lean body mass. The mass and protein content of two
      compartments, muscle and nonmuscle lean tissue, were determined from the combined
      TBN-TBK data by compartmental analysis. In this study, nitrogen was separated
      into the actively metabolizing body cell mass component and the slowly
      metabolizing structural component. The TBK, which is 95% intracellular, was found
      to be more closely related to the actively metabolizing nitrogen than to TBN. The
      relationship of body cell mass, a concept originally proposed by Moore, to lean
      body mass, is shown through the relationship of TBN and TBK. The clinical
      significance of this study, is that TBK is the more sensitive and reliable
      indicator of changes in body cell mass. Maximum information on body composition,
      however, is obtained by the measurement of both TBK and TBN.

PMID- 6829757
TI  - Support of kidney function by long-chain fatty acids derived from renal tissue.
AB  - To determine whether the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) derived from
      renal tissue lipids can support renal function, we perfused isolated rat kidneys
      with a substrate-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 6 g/100 ml
      substrate-free (defatted) albumin. We measured GFR, TNa+, and Qo2 at 7-min
      intervals from 15 to 99 min after cannulation of the renal artery. Two groups (A
      and B) of 12 perfusions each were done. During substrate-free perfusion mean
      %TNa+ was low (A = 45 +/- 2%, B = 62 +/- 5%). When 10(-4) M 2-tetradecylglycidic
      acid (2-TDGA), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of long-chain acylcarnitine
      transferase-I, was added to the substrate-free perfusate, significant decreases
      in %TNa+ (A to approximately 25%; B to approximately 35%) and in Qo2 (delta = 
      25%) occurred. During perfusion with either 5 mM lactate or 5 mM alpha
      ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) %TNa+ increased to approximately 80%. When 2-TDGA was
      added in the presence of lactate or of alpha-KG no decrease in %TNa+ or Qo2
      occurred. Thus, 2-TDGA does not inhibit net renal Na+ transport or O2 uptake in
      the presence of high concentrations of lactate or alpha-KG, substrates not
      requiring long-chain acylcarnitine transferase for their utilization. We conclude
      that oxidation of LCFA released from renal tissue lipids can support a
      significant portion of Na+ reabsorption.

PMID- 6829758
TI  - Sodium chloride and water transport in the renal distal tubule of the rainbow
      trout.
AB  - Isolated segments of the renal tubules from the freshwater trout, Salmo
      gairdneri, were perfused in vitro to characterize ion and water transport. The
      distal tubule showed a transepithelial voltage (Vt) positive in the lumen (+17.8
      +/- 1.4 mV). Furosemide added to the lumen and Na cyanide and ouabain added to
      the bath reduced the lumen-positive Vt of the distal tubule. Removal of either Cl
      or Na+ from both perfusate and bathing medium abolished the lumen-positive Vt.
      When the distal tubule was perfused and bathed with isosmotic solution, net water
      flux (Jv) was nearly zero. Jv and hydraulic conductivity remained low when the
      osmolality of the bathing fluid was increased with raffinose. Neurohypophysial
      hormones added to the bath showed no effect. Chloride efflux (lumen to bath,
      171.1 +/- 17.1 peq x mm-1. min-1) was significantly higher than chloride influx
      (bath to lumen, 105.6 +/- 12.3 peq x mm-1 x min-1), suggesting that net chloride
      reabsorption exists. These results suggest that in the freshwater trout, which
      lack the loop of Henle, the distal tubule acts as a diluting segment. The
      presence of sodium, in addition to chloride, is required to generate the lumen
      positive Vt in the distal tubule.

PMID- 6829759
TI  - Chronic hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis induced by KCl loading.

PMID- 6829761
TI  - Bicarbonate transport in cortical and outer medullary collecting tubules.
AB  - The collecting ducts are thought to represent a low-capacity high-gradient
      acidification system. However, the inaccessibility of the various regions of the
      collecting duct system has prevented direct segmental analysis of its
      contribution to distal acidification. The present in vitro microperfusion studies
      compare bicarbonate transport (in pmol . mm-1 . min-1) in rabbit cortical (CCT)
      and outer medullary collecting tubules (MCT) perfused and bathed with symmetrical
      Ringer bicarbonate solution at pH 7.4. Cortical segments from normal animals
      exhibited no net bicarbonate transport (-2.15 +/- 1.93) whereas MCT from normal
      animals reabsorbed bicarbonate at a rate of 11.3 +/- 1.4. Both bicarbonate
      reabsorption and the lumen-positive voltage (+9.4 +/- 1.1 mV) in MCT were totally
      inhibited by 10(-4) M acetazolamide. CCT from NH4Cl-treated rabbits demonstrated
      significant bicarbonate reabsorption (1.8 +/- 0.7) when perfused at slow rates.
      CCT harvested from animals given a NaHCO3 load for 48 h prior to death secreted
      bicarbonate (-6.2 +/- 2.5). These studies confirm earlier observations of the
      ability of the CCT to reabsorb or secrete bicarbonate. In addition, they
      demonstrate significant axial heterogeneity in acidification in the collecting
      duct system and identify the outer medullary collecting tubule from inner stripe
      of outer medulla as a segment of major capacity.

PMID- 6829760
TI  - Adaptation of deep and superficial nephrons to changes in dietary phosphate
      intake.
AB  - Dietary phosphate intake is now recognized to be a primary regulator of renal
      phosphate excretion. However, the nephron sites involved in the adaptation to
      changes in dietary phosphate are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that deep and
      superficial nephrons respond differently to changes in dietary phosphate by
      comparing fractional phosphate delivery (FDP%) from proximal tubules of both
      nephron populations. Because phosphate reabsorption is not detectable in the
      ascending loop of Henle, FDP% to the superficial early distal tubule and
      papillary loop of Henle reflect delivery from superficial and deep nephron
      proximal tubules, respectively. Micropuncture experiments were performed in 17
      acutely TPTX rats fed either a low (0.07%) or a high (1.8%) phosphate diet for 4
      days prior to the experiment. In low phosphate diet, fractional phosphate
      excretion was 0.93 +/- 0.26%. FDP% was 7.5 +/- 0.5 and 9.1 +/- 2.2% from
      superficial and deep nephron proximal tubules, respectively (P greater than
      0.05). In high phosphate diet, fractional phosphate excretion was 29.6 +/- 5.0%.
      FDP% was significantly greater from superficial proximal tubules, 33.9 +/- 4.6%,
      compared with that from deep nephron proximal tubules, 14.0 +/- 2.7% (P less than
      0.05). We conclude that significant adaptation of phosphate reabsorption in
      response to changes in dietary phosphate intake occurs in the superficial but not
      in the deep nephron proximal tubule in acutely TPTX volume-expanded rats. In
      addition, the presence of distal phosphate reabsorption was not evident in high
      phosphate diet but must occur in low phosphate diet.

PMID- 6829762
TI  - Glucagon degradation by luminal and basolateral rabbit tubular membranes.
AB  - Glucagon is avidly degraded by the kidney, but the relative contribution of the
      luminal and basolateral tubular membranes to this process is unknown. We studied
      125I-glucagon degradation by purified luminal (L) and basolateral (BL) tubular
      membranes prepared from rabbit kidney cortex, which showed enrichment vs.
      homogenate of marker enzyme activities (Na-K-ATPase for BL and maltase for L) of
      10- and 14-fold, respectively. Renal homogenates and both tubular membrane
      fractions degraded glucagon avidly without reaching saturation even at
      pharmacologic concentration (10(-5) M) of the hormone. At physiologic
      concentration (3 x 10(-11) M) BL membranes degraded substantial amounts of
      glucagon (8.1 +/- 0.9 pg . micrograms protein-1 . h-1) even though at lesser
      rates (P less than 0.001) than the luminal fraction (33.3 +/- 1.9 pg . micrograms
      protein-1 . h-1). Competition experiments suggested that glucagon-degrading
      activity in both fractions includes both specific and nonspecific components, and
      the potency of different enzyme inhibitors to decelerate glucagon degradation was
      strikingly similar in the two membrane preparations. Glucagon degradation
      differed in several important aspects from the manner in which tubular membranes
      catabolize insulin, including absolute degradation rates and relative degrading
      capacity of the membranes vs. homogenates, both being substantially higher for
      glucagon. These results provide direct evidence that the renal metabolism of
      glucagon also involves its degradation by peritubular cell membranes.

PMID- 6829763
TI  - Liquid junctions and isolated proximal tubule transepithelial potentials.
AB  - Accurate evaluation of the unavoidable liquid junction potentials (LJP) involved
      whenever bath (B) and perfusate (P) solutions differ in ionic composition is of
      fundamental importance in the determination of proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
      transepithelial potential, psi T, and its active and diffusion components, psi A
      and psi D. Therefore, a precise method of measuring these LJP, using Ag/AgCl
      electrodes, has been developed and successfully tested. The measured LJP, psi B
      P, between artificial bath serum containing 6 g/100 ml albumin and ultrafiltrate
      like perfusate is +2.6 mV. The average measured potential difference (PD) in
      rabbit PCT with these solutions was -3.0 mV, psi T thus being only -0.4 mV. Three
      maneuvers known to abolish psi A (hypothermia, 10(-4) ouabain, or K-free bath)
      brought the PD close to the reference potential, indicating that psi A congruent
      to PD and that psi D congruent to psi B-P. From dilution potentials, after
      correction for LJP (4.3 in the absence and 6.2 mV in the presence of proteins),
      PNa/PCl was calculated to be 0.9 for midcortical and 1.1 for juxtamedullary PCT
      in the absence of proteins and slightly lower in their presence. These values of
      LJP obtained with Ag/AgCl electrodes are between 30 and 100% larger than the ones
      measured using a saturated KCl bridge or the ones in previous studies, indicating
      that in these studies psi T as well as PNa/PCl has been overestimated.

PMID- 6829765
TI  - Renal excretion of ascorbic acid in the rat: a micropuncture study.
AB  - Ascorbate concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography
      and amperometry in plasma, tubular fluid, and urine from rats infused with
      ascorbic acid to steady-state levels. At a low concentration of ascorbate in
      plasma (Pasc = 0.2 mM) reabsorption occurred along the proximal convoluted tubule
      (PCT). The fractional delivery (FD) of ascorbate [(TF/P)asc/(TF/P)polyfructosan]
      to the late proximal convoluted tubule was 0.64 +/- 0.04, and the fractional
      excretion of ascorbate (FEasc) was 0.56 +/- 0.01. At higher Pasc (0.9 mM) net
      secretion occurred in the PCT, while the FDasc was 1.5 +/- 0.2 to the early and
      1.8 +/- 0.2 to the late PCT. At still higher Pasc the secretory and the
      reabsorptive transports were saturated and the FDasc and FEasc approached unity,
      indicating that reabsorptive as well as secretory transport occurs in the
      proximal tubule. In clearance experiments the reabsorptive transport and
      secretory transport were inhibited by 2-nitroprobenecid. The drug induced a fall
      of FEasc when infused at a low rate (0.9 mumol X kg body wt-1 . min-1), which was
      followed by an increase in FEasc when the rate of infusion of 2-nitroprobenecid
      was increased to 3 mumol . kg body wt-1 X min-1.

PMID- 6829764
TI  - Autoradiographic determination of dexamethasone binding sites along the rabbit
      nephron.
AB  - Specific binding sites of tritiated dexamethasone ([3H]dex) along the tubule of
      rabbit kidney were investigated using an autoradiographic method (dry film) on
      isolated tubular segments. After in vitro incubation of kidney pyramids with
      [3H]dex (0.15-53 nM) in the presence or absence of an excess (X200) of unlabeled
      dexamethasone, tubular segments were microdissected and processed for
      autoradiography. A quantitative analysis of specific labeling over cytoplasm and
      nuclei was performed. Specific nuclear binding was observed in all tubular
      segments beyond the pars recta. This binding was dose dependent and reached much
      higher values than those reported for aldosterone. In the proximal tubule, the
      specific labeling was also high but remained mostly cytoplasmic. The meaning of
      these drastically different intracellular localizations is still open to
      interpretation. Autoradiography was performed after in vivo injection of [3H]dex
      and [3H]aldosterone. The results were not different from those described here for
      dexamethasone and from those previously reported for aldosterone after in vitro
      incubation. We conclude that specific nuclear binding sites for dexamethasone
      range over the nephron except for proximal tubule, with no great difference among
      segments, in contrast to specific sites for aldosterone, which are restricted to
      distal and cortical collecting tubules. The exact significance of the proximal
      cytoplasmic specific binding of [3H]dex remains to be determined.

PMID- 6829766
TI  - Effects of reduced renal artery pressure on feedback control of glomerular
      filtration.

PMID- 6829767
TI  - In vitro perfusion of the isolated dog glomerulus.
AB  - Recent technological advances allowing direct in vivo measurements of the
      determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration have greatly expanded our
      understanding of that process. In addition, these in vivo studies have clarified
      the dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in a number of physiologic and
      pathophysiologic conditions. Despite this progress, important issues remain
      unresolved and beyond the scrutiny of in vivo techniques. We have therefore
      devised a technique for in vitro glomerular perfusion of the isolated dog
      glomerulus. In eight glomeruli perfused at physiologic rates, the glomerular
      filtration rate averaged 39 nl/min and the filtration fraction was 0.19.
      Filtration pressure disequilibrium was observed in all studies and thus allowed
      calculation of a unique value for the ultrafiltration coefficient. That parameter
      averaged 2.34 nl/(min X mmHg). Morphologic studies employing transmission
      electron microscopy indicate that isolated perfused glomeruli remain
      ultrastructurally intact. The method for glomerular isolation and in vitro
      perfusion is presented in detail, the results obtained are compared with
      published in vivo results, and the advantages offered by the technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 6829768
TI  - Neonatal intestinal oxygen consumption during arterial hypoxemia.
AB  - In 12 chronically catheterized neonatal lambs, we determined intestinal tract
      blood flow (Qi) and O2 consumption (VO2i) at O2 contents of arterial blood (CaO2)
      ranging from 15.3 to 3.2 ml O2/dl blood. We measured Qi with the radioactive
      microsphere technique and computed intestinal O2 delivery (DO2i), VO2i, and O2
      extraction (VO2i/DO2i) using the Fick principle. In lambs breathing air, mean Qi
      = 214 ml X min-1 X 100 g intestine-1, DO2i = 27.0 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g-1, O2
      extraction = 21%, and VO2i = 5.6 ml O2 Xmin-1 X 100 g-1. During reductions in
      CaO2, Qi and DO2i decreased. Intestinal O2 extraction increased sufficiently,
      however, so that VO2i was maintained over the range of CaO2 from 15.3 to about
      6.5 ml O2/dl blood. VO2i was independent of Qi at Qi greater than 160 ml X min-1
      X 100 g-1. When CaO2 was reduced below values of 6.5 ml O2/dl blood,
      corresponding to Qi less than 160 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, VO2i fell in association
      with increases in the H+ concentration difference between mesenteric venous and
      arterial blood. These data indicate that the intestinal tract of the neonatal
      lamb can meet its oxygen requirements when O2 supply varies over a wide range.
      When O2 availability reaches a critically low level, intestinal anaerobic
      metabolism develops as the O2 supply to the neonatal intestinal tract becomes
      inadequate for the O2 demand.

PMID- 6829769
TI  - Migrating action-potential complexes in vitro in cholera-exposed rabbit ileum.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether cholera-exposed rabbit ileum
      exhibits altered myoelectric activity in vitro, without central nervous system
      connections. Whole-cell lysate of Vibrio cholerae, 100 mg in 1 ml saline, was
      injected into the jejunum of New Zealand White rabbits. Segments of ileum were
      removed at 12 and 24 h after inoculation and studied in vitro using myoelectric
      recording techniques. Propagating ring contractions were visualized and
      corresponded to intense action-potential activity that propagated over
      consecutive electrode sites. This altered myoelectric activity was similar to the
      previously described migrating action-potential complex (MAPC) in vivo after
      infection of rabbit ileum with live V. cholerae, its wholecell lysate, or the
      purified enterotoxin choleragen, with one exception. All MAPC activity propagated
      aborally in the in vivo-infected loops; in contrast 26% of the MAPCs propagated
      retrograde in the in vitro loops. Control segments were injected with saline, and
      no in vitro MAPCs were observed. Thus, the MAPC stimulated by cholera toxin may
      be maintained by the enteric nervous system of the gut wall. Although a role for
      extrinsic nerves is not excluded, our observations suggest that the small
      intestine may work autonomously, independent of the central nervous system.

PMID- 6829771
TI  - Action of thiocyanate on pH gradient formation by gastric microsomal vesicles.
AB  - The effects of thiocyanate anion (SCN-) on proton accumulation and ATP hydrolysis
      by hog gastric microsomal vesicles have been investigated. The addition of SCN-
      to vesicles in the presence of KC1 and valinomycin reduced ATP-dependent proton
      accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition was most pronounced in the
      presence of internal SCN-, which was obtained by preincubation of vesicles with
      SCN- or by the addition of K+-valinomycin, which facilitates entry of SCN-. SCN-
      does not appear to act by inhibition of the vesicular H+ pump because 1) there
      were minimal effects of SCN- on the rate of ATP hydrolysis, and 2) the initial
      rate of pH gradient formation was greater with 20 mM SCN- than with 20 mM Cl-. In
      the presence of K+ and valinomycin, external SCN- inhibited ATP-dependent pH
      gradient formation by increasing the rate of proton efflux. Preformed pH
      gradients (acid interior) were rapidly dissipated by internal, but not external,
      SCN-. These results suggest that SCN- acts to increase the rate of passive proton
      loss from the vesicle interior and do not support a direct inhibition of ATP
      dependent H+ translocation. The results are consistent with the formation of the
      permeant hydrothiocyanic acid within the vesicles, increasing the rate of proton
      loss. The data also lend support to the HSCN backflux hypothesis of Sanders et
      al. [Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Endocrinol. Metab. Gastrointest. Physiol. 3): E120
      E128, 1978] for inhibition of gastric acid secretion by SCN-.

PMID- 6829770
TI  - Separation of adaptive mucosal growth and transport after small bowel resection.
AB  - In rats 70% of the small bowel was resected with preservation of duodenum and
      terminal ileum. Two and four weeks later transport of sodium, chloride, water,
      and galactose was studied in duodenum and ileum. Controls were sham-operated and
      unoperated rats. There was significant mucosal growth 2 and 4 wk after resection.
      By 2 wk postresection transport specific activities (transport per gram mucosa)
      were generally decreased. Mucosal growth compensated only sufficiently so that
      transport capacities (transport per centimeter segment length) remained unaltered
      from controls. By 4 wk postresection transport specific activities had either
      increased or were unchanged from controls. Therefore, in association with mucosal
      growth, transport capacities increased. The major adaptive increases for
      electrolytes and water occurred in duodenum; ileum was the site of increased
      galactose transport. The data indicate that 1) mucosal growth and functional
      transport changes occur as separate adaptive phenomena and 2) adaptive transport
      mechanisms are selectively localized to particular regions of the intestine.

PMID- 6829772
TI  - Kinetics of zinc absorption by the rat jejunum: effects of adrenalectomy and
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Effects of dexamethasone and adrenalectomy on the kinetics of jejunal 65Zn uptake
      and absorption were studied in the anesthetized adult rat. The jejunal lumen was
      perfused in situ with 5 mM glucose in 150 mM saline containing 65Zn and
      [14C]polyethylene glycol as volume marker. Over the 30-min perfusion period, the
      rate of net 65Zn removal from the perfusate was biexponential due to the
      establishment of a return flux to the lumen. An open two-compartment model
      satisfactorily describes these observations: (formula; see text) Dexamethasone (2
      mg/kg ip 7 h before perfusion) increased k12 by 75% (P less than 0.0002) and
      decreased k20 by 45% (P less than 0.04). Both effects were independent of
      adrenalectomy. Mathematical simulations using the compartmental model and
      experimentally determined kinetic constants predicted that transfer of 65Zn into
      the body should be enhanced by adrenalectomy and retarded by dexamethasone
      administered to adrenalectomized rats. Dexamethasone and adrenalectomy thus
      differentially affect Zn uptake and absorption in this system, suggesting a
      possible adrenocortical hormone involvement in the regulation of Zn absorption.
      These changes are apparently not mediated via metallothionein.

PMID- 6829773
TI  - A new method for estimating intestinal capillary pressure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the venous occlusion method for
      measuring capillary pressure with the stop-flow isovolumetric method in the cat
      small intestine. Venous occlusion pressures were determined from the inflection
      point of the venous pressure tracing after sudden occlusion of the venous outflow
      cannula. Venous occlusion pressure was highly correlated (r = 0.98, P less than
      0.01) with stop-flow capillary pressure. This finding indicates that the major
      sites of fluid filtration and vascular capacitance reside at the same segment of
      the intestinal microcirculation. The venous occlusion method is a relatively
      simple technique for measuring whole-organ capillary pressure that is not
      constrained by the technical difficulties associated with volumetric/gravimetric
      techniques.

PMID- 6829774
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to acute carboxyhemoglobinemia in the rat.
AB  - The effects of carbon monoxide on the hemodynamics of the adult rat were
      investigated. A number of parameters were measured using an open-chest,
      chloralose-urethan anesthetized preparation. Our experiments showed this
      anesthetic agent to have several advantages over pentobarbital sodium. One group
      inhaled 150 ppm CO for 0.5-2 h, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) reaching 16%. Heart
      rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, dF/dtmax (aortic), and stroke volume rose
      significantly; mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left
      ventricular systolic pressure fell, whereas stroke work, left ventricular
      dP/dtmax, and stroke power changed little. These effects were evident at a HbCO
      saturation as low as 7.5% (0.5 h). A second group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 5-48 h,
      HbCO reaching 35-38%. The same parameters changed in the same direction as in the
      first group, with mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance remaining
      depressed, while heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume
      remained elevated. Heart rate and arterial systolic pressure were also monitored
      in conscious rats; rats in one group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 24 h, and rats in a
      second group were injected with a bubble of pure CO ip. In both cases heart rate
      was sharply elevated and blood pressure depressed as HbCO saturation increased.
      Both parameters recovered on CO washout. There was no significant difference
      between the response to inhaled vs. injected CO.

PMID- 6829775
TI  - Increased sensitivity to angiotensin in uterine arteries from pregnant rabbits.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the vascular reactivity intrinsic to uterine
      and femoral arterial smooth muscle from pregnant (0.92 term) and nonpregnant
      rabbits to angiotensin II (ANG II), norepinephrine (NE), and potassium chloride
      (KCl) using the isolated helical strip technique. Comparing dose-response
      relations, arteries from both groups were equally sensitive to NE and KCl.
      Uterine arteries from pregnant rabbits, however, exhibited a greater sensitivity
      to the vasoconstricting effects of ANG II (P less than 0.01). This selective
      increase in sensitivity to ANG II was not observed in femoral arteries. The
      altered ANG II response in uterine arteries from pregnant rabbits was unaffected
      by pretreatment with cocaine or phenoxybenzamine, thus ruling out an adrenergic
      mechanism mediating the response. In addition, evaluation of saralasin affinity
      (KB) for the uterine arterial ANG II receptor suggested that it was not altered
      in pregnancy. However, preincubation of uterine arteries from pregnant rabbits
      with meclofenamate or indomethacin consistently attenuated the ANG II response (P
      less than 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated that 1) uterine arteries from
      term pregnant rabbits show a selective and specific enhancement to ANG II
      vasoconstriction, and 2) this increased response of ANG II results from the local
      ANG II stimulation of synthesis of prostaglandins by the uterine arterial wall
      that have a net vasoconstricting action.

PMID- 6829776
TI  - Outward current and repolarization in hypoxic rat myocardium.
AB  - We studied the effects of brief periods (20-30 min) of hypoxia in the presence of
      5 and 50 mM glucose and of glycolytic blockade (10(-4) M iodoacetic acid, IAA) on
      action potentials, membrane currents, and mechanical activity in rat ventricular
      papillary muscles using a single sucrose gap voltage-clamp technique. Steady
      state outward current (iss) was determined at the end of a 500-ms clamp to the
      test potential following a 600-ms clamp to a holding potential of -50 mV. In the
      presence of 5 mM glucose, hypoxia resulted in a decrease in action potential
      duration (APD) and an increase in iss (on the order of 60% at 0 mV) over the
      potential range studied. The increase in iss did not appear to be due to an
      increase in leakage current or to a change in the cable properties of the
      preparation. Addition of 50 mM glucose prevented the change in both APD and iss
      with hypoxia. In addition, glycolytic blockade with IAA did not alter iss in the
      presence of oxygen. We conclude that an increase in iss appears to be a major
      factor in the abbreviation of rat ventricular action potential seen with hypoxia.
      Glycolysis appears to be a sufficient (with 50 mM glucose) but not necessary
      source of energy for the maintenance of normal iss.

PMID- 6829777
TI  - Effect of antiplatelet antibody on platelet shape change, volume, and morphology.
AB  - We extended our studies of the effect of antibody on human platelets. Monomeric
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) (rabbit) antiplatelet antibody was interacted with human
      platelets in the absence of complement and the early morphological changes
      monitored. Platelet shape change, assessed by a rheooptical approach, was noted
      within 20 s and was proportional to antibody concentration. Antiplatelet antibody
      induced shape change was also accompanied by a change in apparent platelet
      volume, as measured in the resistive particle counter. Scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy confirmed a disk-to-sphere transformation associated with the
      formation of bulbous, short surface projections or pseudopodia. In contrast, ADP
      induced disk-to-sphere transformation was associated with the development of
      long, thin filopodia emanating from the platelet. These specific effects of
      antiplatelet antibody may result in altered platelet function.

PMID- 6829778
TI  - Cardiopulmonary reflexes and arterial pressure during rest and exercise in dogs.
AB  - Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were monitored at
      rest and during exercise of two grades of severity in conscious dogs under
      control conditions and after progressive interruption of the baroreflexes. Aortic
      arch denervation and vascular isolation and pressurization of the carotid sinuses
      were used to interrupt arterial baroreflexes. Subsequent interruption of
      cardiopulmonary afferents was produced by acute bilateral cervical vagotomy. The
      results indicate that 1) with the cardiopulmonary receptors alone operative, the
      arterial blood pressure response to exercise is abnormal, 2) cardiopulmonary
      receptors do not contribute to the moment-to-moment modulation of arterial
      pressure, and 3) the carotid sinuses, aortic arch, and cardiopulmonary receptors
      are all involved in determining the mean level of arterial blood pressure. It is
      concluded that vagally innervated cardiopulmonary receptors do not have a
      significant role in regulating arterial blood pressure during exercise but are
      involved in establishing the general level of arterial blood pressure.

PMID- 6829779
TI  - Effect of calcium antagonism on contractile behavior of canine hearts.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of prenylamine (P), verapamil (V), and nifedipine (N)
      were studied in open-chest, anesthetized dogs and in isolated, isovolumic dog
      hearts perfused at constant coronary blood flow (CBF). These drugs significantly
      decreased left ventricular pressure (LVP) and its maximal rates of rise (+P) and
      fall (-P). The tension developed by an isometric segment of the left ventricle
      and its maximal rates of rise (+T) and fall (-T) also decreased, whereas heart
      rate (HR) did not show statistically significant differences. Maximal rates of
      fall (-P and -T) were proportionally more depressed than maximal rates of rise
      (+P and +T), producing significant increments in the ratios between both maximal
      velocities (+P/-P and +T/-T). The time constant of LVP isovolumic decay tau was
      significantly prolonged, either in the whole animal or in isolated perfused
      hearts. The afterload reduction produced by the compounds can account in part for
      the increase in +P/-P but not for the increase in +T/-T or for the prolongation
      of tau. These relaxation indices remained unchanged after comparable myocardial
      depressions elicited by d,l-propranolol or pentobarbital sodium. It is concluded
      that calcium antagonist compounds are characterized by an "antirelaxant" effect,
      not explained by changes in HR, CBF, or loading conditions, and independent from
      their negative inotropic action.

PMID- 6829780
TI  - Changes in dog gracilis muscle adenosine during exercise and acetate infusion.
AB  - We have previously reported that tissue acetate content increases in the canine
      gracilis muscle during exercise at natural flow. We here report the effects of
      exercise and infusion of acetate on adenosine content. Muscles were vascularly
      isolated, perfused naturally, and stimulated to contract isometrically at 0.5,
      1.0, or 2.0 Hz for 10 min (n = 6 each). Exercising and contralateral control
      gracilis muscles were freeze clamped in situ in Wollenberger tongs at the
      temperature of liquid N2. Force development was maintained during contraction.
      Resistance decreased as a function of contraction frequency, and adenosine
      content increased. Tissue adenosine content correlated inversely with resistance
      (r = -0.57, P less than 0.001), suggesting a role for adenosine in exercise
      hyperemia. During intra-arterial infusion of sodium acetate into resting muscle,
      tissue acetate and adenosine contents increased (417-2,193 and 0.88-3.07 nmol/g,
      respectively), and vascular resistance decreased (17.5-6.01 mmHg X ml-1/min/100
      g). Acetate and adenosine contents correlated negatively with resistance (r = 
      0.83, P less than 0.001, and r = -0.60, P less than 0.05, respectively) and
      positively with one another (r = 0.58, P less than 0.05). Relative to an infusion
      of sodium chloride, oxygen consumption, venous PO2, and venous ionized calcium
      were unaffected. The vasodilatory effect of acetate may be due, in part, to its
      ability to increase tissue adenosine.

PMID- 6829781
TI  - Regulation of coronary blood flow: effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol and theophylline.

PMID- 6829783
TI  - Automated limb blood flow plethysmograph.
AB  - An automated limb blood flow plethysmograph has been developed and interfaced to
      a PDP-11/60 computer. This system automatically inflates blood pressure cuffs,
      calibrates strain gauges, provides real-time display of limb circumference
      changes, and provides digital output of limb blood flow and real-time graphic
      display of cuff pressure. The system has been designed to require a minimum
      amount of user interaction by providing automatic calibration in situ, which is
      initiated by depressing a switch, and automatic venous cuff inflation, which
      initiates computer analysis of blood flow data. Digital and graphic display of
      blood flow is provided on a computer terminal 12 s after the start of venous
      occlusion. All raw data are stored on a disk for optional postexperiment
      analysis, which enables each blood flow curve to be graphically displayed and
      reanalyzed under user control. Calculated data are stored on a disk for output to
      a line printer at the conclusion of an experiment. A trend plot of all analyzed
      blood flows can be displayed on a computer terminal anytime during an experiment.

PMID- 6829782
TI  - Mechanisms of protection against stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine mechanisms by which sympathetic nerves
      protect against cerebral hemorrhage and ischemic infarction (i.e., "stroke") in
      stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). When unilateral superior
      cervical ganglionectomy was performed in SHRSP at 1 mo of age, development of
      cerebral vascular hypertrophy was inhibited and stroke developed only in the
      denervated hemisphere in 79% of the rats (P less than 0.05). Because "trophic"
      effects of sympathetic nerves on vascular growth may be less in older animals,
      unilateral sympathetic denervation was performed in SHRSP at 3 mo of age. The
      incidence of stroke was similar in the innervated and denervated hemispheres. In
      another group of rats that had unilateral ganglionectomy at 1 mo, we examined
      regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) when the rats were 4-5 mo of age, before
      neurologic signs of stroke. CBF, measured with microspheres, was similar in the
      innervated and denervated hemispheres during control conditions and during
      maximal vasodilatation produced by bicuculline. In contrast, when mean arterial
      pressure was raised acutely, CBF increased more in the denervated hemisphere than
      in the innervated hemisphere. We conclude that 1) in contrast to effects of
      denervation at 1 mo, sympathetic denervation at 3 mo of age (when trophic effects
      are less) does not lead to stroke, and 2) chronic denervation impairs the
      cerebral vasoconstrictor response to acute increases in arterial pressure.

PMID- 6829784
TI  - Pulmonary vascular responses to histamine in sheep.

PMID- 6829785
TI  - Ventricular filling pressure as a determinant of coronary blood flow during
      ischemia.
AB  - The role of ventricular filling pressure (VFP) as a determinant of coronary blood
      flow (CBF) in the acutely ischemic ventricle was examined in the open-chest dog
      under conditions of a reduced, constant coronary artery pressure and an unstable
      VFP. Blood delivery to different layers of the ventricle and ischemic metabolic
      changes occurring in these layers were also determined and compared with
      appropriate control data. A close, inverse, linear relationship between VFP and
      CBF was found in animals exhibiting a progressive rise in VFP from 6 +/- 0 to 25
      +/- 1 mmHg (r = 0.99). A lower endocardial-to-epicardial ratio of delivered blood
      and a steeper transmural gradient in ischemic metabolic changes were noted in
      these animals compared with similarly prepared animals exhibiting a stable VFP.
      The findings demonstrate the importance of VFP as a determinant of CBF during
      ischemia, and they lend support to the concept that blood flow in the ischemic
      ventricle is regulated by a preload-dependent transmural gradient in coronary
      driving pressure.

PMID- 6829788
TI  - Pericardial superfusion to measure cardiac interstitial adenosine concentration.
AB  - The steady-state concentration of adenosine in pericardial superfusates, [Ado]SS,
      may estimate the concentration in the cardiac interstitium. As reaching a steady
      state may sometimes require many minutes, the concentration at an earlier time is
      often used as an index of [Ado]SS. The latter assumes that the rate of approach
      to [Ado]SS is uniform and insensitive to perturbations of cardiac oxygen usage
      (MVO2). In 11 open-chest dogs superfusate adenosine rose at a rate (+/- SD) of
      0.53 +/- 0.99/min to an [Ado]SS of 68 +/- 32. The mean rate of equilibration has
      a very large coefficient of variation, indicating substantial dog-to-dog
      variation. In five dogs the rate of equilibration during the second of successive
      superfusions was significantly lower than the first. Raising MVO2 by cardiac
      pacing or isoproterenol infusion changed neither the rate of equilibration nor
      [Ado]SS. Aortic constriction or propranolol slowed equilibration but had no
      effect on [Ado]SS. Thus superfusate adenosine concentration early in the course
      of equilibration seems an unreliable index of [Ado]SS. That interventions that
      change MVO2 do not change [Ado]SS from control means either that [Ado]SS fails to
      reflect the concentration in the vicinity of the coronary resistance vessels or,
      alternatively, that adenosine does not regulate coronary blood flow.

PMID- 6829786
TI  - Reflex modulation of carotid sinus baroreceptor activity in the dog.
AB  - Carotid sinus baroreceptor (CBR) sensitivity may be increased by electrical
      stimulation of sympathetic nerves passing to the carotid sinus region. It remains
      unknown if reflexly induced changes in efferent sympathetic discharge affect CBR
      function. In 17 anesthetized dogs, we reflexly induced alterations in sympathetic
      discharge and recorded CBR activity originating from a vascularly isolated
      carotid sinus. The stimulus to the baroreceptors was pulsatile with constant mean
      and pulse pressure. Occlusion of the contralateral common carotid artery (n = 6)
      resulted in a reflex increase in arterial pressure (116 +/- 10 to 153 +/- 14
      mmHg) and an increase (121 +/- 2% of control) in baroreceptor activity (P less
      than 0.05). Inferior vena caval occlusion (n = 6), which induced a reduction in
      arterial pressure (145 +/- 19 to 75 +/- 21 mmHg), also provoked an increase (141
      +/- 10% of control) in baroreceptor discharge (P less than 0.05). Raising
      pressure (to 200 mmHg) in the contralateral carotid sinus (n = 7) resulted in a
      reflex decrease in arterial pressure (169 +/- 16 to 129 +/- 13 mmHg) and a
      reduction (82 +/- 3% of control) in baroreceptor activity (P less than 0.05). The
      changes in baroreceptor discharge were abolished by ipsilateral cervical
      sympathectomy or ganglionic blockade (n = 4). Our findings demonstrate that
      reflexly induced alterations in the activity of sympathetic fibers innervating
      the carotid sinuses can modulate baroreceptor discharge.

PMID- 6829787
TI  - Potentiation of slow action potentials with theophylline or "micro" adenosine
      deaminase.
AB  - The effects of endogenous adenosine on rat atrial and ventricular slow action
      potentials (AP) were studied using theophylline, an adenosine receptor
      antagonist, or "micro" adenosine deaminase (mADA), small polypeptides having
      adenosine deaminase activity. Exogenous adenosine (10(-6) M) depressed slow APs
      at low and high isoproterenol concentrations and shifted the isoproterenol dose
      response curve to the right in the atrium. In the ventricle, exogenous adenosine
      inhibited slow APs at low isoproterenol doses and only shifted the bottom of the
      dose-response relationship to the right. mADA (0.84 U) or theophylline (5 X 10(
      5) M) potentiated the response to threshold concentrations of isoproterenol and
      caused a parallel shift of the curve to the left in the atrium but only shifted
      the bottom portion of the curve in the ventricle. This potentiation of slow APs
      in the presence of mADA or theophylline suggests that endogenous adenosine
      attenuates the response to isoproterenol in cardiac muscle.

PMID- 6829789
TI  - Early transient depletion of extracellular Ca during individual cardiac muscle
      contractions.
AB  - Extracellular free [Ca] in rabbit papillary muscles was monitored using double
      barreled Ca microelectrodes. These electrodes had tip diameters of 4-12 microns,
      electrical time constants of 2-5 ms, and electrochemical time constants of less
      than 30 ms. During individual beats a transient depletion of extracellular Ca
      (CaO) was recorded. This decrease of [Ca]O begins very early during the action
      potential, before significant tension development, and reaches a maximum much
      before the peak of developed tension (T). The depletion of CaO is blocked by
      CoCl2 or verapamil and enhanced by 10(-8) M isoproterenol or reduction of
      extracellular Na concentration to 35 mM. The magnitude of this early depletion of
      CaO increases in parallel with tension as a function of [Ca]O (8.46 +/- 0.98
      microM at 0.2 mM CaO, 16.9 +/- 1.6 microM at 0.5 mM CaO, and 44.7 +/- 3.7 microM
      at 2.0 mM CaO). However the magnitude (in mV) of the recorded signal decreases
      with increasing [Ca]O and T, suggestive of saturation. The magnitude of this
      early transient CaO depletion also increases in parallel with the increase of T
      produced by initiating stimulation from rest (except for the first beat, which
      may be more dependent on stored Ca). It is probable that the depletions recorded
      represent Ca influx into cardiac cells from the extracellular space. The
      magnitude of Ca influx represented by the CaO depletions is difficult to
      quantitate but may be roughly in the range of Ca entry that would be required for
      direct activation of the myofilaments.

PMID- 6829790
TI  - Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats.
AB  - Alterations in trabecular bone were observed in growing male Wistar rats after
      18.5 days of orbital flight on the COSMOS 1129 biosatellite. Spaceflight induced
      a decreased mass of mineralized tissue and an increased fat content of the bone
      marrow in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses. The osteoblast population
      appeared to decline immediately adjacent to the growth cartilage-metaphyseal
      junction, but osteoclast numbers were unchanged. These results suggested that
      bone formation may have been inhibited during spaceflight, but resorption
      remained constant. With the exception of trabecular bone mass in the proximal
      tibia, the observed skeletal changes returned to normal during a 29-day
      postflight period.

PMID- 6829792
TI  - Bone resorption and mineral excretion in rats during spaceflight.
AB  - Bone resorption was measured directly in flight and synchronous control rats
      during COSMOS 1129. Continuous tracer administration techniques were used, with
      replacement of dietary calcium with isotopically enriched 40Ca and measurement by
      neutron activation analysis of the 48Ca released by the skeleton. There is no
      large change in bone resorption in rats at the end of 20 days of spaceflight as
      has been found for bone formation. Based on the time course of changes, the
      measured 20-25% decrease in resorption is probably secondary to a decrease in
      total body calcium turnover. The excretion of sodium, potassium, and zinc all
      increase during flight, sodium and potassium to a level four to five times
      control values.

PMID- 6829791
TI  - Effect of spaceflight on the non-weight-bearing bones of rat skeleton.
AB  - Male Wistar rats prelabeled with tetracycline to mark surfaces of bone and tooth
      formation-mineralization were placed into orbit for 18.5 days aboard the Soviet
      COSMOS-1129 Biosatellite. They were injected with tetracycline for a second and
      third time on the 6th and 27th days, respectively, after recovery of the
      Biosatellite. Spaceflight did not alter the rate of periosteal bone formation in
      the non-weight-bearing ribs and regions of the mandibles, which were covered by
      masticatory muscles. Bone formation-calcification rates were impaired at those
      sites in the jaw that had no contiguous muscle (molar region). The remodeling
      activity on the alveolar bone around the buccal roots of the molar teeth was
      significantly reduced but without creating a negative balance between formative
      and resorptive activities. Total Ca, P, and hydroxyproline concentrations in the
      jaws, incisors, and ribs were normal after spaceflight, but gravity density
      fractionation studies indicated that in the jaws alone, O-G conditions caused a
      delay in the maturation of bone mineral and matrix. A 29-day postflight recovery
      period at earth's gravity was sufficient to fully correct these anomalies.
      Relative to tooth formation, relatively normal circadian and infradian
      biorhythmic periodicities of Ca and P in dentin and enamel were maintained during
      spaceflight. We conclude that most of the non-weight-bearing bones of the rat
      skeleton are at risk to the effects of hypogravity.

PMID- 6829793
TI  - Effects of weightlessness on body composition in the rat.
AB  - Five male rats were exposed to 18.5 days of weightlessness in the Soviet mission
      COSMOS 1129 (flight group) and killed after reentry. They were immediately
      dissected into three major body subdivisions: musculoskeletal system, skin, and
      pooled viscera analyzed for fat, water, solids, and six elements. These results,
      expressed as percentages of the fat-free body or its components, were compared
      with two groups of terrestrial controls: one subjected to a flight simulation in
      a spacecraft mock-up and the other under standard vivarium conditions. Relative
      to the control groups the flight group showed 1) a reduced fraction of total body
      water, 2) a net shift of body water from skin to viscera, 3) a marked diminution
      in fraction of extracellular water in the fat-free body, 4) a marked reduction in
      fraction of bone mineral, 5) no change in the quantity of stored fat or adrenal
      masses, and 6) a net increase in total muscle mass as indicated by total body
      creatine, protein, and body cell mass.

PMID- 6829794
TI  - Feeding after recovery from 2-deoxyglucose injection: cerebral and peripheral
      factors.
AB  - Rats increased food intake 6 h after peripheral and intracerebroventricular
      injections of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) when plasma glucose concentrations had
      returned to normal from elevated levels. Rats with adrenal demedullation did not
      become hyperglycemic after injection of 2-DG and increased food intake more than
      normal animals after peripheral, but not ventricular, injections of 2-DG.
      Peripheral injections of 2-DG inhibited gastric emptying in normal, but not
      adrenal demedullated, rats. Intravenous infusions of epinephrine into normal
      rats, which mimicked some of the physiological effects of peripheral 2-DG
      injection, did not increase food intake. The results indicate that a prior
      disruption of cerebral metabolism is sufficient to elicit feeding in the absence
      of an adrenomedullary response and that increased gastric fill may restrain the
      increase in food intake produced by a previous cerebral emergency.

PMID- 6829796
TI  - Effect of genetic obesity on the regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 6829795
TI  - Aphagia and adipsia after kainic acid lesioning of the dorsomedial hypothalamic
      area.
AB  - Unlike rats which have electrolytic dorsomedial hypothalamic area lesions and are
      hypophagic and hypodipsic, the rats of the present study with dorsomedial
      hypothalamic area, kainic acid lesions (KAL) were postoperatively aphagic and
      adipsic. Subsequently, KAL rats rejected chow or a high-fat diet but ate a 30%
      sucrose-chow diet. Similarly the KAL rats were adipsic but drank a 30% sucrose
      solution. Slowly most of the KAL rats began to eat chow and drink tap water but
      remained hypophagic and hypodipsic. When tested for glucoprivic-induced feeding
      using 2-deoxy-D-glucose (200 or 400 mg/kg) the KAL rats, in contrast to the sham
      operated controls, did not increase their food intake. During water deprivation
      the recovered KAL rats that would drink tap water ate, and following it they
      responded with an adequate increase in water consumption. During food deprivation
      the KAL rats, whether eating chow or sucrose-chow diet, drank, and subsequently
      the normally hypophagic rats actually ate more than the controls. Although the
      growth rate (linear and ponderal) of KAL rats was reduced compared with that of
      the controls, their body composition by indirect measurement was normal. The
      present data indicate that most of the dorsomedial hypothalamic syndrome results
      from damage to DMHA neurons and not to fibers of passage.

PMID- 6829798
TI  - Regressive alterations of the self concept.
AB  - When clinicians formulate a case for treatment by dynamic psychotherapy they
      include an assessment of ego functions, including the capacity for self
      symbolization. Terminology for this purpose has been diffusely defined. This
      paper reviews concepts for describing self symbolization and emphasizes ways of
      describing the multiplicity of symbols present within any individual. Some
      regressive transference phenomena during treatment are briefly discussed to
      illustrate use of the suggested terminology in case formulation.

PMID- 6829797
TI  - Na+ absorption in Aplysia intestine: Na+ fluxes and intracellular Na+ and K+
      activities.
AB  - Microelectrodes were used to measure the potential difference (psi m) across the
      mucosal membrane of epithelial cells lining the villi of isolated Aplysia
      californica intestine. In substrate-free NaCl seawater medium psi m was -55.1 +/-
      1.2 mV. The cell interior was negative relative to the mucosal bathing solution.
      Intracellular K+ activity, determined in the absorptive cells with single
      barreled liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes, was 383 +/- 15 mM. Since the
      calculated K+ equilibrium potential exceeds the membrane potential, K+ is
      accumulated by the intestinal absorptive cell. Intracellular Na+ activity (aiNa)
      was also determined in the intestinal cells of Aplysia with single-barreled
      liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes and was 17.2 +/- 2.5 mM. aiNa was much less
      than that predicted by the electrochemical equilibrium value for Na+ across the
      mucosal membrane. From these data the steady-state transapical Na+ and K+
      electrochemical potential differences were calculated. Serosal ouabain abolished
      net sodium absorption as determined by flux measurements. These results are
      consistent with the operation of a basolateral Na+ - K+ pump.

PMID- 6829800
TI  - The multiple functions of the state mental hospital.
AB  - This report identifies and quantifies the multiple manifest and latent functions
      of the state mental hospital, using data collected by the National Institute of
      Mental Health. The data reveal a complex institution providing over 500,000
      episodes of care for acute and chronic, voluntarily and involuntarily admitted
      inpatients and 300,000 episodes of care for the most seriously disturbed and
      disadvantaged outpatients. In addition, state hospitals employ over 200,000
      individuals and train over 3,300 professionals each year. The diversity and
      significance of these functions, as well as the failure of other institutions to
      supplant them, account for the endurance of the state mental hospital.

PMID- 6829799
TI  - The marriage of the "collapsible" man of prominence.
AB  - The authors describe a clinical entity encountered in the treatment of marital
      disorders, the marital relationship of the "collapsible" man of prominence. They
      describe the presenting complaints of 16 prominent men seeking psychiatric
      treatment. They then discuss the individual personality characteristics of these
      men and their wives and their marital dynamics. They conclude that the marital
      relationship of men of prominence is a key determinant of their psychological
      functioning, and that a breakdown in this relationship results in dire
      consequences not only for the husband himself but for the community and
      institutions in which he lives and functions.

PMID- 6829801
TI  - Are there sex biases in rape counseling?
AB  - To test the common assumption that only women should treat rape victims, the
      authors examined the effect of therapists' gender on their counseling of 41 rape
      victims. The men and women counselors did not differ significantly in their
      descriptions of their affective responses to the patients or in their treatment
      recommendations. The women therapists rated victims as having more functional
      impairment on the Global Assessment Scale, possibly suggesting that they were
      more sensitive to the victims' distress. The total group of therapists viewed the
      rape victims more positively than they viewed other female emergency room
      patients, probably reflecting "undesirable" characteristics of persons who use
      this setting.

PMID- 6829802
TI  - Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders, VII: urinary free
      cortisol and urinary MHPG in depressions.
AB  - The authors measured urinary free cortisol and urinary 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels in 24 severely depressed patients and 22 normal
      control subjects. Urinary free cortisol levels were significantly higher in the
      depressed patients than in the control subjects, but mean urinary MHPG levels
      were not significantly different in these two groups. A very high positive
      correlation between urinary MHPG levels and urinary free cortisol levels was
      found in the depressed patients but not in the control subjects.

PMID- 6829803
TI  - Are lawyers enemies of psychiatrists? A survey of civil commitment counsel and
      judges.
AB  - The author surveyed 101 attorneys and judges involved in civil commitment
      procedures to answer the question of how they view psychiatrists, mental
      hospitals, and the mentally ill. She found that these lawyers and judges tended
      to view psychiatrists in favorable terms, that their attitudes toward mental
      hospitals reflected their perception of the weaknesses of these hospitals and
      their view of hospitalization as a last resort, and that they tended to reject
      negative statements about the mentally ill. She discusses the effect of these
      attitudes on the behavior of lawyers and judges toward psychiatrists and the
      mentally ill in civil commitment hearings.

PMID- 6829806
TI  - Effects of weight loss on the dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - The authors studied postdexamethasone cortisol secretion in 18 depression-free,
      healthy, obese subjects before and after weight loss. Although all subjects
      suppressed cortisol normally before weight loss, 5 of 18 (27.5%) failed to
      suppress cortisol after an average loss of 13.5 kg. This failure to suppress
      cortisol was not associated with any change in depression ratings.

PMID- 6829805
TI  - The mythical readmissions explosion.
AB  - During the past decade and a half, readmissions increased substantially as a
      proportion of all admissions to state mental hospitals, and the absolute number
      of readmissions appeared to rise. These trends were interpreted widely, but
      incorrectly, as reflecting an accelerated rate of return to the hospitals by
      discharge patients. Most of the rise in the readmission percentage in New York
      State mental health facilities was due to a drop in first admissions, and the
      apparent increase in the number of readmissions was entirely accounted for by
      several statistical artifacts. There was no appreciable increase in the rate of
      patients' rehospitalization within given periods of time after their release.

PMID- 6829804
TI  - Psychiatric benefits and insurance regulation in Massachusetts: a national model?
AB  - The Massachusetts Mandatory Mental Health Insurance Act requires all health
      insurance plans in the state to cover mental illness. Because of their concerns
      that this law might be taken as a national model, the authors describe the
      problems encountered in implementing it and the conflicts between the insurance
      carriers and psychiatry. The authors attribute the problems to some insurance
      carriers' failure to deal directly with organized psychiatry in obtaining
      screening guidelines, the absence of psychiatrists on the carriers' central
      committees, and psychiatrists' generally indifferent and hostile attitudes toward
      the carriers. The authors describe recent improvements and recommendations based
      on 10 years of experience.

PMID- 6829807
TI  - Organic anxiety syndrome.
AB  - DSM-III defines and offers diagnostic criteria for organic affective, organic
      delusional, and organic personality syndromes but provides no organic personality
      syndromes but provides no organic equivalent for anxiety disorders. Nevertheless,
      symptoms of anxiety characterize such conditions as hyperthyroidism and
      pheochromocytoma. The authors define and formulate diagnostic criteria for an
      organic anxiety syndrome and discuss the theoretical and therapeutic
      implications.

PMID- 6829809
TI  - Survey analysis of combat-related stress disorders in Viet Nam veterans.

PMID- 6829808
TI  - Telephone prompting to increase attendance at a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic.
AB  - Although it has been commonly taught and has been reported elsewhere that
      telephone prompting increases the rate at which patients keep their first
      outpatient clinic appointment, this study indicated that the increased rate at
      which patients kept their first appointment was more likely related to
      socioeconomic factors (such as having a telephone) than to telephone prompting.
      The authors conclude that measures to improve services to patients need to be
      carefully scrutinized before one can assume that results following initiation of
      a new procedure are in fact due to that procedure.

PMID- 6829810
TI  - Cimetidine-imipramine interaction: a case report.

PMID- 6829811
TI  - Reversal of dexamethasone suppression test nonsuppression in alcohol abusers.
AB  - Of 75 detoxified alcohol-abusing inpatients given the dexamethasone suppression
      test (DST), 13 demonstrated nonsuppression and returned to normal suppression
      after 4 more weeks of abstinence. The authors question interpreting
      nonsuppression in alcohol abusers as indicating major depression without a
      significant period of abstinence.

PMID- 6829812
TI  - Psychiatric hospitals and private investment.

PMID- 6829813
TI  - Another case of doxepin for irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 6829815
TI  - Interactions of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 6829814
TI  - The assumption of psychopathology in psychiatric residents.

PMID- 6829817
TI  - Suggested etiologies of driving phobia.

PMID- 6829816
TI  - The opioid system in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 6829818
TI  - Income differentials among primary care physicians: organizational structure or
      deliberate choice?

PMID- 6829819
TI  - Breastfeeding and fertility control.

PMID- 6829820
TI  - Influenza vaccine: delivering the goods.

PMID- 6829821
TI  - Effects of breastfeeding on IUD performance.
AB  - The effect that lactation might have on intrauterine device (IUD) performance was
      investigated by using data from a series of multicenter clinical trials. Life
      table methods were applied to compare breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women
      with respect to IUD expulsion, accidental pregnancy, IUD removal for various
      reasons, and overall continuation of IUD use. Results indicate that breastfeeding
      does not increase the risk of expulsion or other events, whether the device is
      inserted immediately (within ten minutes) or more than 42 days after delivery.
      (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:384-388.)

PMID- 6829822
TI  - Patterns in hospitals' use of a regional poison information center.
AB  - A statewide poison center undertook a study to identify types of hospitals which
      used its information services. Initial trends in calls from hospitals to the
      center over the center's first two years and percentages of hospitals' patient
      caseloads for which the center consulted were analyzed for 104 acute care
      hospitals by hospitals' location, size, and emergency room staffing. After the
      center's establishment as a regional resource, emergency room staff in urban
      teaching hospitals showed the greatest increase in calls within a year (88 per
      cent) and the highest consultation rates for poison patients seen (57 per cent).
      Private physician emergency room staff, and staff in distant and rural hospitals,
      showed lower or no increases in calls and lower consultation rates. Findings
      suggest that private physician emergency room staff and staff in distant and
      rural hospitals be considered for poison center outreach. Marketing of
      consultation services for non-pediatric overdoses is also indicated.

PMID- 6829823
TI  - Prevalence and correlates of passive smoking.
AB  - The duration per week of exposure to others' tobacco smoke in different locations
      was tabulated from the questionnaire responses of 37,881 non-smokers and ex
      smokers who received multiphasic health checkups in 1979 and 1980. Altogether
      63.3 per cent of subjects reported some exposure, 34.5 per cent were exposed at
      least 10 hours per week, and 15.9 per cent at least 40 hours per week. Duration
      of exposure per week was weakly correlated with serum thiocyanate level in a
      small test group. Exposure was strongly related to age with a peak of 78.2 per
      cent in the twenties decade and an accelerating decline thereafter to 13.9 per
      cent in those age 80 and over. Sex and race were related to passive smoking only
      to a relatively small degree. Persons reporting longer exposures were more apt to
      report greater use of alcohol and marijuana, exposure to occupational hazards,
      and being currently not married. Lack of college education was most frequent
      among those denying exposure but was directly related to exposure duration among
      those reporting some passive smoking. Studies of the health effects of passive
      smoking should take into account these associated factors. Although the reported
      passive smoking of married persons was strongly related to their spouses' habits,
      categorization by spouses' smoking resulted in considerable misclassification.

PMID- 6829824
TI  - Supply, workload and utilization: a population-based analysis of surgery in rural
      Manitoba.
AB  - This paper explores the relationships among physician supply, workload (output
      per physician), and utilization (physician services per capita) in rural
      Manitoba. Surgery taking place within a patient's home area and that taking place
      outside this area are discussed. Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses are
      compared. Although the average surgeon does more surgical procedures than does
      the average general practitioner, the number of procedures performed varies
      greatly within each specialty. Individual physician workloads remained fairly
      stable over time when a surgically active physician moved into an area, while
      population utilization increased 17 per cent. When such physicians left an area,
      the surgical workloads of the physicians increased significantly (18.7 per cent)
      while population utilization stayed essentially the same. Both physician workload
      and surgical utilization in control areas increased gradually (between 6 and 7
      per cent) over the period studied. Several models of physician behavior were
      investigated using data on individual procedures as well as overall figures. A
      model emphasizing the importance of physician discretion appeared to provide the
      best fit with the data.

PMID- 6829825
TI  - Mental health treatment and medical care utilization in a fee-for-service system:
      outpatient mental health treatment following the onset of a chronic disease.
AB  - Charges for medical services of persons covered by the Blue Cross/Blue Shield
      Federal Employees Program from 1974 through 1978 who were first diagnosed as
      having one of four chronic diseases in 1975 and within one year began mental
      health treatment (MHT) were compared with persons who also were first diagnosed
      as having one of these diseases in 1975 but had no subsequent MHT. In the third
      year following the diagnosis, those having seven to 20 MHT visits had medical
      charges $309 lower and those having over 21 MHT visits had medical charges $284
      lower than the comparison group. The savings in medical charges over three years
      of the group having seven to 20 MHT visits were a function of lower use of
      inpatient services and roughly equaled the cost of 20 MHT visits. Outpatient
      mental health treatment can be included in a fee-for-service medical care system
      to improve the quality and appropriateness of care and, if not extensive, may
      also serve to lower medical care costs.

PMID- 6829826
TI  - Caring for Southeast Asian refugee patients in the USA.
AB  - This paper concerns care of refugees from Southeast Asia who speak little English
      and are relatively unfamiliar with the formal health care system in the United
      States. It aims to demystify the behaviors of refugee patients and to support
      health practitioners who are attempting to care for them. Western medicine is
      discussed in terms of the expectations that refugees tend to hold of it, and of
      the conflicts with Southeast Asian beliefs and practices which it presents.
      Despite language differences, health care agents can increase the effectiveness
      of their communication with persons from Southeast Asia, primarily by allowing
      for their viewpoints. Topics discussed are: the first encounter with a refugee
      patient; use of interpreters; obtaining informed consent; "the passive obedient"
      patient; the "non-compliant" patient; body image; sources of social support for
      healing; use of medications; traditional self-care practices; and death and
      depression.

PMID- 6829828
TI  - A hospital-based influenza immunization program, 1977-78.
AB  - An influenza immunization program on General Medicine inpatient and outpatient
      units immunized a greater proportion of patients than did physicians on medical
      subspecialty units. Many patients hospitalized with influenza and other
      respiratory conditions had been discharged earlier in the year or seen in
      outpatient clinics. Previous hospital care may be a useful marker for identifying
      many high-risk patients who could receive influenza vaccine in organized programs
      for hospital-based immunization. (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:442-445.)

PMID- 6829827
TI  - Beyond the statistics of adolescent smoking.
AB  - Statistical studies can identify the demographic characteristics of the
      adolescent smoking population but cannot reveal how clusters of demographic
      categories combine in the culture of the community to form salient social
      categories, or how social processes link these categories to smoking and smoking
      related behavior. Because smoking and smoking-related behavior function as a key
      social symbol, anti-smoking campaigns that are based on an inaccurate
      understanding of the social context in which smoking occurs can reinforce this
      behavior. Participant observation in a suburban high school suggests that
      adolescents begin smoking as part of a complex symbolic process growing out of
      the process of social differentiation between future members of the working class
      on the one hand and the middle class on the other. It points out inadequacies in
      two existing anti-smoking programs in the schools that result from ignoring the
      social dynamics of smoking.

PMID- 6829829
TI  - Smoking cessation in a prospective study of healthy adult males: effects of age,
      time period, and amount smoked.
AB  - The present study examined effects on smoking cessation of three variables
      chronological age, time period, and amount smoked-in 637 healthy male smokers
      aged 22-69 at baseline. Subjects were followed from 1962-1975 using life table
      procedures. Age was not significantly related to quitting rates (p = .150). The
      amount smoked effect approached significance (p = .096) with rates of quitting
      progressively lower at higher consumption levels. Powerful time-period effects
      were found (p = .008). Incidence rates of quitting increased from 1962-1970,
      after which a marked decline occurred. (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:446-450.)

PMID- 6829830
TI  - On comparison of age- and race-specific abortion ratios.

PMID- 6829831
TI  - On the usefulness and ethics of chemical testing of children.

PMID- 6829832
TI  - Anterior cruciate deficient knee.

PMID- 6829834
TI  - Reconstruction for chronic scapuloclavicular instability.
AB  - Seventeen young patients with chronic scapuloclavicular instability were treated
      with tendon graft reconstruction. Sixteen patients had sustained a Type III and
      one sustained a Type II injury according to Allman's classification (Allman, FL:
      Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. J Bone
      Joint Surg 49A: 774-784, 1967). Both the coracoclavicular ligaments and the
      ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint were reconstructed. The operation was
      performed an average of 7.6 months after injury. The followup was from 8 months
      to 18 years, averaging 5.1 years. After surgery, 12 patients returned to heavy or
      moderately heavy work and eight engaged in athletics. All patients regained
      normal motion and muscle strength, except for one patient with posttraumatic
      hemiplegia. None required further surgery. Followup x-ray films showed no
      instability or degenerative changes.

PMID- 6829833
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the semitendinosus tendon.
      Histological study of a case.

PMID- 6829835
TI  - Fracture of the patella during a golf swing following reconstruction of the
      anterior cruciate ligament. A case report.

PMID- 6829836
TI  - Allergic reaction to aromatic ammonia inhalant ampule. A case report.

PMID- 6829837
TI  - Spinal cord injury resulting from scuba diving.

PMID- 6829838
TI  - An EMG analysis of the shoulder in throwing and pitching. A preliminary report.
AB  - Five male subjects' throwing and pitching motions were analyzed by dynamic
      electromyography and high speed photography. Electrodes inserted into the deltoid
      and rotator cuff muscles attempted to define muscle activation patterns during
      the throwing and pitching cycle. The wind-up or preparation (Stage I) had no
      consistent pattern. Cocking (Stage II) had a sequential muscle activation pattern
      of first deltoid activity, followed by the S.I.T. muscles and finally by the
      subscapularis muscle. Acceleration (Stage III) had a lack of muscle activity,
      even though the arm was accelerating forward in space. Follow-through (Stage IV)
      was the most active stage with all the muscles firing intensely. The muscle
      patterns observed during the cycle were largely characteristic of attempts to
      decelerate the arm.

PMID- 6829839
TI  - Hypervitaminosis A. Case report in an adolescent soccer player.

PMID- 6829841
TI  - Comments on Olympic Sports medicine. The Modern Pentathlon.

PMID- 6829840
TI  - Trauma on eight wheels. A study of roller skating injuries in Seattle.
AB  - Thirty-five fractures secondary to roller skating accidents from March 15 to
      October 1, 1979 were treated in the University of Washington-affiliated
      hospitals. Twenty-eight involved the wrist and elbow. Only three were in
      skeletally immature individuals. Sixty-three percent of the patients were female
      with the 20- to 34-year-old age group the most commonly involved. A fall, usually
      backwards, onto outstretched arms and hands was the most frequent mechanism of
      injury. A detailed study of the popular outdoor skating area in Seattle, Green
      Lake, indicated that more than 75% of the injuries occurred on sloped surfaces
      with otherwise favorable environmental conditions. Most people were either first
      time skaters or had not skated since childhood. Based on our study, we recommend:
      (1) skating on level, familiar terrain; (2) learning to skate in a sparsely
      congested area; (3) skating with experienced partners who can give instructions;
      and (4) using protective equipment, such as knee and elbow pads and rigid wrist
      splints.

PMID- 6829842
TI  - The heel pad.

PMID- 6829843
TI  - Recurrent compartment syndrome in the posterior thigh.

PMID- 6829844
TI  - Immobilization fails in the treatment of the initial traumatic anterior
      dislocation of the shoulder.

PMID- 6829846
TI  - Mucoepidermoid and squamous cell carcinomas of breast with reference to squamous
      metaplasia and giant cell tumors.
AB  - Clinical and pathologic features of five low-grade mucoepidermoid and a similar
      number of squamous cell carcinomas of breast are presented. Three of each were
      retrieved from 55 cases of invasive breast cancer previously assessed to exhibit
      squamous metaplasia. Although the estimated incidence of low-grade mucoepidermoid
      cancers is approximately 0.2%, they may be more frequent, masquerading under
      designations of squamous metaplasia or intracystic carcinomas. All patients with
      low-grade mucoepidermoid cancer, and the two recorded previously, were free of
      recurrence for 4-10 years. No high-grade mucoepidermoid cancers were found.
      Squamous cell cancers frequently have a phyllode configuration (carcinoma
      phyllodes). Two examined by electron microscopy revealed a commonality of
      ultrastructural features with similar tumors of other sites. None exhibited
      glandular differentiation or tinctorial evidence of mucin secretion. One squamous
      cell carcinoma contained both malignant epithelial and banal, osteoclast-like,
      stromal giant cells. Only the latter were identified in tissue culture. This
      experience and review of the literature prompted a nosologic characterization of
      giant cell lesions of breast. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma succumbed
      because of her disease; the remainder are either free of or alive with recurrence
      at 4 and 10 years.

PMID- 6829845
TI  - Acute volar compartment syndrome secondary to distal radius fracture in an
      athlete. A case report.

PMID- 6829847
TI  - [Biochemical basis for the feasibility of intrauterine prevention and treatment
      of antenatal pathology].

PMID- 6829848
TI  - [Mechanism of increased fetal resistance to hypoxia (experimental study)].

PMID- 6829849
TI  - [Features of the pathogenesis of hypoxia and hypothermia in pregnant women and
      their fetuses].

PMID- 6829851
TI  - [Primary prevention of obstetric pathology].

PMID- 6829853
TI  - [Analysis of the value of quantitative analysis of the amplitude of fetal heart
      sounds in the detection of fetal distress during pregnancy].

PMID- 6829852
TI  - [Importance of determining the duration of ECG intervals to the diagnosis of
      fetal disorders].

PMID- 6829857
TI  - [Functional diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency in newborn infants].

PMID- 6829854
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the sex of the fetus].

PMID- 6829856
TI  - [Reproductive losses and chromosomal anomalies].

PMID- 6829855
TI  - [Possible use of fluorescence microscopy of the blood of pregnant women for
      prenatal diagnosis of the sex of the fetus].

PMID- 6829859
TI  - [Intrauterine pneumonia caused by Chlamydia].

PMID- 6829858
TI  - [Cerebral circulatory disorders in premature infants born in asphyxia according
      to electroencephalographic findings].

PMID- 6829861
TI  - [Clinical significance of antenatal cardiotocography].

PMID- 6829850
TI  - [Effect of maternal pulmonary disease on the overall development and status of
      the functional respiratory system of the progeny (experimental study)].

PMID- 6829860
TI  - [Principles of examination and treatment in missed abortion, missed labor].

PMID- 6829862
TI  - Disaster! Prepare for the possibility.

PMID- 6829863
TI  - Reasons for continuing education.

PMID- 6829865
TI  - Medical liability in Alabama.

PMID- 6829864
TI  - Orthodontic-surgical approach to dentofacial problems.

PMID- 6829866
TI  - Science, ethics, and due process.

PMID- 6829867
TI  - Discovery: viewpoint of both doctor and lawyer.

PMID- 6829868
TI  - Should doctors be subject to the adversary system?

PMID- 6829871
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax under anesthesia.

PMID- 6829869
TI  - Medical pathology conference. Fever, abdominal pains, and cholestatic hepatitis
      in a 66-year-old man.

PMID- 6829873
TI  - The clinical utility of echocardiography in infective endocarditis.

PMID- 6829872
TI  - Postoperative collections.

PMID- 6829870
TI  - Coronary heart disease risk. Assessment by plasma lipoprotein profiles.

PMID- 6829874
TI  - Nomination and selection procedures for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
      Medicine.

PMID- 6829875
TI  - Narcotic antagonism by naloxone. Few side-effects after a short procedure?
AB  - Twenty patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy were anaesthetised with thiopentone
      and nitrous oxide. Half of the patients received 1.0-1.5 mg of fentanyl during
      anaesthesia, the effect of which was antagonised by naloxone 0.4 mg intravenously
      and 0.4 mg subcutaneously. The other patients served as controls and received
      saline instead of fentanyl and naloxone. Fentanyl markedly reduced mean arterial
      pressure and the heart rate-systolic arterial pressure product during
      microlaryngoscopy. Conversely, there were significant increases in these
      measurements after naloxone had been given. However, there were no significant
      differences between patients given fentanyl with naloxone, and those given
      saline, in respect of arterial pressure, heart rate or dysrhythmia during
      recovery. No patient vomited, or appeared nauseated when observed afterwards in
      the operating room. One patient vomited several hours after naloxone.

PMID- 6829876
TI  - Isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric amethocaine for spinal analgesia. A clinical
      comparison.
AB  - A 15 mg dose of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% solution for spinal analgesia was
      compared with a clinically indicated dose of hyperbaric amethocaine 1% solution
      (10-16 mg) in 123 patients undergoing orthopaedic, urological and general
      surgical procedures. The 63 patients who received bupivacaine had a more limited
      spread of analgesia, which lasted longer and was accompanied by less hypotension
      and fewer complications than those who received amethocaine.

PMID- 6829878
TI  - Unrecognised presentation of a meningioma. Delayed recovery after general
      anaesthesia presenting as a sign of intracranial pathology.

PMID- 6829877
TI  - Failure of diazepam to prevent the suxamethonium-induced rise in intra-ocular
      pressure.
AB  - The effects of intravenous suxamethonium chloride (1 mg/kg) on intra-ocular
      pressure (IOP) were studied following pretreatment with diazepam 0.05 mg/kg,
      tubocurarine 0.05 mg/kg, and in a control group, at induction of anaesthesia. In
      all three groups, a significant increase in IOP was seen during the induction
      sequence. In a further study, the effects of intravenous suxamethonium chloride
      (1 mg/kg) on IOP were studied following a period of stable general anaesthesia
      and pretreatment with diazepam 0.05 mg/kg. A significant rise in IOP was again
      seen following the administration of suxamethonium. The authors conclude that
      neither of the techniques described herein will reliably and predictably prevent
      the rise in IOP seen following the use of suxamethonium.

PMID- 6829879
TI  - Pneumoretroperitoneum.
AB  - Pneumoretroperitoneum is rare, but sometimes seen in association with
      pneumoperitoneum as a result of barotrauma to the lungs. However, there have only
      been two previous cases of pneumoretroperitoneum without pneumoperitoneum
      following barotrauma. This case discusses several of the possible mechanisms by
      which this could occur and what associated signs, especially on chest X-ray, one
      should look for to confirm the aetiology of gas in the retroperitoneal space.

PMID- 6829880
TI  - Cold agglutinins and deep hypothermia.

PMID- 6829882
TI  - Diagnosis of the causes of anaphylactoid anaesthetic reactions. A report of the
      recommendations of the joint Anaesthetic and Immuno-allergological Workshop,
      Nancy, France: 19 March 1982.

PMID- 6829881
TI  - Subdural haematoma and spinal anaesthesia. A case report and an incidence study.

PMID- 6829883
TI  - Interscalene block for Colles' fractures.

PMID- 6829884
TI  - Anaesthesia for trigeminal nerve thermocoagulation.

PMID- 6829885
TI  - Sequential use of thiopentone and etomidate in anaesthesia for termination of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6829886
TI  - Peer modelling and paediatric anaesthesia.

PMID- 6829887
TI  - High dose buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 6829888
TI  - Peripheral nerve stimulator as an aid for therapeutic alcohol blocks.

PMID- 6829889
TI  - A bilateral stethoscope.

PMID- 6829891
TI  - Difficult intubation due to a patient's hair style.

PMID- 6829892
TI  - Examination of the airway in children.

PMID- 6829890
TI  - An alternative to blind nasal intubation.

PMID- 6829894
TI  - Acute cyanide poisoning.

PMID- 6829893
TI  - Laryngeal oedema in pregnancy.

PMID- 6829895
TI  - Ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 6829896
TI  - An unusual method of intra-arterial cannulation.

PMID- 6829897
TI  - Horner's syndrome following internal jugular vein cannulation.

PMID- 6829898
TI  - Postoperative shivering.

PMID- 6829900
TI  - Anaesthetic machine hazard from the Selectatec block.

PMID- 6829902
TI  - Painful intravenous injections of diazepam.

PMID- 6829901
TI  - Unusual complication of pulmonary function testing.

PMID- 6829904
TI  - Determination of salicylic acid in aspirin powder by second derivative
      ultraviolet spectrometry.

PMID- 6829903
TI  - Cadmium telluride gamma-ray liquid chromatography detector for
      radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6829899
TI  - Computer-based anaesthetic records.

PMID- 6829907
TI  - Determination of tin in organic matter by atomic-absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 6829906
TI  - Determination of ipronidazole in animal feeds.

PMID- 6829905
TI  - Determination of organic-bound chlorine and bromine in human body fluids by
      neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 6829908
TI  - Determination of nitrovin in animal feedingstuffs by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6829911
TI  - Application of a modified catalytic effect: determination of nanogram amounts of
      zinc in milk samples using a kinetic - fluorimetric method.

PMID- 6829912
TI  - Effects of halothane, thiamylal, and ketamine on central sympathetic and vagal
      tone.
AB  - The effects of increasing doses of halothane, thiamylal, and ketamine on central
      sympathetic tone (ST) and vagal tone (VT) in cats were studied. Compound action
      potentials were recorded simultaneously from the cervical sympathetic trunk and
      the vagus nerve. After full-wave rectification, they were integrated for
      continuous monitoring of the tonic levels of activity. ST and VT changed
      characteristically with different anesthetics. Halothane depressed ST and VT
      equally to approximately 70%, 60%, and 30% of the control level (70% N2O in O2)
      at end-tidal halothane concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. When
      thiamylal was given intravenously at incremental doses (3, 6, 9, and 12 mg/kg),
      ST was markedly reduced to 10% of the control level. The reduction in VT was
      relatively small and the autonomic balance shifted in the vagodominant direction.
      Intravenous ketamine (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg) changed neither ST nor VT
      significantly. Halothane and thiamylal markedly reduced central sympathetic and
      vagal outflows that play a role in peripheral homeostatic regulation. We suggest
      that these two anesthetics effect attenuated or altered autonomic regulation.
      Ketamine produced little change in central autonomic outflow.

PMID- 6829910
TI  - Air-segmented continuous-flow visible spectrophotometric determination of
      cephalosporins in drug formulations by alkaline degradation to hydrogen sulphide
      and formation of methylene blue and determination of sulphide-producing
      impurities including cephalosporins in penicillin samples.

PMID- 6829909
TI  - Gas-chromatographic procedure for the determination of environmental
      organochlorine residues in avian tissues with confirmation of identities by
      chemical derivatisation.

PMID- 6829913
TI  - Circulatory responses to midazolam anesthesia: emphasis on canine splanchnic
      circulation.
AB  - Experiments were performed on nine dogs instrumented with pulmonary artery Swan
      Ganz catheters and catheters placed into the distal aorta and posterior caval
      vein. Electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed around the portal vein and
      hepatic artery, and the portal vein was cannulated. A week later, systemic and
      splanchnic circulatory variables were studied before and after 10 mg/kg of
      midazolam given intravenously. Three minutes after injection, heart rate
      increased 26% (P less than 0.006), cardiac index decreased 15% (P less than
      0.001), portal flow increased 19% (P greater than 0.05), and hepatic arterial
      flow decreased slightly (P less than 0.002). Later, portal blood flow decreased
      17% below baseline values (P less than 0.006). The biphasic response of portal
      blood flow to midazolam is probably related to redistribution of blood within the
      splanchnic system (blood mobilization from spleen and intestine). It is suggested
      that because maintenance of cardiac output during midazolam anesthesia depends on
      compensatory mechanisms, failure to increase cardiac output with compensatory
      increases in heart rate, contractility, and blood volume mobilization from the
      splanchnic circulation could result in decreased cardiac output.

PMID- 6829914
TI  - Hepatic injury induced by anesthetic agents in rats.
AB  - Recent studies on rats pretreated with phenobarbital indicate that anesthetic
      agents may produce hepatic injury even when metabolism of the anesthetic is
      almost negligible. This implies that anesthesia per se may cause hepatic injury.
      To evaluate this possibility, we determined the amount of hepatic injury produced
      by halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, thiopental, and fentanyl in rats pretreated
      with phenobarbital. Anesthetics were administered in doses ranging from 0.04-1.1
      MAC (or their equivalent for thiopental or fentanyl) and were given with 10%
      oxygen for 2 h. Liver specimens taken 24 h later were examined microscopically
      for hepatic injury. At concentrations of 5-40% of MAC, all anesthetics produced
      more hepatic injury than did control conditions (i.e., exposure to only 10%
      oxygen for 2 h). There were no systematic differences among agents, nor did
      starvation before anesthetic exposure produce a difference among agents.
      Therefore, mechanisms other than anesthetic metabolism are needed to explain
      hepatic injury produced by anesthetic agents.

PMID- 6829915
TI  - Effect of oxygen concentration, hyperthermia, and choice of vendor on anesthetic
      induced hepatic injury in rats.
AB  - Although hypoxic rats exposed to anesthetics may develop hepatic injury,
      divergent results have been obtained. These discrepancies might be due to
      different levels of hypoxia, hypothermia, or choice of vendor. Male Sprague
      Dawley rats purchased from Zivic-Miller were pretreated with phenobarbital for 4
      days. After 24 h without phenobarbital, they were exposed to 2 h of hypoxia and
      halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, thiopental, or fentanyl. Rectal temperature was
      kept between 36.5 degrees C and 38.5 degrees C. All agents given in 10% oxygen
      produced more hepatic injury than did control conditions (exposure to 10% oxygen
      alone) (P less than 0.01). Only halothane given in 12% and 14% oxygen produced
      hepatic injury. No agent given in 20% or 100% oxygen demonstrated hepatotoxicity.
      In a separate study, rectal temperatures were kept between 32 degrees C and 34
      degrees C during 2 h of exposure to 0.3 MAC halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane
      in 10% oxygen. Hypothermia prevented hepatotoxicity by enflurane and isoflurane,
      but not by halothane. Finally, although livers of rats obtained from Zivic-Miller
      were injured, specific pathogen-free rats from Charles River were not injured or
      were less injured by enflurane, thiopental, or fentanyl. Apparently, minor
      changes in experimental conditions can substantially affect results; hepatic
      hypoxia per se, anesthetic metabolism (especially that of halothane), and perhaps
      anesthesia itself may produce hepatic injury.

PMID- 6829916
TI  - MAC values of thiopental and fentanyl in rats.
AB  - A comparison of the effects of thiopental or fentanyl with those of inhaled
      anesthetics requires the establishment of a comparable level of anesthetic
      potency. Accordingly, using the response of male Sprague-Dawley rats to tail
      clamping, we determined the ED50S for thiopental and fentanyl. Half of the rats
      were pretreated with phenobarbital. After subcutaneous injection of various doses
      of thiopental or fentanyl, each rat was tested for movement in response to tail
      clamping at 15-min intervals for 2 h. In untreated rats, the maximal effect of
      thiopental (i.e., the lowest ED50 value was 107 +/- 10 mg/kg, mean +/- SEM)
      occurred 75 min after injection. Although higher values were found at other
      times, differences from the nadir were relatively small. In rats pretreated with
      phenobarbital, the lowest value (130 +/- 8 mg/kg) occurred at 60 min. The lowest
      ED50S for fentanyl (52 +/- 7 micrograms/kg for control rats, and 73 +/- 14
      micrograms/kg for pretreated rats) were found at 15 min.

PMID- 6829917
TI  - Competitive nonspecific binding does not explain the potentiating effects of
      muscle relaxant combinations.
AB  - Combination of pancuronium (Pm) with d-tubocurarine (dTC) or metocurine (mTC)
      produces potentiation of neuromuscular effects. We tested the hypothesis that
      this effect is due to decreased plasma protein and/or nonspecific
      (noncholinergic) tissue binding by one or the other drug such that a greater than
      expected proportion of unbound drug reaches its neuromuscular site of activity.
      By varying the concentration of Pm, dTC, and mTC, competitive binding by Pm and
      dTC or Pm and mTC to plasma constituents was tested in vitro by equilibrium
      dialysis. Drug interaction and displacement from nonspecific binding sites in
      tissues was tested in vivo with Pm-mTC combinations. During recovery of mTC
      induced neuromuscular paralysis, monitored by evoked twitch tension, 1 mg of Pm
      was administered intravenously. The twitch height and plasma mTC concentrations
      before and after Pm administration were noted. The in vitro plasma dTC or mTC
      binding was not significantly altered by the addition of Pm. Similarly, plasma
      mTC concentrations in vivo did not increase following the administration of Pm.
      Thus, there was no displacement of mTC from nonspecific tissue binding sites by
      Pm. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments both demonstrate that there is no
      interaction between Pm--dTC and Pm--mTC relative to plasma or tissue binding and
      thus cannot explain the potentiating effect of the drug combination.

PMID- 6829918
TI  - Perineural injection of morphine fails to relieve postoperative pain in humans.
AB  - Ten patients scheduled for bilateral foot surgery were given general anesthesia
      plus ankle blocks. One side was blocked with 0.02% morphine and the other with
      0.9% saline. A second group of 10 patients for bilateral foot surgery had one
      side blocked with 0.02% morphine and the other with 0.01% morphine. A within
      patient blind comparison of postoperative analgesia between the two sides was
      performed by nurse observers, using categorical and visual analogue scales for
      both pain intensity and pain relief. Postoperative analgesia recorded by the
      nurse observer was not significantly different between morphine and saline.
      Similarly, there was no significant difference in postoperative analgesia between
      legs blocked with the higher or lower dose of morphine. Thus, perineural morphine
      does not relieve postoperative pain at doses equivalent to 2-4 mg in a 70-kg man.

PMID- 6829919
TI  - Comparison of lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine in paracervical block: clinical
      effects and drug concentrations in mother and child.
AB  - 2-Chloroprocaine (CP) has recently been recommended as a less toxic alternative
      to amide-type local anesthetics due to its rapid metabolism. A double-blind,
      randomized study comparing CP to lidocaine when used for paracervical block was
      carried out. Twenty-nine patients received CP, while 31 received lidocaine. None
      of the 60 mothers developed adverse side effects. Adequate pain relief was
      achieved in 28 cases in each group, with a mean duration of 40 min regardless of
      the anesthetic. No change in uterine activity was observed. In the CP group one
      fetus had mild bradycardia, while two in the lidocaine group had severe, and
      three mild bradycardia within 5-7 min after the block. Low concentrations of CP
      were detected in the venous blood of 2 of 29 mothers and in the umbilical venous
      blood of their babies. Measurable amounts of its metabolite, 2-chloro-4
      aminobenzoic acid (CABA), were found in all 13 samples of maternal blood 5 min
      after PCB and in 6 of 27 maternal samples at birth. Traces of CABA were found in
      umbilical venous blood in three neonates; in a fourth, a level of 1,000 ng/ml was
      found. In contrast, unmetabolized lidocaine was found in all maternal samples and
      in all but one of the cord samples at birth. Concentration of lidocaine in cord
      blood at delivery ranged from less than 100 to 4,000 ng/ml and were similar for
      both arterial and venous samples. No correlation could be demonstrated between
      levels of local anesthetics in the cord samples and the frequency or severity of
      fetal bradycardia regardless of the anesthetic.

PMID- 6829920
TI  - Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: role of epidural and general
      anesthesia.
AB  - The effects of continuous epidural anesthesia and of general anesthesia on the
      incidence of thromboembolism following total hip replacement were studied. Sixty
      patients were randomly allotted to one of two groups receiving either epidural or
      general anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia (N = 30) consisted of 0.5% bupivacaine
      with epinephrine intraoperatively; for pain relief in the postoperative period
      (24 h), 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine was given every 3 h. General
      anesthesia (N = 30) consisted of controlled ventilation with N2O-O2 and
      intravenous fentanyl and pancuronium bromide; postoperatively, narcotic
      analgesics were given intramuscularly on demand for pain relief. Significantly
      lower frequencies were found following epidural anesthesia than after general
      anesthesia in deep venous thrombosis involving the popliteal and femoral veins
      (13% and 67%, respectively), deep venous thrombosis involving both calf and thigh
      veins (40% and 77%), and pulmonary embolism (10% and 33%). Possible explanations
      for these differences include increased circulation in the lower extremities,
      less tendency for intravascular clotting to occur, and more efficient
      fibrinolysis in association with continuous epidural anesthesia. The decrease in
      blood loss associated with epidural anesthesia with lower transfusion
      requirements also might play a role. Epidural analgesia prolonged into the
      postoperative period, in addition to other appropriate thromboprophylactic
      measures, should be of value in patients undergoing operations associated with a
      high risk of thromboembolic complications.

PMID- 6829921
TI  - Prognostic value of computerized EEG analysis during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - A single-channel EEG, analyzed in real time to produce a density spectral array
      (DSA) display was recorded during 111 carotid endarterectomies. A simple protocol
      that emphasized loss of high frequency activity was used to identify serious
      ischemic EEG events. In 70 patients (78 operations) with no preoperative
      neurologic deficits, new postoperative neurologic deficits appeared only in the
      seven patients who had ischemic EEG events that lasted 10 min or longer. The EEG
      was not predictive in the 31 patients (33 operations) who had preoperative
      neurologic deficits: one patient with no intraoperative change in EEG developed a
      new postoperative deficit, and one patient with EEG changes lasting 13 min had no
      demonstrable new deficit postoperatively. This EEG monitoring technique was
      simple and convenient to use, and appears to be predictive of gross neurologic
      outcome following carotid endarterectomy in patients without preoperative
      neurologic deficits.

PMID- 6829923
TI  - Precision and accuracy of intraoperative temperature monitoring.
AB  - Using tympanic membrane (TM) temperature as a standard for core temperature, we
      quantitated the accuracy and precision of seven other temperature monitoring
      sites during anesthesia, namely, the nasopharynx, esophagus, rectum, bladder,
      axilla, forehead, and great toe. Accuracy was quantitated as the difference
      between TM temperature and the temperature at each of the other sites; precision
      was quantitated as the correlation between TM temperature and the temperature at
      each of the other sites. Results indicate that the accuracy of measurements made
      using the great toe, forehead, and axilla is less than the accuracy of
      measurements made using the nasopharynx, esophagus, bladder, and rectum.
      Precision of measurements made using the nasopharynx, esophagus, and bladder is
      greater than the precision at the axilla, forehead, and rectum, and much higher
      than the precision at the great toe. Measurements of body temperature using the
      nasopharynx, esophagus, and bladder are recommended for intraoperative use as
      providing the best combination of accuracy and precision.

PMID- 6829924
TI  - Brachial plexus anesthesia and axillary sheath elastance.
AB  - Large volumes of an anesthetic solution used during regional axillary anesthesia
      may produce elevated pressures within the axillary sheath that lead to arterial
      compression and diminished blood flow. We measured axillary sheath pressure as a
      function of injected volume in 20 patients scheduled for hand surgery.
      Bupivacaine without epinephrine was injected into the axillary sheath in 10-ml
      increments until a cumulative volume of 50 ml was attained. Elastance (delta
      P/delta V), where delta P equals change in pressure (mm Hg) and delta V equals
      change in volume (ml), was 0.8 +/- 0.1 (+/- SEM) mm Hg/ml in successful block and
      0.09 +/- 0.1 mm Hg/ml in unsuccessful blocks. Axillary sheath pressure did not
      exceed mean arterial pressure for periods longer than 60 s. We conclude that
      vascular insufficiency resulting from arterial compression following axillary
      block anesthesia is unlikely.

PMID- 6829922
TI  - Droperidol inhibits the effects of intravenous ketamine on central hemodynamics
      and myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with generalized atherosclerotic
      disease.
AB  - A 2-mg/kg dose of ketamine was administered intravenously to 16 patients with
      generalized atherosclerotic disease. Eight patients were given 200 mu/kg of
      droperidol intravenously 10 min before ketamine administration; eight patients
      not given droperidol served as controls. Central hemodynamics, coronary flow
      (thermodilution technique) and myocardial oxygen, lactate, hypoxanthine, and
      catecholamine balances were studied. In control patients, ketamine increased mean
      blood pressure by 42%, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 144%, mean right
      atrial pressure by 60%, heart rate by 15%, and systemic vascular resistance by
      40% without changes in cardiac index, stroke volume index, or left ventricular
      stroke work index. These data indicate that cardiac performance did not increase
      in parallel with the rise in afterload. However, the 50% increase in myocardial
      oxygen demand was associated with a 48% increase in coronary blood flow without
      changes in coronary vascular resistance or myocardial oxygen extraction.
      Augmented sympathetic activity was manifested by 397% and 164% increases in
      plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively. The hemodynamic
      and cardiometabolic effects of ketamine were abolished when patients were
      pretreated with droperidol. The increase in plasma epinephrine levels was
      likewise inhibited by droperidol; significantly lower plasma norepinephrine
      levels also were observed. These findings suggest that droperidol inhibits the
      cardiovascular effects of ketamine by a centrally mediated reduction in
      sympathetic activity and by peripheral alpha receptor blockade.

PMID- 6829925
TI  - Ventilator alarm nonfunction associated with a scavenging system for waste gases.

PMID- 6829927
TI  - Patient awareness during nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane anesthesia.

PMID- 6829928
TI  - An evaluation of sodium citrate solutions.

PMID- 6829929
TI  - Laryngoscope blades modified for neonates and infants.

PMID- 6829930
TI  - Effects of fentanyl, naloxone, and clonidine on hemodynamics and plasma
      catecholamine levels in dogs.
AB  - A 50-micrograms/kg dose of fentanyl, given intravenously in divided doses to dogs
      under enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia caused sharp decreases in heart rate
      (HR), arterial blood pressure (AP), left ventricular dP/dt, and plasma levels of
      catecholamines. Naloxone, 20 micrograms/kg given 65-70 min later, completely and
      rapidly reversed these changes. Because the cardiovascular effects of fentanyl
      and naloxone occurred in unparalyzed animals under surgical anesthesia without
      eliciting any motor responses, it seems unlikely that they can be ascribed to
      changes in awareness and surgical stimulation, especially pain. The brief
      duration of exposure to the narcotic makes it improbable that the naloxone
      response is due to acute dependence and precipitated withdrawal. Pretreatment
      with 20 micrograms/kg of atropine only attenuated the decrease in HR, indicating
      a minor role of vagal mechanisms under these conditions. Administration of 20
      micrograms/kg of clonidine by slow infusion after fentanyl further reduced
      sympathetic activity and greatly attenuated the naloxone response. Injection of 5
      mg/kg of tolazoline after administration of clonidine produced massive
      cardiovascular stimulation by antagonizing clonidine and unmasking the naloxone
      reversal of fentanyl. Thus, in fully anesthetized dogs, fentanyl decreased the
      level of cardiovascular function mainly by reducing sympathetic activity. This
      effect does not seem to be secondary to analgesia or other sensory depressant
      effects of the narcotic, but rather to an action on central opioid-sensitive
      mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function.

PMID- 6829926
TI  - Materno-fetal cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.

PMID- 6829932
TI  - Changes in serum potassium following succinylcholine in patients with infections.
AB  - Changes in serum potassium level in 21 control patients and 21 patients with
      infections of varying severity were measured after administration of
      succinylcholine. Serum potassium levels increased significantly in patients with
      infections, but not in the normal control patients. The magnitude of the increase
      in serum potassium was related to the severity and duration of infection.

PMID- 6829931
TI  - Hemodynamic and hepatic effects of methohexital infusion during nitrous oxide
      anesthesia in humans.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of methohexital, at infusion rates of 60-65 and 120
      micrograms/kg/min with concomitant inhalation of 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen,
      have been studied during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in 8 patients.
      Under most of the conditions studied methohexital infusion anesthesia was
      associated with lower arterial pressure (-13% to -33%) than in the awake state,
      decreased cardiac output (-26% to -38%), and increased systemic vascular
      resistance (+5% to +37%) during surgery, but also with decreased cardiac output (
      25%) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (-13%) during anesthesia without
      surgery. The higher infusion rate was not associated with decreases in arterial
      pressure or cardiac output during either spontaneous or controlled ventilation.
      The hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation was poorly suppressed by
      methohexital in that peak arterial pressures exceeded the preanesthetic values by
      33%. No evidence of impaired hepatocellular function was found after infusions of
      methohexital lasting up to 4 h.

PMID- 6829933
TI  - Fentanyl-O2-N2O rigidity and pulmonary compliance.
AB  - Induction of anesthesia with fentanyl has been associated with such extreme
      rigidity as to cause failure of bag-and-mask ventilation. The etiology of this
      failure has not been investigated. Therefore, fentanyl-induced rigidity was
      studied in 5 control patients to establish the dose at which ventilation became
      impossible and in 5 patients with tracheostomies to investigate changes in
      pulmonary compliance. Anesthesia was induced with 3 micrograms/kg/min fentanyl to
      a total of 30 micrograms/kg. In control patients, failure to maintain bag-and
      mask ventilation occurred at a mean fentanyl dose of 17 micrograms/kg. In
      patients with tracheostomies, compliance decreased 16% below baseline levels with
      fentanyl-100% O2 and an additional 22% with 60% N2O, returning to baseline levels
      after paralysis. It is concluded that the site of the cause of inability to
      maintain bag-and-mask ventilation after fentanyl lies above the trachea,
      specifically at the glottis. Glottic rigidity causes glottic closure and upper
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 6829935
TI  - Inflating characteristics of Swan-Ganz catheter balloons: clinical
      considerations.

PMID- 6829934
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during bronchoscopy and washout for cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 6829936
TI  - Comparison of two different J-wires for central venous cannulation via the
      external jugular vein.

PMID- 6829938
TI  - Increased success with retrograde guide for endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 6829937
TI  - Discoloration and impurities in isoflurane vaporizer.

PMID- 6829939
TI  - Radio pills for measurement of duration of action of sodium citrate.

PMID- 6829941
TI  - The bevel and deflection of spinal needles.

PMID- 6829940
TI  - Loss of anesthetic gases due to defective safety equipment.

PMID- 6829943
TI  - Uptake and distribution of halothane in infants: in vivo measurements and
      computer simulations.
AB  - We measured uptake of halothane (the fraction of halothane in expired gas divided
      by the fraction of halothane in inspired gas, FE/FI) with a mass spectrometer
      over time in 7 infants less than 3 months of age. FE/FI for halothane in these
      infants increased more rapidly than has been described in adults by others. In
      addition, we developed a mathematical model for halothane uptake and distribution
      that incorporates age-dependent anatomic and physiologic parameters (alveolar
      ventilation, functional residual capacity, cardiac output, brain volume, etc).
      The model closely predicts FE/FI for halothane measured in the infants. At 5 min
      observed FE/FI was 0.67, at 15 min observed FE/FI was 0.80, while the predicted
      FE/FI values were 0.65 and 0.82, respectively. The model predicts that the
      myocardial and brain halothane concentrations will increase more rapidly in the
      infant than in the adult. Achievement of high myocardial halothane concentrations
      early in the anesthetic induction may cause the hypotension and bradycardia
      commonly seen in infants. Sensitivity of the infant myocardium to halothane would
      further exacerbate the effect of more rapid myocardial uptake.

PMID- 6829942
TI  - Comparative CNS toxicity of lidocaine, etidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine in
      awake dogs following rapid intravenous administration.
AB  - The comparative central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of serially administered
      intravenous doses of lidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, and tetracaine was
      investigated in awake dogs. The mean cumulative dose required for convulsive
      activity was 4.0 mg/kg tetracaine, 5.0 mg/kg bupivacaine, 8.0 mg/kg etidocaine,
      and 22.0 mg/kg lidocaine. The cumulative convulsive dose of lidocaine was
      significantly greater than that of the other three agents (P less than 0.01). A
      comparison of the in vivo anesthetic potency and the acute CNS toxicity of these
      various agents suggests little difference in the therapeutic ratio between less
      potent anesthetics such as lidocaine and more potent drugs, i.e., tetracaine,
      bupivacaine, and etidocaine. The relative CNS toxicity of the different agents as
      determined in awake dogs in this study was compared with their relative
      cardiovascular toxicity previously evaluated in a series of ventilated dogs
      anesthetized with pentobarbital. The dose of lidocaine, etidocaine, tetracaine,
      and bupivacaine required to produce irreversible cardiovascular depression was
      3.5-6.7 times greater than that which produced convulsions. These results suggest
      that the CNS is the primary target organ for the toxic effects of both highly
      lipid-soluble and highly protein-bound local anesthetics (i.e., bupivacaine,
      etidocaine, and tetracaine) and less lipid-soluble and less protein-bound drugs
      (i.e., lidocaine) following rapid intravenous administration.

PMID- 6829944
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of inhalation induction with isoflurane in infants.
AB  - We evaluated hemodynamic changes during inhalation induction of isoflurane
      anesthesia in 60 healthy infants aged 5-26 weeks who were randomly divided into
      two groups of 30 patients each. In group 1 anesthesia was induced using
      isoflurane in concentrations that were increased to 3.5%. In group 2, 0.02 mg/kg
      of atropine was given intramuscularly before induction of anesthesia, as in group
      1. In both groups, N2O (3 L/min) and O2 (2 L/min) were administered using a
      nonrebreathing system. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded at 1
      min intervals for 20 min. HR decreased 32% in group 1 and 20% in group 2; BP
      decreased 40% in group 1 and 38% in group 2. During isoflurane induction in
      infants, both HR and BP are depressed. Premedication with atropine minimizes the
      depression of HR, but does not affect the change in BP.

PMID- 6829945
TI  - In vitro contracture tests for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6829947
TI  - Prolonged neuromuscular blockade in a parturient associated with succinylcholine.

PMID- 6829948
TI  - An unusual catheter complication with continuous epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 6829950
TI  - Operating room communication system.

PMID- 6829946
TI  - Fetal and maternal cardiovascular effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate.
AB  - This study compared the effects of intravenous atropine and glycopyrrolate on
      maternal and fetal heart rates and variability, maternal blood pressure, and
      uterine activity in 20 normal full-term parturients in labor. Group 1 (N = 10)
      received 0.005 mg/kg of glycopyrrolate, and group 2 (N = 10) received 0.01 mg/kg
      of atropine. There were no statistically significant changes in fetal heart rates
      or variability in either group. Uterine activity increased in a normal manner as
      labor progressed. Maternal heart rate increased significantly and essentially
      equally in all patients in both groups ranging from 15 to 78 beats/min and a mean
      (+/- SD) of 36 +/- 16 in group 1 and from 15 to 65 beats/min with a mean of 35 +/
      17 in group 2. There were no statistically significant changes in maternal blood
      pressure in either group.

PMID- 6829949
TI  - Possible role of epinephrine in prevention or correction of myocardial depression
      associated with bupivacaine.

PMID- 6829951
TI  - Ketamine treatment of penile erection in the operating room.

PMID- 6829952
TI  - Hazards of an anesthetic scavenging device.

PMID- 6829953
TI  - Postpartum deterioration in the presence of valvular heart disease.

PMID- 6829954
TI  - Murphy's law and humidification.

PMID- 6829957
TI  - Pulmonary blood pressure and flow during atelectasis in the dog.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to measure the time course, direction, and magnitude
      of the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) response to atelectasis. Six dogs
      were anesthetized with pentobarbital. With the chest open, each lung was
      ventilated separately. Pulmonary blood flow was measured with electromagnetic
      flow probes. Pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic arterial pressures
      were measured via indwelling catheters. The right lung was ventilated
      continuously with 100% O2, while the left lung was either ventilated with 100% O2
      (control phase), unventilated (4 hours of atelectasis), or ventilated with a gas
      mixture containing 4% O2, 3% CO2, and 93% N2 (hypoxia phase). Left lung
      atelectasis resulted in a reduction of the per cent lung blood flow from 43 +/-
      4% (mean +/- SE) to 25 +/- 7% at 15 min and to 12 +/- 1% at 60 min which
      persisted for the remaining four-hour period. The per cent left lung blood flow
      was significantly lower (8 +/- 1%) and the PaO2 significantly higher (356 +/- 38
      mmHg) during the maximal response to atelectasis as compared to 15 min of hypoxic
      ventilation (23 +/- 5%; 211 +/- 21 mmHg). With atelectasis or hypoxic
      ventilation, pulmonary perfusion pressure was increased significantly from the
      control value of 7.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg to approximately 11 mmHg. The present study
      demonstrated that in the open chest model without systemic hypoxemia, the
      response to acute atelectasis is a regional increase in pulmonary vascular
      resistance which develops quickly (15 min) and is maximal by 60 min and is
      maintained thereafter. As a result, there is a sustained diversion of blood flow
      away from the atelectatic lung and a generalized increase of pulmonary perfusion
      pressure.

PMID- 6829956
TI  - Enflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane metabolism in rat hepatic microsomes
      from ethanol-treated animals.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on the metabolism of enflurane, isoflurane, and
      methoxyflurane were investigated to determine if alterations in biotransformation
      of these agents occur as a result of this treatment. In vitro incubations of
      hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with 10 days' ethanol vapor inhalation
      revealed a fourfold increase in inorganic fluoride from enflurane when compared
      with incubations of microsomes from unpretreated rats and from phenobarbital
      pretreated rats. Isoflurane, while metabolized to a lesser extent than enflurane,
      showed a similar stimulation of metabolism. Methoxyflurane, while metabolized to
      a greater extent than either enflurane or isoflurane, had lesser fluoride
      production by the microsomes from ethanol-pretreated rats than microsomes from
      phenobarbital-pretreated rats, but greater fluoride production than that found in
      microsomes from unpretreated rats. Ethanol pretreatment did not alter the levels
      of cytochrome P-450 which is the enzyme responsible for such metabolism. This
      suggests that the altered metabolism involves either a specific P-450 isozyme or
      an unidentified enzyme.

PMID- 6829958
TI  - Suppression of noxiously evoked WDR dorsal horn neuronal activity by spinally
      administered morphine.
AB  - The present study was carried out in order to examine the ability of spinally
      administered morphine to suppress noxiously evoked activity of wide-dynamic-range
      (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in decerebrate, spinal cord
      transected cats. All cells (n = 25) responded maximally to high-intensity noxious
      heat stimulation (51 degrees C) and were classified as wide dynamic range
      neurons. The spinal administration of 0.1 mg of morphine caused a significant
      reduction of noxiously evoked activity but did not significantly change
      spontaneous activity. The 0.25-mg dose caused a significant reduction of both
      types of activity. Thirty minutes after spinal administration, 0.1 mg of morphine
      caused a 27% reduction of spontaneous activity and a 43% reduction of noxiously
      evoked activity. The 0.25-mg dose reduced spontaneous activity by 44% and the
      evoked activity by 70%. Naloxone partially reversed the morphine-induced neuronal
      suppression. In addition, in the four neurons in which it was tried, spinally
      administered epinephrine was found to further suppress the remaining neuronal
      activity following the spinal morphine effect. These results demonstrate for the
      first time that spinally administered morphine is capable of suppressing
      noxiously evoked activity of wide-dynamic-range neurons in the dorsal horn of the
      spinal cord. They also demonstrate the dose-dependent nature of this effect and
      the potential importance of the interaction between morphine and adrenergic
      agonists in blocking information about noxious events. This information provides
      a probable mechanism of action for spinal opiate analgesia.

PMID- 6829955
TI  - Comparison of local anesthetics as bronchodilator aerosols.
AB  - Lidocaine aerosols have been ineffective at preventing airway constriction
      provoked by non-reflex stimuli. To determine if there were any advantages to
      using more potent amide-type local anesthetics or local anesthetics from other
      chemical classes, the authors compared the protection afforded by pretreatment
      with aerosols of lidocaine, bupivacaine, hexylcaine, and procaine against a
      subsequent prolonged challenge (5 min) with 10% citric acid aerosols in
      barbiturate-anesthetized Basenji-Greyhound dogs. The local anesthetics were
      administered as aerosols (4% solutions) for 10 min immediately preceding the
      citric acid challenge. In control experiments, that employed pretreatment with
      aerosols of isotonic saline rather than local anesthetics, the citric acid
      challenge aerosol increased pulmonary resistance by an average of 3.3 +/- 0.8 (+/
      SE) cmH2O X 1(-1) X s during the first 15-min postchallenge, and reduced dynamic
      compliance by one-third during this time. None of the local anesthetics prevented
      citric-acid-induced changes in pulmonary mechanics. The average increases in
      pulmonary resistance (0-15 min postchallenge) elicited by citric acid aerosols in
      dogs pretreated with lidocaine, hexylcaine, bupivacaine, and procaine were 2.1 +/
      0.6, 2.1 +/- 0.6, 3.2 +/- 1.3, and 3.3 +/- 1.0 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s, respectively.
      The authors concluded that local anesthetic aerosols have little or no effect
      against other than reflex bronchoconstriction, and none of those tested were more
      effective than lidocaine.

PMID- 6829960
TI  - Influence of epinephrine as an adjuvant to epidural morphine.
AB  - The effects of epinephrine 1/200,000 as an adjuvant to epidural morphine were
      investigated in three healthy male volunteers, during 26-h observation sessions.
      Peak blood concentrations of morphine were 44 +/- 12.9 ng/ml after plain morphine
      and 13.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml after epinephrine-morphine. Cutaneous hypalgesia was more
      intense, faster in onset, and longer in duration after epinephrine-morphine than
      after plain morphine, and analgesia to ice-water immersion of extremities lasted
      longer. Adverse side effects of pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty of
      micturition were also more intense after epinephrine-morphine, and respiratory
      sensitivity to CO2 was depressed more severely between 6 and 16 h. The results
      indicated that epinephrine 1/200,000 reduces vascular absorption of epidural
      morphine and intensifies all the manifestations of cord and brainstem uptake.

PMID- 6829961
TI  - Hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis.

PMID- 6829959
TI  - Metabolism by rat hepatic microsomes of fluorinated ether anesthetics following
      ethanol consumption.
AB  - The possibility that the metabolism of volatile inhalational anesthetics is
      altered following chronic ethanol consumption was investigated in male Fischer
      344 rats. The hepatic microsomal defluorination rates of methoxyflurane,
      enflurane, and sevoflurane were determined for pair-fed rats receiving ethanol
      with normal caloric or with 50% of normal caloric intake. For comparison, the
      effects of phenobarbital treatment on anesthetic defluorination rates also were
      examined. Fourteen days of ad libitum consumption of 16% ethanol resulted in
      maximal defluorination rates of the above anesthetics. No overt signs of ethanol
      toxicity were observed. Ethanol-treated rats with a normal caloric intake had
      significantly increased microsomal defluorination rates per mg protein compared
      with pair-fed control rats as follows: methoxyflurane, 190% of control;
      enflurane, 298% of control; and sevoflurane, 301% of control. Ethanol-treated
      animals with 50% of normal caloric intake showed similar elevations in microsomal
      defluorination rates when compared with pair-fed controls. Phenobarbital
      treatment significantly increased the rate of methoxyflurane defluorination (673%
      of control), whereas the rates of sevoflurane defluorination (127% of control)
      and enflurane defluorination (86% of control) were not altered significantly.
      Phenobarbital treatment increased the microsomal content of cytochrome P-450,
      while ethanol treatment did not. This study demonstrated that regardless of total
      caloric intake, chronic ethanol consumption increases defluorination of
      inhalation anesthetics in Fischer 344 rats. It also illustrated that the two
      enzyme-inducing agents are unique with respect to the degree to which they
      enhance anesthetic defluorination.

PMID- 6829962
TI  - Kawasaki disease--a disease with anesthetic implications.

PMID- 6829963
TI  - Deep body thermometry during general anesthesia.

PMID- 6829964
TI  - Postoperative rigidity following fentanyl anesthesia.

PMID- 6829965
TI  - Estimating allowable blood loss: corrected for dilution.

PMID- 6829969
TI  - Potentials pitfalls in measuring regional cerebral glucose utilization.

PMID- 6829970
TI  - Hazard of a new epidural catheter.

PMID- 6829968
TI  - Naloxone and its analeptic effect.

PMID- 6829967
TI  - Anesthetic management of a child with asthma and presumed susceptibility to
      malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6829966
TI  - Symptomatic pneumocephalus after translabrynthine acoustic neuroma excision and
      nitrous oxide anesthesia.

PMID- 6829971
TI  - Considerations in the treatment of causalgia.

PMID- 6829972
TI  - Vive Pascal!

PMID- 6829973
TI  - What's a gram-meter?

PMID- 6829974
TI  - Statistics should support rather than strangle anesthesiology literature.

PMID- 6829975
TI  - Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

PMID- 6829976
TI  - Use of the left-entry laryngoscope blade in patients with right-sided oro-facial
      lesions.

PMID- 6829977
TI  - Another look at tension pneumocephalus.

PMID- 6829978
TI  - Another use for intravenous fluid containers.

PMID- 6829979
TI  - Functional ophthalmodynamometry. Comparison between brachial and ophthalmic blood
      pressure in sitting and supine position.
AB  - Ophthalmodynamometry was done by 96 normotensive volunteers and 62 hypertensive
      patients in sitting and supine position. A high correlation between the brachial
      and ophthalmic blood pressure was found in both groups, and in both positions.
      The brachial blood pressure of normotensive subjects did not show any difference
      in both positions. Although the systolic brachial blood pressure did not show
      significant changes in hypertension, the diastolic--and the calculated mean
      brachial blood pressure has been slightly but significantly decreased in the
      supine position. In both groups, normotension and hypertension, the ophthalmic
      blood pressure was found to be dependent from the level of the systemic blood
      pressure and the position of patient. It is significantly higher in the supine
      position than in the sitting position. The higher the systemic blood pressure in
      the sitting position, the less was the increase of the ophthalmic blood pressure
      in the supine position.

PMID- 6829980
TI  - Noninvasive versus invasive evaluation of the extracranial circulation in
      patients with suspected cerebral vascular disease.
AB  - This is the second in an ongoing series of evaluations in an attempt to find a
      combined system of noninvasive cerebral vascular evaluation of the extracranial
      circulation reliable enough so that decisions can be made, utilizing this system
      regarding further diagnostic studies and management. The current study evaluates
      a system of combined doppler arterial scanning of the extracranial circulation
      with Real Time B-Mode imaging of the territory of the carotid bifurcations and
      show that such a system, in skilled hands, is capable of very high levels of
      accuracy both quantitatively and qualitatively regarding the status of the
      carotid bifurcations as well as giving much indirect information about the
      cerebral vascular and subclavian circulations. The paper ends with a strong
      statement supporting the routine utilization of noninvasive screening of patients
      with suspected cerebral vascular disease. This conclusion is reached after
      comparing 59 patients representing 118 carotid bifurcations studied; first by
      physical examination and noninvasive evaluation and subsequently by angiography.

PMID- 6829981
TI  - Serum zinc in myocardial infarction: diagnostic and prognostic significance.

PMID- 6829982
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and bioavailability of a sustained release
      theophylline preparation in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The elimination of theophylline after intravenous aminophylline bolus and the
      absorption of a sustained-release oral theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur) were
      studied in ten patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.). Each patient received an
      I.V. bolus of aminophylline equivalent to 4 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline and 10
      plasma theophylline levels were obtained over the following eight hours.
      Elimination half life (T1/2), total body clearance (Cl), volume of distribution
      (Vd) and area under the concentration curve (AUCiv) were determined. Forty-eight
      hours later each patient received an oral dose of sustained release theophylline
      equivalent to 7.47-11.42 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline and 13 plasma theophylline
      concentrations were measured over 24 hours. Area under the concentration curve
      (AUCpo) and fractional absorption (F) of the sustained release preparation were
      determined. Mean values (+/- S.D.) were T1/2 = 4.45 +/- 1.58 hrs, Vd = 505.8 +/-
      40.7 ml/kg, Cl = 87.9 +/- 31.6 ml/kg/hr, F = 0.86 +/- 0.26. One patient did not
      develop detectable plasma theophylline levels until 20 hours after receiving the
      sustained release product, but rapidly absorbed 96% of orally administered
      theophylline elixir. While we could demonstrate no consistent abnormality of
      theophylline distribution or elimination in cystic fibrosis patients, large
      interindividual differences in elimination may exist. In addition, some C.F.
      patients may have impaired or delayed absorption of sustained release
      theophylline preparations.

PMID- 6829983
TI  - Patterns of response to inhaled methacholine.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with unexplained pulmonary symptoms were tested using inhaled
      methacholine. Of the 32 who reacted 11 had a greater than 20% decrease in FEV1
      (with or without an associated change in FEF25-75%) as the end-point, 15 had a
      greater than 25% decrease in FEF25-75% as their initial response while 6 had an
      initial greater than 25% decrease in FEF200-1200. In some but not all subjects in
      the latter two groups a decrease in FEV1 occurred with increased methacholine
      concentrations. Changes in FEF25-75% and FEF200-1200 should be considered in
      documentation of airway hyperreactivity in some patients.

PMID- 6829985
TI  - Immunologic studies of human schistosomiasis. II. Interrelationship of serum and
      ascitic fluid histamine, IgE and total eosinophils in acute and chronic human
      schistosomiasis.
AB  - Sera and ascitic fluid of 26 patients with acute and chronic schistosomiasis were
      studied for the determination of histamine levels, IgE and total eosinophil
      counts and their correlation with the clinical manifestations of the disease.
      Serum histamine levels were significantly increased in acute and chronically
      infected patients. Serum IgE levels were markedly increased in all patients with
      S. mansoni infection and S. haematobium infection and moderately elevated in
      chronic patients. Eosinophilia was found in 60% of patients with S. mansoni
      infection and in 83% with S. haematobium infection. Ascitic fluid analysis
      revealed the presence of IgE and high concentrations of histamine. There was also
      a significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) between serum and ascitic
      fluid histamine levels, as well as to IgE levels. These results support the
      contention that histamine and other immune system components may play a role in
      the pathophysiology of different stages of schistosomiasis.

PMID- 6829984
TI  - Immunologic studies of human schistosomiasis. I. Clinical and immunological
      findings in acute and chronic schistosomiasis.
AB  - Sera and ascitic fluid of 26 patients with acute and chronic schistosomiasis were
      studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC's), IgG, IgM, IgA,
      complement C3 and C4, as well as their correlation with the clinical
      manifestations of the disease. Serum levels of CIC's and IgG were significantly
      increased in patients with acute S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections and in
      patients with chronic schistosomiasis. Serum IgA levels were evaluated in 20% of
      patients with S. mansoni infection, 67% with S. haematobium infections and in
      100% of chronically infected patients. Complement C3 levels were normal in all
      patients. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed the presence of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and
      C4 and high concentrations of CIC's. A significant positive correlation was
      demonstrated to occur between serum CIC's and IgG, as well as between the serum
      and ascitic fluid levels of CIC's of chronic patients. These findings also
      correlated with the degree and severity of the clinical syndrome.

PMID- 6829986
TI  - Buying a practice.

PMID- 6829989
TI  - Effect of altitude change on MAST suit pressure.
AB  - Transport of patients involving changes in altitude has become commonplace in the
      treatment of trauma patients. Often these patients are treated with medical
      antishock trouser (MAST) suits initially and during transport. The effects of
      altitude changes on the pressures generated in MAST suits were systematically
      investigated. Jobst Standard Antishock Air Pants were applied to the lower half
      of a Resusci-Anne dummy and inflated to 30 mm Hg of pressure. In a simulation of
      patient transport, the inflated MAST suit and dummy were placed in a helicopter
      and ascended from 2,500 feet to 9,500 feet. Pressures increased to 84, 87, and 87
      mm Hg in three separate trials. Intermittent MAST suit pressure readings at 1,000
      foot increments in altitude showed a positive linear relationship. Three
      descending trials, in which the MAST suit was inflated to 60 mm Hg at 9,500 feet
      and the helicopter descended to 2,500 feet, were also done. Pressures dropped to
      7, 8.5, and 8 mm Hg in the three trials. A positive second order relationship
      between MAST suit pressure and altitude was noted for the descending trials. It
      was concluded that MAST suit pressure is a function of altitude. Emergency
      medicine personnel should be aware of this, and should monitor patients
      accordingly when transporting through changes in altitude.

PMID- 6829988
TI  - Use of calcium in prehospital cardiac arrest.
AB  - All records of patients presenting to the Milwaukee County Paramedic System for
      the period of January 1 to December 31, 1980 were reviewed retrospectively. One
      hundred seventy-nine patients initially presented in asystole, and 116 patients
      initially presented in electromechanical dissociation (EMD). All patients with
      trauma and poisoning were excluded. The in-field successful resuscitation rates
      for asystole were 8/105 (8%) in the calcium group versus 8/24 (33%) in the no
      calcium group (P less than .002); for EMD they were 10/63 (16%) in the calcium
      group versus 8/18 (44%) in the no-calcium group (P less than .02). A successful
      resuscitation is defined as the conveyance of a patient to the emergency
      department with a pulse and cardiac rhythm. There were no significant differences
      between the calcium and no-calcium groups in both the asystole and EMD patients.
      The use of calcium in the prehospital setting in the currently recommended dosage
      for cardiac arrest with initial arrest rhythms of asystole and EMD is highly
      suspect.

PMID- 6829987
TI  - Improved oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with interposed
      abdominal compressions.
AB  - The ability of a new modification of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to
      deliver oxygen to tissues was evaluated. The method utilizes standard CPR
      techniques with the addition of manual abdominal compressions (congruent to 100
      mm Hg) interposed between chest compressions, and is termed interposed abdominal
      compression-CPR (IAC-CPR). Oxygen delivery was measured by a spirometer in a
      closed circuit designed to permit positive-pressure ventilation synchronized with
      mechanical chest compression. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically
      in 10 anesthetized dogs. In each dog, trials of IAC-CPR and standard CPR were
      alternated every five minutes during a 30-minute period. Arterial and central
      venous blood pressures, oxygen consumption, and Fick cardiac output were
      monitored. The addition of interposed abdominal compression significantly (P less
      than .01) increased each of these hemodynamic indicators. Oxygen delivery
      increased from 4.12 +/- 0.39 ml O2/kg/min during standard CPR to 6.37 +/- 0.35 ml
      O2/kg/min during IAC-CPR. Arterial systolic blood pressure increased from 67 +/-
      5 mm Hg to 90 +/- 5 mm Hg, while diastolic arterial blood pressure rose from 15
      +/- 2 mm Hg to 33 +/- 3 mm Hg. Cardiac output increased from 19.9 +/- 2.6
      ml/min/kg to 37.5 +/- 2.7 ml/min/kg.

PMID- 6829990
TI  - Ventilatory status early after head injury.
AB  - The ventilatory status of patients within the first few hours following head
      injury has not been well established. We prospectively studied 63 patients who
      presented to an urban trauma center with varying severity of head injury to
      determine whether any trend toward hypo- or hyperventilation existed within the
      first two hours following injury. Arterial blood gas analysis done on emergency
      presentation showed that 14 patients with severe head injury (Glasgow coma scale
      less than or equal to 4) had mean pH values of 7.29 and mean PaCO2 of 41.86 torr.
      Twenty patients categorized as moderate head injury (GCS = 5-11) had mean pH
      values of 7.38 with a mean PaCO2 of 34.1 torr. Twenty-nine patients with GCS
      greater than or equal to 12 had mean pH and PaCO2 values of 7.4 and 31.8 torr,
      respectively. These differences in pH and PaCO2 were statistically significant
      between the GCS groups with mild and severe head injury (P less than or equal to
      .01 pH), (P = .05 PCO2), and could not be explained on the basis of hypoxemia,
      blood alcohol level, hypotension, or associated chest injury. It is concluded
      that patients with severe craniocerebral trauma show an early trend toward
      hypercapnea and acidosis. Immediate control of airway and assisted ventilation is
      necessary in order to reduce PaCO2 to optimal levels in patients with severe head
      injury.

PMID- 6829991
TI  - Rapid fluid resuscitation with central venous catheters.
AB  - We attempted to determine whether central venous catheters are effective for
      rapid fluid administration in moderately to severely hypovolemic patients.
      Comparative maximum flow rates with water and blood products were tabulated for
      various central and peripheral catheters. The USCI 8 and 9 French introducers
      (USCI Cardiology and Radiology Division, CR Bard, Inc, Ellerica, MA) had the
      fastest flow rates of all catheters tested (P less than .05). The best peripheral
      catheter, IV extension tubing cut to 12-inch length, had slightly less flow than
      did the introducers (P less than .05). The Deseret Subclavian Jugular Catheter
      (Deseret Co, Sandy, UT) had by far the slowest measured flow rates. Several
      parameters were evaluated that alter flow rates regardless of catheter size,
      including a pressure infusion cuff, packed red blood cells diluted with normal
      saline, and a Fenwal blood warmer (Fenwal Laboratories, Division of Travenol
      Laboratories, Inc, Deerfield, IL). Central venous catheters can be effective
      adjuncts for rapid fluid administration.

PMID- 6829992
TI  - Interpretation of pediatric x-ray films by emergency department pediatricians.
AB  - This study compared the interpretation of pediatric roentgenograms by emergency
      department pediatricians and radiologists. Data were available from 532 of 600
      children who had 564 radiographic studies during a six-week period: 217
      examinations of the chest, 200 of the extremities, 74 of the skull, 35 of the
      abdomen, and 38 of miscellaneous structures. The emergency department
      pediatricians and the radiologists were in agreement in 91.1% of the cases. Among
      the 50 of 564 (8.9%) discordant studies, only seven (1.2%) required changes in
      therapy. The results attest to the accuracy of emergency department pediatricians
      in interpreting the usual types of films ordered in their department. However,
      this group specifically erred in the identification of subtle fractures and the
      detection of abnormalities incidental to the primary purpose for which the film
      was obtained. Future educational programs should address these areas of
      deficiency.

PMID- 6829993
TI  - Selective management of penetrating neck wounds.
AB  - Of 67 patients with penetrating neck wounds admitted to the hospital between 1969
      and 1979, 22 (32.8%) were taken to the operating room and 14 (63.6%) were found
      to have major structural damage. Three patients died (4.4%), all as a direct
      result of their associated head injuries and none as a result of their neck
      wounds, regardless of management. Five patients (7.4%) had complications. The
      average hospital stay for patients undergoing surgery was 4.9 days; for those
      observed with multiple injuries, 4.6 days; and for those observed with isolated
      neck wounds, 2.4 days. Indications for selective exploration are presented.

PMID- 6829994
TI  - Improved emergency department patient flow: five years of experience with a
      scribe system.
AB  - Alternative methods for rapidly producing accurate medical records, usually
      dictation-transcription systems or nurse-scribe methods, have been used in
      emergency departments. We now have more than five years of experience with a non
      nurse scribe system. This system has proven effective in generating accurate and
      complete medical records while enhancing patient flow. We describe the system and
      its implementation.

PMID- 6829995
TI  - Emergency drills in a pediatric residency training program.
AB  - A variety of common pediatric emergencies were created in anesthetized cats to
      provide pediatric house officers and practicing physicians with an opportunity to
      refine diagnostic and management skills in a controlled environment under
      supervision. We describe the format of the animal model drill, outline protocols
      for stimulating pediatric critical care emergencies, and present preliminary
      evaluation data from a continuing medical education workshop and from house staff
      drills regarding the efficacy of the program.

PMID- 6829996
TI  - Pneumothorax in drug abusers: a complication of internal jugular venous
      injections.
AB  - We report the cases of six patients who suffered pneumothorax following admitted
      drug injection into the internal jugular vein area. One was treated in the
      hospital with observation and serial roentgenograms, two were treated with chest
      tube thoracostomy, and three left the emergency department against medical advice
      and were lost to follow up. As increasing numbers of parenteral addicts turn to
      central venous injection sites, this complication is likely to become more
      common.

PMID- 6829997
TI  - Baclofen overdose.
AB  - Reported is a case of baclofen overdose in a 23-year-old woman. The patient
      manifested typical symptoms of baclofen overdose, including hypotonia,
      respiratory depression, and seizures. She was treated successfully with positive
      pressure ventilation, sedation, and intravenous antibiotics, and was discharged
      from the hospital on the 14th day following admission with no residual
      neurological signs, to be followed up in medical and psychiatric outpatient
      clinics. As baclofen becomes increasingly popular in the treatment of muscle
      spasm in certain neurological disorders, its availability for misuse increases.

PMID- 6829998
TI  - Rupture of the uterus with DIC.
AB  - Rupture of the uterus is an uncommon obstetric emergency that usually occurs
      after 36 weeks gestation in a woman with a previous cesarean section. Complete
      rupture of the uterus with extrusion of the fetus into the peritoneal cavity is
      associated with high fetal mortality and with hypovolemic shock in the mother.
      Incomplete ruptures are less catastrophic and are often found incidentally at
      routine elective cesarean section. Management of uterine rupture consists of
      prompt recognition, rapid replacement of maternal blood volume, and early
      laparotomy and hysterectomy or, in selected cases, uterine repair. Disseminated
      intravascular coagulation has been reported in association with such obstetrical
      emergencies as abruptio placentae, intrauterine fetal demise, septic abortion,
      and amniotic fluid embolism. We report a case in which there was clinical and
      laboratory evidence of DIC in a patient with uterine rupture. The patient was
      successfully managed with prompt hysterectomy and replacement of coagulation
      factors.

PMID- 6829999
TI  - Rebound rib: stress-induced first rib fracture.
AB  - Reported are two cases of stress-induced fracture of the first rib in young,
      healthy basketball players. Presumably the fractures resulted from violent
      contraction of the scalene musculature. This is the usual method of production of
      stress-induced first rib fracture, but basketball-related cases have not been
      reported previously. This entity probably is underdiagnosed, and is amenable to
      conservative outpatient management in most cases.

PMID- 6830000
TI  - Emergency ambulance transport to medical facilities.

PMID- 6830001
TI  - IAC-CPR: "A promising manual method"?

PMID- 6830002
TI  - Freestanding emergency physicians.

PMID- 6830003
TI  - Freestanding facilities.

PMID- 6830004
TI  - Reassessment of EOA use by paramedics.

PMID- 6830005
TI  - CPR: a report of observed medical complications during training.

PMID- 6830006
TI  - A simple method for administering endotracheal medication.

PMID- 6830007
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and L-asparaginase in
      dogs.
AB  - The acute effects of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and L-asparaginase on the
      humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in dogs were evaluated. Dogs were
      given a single dose of cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg of body weight, IV), a single
      dose of vincristine (0.025 mg/kg, IV), a single dose of L-asparaginase (400 U/kg,
      IV), or a combination of these drugs at the aforementioned dosages administered
      simultaneously. The total number of leukocytes decreased significantly (P = less
      than 0.05) on posttreatment day 3 in the cyclophosphamide-treated dogs. Antibody
      responses and lymphocyte blastogenesis were not affected. A transient lymphopenia
      on posttreatment day 1 was the only response seen in the vincristine-treated
      dogs. Antibody responses to sheep RBC and lymphocyte blastogenesis were
      suppressed in the L-asparaginase-treated dogs. L-Asparaginase did not affect the
      antibody response to bovine serum albumin or peripheral blood leukocyte counts.
      Suppressed antibody responses to sheep RBC and to bovine serum albumin, depressed
      lymphocyte blastogenesis, and decreased numbers of all peripheral blood
      leukocytes were seen in dogs given the 3 drugs in combination.

PMID- 6830008
TI  - Effects of cyclocryosurgery on the clinically normal canine eye.
AB  - Four cyclocryosurgical procedures were compared for effects on normal canine
      eyes. All procedures produced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in
      intraocular pressure, a marked uveitis, ciliary epithelial cell loss, edema and
      engorgement of the ciliary processes, iris necrosis, protein effusion, chemosis,
      and mild discomfort, as indicated by mild blepharospasm and slight epiphora. The
      histopathologic changes were evaluated at 5 minutes, 1 week, 1 month, and 6
      months after surgery. The ciliary epithelium was normal in appearance and
      intraocular pressure had returned to the normal range at 6 months after surgery.
      The adverse reactions to the cyclocryosurgical procedures included retinal
      detachments, chemosis, conjunctivitis, transient increased intraocular pressure,
      uveitis, iris depigmentation, and corneal granulation tissue.

PMID- 6830009
TI  - Comparison of an infective avirulent and canine virulent Bordetella
      bronchiseptica.
AB  - Two Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates, S-55 and D-2, were evaluated in dogs for
      inducement of (i) infection, (ii) clinical bordetellosis, and (iii)
      histopathologic changes on tracheal and bronchiole tissues. Further, each isolate
      was characterized for variance in (i) toxicity for mice and (ii) intracellular
      proteins. Both S-55 and D-2 were detectable in test dog groups during the 26-day
      test period, although 545 times more D-2 was recovered than was S-55. In dogs
      inoculated with D-2, clinical infectious tracheobronchitis appeared in 4 days and
      continued for 22 days. Bordetellosis was not observed in dogs given S-55 or in
      noninoculated dogs. Tracheal and bronchiole tissues from dogs inoculated with the
      S-55 and D-2 isolates were microscopically examined for lesions. Dogs inoculated
      with S-55 did not have tracheal or bronchiole lesions. Lesions were not observed
      in noninoculated dogs. Dogs inoculated with D-2 had marked lesions in the
      tracheal and bronchiole tissues. The D-2 whole cells were an average 4.8 times as
      lethal as S-55 whole cells in mice (given intraperitoneal inoculation), whereas
      cell-free culture supernatants from S-55 and D-2 isolates were nontoxic. Cell
      free sonicated extracts of S-55 and D-2 proved toxic to mice (intraperitoneal
      inoculation), but after the extracts were heated at 56 C for 30 minutes, both
      were nontoxic. Intracellular proteins of approximately 116,000 and 44,000 daltons
      were found in higher concentration in D-2 cells than in S-55 cells.

PMID- 6830010
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and its effect on adrenal gland function in the
      dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone (DXM) was studied in a group of 5 dogs
      given DXM alcohol or DXM 21-isonicotinate (as a solution) IV or IM (1 mg/kg of
      body weight) and DXM 21-isonicotinate (as a suspension) IM (0.1 or 1 mg/kg).
      Plasma concentrations were determined, using a high-performance liquid
      chromatography method. After IV administration, the half time of elimination was
      similar (120 to 140 minutes) for both formulations. In addition, all other
      pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different, indicating that DXM
      21-isonicotinate renders DXM almost totally available. After IM administration,
      absorption was rapid for both solutions with a peak plasma concentration at 30 to
      40 minutes. Bioavailability was approximately 100% for DXM alcohol, but limited
      (40%) for DXM 21-isonicotinate. After IM administration of DXM 21-isonicotinate
      (as a suspension) at 2 dosage rates (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), DXM was not detected in the
      plasma, suggesting a long phase of absorption. Plasma hydrocortisone (cortisol)
      values were similar after IM and IV administrations of DXM alcohol and DXM 21
      isonicotinate (as a solution); after a short increase lasting 15 minutes, plasma
      hydrocortisone values decreased and returned to base line after a delay of 24 to
      48 hours. After IM administration of DXM 21-isonicotinate as a suspension, plasma
      hydrocortisone values decreased for up to 10 days after the low dosage rate (0.1
      mg/kg) and 1 month after the higher dosage rate (1 mg/kg).

PMID- 6830012
TI  - Effect of bacterial dose on pneumonia induced by aerosol exposure of calves to
      bovine herpesvirus-1 and Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - Sixteen crossbred Hereford range calves were used to study the effects of
      Pasteurella haemolytica aerosols of various concentrations administered 4 days
      after they were exposed to a uniform aerosol of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). All
      calves were given BHV-1 on day 0. On day 4, groups of 4 calves each were exposed
      to aerosols of P haemolytica generated from suspensions with the following
      concentrations: high (10(8)/ml)--group 1, moderate (10(5)/ml)--group 2, low
      (10(2)/ml)--group 3, or none (control)--group 4. All calves developed clinical
      signs of respiratory infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Those in group 4
      (controls) and group 3 (low bacterial concentration exposure) were near complete
      recovery by day 8. At necropsy, most calves in all groups had diphtheritic
      inflammation of the mucosal surfaces of the upper and lower respiratory tracts
      and lobular atelectasis of the lung parenchyma. Three of the group 2 calves
      (exposed to the moderate concentration of P haemolytica) and all group 1 calves
      became severely ill with fibrinous pneumonia; 3 in the latter group died by day
      8. For the conditions of this experiment, the 50% lethal dose was 1 X 10(7.1)
      bacteria/ml of suspension from which the aerosol was generated and 1 X 10(5.1) P
      haemolytica inhaled/calf. The 50% effective dose for fibrinous pneumonia was 1 X
      10(4.1) P haemolytica/ml of suspension and 1 X 10(2.1) bacteria inhaled/calf. The
      term "inhaled" was used to mean the number of organisms estimated to be taken
      into the respiratory tract at the level of the nostrils. The results indicated
      that there is a positive relationship between degree of exposure to P haemolytica
      and severity of pneumonia in this disease model.

PMID- 6830011
TI  - Effects of prolonged distention of retention catheters on the urethra of dogs and
      cats.
AB  - The effects of inflation of a balloon-tipped catheter in the distal part of the
      urethra of clinically healthy male and female dogs and cats were evaluated.
      Tissues were evaluated at 1 and 14 days after balloon inflation. Macroscopic and
      microscopic lesions were limited to the distal part of the urethra occupied by
      the inflated balloon in animals which were euthanatized 1 day after balloon
      inflation. The lesions were characterized by submucosal urethral hemorrhage. This
      investigation indicates that balloon inflation for 15 minutes duration in the
      distal part of the urethra of dogs and cats results in a mild reversible
      inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 6830015
TI  - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: evidence for general immunity.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine whether acquired immunity to Moraxella bovis
      during episodes of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) was local or
      general. Twelve calves (principals) were exposed to M bovis in the left eye by
      conjunctival sac instillation on day 1 and in both eyes on day 21. Six calves
      exposed in both eyes at day 1 and six others exposed at day 21 served as
      controls. The mean duration of infection in the right eyes of principal calves
      was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that in the left eyes of
      principal calves, as well as those of the control calves. There were no
      significant differences (P less than 0.2) in the durations of infection between
      the 2 groups of the control calves or the duration of infection in the left eyes
      of principal calves. Five of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 1 controls and 4
      of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 21 controls developed IBK. Ten of 12 of the
      principals developed IBK in the left eye when exposed on day 1, but only 1 of 12
      principals developed IBK in the right eye when exposed on day 21. It was
      concluded that the resistance to infection after initial infection is probably
      due to a generalized immune response, rather than to a localized response.

PMID- 6830013
TI  - Intramammary inoculation of the dairy cow with Staphylococcus aureus and
      Staphylococcus epidermidis during the nonlactating period.
AB  - The susceptibility of nonlactating mammary glands to intramammary inoculation
      with staphylococci was determined. Susceptibility was determined by inoculation
      of bacteria through the teat canal directly into the gland sinus. In experiment
      1, Staphylococcus aureus (Newbould 305, ATCC 29740) was inoculated into glands at
      various intervals throughout the nonlactating period. During the first month, 35
      of 52 inoculated glands became infected (67.3%). During the month before
      parturition when 37 glands were inoculated, 36 became infected (97.3%). In
      experiment 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis (A-44) was inoculated into mammary
      glands. During the first month of the nonlactating period, 35 glands were
      inoculated and only 6 glands became infected (17%). During the month before
      parturition, 36 of 38 inoculated glands became infected (94%). It appears that
      the mammary gland is susceptible to staphylococcal infection during the
      nonlactating period, because all glands became infected when they were inoculated
      during the month before parturition.

PMID- 6830016
TI  - Equine esophageal pressure profile.
AB  - Esophageal motility was studied in 5 healthy adult horses, using a 4 side-hole
      catheter assembly continuously perfused with distilled water. Resting pressure
      and maximal pressures generated during swallowing were measured over the whole
      length of the esophagus (mean +/- S means = 132.7 +/- 2.31 cm). Four functionally
      distinct regions of the esophagus were demonstrated: cranial esophageal
      sphincter, caudal esophageal sphincter, and "fast" and "slow" regions in the body
      of the esophagus. The resting pressure of the cranial and caudal esophageal
      sphincters were 171.1 +/- 20.45 (x +/- S means) and 10.5 +/- 0.61 (x +/- S means)
      mm of Hg, respectively. The maximal pressure of the "fast" and the "slow"
      esophageal regions and caudal esophageal sphincter were 63.1 +/- 3.75 (x +/- S
      means), 71.9 +/- 3.65 (x +/- S means), and 63.1 +/- 2.60 (x +/- S means) mm of
      Hg, respectively. The length of each region and duration of pressure events were
      quantitated, establishing an equine esophageal pressure profile.

PMID- 6830014
TI  - Relationship between ingestion of the locoweed Oxytropis sericea and congestive
      right-sided heart failure in cattle.
AB  - In field observations of young cattle grazing on certain high-altitude ranges
      infested with the locoweed Oxytropis sericea, a high frequency of clinical
      congestive right ventricular failure was identified. At necropsy of affected
      calves, there were right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation, subcutaneous
      edema, hydrothorax, diarrhea, and chronic passive congestion of liver.
      Microscopically, there was neurovisceral foamy cytoplasmic vacuolation,
      characteristic of locoism. An experiment was set up to test the relationship of O
      sericea to congestive right-ventricular failure. Preliminary investigation
      supports the field observation.

PMID- 6830017
TI  - Cortisol (hydrocortisone) disappearance rate and pathophysiologic changes after
      bilateral adrenalectomy in equids.
AB  - Six ponies and 1 horse were bilaterally adrenalectomized (BADX). The survival
      time of 2 of the 7 animals after BADX was 24 and 72 hours without supplemental
      corticosteroids. The cause of death was not related to the surgical technique.
      The biological half-life of cortisol (hydrocortisone) was estimated to be 2.1 +/-
      0.6 hours. The disappearance of cortisol in the horse was found to be biphasic,
      composed of redistribution and elimination phases. Pathophysiologic changes (ie,
      increased serum sodium and chloride, increased PCV, and decreased serum
      potassium) similar to those seen in other species after BADX were found.
      Clearance of electrolytes was calculated, using the creatinine clearance method.
      These values were inversely correlated with the changes seen in serum
      electrolytes.

PMID- 6830018
TI  - Sodium retention and cortisol (hydrocortisone) suppression caused by
      dexamethasone and triamcinolone in equids.
AB  - Three ponies and 1 horse were bilaterally adrenalectomized (BADX). The initial
      hypoadrenal episode after BADX was reversed with 20 mg of dexamethasone (DXM) IM
      (n = 2) or 20 mg of triamcinolone (TMC) IM (n = 2). Nine hypoadrenal crises were
      reversed with 20 mg of DXM given IM (n = 4) or 20 mg of TMC given IM (n = 5).
      Sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion were documented based on
      changes in serum electrolytes and urinary excretion. Eight intact adult horses
      were randomly assigned to 2 groups to study the effects of a single IM injection
      of DXM (0.044 mg/kg of body weight) or TMC (0.044 mg/kg). Cortisol
      (hydrocortisone) suppression was found to be maximal (nondetectable amounts of
      cortisol) by 12 hours in both groups. Cortisol was again detectable in the DXM
      group at 24 hours after injection and was at pretreatment values at 168 hours.
      Cortisol was not detectable in the TMC group for 192 hours and did not reach
      pretreatment values until 336 hours. The duration of the gluconeogenic effect was
      compared with the duration of cortisol suppression exerted by DXM and TMC in
      these intact animals. Assuming that the decrease in plasma glucose coincides with
      the decrease in glucocorticoid activity of the respective steroid, a relative
      hypoadrenocortical state was found in the animals treated with DXM between the
      2nd and 7th day after treatment, whereas this state occurred between the 6th and
      14th day after treatment with TMC.

PMID- 6830021
TI  - Numbers of gastrointestinal helminth eggs of Wyoming cattle in two surveys: 1957
      to 1961 and 1973 to 1977.
AB  - From 1973 to 1977, a survey of internal parasites in Wyoming cattle was conducted
      via fecal analyses of 1,490 beef cattle. Sugar flotation techniques were used,
      with a factor of 2 times the actual egg counts. The prevalence of internal
      parasites of beef cattle in this survey was compared with that in a previous
      survey conducted on Wyoming beef cattle from 1957 to 1961. Results of analyses
      indicated no true change in mean eggs per gram of feces (epg) as follows: calves,
      14 epg in 1961 and 20 epg in 1977; yearlings, 29 epg in 1961 and 19 epg in 1977;
      and adults, 22 epg in 1961 and 21 epg in 1977.

PMID- 6830022
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in dogs.
AB  - The effects of butorphanol given (IV) at dose levels of 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg were
      evaluated in conscious dogs, n = 5 for each dose. Mild sedation occurred, though
      it was greater in dogs given the larger dose. Two dogs in each group panted, but
      PaCO2 was not significantly changed. Small, but significant, decreases in
      arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and PaO2 occurred (P less than 0.05). Base
      excess developed a negative trend. The PCV and total protein decreased slightly
      in dogs given the smaller dose, but were unchanged with the larger dose. Plasma
      glucose remained within acceptable limits.

PMID- 6830020
TI  - Reduction of serum triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein concentrations in cows with
      hepatic lipidosis.
AB  - The hepatic and serum lipid concentrations in 49 dairy cows with displaced
      abomasum, 7 postpartum cows fasted for 6 days, and 14 healthy postpartum cows
      were studied. The cows with displaced abomasums were retrospectively allotted to
      2 groups: those with greater than 15% liver fat (DAHF) and those with less than
      15% liver fat (DALF). Liver total lipid concentrations were high in the DAHF
      group, exceeding these values in the fasted cows by 30% and in the healthy and
      DALF cows by 63% on the average. In contrast, the liver phospholipid
      concentrations were low in the DAHF group, intermediate in the fasted and DALF
      groups and high in the healthy group. On a group basis, an inverse relationship
      was observed between serum and liver lipid concentrations. The serum
      concentrations of both total and dextran-sulfate-precipitable (DSP) lipids were
      high in the fasted cows and were less in the DALF and healthy cows and in the
      DAHF cows (lowest). The between-group differences in serum total and serum DSP
      concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid followed the
      same quantitative pattern as the total lipids. However, the relative difference
      between groups was greater for each of the DSP lipid fractions. These results
      support the hypothesis that severe hepatic lipidosis in cattle occurs due to
      impaired hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and secretion.

PMID- 6830019
TI  - Isolation of the turkey heterophil and measurement of its migratory functions
      under agarose.
AB  - A procedure for isolation of the turkey heterophil was developed. The procedure
      involves preliminary lysis of erythrocytes, using ammonium chloride and
      centrifugation of the leukocytes over a discontinuous gradient of 18% and 24%
      Ficoll. A minimum of 30% of the heterophils was consistently recovered from whole
      blood by application of this procedure. Spontaneous and chemotactic migratory
      responses of the isolated heterophils were assessed, using the migration under
      agarose technique. Supplementation of the agarose with 10% heat-inactivated
      turkey plasma and extension of the incubation period to 3 hours at 41 C in a 5%
      CO2-humidified atmosphere were required for optimal chemotaxis in response to
      zymosan-activated chicken serum. The heterophils did not respond chemotactically
      to the oligopeptide attractant, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and did
      not specifically bind a radiolabeled form of this ligand.

PMID- 6830023
TI  - Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus on the clinically normal canine hair coat.

PMID- 6830024
TI  - Characterization of the hemolysin produced by haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.
AB  - Production and characterization of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae hemolysin were
      investigated by using 5 serotype 2 strains. The hemolysin was produced in chicken
      meat-infusion broth medium both in stationary and in shaking cultures. In
      stationary culture, hemolytic activity against horse RBC reached maximum at
      postincubation day 5 (at the late stage of stationary phase), and the activity
      was maintained at the same level for 2 days thereafter. The hemolytic activity of
      shaking culture reached a maximum at postincubation hour 9 (at the early stage of
      logarithmic-growth phase), gradually decreased, and disappeared at postincubation
      day 2. The hemolysin was shown to be an extracellular product of the bacterial
      cells. The RBC of horses, rabbits, and sheep were highly susceptible to the
      hemolysin, and those of pigs and guinea pigs were less susceptible, whereas RBC
      of 60-day-old chicks were not susceptible. The hemolysin was not inactivated by
      autoclaving at 121 C for 2 hours, and by treatments with formalin, trypsin, or
      pronase. The presence of calcium or magnesium ions did not change the activity,
      whereas iodoacetic acid significantly reduced the activity.

PMID- 6830025
TI  - Immunologic measurement of elastin-derived peptides in human serum.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of morbidity and
      death in the smoking population, develops insidiously over many years, and
      usually significant impairment of lung function has occurred before the disease
      is diagnosed. It is likely that destruction of the elastic fiber is a
      prerequisite for the development of the disease, and it is possible that
      immunologic identification in the serum of peptides derived from lung elastin
      degradation might be an effective approach to the early detection and monitoring
      of the disease. We prepared antibodies to peptides derived from human lung
      parenchymal elastin and used these antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbant
      assay to quantitate elastin-derived peptides in the serum of 39 normal control
      nonsmokers, 33 smokers with normal lung function, and 40 patients with COPD. On
      average, statistically significant higher levels of elastin-derived peptides were
      found in the normal smokers and COPD patients compared to the controls. Further
      work with larger numbers of subjects is necessary to determine whether such a
      test is effective in identifying those individuals who are at risk of developing
      COPD.

PMID- 6830026
TI  - Vitamin C--new tricks for an old dog.

PMID- 6830027
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on response to methacholine challenge in asthmatic
      subjects.
AB  - We studied the effect of ascorbic acid in 14 mild asthmatic subjects. The effect
      of ascorbic acid (1.0 g orally) was assessed by the changes in concentration of
      methacholine required to decrease the specific airway conductance by 40% (pD40).
      Ascorbic acid increased pD40 from control values of 9.38 +/- 1.97 mg/ml (mean +/-
      SEM) to 12.59 mg/ml +/- 2.52 (p less than 0.05). Administration of 50 mg of
      indomethacin, orally, reversed the effect of ascorbic acid. Indomethacin alone
      had no effect on the mean pD40. The results suggest that ascorbic acid exerts its
      effect via alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6830028
TI  - Increased ventilation caused by improved diaphragmatic efficiency during
      aminophylline infusion.
AB  - The mechanism underlying the increase in ventilation (VE) observed during
      aminophylline infusion was investigated in 12 anesthetized spontaneously
      breathing dogs. Progressive doses of aminophylline were infused every 30 min,
      leading to plasmatic levels of 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 50 mg/L. The increase in
      VE observed while increasing aminophylline plasmatic concentration ranged from
      4.2 +/- 6 to 9.5 +/- 1.2 L/min. Concomitantly to VE, we measured an index of the
      inspiratory neuromuscular output of the diaphragm, the transdiaphragmatic
      pressure generated at FRC 0.1 s after the onset of a spontaneous inspiration
      developed against closed airways (Pdi0.1). For each plasmatic level of
      aminophylline, Pdi0.1 increased as VE (117 +/- 4, 126 +/- 2, 140 +/- 6% of
      control values for 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 50 mg/L, respectively). To establish
      the role played by an improvement in diaphragmatic contractility in the increase
      in Pdi0.1 with aminophylline, we measured for each plasmatic level of
      aminophylline the transdiaphragmatic pressure generated at FRC against closed
      airways during supramaximal stimulation at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz of the 2
      phrenic nerves (Pdi). Pdi increased while increasing aminophylline plasmatic
      level for all the frequencies of stimulation. A relationship was found between
      Pdi and Pdi0.1 at any aminophylline plasmatic level as well as with VE. No change
      in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system occurred with
      aminophylline. We conclude that the increase in VE observed after aminophylline
      administration in our animal model is essentially due to an improvement in
      diaphragmatic contractility rather than an increase in the central nervous system
      output.

PMID- 6830030
TI  - The respiratory health and lung function of Anglo-American children in a smelter
      town.
AB  - Cooper smelters are large, usually isolated, sources of air pollution. Arizona
      has several such plants on the periphery of small communities. The smelters emit
      predominantly sulfur oxides and particulates, and the residents of these
      communities intermittently are exposed to high concentrations (24-h sulfur
      dioxide (SO2) = 250 to 500 micrograms/m3) of smelter smoke but little other
      pollution. This study compared the respiratory health of Anglo-American school
      children who lived in one smelter community with children living in another small
      community in Arizona that was free of smelter air pollution. The prevalence of
      cough, as determined by questionnaire, was 25.6% in the smelter town children and
      14.3% in the nonsmelter town children (p less than 0.05). Pulmonary function at
      the study onset was equal in the two groups. Over the course of the 4 yr of
      study, lung function growth (measured as actual forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) after 4 yr of study minus predicted FEV1) was also equal in the
      smelter town and nonsmelter town children. These results suggest that children in
      smelter communities have slightly more cough when compared with children living
      in other communities, but no differences in initial lung function or lung
      function at yearly testing over the period of the study.

PMID- 6830029
TI  - Inhibition of airway reactivity by nifedipine in patients with coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - Nine patients with coronary artery disease were challenged with aerosolized
      methacholine before and 3 days after the daily oral administration of 30 mg of
      nifedipine. Resting airway tone appeared to be generally unaffected by
      nifedipine, as there were no significant changes in the baseline ventilatory
      functions. Serial measurements of spirometry and airway resistance were made
      after cumulative methacholine doses of 1.25, 3.75, and 8.75 mg. Identical doses
      of methacholine induced smaller changes in specific airway conductance (p less
      than 0.02), airway resistance (p less than 0.001), FEV1 (p less than 0.02), and
      FEF25-75% (p less than 0.01) after nifedipine therapy than before. These
      differences were significant at all methacholine dosage levels by paired t test
      except for FEV1 at the 3.75 mg dose. This study demonstrated that the
      bronchospastic response to methacholine in patients with coronary artery disease
      is reduced after the administration of nifedipine. This salutary effect on
      ventilatory function may be of importance to cardiac patients with concomitant
      chronic airway obstruction who are intolerant of beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

PMID- 6830031
TI  - Elevated pulse flow resistance in awake obese subjects with obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - We measured resistance to air flow using the pulse technique in 5 normal subjects
      and in 12 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea while awake. At the end of
      an expiration, a constant flow pulse of 0.3 L/s of air was blown into a subject's
      mouth, while transpulmonary pressure and total transrespiratory pressure were
      recorded. Resistance was calculated by dividing the initial pressure step by the
      pulse flow rate. Nocturnal sleep studies were performed in patients with an ear
      oximeter, esophageal catheter, and face mask pneumotachometer; in the normal
      subjects, the studies were performed with an oximeter. A desaturation index was
      calculated by multiplying the average maximal percent desaturation during each
      apneic episode by the average number of desaturation episodes per hour of sleep.
      Transpulmonary and total transrespiratory system pulse flow resistance (RI and
      Rtot) were highly correlated with desaturation index (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001
      and r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, respectively). The elevated pulse flow airway
      resistance in our patients may be caused by upper airway narrowing because of
      compression by fat, by lax tone in pharyngeal muscles, or by both. Measurements
      of RI and Rtot may be useful to detect and follow subjects with obstructive sleep
      apnea.

PMID- 6830032
TI  - Maturation of lung function in children with hypopituitarism.
AB  - To identify factors that bring about maturation of the respiratory system, we
      studied pulmonary function in 18 patients 9 to 19 yr of age with severe growth
      retardation caused by hypopituitarism. In 6 we measured pulmonary pressure-volume
      (P-V) curves before and after a 4 to 6 yr period of human growth-hormone-induced
      catch-up growth. Even when size-corrected according to total lung capacity (TLC),
      all measurements were more appropriate for height than for age. The ratio of
      functional residual capacity to TLC was low for age (less than 2 SD in 8 of 18
      patients), and the ratio of closing capacity to TLC was slightly high for age
      (108% of predicted, p less than 0.05). The diffusion constant for carbon monoxide
      and the slope of the nitrogen washout alveolar plateau were both high for age.
      Lung elastic recoil was low for age; Pst(L) at 60% TLC was less than 2 SD in 3 of
      the 6 patients studied. During the period of catch-up growth, TLC increased
      appropriately for height, the slope of the alveolar plateau decreased (1.9 to
      1.0% N2 L, p less than 0.01) and Pst(L) at 60% TLC increased (6.3 to 7.9 cm H2O,
      p less than 0.02). The P-V results indicate that growth of the lungs per se
      causes the increase in lung elastic recoil previously observed during childhood.

PMID- 6830033
TI  - Immediate cardiovascular effects of tension pneumothorax.
AB  - We studied the immediate cardiovascular effects of unilateral tension
      pneumothorax in sheep, a species with an intact mediastinal pleura similar to
      that in humans. Adult animals were restrained in the prone position and studied
      in the conscious state to permit spontaneous respiratory adjustments. We measured
      pressures in the ipsilateral pleural space (Ppli), contralateral pleural space
      (Pplc), esophagus (Pes), pulmonary artery (Ppa), superior vena cava (Pcv),
      carotid artery (Ps), as well as thermodilution cardiac output (CO) and heart rate
      (HR). Acute unilateral pneumothorax of 0, 10, and 20 cmH2O tension produced no
      significant changes in mean Ps, Pcv, and CO at any level of tension, but it did
      produce a marked increase in HR at 10 and 20 cmH2O tension (p less than 0.05).
      Similar observations were made with unilateral pneumothorax of 15 cmH2O for 30
      min. These results suggested that tension was transmitted incompletely to the
      mediastinum and contralateral hemithorax. This was confirmed by an increase from
      baseline of mean (+/- SE) end-expiratory Pes by 6.6 +/- 4.9 cmH2O and Pplc by 6.7
      +/- 6.0 cmH2O, for an increase in Ppli by 20.5 +/- 4.0 cmH2O. The respiratory
      intrathoracic pressure fluctuations were accentuated with mean increases of 211,
      78, and 117% in the ipsilateral pleural space, esophagus, and contralateral
      pleural space, respectively (p less than 0.05). When the increase in respiratory
      intrathoracic pressure fluctuations was prevented by artificial hyperventilation,
      CO decreased. We conclude that unilateral tension pneumothorax does not directly
      lower CO and Ps because of (1) incomplete transmission of the ipsilateral pleural
      pressure to the mediastinum and contralateral hemithorax, (2) marked respiratory
      intrathoracic pressure swings, and (3) compensatory tachycardia.

PMID- 6830035
TI  - Effect of respiratory loading on the relationship between occlusion pressure and
      diaphragm EMG during hypoxia and hypercapnia.
AB  - In 7 conscious, unsedated goats with chronically implanted diaphragm electrodes,
      the effect of respiratory loading on the relationship between occlusion pressure
      and diaphragm EMG was studied. Diaphragm electrical activity (ED) quantified by
      the moving average technique was measured in separate trials during progressive
      hyperoxic hypercapnia and progressive isocapnic hypoxia, both before and after
      inspiratory resistance had been increased by externally applied loads. Airway
      occlusion was performed during inspiration on random breaths at functional
      residual capacity, and the maximum negative pressure (Pmax) was measured. In all
      7 goats, occlusion pressure was greater with external loads (EL) than control.
      The peak ED of unoccluded breaths was greater with EL than control in all animals
      during hypoxia but in only 3 of the animals during hypercapnia. In half of the
      trials, the ratio of Pmax to ED of occluded or unoccluded breaths was higher with
      EL than control. In the remaining studies, the ratio was the same. FRC was
      unaffected by EL. In the one goat in which it was measured, intercostal EMG was
      also greater during EL than control. These results suggest that the inspiratory
      muscles other than the diaphragm are recruited during EL causing the Pmax to ED
      ratio to rise even if neuromechanical coupling remains unchanged. It is
      speculated that in conscious, unsedated animals, acute increases in the
      resistance to air flow affect the distribution of respiratory motor activity.

PMID- 6830034
TI  - Antifibrogenic effects of antiserum against the macrophage RNase.
AB  - Antiserum against the fibrogenesis controlling macrophage RNase was produced in
      rabbits. It caused an inhibition of 57% in the RNase activity in vitro. A
      distinct dose-response relationship was observed in the inhibiting effect of the
      antiserum on RNase-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured granulation
      tissue fibroblasts. The antifibrogenic properties of the antiserum were also
      tested in vivo. Rat lungs were made silicotic by intratracheal administration of
      SiO2. This treatment clearly increased the following parameters: wet weight, DNA,
      RNA, nitrogen and hydroxyproline content of the lung tissue, and protein
      concentration, RNase activity, and cell count of the lung lavage fluid. Also, the
      RNase activity of the lavage fluid cells was increased. Periodical intratracheal
      administration of the anti-RNase antiserum, optimally at 1:1,000 dilution,
      decreased the DNA, RNA, and hydroxyproline content of the lung tissue, each by
      about 30%. The RNase activity of lavage fluid cells was decreased by about 60%.
      In conclusion the antiserum had no effect on the normal lungs, but it
      significantly suppressed the development of silicosis.

PMID- 6830036
TI  - Cigarette smoke blocks cross-linking of elastin in vitro.
AB  - Water-soluble components of the gas phase of filtered cigarette smoke inhibit
      formation of covalent desmosine cross-links during conversion of tropoelastin to
      elastin in vitro. These same smoke components also suppress lysyl-oxidase
      catalyzed oxidation of lysine epsilon-amino groups in tropoelastin (the chemical
      step preceding formation of all elastin cross-links, including desmosine) in a
      dose-dependent fashion. However, gas phase smoke does not block the oxidation of
      diaminopentane by lysyl oxidase. Thus, gas phase cigarette smoke may possess
      substrate-directed (rather than enzyme-directed) inhibitory components capable of
      interfering with elastin cross-linking in vitro. Similar effects occurring in
      smokers' lungs could impede elastin repair and contribute to the development of
      pulmonary emphysema.

PMID- 6830039
TI  - Computerized tomography in obstructive sleep apnea. Correlation of airway size
      with physiology during sleep and wakefulness.
AB  - Pathophysiologic changes during sleep in patients with obstructive apnea are
      often associated with alterations in upper airway function during awake periods.
      To determine whether these functional changes are related to abnormal airway
      structure, we performed computerized tomography (CT) in 20 awake patients with
      obstructive apnea and in 10 control subjects. The CT scan measurements of cross
      sectional areas of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx in apneic
      patients were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) compared with those in the
      control subjects. Sites of obstruction varied, and apparent airway occlusion
      occurred in 6 patients. Reduced pharyngeal size correlated with increased sleep
      disordered breathing rates (p less than 0.05), more severe nocturnal oxygen
      desaturation (p less than 0.05), and the presence of a saw-tooth pattern of flow
      volume curves obtained during awake periods (p less than 0.05). Structural upper
      airway narrowing is detectable with CT in awake patients with obstructive sleep
      apnea.

PMID- 6830037
TI  - Postural changes in rib cage and abdominal volume-motion coefficients and their
      effect on the calibration of a respiratory inductance plethysmograph.
AB  - Volume-motion coefficients were determined for the rib cage and abdomen in normal
      human subjects in upright, supine, and semirecumbent postures by the isovolume
      calibration technique of Konno and Mead (J Appl Physiol 1967; 22:407-422, using
      the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) to measure displacements of rib
      cage and abdominal walls. Volume motion coefficients changed systematically with
      posture; those for the rib cage were smallest in the upright posture, and for the
      abdomen, greatest in the upright posture. These volume motion coefficients were
      then used to estimate tidal volume during resting breathing in the different
      postures, and compared with estimates of tidal volume derived from calibration by
      the change in posture technique reported by Sackner and coworkers (American
      Review of Respiratory Disease 1980; 122:867-871). Estimates of tidal volume
      derived from RIP signals using both calibration techniques were compared with
      independently measured spirometric volume changes. Errors in tidal volume
      averaged 6% with the isovolume technique and 9 to 23% with the change in posture
      technique (depending upon whether the calibrating postures were upright, supine
      or semirecumbent supine). The larger errors with the change in posture
      calibration method are attributable to both the change in volume motion
      coefficients with posture and the change in distribution of tidal volume between
      rib cage and abdomen compartments with change in posture.

PMID- 6830038
TI  - Pneumoconiosis in Georgia kaolin workers.
AB  - Middle Georgia kaolin workers (n = 459) were surveyed for the presence of
      pneumoconiosis by chest radiograph and for respiratory symptoms by questionnaire.
      Pulmonary function was measured in all workers by spirometry. The overall
      prevalence of pneumoconiosis in this population was 9.2%. Multivariate analysis
      demonstrated that the only significant correlates with the radiographic presence
      of pneumoconiosis were ages greater than 55 yr and greater than 15 yr work
      exposure in the job category associated with greatest dust exposure. There was no
      correlation between the radiographic presence of pneumoconiosis and respiratory
      symptoms, cigarette smoking, or history of tuberculosis. Except in cases of
      complicated pneumoconiosis (large opacities), spirograms of workers with
      radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis were not significantly different from
      spirograms of workers with normal radiographs. Clinical impairment of pulmonary
      function does not occur except in advanced cases, and appears to be mild even in
      these.

PMID- 6830040
TI  - Selenium and vitamin E deficiencies do not enhance lung inflammation from
      cigarette smoke in the hamster.
AB  - The early lung inflammatory response to cigarette smoke may be oxidant-mediated.
      We fed Syrian hamsters a diet deficient in selenium and vitamin E to determine
      whether impairment of the lung's antioxidant defenses might worsen inflammation
      induced by cigarette smoke. After 8 wk, cigarette-smoke-exposed animals had
      characteristic inflammatory lesions in the distal airways. Increased numbers of
      phagocytes, predominantly macrophages, were recovered by lavage and these cells
      exhibited enhanced oxidative metabolism. Animals fed the deficient diet had
      profound depletions of selenium and vitamin E, but no alterations in the
      histologic appearance of smoke-induced inflammatory lesions, in the numbers of
      phagocytes recruited, or in the oxidative metabolism of these phagocytes. These
      results suggest that selenium and vitamin E are unimportant in protecting against
      cigarette-smoke-induced lung injury.

PMID- 6830041
TI  - Pneumoconiosis and lung function in a group of kaolin workers.
AB  - In June 1981, 65 current and former workers at a kaolin mine and mill were
      examined by chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Five (13%) of 39
      current workers and 3 (19%) of 16 former workers with 5 yr or more of exposure
      had radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis. Among the 8 workers with
      pneumoconiosis, conglomerate upper lobe lesions were present in one half. No
      pneumoconiosis was observed among 8 current workers with less than 5 yr of
      exposure. Lung function testing showed significant reductions (p less than 0.05)
      in FVC, FEV1, and peak flow rate in kaolin workers compared with that in a
      control group. Environmental sampling during the testing period showed airborne
      dust to be composed of kaolinite (96%) and titanium dioxide (4%). Additional
      controlled epidemiologic studies among kaolin workers are needed to generate
      reliable prevalence data for pneumoconiosis and to assess the impact of dust
      exposure on pulmonary function.

PMID- 6830042
TI  - Mycobacterium asiaticum as a potential pulmonary pathogen for humans. A clinical
      and bacteriologic review of five cases.
AB  - Mycobacterium asiaticum was isolated from pulmonary material from 5 persons
      residing in Queensland, Australia. All patients had repeated positive specimens,
      but the organism was considered responsible for pulmonary mycobacteriosis in only
      2 of them. This is the first report of disease caused by M. asiaticum. Clinical,
      bacteriologic, and epidemiologic details are presented.

PMID- 6830046
TI  - A study of copositivity of three multi-puncture techniques with intradermal PPD
      tuberculin.

PMID- 6830045
TI  - A controlled trial of six months chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 6830047
TI  - Oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.

PMID- 6830048
TI  - Chronic cough: bronchoscopy or pulmonary testing?

PMID- 6830044
TI  - False positive skin tests with Parke-Davis Aplisol.

PMID- 6830043
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea associated with adult-acquired micrognathia from
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The onset of severe obstructive sleep apnea occurred in one patient as he
      developed adult-acquired micrognathia from destruction of the temporomandibular
      joints by rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the anatomic deformity, nearly normal
      upper airway patency was maintained during wakefulness, as measured by upper
      airway resistance during peak tidal flow rates. Adult-acquired micrognathia from
      rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Anatomic
      deformity of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is not
      necessarily associated with marked decreases in airway patency during
      wakefulness.

PMID- 6830052
TI  - Functional and metabolic activity of granulocytes from patients with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome. Evidence for activated neutrophils in the
      pulmonary circulation.
AB  - Although it has been proposed that the circulating granulocyte (PMN) is an
      effector cell that causes pulmonary vascular injury in the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome (ARDS), the functional status of PMNs from patients with this
      disorder has not been previously defined. In the present study we found that PMNs
      in samples of pulmonary artery blood from patients with ARDS are in a
      functionally and metabolically activated state. The mean chemotactic index of
      PMNs from ARDS patients was 172 +/- 22 SEM compared with a mean chemotactic index
      of 79 +/- 8 of PMNs from normal subjects (p = 0.0001), a 227 +/- 24% increase
      over the control value. Respiratory burst activity of PMNs, as assessed by the
      chemiluminescence response (CL), was 151 +/- 12% of control (mean peak CL of PMNs
      from patients with ARDS, 166 +/- 31 cpm X 10(3); mean peak CL of normal PMNs, 105
      +/- 16 cpm X 10(3); p = 0.04), suggesting that granulocytes from patients with
      ARDS are likely to generate increased quantities of active oxygen metabolites
      when stimulated. The chemotactic and chemiluminescence responses of PMNs from
      patients with ARDS were much greater than those of critically ill patients
      without ARDS, were enhanced in the absence of concurrent bacterial infection, and
      did not appear to be blunted by recent administration of glucocorticoids. The
      PMNs from patients with ARDS had increased ratios of intracellular cyclic GMP to
      cyclic AMP (165 +/- 5% of control, p = 0.0002), which may be related to the
      enhanced metabolic activity. Release of superoxide anion, a potential mediator of
      endothelial injury, was increased over that of control by PMNs from 4 of 8
      patients with ARDS (mean, 205 +/- 71% of normal). The results suggest that the
      circulating PMN is in an activated state in patients with ARDS and may be more
      likely to release active oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators when
      perturbed, potentially contributing to pulmonary vascular injury and alveolitis.

PMID- 6830050
TI  - Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of
      Michigan, a large industrial state. Predicted values, lower limits of normal, and
      frequencies of abnormality by smoking history.

PMID- 6830049
TI  - All that wheezes ...

PMID- 6830051
TI  - Respiratory effects of sulfur dioxide in heavily exercising asthmatics. A dose
      response study.
AB  - Twenty-three asthmatic volunteers 19 to 31 yr of age were exposed to 0 (control),
      0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) in random order at 1-wk intervals.
      Exposures took place in a controlled-environment chamber at 23 degrees C and 85%
      relative humidity; they included 5 min heavy exercise (mean minute volume, 48 L)
      plus time for postexercise physiologic testing. Body plethysmography (preexposure
      and end-exposure), spirometry (end-exposure only), and symptom questionnaires
      (covering the exposure period and the following week) all showed highly
      significant trends toward increased response with increasing SO2 concentration.
      Pairwise statistical comparisons showed substantial, highly significant, changes
      at 0.6 ppm, relative to control. Fewer and smaller significant changes were found
      at 0.4 ppm. At 0.2 ppm, no significant physiologic changes were found, but
      increases in symptoms during exposure were possibly significant. Symptom reports
      1 day and 1 wk postexposure showed no significant variation related to SO2 level,
      i.e., exposure-related symptoms apparently reversed in less than 1 day.

PMID- 6830053
TI  - Diaphragm activation with intramuscular stimulation in dogs.
AB  - We studied in 10 supine anesthetized dogs diaphragm contraction produced by
      electrical activation with intramuscular electrodes surgically implanted in the
      ventral surface of the diaphragm and compared this with activation of the
      ipsilateral phrenic nerve (C5, 6, and 7) before it entered the thorax. Repetitive
      40-Hz pulse trains with supramaximal current stimulus were used after
      hyperventilation of the animals to apnea. A single intramuscular electrode within
      1 to 2 cm of the site of phrenic nerve entry into the diaphragm produced a mean
      transdiaphragmatic pressure of 12.0 cm H2O +/- 0.97 SE and mean tidal volume of
      0.27 L +/- 0.04 SE. Mean values observed with phrenic nerve stimulation were not
      statistically different, and both electrode systems produced equivalent outward
      abdominal motion and upper rib cage paradox, as monitored by inductive
      plethysmography. There was no difference in gas exchange during stimulation with
      a single hemidiaphragm electrode and mechanical ventilation compared at the same
      tidal volume and respiratory rate. Blockade of neuromuscular transmission with
      curare eliminated intramuscular and phrenic nerve stimulation proportionately,
      suggesting that activation of the diaphragm is dependent in both cases on the
      phrenic nerve. This technique does not entail manipulation of the phrenic nerve
      and may have clinical application as an alternative technique for diaphragm
      pacing.

PMID- 6830054
TI  - Granulocyte-alveolar-macrophage interaction in the pulmonary clearance of
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6830055
TI  - Effect of bronchoscopy on localization of gallium-67 citrate.
AB  - Bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and 67Ga lung scans are frequently
      performed for diagnosis or follow-up of patients with sarcoidosis, interstitial
      pneumonitis, lymphoma, infections, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Because many
      patients undergo all 3 of these procedures, it is important to determine what
      effects bronchoscopy and/or BAL may have on gallium imaging. Because 67Ga
      accumulates in neutrophils at the site of an inflammatory lesion as well as in
      those circulating in the vascular compartment, it seems reasonable to postulate
      that bronchoscopy could cause migration of labeled neutrophils into the lung,
      resulting in false positive gallium scans. To test this hypothesis, we studied 5
      patients with varying chronologic relationships of 67Ga injection, gallium
      scanning, and bronchoscopy with BAL. In all patients, the repeat 67Ga lung scans
      remained normal or showed no change after bronchoscopy and BAL. We conclude that
      bronchoscopy with or without BAL does not cause increased 67Ga uptake by the
      lung.

PMID- 6830056
TI  - Transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - Lung cancer often requires an invasive surgical procedure to document
      inoperability. Using a fiberoptic bronchoscope with a flexible needle that can
      penetrate the walls of the trachea and major bronchi, we sampled mediastinal and
      hilar lymph nodes in 32 patients. Of 18 patients presenting with a diagnostic
      problem, 11 had aspirates that were positive for cancer. Surgery in 6 of the
      remaining 7 showed cancer in 4 (false negative). Ten other patients presented
      with a staging problem. Four had positive mediastinal aspirates; 3 of these 4 had
      a normal or equivocally normal mediastinum on chest roentgenogram. Surgery in 4
      of the remaining 6 showed no cancer in 4 (true negatives). The procedure was also
      diagnostic in 2 of 4 patients with recurrent mediastinal small cell carcinoma and
      in 3 patients with intrabronchial necrotic tumors. There were no complications.
      We conclude that this is a safe, easily performed procedure that can replace more
      invasive procedures in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

PMID- 6830057
TI  - Ethambutol dose-plasma level correlation studies in guinea pigs.
AB  - Plasma ethambutol concentration-time curves, determined in guinea pigs after 50,
      100, or 200 mg/kg single oral doses, were compared with those reported for other
      species. The plasma concentration-time curve associated with antituberculosis
      activity in mouse, monkey, and humans could not be reproduced in guinea pigs. In
      guinea pigs, the rate of ethambutol elimination from plasma (40-min half-life)
      was 4 times faster than that reported for the mouse or for humans (161-min half
      life). This finding tends to negate extrapolation of ethambutol dose-plasma
      concentration data from other species to guinea pig studies intended to predict
      clinical utility.

PMID- 6830059
TI  - Ventilator-induced subpleural air cysts: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic
      significance.
AB  - Alveolar rupture from the high airway pressures used in the treatment of adult
      respiratory distress syndrome may cause interstitial dissection of gas
      peripherally and the formation of "subpleural air cysts." These thin-walled,
      rounded air collections are easily detectable radiographically, and their
      recognition can provide an important early sign of pulmonary barotrauma. This
      report summarizes the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of this
      lesion in 5 adult patients. We found that tension pneumothorax rapidly occurs
      after the appearance of these cysts if airway pressures are not reduced or chest
      tubes are not in place. Secondary infection of the cysts was also common and
      added significant morbidity to this already compromised group of patients.

PMID- 6830058
TI  - Emotional laryngeal wheezing: a new syndrome.
AB  - A 41-yr-old psychologically disturbed woman presented with attacks of paroxystic
      dyspnea, laborious expiration, cough, and expiratory wheezing. She had been
      treated for bronchial asthma and had developed an iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.
      Wheezing had maximal intensity over the larynx, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy
      showed an almost closed glottis orifice during its production. Lung function
      tests were normal both before and during the attacks. Inhalation challenge tests
      with acetylcholine and histamine were negative. During the attacks the patient
      breathed near residual volume, and tidal flows reached the maximal flow-volume
      envelope. We suggest that wheezing was produced by high flows passing through a
      narrow glottis orifice. The association of expiratory wheezing of laryngeal
      origin with normal overall lung function should be kept in mind, because it can
      be easily confounded with bronchial asthma, and result in therapeutic errors.

PMID- 6830060
TI  - Body position and exercise in chronic air-flow obstruction--what changes?

PMID- 6830061
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus.

PMID- 6830062
TI  - Pulmonary platelet deposition accompanying acute oleic-acid-induced pulmonary
      injury.

PMID- 6830063
TI  - Effect of chest physiotherapy on the removal of mucus in patients with cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 6830064
TI  - Contamination of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes.

PMID- 6830065
TI  - Acute adhesive obstruction of the small intestine.

PMID- 6830066
TI  - The role of gastrointestinal tube decompression in the treatment of mechanical
      intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 6830067
TI  - "Mini-cholecystectomy" and operative cholangiography. A means of cost
      containment.

PMID- 6830068
TI  - Rapid drop in serum iron concentration following cholecystectomy. A metabolic
      response to stress.

PMID- 6830069
TI  - Gangrene of the gallbladder.
AB  - Two hundred cases of acute cholecystitis were reviewed in order to distinguish
      the presentation of gangrenous cholecystitis from nongangrenous acute
      cholecystitis. An incidence of 21.5 per cent gangrenous cholecystitis was found.
      A review of history, physical examination, and laboratory results showed that the
      two groups were similar. The average age of those with gangrenous cholecystitis
      was 67 years, and there was a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant in 23 per
      cent of these patients. Of patients with gangrenous cholecystitis, fifty-one
      percent had a leukocyte count above 15,000. The postoperative complication rate
      was similar between the two groups, and the mortality rate of those with acute
      gangrenous cholecystitis was zero in our review. It is concluded that because of
      the clinical similarities between gangrenous cholecystitis and acute
      nongangrenous cholecystitis, and because of the high incidence of gangrenous
      cholecystitis in our group, early surgery is indicated for acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 6830070
TI  - Successful management of injuries to the extraperitoneal rectum.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 32 patients having extraperitoneal rectal trauma in
      the six-year period ending December 31, 1981. There were 23 penetrating injuries
      and nine blunt injuries. All patients were resuscitated and examined digitally by
      sigmoidoscope. Complete diverting colostomy and washout evacuation of the
      defunctionalized rectal segment were performed routinely. Dilatation of the anal
      sphincter and lavage with two to three liters of dilute povidone-iodine solution
      permitted cleansing of the rectal segment of all particulate fecal material.
      Retrorectal suction drains were inserted in 30 patients; the two remaining
      patients required abdominoperineal resection and gauze packing of the pelvis for
      control of hemorrhage. The mortality rate due to rectal injury was 3 per cent.
      Complications occurred in 5 patients (16%).

PMID- 6830071
TI  - Necrotizing perineal infections.
AB  - Necrotizing perineal infections ("Fournier's gangrene") are polymicrobial, gas
      producing, and rapidly progressive. Rapid resuscitation and adequate debridement
      are essential in the early treatment of these infections. Repeat debridements
      under anesthesia, attention to nutrition and finally reconstructive surgery are
      important in the subsequent treatment. Three patients with necrotizing infections
      are presented to illustrate these points and increase awareness of this
      condition.

PMID- 6830072
TI  - Crohn's disease of the esophagus.
AB  - In 1932 Crohn, Ginzburg, and Oppenheimer described a distinct pathologic and
      clinical entity characterized by a chronic inflammatory process of unknown
      etiology involving the terminal ileum. Since then, Crohn's disease has been
      recognized in all portions of the alimentary canal from mouth to anus. Crohn's
      disease of the esophagus is a rare process. Such a patient is reported with a
      review of the literature. A review of the English literature reveals reports of
      20 patients with Crohn's disease of the esophagus. One-third of these patients
      had regional enteritis requiring resection. Esophageal stricture, stenosis, or
      fistula were frequent complications requiring resection. Regional esophagitis is
      difficult to distinguish from carcinoma, frequently leads to esophagitis, and is
      associated with a higher mortality rate than Crohn's disease in other portions of
      the alimentary tract.

PMID- 6830073
TI  - An anti-reflux prosthesis in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - The Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis, a C-shaped, silicone filled device
      surgically secured around the distal esophagus, received premarket approval by
      the Food and Drug Administration's Bureau of Medical Devices in 1979. Despite its
      use in over 9000 patients, there are few physiologic data documenting its
      effectiveness. We studied ten patients before and 3 months after prosthesis
      implantation with barium meal, endoscopy, esophageal biopsy, standard acid reflux
      testing, esophageal manometry, gastroesophageal scintigraphy, and symptom
      scoring. After surgery all patients were able to discontinue cimetidine and
      elevation of the head of the bed. Two patients had documentation of mild reflux,
      one of whom needed to have the prosthesis removed because of its herniation into
      the mediastinum. Eight patients had no reflux. There was statistically
      significant improvement in endoscopic, symptomatic, and biopsy grading as well as
      increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure after surgery. Prosthesis
      implantation is a promising surgical treatment of intractable esophageal reflux,
      but we believe additional and long-term studies are needed before its general
      use.

PMID- 6830075
TI  - Fatal polymyositis in D-penicillamine-treated rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Thirteen reports of patients who developed polymyositis or dermatomyositis during
      treatment with D-penicillamine are reviewed and a fourteenth case is described.
      Twelve of the fourteen patients recovered after D-penicillamine was withdrawn;
      two patients died from cardiac involvement. Proximal muscle weakness was present
      in 13 patients and dermatomyositis in 4 patients. Dysphagia was the presenting
      symptom in 6 patients. Although D-penicillamine is useful in the management of
      rheumatoid arthritis, this drug should be used with caution and patients
      monitored closely for evidence of polymyositis or dermatomyositis.

PMID- 6830074
TI  - Lupus cystitis: primary bladder manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Clinical and radiographic findings of cystitis are reported in six patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus. All patients had clinical manifestations of
      cystitis; radiography showed the bladder capacities were reduced and the bladder
      walls were thickened and irregular. Ureterohydronephrosis was found in some
      patients. Abnormal clinical and roentgenographic findings were reversed with high
      dose corticosteroid therapy. These patients had concomitant widespread
      multisystem manifestations, especially of the central nervous system and
      gastrointestinal tract. No explanation for the bladder findings could be found
      other than lupus erythematosus. Urinary bladder involvement may be a primary
      manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes overshadowed by other
      major organ system disease. Corticosteroids appear to reverse most of the acute
      manifestations but the long-term prognosis is not known and may not be favorable.

PMID- 6830076
TI  - Severe depression of antithrombin III associated with disseminated intravascular
      coagulation in women with fatty liver of pregnancy.
AB  - Serial coagulation studies were done in four women with acute fatty liver of
      pregnancy. All had coagulopathy, laboratory evidence of diffuse intravascular
      coagulation, and marked depletion of plasma antithrombin III. Two of these women
      had persistent intravascular coagulation for 4 days after delivery. The others
      had prompt control of intravascular coagulation coincident with elevation of the
      antithrombin III concentration by plasma transfusion. Severe antithrombin III
      depression may be a major cause of the persistent intravascular clotting and can
      be corrected by plasma transfusion.

PMID- 6830077
TI  - Hyponatremia in Rocky Mountain spotted fever: role of antidiuretic hormone.

PMID- 6830078
TI  - Ciguatera fish poisoning: a major common-source outbreak in the U.S. Virgin
      Islands.

PMID- 6830079
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis in the United States. A multicenter study.
AB  - During a 15-month study, 8097 fecal specimens submitted to clinical microbiology
      laboratories at eight hospitals in different parts of the United States were
      examined. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 4.6%, Salmonella from 2.3%, and
      Shigella from 1.0%. Isolation rates for each pathogen were highest from stool
      specimens that were watery, bloody, or contained leukocytes. The peak isolation
      rate for C. jejuni was in persons ages 10 to 29 years; for Salmonella, in
      children younger than age 10 years; and for Shigella, in children ages 5 to 9
      years. The clinical features of the three infections were nearly identical. In
      contrast, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, fever, tenesmus, and abnormal
      sigmoidoscopy findings were present significantly more often in patients infected
      with C. jejuni than in a control group of patients with diarrhea. Of patients
      with leukocytes in their stools and a history of fever, 45.9% were infected with
      one of the three pathogens. Use of laboratory and clinical findings defined
      groups with high or low risk of these three infections but could not accurately
      predict isolation. Fecal cultures had the highest yields when obtained from
      patients within 7 days from the onset of symptoms.

PMID- 6830080
TI  - Clinical trials and statistical verdicts: probable grounds for appeal.
AB  - Conventional interpretation of clinical trials relies heavily on the classic p
      value. The p value, however, represents only a false-positive rate, and does not
      tell the probability that the investigator's hypothesis is correct, given his
      observations. This more relevant posterior probability can be quantified by an
      extension of Bayes' theorem to the analysis of statistical tests, in a manner
      similar to that already widely used for diagnostic tests. Reanalysis of several
      published clinical trials according to Bayes' theorem shows several important
      limitations of classic statistical analysis. Classic analysis is most misleading
      when the hypothesis in question is already unlikely to be true, when the baseline
      event rate is low, or when the observed differences are small. In such cases,
      false-positive and false-negative conclusions occur frequently, even when the
      study is large, when interpretation is based solely on the p value. These errors
      can be minimized if revised policies for analysis and reporting of clinical
      trials are adopted that overcome the known limitations of classic statistical
      theory with applicable bayesian conventions.

PMID- 6830083
TI  - Statistical, clinical, and experimental evidence in randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 6830084
TI  - Cotton dust and lung disease.

PMID- 6830085
TI  - Teaching occupational medicine.

PMID- 6830081
TI  - Infectious diseases in the elderly.
AB  - As the percent of our population over age 65 increases, infectious disease in
      this group is becoming a serious public health concern. Much of our knowledge of
      infections in the elderly is based on clinical experience and lacks a firm
      scientific foundation. The increased risk of infections observed with aging may
      be due to physiologic changes that accompany "normal" aging or the age-associated
      chronic diseases and the medical, surgical, and diagnostic interventions that
      accompany them. Epidemiologic studies on populations of well and hospitalized
      older persons in defined age ranges are needed to examine the relation between
      specific infectious diseases and risk factors. Although the increased
      susceptibility of older persons to infectious diseases frequently has been
      attributed to the decline in immune function that occurs with aging, there are
      very few data confirming this hypothesis. Additional research is clearly needed
      on other contributory factors such as nutrition, ciliary transport, bacterial
      adherence, neutrophil and macrophage function, and complement.

PMID- 6830082
TI  - Iodide excess and thyroid function.

PMID- 6830086
TI  - Curable dementia.

PMID- 6830087
TI  - Classifying inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 6830088
TI  - Cimetidine and antacids.

PMID- 6830089
TI  - A misplaced pulmonary artery catheter.

PMID- 6830090
TI  - Prepartum or postpartum pleural effusion.

PMID- 6830091
TI  - Azlocillin and serum uric acid.

PMID- 6830092
TI  - What is mononucleosis?

PMID- 6830094
TI  - Central retinal artery occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6830093
TI  - Progressive chloroquine retinopathy.
AB  - Chloroquine retinopathy is a well-documented toxic manifestation of a commonly
      used systemic medication. The major retinal findings are those of macular retinal
      pigment epithelial changes, narrowed retinal vessels, and scotomatous visual
      field defects. The fluorescein angiographic findings are those of a retinal
      pigment epithelial transmission defect that takes on a bull's-eye configuration.
      We present a patient who had taken chloroquine for two years while in the
      military service. Two years after discharge, he was examined and reported to have
      a mild granular appearance to the macula. Over a period of nine years,
      progressive decreased central acuity prompted repeated fluorescein angiograms,
      which revealed a progressive bull's-eye maculopathy compatible with chloroquine
      retinopathy. Evaluation of offspring failed to reveal any evidence of a
      hereditary macular dystrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case
      of delayed onset and progression of chloroquine maculopathy documented by
      fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 6830096
TI  - Concomitant strabismus as a sign of intracranial disease.
AB  - A child with a postoperative residual estropia of 16 diopters was suddenly found
      to have 75 D of esotropia for distance and 65 D of estropia for near. Full
      versions were noted that would be inconsistent with sixth nerve palsy. Divergence
      palsy is characterized by a substantially larger convergent strabismus for
      distance that, in this case, was only 10 D. One is left with the conclusion that
      concomitant strabismus may indicate the onset of intracranial disease that, in
      this case, was caused by an arteriovenous malformation.

PMID- 6830097
TI  - Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and Harada's disease.
AB  - Two healthy Japanese patients developed bilateral pigment epitheliopathy. No
      inflammatory sign was observed at the time of onset. Multiple yellowish-white
      placoid lesions developed in the macular region after which vision was seriously
      disturbed. Fluorescein angiography showed hypofluorescence at the early stage and
      hyperfluorescence at the later stage--a finding coincident with the placoid
      lesions. In Case 1 a similar attack in the right eye occurred half a year later,
      and of the left eye seven years later. New placoid lesions were observed at sites
      of previous lesions and also at new sites. Lesions of both fundi resolved,
      rapidly leaving pigment clumps, and visual prognosis was good. The clinical
      experience of Case 1 were quite similar to acute posterior multifocal placoid
      pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). In Case 2 the placoid lesions spontaneously
      resolved within a month. However, fluorescein angiography showed multiple
      pinpoint leaks occurring at the level of the pigment epithelium, and at the
      resolved stage a "sunset glow" fundal appearance was observed. The second attack
      was observed four months after the first onset, with iridocyclitis accompanying
      it. These clinical features were similar to Harada's disease while some were
      similar to APMPPE.

PMID- 6830095
TI  - Retinal arteriolar tortuosity with macular hemorrhage.
AB  - A 58-year-old Japanese woman showed bilateral retinal arteriolar tortuosity with
      macular hemorrhage. Ophthalmoscopically, the retinal vein was normal, and other
      arteriosclerotic and hypertensive arteriolar changes were slight. The medical
      examination and laboratory tests did not reveal any significant etiologic
      factors. The hemorrhage absorbed rapidly, and visual outcome was excellent. To
      our knowledge, this case is the first reported in an Oriental.

PMID- 6830099
TI  - New techniques in fundus examination: II. A new simplified technique for
      binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
AB  - A new technique of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy uses a Finhoff
      transilluminator, held between the observer's eyes, as the light source. The
      light is focused in the patient's dilated pupil through a condensing lens in a
      darkened room and the image is seen stereoscopically. The advantages and
      limitations of this technique and the optical principles are highlighted.

PMID- 6830101
TI  - Laser trabeculoplasty.

PMID- 6830098
TI  - Gaze-evoked blindness.
AB  - Three patients with orbital lesions had substantial visual loss while maintaining
      their eye in an eccentric position of gaze (gaze-evoked blindness). The acuity
      rapidly returned to baseline levels on return to primary position. Two patients
      had optic nerve sheath meningiomas and one a displaced portion of orbital bone in
      contact with the globe. Disc abnormalities and/or choroidal folds were present in
      all three cases. Gaze-evoked blindness is characterized by the presence of an
      intraconal mass lesion, but proptosis may be subtle or not present at all. Gaze
      evoked blindness should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all
      patients with atypical amaurosis fugax.

PMID- 6830102
TI  - Cavernous sinus syndrome caused by rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy was found to have a cavernous sinus syndrome secondary to
      rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the masseter muscle. Radiologic studies showed
      evidence of dissemination to the cavernous sinus without involvement of the skull
      base or its foramina. Despite aggressive therapy with transient improvement of
      his ocular palsy, the patient died within 16 months after the onset of his
      illness. Neuro-ophthalmic complications often develop as a result of direct
      extension from rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the head and neck region. However,
      to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a cavernous sinus
      syndrome caused by metastasis from rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 6830100
TI  - Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl.

PMID- 6830103
TI  - [Tricuspid surgery and tetralogy of Fallot. Observations apropos of 14 cases].

PMID- 6830104
TI  - [Urinary lithiasis in children].

PMID- 6830105
TI  - [Primary hypertrophic neuropathy in children. Apropos of a familial case].

PMID- 6830106
TI  - [Electrical accidents in children].

PMID- 6830107
TI  - [Congenital cutaneous atrophy in multiple plaques. A new clinical form of
      mastocytosis?].

PMID- 6830108
TI  - [Painful Tolosa-Hunt ophthalmoplegia. Apropos of a case report in a child].

PMID- 6830109
TI  - [Significance of fibrin fibrinogen degradation products in the cerebrospinal
      fluid in the neonatal period].

PMID- 6830111
TI  - [Familial focal His tachycardia].

PMID- 6830110
TI  - [Malignant melanomas in children. Anatomo-clinical review of 12 cases].

PMID- 6830112
TI  - [Cutaneous manifestations at onset in Still's disease: dermographic urticaria and
      pseudodermatomyositis].

PMID- 6830113
TI  - [Intracerebral tuberculoma in a two-year-old child. Diagnostic value of computed
      tomography].

PMID- 6830115
TI  - [Ethics, morals and pediatrics].

PMID- 6830117
TI  - [Scientific studies of the school child's working conditions: promotion of school
      ergonomics].

PMID- 6830114
TI  - [150 cases of septicemia caused by Gram-negative bacilli in children. Nosocomial
      infections caused by Klebsiella in a pediatric department in Teheran (Iran)].

PMID- 6830116
TI  - [A critical study of Technetium 99m and Xenon 133 lung scintigraphy in patients
      with cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 6830120
TI  - Steeple flap reconstruction of the lower lip.
AB  - A new method of lower lip reconstruction using a full-thickness cheek island flap
      based on the facial vessels is described. The functional potential of the method
      is assessed in six patients. The technique outlined is simple in design and
      execution. It is capable of total lower lip reconstruction without appreciable
      microstomia. Other major techniques of lip reconstruction are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 6830119
TI  - Forearm replantation--long-term functional results.
AB  - The replantation of amputated extremities is justified only by the ultimate good
      function and appearance of the replanted part. This paper is a critical review of
      our clinical experience with forearm replantation and revascularization in 6
      patients over the past ten years. All replanted parts survived. The long-term
      functional results of the forearm replants are analyzed. Return of function
      depends on nerve regeneration. The functional outcome in the first patient was
      unsatisfactory due to poor motor and sensory return. Specific attention directed
      to careful primary neurorrhaphy in subsequent cases yielded favorable results. We
      believe that two factors in particular are central in achieving good functional
      results in forearm replantation--careful repair of the severed major peripheral
      nerves, and postoperative hand rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 6830118
TI  - [Cranial tomodensitometry in battered children].

PMID- 6830121
TI  - Blood flow after warm ischemia in island flaps: latissimus dorsi myocutaneous and
      epigastric flaps in the dog.
AB  - Island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps are compared with island epigastric
      flaps in the dog in terms of their ability to reestablish blood flow and maintain
      tissue viability after increasing periods of warm ischemia. Blood flow in the
      vascular pedicles of the flaps was measured after one minute to ten hours of
      ischemia with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The histological condition of the
      cutaneous and muscular portions of these flaps was examined with light microscopy
      at the end of the ischemia period and after reflow. In comparison to the
      epigastric flap, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap had a greater baseline
      flow before ischemia, a greater rise in flow above baseline (reactive flow) after
      ischemia, and an equal resistance to ischemia in terms of preservation of
      reactive hyperemia, recovery of nutritive flow to the skin, degree of
      histological changes in the skin, and patency of the vascular pedicle. Despite
      the vulnerability of the muscular component of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous
      flap to ischemia, the muscle perforators remain patent and the dermis survived
      even after eight hours of warm ischemia.

PMID- 6830123
TI  - An interview with Radford C, Tanzer, M.D. conducted by William D. Morain, M.D.

PMID- 6830122
TI  - Absence of the lower part of the latissimus dorsi muscle: an important anatomical
      variation.

PMID- 6830124
TI  - Gastric partitioning for morbid obesity.
AB  - A consecutive series of 33 grossly obese individuals treated by gastric
      partitioning is described. There was no operative mortality. Weight loss at one
      year was 19% of original body weight and little loss occurred thereafter.
      Radiological assessment of the proximal compartment demonstrated progressive
      postoperative enlargement.

PMID- 6830125
TI  - A common bile duct sound: an aid to sphincterotomy.
AB  - The use of a special bile duct sound to facilitate the operation of transduodenal
      sphinclerotomy is described.

PMID- 6830126
TI  - Anterior horseshoe fistulae.
AB  - A series of anal fistulae is presented in which a high proportion were anterior
      horseshoe fistulae. The incidence of this type of fistula in this series is
      higher than that previously reported. It can be recognised by a study of the
      position of the track by palpation, and the distance from the anal verge of the
      external opening. A meticulous dissection at operation is required. In order to
      get good results it is important that this clinical entity be recognised and
      managed with the same care and attention that is required for a posterior
      horseshoe fistula.

PMID- 6830127
TI  - Stripping branchial fistulae.
AB  - A simple technique for stripping out branchial sinuses and fistulae, using a vein
      stripper passed up the tract.

PMID- 6830128
TI  - Simple renal cysts in children.
AB  - Eleven cases of simple renal cysts occurring in childhood, including three cases
      presenting in the neonatal period are reported.

PMID- 6830129
TI  - The management of pyonephrosis.
AB  - The treatment of 63 cases of pyonephrosis is described. The primary procedure in
      39 patients (62%) was nephrectomy. A drainage procedure, usually nephrostomy, was
      performed in the remainder and in 10 cases an obstructing stone was removed. In
      13 cases (21%) a useful functioning kidney resulted from conservative surgery.
      The indications for the different treatments are discussed.

PMID- 6830130
TI  - Anaesthesia for microsurgery of the larynx.

PMID- 6830132
TI  - Exteriorisation resection of the colon.

PMID- 6830133
TI  - Methods of relief of postoperative pain.

PMID- 6830131
TI  - Complications of rectal anastomoses with end-to-end anastomoses (EEA) stapling
      instrument.

PMID- 6830134
TI  - Some changing aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Ninety eight patients who underwent cervical exploration for primary
      hyperparathyroidism are reviewed. The detection of this condition in increasing
      numbers of patients, particularly those with minimal or no symptoms is confirmed.
      Initial exploration was successful in 92 cases using visual localisation with
      immediate frozen section examination of any presumed parathyroid tissue. The high
      incidence of solitary adenomata (84%) and low rate of recurrent hypercalcaemia
      support a "conservative" surgical approach as opposed to routine sub-total
      parathyroidectomy. The most common complication of surgery was hypocalcaemia,
      which is preventable by avoiding routine exhaustive exploration for, and
      unnecessary biopsy of, normal glands.

PMID- 6830135
TI  - Streptococcus milleri and surgical sepsis.
AB  - For many years Viridans streptococci have been considered as commensal organisms
      in a wide variety of sites in the human body and only regarded as significant
      pathogens in subacute bacterial endocarditis. However, in recent years some
      reports have suggested that a particular species, Streptococcus milleri, can be a
      virulent pathogen, producing life-threatening sepsis particularly in surgical
      patients. We review here our experience of this organism in 23 general surgical
      patients over a 3 year period, and postulate that prophylactic use of antibiotic
      combinations such as gentamicin and metronidazole in patients undergoing colo
      rectal surgery may be a factor promoting its emergence as a significant pathogen.
      Patients with established sepsis due to Streptococcus milleri should be
      considered for long-term antibiotic therapy as part of the treatment of their
      abscesses.

PMID- 6830138
TI  - In vivo conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid in rats studied by
      simultaneous incorporation of [3H]-tryptophan and [14C]-nicotinic acid into liver
      NAD and NADP.
AB  - This study was carried out with three groups of weanling rats. One group was fed
      a high-protein (20%) diet, another group a low-protein (2.5%) diet, the third
      group a high-protein diet in restricted amounts. After 4 weeks of feeding, rats
      were injected simultaneously with L-[G-3H]-tryptophan and [carboxyl-14C]
      nicotinic acid. The ratio of incorporation of [3H]-tryptophan to that of [14C]
      nicotinic acid into liver NAD and NADP was found to be higher in protein
      restricted rats. On the other hand, the ratio was found to be reduced in diet
      restricted group of rats compared with ad libitum fed or low-protein diet fed
      groups. These results suggest that the efficiency of conversion of tryptophan to
      NAD is increased in protein deficiency, but reduced in the diet restriction.
      These observations are in line with our earlier findings on the changes in liver
      quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19) activity following feeding of
      low-protein or restricted diets. It is suggested that this technique of measuring
      the incorporation of two isotopes from the substrates labelled with two different
      isotopes can be conveniently used as a tool to measure the relative contribution
      of tryptophan and nicotinic acid to the synthesis of nicotinamide nucleotides.

PMID- 6830136
TI  - Op-Site skin closure: a comparison with subcuticular and interrupted sutures.
AB  - Op-Site skin closure was compared with two standard techniques of wound closure,
      interrupted silk sutures and subcuticular nylon. The Op-Site skin closure allowed
      freer drainage of secretions from the wound and the incidence of erythema and
      tenderness was significantly lower. However, there was a greater tendency for the
      wound edges to slip out of alignment or invert.

PMID- 6830137
TI  - A modified Gritti-Stokes amputation: its place in the management of peripheral
      vascular disease.
AB  - A modified technique for performing the Gritti-Stokes amputation is described and
      the results obtained in 247 cases are presented. The mortality rate was 9.3% and
      healing occurred in 87% of survivors. Using this modified technique the
      frequently cited criticisms of non-union of the patella and painful stumps were
      not found to be major problems. The prosthetic problems of amputation at this
      level are discussed in relation to recent developments in the design of
      artificial limbs.

PMID- 6830139
TI  - A goitrogenic agent from millet (Pennisetum typhoides) in Darfur Province,
      Western Sudan.
AB  - Serum samples from girls from an elementary school in Western Sudan with grades
      O, I and II/III goitre were examined for their thiocyanate, cysteine, thyroxine,
      TSH and T3 concentrations. The concentrations of thiocyanate in all girls was
      higher than that reported in the literature for Nigerians, but the concentrations
      of thiocyanate were nevertheless significantly elevated, and those of thyroxine
      significantly lowered in girls with grades I and II/III goitre as compared with
      grade O. There were no significant differences between any of the groups in the
      concentrations of cysteine or TSH and T3. The predominant staple food eaten in
      this area of Sudan is millet and evidence is produced that this contains a
      goitrogenic thionamide which could be a factor in causing the endemic goitre.

PMID- 6830140
TI  - Thermogenic drugs for the treatment of obesity: screening using obese rats and
      mice.
AB  - The thermogenic activity of ephedrine, ethinyloestradiol and triiodothyronine
      were compared by incorporating the drugs into the diets fed to groups of adult
      rats and mice. The animals used were normal lean mice, hypothalamic obese mice,
      dietary-induced obese mice and rats, and genetically obese mice and rats. Food
      intake and body weight were monitored throughout and oxygen consumption
      measurements were made. Finally, the animals were killed and their carcasses
      analysed. Generally, ethinyloestradiol reduced body weight by causing anorexia.
      Triiodothyronine increased oxygen consumption but also increased food intake such
      that in most cases body weight did not change; it killed the genetically obese
      animals, but reduced fat in the hypothalamic and dietary induced obese animals.
      The animals treated with ephedrine lost body weight and body fat without
      increasing food intake, and had elevated oxygen consumptions. This experiment not
      only demonstrated marked differences between the various laboratory animal models
      of obesity, but also that ephedrine is a potential slimming agent. It is
      relatively safe and has been used by us to obtain successful breeding using the
      genetically obese male animals which are normally sterile.

PMID- 6830141
TI  - [Experience in pair-feeding of rats treated with nitrate or sodium nitrite].
AB  - A nutritional and toxicological study has been made of rats, using the pair
      feeding technique. The animals were fed a diet containing 5% of NO-3 ion or 0.5%
      of NO-2 ion (in the form of sodium salts). Under these conditions, a decrease was
      noted in the consumption of solid food which caused a net loss of weight.
      Besides, nitrates notably increase liquid intake and diuresis while nitrites
      induce a significant decrease in the protein retention coefficient.

PMID- 6830142
TI  - [Biotin deficiency in the germ-free rat and propionic acidemia].
AB  - Biotin deficiency was induced in germ-free rats using three experimental
      protocols. The results showed the important role of biotin during gestation and
      suckling. The earlier the deprivation, the earlier the deficiency and the severer
      the symptoms. In this vitamin deficiency, symptoms occurred that were not
      observed in the control rats, such as the formation of an intestinal volvulus in
      rats ingesting an L-isoleucine-supplemented diet. The main biochemical anomalies
      characteristic of propionic acidemia (ketoacidosis and increased urinary
      elimination of propionic acid) due to propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency in man
      were not observed in the rats that were deprived of biotin for 200 days even
      after a dietary load of L-isoleucine. Only a small urinary excretion of propionyl
      glycine and tiglylglycine was observed. We observed a drop in enzymatic propionyl
      CoA carboxylase activity in the liver that was proportional to the severity of
      the vitamin deficiency.

PMID- 6830144
TI  - Thermic effect of feeding in relation to energy balance in elderly men.
AB  - Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) two meals of
      differing energy densities were measured in 8 healthy elderly men aged 63-74
      years. Similar measurements were made on 8 healthy young men aged 22-28 years.
      TEF was related to the meal size in both groups. Metabolic rate increased by 20.7
      and 27.9% in the elderly group (EG) and 25.8 and 37.7% in the control group (CG)
      in response to the 2.0-and 4.0-MJ meals, respectively. Although the EG were
      fatter than the CG, they consumed a smaller daily food intake: we suggest that
      the decline in RMR and TEF as indicated by the study would explain his paradox.

PMID- 6830145
TI  - Effect of intravenous infusion of calcium ions on the biosynthesis of the vitamin
      D-dependent calcium binding protein.
AB  - Calcium ions were infused into the external jugular vein of 2 groups of rachitic
      chicks. One group had been injected with 5 micrograms cholecalciferol (vitamin
      D3), while the other group remained vitamin D-deficient. After approximately 72 h
      the chickens were killed and intestinal mucosa homogenates were prepared for the
      measurement of calcium-binding protein (CaBP). The results indicate that CaBP is
      not biosynthesised in response to raising the extracellular calcium ion
      concentration, and only appears if the chickens had received cholecalciferol.

PMID- 6830143
TI  - Changes in availability of glucogenic and ketogenic substrates and liver
      metabolism in fed or starved rats.
AB  - The characteristics of the digestive and hepatic metabolism of glucogenic and
      ketogenic substrates were studied in vivo in fed or starved rats. For this
      purpose, a procedure for blood flow measurements in the splanchnic area was
      developed, based on an indicator-dilution technique. Hepatic blood flow (HBF) was
      markedly reduced after 24 h starvation, mainly corresponding to the decrease of
      portal blood supply; however, HBF expressed per gram liver was almost unchanged.
      In overnight-fed rats, glucose absorption was limited and glucose was released by
      the liver, essentially after gluconeogenesis from C3 units: alanine was the main
      glucogenic substrate removed by the liver, then propionate and lactate, whereas
      only a slight release of pyruvate occurred. As large amounts of lactate were
      released by the digestive tract, there was a net production of lactate in the
      splanchnic area. In contrast, in starved rats, lactate became the main glucogenic
      substrate removed by the liver as its fractional extraction was raised from 7%
      (fed) to 58% (starved) whereas the contribution of alanine and propionate to
      gluconeogenesis was limited by their availability, their hepatic extraction being
      highly efficient in fed and in starved rats. The present results are consistent
      with the view that glucose turnover was practically halved during starvation and
      suggest that net glucose cycling via lactate was very low in fed rats but could
      correspond to about 40% of produced glucose in starved rats. Besides propionate,
      acetate and butyrate made a significant contribution to fuel supply for hepatic
      metabolism in fed rats, acetate availability for extrasplanchnic tissues remained
      relatively constant. FFA were extensively removed by the liver (50%) in starved
      rats and ketogenesis could account for 68% of removed FFA. In spite of low
      concentrations in the artery, acetoacetate was released by the liver at a higher
      rate than 3-hydroxybutyrate. This process could correspond to a higher turnover
      rate for acetoacetate, nevertheless not evident in portal-drained viscera where
      net 3-hydroxybutyrate uptake was observed only.

PMID- 6830146
TI  - [Effects of a rise in ambient temperature on the metabolism of vitamin A in  the
      rat during growth. Studied by measurements in the liver and plasma].
AB  - In growing rats, an increase in ambient temperature from 25 to 34 degrees C
      decreased the level of vitamin A by 54% in plasma and 17% in the liver. But the
      quantity of vitamin A available for the organism (quantity per gram body weight)
      remained unchanged. Various hypotheses have been formulated with a view to
      further research.

PMID- 6830147
TI  - Reactivity of antiglioma monoclonal antibodies for a large panel of cultured
      gliomas and other neuroectoderm derived tumors.
AB  - We produced three monoclonal antibodies, BF7, GE2 and CG12, against cultured
      human glioma cells. Their specificity was tested by an indirect antibody-binding
      radioimmunoassay on a panel of glial and non-glial tumor cell lines. BF7 and GE2
      react preferentially with glioma cells and, except for one colon carcinoma line,
      they do not bind to the control non-neuroectodermal cells; they appear to be
      directed against common malignant glioma associated antigens. CG12, the third
      monoclonal antibody, binds to the great majority of tumor cell lines of
      neuroectodermal origin and does not bind to any other cell lines tested.

PMID- 6830148
TI  - A possible endomitotic origin of trisomy of chromosome 13: karyological
      implications for murine mammary tumorigenesis.
AB  - The chromosome analysis of mammary tumors of mice by the Giemsa banding
      procedures yielded the following results: (1) Mammary tumors induced by urethan
      displayed the same chromosome aberration of trisomy of chromosome 13 as
      spontaneous mammary tumors; (2) By analyzing tumor cells with translocated
      chromosomes, genes assumed to be involved in mammary tumor development were
      mapped in the proximal region of chromosome 13; (3) Polyploid tumor cells
      manifested heteromorphism among homologous chromosomes which segregated
      regularly. The analysis of its segregation indicated that trisomy of chromosome
      13 was derived from endomitosis and loss of a chromosome. The possible mechanisms
      of the genesis of the endomitosis were put forth based on a probable role of
      replicator played by a long terminal repeat of the viral mammary tumor genome
      integrated into chromosome 13.

PMID- 6830151
TI  - Vitamin E retards the lipoperoxidation resulting from anticancer drug
      administration.
AB  - The administration of either 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide or
      vincristine to rats produced an increase in liver and plasma, but not brain,
      lipoperoxide levels. There was no significant difference between the glutathione
      peroxidase activity in the liver and the brain tissue of cytotoxic drug-treated
      and control rats. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the
      erythrocytes of 5-fluorouracil-and methotrexate-treated rats than in control
      animals. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase levels of vincristine- and
      cisplatin-treated rats did not differ significantly from the control levels. Rats
      which received vitamin E supplementation concomitantly with 5-fluorouracil
      treatment had liver and plasma lipoperoxide levels which were significantly lower
      than those which had received only the anticancer drug. The tissue lipoperoxide
      levels in the vitamin E supplemented, 5-fluorouracil-treated rats were comparable
      with those of arachis oil-treated controls.

PMID- 6830150
TI  - Metabolic interconversions of pyridoxine by Morris hepatoma No. 7777 cells.
      Synthesis of a novel metabolite.
AB  - The metabolic transformations of labeled pyridoxine by hepatoma cells were
      studied. Buffalo rats were fed ad libitum a commercially prepared pyridoxine
      sufficient diet for 20 days at which time they were inoculated intramuscularly
      with hepatoma 7777 cells in both hind leg muscles. After tumor development, 50
      microCi [6-3H] pyridoxine. HCl or 5 microCi [4,5-14C] pyridoxine. HCl was
      injected intraperitoneally per rat. Groups of animals were subsequently
      sacrificed at defined time intervals up to 9 days. Vitamin B6 labeled tumor
      metabolites were acid extracted and separated on a muBondapak C18 column by ion
      pairing reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. A novel vitamin
      metabolite contributing up to 28.5% of extractable radioactivity was found with
      retention time different than any of the known vitamin B6 compounds. Its pattern
      of synthesis in vivo from labeled pyridoxine was PN leads to PNP leads to PLP
      leads to PMP leads to X. Preliminary GC-mass spectral data suggested the unknown
      consisted of more than one species. This communication reports on the metabolism
      of vitamin B6 and the isolation, synthesis in vivo and possible significance of
      the novel metabolite to the economy of the tumor cells.

PMID- 6830149
TI  - Androgen receptor system in androgen-independent mouse tumor developed from
      androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115.
AB  - An androgen-independent spindle-shaped cell tumor (NHD) formed from androgen
      dependent medullary Shionogi carcinoma (SC115) in DS mice was examined. Although
      NHD tumors transplanted in female or male mice exhibited almost the same growth
      speed, the cytosol of this tumor was found to contain an androgen receptor which
      was similar in binding characteristics to SC115 tumor. Although significant
      amounts of specific binding sites for testosterone and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone were found in the SC115 nuclei as well as in the NHD nuclei
      shortly after the injection of 3H-testosterone, the androgens in the NHD nuclei
      disappeared rapidly. The androgen-independency of this tumor may be attributed to
      a rapid dissociation of the androgen-receptor complexes from NHD nuclei.

PMID- 6830152
TI  - Serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in patients with polymyositis.
AB  - The clinical significance of serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) isozymes was
      studied in 18 patients with polymyositis. Abnormally high levels of mitochondrial
      GOT (mGOT) (6.2 +/- 1.2 IU/L, mean +/- SEM; normal, less than 2.0 IU/L) and
      cytosol GOT (sGOT) (95 +/- 21.6 IU/L; normal, less than 25 IU/L) were observed in
      sera. In polymyositic muscles, the sGOT level was significantly decreased but
      mGOT was not. The levels of serum sGOT and mGOT and the ratio of mGOT/tGOT before
      corticosteroid therapy correlated well with the severity of muscle weakness.
      Serial determination of CPK, sGOT, and mGOT during corticosteroid therapy
      revealed that mGOT most rapidly returned to normal. Exercise did not increase
      serum mGOT in polymyositis.

PMID- 6830154
TI  - Juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy: evoked potentials and computed tomography.

PMID- 6830153
TI  - Pyridoxine-dependency seizure: report of a rare presentation.
AB  - A child developed minor motor seizures at the age of 14 months accompanied by an
      abnormal electroencephalogram showing single spikes and polyspikes over the
      vertex and frontocentral regions. Seizures continued until the age of 22 months
      despite administration of several standard anticonvulsants. At age 22 months,
      pyridoxine, 75 mg daily, was initiated and anticonvulsants were discontinued.
      Both the seizures and the electroencephalographic abnormality have disappeared
      over the ensuing 20 months with pyridoxine therapy.

PMID- 6830156
TI  - CT manifestation of cerebral white matter lesion in Wilson disease.

PMID- 6830155
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis and chorea.

PMID- 6830157
TI  - Is Alzheimer disease caused by lack of nerve growth factor?

PMID- 6830159
TI  - Creatine kinase isozymes in Duchenne dystrophy.

PMID- 6830158
TI  - Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: another cause of recurrent myoglobinuria.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy had myoglobinuria and renal failure after intense exercise; a
      year earlier he had experienced a milder episode. There was no consanguinity and
      no family history of neuromuscular diseases or hemolytic anemia. Strength was
      normal. Forearm ischemic exercise caused prolonged contracture with no rise of
      venous lactate. Muscle morphology showed only a mild increase of lipid droplets.
      Glycogen concentration was normal. Muscle phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) activity
      was 5% of the normal mean, and all other glycolytic enzymes were normal. The
      residual PGK activity of muscle was heat stable but showed slower than normal
      electrophoretic mobility and decreased Michaelis constants for 3-phosphoglycerate
      and adenosine triphosphate. The enzyme defect was also expressed in erythrocytes
      and in fibroblast and muscle cultures. PGK activity was decreased in tissues from
      the patient's mother but normal in the father. PGK deficiency is an X-linked
      recessive trait usually associated with hemolytic anemia, mental retardation, and
      seizures; myopathy had not been recognized previously. Muscle PGK deficiency is
      now added to two other newly recognized glycolytic defects, phosphoglycerate
      mutase and lactate dehydrogenase deficiencies, as a cause of recurrent
      myoglobinuria.

PMID- 6830160
TI  - Evoked potential abnormalities in the various inherited ataxias.
AB  - Visual (VEP), brainstem auditory (BAEP), and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potential
      tests were performed in 45 patients representing ten types of inherited disorders
      in which ataxia was the most prominent symptom. Comparable VEP abnormalities were
      present among all types of patients. Normal BAEP tests were recorded in most
      patients except those with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. SEP results were often
      more severely abnormal in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. The observations
      emphasize the similarity in expression of different metabolic-degenerative
      disorders. When these tests are used clinically, certain features of evoked
      potentials (especially left-right symmetry) are typical of the inherited ataxias
      as a group. Few distinguishing features differentiate the individual disorders.

PMID- 6830161
TI  - The effects of dexamethasone administration and withdrawal on water permeability
      across the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - We examined the effects of dexamethasone administration and withdrawal on
      regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the permeability surface area (PS) product
      for water in the central nervous system of conscious rats. There were no
      significant changes in CBF. Dexamethasone treatment produced a significant
      decrease in the PS product for water in the cerebral cortex, while withdrawal of
      dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase. Water content of the cerebral
      cortex was also increased in rats from which dexamethasone had been withdrawn.
      These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of brain swelling in
      some patients.

PMID- 6830162
TI  - Extracranial vascular changes and the source of pain in migraine headache.
AB  - The extracranial circulation of 66 migrainous patients was assessed during
      unilateral headache by recording the pulse amplitude of the superficial temporal
      artery and its main frontal branch, by facial thermography, and by changes in the
      intensity of headache when temporal or carotid arteries were compressed.
      Amplitude of pulsation of the superficial temporal artery did not differ between
      headache and headache-free sides but the amplitude of its frontal branch was
      increased on the headache side, specifically in a subgroup of patients whose
      headache was relieved by compressing the superficial temporal artery
      ("extracranial vascular" group). Facial thermograms demonstrated significant
      differences in heat loss from the temples and orbits between migrainous patients
      and controls, frontotemporal changes being more conspicuous in the extracranial
      vascular group. It was concluded that dilatation of the superficial temporal
      artery and its branches contributes substantially to migraine headache in only a
      minority of patients.

PMID- 6830163
TI  - Blood flow changes in arteriovenous malformation during behavioral activation.
AB  - Striking task-dependent fluctuations were observed in the cerebral blood flow
      pattern of a patient with a left posterior hemispheric arteriovenous malformation
      (AVM). Two-dimensional measures of regional cerebral flow in the resting state,
      using the xenon 133 inhalation technique, revealed a region of high flow
      coincident with the AVM seen on the patient's arteriograms. In subsequent
      studies, the AVM stood out as a region of high blood flow during a relaxed state,
      while it approached normal levels of flow when there was attentional demand.
      These observations suggest that focal regulatory mechanisms exist at the AVM or
      else that very substantial redistributions of blood flow are taking place which
      the flow rate in the AVM reflects only passively. Patients considered for embolic
      treatment of an AVM would benefit from an assessment of behavioral influences on
      flow in the AVM.

PMID- 6830164
TI  - Bromocriptine and lisuride in Parkinson disease.
AB  - Lisuride was compared with bromocriptine in 25 parkinsonian patients in whom the
      response to levodopa had diminished; 19 had "wearing off," "on-off" phenomena, or
      both. At the time bromocriptine was added to levodopa, the mean age of the
      patients was 62.7 years and mean disease duration was 8.9 years. Disability
      decreased by 34% in the on period and by 20% in the off period, and the number of
      hours the patients were on increased from 9.6 to 12.8. All these changes were
      significant (p less than or equal to 0.01 to 0.05). Bromocriptine, however, had
      to be discontinued in 11 patients because of adverse effects. In the remaining 14
      patients, bromocriptine was eventually discontinued because of decreased
      efficacy. Mean dose of bromocriptine was 55 mg (range, 20 to 100 mg). At the time
      lisuride was added to levodopa the patients were older (65.4 years), had had the
      disease longer (11.4 years), and were more disabled. Nonetheless, disability
      decreased in the on period by 33% and in the off period by 17%, and the number of
      hours the patients were on increased from 3.9 to 8.9. All these changes were
      significant (p less than or equal to 0.01 to 0.05). The mean dose of lisuride was
      2.8 mg (range, 0.6 to 5.0 mg). Lisuride was discontinued in 8 patients because of
      adverse effects. Both bromocriptine and lisuride are useful in managing patients
      with advanced Parkinson disease whose response to levodopa has diminished. While
      it is presently not possible to state which of the drugs is more effective,
      ultimately their usage will probably be determined by their relative cost.

PMID- 6830165
TI  - Toxic effect of phenytoin on developing cortical neurons in culture.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of chronic phenytoin exposure on
      developing neurons. Cerebral cortex from 16-day fetal mice was utilized to
      prepare primary dissociated cell cultures. Phenytoin was added to the cultures 10
      days after plating and the cultures were harvested on day 17. Cortical cultures
      were assayed for neuronal cell number by phase microscopy and for high-affinity
      uptake of 3H-labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by both radioautography and
      scintillation spectrometry. Neuronal cell counts demonstrated a highly
      significant decrement in the number of neurons in cultures exposed to phenytoin
      at 15, 25, and 50 micrograms/ml. 3H-GABA-labeled neurons constituted 13% of the
      neurons present in both control and phenytoin-exposed cultures. These data
      indicate that phenytoin is toxic to cortical neurons in culture and that
      GABAergic neurons are affected to the same extent as the total neuronal
      population.

PMID- 6830166
TI  - Occurrence of oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and other CNS diseases.
AB  - The results of cerebrospinal fluid agarose gel electrophoresis in 300 consecutive
      patients were correlated with neurological examinations and diagnoses, other
      cerebrospinal fluid studies, and the results of evoked potential examinations.
      The presence of oligoclonal bands was the most sensitive test for multiple
      sclerosis (MS); bands were present in from 100% (11/11) of patients with definite
      MS to 82% (27/33) of those with possible MS (classified by McAlpine criteria).
      The visual evoked response was the next most sensitive study. Thirty-eight
      patients without MS or related disorders had bands in the IgG region. Three
      patients had plasma cell dyscrasias. Seven patients had thick single bands.
      Single bands did not correlate with chronic polyneuropathy but appeared to be an
      artifact of storage. Twenty-eight patients had active neurological disease,
      including cerebral infarction (in 5), viral infection (in 4), remote effect of
      carcinoma (in 4), and acute and chronic polyneuropathies (in 6). In acute
      illnesses (i.e., vascular insults), repeat electrophoresis showed disappearance
      of bands. In continually active disease, bands persisted. These results indicate
      that the presence of oligoclonal bands provides sensitive supporting evidence for
      the diagnosis of MS but that bands may be present in other disorders, including
      those not directly related to infection or abnormal immune response. The data
      suggest that oligoclonal bands may represent an immune response to neurological
      injury that is prominent in disorders with a particularly intense or continuous
      antigenic stimulus.

PMID- 6830167
TI  - Preoperative CT diagnosis of mesial temporal sclerosis for surgical treatment of
      epilepsy.
AB  - A computerized tomographic (CT) scanning technique has been devised by which the
      anatomy of the mesial temporal lobe can be examined in epileptics who are being
      considered for temporal lobectomy. Among 25 patients examined with this
      technique, 17 have had the anatomy of their mesial temporal lobe verified at
      craniotomy, showing close correlation between surgical findings and the high
      resolution cerebrospinal fluid-enhanced CT scans. Atrophy was present in 4
      patients, whereas chronic herniation of the mesial temporal structures over the
      free edge of the tentorium was present in 12; in 1 patient the structures were
      normal. The correlation of an anatomical lesion with an
      electroencephalographically (EEG) defined epileptogenic focus will improve the
      outcome of surgery for epilepsy. This CT technique aids in identifying the
      epileptogenic temporal lobe for patients in whom the focus is ambiguous by EEG
      criteria alone.

PMID- 6830170
TI  - Neuron loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in parkinsonism-dementia complex of
      Guam.
AB  - The nucleus basalis of Meynert, which supplies diffuse cholinergic fibers to the
      cerebral neocortex, was investigated in two cases of parkinsonism-dementia
      complex of Guam (PDG). The nucleus basalis of the two PDG patients showed
      extensive neuron loss when compared with age-matched non-Guamanian controls,
      suggesting the necessity of investigating activity of cholinergic enzymes in the
      brains of patients with PDG.

PMID- 6830169
TI  - Epidemiological surveillance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism
      dementia in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD), two fatal
      neurological diseases of unknown cause, occur in high incidence among the
      Chamorro people of Guam, the largest and southernmost island within the Mariana
      archipelago. To reassess and extend our present epidemiological knowledge of
      these degenerative diseases in this focal geographical region, a systematic
      search for both disorders was conducted on the remaining inhabited islands of
      Rota, Tinian, Saipan, and the four remote islands of Anatahan, Alamagan, Pagan,
      and Agrihan within the Marianas chain. One case of ALS (on Saipan), 2 cases of PD
      (on Rota and Saipan), and 6 cases of parkinsonism without dementia (2 on Rota, 3
      on Saipan, 1 on Tinian) were encountered among the approximately 17,000
      inhabitants. No cases of either ALS, PD, or parkinsonism were found in the four
      remote Northern Islands. An additional 22 cases of ALS and 8 cases of PD were
      identified from reports of previous case-finding surveys, hospital records, and
      death certificates. Among Chamorros born on Rota, the average annual age-adjusted
      mortality rates of ALS per 100,000 population were 37.7 for the 15-year period
      1956 to 1970 and 22.5 for the past decade, 1971 to 1980. Among Chamorros born on
      Saipan, the average annual mortality rates were 7.2 and 3.2 per 100,000,
      respectively, for the two periods. The mortality rates of PD were also
      significantly lower on Saipan than on Rota. In general, the age-adjusted
      mortality rates of ALS and PD on Rota were similar to those currently observed on
      Guam. Since the origins and current genotypic composition of Chamorros on all the
      Mariana Islands are indistinguishable, the strikingly lower mortality rates of
      ALS and PD on Saipan suggest that environmental factors are far more important
      than genetic factors in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

PMID- 6830172
TI  - Edentulous orodyskinesia.
AB  - Twelve of 75 (16%) edentulous patients (mean age, 62 years) were found to have
      orofacial dyskinesias. Tooth extraction averaged 12 years before the onset of
      movements. No dentures were present in 50% of dyskinetic patients and in 9.5% of
      edentulous patients without dyskinesia. Movements of the lips, tongue, and jaw
      were marked in 3 patients and mild in 9. Functional disability was minimal. None
      of 75 elderly patients (mean age, 68 years) without tooth extractions had oral
      dyskinesias.

PMID- 6830171
TI  - Prenatal symmetrical thalamic degeneration with flexion spasticity at birth.
AB  - The unusual occurrence of spasticity at birth with symmetrical thalamic damage
      was found in a male infant delivered at 36 weeks' gestation following an episode
      of traumatically induced premature labor at 32 weeks. The infant was found to be
      spastic in flexion with increased stretch reflexes, depressed primitive reflexes,
      and moderate flexion contractures. Computerized tomographic scans showed
      bilateral nonenhancing thalamic densities. Neuropathologically, the lateral
      thalamic nuclei and the red nucleus showed neuron loss, astrocytosis, and, as
      confirmed by electron microprobe analysis, calcified neurons. The striatum was
      uninvolved. These findings closely resemble those reported as "symmetrical
      thalamic degeneration in infancy" and are strongly reminiscent of the pattern of
      thalamic involvement frequently seen in status marmoratus. It would appear that
      there is a period during perinatal life in which the lateral thalamus can be
      rendered vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic injury, and that the thirty-second week
      of gestation must be included within this period.

PMID- 6830173
TI  - Pupil sparing in oculomotor palsy: a brief review.
AB  - The clinical dictum that pupil sparing in oculomotor nerve palsy predicts an
      extraaxial ischemic lesion while pupil involvement predicts an extraaxial
      compressive lesion has some important exceptions. Two case reports and a review
      of the literature disclose that pupil sparing occurs in a small proportion of
      intraaxial and compressive subarachnoid oculomotor nerve lesions and in a large
      proportion of compressive cavernous sinus oculomotor nerve lesions. Careful
      examination is also necessary to separate examples of apparent pupil sparing in
      cases of aberrant regeneration and in some instances of cavernous sinus
      compression.

PMID- 6830168
TI  - Comparison between fascicular and whole sural nerve biopsy.
AB  - Sural nerve regeneration and sensation were evaluated in 16 subjects five or more
      years after fascicular or whole nerve biopsy. Conduction studies demonstrated
      successful nerve regeneration in all subjects who had whole nerve biopsy.
      Postbiopsy interrogation revealed no long-term pain or paresthesias but a high
      incidence of tactile-induced dysesthesias. No significant difference was seen
      when areas of sural sensory loss were compared in fascicular and whole nerve
      biopsy groups. We conclude that whole nerve biopsy should be recommended in
      preference to fascicular biopsy since it is simpler, has greater diagnostic
      potential, and allows for a more complete morphological evaluation.

PMID- 6830176
TI  - Electrophysiology of Duchenne dystrophy myotubes in tissue culture.
AB  - Single myotubes from cultures of 6 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and
      6 patients whose biopsy specimens lacked histological abnormality were studied
      with intracellular physiological recording. Average resting membrane potentials
      were 47.8 +/- 2.3 mV and 47.0 +/- 1.5 mV for the control and Duchenne cultures,
      respectively. Action potentials elicited at a standard resting potential of -80
      mV were 97.3 +/- 4.0 mV and 98.6 +/- 8.2 mV for the two groups. Maximum rate of
      rise of action potentials was 154.2 +/- 25.2 V/sec for control and 143.1 +/- 37.1
      V/sec for Duchenne myotubes. Action potentials mediated by an influx of calcium
      ions were seen only when the myotubes from both groups were bathed in high
      concentrations of calcium and 4-aminopyridine (20 mM and 1 mM, respectively).
      Thus, the plasma membrane of Duchenne dystrophy myotubes does not have active
      electrical properties that differ from those in controls. Previous reports of low
      resting membrane potentials in biopsies studied acutely may reflect secondary
      changes in degenerating fibers.

PMID- 6830174
TI  - Pupil-sparing oculomotor palsies with internal carotid-posterior communicating
      artery aneurysms.
AB  - The charts of 84 patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Service of the Washington
      University Medical Center between January, 1960, and July, 1981, with aneurysms
      at or near the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating
      arteries (ICA-PoCA) were reviewed. Special emphasis was placed on the pupillary
      size and reactivity of 51 patients with oculomotor nerve involvement. Seven
      initially had normal pupils, representing 8% of the total group and 14% of those
      presenting with oculomotor palsies. In 4 of these patients pupillary involvement
      developed within 5 days, and in 1 pupillary involvement developed in 4 months.
      Pupillary sparing appears to be more common than previously appreciated in
      patients with ICA-PoCA aneurysms and oculomotor nerve involvement. Patients with
      acute somatic oculomotor paresis should be observed closely for at least one week
      for the development of pupillary involvement. Arteriography may be indicated more
      frequently than previously recommended.

PMID- 6830177
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of myasthenic serum factors studied in mouse muscle.
AB  - Miniature end-plate potential (mepp) amplitudes were investigated in mouse
      diaphragm exposed in vitro to different serum fractions from seven patients with
      myasthenia gravis who had elevated serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody
      levels and from controls. The mepp amplitudes were significantly reduced by whole
      myasthenic sera, restored by washing, and not reduced by heated (56 degrees C)
      myasthenic sera, which would inactivate complement but not antireceptor antibody.
      Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-depleted myasthenic sera also significantly reduced mepp
      amplitudes, while the IgG fraction alone or with normal serum did not. The
      results indicate that in vitro reduction of mepp amplitudes in mouse muscle by
      myasthenic sera is not dependent on the IgG fraction alone, and requires a heat
      sensitive factor.

PMID- 6830175
TI  - The comparative effects of organic brain disease on cerebral blood flow and
      measured intelligence.
AB  - Raw scores for cerebral blood flow (CBF), determined by xenon 133 inhalation, and
      for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were measured in five groups of 12
      subjects each: young normals, aged normals, and patients with cerebrovascular
      disease without dementia, dementia with cerebrovascular disease, and degenerative
      brain disease. Important differences were present in the raw data according to
      age and sex. When these were adjusted, a quadratic model revealed a highly
      significant (p less than 0.0001, r = 0.86) correlation between CBF and measured
      intelligence score. We interpret these findings to indicate that in dementing
      illnesses the WAIS raw score reflects the severity of the brain disorder,
      regardless of cause, and that CBF is reduced as a function of the severity rather
      than the cause of the abnormality.

PMID- 6830178
TI  - Relapsing herpes simplex encephalitis following antiviral therapy.
AB  - Although treatment for herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis with antiviral
      agents has improved survival, occasional patients experience unexplained clinical
      exacerbations. This report presents evidence that some relapses may occur from
      recurrent viral encephalitis. An adult male developed the classic symptoms of HSV
      encephalitis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalogram, and isotope
      brain scan suggested a localized encephalitis involving the left temporal lobe.
      The patient was treated for 10 days with high doses of cytosine arabinoside
      instead of the currently recommended adenine arabinoside. Progression of
      encephalitis stopped, and clinical recovery occurred. The HSV antibody titer
      increased eightfold. Fifty-four days after the initial encephalitis, the patient
      relapsed with a subacute progressive encephalitis involving the same brain area.
      The CSF demonstrated oligoclonal bands, elevated immunoglobulin G levels (100
      mg/dl), and a high HSV antibody titer (1:8,192 by indirect hemagglutination
      test). From a left temporal lobe biopsy taken 74 days after onset of the initial
      encephalitis, herpes simplex virus type 1 was isolated. Without renewed antiviral
      drug therapy, the patient slowly recovered.

PMID- 6830180
TI  - Thirst, resetting of the osmostat, and water intoxication following encephalitis.
AB  - A young man developed pathological thirst and hyperdipsia, hyperphagia,
      disordered temperature regulation, a lowered threshold for aggressive behavior,
      apathy, impaired memory, and seizures following encephalitis. He had marked
      hyponatremia. Bouts of water drinking produced water intoxication and
      precipitated status epilepticus. Studies of water handling with measurements of
      plasma osmolality and arginine vasopressin (AVP) revealed a very low thirst
      threshold (below 242 mOsm/kg) with resetting of the osmostat to a new level (255
      mOsm/kg) but normal control of plasma osmolality at that level with adequate AVP
      release.

PMID- 6830179
TI  - Recurrent herpes simplex encephalitis: recovery of virus after Ara-A treatment.
AB  - A 54-year-old man developed clinical findings consistent with herpes simplex
      virus (HSV) encephalitis. These signs included an abrupt onset of focal central
      nervous system disease, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, localized
      electroencephalographic abnormalities, and a computerized tomographic scan
      showing right temporal lobe involvement. Treatment with adenine arabinoside (Ara
      A) resulted in improvement. Two months later he again became confused, and a left
      hemiparesis developed. Although biopsy revealed extensive necrosis and
      inflammatory response, HSV antigens and herpesvirus particles were not detected.
      Culture of biopsy tissue yielded HSV type 1 only after 18 days. A second course
      of Ara-A was administered but the patient failed to improve and died four months
      later. Extensive inflammatory necrosis of both temporal lobes involving gray and
      white matter was found. Cultures were negative for HSV. The recovery of virus
      from our patient during the second encephalitic episode should raise concerns
      regarding the efficacy of Ara-A treatment and the role of the virus in recurrent
      disease. In addition, the importance of maintaining biopsy tissue in culture for
      prolonged periods is emphasized.

PMID- 6830181
TI  - Case of downbeat nystagmus influenced by otolith stimulation.
AB  - A patient with downbeat nystagmus and familial ataxia is described. The nystagmus
      was induced by static tilt away from normal upright posture, by linear
      acceleration of the head, and by convergence. It is inferred that the nystagmus
      was modulated by otolith-specific stimuli and not by stimulation of the canals.
      These findings demonstrate the role of otolith function in generation of eye
      movements in the vertical plane and support proposed interrelationships between
      otolith and vergence mechanisms. The nystagmus and associated oscillopsia were
      partially suppressed by treatment with clonazepam.

PMID- 6830182
TI  - Neurological and neuroradiological examination of chronic cannabis smokers.
AB  - Twelve subjects, eight male and four female, who had smoked on average more than
      1 gm of cannabis daily for 10 years, were investigated with a clinical
      neurological examination and computed tomography (CT) of the brain. No subject
      had a history of major head trauma or cerebral infection, and just one abused
      alcohol. Only the subject with a history of alcoholism showed any abnormal
      cerebral function on clinical tests or any abnormality in the CT scan, compared
      with normal controls.

PMID- 6830184
TI  - Myoclonic ocular jerks.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman with a familial trait for myoclonic jerks of the neck
      presented with spontaneous 5- to 40-degree single jerks of the eyes, usually
      upward, each producing a brief interruption in fixation. Eye movement recordings
      showed the myoclonic ocular jerks to be saccades with variable intersaccadic
      intervals. Treatment with 6.0 mg per day of clonazepam reduced her symptoms.

PMID- 6830185
TI  - Confirmation of cerebral air embolism with computerized tomography.

PMID- 6830183
TI  - No effect from double-blind trial of physostigmine and lecithin in Alzheimer
      disease.
AB  - Eight patients with clinically diagnosed mild to severe Alzheimer disease were
      treated during two six-week periods by a double-blind, single-crossover protocol
      with placebo or a combination of 18 gm of lecithin and 3 to 10 mg of oral
      physostigmine daily. No improvement in behavior, recent memory, or other
      neuropsychological functions occurred.

PMID- 6830186
TI  - "Lhermitte's sign" as a presenting symptom of subacute combined degeneration of
      the cord.

PMID- 6830187
TI  - Variability of X-linked muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 6830190
TI  - Electromyography in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 6830189
TI  - Chorea in long-term use of pemoline.

PMID- 6830188
TI  - Herpes zoster and central retinal artery occlusion.

PMID- 6830191
TI  - Ophthalmoplegic polyneuropathy associated with infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 6830194
TI  - Naloxone of no benefit in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6830192
TI  - Rapid improvement of myasthenia gravis after plasma exchange?

PMID- 6830193
TI  - Action myoclonus in lithium toxicity.

PMID- 6830195
TI  - Global aphasia in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 6830196
TI  - Diffuse involvement in progressive aphasia.

PMID- 6830197
TI  - [Auxotrophic mutants of the producer of the antibiotic mycoheptin
      Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum].
AB  - The lethal and mutagenic effects of N-nitrozo-N-methyl biuret (NMB), N-nitrozo-N
      methyl urea (NMU) and UV light on Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strains
      O883 and 852, were studied. The concentrations of NMB were 0.005, 0.1 and 0.25
      per cent, the exposure time was 2, 4 and 6 hours. The concentration of NMU was 1
      per cent and the exposure time was 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. The dose of UV light
      was 2000 erg/mm2. When the spores of Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strain
      O883, were treated with NMB, the frequency of auxotrophic mutants increased from
      0.63 to 3.4 per cent with an increase of the mutagen concentration from 0.05 to
      0.25 per cent and the exposure time from 2 to 6 hours. More than 80 auxotrophic
      mutants were selected. When Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strain 852, was
      treated with NMU, the frequency of auxotrophic mutants ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 per
      cent. Fifty-seven auxotrophic mutants were selected. The majority of the
      auxotrophic mutants selected with the use of NMB and NMU was unstable. Exposure
      of Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strains 852, 10/69 Met and 54/100 Lys to
      UV light resulted in formation of groups of polyauxotrophic mutants.

PMID- 6830198
TI  - [Aerobic and anaerobic microflora in experimental drug-induced enterocolitis].
AB  - The results of studying aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora of rabbits
      with experimental enterocolitis caused by administration of 7-chlor-7
      desoxylincomycin are presented. An increased number of E. coli and some other
      gram-negative bacteria was noted. It was shown that the quantitative and
      qualitative composition of the obligate anaerobic microflora was changed: the
      number of cells of the bacteroids, bifidobacteria, peptococci and
      peptostreptococci resistant to the antibiotic was low, but the number of
      clostridia cells resistant to the antibiotic was high. On the basis of a thorough
      investigation the latter cultures were classified as belonging to Cl. butyricum.

PMID- 6830199
TI  - [Effectiveness of liposome-incorporated streptomycin in experimental tuberculosis
      in mice].
AB  - The chemotherapeutic efficacy of streptomycin incorporated into liposomes was
      studied on mice with experimental tuberculosis. Streptomycin incorporated into
      liposomes was prepared with the detergent method using purified egg lecithin,
      sodium cholate and streptomycin sulfate. The level of streptomycin incorporation
      into liposomes was 250-399 micrograms of streptomycin base per 1 mg lecithin. The
      size of the liposome was determined by electron microscopy. It was 40-80 nm.
      BALB/c and (CBA X C57B1(6)) F1 mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (0.1 mg
      of half-moist mass per mouse, intravenously) were used in the experiments. It was
      shown that the liposome-incorporated streptomycin injected intravenously on the
      3rd or the 4th day (20 or 25 mg/kg) or 3 times on the 4th, 7th and 10th or the
      12th days (50 or 67.5 mg/kg a day) after the infection inhibited the growth of M.
      tuberculosis in the spleen tissue, while analogous doses of streptomycin solution
      had no such an effect. With respect to the lung tissue, the antibacterial effect
      of the liposome-incorporated streptomycin was not potentiated. When the liposome
      incorporated streptomycin was administered 3 times, the life-span of the animals
      was increased and the loss of the body weight was retarded as compared to the
      results of an analogous treatment course with the use of streptomycin solution.
      The acute toxicity of intravenous streptomycin incorporated into liposomes was
      lower as compared to that of streptomycin solution.

PMID- 6830200
TI  - [Effect of lysozyme on the surface structures of mouse peritoneal macrophages].
AB  - Surface structures of the peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice treated
      intramuscularly with various doses of egg lysozyme (0.05 to 50 mg/kg) were
      studied with scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the effect of
      lysozyme on the macrophages significantly depended on the dose of the preparation
      and the frequency of its use. When used in the subtherapeutic (0.5 mg/kg) and
      therapeutic (5 mg/kg) single doses, lysozyme promoted detection of heterogeneity
      of the macrophage population, marked activation of their surface membranes and
      intensification of intercellular cooperation. The highest level of the lysozyme
      activating effect on the minor macrophages and lymphocytes was observed after
      administration of the preparation in a single dose of 5 mg/kg or in a dose of 0.5
      mg/kg repeatedly (daily for 7 days). When used in a dose of 5 mg/kg repeatedly or
      especially in a single dose of 50 mg/kg lysozyme induced smoothing of the surface
      of the macrophages and lymphocytes. The problems of indirect, direct and immune
      activation of the macrophages with lysozyme are discussed.

PMID- 6830201
TI  - [Aspects of the immunodepressive action of gentamycin and rifampicin].
AB  - The effects of rifampicin and gentamicin on the count of the antibody-forming
      cells (AFC), the titers of hemagglutinins, endogenous colony-formation and
      activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were studied on uninbred albino
      mice. An attempt was made to correct the immunity defects induced by rifampicin.
      In addition to the inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the primary immune
      response, i.e. the count of the AFC described earlier, suppression of
      hemagglutinin accumulation on the 4th day after immunization and inhibition of
      the absorption function of the RES after administration of rifampicin in a dose
      of 250 mg/kg were shown. Both the antibiotics induced stimulation of endogenic
      colony formation when administered for 10 days before the irradiation. It was
      only gentamicin that produced a stimulating effect after irradiation. The
      combined use of rifampicin with the immunostimulants prodigiozan, methyluracil or
      levamisole according to different schemes showed that the only effective
      combination was that of rifampicin with methyluracil (400 mg/kg) or levamisole (5
      mg/kg).

PMID- 6830202
TI  - [Sulfadimethoxine pharmacokinetics in mechanical jaundice and cholangitis].
AB  - The rate of sulfadimethoxine excretion from blood in patients with mechanical
      jaundice and cholangitis is the same as that in healthy persons. The renal
      excretion of the drug in such patients does not undergo any significant changes
      either. However, excretion of sulfadimethoxine with bile is impaired and the
      level of suppression of renal excretory function is proportional to the jaundice
      period. After decompression of the bile ducts renal excretory function in
      patients with mechanical jaundice is recovered.

PMID- 6830204
TI  - Determination of minimum bactericidal concentrations of oxacillin for
      Staphylococcus aureus: influence and significance of technical factors.
AB  - The minimum bactericidal concentration of oxacillin for Staphylococcus aureus was
      shown to be considerably influenced by technical and definitional factors,
      particularly by the survival of some organisms on the walls of test tubes and by
      the growth phase of the inoculum. Attention to technical detail greatly improved
      reproducibility, and log-phase cultures of all strains showed greater than 99.9%
      killing in 24 h, at or close to the minimum inhibitory concentration, including
      eight strains described as tolerant. Some strains showed the paradoxical
      phenomenon of having more survivors in higher concentrations above the minimum
      bactericidal concentration. An accepted reference minimum bactericidal
      concentration procedure is needed for establishing clinical correlates and for a
      review of endpoint criteria. Routine minimum bactericidal concentration tests on
      S. aureus should be interpreted with great caution.

PMID- 6830203
TI  - Effect of furosemide on aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity and auditory
      toxicity in humans.
AB  - We analyzed data from three prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind
      clinical trails to determine whether furosemide increases the nephrotoxicity and
      auditory toxicity of aminoglycosides. All patients who received at least 72 h of
      treatment and who had no other cause for nephrotoxicity or auditory toxicity were
      included in the analysis. Nephrotoxicity developed in 10 of 50 (20.0%) patients
      given furosemide and in 38 of 222 (17.1%) patients not given furosemide (P
      greater than 0.3). Auditory toxicity developed in 5 of 23 patients (21.7%) given
      furosemide and in 28 of 119 patients (23.5%) not given furosemide (P greater than
      0.3). In each case, the groups receiving and not receiving furosemide did not
      differ in mean age, initial creatinine, duration of aminoglycoside therapy, mean
      change in auditory acuity or creatinine, mean number of days to the development
      of toxicity, the frequency with which gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, or
      cephalothin was administered, or the mean predose and 1-h postdose plasma
      aminoglycoside levels. We conclude that furosemide use should not be considered a
      major risk factor for the development of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity or
      auditory toxicity.

PMID- 6830205
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Haemophilus somnus to 33 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 33 antimicrobial agents for Haemophilus
      somnus were determined by the agar dilution method. The tested H. somnus strains
      were highly susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, colistin, and novobiocin.
      They were not susceptible to spiramicin and sulfadimethoxine, and streptomycin
      resistant strains were found.

PMID- 6830206
TI  - Antimicrobial effect of beta-lactam antibiotic combinations against Bacteroides
      fragilis in vitro.
AB  - Carbenicillin, piperacillin, and mezlocillin, when combined with cefoxitin,
      exhibited synergism against 20, 13, and 10 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis,
      respectively, and no antagonism was observed in 19 of 20 strains. These results
      suggest that if beta-lactamase was induced from B. fragilis by cefoxitin, it was
      ineffective against the antibiotics tested.

PMID- 6830207
TI  - Differences among Nocardia spp. in susceptibility to aminoglycosides and beta
      lactam antibiotics and their potential use in taxonomy.
AB  - Using disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, 109 clinical isolates of Nocardia
      were tested against 10 antimicrobial agents. A species difference in
      susceptibility was noted for cefamandole, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and
      kanamycin. These differences in susceptibility may be of use taxonomically as
      well as having some potential use clinically.

PMID- 6830208
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of spiroplasmas to heavy-metal salts.
AB  - The susceptibility of six spiroplasma strains to heavy-metal salt was
      characterized in terms of minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal biocidal
      concentrations in broth tube dilution tests. The strains were most susceptible to
      mercuric chloride and silver nitrate; less susceptible to copper sulfate, cobalt
      chloride, lead nitrate, and cadmium sulfate; and least susceptible to nickel
      chloride and zinc sulfate. Spiroplasma citri strains Maroc R8A2 and C189 were the
      most susceptible to five of eight heavy-metal salts, and honeybee spiroplasma
      strain AS576 and Spiroplasma floricola strain 23-6 were generally the least
      susceptible. The difference between the minimal biocidal concentrations and the
      minimal inhibitory concentrations was greater for certain heavy-metal salts than
      for others.

PMID- 6830209
TI  - Nafcillin-induced platelet dysfunction and bleeding.
AB  - This paper describes two cases of nafcillin-induced platelet dysfunction, with
      positive rechallenge data for one patient. Nafcillin resulted in abnormal
      bleeding times in both patients and a clinically apparent bleeding episode in one
      of the cases. Platelet function tests were performed on one patient during the
      initial therapy and after rechallenge with nafcillin. Platelet aggregation showed
      abnormal responses to ADP, collagen, and epinephrine. Platelet count and
      morphology were normal. Nafcillin should be recognized as another antibiotic
      which causes platelet function abnormalities and clinical bleeding episodes.

PMID- 6830211
TI  - Aminoglycoside accumulation kinetics in rat renal parenchyma.
AB  - To test the hypotheses that the renal parenchymal accumulation kinetics of
      aminoglycosides can predict nephrotoxicity, we measured renal parenchymal
      concentrations in rats receiving gentamicin and tobramycin. In addition to
      comparing the drugs as single daily injections, we also examined the effect of
      multiple doses versus a single daily dose. Gentamicin accumulated to much greater
      concentrations in the kidney than did tobramycin. Gentamicin given twice daily
      accumulated more rapidly and to greater concentrations than did the same total
      dose given once daily. We conclude that aminoglycoside accumulation in the kidney
      depends on the drug and dose regimen. These differences may explain relative
      nephrotoxicities.

PMID- 6830210
TI  - Penicillin therapy of experimental endocarditis induced by tolerant Streptococcus
      sanguis and nontolerant Streptococcus mitis.
AB  - The response of tolerant Streptococcus sanguis and nontolerant Streptococcus
      mitis infections to penicillin therapy was compared in the rabbit model of
      endocarditis. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of
      penicillin were 0.1 and 0.1 mug/ml, respectively, for S. mitis and 0.05 and 6.2
      mug/ml, respectively, for S. sanguis. Time-kill studies done in vitro with
      penicillin concentrations of 2 and 20 mug/ml demonstrated minimal killing of the
      tolerant strain, with a 3 log difference in survival between the two strains
      after 24 and 48 h. Both strains produced endocarditis with comparable bacterial
      densities on the valvular vegetations. Rabbits were treated with procaine
      penicillin G in two dosage regimens, 80,000 or 5,000 U/kg given every 8 h. There
      was no difference between bacterial densities in valvular vegetations removed
      from rabbits infected with either strain after 2, 4, or 6 days of treatment with
      the high-dose regimen (serum penicillin concentration at 0.5 h, 9.4 mug/ml),
      despite the fact that serum bactericidal activity against the tolerant strain at
      0.5 h was minimal. With the low-dose penicillin regimen (serum concentration at
      0.5 h, 2.5 mug/ml), therapy was significantly less effective in the tolerant
      group only after 6 days of treatment. Similar results were obtained when
      penicillin was administered in low and high doses to prevent infection. In this
      animal model of infection, penicillin tolerance was associated with a diminished
      response to penicillin therapy only when the dose was severely restricted. In the
      high-dose regimen, there was no difference in the response to penicillin therapy
      between animals infected with either strain, despite the presence of only minimal
      serum bactericidal activity in the rabbits infected with the tolerant strain.

PMID- 6830212
TI  - Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in two California chicken processing plants.
AB  - Two federally inspected California chicken processing plants participated in
      Campylobacter jejuni prevalence studies. Twelve sampling sites were included in
      each of four groups. Groups were based on bird age, scald water temperature, and
      plant sampled. Scald water temperatures of 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) did not
      contribute to a lower prevalence of C. jejuni in edible parts, as did
      temperatures of 53 degrees C (127 degrees F) and 49 degrees C (120 degrees F).
      The feather picker and chilling tank were areas of major cross-contamination. C.
      jejuni was isolated from 68% of the ready-for-market products. The organism was
      recovered from 60 to 100% of the ceca in the four groups, and some numbers in the
      fecal material exceeded 10(6)/g. The level of C. jejuni in intestinal tracts
      seemed to correlate with the presence of the organism in the edible parts.

PMID- 6830213
TI  - House flies (Musca domestica) as possible vectors of Campylobacter fetus subsp.
      jejuni.
AB  - A total of 161 strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were isolated from
      house flies (Musca domestica). The carrier rates detected were 50.7% in flies
      captured on a chicken farm and 43.2% in flies from a piggery. The relative
      prevalences of Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, and nalidixic acid-resistant
      thermophilic campylobacters were 90.1, 6.2, and 3.7%, respectively. The results
      indicate that flies may play a linking role in the epidemiology of Campylobacter
      infection in humans by transmitting campylobacters from animals to human food.

PMID- 6830214
TI  - Biosynthesis of radiolabeled phomopsin by Phomopsis leptostromiformis.
AB  - [14C]phomopsin and [36Cl]phomopsin were synthesized by Phomopsis
      leptostromiformis in liquid cultures containing various labeled compounds. [U
      14C]isoleucine, [U-14C]phenylalanine, and [U-14C]proline were the best precursors
      in terms of labeling efficiency, whereas [36Cl]hydrochloride was much less
      efficient. When each of the four precursors was used, a large proportion of
      recovered label was associated with phomopsin. The specific activities of
      phomopsin produced with labeled isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, and
      hydrochloride were 150, 120, 90, and 17 muCi/mmol, respectively. 14C label from
      acetate, malate, propionate, sucrose, or tryptophan was neither specifically nor
      efficiently incorporated into phomopsin.

PMID- 6830215
TI  - Cocultivation of avian orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in embryonated eggs:
      implications for surveillance studies.
AB  - A series of avian orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses were cocultivated in
      embryonated chicken eggs. This resulted in two categories of behavior being
      observed: (i) one virus was preferentially detected over the other, as shown by
      five out of six influenza A viruses of differing hemagglutinin subtypes being
      preferentially detected over paramyxoviruses, and (ii) dual isolations, for
      example, dual isolations of paramyxoviruses. These findings are considered in the
      light of results of surveillance studies of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses
      carried out on domestic poultry in Hong Kong.

PMID- 6830216
TI  - Modified enrichment broth for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from nonfood
      sources.
AB  - Sorbitol-bile salts broth was modified by the addition of 0.5% peptone for the
      enrichment of Yersinia enterocolitica in nonfood samples. A quantitative
      comparison was made of the growth of Y. enterocolitica in sorbitol-bile salts
      broth and peptone-sorbitol-bile salts broth at 22 degrees C. Incubation for 48 h
      resulted in an average 7.79 log10 increase in a viable cell number for six
      serotypes with peptone-sorbitol-bile salts broth compared with an average 1.85
      log10 increase for sorbitol-bile salts broth. Recovery from seeded seawater
      showed a greater than 100-fold increase in sensitivity with peptone-sorbitol-bile
      salts broth enrichment. Isolation of indigenous Y. enterocolitica from fresh and
      marine waters was also significantly enhanced.

PMID- 6830218
TI  - Bacteriological quality of fabrics washed at lower-than-standard temperatures in
      a hospital laundry facility.
AB  - We determined whether the bacteriological quality of fabrics cleaned in a
      hospital laundry could be maintained at wash temperatures lower than 75 degrees C
      by the use of economically reasonable formulas and wash conditions. Three groups
      of bacteria were examined to determine bacteriological quality: aerobic,
      nonexacting chemoorganotrophs, staphylococci, and total coliforms. The
      distribution of bacteria on soiled fabric was patchy, with staphylococci and
      total coliforms ranging from less than 0.1 to greater than 4 X 10(3) CFU/cm2 and
      chemoorganotrophs ranging from less than 0.1 to greater than 5 X 10(5) CFU/cm2.
      The washing process routinely produced fabric containing less than 1 CFU/cm2. Low
      temperature (47.8 to 60.0 degrees C) wash procedures eliminated all bacterial
      groups at least as effectively as did high-temperature procedures. The
      effectiveness of bacterial density reduction at low temperature was augmented by
      increased concentrations of bleach. Successful low-temperature washing such as
      that shown here may save both energy and money for hospitals.

PMID- 6830219
TI  - Frequency distribution of coliforms in water distribution systems.
AB  - Nine small water distribution systems were sampled intensively to determine the
      patterns of dispersion of coliforms. The frequency distributions of confirmed
      coliform counts were compatible with either the negative-binomial or the
      lognormal distribution. They were not compatible with either the Poisson or
      Poisson-plus-added zeroes distribution. The implications of the use of the
      lognormal distributional model were further evaluated because of its previous use
      in water quality studies. The geometric means from 14 data sets ranged from 10(
      6) to 0.2 coliforms per 100 ml, and the geometric standard deviations were
      between 10 and 100, with one exception. If the lognormal model is representative
      of the coliform distribution; the arithmetic mean sample count is a poor
      estimator of the true mean coliform density, and the probability of water in a
      distribution system containing small patches with large coliform densities
      without detection by routine monitoring is finite. These conclusions have direct
      bearing on the interpretation of microbiological quality standards for drinking
      water.

PMID- 6830217
TI  - Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water.
AB  - We describe a new species of Legionella represented by 10 strains isolated from
      industrial cooling towers. Legionella oakridgensis differed genetically from the
      other seven species of Legionella in DNA hybridization studies and differed
      serologically in direct fluorescent-antibody tests. The new species, unlike all
      other species except L. jordanis, did not require added L-cysteine for growth in
      serial transfer on charcoal-yeast extract agar. L. oakridgensis, as well as three
      other species tested, required L-cysteine for primary isolation from animal
      tissues. L. oakridgensis was the only species of Legionella that failed to
      produce alkaline phosphatase at pH 8.5. In all other respects, it resembled other
      species of Legionella, including having a high content of branched-chain cellular
      fatty acids and being pathogenic for guinea pigs. These bacteria have not yet
      been associated with human disease, but they are potential causes of
      legionellosis.

PMID- 6830220
TI  - Fluorogenic selective and differential medium for isolation of fecal
      streptococci.
AB  - Of 44 fluorogenic substrates tested for their ability to differentiate species of
      fecal streptococci, four yielded species-differentiating reactions. The remaining
      substrates either yielded uniformly positive, negative, or variable strain
      dependent reactions. One substrate, 4-methylumbelliferone-alpha-D-galactoside,
      was hydrolyzed by Streptococcus bovis and S. faecium and its biotypes. 4
      Methylumbelliferone-alpha-D-galactoside and a colorimetric starch substrate were
      incorporated into the fecal streptococcal selective medium of Donnelly and
      Hartman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:576-581, 1978). Three phenotypic groups
      were identifiable on the new fluorescent gentamicin-thallous-carbonate agar: (i)
      starch hydrolysis and fluorescence (S. bovis), (ii) no starch hydrolysis but
      fluorescence (S. faecium and its biotypes), and (iii) no starch hydrolysis or
      fluorescence (S. faecalis, S. avium, S. equinus, S. mitis, and S. salivarius). Of
      the presumptive identifications from sewage, swine, and bovine samples, 86% were
      confirmed as being correct. The new medium has potential application in water,
      food, environmental, and possibly clinical microbiology.

PMID- 6830221
TI  - Detection of T-2 toxin by an improved radioimmunoassay.
AB  - T-2 toxin in serum, urine, and saline was analyzed by a modified radioimmunoassay
      procedure. The specimens were added directly to the assay tubes without
      extraction steps. The reaction between antibody and ligands was optimal at 1 h.
      Albumin-coated charcoal was used to separate bound from free radioactivity.
      Quenching, which occurred with hemolyzed specimens, was corrected by a wet
      oxidation process with 60% perchloric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide. The shorter
      incubation times resulted in an assay that takes less than 6 h to complete. The
      average affinity constant of the antibody (Km) was 1.75 X 10(10) liters/mol. The
      sensitivity was 1 ng per assay or 10 ng/ml. Among the other trichothecenes
      tested, only H-T-2 cross-reacted significantly (10.3%).

PMID- 6830222
TI  - Inhibition of Naegleria fowleri by microbial iron-chelating agents: ecological
      implications.
AB  - Deferrioxamine B and rhodotorulic acid, iron-chelating agents of microbial
      origin, exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on pathogenic Naegleria fowleri at
      microgram levels. This inhibition was diminished by adding iron to the chelators
      before incubation with Naegleria isolates. These and related microbial iron
      chelators occur naturally in the environment. This could be of considerable
      ecological significance and provides a novel hypothesis to account for the
      proliferation of pathogenic Naegleria spp. in certain aquatic habitats.

PMID- 6830223
TI  - Influence of yield on in vitro accumulation of aflatoxins in pecan (Carya
      illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) nutmeats.
AB  - Pecans were harvested from trees (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) in November
      of 1977 through 1979. Kernel meals from high-, medium-, and low-yielding trees
      were inoculated with a spore suspension of Aspergillus parasiticus and incubated
      for 7 days at 25 degrees C. Significant differences in aflatoxin accumulation
      were found among the three substrates, with a direct correlation between high
      aflatoxin concentration and tree yield.

PMID- 6830224
TI  - Comparison of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test with plate counts and chemical
      analyses for assessment of the quality of lean fish.
AB  - The quality of lean fish was assessed simply and rapidly with Limulus amoebocyte
      lysate. The endotoxin levels agreed with aerobic plate counts and chemical
      indices of spoilage. Correlation between level of endotoxin and level of total
      volatile bases was found to be highly significant (r = 0.8579; P less than
      0.001).

PMID- 6830226
TI  - Substrate specificities of Cl- -activated arginine aminopeptidases from human and
      rat origin.

PMID- 6830225
TI  - Fecal coliforms on environmental surfaces in two day care centers.
AB  - A survey of environmental surfaces in two Atlanta area day care centers was
      conducted to determine the prevalence of fecal coliform bacteria, considered a
      marker for the presence of fecal contamination which might contain pathogenic
      parasites, bacteria, or viruses. Fecal coliforms were found in 17 (4.3%) of 398
      representative samples of building surfaces, furniture, and other objects. These
      surfaces may be involved in the chain of transmission of enteric diseases among
      children. Therefore, disinfection of inanimate objects, in addition to good
      handwashing, may be important in controlling the spread of enteric diseases in
      day care centers.

PMID- 6830228
TI  - Allosteric regulation of the NAD malic enzyme from cauliflower: activation by
      sulfate.
AB  - Activation of the NAD malic enzyme by sulfate has been found to be due only to
      free, uncomplexed SO42-; the complex of sulfate with divalent cations has no
      measurable effect on the enzyme. Activation by SO42- is shown to result from a
      decrease in the Km for malate2-. Thus, activation is observed only at less than
      saturating levels of this substrate. The interactions of NAD+ and Mg2+ with the
      enzyme are not affected by SO42-. Response of the activity of the enzyme to SO42-
      is biphasic in that the activation seen at low SO42- concentrations is overcome
      as the level of the effector is increased so that at very high SO42-
      concentrations, activation disappears. This deactivation process is not simply a
      reversal of the activation mechanism; instead, it involves a decrease in the
      intrinsic Vmax of the reaction. The response to SO42- is also affected by the
      presence of other anionic effectors of the malic enzyme. Fumarate2- and phosphate
      are shown to directly affect the activation process by increasing the affinity of
      the enzyme for SO42-. While Cl- does not greatly affect the extent of
      stimulation, it does inhibit the enzyme without reducing the activated rate so
      that the apparent percentage activation over the control is very large, due to
      the lowered control rate. In contrast to the sensitivity of the malic enzyme
      reaction to pH, activation by SO42- appears to be independent of H+
      concentration. The possibility that sulfate is a physiological effector of this
      and other plant mitochondrial enzymes is discussed.

PMID- 6830227
TI  - Modification of the Cl- -activated arginine aminopeptidases from rat liver and
      human erythrocytes: a comparative study.
AB  - The amino acid residues important for the catalytic activity of the Cl- 
      activated arginine aminopeptidases from human erythrocytes and rat liver were
      studied using enzyme modification. The general inhibition characteristics were
      similar with both enzymes. Inactivation with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
      revealed one essential SH-group per active enzyme unit in both aminopeptidases. L
      Arginyl-L-phenylalanine and N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide protected the enzymes
      against inactivation by DTNB, the former substrate being more effective. The rat
      liver enzyme was more sensitive to DTNB than the erythrocyte enzyme. Titration
      with DTNB revealed only fast reacting SH-groups in rat liver APB (mean 7.8). The
      erythrocyte enzyme, however, revealed SH-groups which reacted fast with low
      concentrations of DTNB, while high concentrations of DTNB or SDS treatment were
      needed to reveal all enzyme SH-groups (mean 8.0). The presence of at least one
      essential imidazole group in the erythrocyte enzyme was indicated by
      photooxidation in the presence of methylene blue, as previously found with the
      rat liver enzyme (Makinen and Hopsu-Havu, 1967, Enzymologia 32, 333). The pH
      dependence curves of both enzymes also supported the presence of SH- and
      imidazole groups at or near the active site. Thus, the functional groups
      identified were the same for both enzymes. Neither enzyme had essential COOH or
      arginyl groups and they did not contain any zinc. The absence of Zn suggests that
      the reaction mechanism recently presented by other authors, based on the presence
      of Zn in the active center, does not apply to the Cl- -activated arginine
      aminopeptidases. Accordingly, this enzyme group cannot be classified to
      metallopeptidases.

PMID- 6830229
TI  - Allosteric regulation of the NAD malic enzyme from cauliflower: activation by
      fumarate and coenzyme A.
AB  - Activation of the NAD malic enzyme is shown to be caused by free, uncomplexed
      fumarate2-. Mg-fumarate has no detectable effect on the enzyme. Fumarate2-
      isotherms are biphasic in that they consist of an activating as well as a
      deactivating region. Activation is shown to result from an increase in the
      affinity of the enzyme for malate2- while deactivation results from a reduction
      in Vmax. Phosphate does not affect the response of the enzyme to fumarate2-,
      while Cl- inhibits the enzyme in a manner that cannot be overcome by fumarate2-.
      SO42-, another activator of the malic enzyme, reduces the Ka for fumarate2- from
      3.9 to 2.1 mM. Activation of the enzyme by coenzyme A (CoA) is hyperbolic with a
      Ka for CoA of 2.1 microM. Fumarate2- reduces this value to 1.2 microM. CoA, like
      SO42-, is able to increase the affinity of the enzyme for fumarate2-, decreasing
      its Ka by 56%. An additional effect of fumarate2- is to cause the interconversion
      of different catalytic forms of the enzyme which exist when Mg2- is limiting. On
      the basis of these results, a model of the number and types of allosteric sites
      present on the NAD malic enzyme is proposed.

PMID- 6830230
TI  - Calcium-dependent interactions with calmodulin of a fluorescent calmodulin
      antagonist: N2-dansyl-L-arginine-4-t-butylpiperidine amide.

PMID- 6830231
TI  - Active-site-directed inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase.
AB  - Methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide has been used as an active-site-directed inhibitor
      of carnitine acetyltransferase. Stoichiometric addition of methoxycarbonyl-CoA
      disulfide to carnitine acetyltransferase showed the modification of one
      sulfhydryl group with concomitant loss of about 80% enzyme activity. The rate of
      modification of this sulfhydryl group is an order of magnitude faster than that
      of the remaining sulfhydryl groups in the enzyme. Methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide
      inactivation is biphasic: k1 = 1.09 X 10(2) M-1 S-1, k2 = 1.1 X 10(1) M-1 S-1.
      This modification, Enz-SS-CoA is covalent; it can be reversed with either
      dithioerythritol or thiocholine. Acetyl-carnitine and acetyl-CoA protected the
      enzyme against methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide inactivation; however, carnitine did
      not. These results indicate the presence of a sulfhydryl group in carnitine
      acetyltransferase at the site of acetyl group transfer. Titration of carnitine
      acetyltransferase with nonspecific sulfhydryl reagents, DTNB, and rho
      nitrophenoxycarbonyl methyl disulfide, revealed that four sulfhydryl groups were
      preferentially modified by these reagents. The results also show that seven other
      sulfhydryl groups are available for modification.

PMID- 6830232
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of lipid-linked mannosyl oligosaccharides in
      Volvox carteri f. nagariensis.
AB  - Particulate membrane fractions from Volvox carteri catalyze the transfer of
      mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichyl diphosphate-[14C]chitobiose to form lipid
      linked oligosaccharides up to a dolichyl diphosphate-chitobiose-(mannose)5
      structure. Mannosylation of the chitobiosyl lipid requires divalent cations and
      detergents as solubilizing agents. Depending on the nature of the detergent, the
      oligosaccharide pattern differs markedly: With deoxycholate or the zwitterionic
      detergent 3-14 a lipid-linked trisaccharide accumulates. The nonionic Triton X
      100, however, gives rise to a spectrum of compounds up to a heptasaccharide.
      Enzyme digestion of the tri- and pentasaccharide structure, obtained after mild
      acid hydrolysis of the corresponding [14C]glycolipids, revealed that the first
      mannose is bound via a beta-glycosidic linkage to the chitobiosyl core, whereas
      the outer mannose residues are linked as alpha-mannosides. Our studies indicate
      that, in agreement with recent findings in other organisms, the innermost alpha
      mannosidic residues are donated directly from GDP-mannose. The structure of
      oligosaccharides synthesized by Volvox membranes is thus consistent with results
      from other eucaryotic species, suggesting a common pathway of N-glycosylation of
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6830233
TI  - Studies on prolactin 48: isolation and properties of the hormone from horse
      pituitary glands.
AB  - Isolation of prolactin from equine pituitary glands has been described. It has a
      potency of 42 IU/mg in the pigeon crop-sac test and consists of 199 amino acids.
      The hormone has only four half-cystine residues in contrast to other mammalian
      prolactins which have six residues. From NH2-terminal sequence analysis and amino
      acid composition of cyanogen bromide fragments, the NH2-terminal disulfide loop
      is missing in the equine prolactin molecule. Circular dichroism spectra indicate
      that the alpha-helical content of equine prolactin appears to be lower (50%) than
      that found in the ovine hormone (65%).

PMID- 6830234
TI  - Surface membrane-associated phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
      in L-929 cells.
AB  - L-929 cell surface membranes were incubated with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]
      methionine and found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine: S-adenosylmethionine N
      methyltransferase (phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) activity. The
      enzyme or combination of enzymes responsible for this activity methylated
      endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine and its methylated derivatives to yield
      phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and
      phosphatidylcholine. Maximum enzyme activity was expressed at pH 6.9, the
      reaction was not dependent on the presence of divalent cations, and exogenously
      added phospholipids did not stimulate the rate of reaction. Phospholipid
      methylation was inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and by local anaesthetic
      drugs such as chlorpromazine and tetracaine which partition into the lipid
      bilayer. Control experiments demonstrated that the surface membrane-associated
      methyltransferase activity was not due to contamination of surface membrane
      preparations with intracellular membranes. Surface membranes were found to have
      higher specific methyltransferase activities than whole L-cell homogenates or
      endoplasmic reticulum-enriched microsomes. The low rate of methyltransferase
      function expressed in vitro (approximately 1 pmol/min . mg protein) suggests that
      phospholipid methylation is not a major metabolic source of surface membrane
      phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 6830235
TI  - Acetaldehyde adducts with proteins: binding of [14C]acetaldehyde to serum
      albumin.
AB  - Acetaldehyde, the immediate oxidation product of ethanol metabolism, was assessed
      for its ability to bind covalently to a purified protein in solution. Bovine
      serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model protein incubated in the presence of
      0.2 mM [14C]acetaldehyde at pH 7.4 and at 37 degrees C. Acetaldehyde formed both
      stable and unstable adducts with serum albumin. Unstable adducts were identified
      following stabilization with the reducing agent sodium borohydride. We examined
      both types of binding using trichloroacetic acid precipitation, gel filtration,
      and dialysis as means to separate bound from free acetaldehyde. All three methods
      of analysis gave comparable results except that the number of stable acetaldehyde
      adducts with albumin were significantly lower following separation by dialysis.
      The effects of L-cysteine, L-lysine, and reduced glutathione were assessed for
      their abilities as competitive reagents to decrease binding of [14C]acetaldehyde
      to BSA. Addition of cysteine caused a rather dramatic concentration-dependent
      reduction in [14C]acetaldehyde binding to BSA when compared to that caused by
      lysine which displayed a relatively mild effect on covalent binding. The presence
      of glutathione caused a concentration-dependent decrease in protein-bound
      radioactivity that was stronger than that by lysine but not as effective as
      cysteine. The ability of each reagent to reverse the formation of preformed
      acetaldehyde adducts with BSA was also examined. Only L-cysteine effectively
      decreased the number of unstable acetaldehyde adducts with BSA while stable
      binding of acetaldehyde remained essentially unaffected by any of the three
      reagents. These results indicate that acetaldehyde can covalently bind to protein
      and form unstable as well as stable adducts.

PMID- 6830236
TI  - Reconstitution of calcium transporters from Azotobacter vinelandii membranes.
AB  - Plasma membranes from Azotobacter vinelandii contain two Ca2+ transport
      activities: an electrophoretic uniporter and an electroneutral Ca2+/2H+ exchanger
      (P. Zimniak and E. M. Barnes, Jr. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10,140 (1980)). Both
      activities were reconstituted by the freeze-thaw technique of M. Kasahara and P.
      C. Hinkle (J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7384 (1977)) using
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (1:1) at a lipid-to-protein ratio of
      40. Reconstitution was evidenced both by expansion of the intravesicular volume
      accessible to Ca2+ and by transfer of the transport activities to vesicles with a
      buoyant density less than that of native membranes. The Ca2+ transporters,
      reconstituted into K+-filled proteoliposomes, retained their dependence on the
      membrane potential or delta pH induced by the addition of valinomycin or
      nigericin, respectively. The kinetic parameters of the reconstituted activities
      were similar to those in native membranes, as was their sensitivity to
      inhibitors. The sensitivities of the electrophoretic Ca2+ transporter to
      ruthenium red, morpholinoethanesulfonate, and external K+ and of the Ca2+/2H+
      antiporter to Sr2+ and heat treatment were also retained by the reconstituted
      system.

PMID- 6830237
TI  - Crystallization and properties of aromatic amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas
      sp.
AB  - An amine dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from an extract of a bacterium
      of the genus Pseudomonas grown in a medium containing beta-phenylethylamine as a
      sole carbon source and obtained in a crystalline form with about 100-fold
      purification. The purified enzyme catalyzed the oxidative deamination of various
      aromatic amines as well as some aliphatic amines to a lesser extent. An
      artificial electron acceptor such as phenazine methosulfate was required for the
      catalysis. The molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium was
      103,000 and the molecule seemed to be composed of two pairs of two nonidentical
      subunits (Mr 46,000 and 8000). The enzyme had a dull yellow-green color with an
      absorption maximum at 445 nm and this chromophore appeared to be involved in the
      catalytic action of the enzyme.

PMID- 6830238
TI  - In vitro synthesis of proteoglycans associated with medullary bone in Japanese
      quail.
AB  - A short-term incubation system was used to study proteoglycan synthesis during
      the early stages of medullary bone formation in estrogen-treated male Japanese
      quail. The proteoglycans were separated by chromatography on a DEAE Bio-Gel A
      column eluted with a 400-ml 0-1 M NaCl gradient. The profile from uninjected
      control birds showed a single peak, whereas profiles from estrogen-treated birds
      showed development of another peak. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into the
      estrogen-induced proteoglycan increased most dramatically between 25 and 37 h
      after hormone treatment. The estrogen-induced proteoglycan has a Kav = 0.65 on
      Sepharose CL-4B, an average buoyant density of 1.50 g/ml, and contains keratan
      sulfate as its constituent glycosaminoglycan. The second proteoglycan has a Kav =
      0.52 on Sepharose CL-4B, an average buoyant density of greater than or equal to
      1.7 g/ml, and has chondroitin sulfate as it major glycosaminoglycan. It may also
      contain some heparin or heparan sulfate. The results support the usefulness of
      the incubation system for studying the dynamics of bone matrix production.

PMID- 6830239
TI  - Compositional heterogeneity of protochlorophyllide ester in etiolated leaves of
      higher plants.
AB  - The formation and degradation of protochlorophyllide esters, i.e.,
      protochlorophylls, were studied in etiolated leaves of kidney bean in relation to
      their aging. By the sensitive analysis of the pigments using high-performance
      liquid chromatography, the presence of four protochlorophylls esterified with
      phytol, tetrahydrogeranylgeraniol (THGG), dihydrogeranylgeraniol (DHGG), and
      geranylgeraniol (GG) was detected in kidney bean grown in the dark. Similar
      components were also observed in the etiolated seedlings of cucumber, sunflower,
      and corn. The content of each protochlorophyll species changed with the plant
      species and age of plants. In the case of kidney bean, the content of
      protochlorophyll phytol reached a maximal level at 9 days, then decreased rapidly
      during the subsequent development, in spite of the total protochlorophyll content
      remaining unchanged. In contrast to the degradation of protochlorophyll phytol,
      the other three protochlorophylls esterified with THGG, DHGG, and GG accumulated.
      These results may indicate that (i) protochlorophyll phytol is formed from the
      first esterified protochlorophyll GG through the next three hydrogenation steps
      as in the case of chlorophyll a phytol formation; (ii) the esterification
      reaction stops at 9 days and then reaction proceeds in sequence in the reverse
      direction, leading to the dehydrogenation of the alcohol moiety of
      protochlorophyll phytol to protochlorophylls THGG, DHGG, and GG.

PMID- 6830240
TI  - Isolation of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacteroides fragilis:
      reconstitution as a Mn-containing enzyme.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase from the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis has been purified to
      apparent homogeneity. The protein, Mr 42,000, is a dimer of equally sized
      subunits joined by noncovalent interactions. Metal analysis of the native enzyme
      revealed 1.8-1.9 g-atoms Fe, 0.2 g-atoms Zn, and less than 0.05 g-atoms Mn per
      mole dimer in a preparation whose specific activity was 1200 U/mg. Exposure of
      the enzyme to guanidinium chloride plus 8-hydroxyquinoline (T. Kirby, J. Blum, I.
      Kahane, and I. Fridovich, 1980, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 201, 551-555) resulted in
      complete loss of enzymatic activity. Activity could be restored by dialysis of
      the denatured apoprotein against Tris buffer containing either ferrous ammonium
      sulfate or manganous chloride. The Fe-reconstituted enzyme was inhibited by 1 mM
      azide and inactivated by H2O2 in a manner similar to the native enzyme. Mn
      reconstituted enzyme was inhibited by azide but resisted inactivation by H2O2
      comparable to other purified manganese-containing superoxide dismutases. The
      manganese reconstituted protein contained approximately 1 gm-atom Mn/mol dimer.
      Zn ion potently inhibited reconstitution of the denatured apoprotein by either Mn
      or Fe and bound to the protein with a stoichiometry of 2-3 g-atoms/mol dimer.

PMID- 6830241
TI  - Many monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for certain lung cancers
      are directed against a sugar sequence found in lacto-N-fucopentaose III.

PMID- 6830242
TI  - Nomenclature committee of IUB (NC-IUB) and IUB-IUPAC joint commission on
      biochemical nomenclature (JCBN).

PMID- 6830244
TI  - Polysaccharide nomenclature. Recommendations 1980.

PMID- 6830243
TI  - Abbreviated terminology of oligosaccharide chains. Recommendations 1980.

PMID- 6830245
TI  - Purification and characterization of beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase I from Spinacia
      oleracea leaves.
AB  - beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetase I was purified 180-fold from
      crude extracts of spinach leaves. The purified preparation was completely free
      from other component enzymes of the de novo fatty acid synthetase (FAS) system.
      Its molecular weight was estimated to be 56,000 by gel filtration. The apparent
      Km value for malonyl-CoA in the presence of ACP and malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase
      was 4 microM. Purified synthetase I was highly active with acyl-ACP having chain
      lengths from C2 to C14, with hexanoyl-ACP being the most effective substrate, but
      palmitoyl-ACP was far less effective and stearoyl-ACP almost inactive. The
      antibiotic, cerulenin, strongly inhibited synthetase I activity. The inhibition
      by cerulenin was protected by prior incubation with hexanoyl-ACP, decanoyl-ACP,
      and myristoyl-ACP. The synthetase was inhibited by 1 mM p-CMB and 5 mM NEM, but
      not by 1 mM arsenite.

PMID- 6830246
TI  - Kinetic compartmental analysis of carnitine metabolism in the dog.
AB  - This study was undertaken to quantitate the dynamic parameters of carnitine
      metabolism in the dog. Six mongrel dogs were given intravenous injections of L
      [methyl-3H]carnitine and the specific radioactivity of carnitine was followed in
      plasma and urine for 19-28 days. The data were analyzed by kinetic compartmental
      analysis. A three-compartment, open-system model [(a) extracellular fluid, (b)
      cardiac and skeletal muscle, (c) other tissues, particularly liver and kidney]
      was adopted and kinetic parameters (carnitine flux, pool sizes, kinetic
      constants) were derived. In four of six dogs the size of the muscle carnitine
      pool obtained by kinetic compartmental analysis agreed (+/- 5%) with estimates
      based on measurement of carnitine concentrations in different muscles. In three
      of six dogs carnitine excretion rates derived from kinetic compartmental analysis
      agreed (+/- 9%) with experimentally measured values, but in three dogs the rates
      by kinetic compartmental analysis were significantly higher than the
      corresponding rates measured directly. Appropriate chromatographic analyses
      revealed no radioactive metabolites in muscle or urine of any of the dogs.
      Turnover times for carnitine were (mean +/- SEM): 0.44 +/- 0.05 h for
      extracellular fluid, 232 +/- 22 h for muscle, and 7.9 +/- 1.1 h for other
      tissues. The estimated flux of carnitine in muscle was 210 pmol/min/g of tissue.
      Whole-body turnover time for carnitine was 62.9 +/- 5.6 days (mean +/- SEM).
      Estimated carnitine biosynthesis ranged from 2.9 to 28 mumol/kg body wt/day.
      Results of this study indicate that kinetic compartmental analysis may be
      applicable to study of human carnitine metabolism.

PMID- 6830247
TI  - Demonstration that limonene is the first cyclic intermediate in the biosynthesis
      of oxygenated p-menthane monoterpenes in Mentha piperita and other Mentha
      species.
AB  - The volatile oil of mature Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaves contains as major
      components the oxygenated p-menthane monoterpenes l-menthol (47%) and l-menthone
      (24%) as well as very low levels of the monoterpene olefins limonene (1%) and
      terpinolene (0.1%), which are considered to be probable precursors of the
      oxygenated derivatives. Immature leaves, which are actively synthesizing
      monoterpenes, produce an oil with comparatively higher levels of limonene
      (approximately 3%), and isolation of the pure olefin showed this compound to
      consist of approximately 80% of the l-(4S)-enantiomer and approximately 20% of
      the d-(4R)-enantiomer. The time course of incorporation of [U-14C]sucrose into
      the monoterpenes of M. piperita shoot tips was consistent with the initial
      formation of limonene and its subsequent conversion to menthone via pulegone. d,l
      [9-3H]Limonene and [9,10-3H]terpinolene were prepared and tested directly as
      precursors of oxygenated p-menthane monoterpenes in M. piperita shoot tips.
      Limonene was readily incorporated into pulegone, menthone, and other oxygenated
      derivatives, whereas terpinolene was not appreciably incorporated into these
      compounds. Similarly, d,l-[9-3H]limonene was specifically incorporated into
      pulegone in Mentha pulegium and into the C-2-oxygenated derivative carvone in
      Mentha spicata, confirming the role of this olefin as the essential precursor of
      oxygenated p-menthane monoterpenes. Soluble enzyme preparations from the
      epidermis of immature M. piperita leaves converted the acyclic terpenoid
      precursor [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate to limonene as the major cyclic product,
      providing a further indication that this olefin plays a central role in the
      formation of oxygenated monoterpenes in Mentha. No free intermediates were
      detected in the cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to limonene, suggesting that
      the olefin is the first cyclic intermediate to arise in the pathway, and
      resolution of the biosynthetic limonene, by crystallization of the derived d- and
      l-carvoximes, indicated an enantiomer mixture nearly identical to that isolated
      from the leaf oil.

PMID- 6830248
TI  - Structural studies of oligosaccharides of rat IgE and reexamination of the high
      mannose oligosaccharide of human IgE.

PMID- 6830249
TI  - Acetylation of histones during spermatogenesis in the rat.

PMID- 6830250
TI  - The conformational analysis of oligosaccharides by H-NMR and HSEA calculation.
AB  - The application of 1H-nuclear Overhauser enhancement, 1H-spin-lattice-relaxation
      time and 1H-chemical shift measurements for the assessment of the conformational
      preferences of oligosaccharides are briefly reviewed. It is demonstrated that
      additivity rules, for the correlation of the chemical shifts of similar hydrogen
      atoms in different oligosaccharides, can be useful in the conformational analysis
      of oligosaccharides when the differential chemical shifts are greater than 0.1
      ppm. These often can be attributed to specific interunit deshielding of a
      hydrogen atom by an oxygen atom with which it is in strong nonbonded interaction.
      HSEA calculations are used to demonstrate that differential chemical shifts of
      less than 0.1 ppm can have origins that are not significant to the overall
      conformational preferences of the oligosaccharides which are being compared. Both
      shielding and deshielding effects can arise from a change in the orientation of a
      substituent group as the result of the introduction of a sugar on a neighboring
      unit. It is demonstrated that substituent groups, such as hydroxymethyl and
      acetamido groups, on occasions, should be treated in HSEA calculations as freely
      rotating about their linkage to a pyranose ring.

PMID- 6830251
TI  - Microbial oxidation of methanol: purification and properties of formaldehyde
      dehydrogenase from a Pichia sp. NRRL-Y-11328.

PMID- 6830252
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of bovine liver argininosuccinate lyase.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of bovine liver argininosuccinate lyase has been determined
      at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C. Fumarate and arginine are both noncompetitive inhibitors
      versus argininosuccinate. The dead-end inhibitor, succinate, is competitive
      versus fumarate and argininosuccinate, but noncompetitive versus arginine.
      Citrulline is competitive versus arginine and noncompetitive versus
      argininosuccinate and fumarate. The results are consistent with a random
      mechanism with the formation of two dead-end complexes: E . argininosuccinate .
      fumarate and E . argininosuccinate . arginine. No evidence was obtained for
      nonlinear reciprocal plots. The equilibrium constant was found to be 3.7 mM.

PMID- 6830253
TI  - Purification and some properties of ATP-citrate lyase from rat brain.
AB  - ATP-citrate lyase has been purified from rat brain by a new procedure which
      yields an enzyme of specific activity of 21 U/mg protein (37 degrees C) (2050
      fold purification). Purity (by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis) of the
      preparation was comparable to that of rat liver ATP-citrate lyase of similar
      specific activity. Both brain and liver ATP-citrate lyase have the same
      electrophoretic mobility, as well as the same immunoreactivity against specific
      rabbit anti-rat liver ATP-citrate lyase antibody. These data indicate that rat
      brain ATP-citrate lyase is similar or identical to that present in rat liver.
      Intraperitoneally injected 32Pi was incorporated into the structural phosphate of
      ATP-citrate lyase in rat liver but not into the rat brain enzyme.

PMID- 6830255
TI  - Effects of calcium on the permeability of isolated adult rat heart cells to
      sodium.
AB  - The permeability of rat heart myocytes to Na increases when extracellular Ca
      (Ca0) is decreased. This increased permeability is reflected in elevated Na/K
      ratios in nonenergized myocytes and in increased ouabain-sensitive lactate
      production in anaerobic myocytes supplemented with glucose. Myocytes treated with
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (1 mM) maintain
      low Na/K ratios, but expend considerable glycolytic ATP in ouabain-sensitive
      cation cycling. The data suggest that Ca0 bound to the sarcolemma can restrict
      transmembrane movement of Na via pathways that are not yet defined. The lack of
      significant net accumulation of Ca argues against the explanation that Ca0
      maintains low internal Na levels as a result of Na-Ca exchange. Both the
      increased uptake of Na and increased utilization of ATP in the absence of Ca0 may
      be relevant to the phenomenon of "Ca-paradox" in situ.

PMID- 6830254
TI  - The interaction of substrate-related ketals with bacterial and viral
      neuraminidases.
AB  - Arthrobacter sialophilus neuraminidase catalyzes the hydration of 5-acetamido-2,6
      anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid (2,3-dehydro-AcNeu)
      with Km and kcat values of 8.9 X 10(-4) M and 6.40 X 10(-4) s-1, respectively.
      The methyl ester of 2,3-dehydro-AcNeu as well as 2,3-dehydro-4-epi-AcNeu are also
      hydrated by the enzyme. The product resulting from the enzymatic hydration of 2,3
      dehydro-AcNeu is N-acetylneuraminic acid. A series of derivatives of 2,3-dehydro
      AcNeu (K1, 1.60 X 10(-6) M) including 2,3-dehydro-4-epi-AcNeu (2.10 X 10(-4) M)
      and 2,3-dehydro-4-keto-AcNeu (K1 = 6.10 X 10(-5) M) were each competitive
      inhibitors of the enzyme. The methyl esters of these ketal derivatives were also
      competitive enzyme inhibitors. Dissociation constants for these ketals were
      determined independently by fluorescence enzyme titrations which gave values
      similar to those found kinetically. These six relatives of 2,3-dehydro-AcNeu were
      also competitive inhibitors for the influenza viral neuraminidases. For the viral
      neuraminidases, the dissociation constant for 2,3-dehydro-AcNeu and its methyl
      ester were 2.40 X 10(-6) and 1.17 X 10(-3) M, respectively. The interpretation
      placed upon the K1 values determined for these ketals against the Arthrobacter
      versus influenza neuraminidases is that the bacterial enzyme has a more flexible
      glycone binding site.

PMID- 6830256
TI  - The effect of dietary fat on the activity, content, rates of synthesis, and
      degradation and translation of messenger RNA coding for malic enzyme in mouse
      liver.

PMID- 6830257
TI  - The effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors formate, bicarbonate, acetazolamide,
      and imidazole on photosystem II in maize chloroplasts.
AB  - Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase were tested for their effects on Photosystem II
      (PS II) activity in chloroplasts. We find that formate inhibition of PS II
      turnover rates increases as the pH of the reaction medium is lowered. Bicarbonate
      ions can inhibit PS II turnover rates. The relative potency of the anionic
      inhibitors N-3, I-, OA-c, and Cl- is the same for both carbonic anhydrase and PS
      II. The inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on PS II increases as light intensity
      decreases, indicating a lowering of quantum yields in the presence of the
      inhibitor. Imidazole inhibition of PS II increases with pH in a manner suggesting
      that the unprotonated form of the compound is inhibitory. Formate, bicarbonate,
      acetazolamide, and imidazole all inhibit DCMU-insensitive, silicomolybdate
      supported oxygen evolution, indicating that the site(s) of action of the
      inhibitors is at, or before, the primary stable PS II electron acceptor, Q. This
      inhibitory effect of low levels of HCO-3 along with the known enhancement by HCO
      3 of quinone-mediated electron flow suggests an antagonistic control effect on PS
      II photochemistry. We conclude that the responses of PS II to anions (formate,
      bicarbonate), acetazolamide, and imidazole are analogous to the responses shown
      by carbonic anhydrase. These findings suggest that the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
      may provide a model system to gain insight into the "bicarbonate-effect"
      associated with PS II in chloroplasts.

PMID- 6830258
TI  - Correlation between thylakoid stacking and cation-induced decrease in photosystem
      I electron transport at saturating light intensity.

PMID- 6830260
TI  - Interaction of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase with isoquinoline alkaloids.
AB  - Representatives of four different classes of isoquinoline alkaloids (aporphines,
      benzylisoquinolines, tetrahydroisoquinolines, and phthalideisoquinolines) inhibit
      glutamate dehydrogenase activity in both reaction directions. Representatives of
      five other groups of isoquinoline alkaloids have been without any significant
      effect on this enzyme. The structural requirements for the interaction of
      alkaloids with glutamate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase are different.
      From the analysis of inhibition and from fluorescence-polarization data it
      follows that for an efficient binding of these alkaloids to glutamate
      dehydrogenase the presence of coenzyme is necessary. The effects of substrates on
      the interaction of the enzyme with alkaloids are small. Experiments with other
      ligands of glutamate dehydrogenase have been done to locate the binding site of
      the enzyme for alkaloids. The observed kinetic competition of isoquinoline
      alkaloids with thyroxine might indicate common or overlapping binding sites of
      glutamate dehydrogenase for these compounds.

PMID- 6830259
TI  - Reconstitution of adenylate cyclase in Neurospora from two components of the
      enzyme.
AB  - The ATP-Mg2+-dependent, guanine nucleotide-stimulated adenylate cyclase of
      Neurospora crassa was shown to be composed of distinct components which, when
      mixed, can reconstitute a holoenzyme. After brief heat treatment, the adenylate
      cyclase activity in crude homogenates of Neurospora was found to have reduced
      activity and greatly reduced sensitivity to stimulation by guanyl-5'-yl
      imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). Gpp(NH)p sensitivity could be restored by addition
      of a homogenate from a crisp-1 (cr-1) mutant of Neurospora which was shown to
      have little or no adenylate cyclase activity. These results show that the
      adenylate cyclase of Neurospora resembles the enzyme of animal systems in that it
      is composed of distinct regulatory and catalytic components. The data presented
      also show that the cr-1 mutant is defective in the adenylate cyclase catalytic
      component but not in the regulatory component. Therefore, cr-1 is unlike most
      other such eucaryotic mutants which appear to be defective in the regulatory
      component.

PMID- 6830262
TI  - Motility activation, respiratory stimulation, and alteration of Ca2+ transport in
      bovine sperm treated with amine local anesthetics and calcium transport
      antagonists.

PMID- 6830261
TI  - Is vitamin E the only lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human blood
      plasma and erythrocyte membranes?
AB  - The concentration of lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidants in human plasma
      and in erythrocyte ghosts have been determined for the first time by an inhibited
      autoxidation method. The results are very similar to the concentrations of
      vitamin E measured for the same blood components by the HPLC method. It is
      concluded that vitamin E, which is largely present as alpha-tocopherol, is the
      only significant lipid-soluble, chain-breaking type of antioxidant present in
      human blood. The concentration of vitamin E in the plasma lipids divided by the
      concentration of vitamin E in the ghost membrane lipids is approximately a
      constant despite the large differences in vitamin E-intake and in plasma lipid
      concentrations in different individuals. Vitamin E/lipid ratios for plasma and
      ghosts were larger for subjects taking a supplement of alpha-tocopherol acetate
      of 100 IU per week, compared to nonsupplemented subjects (based on data from a
      limited number of subjects). A larger supplement of 2800 IU per week did not
      significantly increase the vitamin E/lipid ratios.

PMID- 6830263
TI  - Localization of the disulfide bond in human antithrombin III required for heparin
      accelerated thrombin inactivation.
AB  - Heparin accelerates the rate of inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III.
      Reduction of one of the three antithrombin disulfide bonds with dithiothreitol
      under mild conditions abolishes this rate-enhancing effect without affecting the
      rate of reaction in the absence of heparin. Alkylation of mildly reduced
      antithrombin III with [3H]iodacetic acid followed by digestion with cyanogen
      bromide yielded two major labeled peptides. The smaller peptide, containing Cys
      422, was identified as extending from Gly-414 to the C-terminus, Lys-424. Our
      data are consistent with the larger labeled peptide being the one extending from
      Glu-104 to Met-243 and containing Cys-239. Cys-422 has been shown by others to be
      linked to Cys-239. These data indicate that the sensitive disulfide bond in
      antithrombin III extends between Cys-239 and Cys-422; the site at which thrombin
      cleaves the antithrombin III is between these two half-cystines.

PMID- 6830264
TI  - Contribution of the pentose cycle to lipogenesis in bovine adipose tissue.

PMID- 6830265
TI  - Theory of electrophoresis of reacting systems as applied to the sulfhydryl
      oxidation of creatine kinase.
AB  - In an attempt to explain the unusual electrophoretic behavior of fish muscle
      creatine kinase, a phenomenological theory of transport of reacting systems has
      been formulated for the electrophoresis of a sulfhydryl protein undergoing
      oxidation in the presence of a gradient of molecular oxygen. The model assumes
      slow O2-oxidation of sulfhydryl groups followed by rather rapidly reversible
      sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange with concomitant change in the electrophoretic
      mobility of the protein. The computed electrophoretic patterns for this model
      exhibit a sharp, unimodal ascending boundary but a bimodal descending boundary in
      which the proportions of the two peaks are time dependent. There is a striking
      similarity between the theoretical patterns and their experimental counterparts
      (M.D. Doherty, D.A. Bergman, V.M. Re-Miller, and D.J. Winzor, 1980, Arch.
      Biochem. Biophys. 202, 558-564); and hence support for consideration of the
      electrophoresis of fish muscle creatine kinase in these terms.

PMID- 6830266
TI  - Lysosomal carboxypeptidase B from rabbit lung purification and characterization.

PMID- 6830267
TI  - Exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 6830268
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic value of fibrin stabilising factor in Schonlein-Henoch
      syndrome.
AB  - Fibrin stabilising factor (FSF) was studied in the circulating blood of 196
      children. These 196 children comprised three groups: 131 controls (group A), 20
      children with diseases of potential repercussion on FSF determination (group B),
      and 45 children with Schonlein-Henoch syndrome (group C). Determinations from
      groups A and B produced normal values, but results from group C were
      significantly lower at the onset of the vasculitis. Seventeen children with
      Schonlein-Henoch syndrome have had complications, in 7 of whom these were severe.
      The decrease in FSF levels was correlated with the severity of such
      complications, and an increase in FSF was associated with recovery. Determination
      of FSF activity appears to help in the diagnosis of Schonlein-Henoch vasculitis,
      as well as helping to monitor the course of the disease and assessing the risks
      of complications.

PMID- 6830269
TI  - Umbilical venous blood pH: a useful aid in the diagnosis of asphyxia at birth.
AB  - Umbilical venous blood, and umbilical arterial blood pH, PO2, PCO2, and base
      excess were determined in 453 term infants at birth. The results indicate that
      umbilical venous blood pH, and umbilical arterial blood pH are significantly
      related to each another. Acidosis, as defined by an umbilical venous blood pH
      less than 7 X 27, is associated with a lower PO2, a raised PCO2, and a reduced
      buffer base when compared with PO2, PCO2, and buffer base associated with a
      normal pH (7 X 27-7 X 42), or alkalosis (pH greater than 7 X 42). The infant's
      condition at birth was recorded using modified Apgar scores, in which the
      gradings were vigorous (5-6), intermediate (3-4), or depressed (0-2). In the
      neonatal period, neurological abnormalities occurred in infants who had been in a
      depressed condition at birth in the presence of acidosis. Other infants, who had
      been in a depressed condition with a normal pH or alkalosis and the remaining
      infants who had an intermediate or a vigorous condition at birth, did not
      manifest neurological abnormalities in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest
      that measurement of umbilical venous blood pH, whose values correlate well with
      those of umbilical arterial blood pH, in infants who are in a depressed condition
      at birth improves the clinical assessment of the severity of asphyxia.

PMID- 6830272
TI  - Measles immunisation: why have we failed?

PMID- 6830270
TI  - Effects of routine care procedures on transcutaneous oxygen in neonates: a
      quantitative approach.
AB  - The changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) during 123 observations of
      10 care procedures were compared with the intrinsic variability of the TcPO2 at
      the time of the procedures. Standard deviations of the TcPO2 were measured by
      planimetry from continuous recording in undisturbed infants during a 10-minute
      control period immediately before each procedure. The decrement of TcPO2 during
      the procedure and the change in TcPO2 5 minutes after the procedure had ended
      were measured. A chest x-ray film had the most striking early hypoxic effect, but
      all the procedures produced early hypoxia in at least one-quarter of the infants.
      The significant decreases in oxygenation with particular procedures indicate
      areas in which changes in techniques might be applied to the benefit of the
      neonate.

PMID- 6830271
TI  - Mucosal metaplasia and chronic inflammation in the middle ear of infants
      receiving intensive care in the neonatal period.
AB  - The histological findings in the middle ear cavity of 72 infants of varying
      gestations, birthweights, and ages are presented. All infants died after
      receiving ventilatory support and oxygen for longer than 14 days. In 5 infants
      there was no detectable histological abnormality. In the remainder, a wide range
      of lesions was seen including glandular metaplasia, retained squamous debris,
      squamous polyps, otitis media, and destruction of ossicles. None of the cases of
      otitis media was diagnosed before necropsy; all were associated with pneumonia.
      No single specific infectious agent predominated. Several factors could
      contribute to the spectrum of lesions, and these include persistent amniotic
      squamous debris, infection, and the effects of oxygen and a nasal airway. The
      possible implications of these findings are discussed, and it is argued that
      similar changes of lesser severity could be present in survivors in whom otitis
      media and conduction hearing defects could be expected.

PMID- 6830273
TI  - Loperamide in severe protracted diarrhoea.
AB  - Six infants with severe life-threatening protracted diarrhoea were treated with
      loperamide. Steady-state perfusion studies of the jejunum showed that in 2 of
      them the small intestine was in a net secretory state with respect to water, and
      in the others this was inferred from the fact that the diarrhoea persisted
      despite nothing by mouth. Loperamide resulted in a prompt and impressive
      improvement in the condition of each infant. We conclude that this drug has an
      important role in the management of protracted diarrhoeal states in some infants
      who are unresponsive to current treatments, and that its effect is related to its
      antisecretory action.

PMID- 6830276
TI  - Costs of visiting babies in special care baby units.
AB  - Parents of babies who spend long periods in special care baby units are faced
      with the problem of developing a caring relationship with their baby. The
      journeys to and from the hospital pose additional financial and social stress on
      parents who are already under considerable emotional strain. A survey into the
      financial costs incurred by parents visiting their babies in six hospitals during
      a period of 2 months was conducted using questionnaires. Complete data were
      available for analysis from four hospitals on 126 babies (98 inborn and 28
      outborn). For babies inborn in a maternity hospital, the mean cost of visiting
      for parents with a car was 41 pounds (range 1-336) and for those who travelled by
      public transport the mean cost was 30 pounds (range 2-151). For babies born
      outside the hospital and transferred to a special care baby unit, the mean cost
      of visiting for parents with a car was 123 pounds (range 11-518), and for those
      who travelled by public transport the mean cost was 46 pounds (range 16-80).
      There was almost no financial assistance available to help these families, one
      third of whom had at least one serious social problem.

PMID- 6830275
TI  - Asthma and infant diet.
AB  - The relationship of milk diet and solid feeding practices during the first 4
      months of life to rates of early childhood asthma was studied prospectively in a
      birth cohort of 1110 children. The results of the analysis showed no significant
      association between rates of asthma and breast feeding or solid feeding
      practices. This was true for children both of asthmatic and non-asthmatic
      parentage. It is concluded that there is no evidence to indicate that early
      breast feeding had any detectable effect on the risk of subsequent asthma in this
      birth cohort. However, the possibility still remains that breast feeding may have
      a prophylactic effect for children from highly atopic families.

PMID- 6830274
TI  - Elemental diet in acute Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6830277
TI  - Teenage mothering, admission to hospital, and accidents during the first 5 years.
AB  - One thousand and thirty-one singleton children of teenage mothers were compared
      with 10 950 singleton children of older mothers in a national longitudinal cohort
      study. Children born to teenage mothers and living with them during the first 5
      years were more liable to hospital admissions, especially after accidents and for
      gastroenteritis, than were children born to and living with older mothers.
      Frequent accidents, poisoning, burns, and superficial injuries or lacerations
      were more often reported by teenage mothers. The association of teenage mothering
      with greater likelihood that children would have accidents or be admitted to
      hospital remained highly significant even after controlling for social and
      biological confounding influences. Although in part a marker for adverse
      socioeconomic circumstances, low maternal age appears to be a health hazard for
      children.

PMID- 6830278
TI  - Lung function after acute bronchiolitis.
AB  - We performed 211 lung function measurements on 93 children in the first year
      after they had been admitted with acute bronchiolitis. During the convalescent
      phase of the illness, 77% of the infants were hyperinflated with a thoracic gas
      volume greater than 40 ml/kg and 3 months later 43% were hyperinflated. Twelve
      months after the initial illness, 17% still had lung function abnormalities and
      most of these children have had lower respiratory tract symptoms. For the group
      as a whole about 60% have had at least one episode of wheezing. Specific
      conductances were significantly lower in children from atopic families,
      indicating worse lung function, but the significance of this finding is unclear.

PMID- 6830279
TI  - Influence of breast feeding on the clinical features of salt-losing congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 6830280
TI  - Supplementary water for breast-fed babies in a hot and dry climate--not really a
      necessity.

PMID- 6830281
TI  - Are facial bruises in babies ever accidental?

PMID- 6830282
TI  - Total colonoscopy in children.

PMID- 6830283
TI  - Effects of oral theophylline and oral salbutamol in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 6830284
TI  - Early discharge of low birthweight infants.

PMID- 6830287
TI  - Prevalence and pattern of renal disease in eastern Libya.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted to identify the pattern and aetiology of kidney
      disease in children living in eastern Libya. A total of 343 patients was studied,
      representing 3% of annual admissions to the children's hospital. The major renal
      diseases were post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (in 116), acute renal failure
      (in 93), and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (in 65). Less common diseases were
      tubular transport defect (in 3) and end-stage renal disease (in 3). The mortality
      rate (excluding neonates) was below 1%. The pattern of kidney disease referred to
      this hospital in Libya was different from that reported in other parts of Africa.

PMID- 6830289
TI  - Intracranial calcification in survivors of childhood medulloblastoma.
AB  - Computerised tomography scans of the brain have been performed on 5 children who
      have survived at least 5 years after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy for
      medulloblastoma. Intracranial calcification of varying degrees of the basal
      ganglia and of the frontal and parietal cortex was detected in the 3 children who
      were irradiated under age 5 years.

PMID- 6830286
TI  - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: an analysis of prognostic features.
AB  - Seventy-two children with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome were seen between 1969
      and 1980 at The Hospital for Sick Children and Guy's Hospital, London. They
      probably constitute the majority of such cases in south-east England during that
      period. Boys and girls were affected equally, the mean age at presentation was
      3.5 years, and a peak incidence of the disorder in summer months was observed. In
      52 (72%) there was a history of diarrhoea at onset. Fifty-seven (78%) were
      managed by dialysis. Fifty (70%) of the 72 children had a favourable outcome with
      complete recovery, 3 (4%) died in the acute phase of the illness, 8 (11%) had
      residual hypertension or chronic renal failure, and 11 (16%) never recovered
      renal function. The probability of complete recovery of renal function was
      analysed by logistic regression which indicated that younger age, presentation in
      the summer months, diarrhoea at onset and, in those patients who were dialysed, a
      short prodromal illness were associated with a good outcome. Further analysis of
      the interaction among these variables in the patient group as a whole indicated
      that diarrhoea favoured a good outcome among boys but not girls.

PMID- 6830285
TI  - Prevention of infective endocarditis.

PMID- 6830288
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism and the low T3 syndrome in thalassaemia major.

PMID- 6830291
TI  - Premature menarche: a follow-up study.

PMID- 6830290
TI  - Congenital heart disease in the neonate: results of surgical treatment.
AB  - All 212 neonates undergoing cardiac surgery at this hospital during the 5-year
      period from 1976 to 1980 inclusive were reviewed. Forty required open heart
      surgery with 23 (57%) deaths. One hundred and seventy-four neonates underwent non
      bypass procedures and could be divided into three groups: group 1 (82 patients)
      had inadequate pulmonary blood flow, group 2 (33 patients) had increased
      pulmonary blood flow or inadequate mixing, and group 3 (59 patients) had
      coarctation of the aorta, alone or with associated lesions. Forty-four (25%) of
      the neonates undergoing non-bypass procedures died. Two required bypass surgery
      later in the first month of life. Metabolic acidosis and the need for
      preoperative respiratory support were appreciably greater in non-surviving
      patients. The spectrum of diagnoses encountered and types of operative procedures
      performed are analysed.

PMID- 6830292
TI  - Measurement of renal size in preterm and term infants by real-time ultrasound.

PMID- 6830294
TI  - Serosal miliary Crohn's disease in association with probable coeliac disease.
AB  - A 2-year-old boy with peritoneal miliary Crohn's disease is described. In
      addition to vague gastrointestinal symptoms, ascites was a prominent feature. The
      jejunal mucosa was markedly atrophic, compatible with a diagnosis of coexistent
      coeliac disease.

PMID- 6830293
TI  - Neonatal pericardial effusion associated with central eventration of the
      diaphragm.

PMID- 6830298
TI  - Hyperuricaemia as a cause of acute renal failure complicating cardiopulmonary
      bypass surgery.

PMID- 6830297
TI  - The Rottenrow endotracheal tube holder.

PMID- 6830296
TI  - Recurrent meningitis secondary to concealed cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea.

PMID- 6830295
TI  - Laryngospasm as a single manifestation of epilepsy.

PMID- 6830299
TI  - Great expectations.

PMID- 6830302
TI  - Sensitive periods in behavioural development.

PMID- 6830300
TI  - Child care and the family doctor.

PMID- 6830301
TI  - Vision and reality.

PMID- 6830303
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal reflux in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome or suspected
      recurrent aspiration.
AB  - We have compared barium swallow with a radionuclide gastro-oesophageal
      scintigraphy (milk scan) method of detecting gastro-oesophageal reflux in 26
      infants. In 17 cases, presenting as near miss sudden infant death syndrome,
      reflux was detected in 2 by barium swallow and in 8 by scintigraphy. In the
      remaining 9 infants with suspected pulmonary aspiration, reflux was demonstrated
      by barium swallow in 2 and by scintigraphy in four. Aspiration after gastro
      oesophageal reflux was demonstrated only by the radionuclide scan. The
      feasibility of recording physiological variables during periods of reflux was
      confirmed.

PMID- 6830305
TI  - Combined effect of body size, season, and location on trace element levels in
      mussels (Mytilus edulis).

PMID- 6830304
TI  - Multiple causes of asphyxia in infants at high risk for sudden infant death.
AB  - A wide range of clinical findings was present in 58 near-miss sudden infant death
      syndrome (SIDS) infants and 6 surviving twins of SIDS siblings. Specific
      investigations included: studies of gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration (24
      hour oesophageal pH recordings, barium swallow, radionuclide 'milk-scan');
      polygraphic studies of breathing, reflux, and sleep state; studies of upper
      airways disease (lateral airways radiography and endoscopy); detection of seizure
      activity by electroencephalography; evaluation of thiamine status by erythrocyte
      transketolase activity of venous blood. Thiamine deficiency was found in 12 of 43
      tested infants; 5 of the deficient infants had a familial history of SIDS. Many
      potential mechanisms for asphyxia were found: idiopathic central apnoea (7
      infants), tracheal obstruction from minimal tracheomalacia or aberrant innominate
      artery (4 infants), temporal lobe or generalised seizures (6 infants), gastro
      oesophageal reflux (55 infants) with intrapulmonary aspiration (11 infants). The
      high incidence, severity, and timing of reflux were new findings. Reflux occurred
      in active and indeterminate sleep, but not in quiet sleep. The depression of
      respiratory reflexes by active sleep stresses the vulnerability to asphyxia. Two
      factors suggest that near-miss episodes are related to SIDS: the similar age
      distribution but earlier occurrence of near-miss episodes compared with age at
      death of SIDS infants, and the subsequent sudden death of 2 infants whose
      necropsies were consistent with SIDS.

PMID- 6830307
TI  - Lead accumulation and depression of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)
      in young birds fed automotive waste oil.

PMID- 6830306
TI  - Heavy metals in estuarine shellfish from Oregon.

PMID- 6830308
TI  - Humoral immunity in the chicken as affected by mercury.

PMID- 6830309
TI  - Effect of loading density on the acute toxicities of surfactants, copper, and
      phenol to Daphnia magna Straus.

PMID- 6830310
TI  - Human environmental exposure to trichloro- and tetrachloroethylene from water and
      air in Milan, Italy.

PMID- 6830311
TI  - Worker exposure to paraquat and diquat.

PMID- 6830312
TI  - Synthetic musk residues in biota and water from Tama River and Tokyo Bay (Japan).

PMID- 6830313
TI  - Oxygen toxicity and hemoglobinemia in subjects from a highly polluted town.
AB  - Red blood cell activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two
      key enzymes responsible for the control of the concentrations of activated oxygen
      species, were approximately two-fold higher in residents of Vila Parisi (Cubatao,
      Brazil)--a higher polluted neighborhood--than in a population sample from Sao
      Paulo City. The catalase levels were the same in both samples. A concurrent high
      concentration of methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia was encountered in the
      blood of Vila Parisi residents. These data raise the possibility that the
      increased rate of oxyhemoglobin oxidation yielding O-.2 and H2O2 may be relevant
      to mutagenesis induced by HO. radicals.

PMID- 6830314
TI  - Relationships of air pollution to health: results from the Pittsburgh study.
AB  - The evaluation of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to relatively
      low levels of regulated air pollutants is currently of major concern. The
      determination of short-term or acute effects is necessary for this evaluation. By
      using methodology that directly addressed the time series nature of the data,
      this study investigated acute health effects of daily levels of air pollution in
      Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, using both mortality and morbidity events as the
      adverse health response to ambient pollution. Health effects were determined
      using the air quality data for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulates as measured
      by the Coefficient of Haze from three monitoring stations located within the
      county. The mortality analysis provided a replication of a previous study
      performed in the New York area. The analysis was limited to the investigation of
      same day effects. Results indicated a possible association between heart disease
      mortality/morbidity and same day particulate levels. No association between SO2
      and mortality/morbidity was seen at the present level of SO2. These findings were
      in agreement with those obtained in the New York City study and in a re-analysis
      of London winter data. The need for investigations of delayed effects and weather
      mortality/morbidity relationships, as well as evaluation of hospital discharge
      record information, was stressed.

PMID- 6830318
TI  - Chronic progressive eosinophilic fasciitis: report of a 20-year failure to attain
      remission.
AB  - A retrospective diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis was made in a patient with
      disabling contractural disease of 20 years' duration. Chronic moderate-dose
      corticosteroid therapy had failed to halt either clinical or histological
      progression of the disease, but rapid worsening of skin thickening and
      contracture followed withdrawal of prednisone. Muscle wasting was severe in spite
      of normal serum creatine kinase levels; urinary excretion of creatinine was
      consistently elevated.

PMID- 6830315
TI  - Effects of low lead exposure on neuro-behavioral function in the rat.
AB  - Small doses (45-180 micrograms/g) of lead acetate were administered to male rats
      by gavage every day during the first 3 wk of life. A blood concentration of
      approximately 59 micrograms/100 ml blood produced signs of disturbances in reflex
      development and some changes in emotional behavior. Larger doses resulted in
      subtle changes in the neuromotor coordination function. The effect of low levels
      of lead exposure on the cognitive function in operant conditioning could not
      clearly be observed. Brain lead concentration tended to be higher than in other
      tissues examined. At approximately 10 months following cessation of lead acetate
      administration, the brain lead concentration had decreased to almost the same
      level found in control rats, and no distinguishable differences were observed
      between the lead-treated rats and controls in emotional behavior and neuromotor
      coordination.

PMID- 6830317
TI  - Two case reports of deaths on industrial premises attributed to 1,1,1
      trichloroethane.
AB  - Two fatal poisonings resulting from exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane are
      described. Each case occurred at a separate workplace where the solvent was used
      as a degreasing agent. These cases are considered in light of other 1,1,1
      trichloroethane poisonings reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate.
      Factors common to these and other incidents are discussed.

PMID- 6830316
TI  - Epidemiologic health study of workers in an aluminum smelter in Kitimat, B.C. II.
      Effects on musculoskeletal and other systems.
AB  - A health study was carried out on 2066 workers in an aluminum smelter in Kitimat,
      British Columbia to study the effects of exposure to fluoride and other air
      contaminants encountered on the potlines on the musculoskeletal system,
      hemopoietic tissue, liver, and renal function. Three hundred seventy-two railway
      repair workers from Squamish, British Columbia served as an "external" control
      group. Examination of the spine and sacroiliac joints and pelvic X-ray were
      conducted on long-term potline workers and a number of "internal" control workers
      in the smelter not exposed to any air contaminants. Urinary fluoride measurements
      and personal sampling for airborne fluoride were also carried out. Blood samples
      were collected for routine blood count and liver and renal function test.
      Definite cases of skeletal fluorosis were not found in any potroom workers. Some
      of the changes of early skeletal fluorosis described on pelvic X-rays, e.g.,
      increased density, calcification of ligaments, and periosteal changes, were found
      in a few workers who were employed on the potlines for more than 10 yr. There
      was, however, poor agreement in the findings of the two radiologists who read the
      films. The entity "musculoskeletal fluorosis" does not exist in this smelter
      where the potroom workers were exposed to total fluoride levels below the
      currently accepted threshold limit value of 2.5 mg/m3. No ill effects on the
      hematopoietic tissue or liver and renal function were found.

PMID- 6830320
TI  - Age-related blood changes in hip osteoarthritis patients: a possible indicator of
      bone quality.

PMID- 6830319
TI  - Primary late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with inflammatory
      polyarthritis and septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - A case is reported of primary late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with a
      chronic seronegative, nonerosive arthritis, which was complicated by an episode
      of septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient had subcutaneous
      nodules which have not been regarded previously as a feature of the chronic
      arthritis associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The diagnosis of septic
      arthritis was delayed for 2 months until synovial fluid was specifically cultured
      for mycoplasmas. This delay resulted in considerable joint destruction. The
      importance of searching for mycoplasmas in similar cases is emphasised.

PMID- 6830321
TI  - Relationship of precipitating antibodies to soluble cellular antigens and
      histologically defined renal lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP), Sm, SS-A, and SS-B, were studied
      by a quantitative immunodiffusion technique in 48 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). There was no correlation between the presence or titre of
      antibodies to any of these antigens and clinically apparent renal disease.
      However, among 34 patients who had renal biopsies antibodies to nRNP, Sm, and/or
      SS-A were seen in all 8 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. Low-titre
      antibodies (less than 1:4) were seen in 3 out of 7 patients with diffuse
      proliferative glomerulonephritis. Longitudinal studies in 4 patients who had
      serial biopsies indicated that the association between serological and
      histological findings was maintained for prolonged periods. In 2 patients whose
      biopsy pattern changed, antibodies to nRNP, Sm, and SS-A antedated the
      development of membranous nephritis.

PMID- 6830322
TI  - Chronic arthritis associated with the presence of intrasynovial rubella virus.
AB  - In this report we present 21 instances in which live rubella virus was isolated
      from synovial fluid obtained from 6 cases of inflammatory oligoarthritis or
      polyarthritis over a period of 2 years in the absence of firm clinical evidence
      of rubella. In 3 cases (cases 1, 2, 6,) a persistent oligoarthritis predominantly
      affecting the knee joints occurred in 2 adult women and one man, lasting to date
      27, 29, and 18 months respectively, and in one of these cases virions were found
      in cells of the synovial membrane. In case 3 a boy of 9 presented with an illness
      indistinguishable from the systemic variety of juvenile chronic arthritis
      (Still's disease). In case 4 a young man with persistent monoarthritis was found
      to have ankylosing spondylitis, and in case 5 a progressive erosive polyarthritis
      developed 5 years after an attack of rubella complicated by rubella arthritis.
      The virus was identified by a variety of virological techniques and infection
      confirmed by immunofluorescence and (in one case) electron microscopy.

PMID- 6830324
TI  - Normal joint mobility in mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Thirty-seven adults (19 male, 18 female) with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) were
      examined for evidence of joint hypermobility scored on a 0-9 scale. None of the
      patients had hypermobility scores exceeding 3, and comparison with 37 healthy age
      and sex matched controls recruited from hospital staff failed to show an
      increased prevalence of hypermobility in MVP. There was no evidence that the MVP
      syndrome is a forme fruste of a heritable disorder of connective tissue.

PMID- 6830323
TI  - Consequences of synovectomy of the knee joint: clinical, histopathological, and
      enzymatic changes and changes in 2 components of complement.
AB  - The state of 36 knee joints of 32 rheumatic patients was evaluated after surgical
      synovectomy, the follow-up period varying from 2 to 39 months. Synovitis was
      suspected by arthroscopy in 67% and verified histologically in 52%, although in a
      milder form than at the time of synovectomy. The regenerated synovial tissue was
      less permeable to serum proteins and contained lower activities of lysosomal
      enzymes than the excised synovial tissue. Although the number of leucocytes
      decreased in the joint fluid after synovectomy, the activities of lysosomal
      enzymes were lowered only slightly, and there was no change in the amount of C3
      and C4 components of complement pathway.

PMID- 6830328
TI  - Hypertrophic repair of articular cartilage in experimental osteoarthrosis.
AB  - Section of the anterior cruciate ligament has been performed in the knee of 11
      mature dogs. The macroscopically normal cartilage from patella and femoral
      trochlea of animals killed from 2 to 32 weeks after operation was used for
      histological, histomorphometrical, and biochemical analysis. Previously
      undescribed degenerative lesions of the superficial matrix were observed, and
      there was evidence for secondary healing of these lesions. An early and
      progressive decrease in superficial cell density and a later progressive increase
      in cartilage thickness without any change in the cell density of the middle and
      deep cartilage layers was found. A slight increase in water content with no
      reduction in glycosaminoglycan content was observed. The results suggest that
      joint laxity results initially in superficial degenerative changes and later in
      hypertrophic regenerative changes due to cell proliferation and increased matrix
      synthesis. Hypertrophic remodeling of articular cartilage in response to abnormal
      mechanical stresses is postulated.

PMID- 6830327
TI  - Morphological characteristics of monosodium urate: a transmission electron
      microscopic study of intact natural and synthetic crystals.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopic studies of synthetic and natural monosodium
      urate crystals dried on formvar coated grids showed identical internal structures
      in all crystals. At higher magnification the crystals' surface showed angular or
      wavy irregularities, and more rarely some crystals appeared to have other tiny
      crystals on the surface. Protein-like surface coating was not observed except in
      crystals from one asymptomatic patient in whom synovial fluid was loaded with
      monosodium urate crystals, but no inflammatory cells were present. Heated
      synthetic monosodium urate crystals retained the ultrastructural characteristics
      in their interior but they lost their needle or rod-like shape. Transmission
      electron microscopic study of monosodium urate crystals dried on formvar coated
      grids provides a quick method of investigating crystal ultrastructure.

PMID- 6830325
TI  - Prednisolone inhibits phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes via steroid
      receptor mediated events.
AB  - Prednisolone, at concentrations between 2.78 x 10(-6) M (1 mug/ml) and 1.39 x 10(
      8) M (5 x 10(-3) mug/ml) exerts an inhibitory effect on the phagocytosis of latex
      particles by normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro as assessed by
      electron microscopical analysis. This inhibition appears to be receptor-mediated,
      as it is dependent upon RNA and protein synthesis and is glucocorticoid specific.

PMID- 6830329
TI  - Effect of a specific iron chelating agent on animal models of inflammation.
AB  - Iron is an important catalyst of oxidative radical reactions and promotes the
      formation of the hydroxyl radical from the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen
      peroxide. The stimulatory effect of the hydroxyl radical on lipid peroxidation
      prompted the speculation that free iron may directly promote inflammation and
      that iron chelating agents may have useful anti-inflammatory properties. This
      hypothesis is tested in animal models of inflammation with a specific iron
      chelating agent, desferrioxamine. At low doses (6 . 6 mg/kg) intraperitoneal
      desferrioxamine stimulated the induction of acute foot pad swelling in rats by
      monosodium urate but at higher doses (above 200 mg/kg) it suppressed this
      inflammatory reaction. A similar anti-inflammatory effect was observed in
      carrageenan-induced foot pad swelling. In guinea-pigs in which a Glynn-Dumonde
      synovitis was induced with bovine gammaglobulin, desferrioxamine (100 mg/kg)
      stimulated the acute inflammatory induction phase of this chronic allergic
      monoarthritis model. Repeated administration of desferrioxamine (100 mg/kg) from
      the seventh to the twelfth day after intra-articular challenge with bovine
      gammaglobulin markedly depressed the chronic inflammatory phase. In-vitro
      experiments suggest that desferrioxamine inhibits iron-catalysed lipid
      peroxidation when it is poorly saturated with iron, but loses this effect when it
      is iron saturated. Such an effect may explain our results with desferrioxamine in
      the animal studies and suggests that effective iron chelation and its removal may
      modify the inflammatory process in man.

PMID- 6830330
TI  - Thymopoietin and levamisole in chronic granulomatous inflammation.
AB  - Two animal models were used to investigate the mode of action of levamisole and
      thymopoietin. Neither compound influenced the subcutaneous carrageenan air pouch.
      While thymopoietin inhibited the formation of cotton pellet granulomas,
      levamisole enhanced it. This supports the conclusions of clinical studies
      reported elsewhere that levamisole and thymopoietin do not act in the same way in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6830331
TI  - Pachydermoperiostosis: scintigraphic, thermographic, plethysmographic, and
      capillaroscopic observations.
AB  - A unique case of pachydermoperiostosis, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and
      secondary osteoarthritis is described. An additional interesting feature was the
      presence of acroosteolysis of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes.
      Scintigraphic, thermographic, plethysmographic, and capillaroscopic studies
      suggested increased blood flow through clubbed fingers, raising the possibility
      that this may play a role in the pathogenesis of pachydermoperiostosis.

PMID- 6830326
TI  - Concentrations of some antibiotics in synovial fluid after oral administration,
      with special reference to antistaphylococcal activity.
AB  - One of 4 antibiotics with antistaphylococcal activity was given in a conventional
      oral dose for one day to each of 20 hospitalised patients with synovial effusion
      of a knee joint requiring aspiration. Serial synchronous samples of serum and
      synovial fluid (SF) were taken over 36 hours through indwelling cannulae. No
      morbidity was experienced either during or after this procedure. Satisfactory
      antistaphylococcal concentrations in SF were achieved with sodium fusidate (500
      mg 8 hourly) and amoxycillin (250 mg 8 hourly). Cephradine (500 mg 6 hourly)
      frequently failed to reach the minimum inhibitory concentration for
      Staphylococcus aureus in the SF, and flucloxacillin (250 mg 6 hourly) was
      unpredictable in its penetration of the synovial space. Wide interpatient
      variation of both serum and SF concentrations was found. Our results indicate
      that sodium fusidate is an appropriate early treatment for a nonresistant
      staphylococcal joint infection. Amoxycillin is a suitable alternative or second
      antistaphylococcal drug and would also be appropriate initial therapy when the
      infecting organism is unknown. We strongly recommend that SF antibiotic
      concentrations be measured, to ensure adequate penetration of the synovial
      cavity, in the treatment of septic arthritis.

PMID- 6830332
TI  - Experience with 150 liver resections.
AB  - One hundred fifty liver resections were performed with an operative mortality
      rate of 4%. Indications for liver resections were 43 primary liver malignancies,
      43 metastatic liver tumors, and 64 benign liver diseases. The 3-year actuarial
      survival rate after treatment of primary liver malignancy was 56%, and that after
      treatment of metastatic liver tumors was 66%. All but one of 59 patients with
      benign disease who survived operation were alive without development of late
      symptoms or complications.

PMID- 6830334
TI  - Solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. A potentially curable surgical
      lesion.
AB  - Two patients with a recently recognized pancreatic neoplasm are reported. In both
      cases the tumors occurred in young women (21 and 24 years) who presented with an
      abdominal mass. Both tumors were large (approximately 12 x 12 cm), one requiring
      a distal 85% pancreatectomy and the other a total pancreatectomy. Gross
      pathologic examination revealed apparent encapsulation, cystic degeneration, and
      hemorrhagic necrosis. Microscopically, the tumors were characterized by
      distinctive solid and papillary patterns. Such lesions have been reported
      recently in the pathology literature as "solid and papillary" or "papillary
      cystic" neoplasms of the pancreas. Approximately 60 such cases have been reported
      to date. The histogenesis of these lesions is debatable. They may be diagnosed
      incorrectly as adenocarcinomas, islet cell tumors, cystadenomas, or
      cystadenocarcinomas. Assessing the degree of malignancy can be difficult since
      this tumor is capable of local invasion but usually does not metastasize. There
      is only one report of a patient dying from distant metastases. Both patients
      presented here are alive and well seven and 24 months post-surgery. It would
      appear that despite their large size these pancreatic tumors are potentially
      curable by surgical resection.

PMID- 6830336
TI  - The implications of local recurrence of breast cancer as the first site of
      therapeutic failure.
AB  - Sixty patients who had ipsilateral chest wall recurrence of breast cancer and no
      detectable distant metastases were evaluated retrospectively to determine the
      implications of chest wall recurrence as the first site of therapeutic failure.
      Mean time intervals between treatment of the primary breast cancer and discovery
      of local recurrence, between treatment of local recurrence and distant
      metastases, and between treatment of local recurrence and death in order and,
      respectively, in years for pathologic Stages I, II, and III patients were 6.2,
      4.3 and 2.1; 4.2, 3.5, and 1.2; and 7.2, 6.0, and 2.5. Surgical resection
      resulted in the best local control. All patients eventually died of metastatic
      breast cancer, one as late as 23 years after treatment of the local recurrence.
      No Stage I patients recurred before two years. An arbitrary delay of two years
      before recommending breast reconstruction to avoid masking local recurrence seems
      unjustified for pathologic Stage I patients.

PMID- 6830335
TI  - Discontinuous or "skip" metastases in breast carcinoma. Analysis of 1228 axillary
      dissections.
AB  - Patterns of axillary lymph node metastases were analyzed in 1228 recently
      performed modified, radical, and extended radical mastectomies. In these
      specimens the position or level of lymph nodes was designated intraoperatively by
      the surgeon. No lymph node metastases were found in 720 (58) of the specimens
      while the remainder (508 or 41%) had at least one affected lymph node. The
      distribution of involvement by level showed progressive spread from level I to
      III as the number of positive lymph nodes increased. Discontinuous or "skip"
      metastases not following this pattern occurred in 1.6% of all cases and 3% of
      those with lymph node metastases (95% confidence interval, 1-5%). Half of those
      with "skip" metastases had tumor limited to level II. The presence of "skip"
      metastases was not related to the size, location in the breast, or histologic
      type of the primary tumor. It is apparent that the potential risk from "skip"
      metastases is not great and that this should not be a major consideration in
      therapeutic decisions. The risk is likely to be negligible for women treated by
      axillary dissections that include level II.

PMID- 6830337
TI  - Comparison of the effects of Hepatic-Aid and a Casein modular diet on
      encephalopathy, plasma amino acids, and nitrogen balance in cirrhotic patients.
AB  - Hepatic-Aid is purported to ameliorate encephalopathy and promote positive
      nitrogen balance in protein-intolerant, cirrhotic patients by correcting their
      imbalanced amino acid profile. This study evaluated Hepatic-Acid by comparing a
      50-g Casein diet with an identical diet with 20-g Casein/30-g Hepatic-Aid per day
      in a cross-over study. Four patients with biopsy-proven stable cirrhosis,
      encephalopathy, and under-nutrition were studied. Each study period included
      three days of equilibration and eight days of metabolic balance, with the
      following measured at baseline and on balance days 5 and 8: routine biochemistry,
      fasting ammonia, psychometric tests, EEG, and plasma amino acid profiles. There
      was no significant change in clinical status, routine biochemistry, fasting
      ammonia, psychometrics or EEG between the two study periods. Mean (+/-SD)
      nitrogen balance on the Casein diet at 1.5 +/- 1.5 g/day was not significantly
      different from that on the Hepatic-Aid diet at 1.5 +/- 1.2 g/day. Plasma amino
      acid profiles showed a significant fall (p less than 0.05) in fasting and
      intraprandial tyrosine (tyr) and phenylalanine (phe) on Hepatic-Aid, but only
      intraprandial leucine (leu), isoleucine (ile), and valine (val) were
      significantly increased (p less than 0.05) on Hepatic-Aid. The ratio leu + ile +
      val to tyr + phe was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) on Hepatic-Aid.
      It is concluded that Hepatic-Aid, as given in this study, maintains N balance
      similar to Casein, alters the amino acid profile towards normal, but does not
      ameliorate encephalopathy.

PMID- 6830333
TI  - A new concept in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux has been thought to depend on the
      construction of a valve mechanism at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).
      Recently, a silicone prosthesis that does not construct a valve has been
      introduced, and in preliminary studies in the human, shown to be effective in the
      treatment of reflux. A precise mode of action has not been demonstrated for the
      prosthesis. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanics of the
      prosthesis and determine its effectiveness in an animal model. Six canine
      gastroesophageal specimens were excised and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
      simulated by a rubber band placed around the GEJ at a tension calibrated to give
      25 mmHg "sphincter" pressure. Circumferential silk ligatures of varying length
      were then placed on the stomach 3.0 cm distal to the GEJ. With no ligature, the
      LES opening pressure (LESOP) was 8.0 mmHg, varying to 17.0 mmHg with an 8.0 cm
      ligature. Further, 24 adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into four equal
      groups: controls, circular myomectomy of the LES alone, myomectomy combined with
      fundoplication, and myomectomy combined with implantation of the silicone
      antireflux prosthesis. Evaluation included manometry, endoscopy, and histology.
      Although only the normal sphincter and fundoplication responded physiologically,
      the prosthesis was just as effective in preventing reflux, as evidenced by
      reducing acid exposure time of myomectomized dogs from 35.4% to 1.8%, and by
      preventing endoscopic esophagitis. It was concluded that the silicone antireflux
      prosthesis acts in the same fashion as the ligature in the model, by interrupting
      distraction of the LES by gastric wall tension. This concept is an effective
      method for raising LESOP, treating experimental gastroesophageal reflux, and
      eliminating the sequelae of reflux. Long-term evaluations of the prosthesis are
      required.

PMID- 6830342
TI  - Sexual dysfunction following proctocolectomy for benign disease of the colon and
      rectum.
AB  - Standard surgical therapy for the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis is
      total extirpation of the colon and rectum. Since ulcerative colitis is primarily
      a disease of young adults affecting many people at the inception or height of
      their sexually active years, postoperative sexual dysfunction is an extremely
      disconcerting complication. Between July 1973 and May 1981, 291 proctectomies for
      benign disease of the colon and rectum were performed by the authors. This
      included 135 men and 156 women. Resection of the rectum was performed using an
      intrasphincteric technique with dissection kept extremely close to the wall of
      the rectosigmoid, rectum, and anus. Proctectomy was performed in this manner to
      prevent significant disruption of the nerves carrying stimuli to the genital
      organs. Of the 135 males undergoing a proctectomy, four (3%) had a permanent
      deficit in sexual function. Two men, aged 32 and 30, could sustain an erection
      but had retrograde ejaculation. Two patients, age 19 and 44, have remained
      impotent for 1 1/2 and two years, respectively. One hundred fifty-two of the 156
      females are sexually active and only two (1.3%) have complained of any physical
      sexual dysfunction. Each had temporary dyspareunia lasting between nine months
      and one year after operation.

PMID- 6830341
TI  - Renal artery aneurysms. Natural history and prognosis.
AB  - Eighty-three patients out of 8,525 undergoing renal angiography during the years
      1970-1979 were found to have renal artery aneurysm, which in six patients were
      bilateral and in 11 multiple. This corresponds to an incidence of almost 1% in
      this group of patients. Sixty-nine patients were treated conservatively and
      followed for a mean of 4.3 years. At that time nine patients had died. The cause
      of death was in no case related to the aneurysm. None of the 60 living patients
      had symptoms which could be related to the aneurysm. Reports of 36,656 autopsies,
      including most of the sudden deaths occurring in southern Sweden during a ten
      year period, were analyzed. Nineteen cases of ruptured arterial aneurysms in the
      branches of abdominal aorta were found, but in no case were the renal arteries
      involved. It is concluded that the risk for rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is
      extremely small. The indications to operate renal artery aneurysms are discussed.

PMID- 6830339
TI  - Use of a transcutaneous PO2 regional perfusion index to quantify tissue perfusion
      in peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - In order to develop transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) measurements into a
      practical method for assessing peripheral vascular disease, the relationships
      between extremity and chest wall PtcO2 were examined in subjects with and without
      systemic atherosclerotic disease. The ratio of extremity to chest PtcO2, or
      transcutaneous regional perfusion index (RPI) assessed limb oxygenation more
      reliably than did direct PtcO2 measurement by obviating the effects of changes in
      systemic oxygen delivery upon local PtcO2. The authors find that transcutaneous
      oximetry can be used during treadmill exercise testing and that the RPI is
      unchanged by exercise in all normal subjects. PtcO2 and RPI were then measured
      during rest, position change, and exercise testing in patients with intermittent
      claudication. Whereas normal subjects maintain a constant thigh and calf RPI
      during exercise, patients with intermittent claudication consistently manifested
      large decreases in RPI in these areas when they were exercised until symptomatic.
      The authors find no overlap between the responses of normal subjects and patients
      with claudication; positive findings are, therefore, highly specific for exercise
      induced limb ischemia. Since transcutaneous RPI exercise testing is easily
      performed and highly reproducible, it is well suited to clinical use in the
      diagnosis and documentation of intermittent claudication. Furthermore, since limb
      ischemia can be quantified, this method lends itself both to grading the severity
      of disease and to evaluating clinical progression of disease. It is suggested
      that such a quantitative approach to evaluation of intermittent claudication may
      allow refinement and extension of the indications for operative intervention in
      patients with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6830340
TI  - Modified technique of obturator bypass in failed or infected grafts.
AB  - The obturator bypass graft operation can be performed in a moderately simplified
      manner by a technique that allows extension of indications for the procedure
      beyond situations in which sepsis is present in the groin. Long-term analysis of
      the results of the cases available for study indicates that the procedure may
      very well be a permanent reconstruction, and that graft failure results from
      graft infection or insufficient distal runoff, as in other distal
      revascularization procedures. No significant change in ankle pressure is noted
      when the hip is placed in maximum flexion position.

PMID- 6830343
TI  - Clinical significance of mucosal inflammation of the vermiform appendix.
AB  - In 942 emergency appendectomies, the clinical data of 77 patients with
      inflammatory changes confined to the mucosa of the vermiform appendix were
      compared with data from 622 patients with diffuse acute appendicitis and 243
      patients without evidence of inflammation in the appendix. In all cases, routine
      histologic sections of the specimens were reviewed. Of the 77 patients with
      mucosal appendiceal inflammation, 50 were female and 50% were under 17 years of
      age. In several clinical aspects, such as incidence of nausea, vomiting,
      migration of pain, and localized muscular rigidity, there existed significant
      differences between patients with mucosal inflammation and patients with diffuse
      appendicitis. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were found
      between patients with mucosal inflammation and patients without evident
      appendiceal inflammation. These results in addition to the frequent finding of
      histologically indistinguishable changes in appendices removed incidentally
      suggest that the condition is not responsible for the actual complaint.

PMID- 6830338
TI  - Plasma fibronectin and associated variables in surgical intensive care patients.
AB  - An acute depletion of plasma fibronectin or FN has been observed in critically
      ill, surgical, or trauma patients, but there is little information on the
      relationships between FN levels and the final outcome in such cases, and on the
      simultaneous behaviour of other serum proteins. The daily values of FN,
      antithrombin III, IgG, C3, prealbumin, and transferrin were monitored in 98
      intensive care patients after major elective surgery or trauma. According to
      their clinical course, they were divided retrospectively into three groups. Group
      A (33 patients) had sepsis. Group B (31 patients) had nonseptic complications,
      and group C (34 patients) had no complications in the ICU. The individual, nadir
      levels of FN, AT III, prealbumin, and transferrin were lower (p less than 0.01)
      in the septic group A than in B and C. Within the septic group, the nadir levels
      of AT III, but not those of FN, were lower (p less than 0.01) in the 14
      nonsurvivors than in the 19 survivors. The FN and AT III levels had returned at
      least temporarily to the normal range in the six ultimate fatalities from sepsis
      who survived for more than two weeks. In the septic group, transferrin showed the
      highest percentages of actually subnormal levels and differed from FN in this
      respect with p less than 0.05. Furthermore, all six proteins showed a significant
      overall pattern (p less than 0.01) of parallel variations. The results confirm
      other reports on the behavior of fibronectin in septic patients as a group, but
      it was not informative as to the individual outcome, and its reduction might be
      viewed as part of a general plasma protein depletion associated with acute septic
      disease. This pattern is probably attributable to a combination of intravascular
      consumption and an overall excess of protein catabolism over synthesis.

PMID- 6830345
TI  - Long-term results of surgical treatment for Crohn's disease of the duodenum.
AB  - To assess the long-term results of surgery for duodenal Crohn's disease, 11
      patients, ten surgically treated, have been followed an average of 13.9 years to
      assess 1) the need for further treatment of duodenal disease; 2) the activity of
      Crohn's disease in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract; and 3) their
      functional status based on the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Follow-up
      indicates that seven patients have required a total of ten further operations
      directly related to duodenal Crohn's disease. The indications for subsequent
      operations were 1) marginal ulceration; 2) obstruction at or in one limb of the
      gastrojejunostomy due to recurrent jejunal Crohn's disease or stricturing at the
      gastrojejunostomy; and 3) duodenal fistula. Eight of these 11 patients also
      required surgery for Crohn's disease in other areas of the gastrointestinal
      tract. Despite a high reoperative rate for Crohn's disease in both the duodenum
      and other areas of the gastrointestinal tract, functional results, as tested by
      the KPS, can be satisfactory if appropriate reoperative surgery is done.

PMID- 6830346
TI  - Management of perforated appendicitis in children. The controversy continues.
AB  - A specific treatment plan for management of perforated appendix in children,
      initiated at the Children's Hospitals in Boston, and later utilized at the Child
      Health Center in Galveston, has been applied to 143 patients by many surgical
      housestaff and faculty. The protocol consists of appendectomy, routine use of
      systemic gentamicin, ampicillin and clindamycin, antibiotic peritoneal
      irrigation, and transperitoneal drainage through the incision. The average age of
      the children in this series was 9.1 years (range 14 months to 21 years). The
      average length of hospitalization was 12.1 days. The use of this protocol
      resulted in only 11 patients (7.7%) developing significant complications.
      Complications related to infection occurred in only six of the eleven patients
      (4.2%). There were no deaths. This protocol of intensive primary therapy can
      significantly decrease the sequelae from perforated appendicitis in children.

PMID- 6830344
TI  - Anatomical variations in hiatal and upper gastric areas and their relationship to
      difficulties experienced in operations for reflux esophagitis.
AB  - We have seen a number of patients whose initial operations for reflux esophagitis
      or hiatal hernia or both have failed. During the course of reoperation, the
      authors have been impressed that anatomic variation contributed to these
      failures. Therefore, a formal anatomic study was undertaken in 36 fresh cadavers
      without hiatal hernias or factors pertinent to operative maneuvers. The data from
      this study suggest that 1) mobilization of the left lobe of the liver is
      difficult in 30% of normal specimens; 2) the hiatal crura are very thin in early
      half of the specimens; 3) a "tethering ligament" (the gastrolienal ligament)
      between fundus and superior pole of the spleen is present in half of the
      specimens, but there is ample space (7-8 cm) "above" the highest short gastric
      artery; 4) the angle of His is highly variable in normal subjects; 5) the bare
      area of the stomach requires deliberate exposure and division in more than half
      of the subjects to obtain a wrap without tension; 6) the posterior gastric
      vessels can be a hazard in such mobilization. Attention to these matters should
      enhance the safety and success of transabdominal operation for reflux
      esophagitis.

PMID- 6830347
TI  - Correlation between gallbladder size and release of cholecystokinin after oral
      magnesium sulfate in man.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of oral magnesium sulfate on gallbladder
      contraction and release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in man, magnesium sulfate (25 g
      in 100 ml distilled water) was given by mouth to five fasting adult male
      volunteers. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of CCK by a specific
      radioimmunoassay. Gallbladder volumes were determined from sonograms obtained
      from a phased-array real-time ultrasound scanner. Basal concentrations of CCK
      (82.2 +/- 10.1 pg/ml) increased significantly at 20 minutes after oral magnesium
      sulfate (113.8 +/- 7.1 pg/ml), and reached a maximal value at 50 minutes (150.0
      +/- 42.0 pg/ml). The mean basal volume of the gallbladder was 30.8 +/- 5.3 cm(3)
      and maximum reduction of gallbladder volume (to one third of original) was
      achieved at 50 minutes after ingestion of magnesium sulfate. Linear regression
      analysis showed a close correlation (r = -0.9337) between plasma concentrations
      of CCK and gallbladder size in response to magnesium sulfate. Oral magnesium
      sulfate also caused a significant increase in serum gastrin (from basal of 51.4
      +/- 9.9 pg/ml to 69.8 +/- 15.5 pg/ml at 5 min); there was no significant
      correlation between gastrin release and gallbladder contraction. This study
      provides direct evidence that the mechanism of magnesium sulfate-stimulated
      gallbladder contraction occurs through the release of CCK, and shows a close
      correlation between CCK release and contraction of the gallbladder.

PMID- 6830350
TI  - Intramuscular pressure in the lower leg in deep vein thrombosis and phlegmasia
      cerulae dolens.
AB  - The influence of deep vein thrombosis on intramuscular pressure was evaluated in
      22 patients by means of the wick technique. Intramuscular pressure was measured
      in the anterior tibial and the deep posterior compartments in both legs before
      and during treatment. The intramuscular pressure was significantly (p less than
      0.001) higher in the thrombosed leg than in the contralateral leg (0-16 mmHg).
      The increase in intramuscular pressure was related to the extension of the
      thrombus. Iliofemoral thrombosis caused a significantly (p less than 0.001)
      higher pressure (17-28 mmHg) than calf thrombosis (16-23 mmHg). A compartment
      syndrome was found to be a part of the entity phlegmasia cerulea dolens (rest
      pressure 47-56 mmHg). In the treatment of phlegmasia cerulea dolens, fasciotomy
      is suggested additional to other therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 6830351
TI  - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava.
AB  - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC) is a rare clinical
      entity. The incidence is higher in Japan and Africa than that in USA and Europe.
      MOVC is considered to be different from the Budd-Chiari syndrome. There are
      differences in clinical manifestation and pathologic changes in the liver.
      Findings of the liver revealed cirrhosis in all patients but in one. Ascites and
      esophageal varices could be observed in 79% and in 58% of the patients,
      respectively. According to Sugiura's classification, they consisted of Type Ia in
      63%, Type Ib in 11%, Type II in 11%, and Type III in 16%. Portopulmonary shunt by
      splenopneumopexy was successfully performed on 19 patients with MOVC in this
      clinic, of which diagnosis was established by cavography.

PMID- 6830348
TI  - Therapeutic and diagnostic colonoscopy in nonobstructive colonic dilatation.
AB  - Cecal perforation has been well established as a consequence of mechanical
      obstruction of the distal colon and has been estimated to occur in 1.5% to 7% of
      patients with colon obstruction. Perforation of the cecum also occurs in cases of
      nonobstructive colonic dilatation (NCD). Although the incidence is unknown, the
      mortality rate is nearly 50%. Over an eight-year period, 44 patients (mean age 59
      years) underwent 52 colonoscopic examinations for presumed NCD. Twelve patients
      (27%) developed NCD while convalescing from a recent operation and 29 patients
      (66%) had major systemic disorders that preceded the development of NCD. Medical
      treatment for an average of 2.6 days was uniformly unsuccessful. Mean cecal
      diameter prior to colonoscopy was 12.8 cm (range 9.5 to 17 cm). Based on
      radiographic or clinical criteria, 38 patients (86%) were successfully
      decompressed on the initial colonoscopic examination; mean cecal diameter
      decreased to 8.7 cm (p less than 0.01). Perforation of the cecum during
      colonsocopy occurred in one patient (2%) who survived. Fourteen patients died;
      six deaths were attributed solely to the patient's who underwent operation. In
      summary, colonoscopy is a safe and effective therapeutic and diagnostic tool in
      cases of massive cecal dilatation. It should be considered before cecostomy in
      patients without radiographic evidence of pneumoperitoneum or clinical signs of
      peritoneal irritation.

PMID- 6830349
TI  - Milk alkali syndrome. Does it exist and can it be differentiated from primary
      hyperparathyroidism?
AB  - Four patients with milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) presented with many of the
      characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism including hypercalcemia, low or
      normal serum phosphorus levels, normal or increased urinary calcium levels, and
      inappropriately high or elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels. These
      laboratory findings differ from those classically described in MAS, i.e.,
      hypercalcemia without hypercalciuria and a normal or high plasma phosphate level.
      Because the serum calcium level failed to return to normal after two weeks of
      hydration and a low calcium diet, and because of the inability to distinguish
      this syndrome from primary hyperparathyroidism, two of the four patients
      underwent neck exploration. Four normal parathyroid glands were histologically
      proven in each, and at autopsy in a third patient, there was no evidence of
      parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma. Hypercalcemia eventually resolved in all
      patients with a low-calcium diet for as long as six months. Of the several
      features of MAS, hypercalcemia, alkalosis in the presence of azotemia, a history
      of increased calcium and alkali intake, and a response to dietary calcium
      restriction are helpful in differentiating this syndrome from primary
      hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory tests in patients with MAS may be confusing and
      the return to normocalcemia in response to a calcium deficient diet may be
      delayed.

PMID- 6830353
TI  - Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain.
AB  - In an effort to develop referral criteria for the ordering of abdominal
      radiographs for patients presenting with abdominal symptoms, we prospectively
      studied the relation between clinical data and radiographic abnormalities. Of
      1780 examinations, 179 (10.0%) showed some radiographic abnormality. If abdominal
      radiographs would have been limited to those patients who had moderate or severe
      abdominal tenderness, or to patients with a high clinical suspicion of bowel
      obstruction, renal or ureteral calculi, trauma, ischemia, or gallbladder disease,
      regardless of the degree of tenderness, 956 (53.7%) examinations would not have
      been done. All radiographic abnormalities reflecting a serious pathologic process
      would have been identified. Only 33 (3.5%) abnormalities of limited significance,
      almost all localized or generalized ileus, would have been undetected. The
      adoption of these referral criteria would result in minimal loss of clinically
      useful information, large financial savings, and a reduction in radiation
      exposure.

PMID- 6830352
TI  - The effects of thoracic aortic cross-clamping and declamping on visceral organ
      blood flow.
AB  - Blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres in 11 macaque monkeys 1)
      before hemorrhage shock, 2) after onset of shock, 3) after aortic cross-clamping
      and resuscitation, and 4) after release of the cross-clamp and stabilization.
      Hemodynamic parameters (cardiac output, arterial, right atrial and left atrial
      pressure) and blood gases were also monitored. Total abdominal organ flow fell
      with hemorrhage and fell further with aortic clamping. Reinfusion of shed volume
      did not restore abdominal organ flow (4.7% baselines) but increased LAP and
      cardiac output to the upper body. Release of the cross-clamp produced profound
      acidosis that was treated effectively with NcHCO3. After stabilization of blood,
      flow to kidney remained low (49% baseline) although intestinal flow was increased
      threefold (320% of baseline). It is clear that thoracic aortic cross-clamping in
      shock further compromises already reduced visceral blood flow and may contribute
      to the problem of ischemic multiple organ failure after resuscitation from
      hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 6830356
TI  - Graft replacement of the thoracic aorta with a sutureless technique.
AB  - A sutureless intraluminal graft requiring only ligature fixation was used for
      replacement of the thoracic aorta in 8 patients. The graft was deployed in the
      ascending and descending thoracic aorta as well as in the arch. It was used for
      aortic dissection and atherosclerotic aneurysms. Insertion was easy and
      relatively quick. Fixation was secure and without serious complications. Seven of
      the 8 patients became long-term survivors.

PMID- 6830354
TI  - Direct measurement of wound and tissue oxygen tension in postoperative patients.
AB  - An implanted Silastic catheter technique was used to measure partial pressure of
      oxygen in mastectomy wounds and needle-induced wounds in the subcutaneous tissue
      of the arms of 33 postoperative patients to assess tissue-wound oxygenation and
      perfusion on the day of operation and daily through postoperative day five.
      Characteristic patterns were observed. Wound hypoxia was common and most
      pronounced after abdominal, vascular, and cardiac procedures. It was most severe
      immediately after operation. Tissue hypoxia was not easily detected by clinical
      evaluation and was unknowingly tolerated by experienced surgeons. The
      relationship between arterial and tissue PO2 is biphasic and presumably
      curvilinear at the lower range of PaO2 and rises linearly even above the point of
      full saturation of hemoglobin. Supplemental bolus fluid infusion elevated
      depressed tissue PO2 in 19 out of 19 measurements, implicating hypovolemia as a
      common cause of postoperative tissue hypoxia. Measurements of tissue oxygen
      tension, coupled with a single arterial oxygen determination, constitute a
      clinically useful means of monitoring tissue perfusion.

PMID- 6830355
TI  - The coexistence of renal artery stenosis and pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The coexistence of renal artery stenosis and pheochromocytoma has been recognized
      since 1958 and a total of 36 patients reported. This article provides an
      additional patient with an extra adrenal pheochromocytoma and fibrous bands
      constricting the left renal artery. Hypertension was confirmed to occur from both
      excess catecholamine production and hyperreninemia from the left kidney. Surgical
      removal of the functioning paraganglioma and correction of the renal artery
      stenosis restored the postoperative plasma catecholamine, renin, and blood
      pressure to normal. A literature review confirmed the coexistence of these two
      lesions but failed to provide a common etiology to explain the pathophysiology
      encountered. However, when the two diseases occur simultaneously, both must be
      diagnosed accurately and treated in a definitive manner.

PMID- 6830357
TI  - Internal temporary aortic shunt for managing lesions of the descending thoracic
      aorta.
AB  - An intraaortic shunt was used to maintain distal organ perfusion during
      experimental descending aortic cross-clamping and graft interposition in the
      descending aorta. None of the dogs in which this form of shunt was employed
      developed paraplegia, whereas 60% of the dogs in which no adjunct was used during
      aortic cross-clamping became paraplegic.

PMID- 6830358
TI  - Surgical treatment of papillary muscle rupture.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1979, 16 patients underwent mitral valve replacement for
      papillary muscle rupture after infarction. Nine of these patients were operated
      on within 3 days of papillary muscle rupture. Eight patients had low cardiac
      output syndrome prior to operation. Six patients had concomitant coronary artery
      bypass, and 1 patient had resection of an associated left ventricular aneurysm.
      There were 3 operative deaths (19% mortality). Surviving patients have been
      followed for a total of 49 patient-years. There have been 2 late deaths, each a
      result of coronary artery disease. Six of the 11 surviving patients are
      asymptomatic; the others are in New York Heart Association Functional Class II or
      III. The actuarial 5-year survival was 75%. These data support the concept that
      an aggressive attitude should be taken toward early diagnosis and surgical
      treatment of postinfarction papillary muscle rupture.

PMID- 6830361
TI  - Bioprosthetic valve endocarditis: indicators for surgical intervention.

PMID- 6830360
TI  - Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine and bovine xenograft valves in
      young children.
AB  - Eight children (mean age, 7.6 years) had xenograft prosthetic valves inserted.
      All developed evidence of prosthetic valve obstruction requiring reoperation 18
      to 55 months after insertion (mean, 32 months). At operation, all the valves were
      found to be heavily calcified. There were two perioperative deaths. Of two
      patients who had a second xenograft valve inserted, one died suddenly 12 months
      later. Gross calcification of the xenograft was found at postmortem examination.
      The other patient had evidence of mild xenograft calcification at follow-up 19
      months postoperatively. Four of the ten calcified xenograft valves were of bovine
      origin (Ionescu-Shiley type); in these the calcific obstruction occurred
      significantly earlier than in the six porcine (Hancock) valves.

PMID- 6830359
TI  - Thrombotic catastrophe in the patient with multiple Bjork-Shiley prostheses.
AB  - Thrombosis of the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis has been a recognized problem for many
      years. Review of 172 patients at the University of Kentucky Medical Center who
      had one or more Bjork-Shiley valves inserted between January, 1975, and July,
      1980, revealed special problems in those patients with multiple prostheses.
      Diagnosis and therapy prove more difficult, and the cumulative incidence of
      thrombosis in the patients with multiple prostheses is 26.8% at six years.
      Projected long-term use of multiple Bjork-Shiley prostheses is discouraged.

PMID- 6830363
TI  - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cardioplegic rearrest in the pig.
AB  - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of two consecutive 1-hour periods of
      cardioplegic arrest with a 20-minute interval of reperfusion or cardioplegic
      rearrest were evaluated in pig hearts. This model was designed to recreate in the
      laboratory a situation occasionally encountered during open-heart operation.
      Results indicate that at the end of 40 minutes of reperfusion following
      cardioplegic rearrest and 20 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the
      stores of glycogen, adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides were
      lower than those found in hearts beating under CPB for an identical period of
      time. These stores were, however, sufficient to permit hemodynamic recovery, and
      they compared favorably with those found in hearts subjected to a single hour of
      cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. The laboratory data and our previous
      clinical experience suggest that cardioplegic rearrest is a feasible alternative
      when surgical difficulties demand a second period of aortic cross-clamping after
      an initial period of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion.

PMID- 6830362
TI  - Relationship of triglyceride levels to thrombosis in patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The relationship of triglyceride levels to coagulation abnormalities was studied
      in 43 patients, who were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of patients
      with triglyceride levels less than 200 mg% (range, 75 to 190 mg%), and Group 2
      consisted of patients with triglyceride levels greater than 250 mg% (range, 255
      to 890 mg%). Analysis of the data revealed that patients with high triglyceride
      levels also have a high incidence of low antithrombin III activity and increased
      platelet aggregation. It is likely that hyperlipidemic patients are more prone to
      thrombosis of diseased coronary arteries or saphenous vein bypass grafts, and
      should definitely be placed on appropriate anticoagulants.

PMID- 6830364
TI  - Operative results in patients with pseudotruncus arteriosus.
AB  - Total repair was carried out in 18 patients with pseudotruncus arteriosus. Age at
      the time of operation ranged from 1 to 25 years and averaged 9 years. Operative
      methods were transannular patch reconstruction for the relief of pulmonary
      atresia in 4 patients (no deaths) and reconstruction with a valved external
      conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries in 14 patients (5
      deaths). The overall operative mortality was 28%. An average cross-sectional area
      of the right and left pulmonary arteries (PA area) was calculated using
      angiograms and compared with the cross-sectional area of the normal right
      pulmonary artery (N-rPA area) in all patients. The PA area ranged from 0.06 to
      2.60 cm2 and averaged 1.02 cm2; the PA area/N-rPA area ratio ranged from 0.03 to
      1.05, with an average of 0.54. Three patients who died of hypoplastic right and
      left pulmonary arteries had a PA area/N-rPA area ratio less than 0.20. These
      patients had a right-to-left ventricular peak systolic pressure ratio (pRV/LV)
      greater than 1.0 after total repair. Fifteen patients had a PA area/N-rPA area
      ratio greater than 0.20, and 13 survived corrective procedures. One patient died
      of lung edema, which was due to failure to ligate the large bronchial collateral
      artery properly, and the other died of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease.
      Our results show that a PA area/N-rPA area ratio greater than 0.20 is a necessity
      in performing total repair of pseudotruncus arteriosus.

PMID- 6830366
TI  - Successful treatment of an infected right ventricular to pulmonary artery
      conduit.

PMID- 6830365
TI  - Surgical management of 56 patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas.
AB  - Over a 25-year period, 58 patients underwent evaluation or surgical treatment of
      coronary artery fistulas, or both, at our institution. Twenty-one patients had
      major associated cardiac defects, either congenital or acquired, and 9 had
      multiple fistulas. Fistulas to the left heart were unusual. Exertional angina and
      dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms, but most young patients were
      asymptomatic. Seventy percent had audible heart murmurs. No operative deaths
      occurred in patients with isolated fistulas. Coronary artery fistulas cause
      symptoms due to "coronary steal" with resulting myocardial ischemia and, more
      rarely, marked left-to-right or left-to-left shunting. Definitive surgical
      correction is safe and effective, with good long-term results.

PMID- 6830367
TI  - Bilateral simultaneous lung lavage utilizing membrane oxygenator for pulmonary
      alveolar proteinosis in an 8-month-old infant.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis can result in severe hypoxemia. Treatment of
      symptomatic patients using unilateral or lobar staged lung lavage often results
      in improved oxygenation and functional capacity. Lung lavage is technically
      difficult in infants and small children because of inability to ventilate part of
      the lung safely and adequately during lavage of other areas. We used
      extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to facilitate adequate gas exchange during
      lung lavage for severe respiratory failure in a 3.7 kg, 8-month-old child with
      pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Oxygenation was markedly improved immediately
      following the procedure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation permits satisfactory
      respiratory support in the setting of severe respiratory failure and should be
      considered an adjunct for treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis when lung
      lavage cannot be otherwise safely accomplished.

PMID- 6830368
TI  - Costal chondritis: the costal arch.
AB  - Infections of the costal cartilages lead to serious sequelae. This report deals
      with the diagnosis of such infections, proposed treatment, and an illustrative
      case history from our experience. Previous therapeutic regimens advocated
      excision of the entire costal cartilage if any portion was infected. In cases
      where the infection is confined to cartilages not involving the costal arch, this
      is an effective therapy. However, in infections of the costal arch, complete
      removal leads to gross deformity, loss of skeletal protection of the heart and
      liver, and chest wall instability with serious respiratory failure. Segmental
      cartilaginous resection followed by a period of healing and subsequent
      debridement of only the infected and necrotic cartilage is the preferred method
      for treatment of infection involving the costal arch.

PMID- 6830369
TI  - Diagnosis of aortic dissection by computed tomography.

PMID- 6830371
TI  - Venous return after cross-clamping.

PMID- 6830370
TI  - Massive endobronchial hemorrhage during cardiopulmonary bypass: treatable
      complication of balloon-tipped catheter damage to the pulmonary artery.
AB  - Massive endobronchial hemorrhage due to balloon-tipped catheter rupture of a
      branch of the pulmonary artery in a fully heparinized patient undergoing
      cardiopulmonary bypass is potentially lethal. Death occurs due to asphyxiation.
      Endobronchial intubation (double-lumen endotracheal tube) appears to be a simple
      and effective method for control of the airway and tamponade of the bleeding
      site, which allows for completion of the surgical procedure until protamine
      sulphate reversal can be achieved.

PMID- 6830373
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of esophagus.

PMID- 6830372
TI  - Polypropylene suture fracture.

PMID- 6830376
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6830374
TI  - Cell saver.

PMID- 6830377
TI  - Respiratory care. assessing the benefits.

PMID- 6830375
TI  - 'Sausage poisoning' revisited.

PMID- 6830378
TI  - Serial pulmonary function in patients with acute heart failure.
AB  - This study delineates the effects of congestive heart failure on routine
      pulmonary function tests and assesses the changes in pulmonary function as
      congestive heart failure was treated. Twenty-eight patients had spirometry, lung
      volumes, and diffusing capacity measurements initially and at frequent intervals
      after their initial hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Initially the
      patients had both obstructive (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], 48.2%
      +/- 13% predicted) and restrictive (mean forced vital capacity [FVC], 5.6% +/-
      15.7% predicted) ventilatory dysfunction, but a normal carbon monoxide diffusing
      capacity. With treatment, pulmonary function rapidly improved initially and there
      was no further significant improvements in the mean pulmonary function after two
      weeks of treatment. However, there was marked interindividual variability and
      several patients took months to reach their best level of pulmonary function.
      Even with treatment, the patients retained evidence of obstructive ventilatory
      dysfunction and at the time of their best spirometry 53% (8/15) of nonsmokers
      still had an abnormally low FEV1/FVC ratio.

PMID- 6830379
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1. A rapid assay for ischemic myocardial disease.
AB  - A rapid immunochemical method (Isomune-LD) for the determination of lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD1) activity in serum was investigated, and the
      sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined for the diagnosis of a
      myocardial infarction (MI). Multiple serum samples were obtained (on admission
      and at 12, 24, and 48 hours) from 85 patients (30 with proven MI and 55 without
      MI). The sensitivity of LD1 on admission and at 12, 24, and 48 hours was 43%,
      84%, 96%, and 100%, respectively, and the specificity at these same time
      intervals was 95%, 100%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. Thus, the determination of
      LD1 by this rapid immunochemical method appears to allow a rapid laboratory
      evaluation of MI with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 6830381
TI  - Early and late pulmonary complications of botulism.
AB  - Pulmonary complications of botulism were studied in an outbreak of 34 cases of
      type A botulism in New Mexico in 1978. Hospital record review, standardized
      questionnaires, and pulmonary function tests were used to define pulmonary
      complications during the acute illness and the patient's status one year later.
      Pulmonary involvement was documented in 81% of patients. Ventilatory failure
      occurred in 11, aspiration pneumonia in nine, and death in two patients.
      Difficulties in the diagnosis of ventilatory insufficiency were identified. At
      one year, most patients had residual symptoms, including easy fatigability in 68%
      and exertional dyspnea in 46%. However, only minor pulmonary function
      abnormalities were present. This study confirms the generally favorable prognosis
      of botulism and provides clinical guidance for the diagnosis and management of
      pulmonary complications in botulism.

PMID- 6830380
TI  - Exogenous hyperthyroidism with osteoporosis.
AB  - Symptomatic osteopenia accompanied by subclinical hyperthyroidism developed in
      three women who were receiving excess thyroid hormone medication. Excessive
      thyroid replacement therapy resulted in mild hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia,
      and hyperphosphatasemia associated with diffuse skeletal demineralization and
      multiple fractures. Nondecalcified sections of double tetracycline-labeled iliac
      crest bone showed an accelerated rate of bone turnover with marked osteoclastosis
      and resorption of the cortical as well as the trabecular bone, typical of
      endogenous hyperthyroidism. Since thyroid hormones are among the most frequently
      prescribed medications, bone loss caused by exogenous hyperthyroidism may be more
      common than previously recognized.

PMID- 6830382
TI  - Bowel-bypass syndrome without bowel bypass. Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis
      syndrome.
AB  - A recurrent, episodic illness that occurs in as many as 20% of patients who
      undergo ileojejunal bypass surgery for morbid obesity has been well characterized
      and includes inflammatory cutaneous lesions with a histologic appearance like
      that of neutrophilic vasculitis, a nondeforming polyarthritis, and other systemic
      manifestations. Current concepts of pathogenesis center on overgrowth of
      bacterial flora in the bypassed bowel segment with subsequent development of a
      circulating immune complex disease. We report, for the first time to our
      knowledge, an identical clinicopathologic syndrome in four patients who have not
      had jejunoileal bypass surgery. Each patient, however, had other gastrointestinal
      disease that we believe predisposed to this syndrome, possibly via circulating
      immune complexes with bowel-associated antigens. We propose the expanded term,
      bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, to incorporate these new cases.
      We believe that this is not a rare syndrome and that it is easily distinguishable
      from other types of cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.

PMID- 6830383
TI  - Nonreducible rotational head tilt and atlantoaxial lateral mass collapse.
      Clinical and roentgenographic features in patients with juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Nonreducible rotational head tilt resulting from predominantly unilateral
      collapse of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1) and/or axis (C2) has been
      characterized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. An identical phenomenon is
      reported in five patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and in six
      with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Most patients had neck pain and crepitus, all
      had a fixed head tilt deformity, and most also had a rotational deformity.
      Roentgenographically, all had predominantly unilateral collapse of the lateral
      masses of C1 and/or C2, and the head always tilted toward the most collapsed
      side. The patients with JRA had polyarticular disease of long duration and
      generally mild neck symptoms, with only one requiring neck surgery for pain. The
      patients with AS tended to have proximal peripheral joint involvement and long
      standing disease with more severe neck symptoms; four underwent posterior
      cervical fusion for intractable pain. None of the 11 patients had demonstrable
      neurologic deficits.

PMID- 6830384
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis. Clinical features and outcome in 13 patients.
AB  - Thirteen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were seen over 10.5 years. The
      clinical features resembled those in previously reported series, except for the
      increased frequency of inflammatory arthritis, which was a prominent early
      feature in ten patients (77%). Four (31%) of the 13 had fulminant vasculitis and
      died before receiving an adequate course of cytotoxic drug therapy. Two of these
      four had a pulmonary-renal syndrome that mimicked Goodpasture's syndrome. All of
      the remaining nine patients (69%) achieved an initial remission with cytotoxic
      agents (azathioprine or cyclophosphamide), but four died in less than one year
      with no evidence of vasculitis at autopsy. The 56% survival rate to one year in
      these nine patients contrasts with an 86% to 100% survival in other series.
      Chronic renal failure was a prominent sequela in those who survived one year.

PMID- 6830385
TI  - The accuracy and significance of medical testing.

PMID- 6830386
TI  - A 'functional murmur' and stroke in a young adult.

PMID- 6830387
TI  - Pathophysiology of pain.

PMID- 6830389
TI  - Right middle lobe syndrome due to an endobronchial angiofibroma. A case report.

PMID- 6830390
TI  - Spontaneous mediastinal hemorrhage. A complication of intracoronary streptokinase
      infusion for coronary thrombosis.
AB  - A 72-year-old man with a recent inferior-wall myocardial infarction complicated
      by continued ischemic cardiac pain underwent an intracoronary streptokinase
      infusion in an attempt to re-establish coronary perfusion. Although the cardiac
      catheterization and streptokinase infusion were technically uncomplicated, signs
      of an enlarging mediastinal mass associated with a drop in the hematocrit reading
      developed in the patient 12 hours after the procedure. Aortography showed no
      evidence of aortic dissection or laceration. The patient was believed to have a
      spontaneous mediastinal hemorrhage related to streptokinase infusion.

PMID- 6830388
TI  - A fatal case of theophylline intoxication.
AB  - A fatal case of theophylline intoxication is presented in which a number of
      factors leading to a decrease in theophylline clearance and the patient's death
      were possibly operative. These included advanced age, chronic lung disease, liver
      disease, and administration of cimetidine. Since early symptoms of the toxic
      effects of theophylline can mimic peptic ulcer disease, cimetidine might be
      prescribed for the gastrointestinal symptoms with subsequent worsening of
      theophylline poisoning. Theophylline plasma concentration should be determined
      whenever drugs affecting theophylline clearance are administered simultaneously.

PMID- 6830391
TI  - Factitious hemoptysis. The case of the red towel.

PMID- 6830392
TI  - Recklinghausen's disease. Occurrence with intrathoracic vagal neurofibroma and
      contralateral spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 6830393
TI  - Inflammatory bronchial polyps associated with asthma.
AB  - We report a case of inflammatory bronchial polyps associated with asthma in a 10
      year-old boy. He expelled about 50 polyps varying in size from 0.4 to 1.8 cm
      without difficulty. Microscopically, the polyps were lined by columnar epithelium
      supported by stroma consisting of a loose connective tissue with many capillary
      vessels and a chronic inflammatory infiltration composed mainly of lymphocytes,
      plasma cells, and eosinophils. The blood and urine laboratory data were normal
      except for blood eosinophilia of 3% to 10%, and a chest roentgenogram that showed
      a left perihilar small nodular lesion and a small irregular area in the right
      upper lobe. Test results of pulmonary function and blood gases were normal. The
      association of bronchial inflammatory polyps with asthma and the clinical
      manifestation in this patient is very uncommon.

PMID- 6830394
TI  - Tracheobronchial papillomatosis with malignant transformation.

PMID- 6830396
TI  - Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia and chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Immune hemolytic anemia and chronic active hepatitis developed concurrently in a
      76-year-old man after prolonged therapy with methyldopa. Both complications
      disappeared following cessation of treatment with the offending drug and a short
      course of a high-dose corticosteroid (prednisone). Inhibition of T-suppressor
      lymphocyte function by methyldopa may be instrumental in the emergence of
      autoimmune complications following usage of the drug.

PMID- 6830395
TI  - Successful therapy for rhinocerebral mucormycosis with associated bilateral brain
      abscesses.
AB  - A case of extensive rhinocerebral mucormycosis, with associated bilateral brain
      abscesses, occurred in a man with diabetes. A Rhizopus sp grew from the initial
      nasal biopsy specimens. Successful therapy consisted of correcting metabolic
      acidosis, using serial computed tomographic (CT) scans to follow the progressive
      course of brain involvement from cerebritis to encapsulated abscesses, and
      performing successive biopsies to determine the adequacy of treatment. On 18
      month follow-up, the patient had returned to full-time employment with minimal
      neurologic impairment. With CT scanning and aggressive therapy, rhinocerebral
      mucormycosis with bilateral brain involvement can be cured.

PMID- 6830399
TI  - Thymic cyst manifesting as subpulmonic fluid.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl was hospitalized for further investigation of abdominal pain
      and pain on the left side of the chest. Laparoscopy and subsequent laparotomy
      findings were negative. Chest roentgenograms disclosed subpulmonic fluid, the
      examination of which exposed a sterile mononuclear exudate. Because of these
      findings and a positive first-strength PPD tuberculin skin test result, the
      patient received antituberculosis and steroid therapy for six months with no
      effect. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed a thymic cyst situated in the left
      subpulmonic area. Thus another possible origin of subpulmonic effusions should be
      considered.

PMID- 6830400
TI  - Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis. A cause of bronchiectasis and fatal pulmonary
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 6830398
TI  - Interaction of rifampin and digitoxin.
AB  - In a patient who had been receiving digitoxin therapy, the serum digitoxin level
      decreased markedly when rifampin was added to the therapeutic regimen. The serum
      digitoxin level returned to the pretreatment level when rifampin therapy was
      discontinued.

PMID- 6830397
TI  - Resolution of factor X deficiency in primary amyloidosis following splenectomy.
AB  - A 57-year-old man with primary amyloidosis was initially seen with hematuria,
      cutaneous bleeding, and hepatosplenomegaly. Factor X was determined to be 10% to
      16% of normal plasma values. Administration of vitamin K-dependent factor
      concentrate transiently improved in vitro clotting tests but did not alter the
      clinical course. Following a splenectomy, bleeding ceased and factor X levels
      returned to normal, remaining so despite discontinuation of factor concentrate
      infusion. Amyloid fibrils extracted from the patient's spleen were determined to
      be derived from lambda V1 light chains. The importance of splenectomy as an
      effective therapeutic modality is discussed.

PMID- 6830403
TI  - Serial Sevens Test.

PMID- 6830402
TI  - Bacterial infections.

PMID- 6830401
TI  - Metastatic thymoma seen as a solitary pulmonary nodule.

PMID- 6830405
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenics. Tests using the xenon Xe 133
      inhalation method.
AB  - Measurements of intrahemispheric and bilateral regional cerebral blood flow (CBF)
      for gray and white matter were compared in 29 schizophrenic patients and 22
      normal controls, using the xenon Xe 133 inhalation method. Results showed
      significantly lower CBF values for all brain regions in the schizophrenic group,
      and post hoc comparisons showed relatively greater reduced gray-matter CBF values
      in the anterior areas of the brain. There was also a left-hemisphere frontal loss
      similar to that reported previously, although it was in the context of a
      generalized loss in anterior functioning. Interhemispheric comparison within both
      groups showed no differences between homologous regions for gray matter, and
      greater white-matter CBF values in the right hemisphere than in the left
      hemisphere. The findings support a hypothesis of a bilateral anterior deficit in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6830404
TI  - Prediction of suicide in psychiatric patients. Report of a prospective study.
AB  - A prospective research study attempted to identify persons who would subsequently
      commit or attempt suicide. The sample consisted of 4,800 patients who were
      consecutively admitted to the inpatient psychiatric service of a Veterans
      Administration hospital. They were examined and rated on a wide range of
      instruments and measures, including most of those previously reported as
      predictive of suicide. Many items were found to have positive and substantial
      correlations with subsequent suicides and/or suicide attempts. However, all
      attempts to identify specific subjects were unsuccessful, including use of
      individual items, factor scores, and a series of discriminant functions. Each
      trial missed many cases and identified far too many false positive cases to be
      workable. Identification of particular persons who will commit suicide is not
      currently feasible, because of the low sensitivity and specificity of available
      identification procedures and the low base rate of this behavior.

PMID- 6830406
TI  - Plasma amine oxidase and genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia.
AB  - Plasma amine oxidase (PAO) activity was studied in 52 chronic schizophrenics, 130
      first-degree relatives, and 36 normal control subjects. Enzyme activity was shown
      to be a heritable and stable characteristic. Age and sex effects were not
      present. Patients had lower PAO activity than did control subjects, although the
      difference fell short of statistical significance. Within families, reduced PAO
      activity was associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

PMID- 6830408
TI  - Long v short half-life benzodiazepines in the elderly. Kinetics and clinical
      effects of diazepam and oxazepam.
AB  - Oxazepam and diazepam were compared in healthy elderly volunteers. Absorption of
      diazepam was faster than oxazepam and onset of clinical effects were more
      profound. Diazepam accumulation was extensive, washout was slow and active
      compounds were present two weeks after the last dose. Oxazepam accumulation was
      significantly less and elimination significantly faster than diazepam. There was
      no difference between oxazepam and diazepam in sedation or fatigue during the
      drug treatment, but sedative effects persisted for two weeks after diazepam
      therapy was discontinued. Sedation rapidly returned to baseline in the oxazepam
      group. Thus, the differing pharmacokinetic profiles of diazepam and oxazepam have
      clinical consequences during multiple dosage in the elderly.

PMID- 6830407
TI  - Indomethacin but not aspirin increases plasma lithium ion levels.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic drug interactions between lithium sulfate and the
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin and aspirin were
      studied in ten normal female volunteers restricted to 150-mEq/day of sodium.
      Indomethacin decreased renal lithium ion elimination by 23% and caused a 40%
      increase in steady state plasma lithium ion levels. In contrast, aspirin had no
      effect on plasma lithium ion levels and increased renal lithium ion elimination
      by only 6%. Renal prostaglandin E2 excretion was suppressed by 50% to 60% of
      control levels by indomethacin and by 65% to 70% by aspirin. A clinically
      important drug interaction with the risk of lithium intoxication can occur
      between lithium salts and indomethacin. However, aspirin did not affect steady
      state plasma levels of lithium ion and thus may be preferable for antirheumatic
      treatment of patients undergoing long-term therapy with lithium salts. Frequent
      monitoring of plasma lithium ion levels is absolutely necessary in patients
      receiving both lithium salts and NSAIDs.

PMID- 6830409
TI  - Correlation of initial thiothixene serum levels and clinical response. Comparison
      of fluorometric, gas chromatographic, and RBC assays.
AB  - A series of three experiments addressed major problems concerning the use of
      serum levels as predictors of clinical response to thiothixene (Navane)
      hydrochloride in schizophrenia: correlation of initial test doses with clinical
      response; comparison of fluorescence spectrophotometry with gas chromatography in
      relation to clinical response; and comparison of serum levels with RBC levels in
      relation to clinical response. All assays correlated (near r = .5) with Brief
      Psychiatric Rating Scale improvement during hospitalization, except RBC levels
      seemed to have superior correlations (.64) in patients with lower serum levels.
      These correlations are similar to those obtained with steady state levels. The
      different methods of determining thiothixene concentrations were highly
      intercorrelated as well. Thus, single-dose serum levels give important clinical
      correlations regardless of which assay is used for thiothixene determination.

PMID- 6830412
TI  - Empirical study of self-rated defense styles.
AB  - A self-administered questionnaire that would indicate a person's perception of
      his or her habitual defensive style was constructed and tested. The hypotheses
      assessed were that defenses cluster so as to constitute "styles" and that these
      styles can be ranked as more or less adaptive. The sample comprised 98
      psychiatric patients and 111 nonpatients. The tools used were (1) a questionnaire
      measure of self-appraisal of defensive style, (2) a questionnaire measure of ego
      adaptation, and (3) a sentence completion measure of ego development. The
      results, which argued strongly for the validity of a questionnaire measure of
      perceived defensive style, also showed that such defenses tend to cluster into
      styles that can be ranked on a developmental continuum, from "maladaptive action
      patterns," through "image-distorting" defenses, "self-sacrificing" defenses, and
      "adaptive" defenses.

PMID- 6830413
TI  - On suicide prediction and prevention.

PMID- 6830411
TI  - Ego development and self-image complexity in early adolescence. Longitudinal
      studies of psychiatric and diabetic patients.
AB  - Ego development and multiple self-images were studied in nonpsychotic psychiatric
      patients, diabetic patients, and healthy high school students. The results
      reported are drawn from the first year of a four-year longitudinal project
      investigating the psychosocial development and family interactions of impaired
      and at-risk adolescents. Both groups of patients, especially the psychiatric
      group, were significantly lower in their ego development and showed less self
      image complexity than the high school students. These findings are discussed both
      in terms of understanding developmental deviation in these two chronically ill
      groups, and as a strategy for investigating formulations being proposed in the
      new self-psychology framework.

PMID- 6830410
TI  - Growth of hyperactive children on maintenance regimen of methylphenidate.
AB  - The growth in height and weight of 86 hyperactive children receiving
      methylphenidate hydrochloride (average, 40 mg/day for up to four years) was
      compared with general population norms on recently updated growth charts. A
      significant decrease in height percentile was apparent after 2, 3, and 4 years of
      treatment but not after one year. A significant loss in weight percentile
      occurred onward from the first year of treatment. Dosage was significantly
      associated with the decrease in height and weight percentile. Greater initial
      height and weight were associated with greater growth decrements. The use of
      adjunctive thioridazine hydrochloride (mean, 87 mg/day) did not influence the
      growth of children receiving methylphenidate. Although the magnitude of the
      growth suppressant effect in groups was small (dosage accounted for only 2% of
      the variance in final height), the results suggest that clinicians should monitor
      the growth of hyperactive children receiving stimulants and consider dosage
      reduction in individual cases should evidence of growth suppression occur.

PMID- 6830414
TI  - Study of gluten effect in schizophrenia.

PMID- 6830415
TI  - Studies on coumarins, II.

PMID- 6830416
TI  - [HPLC determination of azapropazone in human plasma].

PMID- 6830418
TI  - Cardiopulmonary response in spinal cord injury patients: effect of pneumatic
      compressive devices.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an inflatable abdominal
      corset and bilateral pneumatic leg splints on certain physiologic parameters
      during and after postural change in 27 quadriplegic patients. Data reflecting
      respiratory rate, tidal volume, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      were collected and analyzed. Measurements were acquired with patients in supine,
      20 degrees head-up, 45 degrees head-up, and 20 degrees head-down positions. The
      study population was divided into 2 groups of cervical spinal cord injured
      patients: group I included 13 patients with C6 or C7 lesions; group II included
      14 patients with C4 or C5 lesions. The mean time between injury and data
      collection was 47 days. Several trends were identified: (1) the neurologic level
      of lesion in quadriplegics appears relatively unimportant in determining
      cardiopulmonary response to postural change; (2) the use of assistive compressive
      devices does not improve pulmonary ventilatory parameters during postural change,
      although such devices do help maintain cardiovascular parameters; and (3) the
      abdominal corset appears more effective than pneumatic leg splints in maintaining
      blood pressure at pretilt levels. A tidal volume of 350ml to 400ml is most easily
      maintained by placing patients in a supine position and eschewing assistive
      compressive devices. Because the pneumatic devices proved successful in helping
      quadriplegic patients maintain cardiovascular stability during postural changes,
      therapeutic modalities, such as tilt table treatments, may be initiated at an
      earlier stage in the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 6830419
TI  - Colonic compliance in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - While numerous communications have focused on urinary bladder dysfunction in the
      course of spinal cord injury, gastrointestinal disorders have received little
      attention. Abnormal bladder response to distention (automatic bladder) has been
      widely encountered among patients with complete thoracic spinal cord injury. To
      examine the similar concept in the colon, intracolonic pressure changes were
      measured in response to variable volumes of water introduced into the organ.
      Eight patients with complete spinal cord injury at the thoracic region (T6-T10)
      and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. Water was infused into the colon and
      intracolonic pressure was recorded using a rectilinear dynograph. The procedure
      was continued until the pressure reached 40mmHg or 2500ml of water had been
      administered. In spinal cord injury patients, the intracolonic pressure increased
      rapidly to a mean value of 35mmHg with as little as 300ml of water, whereas in
      normal controls this pressure was achieved only after 2200ml of water had been
      introduced into the colon. These findings indicate that the colon in patients
      with complete spinal cord injury of the thoracic region demonstrates an abnormal
      stretch response similar to that described in the bladder. This phenomenon could
      explain the frequent colonic symptoms experienced by these patients.

PMID- 6830420
TI  - Intra-articular temperature: technique and reliability in an animal model.
AB  - To determine if reproducible and reliable measurements of intra-articular
      temperature could be performed in an animal model, surface and intra-articular
      measurements were studied in 30 rabbits. Anterior insertion of a thermometer
      probe into the joint cavity was found to be a reliable method for measuring intra
      articular temperature in the rabbit knee. This method yielded temperatures with
      less than 0.1C variation in contralateral and serial determinations. Consistent
      differences in intra-articular temperatures were observed between normal knees
      and contralateral knees in which arthritis had been experimentally induced.
      Measurements of surface temperature and knee intra-articular temperature by a
      posterior approach, however, did not give consistent or reproducible values.

PMID- 6830417
TI  - [Antineoplastic agents, 14: Cyclohexyl derivatives of 5-(aminomethinyl)
      barbituric acid].

PMID- 6830421
TI  - Revascularization surgery: impact on lower extremity amputations.
AB  - The effect of revascularization surgery on the amputee population of 2 hospitals
      (VA and private) was studied in 2 time periods a decade apart--1969-70 and 1979
      80. In the VA hospital there was a trend toward below-knee surgery over time;
      however, for patients who had prior vascular reconstruction and who ultimately
      came to amputation there was no change in the proportion of below-knee to above
      knee surgery at either hospital. At the private hospital the average age of
      patients who underwent amputation increased significantly and the proportion of
      patients requiring amputation to the total number of patients undergoing vascular
      reconstruction significantly decreased in the later time period.

PMID- 6830422
TI  - Microwave diathermy: effects on experimental muscle hematoma resolution.
AB  - The resolution of a muscular hematoma is an important step in the recovery from a
      muscle injury. Because heat application has been advocated to accelerate this
      resolution, the effectiveness of microwave diathermy as a means of selectively
      heating the musculature was studied. For this purpose muscular hematomas were
      formed in 6 pigs by bilateral injections of blood labeled with the radioisotope
      chromium-51 (Cr51) into the biceps femoris muscle. One hematoma site was heated
      with microwave diathermy and the opposite side served as a control. The tissue
      temperature at the hematoma site was shown to be in the therapeutic range of 42
      to 45C, which would cause a maximal local blood flow response. A decay curve was
      formed by counting the radioactivity of the hematoma site with a scintillation
      counter. Best fit lines fitted to the decay curves to determine effective half
      life values showed that the treated side had a significantly shorter washout time
      than the control side. This result supports the use of heat as an adjunct to
      other therapy aimed at resolution of muscular hematomas.

PMID- 6830423
TI  - Passive range of motion, not isometric exercise, amplifies acute urate synovitis.
AB  - The effects of passive range-of-motion and isometric exercises on acute
      monosodium urate-induced experimental arthritis in a rabbit model were assessed
      by serial intra-articular temperature measurements and synovial leukocyte counts.
      Passive range of motion significantly (p less than 0.05) increased both the intra
      articular temperature and the synovial leukocyte count over the control values of
      the nonexercised joints. Isometric exercises across a joint with acute monosodium
      urate synovitis, however, did not significantly affect intra-articular
      temperature or synovial leukocyte count.

PMID- 6830424
TI  - Vestibular stimulation for supranuclear gaze palsy: case report.
AB  - Gaze palsies following severe destruction or irritative lesions of the cerebral
      hemispheres are rare. This report describes a patient with supranuclear
      ophthalmoplegia secondary to stroke which was rapidly resolved by cold caloric
      vestibular stimulation. The patient had a severe infarction of the right cerebral
      hemisphere and had a fixed deviated gaze to the right 3 months after onset. Cold
      caloric vestibular stimulation was used in an attempt to evaluate brain stem
      integrity. Following three successive injections of cold water at OC-5C into the
      external auditory canal, the patient regained full voluntary extraocular eye
      movements. The improvement continued for more than 12 months after the last
      treatment. A literature review of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of
      voluntary and reflex ocular movements is presented. A possible explanation for
      the improvement in this case is that vestibular input inhibits the tonic phase of
      antagonistic extraocular muscles while facilitating agonistic extraocular
      muscles.

PMID- 6830425
TI  - Mobility device for a child with phocomelia.
AB  - This paper describes an electric cart designed for an 11-month-old child born
      with multiple limb deficiencies. The device was intended to provide independently
      controlled mobility within the living environment and was designed to accommodate
      the child's growth until a commercial wheelchair would meet his mobility needs.
      The design provides a set of controls which can be operated by the child's
      partial left foot and his head. These controls are used in a manner that does not
      require extensive training, and which is appropriate for a child of this age.

PMID- 6830426
TI  - Brachial plexus injury.

PMID- 6830427
TI  - Axillary F-loop latency.

PMID- 6830428
TI  - Nerve conduction study.

PMID- 6830429
TI  - Surgical therapy for small-bowel carcinoid tumors.
AB  - Eighty-two symptomatic patients with carcinoid tumors of the small intestine were
      examined and treated over a 20-year period. Common clinical features included
      weight loss, diarrhea, and symptoms of intermittent bowel obstruction; 25
      patients (30%) exhibited the carcinoid syndrome. Multiple carcinoid tumors
      occurred in 23 patients (28%), and hepatic metastases were present in 30 (37%).
      All patients underwent operation. The overall mortality was 7%, and the
      cumulative five-year survival rate was 59%. Two factors influenced prognosis
      after operation: hepatic metastases and incomplete resection. Other variables,
      including the sex and age of the patient and the size of the primary tumor, were
      of no additional prognostic value. Wide resection of the tumor, including
      regional lymph nodes, is indicated, regardless of the size of the primary tumor.

PMID- 6830430
TI  - Repair of rectal prolapse using a puborectal sling procedure.
AB  - Many procedures have been described for the repair of rectal prolapse. Some are
      associated with a high recurrence rate and do not correct associated fecal
      incontinence. During the last four years, we have operated on 15 patients using a
      puborectal sling fashioned of polypropylene mesh. Nine were women and six were
      men, with ages ranging from 25 to 72 years. Eight patients had fecal
      incontinence. During a follow-up of six months to four years, rectal prolapse did
      not recur. Fecal incontinence was totally resolved in all cases. The morbidity
      and death rates were both 0%, and no long-term problems have been associated with
      use of the synthetic material. This procedure is a sound alternative for patients
      with complete rectal procidentia and fecal incontinence, as it corrects the
      associated anatomic defect of the anorectal angle.

PMID- 6830431
TI  - Arterial graft infections. Delayed v immediate vascular reconstruction.
AB  - We evaluated the treatment and clinical outcome of 20 patients with major
      abdominal vascular graft infections and found that immediate reconstruction of
      arterial inflow to the lower extremities after complete removal of contaminated
      graft material may not always be necessary or advisable. Patients were treated by
      the following categories: group 1, graft removal with immediate vascular
      reconstruction (seven patients, two aortoiliac and five aortofemoral grafts);
      group 2, graft removal with delayed vascular reconstruction (13 patients, three
      aortoiliac, five aortofemoral, and five extra-abdominal grafts). The mortality
      (57%) and the incidence of major amputation (14%) were highest when immediate
      vascular reconstruction was attempted. Patient survival, the incidence of
      recurrent graft infection, and the need for major amputation were favorably
      altered with delayed reconstruction even when prosthetic material was used.

PMID- 6830432
TI  - The effect of sympathetic innervation on canine muscle and skin blood flow.
AB  - Two microsphere techniques were used to measure skin and muscle capillary blood
      flow, plus blood flow through arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs), before and after
      unilateral lumbar sympathectomy in 12 anesthetized dogs. Sympathectomy did not
      alter capillary flow to tibial muscle, thigh, or lower leg skin, whereas paw skin
      capillary flow decreased, from 28 to 13 mL/min/100 g. However, total extremity
      blood flow increased after sympathectomy, because of the rate of AVA flow, which
      increased from 7 to 30 mL/min. Transient nerve stimulation of the cut distal end
      of the lumbar sympathetic chain immediately and reversibly decreased the AVA flow
      rate, from 30 to 10 mL/min. The rate of total hind-limb capillary flow also
      decreased during nerve stimulation, from 86 to 46 mL/min. The only significant
      effect of sympathectomy in anesthetized dogs was to redistribute distal hind-limb
      capillary blood flow to AVAs, which are anatomically located in this region. In
      contrast to capillaries, AVAs have little intrinsic myogenic tone and are highly
      dependent on adrenergic innervation.

PMID- 6830433
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of vasopressin. Can large doses be safely given?
AB  - We evaluated the effects of intravenous (IV) vasopressin on central hemodynamics,
      as well as myocardial and gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow, to delineate an
      optimal dosage balanced to yield maximum reduction of GI blood flow with minimal
      adverse cardiac effects. Eight miniature swine were anesthetized, ventilated,
      catheterized, and infused with vasopressin for three consecutive 30-minute
      periods at logarithmically increasing doses (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 units/kg/min).
      We determined cardiac output, systemic arterial pressure, and microsphere tissue
      blood flow after each infusion. We found that IV vasopressin (0.001 units/kg/min)
      produced substantial reductions in blood flow to the GI tract and heart, and
      reduced the cardiac index (3.0 +/- 0.4 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 L/sq m/min). Increased
      doses of vasopressin (X 10 and X 100) decreased gastric mucosal blood flow even
      more, with minimal adverse effects on cardiac output and myocardial blood flow.

PMID- 6830434
TI  - Impact of choice of anesthetic with vagotomy testing.
AB  - Incomplete vagotomy is the most important cause of recurrent ulcer disease.
      Despite this, intraoperative vagotomy testing has not gained widespread
      acceptance. We used a technique with Congo red, a nontoxic azine dye that turns
      black (pH, 3.0) intraoperatively. The vagolytic effects of various general
      anesthetics has been shown. We found that halothane, used as a general
      anesthetic, combined with pentagastrin administration as a vagally synergistic
      stimulant, produced the most reliable, safe, and reproducible result when using
      Congo red intraoperatively.

PMID- 6830436
TI  - Intraperitoneal splenic autotransplantation. Protection afforded in a naturally
      occurring epidemic of murine mycoplasmosis.
AB  - Intraperitoneal splenic autotransplantation is now a clinical reality. However,
      doubts remains as to complications that might develop when splenic tissue is
      placed in this site. We assessed the ability of an extraperitoneal (subcutaneous)
      site of autotransplantation to provide protection similar to that previously
      demonstrated by intraperitoneal splenic reimplantation. These effects were
      studied during a naturally occurring epidemic of murine respiratory
      mycoplasmosis. Intraperitoneal splenic transplants but not subcutaneous implants
      improved chances for survival during this infectious epidemic. The results
      suggest that a subcutaneous site for splenic autotransplantation is not
      clinically applicable.

PMID- 6830435
TI  - Iatrogenic ureteral injury. Options in management.
AB  - Twenty-five patients sustained 27 iatrogenic ureteral injuries during various
      operative procedures. Injuries were managed by ureteroureterostomy in 11
      injuries, ureteroneocystostomy in 11, nephrectomy in two, ureteral stent in one,
      cutaneous ureterostomy in one, and reimplantation into an ileal conduit in one.
      Four of 25 patients died, three as a result of the failure of ureteral repair and
      intra-abdominal sepsis. Short-term failure of repair occurred in five patients;
      long-term failure occurred in three. All patients with injuries missed during the
      primary operation had poor results of ureteral reconstruction. Immediate
      recognition of accidental ureteral injury provides optimum results. Injuries
      within 4 cm of the ureterovesical junction are managed by ureteroneocystostomy;
      injuries greater than 4 cm, by ureteroureterostomy. Crush injuries require
      immediate placement of a ureteral stent. Prior pelvic radiotherapy or intra
      abdominal infection should preclude any attempt at primary reconstruction.

PMID- 6830437
TI  - Early experience with popliteal to infrapopliteal bypass for limb salvage.
AB  - In an attempt to improve graft patency and limb salvage in patients with isolated
      tibial vessel and/or popliteal-tibial vessel occlusive disease, bypass grafts
      from the popliteal or distal superficial femoral artery to infrapopliteal
      arteries were used in patients requiring bypass for limb salvage. During a 2 1/2
      year period, 23 patients with patent axial vessels and hemodynamically normal
      inflow to the level of the knee underwent such bypasses. Cumulative graft patency
      and limb salvage rates at 31 months were 84% and 70%, respectively. Five of the
      six patients who required below-knee amputation did so because of progressive
      gangrene in the presence of a patent bypass. Short bypasses between the popliteal
      and infrapopliteal arteries can significantly contribute to limb salvage in
      patients with tibial vessel occlusive disease and may be particularly useful in
      patients with saphenous veins too short for longer bypasses.

PMID- 6830438
TI  - A systematic approach to the assessment of aortoiliac disease.
AB  - The accurate localization of hemodynamically significant disease in the
      aortoiliac segment remains a major clinical dilemma that contributes to the less
      than optimal results reported for aortofemoral bypass grafting in patients with
      disabling lower limb claudication. We assessed the hemodynamic status of the
      aortoiliac segment with direct intraarterial pressure measurements obtained prior
      to arteriography. This served as a basis for determining the role of the femoral
      pulsatility index (FPI) in evaluating the hemodynamics of the aortoiliac segment.
      A stepwise decision making algorithm, developed from the results, enabled
      accurate identification of the location of the hemodynamic disturbance in 94% of
      the limbs studied. In 62% of the limbs, the FPI could be used, while in the
      remaining 38%, intra-arterial pressure measurements were used.

PMID- 6830439
TI  - Cost of treatment of bleeding esophageal varices.
AB  - We examined the cost of four methods of treatment of bleeding esophageal varices-
      medical treatment, sclerotherapy, variceal ligation operations, and portal
      systemic shunts--in 49 consecutive patients from 1977 to 1979, and correlated the
      two-year outcome with cost. We found that, despite bias imposed by selection, the
      cost per patient and cost per survivor at two years was lowest in patients who
      received sclerotherapy, even though they were more seriously ill than patients
      who received other treatments. Patients treated with sclerotherapy also had the
      lowest mortality during primary hospitalization and the lowest readmission rate
      during a two-year period.

PMID- 6830440
TI  - The nature and course of cystic pancreatic lesions diagnosed by ultrasound.
AB  - To determine the nature and course of cystic pancreatic lesions, we reviewed the
      records of 93 patients who were followed up with serial ultrasound until
      resolution occurred or definitive therapy was given. Initially, 105 cystic
      lesions were seen. Single cysts occurred in 83 patients and multiple cysts in
      ten. Eight patients had two cysts and two patients had three. Twenty-one patients
      had a single ultrasound examination and 72 had two or more examinations.
      Spontaneous resolution occurred in 29 of (28%) 105 cysts in 24 patients. In 46
      patients, 53 pseudocysts were found at operation or autopsy. Five patients had
      pancreatic abscesses. Two patients became unavailable for follow-up and three
      refused surgery. The results of one examination were false negative. Twelve
      patients had false-positive ultrasound results. Factors influencing the
      likelihood of spontaneous resolution included initial cyst size, subsequent
      increase in size, multiple cysts, and the presence of calcifications. This study
      confirms the usefulness of serial ultrasound scans in determining the nature and
      necessity for treatment of cystic lesions of the pancreas.

PMID- 6830442
TI  - Characterization of the enveloped plasmavirus MVL2 after propagation on three
      Acholeplasma laidlawii hosts.
AB  - Plasmavirus MVL2 was propagated on three Acholeplasma laidlawii strains, JA1, S2,
      or BC1-13. Previously reported host-controlled modification (HCM) of MVL2, as
      reflected by changes in plating efficiency, was observed. Adsorption rates and
      one-step growth curves varied according to host used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the three MVL2 populations revealed
      differences in polypeptide profiles.

PMID- 6830446
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring and surgery of acute craniocerebral trauma.

PMID- 6830447
TI  - The unicorn in the corral: how different is the physician's family?

PMID- 6830443
TI  - Temperature-sensitive influenza A virus clones originated by a cross between
      A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and B/Yamagata/1/73.
AB  - A genetic cross was performed between influenza viruses B/Yamagata/1/73 and clone
      6-10, an A type influenza virus derived from a cross between A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)
      and B/Yamagata. Efficiency of plating of B/Yamagata at 39.5 degrees C was less
      than 10(-3) in MDCK cells, while that of clone 6-10 or A/Aichi was higher than
      10(-1). Four of the 15 clones selected for HA of Aichi serotype from the mixed
      yield, where type B virus was predominant over type A, were temperature-sensitive
      (ts), with efficiency of plating at 39.5 degrees C less than 10(-2), exceeding
      the frequency of spontaneous ts mutants among clone 6-10 progeny. Thus, co
      existing type B virus not only interfered with the replication of type A, but
      also rendered it temperature-sensitive. Genetic analysis of the 4ts clones using
      a set of ts mutants of influenza virus A/WSN (H0N1) revealed that these clones,
      in contrast with the spontaneous ts mutant of clone 6-10, with ts defect only in
      NP gene, possessed ts lesions in multiple genes including a common ts defect in
      M. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral RNA and proteins of these clones
      showed an identical gel pattern to that of clone 6-10, although the rate of
      synthesis of individual viral polypeptide was variable from clone to clone.

PMID- 6830445
TI  - Tuberculosis skin testing programs in Maricopa county.

PMID- 6830444
TI  - Functional defects of fowl plague virus temperature-sensitive mutant having
      mutation in the neuraminidase.
AB  - A fowl plague virus (FPV) temperature-sensitive mutant ts 5 having mutation
      lesions in the gene coding for the neuraminidase has been obtained. The mutant
      induced synthesis of cRNA, vRNA and proteins in cells under non-permissive
      conditions, but formation of virions including non-infectious ones was defective.
      The neuraminidase and haemagglutinin synthesized under non-permissive conditions
      possessed functional activity and could migrate from the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum into plasma membranes; however, cleavage of the haemagglutinin was
      reduced. In ts 5-infected cells under non-permissive conditions the synthesis of
      segments 5 and 8 of cRNA and vRNA was predominant both early and late in the
      reproduction cycle, and the synthesis of P1, P2, P3, HA and M proteins was
      reduced after approximately 3 hours. The data obtained suggest that involvement
      of the neuraminidase in the formation of infectious virions may have no direct
      association with the enzymatic activity of this protein, and that the mutation in
      the neuraminidase may affect regulation of replication and transcription
      processes.

PMID- 6830441
TI  - Some properties of mycoplasma virus Br 1.
AB  - Morphologically mycoplasma virus Br 1 is a typical contractile-tailed
      bacteriophage with a head 77 nm in diameter and a tail 104 nm long. Its type of
      nucleic acid was not determined. Br 1 was closely associated with its host cell
      and assays reflected infectious centres. During growth of Br 1 in mycoplasma
      cultures at multiplicities of infection (MOI) greater than 0.001, there was a lag
      period: this was up to 23 hours at an MOI of 35. The mean generation time of a
      mycoplasma culture infected at MOI up to 235 was 2 hours, compared with 1 hour
      for an uninfected culture. However in these infected cultures there were viable
      mycoplasmas all of which appeared to be fully susceptible to Br 1 infection and
      did not seem to be carrying the virus. Br 1 formed plaques on M. bovirhinis but
      failed to produce plaques on strains of 8 Mycoplasma, 2 Acholeplasma and 4
      bacterial species.

PMID- 6830448
TI  - Case of the month No. 63. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 6830450
TI  - Lacunar stroke. A reassessment.
AB  - Lacunae are small, deep cerebral infarcts known to occur in hypertensive
      patients. Although frequently asymptomatic, they sometimes produce characteristic
      clinical syndromes. Postmortem studies have implicated small-vessel disease in
      their pathogenesis, and, as a result, conservative management has been advocated.
      Computed tomography (CT) has provided new insights into the spectrum of lacunar
      disease. Review of recently acquired information suggests modifications of the
      approach to these patients. The clinical lacunar syndromes, though nonspecific,
      do suggest lacunar infarction. In hypertensive patients with these syndromes and
      CT confirmation of lacunar infarction, a conservative diagnostic posture coupled
      with medical management of risk factors continues to be indicated.

PMID- 6830451
TI  - A computed tomographic guide to the identification of cerebral vascular
      territories.
AB  - This article presents a system of human brain templates, depicting territories of
      cerebrovascular supply and cortical cytoarchitectonic markings. The templates may
      be used as a guide to localization of abnormal images in standard computed
      tomographic cuts.

PMID- 6830449
TI  - Vasectomy reversal technique and results.

PMID- 6830452
TI  - A comparison of clinical features in early- and late-onset primary degenerative
      dementia. One entity or two?
AB  - The prevalence of a number of clinical features occurring in patients with early-
      (before age 65) and late-onset primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer
      type (PDDAT) are compared. The data from a total of 65 patients demonstrated a
      greater prevalence of language disturbance, a disproportionate number of left
      handers, and a much shorter relative survival time in the early-onset group.
      Taken together with other data, these findings indicate a degree of heterogeneity
      in the clinical features of patients with PDDAT and suggest a possible heightened
      selective vulnerability of the left hemisphere in early-onset cases. We interpret
      the data as raising the possibility that the current view of PDDAT as a unitary
      disorder may not be entirely valid.

PMID- 6830453
TI  - Nonprogressive congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fiber.
AB  - Three patients had nonprogressive congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform
      type 1 fiber. Uniform fiber type was defined as more than 99% of muscle fibers
      belonging to one type. These cases were characterized by early onset of symptoms,
      mild proximal weakness, hyporeflexia or areflexia, normal serum muscle enzyme
      levels, short duration of motor unit potentials, uniform type 1 fibers, and
      nonprogression. These cases represent a distinct form of nonprogressive
      congenital neuromuscular disease.

PMID- 6830454
TI  - Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in a Japanese city.
AB  - A study of the incidence of Parkinson's disease was carried out in a Japanese
      city, and cases of those who had died were studied to clarify the longevity of
      the patients and causes of death. On incidence day, April 1, 1980, a total of 101
      patients with Parkinson's disease were found to be living in the investigated
      area, which had a population of 125,291. The incidence rate was 80.6 per 100,000
      population, and the average annual incidence for the period 1975 through 1979 was
      10.2 per 100,000 population per year. The average age at death was 70.0 years,
      and the mean duration of illness was 7.4 years. The main causes of death were
      heart diseases and bronchopneumonia, which were complications of a long period of
      being bedridden.

PMID- 6830455
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients with palatal myoclonus.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were obtained in 20 patients with
      palatal myoclonus. The group included 14 men and six women whose ages ranged from
      19 to 82 years. Six of the patients had abnormal BAEPs: two with severe head
      trauma and one each with a brainstem infarct, tumor, demyelination, and an
      indeterminate inflammatory process. The 14 patients with normal BAEPs had palatal
      myoclonus secondary to head trauma (five patients), brainstem infarcts (four
      patients), cerebellar tumors (two patients), degenerative processes (two
      patients), and an Arnold-Chiari malformation (one patient). Since the auditory
      pathways are separate from the structures associated with palatal myoclonus, it
      is possible to have discrete lesions producing palatal myoclonus with sparing of
      the auditory structures, whereas diffuse or multifocal lesions of the brainstem
      are more likely to be associated with abnormal BAEPs.

PMID- 6830456
TI  - Multimodality evoked potentials and neurophysiological tests in multiple
      sclerosis. Effects of hyperthermia on test results.
AB  - Data on critical frequency of photic driving (CFPD), frequency following response
      (FFR), and visual, somatosensory (peroneal nerve), and brain-stem auditory evoked
      potentials (EPs) were obtained from 20 patients who had clinically definite
      multiple sclerosis and ten healthy normal subjects in a controlled, balanced
      study under normothermic and hyperthermic (+1 degrees C) conditions with a test
      retest interval of one week. Normal subjects' test results showed no changes
      during hyperthermia. Patients' EP and CFPD data correlated well with history,
      clinical signs, and symptoms during both normothermia and hyperthermia. The FFR
      test data were equivocal and not fully analyzed. Data from the four other tests
      showed additional patient abnormalities during hyperthermia. Multimodality
      testing increased the number of patient abnormalities compared with single tests,
      and the number increased further during hyperthermia. Test-retest reproducibility
      was higher during hyperthermia.

PMID- 6830457
TI  - Late language development in a child unable to recognize or produce speech
      sounds.
AB  - A boy with severe quadriplegia who neither recognized nor uttered speech sounds
      acquired language. Until the age of 6 years he was considered to be of severely
      subnormal intelligence. At age 6 years 9 months he was introduced to a manual
      sign system. Subsequently he was able to read, write, converse, and produce
      imaginative stories. Attention and memory were unimpaired and affective and
      social responsiveness developed appropriately. The case history demonstrates the
      selective effects of brain lesions that, despite extensive damage, may spare
      functional systems necessary for cognitive and linguistic development. It
      highlights the difficulty in diagnosing and evaluating the intellectual and
      affective potential of a multihandicapped child without functional hearing or
      speech and emphasizes the importance of sign language as a communication channel
      and prerequisite for the acquisition of reading and writing skills.

PMID- 6830458
TI  - Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme in CSF in neurologic diseases. Measurement by
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The concentration of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK BB) was measured by
      radioimmunoassay in CSF from 306 patients with various neurologic disorders.
      Levels above 2.0 ng/mL were not found in patients without neurologic disease.
      Whereas mean CSF CK BB level was less than 2.0 ng/mL in groups of patients with
      systemic malignant neoplasms, latent syphilis, peripheral neuropathy, disk
      disease, polyradiculopathy, myelopathy, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative
      disease, encephalopathy, and hydrocephalus, it was elevated in groups of patients
      with convulsive disorder, CNS neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, vasculitis, and
      meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 6830460
TI  - Dysfluency (stuttering) in extrapyramidal disease.
AB  - Acquired stuttering in the adult is rare and is usually associated with trauma or
      vascular disease. A recent patient had adult-onset dysfluency, and, subsequently,
      signs of progressive supranuclear palsy developed. A review of cases of
      extrapyramidal disease identified five parkinsonian patients with stutteringlike
      behavior. Dysfluencies were of slow onset and were an early symptom. Speech was
      characterized by repetitions/prolongations on initial syllables, which occurred
      on both small grammatical and substantive words. Dysfluency was found mostly in
      self-formulated speech. There was a positive adaptation effect. No secondary
      motor symptoms occurred and behavioral response to dysfluency was minimal. Speech
      characteristics of dysfluency associated with extrapyramidal disease differ from
      both developmental dysfluency and acquired dysfluency secondary to vascular or
      traumatic insults. In patients with adult-onset stutteringlike dysfluencies it is
      important to consider extrapyramidal disease.

PMID- 6830459
TI  - Cerebral chromomycosis.
AB  - A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with headache, confusion, and
      early papilledema. He was receiving prednisone and azathioprine for interstitial
      pulmonary fibrosis. A right temporoparietal cerebral abscess was diagnosed by
      computed tomographic scan, brain scan, and cerebral angiography. Fungal cultures
      of pus obtained at operation grew a pigmented fungus, Cladosporium trichoides.
      Three additional abscesses were found in the right cerebellar hemisphere at
      autopsy after the patient died of an unrelated cause. Chromomycosis occurring at
      sites other than skin is extremely rare. No lesions were detected outside the CNS
      in our patient. C trichoides has not been previously recognized as an agent
      causing disease in compromised hosts.

PMID- 6830461
TI  - Aphasia in subdural hematoma.
AB  - The occurrence of aphasia as the only or dominant symptom of subdural hematoma
      (SDH) has not been emphasized in the literature. The possible confusion of
      traumatic aphasia with transient ischemic attacks or stroke has been the object
      of most recent investigations. Four patients with subacute SDH had aphasia as an
      initial symptom; the relevant pathophysiologic characteristics were noted in
      each. These patients had a rapid response to decompression with marked resolution
      of the aphasia irrespective of immediate or delayed drainage.

PMID- 6830462
TI  - Meningeal sarcomatosis and multiple astrocytomas.

PMID- 6830463
TI  - Anterograde memory deficits for visuospatial material after infarction of the
      right thalamus.
AB  - A patient with a discrete lesion in the region of the right dorsomedial thalamic
      nucleus had anterograde memory impairment for visuospatial material. The thalamus
      may be critical for memory function because of its reciprocal connections with
      dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortex and also because of its participation in
      both basolateral and medial limbic systems.

PMID- 6830464
TI  - Computed tomographic appearance of systemic malignant lymphoma involving brain.

PMID- 6830465
TI  - Naloxone dosage.

PMID- 6830466
TI  - Transient eye opening with EEG suppression-burst pattern in postanoxic
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 6830467
TI  - The pertussis vaccine controversy. The danger of case reports.

PMID- 6830468
TI  - Hemispheric specialization and the neurology of emotion.
AB  - The regulation of such biologic drives as sex and aggression is a critical
      evolutionary function required of the nervous system. There is evidence that, in
      humans, the right hemisphere is dominant for many "emotional" functions. In the
      cortical regions involved in emotion, there are two important, complementary,
      sensorilimbic connective pathways: a dorsal system critical for surveillance,
      attention, and arousal and a ventral system specialized for stimulus
      identification, learning, and emotional response. Hemispheric specialization may
      introduce lateral asymmetries in these sensorilimbic connections, which could
      account for contrasting dominance in both emotional functions and some cognitive
      domains.

PMID- 6830469
TI  - Cyanotic congenital heart disease with suspected stroke. Should all patients
      receive antibiotics?
AB  - Two patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) and erythremia were
      seen for abrupt onset of focal neurologic deficits and/or seizure without signs
      of infection or increased intracranial pressure. Clinical features and initial
      computed tomography (CT) in both cases suggested stroke. Subsequent CT scans
      demonstrated cerebral abscess, proved at operation. Review of records of patients
      with CHD at the University of Rochester (NY) Medical Center from 1965 to 1981
      disclosed 12 cases with brain abscess but only two cases with aseptic cerebral
      infarction. All but one patient with abscess were cyanotic. One third of patients
      with abscess had a clinical picture suggesting stroke. Clinical or radiologic
      features of half the cases indicated that cerebral infarction may have led to
      abscess formation. Diagnosis of brain abscess and immediate antibiotic therapy
      should be strongly considered in patients with cyanotic CHD who suffer a
      suspected cerebral infarction.

PMID- 6830470
TI  - Household pets among veterans with multiple sclerosis and age-matched controls.
      Pilot survey.
AB  - A pilot study was carried out among 22 Vietnam-era male US veterans with multiple
      sclerosis (MS) and 55 age- and sex-matched controls for prior exposure to dogs,
      cats, and animals with a distemperlike illness. No difference in dog ownership,
      or sick animals, and subsequent human illness was found in the group with MS or
      the control group. However, the distribution of dogs by indoor-outdoor status, as
      reported by patients with MS or controls, showed significant variation by tier of
      residence. Indoor dogs were more common in northern than southern latitudes, and
      this may be an important finding in light of the variation in the risk of MS with
      latitude.

PMID- 6830471
TI  - Chronic isolated abducens paresis from tumors at the base of the brain.
AB  - A chronic sixth-nerve paresis, even if isolated, may be neither benign nor
      idiopathic. We describe five patients with tumors in the basisphenoid region
      manifested clinically by isolated, unilateral abducens paresis for five to 20
      years. There were three meningiomas (one confirmed by biopsy, two presumed), a
      neurilemmoma, and a chondrosarcoma. Isolated abducens paresis may persist for
      years in both children and adults with tumors or aneurysms. All patients with
      chronic sixth-nerve paresis should undergo vigorous neuroradiologic
      investigations to rule out a petrous apex-cavernous sinus mass lesion.

PMID- 6830473
TI  - Isaacs' syndrome with muscle hypertrophy reversed by phenytoin therapy.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy was seen for severe episodic muscle cramps and generalized
      myokymia, consistent with Isaacs's syndrome. Bilateral calf hypertrophy (46-cm
      calf circumference) and ankle areflexia were noted. He was treated with phenytoin
      sodium, 300 mg/day. Within three months there was marked decrease in myokymia,
      total relief of cramps, return of ankle reflexes, and 6-cm reduction in calf
      circumference. We suggest that the excess muscle activity in Isaacs's syndrome
      may be responsible for the associated phenomena of muscle hypertrophy and
      areflexia.

PMID- 6830472
TI  - CSF polyamines in childhood.
AB  - Specimens of CSF from 76 children without neurologic disease and from 191
      children with neurosurgical conditions were assayed for polyamine content.
      Putrescine and spermidine concentrations decreased with age. In children with
      intracranial tumors, polyamine concentrations in lumbar CSF were comparable with
      those in ventricular CSF. Putrescine level was significantly increased in
      children with medulloblastomas. Spermidine level was increased in children with
      medulloblastomas, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas. Concentrations of putrescine
      and spermidine were significantly increased in infants with myelomeningocele and
      hydrocephalus. Spermidine concentrations were significantly increased in older
      children with myelomeningocele, encephalocele, and hydrocephalus. Polyamines thus
      seem to be increased by rapid cell proliferation and by disorders affecting
      myelination. Since putrescine and spermidine concentrations may be of use in
      monitoring tumor progression, the effects of childhood growth and of
      hydrocephalus must be considered for children whose brain tumors are associated
      with hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6830475
TI  - Hyperekplexia exacerbated by occlusion of posterior thalamic arteries.
AB  - A 65-year-old man with the onset of hyperekplexia at 37 years of age experienced
      resolution of the illness at the age of 45 years. Twenty years later after a
      posterior thalamoperforate artery occlusion that produced a "rubral tremor,"
      severe hyperekplexia redeveloped. The patient's symptoms were controlled with
      clonazepam, except for brief periods. Interruption of the rubrothalamic pathways
      or neuronal aggregates at the level of the red nucleus seemed to disinhibit the
      startle reflex.

PMID- 6830474
TI  - Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia reversed by naloxone.
AB  - We encountered an apparent bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in a
      stuporous patient who used narcotics and benzodiazepines and had taken phenytoin
      sodium for drug-withdrawal seizures. The INO was promptly reversed by
      administration of the narcotic antagonist naloxone, which binds opiate receptors.
      This suggests the INO resulted from a specific toxic effect of narcotics, but
      opiate receptors have not been anatomically demonstrated within the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus or associated structures. Stimulation of inhibitory GABA
      ergic (alpha-aminobutyric acid) vestibulo-ocular fibers may have been related to
      INO in this case.

PMID- 6830477
TI  - Cerebral vasculitis associated with oral amphetamine overdose.

PMID- 6830476
TI  - Hyperekplexia.
AB  - Hyperekplexia is a hereditary neurologic disorder manifested by an exaggerated
      startle response, generalized muscular rigidity, and prominent nocturnal
      myoclonus. The distinctive features of this syndrome constitute an unusual
      clinical entity that is easily mistaken for other disorders. The study of a
      family provided additional data on various aspects of this condition. The proband
      was 3 months old when he was referred for persistent generalized stiffness since
      birth; this stiffness was associated with an exaggerated startle response and
      intermittent apnea. Similar symptoms in infancy and prominent nocturnal myoclonus
      with an excessive startle response in adulthood were described in other family
      members for five generations. Various features of the disorder indicate a
      relationship to the syndrome of the "jumping Frenchmen of Maine," latah,
      miryachit, and other unusual startle reactions.

PMID- 6830479
TI  - Paroxysmal unilateral hyperhidrosis and malignant mesothelioma.

PMID- 6830480
TI  - CNS cysticercosis revisited.

PMID- 6830478
TI  - Spinal myoclonus related to an arteriovenous malformation. Response to clonazepam
      therapy.

PMID- 6830482
TI  - Transient global amnesia after cerebral angiography.

PMID- 6830481
TI  - Praziquantel therapy for cysticercosis.

PMID- 6830483
TI  - Dominant spinopontine atrophy.

PMID- 6830484
TI  - Reemergence of stuttering after focal cerebral insult.

PMID- 6830485
TI  - Incidence of visual field loss in 20,000 eyes and its relationship to driving
      performance.
AB  - Automated visual field screening of 10,000 volunteers (20,000 eyes) showed the
      incidence of visual field loss was 3.0% to 3.5% for persons aged 16 to 60 years
      but was approximately 13.0% for those older than 65 years. Approximately half of
      the persons with abnormal visual fields were previously unaware of any problem
      with peripheral vision. Follow-up results suggested that the most common causes
      of visual field loss were glaucoma, retinal disorders, and cataracts. Drivers
      with binocular visual field loss had accident and conviction rates twice as high
      as those with normal visual fields. Drivers with monocular visual field loss had
      accident and conviction rates equivalent to those of a control group. Our results
      have important implications for mass visual field screening to detect eye
      diseases and for vision-related factors in traffic safety.

PMID- 6830486
TI  - Ocular effects following the volcanic eruptions of Mount St Helens.
AB  - Three hundred thirty-two ophthalmologists examined 1,523 patients with immediate
      ocular complaints following the 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens. Loggers
      working up to 18 months in environments with high concentrations of volcanic ash
      were compared with a control group of loggers without volcanic ash contact.
      Although the ash particles acted as ocular foreign bodies, the small particles
      were apparently well tolerated for the most part, except for acute irritation.
      Patients with contact lenses or sicca syndrome had the most frequent ocular
      complaints. To date, no long-term ocular effects have been noted secondary to
      volcanic ash exposure.

PMID- 6830487
TI  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in secondary forms of open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - A pilot study evaluated both the safety and the effect on intraocular pressure
      control of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in eyes with secondary forms of open
      angle glaucoma. All patients included in this study had poor IOP control and were
      considered surgical candidates. The ALT was considered successful if IOP control
      was sufficient to avoid conventional filtration surgery. Fifty-five eyes of 46
      patients were treated. The mean follow-up was 8 +/- 4 months. The mean IOP
      decrease was 13 +/- 9 mm Hg. The ALT caused serious complications in none of the
      55 eyes and seemed most effective in treating pigmentary, pseudoexfoliation, and
      angle-closure glaucoma present after iridotomy. The ALT had minimal therapeutic
      effect in eyes with uveitic, angle-recession, and congenital glaucoma.

PMID- 6830488
TI  - Dellen associated with filtering blebs.
AB  - Dellen may occur in the corneas of eyes with filtering blebs. Nine cases of such
      dellen were encountered in a series of 97 consecutive trabeculectomies. In two
      such patients, the dell progressed to a deep corneal ulcer, although in most
      cases it healed uneventfully with minor changes in therapy. The use of topical
      prednisolone acetate during the postoperative period may also contribute to
      dellen formation by inhibiting corneal epithelial wound healing. However, the
      most important factor predisposing to dellen formation was poor tear-film
      integrity adjacent to the bleb. The secretion of the aqueous tears seemed to have
      little or no effect on dellen formation. Almost all dellen occurred in eyes with
      large filtering blebs.

PMID- 6830489
TI  - Bilateral blindness in temporal arteritis with skip areas.
AB  - A 73-year-old woman received systemic corticosteroids for suspected temporal
      arteritis after blindness developed in the right eye during the previous day.
      Because a right temporal artery biopsy specimen was reported as normal, a
      diagnosis of arteriosclerotic ischemic optic neuropathy was made and the
      corticosteroid therapy was discontinued. Two weeks later the patient rapidly lost
      vision in her left eye. A left temporal artery biopsy specimen showed
      granulomatous arteritis adjacent to normal artery (skip area). Deeper sections of
      the original right temporal artery biopsy specimen also demonstrated a small
      focus of granulomatous arteritis adjacent to normal artery. In patients with
      suspected temporal arteritis, numerous step sections of a long segment of
      temporal artery should be examined; if the results are normal, the contralateral
      temporal artery should be studied. A nonspecific inflammatory reaction within or
      adjacent to the artery should alert the pathologist to the possible presence of a
      nearby focus of granulomatous arteritis.

PMID- 6830490
TI  - Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis associated with soft contact lens wear.
AB  - Four cosmetic soft contact lens wearers experienced lens intolerance and mild
      irritative symptoms. All four displayed changes suggestive of those seen in
      superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with papillary hypertrophy and inflammation
      of the upper tarsus, superior tarsal and bulbar conjunctival fluorescein
      staining, superior limbal hypertrophy, and upper corneal punctate staining. Three
      of the four conditions resolved with discontinuance of lens wear alone; the
      fourth improved, but there was persistence of mild upper bulbar conjunctival and
      corneal staining for two years. No common causative contact lens-related factors
      were obvious in the four. Three of the patients were subsequently able to resume
      lens wear on a modified basis.

PMID- 6830491
TI  - Prevalence of myopia in the United States.
AB  - Data from the 1971 to 1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were
      used to estimate myopia prevalence rates for persons in the United States between
      the ages of 12 and 54 years. When persons were classified by the refractive
      status of their right eye, 25% were myopic. Significantly lower prevalence rates
      were found for male subjects than for female subjects and for blacks than for
      whites. Myopia prevalence rose with family income and educational level. The
      importance of income and educational level may result from their association with
      near work, a factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopia.

PMID- 6830493
TI  - Incidence of misdiagnosed and unsuspected choroidal melanomas. A 50-year
      experience.
AB  - The eye pathology files at Ohio State University, Columbus, were examined for a
      50-year period to determine the percentage of misdiagnosis of uveal melanomas in
      three separate time periods (1931 through 1959, 1960 through 1969, and 1970
      through 1981) and the percentage of unsuspected melanomas during these same
      periods. Of 395 eyes enucleated for choroidal melanoma, 369 had clear media.
      Histologic examination of these eyes showed that 13 (3.5%) did not contain a
      melanoma. The incidence of misdiagnosis decreased from 10.9% in 1931 through 1959
      to 1.7% in 1960 through 1981. Of 411 choroidal melanomas present on histologic
      examination, 37 (9%) were unsuspected. All had opaque media. This percentage,
      when categorized by the aforementioned periods, decreased from 19.6% to 13.3% to
      2.4%, respectively. These results confirm the reliability of indirect
      ophthalmoscopy, widely used since the 1960s, in the diagnosis of melanoma in the
      presence of clear media and the reliability of ultrasonography, used since 1970,
      in the diagnosis of melanoma in eyes with opaque media.

PMID- 6830494
TI  - Hereditary posterior microphthalmos with papillomacular fold and high hyperopia.
AB  - Five patients had a bilateral hereditary ocular syndrome composed of posterior
      microphthalmos with a papillomacular fold and high hyperopia. Anterior segment
      dimensions were near normal; the vitreous compartment was markedly fore
      shortened. A papillomacular retinal fold extending from the center of the fovea
      toward the optic nerve head was present. Visual acuity ranged from 0.05 (20/400)
      to 0.6 (20/33); refractive errors ranged from + 11.25 to + 17.50 diopters. An
      autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is postulated.

PMID- 6830495
TI  - Episcleral and orbital pseudorheumatoid nodules.
AB  - Pseudorheumatoid nodules are subcutaneous necrobiotic granulomas that are
      histopathologically similar or identical to those seen with rheumatoid arthritis,
      granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, and systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Although these nodules are most common in children, they are also
      seen in adults and are usually located on the extremities and scalp. Eyelid and
      eyebrow involvement is seen infrequently. We histopathologically verified
      episcleral and orbital pseudorheumatoid nodules in an adult with eyelid and
      eyebrow nodules. Pseudorheumatoid nodules must be included in the differential
      diagnosis of subconjunctival mass lesions that may concomitantly involve the
      orbit, episclera, and periocular region.

PMID- 6830492
TI  - Specular microscopy in pars plana vitrectomy.
AB  - A prospective study of endothelial cell loss following pars plana vitrectomy and
      pars plana vitrectomy with lensectomy was performed in 21 eyes. Fifteen diabetic
      patients had either vitrectomy alone or vitrectomy with lensectomy. Six
      nondiabetic eyes were also included in this study. The average cell loss was
      between 2.3% and 3.9% in all cases. This difference was not statistically
      significant from the preoperative measurements of endothelial cell counts. These
      data suggest that pars plana vitrectomy does not result in significant
      endothelial cell loss, especially when eyes remain phakic or when the anterior
      capsule is maintained until the end of the case.

PMID- 6830496
TI  - Presenile cataracts in phenytoin-treated epileptic patients.
AB  - Cataracts developed in two young adults who were receiving prolonged
      antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbital sodium and phenytoin sodium. The known
      side effects of these drugs are serious and varied, and phenytoin is strongly
      implicated in the etiology of cataracts in human beings. Results of our research
      study on rats supported our view on the cataractogenic action of phenytoin.

PMID- 6830497
TI  - Simplified technique for placement of Watzke's sleeve in scleral buckling
      procedures.

PMID- 6830498
TI  - Aponeurosis disinsertion in congenital entropion.
AB  - Lower lid retractor aponeurosis disinsertion is a well-recognized etiologic
      factor in many involutional entropion cases, but to our knowledge it has not
      previously been reported as a cause of congenital entropion. Four congenitally
      entropic lower eyelids in three patients with no history of birth trauma were all
      found to have retractor disinsertion during exploratory procedures. All four
      eyelids were surgically corrected by reinserting the retractors to the inferior
      tarsal margin. Detailed histologic studies of orbicularis oculi muscle fibers in
      two cases showed no evidence of fiber hypertrophy. This finding refutes the
      commonly accepted concept of orbicularis muscle hypertrophy as an etiologic
      mechanism of congenital entropion.

PMID- 6830499
TI  - Complete and core vitrectomies in the treatment of experimental posterior
      penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey. I. Clinical features.
AB  - A controlled trial of pars plana vitrectomy for posterior penetrating eye injury
      was done in a group of rhesus monkeys to compare the results of limited (core)
      and complete vitrectomies performed one day and two weeks after injury. Although
      core vitrectomy was technically easier and led to fewer operative complications,
      the frequency of traction retinal detachment was significantly higher than after
      a complete vitrectomy. There was no significant difference between eyes operated
      on one day or two weeks after injury.

PMID- 6830500
TI  - Complete and core vitrectomies in the treatment of experimental posterior
      penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey. II. Histologic features.

PMID- 6830501
TI  - Specular microscopy of corneal epithelium.
AB  - Specular microscopy was used to study the morphologic appearance of normal and
      regenerating rabbit corneal epithelium before and after corneal abrasion or
      heptanol application. Specular photomicrographs of the denuded area and healing
      epithelium were taken for two to three weeks as the epithelium regenerated, as
      well as prior to trauma. During the healing process the cells appeared much
      larger than normal and had an abnormal morphologic appearance. In addition,
      specular photomicrographs of the corneal epithelium in topically anesthetized
      human subjects were obtained. These results indicate that this method is suitable
      for diagnostic observation and clinical research in human subjects, as well
      animal experimentation.

PMID- 6830502
TI  - Detection of toxoplasmal antigen and antibody in ocular fluids in experimental
      ocular toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect intraocular toxoplasmal
      antigen and antitoxoplasmal IgG antibodies in a rabbit model of experimental
      ocular toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmal antigen could be detected in the vitreous humor
      of the infected eye at the height of clinical activity of the lesion.
      Antitoxoplasmal IgG antibodies were detected in the aqueous and vitreous humors
      of the infected eyes five weeks following the onset of toxoplasmic
      retinochoroiditis.

PMID- 6830504
TI  - Perfluoro-n-butane. A gas for a maximum duration retinal tamponade.
AB  - The behavior of the gas perfluoro-n-butane (C4F10) in the rabbit vitreous
      suggests that the gas might be useful as a long-term intravitreal tamponade in
      retinal detachment surgery. Perfluoro-n-butane was found to expand more and
      remain in the eye longer than any gas previously reported. A 0.3-mL bubble
      expanded five times and displaced the entire rabbit vitreous in three days. The
      volume of the bubble began to shrink after one week, but still filled more than
      half the eye at three weeks. The time for total disappearance was more than three
      months.

PMID- 6830505
TI  - Hemolytic complement activity in aqueous humor.
AB  - Hemolytic C1, C4, C3, and C5 and IgG levels were measured in aqueous humor
      obtained at surgery from human eyes without inflammation or previous surgery
      (group 1), eyes with previous surgery (group 2), and eyes with anterior uveitis
      (group 3). Serum hemolytic complement and IgG levels were also compared with
      aqueous humor levels. Aqueous humor from eyes in group 1 contained functional C1,
      C4, C3, and C5, but there was relatively little complement in normal aqueous
      humor when compared with serum. The mean values of all complement components and
      IgG in aqueous humor increased from groups 1 to 3; aqueous-serum ratios for each
      complement component and IgG also increased from groups 1 to 3. Eyes in group 3
      had the highest complement and IgG levels and in some cases these values
      approached those found in serum.

PMID- 6830503
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins and uveitis.
AB  - Sixty-two percent of 975 uveitis patients had a statistically significant
      elevation in the levels of one or more of three serum immunoglobulins. The
      percentage of cases of above-normal values was greatest for IgM (43.8%), followed
      by IgA (34.0%), and then by IgG (11.9%). There was no statistically significant
      difference in immunoglobulin values obtained for one diagnosis as compared with
      all others, except for men with HLA-B27. They had a higher percent of elevated
      IgM values than men with all other diagnoses. Testing for immunoglobulins is of
      little or no value in the etiologic diagnosis of a single case of uveitis, but
      may be of value in research studies to better understand its pathogenesis.

PMID- 6830506
TI  - Damage to the epithelial basement membrane in the corneas of diabetic rabbits.
AB  - Epithelial healing problems and basement membrane abnormalities have been
      observed in the corneas of patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study the
      rates of corneal epithelial wound healing following transcorneal freezing (with a
      6-mm-diameter probe cooled in liquid nitrogen) were compared in diabetic (alloxan
      induced) and nondiabetic rabbits. Also compared was the extent of injury to the
      epithelial basement membrane between the two groups. The overall rate of wound
      healing was faster in the diabetic animals; the wounds closed at 40 hours after
      freezing in diabetic animals and at 45 hours after in the nondiabetic controls.
      The lamina densa of the basement membrane was removed by the freezing procedure
      in two thirds of the diabetic animals but not in any of the controls. The results
      of this study indicate that epithelial healing problems in diabetes may be
      related to damage to the basement membrane, with resulting poor adhesion of
      regenerating epithelial cells.

PMID- 6830507
TI  - Host tolerance of homologous fascia lata in retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - The use of homologous fascia lata in ocular surgery has been frequently
      questioned in regard to its host tolerance. Our electron microscopic examination
      of homologous fascia lata grafts up to 19 years old, which had been implanted as
      scleral buckling elements, showed no gross or microscopic histologic changes.
      Late infection, migration, and erosion were virtually nonexistent in comparison
      with other series using synthetic buckling materials. Therefore, homologous
      fascia lata is ideally tolerated and the most perfect scleral buckling material
      currently available.

PMID- 6830508
TI  - Radial keratotomy. Effect on cornea and aqueous humor physiology in the rabbit.
AB  - Radial keratotomy may cause anatomical damage to the rabbit corneal endothelium.
      To determine if physiological and functional alterations occur, radial keratotomy
      was performed on rabbit corneas using eight incisions with sparing of a 3.5-mm
      central pupillary area. Cornea endothelial membrane permeabilities were
      determined at various times up to ten weeks following the procedure using
      simultaneous flux determinations of tritiated inulin and dextran labeled with
      radioactive carbon on isolated corneas. At all times after radial keratotomy,
      there was no probable physiologically important change in corneal endothelial
      permeability to either of the labeled compounds. Fluorophotometry performed in a
      second group of animals at varying intervals following radial keratotomy showed
      no probable physiologically important change in endothelial fluorescein
      permeability. Aqueous humor turnover rate was reduced 16% and 29% at one week and
      nine to ten weeks, respectively, following radial keratotomy.

PMID- 6830509
TI  - Conjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 6830510
TI  - Full-thickness mucous membrane transplant for severe keratitis sicca.

PMID- 6830511
TI  - Optic neuritis: mechanism of induction by dual antigen complex.

PMID- 6830512
TI  - Radial keratotomy.

PMID- 6830514
TI  - To freeze, or not to . . ..

PMID- 6830513
TI  - Thyroid tumor imaging.
AB  - Clinical assessment of a patient with a focal or diffuse thyroid tumor is but the
      first step in diagnostic evaluation. The diagnostic imaging process augments
      information obtained by the inspecting eye and the palpating hand; it allows the
      qualification (for example, cystic v solid) and the quantification (for example,
      size, extension, and assessment of physiologic function) of the thyroid tumor
      mass. This diagnostic input allows the establishment of a more realistic
      provisional diagnosis and directs a rational treatment approach to the patient.
      This presentation reviews the major imaging modalities available for thyroid
      tumor evaluation: diagnostic ultrasound, radionuclide scans, and conventional
      radiology and computed tomography. The applications of these various modalities
      and their critical potentials and limitations are placed in a contemporary
      clinical setting. It is hoped that an increasing familiarity with these imaging
      modalities will give better direction to the specialist in otolaryngology--head
      and neck surgery and greater surgical benefit to his or her patients.

PMID- 6830515
TI  - Evaluation of frozen section in parotid gland surgery.
AB  - One hundred eight patients underwent primary parotid gland resections at Stanford
      University Medical Center between 1977 and 1980. Sixty-nine percent of the
      patients received intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis. Of these, 81% were
      benign and 19% were malignant. Four patients who received frozen-section
      diagnosis benefited by further surgery during the initial procedure. Two of four
      patients who did not receive frozen-section diagnosis could have benefited by
      further surgery. False-negative results (a malignant tumor called benign on
      frozen-section diagnosis) occurred in 5%. False-positive results (a benign lesion
      called malignant on frozen-section diagnosis) did not occur and no unnecessary
      surgery was performed.

PMID- 6830516
TI  - The nerve-muscle pedicle. A visual, electromyographic, and histochemical study.
AB  - The nerve-muscle pedicle was studied in dogs using visual, electromyographic, and
      histochemical means. All methods failed to show evidence of reinnervation. It
      would appear that the nerve-muscle pedicle operative procedure causes fibrosis
      and lateral displacement of the vocal cord with a subsequent improvement in the
      airway. It thus functions as a minimal arytenoidopexy.

PMID- 6830517
TI  - Lateral rhinotomy. Indications, technique, and review of 226 patients.
AB  - Lateral rhinotomy provides excellent exposure of the interior of the nose, the
      paranasal sinuses, and the nasopharynx with minimal postoperative deformity. A
      review of 226 lateral rhinotomies performed at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn,
      from 1970 through 1979, was made to determine the versatility of this incision
      and some of its limitations and risks. The suitability of this technique to
      approach the wide variety of pathologic conditions that occur in the midfacial
      structures was reaffirmed.

PMID- 6830519
TI  - What to do about computers.

PMID- 6830520
TI  - Sensorineural hearing loss in posttraumatic incus dislocation.
AB  - In 34 posttraumatic incus dislocations, the initial sensorineural hearing loss
      (primary) after the trauma and that 11 years after trauma (late) were analyzed.
      Primary hearing loss measurements following the trauma showed that 53% of
      patients had sensorineural hearing loss of more than 10 dB for at least one of
      the frequencies from 1,000 to 4,000 cps, 18% for more than 30 dB. For late
      hearing loss after the trauma, the corresponding percentages were 50% and 15%,
      respectively. No reliable progression of the posttraumatic sensorineural hearing
      loss was found, although a few exceptions were seen. It may be concluded that
      sensorineural hearing loss is not a progressive disorder of the inner ear.

PMID- 6830518
TI  - Applications of carbon dioxide laser surgery and radiation. A preliminary report.
AB  - Ten patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinomas of the upper
      airway were treated with a combination of carbon dioxide laser surgery and
      radiation therapy to evaluate the tolerance to rapid sequencing of both
      modalities in a variety of clinical situations. Other considerations were to
      accurately stage infiltrating tumors, to provide cytoreduction for T3 and T4
      tumors, and to facilitate the optimal placement of intracavitary radium
      applicators. Because of minimal postoperative pain or dysfunction associated with
      the laser, patients were able to receive irradiation considerably sooner than
      with conventional surgery. Local tolerance was good to excellent in seven of the
      ten patients treated and, based on preliminary results, the combination would
      appear to offer advantages in curative approaches to advanced head and neck
      tumors.

PMID- 6830521
TI  - Organ culture of the crista ampullaris of the embryonic guinea pig.
AB  - The embryonic inner ear of the guinea pig was cultured one to ten days in vitro.
      The explantation occurred on the 30th and 40th gestational days, respectively.
      Hair cells were found in various stages of cytodifferentiation. Both hair cells
      and supporting cells were ultrastructurally preserved at the end of the period in
      vitro. The gross morphologic features of the crista ampullaris were still
      immature. The embryonic inner ear of the guinea pig can be maintained in organ
      culture until at least as late as the 46th gestational day.

PMID- 6830524
TI  - Clinical masking in word discrimination testing.

PMID- 6830523
TI  - Nasal polyposis with invasion into the orbit.
AB  - Proptosis of the left eye developed in a 51-year-old man with a long history of
      nasal polyposis. Displacement of the orbit was associated with a palpable mass
      superior and lateral to the orbit. Roentgenographic studies, including a sinus
      series, computed tomographic scan, and axial tomogram of the left orbit, showed a
      soft-tissue mass in the superolateral compartment of the left orbit and left
      frontal sinus, suggesting a mucocele. The surgical and pathological findings
      disclosed polyps of the frontal sinus invading the orbit through a dehiscence of
      the lateral orbital roof. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of
      invasion of frontal sinus polyp into the orbit through the superolateral wall.

PMID- 6830522
TI  - Computed tomography in penetrating wounds of the orbit with retained foreign
      bodies.
AB  - Penetrating wounds of the orbit can have serious immediate and delayed effects on
      the eye and the CNS. Infection, vessel erosion, or interference with ocular
      function necessitates removal of the foreign object. Precise localization of the
      retained material and its relationship to the globe, extraocular muscles, optic
      nerve, and brain is essential, when surgery is contemplated. We describe two
      children with retained foreign bodies that required removal. Computed tomography
      (CT) was essential in one instance in planning the surgical approach. In the
      other patient, the retained foreign body and an associated brain abscess were
      recognized only by CT. The contribution of CT to the assessment of retained
      foreign bodies is discussed and its present limits are defined. Computed
      tomography is highly recommended as the single most informative diagnostic
      modality for this type of injury.

PMID- 6830526
TI  - Tracheotomy tube replacement.

PMID- 6830525
TI  - The neurotologic approach to acoustic neuromas: 'What's in a name?'.

PMID- 6830527
TI  - Human frequency-specific whole-nerve response by use of frequency-modulated tone.
AB  - Based on the results of animal experiments performed previously, a human study of
      the compound action potential (AP) to frequency-modulated (FM) tone was achieved,
      using the transtympanic electrode, in order to obtain frequency-specific APs.
      Clearly recognizable responses were elicited by a downward shift of 20% in the
      frequency of a 515-, 1 150- or 2 230-Hz pure tone (with a slight amplitude
      increase). The latency for each frequency was investigated at different
      intensities. The latency is greater for lower-frequency tones and, as in the
      animal experiments, this latency increase agrees with the traveling delay for the
      intensity range used in this study. The latency-intensity curves of the three
      frequencies do not tend to converge with increase in the intensity of the tone.
      The latency at moderate intensity is similar to that for the short tone burst at
      threshold intensity. These findings suggest that the FM tone in downward
      direction can be a frequency-specific stimulus even at relatively high
      intensities. Combined use of the tone burst (low intensity) and this FM tone
      (high intensity) may be useful in clinical tests.

PMID- 6830528
TI  - Relationships among auditory brain stem responses, masking level differences and
      the acoustic reflex in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We report the results of a study in which we compared auditory brain stem
      responses (ABR), the binaural masking level difference (MLD) for a 500-Hz pure
      tone and acoustic reflexes in 20 patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis. Our
      intent was to determine whether abnormalities in the three measures were related
      or whether they varied independently. The results indicated that the size of the
      MLD varied with the integrity of wave III of the ABR. When the ABR was abnormal
      to the extent of lacking wave III on one or both ears, there was no release from
      masking and the crossed acoustic reflex was abnormal, as well. The sensitivity of
      the MLD to retrocochlear disorder was comparable to that of ABR, and was greater
      than that provided by speech audiometry or acoustic reflexes.

PMID- 6830529
TI  - Auditory middle-latency responses in humans.
AB  - Middle-latency responses (MLR) in humans were studied using an unconventional
      recording technique with wide bandpass filters. Such filtering permitted
      simultaneous recording of the auditory brain stem response (ABR) thus
      facilitating comparisons between the two responses. Effects of sedation (chloral
      hydrate and diazepam), stimulus-related properties and the coronal distribution
      of MLRs were examined. Mild sedatives did not appear to affect either MLRs or
      ABRs. MLRs differed from ABRs in their stimulus-related properties, implying that
      the neuronal mechanisms underlying their generation are not the same. The
      amplitude of the MLR component, Pa, was largest at the vertex and symmetrically
      distributed over the temporal lobes. MLR components Na and Pa and ABR wave V were
      reliably obtained in all subjects at moderate and high stimulus intensities. At
      low stimulus levels, however, the detectability of wave V was more robust than
      the middle-latency components. Thus ABR appears to be the test of choice when
      hearing sensitivity is in question. MLRs are likely to be most clinically useful
      in patients with neurological or central auditory processing disorders.

PMID- 6830530
TI  - Lateralization, impedance, auditory brain stem response and synthetic sentence
      audiometry in brain stem disorders.
AB  - Applied individually, the conventional audiometric tests are unsatisfactory in
      the diagnosis of retrocochlear disorders. An accurate identification of a
      retrocochlear lesion, however, is not always possible using a single test, and
      only an appropriate test battery provides the basis for correct prediction of a
      retrocochlear lesion. Because of this observation, lateralization tests,
      impedance studies, auditory brain stem responses and speech audiometry with
      synthetic sentences have been applied to patients affected with retrocochlear
      disorders (acute nucleoreticular vestibular syndrome, multiple sclerosis and
      focal lesions). Analysis of the results has demonstrated the value of the tests
      employed, but the various tests were not strongly correlated and are therefore
      complementary.

PMID- 6830532
TI  - The masking of tinnitus with pure tones.
AB  - The tinnitus of 32 subjects was studied. The tinnitus in each subject was matched
      to tones and bands of noise. Tones were then used to determine masking curves.
      Four types of masking curves were found. These types are similar to those
      previously reported. The findings also supported previous studies where tinnitus
      masking curves were found to differ significantly from conventional masking
      curves. Audiometric curves were grouped according to severity of hearing loss in
      order to determine whether subjects with similar threshold curves had similar
      masking curves. Similarities were noted in only one group: those with the least
      hearing loss. The relation between masking curves and the success of masking
      therapy is discussed.

PMID- 6830534
TI  - Experimental study on the effect of inferior colliculus lesions upon auditory
      brain stem response.
AB  - The relationship between the activity of the inferior colliculus and each
      component of the auditory brain stem response (ABR) was investigated in rats
      using an electrical coagulation method. The ABR seems to be a composite of slow
      and fast waves, and the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus is more
      important for the slow wave than for the fast waves. There was little effect on
      the shape and latency of the fast waves of the ABR when the destruction was
      limited to the central nucleus. When the lesion was extended to or located in the
      lateroventral part of the inferior colliculus, where the nerve fibers of the
      lateral lemniscus penetrate into the inferior colliculus, potentials 5 and 6 were
      abolished, but potential 4 remained with a slightly prolonged latency. These
      findings suggest that the structures peripheral to the inferior colliculus play
      an important role for the generation of potential 4, and the inferior colliculus,
      particularly its lateroventral part, is essential for generation of potentials 5
      and 6.

PMID- 6830531
TI  - Lipid levels in patients with sudden deafness of unknown aetiology.

PMID- 6830533
TI  - Development of speech-audiometric materials for native Spanish-speaking adults.
AB  - The lack of valid and reliable Spanish speech audiometry materials constitutes an
      important clinical problem. Such tests necessitate the construction of
      appropriate materials. Analysis of English and Spanish literature on speech
      audiometry led to the identification of guidelines for new test materials in the
      Spanish language. Test lists were devised, recorded and used to evaluate 10
      normal-hearing native Spanish-speaking subjects. The results obtained led to a
      final set of recorded lists. Boston College Auditory Test lists may be used
      successfully with Spanish-speaking patients. The current study should provide the
      impetus and sufficient guidelines upon which speech stimuli in other languages
      may be constructed.

PMID- 6830535
TI  - Two bottles on the doorstep: a parable.

PMID- 6830536
TI  - 'Doctor, my husband is unconscious'.

PMID- 6830537
TI  - Cautionary tales from general practice. Ignorance is not bliss.

PMID- 6830538
TI  - Middle of the night emergencies: pathophysiology and implications.

PMID- 6830539
TI  - The role of the receptionist in the emergency call.

PMID- 6830540
TI  - Caudal epidural anaesthesia.

PMID- 6830541
TI  - The life threatening emergency.

PMID- 6830542
TI  - Female doctors in Victoria in 1980.

PMID- 6830543
TI  - Mary's having trouble breathing.

PMID- 6830545
TI  - Hemimelia and low marking percentage in a flock of Merino ewes and lambs.
AB  - Hemimelia at a prevalence of 11% of lambs marked, and low marking percentage
      (51%) was observed in a flock of mixed age Merino ewes and their lambs. Hemimelia
      occurred in one or 2 limbs of affected lambs. Lambs from other flocks on the farm
      were unaffected, and the condition was not reported from other farms. The
      condition had not occurred in the past, and has not recurred. No infectious or
      hereditary factors were implicated in the aetiology of the condition. Grazing
      Western Australian Blue Lupin stubble by the affected flock during and after
      joining was the only known difference between this flock and others on the farm.

PMID- 6830544
TI  - Observations on the effect of electro-immobilisation on the dehorning of cattle.
AB  - A group of cattle was dehorned while restrained with an electro-immobiliser. The
      level of stress was evaluated by measuring serum cortisol and comparisons made
      with alternative handling methods. Serum cortisol levels rose significantly in
      groups that were dehorned compared with non-dehorned controls, but no significant
      difference was noted between groups dehorned using local anaesthesia, electro
      immobilisation, or no pre-treatment. The degree of haemorrhage resulting from
      dehorning was not significantly different between the groups. It was concluded
      that the immobiliser may be painful on application and should not be relied upon
      to produce analgesia.

PMID- 6830548
TI  - The rate of D-xylose absorption in normal cats.

PMID- 6830547
TI  - Haematology of horses with phycomycosis.

PMID- 6830546
TI  - Field observations on body strike in sheep affected with dermatophilosis and
      fleece-rot.

PMID- 6830549
TI  - Haematology of pastured horses in tropical Queensland.

PMID- 6830551
TI  - Electrogustometric investigations during manned space flight.

PMID- 6830552
TI  - Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury.
AB  - Impact velocity and chest compression are important factors in traumatic injury;
      however, there is no functional relationship to assess impact severity. A blunt
      thoracic impact of constant velocity (5-22 m/s) and prescribed contact
      displacement (3-46 mm) was delivered to 123 anesthetized rabbits. Myocardial and
      major vascular injury increased from contusion to rupture with cardiac tamponade
      and sudden death as either impact velocity or chest compression was independently
      increased. A theoretical relationship was found for impact severity: IS=VC/1-C,
      where V and C are impact velocity and normalized chest compression. Based on the
      frequency of critical/fatal injury, probit analysis gave IS=6.4 m/s as an
      estimate of the ED50 response in the experimental model.

PMID- 6830550
TI  - Heritable bone fragility, joint laxity and dysplastic dentin in Friesian calves:
      a bovine syndrome of osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - A lethal syndrome of bone fragility, joint laxity, translucent teeth and other
      connective tissue defects occurred in Victoria in 37 of 84 progeny of a
      clinically normal, registered Friesian bull between 1978 and 1981. Test matings
      to unrelated cows indicated that the syndrome was transmitted as an autosomal
      dominant trait. Affected calves were readily recognized at birth by pink teeth
      and abnormal posture. At birth 14 of 19 affected calves examined had rib
      fractures and 4 of these calves also had fractures of long bones. Spontaneous
      fractures of long bones also occurred in 5 of the 11 calves which survived for
      more than 10 days. Hypoplasia of dentin, tendons, and ligaments were observed in
      all cases at necropsy. Osteopenia was only observed at necropsy in older calves.
      Histological lesions of bone and teeth were similar to those reported in
      descriptions of osteogenesis imperfecta with dentinogenesis imperfecta in man.
      The syndrome is provisionally designated as "bovine osteogenesis imperfecta".
      Semen has been collected from the progenitor bull to enable further
      investigations of this heritable collagenous tissue dysplasia.

PMID- 6830553
TI  - Metabolic effects of facial cooling in exercise.
AB  - Metabolic responses to facial cooling during prolonged exercise was investigated
      in five male subjects. Exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50 rpm for 1 h at 60%
      maximal heart rate was performed twice, once with cold wind (10 degrees C, 6.5 m
      . s-1) and once without. Resting experiments were conducted under identical
      conditions. Facial cooling apparently had no effect on plasma FFA or glucose
      concentration during exercise but did, however, result in significantly (p less
      than 0.05) greater fat utilization, as indicated by lower respiratory exchange
      ratios at 60 min of exercise. The respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate
      concentration, oxygen consumption, and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption at
      5 min of exercise were higher with facial cooling. The results suggest that
      metabolic changes occur with facial cooling that are related to a general
      thermoregulatory response and that the stress of exercise is greater with facial
      cooling.

PMID- 6830554
TI  - Does heat acclimation lower the rate of metabolism elicited by muscular exercise?
AB  - Heat acclimation has been suggested to either lower or have no effect on the rate
      of metabolism (M) elicited by muscular exercise. The purpose of the present
      investigation (Study I) was to examine the effect heat acclimation has on the M
      (W . kg-1 or VO2 in ml . kg-1 . min-1) elicited by muscular exercise. Two
      additional investigations were evaluated to determine if season (summer or
      winter) of year (Study II) and subject gender (Study III) further influence the
      effect heat acclimation has on M during exercise. Volunteers for Study I (n = 15
      men), II (n = 8 men), and III (n = 10 men and 9 women) completed standardized
      treadmill walks in hot (40 degrees C, 30% rh or 49 degrees C, 20% rh) and cool
      (20 degrees C, 40% rh) environments immediately before and after heat
      acclimation. After heat acclimation, a lower M was observed for Study I (-4%; p
      less than 0.05), II (-2%; N.S.) and III (-3%; p = 0.06) in the hot environments.
      In addition, after heat acclimation a lower M was observed for Study I (-3%; p =
      0.08), II (-5%; p less than 0.05) and III (-6%; p less than 0.05) in the cool
      environment. Season of year and subject gender did not have a significant effect
      on these results. These data indicate that heat acclimation does lower the M
      elicited by exercise. The observed percent decrease was lower in the hot (-3%)
      than cool (-5%) test environments.

PMID- 6830556
TI  - The moon illusion revisited.
AB  - In two experiments, the apparent size of a simulated horizon moon was measured as
      a function of the location of visible texture in the natural vistas against which
      it appeared. Size was found to increase as the visible scene extended farther
      into the distance and to decrease as the moon rose above the vista of surface
      texture. In the second experiment, the observers' eye accommodation distances to
      various scenes were also measured with a laser optometer, and after appropriate
      transformations, size judgments were found to correlate 0.89 with measured
      accommodation values, thereby suggesting the hypothesis that the fabled moon
      illusion is mediated by the oculomotor adjustments of visual accommodation.

PMID- 6830555
TI  - The dynamics of vertical eye movements in normal human subjects.
AB  - We studied the dynamics of horizontal and vertical slow eye movements
      (vestibular, optokinetic, pursuit, and visual-vestibular) in 10 normal human
      subjects. Several differences between horizontal and vertical eye movements were
      found. The time constant (time required for the slow-phase eye velocity to decay
      to 37% of the peak value) of vertical postrotatory nystagmus (PRN) was, on
      average, 50% as long as the time constant of horizontal PRN; the mean phase lead
      of per-rotatory nystagmus during low-frequency sinusoidal rotation in the
      vertical plane was approximately twice the mean phase lead of per-rotatory
      nystagmus at the same frequency in the horizontal plane. Vertical optokinetic
      after-nystagmus (OKAN) was minimal compared to horizontal OKAN. Asymmetries in
      the dynamics of vertical eye movements were also noted. The mean time constant of
      PRN with upward slow phases was consistently longer than the mean time constant
      of PRN with downward slow phases and vertical OKAN only occurred when the
      optokinetic stimulus moved upward. Upward pursuit was better than downward
      pursuit and upward slow phases of vestibular nystagmus were poorly inhibited with
      fixation while downward slow phases were normally inhibited.

PMID- 6830558
TI  - Isometric muscle force response of the human lower limb.
AB  - This paper deals with isometric muscle force response of the human lower limb
      when the leg is subjected to various external forces applied on the knee and
      ankle joints. The major components of the research apparatus are a subject
      restraint system, a force application device which employs three sonic emitters,
      and an upper leg cuff with four sonic emitters. The sonic emitters are used to
      determine the direction and the location of the force application on the lower
      limb and the orientation of the upper leg with respect to the torso. The
      numerical results are presented from experiments conducted on three male and
      three female subjects to determine their isometric muscle resistance against
      external forces trying to dislodge their lower limbs from several initial
      configurations. Quantitative results on the isometric muscle force capability of
      the subjects, when their lower limbs are dislodged from the initial stowed
      position, are also presented. It is concluded that, although there are intra- and
      inter-subject variations for the maximum values of the resistive muscle forces of
      the lower limb, there are some trends in the behavior of their magnitudes.
      Incorporating the results of the present research into multi-segmented models of
      the human body should improve the long-time response capabilities of these models
      so that they can simulate more realistically the biodynamic events which take
      place when the human body is subjected to high magnitudes of external forces
      lasting more than a fraction of a second.

PMID- 6830557
TI  - Perceived orientation in free-fall depends on visual, postural, and architectural
      factors.
AB  - In orbital flight and in the free-fall phase of parabolic flight, feelings of
      inversion of self and spacecraft, or aircraft, are often experienced (2,3). We
      show here that perceived orientation in free-fall is dependent on the position of
      one's body in relation to the aircraft, the architectural features of the
      aircraft, and one's visual appreciation of the relative configurations of his
      body and the aircraft. Compelling changes in the apparent orientation of one's
      body and of the aircraft can be reliably and systematically induced by
      manipulating this relationship. Moreover, while free-floating in the absence of
      visual, touch, and pressure stimulation, all sense of orientation to the
      surroundings may be lost with only an awareness of the relative configuration of
      the body preserved (7). The absence of falling sensations during weightlessness
      points to the importance of visual and cognitive factors in eliciting such
      sensations.

PMID- 6830559
TI  - Acceleration-induced ventricular tachycardia in asymptomatic men: relation to
      mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6830561
TI  - Hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in applicants for flying training and
      aircrew.
AB  - Although blood pressure standards in aircrew members have been revised
      periodically over the past 70 years, hypertension still remains one of the most
      controversial problems in aviation medicine. Improved clinical knowledge and
      operational experience vindicate a more liberal attitude for acceptable blood
      pressure levels. Applicants for flying training presenting labile hypertension
      may be accepted. Also, experienced, older aircrew with benign hypertension
      controlled by drugs without adverse reactions and without target organ disease
      may remain on flying status. In order to avoid compromising flight safety, long
      term monitoring of flight crew for the diagnosis of hypertension together with
      the evaluation of anti-hypertensive drugs in aircrew is urgently required.

PMID- 6830560
TI  - A comparison of limb plethysmograph systems proposed for use on the space
      shuttle.
AB  - Comparisons of a Whitney mercury-filled double-stranded strain gauge with two
      plethysmographs proposed for Shuttle use--an ultrasound and an impedance
      plethysmograph--were performed on 20 subjects. An occlusive thigh pressure cuff,
      inflated to 50 mm Hg, caused partial venous occlusion and subsequent blood
      pooling distal to the cuff. The average maximum volume changes observed in the
      Whitney/ultrasound test were 2.07% and 3.35%, respectively, and 2.12% and 2.53%
      for the Whitney/impedance comparison. Applying the ratio of the maximum volume
      changes to the gain of each test system caused the impedance and ultrasound
      volume change determinations to be essentially identical to the Whitney gauge.
      The three different limb parameters measured result in significant magnitude
      differences but the three systems track their respective changes identically.

PMID- 6830562
TI  - Measurement of scoliosis by orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.
AB  - Minimum medical standards for USAF flying personnel have been compiled in Air
      Force Regulation 160-43. This regulation specifies the maximum allowable amount
      of scoliosis, but does not specify who should read the X-ray film to determine,
      using the Cobb method, the degree of curvature in scoliotic individuals. In the
      present study, an X-ray of an individual with mild scoliosis was sent to
      departments of radiology and orthopedics at major U.S. Armed Forces Medical
      Centers. Although the mean estimated degree of curvature was the same for both
      the orthopedists and the radiologists, the variance in the radiologists' replies
      was considerably higher than normally expected. It is, therefore, recommended
      that scoliosis films of individuals being screened for flying duties should be
      reviewed by a qualified orthopedic surgeon.

PMID- 6830564
TI  - 'What do you mean by depression?'--a study of the relationship between
      antidepressive activity and personal concepts of depression.

PMID- 6830563
TI  - Nicotine fading, self-monitoring and cigarette fading to produce cigarette
      abstinence or controlled smoking.

PMID- 6830565
TI  - Behaviour therapy for agoraphobic men.

PMID- 6830566
TI  - Behavioural treatment of obsessional-compulsive patients in routine clinical
      practice.

PMID- 6830567
TI  - Assertive training for agoraphobics.

PMID- 6830571
TI  - Preliminary exploration of worry: some characteristics and processes.

PMID- 6830570
TI  - A note on statistical inference in meta-analysis.

PMID- 6830569
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral treatment of agoraphobia: paradoxical intention vs self
      statement training.

PMID- 6830572
TI  - [Effect of loading on respiration mechanics in horses with healthy and with
      diseased lungs].

PMID- 6830573
TI  - [Use of a PgF2 alpha-A (analog) in combination with artificial insemination in
      cattle in the Rabat-Temara insemination district of Morocco].

PMID- 6830568
TI  - Visual and verbal modes of information processing and cognitively-based coping
      strategies: an extension and replication.

PMID- 6830575
TI  - [So-called "hair pestilence" in roes (Capreolus capreolus L.), a hair
      parakeratosis].

PMID- 6830574
TI  - [Renal amyloidosis as cause of thromboembolism in a dog].

PMID- 6830577
TI  - [Legal questions of the veterinary surgery contract].

PMID- 6830576
TI  - [Fatty acid patterns of crop milk and depot fat in domestic pigeons].

PMID- 6830578
TI  - [Use of dopamine for shock therapy in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 6830579
TI  - [Current problems of nutrition research and nutrition information].

PMID- 6830580
TI  - Nutrition education of the public by mass media in the USA.

PMID- 6830583
TI  - [Nutrition and arteriosclerosis--possibilities for prevention].

PMID- 6830582
TI  - [Nutritional education in France].

PMID- 6830581
TI  - [Aims and means of nutrition information in the Federal Republic of Germany].

PMID- 6830584
TI  - [Obesity: biological adaptation or disturbed energy transformation?].

PMID- 6830585
TI  - Terbium binding to neoplastic GH3 pituitary cells.
AB  - The fluorescent properties of terbium (Tb3+) were used to study the calcium
      (Ca2+) binding sites on GH3 pituitary tumor cells. The fluorescence emission of
      Tb3+ was enhanced with the binding of GH3 cells, accompanied by a red shift in
      its excitation maximum to resemble the excitation peak of the native cell
      fluorescence. The Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement increased with increasing
      concentrations of GH3 cell protein. Scatchard plots revealed at least two classes
      of Tb3+ binding sites on GH3 cells. The low and high affinity binding sites have
      apparent dissociation constants equal to 0.56 mM and 11 microM, respectively. The
      high affinity Tb3+ binding was displaced by Ca2+, but the more abundant low
      affinity site was not sensitive to Ca2+. The data suggest that GH3 cells possess
      a specific Ca2+ binding receptor on their plasma membrane.

PMID- 6830586
TI  - The role of the Gla domain in the activation of bovine coagulation factor X by
      the snake venom protein XCP.
AB  - The activation by XCP of coagulation factor X and a factor X species lacking the
      Gla-domain was studied in the presence and absence of Ca2+. Both proteins could
      be activated at low rates in the absence of Ca2+. The activation of the
      unmodified factor X was stimulated by the addition of Ca2+, whereas GD factor X
      activation was insensitive to Ca2+. The stimulatory effect of Ca2+ seen with the
      unmodified factor X correlated strongly with a calcium-dependent change in
      intrinsic protein fluorescence. This conformational change required the Gla
      domain as the fluorescence emission of GD factor X was the same with or without
      Ca2+. Fluorescence changes which accompanied activation were the same for both
      factor X and GD factor X. This suggests that the Gla-domain does not participate
      in the structural changes which accompany activation.

PMID- 6830588
TI  - Further study discounts role for singlet oxygen in fungal degradation of lignin
      model compounds.
AB  - This study reexamined our contention that singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a role in
      the fungal degradation of lignin (BBRC 102(1981)484). Cultures of Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium and a photochemical 1O2-generating system (riboflavin/light/O2)
      cleaved a lignin substructure model compound, 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3
      diol (I), by indistinguishable mechanisms. However, the rate of cleavage of I in
      D2O was the same as in H2O in the photochemical 1O2-generating system, indicating
      that 1O2 was not involved. Furthermore, products formed from I in a chemical
      system for generating 1O2 (H2O2 + NaOCl) differed from those produced by cultures
      or the photochemical system. It is concluded that 1O2 is not responsible for
      cleavage of I or related compounds in the fungal cultures or in the photochemical
      system.

PMID- 6830587
TI  - Purification and characterization of creatine kinase, an estrogen-induced uterine
      protein (IP) from immature rats.
AB  - An estrogen-responsive translational product, the induced protein (IP) first
      described by Notides and Gorski (8), was obtained solely from the target organ,
      immature rat uterus, and purified to homogeneity in a procedure using two
      chromatography steps. The purified IP has a molecular weight of 49,000, and the
      isoelectric point is 5.2. Creatine kinase activity is associated with the
      homogeneous IP. There are some differences between the uterine enzyme and the
      creatine kinase BB isoenzyme, including differences in stability, and sensitivity
      to mercaptans. Estrogen-induced creatine kinase purified by this simple,
      reproducible method is a useful antigen for further studies on the translation
      and transcription processes involved in hormone-modulated synthesis.

PMID- 6830589
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of the 2',5'-A4 tetramer analog, 2',5'-ppp3'dA(p3'dA)3, by
      rabbit reticulocyte lysates: binding and activation of the 2',5'-A eta dependent
      nuclease, hydrolysis of mRNA, and inhibition of protein synthesis.

PMID- 6830590
TI  - Calcium effects on prothrombin and its reaction with bifunctional alkylating
      reagents.
AB  - Monodisperse bovine prothrombin was prepared and its molecular states under
      several conditions examined. The protein showed no tendency to self-associate in
      the absence of calcium. Calcium (4 mM) caused small increases in the apparent
      molecular weight of the protein which may or may not represent protein
      dimerization with very low affinity. The allowed conclusion was that calcium
      induced prothrombin dimerization is minimal up to protein concentrations of many
      mg/ml. Calcium-induced protein shape changes did not measurably alter the protein
      diffusion constant. A bifunctional alkylating reagent did produce extensive
      calcium-dependent prothrombin crosslinking. Prothrombin dimers formed by the
      crosslinking agent were not a measure of the state of native prothrombin.

PMID- 6830592
TI  - The effect of luciferase and NADH:FMN oxidoreductase concentrations on the light
      kinetics of bacterial bioluminescence.
AB  - The effects of NADH:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase concentrations on the light
      kinetics of the bacterial bioluminescent reaction were investigated. Light
      emission with low decay rates was obtained by regulating the conversion of NADH
      to NAD+ by controlling oxidoreductase activity. Constant light emission can be
      obtained when the oxidoreductase activity is below 2.5 U/1 in the assay system.
      The luciferase concentration affects the light intensity but it has no effect on
      the decay rate of light emission. The substrate decanal and the end-products NAD+
      and capric acid had no effect on the light kinetics. The Michaelis constants of
      bacterial luciferase for FMNH2 and decanal were 3 X 10(-6) M and 8 X 10(-7) M,
      respectively, and those of oxidoreductase for FMN and NADH were 6.1 X 10(-6) M
      and 1.6 X 10(-5) M, respectively.

PMID- 6830591
TI  - Purification of tubulin from rat pancreas.

PMID- 6830593
TI  - Increased concentration of thymidine kinase in rat hepatomas.
AB  - Thymidine kinase was purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography from
      cytosol fraction of rat hepatoma 3924A. The enzyme had a Mr of 81,000 and was
      composed of two subunits of Mr = 44,000. Antiserum made against it neutralized
      the activities of thymidine kinase from both rat livers and hepatomas.
      Neutralization studies with the antiserum revealed that hepatic transformation
      resulted in 4-, 15- and 25-fold increase in the amount of cytosol thymidine
      kinase in hepatomas 16, 7787 and 3924A of slow, medium and fast growth rate,
      respectively.

PMID- 6830594
TI  - Temperature dependent conformational changes in calmodulin.
AB  - Calcium bound calmodulin undergoes a reversible conformational change in the
      temperature range (22-28 degrees C). The transition temperature depends upon the
      concentration of calcium bound to calmodulin. The transition occurs at higher
      temperature (28 degrees C) in fully Ca2+ bound calmodulin as compared to those
      with lower Ca2+ concentrations (22 degrees C). The sequence of filling the four
      Ca2+ binding sites is different for the two temperature dependent conformers.

PMID- 6830595
TI  - Inhibitory effects of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) on the
      ADP-stimulated aggregation of gel-filtered bovine blood platelets.
AB  - The effect of DIDS, a specific inhibitor of anion transport in the erythrocyte
      membrane, on the ADP-stimulated aggregation of gel-filtered bovine blood
      platelets was examined. Marked inhibition of aggregation was observed at
      concentrations of more than 5 x 10(-5)M DIDS. On preincubation with platelets for
      30 min, DIDS was more potent and significant inhibition was observed at
      concentrations of over 2 x 10(-7)M. Since ADP-stimulated aggregation of bovine
      gel-filtered platelets precedes the release reaction, these results suggest that
      an anion transport system in the plasma membrane is involved in platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 6830597
TI  - A simple and rapid method for the determination of the number of 3H-ouabain
      binding sites in biopsies of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6830596
TI  - Structural and biosynthetic studies on linkage region between
      poly(galactosylglycerol phosphate) and peptidoglycan in Bacillus coagulans.
AB  - The HF treatment of teichoic acid-glycopeptide complexes isolated from lysozyme
      digests of Bacillus coagulans AHU 1366 cell walls gave a disaccharide, glucosyl
      beta (1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosamine, along with dephosphorylated repeating
      units of the teichoic acid chain, galactosyl alpha (1 leads to 2) glycerol. Mild
      alkali treatment of the complexes yielded the disaccharide linked to
      glycopeptide, whereas direct heating of the cell walls at pH 2.5 yielded the same
      disaccharide linked to teichoic acid. The Smith degradation of the complexes
      revealed that the galactose residue is a component of backbone chain. Thus it is
      concluded that this disaccharide is involved in the linkage region between
      poly(galactosylglycerol phosphate) and peptidoglycan in cell walls. Membrane
      catalyzed synthesis of this disaccharide on a lipid followed by transfer of
      glycerol phosphate from CDP-glycerol to the disaccharide-linked lipid in the
      absence or in the presence of UDP-galactose also supports this conclusion.

PMID- 6830598
TI  - Identification of a calcium- and phospholipid- dependent phorbol ester binding
      activity in the soluble fraction of mouse tissues.
AB  - A soluble cytosolic protein which specifically and with high affinity binds tumor
      promoting phorbol ester tumor promoters was found in mouse tissues Calcium and
      phosphatidyl serine had to be included in the binding assay to obtain maximal
      binding activity by the soluble receptor. Soluble binding activity levels
      paralleled the levels of membrane associated binding activity with the soluble
      activity accounting for 27% to 80% of the total. Except the calcium and
      phospholipid requirement, no difference was found between the soluble and
      membrane associated receptors, suggesting that they are the same protein which
      can move between the soluble cytosol and cell membranes.

PMID- 6830599
TI  - Interaction of human intestinal and hepatoma alkaline phosphatases with
      immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA.
AB  - Possible interactions of human liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatases with
      Cibacron Blue F3GA were examined. The results indicated that the intestinal
      enzyme bound to the dye column whereas the liver enzyme did not. The affinity of
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase with the dye-ligand appeared to be biospecific,
      since a low concentration of purine nucleoside phosphates or potassium phosphate
      specifically reversed the binding. Taking advantage of the variant alkaline
      phosphatase from human hepatocellular cancer tissue to behave on the dye
      adsorbent in a similar fashion with the intestinal enzyme, it was purified by
      Cibacron Blue F3GA affinity chromatography, producing a 189-fold purification
      with a yield of 93%.

PMID- 6830601
TI  - The effect of pH on the rate of dissociation of the oxygenated beta chain
      tetramer of Hb A.
AB  - The effect of pH on the overall assembly of oxyhemoglobin A following mixing of
      equivalent concentrations of alpha and beta heme subunits has been studied in 0.1
      M potassium phosphate buffers at 20 degrees C. The resultant kinetic profiles
      monitored at 582.5 nm (the maximum of the oxyhemoglobin - oxy chain difference
      spectrum) were homogeneous and appeared to be first order. The rate of these
      exponential time courses, reflecting the rate of dissociation of the beta chain
      tetramer, increased from 0.013 min-1 at pH 6.4 to 0.30 min-1 at pH 8.0 and 1.0
      min-1 at pH 8.5. Concurrent with this increased rate was a decrease in the
      overall color yield from the reaction. The absorbance changes, which involve a
      significant contribution from the beta chain tetramer to monomer dissociation
      step, changed three fold over the pH range studied. The findings indicate that
      protons enhance the stability of the beta chain tetramer.

PMID- 6830602
TI  - The labelling of an axonal membrane component with 4-(N-maleimido)
      benzyltrimethylammonium, a reagent capable of affinity-labelling the alpha
      subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Membrane vesicles, isolated from crustacean axons, were treated, following
      disulfide reduction, with 3H-NEM or with 3H-MBTA. SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed that exposure to NEM (a nonspecific thiol reagent)
      resulted in the labelling of several peptide bands, while with MBTA only a single
      band with a molecular weight of 50,000 was labelled. Reaction with MBTA (believed
      to be a specific label for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) could be largely
      prevented by preincubation with d-tubocurarine or bromacetylcholine.

PMID- 6830603
TI  - Activity state of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in
      heart, liver, and kidney of normal, fasted, diabetic, and protein-starved rats.
AB  - The proportion of active (unphosphorylated) branched chain alpha-ketoacid
      dehydrogenase was determined in tissues from rats in different metabolic states.
      Hearts from normal, high-protein, and low-protein fed rats contained about 45% of
      the enzyme in the active form. Only 10-20% of the enzyme was active in hearts of
      fasted and diabetic rats. Virtually all of the liver enzyme was in the active
      form in fed, fasted, diabetic and high-protein fed animals. Protein starved rats,
      however, exhibited a dramatic decrease in both the % active form and total amount
      of liver enzyme. Kidneys from normal, fasted, diabetic and high-protein fed rats
      contained 70-80% of the enzyme in the active form. The % active form of the
      kidney enzyme decreased in protein starved rats, but less dramatically than in
      liver. Covalent modification is concluded to be important for in vivo regulation
      of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.

PMID- 6830600
TI  - Potentiation of monovalent cation effects on ligand binding to cardiac muscarinic
      receptors in N-ethylmaleimide treated membranes.
AB  - Guanine nucleotides and monovalent cations decrease the affinity of cardiac
      muscarinic receptors for agonists and are required for muscarinic receptor
      mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase. N-ethylmaleimide abolished the effects
      of Gpp(NH)p on the ability of the agonist oxotremorine to inhibit the binding of
      the antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to purified chick heart membranes.
      However, the effects of NH4+ to decrease the IC50 for oxotremorine were retained
      in N-ethylmaleimide treated membranes. The N-ethylmaleimide treatment mimicked
      the effects of Gpp(NH)p and the oxotremorine inhibition curves obtained with
      treated membranes in the presence of NH4+ were identical to those obtained in
      control membranes in the presence of NH4+ and Gpp(NH)p. The results suggest that
      monovalent cation effects on muscarinic receptors are mediated at a site distinct
      from effects produced by guanine nucleotides and are greater on free receptors
      than on receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding proteins.

PMID- 6830604
TI  - Search for ligands of neuronal alpha-bungarotoxin receptors.
AB  - Extracts of calf brain were analyzed for substances capable of blocking the
      binding of [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin to chick brain membrane preparations, and
      shown to contain blocking activity that was insensitive to heating and trypsin.
      Fractionation on Sephadex G-25 yielded two components, one representing
      nonspecific inhibition by inorganic cations, the other identified as choline by
      co-chromatography experiments and analysis of the purified inhibitor using thin
      layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. These results support the notion that
      the alpha-bungarotoxin binding macromolecule in the central nervous system is an
      acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 6830606
TI  - Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the initiation of microsomal lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide reacts with reduced transition metals to generate the highly
      reactive hydroxyl radical (X OH), most often proposed as the predominant species
      for initiating microsomal lipid peroxidation. To assess the potential involvement
      of X OH, generated from hydrogen peroxide, in microsomal lipid peroxidation, we
      have altered the concentration of microsomal hydrogen peroxide and measured the
      resulting rates of malondialdehyde production. Hydrogen peroxide concentration in
      microsomes was changed by adding exogenous catalase, by washing to reduce both
      endogenous catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide-dependent glutathione oxidase
      activity, and by inhibiting endogenous catalase activity with azide in either the
      presence or absence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. In only one instance was the
      rate of lipid peroxidation affected; exogenous hydrogen peroxide added to
      microsomes, previously incubated with azide, inhibited lipid peroxidation, the
      opposite effect from that predicted if X OH, generated from hydrogen peroxide, is
      actually the major initiating species. Neither these results, nor the inability
      of known X OH traps to inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation, support the role of
      free hydrogen peroxide in the initiation of microsomal lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6830607
TI  - Lipid peroxidation by bovine heart submitochondrial particles stimulated by 1,1'
      dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride (paraquat).

PMID- 6830608
TI  - Desensitization of normal rat kidney cells to adenosine.

PMID- 6830605
TI  - Characterization of adenosine deaminase from the malarial parasite, Plasmodium
      lophurae, and its host cell, the duckling erythrocyte.

PMID- 6830609
TI  - Dopamine uptake in striatal synaptosomes exposed to peroxidation "in vitro".
AB  - The uptake of [3H]dopamine by synaptosomes from rat brain striatum was biphasic,
      the rapid phase requiring less than 1 min for completion and the slower phase
      occurring over a few minutes. This uptake of labeled dopamine was enhanced by
      prior exposure of the synaptosomes to Fe2+, which gives rise to peroxidation of
      the synaptosomal lipids. Both lipid peroxidation and enhancement of dopamine
      uptake were unaffected by the presence of inhibitors of monoamine oxidase but
      were blocked by inclusion of omicron-phenanthroline in the preincubation medium.
      It is concluded that lipid peroxidation may be involved in certain
      neuropsychiatric disorders such as seizures evoked by exposure to high oxygen
      pressures.

PMID- 6830610
TI  - Paraquat-induced chemiluminescence of microsomal fractions.

PMID- 6830611
TI  - Competitive inhibition by dimethylsulfoxide of molluscan and vertebrate
      acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Anticholinesterase-like effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were demonstrated on
      a variety of invertebrate muscles. The excitatory effects of acetylcholine (ACh)
      on the isolated preparations of the Geukensia demissa heart and anterior byssus
      retractor muscle (ABRM), and of the Busycon contrarium radula protractor muscle,
      were potentiated by DMSO (1-5 microliters/ml; 1 microliter/ml = 14 mM). The
      negative chronotropic effects of ACh, but not of 4-ketoamyltrimethylammonium,
      were potentiated by DMSO (1-5 microliters/ml) on the isolated heart of the oyster
      Crassostrea virginica. These four muscles have acetylcholinesterase enzymes of
      high activity. In contrast, Mercenaria mercenaria hearts have weak cholinesterase
      activity, and the effects of ACh on this isolated myocardium were not potentiated
      by DMSO (2-20 microliters/ml). DMSO (0.1-15 microliters/ml) was a competitive
      inhibitor of both a crude preparation of oyster heart acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      (the Km increased 24-fold with DMSO at 15 microliters/ml; the I50 was 1.3
      microliters/ml DMSO when [ACh] = Km) and a purified Electrophorus AChE (the Km
      increased 4.5-fold when DMSO was 10 microliters/ml; the I50 was 10 microliters/ml
      DMSO near [ACh] = Km). The same doses of DMSO were needed to potentiate the
      pharmacological effects of ACh on the oyster heart, as to inhibit the AChE of
      this tissue.

PMID- 6830612
TI  - Dechlorination of L-phenylalanine mustard by sensitive and resistant tumor cells
      and its relationship to intracellular glutathione content.

PMID- 6830613
TI  - Design and testing of potential activators for hydrolytic enzymes.

PMID- 6830614
TI  - Effects of 1,7- and 1,10-phenanthroline dione on tissue culture cells.

PMID- 6830615
TI  - Cytosol-mediated reduction of resorufin fluorescence: effects on the
      ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (ETR) assay.

PMID- 6830616
TI  - Deacetylation of 4-(5-acetylamino-2-furyl)thiazole and formation of 1-(4
      thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone by rat liver tissues.

PMID- 6830617
TI  - Do the soluble glutathione S-transferases have direct access to membrane-bound
      substrates?
AB  - The ability of the soluble glutathione S-transferases to bind the membrane
      (liposome) bound substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and sulfobromophthalein
      was determined. The transferases were found to have access only to substrates in
      the aqueous phase. They could not not bind membrane-bound substrates and, thus,
      enzymatic activities were reduced by the membrane partitioning of the substrates.
      The reduction in enzymatic activity was directly proportional to the lipid
      solubility of the substrate. The liposomes had no direct effect on the enzyme per
      se. [35S]Sulfobromophthalein and [14C]chlorodinitrobenzene bound to liposomes
      were found to have rapid rates of release into the aqueous phase. Rates of
      hydration of chlorodinitrobenzene from liposomes were rapid enough such that
      rates of catalysis (measured in a stopped-flow spectrophotometer) were affected
      only by the partition coefficient of substrate between lipid phase and water, and
      not by the rate of transfer of substrate from lipid to water phase.

PMID- 6830618
TI  - Relationship of the inhibition of epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in
      turkey erythrocytes by adenosine to its "R-" and "P-site"-mediated effects.

PMID- 6830619
TI  - Intestinal metabolism of tyramine by both forms of monoamine oxidase in the rat.
AB  - The two forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in rat intestine and brain homogenates
      were found to have different Km and Vmax values towards tyramine. The Km values
      for the A-form of the enzyme towards this substrate were around 120 microM in
      both cases, whereas the values for the B-form were about 240 microM. As a
      consequence, the ratio of activities (MAO-A: MAO-B) towards tyramine are
      dependent upon the substrate concentration. The MAO-A-selective inhibitors,
      toloxatone and cimoxatone, were found to be competitive inhibitors of the
      oxidation of tyramine by the A-form of this enzyme in the rat intestine, with Ki
      values of 3.4 microM and 3.7 nM respectively. The significance of these results
      in relation to the "cheese effect", a pressor response to tyramine after
      monoamine oxidase inhibition, are discussed.

PMID- 6830621
TI  - Influence of pH on the cytotoxic activity of chlorambucil.
AB  - The cytotoxic activity of chlorambucil as a function of pH was investigated in
      P388 tumor cells growing in static suspension culture. A decrease in
      extracellular pH from 7.8 to 7.2 was associated with a decrease in intracellular
      pH from 7.92 to 7.55. The cytotoxic potency of chlorambucil increased as the
      extracellular pH decreased; IC99 values were 20 and 60 microM when the
      extracellular pH was 7.2 and 7.8 respectively. Covalent binding to cellular
      macromolecules was about 1.9 times greater at pH 7.2 relative to that at pH 7.8.
      These results suggest that pH may be an important determinant of the oncotoxic
      specificity of chlorambucil, and that the cytotoxic activity of this agent could
      be selectively directed toward tumor cells by the selective manipulation of
      intracellular and extracellular pH. A potential influence of intracellular and
      extracellular pH on cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic potencies
      of other chemicals is also suggested. Additionally, these investigations
      demonstrate the importance of carefully controlling pH throughout the drug
      exposure period when evaluating the relative potency of potential cytotoxic,
      mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic agents in cell or organ culture.

PMID- 6830620
TI  - Histidine uptake by isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. Effect of inhibition of
      histidine decarboxylase by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine.
AB  - Preincubation with (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an irreversible inhibitor of
      histidine decarboxylase, was found to markedly reduce, but not eliminate, the
      uptake of [3H]histidine by rat peritoneal mast cells. The Vmax for histidine
      transport for cells in which decarboxylation of histidine had been completely
      inhibited was 11.9 pmoles per min per 10(6) cells, compared to a Vmax of 18.9
      pmoles per min per 10(6) cells in the presence of active mast cell histidine
      decarboxylase. The Km of uptake was 139 microM in the presence of alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine, several times higher than the Km of 44.0 microM in the
      uninhibited cell. alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine did not inhibit mast cell uptake of
      phenylalanine, a competitive inhibitor of histidine uptake but not a substrate
      for histidine decarboxylase; nor did it inhibit the uptake of histidine by non
      mast cells, which lack histidine decarboxylase. Levels of intracellular
      [3H]histidine in mast cells were similar in the presence and absence of the
      decarboxylase inhibitor. Based on these observations, we propose that
      intracellular decarboxylation of histidine in the mast cell serves to
      specifically enhance the uptake of histidine by the relatively non-specific amino
      acid transporter present in the plasma membrane of the cell.

PMID- 6830624
TI  - The effect of lipid composition of small unilamellar liposomes containing
      melphalan and vincristine on drug clearance after injection into mice.
AB  - Melphalan and vincristine together with their radiolabelled derivatives were
      entrapped in small unilamellar liposomes of varying cholesterol content and
      phospholipid composition. After intravenous injection of drug-containing egg
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes into mice, drug clearance rates from the blood were
      reduced with increasing cholesterol content. Circulating drugs were partially
      associated with the carrier and partly free, mostly bound to plasma proteins. The
      ratio of drug associated with liposomes to that circulating as free was dependent
      on the type of liposomes used and highest when these were cholesterol-rich. Drug
      clearance rates were reduced and entrapped: free drug ratios increased further
      when egg phosphatidylcholine in cholesterol-rich liposomes was replaced by
      sphingomyelin. Drug-containing cholesterol-rich liposomes injected
      intraperitoneally were found capable of entering the periphery intact and
      quantitatively to assume clearance rates similar to those observed after
      intravenous treatment. Such manipulations in liposomal lipid composition can
      alter pharmacokinetics in ways that could provide optimal conditions for drug
      distribution into tumours and a therapeutic effect.

PMID- 6830623
TI  - Polyamines as modulators of drug oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P
      450 from liver microsomes.
AB  - The effect of polyamines on the activity of the mixed-function oxidase (MFO)
      system from human, rat and rabbit liver microsomes was investigated in detail. It
      was shown that polyamine (spermine) stimulates NADPH-dependent activity of the
      MFO system several-fold whatever the substrate (foreign drug or natural), not
      only with microsomes but also with the reconstituted system consisting of highly
      purified cytochrome P-450 (LM2 isozyme), cytochrome P-450 NADPH reductase and
      dilauroylphosphorylcholine. Stimulation (extent and concentration dependence)
      appeared to be dependent on a number of parameters such as ionic strength, pH,
      animal species and treatment, nature of the substrate, and was stereospecific
      (different effect on 6 beta-and 16 alpha-testosterone hydroxylation). Further,
      the spermine effect was evaluated on some elementary steps of the cytochrome P
      450 reaction cycle, like substrate binding, P-450 reduction and second electron
      transfer. Finally, it was shown that the organic peroxide dependent activity was
      not stimulated by spermine with microsomes nor with the purified P-450 LM2
      isozyme. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that the locus of polyamine
      action is cytochrome P-450 and that stimulation could result either from
      increased stability of the oxyferrous intermediate of P-450 or from an increased
      rate of second electron transfer from reductase to P-450.

PMID- 6830625
TI  - Carrier-mediated transport of amino-cephalosporins by brush border membrane
      vesicles isolated from rat kidney cortex.
AB  - The uptake of cephalosporin antibiotics by brush border membrane vesicles
      isolated from rat renal cortex has been studied by a rapid filtration technique,
      demonstrating a carrier-mediated transport system for amino-cephalosporins such
      as cephalexin and cephradine. The antibiotics were taken up into an osmotically
      reactive intravesicular space. The uptake of cephalexin was saturable (apparent
      Km2.2 mM), was inhibited by structural analogues and sulfhydryl reagents, and was
      stimulated by the countertransport effect, although the Na+ gradient did not
      affect the uptake. This transport system was essentially different from the
      transport system for p-aminohippurate in brush border membranes. The uptake
      properties for cephradine in brush border membrane vesicles appeared to be
      similar to those for cephalexin. The present results suggest the existence of a
      carrier-mediated transport system for amino-cephalosporins in brush border
      membranes. This system may be a part of the mechanism of tubular reabsorption of
      these antibiotics.

PMID- 6830622
TI  - Dietary ascorbic acid and hepatic mixed function oxidase activity in the guinea
      pig.
AB  - Studies were carried out to characterize the response of hepatic mixed function
      oxidase (MFO) activity to chronic ascorbic acid deficiency and excessive ascorbic
      acid intake in the guinea pig. When guinea pigs were fed excessive ascorbic acid,
      there was a small increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450 which was unaccompanied by
      any alteration in drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Similarly, induction of MFO
      activity by phenobarbital was not modified by excessive ascorbic acid
      administration. Chronic ascorbic acid deficiency resulted in depressed metabolism
      of aniline, aminopyrine, ethoxycoumarin and benzphetamine, but not of
      ethylmorphine, in comparison with animals fed diets containing control and/or
      excessive amounts of ascorbic acid. In contrast to the metabolism of all drugs
      studied, the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol was depressed by both
      inadequate and excessive vitamin C intake, demonstrating the unique sensitivity
      of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase to dietary ascorbate.

PMID- 6830627
TI  - Effect of deuteration of imipramine on its pharmacokinetic properties in the rat.
AB  - Imipramine was specifically deuterated in either both aromatic rings or in the N
      methyl group, or in both positions, and the pharmacokinetic properties of the
      products were determined in the rat and compared with those of the non-deuterated
      analogue. Deuteration of imipramine resulted in a small but significant isotope
      effect on N-demethylation while aromatic hydroxylation was unaffected. This
      isotope effect led to a slower rate of systemic clearance, a longer half-life
      and, when orally administered, enhanced bioavailability. Urinary excretion of
      didesmethylimipramine-d4, following oral administration of imipramine-d7, was
      significantly lower than the excretion of didesmethylimipramine following
      administration of unlabelled imipramine, indicating inhibited demethylation.
      Similarly, the urinary excretion of desmethylimipramine-d4, didesmethylimipramine
      d4 and 2-hydroxydesmethylimipramine-d4 were lower than for the corresponding
      unlabelled or d7-analogues, indicating the stability of the N-CD3 group.
      Deuteration had no effect on the pharmacological properties of imipramine as
      determined in this study.

PMID- 6830626
TI  - Paracellular transport of inorganic and organic ions across the rat ileum.
AB  - The properties of the absorption route via the tight junctions and the
      intercellular spaces (the paracellular pathway) in rat ileum were investigated
      with inorganic and organic ions. Isolated ileal epithelial sheets were used,
      mounted between two chambers. Biionic and diffusion potentials of the ions were
      measured with Ag/AgCl electrodes. From the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation relative
      permeabilities were calculated and selectivity isotherms constructed. The
      paracellular pathway behaved as an aqueous pore with cation selectivity. The
      permeability order is K+ congruent to NH+4 greater than Na+ greater than Cl
      congruent to Li+ greater than tetramethylammonium+ greater than
      tetraethylammonium+ congruent to choline+ greater than carbachol+. TAP+ (2,4,6
      triaminopyrimidinium) appeared, in contrast to the situation in other tissues,
      not to be an inhibitor of this pathway. The permeability for organic cations is
      high: compounds with a mol. wt of about 150 have a permeability relative to
      sodium of 0.45. Together with the results of previous studies, in which the
      transcellular aspects of organic cation transport were investigated, a model for
      organic cation absorption is developed.

PMID- 6830629
TI  - Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice--IV. In vitro hydrocarbon evolution,
      reduction of oxygen and covalent binding of acetaminophen.

PMID- 6830628
TI  - Differential effects of phenobarbitone and 3-methylcholanthrene induction on the
      hepatic microsomal metabolism of the beta-carbolines harmine and harmol.

PMID- 6830630
TI  - Interactions between tetraethylammonium and methohexitone at the chick
      neuromuscular junction. Experiments with the moving fluid electrode technique.

PMID- 6830631
TI  - Inhibition of glutamate-aspartate transaminase by beta-methylene-DL-aspartate.
AB  - beta-Methylene-DL-aspartate, a new beta, gamma-unsaturated amino acid, is an
      irreversible inhibitor of soluble pig heart glutamate-aspartate transaminase (Ki
      approximately 3 mM with respect to the L-form; limiting rate constant for
      inactivation approximately 0.4 min-1). The new amino acid is the most specific
      inhibitor of glutamate-aspartate transaminase thus far studied. It does not
      inactivate pig heart glutamate-alanine transaminase, soluble rat kidney glutamine
      transaminase K, gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (from Pseudomonas fluorescens),
      glutamate decarboxylase (Escherichia coli), snake venom L-amino acid oxidase, or
      hog kidney D-amino acid oxidase. In addition, the following enzymes were not
      inhibited by beta-methylene-DL-aspartate in rat tissue homogenates: gamma
      aminobutyrate transaminase (brain), tyrosine transaminase (liver), glutamine
      transaminase L (liver), asparagine, transaminase (liver), ornithine transaminase
      (liver) or branch-chain transaminase(s) (kidney). Intraperitoneal injection of
      beta-methylene-DL-aspartate into mice decreased kidney and liver glutamate
      aspartate transaminase activities but had no effect on liver glutamate-alanine
      transaminase activity.

PMID- 6830633
TI  - The accumulation of polyamines and paraquat by human peripheral lung.

PMID- 6830632
TI  - Dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1.5-pentanediyl)amide. A potent and selective
      fluorescent inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase.
AB  - Interactions between dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide (DAPA) and
      the cholinesterases were examined by the techniques of enzyme kinetics and
      fluorescence spectroscopy. When tested with partially purified enzyme
      preparations, DAPA was a potent inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 2 x
      10(-7) M) but not of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 4 x 10(-4) M). For a detailed
      study of the effects of DAPA on butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), the enzyme was
      purified to homogeneity from horse serum, with the aid of affinity chromatography
      on N-methyl acridinium. The kinetics of the inhibition of purified BuChE by DAPA
      were complex, having both competitive and non-competitive features, and it was
      not possible to estimate Ki unambiguously. Spectroscopic measurements showed that
      the fluorescence of the dansyl moiety was strongly affected by the binding to
      BuChE. With excitation at 330 nm, total fluorescence emission from bound DAPA (at
      450 nm and above) was 21-fold greater than from free DAPA. In a titration
      experiment, this enhancement of fluorescence intensity was used to calculate that
      each monomer of BuChE has two apparently independent DAPA-binding sites with a Kd
      of 4.5 x 10(-7) M. Further measurements showed that the fluorescence emission of
      bound DAPA was markedly blue-shifted (to 502 nm from 570 nm in free solution) and
      that the fluorescence lifetime of this form was greatly prolonged (to 24 nsec
      from 2.7 nsec). These observations indicate that the high affinity binding sites
      on BuChE lock DAPA in a highly non-polar environment.

PMID- 6830634
TI  - Comparison of the distribution of microsomal and cytosolic glutathione S
      transferase activities in different organs of the rat.

PMID- 6830635
TI  - Cytotoxicity of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and its
      relationship to deoxycytidine deaminase.

PMID- 6830636
TI  - Norepinephrine and prostaglandin biosynthesis by iris smooth muscle and iris
      microsomes.

PMID- 6830637
TI  - In vivo metabolism of reversibly inhibited alpha-thrombin.

PMID- 6830638
TI  - [3H]haloperidol binding to more than one site in rat brain striatum.

PMID- 6830639
TI  - Cocaine: comparative effect on dopamine uptake in extrapyramidal and limbic
      systems.

PMID- 6830640
TI  - Hypoglycin toxicity: studies of ammonia metabolism.

PMID- 6830641
TI  - Partial purification of a high affinity taurine binding protein by affinity
      chromatography.

PMID- 6830644
TI  - [Inguinal hernioplasty with the Mitchell-Banks technic].

PMID- 6830645
TI  - [40 years of the Boletin Medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico: characteristics
      and development].

PMID- 6830643
TI  - [Bronchial asthma. Clinical experience at the Hospital del Nino del Noroeste,
      Family Integration Agency].

PMID- 6830642
TI  - [Propranolol-exercise test for the study of growth hormone levels in children].

PMID- 6830647
TI  - [Mulibrey nanism in a Mexican child].

PMID- 6830646
TI  - [Anatomic megaencephaly, angiomatosis and lipomatosis. First report of a case in
      Costa Rica].

PMID- 6830648
TI  - A behavioural analysis of spatial localization following electrolytic, kainate-
      or colchicine-induced damage to the hippocampal formation in the rat.
AB  - This experiment examines the notion that in the rat the hippocampal formation is
      an essential structure in the neurological representation of spatial abilities.
      Spatial localization by rats with different types of hippocampal damage,
      including bilateral electrolytic lesions, unilateral and bilateral kainic acid
      induced CA3-CA4 lesions, and unilateral and bilateral colchicine-induced dentate
      gyrus lesions, was compared with vehicle-injected and normal control groups in
      the Morris water task. The task required the rats to escape from cold water by
      finding a submerged and hidden platform located at a fixed place within the room.
      The start point was varied randomly from trial to trial and there were no local
      cues available to indicate the position of the hidden platform. After training,
      the platform was moved. Escape latencies and the initial swimming headings
      revealed that all lesion groups, except the unilateral CA3-damaged group, were
      impaired at finding the platform: the dentate-damaged rats exhibited the greatest
      deficit. When the platform was moved the control rats swam mainly in the part of
      the pool that had previously contained the platform and, on finding it in the new
      location, they showed a marked dishabituation of rearing. None of the bilateral
      lesion groups showed these effects.

PMID- 6830649
TI  - Parameter selection in a rate free test of brain self-stimulation: towards an
      alternative interpretation of drug effects.

PMID- 6830650
TI  - Decrease in human voluntary isometric arm strength induced by simultaneous
      bilateral exertion.
AB  - Human voluntary isometric maximum muscle strength during simultaneous bilateral
      versus separate unilateral elbow extension and flexion was measured. The
      following results were obtained. (1) Strength was reduced under the condition of
      simultaneous bilateral exertion of contralateral corresponding muscles as
      compared to the unilateral condition. (2) The decrease ratio of strength was 24.6
      and 18.8% for the right and left for extension and 6.3 and 7.6% for the right and
      left for flexion. The extension-flexion difference was statistically significant
      but right-left difference was not significant. (3) Integrated EMG showed the
      tendency comparable to the strength and high correlation was found between
      strength and integrated EMG. (4) Decrease ratio was reduced when extension of one
      arm and flexion of the other arm was simultaneously performed. (5) Possible
      mechanisms subserving these findings were postulated and discussed.

PMID- 6830652
TI  - Effects of unilateral and bilateral lesions of the lateral suprasylvian area on
      learning and interhemispheric transfer of pattern discrimination in the cat.
AB  - The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the hypothesis that the lateral
      suprasylvian area is involved in the interhemispheric transfer of visual
      information. This area was surgically removed in 10 cats which had previously
      undergone a midsagittal transection of their optic chiasmas. The animals then
      learned a pattern discrimination using either one or the other hemisphere and
      were tested for transfer using the other, untrained hemisphere. The lateral
      suprasylvian area in the intact hemisphere was next ablated in 6 of these cats.
      Each hemisphere was trained on a new pattern discrimination and tested for
      transfer using the other. The results obtained with the unilaterally lesioned
      animals indicated that: (a) learning with the lesioned hemisphere was as rapid as
      with the intact hemisphere; and (b) that transfer in either direction was normal
      although slightly retarded, but not significantly so, when the information
      proceeded from the intact to the lesioned hemisphere. Learning with either
      hemisphere of the bilaterally lesioned animals also appeared to be normal.
      Learning with the hemisphere which was lesioned second and transferring to the
      one which was ablated first was within normal range whereas transfer was
      generally not as immediate when the procedure was reversed. As a whole, the
      results, when coupled with those of others, would tend to indicate that the
      lateral suprasylvian area is involved in interhemispheric transfer but shares
      this function with other callosally connected areas of the primary visual cortex.

PMID- 6830651
TI  - Responses of striatal neurons in the behaving monkey. 1. Head of the caudate
      nucleus.

PMID- 6830654
TI  - Spatial contrast sensitivity changes after subcortical visual system lesions in
      the rat.
AB  - Spatial contrast sensitivity functions were determined in hooded rats after
      lesions involving the pretectum (PRT), rostral pretectum and adjacent medial
      thalamus (PRT +), posterior thalamus (PT), or ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGv). PRT and PRT + lesions depressed sensitivity at both high and low spatial
      frequencies but the high frequency loss was much greater in the latter group. PT
      lesions depressed sensitivity to frequencies of 0.45 cycles/deg. and above but
      had no detectable effect upon low frequencies while LGv lesions depressed
      sensitivity to both high and low frequencies. The discussion relates these
      results to previous reports of discrimination learning impairments after
      comparable lesions.

PMID- 6830653
TI  - Animal models of strabismic amblyopia: comparative behavioral studies.
AB  - Visual acuity and visuo-motor behavior were assessed in various models of
      experimental amblyopia in cats (n = 15). Three models of strabismic amblyopia
      were studied: surgical esotropia by sectioning one lateral rectus muscle;
      comitant optical strabismus by rearing cats with goggles which placed a
      stationary wedge prism before one eye; and incomitant optical strabismus by
      rearing cats with goggles which placed a rotatable wedge prism before one eye.
      These cats were compared with normal and monocularly deprived cats. Clear
      amblyopic deficits were found in monocularly deprived, esotropic and rotating
      prism cats. The amblyopic deficits were graded among these preparations, being
      most severe in monocularly deprived cats and least severe in esotropic cats. The
      degree of behavioral amblyopia in these preparations was correlated with the
      extent of physiological abnormalities in visual cortex and the lateral geniculate
      nucleus. Fixed optical strabismus did not result in behavioral deficits and does
      not appear to be a good model of strabismic amblyopia. Variable optical
      strabismus, on the other hand, produced clear deficits in one eye, both
      behaviorally and physiologically, without impaired ocular motility.

PMID- 6830656
TI  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and the management of arrhythmias.
      Precision versus inflexibility.

PMID- 6830657
TI  - Blood lipids in middle-aged British men.
AB  - The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, and triglycerides have been measured in 7735 men aged 40 to 59 years
      who were drawn from general practices in 24 towns in England, Wales, and
      Scotland. The distribution of these blood lipids, their interrelations and their
      association with age, social class, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol
      intake, and physical activity at work have been examined. Body mass index emerges
      as the factor most strongly associated with these three blood lipids. Serum total
      cholesterol increased with increasing body mass index until about 28 kg/m2 but
      thereafter showed no further rise. The relation between body mass index and high
      density lipoprotein-cholesterol was negative and linear; that between body mass
      index and triglycerides was positive and linear. The inverse relation between
      high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides was independent of the
      fact that both were related to body mass index. Alcohol intake was associated
      with increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations and cigarette
      smoking with lowered high density lipoprotein concentrations; the association
      with alcohol appeared to be dominant. No significant trends with age were
      observed for the three blood lipids. In this population, body mass index is
      closely associated with the concentration of blood lipids but its effects are
      probably indirect and mediated by a complex of dietary and other factors.

PMID- 6830655
TI  - Spatial contrast sensitivity of monocularly deprived cats after removal of the
      non-deprived eye.
AB  - Spatial contrast sensitivity was behaviorally determined for two monocularly lid
      sutured cats. The spatial contrast sensitivity function for the non-deprived eyes
      matched previously reported functions obtained from normally reared cats. In
      comparison, sensitivity was significantly lower at all spatial frequencies for
      the deprived eye of both cats. In one cat, subsequent removal of the non-deprived
      eye resulted in a two to threefold increase in sensitivity at all spatial
      frequencies. However, no improvement in sensitivity was observed for the second
      animal. Single-unit electrophysiological recording in the striate cortex of these
      two animals revealed a postenucleation difference in the percent of visually
      influenced cells. In the cat for which no behavioral improvement occurred, only
      13% of striate cortex cells could be driven by visual stimulation of the
      previously deprived eye. In contrast 38% of striate cortex cells were similarly
      influenced in the cat for which visual improvement was observed. These data
      suggest a correlation between the physiological effectiveness of the postcritical
      period enucleation procedure and the visual capacity of monocularly lid-sutured
      cats.

PMID- 6830658
TI  - Acute haemodynamic comparison of amrinone and pirbuterol in chronic heart
      failure. Additional effects of isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - A randomised, within patient comparison was made in patients with severe chronic
      heart failure, to study the acute haemodynamic effects of oral agents which have
      inotropic and vasodilator properties. A non-glycosidic non-adrenergic positive
      inotropic agent with vasodilator properties (amrinone) was compared with a beta
      agonist which has vasodilator and positive inotropic effects (pirbuterol). To
      assess whether combined treatment with a venodilator might be advantageous, the
      effect of adding isosorbide dinitrate was studied. Oral amrinone or pirbuterol
      were given in random order to each of 13 patients, on successive days, and oral
      isosorbide dinitrate was added after two-and-a-half hours. Control values before
      amrinone or pirbuterol were similar, and both drugs increased cardiac index while
      reducing left ventricular filling pressure, right atrial pressure, and systemic
      vascular resistance. Heart rate and blood pressure were unchanged. The magnitude
      of the changes caused by amrinone and pirbuterol were not significantly
      different. The addition of isosorbide dinitrate caused further falls in left
      ventricular filling pressure and right atrial pressures, and a fall in heart rate
      with each drug. Other measurements remained unchanged. Although amrinone and
      pirbuterol have different pharmacological properties, their acute haemodynamic
      effects in patients with chronic heart failure are indistinguishable.

PMID- 6830659
TI  - Treatment of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia with mexiletine and
      disopyramide. Control by programmed ventricular stimulation.
AB  - Oral antiarrhythmic treatment with mexiletine and disopyramide was evaluated in
      34 patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardias by programmed
      ventricular stimulation, except in a few instances where spontaneous attacks
      occurred under therapy. Coronary heart disease was present in 17 patients,
      cardiomyopathy in 11, myocarditis in five, and mitral valve prolapse in one.
      Complete suppression of ventricular tachycardia was observed in three of 30
      patients under mexiletine and in one of 25 patients under disopyramide.
      Disopyramide slowed the rate of the ventricular tachycardia considerably, while
      mexiletine had no such influence. For a mean of 24 months, 19 patients were
      maintained on either substance. Complete suppression of ventricular tachycardia
      during programmed stimulation predicted freedom from recurrences. Ventricular
      tachycardias recurred less frequently and at a slower rate in the other patients,
      but 31% have died. This study shows that complete suppression of ventricular
      tachycardia by mexiletine or disopyramide can be achieved only in a minority of
      patients with previously drug-resistant tachycardias.

PMID- 6830660
TI  - Correlation between velocity measurements from Doppler echocardiography and from
      M-mode contrast echocardiography.
AB  - The slope of an individual contrast trajectory on M-mode contrast
      echocardiography represents a physiological variable similar to that measured by
      Doppler echocardiography: the projection of the intracardiac velocity vector in
      the direction of the sound beam. To test the hypothesis that M-mode contrast
      echocardiography slope measurement can yield information quantitatively similar
      to Doppler measurements, we performed both simultaneously in 11 normal
      volunteers. A pulsed Doppler unit capable of simultaneous M-mode and Doppler
      display was used. Contrast was obtained by intravenous injection of 5% dextrose.
      Two independent observers measured velocity simultaneously by both techniques at
      eight to 16 points per subject. One observer repeated the measurements a month
      later. All subjects had contrast, and 10 had sufficient quality tracings for
      simultaneous Doppler and contrast slope measurements. The correlation between
      velocity measurements by both techniques was good, though velocities by Doppler
      echocardiography were less than by M-mode contrast echocardiography. We conclude
      that the component of flow velocity towards or away from the transducer can be
      measured from M-mode contrast trajectory slopes as well as by Doppler
      echocardiography. M-mode contrast echocardiography may provide a practical method
      for verifying or calibrating Doppler measurements in vivo.

PMID- 6830662
TI  - Need for cardiac catheterisation in assessment of patients for valve surgery.

PMID- 6830661
TI  - Estimation of time constant of left ventricular relaxation.

PMID- 6830663
TI  - Occluded left main stem coronary artery. Report of five patients and review of
      published reports.
AB  - Five patients aged 24 to 62 years presenting with a long history of angina were
      found to have complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery. In one patient
      the right coronary artery was also completely blocked. All patients had a
      dominant right coronary artery which was significantly diseased in only one
      patient. Ventricular function was severely impaired in only one patient. These
      patients illustrate the importance of collateral information in this condition.
      Coronary bypass grafting was performed in three patients who are now symptomatic
      at follow-up between nine and 17 months.

PMID- 6830664
TI  - Localised coarctation of the aorta. An age dependent spectrum.
AB  - Localised coarctation of the aorta was studied histologically in 45 cases. The
      age range of the patients, from 2 weeks to 40 years, enabled us to make a
      comparison between early and late findings. The basic histological architecture
      of all coarctations was identical. The ridge consisted mainly of thickening plus
      some infolding of the aortic wall. Ductal tissue formed the inner part of the
      ridge for more than half of its total circumference. In older cases masses of
      secondary intimal proliferation were present, which narrowed the residual lumen
      of the coarctation. The coarctation was located preductally in most young
      patients and postductally in the majority of older patients. It is concluded that
      ductal tissue is invariably present in the ridge and that all coarctations
      develop in a preductal position. Secondary changes include a gradual shift of the
      ridge from a preductal to a postductal position, and progressive narrowing of the
      residual lumen by intimal proliferation.

PMID- 6830665
TI  - Accessory tricuspid valve tissue causing obstruction of the ventricular septal
      defect in tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Among 61 heart specimens of tetralogy of Fallot with or without pulmonary
      atresia, four presented with an accessory tricuspid valve leaflet. This structure
      caused partial or almost complete obstruction of the ventricular septal defect.
      Depending on the morphology, the accessory tissue was classified into "mobile" or
      "fixed" types. The "mobile" variety was tethered by long chordae tendineae which
      permitted a wide excursion of the leaflet through the ventricular septal defect
      into the left ventricular outflow tract where it represented a potential cause of
      obstruction. The "fixed" variety was attached to the edges of the defect by short
      chordae which reduced considerably its movements. This type created a fixed
      obstruction of the ventricular septal defect without involving the subaortic left
      ventricular outflow tract. The precise morphology of the accessory tricuspid
      valve tissue is of considerable surgical significance. When mobile, the tissue
      must be resected at the time of surgical repair. When fixed it can be used as a
      suture anchorage during closure of the ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 6830666
TI  - Effect of mitral valve replacement on left ventricular function in mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of mitral valve replacement on left ventricular function
      in mitral regurgitation, we measured (1) the end-systolic stress/volume ratio,
      which is practically independent of changes in loading conditions, and (2) the
      left ventricular contractile reserves upon isometric exercise, both before and
      one year after mitral valve replacement in 11 patients with mitral regurgitation.
      The end-systolic stress/volume ratio increased, though the ejection fraction
      decreased after mitral valve replacement. The ejection fraction decreased and the
      end-systolic stress/volume ratio remained unchanged during isometric exercise
      before operation, whereas afterwards the ejection fraction remained unchanged and
      the end-systolic stress/volume ratio increased during exercise. Ventricular
      function improves after mitral valve replacement in patients with mitral
      regurgitation, though the ejection fraction, which is affected by altered loading
      conditions, deteriorates. The left ventricular response to stress caused by
      isometric exercise is also improved after surgery.

PMID- 6830668
TI  - Left to right atrial shunting in tricuspid atresia.
AB  - In tricuspid atresia, an obligatory right to left shunt occurs at the atrial
      level. We have observed several patients with left to right interatrial shunts.
      Data from cardiac catheterisation in 40 consecutive patients were reviewed to
      determine the frequency and mechanism of left to right shunting in tricuspid
      atresia. An increase of 6% or more in oxygen saturation between the superior vena
      cava and the right atrium in two or more sets of saturations, representing a left
      to right shunt, was present in 29 out of 50 (58%) catheterisations in which the
      data were adequate. In most, the shunt was also seen cineangiographically in the
      laevophase. In only two catheterisations was an anatomical cause (ostium primum
      atrial septal defect in one and anomalous pulmonary venous return in the other)
      found. In the remaining 27 catheterisations, no anatomical cause was found. Age,
      Qp:Qs, and mean atrial pressure difference were similar between the shunt and non
      shunt groups. In the shunt group right atrial "a" waves were equal to or higher
      than left atrial "a" waves and left atrial "v" waves were equal to or higher than
      right atrial "v" waves. Simultaneous pressure recordings (in one patient with
      left to right atrial shunt) from the left atrium and right atrium with
      isosensitised miniature pressure transducers mounted 5 cm apart showed (1) a
      higher pressure in the right atrium than in the left atrium during atrial systole
      and (2) a higher pressure in the left atrium than in the right atrium during
      atrial disatole. It is concluded that (a) left to right shunt across the atrial
      septum occurs frequently in tricuspid atresia and (b) the left to right shunt is
      the result of instantaneous pressure differences between the atria.

PMID- 6830670
TI  - Experience with the modified Blalock-Taussig operation using
      polytetrafluoroethylene (Impra) grafts.
AB  - Between June 1978 and January 1982, 115 patients underwent 122 subclavian artery
      pulmonary artery shunts using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE Impra) grafts. Forty
      six of the patients had a ductus dependent pulmonary circulation, the patency of
      which was maintained by an infusion of prostaglandin E2 in 29 cases. There were
      nine hospital deaths, four of which were related to shunt failure. Five patients
      underwent a second shunt procedure within one week of the first. There were two
      cases of late graft occlusion. Twelve shunts were considered to have failed. The
      actuarial estimate of shunt patency was 90% (+/- 3%) at two years for all
      patients and 74% (+/- 10%) for neonates. There was no statistically significant
      difference in two year shunt patency between 4 mm grafts (88 +/- 5%) and 6 mm
      grafts (96 +/- 3%). The modified Blalock shunt using a PTFE graft is an effective
      pulmonary-systemic shunt with a good short term patency.

PMID- 6830669
TI  - Detection of ostium secundum atrial septal defects by transoesophageal cross
      sectional echocardiography.
AB  - Transoesophageal cross-sectional echocardiography has special advantages when
      investigating the interatrial septum which is imaged perpendicularly without echo
      dropouts from an oesophageal transducer position. The technique was successfully
      used in 19 out of 20 patients (95%) with an ostium secundum atrial septal defect
      and in 30 control subjects. In all of the latter the interatrial septum was
      visualised as a continuous echo structure separating the atria, whereas a
      distinct discontinuity representing the septal defect was apparent in all
      patients with atrial septal defect. Echocardiographic measurement of the defect
      size correlated well with surgical findings in 11 patients who underwent open
      heart surgery in the course of this study. In a comparative transthoracic
      examination, adequate recordings were obtained in 18 of the 20 patients and in 26
      of the 30 control subjects. Direct subcostal visualisation of the defect was
      reliable in 10 of 18 patients. Peripheral venous contrast studies were also
      performed with the transoesophageal as well as the transthoracic technique. Echo
      contrast remained confined to the right heart in the control subjects. Left sided
      contrast appearance diagnostic of an interatrial communication was shown in the
      patients using the transoesophageal technique (100% sensitivity), with an
      additional right atrial negative contrast apparent in seven patients. The
      transthoracic approach, on the other hand, showed left sided echo contrast in 14
      of 18 patients and an additional negative contrast effect in two of the 14. It is
      concluded that transoesophageal is superior to transthoracic cross-sectional
      echocardiography as a highly sensitive method for the detection and evaluation of
      ostium secundum atrial septal defects.

PMID- 6830667
TI  - Prevalence of mitral prolapse by two dimensional echocardiography in healthy
      young women.
AB  - In order to establish the relative prevalence of mitral valve prolapse as
      diagnosed by two dimensional echocardiography, we studied 100 presumably healthy
      young women with two dimensional echocardiography and M-mode echocardiography,
      history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and phonocardiography. Two
      dimensional echocardiograms were obtained from parasternal, apical, and subcostal
      acoustic windows. Mitral valve prolapse was defined as extension of leaflet
      tissue cephalad to the plane of the mitral annulus into the left atrium; note was
      also made of any valvular thickening, redundancy, or excessive annular motion.
      One subject had a midsystolic click and late systolic murmur with evidence of
      mitral prolapse on both M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography. One subject
      had a midsystolic click with mitral prolapse demonstrated by two dimensional but
      not on M-mode echocardiography. One subject had a thick mitral valve on
      echocardiography but no click or murmur. Four subjects had midsystolic clicks
      without echocardiographic abnormalities. Mild artefactual pansystolic posterior
      bowing of the mitral valve on the M-mode echocardiogram could be produced in 20
      subjects by incorrect transducer position. We conclude that the prevalence of
      mitral valve prolapse by two dimensional echocardiography is relatively low in
      presumably healthy young women. Use of two dimensional echocardiography may avoid
      overdiagnosis of mitral prolapse and identify a smaller group of individuals with
      true anatomical abnormalities of the mitral valve.

PMID- 6830671
TI  - Infarct size estimation from serial CK MB determinations: peak activity and
      predictability.
AB  - In 198 patients with acute myocardial infarction serial measurements of plasma
      creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK MB) were performed at four hour intervals. In
      every patient, maximal CK MB activity (peak activity) was compared with
      calculated total release per litre plasma. In 28 patients (group 1) sufficient
      plasma samples were available for calculation of the apparent first order
      inactivation constant kd. Mean apparent kd in group 1 patients was 0 . 085 +/- 0
      . 018 h-1 (mean +/- SD). Total release in group 1 was calculated with individual
      apparent kd values (Q) and with the mean kd value (Q*). In the remaining 170
      patients (group 2), Q* only was calculated. A linear relation between peak
      activity P and total release (both Q and Q*) was found, extending over the whole
      range of CK MB peak activities that are routinely observed (4-216 U/l). It was
      immaterial whether a one or a two compartment model was used: both yielded a
      close linear relation. Though the mean ratio between Q* and peak activity depends
      on the value of kd chosen for calculation of total release (the ratio increasing
      with increasing kd), linearity between peak activity and Q* was found for any
      value of kd up to 0 . 4 h-1. In group 1, shapes of calculated CK MB release
      curves Q*(t), expressed relative to maximal release Q(40), were sufficiently
      similar so as to be superimposable; the section of the release curves extending
      from 12 hours before until two hours after peak time could be tentatively
      described by a linear time course with a slope of 4 . 2 +/- 0 . 5% per hour (mean
      +/- SD). We conclude that peak activity of CK MB is a reliable estimate of
      cumulative CK MB release and may be clinically more practicable than calculation
      of Q(40). Both the similarity and the large apparently linear section of the
      calculated enzyme release curves possibly permit early prediction of Q(40), with
      acceptable precision.

PMID- 6830672
TI  - Inhibition of leucocyte migration by stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants
      from patients with ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - Leucocyte migration inhibition in patients with ischaemic heart disease was
      evaluated as an assay for progressive myocardial damage. Abnormal results were
      observed in 50% of patients with ischaemic cardiac disease. The prevalence of
      abnormal leucocyte migration inhibition was unrelated to clinical presentation,
      extent of coronary artery disease, or degree of impairment of left ventricular
      function. Six of the eight patients with unstable angina pectoris and abnormal
      leucocyte migration inhibition developed life threatening cardiac complications
      in the follow-up period compared with five patients with unstable angina and
      normal tests who developed no complications. A similar association between
      abnormal leucocyte migration inhibition and complications was not observed in
      patients with angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction. Thus, leucocyte
      migration inhibition may be useful as a prognostic marker in unstable angina and
      may be an important additional variable to identify a high risk subset.

PMID- 6830673
TI  - Regional variation of left ventricular transit time in normal ventricles and
      those with abnormalities of contraction.
AB  - Thirty-three subjects were studied by first pass radionuclide angiography. The
      extrapolated monoexponential tracer washout slopes from septal, lateral, and
      apical segments of the left ventricle were measured. In 13 subjects with normal
      left ventricles, as assessed by ejection fraction estimation and phase analysis,
      there was no difference between septal and lateral segments but, in each case,
      apical washout was significantly prolonged. In 20 subjects with abnormal
      ventricles washouts were, in general, slower than those of the normal ventricles.
      Apical washout was still the slowest but the difference between base and apex was
      less pronounced. In contrast to the normal ventricles, differences appeared
      between septal and lateral segments. The left ventricle is a poor mixing chamber.
      Pools of relative stasis exist at the apex of both normal and abnormal ventricles
      and within the body of the chamber in the latter.

PMID- 6830674
TI  - Anomalous origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary trunk.
AB  - We report what appears to be the first case diagnosed in life at cardiac
      catheterisation of anomalous origin of both of the coronary arteries from the
      pulmonary trunk, and its attempted surgical correction.

PMID- 6830675
TI  - Left atrial ball valve thrombus. Treatable cause of clinical deterioration in a
      patient with mitral stenosis.
AB  - A 74 year old woman with mixed mitral valve disease presented with episodes of
      loss of consciousness and fainting. The attacks were noted to be closely related
      to posture, especially crouching, and this, with the clinical finding that the
      radial pulse disappeared before she lost consciousness, suggested the diagnosis
      of a ball valve thrombus. Cardiac catheterisation confirmed the diagnosis but was
      followed by a fall in blood pressure necessitating emergency surgery. The only
      position in which the circulation could be maintained was the right lateral, with
      steep head down tilt, and left femoro-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass had to be
      established in this position. Operation confirmed the presence of a ball valve
      thrombus and the patient recovered uneventfully.

PMID- 6830676
TI  - Difficult laryngoscopy--the "anterior" larynx and the atlanto-occipital gap.
AB  - The atlanto-occipital distance is the major factor which limits extension of the
      head on the neck. It varies widely in the population at large. When the posterior
      tubercle of the atlas is already in contact with the occiput in the neutral
      position, attempts to extend the head result in anterior bowing of the cervical
      spine, and forward displacement of the larynx. This may be a cause of difficult
      laryngoscopy.

PMID- 6830679
TI  - Factors affecting cerebrospinal fluid flow in two spinal needles.

PMID- 6830681
TI  - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. London, November 19-20, 1982.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 6830680
TI  - Failed intubation in obstetric anaesthesia. A case report.

PMID- 6830677
TI  - Effects of nitrous oxide on the epileptogenic property of enflurane in cats.
AB  - A method was developed to standardize the induction of seizure activity during
      enflurane anaesthesia in cats. The effects of nitrous oxide on the epileptogenic
      property of enflurane were investigated. A potent anticonvulsant action of
      nitrous oxide was noted, but partial tolerance to this effect rapidly developed.
      Some evidence of withdrawal hyperexcitability was also detected. The changes
      induced by nitrous oxide, despite existing enflurane anaesthesia, suggest that
      these two anaesthetic agents have different sites or mechanisms of actions.

PMID- 6830678
TI  - Differential sensitivity of A and C nerve fibres to long-acting amide local
      anaesthetics.
AB  - The differential sensitivities of A beta, A delta and C fibres of rat vagus nerve
      to bupivacaine, etidocaine and AL-381 were studied in vitro. In A beta fibres, at
      35-37 degrees C, 50 mumole litre-1 of the drugs had similar effects on the action
      potential amplitude, while at greater concentrations (100 and 200 mumole litre-1)
      the greatest mean depression of amplitude was seen with etidocaine (n.s.). AL-381
      had the most marked effect on the A delta potentials, and it appeared that it was
      about twice as potent as the others in blocking these fibres. Etidocaine 100
      mumole litre-1 was more depressant than the same dose of bupivacaine. The C
      fibres were blocked most rapidly by AL-381, while etidocaine had the least
      effect.

PMID- 6830683
TI  - Muscle blood flow and hyperkalaemia in MH.

PMID- 6830682
TI  - Adenosine and leg blood flow during porcine malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 6830684
TI  - Adverse reactions to Althesin.

PMID- 6830685
TI  - I.m. atropine and regurgitation.

PMID- 6830686
TI  - Serotherapy of L1210 murine leukaemia--reasons for ineffectiveness of in vivo
      treatment by L.1 monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (L.1), reacting in vitro specifically with L1210 leukaemia
      cells in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay (CDC), has been exploited for
      serotherapy studies. Different regiments of L.1 treatment of CD2F1 mice bearing
      the semi-syngeneic L1210 leukaemia did not prolong the life span of tumor-bearing
      animals. Moreover, the administration of L.1 did not enhance the antitumour
      effects of cyclophosphamide. Studies of in vivo localization showed that L.1 was
      able to bind specifically to L1210 leukaemic cells, although 30-40% of the cells
      remained negative. The presence of L.1 in mouse blood was demonstrated up to 15
      days after the inoculation. On the other hand, in vivo administration of L.1 was
      probably accompanied by loss of the cytotoxic activity, perhaps through a
      mechanism of complement inactivation, since the presence of undiluted normal
      mouse serum in a CDC assay inhibited the cytotoxic activity of L.1. Moreover,
      serum from L.1-treated mice did not display any cytotoxic activity, although the
      presence of the antibody could be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence.
      Shedding of the antigen defined by L.1 was probably not responsible for the
      failure of the serotherapy, since the L.1 neutralizing antigen could be found in
      body fluids only long after the start of therapy.

PMID- 6830687
TI  - Decreased blood histamine levels in patients with solid malignant tumours.
AB  - In a one-year follow-up study, 444 blood histamine determinations were performed
      in 163 patients with solid malignant tumours. Compared with normal subjects,
      blood histamine levels were significantly lower in patients with unresected
      primary tumours (30.7 +/- 19.9 ng ml-1), metastases (34.1 +/- 17.1 ng ml-1), or
      both (24.5 +/- 12.8 ng ml-1). By contrast, after successful tumour resection,
      histamine blood levels were nearly normal (52.1 +/- 18.4 ng ml-1, versus 59.6 +/-
      22.6 in control patients). Stability of the histamine blood levels was associated
      with stability of the disease. A progressive decrease in histamine blood levels
      preceded clinical relapse or detection of metastasis. In patients with
      consecutive histamine blood levels which were less than 15 ng ml-1, survival did
      not exceed 2 months. In patients with gastrointestinal tumours, blood histamine
      levels provided information additional to that derived from serum CEA
      determination. In patients with non-gastrointestinal tumours, the blood histamine
      level may be of more value than CEA as a marker of disease progression.

PMID- 6830688
TI  - Characterization of human colon carcinoma cell lines isolated from a single
      primary tumour.
AB  - The initiation of a cultured human colon carcinoma line on a feeder layer of
      confluent fibroblasts is described. Attempts to initiate cultures without
      fibroblast feeder layers were not successful. Two sub-lines (designated HCT C and
      HCT C Col) were isolated and weaned from cells growing on the surface of the
      feeder layer. The sub-lines had different morphologies, secreted different levels
      of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) into the medium of confluent cultures and had
      slightly different karyotypes. Both sub-lines grew in semi-solid medium and
      formed xenografts when injected s.c. into athymic nude mice. Analysis of
      radioiodinated cell membrane components indicated small, but significant
      differences between the sub-lines.

PMID- 6830689
TI  - Investigations of tissue folates in normal and malignant tissues.
AB  - The folates present in liver, gut and tumour tissue were examined before and
      after autolysis. Before autolysis 10-formylfolate tetraglutamate (10
      CHOFA(glu)4), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate triglutamate (5-CH3THF(glu)3) and possibly
      tetrahydrofolate polyglutamate(s) (THF(glu)n) were detected. Liver contained all
      3 species whereas no 5-CH3THF(glu)3 was present in the tumours; gut showed an
      intermediate situation. After autolysis the predominant monoglutamates formed
      were 5-CH3THF in the liver, 10-formylfolates in the gut and possibly
      tetrahydrofolate (THF) in the tumour extracts. These differences illustrate
      changes in tissue folates with the proliferation rate of the tissue and suggest
      an explanation for the methionine auxotrophy of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells.

PMID- 6830692
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity of interferon.

PMID- 6830690
TI  - Cell fusion segregates progressive growth from metastasis.
AB  - Cell fusion has been used to analyse the genetic determinants of metastasis at
      the cellular level. Highly metastatic mouse melanoma cells were fused with
      diploid mouse lymphocytes and a range of hybrid clones isolated and tested for
      tumorigenicity and metastatic potential by s.c. injection into newborn,
      histocompatible, sublethally-irradiated mice. Although almost all clones tested
      were tumorigenic, most had considerably reduced metastatic potential. This
      suggests that tumorigenicity and metastasis are determined by different genetic
      elements. Histological examination of primary tumours produced by metastatic and
      non-metastatic hybrid cell lines showed that an essential step in the production
      of metastases is the separation of tumour cells from the main tumour mass and
      their movement into the surrounding tissues. The primary tumours of a metastatic
      hybrid cell line showed local invasiveness whereas those of a non-metastatic cell
      line did not.

PMID- 6830693
TI  - In vitro and in vivo interactions of methotrexate and other antimetabolites with
      the oestrogen high affinity receptors of the rat uterus.

PMID- 6830694
TI  - Development of insusceptibility to serum factor during the radiation
      transformation process.

PMID- 6830691
TI  - The effects of regional factors on the growth rate and the differentiation of
      mouse teratocarcinoma.
AB  - Murine embryonal carcinoma cells, the pluripotent stem cells of teratocarcinoma
      were injected simultaneously into caudal and cranial sites on the back of
      syngeneic recipients in order to determine whether regional anatomical
      differences affect their take and growth rate and differentiation. The overall
      tumour take rate was higher in caudal than cranial sites, but the initial weight
      of tumours was higher in the cranial than caudal sites. Tumours developing in the
      two anatomical sites grew at the same rate with a linear increase in volume. At
      the end of the 4-week experimental period the differences in the size of anterior
      and posterior tumours were negligible and no histological differences were noted
      between the two groups. Our data indicate that regional factors significantly
      affect the take rate and the initial growth of this murine teratocarcinoma, i.e.
      the establishment of solid tumours from injected stem cells. The growth rate of
      established tumours was not affected by regional factors.

PMID- 6830695
TI  - Plasma zinc in psoriasis: relation to surface area involvement.
AB  - Plasma zinc, serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase (a zinc-dependent enzyme)
      were measured in thirty-five psoriatics and their age- and sex-matched controls.
      No significant difference was seen between these two groups as a whole, but
      psoriatics with less than 10% surface involvement had significantly higher mean
      plasma zinc levels than their respective control group. Psoriatic patients also
      showed a relationship between the extent of surface involvement and the plasma
      zinc level, those with more extensive involvement having lower levels than those
      with minimal involvement. The differences were not due to disturbances in serum
      albumin, and no abnormalities in serum alkaline phosphatase were observed.

PMID- 6830697
TI  - The quantification of skin transparency.
AB  - A new method for quantifying the transparency of skin using an adapted pair of
      Harpenden's Calipers is described. A constant for each skinfold's ability to
      transmit light, the H factor, is calculated and this shows a steady decline with
      age.

PMID- 6830696
TI  - Irritant reactions to dithranol in normal subjects and psoriatic patients.
AB  - The irritant reaction to dithranol on normal forearm skin of forty psoriatics and
      forty controls was investigated by skin contact thermometry and ID50 values were
      calculated for each skin type (I to IV). We concluded that there is no difference
      between the irritant effects of dithranol in psoriatics and normal subjects.
      There was no correlation between irritant dose threshold and minimal erythema
      dose (MED) to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) but skin type I patients are the most
      sensitive. The irritant response to dithranol can be partially blocked by prior
      treatment with indomethacin.

PMID- 6830698
TI  - Effect of castration and testosterone propionate on mouse vibrissae.
AB  - Vibrissae of normal mice were measured for six cycles starting at birth. Groups
      of immature male albino mice were castrated at 21 days of age when E, F, G and H
      (Danforth nomenclature, 1925) vibrissae were in their first cycle of growth.
      Levels of testosterone in their peripheral plasma were reduced to about one tenth
      of the normal. The final length achieved by their vibrissae in all subsequent
      cycles was shorter than that of normal mice. Another group of immature male mice
      were treated with implants of testosterone propionate to give plasma levels of
      approximately five to ten times normal. Their vibrissae showed a significant
      increase in final length in all growth cycles before and after sexual maturation.
      Vibrissae of adult male mice treated with excess testosterone showed a
      significant increase in final length at the end of the growth cycle immediately
      after commencement of treatment. On the other hand, vibrissae of castrated adult
      mice showed a significant decrease in final length in the second successive cycle
      after castration. The rate of growth of all vibrissae remained unchanged. Changes
      in their final length were brought about by changes in the period of growth.
      Castrated mice had a slightly longer resting period.

PMID- 6830699
TI  - Pigment streaks in the nail plate due to secondary malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6830702
TI  - Delayed release of an abnormal fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen Manchester:
      effect of the A alpha 16 Arg leads to His substitution upon fibrin monomer
      polymerization and the immunological crossreactivity of the peptide.
AB  - Fibrinogen Manchester is an abnormal fibrinogen with an impaired release of
      fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and a polymerization abnormality. In the accompanying
      article we have identified the amino acid substitution in fibrinogen Manchester
      as A alpha 16 Arg leads to His. When fibrinogen Manchester was digested with low
      thrombin concentrations approximately 40-50% of the total FPA content was release
      at a rate similar to FPA release from normal fibrinogen. The fibrin so formed
      exhibited an impaired polymerization of monomers. Digestion of fibrinogen
      Manchester with high concentrations of thrombin for prolonged times released the
      remaining FPA which had an abnormal retention time when studied by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This fibrinopeptide has been shown
      previously to contain the A alpha 16 Arg leads to His substitution. fibrin
      resulting from this exhaustive digestion had normal polymerization of monomers.
      The normal and substituted FPAs were isolated by HPLC and compared in a double
      antibody competitive-binding assay for normal FPA. The immunological cross
      reactivity of the abnormal peptide was reduced, so that approximately 5 times
      more abnormal peptide was required on a molar basis to displace labelled normal
      FPA. Normal intact fibrinogen was 10-fold less reactive (on a half molar basis)
      than free normal FPA and the crossreactivity of fibrinogen Manchester was
      measurably less than that of normal fibrinogen. It is concluded that
      immunological measurement alone of FPA released from abnormal fibrinogens may not
      give a complete description of the kinetics of peptide release if the amino acid
      substitution lies within the FPA sequence. The combination of radioimmunoassay
      and HPLC, however, provides a powerful analytical approach that should be useful
      in classifying and characterizing abnormal fibrinogens.

PMID- 6830701
TI  - A new type of congenital dysfibrinogenaemia with defective fibrin lysis--Dusard
      syndrome: possible relation to thrombosis.
AB  - Congenital dysfibrinogenaemia is described in three members of a family
      presenting with recurrent thrombosis and in two other young members not yet
      affected. An abnormality in the polymerization of fibrin monomers was noted. In
      addition, the pathological fibrin clots were found to be less sensitive to
      degradation by a post venous occlusion euglobulin solution than normal fibrin.
      After fibrin clot incubation with lys-plasminogen at different concentrations,
      the biological activity of plasminogen in patient fibrin clot on S 2251 after SK
      addition, was less than that observed with normal fibrin. It is speculated that
      defective in vivo thrombolysis might explain the recurrent thrombosis observed in
      this family. This finding represents a new concept in understanding
      thromboembolic diseases.

PMID- 6830703
TI  - Stimulation of fibrinogen biosynthesis by fibrinogen fragments D and E.
AB  - Infusions of either fibrinogen fragment D or fibrinogen fragment E into rabbits
      were followed by increases in fibrinogen synthesis determined by the rate of
      incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into circulating fibrinogen. The degree of
      stimulation was proportional to the amount of protein infused. When 4.5 mg of
      each fibrinogen fragment was administered separately to different groups of
      animals, fibrinogen fragment D was associated with a fourfold increase in
      fibrinogen synthesis above that in the control animals compared with 1.5-fold
      increase induced by fragment E. Fragments D and E were assayed for bound sialic
      acid, the absence of which facilitates binding, transport and catabolism of many
      circulating glycoproteins by the liver. Fibrinogen fragment D contained 1.3%
      sialic acid compared to 1.4% in fragment E. These data indicate conservation of
      sialic acid during plasmic digestion of fibrinogen. The capacity of these
      glycopolypeptide fragments to stimulate fibrinogen synthesis appears unrelated to
      the nearly identical quantities of N-acetyl neuraminic acid found in each
      fragment.

PMID- 6830700
TI  - A new congenital defect of platelet secretion: impaired responsiveness of the
      platelets to cytoplasmic free calcium.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy with a bleeding disorder since infancy has a long bleeding
      time, normal platelet count and morphology and normal plasma factor-VIII
      activities. His platelets undergo normal shape change and primary aggregation in
      response to ADP but show defective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) secretion and
      aggregation in response to adrenaline, sodium arachidonate, U44069, PAF-acether,
      A23187 and low concentrations of collagen. Thrombin and higher concentrations of
      collagen produce a normal response. Secretion of beta-thromboglobulin and
      platelet factor 4 parallels that of 5-HT. Thromboxane B2 is produced normally in
      response to exogenous arachidonate and to stimulation by thrombin, collagen and
      A23187 in all concentrations tested. The patient's endoperoxides and thromboxane
      A2 aggregate aspirin-treated platelets, though his platelets are themselves
      unresponsive. Cyclic AMP is present at normal concentration in the patient's
      unstimulated platelet-rich plasma, and PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation by ADP
      and thrombin in a normal dose-related plasma, and PGI2 inhibits platelet
      aggregation by ADP and thrombin in a normal dose-related manner. Platelet
      ultrastructure, 5-HT uptake and content of adenine nucleotides, platelet factor 4
      and beta-thromboglobulin are all within normal limits. When the patient's
      platelets were loaded with the fluorescent dye quin 2, which serves as an
      indicator of cytoplasmic free calcium ions, their responses to thrombin, whether
      in the presence or virtual absence of extracellular Ca2+, were entirely normal in
      respect of free calcium ions, secretion, shape-change and aggregation. In
      response to ionomycin, however, a normal increase in free calcium ions was
      accompanied by normal shape-change but virtually no aggregation or 5-HT
      secretion. The platelet calmodulin content was normal. These findings show that
      the defect in this patient's platelets is of utilization of cytoplasmic Ca2+ for
      secretion and aggregation, rather than of Ca2+ uptake or mobilization of Ca2+
      from intracellular storage sites. It is suggested that the most likely site of
      the defect is the phosphorylation of one of the proteins concerned in the
      secretory mechanism.

PMID- 6830704
TI  - Mast-cell precursors in various haematopoietic colonies of mice produced in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - We have examined mast-cell precursors in various in vivo and in vitro
      haematopoietic colonies of mice. Cells from haematopoietic colonies of (WB x
      C57BL/6)F1- + +/+ mouse origin were injected into the skin of the congeneic W/Wv
      mice which are genetically depleted of tissue mast cells. The appearance of mast
      cell clusters at the injection site indicated the presence of mast-cell
      precursors in the injected cell suspension. More than 40% of 12 d exogenous
      spleen colonies and 14 d in vitro mixed colonies contained mast-cell precursors,
      but only a small proportion of 7 d exogenous spleen colonies, 9 d in vitro
      erythroid bursts or 14 d large in vitro neutrophil-macrophage colonies contained
      mast-cell precursors. Neither transient endogenous erythroid spleen colonies
      examined at the fifth day nor 7 d in vitro neutrophil-macrophage colonies
      contained mast-cell precursors. Among 12 d spleen colonies mast-cell precursors
      were more frequent in the predominantly neutrophil than the predominantly
      erythroid colonies but 14 d in vitro mixed colonies, in which erythroid cells
      were predominant, contained mast-cell precursors more frequently than 14 d in
      vitro neutrophil-macrophage colonies. Therefore, differentiation of mast cells
      seems to be independent of either the neutrophil-macrophage or erythroid cell
      lineages.

PMID- 6830705
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on erythroid colony and burst formation from human fetal
      liver and adult marrow.
AB  - Dexamethasone, a prototypic synthetic glucocorticoid, was added to cultures of
      human fetal liver and adult marrow cells to assess its effects on erythroid
      colony and burst formation. Dexamethasone decreased the number of fetal liver
      erythroid colonies and bursts formed in the presence of erythropoietin, and also
      decreased the number of cells per colony. The amount and type of haemoglobin
      produced per cell were unaffected by adding dexamethasone to the cultures.
      Dexamethasone inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in fetal liver
      cells stimulated with erythropoietin, supporting the hypothesis that
      dexamethasone inhibits the proliferation but not the differentiation of fetal
      liver CFU-E and BFU-E. In contrast, addition of dexamethasone to adult bone
      marrow cultures had a variable effect on erythroid colony and burst formation.

PMID- 6830706
TI  - Ferritin in the red cells of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency
      and iron overload.
AB  - Red cell ferritin was measured in normal subjects and patients with iron
      deficiency and iron overload by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies to
      liver (basic) and heart (acidic) ferritins. In most of the subjects examined, red
      cells were found to contain greater amounts of heart-type than liver-type
      ferritin. The basic ferritin content reflected the abnormal body iron status both
      in iron deficiency and iron overload while the acidic ferritin content was less
      closely related to the iron status. The two immunologically different red-cell
      ferritins probably represent distinct ferritin molecules and may have different
      metabolic functions within haem-synthesizing erythroid cells.

PMID- 6830707
TI  - A mathematical model of particle retention in the air-spaces of human lungs.
AB  - Knowledge of the total and regional lung retention of particles inhaled
      continuously by man over long periods can be useful in understanding the
      potential role of inhaled particles in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Owing
      to practical and ethical considerations, however, little or no experimental
      information exists. A mathematical model of particle retention simulating
      environmental and occupational exposures has therefore been developed that takes
      into account particle deposition, tracheobronchial clearance, and two phases of
      alveolar clearance in the Weibel A anatomical lung model. The derived equations
      of retention kinetics predict retention of particles as a function of exposure
      time. For a continuous exposure (simulating environmental conditions) to 4
      microns particles, the model predicts that retained particles approach an
      equilibrium between deposited and cleared particles with the 95% level being
      reached in 293 days. For an intermittent exposure (simulating occupational
      conditions) equilibrium is approached in five years. The whole lung burden of
      particles is predicted to be 9% of the total mass that entered the lung after a
      one-year environmental exposure and 1.5% after a 25-year occupational exposure.
      The equilibrium surface concentration and integrated dose of particles per airway
      generation predict enhanced risk to the pathogenic effects of inhaled particles
      in the large airways and respiratory bronchioles.

PMID- 6830708
TI  - Pneumoconiosis in Cornish china clay workers.
AB  - A radiological survey of men employed in the china clay industry in Cornwall was
      carried out in 1977. Each man completed a short questionnaire on respiratory
      symptoms and smoking habits, his occupational history was determined, and his
      forced expiratory volume and vital capacity were measured. The radiographs were
      read independently by three observers, using the 1980 ILO classification. Of the
      1728 men in the study, 23 had had dust exposure elsewhere, mostly in tin mining,
      and were excluded. Readings of the radiographs were available for 1676 men: 77.4%
      were within category 0, 17.9% in category 1, and 4.7% in categories 2 and 3. In
      19 men (1.1%) one or more readers recorded the presence of a large shadow and
      read it as complicated pneumoconiosis, but in only four men were the readers
      unanimous. Every job recognised as dusty contributed significantly to the amount
      of simple pneumoconiosis, and in two jobs the conditions were such that the
      average worker would reach category 2 in a working lifetime. Smoking appeared
      unrelated to the radiographic appearance. Vital capacity showed a significant
      reduction with increasing amount of pneumoconiosis, but not, when this was
      allowed for, on the duration of exposure in any of the job categories. In
      addition it depended, as would be expected, on smoking. The effect of one
      category increase in pneumoconiosis was equivalent to 4.1 years of age in
      smokers, 3.9 years of age in ex-smokers, and 5.4 years of age in non-smoker.
      Forced expiratory volume did not decline significantly with amount of
      pneumoconiosis, so that FEV% VC showed an increase, though not to a significant
      extent. No extent. No relationship between symptoms and past exposure was
      detected.

PMID- 6830709
TI  - Mortality among long-term employees of an Ontario asbestos-cement factory.
AB  - Mortality was studied among a group of 328 employees of an Ontario asbestos
      cement factory who had been hired before 1960 and who had been employed for a
      minimum of nine years. The group of 87 men who had worked in the rock wool/fibre
      glass operations, or who had been otherwise minimally exposed to asbestos, had
      mortality rates similar to those of the general Ontario population, while the
      group of asbestos-exposed employees had all-cause mortality rates double those of
      the Ontario population, mortality rates due to malignancies five times higher
      than expected, and deaths attributed to lung cancer eight times more frequent
      than expected. According to the best evidence available, 10 of 58 deaths among
      the production workers were due to malignant mesothelioma and 20 to lung cancer.
      The men dying of mesothelioma were younger than the men dying of lung cancer with
      mean ages at death of 51 and 64 years respectively. An exposure model was
      constructed on the basis of the available air sampling data, and individual
      exposure histories were calculated. These exposure histories were used to
      investigate the exposure-response relationships for asbestos-associated
      malignancies.

PMID- 6830710
TI  - Lung function studies before and after a work shift.
AB  - The lung function of 23 underground coal workers and eight surface workers at a
      Scottish colliery was measured immediately before and after a work shift. Changes
      in lung function were assessed in relation to the measured respirable dust
      exposure and the time of day in which the shift was worked. Large, and
      statistically significant, decrements of lung function during the shift were
      found in night-shift workers compared with workers on other shifts. Measurements
      derived from the forced expiratory manoeuvre, particularly FEV1, Vmax50, and
      Vmax25, after three vital capacity breaths of an 80% He/20% O2 mixture, showed
      large reductions in night-shift men, smaller reductions in afternoon-shift men,
      and small increases or decreases in morning-shift underground and surface
      workers. Within-shift changes for other tests, such as closing volume, N2 index,
      and volume of isoflow, did not differ significantly between shifts. No
      significant relationship was found between dust exposure and functional changes
      during a shift for any test. Lung function changes in a control group of 25
      female workers not exposed to dust (hospital nurses) did not show the same large
      variations between day and night shifts. Examination of a further control group
      of 16 office workers did not show any difference in diurnal changes between
      smokers and non-smokers. It is concluded that these coal miners, even on
      permanent shift patterns, had widely different changes in their lung function
      cycle depending on which shift they were working. These changes did not appear to
      be related to dust exposure or cigarette smoking and were not consistent with
      other biological adaptations known to result from regular night-shift working.

PMID- 6830711
TI  - Isopropanol exposure: environmental and biological monitoring in a printing
      works.
AB  - Occupational exposure to isopropanol was studied in 12 workers by testing
      environmental air, alveolar air, venous blood, and urine during their work shift.
      Isopropanol, which ranged in environmental air between 7 and 645 mg/m3, was
      detected in alveolar air, where it ranged between 4 and 437 mg/m3, but not in
      blood or in urine. Alveolar isopropanol concentration (Ca) was significantly
      correlated with environmental isopropanol concentration (Ci) at any time of
      exposure. The value of the arithmetical Ca/ci ratio was 0.418 (SD 0.101).
      Acetone, which is a metabolite of isopropanol, was found in alveolar air, blood,
      and urine in concentrations that were higher during exposure than before.
      Alveolar and blood acetone concentrations were highly correlated with alveolar
      isopropanol concentrations at any time during exposure. Acetone ranged between
      0.76 and 15.6 mg/l in blood, between 4 and 93 micrograms/l in alveolar air, and
      between 0.85 and 53.7 mg/l in urine. Alveolar (Ca) and blood (Cb) acetone
      concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.67), with a Cb/Ca ratio of 101.
      Alveolar isopropanol uptake ranged between 0.03 and 6.8 mg/min and was highly
      correlated with environmental isopropanol concentration (r = 0.92). During
      exposure, acetone eliminated by the lungs ranged between 20 and 273 mg in seven
      hours and in urine between 0.3 and 9.6 mg in seven hours. Acetonuria was higher
      the next morning than at the end of exposure.

PMID- 6830712
TI  - Prevalence and relation to underground exposure of radiological irregular
      opacities in South Wales coal workers with pneumoconiosis.
AB  - A total of 124 coal workers and ex-coal workers receiving disability benefit for
      coal worker's pneumoconiosis and routinely reattending the Cardiff Pneumoconiosis
      Medical Panel during a 10-week period were studied. Those with complicated
      pneumoconiosis were excluded. Their current chest radiographs and their chest
      radiographs at the time of certification were read in random order by three
      readers using the 1980 ILO Classification of Radiographs. An irregularity score
      was derived from the readings. The x-ray findings were examined for changes since
      certification and for relationships with age, smoking, and underground coal work
      exposure. One-fifth of the current radiographs showed mainly irregular opacities,
      whereas nearly all of those from the time of certification showed mainly
      irregular opacities, whereas nearly all of those from the time of certification
      showed mainly rounded opacities. Irregular opacities were related to age,
      smoking, and underground exposure. The exposure effect remained after excluding
      the older men. The findings suggest that radiological irregular opacities, and
      their associated pathology and lung function changes, commonly develop in coal
      workers with pneumoconiosis and should be considered part of the condition.

PMID- 6830713
TI  - Ten year follow up of farmers with farmer's lung.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients previously diagnosed as having suffered from farmer's lung
      in or before 1970 were asked whether the condition had recurred and what measures
      they had taken to avoid such recurrence. Those who had retired from farming had
      been least affected by recurrence, while those who continued to farm had been
      protected by making silage instead of hay or by wearing protective respirators.
      To be effective, a respirator should be worn on every occasion that farm dust is
      encountered and must be properly maintained.

PMID- 6830714
TI  - Cancer risks in the optical manufacturing industry.
AB  - A mortality odds ratio (MOR) study has been conducted to explore the cancer risks
      of exposures experienced in the production of optical lenses and metal spectacle
      frames. Male death certificates were obtained from a Massachusetts town where a
      large optical industry is located. Craftsmen, foremen, and operatives of non
      optical industries, such as woollen textile workers and workers in the optical
      company with short-term or no exposure, were chosen as reference workers their
      incomes were similar to those of the exposed workers. Cardiovascular disease
      (total 714) is chosen as the reference disease to explore cancers (total 232). An
      excess risk of total cancers observed = 70, expected = 48) has formed among lens
      workers. The excess may be accounted for mainly by the excess risk of
      gastrointestinal cancers; the standardised MORs (sMOR) for medium and long-term
      exposure were 2.2 and 2.5. The excess was especially evident for colorectal
      cancers; the sMORs for medium and long-term exposures were 3.2 and 2.6. Excess
      risks of gastrointestinal cancers (sMOR = 2.9) and colorectal cancers (sMOR =
      3.4) were found among metal frame workers with long-term (employed for more than
      29 years) exposure, but the number of exposed cases was small (9 and 6
      respectively). These results suggest that exposure to abrasives or cutting oil
      mists or both, possibly by ingestion, might increase the risk of gastrointestinal
      (especially colorectal) cancers among lens and metal spectacle frame
      manufacturers.

PMID- 6830715
TI  - Quantitative aspects of radon daughter exposure and lung cancer in underground
      miners.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have shown an excessive incidence of lung cancer in
      miners with exposure to radon daughters. The various risk estimates have ranged
      from six to 47 excess cases per 10(6) person years and working level month, but
      the effect of smoking has not been fully evaluated. The present study, among a
      group of iron ore miners, is an attempt to obtain quantitative information about
      the risk of lung cancer due to radon and its daughters among smoking and non
      smoking miners. The results show a considerable risk for miners to develop lung
      cancer; even non-smoking miners seem to be at a rather high risk. An additive
      effect of smoking and exposure to radon daughters is indicated and an estimate of
      about 30-40 excess cases per 10(6) person years and working level month seems to
      apply on a life time basis to both smoking and non-smoking miners aged over 50.

PMID- 6830716
TI  - Incidence of cancer in the electronics industry: using the new Swedish Cancer
      Environment Registry as a screening instrument.
AB  - The object of this study was to assess the relative risks of cancer for a
      particular branch of industry by using the newly created cancer environment
      registry. The registry was created by a record linkage of the 1960 census to the
      Swedish Cancer Registry 1961-73. A cohort study was undertaken of all subjects
      classified in the census as working in the electronics or electrical
      manufacturing industry. The risks were calculated in relation to the general
      working population. The results showed a slightly higher total incidence of
      cancer (all sites) in this branch of industry than in the general working
      population, for men as well as for women. This was especially so for tumour sites
      connected with the pharynx and the respiratory system. The study also indicates
      that the new registry has a potential as a screening instrument.

PMID- 6830717
TI  - Pharmacological characterisation of extracts of coffee dusts.
AB  - The contractile or relaxant activities or both of aqueous extracts of green and
      roasted coffees were assayed on isolated guinea pig tracheal spirals. Contractile
      and relaxant activities were compared with histamine and theophylline,
      respectively. Green coffee extracts induced concentration dependent contraction,
      but the maximal tension never exceeded 76.3% +/- 5.2 of a maximal histamine
      contraction (0.69 +/- 0.07 g/mm2 v 0.52 +/- 0.05 g/mm2; p (0.01). One gram of
      green coffee dust had a biological activity equivalent to 1.23 +/- 0.1 mg of
      histamine. The pD2 value of histamine was -5.17 +/- 0.05. The potency of green
      coffee was unaffected by mepyramine maleate (1 micrograms/ml, final bath
      concentration) while that of histamine was reduced 500 fold. Tissues contracted
      with histamine were not significantly relaxed by green coffee extracts. By
      contrast, roasted coffee extracts induced concentration dependent relaxation of
      uncontracted and histamine contracted tissues. Tissues contracted with green
      coffee extracts were also completely relaxed by roasted coffee extracts. The pD2
      value of theophylline was -4.10 +/- 0.03. The relaxant activity of 1 g of roasted
      coffee was equivalent to 1.95 +/- 0.16 mg of theophylline. The potency of these
      extracts was significantly reduced after propranolol (1 micrograms/ml; dose ratio
      1.56). Our results show that coffee dust extracts have considerable biological
      activity which changes from a contractile to a relaxant action as a consequence
      of processing. The greater incidence of adverse reactions to green coffee dust(s)
      in coffee workers may be related to the contractile activity present in green
      coffee dust.

PMID- 6830718
TI  - An experimental study of the combined effects of n-hexane and methyl ethyl
      ketone.
AB  - This study was intended to determine whether or not methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
      enhances the neurotoxicity of n-hexane at low concentration and after long term
      exposure. Separate groups of eight rats were exposed to 100 ppm n-hexane, 200 ppm
      MEK, 100 ppm n-hexane plus 200 ppm MEK, or fresh air in an exposure chamber for
      12 hours a day for 24 weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity
      (MCV), distal motor latency (DL), and mixed nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs)
      were measured before exposure and after four, eight, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks'
      exposure. One rat of each group was histopathologically examined after 24 weeks'
      exposure. Exposure of 100 ppm n-hexane did not significantly decrease the
      functions of the peripheral nerve throughout the experiment. Exposure to 200 ppm
      MEK significantly increased MCV and MNCVs and decreased DL after four weeks'
      exposure, but at this later stage no significant changes were found throughout
      the experiment by comparison with the controls. Mixed exposure to 100 ppm n
      hexane plus 200 ppm MEK significantly decreased by comparison with the controls.
      On histopathological examination of the tail nerve, however, no changes were
      found in any of the exposed groups or the controls. These results suggest that
      MEK might enhance the neurotoxicity of n-hexane at a low concentration, and mixed
      exposures to n-hexane and MEK should be avoided.

PMID- 6830719
TI  - Measurement of hand tremor induced by industrial exposure to metallic mercury.
AB  - Hand tremor due to industrial exposure to metallic mercury vapour was recorded in
      26 exposed and 25 non-exposed male workers by an accelerometer attached to the
      dorsum of the hand. The subjects were instructed to hold the hand and the forearm
      in the same position first without and then with a load of 1250 g supported by
      the hand. Analysis of the records showed that the highest peak frequencies (HPF)
      (the frequency corresponding to the highest acceleration) were higher in the
      exposed men than in the controls and were related to the duration of exposure to
      mercury and to age. The changes in HPF between rest and load were again higher in
      the exposed men than in the controls and again related to the duration of
      exposure and to age. The second moment (M2) (an index taking into account the
      whole recorded spectrum) was similar in the exposed men and controls at rest. The
      changes in M2 between rest and load were higher in the exposed men than in the
      controls but were related to duration of exposure and to the biological
      measurements (loge of mercury in urine or blood) and not to age. These
      neurophysiological impairments might result from the tendency of metallic mercury
      to accumulate in the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that metallic mercury, even at concentrations
      probably below the current TLV-TWA of 0.05 mg/m3, can lead to neurological
      disorders.

PMID- 6830720
TI  - Single cell protein as an occupational hazard.
AB  - Single cell protein (SCP) intended for animal feed purposes was produced in a
      pilot plant. The SCP consisted of Methylomonas methanolica, a pseudomonas species
      which is an obligate methanol user. The SCP was cultured in fermenters and later
      dewatered and dried in a spray-drier. Seven of eight research workers had febrile
      reactions 6-12 hours after exposure to SCP dust. All workers had high titres of
      IgG and IgM antibodies against the pseudomonas species as measured with indirect
      ELISA and passive haemagglutination techniques. The mechanism behind the febrile
      reaction is judged to be a non-immunological reaction caused by endotoxins. By
      increasing the particle size of the SCP through using different drying
      procedures, a product which generated less dust was obtained.

PMID- 6830721
TI  - Knee degeneration in concrete reinforcement workers.
AB  - The loads on the knees in concrete reinforcement work and maintenance painting
      were analysed on eight construction work sites. A total of 352 reinforcement
      workers and 231 painters. Finnish men aged 20-64, were clinically and
      radiologically examined to determine the condition of the knee joints in active
      workers. The loads on the knees and the occurrence of minor injuries and
      accidents were higher in reinforcement work than in painting, but the occurrence
      of symptoms, clinical signs, and radiological findings was equally common in both
      groups. Reinforcement work seemed to provoke more symptoms from degenerated knees
      than painting.

PMID- 6830722
TI  - Effect of lead on erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The effect of blood lead on erythrocyte membrane proteins was studied in 28
      workers from a scrap lead refining factory and in 18 controls working in railway
      construction. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) of the polypeptides in the erythrocyte membrane showed that bands 3 and 4.1
      had significantly decreased while bands 2.3, 6, and 7 had significantly increased
      in the lead workers compared with the controls. For the lead workers, the
      correlation coefficients between blood lead and bands 2.3 and 3 were r = 0.545 (p
      less than 0.01) and r = -0.51 (p less than 0.01) respectively. These results
      suggest that the decrease in erythrocyte membrane permeability results from a
      decrease in the membrane transfer protein responsible for band 3.

PMID- 6830723
TI  - Stainless steel manual metal arc welding fumes in rats.
AB  - Forty two male Wistar rats were exposed to manual metal arc (MMA) stainless steel
      (SS) welding fumes generated by an automatic welding device for "nose-only"
      exposure. The exposure simulated an actual MMA/SS welding environment as closely
      as possible. For the retention study, the duration of exposure was one hour per
      workday for one, two, three, of four weeks and for the clearance study four
      weeks. The retention and clearance of the chromium, nickel, and iron found in
      MMA/SS welding fumes in the rats' lungs were studied as was the distribution of
      the metals to other organs. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was
      used for the multi-element chemical activation analyses. The concentrations of
      chromium and nickel in the blood and the urine were determined by atomic
      absorption method (AAS). The retention of exogenous iron was determined by a
      magnetic measuring method. The results indicated that the lungs were the target
      organs of soluble hexavalent chromates. The half times of lung clearance for Cr,
      Ni, and Fe were 40 +/- 4 d, 20 +/- d, and 50 +/- 10 d. When the lung clearance
      curves are compared, the half times of Cr and Fe lung clearance are similar but
      nickel disappears faster. The distribution and clearance patterns of chromium to
      other organs differ from those obtained after single intravenous or intratracheal
      injections of alkaline chromates.

PMID- 6830724
TI  - Chorionic tissue biopsy in the first trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 6830725
TI  - Assessment of a transcervical aspiration technique for chorionic villus biopsy in
      the first trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - A cannula attached to a syringe was passed through the cervical canal into the
      uterine cavity in an attempt to aspirate chorionic villi just before termination
      of a first trimester pregnancy in 82 patients. Chorionic villi were obtained from
      40% of these patients. In view of the value of this technique for the first
      trimester diagnosis of genetic disorder, development of the technique and further
      trials of transcervical aspiration of chorionic villi would seem warranted.

PMID- 6830726
TI  - Use of glucocorticoids in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension and
      proteinuria.
AB  - During a 2-year period, 56 infants of less than 34 weeks gestation were delivered
      from 53 pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension and proteinuria. In the
      first part of the study 32 infants were delivered whose mothers did not receive
      antepartum glucocorticoids; subsequently 24 infants were born whose mothers did
      receive antepartum glucocorticoids. The severity of maternal disease, gestational
      age at delivery, birthweight and obstetric management was similar in both groups.
      In the group receiving glucocorticoids 88% of the infants were discharged live
      from the neonatal unit compared with 72% in the group who did not receive
      corticosteroids. It is concluded that in pregnancies complicated by severe
      hypertension and proteinuria requiring delivery before 34 completed weeks of
      pregnancy, the administration of antepartum glucocorticoids to the mother does
      not carry an increased risk to the fetus, and may be of benefit by reducing the
      risk of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent intraventricular
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 6830727
TI  - Tubal sterilization: findings in a large prospective study.
AB  - Of the 17032 women taking part in a large prospective study of the beneficial and
      harmful effects of different contraceptive methods, 2243 (13%) had undergone
      tubal sterilization by the end of 1981 while another 3551 (21%) had husbands who
      had undergone vasectomy. The most commonly used female sterilization procedure
      was laparoscopic tubal diathermy. About 19% of all operations were carried out at
      the time of a delivery or during the subsequent 4 weeks. In total, 16 accidental
      pregnancies have occurred in the sterilized women, the failure rate during the 12
      months after surgery being 0.37 per 100 woman-years and the rate during the
      subsequent months being 0.10 per 100 woman-years. Of the 16 accidental
      pregnancies, seven were ectopic. In an analysis comparing women who had undergone
      tubal sterilization with those whose husbands had undergone vasectomy, there was
      little evidence of any excess occurrence of gynaecological or psychiatric
      disorders in the former group.

PMID- 6830728
TI  - Fetal breathing movements and maternal hyperoxia in the growth retarded fetus.
AB  - The effect of fetal breathing movements (FBM) of maternal breathing of 50% oxygen
      was examined. The procedure caused a two-fold rise in maternal arterial Po2 and
      did not alter FBM in normal pregnancy. In pregnancy complicated by intrauterine
      growth retardation (IUGR) a substantial increase in the incidence of FBM was
      recorded during hyperoxia (control 29.8 +/- 3.9%, hyperoxia 68.2 +/- 3.6). No
      such change was observed in pregnancies where IUGR was suspected but not proven
      at delivery.

PMID- 6830729
TI  - Oxytocin deficiency at delivery with epidural analgesia.
AB  - The effect of epidural analgesia on oxytocin release during the second stage of
      normal labour was studied by comparing 10 primigravidae who had epidurals with 10
      control subjects who did not have epidurals. A significant increment in oxytocin
      between paired peripheral blood samples taken at the onset of full cervical
      dilatation and crowning of the fetal head was found in the control subjects but
      not in those with epidurals. Forceps delivery was required more often in the
      group with epidural analgesia and was associated with lower oxytocin levels at
      crowning. Since distension of the lower birth canal and stimulation of pelvic
      autonomic nerves leads to oxytocin release, and the need for forceps associated
      with epidurals can be reduced by oxytocin, these differences are attributed to
      the lumbar epidural block.

PMID- 6830730
TI  - Selection of an obstetric data base for a microcomputer and its use for on-line
      production of birth notification forms, discharge summaries and perinatal audit.
AB  - A microcomputer system is described which stores data for perinatal audit and
      produces 'on-line' the statutory birth notification form and mother and baby
      discharge summary. The derivation of a minimum data-base and the methods used to
      obtain reliable data are outlined. The results of a trial of the production of
      the birth notification form for 195 deliveries are reported together with those
      of a further trial of 86 deliveries in which the system was used to produce both
      the notification form and the discharge summary. A study of the accuracy of the
      handwritten birth notification forms revealed a high error rate which was
      markedly reduced by the use of the microcomputer system. The system is now in
      routine use and further developments are outlined.

PMID- 6830731
TI  - Dihydrotestosterone levels at midpregnancy and term: a comparison with
      testosterone concentrations.
AB  - Dihydrotestosterone levels in maternal and fetal plasma were unchanged from
      midpregnancy to term whereas the values in amniotic fluid increased by 75%. There
      were no sex differences in fetal plasma or amniotic fluid values throughout
      pregnancy in contrast to the results reported for testosterone levels.

PMID- 6830734
TI  - Endoscann, a new endometrial cell sampler.
AB  - The cytological diagnoses made on material obtained with a mechanical sampler,
      the 'Endoscann', were compared with those from conventional histology after
      uterine curettage in a group of 200 patients (74% were postmenopausal). There was
      diagnostic agreement in 21 of 23 women with cancer and 2 of 5 with premalignant
      disease. A negative cytological result was only acceptable when the clinical
      assessment was also negative. With this proviso the instrument may be used for
      the screening of high-risk groups for endometrial cancer, and to investigate
      postmenopausal bleeding. As this is an outpatient procedure it can achieve
      considerable savings. Cell blocks suitable for staging of the endometrial cycle
      can be obtained from women with infertility.

PMID- 6830733
TI  - An ultrastructural study of menstrual blood in normal menstruation and
      dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
AB  - Menstrual fluid was obtained from the uterine cavity and vagina in 20 women
      within the first 48 h of menstruation. Ten of the women had normal menstrual
      cycles and blood loss and ten were patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
      The menstrual samples were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of
      fibrin and platelets and nearly all were found to contain both fibrin and
      aggregating platelets. By a simple quantitative system no differences in fibrin
      and platelet content were found between samples collected from the uterine cavity
      or the vagina. Likewise no difference was found in the morphology of fibrin and
      platelets between women with normal menstrual loss and patients with
      dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

PMID- 6830732
TI  - Treatment of menorrhagia with intrauterine release of progesterone.
AB  - In 12 women with menorrhagia (greater than or equal to 80 ml per menstrual
      period) a progesterone-releasing device (Progestasert) was inserted. The women
      were followed by repeated measurements of the blood loss for 12 periods. The
      menstrual blood loss was significantly reduced after 1 month but the duration of
      bleeding was somewhat prolonged. Twelve months after insertion the menstrual
      blood loss amounted to 35% of the blood loss before the insertion. The
      Progestasert is a valuable treatment for menorrhagia.

PMID- 6830736
TI  - An audit of caesarean section in a maternity district.

PMID- 6830737
TI  - Bilharzial granuloma of the fallopian tube. Case report.

PMID- 6830739
TI  - Graticule incorporated into an ophthalmoscope for the clinical evaluation of the
      cup/disc ratio.

PMID- 6830738
TI  - Common causes of blindness and visual handicap in the west of Scotland.
AB  - An analysis of blind registration forms was made to determine the commonest
      causes of blindness in the west of Scotland. It was found that the leading causes
      of blindness in order of frequency of incidence were senile macular degeneration,
      glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and myopic degeneration. Diabetic
      retinopathy was the leading cause of blindness among persons of working age.

PMID- 6830740
TI  - Visual field survival: the response to timolol therapy in open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - A simple method for quantifying visual field survival was devised to assess the
      progress of chronic simple glaucoma in 36 patients treated with timolol maleate
      over a 3-year period. Routine tonometric monitoring of the intraocular pressure
      (IOP) was carried out in conjunction with these Goldmann field studies.
      Statistical analysis revealed that field survival measurement provided a more
      consistent clinical guide to the progress of glaucoma under treatment than did
      IOP (p much less than 0.001). Timolol therapy was associated with sustained IOP
      reductions of 24.3-34.5%, and 63% of those treated who were monitored for field
      survival showed no significant field loss. The observed relationships of IOP to
      field survival are discussed.

PMID- 6830735
TI  - Intracaval leiomyomatosis.

PMID- 6830741
TI  - Bilateral black hypopyon in a patient with self-healing cutaneous malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 6830742
TI  - Resection of uveal melanocytoma: clinicopathological correlation.
AB  - Four patients had pigmented lesions in the anterior uveal tract and choroid which
      presented clinically as malignant melanomas. All the lesions were successfully
      removed by local excision. Histopathological studies showed the tumours to be
      melanocytomas, indicating that enucleation or irradiation would have been
      contraindicated. The 3 patients with iris and ciliary body melanocytomas continue
      to maintain corrected visual acuities of 20/30 or better. In the patient with
      choroidal melanocytoma central visual acuity was compromised owing to cystoid
      macular oedema. All 3 melanocytomas involving the anterior segment were located
      inferiorly. Biomicroscopically, they were chocolate coloured (not black) and
      resembled malignant melanomas of the same location. The choroidal melanocytoma
      also resembled a malignant melanoma by ophthalmoscopic and angiographic criteria,
      and did not have the jet black or homogeneous pigmentation that characterises
      most melanocytomas of the disc.

PMID- 6830743
TI  - Intraocular lens power calculation for planned ametropia: a clinical study.
AB  - A prospective series of 25 eyes received an intraocular lens (IOL) of power
      calculated for planned ametropia, by means of the formulae of R. D. Binkhorst,
      from data of axial length, corneal curvature, and postoperative anterior chamber
      depth. All the postoperative refractions were within the +/- 2 D range from the
      predicted refraction, confirming the clinical value of such calculation. A
      retrospective study of 100 eyes which had received a +19 D power Binkhorst IOL
      showed a wide range of change in refraction extending up to the +/- 6 D range,
      indicating that a 'standard' power IOL cannot be relied upon to reproduce the
      preoperative refraction. Calculation of IOL power from biometric data is
      essential when controlled postoperative ametropia is required.

PMID- 6830746
TI  - Thermogenic response to temperature, exercise and food stimuli in lean and obese
      women, studied by 24 h direct calorimetry.

PMID- 6830745
TI  - Floppy eyelid syndrome.
AB  - The results of clinical examinations and follow-up of 7 patients with floppy
      eyelid syndrome are presented. The most prominent features of the syndrome are
      floppy upper eyelids that can be easily everted, with papillary conjunctivitis
      and punctate keratopathy. The ocular changes seem to be the result of an
      underlying metabolic (or endocrine) disorder. In the patient with the longest
      follow-up period (10 years) considerable loss of body weight resulted in a
      dramatic relief of ocular symptoms.

PMID- 6830747
TI  - Effect of the nature and amount of dietary energy on lipid composition of rat
      gingival tissue.
AB  - 1. The effect of the nature and amount of dietary energy on the lipid composition
      of rat gingival tissue was studied. Male weanling rats were given one of three
      iso-energetic diets: high-carbohydrate, high-protein and extremely high-protein,
      or a fourth high-fat diet, for 49 d. 2. The high-carbohydrate, extremely high
      protein and high-fat diets caused significant increases in the gingival levels of
      total lipids compared with the normal-protein diet. These increases in total
      lipids were due primarily to increases in the levels of triglycerides and
      cholesterol esters. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid
      composition of either non-polar or polar lipids among rats given the high
      carbohydrate diet and those given the high-protein diet. 3. A composition of the
      fatty acid composition of lipids of rats given the extremely high-protein diet
      and the other two iso-energetic diets revealed that the proportion of palmitic
      acid was higher and the proportion of oleic acid was lower to animals given the
      extremely high-protein diet than in animals given the other two diets. Compared
      with the three iso-energetic low-fat diets, the high-fat diet caused decreases in
      the proportion of palmitic and palmitoleic acids and increases in the proportion
      of linoleic, arachidonic and docosapentaenoic acids in total fatty acids of both
      no-polar and polar lipids. It should be noted that the high-fat diet contained a
      high proportion of linoleic acid and it is expected that this diet would raise
      the 18:2 fatty acid content of the lipids and also would raise the 20:4 and 22:5
      levels as 18:2 is an essential fatty acid and will, with its metabolites, be
      directly incorporated into tissue lipids.

PMID- 6830744
TI  - Methylcellulose and lens implantation.
AB  - Methylcellulose has been used since 1976 to prevent damage to the corneal
      endothelium during operations for implantation of intraocular lenses. Originally
      one drop of a 1% solution was placed on the artificial lens just before its
      insertion. Later the anterior chamber was completely filled with a 2% solution of
      methylcellulose before implantation. In this way it is possible to maintain a
      space between the cornea and iris even if vitreous pressure is present and to
      operate without risk to the corneal endothelium. This paper demonstrates the
      safety of the intraocular use of methylcellulose on the basis of over 400
      operations. The substance is cheap, universally available, and can be easily
      prepared for intraocular use.

PMID- 6830749
TI  - Food intolerance: a community survey.
AB  - 1. A questionnaire inquiring about food intolerance was sent to a random sample
      of the electorate in a small South Wales town. Replies were received from 170 men
      and 305 women, the response rates being 87 and 93% respectively. 2. Adverse
      effects of some food were reported by 19% of men and 26% of women, or 14 and 18%
      respectively if minor digestive symptoms are excluded. Certain foods were thought
      to cause non-abdominal symptoms by 4% of men and 10% of women, and vomiting,
      diarrhoea or abdominal pain by 11% of men and 10% of women. 3. Plasma IgE was
      measured in a random subset of ninety-nine women and found to be significantly
      lower in those with major symptoms than in the rest. This suggests that allergy
      is probably not a common cause of food intolerance.

PMID- 6830748
TI  - The effect of periconceptional supplementation on blood vitamin concentrations in
      women at recurrence risk for neural tube defect.
AB  - 1. We measured erythrocyte folic acid and riboflavin, serum folic acid and
      leucocyte vitamin C in women at high risk for neural tube defect (NTD) recurrence
      who were receiving periconceptional vitamin supplementation, before they received
      extra vitamins, after 28 d of supplementation and at the 8th week of pregnancy.
      Blood vitamin concentrations in unsupplemented high-risk women were also compared
      with the values found in unsupplemented low-risk women. 2. Vitamin
      supplementation with Pregnavite Forte F (Bencard) raised the mean values for all
      vitamins measured by the 8th week of pregnancy. Mean erythrocyte folic acid rose
      from 250 to 478 ng/ml; plasma folic acid from 8.4 to 26.1 ng/ml; leucocyte
      vitamin C from 1.82 to 3.21 micrograms/ml blood; erythrocyte riboflavin
      (glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activation ratio) from 1.08 to 1.04. All
      women receiving supplements had increased their serum and erythrocyte folic acid
      levels above the highest values found in women in an earlier study, who
      subsequently gave birth to children with NTD. Not all women, however, increased
      their leucocyte ascorbic acid or erythrocyte riboflavin levels above the highest
      values. 3. When vitamin concentrations in unsupplemented high-risk women compared
      with levels in unsupplemented women at low risk for NTD, no significant
      differences were found in the mean values. However, a significantly higher
      proportion of high-risk compared with low-risk women had erythrocyte folic acid
      and leucocyte vitamin C values on or below the 5th percentile of the adult normal
      range. 4. The effectiveness of Pregnavite Forte E (Bencard) for increasing
      maternal vitamin reserves is discussed with a view to preventing NTD and the
      possibility of identifying groups at risk for NTD because of low blood vitamin
      levels is considered.

PMID- 6830750
TI  - The effects of energy intake and dietary protein on nitrogen retention, growth
      performance, body composition and some aspects of energy metabolism of baby pigs.
AB  - 1. The effects of level of feeding of either a protein-adequate or a protein
      deficiency diet on nitrogen retention (NR), growth performance, body composition
      and some aspects of energy utilization in pigs growing from 1.8 to 6.5 kg live
      weight (LW) were investigated in two experiments. 2. In Expts and 2 piglets were
      given a protein-adequate diet at four levels of intake (0.93, 1.44, 1.83 and 2.30
      MJ gross energy (GE)/kg LW0.75 per d) and a protein-deficient diet at five levels
      of intake (1.14, 1.38, 1.68, 1.95, and 2.30 MJ GE/kg LW0.75 per d) respectively.
      3. For pigs given the protein-adequate diet (Expt 1) NR was linearly (P less than
      0.001) related to energy intake (EI) and independent of N intake (NI). NR in pigs
      given the protein-deficient diet (Expt 2) was linearly (P less than 0.001)
      related to NI and independent of EI. 4. Average daily LW gain responded linearly
      to increases in EI in both experiments. However, at equivalent levels of EI pigs
      given the protein-adequate diet exhibited more rapid and efficient growth than
      those given the protein-deficient diet. The results also indicated an interaction
      between the effects of EI and dietary protein content for feed conversion
      efficiency. 5. Body fat at 6.5 LW increased in a curvilinear fashion with
      increasing EI in both experiments. However, over the range of EI tested (from
      approximately 1.8 to 4.6 times energy for maintenance) body fat increased by 153%
      in Expt 1 and by only 27% in Expt 2. Pigs given the protein-deficient diet were
      also markedly fatter than those given the protein-adequate diet. Body protein at
      6.5 kg LW decreased (P less than 0.01) with increasing EI in Expt 1 but was
      unaffected by EI in Expt 2. 6. As estimated by multiple regression analysis, the
      values for the deficiency of energy utilization for protein (kp) and fat (kt)
      deposition were 0.76 and 0.78 respectively in Expt 1 and 0.42 and 0.89
      respectively in Expt 2. The estimates of metabolizable energy required for
      maintenance were 4.45 and 532 kJ/kg LW0.75 per d for Expts 1 and 2 respectively.

PMID- 6830751
TI  - Iodine metabolism and thyroid hormone relationships in growing sheep fed on kale
      (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-clover (Trifolium repens) fresh
      forage diets.

PMID- 6830753
TI  - The influence of protein:energy value of the ration and level of feed intake on
      the energy and nitrogen metabolism of the growing pig. 2. N metabolism at two
      environmental temperatures.

PMID- 6830754
TI  - Solid-state nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the Schiff base in
      bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - Solid-state 15N NMR has been employed to examine protonation of the Schiff base
      linkage in epsilon-[15N]lysylbacteriorhodopsin, the single protein in purple
      membrane. It is shown with spectra of model compounds that protonation of a
      Schiff base results in an approximate 150-ppm change in the isotropic 15N
      chemical shift. Concurrently, the breadth of the shift anisotropy decreases by a
      factor of about two from 600 to 270 ppm. The isotropic shift of the Schiff base
      linkage observed in dark-adapted epsilon-[15N]lysylbacteriorhodopsin closely
      matches those observed for the protonated model compounds, particularly the more
      weakly hydrogen-bonded ones. It also seems to be affected slightly by
      isomerization of the retinal.

PMID- 6830756
TI  - Evidence for an essential histidine residue in S-adenosylhomocysteinase from rat
      liver.
AB  - Rat liver S-adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) is inactivated by diethyl
      pyrocarbonate. The inactivation is first order in enzyme and in reagent, and a
      second-order rate constant of 77 M-1 min-1 is obtained at pH 6.9 and 0 degree C.
      The rate of inactivation is dependent on pH, and the pH-inactivation rate data
      show the involvement of a group with a pK of 6.8. The difference spectrum of the
      inactivated and native enzymes shows a single peak at 242 nm, indicating the
      modification of histidine residues. No trough at around 280 nm due to O
      carbethoxytyrosine is observed. The sulfhydryl content of the enzyme is unchanged
      by the reaction. The inactivation was reversed by hydroxylamine. Although the
      reaction with [3H]diethyl pyrocarbonate reveals that a residue(s) other than
      histidine is (are) also modified, the agreement of the number of histidine
      residues modified and the number of carbethoxy groups removed by hydroxylamine
      treatment indicates that the inactivation is solely due to the modification of
      histidine. Statistical analysis of the residual enzyme activity and the extent of
      modification shows that, among six modifiable residues per subunit, one which
      reacts more rapidly with the reagent than the rest is critical for activity. The
      modified enzyme still retains the capacity to bind adenosine and S
      adenosylhomocysteine and to oxidize the 3'-hydroxyl of these compounds as
      evidenced by the reduction of the enzyme-bound NAD+. Slow but significant
      exchange of the 4' proton with solvent also occurs with the modified enzyme.
      Thus, it may be concluded that the histidine residue essential for activity is
      involved in a catalytic reaction other than the abstraction of 3'-hydroxyl and 4'
      protons of the substrates.

PMID- 6830755
TI  - A rapid method for analysis of ligand binding to deoxyribonucleic acid and
      soluble nucleoproteins using streptomycin: application to steroid receptor
      ligands.
AB  - A method is described which allows the rapid analysis of the binding of
      practically any molecules to DNA or to protein--DNA complexes (termed
      nucleoacidic protein or NAP). The antibiotic streptomycin sulfate, a soluble
      aminoglycoside, is used to precipitate the DNA after the ligand binding.
      Comparison of different sources and commercial batches of the antibiotic is
      described. Optimal conditions for precipitating DNA or NAP and the application of
      this method to the binding of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor to soluble
      NAP are described. The streptomycin method can be used with DNA molecules whose
      size ranges from 750 base pairs to greater than 50 000 base pairs. The method
      works with a DNA or NAP from a variety of sources, including synthetic homo- or
      heteropolymers. The precipitation of DNA or NAP by streptomycin occurs rapidly
      and has minimal effects on the steroid receptor complex or binding of the steroid
      receptor to DNA or NAP. The requirements and limitations of the method as well as
      the optimal conditions for binding of the progesterone receptor to DNA or NAP are
      described.

PMID- 6830758
TI  - Carbohydrates of influenza virus hemagglutinin: structures of the whole neutral
      sugar chains.
AB  - The carbohydrates of BHA, a solubilized hemagglutinin of influenza virus by
      bromelain digestion, were quantitatively released as oligosaccharides by
      hydrazinolysis. The oligosaccharide mixture was separated into a neutral and two
      acidic fractions by paper electrophoresis. Both acidic fractions were resistant
      to sialidase digestion but were slowly converted to the neutral fraction by
      incubation with sulfatases. The neutral fraction which comprised about 80% in
      molar ratio of total oligosaccharides was separated into 13 oligosaccharides by
      paper chromatography and by Con A-Sepharose column chromatography. Structural
      studies of these oligosaccharides by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and by
      methylation analysis revealed that BHA contains a series of high mannose type and
      bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary complex type sugar chains. Occurrence of Gal beta l
      leads to 3GlcNAc outer chain in two and bisectional N-acetylglucosamine in one of
      the biantennary sugar chains is an interesting characteristic of the sugar chains
      of BHA.

PMID- 6830757
TI  - Steroid 21-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450) from porcine adrenocortical microsomes:
      microsequence analysis of cysteine-containing peptides.
AB  - The steroid 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 from porcine adrenocortical
      microsomes was purified to homogeneity. The protein exhibited two NH2-terminal
      sequences, one of which was identical with the first but lacking the NH2-terminal
      methionine. The sequence was extremely hydrophobic but had little homology to the
      17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase isolated from neonatal porcine testes or to rat
      or rabbit liver microsomal cytochromes P-450. The cysteine-containing fragments
      of the S-carboxymethylated protein were purified by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and sequenced. Three of the cysteine-containing peptides exhibited
      significant sequence homology with peptides from the major phenobarbital-induced
      rat liver cytochrome P-450 (P-450b) and two with peptides from cytochrome P
      450cam (camphor methylene hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida). The presence of
      conserved regions in the primary sequences of these proteins appears likely to
      provide clues to the nature of their heme-binding domains.

PMID- 6830759
TI  - Rhodopsin in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. 1. Structural parameters and
      light-induced conformational changes detected by resonance energy transfer and
      fluorescence quenching.
AB  - The structure of purified rhodopsin was investigated by steady-state resonance
      energy transfer and fluorescence quenching techniques: (1) Fluorescence
      parameters and relative distances between rhodopsin sites labeled with
      fluorescent probes and the endogenous chromophore 11-cis-retinal were measured in
      micellar detergent solution and in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. (2) The
      accessibility of the labeled rhodopsin sites in reconstituted vesicles to N
      methyl- and N-benzylpicolinium was studied in the dark and subsequent to
      rhodopsin bleaching. Fluorescent-labeled rhodopsin was affinity purified in octyl
      glucoside from rod outer segments which were previously reacted with either the
      sulfhydryl-specific reagents, pyrenylmaleimide or monobromobimane, or reagents
      specific to amino groups, dansyl chloride or fluorescein isothiocyanate. The
      purified protein was recombined with phospholipids, and vesicles were formed by
      detergent dialysis. All four fluorophores appear to react greater than or equal
      to 30 A away from the endogenous chromophore as estimated from the efficiency of
      energy transfer and presumably probe rhodopsin domains exposed at the membrane
      surface. The maximal fraction of quenchable fluorescence and the mean quenching
      constant were determined in dark and bleached vesicles: bleaching did not affect
      the quenching of the fluorophores attached to sulfhydryl groups but markedly
      decreased the quenching constants of the fluorophores coupled to amino groups.
      The apparent collisional rate constant decreased by 20- and 4-fold for dansyl and
      fluorescein, respectively. The results suggest that bleaching reduced the
      accessibility of these sites which, in turn, may reflect light-induced
      displacements of rhodopsin domains at the membrane surface. Such structural
      changes may regulate rhodopsin-rhodopsin as well as rhodopsin-enzyme
      interactions.

PMID- 6830760
TI  - Rhodopsin in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. 2. Rhodopsin-rhodopsin
      interactions detected by resonance energy transfer.
AB  - The interactions between rhodopsin molecules in a micellar detergent solution
      (octyl glucoside) and in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles were studied in the
      dark and after bleaching. Resonance energy transfer measurements were used to
      monitor the proximity between rhodopsin monomers conjugated with a fluorescent
      donor or a fluorescent acceptor. Reactive sulfhydryl groups of rhodopsin were
      labeled with pyrenylmaleimide (donor) or monobromobimane (acceptor), whereas
      amino groups were labeled with dansyl chloride (donor) or fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (acceptor). The results suggest that in the micellar solution
      rhodopsin was monomeric in the dark and aggregated after bleaching. If the
      aggregate were to be a dimer, the labeled sulfhydryl groups of the monomers would
      be approximately 40 A apart, while the labeled amino groups would be at least 68
      A distant from each other. Rhodopsin reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles
      appeared aggregated both in the dark and after bleaching. The proximity between
      the sulfhydryl groups of the monomers was not influenced by illumination. In
      contrast, the labeled amino groups seemed to be largely separated in the dark and
      closer to each other once the vesicles were bleached. If the aggregate were to be
      a dimer, the labeled sulfhydryl groups would be approximately 40 A apart both in
      the dark and after bleaching, whereas the labeled amino groups would be greater
      than 60 A apart in the dark and approximately 44 A from each other after
      bleaching. These findings are discussed in the context of rhodopsin structure,
      its ability to regenerate after bleaching, and the light-induced events initiated
      by rhodopsin photoexcitation.

PMID- 6830752
TI  - The influence of protein:energy value of the ration and level of feed intake on
      the energy and nitrogen metabolism of the growing pig. 1. Energy metabolism.
AB  - 1. The heat losses and energy and nitrogen balances of thirty-six individually
      housed, entire male pigs (initial body-weight 18-30 kg) were measured over 7 d
      periods, when they were fed on rations containing 153, 201 and 258 g crude
      protein (nitrogen x 6.25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM). The rations also contained
      16.29, 16.96 and 17.24 mJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM so that the CP:ME
      values were 9.4, 11.8 and 15.0 g CP/MJ ME respectively. Each ration was given at
      three levels, 20, 35 and 50 g feed/kg body weight per d, thus giving nine dietary
      treatments. The experiments were carried out at an environmental temperature of
      22 (+/- 1) degree. 2. Heat loss (H) increased significantly (P less than 0.01)
      with increase in ME intake. The rate of increase in H was not, however,
      influenced by the protein content of the ration. Thus, energy retention (ER) at
      any given level of ME intake was independent of the ration offered. From the
      relationship between ER and ME, estimates of the maintenance energy requirement
      (MEm) and the partial efficiency of energy utilization (k) were determined. MEm
      varied within the range 494-568 kJ/kg body-weight 0.75 pe d, while k varied from
      0.70 to 0.76. 3. Both energy and protein intakes had a significant influence upon
      the rates of protein (P) and fat (F) deposition, and hence body-weight gain. At
      any given level of feed intake P was higher and F lower the higher the protein
      content of the ration. However, when compared at similar levels of protein
      intake, both P and F were reduced the higher the protein control of the ration.
      4. From the multiple regression equations relating P and F to ME, individual
      estimates of MEm and the energetic efficiencies of protein (kP) and fat (kF)
      depositions were determined. Using an overall mean kF value of 0.86, it was
      calculated that MEm ranged from 462 to 525 kJ/kg body-weight 0.75 per d while kP
      varied from 0.48 to 0.55. The significance of these estimates of kP are discussed
      in the light of their derivations and in relation to theoretical values.

PMID- 6830761
TI  - Structural analysis of the inhibition of thermolysin by an active-site-directed
      irreversible inhibitor.
AB  - The mode of binding of the irreversible thermolysin inhibitor ClCH2CO-DL-(N
      OH)Leu-OCH3 [Rasnick, D., & Powers, J.C. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4363-4369] has
      been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.3 A and the
      structure of the covalent complex refined to give a crystallographic residual of
      17.0%. This is the first such structural study of an active-site-directed
      covalent complex of a zinc protease. As anticipated by Rasnick and Powers, the
      inhibitor alkylates Glu-143 in the thermolysin active site, and the hydroxamic
      acid moiety coordinates the zinc ion. The formation of the covalent complex is
      associated with a significant shift in a segment of the polypeptide backbone in
      the vicinity of the active site. This conformational adjustment appears to be
      necessary to relieve steric hindrance which would otherwise prevent alkylation of
      Glu-143. It is suggested that this steric hindrance, which occurs for thermolysin
      but would not be expected for carboxypeptidase A, accounts for the previously
      inexplicable difference in reactivity of these two metalloproteases toward N
      haloacetyl amino acids. The relevance of this steric hindrance to the mechanism
      of catalysis is discussed. In agreement with previous results [Kester, W. R., &
      Matthews, B. W. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 2506-2516], it appears that steric
      hindrance prevents the direct attack of Glu-143 on the carbonyl carbon of an
      extended substrate, therefore ruling out the anhydride pathway in thermolysin
      catalyzed hydrolysis of polypeptide substrates and their ester analogues.

PMID- 6830762
TI  - Isolation, identification, and characterization of histones from plasmodia of the
      true slime mold Physarum polycephalum using extraction with guanidine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Histones from plasmodia of the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum have been
      prepared free of slime by an approach to histone isolation that uses extraction
      of nuclei with 40% guanidine hydrochloride and chromatography of the extract on
      Bio-Rex 70. This procedure followed by chromatography or electrophoresis has been
      used to obtain pure fractions of histones from Physarum microplasmodia. Physarum
      microplasmodia have five major histone fractions, and we show by amino acid
      analysis, apparent molecular weight on three gel systems containing sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, mobility on gels containing Triton X-100, and other
      characterizations that these fractions are analogous to mammalian histones H1,
      H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Significant differences between Physarum and mammalian
      histones are noted, with histone H1 showing by far the greatest variation.
      Histones H1 and H4 from Physarum microplasmodia have similar, but not identical,
      products of partial chymotryptic digestion compared with those of calf thymus
      histones H1 and H4. Labeling experiments, in vivo, showed that histone H1 is the
      major phosphorylated histone and approximately 15 separate phosphopeptides are
      present in a tryptic digest of Physarum histone H1. The core histones from
      Physarum, histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, are rapidly acetylated; histone H4 shows
      five subfractions, analogous to the five subfractions of mammalian histone H4
      (containing zero to four acetyllysine residues per molecule); histone H3 has a
      more complex pattern that we interpret as zero to four acetyllysine residues on
      each of two sequence variants of histone H3; histones H2A and H2B show less
      heterogeneity. Overall, the data show that Physarum microplasmodia have a set of
      histones that is closely analogous to mammalian histones.

PMID- 6830763
TI  - Constraints on the flexibility of bacteriorhodopsin's carboxyl-terminal tail at
      the purple membrane surface.

PMID- 6830764
TI  - Viscosity dependence of the kinetics of the diffusion-controlled reaction of
      carbon monoxide with the separated alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin.
AB  - The kinetics of the recombination reaction of carbon monoxide with the isolated
      alpha and beta chains of human hemoglobin have been examined by laser flash
      photolysis in glycerol-water as a function of temperature and solvent viscosity.
      The second-order recombination rate constant is inversely proportional to
      viscosity raised to the 0.5 power--paralleling that predicted for the CO
      diffusion coefficient. This viscosity exponent is independent of the protein.
      These results are consistent with the reaction kinetics being essentially
      diffusion controlled in the high viscosity glycerol-water. For the alpha and beta
      chains, respectively, the diffusion-controlled rate constant is 0.003 and 0.002
      of that predicted from the simple von Smoluchowski model based on the diffusion
      coefficients and molecular sizes of uniformly reactive spherical molecules.
      Several models incorporating steric requirements are used to rationalize the
      results. These models indicate that steric requirements for reaction in the
      diffusion-controlled limits are not greatly different in the alpha and beta
      chains and are only slightly less stringent than for myoglobin.

PMID- 6830765
TI  - Hydrogen bonding between flavin and protein: a resonance Raman study.

PMID- 6830768
TI  - Effect of trifluoperazine on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.
AB  - The effect of trifluoperazine on the respiration of porcine liver and skeletal
      muscle mitochondria was investigated by polarographic and spectroscopic
      techniques. Low concentrations of trifluoperazine (88 nmol/mg protein) inhibited
      both the ADP- and Ca2+-stimulated oxidation of succinate, and reduced the values
      of the respiratory control index and the ADP/O and Ca2+/O ratio. High
      concentrations inhibited both succinate and ascorbate plus tetramethyl-p
      phenylenediame (TMPD) oxidations, and uncoupler (carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluromethoxyphenylhydrazone) and Ca2+-stimulated respiration. Porcine liver
      mitochondria were more sensitive to trifluoperazine than skeletal muscle
      mitochondria. Trifluoperazine inhibited the electron transport of succinate
      oxidation of skeletal muscle mitochondria within the cytochrome b-c1 and
      cytochrome c1-aa3 segments of the respiratory chain system. 233 nmol
      trifluoperazine/mg protein inhibited the aerobic steady-state reduction of
      cytochrome c1 by 92% with succinate as substrate, and of cytochrome c and
      cytochrome aa3 by 50-60% with ascorbate plus TMPD as electron donors.
      Trifluoperazine can thus inhibit calmodulin-independent reactions particularly
      when used at high concentrations.

PMID- 6830766
TI  - Separation and comparison of 2-thioribothymidine-containing transfer ribonucleic
      acid and the ribothymidine-containing counterpart from cells of Thermus
      thermophilus HB 8.
AB  - For the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB 8, a positive correlation was
      observed among the growth temperatures of the cells, the melting temperature, and
      the 2-thioribothymidine (s2T) content of tRNA extracted from cells grown at
      various temperatures [Watanabe, K., Shinma, M., Oshima, T., & Nishimura, S.
      (1976) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 72, 1137-1144]. On the basis of these
      observations, studies were carried out from which the following results were
      obtained. (1) Both RNase T1 and U2 digestions of tRNA gave only four fragments
      containing s2T or T: s2T psi CGp, s2T psi CAp, T psi CGp, and T psi CAp. For the
      different growth temperatures, the ratio of the content of s2T psi CGp plus s2T
      psi CAp to that of T psi CGp plus T psi CAp was almost the same as that of the
      s2Tp to Tp content reported previously. (2) The midpoint of the s2T-specific
      circular dichroism spectral change induced by heat was constant for all tRNAs
      extracted from cells grown at various temperatures, suggesting that the s2T
      containing tRNAs melt at about the same temperature, which is independent of the
      growth temperature of cells. (3) s2T-containing tRNA was separated from the T
      containing counterpart quantitatively by a specific modification of s2T with
      bromoaceto-2,4-dinitroanilide followed by BD-cellulose column chromatography. The
      molar ratio of the s2T- and T-containing tRNAs was also similar to that of s2Tp
      to Tp as mentioned above. These results demonstrate that T. thermophilus cells
      have both s2T- and T-containing tRNAs, whose relative content is controlled by
      the growth temperature. This phenomenon may be necessary to enable the
      thermophile to adapt to higher temperatures.

PMID- 6830767
TI  - Adenine nucleotide transport in hepatoma mitochondria. Characterization of
      factors influencing the kinetics of ADP and ATP uptake.
AB  - Initial velocity measurements of [3H]ADP and [3H]ATP uptake have been made with
      mitochondria isolated from Morris hepatomas of differing growth rates, and
      factors known to influence the rates of nucleotide exchange have been examined in
      an effort to determine whether the elevated rates of aerobic glycolysis in these
      tumors can be attributed to altered carrier activity. These studies included the
      determination of the apparent kinetic constants for nucleotide uptake as a
      function of the mitochondrial energy state and the dependence of transport rates
      on temperature. Also included in these studies were measurements of the
      mitochondrial levels of endogenous inhibitors, divalent cations and internal
      adenine nucleotides. Results obtained showed that with mitochondria isolated from
      the various tumor lines, the apparent kinetic constants for nucleotide uptake are
      different from those of control rat or regenerating liver mitochondria; the
      apparent Vmax values for both ADP and ADP uptake are significantly lower.
      Furthermore, under conditions of a high-energy state, the Km and Vmax values for
      ATP uptake are greater than the Km and Vmax value for ADP uptake but that under
      uncoupled conditions, the opposite is observed. Comparison of the levels of
      mitochondrial Ca2+, Mg2+, long-chain acyl-CoA ester and adenine nucleotide from
      the various mitochondria showed that important differences exist between liver
      and hepatoma mitochondria in the levels of Ca2+, long-chain acyl-CoA ester and
      AMP. Mitochondrial Ca2+ levels are elevated 3-5--fold in all tumor lines, and for
      Morris 7777 hepatoma (a rapidly growing tumor) by a remarkable 70-fold; whereas
      the levels of acyl-CoA ester and AMP are significantly lower in the more rapidly
      growing tumors. Arrhenius plots for nucleotide uptake in mitochondria from liver
      and hepatoma are characterized as being biphasic, having similar activation
      energies above and below the break point temperature (28-38 and 6-16 kcal/mol,
      respectively). However, the transition temperature for mitochondria from the
      various hepatomas is uniformly 4-5 degrees C lower than mitochondria from control
      liver. The latter difference may reflect a variation in membrane composition,
      most probably lipid components. It is concluded that the presence of elevated
      levels of Ca2+ and lower levels of AMP in hepatoma mitochondria and difference of
      membrane compositions may play an important role in limiting adenine nucleotide
      transport activity in vivo and that the impaired carrier activity may contribute
      to higher rates of aerobic glycolysis observed in these tumors.

PMID- 6830769
TI  - A cyanine dye tri-S-C7(5). Phosphate-dependent cationic uncoupler of oxidative
      phosphorylation in mitochondria.
AB  - The trinuclear cyanine dye, tri-S-C7(5), at about 10 microM stimulated State 4
      respiration of rat liver mitochondria more than 6-fold and released oligomycin
      inhibited respiration completely. Thus, the dye is concluded to be a very
      effective cationic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
      However, for exhibition of its uncoupling action, the presence of Pi (or
      arsenate) was necessary, and a phosphate-transport inhibitor, N-ethylmaleimide or
      mersalyl, inhibited its action. The stimulation of phosphate transport via the Pi
      carrier by the dye is suggested to be directly related to the uncoupling action.

PMID- 6830770
TI  - Differentiation-related differences in the plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry
      of myogenic and fibrogenic cells.
AB  - We have determined the asymmetric distribution of two aminophospholipids
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane of chick
      embryo fibroblast and myoblasts. Right-side-out membrane preparations were
      incubated with two different amidating reagents, trinitrobenzenesulfonate and
      isethionylacetimidate, under nonpenetrating conditions. Inside-out membranes were
      incubated with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. In fibroblasts, the similar plateau
      values suggested that 35% of the phosphatidylethanolamine and 20% of the
      phosphatidylserine is externally disposed. These values agree with previous
      measurements on fibroblast plasma membranes. In myoblasts, however, labelling
      plateaux were achieved which suggested that 65% of the phosphatidylethanolamine
      and 45% of the phosphatidylserine is externally disposed. This represents a 2-3
      fold increase in potentially fusogenic lipids on the external leaflet of the
      plasma membrane. This unique distribution of aminophospholipids in myoblasts
      extends through the stage of development during which myoblasts become competent
      to fuse and form myotubes in culture. Two inferences may be drawn from these
      results. First, the external concentration of aminophospholipids in myoblasts is
      enriched significantly over that of fibroblasts or erythrocytes. This orientation
      may contribute to its fusion competence. Second, although large amounts of
      externally disposed aminophospholipid may be necessary for myoblast fusion, they
      do not confer fusion competence.

PMID- 6830771
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of basolateral membranes from rat proximal
      colonic epithelial cells.
AB  - The isolation of basolateral membranes from rat proximal colonic epithelial cells
      is described. Cells were harvested using a technique combining chelation of
      divalent cations with mechanical dissociation. After homogenization, differential
      centrifugation yielded a 'crude' membrane fraction which was further purified
      using sucrose density centrifugation. The final membrane fraction was enriched 10
      14-fold over homogenate in ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium dependent adenosine
      triphosphatase and ouabain-sensitive potassium-dependent phosphatase specific
      activities. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this membrane revealed at
      least 18 protein bands with molecular weights of 14600-200000.
      Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, free cholesterol
      and fatty acids were the major lipid components of this membrane. The predominant
      fatty acids were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1), stearic (18:0) and linoleic
      (18:2) acid. Membranes and their liposomes were studied, using the lipid soluble
      fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), by steady-state fluorescence
      polarization. The fluorescence anisotropy was greater in the intact membranes
      compared to their liposomes, indicating greater fluidity in the liposomes.
      Compositional studies suggested that the high fluidity of this membrane was due
      to its low ratios of protein/lipid (w/w), cholesterol/phospholipid (mol/mol), and
      sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine (mol/mol).

PMID- 6830772
TI  - Effects of ATP on Na+ transport and membrane potential in inside-out renal
      basolateral vesicles.
AB  - We have studied Na+ transport in inside-out basolateral membrane vesicles
      isolated from rabbit kidney cortex. The addition of ATP in the presence of Mg2+
      to the outside of K+-loaded vesicles induced a rapid influx of Na+ against its
      chemical gradient. Whereas intravesicular K+ was required, extravesicular K+ was
      inhibitory. ATP-dependent Na+ uptake was inhibited by intravesicular, but not
      extravesicular ouabain, while extravesicular vanadate was inhibitory. Evaluation
      of changes in membrane potential using the lipophilic cation
      triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+) demonstrated hyperpolarization of the membrane
      voltage after MgATP addition. Changing membrane potential from zero to -40 mV had
      no effect on ATP-dependent Na+ transport. The potential produced MgATP was
      inhibited by valinomycin and by protoinophores, but not by vanadate or ouabain.
      By contrast, the hyperpolarization that occurred in mitochondria after MgATP
      addition was inhibited by 75% by vanadate. We conclude that the properties of the
      renal basolateral sodium pump are qualitatively similar to those found in red
      cell and nerve and that these membranes probably also contain an electrogenic
      proton pump.

PMID- 6830773
TI  - Proteins and glycoproteins in plasma membranes and in the membrane lamellae
      produced by purified oligodendroglia in culture.
AB  - Oligodendroglial plasma membranes are complex structures composed of a
      heterogeneous mixture of proteins and glycoproteins. The Coomassie stained gel
      patterns showed a maximum of 40 proteins with molecular weights ranging from
      greater than 200,000 to 12,500. Autoradiography was used to detect binding of
      radioiodinated lectins to glycoproteins. With concanavalin A, 5 major
      glycoproteins were seen; with wheat germ agglutinin, 2 major glycoproteins with
      approximate molecular weights of 95,000 and 78,000 were found; with Ulex
      europaeus, 7 major glycoproteins were observed. Additional minor bands were also
      seen. The impermeant probe diazodi[125I]iodosulfanilic acid was used to
      radiolabel intact cells. It was found that 5 major proteins were radiolabeled in
      the plasma membranes. In all cases, the whorls of membrane lamellae produced in
      culture by oligodendroglia tend to have a somewhat less complicated pattern with
      fewer proteins and glycoproteins than the plasma membranes. However, the whorls
      of membrane lamellae have far more complicated protein patterns than myelin.

PMID- 6830774
TI  - Isolation of cardiac membrane proteolipids by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. A comparison of reticular and sarcolemmal proteolipids,
      phospholamban and calciductin.
AB  - Membrane-bound phosphorylatable proteolipids were reported to play a role in the
      regulation of transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes by catecholamines. A generally applicable
      purification procedure is described by which such proteolipids as the cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholamban is purified by solvent extraction followed
      by high pressure liquid chromatography on microparticulate silica. Phospholamban
      is thereby purified with a yield of 3.37 mg from 100 mg of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      proteins, significantly higher than that obtained by any of the previously
      reported procedures. It appeared homogeneous upon dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis where it is stained by Coomassie blue and detected by
      autoradiography. The same procedure is applicable to cardiac sarcolemmal
      calciductin. Both proteolipids exhibit the same Mr 11 000 and pI 3.7 upon two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. Their amino acid compositions are very similar
      if not identical. This raises the intriguing possibility that phospholamban and
      calciductin are identical though they obviously belong to different membranes.

PMID- 6830778
TI  - Subcellular localisation of leucine aminopeptidase in human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and
      subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. The gradient fractions were assayed for leucine aminopeptidase
      and for principal organelle marker enzymes. Leucine aminopeptidase, when assayed
      with both L-leucine-7-amido-4-methyl-coumarin and leucyl-2-naphthylamide as
      substrate, showed a unimodal distribution with an equilibrium density of 1.18 g X
      cm-3. This distribution was quite distinct from that exhibited by marker enzymes
      for all the recognized subcellular organelles: there was no leucine
      aminopeptidase associated with the plasma membrane. Fractionation experiments
      with neutrophils treated with isotonic sucrose containing a low concentration of
      digitonin, and studies with the non-permeant ectoenzyme inhibitor, diazotised
      sulphanilic acid, confirmed that leucine aminopeptidase had a purely
      intracellular localisation. Fractionation experiments with neutrophils
      homogenised in sucrose medium containing digitonin, showed leucine aminopeptidase
      associated with a membrane fraction. It is suggested that leucine aminopeptidase
      is located to the membrane of a previously unrecognised population of cytoplasmic
      granules of the human neutrophil.

PMID- 6830780
TI  - Phospholipid transfer protein-mediated incorporation and subcellular distribution
      of exogenous phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in cultured neuroblastoma
      cells.
AB  - Murine neuroblastoma cells (strain N1E-115) were incubated with 2-[fatty acyl-14
      C]acylphosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin or phosphatidylcholine/[choline
      3H]sphingomyelin liposomes (1:1, mol/mol; 1.2 mumol total lipid/mg cell protein)
      in the presence of partially purified rat liver phospholipid transfer protein
      (2.5 mg/ml), cytochalasin B (50 microM) and 2-deoxyglucose (50 mM) for 10 min.
      Washed cells were chased for periods of up to 45 min at 37 degrees C with medium
      containing transfer protein and unlabeled liposomes. Total transfer protein
      dependent incorporation of [14C]phosphatidylcholine ([14C] PC) and
      [3H]sphingomyelin was 136.7 +/- 26.5(n = 5) and 23.7 +/- 5.4(n = 6) nmol/mg
      protein per 10 min incubation, respectively, (mean +/- S.D.). Incorporation of
      [14C]PC into the mitochondrial membrane fraction was 128-fold greater (nmol/mg
      protein) than incorporation of [3H]sphingomyelin. In contrast, incorporation of
      [3H]sphingomyelin into a fraction enriched in plasma membrane and into microsomes
      was 1.4- and 2.6-fold greater, respectively, than incorporation of [14C]PC.
      During the chase periods, the specific activities of total cellular phospholipids
      decreased as intact [14C]PC and [3H]sphingomyelin accumulated in the culture
      medium. In the case of cells labeled with [14C]PC, the effect was due primarily
      to a decrease in the amount of labeled phospholipid in the mitochondrial
      fraction; in the case of cells labeled with [3H]sphingomyelin, the decrease in
      activity was greatest in microsomal and plasma membrane phospholipids. The rate
      and extent of non-endocytotic incorporation of exogenous phosphatidylcholine into
      the cell membrane of cultured neuroblastoma cells, and its subsequent subcellular
      disposition, is different from that of exogenous sphingomyelin. Whereas PC is
      evidently incorporated into and turned over most rapidly in fraction enriched in
      mitochondrial membranes, sphingomyelin appears to be preferentially incorporated
      into microsomal and plasma membrane.

PMID- 6830775
TI  - Phloretin is a potent inhibitor of rabbit neutrophil activation by chemotactic
      factors.
AB  - We have studied the effect of phloretin, a compound known to interfere with
      carrier mediated transport processes, on the functional responsiveness of rabbit
      neutrophils. Phloretin was found to inhibit neutrophil degranulation, aggregation
      and calcium uptake stimulated by the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe. Part of
      these effects of phloretin may be accounted for by its interference with the
      binding of the synthetic peptide to its plasma membrane receptors. However,
      phloretin also inhibits the arachidonic acid and leukotriene B4 induced calcium
      uptake. These results imply that phloretin affects a component of membrane
      structure which is central to the activation sequences available to the
      neutrophils. The results of the present experiments demonstrate that phloretin
      can interfere with stimulus-response coupling in soluble mediator ('hormone')
      responsive cells.

PMID- 6830777
TI  - Effect of phospholipase A on actions of cobra venom cardiotoxins on erythrocytes
      and skeletal muscle.
AB  - The actions of two phospholipase-free cardiotoxins from the venom of the cobra
      Naja naja siamensis were compared to phospholipase-contaminated cardiotoxins in
      terms of their ability to lyse human erythrocytes and to depolarize and contract
      skeletal muscle. The presence of 3-5% (w/w) phospholipase caused a 20-30-fold
      increase in the haemolytic activity of the two cardiotoxins, the pure
      cardiotoxins being virtually without haemolytic activity at 10(-7)-10(-6) M.
      Phospholipase contamination did not enhance the ability of the cardiotoxins to
      cause contracture of chick biventer cervicis muscles and it caused less than a 2
      fold increase in the depolarizing activity of the cardiotoxins on cultured
      skeletal muscle. Phospholipase-free cardiotoxins were about 10-20 times more
      active on cultured skeletal muscle fibres than on erythrocytes. These results
      support the hypothesis that some cardiotoxins have more affinity for the
      membranes of excitable cells than for those of other cells such as erythrocytes.

PMID- 6830776
TI  - Lytic activity of monomeric and oligomeric melittin.
AB  - The haemolytic activities of melittin and melittin tetramer as induced by high
      phosphate counterion concentration, were monitored. Monomeric melittin was found
      to be fully lytic, whilst tetrameric melittin lacked such activity. Under
      conditions where melittin was fully tetrameric attempts were made to covalently
      cross-link the native tetramer using a series of different chain length
      bifunctional imido esters. The cross-linked oligomers were fully lytic under
      conditions where melittin was demonstrated to lack such activity. This finding,
      together with molecular weight determinations and circular dichroism studies,
      indicated that the cross-linked melittin was quite different to the native
      tetramer. The haemolytic activity of melittin-containing solutions was related to
      the concentration of monomeric melittin. The effect of reduced dielectric
      constant (epsilon) on the aggregation behaviour of melittin and its derivatives
      was found to favour monomeric melittin.

PMID- 6830779
TI  - Butyrophilin, an apical plasma membrane-associated glycoprotein characteristic of
      lactating mammary glands of diverse species.
AB  - Lipid globule membranes were isolated from human and bovine milk and from the
      milk of sheep, goat, pig, rat and guinea pig, and their polypeptide compositions
      were analyzed. The major polypeptides with molecular weights similar to that of
      bovine butyrophilin were separated by gel electrophoresis, isolated and
      characterized with respect to isoelectric point, molecular weight, immunological
      cross-reactivity and peptide composition after proteolytic cleavage. We show that
      in all species examined these proteins are similar to bovine butyrophilin in (i)
      their relative insolubility in buffers of low and high ionic strength and in non
      denaturing detergents, (ii) the occurrence of several isoelectric variants, and
      (iii) patterns of peptides obtained by protease digestion. It is concluded that
      closely related proteins are major constituents of the cytoplasmic coat
      structures associated with milk lipid globule membranes of many species, and we
      propose the name butyrophilins for this group of proteins. Bovine and human
      butyrophilins are glycosylated with relatively large amounts of glucosamine,
      mannose, glucose and galactose but little fucose, sialic acids or galactosamine.
      Most if not all of the sugar residues are associated with an acetone-soluble
      peptide fragment of Mr 12000-16000 focusing at about pH 4.0. We suggest that this
      fragment contains a membrane-spanning peptide sequence and is involved in the
      attachment of the cytoplasmic coat to the membrane of the milk lipid globule.

PMID- 6830782
TI  - The locations of the three cysteine residues in the primary structure of the
      intrinsic segments of band 3 protein, and implications concerning the arrangement
      of band 3 protein in the bilayer.

PMID- 6830781
TI  - Dependence of Na+-Ca2+ exchange and Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange on monovalent cations.
AB  - Two mechanisms of passive Ca2+ transport, Na+-Ca2+ exchange and Ca2+-Ca2+
      exchange, were studied using highly-purified dog heart sarcolemmal vesicles.
      About 80% of the Ca2+ accumulated by Na+-Ca2+ exchange or Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange
      could be released as free Ca2+, while up to 20% was probably bound. Na+-Ca2+
      exchange was simultaneous, coupled countertransport of Na+ and Ca2+. The movement
      of anions during Na+-Ca2+ exchange did not limit the initial rate of Na+-Ca2+
      exchange. Na+-Ca2+ exchange was electrogenic, with a reversal potential of about 
      105 mV. The apparent flux ratio of Na+-Ca2+ exchange was 4 Na+:1 Ca2+. Coupled
      cation countertransport by the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism required a monovalent
      cation gradient with the following sequence of ion activation: Na+ much greater
      than Li+ greater than Cs+ greater than K+ greater than Rb+. In contrast to Na+
      Ca2+ exchange, Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange did not require a monovalent cation gradient,
      but required the presence of Ca2+ plus a monovalent cation on both sides of the
      vesicle membrane. The sequence of ion activation of Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange was: K+
      much greater than Rb+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+ greater than Cs+. Na+
      inhibited Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange when Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange was supported by another
      monovalent cation. Both Na+-Ca2+ exchange and Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange were inhibited,
      but with different sensitivities, by external MgCl2, quinidine, or verapamil.

PMID- 6830783
TI  - Membrane-bound tubulin in human platelets.
AB  - Platelet membranes contain colchicine-binding activity which is not due to
      cytoplasmic contamination. This activity could be solubilized, at least
      partially, by Triton X-100 and to a lesser degree by Lubrol PX. Nonidet P-40
      solubilized more colchicine-binding activity than was apparent in the intact, non
      detergent-treated membranes, indicating that some of the protein was available
      for binding in the latter. Normal membranes had a far higher binding capacity for
      the alkaloid vinblastine than for colchicine, both of which were measured under
      equilibrium conditions. Membrane tubulin was also identified by acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and immunologic precipitation. The protein had characteristics
      similar to the cytoplasmic form but was found to be more heat resistant. These
      findings establish with a high degree of certainty the presence of tubulin in the
      platelet membrane.

PMID- 6830785
TI  - Investigation on the interactions of peptides in the assembly of liposome and
      peptide by fluorescence.
AB  - The peptide-lipid and the peptide-peptide interactions of hydrophobic linear
      dipeptides containing tryptophan in liposome were investigated by fluorescence.
      The linear dipeptides were buried into the hydrophobic region of liposome to
      induce blue-shift of the fluorescence. With the addition of various anthracene
      derivatives to liposome, the energy transfer from tryptophan to anthryl group
      took place, which increased as the temperature decreased below the phase
      transition temperature of the membrane. This phenomenon was explained in terms of
      the phase separation of the membrane, in which crystalline regions without the
      probes and the domains containing high concentrations of probes are intermixed.
      The energy-transfer efficiency was larger in the case of peptide acceptors than
      lipid acceptors. This suggests the presence of special interactions between donor
      peptide and acceptor peptide.

PMID- 6830784
TI  - A cubic protein-monoolein-water phase.
AB  - A cubic monoacylglycerol-protein-water phase has been identified by low-angle X
      ray diffraction, and the main features of the ternary phase diagram
      monoolein/lysozyme/water are presented. The thermal stability of the protein in
      the lipid-protein cubic phase has been examined by differential scanning
      calorimetry. According to the physical properties of the phase it is proposed
      that the protein molecules are located in the water medium, i.e. in the water
      channel systems of the cubic structure earlier suggested. The ability of various
      proteins to form this cubic phase has been studied, and it was found that the
      formation of this phase is favoured by an isoelectric point (pI) far from pH 7 in
      a salt-free solution, thus by high electrostatic repulsive forces.

PMID- 6830786
TI  - A monomeric form of human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Purified detergent solubilized dimeric human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
      (6.3 S form) was converted to a stable monomeric 3.9 S species when treated with
      2-mercaptoethanol and iodoacetic acid. More than 60% of the enzymatic activity
      were recovered after this treatment. A decreased susceptibility to reduction and
      alkylation was observed with purified, detergent depleted acetylcholinesterase
      aggregates. When erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) were subjected to the same
      treatment, acetylcholinesterase could subsequently be solubilized as monomeric
      3.9 S form and and more than 90% of the activity were recovered. Monomeric
      acetylcholinesterase was less reactive towards antibodies raised against
      (dimeric) human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase and towards antibodies
      against human erythrocyte membranes. The results suggest that
      acetylcholinesterase is present as dimeric species in human erythrocyte membranes
      despite the fact that fully active monomers can be obtained.

PMID- 6830789
TI  - A new method of vesicle formation by salting-out and its application to the
      reconstitution of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - This paper describes a new method of forming membrane vesicles. It was found that
      the addition of salt such as KCl into a solution containing lipid (asolectin) and
      a non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-114, led to the formation of closed membrane
      vesicles. The vesicles were separated from Triton X-114 by hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography. Electron microscopy revealed that the mean diameter
      of the vesicles was 110 nm +/- 69 nm (S.D.). Measurement of osmotic volume change
      showed that the permeability of the vesicle was very low to salts, sugar
      (glucose) and amphoteric ion (glycine), but very high to glycerol, ethylene
      glycol and water. Vesicle formation by this 'salting-out' method is very useful
      for reconstitution of transport systems in biomembranes because of its
      advantages: completion within a short time; high yield; and the possibility of
      utilizing samples in non-ionic surfactant solution. When we applied the method to
      the reconstitution of sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+-ATPase was incorporated into
      the reconstituted vesicles and was enzymatically active in the membrane.

PMID- 6830788
TI  - Analysis of two chloride requirements for sodium-dependent amino acid and glucose
      transport by intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles of fish.
AB  - Intestinal brush border vesicles of a Mediterranean sea fish (Dicentrarchus
      labrax) were prepared using the Ca2+-sedimentation method. The transport of
      glucose, glycine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid is energized by an Na+ gradient (out
      greater than in). In addition, amino acid uptake requires Cl- in the
      extravesicular medium (2-aminoisobutyric acid more than glycine). This Na+- and
      Cl--dependent uptake is electrogenic, since it can be stimulated by negative
      charges inside the vesicles. The specific Cl- requirement of glycine and 2
      aminoisobutyric acid transport is markedly influenced by pH, a change from 6.5 to
      8.4 reducing the role played by Cl-. In the presence of Cl-, the Km of 2
      aminoisobutyric acid uptake is reduced and its Vmax is enhanced. Cl- affects also
      a non-saturable Na+-dependent component of this amino acid uptake. Amino acid
      transport is also increased by intravesicular Cl- (2-aminoisobutyric acid less
      than glycine). This effect is more concerned with glucose uptake, which can be
      then multiplied by 2.3. A concentration gradient (in greater than out) as well as
      the presence of Na+ in the incubation medium seems to enter into this
      requirement. This intravesicular Cl- effect is not influenced by pH between 6.5
      and 8.4.

PMID- 6830787
TI  - The concanavalin A receptor from human erythrocytes in lipid bilayer membranes.
      Interaction with concanavalin A and succinyl-concanavalin A.
AB  - The concanavalin A receptor from human erythrocyte membranes has been isolated by
      affinity chromatography using the mild, readily-dialyzable detergent
      dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The purified protein has been reincorporated
      into large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles using a detergent dialysis
      technique. The mean diameter of these vesicles increases as the lipid: protein
      ratio decreases. Binding of succinyl-concanavalin A to these vesicles was
      quantitated using 125I-labelled lectin in a filtration assay. The concanavalin A
      receptor in lipid bilayer vesicles provides specific high affinity binding sites
      for succinyl-concanavalin A with an association constant of 2.13 . 10(6) M-1.
      Scatchard plots indicate positive cooperativity of binding at very low lectin
      concentrations, a characteristic also seen in concanavalin A binding to intact
      human erythrocytes. The presence of bovine serum albumin has little effect on
      lectin binding and is not required for expression of cooperativity. Concanavalin
      A effectively competes with succinyl-concanavalin A for binding to the vesicles
      with an association constant of 4.83 . 10(6) M-1. Receptor-bearing vesicles are
      readily agglutinated by concanavalin A but not by its succinylated derivative.
      The kinetics of vesicle agglutination are biphasic, with an initial rapid phase
      followed by a pseudo-first order process. We suggest that studies on reassembled
      receptor proteins in lipid bilayers can provide valuable insight into receptor
      involvement in transmembrane signalling events and the factors involved in cell
      membrane behaviour and cell agglutination.

PMID- 6830790
TI  - Purification of plasma membranes from mouse parotid gland and membrane
      reorganization in response to isoproterenol.
AB  - Two highly purified plasma membrane fractions have been obtained from mouse
      parotid glands by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopycnic
      centrifugation in discontinuous sucrose gradients. The membranes were
      characterized by enzymic, chemical and morphological criteria. The effect of
      isoproterenol, which induces parotid acinar cells to proliferate, upon sialic
      acid and five different enzyme activities located in the plasma membrane
      phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.1), Mg2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.4), leucine aminopeptidase
      (EC 3.4.1.1), protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) and sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1),
      were quantified along the cell cycle. Plasma membrane sialic acid content falls
      30% within 30 min and remains depressed for at least 6 h with the major
      restoration towards normal levels occurring between 12 and 16 h later. In
      contrast multiple daily isoproterenol injections lead to a more than 2-fold
      elevation of sialic acid content. Sialyltransferase activity rises 2-fold by 12 h
      after isoproterenol treatment and then rapidly falls. This enzyme has a pH
      optimum of 6.5, requires a divalent cation for activity and is inhibited by
      Triton X-100. Other enzyme activities showed markedly different changes after
      isoproterenol stimulation, either increasing, decreasing or remaining unaltered.
      These continuous functional modifications suggest an active role of the plasma
      membrane in the control of the proliferative cycle.

PMID- 6830791
TI  - Binding of autologous IgG to human red blood cells before and after ATP
      depletion. Selective exposure of binding sites (autoantigens) on spectrin-free
      vesicles.
AB  - Binding of autologous IgG to fresh, ATP-depleted red blood cells as well as to
      spectrin-free vesicles was studied by a non-equilibrium binding assay using 125I
      iodinated protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. IgG binding was 14-times higher
      to spectrin-free vesicles than to ATP-maintaining red blood cells and 4-times
      higher than to ATP-depleted erythrocytes from which these vesicles were released.
      Protein A binding to vesicles that were released from washed and nutrient
      deprived erythrocytes, was dependent on added autologous IgG. However, spectrin
      free vesicles that were spontaneously released from erythrocytes conserved in
      whole blood, bound similar amounts of protein A with or without added autologous
      IgG (0.45-0.55 ng/micrograms band 3 protein). These findings demonstrate that
      opsonization of spectrin-free vesicles by autologous IgG occurs not only in the
      test tube, but also under blood blank conditions. The binding characteristics of
      IgG to spectrin-free vesicles are indicative of a natural autoantibody rather
      than an unspecific binding of autologous IgG. The preferential binding of IgG to
      spectrin-free vesicles implies a selective exposure of corresponding autoantigens
      in membrane regions that have lost cytoskeletal anchorage and bud off.

PMID- 6830792
TI  - Fluorescence studies of the blood platelet membranes associated with fibrinogen.
AB  - To follow microviscosity changes in membranes associated with fibrinogen binding
      to human platelets, specific fluorescent probes were used and their fluorescence
      anisotropy was analysed. The degree of fluorescence anisotropy of
      diphenylhexatriene, anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and fluorescamine
      increased significantly when fibrinogen reacted with its membrane receptors.
      Fluorescence polarization analyses showed that fibrinogen binding to platelet
      membranes is accompanied by an increase in the membrane lipid rigidity. On the
      other hand, changes in the fluorescence anisotropy of membrane tryptophans and N
      (3-pyrene)maleimide suggest augmented mobility of the membrane proteins. The
      binding of fibrinogen to the membrane receptors is not accompanied by any change
      in the fluorescence intensity of ANS attached to the membranes. This may suggest
      that covering of platelets with fibrinogen molecules does not influence the
      surface membrane charge.

PMID- 6830793
TI  - Compartmentation of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine formed by base-exchange
      reaction in rat brain microsomes.
AB  - The compartmentation of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) formed by base
      exchange reaction in rat brain microsomal vesicles has been investigated. After
      labelling membrane PE by base-exchange in vitro, microsomal vesicles were treated
      with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The amount of membrane PE reacting with
      TNBS depends on the duration and the temperature of the reaction as well as on
      the TNBS concentration. It was found that almost all of the labelled PE
      molecules, but only about 24% of membrane PE, were accessible to TNBS, under very
      mild reaction conditions. It is concluded that PE labelled by base-exchange is
      completely localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of microsomal vesicles.

PMID- 6830795
TI  - The state of association of band 3 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane in
      solutions of nonionic detergents.
AB  - Band 3 protein, the anion transport protein of the human erythrocyte membrane,
      was solubilized and purified in aqueous solutions of two nonionic detergents:
      Ammonyx-LO (dimethyl laurylamine oxide) and C12E9 (nonaethylene glycol lauryl
      ether). The state of association of the purified protein was studied by
      analytical ultracentrifugation. Band 3 protein solubilized and studied in
      solutions of Ammonyx-LO was found to be in a monomer/dimer/tetramer association
      equilibrium. Band 3 protein freshly prepared in C12 E9 showed the same behaviour;
      however, during aging the protein was converted into stable noncovalent dimers.
      The conversion was retarded by the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol or by
      treatment of the samples with iodoacetamide; it seems to be due to oxidation of
      the protein by degradation products of the detergent. It is concluded that a
      monomer/dimer/tetramer association equilibrium is the native state of association
      of band 3 protein solubilized by nonionic detergents. Since nonionic detergents
      are assumed not to interfere with protein-protein interactions among membrane
      proteins, the results strongly support the claim that, in the erythrocyte
      membrane, band 3 is in a monomer/dimer/tetramer association equilibrium (Dorst,
      H.-J. and Schubert, D. (1979) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 360, 1605-1618).

PMID- 6830794
TI  - Phospholipid dependence of the anion transport system of the human erythrocyte
      membrane. Studies on reconstituted band 3/lipid vesicles.
AB  - Band 3 protein extracted from human erythrocyte membranes by Triton X-100 was
      recombined with the major classes of phospholipid occurring in the erythrocyte
      membrane. The resulting vesicle systems were characterized with respect to
      recoveries, phospholipid composition, protein content and vesicle size as well as
      capacity and activation energy of sulfate transport. Transport was classified
      into band-3-specific fluxes and unspecific permeability by inhibitors. Transport
      number (sulfate ions per band 3 per minute) served as a measure of functional
      therapy after reconstitution. The transport properties of band 3 proved to be
      insensitive to replacement of phosphatidylcholine by phosphatidylethanolamine,
      while sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine gradually inactivated band-3-specific
      anion transport when present at mole fractions exceeding 30 mol%. The activation
      energy of transport remained unaltered in spite of the decrease in transport
      numbers. The results, which are discussed in terms of requirements of band 3
      protein function with respect to the fluidity and surface charge of its lipid
      environment, provide a new piece of evidence that the transport function of band
      3 protein depends on the properties of its lipid environment just as the
      catalytic properties of some other membrane enzymes. The well-established species
      differences in anion transport (Gruber, W. and Deuticke, B. (1973) J. Membrane
      Biol. 13, 19-36) may to some extent reflect this lipid dependence.

PMID- 6830796
TI  - Measurement of sodium ion concentration in the unstirred layer of rat small
      intestine by polymer Na+-sensitive electrodes.
AB  - The concentration of sodium ion at the surface of rat small intestine both in
      vitro and in vivo was measured with plastic polymer sodium ion sensitive
      electrodes. In vitro the surface sodium ion concentration [Nas+] was found to be
      significantly higher than bulk bathing solutions of 25 mM concentration. This
      value could be increased by the addition of glucose to the medium and was
      significantly higher in the jejunum than in the ileum. Ouabain, deoxycholic acid
      and dithiothreitol all reduced the [Nas+] under in vitro conditions. In vivo,
      very high values for [Nas+] were found in the jejunum (approx. 80 mM) when the
      bulk concentration was 25 mM, indicating a substantial local accumulation of
      sodium ion at or near the brush border. This could be reduced by omission of
      glucose from the buffer and further reduced when magnesium was the substituent
      cation rather than choline. Consequently, in vivo, an appropriately orientated
      sodium ion gradient persists in the face of adverse tissue to bulk solution
      concentration gradients and potentially explains why solute absorption occurs
      under these circumstances. The further reduction of the correctly aligned sodium
      ion gradient, as required by the gradient hypothesis, by magnesium-substituted
      buffers and indicates that there is no real need to postulate additionally a
      sodium-independent magnesium-sensitive glucose transport system in vivo.

PMID- 6830798
TI  - Distribution and transport of apo- and holocytochrome b5 in the endoplasmic
      reticulum of rat liver.
AB  - The transport and distribution of apo- and holocytochrome b5 was investigated
      with the aid of specific antibodies. The holoenzyme was found to be localized
      mainly in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi system but
      some precipitation could also be obtained in the outer mitochondrial membranes
      and in the peroxisomes. The apoenzyme, however, could only be detected in the
      endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi system, which also was shown to be the sole site for
      incorporation of the prosthetic heme moiety. Time-course studies revealed that
      the labeled enzyme appeared both as apoenzyme and as holoenzyme in the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum 10 min after in vivo injection of radioactive leucine and
      that further transport to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum occurred within 10
      min. The subsequent transport to other organelles, however, required a somewhat
      longer time and peak radioactivity in outer mitochondrial membranes was not
      attained until after 40 min.

PMID- 6830797
TI  - The effect of trifluoroperazine on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of trifluoroperazine (25-200 microM) on the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum calcium pump was studied in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated
      from skeletal muscle. It was found that the lowest effective concentrations of
      trifluoroperazine (10 microM) displaces the Ca2+ dependence of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum ATPase to higher Ca2+ concentrations. Higher trifluoroperazine
      concentrations (100 microM) inhibit the enzyme even at saturating Ca2+. If
      trifluoroperazine is added to vesicles filled with calcium in the presence of
      ATP, inhibition of the catalytic cycle is accompanied by rapid release of
      accumulated calcium. ATPase inhibition and calcium release are produced by
      identical concentrations of trifluoroperazine and, most likely, by the same
      enzyme perturbation. These effects are related to partition of trifluoroperazine
      ino the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, and consequent alteration of the enzyme
      assembly within the membrane structure, and of the bilayer surface properties.
      The effect of trifluoroperazine was also studied on dissociated ('chemically
      skinned') cardiac cells undergoing phasic contractile activity which is totally
      dependent on calcium uptake and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum, and is not
      influenced by inhibitors of slow calcium channels. It was found that
      trifluoroperazine interferes with calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum in
      situ, as well as with the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in contractile
      activation.

PMID- 6830799
TI  - Functional reassembly of lymphocyte lentil lectin receptor glycoproteins into
      lipid bilayer vesicles.
AB  - Plasma membrane vesicles purified from pig mesenteric lymph nodes were
      solubilized using the mild, readily-dialyzable detergent dodecyltrimethylammonium
      bromide, and lentil lectin receptor glycoproteins were isolated by affinity
      chromatography. The receptor fraction showed 12 major bands on SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis representing 8-9% of the membrane protein. 5'-Nucleotidase
      (EC 3.1.3.5) was very effectively solubilized by the detergent and was recovered
      in high yield in the receptor fraction. Receptor glycoproteins were reassembled
      into large unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (mean
      diameter 0.235 microm) using a detergent dialysis technique. Sixty to seventy
      percent of the glycoprotein and most of the 5'-nucleotidase activity is
      associated with the phospholipid vesicles. 5'-Nucleotidase is reassembled in a
      symmetrical fashion and is inhibited by binding of concanavalin A, lentil lectin
      and pea lectin but not by succinyl-concanavalin A. Measured values for Ki and
      maximal inhibition are similar to those observed with intact plasma membrane
      vesicles. Hemagglutination inhibition studies showed that the reassembled
      receptors effectively bind lentil lectin. Thus lymphocyte membrane glycoproteins
      reassembled into phospholipid vesicles seem to retain at least part of their
      function in that enzyme activities such as 5'-nucleotidase remain intact and the
      receptors effectively bind lentil lectin.

PMID- 6830800
TI  - Germ cell nucleosomes contain remodeled core protein complex.
AB  - Electrophoretic analysis of the nucleosomal histones from MN1 and MN2
      subpopulations of the seminiferous tubules in gels containing either 6.25 or 2.5
      M urea revealed the presence of testis specific histone H2S, H1 and protein 'A'
      in addition to the somatic histones in the core protein complex. Size analysis
      indicated the presence of a 150-160 bp DNA segment in the MNI subpopulation,
      whereas, an approx 180 bp DNA fragment was present in the MN2 subpopulation of
      both liver and tubule nucleosomes. These data suggest an extensive remodeling of
      the nucleosomal core protein complex during mammalian spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6830801
TI  - Rapid modulation by progesterone and tamoxifen of estradiol effects on nuclear
      histone acetylation in the uterus of the fetal guinea pig.
AB  - The effect of estradiol, progesterone, tamoxifen, estradiol + progesterone or
      estradiol + tamoxifen on the [3H]acetylation of histones in the fetal uterus of
      guinea pig was studied. The fetuses were injected subcutaneously 'in situ' with
      the hormones or tamoxifen + [3H]acetate alone. In 10 min, estradiol stimulated
      the acetylation of histone 10-12-times with respect to the control animals.
      Progesterone and tamoxifen blocked this effect. It is suggested that histone
      acetylation is an early step induced by estrogen action during intrauterine life
      and that progesterone and tamoxifen suppress this mechanism very effectively.

PMID- 6830803
TI  - In vivo study of developmental changes in carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in rat
      liver. Repression of the enzyme synthesis immediately after birth.
AB  - The regulatory mechanism of the developmental increase of carbamoyl-phosphate
      synthetase I in fetal and neonatal rat liver was studied in vivo. The appearance
      and rapid increase of the enzyme in late fetal period were caused by de novo
      synthesis of the enzyme protein. The amount of the enzyme protein analyzed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was proportional to the enzyme activity
      throughout the period of development. No indication was observed for preexisting
      protein which could be converted into the active protein. A novel system for the
      in vivo study of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I synthesis was developed.
      Hepatocytes, mechanically dispersed by repeated passage of the tissue through a
      pipet, incorporated [35S]methionine into the enzyme. Taking advantage of this
      system, the regulation of the enzyme synthesis was studied. In vivo synthesis of
      the enzyme was detected at 4 days before birth and rapidly increased until 1 day
      before birth. However, the enzyme synthesis was markedly repressed after birth,
      when the amount of carmamoyl-phosphate synthetase I itself reached the adult
      level. This result was in a clear contrast with the constant level of the
      translatable mRNA (Raymond, Y. and Shore, G.C. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 656,
      111-119) and suggested that post-transcriptional regulation is important in
      addition to the level of mRNA for the regulation of the carbamoyl-phosphate
      synthetase I level.

PMID- 6830804
TI  - Studies on synthetic chromatins containing poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG
      dC) X poly(dG-dC).
AB  - Core histones (H2A,H2B,H3,H4)2, were reconstituted with the synthetic
      polynucleotides poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) to yield
      synthetic chromatins containing 200 basepairs per octamer. These synthetic
      chromatins displayed a 36% decrease in the circular dichroism (CD) peak
      ellipticity from the value of the polynucleotide free in solution; the poly(dA
      dT) X poly(dA-dT)/chromatin showed an increase in the complexity of the thermal
      denaturation profile compared to that of the polynucleotide. Both the temperature
      of maximum dh/dT for each transition (Tm) and the relative amount of poly(dA-dT)
      X poly(dA-dT) in the synthetic chromatin melting in each of the four thermal
      transitions is a function of the ionic strength over the 0-5 mM sodium phosphate
      range (0.25 mM EDTA, pH 7.0); a shift of material toward higher melting
      transitions was observed with increasing ionic strength. The CD peak ellipticity
      value for both synthetic chromatins was ionic strength-independent over the 0-5
      mM sodium phosphate range. These results are in contrast to those observed with
      H1/H5 stripped chicken erythrocyte chromatin (Fulmer, A. and Fasman, G.D. (1979)
      Biopolymers 18, 2875-2891), where an ionic strength dependence was found.
      Differences in the CD spectra between poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT)/chromatin,
      poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC)/chromatin and H1/H5 stripped chicken erythrocyte
      chromatin suggest subtle differences in assembly. Finally, the temperature
      dependence of the CD spectra of poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT)-containing synthetic
      chromatin, which is similar to that for the polynucleotide, suggests the core
      histone bound polynucleotide has a large degree of conformational flexibility
      allowing it to undergo the premelt transition.

PMID- 6830805
TI  - Seasonal variation in the level of antifreeze protein mRNA from the winter
      flounder.
AB  - Livers from winter flounder collected at monthly intervals throughout the year
      were analyzed for their content of antifreeze protein mRNA. Putative mRNA was
      detected in liver RNAs from summer fish by liquid hybridization to kinetically
      purified antifreeze protein cDNA. These mRNA sequences were shown by Northern
      blot analysis to be of the same length as mature antifreeze protein mRNA isolated
      from winter fish, and were able to direct the incorporation of alanine into a
      translation product which comigrated with antifreeze preproprotein. The build-up
      of antifreeze protein mRNA levels in the autumn and their decline in the spring
      to summer levels were measured by liquid hybridization. These seasonal
      fluctuations match closely, but slightly precede, the rise and fall in plasma
      osmolality due to the presence of antifreeze protein. In mid-winter 0.5% of the
      total liver RNA is antifreeze protein mRNA, and although by late August the level
      of this mRNA has declined to 0.0007% of the total RNA, at no time during the
      summer is the mRNA undetectable. These results suggest that antifreeze protein
      production is more likely to be regulated by changing the rate of transcription
      of their genes than by switching them between active and inactive states.

PMID- 6830802
TI  - The origin of multiple polypeptides of molecular weight below 110 000 encoded by
      tobacco mosaic virus RNA in the messenger-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
AB  - Multiple polypeptides encoded by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA in the messenger
      dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate are not attributable to contaminating 3'
      coterminal RNA fragments, multiple leaky termination codons or endonuclease
      activity opening-up legitimate or spurious internal initiation sites.
      Quantitative analysis of polypeptides encoded over a range of added RNA
      concentrations from 0.09 microgram X ml-1 to 180 micrograms X ml-1 compared with
      those synthesized in response to size-fractionated RNAs from a crude virus
      preparation, or with RNA extracted from the alkali-stable fraction of TMV suggest
      that apart from four legitimate virus-coded products of apparent Mr approx. 165
      000, 110 000, 30 000 and 17 500 all other polypeptides arise from the overlapping
      5'-proximal cistrons either by (i) site-selective endonucleolytic cleavage, (ii)
      sense codon misreading, or (iii) specific regions of secondary structure on TMV
      RNA which impede ribosome translocation.

PMID- 6830806
TI  - Artemia hemoglobins. Increase in net synthesis of the beta-polypeptide (relative
      to the alpha-polypeptide) in hypoxia.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that in the brine shrimp there are three dimeric
      hemoglobins with polypeptide composition alpha 2, alpha beta, beta 2.
      Concentrations of the alpha- and beta-polypeptides increase in hypoxia. We now
      report a two-dimensional electrophoretic method for assay of radiolabelled
      polypeptides in each hemoglobin. Net synthesis (synthesis minus degradation) of
      the beta-chain, relative to that of the alpha-chain, increases more than 3-fold
      (in male and female adults) within 3 days following a downshift in oxygen
      concentration from 0.2 to 0.1 mM in the culture medium. 3 days after downshift (2
      days after in vivo incorporation of radiolabelled leucine), the beta-homodimer
      contained 10-20% of the radiolabel in the three hemoglobins although beta 2 was
      usually not detectable in the protein stain of an overloaded gel. The amount of
      radioactive leucine incorporated per unit amount of protein was more than 300
      times greater in the beta 2 homodimer than in the beta-subunit of the
      heterodimer, suggesting that beta 2 does not dissociate rapidly during
      electrophoresis on the first dimension non-denaturing gel. This evidence for
      stable association of the two beta-monomers and the 5-8 heme-binding domains
      within each monomer (in vivo and during electrophoresis on non-denaturing gels)
      allows us to exclude one of two alternative interpretations of genetic data
      published previously. We present an independent line of evidence for the dimer
      model of the native hemoglobins (which states that each polypeptide has many heme
      binding domains).

PMID- 6830807
TI  - Estimation of domain length of chicken erythrocyte chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin of chicken erythrocyte nuclei was extracted by digestion with
      micrococcal nuclease. The length distribution of the soluble chromatin was
      determined by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. These results were
      fitted with a theoretical distribution which was an outcome of the domain model
      proposed by Igo-Kemenes and Zachau (Igo-Kemenes, T. and H.G. Zachau (1977) Cold
      Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. 42, 109-118). A domain length of 45 kbp was
      obtained.

PMID- 6830808
TI  - Denaturation level of DNA-Pt complexes evidenced by Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement
      and electric dichroism.
AB  - The Tb3+ fluorescence is greatly enhanced, as a result of binding of various
      platinum coordination complexes to DNA, as compared to native DNA. The largest
      enhancement is observed for cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 but the fluorescence intensity does
      not however reach the level attained for thermally denatured DNA.
      Diethylenetriamine-Pt(II) produces very little increase of Tb3+ fluorescence. The
      electric dichroism in the DNA absorption band drastically decreases upon binding
      of the various Pt compounds investigated except diethylenetriamine-Pt. The
      results are discussed in terms of the various modes of binding of Pt derivatives
      to DNA, particularly in relation to the level of denaturation of the double
      helix.

PMID- 6830809
TI  - Alteration in the nucleosome and chromatin structures upon interaction with
      platinum coordination complexes.
AB  - The interaction of various platinum coordination complexes with nucleosomes and
      chromatin has been investigated by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry,
      circular and electric linear dichroism, and thermal denaturation, at low binding
      ratios (r less than 0.1-0.2). The general trend of the changes in these
      physicochemical properties is similar to that observed for the DNA-platinum
      complexes, which indicates that the same binding sites are involved in the
      platinum interaction with DNA and with its nucleoprotein complex. The cis
      bidentate ligands, cis-dichlorodiammine, diaminocyclohexane and ethylenediamine
      platinum(II), showed a distinct behavior, with a more important destabilization
      of the DNA structure in the nucleoprotein than the trans-bidentate ligand, trans
      dichlorodiammine-Pt(II), and monodentate ligand, diethylenetriamine-Pt(II). The
      drastic decrease of the negative electric dichroism in the 260 nm absorption band
      of the bases, observed with the five ligands, indicates a profound alteration of
      the DNA arrangement in chromatin and nucleosomes, attributed to a condensation of
      its superhelical structure. Some differences with previous observations on DNA
      complexes with the same platinum compounds indicate the possible formation of
      protein-DNA crosslinks in chromatin and nucleosomes. These could have some
      importance for the biological effects.

PMID- 6830810
TI  - RNA synthesis by villus and crypt cell nuclei of rat intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Rat intestinal mucosa was separated by eversion and vibration to provide a
      sequence of fractions from predominantly villus cells to predominantly crypt
      cells. The proportions of these cell types in each fraction were computed from
      the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (villus cells) and thymidine kinase
      (crypt cells) in each population. The isolated mucosal fractions varied from
      about 90% villus cells to 90% crypt cells. Following injection of the rats with
      [3H]thymidine, the nuclei were isolated from each mucosal cell fraction and the
      amount of radioactivity incorporated into DNA was measured as an index of crypt
      cell abundance. The isolated nuclei were also incubated with ribonucleoside
      triphosphates and the amount of RNA synthesized was measured. Nuclei labeled with
      [3H]thymidine were found only in fractions rich in crypt cells, whereas capacity
      for RNA synthesis remained very active in mucosal fractions consisting
      predominantly of villus cells. It is concluded that non-dividing villus cells
      continue to make RNA.

PMID- 6830811
TI  - Denaturation studies on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Effect of trichloroacetic
      acid.
AB  - Exposure of ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5) to 5% trichloroacetic acid solution is
      found to partially inactivate the enzyme. This inactivation is a function of time
      of exposure to trichloroacetic acid and reaches a plateau of about 45% residual
      activity. Higher concentrations of trichloroacetic acid lead to greater
      inactivation. Physicochemical properties such as sedimentation coefficient, gel
      filtration behaviour and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      trichloroacetic acid-treated enzyme remain unaffected as compared to the
      untreated enzyme. However, spectrophotometric titration of the trichloroacetic
      acid-treated enzyme revealed that one of the three 'buried' groups of tyrosine is
      exposed to the outside surface of the molecule. Near ultraviolet CD spectra
      supported these observations. Far ultraviolet CD spectra suggested some refolding
      of the enzyme after trichloroacetic acid treatment. Immunological determinants on
      the molecule remain unaltered upon trichloroacetic acid treatment. It is
      concluded that the exposed tyrosine group may be causing a conformational change
      in the protein and this change may be indirectly responsible for the observed
      reduction in the activity after trichloroacetic acid treatment.

PMID- 6830813
TI  - Regulation of enzyme activity by cyclic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
      cascades. Thermodynamic constraints.
AB  - The currently accepted model describing regulation of enzyme activity by cyclic
      phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascades (Stadtman, E.R. and Chock, P.B. (1978)
      Curr. Top. Cell. Reg. 13, 53-95) does not take into account the fact that the
      individual phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are reversible. A
      modification of the model is described which does take into account the
      reversible nature of the individual modification and demodification reactions.
      This model predicts that, if the dephosphorylating enzyme is inactive, the
      phosphorylation reaction will go to equilibrium, rather than to completion, as
      predicted by the original model. The new model also makes it possible to take
      into account factors which change the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio and the equilibrium
      constant for hydrolysis of the phosphorylated enzyme. These factors define a
      variable 'window' of thermodynamically allowed values of the ratio of
      phosphorylated to nonphosphorylated enzyme, which is imposed upon the wider range
      of kinetically allowed values predicted by the original model.

PMID- 6830812
TI  - Pulse radiolysis kinetics of the reaction of hydrated electrons with ferric-,
      ferrous-, protoporphyrin IX- and apo-myoglobin.
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction of hydrated electron (e-aq) with ferric-, ferrous-,
      metal-free protoporphyrin IX-and apo-myoglobin have been studied by pulse
      radiolysis so that a direct kinetic measure of the relative reactivities of the
      heme and the protein part of myoglobin can be made. The second-order association
      rate constant with ferric Mb is about 3-times that for ApoMb, while ferric Mb,
      ferrous Mb and protoporphyrin IX-Mb all react at about the same rate, indicating
      that it is mainly the porphyrin that is the electron-attracting site. The
      magnitude of the rate constants (8-25 nM-1 X S-1) indicates that the encounter of
      e-aq with the protein is almost certainly diffusion-controlled. The initial
      encounter is probably followed by electron migration along parallel paths to the
      heme and most likely several of the 12 histidine residues. The heme competes very
      effectively (approx. 70%) with these other sites. The kinetically measured
      reduction yield of heme is consistent with that found spectrally, indicating that
      a histidine radical on the protein does not effectively transfer an electron
      intramolecularly to the heme. The spectral changes found upon the completion of
      the fast reaction (approx. 40 microseconds) for protoporphyrin IX-Mb and ferrous
      Mb are consistent with the formation of a porphyrin anion radical. For ApoMb the
      spectral changes are consistent with the formation of a histidine free radical.

PMID- 6830815
TI  - Dimerization of the polypeptide chains of skeletal muscle tropomyosin.
AB  - The composition of alpha and beta chains in tropomyosin dimers present in fetal
      and adult skeletal muscle of cow has been analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis after cross-linking of the chains by disulphide bridges. The
      results indicate that in vivo alpha beta heterodimers of tropomyosin are
      assembled preferentially and only the excess of particular chains forms
      homodimers, i.e., alpha alpha dimers in adult and beta beta ones in fetal muscle.
      The original dimers of tropomyosin were dissociated with urea in the presence of
      dithiothreitol. Subsequent reassembly of the tropomyosin dimers from the mixture
      of alpha and beta chains approaches the random model.

PMID- 6830814
TI  - Purification, characterization and identification of rat liver mitochondrial
      kynurenine aminotransferase with alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase.
AB  - Kynurenine aminotransferase (L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
      (cyclizing), EC 2.6.1.7) was purified 378-fold from rat liver mitochondria by
      digitonin solubilization, heat treatment, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography,
      Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, hydroxyapatite chromatography and
      chromatofocusing. Elution patterns of alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase (EC
      2.6.1.39) activity were identical with those of kynurenine aminotransferase
      activity on all column chromatographies. The ratios of the two specific
      activities were constant throughout the purification. On polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis both activities were detected at the same position. Both
      enzymatic activities showed the same inactivation curves upon heat inactivation
      at various temperatures. alpha-Aminoadipate showed competitive inhibiton against
      kynurenine or 3-hydroxykynurenine. alpha-Ketoadipate was utilized in the
      kynurenine aminotransferase reaction as an amino acceptor in place of alpha
      ketoglutarate. The Km value for alpha-ketoadipate was 10 microM, lower than for
      alpha-ketoglutarate. These observations indicate that kynurenine aminotransferase
      is identical with alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase. The Km values of purified
      kynurenine aminotransferase were determined at pH 6.5 as: kynurenine, 4.3 mM;
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 4.2 microM; alpha-ketoglutarate, 20 microM (kynurenine
      substrate), and 3-hydroxykynurenine, 5.7 mM; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 1.7 microM;
      alpha-ketoglutarate, 13 microM (3-hydroxy-kynurenine substrate). The enzyme was
      strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoate.

PMID- 6830816
TI  - Modification of arterial elastin in vivo. Effects of age and diet on changes in
      the N-terminal amino acid content of aorta elastin.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that aorta elastin, a highly crosslinked protein,
      does not undergo turnover that is easily measured in vivo. Therefore, it was
      hypothesized that when proteolysis of elastin occurs, a positive increase in N
      terminal amino acids should result. Such an increase would represent elastin
      derived fragments held covalently in situ. A cyanate carbamylation procedure was
      used to estimate the changes in N-terminal amino acids in aorta elastin. To
      provide tissue for the studies, Japanese quail (3 weeks old) were fed diets with
      or without the addition of 1% cholesterol. It was found that, in normal birds,
      the number of N-terminal amino acid residues increased from two to approximately
      three residues per 800 total residues (or mole of tropoelastin) throughout sexual
      development (3 to 8 weeks, post-hatching), with little increase thereafter. In
      hypercholesterolemic birds, the rate of appearance of new N-terminal residues,
      particularly glutamine or glutamic acid, appeared enhanced throughout early
      development, but by sexual maturity the number of N-terminal amino acid residues
      in aorta elastin from cholesterol-fed birds was similar to that for the control
      birds. For each of the elastin samples analyzed, approximately one residue of
      glycine was recovered per 800 total residues. Other amino acids that predominated
      as N-terminal residues were serine, aspartic and glutamic acids.

PMID- 6830817
TI  - The modification with tetranitromethane of an essential tyrosine in the active
      site of pig fumarase.
AB  - Modification of pig heart fumarase (L-malate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.2) with
      tetranitromethane results in loss of enzymatic activity. The inactivation is
      slowed down in the presence of substrates, indicating that the modification
      reaction takes place at the level of the substrate binding sites. From these
      inactivation kinetics, a value Kd = 78 microM is calculated for the mixture of
      substrates (L-malate + fumarate). This is in fairly good agreement with the
      Michaelis constant Km = 31 microM. Spectrophotometric data indicate that
      modification of one tyrosine residue per fumarase subunit is responsible for the
      inactivation; one or more additional residues, which do not participate in the
      binding sites, are modified at much lower rates. Amino acid analyses confirm the
      presence of nitrotyrosine and exclude the possibility of tetranitromethane
      mediated polymerization side-reactions. It is concluded from the pH-dependence of
      the nitration reaction that the inactivation of fumarase is not caused by
      cysteine modification. Additional studies of nitration of melittin, a tryptophan
      containing model peptide, are described. From the absorption spectra of modified
      melittin, in comparison with the spectra of nitrofumarase, it is concluded that
      the tryptophan residues of the latter enzyme remain intact during the reaction
      with tetranitromethane. Finally, evidence is given for an independent action of
      the four fumarase subunits, i.e., inactivation of one subunit does not influence
      the catalysis by the other three subunits. Moreover, it is shown that only
      fumarase tetramers with all four subunits nitrated are unable to bind to a
      Sepharose-pyromellitic acid affinity column.

PMID- 6830818
TI  - Structural analysis of fibrinogen synthesized by cultured chicken hepatocytes in
      the presence or absence of dexamethasone.
AB  - Hepatocyte monolayers, derived from chick embryos and cultured in chemically
      defined medium without hormones, synthesize and secrete fibrinogen that resembles
      chicken plasma fibrinogen immunochemically and structurally. Addition of a
      synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, to the cultured cells resulted in an
      appreciable and relatively selective increase in fibrinogen synthesis.
      Autoradiography of fibrinogen that had been metabolically labelled with
      [35S]methionine and then subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      unreduced or under disulfide-reducing conditions, revealed that only dimeric
      forms of fibrinogen, containing undegraded A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains,
      were secreted under stimulated and unstimulated culture conditions.

PMID- 6830819
TI  - Oxidation of acetylpolyamines by extracellular polyamine oxidase produced by
      Penicillium sp. No. PO-1.
AB  - The oxidation of acetylpolyamines by an extracellular polyamine oxidase of
      Penicillium sp. No. PO-1 was investigated. The optimal pH value for oxidation of
      acetylpolyamines was 6.0. The purified enzyme oxidized spermidine, spermine, N1
      acetylspermidine, N8-acetylspermidine, N1,8-diacetylspermidine, N1-acetylspermine
      and N1,12-diacetylspermine. The relative velocities for oxidation of
      acetylpolyamines were lower than those of spermidine and spermine. The Km values
      for oxidation of acetylpolyamines were higher than those of spermidine and
      spermine. The enzyme split N1-acetylspermidine and N8-acetylspermidine at the
      same position of the linkage as in spermidine oxidation. N1-Acetylspermine was
      changed to N1-acetylspermidine. This oxidation mechanism was different from that
      of rat liver polyamine oxidase. N1-Acetylspermine inhibited the oxidation of
      spermine. Putrescine, N8-acetylspermidine and N1,12-diacetylspermine also
      inhibited the N1-acetylspermidine oxidation by the enzyme.

PMID- 6830822
TI  - Photo-CIDNP 1H-NMR studies of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and its zymogen.
AB  - Bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and its zymogen were studied by laser photo
      CIDNP 1H-NMR. Resonances of Trp3 and Tyr69 protons of the two proteins were
      assigned. By varying the delay between a short light pulse and the observation
      pulse, time dependencies of the CIDNP signals were obtained from which effective
      T1 values could be derived. The photo-CIDNP chemical shifts, intensities and
      relaxation data pointed to environmental differences for the Tyr69 residues in
      the two proteins, while only small differences were noted for the Trp3 residues.
      The more buried position of Tyr69 in the enzyme relative to the zymogen was
      related to the ability of the enzyme to bind to micellar aggregates, to which the
      zymogen is unable to bind.

PMID- 6830820
TI  - Sequential hydrolysis of proline-containing peptides with immobilized
      aminopeptidases.
AB  - Proline-containing polypeptides are shown to be sequentially degraded by two
      aminopeptidases. Clostridial aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11-) cleaves off any N
      terminal amino acid residue including proline from polypeptide chains, but does
      not cleave the N-terminal secondary peptide bonds involving a prolyl nitrogen.
      Aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.9) cleaves exclusively such secondary bonds. The two
      enzymes were immobilized by coupling them covalently to porous amino glass beads.
      Highly stable preparations were obtained with unchanged pH optimum and thermal
      stability. The applicability of clostridial aminopeptidase to sequence
      determination was demonstrated by the time-dependent hydrolysis of enkephalin and
      Substance P octapeptide. Sequential hydrolysis with the two immobilized enzymes
      was demonstrated with the proline-containing (Pro-Gly-Pro)10, [Asn1,
      Val5]angiotensin II, bradykinin, Substance P and tuftsin. Absence of
      endopeptidase activities was demonstrated by resistance of cytochrome c to
      hydrolysis and by the ordered release of amino acids during the sequential
      degradation by immobilized clostridial aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase P.

PMID- 6830823
TI  - Preparation of native alpha and beta subunits from canine hemoglobin.
AB  - Preparation of native alpha and beta subunits from non-primate hemoglobins has
      never been successful using the procedure of Bucci, E. and Fronticelli, C.
      ((1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, PC551-552). We describe a method for isolating the
      constituent subunits from canine hemoglobin. Human-canine hybrid hemoglobins
      (alpha 2Can beta 2A and alpha 2A beta 2Can) were prepared by acid hybridization
      techniques and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The hybrids were then reacted with
      an excess of p-chloromercuribenzoate under slightly acid conditions and the
      resultant alpha Can and beta Can subunits were isolated by either anion- or
      cation-exchange chromatography. Identifications of the subunits were made by gel
      electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. After removal of the bound mercurials
      with beta-mercaptoethanol, both subunits exhibited two reactive sulfhydryl groups
      per chain and were found to be fully in the native form, as judged by
      spectroscopy. By ultracentrifugal analysis, the alpha subunit was shown to be in
      a dimer-monomer equilibrium while the beta subunit was largely in a tetrameric
      form.

PMID- 6830824
TI  - Degradation of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase in the absence of exogenous
      proteinases.
AB  - The homogeneity of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase has been rigorously tested
      by physicochemical techniques and crossed-rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The
      enzyme has also been incubated for 1 h at 100 degrees C in 2% sodium dodecyl
      sulfate and 0.1 M dithiothreitol. The number of protein components on gel
      electrophoresis and of dansylated amino acids increased as a function of
      incubation time. Furthermore, the minor proteins observed after gel
      electrophoresis cross-reacted with antibody raised to the synthetase. Proteolysis
      was not chemically mediated by the detergent, the reducing agent or the buffer
      conditions chosen. Several commercially prepared proteins were not degraded by
      this procedure, and two proteins were recalcitrant to hydrolysis when included in
      the same incubation mixture as the synthetase. The inclusion of certain microbial
      proteinase inhibitors decreased the amount of degradation. This demonstrated that
      hydrolysis of the synthetase is mediated by a specific vertebrate enzyme which
      retains activity under denaturing conditions at 100 degrees C. Further
      degradation is also observed after individual treatment of four limited digestion
      products from the pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase, suggesting the possibility
      of an inherent proteolytic activity within the complex.

PMID- 6830825
TI  - Characterization of the major polypeptide chains of reduced bovine thyroglobulin.
AB  - The finding that reduced 19S bovine thyroglobulin showed two major, closely
      migrating polypeptide bands during electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels was
      presented as evidence that thyroglobulin consists of two nonidentical subunits,
      referred to as S and F, of approximately the same size (J. Biol. Chem. 253, 1853
      1858 (1978)). It was, however, not clear whether the difference in migration
      rates of the two subunits was due to differences in amino acid or carbohydrate
      composition or a small difference in size. In this study, several physical and
      chemical properties of purified S and F polypeptides were investigated. Three
      methods revealed important differences between them. It was found by cyanogen
      bromide degradation that S contained one fragment (Mr approximately equal to 20
      000) more than F. S eluted ahead of F by column chromatography in SDS. The
      sedimentation coefficient of S was found to be greater than that of F. However,
      the two subunits were shown to have similar amino acid and carbohydrate
      compositions and to be indistinguishable in their interaction with SDS. The
      different migration rates of S and F can therefore be explained by a small
      difference in size which agrees with the finding (Endocrinology 108, 1285-1292
      (1981)) that a proteolytic enzyme present in commercial horseradish peroxidase
      can convert S into F.

PMID- 6830826
TI  - Structural alterations of peripheral nerve monogalactosylceramides during
      development and Wallerian degeneration.
AB  - The structural alterations of monogalactosylceramides in peripheral nerve were
      investigated during development, nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration.
      During early development, hydroxy cerebrosides and sulfatides were the main
      constituents of the monogalactosylceramides of immature rat sciatic endoneurium.
      The ratio of hydroxy to nonhydroxy cerebrosides decreased rapidly as myelination
      proceeded but remained fairly constant throughout adulthood. More than 50% of the
      adult content of endoneurial monogalactosylceramides was achieved before 21 days
      of age. The long-chain nonhydroxy fatty acids (above C21) had increased from
      under 20% to over 80% by day 20, while 24h:0 (h, hydroxy) had already reached
      approximately 50% of hydroxy cerebrosides by day 12. These results suggest that
      the biosynthesis of endoneurial monogalactosylceramides and fatty acid elongation
      take place preferentially at the time when peripheral nerve is undergoing active
      myelination. During Wallerian degeneration, the maximum decrease of
      monogalactosylceramides was associated temporally with axonal degeneration and
      demyelination and particularly with myelin conversion to sudanophilic lipids. By
      the time that nerve fiber regeneration was well established, both the cerebroside
      and sulfatide contents had returned to near control values. Cerebrosides and long
      chain fatty acids (above C21) appear to be the most sensitive to fiber
      degeneration while fatty acid elongation is selectively increased during nerve
      regeneration.

PMID- 6830821
TI  - Isolation and characterization of colipase from porcine and human pancreatic
      juice by immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Pure colipase was prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography from porcine and
      human pancreatic juice. A single form of the porcine colipase was obtained,
      having the structural and biological properties of previously characterized
      porcine procolipase A. Two forms of activated colipase (N-terminal Gly) were
      isolated from human pancreatic juice by the same procedure. The existence of two
      forms of activated colipase might arise from rapid activation of a precursor form
      of human colipase during collection of the pancreatic juice.

PMID- 6830827
TI  - A cytochrome b5 electron transport chain in Tetrahymena.
AB  - Tetrahymena microsomes contain cytochrome b5 and an NADH-dependent cytochrome b5
      reductase, but these proteins are present at only one-tenth the levels observed
      in rat liver microsomes. We show that both proteins can be partially purified by
      techniques developed for the rat liver proteins. We can show that cyanide
      inhibits the rate of exhaustion of NADH, and therefore reoxidation of cytochrome
      b5 by microsomes, and that stearoyl CoA enhances the rate of reoxidation of the
      cytochrome. Also, we find that a fragment of rat liver NADH-cytochrome b5
      reductase can restore NADH-dependent cytochrome b5 reduction to Tetrahymena
      microsomes which have been treated with N-ethylmaleimide to eliminate endogenous
      reductase activity. These results indicate that there is considerable resemblance
      between the rat and Tetrahymena systems, and that desaturation of stearoyl and
      oleoyl groups may occur in Tetrahymena via pathways similar to those known in
      liver.

PMID- 6830829
TI  - Composition of, and [14C]acetate incorporation into, lipids of rat Sertoli cells
      in culture.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells were used for the determination of their
      lipid and fatty acid composition and for a demonstration of their ability to
      incorporate 14C from [14C]acetate into fatty acids esterified in the cellular
      lipids. Similar fatty acid compositions were observed in 9-day cultures of
      Sertoli cells of rats aged 3, 4 or 5 weeks. Cultures of Sertoli cells of 5-week
      old rats had relatively less palmitic, linoleic and arachidonic acids and more
      palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and docosatetraenoic acids than non-cultured cells
      from the same pool. No difference between these was observed in phospholipid
      concentration, but the cultured cells had a greater concentration of both total
      cholesterol and triacylglycerols than did the non-cultured cells. 14C from
      [14C]acetate added to the culture medium on the 7th (48-h incubation) or 8th (24
      h incubation) day was incorporated into fatty acids esterified in cellular
      lipids. Major incorporation was into phospholipids and triacylglycerols, but
      cholesterol also was labeled. The fatty acids containing most of the 14C were the
      saturated fatty acids, oleic acid and docosatetraenoic acid (products of both de
      novo synthesis and elongation reactions).

PMID- 6830828
TI  - Differences in the fatty acid profile and beta-oxidation by heart homogenates of
      rats fed cis and trans octadecenoic acids.
AB  - Female Wistar rats were fed a fat-free diet containing either 5% partially
      hydrogenated corn oil (52.2% elaidate) or 5% oleic acid (67% oleate) with 8.6%
      linoleate providing 1% of calories 2 weeks before mating and were maintained on
      this diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. Fatty acid analysis of the
      developing organs as well as beta-oxidation by heart homogenates with [1
      14C]palmitate, [1-14C]elaidate and [1-14C]oleate of the developing male and
      female progeny were determined and compared with age-matched controls on a stock
      diet. Results show that irrespective of the cis and trans 18:1 in the diet, the
      maternal plasma at term contained mostly cis 18:1, with 5% trans for the rats on
      the trans diet. The placenta and fetal liver contained 40 and 60% less trans,
      respectively, than did the maternal plasma. trans 18:1 was not detected in fetal
      brain or heart. Regardless of diet or sex, the order of preference for the heart
      was palmitate greater than elaidate greater than oleate. There was an increase in
      the rate of beta-oxidation of all the substrates, especially in the females on
      the trans diet, suggesting a stimulation of one or more of the enzymes involved.
      Above all, the myocardium showed a unique capacity to retain n-6 and n-3 fatty
      acids when the levels of these decreased in the serum.

PMID- 6830830
TI  - Relative rates of incorporation of esterified cholesterol into human very low
      density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins. In vitro studies of two
      separate pathways.
AB  - It has been shown previously that there are two pathways by which the esterified
      cholesterol formed in human plasma in the reaction catalysed by lecithin:
      cholesterol acyltransferase may be delivered to very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL): (a) an indirect pathway in which
      esterified cholesterol which was incorporated initially into high density
      lipoproteins (HDL) is transferred subsequently to VLDL and LDL in a process
      mediated by an esterified cholesterol transfer/exchange protein and (b) a direct
      pathway in which a small proportion of the esterified cholesterol formed in the
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction is delivered to VLDL and LDL
      directly from its site of synthesis via a pathway which bypasses the bulk HDL
      fraction. These present studies have been designed to examine the incorporation
      of esterified cholesterol into VLDL relative to that into LDL via each of these
      two pathways. It has been found that a delivery of esterified cholesterol from
      HDL to VLDL and LDL via the indirect pathway has a marked preference for VLDL
      over LDL; equating the concentrations of esterified cholesterol in the two
      fractions revealed an incorporation into VLDL which was 7-11 times greater than
      that into LDL. By contrast, delivery via the direct pathway showed a marginal
      preference for LDL over VLDL.

PMID- 6830832
TI  - The thromboxane antagonist, 13-azaprostanoic acid, inhibits arachidonic acid
      induced Ca2+ release from isolated platelet membrane vesicles.
AB  - In the present study we investigated the ability of the arachidonic acid
      metabolites, prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane A2, to release Ca2+ from isolated
      platelet vesicles. The vesicles were prepared through modification of previously
      described procedures. 45Ca uptake and release were determined by Millipore
      filtration and isotope counting of the filter paper. Incubation of the vesicles
      (25 degrees C) with 50 microM CaCl2 (plus 45Ca) resulted in the accumulation of
      13 nmol Ca2+ per mg of protein under steady-state conditions. Addition of
      arachidonic acid (25 microM) resulted in a 42% release of the accumulated Ca2+
      and the production of 150 ng thromboxane B2/mg protein. Pretreatment of the
      vesicles with indomethacin (4 microM) completely inhibited arachidonic acid
      induced Ca2+ release and reduced thromboxane B2 synthesis by 82%. Pretreatment of
      the vesicles with the specific thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 antagonist, 13
      azaprostanoic acid (20 microM), also resulted in complete inhibition of Ca2+
      release but no inhibition of thromboxane B2 production. Addition of prostaglandin
      H2 (0.3 microM) to the platelet vesicles produced a significant release of Ca2+
      only in the presence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine
      (100 microM). This Ca2+ release was totally blocked by 13-azaprostanoic acid (20
      microM). The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor 9,11-azoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
      (azo analog I, 3.6 microM), in the presence of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, only
      slightly inhibited Ca2+ release in response to added prostaglandin H2, even
      though thromboxane B2 production was blocked by 95%.

PMID- 6830831
TI  - Cytosolic modulators of activities of microsomal enzymes of cholesterol
      biosynthesis. Purification and characterization of a non-specific lipid-transfer
      protein.
AB  - Rat liver cytosol contains proteins which in the presence of low-molecular-weight
      metabolites modulate activities of membrane-bound enzymes of cholesterol
      biosynthesis. In the preceding paper, we identified Z-protein as a mediator in
      fatty acyl-CoA modulation of microsomal cholesterol synthetic and metabolizing
      enzymes. In this communication, we describe a second cytosolic protein which
      displays cholesterol-exchange activity. Purification of the protein to over 10000
      fold and homogeneity has been achieved by gel permeation HPLC on an analytical
      Spherogel TSK-2000 SW column. Elution of both a single peak of active protein and
      one SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis species upon HPLC-purification
      suggests that homogeneous protein aggregates, with loss of exchange activity. In
      addition to stimulating microsomal enzymes of sterol synthesis, incubations of
      microsomes with cholesterol-containing liposomes and the protein consistently
      yields a 2-3-fold stimulation of microsomal acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity. Under similar incubation conditions the protein enhances only slightly
      the extent of inhibition of microsomal hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase by
      liposomal cholesterol. The protein also catalyzes net transfer of cholesterol
      between membranes of different cholesterol content. The lipid-transfer protein
      and another cytosolic protein, also implicated in the regulation of sterol
      synthetic enzymes, appear identical. Regulation of activities of several membrane
      bound enzymes of cholesterol metabolism in which the lipid-transfer protein and
      cytosolic Z-protein modulate uptake of lower-molecular-weight water-insoluble and
      water-soluble effectors, respectively, is discussed.

PMID- 6830833
TI  - Di- and trimannosylceramides in hepatopancreas of a fresh-water bivalve,
      Hyriopsis schlegelii.
AB  - An investigation of di- and triglycosylceramides of hepatopancreas of a fresh
      water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii, gave the following results: (1) The total
      amount of neutral glycosphingolipid was 7.2 mg/g of the dry weight of the
      hepatopancreas. (2) The diglycosylceramide fraction accounted for 4.8% of the
      total neutral glycolipid, and consisted of Man(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(beta 1 leads
      to 1)Cer, Man (beta 1 leads to 4)Glc leads to Cer, Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc
      leads to Cer, and Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Gal(beta 1 leads to 1)Cer. The presence
      of so many different types of diglycosylceramides in a single tissue appears to
      be the exception rather than the rule. (3) The triglycosylceramide fraction
      amounted to 12.2% of the total neutral glycolipid and contained a mixture of
      Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)Man(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(beta 1 leads to 1)Cer and
      Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)Man(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc leads to Cer. (4) The spectrum
      of di- and triglycosylceramides of the hepatopancreas was more complex than that
      of spermatozoa of this bivalve. (5) It is an interesting finding that a series of
      glycolipids containing one to three mannose residues occurs in nature. (6) The
      ceramide moieties of the above two fractions contained the normal saturated fatty
      acids in the range of C14-C24, and derivatives of 4-sphingenine. The structural
      analysis involved (1) gas-liquid chromatography of the component sugars, fatty
      acids and long-chain bases; (2) methylation studies coupled with gas-liquid
      chromatography and mass spectrometry to locate the bonds between the hexose
      units; and (3) enzymatic degradation to establish the sugar sequence and the
      anomeric configuration of the glycosidic links.

PMID- 6830834
TI  - The metabolism of CDP-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol in the microsomal
      fraction of rat liver. Effects of chlorpromazine, magnesium and manganese.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of CDPdiacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol was measured
      using substrates bound to the microsomal membranes of rat liver. 2.
      Chlorpromazine inhibited the degradation of [14C]CDPdiacylglycerol and the
      concomitant inositol-independent release of 14C in water-soluble products in the
      presence of various concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+. 3. The activity of
      CDPdiacylglycerol inositol phosphatidyltransferase was measured by determining
      the rate of incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol, and by the
      inositol-dependent release of water-soluble 14C from [14C]CDPdiacylglycerol. Both
      of these parameters were inhibited by chlorpromazine in incubations that
      contained rate-limiting concentrations of Mg2+. However, chlorpromazine
      stimulated the reaction when 20 mM Mg2+, 0.5 mM Mn2+, 2 mM Mn2+ or 20 mM Mn2+ was
      added to the incubations. 4. Low concentrations of chlorpromazine increased an
      inositol-exchange reaction in the presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ whereas higher
      concentrations of chlorpromazine inhibited. Chlorpromazine had relatively less
      effect on the inositol-exchange reaction at higher concentrations of Mn2+. 5. The
      action of chlorpromazine in decreasing the breakdown of CDPdiacylglycerol and in
      stimulating its conversion to phosphatidylinositol could explain part of the
      mechanism by which this compound and other amphiphilic cations increase the
      synthesis of acidic phospholipids.

PMID- 6830835
TI  - Oleic acid desaturation in Tetrahymena pyriformis.
AB  - The desaturation of oleoyl-CoA by a microsomal preparation from Tetrahymena has
      been studied. Desaturation of oleoyl-CoA required oxygen and NADH, and was
      inhibited by cyanide. HPLC analysis of fatty acid phenacyl esters, prepared from
      TLC-purified phospholipid, confirmed that radioactivity appeared in oleate,
      linoleate and gamma-linolenate. Both the time course of desaturation and the
      apparent desaturation of 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleoylphosphatidylcholine suggested
      that phospholipid-bound oleate could be a substrate for desaturation. In the
      crude microsomal preparation, acylation of oleoyl-CoA to give oleoyl phospholipid
      was rapid. Therefore, preincubation in the absence of NADH was employed to create
      [14C]oleoyl phospholipids, and kinetic studies were carried out upon subsequent
      addition of NADH. When data were plotted in a double reciprocal form, a linear
      function was observed.

PMID- 6830836
TI  - The possible role of free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of cholesterol
      gallstones in man.
AB  - The lipid composition of hepatic and gallbladder bile was examined in 20 patients
      with cholesterol gallstones and in 20 control subjects. Lipid fractions other
      than bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol were found to be present, i.e.,
      sterol esters, non-identified fractions and, above all, free fatty acids. The
      latter probably originated from biliary phospholipids via activity of
      phospholipases, present in the gallbladder wall. No significant difference in
      amount and pattern of free fatty acids and phospholipids was found in hepatic
      bile between patients with gallstones and controls. On the contrary, we observed
      relevant differences in the lipid composition of gallbladder bile. In this way,
      we consider that the bile becomes lithogenic inside the gallbladder as a
      consequence of release of free fatty acids, particularly if these are constituted
      by saturated chains. In fact, these can compete with cholesterol in the
      solubilization in biliary micelles. On the other hand, free fatty acids can be
      directly toxic for the gallbladder wall and produce a cholecystitis.

PMID- 6830837
TI  - Influence of diets on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and on acyl
      CoA:retinol acyltransferase in villous and crypt cells from rat small intestinal
      mucosa and in the liver.
AB  - Cholesterol and retinol are both esterified with long-chain fatty acid within the
      mucosal cells of the small intestine. The reactions are catalyzed by microsomal
      acyl-CoA:cholesterol and acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.26, and EC
      2.3.1.-, respectively). To gain more insight into the physiological importance of
      these acyltransferases, they were studied in villous and crypt cells from rats
      either fasting or on diets which varied in fat and cholesterol content. Both
      enzymes had a higher activity in villous than in crypt cells. The activities in
      villous cells varied with feeding and fasting and the composition of diet when
      the animals were killed postprandially. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity went up upon cholesterol feeding whereas retinol acyltransferase in the
      mucosa was reduced by high-fat diets. The liver cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity varied with diet, it increased with both cholesterol and fat feeding,
      whereas retinol acyltransferase activity remained relatively constant. The
      results obtained suggest that different diets are of importance for cholesterol
      and retinol acyltransferase activities both in the intestinal mucosa and in the
      liver. The variation in activities of the two acyltransferases suggests that they
      may be different enzymes.

PMID- 6830838
TI  - Effect of prolactin on phospholipid synthesis in organ cultures of fetal rat
      lung.

PMID- 6830839
TI  - The response of apolipoprotein A-IV to cholesterol feeding in rats.

PMID- 6830840
TI  - Purification and properties of two native, high-molecular-weight
      hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase phosphatases.

PMID- 6830844
TI  - Chemical and immunological identification of glycolipid-based blood group ABH and
      Lewis antigens in human kidney.
AB  - A polar non-acid glycolipid fraction has been isolated from human kidney. It was
      shown by thin-layer chromatography to be a mixture of glycolipids having more
      than four carbohydrate residues. Immunological testing revealed strong blood
      group Lea and A activity together with weak Leb, P1 and B activity. Mass
      spectrometry of the permethylated and permethylated-reduced (LiAlH4) glycolipid
      fraction showed that the two major components were a five sugar fucolipid (isomer
      of Lea) and a glycolipid having four hexoses and one N-acetylhexosamine. In
      addition, blood group Leb, B and A type hexaglycosylceramides were present.
      Evidence for small amounts of more complex glycolipids was also found. Acid
      degradation and gas chromatography of the native fraction revealed fucose,
      glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. This is the
      first chemical isolation and characterization of complex blood group active
      glycolipids in human kidney. The existence of these molecules is discussed in
      view of their possible role as transplantation antigens.

PMID- 6830843
TI  - The effects of pH and salt on the lipid binding and enzyme activity of
      lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - This paper demonstrates a striking difference between the effects of salt and pH
      on the activity of lipoprotein lipase against two different substrates:
      Intralipid and bovine milk fat droplets. With the former substrate 1 M NaCl
      caused only a slight reduction in enzyme activity and the stimulation by
      apolipoprotein C-II was the same from 0.1 to 1.1 M NaCl. In contrast, 0.5 M or
      more NaCl virtually abolished the enzyme activity in the milk system. In this
      system the salt also abolished binding of the enzyme to the lipid droplets,
      whereas in the Intralipid system most of the enzyme remained bound even at 1 M
      NaCl. A similar picture was obtained with respect to effects of pH. In the milk
      system the activity decreased sharply at pH values above 8.5, whereas in the
      Intralipid system it continues to rise to pH 10, and the stimulation by activator
      protein is the same at all pH values. Correlating with this, the binding of the
      enzyme to the lipid droplets was highly dependent on pH values in the milk
      systems, with optimum binding around pH 8, whereas in the Intralipid system most
      of the enzyme remained bound to the lipid droplets at all pH values. These
      studies demonstrate that apolipoprotein C-II can activate lipoprotein lipase at a
      wide range of salt concentrations and of pH. They suggest that the well-known
      effects of high salt concentrations and of high pH to decrease lipoprotein lipase
      activity are exerted primarily on the enzyme itself.

PMID- 6830841
TI  - Differentiation of microsomal from lysosomal triacylglycerol lipase activities in
      rat liver.

PMID- 6830842
TI  - The role of cardiolipin as an acyl donor in dog heart N-acylethanolamine
      phospholipid biosynthesis.
AB  - N-Acylethanolamine phospholipids were produced from endogenous substrates with
      dog heart mitochondrial and microsomal preparations. With mitochondria the N-acyl
      group contained 13.8% linoleate, with microsomes only 3.6%. Cardiolipin comprised
      18.5% of mitochondrial and 3.3% of microsomal lipid P and contained 93.7 and
      72.4% linoleic acid, respectively. Incubation of dog heart subcellular fractions
      with [1-14C]linoleoyl cardiolipin in the presence of Ca2+ resulted in the
      formation of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids labeled primarily in the N-acyl and
      1-O-acyl moieties. The data indicate that cardiolipin is the major source of
      linoleic acid used in the N-acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids by
      transacylase activity.

PMID- 6830846
TI  - Purification and characterization of mouse alpha-lactalbumin from lactating
      mammary glands.
AB  - The whey protein, alpha-lactalbumin, was purified from lactating mammary glands
      of mice at high yields. It exists as two major charge forms (pI values of 6.2 and
      5.8) with similar molecular weights (approx. 14600). Antibodies prepared against
      these peptides precipitate newly synthesized and secreted alpha-lactalbumin from
      organ cultures of mid-pregnancy mammary glands. The antibody is specific for
      mouse alpha-lactalbumin as it does not react with mouse casein, mouse serum or
      purified bovine alpha-lactalbumin or galactosyl transferase. In addition, it
      blocks enzymatic activity of alpha-lactalbumin in mouse milk but has no effect on
      guinea pig or human milk. A very sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed
      with this antibody which can detect alpha-lactalbumin levels as low as 0.25 ng.

PMID- 6830847
TI  - Synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes from rat and mouse livers.
      Immunochemical studies.
AB  - The alpha- and beta-forms of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in rat liver were
      completely fractionated by chromatography on a hydrophobic resin, phenyl
      Sepharose. The alpha-form was eluted in low-ionic strength buffer, and the beta
      form was eluted with 50% dimethylsulfoxide. The alpha-form is less sensitive to
      dimethylsulfoxide, whereas the beta-form is strikingly stimulated by
      dimethylsulfoxide, after removal of the dimethylsulfoxide. The levels of the
      alpha-form activity in rat liver after treatment with ethionine and adenine for 2
      consecutive days, and those of the beta-form activity in mouse liver on the 12th
      day after transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, were increased several
      fold compared to normal liver. Immunochemical titrations with specific antibody
      against the beta-form as well as kinetic studies indicated that the observed
      increase in the levels of each activity from the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase
      isozymes is due to an increase in the cellular content of the enzyme.

PMID- 6830845
TI  - Reversible neuromuscular blocking action of carboxymethylated alpha-bungarotoxin.
AB  - Carbamidomethylation of the reduced Cys29-Cys33 bridge of alpha-bungarotoxin
      (Bungarus multicinctus postsynaptic neurotoxin) did not alter the LD50 or
      irreversibility of the toxin, while carboxymethylated alpha-bungarotoxin was less
      potent and its neuromuscular blocking action in mouse diaphragm was reversible.
      The circular dichroic spectra of both modified toxins were similar but slightly
      different from that of native toxin. Neuromuscular transmission in the chick
      biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation could be blocked by the
      carboxymethylated toxin, and reactivated by washing, whereas the response of the
      muscle to extrinsic acetylcholine could also be blocked but was hardly restored
      by washing. These results suggest that carboxymethylated toxin can differentiate
      between junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors in chick skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 6830848
TI  - Synergistic effect of estrogen and androgen on induction of uterine thymidine
      kinase activities in immature rats.
AB  - Estradiol-17 beta induced a significant increase in the uterine thymidine kinase
      activity with a characteristic isozyme pattern 30 h after injection into immature
      rats. Testosterone propionate also revealed a similar increase. Following
      combined injection of estradiol-17 beta and testosterone propionate, the overall
      and separate isozyme activities of thymidine kinase increased to nearly the total
      amount of those when each hormone was injected separately.

PMID- 6830849
TI  - Suppression of glucocorticoid-induced elevation of alkaline phosphatase in C-4-1
      cells by inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and
      reversal of the suppression by mevalonate.
AB  - Cell line C-4-1 which produces alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.1.4) of the placental
      type in response to glucocorticoids was grown in the presence of inhibitors of
      mevalonate formation for periods ranging from 1 to 4 days. When C-4-1 cells were
      incubated in the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol (1 microM) or compactin (11.6
      microM) the induction of alkaline phosphatase by 0.2 microM dexamethasone was
      suppressed. This suppression could be partially prevented by the addition of
      mevalonolactone to the growing culture. The reversal effect by mevalonate was
      most evident with compactin, a well known competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. In contrast, the effect of tunicamycin which
      inhibits N-linked protein glycosylation and also prevents alkaline phosphatase
      induction by glucocorticoids could not be reversed by mevalonate. These results
      implicate mevalonate in alkaline phosphatase induction, possibly through its role
      as a precursor of dolichols.

PMID- 6830850
TI  - Purification and characterization of a phosvitin kinase from the thyroid gland.
AB  - 1. Two cyclic AMP independent protein kinases phosphorylating preferentially
      acidic substrates have been identified in soluble extract from human, rat and pig
      thyroid glands. Both enzymes were retained on DEAE-cellulose. The first enzyme
      activity eluted between 60 and 100 mM phosphate (depending on the species),
      phosphorylated both casein and phosvitin and was retained on phosphocellulose;
      this enzyme likely corresponds to a casein kinase already described in many
      tissues. The second enzyme activity eluted from DEAE-cellulose at phosphate
      concentrations higher than 300 mM, phosphorylated only phosvitin and was not
      retained on phosphocellulose. These enzymes were neither stimulated by cyclic
      AMP, cyclic GMP and calcium, nor inhibited by the inhibitor of the cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinases. 2. The second enzyme activity was purified from pig
      thyroid gland by the association of affinity chromatography on insolubilized
      phosvitin and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Its specific activity was increased
      by 8400. 3. The purified enzyme (phosvitin kinase) was analyzed for biochemical
      and enzymatic properties. Phosvitin kinase phosphorylated phosvitin with an
      apparent Km of 100 micrograms/ml; casein, histone, protamine and bovine serum
      albumin were not phosphorylated. The enzyme utilized ATP as well as GTP as
      phosphate donor with an apparent Km of 25 and 28 microM, respectively. It had an
      absolute requirement for Mg2+ with a maximal activity at 4 mM and exhibited an
      optimal activity at pH 7.0. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 110 000
      as determined by Sephacryl S300 gel filtration. The analysis by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major band with a molecular weight
      of 35000 suggesting a polymeric structure of the enzyme.

PMID- 6830852
TI  - Partial inhibition of hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase by caffeine in
      partially purified cytochrome P450.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 substrate interactions were studied with cytochrome P-450
      partially purified from livers of untreated, phenobarbital-treated,
      benzo[a]pyrene-treated and caffeine-treated rats. Partial inhibition of
      aminopyrine N-demethylase in presence of in vitro caffeine observed with intact
      microsomes was further investigated in a reconstituted system composed of
      partially purified cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome c reductase. Caffeine addition
      (in vitro) to partially purified cytochrome P-450 altered the hexobarbital,
      aniline and ethylisocyanide induced spectral change, and decreased NADPH
      oxidation in presence of substrates aminopyrine and acetanilide. NADPH oxidation
      was found to be increased in presence of aminopyrine and unaltered in presence of
      acetanilide in reconstituted system having partially purified cytochrome P-450
      from caffeine-treated rats. Our studies suggest that caffeine acts as a true
      modifier of cytochrome P-450 and is possibly responsible for the formation of
      abortive complexes with aminopyrine.

PMID- 6830853
TI  - A membrane-bound aminopeptidase isolated from monkey brain and its action on
      enkephalin.
AB  - A membrane-bound aminopeptidase which cleaves the tyrosine-glycine bond of
      enkephalin was purified about 1600-fold from monkey brain. This aminopeptidase
      hydrolyzed Leu-enkephalin with a Km value of 35 microM and also hydrolyzed basic,
      neutral and aromatic amino acid beta-naphthylamides. An apparently homogeneous
      enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approx.
      100 000. The optimum pH was in the neutral region. From the analysis of the
      reaction products, only aminopeptidase activity was detected. The enzyme was
      inactivated by metal chelators, but the activity could be restored by the
      addition of divalent cations, such as Co2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+. Puromycin, bestatin
      and amastatin, which are aminopeptidase inhibitors derived from microorganism,
      showed strong competitive inhibition of the enzyme, the most potent being
      amastatin, with a Ki value of 0.02 microM.

PMID- 6830851
TI  - Changes in protein turnover during gestation in the foetuses, placentas, liver,
      muscle and whole body of rats given a low-protein diet.
AB  - (1) Protein synthesis and content have been studied in skeletal muscle, liver,
      foetuses and placentas of pregnant rats given a protein-deficient diet. Changes
      which occurred during the anabolic and subsequent catabolic phases of pregnancy
      are compared with those in well-fed pregnant and in protein-deficient non
      pregnant rats. (2) The normal increase in liver protein did not occur during
      pregnancy in the protein-deficient group. (3) Protein deficiency affected protein
      content of the placenta earlier and more severely than that of the foetus. (4)
      Rates of protein synthesis in liver, placentas and foetuses were enhanced above
      control values by protein deficiency. (5) Muscle protein increased normally
      during the anabolic phase of pregnancy but fell during the catabolic phase,
      unlike values for well-fed animals. (6) Muscle protein synthesis rates rose by
      similar amounts in well-fed and protein-deficient animals during the anabolic
      phase of pregnancy. The fall to starting values during the catabolic phase was
      sharper and earlier in protein-deficient animals, which could reduce demands on
      the body amino acid pool by an amount equivalent to over 50% of the needs for
      protein deposition in foetuses and placentas. Thus, changes in muscle protein
      synthesis in both anabolic and catabolic phases of pregnancy may afford some
      protection to foetal protein synthesis.

PMID- 6830854
TI  - The effect of methionine on the accumulation of ornithine by Chinese hamster
      cells in culture.
AB  - Ornithine was found to be toxic to cells that lack ornithine aminotransferase (EC
      2.6.1.13). These cells also accumulated substantial amounts of ornithine. The
      addition of methionine to these cells protected them from the toxic effects of
      ornithine and also diminished their accumulation of ornithine. Cells that have an
      active ornithine aminotransferase were resistant to the toxic effects of
      ornithine, and accumulated less of this compound.

PMID- 6830855
TI  - Variations in induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by trans-Stilbene oxide in
      rodent species.
AB  - Trans-Stilbene oxide (400 mg/kg) produced a 500% increase in the microsomal
      epoxide hydratase activity in rat and mouse with little change in the soluble
      enzyme activity. However, in guinea pig, the soluble epoxide hydratase activity
      increased by about 33% with only a small increase (47.6%) in the microsomal
      enzyme activity. The soluble glutathione S-transferase activities were also
      induced in both rat and mouse, with little change in that of the guinea pig.
      Increasing dosage of trans-stilbene oxide from 400 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg had little
      effect on the above enzyme activities. That the guinea pig was not relatively
      refractory to all inducing agents was shown by the fact that phenobarbital (100
      mg/kg) and 3-methylcholanthrene (25 mg/kg) produced relatively similar increases
      in the activities of aniline hydroxylase and P-aminopyrine N-demethylase in rat,
      mouse and guinea pig. However, these inducers produced only a 15-20% stimulation
      in the soluble glutathione S-transferase and microsomal epoxide hydratase
      activities in guinea pig, when compared to a 50-80% increase in rat and mouse,
      suggesting a general resistance to induction by the phase II enzymes in guinea
      liver. In all three animal models, the inducer markedly increased the microsomal
      total phospholipid content, although the sphingomyelin content itself was
      decreased. In both rat and mouse, the microsomal cholesterol content was
      significantly decreased while that in guinea pig was unaffected. Possible factors
      responsible for the observed species differences are discussed.

PMID- 6830856
TI  - A Mossbauer spectroscopic study of iron location in isolated human placental
      syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes.

PMID- 6830857
TI  - Synthesis of biopterin from dihydroneopterin triphosphate by rat tissues.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography procedure for the analysis of pterins of
      biopterin synthesis from dihydroneopterin triphosphate via sepiapterin in rat
      tissues has been described. Sepiapterin-synthesizing enzyme 1, which catalyzes in
      the presence of Mg2+ the conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to an
      intermediate designated compound X was assayed by determining pterin which is
      formed from compound X under acidic conditions. Sepiapterin- and biopterin
      synthesizing activity were also assayed by determining sepiapterin and biopterin,
      respectively. Analytical results revealed the presence of these activities in
      most rat tissues examined and high levels were found in kidney, pineal gland and
      liver. Activities were also detectable in peripheral erythrocytes.

PMID- 6830858
TI  - Molybdate effect on the glucocorticoid receptor in cell-free systems and intact
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of sodium molybdate on the stability and activation of the
      glucocorticoid receptor from chick and rat thymus were investigated. Molybdate,
      at a concentration range of 1-10 mM, blocked denaturation of the cytosol receptor
      by elevated (25 and 37 degrees C) temperatures. This effect could be observed
      only with the aggregated (low-salt) form of the receptor. Molybdate also
      inhibited transformation of the receptor-hormone complex to the DNA-binding state
      which occurs either with incubation at 25 degrees C or with salt treatment. The
      inhibitory effect of molybdate could be observed only on the non-activated
      receptor; nuclear-and DNA-binding of the activated receptor was not significantly
      changed by molybdate. Both effects were concentration-dependent. Molybdate had no
      effect on the activation of the partially purified glucocorticoid receptor.
      Molybdate effect was also examined using intact lymphocytes. Sodium molybdate had
      no effect either on the steroid binding of whole cells or on the nuclear transfer
      of the hormone-receptor complex. While the mechanism of molybdate action remains
      unknown the results of experiments on purified receptor suggest that molybdate
      does not act directly on the receptor molecule; rather through some cytosol
      factor(s). However, these effects could only be seen in cell-free experiments,
      and not during the conditions of the living cell.

PMID- 6830859
TI  - Similarities and differences of the binding of estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen
      (an antiestrogen) in the chick oviduct cytosol.
AB  - The binding characteristics of [3H]estradiol and 4-[3H] hydroxytamoxifen (a
      powerful estradiol antagonist) in the chick oviduct cytosol was analyzed by
      sucrose gradient centrifugation and dissociation kinetics experiments at 28
      degrees C. Heating the cytoplasmic estradiol-estrogen receptor complexes led to
      the 'transformation' of the receptor; as with the estrogen receptor in other
      target tissues and species, the transformed receptor sedimented in the 5 S region
      of sucrose gradients containing 0.4 M KCl and had a slower rate of dissociation
      of bound estradiol. Upon heating, the cytoplasmic 4-hydroxytamoxifen complexes
      also appeared to undergo similar changes in their physical states as analyzed by
      sedimentation rates and dissociation kinetics, and we conclude that antiestrogen
      can transform the receptor. Sodium molybdate inhibited the temperature mediated
      changes with both estrogen and antiestrogen complexes. Slight but consistent
      differences in the sedimentation coefficient and rate of ligand dissociation were
      observed between the complexes formed by estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen but the
      relevance to opposite biological activities remains unknown.

PMID- 6830861
TI  - Activation of human platelet adenylate cyclase by a bovine sperm component.
AB  - The interaction of bovine sperm particles and human platelet membranes was
      studied with regard to adenylate cyclase activity. When sperm and platelet
      membrane preparations were combined, greater than additive adenylate cyclase
      activity was measured. Data obtained after inactivation of the sperm enzyme
      indicated that the observed increase in adenylate cyclase activity was not due to
      an activation of the sperm cyclase but that a sperm component, which could be
      extracted from the sperm particles, activated the platelet adenylate cyclase.
      Platelet cyclase activation by the sperm particles was a saturable and time
      dependent process. The extent of activation was particularly high (up to 10-fold)
      in the presence of a stable GTP analog. Under this condition, the apparent
      affinity of the platelet enzyme for Mg2+ was increased by about one order of
      magnitude, whereas with Mn2+ only a minor effect of the sperm particles was
      observed. Platelet adenylate cyclase stimulation by prostaglandin E1 (up to 20
      fold) was more than doubled by the sperm particles, whereas the inhibition of the
      platelet enzyme by epinephrine was abolished. The sperm factor was trypsin
      sensitive and was inactivated by boiling. The data indicate that bovine sperm
      particles contain an extractable protein, which activates platelet adenylate
      cyclase probably by inactivating an inhibitory site.

PMID- 6830860
TI  - Effects of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of cobalamin on methionine and S
      adenosylmethionine metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Inhalation of nitrous oxidises cobalamin and, in turn, inactivates methionine
      synthetase which forms methionine from homocysteine and which requires
      cob[I]alamin as a co-factor. This study was planned to determine the effect of
      virtual cessation of methionine synthesis via a cobalamin-dependent pathway, on
      tissue levels of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine and on related enzymes. The
      level of methionine in liver fell initially after exposure to N2O but was
      restored to pre-N2O levels after 6 days despite continuing N2O exposure. Brain
      methionine fell within 12 h of N2O exposure but the fall was not significant. The
      restoration of methionine levels is accompanied by an increase in activity of
      betaine homocysteine methyltransferase in liver but this enzyme was not detected
      in brain. The activity of methionine synthetase remained very low in both liver
      and brain as long as N2O inhalation was continued. There was an initial rise in
      liver S-adenosylmethionine levels followed by a steady fall to 40% of its initial
      level after 11 days of N2O exposure. However, there was no change in the level of
      S-adenosylmethionine in brain during this period. The data indicate that either
      brain meets its requirement by increased methionine uptake from plasma or that
      there are alternate pathways in brain for methionine synthesis other than those
      requiring a cobalamin coenzyme.

PMID- 6830862
TI  - An 18000-dalton protein metabolically labeled by polyamines in various mammalian
      cell lines.
AB  - The possible role of polyamines in the covalent modification of cellular
      protein(s) was investigated by studying the metabolic labeling of NB-15 mouse
      neuroblastoma cells by [14C]putrescine in fresh Dulbecco's medium followed by
      separation of cellular proteins through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Under such incubation conditions, a single protein band with an
      apparent molecular weight of 18000 was radioactively labeled. [14C]Spermidine
      also specifically labeled this protein. The majority of the radioactivity
      covalently linked to the 18-kDa protein was recovered as hypusine. The
      radioactive labeling of this protein was stimulated 1.3-fold by 1 mM dibutyryl
      cAMP and 2.8-fold by 4% fetal calf serum. Fetal calf serum also stimulated the
      labeling of many other cellular proteins. This may be due to the conversion of
      putrescine to amino acids via the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
      Aminoguanidine, a potent inhibitor of diamine oxidase, completely inhibited the
      fetal calf serum-stimulated labeling of these cellular proteins but had no effect
      on the labeling of the 18-kDa protein. The specific labeling of the 18-kDa
      protein by [14C]putrescine occurred in various mammalian cells examined including
      the N-18 mouse neuroblastoma cells, 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes, and H-35 rat
      hepatoma cells. The specificity of labeling of the apparently ubiquitous 18-kDa
      protein and the stimulation of this labeling by fetal calf serum suggest that
      this protein may be important in mediating some of the actions of polyamines in
      cell growth regulation.

PMID- 6830863
TI  - Adenine-induced hypoxanthine release from IMP-enriched human erythrocytes.
AB  - Adenine uptake and hypoxanthine release by IMP-enriched human erythrocytes has
      been studied. The presence of IMP within the erythrocytes leads to an increase in
      the rate of adenine incorporation. Adenine is taken up by IMP-enriched
      erythrocytes as AMP, even when intracellular 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate
      concentration is undetectable and too low to allow IMP synthesis from
      hypoxanthine. During adenine uptake and AMP synthesis, hypoxanthine is released
      by the cells. The possibility that 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, necessary
      for AMP synthesis, is formed through the hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-catalyzed IMP pyrophosphorolysis is considered.

PMID- 6830864
TI  - Transferrin binding and iron uptake in mouse hepatocytes.

PMID- 6830865
TI  - Interaction of liposomes with human leukocytes in whole blood.
AB  - The uptake of multilamellar liposomes into human leukocytes in whole blood in
      vitro was evaluated on the basis of the cellular association of liposomal markers
      (3H-labelled cholesterol, lipid phase; [14C]inulin, aqueous phase). The entry of
      liposomes into human blood leukocytes was linear for 60 min and was mediated by a
      saturable mechanism displaying affinity constants of 0.28 +/- 0.17 and 0.16 +/-
      0.05 mM liposomal lipid (means +/- S.E.) for liposomal lipid and aqueous phase
      markers, respectively. Amicon filtration analysis of incubation mixtures
      containing blood and liposomes (phosphatidylcholine:dicetyl
      phosphate:cholesterol, 70:20:10) showed that 34% of [14C]inulin was lost (neither
      liposome-associated nor cell-associated) after 60 min. By preincorporating
      sphingomyelin (35 mol%) into multilamellar liposomes, the leakage of the model
      aqueous phase marker inulin was reduced to 8% after 60 min, thus enhancing the
      drug carrier potential of liposomes in blood. As a consequence of their
      interaction with liposomes, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes in whole blood
      decreased in apparent buoyant density, while maintaining their viability. These
      results indicate that blood leukocytes in their natural milieu of whole blood are
      capable of interacting with, and taking up multilamellar liposomes.

PMID- 6830866
TI  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance of perfused salivary gland.
AB  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) was used for the sequential
      measurement of phosphorus energy metabolites in perfused canine submandibular
      gland. Under resting conditions, ATP and creatine phosphate levels were 0.42 +/-
      0.11 mM and 0.62 +/- 0.16 mM (mean +/- S.D., in nine glands). When perfusion of
      the gland was stopped, the tissue contents of ATP and creatine phosphate
      decreased, that of ADP increased and tissue pH decreased. Restarting perfusion
      led to recoveries of the tissue content of the phosphorus compounds and tissue pH
      to normal. Acetylcholine administration induced secretion of saliva, decreased
      the level of ATP, creatine phosphate and tissue pH, and increased the ADP level.

PMID- 6830867
TI  - The effects of cyanide and iodoacetate intoxication and ischaemia on enzyme
      release from the perfused rat heart.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts perfused in the presence of iodoacetate show inhibition of
      glycolysis and release enzymes into the perfusate. Hearts perfused with cyanide,
      a mitochondrial inhibitor, show acceleration of glycolysis and no enzyme release.
      The adenine nucleotide content of the iodoacetate, but not the cyanide-perfused
      hearts was reduced. These results indicate that the membranes were permeable in
      the former treatment group. The adenylate energy charge and the ATP content of
      both the cyanide and iodoacetate treatment groups were similar but, as the extent
      of enzyme release was quite different, it appears that the energy state of the
      cell was not the prime factor controlling membrane integrity. Isolated perfused
      hearts were rendered ischaemic by placing a one-way ball valve in the aortic
      outflow tract. ATP concentration declined, as did ADP after an initial rise of
      short duration. AMP concentrations rose as the time of ischaemia increased. At
      the time at which enzyme release was first determined, the intracellular total
      adenine nucleotide content began to decline, suggesting that the membrane had
      become permeable to both small and large molecules. Glycolysis was stimulated by
      the hypoxia induced in the preparation and then this increase became inhibited.
      The point at which this inhibition was observed was also the point at which
      membrane permeability was evident. Taken together, the data from these
      experiments suggest that the energy derived from the activity of the glycolytic
      pathway may be important to the heart for maintenance of membrane function,
      particularly in ischaemia.

PMID- 6830868
TI  - Multiple controls on the intracellular trapping of uridine.
AB  - Uridine uptake by mouse or hamster cells grown in conditions which support good
      growth is very sensitive to inhibition by cyanide and azide, at concentrations
      which only slightly reduce overall cellular ATP levels. Iodoacetate, when present
      alone, reduces uridine uptake only insofar as it reduces cellular ATP levels. At
      concentrations which by themselves do not affect uridine uptake, iodoacetate
      greatly reduces the sensitivity of uridine uptake to cyanide or azide. The effect
      of cyanide is on intracellular trapping of uridine and not on its transport into
      the cell. The specific effect of cyanide is confined to uridine and not found for
      the uptake of adenine, thymidine or 2-deoxyglucose. The effect is of rapid onset
      (within 2 min) and is rapidly reversible (also within 2 min). Phosphorylation of
      uridine in homogenised cells or in Triton X-100-permeabilised cells is unaffected
      by cyanide. The data are interpreted in terms of a model in which intracellular
      trapping of uridine is subject to multiple controls, including one regulated by
      some factor requiring intact functioning of the mitochondrion. These multiple
      control systems interact synergistically to affect trapping of uridine by the
      intact cell.

PMID- 6830869
TI  - The kinetics of lysosomal degranulation of human neutrophils as measured by 9
      aminoacridine quenching.

PMID- 6830871
TI  - Receptor-mediated endocytosis of fibroblast beta-glucuronidase by peritoneal
      macrophages.
AB  - beta-Glucuronidase secreted by mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro was taken up into
      mouse peritoneal macrophages and into human fibroblasts by a process which was
      rapid and saturable. High concentrations of mannose-containing compounds
      inhibited uptake into macrophages but had no effect on uptake into fibroblasts.
      Mannose-6-phosphate inhibited uptake into both types of cell, reducing uptake
      into macrophages by 34% and abolishing uptake into fibroblasts completely at a
      concentration of 5 mM. Fructose-1-phosphate was almost equally as effective at
      inhibiting uptake into fibroblasts but had no effect on macrophages. Pre
      treatment of beta-glucuronidase with alkaline phosphatase totally prevented its
      uptake into fibroblasts but had no effect on its uptake into macrophages. These
      results indicate that fibroblasts can secrete a lysosomal enzyme in a form
      recognised as a high uptake ligand not only by other fibroblasts but also by
      peritoneal macrophages and that endocytosis appears to be mediated by different
      receptors present on each type of cell. This has important implications for the
      potential treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses by fibroblast transplants.

PMID- 6830870
TI  - Improved radioimmunodetection of tumours using liposome-entrapped antibody.
AB  - The discrimination of radioimmunodetection of tumours is reduced by the presence
      of circulating radiolabelled antibody (primary antibody). We have prepared
      liposomes containing an antibody to the primary antibody (secondary antibody),
      with the intention of complexing and delivering to the liver primary antibody
      which is not associated with the tumour. In mice bearing xenografts of human
      tumours which secrete the marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), liposomally
      entrapped secondary antibody was able to reduce the blood levels of 125I-labelled
      anti-CEA within 2 h, without reducing the amount of anti-CEA bound to the tumour.
      We therefore suggest that the use of liposomally entrapped secondary antibody
      would improve the diagnostic potential of radioimmunodetection of tumours and
      their metastases.

PMID- 6830872
TI  - Glucose transport and metabolism in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Human skin fibroblast cultures, seeded at 10(5) cells/5 cm plate and allowed to
      grow to confluence at approx. 10(6) cells/5 cm plate, utilized a glycolytic mode
      of metabolism where the ratio of glucose utilized to lactate produced wa 0.62 +/-
      0.05 (Zielke, R.H., Ozand, P.T., Tyldon, J.I., Sevdalian, D.A. and Cornblath, M.
      (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 4110-4114) (mean +/- S.E.). When the
      glucose in the medium was exhausted, the lactate produced during the highly
      glycolytic phase was then reutilized. In monolayer cultures that had been washed
      with phosphate-buffered saline, rates of glucose utilization were measured at
      0.25 and 2 mM glucose by monitoring the appearance of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose.
      Rate of utilization for each concentration of glucose decreased markedly as the
      cultures became more confluent. This decrease also correlated with a reduced
      ability to transport glucose as measured by 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose uptake in washed
      monolayer cultures. In washed confluent culture of fibroblasts, glucose
      utilization was markedly decreased by the presence of pyruvate and lactate but
      not by glutamine. The respiratory inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin, did not
      increase the rate of glucose utilization except when added in combination with
      pyruvate. We conclude that cultured skin fibroblasts possess a highly glycolytic
      mode of metabolism but that this mode can become more oxidative in the presence
      of sufficient quantities of pyruvate and lactate.

PMID- 6830873
TI  - Kinetics of histone hyperacetylation and deacetylation in human diploid
      fibroblasts.
AB  - We have utilized sodium butyrate-treated normal human diploid fibroblasts to
      study core histone hyperacetylation kinetics. We report a small, distinct
      population of core histone characterized by a very rapid rate of hyperacetylation
      (t1/2 approximately equal to 10-15 min for monoacetylated histone H4) compared to
      the slower rate (t1/2 approximately equal to 140-200 min for monoacetylated H4)
      observed for bulk histone. Two rates of core histone deacetylation were also
      detected and we demonstrated that the rapidly hypermodified histone H4 population
      was also rapidly deacetylated. The kinetics of histone H4 hyperacetylation and
      deacetylation in these cells were not significantly altered, regardless of
      whether cultures were exponentially growing, confluent or arrested in an
      essentially non-mitotic state.

PMID- 6830881
TI  - [Reconstruction of the weighting function of a simple receptive field of the
      visual cortex with regard to nonlinearity].

PMID- 6830877
TI  - Metabolic properties of freshly isolated bovine endothelial cells.
AB  - Studies on endothelial cells metabolism have been limited by the lack of
      availability of a procedure for obtaining such cells in quantities adequate for
      direct in vitro analysis. Viable and well-dispersed endothelial cells in high
      yield have been obtained from the cavernous bodies of bovine penis. A preliminary
      characterization of the metabolic properties of the isolated cells has concerned
      the respiratory activity and some aspects of the carbohydrate metabolism. This
      study points out the following metabolic characteristics of endothelial cells:
      (1) a low respiration that is inhibited by high glucose concentrations (Crabtree
      effect); (2) a very high glycolytic activity in aerobic conditions, with a low
      Pasteur effect; (3) a very high potential activity of the hexose monophosphate
      shunt relative to the actual flux in the pathway. The biological relevance of
      these observations is discussed.

PMID- 6830876
TI  - Preferential alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme induction by sodium butyrate.
AB  - SW-620, a continuous cell line derived from a poorly differentiated human colon
      carcinoma, produces two alkaline phosphatases. Under basal conditions the heat
      stable, term-placental is the major isoenzyme and the heat-labile,
      liver/bone/kidney form represents a minor component. Exposing SW-620 cells to
      sodium butyrate causes induction of increased levels of activity accompanied by a
      striking shift in isoenzyme distribution not observed heretofore. The activity
      increase is accounted for entirely by augmentation of the liver/bone/kidney
      isoenzyme, with the term-placental form not being affected. Two other known
      alkaline phosphatase inducers, prednisolone and hyperosmolality, do not influence
      specific activity and isoenzyme distribution. The preferential induction of the
      liver/bone/kidney form of alkaline phosphatase in SW-620 cells may reflect a
      butyrate-elicited expression of a more differentiated state.

PMID- 6830874
TI  - Correlation between hydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence of the heart and its
      function.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat heart emits a spontaneous ultraweak chemiluminescence.
      When the perfusion is stopped, light emission decreases, indicating the
      dependency of this phenomenon on aerobic metabolism. Emitted chemiluminescence
      was markedly enhanced following perfusion with 0.05 mM H2O2 or cumene
      hydroperoxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide; substitution of O2 for N2 in the
      gassing mixture of the perfusion media significantly lowered photon emission.
      Lipid peroxidation, which is known to be associated with chemiluminescence, was
      evaluated by HPLC analysis of peroxidized and unperoxidized heart
      phosphatidylcholines. During hydroperoxide perfusion, coronary flow and heart
      rate progressively decreased, while lactic dehydrogenase was released after
      complete cardiac arrest. The resultant morphology of this damage corresponds to
      the so-called 'stone heart', a pattern already described in both human and
      experimental pathology.

PMID- 6830880
TI  - [Influence of erythrocyte destruction kinetics on the dynamic behavior of the
      erythropoiesis system].
AB  - A simple mathematical model was used to analyse the influence of cell destruction
      kinetics on the dynamics of erythropoietic system. Two ways of erythrocyte
      destruction were compared: random destruction and destruction of cells at their
      maximum age. It has been shown that mostly used description of erythrocyte
      destruction as a random process results in a great stability increase (about
      three times in the critical feedback coefficient). Oscillations with large
      periods (20 divided by 200 days) may exist in the system.

PMID- 6830878
TI  - Energetics of sodium transport in the kidney. Saturation transfer 31P-NMR.
AB  - 31P-NMR has been used to quantify inorganic phosphate (Pi) and high-energy
      phosphates in the isolated, functioning perfused rat kidney, while monitoring
      oxygen consumption, glomerular filtration rate and sodium reabsorption. Compared
      with enzymatic analysis, 100% of ATP, but only 25% of ADP and 27% of Pi are
      visible to NMR. This is indicative that a large proportion of both ADP and Pi are
      bound in the intact kidney. NMR is measuring free, and therefore probably
      cytosolic concentrations of these metabolites. ATP synthesis rate, measured by
      saturation transfer NMR shows the P:O ratio of 2.45 for the intact kidney. This
      is close to the theoretical value, suggesting the NMR visible pool is that which
      is involved in oxidative phosphorylation. The energy cost of Na transport,
      calculated from the theoretical Na:ATP of 3.0 exceeded the measured rate of ATP
      synthesis. Instead, Na:ATP for active transport in the perfused kidney was 12.
      Since the phosphorylation potential ( [ATP]/[ADP]X[Pi] ) by NMR was 10 000 M-1,
      the free-energy of ATP hydrolysis was 52 kJ/mol. Using this figure, the rate of
      ATP hydrolysis observed could fully account for the observed rate of sodium
      reabsorption.

PMID- 6830875
TI  - Effect of tunicamycin on polarized membrane functions of an established kidney
      epithelial cell line.
AB  - We have explored the relationship between glycoprotein biosynthesis, cell
      proliferation and function of a differentiated polarized membrane assessed by
      dome formation in the MDCK epithelial cell line. At 0.1 microgram/ml tunicamycin,
      complete inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in either serum-containing
      or serum-free, hormone-supplemented growth medium. By contrast, no inhibition of
      either spontaneous dome formation or that triggered by inducers of cell
      differentiation such as hexamethylene bisacetamide was observed at 0.5
      microgram/ml tunicamycin, although total glycosylation of cellular proteins was
      inhibited by 75%. Our results suggest that the polarized sorting out of
      epithelial membrane proteins to apical and basolateral surfaces and their
      functions related to vectorial transepithelial fluid transport, monitored by dome
      formation, can persist unimpaired despite considerable underglycosylation of
      cellular glycoproteins and inhibition of cell proliferation.

PMID- 6830879
TI  - [Instabilities of autowaves in excitable media associated with critical curvature
      phenomena].
AB  - While studying a two-dimensional excitable medium described by the Fitz--Hugh
      equation on a digital computer a new type of instabilities was discovered which
      had no analogy in one-dimensional systems. It has been shown that when the wave
      encounters upon an obstacle the front breaks, diverge, thus destroying the
      excitation waves. Initiation of such instabilities is associated with critical
      curvative phenomenon. The instabilities appear when the front curvature in the
      region of wave break is greater than the critical one for the given medium. The
      instabilities found are observed when medium excitability is suppressed. This
      phenomenon may be related to the processes which occur in the damage regions of
      the myocardium tissue.

PMID- 6830882
TI  - [Crystallization of intracellular water in plant tissues].

PMID- 6830883
TI  - [Recording of high resolution 31P NMR spectra from the surface of a living
      object].
AB  - A surface coil probehead was worked out for the superconducting 50 mm bore magnet
      of NMR a high resolution NMR spectrometer with the field strength 8,46 T (145.78
      MHz for 31P nuclei) with a 50 mm slot. The requirements were analysed for the
      surface R.F. coil to obtain the greatest possible single/noise ratio at fixed
      space selectivity. Real penetration depth of the radio-frequency field into the
      specimen was estimated. Spectra of liver and abdominal muscle of anesthetized
      mouse were obtained. The probehead may be applied to obtain high resolution 31P
      spectra in vivo studies of animal organs.

PMID- 6830884
TI  - [Study of the pattern of gamma-resonance absorption lines in deoxy- and
      oxyhemoglobin].
AB  - The pattern of Mossbauer spectra lines of desoxy- and oxyhemoglobin measured with
      high accuracy is investigated. The distribution histograms of isomer shifts and
      quadrupole splittings of spectra components are obtained. An analysis carried out
      showed a possibility of the approximation of each spectrum pattern by the
      superposition of two quadrupole splitting doublets with different intensities,
      similar isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings identical for desoxy- and
      different for oxyhemoglobin which reflected the difference in nonequivalence of
      Fe2+ in alpha- and beta-subunits of desoxy- and oxyhemoglobin.

PMID- 6830887
TI  - [Physical mechanism of "electron path" formation in protein-carriers].

PMID- 6830885
TI  - [A simple method for the definition of average DNA nucleotide composition from
      melting curves].

PMID- 6830886
TI  - [The tricarboxylic acid cycle and the genetic code].
AB  - Application of quantum--mechanical calculations of interaction energy of nitrous
      bases in DNA triplets to genetic code permits division of codons and pertinent
      amino acids into two groups. The first one corresponds to the upper energetic
      level 150-170 kJ/mole per base pair (per a triplet codon on the average). The
      second group corresponds to the low energetic level 88/92 kJ/mole per base pair.
      Comparing this grouping of amino acids with their incorporations into the cycle
      of tricarboxylic acids it turns out that the majority of amino acids of the first
      group are incorporated into the cycle via acetyl-KoA. Most amino acids of the
      second group are incorporated directly. It seems that the ways of amino acids
      introduction into the cycle of tricarboxylic acids are to a certain degree
      predetermined by energetic interactions of nitrous bases in the genetic codons.

PMID- 6830889
TI  - [Dependence of monotrachial bacteria chemotaxis on the direction of flagella
      rotation].
AB  - Monotrichous bacteria V. harveyi periodically reverse their direction when moving
      in a liquid environment. It is reported that in a uniform surrounding the
      motility pattern is composed of a repeat of two sequential runs: a short and a
      long one separated by a reversal. The main duration of the short run was 0.4 sec
      and of the long one - 1.3 sec. Upon the addition of attractants or repellents the
      long runs became prolonged or shortened correspondingly. The duration of the
      short runs was independent of attractant or repellent stimuli. It is concluded
      that the flagellum is unresponsive to the taxis signal when rotating clockwise,
      which corresponds to the short run.

PMID- 6830892
TI  - [Fractionation of cell populations].

PMID- 6830890
TI  - [Acceleration of peroxide oxidation of lipids under electromagnetic radiation in
      the millimeter range].

PMID- 6830891
TI  - [Temperature effect of energy metabolism in the embryogenesis of birds].

PMID- 6830888
TI  - [Stability of the electrogenesis of liver cells in vitro and in vivo in inbred
      mice].

PMID- 6830893
TI  - [Possible generality of macroscopic fluctuations of biochemical and chemical
      reaction rates, cell electrophoretic mobility and fluctuations in measurements of
      radioactivity, optical activity and flicker noises].

PMID- 6830894
TI  - [Mechanism of the fluorescent response of carbocyanine probe diS-C3-(5) to
      membrane potential change].
AB  - A method for estimation of constants of carbocyanine probe diS-C3-(5) partition
      between water and membrane phases was developed based on the analysis of
      fluorometric titration curves. The partition constants (K) of this dye were
      calculated (the ratio of dye mole fraction in membrane and water phases) for
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles in sucrose K = (1.15 +/- 0.04) X 10(7) and
      salt K = (6.12 +/- 0.07) X 10(6) media and for the asolectine liposomes in salt
      medium K = (3.4 +/- 0.2) X 10(7). The probe partition between water and lipid
      phases was calculated for different membrane concentrations. Critical aggregation
      concentrations of probe in lipid phase were estimated to be approximately 8 mol.
      probe per 1000 mol. lipid for asolectine liposomes and approximately 9 mol. per
      1000 mol. lipid for SR vesicles (both in salt medium), approximately 6 mol. per
      1000 mol. lipid for SR vesicles in sucrose medium. On the basis of own and
      literature data a mechanism of voltage-sensitive probe response related to probe
      aggregation in membranes was suggested.

PMID- 6830895
TI  - [Definition of the concept "information" and prospects of its use in biology].
AB  - It is suggested to define the concept "information" as a "guide to action",--as a
      sum of methods, rules and data necessary for constructing an operator which
      should ensure an increase in the probability of occurrence of some event called a
      "goal" in the initial situation. The main properties of information, the
      possibility of estimating its volume, value and efficiency, as well as the
      problems related to information dynamics are considered. Some prospects of using
      the formulated concepts in biology are discussed.

PMID- 6830896
TI  - [Influence of magnetic field on hydrogen peroxide decomposition by catalase].
AB  - The rate constants of H2O2 decomposition equal to 0.45 X 10(7) M-1S-1 per hem and
      Michaelis constants higher than 0.3 M were found by gas volume meter and
      spectrophotometer methods for purified preparations of catalase from bovine
      liver. Unlike the results obtained earlier the magnetic field with induction 0.65
      T and 0.012 T does not affect the constant rate within 3%. It was found with the
      substrate concentration less than 0.01 M when the classical catalase mechanism
      was observed and with higher concentration of the substrate up to 0.7 M when the
      catalase inhibition by H2O2 played an important role.

PMID- 6830897
TI  - [Spectroscopic study of hydration and the dynamic structure of trypsin and some
      of its lipid-protein and protein-lipid-carbohydrate complexes].

PMID- 6830899
TI  - [Comparative study of synthetic peptide fragments of histones H2B].
AB  - Oligopeptides of the N-terminal end of H2B histone with different molecular
      weights and amino acid sequences are studied by the CD method and X-ray analysis.
      Characteristic peculiarities of CD-spectra and position of diffraction maximums
      in X-ray diagrams in all the studied oligopeptides show that their conformation
      by the structure is similar to the extended left--handed helix of polyproline II.
      The investigation of CD-spectra under different conditions showed the dependence
      of the stability of "proII" conformation on the oligopeptide chain length. Their
      spectral and conformational properties may be due to peculiarities of their amino
      acid composition.

PMID- 6830900
TI  - [Selective action of ruby laser radiation on the pigment apparatus of higher
      plants].
AB  - Low-temperature (77 K) luminescence of pea chloroplasts and sub-chloroplast
      particles enriched with different components of photosynthetic pigment apparatus,
      and changes of luminescence induced by ruby laser pulse irradiation (694.3 nm) at
      various intensities were studied. The measured spectra showed selective laser -
      induced damage revealed by a predominant decrease of longer - wavelength
      luminescence band (near 730 nm). The effect is associated with light
      subchloroplast particles. Damage in PSI reaction centres occurred at power
      densities higher than a threshold value (5-8) X 10(10) W . m-2. No significant
      selective changes in luminescence spectra of PS2 pigment forms were observed at
      power densities up to 10(12) W . m-2. PSI - associated pigment forms that
      luminescence at 750-760 nm appear to be the most sensitive to laser irradiation.
      These forms are presumably the "sinks" for extra excitation energy in PSI.

PMID- 6830901
TI  - [Estimation of the number of manganese atoms functioning in the donating side of
      photosystem 2].
AB  - Comparison of theoretically expected and experimental dependence of reactivation
      of the donor side of photosystem 2 (PS-2) on concentration of exogenic MnCl2 that
      was observed in PS-2 preparation after complete extraction of manganese was made.
      It is shown that in the absence of Mg2+ or bivalent cations of other metals
      (Me2+) the reactivation corresponds to the filling of a tetranuclear Mn
      containing active center; in the presence of 3 microM Mg2+ or other Me2+ the
      reactivation takes place as a result of binding of two manganese atoms in the
      center. It is suggested that a tetranuclear manganese complex (which probably is
      responsible for the photosynthetic oxidation of water) functions in the donor
      side of PS-2; two of these four manganese atoms can be substituted by Mg2+ or
      other Me2+ without changing activity of the center.

PMID- 6830898
TI  - [Kinetic resonance in open biochemical reactions with genetic induction of enzyme
      biosynthesis].
AB  - It has been shown that the genetic induction of enzyme synthesis by the
      substrate, like the kinetic induction, may bring about resonance responses in an
      open biochemical reaction at periodic external disturbances. Joint action of
      genetic and kinetic inductions broadens the range of the system parameters, where
      the resonance phenomena are possible. Under the joint action of genetic and
      kinetic inductions the resonance frequency may be independent of the amplitude of
      external periodic disturbance.

PMID- 6830902
TI  - [Kinetics of bilayer lipid membrane formation].
AB  - Methods of irreversible thermodynamics are used to describe some kinetic
      processes on lipid membranes (for example, growth of the black spots during
      bilayer formation, the spreading of shimming lens etc.). The equation derived
      here shows the balance of the membrane system energy. Although this equation is
      generally only a boundary condition for the corresponding hydrodynamic problem it
      could be directly applied for analysing the bilayer formation processes. The
      application of this theory to experimental results permitted a determination of
      the membrane viscosity, and this was found to be about 10 P for ox brain lipids.

PMID- 6830903
TI  - [Formation of local changes in concentrations of hydrogen and potassium ions in
      bilayer lipid membranes adjacent to the membrane in the presence of monensin and
      nigericin].

PMID- 6830904
TI  - [Theory of hydrophobic ion adsorption in bilayer lipid membranes taking into
      account their lateral interaction and charge discreteness].
AB  - A relationship was calculated between the number of adsorbed hydrophobic ions and
      the potential created by them in BLM and concentrations of these ions in
      solution, ionic strength in solution, the value of the membrane charge and the
      potential dipole shift on the BLM surface. It was assumed in the model under
      consideration that the ion adsorption plane was located at some depth inside the
      membrane, the discrete nature of the ions, their possible lateral interaction and
      existence of various adsorption centres in the membrane being taken into account.

PMID- 6830905
TI  - [Cooperative analysis of measurements of capacity and optical parameters of
      bilayer lipid membranes].
AB  - On the model of rough bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) a cooperative analysis was
      carried out of measurements of its capacity and of reflective ability and
      transmission in the optical range of the wave lengths. A correct estimation of
      roughness of BLM containing squalene was given, roughness parameters initiated
      under BLM electrostriction were estimated. Electrostriction mechanism of rough
      BLM was considered. It has been shown that discrepancies while measuring the
      elasticity modulus E perpendicular to bilayer plane by capacitive and optical
      methods are due to some peculiarities of the latter, which in fact measures
      another elasticity modulus E (at two-sided widening of the bilayer in its plane).
      The optical and capacitive methods give additional information concerning BLM
      deformations at electrostriction.

PMID- 6830906
TI  - [Primary event in the process of membrane fusion].
AB  - Literature data on conditions required for membrane fusion were analysed. It has
      been shown that fusion proceeds only as a result of structural reconstructions of
      the bilayer. Classification of fusion mechanisms according to the primary event,
      including the structural change of the membrane, is suggested. Two main types of
      the primary events are singled out: the stalker one involving appearance of a
      bridge between the membranes drawn together, and the adhesion one involving
      structural reconstruction due to close adhesion of the membranes.

PMID- 6830908
TI  - [31P-NMR study of P-compounds metabolism in the liver of mice under stress].
AB  - A method for quantitative calculation of 31P-NMR spectra of tissues is proposed.
      Change dynamics of concentrations of phosphor-containing metabolites in the mouse
      liver under starvation, physical load (swimming) and glucose load
      (intraperitoneally) was investigated. It has been shown that using starvation as
      a method for object standardization 12-24 hours starvation is the optimal one.

PMID- 6830907
TI  - [Study of the permeability of bilayer lipid membranes by the Monte-Carlo method].
AB  - Results are presented of computer modelling of small molecules transfer through
      the double lipid layer of the membrane. The problem is considered on the basis of
      "kink" theory. Dependence of the permeability coefficient P on temperature T and
      area A per one lipid chain on the interface surface was studied. It has been
      shown that with T and (or) A decrease the value P decreases. The P values
      calculated, as well as probabilities of "kinks" and gauche-isomers for the chains
      in liquid--crystal bilayer well agree with the experimental data. It has been
      shown that the admixture molecules introduced between the bilayer lipid chains
      decrease its permeability.

PMID- 6830909
TI  - [Activation of glucose isomerase by magnesium and cobalt ions].

PMID- 6830912
TI  - [Dependence of ganglioside composition of leukemic lymphocytes on density cell
      population density].
AB  - A comparative study of gangliosides from bovine normal lymph lymphocytes and
      leukemic blood lymphocytes and from calf thymocytes incubated at different cell
      densities was carried out. The ganglioside composition of thymocytes and normal
      lymphocytes was insensitive to the variations in cell density. In the case of
      leukemic lymphocytes the decrease of cell density resulted in a reduction of the
      absolute and relative content of one of the major ganglioside components,
      disialosyllactosylceramide, and in a concomitant increase of its precursor, N
      glycoloylneuraminosyllactosylceramide. The content of the third major ganglioside
      component, sialosylparagloboside, did not depend on cell density. The cell
      density dependent changes in the ganglioside composition of leukemic lymphocytes
      are qualitatively coincident with those observed at variable concentrations of
      blood lymphocytes in leukemic animals. A possible mechanism underlying the
      differences in ganglioside metabolism during cell density changes in leukemic
      lymphocytes is discussed.

PMID- 6830910
TI  - [Effect of specific inhibitors on multiple forms of monoamine oxidase from the
      bovine brain].

PMID- 6830911
TI  - [Mechanism of the formation of complexes between monomer fibrin and the inhibitor
      of its polymerization - fragment D].
AB  - It was found that fragment D derived from fibrinogen may be coupled with the
      fibrin monomer to produce complexes of unstable and stable types. The native
      fibrin monomer forms unstable complexes; the stable ones arise when the labile
      peripheral domains of the fibrin molecules are reversibly modified and their
      specific intermolecular affinity for the thrombin-activated central domains is
      lowered or eliminated. Fragment D, the free peripheral domain possessing
      polymerization centers, is strongly bound to the modified monomer occupying the
      polymerization sites of its central domain. The modification was induced by using
      acid pH (around 3.7) or by urea or NaBr taken at concentrations which caused no
      denaturation. In neutral media the acid-modified monomer passes to its normal
      state which is accompanied by simultaneous decrease of fragment D binding and
      restoration of codgulability. Fragment D presumably competes with the peripheral
      domain for the central one. Peripheral domains of the intact monomer are
      predominant competitors; fragment D only reduces the rate of polymerization due
      to temporary complex formation. However, modification results in a formation of
      stable complexes and thus decreases the accumulation of polymeric fibrin.

PMID- 6830913
TI  - [Adaptation of energy metabolism of liver and muscles in the rabbit to hypobaric
      hypoxia].
AB  - The adaptation of rabbits to hypobaric hypoxia results in stable changes in
      energy metabolism. During posthypoxic recovery the levels of ATP and ATP+ADP in
      the liver are decreased, while the Pi content and the cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio
      are increased; the steady state concentrations of glucose, pyruvate, lactate and
      adenine nucleotides and the rate of glycolysis are increased after hypoxic
      exposure. Succinate oxidation by liver mitochondria from hypoxia-adapted rabbits
      is accelerated as compared to normal animals; however, the coupling, rate and
      efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation remain unchanged. At enhanced
      gluconeogenesis all the parameters of phosphorylating succinate oxidation are
      impaired. Possible pathways of energy supply for gluconeogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 6830915
TI  - [Effect of photooxidation on biological properties of botulinum neurotoxin A].
AB  - Photooxidation of botulinic neurotoxin A in the presence of methylene blue is
      associated with a decrease in toxicity down to complete detoxication. During
      neurotoxin photooxidation, when the toxicity makes up to 1 to 3% of the original
      one, the conformation of the neurotoxin molecule and its antigenic properties
      remain unchanged. Under these conditions, using diethylpyrocarbonate, a specific
      reagent for histidine, the photooxidized neurotoxin was found to contain 5-6
      oxidized histidine residues per molecule of neurotoxin; this was accompanied by
      changes in the UV absorbance spectrum around 280 nm. It was assumed that the main
      decrease in neurotoxin toxicity during photooxidation is probably due to
      oxidation of tryptophane, since the differential UV spectra suggest that the
      higher the extremum around 280 nm, the greater the decrease of toxicity; chemical
      modification of histidine residues alone causes no noticeable detoxication.

PMID- 6830914
TI  - [Activation of chromatin and histone proteolysis during protein synthesis
      inhibition in liver cells].
AB  - The initial response of rat liver chromatin to strong (up to 95%) inhibition of
      protein synthesis by cycloheximide consist in activation (2-3-fold) of
      proteolysis of weakly bound nuclear histones, especially of the acetylated
      histone H3, in a decrease (7-8-fold) of the rate of histone acetylation, in an
      increased sensitivity of chromatin to DNAase I (EC 3.1.4.5) and in
      transformations of the DNA-histone interactions during the first 1-2 hours after
      inhibition of translation. This results in a temporary activation of chromatin
      which manifests itself in acceleration of RNA synthesis. Within 3 hours following
      the inhibition of translation the rate of proteolysis in the nucleus, the amount
      of acetylated forms of histone H3 and other acetylated proteins, the sensitivity
      of chromatin to DNAase I and the rate of RNA synthesis are decreased. It is
      assumed that at strong inhibition of protein synthesis one of the factors
      controlling chromatin activity is a specific proteolysis of modified histones.

PMID- 6830916
TI  - [Properties of satellite DNA of three plant species of the subtribe Citrinae].
AB  - The properties of stDNA of three species of the subtribe Citrinae have been
      investigated. The buoyant density of the main component is 1.693 g/cm3, that of
      satellite component is 1.712 g/cm3 and 1.715 g/cm3. The differential melting
      curves of satellite components reveal two melting zones. Some of stDNAs are
      melted within a broad temperature range, while others--at higher temperatures as
      a narrow peak. The reassociation kinetics suggest that 50-54% of stDNA are a fast
      reassociating fraction with the length of repeating sequences of 0.8-1.1 x 10(2)
      base pairs. Based on the values of Tm and buoyant density the 5-methylcytosine
      content in stDNA was calculated and was found equal to 20-35%. Using equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation in the actinomycin D--CsCl density gradient the stDNAs of the
      subtribe Citrinae were separated into constituent components.

PMID- 6830917
TI  - [Reconstitution of membranous microsomal monooxygenase system during gel
      filtration on Sephadex LH-20].
AB  - Solubilization of liver microsomes of intact, phenobarbital-treated and 3
      methylcholantrene-treated rats was investigated. It was shown that treatment of
      microsomes with 4% sodium cholate leads to separation of proteins and
      phospholipids from the microsomal membrane. The microsomal solubilizate was
      passed through lipophilic Sephadex LH-20 and the particles whose properties are
      close to those of the microsomal ones were obtained. The high efficiency of self
      assembly of the microsome-like particles, e. g. lack of cytochrome P-450
      conversion into cytochrome P-420, high microsomal protein yield and the high
      level of metabolizing activity of microsomal monooxygenase, was demonstrated.

PMID- 6830918
TI  - [Mechanism of action and specificity of exo-beta-1,3-glucanase from the mollusk
      Eulota maakii].

PMID- 6830919
TI  - [Isolation and properties of endodeoxyribonuclease from the ovicells of the
      loach].
AB  - A new DNAase was isolated from unfertilized loach eggs. The enzyme is activated
      by bivalent metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+) and is inhibited by Na+ and N
      ethylmaleimide. The maximal activity of DNAase lies within the pH range of 9.0
      9.5. The enzyme is thermostable and predominantly hydrolyzes the two-chain DNA by
      producing one-chain ruptures. The DNAase activity during the purification
      procedure and enzymatic analysis was determined by a highly sensitive method
      based on registration of superhelical plasmid or phage DNA conversion into open
      circular or linear molecules.

PMID- 6830920
TI  - Panpsychiatry: psychiatry as ideology.

PMID- 6830922
TI  - Stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex of the cat: increased rate of synthesis
      and release of catecholamines at limbic sites.

PMID- 6830921
TI  - Autobiographical amnesia with ECT: an analysis of the roles of stimulus wave
      form, electrode placement, stimulus energy, and seizure length.

PMID- 6830923
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test and ECT outcome: a six-month follow-up.
AB  - In an earlier report, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) predicted globally
      rated outcome at discharge in 42 patients treated with ECT. To determine the
      predictive value of the DST following discharge we reevaluated these patients 6
      months after admission. Suppressors and nonsuppressors did not differ in any of
      the follow-up measures; DST results added very little to the variance accounted
      for by diagnosis, age, and episode duration. Surprisingly, patients whose DST had
      converted at discharge from abnormal to normal were less likely to have sustained
      remission during follow-up than were patients whose DST had remained abnormal.

PMID- 6830924
TI  - Information processing and lateralization in schizophrenia.
AB  - This experiment investigated two current approaches in the study of schizophrenic
      thought, information processing and hemispheric specialization. Ten paranoid and
      ten nonparanoid schizophrenics, ten nonschizophrenic psychiatric controls, and
      ten normal controls were presented three tasks tachistoscopically. The tasks,
      letter-naming and dot enumeration of unstructured and structured arrays, were
      designed to elicit left and right hemisphere functioning through automatic and
      controlled information-processing strategies. Hemisphere effects were significant
      in the letter task with the left hemisphere superior to the right for all groups.
      Position effects were also significant, suggesting that reading habits determine
      this function and the ability was shared by all psychiatric groups. The normal
      control group identified a significantly greater number of letters than all other
      groups which may suggest that the lower performance of the psychiatric groups was
      due to a general level of psychiatric pathology. The two dot enumeration tasks
      indicated that, unlike the other three groups, the nonparanoid group processed
      the dots using an automatic strategy but only in the left hemisphere. Right
      hemisphere processing was essentially the same for all groups. The left
      hemisphere performance of the nonparanoid replicates that of a previous study and
      leads us to consider the left hemisphere dysfunction as specifically related to
      nonparanoid schizophrenics and the dysfunction as the inability to process
      information in a serial manner.

PMID- 6830925
TI  - Abnormal visual--vestibular interactions in psychosis.
AB  - Vestibular reactivity and suppression of caloric nystagmus by visual fixation
      were examined in 40 psychiatric patients (36 schizophrenics and 4 manic
      depressives) and 20 normal control subjects. Indices of reactivity commonly
      considered to reflect vestibular integrity, namely, slow-phase velocity and
      bilateral symmetry of response, did not discriminate patients from controls.
      However, response irregularities in the form of dysrhythmia and slower velocity
      of the nystagmus fast (saccadic) component were present to a significant degree
      in patients. Visual fixation effectively suppressed caloric nystagmus in normal
      controls, but not in hospitalized patients. This failure of fixation suppression
      was most marked in patients showing active symptomatology. These results indicate
      a central regulatory dysfunction of visual-vestibular interaction in psychiatric
      patients which varies with intensity of psychotic symptomatology and which does
      not seem attributable to medication or attentional factors.

PMID- 6830927
TI  - Hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient.
AB  - A man with a chronic schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder had fasting plasma
      asparagine concentrations that were consistently 4 to 8 SD above the normal
      level. Asparagine levels were also high in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
      erythrocytes. Ornithine, proline, and glutamate concentrations were irregularly
      high in fasting plasma, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were
      elevated in CSF. Whether or not these biochemical abnormalities were related to
      the psychotic disorder is unclear. However, increased asparagine concentrations,
      possibly due to an enzymatic deficiency of asparaginase, could lead to
      deregulation of polyamine biosynthesis and to excessive production of GABA from
      putrescine. These biochemical changes could in turn cause disordered brain
      function. A search in mentally ill patients for metabolic abnormalities involving
      asparagine, or other amino acids, might hasten elucidation of the biochemical
      basis of the schizophrenias.

PMID- 6830926
TI  - BPD2. An autosomal dominant form of bipolar affective disorder.
AB  - Seven pedigrees with bipolar affective disorder (BPD2) have been found to show a
      pattern consistent with autosomal dominant genetic inheritance in linkage with,
      but distal to, HLA on the short arm of chromosome 6. Segregation analysis of
      subjects by narrow criteria yielded lod score 8.02 at theta = 0.15. Four
      pedigrees of three to five generations contributed most to the total score. Note
      is made of high concordance of marker HLA haplotype in affected sibs.

PMID- 6830929
TI  - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and personality.
AB  - The investigations involved 20 schizophrenic male patients and 50 healthy male
      controls. Only those who had good brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
      replicability and clearly visible components were accepted. BAEP were recorded
      ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the click rarefaction stimuli. Two
      averagings of 2048 repetitions were superimposed. All the subjects whose BAEP
      were accepted completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). A positive
      correlation between the P dimension of personality and I-II interpeak conduction
      time was found in both groups. The correlation of the P score with BAEP latencies
      increased rapidly from I to II ipsilateral and III contralateral components and
      then gradually decreased with successive components.

PMID- 6830931
TI  - Depressive pseudodementia: a suggested diagnostic profile.
AB  - Severe cognitive and memory impairments often occur during episodes of
      depression, making it difficult to differentiate true dementia from depressive
      pseudodementia. The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the computerized
      tomography of the brain (CT scan) may aid in this problem. Eleven patients were
      assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), a Dementia Scale (DS),
      the overnight DST, and CT scans. Clinicians and raters were blind to DST results.
      All patients initially had high DS scores. These changed in most patients
      following antidepressant treatments. This study suggests a profile for the
      diagnosis of pseudodementia. Patients with cognitive impairment, dysphoric mood,
      abnormal response to the DST, and normal CT scan tend to have depressive
      pseudodementia. Patients with the first three features but with an abnormal CT
      scan likely have depression and structural brain pathology. Both groups respond
      to antidepressant treatments, although the latter continued to have some
      cognitive dysfunction during euthymia. A third group, the "true" dementia
      patients, may have abnormal CT scans and a normal DST response but larger samples
      are needed for confirmation.

PMID- 6830932
TI  - A correlational study of cardiovascular autonomic functioning and unipolar
      depression.
AB  - Cardiovascular autonomic functioning was assessed in 22 drug-free inpatients
      diagnosed by DSM-III criteria as having a unipolar depression. Sympathetic
      cholinergic, alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity were assessed via the
      measurement of forearm blood flow (FBF), digital blood flow (DBF), and the
      cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), respectively. These parameters were correlated
      with total Hamilton score (HT) (using partial correlations to control for
      extraneous autonomic variables) to identify the specific autonomic correlates of
      unipolar depression. Significant negative correlations were found between HT and
      supine FBF and significant positive correlations between HT and PEP. Large effect
      size, negative correlations (which approached significance) were found between HT
      and DBF. It is concluded that there is a specific autonomic profile of unipolar
      depression, characterized by a decrease in central sympathetic cholinergic
      outflow, coupled with increases in alpha-adrenergic and decreases in beta
      adrenergic activity. Further, this profile is not merely a static hallmark of
      depression but covaries with the severity of the depression, independent of other
      autonomic activity.

PMID- 6830928
TI  - Electroencephalographic sleep, aging, and psychopathology: new data and state of
      the art.
AB  - Dysregulation of sleep-wake function is an important problem in both normal aging
      and in the two most common neuropsychiatric disorders of old age, depression and
      primary degenerative dementia. Since considerable overlap of symptoms in
      depression and dementing disorders (e.g., sleep disturbance, dysphoria, and
      cognitive impairment) often results in patients with a "mixed" syndrome, the
      development of specific, objective indicators as diagnostic markers, using
      electroencephalographic sleep patterns, was undertaken. Patients with dementia
      showed significantly less sleep continuity disturbance than patients with
      depression, less rapid eye movement activity, a different temporal distribution
      of REM density, and a longer REM latency. A discriminant function analysis using
      three variables (REM latency, REM density, and scaled sleep maintenance)
      correctly identified eight of nine depressives and six of nine dementing patients
      (78%) (k = 0.56, p = 0.008). These differences in REM sleep timing and density
      may be related to several factors: (i) defects in acetylcholine production in
      dementia; (ii) cholinergic mechanisms of REM sleep; and (iii) increased
      cholinergic induction of REM sleep in depression. The data suggest the utility of
      EEG sleep measures in the differential diagnosis of dementia and depression in
      the elderly.

PMID- 6830930
TI  - Resistant geriatric depressions and therapeutic response to monoamine oxidase
      inhibitors.
AB  - Elderly depressed patients who met the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for
      major depressive illness, resistant to other types of treatment, were treated
      with phenelzine, a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, for a period
      of 2 to 7 weeks, following 2 weeks of placebo washout period. Dosage ranged from
      15-75 mg daily. Clinical status of patients as well as vital signs, EKG, and
      platelet MAO inhibition were measured weekly. All responders at the end of this
      period were followed for 1 to 2 years. Analysis of the results showed a 65%
      response rate as measured by Hamilton, Global, and Self-rating Scales. No
      significant drug effect in cognitive functioning, as measured by objective
      cognitive tests, was observed. Clinical improvement was sustained for all
      participants throughout the follow-up period with no side effects. A direct
      relationship between platelet MAO inhibition and clinical response was found. The
      majority of the responders (70%) had achieved high platelet MAO inhibition values
      (greater than 80%), while most of the nonresponders had platelet MAO inhibition
      values of less than 80%. These findings have potential clinical and research
      implications for treating geriatric depression, especially the ones resistant to
      other forms of treatment.

PMID- 6830933
TI  - Concurrent use of antidepressants and propranolol: case report and theoretical
      considerations.
AB  - The therapeutic indications for propranolol have been steadily increasing in
      recent years. Propranolol and other beta-adrenergic blocking agents are now
      generally acknowledged to be helpful in the management of hypertension, certain
      cardiac arrhythmias, migraine, essential tremor, angina pectoris, and most
      recently, immediately after myocardial infarction (Frishman, 1981; Norwegian
      Multicenter Study Group, 1982). Because of the myriad clinical settings in which
      propranolol has been found to be of benefit, the interactions of these drugs with
      other commonly utilized pharmacological agents is of great pragmatic interest. In
      this report we describe the successful concomitant clinical use of propranolol
      and an antidepressant drug. This finding is also of interest because of recent
      theories concerning the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Because
      propranolol readily penetrates into the CNS, it blocks beta-adrenergic receptors
      in both the periphery and the CNS (Weiner, 1980). Much attention has been focused
      recently on the effects of long-term antidepressant therapy on central beta
      adrenergic receptors in the brain as a possible mechanism of action of these
      drugs. The concurrent use of propranolol and an antidepressant drug in the
      patient described in this report did not attenuate the therapeutic effects of the
      antidepressant.

PMID- 6830935
TI  - Physostigmine-induced escape from dexamethasone suppression in normal adults.

PMID- 6830934
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase and the growth hormone response to apomorphine in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6830936
TI  - Rheocohesion of blood, a potential biological marker.

PMID- 6830937
TI  - Differences in pregnenolone and adenosine triphosphate syntheses between
      mitochondria from follicles and corpora lutea of porcine ovaries.

PMID- 6830938
TI  - Circannual and seasonal variations in plasma luteinizing hormone levels of
      ovariectomized ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis).
AB  - Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined at monthly intervals in
      intact and ovariectomized squirrels maintained in a constant 14L:10D photoperiod
      at a temperature of 23 +/- 2 degrees C. LH was undetectable (less than 0.9 ng/ml)
      in plasma of intact females at all times of year. Females ovariectomized (OVX) at
      9.5 months of age in March showed substantial increases in plasma LH in May and
      June but LH was undetectable between July and November. Females ovariectomized at
      13 months of age in July first manifested detectable LH levels the following
      January and February (6-7 months post-ovariectomy). Very few adult females
      trapped in May and ovariectomized in August had detectable LH levels within 2
      months of ovariectomy; however, females ovariectomized the following February had
      detectable LH titers 1 month later. Long-term studies of individual OVX squirrels
      indicated peak LH levels between March and June, 1980, relatively low or
      undetectable titers between August and December and elevated LH levels between
      January and March, 1981. The results are suggestive of a circannual rhythm of LH
      secretion which appears restricted to one season of the year and occurs
      independently of steroid feedback from the ovaries; ovarian steroids only
      modulate the levels of plasma LH during the brief annual period of hypothalamo
      hypophysial activity. We suggest that onset and termination of LH release are
      mediated by central nervous system circannual clocks.

PMID- 6830940
TI  - A comparison of milk composition in Myotis lucifugus and Eptesicus fuscus
      (chiroptera: vespertilionidae).
AB  - Milk composition in two species of insectivorous bats (Myotis lucifugus and
      Eptesicus fuscus) was determined. No significant differences in fat, lactose,
      protein, or energy content were evident during the lactation period for M.
      lucifugus. The percentage of fat, lactose, and protein averaged 13.5, 3.3, 7.4,
      respectively, for M. lucifugus, and 16.4, 2.5, 6.2, respectively, for E. fuscus.
      Energy content of milk averaged 7.32 kJ/g for M. lucifugus and 8.37 kJ/g for E.
      fuscus. The percentage of lactose in milk from M. lucifugus was significantly
      greater than in E. fuscus, but there were no significant interspecific
      differences in percentages of fat or protein. The two species also differed
      significantly in content of five out of nine fatty acids.

PMID- 6830939
TI  - Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/norethisterone microcapsules: an injectable
      biodegradable contraceptive.
AB  - Microcapsules made from a biocompatible, biodegradable polymeric excipient,
      poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLGA) that contained 22 weight percent (wt %)
      norethisterone (NET), were prepared by a solvent-evaporation microencapsulation
      process. The effects of changing both the lactide-to-glycolide ratio of the DL
      PLGA and the size of the microcapsules on the rate of NET release and the rate of
      excipient biodegradation were determined in vivo. NET release rates were
      determined in baboons after injecting the microcapsule formulations
      intramuscularly. Serum samples obtained at various times following treatment were
      analyzed for NET, progesterone, and estrogen by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      Biodegradation kinetics were determined by injecting NET microcapsules made from
      radiolabeled DL-PLGA intramuscularly into the hind legs of rats. Residual
      radioactivity at the injection site was determined at various times after
      treatment by combustion analysis of the muscle tissue. Changing the ratio of the
      comonomers to include more glycolide (DL-lactide:glycolide-96:4, 92:8, 87:13,
      74:26) increased the rate of NET release and accelerated the biodegradation of
      the copolymer excipient. Decreasing the size of the microcapsules increased the
      rate of NET release. On the basis of these studies a NET microcapsule formulation
      has been identified for clinical testing which releases NET for 3 months and
      biodegrades completely within 6 months.

PMID- 6830942
TI  - [Hemodynamics and flow technic in cardiovascular research].

PMID- 6830941
TI  - Development of preimplantation embryos of the golden hamster in a defined culture
      medium.
AB  - Eight-cell embryos were recovered from mated golden hamsters that had been
      superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG). Embryos were cultured for 24 or 32 h in a defined medium
      (modified Tyrode's solution) designed for fertilization of hamster oocytes in
      vitro. This medium was supplemented in some experiments with amino acids
      (glutamine, phenylalanine, methionine and isoleucine) and with vitamins (Eagle's
      Minimum Essential Medium vitamin supplement). At the end of the culture period,
      the numbers of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage were recorded. In other
      experiments, the effects of varying the osmotic pressure (225, 250, 275 and 300
      m0smol/kg) and the pH (6.8 and 7.4) of the culture medium on blastocyst formation
      were examined. A difference was found between the ability of early 8-cell embryos
      (approx. 54 h post-egg activation) and late 8-cell embryos (approx. 62 h post-egg
      activation) to develop in culture. In the unsupplemented culture medium, only 2%
      of early 8-cell embryos developed to the blastocyst stage compared with 22% of
      late 8-cell embryos. A marked effect of the four amino acids on development was
      found. In the presence of amino acids 36% of early 8-cell embryos developed into
      blastocysts (18-fold increase). The amino acids also increased the percentage of
      late 8-cell embryos that developed into blastocysts from 22% to 66%. These data
      suggest that an important metabolic change may occur in hamster embryos during a
      critical period at the 8-cell stage of development. No additional effect on
      development was observed when vitamins were included in the culture medium. No
      significant effect of either osmotic pressure of pH of the culture medium on
      development was found. When blastocysts formed from cultured 8-cell embryos were
      transferred surgically to pseudopregnant hamsters, about 25% developed into
      normal-looking fetuses and 5 normal-looking young were born, 4 of which have
      survived. These results represent an approach towards achieving complete
      preimplantation development of hamster embryos in vitro.

PMID- 6830943
TI  - A dielectric model of the human blood.

PMID- 6830944
TI  - Pathological membranes.

PMID- 6830945
TI  - Investigation of pathological membranes with nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 6830946
TI  - [Chemical nature of a conditioned aversion to food].

PMID- 6830947
TI  - [Effect of monochromatic red helium-neon laser on the morphology of zymosan
      arthritis in rats].
AB  - Histological and electron microscopy findings suggesting the effect of
      monochromatic coherent polarized red light on zymosan arthritis in rats are
      presented. The data obtained have confirmed that treatment of inflamed joints
      with laser rays exerts an evident therapeutic effect which is determined by
      activated function of macrophages and fibroblasts of the synovial membrane,
      resulting in a more rapid change of inflammation phases. Analysis of the cases
      where the rats were treated with ordinary red light has revealed no essential
      differences in the joints of the control and irradiated groups.

PMID- 6830948
TI  - [Repair processes in the pancreas after cold injury].
AB  - Electron microscopy of the pancreas has shown after focal ethyl chloride cooling
      that reparative processes spreading from the borders to the epicenter of the
      affected parts involved (1) intracellular regeneration of partially damaged
      acinar cells, (2) proliferation of the epithelium of unaffected ducts, (3)
      proliferation of fibroblasts and capillary endothelium to form a fibrous capsule
      around the focus of necrosis. After sequestration of the focus of necrosis the
      partially damaged acinar cells of the border area underwent amitosis without
      cytotomy followed by the recovery of lost organelles. No acinar cells were
      observed to occur. Canalicular proliferates became differentiated mainly in islet
      cells. However, the main mass of the canalicular acinar derivatives of the border
      area experienced atrophy and cicatrization to form a fibrous capsule around the
      focus of necrosis. The compensation of the lost part of the excretory parenchyma
      was preceded by hypertrophy of acinar cells of undamaged segments of the
      pancreas.

PMID- 6830949
TI  - [Autoradiographic evaluation of the effect of dressing materials on the healing
      of experimental wounds].

PMID- 6830950
TI  - [Methodological factors of the variability in the silver staining of the
      nucleolus organizer region in human chromosomes].

PMID- 6830951
TI  - [Disorder of ophthalmotonus regulation after formation of a generator of
      pathologically enhanced hippocampus stimulation].
AB  - Microinjection of tetanus toxin into the limbic system structures (hippocamp,
      subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum) or chronic electric stimulation of these
      structures resulted in the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced
      excitation (GPEE), followed by disturbances in the intraocular pressure
      regulation (IOPR). The most pronounced alterations in the IOPR were recorded in
      forming the GPEE in the dorsal hippocamp. In the first stage the hippocampal
      theta-rhythm was suppressed, and then the spike and spike-wave potentials
      appeared. Normalization of the electric activity in the GPEE zone was followed by
      normalization of the intraocular pressure. The electric stimulation of the same
      zone of the dorsal hippocamp after normalization of the IOPR led to the
      reappearance of the disturbances in the ophthalmotonus regulation.

PMID- 6830953
TI  - [Role of oxygen extraction from coronary blood in the regulation of oxygen
      transport to the myocardium].
AB  - Experiments on anesthetized dogs were made to examine oxygen extraction from
      coronary blood during increase and decrease in cardiac rhythm frequency under
      varying conditions of vasomotor regulation. With an initially high tone of the
      coronary vessels both increase and reduction of myocardial oxygen supply occurred
      at the expense of vasomotor reactions. Under these conditions the coronary blood
      flow velocity and systolic rhythm correlated well. At the same time the oxygen
      level in coronary blood did not experience noticeable changes. As the initial
      tone of the coronary vessels dropped, vasomotor reactions were attenuated and
      oxygen extraction from coronary blood underwent alterations which had occurred
      prior to depletion of the coronary expanding reserves. The data obtained suggest
      that reduction of the initial tone of the coronary vessels proceeds non
      uniformly, leading to a decrease in vascular sensitivity to the tissue oxygen
      level.

PMID- 6830952
TI  - [Changes in various hemostasis indices during transient coronary insufficiency
      with different durations of myocardial ischemia].
AB  - Experiments on 93 white random-bred male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g have shown
      that during myocardial ischemia under transitory coronary insufficiency, there is
      an increase in platelet adhesive capacity, acceleration of fibrinogenesis, staged
      time course of formation of the fibrin-platelet structure of the blood clot,
      depression of its velocity and lysis degree, as well as of fibrin polymerization.
      Postischemic reperfusion of the coronary blood flow is not followed by
      normalization of all the hemostatic indicators under study even after a short
      term (10 min) myocardial ischemia. Reperfusion after a long-term (40 min)
      ischemia gives rise to depression of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, while
      that after a still longer ischemia (120 min) is characterized by discordant
      changes in the parameters of the systems indicated. It is assumed that similar
      shifts in hemostasis can be observed in patients with different patterns of
      coronary insufficiency.

PMID- 6830957
TI  - [Changes in the size and properties of lipoprotein particles in the extracellular
      medium during incubation of low density lipoproteins with human fibroblasts].
AB  - Electron microscopy, disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, and microzonal
      electrophoresis on acetate cellulose were used to examine the changes in the
      properties of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in extracellular medium during
      incubation with human fibroblasts. It was established that as a result of LDL
      interaction with fibroblasts there appeared lipoprotein particles less in size,
      with higher aggregation ability and electrophoretic mobility. The data obtained
      indicate that LDL undergo physicochemical changes due to non-specific interaction
      with fibroblasts.

PMID- 6830954
TI  - [Mathematical model of transcapillary metabolism in patients with mitral valve
      insufficiency].
AB  - Application of a mathematical model of microhemocirculation enabled one to assess
      quantitatively the magnitude of transcapillary albumin metabolism and total
      hydraulic resistance of metabolic vessels, as well as the effect of geometric,
      biophysical and hemodynamic parameters on transport characteristics of the
      capillaries. Dramatic changes in transcapillary metabolism and in blood rheologic
      properties are classified with factors that determine the occurrence of
      postoperative complications in patients with mitral valve failure.

PMID- 6830956
TI  - [Thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in rat plasma after administration of
      testosterone and its 5 alpha-derivatives].

PMID- 6830955
TI  - [Role of lipid peroxidation in the regulation of liver microsomal monooxygenase
      activity in homoiothermic animals exposed to cold].
AB  - The reaction rates of N-demethylation of aminopyrine, p-hydroxylation of aniline
      and hydroxylation of 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene in liver microsomes were determined in
      rats exposed to severe cold (-7 degrees C) for a long time (8 days). The data
      obtained demonstrate the decreased activities of 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase
      and aniline hydroxylase. There were no distinct alterations in aminopyrine N
      demethylase activity. The increased levels of NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent
      microsomal lipid peroxidation together with impairment of the soluble antioxidant
      glutathione system are considered in animals exposed to cold as a possible
      mechanism of monooxygenase activity deterioration in liver microsomes.

PMID- 6830958
TI  - [Evaluation of the tranquilizing effect of phenazepam and mebicar in humans using
      a method of mean cortical evoked potential after perception of emotionally
      significant words].

PMID- 6830959
TI  - [Elastic properties of the arteries and hemodynamics of the human extremities
      during postural exposures].
AB  - A non-invasive method was applied to estimation of elastic properties, the
      effective inner radius, blood pressure, and a number of other parameters in limb
      arteries of healthy men under postural effects. The changes in elastic properties
      of arteries were shown to occur only in the lower limbs where gradient of
      hydrostatic pressure changed during the examination. In the arms, where this
      gradient is practically absent, elastic properties of arteries remained the same.
      The data obtained indicate that gradient of hydrostatic pressure is responsible
      for the changes observed.

PMID- 6830961
TI  - [Neurosensitization in resuscitated animals and its correction with piracetam].
AB  - Study of the immune reactions of the humoral and cellular types in rats, which
      had suffered terminal condition, has demonstrated the development of
      sensitization. The degree of the immunological shifts was determined by clinical
      death duration and by the period of postresuscitation. Injection of piracetam
      (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 10 days after resuscitation
      noticeably reduced the manifestations of neurosensitization.

PMID- 6830962
TI  - [Use of a new interferon inducer and leukocyte interferon for a significant
      enhancement of the immunocytotherapy of leukemia in mice].

PMID- 6830963
TI  - [The role of lysozyme and peroxidase in the regulation of the mitogenic activity
      of lymphocytes].
AB  - The effect of the commercial preparations, egg white lysozyme and horse-radish
      peroxidase, as well as that of purified enzymes isolated from human saliva on
      lymphocyte biosynthesis of nucleic acids and protein was studied. Mitogenic
      activity of lymphocytes was found to be stimulated by crude preparations of egg
      white lysozyme and peroxidases of plant and animal origin. Lysozymes of the
      saliva and egg white purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration
      had no such properties. As a result of egg white gel filtration, a new mitogen of
      the non-protein nature with a molecular weight several times higher than that of
      lysozyme was obtained.

PMID- 6830960
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of the possible optimization of integrative brain
      activity by the psychotropic drugs].
AB  - The authors studied the influence of psychotropic drugs on nervous process
      integration corresponding to an external stereotype of the conditioned reflexes.
      The latter ones were worked out in dogs by the method of motor situational
      conditioned reflexes. The drugs that block M-choline- and adrenoreceptors
      (amizyl, amedin, pyrroxan) decreased the integration level. At the same time they
      optimized conditioned reflex activity and raised the integration coefficient of
      drugs having different action mechanisms: N-cholinolytic (pediphen),
      adrenostimulant (sydnocarb), and anticholinesterase (armine). Nootropyl
      (piracetam) produced the most powerful action. A suggestion is made about
      chemical heterogeneity of integrative mechanisms of higher nervous activity and
      about possibilities of optimizing disturbed integration induced by the influences
      on various neurotransmitter brain systems.

PMID- 6830964
TI  - [Induction of micronuclei in mouse erythrocytes by Cr 6+].

PMID- 6830965
TI  - [The state of adrenergic and cholinergic fibers in the heart of rabbits subjected
      to sensitization and anaphylactic shock].
AB  - It was determined by neurohistochemical methods that after sensitization and
      anaphylactic shock the adrenergic and cholinergic nervous structures of the heart
      change. The lowered fluorescence intensity, alterations in density of the
      adrenergic nervous structures of the heart are observed following the fourth
      sensitizing injection of normal horse serum. These changes are more obvious on
      day 7 after anaphylactic shock. The changes in the structure of cholinergic nerve
      fibers were noted only on day 7 after anaphylactic shock. They manifested in
      lowered activity of histochemical reaction of nerve elements to acetylcholine in
      all the regions of the heart.

PMID- 6830968
TI  - [Reversible injuries of the natural killer cell membrane after contact with tumor
      cells].
AB  - Injuries to the normal killer membrane were studied during contact with tumor
      cells on isolated tumor cell-lymphocyte conjugates. The properties of the
      lymphocyte membrane were shown to undergo changes in the area of contact with the
      tumor cell membrane, manifesting in the increased membrane permeability for
      ribonuclease molecules. This effect was more pronounced if lymphocytes were used,
      in which the synthesis of RNA was suppressed.

PMID- 6830966
TI  - [Bronchospasm induction by mediators of antigen-specific stimulated lymphoid
      cells].
AB  - The action of lymphokines, soluble mediators of cell-mediated immunity was
      studied on isolated lungs of guinea-pigs. Antigen-specific antigens were shown to
      have bronchospastic activity as regards sensitized and nonsensitized lungs. The
      bronchospastic effect is not mediated by histamine or by other chemical
      bronchoconstrictors, and is not linked with activity of leukocyte migration
      inhibition factor.

PMID- 6830967
TI  - [Effect of alternating hydrostatic pressure on the platelet-vascular wall
      system].
AB  - The effect of alternating hydrostatic pressure on the function of the platelets-
      vascular wall system has been studied. It has been shown that exposure to
      pressure leads to the increased capacity of platelets to aggregation, adhesion
      and release. This is accompanied by the lowering of antiaggregation activity of
      the vascular wall and increase in the latter of thromboplastin factors. It has
      been ascertained that acetylsalicylic acid is capable to reduce the pressure
      treatment-induced effects. The importance of the discovered changes in the
      mechanisms of hemostasiological disorders is discussed.

PMID- 6830970
TI  - [Binuclear cells in postembryonal development and during liver regeneration in
      chickens].

PMID- 6830969
TI  - [Receptors mediating serotonin-stimulating liver regeneration in mice].

PMID- 6830971
TI  - [Development of the chemo- and mechanoreceptors of the tongue in mature-born
      animals (scanning electron microscopy)].
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study developmental changes in the chemo
      and mechanosensory apparatus of the tongue in guinea-pigs, goats and sheep
      during the 1st to the 10th postnatal week. The maturation of the chemosensitive
      postnatal formation of the mechanosensitive papillae was shown.

PMID- 6830972
TI  - [Effect of tetanus toxin on the myocardium].

PMID- 6830973
TI  - [Use of silatranes in combination with Vishnevskii'n ointment in wound
      treatment].
AB  - Experiments on rats were performed to study the effect of I
      /chlormethyl/silatrane and I-/ethoxy/silatrane as well as that of triethanolamine
      and /chlormethyl/triethoxysilane on the biochemical characteristics of granular
      fibrous tissue. The drugs were applied to the wound in the form of liniments.
      Silatranes stimulated cell proliferation and raised biosynthetic activity of the
      cells. They also favoured collagen and non-collagenous protein accumulation and
      reduced the inflammatory manifestations. The silicon-containing fragment of the
      silatrane molecule, /chlormethyl/triethoxysilane, produced an analogous but less
      pronounced action. Triethanolamine containing no silicon appeared to be far less
      active. These data indicate that the presence of silicon in the silatrane
      grouping is of great importance for its effective biological function.

PMID- 6830975
TI  - [Vertical organization and mosaicism of neurogenesis in the mouse neocortex].

PMID- 6830974
TI  - [Pathogenesis of disorders of hard tooth tissues in thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used in rat experiments to
      demonstrate that thyrotoxicosis induced by administering sodium L-thyroxine gives
      rise to a progressive disturbance of the ultrastructure of incisor enamel, first
      on the erupted and then on the non-erupted par. These alterations are accompanied
      by an increase in the content of some of trace elements (detected by
      radiofluorescence) in dental solid tissues. It is inferred that in the
      pathogenesis of dental disorders during thyrotoxicosis, the leading part is
      played by changes in oral fluid properties.

PMID- 6830976
TI  - [Role of reticular neurons of the medulla oblongata in the organization of the
      respiratory act].
AB  - There are 3 groups of reticular neurons in the respiratory center. Of these, one
      group is primarily localized in the medial zone, providing for the principal
      relation of the center with afferent impulses from the respiratory apparatus and
      chemoreceptors. The other one is in the inspiratory and expiratory sites,
      participating in the integration of signalization and in the activities of the
      effector mechanisms of the center. The third group is available in both the zones
      of the center and performs effector functions. The electric activity of the
      latter group can be transformed into the electric activity of respiratory
      neurons.

PMID- 6830977
TI  - [Electrophysiological analysis of adrenergic mechanisms of the hypothalamic
      regulation of male gonads].
AB  - Rausedyl-induced depletion of catecholamine depot leads in pubertal male rats to
      a sharp decrease in the count of arcuate hypothalamus active neurons and to a
      reduction of their impulse activity. Activation of impulse activity that occurs
      under these conditions after testosterone propionate administration is opposite
      to testosterone response on the part of arcuate neurons of intact animals, thus
      indicating the predominant role of adrenergic mechanisms in negative feed-back
      realization in the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal system.

PMID- 6830978
TI  - [Effects of adrenaline on the functional state of liver lysosomes and serum
      hydrolase activity in severe mechanical trauma].
AB  - The effect of hyperreactivity of the sympathoadrenal system on rat liver
      lysosomal function during severe mechanical injury induced by compression of soft
      tissues was studied. Parenteral administration of adrenaline before the animals
      were exposed to the injury produced no qualitative differences in the response to
      the lysosomal injury of the organ under study. The response manifested in
      quantitative alterations--activation of the test lysosomal hydrolases and
      impairment of membrane stability followed by release of the enzymes to the
      hepatocyte cytoplasm and then to the systemic circulation.

PMID- 6830979
TI  - [Effect of electric stimulation of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum on
      epileptogenic foci in the cerebral cortex].
AB  - It has been shown in acute experiments on cats that electrical stimulation (ES,
      100-300 Hz) of the dentate nucleus leads to suppression of interictal discharges
      elicited by application of low concentrated penicillin solution to the neocortex.
      ES of the nucleus causes activation of discharges in a more powerful focus of
      seizures. As its activity gradually attenuates the seizure discharges are
      suppressed during ES. The period of focus existence is shortened by ES of the
      nucleus. ES of the ipsilateral nucleus produces no marked effect, leading only to
      the decreased frequency of seizure discharges. It is concluded that the dentate
      nucleus plays a significant role as part of the brain antiepileptic system.

PMID- 6830981
TI  - [Effect of rutin on the cholesterol content of the lymph, blood and tissues of
      the dog].
AB  - It has been discovered in experiments on mongrel dogs anesthetized with morphine
      and hexenal that intravenous injection of rutin (3 mg/kg bw) reduced the
      concentration of total, esterified and free cholesterol in blood serum, with the
      exception of free cholesterol level in arterial blood, which increased. Under the
      same conditions, the concentration of free and esterified cholesterol in thoracic
      duct lymph ascended. In the popliteal lymph node, gastrocnemius muscle and liver,
      the content of total cholesterol appreciably dropped as compared to control.
      Rutin has been found to accelerate the lymph flow and to raise cholesterol
      resorption from the interstitial space. It is inferred that lymph plays an
      important part in cholesterol transport in the body.

PMID- 6830980
TI  - [Changes in blood tyrosine levels during stress in adrenalectomized and intact
      rats].
AB  - On the 10th day after operation adrenalectomized male rats and non-operated
      animals of the control group were exposed to immobilization stress lasting 30 min
      and 4 h. The blood content of tyrosine and 11-HCS was measured before and during
      I day after stress. It has been demonstrated that blood tyrosine changes may be
      used as an index of adrenocortical reserves.

PMID- 6830982
TI  - [Study of lipid peroxidation in experimental retinal degeneration].
AB  - The changes in lipid peroxidation of the retina have been investigated during
      experimental degeneration induced by monoiodoacetic acid and oxygenous
      intoxication. The results obtained have shown that the development of
      experimental degeneration of the retina is accompanied by intensification of
      lipid peroxidation. Injection of vitamin E both before and after monoiodoacetic
      acid and oxygenous intoxication leads to suppression of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6830983
TI  - [Chromatin reorganization in a medium of physiological ionic strength in the
      presence of additional total histone].
AB  - The authors studied the capability of chromatin for structural reorganization in
      a medium of ionic strength, close to physiological one, under the effect of
      polyions of polycationic nature--summary histone of chromatin. Electrophoretic
      analysis demonstrated that like polyanions, summary histone forces out histone HI
      and partially histones H2B and H2A from chromatin. However, in contrast to
      polyanions, summary histone makes chromatin resistant to DNase-II, apparently
      potentiating the aggregation capability of chromatin despite the removal of
      histone HI.

PMID- 6830984
TI  - [Effect of selenium-containing compounds on the electrical activity of the
      isolated guinea pig retina during induced lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 6830987
TI  - [Mechanism of lysis by natural killers of target cells infected with Mycoplasma].
AB  - NK lymphocytes destroyed target cells contaminated with Mycoplasma to a greater
      extent as compared with normal cells. The mechanism of that phenomenon is based
      on the production into the environment by effector lymphocytes cocultivated with
      contaminated cells of high quantity of mycoplasma that has a non-specific
      cytolytic effect.

PMID- 6830986
TI  - [Blood filling and elasticity of pulmonary vessels after section and stimulation
      of the vagus nerve].
AB  - Blood content and elasticity of lung vessels in the central and peripheral
      portions of the posterior lung lobes were measured in experiments on dogs with
      intact chest using regional electroplethysmography of the lungs and
      catheterization of pulmonary artery branches. Electric stimulation of
      vagosympathetic nerves in the central portion of the pulmonary lobe might give
      rise to a considerable increase in lung lobe blood content due to a neurogenic
      vasodilatory effect without pressure elevation in lung vessels. However, further
      increase in blood content was confined to reduced elasticity of these vessels and
      was hardly possible without a noticeable pressure rise in pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 6830985
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on central mechanisms of appetite induced by electric
      stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus].
AB  - The effect of ethanol on food motivation evoked by electric stimulation of the
      "food center" in the hypothalamus was studied in experiments on rabbits.
      Intravenous injections of ethanol (0.5 g/kg) were accompanied by a short-term (up
      to 30 min) increase in the threshold of the hypothalamic "food center". Analysis
      of food motivation latency demonstrated that ethanol eliminated both inhibitory
      effects of the dorsal hippocamp and facilitating effects of the mesencephalic
      reticular formation on the excitability of the lateral hypothalamus. It is
      inferred that ethanol induces profound changes in monoaminergic and cholinergic
      mechanisms of the brain that provide for food motivation.

PMID- 6830988
TI  - [Thomsen antigen in human normal and tumor tissues].
AB  - A method of specific adsorption of appropriate antibodies from human serum was
      used to examine tumors of 15 patients with cancer and of 6 subjects with benign
      neoplasms. Tissues of cancerous tumors were found to contain Thomsen's antigen.
      Normal tissues of the same organ taken from the same patient did not contain the
      antigen nor was it contained by benign tumors. The titer of specific antibodies
      to Thomsen's antigen in the sera of patients suffering from cancer was
      considerably reduced as compared to that detected in normal subjects or in
      patients with benign tumors.

PMID- 6830989
TI  - [Hemodynamic response to cotton allergen exposure in the industrial environment].
AB  - The methods of functional diagnosis (mechanocardiography, rheoencephalography)
      were used to examine the responses of the central and craniocerebral hemodynamics
      to inhalations of specific cotton allergens in female workers of a textile
      factory with different grades of sensitization. It was discovered that both the
      initial level and response pattern on the part of the cardiovascular system and
      craniocerebral circulation depend to a certain measure on the level of background
      reactivity. The data obtained enable prognosing the status of the cardiovascular
      system and taking measures aimed at its correction in subjects sensitized to
      cotton dust, who continue working in cotton industry.

PMID- 6830990
TI  - [Effect of antioxidants on the yield of gene mutations induced by benzo(a)pyrene
      in mammalian cells in vitro].

PMID- 6830991
TI  - [Role of recessive lethal genes in spontaneous embryonal lethality in random-bred
      rat and mouse populations in Cuba].
AB  - Spontaneous embryonic lethality and the recessive lethal gene frequency in the
      gene pool of noninbred mice and rats of the bioteria of the National Research
      Center of the Cuba Republic Academy of Sciences were investigated. It was
      established that the level of spontaneous embryonic lethality among mice
      increased greatly as compared to that in 1977 and was 40% (versus 20% in 1977).
      Of this number, 30% falls within the postimplantation period. In noninbred rats,
      these values constituted 21.4 and 8.1%, respectively. High embryonic lethality
      among noninbred mice may be determined by genetic causes and the influence of
      ecological factors. The frequency of recessive lethals among noninbred mice was
      28%, that among rats 20.8%. It is characteristic that in both categories,
      recessive lethals became apparent only in the postimplantation period of
      embryogenesis.

PMID- 6830992
TI  - [Simultaneous activity of nucleolus organizer regions of human and Chinese
      hamster chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids].
AB  - In an interspecific human-Chinese hamster hybrid that retains 13 and 85.6% of the
      chromosomes of each parental complement, activity of nucleolus-organizing regions
      (NOR) of both type chromosomes is observed in 18.9% of the cells. Interspecific
      chromosomal associations are also noted. Unlike the parental lines of Chinese
      hamster cells, the hybrids show the associations of the NOR of Chinese hamster
      chromosomes. In hybrid cells, there occurs partial suppression of NOR activity in
      human and Chinese hamster chromosomes, while the NOR of the 3d chromosome of the
      Chinese hamster is completely suppressed.

PMID- 6830993
TI  - [Activity of nucleolar organizer regions of Chinese hamster chromosomes in clones
      of different ploidies].
AB  - Activity of nucleolar organizer regions was analyzed in hypodiploid and
      hypotetraploid clones of Chinese hamster cells. The quantity of the nucleolar
      organizers was directly proportional to ploidy. It is evidence of autonomous
      activity of the nucleolar organizers in Chinese hamster chromosomes.

PMID- 6830994
TI  - [Mitotic index in corneal epithelium during injury of tissues with different
      proliferative activities].
AB  - It has been shown in rat experiments that injuries to the skin, muscles and
      submaxillary gland produce a distant stimulation of proliferation in the corneal
      epithelium. This phenomen is reliably reproducible in repeated experiments and
      seems likely to be associated with production of nonspecific mitogenic
      substances.

PMID- 6830995
TI  - [Effect of exogenous calmodulin on lymphocyte proliferation in healthy
      individuals].
AB  - The action of calmodulin (CM) given in doses of 10(-5)-10(-8) M on lymphocyte
      proliferation in healthy subjects was studied. All the test doses of CM produced
      a stimulant effect 72 h after the lymphocyte incubation was commenced. The rate
      of 3H-thymidine incorporation experimentally was 1.5-3 times higher than in the
      control. It is assumed that the release of CM in the foci of tissue injury or
      inflammation may serve one of the factors stimulating lymphocyte proliferation in
      an individual focus.

PMID- 6830996
TI  - [Stromal precursor cell count in the bone marrow of young and old CBA mice].
AB  - The content of stromal precursor cells in the bone marrow of young (1-4-month
      old) and old (24-30-month-old) CBA mice was measured by cloning in primary
      monolayer cultures. It was found that both the concentration (fibroblast colony
      forming efficiency) and the total number of stromal precursors in femoral bone
      marrow markedly increased with aging.

PMID- 6830997
TI  - [Effect of the helium-neon laser on cell ultrastructure and proliferation of the
      epithelium of the duodenal mucosa].
AB  - Irradiation of the rat duodenal wall with helium-neon laser at a wave length of
      0.63 microns for 1,3 and 5 min and irradiation energy density of 6.78, 20.34 and
      33.9 J/cm2, respectively, produced ultrastructural changes in enterocytes and
      connective tissues. These changes consisted in intracellular edema and occurrence
      of cellular branches in basal portions and vesicles in apical portions of
      enterocytes. The changes increased as the irradiation energy was raised. Laser
      irradiation caused a significant rise of proliferative activity.

PMID- 6830998
TI  - [Preservation of an isolated kidney in normothermic conditions by
      perfluorotributylamine emulsion perfusion].
AB  - Perfluorotributylamine emulsion (PFE) was used to preserve an isolated dog kidney
      under normothermal conditions with the aid of perfusion. The latter was carried
      out for 4 hours with the use of a pulse pump. The protein-saline solution (PSS) -
      5% donor's albumin in Hanks solution, was used for reference purposes. During PFE
      perfusion, oxygen consumption by the kidney was noticed to be increased at the
      expense of a rise in the arterio-venous difference. Glucose concentration in the
      perfusate was unchanged during PFE perfusion, while that in PSS declined. Lactate
      dehydrogenase activity in PFE was noticeably lower than in PSS. During PFE
      perfusion, the concentration capacity of the kidney was 3.5 times higher as
      regards creatinine and 7.5 higher as regards potassium. It has been demonstrated
      that the 4-hour normothermal renal perfusion with 20 v% PFE enables preservation
      of the renal function.

PMID- 6830999
TI  - [Role of the neurosecretion of the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic
      nuclei in the pathogenesis of experimental urolithiasis].
AB  - Experiments made on male rats fed oxamide during 10 days provided new data on the
      changes in the morphofunctional status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      neurosecretory system (HHNS) in the course of the development of urolithiasis.
      The changes develop in three stages. The first stage is marked by an increase of
      the HHNS functional activity, the second one by its decrease, and the third one
      by its recovery. It is concluded that the changes in the secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone produced by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the
      hypothalamus are involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, which should be
      taken into account in multiple modality treatment of the disease.

PMID- 6831000
TI  - [Labelling of the nuclei of differentiated Purkinje neurons after 3H-thymidine
      administration to rats].
AB  - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into Purkinje's cells of the cerebellum of rats
      aged 6, 10, 12, 15 and 30 days has been demonstrated. As regards the distribution
      of silver granules, the nuclei can be divided into two groups--with a local label
      in the nucleolic zone or in the extranucleolic chromatin and with a uniform
      labeling. The nuclei with an intense uniform label are encountered rarely, i.e. 1
      2 nuclei per 10000 cells. The frequency of the nuclei with local labeling of the
      nucleolus is higher than that with an extranucleolic local label. In 12--30-day
      old rats, the number of labeled nuclei exceeded that in 6--10-day-old animals.

PMID- 6831001
TI  - [Morphological data on the increased functional activity of mast cells in
      spontaneous hypertension in the rat].
AB  - Fluorescent microscopy and morphometric study of mast cells of the dura mater in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats have shown the increased number of mast cells and
      the proportion of mature secreting forms as compared to the similar indicators in
      normotensive animals. This fact is regarded as reflecting hyperfunction of all
      the mast cell population during this type of arterial hypertension. The
      relationships between mast cells and arterial pressure control are discussed.

PMID- 6831002
TI  - [Changes in the air-blood barrier of the lungs during the breathing of helium
      oxygen gas mixtures].
AB  - The changes in the pulmonary air-blood barrier (ABB), occurring under the
      influence of helium-oxygen gaseous mixtures containing 11, 21 and 40% O2 in
      helium were studied in rats of two age groups (adult animals and 2-week-old
      cubs). The mean arithmetic and harmonic thickness of the ABB increased and its
      ultrastructure changed. It is suggested that helium exerts an indirect effect on
      the pulmonary ABB and that this effect does not depend on the O2 concentration in
      a gaseous mixture or on the animals' age. The electron microscopy data have
      demonstrated the endothelium of lung capillaries to be the most sensitive
      structural component as regards the action of helium-oxygen gaseous mixtures.

PMID- 6831003
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the myelin-like particles in the liver of mice administered
      liposomes with various levels of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine].
AB  - Ultrastructure of myelin-like particles and distribution of the cholesterol
      digitonin reaction product in the microcirculatory vessels of mouse liver before
      and 1, 2, 3, 10 and 60 min after injecting liposomes containing phosphatidyl and
      cholesterol at a ratio of 7:2 or 2:1, the lipid concentration amounting to 0.01
      mg per 1 microliter preparation. After administering the preparation via the
      portal or tail vein one could see a more or less marked accumulation of the
      cholesterol-containing granules in liver sinusoids and in Disse's space, as well
      as a synchronous increase in the amount of lipid drops and myelin-like structures
      in hepatocytes. The myelin-like particles were divided into two groups differing
      in the density of membrane outlay and incidence. It has been shown that
      hepatocytes rather than Kupffer's cells are involved into the control of the
      blood level of liposomal lipids.

PMID- 6831004
TI  - [Vesicular peroxidase transport by the epithelial cells of the small intestine in
      the adult rat].
AB  - Electron cytochemistry has shown that after administering horse radish peroxidase
      to the gastrointestinal tract of adult rats it penetrates the epithelial barrier
      of the small intestine and is transported functionally intact into the
      circulation. Peroxidase was largely absorbed on the apex of the villi, entered
      the enterocytes by pinocytosis and was transported via the cytoplasm within the
      pinocytotic vesicles. Peroxidase was not detected in cytosole or endoplasmic
      reticulum of the enterocytes. It is assumed that the disclosed functional
      heterogeneity of absorption depends on adsorption selectivity of the microvilli
      of the enterocyte apical membrane. It is concluded that the pinocytotic mechanism
      also functions in adult mammals, by which foreign protein is transported to the
      circulation, causing allergic reactions.

PMID- 6831005
TI  - [Changes in the epithelial coat of the nasal mucosa in adaptation to high
      altitude].
AB  - The surface of the epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa of rabbits was examined
      by scanning electron microscopy during adaptation to high-altitude conditions.
      Hyperfunction of the mucosa that was manifested morphologically in the increased
      number of goblet cells, intensification of their secretion and in the appearance
      of piriform protrusions at the apical surface of ciliated cells were observed at
      an early period of adaptation. The changes enumerated tended to normalization
      after the animals stayed in high mountains for a month. These data allow the
      conclusion about the compensatory and adaptive character of the changes recorded
      and regarding one month as a minimal period required for a body to adapt to the
      extreme high-altitude conditions.

PMID- 6831006
TI  - [Microcirculation and permeability of the pulmonary capillaries in the dynamics
      of experimental neuritis of the vagus nerve].
AB  - Intravital biomicroscopy was used to study permeability and microcirculation of
      pulmonary vessels during experimental neuritis of the vagus nerve. The study
      lasted 14 days. Vascular permeability was evaluated from the changes in adhesion
      capacity of capillary endothelium with respect to India ink. The
      microhemodynamics was explored by visual observation and appraisal of the photo
      and film documents. The most pronounced changes were noticed on the 3d day. In
      the following days the changes were phasic in nature, repeating on days 6, 9 and
      12. All the changes were synchronous.

PMID- 6831007
TI  - [Sensitive method of detecting 5-bromodeoxyuridine differentially incorporated
      into the chromosomes of mammals].
AB  - A modified method for fluorochrome staining with acridine orange of chromosome
      preparations for revealing the BUdR label is described. It has been shown that
      the alkaline medium used increases the contrast between chromosome areas with
      varying BUdR content and photoresistance of the staining.

PMID- 6831008
TI  - [Ultramicromethod of fractionating acid proteins on polyacrylamide gels].
AB  - A simple method is suggested for fractionation of acid proteins. The method
      sensitivity is 10(-11) g per single band. Since the available modifications of
      capillary microelectrophoresis are very complicated to apply to an analysis of
      protein picograms, such a method was badly needed. Fractionation of the samples
      is made on polyacrylamide gel tubes up to 40 microns in diameter. An original
      buffer system is employed. The possibility of fractionating acid proteins from
      vertebrate animal brain has been demonstrated.

PMID- 6831009
TI  - [Prevention of postresuscitation heart failure by using ionol].
AB  - Clinical death of animals caused by acute hemorrhage and subsequent resuscitation
      induce lipid peroxidation in the myocardium accompanied by depression of
      contractile function and massive efflux of enzymes into the coronary perfusate.
      Preliminary administration of the antioxidant ionol (100 mg/kg) for 3 days prior
      to clinical death resulted in a twofold decrease of the lethality during the post
      resuscitation period, substantially diminishing activation of lipid peroxidation
      and efflux of enzymes to the coronary perfusate. Disturbances of myocardial
      contractility were thus prevented to a considerable degree.

PMID- 6831010
TI  - [Phenomenon of active reorganization of the architectonics (structure) of motor
      units].
AB  - The density of muscle fibers in a motor unit (MU) was studied
      electromyographically with the aid of a microelectrode. Muscle biopsy specimens
      withdrawn from patients with different neuromuscular diseases were subjected to
      morphological and histochemical studies. During denervation-reinnervation
      processes, the motoneuron actively reconstitutes the structure of an innervated
      MU. Apart from branching in the central part, the motoneuron excludes from the
      innervation zone the muscle fibers located in the most remote areas in respect of
      the MU center.

PMID- 6831011
TI  - [Formation of generalized convulsive activity in mice administered corazol daily
      in subthreshold doses].
AB  - Chronic experiments on (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrids. BALC/C and random-bred mice
      were made to study the effect of repeated daily injections of pentylenetetrazole
      in subthreshold doses of 60, 40 and 30 mg/kg. Repeated stimulation with the drug
      led to a progressive development of generalized seizure fits. The effect depended
      on the pentylenetetrazole dose and duration of its administration. The 10-30-day
      interval between the injections did not significantly lower the seizure effect.
      It is concluded that repeated injections of pentylenetetrazole in subthreshold
      doses lead to the development of the "kindling" effect.

PMID- 6831012
TI  - [Effect of acetylcholine on the lysosome function of liver and kidneys in severe
      mechanical trauma].
AB  - The functions of rat hepatic and renal lysosomes were explored during severe
      mechanical trauma caused by soft tissue compression in the presence of
      acetylcholinesterase induction by multiple acetylcholine administration. The
      increase of the trauma severity entailed the accumulation of non-hydrolyzed
      acetylcholine, thereby producing an injurious action on lysosomal membranes.
      Varying intensity of the changes in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases under
      study is likely to be related to the structural features of hepatic and renal
      lysosomes.

PMID- 6831014
TI  - [Protective action of antioxidants and microsomal monooxygenase inducers in
      ischemic and reoxygenation damage to the liver].
AB  - One-hour ischemia followed by rat liver reoxygenation brings about the
      accumulation of endogenous products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and deterioration
      of the monooxygenase system (the drop of cytochrome P-450 content, amidopyrine N
      demethylase and NADP X H cytochrome reductase activity). Application of the
      antioxidant ionol inhibited LPO and protected the monooxygenase system from
      reoxygenation but not from ischemic injuries. Phenobarbital alone and combined
      with ionol did not protect the monooxygenase system from ischemic and
      reoxygenation injuries but provided the retention of high absolute indicators of
      the system. Ionol and its combination with phenobarbital also increased the
      survival of rats with ischemized liver.

PMID- 6831016
TI  - [Calcium-binding activity of heart mitochondria in the aging rat and its possible
      role in myofibril relaxation].
AB  - Ca2+-binding activity of heart mitochondria does not change with aging of rats.
      The results are discussed in terms of experimental mitochondrial involvement in
      the control of myocardial contractility with regard to the reported data on the
      increased period of myocardial relaxation and diminution of the myocardium
      mitochondrial content during aging.

PMID- 6831013
TI  - [Atypical responses to dopamine of Helix pomatia neurons].
AB  - Atypical dopamine responses of Helix pomatia neurons accompanied by a fall in
      passive membrane permeability (an increase of the input resistance) were
      discovered. The reversal potential of the depolarizing atypical response amounted
      to -83 +/- 7 mV, and that of the hyperpolarizing response to -15 -20 mV. These
      values coincided with the reversal potentials for the hyperpolarizing and
      depolarizing responses to dopamine, that developed as membrane permeability
      increased. Biphasic dopamine responses are also described, in which the first
      phase is determined by an increase, while the second one with a decrease of
      membrane permeability. It is suggested that atypical dopamine responses are
      associated with specific types of ionic channels and are mediated via specific
      dopamine receptors.

PMID- 6831015
TI  - [Stabilizing action of alpha-tocopherol in postischemic damage to the
      hydroxylating system of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of the rat liver].
AB  - Administration of alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/kg) as an oily emulsion into male rat
      stomach every 12 hours 2 days before and 3 days after local disturbance in liver
      circulation prevents postischemia (72 hours after resumption of circulation)
      repression of amidopyrine-N-demethylation, aniline-hydroxylation, NADP H
      neotetrazolium reductase, NADP H oxidase, a decrease in the cytochrome P-450
      level, as well as intensification of ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation of
      hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The protective effect of alpha
      tocopherol is suggested to be due to its antioxidative and membrane-stabilizing
      properties.

PMID- 6831017
TI  - [Nonreceptor interaction of low-density lipoproteins with human fibroblasts].
AB  - An analysis was made of catabolism of low density lipids (LDL) labeled in the
      protein or lipid moieties with cultivated human fibroblasts under inhibition of
      receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL. The results have shown that under these
      conditions, only part of LDL uptaken by the cells are catabolized in the cells
      for 24 h. A considerable part account for a slow-metabolized intracellular pool.
      LDL of the latter may leave the cells by exocytosis (regurgitation), appearing in
      the culture medium. On the whole, the data obtained agree with the basic
      regularities of LDL transport in the cell within the structure of uncoated
      vesicles.

PMID- 6831018
TI  - [Calcium and lipid peroxidation in the heart mitochondrial and microsomal
      membranes].
AB  - Effect of the lipid peroxidation (LP) on the Ca2+-transport and the effect of
      different Ca2+-concentrations on the LP activation were studied in microsomes and
      mitochondria of the heart. A slight accumulation of LP-products in the microsomal
      fraction results in a complete inhibition of the membrane calcium-transport
      activity. Preliminary administration of antioxidants (4-methyl 2,6
      ditretbutylphenol and alpha-tocopherol) prevents both the accumulation of LP
      products and damage of the Ca2+-transport system. Calcium at 10(-6) M to 5 X 10(
      5) M concentrations stimulates LP and while being increased to 2 X 10(-3) M it
      inhibits LP. The data obtained evidence an interrelation between alterations of
      the Ca2+-concentrations and LP activation in cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 6831019
TI  - [Changes in the primary structure of DNA in rat organs during the aging process].
AB  - Thin-layer chromatography was used to study the composition of bases and
      pyrimidine sequences of varying lengths (isopliths) in DNA of different organs of
      rats aged 1, 12 and 30 months. It was found that with age the isoplith
      composition of DNA in the organs under study changed towards the chaotic
      distribution. The composition of DNA bases changed with age towards enrichment
      with guanine-cytosine-vapors, which was particularly pronounced in organs marked
      by an age-related decrease of 5-methylcytosine in DNA.

PMID- 6831021
TI  - [Acetylcholine-induced lymphocyte mobility in intact and sensitized mice].
AB  - During sensitization of BALB/c mice to protein antigen, spontaneous and
      acetylcholine-induced mobility of spleen lymphocytes increased, the maximum being
      reached on days 1-3 from the sensitization commencement. The acetylcholine
      induced mobility of lymphocytes was reduced if the lymphocytes had been
      preexposed to the antigen. The data obtained attest to the same cellular
      substrate of antigen and acetylcholine effects.

PMID- 6831022
TI  - [Spontaneous differentiation of cultured human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells].
AB  - During cultivation of the cells of dimorphous poorly differentiated glandular and
      squamous cell pulmonary carcinoma, one can see the predominance of the cells of
      poorly differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma with a gradual transition to a
      high-differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The cells of high-differentiated
      pulmonary adenocarcinoma exhibited marked capacity for agglutination induced by
      PHA and Con A, as well as high levels of dehydrogenase and hydrolase activity.

PMID- 6831020
TI  - [Estradiol receptors in the rat uterus under long-term hormone administration at
      different doses].
AB  - Multiple administration of estrogens in doses of 1 and 10 micrograms reduces
      specific binding of 3H-estradiol by subcellular fractions of rat uterus tissues.
      The cytoreceptor apparatus of the uterus of androgen-sterile rats is marked by
      the decreased response to a prolonged (7-8 days) hormone administration as
      compared to responses seen in normal and ovariectomized animals. The depletion of
      estrogen receptors is not linked with a rise of the endogenous steroid level in
      blood plasma and cytosol from uterine tissues.

PMID- 6831023
TI  - [Functioning of the nucleolus-organizer regions of the chromosomes of cultured
      human blood lymphocytes].
AB  - Functioning of the nucleolus-organizing regions (NORs) as studied by Ag-staining
      of metaphase G-banded chromosomes was compared in human blood cultures of
      lymphocytes of the 1st and 2nd divisions after PHA stimulation. No difference
      between these divisions was found in the number of Ag-stained NORs, the intensity
      of the staining, in the number of associated NORs, and the number of the
      associations per cell. However, a significant decrease in the number of
      metaphases containing the associations was observed in metaphases of the 2nd
      division. Asymmetry of the Ag-deposit observed in sister chromatids in BUdR
      incorporated NORs reduced or even disappeared after additional Ag-staining of the
      NORs.

PMID- 6831024
TI  - [Effect of phenobarbital on the cytogenetic activity of cyclophosphamide].
AB  - The effect of phenobarbital (PB, 2 and 80 mg/kg, 3 intraperitoneal injections) on
      the rate of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of rats induced by a
      single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) in a dose of 25 mg/kg
      was studied. Activity of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) was evaluated from the
      content of cytochrome P450, b5 and activity of aniline hydroxylase. The rate of
      the cells with chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow after combined action
      of PB and CP did not depend on the PB dose and was significantly higher as
      compared with CP action alone. After injection of 2 mg/kg, PB activity of MFO did
      not differ from that in control and increased 2 times after 80 mg/kg. Combined
      action of PB and CP did not induce any significant changes in activity of MFO
      compared with PB alone.

PMID- 6831025
TI  - [DOCA-salt hypertension in cats].
AB  - The possibility of reproducing DOCA-salt hypertension in cats has been explored.
      It has been shown that administration of DOCA and sodium chloride may result in
      the development of a hypertensive condition in some of cats. Unilateral
      nephrectomy increases the probability of hypertension occurrence. To attain a
      steady and noticeable (up to 190 +/- 8/146 +/- 7 mm Hg) elevation of arterial
      pressure, it is necessary that appreciable amounts of DOCA and sodium chloride be
      administered for a long time (during 6 months) in the presence of unilateral
      nephrectomy. The hypertension thus induced is marked by the increased (71%)
      overall peripheral resistance and by the decreased cardiac output, which rises
      for a short period in the course of hypertension development.

PMID- 6831028
TI  - [Mitogenic action of Mycoplasma arthritidis on the lymphoid cells of rats].
AB  - Proliferation of rat splenocytes was studied under the conditions of Mycoplasma
      infection in vitro. M. arthritidis in doses less than 10(7) CFU/ml exhibited a
      mitogenic action which seemed likely to be associated with Mycoplasma-produced
      factor. In higher doses M. arthritidis suppressed blast transformation caused by
      non-specific mitogens.

PMID- 6831027
TI  - [Effect of colchamine on the rates of cell proliferation in animal tissues].
AB  - A significant decrease in the rate of cell entering into mitosis was discovered
      in exocrine cells of the pancreas and in liver parenchymal cells of 7-day-old
      rats after colchamine injections at varying times of day. These data indicate
      that the colchamine method should not be applied to the assessment of mitosis
      duration and cell proliferation rates in animal tissues.

PMID- 6831026
TI  - [Interphase chromatin of human cells with diploid and haploid genomes].
AB  - A study was made of the chromatin structure of mature sperm cells from healthy
      males aged 25 to 40 using fluorescent microscopy and acridine orange staining
      according to the DNP cell thermal denaturation technique modified by the authors.
      It was shown that normal human sperm cell chromatin melting profiles represent
      uniform curves with maxima in the following temperature ranges: 43 (+/- 2)
      degrees, 55 (+/- 1) degrees, 67 (+/- 2) degrees, 77 (+/- 1) degrees, 82 (+/- 0.5)
      degrees, 89 (+/- 1) degrees, 92 (+/- 2) degrees (P less than 0.01), that are
      identical to those obtained with lymphocytes of healthy males with certain
      deviations from the standard normal variant. No heteromorphism was revealed in
      the sperm cell chromatin. Marked polymorphism in the chromatin structure occurs
      but at the diploid cell level. A 10-time decrease in the fluorescence of AO bound
      with sperm cell chromatin as compared to F530 AO bound with lymphocyte chromatin
      structure of the same individual supports the data on the over condensation of
      sperm cell nuclear chromatin as compared to that in lymphocytes.

PMID- 6831029
TI  - [Effect of the sympathetic nervous system on changes in the resistance of the
      hemato-encephalic barrier in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Systemic arterial hypertension was induced with a special set up for hemodynamic
      stroke and intravenous injection of angiotensin (AT) or noradrenaline (NA) in 12
      cats anesthetized with chloralose one hour after unilateral sympathectomy.
      Arterial hypertension was induced after reflex activation of the sympathetic
      nervous system (SNS) induced by graded hemorrhagic hypotension. during the
      reduction of systemic arterial pressure (AP) to 50-60 mm. Hg followed by an
      abrupt rise up to 230-240 mm Hg, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier
      (BBB) was largely impaired in the hemisphere under sympathectomy. During the AP
      reduction to 70-80 mm Hg and intravenous injection of AT (NA) followed by an
      abrupt rise of AP to 230-240 mm Hg, the derangement of BBB permeability of the
      intact hemisphere was found for the first time. At the same time the BBB
      permeability of the hemisphere under sympathectomy was found to be relatively
      preserved. Thus, the SNS controls the BBB permeability by changing blood pressure
      in exchange vessels.

PMID- 6831031
TI  - [Combined action of a UHF electromagnetic field and local freezing on biological
      tissues].
AB  - Experience gained so far by cryogenic surgery indicates that the possibilities of
      cryodestruction of sizable pathological formations are fairly limited. To
      overcome this barrier, it is necessary to change the status of the tissues,
      making them more sensitive to cryodestruction. The theoretical investigations
      suggest that microwave irradiation is one of the factors capable to change the
      status of tissues and to raise their sensitivity to cold exposure. Experiments
      made on the liver and muscles from rabbits, dogs and guinea-pigs have
      demonstrated that preliminary microwave irradiation followed by local freezing
      promotes the death of tissues 4-6-fold as compared to control.

PMID- 6831030
TI  - [Parafollicular cells in the regenerating thyroid gland].
AB  - Ten days after partial thyroidectomy (excision of the lower half of the thyroid
      left lobe) made in mature male rabbits, functional activity of thyrocytes
      markedly rose. That was the organism compensatory reaction to the decreased
      thyroid hormone production due to the enhancement of the pituitary thyrotropin
      secretion. However, parafollicular cells detected by the Sawicki method underwent
      reduction in the number and size, which was fairly appreciable in the
      regenerating thyroid lobe and insignificant in the lobe left intact. This
      reduction is probably caused by the fact that secretory activity of
      parafollicular cells is stimulated by sympathetic impulses, whereas in the
      regenerating thyroid, there prevail the parasympathetic effects.

PMID- 6831032
TI  - Status of laboratory testing in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.

PMID- 6831034
TI  - The Triton X-100-insoluble residue ("cytoskeleton") of aggregated platelets
      contains increased lipid phosphorus as well as 125I-labeled glycoproteins.

PMID- 6831033
TI  - Cholesterol and mevalonic acid are independent requirements for the in vitro
      proliferation of human bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells: studies using ML
      236B.
AB  - ML-236B is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG
      CoA) reductase, the key regulatory enzyme in the sequence that catalyzes the
      conversion of acetate to mevalonic acid in cholesterol biosynthesis. This
      compound caused marked inhibition of human bone marrow granulocyte progenitor
      cell (CFU-C) proliferation, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IHD50) being 2.0 X
      10(6)M. Inhibition of colony formation was reversed by mevalonic acid but not by
      cholesterol. ML-236B also inhibited DNA synthesis and acetate incorporation into
      cholesterol in marrow mononuclear cells (IHD50 = 5.6 x 10(6)M and 3.2 x 10(7)M,
      respectively). No inhibition of mevalonate incorporation into cholesterol was
      observed. These results differ from those observed with 25-hydroxycholesterol,
      another inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase. The latter compound also inhibited CFU-C
      proliferation and cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate; inhibition of colony
      formation was reversed by cholesterol but not by mevalonic acid. In addition, 25
      hydroxycholesterol inhibited cholesterol synthesis from mevalonic acid precursor.
      We conclude that: (1) ML-236B is a potent inhibitor of CFU-C proliferation, DNA
      synthesis, and cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate precursor in marrow
      mononuclear cells; (2) the effects of ML-236B are completely reversed by
      mevalonic acid but not by cholesterol, suggesting that mevalonic acid per se or
      one or more of its nonsterol products are critical for cell growth; (3) the
      inhibitory effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol on CFU-C proliferation and
      cholesterol biosynthesis are not solely a result of its inhibition of HMG CoA
      reductase, but are due in part to inhibition of enzymatic steps distal to
      mevalonic acid in the sterol synthetic pathway; and (4) mevalonic acid and
      cholesterol are independent requirements for CFU-C proliferation and
      differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 6831036
TI  - Serum monoclonal immunoglobulin bands in undifferentiated lymphomas of Burkitt
      and non-Burkitt types.
AB  - Using an improved electroimmunofixation technique that combines the sensitivity
      of high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis with the specificity of
      immunoprecipitation, we have demonstrated monoclonal immunoglobulin bands in the
      serum of patients with undifferentiated lymphomas of Burkitt and non-Burkitt
      types. Monoclonal bands were detected in the serum of 12 of 21 patients with
      extensive tumor, and 1 of 10 patients with minimal tumor. All of the bands were
      identified as IgM of a single light chain class. Such bands were not detected in
      the serum of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma (7) or African Burkitt's
      lymphoma (6). There was disappearance of the bands after therapy and reappearance
      at relapse. These findings, coupled with previously reported in vitro
      information, indicate that undifferentiated lymphoma cells secrete immunoglobulin
      of IgM isotype. Therefore, such monoclonal bands may be of potential value as
      tumor markers.

PMID- 6831037
TI  - The role of polyamine biosynthesis in hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation
      in mice.
AB  - Under the influence of a selective irreversible inhibitor of ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC), DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), early hematopoiesis
      was enhanced. In the bone marrow, the absolute number of cells that give rise to
      spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice (CFU-S), granulocytic colonies in
      diffusion chambers in mice (CFU-DG), and granulocyte-monocyte colonies in agar in
      vitro (CFU-C) was increased 2-4 fold. This could be abrogated by administration
      of putrescine, confirming the association of the stimulatory effect with
      polyamine biosynthesis most likely via depression of ornithine decarboxylase
      activity and subsequent synthesis of putrescine. Analysis of cell cycle
      characteristics by 3H-TdR suicide technique demonstrated that the proportion of
      CFU-S, CFU-DG, and CFU-C in S-phase was significantly increased. Additionally,
      the stimulatory effect was reflected by enhanced colony formation in diffusion
      chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice receiving DFMO. This could also be
      eliminated by treatment of the host animal with putrescine, again suggesting that
      polyamine biosynthesis plays an important role at the early stages of
      hematopoiesis in vivo. Effect of DFMO on colony formation in vitro (CFU-C) was
      inhibitory and not reversible with putrescine. It could be partially eliminated
      by aminoguanidine, which neutralizes diamine oxidase present in fetal calf serum
      used in the CFU-C assay. These data suggest that the effect of DFMO in vitro was
      nonspecific.

PMID- 6831035
TI  - Procoagulant activity of lymphocyte-macrophage populations in rabbits: selective
      increases in marrow, blood, and spleen cells during Shwartzman reactions.
AB  - The present experiments examine leukocyte procoagulant activity using mononuclear
      cell populations purified or enriched from rabbit bone marrow, blood, spleen,
      lymph node, thymus, and pulmonary alveoli. Cells from these six sites, obtained
      from control and endotoxemic animals and assayed without an intermediate culture
      step, were found to have procoagulant activity identified as tissue factor. Under
      control conditions, tissue factor activity was found to be at low levels in
      marrow and blood populations compared to median activities 3- and 11-fold higher
      in populations from spleen and lymph node, and 33- and 45-fold higher in thymus
      and alveolar populations. By contrast to respective controls, significantly
      increased amounts of tissue factor (35-, 15-, and 12-fold at median levels) were
      found in marrow, blood, and spleen populations from endotoxemic animals. The
      types of leukocytes in these latter three populations were morphologically and
      histochemically indistinguishable from respective controls, indicating that
      endotoxin induced increases of activity in cells with relatively low amounts
      under control conditions. Activity did not change significantly in lymph node,
      thymus, or alveolar populations after endotoxemia. These studies show that tissue
      factor is present in a range of leukocyte populations not previously reported to
      have procoagulant activity. In addition, the finding of widespread gains of
      tissue factor in the marrow-blood-spleen pool due to endotoxemia provides new
      evidence supporting the importance of leukocyte procoagulants in Shwartzman-like
      reactions.

PMID- 6831038
TI  - Spontaneous hematologic recovery from bone marrow aplasia after accidental
      tenfold overdosage with radiophosphorus.
AB  - Two patients with polycythemia vera received intravenously an accidental tenfold
      overdosage of radiophosphorus therapy (60 and 50 mCi 32P, respectively). In both
      patients, the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications 3 wk after the 32P
      medication led to detection of the error and referral to our hospital. Upon
      admission they showed an agranulocytosis, severe thrombocytopenia, and bone
      marrow aplasia. In both cases, spontaneous recovery of the hematopoiesis was
      observed from day 40 posttreatment onward. In one patient, a slow but ultimately
      complete normalization of blood counts and marrow morphology took place, whereas
      in the other, a mild thrombocytopenia persists. Nearly 5 yr after the accidental
      overdosage, both patients are clinically well. Symptoms of polycythemia vera have
      not reappeared up to now. Attempts were made to evaluate the radiation dose
      absorbed by the bone marrow. In the first patient, the daily 32P excretion was
      determined from day 22 to day 60, whereas in the other patient a whole body count
      was performed on day 78 after administration. From these results, an approximate
      cumulative bone marrow dose of 10 Sv (1000 rem) could be calculated.

PMID- 6831041
TI  - No stimulative effect of adipocytes on hematopoiesis in long-term human bone
      marrow cultures.
AB  - Long-term cultures of human bone marrow were established for 5-13 wk to study the
      role of adipocytes in sustaining hematopoiesis. At weekly intervals, the numbers
      of nucleated cells and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFU) in
      culture were estimated in relation to the numbers of fat-containing cells present
      in the adherent stroma layer. In these quantifications, the numbers of GM-CFU
      trapped in the adherent cell layer were considered separately. It was found that
      the presence of adipocytes did not correlate with more active hematopoiesis. Fat
      cells appeared at late stages when successful cultures were being exhausted or
      early in cultures with poor activity. These observations suggest that human
      marrow continuous hematopoiesis in vitro, unlike hematopoiesis in the analogous
      murine bone marrow cultures, does not depend on the presence of adipocytes.

PMID- 6831042
TI  - Lysis of leukemia and lymphoma cells by autologous and allogeneic interferon
      activated blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether leukemia and lymphoma cells would be
      lysed by autologous and allogeneic interferon (IFN) activated peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from healthy donors and from patients were
      cultured with and without 500 U of highly purified human fibroblast IFN/ml for 24
      hr, and then their cytotoxic activity was assayed by a 5-hr 51Cr-release test. Of
      primary tumor cells isolated from patients, the cells of 5 of 15 patients with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 5 of 9 patients with acute lymphocytic
      leukemia (ALL), 2 of 3 patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML), 2 of 3 patients with blastic phase CML, 1 patient with hairy cell
      leukemia, and 6 patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were sensitive to
      IFN-activated PBMC of healthy donors, whereas the cells of 3 of the ANLL
      patients, 2 of the ALL patients, and 3 of the lymphoma patients were sensitive to
      unstimulated PBMC. Of the ANLL cells tested, myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and
      monoblasts were sensitive to either unstimulated or IFN-activated PBMC. Compared
      with the ANLL cells, the lymphoma cells were statistically significantly
      sensitive to activated effector cells (p less than 0.025). On the basis of the
      unlabeled target competition test and the recovery of cytotoxic cells within the
      fractions enriched in natural killer (NK) cells, NK cells appeared to mediate the
      above unstimulated and IFN-boosted cytotoxicity. In experiments using autologous
      effector-target cells from 11 patients, the addition of 500 U of IFN/ml enhanced
      the lytic activity of PBMC against autologous lymphoma cells in 1 patient, and
      higher concentrations of IFN, i.e., 2500 or 3500 U/ml, enhanced their cytotoxic
      activity against autologous leukemia or lymphoma cells in 4 of 8 patients. These
      data indicate that IFN-activated allogeneic PBMC are able to lyse both myeloid
      and lymphoid tumor cells, whereas higher concentrations of IFN are required to
      enhance lytic activity against autologous tumor cells.

PMID- 6831039
TI  - Isolation of erythropoietin-sensitive cells from Friend virus-infected marrow
      cultures: characteristics of the erythropoietin response.
AB  - Murine erythroid precursor cells, stimulated to proliferate in vitro in the
      absence of added erythropoietin (EP) by the anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA),
      will subsequently respond to EP by complete erythrocyte differentiation. If not
      exposed to EP, the erythroid cells divide for about 120 hr in culture, and they
      maintain the potential for full differentiation in response to EP added at any
      time during the period from 72 to 120 hr. Between 96 and 120 hr of culture
      without added EP, the EP-sensitive erythroid precursor cells that have formed
      discrete erythroid bursts can be isolated in relatively large numbers from such
      cultures by plucking with a Pasteur pipette. The addition of EP initiates the
      final stages of erythroid differentiation, including heme synthesis in 70%-80% of
      these isolated cells. With respect to homogeneity of the precursor cells,
      quantity of EP-responsive cells obtainable, and uniformity of EP responsiveness,
      this system is uniquely favorable for biochemical studies of the late
      differentiation effects of EP. The overall changes in gene expression
      accompanying EP-induced terminal differentiation were examined by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis of proteins labeled for a short time with radioactive amino
      acids. Several new proteins are synthesized in these erythroid cells during
      terminal differentiation, but the number is a very small percentage of the total
      number of proteins being made. Thus, in this system, the effect of EP is to
      initiate expression of a small group of genes, including those for globins,
      spectrin, and other proteins involved in the final stages of erythroid
      differentiation.

PMID- 6831040
TI  - Hertwig's anemia: characterization of the stem cell defect.
AB  - Mice homozygous for Hertwig's anemia, an/an, have a mild macrocytic anemia and
      are refractory to the potentially curative action of exogenously administered
      erythropoietin (EP). Both red and white blood cell numbers are decreased. One
      possible explanation is that a precursor stem cell population is in short supply.
      We have examined this possibility through comparisons of CFU-S, BFU-E, and CFU-E
      numbers in an/an and +/+ mouse bone marrow. The response of erythroid-committed
      stem cells to EP in vitro has also been determined. Our findings suggest that EP
      resistance is due to diminished numbers rather than decreased EP sensitivity of
      responsive cells. In mice with Hertwig's anemia, the relative numbers of both BFU
      E and CFU-E are reduced. The erythroid-committed stem cells are more severely
      affected than their progenitors, the CFU-S. The data show that cells are lost
      during the progressive differentiation from stem cell to erythrocyte.

PMID- 6831043
TI  - Quantitation of intrinsic factor.

PMID- 6831044
TI  - Derivation of lymphoma cell lines from microscopically normal bone marrow in
      patients with undifferentiated lymphomas: evidence of occult bone marrow
      involvement.
AB  - Evidence is presented that at least 17% of microscopically normal bone marrow
      samples obtained from patients with undifferentiated lymphomas contain occult
      tumor cells. Of 19 microscopically normal bone marrow samples tested, continuous
      tumor cell lines were obtained from 4. A tumor cell origin was confirmed by the
      presence of an 8;14 chromosomal translocation in each case, and HLA typing
      confirmed the patient origin of the cell line. In two other patients, direct
      cytogenetic examination of microscopically normal bone marrow samples revealed
      karyotypes containing 8:14 translocations or a 14q+ chromosome. These findings
      indicate that undifferentiated lymphomas are often more widespread than is
      clinically appreciated. The presence of submicroscopic marrow involvement is also
      of significance to the design and analysis of treatment protocols involving
      autologous marrow infusion.

PMID- 6831045
TI  - Thrombocytosis and inv(3)(q21q26)

PMID- 6831046
TI  - Protein kinases and membrane protein phosphorylation in normal and abnormal human
      erythrocytes: variation related to mean cell age.
AB  - Protein kinase activities and membrane autophosphorylation reactions of normal
      and abnormal human erythrocytes were analyzed. Erythrocytes from patients with
      high reticulocytosis due to sickle cell anemia and other disorders (n = 13)
      exhibited elevated activities of total and membrane-bound cAMP-independent casein
      kinase and cAMP-stimulated histone kinase. Relative to normal controls (n = 10),
      the average total activities in these abnormal cells were increased 50% and 81%,
      respectively. The casein and histone kinase activities of normal and abnormal
      erythrocytes declined significantly with increasing age and buoyant density in
      Stractan density gradients. Casein kinase activity was highly correlated (r =
      0.88; n = 23) with the percentage of reticulocytes in the fraction, consistent
      with either a progressive loss of activity in mature erythrocytes or an abrupt
      decline during reticulocyte maturation. The cAMP-independent and cAMP-stimulated
      autophosphorylation activities of isolated membranes also declined with
      increasing erythrocyte age. On average, the initial rate of spectrin labeling was
      36% lower in ghosts from Stractan gradient bottom fractions, relative to ghosts
      from top fractions similarly incubated with gamma-32P-ATP. Incorporation into the
      "band 4.5 zone" (primarily labeling bands 4.8 and 4.9, mol wt 47,800 and 44,600)
      was also age-dependent. In membranes of unfractionated sickle cells, spectrin
      autophosphorylation was within normal limits, while 4.5 zone autophosphorylation
      was increased. Membranes from high reticulocytosis controls (vitamin B-12
      deficiency) exhibited similar autophosphorylation patterns, suggesting that the
      altered autophosphorylation pattern of sickle cell membranes may be attributed to
      the predominance of very young cells.

PMID- 6831048
TI  - Individual BFU-E in polycythemia vera produce both erythropoietin dependent and
      independent progeny.
AB  - Erythropoietic progenitors from peripheral blood of normal individuals or
      patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were cultured in methylcellulose medium
      containing 2.5 U/ml of erythropoietin (Ep). After 7-9 days, colonies considered
      to be early stage large bursts were individually removed, resuspended in a small
      volume of fresh methylcellulose medium, and then divided between 2 dishes. To one
      of these secondary cultures, sufficient Ep was added to bring the concentration
      of Ep up to approximately 3 U/ml. To the other was added an equal volume of
      medium but no Ep. The final concentration of Ep in these cultures was determined
      to be less than 0.01 U/ml. Nine days later, both types of secondary cultures were
      scored for the presence of colonies containing 8 or more hemoglobinized
      erythroblasts. Of 90 primary colonies from 3 normal individuals assessed in this
      way, 59 gave secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, while none
      gave secondary erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. Additional control
      experiments in which primary colonies from normal individuals were divided into
      duplicate high Ep cultures showed that on average, the procedure used divided
      primary colonies equally. Of 109 primary colonies from 5 PV patients that yielded
      secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, 21 yielded no secondary
      erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. The other 88 yielded erythroid
      colonies in both, but the secondary colonies in the low Ep cultures were
      consistently smaller in size and significantly fewer in number. Similar results
      were obtained when primary colonies were generated in cultures to which no Ep was
      added. These findings indicate that primitive BFU-E in patients with PV can be
      subdivided into 2 populations: a minor population restricted to the production of
      erythroid colony-forming cells (Ep-dependent progenitors) that require Ep for
      their detection, and a major population that is not restricted in this way. In
      addition, these experiments show that most of the primitive BFU-E that generate
      Ep-independent progenitors also produce significant numbers of cells that are Ep
      dependent.

PMID- 6831047
TI  - Relationship of megakaryocyte size at diagnosis to chemotherapeutic response in
      children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Small megakaryocytes are frequently seen in patients with acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL). In this study, median megakaryocyte diameters were determined in
      marrow biopsy specimens of 32 children at diagnosis of ANLL and related to
      platelet count and chemotherapeutic response. The association between median
      megakaryocyte size and time-to-failure was striking. Seven of 9 patients with
      median megakaryocyte diameters greater than 20 microns remain in continuous
      complete remission for more than 3 yr, whereas 20 of 23 patients with smaller
      median megakaryocyte diameters failed therapy within 15 mo (p = 0.002). By Cox
      regression analysis, megakaryocyte size had independent prognostic value (p less
      than 0.001), surpassing that of spleen size, the only other feature having
      significant association with time-to-failure. Megakaryocyte size at diagnosis may
      be useful for predicting the likelihood of prolonged complete remission in ANLL.

PMID- 6831049
TI  - Plasma lactoferrin reflects granulocyte activation in vivo.
AB  - N-formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP) causes polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to secrete
      and become "sticky" in vitro. We related these events to in vivo FMLP-induced
      neutropenia. FMLP was intravenously administered to anesthetized rabbits in doses
      ranging from 0.01 microgram to 1.0 microgram. Controls received phosphate
      buffered saline (PBS), the diluent for FMLP. Blood pressure, respiratory rate,
      and arterial Po2 were monitored. High and intermediate doses of FMLP caused a
      dramatic but transient decrease in blood pressure and an increase in respiratory
      rate. Prior to FMLP infusion, plasma lactoferrin level was 6.4 +/- 4.1
      micrograms/ml, and the absolute granulocyte account (AGC) was 2008 +/- 1229 (mean
      +/- SD). There was a positive linear correlation between AGC and plasma
      lactoferrin level prior to injection of FMLP (R2 = 0.74, p less than 0.01). At 1
      min after FMLP injection, the percent change in AGC decreased as an exponential
      function of dose to as low as 10% of baseline (R2 = 0.86, p = 0.002) and plasma
      concentration of lactoferrin increased as an exponential function of dose to as
      high as 30 micrograms/ml (R2 = 0.84, p = 0.006). Thus, FMLP-induced neutropenia
      is associated with increased levels of plasma lactoferrin, suggesting that PMN
      are induced to degranulate in vivo.

PMID- 6831051
TI  - Endogenous proteolysis of membrane-bound red cell cytochrome-b5 reductase in
      adults and newborns: its possible relevance to the generation of the soluble
      "methemoglobin reductase".
AB  - The problem of the low activity of so-called methemoglobin reductase in red cells
      from newborns was reinvestigated in view of our current knowledge of this enzyme,
      i.e., (1) its being cytochrome-b5 reductase and (2) its presence in two forms:
      soluble and membrane-bound. We found that red cells from cord blood and newborns
      exhibited a 50% decrease of soluble cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, whereas
      membrane-bound activity was in the adult range. Ghosts from these cells possessed
      diminished ability to solubilize membrane-bound cytochrome-b5 reductase in the
      course of in vitro auto-incubation. This autosolubilizing ability increased with
      age and reached adult level concomitantly with soluble cytochrome-b5 reductase
      activity at 6 mo. We conclude that the relative deficiency of soluble cytochrome
      b5 reductase observed at birth is due to diminished post-translational processing
      of the membrane-bound enzyme during erythropoiesis of fetal cells. This
      processing is calcium-dependent related to calmodulin.

PMID- 6831050
TI  - Anticonvulsant-induced aplastic anemia: increased susceptibility to toxic drug
      metabolites in vitro.
AB  - A 53-yr-old man sequentially developed aplastic anemia from phenytoin and
      carbamazepine. Both compounds undergo metabolism to potentially toxic arene oxide
      intermediates. We tested the hypothesis that the patient's adverse reactions were
      due to a defect in detoxification of such metabolites by challenging his
      peripheral lymphocytes with drug metabolites generated by a murine hepatic
      microsomal system in vitro. The patient's cell viability was normal in the
      absence of drugs. However, his cells showed greater toxicity from both phenytoin
      and carbamazepine metabolites than did controls. Toxicity was dependent on
      microsomes and NADPH. Intermediate toxicity was noted in cells from the patient's
      mother. The results provide the first evidence for a role of arene oxide drug
      metabolites in aplastic anemia in humans and suggest that enhanced susceptibility
      to toxicity may be based on an inherited abnormality in metabolite
      detoxification.

PMID- 6831052
TI  - Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: comprehensive characterization of red cell volume
      and surface maintenance.
AB  - Whole cell deformability of red cells was measured as a continuous function of
      suspending medium osmolality using the ektacytometer, a laser-diffraction
      viscometer. Study of normal cells in which water content and membrane surface
      area had been selectively modified showed that this technique can detect changes
      in these properties with high sensitivity. The osmotic deformability profiles
      obtained from this assay provide information about cell water content, surface
      area, and the heterogeneity in these cellular properties, information that by
      conventional methods would require several different types of measurements.
      Application of this approach to a variety of pathologic blood samples showed that
      various hematologic disorders can be characterized by the shape of this profile
      and the position of specific features of the profile along the osmolality axis.
      Measurement of osmotic deformability profiles thus provides a convenient and
      comprehensive means of identifying abnormalities either in red cell water content
      or surface area.

PMID- 6831053
TI  - Red blood cell glucose metabolism in trisomy 10p: possible role of hexokinase in
      the erythrocyte.
AB  - Red blood cell glucose metabolism was investigated in a male patient with de novo
      trisomy 10p. According to previous evidence, when assigning hexokinase gene locus
      in the 10p11 leads to pter region, a triplex dosage effect of hexokinase activity
      (HK) was found, while all the other erythrocyte glycolytic enzymes were in the
      normal values range. Red blood cell glucose utilization was 2.87 mumole/hr/ml RBC
      as compared to 1.43 in normal controls; the rate of glucose metabolized through
      the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) was unchanged. Glucose-6-phosphate,
      fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      increased with respect to normal controls, while normal levels of 3
      phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and ATP were found.
      The HK activity increased in all the red blood cell fractions obtained by density
      gradient ultracentrifugation. However, a small difference in the distribution of
      cells through the gradient was evident. The experiments reported in this article
      show that in the red blood cells of patients with trisomy 10p, an increased level
      of HK leads to higher concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and to a faster
      glucose utilization in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, while the HMPS rate is
      unchanged.

PMID- 6831054
TI  - Mechanism of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate increase in neonatal lambs.
AB  - The tenfold increase in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration that
      occurs during the first 5 days of life in lambs is an important adaptation to
      extrauterine life. In lambs, DPG reduces hemoglobin oxygen affinity by the Bohr
      effect. Our data on 10 neonatal lambs suggest that the biochemical mechanism
      underlying this DPG increase involves the following: (1) a rise in plasma glucose
      from 40 to 100 mg/dl in the first 48 hr of life, which allows for increased
      glucose consumption in the highly glucose-permeable neonatal RBC; (2) a
      transitory rise in blood pH begins at birth, peaks at about 20 hr, and falls
      slightly; (3) the pH increase coincides with a threefold increase in RBC fructose
      1,6-diphosphate (FDP) concentration due, we believe, to pH activation of
      phosphofructokinase; (4) glycolytic intermediates after the glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) step do not rise in the first 24 hr of life,
      possibly due to insufficient inorganic phosphate (Pi), a substrate of GAPD; (5)
      plasma Pi increases from about 7 mg/dl at birth to 11 mg/dl at 72 hr, activates
      the GAPD, and FDP levels decline; and (6) the in vitro activity of the DPG
      synthetic enzyme, DPG mutase, is increased 12-fold in neonatal compared to adult
      RBC. We conclude that the postnatal rise in DPG is explained at least in part by
      the sequential effects of these metabolic changes.

PMID- 6831055
TI  - Human myeloma in vitro colony growth: interrelationships between drug
      sensitivity, cell kinetics, and patient survival duration.
AB  - Ninety-seven patients with multiple myeloma evaluated serially had both a
      tritiated thymidine labeling index of bone marrow plasma cells (LI%) and in vitro
      myeloma stem cell culture performed. Thirty-three patients with myeloma colony
      growth had in vitro drug sensitivity testing carried out, 18 having in addition
      in vitro thymidine suicide determinations. The LI% and the likelihood of in vitro
      myeloma colony growth were highly correlated: the higher the LI%, the more likely
      was colony or cluster growth (p less than 0.001). The tritiated thymidine suicide
      of myeloma stem cells was usually very high. There was excellent correlation
      between in vitro and in vivo drug sensitivity. Both pretreatment drug resistance
      and selective sensitivity (e.g., interferon, bisantrene, methotrexate,
      vinblastine) at the time of relapse were accurately detected and correlated well
      with survival duration (p = 0.01 Wilcoxan). Although LI% and in vitro sensitivity
      were clearly independent variables, a high LI% (greater than 3%) plus in vitro
      resistance were associated with a subsequent survival duration of less than 6 mo.
      The studies allowed dissection of the complex interrelationship between cell
      kinetics and drug sensitivity.

PMID- 6831056
TI  - Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 and bone marrow eosinophilia in
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a new association.
AB  - Recently, several specific chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with
      distinctive clinical and/or morphological subtypes of acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL). To further investigate the clinical utility of karyotype
      analysis in ANLL, we have examined G-banded metaphase chromosomes at diagnosis in
      61 consecutive patients. Of the 60 patients who had adequate mitoses, 47 (78%)
      had a clonal chromosome abnormality. The sole karyotypic abnormality found in 5
      patients was a del(16)(q22). The unique pretreatment characteristic of these 5
      patients was marrow eosinophilia ranging from 8% to 54%. No other patient had
      more than 4% marrow eosinophils. Among the patients with eosinophilia, all had
      Auer rods, serum muramidase was elevated in the 4 tested, and 4 had hepatomegaly
      at presentation. Both patients who survived initial treatment remain in complete
      remission at 23+ and 33+ mo. The data suggest that we have identified a new
      cytogenetic-clinical subtype of ANLL defined by the del(16)(q22).

PMID- 6831058
TI  - Quantitative changes in the size of fenestrations of the elastic laminae of sheep
      thoracic aorta studied with SEM1.
AB  - The elastic laminae were extracted from thoracic aortas of 6 adult sheep by
      treating them in 0.1 N NaOH at 75 degrees C, and the surface of internal elastic
      lamina (IEL) was observed for windows by scanning electron microscopy. The
      fenestration analysis on IEL showed that mean diameters of the holes ranged from
      0.46 microns (+/- 0.013 SEM) to 1.35 microns (+/- 1.019 SEM), which is smaller
      than those of human cerebral arteries (7.0 +/- 0.34 at the apex of the
      bifurcation and 2.1 +/- 0.13 SEM microns in the straight sections; [3]), and mean
      densities ranged from 6,513 to 31,544/mm2. Both size and density of windows are
      found to increase when the digestion time in the hot alkaline solution is
      increased form 1 to 3 h. It is concluded that the IEL of the sheep thoracic aorta
      has smaller windows than human cerebral arteries and because of the wall
      thickness the thoracic aorta requires longer digestion times than human cerebral
      arteries.

PMID- 6831057
TI  - Innervation sites of dog hindpaw series and parallel vascular circuits.
AB  - The neural control of the distribution of blood flow between the parallel
      nutritional and nonnutritional vascular circuits in the dog hindpaw has been
      assessed. The right hindpaw of anesthetized dogs was vascularly and neurally
      isolated and placed in a volume recorder sealed by the skin flap. The animals
      were heparinized. The autoperfused preparation was isovolumetric during the
      control period. The inflow tubing had side arms for measurement of perfusion
      pressure and for injections of indicators (131I-albumin, 86Rb and 85Sr
      microspheres). Vascular volume changes were determined from venous time
      concentration curves and by plethysmography. The peripheral cut ends of the
      superficial and deep fibular nerves and the tibial nerve were individually
      stimulated at 5 and 11 Hz. The permeability surface area product of 86Rb and the
      capillary filtration coefficient were determined and A-V shunt patency was
      assessed by the venous recovery of 85Sr 15 microns microspheres. Each nerve
      stimulation increased blood flow resistance. Superficial fibular nerve
      innervation included essentially uniform effects on the arterioles and A-V
      shunts, the upstream arteries and also the veins. Deep fibular nerve stimulation
      indicated that its innervation included the arteries and the A-V shunt
      nonexchange vessels. Tibial nerve stimulations indicated that its innervation
      included the A-V shunt vessels and veins with minimal influences on the arteries
      and arterioles.

PMID- 6831059
TI  - Altered membrane electrical properties of smooth muscle cells from small cerebral
      arteries of hypertensive rats.
AB  - Certain electrophysiological properties of smooth muscle cells within middle
      cerebral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive
      Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls were recorded with glass microelectrodes. Under
      control conditions the smooth muscle cells of arteries from SHR rats exhibited
      fast and slow oscillations of the resting membrane potential (Em). In marked
      contrast the smooth muscle cells of WKY cerebral arteries were electrically
      quiescent. The Em vs. log [K]o relationship was similar for arteries from both
      SHR and WKY rats and extrapolated to similar [K]i values of 150-155 microM when
      determined under control conditions. When Em vs. log [K]o curves were obtained in
      the presence of ouabain to block electrogenic Na-K transport, the smooth muscle
      cells of SHR cerebral arteries exhibited a lower mean slope per decade change in
      [K]o (i.e., depolarized more at various concentrations of [K]o in the presence of
      ouabain) when compared to WKY. Arterial smooth muscle cells from SHR also
      depolarized to a greater extent when exposed to zero K+ solutions. The results of
      this study indicate that smooth muscle cells of cerebral arteries from SHR rats
      have a greater electrogenic Em component as well as altered ionic conductances
      for K+ and possibly Na+ both of which may contribute to their spontaneous
      electrical activity.

PMID- 6831060
TI  - N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase of peripheral blood lymphocytes in ontogenetic
      development of man.
AB  - The activity and intracellular localization of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes has been evaluated in 170 healthy subjects of
      varying age by means of semiquantitative cytochemical method. The groups of
      premature and term infants, children and adults have been compared with regard to
      cytochemical type of reaction and intracellular localization of that enzyme. It
      has been revealed that during last months of intrauterine life of man the
      granular type of reaction suggesting formation of enzyme-positive lysosomes
      becomes gradually more and more frequent. During further ontogenetic development
      starting from neonatal age up to fifth decade of life no significant alterations
      with regard to the numbers of enzyme-positive lymphocytes and the intracellular
      type of cytochemical reaction are noted. The last three decades of life are
      characterized by more frequent diffuse type of cytoenzymatic reaction within the
      lymphocytes suggesting a passage of the enzyme from lysosomes to the surrounding
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 6831061
TI  - Possible contribution of oxyhemoglobin to the iron-induced hemolysis simultaneous
      effect of iron and hemoglobin on lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The mechanism of iron toxicity in iron overloaded patients is not well
      established. A hypothesis was put forward that free radical processes are
      involved. Our earlier study indicates that iron-induced hemolysis is preceded by
      peroxidation of the membrane lipids. In the present work the simultaneous effect
      of iron and hemoglobin on lipid peroxidation was studied. It was found that in
      hemoglobin-containing liposome suspensions Fe2+ in concentrations above 10(-5) M
      inhibits the peroxidation, while Fe3+ drastically potentiates it, with
      concomitant transformation of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. The experiments
      with scavengers of activated oxygen indicate superoxide anion radical (O-.2),
      hydroxyl radical (OH.) and singlet oxygen (1O2) participation. The possible
      mechanism of the phenomenon is discussed. A conclusion is drawn that the toxic
      effect of Fe3+ may be associated not only with iron--membrane interaction, but
      also with increased methemoglobin formation and O-.2 release.

PMID- 6831062
TI  - Long-term culture of CFU-C colonies in agar.

PMID- 6831063
TI  - Effects of p-cresol on photosynthetic and respiration rates of a filamentous
      green alga (Spirogyra).

PMID- 6831064
TI  - Effects of dietary carbofuran on bobwhite activity patterns.

PMID- 6831065
TI  - A modification of the Luke multiresidue procedure for low moisture, nonfatty
      products.

PMID- 6831066
TI  - Incidence of cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide in fruit crops treated with
      captan.

PMID- 6831067
TI  - Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and
      birds.

PMID- 6831068
TI  - Mallard egg quality: enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated
      hydrocarbons.

PMID- 6831069
TI  - Total mercury content of meat and liver from inshore Newfoundland-caught harp
      seal (Phoca groenlandica).

PMID- 6831070
TI  - Absorption and tissue distribution of cadmium in mice after chronic feeding with
      cadmium chloride and cadmium-metallothionein.

PMID- 6831071
TI  - Correlation of copper distribution in a freshwater-sediment system to
      bioavailability.

PMID- 6831075
TI  - Sensory and social reinforcement of head-turning in a profoundly retarded
      multiply handicapped child.
AB  - Head-turning by a nine-year-old multiply handicapped profoundly retarded child
      (highest item passed on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Infant development test:
      2.6 months; highest item passed on Motor Scale of Infant development test: 0.1
      month) was reinforced by a variety of potential reinforcers: auditory; vibratory;
      social; visual. In addition various elicitation and shaping procedures were
      employed. Relative to base-line performance only visual reinforcement produced a
      substantial increase in head-turning. This finding is discussed in terms of the
      compatibility of operant and reinforcer and is related to the recent literature
      on constraints and predispositions in learning. The extent to which visual
      reinforcement also had eliciting effects is considered and further experimental
      controls and operations described.

PMID- 6831072
TI  - Determination of fenvalerate in flowing-seawater exposure studies.

PMID- 6831073
TI  - A comparison of objective and subjective measures of alcohol dependence as
      predictors of relapse following treatment.
AB  - Shortly before discharge, 50 alcoholic inpatients completed an 'objective'
      measure of alcohol dependence, the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire,
      and a 'subjective' measure, taken largely from questions previously used by
      Schaefer (1971). At six-month follow-up, there was a significant difference in
      the subjective measure between patients who had maintained harm-free drinking and
      those who had returned to some form of harmful drinking, but no significant
      relationship was observed for the SADQ. It is concluded that relapse following
      treatment is better predicted by the subjective measure than by the objective
      measure of dependence and the implications of this for theories of relapse are
      noted.

PMID- 6831077
TI  - Hopelessness and depression.
AB  - It has been proposed that suicidal wishes in depressed patients can be reduced by
      modifying hopelessness (Beck et al., 1979). Hopelessness, as measured by Beck's
      Hopelessness Scale, has been shown to correlate strongly with suicidal indices in
      clinical groups. However, normative data from depressed patients are lacking.
      Moreover, it has yet to be shown that hopeless individuals manifest the specific
      cognitive distortions on which cognitive therapy focuses. Eighty-six newly
      referred patients with primary depression completed the Hopelessness Scale.
      Results indicate that pessimism is common among depressed patients, although
      there can be considerable individual differences. Factor analysis revealed five
      cognitive factors which need replication from larger studies. In a second study,
      20 depressed patients were interviewed to assess the significance of different
      levels of hopelessness. Greater hopelessness was associated both with an increase
      in suicidal wishes and with more negative expectations about real-life problems.
      These findings emphasize the importance of hopelessness in depressed suicidal
      patients, and provide indirect support for the intervention proposals advanced by
      cognitive theorists.

PMID- 6831076
TI  - Behavioural-communications treatment of marital interaction: negative behaviours.
AB  - The present investigation assessed the effectiveness of a behavioural
      communications marital intervention package focused solely upon negative
      behaviours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated via two independent, within
      subject multiple base-line designs. Four target behaviours, selected on the basis
      of clinical and laboratory assessment, were sequentially and cumulatively
      introduced over the course of an eight-week treatment programme. Multimodal
      assessment techniques included self-report, spouse-report, and direct
      observations of laboratory-based interactions. While slight differences occurred
      between measurement systems, all results attested to the efficacy of the
      therapeutic package. One-year follow-up data continued to indicate maintenance of
      treatment gains over time. These findings were discussed with regard to
      decelerative targets of intervention, and recommendations were made for continued
      investigations in the area.

PMID- 6831074
TI  - Food additives and hyperactive children: a critique of Conners.
AB  - Food Additives and Hyperactive Children (Conners, 1980) is the first book-length
      attempt to evaluate Feingold's additive and salicylate-free Kaiser-Permenente
      diet for the treatment of hyperactive children, and as such it requires critical
      scrutiny. The studies reported in the book appear to be open to criticism from a
      number of points of view. It is argued that the studies as reported do not
      constitute a methodologically adequate test of Feingold's hypothesis that many
      hyperactive children are hypersensitive to artificial colours and flavours and
      other chemical additives and naturally occurring substances in foods and that it
      is thus premature to reject the hypothesis on the grounds presented here. It is
      argued, further, that Feingold's approach to the environmental aetiology of
      childhood hyperactivity is too limited and may for this reason lead to a failure
      to discover and eliminate other possible environmental causes of this
      increasingly prevalent condition.

PMID- 6831078
TI  - Syndrome analysis in clinical neuropsychology.
AB  - The application of syndrome analysis in clinical practice has tended to rely on
      rather qualitative diagnoses by the neuropsychologist. The present paper proposes
      the use of a decision theory method which enables a systematic approach to be
      made to neuropsychological diagnosis. It is argued that the proposed method not
      only aids diagnostic decision making but also enables probabilities to be
      associated with particular prognostic statements. In this way the method is
      useful for guiding testing procedures and optimizing treatment programmes for
      particular patients.

PMID- 6831079
TI  - Agoraphobics: a test of the repression hypothesis.

PMID- 6831081
TI  - Health science libraries in the United States: I. Overview of the post-World War
      II years.
AB  - Data from three surveys of health sciences libraries in the United States (1969,
      1973, and 1979) were analyzed within the context of scientific, technological,
      and sociopolitical developments. Findings included decrease in the number of
      separately administered libraries, growth of some, decline or discontinuation of
      others, and geographic movement. Overall, the aggregate resources are increasing,
      as is cooperation among libraries.

PMID- 6831080
TI  - Medical library support in rural areas.
AB  - Physicians in rural areas often feel professionally isolated due to lack of
      access to medical center services, particularly library services. To test the
      need for and use of medical library services, an experimental program was
      established for physicians in southeastern Kentucky. Physicians were given a toll
      free number to call for assistance or to make requests, and persons in two rural
      locations were trained in the use of basic library reference sources. A
      communication procedure to a university medical center was established to help
      patrons obtain information. Evaluation of the service showed that users were much
      more satisfied with the availability of medical library resources.

PMID- 6831082
TI  - Health sciences libraries in the United States: II. Medical school libraries,
      1960-1980.
AB  - Surveys of medical school libraries made over a twenty-year period (1960-61
      through 1980-81) were analyzed. As indicated by growth in both number and
      support, medical school libraries have evolved from a period of stability through
      expansive growth and subsequent leveling off. Expenditures and resource
      development have been affected by historical developments, especially recent
      massive federal and state aid to medical education.

PMID- 6831083
TI  - Health science libraries in the United States: III. Hospital health science
      libraries, 1969-1979.
AB  - Health sciences libraries in hospitals were examined from longitudinal data
      collected in 1969, 1973, and 1979, to derive parameters for the universe and for
      resources, services, and manpower. The surveys show that during this period, the
      number of hospitals decreased whereas the number of libraries increased. Growth
      in the number of community hospital libraries was counterbalanced by changes in
      federal, psychiatric, tuberculosis, and chronic illness hospitals.

PMID- 6831088
TI  - Postgraduate diplomas. MRCPath Part II.

PMID- 6831086
TI  - School pregnancies-medical, social, and educational considerations.

PMID- 6831085
TI  - Myocutaneous flaps.

PMID- 6831084
TI  - Certification-recertification in the TALON region: a survey.

PMID- 6831087
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 6831090
TI  - Syringe pumps.

PMID- 6831089
TI  - Fractures. The lower limb-1.

PMID- 6831091
TI  - The orbicularis oris muscle: a functional approach to its repair in the cleft
      lip.
AB  - Using electrical stimulation the different muscular components of the orbicularis
      oris muscle are defined at the time of operation for repair of the cleft. By wide
      dissection and differential re-arrangement, these muscular components can then be
      brought into their normal position. Not only is a better cosmetic and functional
      result achieved immediately but it is suggested that some common growth
      deformities will be avoided.

PMID- 6831093
TI  - Free jejunal transfer for reconstruction of the cervical oesophagus in children:
      a report of two cases.

PMID- 6831092
TI  - A six-year follow-up study of 155 children with cleft lip and palate.
AB  - A total of 155 consecutive cases from three "Six-year-old follow-up clinics" have
      been reviewed to assess the speech results in boys and girls with cleft lip and
      palate belonging to Group II (complete labio-palatal clefts) and Group III
      (varying degrees of posterior median clefts of the palate). Clinical examination
      and assessment of speech was supplemented by X-ray-video assessment and the
      findings showed a good degree of correlation. The speech results between Group II
      and III and between the sexes are compared. Finally the extent of bone formation
      in the alveolar cleft was studied radiologically in 61 children with Group II
      clefts. Bone formation was present in 43 children, in 38 of whom a tooth had
      migrated into bone.

PMID- 6831094
TI  - A free occipital hair-bearing flap for reconstruction of the upper lip.
AB  - A free hair-bearing occipital scalp flap was employed for reconstruction of the
      upper lip in a young man who had sustained a close range shotgun blast to the
      face. The "moustache" free-flap provides an abundant source of hair-bearing scalp
      which has certain advantages over conventional techniques of repair. It is a one
      stage operation, involves minimal donor site morbidity and uses hair-bearing
      scalp which is not usually affected by male-pattern baldness.

PMID- 6831095
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna.
AB  - A number of cases of squamous carcinoma of the pinna were examined. The rate and
      pattern of metastases were established and a review of the histology carried out.
      No histological parameters could be identified at the initial resection that were
      useful in predicting the likelihood of metastases. The importance of adequate
      initial surgery is emphasised.

PMID- 6831096
TI  - De-epithelialised turn-over flaps for "salvage" operations.
AB  - Full-thickness loss of a part of a skin flap may produce a serious residual
      defect that needs additional flap cover. A de-epithelialised "turn-over" skin
      flap (Thatte, 1981; Mahler and Yanai, 1981; Thatte, 1982) fashioned from the
      surviving adjacent flap skin, can provide a simple solution to these residual
      defects. The same technique can also be effectively employed where a skin flap of
      inadequate dimensions has been transferred to an area resulting in a defect or a
      deformity due to skin shortage. Two representative cases are presented and the
      merits of the technique are discussed.

PMID- 6831097
TI  - The split sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap.
AB  - The transposition of both portions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle for the
      reconstruction of the face leaves a "flat neck deformity" which has discouraged
      many surgeons from using it in the treatment of benign cases. By splitting the
      muscle in its two portions and transposing only one, this deformity can be
      avoided. We present five cases to illustrate the versatility of the split
      sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap.

PMID- 6831098
TI  - Malignant degeneration in Madelung's disease (benign lipomatosis of the neck):
      case report.
AB  - Although not a common condition, benign lipomatosis of the neck (Madelung's
      disease) is well documented in the literature and to date we have failed to trace
      any reference to malignant change developing in this tissue. We wish therefore to
      report the case of a patient with benign lipomatosis of the neck in which
      malignant degeneration appeared after an interval of 6 years and in which this
      transformation from a benign to a malignant lesion was verified by histological
      examination.

PMID- 6831100
TI  - Mammaplasty with retention of a lower central breast segment.
AB  - This method of mammaplasty is based on the use of a lower central segment of
      breast tissue and thus differs from the inferior dermal pedicle techniques both
      in philosophy and execution. It uses breast tissue rather than skin tension to
      determine form and retains the anatomical integrity of gland-duct units and their
      connection with the nipple surface, as well as the essential innervation and
      blood supply of a normal breast. The method is applicable to both reduction
      and/or repositioning of the breasts.

PMID- 6831101
TI  - Cleft lip nose tip deformity: a tutorial dissertation.

PMID- 6831099
TI  - Self-consciousness of disproportionate breast size: a primary psychological
      reaction to abnormal appearance.
AB  - An hypothesis is proposed to answer two questions: "How do the symptoms that are
      the experience of subjects who are self-conscious of abnormal appearance
      develop?" and "Why do they develop in some people and not others?" The hypothesis
      is explained using the typical experiences of patients with disproportionate
      breast size as examples.

PMID- 6831104
TI  - British Microsurgery Society meeting: Bristol 1982. Abstracts.

PMID- 6831103
TI  - The bridge of the nose: a tutorial dissertation.

PMID- 6831102
TI  - Chin augmentation with rhinoplasty: a tutorial dissertation.

PMID- 6831105
TI  - The anaesthetic management of patients undergoing free flap transfer.
AB  - The anaesthetic management of patients undergoing free flap transfer is discussed
      in the light of experience over a 4-year period. There is no single magical
      factor responsible for the success of this type of operation. But as the whole
      team has gained experience over the last 6 years, the incidence of vessel spasm
      and/or occlusion has been greatly reduced and at present is rare. It is therefore
      unusual for our patients to return to the operating theatre for re-exploration of
      the free flap that has developed ischaemia.

PMID- 6831107
TI  - The medicinal leech and its use in plastic surgery: a possible cause for
      infection.
AB  - Recent interest in the use of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) in
      microsurgical practice prompted us to undertake a bacteriological study.
      Aeromonas hydrophila was consistently cultured from 9 leeches that we examined.
      This organism is pathogenic to man and we consider that there is a significant
      risk of infection, particularly in those procedures where the vascularity of the
      tissues is compromised. There are several pharmacological preparations which have
      similar properties to the secretion of the medicinal leech and we submit that
      these non-infective preparations may be worthy of investigation.

PMID- 6831106
TI  - Avulsion of the scalp treated by microvascular repair: the use of leeches for
      post-operative decongestion.
AB  - A 28-year-old fitter and turner was scalped at work. The scalp was avulsed from
      the nuchal area to the eyebrows in one piece. It was successfully replanted by
      microvascular surgery. Leeches were used to decongest the flap when venous
      drainage appeared inadequate during the first week. Only a small part of the flap
      eventually failed to survive and normal hair growth returned in all other areas.

PMID- 6831108
TI  - Inverted papilloma of the nose: an unusual cause of a medial canthal mass.
AB  - Inverted papillomata usually rise from the mucosa of the nose and/or sinuses and
      present with signs and symptoms indistinguishable from those produced by ordinary
      nasal polyps. This benign neoplasm rarely arises from the nasolacrimal system or
      presents as an external mass. A case is described that demonstrated both these
      rare features. It is being reported to draw attention to the existence of this
      type of tumour and to illustrate its characteristic tendency to local recurrence.
      A brief review of the literature is given together with a recommended surgical
      approach.

PMID- 6831109
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma arising in tattoos: a clinical report of two cases.

PMID- 6831110
TI  - Multiple primary melanoma in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - A case is reported of three primary superficial spreading melanomas presenting in
      one patient in the space of 12 months. On each occasion the patient was pregnant
      at the time of definitive treatment. Local excision was performed for each tumour
      on the basis that this is appropriate for melanomas of less than 0.76 mm in depth
      (Breslow, 1975). The second primary had been biopsied between pregnancies and
      reported as benign. It is difficult to escape the inference that, in this
      patient, initiation of malignant transformation during pregnancy was not
      coincidental.

PMID- 6831111
TI  - Otoplasty: something old, something new. Reconstruction of the external ear using
      fresh cadaver homograft ear cartilage and a sternomastoid myocutaneous flap.
AB  - By combining the very old concept of using fresh cadaver homograft ear cartilage
      with the more modern idea of a musculo-cutaneous flap, a new ear has been
      constructed for a patient who was considered unsuitable for standard
      reconstructive procedures. The early cosmetic result appears satisfactory and the
      patient's hearing has been significantly improved.

PMID- 6831112
TI  - Ethanol produces coronary vasospasm: evidence for a direct action of ethanol on
      vascular muscle.
AB  - The effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on basal tension of canine small and
      large coronary arteries were examined in vitro. Ethanol in a concentration as
      little as 8.5 mM can induce threshold contractions of coronary arteries. High
      concentrations of ethanol produce concentration-dependent coronary vasospasms
      equivalent to those induced by supra-maximal concentrations of KCl. Acetaldehyde
      (10(-5) to 10(-2)M) resulted in concentration-dependent relaxation of basal tone.
      Use of a variety of pharmacological antagonists (i.e., phentolamine,
      methysergide, diphenhydramine, metiamide, propranolol and indomethacin) did not
      attenuate or prevent the spasmogenic actions of ethanol. These findings could
      help to explain why alcohol can induce cardiac depression, arrhythmias,
      cardiomyopathy and the higher than normal incidence of sudden death observed in
      'binge' drinkers.

PMID- 6831114
TI  - Modification of potassium-evoked release of noradrenaline by various ions and
      agents.
AB  - 1 Release of noradrenaline (NA) from isolated spleen slices of the cat by high
      K(+) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) was investigated. Studies were conducted with
      spleen slices whose tissue stores were prelabelled with [(3)H]-noradrenaline
      ([(3)H]-NA).2 Release by high K(+) was related to the K(+) concentration of the
      incubation medium. Release of [(3)H]-NA by 28.5 mM K(+) was only barely
      detectable over the background, while 70 mM K(+) enhanced release to more than
      600% of the background output. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) did not block responses to 28.5
      or 35 mM K(+).3 Background release was not modified by 1 or 3 mM TEA, but 10 and
      30 mM TEA enhanced the release of [(3)H]-NA by about 50% and 150%, respectively,
      over the background level. Neither TTX nor hexamethonium (C(6)) blocked the TEA
      response. Release by TEA was also not blocked in Ca(2+)-free medium or in Ca(2+)
      free medium containing up to 3 mM EGTA. Release by TEA was blocked in Ca(2+)-free
      medium containing 5 mM EGTA, and by La(3+) or Mn(2+).4 The response to 35 mM K(+)
      was not modified by 1 or 3 mM TEA; 10 mM TEA had an additive effect; and 30 mM
      TEA with 35 mM K(+) produced a response which was greater than the simple sum of
      responses to 35 mM K(+) and 30 mM TEA. At 45 mM K(+), 3 and 10 mM TEA potentiated
      the response, and at 30 mM K(+) only 1 mM TEA showed potentiation. TTX did not
      alter the response to high K(+) plus TEA.5 When TEA (30 mM) was added during
      prolonged incubation with 140 mM K(+), the response was only slightly enhanced.
      This suggests that a large part of the secretory response to TEA is mediated
      through mobilization of Ca(2+) activated by depolarization.6 Phenoxybenzamine
      (3.3 muM) potentiated responses to 35 and 140 mM K(+) by about 50%, and TTX did
      not influence this potentiation. Acetylcholine (ACh) blocked responses to 28.5
      and 35 mM K(+), and 1 mM TEA antagonized this ACh blockade.7 In the perfused
      adrenal gland of the cat, the secretory response to TEA was related to its
      concentration. The response was not diminished by low Na(+), TTX, or C(6), but
      was markedly attenuated when TEA was applied 10 min after the start of perfusion
      with high K(+).

PMID- 6831113
TI  - Uptake and stimulus-evoked release of [3H]-gamma-aminobutyric acid by myenteric
      nerves of guinea-pig intestine.
AB  - 1--Following preloading with [3H]-gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]-GABA), in the
      presence of beta-alanine to inhibit glial uptake of the label, electrical
      stimulation caused a frequency-dependent release of tritium as [3H]-GABA from
      isolated longitudinal-muscle myenteric-plexus preparations of the guinea-pig
      ileum and colon. 2--The electrically evoked efflux of [3H]-GABA was Ca2+
      dependent, virtually abolished by preventing neuronal conduction with
      tetrodotoxin, and markedly reduced by preloading with [3H]-GABA in the presence
      of nipecotic acid which is an inhibitor of high affinity GABA-uptake. Veratridine
      and KCl were less effective than electrical stimulation in evoking [3H]-GABA
      release. 3--It is concluded that the electrically stimulated efflux of [3H]-GABA
      originated from GABAergic neurones of the myenteric plexus which had taken up the
      label. 4--These results provide further evidence to support the suggestion that
      GABA is a transmitter in the mammalian enteric nervous system.

PMID- 6831115
TI  - Responsiveness of platelets and coronary arteries from different species to
      synthetic thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues.
AB  - 1--Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from humans, cats, dogs (after addition of 10
      microM adrenaline), rabbits and guinea-pigs aggregated in response to sodium
      arachidonate or 9,11-azo-prostaglandin H2, while PRP obtained from sheep was
      unresponsive to either agent. 2--The stable thromboxane (Tx) analogues,
      carbocyclic TxA2 (CTA2) and pinane TxA2 (PTA2) significantly inhibited these
      aggregatory responses in platelets from humans, dogs and guinea-pigs, while PTA2
      but not CTA2 produced significant inhibition in cat platelets. The aggregatory
      response of PRP from rabbits was not significantly blocked by either analogue. 3-
      CTA2 and the endoperoxide analogue 9,11-methanoepoxy PGH2 (U-46619) constricted
      coronary arteries from cats, dogs, rabbits and guinea-pigs, while sheep vessels
      were unresponsive to either analogue. 4--Vasoconstrictor responses to U-46619
      were significantly attenuated by PTA2 in vessels from all species. However,
      constriction produced by CTA2 was blocked significantly only in vessels from
      cats, dogs and guinea-pigs. 5--These results demonstrate the species differences
      which exist in the responsiveness of platelets and coronary arteries to
      thromboxane and endoperoxide analogues. Furthermore, the results illustrate the
      importance of species selection in the study of thromboxane antagonists for
      potential therapeutic use.

PMID- 6831116
TI  - Theophylline-induced potentiation of the antinociceptive action of baclofen.
AB  - 1--Theophylline (35, 50 mg/kg) potentiated the antinociceptive action of
      intraperitoneally administered baclofen in the tail flick and hot plate tests.
      Potentiation was most marked when the pretreatment time was 1 h, but some
      potentiation was still apparent following a 2 h pretreatment. 2--Theophylline
      alone (50 mg/kg) produced only slight alterations in reaction latency in the two
      tests. 3--When baclofen was applied directly into the spinal subarachnoid space,
      a 1 h pretreatment with theophylline produced minimal effects, but a 2 h
      pretreatment produced an increase in the antinociceptive action of baclofen. 4-
      These results suggest that theophylline can potentiate the antinociceptive action
      of baclofen by actions at both supraspinal and spinal sites.

PMID- 6831118
TI  - The effect of atenolol on the spontaneous and reflex activity of the sympathetic
      nerves in the cat: influence of cardiopulmonary receptors.
AB  - 1 Atenolol reduces sympathetic efferent discharge and attenuates the responses of
      the sympathetic nerves to changes in blood pressure. The present experiments were
      carried out to determine whether these changes were mediated by cardiopulmonary
      receptors whose afferents lie in the vagal nerves.2 Cats were anaesthetized with
      alpha-chloralose and artificially ventilated. In one group of cats recordings
      were made of sympathetic efferent discharge from few-fibre preparations from the
      lumbar trunk, splanchnic or renal nerves over a range of blood pressures. In a
      second group of cats changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to
      bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries were investigated. In all cats
      the influence of vagal afferent fibres was removed by cooling both vagal nerves
      in the neck, both before and after administration of atenolol (3 mg kg(-1)
      i.v.).3 Cooling both vagal nerves produced significant increases in blood
      pressure, heart rate and spontaneous sympathetic efferent discharge but did not
      affect the relationship between sympathetic efferent discharge and mean blood
      pressure or the responses to carotid occlusion. Atenolol significantly reduced
      blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic efferent discharge but the change in
      sympathetic efferent discharge on vagal cooling was less than before giving the
      drug. Atenolol also attenuated the reflex responses of the sympathetic nerves to
      changes in blood pressure and reduced responses to carotid occlusion. This
      attenuation was not removed by vagal cooling.4 Thus, neither the reduction in
      spontaneous sympathetic efferent discharge nor the attenuation of the
      baroreceptor reflex seen after atenolol, are due to an increased input to the
      brain from vagal afferent fibres. Other possible mechanisms whereby atenolol
      might exert its effects on the sympathetic nerves are discussed.

PMID- 6831117
TI  - Calcium antagonist and the peripheral circulation: differences and similarities
      between PY 108-068, nicardipine, verapamil and diltiazem.
AB  - 1 The effects of two dihydropyridines, PY 108-068 (PY) and nicardipine (N), and
      two other calcium antagonists, verapamil (V) and diltiazem (D), on regional blood
      flow were measured in open-chest cats, anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane.2
      Each substance was infused at 3 different dose rates, each for 10 min. The total
      doses given were 5 plus 10 plus 35 (total of 50) mug/kg for PY, 10 plus 70 (total
      of 100) mug/kg for N and 100 plus 200 plus 700 (total of 1000) mug/kg for V and
      D.3 All substances lowered blood pressure and increased total peripheral
      conductance. Heart rate was lowered only by V, D and PY. Cardiac output was
      markedly increased only by the diyhydroypridine derivatives; D had small and V
      almost no effects.4 All substances increased coronary flow and redistributed it
      in favour of the subepicardial layer. All substances also increased blood flow to
      the brain. The effects of verapamil were comparatively small.5 Skeletal muscle
      flow was increased strongly by the two dihydropyridine derivatives. D and V had
      negligible effects.6 Blood flow to stomach and small intestine was only slightly
      increased. Flow to the kidneys increased slightly in diltiazem-treated animals
      but did not change with all other treatments. Flow to the liver, the adrenals,
      and the spleen remained unchanged or showed a tendency to decrease.7 The organ
      conductances which reflect the active changes in vascular tone better than blood
      flow values, showed that there was a tendency towards vasodilatation even in most
      organs where blood flow tended to decrease.8 Results obtained in an earlier
      series of experiments with nifedipine were very similar to those described here
      for N, except that nifedipine was about twice as potent.9 Calcium antagonists
      were thus neither general peripheral vasodilators nor did they show a uniform
      pattern of preferential sites of action. The most important common features were
      increases in coronary and cerebral blood flow and the most important differences
      the divergent effects of the dihydropyridines on one side and V and D on the
      other side on skeletal muscle flow. The size of this vascular bed may help to
      explain why dihydropyridines appear to be particularly potent as peripheral
      vasodilators.

PMID- 6831119
TI  - Stereospecific enhancement of evoked release of brain acetylcholine by narcotic
      antagonists.
AB  - 1--Electrical stimulation of nerves in the forepaw of anaesthetized rats caused
      an increase in the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the cerebral cortex in
      vivo. Actions of naloxone (Nal) enantiomers and naltrexone (Ntx) were tested on
      this release in normal animals and those lacking pituitary gland for 3 weeks. 2-
      In normal animals systemic administration of (-)-Nal or Ntx, but not (+)-Nal
      caused a significant increase in the evoked release of ACh. Spinally administered
      (-)-Nal did not produce this effect. Cortical application of (-)-Nal produced a
      smaller increase in the evoked release of ACh. 3--In hypophysectomized rats the
      stimulatory action of (-)-Nal or Ntx on ACh release was significantly reduced.
      The ability of (-)-Nal to reverse inhibitory action of morphine or the enkephalin
      (FK 33,824) was not affected by hypophysectomy. 4--It is suggested that (-)-Nal
      and Ntx increase the stimulated release of cortical ACh by blocking the
      inhibitory action of an endogenous opioid at a subcortical site. An intact
      pituitary appears essential for a full expression of the Nal effect on evoked ACh
      release.

PMID- 6831121
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy and complaints of memory dysfunction: a prospective
      three-year follow-up study.
AB  - Self-reports of memory problems have been evaluated prospectively in depressed
      patients receiving bilateral ECT or unilateral ECT, and in depressed patients
      receiving treatments other than ECT. Depressed patients did not complain of poor
      memory at seven months after hospitalization. Compared to bilateral ECT, right
      unilateral ECT was associated with only mild memory complaints. At three years
      after treatment approximately one-half of the persons who had received bilateral
      ECT reported poor memory. These reports seemed to be influenced by three factors:
      (1) recurrence or persistence of conditions that were present before ECT; (2) the
      experience of amnesia initially associated with ECT and a subsequent tendency to
      question if memory had ever recovered; and (3) impaired memory for events that
      had occurred up to six months before treatment and up to about two months
      afterwards.

PMID- 6831120
TI  - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. 5th-7th January, 1983.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 6831122
TI  - Epidemic psychoses, or epidemic koro?

PMID- 6831125
TI  - Cushing's syndrome and depression--a prospective study of 26 patients.
AB  - Of 26 patients with active Cushing's syndrome assessed before and at three and 12
      months after treatment, 21 had pituitary-dependent disease. Median urinary free
      cortisol values (per 24 hours) were 680, 180 and 200 nmol at zero, three and 12
      months (normal less than 270 nmol), with significant improvement (P less than
      0.001) at three and 12 months. Depression on the Hamilton rating scale was
      significantly less at three months (P less than 0.01) and at 12 months (P less
      than 0.001). We have already demonstrated that some patients with Cushing's
      syndrome have PSE diagnoses of depression and are more depressed than patients
      with other pituitary tumours. This is the firmest evidence to date that when
      Cushing's syndrome occurs it commonly causes depressive illness.

PMID- 6831124
TI  - Electric shock hazards for operators of ECT equipment.

PMID- 6831126
TI  - Changes in the sentencing of diminished responsibility homicides.
AB  - The majority of men convicted of manslaughter by reason of diminished
      responsibility used to receive hospital orders, but are now receiving prison
      sentences. A sample of offenders convicted between 1966 and 1977 was studied to
      see the reasons for the change. It was found that the make-up of the offender
      population did not change materially over the period, nor did the willingness of
      judges to make hospital orders. What changed was the pattern of treatment
      recommendations made by the examining doctors in their court reports.

PMID- 6831128
TI  - An inverse correlation between spontaneous eye-blink rate and platelet monoamine
      oxidase activity.
AB  - An inverse correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and
      spontaneous eye-blink rate, a putative measure of central dopaminergic activity,
      was found in medication-free chronic schizophrenic patients without tardive
      dyskinesia (n = 20, rs = -.47, P less than .025). A similar correlation was found
      when patients with tardive dyskinesia were included but was weaker (n = 27, rs = 
      .35, P less than .05). Normal controls and patients with tardive dyskinesia did
      not demonstrate this relationship. This report confirms a previous finding of a
      significant platelet monoamine oxidase-blink rate correlation in chronic
      schizophrenic patients. Insofar as this relationship is mediated by dopamine, it
      suggests that dopaminergic relations are more readily demonstrated in
      schizophrenic subjects than normals. Moreover, tardive dyskinesia appears to
      obscure this dopaminergic relationship.

PMID- 6831130
TI  - Phoneme discrimination in schizophrenia.
AB  - Ear differences on a task involving a simple phonetic judgement were investigated
      in schizophrenic subjects using both healthy normal and depressed patient control
      groups. A deficit in phonemic differentiation was demonstrated and appeared to be
      specific to the schizophrenic group. The result is interpreted as supporting the
      hypothesis of a central dysfunction lateralized to the left hemisphere in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6831127
TI  - Suggestibility, intelligence, memory recall and personality: an experimental
      study.
AB  - A new suggestibility test, potentially useful in the context of police
      interrogation, was administered to 45 subjects who also completed the Wechsler
      Adult Intelligence Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
      Suggestibility was significantly related to low intelligence, poor memory recall,
      neuroticism and social desirability.

PMID- 6831123
TI  - EEG monitoring of ECT.

PMID- 6831129
TI  - The relationship between auditory hallucinations and spontaneous fluctuations of
      skin conductance in schizophrenia.
AB  - A sample was collected of schizophrenic patients exhibiting nonverbal signs of
      intermittent auditory hallucinations. A video-tape record was made for each of a
      session, during which the patient's skin conductance was monitored. Independent
      raters achieved reasonable agreement on the onset of periods of hallucinatory
      activity, as judged from non-verbal signs. The skin conductance tracing was
      scored independently for spontaneous fluctuations. In the 10 patients with
      satisfactory records the onset of hallucinatory periods was significantly (P less
      than 0.01) associated with a rise in the spontaneous fluctuation rate.

PMID- 6831131
TI  - Response of phobic patients to direct computer assessment.
AB  - Computerized assessment which is objective, standardized and easily repeated has
      been shown to be acceptable to general psychiatric patients. Fifty-three subjects
      (43 phobics and 10 normals feigning phobias) showed no unusual apprehension in
      approaching this novel procedure; all were able to complete the computer
      interview. Furthermore, half of them claimed that they found the interview more
      acceptable and found it easier to communicate with the computer than with a
      clinician. Only nine patients preferred the clinician. The reasons for this are
      discussed.

PMID- 6831132
TI  - Accuracy of behavioural assessment by computer.
AB  - An automated assessment interview was given by a microcomputer to 26 randomly
      selected patients, referred for treatment of phobias. The results were compared
      with those of conventional clinical assessment by experienced behaviour
      therapists. Ratings of overall severity and intensity of specific types of
      agoraphobia and social phobia were derived from the computer interview, and
      correlated very closely with global ratings by the clinician and also with an
      independent structured clinical assessment. The computer also elicited
      behavioural targets to serve as a basis for exposure treatment. Blind assessors
      rated these targets as highly as those arrived at by clinicians in respect of
      their practicability, precision and appropriateness for treatment. The automated
      technique is inexpensive, saves clinicians' time and can be made widely available
      for screening, assessment and progress monitoring. It may also provide a basis
      for automated exposure treatment.

PMID- 6831133
TI  - Long-term effects of treatment in a pre-school day centre: a controlled study.
AB  - A five-year follow-up of 25 children who attended a psychiatric day centre for
      pre-school children is described. This group was compared at eight years of age
      with two matched control groups who had not received intensive treatment. There
      were few differences between the treated and untreated groups. Possible reasons
      for the findings are discussed and some methodological issues involved in
      carrying out evaluation studies are raised.

PMID- 6831134
TI  - Father-son resemblances in aggressive and antisocial behaviour.
AB  - At a child psychiatry clinic 122 boys were scored on scales of aggressiveness,
      noncompliance and antisocial behaviour. Their biological fathers were scored on
      aggressiveness and antisocial behaviour. The fathers' scores were modestly but
      significantly correlated with those of their sons. The correlations were also
      computed separately for the 64 boys whose biological fathers were no longer in
      the home and for the 58 whose fathers had stayed. Father-son resemblances for the
      latter group were considerably higher than those observed in the whole sample,
      and for the father-absent group were insignificant.

PMID- 6831135
TI  - Epidemic hysteria in a Zambian school: "the mysterious madness of Mwinilunga".
AB  - The authors were sent to Mwinilunga from Ndola to investigate what was reported
      to the local press as "mysterious madness". The condition was actually an
      outbreak of epidemic hysteria which was triggered off by a group of girls who
      were having educational and emotional problems prior to the epidemic. A change in
      the administrative policy of rigidly segregating the sexes apparently prepared an
      emotionally charged background for the rapid spread of the illness. The salient
      features and management of the epidemic are discussed.

PMID- 6831137
TI  - The use of ward support by psychiatric patients in the community.
AB  - A system of ward support for chronic psychiatric patients in an urban community
      is described, which makes available ward and staff facilities throughout the 24
      hours and at weekends. Details are given of a group of 41 patients using this
      facility over a period of six months. Two types of use of the ward were
      identified, based on the amount of social interaction with other staff and
      patients. The 'unengaged', with a high rate of visits, were mainly schizophrenic
      patients with an early first onset of illness and currently a scanty social
      network (small primary group and often no confidant). The 'engaged', with a lower
      rate of visits, were people with a later onset and a larger social network.

PMID- 6831138
TI  - Neuroleptic-induced catatonic symptoms.

PMID- 6831140
TI  - Letters and shapes: developmental changes in search strategies.
AB  - In search tasks that are otherwise identical, adults process strings of letters
      differently from strings of other shapes (Hammond & Green, 1982). This result has
      implications for word recognition and reading, and it is important to establish
      its developmental sequence. Two groups of primary school children and an adult
      control group completed a similar visual search task: determining whether a
      predesignated target character occurred in a subsequently displayed character
      string. The mean search latency decreased with age, and the results showed a
      qualitative difference in the processing of letters and shapes for even the
      youngest group. However, the left to right processing of letter strings does
      become more established with age.

PMID- 6831136
TI  - Characteristics of child battering in Hong Kong: a controlled study.
AB  - The characteristics in Hong Kong of 37 cases of child battering and their
      families compared to a control group matched for age of child and social class of
      family revealed that the families of battered children had significantly more
      problems, with a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorder among the parents. The
      victims were usually the product of unwanted pregnancy and had been separated
      from their parents in the first year of life. In Hong Kong older children rather
      than infants were at risk of being battered. The cultural factors in operation
      are discussed.

PMID- 6831139
TI  - An experimental analysis of fearlessness and courage.
AB  - In an attempt to assess the performance under stress of people who had received
      awards for gallantry, the subjective, behavioural and psychophysiological
      reactions of a group of seven decorated bomb-disposal operators were measured
      during a conflict test. Compared to a group of seven equally experienced and
      successful, but non-decorated, bomb-disposal operators, the decorated subjects
      maintained a lower cardiac rate when making difficult discriminations under
      threat of shock. There were no differences between the groups on subjective
      reactivity or on their performance under stress. Both groups of bomb-disposal
      operators reported having experienced fewer fearful reactions than did a small
      number of comparison subjects. The implications of the results for theories of
      fear and of courage are considered.

PMID- 6831142
TI  - The relationship between orienting tasks and the structure of memory traces-
      evidence from false recognition.
AB  - This article reports two experiments in which the pattern of false recognition is
      examined following incidental learning involving either semantically or non
      semantically oriented processing tasks. Experiment 1 demonstrates that more false
      recognitions were made to semantic as opposed to non-semantic distractors when
      the initial orientation was semantic whilst the reverse was found when initial
      orientation was non-semantic. Experiment 2 replicates this effect and, in
      addition, shows that false recognition rates to completely unrelated distractors
      were significantly lower than those made to distractors related to the
      unspecified dimension in both semantic and non-semantic orienting conditions. The
      results are seen as supporting the basic assertion of the levels of processing
      approach by demonstrating that tasks ostensibly addressed to different processing
      domains give rise to memory traces that differ qualitatively in structure. The
      results of Expt 2, however, suggest that orienting tasks do not wholly restrict
      processing to the dimension specified by their overt demands. The failure of some
      earlier studies to demonstrate a clear relationship between initial orienting
      task and the pattern of false recognition responses is attributed to
      methodological problems.

PMID- 6831141
TI  - Hand preference and skill in 115 children of two left-handed parents.

PMID- 6831143
TI  - The influence of trait and physical-feature-based orienting strategies on aspects
      of facial memory.
AB  - This paper describes a series of incidental learning experiments in which facial
      memory is assessed following either a 'connotative feature' task (how likable is
      this person?) or a 'distinctive feature task' (what is the most prominent
      physical feature of this face?). Subjects saw each target face in a different
      environmental setting (e.g. pub, carpark) and their memory was tested in two
      ways: an old/new recognition test, in which each target face was presented in
      mugshot form (i.e. devoid of the original context), and a second context recall
      or recognition test in which subjects' ability to remember the environmental
      context in which each face had appeared was examined. The results showed five
      important findings: (1) subjects performed the connotative task significantly
      faster than the distinctive features task; (2) recognition accuracy measured in
      various ways was identical in the two orienting conditions; (3) recognition
      latencies to targets and distractors in the yes/no recognition test were
      significantly faster following connotative processing; (4) recognition latencies
      to target faces presented in context during learning were significantly faster
      than targets initially presented devoid of context following connotative
      processing but not following distinctive features orientation; and (5) context
      recall and recognition were significantly and substantially higher following
      connotative processing. These data are discussed in terms of Winograd's (1981)
      assertion that connotative and physical-feature-based orienting tasks induce the
      same type of encoding.

PMID- 6831144
TI  - Radiation effects on DNA. The Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture, April 1982.

PMID- 6831145
TI  - The role of computed tomography in the detection of bone metastases in breast
      cancer patients.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of bone was carried out in 20 patients with breast
      cancer, all of whom had abnormal radionuclide uptake on skeletal scintigrams but
      normal conventional radiographs. Twenty-eight sites were examined and 13 showed
      metastases in 11 patients. Five of these patients had no evidence of extra
      skeletal recurrent disease. Follow-up at eight of these sites showed healing,
      sclerosis or progression, all of which correlated well with clinical findings. CT
      showed benign causes of radionuclide accumulation in three patients (7 sites) but
      no abnormality in six patients (8 sites). None of these patients has subsequently
      developed bone metastases. CT is superior to conventional radiographs in the
      diagnosis of skeletal metastases and should be carried out when skeletal
      scintigraphy is positive and conventional examinations are normal.

PMID- 6831146
TI  - The appearances on computed tomography after abdominoperineal resection for
      carcinoma of the rectum: a comparison between the normal appearances and those of
      recurrence.
AB  - Computed tomography is well recognised as a means of showing recurrent tumour in
      patients who have undergone abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the
      rectum. The appearance of recurrent tumour has to be distinguished from that of
      normal postoperative fibrous tissue. To define the normal postoperative
      appearances CT was carried out on 15 patients at various intervals up to 18
      months after the operation. All the patients were clinically free of recurrence
      at the time of the scan and for at least six months afterwards. The appearances
      were compared with those in 19 patients who had local recurrence at the time of
      scanning. The normal appearances are outlined, pitfalls in diagnosis are
      described and points of differentiation between the normal appearance and
      recurrent tumour are discussed.

PMID- 6831147
TI  - Gallium 67 scanning in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Gallium 67 scans were performed on both knees of 38 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. There was a significantly higher level of 67Ga accumulation in those
      knees with clinically active synovitis (p less than 0.001). Synovial white cell
      concentration was also elevated in the group with active synovitis. The white
      cell concentration correlated with the 67Ga knee/femoral ratio at the p less than
      0.001 level. 67Ga activity in the synovial fluid was predominantly in the
      supinate and activity was also present in the synovium. The findings indicate
      that 67Ga uptake occurs in rheumatoid joints and reflects the degree of synovial
      inflammation.

PMID- 6831148
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix--anaemia, radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - Further analyses of the material contained in trials of the hyperbaric oxygen
      chamber in the radiotherapy of carcinoma of the cervix have shown that patients
      who were severely anaemic prior to radiotherapy, and who required blood
      transfusion, showed very poor local tumour control when conventionally treated
      after transfusion, but very good local tumour control when treated in hyperbaric
      oxygen. The finding of a special sub-group where hypoxia would seem to be an
      important cause of radiation failure, and where hyperbaric oxygen was successful
      in overcoming it, may have importance in the evaluation of other methods for
      overcoming the hypoxia, including the use of chemical sensitising agents.

PMID- 6831151
TI  - Vascular complications following hip replacement.

PMID- 6831150
TI  - Influence of thermotolerance on the interaction between hyperthermia and
      radiation in a solid tumour in vivo.
AB  - The influence of thermotolerance (i.e. a temporary resistance to a subsequent
      heat treatment induced by prior heating) on the response of a C3H mouse mammary
      carcinoma to combined water-bath hyperthermia and radiation was investigated.
      Prior heating at 43.5 C for 30 min induced thermotolerance which was at a maximum
      16 h later and had completely disappeared after 120 h. Prior heating reduced
      tumour response to simultaneous heat and radiation given 16 h later, as evidenced
      by a reduction from 5.1 to 3.3 in the thermal enhancement ratio (TER). The effect
      was lost by 120 h. This indicates that development of thermotolerance reduces the
      degree of thermal radiosensitisation. However, although the time course was the
      same, the prior heating effect on the combined treatment was smaller than on the
      resistance to heat alone. With sequential treatment, the tumours were treated
      with X rays (28 Gy) followed four hours later by a two-dose heat treatment at
      43.5 degrees C, the first for 30 min and the second after an interval of 0, 16 or
      120 h. With this treatment thermotolerance fully manifested itself. It was
      necessary to increase the duration of heating when applied 16 h after prior
      heating by a factor of 5.4 to cause a TER of 2.0, a value not significantly
      different from the expected value of 5.2, i.e., the thermotolerance ratio for
      heat alone.

PMID- 6831149
TI  - RBE values for colo-rectal injury after caesium 137 gamma-ray and neutron
      irradiation. I. Single doses.
AB  - Colo-rectal damage in mice has been assessed after caesium gamma irradiation and
      3 MeV neutrons given as single doses. Several assays were used, including body
      weight changes, faecal deformity and lethality. Dose response curves have been
      constructed for each assay at different times after irradiation, ranging from 10
      days to 16 months. The data have been analysed in terms of the time course of
      expression of damage and the RBE for neutrons. An initial loss of weight at 10-20
      days was presumably related to epithelial denudation, but a dose-dependent weight
      reduction (compared with controls) persisted over the animal's life span. Mice
      died progressively after localised pelvic gamma irradiation; there was no sharp
      demarcation between an early and late phase of lethal injury. Death resulted from
      intestinal stricture or stenosis. The time course for lethality was qualitatively
      different after neutrons, with little progression of damage between 5 and 11
      months. Faecal deformity was detectable as a higher proportion of small pellets
      when the rectum became constricted by fibrosis. No significant faecal deformity
      was observed before 6 months after which time dose response curves could be
      obtained. The RBE for early damage (assessed at 1-3 months) was 2.2-2.7. This
      fell to 1.7-1.9 for late damage (determined at 10-15 months) over the range of
      neutron doses of 7.5-12 Gy. The need for sublethal assays allowing for sequential
      evaluation of radiation damage within the same animal is stressed, as is the need
      to compare RBE values from early and late endpoints at equivalent neutron doses.

PMID- 6831153
TI  - Proceedings of Symposium Mammographicum '82. Abstracts.

PMID- 6831152
TI  - Successful transcatheter embolic control of significant arterioportal fistula: a
      serious complication of liver biopsy.

PMID- 6831155
TI  - Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction--refinement and results.
AB  - The surgical objectives for an improved breast reconstruction are defined. In 30
      latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstructions only 1 major flap complication
      occurred. There were 7 lesser complications involving the donor wound on the back
      (n = 4), the flap (n = 2) and the mastectomy skin (n = 1). Several refinements in
      the technique provide for a more accurate replacement of the missing breast yet
      minimize complications on the back. A one-stage reconstruction (with immediate
      insertion of the prosthesis) is shown to be safe, except in the presence of
      recognizable damage to the thoracodorsal vascular pedicle. It is concluded that
      refinements in the use of the flap allow for a better breast reconstruction and
      that major complications are avoidable.

PMID- 6831154
TI  - The preoperative detection of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer by
      isotope imaging.

PMID- 6831156
TI  - Reappraisal of the 5 centimetre rule of distal excision for carcinoma of the
      rectum: a study of distal intramural spread and of patients' survival.

PMID- 6831157
TI  - Changes in iron metabolism following surgery.
AB  - Studies of iron metabolism were made in 24 patients following surgery under
      general anaesthesia. No postoperative complications occurred. There was a marked
      fall in serum iron in all patients on the first postoperative day (P less than
      0.001) which remained significantly depressed even at the seventh postoperative
      day. The total iron binding capacity fell progressively to reach the lowest
      levels on the third postoperative day, returning to normal levels by the end of
      the study. Serum ferritin concentration rose significantly in a reciprocal
      pattern to the changes in serum iron. This study highlights the limitation of
      iron studies in peripheral blood in postoperative patients.

PMID- 6831159
TI  - Bile acids and post-vagotomy diarrhoea.

PMID- 6831158
TI  - Proliferative cholangitis (cholangitis glandularis proliferans).

PMID- 6831160
TI  - Obesity surgery in a patient with the Prader-Willi syndrome.

PMID- 6831161
TI  - Simultaneous presentation of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in a father and son.

PMID- 6831163
TI  - Polyp-grasping forceps: a new design.

PMID- 6831162
TI  - Survival after portal venous gas due to mesenteric vascular occlusion.

PMID- 6831165
TI  - Rubber band ligation for the treatment of prolapsing haemorrhoids.

PMID- 6831164
TI  - Diagnosis of haemobilia by duodenoscopy.

PMID- 6831166
TI  - Psoas abscess in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6831167
TI  - The definition of critical ischemia of the lower limb and distal systolic
      pressures.

PMID- 6831168
TI  - Gastric and pancreatic rupture due to a sports injury.

PMID- 6831170
TI  - Calcium excretion (CaE) in metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - In 51 women with metastatic breast cancer calcium excretion per litre of
      glomerular filtrate (CaE) values were persistently higher in those with bone
      secondaries than in those with only soft tissue involvement despite a normal
      range of serum calcium in both groups. Measurement of CaE in 8 further patients
      who were severely hypercalcaemic as a result of their advanced breast cancer
      revealed the degree to which calcium resorption from bone secondaries and renal
      dysfunction contributed to the hypercalcaemia. Thus, in patients with breast
      cancer, CaE provides a reliable indicator of early changes of calcium
      homeostasis. It may provide an objective indication of progression of bone
      secondaries and also has important therapeutic implications in established
      hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 6831169
TI  - The reasons for persistent hypercalcaemia after cervical exploration for presumed
      primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Of 500 consecutive patients who underwent cervical exploration for presumed
      primary hyperparathyroidism, 461 (92.2 per cent) were cured, as judged by an
      immediate return of serum calcium levels to normal. Thirty-nine patients (7.8 per
      cent) had persistent hypercalcaemia after the initial operation. The clinical
      profiles, operative and pathologic findings, surgical procedures performed and
      subsequent management of these 39 patients were reviewed. At reevaluation, 4
      patients were noted to have been cured of their hyperparathyroidism. Twenty-one
      patients had persistent hyperparathyroidism: in 6, all 4 parathyroid glands had
      not been identified at the initial operation and in 15, hypercalcaemia persisted
      after the identification of 4 glands. One patient had recurrent
      hyperparathyroidism after the removal of a 720 mg adenoma and the identification
      of 3 normal parathyroid glands. Nine patients had nonparathyroid causes for the
      hypercalcaemia: 2 had occult malignant neoplasms, 6 had benign familial
      hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and 1 had immobilization hypercalcaemia. In 4
      patients the reason for the persistent hypercalcaemia remained unclear. We
      suggest a schema that may be used as a guideline in the investigation and
      management of patients with persistent hypercalcaemia after primary neck
      exploration for presumed hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6831172
TI  - An outpatient operation for the cure of primary hydrocele.

PMID- 6831173
TI  - Diagnosis and outcome of testicular torsion.
AB  - In a prospective study of 80 patients with acute testicular pain, static and
      dynamic scans of the scrotum were obtained by radionuclide imaging. Seven
      patients with acute testicular torsion were identified by gross reductions in
      isotope uptake. Enhanced uptake (indicating hyperaemia) was seen in 37 patients
      with acute epididymitis, testicular tumour or resolved torsion. Late torsion and
      some tumours demonstrated a "halo' sign, with central necrosis and a peripheral
      increase in blood supply. A group of 22 patients with previous orchidopexy for
      torsion was reviewed 2-5 years postoperatively. In 15 the previously twisted
      testis was greater than 10 per cent smaller than its opposite member and 12
      patients showed severe abnormalities of seminal analysis. Hormonal profiles were
      generally normal. Retention of testes damaged by ischaemia may risk
      autoimmunization against spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6831171
TI  - Cicatrial cancer in the South-West of England: a regional plastic surgery unit's
      experience over a 20-year period.
AB  - Historical aspects of cicatrial cancer are presented and 18 cases of cicatrial
      cancer reviewed. The incidence of cicatrial cancer is increasing, paralleling
      other skin tumours. Survival is better than many series have suggested.
      Prevention and treatment is discussed in relation to the biological behaviour of
      scars and their tumours. A high index of suspicion for chronic non-healing
      lesions in scarred areas will increase survival.

PMID- 6831175
TI  - Results of transurethral resection of the benign prostate.
AB  - This retrospective study reviews the results of 200 consecutive transurethral
      resections of prostate (TURP) for benign disease performed in two small district
      general hospitals. There was 1 postoperative death (0.5 per cent). Ninety-five
      per cent of the patients were discharged from follow-up with satisfactory
      results. Nine patients (4.5 per cent) are still under review either for
      postoperative complications or persistent symptoms.

PMID- 6831176
TI  - Oesophageal carcinoma associated with corrosive injury--prevention and treatment
      by oesophageal resection.
AB  - Six patients (5 from Kuala Lumpur and 1 from Singapore), who had a history of
      corrosive injury in late adolescence and early adult life, developed oesophageal
      squamous cell carcinoma. The association between corrosion and carcinoma was
      probably causal in 5 women who developed oesophageal cancer 25-50 years after
      corrosive injury and coincidental in a 35-year-old man with a recent history of
      corrosive ingestion. The 5 patients from Kuala Lumpur were among a series of 49
      patients treated over a 10-year period for dysphagia from corrosive injury.
      Excluding the patient with coincidental association, the 4 patients with
      corrosive-induced carcinoma represent an 8 per cent incidence of malignancy in
      the series of 49 patients. Reference is made to the safety of oesophageal
      resection in 28 patients with associated carcinoma. Oesophageal resection during
      reconstructive surgery for severe corrosive stricture would have a preventive
      role in corrosive induced carcinoma. However, these cases suggest that patients
      with relatively mild corrosive injury not requiring reconstructive surgery and
      also at risk of oesophageal carcinoma. An awareness of this risk should lead to
      earlier diagnosis of carcinoma and an increase in the number of curative
      resections.

PMID- 6831174
TI  - Torsion of testis after previous testicular surgery.
AB  - Five cases of torsion of the testis are described in which scrotal surgery
      preceded the torsion. Suggestions as to the best surgical procedure are made.

PMID- 6831177
TI  - Results of Marlex mesh abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse in 100 consecutive
      patients.
AB  - One hundred and six consecutive patients were seen between January 1973 and
      January 1982 with a circumferential full thickness rectal prolapse. One hundred
      were treated by abdominal rectopexy using a rectangular sling of monofilament
      knitted polypropylene (Marlex) mesh sutured to the sacrum and to the lateral
      ligaments of the mobilized rectum. There were only 9 men in the series and 23 per
      cent of the patients were over the age of 80 years. Sixty-seven of the patients
      gave a history of faecal incontinence. Previous unsuccessful treatment for rectal
      prolapse included a Thiersch wire or a Silastic perianal sling in 19, electrical
      therapy in 12, rectopexy with polyvinyl alcohol sponge (Ivalon) in 5 and pelvic
      floor repair in 2. There were no operative deaths following Marlex mesh
      rectopexy. Twelve patients had their operation performed under spinal anaesthesia
      because they were considered unfit for general anaesthesia. No patient developed
      a recurrent rectal prolapse, but 24 of the 67 patients who had incontinence
      experienced persistent incontinence after rectopexy (36 per cent); 10 of these
      patients subsequently had a postanal repair with good results. Rectopexy had no
      influence on anal canal pressures. Marlex mesh rectopexy is a safe and effective
      operation for rectal prolapse. It appears to be superior to other operations in
      that, so far, there has been no recurrence.

PMID- 6831179
TI  - Urachal carcinoma: two case reports and a review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases of adenocarcinoma of the urachus are reported. The tumour is rare and
      carries a poor prognosis because of lack of awareness of the condition,
      difficulty in making a preoperative diagnosis, characteristically late
      presentation and early spread.

PMID- 6831178
TI  - Assessment and management of external fistulas in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6831180
TI  - Tuberculosis of the hip with urinary fistulas--a case report.

PMID- 6831181
TI  - Clostridium difficile colitis unassociated with antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6831184
TI  - Gastroscopy precipitating an acute presentation of delayed traumatic
      diaphragmatic herniation.

PMID- 6831183
TI  - Recurrent small bowel obstruction associated with phenylbutazone.

PMID- 6831182
TI  - Small bowel fistula from a Littre's hernia.

PMID- 6831185
TI  - Late disruption of stapled oesophagojejunal anastomosis.

PMID- 6831186
TI  - Postoperative contrast study.

PMID- 6831187
TI  - Preoperative administration of bile salts.

PMID- 6831188
TI  - Prevalence of chlamydial infection in promiscuous women.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 18 (33%) of 55 women who
      admitted to two or more casual sexual contacts to one (3%) of 32 women who
      admitted to one casual contact in the preceding month. The chlamydial infections
      did not produce characteristic clinical features. Since promiscuous women are at
      high risk of acquiring chlamydial infection, they should be regarded as a
      priority group when resources for chlamydial isolation are limited.

PMID- 6831190
TI  - Postgonococcal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Case report.
AB  - Autoinoculation of the eye from a genital infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      and Chlamydia trachomatis occurred in a young girl. Patients presenting with
      genital infection and conjunctivitis should, therefore, be examined for infection
      with both organisms and treated accordingly.

PMID- 6831189
TI  - Secondary amenorrhoea associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the ovaries of a 39-year-old married
      woman who presented with secondary amenorrhoea. Treatment with doxycycline was
      given and menstruation resumed spontaneously.

PMID- 6831191
TI  - Incidence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in herpes genitalis in
      Strasbourg, France.

PMID- 6831193
TI  - Differential susceptibility of human neural cell types in culture to infection
      with herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The ability of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 Glasgow (strain 17), HSV-2 (strain
      HG52), temperature sensitive mutants and a thymidine kinase negative mutant of
      Glasgow strain 17 to produce a cytopathic effect and induce viral antigen
      expression in primary and passaged human fetal brain cells was studied. No
      difference was detected between the behaviour of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Cell-type
      specific markers and indirect immunofluorescence were used to define
      unambiguously the type of individual cells in culture. Cells characterized as
      astrocytes were present in passaged cultures. Neurons were only seen in primary
      cultures and were markedly nonpermissive for herpes simplex virus as defined by
      both cytopathic effect and antigen expression when compared with the other cell
      types. These techniques and observations are seen to have potential significance
      for a variety of clinical neurological and neurobiological studies.

PMID- 6831192
TI  - The role of cutaneous afferents in position sense, kinaesthesia, and motor
      function of the hand.
AB  - In reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation work, for decades it has been a
      basic problem for the author to discover which of the peripheral receptor systems
      provide the primary information on position, motion and degree of load
      (proprioception). At one time, joint receptors were accepted as the dominant
      source and more recently musculocutaneous receptors, whereas little attention has
      been given to cutaneous factors. A number of clinical observations, however, have
      indicated the importance of cutaneous afferents and this prompted the present
      study. There are no means of isolating the joint receptors in order to test them
      alone, but the fact that very good kinaesthesia can be present in their absence
      militates against their importance. The cutaneous and musculotendinous factors
      were therefore studied independently in the forearm and hand in test subjects,
      partly by means of an extensive nerve blocking technique, but also in experiments
      of the type devised by Gelfan and Carter (1967). The latter proved to be much
      less simple than had earlier been claimed. The results of the experiments
      indicated that no kinaesthetic information reaching conscious level could be
      shown to arise from the musculocutaneous system, whereas the cutaneous afferents
      appeared to provide the dominant input. As this system can be readily examined
      and can be moved surgically to parts in need of proprioception, the practical
      consequences are obvious. It was also observed that signals arising from skin
      that is displaced over contracting muscle bellies or moving tendons remote from
      the activated parts of the limb could constitute an important source of error,
      overlooked in earlier studies.

PMID- 6831195
TI  - Neuropsychological deficits associated with small unilateral thalamic lesions.
AB  - Neuropsychological deficits resulting from small, well demarcated, unilateral
      thalamic lesions were investigated in 13 right-handed patients. Fourteen patients
      with deep white matter lesions and 12 normal subjects served as controls. The
      performance of thalamic patients was generally worse than that of normals and
      patients with white matter lesions, although the lesions in the latter were
      significantly larger. There was no clear indication of a dichotomous
      lateralization of function at the level of the thalamus, although patients with
      left-sided lesions performed less well in almost all tests. There was some
      evidence of a rostrocaudal dichotomy, rostral thalamic lesions leading to memory
      deficits and caudal lesions to impairments of 'abstraction' and 'categorization'.

PMID- 6831194
TI  - Eye movement disorders in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.
AB  - Horizontal saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements were studied in 84 patients
      with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 21 patients with optic neuritis (ON). The MS
      patients were clinically classified as 'definite', 'probable', or 'possible';
      subclinical eye movement disorder was found in 80 per cent of the definite, 74
      per cent of the probable and 60 per cent of the possible category. Five of the ON
      patients (25 per cent) showed a subclinical eye movement deficit; these 5 were
      young patients with a recent history of ON. In a group of 27 MS patients with
      symptoms of spinal cord involvement only, 14 showed subclinical oculomotor
      disorder indicating the involvement of cerebral structures in the demyelination
      process. A study of the correlation between specific eye movement parameters and
      results of visual evoked response (VER) tests revealed that saccadic latency or
      smooth pursuit abnormalities are not correlated with prolonged VER latencies (P
      100 peak latency). This indicates that lesions beyond the primary visual pathway
      contribute substantially to both parameters of oculomotor dysfunction. A
      significant correlation was found between prolonged saccadic latency and smooth
      pursuit deficit. An explanation for this finding based on functional aspects of
      the saccadic and smooth pursuit systems and their mutual interaction is
      presented. The occurrence of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is significantly
      related to an increase of saccadic latency. This finding indicates that
      demyelination in the patients manifesting INO may not be restricted exclusively
      to one or both medial longitudinal fasciculi, but may extend to other brainstem
      structures which are functionally involved in the programming of saccades. The
      findings confirm the value of standardized objective examination of eye movements
      in the detection and clarification of subclinical lesions in the central nervous
      system of patients with an early diagnosis of MS or ON.

PMID- 6831196
TI  - Oscillopsia and retinal slip. Evidence supporting a clinical test.
AB  - A clinical bedside test for oscillopsia is described for patients suffering from
      an acute deficiency of compensatory eye movements due either to inappropriate
      pursuit eye movements or a defective vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). This test
      involves quantitative measurement of the amplitude of apparent image motion
      (oscillopsia) during head oscillations with frequencies of 1 or 2 Hz, +/- 20 deg
      amplitude. It was found that normals show no oscillopsia at 1 Hz whereas patients
      with acute disorders do. In subacute diseases of eye-head co-ordination, however,
      recordings of head and eye movements revealed a dissociation between net retinal
      slip and oscillopsia, with the magnitude of the latter being appreciably smaller
      than the former. This was interpreted as indicating a central suppression
      mechanism initiated by the acute eye movement deficiency. The results are
      discussed in terms of an inhibitory interaction between self and object motion
      perception which produces elevated thresholds for the detection of image motion.

PMID- 6831198
TI  - An experimental study of peripheral nerve regeneration after x-irradiation.
AB  - The effects of x-irradiation on peripheral nerve regeneration in the mouse were
      examined using quantitative and ultrastructural techniques. One hind limb was
      exposed to 15 or 20 Gy one day before, or 20 Gy three days after the right
      sciatic nerve was crushed. The distal sciatic and posterior tibial nerves were
      examined up to 120 days after injury. Irradiation before injury initially reduced
      the proliferation of endoneurial cells although cell numbers reached control
      levels after a few weeks. Myelination was delayed but not prevented, and after
      exposure to 20 Gy the myelin sheaths remained abnormally thin. In nerves
      irradiated after injury endoneurial cellular proliferation was severely and
      persistently reduced, and many fibres showed segmental absence of myelin.
      Internodes abutting the nonmyelinated segments were abnormally long, suggesting
      that contact with adjacent internodes may limit elongation of internodes during
      normal regeneration.

PMID- 6831197
TI  - Sensory effects of pulling or vibrating exposed tendons in man.
AB  - The role of muscle receptors in proprioception has been demonstrated in a variety
      of ways (for review see McCloskey, 1978) but is still doubted by some. One simple
      but critical experiment has produced conflicting results: when a tendon of a
      conscious subject is exposed at operation under local anaesthesia, and pulled so
      as to stretch its muscle while the joint at which the muscle acts is held still,
      the subject is claimed by some to perceive nothing (Gelfan and Carter, 1967;
      Moberg, 1972), while others claim that the subject feels that the joint seems to
      move (Matthews and Simmonds, 1974). In the present study 4 patients were studied
      while undergoing surgery at the wrist or hand under local anaesthesia, and a more
      extensive study was carried out in the laboratory on the exposed, transected
      tendon of extensor hallucis longus of one of the authors (D.I.McC.). All 4
      patients and the experimental subject detected stretches imposed on their
      muscles, and reported them as rotations of the joint or joints to which those
      muscles attach. In all cases the movements reported were in the direction of
      joint rotation that would normally stretch the muscle tested. In the experimental
      subject it was shown that stretches were detected with comparable acuity to that
      demonstrable for the detection of movements imposed on the intact toe. Also, the
      subject was able to detect, as joint movements, sinusoidal stretches of less than
      1 mm imposed on the tendon at 1 or 5 Hz. The experimental subject experienced
      illusory movements of plantar flexion of the big toe when longitudinal vibration
      at 100 Hz, 20 to 100 microns amplitude was applied. These were sometimes partly
      masked by spread of the vibration through the foot. These vibration-induced
      illusions correspond to those reported by Goodwin et al. (1972) for transverse
      vibration applied through the skin. The subject could maintain a constant tension
      through the tendon in a contraction in which his effort was held constant. If,
      during such an effort, a downward movement was imposed on the toe to which the
      tendon normally connects, or the skin on the bottom of the toe was scratched,
      achieved tension fell.

PMID- 6831200
TI  - Auditory cortex responses to sequences of normal and reversed squirrel monkey
      vocalizations.
AB  - Responsiveness of auditory cortex (AC) units of awake squirrel monkeys to a
      natural sequence of species-specific calls was not significantly different from
      their responsiveness to a reverse playback of the sequence. No dependency was
      noted between the percentage of responding units and the average intensity of
      sounds, their spectral content or their order of presentation. The effectiveness
      of the sounds in eliciting responses was variable even when the sequence was
      produced in an unchanging behavioral context. Comparison of these findings with
      earlier results of individual vocalizations presented normally or backward in an
      isolated manner suggest that responsiveness of AC neurons to continuous sounds is
      lower than their responsiveness to isolated sounds, whether natural or
      artificial.

PMID- 6831199
TI  - The enzyme histochemistry of the choroid plexus.
AB  - Although there is some evidence that extrachoroidal sites for the production of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important, the choroid plexuses in the ventricles
      contribute the major part of CSF formation. The exact mechanism for CSF
      production is not fully understood. In order to study this mechanism from the
      enzyme histochemical standpoint, the previously reported studies are reviewed, in
      addition to the authors' own electron microscopic enzyme histochemical
      observations on this tissue. The ultrastructure and enzyme biochemistry of
      choroid plexus epithelial cells are considered, together with the histochemistry
      of the following enzymes: alkaline and acid phosphatase, Mg2+-ATPase, Na+, K+
      ATPase, glucose-6-phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, adenylate cyclase,
      carbonic anhydrase, oxidoreductase, esterase, several hydrolases, and other
      enzymes. Finally, CSF formation and active transport in the choroid plexus
      epithelial cells are discussed, mainly in terms of the results of our enzyme
      cytochemical observations on Na+, K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in this
      tissue.

PMID- 6831201
TI  - Visually guided pecking in the pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - High-speed cinematography was used (1) to analyze the sequence of head movements
      made by pigeons pecking at small visual targets and (2) to determine where on the
      retina the target fell at different points in the sequence. In both key-pecking
      for food reward and normal feeding, the decision to peck the target was made
      during a head fixation that occurred over 80 mm from the surface on which the
      target was located (as measured from the center of the eyes). Once the decision
      to peck had been made, a second fixation (F2) occurred at an average distance of
      55 mm allowing the bird to calculate the size, depth, and location of the target.
      Moreover, during both fixations, the target was located in the pigeon's binocular
      field within a region corresponding to the red area of the upper temporal
      quadrant of the retina.

PMID- 6831202
TI  - Thalamic and callosal connections of the rat auditory cortex.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the relative distributions of two extrinsic
      afferent fiber systems in the rat auditory cortex as indicated by the patterns of
      specific lesion-induced degeneration evident in Fink-Heimer preparations. The
      auditory cortex consists of cytoarchitectural areas 41, 20 and 36. Lesions were
      made in the medial geniculate body (MGB) or the corpus callosum in some rats,
      while in other rats, lesions were made in both the MGB and the corpus callosum.
      Following the thalamic lesions, degenerating terminals occur throughout the
      auditory region of cortex, principally in layer IV and deep layer III, but also
      in layer VI and in the superficial part of layer I. With the exception of the
      band of degeneration in layer I, the density of the thalamic degeneration is
      uneven, such that patches of increased density of degeneration are separated by
      regions with few degenerating terminals. Following lesions of the corpus
      callosum, degenerating callosal terminals are also evident throughout the
      auditory region of cortex and they occur in deep layer I through layer III,
      superficial layer V and in layer VI. The density of the degenerating callosal
      terminals is not uniform throughout most of area 41, to the extent that there are
      radially-oriented bands of increased density which appear within the continuous
      callosal projection. Following the double lesions, degenerating terminals
      throughout the auditory region are distributed homogeneously within all cortical
      layers with the exception of deep layer V which is relatively free of
      degeneration. The results indicate that all regions within the rat auditory
      cortex are subject to both thalamic and callosal influence, although the input is
      not completely uniform, for the zones in layers IV and VI which have decreased
      thalamic input appear to have increased callosal input.

PMID- 6831203
TI  - Motor aspects of cue-related neuronal activity in premotor cortex of the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Neurons in the premotor cortex of rhesus monkeys were studied under two
      conditions: (1) visuospatial cues were given to guide the amplitude, direction,
      and onset time of forearm movements or (2) physically identical visual cues were
      given when reward was contingent on withholding movement. Neurons with sustained
      activity following the cues were preferentially active when the cues triggered a
      movement. Thus, activity of certain neurons in this cortical field is linked to
      motor set, i.e. intention to make a movement in response to the cue, rather than
      the visual cue per se.

PMID- 6831204
TI  - Dopaminergic unit activity in freely moving cats: lack of relationship to
      feeding, satiety, and glucose injections.
AB  - The activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was recorded from
      freely moving cats during feeding and satiety, and following injections of
      glucose. At no time during feeding or in the postprandial satiety period was
      there a significant increase or decrease in firing rate of these neurons relative
      to baseline. Additionally, no change in firing rate was observed following
      injections of glucose (300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) or glucose in combination with
      insulin (300 mg/kg glucose and 0.8 units/kg insulin).

PMID- 6831205
TI  - Effects of lesions in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus on
      vasopressin and oxytocin contents in brainstem and spinal cord of rat.
AB  - The effects of lesions of the paraventricular nucleus in rat hypothalamus (PVN)
      on the vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) contents of the brainstem and spinal
      cord, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were studied. AVP decreased by 50% and 80%
      in brainstem and spinal cord of lesioned animals, whereas OT disappeared almost
      completely. Therefore, in contrast to OT, the PVN is not the only site of origin
      of AVP-containing nerve fibers projecting to the brainstem.

PMID- 6831207
TI  - Discharge characteristics of the elbow joint nerve of the cat.
AB  - Direct recordings were made from intact elbow joint nerves (EJN) in decerebrate
      cats. These multiunit recordings indicate that the EJN is a relatively pure
      articular nerve and does not contain significant numbers of muscle afferent
      fibres. In every cat the EJN exhibited a tonic discharge throughout a full range
      of elbow joint positions. The discharge was most intense when the elbow was
      extended to 165 degrees and least intense when the joint was held in midrange
      positions between 90 degrees and 120 degrees. There was a modest increase in
      discharge as the elbow was held in more flexed positions and activity at 30
      degrees was about half of that at 165 degrees. Alterations in the tone of muscles
      around the joint did not affect the adapted EJN discharge at any angle.

PMID- 6831206
TI  - Differential responses in immunoreactive arginine-vasopressin content of
      microdissected brain regions during passive avoidance behavior.
AB  - Immunoreactive arginine-vasopressin (IR-AVP) was measured in various hypothalamic
      and extrahypothalamic nuclei of male Wistar rats immediately after the 24 h
      retention test of a passive avoidance response. IR-AVP concentrations in
      paraventricular, suprachiasmatic and lateral septal nuclei were significantly
      decreased in comparison with the non-shocked rats, while IR-AVP was increased in
      the central amygdala nucleus, subfornical organ and locus coeruleus. No
      significant differences in IR-AVP levels were found in the habenular and
      periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis and
      medial and dorsal raphe nucleus.

PMID- 6831208
TI  - Intrastriatal injection of [3H]dopamine through a chronic cannula to produce
      rotation: distribution and concentration of the tracer in specific brain regions.

PMID- 6831209
TI  - A dopamine-sensitive striatal efferent system mapped with [14C]deoxyglucose in
      the rat.
AB  - Rats which had exhibited contralateral rotation following unilateral injection of
      dopamine (DA) through a striatal cannula were given 0.5 - 50 micrograms DA
      intrastriatally and then were injected with [14C]deoxyglucose peripherally to
      measure glucose utilization in the striatum and its projection nuclei.
      Quantitative autoradiographic techniques were used to measure glucose
      utilization. Brain areas which showed L-R asymmetries and changes in glucose
      utilization different from vehicle-injected animals were: the substantia nigra
      (pars compacta and pars reticulata), the subthalamic n., entopeduncular n.,
      lateral habenula, and deep layers of the superior colliculus. The globus pallidus
      was affected also, but only in one group for which the injected DA may have
      spread and affected it directly. Each of these areas receives projections from
      the striatum or is one additional synapse away. Intrastriatal injections of
      norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and procaine did not produce changes in glucose
      utilization in the striatal projection nuclei. The results support the existence
      of a DA-sensitive strionigral system to both the reticulata and compacta regions
      of the nigra, and suggest that this activity is paralleled by a strio-subthalamic
      and strio-entopeduncular-habenular system. The onset of changes in glucose
      utilization in the entopeduncular-habenular system was later than in the strio
      subthalamic and strionigral systems and correlated with the onset of rotation.
      However, data from 4 animals which did not rotate suggest that each of these
      systems is necessary but not sufficient for rotation. It is concluded that DA
      receptors in the striatum play a significant role in the effects of peripherally
      administered DA agonists on other nuclei, even though most of these other nuclei
      also have their own DA receptors.

PMID- 6831210
TI  - Action of dantrolene sodium on single motor units of cat muscle in vivo.
AB  - Dantrolene sodium, a skeletal muscle relaxant, was investigated for its action on
      single motor units of the peroneus tertius muscle in cats anaesthetized with
      pentobarbitone sodium. Motor axons were isolated in ventral root filaments and
      their muscle units were identified as either fast-fatiguable (FF), fast-resistant
      (FR), fast-intermediate (FI) or slow-resistant (S). Dantrolene sodium (2 mg/kg)
      was administered intravenously in a solution of 1,2-propanediol. Effects were
      observed on the twitches, unfused tetanic contractions and maximal tetanic
      tensions of 78 motor units in 5 experiments. Contractile tension was depressed
      whereas muscle action potentials appeared unaffected. Maximal tetani were less
      depressed than unfused tetani and twitches. The reduction of tension was more
      pronounced for fast (FF, FR and FI) than for slow units. After drug injection,
      the mean tensions developed at the end of a 3 s period of stimulation at 40/s
      were: 13.1%, 10.6% and 12.7% of pre-drug control for FF, FR and FI units,
      respectively, and 67.1% for S units. Upon prolonged stimulation at 40/s fast
      units depressed by Dantrolene sodium were able to potentiate back to their
      initial pre-drug tension.

PMID- 6831211
TI  - Brainstem connections to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the cat: a retrograde
      tracer study.

PMID- 6831213
TI  - Corticospinal neurons with a special role in precision grip.

PMID- 6831212
TI  - Anatomical localization of the cells of origin of efferent fibers in the superior
      laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves of dogs.
AB  - Using horseradish peroxidase, we identified the cells of origin of motor fibers
      in the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves of dogs. Cells giving
      rise to fibers in the superior laryngeal nerve were found in the dorsal motor
      nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus, whereas cells giving rise to fibers in the
      recurrent laryngeal nerve were found in the nucleus ambiguus and nucleus
      retroambigualis, but usually not in the dorsal motor nucleus.

PMID- 6831214
TI  - Propriospinal control of interneurons in spinal reflex pathways from tendon
      organs in the cat.
AB  - After chronic hemisection at C3, stimulation of propriospinal fibers in the
      dorsal quadrant at Th 10 facilitated disynaptic PSPs from Ib afferents in
      hindlimb motoneurons. Recording from interneurons monosynaptically activated from
      group I muscle afferents, and of extracellular focal synaptic potentials around
      them, revealed monosynaptic EPSPs from long propriospinal neurons. It is
      suggested that propriospinal neurons originating in the forelimb segments have
      direct excitatory connexions with inter-neurons of Ib reflex pathways to hindlimb
      motoneurons.

PMID- 6831215
TI  - Retrograde cell degeneration in the basal nucleus in monkey and man.
AB  - Retrograde cellular degeneration has been found in the basal nucleus of Meynert
      in macaque monkeys after large lesions of the neocortex, and in the human brain
      after either hemidecortication or leucotomy. These observations may be relevant
      to the interpretation of the cellular degeneration in the basal nucleus in
      Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 6831216
TI  - The environmental enrichment effect upon cortical growth is neutralized by
      concomitant pharmacological suppression of active sleep in female rats.
AB  - In order to examine the hypothesis that active (REM) sleep contributes to the
      enhanced brain development which is observed in rats reared under enriched
      conditions, 3 groups of female rats were assigned at 28 days after birth to
      either: (a) daily 2.5 h exposure to an enriched environment, followed immediately
      by active sleep deprivation (clonidine injection); (b) daily environmental
      enrichment plus vehicle only; or (c) daily vehicle injection, but continuous
      rearing under standard laboratory conditions. In addition, so as to control for a
      possible direct pharmacological effect upon cortical growth, another series of
      rats was chronically injected with clonidine or saline under standard conditions.
      At 65 days of age all the animals were sacrificed and the brains dissected into
      different regions for weighing. A significant increase in total brain weight
      (mainly due to a heavier cerebral cortex) was found in the enriched-saline group
      as compared with the standard-saline controls. In contrast, the enriched
      clonidine rats showed no differences from the standard-saline group. Moreover, no
      significant differences were found between clonidine- and saline-injected rats
      reared in the standard environment. The results indicate that active sleep and
      central NA activity play a role in growth-promoting effects of environmental
      stimulation upon specific brain regions.

PMID- 6831217
TI  - Comparison of the temporal profiles of vasopressin and oxytocin in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of the cat, monkey and rat.
AB  - The temporal profiles of oxytocin were examined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      of the cat and rat. Unlike the marked daily rhythm of oxytocin concentrations
      recently described in the CSF of the rhesus monkey, no daily rhythm of the
      peptide was evident in the CSF of either the cat or rat. The apparent species
      specificity of the CSF oxytocin profiles among these mammals is contrasted with
      the consistent expression of a daily rhythm of arginine-vasopressin in the CSF of
      each of the three species.

PMID- 6831218
TI  - Salmon calcitonin binding sites in rat pituitary.

PMID- 6831220
TI  - Altered catecholaminergic innervation of superior colliculus after enucleation in
      adult and neonatal hamsters.

PMID- 6831221
TI  - Effects of dopamine depletion on rotational behavior to dopamine agonists.
AB  - The contralateral rotation to various dopamine agonists was determined in rats
      with unilateral lesions of the left nigrostriatal pathway both with and without
      dopamine depletion caused by dopamine synthesis inhibition. The rotation to drugs
      possessing D-2 dopamine agonist activity alone was greatly diminished by dopamine
      depletion. In contrast, the rotation induced by drug possessing D-1 dopamine
      agonist activity (either D-1 alone or D-1 plus D-2) was affected to a much lesser
      extent by dopamine depletion.

PMID- 6831225
TI  - Penetration of neurohypophyseal hormones from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF): half-times of disappearance of these neuropeptides from CSF.
AB  - The penetration of neurohypophyseal peptides after peripheral administration into
      the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in freely moving rats. In addition, the
      clearance of these peptides from CSF was investigated. Increased concentrations
      of vasopressin (AVP) in CSF were detectable 2 min after s.c. injection of 5.0
      micrograms of this peptide. Peak concentration was reached at 5 min after
      administration and this level declined slowly over the next hour. Administration
      of 5.0 micrograms oxytocin (OXT) s.c. or i.v. resulted in increased OXT levels in
      CSF within 10 min after application. After 60 min a significant elevation of OXT
      in CSF was no longer present. These data reveal that approximately 0.002% of the
      peripherally applied amount of AVP or OXT reached the central nervous system at
      10 min after injection. AVP (2.5 ng) and OXT (5.0 ng) applied into one of the
      lateral brain ventricles reached the cisternal cavity within 2 min after
      administration. Both neuropeptides were cleared from the CSF with terminal half
      times of 26 and 19 min for AVP and OXT, respectively. The present data
      demonstrate that neurohypophyseal hormones do cross the blood-brain barrier in
      amounts obviously sufficient to induce central actions.

PMID- 6831226
TI  - Electrical properties of paraventricular neurosecretory neurons with and without
      recurrent inhibition.
AB  - Twelve out of 32 neurosecretory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of rats
      showed a silent phase following subthreshold stimulation to the posterior
      pituitary gland. After suprathreshold stimulation, the duration of the silent
      phase was significantly longer than that of the remaining 20 neurons, which did
      not show the silent phase at subthreshold stimulation. The latency and threshold
      in the former neurons were significantly longer and higher than those of the
      latter neurons. These data indicate a relationship between the recurrent
      inhibitory system and other electrical properties in the paraventricular neurons.

PMID- 6831222
TI  - Evidence that certain peripheral anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies do not
      interact with brain BuTX binding sites.
AB  - The cross-reactivity of rat brain alpha-bungarotoxin (BuTX) binding sites with
      peripheral anti-acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) polyclonal and monoclonal
      antibodies was investigated in Triton extracts of several brain areas and
      purified whole brain putative receptors using radioimmunoassays and IgG/CNBr
      Sepharose 4B immunoaffinity chromatography. The effects of the chronic
      intracerebral administration of antibodies on [125I]BuTX binding and food and
      water intake were also investigated. It was concluded that brain BuTX sites do
      not share antigenic determinants with peripheral nAChRs. Additionally, no
      evidence was found to support the suggestions that anti-nAChR antibodies affect
      food and water intake, or that chronic administration of antibodies alters
      [125I]BuTX binding in the hypothalamus of rats.

PMID- 6831223
TI  - Relative 2-deoxyglucose uptake of the paratrigeminal nucleus increases during
      hibernation.
AB  - The paratrigeminal nucleus, a little-studied cell group of the medulla, is the
      only structure of the brain to significantly increase its relative [14C]2
      deoxyglucose accumulation during hibernation in the ground squirrel. The zone of
      increased activity on the auto-radiographs is continuous between this structure
      and the marginal zone of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Because of the known
      thermoafferent function of the latter structure, a similar function is suggested
      for the paratrigeminal nucleus.

PMID- 6831224
TI  - Effect of testosterone on medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic neurone responses
      to stimulation of the lateral septum.
AB  - Electrophysiological recordings were made from medial preoptic/anterior
      hypothalamic (MPOAH) neurones which could be orthodromically excited from the
      lateral septum (LS) in gonadally intact and castrated male rats. Castration
      significantly reduced the mean percentage of MPOAH neurones which responded
      reliably to 0.6 Hz stimulation (from 81.1% to 54.1%) and this could be reversed
      by testosterone propionate (from 52.5% to 90.1%). Both in the gonadally intact
      (58.1%) and castrated (53.8%) groups these MPOAH neurones with LS inputs also had
      inputs from the contralateral fimbria (CFIMB). A further experiment investigated
      whether these MPOAH neurones responding to LS stimulation had connections with
      the arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) region or the medial forebrain bundle (MFB).
      Altogether, 23.2% projected directly into the MFB and 9.5% into the ARC/ME. A
      further 28.4% and 31.6% of these MPOAH neurones received inputs from these
      respective brain regions. A small population of MPOAH neurones were also found
      which could be driven antidromically both from the LS and the MFB. Results show
      that testosterone alters the responsiveness of MPOAH neurones to stimulation of
      the LS. Since subpopulations of these neurones project to the MFB and ARC/ME the
      effects of castration on them may reflect both changes in sexual behavior and,
      for example, gonadotropin release.

PMID- 6831227
TI  - Relations between the spontaneous firing rate and taste responsiveness of the dog
      cortical neurons.
AB  - The breadth of responsiveness and the spontaneous discharge rates of dog cortical
      neurons to 4 taste stimuli (NaCl, tartaric acid, sucrose and quinine-HCl) were
      examined and compared to thalamic neurons. Spontaneous rates were higher in the
      cortex, and there was a smaller breadth of responsiveness. There were common
      tendencies observed in both thalamus and cortex; more narrowly tuned taste
      neurons and neurons having inhibitory responses had higher spontaneous rates.
      However, as shown by across-neuron correlations, the ability of cortical neurons
      to discriminate among the 4 tastes was less influenced by the level of
      spontaneous activity than thalamic neurons.

PMID- 6831219
TI  - Chemical denervation produces supersensitivity of central serotonergic receptors
      involved in the control of TSH secretion in the rat.

PMID- 6831228
TI  - The enteric nervous system in tissue culture. I. Cell types and their
      interactions in explants of the myenteric and submucous plexuses from guinea pig,
      rabbit and rat.
AB  - This paper describes methods for removing the ganglionated myenteric and
      submucous plexuses from the mammalian gut and maintaining them as explants in
      tissue culture. A detailed account is given of cell types, their interactions and
      the development of these cultures during 5 weeks in vitro. Three major cell types
      were identified in the cultures: neurons, glial cells and fibroblasts. The
      development of the plexuses in culture was studied in detail for the myenteric
      plexus from the guinea pig taenia coli. It followed a characteristic pattern, in
      which the merging of individual ganglia into a continuous monolayer of flattened
      neurons was accompanied and followed by the formation of an extensive outgrowth
      zone of flat glial cells covered by a dense mesh of outgrowing neurites. In older
      cultures, neuronal migration resulted in the reformation of discrete and compact
      aggregates, which consisted of neurons and glial cells, and were interconnected
      by thick neurite bundles. This arrangement resembles in many ways the original
      organization of enteric nervous tissue in vivo. This is the first time the
      enteric ganglia have been freed from the gut wall and grown in culture as
      explants of nervous tissue. These preparations open many new directions for
      investigations of the largest and most complex division of the peripheral nervous
      system, including studies of the molecular nature of neuronal and glial cell
      surfaces, analysis of cell-cell interactions, trophic factors and developmental
      signals.

PMID- 6831229
TI  - Kainic acid derivatives as excitants of lateral geniculate relay neurons.
AB  - The activities of kainic acid and its derivatives alpha-ketokainic acid and
      dihydrokainic acid have been compared with L-glutamic acid as excitants of
      identified central neurons. The results are consistent with the view that the
      high activity of kainate is associated with unsaturation in the isopropylene side
      chain. It is suggested that a reduction in the lipophilic nature of the alkene
      bond may cause a concomitant reduction in excitatory potency. This is discussed
      in relation to the mechanism of receptor activation by kainic acid.

PMID- 6831230
TI  - The enteric nervous system in tissue culture. II. Ultrastructural studies of cell
      types and their relationships.
AB  - Tissue culture preparations of the myenteric plexus from the guinea pig taenia
      coli have been studied by electron microscopy. Three main cell types can be
      identified: neurons, enteric glial cells and fibroblasts. The ultrastructure of
      these cells resembles that of the same cells in situ. Neuronal processes form
      close associations with other neurons and glial cells, but not with fibroblasts.
      After extended periods in culture, neurons and glial cells form aggregates of
      cells which resemble ganglia of the myenteric plexus in situ, having a compact
      neuropil and synapses between neuronal elements. Aggregates are connected to each
      other by thick bundles of neurites. Vesicle-containing nerve profiles are common;
      the majority contain a predominance of small agranular vesicles, but some contain
      many large granular or large opaque vesicles; profiles may also contain variable
      mixtures of these kinds of vesicles.

PMID- 6831231
TI  - Medial septal lesions, radial arm maze performance, and sympathetic sprouting: a
      study of recovery of function.
AB  - Long-Evans rats received septal lesions or sham operations and were tested for
      performance in a radial arm maze, level of activity and water intake in order to
      test whether recovery of function was mediated by sprouting of peripheral
      sympathetic fibers. Animals receiving septal lesions displayed an initial deficit
      in radial arm maze performance followed by recovery. No critical changes occurred
      in activity level and no recovery was seen in water intake. Subsequent superior
      cervical ganglionectomies had no effect on recovery of radial arm maze
      performance. There was a significant relationship between behavioral recovery and
      the degree of hippocampal AChE depletion. It is concluded that recovery of radial
      arm maze performance is not mediated by sympathetic sprouting following septal
      lesions but might be mediated by residual septohippocampal fibers.

PMID- 6831233
TI  - Accumulation and metabolism of pipecolic acid in the developing brain of the
      mouse.
AB  - In newborn mice, following i.p. injections of D,L-[3H]PA (pipecolic acid, 28
      micrograms/kg), accumulation of radioactivity continues to increase up to 24 h.
      In adults, radioactivity peaks at 5 min and remains approximately constant up to
      5 h, and then declines slowly to 24 h. Fifteen-day-old mice follow the newborn
      pattern, while 30-day-old mice show the same trend as the adult. Radioactivity in
      plasma shows essentially the same pattern of accumulation in adult and newborn
      animals with some quantitative differences. Secretion of radioactivity in the
      urine is significantly higher in the adult than in the newborn during the
      interval between 10 min and 5 h. Accumulation of radioactivity at 24 h in the
      newborn brain shows a preferential localization to the olfactory bulb, the
      anterior telencephalon and the diencephalon. Two hours after the i.p. injection,
      approximately 70% of the radioactivity recovered in brain is due to PA. This
      percentage increases to 75% and 87% at 5 and 24 h respectively. Alpha-aminoadipic
      acid (alpha-Aaa) a major metabolite of PA was identified in brain extracts at 5
      h. The maximal formation of alpha-Aaa in relation to PA occurs approximately at 5
      h. No other brain metabolites of PA could be identified with this chromatographic
      system. The present results show that access of PA to the brain is easier in the
      newborn mouse than in the adult. In addition, our results demonstrate, for the
      first time, the presence of PA metabolism in the newborn mouse.

PMID- 6831232
TI  - Differential regulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors by cholinergic
      stimulation in cultured avian retina cells.
AB  - Sustained cholinergic stimulation of retina cells grown in primary aggregate and
      monolayer cultures regulated the concentration of muscarinic but not nicotinic
      receptors. Muscarinic receptor sites, quantified by the binding of
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to membranes and the binding of [3H]N-methyl
      scopolamine to intact cells, decreased up to 84% following long-term incubation
      of cultures in muscarinic agonists. This decrease was blocked by atropine and was
      not induced by chronic nicotine treatment. The rate of the muscarinic response
      was biphasic. A rapid binding decrease of 30% occurred within 15 min. The slower
      phase was half-maximal by 6 h and was complete by 24 h. Neither the fast nor the
      slow receptor loss was reversed by the guanine nucleotide GppNp. Three different
      depolarizing agents (gramicidin D, protoveratrine, and ouabain) blocked the
      cholinergic-induced receptor loss, but the hyperpolarizing ionophore valinomycin
      had no effect. In contrast to the muscarinic response, nicotinic receptor binding
      was not altered by chronic receptor stimulation. Exposure to receptor-saturating
      doses of carbamylcholine or nicotine for 48 h did not change [125I]alpha
      bungarotoxin or [3H]bromoacetylcholine binding. Differential regulation of
      acetylcholine receptors is discussed in relation to the possible physiological
      role of receptor regulation by receptor activity.

PMID- 6831234
TI  - Autoradiographic study of neurogenesis in the duck olfactory bulb.
AB  - Neurogenesis was studied in the duck olfactory bulb by injection of tritiated
      thymidine into the eggs at 53 h and at the 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th and
      18th days of incubation. The large neurons appear before the small ones: the
      mitral cells arise between embryonic day 3 (E3) and E5, the tufted cells between
      E5 and E8 and the granular cells between E12 and E14. The periglomerular cells
      could be formed after E18. The order of appearance of this 4 main neurons of the
      duck olfactory bulb is the same as that in the mouse. All the neurons, except
      maybe for the periglomerular cells, are principally formed before the hatching of
      the duckling and the olfactory sense seems to have acquired most of its principal
      functional aptitudes at this moment.

PMID- 6831235
TI  - Chronic exposure to caffeine during early development increases dendritic spine
      and branch formation in midbrain optic tectum.
AB  - Sibling juvenile jewel fish were chronically exposed to caffeine solution (14
      mg/l) between 50 and 100 days after fertilization. Some experimental animals were
      sacrificed at this time, together with control siblings reared without drugs;
      others were allowed to recover in the absence of caffeine for 18 months. Golgi
      stained preparations showed increased formation of dendritic spines on apical
      stem dendrites of pyriform tectal neurons in juveniles exposed to caffeine.
      Adults showed minimal effects on the stem dendrite, but caffeine adults formed
      more primary dendritic branches and more spines on branches than controls did.
      This study demonstrates the facilitation of neuronal growth and complexity by
      chronic administration of a chemical agent commonly present during early
      development in humans.

PMID- 6831237
TI  - Prenatal development of the optic projection in albino and hooded rats.
AB  - The development of retinofugal projections has been examined in albino and hooded
      rat embryos from embryonic day 16 to birth (E21.5). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      was injected intraocularly through the uterine wall and its anterograde transport
      revealed with TMB and DAB. The retrograde transport of HRP or the fluorescent
      dyes Nuclear yellow, Fast blue and propidium iodide from optic tract, superior
      colliculus (SC) or lateral geniculate body (LG) injections was used to
      demonstrate the origin of the projections. Superficial projections to the
      contralateral SC were first identified at E16. A light projection to the entire
      medio-lateral extent of the ipsilateral SC could be detected a day later. The
      optic axons grow over the surface of the diencephalon at E16 and it was only at
      later stages that the fibers were observed to invade successively deeper parts of
      the LG. A superficial projection to the ipsilateral LG could first be detected at
      E17. Both the ipsilateral and contralateral projections grew through the entire
      dorso-ventral extent of the lateral geniculate body: some restriction of the
      axons to their normal adult termination zones could be detected by E21. No
      difference in the distribution of projections could be detected between the
      albino and pigmented rats although the projections were lighter, and possibly
      because of this were detected later, in the albino rats. At all the ages examined
      in this study labeled retinal ganglion cells were observed in the non-injected
      eyes after injection of label into the contralateral eye. The use of persistent
      fluorescent dyes showed that these retinal ganglion cells did not survive for
      more than 5 days postnatally. The projection to the uninjected eye came
      preferentially from ganglion cells in the lower nasal retina while the
      ipsilateral central projections came predominantly but not exclusively from the
      lower temporal retina of the injected eye. It appears, therefore, that the
      initial projections of optic axons in the rat are not limited to their normal
      termination zones and that the choice of pathway at the chiasm appears to be only
      loosely controlled.

PMID- 6831236
TI  - Trophic effects of brain areas on the developing cerebral cortex: I. Growth and
      histological organization of intraocular grafts.
AB  - Trophic interactions during development of brain regions were examined in rats
      using intraocular grafts of central nervous tissue. The increase in volume of
      transplanted fetal parietal cerebral cortex, as measured through the cornea, was
      markedly augmented by the presence of several different previously grafted CNS
      areas such as locus coeruleus, tectum, or cerebral cortex. DNA measurements and
      histological examinations suggested that this increased volume was due both to
      hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Previous grafts of iris, in contrast, did not
      significantly alter the final size of subsequently grafted cortex pieces. Contact
      between the two transplants was found to be critical in eliciting the trophic
      response. Growth-stimulated cortical grafts had a better organized cyto
      architecture with larger neurons, including typical pyramidal cells, more
      neuropil, a lower cell density, and a more organotypic distribution of the cell
      bodies than non-stimulated controls. The experiments thus demonstrate a profound
      effect of adjacent neural tissue on development of neocortex. It is concluded
      that trophic interactions upon brain development can be revealed by sequential
      intraocular grafting.

PMID- 6831238
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone on the synthesis of sialosyl galactosylceramide (GM4)
      in myelinogenic cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain.
AB  - A sialyltransferase, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the myelin-associated
      sialosyl galactosylceramide (GM4) from galactocerebroside and cytidine-5'
      monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid, has been detected in primary reaggregating,
      surface adhering cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain. The
      ontogenetic profile of this enzyme in culture mimics its in vivo developmental
      pattern in that its activity could be detected only after 28 days in vitro and
      reached peak values around 48 days in vitro. Between 48 to 75 days in culture
      (oldest age studied) only a very slow increase in activity is observed. Unlike
      other myelin marker enzymes whose activities appear at an earlier time in
      development, the gene expression of the sialyltransferase responds relatively
      slowly to stimulation by triiodothyronine. However, if exposed to hypothyroid
      conditions at an early developmental age before the enzyme activity is expressed,
      little or no activity appears in latter stages of development.

PMID- 6831239
TI  - Developmental changes in the pattern of amino acid transport at the blood-brain
      barrier in rats.
AB  - Oldendorf's method has been widely used to estimate and characterize the
      transport of amino acids across the blood-brain barrier in rats. However, it
      cannot be used with very young animals. A modification of this method (retrograde
      injection into the right brachial artery, instead of orthograde injection into
      the common carotid artery) allowed the estimation of the brain uptake index of
      some amino acids in 5-, 12- and 19-day-old rats, as well as the study of self-
      and cross-inhibition and of sodium dependency. The results obtained showed that
      the pattern of transport of amino acids was different in 5-day-old and in 19-day
      old rats. In young rats, besides the presence of the L-system, which transported
      large neutral amino acids as in adult rats, the presence of another system of
      transport for neutral amino acids was strongly suggested. The activity of this
      system which transported alanine, serine, cysteine and threonine, decreased
      during development and it had many of the characteristics of the ASC system
      described by Christensen. In addition, the presence of a system of transport for
      beta-amino acids at the blood-brain barrier is suggested.

PMID- 6831240
TI  - Fibrous astrocytes and reactive astrocyte-like cells in transplants of cultured
      astrocyte precursor cells.
AB  - Mouse neopallium was disaggregated at 3 developmental stages (E15, E18, PO) and
      grown in colony cultures for 7 days. On the seventh day of culturing the colonies
      of cells were transplanted into the cerebellums of neonatal mice. After 3 weeks
      the astrocytes within the transplants were identified with GFAP immunoperoxidase
      staining and by morphometric nuclear measurements of the GFAP positive cells.
      Cultures of E15 and E18 disaggregated neopallium gave rise to typical fibrous
      astrocytes in the transplants which were similar to fibrous astrocytes in the
      cerebral white matter of adult mice. Cultures of PO disaggregated neopallium gave
      rise to reactive astrocyte-like cells in the transplants which stained intensely
      for GFAP and had nuclei significantly larger than the astrocytes in the cerebral
      white matter of adult mice and in transplants of the E15 and E18 cultures.

PMID- 6831242
TI  - DNA loss in the developing cerebellum of nervous mouse: a flow cytometric study.
AB  - Flow-cytometry of cerebellar EGL cells of nervous (nr) mouse revealed a reduction
      in DNA quantity per cell accompanied by an increase in the DNA dispersion during
      6-8 days of postnatal life. This loss of DNA is due to a partial degeneration of
      the cells of EGL during the first week of postnatal life. The surviving cells
      later on achieve a DNA content equivalent to their bone marrow cells. The flow
      cytometric technique also facilitates an early detection of the homozygous
      nervous mutant, almost 2 weeks before the clinical manifestation of the disease,
      which to date was not possible.

PMID- 6831241
TI  - Effect of serial seizures on subsequent kindling in the immature brain.
AB  - The hypothesis that seizures permanently alter the mammalian brain, making it
      more susceptible to further seizures was tested in the immature rat using the
      kindling model. Rate of kindling and final kindling stage reached was compared in
      30-day-old rats previously subjected to 4 daily electroconvulsive seizures and
      weight-matched littermate controls. There were no significant differences between
      the 2 groups. This study does not support the hypothesis that seizures increase
      susceptibility for further seizures.

PMID- 6831243
TI  - Conjugate internalization of apposed plasma membranes in mouse olfactory bulb
      during postnatal development.
AB  - Apposed plasma membranes of mitral cells and granule cell gemmules of mouse
      olfactory bulb are internalized in a conjugate fashion into mitral cell perikarya
      during postnatal development. Such conjugate internalization of plasma membranes
      occurs by way of double-walled coated vesicles (DWCVs) and becomes accelerated
      between 16 and 37 days of postnatal age. The formation of DWCVs appears to be a
      mechanism for the internalization of intercellularly adhered plasma membranes.

PMID- 6831244
TI  - Recovery of spinal cord volume in postnatal rats following prenatal exposure to
      morphine.
AB  - A previous study has shown that the spinal volume of 18-day fetal rats is
      decreased by 20% after maternal administration of morphine on gestation days 12
      18. In the present study, the volume of the first thoracic spinal cord segment
      was measured in offspring of morphine or saline-injected and pairfed dams on days
      6, 15 and 80 postnatally. The following volumes were measured within the segment:
      hemisegment, gray matter, white matter, dorsal horn, ventral horn and length. On
      the sixth day postnatally, the hemisegment, gray matter and dorsal horns are
      significantly reduced in morphine-treated and pairfed offspring. By the fifteenth
      day postnatally, only the gray/white ratio is reduced while the length of the
      segment is significantly increased in morphine-treated fetuses. The spinal
      measurements in pairfed offspring are normal by 15 days postnatally. These
      results indicate that the effect of morphine on developing spinal cord may be
      partially due to undernutrition; however, morphine causes a more pronounced and
      longer-lasting effect than undernutrition alone.

PMID- 6831245
TI  - Organotypic cultures of neural retina: neurite outgrowth stimulated by brain
      extracts.
AB  - A bioassay for the growth of retinal neurites was designed. Circular plugs 0.5
      1.5 mm in diameter were excised from the chick neural retina at embryonic day 6
      and cultured as organotypic explants on a collagen gel. After addition of medium
      or various tissue extracts cultures were incubated and the length of extending
      neurites measured. In control medium with 10% serum, neurites were sparse and
      reached less than 0.2 mm after 4 days. Extract of the optic lobe from 18-day-old
      chick embryos distinctly increased the density and length of neurites in a dose
      dependent manner reaching 1.2 mm after 4 days. A unit of outgrowth activity
      corresponding to half the maximum length of fibers was defined. The activity of
      the optic lobe extracts was retained in fractions with nominal molecular weights
      over 100,000 daltons upon pressure dialysis. Extract from the forebrain
      hemispheres had nearly the same effect on retinal neurite growth. Mouse
      submandibular gland NGF failed to evoke retinal fiber growth. Our data imply that
      macromolecules of the developing brain can support the growth of optic axons.

PMID- 6831246
TI  - Defective differentiation of peripheral nerves in the dystrophic mouse.

PMID- 6831247
TI  - Nerve growth factor-mediated differentiation of a nerve cell line cultured in a
      hormone-supplemented serum-free medium.

PMID- 6831248
TI  - Development of the orientation of the visuo-tectal map in Xenopus.
AB  - Eye rudiments from Xenopus embryos of stage 28 or younger were explanted on to
      the flank of similar embryos with normal or nasotemporally reversed orientation.
      After some hours the eyes were retransplanted to an orbit of a stage 32/34
      embryo, with either normal or reversed nasotemporal orientation. Later the
      visuotectal projections through the operated eyes were mapped
      electrophysiologically. The maps obtained were oriented as if the mapping
      orientation of the eye had already been determined in the donor orbit before the
      first transplantation; i.e. if normally oriented in the final host orbit the eye
      gave a normal map, and if the eye was reversed in the final host orbit it gave a
      reversed map. In only one out of 25 cases did it seem that the orientation of the
      map could have been influenced by the orientation of the eye on the flank of the
      intermediate host, and here the evidence was weak. Two eyes gave reduplicated
      maps and 4 maps were uninterpretable. It was concluded that the orientation of
      the map is determined before stage 26 and is not altered by information derived
      from the flank during stages 26-34.

PMID- 6831251
TI  - Effects of 17-beta-estradiol on developing superior cervical ganglion neurons and
      synapses.

PMID- 6831249
TI  - The growth and formation of ocular dominance columns by deflected optic fibers in
      goldfish.

PMID- 6831250
TI  - Tetrodotoxin inhibits the formation of refined retinotopography in goldfish.
AB  - One optic nerve of mature goldfish was crushed in the orbit and allowed to
      regenerate. During regeneration impulse activity was eliminated by periodic
      intraocular injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX). At 32-104 days, the
      retinotopography of the retinotectal projection was measured autoradiographically
      by intraocular [3H]proline injections simultaneous with either small (10-20
      degrees sector) or half retinal mapping lesions. TTX had no effect on the time
      course and quality of the regeneration of gross topography seen with half retina
      mapping, but indefinitely inhibited higher order (refined) retinotopography
      normally seen by 2 months with retina sector mapping.

PMID- 6831252
TI  - A survival factor for sympathetic neurons from avian smooth muscle.

PMID- 6831253
TI  - Orientation bias in the response of kitten LGNd neurons to moving light bars.
AB  - The orientation sensitivity to moving light bars was determined for 113 neurons
      in laminae A, A1 and C of the dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGNd) of kittens 7-42 days old. Forty neurons (35.4%) were biased to contrast
      orientation (OB neurons), i.e. their response to an optimally oriented bar was 2
      10 times stronger than their response to a bar oriented orthogonally to the
      optimal. The remaining 73 neurons were not sensitive to contrast orientation.
      Evidence is presented that orientation bias in the LGNd develops prior to visual
      experience. Orientation biased responses in the LGNd strongly depended on
      stimulus parameters; preferred stimuli were light bars having a length of 5
      degrees or more and moving at velocities slower than 5 degrees/s. Our findings
      suggest that the OB neurons of the LGNd could be effective in generating the
      early orientation sensitivity in the visual cortex.

PMID- 6831254
TI  - Pharmacological suppression of REM sleep prior to weaning counteracts the
      effectiveness of subsequent environmental enrichment on cortical growth in rats.
AB  - Male Wistar rat pups were deprived of REM sleep by means of daily injections of
      clonidine between 8 and 21 days after birth. From day 28 they were reared under
      either 'enriched' or 'standard' environmental conditions. At 75 days of age the
      animals were sacrificed, and the regional brain weights were compared with two
      (differentially reared) control groups. Whereas cortical weight was greater in
      the enriched than in the standard control rats, no differences were found between
      the corresponding REM sleep-deprived (i.e. clonidine-treated) groups. These
      results suggest that REM sleep deprivation and/or disturbances of central
      noradrenergic function during early development can counteract growth responses
      of the brain to environmental stimulation later in life.

PMID- 6831255
TI  - Phenotypic plasticity of cultured bovine chromaffin cells. I. Morphological
      changes induced by non-chromaffin cells and organ extracts, but not by mouse and
      bovine nerve growth factor.
AB  - Adult bovine chromaffin cells are known to show process outgrowth in culture,
      similar to that seen with rat chromaffin and pheochromocytoma cells after
      exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF). To determine whether bovine chromaffin
      cells respond to NGF or NGF-like factors, dissociated adrenal medullary cells
      from adult cattle were cultured for up to 4 weeks in the presence or absence of
      NGF (from mouse submaxillary glands and bovine seminal vesicles, respectively),
      adrenal non-chromaffin cells and various organ extracts. Chromaffin cells that
      had been freed from non-chromaffin cells by differential plating and/or gamma
      irradiation showed virtually no fiber outgrowth. In the presence of adrenal non
      chromaffin cells (NCC), cell-free extracts obtained from these cells or medium
      conditioned by them, chromaffin cells formed processes. Extracts from bovine
      seminal vesicles (SVE), but not from other organs including bovine brain, heart,
      liver, kidney, adrenal glands and male mouse submaxillary glands, also elicited
      fiber outgrowth. Extension of processes induced by NCC and SVE could not be
      blocked by administration of monospecific anti-NGF antibodies directed against
      NGF from mouse submaxillary glands. Purified NGF from mouse submaxillary glands
      and SVE did not elicited a response. We conclude that adult bovine chromaffin
      cells in culture show structural plasticity similar to that shown by cultured
      chromaffin cells from other species, but do not respond to NGF. Neurite outgrowth
      promoting activities appear to reside with macromolecular constituents of bovine
      adrenal non-chromaffin cells and SVE.

PMID- 6831256
TI  - Directional growth of sympathetic nerve fibres in vitro towards enteric smooth
      muscle and heart from mice with congenital aganglionic colon and their normal
      littermates.
AB  - Neuronotrophic factors in tissues from normal mice and mice with hereditary
      aganglionic colon (s1/s1) were assayed by examining neurite extension in vitro
      from sympathetic ganglia (superior cervical and coeliac) towards explants of
      stomach, atrium and colon in co-culture. Directional growth of neurites from both
      ganglia towards all 3 target explants was observed. There were no statistically
      significant differences between normal and s1/s1 ganglia in the capacity to
      extend neurites, neither were there differences between the target tissues of
      these mice in ability to promote neurite extension from ganglia. Since it is
      known that in s1/s1 mice there is impaired migration of neuroblasts along the
      developing gut, we conclude that the mechanisms determining neurite extension in
      culture are different to those regulating neuroblast migration and early
      differentiation. Studies on normal mice revealed that antiserum to nerve growth
      factor (NGF) blocked the outgrowth of neurites towards atrium, and reduced but
      did not abolish the outgrowth towards stomach, suggesting that the gut muscle
      produces a factor trophic for sympathetic neurones which is immunochemically
      distinguishable from NGF.

PMID- 6831257
TI  - Developmental distributive pattern of acetylcholinesterase in chick embryo
      ciliary ganglion.
AB  - AChE cytochemistry was performed in the chick ciliary ganglion (CG) during
      various embryonic stages. AChE first appeared in the RER of the neurons at 5 days
      of incubation (d.i.). Synaptic AChE appeared only later, parallely to the
      appearance of the calyciform synapses, i.e. at 9 d.i. At first AChE was mainly
      localized at the calyx side facing the satellite cell, thereafter extending to
      the neuronal side and especially labeling synaptic contacts occurring at points
      along the presynaptic membrane. Finally, at 15 d.i., i.e. when the calyx is
      morphologically mature, AChE reaction labels the whole contour of the calyciform
      nerve terminal. At 10 d.i., limited AChE-positive extrasynaptic areas of the
      ciliary neurons surface first appeared, thereafter extending up to affect at 15
      d.i. large neuronal surfaces. Some hypotheses can be drawn from our results: (i)
      the earliest appearance of cytoplasmic AChE seems somehow independent of the
      establishing of functional synaptic contacts; (ii) the pattern of development of
      neuronal AChE suggests the existence of a sort of transynaptic control by
      presynaptic nerve terminals. However, it is possible that concomitant retrograde
      iris-dependent influences on ganglionic AChE concur in modulating neuronal AChE;
      (iii) the functional role possibly played by AChE localized at extra-synaptic
      level still remains to be clarified.

PMID- 6831258
TI  - Increased seizure susceptibility of the immature brain.
AB  - The ability of the CNS to generate seizures as a function of age was investigated
      utilizing the kindling model of epilepsy. Hourly electrical, low intensity
      stimulations of the amygdala induced kindling in adult rats, but stimulations
      delivered at 15 min intervals failed to or markedly retarded the development of
      kindled convulsions. In contrast, both types of stimulation induced consistent
      prolongation of the afterdischarges and repeated generalized seizures in suckling
      rat pups. The rate of development of the kindled convulsions in the pups was
      similar, irrespective of whether the stimulations were delivered at 15 or 60 min
      intervals, indicating that short (less than 15 min) seizure refractory periods
      exist in the immature brain. The data suggest that seizure susceptibility changes
      with age and is greater early in life.

PMID- 6831259
TI  - Sleep variations in C57BL and BALBc mice from 3 weeks to 14 weeks of age.
AB  - The evolution of sleep patterns during the diurnal period was studied in C57BL
      and BALBc mice from 3 to 14 weeks of age. Quantitative analysis of the hypnograms
      reveals that the main sleep changes occur between weeks 3 and 4 in the two
      strains. This period is characterized by a decrease of the percentage of
      paradoxical sleep in BALBc strain, due to a simultaneous drop in the mean number
      and duration of the episodes. During this time C57BL strain exhibits an increase
      in the percentage of slow wave sleep, resulting from a rise in the mean number of
      episodes. At the same time the percentage of awake state decreases in C57BL mice.
      In the adults these changes result in differences between the strains in sleep
      pattern that are characterized by a higher percentage of paradoxical and slow
      wave sleep in C57BL than in BALBc mice. As regards the results obtained, the
      maturation of sleep mechanisms and particularly of the paradoxical sleep seems to
      be different in C57BL and in BALBc mice.

PMID- 6831260
TI  - Sex steroids and the development of the newborn mouse hypothalamus and preoptic
      area in vitro: III. Effects of estrogen on dendritic differentiation.
AB  - Gonadal steroids have previously been shown to enhance neuritic outgrowth from
      mouse preoptic area explants in vitro. To examine effects within the explant
      proper, dendritic fields of Golgi-stained neurons of estradiol-treated and
      untreated cultures were compared quantitatively. Neurons of gonadal steroid
      treated cultures had significantly more dendrites arising from the cell body.
      Since bifurcation probability did not differ between the treatments, the primary
      effect of estradiol treatment appears to be induction of dendritic branches from
      the soma. This indicates that intra-explant dendrites, like extra-explant
      neurites, proliferate in response to estradiol treatment and suggests the
      involvement of hormone-stimulated dendrogenesis in sexual differentiation of the
      brain.

PMID- 6831261
TI  - [Effect of adaptation and beta adrenergic blockade on early changes of metabolic
      parameters in rats irradiated with a single lethal dose of x-rays].

PMID- 6831262
TI  - [Occurrence of aneuploid embryos after exposure of female mice to small doses of
      x-radiation].

PMID- 6831263
TI  - [Protection of hemopoietic tissue in irradiated mice and rats with a potassium
      diet].

PMID- 6831265
TI  - [An attempt to treat irradiated rats with the administration of ethanol].

PMID- 6831264
TI  - [Recovery of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of mice after terminating
      continuous irradiation with an exposure dosage of 0.48 and 0.96 Gy/day].

PMID- 6831266
TI  - [Invagination of the nuclear membranes of Ehrlich ascites tumor and their
      quantitative ratio after exposure to a magnetic field].

PMID- 6831268
TI  - [The combined effect of changes in visual and proprioceptive afferentation on
      upright posture].

PMID- 6831267
TI  - [Influencing post-irradiation protein deficiency by inhibiting fibrinolysis].

PMID- 6831269
TI  - [Utilization of proteins and the process of gluconeogenesis under different
      nutritional conditions].

PMID- 6831270
TI  - [Changes in the red cell picture in mothers with pregnancy at risk].

PMID- 6831271
TI  - Prolonged survival of fowl spermatozoa stored in a diffusion chamber in vitro.
AB  - 1. A diffusion chamber technique was used in an attempt to prolong the life-span
      of fowl spermatozoa at 41 degrees C in vitro. 2. The most suitable conditions in
      the diffusion chamber system for this purpose were found to be pH 7.2, with the
      addition of foetal calf serum (400 mg/ml), a sperm concentration of 10 X 10(9)/ml
      and a gas mixture of 5% CO2 + 5% O2 + 90% N2. 3. The spermatozoa stored in the
      diffusion chamber under these conditions were highly fertile for at least 2 d,
      whereas those stored in a test tube had a low fertilizing ability.

PMID- 6831272
TI  - Raised environmental temperature and food rationing as means of restricting
      growth of the replacement pullet.
AB  - 1. Four rearing temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30 degrees C) and three feeding
      schedules (ad libitum, restricting to the ad libitum intake of the 12th week and
      feeding 70% of this rate) were carried out with layer replacement pullets to 170
      d of age. From this age, during lay, birds were kept at either 21 degrees C or on
      a 24-h cycle of 21 for 18 h and 28 degrees C for the 6 h before lights out. Both
      a white and a brown egg-laying strain were used. 2. Body weight at 169 d of age
      varied from, on average, 1409 g (15 degrees C, ad libitum) to 943 g (30 degrees
      C, 70% schedule) for the white strain and 1947 to 1250 g for the same treatments
      respectively for the brown strain. Sexual maturity was considerably delayed by
      the 70% feeding schedule, only slightly by rearing at 30 degrees C. 3. Rearing at
      30 degrees C tended to depress subsequent egg output. The 70% feeding schedule at
      least maintained egg output compared with birds fed ad libitum in rearing. 4.
      There was a highly significant effect of temperature treatment during lay on food
      intake. The reduction in food intake due to the 21-28 degrees C cycle, however,
      appeared small.

PMID- 6831273
TI  - The effect of dietary penicillin on the growth of gnotobiotic chickens
      monoassociated with Streptococcus faecium.

PMID- 6831275
TI  - Prolonged survival of fowl spermatozoa in the oviducal tissues in organ culture.
AB  - 1. When fowl spermatozoa were incubated at 41 degrees C with tissues from the
      infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, uterovaginal junction and vagina,
      their motility, assessed at room temperature (20 to 25 degrees C), was maintained
      for 4 to 12 d. 2. The survival period was much longer for spermatozoa incubated
      with the tissues from the infundibulum and uterovaginal junction (with sperm-host
      glands, 11 to 12 d) than for those incubated with tissues from the other regions
      (lacking host glands, 4 to 7 d). 3. In the tissues of the infundibulum and
      uterovaginal junction, spermatozoa entered the sperm-host glands and were more
      closely associated with the epithelial cells than they were in tissues from other
      regions.

PMID- 6831276
TI  - Variations in the number of nucleoli in the granulosa cells of the domestic fowl
      during follicular growth.
AB  - 1. The proportions of granulosa cells containing one, two, or more nucleoli were
      determined in ovarian follicles of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).
      Follicles ranged in size from 5 to 37 mm diameter. 2. The greatest proportion of
      cells (65%) contained one nucleolus. Cells containing two nucleoli were fewer
      (29%) and those containing more than two were rare (6%). 3. There was a tendency
      for the proportion of multinuclear cells to decrease with increasing size of the
      follicle. Conversely there was a similar tendency for the proportion of cells
      with single nucleoli to increase with size of the follicle. These relationships
      are curvilinear. 4. Suitable linear models confirmed these observations (P less
      than 0.005). 5. These results may provide an explanation for the previously
      reported progressive decrease in cellular DNA as the follicle increases in size.

PMID- 6831277
TI  - Effect of intermittent feeding on blood plasma growth hormone and prolactin in
      chickens of a heavy breed.
AB  - 1. Variations in plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin concentrations were
      determined during growth (at 20, 33, 56 and 83 d of age) in ad libitum (control)
      and intermittently (alternate days) fed chicks. 2. In each group of birds the
      concentration of plasma GH was inversely related to age. The mean prolactin
      concentration was highest in the youngest (20-d-old) birds. 3. The concentration
      of plasma GH in the intermittently-fed birds deprived of food for 24 h (depleted
      birds) was significantly higher than that in the controls at 33, 56 and 83 d of
      age. The mean GH concentration in the intermittently-fed birds 24 h after
      refeeding (repleted birds) was less than that in the depleted ones. 4. The
      overall mean concentration of plasma prolactin in the depleted birds was
      significantly less than that in the control and repleted birds. 5. These results
      are consistent with the effects of fasting on GH and prolactin secretion and
      demonstrate that growth retardation in the intermittently-fed birds was not due
      to impaired GH secretion.

PMID- 6831278
TI  - The influence of environmental temperature, thyroid status and a synthetic
      oestrogen on the induction of fatty livers in chicks.
AB  - 1. Hepatic lipid content, lipogenic enzyme activity and plasma lipid
      concentration were measured in chicks reared at 21 degrees or 34 degrees C and
      after thyroxine (T4), thiouracil (TU), propylthiouracil (PTU), dienestrol
      diacetate (DD) or PTU with DD had been given for 14 d. 2. At 34 degrees C there
      was a significant increase in the total liver lipid and triglyceride content. 3.
      Injections of T4 decreased liver lipid content whereas it was increased by
      feeding PTU or DD. The effects of PTU were more pronounced at 21 degrees C while
      those of DD were more pronounced at 34 degrees C. 4. There were significant
      interactions between temperature, thyroid status and synthetic oestrogen
      treatments on total lipid and triglyceride content of the liver. Fatty liver with
      marked steatosis could be produced through synergic actions of PTU and DD in
      chicks maintained at 21 degrees C.

PMID- 6831279
TI  - The response of male broiler chickens to diets with various protein and energy
      contents during the growing phase.
AB  - 1. In two trials each using 2 400 male broilers, the regression of body weight on
      the linear effects of dietary protein, energy and age, the quadratic effect of
      age, and their interactions, accounted for approximately 99% of the observed
      variation during the growing and finishing period (3 to 8 weeks of age).
      Increasing either dietary protein or energy content significantly increased body
      weight. 2. The regression of food consumption on the linear effects of age,
      protein, energy and protein X energy interaction, and the quadratic effect of age
      accounted for 94% of the observed variation. The regression of food utilisation
      on the linear effects of protein, energy, and age and the quadratic effects of
      dietary protein and age accounted for 97% of the observed variation. Food
      consumption and efficiency were dependent on both dietary protein and energy,
      increasing with increases in either dietary protein or energy content. 3. The
      regression of fat in the dressed carcass on the linear effects of protein, energy
      and age accounted for 19% of the observed variation. Carcass fat increased with
      increasing age and dietary energy, and decreased with increasing dietary protein.
      4. Although body weight, food consumption and utilisation were significantly
      different between trials, the proportion of carcass fat was not.

PMID- 6831280
TI  - The physiology of a healthy normal person in the air-fluidized bed.

PMID- 6831274
TI  - Time relationships between oviposition, ovulation and egg formation in Khaki
      Campbell ducks.
AB  - 1. Ten-month-old Khaki Campbell ducks were killed between 5 min and 15 h after
      oviposition. Time of oviposition and interval between eggs were recorded prior to
      killing. 2. Oviposition generally occurred between 04.00 and 06.00 h, 7 to 9 h
      after the onset of the dark period the previous day. Ninety-seven percent of eggs
      were laid by 07.00 h. 3. The mean +/- SD time interval between consecutive
      ovipositions was 24.0 +/- 0.3 h, with a range from 23.5 to 24.5 h. 4. It was
      estimated that ovulation occurred on average 10 min after oviposition, and the
      ovum spent 15 to 30 min in the infundibulum, 2.5 to 3 h in the magnum, 2 to 2.5 h
      in the isthmus and 18.6 h in the shell gland.

PMID- 6831284
TI  - Factors influencing the expectation of pain among patients in a children's burns
      unit.
AB  - The study was undertaken to identify factors increasing anxiety, fear and
      anticipation of pain among patients in a children's Burns Unit and to establish
      means of modifying such factors in order to reduce the children's experience of
      pain during nursing and treatment sessions. Sixty patients were observed and,
      where possible, interviewed at periods throughout their stay in the unit. The
      results indicated that expectation of pain might be reduced by correcting the
      child's erroneous beliefs about the nature of the healing process and the role of
      clinical therapy, and by undertaking certain changes in the manner in which
      treatment and nursing procedures upon the conscious patient were normally
      conducted.

PMID- 6831283
TI  - Mortality from burns in developing countries.

PMID- 6831281
TI  - Topical oxygen and burn wound healing: a review.

PMID- 6831282
TI  - Analytical study of burns in Kashmir.
AB  - Kashmir Valley is part of Jammu and Kashmir State. It is surrounded on all sides
      by the Pirpanchal range of mountains, and as a result of this position it is cold
      in the valley for about three-quarters of the year. The population of the Kashmir
      Valley is 31 30 090 and that of the Srinagar district is 7 21 078. The people of
      the valley use a 'Kangri' which is a portable unguarded heater to keep themselves
      warm. Burns being common in the area it prompted the undertaking of an analytical
      study of 100 burn cases admitted to the Medical College Hospital, Srinagar,
      Kashmir. The pattern of cases referred to or admitted directly in our hospital
      reflect the percentage of burn injuries sustained in Kashmir Valley since it is
      the only provincial hospital of its kind in the Valley having facilities for the
      undertaking of plastic surgery.

PMID- 6831286
TI  - Silicone gel: a new treatment for burn scars and contractures.
AB  - A new method of treatment for burn scar management is outlined using silicone gel
      sheets (Spenco Corporation MD-3071). The method has been applied to 42 patients
      with burns of varying degree and maturity. The results have been successful in
      all cases. The mode of action of the gel is unknown, but it does not rely on
      pressure. The method can easily be tailored to the individual needs of the scar
      and the patient. Individual initiative and a flexible approach to its use are
      advocated.

PMID- 6831285
TI  - Identification of the high-risk population for serious burn injuries.

PMID- 6831287
TI  - The burned child--scarred for life? A study of the psychosocial impact of a burn
      injury at different developmental stages.
AB  - Several studies examining the psychosocial adjustment of child burn victims have
      resulted in contradictory conclusions, possibly because of their diverse
      methodology and poorly defined outcome measures. Using a standardized behaviour
      rating scale this study found that adolescent burn victims show a markedly poorer
      psychosocial adjustment when compared with younger burned children. Visible
      burns, emotional distress in the mother, and multiple home moves were all
      associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment in adolescence for burned
      children.

PMID- 6831288
TI  - Surgical treatment of the deeply burned hand.
AB  - An individualized treatment programme has been used in the management of deeply
      burned hands based on early excision of third-degree burns and delayed excision
      of mixed deep second-degree and third-degree burns. The function of the hand has
      been a crucial object both before surgery by means of treatment with gloves and
      postoperatively by exposure treatment. Six out of 25 hands have needed
      reconstructive procedures. By the follow-up respectively 86 per cent of the hands
      treated by early excision and 88 per cent of the hands treated by delayed
      excision have obtained a good functional and cosmetic result. We recommend both
      methods, but find that they have to be used separately for each particular burn.

PMID- 6831289
TI  - Potential neurotoxicity of local anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 6831290
TI  - Hypoxaemia created by pulmonary oedema after pulmonary microemboli in dogs.
AB  - Pulmonary microemboli may play a role in the adult respiratory distress syndrome,
      creating both pulmonary oedema and hypoxaemia. We measured the time course of
      pulmonary oedema and hypoxaemia after pulmonary microemboli of 63-74 mu starch
      were infused into dogs. Dogs were divided into two groups: six dogs that did not
      develop pulmonary oedema, and seven that did. Immediately after emboli there was
      no difference between groups in the large fall in PaO2 or the rise in Qs/Qt.
      Therefore the hypoxaemia of pulmonary embolism is not created by pulmonary
      oedema. As pulmonary oedema increased with time in the oedematous dogs, PaO2 fell
      further. There was no further reduction in PaO2 in the dogs who did not develop
      pulmonary oedema. We conclude that hypoxaemia after pulmonary embolism may be
      worsened if pulmonary oedema occurs, but the immediate large reduction in PaO2
      after embolism is not created by pulmonary oedema.

PMID- 6831291
TI  - The antiarrhythmic effects of verapamil and propranolol in aminophylline toxic
      dogs.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic effects of the calcium blocker verapamil and the beta
      adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol were examined in aminophylline toxic dogs.
      Eighteen dogs were intubated and ventilated after induction of anaesthesia
      (pentobarbitone 30 mg/kg and paccuronium 0.1 mg/kg). All animals were rendered
      toxic by aminophylline infusion; an initial dose of 50 mg/kg over five minutes
      with subsequent doses of 10 mg/kg over 30 seconds. Twenty minutes after each
      aminophylline infusion, the dog was challenged with phenylephrine (10 to 20
      micrograms/kg). This resulted in short duration hypertension and reproducible
      emergence of ventricular arrhythmias. The dogs were divided into three groups of
      six animals each. Group I (control) received no antiarrhythmics whereas Group II
      received verapamil 0.2 mg/kg and Group III received propranolol 0.1 mg/kg for the
      treatment of persistent ventricular arrhythmias. Both verapamil and propranolol
      exerted an antiarrhythmic effect in aminophylline induced ventricular
      arrhythmias. The efficacy of verapamil was independent of the accompanying
      reduction in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance as subsequent
      phenylephrine induced hypertension could not reinstitute these arrhythmias.
      Propranolol appeared less effective since it did not completely suppress the
      arrhythmias in three dogs and could not prevent emergence of PVC's in four
      following repeat phenylephrine challenge. Further development of this animal
      model may be useful for the better understanding of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6831292
TI  - Midazolam versus hydroxyzine as intramuscular premedicant.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study was carried out in which
      the effects of midazolam (0.08 mg.kg-1) and hydroxyzine (1.5 mg.kg-1), with or
      without atropine (0.4 mg) or hyoscine (0.4 mg) were compared as intramuscular
      premedicants. Midazolam produced quicker onset of action, greater anxiolysis for
      the first hour, greater amnesia, less local irritation and a higher overall
      rating by the patients. Drowsiness, while also greater after midazolam, was
      neither marked nor prolonged. Both drugs were given similar overall ratings by
      the anaesthetists who administered the anaesthetics. Neither drug produced
      systemic toxicity. Of the two drugs known to produce amnesia, midazolam had a
      more profound effect and had an earlier onset than hyoscine. Midazolam (0.08
      mg.kg-1) shows good potential as an intramuscular premedicant, especially when
      anaesthetic induction occurs 30 to 60 minutes later. Hyoscine, but not atropine,
      enhances the effects of the sedative drugs.

PMID- 6831293
TI  - Measurement of plasma fentanyl concentration: comparison of three methods.
AB  - The measurement of plasma fentanyl concentration by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and
      gas liquid chromatography (GLC) using either a flame ionization detector (FID) or
      nitrogen/phosphorus detector (NPD) has been compared. RIA is a satisfactory but
      expensive method of measuring plasma fentanyl concentration. GLC using an FID is
      not as satisfactory as RIA, but when an NPD is used the results are equal to
      those of RIA. In addition, other analgesics which are chemically similar to
      fentanyl, such as alfentanil, may also be measured by the GLC/NPD combination
      using the same set of operating conditions. By contrast, an RIA method is usually
      specific for only one compound, and measurement of additional drugs would almost
      certainly necessitate the development of new assay kits for each one.

PMID- 6831295
TI  - [Anesthesia in patient with the ventricular pre-excitation syndrome].
AB  - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or its variant, the pre-excitation syndrome,
      are described in about 1.2 per 1000 of the population, so the anaesthetic
      management of patients with this syndrome is important. Our experience is
      reported in 15 elective operations on seven patients with pre-excitation
      syndrome. The most significant feature is the occurrence of variation of the
      morphology of QRS complexes. Rhythm disturbance most commonly encountered is
      supraventricular tachycardia, but different cardiac arrhythmias may occur and
      sometimes these are fatal. In our study, major complications or cardiac
      arrhythmias did not occur. With regard to the anaesthetic technique, care should
      be taken not to produce tachycardia. Atropine is not absolutely contraindicated
      for premedication. Preoperative use of propranolol or of quinidine is
      questionable.

PMID- 6831296
TI  - Confirming tracheal intubation - a simple manoeuvre.
AB  - A simple technique is described for confirming oral tracheal intubation carried
      out under direct laryngoscopy. With the laryngoscope blade still in the mouth
      following intubation, posterior displacement of the tracheal tube towards the
      palate will usually bring the tube and vocal cords into direct view, providing
      confirmation of correct tube placement. In 50 consecutive oral tracheal
      intubations, the tube was seen to pass between the vocal cords in 29 cases,
      confirming correct tube placement. In the remaining 21 cases, the larynx was
      obscured during intubation. Posterior displacement of the tube confirmed correct
      placement in all 21 cases.

PMID- 6831294
TI  - Epidural anaesthesia with mixtures of bupivicaine and lidocaine.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind trial in 30 patients receiving lumbar epidural
      anaesthesia, the onset and duration of sensory blockade with 0.375 per cent
      bupivicaine was compared with a mixture of 0.375 per cent bupivicaine and one per
      cent lidocaine hydrochloride and a mixture of 0.375 per cent bupivicaine and one
      per cent carbonated lidocaine. Onset (9.3 +/- 1.16 minutes) and complete spread
      (23.3 +/- 4.8 minutes) for bupivicaine was significantly slower than in the
      mixtures containing carbonated lidocaine (onset 4.7 +/- 0.48 minutes, complete
      spread 14.8 +/- 2.49 minutes) and lidocaine hydrochloride (onset 5.0 +/- 0.67
      minutes, complete spread 16.3 +/- 3.2 minutes). There was no significant
      difference in times of onset and complete spread between the two mixtures. The
      duration of sensory blockade for bupivicaine alone (165 +/- 20 minutes) was not
      significantly different from the duration in either the mixture containing
      carbonated lidocaine (161 +/- 51.24 minutes) or lidocaine hydrochloride (143 +/-
      33.7 minutes). The results indicate a clinical advantage in speed of onset
      without significant shortening of duration of action for mixtures of carbonated
      lidocaine or lidocaine hydrochloride with bupivicaine as compared to bupivicaine
      alone.

PMID- 6831297
TI  - The esophageal obturator airway: an appraisal.
AB  - The use of the Esophageal Obturator Airway (EOA) was prospectively studied in 300
      cases of prehospital cardiac arrests. Seventy-seven complications were documented
      in 72 patients. Inadvertent tracheal intubation occurred in 72 patients.
      Inadvertent tracheal intubation occurred in 13 patients, five unrecognized. No
      differences were found when initial emergency room rhythm and resuscitation
      outcome were compared to a previous study using the oral airway (OA). A subgroup
      of 124 EOA and 55 OA patients were compared. The EOA was effective in reducing
      the frequency of aspiration (17 vs 34 per cent). Arterial oxygenation was
      similar, and rose in both groups following tracheal intubation. Esophageal trauma
      was found in 10 per cent of the EOA patients who underwent autopsy. Although the
      EOA is useful in prehospital emergency care, the only advantage for this
      technique in comparison to the OA is the prevention of aspiration of gastric
      contents. It also appears that other techniques of advanced cardiac life support,
      i.e. defibrillation, drug therapy, etc. are necessary to improve survival
      statistics.

PMID- 6831301
TI  - Cardiovascular collapse associated with nitrous oxide administration.

PMID- 6831300
TI  - Mounting of the Bain circuit.

PMID- 6831298
TI  - Continuous axillary brachial plexus block.
AB  - Continuous axillary brachial plexus block was performed in 597 patients
      undergoing prolonged operations on the hand. The technique required placement of
      a 5 cm 23 gauge teflon intravenous catheter in the axillary perivascular sheath.
      Lidocaine 1.5 per cent or mepivicaine 1.5 per cent (20-40 ml) were used for the
      initial block dose. Surgery was completed in 77.2 per cent of patients (460) with
      the axillary block alone while in 19.1 per cent of patients (114) supplementary
      narcotic administration or additional regional blocks were required. In 3.7 per
      cent of patients (22) the technique was considered a complete failure.
      Complications included local anaesthetic toxic reactions (2.85 per cent, 17
      cases), nerve injury (0.50 per cent, three cases) and one case of major haematoma
      formation. The advantages of this technique and the possible complications are
      discussed.

PMID- 6831299
TI  - The liver and anaesthesia.

PMID- 6831303
TI  - Mycotoxins and mycoflora in animal feedstuffs in western Canada.
AB  - Feed samples associated with 51 cases of suspected or potential mycotoxicoses of
      farm animals in western Canada were examined during a three year study.
      Ochratoxin A was detected in four cases, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in one,
      and sterigmatocystin in one. Samples examined for microflora associated with
      production of these mycotoxins contained Penicillium spp., Aspergillus ochraceus,
      Fusarium spp. and fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group. Samples were analyzed
      for T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol only if Fusarium spp. were present. The
      first known incidence of suspected sterigmatocystin poisoning of poultry through
      feed ingestion has been encountered.

PMID- 6831302
TI  - Epidemiology of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs: a survey of
      Ontario Pork Producers, 1981.
AB  - Information about factors associated with the spread and the effect of
      pleuropneumonia was obtained from 418 pork producers in Ontario, who returned a
      mailed questionnaire. The overall herd prevalence of pleuropneumonia was 23.2%.
      The prevalence among herds with feeder pigs only was 34.3% and 16% among sow
      herds. The chance of pleuropneumonia breaking out in a herd was increased with
      increased traffic of pigs into the herd. The source of supplementary stock had an
      important effect on the chance of pleuropneumonia occurring. The highest risk
      resulted from introducing stock from salesbarns and the lowest from stock of
      health status known to the purchaser and supplied by one breeder only. Mortality,
      primarily among feeder pigs, and unthriftiness were the major effects of
      Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection. Stress, such as crowding or inclement
      climatic conditions, was associated with outbreaks of pleuropneumonia. This would
      suggest that the infection with H. pleuropneumoniae can be subclinical until
      stress precipitates the disease.

PMID- 6831304
TI  - Incidence of Salmonella contamination in broiler chickens in Saskatchewan.
AB  - The incidence of Salmonella contamination in ten Saskatchewan broiler flocks
      varying in size from 6 200 to 14 000 was investigated from February, 1977 to
      April, 1979. Prior to the initial chick placement, brooding equipment, feed,
      water and fresh litter samples were found to be free of Salmonellae. Samples
      obtained from the clean and disinfected processing plant equipment before the
      commencement of daily operation were negative except the isolation for Salmonella
      anatum from the fingers of the defeathering machine in flock 4. There was no
      evidence of Salmonella contamination in flocks 5, 6, 8 and 10. The incidence of
      Salmonella was lower when cloacal swabs were taken from day old chicks fasted for
      48 hours than for the same groups of chicks when carcasses were blended in
      nutrient broth (flocks 7 and 9). The blending of such chicks appears to be a more
      critical test. The serotypes isolated from eviscerated birds were the same as
      those isolated from used litter samples. Salmonella saintpaul was isolated from a
      water sample at 53 days in flock 1 and the same serotype was recovered from the
      intestinal contents and skin of eviscerated birds. Salmonella typhimurium was
      recovered from the eviscerated birds and neck samples in flock 3. In flock 4, S.
      saintpaul and S. anatum were isolated from 13% of the eviscerated birds sampled.
      Salmonella thompson, Salmonella agona and Salmonella heidelberg were recovered
      from 61%, 5% and 1%, respectively, of the processed carcasses sampled in flock 7.

PMID- 6831305
TI  - Avian ocular neoplasia--a description of spontaneously occurring cases.
AB  - Twenty-one cases of ocular neoplasia were studied in birds submitted for
      diagnosis. Eighteen of these were lymphocytic tumors in chickens affecting
      various parts of the globe and retrobulbar tissues. Two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma
      in chickens were recorded. One of these was located in the anterior uvea and the
      other in the orbit. One adenocarcinoma was seen in a budgerigar.

PMID- 6831306
TI  - Antimicrobial use in feedlot calves: its association with culture rates and
      antimicrobial susceptibility.
AB  - Data were collected on anti-microbial usage and health problems, in beef feedlot
      calves. Although the association between them was not significant, many feedlot
      owners did not use recommended dosages or duration of treatment and this may have
      led to a reduced recovery rate.Injectable tetracyclines were the most frequent
      antimicrobial for primary treatment of sick calves; whereas chloramphenicol was
      selected most frequently when the primary treatment appeared to be ineffective.
      Treatment with anti-microbials reduced the likelihood of isolating both
      Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus. Chloramphenicol therapy reduced the
      likelihood of isolating Pasteurella haemolytica. Therapy with a particular
      antimicrobial, in the week prior to death, increased the level of resistance in
      P. haemolytica to that antimicrobial. Treatment with other antimicrobials also
      increased the level of resistance to that antimicrobial; although to a lesser
      degree. The lowest levels of resistance were observed in Pasteurella isolated
      from nontreated cattle. After adjustment for antimicrobial exposure, resistance
      to penicillin, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol occurred together more
      frequently than expected by chance alone.

PMID- 6831307
TI  - In vitro effect of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes
      procoagulant activity: comparison of virulent with nonvirulent strain.
AB  - The in vitro effect of a virulent and a nonvirulent strain of Leptospira
      interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells
      was investigated. After addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the
      production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was
      observed. Indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood bacteria mixtures
      after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma.
      The virulent strain induced a significantly higher procoagulant activity than
      nonvirulent and this effect was dependent on the number of bacteria. The
      production of tissue factor, a potent trigger of blood coagulation, by Leptospira
      icterohaemorrhagiae could help to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the
      activation of intravascular coagulation associated with leptospirosis.

PMID- 6831308
TI  - An observational study of Corynebacterium bovis in selected Ontario dairy herds.
AB  - An observational study of Corynebacterium bovis was conducted in 74 Ontario dairy
      herds. The levels of infection with C. bovis were 19.9, 36.2 and 85.6% at the
      quarter, cow and herd level, respectively. Teat disinfection was found to be the
      variable best able to distinguish between herds with a high or low C. bovis
      quarter infection rate. Mean total milk somatic cell counts for 1103 quarters and
      107 cows infected with only C. bovis ranged between 150,000 and 200,000/mL and
      were significantly higher than for uninfected quarters or cows. The rate of
      infection with mastitis pathogens was not significantly different in quarters
      previously colonized with only C. bovis compared to previously uninfected
      quarters.

PMID- 6831309
TI  - The effects of cesarean section anesthesia on heat loss and heat production in
      the newborn rabbit.
AB  - The newborn of some smaller animals rely upon heat produced by nonshivering
      thermogenesis in the brown fat to prevent a fall in body temperature after birth.
      Because of their pharmacological properties, some drugs may affect nonshivering
      thermogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the ability of newborn rabbits delivered
      under Innovar-Vet, ketamine hydrochloride, methoxyflurane and epidural anesthesia
      to maintain the rectal, subcutaneous interscapular and lumbar temperature was
      investigated at an ambient temperature of 35 degrees C or 22 degrees C and the
      results compared with control newborns delivered without anesthesia. When the
      newborns were exposed to 35 degrees C, the anesthetics studied had no effect on
      the ability of the newborn to maintain the rectal temperature and the
      subcutaneous temperature over the interscapular fat pad was similar to the lumbar
      subcutaneous temperature thereby indicating that nonshivering thermogenesis was
      not activated. However, at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C Innovar-Vet or
      methoxyflurane reduced the temperature difference between interscapular and
      lumbar temperatures to 1.6 degrees C compared to 2.5 degrees C in controls and
      the difference between core temperature and ambient temperature to 3.5 degrees C
      greater compared to 7.5 degrees C in controls. Ketamine hydrochloride or
      lidocaine hydrochloride plus meperidine has less effect because these compounds
      lack adrenergic blocking properties. These data suggest that newborns delivered
      under anesthetics or tranquillizers that have adrenergic blocking properties
      require a warm (35 degrees C) environment to prevent a fall in core temperature.

PMID- 6831314
TI  - Is the profession's image sagging?

PMID- 6831310
TI  - An acid phosphatase activity in isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica.
AB  - A simple qualitative test was used to investigate acid phosphatase activity in
      isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica from different animal species. Of the 78
      isolates examined, 58 showed the enzyme activity in less than 12 hours of
      incubation at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 6831312
TI  - Three new strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated in Canada.
AB  - Three new samples of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolated in
      Canada were compared with known serotypes by phenotypic properties,
      immunofluorescence, and protein and RNA molecular weights. The three new isolates
      were each found to be unique by these parameters. The most convincing physical
      difference used to distinguish the new isolates from known serotypes was their
      RNA molecular weights. Thus, the new CB, NASRC, and Char isolates of IPNV
      represent three new strains of the virus.

PMID- 6831313
TI  - Studies on pathogenic, immunogenic, and protective efficiency of fox rabies virus
      before and after adaptation to cell culture: application to vaccination against
      rabies.
AB  - Rabies virus from the submandibular salivary gland of a naturally infected fox
      was adapted to growth in BHK-21 cells. The pathogenicity of the original isolate
      and the cell culture adapted virus were compared by the intramuscular and oral
      routes in mice and foxes. Animals surviving exposure were tested for serum rabies
      antibodies (immunogenic efficiency) and for their ability to survive a second
      challenge with rabies virus (protective efficiency). In mice, ratios between
      lethal and protective doses of the two strains via the oral or muscular route
      were similar. In foxes, however, pathogenic efficiency was modified after cell
      culture adaptation, although good immunogenic and protective efficiency was
      maintained. Inoculation via the oral route resulted in lethal infection with the
      wild-type strain and survival (with some subsequent immunity) with the cell
      adapted strain. Via the intramuscular route, foxes given high doses of cell
      culture adapted virus survived whereas several foxes given lower doses died and
      virus could not be reisolated. It is concluded that safety testing of modified
      strains should be done with different dilutions of virus in the target species.
      "Autosterilizing" infections may result in erroneous diagnosis.

PMID- 6831311
TI  - Virus-like particles, 45 to 65 nm, in intestinal contents of neonatal calves.
AB  - Enveloped virus particles 45 to 65 nm in diameter, tentatively called minicorona
      virus, were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of one
      normal and seven diarrheic calves in Quebec dairy herds. The agent was shown to
      be antigenically unrelated to the Nebraska calf diarrhea coronavirus and to the
      bovine viral diarrhea virus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and fluorescent
      antibody techniques. Antibodies against these particles were demonstrated in the
      serum of affected calves using immunoelectron microscopy. The agent could not be
      isolated in cell cultures and its possible role as etiological agent in calf
      diarrhea is still to be determined.

PMID- 6831315
TI  - Perfecting the manuscript: getting the right words in the right place.

PMID- 6831316
TI  - Abortion.

PMID- 6831317
TI  - Nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6831318
TI  - CMA statement on radiation protection.

PMID- 6831319
TI  - Bilirubin levels in breast-fed infants.

PMID- 6831321
TI  - Legionella longbeachae and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 6831325
TI  - A 5-year outlook for the Canadian economy.

PMID- 6831326
TI  - Satellite contributions to telemedicine: Canadian CME experiences.

PMID- 6831322
TI  - Ageing, fitness and morbidity.

PMID- 6831327
TI  - Some observations on the Finnish medical care system.

PMID- 6831323
TI  - Cardiac arrest: comparison of paramedic and conventional ambulance services.
AB  - A prospective study conducted in the Greater Vancouver area compared survival
      rates in prehospital cardiac arrest managed by an advanced life support
      (paramedic) service with those in cardiac arrest managed by conventional
      ambulance service. Management by the paramedic service was associated with higher
      survival rates for patients found in cardiac arrest but not for patients who
      suffered the arrest while the ambulance was present. Cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation by bystanders was associated with a significant increase in
      survival rates when combined with paramedic services but not when only basic life
      support services were available.

PMID- 6831328
TI  - Drug-induced internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 6831324
TI  - A case of antral tachygastria: symptomatic and myoelectric improvement with
      gastroenterostomy and domperidone therapy.

PMID- 6831320
TI  - College of Family Physicians of Canada.

PMID- 6831329
TI  - Lightning injury.

PMID- 6831330
TI  - Eye drops and apnea.

PMID- 6831331
TI  - Methotrimeprazine for burn patients.

PMID- 6831332
TI  - Inappropriate placement of the elderly.

PMID- 6831333
TI  - New vaccines could eliminate meningitis within the decade.

PMID- 6831335
TI  - Agencies cooperate in ensuring safe use of antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 6831334
TI  - Long-term effects of growth hormone treatment being studied.

PMID- 6831337
TI  - Management of the febrile neutropenic patient.

PMID- 6831340
TI  - Uterine myomas in pregnancy.

PMID- 6831338
TI  - Recognition of organic mental disorders by physicians.
AB  - To test the ability of nonpsychiatrist physicians to correctly diagnose organic
      mental disorders in patients who present with psychiatric symptoms a multiple
      choice questionnaire was distributed. Given six brief case histories, little more
      than half (55%) of the respondents made the right choice even half of the time.
      The results strongly suggest a need among physicians for increased familiarity
      with the psychiatric manifestations of medical-surgical conditions.

PMID- 6831339
TI  - Complications of coronary arteriography.
AB  - In a prospective study of coronary arteriography with Judkins' technique the rate
      of major complications in 713 patients was 2.1%, a rate similar to or lower than
      those reported from other studies, even though more major complications were
      considered in this study. No deaths occurred. Although the rate of "other"
      complications was noted as part of the quality care survey, it cannot be compared
      with that in other studies, since the latter did not consider events such as
      hematoma or incomplete catheterization. The low complication rate may be related
      to expeditious procedures, familiarity with the Judkin's technique and the
      operators' experience. Local quality care assessment or clinical review
      committees should formally evaluate the complication rates for operative and
      invasive procedures performed in their own institutions.

PMID- 6831336
TI  - Calcium blockers for cardiac disease: therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6831341
TI  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis of thyrotoxic origin: a case complicated by
      cultural differences.

PMID- 6831342
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6831344
TI  - The rising costs of US medical education.

PMID- 6831345
TI  - Stepwise progress in the treatment of disseminated cancers.
AB  - Remarkable progress has been made in curing a significant number of disseminated
      cancers, but at times the pace has seemed discouragingly slow. When I look back
      at both the successes and failures, and relate them to current concepts, I cannot
      help but wonder if the rate of future progress might be accelerated by
      application of basic tenets of the 40-year-old somatic mutation theory. By this I
      mean serious consideration of the implications of this theory in interpretation
      of available data and in the design of future therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 6831343
TI  - Drug-induced heat stroke.

PMID- 6831346
TI  - Respiratory failure due to pulmonary leukostasis following chemotherapy of acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Four patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and leukocyte counts of more
      than 200,000/mm3 developed respiratory distress due to pulmonary leukostasis
      within 10-48 hours after initiation of chemotherapy. Clinically, the patients
      manifested fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, diffuse pulmonary rales, pleural effusions,
      and severe hypoxemia. Chest roentgenograms displayed diffuse pulmonary
      infiltrates, vascular engorgement, cardiomegaly, and pleural effusions. Three
      patients died from progressive respiratory failure despite ventilatory support.
      Pulmonary histology revealed thrombi composed of leukemic blast cells which
      obstructed and distended the lumens of pulmonary arterioles, capillaries, and
      venules. Electron microscopy studies of lung tissue showed pulmonary alveolar
      endothelium and basement membrane damage and interstitial edema. The
      pathophysiologic basis of pulmonary leukostasis and potential treatment
      modalities are discussed.

PMID- 6831347
TI  - The value of combining radiotherapy with surgery in the treatment of
      hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.
AB  - Two-hundred and six cases of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
      treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy were retrospectively analyzed. All of them
      were treated by surgery and they were divided into three therapeutic groups
      following the adjuvant radiotherapy: (A) Postoperative radiotherapy at doses
      equal to or greater than 4500 rad; (B) Postoperative radiotherapy at doses less
      than 4500 rad; and (C) Preoperative irradiation at doses less than 4500 rad.
      Group A included a greater proportion of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and
      patients with advanced tumors (T3, T4; N1b, N2, N3). However, the local and
      regional control rate in this group is significantly higher than those of the
      other groups in spite of the poor prognostic factors. The survival rate is
      comparable in all the three groups, with distant metastases more frequently found
      in group A. The results showing a significant improvement in lymph node control
      with postoperative radiotherapy, this adjuvant therapy is used systematically in
      this center in patients being operated on for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer
      with incomplete histologically defined resection and/or with lymph nodes
      histologically involved.

PMID- 6831348
TI  - Combined preoperative radiation and chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of
      the anal canal.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal were treated
      by preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The radiation therapy was
      given for 3000 rad (30 Gy) at 200 rad per day, 5 days a week, to the primary
      tumor with margin and to the pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes. Chemotherapy was
      given in the form of 5-fluorouracil infusion 1000 mg/m2 on days 1-4 of the
      radiation therapy and repeated on days 29-32 of the treatment regimen. Mitomycin
      C was given in the form of intravenous bolus for 15 mg/m2 on day 1. Surgery was
      done 4-6 weeks following the last day of radiation treatment. Twelve patients
      underwent anteroposterior resection, and seven of the 12 had no residual tumor in
      the surgical specimen, while one patient had microscopic tumor only. An
      additional 14 patients had complete clinical disappearance of their tumor, and,
      on excision of the scar, it was found free of microscopic cancer. Two other
      patients are clinically free of tumor but had no biopsy after therapy. While
      transient proctitis leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were moderate to severe, no
      serious complications were observed in these patients. Twenty-two patients are
      free of tumor and alive one to eight years after treatment. One patient died a
      cardiac death without tumor four years after surgery. Four patients, all with
      residual tumor in the specimen, have died of cancer. Their primary lesions were
      more than 7 cm in maximum diameter at initial examination. One patient died of
      disseminated disease with no local recurrence after abdominal perineal resection.

PMID- 6831349
TI  - A new approach to the management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.
AB  - Until recently most squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal were treated by
      radical surgery. Radiation therapy was only considered for palliation in case of
      inoperable tumors. Important progress has been made in the knowledge of the
      natural history of the disease and in the field of radiotherapy. Anal canal
      squamous cell carcinoma should not be treated any longer by the same procedure as
      adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum, because both these diseases differ markedly.
      Multimodality therapy with radiotherapy as first approach has been considered.
      This series of 121 cases treated since 1971 and followed more than three years
      suggests that three protocols based on irradiation followed or not by surgery
      should be used according to the extent of the disease. Of the 72 patients with
      resectable tumor, the five-year survival rate was 65%. Three-quarters of the
      patients cured had normal anal function. The rate of death from cancer was 18%.
      The method requires an accurate assessment of the extent of the tumor and of its
      pelvic lymphatic spread. Great care must be taken in planning treatment in a
      close cooperation between radiotherapist and surgeon.

PMID- 6831350
TI  - A scanning electron microscopy study of changes in the colonic mucus layer during
      chemical carcinogenesis.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the appearances of the colonic
      mucus layer of rats during chemical carcinogenesis with dimethylhydrazine. The
      normal colonic mucus layer had a dense homogeneous appearance and provided a
      complete cover for the mucosal epithelium. At high magnifications tiny
      fenestrations could be seen in this mucus layer. During carcinogenesis these
      fenestrations enlarged, increased in number, and coalesced, causing focal defects
      in the mucus layer, which eventually broke into strands and clumps of mucus. The
      findings indicate that the colonic mucus layer develops progressive abnormalities
      during carcinogenesis which result in breakdown of its integrity and exposure of
      the mucosal epithelium to colonic contents.

PMID- 6831351
TI  - Ectopic production of placental hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin and human
      placental lactogen) in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Serum hCG and hPL levels were assayed simultaneously in patients with cervical
      carcinoma and were compared with those of a miscellaneous group of malignant
      conditions. It is apparent from the results that hCG secretion is of a much wider
      occurrence as compared to hPL. There seems to be a definite relationship between
      the clinical staging and ectopic hCG and hPL production. While hCG secretion is
      predominant in the later stages, hPL is produced in the earlier stage. It
      therefore seems that hPL might prove to be helpful in early diagnosis of
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 6831352
TI  - Remnants of adenomas in colorectal carcinomas.
AB  - In consecutive large bowel resectates in patients older than age 20 years,
      primary colorectal cancer remnants of adenomas were histologically identified in
      39 of 169 carcinomas (23%). Remnants of pure tubular adenomas were seen in 17 and
      of tubulovillous adenomas in 22 cases. There was no significant difference among
      sexes, intestinal segments, or age groups older than 55 years with the regard to
      the frequency of adenomas in carcinomas. A very low are (0.05) was found in
      patients of both sexes younger than 55 years. The frequency with which adenomas
      was identified was independent of tumor size. A high rate was found in those
      carcinomas which were limited to the submucosal layer (0.57), were well
      differentiated (0.43), and had an exophytic growth (0.54). Coexisting single or
      multiple adenomas at a distance from the main tumor were significantly more
      frequent in resectates in which adenomas was detected in the carcinoma (0.51)
      than in resectates in which no adenoma contiguous with the carcinoma was seen
      (0.30). The study shows that carcinomas develop from adenomas in all parts of the
      large intestine, but it cannot be concluded that all carcinomas in noncolitic
      patients develop from adenomas.

PMID- 6831353
TI  - Prediction of early course of breast carcinoma by thymidine labeling.
AB  - The thymidine labeling index (TLI) was measured in vitro in 278 primary breast
      carcinomas. In 227 operable women treated by radical mastectomy, TLI's below the
      median of 4.55% carried a probability of relapse of 20% at four years, in
      contrast to 52% for TLI's above the median (P = 0.0001). The probability of
      relapse was significantly related to the TLI independent of TNM pathologic stage,
      axillary lymph nodal status alone, estrogen receptor (ER) content, or menopausal
      status. The abilities of the TLI and nodal status to predict early relapse were
      equally strong and independent, whereas other variables tested had less or no
      independent predictive capacity. The predictive value of the ER content depended
      largely on its relationship to the TLI, and ER was related to the probability of
      relapse in the below median TLI group only. The TLI can select a subgroup of node
      negative patients with a relapse-expectancy of approximately 50% at four years.

PMID- 6831354
TI  - Renal oncocytoma. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Seven cases of renal oncocytomas are described. Two cases were from recent
      surgical and autopsy material seen within a period of ten months. Four cases were
      reclassified as renal oncocytomas from a 20 year review of 63 renal cell
      carcinomas removed operatively. One case was identified from a nine year review
      of 31 renal cell carcinomas coded in our autopsy files. All patients were males;
      mean age was 69 years. The smallest tumor measuring 0.3 X 0.3 X 0.3 cm represents
      the smallest renal oncocytoma reported. The largest tumor weighed 2350 g. It is
      the largest renal oncocytoma so far reported in the literature. Two of the cases
      were found in polycystic kidneys. None of the seven patients presented with
      symptoms related to the tumors and the subsequent clinical course was benign in
      all cases. Differential diagnosis from renal cell carcinoma is discussed in terms
      of light and electron microscopic and radiologic aspects. The previously reported
      cases in the literature are reviewed.

PMID- 6831355
TI  - Paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Report of a rare tumor.
AB  - The rare occurrence of a paraganglioma of the cauda equina is described. The
      correct diagnosis was made only retrospectively after examination of a recurrence
      nine years after initial surgery. Paragangliomas have not been mentioned in large
      tabulations of spinal cord tumors, perhaps reflecting the fact that it is only
      within the last decade that such tumors have been recognized in this unusual
      location. A literature review has revealed six cases of paraganglioma of the
      cauda equina reported since 1970. An awareness of the possibility of a
      paraganglioma intimately associated with the spinal cord as well as the
      histopathologic appearance are the bases of a correct diagnosis. These tumors are
      histopathologically similar to paragangliomas in conventional locations, exhibit
      ultrastructural granules and may, as in the current case, also demonstrate
      argyrophilic granules.

PMID- 6831356
TI  - Paraganglioma of cauda equina. A report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of a cauda equina paraganglioma in a 13-year-old boy is described. A
      review of literature revealed six similar reported cases. All were intradural
      extramedullarly tumors located in the cauda equina-filum terminale region. In
      all, the presenting and dominant symptom was low back pain, while neurologic
      deficit was mild or absent. Excessive CSF protein levels appeared to be a
      characteristic feature of the disease. Histologically, the tumor displayed the
      typical "Zellballen" pattern, however mild nuclear pleomorphism and some mitotic
      figures were noted. As it is impossible to predict the biological behaviour of
      paragangliomas from the histologic appearance, complete surgical resection with
      close follow-up is indicated in such cases.

PMID- 6831357
TI  - De novo disseminated intravascular coagulation in angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AILD).
AB  - An elderly woman with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia
      (AILD) presented de novo with DIC in the absence of other etiologic causes for
      DIC. Complete reversal of the defibrination process occurred with vincristine,
      methyl-prednisolone, and heparin therapy. This case illustrates that
      defibrination can occur de novo in the presence of a clinically, although not
      pathologically, malignant process. AILD should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of DIC.

PMID- 6831358
TI  - Severe pruritus should be a B-symptom in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Pruritus was evaluated with respect to frequency, intensity, and prognostic
      significance in 360 patients with Hodgkin's disease. In order to discriminate
      severe from mild pruritus, the following criteria was used: (1) multiple
      excoriations; (2) ineffectiveness of local and systemic antipruritics; and (3)
      improvement with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Ninety of 360 patients had
      mild itching on admission and showed the same survival as the 249 nonitching
      cases; 21 patients presented with severe pruritus, which was also generalized,
      and showed a statistically shorter survival than that of mild and non-itching
      cases. This comparison was carried out between patients homologous with respect
      to sex, age, stage, A or B category, and histotype. Analysis of the data pointed
      out that the third requirement, i.e., improvement with antineoplastic therapy, is
      not substantial; moreover, for staging purposes, it is preferably replaced by the
      requisite of generalized pruritus. The intrinsically poor prognosis related to
      severe pruritus may be important for treatment, when this symptom occurs in early
      stages or without other systemic symptoms. The inclusion of severe pruritus among
      the Ann Arbor criteria for definition of the B-clinical category is proposed.

PMID- 6831359
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast and meningioma. Association and management.
AB  - An association between carcinoma of the breast and meningioma has been recognized
      recently. Three more cases are added to the few previously reported in the
      literature. An awareness of this association together with modern techniques of
      investigation, particularly CAT scanning, may permit earlier diagnosis and
      treatment of more cases. Meningioma as well as carcinoma of the breast is more
      common in women and the incidence of both tumors reaches a peak in the fifth and
      sixth decades. Both are related to pregnancy and have an estrogen-receptor
      protein. Lesions of the central nervous system following the diagnosis and
      treatment of breast cancer are usually presumed to be metastatic. Therefore,
      these lesions may be irradiated without complete clinical investigation. If the
      clinician is aware of this association, appropriate diagnostic procedures could
      lead to the surgical removal of a benign meningioma. Skull x-rays, bone scan,
      brain scan, CAT scan, and cerebral angiograms are useful in making a diagnosis.
      Besides surgery, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy may play a role in the
      management.

PMID- 6831360
TI  - Suspected epidural compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina by metastatic
      carcinoma. Clinical diagnosis and survival.
AB  - Data from 133 patients with cancer and suspected compression of the spinal cord
      or cauda equina was reviewed. Although there were differences in presenting
      symptoms and signs between the group of 62 patients with compression and the 71
      without, no single symptom or sign discriminated adequately between the two
      groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to try to develop an index of signs
      and symptoms which could identify those without compression, thereby sparing them
      a myelogram. Eight characteristics, in combination, proved most effective as an
      index, but they were not perfect predictors of patients with block. Final
      diagnoses in the group without compression were: vertebral metastases 35%,
      carcinomatous meningitis 24%, plexopathy and/or neuropathy 21%, other 30% (10%
      had two diagnoses). Sixty-six percent of those with compression and 50% of those
      without compression died within six months, although patients rarely survived for
      much longer.

PMID- 6831362
TI  - Evaluation of levamisole as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for treatment of ANLL.
AB  - Levamisole is a synthetic, orally administered, relatively nontoxic compound with
      immunorestorative ability. Levamisole was tested in this study of 60 adults with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) to determine if augmentation of response
      rate or duration, or survival over that obtained with a standard chemotherapy
      regimen alone would result. The chemotherapy regimens for all patients consisted
      of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside for induction and consolidation,
      methotrexate with citrovorum factor reversal in a cytoreductive phase, and late
      intensification with thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside. The first 30 patients
      received chemotherapy alone; a second group of 30 patients were scheduled to
      receive levamisole in addition to chemotherapy. Levamisole, 45 mg/m2, was
      administered orally twice daily for three consecutive days each week beginning
      one week after the initiation of induction chemotherapy and continuing until
      relapse. No significant difference emerged between the two groups with respect to
      remission rate, time to achieve remission, postrelapse survival, or total
      survival. However, a trend towards improved postcomplete remission survival (P =
      0.072) was noted in the levamisole group, and patients who received levamisole
      had a significantly greater reinduction rate after relapse (P = 0.019).

PMID- 6831361
TI  - A case-control study of risk factors for large bowel carcinoma.
AB  - Two hundred and seven large bowel cancer patients (93% of all cases diagnosed in
      a defined community between 1965 and 1976) were matched at random with non-cancer
      subjects of same age, sex, and place of residence. Men with cancer, aged 75 years
      and younger than, had a more frequent history of work in a local factory handling
      synthetic fiber than controls (22 versus 10; P less than 0.025). In this factory
      45% of cancers occurred before age 60, while this was true in only 24% of cancer
      cases outside the factory (P less than 0.05). There was a greater tendency for
      cancers in factory workers to occur in the colon than in the rectum. Heredity was
      not found to be a risk factor for large bowel cancer. The rate of prior
      appendectomy was higher in men with colon cancer (P less than 0.05) and the rate
      of prior cholecystectomy was lower in females with colonic cancer (P less than
      0.05). A previous hemorroidectomy was also found more often in males with colonic
      cancer (P less than 0.05). Long-standing severe constipation was present more
      often in patients with cancer (P less than 0.01). There was some evidence for a
      compounding influence of different risk factors, as studied by relative risk
      ratio. This study confirms the existence of a high risk of large bowel cancer in
      a group of workers in a synthetic fiber factory and suggests other factors
      antecedent to large bowel cancer.

PMID- 6831364
TI  - Plasma zinc and vitamin A in human squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.
AB  - Zinc deficiency enhances experimental esophageal tumor induction. Vitamin A
      supplementation inhibits carcinogenesis in animals. Plasma zinc and plasma
      vitamin A levels are reduced in several human squamous cancers, but have not been
      studied in a US population with esophageal cancer. Therefore, we measured plasma
      zinc and vitamin A in patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer. In
      addition, we assessed hepatic and nutritional status and attempted to control for
      other factors known to influence plasma zinc and vitamin A levels. Plasma zinc
      and vitamin A were both significantly less in esophageal carcinoma than in age
      matched healthy controls (plasma zinc 65.7 +/- 3.3 micrograms/dl [mean +/- SEM]
      in esophageal cancer versus 80.5 +/- 2.4 micrograms/dl in controls, P less than
      0.01; plasma vitamin A 32.6 +/- 3.4 micrograms/dl in esophageal cancer versus
      60.2 +/- 4.2 in controls, P less than 0.001). Overall, 15 of 17 patients with
      esophageal cancer had decreased plasma zinc and/or decreased plasma vitamin A.
      Our findings are compatible with a hypothesis that zinc or vitamin A deficiency
      may be co-factors in the induction of human esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 6831365
TI  - Cytochemical and competitive protein binding assays for estrogen receptor in
      breast disease. A comparative study of 62 cases.
AB  - Estrogen receptor content of breast lesions was estimated using a fluorescent
      cytochemical technique and a competitive protein binding assay. Of 48 cancers
      examined, an equal proportion contained significant quantities of receptor by
      either method (62.5%). The concordance between methods for individual patients
      was also 62.5%. A greater proportion (26%) of patients younger than 45 years of
      age had receptor-positive cancers using the cytochemical method than were found
      by the biochemical method (10%). Benign breast disease was also studied using the
      fluorescent cytochemical method. A greater proportion of lesions containing
      estrogen receptors was found compared with that cited in the literature for the
      competitive protein-binding assay. Because of the methodologic simplicity of the
      fluorescent cytochemical method, further study for routine use is indicated.

PMID- 6831363
TI  - Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy for colorectal carcinoma above the
      peritoneal reflection. I. Sigmoid colon.
AB  - From 1970-1981, 85 patients had curative sigmoid resections for adenocarcinoma
      and were eligible for postoperative adjuvant therapy. In a nonrandomized fashion,
      10/28 B2,3 and 7/28 C2,3 patients received postoperative pelvic radiation therapy
      (4500-5100 rad/5-6 weeks). Compared to the 39 B2,3 or C2,3 patients not receiving
      adjuvant pelvic irradiation, those 17 who did demonstrated retrospectively an
      improved pelvic regional disease control rate (70 versus 91%) and an improved
      five-year survival for irradiated B2,3 cases versus unirradiated B2,3 cases. (100
      versus 64%, P less than 0.05). C2,3 cases showed no survival advantage for pelvic
      irradiation. This retrospective analysis suggests that for sigmoid carcinoma
      patients, postoperative adjuvant pelvic irradiation may be beneficial in terms of
      improved regional disease control rates for B2,3 and C2,3 cases and also improved
      survival for B2,3 cases.

PMID- 6831366
TI  - The localization of 3H-estradiol in estrogen receptor-positive human mammary
      carcinoma as visualized by thaw-mount autoradiography.
AB  - Biochemical assays of human mammary carcinomas for estrogen receptors (ER) are of
      proven clinical usefulness. The reliability of histochemical or
      immunocytochemical methods for ER localization are less well established, and
      less is known about the distribution of estrogen binding proteins in breast
      cancer. In this report we present results of a study of the uptake and retention
      of 3H-estradiol after in vitro incubation as visualized by thaw-mount
      autoradiography in five cases of biochemically estrogen receptor-positive breast
      cancer. These neoplasms appeared to be composed of a heterogeneous population of
      labeled and unlabeled tumor cells. The number of nuclear grains varied among
      putative target cells, and the relative percentage of labeled cells differed from
      area to area. Non-neoplastic mammary ductal epithelium on occasion revealed
      significant nuclear labeling, but stromal cells, inflammatory cells, and
      endothelial cells were generally negative. The possible significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 6831368
TI  - Prognostic factors in local surgical treatment of invasive bladder cancer, with
      special reference to the presence of urothelial dysplasia.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with bladder cancer of categories pT1 or pT2 were treated
      by transurethral resection alone. At the initial diagnosis random preselected
      site mucosal biopsies were obtained to demonstrate the presence or absence of
      concomitant urothelial dysplasia. A statistically significant (P less than 0.01)
      relationship was found between the presence or absence of concomitant urothelial
      dysplasia and the development of new occurrence or the absence of recurrence at
      cystoscopic follow-up. Four of six patients with concomitant carcinoma in situ
      developed invasive bladder cancer within 6 months demonstrating the serious
      prognostic significance of this entity. Thus, the presence or absence of
      concomitant urothelial dysplasia at the initial diagnosis of invasive bladder
      cancer seems to be an important prognostic factor for future new occurrences.

PMID- 6831369
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in children. Results of management between 1970-1981.

PMID- 6831370
TI  - The size of breast masses at presentation. The impact of prior medical training.
AB  - Five hundred and sixty-nine patients with breast cancer presenting for treatment
      at a community hospital were studied. The results showed no significant change in
      tumor size at presentation or reported patient delay over a 12-year span. This
      was in spite of considerable national discussion and increasing public concern
      about this disease during this period. We compared this patient group with a
      group of 27 cancer patients with training in health professional fields: seven of
      these 27 women reported delays of more than six months between discovery of a
      mass and reporting to a physician. Their masses were somewhat larger than those
      of women not medically trained (3.82 versus 3.47 cm). These results suggest a
      need for re-evaluation of the impact of medical education on an individual's
      reaction to personal health care.

PMID- 6831367
TI  - Carcinoma of the endometrium. V. An analysis of prognosticators in patients with
      favorable subtypes and Stage I disease.
AB  - A review of the pathologic material from patients in our population based uterine
      cancer registry in Louisville, Kentucky identified three subtypes of endometrial
      carcinoma with a favorable prognosis: adenoacanthoma, adenocarcinoma with no
      specific features, and secretory carcinoma. Three subtypes with a much less
      favorable prognosis were papillary carcinoma, mixed adenosquamous carcinoma, and
      clear cell carcinoma. The other important determinants of treatment results were:
      stage of disease, age, race, nuclear grade, and depth of myometrial invasion.
      This study evaluated these prognostic determinants for the favorable subtypes
      with Stage 1 disease that were fully treated. There were 595 patient eligible for
      five-year and 380 for ten-year vital status evaluation. Only three patients were
      lost to follow-up at five years and four at ten years. The five-year survival was
      88.1% and the ten-year 74.5%. At five years 4.4% were dead of disease and at ten
      years 6.3%. There were 115 women younger than age 50. Their five-year survival
      was 98.3% and at ten years 94.6%. None was dead of disease at five years and only
      one at ten years. Black women had a significantly lower survival than did white
      women, but no black woman younger than age 50 died of disease. Nuclear grade was
      the most important histologic determinant of survival, followed by depth of
      myometrial invasion. Recommendations for treatment planning were formulated based
      on these prognosticators.

PMID- 6831371
TI  - High relative frequency of thyroid papillary carcinoma in northern Portugal.
AB  - Two hundred and twelve papillary and 40 follicular carcinomas were found in 3002
      thyroid glands examined from 1931 to 1975 in four Laboratories of Pathology that
      fairly cover northern Portugal. There was a striking preponderance of women both
      in papillary (female:male = 6.9:1) and follicular carcinoma (5.7:1). Sex-specific
      frequency of malignancy was significantly greater in men (13.3%) than in women
      (8.8%). The overall papillary/follicular ratio was 5.3:1 and did not
      significantly change throughout the study period. Papillary/follicular ratio was
      not significantly greater in litoral (5.5:1) than in regions with a low iodine
      intake and a relatively high prevalence of goiter (3.5:1). It is advanced that
      this high relative frequency of papillary carcinoma in northern Portugal, even in
      goiter areas, may reflect the existence of a racial factor since there is not
      enough evidence to support the influence of dietary iodine, previous irradiation
      and concurrent thyroiditis.

PMID- 6831372
TI  - Small nonpolypoid carcinomas of the large intestine.
AB  - Two small carcinomas of the colon were examined, one an intramucosal carcinoma
      and the other a small carcinoma invading the submucosa. Serial sections did not
      reveal any adenomatous hyperplasia or polyps in the vicinity. The colonoscopist
      must be aware of the potential clinical importance of any small mucosal
      excrescence. Although several studies have indicated that most colonic carcinomas
      develop from an adenomatous polyp, some carcinomas apparently arise de novo.
      Further study of the epidemiologic, etiologic, and prognostic factors relating to
      these apparently uncommon lesions is indicated.

PMID- 6831373
TI  - The influence of patients' age and tumor grade on the prognosis of carcinoma of
      the cervix.

PMID- 6831375
TI  - Increased in vitro tetraploidy in dermal monolayer cultures derived from normals.
AB  - Increased in vitro tetraploidy has been considered an in vitro expression of some
      cancer-prone genes in dermal monolayer cultures. (Danes BS, Alm T, Scand J
      Gastroenterol 16, 421-427, 1981; Danes BS, Cancer 48, 1596-1601, 1981). Its
      occurrence was determined in cultures established from skin biopsies from 112
      normals (university students and personnel) whose family cancer histories were
      known to ascertain its relevance to cancer occurrence based on pedigree data. Of
      the 40 who gave no family cancer history, one showed increased in vitro
      tetraploidy (1% of the total studied; 2.5% of those without a family cancer
      history). Of the 72 with one or more first- or second-degree relatives with a
      family cancer history, 14 showed this alteration (12.5% of the total studied; 19%
      of those with a family cancer history). Increased in vitro tetraploidy was found
      in some normals from families with lung, breast, genital system, and
      gastrointestinal tract cancers. It may prove ultimately to be relevant to include
      such in vitro information in medical surveillance and cancer management programs.

PMID- 6831374
TI  - Chromosome instability in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and colon epithelial-like
      cells from patients with familial polyposis coli.
AB  - Detailed chromosome studies on early-passage skin fibroblast cultures from 17
      patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) showed an increase in all classes of
      chromosome aberrations compared with controls. The most striking difference was
      in the number of cytogenetically abnormal clones, some of which reached 80-100%
      in early cultures, suggesting either presence in vivo or considerable
      proliferative advantage. The occasional occurrence of very high levels of
      tetraploidy in these cultures was thought to be a manifestation of clone
      formation. The same type of chromosome instability was found to extend to colon
      fibroblasts and lymphocytes but without evidence of clone formation, apart from
      high tetraploidy in the former. Chromosomes in colon epithelial-like cultures
      were remarkably stable initially, despite the time span of several months
      required to establish them. However, from the outset one of these cultures was
      composed of three abnormal clones. After approximately 18 months in culture,
      stable and unstable chromosome rearrangements clearly increased in all tested
      cultures, although the cells were not senescent, suggesting a possible shift
      toward malignancy.

PMID- 6831376
TI  - 14q+ and 6q- anomalies in a case with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 6831379
TI  - Serial cytogenetic study of a human glioma cell line.
AB  - Chromosome studies were performed on a human glioma cell line. Nineteen passages
      were studied, and a heterogeneous chromosome complement with variable modal
      numbers was found. The main range varied from tetraploidy to triploidy. The
      presence of identical markers (9p-, 11p+, an increase in the copies of chromosome
      No. 7) in different passages suggests a clonal evolution.

PMID- 6831377
TI  - 22q- and 8q- in a non-Burkitt lymphoma.

PMID- 6831378
TI  - A chromosomal hypothesis of oncogenesis.
AB  - A chromosomal theory of cancer is advanced, based on accrued knowledge of
      nonrandom chromosome changes in human cancer. Proposed here is that the key
      cytogenetic event in oncogenesis involves chromosome rearrangement. Through
      breakage, chromosomes are rearranged. The rearrangement may be a translocation,
      inversion, insertion, or deletion. This removes one segment of a chromosome
      (segment A) from continuity with another segment (segment B). Segment A initially
      plays a role in embryogenesis and then normally is suppressed by segment B. When
      segment A is no longer suppressed through rearrangement by segment B, its
      malignant potential becomes evident. The nature of segment A is unique to each
      cell and tissue type. Segment A, which may be a proto-oncogene, is responsible,
      when derepressed, for cell proliferation, i.e., neoplasia. This general
      hypothesis of oncogenesis is consistent with current views and facts.

PMID- 6831380
TI  - Evidence for an indirect effect of radiation on mammalian chromosomes. II. UV
      induced isochromosome formation in cell hybrids.
AB  - Cell fusion has been used to test the hypothesis that chromosomes may be damaged
      indirectly by UV light, as well as by direct interaction with DNA. Hybrids were
      found to contain isochromosomes of mouse origin, whose frequency increased as the
      dose of UV delivered to the hamster cell parent was increased. This unusual type
      of aberration was shown to be induced also by direct UV irradiation of mouse or
      hybrid cells. These results suggest that UV light has a hitherto undiscovered
      indirect effect on chromosome integrity, mediated by some irradiated cell
      component.

PMID- 6831381
TI  - Evidence for an indirect effect of radiation on mammalian chromosomes. III. UV-
      and x-ray-induced sister chromatid exchanges in heterokaryons.
AB  - The hypothesis that chromosomes may be damaged indirectly by radiation was
      examined by assaying sister chromatid exchange, (SCE) frequency in heterokaryons
      between irradiated and unirradiated mouse and Chinese hamster cells. One cell
      line was UV or x irradiated, then fused to unirradiated BrdU-labeled cells of the
      other line; SCEs in the unirradiated set were scored in heterokaryons. A dose
      dependent increase was consistently observed; the magnitude of which suggested
      that 25% of UV-induced and up to 60% of x-ray-induced SCEs are indirectly
      induced. Medium transfer experiments, cell mixing, and fusion with irradiated
      chick erythrocyte ghosts suggested that unirradiated chromosomes in heterokaryons
      are damaged by a stable, nondiffusible cytoplasmic component contributed by the
      irradiated cell.

PMID- 6831382
TI  - Mutagenic activity of norharman and harman in Chinese hamster lung cells in
      assays with diphtheria toxin resistance as a marker.

PMID- 6831383
TI  - Enhancement of mitogenic stimuli by phosphatidylinositol.
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol added to the medium markedly stimulated the growth-promoting
      effect of mitogens in normal cells (human lymphocytes and mouse embryo
      fibroblasts). However, it did not significantly affect quiescent cells or
      proliferating tumor cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). The results are consistent with
      the suggested role of phosphatidylinositol in the widespread mechanism of calcium
      mobilization.

PMID- 6831384
TI  - Soluble and insoluble nickel compounds induce DNA repair synthesis in cultured
      mammalian cells.
AB  - The induction of DNA repair was investigated in cultured Syrian hamster embryo
      (SHE) cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by cesium chloride equilibrium
      gradient sedimentation techniques following exposure to NiCl2, amorphous NiS,
      crystalline NiS and crystalline Ni3S2. Significant repair was induced in CHO
      cells by 1 microgram/ml of crystalline NiS following 24 h of treatment while 5
      micrograms/ml caused more than twice the repair activity. In contrast amorphous
      NiS at 10 micrograms/ml for 24 h induced little repair in these cells. Similarly
      amorphous NiS did not induce repair at 5-10 micrograms/ml for 24 h in SHO cells
      while crystalline Ni3S2, and NiCl2 caused substantial induction of DNA repair
      synthesis at 10 micrograms/ml or 100 microM, respectively. These results
      demonstrate that nickel compounds which are potent transforming agents and induce
      damage to DNA also result in the induction of DNA repair. Repair synthesis was
      detected at concentrations of metal compounds which result in no detectable
      damage to DNA.

PMID- 6831385
TI  - Tumorigenicity of citrinin in male F344 rats.
AB  - This study reports on the tumorigenicity of citrinin, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin.
      Male F344 rats were fed 0.1% citrinin in the diet for up to 80 weeks. The first
      renal tumor was seen grossly in a rat receiving citrinin which was killed at week
      52. Histopathology of the kidneys showed renal adenomas in 35 of 48 (72.9%) rats
      that survived after 40 weeks. No renal tumors were seen in the control rats.

PMID- 6831386
TI  - Nicotinamide methyltransferase inhibition by S-adenosylethionine.
AB  - An assay for nicotinamide methyltransferase which uses an Affi-Gel 601 boronate
      column to separate substrate from product has been used to study the inhibition
      of the nicotinamide methylase. S-Adenosylethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine
      inhibited the enzyme in a dose dependent fashion. Five times more S
      adenosylethionine than S-adenosylhomocysteine was necessary for 50% inhibition of
      the enzyme. Data from a substrate concentration curve supports a competitive type
      of inhibition for both inhibitors. It is proposed that this inhibition may alter
      liver levels of nicotinamide and the urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide.

PMID- 6831387
TI  - Determination of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by analysis of
      human urine.
AB  - A method for biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAH) has been developed. The analytical procedure includes
      extraction of PAH and PAH metabolites from urine using commercial cartridges
      containing C18-modified silica, reduction of metabolites to PAH by hydriodic acid
      and subsequent analysis of the PAH by high performance liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection. The method is applied to urine samples from an
      occupationally non-exposed control group and from aluminum workers with high
      exposure to PAH. In the control group urine extracts from smokers show a
      significantly higher level of PAH than from non-smokers. The high concentrations
      of PAH found in the working atmospheres of aluminum plants are not reflected to a
      corresponding extent in the excretion of PAH in urine.

PMID- 6831388
TI  - Apparent ineffectiveness of adriamycin for growth of androgen-dependent Shionogi
      carcinoma 115 in the mouse.
AB  - Although adriamycin (1 mg/kg) and 5-fluorouracil (25 mg/kg) were equally
      effective in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma, both ascites and solid
      forms, in the mouse, the growth of Shionogi carcinoma 115 in the male DS mouse
      was relatively resistant to the treatment with adriamycin as compared to 5
      fluorouracil. However, direct cytotoxic activity of adriamycin in cultured
      Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC 115) cells was about 1000-fold molar potent when
      compared with 5-fluorouracil. The apparent ineffectiveness of adriamycin against
      SC 115 in the DS mouse seems to be, at least in part, due to the depression of
      host defence mechanisms.

PMID- 6831389
TI  - Carcinogenic effect of nitrosomorpholine administered in the drinking water to
      Syrian golden hamsters.
AB  - The long term carcinogenic effect of nitrosomorpholine (NM) was tested in Syrian
      golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus W.). Groups of 30 females and 30 males were
      given 0.010%, 0.005% and 0.001% NM in their drinking water. The animals developed
      neoplasms in the larynx, and trachea (papillary polyps, papillomas and epidermoid
      carcinomas) and in the liver (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas). In
      addition to these, cholangiocellular and endothelial liver tumours were observed.
      The overall tumour frequency was dose dependent.

PMID- 6831390
TI  - On the formation of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3
      pyridyl)-1-butanone during smoking.
AB  - Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) are the most abundant carcinogens
      identified in tobacco and its smoke. Reducing their levels in tobacco products
      and especially in cigarette smoke is, therefore, a primary goal towards
      minimizing the carcinogenic burden of the tobacco consumer. This study delineates
      the mechanisms of formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
      (NNK), the most powerful of the carcinogenic TSNA during cigarette smoking. It
      demonstrates, by means of radiolabeled tracer compounds that 6.9-11.0% of the NNK
      formed in tobacco during the curing process transfers into the mainstream smoke.
      This constitutes 26-37% of the NNK present in the smoke. Addition of [methyl-14C]
      nicotine to cigarettes, prior to smoking, led to the finding that 0.001% of
      nicotine in the cigarette column appears in the smoke as NNK. Thus, 63-74% of NNK
      in smoke is formed during smoking. NNK yield in the smoke was independent of
      nitrate content of the tobacco. These data serve to devise methods of reducing
      TSNA in smoke.

PMID- 6831392
TI  - Carcinogen induced DNA damage in isolated rat liver nuclei.
AB  - Alkali-labile DNA lesions were detected by a hydroxylapatite batch assay
      following incubation of isolated rat liver nuclei with direct and indirect-acting
      alkylating agents. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (20-200 microM)
      produced a steep, concentration-related decrease in double stranded DNA. In
      contrast, only minimal effects on DNA integrity were observed with methylmethane
      sulfonate (200 microM). The bifunctional alkylating agent, mechlorethamine
      produced an apparent increase in double-stranded DNA in accord with its ability
      to induce interstrand DNA crosslinks. The indirect-acting alkylating agent,
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced DNA damage only when an NADPH generating system
      was included in the incubation mixture. These results suggest that isolated rat
      liver nuclei may be a useful model for studying the effects of mutagenic and
      carcinogenic chemicals on the integrity of chromosomal DNA.

PMID- 6831391
TI  - A method to detect tumors and presumed somatic mutations in mice.
AB  - A method was tested to detect both tumors and somatic mutations in mice. When HT
      A/J F1 embryos were treated with ethylnitrosourea on day 11 of gestation, a
      single injection was enough to induce tumors and presumed somatic mutations of
      coat color in significantly high incidence. Urethane, treated in a similar way,
      induced somatic mutations and malformations in the offspring. Tumor incidence was
      also increased but was not significantly different from controls. Treatment on
      day 13 was too late to induce somatic mutations and malformations, while high
      incidence of tumors were induced.

PMID- 6831393
TI  - Microsome-dependent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to initiator tRNA from rat liver.

PMID- 6831394
TI  - The effects of serum and phorbol ester tumor promoter on ornithine decarboxylase
      activity in Swiss 3T3 cells.
AB  - Addition of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to
      serum-deprived mouse 3T3 cells resulted in an increase in ornithine decarboxylase
      activity which is maximal at 3 h and declined thereafter. Addition of serum to
      these same cells resulted in an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) response which was
      identical to the TPA-induced response at 3 h but continued to increase to a
      maximum at 6 h. A variant line of 3T3 cells, which possessed phorbol ester
      receptors, failed to increase its ODC in response to TPA. Also, the early
      component of the serum-induced ODC response was markedly diminished. These data
      suggest that phorbol ester tumor promoters may induce an early component of a
      more extensive ODC response, and that a component of serum may act through the
      same pathway as the phorbol esters.

PMID- 6831395
TI  - Mutagenicity of pyrolysates of salt-tolerant bacteria from food and cigarettes.
AB  - Smoke condensates obtained by pyrolysis of the cells of microorganisms isolated
      from food and cigarettes and of laboratory cultures were shown to be mutagenic to
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in incorporation with liver microsomal
      fraction S-9 mix. The smoke condensates from salt-tolerant bacteria, which
      belonged to Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium spp., showed higher
      mutagenic activity than those from other less salt-tolerant organisms, fish flesh
      or pork. Smoke deriving from microorganisms, especially salt-tolerant ones, in
      food or cigarettes as well as from food components might take part in human
      carcinogenesis because of the correlation between mutagenicity and
      carcinogenicity.

PMID- 6831396
TI  - Metabolic disposition of N,N-dibenzyldaunorubicin in the rat.
AB  - The more efficacious and less cardiotoxic analogue of daunorubicin, N,N
      dibenzyldaunorubicin (B2D), was found to be metabolized in rats by stepwise
      debenzylation that was superimposed on the known anthracycline metabolism via 13
      ketone reduction and deglycosidation. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography
      for resolution and fluorescence for detection, we observed a series of
      metabolites in plasma, liver, heart, muscle, and lungs of rats receiving 10 mg
      B2D per kg, i.v., i.p., and p.o. Rats receiving 40 mg B2D per kg, i.v., died
      immediately, but this dose given p.o. was not lethal during 24 hr. Patterns of
      B2D and metabolites varied quantitatively with tissue and route of
      administration. Rat liver perfusion studies indicated extensive metabolism of B2D
      compared with limited metabolism of doxorubicin. These observations were
      consistent with an observed major first-pass effect on B2D in intact rats given
      B2D p.o. The predominant metabolites of B2D were the glycosidic derivatives, N
      benzyldaunorubicin, daunorubicin, and their 13-dihydro derivatives. These
      metabolites of B2D had exhibited activity against mouse leukemia P388 as did B2D
      and were active in in vitro tests in which B2D was essentially inactive. These
      results indicate that B2D acts as a prodrug for a series of active metabolites.
      Conversion of B2D to these metabolites was relatively more efficient after p.o.
      administration than following i.v. or i.p. treatments.

PMID- 6831397
TI  - Influence of the interval between primary tumor removal and chemotherapy on
      kinetics and growth of metastases.
AB  - In many animal models, primary tumor removal produces increased proliferation of
      cells in metastatic foci. The present investigations using a murine mammary tumor
      were carried out to determine how a variation in the time interval between
      primary tumor removal and administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide
      (CY) affected labeling indices of residual tumor cells, their growth, and animal
      survival. The CY (240 mg/kg) had a more favorable effect when given on the day of
      tumor removal than 3 days after, a time when the labeling index (LI) of
      metastases was at a peak. It was least effective if given at 7 days following
      primary tumor excision, when the LI had returned to the preoperative level. The
      greatest effect occurred when the CY was given prior to operation. It completely
      prevented the increase in LI resulting from tumor removal, more effectively
      suppressed the growth of residual tumor, and prolonged survival to a greater
      extent than was noted under any other circumstance. The interval between tumor
      removal and administration of a relatively small amount of CY (60 mg/kg) was
      critical. When given on the day of tumor removal, an increase in LI of the
      residual focus occurred which was greater than that occurring as a result of
      tumor removal. When given 3 days after tumor removal, the smaller dose was almost
      as effective in suppressing LI as was the larger. From a kinetic standpoint,
      there was no advantage in reducing the tumor burden prior to the use of
      chemotherapy. The tumor response in this model suggests that, for the most
      effective control of metastases, the largest tolerable dose of chemotherapy would
      best be used at the time of or before primary tumor removal. The results provide
      a biological rationale for the use of perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 6831399
TI  - Experimental antitumor activity and toxicity of a new chemotherapeutic agent, BBM
      928A.

PMID- 6831401
TI  - Characteristics of the metabolism-induced binding of misonidazole to hypoxic
      mammalian cells.
AB  - [14C]Misonidazole (MISO) becomes bound to macromolecules of mammalian cells upon
      hypoxic incubation. Intracellular enzyme processes are implicated since the
      temperature dependence for this process showed an activation energy of 33.5
      kcal/mol. The sensitizer bound to both hypoxic and aerobic cells was associated
      with the macromolecular fraction and the soluble fraction in the proportion, 23
      and 77%, respectively. The initial rate of binding of [14C]MISO to the
      macromolecular (acid-insoluble) fraction of hypoxic EMT-6 mouse tumor and V-79
      hamster cells increased proportionally with the square root of extracellular
      concentration of MISO up to at least 5mM. High concentrations of dimethyl
      sulfoxide (an effective OH radical scavenger), allopurinol (an effective
      inhibitor of xanthine oxidase), and diamide (a chemical which can deplete
      cellular levels of glutathione) had little or no effect on this metabolism
      induced binding process. The addition of high concentrations of exogenous
      cysteamine to hypoxic cell cultures resulted in almost complete inhibition of
      binding. Extracellular bovine albumin at high concentration in hypoxic cell
      cultures had little effect on the production of adducts to cell macromolecules
      and only small amounts of [14C]MISO were found to bind to the extra-cellular
      bovine albumin. This result suggests that MISO preferentially binds to molecules
      within the cell in which it is metabolically activated. In experiments where
      cells labeled under hypoxic conditions with [14C]MISO were subsequently permitted
      to proliferate in aerobic monolayers, a half-life of the acid-insoluble addition
      products of approximately 55 hr was measured. A large number of [14C]MISO adducts
      (approximately 10(9)/cell) can be generated in hypoxic cells without any evidence
      of cytotoxicity, and they are slowly cleared from cells. These are favorable
      characteristics as regards the development of this technique as a marker for
      hypoxic cells in solid tumors.

PMID- 6831398
TI  - Recruitment of noncycling tumor cells into proliferation by isoproterenol.
AB  - The resistance of tumors to conventional anticancer therapy is partially
      determined by the fraction of noncycling cells they contain. In several normal
      tissues, isoproterenol can stimulate cell proliferation. The effect of
      isoproterenol on the EMT6/St tumor grown both intradermally in BALB/c mice and in
      vitro as multicell spheroids was investigated. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine
      (5 microCi/g, 6.7 Ci/mmol) into DNA was determined as a function of time after
      i.p. injection of isoproterenol (0.15 mg/g). Tissue section autoradiographs of
      the EMT6 tumors were prepared, and labeling indices were determined. EMT6
      spheroids were exposed to isoproterenol and labeled with [3H]thymidine in a
      manner designed to simulate drug exposure in vivo. In EMT6 tumors, the labeling
      index rose from a control level of 30% to a peak of 53% at 25 hr; it then
      declined gradually for the next 30 hr. This may be interpreted as evidence that
      cells were recruited into proliferation. In contrast, isoproterenol had minimal
      effects on EMT6 spheroids, implying that recruitment caused by this drug was not
      a direct effect on individual cells.

PMID- 6831400
TI  - Adenine nucleotide transport in hepatoma mitochondria and its correlation with
      hepatoma growth rates and tumor size.
AB  - Initial rates of [3H]adenosine diphosphate and [3H]adenosine triphosphate uptake
      were measured in mitochondria isolated from normal rat liver, regenerating liver,
      mouse hepatoma BW7756, and four Morris hepatomas (7777, 7800, 7794A, and 16) of
      varying degrees of malignancy. Results obtained demonstrate that (a) the apparent
      Km and Vmax values for adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate uptake
      are significantly lower in hepatoma compared to normal or regenerating liver
      mitochondria, (b) the Vmax values for adenosine diphosphate uptake correlate with
      tumor growth rate, and (c) the Km values for adenosine triphosphate in both
      hepatoma and normal mitochondria are lowered in the presence of added uncoupling
      agents; however, the extent of decrease is much less in fast-growing tumors than
      in slow-growing tumors and normal tissues. Studies examining the causes of
      reduced transport rates in hepatoma mitochondria showed that they are independent
      of the mitochondrial energy state and associated with substantially lower levels
      of the total and exchangeable adenine nucleotides. Additional studies revealed
      that transport rates are also dependent on the size of the tumor from which the
      mitochondria are isolated. Mitochondria isolated from small tumors (less than 2
      g) had higher transport rates as well as higher levels of exchangeable and total
      adenine nucleotides than those isolated from larger tumors (4 to 6 g). Endogenous
      inhibitor levels also varied as a function of tumor size; free fatty acid levels
      increased, whereas acyl coenzyme A levels declined in mitochondria isolated from
      larger tumors. These results seem to indicate that, during the progression of
      tumor growth, mitochondria are experiencing cellular environmental changes that
      will affect overall tumor cell metabolism.

PMID- 6831402
TI  - Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in normal and
      neoplastic development of the mouse mammary gland.
AB  - This study was divided into three experiments. (a) The levels of selenium and
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity were determined for various
      developmental states of the mammary gland: normal (virgin, pregnant, and
      lactating); preneoplastic hyperplastic outgrowth lines; and neoplastic mammary
      tissues. Tissues from the pregnant and lactating mice had higher selenium
      concentrations and GSH-PX activities than did tissues from virgin mice, but the
      levels were similar to levels found in preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary
      tissues of lines C4 and D2. This suggests that the appropriate comparisons for
      studies determining the effect of selenium on preneoplastic mammary tissues are
      glands from pregnant and lactating mice. In addition, these results suggest that
      the refractory state of mammary tumors to selenium-mediated growth inhibition is
      not due to the absence of GSH-PX or the inability to incorporate selenium. (b)
      For the second experiment, the effect of feeding various levels of selenium on
      selenium and GSH-PX levels was determined in mammary and hepatic tissues of
      virgin mice. GSH-PX activity increased when dietary selenium increased from less
      than 0.02 to 0.1 ppm selenium but was not further increased when dietary selenium
      was above 0.1 ppm. (c) Finally, the mammary GSH-PX activity was evaluated at
      different concentrations of the substrates in order to document the biochemical
      characteristics of the mammary gland GSH-PX.

PMID- 6831403
TI  - Genetic, biochemical, and cross-resistance studies with mutants of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells resistant to the anticancer drugs, VM-26 and VP16-213.

PMID- 6831404
TI  - Hormonal and dietary regulation of hepatic enzymes in tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - Enzymes in the histologically normal liver of hosts of mammary carcinomas were
      examined for their responsiveness to endocrine and dietary modulations.
      Treatments with the developmental stimuli of alanine aminotransferase
      (glucocorticoids) and of pyruvate kinase (thyroid hormone) which had no effect in
      control adult rats raised the levels of these enzymes in the tumor-bearing rats.
      The latter also showed a greater percentage of increase in malic enzyme upon
      thyroid hormone administration than did control animals. The tumor-induced
      increase in hexokinase remained unaltered by the various dietary treatments;
      enzymes at subnormal levels were raised (glucokinase, malic enzymes, and pyruvate
      kinase) or further decreased (alanine aminotransferase and ornithine
      aminotransferase) by excessive carbohydrate intake in immature and adult
      experimental rats. The normal upsurge of glucokinase and malic enzyme upon
      weaning to the standard solid diet (from the relatively low-carbohydrate
      containing milk) was prevented by cancerous growth in the organism. Similarly,
      the standard diet, which reversed within 2 days the partial loss of these enzymes
      in normal adult rats fasted for 48 hr, had no restorative effect on the
      essentially complete loss of the glucokinase and the very low malic enzyme
      activity in the fasted tumor bearers. The results suggest that failure in the
      dietary adaptations of hepatic enzymes as well as diminutions of their basal
      levels contributes to the clinically observed abnormalities in the glucose
      metabolism of cancer subjects.

PMID- 6831406
TI  - Cellular pharmacology of 3'-(4-morpholinyl) and 3'-(4-methoxy-1-piperidinyl)
      derivatives of 3'-deaminodaunorubicin in human colon carcinoma cells in vitro.

PMID- 6831405
TI  - Collateral sensitivity to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid in a line of P388
      leukemia cells selected for resistance to L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3- chloro
      4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (acivicin).
AB  - Administration of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) is ineffective in
      treating mice bearing the parent P388 leukemia line; however, such treatment
      becomes highly effective when a cell line, P388/ACIA, derived from P388/0 was
      selected for resistance to another antimetabolite, acivicin. The observed
      phenomenon of collateral sensitivity is associated with a significantly higher
      inhibition of the specific activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II,
      pyrimidine nucleoside kinases, adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, and
      hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in the PALA-sensitive line, P388/ACIA.
      Twenty-four hr following administration of PALA, 200 mg/kg, the 10% lethal dose
      i.p. to tumor-bearing mice, the intracellular concentrations of uridine
      triphosphate and cytidine triphosphate were decreased in the P388/ACIA, PALA
      sensitive cells, whereas no significant change in the corresponding nucleotide
      pool sizes was observed in P388/0, PALA-resistant line. Moreover, the purine
      nucleotide pool demonstrated a significant expansion of adenosine triphosphate
      and guanosine triphosphate only in the P388/ACIA line following a similar
      treatment with PALA. It is proposed that the imbalance in the generation of
      pyrimidine and purine nucleoside triphosphate pools may explain the observed
      collateral sensitivity to PALA in P388/ACIA leukemia line.

PMID- 6831407
TI  - Effects of acivicin and dipyridamole on hepatoma 3924A cells.
AB  - Dipyridamole inhibited the incorporation of cytidine, thymidine, uridine, and
      guanosine in rat hepatoma 3924A cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.2
      to 0.5 microM. For deoxycytidine, the 50% inhibitory concentration was about 100
      times higher (23.8 microM). Addition of a combination of cytidine, deoxycytidine,
      and guanosine, at an optimal concentration of 80 microM each, protected the
      hepatoma cells from the growth-inhibitory action of the antiglutamine drug,
      acivicin. The protection provided by the nucleosides was blocked by dipyridamole
      (6 microM), but not by nitrobenzylthionosine (30 microM). The effect on cell
      survival of graded concentrations of 0.25 to 1.75 microM acivicin plus
      dipyridamole (5 microM) and 80 microM concentrations each of cytidine,
      deoxycytidine, and guanosine was investigated. At an acivicin concentration of
      1.75 microM, survivals in the different groups were: (a) acivicin alone, 1%; (b)
      acivicin plus dipyridamole, 1%; (c) acivicin plus nucleosides, 78%; and (d)
      acivicin plus nucleosides plus dipyridamole, 3%. Acivicin and dipyridamole were
      cytotoxic for hepatoma 3924A cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 and
      20.3 microM, respectively, as measured by clonogenic assay.

PMID- 6831408
TI  - Protection against heat-induced cell killing by polyols in vitro.
AB  - The polyols erythritol and adonitol reduced 45 degrees heat killing in
      asynchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells. Heat protection by glycerol and
      erythritol increased with the apparent intracellular concentration, as inferred
      from cell volume measurements, and the number of hydroxyl groups per alcohol
      molecule. The nonlinear tetrahydroxy alcohol pentaerythritol did not protect but
      sensitized to heat killing. On cell survival curves, the reduced cell killing of
      protected cells was expressed by an increased Do for the pentahydroxy alcohol
      adonitol (0.3 M), whereas equimolar concentrations of glycerol increased
      primarily the Dq (quasithreshold dose) with little increase in Do. The
      distribution of Chinese hamster ovary cells within the cell cycle was unaffected
      by the presence of 0.3 M glycerol in the culture medium. However, the polyols
      erythritol and sorbitol caused a small but significant loss of cells from the
      heat-resistant G1 compartment. The cell cycle redistribution with prolonged
      incubation (6 hr) in polyol-supplemented medium is expected to increase the heat
      sensitivity of the perturbed cell population; the observed heat protection by
      polyols suggests that heat resistance in the presence of polyols is not an
      artifact of an asynchronous cell system. Instead, the data identify a family of
      heat-protective compounds that may occur naturally in mammalian cells.

PMID- 6831409
TI  - Induction of mammary gland carcinomas by the subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-1
      nitrosourea.
AB  - The efficacy of s.c. administration of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) for the
      induction of mammary carcinomas was compared with the i.v. method of carcinogen
      injection in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Group-housed animals fed a laboratory
      chow diet and distilled water ad libitum throughout the study were injected at 50
      days of age with 50 mg MNU per kg body weight. The carcinogen was given either
      s.c. or i.v., via the jugular vein, to one of the two groups of 20 rats each.
      Animals were palpated for tumor detection weekly and necropsied 180 days after
      injection with the carcinogen. At the termination of the study, 180 days
      postcarcinogen, cancer incidences were similar, 95 versus 90% in animals given
      MNU either s.c. or i.v. with an average of 3.9 and 3.9 cancers per rat,
      respectively. Time of tumor appearances were essentially identical under both
      treatment conditions. Using either method of carcinogen administration resulted
      in the induction of approximately 2.4 times more carcinomas in the cervical
      thoracic mammary glands than in the abdominal-inguinal glands with no differences
      observed in cancer occurrence in the left versus the right mammary gland chains.
      The data indicate that s.c. administration of MNU is as effective and specific in
      the induction of mammary carcinomas as is i.v. administration. The s.c. method
      has the advantage of being easier and faster to perform and permits reproducible
      treatment of large numbers of rats by a small technical staff.

PMID- 6831410
TI  - Protection by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid against radiation
      induced leg contractures in mice.
AB  - S-2-(3-Aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) was shown to provide
      marked protection against development of radiation-induced leg contractures in
      C3Hf/Kam mice whose legs were exposed to single doses of gamma-radiation. The
      radiation doses ranged from 3300 to 6200 rads delivered to the right hind thighs
      from two parallelly opposed 137Cs sources. WR-2721 was given i.p. 30 min before
      irradiation. The severity of radiation-induced leg contractures in untreated and
      WR-2721-treated mice was followed for 342 days after irradiation. The degree of
      leg contractures in both control and WR-2721-treated mice increased up to 100
      days after radiation, when the change stabilized, remaining more or less at the
      same level to the end of the observation period. During this entire period, the
      severity of contractures was less in WR-2721-treated mice. The dose-modifying
      factor for the level of 5 mm reduction in leg extension was 1.5 at 182 days after
      irradiation. Since WR-2721 did not prevent the radiocurability of 8-mm
      fibrosarcomas growing in the same legs, these data imply that WR-2721 has a high
      potential for increasing therapeutic gain when combined with irradiation in the
      treatment of tumors of an appreciable size.

PMID- 6831411
TI  - Inhibition of lung tumor colonization by leech salivary gland extracts from
      Haementeria ghilianii.
AB  - Salivary gland extract from the South American leech Haementeria ghilianii,
      administered i.v. on the same day as the i.v. inoculation of T241 sarcoma cells,
      completely suppresses colonization of the mediastinal lymph nodes and markedly
      reduces the number and size of lung tumor colonies produced by this tumor.
      Additional studies indicate that the extract contains various types of proteinase
      inhibitors and has the capacity to inhibit clotting and platelet aggregation by
      tumor material and collagen. Although not yet proved by direct evidence, these
      activities may be involved in the inhibitory effect of lung tumor colonization by
      the leech extract.

PMID- 6831412
TI  - Selenium inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of selenium (Na2SeO3) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
      induced colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats is presented. A 4-ppm
      selenium supplement to the drinking water was provided concurrently with DMH
      treatment and continued until death or sacrifice. Rats were administered 10
      weekly injections of 10 mg DMH per kg body weight. Thirtyone weeks following the
      tenth DMH injection, all surviving animals were sacrificed. At sacrifice, the
      colon tumor incidence in DMH-only controls was 8 of 28 (29%). Selenium
      supplementation significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the colon tumor
      incidence to 1 of 37 (3%). The cumulative colon tumor incidence for all animals
      found dead or sacrificed was also significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced from
      11 of 40 in DMH controls to 3 of 40 in DMH-selenium-supplemented rats. The total
      number of colon tumors was reduced from 13 to 3, and the average number of tumors
      per rat from 1.2 to 1.0 by supplemental selenium. The majority (greater than 65%)
      of all tumors were located in the distal colon. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and complete blood count were normal and
      equivalent for the DMH only, DMH-selenium, and untreated control groups in this
      study. The glutathione S-transferase activity in liver cytosol preparations was
      increased from 39.6 +/- 7.3 (S.D.) microM product/min/mg (DMH only) to 67.6 +/-
      5.8 microM product/min/mg by selenium only and to 54.3 +/- 10.6 microM
      product/min/mg in selenium-DMH-treated rats. Protection by selenium may in part
      be attributed to enhanced detoxification of carcinogenic electrophiles.

PMID- 6831413
TI  - Noninhibitory effect of antioxidants ethoxyquin, 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
      and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene on hepatic peroxisome proliferation and
      peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation induced by a hypolipidemic agent in rats.

PMID- 6831414
TI  - Establishment and characterization of an in vitro model system for human
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - Ten permanent clones derived from a single biopsy specimen of an untreated human
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach were established and characterized in vitro. Tissue
      culture growth properties, doubling times, plating efficiencies, growth
      fractions, cell cycle phase distributions, DNA indices, modal chromosome numbers,
      and ploidies were determined. Growth fractions were nearly 100%, and doubling
      times ranged from 23 to 37 hr. The plating efficiencies were generally high for
      tumor cells in culture, ranging up to 70%. Modal chromosome numbers varied from
      45 to 48, with a wider range of variability in about 25% of the cells studied in
      each clone. In addition, the parent cell line (from which the clones were
      isolated) was shown to grow in athymic mice and to have the same histochemical
      and cytological characteristics as the specimen taken from the patient. It is
      important to characterize human tumor cells in vitro in this detailed manner,
      since they serve as excellent model systems for other studies involving the
      heterogeneous responses to drugs and radiation. The identification of mechanisms
      of drug sensitivity and resistance and the testing of drug and radiation
      combination treatment schedules in such in vitro systems can provide valuable
      insight into the design of clinical protocols for treatment of stomach cancer in
      humans.

PMID- 6831415
TI  - Changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity during diethylnitrosamine- or 2
      acetylaminofluorene-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 6831416
TI  - Structural changes in murine cancer associated with hyperthermia and lidocaine.
AB  - Hyperthermia alone and hyperthermia with lidocaine cause changes in the fine
      structure of the CA755 tumor cell as well as the breakdown of the tumor
      vasculature. The first structural change, observed immediately after termination
      of hyperthermia of 43.5 degrees for 1 hr, is the vesiculation of the Golgi
      apparatus. Other structural changes occur later but with variable times of onset.
      The changes appear to be unrelated to the presence of lidocaine. Vascular
      breakdown results in hemorrhaging within the tumor, and its onset and intensity
      appear to vary directly with the size of the tumor. Breakdown of the tumor cell
      plasmalemma and degenerative changes of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are seen
      more frequently in large tumors and in the interior of small tumors at any given
      time after the end of hyperthermia. The vesiculation of the Golgi persists in
      treated cells for as long as 30 hr. This modification may represent an
      intensification in the function of the Golgi apparatus; however, it closely
      corresponds to that found in a variety of other cells treated with a class of
      compounds, including lidocaine, that specifically inhibits the function of the
      Golgi apparatus. The effect of these compounds is rapidly reversible, unlike
      hyperthermia. Since the Golgi apparatus probably is crucial in repairing any
      deleterious effects of hyperthermia, any impairment of its normal function would
      place most treated tumor cells in a difficult position. The rate of tumor
      destruction may ultimately depend on the breakdown of the tumor vasculature
      following hyperthermia and lidocaine.

PMID- 6831417
TI  - Effect of retinoic acid on the synthesis of glycoproteins of mouse skin tumors
      during progression from promoted skin through papillomas to carcinomas.
AB  - Papillomas and carcinomas were induced on the skin of mice by initiation with
      dimethylbenzanthracene, followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate. Retinoic acid was applied topically, either chronically, throughout the
      promotion period, or acutely, to the papillomas or carcinomas. All tumor types
      were verified histologically. Tumor tissue was incubated with labeled glucosamine
      and labeled glycoproteins released into media were fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex.
      For papillomas, one peak (eluted with 0.17 M NaCl) appeared and another (0.40 M)
      all but disappeared as a result of retinoic acid treatment. Carcinomas also
      showed the 0.40 M peak released by papillomas, which was also suppressed by
      retinoic acid. Carcinomas released a 0.26 M peak instead of the 0.17 M peak in
      response to the retinoid. All three peaks yielded single, symmetrical peaks on
      gel filtration columns. They were all resistant to mild alkaline hydrolysis.
      Labeling experiments revealed the presence also of mannose, galactose, and traces
      of fucose in all three glycoproteins. The 0.17 and 0.26 M peaks were bound by
      concanavalin A-Sepharose columns, the 0.40 M peak was not. Molecular weights, as
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were
      approximately 80,000 and 105,000 (0.17 M peak), 67,000 (0.26 M peak), 70,000 and
      80,000 (0.4 M peak).

PMID- 6831418
TI  - Selection of metastatic variants from heterogeneous tumor cell lines using the
      chicken chorioallantoic membrane and nude mouse.
AB  - The chicken chorioallantoic membrane was used to select variant tumor cell
      subpopulations from the murine melanoma B16-BL6 and the rat glioma C6 cell lines.
      Tumor cells were deposited on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane of eggs 10
      days postfertilization. Upon hatching, chickens were autopsied, and organs were
      removed, minced, and implanted s.c. in C57BL/6J mice (for melanoma) or nude mice
      (for glioma). A glioma growing s.c. from a chicken lung implant metastasized to
      the liver of the recipient nude mouse, and a melanoma growing s.c. from a chicken
      liver implant metastasized to the lung of its murine host. The s.c. melanoma
      contained distinct black and gray areas. Cell lines were established from the
      s.c. glioma (C6-V-1), from a metastasis of the C6-V-1 tumor (C6-V-2), and from
      the black and gray regions of the melanoma. Marked differences in lung
      colonization were seen 14 days after 1 X 10(5) parent BL6, Black, or Gray
      cultured cells were injected by tail vein into C57BL mice. In four separate
      experiments, fewer than 15 lung foci per mouse were found when BL6 cells were
      injected, whereas 100 to several hundred lung melanoma colonies per mouse were
      observed when Black or Gray cells were inoculated. Four of 18 nude mice bearing
      the s.c. C6-V-1 glioma developed liver metastases; no metastases have been
      observed in 15 nude mice bearing the s.c. parent C6 glioma. Significant
      differences in sensitivities to antineoplastic drugs were demonstrated between
      parent and variant glioma cell lines. The 33-fold increase in sensitivity to
      vincristine determined for C6-V-1 cells compared to parent C6 cells was
      particularly striking. Results suggest that the use of the chicken
      chorioallantoic membrane in situ, together with the nude mouse, might provide a
      method suitable for the selection and isolation of aggressive variants in
      heterogeneous human tumors.

PMID- 6831419
TI  - Capability of urinary components to enhance ornithine decarboxylase activity and
      promote urothelial tumorigenicity.

PMID- 6831420
TI  - LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - The LNCaP cell line was established from a metastatic lesion of human prostatic
      adenocarcinoma. The LNCaP cells grow readily in vitro (up to 8 x 10(5) cells/sq
      cm; doubling time, 60 hr), form clones in semisolid media, are highly resistant
      to human fibroblast interferon, and show an aneuploid (modal number, 76 to 91)
      human male karyotype with several marker chromosomes. The malignant properties of
      LNCaP cells are maintained. Athymic nude mice develop tumors at the injection
      site (volume-doubling time, 86 hr). Functional differentiation is preserved; both
      cultures and tumor produce acid phosphatase. High-affinity specific androgen
      receptors are present in the cytosol and nuclear fractions of cells in culture
      and in tumors. Estrogen receptors are demonstrable in the cytosol. The model is
      hormonally responsive. In vitro, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone modulates cell
      growth and stimulates acid phosphatase production. In vivo, the frequency of
      tumor development and the mean time of tumor appearance are significantly
      different for either sex. Male mice develop tumors earlier and at a greater
      frequency than do females. Hormonal manipulations show that, regardless of sex,
      the frequency of tumor development correlates with serum androgen levels. The
      rate of the tumor growth, however, is independent of the gender of hormonal
      status of the host.

PMID- 6831421
TI  - Effects of in vitro hyperthermia on human natural killer cells.
AB  - The present study demonstrates that human natural killer (NK) cells isolated from
      peripheral blood of normal individuals are highly sensitive to hyperthermia. The
      effect was time and dose dependent, and treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      at 42 degrees for 1 hr almost completely abolished NK activity. The effect was
      not a consequence of cell death since only a small decrease in cell viability was
      observed and the viability of density gradient fractions enriched for NK activity
      was normal. Analysis of NK activity at the single-cell level by application of a
      conjugation assay in agarose revealed that hyperthermia interfered with target
      cell binding as well as the lytic cycle. Attempts to rescue NK activity after
      hyperthermia treatment by incubation overnight with human alpha-interferon or
      activation in mixed leukocyte culture was unsuccessful, indicating that even pre
      NK cells are heat sensitive. In contrast, the proliferative response to
      alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture and to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A
      was unaffected. Hyperthermia exposure of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte generated in
      mixed leukocyte culture immediately before assay against allogeneic blast cells
      strongly inhibited their activity. Some alterations in the kinetics of
      stimulation with the B-cell mitogen Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were observed
      after heat exposure although maximal stimulation was at control levels. Thus, NK
      cells, including their precursors, seem to be preferentially sensitive to
      hyperthermia among various lymphoid subclasses.

PMID- 6831422
TI  - S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in various tissues of
      mice given injections of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine.
AB  - The S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) activity and the
      metabolism of AdoHcy were investigated in various tissues of mice given a single
      injection or repetitive injections of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A)
      with and without the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF). A
      single injection of ara-A (50 mg/kg) rapidly inactivated AdoHcy hydrolase in
      several organs (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, skeletal muscle, and brain).
      Then, the enzyme activity in these tissues gradually recovered. This process,
      termed reactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase, was not sensitive to cycloheximide but
      was partly inhibited by dCF. In the absence of dCF, nearly no increase in AdoHcy
      content in the tissues was observed, whereas a single injection of ara-A plus dCF
      induced a small, transient increase in AdoHcy content of most tissues. Repetitive
      injections of ara-A (without dCF) caused a moderate increase in the AdoHcy level
      of tissues, whereas repetitive injections of the drug combination ara-A plus dCF
      resulted in a massive accumulation of AdoHcy in liver and kidney and, to a lesser
      degree, in other tissues. A moderate increase in S-adenosyl-L-methionine was
      observed in some tissues. These metabolic effects were associated with a rapid
      inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase, but a fraction of the enzyme activity (about 8%
      in liver) was not or only slowly inactivated. AdoHcy accumulated in serum of mice
      receiving this treatment. Treatment of mice with dCF alone for up to 10 hr
      induced no increase in AdoHcy content of the tissues.

PMID- 6831423
TI  - Release of estrogen-induced glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 52,000 by
      breast cancer cells in primary culture.
AB  - In an attempt to find estrogen-specific responses in breast cancer, we have
      established primary cell culture from metastatic pleural effusions of breast
      cancer and have analyzed the proteins labeled by [35S]methionine and released
      into the culture medium using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. We show that the synthesis of a Mr 52,000 glycoprotein which is
      released by metastatic breast cancer cells in primary cultures is stimulated by
      estradiol in four of six patients. This protein is similar to the Mr 52,000
      protein of MCF7 cells on the basis of its mobility in one- and two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis [the molecular weight of this protein was originally found to
      be 46,000; it is closer to 52,000 using labeled proteins from New England Nuclear
      as molecular weight markers], its immunoprecipitation by antisera raised against
      the Mr 52,000 protein, and its binding to concanavalin A. We conclude that,
      similar to some breast cancer cell lines, some metastatic breast cancers
      synthesize a Mr 52,000 glycoprotein which is regulated by estrogens and exported
      from the cells into the medium. This study also shows that some primary cultures
      established from metastatic breast cancer remain responsive to estradiol in vitro
      for the synthesis of specific proteins. More clinical studies are needed to prove
      the interest of the Mr 52,000 secreted protein as an additional marker of the
      hormone responsiveness of breast cancer.

PMID- 6831424
TI  - Abnormal estrogen conjugation in women at risk for familial breast cancer at the
      periovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The present study was designed to establish whether women with a family history
      of breast cancer exhibit endocrine abnormalities which could be responsible for
      their increased risk for the disease. Plasma hormone levels were measured every
      second day throughout the menstrual cycle in 30 women at risk for familial breast
      cancer and in an equal number of matched controls. Thirteen of the 14 substances
      measured exhibited no differences between the two populations, but plasma
      androsterone sulfate was significantly lower in the high-risk subjects. Thirteen
      urinary hormones were measured every day throughout the cycle with only the mean
      estrone and estradiol glucuronide but not estriol glucuronide content being
      significantly lower in the high-risk subjects. A compensatory increase in the
      urinary estrogen sulfates was observed. Daily analysis of these differences
      showed that they were most pronounced in thry day throughout the cycle with only
      the mean estrone and estradiol glucuronide but not estriol glucuronide content
      being significantly lower in the high-risk subjects. A compensatory increase in
      the urinary estrogen sulfates was observed. Daily analysis of these differences
      showed that they were most pronounced in thry day throughout the cycle with only
      the mean estrone and estradiol glucuronide but not estriol glucuronide content
      being significantly lower in the high-risk subjects. A compensatory increase in
      the urinary estrogen sulfates was observed. Daily analysis of these differences
      showed that they were most pronounced in the periovulatory period of the cycle.
      These results suggest that the genetic risk for breast cancer is associated with
      an abnormality in estrogen conjugation at a specific time of the ovulatory cycle.

PMID- 6831425
TI  - Tritiated thymidine (phi p, phi h) labeling distribution as a marker for
      hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.

PMID- 6831427
TI  - Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet
      supplementation with ascorbic acid.
AB  - The metabolic fate of a p.o. dose of 3.5 mmol 15N-labeled nitrate has been
      investigated in 12 healthy young adults. Samples of urine, saliva, plasma, and
      feces were collected over a period of 48 hr following administration of the dose.
      Subjects received either 60 mg of ascorbic acid, 2 g of ascorbic acid, or 2 g of
      sodium ascorbate per day. An average of 60% of the 15NO3- dose appeared in the
      urine as nitrate within 48 hr. Less than 0.1% appeared in the feces. The 15N
      label of nitrate was also found in the urine (3%) and feces (0.2%) in the form of
      ammonia or urea. The fate of the remaining 35% of the 15NO3- dose administered is
      unknown. No effect of ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate on the nitrate and
      nitrite levels of plasma, saliva, urine, or feces was observed. A one-compartment
      pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the relationships between intake,
      plasma concentration, and urinary excretion of nitrate. The half-life of nitrate
      in the body was found to be approximately 5 hr, and its volume of distribution
      was about 30% of body weight. Daily endogenous biosynthesis of nitrate was
      estimated to be about 1 mmol/day.

PMID- 6831426
TI  - Fecal neutral steroids in two Japanese populations with different colon cancer
      risks.
AB  - Several workers have associated fecal neutral steroids with colon cancer
      frequency. They suggested that the risk for colon cancer increases with a rise in
      the level of total and certain neutral steroids. The Japanese in Hawaii, who are
      at high risk for this cancer, had a higher concentration of cholesterol and total
      animal steroids in their fecal specimens than did the people in Akita, Japan, who
      are at low risk. However, the rest of the findings on neutral steroids were
      unremarkable or inconsistent in comparison with those of other studies. These
      data are suggestive but not strongly supportive of a relationship between fecal
      neutral steroid patterns and colon cancer risk.

PMID- 6831428
TI  - Tumor-localizing components of the porphyrin preparation hematoporphyrin
      derivative.
AB  - Synthetic and analytical approaches were used to characterize the tumor
      localizing components of the porphyrin preparation, hematoporphyrin derivative.
      From studies involving aqueous and nonaqueous gel exclusion and reverse-phase
      chromatography, we conclude that localization is mediated by hematoporphyrin
      derivative components which are among the most hydrophobic in the preparation.
      This apparent hydrophobicity may derive from hydrogen-bonding phenomena, rather
      than from absence of hydrophilic functional groups.

PMID- 6831430
TI  - Activation of tumoricidal properties in human blood monocytes by liposomes
      containing lipophilic muramyl tripeptide.
AB  - Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from normal human donors by separation
      on a continuous Percoll gradient and adherence to yield preparations of blood
      monocytes with a high degree of purity (greater than 99%). The monocytes were
      incubated in vitro with medium alone or with multilamellar liposomes that
      contained either a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, muramyl tripeptide
      (MTP-PE), or medium. The cytotoxic properties of the monocytes were assessed by
      an in vitro radioisotope release assay against various allogeneic targets.
      Monocytes that have phagocytosed liposomes containing MTP-PE were rendered
      tumoricidal. These monocytes lysed cells of three different tumorigenic lines but
      not cells of two nontumorigenic lines. The ability of MTP-PE-activated human
      blood monocytes to recognize and selectively lyse neoplastic cells was also
      demonstrated under cocultivation conditions. We conclude that human blood
      monocytes can be rendered tumoricidal after interaction with liposomes containing
      MTP-PE.

PMID- 6831431
TI  - Selective protection of nonmalignant cells by a novel cell surface glycopeptide.
AB  - A novel glycopeptide inhibitor of cell division, isolated from bovine cerebral
      cortex cell surfaces, was shown to selectively protect nonmalignant cells from
      the cytoxic action of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (5-BrdUrd). When mouse LM-22 cells
      (nonmalignant and devoid of gangliosides) were preincubated with GM1 ganglioside
      (3.0 micrograms/ml), the cell surface glycopeptide inhibitor effectively arrested
      cell division. In contrast to LM-22 cells, transformed mouse fibrosarcoma (No.
      1316) cells were insensitive to the glycopeptide inhibitor whether or not they
      were preincubated with GM1 ganglioside. Mixed cultures of LM-22 cells
      preincubated with GM1 ganglioside and 1316 fibrosarcoma cells at an approximate
      ratio of 1:1 were established. Since LM-22 cells are resistant and 1316
      fibrosarcoma cells are sensitive to 3.0 mM ouabain, the identity of surviving
      cells following BrdUrd treatment could easily be determined. Three hr after the
      establishment of the mixed cell population, 250 ng protein per ml of the purified
      bovine glycopeptide inhibitor was added to selectively arrest the mitosis of the
      LM-22 cells. After an additional 3 hr of incubation, 5-BrdUrd was added to a
      final concentration of 5.0 mM. Twelve hr later, cells were serially diluted and
      seeded into duplicate plates with and without 3.0 mM ouabain. LM-22 cells were
      effectively protected from the cytotoxic action of 5-BrdUrd (92 to 94% survival)
      while the majority of the 1316 fibrosarcoma cells were killed (21 to 30%
      survival). The selective protection of LM-22 cells was shown to be independent of
      differences in plating efficiency, cytotoxicity of 5-BrdUrd in the absence of the
      glycopeptide inhibitor, and the generation time of the two cell lines.

PMID- 6831429
TI  - Relationship between incorporation of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in L 1210
      DNA and cytotoxicity.
AB  - We have used cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation to monitor the
      incorporation of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) into L1210 cellular
      nucleic acids. The results demonstrate the specific incorporation of ara-A in
      L1210 DNA. We have also found a highly significant relationship between the
      formation of ara-A incorporated into DNA and loss of clonogenic survival. This
      relationship was maintained when using ara-A in the presence of the adenosine
      deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin. Furthermore, treatment with increasing
      concentrations of ara-A resulted in a greater proportion of ara-A residues at the
      3'-terminus, consistent with this agent providing a poor primer terminus for
      elongating DNA strands. These findings are similar to those obtained previously
      with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and suggest that the incorporation of
      arabinofuranosyl derivatives in DNA is one mechanism responsible for cell
      lethality.

PMID- 6831432
TI  - Preclinical trial of a radiant heat device for whole-body hyperthermia using a
      porcine model.
AB  - After review of the published clinical experience with systemic hypothermia, we
      concluded that a simple system which controls radiant heat balance to supplement
      metabolic heat might provide several advantages, including: (a) decreased
      morbidity; (b) elimination of the requirement for general anesthesia; (c)
      improved patient comfort; (d) favorable cost-benefit considerations. We have
      tested a prototype radiant heat device for whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) in
      patients with disseminated cancer. From preclinical evaluation of this device,
      the lightly anesthetized pig was found to be an ideal model for WBH. This species
      has physiological characteristics closely resembling those of humans. The pig's
      core, pulmonary artery, liver, rectal, and esophageal temperatures were raised to
      41.8 degrees in 80 to 90 min. The air temperatures near the chamber wall never
      exceeded 65 degrees while the air temperature adjacent to the animal was 46
      degrees. Skin temperatures were approximately 42.5 degrees at a core temperature
      of 41.8 degrees. Once the core temperature is raised to 41.8 degrees, this
      temperature is maintainable for approximately 3.5 hr without additional external
      heating if evaporative losses are controlled. Prolonged WBH was accomplished with
      light sedation and without the requirement for endotracheal intubation. No
      significant acute toxicity was encountered in a series of 6 pigs undergoing 9
      separate exposures to WBH. From these results, we conclude that our radiant heat
      apparatus is feasible for clinical trials. Additionally, the use of the pig as an
      appropriate animal model for further physiological and pharmacological WBH
      studies is strongly recommended.

PMID- 6831433
TI  - Relationship of spontaneous chemical transformation of arylsulfonylhydrazones of
      2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide to anticancer activity.
AB  - The arylsulfonyl-hydrazones of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide represent a
      relatively new class of antineoplastic agents with the potential for clinical
      usefulness. The requirement for spontaneous chemical transformation of these
      agents to exert anticancer activity was evaluated using as the prototype the most
      potent member of this class synthesized to date, the 3,4-dimethoxybenzene
      sulfonylhydrazone of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide (3,4-DSP. 3,4-DSP was
      chemically unstable, decomposing with a half-life of 19 min in 0.01 M potassium
      phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees. The major chemical decomposition product
      was identified as 2-pyridylcarbinol 1-oxide by comparison with the authentic
      compound. This carbinol is hypothesized to be formed via the intramolecular
      abstraction of hydrogen from the arylsulfonyl-hydrazone, a process that leads to
      the release of 3,4-dimethoxybenzenesulfinic acid and the formation of 1
      oxidopyridin-2-yldiazomethane, which subsequently reacts with water. The
      diazomethane intermediate is a potent alkylating agent which, if generated in
      cells, would have the potential to alkylate nucleophilic groups of biologically
      important macromolecules. The proposed reactive species was trapped using both 4
      (4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) and morpholine, and the latter product was
      characterized by mass spectroscopy. The importance of the chemical formation of
      an alkylating species to cytotoxicity was demonstrated by studies in which
      solutions of 3,4-DSP were "aged" prior to addition to L1210 leukemia cells in
      culture and prior to incubation with NBP. The "aging" of 3,4-DSP for 20 min
      resulted in a 4-fold decrease in cytotoxicity, and aging for 1 to 3 hr led to
      complete loss of cytotoxicity. Correspondingly, a 20-min aging period decreased
      alkylation of NBP by 51%, and 3-hr aging resulted in essentially no alkylation of
      the nucleophile. Further support for the above proposed chemical activation
      pathway was provided by correlations between in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo
      antineoplastic activity, chemical stability, and the degree of alkylation of NBP
      by a wide variety of arylsulfonyl-hydrazones. The lack of the 1-oxide, envisioned
      to be required for intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, the steric prevention of
      the abstraction, or the replacement of the proton of the nitrogrn of the side
      chain by a methyl group resulted in a marked increase in chemical stability and a
      corresponding loss of the ability to alkylate NBP and to inhibit the replication
      of L1210 leukemia cells in culture.

PMID- 6831434
TI  - Predictive values of the in vivo diffusion chamber for cyclophosphamide treatment
      of L1210 murine leukemia.
AB  - In vivo culture of tumor cells using the Millipore diffusion chamber implanted
      i.p. into female C57BL X DBA/2 F1 (hereafter called BD2F1) mice provides a means
      for direct examination of drug effect on tumor cells. The effect of various doses
      and schedules of i.p. cyclophosphamide (CY) on murine L1210 leukemia cell count
      in the chambers was compared to survival of leukemia-bearing animals treated
      similarly. Tumor cell viability was assessed by transfer of chamber contents to
      recipient animals who were then observed for survival. Unless perturbed by CY,
      L1210 cells grew in log phase within chambers to 10(8) cells/cu mm. The effect of
      CY on chamber cell count was dose related, quantifiable, reproducible, and
      predictive of survival of leukemia-bearing animals treated similarly. Single
      doses proved to be more effective than were equally divided doses in decreasing
      chamber cell number and prolonged leukemic animal survival. Reinjection of L1210
      cells rescued from chambers after hosts had been treated with CY revealed that
      many could not produce tumors. Results suggest that this technique provides
      reproducible information on drug effects and may be a valuable tool for designing
      clinically useful dose schedules.

PMID- 6831437
TI  - Use of phenobarbital and high doses of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1
      nitrosourea in the treatment of brain tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - It has been shown that the nitrosoureas are substrates for hepatic microsomal
      enzymes in vitro and that phenobarbital (PB) administered in multiple doses prior
      to nitrosourea administration significantly reduces the activity of the
      nitrosoureas in murine brain tumor models. In the present study, the effect of PB
      on 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) was assessed by
      determining the CCNU dose which would result in the long-term survival of 50% of
      the treated mice, and the CCNU dose which would result in the toxic death of 50%
      of the treated mice, with or without PB pretreatment in C56BL/6J mice. The
      therapeutic index, the CCNU dose which would result in the long-term survival of
      50% of the treated mice, per the CCNU dose which would result in the toxic death
      of 50% of the treated mice, without PB pretreatment was 2.1; the therapeutic
      index of CCNU after PB pretreatment was 1.7. There is no significant difference
      between the therapeutic indices. Thus, the reduction in the tumoricidal activity
      of CCNU after PB pretreatment was restored by increasing the dose of CCNU without
      a significant change in its lethal toxicity.l

PMID- 6831435
TI  - Sodium ascorbate enhancement of carbidopa-levodopa methyl ester antitumor
      activity against pigmented B16 melanoma.
AB  - We report here the single and combined antitumor activity on B16 melanoma in
      female C57BL/6 X DBA/2F1 mice bearing s.c. tumors of sodium ascorbate, carbidopa
      levodopa methyl ester, and dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine deficiency. Groups
      of 15 mice were fed continuously one of three test diets both with and without
      sodium ascorbate (30 mg/ml) in the drinking water beginning 2 weeks before
      inoculation of 10(6) melanoma cells. The test diets included the following
      amounts of tyrosine-phenylalanine: commercial, 1.09 and 0.64%; purified, 0.6 and
      0.3%; and deficient, 0.08 and 0.04%. Drug-treated groups received daily
      injections of carbidopa (100 mg/kg) and levodopa methyl ester (1000 mg/kg) i.p.
      for 15 days beginning 1 day after tumor transplant. Tumor growth curves and
      median survival time were determined. Ascorbate stimulated tumor growth in the
      commercial diet group. In mice fed the purified diet, ascorbate inhibited growth
      in some tumors, while it had no effect on others. Ascorbate inhibited tumor
      growth in mice fed the deficient diet, which itself severely inhibited tumor
      growth, and in this group increased survival by 82%. Drug treatment had little
      effect on tumor growth and survival of mice fed the commercial diet, but it
      significantly decreased growth and moderately increased survival of mice fed the
      purified diet. The deficient diet enhanced drug activity and increased survival
      of tumor-bearing mice by 73%. Combined therapy had little effect in mice fed the
      commercial diet;l however, mice fed the purified diet and receiving drug and
      ascorbate had smaller tumors and lived 55% longer. In mice fed the deficient
      diet, the combination retarded tumor growth and increased survival dramatically
      by 123%. These data indicate that adding ascorbate and restricting tyrosine and
      phenylalanine in combination with levodopa methyl ester therapy may become an
      important strategy for treating malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6831436
TI  - Toxicity of aziridinylbenzoquinone for aerobic and hypoxic cells of a
      transplanted mouse mammary tumor and interaction of the drug with radiation and
      adriamycin.
AB  - Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ), an experimental drug with good tissue penetration,
      was tested against aerobic and hypoxic cells of the 16/C transplantable mouse
      mammary tumor. The drug was given alone or with local tumor radiation to kill
      most of the aerobic cells. The end point of response was growth delay. AZQ gave
      additive effects with tumor irradiation and was equally effective against aerobic
      and hypoxic cells. AZQ was also given in combination with Adriamycin, since the
      latter drug is known to have poor penetration in solid tissue. Combined treatment
      led to greater antitumor effects than were obtained with maximally tolerated
      doses of either drug alone. Isobologram analysis of the interaction between the
      drugs suggested a superadditive effect, and the addition of Adriamycin had little
      effect on myelosuppression induced by AZQ. The combination of AZQ and Adriamycin
      is worthy of further study.

PMID- 6831438
TI  - Thermal sensitivity and thermotolerance in normal porcine tissues.
AB  - We have previously presented a histopathological grading scheme for thermal
      damage in normal porcine adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Here we have used
      this scheme to assess the heat sensitivity of these tissues, and evaluate the
      protective benefit of thermotolerance as induced by a prior thermal exposure.
      Tissues were exposed to temperatures ranging from 40-50 degrees for 30 min. Half
      of all sites also received a thermal exposure of 41.0-43.0 degrees 4 hr earlier.
      Biopsies for histological evaluation were obtained at 18 to 24 hr ("acute") and
      at 28 to 31 days ("chronic") following treatment. Only mild acute injury was seen
      in the early samples, following either single or double heat exposures, at all
      temperature levels. Minimal chronic damage was also seen in the late samples
      following single exposures of 45 degrees or less. Higher single exposures caused
      important chronic lesions, the severity of which was dose dependent. Regions that
      had received the earlier conditioning thermal exposure showed a significant
      protection against the subsequent thermal exposure. In such regions, mean
      (chronic) pathology scores were reduced by 76 to 86% over the temperature range
      45-48 degrees. The degree of acute damage failed to predict the degree of chronic
      damage. Overall, induction of thermotolerance provided an advantage of 2 degrees
      or more in normal tissue protection.

PMID- 6831439
TI  - Heterogeneity of sialoglycoproteins purified from normal and malignant cells.
AB  - We have identified previously a group of sialoglycoproteins with an apparent
      molecular weight of 110,000, which appear homogeneous by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but exhibit isoelectric point
      heterogeneity by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This
      technique demonstrated that there are multiple glycoproteins of similar molecular
      weight which differ between normal cells and transformants. We have now purified
      glycoproteins by concanavalin A:Sepharose chromatography and preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from both a nontumorigenic normal mouse
      fibroblast line, A31, and a highly malignant nonimmunogenic transformant, 3T12T.
      Differences in the isoelectric point distribution of the sialoglycoproteins which
      were observed between the normal and transformed two-dimensional gel patterns
      using crude membranes could also be demonstrated with the purified glycoproteins.
      Treatment of the isolated sialoglycoproteins with neuraminidase to remove sialic
      acid resulted in significant isoelectric point shifts but did not eliminate all
      of the heterogeneity. Even following neuraminidase treatment, the purified
      glycoprotein fraction upon isoelectric focusing showed differences in patterns
      between normal and transformed cells. Preliminary characterization of the
      alterations seen in the two cell lines are presented and show decreased fucose
      and increased sialic acid in transformed cell glycoprotein.

PMID- 6831442
TI  - Characteristics of human diploid fibroblasts transformed in vitro by chemical
      carcinogens.
AB  - We investigated several potential methods to select for carcinogen-induced
      changes in N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-treated normal human diploid
      fibroblasts, in an effort to isolate cells exhibiting the transformed phenotype.
      Treated cultures exhibited an extended but not indefinite life span, as well as
      an increased cloning efficiency in reduced calcium concentrations at 40 to 50
      population doublings posttreatment. Morphologically altered foci in monolayer
      culture, the capacity to proliferate under reduced serum or calcium
      concentrations, or the ability to grow on irradiated 3T3 monolayers did not
      uniquely identify or select for a carcinogen-induced phenotype. Treated cultures
      did routinely produce viable colonies when assayed under anchorage-independent
      (AI) conditions. This AI phenotype persisted for at least 2 months; when cells
      from such colonies were isolated and retested, a 2-fold enhancement in the
      frequency of AI growth was observed. AI-derived cells showed no stable
      morphological alteration in monolayer culture as regards either growth pattern or
      cytology. Four out of 10 strains of cells derived from AI colonies and grown to
      sufficient numbers in monolayer for tumorigenicity testing produced tumors in
      nude mice; only one of these was invasive and grew progressively to greater than
      1 cm in diameter. Cells recovered from these tumors were diploid and of
      fibroblastic morphology. The AI phenotype appears to be an early marker for a
      carcinogen-induced change in human fibroblasts, but it is not systematically
      associated with the other phenotypic characteristics of transformation usually
      found concomitantly in rodent cell systems.

PMID- 6831441
TI  - Establishment of dihydrofolate reductase-increased human cell lines and
      relationship between dihydrofolate reductase levels and gene copy.
AB  - A series of methotrexate (MTX)-resistant human sublines developed by step
      increases in selected MTX concentrations have been cloned and examined for
      dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) content, relative DNA copy number, and sensitivity
      to MTX. These cloned sublines had increased DHFR levels which were dependent on
      the presence of MTX in the medium. The increased levels of DHFR in the absence of
      MTX were stable in all the clones examined for over a year. Antibody
      immunolocalization on Western blots showed good correlation of the intensity of
      the immunostained DHFR band with enzyme activities. Relative gene copy number in
      these sublines was low relative to the DHFR increases and was not dependent on
      the presence of MTX in the medium. The increase in gene copy number in these
      sublines did not correlate with either the levels of DHFR or the sensitivity to
      MTX.

PMID- 6831443
TI  - Combined effects of misonidazole, microwave hyperthermia, and X-rays on the in
      vivo sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal abnormalities of the dbrB tumor
      and on the survival of its host.
AB  - A rapidly proliferating mammary adenocarcinoma designated dbrB growing s.c. in
      isogeneic female DBA/1J mice in their 278th passage of transfer constituted the
      experimental host tumor system. A 5-bromodeoxyuridine pellet (2.5 mg/g body
      weight) was used for sister chromatid exchange analysis of the 0.5-cu cm dbrB
      tumor. Experiments were performed on Group I, untreated tumor-bearing mice, and
      Group II, tumor-bearing mice treated with triple agents: misonidazole (1 mg/g
      body weight); 42.5 degrees microwave hyperthermia for 10 min; and X-rays
      administered singly or in combination at about 4 hr following the implantation of
      a 5-bromodeoxyuridine pellet. The X-ray treatments consisted of 400, 1000, 1500,
      and 2000 rads, respectively. X-rays and hyperthermia were delivered to the tumors
      directly, while the rest of the mouse body was lead shielded. Survival of the
      untreated tumor-bearing control mice in Group I was 12 +/- 3 (S.D.) days, whereas
      the mice in Group II whose tumors were treated with misonidazole, hyperthermia,
      and 2000 rads of X-rays survived 27 +/- 3 days. 5-bromodeoxyuridine per se had no
      effect on the survival of the experimental mice. Only a dose of 400 rads
      administered to the dbrB tumors permitted detailed evaluation of chromosomal
      analyses, whereas the larger doses of radiation caused cellular destruction.
      Simultaneous treatment with triple agents resulted in sister chromatid exchanges
      of 33.78 +/- 0.39/cell as compared with sister chromatid exchanges of 14.74 +/-
      0.39/cell of untreated control tumors. This mode of treatment also induced
      various types of chromosomal abnormalities in the tumor cells.

PMID- 6831444
TI  - Isolation and preliminary characterization of an Adriamycin-resistant murine
      fibrosarcoma cell line.
AB  - A variant cell line (UV-2237-ADMR) resistant to the anthracycline antibiotic
      Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) was selected in vitro from the murine UV-2237
      fibrosarcoma tumor cell line. Resistance to Adriamycin proved to be a stable
      characteristic of the UV-2237-ADMR line, whether the line was grown in vivo or in
      vitro. The UV-2237-ADMR line also exhibited increased resistance to N
      trifluoroacetyladriamycin-24-valerate, daunorubicin, actinomycin D, amsacrine,
      mitomycin C, vinblastine, and vincristine but not to bleomycin. Cell-cell
      hybridization studies showed that the Adriamycin resistance is an incompletely
      dominant trait. Uptake and efflux studies with [14C]Adriamycin indicated that the
      resistance exhibited by the UV-2237-ADMR line was due to both reduced uptake of
      the drug and an increased active efflux.

PMID- 6831445
TI  - Clonal variation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in athymic nude mice.

PMID- 6831446
TI  - Suppression of tumorigenicity in hybrids of tumorigenic Chinese hamster cells and
      diploid mouse fibroblasts: dependence on the presence of at least three different
      mouse chromosomes and independence of hamster genome dosage.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids were generated between Chinese hamster cell lines (Cl-4 and
      TK 17-O) with a near-diploid number of partially abnormal chromosomes and
      embryonic mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c). Hybrids harboring a near-diploid, near
      triploid, and near-tetraploid set of hamster chromosomes plus 22 to 30 mouse
      chromosomes were analyzed for the expression of the transformed or tumorigenic
      phenotype, respectively, indicated by their capacity to form colonies in soft
      agar and by tumor formation after s.c. injection into nude mice. The hybrids
      showed (partial) suppression of tumorigenicity and of anchorage independence. The
      minimum number of hybrid cells required to initiate tumor growth in nude mice was
      100- to 50,000-fold higher, and the latency period was 3- to 6-fold longer in
      comparison with the highly tumorigenic parental hamster cells. Suppression of
      tumorigenicity was also found in intraspecific Chinese hamster hybrids involving
      tumorigenic cells (E 36-O and TK 17-O) and embryonic hamster fibroblasts. To
      identify those mouse chromosomes associated with suppression of tumorigenicity,
      we investigated the expression of mouse isozyme genes and the presence of mouse
      chromosomes in interspecific suppressed hybrids and their tumorigenic hybrids
      described previously. No single mouse chromosome, even if present in two copies,
      and no combination of two different mouse chromosomes was sufficient to suppress
      tumorigenicity in these hybrids. This conclusion is based on either the presence
      of these chromosomes in hybrids isolated from tumors or their absence in
      suppressed hybrids.

PMID- 6831447
TI  - Arrest of in vivo growth of a solid Leydig cell tumor by prolonged inhibition of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis.
AB  - Oxytetracycline was given by means of chronic i.v. infusion, in amounts which
      impair specifically mitochondrial protein synthesis, to Wistar rats carrying a
      solid Leydig cell tumor. The prolonged inhibition of mitochondrial protein
      synthesis finally results in proliferation arrest of the s.c. growing tumor. As
      long as the tumor is growing, the energy-generating capacity of the mitochondrial
      becomes diluted, until it is reduced to a critical level, which results in growth
      arrest. This cytostatic effect is found after treatment for 8 to 12 days. During
      this period, the tumor volume increases to an extent comparable to 2 to 3 tumor
      cell divisions. The proliferation arrest found is, at least after treatment for 3
      weeks, reversible. Withdrawal of oxytetracycline results in continuation of tumor
      growth after a latent period of about 5 days. The data confirm previous
      observations made in experimental systems about the usefulness of mitochondrial
      protein synthesis as target for cancer chemotherapy. They support, moreover, the
      explanation given for the marked prolongation of survival time found in
      tetracycline-treated patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
      pharynx. If antineoplastic therapy, based on inhibition of mitochondrial protein
      synthesis, is considered, the tetracyclines should be the drugs of choice,
      because their toxic side effects are minimal at dosages which cause tumor
      proliferation arrest.

PMID- 6831448
TI  - Effect of prolonged administration of gastrin on experimental carcinogenesis in
      rat colon induced by intrarectal instillation of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - The effect of tetragastrin on the incidence and histology of colonic tumors
      induced by intrarectal instillation of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was
      investigated in Wistar rats. Prolonged administration of tetragastrin in depot
      form during and after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of colonic tumors in
      Experimental Week 35. Histological examinations showed that, unlike the well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas with a typical glandular pattern in control
      groups, the adenocarcinomas that developed in rats treated with tetragastrin had
      high mucin-producing activity.

PMID- 6831440
TI  - Characterization of nucleolar antigens of normal rat liver, regenerating rat
      liver, and Novikoff ascites hepatoma cells following in vitro translation of
      polyadenylic acid-containing messenger RNA.
AB  - Nucleolar antigens of normal rat liver, regenerating liver, and Novikoff ascites
      hepatoma cells were transplanted in vitro from polyadenylic acid-containing
      messenger RNAs isolated from the respective tissues and immunoprecipitated with
      specific antinucleolar antibodies and Protein A. By two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis of the translation products, five antigens were detected in
      normal rat liver. The antigens detected in 18-hr regenerating rat liver were the
      same as those of normal rat liver when immunoprecipitated with the anti-liver
      nucleolar antibodies. In the Novikoff tumor, 11 antigens were detected with anti
      Novikoff nucleolar antibodies. Of these, two were not found in either normal or
      regenerating liver. Four major antigens were detectable in both Novikoff hepatoma
      and regenerating liver messenger RNA translation products with anti-Novikoff
      nucleolar antibodies. Two antigens were found in normal and regenerating liver
      that were not found in Novikoff hepatoma. In agreement with previous results,
      these immunoprecipitation analyses provide further evidence that some nucleolar
      antigens are present in Novikoff hepatoma that are not found in either normal or
      regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 6831449
TI  - Strain-specific tumorigenesis in mouse skin induced by the carcinogen, 15,16
      dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one, and its relation to DNA adduct
      formation and persistence.
AB  - The incidence of skin tumors has been studied in three strains of mice, namely,
      TO, C57BL, and DBA/2, after treatment with the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11
      methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one. After either a single dose followed by
      croton oil promotion or a continual dose of the carcinogen, tumors were observed
      in the TO and C57BL strains, with the TO mice having the shorter mean latent
      period. The DBA/2 mice, however, appeared to be resistant to tumor formation by
      either treatment. To understand the mechanism of resistance, several criteria
      have been investigated. Metabolism of the carcinogen was assessed in terms of the
      total DNA adduct formation and the pattern of individual adducts after separation
      by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and no major differences between the
      three strains was found. Similarly, the rates of disappearance of the individual
      adducts when measured over 14 days posttreatment were not strain specific.
      Persistent binding of the carcinogen after 2 months was found in all three
      strains and could be reduced markedly if croton oil was administered throughout
      this period. The ability of the phorbol esters to cause biochemical changes in
      both sensitive and resistant strains was indicated by the induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase in each of the three strains after treatment with either croton oil
      or its active component, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.

PMID- 6831450
TI  - Potentiation of vincristine and Adriamycin effects in human hemopoietic tumor
      cell lines by calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors.
AB  - verapamil, a calcium-influx blocker, enhanced the cytotoxicity of vincristine
      (VCR) in vitro 6- to 12-fold in eight human hemopoietic tumor cell lines
      established from acute lymphatic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, and
      Burkitt's lymphoma. Great enhancement of VCR cytotoxicity was obtained in a VCR
      resistant subline of K562 myelogenous leukemia. A maximum of approximate 100-fold
      increase in VCR cytotoxicity occurred. Heterogeneity in VCR sensitivity (80-fold
      difference in sensitivity) was observed in vitro among these human tumor cells.
      BALL and Daudi cells of B-cell type were more susceptible to VCR. At 6.6 or 20
      microM of verapamil, the values for the concentration of drug required for 50%
      inhibition of cell growth for each cell line fell into a rather narrow range, and
      heterogeneity in VCR sensitivity among cell lines was circumvented in vitro.
      Verapamil also enhanced the cytotoxicity of Adriamycin, although the extent of
      enhancement was considerably small. Enhancement of VCR cytotoxicity also occurred
      with other calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors. At maximum effective
      concentration of these reagents, a 3- to 5-fold increase in VCR cytotoxicity
      occurred in K562 cells. In VCR-resistant K562 cells, a more prominent enhancement
      (20- to 45-fold) was observed with these reagents. VCR resistance was
      circumvented in vitro. The mechanism of enhancement of VCR cytotoxicity was
      explained by the enhanced accumulation of VCR in K562, especially in resistant
      cells.

PMID- 6831452
TI  - Accelerated progression to autonomy of a pregnancy-dependent mouse mammary tumor
      (TPDMT-4) by hormones.
AB  - TPDMT-4 mouse mammary tumors have been characterized by pregnancy-dependent
      growth in breeders; formation of ductal, lobular, and alveolar structures in
      gland-free but insignificant outgrowth in intact fat pads of virgins; and
      continuous growth in hosts implanted s.c. with estrogen-progesterone pellets.
      Tumors were passaged in breeding and estrogen-progesterone-treated mice for 30
      and 28 generations, respectively. The latter subline was called TPDMT-4EP. Both
      lines were compared for tumor-producing capability in virgins. Transplants from
      growing TPDMT-4 and growing and regressing TPDMT-4EP tumors were implanted into
      cleared and intact fat pads of 3-week-old mice and investigated for tumor
      formation for 12, 4, and 4 months, respectively. No significant differences were
      noted between cleared and intact fat pads. TPDMT-4 transplants formed significant
      tumors in 26 (72%) of 36 fat pads after a mean latency period of of 204 days.
      Growing and regressing TPDMT-4EP transplants formed significant tumors in 47
      (98%) of 48 and in 27 (90%) of 30 fat pads, respectively, after a mean latency
      period of 52 days. Of eight TPDMT-4 tumors tested for ovarian dependence, six
      were ovarian dependent, one was ovarian responsive, and one was undecided. In
      contrast, of 31 TPDMT-4EP tumors tested, three were ovarian responsive, and 28
      were ovarian independent. Five of seven independent tumors from ovariectomized
      mice still responded to the estrogen-progesterone pellet. Cytoplasmic estrogen
      and progesterone receptors were assayed in tumors different in ovarian dependence
      without noting significant correlation between their levels and ovarian
      dependence or growth rate. The results suggest that continuous hormone
      stimulation may enhance progression from dependence to autonomy of hormone
      dependent tumors.

PMID- 6831453
TI  - Relative in vitro stability of ornithine decarboxylase from liver preneoplastic
      nodules and hepatomas.
AB  - A very rapid and drastic microsome-dependent in vitro inactivation of the
      hydrocortisone-induced ornithine decarboxylase in rat liver was reported recently
      (M. F. Zuretti and E. Gravela, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 742: 269-277, 1983).
      Present results show that ornithine decarboxylase from preneoplastic nodules and
      hepatomas, which have been induced in rats by N-2-fluorenylacetamide, is much
      more stable, its greater stability not being accounted for by a lower microsome
      bound inactivating capacity. The possibility of a relationship between the in
      vitro enzyme stability and the increase of enzyme activity in neoplastic tissues
      is suggested.

PMID- 6831451
TI  - Kinetic parameters of aspartate transcarbamylase in human normal and tumoral cell
      lines.
AB  - The kinetic parameters of aspartate transcarbamylase activity were determined in
      dialyzed extracts coming from ten different human normal and tumoral cell lines
      (three fibroblasts, four melanomas, and three colorectal carcinomas). Specific
      activities do not correlate with the malignant character of the cells but rather
      with the fact that the cells divide actively or not. Growth curves show large
      variations in the cell sensitivity to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA).
      However, no differences in substrate affinity or PALA sensitivity of the
      aspartate transcarbamylase activities present in the corresponding cell extracts
      could be detected. Thus, the different human cell susceptibilities to PALA do not
      result from an intrinsic property of aspartate transcarbamylase. Cell death under
      the influence of PALA does not correlate with the tumoral or normal character of
      the cells.

PMID- 6831454
TI  - Alteration of immunogenicity of xenogenized tumor cells in syngeneic rats by the
      immune responses to virus-associated antigens produced on immunizing cells.
AB  - A strong transplantation resistance to a fibrosarcoma (KMT-17) is induced in
      syngeneic Wistar King Aptekman/Hok rats after a single s.c. immunization with
      Friend virus-infected (xenogenized) viable KMT-17 cells. The resistance induced
      by the repeated immunizations with irradiated Friend virus-infected KMT-17 cells,
      however, was unexpectedly weaker when compared with that induced by irradiated
      KMT-17 cells. The immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigen on xenogenized
      Friend virus-infected KMT-17 cells was correlated with their shortened survival
      time in the peritoneal cavity after i.p. inoculation, especially in rats
      preimmunized with xenogenized tumor cells. Furthermore, xenogenized tumor cells
      producing a medium amount of virus-associated antigen (VAA) but not those
      producing a large amont of VAA showed an augmented immunogenicity even in normal
      rats. On the other hand, the tumor-associated antigen immunogenicity was
      augmented by immunization with xenogenized tumor cells which expressed a
      relatively small amount of VAA in rats presensitized with VAA. These findings
      indicate that the immunogenicity of xenogenized tumor cells is augmented by the
      middle-grade immune responses to VAA produced on xenogenized tumor cells.

PMID- 6831455
TI  - Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the proliferation and
      differentiation of normal and leukemic myeloid progenitor cells.
AB  - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on myeloid colony
      formation were investigated by initial and delayed addition of TPA to the
      cultures. In the human placental conditioned medium-stimulated cultures, TPA
      inhibited normal myeloid colony formation without any change in colony morphology
      when added at the beginning of culture. However, macrophage-like transformation
      of myeloid colonies by TPA was clearly observed after the delayed addition of
      TPA. Colonies and clusters already formed at the time of TPA addition wee
      exclusively neutrophilic. Two days after TPA addition, many colonies apparently
      contained macrophage-like cells. Within 4 days after TPA addition, almost all
      myeloid colonies transformed into the macrophage type. Parallel study of initial
      and delayed addition of TPA revealed that this macrophage-like transformation of
      neutrophilic colonies occurred at high concentrations of TPA that would fully
      inhibit colony formation if added initially. TPA caused similar effects on
      leukemic colony formation.

PMID- 6831456
TI  - Sapporo cancer seminar: membrane-associated alterations in cancer--biochemical
      strategies against cancer.

PMID- 6831458
TI  - HLA antigens in renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - HLA antigen type was studied in 35 renal cell carcinoma patients who had
      bilateral disease, an early age of onset (less than age 45), or a family history
      of kidney cancer. Increased frequencies of the single-locus antigens HLA-DR8
      (relative risk, 3.3) and HLA-Bw44 (relative risk, 2.1) and a deficit of HLA-DR1
      (relative risk, 0.4) were found. Although based on small numbers, the relative
      excess was highest among persons phenotypically HLA-Bw44DR8. A higher frequency
      of the three-locus phenotype HLA-A3B7DR2 was also noted. The unusual HLA patterns
      were most pronounced among patients of German or Scandinavian origin, population
      groups reported to have an elevated risk of renal cancer.

PMID- 6831457
TI  - Phase I and clinical pharmacological evaluation of biochemical modulation of 5
      fluorouracil with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil (FUra) is a clinically useful antineoplastic agent. Preclinical
      studies suggest that the therapeutic effects of FUra can be enhanced by
      pretreatment with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA), an inhibitor of
      aspartate transcarbamylase. The objective of treatment with PALA is to increase
      the activation of FUra by inhibiting the normal pathway of de novo pyrimidine
      biosynthesis. Theoretically, the optimal dose of PALA should produce effective
      blockade of this pathway without increasing toxic effects of FUra. Using
      pyrazofurin-induced orotic aciduria and orotidinuria as a measure of this
      pathway, it as determined that PALA (250 mg/sq m) is effective in inhibiting
      total-body pyrimidine synthesis. Sixty-eight adult patients with cancer were
      treated with combinations of PALA and FUra. High doses of PALA (1 to 2 g/sq m)
      prevented the use of full dosage of FUra; however, PALA (250 mg/sq m) can be
      administered 24 hr before FUra (750 mg/sq m) once weekly for at least 3 weeks.
      The toxicity observed using that combination of doses was mild to moderate
      myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Further clinical
      studies are warranted.

PMID- 6831459
TI  - Evaluation of the immunological and toxicological properties of MVE-2 in phase I
      trials.
AB  - Pyran copolymer enhances resistance to infections and transplantable tumors in
      mice. It induces interferon, activates macrophages, increases antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), functions as an adjuvant, and has direct antitumor
      effects. MVE-2, a low-molecular-weight (15,000) component of pyran copolymer,
      exhibited less toxicity and essentially the same positive biological effects as
      pyran copolymer. MVE-2 was, therefore, chosen for clinical trials. This study was
      designed to determine the toxicity and immunological effects of MVE-2 in humans.
      Fourteen patients who received biweekly MVE-2 had lymphocyte and monocyte ADCC,
      natural killer activity, and monocyte to macrophage maturation measured 2, 3, 7,
      10, and 13 days after each of the first three doses of MVE-2. Lymphocyte antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity and monocyte maturation increased significantly
      following MVE-2 administration and the effect persisted at least 4 weeks.
      Although numbers were small, the enhanced ADCC seemed related to both single dose
      and cumulative dose of MVE-2. Five of six patients receiving more than 2 g of MVE
      2 had improvement in lymphocyte ADCC. Increases in lymphocyte and monocyte
      natural killer activity approached, but did not attain statistical significance.
      Proteinuria was the dose-limiting toxicity, but was reversible. MVE-2 induced a
      modest, but real enhancement of lymphocyte and monocyte function at doses that
      were well tolerated.

PMID- 6831461
TI  - Workshop conference on nutrition in cancer causation and prevention. Fort
      Lauderdale, Florida, October 18-20, 1982.

PMID- 6831460
TI  - A new simple enzymatic assay method for urinary polyamines in humans.
AB  - We developed a new simple enzymatic assay method for measuring urinary polyamines
      (total amount of putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine), using an acylpolyamine
      amidohydrolase and a putrescine oxidase. First conjugated polyamines (putrescine,
      spermidine, and cadaverine) in urine were hydrolyzed by incubation with an
      acylpolyamine amidohydrolase at 30 degrees for 1 hr. then, free polyamines were
      separated by cation-exchange chromatography and incubated with a putrescine
      oxidase at 30 degrees for 30 min. Hydrogen peroxide formed in this reaction was
      measured spectrophotometrically (at 514 nm). Polyamine levels in urine were
      determined in 70 normal subjects, 124 patients with cancer, and 52 patients with
      diseases other than cancer. Elevation above 3 S.D.s of the normal mean was found
      in 90 (72.6%) of the 124 patients with cancer and in 6 (11.5%) of the 52 patients
      with diseases other than cancer. Serial studies in 19 patients with cancer
      indicated that polyamines in urine were reduced after successful surgery. Our new
      method is simple and rapid and therefore very useful for routine clinical
      application. Moreover, our data indicate that the determination of polyamine
      levels is useful as a marker of disease activity in patients with cancer.

PMID- 6831462
TI  - Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of diet and cancer.
AB  - We review the goals of epidemiological nutritional studies and evaluate methods
      of dietary data collection in terms of these goals. Special problems for the
      cancer epidemiologist studying diet are then reviewed, including methods of data
      collection, quantification of food intake, and analysis of nutritional data. Food
      frequency methods are generally best for collection of dietary data in
      epidemiological studies, and the use of food data banks enables the study of
      specific dietary components. The major problems in analysis stem from the complex
      interrelationships among nutrients and their high correlation with each other.

PMID- 6831463
TI  - Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii.
AB  - Incidence rates for many sites of cancer show wide variations among the main
      ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, and
      Hawaiians). Major shifts in cancer rates among migrants to the islands suggest
      that environmental factors are at least in part responsible for these variations.
      One prominent area of difference among these ethnic populations is their diets,
      which can vary substantially, not only in the consumption of particular food
      items but also in mean nutrient intakes. In aggregate correlational analyses
      based on data from representative samples of these ethnic groups and
      corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates, we found significant
      associations between ethnic-sex-specific intakes of dietary fat (including total
      fat, as well as animal, saturated, and unsaturated fats) and breast, endometrial,
      and prostate cancers. Animal protein intake showed associations similar to those
      for dietary fat, but these two nutrients were highly correlated in the data.
      Cholesterol intake showed significant correlations with lung and laryngeal
      cancers. Analyses of both nutrient and food item data suggested an association of
      stomach cancer incidence with the consumption of fish products, particularly
      dried/salted fish, and with a lower intake of vitamin C. Preliminary findings
      from ongoing case-control studies showed the following relationships: an inverse
      association between lung cancer risk and the intake of food sources of vitamin A,
      especially foods containing carotenes; an inverse association between cancers of
      the lower urinary tract and vitamin A consumption, especially from supplements; a
      positive association between prostate cancer risk and dietary fat intake in men
      above age 69, but not in younger men; and a positive association between breast
      cancer risk and the intake of dietary fat (particularly saturated fat) and animal
      protein in postmenopausal women, especially the Japanese. Two large cohorts
      (50,000 and 5,000 subjects) on whom dietary information was collected between
      1975 and 1980 are being followed prospectively for their occurrence of cancer.

PMID- 6831465
TI  - Results of case-control studies of diet and cancer in Buffalo, New York.

PMID- 6831466
TI  - Formation and occurrence of nitrosamines in food.
AB  - Nitrosamines are formed by reaction of secondary or tertiary amines with a
      nitrosating agent. In foods, the nitrosating agent is usually nitrous anhydride,
      formed from nitrite in acidic, aqueous solution. Food constituents and the
      physical make-up of the food can effect nitrosamine formation. Ascorbic acid and
      sulfur dioxide are used to inhibit nitrosamine formation in foods.
      Nitrosodimethylamine has been shown to be formed in certain foods as a result of
      the direct-fire drying process. In this case, oxides of nitrogen in the drying
      air nitrosate amines in the food being dried. The volatile nitrosamine which
      occurs most commonly in food is nitrosodimethylamine, and nitrosopyrrolidine
      occurs to a lesser extent. Due to limitations in analytical methodology, very
      little information is available on the levels of nonvolatile nitrosamines and
      other N-nitroso compounds in foods. Foods which have been shown to contain
      volatile nitrosamines include cured meats, primarily cooked bacon; beer; some
      cheeses; nonfat dry milk; and sometimes fish. It should be emphasized that not
      all samples analyzed contain detectable amounts of nitrosamines. When present,
      the volatile nitrosamines usually occur in the lower microgram/kg range.
      Estimates by several investigators suggest that the average daily intake of
      volatile nitrosamines from foods is approximately 1 microgram/person.

PMID- 6831464
TI  - Association of meat and coffee use with cancers of the large bowel, breast, and
      prostate among Seventh-Day Adventists: preliminary results.
AB  - Deaths from cancers of the large bowel, breast, and prostate were ascertained
      over a 21-year period among 21,295 white California Adventists. Compared to non
      Adventists, the age-sex-adjusted mortality for large bowel cancer was
      substantially reduced among Adventists. Adventists also showed a minimum
      reduction in mortality for breast and prostate cancer. Fatal large bowel cancer
      within the Adventist group was unrelated to meat use. However, coffee use showed
      a substantial positive association with fatal large bowel cancer. Although this
      association may be indirect or spurious, it deserves further investigation. Weak
      nonsignificant associations were observed between cancers of the breast and
      prostate and meat use.

PMID- 6831468
TI  - Mutagens and modulator of mutagenesis in fried ground beef.
AB  - It is now well documented that bacterial mutagens form in proteinaceous foods
      during cooking at moderate temperatures. Three heterocyclic amine mutagens have
      been identified by Sugimura and coworkers in fish and beef cooked under moderate
      heating conditions (T. Sugimura and S. Sato, Cancer Res. (Suppl.), 43: 2415s
      2421s, 1983). The distribution of these known mutagens in commercial
      bacteriological-medium grade and food-grade beef extract, and in fried ground
      beef, is discussed. Of the known mutagens, we have been able to confirm only that
      2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is present in fried ground beef.
      Deficiencies in currently used mutagen extraction procedures are addressed. It is
      likely that there are many mutagens in fried ground beef that are yet to be
      identified. Fried ground beef (and raw beef) also contains an activity which
      modulates bacterial mutagenesis apparently by interacting with rat liver
      microsomes which are added to metabolically activate promutagens. The modulator
      activity has been partially purified and either inhibits, enhances, or has no
      effect on promutagen activation depending on the promutagen under study and the
      pretreatment of the rat from which the microsomal fraction was obtained.

PMID- 6831469
TI  - Inhibition of carcinogenesis by retinoids.
AB  - Retinoids are effective inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis in the mammary
      gland and urinary bladder of experimental animals. Modification of the basic
      retinoid structure has produced retinoids with increased target organ
      specificity, resulting in increased anticancer activity with reduced systemic
      toxicity. Combining retinoid treatment with hormonal manipulation results in a
      synergistic inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis; this combination approach also
      inhibits development of additional mammary cancers following surgical removal of
      the first mammary cancer. Retinoids are most effective when administered shortly
      after the carcinogenic insult. However, even when retinoid treatment is delayed,
      the compounds are still effective cancer chemopreventive agents for the mammary
      gland and urinary bladder. The length of time that retinoid exposure can be
      delayed and retain an anticancer effect is directly related to tumor latency,
      with a longer delay permissible against tumors with long latent periods.

PMID- 6831467
TI  - Summation and new approaches to diet and cancer.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between several types of human
      cancer, such as esophageal, breast, and colon, and particular kinds of diet,
      indicating the presence of carcinogenic factors in those diets. Observations in
      animals have shown that some types of cancer in them are related to certain
      carcinogens in their food. Several types of cancer similar to that in humans have
      been induced in experimental animals by administration of carcinogens, such as
      nitrosamines and mycotoxins, suggesting that their presence in human diets can
      increase cancer risk. The search for such carcinogens, and for others presently
      unsuspected in human diets, should be continued with the objective of reducing or
      eliminating human exposure to them. The role of promoting agents, such as fats,
      in colon and breast cancer needs to be further investigated, and exposure to them
      should be reduced. Two sources of carcinogens that need increased study are the
      formation of carcinogens in cooking, especially of fats and proteins, and the
      endogenous formation of carcinogens in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g., N
      nitroso compounds.

PMID- 6831470
TI  - Diet, nutrition, and cancer: the future of dietary policy.
AB  - The long latency period of cancer would suggest that timely measures to reduce
      the risk of cancer, such as dietary guidelines to the public, be an integral
      component of policy on cancer. Although criteria for acceptability of scientific
      evidence are often defined, judgment its required in interpreting the
      significance of the evidence when the data base is incomplete. This is often the
      case with knowledge concerning diet and chronic diseases including cancer.
      Similarly, judgment is required in applying scientific data to formulate public
      policy recommendations. The Committee on Diet. Nutrition, and Cancer of the
      National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council used generally accepted
      criteria in evaluating the literature and proposing interim dietary guidelines to
      reduce the risk of cancer. A comparison of these guidelines with advice rendered
      to the public by other private and government organizations reveals that there
      are substantial areas of consensus, but important differences persist among the
      various groups. One major philosophical difference concerns the validity of
      offering advice to the general public without complete demonstration of cause and
      effect or absolute proof of benefit. Particularly controversial is the
      recommendation to modify the intake of dietary fat and its components. The
      immediate future of dietary policy perhaps lies in capitalizing on the areas of
      consensus and exploring the feasibility of developing public health programs with
      realistic objectives.

PMID- 6831472
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with phenobarbital or SKF 525A on the toxicity and
      antitumor activity of lomustine.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that the combination of the conventional
      chemotherapeutic agent lomustine (CCNU) and the nitroimidazole radiation
      sensitizer misonidazole can lead to an improved therapeutic result. To study
      whether altered CCNU metabolism plays a role in this chemopotentiation, mice were
      treated with known modifiers of hepatic microsomal enzymes prior to CCNU
      exposure, and tumor response and systemic toxicity were assessed. KHT sarcoma
      bearing C3H/HeJ mice were pretreated with either (a) five daily doses of
      phenobarbital (80 mg/kg) to induce the microsomal enzymes and then CCNU 48 hours
      later or (b) a 50-mg/kg dose of the microsomal enzyme inhibitor SKF 525A 1 hour
      before CCNU. Tumor response and normal tissue toxicity following treatment were
      measured using a regrowth delay and 30-day lethality assay, respectively.
      Phenobarbital pretreatment reduced both the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of
      CCNU (factor of approximately 0.8), while SKF 525A increased the effect of CCNU
      in both cases (factor of approximately 1.6). Thus, unlike pretreatments with the
      sensitizer misonidazole, pretreatments with phenobarbital or SKF 525A did not
      result in a therapeutic advantage for CCNU.

PMID- 6831471
TI  - Phase I study of MVE-2 therapy in human cancer.
AB  - MVE-2, a polymer of maleic anhydride and divinyl-ether (molecular weight,
      15,500), was given to 57 patients in a phase I study. The agent was selected for
      study because it was a potent macrophage activator, interferon inducer, and
      immunotherapeutic agent in animal tumor models. The drug was administered by iv
      infusion over a 1-hour period using three schedules of administration: (a) weekly
      at doses of 25-650 mg/m2, (b) every other week at doses of 500-1200 mg/m2, and
      (c) every 3 weeks at doses of 1200-1500 mg/m2. No cardiac, pulmonary,
      hematologic, or hepatic toxicity was observed. There were 25 episodes of
      asymptomatic proteinuria in 26 patients who received MVE-2 dose levels of greater
      than or equal to 500 mg/m2. It was not associated with changes in BUN or
      creatinine. The proteinuria began approximately 4 weeks after the start of
      therapy and lasted approximately 4-6 weeks after the therapy was terminated.
      Proteinuria resolved in all patients followed. At present, proteinuria appears to
      be the major dose-limiting toxicity. None of the patients had a partial or
      complete response although there was evidence of biologic activity with
      measurable tumor regression in five patients. No major modification of host
      defense parameters was noted. Further studies should be directed towards
      determining the nature of the proteinuria and whether changes in the rate or
      schedule of administration can modify the proteinuria or increase the host
      defense modification.

PMID- 6831473
TI  - Antitumor activity of tetrahydro-2-furanyl- and tetrahydro-2-pyranyl-glucans
      obtained by chemical modification of (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan from
      Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140 and its lower molecular weight
      glucans.
AB  - The well-defined (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan with DP (degree of polymerization)
      540 and the various chain-length (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucans prepared by its
      hydrolysis were chemically modified to furanyl- and pyranyl-derivatives. As a
      primary screening, the effect of 20 derivatives thus obtained was tested on
      Sarcoma 180 solid tumor transplanted sc into allogeneic ICR mice; the dose was 10
      mg/kg ip for 10 days. Eleven derivatives that showed a strong antitumor effect on
      Sarcoma 180 were also tested on Meth-A solid tumor in syngeneic mice. Of the
      derivatives tested, five furanyl-derivatives (F-4, F-6, F-7, F-10, and F-11) and
      one pyranyl-derivative (P-5) had potent antitumor effects on this syngeneic tumor
      system at ip doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg for 10 days. By oral administration, only
      two derivatives (F-10 and P-3) showed moderate antitumor activity against Sarcoma
      180, without complete tumor regression. The mechanism of action of these
      derivatives was considered to be host-mediated and similar to that of the
      original glucan, because of a lack of effect in vitro.

PMID- 6831475
TI  - Phase II evaluation of anguidine in central nervous system tumors: a southwest
      Oncology Group study.

PMID- 6831476
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone in primary lymphoma
      of the brain: a case report.

PMID- 6831474
TI  - Dialyzability of methyl-GAG.
AB  - Methyl-GAG at low doses was administered to an anephric male patient with
      metastatic hypernephroma, who required hemodialysis. No toxicity was observed.
      Measurement of serum levels of methyl-GAG showed that the drug is dialyzable.
      Thus, when methyl-GAG is considered for patients who are anephric and are being
      dialyzed, full doses are allowable. In addition, dialysis should be effective in
      rapidly eliminating the drug in patients who develop toxic effects.

PMID- 6831477
TI  - Use of high-dose oral methotrexate sequenced at 24 hours with 5-FU: a clinical
      toxicity study.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with advanced carcinoma were treated with 131 courses of
      high-dose oral methotrexate (MTX), sequenced at 24 hours with 5-FU iv and
      subsequent leucovorin rescue. The 30% incidence of toxicity was predominantly
      mild to moderate mucositis and myelosuppression. Trough and peak serum MTX levels
      demonstrated that micromolar concentrations were sustained greater than 24 hours.
      Toxicity correlated with shorter re-treatment intervals and not with serum MTX
      levels. This regimen can be safely and conveniently administered to an outpatient
      population and deserves further assessment in phase II trials.

PMID- 6831478
TI  - PCNU in advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 6831479
TI  - Phase II trial of bisantrene in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 6831480
TI  - Responder versus nonresponder comparisons: daunorubicin plus prednisone in
      treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 6831481
TI  - Phase II study of vindesine in patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, and
      breast cancer.

PMID- 6831482
TI  - Effect of intermittent and continuous administration of L-cysteine hydrochloride
      on L1210 mouse leukemia.

PMID- 6831484
TI  - Synthesis of O-[2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl
      4-phosphate]-(1 leads to 6)-2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3- hydroxytetradecanamido]-D-glucose.
      The monosaccharide route.

PMID- 6831485
TI  - 13C-N.M.R.-spectral study of the binding of Gd3+ to glycophorin.
AB  - Natural-abundance, 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to study the binding of Gd3+
      to glycophorin, and also to the tetrasaccharides isolated from glycophorin after
      treatment of the glycoprotein with NaOH-NaBH4. Gd3+ binds to the tetrasaccharide
      (both in the isolated, reduced form and when still attached to the native
      glycoprotein), and, especially, to the alpha-NeuAc residues. In order to cause
      severe line-broadening of the 13C resonances of alpha-NeuAc, the ratios of the
      alpha-NeuAc residues of glycophorin, and of the isolated, reduced
      tetrasaccharide, to Gd3+ were much higher than that needed for causing similar
      broadening for 2-O-methyl-alpha-NeuAc-Gd3+ solutions. These results indicate that
      the other carbohydrate residues of the tetrasaccharide may be involved in the
      binding of Gd3+, producing a stronger metal-ion-binding effect.

PMID- 6831483
TI  - Synthesis of O-[2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl
      4-phosphate]-(1 leads to 6)-2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3- hydroxytetradecanamido]-D-glucose.
      The disaccharide route.

PMID- 6831486
TI  - beta-D-Mannosidase from Helix pomatia.
AB  - beta-D-Mannosidase (beta-D-mannoside mannohydrolase EC 3.2.1.25) was purified 160
      fold from crude gut-solution of Helix pomatia by three chromatographic steps and
      then gave a single protein band (mol. wt. 94,000) on SDS-gel electrophoresis, and
      three protein bands (of almost identical isoelectric points) on thin-layer
      isoelectric focusing. Each of these protein bands had enzyme activity. The
      specific activity of the purified enzyme on p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside
      was 1694 nkat/mg at 40 degrees and it was devoid of alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-D
      galactosidase, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosidase, (1 leads to 4)-beta-D
      mannanase, and (1 leads to 4)-beta-D-glucanase activities, almost devoid of alpha
      D-galactosidase activity, and contaminated with less than 0.02% of beta-D
      glucosidase activity. The purified enzyme had the same Km for borohydride-reduced
      beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides of d.p. 3-5 (12.5mM). The initial rate of
      hydrolysis of (1 leads to 4)-linked beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides of d.p. 2-5 and
      of reduced beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides of d.p. 3-5 was the same, and o
      nitrophenyl, methylumbelliferyl, and naphthyl beta-D-mannopyranosides were
      readily hydrolysed. beta-D-Mannobiose was hydrolysed at a rate approximately 25
      times that of 6(1)-alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-mannobiose and 6(3)-alpha-D
      galactosyl-beta-D-mannotetraose, and at approximately 90 times the rate for beta
      D-mannobi-itol.

PMID- 6831487
TI  - Synthesis of benzyl 2-acetamido-3-O- and -6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-alpha -D-galactopyranoside.

PMID- 6831488
TI  - Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl 2-O-alpha- and -beta-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D
      fucopyranoside.

PMID- 6831490
TI  - Lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas maltophilia: composition of the
      lipopolysaccharide and structure of the side-chain polysaccharide from strain
      N.C.I.B. 9204.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide was extracted from defatted cell-walls of Pseudomonas
      maltophilia N.C.I.B. 9204. The major fatty acid components were 9-methyldecanoic
      acid, 2-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy
      dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-11-methyldodecanoic acid. Monosaccharide
      components of the phosphorylated core-oligosaccharide were D-glucose, D-mannose,
      D-galacturonic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, and a 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. The
      putative O-specific polysaccharide was composed mainly of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D
      glucose, D-arabinose, and 6-deoxy-L-talose, but also contained an O-acetyl group
      and small proportions of rhamnose and 6-deoxy-3-O-methyltalose. Degradative and
      n.m.r. (1H and 13C) studies showed that the polymer had a branched trisaccharide
      repeating-unit with the following structure; the O-acetyl group was tentatively
      assigned to C-2 of the 6-deoxytalopyranosyl residue. (Formula: see text).

PMID- 6831489
TI  - Modified assay-procedure for guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy
      beta-D-glucopyranoside-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase with the aid of
      synthetic phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D
      galactopy-ranosyl -beta-D-glucopyranoside as a reference compound.
AB  - Starting from phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-beta-D
      glucopyranoside (1), chemical syntheses were developed for phenyl 2-acetamido-2
      deoxy-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) and phenyl 2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl -beta-D
      glucopyranoside (8). Thin-layer chromatography in the solvent system 6:4:1:5
      (v/v) 2-propanol-ethyl acetate-ammonium hydroxide-water clearly separated the
      synthetic trisaccharide 8 (RF 0.69) from synthetic disaccharide 4 (RF 0.78),
      fucose (RF 0.56), and GDP-fucose (which remained at the origin). Based upon this
      observation, a modified method for the determination of GDP-L-fucose: N
      acetylglucosaminide-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase was developed that
      employed the synthetic disaccharide 4 as an acceptor, and compound 8 as an
      authentic reference-compound. This modified assay-procedure can simultaneously
      monitor possible competing reactions which may interfere with determination of
      alpha-(1 leads to 4)-L-fucosyltransferase activity; these include phosphorylase
      and alpha-L-fucosidase activities, and incorporation of alpha-L-[14C]-fucose into
      endogenous acceptors of enzyme preparations. Thus, the modified assay-procedure
      should facilitate determination of alpha-(1 leads to 4)-L-fucosyltransferase.

PMID- 6831492
TI  - The carbohydrate units of asialo-ovomucoid: structural features.
AB  - The structural features of a heterogeneous glycopeptide fraction from asialo
      ovomucoid have been investigated by methylation analysis of the fraction and of
      products obtained at each stage of its sequential degradation with exo
      glycosidases. All glycopeptides in the fraction had a common core-structure beta
      D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 4)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to
      3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 4)]-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1
      leads to 6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D
      GlcpNAc leads to Asn. Heterogeneity in the fraction arose from variation in the
      amount of terminal galactose attached via a hexosaminyl residue to the alpha-D
      Manp-(1 leads to 3) residue, and from limited variation in the number of terminal
      hexosaminyl groups attached to the alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6) residue. One
      glycopeptide in the fraction contained the unusual feature of two different,
      triply-substituted mannosyl residues. Other structural features of the
      glycopeptide are discussed.

PMID- 6831491
TI  - The carbohydrate units of asialo-ovomucoid: their heterogeneity and enzymic
      degradation.
AB  - An ovomucoid variant free from sialic acid has been prepared in a pure state by
      ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purified glycoprotein
      contained 10-11 residues of mannose, 2-3 residues of galactose, and 21 residues
      of 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose. Glycopeptides have been prepared by exhaustive
      digestion with Pronase followed by ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 (X2)
      resin. Three fractions were obtained, all with similar contents of mannose and
      hexosamine but with various contents of galactose. The sugar-aspartic acid ratios
      indicated that all of the fractions were heterogeneous, the major fraction having
      mannose-galactose-hexosamine-aspartic acid ratios of 2.6:0.5:5.8:1.0. Cleavage of
      asialo-ovomucoid with cyanogen bromide and proteolytic digestion of the isolated
      fragments gave two heterogeneous glycopeptide fractions of similar composition.
      Both asialo-ovomucoid and the principal glycopeptide fraction were degraded with
      beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      singly and in sequence. Removal of much of the carbohydrate from asialo-ovomucoid
      had no appreciable effect on its anti-tryptic activity. By sequential degradation
      of the glycopeptide, a pentasaccharide core alpha-D-Man-[alpha-D-Man]-beta-D-Man
      beta-D-GlcNAc-beta-D-GlcNAc-Asn was obtained. Other structural features revealed
      by enzymic degradation are discussed.

PMID- 6831493
TI  - [Prothrombin time in long-term hemodialyzed patients. The effect of a single
      hemodialysis, heparin, protamine and vitamin K].

PMID- 6831494
TI  - [Renal function during swimming in ice-cold and warm water in individuals adapted
      to cold].

PMID- 6831495
TI  - [Comparison of the standard extraction of urinary steroids with extraction using
      SEP-PAK C 18 columns for gas chromatography].

PMID- 6831497
TI  - [Association of HLA antigens with atopic hypersensitivity to pollen allergens].

PMID- 6831498
TI  - [Relationships in rheocardiographic measurement dependent on sex factors].

PMID- 6831496
TI  - [The effect of diuretics on the intrarenal distribution of sulphamethoxydine in
      rats].

PMID- 6831499
TI  - [Social problems of epileptics at the present time. Results of a poll in the
      South Moravia region].

PMID- 6831502
TI  - [Average age of hypertensives who died from 1968 to 1980 in the East Bohemia
      Region].

PMID- 6831500
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy of trichinosis].

PMID- 6831501
TI  - [Contribution of computer tomography to the detection of perirenal hemorrhage
      after kidney biopsy].

PMID- 6831503
TI  - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia with lipanthyl].

PMID- 6831504
TI  - [Artificial hematuria and proteinuria].

PMID- 6831506
TI  - [Ethics and morality].

PMID- 6831505
TI  - [Macro-orchism. A significant symptom in the detection of the fragile X
      chromosome syndrome].

PMID- 6831507
TI  - [Present-day changes in immunity and IgE production in the population of
      children].

PMID- 6831508
TI  - [Evaluation of systolic and diastolic functions of the right cardiac ventricle].

PMID- 6831509
TI  - [Possibilities of the multi-purpose use of rheocardiography].

PMID- 6831510
TI  - [Sex activity and heterosexual development in men with acute myocardial
      infarctions].

PMID- 6831511
TI  - Circadian rhythms in phases of the cell cycle in the hamster as demonstrated by
      flow cytometry.
AB  - Circadian rhythmicity in the phases of the cell cycle of several epithelial
      tissues of the hamster was analysed by flow cytometry. Hamsters were killed every
      3 hr for 24 hr to permit observation of the effect of 'time of day' on the
      proportion of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle. Bone marrow and
      epithelium from cheek pouch, oesophagus and tongue were isolated and processed to
      single cell suspensions for analysis. The only systematic difference in the
      collection of the data was the time of day when the hamsters were killed. From
      the resulting DNA histograms, derived by flow cytometry (which was chosen as the
      technique for this study because of demonstrated applicability in determining
      cellular properties), the G1, S, and G2 fractions were estimated. Multiple linear
      regression techniques were used to estimate circadian periodicity in the data.
      The calculated circadian rhythms in tongue and oesophagus, derived by flow
      cytometry, were consistent with murine rhythms previously reported, as derived by
      other techniques. Circadian rhythms also were demonstrated by flow cytometry to
      be present in the cheek pouch epithelium, as has been reported by others.
      Although there was considerable fluctuation in findings from the bone marrow, the
      fluctuation was not of circadian periodicity, perhaps because of the mixed cell
      population. This study validates the reliability of older techniques, such as
      mitotic indices, labelling indices, and uptake of tritiated thymidine, which show
      the rhythmic nature of cell division in vivo.

PMID- 6831513
TI  - Cell dynamics in explants derived from tracheas of hamsters fed normal and
      vitamin A-deficient diets.

PMID- 6831514
TI  - Analysis of the relationship between the variation in intercleavage times and
      cell diversification during the cleavage stages of the teleost fish
      Nothobranchius guentheri.
AB  - A cell lineage study up to the ninth cleavage of the annual teleost fish
      Nothobranchius guentheri is presented and analysed with respect to a possible
      relationship between cell diversification and intercleavage times. The cleavage
      pattern contains both regular aspects (formation of the external yolk syncytial
      layer) and irregular aspects (formation of the deep cells and the enveloping
      layer cells). Cells that generate cells which divide again have a similar
      intercleavage time independent of the cell type of their daughters. Peripheral
      blastomeres with a shorter intercleavage time, that are situated near the centre
      of the blastoderm, contribute more to the formation of the deep cell population
      than those blastomeres with a longer intercleavage time, that lie closer to the
      margin of the blastoderm. No evidence was found for a relationship between the
      duration of the cell cycle and the cell type(s) a cell generates, nor for the
      involvement of mitotic gradients in cell diversification.

PMID- 6831512
TI  - Renewal of type A spermatogonia in adult rats.
AB  - The origin of type A spermatogonia in the rat, formed at each cycle of the
      seminiferous epithelium, has been investigated in segments of tubules dissected
      from the testes of animals killed at 1 and 44 hr after a single injection of
      [3H]thymidine. After fixation and staining these tubular segments were
      radioautographed according to the technique of Huckins & Kopriwa (1969). Labelled
      and unlabelled type A0, A4, A1 and intermediate spermatogonia were mapped and
      scored in tubular segments at stages I-IV of the cycle of the seminiferous
      epithelium, i.e. before, during and after the stage I peak of spermatogonial
      mitosis. In stage I of the cycle, the relatively rare type A0 spermatogonia (0.7
      per frame) were infrequently labelled at the two time intervals, while the large
      majority of numerous type A4 spermatogonia (8.7 per frame) were labelled. In
      stages II-IV of the cycle, of the numerous aligned type A1 spermatogonia, only a
      few were labelled at 1 hr, whereas many were labelled at 44 hr after
      [3H]thymidine injection. At the latter time interval, the intermediate
      spermatogonia were also well labelled. Thus, considering cell numbers and
      labelling indices, it appears that the type A4 spermatogonia may serve as
      precursors for both type A1 and intermediate spermatogonia.

PMID- 6831516
TI  - Transient intraclonal variation in interdivision time in relation to orientation
      at cytokinesis of GPK cells in layer culture.

PMID- 6831517
TI  - Kinetic studies of radiation damage and recovery of murine haemopoietic stem
      cells during and after continuous irradiation at low dose rate.
AB  - Under continuous gamma irradiation at a low dose rate of 0.70 Gy/day, the
      cellularities of blood forming cells in bone marrow decrease with increasing
      accumulated radiation dose. The biphasic nature of the dose-response curve may be
      due to the following factors: an increased rate of proliferation of CFUs,
      different radiation sensitivities of CFUs, GM-CFC and E-CFC, an increase in the
      amplification potential of progenitor cells and proliferative haemopoietic cells,
      and a reduction in differentiation 'pressure' on CFUs. After 49 days of chronic
      irradiation the content of E-CFC in murine bone marrow recovers rapidly, and
      approaches the pre-irradiation level by 5 days. However, the number of CFUs and
      GM-CFC reaches a plateau value of only 40% of normal within 34 days.

PMID- 6831515
TI  - Analysis of the variability and of the lengthening of intercleavage times during
      the cleavage stages of Nothobranchius guentheri.
AB  - By means of time-lapse cinematography the early development of the annual fish
      Nothobranchius guentheri was recorded on 16-mm film up to the tenth cleavage
      round. Analysis of the films showed that the mean intercleavage time is much the
      same up to the seventh cleavage. Thereafter, intercleavage times increase, with
      steps of about 30 min or a multiple of it, at each subsequent cleavage. As
      development proceeds, the variability in intercleavage times increases. A
      positive correlation of sister intercleavage times exists from the seventh
      generation, whereas intercleavage times of mother-daughter cells are positively
      correlated in the ninth generation. The results suggest that the lengthening of
      the cell cycle after the seventh cleavage is due to the insertion of a time
      period in a programmable mitotic clock. The duration of this time period differs
      between the different cell lines of a pedigree, probably because of a difference
      in cell volume. Variability in intercleavage times might also arise as a result
      of some random transition which the cells traverse only once per 5 min with a
      transition probability of 0.67/5 min.

PMID- 6831519
TI  - A comparative study of primary and secondary granules in monocytopoiesis and
      myelopoiesis of mouse bone marrow.
AB  - The differentiation and maturation of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes were
      studied in bone marrow of normal mice by electron microscopy and cytochemical
      assessment of peroxidatic activity. The granule populations of the mature cells
      of bone marrow were identified and investigated to obtain a basis for the
      analysis of the earlier stages of maturation. Mature monocytes and neutrophils
      showed primary and secondary granules, and mature neutrophils had more of both
      kinds. The size, shape, and number of primary granules proved to offer the most
      reliable criteria for distinguishing promonocytes and promyelocytes. The primary
      granules of monocytes were smaller than those of mature neutrophils and were
      either spherical (smallest diameter 50-200 nm) or elongate (100 X 400 nm). Both
      granules had a homogeneous matrix. The granules of the granulocytes were either
      spherical (smallest diameter 200-300 nm) or elongate (150-200 X 300-500 nm), and
      some of them had a crystalline inclusion.

PMID- 6831518
TI  - Neural control of embryonic acetylcholine receptor and skeletal muscle.
AB  - The manner by which motor neurons exert control over the distribution and number
      of acetylcholine receptors, and muscle development was investigated in the
      superior oblique muscle of white Peking duck embryos. Clusters of receptors in
      the normally developing muscle first appeared on day 10 of incubation as
      determined with I125 alpha-bungarotoxin autoradiography. The initial appearance
      of receptor clusters coincided with the arrival of motor nerve fibers in the
      muscle. Clusters of receptors also appeared in normal fashion in muscles made
      aneural by destruction of motor neurons on day 7. But after day 14 these clusters
      had disappeared and no new clusters were seen thereafter in the aneural muscle.
      Receptor clusters persisted throughout development in muscle in which
      neuromuscular transmission was blocked with either curare or botulinum toxin and
      in muscles denervated on day 10.5, i.e., shortly after the initial nerve-muscle
      contact but prior to the onset of muscle activity. A progressive increase in the
      total number of receptors and in the total amount of protein occurred during the
      course of normal development. However, the specific activity of the receptor
      protein declined sharply following innervation on day 10. The total number of
      receptors and the specific activity of the receptor was affected depending on
      whether the motor neurons were destroyed before or after innervation and
      following chronic blockade of neuromuscular transmission. The half-life of the
      receptor protein was similar in normal, aneural, and paralyzed muscles (26, 25,
      26 h, respectively). Measurements of total protein indicated that essentially no
      muscle growth occurred in the complete absence of innervation. Paralyzed muscles
      continued to develop but at a slower pace.

PMID- 6831521
TI  - The existence of tubulo-cisternal endoplasmic reticulum in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Rat livers were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde via the portal vein and
      postfixed with a mixture of osmium tetroxide and potassium ferricyanide.
      Subsurface cisterns and vesicles were demonstrated, and, from serial sections, it
      appears that these organelles are part of large, fenestrated cisterns situated
      parallel to and at a distance of 20-40 nm from the lateral plasma membrane. Some
      of the cisterns possessed ribosomes on the surface facing the interior of the
      cell and, at points, they were continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. From
      the lateral cisterns, tubules approached the plasma membrane facing the space of
      Disse and the sinusoid. A network of tubules was found in the vicinity of the
      bile canaliculus; a part of it lay close to the canalicular plasma membrane.
      Serial sectioning revealed that this network was continuous with the lateral
      cisterns via the endoplasmic reticulum. This morphology resembles that of tubulo
      cisternal endoplasmic reticulum of such transporting epithelia as the choroid
      plexus and the renal proximal tubules.

PMID- 6831520
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy and administration of hypertonic saline on the content of
      aldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory material and posterior lobe hormones in
      the median eminence and the neural lobe of rats.
AB  - The influence of adrenalectomy and administration of hypertonic saline on the
      amount of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin contained in the median eminence
      and the neural lobe of rats was studied by means of the following methods: (i)
      morphometric and microphotometric analyses of aldehyde fuchsin-stained
      histological sections of the neurohypophysis; (ii) immunohistochemical
      demonstration of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin in the neurohypophysis,
      and (iii) radioimmunological measurement of vasopressin and oxytocin in extracts
      of the median eminence and the neural lobe. Adrenalectomy increases the amount of
      vasopressin and neurophysin in the external layer of the median eminence but does
      not change the content of oxytocin. It has no influence on the amount of
      vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin demonstrable in the inner layer of the
      median eminence and in the neural lobe two weeks after the operation. Hypertonic
      saline markedly diminishes the vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin content of
      the inner layer of the median eminence and the neural lobe but reduces only
      slightly, if at all, the amount of vasopressin and neurophysin in the outer layer
      of the median eminence. The findings support the concept that osmotic stress
      reduces only the vasopressin and oxytocin content of the hypothalamus-neural lobe
      system and has no or only little influence on the vasopressin content of the
      outer layer of the median eminence.

PMID- 6831522
TI  - Oogenesis in Campodea sp. (Insecta, Diplura): chorion formation and the
      ultrastructure of follicle cells.
AB  - During advanced vitellogenesis the follicle cells of Campodea sp. are well
      developed and contain numerous electron-dense secretory vacuoles. In the
      postvitellogenic phase the contents of these vacuoles are released from follicle
      cells and give rise to a thin chorion on the oocyte surface. Concurrently,
      segregation of yolk spheres takes place in the ooplasm: small spheres migrate to
      the oocyte periphery and come to lie in the so-called peripheral zone of
      cytoplasm, whereas large spheres remain in the cell centre.

PMID- 6831523
TI  - A crypto-lymphatic unit at the uvula of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. A light-
      and electron-microscopic study.
AB  - A crypto-lymphatic unit was observed at the left lateral aspect of the uvula of a
      mature female monkey, Macaca fascicularis. A light- and transmission electron
      microscopic investigation revealed that the lumen of the crypt was filled with
      bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. The non
      keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the crypt was fragmented and showed
      heavy mononuclear cell infiltration and surface discontinuities, exposing
      lymphoid cells to foreign material. The lymphatic parenchyma consisted of
      organized lymphatic tissue including germinal centres. The resident cell
      population included lymphocytes of varying size, blastforming B- and T
      lymphocytes and two types of reticular cells resembling the fibroblastic
      reticulum cell and the follicular dendritic cell, respectively. Occasionally
      granulocytes were encountered. At its base and laterally the crypto-lymphatic
      unit was ensheathed by a thin connective tissue capsule. Three other monkeys of
      the same species failed to reveal similar structures at the same site.

PMID- 6831525
TI  - Periodic, multimodal distribution of granule volumes in mast cells.
AB  - The areas of 2327 mast cell granules in transmission electron micrographs of
      sections of peritoneal mast cells from adult rats were measured by digitized
      planimetry. A histogram constructed using equivalent volumes calculated from the
      measured areas assuming approximation of the granules to spheres showed a
      periodic multimodal distribution in which the modes fell at volumes that were
      successively larger integral multiples of the volume at the first mode.
      Application of a moving-bin technique to the data confirmed the presence of the
      modes. We propose a mechanism of fusion of unit sized granules to account for the
      multimodal distribution. The presence of pear- and dumbbell-shaped granules in
      mast cells is consistent with this mechanism.

PMID- 6831524
TI  - Cell type-specific binding of Ricinus lectin to murine cerebellar cell surfaces
      in vitro.
AB  - The binding of several plant lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris A
      (LCA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA 120)
      to cell surfaces of developing mouse cerebellar cells was assayed by the use of
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated compounds. Freshly dissociated, live
      single-cell suspensions from 6-day-old mouse cerebellum contain 93% ConA, 99%
      LCA, 98% WGA, and 59% RCA 120-positive cells with ring fluorescence. Of the RCA
      120-positive cells, 4% express a high and 55% a lower or very low number of
      lectin receptors. Flow cytometric analysis of fluorescent lectin binding yields
      results qualitatively similar to those obtained by scoring positive and negative
      cells in the fluorescence microscope. In monolayer cultures of 6-day-old mouse
      cerebellum practically all cells express receptors for ConA, LCA, and WGA,
      whereas RCA 120 binding sites are absent from neurons with small cell bodies
      (granule, basket and stellate cells) and present in large number on neurons with
      large cell bodies (Purkinje and possibly Golgi Type-II cells) and fibroblasts.
      RCA 120 receptors are weakly expressed on astro- and oligodendroglia. Cell type
      specific expression of RCA 120 receptors is constant throughout all ages studied
      (embryonic day 13 to postnatal day 9). At early embryonic ages the proportion of
      highly fluorescent neurons with large cell bodies is significantly increased.

PMID- 6831527
TI  - Organ culture of the small intestine of the suckling mouse in a serum-free
      medium.
AB  - Proximal and distal parts of the small intestine of 8-day-old suckling mice can
      best be maintained for 48 h in a serum-free organ culture system, Leibovitz L-15,
      at room air and room temperature. As determined by light and electron microscopy,
      the villous architecture was preserved as well as the classical ultrastructure of
      the enterocytes. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine continued during
      the culture period, reflecting a sustained synthesis of DNA and proteins for at
      least 48 h. The hydrolytic activities of the brushborder membrane, namely of
      lactase (L), trehalase (T), glucoamylase (GA) and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase)
      were measured in the explants as well as the culture medium. The overall
      enzymatic activities were increased as compared to the controls. In the tissue,
      L, GA and T activities remained stable or even increased during culture while in
      the medium an accumulation of enzymatic activities was noted especially for GA an
      AlPase. These results show that the morphological as well as the functional
      integrity of the mucosa is preserved for at least 48 h when small intestine of
      suckling mice is cultured in a serum-free medium.

PMID- 6831528
TI  - Production and formation of the basement membrane in embryonic tissues of the
      mouse. An electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Mouse embryos (strain NMRI) of days 9 + 2h, 9 + 12h, 10 + 2h, 10 + 12h, 11 + 2h,
      12 + 2h, 13 + 2h, and 14 + 2h were fixed (i) in 3% glutaraldehyde + 3%
      paraformaldehyde, (ii) in 1% glutaraldehyde + 1% tannic acid, or (iii) in 1%
      glutaraldehyde + 1.5% ruthenium red. The electronmicroscopic picture of the
      basement membrane (BM) changed depending on the fixative used. Addition of tannic
      acid led to a higher staining intensity of glycoproteins, whereas after ruthenium
      red proteoglycans were more heavily stained. The BM around the neural tube and
      around the epithelial tubules in the lung anlage were investigated electron
      microscopically. After fusion, the BM in the dorsal regions of the neural tube is
      missing; on days 9-10 it is, however, reformed. Between days 11 and 13 wide gaps
      in the BM of the lung anlage occur at the growth buds of the epithelial tubes,
      which are bridged on late day 13. In the basal parts of these two epithelial
      types membrane-bordered granules of different density occur singly or in groups.
      It is postulated that these structures contain BM-material and represent
      secretion granules. After secretion, BM-material is first bound to the cell
      membrane. This process is important for the initiation of the formation of the
      BM. Further growth, however, proceeds via lateral aggregation (self-assembly).
      Thus, intercellular gaps are bridged independent of the cell membrane. The
      process of lateral aggregation may also explain deviations from the normal course
      of the BM.

PMID- 6831526
TI  - Ultrastructure of the reactivated corpus luteum after embryonic diapause in the
      marsupial, Macropus rufogriseus banksianus.
AB  - During embryonic diapause in the red-necked wallaby, M.r. banksianus, both the
      corpus luteum and uterine blastocyst remain dormant, and are reactivated
      following removal of the suckling pouch young (RPY). The morphology of dormant
      and reactivated corpora lutea has been studied throughout the 26.5 days of
      delayed gestation. Corpora lutea at 0, 2 1/2, 4, 9, 14, 21 and 25 days after RPY
      were fixed by perfusion. From day 4 to day 14 after RPY there was a progressive
      increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the numbers of
      mitochondria. However there was a decrease in mitochondrial size from 1-2 microns
      in diameter (0 days after RPY) to 0.5-1 micron (14 days after RPY). Densely
      staining granules (approximately 0.2 microns in diameter) were first observed in
      the luteal cells at 4 days after RPY. The maximum density of granules was
      observed at 21 days after RPY. Shortly before birth (25 days after RPY) the
      number of secretory granules had significantly decreased and the features of
      cellular regression were evident. As with the eutherian mammals, the wallaby
      luteal cells have all the structural organelles associated with steroid hormone
      production. The numbers of densely-staining granules are greatest at 21 days
      after RPY and may reflect the luteal progesterone content since similar granules
      in the sheep and cow have been shown to be associated with elevated levels of
      progesterone.

PMID- 6831529
TI  - Ultrastructure of the kidney of the marine teleost Sparus auratus: the renal
      corpuscle and the tubular nephron.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the renal corpuscle and tubule of Sparus auratus is
      described. The parietal epithelium in Bowman's capsule is flattened with
      occasional cilia; podocytes are large with bundles of perinuclear microfilaments,
      a large vacuole and occasional cilia; a filtration slit membrane can sometimes be
      identified; mesangial cells are placed peripherally and among the walls of the
      capillaries. The neck segment is short and ciliated; it lacks the mucous cells
      which appear in some teleosts. The first proximal segment has columnar cells with
      a well developed brush border, and some cilia, large light vacuoles and many
      lysosomes appear in the apical zone; the second proximal segment has taller cells
      than the former, which appear with a less dense brush border, containing numerous
      multivesicular bodies; the third proximal segment, which has cells similar to the
      previous ones, possesses a less developed brush border and numerous mitochondria
      scattered all over the cytoplasm. No distal tubule is present. There is a
      collecting tubule with columnar cells with few microvilli and some apical mucin
      granules which empty into the collecting duct.

PMID- 6831530
TI  - Development of the granule population in heterophil granulocytes from rat bone
      marrow.
AB  - The development of the heterophil granulocyte in the bone marrow of the rat is
      described, and an electron-microscopical analysis of the changes in the cytoplasm
      as well as in the granule population in several stages of maturation is reported.
      Three types of granule originate in consecutive stages of heterophil maturation.
      Granules with an internal fine structure (nucleated granules) are the first to be
      formed, i.e., in early promyelocytes; azurophil granules are formed in late
      promyelocytes; and specific granules appear in myelocytes. Quantitative analysis
      showed that the granule population in mature cells, i.e., about 160 granules per
      electron micrograph, is composed of roughly 14% nucleated granules, 10% azurophil
      granules, and 76% specific granules. Three cell stages were observed in mitosis:
      the early promyelocyte, the late promyelocyte, and the myelocyte. Granule counts
      in non-dividing cells confirmed the occurrence of mitosis in the late
      promyelocyte and myelocyte.

PMID- 6831531
TI  - Merkel cell distribution in the epidermis as determined by quinacrine
      fluorescence.
AB  - The Merkel cell distribution in the basal epidermis of amphibian and mammalian
      skin was visualized in whole mounts by means of quinacrine fluorescence. In most
      cases only the isolated epidermis was viewed following dermal-epidermal
      separation. Tadpole tentacles contained numerous quinacrine fluorescent cells
      (QFC) 25-40 microns apart. Groups of 2-4 QFC were found around the gland openings
      in frog epidermis but not in salamander epidermis where the QFC were irregularly
      scattered 40-100 microns apart. In the rat, ring-like clusters of a few to 200 or
      more QFC were distributed across the basal epidermis of trunk skin (at touch
      domes or Haarscheiben), eyelid, ear, nose, and whisker pad. The ridged (glabrous)
      skin of the nose and footpad contained numerous QFC that appeared to follow the
      contours of the epidermal ridges. The isolated external root sheath of rat
      vibrissae contained an upper cylindrical cuff of several hundred QFC; enzymatic
      dissociation of these sheaths produced individually isolated as well as small
      clusters of fluorescent and non-fluorescent cells. Electron-microscopic
      examination of several of these cells confirmed that the fluorescent ones are
      Merkel cells, identified by the presence of characteristic dense-cored granules;
      in contrast, the non-fluorescent cells lack this ultrastructural feature.

PMID- 6831532
TI  - Stereological studies on the rat small intestinal epithelium. II. Effects of
      antrectomy and antral exclusion.
AB  - Morphological studies were carried out on the absorptive cells of the small
      intestine to elucidate their reaction to shunt operations and to variations in
      endogenous gastrin production. Adult rats were subjected to 1) antrectomy with
      gastro-duodenostomy, 2) antrectomy with gastro-jejunostomy, 3) antral exclusion,
      or 4) sham operation. Quantitative light microscopy revealed no significant
      differences among the different groups with regard to the height of the
      absorptive cells and to the internal surface area of the duodenum or jejunum. In
      contrast, stereological measurements at electron-microscopical level demonstrated
      significant differences in the apical surface area of the absorptive cells. After
      antral exclusion or antrectomy with gastro-jejunostomy the apical surface area in
      the duodenal blind loop increased by 28% and 78%, respectively, in comparison to
      the sham-operated rats. A reduction of this area by approximately 30-40% was
      registered for the jejunal absorptive cells after antrectomy or antral exclusion.
      Hormone levels as well as intraluminal factors are presumably responsible for
      these variations in the brush-border surface area.

PMID- 6831536
TI  - Cytophysiological aspects of digestion and storage in the liver of a scorpion,
      Androctonus australis (Arachnida).
AB  - The liver of a scorpion, Androctonus australis (Arachnida), was examined electron
      microscopically and cytochemically, emphasizing correlations between structure,
      cytochemistry and physiology. The liver consists of digestive diverticula and
      interstitial tissue. Digestive diverticula are composed of basophilic cells and
      digestive cells. Basophilic cells produce exoenzymes. Digestive cells ensure
      intracellular digestion of nutrients absorbed by pinocytosis and store glycogen,
      lipids and mineral salts; the wastes of the digestive process (guanine, uric
      acid, mineral elements, pigments) are concentrated in "brown body vacuoles" which
      are ejected into the lumen of the diverticula. The interstitial tissue stores
      glycogen and lipids; it contains many lysosome-like organelles rich in iron.
      Fasting induces a decrease of the ratio of the volume of the diverticula to that
      of the interstitial tissue, a slow disappearance of the reserves in both
      diverticula and interstitial tissue, an increase of synthesis in the basophilic
      cells, and a decrease of the number of vacuoles in the digestive cells. The
      digestive mode of the scorpions associates a primitive intracellular process with
      an advanced extracellular process. The interstitial tissue can be considered as
      homologous to the adipose tissue of insects and myriapods, although it is devoid
      of urate cells. The excretion of guanine and uric acid has a peculiar meaning,
      because these purine wastes do not come from endogenous catabolism.

PMID- 6831533
TI  - Changes in the satellite cells of the anuran tadpole tail muscles during
      metamorphosis.
AB  - The incidence and the ultrastructure of the satellite cells associated with red
      and white muscle fibres of the anuran (Rana japonica) tadpole tail were examined
      in three stages (hindlimb-bud, prometamorphic, and climax) during metamorphosis.
      In these three stages the satellite cells are found more frequently in the red
      fibres than in the white fibres. As metamorphosis proceeds, the incidence of the
      satellite cells decreases in both red and white fibres. The satellite cells in
      the hindlimb-bud stage have abundant cytoplasm rich in organelles. Cisternae of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum are often dilated. The intercellular space between
      the satellite cell and the muscle fibre is narrow and relatively constant (15-25
      nm). Some satellite cells appear to be in the process of fusion with the muscle
      fibre. Cytoplasmic volume and organellar content are gradually reduced during
      metamorphosis. In the prometamorphic and climax stages, the intercellular space
      is in general gradually extended. It often exceeds 0.5 microns, and usually
      contains the basal lamina and fibrous materials. Some satellite cells have
      cytoplasmic processes that project into the interstitial space through a gap in
      the basal lamina.

PMID- 6831535
TI  - On the occurrence of a myeloid body in pinealocytes of the white-footed mouse,
      Peromyscus leucopus. An electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The fine-structural features of pinealocytes of the white-footed mouse,
      Peromyscus leucopus, were examined. A single population of pinealocytes was
      observed in both superficial and deep components of the gland. Cells in both
      locations are characterized by the presence of an indented nucleus exhibiting a
      prominent nucleolus. The usual organelles in the perikaryon are the Golgi
      complexes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, microtubules and dense
      core vesicles. In addition the perikaryonal cytoplasm often contains a single
      myeloid body. These bodies are usually lenticular in shape, are formed of an
      array of flattened membranous cisternae, and are not bounded by a limiting
      membrane. This organelle usually lies in the vicinity of the nucleus and is
      infrequently associated with lipid bodies. Complex forms were also observed. The
      cisternae are continuous with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum at points
      along their expanded rims. The outer surface of the cisternal membrane exhibits a
      granularity or fuzziness. The cisternae may be fenestrated. Pinealocyte processes
      with an abundance of clear vesicles, and some dense-core vesicles and vesicle
      crowned rodlets are present in the parenchyma.

PMID- 6831534
TI  - The meningeal compartments of the median eminence and the cortex. A comparative
      analysis in the rat.
AB  - The intervascular segments of the leptomeninges of the rat were studied by the
      use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in short-term experiments. HRP was injected
      (i) intravenously, (ii) into the lateral ventricle, (iii) into the cortex, and
      (iv) into the meninges. The composition of the meninges covering the median
      eminence (ME) was analyzed in comparison to the results obtained with the
      parietal cortex. The meninges covering the cortex show the following pattern of
      layers and compartments: The intercellular compartment comprises the
      intercellular clefts of the neuropil, the subpial space, and the intercellular
      clefts of the leptomeninges. The pial space establishes a second compartment. The
      third compartment is the arachnoid space. The intercellular clefts of the dura
      form the fourth compartment. At the border of the ME, the neurothelium and the
      outer arachnoid layer are rolled up to form a tissue frame around a hollow pit
      that is covered by a diaphragm consisting of meningeal cells; the latter separate
      the hemal milieu of the ME from that of the dura. The hemal and the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) milieus may communicate to a limited extent only within the subpial
      space adjacent to the ME. The CSF-containing compartments of the pial and
      arachnoid spaces terminate at the brain-facing insertion of the tissue frame.
      According to the present results, an anatomical basis for a short-loop feedback
      from and to the neurohemal region of the ME via the CSF does not exist.

PMID- 6831538
TI  - A neuroanatomical study on the organization of the central antennal pathways in
      insects. III. Neuroanatomical characterization of physiologically defined
      response types of deutocerebral neurons in Periplaneta americana.
AB  - 1. Single unimodal (olfactory) or multimodal (olfactory and mechanosensory)
      neurons in the antennal lobe of the deutocerebrum of the American cockroach were
      characterized functionally by microelectrode recording, and their morphological
      types and positions in the brain were established by dye injection. Thus
      individual, physiologically identified neurons of known shape could be mapped in
      reference to the areas of soma groups, glomeruli, tracts and their projection
      regions in the brain. 2. All of these neurons send processes to deutocerebral
      glomeruli, i.e., the regions in which the axons of antennal sensory cells
      terminate. Output neurons have axons that leave the deutocerebrum whereas local
      interneurons are anaxonic. 3. An output neuron innervates only one glomerulus,
      sending its axon into the calyces of the corpora pedunculata (CP) in the
      protocerebrum, where by multiple branching they reach many CP neurons. The same
      axons send collaterals into the lateral lobe of the protocerebrum. Because of
      this arrangement, each deutocerebral glomerulus is represented individually and
      separately in the two projection regions. The fine structure of the endings of
      the deutocerebral axons in the protocerebrum is described. In the CP calyces they
      form microglomeruli with typical divergent connectivity. 4. A local interneuron
      innervates many glomeruli without sending processes to other parts of the brain.
      5. Unimodal olfactory and multimodal neurons can be either output neurons or
      local interneurons; multimodal information is sent to the protocerebrum directly,
      in parallel with the unimodal information. 6. At least one glomerulus--the
      macroglomerulus of the male deutocerebrum--is specialized so as to provide an
      exclusive topographic representation of certain olfactory stimuli not represented
      elsewhere (female sexual pheromone).

PMID- 6831537
TI  - Development of the capillary system in the neurohypophysis of the rat.
AB  - The development of the vascular system in the neurohypophysis of the rat shows
      three periods of structural differentiation. The first period lasts until the
      17th fetal day. During this period the superficial and the border plexuses are
      formed, and rapid vascularization of the neural lobe anlage takes place. The end
      of this period is marked by the formation of the perivascular space. The second
      period lasts from the 18th fetal day until the 10th day after birth. Its initial
      phase is characterized by the appearance of the first endothelial pores. During
      this period the formation of the internal capillaries proceeds, together with the
      maturation of the previously formed vascular elements. The third period lasts
      from the 10th postnatal day until the end of the first month after birth. At the
      end of this period the vascular net of the neural lobe has attained its fully
      developed state. The results of this study, together with data from previous
      investigations, lead to the conclusion that at the 18th fetal day the neural lobe
      displays signs of functional activity, and that the maturation of the vascular
      network in the neural lobe occurs more rapidly than the maturation of its other
      structural components.

PMID- 6831539
TI  - Wound healing in the cornea of the chick embryo. V. An observation and
      quantitative assessment of the cell shapes in the isolated corneal epithelium
      during spreading in vitro.
AB  - Spatio-temporal changes in the shapes of the epithelial cells in culture were
      followed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. On a substratum that
      enables the epithelium to spread extensively, the first remarkable change in
      shapes of the cells occurred at the margin of epithelium at 12 h of culture. The
      marginal cells formed leading edges with filo- or lamellipodia, flattened, and
      lost microvilli on surface. In accordance with those changes, the borderlines
      among cells became almost indiscrenible. Flattening of the cells was the
      essential characteristic associated with active epithelial spreading throughout
      the culture period. Elongation of cells of intermediate zone at right angles to
      the direction of the locomotion of the marginal cells at 24 h of culture was the
      second significant change. As the third, the change from the ordinary pentagonal
      or hexagonal to extraordinary tetragonal or other polygonal shapes, with or
      without irregular margins, began in cells of the intermediate area at 24 h and
      propagated to those in inner area. The active deformation of the inner cells with
      no space in which to move was considered to play some role in the extensive
      epithelial spreading.

PMID- 6831542
TI  - Testosterone-induced alterations in the reactivity pattern of the neurons in the
      arcuate nucleus of male mice. A karyometric study.
AB  - The effects of testosterone administration on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
      were studied in adult male mice by means of karyometry. Four animals per group
      were sacrificed 1, 2, and 3 h after intramuscular injection of 100 micrograms
      testosterone propionate/100 g body weight. The nuclear diameter of neurons was
      measured in serial coronal sections. Testosterone induced an increase in the
      nuclear diameter of neurons located in the dorsal and medial periventricular
      zones of the arcuate nucleus. The neurons exhibiting the greatest changes in
      nuclear diameter were situated in the rostral portion of the nuclear area
      examined. In the central portion of the arcuate nucleus no response to
      testosterone was found. The present data support previous observations showing
      mosaically arranged nerve-cell groups in this hypothalamic nucleus.

PMID- 6831541
TI  - Septate junctions with paired septa in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma
      lanceolatum.
AB  - The cells of the atrial epithelium of Branchiostoma lanceolatum are
      interconnected by an apical zonula adhaerens and a septate junction extending
      between the apical zonula adhaerens and a level corresponding to the middle of
      the nucleus. The spacing of the septa, which are relatively few in number (about
      10), varies considerably. Within the junction paired and unpaired septa occur.
      The thickness of the paired septa measures 16-25 nm, the distance between the
      individual septa of the paired structure 6-12 nm, and the intercellular space at
      the site traversed by the septa 17-20 nm. At the intersection between three cells
      the septa (paired or unpaired) delineate a central triangular space.

PMID- 6831543
TI  - Cytochemical localisation of calcium binding sites in adrenal chromaffin cells
      and their relation to secretion.
AB  - The ultrastructural localisation of calcium in the chromaffin cells of the
      adrenal medulla was investigated using the pyroantimonate technique. The electron
      dense precipitate resulting from processing in the presence of pyroantimonate was
      removed by treatment of sections with 2 mM EGTA suggesting that the
      pyroantimonate technique was localising calcium since this chelator shows a
      1000:1 preference for Ca2+ over Mg2+. Using dissociated cells from the bovine
      adrenal medulla, calcium was localised in control cells and in cells stimulated
      with 1 mM carbamylcholine for 1, 10 and 30 min. Stimulation resulted in an
      increase in plasma membrane-associated calcium within 1 min. Much of this calcium
      was localised at sites of granule-plasma membrane interaction and was also seen
      at sites of coated-vesicle formation at longer periods of stimulation. Membrane
      bounded vacuoles, appearing in cells stimulated for 10 or 30 min, also showed
      associated electron-dense precipitate. The results obtained are consistent with a
      role for the calcium ion as a mediator in exocytosis at the stage of granule
      plasma membrane fusion.

PMID- 6831540
TI  - Development of the larval nervous system of the sand dollar, Dendraster
      excentricus.
AB  - Transformation of the gastrula to the pluteus includes development of the ability
      of the larva to control the direction of ciliary beat and coordinate activities
      of the ciliary band with activities of the esophageal muscles (48-60 h, 15
      degrees C). Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence shows several cells of the animal
      plate to contain catecholamines in the 36-h gastrula. As the ectoderm thickens to
      form the ciliary band (36 48 h), the catecholamine-containing cells increase in
      number and occur dispersed throughout the band. Tissues with the ultrastructural
      characteristics of nerves first became apparent associated with the ciliary band
      in 60-h larvae. The coincident development of coordinated behaviour and the
      appearance of cells with ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics of
      nerves suggests that the larval nervous system is derived at least in part from
      cells of the animal plate and develops in association with the ciliary bands.

PMID- 6831546
TI  - Catheter for visualization of patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - We have developed a new catheter for transvenous angiography in patent ductus
      arteriosus (PDA) that has given excellent results in 31 patients (age range seven
      months to 17 years). Optimal selective opacification of PDA is due to maintaining
      the catheter side holes in close proximity to the PDA and to rapid delivery of
      relatively large volumes of contrast medium into the ampulla of the PDA without
      the catheter recoiling. The venous route of catheter insertion precludes possible
      arterial injury.

PMID- 6831548
TI  - External vascular compression by clamp.

PMID- 6831547
TI  - Nonsurgical technique for removal of catheter fragments from the pulmonary
      artery.
AB  - In this report the authors describe a new technique for nonsurgical retrieval of
      an embolized catheter fragment without free ends in the pulmonary artery using a
      "forceps with three grasping prongs." This method is extremely promising for
      retrieval of catheter fragments in the pulmonary artery, especially when the free
      ends are not accessible.

PMID- 6831545
TI  - Embryonic development of the smooth and striated musculatures of the chicken
      iris.
AB  - Both smooth muscle and striated muscle are present in the iris of the chick
      embryo. The two types of musculature form mixed clusters which include
      undifferentiated cells and many nerve fibres, but they are structurally quite
      distinct and have different origins. The smooth musculature originates around the
      10th day from a laminar invagination (iridial lamella) of the posterior
      epithelium, and is therefore an ectodermal derivative. The striated musculature
      appears slightly later than the smooth musculature and originates from
      undifferentiated cells which are regarded as mesenchymal. After the 15th day in
      ovo the smooth musculature stops growing; its cells become confined to an area
      very near the pupillary margin and many develop pigment granules in the
      sarcoplasm. Many smooth muscle cells seem to undergo regressive changes; however,
      cells with the typical appearance of visceral muscle cells are still present in
      the iris of 3-month-old chickens. High density of innervation and
      vascularization, wide range of striated muscle fibre diameters, presence of lipid
      vacuoles and of large clusters of mitochondria in the striated fibres, occurrence
      of peripheral couplings of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and presence of numerous
      fibroblast processes in the interstices between fibres, characterize the
      sphincter pupillae of the mature iris.

PMID- 6831544
TI  - Structure of the non-lymphoid cells during the postnatal development of the rat
      lymph nodes. Fibroblastic reticulum cells and interdigitating cells.
AB  - This study describes the postnatal development of the nonlymphoid cells with
      special reference to the fibroblastic reticulum cells (FRCs) and interdigitating
      cells (IDCs). The first lymphocytes of the neonatal lymph nodes are located in
      the developing deep cortex units (DCUs) identified by the Gomori's technique for
      reticulin fibres. Ultrastructural studies demonstrate that FRCs form the stroma
      of the DCUs. By light and electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that FRCs
      occupy the outer cortex in the following stages of development of the lymph
      nodes. Thus, FRCs form the stroma of the primary follicles and, later, are
      transformed in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) of the germinal centres.
      Immature or pro-IDCs appear as migrating elements in the deep cortex of lymph
      nodes of the neonatal rats. The ultrastructure of the pro-IDCs resembles that of
      the mature IDCs but not that of the phagocytic cells. Pro-IDCs are transformed
      into mature IDCs whose cytoplasmic expansions contact lymphocytes via tight
      junctions. Some of these lymphocytes are likely apposed to FRCs of the DCUs. No
      cells containing Birbeck granules were found in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes
      during the postnatal development. The role of these nonlymphoid cells is
      discussed with respect to the immunologic function of mammalian lymph nodes.

PMID- 6831549
TI  - Method for computation of cardiac output in mitral stenosis independent of left
      ventricular dimensions and kinetic state: correlation with cardiac
      catheterization via the Fick method.
AB  - An hydraulic orifice formula offering the possibility of quantifying cardiac
      output in conditions of mitral stenosis is tested using potentially noninvasive
      portions of catheterization data from patients evaluated for obstructive mitral
      valve disease. The equation studied is V = (1/21) R A T2, where V is the cardiac
      output (ml/min), R is the heart frequency, A is the mitral valve area (cm2), and
      T is the diastolic filling interval (sec/min). The mitral valve area was
      determined by the Gorlin formula, and R and T were measured from the pressure
      tracings recorded at cardiac catheterization. The degree of correspondence
      between the equation tested and the measured cardiac output as determined by the
      Fick principle technique is characterized by r = 0.87, SE = 450 ml/min, N = 10.
      The results suggest that the new formulation may offer a noninvasive method for
      estimating the cardiac output status of patients with mitral valve disease once
      mitral valve area is measured either at catheterization or by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 6831550
TI  - Estimation of mixed venous oxygen saturation.
AB  - Pulmonary artery oxygen saturation (PA) was measured directly and estimated from
      venal cavae samples in 175 adults without intracardiac shunts to ascertain which
      of four formulas (MV1, MV2, MV3, or MV4) best estimated mixed venous oxygen
      saturation. Because the formula MV1, which favored IVC samples, most closely
      approximated pulmonary artery saturation, we recommend its use to estimate
      systemic flow in patients with left-to-right shunts. In addition, a difference
      between directly measured PA and calculated MV1 of 6% or greater indicates the
      presence of a left-to-right shunt in 97% of cases.

PMID- 6831551
TI  - What is the appropriate "dress code" for the cardiac catheterization laboratory?
AB  - In order to determine the effect of the manner of dress by personnel and
      observers on cardiac catheterization-related infections, a retrospective survey
      was undertaken of 107,203 catheterization procedures done during the calendar
      year prior to this survey. An analysis of 55,976 cutdowns and 53,578 percutaneous
      procedures was performed (some subjects had both procedures performed). A total
      of 379 infections in 109,554 entrance sites were reported for an overall
      incidence of infection of 0.35%. There were 33 infections at the percutaneous
      site (incidence = 0.06%) and 346 at the cutdown site (incidence = 0.62%). The
      manner of dress of personnel not involved with catheter manipulation and of the
      observers had no relationship to the incidence of infection when the percutaneous
      technique was used. When cutdowns were performed, there was a lower incidence of
      infection in those laboratories where all personnel and observers were required
      to wear a mask, cap, and gown (17,311 cutdowns, 83 infections, 0.48% infection
      rate) than in those laboratories where none of these was required (15,170
      cutdowns, 109 infections, 0.72% infection rate) (P less than 0.025). Laboratories
      which did 150 or less cutdowns/year had more infections than those laboratories
      performing more than 150/year (P less than 0.0001). Our data suggest that the
      risk of infection from cardiac catheterization is more closely correlated with
      the volume of studies done in the laboratory than in the manner of dress of the
      laboratory personnel and visitors in the laboratory. However, the wearing of full
      "sanitary clothing" will help decrease the infection rate in cutdowns.

PMID- 6831552
TI  - Fever, chills, and hypotension following cardiac catheterization with single- and
      multiple-use disposable catheters.
AB  - Recognition of pyrogen reactions in patients studied with multiple-use cardiac
      catheters led to recommendations regarding their cleaning and ultimately to the
      expensive practice of discarding catheters after a single use. Primarily because
      of cost considerations, our laboratory continued to clean and reuse catheters
      through 1981. This afforded an opportunity to assess the endemic rate of adverse
      reactions associated with this practice. We prospectively evaluated 341 patients
      who were studied with single-use or multiple-use catheters. The overall incidence
      of adverse reactions was: hypotension 27%, fever 3%, chills 3%, and all three
      0.6%. There were no statistically significant increases in these reactions
      associated with the reuse of catheters. Bacterial infection did not appear
      responsible for these reactions, and it is possible that they were due to
      angiographic dye. We conclude that careful cleaning and reuse of catheters does
      not create an obvious increase in the risk of infection, and it appears to play a
      minor role, if any, in the development of other adverse reactions.

PMID- 6831555
TI  - Consumptive coagulopathy secondary to a groin hematoma: an unusual complication
      of percutaneous transfemoral catheterization.

PMID- 6831556
TI  - New method: calculation of magnification factor from an intracardiac marker.
AB  - In order to calculate a magnification factor (MF), an intracardiac marker
      (pigtail catheter with markers) was evaluated using a new formula and correlated
      with the conventional grid method. By applying the Pythagorean theorem and
      trigonometry, a new formula was developed, which is (formula; see text) In an
      experimental study, MF by the intracardiac markers was 0.71 +/- 0.15 (M +/- SD)
      and one by the grid method was 0.72 +/- 0.15, with a correlation coefficient of
      0.96. In patients study, MF by the intracardiac markers was 0.77 +/- 0.06 and one
      by the grid method was 0.77 +/- 0.05. We conclude that this new method is simple
      and the results were comparable to the conventional grid method at mid-chest
      level.

PMID- 6831553
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: complementary role
      of echocardiographic and nuclear techniques.
AB  - This 45-year-old white male was evaluated for congestive heart failure initially
      ascribed to a rapidly progressive cardiomyopathy. Both radionuclide
      ventriculography and echocardiography correctly identified a left ventricular
      pseudoaneurysm as the cause for heart failure. Thallium-201 scintigraphy, by
      demonstrating a large perfusion defect, suggested a large ostium of the
      pseudoaneurysm. Following resection of the false aneurysm, a Dacron prosthesis
      was required to close a large posterior wall defect. We conclude that both
      radionuclide ventriculography and echocardiography can independently demonstrate
      a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. The combined noninvasive approach is able to
      delineate various anatomical aspects of the pseudoaneurysm and help in planning
      adequate surgical intervention.

PMID- 6831557
TI  - Left ventricular and aortic catheterization and angiography via a patent ductus
      arteriosus: a new technique.
AB  - A new "transductal" technique of aortic arch and left ventricular angiography in
      patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is described by introducing the
      catheter to the aortic arch from the pulmonary artery via the PDA. Over a 4-year
      period, 44 infants and children with complicated PDA underwent cardiac
      catheterization with this technique at our institution. Twenty-five of the 30 in
      the group with PDA alone and 12 of 14 in the group with associated cardiac
      defects had successful aortic arch catheterization and angiography, an 84%
      success rate. No complications were encountered during the procedure. The
      technique offers a safe alternative to retrograde arterial catheterization in
      patients with PDA who have other associated lesions.

PMID- 6831554
TI  - Nonpenetrating traumatic complete heart block and myocardial infarction with
      normal coronaries: a case report with review of the literature.

PMID- 6831558
TI  - Four unique genes required for beta tubulin expression in vertebrates.
AB  - We have isolated the four separate segments of chicken DNA which contain sequence
      homology to beta tubulin. With the exception of a fifth region of DNA which
      appears to contain only a 5' fragment of a beta gene, these four cloned sequences
      represent all of the beta tubulin encoding DNA in the chicken. Each gene is very
      similar in structure, containing three or four small intervening sequences
      clustered in the 5' portion of the coding region. Using RNAs prepared from a
      variety of cell lines and tissues, we have found five different mRNAs which carry
      beta tubulin sequences, two of which are encoded by the same gene. Three of these
      mRNAs are unexpectedly long (between 3500 and 4000 bases). However, these large
      mRNAs do give authentic beta tubulin translation products. Overall, we conclude
      that each of the four beta tubulin genes is a functional gene which is expressed
      in a specific program during differentiation. These data strongly suggest that
      four beta tubulins are necessary for proper microtubule function in vertebrates.

PMID- 6831559
TI  - The gene family for major urinary proteins: expression in several secretory
      tissues of the mouse.
AB  - The major urinary proteins (MUPs) of the mouse are encoded by a multigene family
      located at the Mup a locus on chromosome 4. Previous investigations have shown
      that the MUPs are synthesized in the liver, secreted and then excreted in the
      urine. We have found significant levels of MUP mRNA in several secretory tissues:
      the liver and the submaxillary, lachrymal and mammary glands. There are striking
      differences in hormonal and developmental regulation of MUP gene expression in
      these tissues. Furthermore, each tissue appears to express a characteristic
      pattern of MUP mRNAs. In particular, the lachrymal glands appear to express an
      entirely different set of MUP mRNAs. These results are discussed in relation to
      the organization of the MUP gene cluster and a possible function of the MUPs.

PMID- 6831560
TI  - Bacterial bioluminescence: isolation and genetic analysis of functions from
      Vibrio fischeri.
AB  - Recombinant E. coli that produce light were found in a clone library of hybrid
      plasmids containing DNA from the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. All
      luminescent clones had a 16 kb insert that encoded enzymatic activities for the
      light reaction as well as regulatory functions necessary for expression of the
      luminescence phenotype (Lux). Mutants generated by transposons Tn5 and mini-Mu
      were used to define Lux functions and to determine the genetic organization of
      the lux region. Regulatory and enzymatic functions were assigned to regions of
      two lux operons. With transcriptional fusions between the lacZ gene or transposon
      mini-Mu and the target gene, expression of lux operons could be measured in the
      absence of light production. The direction of transcription of lux operons was
      deduced from the orientation of mini-Mu insertions in the fusion plasmids.
      Induction of transcription of one lux operon required a function encoded by that
      operon (autoregulation). From these and other regulatory relationships, we
      propose a model for genetic control of light production.

PMID- 6831561
TI  - Isotope and thermal effects in chemiosmotic coupling to the flagellar motor of
      Streptococcus.
AB  - The torque generated by the flagellar motor of Streptococcus strain V4051 has
      been determined from rates of rotation of cells tethered by a single flagellum in
      media of different isotopic composition and temperature. Starved cells were
      energized artificially with either a potassium diffusion potential or a pH
      gradient. The torque increased linearly with protonmotive force. Identical
      results were obtained in media made with D2O or H2O; there was no solvent isotope
      effect. At a fixed protonmotive force, the torque was approximately constant over
      a temperature range of 4 degrees -38 degrees C. In cells chemotactically inert to
      changes in cytoplasmic pH, the motor turned counterclockwise when protons moved
      inward and clockwise when they moved outward. We conclude that the motor is a
      reversible engine driven by simple acid-base dissociation. A detailed model is
      discussed.

PMID- 6831562
TI  - Penetration of Semliki Forest virus from acidic prelysosomal vacuoles.
AB  - To identify and characterize the intracellular site from which the penetration of
      Semliki Forest virus (SFV) to the cytosolic compartment of the host cell occurs,
      we determined the time course and temperature dependence of nucleocapsid
      uncoating and infection in BHK-21 cells. At 37 degrees C the genome release to
      the cytosol was detected within 5-7 min after virus endocytosis, whereas delivery
      of the virus particles to secondary lysosomes occurred within 15-20 min. At
      temperatures of 15 degrees -20 degrees C virus particles were internalized by
      endocytosis, but they were not delivered to the secondary lysosomes.
      Nevertheless, at 20 degrees C nucleocapsid uncoating and infection occurred,
      indicating that secondary lysosomes are not required for SFV penetration. We
      conclude that the penetration reaction occurs in prelysosomal endocytic vacuoles
      (endosomes). As SFV penetration by membrane fusion requires a pH less than 6 and
      the presence of cholesterol in the target membrane, the data indicate that
      endosomes are acidic and contain cholesterol.

PMID- 6831563
TI  - Location of a protein of the fodrin-spectrin-TW260/240 family in the mouse
      intestinal brush border.
AB  - We have determined that a protein of the fodrin-spectrin-TW260/240 (FST) family
      is a component of the thin fibrils (approximately 5 nm wide, 100-200 nm long)
      that cross-link bundles of actin filaments to adjacent actin bundles and to the
      plasma membrane in the terminal web of the brush border of the intestinal
      epithelium. When isolated brush borders were incubated with anti-fodrin
      antibodies and prepared for electron microscopy by the quick-freeze, deep-etch
      technique, these approximately 5 nm fibrils were specifically decorated with the
      antibody. In addition, these cross-linking fibrils disappeared when the anti
      fodrin-reactive proteins were extracted from the brush border. We conclude that
      FST is a component of a cross-linking system composed of approximately 5 nm
      fibrils that are morphologically distinct from the approximately 8 nm myosin
      containing fibrils which were identified by anti-myosin decoration. In addition
      to linking actin bundles to adjacent actin bundles and to the plasma membrane,
      these FST fibrils may mediate actin-vesicle, actin-intermediate filament and
      vesicle-plasma membrane linkages.

PMID- 6831564
TI  - Anti-idiotypic immunity and autoimmunity. II. Idiotypic determinants of
      autoantibodies and lymphocytes in spontaneous and experimentally induced
      autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - In a previous report, it was demonstrated that heterologous anti-idiotypic
      antibodies to autoantibodies against rat thyroglobulin (ART) were capable of
      inhibiting the in vitro binding between ART and rat thyroglobulin. It has also
      been shown that repeated injections of anti-idiotypic antibodies into Buffalo
      (BUF) rats with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis were followed by a significant
      decrease in the levels of circulating ART. In this report, cross-reacting
      idiotypic determinants, detectable by rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies to ART,
      are shown to also be present on ART from rats with experimentally induced
      autoimmune thyroiditis. In addition, antibodies to rat thyroglobulin from animals
      of various strains and species are shown to also express idiotypes cross-reacting
      with those of spontaneous ART of BUF rats. Finally, it is reported that idiotypic
      determinants similar to those of circulating ART are present on spleen
      lymphocytes from rats with autoimmune thyroiditis.

PMID- 6831565
TI  - Induction of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei by cytoplasmic factors from
      spontaneously proliferating and mitogen-activated lymphoid cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic extracts, prepared from continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid
      cells, as well as mitogen-activated normal lymphocytes, contain an extractable
      factor capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated quiescent nuclei. This
      factor is not detectable in resting cells. It is nondialyzable, precipitable by
      30-50% saturated ammonium sulfate, and inactivated by trypsin. It is heat
      sensitive, but stable to cold and lyophilization. The molecular weight of the
      factor is greater than 100,000. This cytoplasmic activator of nuclear DNA
      replication is not released from the cell, and has no effect on intact cells.
      This suggests that it serves as an intracellular mitogenic signal in replicating
      cells.

PMID- 6831567
TI  - Lymphokine and phorbol (PMA) regulation of complement (C2) synthesis using U937.
AB  - Human monocytes synthesize large amounts of the second complement component (C2)
      after incubation with a T-lymphocyte product called monocyte complement
      stimulator (MCS). The human monocyte-like cell line, U937, also synthesizes C2
      and can be stimulated to increase this synthesis by lymphokine-rich culture
      supernates. Additionally, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an agent which induces
      maturational changes in other macrophage-like cell lines, also stimulates C2
      synthesis by U937 cells. Lymphokine and PMA stimulation of C2 secretion by U937
      are both reversibly inhibitable by cycloheximide. At optimal concentrations for
      stimulation of C2 synthesis, PMA inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation by U937
      indicating that increased C2 is not due to increased numbers of U937 cells.

PMID- 6831568
TI  - Aging of the erythrocyte. XXI. Erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulin G in diabetes.

PMID- 6831566
TI  - Evidence for granulocyte-mediated macrophage activation after C. parvum
      immunization.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that at the peak of the peritoneal response
      to Corynebacterium parvum (Day 4), cytolytic macrophages can be characterized by
      the presence of intracellular bacteria. In the present study, the role of
      neutrophils in the activation of peritoneal macrophages by C. parvum was
      investigated. Inflammatory neutrophils isolated 5 hr after ip administration of
      C. parvum were transferred to normal, syngeneic mice and the peritoneal
      macrophages of recipients harvested 4 days later were tested for cytoxicity
      against HeLa cells. Neutrophils isolated from mice 5 hr after C. parvum
      immunization were effective in inducing cytolytic macrophages. Less than 100-fold
      as much bacteria was needed to induce comparable levels of cytotoxic activity
      when introduced inside granulocytes. Neutrophils obtained from mice 48 hr after
      C. parvum injection or mononuclear cells were not good macrophage activators.
      Viable neutrophils were not required as freeze-thawed cells were able to activate
      macrophages in recipient mice. The intracellular distribution of C. parvum
      changed dramatically with time. Initially almost all bacteria were found within
      neutrophils. By 24 hr, many macrophages contained either bacteria or granulocytes
      which had ingested C. parvum. Pyridine extracts of C. parvum, which do not
      activate peritoneal macrophages when injected directly into mice, did not induce
      neutrophils capable of activating macrophages. The residue of pyridine-extracted
      C. parvum did induce neutrophils that could activate macrophages when
      transferred. The results suggest that processing of the bacteria by inflammatory
      granulocytes may be an obligatory step in macrophage activation by this agent.
      The peak response occurred earlier than T-cell immunity is usually observed and
      it is suggested that direct activation of macrophages via ingestion of
      neutrophils may represent the earliest stage of macrophage activation by C.
      parvum.

PMID- 6831569
TI  - Histoenzymatic alterations in kidney catalase activity following hormonal
      treatment of Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment decreases hamster kidney catalase activity and
      at the same time induces renal adenocarcinomas. Subsequent progesterone treatment
      reverses the tumorigenic effect of DES and restores catalytic activity. Our
      results suggest that the reduction in catalase activity with estrogen treatment
      may be related to the process of carcinogenicity.

PMID- 6831570
TI  - Aging dependent nucleolar and chromatin changes in cultivated fibroblasts.
AB  - Adult fibroblasts have already at low population doubling level (PDL) a
      significant percentage of cells with modified chromatin as compared to embryonic
      cells where altered chromatin is seen only at high PDL. In fibroblast populations
      from a patient with Werner's syndrome, the percentage of cells with both altered
      chromatin and nucleoli was much higher than in the control cultures from normal
      donors. The data show for the first time nucleoprotein changes in cells from
      donors with an aging syndrome and reinforce the concept that serial replication
      of fibroblasts in vitro causes lesions identical to those of aging in vivo.

PMID- 6831571
TI  - [Changes in the dimensions of the osseous pelvis in active sportswomen. IV].

PMID- 6831572
TI  - [Anatomy of the chorion].

PMID- 6831573
TI  - [Clinical significance of the determination of the plasma concentration of
      progesterone in threatened abortions during the first half of pregnancy].

PMID- 6831574
TI  - [Shock in pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 6831578
TI  - [Categories of newborn infants with low birth weight: incidence and mutual
      relationships].

PMID- 6831575
TI  - [The importance of early therapy of colpitis in the prevention of postoperative
      and puerperal inflammatory conditions].

PMID- 6831579
TI  - [Facial nerve paralysis in pregnancy].

PMID- 6831577
TI  - [Immunology of female sterility - detection of antispermatozoal antibodies in the
      serum of sterile women using the microagglutination test].

PMID- 6831580
TI  - [Ferritin].

PMID- 6831582
TI  - [Methodologic problems of general mechanisms in the evolution of disease].

PMID- 6831576
TI  - [Initial experience with the practical use of acupuncture in gynecology and
      obstetrics in our department].

PMID- 6831581
TI  - [Physiology and pathology of human reproduction. A selection of reports presented
      at the national conference of the Czechoslovak Society of Gynecology and
      Obstetrics in Karlovy Vary on 23 to 26 June 1980].

PMID- 6831585
TI  - [Functional morphology of Ranvier's nodes in peripheral myelinized nerve fibers].

PMID- 6831584
TI  - [Asymmetry in the blood supply of the upper extremities of the human embryo as a
      possible cause of cerebral hemispheric dominance].

PMID- 6831583
TI  - [Factors increasing the size of ischemic myocardial injury and their relation to
      calcium balance].

PMID- 6831586
TI  - [Abstracts from the seminar "Hybridoma - methodological aspects and potential
      applications." Hruba Sak Skala, April 1982].

PMID- 6831588
TI  - [Blindness throughout the world--an increase in its incidence and main causes].

PMID- 6831587
TI  - [Permeating and non-permeating ions, electrogenic pumps, cell volume and resting
      membrane potentials].

PMID- 6831589
TI  - [Enzyme activity in the human cornea in relation to autolysis].

PMID- 6831590
TI  - [Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula as a cause of unilateral exophthalmos].

PMID- 6831592
TI  - [Pterygium as a microsurgical operation. Preliminary report].

PMID- 6831591
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapeutic results of secondary cataract in children].

PMID- 6831593
TI  - [Ultrasonic biometry of extracted human lenses].

PMID- 6831594
TI  - [Localization of intraocular foreign bodies using ultrasound A visualization].

PMID- 6831595
TI  - [Cryotherapy in ophthalmology].

PMID- 6831597
TI  - [Osmolality of cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 6831596
TI  - [Maculopathy with optic disk pits].

PMID- 6831598
TI  - [Correlation of echoencephalography with computer tomography in expansive brain
      lesions].

PMID- 6831599
TI  - [Electrophysiological analysis of subclinical disorders of muscle tonus in
      arteriosclerosis and hypertension].

PMID- 6831600
TI  - [Toxic-infectious encephalopathy. Electroclinical correlations].

PMID- 6831601
TI  - [Possibilities of computer tomography in disseminated sclerosis].

PMID- 6831602
TI  - [Subacute cerebellar atrophy in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 6831603
TI  - [Mathematical modeling of the course of disseminated cerebrospinal sclerosis
      using principles of Thom's theory].

PMID- 6831604
TI  - [Digoxin serum concentration and disorders of heart rhythm in newborn infants].

PMID- 6831605
TI  - [Personal experience with heart catheterization in children].

PMID- 6831606
TI  - [Breastfeeding in northeastern Slovakia over the past 25 years].

PMID- 6831607
TI  - [Indications and possibilities of the surgical treatment of congenital heart
      defects with cyanosis].

PMID- 6831608
TI  - [Echocardiographic findings and functional analysis of the left ventricle in
      children with endocardial fibroelastosis].

PMID- 6831609
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis in children].

PMID- 6831610
TI  - [Possibilities of screening for urinary tract infections using Nitriphan].

PMID- 6831611
TI  - [Amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in children].

PMID- 6831612
TI  - [Changes in the nucleoli of lymphocytes in chronic juvenile arthritis].

PMID- 6831613
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in arthralgia in children].

PMID- 6831615
TI  - [Contribution to the problem of the immotile cilia syndrome].

PMID- 6831616
TI  - [Results of the Socialist Health Services in Czechoslovakia at the end of the 6th
      5-year plan].

PMID- 6831614
TI  - [Diagnosis of complete anomaly of pulmonary drainage].

PMID- 6831617
TI  - [Disease in infancy as the basis for long-term differences in the development of
      diseases up to prepuberty].

PMID- 6831618
TI  - [Mortality rate in malignant tumors].

PMID- 6831619
TI  - [Pharmacies as an object for standardization].

PMID- 6831620
TI  - [Chronic disease and changes in the quality of life].

PMID- 6831621
TI  - [Health problems in the Cambodian province of Campot].

PMID- 6831623
TI  - [Comments on problems of the Economic-Technical Unit and Health Administration at
      the Institute of National Health].

PMID- 6831622
TI  - [The winning project for experimental hospitals among CMEA (Council of Mutual
      Economic Aid) countries is from Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 6831627
TI  - Recurrent medulloblastoma. Lack of response to high-dose methotrexate.

PMID- 6831626
TI  - Antitumor activity of homo-aza-steroidal esters of [p-[bis(2
      chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid and [p-[bis(2
      chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid.
AB  - Three new modified steroidal alkylating agents, 3 beta-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino
      13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam-p-bis(2
      chloroethyl)aminophenylacetate, 3 beta-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5 alpha
      androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam-p-bis-(2-chloroethyl)aminophenylbutyrate, and 17
      beta-hydroxy-3-aza-A-homo-4 alpha-androsten-4-one-p-N,N-bis(2
      chloroethyl)aminophenylacetate are active in treatment of L1210 and P388
      leukemias. A stereoisomer of the first compound, 3 alpha-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino
      13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17-oic-13, 17-lactam-p-bis(2
      chloroethyl)aminophenylacetate, was tested in L1210 leukemia. This stereoisomer,
      in which the alkylating agent is linked to the modified steroid in the axial
      position, is active only as much higher doses in L1210 leukemia. The results of
      testing these compounds and previous results from similar compounds allow certain
      conclusions to be drawn regarding structure-activity relationships. The presence
      of the lactam moiety is the major structural feature that confers activity in the
      murine leukemias. The steric arrangement of the alkylating moiety at position 3
      and the hydrogen atom at position 5 influence toxicity and antileukemic activity.

PMID- 6831624
TI  - Early-phase pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
      Dose-dependent and time-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters.
AB  - The early-phase (20 min) pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin was studied in 18
      patients suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and receiving various schedules
      and/or dosages of the drug. This pharmacokinetics was time-dependent in most
      patients over a 2-week interval: repeating similar doses in patients leads to a
      decrease of the drug exposure due to a decrease of the half-life and/or to a
      decrease of the extrapolation to 0 time (intercept parameter). The
      pharmacokinetics was generally time-independent within a 6-h interval in most
      patients. During this time interval, the kinetics was not linear: increasing the
      dose by large proportions does not lead to a proportional increase of drug
      exposure. This time- and dose-dependence of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics makes it
      very difficult to monitor the treatments according to the individual
      pharmacokinetic patterns of patients.

PMID- 6831628
TI  - Re: The relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase and vincristine
      neuropathy.

PMID- 6831625
TI  - Time dependency of adriamycin and adriamycinol kinetics.
AB  - Adriamycin was administered by IV injection to seven patients with various solid
      tumors at a dose of 30 mg/m2 during successive courses. Extraction was carried
      out by the SEP-PAK method for plasma and by solvents for urine. Plasma and
      urinary levels of adriamycin and adriamycinol were determined by high-performance
      liquid chromatography over 72-h period after injection. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters for adriamycin and adriamycinol were calculated for each course of
      treatment. The results show significant inter- and intra-individual variations in
      the kinetics and elimination of both compounds. The analysis of pharmacokinetic
      data reveals a wide variability in the fluctuations observed during the
      successive courses in different patients. This study confirms the time-dependency
      of ADR kinetics.

PMID- 6831629
TI  - Increased uptake of actinomycin D in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells induced by
      daunorubicin.
AB  - The influence of anthracyclines on the uptake of actinomycin D in Ehrlich ascites
      tumour cells was studied in vitro. The anthracycline daunorubicin significantly
      increased the [3H]actinomycin D uptake both in whole tumour cells and in isolated
      nuclei of tumour cells. On the other hand, actinomycin D increased daunorubicin
      uptake only to a very small degree. Experiments with other intercalating drugs
      did not influence [3H]actinomycin D binding, suggesting a specific interaction
      between actinomycin D and the anthracyclines. The mechanism behind this
      interference is discussed. The increased cellular uptake of actinomycin D in the
      presence of daunorubicin may have implications for antineoplastic combination
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 6831630
TI  - Synthesis, biological and biochemical properties of new anthracyclines modified
      in the aminosugar moiety.
AB  - New 4'-C-methyl analogues of daunorubicin, synthesized by the coupling reaction
      of daunomycinone with 1-chloroderivatives of protected 4-C-methyldaunosamine
      analogues, were chemically transformed to the corresponding doxorubicin
      analogues. Their cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells, ability to bind to DNA, and
      in vivo toxicity and antitumor activity were compared with those of daunorubicin,
      doxorubicin, and their 4'-O-methyl analogues. The cytotoxic effect of the new
      anthracyclines could be correlated with their ability to bind to DNA and with
      their toxicity in experimental animals; however, the antitumor effectiveness did
      not seem to be related to these parameters. In general all the compounds retained
      a remarkable antitumor activity at their optimal doses. The most active compound
      against P388 leukemia was 4'-O-methyldoxorubicin, which was also more active than
      doxorubicin against L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 6831631
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for methotrexate using hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogel.
AB  - A sensitive, rapid method for the measurement of methotrexate in biologic fluids
      has been developed using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      Hydroxyethylmethacrylate monomer was polymerized in the presence of rabbit
      antimethotrexate antisera and the resultant gels lyophilized, ground to a fine
      powder, and aliquoted into 3-ml syringes fitted with a fritted filter disc.
      Control gels without incorporated antibodies did not bind radiolabeled
      methotrexate, whereas a dose-response curve expressing percent bound methotrexate
      against antiserum concentration could be readily constructed for appropriate
      gels. Drug concentrations of less than 1 ng/ml can be measured. The fate of a
      bolus IV injection of methotrexate (100 mg) into an adult female baboon was
      evaluated by the HEMA-RIA system and compared with a previously published enzyme
      assay for the drug. These studies describe a stable and efficient system for
      rapid separation of bound antigen by simple filtration.

PMID- 6831633
TI  - The role of suppression of DNA synthesis and inhibition of cell cycle progression
      in cellular sensitivity to alkylation damage.
AB  - A u.v. sensitive Chinese hamster cell line V79/79 has been shown to be also more
      sensitive to methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and nitrogen mustard (HN2) exposure
      than wild-type V79 cells. A comparison of the effects of the two alkylating
      agents on DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine (TdR) incorporation into whole
      cells and by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation 14C-labelled template and of
      pulse labelled DNA revealed no significant differences between the responses of
      the two cell lines. The effects of a range of doses of both drugs on the rate of
      progress through the cell cycle was compared using cytofluorimetry. The more
      sensitive V79/79 cells failed to show a significant delay in progress through the
      cell cycle even at the highest doses tested (0.2 microM HN2 and 2.0 mM MMS). In
      contrast, V79 cells showed a marked S phase delay in response to both HN2 and MMS
      exposure. The possible relationships between failure to delay cell cycle
      progression, and cellular sensitivity are discussed.

PMID- 6831632
TI  - Differential responses of nascent DNA synthesis and chain elongation in V79 and
      V79/79 cells exposed to u.v. light and chemical mutagens.
AB  - DNA repair after u.v., N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and ethylmethane sulphonate
      (EMS) in Chinese hamster V79 cells and the mutagen sensitive derivative V79/79
      was investigated by measurement of five parameters: production of strand breaks
      in template DNA, incorporation of [3H]TdR, semi-conservative and repair
      synthesis, molecular weights of pulse labelled DNA after mutagen exposure
      (nascent synthesis) and molecular weights of DNA pulse labelled and chased after
      mutagen exposure (elongation and ligation). Equal template strand breakage was
      evident in both cell lines immediately after MNU and EMS exposure and by 4-5 h
      after MNU the extent of fragmentation was greater in V79/79 cells. After u.v.
      irradiation template fragmentation was evident in V79/79 but not in V79 cells,
      even though V79/79 cells failed to excise cyclobutane dimers and repair synthesis
      was demonstrable in V79 cells but not in V79/79 cells after exposure to all three
      mutagens. The rate of incorporation of [3H]TdR during semi-conservative DNA
      synthesis was inhibited equally in a dose dependent manner after u.v. and MNU
      exposure; incorporation by V79/79 cells was inhibited to a greater extent than by
      V79 cells after EMS exposure. Nascent DNA synthesis was suppressed more in V79/79
      cells than in V79 cells after u.v. but to similar extents in both cell lines
      after MNU and EMS treatment. Pulse chase experiments indicated a lower rate of
      elongation of nascent DNA in V79/79 cells after MNU and u.v. exposure but little
      difference was detectable after EMS.

PMID- 6831636
TI  - Safe disposal of carcinogenic nitrosamines.
AB  - A simple one-step procedure for chemically degrading nitrosamine residues
      generated in the research laboratory is described. Treatment with aluminum-nickel
      alloy powder and aqueous alkali rapidly reduced all 11 nitrosamines studied to
      the corresponding amines. Hydrazines were produced as transitory intermediates,
      but these potential carcinogens were also easily reduced under the conditions
      employed, and no products except amines, ammonia, and, in some cases, alcohols
      were detected in the final reaction mixtures. Reduction proceeded smoothly in
      every other solvent system tested, except that reactions in acetone or
      dichloromethane solution were sometimes slow, incomplete, and/or led to
      unidentified products; therefore, we cannot recommend the procedure for use in
      these solvents. Otherwise, the method was efficient, reliable, and inexpensive
      and has been recommended as one of the preferred means of degrading potentially
      carcinogenic nitrosamines to innocuous products. Details of its application to
      some decontamination and disposal problems commonly encountered in the research
      laboratory are provided. Data illustrating this procedure's advantages over six
      other reducing systems are also presented.

PMID- 6831634
TI  - Carcinogenicity of nickel(II)hydroxides and nickel(II)sulfate in Wistar rats and
      its relation to the in vitro dissolution rates.
AB  - During a two year experiment, local sarcomas developed in 5 of 20 rats injected
      intramuscularly (i.m.) with 120 mumol of nickel(II)hydroxide air-dried gel (DRY),
      in 3 of 20 rats similarly injected with 120 mumol of crystalline industrial
      nickel(II)hydroxide (CRST) and in 16 of 20 rats injected i.m. with 40 mumol of
      nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2). I.m. injections of 120 mumol of freshly precipitated
      colloidal nickel(II)hydroxide (COL) did not produce tumors. No tumors were found
      in animals which had been injected i.m. with 15 doses of 4.4 mumol of
      nickel(II)sulfate (NiSO4) (total dose equalled 66 mumol/rat) or sodium sulfate
      (Na2SO4; controls). Statistical analysis ranked the tumor yields as follows:
      Ni3S2 greater than CRST = DRY greater than COL = NiSO4. The in vitro
      solubilization rates of the hydroxides and nickel subsulfide in human blood
      serum, artificial lung fluid and ammonium acetate buffer, pH 7.4, were found to
      increase in the following order: Ni3S2 less than CRST less than DRY less than
      COL. Hence, an inverse relation may exist between the tumor yield and rate of
      solubilization of the compounds tested.

PMID- 6831635
TI  - Tumor promoting activity of 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-anthrone (chrysarobin) in
      female SENCAR mice.
AB  - Purified 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-anthrone or chrysarobin was found to be an
      effective skin tumor-promoter in SENCAR mice, although, at the dose used, it was
      approximately 43-fold less active than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA). When non-promoting doses of chrysarobin were applied 30 min prior to each
      application of TPA, a marked potentiation in the promoting response to TPA was
      observed. Chrysarobin will provide a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of
      action of anthracene-derived mouse skin tumor promoters.

PMID- 6831638
TI  - Tobacco as a risk factor in bladder cancer.
AB  - A case-control study concerning smoking habits has been performed to determine
      risk factors for bladder cancer. The population attributable risk (AP) for
      cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, chewing tobacco and pipe yielded a statistical
      explanation of 33%, 23%, 9% and 17%, respectively. A logistic regression analysis
      revealed cigarette smoking as the most pronounced determinant with an independent
      effect beyond the other smoking variables corresponding to a relative risk (RR)
      of 2.15. The life-time consumption of all kinds of tobacco showed a positive dose
      response relationship to risk for bladder cancer.

PMID- 6831637
TI  - Keratinocyte cell-mediated mutagenesis assay: correlation with in vivo tumor
      studies.
AB  - A murine keratinocyte cell-mediated mutagenesis assay was characterized and
      examined as an in vitro model system for studying the biotransformation of
      promutagens/procarcinogens by mouse skin. The assay used living cultured newborn
      SENCAR keratinocytes for the metabolic activation of promutagens and Chinese
      hamster lung V-79 fibroblasts for detection of resulting mutagens. Mutations at,
      or affecting, the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus were
      scored by resistance to 6-thioguanine. The relative mutagenicities of several
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the cell-mediated assay correlated
      with the in vivo skin tumorigenicity of the PAHs determined in a two-stage
      carcinogenesis protocol. Metabolic activation of the promutagenic PAHs to
      ultimate mutagens was dependent upon the presence of the cultured keratinocyte
      feeder layer. 7,8-Benzoflavone, a potent inhibitor of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-dependent initiation in mouse skin, inhibited
      DMBA-dependent mutagenesis in the cell-mediated assay in a concentration
      responsive manner. The non-PAH promutagens, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and
      sterigmatocystin (STC) were both activated by cultured keratinocytes to cytotoxic
      derivatives. DMN was neither mutagenic in the cell-mediated assay nor tumorigenic
      in mouse skin when tested in a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. STC was weakly
      mutagenic and tumorigenic in mouse skin.

PMID- 6831641
TI  - Hepatic oxygen supply during early and late sepsis in the rat.
AB  - Hepatic oxygen supply and related parameters were evaluated during early (8-10 h)
      and late (18-26 h) stages of lethal septic peritonitis induced in rats by cecal
      ligation and puncture. In the early phase, hepatic pO2 was reduced significantly
      (mean 9.3 versus 22.2 mmHg in sham-operated controls). This was accompanied by
      elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic
      transaminase (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.10, respectively), and increased
      hematocrit (p less than 0.001). Total body oxygen consumption was decreased by
      19% (p less than 0.001). By the late stage of sepsis, hepatic oxygen supply was
      depressed profoundly (mean 2.0 versus 24.5 mmHg in controls) concomitant with
      further elevations of serum transaminases. Lactacidemia, respiratory alkalosis,
      and tachycardia were also present. Hypoxemia and hypotension were not observed
      during either early or late stages. Our results may be interpreted as
      representing early and progressive impairment of hepatic oxygen delivery in rats
      subjected to cecal ligation and puncture.

PMID- 6831640
TI  - Hepatic and plasma lysosomal enzyme activity in shock-like state following
      administration of polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Candida albicans.
AB  - Polysaccharide-protein complex (PPC) derived from the cell walls of Candida
      albicans exerts several pathophysiological effects in laboratory animals similar
      to the symptoms of shock found at acute disseminated candidiasis. The present
      study evaluated the presumed fragility of hepatic lysosomes in rats in shock-like
      state following a single dose of PPC (25 mg/kg) administered intravenously, in
      terms of temporal changes in lysosomal enzymatic activity (cathepsin D, N
      acetylglucosaminidase) in four sedimentable fractions and supernatant of liver
      homogenate after differential centrifugation, as well as in plasma. A reduction
      of sedimentable lysosomal activity (13,000 X g) was observed during the first
      hours (3-5 h) after administration of PPC with both lysosomal hydrolases,
      accompanied by a concomitant increase in the unsedimentable activity that
      represented the enzymatic activity released from disrupted lysosomes. Plasma
      levels of cathepsin D and N-acetylgucosaminidase had the same pattern of changes,
      reaching the maximum level 2-3 h after administration of PPC with a tendency of
      returning to the control levels by 12 h. Thus PPC from Candida albicans appears
      to have similar effects upon integrity of hepatic lysosomes as bacterial
      endotoxins have by labilizing the lysosomal membrane.

PMID- 6831642
TI  - Liver and skeletal muscle metabolism, extracellular K+ concentrations, and
      survival in spontaneously hypertensive rats following acute blood loss.
AB  - The metabolic responses of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to acute blood loss (30% of the calculated blood volume)
      have been studied. The initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 179 mmHg in SHR
      and 105 mmHg in WKY. After bleeding, MAP decreased to about 50 mmHg in both
      groups. SHR failed to increase MAP in the posthemorrhagic period, while in WKY a
      level of 65-70 mmHg was reached. Metabolic changes in liver and skeletal muscle,
      indicative of tissue hypoxia, occurred earlier and were more pronounced in SHR
      than in WKY. In SHR, the ATP content of the liver was almost depleted within 1 h,
      while during the same time period only a moderate reduction was seen in WKY.
      Extracellular K+ concentration in sketetal muscle increased more rapidly in SHR
      than in WKY, but a similar relationship between lactate content and extracellular
      K+ concentration was found in both groups. The mean posthemorrhagic survival time
      was only 47 min for SHR, as compared to 193 min for WKY. The present results
      indicate that a blood loss is more detrimental for hypertensive than normotensive
      rats.

PMID- 6831639
TI  - Nitration of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      results in products able to induce transformation of Syrian hamster cells.
AB  - Five nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthesized from benzo[a]pyrene,
      fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene induced dose-dependent transformation of
      Syrian hamster embryo cells. Benzo[a]pyrene, a known carcinogen, induced
      transformation while the other parental compounds, which are non-carcinogens,
      were not effective. The transforming potential of the nitro derivatives varied
      from compound to compound; on a molar basis, 1,8-dinitropyrene was the most
      effective nitrated hydrocarbon followed in order by 3-nitrofluoranthene, 1
      nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. The ability to obtain
      dose-dependent transformation frequencies indicates that hamster cell
      transformation represents a responsive model for elucidating the mechanism of
      action of nitrated carcinogens. Because of their ubiquitous distribution and
      their ability to induce morphological transformation in mammalian cells, nitrated
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons must be considered as potential carcinogens.

PMID- 6831643
TI  - Calcium channel-blocking drugs: a novel intervention for the treatment of cardiac
      disease. Proceedings of the Symposium on Calcium Blocking Agents. July 25-26,
      1981, Tokyo, Japan.

PMID- 6831644
TI  - Calcium channel-blocking drugs: a novel intervention for the treatment of cardiac
      disease. Introduction.

PMID- 6831646
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on experimental myocardial ischemia and on left ventricular
      performance.
AB  - To assess the influence of diltiazem on perfusion and function of the ischemic
      myocardium, 22 conscious chronically instrumented dogs were studied during a 4
      hour coronary artery occlusion. Eleven dogs received diltiazem, 20 micrograms/kg
      per min, for 15 minutes beginning 5 minutes after coronary occlusion, followed by
      10 micrograms/kg per min for 4 hours; 11 control dogs received saline. Heart rate
      was derived from lead 2 of the electrocardiogram; left ventricular pressures and
      max dp/dt were measured from a high fidelity pressure micromanometer; regional
      systolic shortening expressed as percent of end-diastolic length (% delta L) was
      calculated from multiple pairs of ultrasonic crystals implanted subendocardially;
      regional coronary blood flow was measured with 15 microns microspheres. The
      product of heart rate X peak left ventricular systolic pressure was significantly
      decreased after 90 minutes of infusion of diltiazem. In the diltiazem-treated
      group, % delta L of the nonischemic segments was significantly decreased after
      120 minutes of treatment. There was no significant recovery of function of the
      dyskinetic segments in either group. The hypokinetic segments recovered
      significantly after 120 minutes in the diltiazem-treated group. There was no
      improvement of function in the hypokinetic segments of the control group.
      Myocardial blood flow was significantly increased by diltiazem in the hypokinetic
      segments with an increase in the endocardium:epicardium ratio. We conclude that
      diltiazem, early after coronary occlusion, improves the function of ischemic
      segments that are not dyskinetic. The mechanisms involved are an increase of
      collateral blood flow with a redistribution to the subendocardium and a decrease
      of myocardial oxygen consumption.

PMID- 6831645
TI  - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by diltiazem. Comparison with verapamil and
      nifedipine and inhibitory potencies of diltiazem metabolites.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of three calcium blockers, diltiazem (d-form), verapamil,
      and nifedipine, on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation of human and
      rabbit platelets were compared. The potency of diltiazem was greater than those
      of verapamil and nifedipine in human platelet-rich plasma. A similar order of the
      inhibitory potencies was observed in rabbit platelet-rich plasma, but this order
      was reversed when washed platelets were aggregated in buffered saline.
      Antiaggregatory potencies of metabolites on diltiazem and their optical isomers
      were examined in human platelet-rich plasma. All the metabolites except deacetyl
      N-demethyl diltiazem showed greater activity than diltiazem in ADP- or collagen
      induced platelet aggregation. The potencies of the l-isomers of the deacetyl-N
      demethyl metabolites were greater than those of the d-isomers. On the other hand,
      the inhibitory effect of the d-isomer of deacetyl-O-demethyl diltiazem was
      greater than that of the l-form at lower concentrations, whereas the relationship
      was opposite at higher concentrations. There was no marked difference in
      antiaggregatory potency between the d- and l-forms of diltiazem and N-demethyl
      diltiazem.

PMID- 6831648
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on recurrent spontaneous angina after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - This study examined the effects of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on
      suppressing spontaneous angina following acute myocardial infarction. Twelve
      patients developed rest angina within a few days after the onset of acute
      myocardial infarction, which was associated with transient S-T segment elevation.
      A 24-hour recording of electrocardiogram revealed cyclic S-T segment elevation
      with or without chest pain in all patients. A selective coronary arteriography
      was performed in seven patients which demonstrated no critical stenosis, despite
      acute myocardial infarction, in three patients. In one of these three patients,
      coronary artery spasm was induced by ergonovine in the vessel supplying the
      acutely infarcted area. These clinical features suggested that spontaneous angina
      in these patients probably was caused by spasm of the coronary artery. Diltiazem
      suppressed rest angina as well as painless cyclic S-T segment elevation
      completely in all 12 patients. The replacement of diltiazem with placebo in two
      patients caused the recurrence of rest angina. Thus, we conclude that diltiazem
      is effective in the treatment of postinfarction angina caused by coronary artery
      spasm.

PMID- 6831647
TI  - Protection of infarcting myocardium by slow channel inhibitors. Comparative
      effects of verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem in the coronary-ligated, isolated
      working rat heart.

PMID- 6831650
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of diltiazem in hypertension.
AB  - Cardiac hemodynamics, diameter, blood flow velocity, and volumic flow of the
      brachial artery were studied before and after diltiazem administration in 11
      patients with sustained essential hypertension. The study was compared with the
      hemodynamic effects of dihydralazine. The caliber of the brachial artery was
      evaluated with a pulsed Doppler velocimeter enabling the determination of the
      angle between the ultrasound beam and the vessel axis with a precision of 2%.
      After bolus administration of diltiazem, blood pressure and total peripheral
      resistance significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) while cardiac index and
      heart rate significantly increased (P less than 0.01). After 25 minutes of
      perfusion, cardiac output and heart rate returned toward control values, while
      blood pressure and total peripheral resistance remained decreased. The results
      contrasted with those observed after dihydralazine, which induced a sustained
      increase in cardiac index and heart rate. The caliber of the brachial artery
      decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) after dihydralazine and increased
      significantly after diltiazem (P less than 0.01). The study provided evidence
      that the antihypertensive effect of diltiazem  was due to a fall in total
      peripheral resistance, associated with a transient baroreflex mediated
      tachycardia, and that--in addition to their effects on small arteries-
      vasodilating drugs may either increase (diltiazem) or decrease (dihydralazine)
      the caliber of peripheral large arteries.

PMID- 6831649
TI  - The comparative effects of diltiazem and verapamil on atrioventricular conduction
      and atrioventricular reentry tachycardia.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of diltiazem (0.25 mg/kg), administered by
      intravenous bolus, have been assessed during intracardiac investigation in 10
      patients. Effects on both sinus node and atrioventricular nodal function were
      measured, as was the influence on reentry atrioventricular tachycardia. There was
      a tendency for the sinus rate to increase after both diltiazem and verapamil,
      although with neither drug was this uniform. There was, however, a consistent
      depression of atrioventricular nodal function with diltiazem which was similar in
      magnitude to the changes seen after verapamil. With neither drug was there an
      alteration in His-Purkinje conduction. The drugs had similar effects when given
      during reentry tachycardia. In six of eight patients, termination occurred,
      whereas, in the others, both drugs slowed the arrhythmia but failed to terminate
      it. Diltiazem shows a range of electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic properties
      similar to those of verapamil. These make it potentially useful for both the
      acute and chronic treatment of arrhythmias where depression of atrioventricular
      nodal function is desired.

PMID- 6831651
TI  - Role of calcium antagonists in the treatment of essential hypertension.
AB  - The calcium antagonists, diltiazem and nifedipine, are effective in mild-to
      moderate chronic essential hypertension. The overall responder rate is 80%.
      Diastolic blood pressure is lowered by 10-15% at rest and during exercise.
      Systolic blood pressure is reduced only at rest. Heart rate may be unchanged by
      nifedipine and lowered by diltiazem. Both drugs lead to a decrease of peripheral
      resistance by 15-20% at rest and 30% during work. As a consequence of afterload
      reduction, cardiac output, stroke index, and stroke work index increased by 17,
      21, and 7% with nifedipine and 34, 26, and 20% with diltiazem. During exercise,
      these changes are even more pronounced. However, pulmonary artery pressure and
      pulmonary vascular resistance are reduced only by nifedipine, not by diltiazem.
      Presumably due to this combined preload and afterload reduction, nifedipine
      therapy is associated with a reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system
      in all cases, with an increase in norepinephrine plasma concentration and,
      sometimes, tachycardia. Diltiazem, however, has the advantage of being a potent
      blood pressure-lowering agent, with afterload reduction and increased stroke
      index, with less pronounced catecholamine increase, and without tachycardia. Side
      effects with this drug are rare, and long-term therapy is well tolerated.

PMID- 6831653
TI  - Influence of Ca++-channel blocking agents on calcium transients and tension
      development in isolated mammalian heart muscle.
AB  - The Ca++-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin was used to detect cytoplasmic
      Ca++ transients in dog Purkinje strands and cat papillary muscles. Isometric
      tension development was recorded in both preparations, and transmembrane
      potential was monitored in the Purkinje strands. Voltage-clamp studies were
      carried out on some of the Purkinje strands. The aequorin signal of the Purkinje
      strand normally consists of two readily discernible components, which we have
      provisionally attributed to the entry of Ca++ through the surface membrane, and
      to the release of Ca++ from intracellular stores. D600 and verapamil reduced or
      eliminated both of these components, as they did the net inward current in fibers
      depolarized from a holding potential of -45 mV. In cat papillary muscles D600,
      verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, and perhexiline all had qualitatively similar
      effects on the aequorin signals and contractions. The effects of these agents
      differed from those of reduced [Ca++] in two important respects: the relation
      between light intensity and tension development was altered, and the mechanical
      contraction was abbreviated by the Ca++ channel blockers. These changes persist
      when the depressant effects of the Ca++ channel blockers are offset by elevations
      of [Ca++]o; they probably reflect a reduction in the Ca++ sensitivity of the
      myofilaments.

PMID- 6831652
TI  - Chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator actions of diltiazem, nifedipine, and
      verapamil. A comparative study of physiological responses and membrane receptor
      activity.
AB  - The three major, chemically distinct calcium channel-blocking drugs, diltiazem,
      nifedipine, and verapamil, produce coronary vasodilation in the conscious dog.
      Coronary vascular resistance was reduced by 50% with an intravenous dose of 3
      micrograms/kg nifedipine, 30 micrograms/kg verapamil, and 100 micrograms/kg
      diltiazem. In conscious dogs, nifedipine and verapamil increased heart rate,
      whereas diltiazem produced a smaller increase in heart rate. The rate of left
      ventricular pressure development in conscious dogs was unaffected by diltiazem,
      increased by nifedipine, and decreased by verapamil. Tachycardia was reversed to
      bradycardia and consistent negative inotropic effects were demonstrated by all
      three drugs only after combined autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol
      in conscious dogs. In isolated dog coronary artery strips contracted ex vivo with
      50 mM potassium chloride, the ID50 for relaxation was 0.01 microM for nifedipine,
      0.02 microM for verapamil, and 0.30 microM for diltiazem. In isolated ex vivo
      hearts, all agents produced dose-dependent negative chronotropy with a 25%
      reduction in spontaneous heart rate achieved by 0.09 microM nifedipine, 0.20
      microM verapamil, and 0.40 microM diltiazem. Similarly, the rate of force
      development in isolated myocardial strips was 50% depressed by nifedipine, 0.03
      microM; verapamil, 0.10 microM; and diltiazem, 0.40 microM. On a membrane level,
      nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem interacted with a putative receptor or site
      associated with a calcium channel specifically labelled with [3H]nimodipine. The
      specific binding to cardiac sarcolemma was competitively inhibited by nifedipine,
      only partly inhibited by verapamil, and was stimulated by diltiazem. The effects
      of verapamil and diltiazem, but not the effect of nifedipine, occurred at
      pharmacologically active concentrations. Considerable nonspecific binding of
      dihydropyridines to sarcolemma may account, at least in part, for discrepancies
      between their dissociation constants on purified sarcolemma and their ED50 in
      pharmacological effects. Diltiazem and verapamil (1 microM) did not alter
      [3H]nimodipine nonspecific binding. These results strongly suggest that calcium
      channel-blocking drugs may have different sites of action.

PMID- 6831654
TI  - Specificity of action of Ca++ entry blockers. A comparison of their actions in
      rat arteries and in human coronary arteries.
AB  - Among the large number of compounds which inhibit the contraction evoked by
      calcium in depolarized smooth muscle, calcium entry blockers are those that
      specifically block calcium entry during muscle activation. They affect neither
      Ca++ efflux nor intracellular Ca++ release. A comparative study of the
      diphenylpiperazines, cinnarizine and flunarizine, with the dihydropyridine,
      nifedipine, allows conclusions to be drawn as to their specificity of action. We
      have also examined the action of calcium entry blockers, considering tissue and
      stimulus selectivity. The inhibition of smooth muscle contraction can be
      quantitatively related to blockade of Ca++ influx. In rat aorta and mesenteric
      arteries, the potency of Ca++ entry blockers depends on the stimulus in the
      following order of sensitivity: K depolarization greater norepinephrine greater
      than PGF2 alpha. As far as flunarizine, but not nifedipine, is concerned, the
      activity is higher in mesenteric arteries than in aorta. This raises the
      possibility that calcium channels have receptor and organ specificity, a
      hypothesis which is supported by the observation that the order of potency of
      several calcium entry blockers is different in various vessels including human
      coronary arteries, and that the action of the blockers increases with the age of
      the patient.

PMID- 6831656
TI  - Carotid sinus baroreceptor activity in the nonhuman primate.
AB  - The carotid sinus of eight adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys was functionally
      isolated from the circulation and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The
      impulse activity in 65 carotid sinus baroreceptor fibers from the left carotid
      sinus nerve was studied during nonpulsatile perfusion and was compared with the
      impulse activity in 68 fibers from 10 adult mongrel dogs. Curves relating the
      discharge frequency to carotid sinus pressure were constructed. The baroreceptor
      fibers of the monkey had a significantly lower threshold, gain, pressure at the
      point of inflection, and plateau pressure than those of the dog. Hysteresis, as
      indicated by the separation of the stimulus-response curves obtained by
      increasing and then decreasing carotid sinus pressure, was observed. At any given
      pressure, the discharge frequency of baroreceptors was greater when carotid sinus
      pressure was increased than when it was decreased in both species. These results
      provide direct evidence that carotid sinus baroreceptors in the monkey are less
      sensitive to pressure changes than those in the dog.

PMID- 6831655
TI  - The influence of receptor occupation on Ca++ influx-mediated vascular smooth
      muscle contraction.
AB  - A possible role of the agonist-induced intracellular calcium release process in
      mediating the utilization of the Ca++ ions which enter the smooth muscle cells
      during activation is proposed. The rate of refilling of the agonist-sensitive
      intracellularly bound calcium pool was found to be decreased when Ca++ influx was
      reduced by D-600 and increased when Ca++ influx was stimulated by KCl. Similarly,
      the rate of tension development in response to a stimulation of Ca++ influx by
      KCl was found to be slowed when the agonist-sensitive internal calcium pool had
      been depleted prior to addition of KCl and to be accelerated in the presence of
      an agonist capable of releasing this pool. These findings indicate that the
      agonist-sensitive internal Ca++ pool is capable of sequestering Ca++ which enters
      during the stimulation of Ca++ influx and that receptor occupation reduces the
      sequestration capacity of this pool. It is suggested that the agonist-induced
      internal calcium release process may play two roles in arterial smooth muscle
      activation: (1) the released Ca++ is directly involved in activation and (2)
      receptor occupation may reduce the ability of intracellular sites to sequester
      Ca++, thereby allowing more of the stimulated Ca++ influx to be utilized for
      activation.

PMID- 6831657
TI  - Diastolic myocardial wall stiffness and ventricular relaxation during partial and
      complete coronary occlusions in the conscious dog.

PMID- 6831658
TI  - Nonlinear summation of depressor effects of carotid sinus pressure changes and
      aortic nerve stimulation in the rabbit.
AB  - We studied the interaction between the carotid sinus and aortic arch
      baroreflexes' control of arterial pressure in 13 rabbits anesthetized with
      urethane. The carotid sinus baroreceptor region was isolated to control carotid
      sinus pressure. The aortic nerve was transected cervically and stimulated with 4
      V electrical pulses at 5 Hz and 0.5-msec duration, which caused a 20-30 mm Hg
      decrease in arterial pressure. Several protocols were used to analyze the
      interaction. In the first, we compared the combined effect of the stimulation of
      a unilateral aortic nerve and a simultaneous increase of bilateral carotid sinus
      pressures from 40 to 70-80 mm Hg to the sum of these effects measured separately.
      The combined effect was always larger than the sum of the separate effects. In
      the second protocol, we varied carotid sinus pressures between 40 and 140 mm Hg
      and, at each carotid sinus pressure, measured the decrease in arterial pressure
      caused by unilateral aortic nerve stimulation. The fall in arterial pressure was
      always greater in the middle range of carotid sinus pressure (70-90 mm Hg) than
      in the lower or higher range. In the third protocol, we increased the intensity
      of aortic nerve stimulation from 2 to 4 V while raising carotid sinus pressure
      from 90 to 110 mm Hg. At this increased tonic input level, the combined effect
      was always smaller than the sum of the separate effects. Thus, we observed a
      facilitatory summation when the input variables changed from subthreshold to
      physiological level, but an inhibitory summation when the input stimulus
      intensity increased from a physiological to a supraphysiological level. We
      conclude that interaction between the two reflexes depends in part upon the
      initial level of the input intensity to the receptors.

PMID- 6831660
TI  - Resting membrane potential, extracellular potassium activity, and intracellular
      sodium activity during acute global ischemia in isolated perfused guinea pig
      hearts.
AB  - Transmembrane potentials, extracellular potassium activity, and intracellular
      sodium activity were determined during acute global ischemia in Langendorff
      perfused guinea pig ventricles by microelectrode techniques. Resting membrane
      potential decreased with a sigmoidal time course from -82 mV to -49.5 +/- 2.7 mV
      (SD, n = 6) and extracellular potassium activity increased from 4 to 5 mM to 14.7
      +/- 1.3 mM (n = 8) during 15 minutes of ischemia. The estimated potassium
      equilibrium potential was 7 mV more negative than resting membrane potential
      prior to occlusion, but approached resting membrane potential during ischemia. An
      increase in extracellular potassium accumulation occurred when heart rate was
      increased abruptly from 60 to 170 beats/min. After rapid stimulation, a transient
      decrease of extracellular potassium activity occurred which was abolished in the
      presence of 10(-6) M strophanthidin. If the preparations were paced before and
      after aortic occlusion at a constant rate, potassium accumulation was independent
      of heart rate within a range of 50-170 beats/min. Intracellular sodium activity
      was 8.8 +/- 2.8 mM (n = 8) prior to occlusion and decreased slightly to values
      between 4.7 and 7.6 mM after 10-15 minutes of ischemia. The results suggest that
      relative potassium permeability largely predominates over relative sodium
      permeability during the decrease of resting membrane potential after interruption
      of aortic flow. Furthermore, active sodium-potassium exchange compensates for the
      rate-dependent fraction of potassium efflux and maintains a low intracellular
      sodium activity. For reasons of electroneutrality, the potassium efflux
      underlying extracellular potassium accumulation must be balanced by an equivalent
      charge movement which is not carried by sodium. The most probable hypothesis
      regarding the charge carriers is that net potassium efflux occurs secondary to
      efflux of phosphate and lactate generated during ischemia.

PMID- 6831659
TI  - Changes in pulmonary blood flow affect vascular response to chronic hypoxia in
      rats.
AB  - We banded the left pulmonary artery in rats to investigate, in the same animal,
      the effect of both increased and decreased flow on the lung vasculature and to
      determine how these hemodynamic states modify the structural changes produced by
      a 2-week exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. In unanesthetized rats, pressures were
      recorded from the main pulmonary artery and aorta via indwelling catheters,
      cardiac output was calculated by the Fick principle, and pulmonary and systemic
      vascular resistance estimated. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin was
      injected and radionuclide activity counted separately over the right and left
      lungs as a measure of flow. At postmortem, right and left ventricles of the heart
      were weighed and the lungs injected to permit analysis of arteriograms and
      morphometric assessment of structural changes in the pulmonary vascular bed. Flow
      in the left lung was reduced to one-fifth normal in rats with left pulmonary
      artery bands. In "room air" rats, pressure proximal to the left pulmonary artery
      band and in the right lung was slightly higher than in nonbanded controls, but
      not as high as in nonbanded or banded hypoxic rats. Changes in flow and pressure
      in both lungs of "room air" rats with left pulmonary artery bands were associated
      with a mild degree of extension of muscle into peripheral pulmonary arteries
      normally nonmuscular, medial hypertrophy of normally muscular arteries, and
      reduced arterial density. These three structural changes were present in both
      lungs of "hypoxic" rats but were much more severe. High flow in the right lungs
      of "hypoxic rats" with left pulmonary artery bands worsened only the degree of
      extension. Decreased flow and pressure in the left lungs of these animals
      prevented both the extension and the medial hypertrophy of hypoxia, but not the
      severe reduction in arterial density. It seems that the latter may occur as a
      direct response to low oxygen tension, whereas extension and medial hypertrophy
      are influenced by altered flow and pressure, respectively.

PMID- 6831661
TI  - Transitional blood flow zones between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the
      awake dog. Analysis based on distribution of the intramural vasculature.
AB  - The present study evaluates the transitional or border zone of intermediate blood
      flow reduction between nonischemic and ischemic regions after acute coronary
      artery occlusion in chronically instrumented dogs, using methods that minimize an
      admixture of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the tissue analyzed. The
      regions perfused by occluded and nonoccluded vessels were identified by tracing
      the extra and intramural distribution of the coronary vasculature from postmortem
      angiograms. Regional blood flow was evaluated in serial 3-mm-wide epicardial and
      endocardial zones from outside and inside the interface between occluded and
      nonoccluded vessels. The zone of intermediate reduction in blood flow between
      nonischemic and ischemic regions occurred in the first 3-mm section immediately
      inside the region supplied by the occluded vasculature. Mean blood flow in this
      region was reduced to 58 +/- 6% and 61 +/- 5% (+/- SEM) of nonischemic region
      blood flow at the lateral and medial epicardial margins, respectively, and 47 +/-
      5% and 45 +/- 6% at the lateral and medial endocardial margins, respectively. In
      the remaining ischemic zone, significant differences in blood flow existed
      between epicardial and endocardial layers; these differences were highly variable
      between animals. The data indicate that when the analysis of regional blood flow
      following acute ischemia is based on the anatomic distribution of the coronary
      vasculature, the transitional or border zone of intermediate reduction in blood
      flow is limited to a narrow zone immediately inside the occluded vasculature.
      Studies performed in acutely anesthetized dogs in which the occluded region was
      perfused via a two-chamber blood reservoir that allowed maintenance of perfusion
      and exclusion of microspheres from the circumflex region indicate that
      intermediate reductions in blood flow at the border of the ischemic zone resulted
      from an admixture of normal myocardium and, thus, do not represent a border zone
      of intermediate ischemia.

PMID- 6831662
TI  - Myocardial metabolites of ethanol.
AB  - Because of the importance of alcohol-induced heart muscle disease and the
      obscurity of its pathogenesis, this study was undertaken to determine whether
      fatty acid ethyl esters, myocardial metabolites of ethanol recently described in
      our laboratory to be synthesized in cell-free extracts of rabbit myocardium,
      accumulate in hearts of human subjects exposed to ethanol in vivo. Lipid extracts
      were prepared from left ventricular samples obtained at necropsy from six
      subjects who had been exposed to ethanol acutely or chronically. Fatty acid ethyl
      esters were present in each extract in concentrations ranging from 9 to 115
      microM. In contrast, they were consistently absent from analogous samples
      obtained from hearts of abstainers (n = 5). In parallel studies in experimental
      animals, we found that fatty acid ethyl esters are formed not only in the heart
      but also in the pancreas and liver--targets of injury associated with chronic
      alcohol abuse. These results demonstrate the presence in human myocardium of a
      novel metabolite of ethanol that potentially may serve as a marker for exposure
      to alcohol and that could be relevant to the pathophysiology of excessive alcohol
      consumption leading to cardiac abnormalities.

PMID- 6831663
TI  - Functional significance of collaterals during ameroid-induced coronary stenosis
      in conscious dogs. Interrelationships among regional shortening, regional flow
      and grade of coronary stenosis.
AB  - We studied the relationships among collateral flow, regional myocardial
      shortening and the grade of coronary stenosis during ameroid-induced chronic
      coronary constriction in 22 conscious dogs. A radiolucent ameroid, a Doppler flow
      probe and a cuff occluder were placed on the left circumflex coronary artery
      (LCx). Regional myocardial shortening and regional myocardial blood flow were
      assessed simultaneously using ultrasonic dimension gauges and the tracer
      microsphere technique, respectively, during temporary occlusion of the LCx.
      Regional hypokinesia and ischemia were attenuated as a function of time during
      progressive coronary stenosis. Fifty percent recovery and full recovery of
      regional shortening during occlusion were observed 19 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 4 days
      after instrumentation, respectively, when the endocardial blood flow recovered
      from 0.42 +/- 0.07 ml/min/g at 7 days to 0.56 +/- 0.07 and 0.80 +/- 0.05
      ml/min/g, respectively. Greater than 75% coronary stenosis coincided with
      collateral development, as estimated from regional shortening rate and the
      appearance of angiographically opacified collaterals. Our study confirms that the
      development of collateral vessels reduces regional ischemia and hypokinesia
      induced during abrupt coronary occlusion in a canine model.

PMID- 6831664
TI  - Coronary steal mechanisms in dogs with one-vessel occlusion and other arteries
      normal.

PMID- 6831665
TI  - Reduction of the extent of ischemic myocardial injury by neutrophil depletion in
      the dog.
AB  - Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the acute inflammatory
      response may exacerbate tissue injury through the release of activated oxygen
      products or proteolytic enzymes or both. To assess the role of neutrophils in
      acute myocardial infarction, circulating neutrophil levels in dogs were reduced
      by 77 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) by administering rabbit antiserum to dog neutrophils.
      Acute myocardial infarction was induced in open-chest anesthetized dogs by 90
      minutes of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by 6 hours of
      reperfusion. Dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum (n = 8) developed myocardial
      infarcts that were an average of 43% smaller than infarcts in dogs treated with
      nonimmune rabbit serum (n = 7) (27.0 +/- 4.5% vs 47.1% +/- 7.5% of the area at
      risk, p less than 0.05). In a saline-treated control group (n = 8), infarct size
      was 48.0 +/- 4.7% of the area at risk, a value not significantly different from
      that of the nonimmune serum group but significantly greater than that in the
      neutrophil antiserum dogs (p less than 0.05). There were no major hemodynamic
      differences between groups. Histopathologic examination revealed that infarcted
      myocardium from dogs given saline or treated with nonimmune serum had a
      substantial neutrophilic infiltrate, which was virtually absent in infarcted
      tissue from dogs treated with neutrophil antiserum. These observations suggest
      that neutrophil accumulation in response to myocardial ischemia may be
      responsible for a substantial portion of the irreversible myocardial injury
      resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion.

PMID- 6831666
TI  - The time course and characterization of myocardial hemorrhage after coronary
      reperfusion in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - We quantitated hemorrhage associated with reperfusion after varying periods of
      myocardial ischemia and examined the flow characteristics that accompany
      reperfusion hemorrhage. Anesthetized dogs were reperfused after 2, 6 or 24 hours
      of circumflex occlusion. A control group underwent coronary occlusion without
      reperfusion. Radioactive microspheres were injected before and 5 minutes and 24
      hours after reperfusion. The papillary muscles were analyzed for hemoglobin
      content, flow during myocardial ischemia and flow early and 24 hours after
      reperfusion. Myocardial creatine kinase activity was assayed to determine the
      severity of myocardial necrosis in the papillary muscles. Hemorrhage into the
      posterior papillary muscle was dependent upon the duration of coronary artery
      occlusion. Posterior papillary hemoglobin averaged 14 mg/g in the 2-hour group,
      28 mg/g in the 6-hour group and 36 mg/g in the group reperfused 24 hours after
      occlusion, compared with 8.7 mg/g in the control group. Myocardial hemorrhage was
      associated with severe depression in myocardial CK and marked depression in flow
      to the ischemic area (i.e., collateral flow) during the occlusion. Early reflow
      averaged 112 ml/min/100 g in the 2-hour group, 61 ml/min/100 g in the 6-hour
      group and only 5.8 ml/min/100 g in the 24-hour group. Therefore, myocardial
      hemorrhage induced by reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium is
      associated with severe ischemia during occlusion and severe myocardial necrosis,
      but does not depend upon the magnitude of early reflow. Myocardial hemorrhage may
      occur even though initial reflow values are markedly decreased.

PMID- 6831668
TI  - Effects of spontaneous and streptokinase-induced recanalization on left
      ventricular function after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The effect of recanalization of the "infarct vessel" on left ventricular (LV)
      function was assessed 6-8 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in two
      groups: patients who had streptokinase-induced recanalization during the acute
      phase and control patients who had spontaneous recanalization. The ejection
      fraction and severity of LV wall motion abnormalities in 100 patients with
      recanalization were compared with those in 78 patients with persistent occlusion
      of the infarct vessel. Among patients with inferior MI, LV function was
      significantly better in those with spontaneous (n = 41, p less than 0.05) and
      streptokinase-induced recanalization (n = 15, p less than 0.02) than in those
      with persistent occlusion of the infarct vessel (n = 40) in the control group.
      The LV function was equally good in patients with spontaneous and streptokinase
      induced recanalization. Among anterior MI patients, LV function was significantly
      better in those with streptokinase-induced recanalization (n = 10) than in those
      with spontaneous recanalization (n = 34, p less than 0.01) or persistent
      occlusion in the control group (n = 28, p less than 0.001). We conclude that
      recanalization has a beneficial effect on LV function in patients with MI.

PMID- 6831670
TI  - Effect of the ouabain-quinidine interaction on left ventricular and left atrial
      function in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effect of the ouabain-quinidine interaction was examined in 10 conscious
      dogs. Left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV dP/dt, LV diameter and left atrial (LA)
      diameter were measured with high-fidelity micromanometers and sonomicrometer
      crystals. Ouabain, 0.025 mg/kg, significantly (p less than 0.05) increased LV
      dP/dt, LV and LA fractional shortening and LV and LA velocity of circumferential
      fiber shortening (Vcf). In a separate experiment, quinidine was administered as a
      bolus dose, 3.85 mg/kg, followed by an infusion, 0.28 mg/kg/min. This resulted in
      steady-state quinidine concentrations that produced no change in wall motion or
      hemodynamics. When ouabain was given 1 hour into the quinidine infusion, only LV
      dP/dt increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Ouabain alone increased LV
      dP/dt 26.4 +/- 3.5%, whereas ouabain during the quinidine infusion increased it
      by 9.5 +/- 2.3%. Similar differences were seen in the responses to ouabain in the
      absence and presence of quinidine: LV Vcf, 22.4 +/- 4.9% vs 6.0 +/- 2.1%, LV
      fractional shortening, 23.1 +/- 4.6% vs 5.8 +/- 2.1%, LA Vcf, 22.7 +/- 5.9 vs 4.6
      +/- 2.0% and LA fractional shortening, 21.8 +/- 7% vs 7.8 +/- 3.3%. Thus, in the
      presence of quinidine the increase in intropy usually seen with ouabain was
      markedly attenuated. These data suggest that the quinidine-induced increase in
      digoxin serum concentrations is accompanied by a decrease in the contractile
      response of the heart to digoxin.

PMID- 6831667
TI  - Fibrinolytic effects of intracoronary streptokinase administration in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency.
AB  - Serial coagulation studies were obtained in 25 patients treated with
      intracoronary streptokinase infusion for myocardial infarction (23 patients) or
      coronary insufficiency (two patients) to determine the frequency of systemic
      fibrinolytic activity. Clotting studies were obtained before and after infusion
      and at 4-hour intervals until normalization. Intracoronary thrombolysis was
      successful in 20 of 23 patients (87%) with myocardial infarction. Streptokinase
      dosage in this study was 201,000 +/- 74,000 IU (+/- SD). Systemic fibrinolytic
      activity, defined as greater than 70% reduction of fibrinogen using a functional
      assay (Claus method), occurred in 22 of 25 patients (88%) and was present at a
      mean streptokinase dosage of 119,000 +/- 52,000 IU. Fibrinogen in the total
      population decreased from 342 +/- 80 to 87 +/- 94 mg% (p less than 0.0001). In
      patients with systemic effect, the mean fibrinogen level after infusion was 17%
      of baseline, increased to 43% at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 30 hours.
      Plasminogen decreased to 7% of baseline activity after infusion (p less than
      0.0001), was 44% of baseline at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 48 hours.
      Intraprocedural sampling during infusion showed reduction of fibrinogen by 25%
      after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0005) and by 71% at 120,000 IU (p less than
      0.0001); plasminogen decreased by 50% after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0001) and by
      84% at 120,000 IU (p less than 0.0001). Prothrombin time increased from 11.5 +/-
      0.8 seconds to 22.0 +/- 7.8 seconds after infusion (p less than 0.0001) and
      returned to normal at a mean of 18 +/- 11 hours after infusion. Partial
      thromboplastin time was markedly prolonged (greater than 100 seconds) after
      infusion, returned to less than or equal to 2 times control at 5 +/- 2 hours, and
      returned to normal at 9 +/- 4 hours after infusion. Fibrinogen degradation
      products were less than 10 micrograms/ml before infusion, increased to greater
      than 40 micrograms/ml after infusion, and remained greater than 40 micrograms/ml
      in 40% of patients at 24 hours after infusion. These data indicate that systemic
      fibrinolytic activity occurs in a high percentage of patients with "low-dose"
      intracoronary streptokinase infusion and that coagulation variables may be
      altered for 24-48 hours after infusion.

PMID- 6831671
TI  - Effect of rate-dependent left bundle branch block on global and regional left
      ventricular function.
AB  - Seven subjects with rate-dependent left bundle branch block (RDLBBB) and 13
      subjects with normal conduction (control group) underwent upright bicycle
      exercise radionuclide angiography to determine the effects of the development of
      RDLBBB on global and regional left ventricular function. Six of the seven
      subjects with RDLBBB had atypical chest pain syndromes; none had evidence of
      cardiac disease based on clinical examination and either normal cardiac
      catheterization or exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy. Radionuclide angiograms
      were recorded at rest and immediately before and after RDLBBB in the test group,
      and at rest and during intermediate and maximal exercise in the control group.
      The development of RDLBBB was associated with an abrupt decrease in left
      ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in six of seven patients (mean decrease 6 +/
      5%) and no overall increase in LVEF between rest and maximal exercise (65 +/- 9%
      and 65 +/- 12%, respectively). In contrast, LVEF in the control group was 62 +/-
      8% at rest and increased to 72 +/- 8% at intermediate and 78 +/- 7% at maximal
      exercise. The onset of RDLBBB was associated with the development of asynchronous
      left ventricular contraction in each patient and hypokinesis in four of seven
      patients. All patients in the control group had normal wall motion at rest and
      exercise. These data indicate that the development of RDLBBB is associated with
      changes in global and regional ventricular function that may be confused with
      development of left ventricular ischemia during exercise.

PMID- 6831669
TI  - Influence of atrial systole on the Frank-Starling relation and the end-diastolic
      pressure-diameter relation of the left ventricle.
AB  - The influence of atrial systole on the left ventricular function curve (stroke
      volume vs end-diastolic pressure or end-diastolic diameter) and on the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure diameter relation was studied in nine
      anesthetized, open-chest dogs whose atrioventricular (AV) node had been
      completely blocked. Measurements were made during volume loading with the
      pericardium closed and opened and during alternate AV sequential pacing (to
      permit atrial contribution to ventricular filling) and AV simultaneous pacing (to
      prevent atrial contribution). When the pericardium was closed, withdrawal of the
      atrial contribution shifted the stroke-volume end-diastolic pressure relation
      downward, but did not shift the stroke volume-end-diastolic diameter relation,
      i.e., it reduced stroke volume for a given end-diastolic pressure according to a
      reduction in end-diastolic volume. The downward shift of the stroke volume-end
      diastolic pressure relation was caused by an upward shift of the end-diastolic
      pressure-diameter relation, which, for a given end-diastolic pressure, resulted
      in a smaller end-diastolic diameter and, thus, in a smaller stroke volume. The
      reason for the upward shift in the end-diastolic pressure-diameter relation was
      that the atrium remained full and thus increased pericardial pressure by
      increasing pericardial volume. Opening the pericardium shifted the end-diastolic
      pressure-diameter relation downward and to the right, shifted the stroke volume
      end-diastolic diameter relation upward and abolished the effect of withdrawal of
      the atrial contribution on these curves. We conclude that in the presence of an
      intact pericardium, atrial systole shifts the stroke volume-end-diastolic
      pressure relation because it shifts the end-diastolic pressure-diameter relation
      and it improves left ventricular performance by increasing preload.

PMID- 6831672
TI  - Sustained hemodynamic and clinical effects of a new cardiotonic agent, WIN 47203,
      in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
AB  - The hemodynamic and clinical effects of WIN 47203, a newly synthesized
      noncatecholamine, nonglycosidic inotropic agent, were studied in 11 patients with
      severe chronic congestive heart failure. Intravenous WIN 47203 increased cardiac
      index from 1.93 +/- 0.36 to 2.87 +/- 0.45 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001) and
      reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 27.0 +/- 8.4 to 16.3 +/- 6.1 mm
      Hg (p less than 0.001). Mean systemic arterial pressure decreased from 75.2 +/-
      6.7 to 72.4 +/- 6.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance
      from 1591 +/- 397 to 1071 +/- 293 dyn-sec-cm5 (p less than 0.001); heart rate was
      unchanged. Oral WIN 47203 produced similar hemodynamic improvement. Hemodynamic
      monitoring of six consecutive doses did not demonstrate evidence for attenuation
      of effectiveness. Chronic therapy with WIN 47203 produced substantial symptomatic
      improvement and increased maximal oxygen uptake at 1 week. Patients were further
      improved after 4 weeks of WIN 47203, and maximal oxygen uptake increased from 9.0
      +/- 1.9 to 11.6 +/- 2.5 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.01 vs control). No overt
      clinical or laboratory manifestations of toxicity were observed. Withdrawal of
      WIN 47203 in two patients in whom clinical benefit was not sustained resulted in
      clinical and hemodynamic deterioration, which was reversed by reinstitution of
      the drug. Therefore, this study demonstrates the acute and sustained cardiotonic
      efficacy of WIN 47203 in man. If long-term administration remains well tolerated
      and without side effects, this drug appears to be very promising for treatment of
      chronic severe congestive heart failure.

PMID- 6831674
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the high-frequency components of the terminal portion of
      the body surface QRS in normal subjects and in patients with ventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of the high-frequency components of the terminal portion of
      the surface QRS was performed in 42 normal subjects (group 1, ages 18-67 years,
      mean +/- SEM 34.7 +/- 2.2 years) and in 12 patients with symptomatic, sustained
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) (group 2, ages 48-76 years, mean 59 +/- 2.3 years).
      Signal averaging and high-pass, bidirectional digital filtering were used for
      analysis. The total duration of the QRS, the duration of the low-amplitude
      signals (less than 40 microV) in the terminal portion of the QRS and the
      amplitude of the signals in the last 40 and 50 msec of the QRS were measured at
      filter settings of 25 and 40 Hz. Reproducibility of the measurements was tested
      in 15 normal subjects by comparing results obtained from two consecutive
      recordings. Significant differences were found between normal subjects and VT
      patients for all four indexes at both 25- and 40-Hz filters. Specific values for
      each of the indexes were identified at the 40-Hz filtering, which could separate
      normal subjects from VT patients (20 microV for the amplitude of last 40 msec; 30
      microV for the amplitude of last 50 msec; 120 msec for the total duration; and 39
      msec for the low-amplitude signal of the filtered QRS). Using these values for
      the four indexes, respectively, 90%, 98%, 100% and 90% of the normal subjects and
      83%, 83%, 58% and 83% for the VT group were correctly classified. The results
      show that the high-frequency analysis of the signal-averaged body surface QRS is
      a reliable, reproducible, noninvasive method for distinguishing patients with VT
      from normal subjects.

PMID- 6831673
TI  - Mexiletine in the treatment of resistant ventricular arrhythmias: enhancement of
      efficacy and reduction of dose-related side effects by combination with
      quinidine.

PMID- 6831675
TI  - Topography of preemptying ventricular segments in patients with Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome using scintigraphic phase mapping and esophageal pacing.
AB  - We analyzed the sequence of ventricular emptying using the phase image in 10
      patients with accessory pathways and in 15 normal subjects. In normal subjects,
      the earliest emptying occurred in ventricular septal, apical and left basal
      segments. Eight patients had manifest preexcitation; the earliest emptying
      occurred ectopically in the right ventricle in one of these patients and in the
      left ventricle in five. The remaining two patients had normal phase maps. Two
      patients had concealed left-sided pathways. Their phase maps showed earliest
      emptying in left basal segments. Six of the 10 patients underwent
      electrophysiologic mapping. There was complete agreement between phase and
      electrophysiologic maps. Transesophageal atrial pacing increased preexcitation in
      one patient, normalized the ECG in another and precipitated narrow QRS
      tachycardia in four patients. Phase maps then showed enlargement, reduction and
      loss of the ectopic earliest emptying segments, respectively. We conclude that
      this technique in conjunction with pacing is successful in lateralizing accessory
      pathways.

PMID- 6831678
TI  - Sinus region electrograms.

PMID- 6831676
TI  - Coronary spasm and thrombosis associated with myocardial infarction in a patient
      with nearly normal coronary arteries.
AB  - A 37-year-old man presented with an evolving inferior myocardial infarction.
      Coronary angiography performed within 3 hours after the onset of the pain showed
      spasm of the right coronary artery and the presence of intracoronary thrombi.
      After resolution of spasm and the disappearance of thrombi, angiography revealed
      nearly normal coronary arteries. An ergonovine test was positive when the patient
      was not taking medication and became negative when he was taking diltiazem. The
      course was uncomplicated, and after 9 months the patient is free of angina.

PMID- 6831677
TI  - Aneurysm of the left aortic sinus causing acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A 30-year-old female had an acute myocardial infarction complicated by congestive
      heart failure. Angiography demonstrated an aneurysm in the area of the left
      aortic sinus. The aneurysm compressed and displaced the main trunk of the left
      coronary artery and the proximal portion of the left anterior descending artery.
      This aneurysm was considered to be the cause of the infarction. Aortic valve
      replacement and removal of the aneurysm were performed. Postoperative studies
      revealed good function of the replaced valve, good antegrade filling of the left
      coronary artery, and improved left ventricular function.

PMID- 6831679
TI  - 2-D echo for detecting blood stasis.

PMID- 6831680
TI  - Eclecticism in a passionate profession.

PMID- 6831681
TI  - Association between coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness in
      healthy adult women.
AB  - We examined associations between physical fitness and risk factors for coronary
      heart disease in healthy women ages 18-65 years. Physical fitness was objectively
      determined by the duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Six physical
      fitness categories (very poor to superior), specific within 10-year age
      increments, were established. Mean risk factor levels varied across categories,
      but so did potential confounders such as age and weight. Multiple linear
      regression modeling was used to control for the effects of age, weight and year
      of exam on coronary risk factors. After adjustment, physical fitness was
      independently associated with triglycerides (p less than 0.001), high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p less than or equal to 0.001), total
      cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (p less than or equal to 0.001), blood pressure (p less
      than or equal to 0.001) and cigarette smoking (p less than or equal to 0.001).

PMID- 6831683
TI  - Serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgD in allergic (type I) and non-allergic respiratory
      diseases.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin levels A, G, M, D have been studied in 902 patients
      suffering from allergic or non-allergic asthma, rhinitis and cough or various
      combinations of these disorders. In addition, a control group of asymptomatic
      persons was included. Serum IgA and IgD levels were significantly lower in both
      the allergic and non allergic groups of patients as compared to the control
      group, indicating that this decrease is a common feature for all patient groups
      studies. Serum IgA was significantly increased in amount in smokers. Serum IgA
      and IgG levels increased significantly with age. Females showed significantly
      higher serum IgM levels as compared to males. Atopic eczema did not seem to
      influence the serum level of immunoglobulin classes A, G, M or D.

PMID- 6831684
TI  - Effect of house dust mite on serum complement activation and total haemolytic
      activity in vitro in normal subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - House dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) has been shown to activate the
      complement system in vitro by both the classical and alternative pathways in
      normal serum and in two groups of (skin test positive and skin test negative)
      patients with bronchial asthma. The activation was dose dependent in the lower
      range of allergen concentrations. Skin test positive asthmatic subjects showed
      the maximum activation. Skin test negative patients had activation between skin
      test positive patients and normal subjects. However, at the higher allergen
      concentration normal serum and bronchial asthma patients showed similar results.

PMID- 6831682
TI  - Variation in the size of jeopardized myocardium in patients with isolated left
      anterior descending coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6831686
TI  - Optimization of enzyme-based assays in coagulation testing.
AB  - Optimized assays for antithrombin III and plasminogen have been developed based
      on a study of the kinetic parameters Km and Kcat for four commercially available
      substrates: the p-nitroanilide derivatives of D-Phe-pipecolyl-Arg (S-2238), and
      toluenesulfonyl-Gly-Pro-Arg (Chromozym TH), which are thrombin substrates; D-Val
      Leu-Lys (S-2251), a plasminogen/streptokinase substrate; and alpha-N-carbobenzoxy
      L-lysine thiobenzyl ester, a substrate for both enzymes. We used a centrifugal
      analyzer system for rapid data acquisition and interactive analysis. Optimized
      conditions for assay of a particular enzyme are not constant for different
      substrates in the same buffering agent. For example, in 1,4-piperazine
      diethanesulfonic acid buffer at 37 degrees C, thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of
      Chromozym TH is optimal at 125 mmol/L buffer, 100 mmol/L NaCl, and pH 8.2,
      whereas substitution of S-2238, also a tripeptide p-nitroanilide, yields optimal
      hydrolysis at 85 mmol/L buffer, 300 mmol/L NaCl, and pH 7.2. We conclude that
      optimized assay conditions are best obtained by an extensive survey of available
      buffers and a detailed investigation of the effects of variation in pH and in the
      concentrations of the buffer and auxiliary reagents through use of both one
      factor-at-a-time and multivariate response surface experimentation.

PMID- 6831687
TI  - Development and analytical performance of automated tests for antithrombin III
      and plasminogen on the Du Pont aca analyzer.
AB  - We describe assays for functional antithrombin III (AT III) and plasminogen in
      plasma with the Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer. Both are two-stage
      kinetic assays, based on synthetic substrate methodologies, and require 20-microL
      sample volumes. In the AT III assay the sample is incubated with excess thrombin
      and heparin to form the functionally inactive AT III-thrombin complex. Residual
      thrombin is measured through its rate of hydrolysis of a lysine thioester and is
      inversely related to analyte concentration. In the plasminogen assay excess
      streptokinase is reacted with the sample to form an enzymatically active complex.
      The substrate hydrolysis rate of this complex is measured, which is linearly
      related to the concentration of plasminogen in the sample. Reaction conditions
      for both assays were optimized by univariate and response surface techniques. The
      assay for AT III has a range of 0 to 150% of the value for normal human plasma (%
      NHP) with a CV of 3% at 80% NHP. The plasminogen assay is linear from 25 to 200%
      NHP with a CV of less than 2% at 80% NHP. No significant interferences with
      either method by common blood components or drugs were found.

PMID- 6831685
TI  - Allergenic properties of a feed protein of microfungal origin.
AB  - We studied thirty-five process and laboratory workers occupationally exposed to
      Paecilomyces varioti protein. The protein, used as an animal feed, is prepared
      industrially by fermentation in pulp waste liquor. Skin tests and
      radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) to detect specific IgE antibodies showed
      positive results to Paecilomyces antigen among the workers and among the atopic
      control persons not occupationally exposed to Paecilomyces protein. Also IgG
      antibodies to Paecilomyces protein could be detected in workers and in controls
      in similar amounts in both groups. In no worker could clinical symptoms due to
      Paecilomyces protein allergy be found. We conclude that positive skin tests and
      RASTs indicate that immediate hypersensitivity to Paecilomyces antigens occurs.
      Clinical allergy probably has been prevented by the closed manufacturing process,
      which keeps occupational exposure at a low level.

PMID- 6831688
TI  - Simultaneous determination of haloperidol and its reduced metabolite in serum and
      plasma by isocratic liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - We describe a liquid-chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of
      haloperidol and its reduced metabolite in plasma and serum. Haloperidol and
      reduced haloperidol are concentrated from blood samples by liquid/liquid
      extraction into a hexane/isoamyl alcohol mixture, with chlorohaloperidol as the
      internal standard. For chromatographic separation we used a reversed-phase cyano
      bonded column and a mobile phase of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer/acetonitrile (55/45
      by vol). Haloperidol and its reduced metabolite are detected electrochemically at
      +0.90 V potential between the working and reference electrodes. As little as 0.5
      ng per injection is detectable. Within- and between-day CVs for determinations of
      haloperidol and reduced haloperidol ranged from 4 to 7% each at a concentration
      of 10 micrograms/L. Haloperidol concentrations measured by this method correlated
      well with those by gas-chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detector and by
      radioimmunoassay. The present method can be used to study the effects of
      haloperidol on the central nervous system. It is simple enough for use in
      clinical laboratories that are monitoring haloperidol concentrations in the blood
      of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 6831689
TI  - Identification of the serum binding proteins for iron, zinc, cadmium, nickel, and
      calcium.
AB  - The binding of five biologically important metals to serum proteins has been
      studied. After suitable radioactive isotopes were added to serum proteins
      separated and precipitated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, the sample
      plates were exposed to roentgenogram film. 59Fe bound to transferrin alone; 65Zn
      bound mostly to albumin, but also to another 12 proteins; 109Cd was mostly
      associated with alpha 2-macroglobulin, but was also present on albumin,
      immunoglobulins G and A, and prealbumin; 63Ni, added in high concentration, was
      associated with an alpha 2-mobility protein and albumin; and, finally, 45Ca was
      mostly bound to albumin, but seven other binding proteins were also identified,
      with transferrin predominant. The results are not quantitative, but the technique
      is simple and specific, and the information gained can direct further studies on
      isolated proteins.

PMID- 6831691
TI  - Radioenzymatic assay for direct measurement of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
AB  - A radioenzymatic assay for measurement of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is
      described, based on the incubation of L-[3H]tyrosine (10(6) cpm, spec. acty. 1.88
      Ci/mol) in the presence of the apoenzyme tyrosine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25)
      from Streptococcus faecalis and PLP in phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 5.5) at 37
      degrees C for 60 min. The decarboxylated metabolite formed, [3H]tyramine, was
      selectively extracted into ethyl acetate, and the tritium radioactivity in the
      sample was determined by liquid scintillation counting. As little as 0.5 nmol of
      PLP can be detected per liter. The assay is specific, no cross reactivity having
      been noted for several compounds closely related to PLP. With this we could
      directly measure the concentrations of PLP in plasma without prior
      deproteinization and ether washing of the samples. Using the assay to determine
      plasma concentrations of PLP in healthy adult populations, we found results that
      were comparable with previously reported data.

PMID- 6831690
TI  - Total bone and liver alkaline phosphatases in plasma: biological variations and
      reference limits.
AB  - We have studied factors affecting biological variation in total plasma alkaline
      phosphatase in a population of 32 329 apparently healthy subjects four years old
      or older. Quantification of the bone and liver isoenzymes after thermal
      denaturation made it possible to specify the contributions of each isoenzyme to
      variations in the total activities. The main factors that modify plasma alkaline
      phosphatase activity are age, sex, hormonal state (puberty or menopause), and
      morphometric parameters (height, body weight, or degree of overweight). The bone
      isoenzyme is mainly responsible for the variations associated with age, sex, and
      puberty and to some extent with the menopause. Activity of the liver isoenzyme
      was also altered at the menopause and by certain drugs, such as oral
      contraceptives and blood-lipid-lowering agents. These data allow us to propose
      reference limits for total plasma, bone, and liver alkaline phosphatases
      according to age and sex.

PMID- 6831692
TI  - An enzymic creatinine assay and a direct ammonia assay in coated thin films.
AB  - We developed a thin-film enzymic assay for creatinine that makes use of
      creatinine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.21) to convert creatinine to N
      methylhydantoin and ammonia. The ammonia diffuses through a semipermeable layer
      and is quantitated by reaction with bromphenol blue. A paired analysis of the
      sample on a separate coating without the enzymic reaction measures endogenous
      ammonia and, for samples with normal concentrations of ammonia, allows accurate
      determination of serum creatinine to 150 mg/L without dilution. Results of this
      assay (y) compare well with those by a liquid-chromatographic comparison assay
      (x) by linear regression (slope = 0.935, intercept = 1.13 mg/L, r2 = 0.995). It
      is insensitive to many substances, such as ketones and keto acids, that interfere
      with conventional assays. Results of the ammonia assay (y) correlate well with
      those by a semi-automated enzymic assay (x) based on glutamate dehydrogenase
      (slope = 1.068, intercept = 17.3 mumol/L, r2 = 0.985).

PMID- 6831693
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic quantification of piracetam.
AB  - Piracetam, an analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid, absorbs maximally at 197 nm. Its
      molar absorptivity at 208 nm and pH 4.5 is 3576 (SD 251) L . mol-1 cm-1,
      approximately 45% of its absorptivity at 197 nm. Direct quantification of
      piracetam at 197 nm in biological extracts is complicated by the fact that many
      other compounds absorb between 190 and 220 nm due to carbon-nitrogen bonding.
      Chromatography of methanol extracts of serum and aqueous humor on a reversed
      phase C-18 column developed isocratically with KH2PO4 (0.1 mol/L, pH 4.8) allows
      detection and quantification of 0.2 mmol of piracetam per liter. Under these
      conditions the retention time of piracetam is about 5 min. The detector response
      is linear for quantities between 5 and 15 nmol. The method is rapid, inexpensive,
      and convenient for the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6831694
TI  - Specificity of human beta-choriogonadotropin assays for the hormone and for an
      immunoreactive fragment present in urine during normal pregnancy.
AB  - We evaluated four high-purity commercial preparations of human choriogonadotropin
      (hCG; Boehringer-Mannheim, Calbiochem, Cambridge, and Radioassay Systems) by two
      radioimmunoassays and one radioreceptor procedure. Their specific activities were
      less than half that of the first International Reference Preparation of hCG for
      immunoassay. In addition, a fragment that was immunoreactive in radioimmunoassays
      for hCG with antisera to the beta-subunit conformational determinant was isolated
      from crude hCG (Roussel Corp.). The fragment adsorbed to concanavalin A and
      exhibited a relative molecular mass of 12 000 by gel filtration. In a study with
      94 urines from women three to 24 weeks pregnant, the fragment contributed more
      than 70% of the immunoreactivity detected by the above radioimmunoassays for hCG
      in 70% of the samples. The fragment was present in urine throughout pregnancy,
      but was not detected in the serum of any of seven pregnant women tested.

PMID- 6831695
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of tobramycin in serum with
      spectrophotometric detection.
AB  - We describe a simple, precise, accurate, and specific liquid-chromatographic
      procedure for determination of tobramycin in 50 microL of serum. Tobramycin and
      the internal standard (sisomicin) are quantitatively converted into their
      trinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction with a water-soluble derivatizing agent
      (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) at 70 degrees C for 30 min. The derivatives
      are extracted from the crude reaction mixture by using a reversed-phase Bond-Elut
      C18 column, and separated on a reversed-phase octyl column with a mobile phase
      consisting of an acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (70/30 by vol) at a flow rate of
      3.0 mL/min. The eluted compounds are detected at 340 nm, and quantified from
      their peak areas. Chromatography is complete in less than 4.5 min at the optimum
      column temperature of 50 degrees C. The lower limit of detection for tobramycin
      is less than 0.2 mg/L. Analytical recoveries for tobramycin varied from 94 to
      99%, linearity extended to 25 mg/L, and day-to-day precision (CV) was between 4.6
      and 5.1%. Numerous drugs and antibiotics tested do not interfere. Results
      correlate well (r greater than 0.95) with those by radioimmunoassay and EMIT.

PMID- 6831696
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic profiling of endogenous fluorescent substances in sera and
      urine of uremic and normal subjects.
AB  - Endogenous fluorescent substances increase in serum during uremia. We have used
      "high-performance" liquid chromatography to profile these fluorescent substances
      in both uremic and normal body fluids. The fluorescence excitation and emission
      maxima we used were 322 and 415 nm, respectively. Of the numerous fluorescent
      substances found in uremic body fluids and in normal urine, some were also
      detectable in normal serum, but at relatively weak fluorescence intensities.

PMID- 6831697
TI  - Immunoadsorption to improve gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry
      of estradiol-17 beta in plasma.
AB  - We describe a new, highly selective procedure for the determination of estradiol
      17 beta in plasma. Samples are extracted with a micro-cellulose-coupled antiserum
      to estradiol-17 beta. Conversion of the extracted steroid to the
      bis(trimethylsilyl) ether is followed by gas chromatography/high-resolution mass
      spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Precise quantification is achieved
      through the use of [2H3]estradiol-17 beta as internal standard.

PMID- 6831698
TI  - An automated dry-slide enzymatic method evaluated for measurement of creatinine
      in serum.
AB  - We evaluated an automated dry-slide enzymatic method involving creatinine
      iminohydrolase for measurement of creatinine in serum with the Kodak Ektachem
      analyzer. The means (and SD) for three commercially available quality-control
      sera, analyzed during eight weeks, were 9.7 (1.0), 16.6 (0.9), and 61 (2.1) mg/L.
      The regression equation for 105 samples measured with the Technicon SMAC (x) and
      Ektachem Analyzers (y) was: y = (0.89 +/- 0.007)x + (1.7 +/- 0.3) mg/L and for
      170 samples measured with the Beckman Astra (x) and Ektachem analyzers (y): y =
      (1.00 +/- 0.005)x - (1.9 +/- 0.16) mg/L. Sixty-one samples from renal-transplant
      patients showed nearly the same agreement. The enzymatic method had no
      interference from substances that interfere with many Jaffe methods for
      creatinine, including acetoacetate. The drugs cephalothin and cephoxitin did not
      interfere, but 5-fluorocytosine interfered significantly with creatinine in the
      Ektachem method. Values for several ketone-positive sera were 5 to 10 mg/L higher
      by the Astra relative to the Ektachem. Grossly hemolyzed or lipemic samples were
      analyzed without difficulty. We conclude that this enzymatic method for
      creatinine in serum has the speed and precision necessary for routine clinical
      laboratory use and, except for one drug, the method appears to be specific for
      creatinine.

PMID- 6831699
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim "Hitachi 705" automatic
      analyzer.
AB  - We evaluated a new multi-channel chemistry analyzer, the Hitachi 705 Automatic
      Analyzer, marketed by Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Inc. The instrument is a
      computer-controlled discrete analyzer, which can be run in a combination profile
      mode and single-test mode. Sixteen different tests per sample may be performed at
      the rate of 180 tests per hour. The Hitachi 705 is especially suitable for use in
      hospitals that do not perform profile testing. Precision and linearity were
      excellent and the instrument was relatively trouble-free, with little operator
      attention required during operation. The Hitachi 705 was easily interfaced to our
      laboratory computer. We compared the performance of the instrument with that of
      the Du Pont aca; the two instruments compared favorably.

PMID- 6831700
TI  - Performance of the Hitachi 705 evaluated.
AB  - We evaluated a new discrete analyzer, the Hitachi 705. The instrument can process
      sequentially as many as 19 different enzymes or other analytes, with a throughput
      of 180 tests per hour. We evaluated the spectrophotometer, the sample and reagent
      probes, and the performance for 11 assays: creatine kinase, aspartate
      aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, amylase,
      glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus. The total
      imprecisions (within-day plus day-to-day component of imprecision) (CV) were: for
      the photometer (six concentrations of potassium dichromate), 0.14 to 0.4%; for
      the serum probe (55 to 20 microL), 0.4 to 1.0%; for the reagents probes (50 to
      350 microL), 0.3 to 1.2%; for the enzymatic procedures, 2.0 to 8.0%; and for the
      other tests (glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine), 1.0 to 4.0%. Good linearity was
      obtained in the proposed range for the 11 tests, except for calcium. Comparison
      of the total analytical error with the medically allowable error at a decision
      value showed that the test results were acceptable, except for calcium and
      phosphorus. The instrument showed good reliability and practicability.

PMID- 6831701
TI  - Relative merits of the biliary alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and lipoprotein-X
      in diagnosis of cholestasis.

PMID- 6831702
TI  - Determination of urinary oxalate with commercially available oxalate oxidase.
AB  - For this direct colorimetry of urinary oxalate, commercially available oxalate
      oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) is used. The urine is first diluted, to diminish the effect
      of interfering substances. Analytical recovery of oxalate from urines with five
      different oxalate concentrations (0.4 to 2.0 mmol/L) ranged from 92 to 109% (mean
      99%). The within-day and between-day precision (CV) of the method for a wide
      range of oxalate concentrations averaged better than 10%. There is good
      correlation (r = 0.977) between this enzymatic method (y) and the chemical method
      of Hodgkinson and Williams (x) [Clin Chim Acta 36: 127-132, 1972], the regression
      equation being y = 1.014x + 0.061. Urines with added ascorbate give falsely
      increased results. The proposed method is inexpensive and simple to perform.

PMID- 6831703
TI  - Improved separation and quantification of the "middle molecule" b4-2 in uremia.
AB  - The plasma of uremic patients usually contains high concentrations of the so
      called middle molecules (molecular mass, 300 to 1500 Da), which exert various
      toxic effects. Among these numerous substances, only one, named peak b4-2, has
      been correlated with uremic neuropathy. We describe our improvement of a two
      stage chromatographic method, gel permeation followed by anion-exchange
      chromatography (J. Chromatogr. 146: 55-65, 1978), for separation and
      quantification of b4-2 in body fluids. In analyzing more than 300 samples from 43
      uremic patients and 12 healthy subjects, we found a linear correlation between
      peak area at 254 nm and b4-2 concentration in the range 0.8 to 32 mg/L. The
      coefficient of variation, including data acquired during seven changes of
      columns, was 9%. Analysis time (80 min) was shorter than required with other
      methods. Our results confirm previous data for urinary b4-2 excretion by healthy
      subjects and for b4-2 removal rate in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis or
      hemofiltration. Patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      have a higher b4-2 excretion than do healthy subjects, suggesting a higher
      production of this solute in uremic patients.

PMID- 6831705
TI  - Proportion of glycosylated hemoglobin in erythrocytes of a person with
      hemoglobins A, S, and G Philadelphia.
AB  - The apparent proportion of column-chromatographically measured glycosylated
      hemoglobin in erythrocytes from an individual with hemoglobins A, S, and G was
      only 2.3% because the slow glycosylated variant hemoglobins were retarded in the
      column. In contrast, the value for glycosylated hemoglobin was 7.8% by a new
      cellulose acetate electrophoretic method that includes use of dextran sulfate
      buffer. The erythrocyte metalloprotein, carbonic anhydrase B, was shown to co
      migrate with glycosylated hemoglobin by this technique, however. Thus carbonic
      anhydrase B, HbF, and HbA all have weak attraction for negative charges at acid
      pH. We believe that carbonic anhydrase B should contribute significantly (at
      least 10-20% absorbance) to the HbA1 by this electrophoretic method. We conclude
      that microcolumn chromatography should remain the method of choice for HbA1
      determination, that subject-based reference intervals should be used for HbS or
      HbC heterozygotes, and that electrophoretic HbA1 methods should be reserved for
      use with both HbS and HbC homozygotes and HbSC disease.

PMID- 6831707
TI  - More on transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy.

PMID- 6831706
TI  - Studies of the Regan alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in plasma from a lung
      carcinoma patient.
AB  - We compared an alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzyme from a plasma sample
      of a patient with carcinoma of the lung, who was suspected of having the Regan
      type isoenzyme, with placental serum alkaline phosphatase and with tissue
      preparations from placenta, liver, bone, and intestine. The placental and Regan
      phosphatases responded similarly to heat treatment and modification by various
      inhibitors, except that the Regan isoenzyme was more resistant to EDTA
      inactivation than was the placental serum alkaline phosphatase, but more
      sensitive than placental tissue alkaline phosphatase. Isoelectric focusing and
      Cellogel electrophoresis showed the Regan isoenzyme to have a mobility similar to
      that of the placental type. We conclude that the isoenzyme was of the Regan type
      and support the contention that the placental and Regan isoenzymes are products
      of the same structural gene, with small differences due to post-genetic
      modification.

PMID- 6831708
TI  - Amino acid analysis--poor recovery of basic amino acids.

PMID- 6831704
TI  - Simultaneous determination of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in serum or plasma by
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6831709
TI  - Thioridazine interference in chromatographic and enzyme immunoassays for
      imipramine in serum.

PMID- 6831710
TI  - Residual gas contaminants in sterilized serological tubes: a problem re-examined.

PMID- 6831711
TI  - Hepatic triglyceride lipase activity in plasma of patients with fatty liver,
      after treatment with heparin.

PMID- 6831712
TI  - Propylene glycol interference with ethylene glycol procedures.

PMID- 6831713
TI  - Immunoassay data handling with an Apple II + microcomputer system.

PMID- 6831714
TI  - Plasma proteins in patients on long-term antiepileptic treatment.

PMID- 6831715
TI  - Effect of x-ray contrast media on results for relative density of urine.

PMID- 6831716
TI  - Use of existing data on biological variation is advocated.

PMID- 6831717
TI  - How much quality control is enough?

PMID- 6831718
TI  - Negative ketone interference with creatinine determinations on the KDA.

PMID- 6831719
TI  - On standards provided with digoxin radioimmunoassay kits.

PMID- 6831720
TI  - Analytical differences in measurement of plasma catecholamines.

PMID- 6831721
TI  - Phenytoin can be measured reliably in uremic patients by immunoassay.

PMID- 6831723
TI  - Markedly increased prostatic acid phosphatase as measured in a patient by a
      monoclonal antibody method.

PMID- 6831722
TI  - How to make better test evaluations.

PMID- 6831725
TI  - Serum catalase activity for detection of hemolytic diseases.

PMID- 6831726
TI  - Interference of an oxprenolol metabolite with screening tests for 5-hydroxyindole
      in urine.

PMID- 6831724
TI  - Diagnostic value of sequential readings with the Minolta transcutaneous
      bilirubinometer in normal and low-birthweight infants.

PMID- 6831727
TI  - One-dimensional chromatography for amino acids on small thin-layer cellulose
      sheets.

PMID- 6831728
TI  - Determination of calcium concentration in pancreatic juice with the Corning 940
      calcium titrator.

PMID- 6831730
TI  - Visual evoked potentials in alcoholics.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials were obtained in nineteen patients during the early
      phase of alcohol intoxication. Out of the thirty-eight responses recorded in the
      nineteen patients, 13% were found to be abnormal (5 responses). Repeated testing
      was done in all patients with abnormal responses at three to four week intervals
      following treatment with vitamins and balanced diets. In three patients the major
      positive peaks returned to normal after treatment.

PMID- 6831729
TI  - A case of cholesterol gravel in the urinary tract.

PMID- 6831731
TI  - Electroencephalographic relationship to suicidal behavior: qualitative
      considerations and a report on a series of completed suicides.

PMID- 6831732
TI  - Periodic EEG patterns in cerebral fat embolism.
AB  - A 24-year-old male developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) 18 hours after
      accidental tibial and metatarsal fractures. The onset was characterized by coma,
      generalized seizures, respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Multiple prolonged
      portable electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings showed a variety of
      progressively changing patterns including continuous high amplitude EEG
      rhythmical synchronous slowing (CHERSS), triphasic waves, bilateral independent
      periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs), frontal intermittent
      delta activity (FIRDA), and low amplitude irregular generalized theta. Three
      months after the accident, the patient was neurologically normal and his EEG
      exhibited only rare brief bursts of anterior theta in the waking recording. I
      conclude that EEG periodic activity such as CHERSS, triphasic waves, BIPLEDs, and
      FIRDA can occur in patients suffering from cerebral fat embolism. It reflects a
      non-specific diffuse encephalopathy not necessarily associated with a poor
      prognosis. Prolonged and frequent bedside EEG recordings will demonstrate better
      these fluctuating abnormalities in cerebral fat embolism (and probably in coma of
      other origin) than standard less frequent recordings. Very likely, these periodic
      EEG patterns have not been previously identified in cerebral fat embolism because
      they were not in vogue among electroencephalographers nor widely accepted at the
      time studies dealing with this syndrome were written.

PMID- 6831733
TI  - Disturbances of the sleep-waking cycle in patients with vascular brain stem
      lesions.
AB  - Continuous polygraphic recordings of six patients with vascular brain stem
      lesions were evaluated to investigate the relationship between 1) the
      localization or extent of the lesions and the alteration of the sleep-waking
      cycle, and 2) the evolution of the clinical condition and the sleep-waking cycle.
      Absent REM sleep and severely disorganized NREM sleep were associated with
      extensive pontine lesions involving the pontine tegmentum. In "locked-in"
      syndrome, the neural mechanisms responsible for both REM and NREM sleep continued
      to function, but the sleep-waking cycle was disturbed and marked by sleep-onset
      REM periods. Lesions in the lower brain stem resulted in absent slow-wave sleep
      and sleep-onset REM, suggesting that vascular lesions may involve the neural
      mechanisms responsible for slow-wave sleep. In general, the acute stage of
      illness was marked by increased awakenings and time spent awake, absent REM
      sleep, and little or no slow-wave sleep. These results indicate that continuous
      polygraphic recordings can reveal severe abnormalities due to vascular lesions of
      the brain stem whereas the waking EEG can only detect mild abnormalities.
      Improvement in the organization of the sleep-waking cycle in successive
      polygraphic examinations is likely to be followed by an improvement of the
      clinical condition. Continuous polygraphic recording is thus a valuable
      prognostic indicator for vascular brain stem lesions.

PMID- 6831734
TI  - The use of EEG in the prognosis of coma.
AB  - Prognosis in comatose patients is essential for medical, ethical, legal and
      financial reasons. Ambiguous definitions of clinical states and EEG terminology
      have hampered attempts to use EEG fruitfully for this purpose. Definitions of
      these terms are offered with a review of their utility in predicting outcome of
      unconscious patients. An effort is made to expand the scope of prognosis now
      available which is based mainly on clinical evaluation of brain stem reflexes and
      demonstration of an isoelectric EEG.

PMID- 6831735
TI  - The effect of acupuncture on somatosensory evoked potentials.
AB  - After manual acupuncture in the Neiguan point no significant difference was
      detected on early component N9, N13, N20, as well as, the negative potential
      after N20 from 22 subjects with normal SEP. However in one patient with abnormal
      SEP the latencies were sometimes improved after acupuncture when the acupuncture
      simultaneously decreased the pain.

PMID- 6831736
TI  - Tongue-movement artifacts in the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 6831739
TI  - Different norepinephrine disappearance rate in venous and arterial plasma in man.
AB  - The disappearance of norepinephrine in both arterial (radial) and venous
      (antecubital) plasma was studied in five patients with mild essential
      hypertension following isometric exercise and norepinephrine infusion. Arterial
      levels of epinephrine throughout the study and of norepinephrine during
      norepinephrine infusion were consistently higher than venous levels, indicating
      that both amines are removed by passage through the forearm. Following infusion
      the disappearance rate of norepinephrine from arterial plasma was faster than
      from venous plasma. After isometric exercise there was a delay in fall of venous
      levels, consistent with a delayed efflux of norepinephrine from local tissues.
      Arterial plasma levels probably reflect total body contribution whereas venous
      plasma levels presumably reflect additional local removal and/or release from the
      forearm.

PMID- 6831738
TI  - Marital interaction and adjustment in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-five men and twenty-six women with essential hypertension, and their
      spouses, were compared with normotensive control couples on a questionnaire
      measure of marital adjustment. The marriages of the hypertensive men showed
      significantly raised levels of marital dissatisfaction in the spouses, and an
      abnormal degree of reciprocal dissatisfaction between spouses. The marriages of
      the female patients showed an abnormal lack of reciprocity between spouses'
      scores. These findings support anecdotal reports of a relationship between
      marital disharmony and communication problems and elevated blood pressure. It is
      suggested that clinicians could routinely assess marital adjustment in patients
      with essential hypertension, and that in some cases conjoint marital therapy
      might be an adjunct or alternative to anti-hypertensive medications.

PMID- 6831737
TI  - Short latency brainstem and somatosensory evoked potentials in alcoholics.

PMID- 6831742
TI  - Proceedings of the symposium Diuretics: Pharmacological Properties and
      Therapeutic Use. Maastricht, The Netherlands, June 17 and 18, 1982.

PMID- 6831741
TI  - The effect of sodium intake on the blood pressure related to age and sex.
AB  - Two hundred and one volunteers with no known hypertension and 60 patients with
      untreated hypertension were entered into a study that compared the effect of two
      levels of sodium intake on blood pressure. One hundred and fifty-four volunteers
      and 46 hypertensive patients reached compliance goals, with a urinary sodium
      excretion on the high sodium diet twice that on the reduced sodium intake. The
      blood pressure on the high sodium diet was 4.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg (n = 154 p less than
      0.001) higher than on the reduced sodium diet in normotensive individuals and was
      increased by 8.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg (n = 46 p less than 0.001) in hypertensive
      individuals. In the volunteer group the major rise in blood pressure occurred in
      people over the age of 50. In the hypertensive patients the alteration in blood
      pressure was not age dependent. In the younger age groups some individuals had an
      increase in blood pressure when on the high sodium intake which was outside the
      spontaneous variations in blood pressure of a control group. This implied that a
      number of young normotensive individuals were susceptible to this alteration in
      sodium intake. Changes in sodium intake alter blood pressure in hypertensive
      people, in normotensive people over 50 and in a small number of younger
      normotensive people. Overall reduction of sodium intake from 200 - 70 mmol/day
      would reduce the blood pressure level of the population and would reduce the
      number of people who have a blood pressure that requires drug therapy.

PMID- 6831740
TI  - Increased norepinephrine release during sympathetic nerve stimulation and its
      inhibition by adenosine in the isolated perfused kidney of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The present study was performed to measure norepinephrine release during
      sympathetic nerve stimulation and determine the inhibitory action of adenosine on
      stimulus-induced release of norepinephrine in the isolated perfused kidney of WKY
      and SHR. Norepinephrine release during periarterial nerve stimulation was
      measured as total 3H-overflow since greater than 75% of total 3H-overflow was 3H
      norepinephrine in both the WKY and SHR. A significantly greater increase in 3H
      norepinephrine overflow was observed during periarterial nerve stimulation in SHR
      in comparison with WKY. Adenosine (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml) produced
      dose-dependent inhibition of 3H-norepinephrine overflow elicited by periarterial
      nerve stimulation. However, the effect of adenosine on transmitter release was
      more pronounced in the SHR in that the threshold dose required to cause
      inhibition of stimulus-induced release of 3H-norepinephrine was smaller in the
      SHR. These results demonstrate that while norepinephrine release during
      sympathetic nerve stimulation is greater in the SHR, this finding can not be
      explained on the basis of a decrease in the presynaptic inhibitory action of
      adenosine. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for the increased release of
      norepinephrine in the SHR remains to be determined.

PMID- 6831744
TI  - The clinical use of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 6831747
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of spironolactone after a single dose: evaluation of the true
      canrenone serum concentrations during 24 hours.

PMID- 6831745
TI  - Studies on the renal receptors of loop diuretics.
AB  - The principal renal action of loop diuretics is to inhibit active NaCl transport
      in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. However, apart from their
      specific tubular action, kidney function may be affected in other ways. By
      employing the enantiomeres of the new loop diuretic ozolinone, non-stereospecific
      increase in renal blood flow and inhibition of tubular secretion of p
      aminohippurate and urate were found. In contrast, electrolyte transport in the
      loop of Henle was inhibited stereospecifically. Perfusion of single loops of rat
      kidneys in vivo with sugar-specific lectins suggested that a fucose-containing
      glycoprotein is involved in electrolyte transport in this tubular segment. Loop
      diuretics might interact with this glycoprotein, leading to inhibition of
      electrolyte transport. Evidence is presented to suggest that this protein is the
      Tamm-Horsfall protein. This fucose-containing glycoprotein is localized in the
      cell membranes of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It binds
      furosemide at concentrations very close to those required for inhibition of
      electrolyte transport in vivo. Furthermore, there is complete agreement between
      the sodium concentration necessary for stimulation of active transport in
      isolated thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and that necessary for
      binding of furosemide to the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.

PMID- 6831743
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of diuretics.
AB  - Diuretics belong to the drugs most frequently used. Thiazide diuretics, loop
      diuretics and potassium sparing diuretics are the agents with practical
      significance. Many data concerning the pharmacokinetics of these drugs have been
      reported. Nevertheless, the metabolism of some diuretics is not yet fully
      elucidated. There are numerous pharmacodynamic drug interactions with diuretics
      which in general can be predicted from the spectrum of pharmacodynamic actions of
      the drugs involved.

PMID- 6831746
TI  - Hemodynamic actions of diuretic agents.
AB  - The blood pressure lowering effect of diuretics in hypertensive disease is well
      documented. The hemodynamic actions underlying this antihypertensive effect
      differ in the early phase from the effects observed during long-term treatment.
      This article first describes new experiments on the hemodynamic effects of three
      diuretics, viz. hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidon and furosemide in conscious,
      chronically instrumented spontaneously hypertensive rats. This animal model was
      chosen in view of its good applicability for the study of the hemodynamics of
      antihypertensive drug action. Results show a marked early fall in stroke volume
      and cardiac index with all three diuretics. Mean arterial blood pressure was
      decreased only after a delay of several hours, because of an early large increase
      in total peripheral resistance. This article furthermore discusses possible
      mechanisms involved in the long-term return of peripheral resistance close to or
      below pre-treatment values. On the basis of data in the literature it is
      concluded that adaptation of baroreceptor reflexes, auto-regulatory responses of
      the peripheral vascular resistance and enhanced production of endogeneous
      vasodilator substances play an increasingly important role during the long-term
      hemodynamic actions of diuretic agents.

PMID- 6831748
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of triamterene.
AB  - The knowledge about the pharmacokinetics of triamterene (TA) was limited until
      recently. The metabolic pathway of TA is the formation of p-hydroxytriamterene
      (OH-TA), which is subsequently conjugated with active sulfate to form p
      hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA-ester). The phase-II-metabolite is
      surprisingly pharmacologically active. TA and its metabolites were measured by a
      specific and sensitive tlc-method concomitantly. The i.v. kinetics of TA were
      determined after application of a newly developed lactic acid solution of the
      drug. Comparing these data with results after oral application of TA the
      bioavailability of TA was 52% and the extent of absorption 83%. The
      bioavailability of different dosage forms was correlated with in vitro tests. In
      liver disease the pharmacokinetics of TA are markedly altered. While in cirrhosis
      the hydroxylation of TA was decreased, the biliary excretion of this agent was
      strongly reduced in hepatitis. In renal disease the excretion of TA and OH-TA
      ester was reduced according to endogenous creatinine clearance. In older patients
      the elimination of TA was impaired.

PMID- 6831750
TI  - Side effects of diuretics.
AB  - Diuretics are amongst the most widely used drugs. Fortunately enough, there are
      rather few clinically relevant side effects. The following side effects are
      discussed in this paper: disturbances of electrolyte, acid-base- and water
      balance, metabolic changes (uric-acid, carbohydrate-metabolism, lipid
      metabolism), unspecific side effects and drug interactions. Finally the
      prevention of side reactions of diuretics is briefly mentioned.

PMID- 6831749
TI  - Changes in pharmacokinetics and in effect of furosemide in the elderly.
AB  - In this paper the general changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the elderly
      are summarized. The suggestion is proposed, that in the case of diuretics--which
      act after renal excretion--the results of these changes are totally different:
      contrary to other drugs the standard dose of a diuretic must have less saliuretic
      effect instead of more effect. This thesis is supported by the results of
      experiments with furosemide in old patients: the kinetics are changed as
      expected, leading to higher plasma levels and increased Area Under the (plasma
      level versus time) Curve (AUC), but the effects are--dependent on renal function-
      decreased. To a certain degree kinetics and dynamics of furosemide can be
      explained and predicted on the basis of simple patient parameters. If diuretics
      are used in old people to treat congestive heart failure, the normal adult dose
      has to be used, and occasionally a larger dose has to be given.

PMID- 6831751
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in children: experiences with tracheotomy and intubation.
AB  - Acute epiglottitis is one of the most serious and potentially fatal conditions
      dealt with in paediatric laryngology. The infectious agent is mostly Haemophilus
      influenzae. An active and planned treatment to secure the airway is necessary to
      reduce the morbidity and mortality. The 'watch and wait' attitude should be
      abandoned. Tracheotomy or intubation should be performed. Mostly literature today
      is in favour of intubation. However, both tracheotomy and intubation can be used,
      and if properly managed the complication rate with both methods is low. This
      series comprised 102 children of whom 79 were tracheotomized and 23 were
      intubated. No differences could be found between intubation or tracheotomy time
      (2.3 and 2.9 days respectively) or in hospital stay (6.7 and 6 days). The
      complication rate was low in both groups except for subcutaneous and mediastinal
      emphysema in the tracheotomy group but these did not cause any serious problems.

PMID- 6831752
TI  - Chemotherapy of head and neck tumours: where do we stand at present?

PMID- 6831754
TI  - Role of retraction pockets in cholesteatoma formation.
AB  - Temporal bones were obtained from 100 routine cases at post mortem who died of
      causes other than otological. The tympanic membranes were examined under the
      operating microscope and retraction pockets were seen and photographed in 12
      cases. Radiological examination of these 12 mastoid bones showed a sclerotic
      mastoid in 8 cases. On serial histopathological examination of the temporal bones
      there was evidence of old or recent chronic otitis media in each case. In 3 cases
      a sac with a narrow neck leading to the retraction pocket was seen. In 2 cases
      squamous epithelial 'pearls' in close proximity to the retraction pockets were
      seen. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of retraction
      pockets and cholesteatoma is discussed.

PMID- 6831753
TI  - Post-traumatic cholesteatoma.

PMID- 6831755
TI  - Role of anaerobes in chronic otitis media.
AB  - A mixed bacterial flora of aerobic and anaerobic organisms can be isolated from
      the mucopurulent discharge in nearly 50% of individuals with active chronic
      otitis media. The role of the anaerobic flora has never been defined. A total of
      33 patients with a mixed bacterial flora were treated with metronidazole alone or
      in combination with systemic antibiotics. The anaerobic flora was eliminated in
      15 of 23 compliant individuals but the ears remained clinically active or mucoid
      in all. Anaerobic organisms would appear unlikely to be the primary pathogen in
      active chronic otitis media. Metronidazole alone or in combination with systemic
      antibiotics would also appear to be an ineffective medical treatment of active
      chronic otitis media as none of the 23 ears became inactive.

PMID- 6831756
TI  - Squamous carcinoma of the head and neck: the untreated patient.
AB  - One thousand, nine hundred and seventy-seven patients with squamous carcinoma of
      the head and neck are reviewed with particular reference to the patients not
      treated. The commonest reason for not treating the patients was that the tumour
      was too extensive (55%). A further 36% were too old or infirm to be considered
      fit for radical treatment, and 9% of patients refused treatment. Treated and
      untreated patients were compared for age, sex, site of the primary and TNM stage.
      The proportion of patients untreated varied according to site of the primary
      tumour, with 25% of pharangeal tumours being the highest proportional
      representation. Median survival for untreated patients was 88 days; survival time
      was significantly related to sex, T stage of primary tumour and patient's general
      condition.

PMID- 6831757
TI  - Formal analysis of dysmorphism: objective methods of syndrome definition.
AB  - A set of descriptors was developed and used to code patients with 4p or 9p
      monosomy or trisomy, "blind" as to their karyotype. Techniques of numerical
      taxonomy were used to classify the patients on the basis of their phenotypic
      resemblance. As expected, the results confirm strong phenotype-karyotype
      correlations. When cytogenetic interpretations are uncertain, the phenotypic
      findings may confirm or refute the interpretations. The approach has practical
      implications, providing further knowledge of phenotypic effects of specific
      chromosomal segments, which will aid cytogeneticists in their search for
      karyotypic defects. More important, the results also serve as an excellent model
      for developing strategies for the classification of syndromes of unknown
      etiology.

PMID- 6831759
TI  - Spongy degeneration of the brain in Israel: a retrospective study.
AB  - Spongy degeneration of the brain is a rare autosomal recessive disorder found
      predominantly in Ashkenazi Jews. In a recent review, 48 families were found to be
      affected with this disease. This report deals with a survey of this condition in
      Israel between the years 1965-1980. Eleven families with 17 affected children
      were ascertained. All records on these patients were reviewed and each family was
      visited. All the families were Jewish, comprising 7 Ashkenazi, 1 Sephardi, 2
      Oriental and 1 mixed Ashkenazi-Oriental family. Parental consanguinity was noted
      only in the Sephardi and Oriental families, suggesting the rareness of the gene
      in these populations, versus its relatively more frequent occurrence among
      Ashkenazi Jews. Various clinical and histopathological findings observed in our
      study are compared to those reported in the literature.

PMID- 6831760
TI  - The hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome.

PMID- 6831758
TI  - Autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Clinical variability.
AB  - The autosomal dominant form of craniometaphyseal dysplasia was ascertained in
      three members of a Mexican family. The clinical and radiological features of the
      affected members are described and the variability of the condition is
      emphasized. The proband has striking cranial changes, but moderate long bone
      abnormalities; the father and the sister, who had mild cranial changes, showed
      the characteristic metaphyseal widening.

PMID- 6831762
TI  - Fetal mortality and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
AB  - Analysis of fetal mortality in sibships of 406 probands with cleft lip with or
      without cleft palate (CL(P)) indicates that the incidence of fetal mortality is
      significantly greater in sibships of probands with bilateral CL(P) than in those
      of unilateral CL(P). The difference is even greater when fetal mortality in
      sibships of male probands with unilateral CL(P) is compared with that of female
      probands with bilateral CL(P). These findings support a multifactorial two
      threshold concept in which a lower level of liability results in clefting while a
      higher level of liability causes fetal mortality.

PMID- 6831761
TI  - High resolution chromosome banding in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.
AB  - We studied eight cases of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome to determine if a
      detectable chromosome change is associated with this syndrome. High resolution G
      banded analysis of prometaphase chromosomes was carried out on venous blood with
      two to four karyotypes analyzed for each patient. Initial study of two patients
      suggested an abnormality in chromosome 15q, but blinded analysis and review of
      the karyotypes proved to be normal. Therefore, all eight patients had normal G
      banded prometaphase chromosome studies. Because of technical difficulties and
      observer bias, we urge caution in using high resolution chromosome studies to
      screen whole karyotypes for suspected abnormalities.

PMID- 6831766
TI  - Polycystic disease of liver: an entity of its own or not?

PMID- 6831767
TI  - Recessive gonadal dysgenesis.

PMID- 6831763
TI  - In vitro growth characteristics of skin fibroblasts from patients with
      adenomatosis of the colon and rectum and their relatives.
AB  - Sub-epidermal biopsies from normal-appearing skin of the upper arm were obtained
      from patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and their
      relatives. A total of 78 different fibroblast cell strains were tested for their
      in vitro growth characteristics (plating efficiency, cloning efficiency, growth
      rate, ability to grow in low-serum medium, cultural morphology, anchorage
      dependency, contact inhibition at saturation density). The cell strains included
      6 from patients with Gardner's syndrome, 25 from patients with ACR without
      Gardner's syndrome, 9 from "at risk" relatives, and 38 from healthy relatives who
      were not at an increased risk for ACR. No consistent growth differences were
      found between the cell strains from the different groups. Instead, this material
      provides a "normal standard" for in vitro growth characteristics of human skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6831765
TI  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes and plasma dopamine-B
      hydroxylase activity in familial Minimal Brain Dysfunction.

PMID- 6831764
TI  - Correlation between testicular tissue and H-Y phenotype in intersex patients.

PMID- 6831770
TI  - Platelet serotonin release by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated by
      cotton dust bacteria.

PMID- 6831768
TI  - Stimulation of murine macrophage cathepsin B by serum from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis: an indicator of disease activity.
AB  - Cultures of non-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as a test system
      to study the effect of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on intra
      cellular cathepsin B activity of macrophages. Sequential sera obtained during and
      after pregnancy from six RA patients, and sera from six actively ill, non
      pregnant RA patients were compared to six healthy female controls and 3rd
      trimester healthy women. Sera from actively ill RA patients (both pregnant and
      non-pregnant) caused macrophage cathepsin B levels significantly above normal
      controls, while intra-cellular activities of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl
      glucosaminidase did not differ from the controls. A significant correlation
      between activity of RA and intracellular cathepsin B was found in pregnant
      patients. It is suggested that a factor (or factors) present in serum from
      patients with active RA causes a rise of intracellular cathepsin B in
      macrophages.

PMID- 6831769
TI  - The idiotypic specificities of lymphocytes in human monoclonal gammopathies:
      analysis with the fluorescence activated cell sorter.
AB  - Four monoclonal IgG kappa gammopathies were studied with anti-idiotypic sera and
      the percentage of lymphocytes bearing such idiotypes was evaluated with a
      fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). A large percentage (10-15%) of
      peripheral lymphocytes bearing receptors with the same idiotypic specificities as
      the M component was observed in multiple myeloma (MM) and in monoclonal
      gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), suggesting a malignant origin for
      both these diseases. Capping-endocytosis and resynthesis experiments showed that
      these idiotypic receptors were not simply adsorbed on the cell membrane, but
      actually synthesized by the cells bearing them. Experiments performed after
      effective conventional chemotherapy showed a strong reduction of the idiotypic
      compartment in only one MM patient.

PMID- 6831773
TI  - Inhibition of complement-dependent phagocytosis by monocytes following pre
      incubation with immune complexes and interaction with plasma.
AB  - Normal monocytes have been pre-incubated with soluble immune complexes (IC) (BSA
      anti-BSA) or heat-aggregated human IgG (AHG) (ICs) at pathophysiological
      concentrations. If these 'IC-monocytes' are allowed to interact with plasma they
      show reduced phagocytosis of Candida guilliermondii targets. Under the pre
      incubation conditions used, 2% of offered ICs remain cell associated and their
      binding to monocytes is energy-independent and complement-independent. At these
      low concentrations of ICs, only C3-dependent phagocytosis is inhibited, although
      Fc-dependent phagocytosis is inhibited at high concentrations of AHG. Inhibition
      of C3-dependent phagocytosis requires a critical concentration of plasma (greater
      than or equal to 2%), complement C3, and functionally intact classical and
      alternative complement pathways. The observations could be explained by blockade
      or modulation of C3 receptors by IC associated C3b or by an effect on ingestion.
      The abnormality induced in normal monocytes in vitro closely resembles that found
      in monocytes from patients with active IC disease.

PMID- 6831771
TI  - Early pregnancy factor is an immunosuppressive contaminant of commercial
      preparations of human chorionic gonadotrophin.
AB  - Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a pregnancy associated substance detected in
      human serum and urine throughout the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. It
      has also been detected in several commercial preparations of human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG). The various molecular weight forms of EPF which occur in
      human pregnancy serum, urine and commercial hCG preparations have been partially
      characterized and found to be similar to each other but distinct from hCG.
      Further evidence is presented which suggests that it is EPF rather than hCG which
      is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of some crude hCG preparations.

PMID- 6831777
TI  - Effect of hemodialysis on cardiac performance and transmural myocardial
      perfusion.
AB  - The effects of hemodialysis on cardiac performance and myocardial oxygen balance
      were evaluated by impedance cardiography in 16 patients with end-stage renal
      failure treated with regular hemodialysis. Cardiac symptoms and/or failure were
      present in 8 patients (group A) whereas 8 patients (group B) had no signs of
      heart dysfunction. The hemodialysis were carried out without ultrafiltration so
      that the body weight was the same before and after dialysis. The two groups did
      not differ significantly with regard to either biochemical values or hemodynamic
      parameters before dialysis. During dialysis mean cardiac output (CO) increased
      significantly 7.1 +/- 2.8 l/min to 9.1 +/- 3.6 l/min (P less than 0.01), mainly
      in patients group A, and was maximum after 90 min. The myocardial oxygen balance
      estimated from the supply/demand ratio (DPTI/SPTI) was significantly reduced
      after 20 min from 1.14 +/- 0.16 to 0.99 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.01). After 60 min
      DPTI/SPTI decreased to its lowest value due to an excess of myocardial oxygen
      demand (SPTI) over myocardial oxygen supply (DPTI), signifying a transitory
      underperfusion of the subendocardium which occurred mainly in patients with
      cardiac failure (group A). Mean arterial blood pressure remained unchanged
      whereas mean heart rate increased significantly after 90 min and remained raised
      throughout the rest of dialysis (78.8 +/- 10.4 bpm to 87.1 +/- 12.6 bpm [P less
      than 0.01]). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was decreased significantly after
      5 min (P less than 0.01), but subsequent falls were not significant. Changes in
      the DPTI/SPTI ratio showed that the improvement in left ventricular performance
      was at the expense of myocardial oxygen balance, which caused a greater incidence
      of myocardial underperfusion, particularly in patients with cardiac failure.

PMID- 6831775
TI  - Ultrashort hemodiafiltration: efficiency and hemodynamic tolerance.
AB  - During hemodiafiltration, solutes are removed simultaneously by diffusion and
      convection. Increase of the fraction removed by diffusion, by using large surface
      area hemodiafilters, allows a further reduction of treatment time by
      hemodiafiltration. To assess the efficiency and biochemical safety of ultrashort
      treatment (mean duration 3 X 105 +/- 14 min/week) six patients (age 22-64) have
      been observed for six months. There were no differences in the clinical state or
      in the biochemical parameters compared to those found during the preceding
      hemodialysis period (3 X 240 min/week). In a second study, hemodynamic
      measurements in six individual patients aged 34-72 have been compared during a 90
      min ultrashort hemodiafiltration (90 min) and during a 240 min hemodialysis.
      Circulatory stability was maintained during hemodiafiltration despite a rate of
      fluid removal that was 2.5 times that which occurred during hemodialysis. During
      both techniques there was a reduction of stroke volume and an adequate
      norepinephrine-induced rise of peripheral resistance. Plasma levels of
      vasopressin did not change during treatment. There were no differences in the
      frequency and quality of premature ventricular beats between the two treatments.
      The data from the two studies suggests that ultrashort hemodiafiltration (3 X 1.5
      2 hr/week) provides biochemical safety as well as hemodynamic stability.

PMID- 6831772
TI  - Studies of mononuclear phagocyte function in the rat. I. Saturation and recovery
      following intravenous administration of soluble human serum albumin (HSA)--anti
      HSA complexes.
AB  - We have attempted to demonstrate saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system
      (MPS) in the Long Evans rat following intravenous administration of increasing
      doses of soluble HSA--125I-anti-HSA complexes. The fate of large (greater than
      11S) complexes was followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of
      serial serum samples in rats receiving 0.005-0.16 mg anti-HSA/g body weight.
      Administration of complexes provoked a rapid and profound increase in vascular
      permeability. Under these conditions no steady state clearance velocity for
      greater than 11S complexes could be established. The quantity of greater than 11S
      complexes removed from the circulation in the 1st hr never became independent of
      the initial dose. Specific immune complex uptake by the liver reached a maximum
      in rats receiving 0.09 mg anti-HSA/g body weight. Above this dose specific uptake
      decreased. Clearance of a tracer dose of complexes in rats pre-loaded with
      complexes containing 0.06 mg anti-HSA/g body weight was delayed for more than 3
      hr. This was cautiously interpreted to indicate the period required for MPS
      recovery. The pattern of immune complex clearance in the context of marked
      changes in vascular permeability raised the possibility that maximum uptake was
      determined not by saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system but by impaired
      hepatic perfusion.

PMID- 6831779
TI  - Shunt nephritis: report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - We report two cases of glomerulonephritis associated with infection of
      cerebrospinal fluid shunts inserted for the treatment of hydrocephalus and
      comment an another 70 cases reported in the world literature. Although infection
      of CSF shunts is common, the development of glomerulonephritis is rare. Non
      pathogenic bacteria are the commonest infecting organisms. Antibiotics are
      generally ineffective in eradicating the infection and the glomerulonephritis,
      but removal of the shunt is usually, though not always, associated with complete
      resolution of the renal disease.

PMID- 6831780
TI  - Oliguric acute renal failure after treatment with sulfinpyrazone.

PMID- 6831778
TI  - Toxic anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.
AB  - After intense exposure to herbicides and insecticides, a farmer developed a
      rapidly progressive anti GBM glomerulonephritis, which led to terminal renal
      failure without pulmonary involvement. The etiologic role of the toxic compounds
      is suggested by the close temporal relationship between the exposure and the
      nephritis and further supported by the occurrence of similar cases after solvent
      exposure and by epidemiological studies. The diagnosis of rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis should be considered in the presence of toxic acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 6831776
TI  - Evidence for the in situ origin of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis:
      glomerular localization of endostreptosin and the clinical significance of the
      subsequent antibody response.

PMID- 6831781
TI  - The clinical diagnosis of nonanginal chest pain: the differentiation of angina
      from nonanginal chest pain by history.
AB  - For the first time an attempt has been made to systematize nonanginal pain
      questions so that physicians will ask the nonanginal questions and not simply
      divide all angina-like symptoms into the two categories of typical and atypical
      angina. A definite nonanginal chest pain category is defended with the
      possibility of avoiding diagnoses such as "atypical chest pain" or "atypical
      angina." Confidence in diagnosing chest pains as nonanginal can be attained if
      attention is paid to new criteria for duration, the effect of respiration, arm or
      chest movement, local compression, and body position. Because of this novel
      approach to the diagnosis of chest pain, it has become necessary to point out
      many of the pitfalls into which the unwary may fall with each nonanginal
      question.

PMID- 6831774
TI  - Ten years clinical nephrology.

PMID- 6831783
TI  - Correlation between R-wave amplitude and left ventricular volume at rest and with
      exercise.
AB  - In 52 patients with exercise angiography (12 normals, 31 with coronary heart
      disease, 9 with congestive cardiomyopathy) exercise ECGs were examined for R-wave
      changes. An increasing R-wave amplitude was found an insensitive sign of ischemia
      in patients with coronary heart disease (sensitivity 29%, specificity 81%).
      Sensitivity and specificity of the observed ST depression in this study were 83%
      and 71%, respectively, as reported by others. There was no positive correlation
      between the changes in the R-wave amplitude and left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume during exercise, thus there was no proof of the existence of the so-called
      Brody effect in humans.

PMID- 6831782
TI  - Coronary hemodynamic data in ischemic heart disease according to ischemic
      behavior during pacing.
AB  - In order to study the circulatory changes induced by maximal atrial pacing in
      coronary patients, coronary sinus blood flow (CBF) measured by continuous
      thermodilution, lactate extraction coefficient (K), arteriovenous difference in
      oxygen (AVO2 diff), and aortic blood pressure (BP) were measured at basal state
      and at maximal heart rate (HRmax) in 11 patients without coronary disease (group
      I) and in 28 patients with severe coronary lesions, divided into two groups
      according to the absence (group IIa) or the presence (group IIb) of chest pain
      and ST-segment depression at HRmax X K was inverted in group IIb (24 +/- 17% vs 
      23 +/- 39%, p less than 0.001), but remained unchanged in group I and group IIa.
      Despite similar HRmax, percent increase in CBF was significantly lower in group
      IIb (54 +/- 34%), than in group I (113 +/- 54%, p less than 0.01). This contrasts
      with the higher values of the product of heart rate times systolic blood pressure
      (HR X SBP) as well as of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in group IIb. The
      decrease in coronary resistances was lower in group IIb than in group I (p less
      than 0.001), and also lower than in group IIa (p less than 0.05). The ratio MVO2
      X CBF/systolic BP X HRmax was significantly lowered only in group IIb (p less
      than 0.001) confirming the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen
      demand. In coronary patients, myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing is
      related to an insufficient increase in CBF, well evidenced by continuous
      thermodilution.

PMID- 6831784
TI  - Reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing fungal
      endocarditis.
AB  - Although the techniques of M-mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography
      (echo) have been found to be useful in patients with bacterial endocarditis, the
      2D findings of fungal endocarditis are not known. In this report, we present the
      case of a young female narcotic addict with Candida albicans endocarditis in whom
      we diagnosed a large vegetation by 2D echo. Decision for surgery was made solely
      on the basis of the 2D-echo findings. We feel that 2D-echo findings are reliable
      in diagnosing fungal endocarditis because, with this technique, the size, shape,
      mobility, and exact location of the vegetation can be better identified than by
      the M-mode echo. In addition, early diagnosis of fungal endocarditis helps in
      treating the patients with medical and surgical therapy which may result in lower
      mortality.

PMID- 6831785
TI  - Total coronary occlusion in chronic coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6831787
TI  - Accuracy of various techniques in the measurement of the duration of the Q wave:
      a possible source of error in diagnosing myocardial infarction by
      electrocardiography.
AB  - The method of measuring the width of the Q wave on electrocardiogram is one of
      the variables contributing to conflicting findings regarding the accuracy of the
      ECG in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. This study assesses the accuracy
      of a variety of methods of measuring the width of the Q wave recorded by direct
      writing electrocardiographic instruments. The assessment was made by comparing
      the width of the Q wave as inscribed by thermal direct-writing
      electrocardiographs to the width of the Q wave as measured from an oscilloscopic
      display, the latter representing the "true" width of the Q wave. The measurement
      of the width as obtained from the upper edge of the tracing obtained with direct
      writing electrocardiographs underestimated the true width of the Q wave, while
      the opposite was the case by measuring the width along the lower edge of the
      tracing. The most reliable ways to obtain the true width of the Q wave are: (1)
      to average the measurements as obtained along the upper and lower edge, (2) to
      measure the width along an ideal line in the middle of the tracing, or (3) to
      measure the width along the trailing edge of the deflection.

PMID- 6831786
TI  - Suppression of ventricular arrhythmia by acebutolol.

PMID- 6831788
TI  - Proximal left anterior descending coronary heart disease and complex ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - In this study, 87 consecutive patients with angiographically proven coronary
      artery disease (CAD, stenosis greater than 75%) underwent 24-h Holter monitoring,
      76 of them having had transmural myocardial infarction, a mean of five months
      before evaluation. Of the total, 51 patients showed single-vessel disease, in 31
      (61%) of them with involvement of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. In
      26 patients with proximal LAD stenosis or occlusion and usually large aneurysms
      and subsequently impaired left ventricular function relatively low prevalence of
      significant ventricular premature contraction (VPC, Lown greater than or equal to
      III) was seen. On the contrary in 19 patients with multivessel disease and
      proximal LAD stenosis advanced forms of VPCs were present in 63% (p less than
      0.01). Further both groups differed significantly in the frequency of
      postinfarction angina (30% vs. 100%; p less than 0.001) and their incidence in
      positive exercise stress tests (15% vs. 84%; p less than 0.001). Ejection
      fractions were comparable in both groups (mean 45% vs. 52%). Finally 17 patients
      with multivessel disease but without proximal LAD lesion did not differ in any of
      the above mentioned parameters, when compared to the patients with single-vessel
      disease and proximal LAD stenosis. We conclude that impaired left ventricular
      function does not sufficiently explain the high risk of sudden death in
      postmyocardial infarction patients. The coronary and functional status of the
      surviving myocardium has to be taken into consideration as well.

PMID- 6831789
TI  - Noninvasive markers of intravenous streptokinase coronary thrombolysis.
AB  - Early creatine kinase (CK) enzyme peaking, rapid electrocardiographic (EKG)
      changes toward normal, reperfusion arrhythmias, pain disappearance, and
      201thallium myocardial scintigraphy appear useful to identify the success or
      failure of intravenous (i.v.) thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI). Most patients with AMI are treated currently in
      community hospitals which do not possess coronary angiographic capabilities.
      Recent evidence indicates that early intravenous streptokinase results in
      coronary thrombolysis in the majority of patients treated. A composite of
      noninvasive markers of coronary reperfusion was assessed in two similar patients
      with transmural AMI. One received intravenous streptokinase (STK) 750,000 U 90
      min after AMI onset; the other received intracoronary (i.c.) STK 4000 U/min 140
      min after onset. Within one hour each showed a sudden change in elevated EKG ST
      segments toward normal, followed by frequent premature ventricular beats and pain
      disappearance. Posttreatment angiograms documented recanalization of each infarct
      related artery. Early CK peaking occurred at 10 hours after the onset of chest
      pain in the first patient and at 12 hours in the second. This contrasts with
      delayed CK peaking at 26.4 hours among 384 patients reviewed with untreated AMI.
      Early CK peaking appears the most accurate indirect marker of successful coronary
      thrombolysis.

PMID- 6831791
TI  - The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) reaction. III. Lymphocyte,
      neutrophil and monocyte cytotoxic activity as a function of the alloantibodies
      and erythrocyte target cells in the human allogeneic ADCC assay.
AB  - The sera of a number of individuals containing anti-A and anti-B antibodies were
      investigated for their ability to sensitize group AB, Rh positive erythrocytes to
      lysis by allogeneic circulating cells in the allogeneic ADCC assay. There was no
      correlation between the hemagglutination titer and the capacity to mediate ADCC
      lysis. Only IgG, and not IgM, alloantibodies could mediate this cytotoxic
      activity. A number of the alloantisera facilitated cytotoxic activity by
      lymphocytes whereas other alloantisera facilitated lysis by monocytes and not
      lymphocytes. All of the alloantisera tested sensitized the target erythrocytes to
      lysis by neutrophils. It is concluded that one cannot predict whether the
      lymphocyte or the monocyte will be the cytotoxic mononuclear cell in the human
      allogeneic ADCC assay since the alloantibodies, apparently directed toward the
      presumed identical surface structures on the identical target cells, can
      nevertheless preferentially impart cytotoxic activity to either of these 2 cells.
      The mechanism whereby the antibodies determine whether lymphocytes or monocytes
      will be the cytotoxic cells can only be conjectured upon at the present time.

PMID- 6831790
TI  - Turnover of free and conjugated serum catecholamines during hemodialysis.
AB  - The response of the catecholaminergic system was evaluated in uremic patients
      maintained on a chronic outpatient hemodialysis (HD) program. Serum concns of
      free and conjugated catecholamines (CA) were measured prior to and following HD
      and in response to upright posture, and were compared to values obtained in a
      normal group of individuals submitted to the same stimuli. Before HD, the level
      of free plasma dopamine (DA) (155 +/- 58 pg ml-1) was comparable to that of
      normal individuals (38 +/- 12 pg ml-1) due to the large number of individuals of
      the 2 groups having undetectable serum levels. Free norepinephrine (NE) and
      epinephrine (E) serum levels were higher, before HD, in uremic patients (301 +/-
      31 and 139 +/- 43 pg ml-1) than in normal individuals (206 +/- 14 and 34 +/- 4 pg
      ml-1). Serum concns of the 3 forms of conjugated CA, before HD, in uremic
      patients were markedly elevated (35,800, 9644 and 1374 pg ml-1 for DA, NE and
      EPI, respectively), compared to those in normal individuals (1885, 1374 and 65 pg
      ml-1). Only the serum level of free NE was elevated (from 301 to 600 pg ml-1) due
      to the rapid fluid loss that occurs during HD. On the other hand, a drastic
      decrease in the serum level of conjugated DA (16,020 vs 35,794 pg ml-1), NE (4282
      vs 10,596 pg ml-1) and E (688 vs 1294 pg ml-1) occurred during HD. It is
      suggested that uremic patients lose their normal catecholaminergic response to
      upright posture at the end of HD treatment as a result of a progressive depletion
      of their free CA storage that cannot be supplemented from the large quantity of
      conjugated CA still available in the serum under such circumstances.

PMID- 6831796
TI  - Anterior interosseous nerve palsy associated with a Monteggia fracture. A case
      report.

PMID- 6831793
TI  - [Incidence of arterial hypertension in the Quebec region].
AB  - The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of high blood
      pressure (HBP) in Quebec suburbs and evaluate age, baseline blood pressure level
      and overweight as determinants of future hypertension. From a cohort of 4828 men,
      aged 35-64, screened in 1974, 1090 normotensives (blood pressure less than 160/95
      mmHg without medication) free of cardiovascular disease were re-evaluated in 1979
      1980. Among these 1090 men, 183 have developed a blood pressure greater than or
      equal to 160/95 mmHg or less than 160/95 mmHg associated with antihypertensive
      medication. There was no significant variation of the incidence by age (10-year
      strata). In the group of subjects with a baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP)
      between 140 and 159 mmHg the incidence of systolic hypertension was 6.3 times
      higher than in the group with baseline SBP less than 140 mmHg. Similarly, in the
      group of subjects with a baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 90 and
      94 mmHg the incidence of diastolic hypertension was 3 times higher than in the
      group with a baseline DBP less than 90 mmHg. The incidence of HBP was correlated
      with overweight. Furthermore overweight was a highly prevalent risk factor in the
      study population. In summary, the incidence of HBP is 169 per 1000 in 5 years.
      Baseline blood pressure and overweight are strong determinants of a future HBP
      and can be used to identify the high risk subgroup.

PMID- 6831794
TI  - Hereditary lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Report of 2 new cases
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Two new cases of hereditary lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      deficiency in a brother and sister born to consanguinous parents are reported.
      Both have corneal opacity, splenomegaly and mild hemolytic anemia. The brother,
      the older of the 2, also has significant proteinuria. The literature dealing with
      reported cases of hereditary LCAT deficiency and the clinical, pathological,
      diagnostic and management aspects of the disorder are reviewed.

PMID- 6831795
TI  - Clinical and pathologic correlations in traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis.
AB  - Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis ("hangman's fracture") occurred in an 89
      year-old man who died of unrelated causes. Postmortem examination of the cervical
      spine revealed a correlation between the anatomic lesion and clinical treatment
      and prognosis. Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis has a high potential for
      union because it usually occurs through the superior facet joint, in an area of
      well vascularized spongy cancellous bone. Fracture through the thin cortical bone
      of the pars interarticularis, conversely, is predisposed to the development of a
      nonunion and, hence, may explain this condition. While hyperextension with
      compression or distraction appears to have caused the injury in some cases, axial
      compression with flexion was the cause in this case.

PMID- 6831797
TI  - Ruptures of the supraspinatus tendon. The significance of distally pointing
      acromioclavicular osteophytes.
AB  - The association between distally pointing osteophytes of the acromioclavicular
      joint and ruptures of the supraspinatus tendon was investigated by two different
      methods. In a radiologic study, 47 images of shoulders with arthrographically
      confirmed supraspinatus tendon ruptures were reviewed and compared with 50 images
      of shoulders without ruptures. Fifty-one percent of the shoulders with
      supraspinatus tendon ruptures had osteophytes, as compared with 14% of the normal
      shoulders. A series of 170 autopsy specimens of the shoulder were also examined
      in detail; partial supraspinatus tendon ruptures were found in 32 and full
      thickness ruptures in 22 shoulders. Fifty-four percent of the shoulders with
      supraspinatus tendon ruptures had distally pointing acromioclavicular
      osteophytes, as compared with 10% of the normal shoulders. Bony spurs of the
      anterior acromial process were also encountered, but they were less frequent than
      the acromioclavicular osteophytes.

PMID- 6831799
TI  - Radiographic techniques for consistent visualization of total hip arthroplasties.
AB  - Using a chariot as a patient support system, it becomes possible to obtain
      consistent radiographic visualization of the hip. The chariot radiographs also
      allow for a more precise evaluation of the hip at follow-up visits. In most cases
      subsequent radiographs can be superimposed, differentiating between patient
      posture and biomechanical characteristics. The consistent patient positions and
      beam centering facilitate follow-up roentgenography with a higher degree of
      accuracy. True progression, particularly to a minor degree, can only be assessed
      with consistently reproducible positions for roentgenographic examinations. The
      chariot provides roentgenograms at a low cost and is a useful adjunct to
      diagnostic methods.

PMID- 6831800
TI  - A readily available improvised acetabular cement pressurizer.
AB  - A femoral head mounted onto a large corkscrew and enclosed in a rubber glove
      makes a readily available, costless, custom-made acetabular cement pressurizer
      for total hip surgery. For the vast majority of total hip arthroplasties, this
      procedure allows leak-proof acetabular cement pressurizing that is superior to
      any commercially available instrument.

PMID- 6831798
TI  - The psycho-flexed hand.
AB  - Five mentally disturbed patients had flexion contractures of the middle, ring,
      and little fingers of one or both hands. All gave a history of psychiatric
      illness manifested by depression. Since no organic etiology for the contractures
      was found, the authors name this condition the "psycho-flexed hand." Four of the
      five patients were middle-aged women who suffered long-term depression,
      hypochondriasis, and/or schizophrenia. The patients' severely contracted fingers
      often macerated the palm. Manipulation under anesthesia and splinting only
      temporarily relieved the contractures. Multiple complications occurred following
      splinting and hand therapy, as well as surgery. Therefore, caution is urged when
      attempting surgical correction before resolving the mental illness.

PMID- 6831792
TI  - Cardiac rhythm in sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 6831802
TI  - The effects of exercise, ice, and ultrasonography on torsional laxity of the
      knee.
AB  - Changes in torsional knee laxity, after subjects ran 3.5 miles during a 30-minute
      period, were studied in 13 subjects. The effects of ice and ultrasonographic
      treatments on these laxity changes were then investigated. Knee laxity was
      determined by measuring torque versus rotation responses of the tibia at 90
      degrees of knee flexion. Total rotational laxity of the tibia was tabulated at +/
      10 newton-meters of applied torque. There were significant increases in
      postexercise laxities over preexercise levels for internal and external tibial
      rotation. Postexercise laxity changes followed a uniform time course of recovery.
      The maximum postexercise laxity represented a mean increase of 14% over pre
      exercise levels, with a mean recovery time of 52.4 minutes and a standard
      deviation of 17.8 minutes. The application of ten-minute treatments of either ice
      or ultrasonography significantly reduced postexercise recovery times, to 20.0 +/-
      4.6 SD and 20.9 +/- 6.4 SD, respectively. A common clinical assumption, that cold
      and heat have opposite effects on knee laxity, was found invalid. In the authors'
      study, ice and ultrasonography had equivalent effects in accelerating the return
      to pre-exercise laxities. No laxity changes were observed in unexercised
      subjects, with either ice or ultrasonographic treatments. The time course of
      laxity recovery and the subsequent effects of heat and ice are important
      clinically. Immediately after injury, both knees are more lax than normal, and
      after approximately one hour, recovery to pre-exercise laxity levels will be
      complete for the uninjured leg. Ice (or ultrasonography) will shorten this time
      to 20 minutes. If these recovery time courses are recognized and taken into
      account, a more accurate diagnosis can be made during this "golden opportunity"
      period before pain and swelling ensue. The fact that ice and ultrasonography have
      identical effects on the time course of recovery in the exercised knee raises new
      questions and suggests additional areas for future work in the recently
      developing field of sports medicine biomechanics.

PMID- 6831804
TI  - Professional behavior in the orthopedic resident. A method for evaluation and
      development.
AB  - The affective behavior of orthopedic residents may be the most important
      indicator of their ability to function as orthopedic surgeons. Seven years of
      personal observations were combined with the experience of more than 300
      participants in the Basic Course for Orthopaedic Educators, and recorded from the
      results of a recent questionnaire answered by members of the Association of
      Orthopaedic Chairmen. The affective domain was found to supply the answers to
      most of the problems of orthopedic residents. An evaluation of affective behavior
      early in the residency program may help to determine residents' suitability for a
      career in orthopedic surgery.

PMID- 6831803
TI  - A new method of measuring bone density in the lower tibia of normal and
      postinjury limbs. A quantitative and comparative study.
AB  - In osteoporosis, a pathologic state of diminution of bone mass, radiography is
      the most widely used diagnostic method, but it is only descriptive and mainly
      depicts changes in the compacta. Based on the Compton photon-scattering
      phenomenon, a noninvasive yet quantitative measuring method for analyzing bone
      density was developed. The values of repeated measurements taken at identical
      locations did not vary by more than 2%. Using this technique, bone density of the
      lower tibia was measured in 39 men and 36 women; 14 had been affected by an
      injury to a knee or calf and immobilized five to eight years prior to this
      investigation. The measured values demonstrated an impressive equality between
      the tibiae of each individual and between the two sexes up to 50 years of age.
      However, these values correlated poorly with the bone density of the distal
      radius. In women older than 50 years of age, bone density decreased. Bone density
      was also low in all postinjury limbs. When compared with radiographic and bone
      mineral content (BMC) measurements of the same limb at the same location, the
      bone density measurements were useful and reduced the range of uncertainty of
      diagnosing osteoporosis by radiography only. Little or no correlation was found
      between bone density values and BMC measurements. The Compton scattering
      technique may become a precise and sensitive method for the clinical diagnosis of
      postinjury osteoporosis and quantitation of the long-term effects of limb
      injuries.

PMID- 6831806
TI  - Investigational approaches to articular cartilage preservation.
AB  - A brief review of articular cartilage preservation identifies several directions
      and concerns for modern investigators. First, storage of intact cartilage in such
      solutions as alcohol, merthiolate, plasma, and saline may not be as good as
      storage in air. Second, viable cartilage appears to fare better than nonviable
      cartilage after transplantation. Third, freezing of isolated cartilage cells
      appears to be a satisfactory method for preserving viability, but the same may
      not be true for cartilage tissue slices, slivers, or explants. Fourth, tissue
      culture of slices seems to provide excellent preservation of cells in their
      matrix. Fifth, freezing of intact cartilage presents problems of water diffusion,
      as well as penetration of cryopreservative. Extremely slow freezing may provide
      an answer to these problems. Sixth, transplantation of isolated chondrocytes into
      cartilage defects does not seem to provide regeneration of articular cartilage,
      but transplantation of slices or larger pieces may restore a more normal
      appearance to the joint surface. Further investigation is obviously necessary and
      should continue to provide information and knowledge toward the goal of
      successful preservation of functional articular cartilage.

PMID- 6831805
TI  - Gas gangrene after intramuscular injection of adrenaline.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl incurred gas gangrene after intramuscular injection of
      adrenaline to the buttock. Clinical evidence of very severe pain at the site of
      injection with septicemia and collapse within 24 to 48 hours should arouse the
      suspicion of clostridial myositis rather than pyogenic infection. Early diagnosis
      and treatment by adequate excision of necrotic muscle (with a wide margin of
      normal-appearing muscle) can prevent loss of life or limb in these patients.

PMID- 6831801
TI  - Distal femoral fractures. Comparison of open and closed methods of treatment.
AB  - Ninety-eight distal femoral fractures were analyzed to compare open and closed
      treatment methods. Four radiographic groups were identified. Patients treated by
      open methods spent less time in the hospital, returned to prefracture activity
      sooner, had better functional results, and had a lower incidence of nonunions and
      complications. Thirty-eight of 47 fractures treated by open methods had good
      functional results. Only 18 of 51 fractures treated by closed methods had good
      functional results. Simple nondisplaced fractures were noted to have good results
      when treated by closed methods. Fractures of the distal femur, except the most
      simple cases, are best managed by open treatment methods.

PMID- 6831807
TI  - The effect of limb immobilization on muscle function and protein composition.
AB  - The treatment of skeletal injuries often requires immobilization for extended
      periods. Immobilization causes muscle disuse atrophy, which extends the duration
      of incapacitation following the healing of the skeletal injury. To evaluate the
      role of immobilization position on the skeletal muscle, an experimental study
      using an animal model was undertaken. Cats were divided into four groups, with
      one hind limb immobilized in a plaster spica cast such that the gastrocnemius and
      soleus muscles were held in either a stretched, shortened, or neutral position.
      After four weeks of immobilization, functional and quantitative assays of muscle
      tissue were obtained and correlated. The shortened muscles weighed less, had a
      lower total content and concentration of myofibrillar proteins (the contractile
      protein of muscle tissue), and generated less maximum tetanic tension than either
      the muscles held in neutral or stretched length position. Decreased maximum
      tetanic tension resulted from the preferential loss of contractile protein. The
      remaining myofibrillar protein in the shortened muscle showed contractile
      dysfunction. The ability to maintain initial twitch strength (an endurance
      function) for five minutes varied with position but was not statistically
      significant in this study. The data suggest that muscle maintained in a shortened
      position atrophies more rapidly, with greater loss in contractile function and
      myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins than the stretched and neutrally
      positioned muscles.

PMID- 6831811
TI  - Bone healing.

PMID- 6831810
TI  - Dysplasia and the effects of soft tissue release in congenital talipes
      equinovarus.
AB  - The anatomic abnormalities and the effects of serial release of soft tissue are
      described in seven stillborn fetal clubfeet. The essential anatomic abnormality
      is a dislocation of the talocalcaneonavicular joint, with dysplastic changes in
      the talus and less severe changes in the adjacent bones. By gradually releasing
      the structures contributing to the tether, the amount of correction of deformity
      was equated to three current types of surgical procedures: posterior release,
      posteromedial release, and a combined full subtalar, midtarsal, and posteromedial
      release. In severe deformities, only by using the third most extensive procedure
      is the navicular fully reduced onto the talar head, and the calcaneous rotated
      laterally and posteriorly with the cuboid to open the "scissors" of the hindfoot.
      The talonavicular joint, the calcaneocuboid and subtalar joints, and the lateral
      calcaneofibular ligament must be released to achieve this end. This experimental
      technique encompasses the release of many structures. With varying severity of
      deformity, a less extensive dissection may often be sufficient to achieve
      correction.

PMID- 6831809
TI  - Steroid-induced femoral head pressure changes and their response to lipid
      clearing agents.
AB  - In rabbits, cortisone increases marrow fat cell size and intrafemoral head
      pressure, produces systemic fatty embolization, and probably is one of the causes
      of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Clofibrate, a lipid-clearing agent,
      decreases the serum cholesterol level, reduces the marrow fat cell size changes,
      and decreases intrafemoral head pressure. This might be significant in improving
      femoral head venous outflow in long-term steroid-treated persons.

PMID- 6831808
TI  - Urinary elimination of glycosaminoglycans during the immobilization osteoporosis
      of spinal cord injury patients.
AB  - Urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were measured in 47 paraplegics, six
      tetraplegics, and ten control subjects. In two paraplegics, the GAG rates were
      compared with those of hydroxyprolinuria and calciuria during one year. The GAG
      excretion rate found during the first five months after spinal cord injury
      increased significantly, up to three or four times the normal rate. No
      significant differences were found between paraplegics and tetraplegics. This
      increase in glycosaminoglycanuria parallels the previously reported increase in
      hydroxyprolinuria. The formation of a neurogenic paraosteoarthropathy showed the
      highest increase in hydroxyprolinuria. These biochemical assessments reflect the
      modifications in the bone matrix and cutaneous tissue associated with
      immobilization osteoporosis in spinal cord injury patients.

PMID- 6831812
TI  - Experimental hemijoint and whole-joint transplantation.
AB  - Technically perfect autologous hemijoint transplants maintain biologic viability,
      although gradual deterioration of the joint surface may occur with the passage of
      long periods. Allogeneic transplants demonstrate varying degrees of degeneration,
      depending on the circumstances surrounding the procedure. Fresh allografts with a
      large amount of subchondral bone are rapidly rejected, with an immune response
      directed against both bony and cartilaginous components. Frozen allografts with a
      small amount of subchondral bone usually maintain the overall joint configuration
      for some time but then degenerate. In many instances the role of the immune
      system in rejection of joint transplants is difficult to define. The fate of
      whole nonvascularized knee joint transplants is comparable with that of
      hemitransplants. Although fresh autografts give the best results, the subchondral
      bone can collapse, and articular cartilage degenerates in some cases. Recent
      investigations of immediately revascularized canine whole knee transplants show
      that when the blood supply is maintained to the autograft, normal biologic
      function is sustained for as long as five years after grafting. When appropriate
      immunosuppression is used, successfully revascularized allografts survived for as
      long as 18 months. However, bony and cartilaginous necrosis occurs in focal
      areas. In any case, successfully revascularized osteochondral grafts are
      biologically superior to nonvascularized grafts.

PMID- 6831813
TI  - In-111 leukocyte scan in "diversion" colitis.

PMID- 6831814
TI  - The effects of chemotherapy on bony metastases as measured by quantitative
      skeletal imaging.
AB  - The effect of chemotherapy on bony metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon
      was investigated by quantitative skeletal imaging over a two-month interval. The
      quantitative skeletal imaging results correlated with conventional blood
      chemistry results over this time period. While chemical assay techniques furnish
      an average value of lesion response, the quantitative bone scan represents a
      method for individual lesion analysis. This methodology has the potential to
      provide a better understanding of metastatic bone disease therapy.

PMID- 6831815
TI  - Use of gallium scanning in predicting resolution of Legionnaires' pneumonia.
AB  - The value of Ga-67 scanning to detect acute infectious lung disease has been
      described. We present a patient who apparently improved both clinically and
      radiographically after acute Legionnaires' pneumonia. Five months later a relapse
      developed. During his relapse the pulmonary uptake of Ga-67 and the appearance of
      chest x-rays were disparate. We suggest that pulmonary Ga-67 uptake may be a more
      sensitive indicator of the resolution of pneumonia than is chest radiography.
      Therapeutic success may be assumed when pulmonary Ga-67 uptake is absent.

PMID- 6831816
TI  - In-111 leukocyte scanning and partial functional asplenia in a patient with
      Sezary syndrome.
AB  - Functional asplenia is described in the case report of an 80-year-old woman who
      was admitted with Sezary syndrome. The spleen could not be visualized by a Tc-99m
      tin colloid (SnC) liver and spleen scan, but was visualized by a Tc-99m sulfur
      colloid (SC) scan, suggesting a different mechanism in accumulation of SnC and SC
      in the spleen. In-111 oxine labeled Sezary cells could be found in the spleen,
      bone marrow, and lymph nodes.

PMID- 6831817
TI  - Bone and spleen lesions in systemic mastocytosis.

PMID- 6831818
TI  - I-123 breast uptake in a young primipara with postpartum transient
      thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6831819
TI  - Interaction between digoxin and calcium antagonists and antiarrhythmic drugs.
AB  - The influence of several calcium antagonists and antiarrhythmic drugs on digoxin
      kinetics and actions were investigated in 36 healthy men during digoxin steady
      state (0.375 mg/day). The subjects were randomly assigned to three subgroups and
      each group received placebo (control) and two of the following regimens (doses
      three times a day) in a randomized sequence for 2 wk each: verapamil (80 mg) and
      nifedipine (10 mg), verapamil (120 mg) and gallopamil (50 mg), or propafenone
      (150 mg) and quinidine (250 mg). Plasma digoxin concentration (PDC) rose during
      the cotreatments in the sequence: gallopamil (+16%) less than propafenone (+37%)
      less than nifedipine (+45%) less than verapamil (almost independent of dose,
      +69%) less than quinidine (+118%). These increases in PDC correlated closely to
      decreases in renal digoxin clearances. Renal creatinine clearance was virtually
      unaffected. The rise of PDC resulted in increased glycoside effects, as measured
      by the shortening of systolic time intervals and flattening of T wave. There was
      a linear correlation between PDC and changes in mean corrected electromechanical
      systole and T wave flattening. We conclude that, in addition to quinidine, other
      antiarrhythmic drugs and various calcium antagonists interact kinetically with
      digoxin and that the increasing PDCs are cardioactive.

PMID- 6831820
TI  - Interactions between digoxin and potassium-sparing diuretics.
AB  - A kinetic and hemodynamic study of digoxin was performed in six healthy subjects
      and similar studies were performed during digoxin with spironolactone and with
      triamterene. Spironolactone reduced renal tubular secretion of digoxin and
      attenuated its positive inotropic effect (evaluated by systolic time intervals
      and echocardiography) and triamterene reduced the extrarenal elimination of
      digoxin, but induced no changes in digoxin-elicited inotrophy. It is suggested
      that the renal handling of digoxin is influenced by the intracellular potassium
      concentration in the renal tubular cell. The results indicate a drug-receptor
      interaction between spironolactone metabolites and digoxin at the hypothetical
      inotropic digitalis receptor. Amiloride has been reported to suppress digoxin
      inotropism, whereas spironolactone induces minor inhibition and triamterene does
      not affect digoxin inotropism.

PMID- 6831821
TI  - Effects of desmethylimipramine on plasma norepinephrine, pulse, and blood
      pressure.
AB  - We followed the effects of a tricyclic antidepressant selective for
      norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibition, desmethylimipramine (DMI), on blood
      pressure, heart rate, and plasma NE level in healthy subjects. After a single
      oral dose of 100 mg DMI, supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure and supine
      and upright heart rate rose, and there was an increment in heart rate with
      standing. After long-term low doses of the drug (mean daily dosage 67.5 mg), the
      upright level and increment with standing in plasma NE also rose. Supine NE
      levels also rose after the long-term higher dose (mean daily dosage 125 mg). No
      differences in any measures were detected between the short- and the two long
      term dose levels of DMI. Our findings suggest that NE uptake inhibition induces
      physiologic elevation of NE concentration in the sympathetic neuroeffector
      region. A similar effect at synapses in the CNS might be involved in the
      mechanism of antidepressant action.

PMID- 6831822
TI  - An intra-arterial profile of methyldopa.
AB  - The "Oxford" system for intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was
      used to monitor the blood pressure profile in 24 patients with essential
      hypertension who had received no therapy for 4 wk. The responses to tilt and
      isometric and dynamic bicycle exercise were recorded. Following the baseline
      study patients received methyldopa 125 mg t.i.d., which was titrated to a maximum
      of 500 mg t.i.d. according to blood pressure responses. The mean daily dosage was
      1359 mg. Six weeks after the last dosage increment the experiment was repeated.
      Each patient was asked to take the total daily dosage once a day and the intra
      arterial monitoring program was repeated after another 6 wk. Mean daytime intra
      arterial blood pressure during three-times-daily dosing was reduced by 27/15 mm
      Hg; circadian curves were clearly separated during the day but not at night. Once
      daily dosing did not control blood pressure as well. There was no evidence of
      postural hypotension and the absolute pressure response was lowered during both
      isometric and dynamic exercise. These results are comparable to those from
      similar studies with alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor--blocking drugs.

PMID- 6831823
TI  - Chronopharmacology of amitriptyline.
AB  - Side effects of decreased salivation and sedation were more marked when a single
      dose of amitriptyline was taken orally in the morning than in the evening. These
      dynamic differences were due to alteration in kinetics. Absorption of the drug
      was more rapid in the morning, although other kinetic parameters, especially
      total bioavailability, were unchanged. Thus, in the case of this drug,
      chronopharmacologic differences were due to a change in rate of absorption. The
      present practice of giving a single dose of drug in the evening is justified on
      the basis that it induces fewer side effects without a loss in therapeutic
      efficacy.

PMID- 6831824
TI  - Effect of erythromycin on carbamazepine kinetics.
AB  - Two recent reports of carbamazepine-induced intoxication during concurrent
      therapy with macrolide antibiotics prompted us to perform a carefully controlled
      two-way cross-over study in eight healthy male nonsmokers. Treatment A was 250 mg
      erythromycin every 6 hr for 5 days before and 3 days after 400 mg carbamazepine.
      Treatment B was 400 mg of carbamazepine alone. One half of the subjects received
      treatment A, then B, while the other half received treatment B, then A. There was
      a 4-wk washout period between treatments. Plasma samples obtained at various
      times up to 72 hr after the carbamazepine dose were assayed in duplicate by HPLC.
      The data were fit to a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and
      elimination. Clearance of oral carbamazepine was lower in the presence of
      erythromycin (mean +/- SD, 0.290 +/- 0.074 and 0.360 +/- 0.072 1 X kg-1 X day-1).
      There were no differences in apparent volume of distribution (1.01 +/- 0.20 and
      1.04 +/- 0.12 1 X kg-1), elimination rate constant (0.302 +/- 0.113 and 0.348 +/-
      0.079 day-1), or absorption rate constant (14.5 +/- 8.7 and 15.5 +/- 16.6 day-1)
      between the two treatment groups. The decrease in clearance of oral carbamazepine
      secondary to erythromycin indicates that further clinical studies are warranted.

PMID- 6831826
TI  - Haloperidol kinetics after oral and intravenous doses.
AB  - Haloperidol kinetics were determined after oral and intravenous drug doses in 15
      men. Mean elimination t1/2 for the subjects was 17.9 +/- 6.4 (SD) hr. After 0.125
      mg/kg IV, mean distribution t1/2s in six subjects were 0.19 +/- 0.07 and 2 +/- 1
      hr, and in 12 subjects mean clearance was 11.8 +/- 2.9 ml/kg/min and mean steady
      state volume of distribution was 17.8 +/- 6.5 l/kg. After 0.50-mg/kg oral doses
      in eight subjects, mean lag time before drug absorption was 0.82 +/- 0.25 hr.
      Mean absorption t1/2 was 0.37 +/- 0.18 hr and mean distribution t1/2 was 0.96 +/-
      0.20 hr. Bioavailability was 0.65 +/- 0.14 after oral doses. In 14 kinetic
      studies in nine subjects, data was analyzed by both model-dependent (open two-
      and three-compartment models using nonlinear regression) and model-independent
      (AUC and first moment curve) approaches. Results of the two were found to be in
      close agreement. The long elimination t1/2 of haloperidol is explained by the
      drug's extensive tissue distribution.

PMID- 6831825
TI  - Reduction in oral penicillamine absorption by food, antacid, and ferrous sulfate.
AB  - Plasma levels of penicillamine, urinary recovery of penicillamine and its
      oxidized metabolites, and urinary excretion of copper were examined after single
      500-mg oral doses of penicillamine to six healthy men. Penicillamine was given
      after an overnight fast, a standard breakfast, and after antacid and ferrous
      sulfate. Following the fasting dose, the mean peak plasma level of 3.05
      micrograms/ml developed at 3.8 hr and the drug was cleared from plasma with a
      t1/2 of 2.1 hr. Penicillamine levels were reduced to 52%, 35%, and 66% of those
      from the fasting dose after food, ferrous sulfate, and antacid. The rates of
      penicillamine appearance and disappearance from plasma were essentially treatment
      independent. There were good correlations between urinary recovery of total
      penicillamine (r = 0.875), between urinary copper excretion (r = 0.758) and the
      penicillamine plasma concentration AUCs. The availability of oral penicillamine
      is very susceptible to interactions with other substances. Further studies may be
      necessary to assess the full clinical significance of these interactions.

PMID- 6831827
TI  - Verapamil plasma binding: relationship to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and drug
      efficacy.
AB  - The relationship between alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) plasma concentration and
      plasma verapamil binding was examined in samples obtained 15 minutes after 10 mg
      IV verapamil to 15 subjects. There was a good correlation (r = 0.83) between the
      binding ratio and AAG concentration, suggesting that AAG could bind verapamil.
      This was confirmed in vitro by the addition of AAG to an albumin solution, which
      resulted in a strong correlation between binding ratio (r = 0.99) and AAG
      concentration. The relationship between both free and total plasma concentrations
      and the effects of verapamil on the PR interval was also examined several times
      after 10 mg IV verapamil in seven of the subjects. While there was a correlation
      between log of both concentrations and the percent prolongation in PR interval (P
      less than 0.001), the correlation was stronger with free drug concentration (r2 =
      0.58) than with total plasma concentration (r2 = 0.36). The range of free
      concentrations associated with a given effect (220%) was also narrower than that
      for total concentration (300%). While these data indicate that AAG is responsible
      for most of the variability in plasma verapamil binding, which in turn
      contributes somewhat to variation in effectiveness of a given total plasma
      concentration, neither of these causes of individual variations is likely to have
      a major clinical impact in patients who, apart from arrhythmia, are otherwise
      healthy.

PMID- 6831828
TI  - Kinetics and metabolism of sulfinpyrazone.
AB  - Six normal subjects (three men and three women) took 200 mg sulfinpyrazone in two
      oral preparations, a capsule and a suspension. Plasma and urine levels of
      sulfinpyrazone and the sulfide, p-hydroxy, and sulfone metabolites were measured
      over three days. The plasma sulfinpyrazone/time concentration profiles indicated
      a postabsorptive biexponential decline with a mean terminal half life (t1/2) of
      299 +/- 107 min. There was intersubject variation in the formation of the
      metabolites, the greatest being with the sulfide metabolite. Mean t1/2 of the
      sulfide metabolite was 659 +/- 192 min. The apparent fraction of sulfinpyrazone
      absorbed was 0.93 +/- 0.24 and the free fraction in plasma was 1.26 +/- 0.04%.
      Since the sulfide metabolite has a more potent antiplatelet effect and its
      formation in normal subjects is variable, direct administration of the sulfide
      may provide a more predictable antithrombotic effect in patients.

PMID- 6831829
TI  - Effect of caffeine on acetaminophen analgesia.
AB  - Our objective was to determine the value of caffeine in combination with
      acetaminophen in the relief of pain from uterine cramping, episiotomy, and third
      molar extraction. In the dental study, 173 patients received two or four tablets
      of 500 mg acetaminophen or the combination of 500 mg acetaminophen and 65 mg
      caffeine. In the three postpartum studies, 1345 patients received one, two, or
      three tablets of acetaminophen, the combination, or a placebo. The mean scores
      for the summary variable percent sum of the pain intensity differences (% SPID)
      were higher in all for the combination than for acetaminophen alone, and in two
      studies the null hypothesis of no differences was rejected. The relative potency
      estimates for % SPID were 1.9, 1.8, and 1.3 for the three studies in which
      bioassays could be performed and the pooled relative potency was 1.7 with a 95%
      confidence interval of 1.1 to 3.1. The results were essentially the same among
      pain models and among patient groups with similar habitual caffeine consumption.
      Onset of analgesia was also faster with the combination. We conclude that
      caffeine enhances the analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen.

PMID- 6831830
TI  - Alcuronium kinetics and plasma concentration-effect relationship.
AB  - The kinetics and dynamics of the neuromuscular blocker alcuronium were
      investigated in 12 surgical patients who received bolus and infusion regimens. In
      six patients the duration of the infusion was sufficiently long so that a steady
      state alcuronium plasma concentration was reached (mean SD, 0.80 +/- 0.23
      micrograms/ml). In the remaining six patients a steady state was not reached but
      the alcuronium concentration at the end of the infusion was 0.91 +/- 0.39
      micrograms/ml. Alcuronium kinetic parameters did not differ between the two
      groups or from those obtained previously after bolus doses. In six patients for
      whom sufficient alcuronium concentration-time response data were available over
      the 0 to 100% response range, various mathematic models were used to characterize
      the concentration-effect relationship. A dynamic model incorporating a separate
      effect compartment connected to the central compartment was found to be the most
      appropriate. The (mean +/- SD) rate constant for equilibration of alcuronium
      concentration and effect was found to be 0.24 +/- 0.11 min-1, whereas the steady
      state concentration required to induce 95% paralysis was 0.91 +/- 0.35
      micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 6831831
TI  - Disulfiram and erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition.
AB  - During disulfiram therapy erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was fully
      inhibited. The time for total loss of erythrocyte ALDH activity ranged from 36 to
      120 hr. In contrast to the 85% recovery of in vitro disulfiram-inhibited ALDH
      activity, this in vivo disulfiram-ALDH inhibition could not be reversed by
      mercaptoethanol. It is proposed that the in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of ALDH
      inhibition by disulfiram differ. Erythrocyte ALDH activity can be readily
      monitored to determine patient compliance and is an accessible model for
      investigations of in vivo mechanisms of drug inhibition. Because the disulfiram
      inhibited erythrocyte ALDH is not regenerated until new erythrocytes are made
      (120 days), a significant portion of the extrahepatic acetaldehyde metabolic
      capacity remains inhibited for long periods after disulfiram is discontinued.
      Thus, the recidivistic patient who discontinues disulfiram and waits several days
      (to regenerate liver ALDH activity) before drinking will be exposed to even
      higher ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde levels than usual, which may induce
      further alcohol-associated organ damage and alcohol dependence.

PMID- 6831832
TI  - Developmental aspects of theophylline metabolism in premature infants.
AB  - The metabolic degradation of theophylline was studied in nine premature infants
      with postconception ages of 28 to 42 wk. Urinary and plasma metabolites
      (caffeine; theobromine; 3-methylxanthine; 1,3-dimethyluric acid; and 1-methyluric
      acid) and unchanged theophylline were analyzed with selected ion monitoring gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anticipated decrease in plasma caffeine
      (which is absent in adult human and children) did not occur in the postconception
      age range studied, but the urinary percentages of unchanged theophylline
      decreased from 61% at a postconception age of 28 to 32 wk to 43% at 38 to 42 wk.
      This suggests increasing theophylline metabolism with age due to developing
      hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. The increased degradation of
      theophylline is largely explained by the production of 1,3-dimethyluric acid
      (from 20% to 34%). In infants of an older postconception age, theobromine, a
      caffeine metabolite, was also detected. To explain the difference of caffeine
      pathway between adults and premature infants, it is hypothesized that the
      caffeine pathway of theophylline is equally active in both age groups. The
      absence of caffeine metabolite in adults is due to the maturing caffeine
      metabolizing enzymes, which degrade caffeine immediately to its metabolites.

PMID- 6831833
TI  - Serum concentration and renal excretion by normal adults of inorganic sulfate
      after acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, or sodium sulfate.
AB  - Depletion of endogenous inorganic sulfate can have pronounced effects on the
      elimination kinetics and metabolic fate of phenolic drugs. Our purpose was to
      determine the effects of acetaminophen (which is partly metabolized to
      acetaminophen sulfate), ascorbic acid (subject to more limited sulfation than
      acetaminophen), and sodium sulfate (useful for sulfate repletion by the oral
      route) on the serum concentration and renal excretion of inorganic sulfate in
      healthy adults. Six men and two women, 26 to 35 yr old, were studied on four
      occasions that were at least 4 days apart. They received no medication, 1.5 gm
      acetaminophen, 6 gm ascorbic acid, or 9 gm sodium sulfate decahydrate orally, in
      aqueous solution. A blood sample was obtained 2 hr later and urine was collected
      from 1 to 3 hr. Serum inorganic sulfate concentrations (mean +/- SD), 0.410 +/-
      0.043 mM in the control period, were decreased after acetaminophen (0.311 +/-
      0.043 mM, P less than 0.001), increased after sodium sulfate (0.513 +/- 0.055 mM,
      P less than 0.001), and apparently unchanged after ascorbic acid (0.417 +/- 0.059
      mM). The urinary excretion of inorganic sulfate was decreased after acetaminophen
      and increased after sodium sulfate. The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine
      was not affected by any of the treatments. The renal tubular reabsorption of
      inorganic sulfate is capacity limited, as evidenced by the decrease of the
      reabsorbed fraction with increasing glomerular filtration rate of the anion (r = 
      0.54, P less than 0.005). This saturable reabsorption facilitates sulfate
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6831834
TI  - The effect of phenylephrine upon arterial pressure, carotid sinus radius and
      baroreflex sensitivity in the conscious greyhound.
AB  - 1. A method for recording carotid sinus diameter in conscious dogs has been
      developed, using an ultrasound transit time technique. We have used this method
      to measure the distensibility of the carotid sinus in resting animals, and we
      have investigated the effect of injecting the vasoactive drug phenylephrine on
      the mechanical behaviour of the sinus wall. 2. Baroreflex sensitivity was
      measured in the dogs by the usual method of relating the slowing of the heart to
      the transient pressure rise induced by the injections of phenylephrine. 3. We
      have shown that phenylephrine directly reduces the radius of the carotid sinus
      during the measurements of baroreflex sensitivity. At a dose of 2-4
      micrograms/kg, phenylephrine has an enhancing effect on the baroreflex response,
      possibly resulting from a modification of baroreceptor output.

PMID- 6831835
TI  - Dose-dependent effects of meclofenamate on peripheral vasculature of conscious
      rabbits.
AB  - 1. Changes in systemic haemodynamics and organ blood flow were measured in
      conscious rabbits after various doses of intravenous sodium meclofenamate, an
      inhibitor of prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase. 2. Meclofenamate had no effect on
      arterial pressure or cardiac output but caused a dose-dependent fall in renal
      blood flow. 3. Meclofenamate also reduced adrenal perfusion but, in contrast,
      caused a dose-dependent increase in blood flow to the brain, bronchial and
      hepatic circulation and to the testis. No effect was demonstrated on other organs
      studied. 4. The effect on the cerebral circulation was observed at the lowest
      dose of meclofenamate (0.75 mg/kg). Higher total doses were necessary for an
      effect on the renal and bronchial (3 mg/kg) and testicular and hepatic arteries
      (6 mg/kg). 5. The results suggest a variety of local vasomotor influences of
      renal and non-renal prostaglandins in conscious rabbits.

PMID- 6831838
TI  - Aminophylline and fatigue of adductor pollicis in man.
AB  - 1. The effect of intravenous aminophylline on the contractility of adductor
      pollicis has been studied in three subjects both in the fresh state and following
      the induction of muscle fatigue. 2. Aminophylline had no influence on the
      frequency-force relationship and relaxation rate of adductor pollicis in the
      fresh state. 3. Fatigue resulted in a selective depression of the force response
      to low and moderate frequencies of stimulation and a slight effect on maximum
      force production 10 and 35 min afterwards. 4. Aminophylline given prior to,
      during and/or after fatigue did not influence this selective low-frequency
      fatigue at 10 or 35 min. 5. Aminophylline at the concentrations obtained has no
      significant effect on muscle contractility or fatiguability in man.

PMID- 6831837
TI  - Vertebral bone loss: an unheeded side effect of therapeutic bed rest.
AB  - 1. The skeletal effects of simple bed rest and re-ambulation were studied in a
      consecutive series of 34 patients (aged 18-60 years) hospitalized with low
      backache due to protrusion of a lumbar intervertebral disc. The bone mineral
      content of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was determined by dual
      photon (153Gd) absorptiometry immediately after admission to the hospital, at the
      end of the bed-rest period (mean 27 days, range 11-61 days) and approximately 15
      weeks later (range 11-24 weeks). 2. During recumbency a mean decrease in lumbar
      spine bone mineral content of 0.9% per week was observed. 3. Re-ambulation
      resulted in bone mineral gain, and restoration of lumbar spine bone mineral
      content was nearly complete after 4 months. 4. The findings suggest that the
      simple therapeutic bed-rest regimen leads to excessive vertebral bone loss.
      Recurrent bed-rest periods may predispose to spinal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6831839
TI  - Intravenous ethanol can provide bronchodilatation in asthma.
AB  - 1. The effect of intravenous infusions of saline, and 2, 4 and 8% (v/v in saline)
      ethanol in airflow were assessed in five normal male subjects and five male
      patients with asthma. 2. Normal subjects showed no response to intravenous
      ethanol at any dose. 3. In patients with asthma, specific airways conductance
      (sGaw) showed a sustained rise of approx. 32.8% from baseline with 8% ethanol
      which was not seen at lower doses. By contrast, salbutamol (400 micrograms by
      aerosol) caused a mean rise in sGaw of 84.4% from baseline. 4. Blood ethanol
      concentrations showed a sustained rise over the full duration of the study with
      8% ethanol but not with lower doses. 5. Ethanol causes a sustained improvement in
      sGaw in patients with asthma (38.9% of the response to salbutamol) if blood
      ethanol levels are sufficiently elevated.

PMID- 6831836
TI  - A comparison of the bronchodilator and vasopressor effects of exercise levels of
      adrenaline in man.
AB  - 1. Plasma adrenaline was measured at rest and on exercise in six normal, non
      atopic subjects. The exercise test produced a minimum tachycardia of 158
      beats/min and a mean plasma adrenaline level of 1.89 nmol/l. 2. On a separate
      occasion, two doses of L-adrenaline (0.025 micrograms min-1 kg-1 and 0.05
      micrograms min-1 kg-1) were infused in the same subjects at rest to produce two
      mean plasma levels similar to those found on exercise. 3. Significant
      bronchodilation and elevation of plasma glucose occurred with both infusion doses
      when compared with placebo. 4. Neither infusion caused a significant change in
      heart rate and only the higher dose caused a small but significant rise in
      systolic and fall in diastolic blood pressure. 5. Our results suggest that
      adrenaline as a hormone, at the levels found on exercise, is capable of causing
      bronchodilation and glycogenolysis in normal subjects. Its contribution to the
      cardiovascular response to exercise appears to be slight and suggests that its
      role in cardiovascular physiology may also be marginal.

PMID- 6831840
TI  - Charting human thoracic airways by aerosols.
AB  - A non-invasive method is described which permits the estimation of average airway
      calibre as a function of the volumetric depth in the human respiratory tract. It
      is based upon the measurement of gravitational particle losses during breath
      holding from boli of monodisperse aerosols inspired to different depths in the
      respiratory tract. Aerosol boli comprising particles of 1.5 microns aerodynamic
      diameter and 45 microns settling velocity were inspired to depths between 80 and
      820 cm3. The number of particles recovered decreased exponentially with the
      period of breath-holding, and an average airway radius was calculated for each
      lung depth from the slope of these exponential functions. The average airway
      radius changes rapidly with depth. Among six subjects it varies between 630 and
      1400 microns at 120 cm3 lung depth and between 165 and 280 microns at 600 cm3
      lung depth. The average airway radii evaluated in this study are within the range
      covered by current lung models.

PMID- 6831842
TI  - Mathematical modelling of aqueous humour outflow from the eye through the pores
      in the lining endothelium of Schlemm's canal.
AB  - Aqueous humour leaves the eye mainly by way of pore openings in vacuolar
      swellings in the endothelial cells which line the wall of Schlemm's canal.
      Calculation of the resistance to fluid flow offered by these small pores requires
      data on their incidence and dimensions linked to a suitable mathematical model.
      Data are derived from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies conducted on
      rhesus monkey eyes maintained at an intraocular pressure (IOP) of either 8 or 15
      mmHg and on human eyes either untreated controls or treated with pilocarpine.
      Mathematical models of flow through the pore openings are developed. Application
      of a Venturi tube model to the SEM data shows that the pore resistance of rhesus
      monkey eyes at 8 mmHg was seventeen times greater than that at 15 mmHg while the
      pore resistance in untreated human eyes was five times greater than in eyes which
      received pilocarpine.

PMID- 6831843
TI  - The effect of age and sex of normal volunteers upon the transcutaneous oxygen
      tension in the lower limb.
AB  - The transcutaneous oxygen monitor, developed as a non-invasive method of
      measuring arterial oxygen tension in neonates, has recently been applied to
      measurement of skin ischaemia in peripheral vascular disease. Since peripheral
      vascular disease occurs in older age groups and more commonly in men than women,
      the effects of age and sex on the transcutaneous oxygen tension in the lower limb
      have been investigated. Two hundred and five normal volunteers of both sexes with
      a wide age range had measurements taken at a fixed point in the lower limb under
      similar conditions. The results showed no significant correlation between either
      the age or sex of the individual when compared to the transcutaneous oxygen
      tension.

PMID- 6831845
TI  - A thermometer for measuring temperatures in the presence of electromagnetic
      fields.
AB  - A thermometer which uses the properties of the variation of vapour pressure of a
      liquid with temperature is described. By using a non-dispersive liquid in the
      thermometer, the true temperature of materials in the presence of electromagnetic
      fields may be measured.

PMID- 6831844
TI  - A fast method of measuring vitamin B12 absorption using a whole-body counter.
AB  - The conventional method of measuring vitamin B12 absorption using a whole-body
      counter normally involves a delay of fourteen days before complete faecal
      excretion of unabsorbed B12 tracer can be assumed. A modified technique has been
      used which reduces the delay to four days. A non-absorbable tracer, 51Cr-chromic
      chloride, was administered firstly with 58Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three
      hours later with 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 and then three hours later with 57Co
      labelled vitamin B12 plus 50 mg hog intrinsic factor which normalises B12
      malabsorption in patients with pernicious anaemia. Three days later, the residual
      whole-body activities of the three radionuclides were measured. The retention of
      51Cr indicated the efficiency of faecal excretion of unabsorbed B12 tracer and
      could be used to quantify vitamin B12 absorption before complete excretion of
      unabsorbed B12 tracer. Vitamin B12 absorption values were measured at four days
      by this technique and compared with the corresponding values at fourteen days in
      38 tests on 33 subjects, 16 of whom had pernicious anaemia. Excellent
      correlations between the results obtained at four and 14 days were obtained for
      both B12 tracers.

PMID- 6831846
TI  - The duration of bleeding following varicose vein stripping.

PMID- 6831841
TI  - The accuracy of measurement required for acceptable estimation of non-steady
      rates of appearance and disappearance by the tracer method using a two
      compartment model.
AB  - The two-compartment method for measuring non-steady-state glucose turnover rates
      was examined by computer simulation and by in vivo experiment. Given perfectly
      accurate input data, the simulations showed that the calculated turnover rates
      agreed closely with the true answer (agreement was not perfect however, because
      of the necessity for interpolation between the observed points). Contaminating
      the input data with a single erroneous observation of either tracee or tracer
      concentration produced large, spurious oscillations in the calculated turnover
      rates, the duration of which was inversely proportional to the frequency with
      which the infused compartment was sampled. Contaminating the perfect input data
      with observational noise of a magnitude approximately equal to the known
      measurement uncertainties showed that the calculations were very sensitive to
      noise and this was verified by in vivo experiment. It is concluded that non
      steady-state glucose kinetics can be successfully measured by the two-compartment
      technique, but that measurements to an accuracy of at least 1% (coefficient of
      variation) are required.

PMID- 6831847
TI  - A digital electrogoniometer for clinical use.

PMID- 6831848
TI  - Long-term respiration monitoring in infants--a comparison of impedance and
      pressure capsule monitors.

PMID- 6831850
TI  - Clinical trials.

PMID- 6831849
TI  - Advances in diagnosis and treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma.

PMID- 6831851
TI  - Differential diagnosis of tumors of the neck.

PMID- 6831853
TI  - Ovarian cancer: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
AB  - Ovarian cancer is a common malignancy for which no widely effective prevention or
      early detection strategies are known. It is one of the most responsive of adult
      solid tumors, however, and patients can be cured by appropriately applied
      regimens of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Expertise is required to select
      and coordinate the appropriate combinations. Therapeutic trials are underway at
      various centers, including the Medicine Branch of the NCI, to develop new
      treatment strategies and refine existing modalities.

PMID- 6831854
TI  - Radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of primary anal canal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 6831855
TI  - Contributions of comprehensive cancer centers to improved care of patients with
      cancer.

PMID- 6831852
TI  - Treatment of breast cancer: past, present, and future.
AB  - We have gone through a period when radical surgery for breast cancer was accepted
      without question. Next there was a period in which radiation was used almost
      routinely after operations. Now chemotherapy is in high vogue. We are still in a
      period of transition, with a momentum toward simpler, often breast-saving,
      operations, usually with axillary dissection and often with added radiation. When
      mastectomy is performed, reconstruction of the breast is an option for those who
      want it. Today we can safely say that no woman need live without a breast unless
      she prefers to do so. The final choice of treatment now rests with the patient.

PMID- 6831856
TI  - Cancer of the pancreas.

PMID- 6831857
TI  - Silent reading: insights from second-generation deaf readers.

PMID- 6831858
TI  - Emergence of thematic concepts in repeated listening to music.

PMID- 6831859
TI  - Development of the appearance--reality distinction.

PMID- 6831861
TI  - Distribution and regulation of mitochondrial hexokinase in rat submandibular
      gland.
AB  - 1. In rat submandibular gland, hexokinase was distributed not only in cytosol
      fraction but also in mitochondrial fraction. 2. Glucose-6-phosphate and ATP were
      most effective substances on releasing hexokinase from mitochondria. However, all
      the hexokinase in mitochondria could not be extracted with these substances. 3.
      Concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and ATP were decreased with the
      administration of epinephrine in vivo. 4. Increase of the amount of mitochondria
      bound hexokinase was observed for 5 min with epinephrine administration, and it
      returned to the control level after 10 min. 5. In rat submandibular gland,
      mitochondrial hexokinase may reversibly bind to and release from mitochondria as
      observed in brain.

PMID- 6831860
TI  - Alligator Metabolism. Studies On Chemical Reactions In Vivo.

PMID- 6831862
TI  - Effects of fasting on plasma lipids and cholesterol esterification in plasma,
      liver and intestinal mucosa in the char (Salmo alpinus L.).
AB  - 1. CoA-dependent cholesterol esterification, measured as esterification of 3H
      cholesterol, was demonstrated in homogenates of liver and intestinal mucosa of
      the char (Salmo alpinus L.). 2. Plasma concentration of triacylglycerols,
      unesterified and total cholesterol were significantly reduced to 43, 58 and 72%
      of the control values, respectively, after 6 weeks fasting. 3. The rate of
      cholesterol esterification in plasma and liver homogenate was significantly lower
      in the fasted fish compared to the controls, but the esterification activity in
      the homogenate of intestinal mucosa increased twofold in the fish fasted for 6
      weeks.

PMID- 6831863
TI  - Wax esters in the liver and serum of steelhead trout Salmo gairdneri
      (Richardson).
AB  - 1. Wax esters were identified in the serum and liver of steelhead trout. 2.
      Confirmation of the identity was made by thin-layer chromatography of the wax
      ester hydrolysis products: long chain alcohols and fatty acids. 3. Tissue
      concentrations of the wax are 0.34 mg/ml and 0.12 mg/g in the serum and liver
      respectively. 4. The presence of the wax esters in these two particular tissues
      suggests that the wax is synthesized in the liver, incorporated into
      lipoproteins, and functions as a lipid transport molecule.

PMID- 6831865
TI  - Catalytic coefficient as a parameter for substrate specificity of enzymes.

PMID- 6831864
TI  - Sterol and fatty acid content in three groups of surf clams (Spisula
      solidissima): wild clams (60 and 120 mm size) and cultured clams (60 mm size).

PMID- 6831866
TI  - Natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of live cestodes.
AB  - 1. Natural abundance carbon-13 nmr spectra of several intact cestodes have been
      obtained. 2. All spectra show peaks assignable to triglycerides and the N(CH3)3
      carbons of the choline moiety. 3. The olefinic region of the 13C nmr spectra
      indicated that the cestode larvae Mesocestoides corti and Echinococcus
      multilocularis have a larger concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids than
      Hymenolepis adults. 4. Mobile fragments of glycogen were detected in all species
      studied, but its apparent concentration in individual cestodes was highly
      variable.

PMID- 6831867
TI  - Adaptative features of ectothermic enzymes--IV. Studies on malate dehydrogenase
      of Astyanax fasciatus (Characidae) from Lobo Reservoir (Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo,
      Brasil).
AB  - 1. Skeletal muscle and heart supernatant malate dehydrogenase (s-MDH) from a
      subtropical fish, Astyanax fasciatus consists of three electrophoretically anodal
      bands. Each band is a dimer (AA, AB and BB) and two loci are active. 2. In A.
      fasciatus tissue extracts, A and B subunits are present at differing quantitative
      levels and their activities are almost season-independent. However, the relative
      activity of each homodimer in relation to total s-MDH estimated by densitometry
      of gels or of each homodimer purified by chromatography varies with temperature.
      The more anodic homodimer is thermolabile and the less anodic one is
      thermostable. 3. The pH optimum of s-MDH is 7.5, of AA is 6.5 and of BB is 7.8.
      4. The BB isozyme is more sensitive to high concentrations of substrate and has a
      Km temperature-independent. The AA isozyme is not inhibited by high
      concentrations of oxaloacetate and shows a Km temperature-dependent with a
      fourteenfold increase between 20 degrees and 40 degrees C.

PMID- 6831868
TI  - Effects of adaptation to different salinities on the lipids of various tissues in
      sea dace (Dicentrarchus labrax pisces).
AB  - 1. Effects of adaptation to four salinities (4, 18, 36 and 40 per 1000) have been
      studied in the main lipidic constituents (triglycerides, phospholipids, free
      fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride fatty acids) of the liver, muscle and
      intestinal tissue of Dicentrarchus labrax--a euryhaline fish. 2. The study has
      been undertaken in spring, at a constant temperature of 13 degrees C after an
      adaptation of one month in the experimental reserve, with unchanged industrial
      food. 3. Salinities 40, 36 and 18 per 1000 higher than the iso-osmotic salinity
      of blood plasma do not induce important changes in the above lipids, whereas a
      salinity of 4 per 1000 produces interpretable changes such as a decrease in
      lipogenesis.

PMID- 6831871
TI  - Biological dosimetry by chromosome aberration scoring with parallel image
      processing with the Heidelberg POLYP Polyprocessor system.
AB  - Chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood are recognized parameters of
      cellular damage and are used as indicators of exposure to ionizing radiation. In
      order to reach the low dose range, up to 10,000 metaphase cells each consisting
      of 46 chromosomes have to be analysed for each radiation exposed person. In order
      to perform this task within reasonable time limits the application of the
      Heidelberg POLYP Polyprocessor is considered. The POLYP consists of a number of
      processor modules and several global memory modules which are interconnected by a
      multi-common-bus for parallel data transfers and a multiple synchronization bus
      for processor/task-scheduling. The system is designed for handling large amounts
      of data in real time as is typical for image processing applications.

PMID- 6831872
TI  - Real time control procedures for monitoring SMAC analytical performance.
AB  - A system has been developed in our Hospital Clinical Chemistry Laboratory with
      the aid of a minicomputer on line with SMAC. The programs are in Basic and
      comprise management of patient samples and of reference sera, on-line acquisition
      of analytical data, checks of error reporting and of abnormal result values, real
      time processing of quality control parameters and data transfer on floppy disk.
      An efficient and easy monitoring of the chemical procedures and result
      reliability is achieved together with instrument performance optimization.

PMID- 6831869
TI  - An improved method for process identification in the frequency domain.

PMID- 6831875
TI  - Medical practice indicators--3rd quarter survey results.

PMID- 6831870
TI  - Digital processing of microradiographic and fluorochromic images from bone
      biopsy.
AB  - Bone biopsy is an essential technique for the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease
      and the skeletal response to remedial therapeutic maneuvers. Among many
      approaches in analyzing the biopsy specimen, the imaging technique offers the
      greatest potential. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodologies
      developed for digital processing of microradiographic and fluorochromic images
      from bone biopsy. This procedure requires a microscope with conventional and
      ultraviolet illuminations, a vidicon camera with three color filters, a general
      purpose image processing system with three image memories, a digital computer
      with some specially tailored software programs. A good specimen preparation from
      bone biopsy is a prerequisite in assuring the success of the method. The
      methodology for processing the microradiographs is based on a completely
      developed procedure of black and white image processing. Production run is in
      progress. The methodology for processing the fluorochromic images is based on
      true color imaging, although the procedure is still preliminary, early results
      obtained so far are promising.

PMID- 6831874
TI  - CT findings in hemorrhagic cerebral infarct.
AB  - Hemorrhagic cerebral infarcts can be detected by computer tomography (CT) as a
      high density lesion in the margins or inside a low density infarcted area.
      However the CT features are not always characteristic and the specific diagnosis
      is sometimes impossible. We describe the CT findings in initial and follow-up
      examinations of three arterial and one venous hemorrhagic infarcts and discuss
      the diagnostic problems.

PMID- 6831873
TI  - A system for the positioning correlation between computed tomographs and
      conventional radiographs.
AB  - The authors have presented a special system which enables us to understand the
      positioning relationship between transverse CT images and conventional
      radiographs. With this system the image on a X-ray film is first changed into a
      video image and second, the computed radiograph which has the positioning
      information for each CT image is superimposed on it electronically. Finally the
      computed radiograph is eliminated except for the positioning lines of the CT
      scanning. The image thus obtained is called a "Replaced Computed Radiograph (RCR
      image)". This image is then changed into a digital image and manipulated in the
      same manner as its CT images. We have utilized this system for 22 clinical cases
      and recognized it to be useful for current integrated-radiography.

PMID- 6831876
TI  - Excision of pheochromocytoma under isoflurane anesthesia. A case report.

PMID- 6831877
TI  - Health team approach to blood pressure control: Connecticut prototypes.

PMID- 6831878
TI  - Tetracycline treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis.

PMID- 6831879
TI  - Basic antitrust law.

PMID- 6831880
TI  - Another new tax law affects physicians significantly.

PMID- 6831882
TI  - T antigen and its relation to hemolytic uremic syndrome.

PMID- 6831881
TI  - Detection of soluble immune complexes by the technique of antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity inhibition in glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 6831884
TI  - Relationship of patient age to cost and survival in a medical ICU.
AB  - We examined the relationship between the reason for admission to the Medical
      Intensive Care Unit (MICU), cost of care, and outcome of illness to patient age
      for 182 consecutive patients admitted to the MICU of a community hospital. The
      reasons for admission to the MICU for patients 70 yr and older did not differ
      greatly from those for patients 50-69 yr. Only 1 of 21 patients admitted with
      cardiopulmonary arrest occurring outside the MICU survived. If these patients
      admitted after cardiopulmonary arrest are excluded from analysis, 80, 87, 86, 67,
      and 79% of patients in the 5th through 9th decades, respectively, survived (p
      greater than 0.05). Of the 51 discharged patients older than 70 yr, 38 were alive
      after a mean follow-up of 19 months, 8 had died, and 5 were lost to follow-up.
      Total hospital costs, total hospitalization duration, duration of MICU care,
      laboratory, radiology, and respiratory therapy costs did not vary with patient
      age. Because the outcome of MICU treatment is similar for all age groups, and
      because cost of this care for younger and older patients is the same, age should
      not be a factor in determining whether or not a patient receives aggressive care
      in the MICU.

PMID- 6831885
TI  - Value of portable real-time ultrasound in the ICU.
AB  - A 2-yr retrospective analysis was undertaken of the value of portable real-time
      sonography on 107 patients in the ICU. A total of 88 abnormal findings were
      detected in 69 of 107 patients. Of these, 36 were clinically significant as the
      patients' therapy and clinical courses were modified by the ultrasound findings.
      In many instances, where the ultrasound findings were negative, this information
      had, nevertheless, important ramifications to the clinician and was frequently as
      helpful to him as a positive finding. A 20% yield of unsuspected abnormalities
      was also found, some of which were clinically significant and warranted specific
      action. We believe that the portable real-time ultrasound examination is, indeed,
      a valuable diagnostic tool to the ICU clinician and is most likely underutilized.

PMID- 6831883
TI  - Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies: significance and estimation by
      solid phase radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 6831886
TI  - Optimum left heart filling pressure during fluid resuscitation of patients with
      hypovolemic and septic shock.
AB  - The effect of increasing filling pressures on cardiac performance was examined in
      15 patients undergoing fluid resuscitation for hypovolemic and septic shock. The
      initial significant increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure (WP) from 7.0 +/-
      2.0 to 11.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg was associated with an increase in stroke volume index
      (SVI) from 24.2 +/- 9.8 to 34.7 +/- 12.4 ml/M2 (p less than 0.01), left
      ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) from 16.9 +/- 7.8 to 28.5 +/- 11.6 g x m/M2
      (p less than 0.01) and cardiac index (CI) from 2.25 +/- 0.68 to 3.06 +/- 0.85
      L/min x M2 (p less than 0.01). Further significant increase in WP to 16.0 +/- 0.9
      mm Hg did not result in any increase in SVI, LVSWI, or CI. The correlation
      between central venous pressure (CVP) and WP during fluid loading was only fair
      and the changes in CVP vs WP did not significantly correlate. We suggest that the
      optimum left heart filling pressure during fluid resuscitation of patients with
      hypovolemic and septic shock may not exceed a WP of 12 mm Hg.

PMID- 6831887
TI  - Predicting survival among ventilator-dependent very low birth weight infants.
AB  - Ventilator-bound very low birth weight (VLBW) infants represent an increasing
      proportion of our nursery population. We reviewed the hospital course of 38 VLBW
      infants who required more than 1 month of intermittent mandatory ventilation
      (IMV) between 1976 and 1978. Twenty-eight infants survived; 10 died. There were
      no significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors in estimated
      gestational age (EGA), Apgar scores, first pH, first mean arterial pressure
      (MAP), h of IMV required, or birth weight; nor did the incidence of patent ductus
      arteriosus (PDA), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), or transport differ.
      Pneumothorax was significantly more common among those infants who died. When
      ventilator settings were reviewed, significant differences were found
      consistently between the 2 groups of 3, 5, and 7 days of age, but not at 1, 14,
      21, or 28 days of age. A predictive model for estimating the probability of
      survival of such infants was developed based upon these data, employing birth
      weight, mean airway pressure (MAWP) at 7 days of age, and occurrence of
      pneumothorax, and was applied prospectively to a group of 29 such infants born in
      1979 and 1980. Prediction of outcome was significantly more accurate than chance
      alone. We conclude that prolonged ventilator dependence is largely confined to
      VLBW infants; that it is the rule among infants less than 750 g; and that
      accurate, objective assessment of an individual infant's prognosis may lead to
      improved care.

PMID- 6831888
TI  - Limitation of pulsatility index as a diagnostic tool in the newborn.
AB  - Pulsatile flow in the anterior cerebral arteries was studied and pulsatility
      index (PI) calculated by 3 observers in 10 newborn infants in order to establish
      the reproducibility of a noninvasive Doppler technique. No significant
      differences were noted among the observers and the estimated error of observation
      was 0.073. Subsequently, 14 healthy preterm infants were studied daily by a
      single observer in an attempt to establish a normal range of PI for prematures in
      the first 5 days of life. The babies were concomitantly studied with serial
      ultrasound examinations to rule out intracranial hemorrhage. The study revealed
      good interobserver reliability but wide variation of PI in normal, healthy
      premature infants with values falling within abnormal ranges previously described
      in asphyxiated infants or those with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Caution
      is advised in using the PI to predict outcome.

PMID- 6831889
TI  - Comparison of two techniques for detecting cardiac activity in infants.
AB  - In the 1980 Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and
      Emergency Cardiac Care, the recommended method for determining cardiac arrest in
      infants was changed from palpation of the apical impulse to palpation of the
      brachial pulse. The importance of adequately assessing the heart beat before
      initiating chest compressions due to the potential hazards is well established.
      This study was designed to ascertain which pulse parents could palpate most
      readily and accurately count within a given time. The results demonstrated the
      brachial pulse was much easier to palpate and more accurately counted by parents
      than the apical impulse. These findings formed the basis for the 1980 revised
      recommendation for determining cardiac arrest in infants.

PMID- 6831890
TI  - Hemodynamic and colloid osmotic pressure alterations in the surgical patient.
AB  - Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was measured simultaneously with cardiorespiratory
      measurements in 103 surgical patients suspected of having circulatory problems.
      In a small subset of 28 patients, measurements were taken before, during, and
      after surgical operations. Similarly, data sets were taken before, during, and
      after infusions of colloids and crystalloids to assess the interactions of these
      variables during the stress of surgery and the administration of fluid therapy.
      COP was found to decrease during and shortly after surgical operations despite
      reasonably well-maintained pressure, volume, and flow variables. Concentrated
      (25%) albumin and plasma protein fraction (PPF) increased COP, cardiac index
      (CI), CVP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (WP), and blood volume, whereas
      crystalloids transiently increased CI, CVP, and WP but did not significantly
      change COP and blood volume. Low COP values were weakly related to survival, and
      COP-WP differences less than or equal to 3 mm Hg were roughly related to ARDS and
      pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6831891
TI  - ECG lead with the endotracheal tube.
AB  - We evaluated the potential of obtaining ECG signals from electrodes attached to
      an endotracheal tube. Tests during surgery using a 2-electrode system with 3
      pediatric patients produced recordings suitable for rate monitoring and
      arrhythmia detection.

PMID- 6831892
TI  - Acute bronchoconstriction associated with transtentorial herniation in a patient
      with elevated intracranial pressure.
AB  - A patient with acutely elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and a severe attack
      of bronchoconstriction is presented. Further investigation after treating the
      combined emergency situation revealed uncompensated hydrocephalus. Possible
      mechanisms which might be responsible for the coexisting emergency states are
      discussed. The urgent need for immediate simultaneous treatment of both disease
      entities is emphasized.

PMID- 6831894
TI  - Abstracts of original papers to be presented at the twelfth annual educational
      and scientific symposium of the Society of Critical care medicine. New Orleans,
      Louisiana, May 23-27, 1983.

PMID- 6831895
TI  - Acute respiratory failure and tracheal obstruction in patients with intrathoracic
      goiter.
AB  - Four cases of acute life-threatening tracheal obstruction due to intrathoracic
      goiter are reported. Acute respiratory insufficiency caused by an upper airway
      obstruction in patients with intrathoracic goiter is exceptional. In 3 of 4 cases
      reported, the histologic study showed multiple foci of recent hemorrhage, the
      mechanism probably responsible for these episodes.

PMID- 6831893
TI  - Pneumothorax secondary to inadvertent nasotracheal placement of a nasoenteric
      tube past a cuffed endotracheal tube.

PMID- 6831898
TI  - Quantitative analysis of tracheal damage.

PMID- 6831896
TI  - Compared effects of selected colloids on extravascular lung water in dogs after
      oleic acid-induced lung injury and severe hemorrhage.
AB  - While the hemodynamic effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) have been reported,
      the effect of this material upon extravascular lung water (EVLW) has not been
      investigated. Twenty mongrel dogs were subjected to both an oleic acid-induced
      lung injury and a 2-h period of hemorrhagic shock (MAP = 40 mm Hg). After
      reinfusion of shed blood, 5 dogs in each of 4 groups were given either 0.5 L of
      lactated Ringer's solution or 0.5 L of 5% albumin, 6% dextran 75, or 6% HES.
      Lactated Ringer's solution was then given in sufficient quantity to keep the
      wedge pressure (WP) at 12-15 mm Hg and PaO2, P(A-a)O2, cardiac index (CI) and
      oxygen delivery were determined. EVLW was measured by thermal-green dye double
      indicator technique with an Edwards Lung Water Computer (American Edwards
      Laboratories, Santa Ana, CA). Mean baseline EVLW was 6.9 +/- 0.3 ml/kg. Mean EVLW
      rose to 11.5 +/- 1.9 ml/kg after oleic acid. One h after reinfusion, EVLW
      increased to 40.5 +/- 4 ml/kg in the dogs given only lactated Ringer's solution
      and to 39.5 +/- 1.5 ml/kg in the dextran group. EVLW was 25.5 +/- 3 ml/kg in the
      HES dogs, and 29.5 +/- 2 ml/kg in the group given albumin. Differences between
      albumin and lactated Ringer's solution and between the HES and lactated Ringer's
      groups were significant (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05). Measurements of
      oxygen, ventilation, CI, and oxygen delivery were not significantly different
      between the albumin and HES subjects.

PMID- 6831897
TI  - Central venous versus esophageal pressure changes for calculation of lung
      compliance during mechanical ventilation.
AB  - Esophageal and CVP changes were measured simultaneously during mechanical
      ventilation in 12 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). The results of
      these measurements were different and showed no correlation. Values of
      transpulmonary pressure changes and calculated lung compliances correlated well,
      because of the higher airway pressure changes. It is concluded, therefore, that
      measurements of esophageal and CVP changes are equally well suited for these
      calculations. For practical purposes, there is no need to measure a representant
      of intrapleural pressure changes, because during mechanical ventilation total
      static compliance calculations can be used to monitor changes in lung compliance,
      provided the thoracic cage compliance is not reduced substantially and does not
      change during the course of the studies. Clinical awareness of factors
      influencing thoracic cage compliance is important. The difference in
      transpulmonary and transthoracic pressure relationships during mechanical
      ventilation and during spontaneous breathing is emphasized. In spontaneous
      breathing, intrapleural pressure changes are determined primarily by the elastic
      properties of the lungs; in mechanical ventilation, on the other hand, by the
      elastic properties of the thoracic cage.

PMID- 6831899
TI  - Systolic pressure amplification in pedal arteries in children.
AB  - Sphygmomanometric indirect blood pressure readings on the arm were compared to
      direct blood pressure readings from the radial and pedal arteries in pediatric
      patients. The direct systolic pressure in the pedal arteries was significantly (p
      less than 0.001) greater (25.1 +/- 12.3 mm Hg) than the indirect arm systolic
      pressure. The direct systolic pressure from the radial artery was identical to
      the indirect systolic arm pressure. Although there were no statistical
      differences between direct and indirect diastolic pressures, correlations for
      diastolic pressures were relatively poor. These data indicate that (1) there is a
      significant and unpredictable amplification of systolic pressure in the pedal
      arteries which may result in erroneous diagnosis of hypertension or jeopardize
      early detection of circulatory shock, (2) indirect blood pressure measurement
      with the recommended cuff width (125% of arm diameter or 40% of arm
      circumference) accurately reflects direct systolic pressure in the radial artery,
      and (3) indirect blood pressure measurement gives a relatively poor prediction of
      direct diastolic pressures.

PMID- 6831900
TI  - Chemstrip glucose test strips: correlation with true glucose values less than 80
      mg/dl.
AB  - Estimations of blood glucose in the range 0-80 mg/dl were performed using the
      Chemstrip bG and StatTek Glucose Low Level test strips. Estimations of glucose
      levels closely approximated values obtained by a quantitative, enzymatic
      reference method; both appear to be excellent screening tests for hypoglycemia.
      There were no false-negatives, the tests were 100% sensitive and predicted the
      absence of hypoglycemia, as defined by a plasma glucose value of less than 30
      mg/dl, in every case. Therefore, significant hypoglycemia should not be missed.
      Both give some false positives; in the usual neonatal intensive care population,
      about 4 of 10 Chemstrip readings of less than 40 mg/dl would lead to an
      unnecessary blood glucose determination, an acceptable rate for this type of
      test. The Chemstrip bG technique, a simple and useful test, should be valuable
      for blood glucose screening in the nursery.

PMID- 6831901
TI  - A device for rapid plasma separation.
AB  - The STATSEP Plasma Separator (Instrumentation Laboratory, Inc, Lexington, MA), a
      device for rapidly separating plasma from whole blood, generates plasma at the
      rate of 0.5 ml/min by filtration rather than centrifugation. When plasma was
      separated by conventional centrifugation or by the plasma separator, there were
      no clinically significant differences in concentrations of a variety of important
      analytes in duplicate specimens. In addition, there were no clinically
      significant differences in measurements of prothrombin times (PT) and partial
      thromboplastin times (PTT) on plasmas generated by the 2 techniques. This device,
      therefore, reduces the analytic time of these frequent coagulation tests by 9
      min. The above tests were performed on patients with leukemia and with benign and
      neoplastic elevations of platelet counts, with no differences seen between plasma
      specimens separated by either technique. Elevated hematocrits, however, require
      as much as 2 min to produce 0.5 ml of plasma. Both the machine and disposables
      are inexpensive and easy to operate.

PMID- 6831902
TI  - Long-term high frequency jet ventilation in a 3-year-old child.
AB  - Successful management of a large bronchopleural fistula in a 3-yr-old child with
      high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is described. Respiratory insufficiency in
      the child occurred secondary to hemophilus influenza pneumonia. After 7 days of
      conventional ventilatory support, a bronchopleural fistula occurred with massive
      lung collapse and subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. The child was
      ventilated with a high frequency jet ventilator for 37 days with resulting
      healing of the fistula. During ventilatory support with HFJV, no sedation or
      muscle relaxants were needed. Two problem areas in long-term support in children
      were discussed, namely, partial tube obstruction because of thick secretion and
      the need for proper humidification. A significant advantage of HFJV was the
      ability to superimpose it on spontaneous breathing with elimination of sedation
      or muscle relaxants.

PMID- 6831903
TI  - Traumatic acute mitral regurgitation secondary to blunt chest trauma.
AB  - An 18-yr-old male involved in a motor vehicle accident developed acute traumatic
      mitral regurgitation with fulminant pulmonary edema and death. He had prominent V
      waves on his pulmonary arterial trace, a history of chest trauma, frothy pink
      pulmonary edema, and elevated pulmonary artery, wedge, and CVP. His ECG was
      normal and physical exam was negative for a typical murmur. He was on a
      ventilator and had copious secretions, making the diagnosis of a murmur
      difficult. A high index of suspicion is necessary when any patient is admitted
      with a history of chest trauma so that the diagnosis of a ruptured mitral valve
      is not missed.

PMID- 6831904
TI  - Temporary transvenous atrial pacing for the control of supraventricular
      tachycardia in the coronary care unit.
AB  - Until the present, temporary atrial pacing techniques for acutely ill patients
      with supraventricular arrhythmias have been most widely used following open heart
      surgery. The recent availability of stable J-shaped temporary atrial pacing
      catheters promises to broaden the use of atrial pacing to patients with such
      arrhythmias who have not had a thoracotomy. Two cases with resistant
      supraventricular arrhythmias were successfully treated using temporary
      transvenous pacing leads placed in the right atrial appendage.

PMID- 6831905
TI  - Long-term cryopreservation of dog granulocytes.

PMID- 6831906
TI  - Photoperiod and pinealectomy do not affect cold-induced deposition of brown
      adipose tissue in the Long-Evans rat.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue is a major thermogenic effector of cold-induced nonshivering
      thermogenesis. Previous studies indicate that melatonin and/or short photoperiod
      are involved in the increase in brown fat deposition seen in certain cold
      acclimated rodents. The present study was undertaken, in part, to determine
      whether the pineal is a necessary component in the cold-induced increase in
      thermogenic capacity characteristic of the cold-acclimated laboratory rat. Under
      a 12L:12D light cycle, pinealectomized rats did not differ from sham-operated
      rats in their ability to increase brown fat deposition in the cold (5 degrees C).
      Moreover, in a subsequent set of experiments performed at 9 degrees C, intact
      rats maintained at a short photoperiod (9L:15D) exhibited the same degree of
      brown fat hypertrophy/hyperplasia as did those kept at a long photoperiod
      (15L:9D). These data thus indicate that: (a) the intact pineal is not necessary
      for the cold-induced increase in brown adipose tissue occurring in the cold
      acclimated rat; and (b) photoperiod does not significantly modulate the magnitude
      of this increase.

PMID- 6831907
TI  - GCT-conditioned medium: an unsuitable stimulus for monitoring granulocyte-
      macrophage colony-forming cells in cryopreserved bone marrow.
AB  - Assays of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells provide a means of testing
      the viability of cryopreserved bone marrow cells intended for autologous
      transplantation. We have compared two different sources of granulocyte-macrophage
      colony-stimulating activity, giant cell tumor-conditioned medium (GCT-CM) and
      peripheral blood leukocyte feeder layers, to determine whether the former is a
      suitable substitute for leukocyte feeder layers in the assay. The results show
      that GCT-CM, while providing a comparable stimulus to that provided by leukocyte
      feeder layers for colony formation by fresh bone marrow samples, is an inadequate
      stimulus when cryopreserved bone marrow samples are cultured. GCT-CM is not
      therefore suitable for use in monitoring cryopreserved bone marrow, since there
      is gross underestimation of the number of colony-forming cells present when this
      stimulus is used. The results suggest that great care should be taken when
      selecting alternative sources of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      activity for culture of cryopreserved material.

PMID- 6831909
TI  - The effect of ice formation on the function of smooth muscle tissue stored at -21
      or -60 degrees C.

PMID- 6831908
TI  - The role of choline phospholipids in hypertonic cryohemolysis.
AB  - Hemolysis resulting from a warm-to-cold temperature shift in a hypertonic
      environment (hypertonic cryohemolysis) is studied with the use of phospholipases
      as membrane probes of the phospholipids of the outer leaflet of the bilayer. Bee
      venom phospholipase A2 which attacks only phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the intact
      erythrocyte results in inhibition of cryohemolysis produced by both hypertonic
      sodium chloride and sucrose. In both cases, about 25% of the loss of PC occurs
      before any such inhibition, suggesting the possibility of functionally separate
      domains of PC in the outer leaflet of the bilayer. Sphingomyelinase also attacks
      only sphingomyelin in the intact erythrocyte and results in inhibition of
      cryohemolysis due to hypertonic sodium chloride but not of that due to sucrose.
      In each case, inhibition of the enzymatic hydrolysis by EDTA abolished the effect
      on cryohemolysis. It is postulated that cryohemolysis is inhibited when
      phospholipid interaction with membrane (cytoskeletal) proteins are abolished, but
      present knowledge of membrane structure does not permit a detailed mechanism to
      be proposed.

PMID- 6831910
TI  - The effects of different concentrations of glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide on the
      metabolic activities of kidney slices.
AB  - Kidney slices either were exposed to the cryoprotectants for 1 hr at room
      temperature and subsequently washed and incubated in fresh KR buffer containing
      only the radioactive metabolic tracers, or were immediately incubated for 2 hr at
      37 degrees C in KR buffer containing the cryoprotectant and the tracers. Exposure
      to glycerol by incubation of kidney slices in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      containing varying concentrations of glycerol from 0 to 70% (v/v) resulted in a
      pronounced inhibitory effect on the protein synthesizing activity, while
      thymidine incorporation into DNA and the alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake
      through the cell membranes were less affected. Exposure of the tissue to buffer
      containing dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) in concentrations of 10 to 20% (v/v)
      resulted in a stimulatory effect on metabolism. At higher concentrations, Me2SO
      was toxic resulting in damaging effects on protein and DNA synthesis as well as
      on membrane integrity. The stimulatory effects of exposure to low concentrations
      of Me2SO on protein and DNA synthesis in kidney slices were concluded to be the
      result of an increased transport of precursors through the cell membranes.

PMID- 6831911
TI  - Neutrophil migration in canines: in vivo comparison of granulocyte function
      following 24-hour storage at 6 or 20 degrees C of leukocyte concentrates or of
      granulocytes purified by counterflow centrifugation--elutriation.
AB  - The use of granulocyte-rich concentrates from leukaphresis purified by
      counterflow centrifugation--elutriation to obtain pure granulocytes for
      transfusion studies in cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic animal models is
      reported. Our data for granulocyte-rich leukapheresis concentrates indicate that
      room temperature (20 degrees C) appears to be preferred to 6 degrees C for short
      term granulocyte storage. The data also indicate that although the granulocytes
      isolated by counterflow centrifugation--elutration may retain in vitro functions
      of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity, the in vivo function of
      migration into skin chambers for isolated granulocytes is seriously impaired
      after storage for 18 to 24 hr at both 6 and 20 degrees C. This loss of in vivo
      function of stored granulocytes occurs in isolated granulocytes obtained by both
      counterflow centrifugation--elutriation and dextran sedimentation, and it is not
      observed in the leukocyte concentrates held at 20 degrees C. The results of these
      studies are four-fold. First, freshly isolated granulocytes display no apparent
      loss of either in vivo or in vitro function. Second, granulocytes isolated by
      counterflow centrifugation--elutriation or dextran sedimentation and stored at 6
      or 20 degrees C are severely impaired in terms of their in vivo chemotactic
      function but display no loss of in vitro efficacy. Third, 20 degrees C storage of
      granulocyte-rich leukapheresis concentrates for 18 to 24 hr is superior to 6
      degrees C storage. Fourth, in vitro analysis may be limited in its ability to
      indicate in vivo function as a measure of success in granulocyte preservation
      studies.

PMID- 6831913
TI  - Cryopreservation of spinach chloroplast membranes by low-molecular-weight
      carbohydrates. I. Evidence for cryoprotection by a noncolligative-type mechanism.
AB  - In freezing experiments with isolated spinach thylakoids (Spinacia oleracea L.
      cv. Monatol) the cryoprotective efficiency of various low-molecular-weight
      polyols was determined. The activity of cyclic photophosphorylation was used as
      an assay for the functional integrity of the membranes. The results were compared
      with the osmotic behavior of the cryoprotectants at high concentrations.
      Equimolal concentrations of polyols which exhibit nearly comparable freezing
      point depressions even at high concentrations differed considerably in their
      protective capacity during a freeze-thaw cycle. This was particularly distinct
      when glucose, galactose, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether were compared, but
      was also evident when various pentoses and deoxy-hexoses were used as
      cryoprotectants. Even in the absence of freezing, carbohydrates exerted a
      stabilizing influence on biomembranes. From the data it is suggested that in
      addition to colligative action of the compounds, a specific noncolligative
      mechanism contributes to membrane protection during freezing.

PMID- 6831912
TI  - Cyclophosphamide pretreatment in tumor cryotherapy: a comparison with alternative
      drugs.
AB  - The method of Turk and Lagrange for modulating immune responses in favor of the
      cell-mediated effector arm by using single high doses of cyclophosphamide 3 days
      before antigen has previously been shown to cause decreased rates of local tumor
      recurrence when adapted as an adjunctive therapy to cryosurgery in a murine
      model. This series of experiments compares cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and
      methotrexate against cryosurgery alone in the same therapeutic protocol. Only
      cyclophosphamide gave enhanced numbers of cures; azathioprine caused an increase
      in metastases arising concurrently with local tumor recrudescence.

PMID- 6831914
TI  - Cryopreservation of spinach chloroplast membranes by low-molecular-weight
      carbohydrates. II. Discrimination between colligative and noncolligative
      protection.
AB  - Thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L. cv.
      Monatol) were subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle in the presence of various
      concentrations of sugars, polyhydric alcohols, and NaCl. Functional integrity of
      the membranes was assayed by means of cyclic photophosphorylation. From the
      nonideal activity-concentration profiles of the carbohydrates the effective NaCl
      concentrations in the surroundings of the membranes at the respective freezing
      temperatures were calculated. Comparison of the cryoprotective efficiency of the
      various polyols revealed that cryopreservation by low-molecular-weight compounds
      is predominantly due to colligative action of the solutes. In addition, specific
      effects of carbohydrates which cannot be explained by the colligative concept are
      involved in cryoprotection. At NaCl concentrations exceeding 15 mm, the relative
      contribution of noncolligative membrane protection of a given polyol to overall
      cryopreservation was independent of the salt concentration. However, during
      freezing in the presence of very low salt concentrations, for instance 1-4 mm
      NaCl, cryoprotection due to colligative phenomena is reduced in favor of other
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6831915
TI  - Surgery of thyroid nodules and malignancy.

PMID- 6831916
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 6831918
TI  - Doppler ultrasonic imaging of the cervical carotid artery: does it overlook
      significant intracranial and intrathoracic arterial disease?

PMID- 6831924
TI  - Nummular (orbicular) eczema.

PMID- 6831925
TI  - Urticaria from animals, their appendages, and secretions.

PMID- 6831923
TI  - Hereditary angioedema.

PMID- 6831917
TI  - The magnetic stoma cap: a continent colostomy current status.

PMID- 6831921
TI  - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon.

PMID- 6831920
TI  - Design and anatomic location of the ileal reservoir determine functional results
      after ileoanal anastomosis.

PMID- 6831922
TI  - Effect of colloid versus crystalloid resuscitation on soft tissue edema
      formation.

PMID- 6831926
TI  - Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 6831927
TI  - Psoriasis of the nails.

PMID- 6831919
TI  - Neonatal malnutrition: an underlying etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 6831929
TI  - Diagnostic pitfalls in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: indications for palmar
      skin biopsy.

PMID- 6831930
TI  - Nonrashes. 4. Audible signs of cutaneous disease.
AB  - There is more than one reason why dermatologists should listen to their patients.
      Audible signs of cutaneous disease range from the classic, early childhood
      hoarseness of lipoid proteinosis to a characteristic hoarseness due to syphilitic
      papules on the epiglottis and arytenoepiglottic folds.

PMID- 6831928
TI  - Lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 6831931
TI  - Allergic reaction to triethanolamine stearate in a sunscreen.

PMID- 6831933
TI  - Hypopigmentation of the glans penis.

PMID- 6831932
TI  - Interdigital pedal basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6831934
TI  - A case of partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q34 leads to 7qter).

PMID- 6831935
TI  - Fetal movements and their relation to maternal metabolite and hormonal
      concentrations.

PMID- 6831936
TI  - Precordial electrocardiographic mapping after exercise. Diagnostic value and
      correlation with coronary arteriography.

PMID- 6831937
TI  - Risk of exposure to teratogens amongst laboratory staff and painters.

PMID- 6831938
TI  - Amyloid tumor of the breast.

PMID- 6831939
TI  - Breast-feeding and infant health in Copenhagen 1941-1972.

PMID- 6831940
TI  - A new dynamic splint for treatment of contractures of the finger joints.

PMID- 6831941
TI  - Effectiveness of case history in predicting arteriosclerotic vascular events and
      death in geriatric patients.

PMID- 6831942
TI  - The profile of early infectious syphilis in Denmark.

PMID- 6831943
TI  - A chromosomal survey of an institution for the mentally retarded. Study of 476
      karyotypes with banding techniques and clinical assessment of patients with
      chromosome anomalies.

PMID- 6831944
TI  - Chronic vitamin A intoxication. Portal hypertension without hepatic cirrhosis in
      a patient with chronic vitamin A intoxication.

PMID- 6831945
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a cause of death in pneumococcal
      pneumonia. Report of ten cases.
AB  - The Pneumococcus continues to be a common cause of infectious pneumonia; however,
      the cause of death in pneumococcal disease remains obscure. Ten patients are
      described who developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary
      to pneumococcal pneumonia. The patients are young (median age, 33 years) and
      leukopenic (median white blood cell count, 2.1 cells/cu mm) and have a mortality
      of 50 percent (five patients). It is postulated that pulmonary sequestration of
      leukocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis of ARDS secondary to pneumococcal
      disease. Four different pneumococcal capsular subtypes (9V [68]; 9A [33]; 4; 3)
      were found capable of causing ARDS. The currently available pneumococcal vaccine
      does not contain two of the capsular subtypes associated with ARDS.

PMID- 6831946
TI  - Comparison between an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a beta 2-adrenergic agonist
      in bronchial asthma.
AB  - Fifteen patients suffering from asthma received inhalations of phentolamine,
      albuterol (salbutamol), a combination of phentolamine and albuterol, and placebo,
      in a single-blind fashion; the changes in the pulmonary function tests were
      recorded over a three-hour period. Three patients responded to phentolamine with
      marked bronchodilatation, whereas severe bronchoconstriction was induced by the
      drug in two patients. Five patients improved more with phentolamine than with
      placebo, while all patients improved more markedly with albuterol and still more
      following inhalation of the combination of both drugs. As a group, there were no
      statistically significant differences between the responses to phentolamine
      compared with placebo, or between albuterol alone compared with the combination
      of both drugs. We concluded that both alpha-antagonist and beta 2-agonist agents
      act in the same direction in most patients, the beta 2-agonist being the
      dominant. These results do not offer convincing proof that enhanced alpha
      adrenergic activity is the main bronchoconstrictor mechanism even in those few
      with good response to phentolamine, who also showed very good responsiveness to
      albuterol. The mechanism of phentolamine-induced bronchoconstriction was
      discussed, but in the light of presently accepted theories, we were unable to
      evolve a reasonable explanation.

PMID- 6831947
TI  - Glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine bioprosthesis. Factors affecting performance as
      determined by pathologic studies.
AB  - The causes of porcine valve failure were evaluated pathologically in 129
      bioprostheses (BP) removed at surgery or necropsy. Fifty-one BP had been in place
      for less than two months (early explants); most of the complications of this
      group were observed in the mitral position: left ventricular outflow obstruction
      (43 percent), thrombosis (23.5 percent), myocardial dysruption (20 percent),
      cardiac rupture (10 percent), and perivalvular leak (3.5 percent). Among the 78
      explants in place for more than two months (late explants), 66 had evidence of
      dysfunction. Calcification was the leading cause of failure (46 percent),
      followed by thrombosis (17 percent), endocarditis (12 percent), fibrous tissue
      overgrowth (10 percent), perivalvular leak (9 percent), and primary cusp tears (6
      percent). Calcific degeneration is a hallmark of the phenomenon of
      biodegradation, and experimental animal models are encouraged since they may
      represent the clue to preventing calcification and therefore enhancing
      performance and durability of the porcine BP.

PMID- 6831948
TI  - Physician knowledge in the use of canister nebulizers.
AB  - The knowledge and skills of physicians were evaluated regarding some practical
      details of the usage of bronchodilators administered by canister nebulizers to
      determine the need for specific physician instruction in the correct usage. Fifty
      five house officers and nonpulmonary attending staff from the Department of
      Medicine were interviewed individually. Each physician was handed a placebo
      canister and asked a series of standard questions regarding the recognition,
      assembly, and correct inhalation technique of the device. Correct assembly of the
      device was performed by 68 percent and 36 percent of house officers and attending
      staff, respectively. Only 40 percent of the participants correctly performed more
      than four of the seven steps felt to constitute a correct inhalation maneuver.
      The results reveal inadequacies in physicians' knowledge of the correct technical
      usage of canister nebulizers and suggest that greater attention be paid to
      instructing physicians in the correct inhalation technique if their role in
      patient education is to be effectively realized.

PMID- 6831949
TI  - Validation of respiratory inductive plethysmography in patients with pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - The assumption that the respiratory system behaves with 2 df of motion in healthy
      persons allows calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) with
      spirometry (SP). To ascertain whether RIP could be calibrated by the same
      assumption in patients with lung disease, even though at least 3 df of motion are
      visualized (ie, upper and lower rib cage and upper and lower abdomen move out of
      phase), RIP was calibrated by a two-position calibration procedure and validated
      satisfactorily by simultaneous SP in the erect, semirecumbent, supine, and
      lateral decubitus positions. In lung disease, the contribution to tidal volume of
      regions moving independently of the combined rib cage and abdominal movements
      either is small or remains relatively constant with change of body posture. For
      clinical monitoring of the resting breathing pattern where patient movements
      cannot be restricted, respiratory inductive plethysmography can serve as a
      reliable semiquantitative, noninvasive ventilatory monitoring device.

PMID- 6831951
TI  - Lung sound intensity variability in normal men. A contour phonopneumographic
      study.
AB  - We describe and demonstrate a new lung sound measurement and display technique by
      which contour maps of lung sound intensity may be constructed. Using this
      technique, we have studied the lower posterolateral chest wall of ten healthy
      subjects. The data revealed an unexpectedly high degree of intersubject and
      intrasubject variation. The reason for this variation is obscure but probably
      relates to the basic mechanisms of production and transmission of lung sounds.

PMID- 6831950
TI  - Prevention of suctioning-related arterial oxygen desaturation. Comparison of off
      ventilator and on-ventilator suctioning.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of arterial
      oxygen desaturation during and after endotracheal suctioning in a group of
      ventilator-dependent patients with acute respiratory failure (the majority of
      whom had underlying obstructive lung disease) and to evaluate the efficacy of
      several maneuvers designed to minimize desaturation. The adaptor method presented
      obviates both removal from and reconnection to the ventilator during suctioning,
      as well as the need to alter ventilator settings. It is concluded that on
      ventilator adaptor suctioning is a simple and effective measure for minimizing
      suctioning-related arterial oxygen desaturation.

PMID- 6831952
TI  - Anatomic and clinical analysis of 96 Beall prostheses explanted over a 13-year
      period.
AB  - Over 13 years, 96 Beall prostheses (80 Teflon, 16 Pyrolite) explanted at surgery
      were examined for durability, material wear, and clinical symptoms leading to
      surgical indication for excision were evaluated. The Teflon valves showed
      progressive disc wear and notching and two cases of disc escape from the cage;
      the Pyrolite discs were intact in all prostheses. The Dacron-Velour covering
      common to both types showed dehiscence at the inlet, significantly more severe
      after the third implant year in the Teflon (p less than 0.005) than in the
      Pyrolite prostheses. Sixty-nine (85 percent) cases with Teflon valves showed
      clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure due to prosthetic
      dysfunction; in 50 there was significant hemolytic anemia. Seven (44 percent) of
      the 16 Pyrolite disc valves were excised primarily because of dysfunction. The
      degree of hemolysis with the Pyrolite valves was usually mild. These data clearly
      suggested the advisability of early excision of the Beall Teflon prostheses in
      symptomatic patients and a close follow-up in patients with the Pyrolite models.

PMID- 6831954
TI  - Postoperative pericarditis following thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. A
      prospective study.
AB  - Eight consecutive patients who underwent thymectomy for the treatment of
      myasthenia gravis were evaluated prospectively for the development of
      postoperative pericarditis. In four of the eight patients (50 percent)
      pericarditis developed within 48 hours after thymectomy. All four had a three
      component pericardial friction rub, two of the four patients had a new
      postoperative pericardial effusion by echocardiography, and in two typical ECG
      diffuse concave ST segment elevation and evolutionary ST and T wave changes
      developed. In the four patients with postoperative pericarditis, a malignant
      thymoma adherent to the pericardium was found in two, while two patients had a
      normal thymus histology with no adherence to the pericardium. Thus, postoperative
      pericarditis was found in both of the patients with a thymoma and in two of six
      patients without a thymoma. This study demonstrates that a high incidence of
      pericarditis occurs following thymectomy for the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 6831953
TI  - Lung mechanics in sitting and horizontal body positions.
AB  - We measured lung compliance, pulmonary flow-resistance, and expiratory reserve
      volume (ERV) in ten healthy young adults in sitting, supine, and lateral
      positions. Average lung compliance was 0.21 in sitting, 0.19 in lateral and 0.16
      L.cm H2O-1 in supine positions. The change was significant (p less than 0.01)
      between sitting and supine position. Flow-resistance increased from 1.78 in
      sitting to 2.5 cm H2O.L-1.s (p less than 0.001) in lateral positions, and did not
      increase further in the supine posture in spite of a 35 percent decrease in ERV
      (p less than 0.001). Since it is known that lower airways resistance increases
      with decreasing lung volume, the lack of change in flow-resistance when shifting
      from lateral to supine posture suggests that upper airways flow-resistance
      (larynx and oropharynx) is greater in the lateral decubitus than in the supine
      positions. The decrease of lung compliance in horizontal postures probably
      reflects increased pulmonary blood volume and small airways closure.

PMID- 6831956
TI  - Noncardiac chest sonography. The state of the art.

PMID- 6831955
TI  - Preservation of myocardial ATP. Comparison of blood vs crystalloid cardioplegia.
AB  - Preservation of myocardial high-energy phosphates correlates with the heart's
      ability to resume normal function following aortic crossclamping (AXC). The
      ability of the canine myocardium to synthesize and maintain ATP during 180
      minutes of AXC was evaluated in 12 hearts subjected to either blood or
      crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. Group 1 hearts were arrested by infusion of 750
      ml of blood potassium cardioplegia (BKC) solution into the aortic root initially
      and every 30 minutes, as were group 2 (six) hearts but with a crystalloid
      cardioplegia (CC) solution. Transmural left ventricular biopsy specimens were
      obtained for ATP analysis prior to AXC (control), before and after cardioplegia
      injections 2, 4, and 6, prior to unclamping (180 minutes of AXC), and 30 minutes
      following reperfusion. ATP levels increased significantly above control (p less
      than 0.005) during the 180 minutes of AXC immediately following infusion of BKC.
      At the end of 180 minutes of AXC and following 30 minutes of reperfusion, ATP was
      noted to be normal in this group (p = NS). In contrast, ATP levels fell
      significantly (p less than 0.005) during the period of aortic cross-clamping in
      the crystalloid cardioplegia group and did not return to normal even after 30
      minutes of reperfusion (p less than 0.005). We concluded that BKC, by presenting
      the arrested myocyte with adequate oxygen and substrate, allows for synthesis and
      preservation of myocardial ATP during periods of AXC as long as three hours. In
      this respect, it should be regarded as superior to CC, which permits a
      statistically significant depletion of ATP (p less than 0.005) uncorrected, even
      after 30 minutes of reperfusion in the beating, nonworking state.

PMID- 6831957
TI  - Transient digitoxic double tachycardia.

PMID- 6831958
TI  - Congestive heart failure and absent femoral pulses in newborns without
      coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - Two infants with thrombosis of the abdominal aorta are discussed. In each case
      the presentation was indistinguishable from that in coarctation of the aorta,
      with heart failure and absent femoral pulses. Surgery in one infant successfully
      relieved the obstruction. The diagnosis may not be suspected from the history.
      Aggressive management is indicated.

PMID- 6831959
TI  - Paroxysmal nodal reentrant tachycardia. Surgical cure with preservation of
      atrioventricular conduction.
AB  - In a patient with repetitive disabling tachycardias refractory to pharmacologic
      treatment, the electrophysiologic study suggested the existence of
      atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia. During ventricular pacing,
      endoepicardial mapping of the lower atrium showed the atrial breakthrough point
      in an area of the lower interatrial septum close to the AV node crista. A
      selective atriotomy was performed. The postoperative electrophysiologic studies
      showed absence of ventriculoatrial conduction at several ventricular pacing
      rates, while antegrade conduction is preserved. The patient remained free of
      arrhythmias 21 months after surgery, taking no antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 6831960
TI  - Azathioprine-associated pulmonary dysfunction.
AB  - We present a case of azathioprine-associated alveolitis diagnosed by gallium-67
      scanning and transbronchial biopsy. The patient denied respiratory symptoms,
      exhibited spiking fevers, and had normal chest roentgenograms. Allopurinol
      inhibition of azathioprine metabolism may have been a contributing factor.

PMID- 6831961
TI  - Cholesteryl ester crystals in a porcine aortic valvular bioprosthesis implanted
      for eight years.
AB  - Masses of crystals, which were largely composed of cholesteryl esters, were found
      in a porcine aortic valvular bioprosthesis removed eight years after implantation
      in the mitral position in a patient with rheumatic mitral valvular stenosis.
      Histologic sections of grossly raised and nonraised yellow lesions in the three
      cusps of this bioprosthesis revealed large clefts, which on frozen section
      contained lipid-positive, birefringent crystals. These crystals gave a positive
      reaction with the Schultz test for cholesterol. Biochemical analyses of isolated
      nodules revealed a cholesterol content of 40 nmole/mg of wet tissue. Of this
      cholesterol, 88 percent was esterified, and the remaining 12 percent was free
      cholesterol. These cholesterol deposits are most likely derived from blood
      lipids; however, they were not related to hyperlipidemia, since the patient had
      normal blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.

PMID- 6831962
TI  - Left ventricular function in peripartum cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Although many cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy have been reported in the
      literature, detailed data from left heart catheterization and contrast
      ventriculography are unavailable. A patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy had
      catheterization performed to clarify the diagnosis. Hemodynamics at rest and with
      exercise, angiographic volumes, and indices of left ventricular function are
      presented. The data indicate no serious abnormality of global systolic left
      ventricular function in this patient although a segmental wall motion abnormality
      was noted. Volume overload or diminished diastolic compliance may explain the
      symptoms of heart failure in some patients with this disease.

PMID- 6831963
TI  - Bedside pulmonary angiography: some criticism.

PMID- 6831964
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography as a diagnostic aid in central vein
      catheterization.

PMID- 6831965
TI  - Fatal outcome following nifedipine for pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6831966
TI  - Persistent catheter-induced coronary artery spasm.

PMID- 6831969
TI  - Incidence of acute aortic dissection at autopsy.

PMID- 6831967
TI  - Knotting of a Swan-Ganz catheter in the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 6831968
TI  - Cardiac involvement in mixed connective tissue disease. Pathomorphologic changes.

PMID- 6831971
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci from a hospital environment.
AB  - The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative
      staphylococci has been followed over 4 years (1977-1980). 90% of the strains
      produced beta-lactamase. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were more resistant
      than S. aureus, although beta-lactamase production occurred more rarely. Strains
      from the sputum of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) were more multiresistant
      than isolates from other sources. The strains from hospitalized patients (HP)
      were more resistant than isolates from out-patients. A higher frequency of beta
      lactamase production occurred among strains from CF and HP patients compared to
      out-patients. This occurred in samples from pus and wounds in 66% of the strains
      derived from non-hospitalized patients compared with 93% from surgical patients.

PMID- 6831970
TI  - Serum and tissue tinidazole concentrations after intravenous infusion.
AB  - Before appendectomy 36 adult patients were given an intravenous infusion of 500
      mg of tinidazole. In the operation tissue samples were taken (blood, base of
      appendix vermiformis, muscle, fat) either 10, 20, 30, 60, or 120 min after
      cessation of infusion. The tinidazole concentrations were determined by liquid
      chromatography. The weight-standardized tinidazole concentrations in the serum,
      muscle tissue and appendix in all specimens were higher than the minimal
      inhibitory concentration (2 micrograms/g) of Bacteroides fragilis. The tinidazole
      concentrations of adipose tissue exceeded the limit of 1 microgram/g in all
      samples. The concentrations were high already in the 10-min patient group. The
      authors consider a tinidazole infusion started half an hour before the operation
      at a dose of 10 mg/kg of the patient's body weight to be a reliable procedure if
      the objective is to acquire a sufficient tissue concentration of tinidazole (2
      micrograms/g) to prevent infection complications caused by anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 6831972
TI  - A new in situ organ culture technique using the early chick blastoderm.

PMID- 6831973
TI  - Proprietary firms and child welfare services: patterns and implications.
AB  - Results from a comprehensive survey of public child welfare services reveal that
      for-profit firms are widely used as purchase-of-service contractors despite the
      social service field's traditional philosophical opposition to proprietary
      involvement in human service delivery. Taking note of this and larger economic
      trends, the author suggests several attitudinal and administrative adjustments
      that could make contracting a more effective tool for serving children, and the
      choice of vendor an empirical, rather than ideological, issue.

PMID- 6831975
TI  - Suggestions for reaching unmarried black adolescent fathers.

PMID- 6831974
TI  - Success or failure? A case study.

PMID- 6831976
TI  - Treating children in residential group psychotherapy.
AB  - The underlying principle in this approach to group treatment is provision of
      protective limits. In such a model, the therapist is required to operate as a
      benevolent authority. These children are offered a new view of authority that is
      firm, consistent, and nonpunitive. As a result, group members come to rely on the
      safety present in the group experience to develop greater awareness of their
      feelings and needs. In essence, their emotional needs are recognized and
      addressed directly, which supports emotional and social development and
      adaptation. By learning to control their behavior and by understanding their
      needs, these children can also come to learn how to get along with each other.
      For these children such achievements represent significant changes in the way
      they view themselves, as well as the world around them.

PMID- 6831977
TI  - Meeting children's needs through placement: the placement evaluation program.

PMID- 6831978
TI  - Ameliorating the impact of teen-age pregnancy on parent and child.
AB  - The increase in teen-age pregnancy creates a growing population of young mothers
      unable to care adequately for themselves or their children. Responding to budget
      cuts in Utah, the authors report on a program that combines the resources of an
      agency and a university program to teach mothers child care and self-sufficiency,
      promotes the healthy development of their children, and gives field training to
      social work students.

PMID- 6831979
TI  - Sexual abuse of children: issues for social service and health professionals.

PMID- 6831980
TI  - The relationship of socioeconomic status and sex to body size, skeletal
      maturation, and cognitive status of Guatemala City schoolchildren.
AB  - Longitudinal data from a study of child development in Guatemala City were used
      to describe the influence of socioeconomic status and sex on physical and
      cognitive growth status. The correlation between the growth status variables was
      also analyzed. The sample included 144 Guatemalan children, 46 of low SES, 52 of
      middle SES, and 46 of high SES. The children were students in 5 urban primary
      schools. 3 physical variables, height, weight, and skeletal age, were measured
      annually from first to sixth grade. Two cognitive variables, general intelligence
      and reading ability, were measured in grades 1, 3, 4, or 5. Significant
      differences between SES groups existed for all variables. However, the
      differences in each grade were greater for the cognitive measures than for the
      physical measures. Compared with high SES children, middle SES boys and low SES
      boys and girls experienced significantly greater delayed growth in height than in
      weight or skeletal age. It is possible that these height delays may result in a
      permanent reduction in stature. The only consistently significant sex-related
      difference was for skeletal age; girls were more mature than boys in each grade.
      When SES was statistically controlled, there was no significant correlation
      between physical and cognitive growth status for girls and only a few moderate
      but statistically significant correlations for boys.

PMID- 6831981
TI  - From spontaneous to instrumental behavior: kinematic analysis of movement changes
      during very early learning.
AB  - 3-month-old infants who can activate a mobile with their spontaneous leg kicks
      increase their kick rate over baseline. Kinematic analyses of the temporal and
      topographic characteristics of reinforced leg kicks were compared with those of
      infants who saw noncontingent mobile movement. In both experimental and control
      groups, the flexion and extension movement phases of the kick remained remarkably
      invariant in duration. Pauses between movements varied inversely with rate. Kick
      amplitude increased with increasing rate except in the extinction phase, where in
      some infants, kicks became less frequent but more forceful. Movement duration was
      unaffected by reinforcement condition. By varying amplitude and frequency
      domains, infants adjusted movement by neuromuscular mechanisms similar to those
      of mature humans. The experimental imposition of a voluntary component on
      spontaneous kicking did not alter the modifiability of the movement control
      parameters.

PMID- 6831982
TI  - Evaluative understanding and role-taking ability: a comparison of deaf and
      hearing children.
AB  - The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the growth of social-cognitive
      knowledge in deaf and hearing children during the early and middle school years
      and (2) to assess the relative importance of language in 2 domains of social
      cognition. This study separately examined the child's ability to (1) evaluate the
      concepts of good and bad and (2) take another person's perspective. Subjects
      consisted of 30 deaf and 30 hearing children divided into 3 developmental levels
      (52 months, 74 months, and 119 months old). For the good/bad evaluation test,
      each child was shown 12 sets of multiple-choice pictures. Each set had 4
      alternatives, which included 1 good, 1 bad, or all neutral activities. Role
      taking ability was evaluated through the child's choice of strategy in a binary
      choice hiding/guessing game. The results showed that deaf children evidence a
      developmental delay in the understanding of the concepts of good and bad. With
      regard to role-taking ability, there appears to be a developmental delay with
      young deaf children, which is no longer apparent by the age of 6. The assumption
      of egocentrism in school-age deaf children frequently found in the literature
      thus appears to be misleading. It is not that these deaf children are unable to
      take another person's perspective, but rather that they are delayed in evaluative
      understanding. The results suggest that language is of varying importance in
      differing domains of social and personality development.

PMID- 6831983
TI  - Cardiac orienting and vowel discrimination in newborns: crucial stimulus
      parameters.
AB  - To delineate the acoustic parameters crucial for eliciting a cardiac deceleratory
      response in newborns, 2 experiments investigated stimulus dimensions implicated
      as important by previous research. In experiment 1, the temporal pattern and
      spectral complexity of moderately intense auditory stimuli influenced the cardiac
      responses of 24 alert newborns. Temporal pattern determined response direction:
      pulsed stimuli elicited cardiac deceleration, whereas continuous stimuli elicited
      acceleration. Stimulus complexity influenced response magnitude: the most complex
      stimulus, a synthetically produced vowel, produced both the largest deceleration
      for pulsed stimuli and the largest acceleration for continuous ones. Experiment 2
      (N = 16) extended the temporal pattern effect to other vowel stimuli in a no
      delay discrimination paradigm. These findings indicate that the cardiac
      deceleratory response to auditory stimuli is a predictable component of the
      newborn infant's behavior. Furthermore, they suggest that stimulus parameters
      that influence cardiac deceleration may also play a critical role in stimulus
      discrimination.

PMID- 6831985
TI  - The facial expression of anger in seven-month-old infants.
AB  - This study concerned whether anger can be observed reliably in facial expressions
      as early as 7 months of age in a sample of 30 infants. It also assessed the
      influence of several variables on anger responses: infant's familiarity with the
      frustrator (mother vs. stranger), repetition of trials, and sex of the child.
      Correlations were obtained between the expression of anger and cognitive
      developmental level, maternal perceptions of irascibility (temperament), time
      since eating or sleeping, and facial flushing. Dependent variables included
      facial expression components as well as ratings of facial flushing. We found that
      the capacity to express anger is well developed by 7 months of age: facial
      patterning was detected reliably in the absence of contextual information, and
      repeated frustrations increased the amount of anger shown. No significant
      relationships were found, however, between facial expression of anger and
      temperament, drive states, or cognitive developmental scores.

PMID- 6831984
TI  - Infant response to facelike patterns under fixed-trial and infant-control
      procedures.
AB  - 10-week-old infants were shown 4 facelike patterns that differed along 2
      dimensions: number of elements and the extent to which the elements were
      organized to resemble the human face. The purpose was to determine whether the
      stimulus dimension to which infants respond is different with fixed-trial than
      with infant-control methodologies. Each infant was tested under 1 of 3
      experimental conditions: fixed trials (trials and intervals of fixed,
      predetermined durations), offset control (trial termination controlled by the
      behavior of the infant), or onset-offset control (trial initiation and
      termination both controlled by the infant's behavior). Although the relationship
      was linear with fixed trials and offset control but was curvilinear with onset
      offset control, infants responded to number, rather than organization, of
      elements in all 3 conditions. Furthermore, no specific methodological advantages
      were demonstrated for infant-control procedures.

PMID- 6831987
TI  - Effects of stress and social support on mothers and premature and full-term
      infants.
AB  - This study examined the relationships of stress and social support to maternal
      attitudes and early mother-infant interactive behavior. 52 mother-premature
      infant pairs and 53 mother-full-term infant pairs were seen for structured home
      interviews at 1 month, and behavioral interactions at 4 months. Maternal life
      stress, social support, life satisfaction, and satisfaction with parenting were
      assessed at the 1-month home visit. Although no group differences were found,
      both stress and support significantly predicted maternal attitudes at 1 month and
      interactive behavior at 4 months when data were pooled. Mothers with greater
      stress were less positive in their attitudes and behavior, while mothers with
      greater support were significantly more positive. Intimate support proved to have
      the most general positive effects. Additionally, social support moderated the
      adverse effects of stress on mother's life satisfaction and on several behavioral
      variables. Maternal social support was further found to have several significant
      effects on infant interactive behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the
      ecological significance of social support to parenting and infants' early
      development.

PMID- 6831986
TI  - Three-month-old infants' reaction to simulated maternal depression.
AB  - To investigate the nature of the young infant's social competence, the effect of
      depressed maternal expression during face-to-face interaction was examined using
      an experimental analogue of maternal depression. Subjects were 12 female and 12
      male infants, ages 96-110 days, and their mothers. 2 counter-balanced
      experimental treatments consisted of 3 min of normal maternal interaction and 3
      min of stimulated depressed interaction. A control treatment consisted of 2 3-min
      epochs of normal maternal interaction. Interactions were videotaped and infant
      behavior described on a 5-sec time base that maintained order of occurrence.
      Infants in the depressed condition structured their behavior differently and were
      more negative than infants in the normal condition. Infants in the depressed
      condition produced higher proportions of protest, wary, and brief positive.
      Infants in the depressed condition cycled among protest, wary, and look away.
      Infants in the normal condition cycled among monitor, brief positive, and play.
      In addition, differences in negativity were likely to continue briefly after
      mothers switched from depressed to normal interaction. The data indicate that
      infants have a specific, appropriate, negative reaction to simulated depression
      in their mothers. These results question formulations based on alternate
      hypotheses and suggest that the infant has communicative intent in its
      interactions.

PMID- 6831990
TI  - A developmental analysis of early time concepts: the equivalence and additivity
      of the effect of interfering cues on duration comparisons of young children.
AB  - Young children compare durations correctly and explain their conclusions
      logically only when no interfering cues such as distance and speed are
      introduced. We investigated whether type of cue and additivity of interfering
      cues affect children's duration comparisons. 4- and 5-year-old children were
      asked to compare the burning times of pairs of partially synchronous lights
      differing in intensity, bulb size, or both. Those who erred tended to attribute
      longer duration to the brighter or larger bulb, brightness having a stronger
      interfering effect than size. Since brightness might qualify as "work" more than
      bulb size might, the finding that the former interferes more than the latter
      supports Piaget's basic claim of children's confusion of time with "work." The
      fact that bulb size interferes at all, which does not fit into Piaget's
      framework, may be explained in terms of children's inability to distinguish
      clearly between time-related and time-unrelated cues and their assumption of
      direct relations between dimensions. Additivity of interference did not emerge,
      indicating that the previous finding which suggested its existence--distance plus
      speed interfering with duration comparisons more than speed alone--should be
      reassessed in terms of type of interfering cues, that is, distance interferes
      more than speed with time.

PMID- 6831989
TI  - Effect of encoding instructions on children's spatial and color memory: is there
      evidence for automaticity?
AB  - This experiment is concerned with assessing whether there is evidence for the
      automatic processing of spatial and color information by children and with the
      development of control of encoding operations. First, third, and fifth graders
      viewed pictures of simple objects that varied in color (red or green) and spatial
      location (left or right). Subjects were instructed to encode (a) only the item,
      (b) the item and its color, (c) the item and its position, (d) the item, its
      color, and its position. The data yielded evidence for nonchance incidental
      memory of spatial, but not color, information. The data also suggested that
      children at all age levels were able to control their encoding operations
      similarly, as there was no evidence for an interaction of development with
      encoding instructions. These findings are discussed with respect to a model for
      automatic encoding processes and work on memory for central and incidental
      information.

PMID- 6831988
TI  - Age-related changes in confusion between memories for thoughts and memories for
      speech.
AB  - The present experiments compared people's abilities to make decisions about the
      origin of their memories. Experiment 1 demonstrated that 6-year-olds were as good
      as 17-year-olds in discriminating memories originating from what they said
      earlier (self-generations) from memories of what another person said earlier
      (external presentations). However, in both experiments 1 and 2, 6-year-olds were
      not as good at discriminating what they had said earlier from what they had only
      thought. The possibility that younger children simply have more difficulty
      distinguishing between memories originating from the same class, internal or
      external, was ruled out because 6-year-olds performed as well as 9-year-olds when
      differentiating between memories from 2 external sources (experiment 2). Nor
      could their difficulty be attributed to a general problem in distinguishing
      memories for their thoughts from any other class of memories because they were at
      no disadvantage in discriminating their earlier thoughts (words they imagined
      themselves saying) from words someone else said (experiment 2). Our findings
      suggest that some distinctions, self versus other, emerge as cues in memory
      sooner than other distinctions, thoughts versus actions.

PMID- 6831991
TI  - Attending to spatial locations: a developmental study.
AB  - In 2 experiments, 7- and 8-year-old children and college students performed a
      letter-detection task in which reaction time was the dependent variable.
      Expectancy was manipulated by varying the probability the stimulus would appear
      at the center of an imaginary circle rather than along the perimeter. Although
      both age groups responded consistently faster to stimuli presented in expected
      locations than to stimuli presented in unexpected locations, this expectancy
      effect was larger for the children than it was for the college students. In a
      third experiment, these results were replicated using a luminance-detection task
      with 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and college students as subjects. It was concluded
      that children as well as adults are able to expand or contract the breadth of
      their attentional focus in accordance with task demands and that there is a
      developmental change in the efficiency with which a stimulus presented in an
      otherwise empty field can be located. Furthermore, it was suggested that children
      may be more disrupted by the occurrence of an unexpected event than adults are.

PMID- 6831992
TI  - Relationship among esophageal dysfunction, diabetic gastroenteropathy, and
      peripheral neuropathy.
AB  - Esophageal motor function was tested in 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of
      diabetic gastroenteropathy by radionuclide transit (RT) studies. Other insulin
      dependent diabetics with and without symptoms of peripheral neuropathy but with
      no symptoms of gastrointestinal disease were similarly studied. Eleven of the 12
      patients with gastroenteropathy were found to have abnormal esophageal function,
      even though only five had esophageal symptoms. Half the diabetics with peripheral
      neuropathy symptoms, and a quarter of those with no symptoms had abnormal
      esophageal transit studies. No abnormalities were found in a group of
      asymptomatic volunteers studied in a similar manner. We conclude that esophageal
      dysfunction, often subclinical, is present in nearly all patients with suspected
      diabetic gastroenteropathy. Esophageal dysfunction correlates less well with
      peripheral neuropathy. This study implies that if a diabetic, presenting with
      diarrhea or nausea and vomiting, has normal esophageal transit, then a cause for
      these symptoms, other than diabetic gastroenteropathy, may exist.

PMID- 6831993
TI  - Hair and plasma zinc levels following exclusion of biliopancreatic secretions
      from functioning gastrointestinal tract in humans.
AB  - Pancreatic secretions have been shown to be important in zinc absorption in
      experimental animals. Recently, complete surgical diversion of biliary and
      pancreatic secretions from the functioning small intestine has been utilized in
      Europe to treat morbid obesity. To determine the importance of pancreatic
      secretions in zinc absorption in the human, we measured hair and serum zinc
      levels in 14 patients having undergone complete biliopancreatic bypass 12-56
      months earlier and compared these values with those obtained from 11 patients
      subjected to only partial biliopancreatic bypass as well as to six morbidly obese
      controls. No differences were observed in either hair or serum zinc levels
      between any of these groups of patients. Pancreatic secretions do not appear to
      be necessary for adequate zinc absorption in humans.

PMID- 6831994
TI  - Evaluation of an oral ursodeoxycholic acid load in the assessment of bile acid
      malabsorption in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were measured by radioimmunoassay in
      20 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in eight controls, who had received 300
      mg of this bile acid orally. Area under the curve (AUC) after UDCA load was
      significantly reduced (25.24 +/- 9.54) in CF patients, as compared to controls
      (52.98 +/- 5.87 mean values +/- SD percent dose/liter X hr X kg body weight, P
      less than 0.001). AUC values were compared with daily fecal bile acids (BA) and
      fat excretion, and with serum fasting conjugated cholic (CCA) and
      chenodeoxycholic (CCDCA) acid levels. Total fecal BA were increased in CF
      patients (7.84 +/- 5.57 mg/kg/day) as compared to control values (2.7 +/- 1.1
      mean +/- SD, P less than 00.5); they were inversely correlated with AUC values (r
      = 0.48) but not with steatorrhea (r = 0.32). UDCA load seems to be useful in
      detecting BA malabsorption in CF. Fasting CCA levels did not significantly differ
      in CF patients (0.87 +/- 0.61 mumol/liter) and in controls (0.60 +/- 0.26
      mumol/liter) and did not correlate with fecal BA excretion. Fasting CCDCA mean
      levels were significantly increased (mainly in CF patients with liver damage),
      suggesting a lowered first-pass extraction in the liver: their determination may
      be useful in the follow-up of liver involvement in CF.

PMID- 6831995
TI  - Effects of exogenous glucagon on pancreatic and biliary ductal and sphincteric
      pressures in man demonstrated by endoscopic manometry and correlation with plasma
      glucagon.
AB  - An endoscopic manometric technique was used to investigate the effects of
      glucagon on pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter, and
      bile duct sphincter pressures in 20 healthy volunteers. Glucagon was given by
      intravenous infusion at rates of 0.016, 0.0625, 0.25, 1.0, 4.0, and 16.0
      micrograms/kg/hr and also as an intravenous bolus of 1 mg. Plasma glucagon was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. Glucagon significantly reduced peak bile duct
      sphincter pressure from 49.1 +/- 3.7 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to 37.8 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (P
      less than 0.01) at a rate of 0.016 microgram/kg/hr, reaching a maximum effect at
      rates of 0.25 microgram/kg/hr and above. Reduction in pancreatic duct sphincter,
      pancreatic duct, and bile duct pressures; slowing of sphincter wave frequency;
      and shortening of wave duration occurred at infusion rates of 1.0 microgram/kg/hr
      or greater when plasma concentrations were supraphysiological. We conclude that
      glucagon has a physiological action on the bile duct sphincter but that all other
      effects on this area are pharmacological.

PMID- 6831996
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of alcohol on iron absorption.

PMID- 6831997
TI  - Effect of age on gastric emptying of liquid--solid meals in man.
AB  - A dual radioisotopic method was employed to study the rate of gastric emptying of
      meals in ten males with an average age of 31 years and 10 elderly males with an
      average age of 76.4 years. All study subjects were fed a standardized 900-g meal
      labeled with a liquid (111indium-DTPA) and solid (99mtechnetium-tagged liver)
      phase isotopic marker. There were no significant differences in solid food
      emptying rates between the young and aged men. A delay in liquid emptying,
      however, was observed in the aged men. The clinical significance of this
      observation is unknown.

PMID- 6831998
TI  - Postprandial release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and pancreatic
      polypeptide in dogs with pancreatic acinar atrophy. Correction of blunted GIP
      response by addition of pancreatic enzymes to a meal.
AB  - In order to evaluate the enteropancreatic hormone axis in dogs with pancreatic
      acinar atrophy, we measured the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and
      pancreatic polypeptide in response to a standard meal and a meal containing
      pancreatic enzymes in affected dogs and controls. Postprandial release of
      pancreatic polypeptide was normal in dogs with pancreatic atrophy and was not
      affected by addition of pancreatic enzymes to the food. Gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide was not released after a standard meal in affected dogs, but this
      blunted response was corrected by the addition of pancreatic enzymes to the food.
      Feeding the enzyme alone did not stimulate a gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      response. These results, in part, support similar observations previously
      reported in children with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency associated with
      cystic fibrosis. We conclude that dogs with idiopathic pancreatic acinar atrophy
      can be used as an animal model for future study of enteropancreatic hormonal
      abnormalities that occur in human beings with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID- 6831999
TI  - Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is less damaging than taurochenodeoxycholic acid to the
      gastric and esophageal mucosa.
AB  - Bile acids are capable of disrupting the gastric and esophageal mucosal barriers
      and are known to differ in their ability to injure these mucosae. Two bile acids,
      chenodeoxycholic and its 7-B epimer, ursodeoxycholic, that are being used to
      dissolve gallbladder stones were evaluated for their damaging effects on
      experimental preparations of the esophageal (rabbit) and gastric (dog) mucosa.
      Damage was assessed by measuring indices of mucosal barrier function, including
      net acid flux, potential difference, and tissue resistance, before and after
      exposure to the taurine conjugates of these bile acids. In both the esophageal
      and gastric mucosa, tauroursodeoxycholic acid caused significantly less
      disruption of barrier function than taurochenodeoxycholic acid. These results
      demonstrate that minor differences in conjugated bile acid structure can cause
      major changes in the effects of bile acids on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa
      and that ursodeoxycholic acid may be the preferred bile acid for oral ingestion
      to dissolve gallbladder stones.

PMID- 6832000
TI  - Esophageal perforation. An unusual presentation of esophageal lymphoma.
AB  - A primary histiocytic lymphoma arising in the esophagus and its resultant
      spontaneous perforation is reported in a 69-year-old female. To our knowledge
      esophageal perforation occurring as a complication of a primary non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma of the esophagus has not been previously reported.

PMID- 6832001
TI  - Kwashiorkor following aggressive surgery for massive obesity.

PMID- 6832002
TI  - Gastric heterotopia in rectum complicated by rectovesical fistula.
AB  - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum produced a rare complication of
      rectovesical fistula. Diagnosis was made by direct biopsy and 99mTc scanning.
      Excision of ectopic gastric mucosa, diverting colostomy, and repair did not
      result in closure of the fistula. Endorectal pull-through constituted definitive
      treatment.

PMID- 6832003
TI  - Fulminant onset of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 6832004
TI  - [Possible division of giant cells formed as a result of radiation and the action
      of alkylating agents?].

PMID- 6832005
TI  - [Chronic polyantioxidant deficiency as a model of aging].

PMID- 6832006
TI  - [Pyrimidine base hydration in small clusters of water studied by the Monte Carlo
      method].

PMID- 6832007
TI  - [Serum albumin affinity as an index of the biological activity of xenobiotics].

PMID- 6832009
TI  - [Aquametric study of a blood group substance].

PMID- 6832008
TI  - [Use of mathematical methods in the pharmacokinetics of antitumor preparations
      for predicting their concentration in organs and tissues].

PMID- 6832011
TI  - [Determination of visual perception time: methods and results].

PMID- 6832010
TI  - [Oversynthesis of DNA in HeLa cells after gamma irradiation and treatment with N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine].

PMID- 6832013
TI  - [Genetic endocrine mechanisms of differential reproduction in micropopulations of
      male laboratory mice].

PMID- 6832012
TI  - [Detection of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease in the nuclei of human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes and the inhibition of chromatin Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent
      endonucleolysis in chronic lympholeukemia].

PMID- 6832014
TI  - Getting good value from drug reps.

PMID- 6832016
TI  - [Incidence of primary toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women].
AB  - Toxoplasma-specific antibodies transferred across the placenta were determined in
      1953 blood samples of newborn infants from the Lower Saxony newborn-screening
      laboratory using the indirect immunofluorescence test. There were no antibodies
      demonstrable in 54.4% of the samples. Related to the age of the mothers there was
      increase of positive findings of about 1% per year. Among 10 000 pregnancies
      about 70 to 80 mothers can be expected to undergo a primary infection with
      Toxoplasma gondii. With a fetal infection rate of about 50% derived from the
      literature 30 to 40 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis of variable severity, three
      among them serious, may be expected.

PMID- 6832018
TI  - [False positive and false negative results in neonatal screening for
      hypothyroidism].

PMID- 6832017
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney failure after heroin poisoning].
AB  - A 24-year-old man who had been a drug addict for years, was admitted to hospital
      having been unconscious for several hours after injecting an overdose of heroin.
      He was in acute renal failure with extensive swelling of soft tissues of the
      right upper leg and right buttock without external signs of injury. The swelling
      rapidly extended to both right limbs, trunk and external genitalia. The clinical
      suspicion of rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by a high level of serum myoglobin
      (1570 mg/ml), and in a gluteus maximus muscle biopsy. The acute renal failure
      caused by the rhabdomyolysis was reversible after a short period of haemodialysis
      and, after decompression fasciotomy of the affected muscles, there were no severe
      sequelae. In view of the good prognosis with early diagnosis an exact clinical
      examination (observation of soft tissue swelling and dark urine) is of great
      importance in case of heroin addiction and/or poisoning.

PMID- 6832015
TI  - [Perioperative plasma antithrombin activity with "low-dose" heparin prophylaxis.
      Perioperatively acquired antithrombin III deficiency as a cause for the failure
      of heparin prophylaxis?].
AB  - Antithrombin III activity was estimated using a chromogenic substrate
      perioperatively in the plasma of 200 patients undergoing major elective abdominal
      surgery during low-dose heparin prophylaxis. With an initial value of 10.9 +/- 2
      IU/ml there was a mean postoperative lowering of plasma antithrombin activity in
      all patients with a minimum on the second postoperative day. In patients with
      empirically established increased risk of thromboembolism the postoperative
      depression of antithrombin was significantly more pronounced (P less than 0.01)
      than in the control groups. An increased risk prevailed particularly in patients
      with malignant diseases and in major surgery, i.e. of prolonged duration. In such
      cases with increased risk of thromboembolism routine assessment of antithrombin
      III is recommended.

PMID- 6832019
TI  - [Caffeine in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 6832020
TI  - [Cimetidine and ulcer surgery].

PMID- 6832021
TI  - [Appendicitis mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany 1952-1979. Trend
      analysis and age curves].
AB  - Evaluation of age- and sex-specific mortality from 1952 to 1979 shows a
      decreasing trend in most age groups since the beginning of the observation
      period. This has become clearly pronounced since the beginning of the seventies.
      As a percentage reduction of mortality in the youngest group (less than 10 years)
      is highest and least in the oldest group. Females had a lower mortality from
      appendicitis at any time of all age groups than males, with the exception of 10-
      to 19-year-old girls in 1972/73 until 1978/79.

PMID- 6832022
TI  - [Surgical treatment in acute pancreatitis. The change as influenced by sonography
      and computer tomography].
AB  - The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on anamnestic, clinical and chemical
      data. Ultrasound and computed tomography permit direct visualisation of the
      pancreas and establish the diagnosis. In cases of haemorrhagic-necrotising
      pancreatitis they demonstrate the extent of morphological changes and permit
      exclusion of other causes of an acute abdomen. The imaging methods support
      indications for operation in cases of subtotal or total parenchymatous necrosis
      and in pancreatic abscesses. Conservative expectant approaches in patients with
      severe clinical course and slight morphological changes as well as in agreement
      of clinical and morphological findings are facilitated. Complete demonstration of
      parenchymatous and peripancreatic necroses furnishes useful additional
      information for total extirpation. Gallstone disease can be demonstrated or
      excluded preoperatively. Since introduction of ultrasound and computed tomography
      for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis a marked diminution of early surgical
      intervention and delayed operation has been achieved.

PMID- 6832023
TI  - [Stenoses and occlusions of the extracranial arteries. A field study of
      unselected subjects and patients with intermittent claudication].
AB  - Doppler sonography of the extracranial arteries was done in 556 unselected
      patients (greater than 40 years) in a prophylactic study. 226 high risk patients
      with arterial occlusive leg disease (AOD) served as control group. Doppler
      sonography revealed stenoses or occlusions of the carotid, vertebral and (or)
      subclavian arteries in 9.17% of normal persons and in 38.05% of AOD patients.
      Medical treatment is available only for stenoses (not occlusions) of the carotid
      arteries. Thus the frequency of asymptomatic internal carotid stenoses--only
      stenoses of more than 50% lumen diminution can be detected--of 2.33% in the group
      of normal probands and of 17.2% in the patient group is the reference value and
      justification for use of Doppler sonography for prophylactic assessment. The
      atraumatic and safe method with a success rate of 2.33% is suitable particularly
      in increased risk factors (age, males, smoking, hypertension, diabetes). As a
      prophylactic investigation in patients with arterial occlusive disease Doppler
      sonography is mandatory before prospective operations.

PMID- 6832024
TI  - [Osteosynthesis in the metastatic skeletal involvement of breast cancer.
      Subjective and objective advantages].
AB  - In a retrospective study 15 patients with pathological fractures in metastatic
      breast cancer were investigated. Wound healing was uneventful in 13 patients. All
      patients were able to walk again postoperatively and 11 were free from pain. All
      lasted through the operation in good shape. In no case was there a need for a
      secondary amputation. Two patients suffered from a fracture of the implant. The
      average survival time was 24 months from the time of operation, the maximum was
      52, the minimum 7 months. The results show that surgery in pathological fractures
      of metastatic carcinoma of the breast is beneficial to the patients both
      subjectively and objectively. Despite the usually limited life-expectancy they
      are able to return to their usual surroundings free from pain and able to walk.

PMID- 6832027
TI  - [Excretory pancreatic function: a comparison of indirect functional tests with
      the secretin-cholecystokinin test].

PMID- 6832028
TI  - Corticosteroid treatment of rhinologic diseases.

PMID- 6832026
TI  - [Salicylic acid in the urine in recurrent stomach and duodenal ulcers?].

PMID- 6832025
TI  - [Extracorporeally induced whole-body hyperthermia in conventionally incurable
      malignant tumor patients].
AB  - Whole body hyperthermia was produced in 14 patients with conventionally incurable
      malignant disease. The technique consisted of arteriovenous shunting involving
      extracorporeal circulation with  heat exchange during general anaesthesia. A
      temperature of 41.8 degrees C was maintained for periods of 6 hours. After
      achieving hyperthermic temperatures treatment was enlarged by administration of 5
      fluorouracil (1000 mg) in patients with colorectal carcinoma and by dacarazine
      (200 mg/m2) in patients with malignant melanoma. In 5 out 6 patients with stage
      IV colorectal carcinoma stabilisation of the disease was seen for an average of
      10 months. In contrast, progression of the disease was seen in patients with
      malignant melanoma and mean survival was only 5 months. These preliminary results
      in a small number of patients indicate that 1. induction and maintenance of whole
      body hyperthermia is clinically possible, 2. technical requirements are
      considerable, however feasible, 3. different tumours react differently to
      treatment.

PMID- 6832029
TI  - The present status of the homologous nasal hump graft.

PMID- 6832030
TI  - Tracheostomy in the management of pediatric airway problems.

PMID- 6832032
TI  - Pressure equalization tube tympanoplasty.

PMID- 6832031
TI  - Vascular surgery in the neck as it applies to carotid artery resection.

PMID- 6832033
TI  - Tinnitus due to idiopathic stapedial muscle spasm.

PMID- 6832034
TI  - Envenomations: snakes and spiders.

PMID- 6832036
TI  - The toxicity of household products.

PMID- 6832035
TI  - Poisonings in the otolaryngologist's office.

PMID- 6832037
TI  - Salicylate poisoning.

PMID- 6832038
TI  - Acetaminophen overdose.

PMID- 6832039
TI  - Iron and vitamin toxicities.

PMID- 6832040
TI  - Caustic ingestion.

PMID- 6832041
TI  - Poisonous plants.

PMID- 6832042
TI  - Response to estradiol inhibition of tonic luteinizing hormone secretion decreases
      during the final stage of puberty in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - This investigation was conducted to determine if a decrease in responsiveness to
      estradiol inhibition of tonic LH secretion occurs in the female rhesus monkey
      during the late stages of sexual maturation. The study was conducted during the
      several month period between menarche and first ovulation. Serum LH was measured
      in postmenarchial females (n = 8) before and after ovariectomy and insertion of
      estradiol implants that achieved subadult concentrations (10-30 pg/ml) of the
      steroid. Removal of the ovaries 1-4 months after menarche (31 +/- 1 months)
      produced a prompt 3- to 5-fold rise in circulating LH. This was prevented by
      estradiol replacement therapy beginning at ovariectomy. Similarly, insertion of
      estradiol implants after the castration response was established decreased the
      high concentrations of circulating LH to preoperative levels where they remained
      for several months. At 42 +/- 1 months of age, and in the face of unchanging
      peripheral estradiol, circulating LH rose severalfold in the ovariectomized
      females (n = 7). At a similar age (44 +/- 2 months, n = 4), ovulations began in
      untreated females. The results indicate that subadult concentrations of
      peripheral estradiol which are capable of suppressing LH secretion before the age
      of first ovulation are ineffective in this regard afterward. This provides
      compelling evidence for a decrease in estradiol inhibition of tonic LH secretion
      during puberty in the primate female.

PMID- 6832043
TI  - Synthesis and release of immunoreactive angiotensinogen by rat liver slices.
AB  - Hepatic storage and secretion of angiotensinogen was studied using rat liver
      slices and a new direct angiotensinogen RIA. This assay permitted the
      demonstration of a significant hepatic storage of angiotensinogen, largely
      underestimated until now by the enzymatic method of angiotensinogen measurement.
      Angiotensinogen release by rat liver slices was linear with time and was
      associated with a significant increase in hepatic content of angiotensinogen. The
      measurement of both release and changes in hepatic content permitted the
      measurement of de novo synthesis of angiotensinogen by rat liver slices in vitro.
      Both hepatic content and release of angiotensinogen were decreased by
      thyroidectomy and increased by ethinyl estradiol, dexamethasone, thyroid
      hormones, and binephrectomy.

PMID- 6832044
TI  - Regulation of neurotensin release by a continuous line of mammalian C-cells: the
      role of biogenic amines.

PMID- 6832045
TI  - Steroidogenic responsiveness of the monkey corpus luteum to exogenous chorionic
      gonadotropin.
AB  - Groups of female rhesus monkeys were given a 5-day regimen of im injections of
      hCG (30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 IU, respectively) beginning 2, 6, 10, or 14 days
      after the midcycle LH surge (day 0). Serum progesterone concentrations in the day
      2 treatment group did not differ markedly from values observed in control monkeys
      throughout normal menstrual cycles. In contrast, monkeys receiving hCG beginning
      on days 6, 10 or 14 had immediate significant increases in serum progesterone in
      response to the first injection of hCG. Dramatic responses were seen in the day 6
      and 10 groups (2.5- and 5-fold elevations in serum progesterone, respectively);
      progesterone values plateaued at about 13 ng/ml during the hCG treatment
      interval. Monkeys receiving hCG on day 14 had 4-fold elevations in serum
      progesterone, but concentrations did not exceed 6 ng/ml. Serum estradiol
      increased significantly after hCG to concentrations between 200-300 pg/ml in all
      treatment groups; peak values were seen at the time of or in the days immediately
      after the last hCG injection. Serum testosterone concentrations were not
      significantly altered by hCG administration at any stage of the luteal phase. hCG
      did not sustain serum steroid hormone concentrations in monkeys with the corpus
      luteum removed on day 10 of the luteal phase. A 10-day regimen of increasing hCG
      doses beginning on day 10 of the luteal phase mimicked the steroid hormone
      secretion patterns observed in control monkeys during early pregnancy. The data
      show that the qualitative and quantitative steroidogenic capacities of monkey
      corpora lutea after a gonadotropin challenge are profoundly affected by luteal
      age.

PMID- 6832046
TI  - Morphological and functional changes during thyroid hyperplasia and involution in
      C3H Mice: evidence for folliculoneogenesis during involution.
AB  - Involution of thyroid hyperplasia was induced in C3H mice by discontinuing a
      goitrogenic treatment (low iodine diet supplemented with 0.25% propylthiouracil)
      and refeeding a normal iodine diet. Thyroid involution was studied by
      morphological, histochemical, autoradiographic, and stereological methods. The
      onset of the involution was characterized by an early accumulation of colloid,
      the presence of necrotic cells in the follicular lumina, and the appearance of
      homogeneous microcavities in the epithelial layers. The intraepithelial
      microcavities had the same morphological and functional properties as the
      follicular lumina. They were limited by a membrane covered with microvilli;
      polysaccharides and peroxidase activity were detected on their membranes, and
      125I-labeling was marked in their lumina. Thin serial sections demonstrated that
      the microlumens originated from the intercellular space; plasma membranes
      differentiated into junctional complexes, and a narrow lumen limited by a
      membrane covered with short microvilli was formed in the intercellular space
      between the junctions. Later on, the newly formed microlumens fused to form new
      follicles with a cloverleaf pattern. As a consequence of the folliculogenesis,
      the total number of follicles doubled after 8 days of involution. This increase
      in number was mainly due to the presence of a population of small follicles. The
      folliculogenesis was associated in the first 4 days of involution with an active
      cellular multiplication which compensated for the early cell necrosis and led to
      a doubled number of epithelial cells. The increase in the total number of
      follicles and cells could partially explain the persistence of a relatively high
      thyroid weight after involution of hyperplasia.

PMID- 6832047
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of a lactogen from the midpregnant
      mouse conceptus.
AB  - Previously, we demonstrated that measurement of serum lactogenic hormones during
      pregnancy in the mouse by the rabbit mammary gland radioreceptor assay (RRA) and
      specific RIAs for mouse PRL (mPRL) and mouse placental lactogen (mPL) showed a
      large RRA to RIA activity ratio during midpregnancy. The purpose of this study
      was to begin to characterize this discrepancy in midpregnancy PRL-like activity.
      The elution profile of serum from midpregnant mice on Sephadex G-100 showed a
      characteristic peak in RRA activity (elution volume/void volume = 1.5), distinct
      from either mPRL or mPL (both approximately elution volume/void volume = 2.0).
      This PRL-like activity was not recognized by antisera to either mPRL or mPL. The
      source of the midpregnancy lactogen was localized to the conceptus. The hormone
      was found to have an apparent molecular weight of 50,000 (based on Sephadex G-100
      chromatography) and an electrophoretic mobility similar to mPRL (Rf = 0.5-0.6)
      and to be lactogenic in the in vitro mouse mammary gland explant bioassay. We
      have demonstrated the existence of a midpregnancy lactogen that is different from
      mPL and mPRL and is of conceptus origin.

PMID- 6832049
TI  - Specificity of metoclopramide in assessing the role of dopamine in regulating
      aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 6832048
TI  - Hormonal regulation of alpha-lactalbumin secretion from bovine mammary tissue
      cultured in vitro.

PMID- 6832051
TI  - Stimulation of the synthesis and release of decidual prolactin by a placental
      polypeptide.

PMID- 6832050
TI  - Feminization of the concentrations of hepatic estrogen-binding proteins by
      ectopic pituitary.

PMID- 6832053
TI  - Correlation of hepatic estrogen receptor concentrations and estrogen-mediated
      elevation of very low density lipoproteins.

PMID- 6832054
TI  - Environmental cues evoke differential responses in pituitary-testicular function
      in deer mice.

PMID- 6832052
TI  - Metabolic cooperation between Sertoli cells and peritubular cells in culture.

PMID- 6832056
TI  - Binding of a 4-methyl-4-aza-steroid to 5 alpha-reductase of rat liver and
      prostate microsomes.
AB  - A tritium labeled 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, [1,2-3H] 17 beta-N,N
      diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA), binds
      reversibly to a high affinity site (Kd, 6.5 nM) in liver microsomes from male
      rats. The binding requires a nicotinamide nucleotide coenzyme; NADH is at least
      100 times less potent than NADPH, and NADP+, NAD+, flavin adenine dinucleotide,
      coenzyme A, and ADP are inactive. The relative potencies of 13 steroids as
      inhibitors of the binding of [3H]4-MA to liver microsomes correlate with their
      relative potencies as inhibitors of the conversion of [14C]testosterone to [14C]5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone by liver microsomes. Comparison of liver microsomes
      from mature female rats and microsomes from mature male rat liver, ventral
      prostate, spleen, kidney, and skeletal muscle shows that their NADPH-dependent
      [3H]4-MA binding capacities correlate with their levels of 5 alpha-reductase
      activity. These results suggest that [3H]4-MA binds specifically to 5 alpha
      reductase in a NADPH-dependent manner. 5 alpha-Reductase was solubilized from
      liver microsomes with a detergent, Lubrol-WX, and the solubilized enzyme also
      binds [3H]4-MA. The relative potencies of 13 steroids as inhibitors of rat
      ventral prostate and liver 5 alpha-reductase are the same, strongly suggesting
      that the 5 alpha-reductases in the two tissues are the same.

PMID- 6832055
TI  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in rat uterus: role of progesterone in the
      regulation of preimplantation differentiation.

PMID- 6832057
TI  - A seasonal variation in arginine vasotocin immunoactivity in rat pineal glands.
AB  - Groups of male and female laboratory rats, 28-30 days of age, were killed each
      week from July 1980 to September 1981. Pineal glands were collected, pooled, and
      extracted. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) activity in the extracts was measured by RIA.
      For most of the calendar year, pineal AVT immunoactivity ranged between 1.8-7.7
      pg/gland. The average (+/- SE) basal AVT activity level was 4.1 +/- 0.3 pg/gland
      (n = 48). Both years in early August, pineal AVT activity increased several
      hundred fold. Values of 1720 and 1170 pg/gland were measured in mid-August of 2
      successive years. The signal for this dramatic yearly rhythm, and its
      physiological consequences, are as yet unknown.

PMID- 6832058
TI  - Uteroglobin production by cultured rabbit uterine epithelial cells.
AB  - Uteroglobin (UG) is a secretory protein produced by the rabbit endometrium and
      its production is increased during cell differentiation which occurs during early
      pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. In the present study, the optimal conditions for UG
      production by rabbit endometrial epithelial cells in culture were examined.
      Metabolic labeling studies showed the incorporation of [35S]methionine into UG
      molecules by the endometrial epithelial cells in culture. Accumulation of UG in
      culture media was linear for at least a period of 24 h. These cells do not
      catabolize exogenously added radiolabeled UG. Endometrial cells obtained from
      virgin female rabbits at different times after the administration of human CG
      (hCG) and put in culture were found to make different amounts of UG. The maximal
      UG production was found in cells taken from pseudopregnant rabbits 4 days after
      hCG administration. Cycloheximide (28 micrograms/ml) inhibited the production of
      UG by the cells in culture whereas actinomycin-D (5 micrograms/ml) and cordycipin
      (50 micrograms/ml) increased its production. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by
      hydroxyurea (10(-3) M) did not affect the UG production. The production of UG was
      significantly less when cells were cultured on attached or floating collagen gels
      as compared to cells grown on plastic Petri dishes. The amino acid content of
      Ham's F-12 medium was shown to be adequate for maximal UG production; lowering
      this amino acid concentration decreased the amount of UG accumulated in the
      medium over a 24-h period. Increasint the number of cultured cells per dish
      resulted in an increased UG production per cell.

PMID- 6832059
TI  - Human placental and bovine corpora luteal oxytocin.

PMID- 6832060
TI  - Rapid deiodination of triiodothyronine sulfate by rat liver microsomal fraction.

PMID- 6832061
TI  - Dopamine receptors on intact anterior pituitary cells in culture: functional
      association with the inhibition of prolactin and thyrotropin.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) and the dopaminergic agonists bromocriptine and apomorphine inhibit
      the secretion of TSH as well as that of PRL by rat anterior pituitary (AP) cells
      in monolayer culture. The order of potency of the drugs is the same for the
      inhibition of both hormones: bromocriptine ED50 = 0.006 nM against PRL and 0.017
      nM against TSH; apomorphine ED50 = 2.9 and 4.8 nM, respectively, and DA, ED50 =
      30 and 370 nM, respectively. The dopaminergic antagonists domperidone (DOM) and
      metoclopramide prevent the inhibition of TSH and PRL by 10(-6) M DA (IC50 = 0.012
      and 0.32 nM for metoclopramide against PRL and TSH, respectively; similarly, IC50
      = 0.01 and 0.61 nM for DOM). The action of butaclamol is shown to be
      stereospecific, in that the (+) isomer is 1000-fold more potent in reversing the
      inhibition of both TSH and PRL by 10(-6) M DA than the (-) isomer [IC50 = 1.1 and
      7200 nM for the (+) and (-) isomers against PRL; similarly, 6.3 and 2600 nM
      against TSH]. The use of radioligand-binding techniques with tritiated DOM
      ([3H]DOM) and dihydroergocriptine ([3H]DHE) has demonstrated a high affinity
      dopaminergic binding site upon rat AP cells under the same conditions as the cell
      cultures used in the hormone secretion studies. Both ligands have been shown to
      label a site with high affinity (Kd = 1-2 nM) and low capacity (2-3 fmol/10(5)
      cells). At this site, dopaminergic agonists and antagonists compete with both
      radioligands and display a rank order of potency which is the same as that shown
      against TSH and PRL secretion and which is typically dopaminergic. For [3H]DHE:
      bromocriptine Ki (0.04 nM) greater than metoclopramide = DOM (0.07 nM) greater
      than (+)butaclamol (0.7 nM) greater than apomorphine (20 nM) greater than DA (700
      nM) greater than (-)butaclamol (2000 nM). Similar data were derived using
      [3H]DOM. The high affinity site is saturable, has rapid association and
      dissociation rates, as determined for both radioligands used, and is temperature
      dependent. In contrast, both radioligands bind to a second binding site on the
      cells that is of lower affinity (Kd = 244 nM for [3H]DOM and 678 nM for [3H]DHE)
      and larger capacity (100 fmol/10(5) cells for both ligands). This second site is
      neither stereospecific nor, using the methodology presented here, does it
      discriminate between other dopaminergic compounds. It is thus not considered to
      represent specific DA receptor binding. It is concluded that the dopaminergic
      stimulus causing the inhibition of TSH and PRL secretion from rat AP cells in
      culture is mediated via a high affinity DA receptor present upon lactotrophs and
      thyrotrophs and that this receptor has similar characteristics on the two cell
      types.

PMID- 6832062
TI  - Androgen-controlled synthesis of specific proteins in the rat epididymis.
AB  - Previous investigations have established the production of specific epididymal
      proteins (SEP) in the rat which become attached to the sperm surface as these
      cells pass along the duct. The present study is concerned with the regulation of
      SEP synthesis by androgens. For this purpose, we determined the concentrations of
      SEP and protein DE, one of its main components (40%), during sexual maturation,
      after castration with and without androgen administration, and after ligation of
      the efferent ductuli in rats. SEP were first detectable at 25 days of age and
      attained adult values at 60-90 days of age. Protein DE behaved similarly.
      Castration of the adult rat led to a decrease in SEP and DE concentrations. The
      fall was more rapid and marked in the caput than in the caudal segments. SEP
      synthesis seemed to stop promptly after castration; the different rates of
      decrease of SEP in caput and cauda may reflect different rates of exit of
      spermatozoa from those segments. SEP and DE concentrations in castrated rats were
      increased by the administration of testosterone (100 micrograms/day). The SEP
      concentration was increased after 4 days and restored to control values after 11
      days of treatment. Testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were equipotent
      in inducing SEP and DE synthesis, while 5 alpha-androstandiols were less potent.
      The effects of androgens were significantly reduced by the simultaneous
      administration of cyproterone acetate. We propose that SEP is a suitable marker
      for following the action of androgens in the epididymis.

PMID- 6832064
TI  - Neonatal development of the thyrotrope in the male rat pituitary.
AB  - The neonatal development of the rat thyrotrope was studied in sections of male
      rat pituitaries with stereometric techniques on cells that had been identified
      cytochemically with antirat TSH beta and either the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      technique or the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The TSH cells were
      poorly granulated at 2 days of age, and the hormone was stored in pleomorphic
      saccules or granules. In adult rats, thyrotropes were 4-6% of the pituitary cell
      population. In the neonatal rat pituitary, the thyrotropes proliferated in
      clusters, and the percentage of stained cells increased to 18.8% by 9 days of
      age. The TSH cell percentages then decreased, and the clusters dispersed. The 15
      day-old rat pituitaries contained 5% thyrotropes. The TSH cells matured
      morphologically during the first 10 days of development, and by 7 days, they
      contained the small granules that are typical of the thyrotrope. After that time,
      the thyrotropes enlarged and partially degranulated, and TSH beta was stored in
      some of the large pleomorphic saccules in the cytoplasm. Our studies show that
      the greater sensitivity to TRH of the thyrotropes in the 5- to 10-day-old rat may
      be due to the relatively high numbers of thyrotropes in the gland. We suggest
      that the 9- to 10-day-old male rat pituitary might be useful for a study of
      separated purified thyrotropes because of its relatively high content of TSH
      cells.

PMID- 6832063
TI  - Imprinting of hepatic estrogen-binding proteins by neonatal androgens.
AB  - Previous studies discovered a second class of estrogen-binding proteins distinct
      from estrogen receptor which exhibited higher capacity, lower affinity (HCLA)
      binding properties. HCLA sites underwent postpubertal sex differentiation, such
      that adult male levels were at least 10-fold higher than adult female levels.
      Neonatal castration of male rats prevented the subsequent sex differentiation of
      HCLA binding sites; adult male rats that were castrated neonatally exhibited
      typically female concentrations of these binding sites. If male rats were
      castrated at 19 days of age or later, postpubertal sex differentiation of HCLA
      binding sites proceeded as observed for intact males. Administration of
      testosterone propionate (TP) to castrated (neonatally) males during a critical
      period (days 6-13) imprinted for the subsequent sex differentiation of HCLA
      sites, whereas TP administration at other times did not. The expression of these
      imprinted sites was not manifested until puberty, as neonatal manipulation or TP
      treatment had no effect on HCLA sites in immature rats. The imprinted effect on
      HCLA binding sites appeared to be permanent and irreversible. Treatment of
      castrate males with diethylstilbestrol (DES) or zearalenol (P-1496) during the
      critical period was incapable of restoring development of normal male levels of
      HCLA sites. Competitive binding studies using several steroid hormones revealed
      similar data for intact males and castrate (neonatal) male rats that had received
      TP during the critical period. These studies demonstrate an early imprinting
      period during which androgen exposure programs for postpubertal development of
      sex differentiation of HCLA binding sites.

PMID- 6832065
TI  - The importance of a luteolytic effect of the pituitary in understanding the
      placental control of the rat corpus luteum.
AB  - In rats bearing a full complement of conceptuses (FC-bearing rats) progesterone
      secretion increases about 1.5 times and the corpora lutea double in weight
      between days 12 and 16. Reducing the number of conceptuses to one (by aspirating
      all but the single conceptus) at any time between days 7 and 12 of pregnancy (day
      1 = insemination) caused progesterone secretion and corpus luteum weight to
      remain at or below the day 12 level until term. When rats bearing one conceptus
      were hypophysectomized on day 12, however, serum progesterone increased and fell
      after day 12 in a pattern almost identical to that in FC-bearing rats, except
      that the peak and trough occurred about 2 days later; hypophysectomy on day 15 or
      18 also increased serum progesterone to values approaching those in intact FC
      bearing rats. In a series of rats bearing experimentally determined conceptus
      numbers between 0 and 5 or naturally occurring ones of 6-16, the serum level of
      placental lactogen on day 12 (the day of the first peak of secretion of this
      hormone) was directly proportional to conceptus number over the entire range. The
      pattern of rat placental lactogen secretion between days 7 and 23 in FC-bearing
      rats included two peaks, on day 12 and on days 18-21, but in one-conceptus
      bearing rats, the level was only slightly higher than the PRL level, and it
      remained unchanged, even by hypophysectomy, until term. Serum PRL levels bore no
      relation to conceptus number, were very low, and were unaffected by
      hypophysectomy except in the FC-bearing rats, in which lypophysectomy prevented
      the rise that normally occurs after day 21. These results, especially in relation
      to others previously reported, show that by day 12 of pregnancy, the rat
      pituitary, instead of merely becoming luteotropically inactive, produces a
      substance that inhibits further development of the corpora lutea. The results
      also imply that the placentas maintain luteal growth and progesterone secretion
      as much by suppressing this luteolytic activity as by stimulating the corpus
      luteum directly.

PMID- 6832066
TI  - Capillary endothelial cell multiplication in adipose tissue pads on the thyroid
      during the feeding of thiouracil.
AB  - It has been reported that blood capillaries in adipose tissue pads on the upper
      and lower poles of the thyroid gland enlarge when Fischer rats are fed thiouracil
      (TU) in a low iodine diet. To test whether the enlargement is accompanied by
      proliferation of the endothelial cells, [3H]thymidine was injected into rats fed
      the TU-containing diet, and labeling of the endothelial cells was studied by
      autoradiography. Nuclear labeling of the capillary endothelial cells was observed
      in the mixed brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT, respectively) pads on
      the thyroid. After a single pulse of [3H]thymidine, 10% of the nuclei were
      labeled at 10 days (the peak labeling), and labeling decreased thereafter. To
      test whether the adipose tissue was stimulated because of the poor nutritional
      quality of the low iodine diet, Purina Laboratory Chow (a nutritionally adequate
      diet) was tested and produced the same result. To test whether TU had a direct
      effect, 5 micrograms T4/100 g BW were given daily; there was then no response to
      the TU, suggesting that the effect was due to an elevated circulating
      concentration of TSH. The effect was generally restricted to the adipose tissue
      pads on the thyroid. There was no response in interscapular BAT, epididymal WAT,
      or sc WAT. However, there was a response in small clusters of adipocytes embedded
      in inguinal sc WAT. The results are consistent with the idea that the effects are
      directly or indirectly due to elevated circulating TSH levels.

PMID- 6832067
TI  - Glucocorticoid modulation of cell proliferation in cultured osteoblast-like bone
      cells: differences between rat and mouse.
AB  - Glucocorticoids are important regulators of cell proliferation, but divergent
      effects have been noted in various systems. In this study, the actions of
      glucocorticoids on cell proliferation were examined in primary cultures of
      osteoblast-like cells from perinatal rodents. The aim of the study was to
      determine whether rat and mouse bone cells exhibit species differences in their
      responses to glucocorticoids and whether the response of either species was
      influenced by the cell density and time of treatment. Cultured osteoblast-like
      cells were treated with dexamethasone or ethanol vehicle (less than 0.05%).
      Changes in the proliferation rate were assessed by measurement of cell number,
      DNA content, and thymidine incorporation rate. We found that the response to
      dexamethasone was dependent on the cell density at the time of treatment in rat
      cultures: inhibitory in sparse and stimulatory in dense cultures. In contrast,
      dexamethasone inhibited mouse cell proliferation at all cell densities. The
      stimulatory effects in rat cells were seen after 4 days of treatment but not
      after 2 days. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects in rat and mouse cells
      occurred between dexamethasone concentrations of 1.3-13 nM, with half-maximal
      effects seen at 6 nM. The divergent responses in sparse and dense rat cultures
      were found not to result from the selective attachment of cell subpopulations at
      different plating densities. Epidermal growth factor was mitogenic in both
      species. The effects of dexamethasone were not modified by the presence of
      epidermal growth factor in either low (1%) or high (10%) serum concentrations. In
      conclusion, these findings reemphasize the importance of species differences and
      the difficulty in comparing one system to another, even with closely related
      species such as mouse and rat. Furthermore, the data show that the culture
      conditions at the time of treatment dramatically influence the responses of these
      cells to glucocorticoids. These factors must be considered in studies of the
      hormonal regulation of bone cell proliferation.

PMID- 6832068
TI  - Intraovarian localization of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin
      stimulation of testosterone and estradiol synthesis in the pregnant rat.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to determine whether LH acts directly on
      luteal cells to stimulate testosterone and estradiol synthesis or whether it
      stimulates follicular and/or interstitial production of androgen and thus
      provides androgen substrate for luteal cell production of estradiol. Pregnant
      rats were injected with 1.5 IU human CG (hCG) twice daily sc between days 12 and
      14. On day 14, blood was obtained from both the jugular and ovarian vein. Corpora
      lutea (CL), follicles, and interstitium were isolated and incubated at 37 C for 4
      h. Estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone levels were measured in the
      peripheral circulation, ovarian vein plasma, tissues, and medium. After hCG
      treatment, no ovulation occurred, rats remained pregnant, and progesterone levels
      in the serum and in the ovarian vein plasma remained unchanged. In contrast,
      estradiol and testosterone levels in the ovarian vein increased from 0.7 +/- 0.1
      and 0.6 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, respectively, in vehicle-treated rats to 12.5 +/- 3.5 and
      4.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml in hCG-treated animals. In vivo treatment with hCG dramatically
      increased the in vitro capacity of luteal cells to synthesize de novo both
      testosterone and estradiol but had no stimulatory effect on progesterone
      synthesis. Testosterone synthesis by CL increased from 21 +/- 4 to 255 +/- 114
      pg/CL whereas estradiol synthesis rose from 30 +/- 7 to 4481 +/- 641 pg/CL. hCG
      also increased follicular synthesis of both estradiol and testosterone. The
      interstitium responded to the hCG challenge with a 50-fold increase in
      testosterone synthesis but with no change in estradiol production. To determine
      whether hCG rapidly stimulates ovarian production of testosterone, both in vivo
      and in vitro approaches were used. In the in vitro experiments, CL follicles, or
      interstitium obtained from day 14 pregnant rats were incubated with or without 3
      IU hCG. In the in vivo experiments, day 14 pregnant rats were injected with 3 IU
      hCG iv and were bled from the jugular and ovarian veins 0.5 and 2 h later. No
      increase in testosterone and estradiol production was observed after a short
      challenge with hCG. In summary, this study demonstrates that in the pregnant rat
      a sustained increase in serum hCG activity stimulates ovarian secretion of both
      testosterone and estradiol. We conclude that LH can act to induce the synthesis
      and/or activation of enzyme(s) involved in the conversion of progesterone to
      androgen in luteal tissue. The results also demonstrate that LH stimulates the
      synthesis of androgens but not of estradiol in interstitial tissue and confirms
      the finding that LH stimulates follicular production of both testosterone and
      estradiol.

PMID- 6832069
TI  - Conversion of thyroxine to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in the guinea pig placenta:
      in vivo studies.
AB  - Studies of placental inner-ring deiodination of T4 were carried out in pregnant
      guinea pigs, by in situ placental perfusion. When [131I]T4 and [125I]rT3 were
      administered to the mother, the ratio of fetal side to maternal side [131I]rT3
      was more than 10 times greater than the corresponding ratio for [125I]rT3. When
      radiolabeled T4 was supplied to the fetal side of the placenta in perfusion
      fluid, and the perfusate recycled through the placental circuit, there was a
      progressive increase in labeled rT3 concentration in the perfusate. These results
      indicate that the guinea pig placenta actively deiodinates both maternal and
      fetal T4 in the inner ring in vivo. We found evidence of very little outer ring
      deiodination of either T4 or rT3. The quantitative contribution of placental
      deiodination of maternal T4 to circulating rT3 in the fetus appears to be small;
      however, placental deiodination of fetal T4 (about 0.5 nmol/kg fetal BW X day)
      could contribute significantly to fetal rT3 levels. Our observations are
      consistent with the hypothesis that placental inner-ring deiodination of T4 plays
      a part in the regulation of fetal iodothyronine metabolism.

PMID- 6832070
TI  - Characterization of a triphenylethylene-antiestrogen-binding site on rat serum
      low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Several laboratories have reported the presence of an intracellular, high
      affinity [dissociation constant (Kd), 1-2 nM] antiestrogen-specific binding site
      in estrogen target tissues. In this report, we describe the binding properties
      and characteristics of an additional triphenylethylene antiestrogen-binding site
      in the serum of rats. By using saturation and competitive binding analyses with
      [3H]tamoxifen as the radio-labeled ligand, we have determined that rat serum
      contains a relatively high affinity (Kd, 28 nM), protease-sensitive binding site
      that is specific for antiestrogens of the triphenylethylene type (clomiphene and
      nafoxidine). Since this serum site has little affinity for the benzythiophene
      antiestrogens (LY 117018 and 156758), we have chosen the name of
      triphenylethylene-antiestrogen binding site (TABS). The concentration of serum
      TABS (picomoles of [3H]tamoxifen bound per ml serum) is roughly the same in males
      and females but is significantly greater in both sexes at days 5, 10, and 15 of
      age (400-500 pmol/ml) than in newborn or adult animals (100-200 pmol/ml).
      Preliminary characterization studies indicated that the serum TABS is probably a
      serum lipoprotein. Separation of rat serum lipoproteins on potassium bromide
      density gradients revealed that the serum TABS migrated with rat low density
      lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, rat LDL purified by density gradient
      centrifugation has an affinity and specificity for [3H]tamoxifen that is similar
      to the TABS found in whole serum. In contrast, the rat liver intracellular TABS
      does not have these density gradient characteristics. These data suggest that the
      rat serum TABS is LDL; however, the role of this serum lipoprotein in the
      mechanism of action of antiestrogens remains to be determined.

PMID- 6832071
TI  - Dissociation of light onset and wake onset: effect on rhesus monkey growth
      hormone secretion.
AB  - Synchronization of GH-secretory episodes occurs at light onset in the rhesus
      monkey and is later lost during the 24-h day. The stimulus for this
      synchronization was studied in nine male adult monkeys prepared with chronic
      jugular catheters. In a first experiment, light onset was delayed by 2 h (from
      0600 to 0800 h) on days 2-6 and returned to 0600 h on day 7. The animals were
      allowed to sleep on during the additional time of darkness. The early morning GH
      peak was immediately shifted to the new light-onset times, both after
      introduction of the delay and after its reversal. In a second experiment, the
      animals were awakened in darkness during a similar light-onset delay. Now the GH
      peaks constantly occurred at the time of awakening shortly after 0600 h, and no
      GH peak was seen after light onset at 0800 h. Neither experimental condition had
      an influence on the patterns of plasma PRL and cortisol. These results suggest
      that the early morning synchronization of the GH-secretory pattern in the rhesus
      monkey is triggered by awakening and not by light onset.

PMID- 6832072
TI  - Effect of anti-relaxin antiserum on sperm motility in vitro.
AB  - Rabbit anti-relaxin antisera, but not normal rabbit sera, causes a rapid decline
      of motility of washed human sperm. Preincubation of the antisera with relaxin
      eliminates this effect. This sperm immobilization effect can serve as a basis of
      a rapid screening test for anti-relaxin antisera and as a novel adjuvant to
      barrier contraceptive methods.

PMID- 6832073
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine and glucose on cultured rat hepatocyte gene
      expression.
AB  - Both thyroid hormone and carbohydrate feeding are known to influence hepatic gene
      expression in vivo. In order to determine whether these compounds act directly on
      the liver, we have utilized an isolated adult rat hepatocyte culture to examine
      the in vitro influence of either T3 or glucose on a wide range of mRNA
      activities. RNA was extracted from hepatocyte cultures, translated in the rabbit
      reticulocyte system, and the translated products separated by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. We have found a strong similarity between the hepatic mRNA
      response to T3 administered either to the animal or added to the culture medium
      and between the response to high carbohydrate feeding and an increase in the
      medium glucose concentration. Our studies suggest that the isolated hepatocyte
      culture is a useful model for the study of the influence of hormones and
      metabolites on the expression of specific mRNA's.

PMID- 6832074
TI  - Modulation of tamoxifen-specific binding sites and estrogen receptors by
      estradiol and progesterone in the neonatal uterus of guinea pig.
AB  - Estradiol administration to newborn guinea pigs (30 ng/g body wt) provokes an 84
      +/- 10% and 145 +/- 10% (means +/- SE) increase of tamoxifen-specific binding
      site (site B) in the uterine cytosol and in the 0.6 M KCl nuclear extract,
      respectively, 48 h after hormone administration. The simultaneous injection of
      progesterone (15 micrograms/g body wt) with estradiol antagonizes this estrogen
      induced increase of site B. Parallel modifications of estrogen receptor are
      observed following the same estradiol treatment: after translocation to the
      nuclear fraction, cytoplasmic estrogen receptor is replenished 24 h after hormone
      administration with a net increase of 60 +/- 10% (mean +/- SE) after 48 h. The
      increase of estrogen receptor is also antagonized by the simultaneous
      administration of progesterone. It is concluded that the levels of both tamoxifen
      specific binding site and estrogen receptor are modulated by estradiol and
      progesterone in the neonatal uterus of guinea pig.

PMID- 6832075
TI  - Pulse administration of estradiol-17 beta cancels sex difference in behavioral
      estrogen sensitivity.
AB  - No sex differences were found in the capability of estradiol-17 beta (E2) to
      induce female sexual behaviors in adult gonadectomized rats when it was
      administered by a pulsatile schedule and followed by progesterone. Administration
      of E2 in constant-release implants resulted in a clear behavioral sex difference,
      with females showing higher levels than males. The ovaries of proestrous females
      were shown to secrete E2 in a pulsatile manner and the schedule of E2
      administration which cancelled the behavioral sex difference produced pulses of
      serum E2 of an amplitude which was within the physiological range. Thus, the sex
      difference in behavioral E2 sensitivity is dependent upon the manner of E2
      administration and if a physiological schedule of E2 administration is employed
      the sex difference is cancelled.

PMID- 6832076
TI  - Potassium-modulated secretion of immunoreactive melanocyte-stimulating hormone
      and endorphin from mouse neuro-intermediate lobes: evidence for stimulus
      secretion uncoupling and rate sensitivity.
AB  - A multi-chamber perifusion system, capable of detecting transient secretory
      events, was used to define the roles of stepwise changes and gradients of K+
      concentration in modulation of alpha-MSH and endorphin secretion. Fifteen
      dispersed mouse neuro-intermediate lobes per chamber were perifused with
      Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium at 0.5 ml/min. One-min fractions were collected.
      Ten min of 67 mM K+ elicited an immediate, very brief 4-fold increase in
      secretion of both hormones. Surprisingly, the return to normal K+ elicited a
      similar increase in secretion. Ten min K+-free medium produced an immediate
      decrease in secretion. Exposure to a 10-min 0-67 mM K+ gradient did not produce
      an increase in secretion; however, the stepwise return to normal K+, identical to
      that in the first experiment, elicited an immediate, brief increase in secretion.
      CONCLUSIONS: 1) The rapid decline in secretory activity during 67 mM K+ cannot be
      explained either by "down regulation" of receptors, since this secretagogue is
      not receptor-mediated, or by depletion of labile hormone, since a second
      secretory episode occurred immediately following termination of high K+. This
      suggests that some other cellular mechanism "uncouples" stimulus-secretory
      mechanisms. 2) Although depolarization with high K+ and hyperpolarization with K+
      free medium were associated with increases and decreases, respectively, in
      secretion, it appears that it is the rate of ion flux rather than polarization
      which is responsible for stimulus-secretion coupling.

PMID- 6832077
TI  - Cysteamine depletes prolactin in young and old hyperprolactinemic rats.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of cysteamine on serum and
      anterior pituitary concentrations of prolactin in hyperprolactinemic female rats.
      Serum prolactin was elevated in young (4 to 5 months old) rats by implantation of
      17 beta-estradiol while 26- to 28-month-old rats were in constant estrus and
      exhibited an age-related hyperprolactinemia. At 4 h after treatment with
      cysteamine (90 mg/kg body wt) serum and anterior pituitary prolactin
      concentrations were reduced in young animals by 98 and 85%, respectively. In old
      constant-estrous rats, cysteamine reduced serum prolactin by 92% and anterior
      pituitary prolactin by 82%. In young pseudopregnant rats, cysteamine induced a
      prompt resumption of estrous cycles. These studies indicate that cysteamine is an
      effective depletor of serum and pituitary prolactin in hyperprolactinemic rats.

PMID- 6832078
TI  - Zinc-induced seizures: a new experimental model of epilepsy.
AB  - Seizures produced by intracerebral injection of zinc sulfate in rabbits are a new
      chronic model of experimental epilepsy. The main features of this model are: the
      animals are easily controlled, the electrocorticogram is conveniently recorded,
      the endpoints are definite, and the rate of seizure is higher than with other
      methods. The commonly used antiepileptic drugs, such as phenobarbital (30 mg/kg),
      diphenylhydantoin (30 mg/kg), nitrazepam (3 mg/kg), and sodium valproate (300
      mg/kg), have therapeutic effects in treating this experimental epilepsy, when
      they are given intravenously. But they can not protect the rabbits from death,
      except phenobarbital.

PMID- 6832080
TI  - Learning impairment in epileptic patients.
AB  - In order to evaluate immediate recall and learning in epileptic patients, four
      tests were chosen: Wechsler's memory span for digits, graphic reproduction of
      geometric figures from the Wechsler Memory Scale, learning of a list of words
      from the Rey Memory Scale, and recognition of these words. These tests were
      performed on 200 epileptic patients over the age of 15 years, without defined
      cerebral lesions, and with a normal or subnormal social adjustment. Memory
      impairment was analyzed with respect to the following variables: seizure
      frequency, seizure type, duration of the disorder, and anticonvulsant medication.
      Patient data were compared with values obtained for a population of 100 normal
      subjects matched for age and level of education. Comparison between epileptics
      and controls clearly demonstrated a statistically significant memory impairment
      in the group of patients. However, the reasons for these poor performances are
      not clear, and none of the studied parameters (type of epilepsy, frequency of
      seizures, duration of the disease, and medication), if considered alone, accounts
      for this impairment.

PMID- 6832079
TI  - A review of pharmacology and clinical use of piperine and its derivatives.
AB  - Piperine and its derivatives are effective anticonvulsant drugs that antagonize
      convulsions induced by physical and chemical methods. Their major anticonvulsant
      activity as shown in animal tests lies in modification of the maximal
      electroshock seizure pattern. They also have sedative-hypnotic, tranquilizing,
      and muscle-relaxing actions and can intensify the depressive action of other
      depressants, when used in combination. Antiepilepsirine, one of the derivatives
      of piperine, is used as an antiepileptic drug in treating different types of
      epilepsy. It has been proved effective and is being widely used in China. The
      anticonvulsant action of 7446, 7448, and 7903 is more potent than that of
      antiepilepsirine. The chemical structure of piperine and its derivatives is
      different from that of prototype antiepileptic drugs, and, therefore, these may
      become a new group of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 6832082
TI  - The effect of auditory stimulation on epileptogenic electroencephalographic
      activity.
AB  - A 24-year-old man with epilepsia generalisata secundaria had a frequency of 5.70
      seizures daily and an EEG epileptic activity of 5-15 s/min. Auditory stimulation
      was administered contingent on epileptogenic activity during daily experimental
      periods. In comparison to control base-line periods this first resulted in a
      reduction of seizure duration and thereafter in a reduction in seizure frequency.
      In a control experiment in which auditory stimulation was provided randomly there
      was no similar reduction of seizure duration or frequency. At the termination of
      the experiment the patient's seizure frequency had dropped to 2.66 per day.

PMID- 6832081
TI  - Feline generalized penicillin epilepsy: changes of glutamic acid and taurine
      parallel the progressive increase in excitability of the cortex.
AB  - A coinciding temporal sequence of electrophysiological and biochemical correlates
      of developing generalized penicillin epilepsy in cats may indicate a "cause and
      effect" relationship between the two phenomena. After intramuscular injection of
      penicillin, in the pre-epileptic state prior to the onset of spike-and-wave
      discharge, the cortical content of glutamic acid decreases. This change occurs
      when an increased amplitude of visual evoked potentials in association cortex
      heralds the approach of spike-and-wave activity. The decrease of glutamic acid
      and that of aspartic acid occur in parallel with an almost stoichiometric
      increase of glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or both, while taurine
      levels in the pre-epileptic state remain near normal. As the pre-epileptic
      progresses to the epileptic state, characterized by generalized 4-5 cycles/s
      spike-and-wave discharges, a failure of the glial capture mechanisms for taurine
      and glutamate appears to occur, since both amino acids are lost from the tissue
      and glutamine levels fall while GABA levels are maintained or become elevated but
      increasingly at the expense of aspartic acid. A presumed increase in interstitial
      glutamic acid concentration possibly in combination with subsequent failure of
      GABA inhibition appears the most plausible explanation for the increasing
      hyperexcitability during the development of feline generalized penicillin
      epilepsy.

PMID- 6832083
TI  - Relationship of General Aptitude Test Battery scores to successful employment for
      epileptics in a rehabilitation setting.
AB  - The US Employment Service's (USES) General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), when
      used with USES-developed cut-off scores, has been found to be an accurate
      predictor of successful job performance. In the present study, results of the
      GATB scores obtained by vocational rehabilitation clients (n = 15) who were
      successfully placed into permanent employment were evaluated with reference to
      published GATB norms and cut-off scores. The major finding of this study was that
      the scores were not accurate predictors of successful employment for this
      population. Subjects' subtest scores averaged between 1/2 and 2 SD below the
      published means, with scores on subtests measuring motor speed and dexterity
      producing the lowest values. Subtests measuring verbal and visual--spatial
      ability produced relatively higher values. In only 3 instances was successful
      employment predicted by the cut-off scores. For the entire sample, GATB scores
      were frequently low enough to indicate poor job performance in nearly all
      occupations covered by published cut-off scores. Based on the results from the
      present study, and considering the wide-spread use of the GATB in the United
      States, a more comprehensive research project is being implemented to adapt GATB
      material for use with the targeted population.

PMID- 6832085
TI  - Synergism in the transformation of hamster embryo cells treated with formaldehyde
      and adenovirus.
AB  - Formaldehyde is a large production volume chemical widely distributed in research
      laboratories, industrial workplaces, and home and personal environments.
      Inhalation studies with formaldehyde have documented its ability to produce
      squamous cell carcinomas in rats. When primary hamster embryo cells were treated
      by gaseous exposure to formaldehyde or by incorporation into the medium, a dose
      related increase in the frequency of SA7 virus transformation was produced. The
      length of chemical treatment and the time interval before subsequent addition of
      transforming virus was critical, with two-hr treatment times as the most
      efficient. Treatment by gaseous exposure permitted utilization of lower treatment
      concentrations. Determination of formaldehyde concentrations in culture media of
      bioassay dishes treated by this method documented that 2.2 micrograms/ml produced
      significantly enhanced viral transformation. Exposure of hamster embryo cells to
      formaldehyde by these methods produces reproducible and quantitative genotoxic
      effects.

PMID- 6832084
TI  - Review: putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. I. Nitrate/nitrite ingestion
      and gastric cancer mortality.
AB  - Published figures for per capita daily levels of nitrate ingestion in the 1970s
      are compared with gastric cancer mortality estimates for the same period. A
      strong positive correlation is observed in 12 countries, not only when the data
      are analyzed as a linear-linear function, as illustrated in this paper, but also
      when the relationship is analyzed as a function of (nitrate)2. This correlation
      supports the concept that important components of gastric cancer induction are
      the in vivo bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the intragastric
      formation of mutagenic/carcinogenic nitroso, and possibly nitro compounds. Data
      are summarized from a recent National Academy of Sciences [1981] study that
      enumerates by individual dietary sources the mean ingestion of nitrate and
      nitrite by the United States population at the present time. The ingestion
      figures are used to calculate the probable current gastric nitrite load in US
      adults with normal gastric acidity. Similar calculations are provided for past
      years (1925, 1936-1937, and 1971-1972). Since 1925, there has been an
      approximately threefold decrease in gastric cancer mortality in the US, and this
      decline is paralleled by an approximately fourfold decrease in average gastric
      nitrite load. The excessive ingestion of nitrate/nitrite in the US in past years
      is attributed to the very high content of nitrate and nitrite in cured meats.
      Several ways compatible with current US farming and marketing practices that are
      capable of reducing the gastric nitrite load even further are pointed out.

PMID- 6832087
TI  - Binding of benzidine, N-acetylbenzidine, N, N'-diacetylbenzidine and Direct Blue
      6 to rat liver DNA.
AB  - Studies were performed to assess covalent binding of [3H]benzidine, [14C]N
      acetylbenzidine, [14C]N, N'-diacetylbenzidine, and the benzidine-derived azo dye
      Direct Blue 6 to rat hepatic DNA. Following IP injection into male Sprague-Dawley
      rats, benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine bound to liver DNA to yield the same
      adduct: N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N'-acetylbenzidine. The isomeric N-(deoxyguanosin
      8-yl)-N-acetylbenzidine and the deacetylated adduct N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)
      benzidine were also synthesized, but neither of these adducts was detected in
      vivo. Injection of N,N'-diacetylbenzidine resulted in only barely detectable
      binding which was insufficient for adduct analysis. [3H]Direct Blue 6 was
      administered to male Wistar rats either by IP injection or by gavage. In both
      instances, Direct Blue 6 bound covalently to liver DNA; however, binding occurred
      at a much higher level in the IP injected animals. With IP injected animals, high
      pressure liquid chromatographic analysis indicated that approximately 70% of the
      radioactivity was associated with N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl) benzidine.

PMID- 6832086
TI  - A comparative cytogenetic study on cases of induced abortions in TCDD-exposed and
      nonexposed women.
AB  - In order to evaluate the cytogenetic findings previously obtained on induced
      abortions in women exposed to 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxim (TCDD) after
      the Seveso accident, chromosome analyses were carried out on a comparable control
      sample. The frequencies of aberrant cells, the relative proportions of individual
      types of chromosome aberration, the average number of lesions per damaged cell,
      and the frequencies of polyploids do not differ significantly in maternal blood
      and placenta in the two samples. A highly significant increase in the frequencies
      of aberrant cells and in the average number of aberrations per damaged cell was
      found in the fetal tissues in the group of exposed pregnancies. A noticeable
      feature of the data on the frequencies of cells with aberrations is the marked
      variability among individuals within tissues and within samples. On the basis of
      these results, the authors point to the need to continue cytogenetic
      investigations on interrupted pregnancies in TCDD-exposed and nonexposed women.

PMID- 6832088
TI  - Induction of the base displacement or Z conformation in DNA by N-2
      acetylaminofluorene modification.
AB  - Modification of deoxyguanosine at the C(8) position by the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N
      2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) has been shown to result in two different
      conformational changes dependent on the nucleotide sequence of the modified
      polymer. AAF modification of random sequence DNA results in a large distortion of
      the helix which is termed base displacement. In this conformation, the carcinogen
      is inserted into the DNA perpendicular to the helix axis with the guanosine
      displaced to the outside. Large single-stranded regions are generated which are
      susceptible to S(1) nuclease digestion and react with anti-cytidine antibodies.A
      different conformation has been observed when the alternating purine pyrimidine
      copolymer, poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) is modified. At a modification level of 28%
      this polymer shows a CD spectrum characteristic of the left-handed Z-DNA seen in
      the unmodified polymer at high ethanol or salt concentrations. Base pairing of
      the modified polymer remains intact as demonstrated by its resistance to
      digestion with S(1) nuclease and lack of reactivity with anti-cytidine
      antibodies. Modification of poly(dG-m(5)dC).poly(dG-m(5)dC) with AAF was also
      shown to induce the Z conformation. However, for this polymer, inversion of the
      CD spectrum takes place at a much lower modification level (10%) than for the
      nonmethylated polymer (>20%). This polymer is also resistant to S(1) nuclease
      digestion consistent with its adoption of the Z conformation with AAF
      modification. A possible role in gene expression for the Z conformation of AAF
      modified regions is discussed.

PMID- 6832089
TI  - Cell specificity in DNA binding and repair of chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Many animal models for organ specific neoplasia have been developed and used to
      study the pathogenesis of cancer. Morphologic studies have usually concentrated
      on the response of target cells, whereas biochemical investigations have usually
      employed whole organ homogenates. Since hepatocytes comprise nearly 90% of the
      liver's mass and 70-80% of its DNA, alterations in DNA replication, covalent
      binding and DNA repair of nonparenchymal cells are usually obscured when whole
      organ homogenates are used. By utilizing cell separation methods, we have been
      able to demonstrate differences between hepatocyte and nonparenchymal cell
      replication. DNA damage and repair following exposure to a variety of
      hepatocarcinogen. Differences in removal of simple O6-alkylguanine and DNA
      replication correlate with cell specific carcinogenesis of simply alkylating
      agents. For several other procarcinogens, including 2-acetylaminofluorene and
      dinitroluene, cell specificity appears to reside primarily in the differential
      metabolic competence of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. This results in
      greater covalent binding of the carcinogen to hepatocyte DNA, although the DNA
      adducts are removed at a similar rate in both cell types.

PMID- 6832090
TI  - Genotoxic effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene on rat and human hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated rat and human hepatocytes in primary culture were shown to metabolize
      AAF to reactive intermediates which damaged hepatocyte DNA. A significant
      increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was detectable by autoradiography in rat
      and human hepatocytes exposed to concentrations of AAF as low as 1 microM. When
      rat hepatocytes were plated over confluent monolayers of human fibroblasts and
      exposed to 3H-AAF, significant binding of AAF to the DNA of the fibroblasts as
      well as the hepatocytes was measured. In other experiments with hepatocyte
      fibroblast cocultures, nonradioactive AAF, at concentrations greater than 40
      microM, induced a significant increase in the HPRT- mutation frequency in the
      human fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that hepatocytes can be used to
      assess genotoxicity of carcinogenic compounds and are useful for interspecies
      comparisons in chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6832092
TI  - Pathogenesis of human urinary bladder cancer.
AB  - The pathogenesis of bladder cancer is being analyzed at several levels of
      biological organization, i.e., population groups, individual whole animal,
      tissue, cell, molecule, etc. Each of these levels provides opportunities for
      mechanistic studies. Yet the integration of these several levels into a cohesive
      fabric is incomplete. From a clinical point of view, the following seem of
      importance to human bladder cancer pathogenesis. The initiation, promotion, and
      progression of bladder cancer involves several factors acting concurrently or
      sequentially. These factors appear to be naturally occurring or synthetically
      created chemicals present in the external environment. Human exposures to these
      agents may begin in utero, and varying, dynamic qualitative and quantitative
      exposure patterns continue through developmental and adult life. Apparent latent
      periods of development of clinical bladder cancer may be as short as one, or as
      long as 50 years or more. Individuals may exhibit differential susceptibility to
      vesical carcinogens, perhaps through phenotypic differences in quantitative
      biotransformation routes. Differences in bladder epithelial cell susceptibilities
      probably also occur, as well as varying local tissue and generalized resistance
      to neoplasia formation. Older individuals do not appear to be more resistant to
      bladder carcinogenesis. A number of animal model systems have been developed for
      the study of the in vivo, cellular, and molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer.
      These models replicate many of the known salient features of human bladder
      cancer. Through use of appropriate whole animal models in conjunction with
      investigations of human and animal bladder cells and tissues in culture,
      controlled mechanistic and quantitative studies of bladder cancer pathogenesis
      should rapidly develop.

PMID- 6832091
TI  - Distinctive biochemical pattern associated with resistance of hepatocytes in
      hepatocyte nodules during liver carcinogenesis.
AB  - Hepatocyte ("hyperplastic") nodules induced in the liver by initiation with
      diethylnitrosamine and selected by dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial
      hepatectomy ("resistant hepatocyte model") have a special pattern of biochemical
      behavior and metabolic activity different than that seen acutely with many
      xenobiotics including many promoting agents and carcinogens. The nodule cells
      show a very low uptake of 2-acetylaminofluorene, relative to surrounding and
      normal liver, low levels of activity in the cytochromes P-450 and aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase, high levels of activity in gamma-glutamyltransferase,
      microsomal epoxide hydrolase, soluble glutathione-S-transferase and soluble UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT(1)) and elevated levels of glutathione. This
      metabolic pattern appears to maximize the resistance of the nodules to
      xenobiotics generally, such as 2-acetylaminofluorene, and thereby may account for
      the resistant behavior of nodule hepatocytes to the inhibition of cell
      proliferation and the cytotoxicity by 2-acetylaminofluorene and other
      carcinogens. The possible importance of this seemingly new metabolic program in
      carcinogenesis is discussed briefly.

PMID- 6832093
TI  - Multistage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder.
AB  - The induction of cancer of the urinary bladder is a multi-stage process involving
      multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. Based on the classical initiation
      promotion model, we have used N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide
      (FANFT) as initiator and sodium saccharin (SAC) or tryptophan as promoters. These
      latter chemicals have the properties expected of promoters: induction of
      hyperplasia, reversibility and nonmutagenicity. Also, tumors were induced whether
      the promoter was administered immediately after FANFT or beginning 6 weeks after
      FANFT was discontinued, but no tumors resulted if either promoter was given
      without initiation with FANFT. Factor(s) present in normal urine also are
      involved in the promotion process, in addition to the role of urine as a carrier
      of carcinogens. However, administration of SAC to animals with a rapidly
      proliferating bladder mucosa, induced by ulceration, pellet insertion, or in
      utero, resulted in bladder tumor induction, even without prior initiation with
      FANFT. To better understand the complex interaction of the multiple variables in
      bladder carcinogenesis, a stochastic computer model has been formulated based on
      long-term carcinogenicity and tissue kinetic studies in vivo. This model
      indicates the importance of cell proliferation and the development of hyperplasia
      in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6832094
TI  - N-hydroxylation of carcinogenic and mutagenic aromatic amines.
AB  - N-Hydroxylation and mutagenic activation of heterocyclic aromatic amines from
      protein pyrolysis products were studied in rat liver microsomes and nuclei, rat
      hepatocytes and various species of purified cytochrome P-450. These mutagenic
      amines include Trp-P-2 (3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole), Trp-P-1 (3
      amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole), Glu-P-1 (2-amino-6-methyldipyrido
      [1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole), Glu-P-2 (2-amino-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) and
      IQ (2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline). The number of revertants of
      Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was always correlated to the amount of each of the N
      hydroxylated metabolites in various experimental conditions. The N-hydroxylated
      amines covalently bound to DNA directly or after being acylated with amino acids
      by amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase. Various species of cytochrome P-450 preparations
      showed markedly different activity in N-hydroxylation and mutagenic activation of
      Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1 and IQ. A high spin form of cytochrome P-450, isolated from the
      liver of PCB-treated rats, showed very high activity in N-hydroxylation of Trp-P
      2, Glu-P-1 and 2-aminofluorene, although its activity was very low in
      benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation. The present results indicate that different species
      of cytochrome P-450 are involved in the N-hydroxylation and mutagenic activation
      of aromatic amines.

PMID- 6832095
TI  - Modifying factors in urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
AB  - N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) is a potent carcinogen in the urinary
      bladder of animals. The BBN model of bladder cancer is an excellent model of
      human urinary bladder cancer and has already led to a greater knowledge of its
      pathogenesis. In our studies, histogenesis and morphological characteristics of
      BBN urinary bladder cancer were analyzed in different animal species such as
      rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs and also in different rat strains. Papillary
      or nodular hyperplasia (PN hyperplasia) is found to be a preneoplastic lesion of
      the rat urinary bladder. Therefore, the promoting and inhibitory effects of
      various chemicals in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were judged by
      measuring PN hyperplasia in rats. Dose-dependent and organ-specific effects of
      the urinary bladder promoter, saccharin, in the induction of PN hyperplasia were
      shown in rats after initiation by BBN. The promoting effect of saccharin was seen
      more clearly in the urinary bladder of rats after potent initiation. A strain
      difference in susceptibility of the urinary bladder to the promoter was also
      shown. These results suggest that the above various factors may also have
      modifying activities on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in man.

PMID- 6832097
TI  - Role of tissue exposure and DNA lesions for organ-specific effects of
      carcinogenic trans-4-acetylaminostilbene in rats.
AB  - trans-4-Acetylaminostilbene is acutely toxic to the glandular stomach and
      produces sebaceous gland tumors in rats quite specifically. Metabolism, tissue
      exposure to reactive metabolites, DNA binding and persistence of DNA lesions are
      implicated in tissue susceptibility, but nothing indicates that one of these
      parameters determines the biological effect. All tissues are exposed to reactive
      metabolites, liver as a nontarget tissue ranking highest. DNA binding in this
      tissue, however, is not irrelevant to tumor formation, but rather indicates the
      presence of initiating lesions. They can be amplified by partial hepatectomy
      and/or promoters, such as phenobarbital, DDT and diethylstilbestrol. Liver tumors
      are formed in high yields with these treatments, and mammary tumors also occur.
      trans-4-Acetylaminostilbene is therefore considered to be an incomplete
      carcinogen in these tissues and may initiate cells in other tissues as well.
      Apparently it lacks promoting properties which are supposed to be unrelated to
      reactive metabolites. It is concluded that DNA lesions do not reflect tissue
      risk, but rather secondary effects ultimately determine where the process of
      tumor formation starts and how fast it develops.

PMID- 6832096
TI  - Prostaglandin hydroperoxidase-catalyzed activation of certain N-substituted aryl
      renal and bladder carcinogens.
AB  - Certain carcinogens are thought to induce renal and bladder cancer following
      metabolic activation. We propose a model system for this activation and provide
      supporting experimental evidence. This model proposes that renal and bladder
      carcinogens' entry into the urinary tract is facilitated, that carcinogens are
      activated by the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin
      endoperoxide synthetase (PES), and that activation results in covalent binding to
      nucleic acids which can initiate carcinogenesis. Benzidine and the 5-nitrofuran
      HMN were shown to inhibit uptake of organic anions and cations, respectively.
      Carcinogen binding to DNA was dependent upon specific unsaturated fatty acid
      substrates and prevented by specific inhibitors of PES, i.e., aspirin. Activation
      with organic peroxides or H(2)O(2) was inhibited by antioxidants but not aspirin.
      Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) metabolized benzidine but not ANFT. Acetaminophen
      and the 5-nitrofurans ANFT and HMN prevented PES (14)C-benzidine metabolism.
      However, only acetaminophen inhibited HRP metabolism of benzidine. The only
      aerobic metabolism we have observed of 5-nitrofurans is PES-catalyzed. Aspirin
      (0.5% in the diet) inhibited rat bladder hyperplastic lesions induced by feeding
      0.1% or 0.2% FANFT for 6 or 12 weeks. Aspirin reduced bladder prostaglandin
      synthesis and PES metabolism of FANFT. After one year of an ongoing long-term
      study, gross examination reveals bladder tumors in 85% of the rats fed 0.2% FANFT
      and in only 37% of the rats fed FANFT plus 0.5% aspirin.

PMID- 6832098
TI  - Use of 2-acetamidophenanthrene and 2-acetamidofluorene in investigations of
      mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Comparison studies have been undertaken on the hepatocarcinogen 2
      acetamidofluorene (AAF) and its nonhepatocarcinogenic analog 2
      acetamidophenanthrene (AAP). Previous studies have shown that amount of compound
      acutely and persistently bound to rat liver DNA is comparable for the two
      compounds following single injections into adult Fischer rats, but that AAP fails
      to initiate tumors in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. In this work we show that the
      amount of bound adduct from AAF and AAP is also comparable after three weeks of
      feeding compound to weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three of the adducts found
      in RNA of AAP-treated rats cochromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 with two adenosine
      adducts and one guanosine adduct prepared by reaction of the nucleosides with N
      acetoxy-N-trifluoroacetyl-2-aminophenanthrene at neutrality. Because of the lack
      of initiating ability of AAP in liver, we have also investigated early
      biochemical alterations in liver after various regimens. Feeding of either AAF or
      AAP to male weanling rats, followed by three weeks of DDT feeding produced no
      alteration in either histochemically detected gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or in
      ganglioside complement in total liver homogenate. Partial hepatectomy after
      feeding of either AAF or AAP resulted in the appearance of new fucoganglioside
      and alteration in the distribution of the major gangliosides. DDT feeding after
      partial hepatectomy resulted in foci of elevated gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in
      AAF-fed rats but not in AAP-fed rats. These results support a previous proposal
      that AAP may initiate tumorigenesis in rat liver, but that the promoting regimens
      now in use lack the ability to cause further progression of the initiated cells.
      The data also suggests that ganglioside synthesis may be a more sensitive marker
      for early stages in carcinogenesis than are the various histochemical stains now
      in use.

PMID- 6832099
TI  - Binding and repair of 2-acetylaminofluorene adducts in distinct liver cell
      populations.
AB  - The study of the binding of the liver carcinogen, N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene, to
      the DNA of the target organ-as the probable initial step in the process of
      carcinogenesis-has shown that three modes of interaction occur. N-Acetyl-2
      aminofluorene is covalently bound with the nitrogen to the carbon 8 of guanine
      (I) and with the 3-position to the free NH(2)-group of guanine (II). The third
      mode of interaction is formed by a covalent bond between the nitrogen of 2
      aminofluorene and the carbon 8 of guanine (III). In this study the different
      modes of interaction were measured separately in stromal and parenchymal cells of
      the rat liver, after a single intraperitoneal dose. The DNA was isolated from
      nuclei that had been separated by 1g sedimentation. In parenchymal DNA the types
      of interaction I and III occur in the same amounts one day after application. In
      stromal cells the amount of interaction I is relatively small and interaction III
      predominates (ratio III:I = 5). The amount of interaction III in tetraploid
      hepatocytes (the largest cell population in the studied rats) per mg DNA is about
      two times higher than in the stromal cells. While the removal of the total amount
      of DNA-bound carcinogen takes place at the same rate in the two cell types, a
      difference in rate and efficiency of repair is observed for the different types
      of interaction. In tetraploid hepatocytes, interaction I is almost completely
      removed from the DNA 2 weeks after application, while interaction III diminishes
      to about 1/3 during the first week but the remaining part disappears very slowly.
      As shown in earlier studies, interaction II remains in the DNA at a constant
      level.

PMID- 6832103
TI  - Lead toxicity in the pregnant rat. I. The effect of high-level lead on delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in maternal and fetal blood or tissues.
AB  - A study was made of the effects of administration of 500 ppm of lead in the
      drinking water of pregnant rats and their fetuses. The delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase (ALAD) activity of erythrocytes in lead-treated dams showed 82.7 and
      74.8% inhibition on Days 18 and 21 of pregnancy, respectively. ALAD activity of
      erythrocytes in the lead-treated fetuses showed 59.7 and 73.0% inhibition on Days
      18 and 21 of pregnancy, respectively. ALAD activities in the liver and placenta
      were not significantly different between the lead-treated and control animals.
      The lead concentrations of blood and liver in the lead-treated dams and fetuses
      were higher than in the control animals, but the lead level of amniotic fluid was
      not significantly different from that of the control animals. Significant
      correlations were observed between maternal and fetal blood lead, liver lead, and
      erythrocyte ALAD, but there was no significant correlation between maternal and
      fetal liver ALAD.

PMID- 6832101
TI  - Rabbit lung after inhalation of soluble nickel. I. Effects on alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages from eight rabbits, exposed for about 1 month (5 days/week,
      6 hr/day) to an aerosol of nickel chloride, 0.3 mg/m3 (as Ni), were studied. The
      number of macrophages in the lavage fluid and the variance of the cell diameter
      increased. The macrophages contained laminated structures and most cells had an
      active cell surface. A few macrophages had a large number of laminated structures
      and a smooth cell surface. The capacity of the macrophages to reduce nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT) tended to be increased at rest and was significantly increased
      after stimulation with Escherichia coli. The bactericidal capacity of the
      macrophages was decreased. The effects were similar to those earlier described
      after exposure of rabbits for 1 month to about 1 mg/m3 of metallic nickel dust.
      After exposure both to metallic and soluble nickel the effects are probably
      caused by an increased amount of surfactant produced by the type II cells in
      response to nickel ions.

PMID- 6832102
TI  - Rabbit lungs after long-term exposure to low nickel dust concentration. II.
      Effects on morphology and function.
AB  - For 4 and 8 months (5 days/week, 6 hr/day) rabbits were exposed to 0.13 +/- 0.05
      (mean +/- SD) mg/m3 of metallic nickel dust. Volume density of alveolar type II
      cells was estimated with electron microscopy. Lavaged alveolar macrophages were
      studied with light and electron microscopy and their abilities to reduce
      nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and to phagocytize particles were tested. The effects
      seemed to be similar after 4 and 8 months of exposure and when the exposed
      animals were combined, volume density of type II cells was increased and also
      significantly correlated with concentration of disaturated phosphatidylcholines
      in the lung. The macrophages had an active surface. Their NBT activity at rest
      was increased but a further increase during stimulation with E. coli was low,
      suggesting an impaired function. Phagocytic activity, however, was not
      significantly changed.

PMID- 6832100
TI  - Determination of 2-acetylaminofluorene adducts by immunoassay.
AB  - Antisera elicited in rabbits were used in radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine femtomole quantities of
      deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)-acetylaminofluorene (dg-8-AAF) and deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)
      aminofluorene (dg-8-AF). These adducts have been monitored in liver and kidney
      DNA of male Wistar-Furth rats fed 0.02% or 0.04% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)
      either continuously or for a limited time followed by an interval on control
      diet. After 24 hr of 0.02% 2-AAF feeding, substantial levels of binding (80
      fmole/mug DNA) were observed in liver DNA and increased with time, reaching a
      plateau of approximately 230 fmole/mug DNA at 30 days and thereafter. During the
      first week of continuous feeding about 80% of the total C-8 adducts in the liver
      DNA were deacetylated (dG-8-AF). By 25-60 days, dG-8-AF represented 97-100% of
      all C-8 adducts as measured by RIA and confirmed by HPLC. Values for C-8 adduct
      formation in kidney DNA were severalfold lower than in liver and dG-8-AF
      represented >90% of C-8 adducts at all times studied. In removal or repair
      experiments, rats were fed 2-AAF for 3, 7 or 28 days, the 2-AAF diet was
      discontinued and the liver adducts assayed after intervals on control diet. When
      dietary 2-AAF administration was for 3 or 7 days, removal of adducts was
      efficient and almost complete by 28 days on control diet, with preferential
      retention of dG-8-AF. However, when dietary 2-AAF administration was for 28 days,
      adduct levels were higher, the repair capacity was saturated and the removal of C
      8 adducts was not complete after control diet for a 28-day interval. In a
      preliminary experiment when [(3)H]-2-AAF was fed for 3 days, after 25 days of
      0.02% 2-AAF, the rates of newly formed adduct formation and removal were similar
      to those observed for the initial 3 days of 2-AAF feeding. These results
      demonstrate the predominance and persistence of dG-8-AF in liver and kidney DNA
      of 2-AAF-fed rats and suggest that the repair capacity of the whole rat liver was
      not diminished after 1 month of 2-AAF feeding.

PMID- 6832104
TI  - Mortality among chemical workers exposed to benzene and other agents.
AB  - A historical cohort mortality study was conducted of 259 male employees of a
      chemical plant where benzene has been used in large quantities. The study group
      included all persons who were employed by the Company any time between January 1,
      1947 and December 31, 1960. The cohort was followed through December 31, 1977 at
      which time 58 known deaths were identified. The only unusual finding was four
      deaths from lymphoreticular cancers when 1.1 would have been expected on the
      basis of national mortality rates. Three of the deaths were due to leukemia and
      one was caused by multiple myeloma. In addition, one of the leukemia deaths had
      multiple myeloma listed on the death certificate. The findings are consistent
      with previous reports of leukemia following occupational exposure to benzene and
      raise the possibility that multiple myeloma could be linked to benzene, also.

PMID- 6832105
TI  - Pulmonary function and symptoms of Nigerian workers exposed to Carbon black in
      dry cell battery and tire factories.
AB  - The pulmonary function and symptoms of 125 workers exposed to carbon black in dry
      cell battery and tire manufacturing plants were investigated. There was no
      significant difference in the pulmonary function of the subjects in the two
      plants. There was good agreement in the symptoms reported in the two different
      factories: cough with phlegm production, tiredness, chest pain, catarrh,
      headache, and skin irritation. The symptoms also corroborate those reported in
      the few studies on the pulmonary effects of carbon black. The suspended
      particulate levels in the dry cell battery plant ranged from 25 to 34 mg/m3 and
      the subjects with the highest probable exposure level had the most impaired
      pulmonary function. The pulmonary function of the exposed subjects was
      significantly lower than that of a control, nonindustrially exposed population.
      The drop in the lung function from the expected value per year of age was
      relatively constant for all the study subgroups but the drop per year of duration
      of employment was more severe in the earlier years of employment. This study has
      underscored the need for occupational health regulations in the industries of
      developing countries.

PMID- 6832106
TI  - Effects of zinc on cadmium-induced alterations in hepatic functions and blood
      glucose of rats.
AB  - The role of zinc (Zn) in preventing cadmium (Cd)-induced alterations of liver
      function and carbohydrate metabolism was studied in female rats. The animals were
      divided into four groups. To the diet for Group I was added 200 micrograms Cd/g
      of diet, to that for Group II was added 200 micrograms Zn/g of diet, and to that
      for Group III were added 200 micrograms Cd/g and 200 micrograms Zn/g of diet.
      Group IV was the control group fed normal diet. At the 11th, 26th, and 40th week
      of exposure, one-third of each group of animals were sacrificed and serum GPT and
      ALP activities, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. At the 26th and
      40th week, serum GPT activity of Group I was significantly higher compared with
      those of Groups III and IV, and the serum glucose value of Group I was lower than
      that of Group III. At the 40th week, the serum insulin value of Group I was
      significantly higher than that of Group III. From these results, it is suggested
      that orally administered Zn prevents Cd-induced alterations of liver functions
      and the regulation of blood glucose in rats.

PMID- 6832107
TI  - Daily patterns of asthma in New York City and New Orleans: an epidemiologic
      investigation.
AB  - Examination of records of daily visits to emergency rooms for asthma covering 25
      years from New Orleans and 9 years from New York City reveals a distinct day-of
      the-week pattern in New York City whereas no such pattern is discernible in New
      Orleans. The difference in daily patterns of asthma attacks in the populations
      from the two cities strongly suggests a different environmental etiologic agent
      acting on these two populations. It is proposed herein that in New York
      susceptible individuals are exposed to some agents or factors triggering attacks
      which are present in the home environment where most of their time is spent on
      weekends, while in New Orleans, homes are not as sealed off from the outside air,
      because of the warmer climate, so that the agent triggering attacks is as common
      outdoors as indoors, and thus there is little difference between weekend and
      weekday exposure.

PMID- 6832108
TI  - Lead and cadmium levels in blood samples from the general population of Sweden.
AB  - Lead and cadmium was determined in whole blood samples obtained from 473
      nonoccupationally exposed adult persons in Sweden in 1980. Analyses were
      performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry equipped with an
      electrothermal atomization unit. Accuracy of the analysis was confirmed by the
      analysis of quality control samples. Blood lead concentrations were shown to be
      significantly influenced by sex, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. Current
      male smokers had a median blood lead level of 92 micrograms Pb/liter, as compared
      to 77 micrograms Pb/liter for nonsmokers. For females the corresponding values
      were 69 micrograms Pb/liter and 57 micrograms Pb/liter for current smokers and
      nonsmokers, respectively. Highly significant correlations were found between
      stated alcohol consumption and blood lead in most of the different sex and
      smoking categories. People living in apartments close to streets with heavy
      traffic in Stockholm had slightly, but not significantly, higher blood lead
      levels when compared to people living in areas of this city with low traffic
      density. Blood cadmium levels were very strongly affected by smoking habits. A
      significant correlation existed between the number of cigarettes consumed daily
      and blood cadmium concentration. The median blood cadmium level for nonsmoking
      males was 0.2 micrograms Cd/liter (less than or equal to 0.2, detection limit)
      and for females 0.3 micrograms Cd/liter. About 90% of all nonsmokers had cadmium
      concentrations in blood below 0.6 micrograms Cd/liter, whereas about 90% of the
      current male and female smokers had cadmium concentrations in blood of 0.6
      micrograms Cd/liter or more.

PMID- 6832109
TI  - Root growth of two grass species on iron ore tailings at elevated levels of
      manganese, iron, and copper.
AB  - The iron ore tailings located on the coastal area of Tolo Harbour impose severe
      pollution problems to the environment. Two grass species, Paspalum distichum and
      Sporobolus virginicus, were found extensively on the excavated tailings, with the
      former found in waterlogged areas and the latter in dry areas. These plants may
      have a potential use in reclaiming the tailings. The present experiment is aimed
      at studying the reclamation ability of the two local species. Samples of the
      grass species collected from the tailings were cultured in a series of
      concentrations of manganese, iron, and copper, separately. Heavy metal tolerance
      was found to be species specific. S. virginicus collected from the tailings had
      the higher index of tolerance (0.9) and ED50 (0.85 ppm) to copper whereas P.
      distichum had the higher index of tolerance and ED50 to manganese (0.98 and 9.2
      ppm, respectively) and iron (0.66 and 41 ppm, respectively). Plants of the two
      species collected from uncontaminated sites showed low index of tolerance and
      ED50 values for all three metals.

PMID- 6832110
TI  - Time-lapse cinematographic analysis of beryllium--lung fibroblast interactions.
AB  - The proliferative response to beryllium chloride of cells in a population of
      human lung fibroblasts was quantitatively assessed using time-lapse
      cinematography. A dose of 0.02 microgram Be/ml, known to decrease the growth rate
      of fibroblasts, affects an estimated 75% of the cells in the population,
      increasing their interdivision time (IDT) by approximately 5 hr. The differences
      in mean 1n(IDT) between treated and control cells were essentially constant for
      comparable culture sizes ranging from 25 to 250 cells. There was no correlation
      between mother and daughter cell IDTs in control or treated culture at any
      culture size. IDTs of sister pairs were highly correlated in control cultures at
      selected culture sizes while sister pair IDTs of treated cultures were not. The
      data suggest that while beryllium alters the IDT of fibroblasts, an effect not
      related to culture size, any given cell affected by beryllium does not impart
      effects of the mineral to its progeny.

PMID- 6832111
TI  - Cadmium distribution within corn plants as a function of cadmium loading of the
      soil.
AB  - Corn is a widespread crop in some industrialized areas of Northern Italy and
      Europe where it serves for both animal and human nutrition. In the present paper
      we examined the distribution of Cd within corn plants grown under both hydroponic
      and field conditions. The results obtained show that Cd accumulation by different
      plant tissues may reach saturation without signs of phytotoxicity. Thus cadmium
      pollution can go undetected even when corn plants are grown in the presence of a
      consistent amount of Cd. Its accumulation within plant tissues is responsible for
      the entry of the metal into the food chain. Implications for human and animal
      nutrition are discussed.

PMID- 6832112
TI  - Corn oil-induced changes in the dorsal root ganglia of rats.
AB  - The effects of corn oil on rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were examined by both
      light and electron microscopy. Rats were fed corn oil via intubation 5 days per
      week for 7 weeks. No apparent morphological lesion was observed in the DRG by
      means of light microscopic examination. However, various cytological changes were
      revealed by electron microscopy. The most prominent change was the extensive and
      severe edematous condition in the interstitial space. After 7 weeks of treatment,
      the interstitial space between neurons and nerve fibers was distended by
      proteinaceous edematous fluid and collagen fibers. Distention of the
      intercellular space between the ganglion neurons and their surrounding satellite
      cell sheaths also occurred. Proliferation of the supporting cells, especially the
      satellite cells and Schwann cells, producing long and complex networks of
      cellular processes in the distended interstitial space was also evident. It is
      believed that chronic ingestion of corn oil by rats has an adverse effect on the
      endothelial system leading to an increased fluid permeability and edematous
      condition.

PMID- 6832114
TI  - In vitro methemoglobin formation in human blood exposed to NO2.
AB  - The in vitro formation of methemoglobin in human blood was determined for various
      NO2 concentrations and exposure times. Blood was exposed either to measured
      amounts of NO2 in air or to a continuous flow of known concentrations of NO2 in
      air. CO2 was added to the gas phase to maintain pH and PCO2 in a normal range.
      Exposure to 45 ppm NO2 oxidized 95% of the total hemoglobin (THb) in 5 hr. Six
      ppm NO2 oxidized 17% of THb in 3 hr. Differences between in vitro and in vivo NO2
      results are discussed.

PMID- 6832113
TI  - The effect of prenatal methylmercury administration on postnatal renal functional
      development.
AB  - In utero exposure of rats to methylmercury has been reported to produce
      degenerative and hyperplastic changes in renal proximal and distal tubules,
      although no assessment of postnatal renal functional capacity was made. CH3HgCl
      was administered ip to Sprague-Dawley rats on Day 8 of gestation at 4 or 6 mg
      Hg/kg or on Days 8, 10, and 12 at 4 mg Hg/kg (3 x 4 mg Hg/kg). These doses
      produced no overt toxicological effects nor had any effect on litter size, body
      weight, or kidney weight to body weight ratios. The concentration of mercury in
      kidneys, liver, and brain at 1 and 7 days postpartum was dose-related but was not
      detectable at 42 days. In vitro renal function was assessed in renal cortical
      slices from rats at 1, 7, and 42 days postpartum by determining the ability to
      accumulate organic ions and to generate glucose. Additionally, parameters of in
      vivo renal function were determined in normopenic, hydropenic (5 pressor units/kg
      ADH, sc, 18 hr water deprived), and in volume-loaded male rats at 42 days
      postpartum. At 42 days postpartum in the 3 x 4 mg Hg/kg treatment group, p
      aminohippurate accumulation was depressed slightly as was the ability to
      eliminate Na+ and water in volume-loaded rats. These data suggest that postnatal
      renal physiological sequelae to prenatal administration of methylmercury may be
      less than predicted from histological studies.

PMID- 6832115
TI  - Assessment of exposure to lead and cadmium through biological monitoring: results
      of a UNEP/WHO global study.
AB  - This paper describes a UNEP/WHO project on the assessment of human exposure to
      lead and cadmium through analysis of blood and kidneys. The following countries
      have participated: Belgium, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, People's Republic of
      China, Peru, Sweden, United States, and Yugoslavia. No laboratory started the
      monitoring before achieving satisfactory results of quality control (QC) analysis
      (samples of cow blood spiked with lead and cadmium and freeze-dried horse kidney
      cortex for cadmium analysis) according to predetermined criteria based on a
      linear regression model. Two hundred teachers from one urban area in each country
      constituted the target group for lead and cadmium in blood and cases of "sudden,
      unexpected death" for cadmium in kidney cortex. QC samples were analyzed in
      parallel with the monitoring samples to assure validity of the obtained results.
      The quality assurance program also included preanalytical quality control. There
      was considerable variation in metal exposure between areas. Geometric means for
      lead in blood ranged from about 60 micrograms Pb/liter in Beijing and Tokyo to
      225 in Mexico City. The values were below 100 micrograms Pb/liter also in
      Baltimore, Jerusalem, Lima, Stockholm, and Zagreb, and between 100 and 200
      micrograms Pb/liter in Brussels and India. In general, males had higher blood
      levels than females and smokers higher than nonsmokers. With a few exceptions the
      values were lower than results reported in a recent study within the European
      Communities. Geometric means for cadmium in blood ranged from 0.5 microgram
      Cd/liter in Stockholm and Jerusalem to 1.2 in Brussels and Tokyo. Cadmium levels
      were considerably higher among smokers than among nonsmokers. Tokyo had the
      highest values for cadmium in kidney cortex with a geometric mean in the age
      group 40-60 years of 60-70 mg Cd/kg wet wt. Lowest values were found in
      Baltimore, Beijing, India, and Jerusalem, with means around 20-25 mg Cd/kg wet
      wt. There was a tendency toward higher values for smokers than for nonsmokers,
      but no differences related to sex. Data were not received from Mexico and Peru.

PMID- 6832116
TI  - Asbestos bodies in a bile duct cancer after occupational exposure.
AB  - A case of asbestosis after 5 years of occupational asbestos exposure is
      presented. At the postmortem examination, cholelithiasis and a cancer developing
      from the cystic duct were found and identified histologically as a squamous cell
      carcinoma. After digesting the tumor tissue, short asbestos bodies and fragments
      could be identified having a similar shape as those observed in the lung. The
      possible role of asbestos in the carcinogenesis of the observed bile duct cancer
      is proposed. The digestive examination of all malignant tumors of any origin
      after an asbestos exposure is suggested for the identification of the possible
      presence of ingested asbestos fibers, and to obtain further comprehensive human
      pathological data.

PMID- 6832117
TI  - Mercury content of commercially important fish of the Seychelles, and hair
      mercury levels of a selected part of the population.
AB  - Mercury and methyl mercury concentrations were determined in the muscle of 12 of
      the most important commercial fish species found in Seychelles waters. The
      concentration of mercury in a few of the larger specimens of Kingfish
      (Acanthocybium solandri), Becune (Sphyraena forsteri), Carangue balo (Caranx
      gymnostethus), and Bonito (Euthynnus affinis) exceeded the provisional maximum
      permissible level of 1.0 mg/kg of total mercury established by the Food and Drug
      Administration (1979) in the United States. More than half of the Dogtooth tuna
      (Gymnosarda unicolor) examined exceeded this level with two fish having levels of
      3.3 and 4.4 ppm. The hair mercury levels of fishermen and mothers and their
      newborn babies have been examined since the Seychelles population has one of the
      highest fish consumption figures in the world (80-100 kg per person per annum),
      much of it being predatory species.

PMID- 6832118
TI  - Pulmonary NO2 toxicity in neonate and adult guinea pigs and rats.
AB  - The pulmonary effects of NO2 were investigated in two animal species. Rats and
      guinea pigs aged from 5 to 60 days or more were exposed for 3 days either to 2
      ppm or to 10 ppm NO2. Lung histology or superoxide dismutase (SOD) determination
      in alveolar macrophages was assessed in air and NO2-exposed animals. Results
      demonstrated that the lung histological alterations are different for both NO2
      exposed species. Rats were more tolerant than guinea pigs, but rat and guinea pig
      newborns were less affected than adults. The enzyme response to NO2 exposure was
      similar in both species and a decrease in SOD activity was noted in animals of
      all ages. These observations support the conclusion that NO2 exposure leads to
      increased lung damage during the life span, but on the contrary, exposure to
      oxygen does not involve SOD induction. This suggests that the defense mechanisms
      against NO2 are different from those of O2.

PMID- 6832120
TI  - Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash: hemolytic activity.
AB  - Volcanic ash samples from four Mount St. Helens' volcanic eruptions were
      subjected to mineralogical, analytical, and hemolytic studies in order to
      evaluate their potential for cytotoxicity and fibrogenicity. Plagioclase minerals
      constituted the major component of the ash with free crystalline silica
      concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 7.2%. The in vitro hemolytic activity of the
      volcanic ash was compared to similar concentrations of cytotoxic and inert
      minerals. The ash was markedly hemolytic, exhibiting an activity similar to
      chrysotile asbestos, a known fibrogenic agent. The hemolysis of the different ash
      samples varied with particle size but not with crystalline silica concentration.
      The results of these studies taken in conjunction with the results of our animal
      studies indicate a fibrogenic potential of volcanic ash in heavily exposed
      humans.

PMID- 6832119
TI  - Respiratory effects of 0.75 ppm sulfur dioxide in exercising asthmatics:
      influence of upper-respiratory defenses.
AB  - To determine the influence of mouthpiece breathing on respiratory responses to
      sulfur dioxide (SO2), 23 young adult asthmatic volunteers were exposed in a
      chamber to 0.75 ppm SO2 during heavy exercise, once with breathing unencumbered
      and once while they wore noseclips and mouthpieces. These conditions (more severe
      than in typical ambient exposures) were deliberately chosen to produce
      significant physiological and clinical responses. Similar exposures to clean air
      served as controls. Exposure studies were separated by 1-week intervals and order
      was randomized. The protocol consisted of 10 min on a bicycle ergometer (mean
      load 650 kg-m/min, mean ventilation 40 liter/min), preceded and followed by
      response testing (body plethysmography, symptom questionnaires, and forced
      expiratory function tests; the last were performed only postexposure). During
      clean-air exposures, specific airway resistance (SRaw) and symptoms increased
      significantly, but no meaningful differences between mouthpiece breathing and
      unencumbered breathing were observed. Exposures to SO2 under these relatively
      severe conditions produced greater increases in SRaw than clean-air exposures
      regardless of the mode of breathing, but the excess increase was significantly
      greater with mouthpiece than with unencumbered breathing. Symptom changes and
      postexposure forced expiratory function showed qualitatively the same pattern of
      decrements with SO2 ad did SRaw, but the excess responses attributable to
      mouthpiece breathing did not attain statistical significance. Mouthpiece
      breathing can compromise upper-respiratory defenses against SO2 to the extent
      that responses are greater than with more natural breathing. The mode of
      breathing should be taken in account when applying laboratory human exposure data
      to air-quality risk assessment.

PMID- 6832122
TI  - FLIT-MLO and No. 2 fuel oil: effects of aerosol applications to mallard eggs on
      hatchability and behavior of ducklings.
AB  - FLIT-MLO and No. 2 fuel oil are sprayed on wetlands for mosquito control during
      spring and summer. In one experiment to assess the effects of the spraying on
      birds, mallard eggs were sprayed with amounts of No. 2 fuel oil equivalent to
      2.34, 4.67, or 18.70 liters/ha or FLIT-MLO equivalent to 9.35, 46.75, or 140.25
      liters/ha on Day 6 of incubation. In a second experiment, mallard eggs were
      sprayed with 9.35, 46.75, or 140.25 liters/ha of FLIT-MLO on Days 3, 6, 12, or 18
      of incubation. Hatchability of eggs sprayed with the highest treatment level of
      each substance was significantly lower than that of controls for the first
      experiment. Hatchability of eggs sprayed with FLIT-MLO in the second experiment
      was never significantly lower than that of controls. Ducklings from the first
      experiment, 36-48 hr old, were cold stressed for 1 hr at 8 degrees C and then
      immediately tested for their ability to respond to a fright stimulus. Ducklings
      from the group of eggs sprayed with 140.25 liters/ha of FLIT-MLO ran a
      significantly shorter distance from the fright stimulus than did controls. The
      effects of the heaviest exposure to FLIT-MLO (140.25 liters/ha) on egg
      hatchability and behavior of newly hatched young are uncertain because of the
      contradictory results for hatching success in the two experiments. However,
      normal applications of FLIT-MLO (9.35-46.75 liters/ha) or No. 2 fuel oil (2.34
      4.67 liters/ha) do not appear to pose a threat to the embryos of breeding birds.

PMID- 6832121
TI  - Effects of dietary mercury level and cadmium on rat tissue metallothionein:
      mercury binding and influences on zinc.
AB  - Feeding low levels of mercury in diets for rats resulted in its deposition with
      metallothionein (MT) in the kidney, but not in the liver. The addition of high
      levels of mercury to diets for rats caused the accumulation of mercury in kidney
      MT and to a much lesser extent in this low-molecular-weight protein in the liver.
      The accumulation of mercury in MT also caused zinc to accumulate in it. Treatment
      of rats with cadmium caused dietary mercury to accumulate in MT in the liver.
      Feeding stable mercury in the diet caused an increased uptake of labeled mercury
      in rat kidney MT, but in contrast, caused a decreased content in the liver MT.
      The mercury proteins from liver and kidney were purified and the amino acid
      analyses indicated that they are MT. Thus, MT binds low levels of mercury likely
      to be found in the environment in the kidney but not in the liver.

PMID- 6832123
TI  - Malathion induced hematological and biochemical changes in the Indian catfish
      Heteropneustes fossilis.
AB  - The acute toxicity and effects of duration of sublethal exposure to malathion
      were determined in the Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossils). Fish exposed to
      the pesticide for 2, 6, 12, 48, and 96 hr showed muscle glycogenolysis with
      concomitant hyperglycemia at all intervals; hepatic glycogen was unaffected.
      Malathion was also associated with hypochloremia at 2 and 6 hr and hyperchloremia
      at 48 and 96 hr; blood chloride concentration was unaffected at 12 hr. Fish
      developed erythropenia and leukopenia; lowered hematocrit and hemoglobin content
      and hypercoagulability of blood were also observed. The data show that
      homeostatic and hemostatic mechanisms are disturbed after malathion treatment and
      could be helpful for evaluating pesticide toxicosis in fish.

PMID- 6832124
TI  - Neuropathology of trimethyltin intoxication. III. Changes in the brain stem
      neurons.
AB  - Young adult BALB/c mice were administered trimethyltin chloride (TMT) at a dosage
      of 3.0 mg TMT/kg body wt. Animals displayed severe toxic signs (tremor and
      aggression) within 24 hr and were sacrificed at 48 and 72 hr postinjection. The
      brain stems of these animals were examined with light and electron microscopy.
      Degenerative and vacuolar changes were observed in many large brain stem neurons,
      especially those in the mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei. These neurons acquired a
      chromatolytic character with eccentric nuclei, loss of Nissl substance, and
      hyalinoid cytoplasm. Extensive vacuolation was also found in these nerve cells.
      Electron microscopy examination revealed progressive loss of the Nissl substance
      (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and distention of the cytoplasmic membranes
      (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex). Severe distention of these membranes
      resulted in large membrane-limited vacuoles within these nerve cells. This
      intraneuronal vacuolation reflects an intracellular edema condition of these
      nerve cells and is potentially reversible. Mitochondrial damage in these neurons
      was only moderate. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the full toxic
      impact and pathogenetic mechanisms of TMT in the nervous system.

PMID- 6832125
TI  - Tolerance to sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma.
AB  - A study to determine whether the bronchoconstriction induced by low concentration
      of sulfur dioxide in subjects with asthma decreases with repeated exposure was
      undertaken. Eight subjects with asthma performed 3 min of voluntary eucapnic
      hyperpnea with 0.5 ppm of SO2 in humidified filtered air three times at 30-min
      intervals and we measured specific airway resistance (SRaw) before and after each
      period of hyperpnea. Specific airway resistance increased significantly more
      after the first exposure to SO2 [(from 7.6 +/- 1.7 to 15.5 +/- 2.0 L x cm
      H2O/liter/sec (mean +/- SEM)] than after the second (from 8.1 +/- 1.3 to 10.8 +/-
      1.6) or third (from 7.6 +/- 1.6 to 10.1 +/- 1.9) exposures (P less than 0.025).
      When seven subjects repeated hyperpnea with SO2 24 hr and 7 days later, SRaw
      increased as much as it had after the first exposure (from 8.2 +/- 2.5 to 15.5 +/
      4.5 at 24 hr and from 6.6 +/- 1.4 to 15.4 +/- 2.1 at 7 days). In four subjects
      repeated exposure to SO2 caused short-term inhibition of the bronchomotor
      response to SO2 but did not inhibit the bronchomotor response to histamine
      aerosol. It was concluded that repeated exposures to a low concentration of SO2
      over a short period (on 1 day) can induce tolerance to the bronchomotor effects
      of SO2 in subjects with asthma. Tolerance to the bronchomotor effects of SO2 is
      not caused by decreased responsiveness of airway smooth muscle or a generalized
      decrease in the responsiveness of vagal reflex pathways since the bronchomotor
      response to histamine is preserved.

PMID- 6832127
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of uranium compounds.
AB  - Percutaneous absorption of soluble and insoluble uranium compounds has been
      induced in order to obtain information on penetration routes and the tissue
      injury produced by uranium salts. The high electron density of uranium provided a
      reliable way to visualize, by electron microscopy, the precise localization of
      the heavy compounds within the tissues. Few minutes after topical application of
      uranyl nitrate, dense deposits of uranium were observed at the epidermal barrier
      level. A few hours later, dense deposits were seen filling the intercellular
      spaces and were also scattered in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mortality and body
      weight measurements indicated the high toxicity of uranyl nitrate and ammonium
      uranyl tricarbonate; uranyl acetate and ammonium diuranate were less toxic. As no
      penetration was achieved after uranium dioxide, no variations were detected on
      these parameters.

PMID- 6832126
TI  - Retinal degeneration in rats exposed to an organophosphate pesticide (fenthion).
AB  - Pigmented (Long-Evans) and albino (Wistar) rats were chronically exposed to an
      organophosphate pesticide (fenthion). Fenthion (50 mg/kg) was administered
      subcutaneously twice a week for 1 year; the total dosage for each animal ranged
      from 1.6 to 1.8 g. Concurrent with the fenthion administration, the amplitude of
      the scotopic electroetinogram (ERG) gradually declined, disappearing by the 12th
      month in all treated pigmented rats. For the albino experimental rats, however,
      the ERG amplitude disappeared as early as the 6th month in 7 out of 15 treated
      animals. Funduscopically, degeneration of the retina was observed in all rats
      when ERG responses had disappeared. Histopathological studies confirmed
      degeneration of the sensory retina and marked abnormalities in the pigment
      epithelium cells. Treated pigmented rats also had reduced a rhodopsin
      concentration in the retina by the 3rd month even though the photoreceptors were
      structurally normal. Interestingly, the plasma vitamin A levels remained normal
      and liver stores of vitamin A actually increased during the course of the study.
      Levels of butylcholinesterase in plasma and liver, on the other hand, were
      extremely reduced after 3 months of fenthion treatment. In general, the
      biochemical and functional (ERG) changes appeared before any structural damage
      could be detected in the retina.

PMID- 6832128
TI  - The effect of sensory irritants on phagocytosis by pulmonary macrophages.
AB  - The phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermis by rabbit alveolar macrophages was
      measured in the absence or presence of a series of sensory irritants. The
      phagocytic index was determined in the presence of the sensory irritant
      dibenzoxazepine and 10 of its derivatives. All of the compounds tested inhibited
      phagocytosis to some extent. Dibenzoxazepine was the most potent inhibitor and
      the 1-chloro and 2-chloro derivatives were the least potent. With all the
      compounds tested, the inhibition of phagocytosis was dose dependent. The degree
      of inhibition of phagocytosis was not correlated with either the nature or the
      position of the substituent groups on the dibenzoxazepine molecule. There was no
      discernible relationship between the inhibition of phagocytosis and the irritancy
      of the compounds tested.

PMID- 6832133
TI  - Human factors contributing to slips, trips and falls.

PMID- 6832131
TI  - Accident data in the new Swedish information system on occupational injuries.

PMID- 6832130
TI  - Deaths and injuries caused by slipping, tripping and falling.

PMID- 6832132
TI  - From accident report to design problems--a study of accidents on board ship.

PMID- 6832129
TI  - On accident analysis and slip-resistance measurement.

PMID- 6832134
TI  - Slipping due to manual exertion.

PMID- 6832136
TI  - Sequence analysis of the cloned mRNA coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase from chicken heart muscle.
AB  - Using a cloned cDNA (pGAP30) the nucleotide sequence for chicken glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA has been determined. The cDNA insert contains 1051
      nucleotides representing the amino acid coding sequence, with the exception of 49
      NH2-terminal amino acids, and includes the entire 3'-noncoding region. Sequence
      information on the missing 5' terminus of the mRNA, not represented in the clone
      pGAP30, was obtained by extension of the cDNA using an 85-nucleotide-long
      internal fragment as a primer. Thus the sequence of 310 amino acids of chicken
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase representing 93% of the complete primary
      structure could be derived. The coding portion exhibits non-random utilization of
      synonymous codons with a strong bias for codons with G or C at the third
      position. The non-coding region contains several octanucleotides which are
      repeated and shows a potentially stable stem-and-loop structure located towards
      the end of the mRNA. Hypothetical functional implications of the putative
      secondary structure are discussed.

PMID- 6832138
TI  - Effects of substrates on the heat stability and on the reactivities of thiol
      groups of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase.
AB  - Pig muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase contains seven cysteine residues/molecule
      enzyme. Two of them react with Ellman's reagent (Nbs2) in a second-order reaction
      [k = (1.1 +/- 0.1) X 10(3) M-1 s-1]; the reaction of the other five thiols are
      limited by a first-order protein structural change [k = (2.0 +/- 0.4) X 10(-4) s
      1] in 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.5 at 20 degrees C. Blocking the rapidly
      reacting thiols with Nbs2 inactivated the enzyme (these two -SH groups are not
      equivalent in this respect), but it does not abolish substrate-binding ability.
      The rapidly reacting thiol groups readily participate in intermolecular disulfide
      formation following their partial blocking with Nbs2. This type of aggregation of
      3-phosphoglycerate kinase molecules also leads to inactivation. The order of
      effectivity of substrates in inhibiting the reaction of the slowly reacting
      thiols is very similar to the order of their protective effect against heat
      inactivation. Both phenomena presumably reflect the structure-stabilizing effect
      of substrates.

PMID- 6832135
TI  - Galactose-specific endocytosis in rat liver. Biochemical and morphological
      characterization of a low-density compartment isolated from hepatocytes.

PMID- 6832137
TI  - Structural homology of lens crystallins. A method to detect protein structural
      homology from primary sequences.
AB  - The X-ray crystallographic structure of bovine gamma-crystallin shows four
      similar folding motifs each composed of about 42 residues arranged as four
      topologically sequential, anti-parallel beta-strands. Since the beta and gamma
      crystallin sequences show good homology, proposals for a four-motif beta
      crystallin model have been made. The other bovine eye-lens protein species, alpha
      crystallins, are not homologous to beta or gamma-crystallin in primary structure.
      In the present work, smoothed plots of amino acid sequence number versus a
      residue characteristic (e.g. hydrophobicity) were calculated for the various
      crystallins. Cross-correlation coefficients were then determined between pairs of
      crystallin plots for various registers of the curves. The correlation plots were
      then combined for several characteristics and for pairwise comparisons between
      beta or gamma-crystallin and the alpha-crystallins. The resulting plots showed
      four peaks separated by about 42 residues for the alpha-crystallins, suggesting
      that they also possess a four-motif beta-barrel structure. The physical parameter
      comparison technique appears generally applicable in suggesting a structural and
      functional relationship amongst proteins that show no primary sequence homology.

PMID- 6832139
TI  - Seven mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases associated within the same complex are
      functionally independent.
AB  - A heterotypic multienzyme complex from sheep liver containing seven aminoacyl
      tRNA synthetases specific for isoleucine, leucine, methionine, glutamine,
      glutamic acid, lysine and arginine was subjected to kinetic analyses to examine
      the possibility that association of these enzymes may impart kinetic properties
      which differ from those of their unassociated counterparts. The evidence obtained
      by two different approaches leads to the conclusion that the associated enzymes
      are functionally independent. Firstly, the kinetic constants of the methionyl
      tRNA and lysyl-tRNA synthetase components of the complex do not differ
      significantly from those of their unassociated counterparts obtained after
      controlled proteolysis of the complex. Secondly, the methionyl-tRNA synthetase
      component of the complex displays identical kinetic constants, whether assayed in
      the presence of [14C]methionine, ATP and highly enriched tRNAMet alone, or in the
      additional presence of the substrates required for unlabeled aminoacyl-tRNA
      formation by each of the other six enzymes. Similarly, the initial rates of
      [14C]aminoacyl-tRNA formation catalyzed by any of the six other enzymes was
      unaffected by the concomitant functioning of the other aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases. The sedimentation behaviour of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
      components of the complex under conditions prevailing in the tRNA aminoacylation
      assay indicates that they remain associated under these conditions. The
      implications of these findings on the structural organization of the enzymes
      within the complex are discussed.

PMID- 6832145
TI  - IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). Symbols for
      specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains. Recommendations 1981.

PMID- 6832140
TI  - Polymorphism in high-affinity calcium-binding proteins from crustacean
      sarcoplasm.
AB  - The sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins (SCP) from crayfish, lobster and shrimp
      myogen have been purified to homogeneity. These proteins exist as dimers and
      dissociate in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate or urea in subunits of 22000
      molecular weight. During the last step of purification (DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography), SCP emerges in three peaks in the ratio of 14:1.5:1 for
      crayfish, of 7:2:1 for lobster and of 3:2:1 for shrimp. Gel electrophoresis and
      isoelectrofocusing experiments, under native and denaturing conditions, indicate
      that among the three SCP isotypes there are only two different polypeptide
      chains, alpha and beta, which appear in the form of three dimers: alpha 2, alpha
      beta and beta 2. The alpha and beta subunits differ slightly in polypeptide chain
      composition as found by amino acid analyses of the crayfish and lobster SCPs, and
      also by comparison of tryptic peptides for crayfish SCPs. The polymorphism
      observed in crustacean SCPs, which is increased by their ability to form dimers,
      contrasts with the situation prevailing among other invertebrate SCPs and
      vertebrate parvalbumins where only monomeric isotypes are found. Equilibrium
      binding studies show that all three SCP isotypes from both crayfish and lobster
      display the same metal-binding properties. They have in their dimeric form six
      Ca2+-binding sites: two calcium-specific sites, two Ca/Mg sites that interact
      with positive cooperativity and two Ca/Mg sites that interact with negative
      cooperativity. Interactions between the two subunits of SCP seem to result in
      cooperative binding of Ca2+, which in turn may control more efficiently Ca2+
      fluxes in crustacean muscle.

PMID- 6832144
TI  - Alterations in tubulin immunoreactivity; relation to secondary structure.

PMID- 6832141
TI  - The calorigenic nature of hepatic ketogenesis: an explanation for the stimulation
      of respiration induced by fatty acid substrates.

PMID- 6832142
TI  - Compartmentation of fatty acid oxidation in liver cells.

PMID- 6832143
TI  - Activity patterns of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNA methylases,
      arginyltransferase and tubulin: tyrosine ligase during development and ageing of
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - As a step in the characterization of development and ageing in the nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans, the activities of different groups of enzymes that
      supposedly exert modulating functions in and after protein synthesis have been
      determined. From embryonic (E), the four juvenile larval stages (L1-L4) and the
      gravid adult (A,A+), the selection of defined developmental stages extends to two
      different preparations of aged nematodes (S10, S12). Some aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetase activities remain nearly unchanged in all stages up to the adult, some
      increase continuously during the larval stages and the remaining activities show
      stage-specific alterations. Upon ageing all activities except the one for
      tryptophan decrease sharply, tRNA methylase activities increase from E to L4,
      decrease from L4 to adult and to aged nematodes with only qualitative alterations
      in substrate specificity. The activity of tubulin: tyrosine ligase exhibits a
      parallel pattern, while arginyltransferase activity has a plateau between L2 and
      L4. The results are consistent with the idea of a modulation of protein synthesis
      and other cellular processes by quantitative activity changes during development
      and ageing.

PMID- 6832147
TI  - IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). Abbreviations and
      symbols for the description of conformations of polynucleotide chains.
      Recommendations 1982.

PMID- 6832146
TI  - Interaction of ADP and magnesium with the active site of myosin subfragment-1
      observed by reactivity changes of the critical thiols and by direct binding
      methods at low and high ionic strength.
AB  - Comprehensive binding studies using direct and indirect methods yield
      stoichiometry and affinities for the binding of Mg X ADP and uncomplexed ADP to
      the active site of myosin subfragment-1. Additionally, the binding parameters for
      Mg2+ in the ternary complex protein X Mg X ADP are presented for the first time.
      The indirect method makes use of reactivity changes of the critical thiol-1 and
      thiol-2 groups, which occur upon the binding of the ligand at the active site.
      The affinity constants derived by this method are corroborated by two independent
      direct methods, equilibrium dialysis and centrifugation transport. For Mg2+, ADP
      and Mg X ADP just one mole of ligand binds/mole subfragment-1. The affinity of Mg
      X ADP at low ionic strength is 2.1 X 10(6) M-1 and only five-times lower in the
      absence of Mg2+. In the ternary complex Mg2+ has a low affinity of 4.1 X 10(4) M
      1. At high ionic strength the uncomplexed ADP binds with a 43-times-lower
      affinity than Mg X ADP, whose affinity is 6.9 X 10(5) M-1. In this case Mg2+
      interacts in the ternary complex with the higher affinity of 3.2 X 10(5) M-1,
      implying that at high salt concentration it plays a more prominent role in
      anchoring ADP at the active site.

PMID- 6832148
TI  - Differentiation-dependent changes of nicotinic synapse-associated proteins.
AB  - Developmentally regulated changes were followed by analyzing the protein
      composition in vivo of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. A 45 000-Mr
      component, most likely a form of actin, is found to decrease during
      synaptogenesis, whereas a 43 000-Mr component increases significantly at later
      embryonic stages, to become the most abundant protein of electric organ. The 43
      000-Mr polypeptides are heterogeneous in their solubilization properties and
      isoelectric points. Translation in vitro of mRNA isolated from embryonic electric
      organ shows that the appearance of these proteins during development is regulated
      by the amount of translatable mRNA available. The close correlation between the
      translatable amounts of mRNA in vitro and the protein synthesis observed in vivo
      during synaptogenesis suggests that the functional maturation of the electric
      organ is linked to the appearance of 43 000-Mr polypeptides.

PMID- 6832149
TI  - On the mechanisms of ATP-induced and succinate-induced redistribution of cations
      in isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - 1. The ability of external ATP to induce calcium uptake in isolated rat liver
      cells was further characterized. Stimulation of calcium uptake was specific for
      ATP, other nucleotides or ATP metabolites had no comparable effect. ATP was
      dephosphorylated while stimulating calcium uptake, but there was no stoichiometry
      between ATP hydrolysis and calcium uptake nor did dephosphorylation depend on
      calcium concentration. ATP acted from outside and was dephosphorylated by an ecto
      ATPase of the cells. 2. In addition to its direct action, ATP enhanced succinate
      dependent calcium uptake in a cooperative fashion. This is best explained by
      different sites of action. ATP increases cell membrane permeability while
      succinate stimulates uptake into mitochondria. 3. ATP was able to lower Na+ and
      K+ gradients and the pH gradient between cells and incubation medium. Increasing
      calcium concentration counteracted this effect though calcium uptake was then
      stimulated. 4. Succinate alone did not affect monovalent cation gradients but
      raised the pH gradient. It partially counteracted the ATP effects on these
      gradients. 5. Since catecholamine-like actions of ATP may be mediated by an
      increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, the action of extracellular ATP
      can be taken as a model to study the role of calcium as a transmitter of hormone
      actions. From interdependence between ATP-stimulated and succinate-stimulated
      calcium uptake, conclusions can be drawn on the resulting cytoplasmic calcium
      concentration and its effect on plasma membrane permeability.

PMID- 6832150
TI  - A poly(U)-binding factor stimulating EF-1 activity in the wheat-germ soluble
      fraction.
AB  - A poly(U)-binding activity is present in the high-speed supernatant fraction of
      embryo homogenates from wheat seeds. The factor responsible for such activity was
      found to have a stimulatory effect on the elongation factor 1 (EF-1). It
      copurifies with EF-1L, the lighter form of EF-1, through Sephadex G-200, DEAE
      cellulose, hydroxyapatite and poly(U)-Sepharose 4B column chromatography. The two
      factors could be separated only through a heating step which destroyed EF-1
      activity whilst leaving most of the poly(U)-binding activity unaltered.

PMID- 6832151
TI  - Biosynthesis of rabbit serum albumin in a heterologous fractionated subcellular
      system.
AB  - As demonstrated by a simple procedure based on indirect immunoprecipitation,
      proteins retained on heparin-Sepharose 4B from postmitochondrial supernatants of
      rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma catalyse the translation of rabbit serum albumin
      mRNA in the presence of ribosomal subunits from rat liver, Zajdela hepatoma or
      rabbit reticulocytes. The albumin synthesis shows an optimum at 1.5 mM MgCl2 and
      25 mM KCl and requires ATP and GTP. It is significantly stimulated by tRNA and
      proceeds for more than 2 h, suggesting a high rate of reinitiation. At the
      optimum ribosomes:mRNA ratio of 13:1, the immunoprecipitable radioactivity
      exceeds 15-20-times the blank values. Fluorography of polyacrylamide slabs after
      electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates revealed the presence of only complete full
      size serum albumin without any smaller peptides resulting from premature
      terminations of polypeptide chains, demonstrating faithful translation. In
      stained gels only, both heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin G were found,
      indicating that the assay procedure is highly specific and reliable. The
      fractionated heterologous protein-synthesizing system described in this paper may
      be generally useful for studies on the synthesis of specific proteins and factors
      affecting their rates since, unlike comparable translation assays, a precise
      calculation of the balance of newly synthesized proteins is possible.

PMID- 6832152
TI  - Structural characterization of nuclear poly(A)-protein particles in rat liver.
AB  - Poly(A)-protein particles were prepared from rat liver nuclear extract after
      digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease T1 by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. The particles were sedimented in a range of 9-23S with a peak at
      16S. The particles isolated in this manner were 99-100% resistant to further
      pancreatic ribonuclease treatment and contained more than 90% adenylic acid. In
      CsCl density gradient the nuclear poly(A)-protein particles banded in a narrow
      density range of 1.28-1.32 g/cm3 with a peak at 1.30 g/cm3, which corresponds to
      about 90% of protein in the particles. The average length of the poly(A)
      molecules prepared from the 16-S particles was about 140 nucleotides. Urea/sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated two major
      polypeptide components with Mr of 63 000 and 90 000 and at least ten minor
      polypeptides in the 45 000-130 000-Mr range. In sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide gels the 63 000-Mr polypeptide was the only one major
      component. Amino acid analysis of the polypeptides bound to nuclear poly(A)
      revealed that the polypeptides contained a relatively large amount of aspartic
      acid + asparagine and glutamic acid + glutamine (24%). Treatment of
      glutaraldehyde-fixed particles with micrococcal nuclease showed that more than
      90% of the poly(A) was accessible to the enzyme, thus almost the entire poly(A)
      should be located on the surface of the particles. On the basis of the results a
      model for the 'average' 16-S particle was constructed.

PMID- 6832153
TI  - The preparation and properties of gel-filtered rabbit-reticulocyte lysate protein
      synthesis systems.

PMID- 6832154
TI  - Synthesis of biotin-labelled dexamethasone derivatives. Novel hormone-affinity
      probes.
AB  - A new, general methodology for 'sandwich' affinity chromatography of steroid
      hormone receptors is proposed, the part purification of the human spleen tumor
      glucocorticoid receptor is quoted as an illustration. 9-Fluoro-16 alpha-methyl-11
      beta, 17-dihydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3-one-17 beta-carboxylic acid was coupled to
      biotin using pentamethylenediamine (BioDex 1) as a spacer. The bifunctional
      derivative binds to glucocorticoid receptors and avidin-Sepharose and efficiently
      protects the glucocorticoid receptor against inactivation when previously added
      during homogenisation. We have standardized the capacity and optimum conditions
      for elution of receptor-BioDex-1 complexes which are bound to avidin-Sepharose.
      Receptor purification of several thousand fold can be obtained with good yield.

PMID- 6832155
TI  - Structural studies on the O-specific side-chain polysaccharide of
      lipopolysaccharide from the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VA serovar.
AB  - The polysaccharide of the O-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide from
      the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VA serovar has been isolated and studied. The
      structural pattern of the chemical repeating unit of the specific polysaccharide
      has been proposed as follows: (formula; see text).

PMID- 6832156
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of a fast refolding monomeric class I fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Staphylococcus aureus is
      proposed as a good candidate for thermodynamic and kinetic studies on protein
      folding. The monomeric enzyme (molecular weight 35 000 +/- 1000) has been
      previously described as 'unusually heat-stable' [F. Gotz et al. (1980) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 108, 295-301]. In the present paper we show that the enzyme is
      reversibly denatured at relatively low temperature (26-39 degrees C), as
      determined by protein fluorescence and far ultraviolet circular dichroism; the
      van't Hoff enthalpy of the thermal unfolding is 355 +/- 63 kJ/mol. The dichroic
      absorption shows that the aldolase is extensively unfolded in 6 M guanidine/HCl.
      Complete reactivation of the guanidine-denatured enzyme in the test solution is
      extremely fast (less than 10 s in the temperature range from 24.6 degrees C to
      7.7 degrees C). Reactivation ought to be much slower if isomerization reactions
      around at least some of the ten Xaa-Pro peptide bonds were rate-limiting for
      reactivation.

PMID- 6832157
TI  - Kinetics of taurocholate uptake by isolated ileal cells of guinea pig.
AB  - Carrier-mediated uptake of taurocholate by ileal cells of guinea pig had an
      activation energy of 66 kJ/mol. There was no distinct pH optimum in the
      physiological pH range. Uptake was efficiently inhibited by cholate and
      taurochenodeoxycholate in a competitive manner, but less inhibited by
      bromosulfophthalein and not inhibited by taurine. The rate of uptake was related
      to the extracellular Na+ concentration up to 90 mM Na+. Stimulation by Na+ (up to
      sevenfold) occurred only in the presence of a transmembrane Na+ gradient, whereas
      high extracellular (Na+) in the absence of gradient did not stimulate. It is
      suggested that taurocholate is bound to a steroid-binding site of the carrier.
      The energy for the intracellular accumulation is largely provided by cotransport
      with Na+.

PMID- 6832158
TI  - The effects of ADP, phosphate and arsenate on Ca efflux from sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles.

PMID- 6832160
TI  - Measurement of binding of adenine nucleotides and phosphate to cytosolic proteins
      in permeabilized rat-liver cells.
AB  - 1. A method is described for measuring the binding of metabolites to cytosolic
      proteins in situ in isolated rat-liver cells treated with filipin to render the
      plasma membrane permeable to compounds of low molecular weight. 2. There is no
      binding of ATP or inorganic phosphate to cytosolic proteins, either in the
      presence or in the absence of Mg2+. 3. Binding of ADP to cytosolic proteins
      occurs both in the absence and in the presence of Mg2+. The concentration of
      binding sites was 0.68 and 0.52 mumol/g dry weight of cells (n = 3-4) in the
      absence and presence of Mg2+, respectively. The corresponding Kd values were 320
      microM and 235 microM.

PMID- 6832159
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. Characterization
      and effect on platelet function.
AB  - The specificity of five monoclonal antibodies (P1-P6) against platelet surface
      components was determined by immunoprecipitation of surface-labelled platelets
      from normal donors and patients with known platelet glycoprotein defects,
      followed by analysis by gel electrophoresis. Three (P2, P4 and P6) precipitated
      glycoproteins IIb and IIIa and, in addition, P2 precipitated glycoprotein Ia. P1
      precipitated normally only glycoprotein Ib also Ia when the platelets were
      pretreated with neuraminidase. P3 precipitated principally glycoprotein Ia but
      glycoprotein Ib was also weakly precipitated. The effects of the monoclonals on
      platelet function were tested. P1 and P2 completely inhibited and P3 slightly
      inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. P2 also inhibited collagen
      induced aggregation and partially inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. P3,
      P4 and P6 partially inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. None had any
      effect on ristocetin-induced aggregation despite P1 and P3 binding to
      glycoprotein Ib. These results confirm the role of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa in
      aggregation induced by various agents and suggest that the function of
      glycoprotein Ib in thrombin-induced aggregation is more important than previously
      suspected and that glycoprotein Ia may also be involved in platelet functions.

PMID- 6832161
TI  - Binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactosyl-(1 leads to 3)-N-acetyl-beta-D
      galactosaminide to peanut agglutinin. Characterisation and application in
      substitution titrations.
AB  - Binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)
      beta-D-galactopyranoside [MeUmb beta Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc] to peanut
      agglutinin was characterized by equilibrium dialysis and by measurement of the
      increase in ultraviolet absorption or fluorescence of the chromophoric glycoside
      upon continuous titration with excess of the lectin. All data in the 4-30 degrees
      C range correspond to delta G = -(26.5 +/- 0.1) kJ mol-1, delta H = -(58.4 +/- 2)
      kJ mol-1 and delta S = -(107 +/- 8)J mol-1 K-1. Values of the association
      constants are e.g. K = 2.5 X 10(5) M-1 at 4 degrees C and K = 4.5 X 10(4) M-1 at
      25 degrees C. MeUmb beta Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc was used as an indicator
      ligand to determine K values for nonchromophoric carbohydrates by continuous
      displacement titrations, measuring either fluorescence or difference in
      absorption of the indicator. The data were analyzed in terms of the general
      expression for a non-ideal indicator system (as detailed in the appendix). Thus,
      the values of K are not underestimated. They are K = 4.8 X 10(3) M-1 for methyl
      alpha-D-galactopyranoside [Me alpha Gal], 2.0 X 10(3) M-1 for methyl beta-D
      galactopyranoside [Me beta Gal] and 4.7 X 10(3) M-1 for lactose [Gal(beta 1 leads
      to 4)Glc], all at 14.5 degrees C. The MeUmb difference absorption spectra
      resulting from binding of the lectin with MeUmb beta Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc
      and MeUmb beta Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc are larger than for MeUmb beta Gal and
      MeUmb alpha Gal. These observations are consistent with the extended nature of
      the combining site of peanut agglutinin.

PMID- 6832162
TI  - Dictyosome polarity and membrane differentiation in outer cap cells of the maize
      root tip.
AB  - Outer rootcap cells of maize produce large numbers of secretory vesicles that
      ultimately fuse with the plasma membrane to discharge their product from the
      cell. As a result of the fusion, these vesicles contribute large quantities of
      membrane to the cell surface. In the present study, this phenomenon has been
      investigated using sections stained with phosphotungstic acid at low pH (PACP), a
      procedure in plant cells that specifically stains the plasma membrane. In the
      maize root tip, the PACP also stains the membranes of the secretory vesicles
      derived from Golgi apparatus to about the same density that it stains the plasma
      membrane. Additionally, the membranes of the secretory vesicles acquire the
      staining characteristic while still attached to the Golgi apparatus. The staining
      progresses across the dictyosome from the forming to the maturing pole, thus
      confirming the marked polarity of these dictyosomes. Interestingly, the PACP
      staining of Golgi apparatus is confined to the membranes of the secretory
      vesicles. It is largely absent from the central plates or peripheral tubules and
      provides an unambiguous example of lateral differentiation of membranes
      orthogonal to the major polarity axis. In the cytoplasm we could find no vesicles
      other than secretory vesicles bearing polysaccharide that were PACP positive.
      Even the occasional coated vesicle seen in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus
      did not stain. Thus, if exocytotic vesicles are present in the maize root cap
      cell, they are formed in a manner where the PACP-staining constituent is not
      retained by the internalized membrane. The findings confirm dictyosome polarity
      in the maize root cap, provide evidence for membrane differentiation both across
      and at right angles to the major polarity axis, and suggest that endocytotic
      vesicles, if present, exclude the PACP-staining component.

PMID- 6832163
TI  - The effect of cycloheximide on dictyosome activity in Tradescantia pollen tubes
      determined using cytochalasin D.
AB  - Dictyosome activity in Tradescantia pollen tubes has been determined using a
      recently developed method based on the assumption that the rate of vesicle
      accumulation around the dictyosomes, after treatment with cytochalasin D, is
      equivalent to the actual rate of vesicle production. In tubes germinated in the
      presence of 1.0 micrograms/ml cycloheximide, reduced dictyosome activity could be
      detected as early as 10 min after sowing, although tube extension was not halted
      until later. After 30 min vesicle production had completely ceased. These
      observations are discussed in relation to previous reports on the effect of
      cycloheximide on pollen tube growth, and in relation to the synthesis and
      transfer of membrane proteins to secretory vesicles and the plasma membrane. It
      is concluded that the ability of pollen to germinate and produce short tubes in
      the presence of cycloheximide, does not necessarily indicate that protein
      synthesis is not a requirement for early pollen tube growth, as protein shortages
      would not be expected to become apparent over time periods less than the
      dictyosome turnover time and the secretory vesicle residence time.

PMID- 6832164
TI  - Inhibition of lignin formation by L-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid, an
      inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
AB  - Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) seedlings grown for 9 days on filter paper
      soaked with 0.3 to 1 mM L-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a
      potent inhibitor of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, had a greatly reduced
      anthocyanin content, and the cell walls of the xylem vessels did not stain with
      the phloroglucinol/HCl or safranine/astrablue reagents indicating the absence of
      lignin-like material. Furthermore, vanillin was detectable in nitro-benzene
      oxidized lignin preparations only from control seedlings, but not from AOPP
      treated seedlings. Scanning electron microscopy of hypocotyl cross sections
      revealed collapsed xylem vessels in seedlings grown in the presence of AOPP
      indicating that lignin is required for resistance against the tensile forces in
      the conducting cells of the xylem. AOPP enhanced the growth of cultured cells of
      Lonicera prolifera Rehd. while it inhibited the production of extracellular
      material that gave a positive reaction with phloroglucinol/HCl.

PMID- 6832165
TI  - Phagosome fusion vesicles of Paramecium. II. Freeze-fracture evidence for
      membrane replacement.
AB  - Phagosome fusion vesicles (PFVs), a new population of relatively large granules
      in Paramecium caudatum which fuse with the first stage of digestive vacuoles (DV
      I) shortly after these vacuoles are released from the cytopharynx (their site of
      formation), have been studied by using the freeze-fracture technique.
      Identification of PFVs is possible in the resulting replicas at all sites where
      they are commonly found in thin sections, at the cytopharynx, bound but not fused
      with nascent digestive vacuoles and fused with released vacuoles in the cell's
      posterior end. These PFVs have membranes which do not resemble the membranes of
      the forming digestive vacuole membrane or the discoidal vesicle membranes from
      which vacuole membrane is derived. Their smooth E-fracture face with only 50 to
      100 intramembrane particles (IMPs) per micrometers 2 and particulate P-face
      (approximately 2500 IMPs/micrometers) do resemble the second vacuole stage (DV
      II) which is characterized by a smaller diameter and acid pH. Evidence is
      presented for PFV fusion with the DV-I and for membrane replacement, at least in
      part, as the DV-I becomes a DV-II. Membrane replacement entails first adding PFVs
      to the DV-I and then removing the original discoidal vesicle-derived membrane as
      tubules as the vacuole condenses. Implications of the possible role of PFVs in
      forming intravacuolar symbiotic relationships are also discussed.

PMID- 6832166
TI  - Morphology and quantitation of ciliated outgrowths from cultured rabbit tracheal
      explants.
AB  - Ciliated outgrowths from cultured rabbit tracheal epithelium have been
      characterized with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and the ciliary
      frequencies measured. Outgrowth surface cells change in morphology from columnar
      to cuboidal to squamous shapes in their progression away from the explant. The
      ciliated cells retain the organization of their cilia in a cluster usually
      centrally on the apical cell surface. Closest to the explant the nonciliated
      surface of ciliated cells develops extensive microvilli. Ciliary frequencies are
      comparable to those observed in fresh tracheal epithelium with means of 50 cells
      per explant ranging from 11 to 23 beats per second. For most cultures examined no
      correlation exists between ciliary frequency and cell distance from the explant.
      The goblet cells loose their ability to synthesize the characteristic mucus
      granules and can only be identified by the absence of cilia. Surface cells are
      supported by an underlying layer of discontinuous cells and connective tissue
      fibers. The characteristics of an outgrowth suggest that development occurs
      through migration of differentiated cells from the explant rather than
      differentiation of cell types from migrating basal cells.

PMID- 6832167
TI  - Muscle atrophy during starvation in a marine teleost.
AB  - The marine telost Pollachius virens undergoes a natural starvation during the
      winter, and provides a reversible, non-pathological model for studying muscle
      wasting. In the present study fish were kept without food under laboratory
      conditions for up to 12 weeks. The effects of starvation on muscle fibre size,
      volume fractions of mitochondria and myofibrils, and capillary supply were
      determined. Starvation results in a preferential atrophy and degradation of fast
      muscle myofibrillar proteins. For example, fibre cross-sectional area decreased
      from 1014 to 535 micrometers 2 (p less than 0.005) and myofibrillar volume
      fraction from 79.0% to 56.4% (p less than 0.001) in fast fibres following 12
      weeks starvation. In contrast there was little change in these parameters in slow
      muscle fibres. Evidence is presented that M-line and Z-disc breakdown occur as an
      initial stage of myofibrillar degradation. Sarcoplasmic reticulum in atrophied
      fibres often appeared swollen and multi-membraned lysosome-like vesicles were
      common. The percentage of slow fibres (44 to 64%; p less than 0.025) and fast
      fibers (51 to 86%; p less than 0.01) without capillary contact increased and the
      percentage of fibre perimeter vascularised decreased during a 12 week starvation
      (6.3 to 3.3% in slow fibres and 2.8 to 1.1% fast fibres). The volume fractions of
      mitochondria in slow fibres decreased in parallel to the decrease in capillary
      supply (from 34.6 to 18.6%; p less than 0.001). Mechanisms of myofibrillar
      degradation during muscle wasting are discussed.

PMID- 6832170
TI  - Estimation of Golgi membrane flow rates in ovary glands of aptenia cordifolia
      using cytochalasin B.
AB  - Ovary gland cells of Aptenia cordifolia were exposed to 100 micrograms/ml
      cytochalasin B (cyt B) for 30 or 60 min during the phase of granulocrine
      polysaccharide secretion. The drug caused a congestion of Golgi vesicles around
      the dictyosomes, probably resulting from an inhibition of the vesicle migration
      towards the plasma membrane. The ultrastructural feature of the Golgi apparatus
      in control and cyt B treated cells was analyzed using stereological methods in
      order to estimate the mean area of vesicular membrane produced by a single
      dictyosome during a 30 min period of effective cyt B action. Assuming that the
      rate of vesicle congestion can be equated with the rate of vesicle production,
      the 236 dictyosomes found to be present in the non-growing ovary gland cells form
      7517 vesicles in total, or approximately 32 vesicles each within a period of 30
      min. This corresponds to a membrane turnover rate of 70.4 micrometers/min (this
      equals approximately 10% of the total plasma membrane area per min), since the
      mean vesicle surface area was calculated to be 0.281 microns2. The turnover time
      of a single Golgi cisterna was determinated to be 7.34 min, and the average
      vesicle life time to be 8.86 min. Discussion focuses upon the way by which the
      relatively high amount of vesicular membrane material incorporated into the
      plasmalemma is recycled into the endomembrane system. Since a bulk membrane
      retrieval in the form of vesicles, as well as a bulk vesicle migration from the
      ER to the dictyosomes could not be observed, we suggest that a transfer of
      membrane subunits is involved in the maintenance of membrane equilibrium in the
      Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 6832168
TI  - An approach to the assessment of membrane stability of cultured cells.
AB  - A simple method for assessing the combined stability of the plasma and lysosomal
      membranes of cultured cells is described. Monolayers of normal, human glial cells
      were incubated in situ in an isotonic, buffered sucrose solution (pH 5.0)
      containing the acid phosphatase (AP) enzyme substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate
      (PNPP). The rate of appearance, in the solution, of the reaction product p
      nitrophenol (PNP) was measured spectrophotometrically, curves then plotted, and
      fitted by computer. "Lag time" (LT) was calculated, and an index of membrane
      lability constructed, termed "fragility index" (FI). Transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM), "vital" staining of the cells with fluorescein diacetate (FDA)
      and Evans Blue (EB), and use of a Gomori-type cytochemical technique, indicate
      that the data reflects the combined stability of lysosomal and plasma membranes.
      The latter playing the more critical role. Cell cultures pre-incubated with
      various membrane labilizing or stabilizing agents were compared. Control, 0.3 M
      sucrose, and normal saline treated cells demonstrated similar stability.
      Distilled water decreased AP latency (increased fragility), and the magnitude of
      this effect was time dependent. Cells fixed in glutaraldehyde (GA) retained much
      of their osmotic reactivity, as confirmed by distilled water treatment. Oxygen
      derived free radicals caused pronounced fragility, while dexamethasone, a
      membrane stabilizing agent, decreased membrane fragility. Triton X-100 abolished
      latency completely, and total AP activity was very rapidly recovered outside the
      cells in the surrounding incubation medium. These results suggest this technique
      yields a measure of membrane stability which is sensitive enough to differentiate
      between known stabilizers and labilizers of membranes. Hence, this may prove an
      easy and useful aid for the assessment of how various substances and environments
      modulate the lysosomal and plasma membrane stability of cultured cells.

PMID- 6832169
TI  - Asymmetric distribution and temperature-dependent clustering of filipin-sterol
      complexes in the nuclear membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - When Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells were fixed at 4 degrees C and freeze
      fractured, patchy areas having no intramembrane particles were visible in the
      nuclear envelope. The particle free areas (PFAs) were not seen on fixation at 28
      degrees C, indicating that appearance of PFAs was caused by a kind of
      thermotropic phase separation. The PFAs were detected only in the nuclear
      membrane, and not in the plasma membrane. Most of them were present in the outer
      membrane of the nuclear envelope. In cells fixed at 4 degrees C, and treated with
      filipin all the filipin-sterol complexes appeared in clusters located in the
      PFAs. In contrast, the filipin-sterol complexes were evenly distributed in cells
      fixed at 28 degrees C. This suggests that at low temperature, molecules of
      cholesterol gather in the PFAs. Temperature-dependent cluster formation was seen
      only in the complexes of the nuclear membrane, suggesting that the cholesterol in
      the nuclear membrane is more mobile than that in the plasma membrane. In
      addition, the distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in the nuclear envelope
      was asymmetric. The complexes were seen only in the outer (cytoplasmic), but not
      in the inner (nucleoplasmic) membrane of the nuclear envelope, reflecting
      differences in the structural, and presumably functional, characteristics of the
      outer and inner nuclear membranes.

PMID- 6832171
TI  - A study on fibroblast chemotaxis using fibronectin and conditioned medium as
      chemoattractants.
AB  - Chemotaxis of human embryo fibroblasts and rhabdomyosarcoma cells was studied in
      a blind well Boyden chamber using fibronectin as a chemoattractant. The cell
      strains studied show a differential response to fibronectin, a fact which may
      mirror the origin of the cells, that means normal skin or tumor associated
      tissue, respectively. Furthermore, we detected another chemoattractive fraction
      synthesized and secreted by fibroblasts in addition to fibronectin and collagen
      derived fragments. Initial experiments demonstrated the proteinous nature of the
      component(s) and provided some information on the biochemical features.

PMID- 6832172
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor degradation: study of mechanism of action of inhibitory
      drugs.
AB  - The continuous muscle cell line BC3-H1, which expresses nicotinic Acetylcholine
      receptors (AChR) at the cell surface, was used to study the effect of
      lysosomotropic drugs on AChR degradation both in the normal condition and after
      stimulation induced by treatment with anti-AChR antibodies. We found that
      ammonium chloride, methylamine, and bacitracin decreased AChR degradation both in
      normal and stimulated cells but did not prevent AChR internalization from the
      cell surface. In addition NH4Cl increased size and number of lysosomes in treated
      cells, while methylamine and bacitracin did not. These latter drugs increased the
      Golgi area and the vesicular complement of the Golgi apparatus. It is proposed
      that the drugs used decrease AChR degradation by interfering either with lysosome
      function, or with the fusion of endosomes with lysosomes. The data also suggest
      that AChR degradation induced by anti-AChR antibodies is carried out by a
      mechanism similar to that accounting for AChR degradation in control cells.

PMID- 6832173
TI  - Spread of Balbiani ring derived messenger RNA in Chironomus salivary gland cell
      cytoplasm.
AB  - We have investigated whether Balbian ring derived mRNA (75S RNA) of Chironomus
      salivary glands spreads to the different parts of the cytoplasm before or after
      attachment to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Glands were fixed after in vivo
      administration of tritiated uridine and cytidine and the appearance of labelled
      RNA fractions in microdissected cytoplasm was measured. We chose central
      cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasm) and peripheral
      cytoplasm with a low content of reticulum (basal zone). A peripheral spread of
      the mRNA on reticulum membranes would have moved the labelled RNA outwards with
      time. We found, however, a redistribution in the opposite direction, suggesting
      that the mRNA spreads over the whole cytoplasm before it attaches to the
      reticulum membranes. A similar redistribution occurs for the ribosomal subunits.

PMID- 6832174
TI  - Coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women--role of oral
      contraceptives.

PMID- 6832175
TI  - Influence of acute myocardial infarct size on acute and one-year mortality.
AB  - In order to determine the prognostic effect of the size of an acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI), we prospectively studied a consecutive series of patients below
      70 years of age, who had been admitted to the coronary care unit because of
      clinical suspicion of AMI. In 218 patients the diagnosis AMI was confirmed and
      the size of their infarcts was estimated from serum CK-MB measurements. In 102
      patients the suspicion of fresh AMI was disproven, and they served as a control
      group. Both groups of patients were similar with regard to distribution of age,
      sex and coronary risk factors. During one year after discharge, all patients were
      observed with regard to death. The follow-up was 100% for the one-year
      observation period. The one-year survival was found to be much better in the
      patients without AMI on admission than among those with AMI (P less than 0.01).
      The infarct size was larger among those who died than in those who survived (P
      less than 0.01); mortality in hospital and within one year was closely associated
      with the estimated infarct size (P less than 0.01). However, the influence of
      infarct size on survival decreased with time. After six months there was no
      difference in the survival rate.

PMID- 6832179
TI  - Salivary electrolytes and digitalis.
AB  - The hypothesis that an increase in salivary concentration of certain electrolytes
      (Ca X K) is a sign of digitalis intoxication was tested in 16 untreated health
      volunteers, 29 digitalized heart failure patients and four further healthy
      volunteers given digoxin. Salivary electrolyte levels were raised in only about
      half the digitalized patients and blood levels of digoxin were not always higher
      in these patients than in those with normal electrolyte concentrations. The
      salivary electrolyte levels of the healthy volunteers given digoxin remained
      normal. These findings would seem to rule out the possibility that digitalis is
      responsible for the changes in salivary electrolytes observed in certain cases of
      heart failure. A very marked correlation (P less than 0.00002 by Fisher's exact
      probability test) was found, however, between an increase in the product of
      salivary calcium and potassium (Casal X Ksal) and the presence of clinical signs
      of poorly compensated heart failure. It is suggested that this might be a result
      of adrenergic stimulation, which is known to occur in heart failure, affecting
      the salivary glands.

PMID- 6832180
TI  - Report on Joint Working Group Meeting. Exercise tests in patients with valvular
      heart disease.

PMID- 6832177
TI  - Reversible alteration of myocardial function in gestational diabetes.
AB  - Left ventricular function was evaluated in 24 women who developed impaired
      glucose tolerance only during their pregnancy, i.e. patients with gestational
      diabetes. The results were compared with those of 25 normal pregnant women and
      with those of 17 pregnant women with clinical diabetes. The method of systolic
      time intervals was applied. At the third trimester of pregnancy, both the women
      with overt diabetes and those with gestational diabetes, when compared with
      normal pregnant subjects, had a more prolonged pre-ejection period (PEP) and a
      shorter left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and, consequently, a higher
      PEP/LVET ratio. Five weeks after delivery, abnormalities of systolic time
      intervals persisted in patients with clinical diabetes, but there were no
      differences at this time between patients with gestational diabetes and those in
      the control group. It is concluded that when a cardiac load is superimposed on
      patients who develop diabetes only under conditions of stress, as in pregnancy
      (gestational diabetes), abnormalities of myocardial function appear, which revert
      to normal when the stressful event is removed.

PMID- 6832178
TI  - Oral contraception and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6832181
TI  - Detection of acute myocardial infarction in spontaneously hypertensive rats by
      99mTc-pyrrolidino methyl tetracycline.
AB  - The myocardial infarct induced by isoproterenol in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats accumulates higher activities of 99mTc-PM tetracycline compared with the
      cardiac infarct in normotensive rats caused by the same method. The isoproterenol
      model of the myocardial necrosis was induced in intact rats without opening the
      thorax and is a convenient method for experimental radioisotope studies.

PMID- 6832176
TI  - Non-invasive determination of the aortic valve area in stenosis: hydraulic
      orifice formula for application to echocardiography and correlation with
      catheterization.
AB  - We have investigated the validity of a hydraulic orifice formula which
      specifically excludes explicit dependence on the aortic valve pressure gradient
      in aortic stenosis. The new equation requires knowledge of stroke volume and
      systolic ejection periods (s/min) and is expressed as, A = 7 V/T2, where A is the
      effective aortic valve area in cm2, V is the stroke volume in cm3, T is the
      systolic ejection period in s/min and 7 is a clinically derived orifice
      coefficient. The data base consisted of 33 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac
      catheterization for the quantification of aortic stenosis. Additionally 12 of
      these patients had a conventional M-mode echographic investigation offering
      sufficient information to test the orifice formula in a non-invasive context.
      Using potentially non-invasive portions of the catheterization data, the new
      formula correlated with the classical Gorlin formula at a level of r = 0.85, s.e.
      = 0.22 cm2. In the M-mode echographic context with stroke volume computed from
      left ventricular dimensions by the Teichholz equation, the new formula yielded an
      area correlation with classical methods given by r = 0.87 and s.e. = 0.21 cm2.
      Additionally five cases each of subvalvular and supravalvular aortic stenosis
      were studied revealing significant differences in the flow parameters in these
      two cases. These initial results suggest that non-invasive methods may be of
      value in quantification, screening and follow-up of patients with stenotic aortic
      valve disease.

PMID- 6832182
TI  - Acute effects of nicotinic acid on hepatic transport of 99mTc-PIPIDA.
AB  - Hepatic injury has been associated with nicotinic acid treatment of schizophrenia
      and hypercholesterolemia. This association was implicated when the liver and
      biliary tract were not visualized after 99mTc-HIDA in a patient taking 3 g daily
      of nicotinic acid. We studied hepatic transport of 99mTc-PIPIDA both in vitro in
      isolated hepatocytes and in vivo in rabbits pretreated with nicotinic acid to
      further examine this association. Nicotinic acid increased uptake of PIPIDA by
      isolated hepatocytes and 7 days of nicotinic acid treatment in rabbits produced
      no abnormalities in hepatic uptake, gallbladder visualization, or biliary
      excretion of PIPIDA. We conclude that nicotinic acid does not have an inhibitory
      effect on uptake of biliary imaging agents and actually may be useful in
      enhancing hepatic imaging in patients with reduced liver function.

PMID- 6832185
TI  - Impurities of 99mTc-generators.
AB  - The impurities present after use in 99Mo- 99mTc-generators produced by four
      different manufacturers were investigated by means of the energy spectrum and
      half-life measurements. The generators produced with fission contained only a few
      impurities, and the half-lives of their nuclides were relatively short. The only
      generator manufactured using neutron bombardment contained several nuclides whose
      half-lives were in a range of a few months, but also a 60Co nuclide whose long
      half-life may give rise to difficulties in destroying the generator.

PMID- 6832184
TI  - Increased bone marrow blood flow in polycythemia vera.
AB  - Bone marrow blood flow was measured in polycythemia vera, in compensatory and in
      relative polycythemia with a 133Xe washout method. In the treated polycythemia
      vera bone marrow blood flow was significantly increased compared with the age
      matched controls. The fraction of blood flow entering the bone and flowing
      through the hematopoietic marrow was markedly increased in both the untreated and
      the treated polycythemia vera. Although the number of observations in
      compensatory and relative polycythemia was small, the results suggest that bone
      marrow blood flow is not markedly increased in these diseases. The results also
      suggest that in older patients the simple 133Xe method may support the diagnosis
      of polycythemia vera.

PMID- 6832183
TI  - Effective RES blood flow changes in children with homozygous beta-thalassemia in
      relation to blood transfusion.
AB  - Denatured radioiodinated human serum albumin (DHA) clearance studies at a dose of
      1 mg/kg body wt., were carried out in 16 thalassemic children, prior to and 7-10
      days following blood transfusion, to investigate changes of the effective RES
      blood flow which might accompany the posttransfusion spleen size diminution. A
      statistically significant increase (P less than 0.001) of the DHA plasma
      clearance rate was observed 7-10 days following blood transfusion denoting an
      increase of the blood flow to the effective RES while at the same time the spleen
      diminished in size. It is suggested that changes in the effective RES blood flow
      in these patients are directly related to changes in the intrasplenic circulatory
      capacity.

PMID- 6832187
TI  - Demonstration of a bronchobiliary fistula by 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy.
AB  - A case of bronchobiliary fistula diagnosed by 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy is
      presented. The fistula caused by a stenosing tumor of the left hepatic duct would
      probably have been missed without the use of delayed views and body fluids
      counting which increased the specificity of scintigraphic findings.

PMID- 6832186
TI  - Preoperative scintigraphic evaluation of the liver and biliary tract in Caroli's
      disease.
AB  - Caroli's disease (congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts) is a rare
      condition which is usually diagnosed postoperatively. Scintigraphic evaluation of
      this entity is very limited. We report here a patient with Caroli's disease in
      whom a dichotomy in hepatic uptake of 99mTc-HIDA (hot spots) and 99mTc-colloid
      (cold spots) was observed, leading to a correct preoperative evaluation of the
      disease.

PMID- 6832189
TI  - Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning experiences on
      social development.

PMID- 6832188
TI  - Detection of protein-losing enteropathy by 111In-Transferrin scanning.

PMID- 6832191
TI  - Bioavailability of oral dexamethasone during high dose steroid therapy in
      neurological patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and oral biovailability of dexamethasone were studied in 6
      patients with neurological disease being treated with high dosages of the drug. A
      specific high performance liquid chromatographic assay was used to measure
      dexamethasone concentrations. Unlike the previously published mean figure of 0.78
      for the oral bioavailability of the drug given in single doses to healthy
      volunteers, the mean bioavailability of dexamethasone in the patients studied was
      0.53 +/- SD 0.40. It appeared more likely that this incomplete bioavailability
      was due to presystemic elimination than to poor absorption. The intravenous
      clearance of the drug was relatively high (0.4902 +/- SD 2291 1 kg-1,
      approximately 65% of expected hepatic plasma flow), the oral clearance higher
      (2.5804 +/- SD 3.2181 1 kg-1 h-1) while the absorption rate constant (4.8729 +/-
      8.4998 h-1), suggested rapid absorption after oral administration. Prior
      phenytoin and possibly prior dexamethasone therapy is likely to have contributed
      to the higher clearance values of the drug in these patients than the values
      reported in healthy volunteers after single dose studies.

PMID- 6832190
TI  - Parents as language trainers: language programming with developmentally delayed
      children.

PMID- 6832194
TI  - Modelling of initial distribution of drugs following intravenous bolus injection.
AB  - Based on a recirculatory pharmacokinetic model, a physiologically realistic
      definition of the initial distribution volume has been developed to characterize
      the overall distribution process occurring shortly after rapid bolus injection of
      a drug. This apparent volume of distribution, which refers to the peak right
      atrial blood concentration, depends on the cardiac output and basic
      pharmacokinetic parameters usually derived from the whole blood concentration vs
      time curve. The initial distribution process appears to be affected by changes in
      the variance of the distribution of residence times of the drug in the body. The
      influence of the site and time of early blood sampling on the estimated initial
      distribution volume is discussed. This relatively simple a priori model should
      prove useful in predicting to a first approximation the principal characteristics
      of the initial distribution process.

PMID- 6832192
TI  - Elimination of cefroxadine (CGP-9000) from patients undergoing dialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefroxadine was studied in 17 patients with terminal
      renal impairment, 10 of whom were undergoing 5 h dialysis sessions. The
      antibiotic was administered as a single oral dose of 500 mg. Cefroxadine followed
      a single compartment open kinetic model. During the interdialysis period in
      patients with terminal renal impairment, an average Cmax of 26.59 micrograms/ml
      and a tmax of 3.65 h were reached, which are greater than in patients with normal
      renal function. The serum half-life was reduced from 23.55 h in the interdialysis
      periods to 3.40 h during the dialysis sessions. The average extraction
      coefficient was 0.249. It is recommended that a 500 mg dose cefroxadine should be
      administered at the end of each dialysis session if the interdialysis period is
      48 h.

PMID- 6832193
TI  - Disposition kinetics of metronidazole in children.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was studied in 20 paediatric patients aged
      6 weeks and 4 to 14 years, who had trichomonal vaginitis or an anaerobic
      bacterial infection. The dosage of metronidazole was about 10 or 20 mg/kg b.i.d.
      orally. The serum concentrations found in children and the corresponding
      calculated kinetic parameters were similar to those in adults after intake of an
      equal, weight-related dose. Metronidazole shows rapid diffusion into the saliva
      with a concentration ratio of about 1.0. This can provide the basis for an
      efficient non-invasive method of drug monitoring.

PMID- 6832195
TI  - Statistical analysis of bioavailability studies: parametric and nonparametric
      confidence intervals.
AB  - For a two-way cross-over design, which appears to be the most common experimental
      design in bioavailability studies, 95%-confidence limits for expected
      bioavailability can be obtained by classical analysis of variance (ANOVA). If
      symmetry of the confidence interval is desired about zero (differences) or unity
      (ratios) rather than about the corresponding point estimator, Westlake's
      modification can be used. Two nonparametric methods and their adaptations to
      bioavailability ratios are reviewed, one based on Wilcoxon's signed rank test
      (Tukey), and the other on Pitman's permutation test. The necessary assumptions
      and the merits of these procedures are discussed. The methods are illustrated by
      an example of a comparative bioavailability study. A FORTRAN program facilitating
      the procedures is available from the authors upon request.

PMID- 6832196
TI  - Does fenbufen have a large distribution volume or is it subject to extensive
      presystemic elimination?

PMID- 6832197
TI  - New aspects of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine in man.
AB  - Using considerably improved analytical methods, the kinetics and effects of
      clonidine were observed in healthy volunteers over periods of time more than 3
      times longer than those previously reported. The high sensitivity and small work
      load of the newly developed method permitted the performance of low-dose and
      multipledose trials. 1. The complete bioavailability of clonidine and its
      elimination half-life (20 to 25.5 h) remained constant after single and multiple
      doses. 2. Approximately 62% of a given dose was excreted unchanged in the urine,
      independent of the quantity administered (0.075, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3 mg), the
      drug formulation (solution, tablet, Perlonget) or of the mode of administration
      (i.v., p.o.; single or multiple doses). 3. As the pharmacokinetics of the drug
      were affected by entero-hepatic circulation, it cannot be described by a
      conventional, open one or two compartment model. 4. The time courses of the
      plasma clonidine concentration and its drug effects ran asynchronously. 5. On
      cessation of chronic clonidine administration, blood pressure and plasma
      catecholamine levels increased to pretreatment levels without exhibiting any
      "overshoot" reaction.

PMID- 6832198
TI  - Acute effects of alinidine on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy subjects
      and patients with hyperkinetic heart syndrome.
AB  - The effects of a single dose of alinidine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), the N-allyl
      derivative of clonidine, on heart rate and blood pressure were investigated in
      healthy volunteers and in patients with hyperkinetic heart syndrome, at rest and
      during bicycle exercise. In healthy volunteers plasma catecholamine levels were
      also determined. Alinidine did not change heart rate at rest in the healthy
      volunteers but it did significantly reduce exercise-induced tachycardia, whereas
      blood pressure and plasma catecholamine levels were not significantly affected by
      alinidine, either at rest or during exercise. In patients with hyperkinetic heart
      syndrome, alinidine reduced heart rate at rest and during exercise to a similar
      extent as propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). The blood pressure did not change with
      alinidine but it was significantly reduced by propranolol. The observation that
      an alinidine-induced reduction of heart rate occurs without a concomitant fall in
      blood pressure, and without a clonidine-like symphatho-inhibitory action, is in
      line with experimental findings suggesting a specific bradycardic action of
      alinidine under short-term conditions.

PMID- 6832199
TI  - Prajmalium bitartrate in chronic ventricular arrhythmias: comparison with
      disopyramide.
AB  - 24-h ECG recordings were used to assess the efficacy of prajmalium bitartrate
      (PB) in reducing the incidence and the severity of premature ventricular
      complexes (PVCs), and to compare its antiarrhythmic action with that of
      Disopyramide. 13 patients with frequent PVCs were distributed randomly into 2
      groups. The first group of 7 patients received PB 80 mg/day for 4 days as their
      first treatment, and disopyramide 400 mg/day for a further 4 days as the second
      therapy. The succession of the drugs was reversed in the other group of 6
      patients. Analysis of the Holter recordings showed that PB and disopyramide
      reduced PVC frequency to a similar extent as compared to the corresponding wash
      out period, viz. by 56.7% (p less than 0.05) and 62.1% (p less than 0.01),
      respectively. Thus, PB appears to be an effective antiarrhythmic drug and
      comparable to disopyramide. It may be used to prevent premature ventricular
      complexes and runs of ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6832200
TI  - Effect of quinidine on digoxin bioavailability.
AB  - To evaluate the possible effect of quinidine on digoxin bioavailability, the
      steady state digoxin kinetics was examined with and without concomitant quinidine
      therapy, in 7 cardiac patients after simultaneous administration of oral digoxin
      and intravenous [3H]-digoxin. In the presence of quinidine, the absorption rate
      constant of digoxin (ka) increased from 2.72 +/- 1.04 to 3.53 +/- 1.34 h-1 (p
      less than 0.05), whereas lag time and peak time decreased from 0.16 +/- 0.10 to
      0.05 +/- 0.04 h (p less than 0.05) and from 0.92 +/- 0.27 to 0.69 +/- 0.19 h (p
      less than 0.02), respectively. Predose plasma digoxin increased from 0.41 +/-
      0.25 to 0.70 +/- 0.31 ng/ml (p less than 0.02), while peak plasma digoxin
      increased from 0.93 +/- 0.34 to 1.63 +/- 0.46 ng/ml (p less than 0.02). The
      systemic availability of digoxin increased from 68.48 +/- 13.35 to 79.09 +/-
      14.89% (p less than 0.05) in the presence of quinidine. Quinidine had no effect
      on the biotransformation pattern of digoxin, as assessed by thin layer
      chromatography. Quinidine increases the rate and extent of digoxin absorption,
      and this interaction contributes significantly to the elevation in plasma digoxin
      during both its distribution and elimination phases.

PMID- 6832202
TI  - The responsiveness of human eccrine sweat glands to choline and carbachol.
      Application to the study of peripheral cholinergic functioning in Alzheimer-type
      dementia.
AB  - The responsiveness of human eccrine sweat glands to intradermally injected
      choline and carbachol was studied in vivo using a plastic paint impression
      method. Both drugs exerted consistent dose-related effects, choline being
      significantly less potent than carbachol. The responses to both drugs attained a
      maximum level approximately 3 min after the injection, but the responses to
      choline had a less pronounced peak and declined more slowly than the response to
      carbachol. The response to choline, but not the response to carbachol, was
      antagonised by hemicholinium-3. Young males showed greater responsiveness to both
      drugs than young females, this being reflected in higher maxima of the dose
      response curves obtained for the males. Smaller responses to both drugs were
      observed in old females than in young females, this being reflected in lower
      maxima of the dose-response curves obtained for the elderly group. A group of
      elderly female patients with clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer-type dementia showed
      smaller responses to both drugs than the group of non-demented elderly females.
      The results show that choline can stimulate eccrine sweat glands, possibly by an
      indirect mechanism involving active uptake and metabolic conversion to
      acetylcholine. The reduced responsiveness seen in the patients suffering from
      Alzheimer-type dementia could reflect either a loss of function of cholinergic
      sympathetic neurones or impaired functioning of the sweat glands themselves.

PMID- 6832201
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of a new vasodilator drug, felodipine, in healthy subjects.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of a new vasodilating drug, felodipine, were studied in
      eight, healthy, male subjects, aged 22-31 years. The drug was given as an oral
      solution in the dose of 0.15 mg/kg. Thirty-five minutes later further dose of
      0.15 mg/kg was administered. Felodipine induced a pronounced decrease in
      diastolic blood pressure (maximal effect 15 +/- 4 mm Hg) and in the systemic
      vascular resistance. Cardiac output increased (maximum by 4.2 +/- 0.31/min), due
      to an increase both in the stroke volume and the heart rate. The maximal increase
      in the stroke volume (measured from echo cardiograms) and the heart rate were 33
      +/- 5 ml and 23 +/- 3 beats/min, respectively. Felodipine caused a significant
      decrease in the pre-ejection period (23 +/- 3 ms) and an increase in the left
      ventricular ejection time (29 +/- 3 ms). The quotient PEP/LVET fell from 0.36 +/-
      0.01 to 0.28 +/- 0.01. Significant activity of felodipine could be recorded at a
      plasma level of about 15 nmol/l. When the maximal haemodynamic effects were
      recorded the plasma level was about 40 nmol/l. After a cumulative dose of 0.30
      mg/kg, there was a twofold variation in the maximal plasma level (from 31 to 61
      nmol/l). The results of the present investigation are in agreement with previous
      haemodynamic studies in animals. It would appear that felodipine is a potent
      arteriolar vasodilator and it might well be of considerable value in the
      management of patients with hypertension or congestive cardiac failure.

PMID- 6832203
TI  - Effect of preoperative paracetamol on pain after oral surgery.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial was carried out in 50 patients
      undergoing surgical removal of bilaterally impacted lower wisdom teeth. Surgery
      in each patient was performed twice and paracetamol 1000 mg was administered once
      preoperatively and once postoperatively. The time interval to additional
      analgesic intake and the pain intensity up to and at that time were assessed.
      There was no difference between the 2 treatments. It was concluded that
      preoperative paracetamol does not offer any clinical advantage in patients who
      undergo surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom teeth.

PMID- 6832204
TI  - Initiation and maintenance of beta-blockade with intravenous oxprenolol.

PMID- 6832205
TI  - Non-linear elimination processes of theophylline.
AB  - After intravenous and oral administration of theophylline to four healthy
      subjects, the plasma concentration-time curve of theophylline could be described
      by linear pharmacokinetics, although total clearance in all subjects decreased
      when the dose was increased; the doses were theophylline 193.2 mg and 386.4 mg
      i.v. and 161 mg and 322 mg p.o. Total clearance was 65.5 +/- 11.3 ml/min. Renal
      clearance changed from 15.2 +/- 9.5 ml/min in the first two hours after
      administration to 4.9 +/- 5.5 ml/min between 16 and 24 h (p less than 0.001). 1,3
      dimethyluric acid (DMU), the major metabolite of theophylline, was determined in
      urine and in plasma. The renal clearance of DMU was constant at 496.7 +/- 180
      ml/min. There was some evidence that at high plasma concentrations of
      theophylline the formation of DMU might be a zero-order process. The renal
      excretion rate of 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) paralleled that of DMU, which is in
      accordance with the assumption that DMU is demethylated to 1-MU. 3-methylxanthine
      (3-MX) was excreted in urine at a constant rate over 10 h, the rate being
      equivalent to the dose, which is contrary to the assumption of Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics. 3-methyluric acid was found to be a minor metabolite of theophylline
      and 1-methylxanthine (1-MX) could not be detected. The cumulative amounts
      excreted in urine, expressed as a percentage of the dose and corrected for
      molecular weight, were theophylline 16.6 +/- 6.5%, DMU 44.3 +/- 7.0%, 1-MU 24.3
      +/- 4.8%, 3-MX 12.9 +/- 3.4% and 3-MU 2.2 +/- 1.8%.

PMID- 6832206
TI  - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline in plain uncoated and
      sustained-release dosage forms in relation to smoking habit. I. Single dose
      study.
AB  - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline from a plain uncoated
      and 2 newly designed, sustained-release tablet formulations, as compared to
      intravenous aminophylline, were studied in 12 healthy adult male volunteers. The
      subjects were divided into two groups (n = 6) with respect to smoking habit and
      on 4 separate occasions each received, on a randomized cross-over basis, a single
      dose of 400 mg equivalent of theophylline from every dosage form. The intravenous
      aminophylline study showed that habitual smoking had a significant (p less than
      0.05) effect on plasma theophylline clearance (0.051 +/- 0.006 vs 0.035 +/- 0.004
      l/kg/h). Smoking significantly reduced the raw AUC from the 4 dosage forms (p
      less than 0.05), but did not change the characteristics of absorption of each
      formulation. There was a non-significant trend towards reduced absolute
      bioavailability of theophylline from sustained-release formulations in smokers
      (percentage mean difference - 16% for one formulation and 13% for another). The
      trend was not observed for the plain uncoated tablet, which was rapidly absorbed
      (p less than 0.01 to 0.05 in Ka, tmax and Cmax compared to sustained-release
      tablets). Similarity of the in vitro dissolution profiles of the two sustained
      release formulations did not imply similarity of the in vivo absorption
      characteristics. Plasma clearances of theophylline and antipyrine were
      significantly correlated (p less than 0.05, r = 0.693, n = 10). Thus, smoking
      enhanced the elimination of theophylline regardless of the dosage form
      administered. However, the extent to which habitual smoking may affect the
      hepatic first-pass effect on theophylline from sustained-release formulations
      requires further study. The results also suggest that theophylline and antipyrine
      may share a similar or common and presumably polycyclic hydrocarbon-inducible
      form(s) of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme.

PMID- 6832208
TI  - The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man.
AB  - The absolute bioavailability of orally administered caffeine was investigated in
      10 healthy adult male volunteers, aged 18.8 to 30.0 years. The subjects were
      administered a 5 mg/kg dose of caffeine as either an aqueous oral solution or an
      intravenous infusion, on separate occasions about 1 week apart, in a randomized
      crossover fashion. Plasma samples were collected over the 24-h period following
      each dose and assayed for their caffeine content using a high-performance liquid
      chromatographic technique. The oral absorption was very rapid, reaching a peak
      (Tp) plasma concentration after 29.8 +/- 8.1 min (mean +/- SEM). In addition, the
      variation in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was low, 10.0 +/- 1.0
      micrograms/ml. The absolute bioavailability was assessed by comparing the areas
      under the plasma concentration vs. time curves for the intravenous and oral doses
      of caffeine. The rapid absorption resulted in essentially complete
      bioavailability of the oral caffeine, F(%) = 108.3 +/- 3.6%. The caffeine plasma
      half-lives varied from 2.7 to 9.9 h, indicating substantial inter-subject
      variability in its elimination.

PMID- 6832207
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional
      status.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing
      nutritional status was studied. In 8 children of normal weight, the t1/2 beta
      (4.93 h) plasma clearance (1.22 ml/min/kg and Vd area (504 ml/kg) were similar to
      those of Swedish children of normal weight. In children with marasmus or
      kwashiorkor there was an increased volume of distribution. The increase in Vd was
      reflected in an increased biological half-life, in spite of a slight but not
      significant increase in clearance in both of these groups of children. The
      pharmacokinetic changes in clearance and volume of distribution found in
      malnutrition should counteract each other, so from a clinical point of view
      theophylline can be given to Ethiopian children according to the standard dosage
      recommendation, regardless of nutritional status.

PMID- 6832209
TI  - Reduced steady-state plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine and indomethacin in
      patients receiving cimetidine.
AB  - Chronic administration of cimetidine was found to produce a fall in steady-state
      plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine and of indomethacin in patients. In each
      case there was some evidence of inhibition of metabolism, suggesting that the
      mechanism must therefore be decreased absorption sufficient to over-ride the
      metabolic change. This was confirmed by measurement of excretion of metabolites
      in the indomethacin study. The fall in indomethacin plasma concentrations was not
      associated with a change in the clinical effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory
      therapy.

PMID- 6832210
TI  - Temperature and cellular regulation of spontaneous cytotoxicity in the shark.
AB  - Spontaneous cytolytic activity of shark peripheral blood leukocytes is observed
      only during periods of decreased environmental temperature (less than 23 degrees
      C). The effector cell is adherent to glass and is phagocytic. Leukocytes tested
      during warmer periods (26-31 degrees C) exhibit no spontaneous activity; however,
      glass-adherent cells isolated from those fish are cytotoxic in vitro, indicating
      that the effector cell is present at all temperatures. During warmer
      temperatures, nonadherent cells added to adherent cells were shown to inhibit
      spontaneous cytotoxicity. This inhibition requires viable cells in contact with
      the spontaneous cytotoxic population. Thus decreased environmental temperature
      correlated with spontaneous cytotoxicity, and appears to affect a regulatory cell
      that is glass nonadherent. In addition, the cytotoxic effector cell is more
      active at 23 degrees C than 30 degrees C in vitro. These data show that by the
      time of emergence of the nurse shark, a temperature-dependent mechanism had
      evolved for cellular regulation of at least one immune function, spontaneous
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6832211
TI  - Flow microfluorometric analysis of mouse thymus development in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6832212
TI  - Immune responses to xanthan gum. I. The characteristics of lymphocyte activation
      by xanthan gum.
AB  - Xanthan gum (XG), a microbial polysaccharide produced extracellularly by
      fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris, has unique physical properties. We
      studied the effects of XG on murine lymphocytes in vitro and found that XG
      induced both a significant increase of DNA synthesis in mouse splenic B cells and
      thymocytes as well as polyclonal IgM and IgG antibody responses in B cells. XG
      activated thymocytes, however, did not display helper or suppressor functions. XG
      was almost as effective in inducing polyclonal antibody responses as
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine systems. Hamster spleen cells, however, were
      weakly triggered to nonspecific antibody production by XG but they were not
      triggered at all by LPS. Spleen cells from normal neonatal mice and from adult
      CBA/N mice, a strain which possesses an X-linked defect affecting B cell
      differentiation, responded relatively well to XG and LPS, suggesting that XG can
      stimulate immature B cells as well as LPS does. It was found that XG activated B
      cells in the relative absence of T cells and macrophages. Spleen cells from LPS
      nonresponder C3H/HeJ mice and seven other mouse strains were stimulated to
      polyclonal antibody production by XG. In contrast, spleen cells from C57BL/10
      mice were unresponsive or only slightly responsive to XG, but fully responsive to
      LPS.

PMID- 6832213
TI  - Detection of interspecies idiotypic cross-reactions associated with antibodies to
      hepatitis B surface antigen.
AB  - A common idiotype was defined by a rabbit anti-idiotypic antiserum generated
      against human antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). This idiotype
      was detected in anti-HBs from eight different individuals who had been previously
      infected with hepatitis B virus and is referred to as the CHBs idiotype. The CHBs
      idiotype was also identified in sera from rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, swine,
      goats and chimpanzees that had been immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg). Expression of the CHBs idiotype in sera from other species was
      associated with anti-HBs molecules. These results suggested that variable-region
      genes responsible for the CHBs idiotype have been conserved through long periods
      of evolution. It was noteworthy that the CHBs idiotype was not detected in the
      sera of a nonmammalian species, chickens, that had been successfully immunized
      with HBsAg.

PMID- 6832214
TI  - Simultaneous absence of the human IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgA1 subclasses:
      immunological and immunogenetical considerations.
AB  - Simultaneous absence of the IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgA1 immunoglobulins has been
      unambiguously demonstrated in a healthy 75-year-old woman by testing for
      allotypes, isoallotypes and for isotypes of these four subclasses. Only IgM, IgD,
      IgG3, IgA2 and IgE were present. The IgG3 levels were significantly increased.
      Family investigation showed inheritance of a haplotype Gm-;-;b A2m2. This person
      is homozygous for an extensive DNA deletion including the C gamma 1, C gamma 2, C
      gamma 4 and C alpha 1 genes.

PMID- 6832215
TI  - Central serotonergic activity after neurogenic hypertension.
AB  - Sinoaortic denervated rats, 24 h after operation, showed a 25% increase in the
      central (hypothalamus, frontal cortex, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata)
      tryptophan content and about a 70% rise in plasma free fatty acid (NEFA)
      concentration. The synaptosomal serotonin (5-HT) uptake and tryptophan
      hydroxylase activity of slices from these central areas were not significantly
      different when compared to those from sham-operated rats. There was also an
      increase in tryptophan and NEFA concentration at 24 h in fasted sham-operated
      rats. Seven days after neurogenic hypertension, the central tryptophan content
      had returned to control values. However, a 50% increase in the tryptophan
      hydroxylase activity of slices from the midbrain area together with a higher
      turnover rate of serotonin was found in the denervated group of rats. The
      synaptosomal 5-HT uptake remained unchanged. These results suggest that
      sinoaortic denervation could induce changes in the serotonergic neurons localized
      in central nervous system areas during the first week after operation.

PMID- 6832216
TI  - Hemodynamic action of verapamil in dogs with controlled aortic pressure-
      influence of sympathetic activation.
AB  - Verapamil was given to 18 anesthetized dogs (alpha-chloralose 100 mg/kg) as a
      bolus injection (200 micrograms/kg) followed by constant rate infusion (10
      micrograms/kg per min). Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and during
      verapamil administration. After a suitable period of time for complete reversal
      of hemodynamic effects, verapamil administration as well as hemodynamic
      measurements were repeated during graded aortic occlusion. This technique
      stabilized central aortic pressure so that the level of reflex baroreceptor
      stimulation could be kept constant. Atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances
      observed in 5 dogs during balloon occlusion are attributed to lack of sympathetic
      stimulation. Without balloon occlusion, verapamil produced significant decreases
      in peripheral systemic vascular resistance and pressure and marked increases in
      cardiac output. Heart rate, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures did
      not change significantly. During graded aortic occlusion, systemic resistance and
      cardiac output were less markedly affected but there was an increase in both
      pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures.

PMID- 6832218
TI  - Exogenous gangliosides enhance the interaction of fibronectin with ganglioside
      deficient cells.
AB  - The major cell-surface glycoprotein fibronectin mediates a variety of cellular
      adhesive interactions that have been reported to be competitively inhibited by
      gangliosides. These effects suggest a possible function of gangliosides as
      receptors for fibronectin. To test this hypothesis more directly, we examined the
      interaction of endogenous fibronectin with a ganglioside-deficient cell line,
      NCTC 2071. These cells, which grow in serum-free medium, synthesized fibronectin.
      The fibronectin did not bind to these cells, but instead bound diffusely to the
      culture substratum. When the cells were cultured in medium containing
      ganglioside, the fibronectin became bound to the cell surface in fibrillar
      strands. The order of effectiveness of purified gangliosides was GT1b greater
      than GD1a greater than GM1 greater than GM2 greater than GM3. The effect with
      mixed gangliosides was accompanied by a restoration of cellular capacity to bind
      and to respond to cholera toxin. Treatment of the cells with several
      phospholipids did not alter fibronectin binding. Our results support the
      hypothesis that gangliosides can help mediate the binding of fibronectin to
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6832219
TI  - Acidic vesicles and the uptake of amines by sea urchin eggs.
AB  - The radioactive amine [14C]methylamine is accumulated to a great extent by eggs,
      with kinetics that are dependent upon temperature (Q10 = 5) and sensitive to
      metabolic inhibitors. Efflux of [14C]methylamine from eggs (preloaded with tracer
      concentrations) is increased immediately after fertilization or NH4Cl activation.
      Fluorescent amines (9-aminoacridine (9AA) and acridine orange (AO)) are
      concentrated in small intracellular compartments, presumably vesicles. The
      possible role of these vesicles in the accumulation of amines by sea urchin eggs
      and the activation of the metabolism that ensues is discussed.

PMID- 6832217
TI  - Behavioral interactions of coadministered amphetamine and pentobarbital.

PMID- 6832221
TI  - The effect of light on morphogenesis of Dictyostelium mucoroides.
AB  - The effect of light on the production of macrocysts and sorocarps of
      Dictyostelium mucoroides, strain DM-7, has been studied with surface cultures
      grown on dilute lactose-peptone agar at 22 degrees C with Escherichia coli,
      strain B/r, as food bacteria. The production of sorocarps or macrocysts can be
      controlled by altering the light component of the environment. Far red light had
      no effect on macrocyst production, whereas visible light from 440 to 700 nm
      inhibited macrocyst production with production decreasing with increasing light
      intensity. Fluence response curves for macrocyst production were determined for
      twelve wavelengths of light between 400 and 700 nm. An action spectrum calculated
      from the fluence response curves shows a single major peak at about 425-430 nm.

PMID- 6832220
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cell cycle-enriched subpopulations of a murine
      macrophage cell line by centrifugal elutriation.
AB  - The cell cycle of the P388D 1 murine macrophage line was delineated and
      suspensions of exponentially growing cells were separated by centrifugal
      elutriation into subpopulations enriched in the various phases of the cycle.
      Analysis of both growth and labelled mitoses curves disclosed that the doubling
      and cell-cycle times were essentially identical (18.4 and 18.3 h), indicating
      that all cells were in cycle. In addition, G1 + 1/2M was 4.3 h, whereas S phase
      and G2 + 1/2M lasted about 12 and 1.5 h. The most homogeneous subpopulations of
      phase-enriched cells obtained by elutriation were cells in G1 and S, where
      purities (estimated by both labelling indices and analyses of DNA histograms
      obtained by flow cytometry) exceeded 80%. Isolation of G2 + M-phase cells was not
      as efficient, although the purity of these subpopulations was consistently
      greater than of 50%, an approx. 10-fold enrichment over unseparated suspensions
      of cells. Comparison of IgG2a-Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytic activities among
      the phase-enriched subpopulations showed that cells in G2 had appreciably
      enhanced activity.

PMID- 6832222
TI  - Endocytosis of cationic and anionic proteins in cultivated arterial smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - Confluent secondary cultures of rat arterial smooth muscle cells were exposed to
      cationic and anionic derivatives of ferritin and horseradish peroxidase and
      studied electron microscopically in order to clarify the influence of molecular
      net charge on surface binding and endocytosis of proteins. The cationic markers
      bound uniformly to the plasma membrane. They were then ingested by membrane
      invagination and via small vesicles transported to lysosomes and the Golgi
      complex. These organelles were both labelled already after 30 min of incubation.
      With longer exposure times (2-4 h), an increasing accumulation within the
      lysosomes was observed, whereas the labelling of the Golgi complex decreased. In
      spite of continued interiorization of plasma membrane carrying the cationic
      markers, the cells retained their ability to bind the latter to the surface. The
      anionic markers did not bind to the cell surface, were taken up in the fluid
      phase, and later observed only in lysosomes. If assuming that the cationic and
      anionic proteins serve as markers for the plasma membrane and fluid phase,
      respectively, but do not affect the intracellular path of interiorized membrane,
      these results indicate that the endocytic vesicles fuse with and empty their
      content into lysosomes and that part of the incoming membrane subsequently is
      transferred to the Golgi complex for possible recirculation back to the cell
      surface. If, on the other hand, the net charge of the exogenous marker influences
      the path of the vesicles, there may exist more than one recovery route for
      membrane interiorized by endocytosis.

PMID- 6832223
TI  - Effects of colchicine on DNA synthesis, endocytosis and fine structure of
      cultivated arterial smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 6832224
TI  - Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - 3-Aminobenzamide (3AB), an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, is a potent
      inducer of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Because of the possible relation
      between SCEs and DNA synthesis, the effects of 3AB on DNA synthesis and cell
      cycle progression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were examined. Unlike all
      other SCE-inducing agents whose effects on DNA synthesis have been studied, short
      term exposures (30-120 min) of 3AB did not inhibit the overall rate of DNA
      synthesis and this result was independent of the amount of bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdU) in the DNA. Longer exposure times (greater than 24 h) did result in an
      extended S phase, but this was not due to an effect on the rate of DNA chain
      elongation. 3AB also delayed the entry of cells into S phase. The overall cell
      cycle delay was dose dependent, approaching 9 h after a 54 h exposure to 10 mM
      3AB. Earlier reports that 3AB is neither mutagenic nor cytotoxic were confirmed.
      Thus 3AB acts to increase SCE frequency by a mechanism distinct from that which
      causes cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, and does not involve any inhibition in the
      rate of DNA chain growth.

PMID- 6832225
TI  - Hl histones from mammalian testes. Hlt is associated with spermatogenesis in
      humans.
AB  - Hlt is a testis-specific Hl histone variant associated with meiosis and post
      meiotic stages of male germ cell development. We have now made tentative
      identification of Hlt in humans by a variety of criteria including
      electrophoretic and extractive properties. While Hlt was readily identified in
      extracts from normal testes, it was not detectable in extracts from
      aspermatogenic testes or from placenta. Identification of Hlt in humans confirms
      the widespread association of this unusual Hl variant with spermatogenesis among
      mammals ranging from rodents to primates.

PMID- 6832226
TI  - Cholera toxin does not prevent neurite outgrowth from adult human chromaffin
      cells in culture.

PMID- 6832227
TI  - Concurrent modulation of cell surface fibronectin and adhesion to fibronectin in
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - Rat hepatoma cells grown in vitro were poorly adhesive to plastic surfaces coated
      with fibronectin and lacked cell surface fibronectin matrix. They synthesized
      soluble fibronectin into the medium. The cell surface fibronectin matrix and the
      ability to attach to fibronectin-coated surface were restored in the 7777 cells
      upon passage as a tumor in rats and by coculturing these cells with normal liver
      derived cells in vitro. Fibronectin matrix and the ability of cells to attach to
      fibronectin were thus modulated in a coordinated fashion, suggesting that the
      formation of a cell surface fibronectin matrix is dependent on the cell surface
      property that enables cells to interact with fibronectin.

PMID- 6832228
TI  - Nucleolus-like bodies in embryonal carcinoma cells of the embryoid bodies
      isolated from mouse teratocarcinoma.
AB  - Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) in the embryoid bodies
      isolated from mouse teratocarcinoma contained nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs) of
      smaller sizes in their cytoplasm (their sectional area averaged about 0.036
      micrometers2). At the onset of EC cell differentiation, the average sectional
      area of NLBs significantly increased (about 0.107 micrometers2). When EC cells
      had differentiated into mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells of primitive
      blood vessels, NLBs decreased dramatically both in size and number. The possible
      role of NLBs in the differentiation process of EC cells is discussed.

PMID- 6832229
TI  - Dynamic changes in intact crystalline lens metabolism modulated by alkaline earth
      metals: I. Effects of magnesium.
AB  - Dynamic changes in organophosphate levels during incubation of the intact
      crystalline lens in Earle's buffer containing 10 and 20 mM-MgCl2 were studied
      using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Twenty-eight
      phosphatic metabolites of intermediary metabolism were quantitated and the
      utilization of these compounds was determined during a 24-hr time-course. In
      addition, intralenticular pH was assessed from both the resonance position of
      alpha-glycerophosphate and inorganic orthophosphate as measured in the intact
      tissue. Generally, high extracellular magnesium concentrations promote a net
      reduction of ATP with a concomitant production of inorganic orthophosphate;
      however, subtle changes occur in the metabolic processes which modulate this
      primary activity. The most notable difference between incubation in 10 and 20 mM
      magnesium is that during 20 mM-magnesium incubations the intralenticular pH
      decline is proportionate to the net ATP consumption; however, in response to 10
      mM-magnesium, the intralenticular pH becomes alkalotic in conjunction with the
      decrease in intralenticular ATP levels. The demonstration that high extracellular
      magnesium concentrations significantly alter lens metabolite levels is
      presumptive evidence that lens metabolic activity may be modulated through
      cellular mechanisms involving magnesium-sensitive processes.

PMID- 6832231
TI  - The Emory mouse cataract: loss of soluble protein, glutathione, protein
      sulfhydryl and other changes.
AB  - The Emory mouse develops a late-appearing hereditary cataract having many
      characteristics which suggest its usefulness as an animal model for human senile
      cataract. This paper presents some results of analyses designed to determine
      biochemical changes associated with initiation and development of the cataract.
      The measurements carried out include water-soluble and water-insoluble protein,
      glutathione, protein sulfhydryl, non-protein disulfide, sodium, potassium,
      calcium and free phosphate. The most useful and consistent index of cataract
      progression seems to be the conversion of soluble to insoluble protein, a change
      which in the normal aging mouse lens is accompanied by some conversion of total
      sulfhydryl to disulfide. Cataract development also produces a significant
      reduction in the glutathione concentration.

PMID- 6832230
TI  - The enzymatic estimation of organic hydroperoxides in the rat retina.
AB  - An enzymatic procedure for the estimation of organic hydroperoxides has been
      adapted to biological tissues and applied to the measurement of hydroperoxides in
      the rat retina. Hydroperoxides are determined from the coupled activities of
      glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as measured by the loss of NADPH
      absorbance. To minimize the effects of tissue catalyzed peroxide degradation,
      incubations were performed in the presence of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU); which inhibited the activity of retinal tissue glutathione
      reductase by 85%. For comparisons to the enzymatic technique, retinal tissue
      hydroperoxides were also estimated by the absorption of tissue extracts at 232
      nm. Using the enzymatic procedure the hydroperoxide concentration in whole retina
      homogenates was significantly higher in 19-day-old rats than in either 35-day or
      adult animals. Hydroperoxides in the retina of young rats exposed to light for
      one hour were significantly lower than in non-exposed controls, while in adult
      rats, following light, hydroperoxides increased 13%. Fractionation of rat retinas
      into crude ROS and retina minus ROS components revealed that the ROS fractions
      contain at least twice the hydroperoxide concentration of the remaining retina.
      The concentration of hydroperoxides in the ROS fractions from dark-reared rats
      were significantly lower than in cyclic-light-reared animals. In both types of
      rats, one hour intense light exposure resulted in an increase in ROS
      hydroperoxides but the increases were not significant. ROS hydroperoxides were
      also found to be 85-90% water soluble. Estimates of the retinal hydroperoxide
      content obtained by absorption at 232 nm gave similar results to the enzymatic
      technique, but the levels were significantly lower. When retinas were maintained
      in vitro for one hour before analysis, hydroperoxides determined by either
      technique were significantly higher than in retinas assayed immediately, but A232
      hydroperoxides were still significantly lower than hydroperoxides measured by the
      enzymatic procedure. It is concluded: (1) that the observed retinal hydroperoxide
      concentration depends upon animal age and the method of measurement; (2) that
      within the retina the photoreceptor cell contains at least a two-fold higher
      concentration of hydroperoxides than the remaining retina and that prior light
      history can affect those hydroperoxide levels (it appears that the photoreceptor
      cell is also a major site of hydroperoxide formation in the retina); (3) that
      during intense light exposure of short duration significant levels of
      hydroperoxides do not accumulate in the retinas of rats.

PMID- 6832232
TI  - Permeability of retinal pigment epithelial cell junctions in the dystrophic rat
      retina.
AB  - We have studied permeability of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell junctions
      in Royal College of Surgeons rats with inherited retinal degeneration, and their
      genetic controls, using the horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate electron
      microscope tracer techniques. We find that early in the dystrophic process, at
      two postnatal weeks in the pink-eyed retina and three postnatal weeks in the
      black-eyed retina, RPE cell tight junctions form a barrier to extracellular
      tracer. However, at three postnatal weeks in the pink-eyed retina, at about the
      same time that degenerating photoreceptor nuclei begin to appear, RPE cell tight
      junctions become permeable. The permeability increase occurs later in the black
      eyed strain, but by six postnatal weeks junctions are permeable in both strains.
      By 72 postnatal days, when most photoreceptor nuclei have disappeared, many RPE
      cells are abnormal in shape, with an elongated and flattened appearance, and some
      appear to have lost their junctions entirely. In the horseradish peroxidase
      experiments, many pinocytotic vesicles filled with reaction product were observed
      in the dystrophic RPE after the junctional breakdown. This suggests that an
      increase in transcellular transport may also occur in the dystrophic RPE.

PMID- 6832233
TI  - Amino acid transport and crystallin synthesis in the bovine lens.
AB  - Bovine lenses were incubated in a defined, bicarbonate-free culture medium (EMEM)
      and the kinetics of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis investigated. The
      kinetics were interpreted in terms of a simple multi-compartment model.
      [14C]tyrosine was found to be totally exchangeable in the incubated lens and the
      rate constant for the exponential increase in activity was 0 . 0175 hr-1. The
      rate of influx was markedly reduced by incubating in the presence of ouabain (10(
      5) M), which also caused a concomitant disturbance of the normal sodium and
      potassium distributions. The soluble proteins from the incubated lenses were
      fractionated on Sephadex G-200 and the rate of incorporation into the crystallins
      was shown to fall into two classes. The rate of synthesis of alpha and beta L
      crystallin was relatively rapid (rate constants approximately equal to 0 . 004 hr
      1), while the synthesis rates of beta H and beta S/gamma were both much slower (0
      . 001 hr-1). The efflux kinetics of [14C]tyrosine were determined and the rate of
      decrease of the free amino acid pool was identical to the rate of increase
      determined from an influx experiment. Hence the lenses are in a steady state with
      respect to free tyrosine throughout the incubation period (up to 160 hr). All
      classes of proteins continued to be synthesized during efflux experiments and
      there was no evidence for a breakdown of alpha or beta L crystallin during the
      time-course of these experiments. Ouabain slowed the rate of loss of tyrosine
      from the free amino acid pool, and this was interpreted in terms of an ouabain
      induced decrease in synthesis rate rather than as a decrease in efflux rate from
      the lens. There was in fact a very marked decrease in the incorporation of
      [14C]tyrosine into the alpha and beta L crystallins on exposure to ouabain, and
      this decrease was apparent before any change in activity in the amino acid pool.

PMID- 6832234
TI  - Concerning the radioiodination of rhodopsin.

PMID- 6832235
TI  - Further studies on a vitreous inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation.

PMID- 6832236
TI  - Physical and biological characterization of erythroblast enhancing factor (EEF),
      a late acting erythropoietic stimulator in serum distinct from erythropoietin.
AB  - A factor with erythropoietic stimulating activity but distinct from
      erythropoietin (Ep) has been identified in normal human and mouse serum. Like Ep
      this factor causes a significant increase in the amount of 59Fe incorporated into
      heme in short term cultures of mouse marrow cells. However, dose response studies
      show that it acts synergistically rather than additively with erythropoietin.
      This factor has been partially purified using Sephadex G150 and chromatofocusing,
      and appears to be a protein with a molecular weight of 130,000 daltons and an
      isoelectric point of 4.8. Colcemid and time course studies indicate that this
      stimulator acts late in erythroid differentiation, primarily on erythroblasts.
      Benzidine staining studies suggest it may increase 59Fe uptake in hemoglobin
      producing erythroblasts by enhancing their viability. Accordingly the term
      erythroblast enhancing factor (EEF) is proposed. Serum EEF levels have been found
      to be markedly reduced in polycythemic mice and EEF injected together with Ep
      into such animals has a synergistic effect in stimulating new red cell
      production. These findings strongly suggest that EEF acts as a positive regulator
      of terminal erythropoiesis in vivo.

PMID- 6832237
TI  - MG-1: a specificity identifying members of the macrophage and granulocyte
      lineages of mice.
AB  - An antigen (MG-1) which behaves as a lineage marker for immature granulocytes and
      cells of the monocytic series in mice is described. It is identified by rabbit
      anti-mouse brain antiserum, which has been exhaustively absorbed with thymocytes,
      red blood cells, and a Thy-1 negative variant of a T-cell lymphoma. MG-1 is
      present on immature granulocytes, declines in its surface expression as the cells
      differentiate and is absent from the most mature cells (segmented) of the series.
      Early monocytes are strongly positive for MG-1 and, with maturity, the amount of
      cell surface antigen increases. Adherent, phagocytic macrophages are brilliantly
      positive when stained with anti-MG-1 antiserum in an immunofluorescence assay.
      The antigen is present on most of the adherent cells of the lung, spleen and
      peritoneum. Many multipotential stem cells also express low levels of this
      antigen as do some bone marrow B cells.

PMID- 6832238
TI  - Adherent cell growth from murine bone marrow in liquid cultures. Inbred strain
      variability and effects of mutations affecting hemopoiesis.
AB  - The marrow cells of mice from seven hematologically normal strains (AKR/J,
      AKR/Cum, CBA/J, C3H/HeJ, C57B1/6J, DBA/2J, and RF/J) and of mice with five
      mutations in loci affecting hemopoiesis (W, Sl, nu, xid, NZB) were tested. The
      following parameters of adherent cell growth in 14 day liquid culture were
      analyzed: number and diameter of macroscopic adherent colonies, cellular
      composition with particular reference to the number of macrophage-like cells
      attached to a single fibroblast-like cell on peripheries of adherent colonies and
      the number of macrophage-like cells per eyefield of intercolony spaces. No
      qualitative differences were observed between tested genotypes in the cellular
      composition of adherent layers. These layers were uniformly made of colonies of
      fibroblast-like cells that were overgrown by macrophage-like cells. Macrophage
      like cells grew also in intercolony spaces but this never occurred to fibroblast
      like cells. At least using light microscopy and Wright's staining no
      morphological differences could be observed between either fibroblast-like cells
      or macrophage-like cells derived from marrow of various murine strains. This is
      of particular significance for Sl/Sld mice that suffer from the functional defect
      of hemopoietic microenvironment. On the other hand, large strain variability was
      observed in the number (5-16/10(6) marrow cells, 10.6 on the average) and
      diameter (1.9-3.7 mm, 2.9 mm on the average) of macroscopic adherent colonies.
      Among mutant genotypes, only NZB mice and animals with xid mutation formed
      significantly increased numbers of macroscopic colonies, while values for other
      mutant genotypes, Sl/Sld included, did not differ from normal littermate
      controls.

PMID- 6832240
TI  - Origins of hemopoietic and stromal cells in subcutaneous femur implants.
AB  - The origin of spleen colony-forming units (CFUs) and fibroblastoid colony-forming
      cells (CFUF) repopulating the marrow of femurs subcutaneously implanted in
      syngeneic and semi-syngeneic mice was studied by making use of a chromosome
      marker for CFUs and a cytotoxicity test for CFUF. The CFUs present in implants
      during first 4 weeks were of a mixture of those from the donor and the host, and
      thereafter, were exclusively of host origin. On the other hand, the colony growth
      of CFUF from the marrow of C57BL/6 femurs grafted in B6CBAF1 mice remained almost
      totally unaffected by treatment with C57BL/6 anti-B6CBAF1 serum as late as 40
      weeks after implantation. Quite similar results were obtained from the marrow
      depleted femur implants. It is concluded from the present studies that chimeric
      marrow consisting of hemopoietic cells of host origin and stromal cells of donor
      origin can repopulate the femurs within a matter of several weeks after
      subcutaneous implantation.

PMID- 6832239
TI  - Evaluation of reticuloendothelial function in autoimmune hemolytic anemia using
      an in vitro assay of monocyte-macrophage interaction with erythrocytes.
AB  - We have used an in vitro assay of monocyte-RBC interaction to study the
      correlation of in vitro monocyte activity with in vivo lysis in patients with
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). All of 16 patients with a positive direct
      antiglobulin test (DAT) (0.5 + to 4+) and clinical evidence of hemolysis showed
      elevated association (ARBC) and phagocytic (PRBC) indices. Of 6 patients studied
      with a positive DAT (0.5+ to 4+) without clinical evidence of hemolysis, none
      showed elevated PRBC while 2 showed slightly elevated ARBC. Thus, when using a
      PRBC index, our assay distinguished between hemolysing and non-hemolysing
      patients independent of the degree of red cell sensitization as determined by the
      DAT. In addition, we have studied 6 patients with a positive DAT following alpha
      methyldopa therapy. Two of these patients were hemolysing, 4 were not. Again, our
      assay correlated with in vivo lysis. Finally, we have studied red cells from 11
      patients with DAT-negative acquired hemolytic anemia. Seven of these patients
      showed elevated ARBC and PRBC indices, indicating a possible immune etiology
      involving extravascular lysis in some DAT-negative acquired hemolytic anemias.

PMID- 6832241
TI  - Erythropoietic response to hypoxia in mice with polycythemia induced by hypoxia
      or transfusion.

PMID- 6832242
TI  - Murine eosinophilopoiesis: dose-dependent response to soluble antigens of
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Initial and (or) subsequent exposures of animals to selected antigens result in
      impressive accumulations of eosinophil granulocytes at the site of challenge.
      When it has been studied, the exudation is accompanied by an increase in
      medullary eosinophilopoiesis. The medullary response is proportional to the
      amount of antigen used to induce the exudate as shown by responses to single
      challenge injections with graded doses of a soluble antigen preparation from
      schistosome eggs (SEA). Attempts were made to mimic the continuous antigen
      challenge of chronic schistosomiasis by use of osmotic minipumps and intermittent
      injections with SEA. These did not result in prolonged increases of marrow
      eosinophilopoiesis for reasons which remain unclear.

PMID- 6832243
TI  - Effects of thrombopoietin on the number and diameter of marrow megakaryocytes of
      mice.
AB  - A thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) from kidney cell
      culture medium was injected into mice, and the number and size of megakaryocytes
      in the bone marrow were determined. For controls, other mice were injected with
      saline, normal rabbit serum (NRS), or rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS).
      Both TSF and RAMPS caused significant (P less than 0.0005) increases in the
      number and diameter of marrow megakaryocytes 2-3 days later. Increases in average
      megakaryocyte number per high-powered field ranged from 30-191%, while increases
      in average megakaryocyte diameter in the same mice ranged from 17-45%. After
      applying the multiple counting correction factor, increases of 6-100% in the
      number of megakaryocytes were observed. Although the mice injected with RAMPS, to
      make them thrombocytopenic, showed greater increases in marrow megakaryocyte
      numbers and sizes than mice injected with TSF, the results demonstrate that TSF
      from kidney cell cultures stimulated megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 6832244
TI  - Studies on the role of serum in long-term bone marrow cell cultures.
AB  - The effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) concentration on hemopoiesis in long-term
      bone marrow cell cultures (supplemented with 10(-6) M hydrocortisone) was
      investigated. The duration of hemopoiesis was directly related to the
      concentration of serum in the cultures. At each concentration, marked differences
      were seen between different batches of FCS. The longevity of cultures established
      with a suboptimum concentration of serum was increased by the addition of HEPES
      buffer. Removal of all non-adherent cells and growth medium for the weekly
      feedings increased the overall production of hemopoietic cells when compared to
      the standard feeding procedure of replacing one-half of the growth medium.

PMID- 6832245
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside as a suicide agent for human colony forming cells.
AB  - The fractional reduction of cloning efficiency, otherwise known as in vitro
      suicide, produced by HU or 3H-TdR, is considered equivalent to the fraction of
      colony forming cells (CFC) in S phase and is used for the evaluation of
      proliferation in this population. The accuracy of both agents has been discussed.
      We tested cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on normal and pathological human bone
      marrow GM-CFC on different parameters. A plateau of concentrations between 1 and
      5 X 10(-6) M was found to be as effective as 3H-TdR in diminishing 7 to 9 day
      colonies. Ara-C solutions were equally effective up to 18 weeks of storage at 4
      degrees C; suicide levels were unchanged between 2 X 10(5) and 5 X 10(6)
      cells/ml; incubation with Ara-C was not critical between 1 and 2 h. Unlike HU,
      Ara-C does not require strict conditions of cell concentration, incubation time
      or extemporaneous preparation. Compared with 3H-TdR, Ara-C is easy to handle and
      does not show a decrease in cell cloning with the duration of the culture
      suggesting a prolonged action of the drug. Results on cell killing are comparable
      with the three drugs on day 7 to 9 colonies and we conclude that Ara-C is a
      reliable agent for suicide studies on human bone marrow GM-CFC.

PMID- 6832246
TI  - Cytotoxic reduction and regeneration of murine marrow stem cells.

PMID- 6832247
TI  - Granulocyte progenitor cell (CFUC) harvest by continuous apheresis in dogs.
      Effects of blood volume and lithium on yields.
AB  - The ability to harvest large amounts of hematopoietic stem cells from blood would
      eliminate the more difficult approach of bone marrow harvest. Unfortunately,
      concentration of stem cells in the blood compartment is less than 1% of their
      concentration in bone marrow. Attempts to increase harvest of blood stem cells,
      as assayed by granulocyte progenitor cells (CFUC), have been only partially
      successful. Our study confirms previous reports that CFUC can be mobilized into
      the blood compartment in dogs, but this mobilization is rate-limited. Unlike
      platelets and granulocytes that are effectively harvested during the first blood
      volume processed by continuous apheresis, effective CFUC harvest begins during
      the second blood volume (606 +/- 97.9 CFUC/ml), peaks by the third (740 +/- 30
      CFUC/ml), and remains constant through five blood volumes processed (700 +/- 272
      CFUC/ml). Since blood CFUC concentration falls at the end of five blood volumes
      processed (40% of initial values), further continuous apheresis would not be
      effective. Treatment of animals with lithium did not improve CFUC harvest. These
      results show that apheresis procedures can be developed to a limited extent to
      increase the harvest of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells.

PMID- 6832248
TI  - Mechanical ventilation in severe exacerbation of asthma. Study of 26 cases with
      six deaths.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out in 26 patients intubated and mechanically
      ventilated for severe exacerbation of asthma. The age of onset of asthma and the
      duration of disease showed wide variations, but most of the patients were women
      in their fifties with chronic asthma. However, 23% had the more benign
      intermittent course. Most patients had a prodromal period of several days with
      progressive deterioration. Eight patients developed sudden attacks, in three of
      them aspirin-intolerance was responsible, in two patients emotional disturbances
      could play some role as triggering factors, and in three other patients no
      obvious reason was found. Identification of factors responsible for the sudden
      attacks may be relevant to the management of these severe cases. The majority of
      patients were intubated immediately on arrival or during the first hours after
      admission. Deaths were related to complications produced by hypoxia, or
      hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Probably many of these patients would
      not have died if an appropriate steroid treatment had been given some days
      before.

PMID- 6832249
TI  - Airway response of asthmatics to carbachol and to deep inspiration.
AB  - Dose-response curves were established in asthmatics by using graded doses of
      aerosolized carbachol and specific airway conductance (SGaw) measurements. After
      carbachol inhalation, we evaluated the influence on SGaw of a deep inspiration to
      total lung capacity followed by a passive expiration to functional residual
      capacity. When SGaw had returned to its pre-deep-inspiration value, forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was obtained. Two groups of patients were
      selected according to the effect of deep inspiration on SGaw: group A (22
      patients) with a less than 25% SGaw increase after deep inspiration, and group B
      (21 patients) with a more than 75% SGaw increase. Both groups were comparable in
      age and initial SGaw and FEV1 values. Carbachol inhalation induced a similar SGaw
      decrease in both groups, whereas FEV1 decreased more (p less than 0.05) in group
      A than in group B. The two groups did not differ significantly regarding the dose
      of carbachol causing a 25% SGaw decrease and in the slope of the dose-response
      curve. We conclude that, in asthmatic patients, airway response to an inhaled
      broncho-constrictor agent is not related to the airway response to deep
      inspiration. This suggests that previous studies of airway response to
      bronchoconstrictor agents which have been performed by using only FEV1
      measurements, may need to be reassessed.

PMID- 6832250
TI  - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Report of four cases.
AB  - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare abnormality, characterised by
      the presence of polyps in the trachea and main bronchi; these polyps consist of
      cartilaginous and/or osseous metaplastic tissue. The clinical findings in four
      patients are described. The pathogenesis is unknown. Treatment is usually not
      indicated and the prognosis is good. Where there is significant obstruction of
      the airways, endoscopic removal seems to be the treatment of choice.

PMID- 6832251
TI  - Mediastinal angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia with systemic manifestations.
AB  - This case report concerns a 19-year-old girl with a mediastinal angiofollicular
      lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman tumour), with histological aspects of both
      hyalin vascular and plasma cell type. Systemic manifestations were also noticed.
      A lymphocytic infiltration of the bone marrow and a change in the lactic
      dehydrogenase iso-enzyme pattern with an increase of LDH3 were noted. After
      surgical removal of the mediastinal tumour complete recovery and normalisation of
      biological abnormalities occurred.

PMID- 6832252
TI  - Leucocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and necrotizing pneumonia.

PMID- 6832253
TI  - Evaluation of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph in man.
AB  - We evaluated the respiratory inductive plethysmograph, (RIP), during tidal
      breathing in eight men and seven women. This device measures movements of the rib
      cage and abdomen during breathing and adds the signals to produce an indirect
      record of ventilation. We recorded on magnetic tape, the rib and abdominal
      signals separately, with a simultaneous ventilation measurement from a
      pneumotachograph, and analysed them later using a digital computer. One method of
      calibration, the simultaneous equation technique, was considered in detail.
      Agreement between the combined RIP signal and a simultaneous ventilation record
      was normally within 25% except where the calibration was unsatisfactory or the
      breathing pattern was irregular. The reproducibility of measurements made 5 min
      apart was good overall, but some subjects showed marked variability. An
      alternative calibration method which derives indirect isovolume relationships was
      also examined, but was found to give very erratic results. The most serious error
      was the alinearity of the rib and abdominal signals, and the problem of
      describing thoracic movement using only two sensing elements. We conclude that
      the RIP is a convenient monitor of ventilation during regular tidal breathing,
      but that it is not quantitative.

PMID- 6832254
TI  - Diagnostic relevance of the modified RAST using D epsilon 2 specific anti-IgE
      antibodies.
AB  - In 439 consecutive patients with reversible bronchial obstruction, commercial
      RAST and provocation inhalation tests were performed, resulting in 985 paired
      observations. In 405 of these, obtained before November 1977 when the old RAST
      technique was applied, RAST showed a high specificity (87%) but low sensitivity
      (29%) in predicting the result of provocation tests. However, in 580 subsequent
      paired observations RAST, using D epsilon 2 specific anti-IgE antibodies
      (modified technique), was both specific (78%) and sensitive (77%). In this way
      the mean of specificity and sensitivity, which was called "mean recognition", was
      better with the modified technique (78%) than with the old one (58%). RAST was
      equally indicative in patients showing either early, biphasic or late bronchial
      reactions after inhalation of the allergen. The predictive properties of the
      patients' histories, skin tests and RAST with respect to inhalation-provocation
      studies were compared. In general, histories were fairly specific but poorly
      sensitive, and skin tests were sensitive but not specific. RAST (modified
      version) was both specific and sensitive, but did not exceed a mean recognition
      of 78%.

PMID- 6832255
TI  - Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) involve trigeminothalamic and
      spinothalamic neurones in the rat.
AB  - Fifty-eight lumbar dorsal horn and trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurones which
      could be activated by both innocuous and noxious peripheral stimuli have been
      recorded in the anaesthetized rat. Using transcutaneous electrical stimulation to
      produce A and C fibre activity in these neurones from the hindpaw or facial
      receptive fields the ability of a distant noxious (mechanical or thermal)
      stimulus applied to the nose, tail, ears and paws to inhibit the neuronal
      activity was demonstrated. These effects have been termed diffuse noxious
      inhibitory controls (DNIC). DNIC produced powerful long-lasting inhibitions on
      all units studied in accordance with our previous results. Approximately 40% of
      these convergent neurones could be antidromically activated from the
      contralateral ventrobasal thalamus. Similar neuronal characteristics, effects of
      DNIC and proportions of projection cells were found in both the dorsal horn and
      trigeminal complex. However, the spinothalamic tract cells conducted more rapidly
      than the trigeminothalamic neurones. These results indicate that DNIC can produce
      comparable effects on the thalamic representation of the efferent activity of
      these spinal cord and trigeminal neurones. The possible role of DNIC in
      nociception is discussed.

PMID- 6832256
TI  - The distribution of centrifugal terminals in the pigeon retina.
AB  - The terminals of the centrifugal fibres of the pigeon retina have been labelled
      by anterograde axonal transport or diffusion of horseradish peroxidase, and their
      distribution studied in whole amounts of the retina. Centrifugal terminal
      arborisations are concentrated in a band near the projection of the horizontal
      meridian on the retina. Within this band there are high density areas next to the
      area centralis and in the mid-temporal retina. The arborisations are largely
      absent from the red field and are nearly randomly arrayed. Their distribution
      resembles that of the displaced ganglion cells but not of other retinal neurons.
      We estimate that approximately 7,000 centrifugal terminal arborisations are
      present in each retina. Approximately two-thirds of these are convergent, with
      branches ending in large terminals clustered around a single cell in the amacrine
      sublayer; often penetrating up to 10 microns into the inner nuclear layer. The
      remainder are divergent endings which innervate a larger area of retina with
      widely spaced small terminals about 1 micron in diameter. Possible synaptic
      contacts between centrifugal terminals and displaced ganglion cells are
      occasionally seen; these contacts and the similarity in distribution suggest a
      link between the centrifugal and accessory optic systems.

PMID- 6832257
TI  - The role of canal-neck interaction for the perception of horizontal trunk and
      head rotation.
AB  - The present report considers the conscious perception of passive horizontal
      rotations of the trunk, the head, or both, by human observers. It examines in
      particular how this perception depends on the interaction of canal and neck
      afferents. Three sets of sinusoidal stimulations (0.2 Hz) were applied to
      subjects (Ss): Rotations of (1) whole body (pure labyrinthine stimuli, lambda),
      of (2) only the trunk with the head stationary in space (pure neck stimuli, nu),
      and of (3) both head and trunk, each with an amplitude and a direction of its
      own, giving rise to various in-phase and counter phase combinations of lambda and
      nu.--The Ss were to estimate the magnitude of their turning sensations (psi). In
      doing so, they were to concentrate either on the rotation of their trunk in space
      (TS) or of their head in space (HS), or of the head relative to the trunk (HT).
      The TS and HS turning sensations induced by pure lambda-stimuli were essentially
      the same as to magnitude and direction. Pure nu-stimulation also led to TS and HS
      turning sensations. However, the former had the direction of the trunk-to-head (T
      delta S) deflection, the latter that of the head-to-trunk deflection. The nu
      induced HS turning sensation represented an illusion, since the head remained
      stationary in space. When the lambda- and nu-stimuli were combined, the
      interaction could be described by a linear summation of their effects. The
      estimates of TS turning followed the equation psi HS approximately lambda-nu,
      thus well reflecting the actual TS rotation. The estimates of HS could be
      described by psi HS approximately lambda+k nu; the term k nu represents the "nu
      illusion" contaminating the HS turning sensation. The estimates of HT turning
      were roughly proportional to nu alone and, therefore, close to the actual HT
      rotation. We conclude that humans may derive a rather faithful information about
      trunk rotation from the combined activation of canal and neck afferents, but that
      the sensation of passive head rotation is contaminated by an (illusionary)
      contribution from neck afferents. These additive and subtractive modes of
      interaction have parallels in postural reflexes as well as in neuronal responses
      that are known from cat.

PMID- 6832258
TI  - Dendro-dendritic synapses in substantia nigra: descriptions based on analysis of
      serial sections.
AB  - Dendro-dendritic synapses were studied in serial sections of rat substantia nigra
      in subjects pretreated with intraventricularly administered 5-hydroxydopamine, a
      monoaminergic synaptic label. These synapses had symmetrical membrane thickenings
      and small clusters of heavily labeled pleomorphic vesicles in the presynaptic
      dendrites, which were assumed to extend from the dopaminergic cells of pars
      compacta. Dendro-dendritic synapses were seen in the pars compacta of the
      substantia nigra, but were not found in blocks trimmed to include only the
      nondopaminergic pars reticulata. The presynaptic dendrites did not receive other
      synapses near the sites of dendro-dendritic synapses. These dendrites were
      frequently apposed to other dendrites for long distances with no intervening
      glial processes. In many cases, several adjacent dendro-dendritic contacts were
      made by a single presynaptic dendrite onto several different postsynaptic
      dendrites. Presynaptic dendrites did not participate in reciprocal synapses,
      serial synapses, or dendro-axonic synapses. Presynaptic and postsynaptic
      dendrites engaged in dendro-dendritic synaptic contact were of similar appearance
      and both had cross-sectional diameters of 0.23-1.9 microns. In several cases,
      label could also be detected in the postsynaptic dendrite in cisternae of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, providing evidence for dendro-dendritic synapses between
      dopaminergic neurons. Release of dopamine from dopaminergic dendrites and their
      role in the control of neuronal activity in substantial nigra are discussed.

PMID- 6832259
TI  - Responses of elbow extensors to landing forces during jump downs in cats.
AB  - Forces and displacements at the elbow joint have been related to EMG responses of
      flexor and extensor muscles during landing from jump downs at heights of 1.2 m to
      0.6 m in five cats. Prelanding EMG activity consisted of two prelanding extensor
      bursts. Onset of both bursts was constant across all jump heights with reference
      to landing and not to take-off, occurring on average 73 +/- 12 ms and 17 +/- 8 ms
      prior to ground contact for the lateral triceps. Post-landing EMG activity was
      less than prelanding activity and was often packaged in three bursts, occurring
      on average at 18 +/- 6, 34 +/- 8 and 50 +/- 9 ms after touchdown. Other
      measurements from extensor EMG including burst duration and integrated activity
      pre- and post-landing were also invariant. Across jump heights, maximum flexion
      angular velocity and elbow displacement were reached on average 28 +/- 5 and 85
      +/- 7 ms postlanding, respectively. Although vertical (y) and horizontal (x)
      ground reaction forces increased with jump height, torque values at the elbow
      joint were not significantly different and were small in magnitude. At landing an
      animal typically experienced a 20 ms flexor torque (0.3 Nm/kg b.wt.) followed by
      an extensor torque (0.4 Nm/kg b.wt.) that continued for the major portion of
      elbow flexion. The temporal constancy of the kinematic and kinetic data and EMG
      activity across jump heights suggests that a generalized motor program can be
      used to activate extensor muscles at the elbow joint during the prelanding phase
      of self-initiated jumps. Since the onset of extensor activity is related to
      landing rather than to take-off, it is hypothesized that this activity is
      triggered by visual cues rather than by vestibular reflexes. After impact,
      adjustments for slight differences in post-landing torque about the elbow may be
      accomplished by intrinsic properties of the activated muscle as well as through
      segmental reflexes.

PMID- 6832261
TI  - Tactile discrimination of gratings.
AB  - Human subjects were required to differentiate grating surfaces of alternating
      grooves and ridges by moving a finger back and forth across the surface. Their
      discriminative capacities were measured, as well as the movement and force
      profiles that they selected. To measure discrimination, a forced choice paradigm
      was used in which three surfaces were presented on each trial. Two surfaces were
      the same (standards) and the subject was required to indicate which of the three
      surfaces (the comparison) differed from the other two. Two series of surfaces
      were used with standards whose spatial periods were 770 and 1002 mu,
      respectively. Subjects were able to discriminate, at the 75% correct level, two
      gratings which differed in spatial period by the order of 5%. When tangential
      movement between the surface and the finger was eliminated, and only radial
      contact permitted, discrimination was degraded and the 75% correct levels
      increased to the order of 10%. Subjects were free to choose their own patterns of
      finger movement and of contact force between finger and surface. Movement was
      measured cinematographically. For all subjects movement patterns were close to
      sinusoidal, with frequencies in the range of 4.0 Hz and with mean velocities of
      the order of 160 mm/s. Patterns of contact force were measured by a force
      transducer. For all subjects the force varied rhythmically in synchrony with
      movement, but the patterns and magnitudes varied with the subject. Gratings were
      scaled for perceived roughness by a magnitude estimation technique: the
      relationship between perceived roughness and grating period was monotonic.

PMID- 6832260
TI  - Spatial distribution of individual medial lemniscal axons in the thalamic
      ventrobasal complex of the cat.
AB  - Neurons responding to deep or cutaneous stimuli are situated in different parts
      of the ventrobasal complex. Within the cutaneous region elongated clusters of
      cells with common place and modality properties project to single columns in the
      somatic sensory cortex. The present study sought to determine to what extent
      single lemniscal axons contribute terminals to different regions and to different
      cell clusters. Lemniscal axons, anterogradely labelled by horseradish peroxidase
      injected into the medial lemniscus of cats were examined light and electron
      microscopically. Labelled axons bore one or two, mainly anteroposteriorly
      oriented, terminal ramifications. These ramifications were relatively small when
      compared to the length of the complex. Some of the axons bore one or two
      collaterals that ascended towards the dorsal edge of the complex and formed an
      additional small ramification there. Electron microscopic analyses of labelled
      lemniscal axons provided further evidence to that already available that most of
      their boutons synapse on proximal dendrites of relay neurons and on presynaptic
      dendrites, presumably belonging to interneurons. A concurrent study of Golgi
      impregnated ventrobasal neurons showed three morphological types all with
      dendritic fields of similar extent. From measurements of the lemniscal terminal
      ramifications and the counting of counterstained cells it was calculated that 50
      120 neurons may receive input from a single terminal ramification. However,
      because of the restricted extent of the ramifications, the elongated clusters of
      cells projecting to a single cortical column probably receive input from multiple
      lemniscal axons and not all members of the cluster receive inputs from the same
      axons.

PMID- 6832263
TI  - Evidence for the presence of PS-OFF neurons in the ventromedial medulla oblongata
      of freely moving cats.
AB  - Recordings were made from 24 "PS-OFF" neurons, characterized by a slow rhythmic
      discharge rate during waking the slow wave sleep and a marked decrease in the
      firing rate during paradoxical sleep, in the ventromedial medulla oblongata of
      freely moving cats. These neurons were located in either the nuclei raphe magnus
      and pallidus or the neighboring reticular formation where serotonin-containing
      neurons are found in the cat. Two types of medullary PS-OFF neurons are
      described, and the descending projection and slow conduction velocity of some of
      these neurons are demonstrated.

PMID- 6832264
TI  - Diaminobenzidine peroxidase in rat brain.
AB  - Peroxidase has several roles in each organ. In neural tissue, it is considered
      from pathological examination to be related to the aging process. To study
      biochemically the presence of peroxidase, diaminobenzidine was used as the
      hydrogen donor and the enzyme was partially purified from rat brain and
      characterized. Diaminobenzidine peroxidase was purified 670-fold from the
      original homogenate. The presence of p-phenylenediamine and guaiacol peroxidase
      was not detected in either the crude homogenate or the partially purified
      fraction. The possible presence of isozyme(s) in peroxidase was implied and this
      may be related to the physiologic differences in organs.

PMID- 6832262
TI  - Characterization of lactogen binding sites in choroid plexus.
AB  - Prolactin binding sites have been demonstrated previously in rat choroid plexus
      using in vivo radioautography (Walsh et al. 1978). In the present study we have
      employed this procedure to characterize further the binding specificity of these
      sites. Following the injection of 125I-hGH or 125I-oPRL an intense
      radioautographic reaction was observed over the choroid plexus. The reaction was
      significantly reduced by coinjecting excess unlabeled hGH or oPRL but not bGH.
      The specific binding of 125I-oPRL to choroid plexus from rat, rabbit, sheep and
      pig was demonstrated by in vitro assays. Subsequently a survey of 125I-oPRL
      specific binding in a number of regions of pig brain indicated that the highest
      binding was in choroid plexus. A detailed study of the characteristics of 125I
      oPRL binding to pig choroid plexus was undertaken. Specific binding increased
      with choroid plexus homogenate protein to a maximum of 30% (3.0 mg protein/tube).
      Binding was maximum at 4 degrees C by 30-40 h of incubation. During the
      incubation the integrity of 125I-oPRL in the incubation medium declined steadily
      to 50% after 20 h and 35-40% after 48 h. Radioactivity eluted from binding sites
      was fully intact as judged by rebinding to lactogen receptor-enriched membranes.
      Binding showed a broad pH optimum of 5.5-7.5. On cell fractionation of choroid
      plexus binding sites were enriched in microsomes. The binding of 125I-oPRL and
      125I-hGH was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by unlabeled lactogens and was
      of high affinity. hGH and oPRL were equipotent inhibitors of the binding of both
      radioligands whereas bGH and a variety of structurally unrelated peptides were
      non-inhibitory.

PMID- 6832268
TI  - Distribution of cells of origin of the corticotrigeminal projections to the
      nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal complex in the cat. A horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) study.
AB  - The cortical distribution of cells of origin of the corticotrigeminal projections
      to the nucleus caudalis of the cat was examined using the method of retrograde
      axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After injections of HRP into
      the nucleus caudalis, labeled cells were distributed densely in the anterior
      suprasylvian gyrus, the coronal gyrus, and the ventral part of the anterior
      sigmoid gyrus, and moderately in the rostral part of the anterior ectosylvian
      gyrus on the contralateral side. In the anterior suprasylvian gyrus, the
      distribution extended rostrocaudally from the lateral ansate sulcal level to
      about 4.0 mm caudal to this level and mediolaterally throughout the convex of the
      anterior suprasylvian gyrus. All cortical labeled cells were pyramidal cells of
      various sizes in layer V.

PMID- 6832269
TI  - Effect of graded ligature compression on nerve conduction.
AB  - It has been reported that compression over a 12-mm nerve segment in vitro (rubber
      cuff) or over a 5-cm nerve segment in vivo (using a blood pressure cuff) produces
      conduction block in large myelinated A fibers before affecting small unmyelinated
      C fibers. It was concluded that large fibers are more sensitive to compression
      than are small C fibers. We found, however, when a nerve in vitro was compressed
      over a short segment (0.5 to 1 mm) using a ligature technique, conduction in
      small unmyelinated C fibers is blocked before conduction in large myelinated A
      fibers. These findings have some clinical implications.

PMID- 6832266
TI  - Is limb immobilization a model of muscle disuse?

PMID- 6832267
TI  - Sprouting of noradrenergic fibers in hippocampus after medial septal lesions:
      contributions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
AB  - The neuronal sprouting of noradrenergic fibers was studied in the hippocampal
      formation. The extent and time course of lesion-induced plasticity of both
      central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons was determined by assaying
      norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and high-affinity [3H]NE uptake in the dentate
      gyrus at 2 to 16 weeks after medial septal lesions. Two weeks after a medial
      septal lesion there was a dramatic decrease in dentate NE. During the subsequent
      weeks normal concentrations of dentate NE were reestablished. The recovery or
      increase of NE with time reflected a contribution from both central and
      peripheral noradrenergic systems. Although both central and peripheral
      noradrenergic systems contributed to this recovery, they did so in very different
      ways. The time course of the central noradrenergic response was slower than that
      of the peripheral system and the final NE concentrations were quite different for
      the two systems. The central adrenergic system's sprouting response apparently
      stabilized when normal NE concentrations were attained, whereas the ingrowth of
      peripheral sympathetic fibers continued to concentrations that were well above
      normal unoperated levels. The findings have implications in relationship to the
      different possible controlling mechanisms governing neuronal plasticity of the
      central and peripheral noradrenergic systems.

PMID- 6832270
TI  - Plasticity in the nucleus gracilis of the rat.

PMID- 6832271
TI  - Cathodal versus anodal stimulation within the preoptic-suprachiasmatic region in
      male rats: effects on the release of prolactin and luteinizing hormone.
AB  - The relative efficiency for the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin
      after anodal and cathodal stimulation applied within the preoptic-suprachiasmatic
      region (POA-SCH) was studied in adult male rats under pentobarbital anesthesia.
      Single monopolar pulses 0.5 ms duration, 100 or 200 microA intensity, were
      applied within the dorsal [vertical (V) 7.3] or ventral (V 7.8 to 7.9) aspects of
      the POA-SCH at a mean rate of 10 Hz in 30-s trains every other 30 s for a period
      of 30 min. Blood samples were obtained at 30-min intervals starting immediately
      before onset of stimulation. Although there were no obvious effect on plasma LH
      titers, prolactin concentrations tended to be higher when cathodal stimulation
      was applied at V 7.9 and when anodal pulses were applied at V 7.3. Stimulation
      with paired twin pulses (1.0 ms duration, 20.0 ms intrapair interval) resulted in
      clearer hormonal effects, namely, a significant increase in plasma prolactin
      concentration at 30 min only when cathodal stimuli were applied to the ventral
      aspect of the POA-SCH. Plasma LH concentrations were higher also at 30 min in the
      same experimental group, although the increase was not statistically significant.
      These results indicate the effectiveness of cathodal stimuli to induce hormonal
      release when applied within the ventral half of the POA-SCH in male rats. Present
      results suggest the existence of predominantly facilitatory neural elements for
      the release of prolactin (and LH) in this brain region.

PMID- 6832265
TI  - Conditioning of single units in visual association cortex: cell-specific behavior
      within a small population.
AB  - These experiments examine the interrelationships between the activity of adjacent
      neurons during learning. Does learning depend on coherent behavior in a
      population of neurons or does it depend on particular neurons engaging in a
      particular activity at specific times? A second purpose was to examine
      specificity in response modification as a function of reinforcement contingency.
      Cells from visual association cortex of locally anesthetized, paralyzed cats and
      rabbits were studied with extracellular microelectrodes capable of recording
      single and multiunit activity, as well as local field potentials. Multiunit
      records were fractionated by amplitude "windows" discrimination. Pavlovian
      discriminative conditioning procedures were used to evaluate selective
      plasticity. Cells that were activated by at least two different visual stimuli
      were selected. Only one of the effective stimuli was paired with foot-shock
      (reinforcement). Of the 180 cells or cell clusters studied, 27% exhibited
      conditioned modification to the reinforced stimulus (CS+) and 19% changed their
      response pattern to the unreinforced stimulus (CS-). None of the well isolated
      cells showed conditioning to both CS+ and CS-. Thus, cellular plasticity was
      specific to reinforcement contingency. These results provide a first
      demonstration of reinforcement-dependent functional distinctiveness at the
      neuronal level. Some cells showed no alteration of response pattern despite a
      most prolonged conditioning procedure. Neighboring cells, responsive to the same
      stimuli, revealed increases or decreases in firing rate, selective changes in the
      latency or amplitude of single response peaks, or the appearance of one or more
      new peaks as a function of conditioning. Rarely did adjacent cells show the same
      type of alteration when alteration occurred; there was no general tendency toward
      coherent firing patterns as conditioning proceeded.

PMID- 6832272
TI  - Reduction of miniature end-plate potential amplitude in extraocular and limb
      muscles in an animal model of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) amplitudes of the superior oblique
      extraocular muscle (EOM) and forelimb flexor digitorum longus muscle (FDL) of
      rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) were expressed as
      reductions from mean MEPP amplitudes of the respective muscles of pair-matched
      control animals. Postjunctional blockade of neuromuscular transmission at EOM end
      plates was no greater than at limb muscle end-plates. In contrast, the amount of
      reduction measured in EAMG-affected FDLs (52.3%) was marginally, but
      significantly, greater than that in EOMs (38.3%). A weak correlation was present
      between the MEPP reduction observed in an animal's FDL and that recorded in its
      EOM.

PMID- 6832273
TI  - Effects of lesions in some basal ganglia nuclei and efferent projections on
      tremorine-induced limb rigidity in rats.
AB  - A mechanical apparatus was used to measure in rats the effects of some unilateral
      basal ganglia lesions on the hind-limb rigidity produced by the cholinomimetic
      compound, tremorine. A globus pallidus lesion reduced the resting tone and
      greatly increased rigidity in the contralateral leg. Lesions in the
      entopeduncular, subthalamic, and accumbens nuclei had no effects on rigidity,
      although the entopeduncular nucleus lesion reduced resting limb tone. The role of
      the globus pallidus in rigidity is significant in relation to work in which
      striatal lesions abolished tremorine-induced rigidity. Some brain regions that
      receive basal ganglia efferent fibers received a lesion unilaterally. Lesions in
      the substantia nigra, red nucleus, or pedunculopontine nucleus had no effect on
      tremorine-induced rigidity. A habenular lesion significantly reduced rigidity in
      both hind legs. Very pronounced reductions in rigidity occurred after midbrain
      lesions involving the central periaqueductal grey region and the superior
      colliculus. The basal ganglia output pathways that may mediate tremorine rigidity
      are discussed, together with the possibility that the superior colliculus, which
      has many muscarinic receptors, may be influenced directly by tremorine.

PMID- 6832274
TI  - Mitochondrial calcium content and oxidative phosphorylation in heart and skeletal
      muscle of dystrophic mice.
AB  - Mitochondrial calcium overloading was investigated in the genetically dystrophic
      mouse (strains 129/ReJ dy/dy) as a possible contributing factor to the
      development of muscle fiber necrosis. Mitochondrial calcium concentrations were
      significantly elevated in both skeletal muscle and heart organelles. Because
      mitochondria were isolated in the presence of ruthenium red this finding was not
      the result of an artefact of isolation. State 3 respiration rates and
      concomitantly the respiratory control ratios were slightly decreased in skeletal
      muscle, but not in heart mitochondria. This abnormality could result from calcium
      overloading in a small fraction of the mitochondria. Fractionation of skeletal
      muscle mitochondria on sucrose gradients gave two distinct populations of
      dystrophic organelles, one with high calcium, whereas normal skeletal muscle
      mitochondria and heart organelles showed only one broad band on the gradient. The
      results support the idea that both skeletal muscle and heart are affected in
      dystrophic mice, strain 129/ReJ dy/dy and also that in the dystrophic mouse the
      process of cell necrosis is associated with cellular calcium overloading.

PMID- 6832275
TI  - Age-dependent effects of acoustic deprivation on spherical cells of the rat
      anteroventral cochlear nucleus.
AB  - The effects of monaural deprivation by ligation of the external auditory meatus
      on spherical cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the rat were
      examined. Sound deprivation from postnatal days 10, 16, 24, and 36 resulted in a
      reduction in spherical cell size, with the most dramatic reduction produced by
      deprivation at 10 and 16 days after birth. The anteroventral cochlear nucleus was
      subdivided into dorsal, middle, and ventral zones which generally correspond to
      different frequency representations, and the effects of deprivation on cells in
      these regions were examined. Cells in the dorsal zone of the anteroventral
      cochlear nucleus were significantly smaller than cells in the middle or ventral
      zones, thus indicating a position-dependent effect of acoustic deprivation. Our
      results suggest a sensitive period during which alterations in normal acoustic
      input can significantly and differentially affect the development of cells in the
      anteroventral cochlear nucleus.

PMID- 6832277
TI  - Fasciola hepatica: effects of diamfenetide free amine on in vitro physiology,
      biochemistry, and morphology.
AB  - Short-term (1-3 hr) incubations in vitro of immature and adult Fasciola hepatica
      with 10(-4) to 10(-5) M free amine of diamfenetide (DPT-FA) demonstrated a
      time/dose-dependent, irreversible paralysis that involved an increase in muscular
      tension and decrease in contraction amplitude. The following events occurred
      preceding or concomitant with the paralysis: influx of Na+, decrease in surface
      membrane potential, increase in wet weight, swellings on the ventral surface, and
      inhibition of 3-O-methyl glucose transport. These events were all consistent with
      a disturbance in surface membrane functions. The effects of DPT-FA were more
      severe in immature flukes (3-5 weeks postinfection) than adults which agrees with
      observed in vivo efficacy.

PMID- 6832276
TI  - Field-potential evidence for extrasynaptic alterations in the hippocampal CA1
      pyramidal cell population during paired-pulse potentiation.
AB  - The mechanisms of paired-pulse potentiation of the CA1 pyramidal cell population
      were examined by determining input-output relations for control and potentiated
      responses originating from the activation of radiatum fibers in the hippocampal
      slice preparation. Two types of potentiation for synchronously discharging
      pyramidal cells (population spike) were observed. In the first type, the
      potentiation of the population spike was found to be a combination of synaptic
      and extrasynaptic factors. This form of potentiation was observed in 16 of 28
      slices. In the second type, the potentiation of the population spike was
      attributed entirely to the potentiation of summated dendritic depolarizations
      (population EPSP). This synaptic process of potentiation was observed in 12 of 28
      slices. The involvement of only extrasynaptic mechanisms in the paired-pulse
      potentiation of the population spike was not observed. For the potentiation
      originating from a combination of synaptic and extrasynaptic mechanisms, 60% of
      the potentiation of the population spike was a result of synaptic factors and 40%
      could be attributed to extrasynaptic factors. These results support the concept
      that alterations in the excitability of postsynaptic neurons serve as a component
      of the mechanisms of paired-pulse potentiation in the radiatum fiber-CA1
      pyramidal cell system.

PMID- 6832278
TI  - Oesophagostomum radiatum: glucose metabolism of larvae grown in vitro and adults
      grown in vivo.
AB  - Larval stages of Oesophagostomum radiatum grown in vitro and adults grown in vivo
      were incubated in complex media or in a simple salt solution containing
      radioactive glucose. Glucose disappearance and end product accumulation of third
      stage larvae in a simple salt solution indicated that they excreted CO2 and
      acetic, propionic, and lactic acids. Larvae in third molt, fourth stage, and
      adults all excreted CO2, acetic, propionic, and lactic acids at twice the rate of
      third-stage larvae plus an additional product, methylbutyric acid. Carbon dioxide
      arose primarily from the 3 or 4 carbons of glucose. An anaerobic atmosphere (95%
      N2:5% CO2) had no apparent effect on metabolism. When incubation was done in
      complex media, isobutyric and 3-methylbutyric acids were seen as major excretion
      products (10 and 24%, respectively). However, these acids were quantitatively
      minor when incubations took place in simple salts-glucose medium (1 and 0-3%,
      respectively).

PMID- 6832279
TI  - Plasmodium gallinaceum: avian screen for drugs with radical curative properties.
AB  - Existing primary screens for radical curative antimalarial drugs fail to
      adequately detect many compounds which affect the latent, exoerythrocytic
      hypnozoite, the stage of the parasite responsible for relapse. At the same time,
      these screens falsely identify a wide range of compounds with no radical curative
      activity. The avian malaria, Plasmodium gallinaceum, and Aedes aegypti mosquitos
      were used in a screen which measures the effects of candidate compounds on
      gametocytes and their development within the mosquito. Sporontocidal and
      gametocytocidal effects could be differentiated by this screen. In a blind study,
      those compounds shown to be exclusively gametocytocidal were those same drugs
      which had previously been shown to have radical curative effects against true
      relapsing malarias. The chicken malaria gametocyte screen was more sensitive than
      the rodent screens in detecting useful compounds, with a minimum of false
      positive identifications.

PMID- 6832280
TI  - Taenia taeniaeformis: gastrointestinal hyperplasia in chronically infected rats.

PMID- 6832281
TI  - Leishmania mexicana: acid phosphatase ultrastructural cytochemistry of infected
      mouse macrophage cultures treated with phenazine methosulfate.
AB  - Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophage cultures infected with Leishmania mexicana
      amazonensis amastigotes were given a 2-hr pulse with 10 microM phenazine
      methosulfate (PMS), a cationic electron carrier which destroys the intracellular
      parasites. Cultures were fixed at different times after the PMS pulse and
      processed for the detection of acid phosphatase (AcP) activity at the electron
      microscopic level. Only a small proportion of nontreated, infected macrophages
      stained for AcP. In contrast, 2 to 6 hr after exposure to PMS, many infected
      cells displayed AcP-positive lysosomes and parasitophorous vacuoles. This
      increased AcP reactivity paralleled the reduction in the percentage of
      morphologically intact parasites. In addition, qualitative observations indicated
      that while nontreated infected cells contained only few recognizable lysosomes,
      the lysosomal complement noticeably increased a few hours after exposure to PMS.
      Most intact intracellular amastigotes were not stained, but damaged parasites
      were often positive for AcP. Twenty hours after the PMS pulse, the percentage of
      AcP-positive macrophages dropped to the levels initially present in noninfected
      cultures and all of the parasites were destroyed. Exposure of noninfected
      macrophages to PMS did not affect their AcP reactivity.

PMID- 6832282
TI  - Brugia malayi and B. pahangi: cultivation in vitro of infective larvae to the
      fourth and fifth stages.
AB  - Cultivation of fourth stage Brugia pahangi and B. malayi larvae from infective
      larvae (stage 3) were obtained in culture medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%
      human AB serum and an LCC-MK2 rhesus monkey kidney continuous cell line feeder
      layer. This culture system kept larvae alive in excess of 7 weeks, and served as
      a source for collection of the worms' secretory, excretory, and moulting
      antigens.

PMID- 6832283
TI  - Heterorhabditis spp., Neoaplectana spp., and Steinernema kraussei: interspecific
      and intraspecific differences in infectivity for insects.
AB  - The effectiveness of various dosages of different species/strains of nematodes
      was compared for Galleria mellonella and various pest insects that live in or
      pupate in soil. Neoaplectana feltiae (= carpocapsae), the only nematode species
      tested by most other workers, was never the most infective for any of the insect
      species tested and was least infective for two. All species/strains of nematode
      were able to kill insects of each species. The degree of infectivity of each of
      the nematode species/strains for different hosts varied considerably, and no one
      species/strain of nematode was the most infective for all insect species. This
      indicates the importance of testing a number of nematode species against any
      particular insect before commencing field evaluations for biological control.

PMID- 6832284
TI  - Neoaplectana species: specificity of association with bacteria of the genus
      Xenorhabdus.
AB  - Each of five Neoaplectana (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) species was cultured
      monoxenically with various Xenorhabdus (Eubacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae)
      isolates. The nematodes were usually able to reproduce when cultured with the
      bacterial symbiont of any one of the five Neoaplectana spp. but never with
      Xenorhabdus luminescens, symbiotic with Heterorhabditis spp., or with the
      Xenorhabdus sp. isolated from an undescribed steinernematid species. Only
      Neoaplectana bibionis could be cultured with the Xenorhabdus symbiont of
      Steinernema kraussei. A high proportion of infectives were able to carry within
      their intestine X. nematophilus isolated from other strains of the same nematode
      species; a small proportion of infectives were able to carry X. nematophilus
      isolated from other nematode species.

PMID- 6832285
TI  - Cerebral decarboxylation of meta- and para-tyrosine.
AB  - The decarboxylase inhibitor DL-alpha-monofluoromethyldopa reduces, in a dose
      dependent manner, the concentration of striatal p-tyramine in the mouse.
      Homovanillic acid is also significantly reduced. Conversely, this treatment
      increases the m-tyramine concentration. Administration of m-tyrosine produces
      large increases in m-tyramine and a slight decrease in p-tyramine; these changes
      are potentiated in the presence of the decarboxylase inhibitor. Such data along
      with other recently published results permit the conclusion that m-tyramine
      arises from phenylalanine via m-tyrosine and that p-tyramine arises by
      decarboxylation of p-tyrosine. Both these reactions are closely related to the
      activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and the availability of appropriate substrates.

PMID- 6832286
TI  - Human lactotransferrin: molecular, functional and evolutionary comparisons with
      human serum transferrin and hen ovotransferrin.
AB  - In this review article, human lactotransferrin is compared to human serum
      transferrin and hen ovotransferrin. For the first time the possibility of a 6
      fold internal homology of the transferrins is raised: a scheme in which 6 domains
      are defined is reported; two of them with the highest homology seem to be
      implicated in the 2 iron binding sites of each transferrin. The location of the
      disulfide bridges of the 3 transferrins and of their prosthetic sugar groups is
      discussed: some not yet described half-cystine containing lactotransferrin
      peptides are indicated.

PMID- 6832287
TI  - Complement system in iron deficiency anemia.

PMID- 6832288
TI  - Development of the maximum isometric force at short sarcomere lengths in calcium
      activated muscle myofibrils.

PMID- 6832290
TI  - Effect of carbon sources on the polar lipid fatty acids of Microsporum gypseum
      grown at different temperatures.

PMID- 6832291
TI  - Effects of cysteine and N-acetyl cysteine on GSH content of brain of adult rats.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injections of cysteine or N-acetyl cysteine induce a depletion of
      reduced glutathione (GSH) in rat brain. The doses required to promote GSH
      depletion are lower than those reported to cause a disseminate neurodegenerative
      syndrome. Since physiological GSH concentrations are required to maintain cell
      membranes, we suggest that consideration of the cysteine-induced GSH depletion is
      important in attempts to understand the mechanism of cysteine-induced
      cytotoxicity in brain.

PMID- 6832289
TI  - Influence of the enteric surface coat on the unidirectional flux of acetamide
      across the wall of rat small intestine.
AB  - In vivo treatment of the jejunal mucosa with glycosidic enzymes seems to remove
      the enteric surface coat of the enterocyte. As a consequence, the mucosa-to
      serosa unidirectional flux of acetamide increases remarkably. The glycocalyx
      probably represents a barrier to the diffusion of small hydrosoluble solutes.

PMID- 6832292
TI  - Fluorescence of free bilirubin at room temperature.

PMID- 6832293
TI  - Restoration of full mass in nerve-intact muscle grafts after delayed
      reinnervation.
AB  - A rat muscle freely grafted with the motor nerve intact becomes restored to full
      mass and contractile function, in contrast to the reduced weight of a standard
      free graft. By crushing the nerve to a nerve-intact graft and delaying
      reinnervation, full mass is still restored. One can conclude that earlier
      reinnervation is not the reason for the success of nerve-intact grafts, but that
      it is rather due to reinnervation along preserved Schwann cell channels.

PMID- 6832294
TI  - The protective effect of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid against the
      occurrence of galactosamine-induced liver cell injury in rat.
AB  - A marked increase of serum transaminase activities, histological changes of
      livers similar to those seen in viral hepatitis in man, and inhibition of hepatic
      protein synthesis were observed in rats following a single injection of D
      galactosamine-HCl. These galactosamine-induced phenomena were prevented by the
      pretreatment of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid 24 h before the
      galactosamine administration.

PMID- 6832295
TI  - Prolongation by selenium of pentobarbital hypnosis in the male rat.

PMID- 6832296
TI  - The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave UV-radiation on growth rates of
      human epidermal cells in culture.

PMID- 6832297
TI  - New metabolites of the naturally-occurring mutagen, quercetin, the pro-mutagen,
      rutin and of taxifolin.

PMID- 6832298
TI  - Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on in vitro development of mouse embryos in the
      early somitic stage.

PMID- 6832299
TI  - Peroxidase activity (PA) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in normal rat mammary
      glands.
AB  - PA and PgR appear to be reliable markers of estradiol action in normal female rat
      mammary glands, as seen by simultaneous expression of both proteins between the
      ages of 61 and 131 days. However, expression of PA at certain periods, when PgR
      was undetectable suggests, that the extent of availability of both estradiol and
      progesterone at target sites may act as controlling factors in synthesis of one
      protein over another.

PMID- 6832301
TI  - Effect of oestradiol on RNA polymerase of foetal guinea-pig uterus.
AB  - The administration of 10 micrograms oestradiol to the foetus of the guinea-pig
      (55-65 days of gestation) causes an increase in RNA polymerase I and II
      activities in the nuclei of the foetal uterus. RNA polymerase I activity
      increased by 4 times above the control values after 120 min (p less than 0.001)
      whereas RNA polymerase II activity increased more rapidly, reaching 2.5 times the
      control levels at 30 min and 4 times by 120 min after treatment (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 6832300
TI  - Day and night levels of hormones in male rhesus monkeys kept under controlled or
      constant environmental light.
AB  - The marked differences between day and night levels of testosterone, cortisol,
      prolactin and bioactive luteinizing hormone observed in adult male rhesus monkeys
      maintained at 12 h light: 12 h dark schedule are not changed by exposing monkeys
      to constant illumination for a period of up to 15 days. These findings suggest
      that the photoperiodicity of environmental light may not be the principal
      determinant for the occurrence of the diurnal rhythms observed in the circulating
      levels of the 4 hormones studied.

PMID- 6832302
TI  - Brain dopamine variations in gonadotropin-treated immature rat.

PMID- 6832303
TI  - Vasodilatation on preoptic heating in capsaicin-treated rats.

PMID- 6832304
TI  - Neuronal and glial localization of acetylcholinesterase and GABA transaminase in
      organized cultures of developing rat spinal cord.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) were
      localized in organized cultures of rat embryo spinal cord. AChE was seen in
      neurones of the ventral horn and intermediate nucleus and in the dorsal horn
      neuropil. AChE was also present on the soma membrane of neuroglia, even in areas
      devoid of AChE-stained neuronal processes. GABA-T activity was present chiefly in
      dorsal horn neurones, and was absent from neuroglia.

PMID- 6832305
TI  - Fast decay of fish synaptic currents.

PMID- 6832306
TI  - Modulation of protein synthesis in primary myogenic cells from chicken by
      cultivation in the serum-free, hormonally defined medium 'DMN'.
AB  - Chicken muscle cells secrete characteristic proteins when grown in the serum-free
      and hormonally defined culture medium 'DMN'. The most prominent band detected by
      gel electrophoresis represents a protein of mol.wt 22,000. Fibroblasts released a
      mol.wt 16,000 protein and fibronectin (mol.wt 220,000) into the medium. The
      mol.wt 22,000 protein band resolved in 2 dimensional gels into 2 spots which
      migrated to the same positions as small heat shock proteins as well as butyrate
      inducible proteins (BIP) which can be demonstrated in whole cell extracts after
      butyrate treatment in the presence of serum. The synthesis and release of the
      mol.wt 22,000 protein is repressed by supplementing the culture medium with serum
      but not with chick embryo extract.

PMID- 6832307
TI  - Synthesis and biological activities of [beta-Malyl1]- and [beta-Malyl1, Leu8]
      angiotensin II analogues.
AB  - The synthesis of [beta-Malyl1]- and [beta-Malyl1, Leu8]-angiotensin II using a
      solid phase procedure is reported. The replacement of the N-terminal amino group
      of aspartic acid by a hydroxyl group gives analogues with lower affinity than
      [Asn1]- and [Asn1, Leu8]-AII. However, the isoster [beta-Malyl1]-AII shows higher
      potency than [Asn1]-AII and this may be due to metabolic or enzymatic resistance.

PMID- 6832308
TI  - Effect of target position and size on adaptive sensitivity of the surround
      mechanism of cat retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - The spatial distribution of the surround's adaptive sensitivity was assessed in
      the receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells. The results provide evidence
      that the surrounds adaptive sensitivity is higher in the center of the receptive
      field of Y-cells than X-cells.

PMID- 6832309
TI  - Extracellular volume, electrocardiogram and anion distribution in hibernating
      hamster ventricle.
AB  - The intracellular Cl concentration, [Cl]i, was found to be significantly larger
      and the extracellular volume (ECV), much smaller in ventricles of hibernating
      hamsters as compared to non-hibernators. The decreased ECV in ventricles of
      hibernators was consistent with an increased R wave component of the ECG, as well
      as a lower mean fraction tissue water, fH2O, of these tissues.

PMID- 6832311
TI  - Demonstration of vascular redistribution after carotid clamping in rats.
AB  - In Long Evans rats, the vertebral arteries supply only the brain stem.
      Simultaneous application of clamps to both carotid arteries results in a
      considerable fall of cerebral blood flow and eventually death. If an interval of
      about 4 days is allowed between the clamping of the 2 carotids, redistribution of
      blood flow takes place. Owing to this mechanism, 50% of the rats survive with a
      satisfactory restoration of cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 6832310
TI  - Sucrose gap longevity is markedly improved by addition of lanthanum to the
      sucrose.
AB  - The addition of low concentrations of lanthanum to the sucrose in the double
      sucrose gap technique for the study of giant axons significantly prolongs
      longevity and decreases drift.

PMID- 6832312
TI  - Aortic fibrous components in exercised rats.
AB  - In exercised female rats, the elastin content of the thoracic and abdominal aorta
      decreased by 4-8% (p less than 0.05). The collagen content in the thoracic aorta,
      was unchanged but in the abdominal aorta was reduced by 5.2% (p less than 0.05).
      These results are discussed in connection with physical training.

PMID- 6832314
TI  - A simple method for the purification of the carcinoembryonic antigen without the
      use of perchloric acid.
AB  - A method for the purification of the carcinoembryonic antigen CEA without
      perchloric acid extraction is described. Addition of a synthetic polycarbonic
      acid precipitates proteins in serum or aqueous tumor extracts while CEA remains
      in the supernatant.

PMID- 6832313
TI  - Strain differences in responses of the circadian system to light in the Syrian
      hamster.
AB  - The circadian systems of 2 strains of the Syrian hamster responded differently to
      single short light pulses. The differences in the amplitudes of the phase
      response curves were associated with different ranges of entrainment of the
      circadian rhythms to periodic light pulses.

PMID- 6832315
TI  - Ascidian sperm chymotrypsin-like enzyme; participation in fertilization.
AB  - The action of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme from sperm extract from the ascidian
      Halocynthia roretzi was studied using several substrates. It was found that the
      most susceptible substrate had the most powerful inhibitory effect on
      fertilization in this animal. Among the substrates, the order of susceptibility
      coincided with the order of inhibitory ability, which indicates that the enzyme
      is involved in the fertilization process.

PMID- 6832316
TI  - On the distribution of plasma L-asparaginase.
AB  - The guinea-pig, Cavia porcellus, is unusual in possessing plasma L-asparaginase,
      an enzyme with anti-tumor activity, 21 additional species have been examined as
      to the presence of this enzyme: the results confirm and extend its remarkably
      limited species distribution.

PMID- 6832319
TI  - Autophagocytosis of melanosomes in cultured embryonic retinal pigment cells.
AB  - Autophagocytosis not only accounts for the early pigment loss found in
      proliferating cultured retinal pigment cells, but also occurs in slowly growing
      and in non-proliferating cells. Both melanosome synthesis and destruction may
      take place concurrently in cells. Autophagosomes may contain both fully formed
      melanosomes and also premelanosomes in various stages of formation, are positive
      for lysosomal enzyme activity, and likely represent secondary lysosomes.

PMID- 6832317
TI  - Peroxidase activity and thiocyanate accumulation in salivary glands.
AB  - Salivary glands with high, low, or no peroxidase activity do not differ in [S14CN
      ] after the i.v. injection of KS14CN, nor do the glands differ from blood and
      muscle in [S14CN-]. The content of SCN- in a salivary gland does not mirror the
      gland's participation in the peroxidase-mediated antimicrobial mechanism.

PMID- 6832321
TI  - Structural alterations in rat kidney proximal tubules perfused with fresh
      autologous serum.
AB  - Two min of intraluminal perfusion of the rat proximal tubules with autologous
      serum induced marked ultrastructural alterations including extensive cytoplasmic
      vesiculation due to swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and
      occasional extrusion of nuclei and cytoplasm into the lumen. Within 4 min
      pronounced vesiculation of mitochondria was observed. These findings are
      consistent with the notion that serum-induced inhibition of proximal tubular
      fluid absorption is due to cell lysis, presumably mediated by complement
      activation.

PMID- 6832318
TI  - Cleavage of p-nitroanilides of N-acylated tri- and tetrapeptides by alanine
      endopeptidase from the brush border membranes of rat enterocytes.
AB  - The activity of the alanine endopeptidase from the intestinal brush border was
      studied using chromogenic substrates of the general formula Sc-Ala2-X-pNA. Sc-Y-Z
      Ala-pNA and W-Ala3-pNA respectively. Substrates with C-terminal Leu or Nle are
      hydrolyzed more readily than Ala-analogues. At least one Ala-residue in one of
      the positions adjacent to the C-terminus is necessary for the enzyme activity. An
      Na-substituent has no effect on the activity.

PMID- 6832320
TI  - Association of Golgi vesicles containing acid phosphatase with the chromatoid
      body of rat spermatids.
AB  - The relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the small vesicles associated
      with the chromatoid body was investigated using a cytochemical technique. It was
      observed that in early spermatids, when the chromatoid body appears in close
      contact with the Golgi complex, and all through its migration to the caudal pole
      of the nucleus, some of the vesicles that accompany the organelle display acid
      phosphatase activity. It is concluded that these smooth vesicles originate in the
      Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 6832322
TI  - Effect of dimethindene, an antihistaminic drug, on the transmembrane potentials
      of mammalian myocardium.
AB  - Dimethindene (DMI) decreased the maximum rate of rise of action potential (AP)
      without changing the resting potential in cat ventricular myocardium. DMI
      abolished the histamine-induced slow APs in left atria but not in right
      ventricular papillary muscles of guinea-pig, suggesting that DMI blocked the
      histamine H1-receptors.

PMID- 6832324
TI  - Effect of the substratum on the growth of CFU-c in continuous marrow culture.
AB  - The effect of the substratum on the maintenance of granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitors (CFU-c) was studied in continuous mouse marrow culture. Glass and
      decalcified eggshell membrane were found preferable to plastic, providing better
      adherence of stromal cells. Eggshell membrane consists of a meshwork of branching
      fibers suitable for the adherence of stromal cells. The glass surface with its
      high surface pH may provide an electrostatic attraction for the negatively
      charged surface of stromal cells.

PMID- 6832323
TI  - Chronic infections in laboratory rodents from inoculation of nonencapsulated
      plague bacilli (Yersinia pestis).
AB  - Infections with nonencapsulated Y. pestis persisted for 9 weeks in mice and 56
      weeks in rats after experimental inoculation. Mice succumbed with bacteremia.
      Rats developed chronic lesions containing nonencapsulated plague bacilli.

PMID- 6832325
TI  - Heat(40 degrees C)-induced polypeptides in human embryonic fibroblasts.
AB  - The synthesis of 3 polypeptides with molecular weights of 103-, 80- and 78
      kdalton (K) was dramatically accelerated when the cultures of human embryonic
      fibroblasts were transferred from 37 to 40 degrees C. The induction of these
      polypeptides was not observed if actinomycin D was added to the cultures at the
      beginning of the rising of the temperature, indicating that this response may be
      mediated by increased transcription of their messenger RNA.

PMID- 6832327
TI  - Predominant expression of zeta and epsilon globin genes in human leukemia K
      562(S6) variant cell line.
AB  - In the human leukemia K-562(S6) cell line (a) the accumulation of alpha-globin
      chains is low or absent, (b) zeta-globin gene expression is correlated with
      expression of epsilon-chains and (c) the genes responsible for the terminal cell
      division are not operated within 8-12 cell cycles, while K-562(S6) cells are
      fully induced to erythroid differentiation.

PMID- 6832326
TI  - Growth of Echinococcus multilocularis in gerbils exposed to different
      environmental temperature.
AB  - Gerbils kept at high (35 degrees C) temperature harbored a significantly larger
      Echinococcus multilocularis cyst biomass than those kept at room (21 degrees C)
      and low (5 degrees C) temperature. Parasite induced adrenomegaly was observed in
      all temperature groups.

PMID- 6832329
TI  - Control of growth in the rat thyroid--an example of specific desensitization to
      trophic hormone stimulation.
AB  - Rat thyroid follicular cells desensitized to the mitogenic action of TSH by
      prolonged stimulation retain the capacity to respond to the mitogenic stimulus of
      wounding. The implications for thyroid growth control and neoplasia are
      discussed.

PMID- 6832331
TI  - The role of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in magnesium absorption in the rat
      small intestine.
AB  - We studied duodenal and ileal magnesium (Mg) absorption in intact,
      parathyroidectomized (PTX), thyroid-(TX) and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX)
      rats with iodine hormones replaced, and, additionally, in PTX rats receiving
      bovine parathyroid hormone 1-34 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, respectively. Mg
      absorption was reduced after PTX and TPTX in the duodenum, but not in the ileum,
      whereas TX had no influence on duodenal or ileal Mg absorption. Both bovine
      parathyroid hormone 1-34 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased Mg absorption in
      the duodenum and the ileum in PTX rats.

PMID- 6832330
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of the enhanced cold-induced TSH secretion in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Various noradrenergic and tryptaminergic antagonists as well as pinealectomy
      significantly inhibited cold-induced TSH secretion in SHR as in control rats.

PMID- 6832328
TI  - Large scale isolation of zonae pellucidae from ovarian oocytes of mice.
AB  - A large scale method for the isolation of zonae pellucidae (ZP) from mouse
      ovaries is described. It involves the squashing of the ovaries on a screen (70 X
      70 M mesh) and sedimentation of the material in a discontinuous gradient. It is
      possible to obtain free ZP in useful quantities in about 1 h's work.

PMID- 6832332
TI  - Interrelationship between plasma and ovarian cholesterol in a teleost fish.
AB  - The profiles of plasma and ovarian cholesterol altered similarly as a result of
      seasonal influence. Fish pituitary extract and LH significantly depleted plasma
      and ovarian free cholesterol only, esterified cholesterol remaining unaltered.
      Findings indicated that plasma cholesterol was the primary source of sterol for
      ovarian steroidogenesis.

PMID- 6832333
TI  - Influence of hypothyroidism on adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the
      developing rat.
AB  - In young rats rendered hypothyroid from birth, adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      activity increases more rapidly than in the control animals.

PMID- 6832334
TI  - Radioisotopic determination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) folic acid and vitamin
      B12 in neurological disorders.
AB  - In a total of 55 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and an equal number of
      serum samples obtained from 45 patients with neurological disorders and 10
      controls, folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured. A radioisotopic assay method
      was used. A significant decrease of CSF folic acid was noted in the group with
      cerebral tumors.

PMID- 6832335
TI  - Platelet-activating factor effects on pulmonary ultrastructure in rabbits.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of endothelium in rabbit lungs demonstrated a dramatic
      effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the ultrastructure of pulmonary
      vasculature. Plasmalemmal vesicles in capillaries were increased both in size
      (638 A PAF vs 538 A control) and in number (386/micrograms 3 cytoplasm PAF vs
      125/micrograms 3 cytoplasm control) when PAF was administered as a single acute
      low dose (chi less than 3 micrograms/kg). High concentrations of PAF (chi greater
      than 3 micrograms/kg) as a single acute dose also increased vesicle number
      (203/micrograms 3 cytoplasm), but frequently precipitated the respiratory
      distress syndrome. Chronic administration of PAF with daily doses over periods of
      either 3.5 or 7 weeks resulted in changes paralleling the acute observations, but
      did not lead to more extensive lung disease.

PMID- 6832336
TI  - Arterial lesions and blood lipids in rhesus monkeys fed human diets.
AB  - The results of three consecutive experiments are reported in which
      atherosclerotic lesions of adult male rhesus monkeys produced by a ration
      relatively rich in calories, cholesterol, and saturated fats and resembling the
      "average American" table-prepared fare were compared with the atherosclerotic
      lesions in similar monkeys fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol, and low-calorie, so
      called "prudent" table-prepared ration. Each experiment lasted 2 years. The
      frequency and severity of gross and microscopic aortic atheromatous disease and
      microscopic coronary artery disease were compared. In addition, the qualitative
      features of the lesions, several types of analyses of blood lipids, and the
      reactions of aortic cells to in vivo deposited interstitial aortic deposits of
      lipoprotein fractions prepared from these animals are described. In general, the
      animals fed the average American ration had serum cholesterols that were
      consistently higher (383 +/- 35 mg%) than animals fed the prudent ration (199 +/-
      13 mg%). The contrasts in lesion involvement varied from about 6:1 in severity
      for both aortic and coronary lesions to approximately 3:1 or 4:1 in frequency.
      The aortic gross surface area involvement at autopsy was 46% for monkeys fed the
      average American ration compared to 7% for the prudent diet group. In lesions of
      animals fed the average American ration much of the lipid was extracellular and
      both cell proliferation and fiber protein deposition were prominent. The small
      lesions in the animals fed the prudent ration were much more likely to be
      composed mostly of "foam cell" intimal thickenings. The lesions seen in the
      animals fed the average American ration resemble those seen in autopsies of many
      young Americans whose lesions have been studied recently and who demonstrate
      raised lesions in their coronary arteries and aortas in the third decade.

PMID- 6832338
TI  - Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis resolves spontaneously if dense scars are
      not formed.
AB  - The relation of static compliance of excised lungs to collagen accumulation and
      histologic fibrosis was examined in Syrian hamsters inhaling sufficient 238PuO2
      particles to achieve initial lung burdens of 50 or 100 nCi. Control animals were
      exposed to nonradioactive aerosols. Irradiated lungs from hamsters at both dose
      levels had compliance reduced to the same extent at point of maximal reduction.
      However, collagen accumulation was more closely related to 238Pu exposure level
      than the compliance measurements. Histologic examination revealed both diffuse
      alveolar thickening and some dense fibrous scars, the former predominating at
      lower dose levels. Hamsters exposed to 50 nCi 238PuO2 showed normal collagen
      content and static lung compliance with minimal histologic fibrosis 288 days
      after exposure. In contrast, hamsters exposed to 100 nCi had significant
      pulmonary fibrosis at that time and the highest incidence of dense scars at any
      time period. Such findings are consistent with a stiffening of lung parenchyma.
      They suggest that the diffuse interstitial fibrosis developed by this injury
      resolves spontaneously; dense fibrous scars, however, do not.

PMID- 6832337
TI  - Energy metabolism of normal and lonidamine-treated Sertoli cells of rats.
AB  - The effect of lonidamine on oxygen consumption, aerobic lactate production, and
      [U-14C]glucose metabolism of rat Sertoli cells was investigated. The results may
      be summarized as follows: (1) Sertoli cells show well-developed energy metabolism
      both in vitro and in vivo. (2) The rate of aerobic lactate production is markedly
      higher than in other cell types, either normal differentiated or neoplastic, such
      as Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (3) Lonidamine does not affect respiration and
      aerobic glycolysis of Sertoli cells. This finding is consistent with previous
      data which demonstrated that the antispermatogenic effect can be mainly ascribed
      to an irreversible alteration of germ cell mitochondria induced by 1-substituted
      indazole-3-carboxylic acids of which lonidamine represents one of the most potent
      derivatives. (4) The functional impairment induced by lonidamine on rat Sertoli
      cells cannot be ascribed to an action on the energy metabolism even if, up to
      date, the biochemical target is still unclear.

PMID- 6832339
TI  - Role of lipid peroxidation in tissue injury after hepatic ischemia.
AB  - Ischemia and anoxia are associated with decreased concentrations of cellular
      antioxidants. The hypothesis that recirculation of oxygenated blood to previously
      ischemic tissue may result in enhanced free-radical reactions leading to lipid
      peroxidation and tissue damage was investigated. Elevated hepatic conjugated
      diene concentrations were detected 60 min after treatment of rats with carbon
      tetrachloride, a positive control, but were not found after 90 min ischemia or at
      5 or 60 min after reperfusion of ischemic tissue. These findings suggest that
      lipid peroxidation may not be an early event in ischemia-induced necrosis but do
      not rule out a role of other free-radical reactions in the pathogenesis of
      ischemic necrosis.

PMID- 6832340
TI  - The effect of bezafibrate and clofibrate on cholesterol ester metabolism in
      rabbit peritoneal macrophages stimulated with acetylated low density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Bezafibrate and clofibrate reduce the quantity of esterified cholesterol,
      decrease the incorporation of 14C-labeled oleic acid into cholesterol ester and
      inhibit acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rabbit peritoneal
      macrophages stimulated with acetylated low density lipoprotein. In all cases, the
      effect of bezafibrate was more marked than that of clofibrate. The activity of
      lysosomal cholesterol ester hydrolase in these cells was not affected by these
      drugs. It is suggested that these drugs exert an anti-atherogenic activity not
      only by their action on serum lipids, but by influencing cellular cholesterol
      ester metabolism.

PMID- 6832341
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of arterial smooth muscle cells laden with lipid
      following incubation with low density lipoproteins and chloroquine.

PMID- 6832342
TI  - The morphogenesis of testicular degeneration induced in rats by orally
      administered 2,5-hexanedione.
AB  - The neurotoxic hexacarbon 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) produces testicular atrophy in
      experimental animals. To examine the morphogenesis of the testicular lesion, 1.0%
      2,5-HD was provided in the drinking water of adult F-344 rats for up to 6 weeks.
      After 3 weeks of administration, there were occasional large vacuoles in the
      basal region of the germinal epithelium. At 4 weeks, these vacuoles were much
      larger and more numerous; electron microscopy demonstrated that they were derived
      from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The vacuoles were preferentially
      associated with stages 12, 13, 14, and 1 of the spermatogenic cycle.
      Additionally, at 4 weeks there was a significant decrease in the number of
      tubules in stages 7 and 13, and a concomitant increase in the percentage of
      tubules in stages 3, 5, and 6. By Week 5, most Golgi-phase and cap-phase
      spermatids were visibly affected, showing margination of nuclear chromatin, and
      were becoming dissociated from Sertoli cells. Frequent multinucleated giant cells
      were seen and electron microscopy of these cells suggested that they were derived
      from fused spermatocytes or spermatids. After 6 weeks, fewer giant cells were
      present, most tubules contained cellular debris, and many showed empty lumina
      encircled by a thin ring of cytoplasm near the basement membrane. Interstitial
      tissue appeared unaffected. These studies indicate that the Sertoli cell is
      probably an initial target for 2,5-HD action in the testis.

PMID- 6832343
TI  - Lung macrophage defense responses during suramin-induced lysosomal dysfunction.
AB  - Lysosomes form an integral part of the degradative mechanisms of the phagocytic
      cells. Mice were injected with suramin, a lysosomotrophic drug, to investigate
      the effects of lysosomal pathology on the cell biology and in situ bactericidal
      activity of the pulmonary macrophage. Treatment with suramin resulted in marked
      alterations in the cell biology of the macrophage: (i) increased vacuolization
      and protein content, (ii) suppressed intracellular phagosome-lysosome fusion,
      (iii) decreased activity of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl
      glucosaminidase, and (iv) enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase during
      phagocytosis. Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a
      reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase,
      and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in
      vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl
      glucosaminidase may have occurred. Plasma membrane 5'-nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase activity was increased in macrophages recovered from suramin
      treated animals. Although the "resting-state" reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium
      (NBT) was lower in these macrophages, cells stimulated by a phagocytic challenge
      demonstrated normal increases in NBT reduction. Phagocytosis, in vitro, and
      pulmonary bactericidal activity were not altered. These data demonstrate that
      suramin altered numerous aspects of the phagocyte's lysosomal system. Despite
      these changes in the cell biology of the pulmonary macrophage, the cell's defense
      functions were not reduced.

PMID- 6832344
TI  - Actin-induced reticuloendothelial phagocytic depression as mediated by its
      interaction with fibronectin.
AB  - Circulating fibronectin, also known as opsonic alpha 2 surface binding
      glycoprotein or cold-insoluble globulin, modulates phagocytosis of tissue debris,
      fibrin microaggregates, and gelatin-coated colloids by the reticuloendothelial
      (RE) system. Opsonically active fibronectin has an actin binding site and a
      demonstrated in vitro affinity for actin. Since actin potentially released into
      blood and tissue fluids following tissue injury could complex with fibronectin,
      the present study evaluated the effect of actin on plasma opsonic activity and
      Kupffer cell phagocytosis. Intravenous injection of actin did not acutely
      decrease plasma immunoreactive fibronectin levels although fibronectin levels
      increased at 6, 12, and 24 hr postinjection. However, intravenous actin injection
      did depress RE phagocytic activity in vivo as measured by decreased blood
      clearance of test colloid and impaired hepatic uptake of colloid particles as
      well as retention of the particles in the circulation. In vitro, preincubation of
      plasma with actin depressed the opsonic activity of plasma with respect to its
      ability to support phagocytosis, but such treatment of plasma did not alter the
      detection of fibronectin by immunoassay. Utilizing purified fibronectin with
      demonstrated opsonic activity, it was also observed that actin interaction with
      fibronectin would block its biological ability to enhance phagocytosis. This
      effect appeared to be mediated at the humoral level, since no direct depressant
      effect of actin on Kupffer cell function was observed. Thus, actin, if released
      into the blood following injury, may contribute to bioassayable opsonic
      fibronectin deficiency and phagocytic dysfunction, but this disturbance would
      remain undetectable by immunoassay of fibronectin levels.

PMID- 6832345
TI  - Impaired renal function in diabetic chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
AB  - Studies were conducted to assess the renal functional state in two recently
      discovered diabetic chimpanzees. Both were nonobese, adult female animals with
      the non-insulin-dependent form of impaired glucose tolerance, analogous to the
      Type II or nonobese, maturity-onset diabetes of humans. Both animals displayed
      moderate-to-heavy proteinuria and glycosuria in response to intravenous
      administration of glucose or tolbutamide. Chimpanzee number 333, but not number
      1037, had fasting proteinuria and chronic hypertension. Renal function studies,
      using the inulin clearance method, demonstrated significantly decreased
      glomerular filtration rates and elevated rates of sodium excretion for both
      animals. The rate of chloride excretion was also elevated in animal number 1037,
      but potassium excretion was apparently unaffected in both animals. Abnormal serum
      biochemical parameters demonstrated for chimpanzee number 333 included elevations
      in calcium, magnesium, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid; animal number
      1037 had only an elevated serum creatinine. Results are consistent with the
      occurrence of renal disease similar to the nephropathy that develops in human
      diabetics. The difference in severity of renal impairment in the two chimpanzees
      is possibly related to differences in duration and severity of impaired glucose
      tolerance. A progression of both diabetic and renal disorders is most probable.

PMID- 6832347
TI  - Benzylamine oxidase in normal and atherosclerotic human aortae.
AB  - Assays of serum benzylamine oxidase (BzAO) have led some workers to postulate a
      relationship between elevated BzAO activity and diseases characterized by
      proliferating connective tissue. The present study was designed to determine
      whether BzAO activity of a cellular tissue is also affected. BzAO was assayed in
      homogenates of normal and atherosclerotic human aortae. Characterization done in
      normal aortae showed that BzAO is not a classical monoamine, diamine, polyamine,
      or lysyl oxidase, nor is it a ceruloplasmin. The enzyme is heat stable at 60
      degrees C and is associated primarily with the microsomal fraction on density
      centrifugation. Compared with phenylethylamines and indoleamines, benzylamine is
      the best substrate. BzAO is sensitive to inhibition by hydrazines and
      chymotrypsin but not trypsin, and is insensitive to Triton X-100 and sulfhydryl
      group blockade. BzAO activity of atherosclerotic plaque (expressed per gram wet
      weight or per milligram protein) was decreased markedly compared to that in
      adjacent, nonplaque regions and in normal aortae. However, on a per milligram DNA
      basis, the BzAO activity of plaque did not differ from that of nonplaque tissue.
      We conclude that there is a decreased cell population density in plaque, a
      contention supported by kinetic analysis. Plaque BzAO showed a decreased Vmax
      with no change in the Km of benzylamine compared with nonplaque tissue. Thus, if
      a relationship exists between BzAO activity and proliferating connective tissue,
      it is not apparent at the level of the cellular enzyme in atherosclerotic aortae
      of man.

PMID- 6832346
TI  - Experimental methyl mercury neurotoxicity: similar in vivo and in vitro
      perturbation of brain cell-free protein synthesis.
AB  - Perturbation of brain protein synthesis by methyl mercury chloride (MeHg) was
      compared in vivo and in vitro. MeHg-stimulated and/or inhibited brain cell-free
      protein synthesis following in vivo or in vitro administration. Although
      pretreatment with GSH protected the postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) from the
      in vitro inhibition, direct addition of -SH compounds did not reverse the in vivo
      or in vitro perturbations in synthesis induced by MeHg. Inhibition of synthesis
      induced by both in vivo and in vitro methyl mercury administration resulted in
      inactivation of component(s) in brain pH 5 enzymes. Stimulation of amino acid
      incorporation following in vivo administration of MeHg was apparently associated
      with the ribosome fraction, but in vitro preincubation of PMS with MeHg produced
      stimulation associated with the pH 5 enzyme fraction. A model of MeHg
      neurotoxicity was proposed providing a common molecular locus of interaction in
      vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 6832348
TI  - Urinary polyamine excretion as related to cell death and cell proliferation
      induced by carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
AB  - This study addresses the question whether urinary polyamine excretion is related
      to cell death or cell proliferation. CCl4 intoxication of the rat was used as the
      experimental model. Treatment with CCl4, a hepatotoxic haloalkane, produces an
      initial phase of liver cell death succeeded by a regenerative phase of growth,
      during which the liver is restored. The highest rate of putrescine (and
      spermidine) excretion occurred during the first 24 hr of CCl4 intoxication and
      coincided with the period of maximum liver damage. During subsequent liver
      regeneration the rate of excretion of both polyamines decreased.

PMID- 6832349
TI  - Ploidy patterns in hepatic tumors induced by Mirex.
AB  - The effects of chronic exposure to dietary Mirex was investigated in rat livers
      over a 13 month period. The distribution of ploidy (diploid and tetraploid
      nuclei) in nodular and nonnodular areas was analyzed in a Coulter Counter fitted
      with a Channelizer. The nodules, such as adenomas and carcinomas, were identified
      in histologic sections obtained from companion samples, part of which was used
      for analysis of nuclear ploidy. The carcinogen disturbed the distribution of
      nuclei in the ploidy classes, selectively reducing the number of tetraploid
      cells. This reduction in tetraploid cells corresponded to the nature of the
      tumor, the most significant effect being noted in hepatocellular carcinomas.

PMID- 6832351
TI  - Cytochrome P450 oxidase activity and its role in NADPH dependent lipid
      peroxidation.
AB  - A comparison is made between microsomal NADPH-dependent H2O2 production and
      malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in rat liver microsomes, obtained from
      phenobarbital pretreated rats. An increase in H2O2 formation was observed during
      NADPH-dependent disposition (10 min) of 100 microM diazepam (33%) and 2 mM
      hexobarbital (69%). In contrast orphenadrine (100 microM) and its mono-N
      demethylated metabolite tofenacine (100 microM) decreased the H2O2 formation (35%
      and 55%, respectively). However, all these substrates were found to inhibit NADPH
      dependent lipid peroxidation (60 min), estimated by measuring MDA formation, to
      various extents. These data strongly suggest that the oxidase activity of
      cytochrome P450 (H2O2 production) is not involved in a rate-limiting step in
      NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 6832350
TI  - [Dihydroergotoxine mesylate in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency: spectral
      EEG analysis and neuropsychological correlates].

PMID- 6832353
TI  - Changes in transcriptional activity of chronically stimulated fast twitch muscle.
AB  - mRNAs extracted from rabbit soleus, normal and 28-day, indirectly stimulated
      tibialis anterior muscles were translated in an in vitro system. Analysis for
      translation products by 2-dimensional electrophoresis showed fast myosin light
      chains in tibialis anterior, and slow myosin light chains in soleus muscle. The
      stoichiometry of the in vitro translated light chains varies from that seen in
      normal fast and slow twitch muscles. The stimulated muscle contained mRNA coding,
      both for fast and slow myosin light chains, although the pattern of slow myosin
      light chains appears not to be complete at this point of time of the
      transformation process.

PMID- 6832354
TI  - Ecdysone and 20 hydroxyecdysone: new hormones for the human parasite schistosoma
      mansoni.
AB  - The insect moulting hormones, ecdysone and 20 hydroxyecdysone, were detected by
      the combined use of radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography
      in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. On day 11 after infection only the
      ecdysone form is present, but, on day 40 after infection the ratio between
      ecdysone and 20 hydroxyecdysone changes with anatomic localization of the adult
      worms in mammalian host. In the eggs, the ratio of these two hormones is
      identical to the ratio found in sexually mature worms located in mesenteric
      veins. These data demonstrate for the first time that S. mansoni synthesizes the
      steroid hormones ecdysone and 20 OH ecdysone which are potent molecules in
      stimulating growth and vitello-genesis of this gonochoric trematode.

PMID- 6832355
TI  - Reversible effects of cross-linking on the regulatory cooperativity of
      Acinetobacter citrate synthase.
AB  - Citrate synthase was purified from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and treated with
      the cleavable cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). Cross
      linking of the enzyme resulted in the abolition of the sigmoidal responses to
      inhibition by NADH and re-activation by AMP displayed by the native enzyme.
      Inhibition and re-activation were still observed but without any cooperativity.
      Cleavage of the disulphide bonds in the cross-links by treatment with
      dithiothreitol restored the sigmoidal characteristics of both inhibition and re
      activation.

PMID- 6832352
TI  - H-NMR studies of the histidine residues of human choriogonadotropin and its alpha
      and beta-subunits.

PMID- 6832357
TI  - In vitro formation of different tubulin polymers from purified tubulin of Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Preparations of cycled tubulin from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells contain several
      accessory proteins; once or twice cycled microtubule preparations are usually
      composed of fibers 10 nm in diameter, but lack vimentin. Highly purified tubulin
      consists of alpha- and beta-tubulin and a minor component which was identified by
      peptide mapping as a second beta-chain. This pure tubulin is able to form in
      vitro at low concentrations (1 mg protein/ml) fibers of about 10 nm width, and at
      higher concentrations (3.5 mg protein/ml) normal microtubules.

PMID- 6832356
TI  - Preparation and neutralization characteristics of an antibody to the factor
      inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells.

PMID- 6832358
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of a fluorescent analogue of 2-5A.

PMID- 6832360
TI  - Xenopus lipovitellin, a new target protein for calmodulin.

PMID- 6832359
TI  - On the geometry of leukocyte NADPH-oxidase, a membrane flavoenzyme. Inferences
      from the structure of glutathione reductase.
AB  - Using the structure of glutathione reductase as a model, we suggest the following
      topography for leukocyte NADPH-oxidase: The binding sites of NADPH and O2 are
      separated from each other by the flavin ring and are thus exposed to opposite
      sides of the plasma membrane. This model supports the concept that O-2 is formed
      at the membrane facing the extracellular or phagosomal space, respectively. The
      fate of the proton produced in the reaction NADPH + 2 O2 leads to NADP + 2 O-2 +
      H+ is also discussed in light of our model. NAD(P)H-oxidases possessing the
      topography of glutathione reductase may establish transmembrane proton gradients.
      Consequently our model suggests that leukocyte NADPH-oxidase produces not only
      the O-2 burst but also a proton burst.

PMID- 6832361
TI  - Effect of glucose-6-P on the catalytic and structural properties of glycogen
      phosphorylase a.
AB  - Kinetic studies of muscle phosphorylase a in cationic buffer (pH 6.8) demonstrate
      that glucose-6-P competitively inhibits the binding of the substrate, glucose-1
      P, to the enzyme. The inhibitory effect of glucose-6-P is largely overcome by
      glycerol-2-P. AMP counteracts inhibition of the enzyme by glucose-6-P, while
      glucose and glucose-6-P can interact to produce a synergistic inhibition of
      phosphorylase a activity. Preincubation of phosphorylase a with glucose-6-P at 20
      degrees C results in approximately 3-fold increase in activity, while
      ultracentrifugation experiments carried out under the same conditions showed that
      phosphorylase a can be converted to dimers by glucose-6-P.

PMID- 6832363
TI  - Isolation of a 167 basepair chromatosome containing a partially digested histone
      H5.
AB  - A test has been made of the proposal that protection of the 167 basepair DNA
      length in the 'chromatosome' is due only to the central globular domain of the
      lysine-rich histones. Chicken erythrocyte chromatin was treated with trypsin to
      leave only the limit peptide from histones H1 and H5. Nucleosome monomers were
      then isolated on sucrose gradients following micrococcal nuclease digestion and
      were found to contain the 167 basepair DNA band as in intact chromatin. The
      presence of the limit peptide from H5 on the monomers was confirmed using an
      antibody to H5. It is concluded that the trypsin-susceptible domains of the
      lysine-rich histones are not involved in the protection of the 2-turn 167
      basepair length of DNA in the nucleosome.

PMID- 6832365
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase moves rapidly between lipid droplets.

PMID- 6832364
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal domain of calf thymus histone H2A.Z.
AB  - The minor histone H2A subtype, H2A.Z, has been purified to homogeneity from calf
      thymus and subjected to automated Edman degradation. The sequence of the first 30
      amino acids possesses only 60% homology with major H2A subtypes of the same
      tissue. This sequence difference is more extreme than that exhibited between
      evolutionarily distant major H2A subtypes. However, an analysis of secondary
      structure reveals that H2A.Z and major H2A subtypes exhibit the same general
      topographical features within their N-terminal domains.

PMID- 6832362
TI  - Several crystal forms of the Bacillus stearothermophilus 50 S ribosomal
      particles.

PMID- 6832367
TI  - Red blood cell targeting to collagen-coated surfaces.
AB  - The interaction of human red blood cells carrying antihuman collagen antibody
      with collagen-coated surfaces was studied. Avidin was used as bifunctional
      crosslinking agent for the attachment of antibody to the red blood cell surface.
      Antibody-carrying red blood cells efficiently and specifically bound to collagen
      coated surface covering a significant part of the surface. The components of
      normal blood had an insignificant effect on red blood cell binding. A model of
      drug targeting to the injured sites(s) of blood vessel wall is proposed.

PMID- 6832366
TI  - Mn2+ prevents the Ca2+-induced inhibition of ATP synthesis in brain mitochondria.
AB  - Uptake of Ca2+ by rat brain mitochondria causes an inhibition of respiratory
      stimulation by ADP, and the inhibition is relieved upon Na+-induced release of
      Ca2+ from the mitochondria, in accordance with earlier reports. We show that
      simultaneous uptake of Ca2+ and Mn2+ results in no inhibition of ADP-stimulated
      respiration, indicating that Mn2+ prevents the Ca2+-induced inhibition of ATP
      synthesis, without preventing Ca2+ accumulation in the mitochondria. The results
      are discussed in relation to a possible involvement of the mitochondrial ATPase
      inhibitor protein in the observed effects of Ca2+ and Mn2+.

PMID- 6832368
TI  - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit aggregation of human, guniea pig and rabbit
      platelets induced with platelet activating factor.
AB  - Three calmodulin (CM) antagonists W-7, W-5 and trifluoperazine (TFP) were tested
      for ability to prevent aggregation of human, guinea pig, and rabbit platelets
      induced by 7.88 microM PAF. The naphthalene sulfonamide derivatives, W-7 and W-5,
      were active in all species, W-5 being 1,5--5.7-times less potent than W-7, in
      accordance with W-5 being a weaker CM inhibitor. ED50-Values for TFP were 155,
      160 and 255 microM for rabbit, human and guinea pig platelets, respectively.
      Results are consistent with the notion that some substances antagonizing CM may
      inhibit PAF aggregation effects. W-7 is most effective on human platelets (ED50
      51.5 microM). High concentrations of TFP required to antagonize PAF-induced
      aggregation cautions against ascribing its effects solely to an inhibitory effect
      on CM.

PMID- 6832372
TI  - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: inter-site interaction as a possible proofreading
      mechanism.

PMID- 6832370
TI  - Structure of DNA in metaphase chromosomes of mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - We show that N-1 in adenine of chromosomal DNA is methylated by treatment of
      metaphase chromosomes with dimethylsulphate while this is not the case in
      chromatin. The data on methylation are consistent with those obtained from the
      experiments with S1-nuclease treatment of chromatin and chromosomes. This
      suggests a disarrangement of DNA secondary structure in the metaphase
      chromosomes.

PMID- 6832371
TI  - DNA-like duplexes with repetitions: efficient template-guided polycondensation of
      decadeoxyribonucleotide imidazolide.

PMID- 6832369
TI  - Heparin solubilizes asymmetric acetylcholinesterase from rat neuromuscular
      junction.
AB  - We are interested in the factors involved in the anchorage of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to the synaptic basal lamina. Here, we report studies
      showing that heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, specifically solubilized AChE
      from endplate regions of rat diaphragm muscle. Of the several molecular forms of
      AChE present in that region, heparin only released the asymmetric A12 and A8
      forms of the enzyme. Our results strongly support the involvement of heparin-like
      macromolecules in the in vivo immobilization of the collagen-tailed forms of AChE
      to the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 6832373
TI  - Incorporation of radioactive 35SO4(2-) into immunoreactive pituitary lutropin.
AB  - The terminal hexosamines of bovine pituitary lutropin are thought to contain a
      sulfate moiety. In order to test this, a biosynthetic approach was adopted. When
      rat and buffalo (bovine) pituitaries were incubated with radioactive 35SO4(2-)
      for 2 h in vitro it was observed that radioactivity test incorporated into
      trichloroacetic acid-precipitable proteins. When the radioactive proteins were
      treated with an anti-sheep lutropin serum, radioactivity was found in the
      immunoprecipitate. The incorporation into rat lutropin like material was very
      marginal while it was very significant in the case of buffalo lutropin.

PMID- 6832374
TI  - Myosin light chain phosphorylation during contraction of turtle heart.
AB  - The phosphorylation of myosin P-light chain was determined during the contraction
      cycle of turtle heart beating 5--8 times/min at 5 degrees C. The hearts were
      freeze-clamped either in systole or diastole, then homogenized and washed in
      strong acids in order to completely inhibit myosin light chain kinase and
      phosphatase and isolate the total P-light chain of the heart. The phospho and
      dephospho forms of P-light chain were separated by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and were quantitated by densitometry. Alternatively, the hearts
      were perfused with 32P and the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the P-light
      chain was determined. Both methods demonstrated that in hearts frozen in systole
      more P-light chain was phosphorylated than in hearts frozen in diastole.

PMID- 6832375
TI  - Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis insecticidal delta
      endotoxin.
AB  - Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis delta-endotoxin protein active against
      mosquitoes was inactivated by prior incubation with lipids extracted from Aedes
      albopictus cells. Experiments with lipid dispersions and multilamellar liposomes
      showed that the toxin binds to phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and
      phosphatidyl ethanolamine provided these lipids contain unsaturated fatty acids.
      Phosphatidyl serine binds toxin less efficiently and phosphatidyl inositol,
      cardiolipin, cerebroside and cholesterol show no affinity for the toxin. The
      results suggest an insecticidal mechanism in which interaction of toxin with
      affinity for the toxin. The results suggest an insecticidal mechanism in which
      interaction of toxin with specific plasma membrane lipids causes a detergent-like
      rearrangement of the lipids, leading to disruption of membrane integrity and
      eventual cytolysis.

PMID- 6832376
TI  - Stability of liposomes in circulation is markedly enhanced by structural
      modification of their phospholipid component.
AB  - Replacement of the C-2 ester group in phosphatidylcholine by the carbamyloxy
      function rendered its liposomes completely stable and longer living in the
      circulation of rats.

PMID- 6832379
TI  - B and Z double helical conformations of d-(m5C-G-C-G-m5C-G) in aqueous solution.

PMID- 6832378
TI  - Functional groups of elongation factor 2 involved in interactions with guanosine
      nucleotides and ribosomes.
AB  - Treatment of rat liver EF-2 with N-ethylmaleimide (MalNEt) did not affect the
      direct interactions of the factor with guanine nucleotides or with ribosomes, but
      inhibited the binding of guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-methylene)triphosphate
      (GuoPP(CH2)P) to the EF-2-ribosome complex. The amino group reactive reagent
      2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS), however, inhibited specifically the direct
      interactions of EF-2 with guanine nucleotides, but not the binding of GuoPP(CH2)P
      to the EF-2-ribosome complex. The different sensitivities of EF-2 to MalNEt and
      to TNBS suggested that the binding sites involved in the binary vs. ternary
      complex might correspond to different conformational states or might even be
      distinct physical entities.

PMID- 6832380
TI  - Development of cholinergic sympathetic neurons: evidence for transmitter
      plasticity in vivo.
AB  - Most principal neurons in sympathetic ganglia are noradrenergic. A small
      population, especially those that innervate sweat glands in rat footpads, are
      cholinergic. We have characterized the innervation of the glands in adult and
      developing rats to determine whether sympathetic neurons undergo a transition
      from noradrenergic to cholinergic during normal development as has been observed
      in culture. In adult rats, the fibers innervating sweat glands exhibited strong
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like
      immunoreactivity. None of the axons contained endogenous catecholamines
      detectable with formaldehyde-induced fluorescence or permanganate fixation.
      However, like cholinergic sympathetic neurons in culture, all axons could take up
      and store exogenous catecholamine. The sweat glands and their innervation develop
      postnatally. At 7 days, the axons innervating sweat glands possessed endogenous
      catecholamine histofluorescence and small granular vesicles but not AChE or VIP.
      By 14 days, AChE and VIP staining was pronounced. In contrast, catecholamine
      fluorescence and the number of small granular vesicles were reduced, and by 21
      days they were absent. Further, neonatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, a
      toxic norepinephrine congener, resulted in the loss of cholinergic as well as
      noradrenergic sympathetic innervation. These observations are consistent with a
      transition from noradrenergic to cholinergic function in vivo.

PMID- 6832377
TI  - Amino acid sequence of a polymorphic segment from fragment C4d of human
      complement component C4.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a segment of 106 residues of C4d has been determined
      by automated sequence analysis of fragments obtained by CNBr cleavage and enzymic
      digestion with trypsin. Polymorphism has been detected at 3 positions. Residues 9
      and 12 are either valine and leucine or alanine and arginine, respectively.
      Residue 102 is either valine or arginine. When comparing the protein sequence
      with the nucleic, acid sequence [Carroll, M. and Porter, R.R. (1983) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. USA 80, in press] alanine or serine are found at position 98. These
      results may in part help to explain the inherited variants of human C4 seen on
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6832381
TI  - Maturation of central autonomic control of the circulation.
AB  - Postnatal maturation of central neural regulation of cardiovascular function is
      being examined in developing swine. Three major types of investigations have been
      undertaken: 1) alterations of inputs from visceral and somatic afferents, e.g.,
      baroreceptor manipulation, stimulation of sciatic nerves; 2) stimulation of
      central vasoactive sites; 3) subjecting the animals to the stresses of
      hemorrhage, hypoxia, or hypercapnia. Our findings indicate that cardiovascular
      reflexes mature at different postnatal ages. For example, the J-receptor reflex
      had almost the adult pattern of response at birth, whereas the Bezold-Jarisch
      reflex had a markedly delayed postnatal maturation. Recordings of spontaneous
      discharge in a major efferent sympathetic supply, i.e., the greater splanchnic
      nerve, have indicated that neural innervation to the adrenal medulla and
      splanchnic vasculature is present at birth in piglets.

PMID- 6832382
TI  - Splanchnic and overall cardiovascular hemodynamics during eating and digestion.
AB  - The cardiovascular system responds to feeding in two distinctly different phases.
      During anticipation and ingestion of food, cardiac output, heart rate, aortic
      pressure, and vascular resistance in various vascular beds are altered in a
      pattern that mimics an increase in sympathetic neural activity. Myocardial oxygen
      consumption and adenosine concentration increase. Cardiovascular responses to
      exercise performed during this period are similar to those that occur during
      fasting except that the exercise-induced skeletal muscle hyperemia is smaller
      during the ingestion phase. Within 5-30 min after a meal, all cardiovascular
      responses to feeding subside except that blood flow to the digestive organs
      increases while that to skeletal muscle decreases in resting animals. The times
      of onset, duration, and localization of the hyperemia in the digestive organs
      appear to be related to the feeding-induced changes in tissue and organ
      activities. Exercise performed during the digestion phase does not affect
      intestinal hyperemia but severe excitement can actually decrease intestinal blood
      flow. Digestion is accompanied by an increase in total body, splanchnic, and
      intestinal oxygen consumption. The increase in oxygen consumption, however, is
      proportionally greater than the increases in splanchnic and intestinal blood
      flow.

PMID- 6832383
TI  - Relationship between hepatic blood flow and overall metabolism: the hepatic
      arterial buffer response.
AB  - The impact of hepatic blood flow on overall metabolism is not generally
      appreciated but is of major consequence for homeostasis. Endocrine glands produce
      and secrete hormones, but for effective and rapid control of hormonal levels, a
      rapid turnover is required. The liver is the principal organ of clearance for a
      wide variety of hormones and other endogenous substances. Altered total hepatic
      blood flow results in altered hepatic clearance rates. The main intrinsic control
      of hepatic blood flow is designed to hold total hepatic blood flow steady. The
      liver cannot control portal venous flow (which is simply the sum of outflows of
      the extrahepatic splanchnic organs); therefore, to hold total blood flow steady,
      the hepatic artery adjusts total flow in relation to alterations in portal blood
      flow. This control is referred to as the hepatic arterial buffer response and it
      functions to regulate blood flow per se rather than nutrient or oxygen
      regulation. The hepatic arterial flow does not change in response to altered
      hepatic metabolic activity as shown by the lack of expected vascular changes with
      altered oxygen content of blood, altered metabolic activity induced by enzyme
      induction or enzyme inhibition, and altered oxygen uptake or biliary secretion.
      The hepatic artery is not subservient to local metabolic needs of the liver but
      rather is controlled in a manner that subserves the homeostatic needs of the
      entire body. The mechanism of the arterial buffer response is not yet clear but
      various hypotheses are discussed.

PMID- 6832384
TI  - The microcirculation and fluid transport in digestive organs.
AB  - The microcirculation of digestive organs is responsible for providing the fluid
      required for salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretions and plays a
      major role in removing fluid from the interstitium of the intestines during
      absorption. Data from the literature suggest that hydrostatic and oncotic
      pressures within the interstitium are important in modulating fluid movement
      between the microcirculation and transporting epithelia in most digestive organs.
      Changes in capillary hydrostatic pressure appear to play a more important role in
      some organs, i.e., salivary glands. Alterations in the density of perfused
      capillaries and capillary permeability also enhance capillary fluid exchange
      during transport. These factors, coupled to the high capillary hydraulic
      conductivity, allow the digestive organs to move large amounts of fluid between
      the blood and transporting epithelia.

PMID- 6832385
TI  - Role of splanchnic resistance vessels in overall cardiovascular homeostasis.
AB  - The reactions of splanchnic resistance vessels elicited reflexly from
      cardiovascular baroreceptors, volume receptors, and chemoreceptors are briefly
      reviewed. Unloading the baroreceptors and/or the volume receptors evokes a
      chiefly neurogenic constriction of resistance vessels in the splanchnic region.
      There is no significant change in the post- to precapillary resistance ratio to
      evoke any change in mean capillary hydrostatic pressure. In contrast, the post-
      to precapillary resistance ratio of the skeletal muscle vascular bed falls, thus
      lowering mean capillary pressure and causing an autotransfusion of the
      cardiovascular system. Stimulating the chemoreceptors induces vascular effects in
      the splanchnic organs and the skeletal muscle similar to that of unloading the
      baroreceptors. In hemorrhagic hypotension an integrated response from the
      different receptors is observed. No change occurs in the post- to precapillary
      resistance ratio in the splanchnic area even during prolonged hemorrhagic
      hypotension.

PMID- 6832386
TI  - Role of splanchnic venous system in overall cardiovascular homeostasis.
AB  - A blood reservoir is an organ or region containing a significant portion of the
      blood volume that can be mobilized by the sympathetic nervous system to subserve
      overall cardiovascular homeostasis. To be effective, the reservoir must be as
      insensitive as possible to the passive effects of changes in flows or external
      pressures. Evidence is presented that the splanchnic venous bed fulfills these
      criteria. Hepatic venous resistance maintains portal pressure and intrinsic
      hepatic arterial mechanisms maintain total hepatic flow. These mechanisms
      minimize passive effects of portal flow changes on splanchnic blood volume,
      whereas enclosure of the liver in the peritoneal cavity minimizes effects of
      external pressures. Up to 27% of total blood volume can be mobilized from the
      splanchnic venous bed by sympathetic stimulation. Maintenance of cardiac preload
      depends on the ability of the central nervous system to control venous compliance
      and hence to redistribute blood volume between peripheral organs and the
      cardiopulmonary compartment. Three examples of the role of the splanchnic blood
      reservoir in overall homeostasis are discussed: hemorrhage, splanchnic nerve
      stimulation, and responses to epinephrine. Reflex and central control of the
      splanchnic blood reservoir are discussed but available information is
      fragmentary.

PMID- 6832389
TI  - Role of binding in distribution of furosemide: where is nonrenal clearance?
AB  - Furosemide is an acidic drug that binds tightly to anionic binding sites on
      albumin, but has negligible binding to tissue proteins. As a consequence, it has
      a low volume of distribution of total drug at steady state (Vdss total), which is
      less than extracellular fluid volume. With decreases in serum albumin
      concentration, plasma protein binding decreases, total Vdss increases, and Vdss
      of free drug decreases in a manner that is quantitatively consistent with no
      change in tissue binding. The elimination of furosemide is partly by renal
      clearance of unchanged drug (predominantly because of renal tubule secretion) and
      partly by nonrenal routes. Glucuronidation appears to occur in extrahepatic sites
      in dogs and, possibly, humans. Residual nonrenal elimination is not influenced by
      liver disease but is reduced by probenecid pretreatment and uremia. Furthermore,
      there is appreciable recovery of 35S-labeled furosemide in feces after i.v.
      administration without the appearance of 35S in the bile. These observations are
      consistent with the hypothesis of active secretion of furosemide into the gut.
      The independent variables of distribution and elimination contribute to determine
      intersubject variability of plasma concentration-time profiles in health and
      disease and, therefore, are important in determining the extent and duration of
      diuretic response.

PMID- 6832388
TI  - Splanchnic circulation in hypertension.
AB  - The effect of arterial hypertension on the splanchnic circulation is assessed. In
      human essential hypertension, splanchnic vascular resistance rises in proportion
      to the blood pressure, and the transvascular escape rate of plasma proteins is
      increased. The various animal models of hypertension show variable results, but
      in general support the concept that vascular resistance changes in the splanchnic
      organs are similar in direction and magnitude to pressure changes. This is
      especially true in longer-term chronic experiments. These resistance changes
      appear to result from increased responsiveness of the arterioles to a variety of
      constrictor influences, and they may result from either structural or functional
      changes. Hypertension appears to alter splanchnic arteriolar permeability via a
      pressure-dependent mechanism. These vessels may also undergo degenerative
      histological changes. Capillaries and small venules experience increased
      endothelial permeability via a pressure-independent mechanism that is not
      mediated by angiotensin II. In addition to the resistive and exchange
      alterations, the capacitance function of splanchnic veins is reduced, probably
      via a structural change. Much work remains to be done before the characterization
      is complete. Especially needed are studies of individual organs with respect to
      vascular resistance, exchange, and capacitance alterations in the various models
      of hypertension.

PMID- 6832387
TI  - Splanchnic circulatory and tissue fluid dynamics in portal hypertension.
AB  - Bleeding esophagogastric varices and ascites are the most serious complications
      of portal hypertension. Rupture of varices develops because of progressively
      rising portal pressure as rapid splanchnic blood flow combines with increasing
      portal vascular resistance (active congestion). The greater the restriction to
      transhepatic portal venous flow, the less the increment in splanchnic blood flow
      required to generate a venous pressure ultimately exceeding the bursting tension
      of thin-walled varices. Ascites, on the other hand, represents an imbalance of
      hydrodynamic forces in the microcirculation of the liver and digestive tract.
      Large amounts of fluid are driven out of the vascular space into visceral
      tissues. When the rate of lymph return to the systemic venous circulation fails
      to keep pace with increased capillary filtration, peritoneal transudation ensues.
      A complex sequence of events is then set into motion leading to renal salt and
      water retention. Plasma volume is restored, but at the same time hepatosplanchnic
      lymph formation is aggravated and a vicious cycle is thereby created. Treatment
      depends on reduction of lymph formation by indirect (dietary restriction of salt
      and water and diuretic drugs) or direct (portasystemic shunt) portal
      decompression or, alternatively, on acceleration of an already rapid lymph return
      (peritoneovenous shunt) to match the high rate of lymph production.

PMID- 6832390
TI  - Determinants of access of diuretics to their site of action.
AB  - For consideration of the determinants of access of diuretics to their site of
      action to be meaningful, one must understand molecular modes of action of
      diuretics and the anatomic site of effect along the nephron in addition to
      determinants of the renal handling of diuretics. Although the molecular mode of
      action is known for a number of drugs, such as the inhibition of carbonic
      anhydrase by acetazolamide, that for loop diuretics remains obscure. Sites of
      diuretic action along the nephron have been well delineated through collation of
      results from in vitro and in vivo techniques in a variety of species. Loop
      diuretics clearly block chloride reabsorption throughout the thick ascending limb
      of the loop of Henle. Access of diuretics to their renal tubular sites of action
      varies among drugs. Important determinants are plasma protein binding, active
      tubular secretion, nonionic diffusion, and intrarenal metabolism.

PMID- 6832392
TI  - Bioavailability of essential and toxic trace elements. Introduction.

PMID- 6832391
TI  - Determinants of the overall response to furosemide: pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics.
AB  - After an oral or i.v. dose of furosemide, there is considerable interindividual
      variability in the amount of unchanged drug delivered into the urine. On the
      average, approximately half as much reaches the intraluminal site of action with
      an oral compared with an i.v. dose. However, the natriuretic response to the same
      dose administered by either route is virtually the same. Similarly, after
      pretreatment with probenecid, the same total amount of furosemide in urine causes
      a greater overall response. It has been presumed that this paradox is accounted
      for by differences in rate of delivery of furosemide to the active site such that
      after an oral dose or after pretreatment with probenecid, amounts of drug are at
      the "steep" portion of the dose-response curve for longer periods of time. Our
      analysis shows that this is not the case. For furosemide, the amount of diuretic
      delivered into the urine that is maximally efficient (21.5 micrograms/min) is
      considerably less than the amount causing half-maximal response (69.8
      micrograms/min). Oral administration or pretreatment with probenecid maintains
      drug close to this maximally efficient amount more persistently than does i.v.
      administration. By so doing, total response to an oral dose approaches that of
      i.v. dosing despite delivering half the amount of drug to the active site, and
      after probenecid an i.v. dose causes a greater response than i.v. dosing alone
      despite delivering the same amount of drug to the active site. These data
      emphasize the importance of the time course of delivery of drug to the active
      site as an independent determinant of overall response.

PMID- 6832393
TI  - Considerations in the design of selenium bioavailability studies.
AB  - Recommendations for safe and adequate dietary intakes of selenium were recently
      established. The recommendations were based largely on data from animals, because
      few data for humans were available. Some information regarding the dietary
      selenium intake required by humans to replace excretory losses has now appeared,
      but the bioavailability to humans of selenium from different dietary sources has
      not been determined. Selenium bioavailability depends on several metabolic
      processes, including not only absorption but also conversion into a biochemically
      active form. Of the different forms of selenium in foods, probably not all are
      converted to biologically active selenium with equal ease. Therefore,
      determination of selenium absorption may not in itself yield an accurate estimate
      of selenium bioavailability. Rather, functional tests, such as measurement of the
      selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase, apparently are more valid for determining
      selenium bioavailability. Various food sources of selenium for humans differ
      widely in their ability to restore hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity in
      selenium-depleted rats. Platelet glutathione peroxidase activity seems to be
      particularly promising for bioavailability studies because platelets are a
      convenient biopsy material and the platelet enzyme is sensitive to changes in
      dietary selenium intake. Work in progress should establish the feasibility of
      this approach for future research in this area.

PMID- 6832394
TI  - Cadmium bioavailability.
AB  - Cadmium slowly accumulates in the liver and kidney and has a long biological half
      life, estimated to be 2-3 decades in the kidney. If the kidney cadmium
      concentration reaches a critically high level, proximal tubular damage results,
      which can be followed by severe bone mineral loss. There are only a few
      measurements of cadmium bioavailability in foods; however, the data are
      indicative of lower utilization from foods than from inorganic salts. In animal
      tissues cadmium is bound primarily to a heat-resistant small protein with a high
      cysteine content (metallothionein), whereas little is known about the form in
      which cadmium occurs in the edible parts of plants. Low intakes of many nutrients
      exacerbate the effects of cadmium and supplemental intakes are protective.
      Newborn and young animals absorb much higher quantities of cadmium than adults.
      There is some evidence in animals that females may be more adversely affected
      than males. Itai-itai disease, a painful disease with kidney damage and bone
      demineralization, occurred in elderly Japanese women who had borne several
      children and who were exposed to cadmium via food and drinking water. Inasmuch as
      cadmium in the U.S. food supply affords an estimated safety factor of only 4- to
      15-fold, it is important to establish factors that affect the bioavailability of
      cadmium from foods.

PMID- 6832398
TI  - Abstracts: 74th annual meeting, American Society of Biological Biochemists. San
      Francisco, California, June 5-7, 1983.

PMID- 6832396
TI  - Aspects of trace element interactions during development.
AB  - The origins of nutritional trace element deficiencies are summarized. Inadequate
      intake results in primary deficiency, whereas secondary or conditioned
      deficiencies can arise in several ways including trace element interactions.
      Evidence is presented and discussed for interactions of essential trace elements
      during prenatal and early postnatal development. Diets of widely different zinc
      and copper concentrations and ratios were fed to pregnant rats. Analysis of fetal
      outcome and copper and zinc concentrations of maternal and fetal livers showed
      that although there is an interaction between these metals it occurs only at
      levels of dietary copper deficiency. Iron and manganese interact so that high
      levels of one depress absorption of the other. Mice fed iron-supplemented diets
      had liver manganese concentrations lower than those of unsupplemented mice. Iron
      supplements at high but not low levels also depressed absorption of zinc.
      Conversely, zinc deficiency in pregnant rats caused higher than normal
      concentrations of iron in maternal and fetal liver. Trace element analyses of
      proprietary infant formulas indicate that in some, concentrations and ratios of
      these trace elements may be incorrect. The effects of essential trace element
      interactions during development should be further investigated. Caution is urged
      in considering levels of trace element supplements during pregnancy, lactation,
      or early childhood.

PMID- 6832395
TI  - Biotoxicity of lead: influence of various factors.
AB  - Environmental sources of lead are multiple, and a number of factors influence
      their toxicity. However, with the exception of tetramethyl and tetraethyl lead,
      the particular compound of lead seems to have relatively little influence on
      toxicity compared with the particle size of the source and the route and
      frequency of exposure. Susceptibility to lead toxicity is greater among immature
      animals and very young children because of their higher levels of lead ingestion,
      greater absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, higher percent lead retention
      in tissues, and greater reactivity of organs, particularly the central nervous
      system. Marginal nutritional status also increases susceptibility to lead
      toxicity. Dietary factors influencing toxicity of lead include total calories,
      calcium, iron, zinc, fat, ascorbic acid, and protein. Although vitamin D,
      specifically the metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, increases lead
      absorption in vitamin D-deficient animals, clinical studies have shown that lead
      burdened children have reduced rather than elevated plasma 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Bioavailability of lead, as shown by tissue lead
      concentrations, is not always an adequate predictor of lead toxicity. For
      example, concurrent exposure to cadmium results in higher toxicity of lead to the
      hematopoietic system, but lowers tissue lead levels substantially. Low dietary
      calcium increases the total body burden of lead but disproportionately increases
      the deposition of lead in nonosseous tissues.

PMID- 6832400
TI  - Hysteroscopy--the womb revisited.

PMID- 6832399
TI  - Ejaculatory dysfunction.

PMID- 6832397
TI  - Immunity to intestinal parasites: role of mast cells and goblet cells.
AB  - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection of rats and mice is a model for studying
      immunity at mucosal surfaces. Adult worms are spontaneously expelled from the
      intestine at the end of the second week of infection. Expulsion from the jejunum
      requires the presence of immune T lymphocytes and IgG antibodies. Mucosal mast
      cells (MMCs) are a prominent part of the jejunal inflammatory response. They are
      derived from a hematopoietic stem cell, possibly the same precursor as basophils.
      Their differentiation is not absolutely T dependent but their accumulation at the
      site of infection is. The possible involvement of IgE antibodies and intestinal
      MMCs through a "leak lesion" is still uncertain. Increased mucus secretion from
      epithelial goblet cells is also a prominent feature of the inflammatory reaction
      at the site of infection. Goblet cell numbers increase two to four times at the
      onset of worm expulsion; this increase is regulated by T lymphocytes and possibly
      immune serum. The mechanism of mucus secretion in these infections is not clear;
      it may be a response to mast cell mediators. Together with antiworm antibodies,
      intestinal mucus may trap worms and prevent them from surviving in the
      intervillous spaces of the jejunum. Thus, expulsion of this intestinal parasite
      may occur through a nonspecific process that is induced by specific immune
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6832401
TI  - Evaluation of diagnostic ultrasound as a parameter of follicular development in
      an in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - The ultrasound results in 141 patients through 203 cycles stimulated with
      clomiphene citrate prior to oocyte collection and in vitro fertilization are
      analyzed. A wide range in the size and number of follicles was seen. Bivariate
      analysis of the size of the largest follicle, compared with the time of the
      spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, has shown a highly significant
      correlation (r = 0.720; P less than 0.001) between these two variables, but the
      accuracy of prediction of the LH surge in a specific cycle, as expressed by the
      standard error of estimate, was 34.3 hours. As an isolated observation,
      ultrasound results are no better than the menstrual history in predicting the
      time of the LH surge in stimulated cycles. Multiparameter assessment of
      follicular development is required.

PMID- 6832403
TI  - Oocyte recovery, in vitro insemination, and transfer into the oviduct after its
      microsurgical repair at a single laparotomy.
AB  - A method combining recovery of a preovulatory oocyte, its in vitro insemination,
      and transfer into the oviduct with tubal microsurgery at a single laparotomy is
      described. Of four women in whom tubal microsurgery was clinically indicated and
      the accompanying tubal transfer of an oocyte inseminated in vitro was performed,
      two became pregnant. It is not clear whether fertilization occurred in vitro or
      in vivo. One of the pregnancies miscarried in the fifth week after surgery; the
      other pregnancy continued without any complications. A normal male infant was
      subsequently delivered at term. The proposed method is discussed as a possible
      alternative to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in some cases of
      infertility and as a suitable supplemental procedure in some cases in which tubal
      microsurgery is indicated.

PMID- 6832402
TI  - Analysis of the benefits and risks of multiple embryo transfer.
AB  - Depending on embryo quality and recipient factors, increasing the number of
      embryos transferred after in vitro fertilization may produce more pregnant
      patients or more multiple pregnancies. An analysis is outlined demonstrating how
      observations on the placement of two embryos in the uterus may be used to
      estimate the risks and benefits associated with the transfer of multiple embryos.
      Currently, the highest pregnancy rates are obtained with multiple embryo
      transfers, and these results are compared with the mathematical model.

PMID- 6832405
TI  - Effect of the suppository base on progesterone delivery from the vagina.
AB  - Inadequate levels of circulating progesterone (P) seen in clinical practice can
      be increased by P supplementation. When supplementation is via the vaginal route,
      its presentation may be in many different suppository bases. We have measured
      circulating P in the follicular phase to compare delivery from the vagina after P
      was presented in three different bases (glycerinated gelatin, cocoa butter, and
      polyethylene glycol). The mean peak level achieved and the area under the curve
      were highest after supplementation from polyethylene glycol-based suppositories.
      The duration of elevation above baseline was similar with all three
      suppositories. It is concluded that the suppository base is important in
      controlling the amount of this steroid absorbed from a given amount presented by
      this route.

PMID- 6832404
TI  - Pregnancy following use of the cervical cup for home artificial insemination
      utilizing homologous semen.
AB  - Sixty-one couples with infertility from 1 to 11 years were instructed in the use
      of the cervical cup for artificial insemination using homologous semen in the
      privacy of their own homes. There have been 36 reported pregnancies in 32 of
      these couples. Among women with primary infertility, the pregnancy rate was 43%;
      it was 67% for those with secondary infertility and 53% overall. Sperm counts and
      percent motility, as well as postcoital test results, however, failed to be
      indicative of eventual ability to conceive. Regardless, among couples with
      documented infertility, this method provided over half of the couples with at
      least one pregnancy. Additionally, the technique is simple, inexpensive, without
      significant risk or discomfort, and can be carried out by a couple at their
      convenience and in privacy.

PMID- 6832406
TI  - Effects of oral contraceptives on serum lipid profiles of women runners.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of oral
      contraceptive (OC) use and strenuous exercise on the lipid profiles of a group of
      11 women runners. The five runners who used OCs had lipid profiles within normal
      ranges. When compared with a group of six runners who were not using OCs, matched
      for body fat and cholesterol intake, no significant differences in lipid profiles
      were seen. Women who choose to use OCs may offset previously documented
      alterations in lipid levels through a regular physical exercise program.

PMID- 6832407
TI  - The effects of oral contraceptives on respiration.
AB  - The effect synthetic progestins found in current oral contraceptives may exert on
      respiratory function has not been thoroughly investigated. This study monitored
      potential changes in respiratory parameters 3 and 6 months subsequent to
      beginning administration. Static and timed spirometric maneuvers showed
      significant increases in only tidal volume (P = 0.01). Ventilatory response to
      treadmill exercise monitored the oxygen uptake, CO2 elimination (VCO2), minute
      ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio at each of four workloads. An
      analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA) for the slopes revealed no significant
      variation between test periods. The ANCOVA for the means showed increases in VE
      and VCO2. These results suggest a stimulatory role for synthetic progestins,
      although ventilatory performance in response to moderate exercise does not appear
      compromised.

PMID- 6832408
TI  - Nuclear estrogen binding sites in human endometriosis.
AB  - With a technique of in vitro steroid autoradiography, the localization of nuclear
      estrogen binding sites has been studied in ovarian endometriotic foci from
      untreated patients in both the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle. Unlike
      the uterine endometrium, which displays cyclic changes in estrogen binding sites,
      the endometriotic foci show no such changes in the localization of estrogen
      binding sites. Throughout the cycle, a marked degree of estrogen binding is
      present in the stromal cells of the endometriotic foci, while in the uterine
      endometrium stromal binding sites are seen only during the proliferative phase
      and not during the secretory phase of the cycle. The glandular epithelium of the
      endometriotic foci displays a patchy localization of nuclear estrogen binding
      sites at all stages, while the glandular epithelium of the uterus is strongly
      positive during the proliferative phase but displays no estrogen binding sites
      during the secretory phase of the cycle. Thus, the endometriotic foci appear to
      respond differently to ovarian hormones, both in terms of the modulation of
      estrogen binding and in terms of glandular histology.

PMID- 6832409
TI  - Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men.
AB  - The relationship between age and semen characteristics has been studied; any
      effect due to the influence of the length of abstinence preceding ejaculation was
      eliminated. There is an improvement in semen characteristics up to 25 years of
      age, followed by a leveling off and a subsequent decrease. This variation is not
      significant as far as the sperm count, semen volume, and the total number of
      spermatozoa are concerned. The variation, although small, is highly significant
      for the morphologic characteristics and prefreeze and postthaw motility. The
      values for the older subjects were significantly lower for postthaw motility in
      the group 36 to 40 years of age, in the group 41 to 45 years of age for
      morphologic normality, and in the group 46 to 50 years of age for prefreeze
      motility. The lower values in the group 21 to 25 years of age are particularly
      noticeable with regard to morphologic characteristics. The same curve is
      encountered in the variation with age of each abnormal form, but the most marked
      variation is found in the increased percentage of coiled tails, which first
      appears in the group 36 to 40 years of age.

PMID- 6832411
TI  - Plasma androgens during early pregnancy in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus).
AB  - Time-mated baboons (n = 8) were bled throughout the luteal phase of the cycle of
      conception, and an equal number of nonpregnant animals were studied as controls.
      A significant increase in plasma testosterone and androstenedione was seen in the
      cycle of conception prior to expected menses, whereas the levels in nonpregnant
      baboons were unchanged throughout the luteal phase. Plasma testosterone and
      androstenedione continued their rise in three pregnant baboons sampled between
      days 16 and 33 of gestation. In an additional three baboons bled at 4-day
      intervals from day 35 through day 75, there was a further increase to about day
      40, but by day 50 the androgen levels had declined to nonpregnant luteal phase
      levels and remained constant. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin during
      the nonpregnant luteal phase caused increases in both testosterone and
      androstenedione. Removal of the ovary bearing the corpus luteum at day 20 of
      gestation resulted in abortion and a sharp drop in plasma progesterone and
      estradiol. One baboon had a dramatic decline of the elevated plasma androgen
      following oophorectomy, while another that did not have elevated androgen levels
      showed only a trivial decline. Pregnancy continued in two baboons in which the
      corpus luteum-bearing ovary was removed at day 25 or day 30. There was only a
      slight drop in plasma progesterone postoperatively and a rapid return to normal
      levels. A similar decline, with a more gradual recovery, was noted in plasma
      estradiol and androgen levels. In one animal the androgen levels were increased
      by about day 40 and subsequently declined by day 50, just as did the androgens of
      unoperated pregnant baboons. Estrogen administration in early pregnancy causes a
      suppression of the normal increases in plasma estradiol and androgen levels.

PMID- 6832412
TI  - Hysteroscopic resection of the uterine septum in the presence of a septate
      cervix.

PMID- 6832413
TI  - Fertility following microsurgical dissociation of the ovary and fimbria in the
      rhesus monkey.

PMID- 6832414
TI  - Seasonal variation in sperm counts.

PMID- 6832410
TI  - The incidence of sperm-associated immunoglobulin and C3, the third component of
      complement, in infertile men.
AB  - One hundred four consecutive men who underwent a semen analysis as part of their
      infertility evaluation were assayed for sperm-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) and
      the third component of complement (C3). Sixteen (15%) of the 104 men had
      increased IgG, and 10 (12%) of 86 men tested had increased IgA on their sperm;
      however, only 4 (5%) of the 87 men tested were positive for plasma IgG antisperm
      antibody. Only 2 (13%) of the 16 men with increased sperm-associated IgG had
      detectable IgG antisperm antibodies in their seminal plasma. Five (10%) of 50 men
      tested had increased sperm-associated C3; none had seminal plasma that deposited
      C3 on sperm. These data suggest that of the three compartments that can be tested
      -circulating plasma, seminal plasma, and the sperm surface--the direct
      measurement of sperm surface Ig may be most important in the evaluation of
      infertile men. The presence of sperm-associated IgG or IgA was not associated
      with semen abnormality. In contrast, the presence of sperm-associated IgG was
      associated with decreased mucus penetration at the time of postcoital testing
      despite normal-appearing mucus.

PMID- 6832415
TI  - [Evoked potentials in the cat amygdaloid complex in response to afferent
      stimuli].

PMID- 6832416
TI  - [Effect of noradrenaline on glucose absorption in the small intestine].

PMID- 6832420
TI  - [Evoked potentials in the neocortical projection areas of rabbits to dental pulp
      stimulation].

PMID- 6832418
TI  - [Mechanisms of the relaxing action of verapamil and noradrenaline on the smooth
      muscle cells of the coronary arteries].

PMID- 6832419
TI  - [Cerebral hemodynamics in children and adolescents based on data from the
      radionuclide determination of regional volumetric cerebral blood flow].

PMID- 6832421
TI  - [Sympathetic-adrenal system under hypoxic conditions].

PMID- 6832417
TI  - [Chlorine ion content and the ionic permeability of the erythrocyte membranes of
      healthy persons and of periodontosis patients].

PMID- 6832424
TI  - [Changes in the excitability of the acoustic analyzer in the dog as affected by
      trace reflexes formed directly to pure tone].

PMID- 6832422
TI  - [Relationship of the quality of information processing to the level of
      professional activity of the human operator].

PMID- 6832423
TI  - [Effect of multiple radiant heat exposures on body resistance to convection
      heating and total cooling].

PMID- 6832425
TI  - [Thermoregulation characteristics of heat-adapted rats exposed to cold].

PMID- 6832426
TI  - [Effect of salivary gland extracts and saliva on gastric mucosal function].

PMID- 6832429
TI  - Breast Cancer Management Program update. A report of the 1981 status of patients
      diagnosed from 1974-1978.

PMID- 6832427
TI  - [Preparation of progesterone secreting cells from rat ovaries by a density
      gradient].
AB  - Isolation of progesterone secreting cells from the ovaries of immature rats
      pretreated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) was conducted by a simple
      procedure which combined the collagenase digestion with a density gradient
      method. After digestion of the ovarian tissue slices by the enzyme, the residue
      was gently pressed and placed on a sucrose density gradient. Three bands
      appearing in the tube after centrifugation were designated as S-1, S-2 and S-3
      from the top to the bottom, respectively. The S-1 cells from the ovaries at 6
      days after PMS secreted the greatest amount progesterone, i.e. approximately 430
      ng per 10(5) cells during the 18th incubation. Progesterone secretion from the S
      2 cells was less than 48% of that from the S-1 cells. A physiological
      interrelation between the S-1 and S-2 cells remains unexplained by the present
      experiment. The luteal cells were yellow, spheroidal and 15 to 40 mus in
      diameter. Many vesicle-like particles were found on the cell surfaces.
      Progesterone secretion from the prepared cells was stimulated significantly by
      hCG in vitro. This result indicates that progesterone secreting cells isolated by
      the collagenase-sucrose density gradient preserve their native function as luteal
      cells. The procedure for preparation of luteal cells in the present report may
      provide a suitable model for in vitro studies on the corpus luteum.

PMID- 6832428
TI  - [Investigations on the mechanism(s) of the production of anti-thyroid hormone
      antibodies. 1. Anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in rabbits and mice immunized with
      human thyroglobulin].

PMID- 6832431
TI  - A hazards-model analysis of the covariates of infant and child mortality in Sri
      Lanka.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to provide a complete self-contained
      exposition of estimating life tables with covariates through the use of hazards
      models, and (b) to illustrate this technique with a substantive analysis of child
      mortality in Sri Lanka, thereby demonstrating that World Fertility Survey data
      are a valuable source for the study of child mortality. We show that life tables
      with covariates can be easily estimated with standard computer packages designed
      for analysis of contingency tables. The substantive analysis confirms and
      supplements an earlier study of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka by
      Meegama. Those factors found to be strongly associated with mortality are
      mother's and father's education, time period of birth, urban/rural/estate
      residence, ethnicity, sex, birth order, age of the mother at the birth, and type
      of toilet facility.

PMID- 6832430
TI  - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 6832432
TI  - Development, inequality, health care, and mortality at the older ages: a cross
      national analysis.
AB  - We examine mortality at ages 50 and above in female populations of 38 countries
      and control for variation in quality of the mortality data. We find that economic
      development, economic distributional inequality, and basic primary health care
      have independent cross-national effects on cause of death structures and that
      these effects are not uniform across the age intervals of interest. As
      improvements occur in level of living and health care, age-specific death rates
      decline except at the oldest ages, at which point they may increase. Our results
      are interpreted in terms of their relevance for mortality research, theory, and
      policy.

PMID- 6832433
TI  - Temporal variations in mortality: a comparison of U.S. suicides and motor vehicle
      fatalities, 1972-1976.
AB  - Among the various types of mortality, motor vehicle fatalities (MVF) and suicides
      are two that are very responsive to social, economic, and psychological factors.
      The analysis of the temporal patterns of suicides and MVF points to important but
      neglected forces affecting them. This paper examines the daily patterns of MVF
      and suicides for the United States from 1972 to 1976. The effects of the day of
      the week, month, year, and holidays on these types of mortality are estimated.
      Total MVF and suicides, as well as daily differentials by sex, age, and race, are
      analyzed with regression techniques. The results show that temporal variations
      are stronger in MVF than in suicides but are present in both. MVF tend to peak on
      Saturday, in the summer months, in 1972 and 1973, and on holidays. Suicides are
      generally highest on Monday, in the spring months, in 1975 and 1976, and on
      nonholidays. Differentials in the temporal patterns are evident. For instance,
      whites generally have a sharper decline in suicides on holidays than do
      nonwhites. The holiday peak in MVF for the 60 and over population is Christmas,
      while it is New Year's for the younger age groups. Males exhibit a greater
      increase in suicides from March to May than do females. Finally, the results of a
      comparison of the daily patterns of MVF and suicides revealed a negative
      correlation. This contrasted with the strong positive relationship between MVF
      and suicides generally found in cross-sectional studies. The implications of
      these findings are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6832436
TI  - [Erythrokeratodermia congenitalis progressiva symmetrica Gottron and cataract].

PMID- 6832435
TI  - The number of illegal migrants of Mexican origin in the United States: sex ratio
      based estimates for 1980.
AB  - This article reports the results of applying a sex ratio-based method to estimate
      the number of undocumented Mexicans residing in the United States in 1980. The
      approach centers on a comparison between the hypothetical sex ratio one would
      expect to find in Mexico in the absence of emigration to the United States and
      the sex ratio that is in fact reported in preliminary results from the 1980
      Mexican Census. The procedure involves, inter alia, assuming a range of values
      for the sex ratio at birth and for census coverage differentials by sex in
      Mexico. Even the combinations of these values most likely to result in large
      estimates suggest that no more than 4 million illegal migrants of Mexican origin
      were residing in the United States in 1980.

PMID- 6832437
TI  - [Intraoperative temperature course control in basaloma cryosurgery].

PMID- 6832438
TI  - [Acquired postinflammatory dermatochalasis following cold urticaria].

PMID- 6832434
TI  - Attitudes toward abortion among Catholic Mexican-American women: the effects of
      religiosity and education.
AB  - Contrary to observed trends in religious fertility and contraceptive use
      differentials, Catholic/non-Catholic differentials in attitudes toward abortion
      have not been converging. This study suggests that this may be due to an
      interaction between religiosity and education. In a sample of Catholic Mexican
      American women in Los Angeles County, the authors found that among respondents
      brought up in Mexico, education had a liberalizing effect on their attitudes.
      With the exception of the most devout, the same trend was observed among U.S.
      reared respondents. Among the most religious group, however, education had the
      opposite effect, suggesting that convergence will be delayed.

PMID- 6832439
TI  - [Catamnestic studies of hirsutism].

PMID- 6832440
TI  - [Experiences with 2 short-term anthralin therapy schedules].

PMID- 6832442
TI  - [Labeling of fresh and cryopreserved sheep and human sperm with 125I].

PMID- 6832441
TI  - [Darkness effect in photochemotherapy. I. Effect of 8-methoxypsoralen on the
      epidermal patch test in allergic contact eczema].

PMID- 6832443
TI  - [Familial occurrence of lichen ruber planus].

PMID- 6832444
TI  - [Histopathology of basaloma cryolesions].

PMID- 6832445
TI  - The effect of oral estriol succinate therapy on the endometrial morphology in
      postmenopausal women: the significance of fractionation of the dose.
AB  - Postmenopausal women were given estriol succinate orally in a daily dose of 4 mg
      X 2 for 14 days or 4 mg X 2, 8 mg X 1 and 2 mg in the morning + 2 mg at noon + 4
      mg in the evening for 4 wk. Each group consisted of 4 women. The effect of the
      estrogen treatment was estimated by the endometrial curettage samples taken both
      before and after the hormone treatment. The curettage samples were studied by
      both light and electron microscopy. The results showed that a treatment period of
      4 wk was necessary to obtain any effect. When 8 mg of estriol succinate was given
      in a single dose only a slight effect was obtained on the endometrium but when
      the same dose was divided in 2 daily 4 mg parts, the endometrium showed clearly
      proliferative changes. Thus estriol is able to produce the same endometrial
      effect as estradiol. Ultrastructurally the hormone treatment caused an increase
      in the cytoplasm of the endometrial epithelial cells. Also, whorls of cytoplasmic
      microfilaments often appeared near the nucleus of the cells.

PMID- 6832448
TI  - Early fibrogenicity of asbestos fibers in visceral peritoneum.
AB  - Different asbestos types and milled asbestos cement were inoculated
      intraperitoneally into mice. Mesenteric tissue (appendices epiploicae) was
      examined by transmission electron microscopy at different intervals between 2 h
      and 3 weeks after exposure to asbestos. As early as 2 h after asbestos
      administration, the investigated tissues exhibited focal mesothelial cell loss
      barring the basement membrane, which at some points was even disrupted. Severe
      cell damage, obviously caused by the mineral fibers, was discernible in the
      remaining mesothelial cells. At a later stage, the whole peritoneal sheet
      underwent inflammatory and diffuse fibrotic processes. The early surface
      irritation is due to the mechanical influence of the penetrating asbestos fibers.
      The results confirm our previously published findings with the scanning electron
      microscope that asbestos has distinct fibrogenic properties.

PMID- 6832447
TI  - Massive hemoperitoneum due to IUD.

PMID- 6832449
TI  - Lectin-defined cell surface glycoconjugates of pancreatic cancer cells and their
      nonmalignant counterparts.
AB  - Alterations of cell surface carbohydrates of human pancreatic cancer cells from
      long-term cultures (COLO 357, RPMI 7451, PC 103, PC 107) were assessed
      ultrastructurally by use of an array of lectin-enzyme conjugates, and compared
      with lectin-defined changes of glycoconjugates on human pancreatic tissue
      sections of normal and various pathological conditions. Ulex europeus and, to a
      lesser degree, Lotus tetragonolobus lectin binding indicate that L-fucose
      containing glycoconjugates are expressed predominantly on pancreatic cancer cell
      surfaces, but not, or restricted to intracytoplasmic structures, on nonmalignant
      pancreas cells. A comparable binding pattern to pancreatic carcinoma cells is
      found for Phaseolus vulgaris lectin. This is in contrast to the results with soy
      bean lectin, the reactivity of which was not restricted to cancer cell surfaces,
      and with Helix pomatia lectin, which did not bind to pancreatic cancer cells at
      all, although the latter three lectins possess similar sugar specificities.
      Between the long-term-cultured malignant pancreas cells differences were observed
      concerning the binding of wheat germ and pokeweed lectin. Besides, qualitative
      assets of lectin-binding absorption analyses elaborated quantitative differences
      in the expression of lectin-defined glycoconjugates on pancreatic cancer cell
      surfaces.

PMID- 6832450
TI  - Biological activity of synthetic subunits of Streptococcus peptidoglycan. II.
      Relation of peptidoglycan subunits and analogues to fever effect and induction of
      tolerance.
AB  - A series of synthetic subunits and analogues of streptococcal peptidoglycan was
      prepared and used in fever and tolerance experiments on rabbits. The lengthening
      of the chain of the peptide moiety of peptidoglycan did not result in pyrogenic
      activity, except for hexapeptide. Attachment of the muramyl residue rendered the
      peptides pyrogenic. The activity of such materials varied in degree and was
      rather in an indirect relation to peptide chain length. A change in the
      configuration of C4-OH or C3-OR in the muramyl residue resulted in a profound
      decrease in pyrogenicity. No inhibitory effect of N-acetylmuramyl-D-alanyl-D
      isoglutamine on muramyldipeptide (MDP) pyrogenicity could be demonstrated.
      Repeated administration of MDP resulted in the induction of tolerance to the
      pyrogenicity of this substance in rabbits. These animals were not tolerant to the
      pyrogenicity of peptidoglycan. Nontolerance was also observed in reciprocal
      experiments with these materials as well as in trials with hexapeptide and
      peptidoglycan given in either order. The data are consistent with the assumption
      that peptidoglycan contains more than one biologically active subunit. There is a
      structure-to-function relationship. The knowledge of the biological effects of
      the synthetic analogues is essential for the prospect of their use under model or
      human conditions.

PMID- 6832446
TI  - Antenatal real-time ultrasound diagnosis of a congenital cardiac malformation.
AB  - A case is presented of the antenatal diagnosis of a congenital cardiac
      abnormality in the fetus of a narcotic dependent mother, diagnosed by two
      dimensional echocardiography. Infants born to narcotic dependent mothers require
      intensive management for their withdrawal symptoms, which may include respiratory
      and feeding difficulties. Possible cardiac abnormalities may not be considered as
      a cause for these symptoms until more overt signs appear. The clinical course of
      infants with coarctation of the aorta, which occurs in 1/1600 live births, is
      related to the type and degree of coarctation and to the presence, or absence, of
      other cardiac lesions. Antenatal knowledge of a cardiac malformation should allow
      the planning of suitable modes of delivery and prompt treatment even before the
      onset of obvious clinical signs.

PMID- 6832452
TI  - Exogenous fibronectin requirement for adhesion by neoplastic human cells.
AB  - We have studied the effect of serum, plasma and plasma fibronectin on the
      spreading behavior of several normal and neoplastic human cells using a
      quantitative spreading assay. Normal human cells are rich in surface fibronectin
      and are able to spread in the absence of serum or exogenous fibronectin. Virus
      transformed cells and cells of neoplastic origin have reduced or no recognizable
      surface fibronectin and are dependent on serum or plasma for spreading. In
      agreement with previous studies on rodent cells, fibronectin appears to be the
      major factor responsible for this effect. Neoplastic cells can spread on
      fibronectin-coated substrata or can recruit fibronectin directly from the medium.
      The capacity of transformed cells to recruit fibronectin from the medium
      correlates with the presence of intercellular fibronectin as seen by the
      immunofluorescence technique on monolayer cultures. Our results are in keeping
      with the concept that neoplastic cells may be dependent on extracellular
      fibronectin for adherence in vivo and that this dependency may vary between
      different cell types.

PMID- 6832451
TI  - Blood cells and their role in regeneration. I. Changes in circulating blood cell
      counts during forelimb regeneration.
AB  - The possible role of leukocytes in regeneration was examined through the
      evaluation of quantitative changes in circulating blood cell counts during
      forelimb regeneration in adult newts. Leukocyte counts declined during the first
      2 weeks, then returned to preamputational levels. Thrombocytes were also
      depressed (40-67%) throughout the progressive stages (9-30 days). In addition,
      lymphocytes were reduced, especially during the preblastemic phase (less than 15
      days). In contrast, neutrophils were increased immediately following wound
      healing and during the differentiation stages, but were otherwise unchanged.
      These variations appear to reflect physiological changes occurring during
      regeneration and are consistent with a potential role for leukocytes in
      regeneration.

PMID- 6832453
TI  - Aspects of the biochemistry of meat.

PMID- 6832454
TI  - Recent advances in ruminant biochemistry: nitrogen digestion and metabolism.

PMID- 6832455
TI  - Enzyme cytochemistry--the present state of the art.

PMID- 6832456
TI  - Studies of factors regulating the ageing of human erythrocytes--V. The role of
      vesiculation in the loss of membrane-bound sialic acid.
AB  - 1. Erythrocytes aged in vitro in protein-free media with and without leukocytes,
      release glycopeptides and vesicles. 2. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor
      (SbTI) blocks almost completely the release of glycopeptides but not the
      vesiculation. 3. Vesicles appear as a heterogeneous population with a diameter of
      125 +/- 20 nm and with a lower content of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAN) than
      ghosts of the original erythrocytes. 4. The NAN:phosphorus and NAN:cholesterol
      ratios in the vesicles are lower than in intact membranes. 5. The results
      indicate a redistribution of membrane components during in vitro erythrocyte
      incubation and the major importance of sialopeptides release in comparison with
      vesiculation.

PMID- 6832457
TI  - Rat brain malic enzyme: subcellular distribution and kinetic studies from two
      brain regions.
AB  - 1. The subcellular distribution of malic enzyme in two different brain regions
      (frontal cortex and striatum) is studied in adult rats. 2. A bimodal distribution
      is found in both regions: 75% being localized in the mitochondrial fraction and
      the remaining 25% in the cytosol. 3. In the frontal cortex, free mitochondria is
      enriched with the enzyme, while, in striatum, free as well as synaptic
      mitochondria, presented the same activity. 4. Kinetic studies of the malic
      enzymes show two Km values when malate is used as substrate. A higher Km value
      for free mitochondria as compared with a lower one found for the cytosolic and
      synaptosomal mitochondria suggests the presence of two enzyme populations. 5. The
      following are common characteristics for the two enzyme populations: NADP
      dependence, use of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ as cofactor and hyperbolic malate
      saturation curves not affected by dicarboxylic acids.

PMID- 6832458
TI  - The chitin-degrading enzyme system of a Streptomyces species.
AB  - 1. In the study of natural chitin metabolism by a strain of Streptomyces, we have
      separated by affinity chromatography the different extracellular chitinolytic
      enzymes synthetised by the microorganism. 2. N-acetylglucosaminidase (pHi = 3.6)
      with activity against the synthetic soluble derivatives from beta-D-N
      acetylglucosamine, and against the chitobiose, with respectively pH optimum = 4.4
      4.7 and 5.3 (mol. wt = 50,000). 3. N-acetylhexosaminidase (pHi = 8.5) with
      activity against M.U.G. 4. Chitinase (pHi = 4.25) with solubilizing activity
      against colloidal chitin, and hydrolyzing activity against 3,4
      dinitrophenylchitotetraoside, if the pH is 6 less than pH less than 10. (mol. wt
      56,000). 5. Chitinases (pHi = 7.5 and 8.2) with activity against colloidal chitin
      if the pH is 4.5 less than pH less than 9. (mol wt = 20,000).

PMID- 6832459
TI  - The effect of heparin on the porcine lymphocyte chromatin--I. The comparative
      study of DNA in different chromatin fractions.
AB  - 1. Porcine lymphocyte chromatin in the solution of 0.15 M NaCl + 0.01 M Tris, pH
      7 treated with heparin liberated 30% protein and 7.5% DNA to the supernatant. 2.
      DNA from the supernatant and the pellet fractions as well as from control
      chromatin were isolated in identical conditions. 3. No significant changes were
      observed in spectral properties and melting points in SSC of comparable DNA
      specimens. 4. It was noted, however, that DNA of the supernatant is subject to
      denaturation in the process of isolation, which, apart from the difference in
      protein composition of the supernatant and the pellet fractions, suggests
      different chromatin structure of these fractions.

PMID- 6832460
TI  - Studies on creatine kinase in rat submandibular gland.
AB  - 1. Creatine kinase activities in cytosol and mitochondrial fractions of rat
      submandibular gland were separated clearly by DEAE cellulose column
      chromatography and by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. 2. Creatine
      kinase in cytosol fraction was brain type. 3. A portion of mitochondrial creatine
      kinase was tightly bound to mitochondria, and was solubilized with Triton X-100.
      4. Mitochondrial creatine kinase was separated into 2 portions by DEAE cellulose
      column chromatography, but not by electrophoresis and gel filtration. 5. Kinetic
      analysis indicated mitochondrial creatine kinase was directed for the formation
      of creatine phosphate.

PMID- 6832461
TI  - Management of clinical trials in developing countries.

PMID- 6832462
TI  - Antiaggregant effect of indobufen (K3920) measured by the platelet aggregate
      filtration pressure test (PAFP).
AB  - The platelet aggregate filtration pressure test (PAFP) was used to study the
      aggregant activity of single doses of 200 mg indobufen, administered either
      orally or by i.v. injection. This double-blind study using placebo in a crossover
      design was conducted in twelve patients whose baseline aggregation values were
      high. The compound showed markedly different antiaggregant activity from placebo
      at the various observation times after administration. The two administration
      routes did not produce any significant differences. The PAFP test can be useful
      in identifying atherosclerotic patients with platelet hyperaggregation, and for
      clinical pharmacology studies with platelet antiaggregant drugs.

PMID- 6832463
TI  - Report on a double-blind comparison of two different regimens of dothiepin
      (prothiaden).
AB  - Thirty patients diagnosed as suffering from endogenous depression were entered
      into a 3-week double-blind trial comparing three times a day dosage of dothiepin
      with a single night-time dosage in a dosage range of 75 mg to 225 mg per day. The
      trial was conducted on in-patients and assessments were made pretrial and after 1
      and 3 weeks. The patients were assessed by clinician-rated scales for psychomotor
      and psychic symptoms and by Zung's self-rating scale. Fifteen patients received
      dothiepin three times a day (day-time group) and fifteen received it as a single
      night-time dose (nocte group). There were two withdrawals in the day-time group
      and three in the nocte group. All withdrawals were due to lack of therapeutic
      effect. Over the 3-week trial 67% of the day-time group and 47% of the nocte
      group showed a clinical improvement. It was found that there was no statistically
      significant difference between the two methods of treatment. In the day-time
      group seven patients and in the night-time group nine patients suffered from side
      effects. No particular pattern of side-effects emerged. There were no drug
      related changes in the laboratory results. It was concluded that the therapeutic
      effect of both dosage regimes should be regarded as equivalent. Advantages, due
      to the specific action of dothiepin, compared with classical antidepressants for
      reference, could, however, not be presumed by the clinical impression.

PMID- 6832464
TI  - Acute gonococcal urethritis: treatment with a single dose of rifampicin.
AB  - A total of 103 patients with acute gonococcal urethritis were treated with a
      single 1,200 mg dose of rifampicin. A 91 . 3% cure rate was obtained, as proved
      by the negative bacteriological controls effected on the 7th and 14th days after
      the initiation of therapy. Three pharyngeal infections and one ano-rectal
      infection responded successfully to the treatment. No signs of drug intolerance
      were detected with the stated dose. Reactivity to the VDRL test was not impaired
      during the duration of the study and three reactive cases were discovered. In
      previous studies of gonorrhoea we had observed a significant discrepancy between
      urine cultures and the urethral smears and, in view of this, it was decided to
      adopt the latter alone as a routine procedure. The proposed dose does not
      originate resistance to rifampicin in either the Hansen or Koch bacilli.

PMID- 6832465
TI  - A comparative study of the therapeutic effect of dithranol cream 0.1% and 0.25%
      with that of dithranol stylus 0.1% and 0.2% in the treatment of psoriasis.
AB  - In Dithranol cream the oily phase is emulsified with an aqueous phase to make the
      preparation more convenient to apply. The cream also contains ascorbic acid as an
      antioxidant, which protects dithranol against atmospheric oxidation, thus
      increasing its stability. A stylus containing dithranol, ol. cacao, paraffin and
      vaselinum has been used as a comparative drug. The stylus is routinely used in
      this clinic. Sixty patients with stable psoriasis were pre-assigned into two
      treatment groups, receiving at random Dithranol cream 0.1%, 0.25% and Dithranol
      stylus 0.1%, 0.2%, respectively. Both groups started their treatment with the
      0.1% preparation once a day for 2 weeks followed by the 0.2% or 0.25%
      preparations once a day for another 2 weeks. The following laboratory tests: Hb,
      WBC, Diff, S-ALAT, S-ASAT and S-creatinine were recorded before and after
      treatment. Staining of clothes was none to slight in 70% (21/30) of the patients
      using Dithranol stylus 0.2%, and 80% (24/30) in the patients using Dithranol
      cream 0.25%. The sensation of burning was none to slight in 83% (25/30) of the
      patients and skin discolouration was none to slight in approximately 80% (24/30)
      of the patients using the Dithranol stylus 0.2% and Dithranol cream 0.25%
      preparations. Both groups showed significant improvement in all effect-variables
      after 2 and 4 weeks' treatment compared to initial. The results are over all
      better after 4 weeks' treatment than after 2. No abnormal values due to dithranol
      treatment could be found in the laboratory tests.

PMID- 6832466
TI  - Platelet release reaction and prostaglandin pathway activation in angina patients
      during exercise: effect of indobufen.
AB  - Platelet 14C-serotonin release induced by collagen, and platelet malondialdehyde
      (M.D.A.) generation induced by thrombin were assessed in twenty patients with
      stable angina, before and after exercise with a bicycle ergometer. The patients
      received a single oral 200 mg dose of indobufen or placebo according to a
      crossover design in double-blind conditions. The M.D.A. concentration increased
      when exercise was carried out after placebo, whereas indobufen markedly inhibited
      M.D.A. production and 14C-serotonin release. These results suggest that effort
      may be an important factor in activation of the platelet prostaglandin pathway
      and that the use of antithrombotic drugs may be appropriate in patients with
      angina.

PMID- 6832467
TI  - Plasma cortisol studies with 0.05% halometasone cream and ointment in patients
      with psoriasis.
AB  - Plasma cortisol levels were determined by a radioimmunological assay in three
      groups of ten psoriasis patients treated with 0.05% halometasone ointment, 0.05%
      halometasone cream and 0.025% fluocinolone acetonide ointment, without occlusive
      dressings, for 7 days. Fourteen grams of the corticoid topical was applied daily
      (7 g/b.i.d.) to the psoriasis plaques covering an average of 25% of the body
      surface. No significant differences with respect to plasma cortisol values at 8
      a.m. before, during and after treatment were evident in any of the three
      treatment groups, nor did the treatment groups significantly differ from one
      another with regard to their effect on the plasma cortisol levels. No side
      effects were observed.

PMID- 6832470
TI  - Effect of transfer RNA from various sources on placental messenger RNA
      translation.
AB  - Poly(A+)-containing mRNA from human term placenta was used to direct protein
      synthesis in a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate, which is dependent on
      mRNA and tRNA for maximal activity. The major protein product was human pre
      placental lactogen (hPL). Addition of tRNA from rabbit liver, rabbit
      reticulocyte, human first trimester and term placenta, human liver and yeast
      resulted in 2-5-fold stimulation of [35S]methionine incorporation into total
      protein. Although all mammalian tRNA increased hPL synthesis, the relative
      synthesis as compared to endogenous globin was markedly different and most
      efficient with tRNA from term placenta. Addition of yeast tRNA increased total
      incorporation 3-fold but decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine into pre-hPL.
      These results suggest that the population of isoacceptor tRNAs may influence the
      expression of hPL in term placenta. Results are discussed by showing codon bias
      and usage of mRNA coding for hPL, alpha- and beta-hCG, rabbit globin and yeast
      alcohol dehydrogenase I.

PMID- 6832468
TI  - Multiple forms of nuclear estrogen receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary
      after in vitro exchange with [3H]estradiol or [3H]hydroxytamoxifen.

PMID- 6832471
TI  - Basal and dopamine-inhibited prolactin secretion by rat anterior pituitary cells:
      effects of culture conditions.
AB  - Culture conditions for rat pituitary cells were investigated which would result
      in high PRL synthesis and secretion with maintenance of dopamine-mediated
      inhibition of PRL secretion. From five commercially available media, RPMI
      resulted in the highest PRL content and secretion, but no inhibition of PRL
      secretion by dopamine was observed. MEM with Earle's salts fulfilled best our
      requirements for culturing functional PRL-secreting cells. PRL secretion was not
      affected by variations in the concentration of fetal calf serum, but was
      positively correlated with increasing horse serum concentrations. TRH-induced PRL
      release increased with increasing serum concentrations and was positively
      correlated with the concentration of 17 beta-estradiol in the culture medium (P
      less than 0.0025). An increase in the sodium bicarbonate concentration from 0.85
      to 3.0 g/l resulted in a 4-fold stimulation of PRL synthesis and in a 27-fold
      stimulation of PRL secretion. However, at bicarbonate concentrations above 2.6
      g/l, inhibition of PRL secretion by 500 nM dopamine was lost. The addition of 20
      mM Hepes to the culture medium decreased basal PRL secretion by 48 +/- 13% (P
      less than 0.01), while dopamine inhibition of PRL secretion was reduced from 49
      +/- 10% to 24 +/- 8% (P less than 0.05). When an increasing number of pituitary
      cells was cultured in a constant volume, PRL secretion expressed per cell
      increased up to 0.3-0.4 X 10(6) cells/dish/2 ml. With higher cell concentrations
      of up to 1 X 10(6) cells/dish, PRL secretion per cell diminished significantly,
      which indicates a direct negative feedback of high medium PRL on the PRL
      secreting pituitary cells. In this culture system dopamine inhibited PRL
      secretion over a 4 h period in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 20 nM), while no
      paradoxical stimulation of PRL secretion was observed with low dopamine
      concentrations. However, a 25% stimulation (P less than 0.05) of PRL secretion by
      0.1 nM dopamine could be obtained by addition of 0.01% ascorbic acid, which by
      itself decreased basal PRL secretion by 49% (P less than 0.01). Thus, tissue
      culture conditions that result in high PRL production are not necessarily the
      best choice, since dopamine-mediated inhibition of PRL secretion is another
      important parameter for the functioning of lactotrophs in culture. The best
      compromise is MEM with 2.2 g/l of sodium bicarbonate, without Hepes buffer and
      supplemented with 10% FCS.

PMID- 6832469
TI  - Multiple forms of nuclear estrogen receptor in the immature rat uterus after in
      vitro exchange with [3H]estradiol or [3H] antiestrogens.

PMID- 6832472
TI  - Caffeine-induced monaster cycling in fertilized eggs of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
AB  - Caffeine has several highly visible effects on mitosis in eggs of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. It increases the cell cycle length in a dose
      dependent manner and at a concentration between 5 and 10 mM it prevents the
      normal separation and function of the mitotic centers, resulting in periodic
      monaster formation rather than division. If fertilized eggs are placed in
      seawater containing 10 mM caffeine at prometaphase, the spindle rapidly shrinks,
      moving the mitotic centers to the middle of the metaphase plate in less than 10
      min. Within 30 min the eggs recover their ability to polymerize microtubules to
      form a large monaster, and from this time on they continue to cycle monasters in
      the presence of caffeine, with a period of about 150 min, where the normal second
      division time is 55 min. Other cell cycle functions, such as chromosome
      condensation, nuclear membrane breakdown and reformation, attempted furrowing and
      surface membrane addition continue for at least several cycles, but at the slower
      rate. Although the evidence strongly suggests that the rapid breakdown of the
      prometaphase spindle results from a calcium release induced by caffeine, these
      experiments do not rule out other physiological effects of caffeine on the longer
      term changes in cycle length, centriole function, and ultimately on cell
      survival.

PMID- 6832473
TI  - Analysis of haploid mosaics in Drosophila.
AB  - Adult chimeric epidermal structures were obtained following transplantation of
      haploid nuclei from haploid donor embryos of Drosophila into genetically marked
      diploid embryos. The haploid nuclei either remained haploid or became diploid.
      Where possible, physical measurements indicated that the haploid cells were
      smaller and produced smaller cuticular structures than did diploid cells. An
      increase in the number of pattern elements was observed in many patches which, by
      various criteria, were judged to be formed by haploid cells. The observation of
      altered pattern element spacing in haploid patches is in agreement with the
      conclusion, reached by L. I. Held (1979, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. 187, 105-127) in
      triploid flies, that bristle spacing is a function of cell size.

PMID- 6832474
TI  - Absence of an electrical polyspermy block in the mouse.
AB  - To examine the possibility of an electrical polyspermy block in the mouse, we
      recorded the electrophysiological properties of zona-free mouse eggs during
      fertilization. Starting from an unfertilized value of -41 +/- 4 mV (SD), the
      membrane potential undergoes an oscillation (seen in 8 of 11 records) of 4 +/- 1
      mV in amplitude, starting 7 +/- 5 min after insemination, and lasting about 1
      min. However, except for this small oscillation, the membrane potential is
      constant during the 60 min following insemination; the average range (11 +/- 4
      mV) is not significantly different from that which is observed in 60-min
      recordings from unfertilized eggs. These results indicate that the polyspermy
      block which is established during this period (D. P. Wolf, 1978, Dev. Biol. 64, 1
      10) is not electrically mediated. Consistent with this finding, reduction of the
      sodium or calcium concentration in the external medium does not induce
      polyspermy. As a consequence of fertilization, the resistance of the egg membrane
      decreases from 96 +/- 34 to 44 +/- 15 M omega; this change accompanies the
      voltage oscillation.

PMID- 6832475
TI  - DNA ligase in Axolotl egg: a model for study of gene activity control.
AB  - Replacement of the light form of DNA ligase (6 S) by the heavy form (8 S) in
      activated egg of Axolotl has been studied as a model for change in genetic
      activity exerted by the female pronucleus. Nuclear transplantation shows that a
      blastula nucleus is able to govern the replacement of the light ligase by the
      heavy one. The result is not the same if the grafted nucleus is taken from an
      androgenetic embryo, devoid of the heavy enzyme. Therefore the change in the
      properties of the female pronucleus appears stable and autoreproducible. Gamma
      irradiations delivered at different times after activation establish that the
      replacement of the ligase forms depends on an intact nucleus up to 3 hr 30 min
      after activation, and thereafter is achieved independently of any nuclear damage.
      Inhibitors of DNA replication impede the change of enzymatic form in reversible
      process, suggesting new chromatin synthesis as prerequisite for expression of the
      new genetic activity. The quantitative level of DNA ligase activity does not show
      any dose effect when one or many nuclei are present in the same cytoplasm.
      However, a change in nucleotide concentration results in a change in DNA ligase
      activity, indicating cytoplasmic control of enzymatic regulation.

PMID- 6832476
TI  - Hybrids between F9 nullipotent teratocarcinoma and thymus cells produce
      multidifferentiated tumors in mice.
AB  - Hybrids between F9 teratocarcinoma and mouse thymus cells (FT2 hybrids) were
      obtained. All of the seven FT2 hybrid clones produced tumors containing varying
      amounts of differentiated tissues in addition to embryonal carcinoma. This is in
      contrast to the F9 parental cells which gave tumors formed exclusively of
      embryonal carcinoma cells. Two clones produced either undifferentiated tumors or
      tumors that had only small foci of ectoderm and/or endoderm derivatives. The five
      other FT2 clones differentiated into derivatives of the three primitive germ
      layers. Among these five clones, two produced tumors with large amounts of
      differentiated tissues which resembled the well-differentiated teratocarcinoma
      tumors produced by pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell lines. On the whole, 71%
      of the observed sections of the 26 tumors that were thoroughly examined at 0.5-mm
      intervals showed ectoderm derivatives, 40% mesoderm derivatives, and 46% endoderm
      derivatives. This result shows that hybridization with thymus cells allows
      expression of pluripotentiality that was blocked in F9 teratocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 6832478
TI  - Cell determination boundaries as organizing regions for secondary embryonic
      fields.
AB  - A model is proposed for pattern formation in secondary embryonic fields. It is
      stipulated that the boundaries, resulting from the primary embryonic organization
      of a developing organism, act as organizing regions for secondary embryonic
      fields, e.g., imaginal discs in insects. This boundary mechanism would allow very
      reliable pattern formation in the course of development: Primary positional
      information leads to cells of different determination, separated by sharp
      borders. At these borders, in turn, positional information would be generated for
      the next finer subdivision, and so on. This occurs if two or more differently
      determined cell types (e.g., compartments) cooperate for the production of a
      morphogenetic substance. A high concentration of the morphogen would appear at
      the common boundary of the cell types involved. Many experiments reported in the
      literature, for instance, the formation of duplicated and triplicated insect legs
      and the regeneration-duplication phenomenon of imaginal disc fragments can be
      explained under this assumption. The proposed boundary mechanism provides a
      molecularly feasible basis for the polar coordinate model.

PMID- 6832477
TI  - Spatial analysis of limb bud myogenesis: elaboration of the proximodistal
      gradient of myoblasts requires the continuing presence of apical ectodermal
      ridge.
AB  - Myogenic tissue from embryonic chick wing and leg buds is composed of several
      subpopulations of myoblasts. These clonally distinct subpopulations first appear
      at different developmental stages, and are distributed differently along the
      proximo-distal axis of the buds, giving the appearance of a gradient of myoblast
      cell types. This myoblast distribution pattern has been utilized to investigate
      the dependence of muscle tissue outgrowth and development on the presence of the
      apical ectodermal ridge (AER). Wing buds which have had the AER removed at stages
      17-18 (2 days) subsequently develop normal proximal regions, but fail to
      elaborate skeletal structures distal to the humerus. The myoblast pattern of
      operated buds is also normal proximally, but distal portions of the pattern are
      not observed. Removal of the AER at stage 20 (3 days) results in buds which
      develop slightly more distal skeletal structures and the coinciding portions of
      the myoblast pattern, but in which the more distal portions of the normal
      myoblast gradient are truncated. These data suggest that elaboration of the
      myogenic pattern in early limb buds is dependent on the continuing presence of
      the AER, and that early removal of the AER leads to the subsequent cessation of
      myoblast pattern specification.

PMID- 6832479
TI  - Juvenile hormone-dependent vitellogenin synthesis in Locusta migratoria fat body:
      inducibility related to sex and stage.
AB  - Juvenile hormone (JH)-dependent vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis in the fat body of
      Locusta migratoria is normally limited to sexually mature adult females. As a
      step toward examining the basis of this limitation, we have tested female and
      male locusts in a series of stages after the third larval molt for inducibility
      of Vg synthesis by the synthetic JH analog, methoprene. We find that in the
      fourth and fifth larval instars fat body of both sexes can be induced to produce
      Vg, but in the adult stage females respond strongly while no more than trace
      amounts can be induced in males. Quantitative assays show relative responsiveness
      in the order: adult female greater than fifth instar female greater than fifth
      instar male much greater than adult male. During the fifth instar of both sexes,
      maximal vitellogenic response was obtained in midinstar. After the larval-adult
      ecdysis, female fat body was unresponsive during the first 4 days, then
      responsiveness increased and by Day 8 after ecdysis fat bodies were fully as
      competent to produce Vg as at Day 14, the usual maximum of the first vitellogenic
      cycle due to endogenous JH. Larval and adult female fat bodies implanted into
      male larvae are competent for Vg synthesis after metamorphosis, so that the
      differences between adult male and female cannot be imposed by the male milieu
      interieur during the larval-adult molt. In male and female precocious adults,
      produced by treatment of fourth instars with precocene, fat body responded to
      methoprene as in normal adults. We conclude that factors intrinsic to the fat
      body cells, determined early in development, are responsible for differential
      gene programing in males and females, which is partially expressed by the fifth
      instar but fully manifest only after a molt in the absence of JH.

PMID- 6832480
TI  - Protein synthetic patterns during the asexual life cycle of Volvox carteri.
AB  - The polypeptide labeling patterns of somatic cells, gonidia (asexual reproductive
      cells), embryos, and juvenile spheroids of Volvox carteri cultures synchronized
      by a light/dark cycle were studied as a function of developmental stage and
      incubation condition. Specimens were exposed to 35SO=4 for 1-hr periods at
      selected intervals throughout the asexual life cycle; proteins were then
      extracted and analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by fluorography. Although sulfation
      accounts for more than half the 35S incorporated, the conditions of extraction
      and electrophoresis employed resulted in exclusion of most sulfated products and
      inclusion of nearly all products bearing incorporated sulfur amino acids in the
      electrophoretic analysis. Hence SDS-PAGE profiles reflect relative rates of
      synthesis of major polypeptides. The first phase of these studies involved
      examination of stage-specific differences in protein synthetic patterns. Because
      a single developmental stage exhibits different protein synthetic patterns in
      light and darkness, detailed developmental comparisons were made only on
      organisms or cells exposed to label in the light. They yielded the following
      results: Shortly after the completion of embryogenesis (while all cells are still
      linked by numerous cytoplasmic bridges) presumptive somatic cells and gonidia
      exhibit a nearly identical pattern of labeling of the major polypeptides. In just
      a few hours, however, as cytoplasmic bridges begin to break down, the synthetic
      patterns of the two cell types begin to diverge; with passing time this
      divergence becomes progressively greater. By the time gonidia are mature, the
      patterns of labeling of major polypeptides by somatic cells and gonidia exhibit
      far more differences than similarities. Embryos derived from these mature gonidia
      then exhibit numerous, reproducible, stage-specific changes in polypeptide
      labeling throughout embryogenesis. However, two glycoproteins that previous
      authors implicated in the control of the differentiative cleavage division are
      here shown to be labeled in the parental somatic cells, not in the embryos as was
      previously supposed; hence a central role for them in embryonic development seems
      highly unlikely. In the second phase of this study the effects of light on
      protein synthetic patterns of organisms at selected developmental stages were
      analyzed. At all stages marked, rapid, reversible changes in the pattern of
      labeling of major polypeptides occur when cultures are transferred from light to
      dark or vice versa, but these changes are most marked in juvenile spheroids at
      the end of the dark period during which they had completed their embryogenesis.
      Some, but by no means all, of the changes induced by light can be attributed to
      stimulated synthesis of chloroplast proteins, on both chloroplast and cytosol
      ribosomes. The proteins made at the beginning of one light period are not
      identical to those made at the end of the preceding light period...

PMID- 6832483
TI  - Negative chemotaxis does not control quail neural crest cell dispersion.
AB  - Negative chemotaxis has been proposed to direct dispersion of amphibian neural
      crest cells away from the neural tube (V. C. Twitty, 1949, Growth 13(Suppl. 9),
      133-161). We have reexamined this hypothesis using quail neural crest and do not
      find evidence for it. When pigmented or freshly isolated neural crest cells are
      covered by glass shards to prevent diffusion of a "putative" chemotactic agent
      away from the cells and into the medium, we find a decrease in density of cells
      beneath the coverslip as did Twitty and Niu (1948, J. Exp. Zool. 108, 405-437).
      Unlike those investigators, however, we find the covered cells move slower than
      uncovered cells and that the decrease in density can be attributed to cessation
      of cell division and increased cell death in older cultures, rather than directed
      migration away from each other. In cell systems where negative chemotaxis has
      been demonstrated, a "no man's land" forms between two confronted explants
      (Oldfield, 1963, Exp. Cell Res. 30, 125-138). No such cell-free space forms
      between confronted neural crest explants, even if the explants are closely
      covered to prevent diffusion of the negative chemotactic material. If crest cell
      aggregates are drawn into capillary tubes to allow accumulation of the putative
      material, the cells disperse farther, the wider the capillary tube bore. This is
      contrary to what would be expected if dispersion depended on accumulation of this
      material. Also, no difference in dispersion is noted between cells in the center
      of the tubes versus cells near the mouth of the tubes where the tube medium is
      freely exchanging with external fresh medium. Alternative hypotheses for
      directionality of crest migration in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 6832481
TI  - Heat shock gene expression is regulated during teratocarcinoma cell
      differentiation and early embryonic development.

PMID- 6832484
TI  - Reproductive functioning in the prenatally stressed female rat.
AB  - The reproductive behavior and physiology of female offspring of rats stressed
      during pregnancy were assessed. Mothers were restrained and placed under bright,
      hot lights from Day 14 through 21 of gestation. This treatment, which is known to
      disrupt the sexual behavior of male offspring, did not alter reproductive
      functioning in the female offspring. The females showed evidence of normal
      cyclicity, sexual behavior, pregnancy, parturition, pup survival, and maternal
      behavior when tested beginning at 70 or at 140 days of age.

PMID- 6832482
TI  - Organ-related differences in binding of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin to vascular
      endothelium.
AB  - We screened cryostat sections of tissues from 10 inbred strains of mice with a
      panel of conjugated lectins, in a search for polymorphisms which could be used as
      markers in mouse chimeras. In DDK and RIII mice, but not the other strains
      tested, there are binding sites on the membrane of vascular endothelial cells for
      Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), which is specific for terminal nonreducing N
      acetyl galactosamine residues. The expression of DBA binding sites on RIII and
      DDK endothelium is not, however, uniform: there are consistent differences
      between blood vessels in different organs. These observations provide evidence of
      an organ-related heterogeneity in vascular endothelium which is open to
      biochemical analysis, and which raises the possibility that endothelial cells
      carry a "tissue address."

PMID- 6832485
TI  - Appetitive instrumental training in preweanling rats: I. Motivational
      determinants.
AB  - Two experiments tested learning and retention of preweanling rats (10, 15, and 23
      days of age) with an appetitive T-maze spatial discrimination task, using 3
      different reinforcers for training (Mother Alone, Mother + Milk, and Milk Alone).
      The hypothesis was that immature rats are prepared to select and generate
      effective hypotheses for learning in an environment bearing some similarity to
      the home nest prior to their exhibiting similar capacities in other contexts. In
      Experiment I, we found support for this hypothesis in that 10- and 15-day-old
      rats were able to acquire the maze task when reinforced with Mother Alone or
      Mother + Milk, but not when reinforced with Milk Alone. In Experiment II, we
      report that 23-day-old rats weaned at 19 days postpartum were better at learning
      the maze task with milk as the reinforcer than littermates raised until training
      with the dam. We hypothesize that the development of foraging strategies might be
      necessary for the expression of maze behaviors reinforced with milk alone.

PMID- 6832486
TI  - Effects of nutrition and environment on brain biochemistry and behavior.
AB  - A factorial design was used to explore the influence of malnutrition and
      environmental enrichment on brain development and adult behavior. Malnutrition in
      suckling rats was produced by restricting the intake of their dams to 40% of
      normal food consumption. Environment was enriched using combined preweaning
      handling and a postweaning complex environment treatment. Malnutrition produced
      lasting effects upon brain biochemical composition and behavior. The
      environmental manipulation had no ameliorative effect on the brain parameters
      measured but it had pronounced effects on behavior, decreasing latency to move in
      the open field and increasing some measures of activity while it enhanced passive
      avoidance performance. There was little evidence for any interaction between the
      nutritional and environmental variables, but all trends were in the direction of
      the environmental treatment having more effect on the well-nourished rats.

PMID- 6832487
TI  - Pup recognition in Mus musculus: parental discrimination between their own and
      alien young.
AB  - The responses of male and female mice each presented with a sequence of 4 pups
      from their own litter, a pup from another litter but of the same age and strain,
      and finally their own pup were noted. Both sexes spent longer sniffing the alien
      pup than the preceding own pup regardless of the age of pups at testing, and more
      time licking the alien pup on some test days. Young pups (Days 0-3; birth = Day
      0) emitted fewer ultrasounds in the presence of a male than a female, but there
      was no quantitative difference in the vocalizations of own and alien pups. These
      data indicate that adult mice are able to discriminate between their own and
      alien offspring; this discrimination appears to be based upon olfactory and
      possibly gustatory cues rather than auditory ones.

PMID- 6832488
TI  - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat. Effects of glucocorticoids,
      cyclosporin-A, and antiserum to rat lymphocytes.
AB  - Combination immunosuppression therapy with long-acting glucocorticoids,
      cyclosporin-A, and antiserum to rat lymphocytes (ALS) reduced the severity of
      spontaneous diabetes among BioBreeding/Worcester rats and decreased the frequency
      of diabetes in susceptible littermates. Combination therapy with glucocorticoids
      and three injections of ALS reversed hyperglycemia in a significant number of
      acutely diabetic animals. These results strengthen the hypothesis that
      autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in these animals and
      increase our understanding of the requirements of treatment protocols for the
      prevention and cure of this spontaneous syndrome.

PMID- 6832489
TI  - Review of criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus based on results of follow
      up study.
AB  - Comparison of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) method was made with
      the conventional 50-g method in a fixed population followed for 1--17 yr. The
      possibility of using the results in establishing the diagnosis of diabetes
      mellitus was also considered. The following results were obtained: (1) The 75-g
      method showed significantly higher 2-h and 3-h postchallenge plasma glucose (PG)
      and immunoreactive insulin values. (2) The two methods showed good correlation in
      PG values at various time periods, and there was no difference between the two at
      1/2 h and 1 h. The 2-h standard value of 200 mg/dl used to diagnose diabetes with
      the 75-g method was equivalent to 180 mg/dl by the 50-g method. The upper limits
      of normals were 140 mg/dl and 120 mg/dl, respectively, for the two tests. (3)
      Those subjects diagnosed as diabetic on the basis of fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
      values of 140--149 mg/dl only had a high rate of reverting to normal over time.
      The frequency of "nondiabetic" plasma glucose values after glucose loading
      steadily decreases as FPG increased, with separation into two asymptotic lines at
      150 mg/dl level. Thus, the logical value for diagnosis of diabetes when based
      only on FPG value is considered to be 150 mg/dl. (4) A smaller number of
      individuals had 2-h PG values that satisfied criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
      mellitus, but 1/2-h and 1-h values that were less than 200 mg/dl. Nevertheless,
      follow-up of these subjects showed a high development rate of diabetes. Thus, the
      1/2-h and 1-h values are not considered necessary to establish diagnosis of
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 6832490
TI  - Fetal and neonatal metabolism in the pup of a canine diabetic mother. Hepatic
      intermediary metabolism.

PMID- 6832492
TI  - Neonatal spinal-cord dysfunction.

PMID- 6832491
TI  - The effect of cholesterol feeding and alterations in bile acid homeostasis on de
      novo sterologenesis in diabetic rats.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that de novo cholesterol synthesis is
      increased two- to threefold in the intestines of diabetic animals. This increase
      is due to a stimulation of cholesterogenesis in both the small and large
      intestine but, quantitatively, the small intestine is primarily responsible for
      the observed increase. The present study examined the effect of cholesterol
      feeding and alterations of bile acid homeostasis on de novo sterol synthesis in
      intact normal and diabetic animals. Cholesterol feeding in the control animals
      did not affect sterol synthesis in the small intestine, but in diabetic animals
      cholesterol feeding markedly inhibited small intestinal sterologenesis. The
      threefold stimulation of small intestinal sterol synthesis observed in diabetic
      animals is completely obliterated by cholesterol ingestion. Moreover, this
      inhibition of sterol synthesis by cholesterol feeding in the small intestine of
      diabetic animals occurred very rapidly (within 36 h). In the large intestine,
      cholesterol feeding did not influence sterol synthesis in either the diabetic or
      control animals. In the liver, cholesterol feeding markedly inhibited sterol
      synthesis to similar degrees in the diabetics and controls. Colestipol feeding
      and biliary drainage, procedures that reduce bile acid pool size, stimulated
      sterol synthesis in the liver and small intestine of both diabetic and control
      animals. However, reductions in bile acid pool size increased sterologenesis in
      the large intestine in control animals but had no effect in the diabetics. Bile
      acid ingestion did not alter either small or large intestinal sterologenesis in
      the diabetic or control animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates
      the sterol synthesis is enhanced in the small and large intestine of diabetic
      animals and, moreover, both the cholesterol- and bile acid-mediated regulation of
      cholesterol synthesis in the intestines of the diabetic animals is altered from
      normal.

PMID- 6832493
TI  - Achondroplasia.

PMID- 6832494
TI  - Annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental
      Medicine, 1982. Abstracts.

PMID- 6832495
TI  - Hereditary motor sensory neuropathies in childhood.
AB  - Clinical data on 24 patients with hereditary motor sensory neuropathies, with
      onset in the paediatric period, and of their relatives, is reported.
      Electrophysiological studies were done in all patients and in 15 relatives. The
      patients were divided into two groups (Types I and II) and their hereditary trait
      was determined. In 11 patients a sural nerve biopsy was performed and revealed
      different patterns of histological alterations. The nerve biopsy always confirmed
      the value of conduction velocity in distinguishing between Types I and II. A
      genetic discordance was observed, both in regard to the phenotype and the
      conduction velocity, and there was increased slowing of the conduction velocity
      as individuals grew older. Thus the classification of these disorders in
      childhood can be particularly difficult. The role of sural nerve biopsy is
      discussed.

PMID- 6832496
TI  - Involvement of the central nervous system in congenital muscular dystrophies.
AB  - Three children, two siblings and one unrelated child, with congenital muscular
      dystrophy with central nervous system (CNS) involvement are discussed. The
      siblings appeared to suffer from a relatively mild myopathy with progressive
      brain disease, of which brain biopsy in one showed astrocytic proliferation in
      the white matter. In the patient with severe muscle disease, autopsy showed
      widespread patchy demyelination in the white matter and developmental
      abnormalities in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. These patients differ from
      the Japanese (Fukuyama) cases of CMD in the severity of the changes in the
      cerebral white matter, and from Santavuori's cases in the absence of ocular
      abnormalities and hydrocephalus. Their unique nosology is discussed.

PMID- 6832498
TI  - Dermatoglyphic and palmar-crease alterations as indicators of early intra-uterine
      insult in mental retardation.
AB  - A comparative study of unusual dermatoglyphic and palmar patterns revealed
      significant differences between the frequencies of certain patterns among 200
      congenitally affected mentally retarded children and 500 normal controls. A
      scoring method demonstrating the significance of eight unusual patterns as non
      specific indicators of early intra-uterine fetal insult was devised. 10 per cent
      of the children previously classified as idiopathically mentally retarded were
      shown to have been exposed to early intra-uterine insult. Dermatoglyphic and
      palmar-crease analysis should be included as a routine investigation for children
      with mental retardation of unknown cause.

PMID- 6832497
TI  - Severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy in an extended Sudanese kindred.
AB  - The clinical manifestations, biochemical, electrocardiographic, histological and
      histochemical features of a severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (MD)-
      as seen in 15 members of a large Sudanese kindred, both male and female--are
      reported and discussed. The age of onset ranged from three to five years, the
      pattern of muscular weakness was similar to that of Duchenne MD and
      pseudohypertrophy was a remarkable feature. Both sexes became completely
      dependent by 16 years, and died at or before 20 years of age. The clinical
      picture in this family and the histological features are compared with those of
      Duchenne MD and with cases reported from Tunisia, Qatar and Libya. Certain
      clinical and histological features distinguish all of these types from each other
      and from the milder autosomal recessive MD of childhood which is more usual in
      the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia and North America.

PMID- 6832499
TI  - Biomechanical measurement of spastic plantarflexors.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of quantifying spasticity in
      plantarflexors by measuring the resistance to passive dorsiflexion of the ankle
      joint at several constant angular speeds. Repeated testing was conducted on
      normal subjects and spastic patients. Good repeatability was found for both
      groups and both groups were found to differ significantly from each other with
      respect to the measurement variable. The method will provide a useful tool for
      quantifying alterations in plantarflexor spasticity which result from various
      surgical and non-surgical treatments.

PMID- 6832500
TI  - Childhood nocturnal enuresis: factors associated with outcome of treatment with
      an enuresis alarm.
AB  - A study was carried out to assess the factors that may affect the outcome of a
      single course of treatment for childhood nocturnal enuresis by use of an enuresis
      alarm. 113 children were treated and followed up; those showing failure of
      initial arrest of wetting, relapse and longterm successful outcome were analysed
      separately. Emphasis is placed on the need for the adoption of clear criteria
      regarding the definition of these three groups, and for an adequate follow-up of
      treated cases. Unsatisfactory housing conditions and circumstances giving rise to
      family difficulties were significantly associated with a less favourable rate of
      initial arrest. In the long term, family difficulties again were found to be
      significantly related to poor outcome. Behavioural deviance, as revealed by a
      teacher's behavioural questionnaire also adversely affected long-term success,
      although less significantly so. Family difficulties emerged as the most important
      predictor for outcome of treatment and adversely influenced the rate of initial
      arrest of wetting, the relapse rate and the long-term success rate.

PMID- 6832501
TI  - The analysis of acquired dysarthria in childhood.
AB  - A rare case of acquired dysarthria caused by a brain-stem infarct in a six-year
      old boy is reported. Applying the analysis of Darley et al. (1969, 1975), 14
      'dimensions' of dysarthria were recognised. The course of this dysarthria is
      described, by comparing samples of spontaneous speech, repetition and singing.
      The dysarthria is mainly characterised by imprecise consonants, distorted vowels,
      hypernasality and a breathy voice.

PMID- 6832503
TI  - Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 6832504
TI  - Auditory brain stem response variability in infants.

PMID- 6832502
TI  - Is the academic pediatric neurologist an endangered species?
AB  - Some argue that the physician-researcher is an endangered specie and that the
      'bedside connection' is severely strained. Our survey of recent graduates of
      pediatric neurology training programs does not substantiate this. Almost one-half
      of graduating pediatric neurology residents are embarking on full-time,
      university-based careers. Laboratory experience seems to play a decisive role in
      career orientation, confirming the intention of those interested in an academic
      career, and dissuading those who ultimately decide on private practice. Finally,
      a large number of young pediatric neurology trainees have taken additional years
      of fellowship training, although primarily in clinical neurology. This survey
      indicates that even more people would be inclined toward fellowship training if
      stipends were somewhat higher. In summary, despite considerable uncertainties
      about grant support and low salaries, a substantial number of graduates of
      pediatric neurology training programs are planning careers as physician
      researchers.

PMID- 6832505
TI  - Joint Committee on Infant Hearing position statement 1982.

PMID- 6832506
TI  - Newborn hearing screening using the Linco-Bennett auditory response cradle: a
      pilot study.
AB  - A modified mass newborn hearing screening program was piloted using a combination
      of a simplified high-risk register and a newly developed automated screening
      device, the Auditory Response Cradle. The program was designed to handle a total
      of 4000 babies per year. All children participating received both the high-risk
      register review and the automated screening test. The Auditory Response Cradle
      used a binaurally presented high-pass noise through a closed acoustic system at
      an intrameatally monitored level of 85 dB SPL (re 20 mu Pa) +/- 3 dB. Three
      independent motor and two respiratory response channels were monitored by the
      controlling microprocessor unit during a 5-sec prestimulus interval, and a 5-sec
      stimulus interval. Typical time for a complete test ranged from 5 to 10 min. The
      results of the present work indicate a false positive rate at or below 1.5%. The
      described program appears to be a cost-effective means of providing a mass
      neonatal hearing screening.

PMID- 6832507
TI  - Role of auditory brain stem response in the selection of hearing aids.
AB  - This article describes an electrophysiological taxonomy of patients who are
      unwilling to continue wearing their hearing aids or are dissatisfied with the
      performance of the aid. Because the responses on which the taxonomy is based do
      not depend upon patient cooperation, they can be used in the pediatric
      population, where alternative procedures are less than optimal. Examples of how
      this electrophysiological taxonomy relates to patient management decisions are
      also provided.

PMID- 6832508
TI  - Speech audiometry in the young child.
AB  - Normal children between 3 and 6 yrs old generated word and sentence messages for
      use in a pediatric speech intelligibility (PSI) test. Word materials did not
      differ as a function of chronological age (CA), vocabulary skills, or receptive
      language (RL) ability. Elicited sentence materials, however, did reflect
      differences in CA, vocabulary skills, and RL ability. To represent differences in
      the children's responses, two different types of test sentences, subsequently
      referred to as format I and format II sentences, were formed. Performance for
      format I and format II sentences was significantly different in normal children
      between 3 and 6 yrs old. Performance differences were related to CA and RL
      ability. However, performance for format I sentences in children with relatively
      low RL age and performance for format II sentences in children with relatively
      high RL age was equivalent. This observation yielded an algorithm that determines
      the sentence format as a function of a child's RL age in order to yield "language
      equivalent" norms for speech audiometry. In contrast to performance for PSI
      sentence materials, performance for PSI word materials was not influenced by
      differences in RL skill. Reliability coefficients for PSI word and sentence test
      retest measures ranged from about 0.85 to 0.95 in normal-hearing and hearing
      impaired children. Illustrative PSI results in children with confirmed central
      auditory disorders are presented.

PMID- 6832509
TI  - Acoustic reflex decay: 10-second or 5-second criterion?

PMID- 6832511
TI  - Edmonton crash spurs emergency plan.

PMID- 6832510
TI  - Acoustic reflex decay.

PMID- 6832512
TI  - Montreal's emergency care: an integrated system.

PMID- 6832513
TI  - Mercury exposure: an evaluation.

PMID- 6832514
TI  - Short stay unit solves emergency overcrowding.

PMID- 6832516
TI  - Marketing: a four letter word?

PMID- 6832515
TI  - Hospital change: bridging the gaps.

PMID- 6832517
TI  - A futuristic look at medical devices.

PMID- 6832518
TI  - Coping with disasters: identifying patients.

PMID- 6832519
TI  - Shopping around for a computer system.

PMID- 6832520
TI  - Greater Niagara General automates registration.

PMID- 6832521
TI  - Projecting staffing costs: computers as crystal balls.

PMID- 6832522
TI  - Cost efficiency: using interactive graphics in design.

PMID- 6832523
TI  - Word processors: a useful aid in hospital planning.

PMID- 6832525
TI  - Nova Scotia association fosters resource sharing.

PMID- 6832526
TI  - U.S. report suggests strategies for assessing technology.

PMID- 6832527
TI  - Private investments can finance a seniors' home.

PMID- 6832524
TI  - St. Joseph's Hospital gears up for the future.

PMID- 6832528
TI  - M.I.S. Project--overview and framework.

PMID- 6832530
TI  - Large hyperplastic polyps of the stomach.
AB  - Epithelial polyps of the stomach can be divided into 2 types: adenomatous and
      hyperplastic or regenerative. Imprecisions in terminology and histologic
      classification of the reported cases make it difficult to establish the true
      incidence of each type. The size of gastric polyps has been among the criteria
      for predicting malignant potential of the lesion. We present 4 patients in whom
      large, sometimes multiple, gastric masses represented benign hyperplastic polyps.
      The radiographic and pathologic features of these large gastric polyps which were
      not associated with carcinoma are reviewed.

PMID- 6832529
TI  - Reflux esophagitis: radiologic-endoscopic correlation in 39 symptomatic cases.
AB  - Thirty-nine consecutive patients with symptoms suggestive of reflux esophagitis
      underwent a double contrast upper gastrointestinal series and subsequently had
      endoscopy with biopsy. In a control group of 164 consecutive patients without
      symptoms of esophagitis a double contrast examination was done with the same
      method. We have found a significant increase of the diameter of the esophagus in
      its distal or cardiac segment (IDCE) in patients with esophagitis of Grades 1 and
      2 when compared with the control group (p less than 0.001). Radiology was found
      to have correctly diagnosed 35 of the 39 cases (89.7%) and the majority of the
      patients had endoscopic signs of mild esophagitis.

PMID- 6832531
TI  - Severe corrosive gastritis related to Drano: an unusual case.
AB  - A case of lye ingestion by a suicidal patient in the form of Drano in capsules is
      reported. Although lye ingestion usually causes lesions in the oropharynx and
      severe esophagitis, in our patient it produced severe gastritis with minimal
      esophageal findings because of the protective capsules which dissolved primarily
      in the stomach. Endoscopy should be the first method of evaluating patients with
      ingestion of corrosives, but an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series can
      accurately demonstrate mucosal injury and extent of involvement. UGI can be used
      as an adjunct in patients incompletely examined by endoscopy and can play an
      important role in the follow-up examination of these patients.

PMID- 6832532
TI  - Ultrasound demonstration of giant duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 6832534
TI  - Hepatic artery-biliary fistula. An unusual complication of infusion therapy.
AB  - This report describes a patient with carcinoid metastatic to the liver in whom a
      hepatic artery catheter was placed for infusion therapy. This resulted in a
      previously unreported complication of a hepatic artery-biliary fistula. The
      clinical presentation of this complication and mode of management are described.
      The etiologic factors responsible for this complication are discussed. It is
      speculated that as more aggressive therapy for hepatic metastases is undertaken,
      this potential complication will be seen more frequently.

PMID- 6832533
TI  - Fatty infiltration of the peripancreatic space: CT confirmation of a normal
      variant.
AB  - Widening of the duodenal sweep on upper GI series is a sign of mass in the
      pancreatic head. A series of patients was examined in which the widening of the
      duodenal sweep was solely due to fatty infiltration of the peripancreatic space.
      Because CT established the diagnosis, more invasive procedures were obviated.

PMID- 6832535
TI  - Radiological manifestations of Strongyloides stercoralis.
AB  - Nine patients with radiological changes due to Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) are
      described. A wide variation in appearance exists ranging from mild edema of the
      duodenal and small bowel mucosa to grossly enlarged, prominent valvulae
      conniventes. Small bowel dilatation is significant, and in overwhelming
      infestation toxic dilatation with paresis results. Spasm, ulceration, and
      stricture are encountered in addition. The appearances usually improve and
      reverse with treatment. Ampullary involvement is responsible for reflux of barium
      into the pancreatic duct and biliary tree through a patulous sphincter. In 1
      patient the colonic changes resembled ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 6832536
TI  - Arteritis associated with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6832537
TI  - Ileal mucosal diaphragm causing small bowel obstruction.

PMID- 6832538
TI  - The "air enema" in acute colitis.
AB  - The plain abdominal radiograph is an important investigation in acute colitis,
      but may fail to demonstrate the state of the colon owing to a lack of
      intracolonic gas. The extent of the colitis can be demonstrated by introducing
      air directly into the large bowel; the air also provides sufficient contrast to
      distinguish a granular from an ulcerated mucosa. The "air enema" may be used as
      an alternative to an unprepared barium enema. Its accuracy has been established
      by comparison with an unprepared barium enema in 10 patients with acute colitis.

PMID- 6832539
TI  - Double-contrast enema in antibiotic-related pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a potentially fatal disease often associated
      with antibiotic therapy. The condition is now known to be due to an enterotoxin
      produced by Clostridium difficile. Diagnosis is based on the endoscopic finding
      of the typical pseudomembranes, stool culture, and assay of the stools for the
      specific toxin. Radiography with double-contrast medium (DCE), which can be
      performed in patients not critically ill, often yields pathognomonic findings and
      permits early diagnosis.

PMID- 6832541
TI  - Vincristine-induced megacolon.
AB  - Three cases of vincristine-induced megacolon are described with radiographic
      correlation. Vincristine is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with neuropathic
      side effects causing colonic dilatation and constipation. The radiologist should
      be aware of this entity to prevent unnecessary procedures and, possibly, surgery.

PMID- 6832540
TI  - Intramural hematomas of the esophagus.

PMID- 6832542
TI  - Predictive value of a diagnosis of colonic polyp on the double-contrast barium
      enema.
AB  - The positive predictive value of a diagnosis of colonic polyp on the double
      contrast barium enema was determined by analyzing 160 polypoid lesions reported
      in 105 patients. Of the 160 polyps, 139 were confirmed by endoscopy, surgery, or
      repeat barium enema for a positive predictive value of 87%. Twenty-one lesions
      were not confirmed despite repeat endoscopy, repeat barium enema, review of the
      original study, or surgery, giving a false positive rate of 13%. The individual
      false positive error rates of 5 radiologists ranged from 8% to 26%. False
      positive errors were due to stool, diverticula, air bubbles, misinterpretation of
      the ileocecal valve, and haustration. Many of the false positive errors appeared
      to have been avoidable if the original examination had been more meticulously
      interpreted.

PMID- 6832543
TI  - Pseudolymphoma of colon.
AB  - A case of pseudolymphoma of the colon is reported. Radiographically and
      endoscopically the lesion could not be conclusively distinguished from malignant
      neoplasm, particularly lymphoma or segmental colitis, thus necessitating right
      hemicolectomy. Careful histological examination established the diagnosis of
      pseudolymphoma with pathologic features identical to the focal form of
      pseudolymphoma more commonly observed in the stomach.

PMID- 6832544
TI  - Polypoid endometrioma of the rectosigmoid.
AB  - Endometriosis of the bowel most often involves the sigmoid and rectosigmoid and
      appears as an intramural mass protruding into the lumen in a polypoid or
      constricting fashion. Occasionally there is an intraluminal mass without obvious
      intramural involvement. Endometriosis of bowel is rarely diagnosed at endoscopic
      biopsy. We present a patient with an intraluminal endometrioma with a positive
      endoscopic biopsy.

PMID- 6832545
TI  - Mechanisms of fat malassimilation following total gastrectomy in rats.
AB  - The present study is designed to elucidate the mechanisms of fat malassimilation
      following total gastrectomy. Using male Wistar rats, total gastrectomy with an
      esophagoduodenostomy was performed. Totally gastrectomized and normal control
      rats, provided with intestinal lymph fistula or closed intestinal loops with
      intact blood supply, were used for the absorption studies. The lymphatic
      absorption of the emulsion in the totally gastrectomized rats, administered into
      the duodenum, was significantly less than that in the control, administered into
      the stomach or duodenum. Fat assimilation in the totally gastrectomized rats was
      obviously disturbed. In the totally gastrectomized rats, the lymphatic absorption
      of the micelle was significantly higher than that of the emulsion. An examination
      of the lipid absorption in the closed intestinal loops, injected micellar
      solution, showed no differences between the control and totally gastrectomized
      rats in the lumen or wall recovery, while, the total esterified lipids in the
      intestinal mucosa from the ligament of Treitz to the cecum of the totally
      gastrectomized rats were significantly less than those of the control. These
      results suggest that postgastrectomy fat malassimilation is due to both an
      impaired micellar formation and the disturbed resynthesis of triglyceride from
      absorbed fatty acid and monoglyceride.

PMID- 6832546
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of a liver cavernous hemangioma.
AB  - A 39-year-old female with a large cavernous hemangioma of the liver was
      successfully treated by ligation of the left hepatic artery. A wedge biopsy
      specimen of the hemangioma was obtained after the ligation and was examined by
      scanning electron microscopy. The hemangioma was demarcated from the surrounding
      normal liver parenchyma and had a labyrinth of caves 50-150 microns in diameter.
      The caves were separated by fibrous septa 20-40 microns in width. Endothelial
      cells of the caves were spindle-shaped and arranged in parallel. The surface
      property of the caves resembled that of the hepatic artery and differed from that
      of the portal vein or hepatic vein. These findings support that the cavernous
      hemangioma of the liver was supplied by the hepatic artery. The labyrinthine
      structure of the cavernous hemangioma may explain the long standing contrast
      enhancement of the hemangioma after hepatic arteriography.

PMID- 6832547
TI  - Effect of duodenal juice on pathogenesis of gastric ulcer.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effect of duodenal juice on
      development of gastric ulcer, in relation to changes of lipid composition and
      energy metabolism of the gastric mucosa in dogs. For regurgitation of duodenal
      juice and stagnation of gastric contents in the stomach, the duodenum was
      constricted below the papilla of Vater, accompanying with pyloroplasty and upper
      gastro-jejunostomy. Furthermore, to induce ischemia in the gastric mucosa, 0.5 ml
      of 1% formalin solution was injected into a descending branch of the left gastric
      artery. Three weeks later, U1 II-III gastric ulcer developed at the formalin
      injected area with severe gastritis but not with hyperacidity, and the histologic
      findings were similar to the one of a human gastric ulcer with hypoacidity. On
      assay of lipid composition in the gastric mucosa, lecithin decreased and both
      lysolecithin and NEFA increased, showing that lecithin of the gastric mucosa was
      decomposed by phospholipase A2 of the duodenal juice. In the gastric mucosa, ATP
      and energy charge decreased, and AMP and lactate increased, indicating that the
      energy metabolism was led to anaerobic glycolysis. These results revealed that
      the gastric mucosa becomes very fragile when duodenal juice regurgitates into the
      stomach and that gastric ulcer may develop even without hyperacidity when the
      microcirculation is disturbed in this condition.

PMID- 6832548
TI  - Quantitative determinations of HDL2 and HDL3 in patients with liver disease.
AB  - To elucidate the role of the liver in the metabolism of HDL subfractions, the
      levels of HDL2 and HDL3 were determined in the sera obtained from patients with
      liver disease. The determinations were carried out either by zonal
      ultracentrifugation or by gradient gel electrophoresis combined with HDL
      cholesterol measurement. Mean HDL3 cholesterol level in patients with liver
      cirrhosis was about one third of the normal controls whereas no significant
      changes were observed in HDL2 cholesterol concentration. HDL3 cholesterol levels
      in patients with chronic hepatitis were about a half of the controls. The levels
      of HDL3 cholesterol correlated significantly to the levels of serum albumin and
      to choline esterase activities. The results suggest either that HDL3 is
      synthesized in the liver or that there is a metabolic defect in the conversion of
      HDL2 to HDL3 in liver disease.

PMID- 6832549
TI  - Alteration of fecal bacterial flora following oral administration of
      bifidobacterial preparation.
AB  - The fecal bacterial flora was examined in multiple stool specimens from 14
      subjects with gastrointestinal disorders before, during and after the oral
      administration of bifidobacterial preparation (BBG, viable B. breve and B.
      bifidum, 3 X 10(9) or 6 X 10(9) per day) for 2 or 3 weeks. Enumerations of fecal
      bacterial flora showed no conspicuous alterations in total anaerobic bacterial
      counts during the BBG therapy, however the total number of bifidobacteria in
      feces increased significantly, and of E. coli and other aerobacteria showed a
      tendency to decline. The administered B. breve and B. bifidum were recovered in
      the feces at a concentration of 10(8)/g and of 10(7) to 10(8)/g, respectively.
      Both species continued to be excreted over 2 weeks after completion of the
      medication in the feces at concentrations of 10(6) to 10(7)/g and of 10(5) to
      10(6)/g respectively, and diminished rapidly in 5 patients and continued at
      essentially the same level as during the medication in 6 patients. During the
      treatment the pH, urease activity and ammonia content in feces became lowered and
      showed a rerise after therapy. Symptomatic discomforts including abdominal
      distension and pain, anorexia, edema and fever of undetermined origin were
      reduced during the therapy. Urinalysis, hematological examinations and blood
      biochemical tests including blood ammonia level, however revealed no significant
      change.

PMID- 6832550
TI  - Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) efficacy in the prevention of perinatal
      transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
AB  - Twelve out of 13 infants born from mothers having both HBsAg and HBeAg developed
      HBV carrier state within 4 months after birth. On the other hand, no babies from
      mothers having HBsAg and anti-HBe developed HBV carrier state. In order to
      prevent perinatal transmission of HBV, HBIG was administered into 14 babies born
      from mothers with positive HBeAg three or four times during 6 months after birth.
      During 12 months or more of observation period 5 out of 14 infants who received
      HBIG acquired active anti-HBs response after discontinuation of HBIG (passive
      active immunization). However, 3 out of 14 infants unfortunately developed
      persistently positive HBsAg antigenemia at 12th, 14th and 14th month respectively
      after birth. Remaining 6 babies still have no virus markers, indicating not
      infected. These results indicates that HBIG administration was extremely
      effective for prevention of perinatal transmission of HBV. However, additional
      preventive measures with active immunization (HBV vaccine) seems to be necessary
      to prevent completely the perinatal transmission of HBV.

PMID- 6832552
TI  - Inflammatory polyposis in an ileal blind loop.
AB  - A case of inflammatory polyposis of the ileum after ileosigmoid anastomosis is
      reported. Two features are noteworthy. First, the polyps were localized in a
      blind ileal loop. Second, while rare ileal inflammatory polyps related to
      enteroenteric anastomosis have been reported, to our knowledge this is the first
      instance of approximately 50 polyps to be described at such a site. The etiology
      of these lesions is unknown but may be related to fecal irritation, stasis,
      bacterial overgrowth, or bacterial toxin. These polyps may ulcerate and bleed,
      causing iron deficiency anemia, and they must be distinguished from neoplastic
      polyps. Since side-to-side and end-to-side anastomoses have become more common
      with use of the surgical stapler, inflammatory polyps may be encountered more
      frequently.

PMID- 6832551
TI  - Increased blood-brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure.
AB  - The blood-to-brain transfer of [14C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was investigated
      by quantitative autoradiography in normal rabbits and rabbits with acute liver
      failure induced by the selective hepatotoxin galactosamine. The blood-to-brain
      transfer of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was similar in control animals and animals
      2 and 7 h after galactosamine injections, but was increased five- to tenfold in
      certain gray-matter areas of the brain in animals 11 and 18 h after galactosamine
      treatment. No detectable differences in white-matter uptake of [14C]alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid were found between the control and treated groups. The
      increase in alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transfer within the gray-matter areas
      suggested that a general or nonspecific increase in brain capillary permeability
      occurred in these areas. No clinical signs of early hepatic encephalopathy were
      observed in the treated rabbits, except for 1 animal from the 18-h
      postgalactosamine group. Thus, enhanced blood-brain transfer of alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid preceded the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy.
      The distribution of radioactivity after the intravenous administration of
      [14C]galactosamine showed that virtually none of the hepatotoxin localized in the
      brain, suggesting that the drug itself does not have a direct effect upon the
      blood-brain barrier or the brain. The increased uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric
      acid at 11 and 18 h implies that the transfer of other solutes would also be
      enhanced, that central nervous system homeostasis would be compromised, and that
      the resulting changes in brain fluid composition could contribute to or cause
      hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 6832553
TI  - Digital ischemia associated with small bowel malignancy.
AB  - A 59-yr-old woman presented with digital ischemia and was found to have a small
      bowel malignancy. After resection of the neoplasm, her digital ischemic symptoms
      resolved. Five years after the operation, she has no evidence either of
      recurrence of the intestinal malignancy or of the digital ischemia. This report
      contrasts with earlier studies, which have suggested that patients with digital
      ischemia associated with malignancy have a poor prognosis.

PMID- 6832554
TI  - Mucosal bridges of the upper esophagus after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 47-yr-old man presented with dysphagia 4 yr after mediastinal radiotherapy for
      Hodgkin's disease. X-ray series, fiberoptic endoscopy, and computerized
      transverse tomography showed mucosal bridges in the upper esophagus.
      Histologically, these bridges were constituted from normal epithelium overlying a
      chronic inflammatory lamina propria, without evidence of Hodgkin's disease
      recurrence or of squamous cell carcinoma. Swallowing was improved by endoscopic
      electrocoagulation and Eder-Puestow dilatations. Several arguments favor the
      hypothesis that these mucosal bridges were the late sequelae of radiation
      esophagitis.

PMID- 6832555
TI  - Nitrofurantoin-induced pancreatitis: report of a case.
AB  - A patient with nitrofurantoin-induced pancreatitis is described, representing the
      first patient with this condition to be reported in the literature. The diagnosis
      of nitrofurantoin-induced pancreatitis was confirmed by rechallenge. The clinical
      and biochemical picture cleared rapidly after discontinuation of the drug. The
      conclusion is proffered that nitrofurantoin-induced jaundice is not always due to
      cholestatic hepatitis, but can result from obstruction of the common bile duct
      due to edema of the pancreatic head secondary to nitrofurantoin pancreatitis.

PMID- 6832556
TI  - Classification of the esophageal motility disorders.

PMID- 6832557
TI  - Use of diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites.

PMID- 6832559
TI  - More on epigastric tenderness and the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 6832558
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen radioimmunodetection in colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6832561
TI  - Biliary bile acid composition and cholesterol saturation.

PMID- 6832560
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy: intravariceal or paravariceal?

PMID- 6832562
TI  - Progestogens and gallbladder contractility.

PMID- 6832563
TI  - Antibiotics and renal tubular damage in cirrhosis.

PMID- 6832564
TI  - Prospective manometric evaluation with pharmacologic provocation of patients with
      suspected esophageal motility dysfunction.
AB  - Thirty-four consecutive patients referred to a gastroenterology clinic with
      suspected esophageal motility abnormality as a cause of their chest pain or
      dysphagia, or both, were prospectively studied in an 18-mo period. Peristaltic
      response to 10 wet (5 ml H2O) swallows was recorded in all studies with a low
      compliance infusion system. To provoke symptoms and motility abnormalities after
      baseline evaluation, all patients had acid infusions (0.1 N HCl) and
      administration of edrophonium (80 micrograms/kg i.v.), pentagastrin (6
      micrograms/kg s.c.), and bethanechol (40 micrograms/kg s.c.). Tracings were
      coded, read, and interpreted blindly. Baseline tracings were abnormal in 23 of 34
      patients (68%), including increased amplitude peristaltic contractions
      ("nutcracker esophagus") in 10 and nonspecific esophageal motor disorders in 13.
      Acid infusion produced substernal burning in 3 of 33 patients, in motility change
      in 1 patient. Edrophonium produced chest pain with manometric changes in 6 of 34
      (18%) patients. Pentagastrin produced chest pain with manometric change in 1
      patient. Bethanechol produced chest pain with manometric change in 2 patients.
      One patient with low amplitude had elevation of esophageal baseline and multiple
      simultaneous contractions but no chest pain (subsequently developed achalasia).
      It was concluded that (a) abnormal motility is a common finding in a symptomatic
      group of patients with presumed esophageal motility disorder, (b) the
      "nutcracker" esophagus is the most frequent defect, and (c) attempted provocation
      of symptoms with acid or drugs is not generally effective; however, edrophonium
      is the best tolerated and most effective of currently available drugs.

PMID- 6832565
TI  - Spike-associated and spike-independent esophageal contractions in patients with
      symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm.
AB  - We report the electrical correlates of esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter
      contraction in humans using a bipolar ring electrode assembly mounted on a
      catheter. No spike activity was seen in the resting state in the esophagus or
      lower esophageal sphincter. Swallowing induced both electrical spike activity and
      contractile activity in both areas. The delay in the proximal and distal
      esophagus from swallowing to the onset of electrical activity was 0.3 +/- 0.1 s
      and 3.3 +/- 0.2 s, respectively, and from swallowing to the onset of contractile
      activity the time was 1.9 +/- 0.1 s and 5.2 +/- 0.2 s. respectively. The rate of
      propagation of electrical activity was constant throughout the esophageal body
      while contractile activity was propagated more rapidly in the middle third of the
      esophagus. Spike activity preceded the peak of esophageal contractions in 100% of
      swallows. Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation was initiated without spike
      activity, but the postswallow lower esophageal sphincter contraction was preceded
      by spike activity in 100% of cases. Basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure was
      maintained in the absence of spike activity. Spontaneous esophageal contractions,
      seen in patients with symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm, were spike
      independent in 70% of cases. Prolonged repetitive contractions, once initiated,
      were also spike-independent. Thus, with the use of intraluminal ring electrodes,
      we suggest that the human esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter are capable of
      generating both spike-dependent and spike-independent contractions. The latter
      may be prominent in patients with esophageal motor disorders.

PMID- 6832566
TI  - Chronic administration of bombesin stimulates antral gastrin cell proliferation
      in the rat.
AB  - Bombesin tetradecapeptide, administered in gelatin twice daily for 1 wk,
      significantly increased the antral gastrin content in rats by stimulating antral
      gastrin cell proliferation. The labeling index of gastrin cells after five daily
      injections of [3H]thymidine given during bombesin treatment was significantly
      enhanced as compared with controls, while no modification in the pattern of
      antral somatostatin cell labeling was revealed. Total antral gastrin cell
      population at the end of bombesin treatment also increased significantly.
      Morphometric measurements at the electron microscope level showed that the mean
      size of gastrin cell in the bombesin-treated group was the same as in the control
      group. The size of gastrin secretory granules and their number per cell did not
      change. The present findings demonstrate that chronic administration of bombesin
      induces gastrin cell hyperplasia in the rat.

PMID- 6832568
TI  - Lack of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nerves in esophageal achalasia.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerves were examined in the lower
      esophagus of control and achalasia patients. The smooth muscle in patients with
      achalasia had conspicuously fewer vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      immunoreactive nerve fibers than specimens from control patients. Also the
      concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the lower esophagus was
      much reduced in achalasia. In view of the potent smooth muscle relaxing effects
      of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, it is suggested that the reduced number of
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fibers in the achalasic esophagus causes or at
      least contributes to the incomplete relaxation and the increased resting tone of
      the lower esophageal sphincter characteristic of this disease.

PMID- 6832567
TI  - Increased gastrin secretion in patients with pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The relationship between serum catecholamines and serum gastrin in the basal
      state and in response to a liquid test meal was investigated in 6 patients with
      histologically proven pheochromocytoma before and after surgical removal of the
      tumor. Serum catecholamines were measured by a high performance liquid
      chromatography technique, and serum gastrin was determined by radioimmunoassay.
      In patients with normal serum adrenaline, no increase in serum gastrin level in
      the basal state or after ingesting a test meal was found. In contrast, in those
      with abnormally high serum adrenaline, the serum gastrin levels in the basal
      state and in response to a test meal were significantly higher than in patients
      with a normal serum adrenaline level and in normal subjects. Surgical removal of
      the tumor resulted in a significant decrease in both the serum adrenaline
      concentration and serum gastrin secretion in the basal state and after meal
      stimulation. These results indicate that adrenaline stimulates serum gastrin
      secretion not only in the basal state, but also in response to a test meal.

PMID- 6832569
TI  - Effects of antibodies to gastric inhibitory peptide on gastric acid secretion and
      gastrin release in the dog.
AB  - Previous studies have questioned the physiological role of gastric inhibitory
      peptide in inhibiting gastric acid secretion. The present study was designed to
      examine and compare peptone meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in dogs after
      intravenous infusion of rabbit serum containing antibodies to gastric inhibitory
      peptide or normal rabbit serum (as control). Five dogs were prepared with gastric
      fistulas. Basal acid output was collected for 90 min through the gastric fistula.
      After 30 min of basal acid output collection, either rabbit serum containing
      antibodies to gastric inhibitory peptide or normal control rabbit serum (0.1
      ml/kg) was infused intravenously over 1 min. After the basal acid output
      collection, a 10% peptone meal was infused into the stomach. Gastric acid output
      was measured by intragastric titration (pH 5.0) for 60 min. Peripheral venous
      plasma was collected for measurement of gastrin and gastric inhibitory peptide
      and for binding of endogenous plasma gastric inhibitory peptide by administered
      antibodies to gastric inhibitory peptide before and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90,
      and 120 min after the meal. After intravenous administration of antibodies to
      gastric inhibitory peptide, 98% +/- 3% (SEM) of endogenous plasma gastric
      inhibitory peptide was bound by administered antibodies to gastric inhibitory
      peptide. No binding of endogenous plasma gastric inhibitory peptide was detected
      after infusion of normal rabbit serum. In dogs receiving intravenous antibodies
      to gastric inhibitory peptide, both peptone-stimulated gastric acid output and
      integrated gastrin release responses were increased when compared with dogs
      receiving normal rabbit serum. With infusion of antibodies to gastric inhibitory
      peptide, there was a high degree of correlation between the increase in gastric
      acid output and the increase in integrated gastrin response (r = 0.900, p less
      than 0.04) that followed the peptone meal. This study, using antibodies to bind
      endogenous gastric inhibitory peptide, demonstrates the capacity of circulating
      gastric inhibitory peptide to inhibit meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion.
      Furthermore, these results support the conclusion that this enterogastrone effect
      of gastric inhibitory peptide is due, at least in part, to inhibition of gastrin
      release.

PMID- 6832570
TI  - Effect of short-term prednisone therapy on aminotransferase levels and hepatitis
      B virus markers in chronic type B hepatitis.
AB  - We have studied the effect of short-term high-dose prednisone therapy on
      aminotransferase levels and hepatitis B virus markers in 6 patients with chronic
      type B hepatitis. All showed a decrease in amino transferase levels during
      treatment. This was followed by a transient increase in aminotransferase levels
      after prednisone was discontinued. In 5 patients, there was a decrease in
      hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity at the time of
      postprednisone peak of aminotransferase levels. Three of them became transiently
      deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negative. All the patients have remained
      hepatitis B e antigen-positive throughout the period of observation. We have also
      found transient deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negativity unrelated to
      prednisone therapy in 2 patients with chronic type B hepatitis: in one during a
      superimposed episode of acute type A hepatitis, and in the other during a period
      of pronounced alanine aminotransferase elevation. We postulate that these periods
      of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase negativity are due to a decreased number of
      hepatitis B virus-infected cells in the liver as a consequence of hepatic
      necrosis.

PMID- 6832573
TI  - Abstracts of papers submitted to the American Association for the study of Liver
      Disease. Annual meeting, May 21-27, 1983, Washington, D.C.

PMID- 6832572
TI  - Abstracts of papers submitted to the American Gastroenterological Association.
      84th annual meeting, May 21-27, 1983, Washington, D.C.

PMID- 6832571
TI  - Hepatic handling of bile salts and protein in the rat during intrahepatic
      cholestasis.
AB  - 17 alpha-Ethynyl estradiol-induced cholestasis was used to study the relationship
      of protein to bile salt transport in liver. The biliary secretion of horseradish
      peroxidase was unaltered in treated animals despite a 56% reduction in bile flow.
      Cytochemistry confirmed that estradiol caused no alteration in the handling of
      tracer. In a second study, the peak biliary secretion of [14C]taurocholate was
      reduced by approximately 46% in treated animals. The kinetics of 125I
      cholyglycylhistamine, a bile salt derivative, were identical to those of
      taurocholate in control and cholestatic animals. Taurocholate and
      cholylglycylhistamine secretion were markedly reduced in control animals during
      competition with unlabeled taurocholate. Quantitative electron microscopic
      autoradiography with 125I-cholylglycylhistamine revealed a high concentration of
      grains over the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex including associated
      lysosomes and vesicles. These data demonstrate that estradiol markedly inhibits
      bile salt transport, but not vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase.
      Furthermore, estradiol may alter the movement of bile salts through these
      organelles.

PMID- 6832576
TI  - [Finding the optimal temperature mode for the cryopreservation of biological
      objects].

PMID- 6832574
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the biophysical state of erythrocytes preserved
      under different conditions and its evolution in statistical probability
      concepts].

PMID- 6832577
TI  - [Action of the cryoprotector polyethylene oxide (PEO-400) on the intracellular
      metabolism of granulocytes in low-temperature preservation of bone marrow].

PMID- 6832575
TI  - [Biochemical mechanisms of erythrocyte recovery (regeneration)].

PMID- 6832578
TI  - [Method of obtaining an erythrocyte medium with a low content of leukocytes,
      thrombocytes and plasma].

PMID- 6832580
TI  - [Use of an automatic device for calculating the leukocyte formula].

PMID- 6832579
TI  - [Autolymphocytotoxins and their possible role in natural immunosuppression].

PMID- 6832581
TI  - [Deglycerinization of thawed erythrocytes on the PK-05 apparatus].

PMID- 6832582
TI  - Glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate in the mouse: two major histocompatibility
      complex, H-2, loci with different mechanisms.
AB  - Isolated cleft palate is induced in the progeny of pregnant mice that are given
      glucocorticoids. The incidence varies among inbred strains and with dose and
      stage of gestation when the drug is given. One chromosomal region responsible for
      strain-associated differences in sensitivity is the major histocompatibility
      complex, H-2. H-2a is associated with susceptibility, H-2b with resistance. There
      appear to be both maternal and embryonic genetic factors affecting the
      sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In experiments reported here congenic strains of
      mice with H-2a, H-2d and H-2k haplotypes on a C57BL/10 genomic background were
      used. This allowed the determination of the effect on sensitivity by two H-2
      subregions; the subregions are H-2K to I-E and I-C to H-2D. Methods included dose
      response analysis and reciprocal cross analysis using dexamethasone given on day
      12 of pregnancy. Results show that each subregion affects the strain's
      sensitivity to dexamethasone-induced cleft palate. The regression coefficients
      for B10.A-H-2a (45.4 +/- 4.13) were different from those for B10.BR-H-2k (67.2 +/
      10.8) and B10.D2-H-2d (70.5 +/- 9.74). The estimated mean arcsine % cleft palate
      at 160 mg/kg was different for each strain: B10.A-H-2a, 53.1 +/- 2.19; B10.BR-H
      2k, 33.1 +/- 2.27; B10.D2-H-2d, 25.0 +/- 2.75. Different patterns of change in
      sensitivity were observed among the reciprocal crosses. In summary, the H-2K to I
      E subregion seemed to influence both maternal and embryonic factors, whereas only
      embryonic factors were influenced by the I-C to H-2D subregion. These data
      suggest that the mechanisms affecting glucocorticoid sensitivity which are
      genetically encoded within each H-2 subregion are different, and there is an
      interaction between the alleles. The mode of interaction can be either
      complementation or epistasis.

PMID- 6832583
TI  - Linkage modification with mixed random mating and selfing: a numerical study.
AB  - Although recombination cannot increase under conditions of random mating or
      complete selfing in regimes of constant selection, with mixed random mating and
      selfing, selection for increased recombination can occur. For some fitness
      regimes there may be selection for reduced recombination with both low and high
      degrees of selfing but selection for increased recombination with moderate
      degrees of selfing. With some fitness regimes there is a historical effect:
      depending on which equilibrium a population starts from, there may be selection
      for either increased or decreased recombination. In other cases the direction of
      selection may be determined by the present state of individuals within the
      population. If recombination is already fairly limited, there may be selection
      for further reduction. If recombination is already fairly frequent, there may be
      selection for increased recombination. For certain symmetric viability systems
      there may be an intermediate value of the recombination fraction between 0 and
      0.5 toward which the population will evolve. Although it is not yet possible to
      classify precisely those fitness matrices that can exhibit selection for
      increased recombination, it does appear that selection for increased
      recombination can occur only if at least two of the double homozygotes are less
      fit than would be expected on the basis of a comparison of the fitnesses of the
      single and double heterozygotes on an additive scale.

PMID- 6832584
TI  - Density-dependent selection incorporating intraspecific competition. II. A
      diploid model.
AB  - A diploid model is introduced and analyzed in which intraspecific competition is
      incorporated within the context of density-regulated selection. It is assumed
      that each genotype has a unique carrying capacity corresponding to the
      equilibrium population size when only that type is present. Each genotypic
      fitness at a single diallelic autosomal locus is a decreasing function of a
      distinctive effective population size perceived as a result of intraspecific
      competition. The resulting fitnesses are both density and frequency dependent
      with selective advantage determined by a balance between genotypic carrying
      capacity and sensitivity to intraspecific competition. A major finding is that
      intergenotypic interactions may allow genetic variation to be more easily
      maintained than in the corresponding model of purely density-dependent selection.
      In addition, numerical study confirms the possible existence of multiple interior
      equilibria and that neither overdominance in fitness nor carrying capacity is
      necessary for stability. The magnitude of the equilibrium population size and
      optimization principles are also discussed.

PMID- 6832585
TI  - Clinical and laboratory management of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6832586
TI  - Common hematologic problems: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6832587
TI  - The problem of pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 6832588
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy: what are the facts?

PMID- 6832589
TI  - Infectious diarrhea in the elderly.

PMID- 6832591
TI  - Contractile properties of elderly human triceps surae.
AB  - Maximal electrically evoked and voluntary contractions of the triceps surae were
      repeatedly measured over several weeks in 13 elderly men, mean age 69.6 +/- 1.3
      years. All subjects were found to be tolerant of supramaximal single twitch
      stimuli from the first occasion of measurement onwards and were habituated to
      supramaximal tetanic stimulation at frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz after three
      occasions of measurement. There was a significant increase in maximal voluntary
      contraction between the first and second occasions of measurement, but thereafter
      it remained unchanged. The coefficient of variation for maximal twitch and
      tetanic tensions and MVC were 12.5, 9.0 and 8.3%, respectively. Comparison with
      previously reported data showed that elderly muscle had an increased time-to-peak
      twitch tension development (148 +/- 15 ms) compared with young subjects (113 +/-
      11 ms). The respective half relaxation times were 99 +/- 13 and 78 +/- 4 ms.
      Maximal tetanic tensions at frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz were significantly lower
      in the elderly men, 520 +/- 168 and 716 +/- 193 N respectively compared with 742
      +/- 133 and 1,162 +/- 199 N respectively in the young subjects. A 2-min test
      involving repeated tetanisation of the triceps surae showed that though the
      absolute loss of tension was the same the relative loss was greater in the older
      than the younger men. It is concluded that muscle function in the elderly can be
      reliably assessed. The results suggest that the triceps surae of the elderly are
      weaker, more slowly contracting and show a greater relative force loss, when
      subjected to a standard "fatigue' test procedure, than young triceps surae.

PMID- 6832590
TI  - Electrolytes and free amino acids in leg skeletal muscle of young and elderly
      women.
AB  - Electrolytes and/or amino acids were determined in leg skeletal muscle biopsies
      from elderly (age range 57-75 years) and young (age range 20-35 years) apparently
      healthy women. When compared to the young group, the elderly one was
      characterized by increased levels of muscular Na+ and Cl-, while the calculated
      intracellular concentration of Na+ was reduced. The pattern and levels of free
      amino acids showed only minor differences between elderly and young women.
      Intracellular Mg2+ and K+ showed a significant correlation with muscle levels of
      simultaneously determined energy-rich phosphagen compounds that was published
      previously.

PMID- 6832592
TI  - Effects of dynamic exercise on muscle function in elderly men, aged 70 years.
AB  - The maximal electrically evoked and voluntary contractions of the triceps surae
      were measured, before and after 30 min of continuous uphill walking, in 8 elderly
      men aged 67-71 years. The exercise was performed on a motor-driven treadmill and
      corresponded to 66-74% of their predicted maximal aerobic power output. During
      the control period, before exercise, twitch tension (Pt), time-to-peak tension
      (TPT) and half relaxation time (1/2RT) of the maximal twitch response were 102 +/
      29 N, 156 +/- 15 ms and 98 +/- 11 ms; the tetanic responses at frequencies of 10
      Hz (PO10) and 20 Hz (PO20) and the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) averaged
      600 +/- 103, 766 +/- 106 and 1,225 +/- 185 N, respectively. The fatigue index in
      response to a 2-min test involving repeated tetanisation of the triceps surae was
      0.40 +/- 0.14. None of these variables (except TPT which was decreased to 145 +/-
      11 ms, p less than 0.001) was significantly changed following exercise. It was
      concluded that exercise of relatively high intensity and duration in healthy
      elderly men does not impair the force-generating capacity of the lower leg
      muscles nor increase their fatigability.

PMID- 6832593
TI  - Some age-related structural peculiarities of fractionated chromatin. Thermal
      denaturation and electrophoretic analysis.
AB  - Thermal denaturation and electrophoretic mobility of liver and small intestinal
      mucosa fractionated chromatin and the DNA of chromatin fractions have been
      studied in young and old rats. During aging, the thermostability of chromatin
      increased, electrophoretic mobility of mono-, di-, and trinucleosomal fragments
      decreased at the expense of increased repeated length of nucleosomal DNA.

PMID- 6832595
TI  - Morphological studies on the regeneration of rabbit corneal endothelium under the
      influence of corticosteroids.
AB  - In adult albino rabbits, the influence of corticosteroids on the regeneration of
      the corneal endothelium after cryocoagulation was studied using light-, scanning-
      and transmission electron microscopy. The follow-up period varied from 10 h to 10
      days. In the regenerating endothelium, both mitotic and amitotic cells division
      were seen. In the dexamethasone-treated eyes, the regeneration process seemed to
      be stimulated rather than inhibited. In five of six eyes, areas of
      hyperproliferation were found, consisting of numerous elongated cells that formed
      several cell layers. Most of these cells revealed an extensively developed
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus as well as numerous mitochondria. There
      were signs of secretory activity. The mechanism for the development of these
      multilayered hyperproliferation zones is unknown.

PMID- 6832594
TI  - Absorption of horse-radish peroxidase by the conjunctival epithelium of monkeys
      and rabbits.
AB  - Horse-radish peroxidase was instilled into the conjunctival sac of rabbits and
      Cynomolgus monkeys. After an interval of 5, 30 or 60 min the conjunctival
      epithelium was studied by electron microscopy. The tracer was found to be
      absorbed predominantly by type-V cells, which are rich in mitochondria; this
      process was found to occur more rapidly in the rabbit than in the monkey. The
      particles were primarily incorporated into pinocytotic vesicles and phagosomes
      and were then either digested by phagolysosomes or transported through the basal
      portion of the surface epithelial cells into the expanding intercellular spaces
      distal to the junctional complexes.

PMID- 6832596
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in rat and cat retina and pigment epithelium induced
      by chloroquine.
AB  - Chloroquine retinopathy in rats and cats was studied (in long-term experiments on
      rats the drug was injected into the stomach). We observed the slow development of
      the pathological process, accompanied by the appearance of membrane inclusions in
      GC, structural alterations in the RPE, and after 10 months complete destruction
      of the outer segments of the photoreceptors. In experiments on cats, after a
      single intravitreous chloroquine injection destruction of the photoreceptors,
      similar to that observed in rats, was found 2 weeks after the injection. In the
      region of tapetum nigrum containing melanin photoreceptors were safe. These data
      suggest the protective effect of melanin on the process of chloroquine
      retinopathy.

PMID- 6832597
TI  - [Measurement of flow physiology of the large vessels in retinal circulation in
      normal subjects].

PMID- 6832599
TI  - A family-behavioral approach to the treatment of the cognitively impaired
      elderly.

PMID- 6832600
TI  - Adult day care for Alzheimer's patients and their families.

PMID- 6832598
TI  - [Measurement of flow physiology of the large vessels in retinal circulation in
      type 1 and type 2 diabetics].
AB  - Segmental blood flow, velocity, and vessel diameter were measured in 21 eyes of
      diabetic individuals with diabetes type 1 and 2. The results for arterial blood
      flow, velocity, arterial and venous vessel diameter in diabetes show significant
      differences from the results measured in normal individuals. These flow
      magnitudes, excluding arterial diameter, significantly depend on the duration
      time of diabetes. The retinal blood flow magnitudes alter before the marks of
      diabetic retinopathy are visible. There are differences between the results in
      diabetes type 1 and type 2 regarding dependence on the duration time of diabetes.

PMID- 6832601
TI  - Aging, families, and family relations: behavioral and social science perspectives
      on our knowledge, our myths, and our research.

PMID- 6832602
TI  - Family ties of the aged in cross-cultural perspective.

PMID- 6832603
TI  - Autonomy and interdependence in the family of adulthood: a psychological
      perspective.

PMID- 6832604
TI  - The role of the family in the economic well-being of the elderly.

PMID- 6832605
TI  - Old but not alone: informal social supports among the elderly by marital status
      and sex.

PMID- 6832606
TI  - An interview with Robert Butler. Interview by Janice Caldwell.

PMID- 6832607
TI  - Tax shelter use and retirement income of retired ohio faculty.

PMID- 6832608
TI  - The characteristics and utilization pattern of an admission cohort of nursing
      home patients.

PMID- 6832609
TI  - [A cardioplegia method].

PMID- 6832610
TI  - [Acute disorders of the blood coagulation process in the early postoperative
      period in patients undergoing heart surgery under artificial circulation].

PMID- 6832611
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tuberculosis of the single lung following pulmonectomy].

PMID- 6832612
TI  - [Potentials of using hemosorption for treating bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6832614
TI  - [Realization of the food program is a matter for all the people].

PMID- 6832613
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of lung abscess and degenerative cancer].

PMID- 6832615
TI  - [Prospects of using ultrasonic instruments in endobronchial surgery].

PMID- 6832616
TI  - [Gas exchange disorders in the lungs in critical states].

PMID- 6832617
TI  - [Use of membrane air oxygenators in pulmonary surgery and postoperative intensive
      therapy].

PMID- 6832618
TI  - [Effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the bronchopulmonary system when used
      endobronchially].

PMID- 6832620
TI  - [Heart valve bioprostheses formed from xenopericardium and dura mater].

PMID- 6832619
TI  - [Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum--complications of bronchoscopy].

PMID- 6832621
TI  - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the microvesicular fat diseases.

PMID- 6832622
TI  - Effect of omeprazole--a gastric proton pump inhibitor--on pentagastrin stimulated
      acid secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of oral omeprazole on pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion
      was studied in 11 healthy subjects. Doses of 20-80 mg produced dose dependent
      inhibition of acid secretion, with total suppression at the highest dose.
      Omeprazole was absorbed and eliminated from plasma rapidly and the inhibitory
      effect was related to the area under the plasma concentration time curve. The
      duration of action was long and single doses of 20 and 40 mg reduced acid
      secretion significantly for one and three days, respectively. Omeprazole in a
      dose of 15 mg given once daily for five days, suppressed acid secretion
      continuously, the inhibitory effect stabilising after three days at a predose
      inhibition of about 30% and a postdose inhibition of about 80%.

PMID- 6832623
TI  - Perturbation of upper gastrointestinal function by cold stress.
AB  - To study the effects of stressful stimulus (cold pain) upon postprandial gastric,
      duodenal, and pancreatic function, nine healthy adult volunteers were intubated
      and then given two identical liquid meals, (199 cal (789 KJ) 240 ml), each being
      ingested during a period of irregular fasting gastroduodenal motility. Ten
      minutes after each meal the subjects received, in randomised order, either a test
      or control stimulus. The test stimulus consisted of repeated one minute
      immersions of a hand into ice water, with 15 seconds recovery between immersions,
      for a total of 20 minutes, while for the control, water at 37 degrees C was used.
      Serial samples of gastric and duodenal contents allowed estimation of changes in
      gastric emptying and acid secretion, together with pancreatic trypsin output, by
      a double marker perfusion technique. Measurements of blood pressure, pulse, and
      finger temperature acted as extra-intestinal indices of autonomic response to the
      stimuli. Cold pain significantly delayed gastric emptying and produced a biphasic
      alteration in both gastric secretion and pancreatic trypsin output, with an
      initial reduction during the response to the stress followed by an increase
      during the post-stress period. Our findings show that the normal postprandial
      function of the upper gut can be measurably disturbed by a stressful stimulus.
      The coincidence of these disturbances with other extra-intestinal autonomic
      changes suggests that they are a further manifestation of the somatic response to
      a stress.

PMID- 6832624
TI  - Management of enterocutaneous fistulae in Crohn's disease.
AB  - The outcome among 39 patients with enterocutaneous fistulae complicating Crohn's
      disease has been reviewed. The patients were considered in two groups: (1) no
      disease - all were early postoperative fistulae (n = 9); (2) active disease (i)
      without abscess formation (n = 16), (ii) with abscess formation (n = 14).
      Postoperative fistulae with no evidence of active Crohn's disease healed
      spontaneously. Fistulae in the presence of active disease did not heal even with
      prolonged medical management. The only effective treatment was excision of the
      diseased segment from which the fistulae arose and any distal obstruction. None
      of the fistulae closed surgically has recurred.

PMID- 6832625
TI  - Relationship between trace elements, sugar consumption, and taste in Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Seventy patients with Crohn's disease, 50 with ulcerative colitis, and 58 control
      subjects were questioned about their sugar consumption, measurements were made of
      their taste acuity, and blood levels of various trace elements including zinc and
      selenium were estimated. Sugar consumption was significantly increased in Crohn's
      disease (p less than 0.01). There was only a minor reduction in taste acuity for
      acid taste in Crohn's disease. Plasma zinc and whole blood selenium were reduced
      in Crohn's disease. No relationship was found between sugar consumption, plasma
      zinc, and taste acuity in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 6832626
TI  - 111Indium autologous leucocytes in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - A non-invasive method of imaging and assessing inflammatory bowel disease is
      described. 111Indium labelled leucocyte scans were performed on 33 patients with
      a wide variety of inflammatory bowel diseases and 25 control patients. All
      patients with moderate or severe inflammatory bowel disease had positive scans
      with localisation of abnormal activity corresponding to the sites assessed to be
      diseased by radiology in either small or large bowel. No false positives were
      recorded in the control patients. Faecal excretion of 111In labelled leucocytes
      was increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease according to disease
      severity and correlated with disease activity assessed by serum C-reactive
      protein levels (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001) or in those patients with Crohn's
      disease by Crohn's Disease Activity Index (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). These
      data suggest that 111In labelled leucocytes may be used to provide a safe, non
      invasive method of imaging diseased bowel and objectively assessing disease
      activity.

PMID- 6832627
TI  - Leucocyte migration inhibition test in coeliac disease - a reappraisal.
AB  - Results of the direct leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test using gluten
      fraction III as antigen were unaffected by incorporation of puromycin into the
      culture medium at concentrations shown to prevent lymphokine mediated inhibition.
      Results of the LMI test performed with purified polymorphs were similar to and
      correlated with results of the standard LMI test using mixed leucocytes in both
      coeliacs and controls. The addition of purified T lymphocytes did not increase
      migration inhibition. Normal leucocytes incubated with serum from coeliac
      patients and washed showed marked migration inhibition when incubated with gluten
      fraction III. This sensitisation of normal leucocytes was prevented by
      preincubation with aggregated human IgG. These results suggest that leucocyte
      migration inhibition by gluten in coeliac disease is not due to lymphokine
      production by sensitised lymphocytes but is caused by cytophilic antibody.

PMID- 6832628
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal tract polyps in familial adenomatosis coli.
AB  - Upper gastrointestinal tract polyps were sought prospectively using endoscopy and
      biopsy in 34 patients with familial adenomatosis coli belonging to 18 unrelated
      families. Gastric and/or duodenal polyps, usually small and multiple, occurred in
      28 patients (82%). Histologically verified extracolonic adenomas were present in
      19 patients (56%). Gastric adenomas, all in the antrum, and duodenal adenomas
      occurred in four (12%) and 16 (48%) patients, respectively. In one patient, a
      duodenal adenocarcinoma and a bile duct adenoma were also found, and one patient
      had an adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Multiple non-neoplastic polyps were
      found in 19 patients (56%), most often in the stomach and also in the duodenum in
      12 patients; they co-existed often with adenomas. In addition, there were nine
      patients with ileal polyps, most of them showing lymphoid hyperplasia but also
      one with adenomas. It is suggested that familial adenomatosis affects the whole
      gastrointestinal tract, not only the colon and rectum as believed earlier.
      Although upper gastrointestinal tract adenomas are not as consistent and multiple
      as those in the colon, and probably do not require prophylactic surgery, regular
      lifelong endoscopic follow up is warranted because of obviously increased cancer
      risk.

PMID- 6832629
TI  - Non-fatal acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
AB  - Four patients are described, admitted during a three-year period, who recovered
      from acute fatty liver of pregnancy; vomiting and jaundice were the main
      manifestations of the disease; coma and anuria were absent. During the same
      period, we observed one patient who died of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. This
      experience suggests that the non-fatal form of the disorder may be much commoner
      than the fatal form.

PMID- 6832631
TI  - Advanced and recurrent carcinoma of the ovary treated with a combination of
      cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma, FIGO
      Stages III and IV, were treated with combination chemotherapy using
      cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cytosine arabinoside (CARA). In 17 cases, CARA
      was initiated following failure to single-agent chemotherapy, in all cases,
      melphalan. Nine patients with advanced cancer received CARA as their primary
      chemotherapy after maximum cytoreductive surgery. The overall response rate was
      27%; however, in patients without prior chemotherapy the response rate was 44%.
      There were 6 complete responders, 1 partial responder, 13 patients with stable
      disease, and 6 who failed to respond to therapy. Four of six complete responders
      had remission durations greater than 10 months. The median progression free
      interval (PFI) of patients with residual tumor diameters less than 2 cm was
      significantly longer (P less than or equal to 0.04) than the PFI of patients with
      greater initial tumor burden. The median PFI of complete responders was
      significantly longer (P = 0.007) than PFI of patients with less than complete
      response. Previously untreated patients had longer median PFI than those who had
      failed previous chemotherapy (P = 0.07). The major dose-limiting toxicity of CARA
      was thrombocytopenia. Other myelosuppression was moderate and no cardiotoxicity
      was encountered.

PMID- 6832630
TI  - Pseudotumoral enterocolitis and massive eosinophilia.
AB  - We report a seven year history of a 23 year old woman born in the Antilles, with
      pseudotumoral enterocolitis and massive eosinophilia. In 1973 she developed a
      haemorrhagic colitis with massive peripheral eosinophilia of up to 60000/mm3.
      Medical treatment, mainly corticosteroids, failed to control the disease. The
      patient temporarily improved after colectomy and remained in remission for two
      years. In 1978 the disease recurred in the rectum and small intestine with
      formation of tumour-like granulomata and massive infiltration by eosinophils,
      unresponsive to corticosteroids. Intestinal blood and protein loss continued
      until death seven years after onset. In spite of exhaustive investigation, no
      parasites, allergens, or other aetiological agents could be found. As only the
      gut was infiltrated, the hypereosinophilic syndrome could be excluded. The
      enterocolitis here described does not correspond to an eosinophilic
      gastroenteritis, nor to other known inflammatory bowel diseases and to our
      knowledge has not been reported previously.

PMID- 6832632
TI  - Ovarian carcinoma: management of stress in patients and physicians.
AB  - A discussion of the management of ovarian cancer invariably involves the problems
      of death and dying faced by the patient, her family, and her physician. This
      paper attempts to deal with the general fears, anxieties, and problems of
      terminality, and also places attention on specific issues involved in living with
      the ongoing disease and its treatments. Focus is on the effects of the disease on
      the woman's self-image, on her family and relationships, on life outside the
      hospital, and on her relationship with her attending physician. Specific problems
      relating to the periods of (1) diagnosis, (2) operative management and treatment,
      and (3) terminality are discussed. Understanding the psychosocial realities of
      the patient provides the physician with added insights into methods to assist the
      patient in adaptation and coping with this ultimately fatal disease.

PMID- 6832633
TI  - The value of colposcopy in follow-up care of the treated gynecologic oncology
      patient.
AB  - The diagnostic value of colposcopy for primary gynecologic malignancies is well
      accepted. This study was conducted to determine the value of colposcopy in follow
      up examinations of treated gynecologic oncology patients. The original
      gynecologic malignancies included carcinomas of the cervix, endometrium, ovary,
      vulva, vagina, fallopian tubes, and uterine sarcomas. Distinct colposcopic
      changes could be identified secondary to radiation therapy, granulation tissue,
      surgery, and recurrent disease. One-hundred eight treated gynecologic oncology
      patients were colposcopically examined. Twenty-four of the one-hundred eight
      patients developed recurrent disease. Thirteen of twenty-four patients had
      recurrent disease in the vagina, on the cervix, or the vulva. The recurrent
      disease in these 13 patients was colposcopically diagnosed.

PMID- 6832634
TI  - Epithelial compartment volume density: a proposal of a prognosis score in
      endometrial adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The point count method was used to calculate the relative volume density of the
      epithelial, stromal, and luminal compartments of endometrial adenocarcinoma,
      according to stereological principles. All three compartments could be correlated
      with survival in a significant way. The relative volume density of the epithelial
      compartment further correlated with the histologic grade of the tumor, but not
      with the clinical stage of disease or age of the patient. Providing the
      pathologist with a 40% relative volume density of the epithelial compartment as a
      decision line, this parameter may be useful as a prognostic factor. A prognosis
      scoring system on a pretherapeutic and postsurgical-pathologic level is proposed
      and its utility applied to the study group.

PMID- 6832635
TI  - Psychosexual adjustment of gynecologic oncology patients: a proposed model for
      future investigation.

PMID- 6832637
TI  - Granulosa cell tumors in Israel: a study of 172 cases.
AB  - Data of an epidemiologic study of granulosa cell tumors in Israel are presented.
      During the 15-year period of the survey, 172 cases of granulosa cell tumors of
      the ovary were diagnosed. This represents a yearly incidence of 0.9/100,000
      females. The incidence of occurrence was two times higher in women of
      European/American origin than in those of Asian/African origin. Most patients
      were 40 to 69 years old. The presenting symptoms were mainly those of abdominal
      distension and pain and changes in the menstrual pattern. Associated malignancy
      was relatively common. Carcinoma of the breast was present in 6.4% of patients
      and endometrial malignancy in 11%. Forty-five percent of patients were diagnosed
      at Stage I of the disease while 27% were detected at the advanced Stages, III and
      IV. Factors affecting the prognosis involved the clinical stage of the disease at
      diagnosis, the type of presenting symptoms, and to a limited extent, the age of
      the patient.

PMID- 6832636
TI  - Nuclear DNA content of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix and its
      relationship to prognosis.
AB  - A study was performed to determine if ploidy levels of nuclear DNA content could
      be used as a prognostic index of the biologic behavior of clear cell
      adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young females. Forty tumors were
      examined. Four patterns of nuclear DNA distribution were identified: (1)
      peridiploid stem cell lines (2N to 3N); (2) peritetraploid stem cell lines (3N to
      5N); (3) hypertetraploid stem cell lines (greater than 5N); and (4) highly
      aneuploid without detectable stem cell lines. Tumors having peridiploid and
      peritetraploid stem cell lines (low ploidy group) were most often clinical Stage
      I or II (87%) and were in general associated with a favorable prognosis. Tumors
      having hypertetraploid stem cell lines and highly aneuploid distribution (high
      ploidy group) were usually clinical Stage III or IV (65%). Clinically advanced
      tumors (Stage III or IV) had poor prognosis irrespective of ploidy level. Among
      the clinical Stage I and II tumors, the low ploidy group had a slightly better
      prognosis than the high ploidy group. This difference, however, was not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 6832638
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma of the cervix uteri from the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 6832639
TI  - [Preoperative diagnosis for the detection of risk patients and for the selection
      of anesthetic procedures].

PMID- 6832640
TI  - [Perioperative hygienic measures and wound infection].

PMID- 6832643
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis: general genetic aspects and chromosome abnormalities].

PMID- 6832642
TI  - [Postoperative acute abdomen].

PMID- 6832645
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine malformations].

PMID- 6832644
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of metabolic diseases and monogenic hereditary diseases].

PMID- 6832646
TI  - [Perinatology and obstetrics].

PMID- 6832647
TI  - [Operative gynecology].

PMID- 6832648
TI  - [Legal problems before, during and after gynecologic interventions].

PMID- 6832641
TI  - [Prevention of thrombosis in gynecology].

PMID- 6832649
TI  - [Second-look operations in ovarian cancer. Analysis of 20 cases].

PMID- 6832650
TI  - Survival data of Israeli Jewish patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      cervix treated by irradiation.
AB  - During a 9-year period 61 Israeli Jewish Patients with histologically confirmed
      invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SUC) were treated by
      irradiation alone. A large proportion of the patients (44.2%) were more than 60
      years old and only 27.9% were diagnosed as having stage IB disease. This is
      attributed to low awareness and infrequent cytologic screening. There is a trend
      for a large proportion of stage IB patients among those younger than 59 compared
      to those older than 60 years. The overall 5-year survival rate was 52.2% and the
      survival of patients with stage IB (72.6%) was significantly higher than in more
      advanced stages. In addition to clinical stage, age at diagnosis and method of
      irradiation also influenced survival rates.

PMID- 6832651
TI  - Antithrombin III and platelets during the normal menstrual cycle and in women
      receiving oral contraceptives low in oestrogen.
AB  - Determinations of platelet number and concentration of antithrombin III (AT-III)
      were made in samples of plasma collected during one normal or hormone-simulated
      cycle in 14 young, normal women and in 11 women using an oral contraceptive low
      in oestrogen. Distinct, individual levels caused the variation of both parameters
      to be greater within the group than individually. Despite a few exceptions, a
      slight but statistically significant increase in the platelet number and AT-III
      level occurred around midcycle in the normal group. In the hormone group the
      platelet number increased slightly in the treatment period, while the AT-III
      level showed a corresponding slight decrease. The large decreases in AT-III
      levels reported by other authors testing oral contraceptives high in oestrogen
      were not seen in our study.

PMID- 6832652
TI  - Establishment of a method for preservation of human cervical mucus for in vitro
      penetration tests.
AB  - Midcycle cervical mucus was obtained from 56 women. Each mucus sample was divided
      into four portions collected into a capillary tube and kept either at room
      temperature or at 4 degrees C, -20 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen for 1 h,
      afterwards thawed at 37 degrees C and used in the in vitro penetration device for
      1 h. 56 semen samples of good quality were used, the same sample for all four
      types of the same cervical mucus. Very high significant correlations were
      calculated between the penetration value (PV) rates in all four methods of
      cervical mucus preservation. Paired t test revealed a significant decrease (p
      less than 0.025) in the PV rates of sperm in the cervical mucus cryopreserved in
      liquid nitrogen. The results of this study recommend the establishment of a
      cervical mucus bank using the 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C as possible methods
      for preservation of cervical mucus.

PMID- 6832653
TI  - Sialic acid in lymphocytes and sera from mothers and their newborns after normal
      deliveries.
AB  - Sialic acid was determined in newborn and maternal lymphocytes as well as in
      newborn and maternal serum immediately after normal deliveries. A significant
      increase in sialic acid in newborn as compared to maternal lymphocytes was found.
      Sialic acid concentration seems to be sex-dependent for newborn lymphocytes only,
      and higher concentrations of sialic acid were observed in male as compared to
      female newborn lymphocytes. No differences between the sialic acid concentration
      in maternal and control lymphocytes could be found. In newborn serum, sialic acid
      was significantly reduced as compared to maternal or control serum. No sex-linked
      differences were observed. No differences between the concentration of maternal
      and control serum were detected.

PMID- 6832655
TI  - The mutagenic activity of nickel in Corynebacterium sp.
AB  - Ni2+ ions exhibit a mutagenic effect on the bacterial strain Corynebacterium sp.
      887 (hom). The mutagenic activity of the divalent nickel was demonstrated by both
      the simplified fluctuation test and the so-called clone method. However, when
      using the clone method and low nickel concentrations the frequency of induced
      mutants decreases considerably as compared with the control and Ni2+ ions have an
      antimutagenic effect under these conditions.

PMID- 6832654
TI  - Alkaloid production by Claviceps sp. SD-58; involvement of phosphatase isozymes.
AB  - Simultaneous reduction in alkaloid yield and level of phosphatases by high
      concentrations of phosphate was observed in Claviceps sp. SD-58. Tryptophan
      induced culture showed an increase in alkaloid yield and the level of
      phosphatases. Phosphate caused repression of both acid phosphatase (isoenzyme I)
      and alkaline phosphatase (isoenzymes III and V).

PMID- 6832656
TI  - Effect of Myrothecium sp. cellulase on different types of cellulose and
      cellulosic materials.
AB  - Three types of cellulase preparations were applied to different types of
      cellulose and cellulosic materials. The action of these types of cellulase on
      cellulose powder was increased with the increase of enzyme concentration. Both
      carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC)
      released high amounts of reducing sugar as affected by cellulase application.
      Different types of paper pulp were moderately hydrolyzed, while agricultural
      wastes were slightly hydrolyzed. Vegetable and fruits cellulose were equally
      hydrolyzed but at low rate. Pretreatment of cellulose or cellulosic materials by
      grinding or by swelling with phosphoric acid gave rise to increased hydrolysis by
      the enzyme. Cellobiose was detected chromatographically as an intermediate
      product of hydrolysis of both cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose with glucose.

PMID- 6832657
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of 3-methyl-5-furfurylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidones.
AB  - Substituted 3-methyl-5-furfurylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidones 1-17 were tested
      for their action against Bacillus pumilus, B. brevis and B. megaterium and
      against Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger. Most of the compounds
      possessed an activity against both bacteria and fungi. These compounds were also
      tested for their effectiveness as virus inhibitors employing Nicotiana glutinosa
      as assay host against tobacco mosaic virus. Most of them exhibited potential
      antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6832658
TI  - Production of phenazines by Streptomyces cinnamonensis.

PMID- 6832659
TI  - Effect of glucose on the amount of bacteria mineralizing 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil.
AB  - Plate numbers of bacteria and relative incidence of strains capable of
      mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in chernozem samples
      incubated for 14d with the herbicide (50 ppm) in the presence or absence of
      glucose (1000 ppm) were compared. Whereas the total number of bacteria increased
      1.2-fold in the variant with 2,4-D and 2.4-fold in the variant with glucose and
      the herbicide, the number of 2,4-D-mineralizing bacteria increased 12.1-fold and
      34.2-fold, respectively. In a collection of 96 isolates of soil bacteria
      substantially more strains capable of degradation of 2,4-D in the presence of
      glucose were detected as compared with the variant without it, indicating that
      processes of cometabolic type are involved during the degradation of this
      herbicide in the soil.

PMID- 6832660
TI  - Interaction between microorganisms, chemical composition and environment in salt
      affected soils.
AB  - The soil microbial population, determined over a period of 19 months and the
      elemental chemical composition measured by X-ray fluorescence techniques were
      followed in two uncultivated salt-affected areas of Greece, namely Lantza and
      Klidi. The ecological conditions at Lantza remained stable during the period of
      study while at Klidi some ecological variations occurred. The present results
      indicate that in Lantza soil both the microbial population and the elemental
      chemical composition of the soil remained constant during the period of study
      while in Klidi alterations in both were observed.

PMID- 6832662
TI  - Total astragaloplasty.
AB  - Four cases are presented of astragular arthrosis treated with substitution of the
      entire astragalus with a prosthesis identical in form to that bone. The four
      cases were due to severe fracture, avascular necrosis, and degenerative joint
      disease. One patient died of a heart attack 6 months after the operation, the
      other three cases, one of them with a 6-year follow-up, present a good result.
      The presentation is made to illustrate the clinical progress of treatment of
      talar arthroses.

PMID- 6832661
TI  - Mitchell osteotomy for hallux valgus: long-term follow-up and gait analysis.
AB  - In this retrospective study of 96 Mitchell first-metatarsal osteotomies performed
      on 69 patients with an average follow-up of 7 years, we found that more than 86%
      were completely satisfied and that the procedure was equally effective in all age
      groups. Excessive first metatarsal shortening, dorsiflexion of the osteotomy, and
      failure to correct the intermetatarsal angle to 10 degrees or less correlated
      with poorer results. This study demonstrates a relationship between metatarsal
      shortening and osteotomy plantarflexion. Gait analysis demonstrated that these
      patients do not have normal foot mechanics postoperatively.

PMID- 6832663
TI  - Foot growth rate in children age one to six years.
AB  - Previous guidelines suggested that children age 2 to 6 years require a shoe size
      change every 1 to 2 months. Our study of foot growth in 112 children enrolled in
      a prospective treatment protocol for flatfoot demonstrates that children age 12
      to 30 months will require shoe size change every two to three months but that
      foot growth slows over the subsequent four years, necessitating shoe size change
      only every 4 months in children up to 4 years of age and every 6 months in
      children from age 4 to 6 years.

PMID- 6832664
TI  - The arthrogrypotic foot plan of management and results of treatment.
AB  - Fifty-one arthrogrypotic feet have been treated and followed by the Pediatric
      Orthopaedic Unit, Tufts New England Medical Center, (1970-1980). Forty of the 51
      feet presented as equinovarus with the residual divided among metatarsus
      adductus, vertical tali, and calcaneovalgus. Equinovarus deformities are the most
      resistant in all cases. Corrective casts are applied for at least the first 3
      months of life. Surgical procedures were then initiated with any evidence of lack
      of progression of treatment. Varus and equinus were treated by an extensive
      posterior and medial release. Lateral soft tissue releases in addition to
      calcaneocuboid fusion or cuboid osteotomy were necessary in 24 of the 70
      operations. Recurrence rate has been a problem in the simple type of posterior
      release including only an Achilles tendon lengthening, and posterior capsulotomy
      of the ankle and subtalar joint. Talectomy has been carried out in four feet and
      appears to be one type of reasonable salvage procedure in smaller children with
      recurrent varus. Treatment is difficult in these patients but a plantigrade foot
      should be achieved in all cases.

PMID- 6832666
TI  - Spontaneous hallux varus: relation to poliomyelitis and congenital absence of the
      fibular sesamoid.

PMID- 6832665
TI  - Osteochondritis of the hallux sesamoid bones.
AB  - The clinical, radiological, and pathological features of six cases of
      osteochondritis of the metatarsal sesamoids are presented. This condition seems
      to affect primarily young females. Bone scans are a useful tool in assessing
      disease in the hallux sesamoid bones. Stress fracture and subsequent repair are
      postulated as the etiology of osteochondritis of the hallux sesamoid bones. Many
      of these cases do not respond to conservative management and the affected
      sesamoid must be surgically removed.

PMID- 6832667
TI  - Objective technique for evaluating painful heel syndrome and its treatment.
AB  - The biomechanical evaluation of patients with painful heels has received only
      limited attention although the potential morbidity and disability associated with
      such an ailment can be severe. An objective analysis of the patient's foot
      function during gait can produce useful information to assess the underlying
      pathology. This method can also help to evaluate the efficacy of various existing
      treatment protocols. The impulse distribution based on foot-floor vertical
      reaction force and time under the hind-, mid-, and forefoot was determined in 32
      normal subjects while walking in their usual street shoes. Variations related to
      shoe types were noted, with high heeled shoes causing the most significant
      deviations from normal. The same technique was applied to 13 painful heel
      syndrome patients. Characteristic deviations from the normal impulse distribution
      were noted in these patients which provided the basis for differentiating the
      pathological condition between the patients with painful heel pads and those with
      plantar fasciitis. The effectiveness of using heel cups as a therapeutic device
      was also assessed. Although significant gait changes were not associated with the
      insertion of heel cups, they did seem to shift the foot-floor impulse forward
      from the heel region, which made them effective in patients afflicted with
      localized heel pain, but not in those with plantar fasciitis.

PMID- 6832668
TI  - Interdigital neuroma--a critical clinical analysis.
AB  - A retrospective study of 56 patients upon whom 76 interdigital neuromas were
      excised was carefully evaluated. There were 53 females and 3 males, with an
      average age of 55 years. The main preoperative symptom was pain in the plantar
      aspect of the foot which was increased by walking and relieved by rest. The main
      preoperative physical finding was that of tenderness in the involved interspace.
      There were an equal number of interdigital neuromas removed from the second and
      third interspace. Postoperatively 65% of patients still noted some local plantar
      tenderness, and 68% noted numbness in the interspace. Postoperatively 80% of the
      patients were subjectively improved.

PMID- 6832669
TI  - Lateral approach to sinus tarsi.

PMID- 6832670
TI  - [The value of experimental surgery].

PMID- 6832671
TI  - [Therapy in neurology. 14. Bottleneck syndromes and their treatment].

PMID- 6832672
TI  - [The therapeutic scope of sodium nitroprusside].
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a monoinfusion was administered to 50 patients for
      periods of a few hours. A further group of 20 patients received SNP for periods
      of several days as a combination solution, of SNP mixed with sodium thiosulphate.
      Infusion of SNP on its own at levels exceeding 2 micrograms/kg/min led to cyanide
      levels in the blood rising proportional to dosage. Infusion of SNP mixed with
      thiosulphate showed no such accumulation. This procedure is free of danger and
      should become the technique of choice when therapeutically administering SNP to
      lower blood pressure.

PMID- 6832673
TI  - [Steroids and experimental brain edema. Effect of the lysosomal enzymes of brain
      tissue on steroid treatment after local cold injury].

PMID- 6832674
TI  - [Therapy of urinary tract infections with dibekacin].
AB  - The use of a new aminoglycosid antibiotic (dibekacin = Orbicin) in the treatment
      of severe urinary tract infections in a urological clinic is presented. After
      having given their written informed consent, 50 patients were treated with a
      dosage of 150-225 mg dibekacin, administered in three single daily doses. From a
      total of 41 mono-infections, asepsis could be attained in 70,7%, in 17,1% no
      effect could be observed and in 12,2% it came to a change of bacteria. From a
      total of 9 mixed infections, asepsis was observed only twice after the end of
      therapy. 87,5% of the patients reported about a far-reaching improvement or
      complete disappearance of clinical symptoms. In 2 cases allergic exanthema was
      observed. The local toleration was good. Disturbances of the otovestibular
      function were not registered.

PMID- 6832676
TI  - [Chondropathia patellae caused by mountain climbing].

PMID- 6832675
TI  - [Results and problems in the use of sledge prostheses in knee joint prosthetics].

PMID- 6832678
TI  - [Elbow joint-near fractures in the child. 1: Classification, supracondylar
      humeral fracture, epicondylar rupture fracture].

PMID- 6832680
TI  - [Guidelines for fracture treatment. 2: Spine, pelvis, patella].

PMID- 6832677
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of childhood torticollis: fixated atlanto-axial
      rotational dislocation].

PMID- 6832679
TI  - [A new method for reinsertion of para-osseous capsule ligament and tendon
      ruptures].
AB  - The right-angle-drill allows both technically easy and quick treatment of torn
      ligaments and tendons next to the bone. The secure handling of the drill allows
      an optimum reconstruction of ligaments and tendons even in hardly accessible
      sites of operation.

PMID- 6832681
TI  - [Clinical significance of direct measurement of bone mineral content. 125I photon
      absorption measurement in 1252 cases].
AB  - 1252 patients were examined by 125I-photonabsorptiometry, a non-invasive method
      for direct determination of bone mineral content. These patients were divided
      into 21 groups with different diagnoses including primary skeletal disorders and
      diseases of internal medicine (endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal) with possible
      secondary skeletal involvement. The findings are analyzed on the basis of well
      established own normal ranges, which were obtained from determinations on 1058
      healthy people. The well reproducible and quantitative results allow to cover the
      frequency and severity of deficits in bone mineral mass occurring with the
      diseases mentioned above. As examples the findings in primary hyperparathyroidism
      and in chronic renal insufficiency before and during hemodialysis are shown in
      more detail. While the radiation exposure is practically negligible, control
      measurements can be performed regularly, which supply a good judgement of the
      course of disease with and without treatment.

PMID- 6832682
TI  - [English health care from the viewpoint of general medicine].

PMID- 6832684
TI  - [Evaluation of education of the diabetic. Quality control in diabetes therapy].
AB  - Any successful treatment of type-I diabetic patients has to be based upon a
      detailed education of the diabetic patient in order to enable him to selfmanage
      his disease as much as possible. The goals of diabetes-therapy (i.e. near
      normalization of glycaemia in order to prevent diabetic microangiopathy at as
      high a quality of life as possible) can only be achieved by actively involving
      the patient in his/her therapy. Thus patient education becomes the cornerstone of
      modern diabetes-care. The evaluation of diabetes-education has--eventually--be
      based upon an assessment of the quality of metabolic control. A number of studies
      have proven that effective diabetes-education programmes can substantially
      improve long-term metabolic control and the incidence of acute complications in
      type I diabetic patients. At present, it appears that the most efficient way to
      improve the overall quality of diabetes-care is to improve diabetes-education
      delivered to the patients.

PMID- 6832685
TI  - [The Ondine syndrome].

PMID- 6832683
TI  - [Specific serum therapy yesterday and today. 2: Intravenous use of differently
      prepared antibody preparations].

PMID- 6832687
TI  - [Fractures near the elbow in the child. 2: Transcondylar fractures, olecranal
      fractures, fracture of the neck of the radius and ephiphysiolysis of the head of
      the radius].

PMID- 6832688
TI  - [Guidelines for fracture treatment. 3: Shoulder girdle, humerus, forearm, hand].

PMID- 6832689
TI  - [Results of a double-blind study with Amuno gel vs. placebo].

PMID- 6832686
TI  - [Elbow joint dislocations in the child].

PMID- 6832690
TI  - The clinical use of inotropes in cardiac failure: dopamine, dobutamine,
      prenalterol and pirbuterol.
AB  - The impaired cardiac performance in patients with congestive cardiac failure may
      be improved by the introduction of inotropic therapy. Dopamine and dobutamine are
      both potent cardiac stimulants although their haemodynamic profile is different.
      Dobutamine would appear to be the more appropriate choice in cardiac failure
      because of the additional benefit of preload reduction although in the context of
      severe hypotension dopamine would be preferred. The need for intravenous
      administration, however, limits their clinical application. In acute studies, the
      oral agents prenalterol and pirbuterol, are effective in improving myocardial
      function; pirbuterol mainly due to peripheral vasodilatation and afterload
      reduction. There are few chronic studies but confirmation of sustained
      haemodynamic improvement is lacking. This could be due, either to the inexorable
      deterioration in cardiac function or to a reduction in the beta receptor
      population available for catecholamine stimulation.

PMID- 6832691
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of sulmazol (ARL-115 BS), a new vasodilator and positive
      inotropic agent, in patients with cardiogenic shock.
AB  - The imidazol-pyridine ARL-115 BS (sulmazol) has both positive inotropic and
      vasodilatory effects. Its hemodynamic effects were studied in 13 patients with
      shock after myocardial infarction. All patients required dobutamine or dopamine,
      while nine were treated with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. After a
      loading dose of 50 mg, sulmazol was administered at 50 mg/h followed by 100 mg/h
      during 30 or 60 minutes. At the highest dose of sulmazol, cardiac output
      increased from 4.3 +/- 1.1 to 4.9 +/- 1.5 1/min; systemic vascular resistance
      decreased from 1405 +/- 473 to 1228 +/- 439 dynes . s . cm-5, while pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure decreased from 22 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 7 mm Hg. No changes
      occurred in heart rate or mean arterial pressure. The effect of sulmazol was
      greater than the effect of an increased dosage of dobutamine in five patients in
      whom this was studied. Episodes of supraventricular tachycardia occurred in two
      patients. No other side effects were observed. The hemodynamic changes caused by
      sulmazol favour its use in the treatment of acute cardiac failure, and
      cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 6832692
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of the new inotropic agent sulmazol (AR-L115 BS) administered
      intravenously to patients with severe heart failure.

PMID- 6832693
TI  - [Systemic arterial collateral vessels as a cause of pulmonary hypertension in an
      infant with transposition of the great arteries].

PMID- 6832694
TI  - Treatment of non-ulcerative dyspepsia.

PMID- 6832695
TI  - Multiple hepatitis attacks with immunothrombocytopenia in a heroin addict.
AB  - A 25-year-old heroin-addict had four episodes of acute hepatitis, each of them
      associated with thrombocytopenia. Serologically, hepatitis A and B as well as
      cytomegalo- or Epstein-Barr virus infections were excluded. High levels of
      circulating immune complexes and antibodies reacting with aminophospholipids, a
      component of both liver cell and platelet membranes, were detected during the
      last two attacks of hepatitis, but were absent during remission. Platelet
      associated antibodies of the IgM class paralleled the 'anti-phospholipid'
      antibodies during the fourth attack. These findings demonstrate an immunological
      basis of the thrombocytopenia and point to the possibility of a direct
      association between liver cell injury and peripheral platelet destruction in
      certain patients.

PMID- 6832696
TI  - Dyspepsia and chronic gastritis.
AB  - The histological pattern of fundic and antral mucosa was evaluated in
      endoscopically bioptic material obtained from 32 dyspeptic patients in the
      absence of circumscribed lesions of the stomach, duodenum, hepato-biliary area
      and pancreas, and in 30 asymptomatic controls. The data obtained failed to reveal
      any significant differences between the dyspeptic patients and the asymptomatic
      control group as regards the presence of chronic inflammatory alterations of the
      fundic or antral mucosa. Furthermore, the present findings reconfirmed the well
      known progression with age, of the gastric inflammatory damage both in the antral
      and fundic area in the two groups considered without evidence of significant
      differences between them. Therefore, in conclusion dyspepsia "sine materia" does
      not have a histological pattern of chronic gastritis either of the fundus or of
      the antrum as its substrate.

PMID- 6832697
TI  - Influence of a non-synthetic diet with a high fat content on the local occurrence
      of colonic carcinomas induced by N-nitroso-acetoxymethylmethylamine (AMMN) in
      Sprague-Dawley Rats.
AB  - Low doses (0.1 mg/animal administered fortnightly for 48 weeks) of the local
      carcinogen N-nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamine (acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine,
      AMMN) were administered intrarectally to Sprague-Dawley rats fed a standard diet
      (Altromin pellets) and resulted in a 22% incidence of colonic cancer. When the
      carcinogen was administered to rats kept on a nonsynthetic diet with a high fat
      content for their entire life-time, the colonic cancer risk was identical. The
      results demonstrate that an unbalanced high-fat diet need not necessarily
      increase the colonic cancer risk caused by a chemical carcinogen.

PMID- 6832698
TI  - Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach--a case report on ultrasonographic differential
      diagnosis of cystic lesions in the abdomen.

PMID- 6832699
TI  - A high hepatic concentration of free proline does not induce collagen synthesis
      in rat liver.
AB  - It has been reported that the concentration of free proline in the liver can be a
      limiting factor in the synthesis of hepatic collagen, and there has also been
      found to be a good correlation between the free proline and the amount of
      collagen in cirrhotic human livers. Since ethanol retards the breakdown of
      proline, it might be expected that ethanol-induced liver cirrhosis could be
      produced by the effect of ethanol on the hepatic proline level. In the present
      study the hepatic free proline level was increased more than three-fold by the
      administration of proline-rich diet to the rats used in the experiment.
      Administration of ethanol to the animals did not further increase the
      concentration of free proline of the liver. The high free proline level had no
      effect on the collagen formation, nor on the structure of the liver. It can
      therefore be assumed that the increased free proline levels observed in cirrhotic
      livers did not induce an increased collagen accumulation, and are a consequence
      of an altered proline metabolism.

PMID- 6832700
TI  - Diagnosis and therapy of liver abscess by ultrasonographic imaging, puncture and
      drainage.
AB  - Liver abscesses in 19 patients were primarily diagnosed by real-time ultrasound.
      Characteristic features and changes in the course of disease are described. Fine
      needle puncture under ultrasonographic guidance confirmed the diagnosis and
      permitted bacteriologic examination. Ultrasonographically guided abscess drainage
      dramatically improved the clinical condition, and can be recommended as an
      alternative to surgical drainage.

PMID- 6832701
TI  - Effect of acid perfusion of the terminal ileum on plasma immunoreactive secretin
      and pancreatic secretion in the rat.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive secretin in acid extracts of the alimentary
      tract of the rat was determined. It was found to be contained in higher
      concentrations in the duodenum and in the terminal ileum than in other parts of
      the intestine. To elucidate the possible role of secretin contained in the
      terminal ileum, this part of the intestine was perfused with hydrochloric acid, a
      potent secretin secretagogue, and changes in plasma immunoreactive secretin
      levels and in pancreatic secretion were investigated in anaesthetized rats.
      Plasma immunoreactive secretin was increased from 65 +/- 5 pg/ml to 108 +/- 13
      pg/ml during a 10 minutes perfusion with hydrochloric acid. This was
      significantly higher than that of saline perfusion but significantly lower than
      that of duodenal perfusion with hydrochloric acid. Acid perfusion of the terminal
      ileum also caused a three-fold increase in pancreatic flow rate and a twofold
      increase in bicarbonate concentration. These results suggest that the terminal
      ileum, through release of secretin, might play a role in regulating the
      pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate in response to changes in
      intraluminal fluids in the distal intestine in the rat.

PMID- 6832703
TI  - Induction of implantation by a human uterotrophic placental protein (UTPH) in
      female mice and rats with delayed implantation.

PMID- 6832702
TI  - The placenta as a glucocorticoid target tissue: exchange assay of (3H)
      dexamethasone binding and effect of steroids on receptor content.
AB  - Binding of (3H)-dexamethasone was studied in high speed supernatant (HSS) of
      basal zone trophoblast and labyrinthine zone of rat placenta using an exchange
      assay. The system showed the following characteristics: (1) maximum binding was
      attained after 120 min of incubation; (2) molybdate was required in the medium to
      measure binding sites at 20 degrees C and equilibrium conditions; (3) exchange
      was near 90-100% between ligand and corticosterone added during a preincubation;
      (4) low capacity (190-250 fmoles/mg protein), high affinity (Kd 10(-8) M) binders
      were determined by saturation analysis; (5) competition with other steroids in
      vitro revealed that in basal zone trophoblast, only dexamethasone displaced the
      ligand, whereas in labyrinthine zone corticosterone, progesterone and
      testosterone competed to a smaller degree than dexamethasone. We have also
      studied the effect of in vivo treatment of pregnant rats for four days with
      dexamethasone, corticosterone, estradiol, progesterone or testosterone, on (3H)
      dexamethasone binding. Of all tested compounds, only dexamethasone treatment
      (which was suspended 24 h before the experiment to prevent receptor occupancy by
      exogenous hormone) significantly decreased binding of the tritiated hormone in
      HSS of labyrinthine zone and basal zone trophoblast. These results suggest that
      dexamethasone regulates its own receptor in placenta. The physiological aspect of
      this phenomenon requires elucidation of the role of glucocorticoids on placental
      function in the rat.

PMID- 6832704
TI  - Free estradiol increase with concomitant decrease of free testosterone in plasma
      from normal men after incubation with spironolactone.

PMID- 6832705
TI  - Testosterone and bone loss in Klinefelter syndrome.

PMID- 6832706
TI  - Serodiagnosis of recent hepatitis B infection by IgM class anti-HBc.
AB  - The time sequence, relative reactivity, and persistence of anti-HBc IgM were
      assessed in patients with HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis. A solid-phase
      immunoassay was developed using the IgM capture procedure with anti-mu-coated
      polystyrene beads. HBcAg was purified from serum Dane particles and used as a
      probe with 125I-labeled anti-HBc IgG. This immunoassay exhibited a pronounced
      prozoning phenomenon, and relative titers of sera differed widely depending upon
      the dilution of serum tested. When all sera were tested at 1:5,000 dilution,
      results were comparable in different patient groups. Anti-HBc IgM persisted at
      detectable levels for up to 2 years, and it was necessary to establish relative
      titers to discriminate current from remote infections. A cut-off assay value was
      established, and in 12 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, antibody
      exceeded this value for about 6 months after onset of HBs antigenemia. A similar
      profile of anti-HBc IgM persistence was observed in seven patients who developed
      an HBsAg chronic carrier state. Long-term viral replication did not sustain
      elevated IgM class-specific antibody levels. The studies suggest that anti-HBc
      IgM analyses may be useful for differentiating recent and current HBV infections
      from remote infections, eliminating HBV as the agent for non-A, non-B hepatitis
      in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and detecting HBV as the etiologic agent during
      silent (HBsAg negative) infections.

PMID- 6832708
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human ligandin.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for human ligandin has been developed
      and used to study ligandin release into the serum in acute and chronic hepatitis.
      Serum ligandin concentrations were elevated in 67 of 68 cases of acute viral
      hepatitis. Ligandin levels frequently returned to normal within the first 2 weeks
      of illness. The rapid disappearance of ligandin preceded the return to normal of
      serum SGOT. In chronic active hepatitis, serum ligandin levels correlated
      significantly (p less than 0.01) with histologic severity of disease. This
      correlation was not seen with SGOT. Serum ligandin may be useful in monitoring
      progress and the need for therapy in chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 6832707
TI  - Elevated circulating immune complexes in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a syndrome of unknown etiology
      characterized by an association with inflammatory bowel disease in 50% or more
      cases. Since altered immunity, including circulating immune complexes, has been
      implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, we postulated that
      humoral immune mechanisms might also be important in the development of PSC.
      Therefore, as an initial step in testing this hypothesis, we examined sera of
      patients with PSC for the presence of circulating immune complexes by two
      independent methods: C1q binding and Raji cell assays. Twenty-four patients with
      PSC, 16 of whom had coexisting chronic ulcerative colitis, were prospectively
      selected by predefined biochemical, histologic, and radiographic criteria.
      Sixteen patients with inflammatory bowel disease and normal liver tests as well
      as six patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction served as disease controls.
      Sera were positive for circulating immune complexes by at least one method in 80%
      (16/20) of patients with PSC; 70% (14/20 were positive by the Raji cell assay,
      58% (14/24) by the C1q binding assay, and 45% (9/20) by both methods. Levels of
      circulating immune complexes by each assay were higher in sera from patients with
      PSC than in sera from healthy controls or patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease alone (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in the levels of
      circulating immune complexes or in the frequency of positive tests in PSC
      patients with or without associated inflammatory bowel disease. In addition,
      there was no difference between the Raji cell binding of sera from six patients
      with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and six healthy controls tested
      concurrently. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that immunologic
      mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of PSC.

PMID- 6832709
TI  - Analysis of bilirubins in biological fluids by extraction and thin-layer
      chromatography of the intact tetrapyrroles: application to bile of patients with
      Gilbert's syndrome, hemolysis, or cholelithiasis.
AB  - A method was developed to extract quantitatively the bilirubins from bile, urine,
      serum, stool, and preparations from liver with a chloroform-ethanol mixture at pH
      1.8 in the presence of ascorbic acid and NaCl. Extracted pigment was submitted to
      thin-layer chromatography, and the separated bilirubins were either immediately
      eluted and determined spectrophotometrically or individually converted to ethyl
      anthranilate azo derivatives for thin-layer chromatographic analysis of each
      isolated pigment band. Bilirubins in duodenal bile of eight healthy adults
      comprised 1.5 +/- 1.3% unconjugated bilirubin-IX alpha, 69 +/- 6% bilirubin
      diglucuronide, and 16 +/- 4% bilirubin monoglucuronides. Mixed diconjugates
      containing one glucuronosyl moiety and either one xylosyl or one glucosyl group
      amounted to 10 +/- 3%. Most samples (6 of 8) contained trace amounts (0.6 +/-
      0.6%) of unconjugated bilirubin-IX beta, in agreement with nearly exclusive
      cleavage of heme at the alpha-meso position. The composition of the bilirubins in
      bile was normal in 6 patients with cholesterol gallstones, 4 with chronic
      hepatitis, and 3 with hemolysis. In duodenal bile of individuals with Gilbert's
      syndrome (n = 10), the concentration of bilirubin conjugates was comparable to
      that in healthy adults, but the proportion of bilirubin diglucuronides (52 +/-
      8%) was decreased. The concentration of unconjugated bilirubin-IX alpha showed a
      fair positive correlation with that of bilirubin monoglucuronide and was
      increased in half of the patients with Gilbert's syndrome.

PMID- 6832710
TI  - Early morphologic and enzymatic changes in livers of rats treated with
      chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids.
AB  - The effect of high doses of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids on hepatic
      morphology and on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was examined in the rat.
      After 2 weeks of either cheno or ursodeoxycholic acid feeding, the livers of the
      treated rats revealed marked proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      which appeared as an adaptation phenomenon of the microsomal enzyme system in
      response to bile acid intake. However, the livers of the chenodeoxycholic acid
      treated rats showed early alteration that included mild triaditis, swelling of
      the bile canalicular microvilli, distended Golgi vesicles, whorling of the
      mitochondria, and presence of large vacuoles bound by single membranes. During
      cheno- or ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, the administered bile acid predominated
      in the bile and amounted to 79 or 67% of the biliary bile acids, respectively. At
      the same time, the concentration of the muricholic acids was also increased.
      Biliary cholic acid content dropped significantly, but no change in lithocholic
      acid concentration was observed. In addition, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase
      as well as that of cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase was reduced by either of the
      administered bile acids, while no change in hepatic cholesterol content was
      detected, and intestinal cholesterol absorption was not significantly different
      from that of controls. These results show that cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acids
      inhibited hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis but did not increase either
      intestinal cholesterol absorption or hepatic microsomal cholesterol content.
      Since the amounts of biliary lithocholic acid were similar in the bile acid
      treated animals, the morphologic abnormalities detected in the chenodeoxycholic
      acid-fed rats are probably due to an increased pool of chenodeoxycholic acid.
      However, lithocholic acid-induced liver injury cannot be excluded.

PMID- 6832711
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis before and after
      chenodeoxycholic acid therapy in patients with cholelithiasis: the national
      cooperative gallstone study.
AB  - Electron microscopy was performed to assess potential hepatotoxicity before and
      after 9 and 24 months of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) therapy (375 or 750 mg,
      daily) in 103 patients with cholelithiasis. Prior to treatment, 64% of the
      biopsies demonstrated ultrastructural evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,
      manifested by abnormal bile canaliculi, thickened pericanalicular ectoplasm, and
      retention of biliary material within liver cells or pericellular spaces. After 9
      months of CDCA therapy, several changes (including increased free cytoplasmic
      "biliary pigment," decreased canalicular microvilli, and increased
      pericanalicular ectoplasm) consistent with intrahepatic cholestasis became more
      prevalent (63% prior to therapy, 89% at 9 months, p less than 0.01) regardless of
      CDCA dose. After 24 months of therapy, canalicular microvilli and pericanalicular
      ectoplasm continued to be abnormal (p less than 0.01). This study indicates that
      ultrastructural evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis is a common subclinical
      abnormality in patients with cholelithiasis which increases during CDCA therapy,
      changes which could represent either the natural history of cholelithiasis or
      CDCA toxicity. A drug effect is suggested by the lack of correlation of these
      abnormalities with the duration of cholelithiasis prior to CDCA treatment and
      their "increasing" prevalence after only 9 months of therapy. In addition,
      canalicular membrane lesions developed in two patients which were similar to
      lithocholate toxicity in animals. It is not known whether these abnormalities
      would result in clinically significant hepatoxicity if therapy is continued for
      longer than 24 months.

PMID- 6832712
TI  - Lipolysosomes in human hepatocytes: their increase in number associated with
      serum level of cholesterol in chronic liver diseases.
AB  - The clinical significance of hepatocellular lipolysosomes in patients with
      various liver diseases was investigated. Of the 102 cases studied, lipolysosomes
      were found in 78 cases or 76%. In patients with fatty change of the liver,
      hepatocellular lipolysosomes were found in 62 of 68 or 91%. In patients without
      fatty change, lipolysosomes were found in 16 of 34 or 47%. The lipolysosome:lipid
      ratio in the hepatocytes ranged from 0 to 10%. No differences were found in the
      lipolysosome:lipid ratios of patients with acute hepatitis, cholestasis, fatty
      liver, chronic hepatitis, or cirrhosis. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis with
      associated fatty change, the ratio was correlated with the serum level of
      cholesterol, whereas in fatty liver the ratio was not correlated with any
      parameters of patient's age, etiologic factors, or serum level of cholesterol.
      The findings suggest that lysosomal function is less significant as a
      pathogenesis of fat infiltration but lipolysosomes increase in number as a
      sequence of cholesterol overload to the liver.

PMID- 6832713
TI  - Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and morbid obesity.
AB  - Alcoholic liver disease is characterized by the accumulation of fat and
      inflammatory changes in the liver. Because free fatty acids, the precursors of
      triglycerides, can damage biological membranes, accumulation of free fatty acids
      in the liver might be in part responsible for the functional and morphological
      changes seen in alcoholic liver disease. We, therefore, determined the hepatic
      lipid composition in biopsies from 31 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 18
      patients with morbid obesity, and 5 patients without evidence of liver disease.
      Free fatty acids were found in all liver biopsies. Patients with morbid obesity
      or alcoholic liver disease had significantly higher fatty acid and triglyceride
      levels than did controls (p less than 0.01). Patients with alcoholic liver
      disease had significantly higher fatty acid levels than did patients with morbid
      obesity (p less than 0.05), while there was no difference in the triglyceride
      concentrations between these two groups. The distribution of the fatty acids in
      the free fatty acid fraction differed significantly from that in the triglyceride
      fraction indicating a preferential incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into
      triglycerides. This difference in the distribution pattern was lost in patients
      with the most severe forms of alcoholic liver disease. The data are consistent
      with the hypothesis that accumulation of free fatty acids in patients with
      alcoholic liver disease may be responsible for or contribute to the observed
      functional and morphological damages.

PMID- 6832714
TI  - The amount of ferritin and hemosiderin in the livers of patients with iron
      loading diseases.
AB  - Depot iron, ferritin iron, and ferritin protein were measured in 34 liver needle
      biopsy specimens obtained from patients with primary and secondary iron-loading
      diseases. The patients were classified as idiopathic hemochromatosis (14),
      porphyria cutanea tarda (4), and iron-loading anemias (16). With accumulation of
      depot iron, the amount of liver ferritin protein increased, however, the ratio of
      ferritin protein to depot iron fell at concentrations of depot iron in excess of
      1,000 micrograms per gm of liver. The liver ferritin protein concentration was
      not influenced by the specific kind of the iron storage disorder. The mean iron
      content of ferritin molecules increased about 50% in profound iron overload. In
      low grade iron overload, the bulk of depot iron was present as ferritin; however,
      in subjects with heavy iron overload, depot iron consisted of approximately equal
      amounts of hemosiderin (nonferritin iron) and ferritin iron.

PMID- 6832715
TI  - Galactosamine hepatitis, endotoxemia, and lactulose.
AB  - Studies by Liehr et al. suggest that endotoxins are important in the pathogenesis
      of galactosamine hepatitis (Gal-N hepatitis) in rats. Lactulose (9.1 gm per kg
      per day) prevents hepatic lesions induced by Gal-N; an antiendotoxin effect of
      lactulose is postulated. However, commercial preparations of lactulose are
      contaminated with galactose, which shows a competitive action to Gal-N. To
      analyze the effect of galactose, male Wistar rats were pretreated with lactulose
      (Duphalac, 9.1 gm per kg per day) and given Gal-N (375 mg per kg i.p.). After 24
      hr, serum was analyzed for glutamic pyruvate transaminase, glutamate
      dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities. Pretreatment with Duphalac,
      even 1 hr before Gal-N, abolished toxicity. Duphalac contains 10 gm galactose per
      100 ml. Galactose was given in a similar concentration and similar inhibition
      occurred. Pretreatment with purified lactulose (9.1 gm per kg for 5 days)
      diminished the effects of Gal-N but did not normalize enzyme concentrations.
      Because small doses of galactose (80 and 300 mg per kg) showed similar inhibitory
      effects, we conclude that the protective effect of commercial lactulose
      preparations is mainly due to galactose contamination and not to an antiendotoxin
      effect.

PMID- 6832716
TI  - Changes in IgA following varying degrees of biliary obstruction in the rat.
AB  - Polymeric IgA is rapidly transported from blood to bile by the rat liver. The
      effect of varying degrees of biliary obstruction on this transport process was
      studied. IgA concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum IgA
      concentrations increased progressively, and IgA output in bile declined with
      increasing bile duct obstruction. The decline in bile IgA output was explained by
      both diminished bile flow and decreased concentrations of IgA in bile. Very
      little polymeric IgA was present in normal rat serum. In contrast, using column
      chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 22, increases in serum IgA associated with
      cholestasis were shown to be due to increments in polymeric IgA. Serum IgA was a
      more sensitive indicator of cholestasis than was serum alkaline phosphatase. IgA
      and secretory component were found, using indirect immunofluorescence,
      surrounding bile canaliculi and on or adjacent to the hepatocyte plasma membrane
      lining the sinusoids. With biliary obstruction, staining for IgA and secretory
      component intensified markedly near the bile canaliculi. We conclude that: (a)
      polymeric IgA must be efficiently removed from serum by the normal rat liver; (b)
      even minimal cholestasis impairs IgA output into bile, and (c) impairment of IgA
      transport during cholestasis appears to occur at or near the canalicular
      membrane.

PMID- 6832717
TI  - Hepatic and ductus venosus blood flows during fetal life.
AB  - The course of the venous circulation in the fetal liver has been studied in fetal
      lambs by means of the radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique. About 50% of
      umbilical venous blood passes through the ductus venosus, while the remainder is
      distributed to both lobes of the liver. Portal venous blood is largely
      distributed to the right lobe of the liver, with a small proportion passing
      through the ductus venosus and none to the left lobe. Because of these flow
      patterns, oxygen saturation is lower in the right than in the left hepatic vein.
      Left hepatic venous blood joins the ductus venosus stream and these
      preferentially pass through the foramen ovale, whereas right hepatic venous blood
      joins the distal inferior vena caval stream and preferentially passes through the
      tricuspid valve. These patterns favor distribution of well-oxygenated blood to
      the fetal heart and brain. Hypoxia and reduced umbilical venous return are
      associated with reduced flow through the hepatic microcirculation with
      proportionately greater ductus venosus flow. In the fetus, the liver has a major
      role in influencing venous return to the heart and in regulating distribution of
      oxygen and energy substrate supply to different fetal organs.

PMID- 6832718
TI  - Branched-chain amino acids as nutritional therapy in liver disease: dearth or
      surfeit?

PMID- 6832719
TI  - The diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in alcoholic cirrhosis.

PMID- 6832721
TI  - State mandates for mental health insurance: what is their cost?

PMID- 6832722
TI  - Paternalism and the role of the mental health lawyer.

PMID- 6832723
TI  - Psychiatric services in rural areas: a sociological overview.
AB  - This sociological review of the literature analyzes the delivery of psychiatric
      services in rural America. Nonsocial, demographic, socioeconomic, interpersonal,
      and ideological influences are considered. Factors encouraging change in the
      psychiatric service system (for example, shifting demographic realities, new
      environmental stimuli, and progressive attitudes toward social reform) contrast
      with, and vie against, factors favoring the status quo (for example, conservative
      attitudes, resistances to change, and limited resources). It is against this
      backdrop of instability that psychiatric service needs develop and are
      acknowledged--or effectively ignored--by the psychiatric service system in rural
      communities.

PMID- 6832720
TI  - Mental health services in rural America.

PMID- 6832724
TI  - The psychiatrist in a rural CMHC.
AB  - Mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, working in rural areas face
      handicaps like distance, deficient support services, professional isolation, and
      lack of continuing education opportunities. Hence many rural community mental
      health centers, like some urban ones, have trouble attracting psychiatrists. In
      1977 a rural CMHC in Arizona hired a part-time psychiatrist who visits the county
      six days a month to work with local therapists and nurses in the care of
      patients. The psychiatrist, affiliated with a university medical school, is also
      on call by telephone 24 hours a day. Thus some assessment and prescribing must be
      done over the telephone. The author describes the program and explains how the
      psychiatrist works to link various elements of the CMHC programs, and to link the
      CMHC with the community and with the medical school.

PMID- 6832725
TI  - Rural attitudes toward and knowledge of mental illness and treatment resources.
AB  - The stigma associated with mental illness is purported to be a major factor in
      the resistance of rural residents to mental health services. Through mail
      questionnaires and personal interviews, the authors gathered data from 3,057
      rural residents in six Midwestern states on their attitudes toward and knowledge
      of mental illness and mental health services. They also examined the
      relationships between the demographic characteristics of the respondents and
      their knowledge and attitudes. In contrast to the findings of several other
      studies, the rural respondents in this study reported positive attitudes about
      treatment of mental illness. They expressed a high level of awareness of a
      variety of mental health services and appeared satisfied with those services. The
      authors discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies between the findings of
      this study and the studies reporting negative attitudes.

PMID- 6832726
TI  - A network approach to rural psychiatric emergency training.
AB  - The relative lack of objective data delineating rural needs has limited the
      development of creative training programs. The authors describe the process of
      developing a network approach to teaching psychiatric emergency skills. Using
      information collected from questionnaires, they defined the attributes of the
      rural setting, the emergency services, the staff, and the patients, and then
      tailored a program to meet these needs. The questionnaire results suggested that
      the extensive informal network of crisis care providers gives rural emergency
      services their unique character. The authors conclude that a successful training
      workshop should gather together members of both informal and formal networks to
      address group process and teaming issues. The faculty, consisting of urban and
      rural staff, must also overcome regional differences to build an effective
      working alliance.

PMID- 6832727
TI  - The treatment of antisocial and borderline personality disorders.
AB  - Because of continuing diagnostic confusion, little empirical evidence exists to
      guide the clinician in treating patients with antisocial and borderline
      personalities. However, there is an extensive clinical literature based on the
      experience of many workers in the field, and it is possible to outline broad
      areas of agreement and major controversies. The resistance of the patient and the
      intense countertransference be typically evokes make treatment difficult no
      matter what the approach. Most authors agree that treatment of the antisocial
      personality must begin in a residential setting with an active milieu if it is to
      have any chance of success. Severe borderlines may also require a great deal of
      structure to supplement psychotherapy; with them, however, the therapist can feel
      more optimistic about an approach stressing the clarification of maladaptive
      defenses and the interpretation of negative transference.

PMID- 6832728
TI  - Emergency involuntary commitment: a look at the decision-making process.
AB  - Emergency involuntary commitment is provided in a majority of states to allow for
      rapid response to patients who are acutely violent and must be hospitalized
      quickly. The authors investigated the use of emergency hospitalization in North
      Carolina and found that the majority of petitions executed by law-enforcement
      officers did not provide adequate evidence for the required criteria. In fact, in
      many cases the authors noted a marked absence of such criteria. The authors
      discuss these results and possible reasons for the misuse of the emergency
      commitment provisions. They stress the importance of cooperation between
      community mental health professionals and law-enforcement officials in the
      evaluation of disruptive individuals who may be mentally disordered.

PMID- 6832729
TI  - Family involvement in psychiatric emergencies.

PMID- 6832732
TI  - The unique contributions of psychiatrists to leadership roles.

PMID- 6832733
TI  - 'First' vet program claim is challenged.

PMID- 6832731
TI  - An unusual death of a patient in seclusion.

PMID- 6832730
TI  - Homogeneous group therapy for acutely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients.

PMID- 6832734
TI  - Another view of the therapeutic community.

PMID- 6832736
TI  - Sports medicine center design roots on impaired athletes.

PMID- 6832735
TI  - Nonunion staff has right to representation.

PMID- 6832739
TI  - Targeting fraud/abuse. Hospitals must ensure physician arrangements are above
      suspicion.

PMID- 6832737
TI  - Emerging malpractice trends. Expansion of hospital liability continues.

PMID- 6832738
TI  - Dial RM for investigation. Risk managers take on the police work when claims
      arise.

PMID- 6832740
TI  - Surviving regulation. Regulation forces administrators to be better managers.

PMID- 6832741
TI  - Impact of the elderly. The unique elderly market requires flexible health care
      services.

PMID- 6832742
TI  - Out in the open. Net income must enter the public arena.

PMID- 6832746
TI  - Blood groups act to cut AIDS transmission risk.

PMID- 6832745
TI  - Inpatient program helps deaf substance abusers.

PMID- 6832743
TI  - Is a patient's addiction his physician's liability?

PMID- 6832744
TI  - Hatching test tube baby clinic no easy task.

PMID- 6832747
TI  - Pharmacy's audits cut billing errors, overlooked charges.

PMID- 6832748
TI  - Vendors voice visions. An administrator's best friend may become his computer.

PMID- 6832749
TI  - Barrett's metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal
      junction.
AB  - Most previous studies of Barrett's metaplasia have used biopsy material to
      document cell, gland, and architectural types, leading to inaccurate or
      incomplete conclusions. The present study presents data from eight
      esophagogastrectomy specimens of Barrett's metaplasia with associated neoplasia,
      which were evaluated topologically by use of dissecting microscopy, specimen
      radiography, scanning electron microscopy, and routine histologic examination.
      Barrett's metaplasia was found to be mosaic of cell, gland, and architectural
      types, showing variable degrees of atrophy and maturation toward intestinal and
      gastric epithelium. Zonation was not found. Surface mucous, goblet, absorptive,
      mucous neck, mucous gland, and neuroendocrine cells were found in all cases;
      Paneth, chief, and parietal cells were found in approximately half. The presence
      of villar architecture with lining goblet and absorptive cells is unique and can
      be used to make a biopsy diagnosis. In one case, only a minute residual focus of
      Barrett's metaplasia was found, suggesting that the pathogenesis of some cases of
      adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus and gastric cardia unassociated with
      Barrett's metaplasia may be the same. Nine cases of adenocarcinoma of the
      gastroesophageal junction unassociated with Barrett's metaplasia, studied during
      the same time period, had similar epidemiologic characteristics including mean
      age, age range, and sex distribution. Multifocal dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
      were found in all but one case. In two of eight cases adenomatous change was
      present; one of these resembled a villous adenoma of the colon with malignant
      degeneration. Barrett's metaplasia thus appears to be important as a precursor of
      adenocarcinoma in the region of the lower esophagus and gastroesophageal
      junction. The significance of these findings in relation to previous reports is
      discussed.

PMID- 6832750
TI  - Medical care and the postsophomore fellowship year.

PMID- 6832751
TI  - Thyroglobulin in carcinoma of the thyroid: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - To determine the value of thyroglobulin as an immunohistochemical marker for
      thyroid neoplasms, we studied 42 primary thyroid carcinomas, 38 metastatic
      carcinomas, and four sarcomas involving the thyroid gland. All follicular and
      papillary carcinomas, regardless of their morphologic variation, stained
      positively for thyroglobulin, whereas the medullary carcinomas, metastatic
      tumors, and sarcomas showed negative staining reactions. The only small-cell
      variant of follicular carcinoma and ten of 14 spindle and giant cell carcinomas
      showed the lowest thyroglobulin reactivity. It is concluded that
      immunohistochemical demonstration of thyroglobulin is a sensitive and specific
      method of identifying thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell origin.

PMID- 6832752
TI  - Cytodynamics of endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia, Part II: in vitro DNA
      histoautoradiography.
AB  - The cytokinetics of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human endometrium were
      evaluated by in-vitro double labeling with low- and high-dose radiothymidine.
      Relative to cyclic, proliferative endometrium, the mean S-phase duration was
      shorter in anovulatory, persistent proliferative endometrium, cystic glandular
      hyperplasia, and adenomatous hyperplasia without atypia, similar in adenomatous
      hyperplasia with severe atypia (AAH), and significantly prolonged in carcinoma in
      situ and invasive carcinoma. The S-phase patterns suggest a pathogenetic
      relationship between hyperplasias of increasing atypia as well as between
      hyperplasia and carcinoma, with carcinoma in situ as a transitional state between
      AAH and invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 6832753
TI  - Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with pulmonary metastases.
AB  - This case report describes an occult papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid with
      pulmonary metastases, discovered at autopsy. Since papillary adenocarcinoma of
      the thyroid usually invades adjacent structures and cervical lymph nodes in a
      predictable fashion, the finding of distant hematogenous spread, when the tumor
      is confined to the thyroid gland, is unusual, as is illustrated by a review of
      the literature. The patient's history included a poorly differentiated squamous
      cell carcinoma of the lung, which had been resected 15 years prior to death and
      had been followed by super-voltage radiation. The possible effects of super
      voltage radiation on the pathogenesis and behavior of thyroid cancer are
      discussed.

PMID- 6832754
TI  - Clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland.
AB  - A rare case of primary clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is described,
      and the literature is reviewed. All primary clear cell tumors of the salivary
      glands are at least low-grade carcinomas. Morphologically, these tumors can be
      divided into two variants: bimorphic and monomorphic clear cell carcinomas. The
      bimorphic variant, of which the present case is an example, is morphologically
      unique and is composed of tubules lined by an inner layer of eosinophilic cells
      and an outer layer of clear cells. The monomorphic variant is composed of solid
      nests and cords of clear cells. The clear cells in both variants are nonmucinous
      and may or may not contain abundant glycogen. The clear cells in one bimorphic
      tumor showed features of myoepithelial differentiation ultrastructurally, but no
      such features were found in several cases of monomorphic tumor similarly studied.
      However, a close histogenetic relationship between these two tumor types is
      suggested by the occurrence of tumors that contained elements of both.

PMID- 6832755
TI  - The immediate autopsy consultation report: use of the scrimp technique and
      stereopathy.

PMID- 6832756
TI  - The inadequacy of autopsy examinations.

PMID- 6832758
TI  - Analysis of the performance of pathologists in the grading of bladder tumors.
AB  - Fifty-seven transurethrally resected bladder tumors were analyzed to determine
      whether different pathologists, using the World Health Organization grading
      system, graded the same bladder tumor differently (interindividual consistency)
      and whether the same pathologist graded a bladder tumor differently at different
      times (intraindividual consistency). Disturbingly high inter- and intraindividual
      inconsistency in the grading of bladder tumors was found. All pathologists showed
      essentially the same degree of intraindividual inconsistency: In almost 50 per
      cent of cases the tumor was graded differently at different times by the same
      pathologist. The inconsistencies might invalidate the usefulness of bladder tumor
      grading in clinical decision-making.

PMID- 6832757
TI  - The extramural laboratory: a new source of hospital revenues.

PMID- 6832759
TI  - Morphometric grading of bladder tumors in comparison with histologic grading by
      pathologists.
AB  - The authors describe the results of the grading of bladder tumors using
      morphometry and then compare these with results of histologic grading of the same
      tumors by different pathologists. Nuclear sizes of cells obtained from
      superficial and deep cell layers of each carcinoma and from giant cells were
      measured in 27 cases in which histologic tumor grading by different pathologists
      was unequivocal. In cells from all three areas, nuclear area increased with
      higher tumor grade. However, tumors of grades I and II showed significant
      differences in the size only of the large cells. It is concluded that morphometry
      is a valuable tool in the objective grading of bladder tumors, with the exception
      of carcinoma in situ lining the bladder lumen.

PMID- 6832760
TI  - Electron microscopic study of testicular tumor in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of bilateral testicular biopsy materials, obtained from
      both tumor and nontumor areas of the testis of a 27-year-old man with congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia, revealed a number of pathologic changes. Germ cell
      hypoplasia and extratubular cellular hyperplasia were noticed in the nontumor
      portion of the testis. In some areas of the tumor, dense collagenous materials
      surrounded the compressed degenerative seminiferous tubule. In other areas at
      least three different types of cells were identified: 1) branched, irregular
      giant cells, 2) small cells in clusters, and 3) modified myoid or smooth muscle
      cells. It is suggested that these three types of cells have different origins.
      The concept that these types of tumor cells originate from "pluripotential cells"
      is supported.

PMID- 6832763
TI  - Primary aspergillosis of the larynx simulating carcinoma.
AB  - A case of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the larynx secondary to fungal
      infection is presented. The laryngeal lesion resembled carcinoma both clinically
      and pathologically. Aspergillus species were identified in tissue sections and
      confirmed by immunofluorescence studies. The lesion responded well to antifungal
      therapy. This case is reported because of the extreme rarity of primary
      aspergillosis of the larynx, its occurrence in an otherwise healthy patient, and
      its marked resemblance both clinically and pathologically to laryngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 6832762
TI  - Ultrastructure of mast cells in growing and involuting stages of hemangiomas.
AB  - Mast cells from 11 patients with growing strawberry (capillary) hemangiomas and
      cellular hemangiomas and from ten patients with involuting stages of strawberry
      hemangiomas were investigated electron microscopically. Two types of mast cells
      were evident: numerous elongated, fibroblastic cells and a few round, classic
      cells. The mast cells in growing hemangiomas contained many small, simple-type
      granules in various stages of development. It is possible that, owing to the
      immaturity of these granules, mast cells have different, probably weaker,
      functional activities. Mast cells in involuting stages of hemangiomas were filled
      primarily with compound-type granules, showing typical parallel, concentric
      lamellae or crystalloid structures, which were similar to the mature mast cells
      in normal skin.

PMID- 6832765
TI  - Histopathology of corneal leukoma and fibroma in the ACL syndrome.
AB  - Corneal tissues of four persons and a buccal fibroma from one of these persons
      with ACL syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder, were evaluated clinically and
      microscopically. The corneal lesions appeared as a gray epithelial infiltrate
      over the cornea, destroying Bowman's membrane. Light and electron microscopic
      images of both types of lesions showed abnormal accumulation of granular
      mucopolysaccharide material and extensive aberrant orientation of collagen
      fibers. The authors postulate that the mucopolysaccharide accumulation is
      involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.

PMID- 6832766
TI  - Chemical and biological warfare agents in Southeast Asia.

PMID- 6832764
TI  - Pulmonary blastomycosis: filamentous forms in an immunocompromised patient with
      fulminating respiratory failure.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman with Sjogren's syndrome manifested acute fulminating
      respiratory failure and was treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Autopsy
      revealed overwhelming pulmonary infection by Blastomyces dermatitidis with no
      evidence of extrapulmonary dissemination. Hyphal forms, usually not observed in
      vivo, were noted in premortem sputum samples as well as in sections of lung
      obtained at autopsy. It is proposed that the immunocompromised state of the
      patient played a pathogenetic role in the fulminating clinical course as well as
      in the production of filamentous forms of B. dermatitidis.

PMID- 6832761
TI  - Hypercalcemia associated with renal cell carcinoma: probable role of neoplastic
      stromal cells.
AB  - Sarcomatous proliferation of the fibroblast-like stromal cells in renal cell
      carcinoma was found in three patients who had apparently tumor-associated
      hypercalcemia but no evidence of bone metastases. The proliferation of stromal
      cells was not found in 20 patients who also had renal cell carcinoma without
      hypercalcemia. Immunoreactive parathormone-like substance was detected in two of
      the three patients with hypercalcemia, despite high levels of serum calcium. The
      parathormone assay was not conducted on the third hypercalcemic patient, however.
      Buffer extract from one of the tumors associated with hypercalcemia was able to
      elicit an increase of the serum calcium in rats, whereas buffer extract from a
      tumor not associated with hypercalcemia failed to induce hypercalcemia in rats.
      Findings suggest that the stromal cells of renal cell carcinoma may play a role
      in the tumor-associated hypercalcemia. The exact nature of the hypercalcemic
      agent is uncertain. However, in the case studied it appears that a parathormone
      like substance was responsible.

PMID- 6832767
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma and systemic amyloidosis: demonstration of AA protein and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A case of renal cell carcinoma associated with systemic amyloidosis in a patient
      with nephrotic syndrome is presented. Amyloid deposits were present in the
      resected tumor, ipsilateral kidney, and spleen. Potassium permanganate treatment
      of histologic sections as well as immunoperoxidase staining identified AA protein
      within the amyloid. Surgical removal of the tumor caused marked remission of the
      patient's proteinuria. Thirty-nine previously reported cases of renal cell
      carcinoma with amyloidosis are reviewed. Most tumors have clear cell histologic
      features, and the amyloid distribution follows the "secondary" pattern. A
      possible mechanism of amyloid production in renal cell carcinoma is presented in
      which the tumor directly or indirectly participates in the modification of SAA
      protein into a precipitable form.

PMID- 6832768
TI  - Preservation of red blood cells for transfusion.
AB  - Development of red blood cell preservative solutions began in the early 1900s.
      During the 1930s, definition of the glycolytic pathway of red blood cell
      metabolism provided a rational basis for these studies and contributed to the
      establishment of standard criteria for satisfactory red blood cell preservation.
      Recently, the use of adenine in the preservative solution has allowed a 14-day
      increase in red blood cell storage time. Additional approaches to red blood cell
      preservation are the use of optional additive solutions and rejuvenation. One
      major controversial issue is the clinical significance of transfusion of stored
      red blood cells that are depleted of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and have a high
      oxygen affinity.

PMID- 6832771
TI  - Therapeutic apheresis.
AB  - Therapeutic applications using semiautomated blood cell separators have improved
      the clinical management of several disorders through cellular or plasma
      depletion, or by rapid erythrocyte or plasma replacement. Cytapheresis procedures
      may remove large numbers of platelets or leukocytes in proliferative disorders,
      or induce and maintain a lymphopenia in "autoimmune" diseases. Rapid reductions
      in circulating paraproteins, autoantibodies, and immune complexes can be achieved
      to augment longer-term cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy. Therapeutic
      apheresis is adjunctive or palliative, not curative, and is usually short-term
      rather than chronic. Familiarity with the evolving indications for intervention
      with apheresis is essential for maximal benefit and minimal risk to the patients
      recommended for therapy.

PMID- 6832770
TI  - Granulocyte antigen systems and antibodies and their clinical significance.
AB  - Granulocyte alloantibodies and autoantibodies have a key role in the
      pathophysiology of several clinical problems. These include febrile transfusion
      reactions, severe pulmonary reactions to transfusion, isoimmune neonatal
      neutropenia, failure of effective granulocyte transfusion, autoimmune
      neutropenia, drug-induced neutropenia, and neutropenias secondary to many other
      diseases. Although many techniques are available for detecting granulocyte
      antibodies, the optimal in-vitro tests for predicting the antibodies' clinical
      effects are not established. Use of indium-111-labeled granulocytes may provide
      valuable information regarding the in-vivo effects of different granulocyte
      antibodies. Granulocyte transfusions continue to be used for a limited number of
      severely infected neutropenic patients who do not respond to antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6832769
TI  - Red blood cell substitutes and artificial blood.
AB  - Artificial substitutes for specific functional portions of blood are being
      developed. Perfluorocarbons have received the most publicity in recent years, and
      one, Fluosol-DA, is undergoing clinical trials in the United States. The
      perfluorocarbon emulsions physically dissolve oxygen, which distinguishes them
      from the chemical binding that occurs in hemoglobin. Fluosol-DA has been shown to
      transport oxygen in amounts that are probably clinically useful if the patient
      inspires an atmosphere with increased oxygen. A large clinical trial from Japan
      suggests that Fluosol-DA is safe to transfuse, although recent work suggests that
      Fluosol-DA may produce significant pulmonary reactions that can be prevented by
      steroid administration. These reactions are probably caused by complement
      activation by an emulsifying agent in Fluosol-DA. Recent applications of Fluosol
      DA include use in a resuscitative fluid, use in occlusive vascular disease, an
      special applications, such as treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, which take
      advantage of the solubility properties of perfluorocarbons.

PMID- 6832772
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Nowhere in the management of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemias is the
      communication between clinician and laboratory personnel more important than in
      regard to blood transfusion. A clinical decision that blood transfusion is
      necessary must be tempered by the knowledge that transfusion has a greater-than
      usual risk in this setting, both because the autoantibody may cause a shortened
      red cell life-span of transfused red cells and because the autoantibody makes
      detection of red cell alloantibodies in the patient's serum more difficult.
      Nevertheless, when transfusion is indicated because of anemia of life-threatening
      severity, blood must be provided even when there is an incompatible crossmatch
      caused by the autoantibody. Improved methods for the typing of antibody-coated
      red blood cells have been described, and several eminently practical serologic
      techniques are now available for detection of alloantibodies even when the
      patient's autoantibody reacts with all donor cells. These methods include the
      warm autoabsorption and the differential absorption tests as well as tests for
      autoantibody specificity. Thus, it is no longer justifiable to omit a search for
      allo-antibodies in the serum of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia prior
      to blood transfusion, and the use of "least incompatible" units without more
      detailed compatibility testing should be considered obsolete.

PMID- 6832773
TI  - Management of transfusion in the massively bleeding patient.
AB  - Adequate and safe transfusion support of massively bleeding patients requires a
      thorough understanding of the complications of hemorrhagic shock, a well
      developed system of identifying patients and blood samples, and a clearly
      delineated communication system between clinicians and blood bank. The support
      plan must also be designed to minimize the predictable complications by active
      intervention with blood and component therapy.

PMID- 6832774
TI  - Transfusion of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Although certain hematologic changes that occur as a consequence of
      cardiopulmonary bypass are unique, their influence on the transfusion
      requirements of open-heart surgical patients is not different from that on other
      bleeding patients. While knowledge of the peculiarities of open-heart surgery is
      important for the blood bank medical director, this clinical situation can be
      managed using the basic principles of component therapy as they apply to other
      clinical situations.

PMID- 6832777
TI  - No place for slang.

PMID- 6832776
TI  - Melanocyte colonization of nodal metastasis from oral carcinoma.
AB  - Melanocyte colonization of metastases in cervical lymph nodes is described. The
      tumor was a squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, metastasizing to
      cervical lymph nodes. The melanocytes were easily visible on sections of the
      nodes stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were confirmed by Masson-Fontana
      staining. Multiple sections through the oral primary tumor failed to show
      melanocyte colonization of the tumor. This is the second report of this
      phenomenon and represents only the third known case of this entity.

PMID- 6832775
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast: interrelationships among histopathologic features,
      estrogen receptor activity, and age of the patient.
AB  - Of 398 cases of breast cancer, 350 included data for all of the following:
      patient age, tumor size, histologic type, presence or absence of lymph node
      metastasis, nuclear grade of the cancer cells, extent of lymphocytic infiltration
      around these cells, and estrogen receptor status of the neoplastic tissue. This
      series is representative of and comparable with those reported in other studies
      of breast carcinoma. Initial evaluation suggested a relationship of cytologic
      differentiation and lymphocytic infiltration to estrogen receptor activity. More
      extensive statistical analyses, however, demonstrated that three factor
      interrelationships best explain the data concerning nuclear grade, lymphocytic
      infiltration, and estrogen receptor activity of the tumors in this study. Thus,
      the results of this investigation serve to warn against inferential judgments
      based on limited data or restricted evaluation. In addition, the analyses call
      attention to a significant association between age and lymphocytic infiltration
      around the tumor cells.

PMID- 6832779
TI  - Chromosome abnormality in couples with histories of multiple abortions. The
      outcome of pregnancies subsequent to ascertainment and a study of familial
      translocation carriers.
AB  - A series of couples with histories of recurrent abortions and in whom one partner
      had been shown to have a major chromosomal anomaly were investigated with respect
      to the karyotypes of conceptions subsequent to ascertainment. The reproductive
      histories of translocation carriers amongst relatives were also studied. Results
      were compatible with previous reports of the behaviour of translocation
      chromosomes at meiosis with an additional previously undescribed outcome as a
      result of a maternal 13/14 Robertsonian translocation.

PMID- 6832778
TI  - Chromosomal findings in 164 couples with repeated spontaneous abortions: with
      special consideration to prior reproductive history.
AB  - The cytogenetic evaluation of 164 couples who experienced repeated spontaneous
      abortions revealed 11 chromosomal abnormalities (10 translocations and 1 sex
      chromosome mosaic, 6.70%). An apparent positive relationship between the
      frequency of chromosome anomalies and the number of spontaneous abortions was
      observed. Couples with at least one normal liveborn child, in addition to the
      spontaneous abortions, had a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities
      (17.85%) when compared with those with no liveborn offspring (4.41%) (P less than
      0.005). Similarly, couples whose fetal wastage consisted of only first trimester
      spontaneous abortions had a greater increase in the frequency of chromosomal
      abnormalities (8.03% vs 0.00%).

PMID- 6832781
TI  - G-bands without pretreatment of slides, in chemically defined conditions.
AB  - We investigated the capability of Giemsa dyes to produce G-bands without
      pretreatment of slides in chemically defined conditions. G-banding was produced
      between pH 7.0 and pH 11.0. Within this range, we observed that the achievement
      of G-bands was dependent on the ionic strength and time of staining. From these
      data and from those of other authors on other chemical variables and on the
      mechanisms of staining, we propose a working hypothesis of G-band formation, with
      a step involving shrinkage of the chromatids and rearrangement of the chromosome
      fiber during the staining process.

PMID- 6832780
TI  - Interactions between C-bands of chromosomes 1 and 9 in recurrent reproductive
      loss.
AB  - The size of the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1 and 16 was measured in a
      Test group of women with histories of recurrent spontaneous abortion and a
      Control group of fertile women. Measurements were made on Giemsa banded
      preparations and the euchromatic regions of 1q and 16q were used to correct for
      between-cell contraction. For each chromosome pair, the larger and smaller
      chromosome was identified and populations of each were compared between the two
      subject groups. For chromosome 1, the smaller chromosome of the Test group was
      significantly smaller than that of the Control group (P less than 0.001) and the
      size of the pair difference was larger in the Test than in the Control group (P
      less than 0.01). For chromosome 16, the smaller chromosome of the Test group was
      smaller than that of the Control group (5% level). The interaction of chromosome
      1 and chromosome 9 heterochromatin in each individual has been analyzed. The
      combined score for the smaller chromosome 1 and the larger chromosome 9 shows a
      bimodal distribution and allows discrimination between the two subject groups.
      Various possible ways in which this interaction might affect reproductive outcome
      are discussed.

PMID- 6832782
TI  - Cytogenetic recombinants from a female carrying a paracentric inversion of the
      short arm of chromosome number 5.
AB  - We present a family, identified through a girl with "Cri-du-chat syndrome", in
      which two different types of recombinants exist [del(5)(qter leads to p14:) and
      dup(5)(p13)]. They are due to a 5p paracentric inversion of maternal origin
      [inv(5)(pter p13)]. We discuss the relationship between the breakpoints and
      segregation of the inversion carrier, as well as the origin and the
      identification of the recombinants.

PMID- 6832784
TI  - Whole-arm translocation between homologous chromosomes 7 in a woman with
      successive spontaneous abortions.
AB  - Whole-arm translocation between homologous chromosomes 7 in a woman with four
      successive spontaneous abortions is reported. All of the metaphases in cultured
      lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, and decidual cells from the latest abortion
      specimen revealed the translocation. It was deduced that the translocation
      occurred during the period between the second meiotic division and the first
      mitotic division.

PMID- 6832783
TI  - Duplication of the segment q12.2 leads to qter of chromosome 22 due to paternal
      inversion 22(p13q12.2).
AB  - A 1730-g male infant, born at 37 weeks gestation, had multiple congenital
      anomalies, consisting of microcephaly, hypertelorism, bilateral cleft lip and
      palate, micrognathia, low-set ears, and cryptorchidism. Chromosome analysis
      showed a recombinant 22 derived from the paternal inversion (22)(p13q12.2). The
      proband's karyotype is 46,XY,rec(22),dup q,inv(22)(p13q12.2)pat, which has a
      duplication of q12.2 leads to qter. An identical recombinant has been reported in
      a female infant in Mexico whose mother was a carrier of the inversion. Similar
      congenital anomalies present in these two patients demonstrate the phenotype of
      duplication of the distal long arm 22. This report also documents the occurrence
      of an identical inversion in two apparently unrelated Mexican families.

PMID- 6832787
TI  - Pole-zero modeling and classification of phonocardiograms.

PMID- 6832786
TI  - Voltage clamp processor system.

PMID- 6832789
TI  - The solid angle of a plane triangle.

PMID- 6832785
TI  - Retinoblastoma and ABO blood groups.

PMID- 6832788
TI  - Current pathways in high-voltage injuries.

PMID- 6832790
TI  - A simple computerized neuroanatomical data collection system.

PMID- 6832791
TI  - Equivalent electrical representation of the sweat layer and gain compensation of
      the EMG amplifier.

PMID- 6832793
TI  - Coronary artery disease--correlates between diastolic auditory characteristics
      and coronary artery stenoses.

PMID- 6832794
TI  - The action potential clamp as a test of space-clamp effectiveness--the Lettvin
      analog axon.

PMID- 6832792
TI  - An ultrafiltration monitor for hemodialysis research.

PMID- 6832795
TI  - Dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of fluid saturated bone.

PMID- 6832797
TI  - HLA and disease susceptibility.

PMID- 6832796
TI  - A microcomputer-based heart-rate variability monitor.

PMID- 6832798
TI  - Disease associations with complotypes, supratypes and haplotypes.
AB  - We have used the term supratype to describe combinations of alleles and have
      examined associations with disease. In RA and insulin-dependent diabetes one or
      more supratypes appear to be important but their functional significance remains
      obscure. In MG and SLE the HLA supratype may contain loci involved in
      immunoregulation, complement synthesis and hormone metabolism. MG induced by D
      Pen is associated with Bw35/DR1 rather than A1, B8, DR3. In contrast there is no
      evidence of a supratype in AS. We have proposed a model for the pathogenesis of
      sacroiliitis and AS and have postulated two non-linked genes which act stepwise
      upon HLA-B27. There are cogent reasons for examining the functional effects of
      known loci within the MHC and particularly those involved in the expression of
      complement components.

PMID- 6832800
TI  - Submersion culture of the intact fetal lung.
AB  - Intact whole lungs from 14 d rat fetuses were explanted to organ culture and
      maintained fully submerged in medium or positioned at the gas-fluid interface.
      Striking differences were observed in the morphological development of submersion
      cultured and interface cultured explants after 7 d in vitro. Submersion cultured
      lung developed as an expanded hollow organ, whereas the tissue of interface
      cultures was glandular in appearance and attenuated against the culture
      substrate. This difference in the development of the cultured lung may be
      attributed to the influence of surface tension forces at the gas-fluid interface
      versus the fluid immersed environment. In submersion culture the fetal lung
      followed a unique pattern of morphogenetic development. Under these culture
      conditions the lung expanded in three dimensions and retained its discrete lobar
      structure. The primitive bronchial epithelial tree of the fetal lung at
      explantation exhibited substantial histoarchitectural changes in vitro.
      Progressive branching of the epithelium into the surrounding lung mesenchyme gave
      rise to a pulmonary parenchyma bearing characteristics of the presumptive
      alveolar region of the late gestation fetal lung. The epithelium consisted
      predominantly of large, glycogen rich cuboidal cells interspersed with numerous
      structurally differentiated type II cells, containing lamellar bodies. The
      pulmonary parenchyma of the submersion cultured explant occupied a narrow margin
      of the lung wall, surrounding a large central lumen. This unique form of the
      cultured lung made it possible to examine the pulmonary epithelium by scanning
      electron microscopy. Data from the present study suggest that submersion culture
      of the intact fetal lung may provide a useful model system for study of the
      maturation of epithelial cell surface features during pulmonary development.

PMID- 6832802
TI  - IgA antibodies in the bile of rats. III. The role of intrathoracic lymph nodes
      and the migration pattern of their blast cells.
AB  - Eight weeks after rats had had their mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) removed
      surgically, they were found to be still able to generate substantial titres of
      biliary IgA-antibodies after antigens were injected into their Peyer's patches.
      This suggested that systemically significant IgA production could be induced in
      extra-abdominal lymphoid tissue. It was found that the intrathoracic lymph nodes
      (ITLN) were an important source of IgA production. These nodes could be
      stimulated to produce biliary antibody by introducing antigen either into the
      peritoneal cavity or directly into the thorax. Cells forming IgA were identified
      in the ITLNs by haemolytic plaque assays and immunoperoxidase techniques. In
      spite of this, immunoblasts obtained from the ITLNs, and labelled with 125IUdR
      did not localize in the gut after i.v. injection to anywhere near the extent that
      immunoblasts from the MLN did. Instead they seemed to have a predilection for
      localizing in the lungs.

PMID- 6832799
TI  - HLA and diseases: involvement of more than one HLA-linked determinant of disease
      susceptibility.

PMID- 6832801
TI  - The expression of Fc receptors on guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages and
      neutrophils.
AB  - The equilibrium binding of soluble complexes of guinea-pig anti-dinitrophenyl
      IgG1 or IgG2 and dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNPBSA) to homologous
      peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils has been compared. The immunoglobulin
      receptors on these phagocytes were found to differ in two major respects.
      Macrophages express specific binding activity for both IgG1 and IgG2 complexes
      whereas neutrophils possess specificity only for the IgG2 subclass. Furthermore,
      the number of receptors for IgG2 on macrophages (0.8-1 x 10(6)) is fifty- to
      seventy-fold greater than the number on neutrophils (1.3-2.6 x 10(4)). The
      phagocytes also displayed differences in their avidity for soluble IgG2
      containing complexes which could either reflect the disparity in receptor
      densities on their membranes or indicate differences in the structure of their Fc
      receptors. Inhibition of complex binding by immunoglobulin fragments indicated
      that, at least, the macrophages and neutrophils recognize the same portion of the
      IgG2 molecule.

PMID- 6832803
TI  - Antibody response to dinitrophenyl hapten by foetal, neonatal and young pigs.
AB  - The immunological competence of foetal (85 days of gestation), neonatal and older
      pigs has been assessed by their ability to make heterogeneous IgG antibody to
      dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten. Antibody heterogeneity was resolved by isoelectric
      focusing (IEF) followed by overlay of labelled antigen. Choice of protein carrier
      (bovine serum albumin, keyhole limpet haemocyanin or ovalbumin) had little effect
      on anti-DNP responses. Pigs of all three ages were capable of producing
      isoelectrically heterogeneous antibody which did not become more diverse, either
      with repeated immunization or with increasing age. Foetal pigs did not all
      respond equally strongly as assessed by IEF, but those with clearly heterogeneous
      antibody showed IEF patterns similar to 'adult' type anti-DNP. This demonstrates
      that by 85 days of gestation the pig foetus is capable of a mature response to an
      antigen which is T-dependent in rodents.

PMID- 6832807
TI  - Differential susceptibility of chlamydiae to exogenous fibroblast interferon.
AB  - Mouse fibroblasts (L cells) were incubated for 5 h with 1,000 U of murine
      fibroblast interferon (MuIFN alpha+ beta) per ml and then were infected with
      either Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV 440), C. psittaci (6BC), or C. psittaci (Cal
      10). Intracellular development of C. trachomatis was reduced 90% in interferon
      treated cells 24 h after infection when compared with controls, whereas C.
      psittaci growth was not affected in interferon-treated cells.

PMID- 6832806
TI  - Molecular composition of complement-solubilized complexes and their fate in vivo.
AB  - Radiolabelled bovine serum albumin (BSA)-rabbit anti-BSA complexes formed at
      equivalence were solubilized by fresh human sera as a source of complement and
      analysed in 10-50% w/w sucrose density gradients. The solubilized complexes were
      heterogeneous, having sizes ranging from 9 to 25 S. The profiles of antigen and
      antibody in the complexes matched each other, indicating that solubilization is
      not due to dissociation of antigen-antibody bonds. The complexes could be
      precipitated from solution by specific antisera to C3 or C3c, but not to C1q, C4
      or rabbit Fc. Although insoluble precipitates could be solubilized via the
      alternative pathway alone, the process was more rapid when the classical pathway
      was also available. Unlike the complexes which had not been solubilized by
      complement, a small fraction of the latter could not be dissociated at low
      pH(2.8) or by cationic detergent, and appeared to be covalently held together.
      Large aggregates of heated IgG could also be solubilized. In this case the
      process depended largely or solely on the classical pathway. The fate of labelled
      solubilized complexes was studied after i.v. injection into C3H/He mice.
      Clearance from the blood was slower and uptake by liver and lung was diminished
      compared with insoluble complexes. Solubilized complexes were preferentially
      taken up and retained in germinal centres of the spleen. This may be important
      for the generation of B-memory cells.

PMID- 6832805
TI  - In vivo fate of 125I SS-B (La) injected into mice.
AB  - The fate of the radiolabelled soluble cellular antigen SS-B (La) was compared
      with that of other 125I-labelled proteins of known molecular weight (MW) and
      electrostatic charge, following i.v. injection into BALB/c mice. The plasma half
      life of 125I-SS-B was 3 min, while that of 125I-bovine serum albumin (similar MW
      and electrostatic charge) was 270 min. 125I-heat-aggregated IgG (MW greater than
      1 x 10(6)) and 125I-7S human IgG (MW 168,000) had plasma half-lives of 40 min and
      greater than 300 min, respectively. Liver and kidney showed preferential uptake
      of 125I-SS-B, followed by a rapid decrease in radioactivity. During this time low
      MW, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble, material appeared in urine. This suggests
      a specific uptake mechanism followed by a catabolic phase. These studies
      demonstrate that normal mice remove 125I-SS-B rapidly from the circulation and
      then degrade it. This rapid antigen elimination may protect against the induction
      of potentially harmful autoantibody responses.

PMID- 6832804
TI  - Lymphokine-like products of cultured tumour cells.
AB  - Supernatants from cultures of rat and guinea-pig tumour cells, guinea-pig
      fibroblasts and kidney cells, but not rat fibroblasts, inhibited the migration of
      peritoneal exudate macrophages in vitro. The inhibitory activity in tumour-cell
      supernatants differed from that of lymphokine in being heat stable (60 degrees, 3
      hr) and dialysable, not inhibited by fucose and, in the case of guinea-pig line 1
      tumour, not absorbed by an anti-lymphokine immunoabsorbent. Rat lymphokine and
      supernatants from four cultured rat tumours and, to a lesser extent, fibroblasts
      induced procoagulant activity in rat peritoneal exudate macrophages. The tumour
      procoagulant-inducing activity was heat stable and non-dialysable. Direct
      procoagulant activity was also found in rat lymphokine, fibroblast and tumour
      culture supernatants. This activity was partly or completely heat-labile but was
      non-dialysable.

PMID- 6832808
TI  - Ingestion of yeast forms of Sporothrix schenckii by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The ingestion by thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages of yeast
      forms of two strains of Sporothrix schenckii was studied. Yeast forms opsonized
      with concanavalin A (ConA) were extensively phagocytized, and the phagocytic
      indexes depended on the concentration of ConA and apparently on the number of
      lectin receptors at the yeast surface as well. Neuraminidase treatment of S.
      schenckii increased the ingestion of unopsonized yeasts 7.7-fold. The addition of
      monosaccharides and derivatives partially inhibited phagocytosis. Mannose,
      rhamnose, and galactose, which are major constituents of S. schenckii surface
      antigens, reduced the phagocytic indexes by 40 to 50%. Glucosamine, N
      acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid were equally effective as
      inhibitors of phagocytosis. A mixture of five neutral sugars and glucosamine
      inhibited phagocytosis by 73%. The inhibitory effect of simple sugars could be
      amplified by using neuraminidase-treated yeast cells. Pentoses and glucose were
      inactive or slightly inhibitory. A purified rhamnomannan inhibited phagocytosis
      of the homologous strain, whereas partially purified peptidopolysaccharides were
      toxic to peritoneal macrophages. A partially purified galactomannan from S.
      schenckii was inhibitory (62% inhibition), and a peptidopolysaccharide fraction
      in which the O-linked carbohydrate chains had been removed neither was toxic to
      macrophages nor inhibited phagocytosis. Pretreatment of macrophages with simple
      sugars under conditions inhibiting ingestion or binding of S. schenckii did not
      affect phagocytosis of latex particles or sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The
      presence of receptors at the peritoneal macrophages which bind S. schenckii cell
      surface components is suggested.

PMID- 6832809
TI  - Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies and recovery from challenge of Streptococcus
      mutans after oral administration of Streptococcus mutans vaccine in humans.
AB  - Heat-killed Streptococcus mutans was administered orally in two periods of 1 week
      to six subjects in an attempt to affect the salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA)
      response to this bacterium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to
      detect specific IgA antibody activity, and an immunofluorescent assay was used
      for measurement of total IgA in parotid saliva. The salivary IgA response to S.
      mutans was compared with that against a noncross-reacting antigen preparation
      from Escherichia coli and with antibody responses in five sham-immunized
      subjects. No change in salivary IgA response to S. mutans was observed after oral
      administration of this organism. Significantly less streptomycin-resistant S.
      mutans could be recovered from the six test subjects than from the five controls
      after the first of two challenges with streptomycin-resistant microorganisms. At
      the day of the first challenge, a significantly higher IgA antibody response to
      all tested antigens was observed in the test group than in the control group. The
      data show that this difference was not related to the oral administration of S.
      mutans but rather was an occasional finding. The coincidence of a rapid
      elimination of the challenge strain and a high IgA antibody response to S. mutans
      supports the concept that salivary IgA antibodies could have a biological
      significance in the human defense against cariogenic microorganisms.

PMID- 6832810
TI  - Immunoglobulin G subclass restriction of antibodies against hepatitis B surface
      antigen.
AB  - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen were found
      to be restricted to subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 in serum samples of 17 individuals.
      Quantitative determinations showed that in 10 samples the minor serum subclass
      IgG3 contained more antibodies than the predominant subclass IgG1. Ranges of
      concentrations were between 0.72 and 16.50 micrograms/ml for IgG3 antibodies and
      between 0.55 and 6.19 micrograms/ml for antibodies of subclass IgG1.

PMID- 6832811
TI  - Production, purification, and properties of a bacteriocin from Staphylococcus
      aureus isolated from saliva.
AB  - Staphylococci from samples of human saliva were isolated on staphylococcal
      selective agar plates. These strains were tested for the inhibition of the growth
      of Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P. The frequency of inhibitory strains among all
      of the staphylococcal isolates was 5.2%. Strain IYS2, which formed the biggest
      inhibitory zone against the growth of the indicator strain, was used as the
      producer of bacteriocin. IYS2 was identified to be S. aureus, based on its
      biological properties. The bacteriocin was purified by sequential procedures,
      including ammonium sulfate precipitation, fractionation with ethanol, ion
      exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Its molecular weight was determined
      to be 5,000. The isoelectric point was 10.0. In amino acid composition, lysine,
      histidine, aspartic acid, valine, and phenylalanine were predominant. The
      bacteriocin was heat stable but inactivated by proteases or peptidase. The
      bacteriocin had a bactericidal effect on susceptible cells. An analysis of the
      inhibitory spectrum among typical oral indigenous bacteria showed that
      Streptococcus salivarius, Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium parvulum, and
      Actinomyces israelii were susceptible to the bacteriocin. Streptococcus mutans,
      Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces
      naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacterionema matruchotii, and Bacteroides
      melaninogenicus were resistant. The majority of S. aureus tested were
      susceptible, and all Staphylococcus epidermidis strains tested were resistant.

PMID- 6832812
TI  - Humoral immune response in chinchillas to the capsular polysaccharides of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - Vaccines made from the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae have
      been shown to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease in certain populations
      and have recently been evaluated for their ability to elicit protection against
      experimental pneumococcal otitis media in a chinchilla model. In this study,
      chinchillas were vaccinated with a dodecavalent preparation of pneumococcal
      capsular polysaccharides (PCP) to obtain more information on the immunogenicity
      of these polysaccharide antigens. All 12 PCP types elicited an antibody response,
      but the optimum PCP dose and the kinetics of the antibody response varied among
      types. Immunological paralysis was demonstrated with an immunogenic dose of PCP
      after primary immunization with a large PCP dose (25 micrograms or more).
      Pertussis vaccine acted as neither an immunoadjuvant nor an immunosuppressant in
      the serum antibody response to type 7F PCP in chinchillas.

PMID- 6832814
TI  - Reactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection in mice by cortisone.
AB  - To study the latency, chronicity, and recurrent nature of chlamydial infection,
      we attempted to reactivate Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection in mice by
      immunosuppressive therapy with cortisone. Mice were treated with subcutaneous
      injections of cortisone acetate (125 mg/kg) every other day, starting on day 14
      after intranasal inoculation of C. trachomatis serotype B (TW-5). C. trachomatis
      was recovered from the lungs beginning day 6 after the start of cortisone
      treatment until the end of the observation period on day 12 of treatment.
      Overall, the reactivation was successful in 8 of 55 mice treated with cortisone,
      in contrast to 0 of 41 inoculated, untreated mice (P = 0.009) and 0 of 35
      uninoculated, treated mice. Cortisone treatment affected the ability of
      peritoneal exudate cells to respond to migratory inhibition after exposure to
      purified whole organisms of C. trachomatis serotype B (TW-5) but had little
      effect on serum antibody titers, indicating a possible role for cellular immunity
      in resistance against C. trachomatis infection in the lung.

PMID- 6832813
TI  - Effective immunity to dental caries: gastric intubation of Streptococcus mutans
      whole cells or cell walls induces protective immunity in gnotobiotic rats.
AB  - Gnotobiotic rats were given Streptococcus mutans 6715 whole cells (WC), purified
      cell walls (CW), or cell wall lysate by gastric intubation (GI), and assessments
      were made of humoral immune responses in serum and saliva and of caries
      protection. Levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies to S.
      mutans WC in saliva samples from experimental rats were determined by an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. Serum antibody levels of the IgM, IgG, and IgA
      isotypes were also determined. Similar levels of salivary antibodies were induced
      in rats given S. mutans WC or CW by GI, whereas lower salivary antibody titers
      were observed in rats given cell wall lysate by the oral route. The level of
      serum antibodies in the various groups of rats also reflected the oral antigen
      used. The specificity of salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies in the various
      groups of rats was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with
      lipoteichoic acid, serotype g carbohydrate, dextran, CW, and WC as coating
      antigens. Salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies in rats given S. mutans WC or CW
      by GI were primarily directed to lipoteichoic acid and serotype g carbohydrate.
      The presence of salivary IgA antibodies to S. mutans in rats given either S.
      mutans WC or CW by GI correlated with a significant reduction in the levels of
      plaque, numbers of viable S. mutans in plaque, and caries scores when compared
      with the control animals (infected only). These results demonstrate that
      particulate antigens of S. mutans induce salivary immune responses when given by
      GI to gnotobiotic rats and that the presence of these antibodies correlates with
      caries protection.

PMID- 6832816
TI  - Hemagglutination and adhesiveness of epidemiologically distinct strains of Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Twelve strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from four epidemiologically distinct
      groups were examined for their ability to hemagglutinate human, bovine, chicken,
      guinea pig, and rabbit erythrocytes and to adhere to human buccal mucosal
      epithelial cells in the presence and absence of mannose. Four of six Kanagawa
      positive but none of six Kanagawa-negative strains showed mannose-sensitive
      hemagglutination with erythrocytes of rabbits and of one or more additional
      species. Mannose-resistant hemagglutination was shown by one strain in each group
      with no apparent relationship to strain source or hemolytic capability. All
      strains adhered to human buccal mucosal cells, with but a single strain showing
      significant difference in adherence at the alpha = 0.05 level. The adherence
      pattern had no relationship to the four epidemiological groups. Although adhesive
      processes may well be involved in disease caused by V. parahaemolyticus, our
      results do not support a role for adherence as a predictor of pathogenicity.

PMID- 6832815
TI  - Phagocytosis and killing of Francisella tularensis by human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Bacteria of a wild strain of Francisella tularensis were less efficiently killed
      by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than were bacteria of an attenuated strain.
      This finding was explained to some extent by a less efficient phagocytosis, but
      bacteria of the wild strain also seemed to be more resistant to killing after
      ingestion.

PMID- 6832818
TI  - Temperature-sensitive events during the replication of the attenuated S-1 clone
      of dengue type 2 virus.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive events occurring during the replication of the attenuated S
      1 clone of dengue type 2 virus were examined. The S-1 clone was more thermolabile
      than the parent virus at the nonpermissive temperature of 38.5 degrees C.
      Adsorption experiments in fetal rhesus monkey lung cells revealed an inefficient
      adsorption of S-1 at 38.5 degrees C compared with the parent virus, suggesting an
      alteration in a thermolabile virion protein important in adsorption. The
      production of S-1 viral RNA and antigen occurred at the nonpermissive
      temperature, which indicated that early events in the replication cycle of S-1
      were not affected. Release of infectious virus at 38.5 degrees C was not
      impaired; however, lower amounts of infectious virus in infected cells at the
      nonpermissive temperature indicated that maturation of the S-1 clone was
      suppressed.

PMID- 6832819
TI  - Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system.
AB  - Inhibition of bacterial metabolism by the lactoperoxidase (LP)-hydrogen peroxide
      (H2O2)-thiocyanate system was studied with representatives of serotypes a through
      g of Streptococcus mutans. The aims were to determine whether the amount of H2O2
      released from these catalase-negative bacteria is sufficient to activate the LP
      system and whether these oral bacteria are resistant to inhibition by the LP
      system, which is active in human saliva. When the washed, stationary-phase cells
      were incubated aerobically with LP, thiocyanate, and glucose (Glc), greater than
      90% inhibition of Glc utilization and lactate production was obtained with
      strains that released large amounts of H2O2 (BHT, FA-1, OMZ-176); 20 to 50%
      inhibition was obtained with strains that released about half as much H2O2 (B-13,
      Ingbritt); and no inhibition was obtained with strains that released only small
      amounts of H2O2 (AHT, HS-6, GS-5, LM-7, OMZ-175, 6715-15). Inhibition was most
      effective at pH 5, whereas release of H2O2 and accumulation of the inhibitor
      (hypothiocyanite ion) were highest at pH 8. With H2O2-releasing cells from early
      stationary phase, preincubation with Glc abolished inhibition, though it did not
      influence H2O2 release. Cells harvested 24 h later were depleted of sulfhydryl
      compounds. Inhibition of these cells was abolished by preincubation with Glc and
      certain sulfhydryl or disulfide compounds (reduced or oxidized glutathione,
      cysteine or cystine). This preincubation increased cell sulfhydryl content but
      had no effect on H2O2 release. All strains were inhibited when incubated with LP,
      thiocyanate, and added (exogenous) H2O2. Smaller amounts of H2O2 were required to
      inhibit at pH 5, and larger amounts were required to inhibit cells preincubated
      with Glc or with Glc and the sulfhydryl or disulfide compounds. The results
      indicate that pH, amount of H2O2, cell sulfhydryl content, and stored
      carbohydrate content determine susceptibility to inhibition.

PMID- 6832817
TI  - Enhancement of natural resistance to influenza virus in lipopolysaccharide
      responsive and -nonresponsive mice by Propionibacterium acnes.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide-responsive C3H/HeN mice were rendered resistant to a mouse
      adapted strain of influenza (Aichi, H(3)N(2)) virus when Propionibacterium acnes
      was given either intranasally or intraperitoneally several days before virus
      infection. The time of P. acnes treatment was important since no protection was
      demonstrated when this agent was given either on the same day as or several days
      after virus challenge. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice
      were not protected when P. acnes was administered intranasally at any time before
      infection; however, protection was demonstrated when P. acnes was given by the
      intraperitoneal route. Depending on the route of inoculation, P. acnes induced
      several distinctive immunological responses in the lungs of both C3H/HeN and
      C3H/HeJ mice. Intranasal inoculation was more effective in activating pulmonary
      macrophages in C3H/HeN than in C3H/HeJ mice. In contrast, intraperitoneal
      inoculation activated pulmonary natural killer cells in both mouse lines but did
      not activate pulmonary macrophages.

PMID- 6832820
TI  - Bactericidal activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages exposed in vitro to
      three strains of Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Normal ICR mice were infected intravenously, intraperitoneally, or aerogenically
      with Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from a turkey (S68), calf (V90), or
      rabbit (J20) lung. Both the turkey and calf isolates were highly virulent for
      mice and multiplied logarithmically in the lungs, liver, and spleen, resulting in
      death of the animals in 18 to 36 h. The rabbit strain was avirulent for mice, but
      repeated passage in mice did result in some increased virulence. All three
      strains of P. multocida were inactivated rapidly by normal mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, provided that the organisms were opsonized with specific hyperimmune
      serum before being exposed to the macrophage monolayers. P. multocida was slowly
      inactivated by normal mouse alveolar macrophages when the organisms were
      preopsonized. However, the surviving organisms later multiplied extensively in
      vitro. Macrophages harvested from hyperimmunized mice were no better at
      inactivating opsonized P. multocida cells than were normal mouse cells. The
      relative importance of the different phagocytic cell populations in the uptake
      and killing of opsonized P. multocida cells is discussed in relation to immunity
      to this important animal pathogen.

PMID- 6832823
TI  - Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection of adult mice.
AB  - HA-ICR adult mice were studied to develop an animal model for Campylobacter
      jejuni enteritis in humans. Fecal and ileal cultures made by selective and
      nonselective methods showed that C. jejuni and related organisms are not bowel
      commensals. Intragastric feeding of 10(8) CFU of three different strains of C.
      jejuni produced infection in 100% of the animals, and infection rates were dose
      dependent. Pretreatment with antibiotics or opiates was not necessary to induce
      infection. Fresh isolates and strains passed on artificial media yielded similar
      infection rates. Infected mice did not show signs of illness, but transient
      bacteremia within 10 min of oral infection was observed in nearly 100%. The small
      intestine was the principal target organ, with epithelial inflammation seen 48 h
      after infection. Control mice of four species had undetectable serum
      immunoglobulin G antibody specific for the infecting strain, but infected mice
      showed peak titers at 1 week with rapid decline. Immunoglobulin M titers rose
      minimally, and immunoglobulin A titers did not rise. Infected mice uniformly
      became chronic asymptomatic excretors, shedding 10(4) to 10(6) CFU/g of feces; a
      minority were biliary carriers. Intestine carriage was most pronounced in the
      stomach and proximal small intestine. Because this experimental infection led to
      bacteremia, transient pathological changes, and immunoglobulin G titer rises,
      this model may be useful for evaluating the effects of prophylactic and
      therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 6832822
TI  - Inhibition of onset of overt multiplication of Chlamydia psittaci in persistently
      infected mouse fibroblasts (L cells).
AB  - When monolayers of mouse fibroblasts (L cells) persistently infected with
      Chlamydia psittaci (strain 6BC) were dispersed in medium 199 and plated out in
      new flasks, the monolayers that grew out consisted almost exclusively of
      inclusion-free host cells that retained full resistance to superinfection with C.
      psittaci (covert infection). After a delay that was inversely proportional to the
      initial density of the newly transferred L cell population, the percentage of
      host cells containing visible chlamydial inclusions increased rapidly (overt
      infection), and most of the L cells were destroyed by extensive chlamydial
      multiplication (wipeout), leaving only a few survivors to start new persistently
      infected monolayers. When persistently infected L cell populations grown in
      medium 199 were transferred to Eagle minimal essential medium, the onset of overt
      multiplication was strongly suppressed although covert multiplication of C.
      psittaci continued unabated, as shown by host cell retention of resistance to
      superinfection and the prompt resumption of overt multiplication after transfer
      back into medium 199. The difference(s) between the two media responsible for the
      different expression of the persistently infected state was not determined. A
      single dose of 100 U of penicillin G per ml of medium 199 given at the time
      persistently infected monolayers were divided almost completely suppressed the
      appearance of visible signs of chlamydial infection for several weeks, although
      resistance to superinfection was retained at all times. The same amount of
      penicillin given 7 days after replating did not prevent the occurrence of the
      first expected wipeout, but there was a long period of inclusion-free L cell
      growth between the first wipeout and the second. It was concluded that covert
      multiplication of C. psittaci in persistently infected L cells may continue
      indefinitely without the appearance of visible signs of infection. The transition
      between covert and overt chlamydial multiplication appears to be a penicillin
      sensitive, multistep process that is regulated, at least in part, by the host
      cell density and the composition of the growth medium.

PMID- 6832821
TI  - Activation of peritoneal macrophages by concanavalin A or Mycobacterium bovis BCG
      for fungicidal activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis and effect of specific
      antibody and complement.
AB  - With a new short-term assay, where the reduction of CFUs in the inoculum could be
      measured, we investigated the killing of the dimorphic fungal pathogen
      Blastomyces dermatitidis in its yeast phase by murine peritoneal macrophages.
      Peritoneal macrophages from concanavalin A- or Mycobacterium bovis BCG-treated
      mice, but not resident or thioglycolate-elicited macrophages, significantly
      reduced the CFUs of B. dermatitidis in the inoculum. The activation of peritoneal
      macrophages for fungicidal activity by concanavalin A treatment was shown to be
      dose dependent and transient, i.e., absent after 72 h. These results indicate
      that it is possible for murine peritoneal macrophages to kill B. dermatitidis in
      vitro. The addition of specific antibody or complement or both did not enhance
      the killing of B. dermatitidis by these nonspecifically activated macrophages.

PMID- 6832824
TI  - Effect of Micropolyspora faeni cells and cell wall fractions on rabbit alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - The reactivity of alveolar macrophages (AM) to cells and cell wall fractions
      (CWF) of Micropolyspora faeni was investigated. Exposure of cultured AM to M.
      faeni and its CWF caused the AM to form clumps or aggregates which remained
      attached to the culture dish surface. Other gram-positive and gram-negative
      bacteria as well as yeast, zymosan, latex microspheres, and isolated
      peptidoglycan from Listeria monocytogenes did not cause this response. The
      response was independent of species source and antibody content of the serum used
      in culture. The use of heat-inactivated sera negated the role of complement
      activation in the aggregation of AM. AM cultures required a period of culture
      before exposure to cells or CWF for this response to occur. This response was
      both time and dose dependent. Rabbit peritoneal macrophages also exhibited the
      clumping response. Degradation of a purified CWF, fraction 3, with lysozyme
      greatly diminished the clumping response. Chemical purification of fraction 3
      with periodate, formamide, or trichloracetic acid also decreased this activity.
      These data suggest that the major active component causing this response is
      peptidoglycan but that other materials associated with the cell wall may also be
      important. A soluble-factor chemotactic for normal rabbit AM was found in the
      culture fluid of AM exposed to fraction 3. M. faeni cells and CWF also caused
      normal rabbit AM to chemiluminesce.

PMID- 6832825
TI  - Agglutination of mouse erythrocytes by Eperythrozoon coccoides.
AB  - Erythrocytes from blood of mice infected with Eperythrozoon coccoides for 3 or 4
      days agglutinated spontaneously. Washed E. coccoides particles agglutinated
      washed erythrocytes of uninfected mice. E. coccoides-mediated agglutination of
      normal mouse erythrocytes would be an excellent system for studies of bacterial
      adhesion.

PMID- 6832827
TI  - Correlation of level and duration of Streptococcus mutans infection with
      incidence of dental caries.
AB  - The caries incidence at various levels of Streptococcus mutans infection was
      analyzed in a control group and a test group. In the control group, the incidence
      of caries and the duration of S. mutans infection were significantly correlated.
      In the test group, the S. mutans infection was suppressed by antimicrobial
      measures when the number of S. mutans exceeded 250 X 10(3) CFU per ml of saliva.
      The results illustrate that the level and duration of the S. mutans infection are
      strongly correlated to the incidence of caries. The findings support the concept
      of S. mutans as a key cariogenic microorganism and illustrate the value of
      antimicrobial treatment in the prevention of caries.

PMID- 6832826
TI  - Repression of the virulence of Yersinia pestis by an F' plasmid.
AB  - An F-lac plasmid from Escherichia coli was transferred to virulent Yersinia
      pestis, resulting in the repression of virulence. The Y. pestis F-lac clones
      retained all of the known virulence traits but were avirulent and calcium
      independent. Every lac segregant derived from the F-lac clones was fully virulent
      and calcium dependent.

PMID- 6832828
TI  - Protection against pneumococcal infection in mice conferred by phosphocholine
      binding antibodies: specificity of the phosphocholine binding and relation to
      several types.
AB  - Some anti-phosphocholine antibodies protect mice against challenge with certain,
      but not all, pneumococcal types. We found that both their isotype and reactivity
      with the cell wall C-polysaccharide of encapsulated pneumococci, as measured by
      immunodiffusion, were important in predicting the protective activity of anti
      phosphocholine antibodies. We propose that the specificity of the protective
      antibodies includes the backbone of the phosphocholine-containing structure.

PMID- 6832829
TI  - Stimulation of chemiluminescence by synthetic muramyl dipeptide and analogs.
AB  - The effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after in vitro exposure
      to synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and 6-O-acyl and quinonyl derivatives was
      studied at an early phase of interaction by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence
      (CL) in response to stimulation by zymosan. The MDP molecule enhanced CL, but the
      degree of CL response varied with the kinds of fatty acids introduced in the
      chemical structure of synthetic glycopeptide analogs. A 6-O-acyl derivative
      possessing an alpha-branched fatty acid chain, B30-MDP, stimulated maximum levels
      of CL activity. High CL responses were obtained with L8-MDP having a short chain
      of linear fatty acids and with QS-10-MDP-66 containing a ubiquinone compound. CL
      was also stimulated by MDP and its analogs in the spleen cells of nude mice
      lacking mature T lymphocytes, but the extent of stimulation was decreased
      compared with that of normal spleen cells.

PMID- 6832830
TI  - Vwa+ phenotype of Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - Expression of the Vwa+ phenotype of Yersinia pestis in vitro is known to reflect
      maximum induction of virulence (or V and W antigens) at 37 degrees C with
      concomitant restriction of cell division. Both phenomena are potentiated by 20 mM
      Mg2+ and prevented by cultivation at 26 or 37 degrees C with 2.5 mM Ca2+. We have
      now compared this classic plasmid-mediated phenotype with those of Vwa+ Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica which, unlike Y. pestis, produce
      ancillary outer membrane peptides unrelated to the V and W antigens. All of 10
      wild-type strains of Y. enterocolitica (serotypes O:3, O:4,32, O:8, O:9, O:15,
      and O:21) exhibited a nutritional requirement for Ca2+ at 37 degrees C and
      produced significant V antigen. Like Y. pseudotuberculosis, autoagglutination of
      Vwa+ Y. enterocolitica was dependent upon prior growth at 37 degrees C but was
      not influenced by Ca2+. Autoagglutination of Y. pestis was never observed.
      Resistance of Y. enterocolitica to 10% human serum was typically dependent upon
      prior growth at 37 degrees C, either with or without added Ca2+, and carriage of
      a Vwa plasmid. In contrast, serum resistance of Y. pseudotuberculosis was
      temperature but not plasmid dependent and that of Y. pestis was constitutive.

PMID- 6832831
TI  - Detection of type-specific antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 by
      radioimmunoassay with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C purified with
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 specify at least four glycoproteins
      designated gA/gB, gC, gD, and gE. Previous studies have shown that gC produced by
      HSV-1 is antigenically distinct from the corresponding HSV-2 glycoprotein. With
      the exception of gC, the glycoproteins of both serotypes share antigenic sites.
      Standard serological assays fail to differentiate the antibody to the shared
      antigenic determinants from the type-specific antibody. In this paper, we
      describe a procedure for purifying gC from HSV-1-infected cell extracts with an
      immunoadsorbent prepared with an HCL monoclonal antibody. When used in a solid
      phase radioimmunoassay, gC proved to be a type-specific antigen for quantitation
      of antibody to HSV-1. Among individuals who had no antibody to HSV at the onset
      of infection, all of those with primary HSV-1 infection developed antibody to gC.
      Subjects with primary HSV-2 infection failed to develop antibody reactive with gC
      of HSV-1 (P less than 0.01). Both immunoglobulin G and M antibodies against gC
      were detected in sera from subjects with either primary or recurrent HSV-1
      infection. Higher antibody titers to gC were found in sera from individuals with
      recurrent infection than in sera from those with primary HSV-1 infection.

PMID- 6832832
TI  - Response of human lymphocytes to measles virus after natural infection.
AB  - The lymphoproliferative response to measles, mumps, and vaccinia virus-infected
      monolayers measured in seropositive adults by thymidine incorporation
      demonstrated that only 5% of individuals responded well to measles virus
      (stimulation index, greater than 5). Possible explanations for this occurrence
      include a lack of sensitization, active suppression, or failure in long-term
      stimulation. To distinguish among these possibilities, we studied the responses
      to measles virus in 22 immunocompetent individuals during early convalescence
      from natural measles infection. Substantial responses occurred (stimulation
      index, 7.03), particularly in a smaller group which included those individuals
      with milder cases of the disease. The level of responsiveness declined over a
      period of weeks. Responder and nonresponder cell mixing showed no active cellular
      suppression. These studies indicate that the low responses to measles virus found
      in late convalescence represent a lack of prolonged stimulation of the cell
      population measured in this assay.

PMID- 6832834
TI  - Interaction of Leishmania donovani promastigotes with human phagocytes.
AB  - Leishmania donovani is an important intracellular protozoal pathogen of humans,
      which resides solely within mononuclear phagocytes. Phase-contrast microscopy and
      cinemicroscopy were used to examine the interaction of L. donovani promastigotes
      with human phagocytes to characterize and quantitate the sequence of events that
      results in leishmanial infection.

PMID- 6832833
TI  - Lethal and vascular permeability activities of botulinum C2 toxin induced by
      separate injections of the two toxin components.
AB  - Two components, designated I and II, of botulinum C2 toxin were injected
      separately into the same animal. The intravenous injection of one component at
      different time intervals after intravenous injection of the other component,
      irrespective of the sequence, was lethal to mice. When components I and II were
      injected intradermally into separate sites, vascular permeability increased only
      at the site where component II was injected. The sizes of blued areas were
      smaller with increased distance between the injection sites of components I and
      II. When one component was injected intravenously and the other intradermally, an
      increase in vascular permeability was induced at the intradermal site of
      injection of component II but not at that of component I. These results indicate
      that the simultaneous injection of components I and II is not always required to
      elicit the biological activity of C2 toxin. The vascular permeability response
      induced by separate injections of the two toxin components suggests that the
      activity of C2 toxin results from component II binding to the tissue around its
      injection site and component I recognizing the altered tissue.

PMID- 6832835
TI  - Culture supernatants of Campylobacter jejuni induce a secretory response in
      jejunal segments of adult rats.
AB  - Culture supernatants of four Campylobacter jejuni strains induced a net sodium
      secretory flux (plasma-lumen) and an impaired glucose transport in perfused
      jejunal segments of adult rats in vivo.

PMID- 6832836
TI  - Hydrophobicity and adherence of oral streptococci after repeated subculture in
      vitro.
AB  - Fresh isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus
      salivarius from human dental plaque were all highly hydrophobic. After repeated
      subculture in vitro on blood agar, strains of S. mutans serotype c showed
      decreased hydrophobicity, whereas serotype d/g strains did not. Parallel to the
      decreased hydrophobicity in the serotype c strains, an impaired ability to adhere
      to hydroxyapatite was observed. A similar but less pronounced decrease in
      hydrophobicity in one S. sanguis strain resulted in a marked decrease in
      adherence to hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 6832838
TI  - Inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function by components of human
      colostrum and mature milk.
AB  - To compare the effect of human colostrum (days 1 to 3 postpartum) and mature milk
      (days 170 +/- 24 postpartum) on the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNL), Ficoll-Hypaque-separated PMNL from the blood of 60 healthy volunteers
      were incubated with whole colostrum, colostral lipid, and colostral aqueous phase
      from 30 mothers, or with mature whole milk and its separated components from 30
      mothers, and tested for resting and zymosan-stimulated oxidative metabolism,
      functional activity, and the presence of Fc receptors. Stimulated oxygen
      consumption, quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, [1-(14)C]glucose
      utilization, and Fc receptors were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) less in
      PMNL exposed to whole human colostrum or colostral lipid than in non-lipid
      exposed cells or cells exposed to the aqueous phase of colostrum. In contrast,
      PMNL exposed to whole mature milk or to its lipid or aqueous phase caused no
      significant decrease in any of these parameters when compared to nonexposed
      cells. In assays of phagocytosis, colostral PMNL or blood PMNL exposed to
      colostral lipid had a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in their ability to ingest
      [methyl-(3)H]thymidine-labeled Staphylococcus aureus when compared to non-lipid
      exposed PMNL. Blood PMNL exposed to lipid from mature milk had no decrease in
      ability to ingest S. aureus. Analysis of total lipid and total and individual
      fatty acid content revealed a uniform increase in all components in mature milk
      when compared to colostrum. Lipid or lipid-soluble material present in human
      colostrum but not mature milk causes inhibition of phagocytosis and respiratory
      burst-related activities of PMNL.

PMID- 6832839
TI  - Comparative study of Streptococcus mutans laboratory strains and fresh isolates
      from carious and caries-free tooth surfaces and from subjects with hereditary
      fructose intolerance.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate and compare some biochemical and
      physiological properties related to sugar metabolism of 4 laboratory strains and
      13 freshly isolated strains of Streptococcus mutans from carious and caries-free
      tooth surfaces and from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance. Growth in
      Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems)-yeast extract in the presence of various
      sugars was almost the same for all of the fresh isolates, which grew generally
      better than the laboratory strains. This was especially noticeable on sucrose
      where the fresh isolates (including those isolated from hereditary-fructose
      intolerant patients) grew two to four times more rapidly than the laboratory
      strains. The rate of acid production by the fresh isolates, measured with resting
      cells in the presence of glucose, was quite comparable to the rate of the
      laboratory strains. The glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose, inhibited the acid
      production from glucose by two laboratory strains (6715 and ATCC 27352), but none
      of the fresh isolates was affected by its presence. The antibiotic, gramicidin D,
      which allows free diffusion of H(+) across the cell membrane, inhibited the acid
      production of all of the strains. Phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase activity
      toward alpha-methylglucoside was found in all of the laboratory and freshly
      isolated strains. 2-Deoxyglucose phosphotransferase activity was detected in all
      of the laboratory strains, but many clinical strains, especially those from
      hereditary-fructose-intolerant patients, contained very low or almost
      undetectable 2-deoxyglucose phosphotransferase activity. In one strain, the
      activity was restored after repeated culturing in Trypticase-yeast extract medium
      supplemented with glucose. Glucokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were
      detected in all of the strains tested. No marked differences were observed for
      these two enzymes between the fresh isolates and the laboratory strains except
      for three clinical strains which possessed low levels of glucokinase. The growth
      of all of the strains in a broth containing 4 mM glucose and 4 mM lactose was
      studied. Various patterns were observed: diauxie, glucose utilized before lactose
      but without diauxie, both sugars consumed concurrently, and lactose consumed more
      rapidly than glucose.

PMID- 6832837
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide excretion by oral streptococci and effect of lactoperoxidase
      thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Approved type strains of Streptococcus sanguis, S. mitis, S. mutans, and S.
      salivarius were grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The rate of
      hydrogen peroxide excretion, oxygen uptake, and acid production from glucose by
      washed-cell suspensions of these strains were studied, and the levels of enzymes
      in cell-free extracts which reduced oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or hypothiocyanite
      (OSCN-) in the presence of NADH or NADPH were assayed. The effects of
      lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide on the rate of acid production and
      oxygen uptake by intact cells, the activity of glycolytic enzymes in cell-free
      extracts, and the levels of intracellular glycolytic intermediates were also
      studied. All strains consumed oxygen in the presence of glucose. S. sanguis, S.
      mitis, and anaerobically grown S. mutans excreted hydrogen peroxide. There was
      higher NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase activity in aerobically grown cells than
      in anaerobically grown cells. NADPH oxidase activity was low in all species. Acid
      production, oxygen uptake, and, consequently, hydrogen peroxide excretion were
      inhibited in all the strains by lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide. S.
      sanguis and S. mitis had a higher capacity than S. mutans and S. salivarius to
      recover from this inhibition. Higher activity in the former strains of an NADH
      OSCN oxidoreductase, which converted OSCN- into thiocyanate, explained this
      difference. The change in levels of intracellular glycolytic intermediates after
      inhibition of glycolysis by OSCN- and the actual activity of glycolytic enzymes
      in cell-free extracts in the presence of OSCN- indicated that the primary target
      of OSCN- in the glycolytic pathway was glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6832842
TI  - A practical approach to cagebirds.

PMID- 6832841
TI  - Managing the high yield dairy herd.

PMID- 6832840
TI  - In vitro activity of new cephalosporins against multi-resistant gram-negative
      bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro sensitivities of 47 multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli against
      six third generation cephalosporins were investigated. Overall, moxalactam was
      the most active compound and cefoperazone the least active. Ceftizoxime and
      ceftazidime were very active against Enterobacteriaceae. Ceftriaxone and
      ceftizoxime were active against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., but were
      inactive against Pseudomonas spp.; Achromobacter sp. was resistant to all drugs,
      while Citrobacter freundii was sensitive to every antibiotic tested. These drugs
      may be clinically useful in infections with multi-resistant gram-negative
      bacteria.

PMID- 6832844
TI  - Comparative studies on tree-pollen allergens. VI. The effect of thermal
      denaturation on the reactivity of birch pollen (Betula verrucosa) allergens.
AB  - The structural changes as due to thermal denaturation of antigens and allergens
      of birch pollen produced by gel filtration chromatography were studied by
      circular dichroism, RAST inhibition and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Results
      of circular dichroism showed that both BV3 and BV4 contained 20-25% alfa-helix,
      while BV45 consists of beta-pleated sheet and random coil. Fractions BV3 and BV4
      lost about 50% of their native tertiary structures when heated at 100 degrees C
      for 3 h. The number of antigenic lines found in the CIE plates for the heat
      treated fractions was reduced as well. The CRIE preparations showed unchanged
      radiostaining for the heated BV3 fraction (correlated to the untreated BV3
      fraction). For the BV4 fraction a diminished radiostaining was observed. A
      reduction of 8-fold and 4-fold of the IgE binding capacity was observed in RAST
      inhibition for fractions BV3 and BV4, respectively after heating. The purified
      fraction BV45 showed 50% decrease in CD absorption after heating to 100 degrees C
      for 1 h. The CIE pattern of the heated fraction gave a single precipitate line
      and the area under the precipitate line was reduced as compared to the unheated
      fraction. The CRIE plate showed reduced intensity of radiostaining. Skin prick
      tests and PK tests confirmed the reduced allergenicity of the heated fractions.
      These findings confirm the relative thermostability of the allergens in birch
      pollen. However, heating infers irreversible changes on the tertiary structure of
      the molecules, and these structural changes can be correlated to a quantitative
      reduction of allergenic reactivity.

PMID- 6832843
TI  - Differential diagnosis of scouring in lambs.

PMID- 6832845
TI  - The development and validation of radioallergosorbent tests for the detection of
      specific human IgE antibody directed against laboratory animal urinary proteins.
AB  - Radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) using urinary proteins from mice, rats, guinea
      pigs and rabbits have been developed and used in the diagnosis of laboratory
      animal allergy (LAA). Of the 273 subjects tested, 15 had been previously
      diagnosed as laboratory animal allergic and 8 of these (53%) gave one or more
      positive RAST results. Of the 258 symptom-free individuals, only 9 (3.5%) had one
      or more positive RAST. Of these 9, 7 had previously worked with animals or had
      occupational exposure to the appropriate species; the remaining 2 individuals had
      only some pet exposure. RAST was, therefore, of value in the diagnosis of LAA.
      During the development of these RAST assays, several sources of potential error
      were identified. Modest titres of total IgE (600 IU/ml and above) were found to
      influence the specific RAST index observed and lead to false positive results.
      The presence of human IgG antibody specific for rabbit serum proteins was also
      identified in four sera, and was responsible for interference in the rabbit
      urinary protein RAST system.

PMID- 6832846
TI  - Difference of the IgE memory cells in SJL and BALB/c mice.

PMID- 6832847
TI  - Prediction of malignant melanoma recurrence by serum N-acetylneuraminic acid.
AB  - Since serum N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) can serve as a relatively sensitive
      monitor of tumor burden, we wished to examine the relationship of NANA to other
      suggested prognostic factors for malignant melanoma. Eligible patients included
      151 patients with stage-I disease and 10 with stage-II regional lymphatic
      extension. A proportional hazards model was used to examine nine factors, of
      which five were not significant predictors of recurrence: age, sex, primary site,
      tumor diameter, and stage. Significant predictors included: measured depth p = 7
      X 10(-7); anatomic depth (Clark level), p = 7 X 10(-6); NANA, p = 0.003; and
      growth pattern (superficial spreading vs nodular), p = 0.01. However, on
      multivariate analysis only two predictors were independent; measured depth and
      NANA. The latter could not be explained by non-specific factors. The data were
      examined to define optimal test values for assignment of risk. According to this
      model, patients with lesions greater than 1.75 mm and NANA less than 2 mumol/ml
      have a more than 12-fold greater risk of recurrence by 2 years than those with
      lesions less than or equal to 1.75 mm and NANA less than or equal to 2 mumol/ml.

PMID- 6832853
TI  - Prospective study of "early" gastric cancer.
AB  - In order to elucidate the natural history of early gastric cancer, we followed up
      non-concurrently certain patients who had been diagnosed endoscopically as having
      "early' gastric cancer and who had histological evidence of cancer by biopsy, but
      on whom surgical resection had been delayed or had not been conducted. At the
      Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 56 cases were eligible for this study. Out of
      these, 27 cases progressed to advanced cancer and 16 remained at the early stage
      during the follow-up period (6-88 months, mean: 29 months). The remaining 13
      cases had had neither surgical resection nor examinations. The survivorship
      function for the duration of "early" gastric cancer was estimated by the life
      table method of Kaplan and Meier. The median of the duration was estimated as 37
      months. The 5-year survival rate of the 34 cases on whom surgical resection had
      not been conducted was estimated as 64.5%. These results suggest that early
      diagnosis and early treatment may lead to a reduction of mortality from stomach
      cancer.

PMID- 6832851
TI  - Dietary habits and lung cancer risk.
AB  - A previously reported negative association between a high index of dietary
      vitamin A and lung cancer incidence was confirmed in an extended follow-up,
      covering 11 1/2 years, of 13,785 men and 2,928 women, Responses to a postal
      questionnaire provided the dietary information. Relationships between the major
      dietary items and lung cancer were explored for various diagnostic subsets of the
      168 lung cancer cases diagnosed among the study subjects. Analyses were
      stratified for sex, age, residence characteristics, cigarette smoking and, at
      times, socioeconomic group. Although the data do not permit a firm interpretation
      in terms of risk enhancement by a marginal retinoid deficiency, we found that the
      apparent protection afforded by higher intakes of vitamin A or its provitamins
      was particularly strong for lung cancer appearing as squamous-cell carcinoma and
      among those with higher alcohol intakes. The individual food items which showed
      the strongest negative association with lung cancer were carrots and milk. These
      two items made a major contribution to the vitamin A index and its variation
      among the respondents.

PMID- 6832852
TI  - Mortality patterns among embalmers.
AB  - In view of recent findings of nasal cancer in rats exposed to formaldehyde
      vapors, we investigated the proportionate mortality experience of embalmers
      licensed to practice in New York State. Mortality was significantly elevated for
      cancers of the skin and colon and for arteriosclerotic heart disease, whereas
      significant deficits were seen in mortality from respiratory diseases and
      accidents. Respiratory cancer mortality was not excessive and no deaths were
      attributed to nasal cancer. Mortality was significantly elevated for cancers of
      the skin, kidney, and brain among those licensed only as embalmers, whereas
      mortality patterns were unremarkable among those licensed also as funeral
      directors (and presumably less exposed to formaldehyde) These preliminary results
      indicate the need for occupational cohort studies to clarify the carcinogenic
      potential of formaldehyde.

PMID- 6832850
TI  - In vivo generation and selection of variants with altered sensitivity to natural
      resistance (NR): a model of tumor progression.
AB  - The stability of a cloned murine tumor for sensitivity to NR was examined
      following growth in vivo in order to test the hypothesis that tumor progression
      proceeds through the generation and selection of variants. Clonal sensitivity to
      the [131I]-dUrd elimination assay of NR was assessed for the L5178Y-F9 tumor
      grown in syngeneic DBA/2 mice or maintained solely in tissue culture. Subclones
      derived from a tumor obtained from the injection site 3 1/2 weeks after the s.c.
      inoculation of 25 cells were less sensitive to NR in comparison with subclones
      derived from cells grown only in vitro. Subclones from the cells grown in vivo
      exhibited increased heterogeneity in sensitivity to NR in addition to their
      expanded range of susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis by CBA serum
      natural antibodies. The extent of the heterogeneity argues against tumor
      "adaptation" forming the basis for the phenotypic alteration while chromosomal
      studies eliminate the possibility that a new tumor was induced. These data
      support the hypothesis that tumor progression proceeds through the random
      generation of variants and host-mediated selection for the proliferation of
      clones with an increased ability to survive.

PMID- 6832848
TI  - Methods and mechanisms for the development of MTX resistance in human lymphoid
      cells.

PMID- 6832849
TI  - Splenic variations affecting sarcomagenesis among mice of an inbred strain.
AB  - Among overtly identical mice of an inbred strain, some are relatively susceptible
      and some relatively resistant to sarcomagenesis by large concentrations of 3
      methylcholanthrene (MCA) (Prehn, 1975 a). Spleen cells from mice, subsequently
      shown to be relatively susceptible, conveyed a relative resistance to oncogenesis
      when transferred to irradiated recipients; spleen cells from mice, subsequently
      shown to be relatively resistant, conveyed to secondary hosts a relative
      susceptibility.

PMID- 6832855
TI  - In vitro detection of cell-mediated immunity to individual tumor-specific
      antigens of chemically induced BALB/c fibrosarcomas.
AB  - In this study we have analyzed the in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity of immune
      peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), elicited in syngeneic mice against the MCA
      induced, TSTA-bearing BALB/c fibrosarcoma CA-2, GI-17 and C-3. The 4 h 51Cr
      release assay showed the immune PEC effectors to be specifically cytotoxic to
      fibrosarcoma used for the immunization, but not to other syngeneic MCA-induced
      tumors or normal fibroblasts. Cold target inhibition experiments on CA-2 cells
      confirmed the specificity of the reaction. When PEC, lymph-node and spleen cells
      from BALB/c anti-CA-2 mice were compared for anti-tumor activity, only PEC were
      found to kill tumor cells significantly. PEC effectors did not have a significant
      level of NK or NC activities since they were unable to destroy YAC-1 or WEHI-164
      tumor cells. PEC anti-CA-2 were analyzed for the expression of T-cell markers by
      anti-Thy 1.2, anti-Ly 1.2 and Ly 2.2 monoclonal antibodies. Anti-tumor specific
      effector cells were identified as mature T cells since they were not adherent to
      plastic and showed Thy 1.2+, Ly 1.2- and Ly 2.2+ phenotypes. In addition, anti-H
      2Kd but not anti-H-2Dd alloantiserum added to target cells, blocked CA-2 tumor
      lysis, thus supporting the conclusion that the T-cell response against TSTA is H
      2 restricted.

PMID- 6832854
TI  - Multiple genes in the H-2 complex affect differently the number and growth rate
      of transplacentally induced lung tumours in mice.
AB  - Although several studies have demonstrated that the H-2 haplotypes influence
      susceptibility to both spontaneous and carcinogen induced lung tumours in mice,
      little is known about the nature of their action. In this study, we analysed the
      effects of four haplotypes (a, h2, h4, b) with a C57BL/10ScSn background on the
      histological type of the tumours, their incidence, numbers and size. The tumours
      were studied in 8 and 16 week old progenies of mothers which were injected on the
      15th day of pregnancy with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. Even with the limited number of
      haplotypes tested, our data show that the effect of H-2 genotype is both
      genetically and biologically complex. Lung tumours of the alveolar type were
      detected in appreciable numbers only in a and h2 mice, indicating that their
      incidence is controlled by gene(s) to the left of I-E. On the other hand, tumours
      of the papillary type were present in all streams in approximately the same
      numbers, but their size differed between strains, being largest in a mice,
      intermediate in h2 and h4 mice, and smallest in b mice. Moreover, in contrast to
      a, h2 and h4 mice, in b mice the average tumour size did not increase in the time
      interval between the age of 8 and 16 weeks. Apparently, several MHC genetic
      factors are responsible for the control of growth and incidence of the
      transplacentally induced lung tumours. At least one factor maps to the left of I
      E, other(s) to the right of S. It is possible that these genes act through
      different mechanisms, since they affect the numbers of alveolar tumours, but with
      papillary tumours their main effect is on their size (growth intensity).

PMID- 6832856
TI  - Interferon-induced increase in neuraminidase-releasable sialic acid and
      glycosphingolipid metabolism in mouse lymphoma and L1210 leukemic cell lines:
      correlation with susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis.
AB  - Changes in sialoglycoconjugates and glycosphingolipid (GSL)5 metabolism were
      demonstrated in mouse EL4, P52 and YAC-1 lymphoma and L1210 leukemia cell lines
      treated with beta-interferon (IFN). Expression of cell surface (neuraminidase
      releasable) sialic acid on IFN-treated cells was markedly elevated (three- to six
      fold). The increase in neuraminidase-releasable sialic acid is contributed by
      sialoglycoproteins and particularly by cell-surface gangliosides in IFN-treated
      cells. Incorporation of [3H]-galactose into all GSL was elevated in IFN-treated
      cells. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of GSL of IFN-treated cells showed an
      increase in several GSL homologues with striking changes in ganglioside with
      chromatographic migration of GM2, GM1, and GD1a relative to control cells. IFN
      treated tumor-cell lines became resistant to lysis by virus-induced IFN-activated
      natural killer (NK) cells, as shown previously, but addition of neuraminidase to
      IFN-treated and untreated cells caused only a moderate increase in NK
      sensitivity. This suggests that IFN-mediated protection of target cells from NK
      lysis was not due to a preferential masking of target structure by elevated
      levels of sialic acid. These membrane-associated changes in GSL and sialic acid
      in IFN-treated cells may be potentially significant, because a correlation
      between certain GSL expression, sialic acid phenotype and susceptibility of
      target cells to NK-cell-mediated lysis have been found in several other systems.

PMID- 6832858
TI  - Hypnotherapeutic control of exhibitionism: a brief communication.

PMID- 6832859
TI  - Auditory vigilance during hypnosis: a brief communication.

PMID- 6832857
TI  - A new tumor promoter, dihydroteleocidin B, enhances cell growth and the
      production of murine leukemia virus by fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of tumor promoters on the expression of murine leukemia virus (MuLV)
      were studied in tissue culture. Dihydroteleocidin B, an indole alkaloid, recently
      found to be a tumor promoter, enhanced not only the production of Moloney MuLV (M
      MuLV) by a mouse fibroblast cell line, C3H2K, persistently infected with M-MuLV,
      but also growth on the C3H2K cells. The production of infectious M-MuLV by M-MuLV
      infected C3H2K cells that had been treated with dihydroteleocidin B for 1-7 days
      was four or five times higher than that of control cells. C3H2K cells grew faster
      and became stationary at higher cell densities in the presence of
      dihydroteleocidin B than in its absence. The tumor-promoting phorbol ester
      phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate also enhanced
      the production of M-MuLV, but their effects were not so strong as that of
      dihydroteleocidin B. These tumor promoters, however, did not induce production of
      endogenous MuLV in C3H2K or K-BALB cells.

PMID- 6832860
TI  - A multidimensional approach to pain relief: case report of a patient with
      Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

PMID- 6832861
TI  - Resistance in hypnotherapy of primitive states: its meaning and management.

PMID- 6832863
TI  - Phase 1 study of azosemide (SK-110): single- and multiple-dose study.
AB  - Single and multiple doses of SK-110 were administered orally to healthy
      volunteers. No subjective or objective symptoms were observed in tests I-I, I-II,
      I-III, and II, with the exception of dehydration, considered to be a direct
      effect of the diuretic, which was observed in test I-III. No noteworthy
      abnormalities were observed in laboratory examinations. One hour after
      administration of SK-110, urinary output and excretion of urinary electrolytes
      increased. In test II the diuretic effect of SK-110 continued for about 9 h after
      administration. Plasma concentration of SK-110 increased in proportion to the
      doses, and peak concentration was observed 3-4 h after administration. Plasma
      concentration of SK-110 on the 1st and 5th day of administration showed the same
      patterns. Drug excretion in the urine was less than 10%.

PMID- 6832862
TI  - Influence of food on the comparative bioavailability of a fast- and slow-release
      dosage form of quinidine gluconate.

PMID- 6832864
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of metformin: a comparison of the properties of a rapid
      release and a sustained-release preparation.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic differences between a rapid-release metformin preparation of
      500 mg (RRM) and a sustained-release metformin preparation of 500 mg (SRM), whose
      gastrointestinal side effects may be less, were compared after a single dose and
      after continuous 5-day use during a steady-state phase. In the single-dose trial
      the mean peak serum level of 1.00 micrograms/ml from RRM and 0.61 micrograms/ml
      from SRM were reached at 3 h, and at 3 and 4 h, respectively, after ingestion of
      the drugs. Serum metformin levels from RRM were consistently higher up to 8 h,
      and the AUC0-8h value for RRM was from 4.25 and 2.49 for SRM (p less than 0.001).
      Over a 24-h period 40% of the given dose was recovered in urine from RRM. The
      value for SRM was 25%. The elimination half-life was 2.0 h for RRM and 2.6 h for
      SRM. During the steady-state trial the mean basal serum metformin concentration
      was higher after SRM (0.33 micrograms/ml) than after RRM (0.20 micrograms/ml),
      although the mean peak serum metformin level remained lower after SRM. On the 5th
      day the AUC0-8h values obtained after RRM and SRM were comparable (6.88 vs 6.59;
      N.S.).

PMID- 6832868
TI  - The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties: a critical analysis.
AB  - The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS) is the most widely used
      source of drug information in Canada, and is heavily financed by the
      pharmaceutical industry. A close examination of its contents comparing a computer
      drawn, randomized sample of monographs from its "White Pages" to standard
      pharmacological reference works demonstrates certain of its characteristics: it
      uncritically includes many inadequate preparations; it overstates the benefits
      and understates the adverse qualities of many preparations; and it contains
      little or no information on relative indications, efficacy, or price. These
      characteristics serve to promote the marketing goals of the drug manufacturers
      and severely limit the volume's usefulness as an objective source of drug
      information. The role of the CPS and similar publications in the overall context
      of current drug company marketing strategies is discussed. Finally, suggestions
      for improvements are made involving the elimination of direct manufacturer
      financing, and the creation of an objective, independent, nonprofit publishing
      agency supported by professional and governmental organizations.

PMID- 6832865
TI  - The effect of dihydroxydibutylether on bile lipid composition in patients with
      gallstones.
AB  - Dihydroxydibutylether (DHBE, 900 mg/day, in divided doses) was given to 13
      patients with radiolucent gallstones. Bile lipid composition and bile saturation
      were studied before treatment and after 1 and 2 months of therapy. Bile was
      collected by duodenal intubation (after cerulein-induced gallbladder contraction)
      in each patient, and biliary lipids were estimated with standard laboratory
      techniques. The results of this study showed that DHBE treatment was associated
      with a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction of bile saturation with
      cholesterol (saturation index: 1.37 +/- 0.39 before treatment, 1.14 +/- 0.35
      after 1 month, and 1.08 +/- 0.29 after 2 months). The possible mechanism of this
      effect and the clinical relevance are discussed.

PMID- 6832866
TI  - The effect of sesquiterpene lactones, eupatoriopicrin and hydroxyisonobilin, on
      the glycolytic metabolism of human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of two sesquiterpene lactones of the germacranolide group,
      eupatoriopicrin and hydroxyisonobilin, on the glycolytic metabolism of human
      lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin was tested. Glucose and lactic acid
      levels as well as the activities of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were
      measured. Both lactones caused a decrease in glucose consumption and lactic acid
      formation as well as the inhibition of the tested enzymes. A stronger inhibitory
      effect was observed in the case of hydroxyisonobilin, particularly with regard to
      phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 6832867
TI  - Analgesic effect of peridural labetalol in the treatment of cancer pain.
AB  - Labetalol is an alpha- and beta-blocking agent commonly used in anti-hypertensive
      therapy. Because of its beta-blocking and local anesthetic effect, labetalol via
      peridural catheter was supposed to reduce pain in patients suffering from
      gynecologic cancers. Thirty patients with terminal carcinomas (breast, uterus,
      ovary), whose pain was caused either by bone metastases or by primary invasion
      cancer, were treated. Peridural catheters were inserted and fixed at various
      levels, thoracic or lumbar, and 50 mg labetalol was injected every 4 h at the
      beginning and every 12-24 h on the following 2-3 days. The analgesia started
      immediately during the injection. No sensitive damage or neurovegetative block
      appeared. In 40% of the patients the catheter was removed after a 3-day treatment
      because of the definitive suppression of pain. Other analgesics were not required
      during the treatment; no tolerance to the drug was developed. The peridural
      catheter remained in situ for an average period of 4-30 days. Afterward it was
      possible to treat more cases as outpatients depending on their general conditions
      and with the help of their family doctors. After a few days of therapy, almost
      all the patients reported a burning pain at the site of the injection; this
      problem was easily resolved by prior injection of a 4-mg dose of betamethasone.

PMID- 6832869
TI  - Psychiatry without asylums: origins and prospects in Italy.
AB  - In 1978, Italy became the first country in the world to pass a law eliminating
      mental hospitals and replacing them with services in the community. This victory
      was in large part due to the foresight and commitment of psychiatrist Franco
      Basaglia and his colleagues, whose work showed how psychiatric assistance could
      be realized in practice without asylums and without force and violence. This
      article analyzes why the anti-institutional reform took place in Italy when it
      did, and reviews twenty years of reform activity involving an alliance between
      democratic mental health professionals, politicians, workers' organizations, and
      private citizens. Although the reform gives psychiatry the opportunity to
      transform itself into a science of liberation, conservative political and
      scientific forces are attempting to maintain the logic of the asylum and replace
      the mental hospital with other institutions which continue to practice
      segregation in a decentralized form. The outcome of this radical experiment in
      creating a nonrepressive psychiatry remains uncertain.

PMID- 6832870
TI  - Apartheid and medical education: the training of black doctors in South Africa.
AB  - An analysis is presented of the numbers of medical students in South African
      medical schools and of medical graduates produced annually. The data are analyzed
      according to ethnic groups. It is shown that gross discrepancies exist, and that
      black (African) and "Colored" sectors of the population are seriously
      underrepresented. This pattern is found for the total number of medical students;
      the ratio of number of medical students in each ethnic group to the total
      population of that group; the number of medical schools to which blacks may, in
      terms of the government's apartheid policy, be freely admitted; the absolute
      numbers of medical graduates drawn from each ethnic group and the percentage of
      the total number of medical practitioners stemming from each population group;
      and the ratio of the numbers of medical graduates in each ethnic group to the
      total population of that group. No matter which yardstick is employed, marked
      discrepancies are apparent. It is maintained that the separate and inferior
      schooling system for blacks, under the apartheid policy, is not providing
      suitably qualified medical student material from the African and "Colored"
      population groups; and that the State (under which all South African medical
      schools fall) has not permitted existing medical school facilities to be freely
      opened for the medical training of blacks, nor has it made available sufficient
      facilities for the medical training of blacks. It is concluded that the apartheid
      policy, with its many ramifications at primary, secondary, and tertiary
      educational levels, has constituted the most serious setback to medical education
      in southern Africa. It has left medical education in southern Africa over 30
      years behind a point where it could and should have been.

PMID- 6832871
TI  - Agricultural research and human nutrition: a comparative analysis of Brazil,
      Cuba, Israel, and the United States.
AB  - A tentative theoretical explanation of modern nutritional vulnerability is
      derived from an original study of agricultural science as part of the social
      process in societies distinguished by the extent to which their form of
      production (specifically reproduction of labor) falls within or outside the world
      of commodities. The selected case studies--the United States, Israel, Brazil, and
      Cuba--are characterized also by advanced agricultural research, remarkable
      agricultural productivity, and, with the exception of Brazil, a satisfactory
      state of public nutrition. This particular selection thus lays the basis for a
      holistic investigation of malnutrition which considers the mode of production as
      the appropriate unit of analysis. As a theoretical, not statistical, account of
      nutritional status variations in a variety of social environments, the study
      employs a two-dimensional comparison of agricultural research orientation and
      impact, on the one side, and of predominant modes of reproduction of labor, on
      the other. It is proposed that, independently of agricultural productivity
      effects of research, structural nutritional vulnerability prevails where the
      strictly capitalist commodity--labor power--is sold below its value, and because,
      in the framework of capitalist production, science is biased against subsistence
      food crops that are used restrictively in reproduction of labor. This bias is
      rooted not in the nature of such crops, but in their role in determining the
      value of labor power, which as expressed by wage, stands in inverse proportion to
      profit.

PMID- 6832873
TI  - Foreign aid and its role in maintaining the exploitation of the agricultural
      sector: evidence from a case study in Africa.
AB  - Today most foreign aid donors are genuinely committed to the idea that
      development in Third World countries should start with rural development.
      Therefore, a sizable proportion of their development funds are invested in rural
      projects. However, donors channel these funds through local governments (most
      often representing local bourgeois interests) that are not as committed to the
      principle of rural development. These governments are often also embarked in
      policies that are actually--directly or indirectly--expropriating the surpluses
      generated by agriculture and investing them in the other sectors of the economy.
      The peasants are therefore footing most of the bill of overall national
      development. This paper contends that, because of this state of affairs, foreign
      aid directed toward rural development is actually filling the investment gap left
      by an internal system of unequal returns to production in agriculture. In so
      doing, foreign aid is indirectly financing the development of the other sectors
      of the economy, even if this result is unintended. This perpetrates
      maldevelopment without redressing the basic exploitation process of peasants
      which lies at the core of underdevelopment. Evidence to support this hypothesis
      is presented using data from a primarily agricultural exporting country: the
      United Republic of Cameroon.

PMID- 6832872
TI  - Blaming the aged victim: the politics of scapegoating in times of fiscal
      conservatism.
AB  - The ideology and process of victim blaming have undergone profound changes as a
      consequence of recent sociopolitical developments. This paper examines a newer
      and more pernicious form of victim blaming, with particular attention to the ways
      it has been directed at the elderly in American society. Several contexts are
      presented within which we may view recent budget cuts affecting the elderly in
      order to analyze the scapegoating of the aged as a primary "cause" of the fiscal
      crisis. These contexts include the cyclical nature of social problems, which
      expand or contract in accordance with the dominant needs of the economy; the
      "fiscal crisis mentality"; the philosophy and tactics of decentralization; and
      the Reagan Administration's move toward an "ideological definition of reality."
      Each of these contexts is seen as fitting within the overarching context of the
      current economic crisis and the intensified class conflict and related outcomes
      which it has generated. Unlike the victim blaming of the 1960s and early 70s,
      which defined "the elderly" as a social problem and devised solutions (e.g.
      expanded Social Security benefits, Medicare and Medicaid) for dealing with that
      problem, the victim blaming of the 1980s is seen as defining these earlier
      "solutions" as part of the problem. Not only are the aged problematic, but
      ameliorative programs are seen as "busting the federal budget" and in need of
      dismantling and/or shifting to other levels of government and the private sector.
      Education grounded in political-economic analyses of the "aging problem," aimed
      in part at overcoming structurally induced divisiveness among oppressed groups,
      is suggested as an important deterrent to the increased polarization which the
      current fiscal crisis mentality has nurtured.

PMID- 6832874
TI  - The Rockefeller Foundation's antimalarial program in Latin America: donating or
      dominating?
AB  - This paper analyzes the origins, methods, and hidden objectives of the
      antimalarial campaigns carried out by the Rockefeller Foundation in Latin
      America. These campaigns are examined in the context of the imperialist
      domination of Latin America over the course of this century. The close
      relationship between prevailing economic, political, and military priorities and
      the thrust of the Foundation's work in the field of malaria is detailed. In spite
      of its relatively small financial investment in malaria research and eradication,
      the Rockefeller Foundation was able to reap enormous benefits from its work in
      this area. Not only was the Foundation able to increase the profit margins of the
      Rockefeller empire by ameliorating some of the dire economic consequences of
      malaria, but also it was able to use its participation to penetrate the public
      health field and consolidate the hegemony of scientific medicine. It is concluded
      that the Rockefeller Foundation's attention to the malaria problem reflected more
      than mere philanthropic concern.

PMID- 6832876
TI  - Thoughts on tropical dermatology.

PMID- 6832875
TI  - Underdevelopment and the political economy of malnutrition and ill health.
AB  - This article applies Marx's abstract subdivision of social consumption to the
      prevailing patterns of capital accumulation in the Third World. Built-in
      scarcities in the availability of necessary consumer goods, alongside patterns of
      overconsumption and social waste by the upper-income groups, are conducive to
      conditions of mass poverty, malnutrition, and disease that coexist with small
      pockets of social privilege and affluence. Malnutrition and ill health must be
      understood and analyzed in relation to the dual and divided structure of social
      consumption: necessities of life as opposed to luxury and semi-luxury goods. The
      relationship between capital accumulation, the distribution of money income, and
      patterns of malnutrition and ill health is analyzed. It is shown that patterns of
      malnutrition and ill health are socially differentiated, and the core disease
      pattern in Third World social formations is discussed in relation to the material
      and social conditions of life which generate ill health and which underlie
      particular patterns of peripheral capital accumulation. The study focuses on
      empirical procedures for analyzing the relationship between levels of money
      income and levels of calorie and protein intake. An appendix outlines a
      methodology for estimating undernourishment in urban areas from household budget
      surveys.

PMID- 6832877
TI  - Black Sardinian wild piglet.

PMID- 6832878
TI  - Erosive lichen planus involving the glans penis alone.
AB  - A 71-year-old white man was first seen in September 1978. He complained of an
      asymptomatic recurrent red patch, which had been slowly enlarging for two months
      on the glans penis. The patient stated he had a similar lesion a year before,
      which disappeared completely after one month of treatment with a topical
      corticosteroid. Physical examination revealed a single, glistening, erythematous,
      round patch, 1.5 cm in diameter, on the dorsal surface of the glans penis. The
      central area seemed somewhat depressed with minute erosions scattered over the
      lesion (Fig. 1). The inguinal nodes were not enlarged and nothing was found on
      the skin or other mucous membranes. The diagnoses entertained at that time were
      plasma cell balanitis, erythroplasia of Queyrat, fixed drug eruption, lichen
      planus, erosive balanitis and solitary plasmocytoma. Laboratory studies were
      normal. A biopsy of the lesion showed: ulcerated or atrophic epidermis;
      hypergranulosis; hydropic degeneration of the basal layer; many Civatte bodies
      within the lower epidermis and the upper zone of papillary dermis; occasional
      clefts between the epidermis and the dermis; a band-like infiltrate in the
      papillary dermis, which composed almost entirely of plasma cells, seemed to
      impinge on the epidermis (Fig. 2). The lesion was diagnosed as lichen planus,
      erosive type. The patch disappeared in about 4 weeks with topical steroids. No
      relapse has occurred after a year.

PMID- 6832880
TI  - Pellagra probably due to pyrazinamide: development during combined chemotherapy
      of tuberculosis.
AB  - Pellagra secondary to antituberculous chemotherapy can result from isoniazide
      therapy, as well as from pyrazinamide treatment. Because of the similarity in
      structural formulas between pyrazinamide, isoniazide, and nicotinamide, the
      substrate competition is the mechanism most likely involved. The patient was
      cured by administration of nicotinamide during continued unchanged chemotherapy
      of her tuberculosis.

PMID- 6832879
TI  - Tinea incognito as a source of an "epidemic" of Trichophyton violaceum infections
      in a dermatologic ward.

PMID- 6832883
TI  - Studies on Austrobilharzia terrigalensis (Trematoda:Schistosomatidae) in the swan
      estuary, Western Australia: frequency of infection in the intermediate host
      population.

PMID- 6832882
TI  - Comparative protein patterns of three thermophilic nonpathogenic Naegleria
      isolates and two Naegleria fowleri strains by isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 6832884
TI  - Suppression of antibody production in mice given multiple concurrent infections
      with Nematospiroides dubius.

PMID- 6832881
TI  - Therapeutic effect of rifampicin and isoniazid against Leishmania tropica major.

PMID- 6832887
TI  - 4-Chloromethylphenoxyacetyl polystyrene and polyamide supports for solid-phase
      peptide synthesis.
AB  - Two functionalised supports for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides under mild
      reaction conditions were prepared: 4-chloromethylphenoxyacetamidomethyl-copoly
      (styrene-1%-divinylbenzene) and 4-chloromethylphenoxyacetyl-norleucyl-poly
      (dimethylacrylamide). They were devised in order to avoid the danger of
      racemization which exists during base-catalyzed esterification of the first
      protected amino acid to the 4-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resins formerly employed in
      combination with N alpha-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl and tert.-butyl side-chain
      protecting groups. Esterification of N alpha-protected amino acids to the new
      resins can be achieved easily and without significant levels of racemization by
      means of their caesium salts, while cleavage from the supports is possible by
      treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. The 4-chloromethylphenoxyacetyl polystyrene
      resin was tested by the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin which was cleaved, at the end
      of the synthesis, from the solid support in 91% yield by 60% trifluoroacetic acid
      in methylene chloride, and was shown to be more than 99% pure by ion-exchange
      chromatography and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6832886
TI  - Information contained in protein shapes.
AB  - The sequence of local conformations at C alpha atoms of a protein has been
      considered as an informational message string. The total self information
      contents and self information per letter have been evaluated for 83 globular
      proteins whose structures are known from X-ray crystallography. The derived
      information contents provide a method of quantitating structural specificity of
      proteins. This method of analysis enables repeating, intricate structural
      features to be recognized. Among the globular proteins whose structures have been
      solved, high potential iron protein stands out with the largest three-letter
      dependence.

PMID- 6832885
TI  - Taenia taeniaeformis: immunoglobulin E-containing cells in intestinal and
      lymphatic tissues of infected rats.

PMID- 6832889
TI  - Preferred conformation of the benzyloxycarbonyl-amino group in peptides.
AB  - Structural parameters, derived from X-ray crystallographic data, have been
      compiled for 35 derivatives of amino acids, peptides, and related compounds,
      which contain the N-terminal benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) group. The geometry of the
      urethane moiety of this end group is closely similar to that of the tert
      butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group, except for a relaxation of some bond angles because
      the Z group is sterically less crowded than the Boc group. For the same reason,
      the Z group has greater conformational flexibility. As a result, packing forces
      in the crystal may cause greater deformations of bond angles, resulting in larger
      variations of observed bond lengths and bond angles than in Boc-peptide crystals.
      The aromatic rings of the Z end groups tend to stack in crystals. Conformational
      energy calculations indicate that most conformations of Z-amino acid-N'
      methylamides and of corresponding Boc derivatives have similar dihedral angles
      and relative energies, i.e. the nature of the N-terminal end group has little
      effect on the conformational preferences of the residue next to it. In
      particular, the computed fraction of molecules with a cis urethane (C-N) bond is
      similar for the two derivatives: 0.51 and 0.42 in Boc-Pro-NHCH3 and Z-Pro-NHCH3,
      respectively, and 0.02 in the two Ala derivatives. There exist several computed
      conformations of Z-Ala-NHCH3 and Z-Pro-NHCH3 in which the phenyl ring and the C
      terminal methylamide group are close to each other. Because of favorable
      nonbonded interactions, such conformations are of low energy.

PMID- 6832891
TI  - 9-Fluorenylmethyl esters.
AB  - N alpha-Protected amino acid 9-fluorenylmethyl esters (Fm esters) were prepared
      by imidazole-catalyzed transesterification of active esters with 9
      fluorenylmethanol (9-hydroxymethylfluorene). The new carboxyl protection is
      unaffected by acids, but is efficiently removed by beta-elimination under the
      influence of secondary and tertiary amines. Primary amines and ammonia can cause
      slight amide formation. Deblocking was achieved also by catalytic hydrogenation.

PMID- 6832890
TI  - Effects of peptide-binding on the proton n.m.r. spectrum of bovine neurophysin-I.
AB  - The effects of binding L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine amide and related peptides
      on the 220 MHz and 300 MHz proton n.m.r. spectra of bovine neurophysin-I were
      studied. Throughout both the aliphatic and aromatic proton regions, marked
      binding-induced changes in the protein spectrum occur which are best explained by
      invoking conformational change within the neurophysin dimer, in addition to
      direct perturbation of individual protein protons by bound peptide. In the region
      downfield from 6 p.p.m., a new resonance, centered at 6.45 p.p.m. was resolved in
      300 MHz spectra. This resonance is tentatively assigned to a non-exchangeable -NH
      and undergoes a reversible binding-induced broadening. Also in this region, the
      binding-induced chemical shift change in the ortho ring protons of Tyr-49 was
      used to explore additional aspects of the kinetics of peptide-binding. The
      results indicate that peptides with affinities greater than or equal to 10(4) M-1
      exhibit slow to intermediate exchange rates on the time scale of the Tyr-49
      chemical shift change, but that fast exchange can be achieved with peptides
      having affinities approximately equal to 10(2) M-1.

PMID- 6832892
TI  - Dehydro-enkephalins. VIII. Attempted synthesis of dehydrotyrosine-enkephalins.
AB  - Two kinds of dehydropeptide analogs of enkephalin containing a delta Tyr unit at
      the N-terminus have been synthesized by coupling Boc-delta Tyr-(Cl2 Bzl)-OH with
      amino acid amides and tetrapeptide esters using the water soluble carbodiimide
      HOBt method. Pentapeptides consisting of delta Tyr1, and delta Phe4 or delta Leu5
      were also prepared. Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy was important in the
      characterization of the dehydro moieties, delta Tyr, delta Phe and delta Leu.
      Attempts to liberate delta Tyr1-enkephalins have been unsuccessful because of the
      instability of an N-terminal delta Tyr residue having p-phenolic group in the
      side chain.

PMID- 6832893
TI  - Complete amino acid sequences of two protease inhibitors in the venom of Bungarus
      fasciatus.
AB  - Two analogous protease inhibitors, VIIIb and IX in the venom of Bungarus
      fasciatus were reduced and carboxymethylated. Tryptic peptides were separated by
      cellulose thin-layer peptide mapping technique, and amino acid sequences were
      analyzed by DABITC/PITC double coupling method. Alignment of all tryptic peptides
      was established by analyses of chymotryptic peptides and further confirmed by
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion. IX consisted of 65 amino acid
      residues. VIIIb consisted of 62 residues, identical to the N-terminal 62-amino
      acid sequence of IX.

PMID- 6832888
TI  - Synthesis of the C-terminal half of thymosin alpha 1 by the polymeric reagent
      method.
AB  - In this report we further show the utility and efficiency of polymer-bound 1
      hydroxybenzotriazole (PHBT) as an almost ideal support for the polymeric reagent
      method of peptide synthesis. This was demonstrated by the synthesis of thymosin
      alpha 1 (15-28), in which two suitably blocked segments, Boc-Asp (OtBu)-Leu-Lys
      (2Cz)-Glu (OBzl)-Lys (2Cz)-Lys (2Cz)-OH (3) and Boc-Glu (OBzl)-Val-Val-Glu (OBzl)
      Glu (OBzl)-Ala-Glu (OBzl)-Asn-OBzl (2), were prepared entirely by utilizing PHBT
      activation for each coupling step. After appropriate deblocking of 2, segments 2
      and 3 were coupled by the DCC-HOBT method, followed by complete deblocking and
      ion-exchange chromatographic purification, affording the C-terminal half of
      thymosin alpha 1, H-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH
      (1).

PMID- 6832894
TI  - Self association of secretin in aqueous solution.

PMID- 6832895
TI  - Fundus reflectometry in the study of the choroidal circulation.

PMID- 6832896
TI  - Response of choroidal vascular resistance to hyperglycemia.

PMID- 6832897
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the choroid in health and disease.
AB  - Fluorescein angiography of the normal fundus reveals the segmental nature of the
      choroidal vascular bed. Despite the presence of anatomically demonstrable
      anastomoses, a segmental distribution is present in vivo up to the
      choriocapillaris level. Choroidal vascular diseases manifest by localized of
      diffuse delayed or incomplete filling of the choroid and by the involvement of
      the overlying retinal pigment epithelium. In the acute phase of choroidal
      arterial occlusive disease, ophthalmoscopy reveals localized or diffuse edema.
      Fluorescein angiography of such cases initially shows a delayed perfusion of the
      involved area followed later on by fluorescein leakage. This late diffusion of
      the dye is probably related to alterations of the retinal pigment epithelial
      barrier. The extent of the lesion after resolution of the edema mainly depends on
      the site and the extent of the occlusion, on the development of collaterals and
      possibly on the involvement of the choroidal venous circulation. Ophthalmoscopy
      and fluorescein angiography will reveal localized or diffuse pigmentary changes,
      sometimes of quite characteristic aspect. This may be associated with local
      destruction of the choriocapillaris, although normalization of choroidal blood
      flow may also be observed. Chronic choroidal vascular insufficiency is a possible
      cause for choroidal sclerosis. Chronic choroidal ischemia is also a possible
      explanation for peripheral pigmentary changes seen in the elderly.

PMID- 6832898
TI  - The choriocapillaris in the macular area. Clinical and angiographic study.
AB  - Fluorescein fundus angiographies performed with the Cannon wide-angle fundus
      camera enable a good vascular definition, which improves our knowledge of the
      choroidal circulation. Owing to the better quality of filters, the choroidal
      arteriolar network can be seen more precisely. Our recent studies have enabled us
      to confirm the existence of a special avascular area in the central part of the
      submacular choroid, surrounded by a perimacular choriocapillaris ring. In the
      macular area, the choriocapillaris corresponds to a thin layer which is most
      probably supplied by several arterioles from the short posterior ciliary arteries
      near their site of entry into the eyeball. As stated by Hayreh, there may be a
      central area where the capillary pressure, while being well balanced, is very
      low.

PMID- 6832899
TI  - Acute multifocal ischaemic choroidopathy and the choriocapillaris.
AB  - Acute multifocal ischaemic choroidopathy (AMIC) seems to be a better name than
      acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (A.P.M.P.P.E.).
      Fluorescein angiography indicates obstruction of the precapillary choroidal
      arterioles leading to non perfused choriocapillaris lobules and focal swelling of
      the retinal pigment epithelium at the site of the lesions. Furthermore in many
      fluorescein angiograms of human patients the specific mosaic pattern of the
      choriocapillaris can be observed, which was described in monkeys by Hayreh &
      Baines (7). The choroid has, indeed, an endarterial system. The special
      conditions in which a well-defined appearance of the choriocapillaris occurs are
      listed.

PMID- 6832900
TI  - Macular lesions secondary to choroidal vascular disorders.

PMID- 6832901
TI  - Physiological anatomy of the choroidal vascular bed.

PMID- 6832902
TI  - Nerve fiber layer of the owl monkey retina: retinotopic organization.
AB  - The organization of nerve fiber bundles, stained by microelectrode injection of
      horseradish peroxidase, was examined in the retina of the owl monkey. Fibers were
      traced across the retina in whole mounts and serial sections to evaluate their
      retinotopic order. Long nasal fibers showed little tendency to wander among
      bundles but were distributed randomly within the bundles near the disc. Long
      arcuate and papillomascular fibers, in sharp contrast, spread laterally among
      many bundles as they approached the disc, but were segregated within the bundles
      in a scleral position. These results indicate that horizontal retinotopy among
      bundles is well developed in nasal but not temporal retina; vertical retinotopy
      within bundles is well developed in temporal but not nasal retina of the owl
      monkey. These findings are significantly different from those of a recent study
      of the macaque monkey.

PMID- 6832903
TI  - A standardized method for the description and grading of histologic changes in
      the monkey retina: specific case of light-induced damage.

PMID- 6832904
TI  - Action spectrum of retinal light-damage in albino rats.
AB  - The right eyes of anesthetized, 10-week-old albino rats were exposed to constant
      photon fluxes at 6 wavelengths for 6 hrs. The left eye of each animal was patched
      during the exposure and was used as control. Histologic examination of retinal
      sections disclosed a region in the superior retina that was more damaged than
      were other areas. Attempting to ascertain an action spectrum by measuring ONL
      lost in this "sensitive" region failed. However, it was shown that, when ONL
      thickness was integrated over the entire retinal sections, a rhodopsin action
      spectrum emerged. It was concluded that (1) retinal light damage in the albino
      rat under these conditions was rhodopsin mediated, and (2) proper assessment of
      the extent of damage could only be made by some method that integrates over the
      entire retinal section.

PMID- 6832906
TI  - Characterization of the day-night variation of retinal melatonin content in the
      chick.
AB  - By monitoring two time points (one at mid-light and the other at mid-dark), the
      day-night variation of melatonin content in the retina of 19-day-old chicks was
      characterized. Melatonin was detected in the retina plus attached pigment
      epithelium by a specific radioimmunoassay, and its identity was verified by high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Melatonin
      content in the posterior pole of the eye showed a fivefold day-night variation,
      with high levels during the dark period of diurnal lighting. Light exposure
      during the dark period lowered the normally high nighttime value; maintenance of
      darkness during the normal light period did not alter the low melatonin values
      typical of mid-light. Pineal melatonin content responded similarly to the above
      lighting manipulations. Neither pinealectomy nor optic nerve transection had an
      effect on retina-pigment epithelium melatonin or its light-dark rhythm. We next
      examined the relative contributions of retinal and pineal melatonin to blood
      levels. Pinealectomy reduced the normally high mid-dark plasma melatonin value by
      80%. The addition of bilateral enucleation reduced the mid-dark value by another
      9% of control values. The day-night variation of retina-pigment epithelium
      melatonin was first evident in the embryo 2 days prior to hatching and persisted
      through adulthood. It was concluded that the chick retina from the latter stages
      of embryonic development is capable of rhythmically synthesizing melatonin; that
      retinal melatonin content displays a photically controlled circadian rhythm in
      phase with, but independent of, the pineal gland; and that the retinal rhythm is
      not regulated by afferent optic nerve fibers. The pineal gland is the major
      source of plasma melatonin in the intact chick, with at most a small contribution
      from the retina.

PMID- 6832905
TI  - Alteration of retinal choline metabolism in an experimental model for
      photoreceptor cell degeneration.
AB  - The choline analog hemicholinium-3 causes selective degeneration of the cones and
      rods in the rabbit retina. These experiments examine some biochemical effects of
      hemicholinium-3 on metabolic pathways involved in choline metabolism. No effect
      of the drug on several important photoreceptor biosynthetic functions was found:
      leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable material, glycerol incorporation into
      phospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine formation by either base exchange or
      choline phosphotransferase activity. However, hemicholinium-3 does selectively
      affect free choline use: high-affinity uptake, phosphorylation and subsequent
      incorporation into lipid. In each instance, hemicholinium-3 causes a significant
      inhibition of control activity at a concentration of 30 microM, a dosage that
      causes complete photoreceptor outer segment degeneration in mammalian retinas.
      Thus, it seems that the enormous synthetic requirements for phosphatidylcholine
      leave the photoreceptor cell in fragile metabolic balance, and transient
      alteration of this balance may destroy the outer segment.

PMID- 6832907
TI  - The role of Schlemm's canal in aqueous outflow from the human eye.
AB  - A mathematical model of Schlemm's canal is developed to simulate collapse of the
      canal and its effect on resistance to flow through the aqueous outflow network.
      Schlemm's canal is modeled as a porous, compliant channel that is held open by
      the trabecular meshwork. The trabecular meshwork is modeled as a series of linear
      springs that allow the inner wall of Schlemm's canal to deform in proportion to
      the local pressure drop across it. Based on comparisons between the model and
      results in the literature, the following tentative conclusions are reached: (1)
      Most of the resistance in the aqueous outflow network occurs in the inner wall of
      Schlemm's canal. (2) Glaucoma is not caused by a weakening of the trabecular
      meshwork and a resultant collapse of Schlemm's canal alone. Instead, glaucoma
      probably results from an increased flow resistance of the inner wall of the
      canal.

PMID- 6832909
TI  - Giant vacuoles in the lining endothelium of the human Schlemm's canal after
      topical timolol maleate.
AB  - The outflow system was studied by light microscopy in nine human eyes that were
      treated with topical timolol maleate (0.5%) prior to enucleation for malignant
      melanoma of the choroid. The frequency of "giant vacuoles" in the lining
      endothelium of Schlemm's canal and the diameter of these structures was the same
      in a control group of eyes as in the timolol-treated series. There was no
      qualitative difference between the architecture of the meshwork in the control
      and treated groups. These morphologic findings suggested that timolol had no
      direct action on the outflow apparatus and did not reflect the intraocular
      pressure (IOP) lowering effect of the drug. The effects of anesthesia, surgical
      manipulations, and fixation by immersion may have masked any subtle drug effects.

PMID- 6832910
TI  - Intraocular blood flow from analysis of angiograms.
AB  - A method of analysing fluorescein angiograms that yields a parameter of
      intraocular blood flow designated as the fluorescein appearance rate is
      presented. The appearance rate was decreased in those eyes in which intraocular
      pressure (Pi) was found to be increased. The appearance rate was also decreased
      in the two cases of "low tension glaucoma" whose angiograms we have analysed. The
      decrease in appearance rate with increase of Pi is the result of increasing
      vascular flow resistance due to constriction of veins at their exit from the eye.

PMID- 6832911
TI  - ARVO 1983. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Incorporated.
      Annual spring meeting, Sarasota, Florida. May 1-May 6, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 6832908
TI  - The structural basis of the blood-aqueous barrier in the chicken eye.
AB  - In order to identify the structural basis of the blood aqueous barrier in the
      chicken eye, the morphology of the blood vessels and epithelium of the ciliary
      body were examined with light microscopy, conventional electron microscopy, and
      the freeze-fracturing technique; the permeability properties of the vessels and
      epithelium were tested with intravascular injection of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). The ciliary body and iris of the adult chicken are supplied principally by
      a single temporal long posterior ciliary artery that, by dividing into two
      branches, gives rise to the great circle of the iris. From this circle multiple
      branches reach the iris, while a few run posteriorly to the ciliary body stroma.
      Most of the blood supply to the ciliary body stroma is derived from vessels that
      return from the iris, run in the valleys between ciliary processes, and are
      continuous, at the ora serrata, with the veins of the vortex system. Electron
      microscopy shows that the vessels of the ciliary body stroma differ from their
      counterpart in mammals in two respects: (1) the endothelial cells are joined by
      simple but continuous zonulae occludentes; (2) the openings in the endothelial
      lining (plasmalemmal vesicles, fenestrae, and transendothelial channels) are less
      numerous. The walls of these vessels retard, but do not prevent the diffusion of
      intravenously injected HRP into the surrounding connective tissue spaces. From
      the ciliary body stroma, HRP diffuses into the intercellular clefts of the
      ciliary epithelium, but its progression toward the posterior chamber is blocked
      by very complex zonulae occludentes between the nonpigmented cells. Thus, in
      chickens as in mammals tight junctions between the nonpigmented cells of the
      ciliary epithelium represent the structural equivalent of the blood-aqueous
      barrier.

PMID- 6832916
TI  - Cataract in gyrate atrophy: clinical and morphologic studies.
AB  - The clinical appearance of the cataract in nine phakic patients with gyrate
      atrophy of the choroid and retina is described. The gross and microscopic
      examination of three cataractous lenses removed from patients 31 years to 47
      years of age is reported. Clinically, the lens opacities appeared primarily along
      the confluence of the sutures posteriorly, interfering with vision because of
      their location in the visual axis. Histologically the region of the posterior
      sutures was filled with liquified and degenerated lens material typical of senile
      cataractous changes. By the second decade, cataract is a uniform finding in
      patients with gyrate atrophy and appears to be unique as compared with cataracts
      associated with other forms of retinal degeneration.

PMID- 6832913
TI  - The effect of freezing on human cortical cataracts.
AB  - To ascertain a direct relationship between the light scattering intensity and the
      particle scattering the light, thin (6-20 micrometers) sections were cut from
      frozen human cataracts. Freezing for 15 min (-10 C) and then thawing had no
      effect on the clarity or light scattering properties of nuclear cataracts.
      Cortical cataracts treated in the same manner appeared to be much clearer than
      they were prior to freeze-thawing. Light scattering measurements were obtained as
      a function of scattering angle, both in the I parallel and I perpendicular mode;
      a He-Ne laser was used. Results showed a reduction in the light scattering
      intensity in the I parallel and I perpendicular modes with repeated cyclical
      freezing and thawing and that this decrease was most pronounced at higher
      scattering angles. Morphologic data showed that much of the anatomical
      heterogeneity present in the human cortical and rat lens osmotic cataract
      disappeared upon freeze-thawing. However, even though the anatomical
      heterogeneity was less, there was persistence of serious cellular anatomical
      disorganization in grossly transparent parts of the cortex. This suggests that
      transparency is not dependent upon the presence of intact fiber cells. The
      importance of these findings to studies of light scattering, cataract
      classification and analysis of cryoextracted human lenses is discussed.

PMID- 6832915
TI  - Classification of human senile cataractous changes by the American Cooperative
      Cataract Research Group (CCRG) method. I. Instrumentation and technique.
AB  - The American Cooperative Cataract Research Group (CCRG) has adopted a system of
      classifying human cataractous changes that is based on separate and independent
      photographic documentation of opacification and nuclear color. This system has
      been extremely useful to the laboratory scientist who wishes to know the
      significance of associations between laboratory data and the extent or type of
      cataractous change. It has been applied to the analysis of nearly 2500 cataracts
      since 1976. This study presents the details of the instrumentation and technique
      of this new system and the results of classifying 2231 intracapsularly-extracted
      cataracts.

PMID- 6832917
TI  - An electrophysiological investigation of the macular photostress test.
AB  - The speed of macular recovery from photostress was measured as a function of age
      by subjective and objective techniques. The subjective procedures involved
      measuring the speed of recovery of habitual visual acuities after dazzling of the
      macula with a bright light. Macular function was assessed objectively by
      monitoring the development of the transient pattern VER after photostress. Both
      techniques indicated that the ability to recover from photostress decreased with
      age. However, the recovery of visual acuity and the restoration of baseline VER
      parameters had very different temporal characteristics. The time for restoration
      of baseline VER amplitude was usually several times longer than the time for
      subjective recovery of prestress visual acuity levels. Furthermore, subjects less
      than 30 years of age differed from the older group in that their recovery VER
      amplitudes tended to quickly surpass the baseline VER values, more so in the
      youngest age group. Most subjects over 30 did not show such super normal VERs and
      failed to recover baseline VEP amplitudes within 60 sec after photostress. These
      observations suggest age-related functional differences in retrobulbar components
      of the visual system.

PMID- 6832918
TI  - Binocular neurons and binocular function in monkeys and children.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies have shown that binocular neurons of the striate
      cortex of monkeys are irreversibly lost when the visual axes of the eyes are
      optically dissociated during the first weeks of life. The present study was a
      behavioral investigation of monkeys reared with optical dissociation. After brief
      periods of experimental strabismus, the monkeys showed poor binocular summation
      performance and were unable to see random dot stereograms even after two years of
      post-treatment normal binocular vision. These monkeys' performance on the
      stereopsis task was virtually identical to the stereoperformance of clinically
      diagnosed stereoblind children.

PMID- 6832919
TI  - Binocular exposure causes suppression of the less experienced eye in cats
      previously reared with unequal alternating monocular exposure.
AB  - In unequal alternating monocular exposure (unequal AME), each eye receives normal
      patterned visual input but on alternate days and for unequal periods. It has been
      shown previously that this imbalance in stimulation produces a deficit in the
      nasal visual field of the less experienced eye (LEE). The effect of subsequent
      binocular exposure on these visual deficits has now been examined. No evidence of
      recovery was found. Instead, visual fields remained the same or became smaller.
      In cats reared with little or no imbalance (8 hr/day vs 7 hr/day or 1 hr/day vs 1
      hr), subsequent binocular exposure had no effect on visual fields. In cats reared
      with a moderate or large imbalance (8 hr/day vs 4 hr/day or 8 hr/day vs 1
      hr/day), subsequent binocular exposure led to a suppression of the LEE: when
      tested binocularly, these cats rarely responded to targets presented in the
      monocular field of the LEE. The deficits became progressively more severe
      throughout the period of binocular exposure, until eventually they could be
      observed even when the LEE was tested monocularly. Most of these cats were
      clearly esotropic but not all esotropic cats showed suppression. The degree of
      suppression was correlated with the degree of the imbalance imposed during
      unequal AME. Our results suggest that when the eyes are misaligned, binocular
      exposure does not permit recovery of visual function in a disadvantaged eye, but
      may exacerbate the existing imbalance.

PMID- 6832912
TI  - The effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride on the resting point of accommodation.
AB  - Previous models for ocular accommodation have suggested a dual
      sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle. Such models would
      predict that sympathomimetic drugs should change the resting point or dark focus
      of accommodation. The effect of an alpha-adrenergic agonist (10% phenylephrine
      hydrochloride) on accommodation was examined; the results show a decrease in the
      near point of accommodation, without a change in the resting point of
      accommodation. These results suggest that the accommodative state of the eye is
      not the result of a simple balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic
      innervation as proposed by previous models of accommodation.

PMID- 6832914
TI  - Influence of selenite and fourteen trace elements on cataractogenesis in the rat.
AB  - The purposes of these experiments were to measure the influence of 14 trace
      elements on cataractogenesis and to test if these trace elements could prevent
      cataracts induced by selenium. On days 5-9 postpartum, suckling white rats
      received daily subcutaneous injections of either selenium (0.15 mumoles Se, as
      Na2SeO3, per pup) or selenium plus one of 14 other trace elements (separate
      subcutaneous injection) at one to five times the molar concentration of selenium.
      The frequency and severity of cataracts at three locations in the lens were
      assessed by slit-lamp examination on day 26-28 postpartum. Seven ions were found
      to be effective in preventing selenium-induced cataracts (% protection): mercuric
      (100%), silver (80%), cyanide (75%), arsenite (75%), cadmium (60%), and cupric
      (44%). Tellurite ion offered only 20% protection, while ferrous, zinc, lead,
      chromic, molybdate, tungstate, and vanadate ions provided no protection against
      selenium-induced cataract. No significant differences were found between the
      concentration of selenium in the lenses of control and cataractous lenses when
      measured approximately three weeks after selenium injection. Except for selenium,
      none of the trace minerals alone caused cataracts under our experimental
      conditions. In addition to subcutaneous injection of selenium, oral
      administration of this element was also found to cause cataract. It was concluded
      that among the ions studied, selenite was a powerful and rapid promoter of
      nuclear cataract formation, and that the protection ions may serve as useful
      probes for elucidating the mechanism of selenium-induced cataracts.

PMID- 6832920
TI  - Nonoptical determinants of aniseikonia.
AB  - Interocular differences in apparent size (aniseikonia) are typically associated
      with interocular differences in refractive error (anisometropia). Aniseikonia is
      generally thought to reflect disparities in retinal image size that often
      accompany anisometropia. This assumption was examined with seven highly
      anisometropic subjects who were tested under conditions in which no substantial
      retinal image size differences were present. Using a dichoptic size matching
      task, consistent and large (mean = 22%) aniseikonias were found. Myopic
      anisometropes exhibit perceptual minification, while hyperopes demonstrate
      perceptual magnification when using their more ametropic eye. Both ultrasonic and
      fundus examinations of these subjects indicate that differential retinal growth
      or stretching is responsible for these findings.

PMID- 6832921
TI  - Accommodative hysteresis: a precursor for induced myopia?
AB  - After an 8-min fixation period, the dark focus of accommodation of 12 emmetropes
      either increased by -0.34 diopters (D) or relaxed by 0.21D depending upon whether
      the fixation target was at the near point or far point, respectively. No
      significant shifts occurred after fixation at the distance of the subject's dark
      focus. The obtained shifts had long time-constants as measured after 16 min in
      darkness. Decay was much slower after near point (tau = 123.1 min) rather than
      far point (tau = 14.4 min) fixation.

PMID- 6832922
TI  - Visual acuity in infants--the effect of variations in stimulus luminance within
      the photopic range.
AB  - The forced-choice preferential looking technique was used to measure 2-month-old
      infants' visual acuity for black-and-white, square-wave gratings at six luminance
      values between -1.0 and 3.0 log cd/m2. The results indicated that the infants'
      acuity was relatively unaffected by variations in luminance above 1 log cd/m2,
      but was reduced by approximately 1 octave at a luminance of -0.8 log cd/m2. These
      results are in agreement with the results of adults tested in the same apparatus
      and with previously published data from adult subjects. Our results suggest that
      for infants, as for adults, variations in room illumination above 1.0 log cd/m2
      have little effect on visual acuity.

PMID- 6832924
TI  - The mechanism of transcatheter electrocoagulation (TCEC).
AB  - This study was performed to evaluate the temperature, pH change, and electrolysis
      products at the anode during transcatheter electrocoagulation (TCEC). Stainless
      steel and platinum anodes insulated by standard angiographic catheters were
      placed in renal dialysis tubing. The tubing, filled with either saline solution
      or plasma, was placed in a water bath (25 degrees C) containing a cathode.
      Temperature was recorded at the tip of the anode, placed in saline solution,
      using 15 ma for 20 minutes (n = 5 for each wire and current). pH was measured
      during applications of 15, 30, and 60 ma for 20 minutes (n = 6 for each current,
      anode, and solution). The solutions were analyzed for products of electrolysis.
      The temperature remained constant. The pH declined to 1.5 +/- .3 (mean +/- SEM)
      with the platinum electrode and to 2.5 +/- .5 with the stainless steel anode.
      Metallic elements and oxygen were the electrolysis products recovered from the
      stainless steel experiments. Chlorine gas was the major product recovered from
      the platinum studies. These results confirm that during TCEC there is no thermal
      injury. The pH change at the anode is probably a major mechanism in TCEC.
      Different types of reactions take place at platinum and stainless steel anodes,
      which may account for differences between TCEC with these two electrodes.

PMID- 6832923
TI  - Phase separation in rat lenses cultured in low glucose media.
AB  - Experimental evidence that indicates the nuclear opacity that develops in the
      hypoglycemic cataract in rat lenses is the result of a phase separation of the
      lens cytoplasm is presented. Phase diagrams of the cytoplasm of organ-cultured
      lenses were constructed for a series of incubation times in normal and
      hypoglycemic media. In normal media, the maximum phase separation temperature,
      Tmax, of the lens cytoplasm decreases with time. In hypoglycemic media, Tmax
      increases with time and exceeds 37 C after 24 hrs. The increase in Tmax can be
      stopped and reversed if the lens is returned to normal media within 8 hrs; in
      good agreement with an earlier biochemical analysis of the kinetics of
      hypoglycemic cataract formation.

PMID- 6832925
TI  - The effect of extraneous light on lesion detectability. A demonstration.

PMID- 6832927
TI  - Sonographic identification of lung maturation in the fetal lamb.
AB  - Ultrasound evaluation of fetal lung development in utero could be a noninvasive
      method for frequent monitoring of the state of pulmonary maturity and predicting
      when parturition could occur with minimum or no risk of respiratory distress
      syndrome of the newborn. In cases of high-risk obstetric management in premature
      labor, this ability may be a particularly useful tool. To pursue this
      possibility, the lungs and livers of 13 living fetal lambs were successfully
      imaged with a modified clinical B-scanner under carefully controlled conditions;
      physiologic function tests on the excised lungs determined the state of pulmonary
      maturity. In eight cases, maturity or immaturity was correctly identified by
      sonographic criteria. The results wer ambiguous in four cases. One case of
      immature lung was incorrectly identified as mature. The trends established in
      these animal studies appear promising and with refinement may form the basis for
      sonographic assessment of fetal lung maturity in a clinical setting.

PMID- 6832926
TI  - Intravenous angiocardiography using digital image processing. II. Detection of
      left-to-right shunts in an animal model.
AB  - Digital image processing was applied in an experimental model to study the
      feasibility of intravenous angiocardiography for the detection of cardiac lesions
      with left-to-right shunting. Methods were designed to produce ventricular and
      atrial septal defects (VSD, ASD) as well as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
      equivalent in pigs. After intravenous (IV) injection of 0.5-1 ml of Urografin 76%
      per kg body weight, digitization and computerized processing of roentgen video
      images recorded at a rate of 50 fields per second was performed. The radiographic
      images were recorded in the four-chamber view obtained by 30-35 degrees of
      caudocranial angulation and 50-60 degrees of left anterior oblique positioning of
      the animal. The processing of images included electrocardiogramgated background
      subtraction, rescaling, and sometimes histogram equalization. Integration of
      multiple background and multiple contrast images was performed in order to
      increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Ventricular septal defects and patent ductus
      arteriosus could be detected per se, while atrial septal defect only could be
      indirectly detected. Respiratory motion artifacts could be avoided by cross
      correlation respiratory gating or by subtracting left ventricular end systole
      from end diastole during the same cardiac cycle of left ventricular
      opacification. The results of the experiments in pigs are the basis for continued
      clinical use of digitized IV angiocardiography.

PMID- 6832928
TI  - The effect of ischemia and isoproterenol on the pulmonary circulation in dogs.
      Analysis by digital intravenous angiography.

PMID- 6832930
TI  - Pulmonary microangiography. A comparison of in vitro versus in vivo perfusion
      techniques in dogs.
AB  - Because of a need to correlate pulmonary microvascular changes with physiologic
      data during lung injury, in vitro and in vivo pulmonary capillary
      microangiography was performed on normal dogs and those subjected to oleic acid
      injury and glass bead microembolization. During these studies, no significant
      differences were found between microangiograms obtained after in vitro and in
      vivo perfusion techniques. This work therefore suggests that in vitro
      microangiography yields reliable morphologic information more conveniently than
      more expensive and difficult in vivo techniques. In vitro pulmonary capillary
      microangiography can provide reliable structural information which can be
      correlated with physiologic data.

PMID- 6832931
TI  - Methods for evaluating cardiac wall motion in three dimensions using bifurcation
      points of the coronary arterial tree.
AB  - An accurate three-dimensional (3D) representation of heart wall motion would be
      an important means of evaluating cardiac function. To accomplish this, we have
      developed an interactive computer graphics system designed to enter the time
      dependent 3D positions of bifurcations of the coronary arterial tree. These
      bifurcations are precise markers of the epicardial surface, and their motions
      accurately represent the motion of the underlying heart wall. We demonstrate
      techniques for calculating local wall motion, including displacement and
      velocity, for determining a time-dependent center-of-contraction point towards
      which the epicardium tends to move and for tracking the mechanical contraction
      wave using cross-correlation methods. We have applied these techniques to study
      seven patients with normal left ventriculograms and coronary arteriograms. We
      have found these methods to be generally applicable and to provide information
      not obtainable without 3D analysis.

PMID- 6832929
TI  - Intravascular and extravascular pulmonary fluid volumes II. Response to rapid
      increases in left atrial pressure and the theoretical implications for pulmonary
      radiographic and radionuclide imaging.

PMID- 6832932
TI  - Monoclonal antibody radioimmunodetection of human-derived colon cancer.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether monoclonal antibody directed against
      carcinoembryonic antigen could successfully be used in the scintigraphic
      localization of a human-derived colon carcinoma in a hamster model. An
      immunoglobulin G (IgG)-1 kappa monoclonal antibody, prepared in this laboratory,
      against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was radiolabeled with iodine-131 (131I).
      Four Syrian hamsters bearing GW-39 human colon cancers received intracardiac
      injections of 50 mu Ci of 131I (14 micrograms of antibody). Gamma camera images
      were obtained at 24-hour intervals. Animals were sacrificed at 11 days, and the
      tumors and entire animals were counted. A double-label antibody experiment was
      conducted with 131I anti-CEA and nonspecific MOPC 21 IgG iodine-125 (125I) to
      assess localization specificity. The scintiphotos clearly showed the tumor at 24
      hours, but there was significant background (blood-pool activity). Later images
      at six and 11 days showed a gradual decrease in background activity and more
      clear definition of the tumor. Animals sacrificed at 11 days showed 48-80% of
      residual whole body radioactivity to be present in the tumor. However, these
      tumors were large at sacrifice, weighing 8.9 to 12.4 g. Specific localization was
      confirmed by the double-label experiments where specific localization was twice
      nonspecific accretion of IgG in the tumor. This study has shown that a specific
      monoclonal antibody can successfully be used to scintigraphically localize a
      colon tumor of human origin. Although clearance of background activity is a
      gradual process, eventually most radioactivity left in the animal is localized in
      the tumor. This study illustrates that the potential radiolabeled monoclonal
      antibodies hold as immunodiagnostic agents.

PMID- 6832933
TI  - Renal artery occlusion and infarction with Sotradecol.
AB  - Sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3% (Sotradecol) was perfused into a proximally
      obstructed renal artery in ten random-source adult dogs. In all animals, the
      intra-arterial injections of Sotradecol produced immediate thrombosis of the
      renal arteries. Angiographic studies, lasting up to ten weeks, on eight dogs
      demonstrated persistent occlusion. In one dog, unintentional thrombosis occurred
      in the opposite renal artery due to reflux of Sotradecol. Histopathologic studies
      showed total obliteration of the renal arteries through organized thrombosis,
      intimal sclerosis, and luminal collapse. In all dogs, the kidneys were not
      visible, and diffuse renal infarction was confirmed by histologic studies of five
      dogs.

PMID- 6832936
TI  - Imaging of lymphoid structures with indium-111-labeled lymphocytes.
AB  - The ability of indium-111 (111In)-oxine-labeled syngeneic lymphocytes to migrate
      normally and their suitability for imaging both normal lymphoid structures and
      those with metastatic disease were assessed. Sixty-two ACI rats were studied, 34
      of which received injections in the left foot pad with 1 X 10(6) syngeneic H-4-II
      E hepatoma cells nine to 44 days before imaging. Most animals were bearing
      palpable tumors when imaged. In 53 experiments, 1-6 X 10(8) 111In-oxine-labeled
      lymphocytes with a labeling concentration of 5-80 microCi/10(8) cells were
      injected intravenously. Gamma camera images were obtained 22 hours later. After
      the last image, the animals were killed. The lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs,
      and left femur were dissected, and the recovered radioactivity was determined in
      a gamma well counter. Lymph nodes could be partially or completely visualized in
      70% of the animals (15 tumor-bearing and 16 normal out of 44 technically
      satisfactory experiments). Large metastatic nodes were seen clearly. Lymphocytes
      labeled with 111In-oxine exhibited a normal migration from blood to lymph nodes.

PMID- 6832934
TI  - Mechanism of the renal response to contrast medium in dogs. Decrease in renal
      function due to hypertonicity.
AB  - Radiographic contrast media (CM) (meglumine/sodium diatrizoate-76%; 1650 mOsm/kg)
      and other hypertonic solutions induce renal vasoconstriction by an unknown
      mechanism. In anesthetized dogs, renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with an
      electromagnetic flowmeter and filtration fraction (FF) and glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) by the renal extraction of technetium-99m tin chelate. Ureteral
      pressure (UP) and wedged renal venous pressure (VP) were measured as indices of
      intrarenal pressure. Measurements of renal length (L), along with pressures, made
      it possible to examine the compliance of the system. A 4-cc intrarenal bolus of
      CM caused a 59% reduction in GFR (control: 0.63 +/- 0.04 to 0.26 +/- 0.04 ml/min
      X g, mean +/- SEM), in association with a 23% reduction in RBF (control: 3.10 +/-
      0.11 to 2.39 +/- 0.26 ml/min X g) and a 44% decrease in FF (control: 0.32 +/-
      0.01 to 0.18 +/- 0.03). These responses were compared with a 3-microgram
      intrarenal bolus of norepinephrine (NOREPI) which resulted in a 79.0 +/- 7.5%
      reduction in RBF, 68.3 +/- 7.3% reduction in GFR and 42.6 +/- 15.6% increase in
      FF. The NOREPI-induced vasoconstriction caused transient decreases in renal L,
      UP, and VP, whereas the CM-induced decrease in renal blood flow was associated
      with increases in these parameters. In studies employing ureteral occlusion to
      elevate intrarenal pressure, the magnitude (area, cm2) of the CM-induced decrease
      in renal perfusion was accentuated with increased UP (r = 0.79, n = 24, P less
      than 0.001). The CM-induced increase in renal L, UP, and VP must reflect osmotic
      forces and an increase in intrarenal pressure. The decreases in FF and GFR
      probably reflect Starling forces in the glomerular capillaries, with osmotic
      transients dominating. The results suggest a mechanical mechanism for the CM
      induced decrease in RBF.

PMID- 6832935
TI  - Iodinated contrast agents. Effect on ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase
      isoenzymes in arterial wall.
AB  - In the arterial wall, ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase (E.C.2.7.3.2) is present
      in the form of its three isoenzymes, MM, MB, and BB, the latter being
      predominant. Six iodinated contrast agents in routine angiographic use were
      examined from the point of view of their effects in vitro on the isoenzymes of
      ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase from the arterial wall, compared with their
      effects on the same isoenzymes in other organs. There is a clear inhibitory
      effect from the contrast agents on all organs, but it is least marked for the
      arterial wall. Furthermore, nonionic compounds have far less enzyme-inhibitory
      effect than ionic compounds.

PMID- 6832937
TI  - Tissue mean transit time from dynamic computed tomography by a simple
      deconvolution technique.
AB  - In order to calculate the mean transit time of tissue, such as brain, from
      dynamic computed tomography performed after a bolus injection of intravenous
      contrast material, the time dependence of the input of contrast material to the
      tissue must be "deconvolved" from the observed time course of the tissue contrast
      enhancement. If the approximate shape of the curve of the response of the tissue
      to an instantaneous injection of contrast material is assumed, the width of this
      curve that gives the best fit to the observed tissue response can be used to find
      a value for the tissue mean transit time. Applying this technique to dynamic CT
      scans of two normal volunteers yielded values comparable to those in the
      literature by other techniques. The method has the advantages of being simple to
      implement, relatively insensitive to noise and the details of the assumed curve
      shape, and not requiring any curve fitting to correct for recirculation.

PMID- 6832938
TI  - Cryptograms--1982.

PMID- 6832939
TI  - Electron microscopy of maize rayado fino virus in the internal organs of its
      leafhopper vector.
AB  - Discrete groups of 20- to 25-nm isometric particles, considered to represent
      maize rayado fino virus (RFV), were consistently observed in the ectoderm, fat
      body, midgut, follicular cells of the ovary, muscle, and salivary glands of RFV
      infected Dalbulus maidis. The particles commonly occurred within cytoplasmic
      bodies bound by membranes, some of them resembling lysosomes, and were not found
      in nonviruliferous insects. These findings are congruent with previous studies on
      the multiplication of RFV in D. maidis. The absence of cytopathologic effects due
      to viral infection at the ultrastructural level confirms biological data on the
      absence of deleterious effects of the virus in its vector.

PMID- 6832940
TI  - Effect of 2-thiouracil on RNA and protein synthesis in synchronous and
      asynchronous infections of tobacco mosaic virus.
AB  - Examination of the effect of 2-thiouracil on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA and
      protein synthesis in synchronous and asynchronous systems of replication in
      tobacco leaves demonstrated that 2-thiouracil does not prevent synthesis of TMV
      RNA, as suggested by previous studies, but inhibits some earlier function. When
      added at different times after mechanical inoculation, 1 mM 2-thiouracil
      partially inhibited both viral RNA and protein synthesis, with greater inhibition
      when treatment began nearer the time of inoculation. In leaves systemically
      inoculated with TMV using a differential temperature inoculation procedure to
      synchronize the infection, 1 mM 2-thiouracil inhibited viral protein and RNA
      synthesis totally when treatment began within the first 4 h after initiation of
      replication, but not at all when treatment began at 12 h or later, even though
      earlier reports had shown that most RNA and protein synthesis occurred after 12
      h.

PMID- 6832941
TI  - Identification and characterization of measles virus 50S RNA.

PMID- 6832942
TI  - The Moshe Prywes Lecture in Medical Education.

PMID- 6832943
TI  - Epidemiology and genetics of endemic goiter. I. Epidemiological aspects.
AB  - This study dealt with approximately 2,000 children and their parents living in a
      hyperendemic goiter area in Central Brazil, which is bounded by the jungle to the
      north and by a large plain to the south. The determination of goiter was made
      according to the methods and classification adopted by WHO. Conspicuous forms of
      goiter were found in 41% of the children examined. Multiple linear regression
      analysis showed an increase with age in the frequency of goiter in both sexes.
      Although data from the literature show that Mulattoes and Negroes have
      statistically higher frequencies of goiter than do Whites, our multiple linear
      regression analysis revealed no evidence for an effect of race on the endemism.
      There was no significant association with socioeconomic level. The presence of
      goiter in parents was shown to be statistically associated with its occurrence in
      the children.

PMID- 6832945
TI  - Epidural analgesia during labor in 1,200 monitored parturients.

PMID- 6832946
TI  - Hypertension in middle-aged men. Associated factors and mortality experience.
AB  - Seven hundred and seventeen hypertensive middle-aged men (HTs) were compared with
      4,438 normotensive men (NTs). The association between the prevalence of
      hypertension and a number of demographic, physical, biochemical and
      electrocardiographic characteristics was examined by multiple logistic analysis.
      HTs were characterized by significant elevations of pulse rate, relative weight,
      serum uric acid, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. HTs had a higher
      percent of major electrocardiographic findings, such as ischemic T wave changes,
      ST depression and, most significantly, left-ventricular hypertrophy. They were
      4.7 yr older than the NTs and were more often of Central European than of Middle
      Eastern descent. Mortality in HTs over a 4.5-yr period was dose-response related
      to casual systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings at baseline. The age
      adjusted HT/NT mortality ratio was approximately 2.5:1. Cardiovascular and
      cerebrovascular disease accounted for 69% of the total mortality among HTs as
      compared with 48% among NTs. The estimated mortality fraction attributable to
      hypertension was 23%. This figure provides an estimate for the goal of
      hypertension control in the community.

PMID- 6832944
TI  - Thyroid function in cystic fibrosis patients compared with healthy Israeli
      children.

PMID- 6832947
TI  - Comparative study of Bjork-Shiley and Starr-Edwards prostheses for aortic valve
      replacement.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients received aortic valve replacement prostheses. The 19
      patients who received Starr-Edwards (SE) caged-ball valve prostheses and the 20
      patients who received Bjork-Shiley (BS) tilting-disc valve prostheses were
      followed up for a mean period of 20 and 19 mo, respectively. The cumulative
      mortality rate was 5.3% in the SE group and 15% in the BS group. The clinical
      improvement was more remarkable in the BS than in the SE series. Major
      thromboembolic complications developed in three patients in each group, and two
      patients in each group developed infectious endocarditis. Tests for intravascular
      hemolysis indicated a higher rate in the SE than in the BS group. The serum
      haptoglobin levels were 39 +/- 22 and 102 +/- 63 g/dl (mean +/- SD), respectively
      (P less than 0.001). The hemoglobin level was 12.4 +/- 1.8 g/dl in the SE group
      and 13.4 +/- 0.6 g/dl in the BS group (P less than 0.03). The BS tilting-disc
      valve caused less hemolysis and the smaller size led to greater clinical
      improvement.

PMID- 6832948
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis in a premature infant with hyponatremia, hypervolemia and
      anuria.

PMID- 6832951
TI  - Tay-Sachs disease among Moroccan Jews.

PMID- 6832950
TI  - Occurrence of celiac disease in children in a defined area of Israel.

PMID- 6832949
TI  - Serial two-dimensional echocardiography in infective endocarditis of the pulmonic
      valve.
AB  - Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in a 15-yr-old patient following closure of
      a patent ductus arteriosus several weeks previously. Pulmonic valve vegetations
      were detected by both M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms. The serial
      echocardiographic examinations revealed the emergence of a vegetation on the
      pulmonic valve, a marked decrease in its size subsequent to pulmonary embolism,
      reemergence of a vegetation upon relapse of the disease and its resolution 4 mo
      later. The echocardiographic findings and their correlation to the various stages
      of the disease are described.

PMID- 6832952
TI  - Vascularized seromuscular patch for esophagus repair. An experimental study.

PMID- 6832953
TI  - Effect of Imuran on placental and fetal development in rats.

PMID- 6832954
TI  - Antenatal ultrasound appearance of megacystis microcolon intestinal
      hypoperistalsis syndrome.

PMID- 6832955
TI  - Portal vein calcification.

PMID- 6832958
TI  - Osteoporosis and seizures leading to central acetabular fracture dislocation.

PMID- 6832957
TI  - Systemic effects of intraarticular administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide.

PMID- 6832956
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of Caroli's disease.

PMID- 6832959
TI  - Uvulectomy.

PMID- 6832960
TI  - Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) release following acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine
      (AGEPC) infusion in the rabbit.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) into
      rabbits resulted in an AGEPC dose-dependent elevation of plasma thromboxane B2
      (TxB2) levels within 30 seconds. In contrast to AGEPC, the deacetylated
      derivative, lyso-GEPC (36.8 micrograms), did not increase intravascular TxB2
      levels when similarly infused into rabbits. Intravascular TxB2 levels were
      maximal at 60 seconds after the infusion of 0.61 micrograms AGEPC whereas at
      higher doses of AGEPC (1.21-2.4 micrograms), plasma TxB2 levels were maximally
      elevated within 30 seconds after initiation of AGEPC infusion. These acute
      increases in the intravascular levels of TxB2 were accompanied by the development
      of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and basopenia which occurred concomitantly with
      AGEPC dose-dependent elevations in the plasma levels of platelet factor 4.
      Elevations in the plasma TxB2 levels returned to pre-infusion levels within 10-20
      minutes after the initiation of AGEPC infusion. Thus, in vivo, one potent
      phospholipid, AGEPC, stimulates the production of another class of potent lipid
      mediators, the thromboxanes.

PMID- 6832962
TI  - In-flight transtelephonic electrocardiogram transmission.

PMID- 6832961
TI  - Intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of antitumor peptidomannan KS-2 after
      oral administration in rats.
AB  - A peptidomannan fraction designated as KS-2 was subjected for distribution study
      after oral administration. KS-2, exhibiting antitumor- and interferon-inducing
      action, was isolated from hot water extracts of mycelia of Basidiomycetes. For
      this purpose, KS-2 was labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The amount and
      location of the labelled KS-2 (F-KS) was determined quantitatively by
      fluorescence intensity, and the molecular sizes were estimated by the
      fluorescence polarization method. The present data indicated that F-KS, when
      given orally, was absorbed partially via portal vein and intestinal lymphatics
      into the general circulation with intact molecular size. Moreover, F-KS was
      recovered in urine with concomitant breakdown in molecular weight. Histological
      evaluation revealed that F-KS was accumulated in the mesenteric lymph nodes,
      Peyer's patches, spleen, liver, and kidneys. These findings provide evidence that
      the polysaccharide KS-2 becomes accessible to the immune tissues and the vascular
      system; thus it may exert potentiating activity of defense system.

PMID- 6832964
TI  - The effective application of contingency theory in health settings: problems and
      recommended solutions.
AB  - Contingency theory as a managerial perspective is conceptually elegant, but it
      may cause a number of unforeseen problems when applied in real work settings.
      Health care administrators can avoid many of these problems by using a hybrid
      contingency theory framework that blends the manager's own perceptions and
      experience with established contingency models.

PMID- 6832965
TI  - Hospital care confronts antitrust: a preventive care/audit approach to antitrust
      compliance.

PMID- 6832963
TI  - Comparison of methods to estimate fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 6832967
TI  - The management of surgical facilities in hospitals.
AB  - Hospitals are often faced with the problem of apparent inefficiency or
      ineffectiveness of operating room management. There can be many contributing
      factors, and a systematic approach is needed to solve this problem. The article
      delineates eight management components and suggests that implementation and
      continuous evaluation of these components will promote the efficient operation of
      surgical facilities.

PMID- 6832966
TI  - Voluntary hospitals.

PMID- 6832968
TI  - Managing the community hospital's reputation.
AB  - A hospital's reputation is important to its viability. That reputation should be
      planned and managed to the hospital's best advantage. A marketing model that
      delineates phases and steps has been developed to assist hospital management
      staff in enhancing their hospital's standing in the community.

PMID- 6832969
TI  - Quality assurance and data feedback.
AB  - Health care quality measurement and improvement are vital concerns of all health
      care managers. Data feedback is an emerging body of literature delineating
      principles designed to improve physician interest and cooperation in utilization
      of peer review activities.

PMID- 6832970
TI  - Specialty hospitals: the challenge of the 1980s.
AB  - Specialty care institutions will face many concerns during the remainder of this
      decade. Increased intermediary and community education, establishing reliable
      benchmarks, understanding and dealing with a competitive marketplace, and
      establishing improved professional productivity are some of the major challenges.

PMID- 6832971
TI  - The handmaiden revolt--the nursing staff crisis.

PMID- 6832972
TI  - The need for a hospital-based chemical dependency unit.

PMID- 6832973
TI  - Radiation hormesis, public health, and public policy: a commentary.
AB  - Public policy affecting public health regarding effects of low-level ionizing
      radiations has been, and is being, determined by effects estimates based on
      linear or other monotonic extrapolation from high-level radiation dose-response
      data to presumed ecologically realistic low-level exposure effects. Such
      predictive, unmeasured estimates are very possibly in serious error; they are
      incompatible with observed low-level dose-response data that indicate a negative
      correlation between low-level radiation data and health effects, such as cancer
      mortality rates. Observed negative correlations with low-level radiation data are
      to be expected on the basis of evidence supporting the validity of the hormesis
      phenomenon. Hormesis theory, derived in part from evolutionary biology, asserts
      that while high levels of exposure to an agent such as ionizing radiation are
      indeed hazardous, ecologically realistic low levels can be stimulatory and
      largely beneficial. Stimulation of activities of DNA and other repair mechanisms
      may be involved. Although evidence of the reality of radiation hormesis has been
      reported in about 1000 scientific publications over the last century, this effect
      has been largely unrecognized. Moreover, this widespread non-acceptance of
      hormesis as a real-world phenomenon is usually but not always present in the case
      of chemical hormesis; the oversight appears systematic. The ignoring of the
      hormesis phenomenon seems to constitute a very serious error in modern biomedical
      science and in preventive medicine. A mathematical model is offered that
      describes the general shape of certain dose-response functions when radiation
      hormesis at low-level exposure is taken into consideration along with the well
      known detrimental effects of high-level radiation.

PMID- 6832975
TI  - Effect of internal wall covers on radon emanation inside houses.
AB  - Most types of paint for the internal walls of houses will reduce radon emanation
      from building materials. At the same time, the effect of paint will increase the
      concentration of radon inside the material itself and will increase the radon
      emanation from unpainted areas. One type of wall paper contains 6 and 0.3 ppm of
      uranium in its decorated and undecorated surfaces, respectively, the colouring
      being the main source of uranium. Other wallpapers appear to be free from
      uranium. Wallpaper, gypsum and plaster may increase the radon activity inside
      houses depending on their radium contents.

PMID- 6832974
TI  - Human excretion patterns following occupational uptake of 3H-, 14C- and 35S
      labeled compounds.
AB  - Graphs of excretion patterns following occupational uptake of 3H, 14C and 35S
      labeled compounds in humans are presented. A brief description of New England
      Nuclear's bioassay program and analytical methods is given. One or two
      exponential regression curves are found to fit most sets of data. Exceptions
      where exponentials do not closely fit the data are discussed. Characteristic rate
      constants are estimated and used to establish retention equations. When groups of
      workers were exposed to the same source excretion parameters were not found to
      strongly correlate with weight or sex. Variations in individual excretion
      patterns following low level group exposure did not significantly effect
      individual dose commitment estimates. Excretion rates following uptake of 14C and
      3H labeled compounds were found to span three orders of magnitude. This indicates
      that health physicists may tend to dissipate resources in unnecessary
      investigations if conservative ICRP recommendations are assumed.

PMID- 6832976
TI  - Transport of radon through cracks in a concrete slab.
AB  - A model involving the use of line sources is developed to describe the transport
      of radon through the cracks or gaps which appear in concrete slabs used in
      building foundations. The strength of these sources is determined from the
      results of the diffusion model proposed by Landman in a previous work. Once the
      strength of the source is known, additional transport mechanisms can be treated
      in a simple manner. Pressure differences across the slab and in the underlying
      soil are discussed. The rate of exhalation through a portion of the cracked slab
      is determined and compared to the rate of exhalation from the same surface area
      of bare soil. In typical cases, their ratios vary from 0.25 to 0.50. Therefore,
      these transport mechanisms account for a larger portion of the levels of radon
      found in many houses than do previous models.

PMID- 6832977
TI  - On the effect of a negative ion-generator and a mixing fan on the plate-out of
      radon decay products in a radon box.
AB  - Studies have been conducted on the effect of a negative ion-generator and a
      mixing fan on the radon daughter Working Level produced in an environmental radon
      "box". A dramatic decrease in the Working Level has been observed when either the
      ion-generator or the mixing fan is operating. The combined effect of the ion
      generator and the mixing fan was substantially larger than that from either one
      of them alone. Experiments have been carried out over a wide range of relative
      humidity (45-95%) and at a temperature of 20 +/- 3 degrees C. The effects
      observed were nearly independent of relative humidity in the box. Preliminary
      experiments seem to indicate that the decrease in the Working Level is somewhat
      related to the possible build-up of electrostatic charge on the inner walls of
      the radon box. However, there is some difficulty in accepting charge build-up at
      high levels of relative humidity. To better understand the phenomena observed, a
      number of measurements are planned on the inner walls of the box. These include
      electrostatic charge, electric field, and measurement of alpha- and beta
      activity.

PMID- 6832978
TI  - The bias in radon daughter concentration estimates caused by concentration
      variations during sampling.

PMID- 6832979
TI  - Cs content of deer: Savannah River Plant vs South Carolina Coastal Plain herds.

PMID- 6832982
TI  - Regarding 'Genetic effects of the Atomic Bombs: a reappraisal' by Schull, et al.

PMID- 6832981
TI  - Kerma transmission through steel for a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam: an update.

PMID- 6832984
TI  - [Anesthesia procedures in catastrophy from the surgical viewpoint].

PMID- 6832980
TI  - Comparative disposition of inhaled 238Pu and 239Pu nitrates in beagles.

PMID- 6832983
TI  - [Local tissue burns. Consequences of thermosurgery].

PMID- 6832985
TI  - [Urgency in treatment of epidural hematomas].

PMID- 6832986
TI  - [Special problems with burns in the aged].

PMID- 6832987
TI  - [Delayed primary excision of burn defects after tanning treatment].

PMID- 6832988
TI  - [The value of fine needle biopsy for the diagnosis and therapeutic indication in
      anaplastic thyroid cancer and malignant hemangioendothelioma].

PMID- 6832989
TI  - [Value of palpation, cytology, mammography and drill biopsy in the clarification
      of suspicious breast nodules].

PMID- 6832990
TI  - [Surgical emergency treatment of massive hemoptysis].

PMID- 6832991
TI  - [Surgical therapy of lung metastases].

PMID- 6832992
TI  - [Carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia: differentiated shunt
      indication].

PMID- 6832993
TI  - [Indication and early results of carotid endarterectomy].

PMID- 6832995
TI  - [Inguinal infection after peripheral arterial vascular reconstruction].

PMID- 6832994
TI  - [The value of the femoro-crural bypass in the amputation threatened extremity].

PMID- 6832996
TI  - [Perfusion treatment of extremities in malignant melanoma. 9 year experience in
      134 patients].

PMID- 6832997
TI  - [Recurrence in sacral dermoid (sinusitis pilonidalis sacralis)].

PMID- 6832998
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis as acute, surgical problem].

PMID- 6832999
TI  - [Adductor insertion tendopathy, operative therapy and results].

PMID- 6833000
TI  - [Experiences with the movable cast in the after care of complex knee injuries].

PMID- 6833002
TI  - [Phytobezoar obstruction ileus after stomach operation].

PMID- 6833003
TI  - [Pylorus saving interventions in stenosis, hemorrhage and perforation of duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 6833001
TI  - [Treatment of osteomyelitis with resorbable, antiseptic gel].

PMID- 6833004
TI  - Uptake of [35S]sulphate in human colonic mucosa associated with carcinoma: an
      autoradiographic analysis at the ultrastructural level.
AB  - The uptake of [35S]sodium sulphate, as a sulphomucin precursor, was studied at
      the ultrastructural level as part of our investigation into alterations in
      glycoprotein synthesis occurring in colonic mucosa adjacent to carcinoma
      ('transitional' mucosa). The sulphate labelling was analysed statistically after
      incorporation and pulse labelling studies to show the amount of uptake into
      cellular organelles and the rate of transport through the cells. Uptake studies
      showed the following changes in the 'transitional' mucosa as compared with normal
      mucosa. (1) In the middle crypt, sulphate incorporation from the Golgi apparatus
      into the mucin droplets of the goblet cells was reduced in contrast with an
      increased uptake into the vesicles of the absorptive and 'intermediate' cells.
      (2) In the upper crypt, more sulphate was incorporated in the goblet cells. These
      results correlate well with previous histochemical findings of a larger
      proportion of sulphomucins in the vesicles of columnar cells and a predominance
      of sialomucins in the goblet cells in the colonic mucosa associated with
      carcinoma. The pulse labelling studies revealed that in the middle crypt region
      of the 'transitional' mucosa, the rate of movement of label was faster through
      the Golgi body but less labelling was reaching the mucin droplets. The data
      suggest that either an inadequate supply of acceptor molecules was available at
      the Golgi level or a blockage in the attachment mechanism of the free sulphate to
      the completing glycoproteins was occurring at this level. Alternatively both
      mechanisms may be operating simultaneously.

PMID- 6833006
TI  - Oral nutrition of cancer patients.

PMID- 6833005
TI  - Concanavalin A receptors and capping in control and activated macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages activated in vivo with Corynebacterium parvum and asbestos showed an
      increased sub-population of cells which capped spontaneously on incubation with
      fluoresceinated Concanavalin A compared to saline-induced control macrophages.
      This capping was unaffected by colchicine but was inhibited by cytochalasin B.
      The spontaneous capping of activated macrophages did not appear to be directly
      related to the total number of Concanavalin A receptors as measured by specific
      125I-labelled Concanavalin A binding to activated and control macrophages.
      Capping also did not appear to be related to the position of Concanavalin A
      receptors as judged by trypsin accessibility of bound 125I-labelled Concanavalin
      A.

PMID- 6833007
TI  - Neonatal aseptic cardiac valvular thrombosis--an evolving syndrome: report of
      case.

PMID- 6833008
TI  - The duplicate appendix: report of a case.

PMID- 6833010
TI  - Idiopathic autoimmune neutropenia: report of a case.

PMID- 6833009
TI  - Primary bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma presenting as an acute abdomen:
      report of case.

PMID- 6833011
TI  - Pancreatic abscess with a profound leukemoid reaction: report of case.

PMID- 6833012
TI  - Condylomata acuminatum in the prepubescent child: report of case.

PMID- 6833013
TI  - Cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell anemia: report of a case.

PMID- 6833014
TI  - Accelerated fractionation vs hyperfractionation: rationales for several
      treatments per day.
AB  - Treatment with several doses per day offers the prospect of a significant
      therapeutic gain using readily available low LET beams. These regimens can be
      classified as either accelerated fractionation or hyperfractionation according to
      their rationales. With accelerated fractionation a conventional number of dose
      fractions is delivered in a significantly shortened overall treatment time in
      order to reduce the opportunity for tumor cell regeneration during treatment.
      With hyperfractionation, on the other hand, a large number of significantly
      reduced dose fractions is used to give a greater total dose in a conventional
      overall treatment time. The rationale for this strategy is threefold: 1)
      increased opportunity for tumor cell redistribution and reoxygenation between
      dose fractions: 2) a possibly lower oxygen enhancement ratio with small
      incremental doses; and 3) different sparing of late reacting normal tissues with
      small dose fractions. A review of the published clinical experience with multiple
      fractions per day treatment reveals few studies of either pure accelerated
      fractionation or hyperfractionation since both are limited by acute normal tissue
      reactions. This has led to a variety of hybrid regimens, some of which have no
      clear rationale. The choice between accelerated fractionation and
      hyperfractionation is determined by the regenerative capability of tumor
      clonogens during treatment. A method of selection based on potential doubling
      times is presented.

PMID- 6833015
TI  - Radiation therapy of carcinoma of the tonsillar region.
AB  - From 1960 through 1976, 353 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the tonsillar
      region were primarily treated with radiation therapy. The mean age of patients
      was 58 years with males predominating (78%). Patients were classified according
      to a TNM and stage classification. Most of the tumors were large, and the
      specific site of origin could not be determined in 33% of the patients. The
      predominant identifiable sites were the soft palate and uvula, 18%, the anterior
      tonsillar pillar, 18%, and the tonsillar fossa, 13%. Patients were treated with
      radiation to doses of 6700 rad given in 48 days and 33 fractions using Cobalt 60
      radiation. We found a 91.7% control rate for patients with T1 disease and 76.9%,
      49.5%, and 25% for T2, T3, and T4 patients, respectively. The overall local
      control rate was 62.3%. Surgery was used most often in recurrences for Stage III
      patients. Salvage surgery was carried out in 93 patients. Surgery was more
      successful in controlling the disease in patients in whom the primary was
      controlled by irradiation. Overall, the tumors in 43% of the patients who had
      surgery were subsequently controlled as a result of this treatment. Metastasis
      occurred rapidly, with 75 of the patients exhibiting metastases by 18 months.
      Complications were not related to dose but were slightly higher in patients who
      had surgery (5%). We conclude that radiation therapy is the preferred treatment
      for Stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region. No
      satisfactory results were obtained in Stage IV; other approaches should be tried.

PMID- 6833016
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervical stump: comparison of radiation therapy factors,
      survival and patterns of failure with carcinoma of the intact uterus.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the cervical
      stump were seen at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1953 through 1977. This
      represented 9.4% of the carcinomas of the cervix seen during this time period.
      Eighty-five of the 89 patients (95.5%) had "true" cancers of the cervical stump
      diagnosed 2 years or more after subtotal hysterectomy, while 4 of the 89 patients
      (4.5%) had "coincident" cancers diagnosed within 2 years of the subtotal
      hysterectomy. All cervical cancers were staged by the F.I.G.O. classification.
      Patient characteristics, methods of management, failure sites and survival of
      patients with carcinoma of the cervical stump were compared to those patients
      with carcinoma in the intact uterus. Patients with cervical stump cancers were
      treated in a similar manner to those with carcinomas of the intact uterus, using
      a combination of external beam irradiation and intracavitary radium. The stump
      cancer patients had a similar stage distribution to the patients with cancers of
      the intact uterus but, on the average, they were older and received less
      irradiation. The patterns of failure were similar on a stage for stage basis, but
      the survival and disease-free survival for stump cancer patients were superior to
      those of the patients with carcinoma of the intact uterus. The 5-year disease
      free survival rates according to stage for the patients with carcinoma of the
      cervical stump were: 83.8% for Stage I, 77.6% for Stage II, 51.0% for Stage III,
      and 37.1% for Stage IV; compared with 84.2%, 60.9%, 30.1% and 18.3% for the
      intact uterus in the same stages.

PMID- 6833017
TI  - Medullary thyroid carcinoma: prognostic factors and treatment.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have been treated at
      Institut Gustave-Roussy from 1932 to 1979. Of these, 13 patients had distant
      metastases and received palliative treatment, their median survival was 3 years.
      Sixty-two patients with MTC limited to the neck received curative treatment; 6
      had exclusive external radiotherapy for inoperable disease and 56 were surgically
      treated: 23 by total thyroidectomy and 33 by partial thyroidectomy. After surgery
      29 patients received external radiotherapy for cervical lymph node involvement
      (25/29) and/or incomplete surgical resection (12/27). The survival rate was 69%
      at 5 years and 48% at 10 years. It was lower in patients with distant metastases
      at presentation (p less than 10(-5)), with tumoral infiltration of the posterior
      tissue planes (p less than 0.025) and in patients in whom surgical excision had
      not been satisfactory (p less than 0.01). It was not correlated with cervical
      lymph node involvement probably because those patients with lymph node
      involvement had been irradiated. The 29 patients who received post-operative
      cervical radiotherapy had initially more extensive local disease (p less than
      0.05) than the 27 patients treated by surgery alone, nevertheless their survival
      was slightly higher. No difference in survival rate was observed between patients
      treated by total thyroidectomy or partial thyroidectomy, among whom only 4 local
      recurrences occurred. Three of the 6 patients treated with external radiotherapy
      alone experienced long survival (4, 7 and 10 years) and a fourth is still in
      clinical remission 4 years after treatment. The effectiveness of chemotherapy in
      patients with metastases was poor, only one patient out of 6 had a partial
      remission following a treatment by adriamycin. In the familial form and multiple
      endocrine neoplasia type II, total thyroidectomy appears to be indicated. In the
      sporadic cases, partial thyroidectomy is usually sufficient. External
      radiotherapy is effective in MTC and seems to be able to eradicate small foci of
      residual tumor; it is indicated when surgical excision is impossible or
      incomplete.

PMID- 6833018
TI  - Childhood craniopharyngioma: survival, local control, endocrine and neurologic
      function following radiotherapy.
AB  - Between 1961 and 1978, 19 patients with a diagnosis of childhood or teenage
      craniopharyngioma received supervoltage radiotherapy. All patients had previously
      undergone either partial surgical resection (10 patients), total gross resection
      (3 patients), or aspiration and biopsy (6 patients). Fourteen patients were
      treated primarily and five were treated for recurrence. The five-year survival
      was 73% with a 10-year survival of 64%. Sixteen percent developed a recurrence
      following radiotherapy. Long term effects were assessed in terms of neurologic,
      intellectual, psychological and endocrine function. Seventy-nine percent had none
      or minimal neurologic disability. The mean full scale IQ for the group was 90.
      There were no additional endocrine deficiencies that could be directly attributed
      to radiation. Behavioral disorders occurred in 50%. These results are at least
      comparable, if not superior, to those of surgery.

PMID- 6833019
TI  - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder category T3NxMo treated by the combination of
      radium implant and external irradiation: second report.
AB  - Forty-one patients with bladder cancer, T3NxMo, with a diameter not exceeding 5
      cm, were treated by 3 times 350 rad external irradiation, radium implant at
      reduced dose, and an additional 3000 rad external irradiation ("Radium 55%").
      Survival is excellent where there is a high or medium degree of differentiation
      without vascular invasion in the biopsy specimen; prognosis is poor if a low
      degree of differentiation is combined with vascular invasion. The future
      therapeutic approach will be adapted to this finding.

PMID- 6833020
TI  - The significance of extension and impaired mobility in cancer of the vocal cord.
AB  - The criteria for T2 glottic cancer staging in the UICC classification are
      extension to the supra- or subglottic region combined or not with impaired
      mobility of the vocal cord. The prognostic significance of these factors is
      examined in this study. Patients with T2A lesions (normal mobility, 33 patients)
      have an uncorrected actuarial 5 year survival of 54%, and a local control rate
      with radiotherapy alone of 62%. Patients with T2B lesions (impaired mobility, 28
      patients) have a survival of 40% and a local control rate of 65% with radiation
      only. After rescue surgery, local control is obtained in 81% of T2A patients and
      68% of T2B patients. While local control rates with radiotherapy alone were the
      same in T2A and T2B patients, final survival was lower for T2B patients because
      of less successful salvage surgery. While no significant differences in local
      control were found for different mucosal spread patterns, local control was
      excellent (87%) with radiotherapy alone in eight patients with mobility
      impairment without extension beyond the true cord, indicating that impaired
      mobility by itself is not a bad prognostic factor, but only when it is combined
      with tumor extension. In 9 patients with T2B tumors, a laryngectomy was performed
      immediately after initial radiotherapy (40 or 50 Gy) when the tumor persisted or
      the vocal cord mobility did not return to normal. None of these patients had a
      local recurrence after surgery. The total local control in all 37 T2B patients
      together was 78% (compared with 81% in T2A patients). The adverse prognostic
      influence of impaired mobility seems to have been eliminated by the treatment
      policy of surgery for those patients with poor regressions after radiotherapy. A
      dose-response relation can not be demonstrated in T2 glottic cancer for the dose
      range between 50 and 70 Gy.

PMID- 6833021
TI  - Colestipol hydrochloride prophylaxis of diarrhea during pelvic radiotherapy.
AB  - Thirty-three patients were randomized prior to pelvic radiotherapy to receive the
      bile acid-sequestering resin colestipol hydrochloride, 5 grams qid, during the
      entire time of their therapy or diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate
      2.5-20 mg per day (control) if they experienced diarrhea. The colestipol patients
      also took diphenoxylate if they had diarrhea. The patients in the colestipol
      group often experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps and 8 were forced
      to discontinue the drug. There was no difference in the weekly stool frequency
      between the colestipol and the control patients but the colestipol patients who
      took at least 50% of the prescribed dose required fewer diphenoxylate tablets
      than the controls. The data suggest that colestipol hydrochloride is not of value
      in preventing radiation-induced diarrhea because of the side effects associated
      with the drug, but the theory on which the use of bile acid-sequestering agents
      is based may be correct.

PMID- 6833022
TI  - Intercellular contact and the radiation response of cells of human melanoma
      xenografts.
AB  - Cells from two human melanoma xenografts (E.E. and V.N.) were irradiated at
      various times up to 24 hours after dispersion of the tumors. The surviving
      fraction for cells exposed to 5.0 (E.E.) and 4.0 Gy (V.N.) did not change with
      time, and was not significantly different for cells kept at 4 degrees C and 37
      degrees C in the time interval between tumor dispersion and irradiation. The
      complete survival curves for cells irradiated 1.5, 6, 12, and 24 hours (E.E.) and
      1.5, 6, and 18 hours (V.N.) after tumor dispersion were not significantly
      different. It is concluded that an intercellular contact effect similar to that
      reported for V79 Chinese hamster spheroids and murine KHT sarcomas is not present
      for E.E. and V.N. human melanoma xenografts.

PMID- 6833023
TI  - Change in the in vivo hyperthermic response resulting from the metabolic effects
      of temporary vascular occlusion.
AB  - Previous workers have reported that clamping of animal tumors in vivo enhanced
      the effect of hyperthermia; the enhancement has been attributed to pH and
      nutritional effects of vascular occlusion. It has not been clear, however, the
      degree to which improved heating patterns or effects on the tumor cells and
      vasculature from the clamping procedure itself might have contributed to the
      observed effect. In the experiments herein reported, care was taken to insure
      comparable heating of C3H mouse mammary tumors transplanted on the flank whether
      clamped or unclamped. Clamping for one hour with hyperthermia during the final 30
      minutes caused a marked thermosensitization as measured by tumor control. The
      temperature at 30 minutes heating to control 50% of the tumors for 120 days (TCT
      50-120) was reduced from 46.8 degrees C in controls to 43.5 degrees C in clamped
      tumors, a difference of 3.3 +/- 0.09 degrees C. No cytotoxicity from the clamping
      alone was evident by assessment of subsequent tumor growth and no lasting
      vascular effects could be detected by 133Xe washout and tumor growth. Since the
      techniques used produced essentially identical heating patterns, we conclude that
      the striking enhancement in hyperthermic response in clamped tumors can be
      attributed to the metabolic consequences of temporary vascular occlusion.

PMID- 6833026
TI  - Iso-effect tables for tolerance of irradiated normal human tissues.
AB  - Available literature on radiation injury to human tissues (lung, brain, kidney
      and intestine) was surveyed. A parameter search program (RAD3) was used to derive
      best-fitting cell kinetic parameters, on the assumption that radiation injury
      arises from depletion of parenchymal cells in the irradiated organs. From these
      parameters iso-effect tables were constructed for a wide range of treatment
      schedules, including daily treatment as well as fractionation at longer
      intervals, for each tissue. The tables provide a set of limiting doses, above
      which the risk of radiation injury becomes substantial. Tolerance limits and dose
      time-factors were substantially different in the four tissues. It is concluded
      that computed iso-effect tables provide a more reliable guide to treatment than
      conventional time-dose equations.

PMID- 6833025
TI  - The effects of anesthetics and misonidazole on the development of radiation
      induced lung damage in mice.
AB  - The measurement of breathing frequency as a functional end-point of radiation
      induced lung injury in mice allowed two phases of damage to be discerned; the
      first was manifest at 12-20 weeks after irradiation, the second beyond 28 weeks.
      Anesthesia by pentobarbitone sodium or steroids gave significant radioprotection
      of the lung during the early pneumonitic phase. Addition of the hypoxic cell
      sensitizer misonidazole removed the protective influence of the anesthetics but
      did not sensitize the lungs of unanesthetized mice. No anesthetic protection was
      detected for the late response, showing evidence for dissociation between early
      and late lung damage. The degree of epilation was measured on the dorsal thoracic
      region of the same mice. Protection by anesthetics and its reversal by
      misonidazole was also demonstrated. These results provide a warning of potential
      hazards in the laboratory evaluation of chemical radiosensitizers. The use of
      anesthetics at the time of irradiation could lead to an exaggerated enhancement
      of normal tissue damage.

PMID- 6833027
TI  - Technique to maintain separation of mandibular loops in interstitial implantation
      of head and neck tumors.
AB  - Cancers of the floor of the mouth and lower gingiva are treated by an approach
      combining external radiation treatment and interstitial implant with Iridium-192
      radioisotopes. One technique to administer the dose to these areas is a "loop"
      technique. A major problem in edentulous patients is that the plastic loops
      housing the Iridium-192 sources slide out of place along the gum, resulting in
      loss of ideal spacing. When this occurs, dosimetry for the implant generated from
      localization films prior to loading does not reflect the distribution of dose
      delivered. To overcome this problem, we have devised polytetrafluoroethylene
      (PTFE) spacers which, when used between the loops, maintains their correct
      spacing. An implant technique and the spacers will be described.

PMID- 6833024
TI  - Response of fibrosarcoma cell subpopulations to small doses of radiation
      delivered in situ.
AB  - The survival of cells from 2 tumor subpopulations after gamma-ray doses ranging
      from 1 to 19 Gy was determined using a lung colony assay. Methylcholanthrene
      induced fibrosarcomas grown in the hind legs of C3H/Kam pathogen-free mice were
      irradiated in situ when the tumors were 8-10 mm in diameter. Single cell
      suspensions prepared from excised tumors were separated on a linear density
      gradient, and the clonogenicity of predominantly oxic Band 2 (density 1.08 g/cm3)
      and predominantly hypoxic Band 4 (density 1.14 gm/cm3) cells was measured. The
      surviving fraction of cells after doses of 1, 2, and 3 Gy was estimated from that
      measured after total doses of 5 Gy = 5 X 1 Gy, 10 Gy = 5 X 2 Gy, and 15 Gy = 5 X
      3 Gy, under the assumption of equal effect per fraction (checked by estimating
      survival at 3 Gy after different numbers of fractions). Very little curvature was
      evident in the survival curves of Band 2 and Band 4 cells (beta/alpha = .013-.034
      Gy-1). The initial segment of the survival curve of the predominantly oxic Band 2
      cells was steeper (1Do = 3.6 Gy) than that of the predominantly hypoxic Band 4
      cells (1Do = 5.2 Gy); both remained linear over a large range, to doses in excess
      of 3 Gy. These results imply that these tumor subpopulations will be insensitive,
      in their response to multifractionated regimens, to changes in size of dose per
      fraction in the range 0 to 3 Gy, a trait shared by two acutely responding normal
      tissues (murine testis and jejunum).

PMID- 6833028
TI  - A technique for field matching in primary breast irradiation.
AB  - The intrinsic divergence of photon beams presents serious matching problems in
      three-field treatment of the breast and the adjoining supraclavicular area. A
      method is presented in which appropriate beam blocking combined with suitable
      isocentric rotation of the treatment couch neutralize the affects of divergence
      so that proper matching is achieved at all depths. The geometric principles and
      the set-up procedures are discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 6833030
TI  - Effects of the Clara cell toxin, 4-ipomeanol, on pulmonary function in rats.
AB  - The naturally occurring compound, 4-ipomeanol (IPO, 1-[3-furyl]-4-hydroxy-1
      pentanone), selectively damages the nonciliated epithelial (Clara) cells of the
      terminal bronchioles. Because information is not available concerning functional
      changes in IPO-treated lungs, an investigation was undertaken to evaluate the in
      vivo pulmonary ventilatory, mechanical, and gas exchange functions of female Long
      Evans rats 24 h after treatment with a single intraperitoneal dose of 1 or 5 mg
      IPO/kg body wt. A preliminary toxicity study established the 24-h LD50 for
      intraperitoneally administered IPO at 19 +/- 3 (SD) mg/kg. Significant increases
      in lung fluid occurred in animals treated with 15 mg IPO/kg, and histological
      evidence of pulmonary edema was observed in animals treated with 10 mg IPO/kg.
      Treatment of rats with 5 mg IPO/kg caused a significant decrease in tidal volume
      and a significant increase in respiratory rate and functional residual capacity
      to-total lung capacity ratio (%). In rats treated with 1 mg IPO/kg, pulmonary
      functions were minimally affected. The functional changes observed in IPO-treated
      animals can be attributed to swelling and possible dysfunction of Clara cells,
      with subsequent alveolar interstitial edema and stimulation of juxtapulmonary
      capillary receptors, or to a direct effect of the toxin on respiratory control
      mechanisms.

PMID- 6833029
TI  - Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implications.
AB  - Recent evidence demonstrates that the conditioning of inspired air is not
      confined to the upper airways as formerly thought but rather involves as much of
      the tracheobronchial tree as necessary to complete the process. As the need to
      condition more air is increased by raising ventilation and/or lowering inspired
      temperature (and so water content), the point at which the inspirate reaches body
      conditions moves progressively deeper into the lungs, and under extreme
      conditions thermal transfers can be measured in airways less than 2 mm in
      diameter. The decrease in airway temperature that develops from the movement of
      heat and water from the mucosa during inspiration not only facilitates recovery
      during expiration by reversing the thermal gradients, but it may also produce
      airway obstruction in susceptible individuals by an as yet undefined mechanism.
      Respiratory heat exchange may also interact with airway secretory processes and
      mucociliary transport mechanisms and may help regulate bronchial blood supply.

PMID- 6833031
TI  - Airway smooth muscle mechanics: reduced activation and relaxation.
AB  - Reduced activation of skeletal muscle fibers at below-optimal lengths has been
      reported before. We studied tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) as a model of airway
      smooth muscle to see whether such a phenomenon existed in smooth muscle also; we
      found that active length-tension curves at normal and raised Ca2+ concentrations
      were significantly different. This indicated reduced activation of the TSM at
      below-optimal lengths. This reduction was in addition to that arising from the
      length-tension effect. We also studied the mechanics of relaxation in TSM and
      noted that in afterloaded isotonic tension records the time course of TSM
      relaxation appeared to closely follow that of the isometric contraction at all
      loads. In this it differed markedly from relaxation in skeletal muscle where the
      time courses of relaxation at different loads differed from each other and from
      that of the isometric muscle.

PMID- 6833032
TI  - Human frontal sweat rate and lactate concentration during heat exposure and
      exercise.
AB  - Output (Qsweat) and lactate concentration ( [L]sweat) in frontal sweat and blood
      lactate concentration ( [L]blood) were monitored in three male volunteers: one
      sedentary (S), one fit (F), and one very fit (VF). Measurements were made under
      three sweating conditions: 1) heat exposure to infrared radiation (IR) at rest
      for 25 min at 45 degrees C; 2) bicycle exercise at constant relative maximal
      aerobic power (87 +/- 2% MAP) for 25 min (Cst EX) at 23 degrees C; and 3) bicycle
      exercise at increasing work loads (from 60-95% MAP) in four or five successive 5
      min steps (Incr EX) at 23 degrees C. Comparison of these data showed that under
      the above three conditions 1) Qsweat of S was lower than that of F and VF; and 2)
      changes in [L]sweat were different: in IR and Cst EX, [L]blood remained constant,
      and [L]sweat decreased with heat load duration similarly in the three subjects
      (the slopes of the two curves were not significantly different); at Incr Ex,
      [L]blood increased and [L]sweat remained constant in S, F, and VF (21.71 +/-
      0.85, 16.75 +/- 0.99, 12.83 +/- 0.45 (SE) mM, respectively). It was suggested
      that the high [L]blood and increased adrenergic stimulation observed in Incr Ex
      could act on [L]sweat in relation to the physical fitness level.

PMID- 6833033
TI  - Regional gas distributions and single-breath washout curves in head-down
      position.
AB  - Regional distributions of inspired 133Xe and single-breath washout curves were
      compared in six young healthy subjects for the upright and the head-down
      positions. The regional distributions of volumes (at 0, 25, 50, and 75% vital
      capacity, VC) and of 133Xe boluses inhaled at residual volume (RV) were inverted
      in the head-down position, thus behaving as if they were determined by gravity
      acting via the weight of the lung rather than by thoracicoabdominal shape
      adaptations. Nevertheless no mirror image was obtained. The vertical differences
      in regional distribution of the 133Xe RV bolus and of the volumes at 25% VC were
      increased in the head-down position, whereas the vertical difference in volumes
      at RV was decreased, indicating enhanced air trapping and sequential ventilation
      at low volumes. This was attributed to the effect of the increased pulmonary
      blood volume in the head-down posture. Accordingly the size of phase IV on the
      washout curves with the SF6-bolus as well as with the N2-resident gas method was
      increased in the head-down position.

PMID- 6833034
TI  - Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on neuromuscular power and body
      composition.
AB  - The effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on neuromuscular power and body
      composition were studied in nine volunteers experienced with progressive
      resistance weight training. By use of double-blind procedures, testosterone
      cypionate, nandrolone decanoate, and sesame oil (placebo) were administered in a
      repeated-measures design that counterbalanced treatment order. Duration of each
      treatment condition was 3 wk. Supplemental protein was provided, and dietary
      records were maintained throughout the study. Subjects were trained with
      progressive-resistance weight-training exercises. Isokinetic dynamometer testing
      revealed that peak torque output was not significantly changed between treatments
      in 7 out of 10 isolated-joint actions. The hydrostatic weighing results revealed
      insignificant differences in lean body mass and percent body fat. Significant
      changes in some treatment means of three peak torque output tests were
      insufficient to identify any consistent treatment alterations. Since protein and
      caloric intake was sufficient to elicit anabolic effects from the steroid
      treatments and weight-training program, the lack of significant results could not
      be attributed to dietary considerations. Subjects reported subjective feelings of
      increased strength after administration of anabolic agents, which may partially
      account for their widespread use. In conclusion, anabolic steroids did not
      substantially change body composition or the objective power measurements used in
      this study.

PMID- 6833035
TI  - Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to He-O2 breathing during exercise.

PMID- 6833036
TI  - Production of pharmacologic monodisperse aerosols.
AB  - Monodisperse aerosols containing a range of chemical material, including
      pharmacologically active substances, were produced by using a modified Sinclair
      LaMer condensation generator. Instead of the usual hot-wire technique, an
      ultrasonic nebulizer was used to suspend nuclei in the gas phase as an aqueous
      polydisperse aerosol. This technique allowed the generation of monodisperse oil
      (sebacate) aerosols containing nuclei of sodium chloride, histamine,
      methacholine, antigen, iron oxide, methylene blue, uranine, radioactive
      technetium pertechnetate, and technetium-labeled human serum albumin.
      Quantitative agonist activity was demonstrated for each active nucleus. Particle
      sizes ranged from 0.65 to 3 microns, with a geometric standard deviation of 1.1
      1.2. This system can produce a stable, monodisperse, biologically active
      radiolabeled aerosol for a period of several hours.

PMID- 6833038
TI  - Decay of inspiratory muscle pressure during expiration in anesthetized cats.
AB  - In six spontaneously breathing anesthetized cats (pentobarbital sodium, 35 mg/kg)
      we studied the antagonistic pressure developed by the inspiratory muscles during
      expiration (PmusI). This was accomplished in two ways: 1) with our previously
      reported method (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 52: 1266
      1271, 1982) based on the measurement of changes in lung volume and airflow during
      spontaneous expiration, together with determination of the total passive
      respiratory system elastance and resistance; and 2) measurement of the time
      course of changes in tracheal/pressure after airway occlusion at end inspiration,
      up to the moment when the inspiratory muscles become completely relaxed. The
      agreement between the two methods is generally good, both in the amplitude of
      PmusI and in its time course. We also applied the first method to spontaneous
      expirations through added linear resistive loads. These did not alter the
      relative decay of PmusI. Thus in anesthetized cats the braking action of the
      inspiratory muscles does not decrease when expiratory resistive loads are added,
      i.e., when such braking is clearly not required.

PMID- 6833039
TI  - Drinking and water balance during exercise and heat acclimation.

PMID- 6833037
TI  - Sinoaortic contribution to ventilatory control in exercising dogs.
AB  - The role of the sinoaortic reflexes in the regulation of ventilation during
      exercise was evaluated in seven awake dogs prepared with chronic tracheostomies
      and arterial catheters. Each dog ran on a treadmill at several work loads before
      and after sinoaortic denervation and served as its own control. Minute
      ventilation in the sinoaortic denervated state was significantly reduced from
      intact values by 10-40% at the mild and moderate levels of exercise [O2 uptake
      (VO2) = 30-50 ml . kg-1 . min-1] mainly as a result of a lowering respiratory
      frequency. At higher work loads (VO2 = 70-80 ml . kg-1 . min-1) minute
      ventilation was similar in the intact and denervated states, but the pattern of
      ventilation was altered with a higher frequency and a lower tidal volume in the
      denervated state. The rise in ventilation toward a stable plateau was slower at
      all work loads in the denervated than in the intact state. After sinoaortic
      denervation, arterial PCO2(PaCO2) levels were significantly elevated above intact
      PaCO2 levels during both the preexercise period and the steady state at all
      exercise levels. These results suggest that the sinoaortic reflexes contribute to
      both the control of ventilation and the pattern of breathing during mild and
      heavy levels of exercise in the conscious dog.

PMID- 6833040
TI  - Increased cardiovascular response to static contraction of larger muscle groups.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the size of the
      active muscle mass on the cardiovascular response to static contraction. Twelve
      male subjects performed one-arm handgrip (HG), two-leg extension (LE), and a
      "dead-lift" maneuver (DL) in a randomly assigned order for 3 min at 30% of
      maximal voluntary contraction. O2 uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and mean intra
      arterial blood pressure (MABP) were measured at rest and, in addition to absolute
      tension exerted, throughout contraction. There was a direct relationship between
      the size of the active muscle mass and the magnitude of the increases in VO2, HR,
      and MABP, even though all contractions were performed at the same relative
      intensity. Tension, VO2, HR, and MABP increased progressively from HG to LE to
      DL. It was concluded that at the same percentage of maximal voluntary
      contraction, the magnitude of the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise
      is directly influenced by the size of the contracting muscle mass.

PMID- 6833041
TI  - Tissue ammonia and amino acids in rats at various oxygen pressures.
AB  - The amino acid and ammonia profiles in various tissues of the rat exposed to
      different pressures of pure oxygen have been studied. Well-defined changes in
      behavioral activity accompanied a profile of increasing pressure, culminating in
      convulsive activity in each group of exposed animals. After an initial depression
      of ammonia, in all tissues studied at 0.68 atm oxygen ammonia increased
      significantly at higher oxygen pressures. A rise in tissue ammonia took place in
      the absence of undue muscular activity on the part of the exposed animals. A
      significant increase in ammonia occurred first in brain and liver at 3.40 atm.
      Ammonia concentration was high in all tissues after convulsions occurred at 4.08
      atm. Between 0.68 and 2.72 atm oxygen, tissue ammonia concentration was generally
      low and brain glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid were high. At pressures
      higher than 2.72 atm oxygen, tissue glutamate declined and glutamine increased.
      Alanine became significantly elevated in serum and muscle at high oxygen
      pressure, and aspartate was depressed in heart, liver, and muscle. These pressure
      course experiments on ammonia accumulation in tissue confirm previous serial time
      course observations that ammonia accumulates in the brain and several tissues of
      the rat even in the absence of undue muscular activity during high-pressure
      oxygen exposure and is a significant factor in inducing convulsions.

PMID- 6833042
TI  - Role of chemical afferents in the maintenance of rhythmic respiratory movements.
AB  - In seven anesthetized cats central chemosensitivity was eliminated (cold block)
      and peripheral chemoreceptors were either stimulated or eliminated (sectioned) to
      test whether nonchemical vagal afferents can maintain rhythmic ventilation and to
      determine the relative contribution of the carotid and aortic chemoreceptors to
      ventilatory drive without central chemosensitivity. Elimination of all chemical
      afferents invariably induced apnea, whereas ventilation was reduced from 533 to
      159 ml X min-1 during cold block of central chemosensitivity and to 478 ml X min
      1 after sectioning both sinus nerves. Cold block with only the aortic
      chemoreceptors and vagal afferents intact produced apnea in four of six cases
      tested. Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors during cold block remained
      effective and interrupted apnea in three of the four cats with only aortic
      chemoreceptors intact. We conclude that the nonchemical vagal respiratory
      afferents alone are unable to maintain rhythmic ventilation. Respiratory rhythm
      generation is, under the conditions of our experiments, critically dependent on
      sufficient afferent input from chemical afferents. Of these, central
      chemosensitivity plays the major role, followed by carotid body and, least
      importantly, by aortic afferents.

PMID- 6833044
TI  - Effect of glycogen depletion on the ventilatory response to exercise.
AB  - Five male subjects performed two graded exercise studies, one during control
      conditions and the other after reduction of muscle glycogen content by repeated
      maximum exercise and a high fat-protein diet. Reduction in preexercise muscle
      glycogen from 59.1 to 17.1 mumol X g-1 (n = 3) was associated with a 14%
      reduction in maximum power output but no change in maximum O2 intake; at any
      given power output O2 intake, heart rate, and ventilation (VE) were significantly
      higher, CO2 output (VCO2) was similar, and the respiratory exchange ratio was
      lower during glycogen depletion compared with control. The higher VE during
      glycogen depletion was associated with a higher VE/VCO2 ratio, lower end-tidal
      and mixed venous CO2 partial pressures, and higher blood pH than in the control
      studies. Changes in exercise VE accompanying glycogen depletion were not
      explained by changes in CO2 flux to the lungs suggesting that other factors
      served to modulate VE in these experimental conditions.

PMID- 6833043
TI  - Diaphragmatic contractility enhanced by aminophylline: role of extracellular
      calcium.
AB  - We have studied the effects of aminophylline on diaphragmatic contractility in 12
      anesthetized dogs. The phrenic nerves were stimulated supramaximally (20 Hz, 0.1
      ms) with electrodes placed around the fifth roots, and the transdiaphragmatic
      pressure (Pdi) generated at functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured with
      balloon catheters. Constancy of FRC was monitored by measuring the end-expiratory
      transpulmonary pressure, the dogs being occluded at FRC before the stimulations.
      The electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) during the stimulations was
      recorded with electrodes inserted in both hemidiaphragms. Phrenic stimulations
      during an infusion of aminophylline (10 mg/kg in 5 min) increased Pdi by 25 +/-
      8% of control values, whereas the Edi remained unchanged. This potentiating
      effect of aminophylline was abolished when an identical dose was injected during
      a continuous infusion of a calcium blocker (verapamil, 0.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1).
      Infusion of another methylxanthine compound, caffeine (10 mg/kg), also increased
      Pdi for an identical electrical phrenic nerve stimulation by 21 +/- 6% compared
      with control values. However, the potentiating effect of caffeine was not
      abolished by verapamil. We conclude that aminophylline in vivo increases
      diaphragmatic contractility and that extracellular calcium is necessary for this
      action, a mechanism not shared by another methylxanthine compound, caffeine.

PMID- 6833046
TI  - Phrenic activity and intercostal muscle emg during inspiratory loading in newborn
      kittens.
AB  - The effects of airway occlusions at functional residual capacity (FRC) on both
      "integrated" phrenic activity (Phr) and intercostal muscle electromyogram
      (intEMG) were studied in intact and vagotomized spontaneously breathing kittens
      during the 1st wk of life. Animals were anesthetized im with a mixture of
      ketamine (30 mg/kg) and acepromazine (1.1 mg/kg). In the intact kittens,
      inspiratory loading led to a significant increase in peak amplitudes of both Phr
      and intEMG and prolongation of inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) times. Mean
      values of rate of rise of Phr and intEMG measured at 200 ms (intEMG200) from the
      onset of inspiration were unaffected. The results indicated that in newborns the
      vagal component of the load compensation is of great importance. Following
      vagotomy, airway occlusion produced a significant increase in mean values of TI
      and intEMG only. These small but significant changes suggest that most of the
      load compensation reflex is dependent on prolongation of TI. Increased intEMG200
      during loading in the vagotomized kittens, observed during several trials,
      implies that the intercostal fusion-alpha interaction may operate in newborns.

PMID- 6833045
TI  - Plasma volume shifts during progressive arm and leg exercise.
AB  - Upper and lower body exercise was performed to assess the influence muscle mass
      has on plasma volume (PV) shifts. Nine male subjects (mean = 28 yr) completed a
      progressive intensity, discontinuous test with an arm crank (AC) and cycle (CY)
      ergometer. Power output (PO) levels for the AC were 25, 74, 98, and 133 W. PO
      levels for the CY were 49, 98, 147, and 263 W. At a given submaximal oxygen
      uptake (VO2), PV efflux was significantly greater for AC compared with CY
      exercise. When PV efflux was related to the relative intensity of the exercise
      (ergometer specific % peak VO2), responses were nearly identical. Maximal PV
      efflux was 18% for both AC and CY exercise. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was
      significantly greater for AC compared with CY exercise for a given VO2. MAP
      plotted against the relative intensity of exercise, however, was similar for both
      AC and CY exercise. These results suggest that the amount of plasma efflux during
      exercise is related to the MAP, which is directly related to the relative
      intensity of the exercise.

PMID- 6833047
TI  - Effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on vagal and phrenic nerve
      activities.
AB  - This study was undertaken to define the mechanism for the respiratory inhibition
      observed during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). The effects of
      HFOV on the activities of single units in the vagus (Vna) and phrenic nerves
      (Pna) were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. The animals were either
      ventilated by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with and without
      positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), or by HFOV at a frequency of 25 Hz and
      pump displacement volume of 3 ml/kg. In 13 vagal units the Vna was much higher
      during HFOV than during IPPV or airway occlusion at a matched airway pressure.
      Ten units in the phrenic nerves were examined, and Pna (expressed as bursts/min)
      was attenuated by HFOV in all of them. In four of them, the effect of cooling the
      vagi to 8-10 degrees C on Pna was examined, and it was found that HFOV failed to
      alter the Pna. We conclude that 1) HFOV stimulates the pulmonary vagal afferent
      fibers continuously and to a degree greater than that due to static lung
      inflation and increased airway pressure and 2) the increased vagal activity
      during HFOV probably causes phrenic nerve activity inhibition.

PMID- 6833050
TI  - Unusual core temperature decrease in exercising heart-failure patients.

PMID- 6833051
TI  - Development of histochemical and functional properties of baboon respiratory
      muscles.
AB  - We assessed morphological, histochemical, and physiological characteristics of
      respiratory muscles of a non-human primate, Papio cynocephalus, from midgestation
      through adult life. Samples were taken of diaphragm muscles for histochemical
      analysis, electron microscopy, and assessment of contractile properties and
      fatigability. Histochemical analyses were also performed on samples of
      intercostal muscles. Initially, developing fibers are type IIc but differentiate
      into types I and IIa fibers by term. We observed no IIb fibers in respiratory
      muscles of premature baboons. Beginning late in gestation, muscle fibers grew
      rapidly. After term, IIb fibers were found, and fiber size ranked by increasing
      mean fiber area became types I, IIa, and IIb. After term, we rarely observed type
      IIc fibers. In electron micrographs we observed large numbers of interfibrillar
      mitochondria in all muscle fibers of premature baboons but not in all IIb fibers
      of adults. Histochemical observations were supported by contractile properties.
      Muscles of premature baboons had significantly longer contraction and relaxation
      times than adult muscles. Muscles from premature baboons were more resistant to
      fatigue than those of adult baboons. We conclude that the fibers of respiratory
      muscles are high in oxidative capacity and are resistant to fatigue during
      gestation. Fatigue of the respiratory muscle fibers secondary to low oxidative
      capacity is not a likely cause of respiratory distress in premature baboons.

PMID- 6833052
TI  - Breathing He-O2 shifts the lung pressure-volume curve of the dog.
AB  - To determine whether breathing a mixture of 80% He-20% O2 affects the lung
      pressure-volume (PV) curve, eight anesthetized paralyzed dogs were studied in a
      volume-displacement plethysmograph. Static PV curves on air were compared with PV
      curves obtained after equilibration with He-O2. The He-O2 PV curves were
      significantly shifted upward by an average of 5% total lung capacity. There was
      no change in compliance, indicating that the shift was due to lung expansion
      rather than a change in elasticity. Pretreatment of the dogs with cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors abolished the PV shift with He-O2. Four dogs had PV curves recorded on
      air and a mixture of O2, SF6, and Ne, a gas mixture with the same density as air
      but with 45% greater viscosity. The PV curve shift was even greater than observed
      with He-O2 and could again be virtually abolished with a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor. These results suggest that breathing a high-viscosity gas mixture
      results in alveolar duct dilatation due to the release of a prostaglandin
      bronchodilator. This may need to be taken into account in the analysis of flow
      augmentation with He-O2.

PMID- 6833049
TI  - Effects of repetitive exercise on neonatal rat skeletal muscle oxidative
      capacity.
AB  - Since little is known about the training response to exercise in neonatal
      animals, this study was undertaken to elucidate the potential of oxidative system
      adaptations in developing skeletal muscle of rats during 50 days of daily
      treadmill running. The training regimen involved male and female rats (10 days
      old) initially running 0.1 mph, 0% grade, for 15 min. The program progressed to 1
      mph, 25% grade, for 60 min by 50 days of age. At 25 days of age, pyruvate and
      palmitate oxidative capacity, and citrate synthase activity in red vastus muscle
      homogenates were elevated in the trained group (T) compared with age- and sex
      matched controls (C). These increases were also observed for each subsequent time
      point tested and occurred in spite of the fact that the peak oxidative capacity
      of neonatal red vastus muscle was 46% greater than adult values. Further, trained
      animals tested at 45 days of age responded with a 12% increase in maximal oxygen
      consumption (Vo2max) compared with controls (P less than 0.05). Assays of muscle
      phosphofructokinase and of creatine phosphokinase activity conducted at this time
      point revealed no difference between T and C groups. Collectively, these data
      suggest that neonatal rats can be successfully trained and that they respond to
      an endurance-type program qualitatively similarly to adult rats.

PMID- 6833048
TI  - Blood volume and protein responses to skin heating and cooling in resting
      subjects.
AB  - The effects of alterations in skin temperature on intravascular volume and
      protein content have been investigated in resting subjects. With a normal core
      temperature (Tac) both skin cooling and skin heating caused hemoconcentration,
      and heating was associated with an increased rate of protein loss from the
      intravascular space. Raising of the skin temperature after cooling, with Tac
      depressed, and cooling of the skin after heating, with Tac raised, were
      associated with an immediate reversal of the hemoconcentration, and gain of
      protein by the intravascular space. It is concluded that intravascular volume
      responses to thermal stress are dependent on the skin and core temperatures
      obtaining immediately prior to imposition of the stress and that, in particular,
      a low skin temperature predisposes toward hemodilution on subsequent exposure to
      heat; sweating per se does not necessarily result in hemoconcentration. The
      association of hemodilution with augmentation of intravascular protein, and the
      rapidity with which extravascular protein can apparently gain entry to the
      intravascular space, is taken as indicating a possible direct return of protein
      through capillary walls.

PMID- 6833054
TI  - Coupling of ventilation to pulmonary gas exchange during nonsteady-state work in
      men.
AB  - During steady-state exercise, ventilation increases in proportion to CO2 output
      (VCO2), regulating arterial PCO2. To characterize the dynamics of ventilatory
      coupling to VCO2 and O2 uptake (VO2) in the nonsteady-state phase, seven normal
      subjects performed constant-load cycle ergometry to a series of subanaerobic
      threshold work rates. Each bout consisted of eight 6-min periods of alternating
      loaded and unloaded cycling. Ventilation and gas exchange variables were computed
      breath by breath, with the time-averaged response dynamics being established off
      line. Ventilation increased as a linear function of VCO2 in all cases, the
      relationship being identical in the steady- and the nonsteady-state phases.
      Ventilation, however, bore a curvilinear relation to VO2, the kinetics of the
      latter being more rapid. Owing to the kinetic disparity between expired minute
      ventilation (VE) and VO2, there was an overshoot in the direction of change in
      VE/VO2 and end-tidal PO2 during the work-rate transition. In contrast, there was
      no overshoot in the direction of change in VE/VCO2 and end-tidal PCO2 throughout
      the nonsteady-state period. These data suggest that the exercise hyperpnea is
      coupled to metabolism in men via a signal proportional to VCO2 in both the
      nonsteady and steady states of moderate exercise.

PMID- 6833055
TI  - A new method for measurement of respiratory resistance.
AB  - A new method for measuring the resistance of the total respiratory system is
      presented. The method uses a device comprising a solenoid valve, a
      multiperforated plate, and a pneumotachograph. The multiperforated plate serves
      as a constant resistor (Rk) that is used to partially occlude the airway opening,
      thus rapidly and briefly reducing airflow during natural expiration. If it is
      assumed that the driving pressure remains constant during the very short period
      the airway is partially occluded, the respiratory flow immediately preceding the
      addition of Rk (V) and the flow reduction during partial occlusion (delta V)
      allow calculation of the resistance of the total respiratory system. The
      resistance of 14 normal subjects and 18 patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD) was measured with this new method as well as with the
      body plethysmographic method: 90% of the interrupter values fell within +/- 0.6
      cmH2O . l-1.s of the plethysmographic values, and all fell within +/- 0.8 cmH2O .
      l-1.s.

PMID- 6833056
TI  - Sustainable inspiratory pressure test can be influenced by airway obstruction as
      well as by respiratory muscle endurance.

PMID- 6833057
TI  - Breath-by-breath determination of alveolar gas exchange.

PMID- 6833058
TI  - The physician's role in sports medicine. Serving the athlete, school, and team.
AB  - Increased interest in and opportunities for participation in recreation and
      sports have brought sports medicine into physicians' offices as another phase of
      health care. At one time considered to be limited to treatment and rehabilitation
      of injuries, sports medicine today includes many other medical aspects of sports.
      A preparticipation health appraisal is mandatory before entry into strenuous
      activity programs. Annual physical appraisals are not necessary, however, when
      continuing health supervision and periodic reviews of illness and injury are used
      to reveal needs for prompt medical attention. Cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal
      capabilities must be included in the health examinations of athletes. School
      health personnel are important components of a scholastic sports medicine program
      because of their availability, their interest in all athletes, and the usefulness
      of their cumulative health records. Many physicians are sufficiently interested
      and qualified in sports medicine to serve as team physicians and be advisors on
      the health aspects of school or community youth sports programs.

PMID- 6833053
TI  - Muscle fiber composition and blood ammonia levels after intense exercise in
      humans.
AB  - The relationship between fiber type composition and the increase in blood ammonia
      was examined following a maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) test. Muscle biopsies
      were taken from the middle portion of the vastus lateralis for determination of
      fiber type percentages. Two subject groups were selected on the basis of a high
      (HST) or low (LST) percentage of slow-twitch fibers and compared for blood
      ammonia and lactate levels after exercise at work loads of approximately 85 and
      110% of VO2max. An inverse relationship was found between the percentage of slow
      twitch fibers and the increase in blood ammonia. Blood ammonia increased after
      exercise at both 85 and 110% of VO2max. However, the increase was twofold greater
      for the LST group following the 110% work effort. The increases in blood ammonia
      and lactate were positively correlated for both groups following exercise. The
      results suggest that the proportion of slow-twitch fibers plays an important role
      in determining the magnitude of the increase in blood ammonia after intense
      exercise.

PMID- 6833059
TI  - Weight control and heat disorders in youth sports.

PMID- 6833063
TI  - A cluster of adolescent suicide attempts: is suicide contagious?
AB  - Adolescent self-destructive behavior has increased during recent decades. Suicide
      now ranks third as a cause of death among older teenagers. Although recent
      studies have highlighted multiple risk factors for this behavior, little
      attention has been paid to the role of contagion as a possible cause for suicide
      attempts. Within a 6-month period, a small suburban community experienced two
      adolescent deaths from suicide followed by five attempts and an admission for
      suicidal ideation, within 7 weeks subsequent to the second fatality. The six
      patients were among a group of students from the same high school who not only
      related to each other during the school day but who also visited each other at
      the time of hospitalization for suicidal behavior. The possible role of suicidal
      behavior precipitating other self-destructive attempts within a peer group is
      explored. The development of strategies for dealing with issues of depression and
      suicide within a high-school environment may be needed.

PMID- 6833061
TI  - Physical conditioning of children.
AB  - Exercise-induced changes in muscular and cardiovascular function in pre- and
      postpubescent children are explained in terms of a "Trigger Hypothesis." This
      hypothesis predicts that, prepubertally, there will be only small training
      induced biological alterations because of the lack of hormonal control. It is
      suggested, therefore, that emphasis be placed on skill acquisition rather than
      physiological conditioning during prepuberty. Postpubertal exercise-induced
      changes are well documented and follow predictable patterns. The principles that
      govern physiological adaptations to exercise are discussed in terms of energy
      transfer and the factors that affect training. Duration, intensity, and frequency
      of performance are detailed. It is recommended that emphasis be placed on these
      factors when designing a physiologically sound physical training program.

PMID- 6833065
TI  - The Hospitalized Adolescent Interaction Scale.

PMID- 6833066
TI  - Safety of canine of parvovirus vaccine.

PMID- 6833062
TI  - Excessive weight loss in the athletic adolescent. A diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - Differentiating anorexia nervosa (AN) from excessive weight loss in the otherwise
      healthy, athletic adolescent may be difficult. We report the maximal work
      capacity, hormonal secretory patterns, and psychological assessment of a 14-year
      old male runner who induced excessive weight loss and partially recovered. At 17%
      below previous body weight (28% below ideal weight for height), he had
      significant resting bradycardia (38 bmp), low maximal heart rate (167 bpm),
      depressed VO2 max, and prepubertal 24-hour LH and testosterone secretory patterns
      in the presence of late pubertal genital development. The diagnostic dilemma of
      excess weight loss due to food aversion in the normal athlete versus anorexia
      nervosa with running as a symptom was resolved by psychiatric evaluation. A
      disturbed body image, marked feelings of inadequacy, and depression were
      discovered, which are findings consistent with AN. Diagnostic criteria of AN and
      the possible implications of a subnormal maximal heart rate are reviewed.

PMID- 6833064
TI  - A values clarification workshop experience for residents.
AB  - Ten residents, 3 faculty members, 2 nurses, and 1 social worker from an
      adolescent clinic attended a workshop designed to explore, understand, and
      experience their personal values systems. The purpose was to train health care
      workers to better care for adolescents. Didactic teaching was minimized. The
      majority of time was spent on training exercises, including role-playing and
      group discussion. Most participants felt the experience was positive. This format
      appears to be useful in training young physicians about interpersonal skills.

PMID- 6833060
TI  - The adolescent. Athletics and development.
AB  - An appreciation of adolescent growth and development is essential to the
      understanding of problems faced by the adolescent athlete. Early adolescence
      (ages 10-15 years) can be characterized as the body period. Physical growth is
      genetically determined and can be influenced by disease, injury, and nutrition.
      Early maturers are subject to adult expectations which may lead to either failure
      or excessive acclaim. Middle adolescence (ages 15-18 years) is the sexuality
      period, with special emphasis on gender identity. Friendships are critical, and
      athletics can be a focal point for showing love and affection without social
      fear. Late adolescence (ages 18-22 years) is the separation period. Young people
      with athletic skills leave home to face greater athletic and academic pressure
      and competition in college. Adjustment to this final adolescent period is
      achieved through learning to lose as well as win with grace and dignity.

PMID- 6833067
TI  - Focus on disability income insurance.

PMID- 6833068
TI  - ECG of the month: ventricular septal defect in a cat.

PMID- 6833069
TI  - Effect of eperythrozoonosis on sow productivity.

PMID- 6833070
TI  - Association of sexual experience with isolation of various bacteria in cases of
      ovine epididymitis.
AB  - Testicles from rams in flocks experiencing ram epididymitis in Idaho and eastern
      Oregon were cultured. Twenty-six breeding rams from 6 flocks were cultured and
      only Brucella ovis was isolated. Virgin rams (65) harbored numerous species of
      small fastidious gram-negative rods, including Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus spp, Moraxella spp, and Pasteurella spp. Thus,
      there appeared to be 2 separate disease entities, dependent on sexual experience
      of the animal.

PMID- 6833072
TI  - Reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog.

PMID- 6833071
TI  - Control of periparturient rise in worm egg counts of lambing ewes.

PMID- 6833073
TI  - Suspected villonodular synovitis in a dog.
AB  - Progressive bilateral juxta-articular osteolytic lesions were detected in the
      coxofemoral joints of a dog. The differential diagnoses included neoplasia or an
      inflammatory process of periarticular tissue. The clinical signs, radiographic
      findings, and gross and microscopic appearance of the lesions were similar to the
      inflammatory changes of villonodular synovitis.

PMID- 6833075
TI  - Diagnosis of cardiac lesions by contrast echocardiography.
AB  - Contrast M-mode echocardiography was utilized to study animals with congenital
      and acquired cardiac defects. Contrast was produced through the rapid injection
      of isotonic NaCl solution, the patient's blood, or indocyanine green dye into the
      circulation. Peripheral vein and intracardiac injections of contrast material
      were used to document ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial
      septal defect, and mitral valve regurgitation. The technique was safe and useful
      for both small and large animals.

PMID- 6833074
TI  - Canine hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dog-Greyhound crossbreeds.
AB  - Nineteen German Shepherd Dog-Greyhound crossbreeds in 7 litters were evaluated by
      pathoanatomic and/or radiographic examination of their pelves when 12 to 24
      months old (mean, 19 months). The prevalence of hip dysplasia in the crossbreeds
      was 42% (8/19). The prevalence of hip dysplasia in purebred German Shepherd Dog
      half-siblings in 16 litters produced by parents of the crossbreeds when mated to
      other German Shepherd Dogs was 35% (16/46). When numerical values were assigned
      to the pathoanatootmic and radiographic evaluations of the pelves, it was found
      that the severity of dysplastic changes in the crossbreeds were not significantly
      different from those changes in their purebred German Shepherd Dog half-siblings.
      It was concluded that selection for normal hips through mating German Shepherd
      Dogs with Greyhounds would be no more effective in lowering the prevalence of hip
      dysplasia than would selection within the German Shepherd Dog breed, which would
      be more desirable with regard to maintaining the standard of the breed.

PMID- 6833076
TI  - Mycoplasmal respiratory diseases of ruminants: a review and update.

PMID- 6833077
TI  - Echocardiographic features of dilated coronary sinus in a dog with persistent
      left cranial vena cava.

PMID- 6833078
TI  - Empyema of the gallbladder in a cow.

PMID- 6833079
TI  - Clover disease in two Mississippi cattle herds.

PMID- 6833080
TI  - Acute lactacidosis in cattle associated with apiculture.

PMID- 6833081
TI  - Analysis of 1981 veterinary practice income and expenses.

PMID- 6833082
TI  - Chronic right-sided intervertebral disk herniation at T13-L1 and acute left-sided
      disk herniation at L2-3.

PMID- 6833083
TI  - More about ice and snow.

PMID- 6833084
TI  - Juvenile renal disease in Doberman Pinscher dogs.
AB  - Renal failure was diagnosed in 22 young Doberman Pinscher dogs. The clinical
      findings were anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria,
      and dehydration. Laboratory findings were azotemia, hyperphosphatemia,
      lymphopenia, nonregenerative anemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. The
      kidneys were characterized pathologically by glomerular sclerosis, cystic
      glomerular atrophy, tubular dilatation, tubular atrophy, mononuclear interstitial
      inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial mineralization, and hyperplasia
      of the collecting duct epithelium.

PMID- 6833085
TI  - Sampling protocol for thyrotropin stimulation test in the dog.
AB  - A study was designed to assess the secretory response of thyroid glands in dogs
      to small doses of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH; 2.5 and 5.0
      units, total IV dose), and to establish valid blood-sampling periods in cases in
      which thyroxine concentrations were different from base-line values. Significant
      (P less than 0.001) response occurred as early as 3 hours after TSH
      administration, with peak response at 5 to 7 hours. Fasting dogs for 12 hours had
      no effect on test results. Because base-line thyroxine concentrations in dogs are
      equivocal and base-line triiodothyronine concentrations are influenced by many
      factors, thyrotropin stimulation testing is one of the best methods at present to
      evaluate thyroid function. Administration of a total dose of 2.5 to 5.0 units of
      TSH is economical, and collection of the 2nd blood sample as early as 3 hours for
      response may be advantageous in terms of scheduling for the client and practicing
      veterinarian.

PMID- 6833086
TI  - Bone cysts in two dogs and a review of similar cystic bone lesions in the dog.

PMID- 6833087
TI  - Primary pulmonary fibrosarcoma associated with Spirocerca lupi infection in a dog
      with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
AB  - A dog with severe subperiosteal cortical thickening in all 4 limbs was found at
      necropsy to have a small noncircumscribed firm lesion in a lung lobe.
      Microscopically, the lung lesion was a fibrosarcoma that contained several adult
      nematodes identified as Spirocerca lupi. Lesions were not found in the esophagus
      or aorta, which are the typical locations for lesions caused by this parasite.
      Fibrosarcomas have been associated with S lupi infection in the esophagus. In
      this case, the nematode localized and reached maturity in an aberrant location
      and apparently participated in the development of a fibrosarcoma at this site.

PMID- 6833088
TI  - Clinical results of surgical correction of shoulder luxation in dogs.

PMID- 6833089
TI  - Capillaria putorii in domestic cats in Iowa.

PMID- 6833091
TI  - Disseminated aspergillosis in a dog.

PMID- 6833090
TI  - Animal poison control center: summary of telephone inquiries during first three
      years of service.

PMID- 6833092
TI  - Craniopharyngioma and associated central diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism in
      a dog.

PMID- 6833093
TI  - Recurrent malignant hyperthermia in a Greyhound.

PMID- 6833095
TI  - Idiopathic chylothorax in a cat.

PMID- 6833094
TI  - Polyneuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in a dog.

PMID- 6833096
TI  - What is your diagnosis?

PMID- 6833097
TI  - Practical equine injectable anesthesia.

PMID- 6833098
TI  - ECG of the month: atrioventricular junctional tachycardia producing
      atrioventricular dissociation.

PMID- 6833099
TI  - Reticulography of the cow in dorsal recumbency: an aid in the diagnosis and
      treatment of traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
AB  - The accuracy of radiographic evaluation of the reticulum for traumatic
      reticuloperitonitis was evaluated. In a retrospective study involving 30 cows
      that had been radiographed in standing position, the diagnosis of penetrating
      foreign body was made with certainty in only 3 of 19 cases in which foreign
      bodies were identified. In 8 cases, no foreign body was identified
      radiographically, but a foreign body was found at surgery. In a prospective
      study, 19 cows were radiographed in both the standing and dorsal recumbent
      (dorsal reticulography) positions; in 10 cases, the diagnosis made on the basis
      of the standing radiograph was changed because of the dorsal reticulographic
      findings. When compared with surgical or necropsy findings in 9 cases, dorsal
      reticulography was accurate in determining whether a radiopaque foreign body was
      embedded in the reticulum wall. Thus, dorsal reticulography was shown to be an
      accurate diagnostic method for evaluating cows with suspected traumatic
      reticulitis, whereas radiographs obtained in the standing position were
      relatively inaccurate.

PMID- 6833100
TI  - Hemorrhage in a cat caused by inhibition of factor XI (plasma thromboplastin
      antecedent).
AB  - A coagulation profile from a 5-year-old neutered male cat with severe epistaxis
      revealed an intrinsic coagulation defect characterized by prolonged activated
      partial thromboplastin time, with normal bleeding time, platelet count, and
      prothrombin time. Subsequent factor XI analyses, using bovine factor XI-deficient
      plasma, revealed factor XI deficiency. Hematologic and clinical studies on the
      cat failed to reveal an underlying disease process that might have resulted in
      acquired factor XI inhibition.

PMID- 6833101
TI  - Farm studies of porcine parvovirus infection.
AB  - Epizootics of reproductive failure associated with porcine parvovirus infection
      were investigated on 38 farms. Mummification was common to all epizootics. The
      mean number of mummified fetuses per affected litter was 3.1. Mean number of pigs
      born alive for gilts and sows farrowing litters with mummified fetuses was 5.0,
      but for sows without mummified litters on the same farms it was 9.0. Mummified
      fetuses were observed in aborted litters on 8 (21.1%) farms. Gilts and sows that
      appeared pregnant but "lost" their swollen abdomens and failed to farrow were
      observed on 12 (39.5%) farms. Delayed return to estrus was evident on only 3
      (7.9%) farms with a continuous farrowing program. On 21 farms with a batch
      farrowing program, only 2 (10%) epizootics involved more than 1 batch. Up to 100%
      of the pregnant swine in the group farrowing together produced mummified pigs,
      but less than 20% of the breeding herd was affected in 26 (68.4%) cases. The
      prevalence of disease was not related to herd size, housing, or farrowing
      management.

PMID- 6833102
TI  - Echocardiographic features of aortic valve endocarditis in a dog, a cow, and a
      horse.
AB  - A horse, a cow, and a dog with aortic valve vegetative endocarditis were studied
      by M-mode echocardiography. Echocardiographic abnormalities of the aortic valve,
      mitral valve, and left ventricle were observed. These features were identical to
      those reported in human beings with aortic valve endocarditis. Abnormalities
      associated with aortic valve endocarditis included irregular thickening of the
      valve, multiple linear echoes in the aortic root, diastolic prolapse of the
      aortic vegetation, and diastolic fluttering of a torn aortic valve. Some of these
      features were found in each animal. The consequences of aortic regurgitation
      observed by echocardiography were left ventricular dilation, diastolic fluttering
      of the mitral valve, premature closure of the mitral valve, and left ventricular
      hyperkinesia.

PMID- 6833103
TI  - Bacterial and fungal isolates from Equidae with ulcerative keratitis.
AB  - Gram-negative bacteria were the most common microbial isolates from 38 eyes of 37
      horses with ulcerative keratitis. Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter group, and
      Acinetobacter sp were the most prevalent. Fungi were cultured from 15 eyes and
      included 7 genera, with Aspergillus sp being the most prevalent. Ten of the eyes
      with fungal keratitis had been treated with corticosteroids. Eleven of 38 eyes
      had mixed bacterial and fungal infections. Clinically, the most severe cases were
      those in which Aspergillus and gram-negative bacteria existed in a mixed
      infection. On the basis of susceptibility testing, gentamicin was highly
      efficacious (88.4%) against all bacterial isolates. Cephaloridine was slightly
      more efficacious than gentamicin against the gram-positive organisms. Only 32.3%
      of the gram-negative isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Of the
      relatively small number of gram-positive organisms isolated, streptococci were
      more often susceptible to chloramphenicol, whereas staphylococci were more often
      susceptible to gentamicin.

PMID- 6833104
TI  - Pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis in pigs from a test station.

PMID- 6833105
TI  - Effect of cattle ear mite infestation on hearing in a cow.

PMID- 6833106
TI  - Tracheal adenocarcinoma in a cat.

PMID- 6833107
TI  - Acute intoxication from a hematinic in calves.

PMID- 6833108
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica in two dogs.

PMID- 6833109
TI  - Cranial thoracic intervertebral disk extrusion in a dog.

PMID- 6833110
TI  - Mammary hyperplasia in a male cat receiving progesterone.

PMID- 6833111
TI  - Cerebellar agenesis in two canine littermates.

PMID- 6833112
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Sole abscess involving the lateral and plantar aspects of
      the foot.

PMID- 6833113
TI  - Cell clusters on fetal rat ventral roots: prenatal development.
AB  - Clusters of cells are a prominent feature on the most proximal part of rat
      ventral rootlets between 15 and 21 days of fetal life and they increase to a
      maximum size at 17 days post conception. By means of extensive sheath-like
      processes the component cells of the clusters encapsulate one another in a very
      complex manner. Cells also give rise to processes which extend into the
      underlying axon bundles in the most proximal part of the ventral root and there
      form a highly complex matrix of interwoven fine cytoplasmic processes which
      separate individual axons from one another from a very early stage. With
      maturation, the clusters become smaller and the complex matrix disappears. Cells
      separate off from the clusters and enter the underlying ventral rootlets where
      they differentiate into Schwann cells and come to envelop the axons in the manner
      characteristic of the latter. However, the proximal part of the rootlet remains
      at a much less advanced state of maturation than more distal parts up to the end
      of fetal life. It is possible that cell clusters are in part produced by
      overgrowth of CNS tissue around the axon bundles in the ventral rootlets. This
      strips the cells distally and causes them to become piled up as collars around
      the most proximal part of the ventral rootlet.

PMID- 6833114
TI  - A quantitative neurohistological study of the long term effects in the rat brain
      of stimulation in infancy.
AB  - Infant rats were either handled daily during the first 10 days of life or left
      undisturbed. Brains were examined, using quantitative histological methods, at 22
      days postnatum and at 6 months postnatum. At 22 days the handled animals showed a
      deficit in glial cells in both the anterior limb of the anterior commissure and
      in the indusium griseum. The deficit in the former was in the oligodendrocyte
      fraction, whereas in the latter the deficit was in astrocytes. Myelination was
      unaffected, the percentage of myelinated axons, the diameter of myelinated and
      unmyelinated axons and the mean number of myelin lamellae being identical in
      handled and control groups. The numbers of mitotic figures in the subependymal
      layer were also similar in both groups. At 6 months of age the handled group
      contained more glial cells in both the rostral part of the anterior limb of the
      anterior commissure and the indusium griseum. In the former, the increase in
      glial cells was due to an increase in the number of oligodendrocytes in the
      handled group compared with controls; in the latter, the main increase was in
      astrocytes. The percentage of myelinated axons and the number of subependymal
      mitotic figures were both significantly higher in handled animals. It was
      concluded that infantile handling leads to an initial growth retardation
      associated with a long term increase in glial cell number. It was suggested that
      the initial retardation might be the result of glial cells remaining for a longer
      than normal time in the proliferative subependymal pool before migrating to the
      periphery. It was noted that the timing of the handling coincided with the period
      of normal rapid proliferation of oligodendrocytes in the anterior commissure and
      of astrocytes in the indusium griseum.

PMID- 6833115
TI  - Age changes in the bone density and structure of the lumbar vertebral column.
AB  - Old age is associated with a decline in bone density in lumbar vertebral bodies
      in both sexes, although the rate and amount of the decline is greatest in
      females. The bone translucency index method, described in this study, is a
      sensitive method of estimating bone density. The primary reason for this decline
      is the significant decrease in the number of transverse trabeculae of lumbar
      vertebrae in old age. It is postulated that the increase in vertebral end plate
      concavity and the increased horizontal dimensions of lumbar vertebral bodies in
      old age follows as a direct consequence of the selective loss of the transverse
      trabeculae.

PMID- 6833116
TI  - Fine structure of the canine tapetum lucidum.
AB  - The structure of the canine tapetum lucidum appears to be basically similar to
      that described in some other carnivores, but specific distinctions are present.
      The reflecting rodlets of the dog are similar in their dimensions to those of the
      cat, but they are more closely packed, resulting in a unique value for the
      wavelength of maximal reflectance. In addition, the rodlets are less precisely
      orientated, as compared to those of the cat, a condition which appears to result
      in a less efficient reflectance from the dog tapetum. It has also been shown that
      the dog does not possess a retinal tapetum lucidum, as had previously been
      suggested.

PMID- 6833117
TI  - Comparative morphology of the adrenal gland of anuran Amphibia.

PMID- 6833118
TI  - The arrangement of muscle fibers and tendons in two muscles used for growth
      studies.
AB  - The arrangement of muscle fibres and tendons was examined in the soleus muscle of
      rats from 6 to 175 days post partum. The muscle was seen to change from a simple
      structure, with mean fibre length of approximately 90% of complete muscle length,
      to a unipennate structure, with mean fibre length of only about 60% of muscle
      length. The dog pectineus muscle was also investigated and found to have a
      bipennate structure throughout postnatal growth. The arrangement of muscle fibres
      in both these muscles is such that it might be difficult (particularly in the
      older animals) to cut a transverse section through all the fibres contained in
      the muscle; some fibres might not enter the plane of section. Results on muscle
      fibre number in these muscles at different ages may therefore be misleading.

PMID- 6833119
TI  - The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. 2. The
      occipitocervical region.
AB  - The present investigation of the cervical region of the vertebral column at eight
      post-ovulatory weeks is the first such study based on precise reconstructions of
      staged embryos. At the end of the embryonic period proper, a typical vertebra is
      a U-shaped piece of cartilage characterized by spina bifida occulta. The
      notochord ascends through the centra and leaves the dens to enter the basal plate
      of the skull. The median column of the axis comprises three parts (designated X,
      Y, Z) which persist well into the fetal period. They are related to the first,
      second and third cervical nerves, respectively. Part X may project into the
      foramen magnum and form an occipito-axial joint. Part Z appears to be the centrum
      of the axis. The articular columns of the cervical vertebrae are twofold, as in
      the adult: an anterior (atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial) and a posterior
      (from the lower aspect of the axis downwards). Alar and transverse ligaments are
      present. Cavitation is not found in the embryonic period in either the atlanto
      occipital or zygapophysial joints, and is generally not present in the median
      atlanto-axial joint either. Most of the transverse processes exhibit anterior and
      posterior tubercles. An 'intertubercular lamella' may or may not be present, i.e.
      the foramina transversaria are being formed around the vertebral artery. The
      spinal ganglia are generally partly in the vertebral canal and partly on the
      neural arches, medial to the articular processes. During the fetal period, the
      articular processes shift to a coronal position and this alteration appears to be
      associated with a corresponding change in the location of the spinal ganglia.

PMID- 6833120
TI  - Anatomical variations of the posterior articular nerve to the cat knee joint.

PMID- 6833122
TI  - The suspensory apparatus of the canine lens.
AB  - The suspensory apparatus of the canine lens was studied in gross specimens
      stained with periodic acid and Schiff's reagent, and by transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. Two distinct groupings of zonular fibres were discernible:
      those passing along the crests of the ciliary processes and inserting at the lens
      anterior to the equator, and those arising from the walls of the ciliary
      processes and inserting posteriorly at the lens. In addition, zonular fibres were
      found to arise from single plicae and from processes of intermediate size located
      between the main ciliary processes. The vitreous body was firmly attached to the
      pars plana, over which zonular fibres passed in a meridional direction, and also
      to the lens capsule adjacent to the posterior zonular insertions. The mode of
      insertion of the zonular fibres at the lens and over the unpigmented ciliary
      epithelium is described. Zonular fibrils averaged approximately 13 nm in
      diameter, with a periodicity of 17 nm and were morphologically similar to those
      of other species.

PMID- 6833121
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the tracheal epithelium of the guinea-pig with
      special reference to the ciliary structure.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the normal guinea-pig tracheal mucosa has been
      characterised by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The
      pseudostratified epithelium was composed of basal cells, goblet cells, ciliated
      cells and intermediate cells. Interepithelial granulocytes and lymphocytes were
      occasionally seen. Regional variations in the distribution of goblet cells and
      ciliated cells were noted, and the continual turnover of the epithelial cells was
      manifested in the findings of proliferating, differentiating and exfoliating
      cells. The function of the numerous microvilli extending into the lumen remains
      unknown, although the bundles of actin filaments in their core and the anionic
      properties of their surface suggest a dual function, as motile processes and as
      sites of re-absorption of excess fluid. Numerous microtubules criss-cross the
      apex of the ciliated cell. It is suggested that they are an integrated part of
      the cytoskeleton and/or are involved in some kind of intracytoplasmic transport.
      Other microtubules are attached to the basal feet and penetrate deep into the
      cytoplasm; their function has yet to be elucidated. A possible role may be that
      they, alone or in conjunction with the microfilaments (actin) of the cell
      cytoplasm, constitute a contractile mechanism responsible for the synchronous
      beating of the cilia in a given cell. Only in rare cases have the basal bodies
      developed striated rootlets. Morphological evidence from the current study, that
      the ciliary crown is in physical contact with the superficial mucus layer,
      supports the hypothesis that this structure serves as a special device for
      pushing the mucus forward.

PMID- 6833123
TI  - Spiral nerve endings and dapple motor end plates in monkey extra-ocular muscles.
AB  - The suggestion that spiral nerve endings in extra-ocular muscles are sensory was
      tested. Spiral, serpentine and pincer-like endings were identified in extra
      ocular muscles of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in light and electron microscopic
      preparations. Spiral and other complex nerve endings each terminated in the motor
      end plate zone as well separated clusters of boutons applied to various aspects
      of the muscle fibre, in contrast to the single group of boutons of other endings.
      They displayed a dappled appearance with acetylcholinesterase stain. Dapple
      endings had morphological features and staining characteristics consistent with
      motor end plates. Hence, spiralling of nerve fibre endings is shown to be a
      device for conveying boutons to dapple motor end plates rather than for
      monitoring the contraction of muscle fibres.

PMID- 6833124
TI  - Innervation of the gall bladder and biliary pathways in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The innervation of the gall bladder and the biliary pathways was studied in
      guinea-pigs by means of histochemical methods for catecholamines and for
      acetylcholinesterase on whole mount preparations, on cryostat sections and on
      sections of plastic-embedded tissues. The gall bladder contains on average 367
      neurons in a ganglionated plexus which lies at the outer surface of the muscle
      coat. The overall appearance of this plexus is rather similar to that of the
      submucosal plexus of the duodenum. From the gall bladder the plexus extends into
      the cystic duct, the hepatic duct and the common bile duct, but from the middle
      portion of the common bile duct downwards, it is positioned at or near the inner
      surface of the muscle coat. Concurrently with the marked increase in muscle
      thickness in the lower parts of the common bile duct, another ganglionated plexus
      appears, which is truly intramuscular. The latter plexus is highly developed,
      lies usually between longitudinal and circular muscle and resembles in appearance
      the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, with which it is in continuity. Throughout
      the biliary system, the extent of the ganglionated plexus is roughly related to
      the extent of the musculature. An exchange of adrenergic fibres between the
      ganglionated plexus and perivascular nerves is observed in the gall bladder.
      Another nerve plexus, without ganglia but rich in adrenergic and
      acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres, lies between the mucosa and the muscle
      coat. Very few nerve fibres run into the musculature of the gall bladder. On the
      other hand, in the thick musculature of the lower portion of the common bile
      duct, several intramuscular nerve fibres are found.

PMID- 6833125
TI  - Thiotetromycin, a new antibiotic. Taxonomy, production, isolation, and
      physicochemical and biological properties.
AB  - A new antibiotic, thiotetromycin, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of
      Streptomyces sp. OM-674 by solvent extraction and silica gel chromatography. The
      molecular formula of the antibiotic has been determined as C13H18O2S on the basis
      of elemental analysis and its high resolution mass spectrometry. The antibiotic
      contains a thiotetronic acid in the molecule and possesses a selective activity
      against Bacteroides fragilis.

PMID- 6833126
TI  - Discovery, isolation and structure of novel cephamycins of Streptomyces
      chartreusis.
AB  - By the use of HPLC technique after treatment with beta-lactamases, two novel
      cephamycins, SF-1623 and SF-1623B, were discovered and isolated from the
      fermentation broth of Streptomyces chartreusis SF-1623. The structures of SF-1623
      and SF-1623B were determined to contain 3-sulfothiomethyl and 3-hydroxymethyl
      groups respectively, by chemical and enzymatic transformation reactions. Studies
      on the fermentation condition and process for the large scale preparation of
      antibiotic SF-1623 are also described.

PMID- 6833127
TI  - Sagamicin and the related aminoglycosides: fermentation and biosynthesis. III.
      Isolation and characterization of Micromonospora sagamiensis mutants blocked in
      gentamicin C1 pathway.
AB  - Production of sagamicin and gentamicin C1 in Micromonospora sagamiensis was
      regulated by cobalt ion. In a parental strain, KY11510, cobalt ion stimulated
      gentamicin C1 production and suppressed sagamicin production. By ultraviolet
      light or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment, six mutants blocked in
      gentamicin C1 biosynthesis were obtained from KY11510. These mutants were
      classified into two types. The first type, four mutants, produced no gentamicin
      C1 even when cobalt ion was added to the fermentation. The second type, two
      mutants, produced a small amount of gentamicin C1 when a high concentration of
      cobalt ion was added. Based on biotransformation experiments, these mutants
      appeared to be blocked at the 6'-C-methylation step in the biosynthesis of
      gentamicin C1. The mutants showed an increased production of sagamicin. In
      addition, cobalt ion stimulated sagamicin production in the mutants. The
      mechanism of cobalt regulation in the parent and the mutants is discussed.

PMID- 6833128
TI  - Biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin. A preferred pathway from
      tylactone to tylosin.
AB  - The efficiencies of bioconversion of twenty-three potential intermediates in the
      biosynthesis of tylosin were determined with a mutant strain blocked only in
      tylactone biosynthesis. The results indicated that tylactone, the first
      intermediate excreted by Streptomyces fradiae, is converted to tylosin by a
      preferred sequence of reactions which include: (1) addition of mycaminose to the
      C-5 hydroxyl position of the lactone; (2) hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl group
      to a hydroxymethyl group; (3) dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl group to
      a formyl group; (4) hydroxylation of the C-23 methyl group to a hydroxymethyl;
      (5) addition of 6-deoxy-D-allose to the C-23 hydroxymethyl group; (6) addition of
      mycarose to the 4'-hydroxyl group of mycaminose; (7) addition of a methyl group
      to the 2"'-hydroxyl position of demethylmacrocin, and (8) addition of a methyl
      group to the 3"'-hydroxyl position of macrocin to produce tylosin. The
      intermediates which lacked both neutral sugars (mycarose and 6-deoxy-D-allose)
      were biologically unstable, and substantial quantities of these compounds were
      degraded during standard bioconversion experiments. However, the amount of one
      such intermediate (O-mycaminosyltylonolide) degraded was substantially reduced
      when low concentrations of the compound were used for bioconversion, and under
      these conditions, much higher efficiencies of bioconversion to tylosin were
      obtained. We have shown that a mutant blocked in hydroxylation of the C-20 methyl
      group is also blocked in the further dehydrogenation of the C-20 hydroxymethyl
      group to a formyl group, and have confirmed in in vitro studies that the 2"'-O
      methylation of demethylmacrocin must proceed the 3"'-O-methylation of macrocin to
      produce tylosin.

PMID- 6833129
TI  - Studies on tomaymycin. I. The structure determination of tomaymycin on the basis
      of NMR spectra.

PMID- 6833130
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of asparagine derivatives of
      aminobenzylpenicillin.
AB  - In order to improve the antibacterial activity of aminobenzylpenicillin,
      penicillin derivatives having an asparagine moiety in the 6-acyl side chain (11a
      approximately g, 12a, b, f, g) were synthesized. The structure-activity
      relationship of new penicillins, N4-alkyl-asparaginylaminobenzylpenicillins, was
      investigated. N4-Methyl-D-asparaginylamoxicillin (11a), TA-058, was found to
      possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram
      negative bacteria. In acute toxicity, TA-058 showed good tolerance in mice (LD50
      greater than 10 g/kg, i.v.).

PMID- 6833131
TI  - Prophylactic activity of cephalosporins in a mouse model of surgical wound
      infection.

PMID- 6833132
TI  - Isolation of 7 beta-(5-hydroxy-5-carboxyvarelamido)-3-hydroxymethyl-3-cephem-4
      carboxylic acid from streptomyces sp.

PMID- 6833134
TI  - Mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. VII. Structures of minor components,
      mycinamicin VI and VII.

PMID- 6833133
TI  - Pentalenolactone F, a new metabolite isolated from streptomyces. Isolation and
      structure elucidation.

PMID- 6833136
TI  - A survey of plasmids among natural isolates of Streptomyces.

PMID- 6833135
TI  - 7 beta-[2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1,2,3-
      thiadiazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid. A new potent
      cephalosporin derivative.

PMID- 6833137
TI  - An improved method for the preparation of Streptomycetes and Micromonospora
      protoplasts.

PMID- 6833138
TI  - Ansatrienin A2 and A3: minor components of the ansamycin complex produced by
      Streptomyces collinus.

PMID- 6833139
TI  - A degradation product of the chromophore of auromomycin.

PMID- 6833140
TI  - Ro 22-5417, a new clavam antibiotic from Streptomyces clavuligerus. I. Discovery
      and biological activity.
AB  - Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585, a culture which produces a variety of beta
      lactam antibiotics in the penicillin, cephalosporin and clavam families, was
      found to produce a new beta-lactam antibiotic, Ro 22-5417. The compound, which
      was neither a substrate for nor inhibitor of several beta-lactamases, showed
      antimicrobial activity in defined minimal medium but little or no inhibitory
      activity in nutrient-rich medium. The activity was bacteriostatic against
      Bacillus species ATCC 27860 and was antagonized by D- and L-methionine, L
      cystathionine, L-homocystine and O-acetyl-L-homoserine but not by L-homoserine, L
      aspartate, L-cysteine or other common amino acids, vitamins and nucleosides. Our
      results are consistent with Ro 22-5417 acting as an inhibitor in methionine
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6833141
TI  - Ro 22-5417, a new clavam antibiotic from Streptomyces clavuligerus. II.
      Fermentation, isolation and structure.
AB  - The purification of a new antibiotic, Ro 22-5417, was achieved by a variety of
      preparative column chromatographic methods. The antibiotic was obtained
      crystalline with an overall recovery of 3% after a 300-fold purification. The
      structure was determined from proton and 13C NMR spectra to be 3-(7-oxo-1-aza-4
      oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)alanine.

PMID- 6833142
TI  - Ro 22-5417, a new clavam antibiotic from Streptomyces clavuligerus. III. Absolute
      stereochemistry.
AB  - The complete stereostructure of the new antibiotic Ro 22-5417 has been
      established as 3-[(3S,5S)-7-oxo-1-aza-4-oxabicyclo[3.2.O]hept-3-yl]-L-alanine.
      This result together with the synthesis of an (3R,5R)-L-analog allowed us to
      postulate that clavams require the R-configuration at the ring juncture for beta
      lactamase inhibitory activity, while the opposite S-stereochemistry is essential
      for antifungal activity.

PMID- 6833143
TI  - Studies on biosynthesis of pentalenolactone. V isolation of
      deoxypentalenylglucuron.
AB  - Deoxypentalenylglucuron was isolated from the culture broths of three different
      strains, such as Streptomyces omiyaensis, S. albofaciens and S. viridifaciens.
      The structure of deoxypentalenylglucuron has been determined by 1H and 13C NMR,
      mass spectroscopy and by chemical correlation to be an oxidation product of
      pentalenene 1. Deoxypentalenylglucuron (1) has some antitumor activity against
      Sarcoma 180 in mice.

PMID- 6833145
TI  - 3-O-demethyl-2,3-di-epi-fortimicins and 3-O-demethyl-3-epi-fortimicins.
AB  - Syntheses of the 3-O-demethyl-2,3-di-epi-fortimicins A and B and the 3-O-demethyl
      3-epi-fortimicins A and B have been accomplished in processes the key steps of
      which were solvolyses of 4-N-acetyl-3-O-demethyl-3-O-methanesulfonylfortimicin
      derivatives. Antibacterial activities of the new antibiotics are reported.

PMID- 6833144
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 7 beta-(2-amino-2-carboxy)
      ethylthioacetamido-7 alpha-methoxycephalosporin derivatives.
AB  - C-7 and C-3 substituents of a new antibiotic SF-1623 were chemically modified to
      improve the bioactivity, and substituent effect at C-7 and C-3 was examined on
      the basis of MIC and ED50 values against selected bacteria. Among a large number
      of derivatives, MT-141 possessing 2-D-2-amino-2-carboxyethylthioacetamido residue
      at C-7 and N-methyltetrazolyl-thiomethyl residue at C-3 showed a high order of
      antibacterial activity in vitro and especially in vivo.

PMID- 6833147
TI  - Studies on tomaymycin. II. Total syntheses of the antitumor antibiotics, E-and Z
      tomaymycins.
AB  - The total syntheses of naturally occurring E-tomaymycin (1E) and its olefinic
      geometrical isomer, Z-tomaymycin (1Z) are described. The Z-isomer was found to
      have the same anti-bacterial activity as E-isomer (1E).

PMID- 6833148
TI  - Improvement of macrolide antibiotic-producing streptomycete strains by the
      regeneration of protoplasts.
AB  - Three macrolide antibiotic-producing strains, the spiramycin producer
      Streptomyces ambofaciens, the tylosin producer Streptomyces fradiae, and the
      cirramycin producer Streptomyces cirratus easily formed protoplasts when treated
      with lysozyme in hypertonic medium. Each type of protoplast was regenerated to a
      mycelial form at a frequency of 90 to 100% in regeneration medium supplemented
      with a plasma expander. In the spiramycin producer S. ambofaciens and the tylosin
      producer S. fradiae, antibiotic productivities of the regenerated progeny were
      drastically changed. Some regenerated progeny from the three strains gave higher
      production. One from S. ambofaciens showed about twice the productivity of the
      original strain and one obtained after two rounds of protoplast regeneration from
      S. fradiae produced about three times as much as the original strain.

PMID- 6833146
TI  - 3-amino-3-demethoxyfortimicin A and the C-2 epimeric-2-amino-3-O-demethyl-2
      deoxyfortimicins A.
AB  - Selective reactions of 3-O-demethyl-3-O-methanesulfonyl-4-N, 5-O
      methylenefortimicin derivatives have been used as the key steps in the syntheses
      of 3-amino-3-demethoxyfortimicin A and the C-2 epimeric 2-amino-3-O-demethyl-2
      deoxyfortimicins A. In vitro antibacterial activities of the new fortimicin
      derivatives are reported.

PMID- 6833149
TI  - Studies on a new antibiotic M-92 produced by Micromonospora. IV. Bactericidal
      action of the component VA-2.
AB  - The action of VA-2, the most active component of antibiotic M-92, against S.
      aureus is bactericidal but not bacteriolytic. The bactericidal action is markedly
      affected by incubation temperature, whether bacterial cells are prolific or
      resting. The bactericidal kinetics of VA-2 is biphasic, since addition of VA-2
      caused rapid and straight decrease in viability curve and reached a plateau after
      several minutes. The bactericidal activity of VA-2 is blocked by 2,4
      dinitrophenol. Alike to many membrane-active bacteriocins, VA-2 seems to exert
      its action through two stages.

PMID- 6833150
TI  - Studies on the biological activity of stubomycin.
AB  - Stubomycin showed direct cytotoxic activity on mammalian cells, yeast, and fungi,
      and rapid hemolytic activity on mouse erythrocytes. The rate and extent of the
      cytotoxic and hemolytic activities decreased at lower temperatures. Studies with
      radioactive precursors revealed that a marginal cytocidal concentration of the
      antibiotic inhibited synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein of leukemic cells at
      almost the same rate. Stubomycin did not show any mutagenicity on mammalian cells
      and bacteria i.e. the induction of revertants on six bacterial strains, and
      chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and the induction of cells
      resistant to 6-thioguanine on Chinese hamster cells (DON D-6). The antagonistic
      effect of various kinds of lipids including phospholipids, cholesterol, olive oil
      and squalene was studied. Significant antagonism of stubomycin against anti
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae activity was observed with phospholipids except for egg
      lecithin and with cholesterol. The primary action of the antibiotic seems to be
      to change the cell surface and ultimately the lysis and death of the cells.

PMID- 6833153
TI  - Actinosynnema mirum, a new producer of nocardicin antibiotics.

PMID- 6833152
TI  - Identification of takacidin and antibiotic U-0142 with monazomycin and comparison
      of taxonomic properties of their producing organisms.

PMID- 6833154
TI  - Biological transformation of kanamycin A to amikacin (BBK-8).

PMID- 6833155
TI  - Some chemical modifications of istamycin B.

PMID- 6833151
TI  - Rapid uptake by cultured tumor cells and intracellular behavior of 4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin.
AB  - Intracellular levels of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) and adriamycin
      (ADM) were measured by a fluorospectroscopic method, and the former was shown to
      be taken up by L5178Y cells much faster than ADM; the uptake velocity of THP at 1
      microgram/ml was calculated to be about 170 times faster than that of ADM. High
      performance liquid chromatography of cell extracts indicated that THP exists
      mainly in nuclei intact without hydrolysis. The effect of THP in inhibiting
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA also indicated that THP taken up by cells
      rapidly went to nuclei and inhibited DNA synthesis. Fifty percent inhibition
      concentrations of THP or ADM on [3H]-thymidine incorporation during a 60-minute
      period, 15 minutes after the addition, were 0.1 microgram/ml and 4.2
      micrograms/ml, respectively. Similar results were obtained when L1210 cells were
      used in place of the L5178Y cells.

PMID- 6833157
TI  - An active cochlear model showing sharp tuning and high sensitivity.
AB  - Recent in vivo measurements of cochlear-partition motion indicate very high
      sensitivity and sharp mechanical tuning similar to the tuning of single cochlear
      nerve fibers. Our experience with mathematical models of the cochlea leads us to
      believe that this type of mechanical response requires the presence of active
      elements in the cochlea. We have developed an active cochlear model which
      incorporates negative damping components; this model produces partition
      displacement in good agreement with many of the mechanical and neural tuning
      characteristics which have been observed in vivo by other researchers. We suggest
      that the negative damping components of our model may represent an active
      mechanical behavior of the outer hair cells, functioning in the electromechanical
      environment of the normal cochlea.

PMID- 6833156
TI  - Interferon induction in mice by oral administration of K-582, a new peptide
      antibiotic.

PMID- 6833158
TI  - Cochlear inner hair cells: effects of transient asphyxia on intracellular
      potentials.
AB  - Intracellular potentials were recorded from inner hair cells in the guinea pig
      cochlea. Transient asphyxia was induced by interrupting respiration for brief
      periods. Asphyxia caused a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential
      (resting Em). The hyperpolarization averaged 2.9 mV for 30 s asphyxias and 5.7 mV
      for 45 s asphyxias. The membrane potential recovered quickly after normal
      ventilation was resumed. Asphyxia also induced a rapid and profound decrease of
      the d.c. receptor potential in response to moderate intensity tone bursts at the
      characteristic frequency of the inner hair cell. At maximal depression, the
      receptor potential was reduced about 60% for a 30 s asphyxia and 100% for a 45 s
      asphyxia. The receptor potential recovered slowly after normal ventilation was
      resumed. A similar percent reduction and time course of recovery were observed
      for the a.c. receptor potential. In recordings from the same animals, the round
      window compound action potential (CAP) was as severely depressed by asphyxia as
      the hair cell receptor potentials. The time course of recovery for the CAP was
      similar to the slow recovery of the d.c. receptor potential. In contrast, the
      round window cochlear microphonics (CM) and the endolymphatic potential (EP) were
      affected less by asphyxia and recovered quickly after ventilation was resumed.
      Frequency tuning curves (FTCs) for the d.c. receptor potential were measured
      during the period of maximal receptor potential depression. These FTCs showed
      decreased tip sensitivity and a decrease in sharpness of tuning, as measured by
      the Q10. These changes were fully reversible. Low frequency (tail) segments of
      the FTCs were much less affected by asphyxia. The inner hair cell FTC changes
      during asphyxia were compared with neural FTC changes reported by other
      investigators. The similarities lead us to the conclusion that the inner hair
      cell and the auditory neural response to sound are equally sensitive to asphyxia.

PMID- 6833160
TI  - Lateralization of low-frequency transients.

PMID- 6833161
TI  - Preferential amino acid uptake identifies Type II spiral ganglion neurons in the
      gerbil.
AB  - The localization of 3H-labeled amino acids was compared by light and electron
      microscopic autoradiography in the spiral ganglion of the gerbil, following in
      vivo intracochlear incubations. Following incubations with taurine, a population
      of heavily labeled neurons could be distinguished from lightly labeled neurons.
      The heavily labeled population comprised 5-6% of spiral ganglion neurons, and
      included the least myelinated cells. Ultrastructurally, the heavily labeled
      neurons were characterized by a loosely coiled Schwann cell sheath covering the
      cell body, and the presence of abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments. The unlabeled
      cells showed a typical perikaryal myelin sheath and cytoplasm rich in rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. It is concluded that the spiral ganglion of the gerbil
      contains both Type I and Type II neurons, and that Type II neurons preferentially
      incorporate the amino acid taurine. Type II neurons are therefore biochemically
      as well as morphologically distinct from Type I neurons.

PMID- 6833162
TI  - Electron microscopic atlas of the simian cochlea.
AB  - An electron microscopic atlas of simian cochlear duct structures is presented
      with the hope that it may help to clarify certain questions of structural
      functional relationships. Emphasis is placed on structures directly involved in
      sensory transduction and in synaptic transmission, at afferent and efferent nerve
      fiber terminals. A brief discussion is included as an introduction to the
      possibilities of interpretation of electron microscopic data. Orientation of
      electron micrographs is assisted by means of numerical coding on light
      microscopic photographs, and by means of a diagram which combines electron
      microscopic and light microscopic data.

PMID- 6833159
TI  - Noise-induced degeneration in the brain and representation of inner and outer
      hair cells.
AB  - Noise that destroys receptor cells in the chinchilla cochlea also results in
      degeneration of axonal endings in the brain from the cochlear nerve fibers and
      the auditory pathways ascending to the superior olivary complex and inferior
      colliculus. The patterns of degeneration provide experimental evidence for
      differential representation of inner and outer hair cells and their functions.

PMID- 6833163
TI  - Positive practice overcorrection: the effects of duration of positive practice on
      acquisition and response reduction.
AB  - The effects of long and short durations of positive practice overcorrection were
      studied, for reduction of off-task behavior after an instruction to perform an
      object-placement task. Off-task behavior, correct responses, and approximate
      responses were all observed. Off-task behavior received positive practice. The
      short and long practice durations (30 seconds and 3 minutes) produced equally
      rapid reduction of off-task behavior and acquisition of correct object-placement
      performance. Over sessions, much less time was required for positive practice
      when the short practice duration was used. Approximate responses, which also
      avoided positive practice, occurred at low rates relative to correct responding.
      Negative side effects were observed to occur primarily during sessions with long
      positive practice. These results indicate that use of short durations of positive
      practice can reduce the practice time required and negative side effects, with no
      loss of training effectiveness either for reducing inappropriate behavior or
      increasing a desired alternative behavior.

PMID- 6833164
TI  - The effects of echolalia on acquisition and generalization of receptive labeling
      in autistic children.
AB  - This investigation, consisting of two experiments, was designed to assess the
      effects of autistic immediate echolalia on acquisition and generalization of
      receptive labeling tasks. Experiment 1 addressed whether autistic children could
      use their echolalia to facilitate acquisition. The results indicated that
      incorporating echolalia (echo of the requested object's label) into the task
      before manual response (handing the requested object to the experimenter)
      facilitated receptive labeling. Experiment 2 was designed to determine the
      effects of incorporating echolalia into task response on acquisition and
      subsequent generalization. These results indicated that echolalia facilitated
      generalization for echolalic autistic children but not for functionally mute
      autistic children. The results of the experiments are discussed in terms of
      stimulus control. Additionally, it is proposed that perhaps in certain cases,
      echolalia should not be eliminated, but used to advantage in receptive
      responding.

PMID- 6833166
TI  - Behavioral school psychology goes outdoors: the effect of organized games on
      playground aggression.
AB  - This research focuses on the inappropriate, largely aggressive, behaviors of 344
      K-2 children assigned to a playground prior to the beginning of the school day.
      Initially, a system for observing large numbers of children freely roaming over a
      large, open area was developed. This observational method was then used to
      determine the effectiveness of providing organized games for reducing potentially
      dangerous playground behaviors. Using a reversal (ABAB) design, it was found that
      the games, rope jumping, and foot racing, along with an infrequently used time
      out procedure, significantly reduced the frequency of inappropriate incidents. It
      is suggested that when dealing with large groups, antecedent environmental
      manipulations may be more practical than providing consequences for the behaviors
      exhibited by identified individuals.

PMID- 6833165
TI  - Behavior analysis in consumer affairs: encouraging dental professionals to
      provide consumers with shielding from unnecessary X-ray exposure.
AB  - An unobtrusive observation system was developed to determine the extent to which
      dental professionals in two communities provided lead shielding to patients
      during X-ray exams. A lengthy baseline revealed low and irregular provision of
      shielding among half of these professionals. Subsequently, a program was
      undertaken by a consumer's group in which these professionals were requested to
      provide shielding and were given confidential feedback regarding its use during
      the baseline period. The provision of shielding dramatically increased at all
      offices and was maintained throughout a follow-up period extending to more than 9
      months after the program's implementation. Little or no generalized effect was
      observed in the occurrence of three collateral behaviors that were also assessed
      throughout the study.

PMID- 6833168
TI  - A participative management approach for improving direct-care staff performance
      in an institutional setting.
AB  - The present study evaluated a participative management approach for increasing
      the frequency of interactions between institutional staff and severely/profoundly
      retarded residents. The participative management approach involved teaching staff
      how to use self-monitoring, standard setting, self-evaluation, and self
      reinforcement procedures. These procedures were then used by staff with minimal
      involvement of supervisory personnel. Although supervisors provided feedback and
      praise to staff for using these self-management behaviors, feedback and praise
      were never dispensed contingent on staff interactions with residents. Results
      indicated that during the participative management program there was an increase
      in staff interactions that were contingent on appropriate resident behavior. The
      increase in this type of staff interaction was accompanied by an increase in
      appropriate resident behavior. Follow-up data on both staff and resident
      behaviors, although showing moderating trends, suggested generally good
      maintenance of the initial behavior changes. Acceptability data suggested that
      staff were quite receptive to the program. The advantages of participative
      management procedures for improving staff performance in residential settings are
      discussed.

PMID- 6833167
TI  - Operant procedures and the comatose patient.
AB  - Operant procedures were tested on three patients who had been in vegetative coma
      for 6 months, 10 months, and 38 months. A discrete trial procedure was used to
      test compliance to verbal requests for three behaviors for each patient,
      including lateral head movement or finger movement, eye focus or eye squeeze, and
      mouth movement. The design for each patient consisted of multiple baselines
      across three behaviors with a withdrawal phase and a reinstatement phase (ABAB)
      for one behavior. Baseline phases were followed by contingent music phases in
      which 15-second taped excerpts of patients' preferred music sounded immediately
      following the emission of targeted behaviors. The contingent music treatment
      affected all three behaviors for Patient 1, but was less effective for two out of
      three behaviors for the second and third patients who had been in coma for more
      extensive periods of time. Results are discussed in terms of the potential
      contributions of the use of operant assessment and treatment procedures in an
      area of medicine where they have not been used before.

PMID- 6833169
TI  - Dining out with children: effectiveness of a parent advice package on pre-meal in
      appropriate behavior.
AB  - The effectiveness of an advice package designed to restructure the restaurant
      environment and encourage parent praise was examined. Experiment 1 assessed the
      usefulness of the package when used with experimenter assistance. Videotapes were
      used to record the target child's behavior. Pre-meal inappropriate behavior
      decreased an average of 51% across target children. Mealtime inappropriate
      behavior and parent praise and disapproval were also measured. Experiment 2 was
      designed to determine whether families could implement the package without
      experimenter assistance and whether effects obtained would generalize to a
      different restaurant. Data were taken in vivo. Nine families were randomly
      assigned to one of three groups. Group assignment determined the order in which
      families went to two restaurants, the number of dinners each family participated
      in, and the point at which parents received the advice package. The order in
      which the families went to the two restaurants as well as the number of baseline
      meals was counterbalanced. Results of Experiment 2 showed that, when using the
      advice package, parents in all sequences were able to decrease pre-meal
      inappropriate behavior of their children, and that these effects generalized to a
      second restaurant.

PMID- 6833172
TI  - Frequency of resistance to trimethoprim among isolates of Staphylococcus
      epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
AB  - Four hundred and forty-nine strains of staphylococci, 386 Staphylococcus
      epidermidis and 63 Staph. saprophyticus were tested by MIC and disc for
      susceptibility to trimethoprim. About 30% of clinically significant strains of
      Staph. epidermidis were resistant to trimethoprim; this fell to 12.6% in strains
      from normal flora. The frequency of resistance among clinically significant
      strains did not alter from 1976 to 1980. Strains of Staph. saprophyticus were
      uniformly sensitive to trimethoprim.

PMID- 6833171
TI  - Leishmania mexicana: drug sensitivities of promastigotes and transforming
      amastigotes.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the effects of a range of antiprotozoal drugs and
      other metabolic inhibitors upon growing promastigotes and transforming
      amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana. Amastigotes transforming to
      promastigotes in vitro were highly susceptible to 2-mercaptoacetate, 4
      pentenoate, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, ethidium bromide, acridine orange,
      pentamidine isethionate, allopurinol, amphotericin B, menoctone and pentostam.
      Promastigotes were in most cases less sensitive to these inhibitors. The results
      reiterate that the biochemical differences between the two developmental forms
      are reflected in their sensitivities to inhibitors. The transformation in vitro
      of Leishmania amastigotes to promastigotes may be a useful model for use as a
      primary screen for antileishmanial agents.

PMID- 6833170
TI  - The effects of a child's self-evaluation program on compliance with parental
      instructions in the home.
AB  - A self-evaluation program was implemented with a kindergarten-aged boy in the
      home to increase compliance with parent instructions and decrease inappropriate
      verbal behavior. The self-evaluation package included the child's assessing the
      appropriateness of his behavior in 5-min intervals, receiving chips for positive
      self-evaluations, and exchanging chips for a reward following experimental
      sessions. In a reversal design, analyses were conducted of the effectiveness of
      the self-evaluation program, the requisite conditions for effective child
      behavior change with a self-evaluation approach, and the parent's efficiency in
      using the self-evaluation package. The self-evaluation procedures typically
      resulted in increased compliant behavior and decreased inappropriate behavior,
      although the effects generally weakened with time. Behavioral gains were greater
      and better maintained when the self-evaluation procedures were preceded by a
      phase of external evaluation via the mother than by baseline, suggesting that
      self-evaluation procedures may serve more to maintain the effects of external
      evaluation rather than to induce their own changes. The parent generally was
      efficient in implementing the procedures. Research and clinical implications for
      using self-evaluation procedures in a home setting are discussed.

PMID- 6833174
TI  - Liquid chromatographic assay for trimethoprim in sputum and saliva.

PMID- 6833173
TI  - The in-vitro activity of O-demethylfortimicin.
AB  - The activity of O-demethylfortimicin against ampicillin, cefazolin and
      carbenicillin resistant bacteria was determined. O-Demethylfortimicin showed
      excellent in-vitro activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      Enterobacter cloacae, Ent. agglomerans, Ent. aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii,
      Proteus vulgaris, Morganella, and Providencia inhibiting these organisms at less
      than or equal to 3.1 mg/l. It was particularly effective against Ent. cloacae and
      Serratia marcescens that were resistant to cefotaxime, cefoperazone and
      moxalactam. O-Demethylfortimicin did not show particularly good activity against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter or other Pseudomonas species, MIC90 values
      were 100 mg/l. Combination of O-demethylfortimicin and ticarcillin or cefsulodin
      tested against Ps. aeruginosa were primarily indifferent. Combination of O
      demethylfortimicin and ticarcillin showed partial synergy for 65% of Enterobacter
      isolates.

PMID- 6833175
TI  - Phthalate pathway of phenanthrene metabolism: formation of 2'
      carboxybenzalpyruvate.
AB  - The metabolism of phenanthrene by a gram-negative organism able to use this
      compound as a sole source of carbon and energy has been examined. 1-Hydroxy-2
      naphthoic acid was oxidized by oxygen in a reaction catalyzed by a dioxygenase
      which was activated by ferrous ions. The stoichiometry of the oxidation and the
      UV spectrum of the product were consistent with the identification of the product
      as 2'-carboxybenzalpyruvate. This was confirmed by cleaving the product with a
      partially purified aldolase to yield 2-carboxybenzaldehyde and pyruvate. A number
      of enzymes for the metabolism of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid were induced by
      growth on phthalate or (less well) by growth on protocatechuate. The latter
      supported only a slow rate of growth, and this and poor induction may have been
      due to a slow rate of entry into the cell.

PMID- 6833176
TI  - Proton efflux coupled to dark H2 oxidation in whole cells of a marine sulfur
      photosynthetic bacterium (Chromatium sp. strain Miami PBS1071).
AB  - Whole cells of photoanaerobically grown Chromatium sp. strain Miami PBS1071, a
      marine sulfur purple bacterium, oxidized H2 in the dark through the oxyhydrogen
      reaction at rates of up to 59 nmol of H2 per mg (dry weight) per min. H2
      oxidation was routinely measured in H2 pulse experiments with air-equilibrated
      cells. The reaction was accompanied by a reversible H+ efflux from the cells,
      suggesting an outward H+ translocation reaction coupled to H2 oxidation. The H+/e
      ratio, calculated from simultaneous measurements of H2, O2, and H+ changes in
      the medium, varied with the cultures from 0.7 to 1.2. The ratio increased
      considerably when the backflow of H+ was taken into account. Anaerobic H2 uptake
      with 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoguinone as an oxidant also showed a weak H+
      translocating activity. No H+-translocating activity was detected with methylene
      blue as an oxidant. Carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (1 microM) stimulated
      H2 oxidation and abolished the associated H+ changes when H2 oxidation was
      observed in O2 pulse experiments with H2-Ar-equilibrated cells. However, the
      uncoupler inhibited both H2 oxidation and H+ changes when measurements were made
      in H2 pulse experiments with air-equilibrated cells. It is suggested that in this
      bacterium the susceptibility of hydrogenase to reversible O2 inactivation in situ
      is enhanced by the presence of uncoupling agents.

PMID- 6833179
TI  - Use of randomly cloned DNA fragments for identification of Bacteroides
      thetaiotaomicron.
AB  - Randomly cloned fragments of DNA from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were used as
      hybridization probes for differentiation of B. thetaiotaomicron from closely
      related Bacteroides species. HindIII digestion fragments of DNA from B.
      thetaiotaomicron (type strain) were inserted into plasmid pBR322 and labeled with
      [alpha-32P]dCTP by nick translation. These labeled plasmids were screened for
      hybridization to HindIII digests of chromosomal DNA from type strains of the
      following human colonic Bacteroides species: B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides
      ovatus, reference strain 3452-A (formerly part of B. distasonis), Bacteroides
      uniformis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides distasonis,
      Bacteroides eggerthii, and reference strain B5-21 (formerly B. fragilis subsp.
      a). Two of the five cloned fragments hybridized only to DNA from B.
      thetaiotaomicron. Each of these two fragments hybridized to the same DNA
      restriction fragment in five strains of B. thetaiotaomicron other than the strain
      from which the DNA was cloned. One of the cloned fragments (pBT2) was further
      tested for specificity by determining its ability to hybridize to DNA from 65
      additional strains of colonic Bacteroides.

PMID- 6833177
TI  - Purine and glycine metabolism by purinolytic clostridia.
AB  - Cell extracts of Clostridium acidiurici, C. cylindrosporum, and C. purinolyticum
      converted purine, hypoxanthine, 2-hydroxypurine, 6,8-dihydroxypurine, and uric
      acid into xanthine by the shortest possible route. Adenine was transformed to
      xanthine only by C. purinolyticum, whereas the other two species formed 6-amino-8
      hydroxypurine, which was neither deaminated nor hydroxylated further. 8
      Hydroxypurine was formed from purine by all three species. Xanthine dehydrogenase
      activity was constitutively expressed by C. purinolyticum. Due to the lability of
      the enzyme activity, comparative studies could not be done with a purified
      preparation. All enzymes reported to be involved in formiminoglycine metabolism
      of C. acidiurici and C. cylindrosporum were present in C. purinolyticum. However,
      glycine was reduced directly to acetate in all three species, as indicated by
      radiochemical data and by the detection of glycine reductase in cell extracts of
      C. cylindrosporum and C. purinolyticum. The expression of glycine reductase and
      the high ratio of glycine fermented to uric acid present points to an energetic
      advantage for the glycine reductase system, which is expressed when selenium
      compounds are added to the growth media.

PMID- 6833178
TI  - Comparison of cytochromes from anaerobically and aerobically grown cells of
      Pseudomonas perfectomarinus.
AB  - Pseudomonas perfectomarinus (ATCC 14405) is a facultative anaerobe capable of
      either oxygen respiration or anaerobic nitrate respiration, i.e.,
      denitrification. A comparative study of the electron transfer components of cells
      revealed five c-type cytochromes and cytochrome cd in the soluble fraction from
      anaerobically grown cells and four c-type cytochromes in the soluble fraction
      from aerobically grown cells. Purification procedures yielded three c-type
      cytochromes (designated c-551, c-554, and acidic c-type) from both kinds of cells
      as indicated by similarities in absorption spectra, molecular weight, and
      electrophoretic mobility. Cytochrome cd, a diheme c-type cytochrome (cytochrome c
      552), and a split-alpha c-type cytochrome were recovered only from anaerobically
      grown cells. A c-type cytochrome with a low ratio of alpha to beta absorption
      peak heights was uniquely present in the aerobically grown cells. Liquid N2
      temperature absorption spectroscopy on the membrane fraction from anaerobically
      grown cells revealed residual cytochrome cd as well as differences in the
      relative amounts of c-type and b-type cytochromes in membranes prepared from
      cells grown under the two different conditions.

PMID- 6833180
TI  - Products of phospholipid metabolism in Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The products of phospholipid turnover in Bacillus stearothermophilus were
      determined in cultures labeled to equilibrium and with short pulses of
      [32P]phosphate and [2-3H]glycerol. Label lost from the cellular lipid pool was
      recovered in three fractions: low-molecular-weight extracellular products,
      extracellular lipid, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The low-molecular-weight
      turnover products were released from the cells during the first 10 to 20 min of a
      60-min chase period and appeared to be derived primarily from
      phosphatidylglycerol turnover. Phosphatidylethanolamine, which appeared to be
      synthesized in part from the phosphatidyl group of phosphatidylglycerol, was
      released from the cell but was not degraded. The major product of phospholipid
      turnover was LTA. Essentially all of the label lost from the lipid pool during
      the final 40 min of the chase period was recovered as extracellular LTA. The LTA
      appeared to be derived primarily from the turnover of cardiolipin and the
      phosphatidyl group of phosphatidylglycerol. Three types of LTA were isolated; an
      extracellular LTA was recovered from the culture medium, and two types of LTA
      were extracted from membrane preparations or whole-cell lysates by the hot phenol
      water procedure. Cells contained 1.5 to 2.5 mg of cellular LTA per g of cells
      (dry weight), over 50% of which remained associated with the membrane when cells
      were fractionated. Over 75% of the 3H label incorporated into the cellular LTA
      pool during a 90-min labeling period was released from the cells during the first
      cell doubling after the chase. Label lost from the lipid pool was incorporated
      into cellular LTA which was then modified and released into the culture medium.

PMID- 6833181
TI  - Respiratory chain of the alkalophilic bacterium Bacillus firmus RAB and its non
      alkalophilic mutant derivative.
AB  - The membrane-bound respiratory chain components of alkalophilic Bacillus firmus
      RAB were studied by difference spectroscopy and oxidation-reduction
      potentiometric titrations. Cytochromes with the following midpoint potentials
      were identified at pH 9.0: a-type cytochromes, +110 and +210 mV; b-type
      cytochromes, +20, -120, -280, and -400 mV; and cytochrome c, +60 mV. Only the
      higher-potential cytochrome a showed an upward shift in midpoint potential when
      titrated at pH 7.0. Parallel studies of a non-alkalophilic mutant derivative of
      B. firmus RAB, strain RABN, revealed the presence of only one species each of a-,
      b-, and c-type cytochromes which exhibited midpoint potentials of +110, -150, and
      +160 mV, respectively, at pH 7.0. Membranes of both strains were found to contain
      menaquinone. At pH 9.0, NADH caused the reduction of essentially all of the
      cytochromes that were seen in fully reduced preparations of wild-type B. firmus
      RAB membranes. By contrast, at pH 7.0, NADH failed to appreciably reduce the b
      type cytochromes. These findings may relate to our recent proposal that an
      inadequacy in energy transduction (production of a proton motive force) by the
      alkalophilic respiratory chain at pH 7.0 is what precludes the growth of B.
      firmus RAB at a neutral pH.

PMID- 6833182
TI  - Intracellular accumulation of extracellular proteins by pleiotropic export
      mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - Pleiotropic export mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained which are unable
      to release protease, hemolysin, and glycerophospholipid:cholesterol
      acyltransferase. The synthesis of the proteins was not impaired; they were
      accumulated in active forms inside the mutant cells. The hemolysin could be
      isolated from cell contents by immunoprecipitation in a form with the same
      apparent molecular weight as the wild-type extracellular product, as determined
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Because both the
      protease and the hemolysin could be released from the mutant cells by osmotic
      shock, it was concluded that they were accumulated in the periplasmic space. Some
      mutants were missing two major outer membrane proteins, both of which reappeared
      in revertants with the wild-type excretory phenotype. Another mutant class had a
      normal outer membrane protein profile. That two different mutant classes could be
      obtained indicates that at least two gene products may be needed for export after
      protein translocation through the inner membrane. The accumulation of proteins
      which can be released by osmotic shock suggests that the periplasm may be part of
      the normal route for protein export.

PMID- 6833184
TI  - Inhibition of chitin synthesis in the cell wall of Coccidioides immitis by
      polyoxin D.
AB  - The cell walls of both growth phases of Coccidioides immitis were studied by
      light and electron microscopy and biochemical procedures in an effort to assess
      the role of chitin in the fungus. Inhibition of normal chitin synthesis in the
      spherule by exposure to several concentrations of polyoxin D (PD) led to multiple
      morphological effects. Exposure of the mycelial phase to significantly higher
      levels of the compound had no morphological effect, as determined by
      autoradiography and light and electron microscopy. However, when equal masses of
      both morphological phases were treated with PD and pulsed with labeled N
      acetylglucosamine, there was a greater relative (percent) reduction of
      incorporation of label in PD-treated mycelia compared with that of spherules.
      Nevertheless, the treated and untreated mycelia incorporated severalfold more
      counts than did corresponding spherules. The results suggest that chitin is
      important in maintaining the structural integrity of the spherule phase, but the
      role of chitin in the mycelial phase is less clear.

PMID- 6833183
TI  - Diversity of locations for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes.
AB  - The location of crystal protein genes in 22 crystalliferous Bacillus
      thuringiensis strains representing 14 subspecies was investigated by
      hybridization of an intragenic restriction fragment from a cloned crystal protein
      gene to whole plasmid preparations. Hybridization was found to a single plasmid
      in eight strains, to more than one plasmid in seven strains, and to one or both
      of two large, unresolved plasmids in two strains. The sizes of the hybridized
      plasmids ranged from 33 to over 150 megadaltons. In one additional subspecies,
      hybridization was only to linear DNA fragments, suggesting a chromosomal crystal
      protein gene, and for four other subspecies, not reported to be toxic to
      lepidopteran insects, no hybridization was found to either plasmids or to total
      cell DNA. Hybridization to restriction digests of plasmids and total cell DNA of
      several strains of subspecies thuringiensis and kurstaki revealed that all
      homology to the cloned crystal protein gene was plasmid associated and that
      several of these strains contained multiple regions of homology, implying the
      presence of multiple crystal protein genes.

PMID- 6833185
TI  - Development and nature of the partition layer in Tilletia caries teliospore
      walls.
AB  - Developing Tilletia caries teliospores were studied with thin sectioning
      procedures. After the W1 and W2 spore walls are formed, lamellar material begins
      to form adjacent to the W2 wall layer. The patches of lamellar material become
      continuous, and additional layers are added. After the W3 wall starts to form,
      the lamellar material is difficult to see without special staining. The lamellar
      material makes it difficult to get resins to penetrate the partition layer of
      teliospore walls.

PMID- 6833190
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias and ECT.

PMID- 6833189
TI  - Cortical venous thrombosis presenting as catatonia: a clinicopathologic report.

PMID- 6833188
TI  - Anorexia Nervosa in twins: case report and review.
AB  - The cases of a pair of monozygotic female twins simultaneously concordant for
      anorexia nervosa area reported. About half of the previously reported cases of
      anorexia nervosa in twins are concordant; however, interpretation of the clinical
      data reviewed is difficult because diagnostic criteria are not always clear.
      Clinical parallels between anorexia nervosa and folie a deux are discussed.

PMID- 6833186
TI  - Surface rodlets of Tilletia indica teliospores.
AB  - Tilletia indica teliospores were studied by use of thin sections and freeze-etch
      replicas. Surfaces of these spores have rodlet patterns which differ from those
      previously reported for spores of other fungi. The rodlets on T. indica
      teliospores average 240 nm in length and are not grouped into fascicles.

PMID- 6833191
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 6833192
TI  - ECT for dementia and catatonia.

PMID- 6833187
TI  - Proton electrochemical gradients in washed cells of Nitrosomonas europaea and
      Nitrobacter agilis.
AB  - The components of the proton motive force (Deltap), namely, membrane potential
      (Deltapsi) and transmembrane pH gradient (DeltapH), were determined in the
      nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter agilis. In these
      bacteria both Deltapsi and DeltapH were dependent on external pH. Thus at pH 8.0,
      Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter agilis had Deltapsi values of 173 mV and
      125 mV (inside negative), respectively, as determined by the distribution of the
      lipophilic cation [(3)H]tetraphenyl phosphonium. Intracellular pH was determined
      by the distribution of two weak acids, (14)C-benzoic and (14)C-acetyl salicylic,
      and the weak base [(14)C]methylamine. Nitrosomonas europaea accumulated (14)C
      benzoic acid and (14)C-acetyl salicylic acid when the external pH was below 7.0
      and [(14)C]methylamine at alkaline pH. Similarly, Nitrobacter agilis accumulated
      the two weak acids below an external pH of about 7.5 and [(14)C]methylamine above
      this pH. As these bacteria grow best between pH 7.5 and 8.0, they do not appear
      to have a DeltapH (inside alkaline). Thus, above pH 7.0 for Nitrosomonas europaea
      and pH 7.5 for Nitrobacter agilis, Deltapsi only contributed to Deltap. In
      Nitrosomonas europaea the total Deltap remained almost constant (145 to 135 mV)
      when the external pH was varied from 6 to 8.5. In Nitrobacter agilis, Deltap
      decreased from 178 mV (inside negative) at pH 6.0 to 95 mV at pH 8.5.
      Intracellular pH in Nitrosomonas europaea varied from 6.3 at an external pH of
      6.0 to 7.8 at external pH 8.5. In Nitrobacter agilis, however, intracellular pH
      was relatively constant (7.3 to 7.8) over an external pH range of 6 to 8.5. In
      Nitrosomonas europaea, Deltap and its components (Deltapsi and DeltapH) remained
      constant in cells at various stages of growth, so that the metabolic state of
      cells did not affect Deltap. Such an experiment was not possible with Nitrobacter
      agilis because of low cell yields. The effects of protonophores and ATPase
      inhibitors on DeltapH and Deltapsi in the two nitrifying bacteria are considered.

PMID- 6833193
TI  - DSM-III in the clinical practice of child psychiatry.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of DSM-III was assessed by examining its inclusiveness,
      its correspondence to DSM-II, and difficulties encountered in its use in
      evaluations of 108 children. DSM-III covered adequately a wide range of
      diagnostic entities, showed relatively good correspondence to DSM-II with some
      exceptions, and presented relatively few major difficulties in a child psychiatry
      clinic setting. DSM-III seems likely to be accepted and used by a majority of
      practicing child psychiatrists.

PMID- 6833195
TI  - Neurologically silent brain tumors in psychiatric hospital admissions: three
      cases and a review.
AB  - Three cases are described of patients with brain tumors who presented to a
      psychiatric hospital with disturbances in behavior or thinking. Neurologic signs
      and symptoms were absent or minimal in all cases, and psychiatric signs and
      symptoms were intermittent in two cases. The literature is reviewed and it is
      noted that tumors cannot be localized definitively by their psychiatric
      presentation. Further, patients with psychiatric symptoms secondary to brain
      tumors may respond to treatment with psychotropic medications. One of these cases
      is the fourth patient reported in the English language literature who meets the
      criteria for secondary mania due to a brain tumor.

PMID- 6833194
TI  - Electrocardiographic effects of tranylcypromine vs. amitriptyline.
AB  - The authors compared ECG changes during the course of treatment with a tricyclic
      antidepressant (amitriptyline) or a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine)
      in 22 adult psychiatric patients. Amitriptyline-treated patients showed increased
      heart rate, PR, QRS, and QTc intervals. Tranylcypromine-treated patients showed
      no significant changes in ECG parameters. The clinical significance of the
      differing pattern of ECG effects for tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine
      oxidase inhibitors is discussed.

PMID- 6833196
TI  - Mania scale scores, signs, and symptoms in forty inpatients.
AB  - Forty inpatients receiving routine treatment for acute mania were rated for
      severity of psychopathology using a new Mania Rating Scale (MRS). Ratings wer
      obtained during the first week in hospital and 2 weeks thereafter. A wide range
      of scores was obtained at both ratings. There were significant decreases between
      ratings in the frequency of some but not all diagnostic signs and symptoms.
      Patients with sufficient signs and symptoms for a cross-sectional diagnosis of
      mania had significantly greater total MRS scores than those with fewer signs and
      symptoms. The range of overlap in total MRS scores between these groups was
      noted.

PMID- 6833199
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Four patients who developed anorexia nervosa after the onset of diabetes mellitus
      are described. It is postulated that the co-occurrence of the two conditions was
      not coincidental, but that each contributed to the development of the other. The
      nature and treatment of diabetes offer numerous opportunities for the anorexic
      patient to lose weight by a variety of dangerous maneuvers, including adjustment
      of the insulin dose, failure to inject insulin, secret vomiting, and failure to
      provide urine samples. Treatment of patients with both conditions is a
      therapeutic challenge to the psychiatrist and diabetologist. A behavior
      management program combined with psychotherapy is most often effective.

PMID- 6833197
TI  - Arson in mentally ill and criminal populations.
AB  - Two groups of adult arsonists, 27 with mental illness and 23 not considered to be
      mentally ill, were examined for demographic features, premorbid factors, motives,
      and family background. Almost half (46%) of the mentally ill arsonists were
      mentally retarded. A large proportion of the not-mentally-ill group committed
      arson as a "crime of passion," 33% of which occurred under the influence of
      alcohol. Both groups reported a high proportion of absent fathers and seriously
      disturbed family relations. The relationship of these acts to sexual impulses was
      found to be minimal, a finding that contrasts with case report studies.

PMID- 6833201
TI  - Mania with onset in the eighth decade: two cases and a review.

PMID- 6833198
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - The authors describe the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in eight
      patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. In four cases, the MAOIs
      produced rapid and sustained remission of symptoms; no response was seen in four
      other patients. All patients who responded to MAOIs, but none of the
      nonresponders, had phobic anxiety and/or panic attacks. Thus, a trial of MAOIs is
      indicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially when phobic anxiety or
      panic attacks form part of the clinical picture.

PMID- 6833202
TI  - A simple mathematical model for predicting lithium dose requirement.
AB  - Available methods of predicting lithium dose have been based on kinetics of a
      single test dose. A statistically based mathematical model was developed in which
      lithium dose is derived by stepwise multiple linear regression based on desired
      level, form of lithium, concomitant tricyclic use, age, sex, and weight.
      Predictions of the model were correct to within 300 mg in 66% of the 100 initial
      cases and within 600 mg in 94% of cases. A validation study of 112 additional
      cases revealed similar percentage. The simple mathematical expression derived
      from record review allows the clinician to calculate the relationship of steady
      state lithium dosage to serum level prior to initiating treatment.

PMID- 6833203
TI  - Maprotiline-induced hypnopompic hallucinations.

PMID- 6833205
TI  - Desipramine-associated SIADH in an elderly woman: case report.
AB  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has
      numerous etiologies, including medical illness, stress, and various pharmacologic
      agents. While a number of psychotropic agents may induce SIADH, only a few
      reports of tricyclic-antidepressant-induced SIADH exist. A case of SIADH
      associated with desipramine treatment in an elderly depressed woman is described.

PMID- 6833204
TI  - Psychosis following cyclobenzaprine use.

PMID- 6833207
TI  - DSM-III and publishing policies.

PMID- 6833206
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and catatonia: a case report.

PMID- 6833200
TI  - Effect of lithium on leukocytes: a two-year follow-up.
AB  - Leukocytosis is a common finding in patients given lithium salts, but few studies
      have addressed the possibility of persistent leukocyte elevation during long-term
      lithium therapy. We followed leukocyte counts in 32 manic-depressive patients
      over a 1-year period and in 25 over a 2-year period of lithium therapy, after
      establishing prelithium leukocyte baselines. During the first few weeks, most
      patients showed significant increases, which persisted throughout the course of
      treatment. These findings indicate that lithium might play a role in the
      treatment of certain leukopenic conditions.

PMID- 6833208
TI  - In favor of arguments.

PMID- 6833211
TI  - Efficient and highly selective covalent labeling of the estrogen receptor with
      [3H]tamoxifen aziridine.

PMID- 6833210
TI  - On the enzymatic basis for mutagenesis by manganese.
AB  - The effects of manganese on DNA synthesis fidelity are measured using T4 DNA
      polymerase. When the nucleotide analogue 2-aminopurine deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphate competes against dATP at thymine sites on template DNA, the
      aminopurine misincorporation frequency increases from 6.3% in the presence of
      Mg2+ to 29.2% in the presence of Mn2+. The major cause of the increased error
      rate is an approximate 4-fold increase in the frequency of aminopurine
      misinsertions. Exonucleolytic proofreading of aminopurine is similar in the
      presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+. However, the excision frequency of the correct
      nucleotide, dAMP, is increased 2-fold with Mn2+. In experiments in which
      insertion and incorporation velocities of aminopurine and adenine are measured
      independently of each other, a 5- to 10-fold decrease in the Michaelis constant
      for aminopurine is observed in the presence of Mn2+ compared to a 2-fold decrease
      in the Km for adenine. In contrast to the marked differential reduction in the
      ratio of aminopurine to adenine Km values, the maximum insertion velocities of
      both nucleotides are reduced by similar amounts (40-fold). We suggest that the
      mutagenic action of Mn2+ can be attributed primarily to a significant
      differential increase in binding of mispaired relative to correctly paired
      nucleotides to the polymerase-template complex. The resulting increase in the
      ratio of residence times for mispaired compared with correctly paired nucleotides
      on the complex results in their increased frequency of misinsertion. A smaller
      contributing factor to Mn2+-induced mutagenesis is a loss of proofreading
      specificity. We propose that the losses in both the specificities of nucleotide
      insertion and excision (proofreading) share a common molecular origin in which
      nucleotides are bound in the presence of Mn2+ in distorted configurations at the
      polymerase insertion and excision active sites resulting in increased nonspecific
      enzyme-substrate binding forces at the expense of template-substrate base pair
      specific hydrogen bonds.

PMID- 6833212
TI  - Communication between catalytic and regulatory subunits in Ni(II)- and Co(II)
      aspartate transcarbamoylase. Ligand-promoted structural alterations at the
      intersubunit bonding domains.
AB  - The cooperativity with respect to substrates exhibited by allosteric enzymes as
      well as their inhibition and activation by effectors is mediated through the
      propagation of conformational changes from the site of ligand binding on one
      polypeptide chain to other, unliganded chains. This "communication" between
      subunits in the enzyme is achieved in part by changes at the intersubunit bonding
      domains as the oligomeric enzymes are converted from the low affinity state to a
      conformation of high affinity. Structural alterations at the bonding domains
      between the catalytic and regulatory subunits of aspartate transcarbamoylase from
      Escherichia coli were detected in derivatives containing either nickel or cobalt
      in place of the endogenous zinc ion bound to each of the six regulatory chains.
      These metal-substituted derivatives exhibited physical-chemical and allosteric
      properties identical to those of the native enzyme. Spectral analyses indicated
      that both nickel and cobalt are bound to the enzyme in a distorted tetrahedral
      environment. With the nickel ions serving as spectral probes for structural
      alterations at the intersubunit bonding domains, it was observed that the
      substrate, carbamoyl phosphate, and the bisubstrate ligand, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L
      aspartate caused different changes. The substrate analog, succinate, alone had no
      effect. However, the combination of both carbamoyl phosphate and succinate
      produced the same spectral change as that caused by the bisubstrate analog.
      Circular dichroism measurements on the nickel derivative showed that the
      perturbation at 360 nm was directly proportional to the extent of occupancy of
      the six active sites by the bisubstrate ligand. In contrast, the changes at 406
      and 460 nm coincided with the gross conformational change measured by the
      decrease in the sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme. These latter changes in
      the circular dichroism and the alterations in the absorption spectrum were
      complete even though about one-third of the active sites were unliganded.

PMID- 6833213
TI  - The primary structure of human serum transferrin. The structures of seven
      cyanogen bromide fragments and the assembly of the complete structure.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of seven cyanogen bromide fragments of human serum
      transferrin have been determined, and the primary structure of transferrin
      established by determining the order of these and three additional fragments
      (Sutton, M. R., MacGillivray, R. T. A., and Brew, K. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 51,
      43-48) in the polypeptide chain. The order of the fragments was deduced from
      peptides that overlap methionyl residues which were obtained by thermolysin
      digestion of performic acid-oxidized transferrin or by partial peptic hydrolysis
      of unmodified transferrin, together with other evidence. The polypeptide chain of
      transferrin contains 679 amino acid residues, which together with the two N
      linked oligosaccharide chains gives a calculated molecular weight of 79,570.
      Transferrin consists of two homologous domains (residues 1-336, 337-679), each
      associated with a single Fe-binding site, with both sites of glycosylation in the
      carboxyl-terminal domain at positions 413 and 611. Consideration of the primary
      structure in relation to previously published results provides information
      concerning the evolutionary development of transferrins and related proteins, and
      the locations of metal-binding residues in the transferrin molecule.

PMID- 6833214
TI  - Increased synthesis and accumulation of phospholipids during differentiation of
      3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes.
AB  - Conversion of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to fully developed adipocytes in culture under
      the influence of dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine, and insulin offers
      a unique system to investigate differentiation-related changes in lipid
      metabolism. Depending on the type of isotopic precursors ([3H2]O, 32Pi, and [1
      14C]acetate) used, a 10-170-fold increase in the rate of incorporation into lipid
      was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes which contained 5-10-fold higher amounts of
      cellular protein/culture than preadipocytes. In preadipocytes and adipocytes, the
      major lipids synthesized were phospholipids, triglycerides, and fatty acids. The
      rate of 32Pi incorporation into total lipids was 21-fold higher in adipocytes
      than that in preadipocytes, and 90% of the total radioactivity in both
      preadipocytes and adipocytes was contributed by phosphatidylcholine (PC),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The content of
      phospholipids was 7-8-fold higher/culture in adipocytes than that in
      preadipocytes, and 65 and 80% of the total phospholipids of preadipocytes and
      adipocytes, respectively, were composed of PC and PE. Based on DNA measurements,
      there was a 3-fold increase in phospholipids and an approximately 3-fold increase
      in protein/cell. During 3T3-L1 adipose conversion, a detectable increase in
      cellular protein, triglycerides, and phospholipids was observed on day 3 after
      induction and, thereafter, these constituents increased continuously up to day
      11. Among the different phospholipids of both preadipocytes and differentiating
      3T3-L1 cells, PC, PE, and PI exhibited significant changes in their rate of 32Pi
      incorporation during adipogenesis. While there was a continuous increase in the
      incorporation of 32Pi into PI, there was preferential incorporation of 32Pi into
      PC and PE, the significance of which is not clear. The increase in phospholipids
      and protein content during adipogenesis suggests that phospholipids are required
      for membrane biosynthesis.

PMID- 6833215
TI  - 15N-tracer and NMR studies on the pathway of denitrification. Evidence against
      trioxodinitrate but for nitroxyl as an intermediate.
AB  - The effects of four species of denitrifying bacteria on the conversion of
      [15N]nitrite to trioxodinitrate (HN2O3-) and N2O and of trioxodinitrate to N2O
      were studied. For all species, the N2O produced in the presence of [15N]nitrite
      and trioxodinitrate was isotopically randomized throughout the period of
      incubation and was not composed at the outset predominantly of 14N2O or 14N2O
      plus 15N2O. The N2O produced was also heavily enriched in 15N at times when the
      trioxodinitrate pool was only weakly enriched in 15N. By 15N NMR, the N(2)
      position, but not the N(1) position, of trioxodinitrate was found to become
      progressively labeled with 15N during incubation with [15N]nitrite. These results
      argue that (a) the N-N bond of trioxodinitrate is not preserved in its conversion
      to N2O, (b) trioxodinitrate can be neither a free nor enzyme-bound intermediate
      in denitrifying bacteria, and (c) the pathways from nitrite and trioxodinitrate
      involve a common mononitrogen intermediate. The conclusion that this intermediate
      is probably nitroxyl (HNO), at least with Paracoccus denitrificans and
      Pseudomonas stutzeri, provides indirect evidence that N-N bond formation in
      denitrification can occur through the dimerization of nitroxyl.

PMID- 6833216
TI  - The purification and function of acetyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein
      transacylase.
AB  - When individual enzyme activities of the fatty acid synthetase (FAS) system were
      assayed in extracts from five different plant tissues, acetyl-CoA:acyl carrier
      protein (ACP) transacylase and beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthetases I and II had
      consistently low specific activities in comparison with the other enzymes of the
      system. However, two of these extracts synthesized significant levels of medium
      chain fatty acids (rather than C16 and C18 acid) from [14C]malonyl-CoA; these
      extracts had elevated levels of acetyl-CoA:ACP transacylase. To explore the role
      of the acetyl transacylase more carefully, this enzyme was purified some 180-fold
      from spinach leaf extracts. Varying concentrations of the transacylase were then
      added either to spinach leaf extracts or to a completely reconstituted FAS system
      consisting of highly purified enzymes. The results suggested that: (a) acetyl
      CoA:ACP transacylase was the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the
      plant FAS system; (b) increasing concentration of this enzyme markedly increased
      the levels of the medium chain fatty acids, whereas increase of the other enzymes
      of the FAS system led to increased levels of stearic acid synthesis; and (c) beta
      ketoacyl-ACP synthetase I was not involved in the rate-limiting step. It is
      suggested that modulation of the activity of acetyl-CoA:ACP transacylase may have
      important implications in the type of fatty acid synthesized, as well as the
      amount of fatty acids formed.

PMID- 6833209
TI  - Formation of methylglyoxal from aminoacetone by amine oxidase from goat plasma.
AB  - An enzyme from goat plasma which catalyzes the oxidation of aminoacetone to
      methylglyoxal has been isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity. This enzyme
      has been found to be identical with the well known amine oxidase. Several
      properties of the enzyme have also been described.

PMID- 6833217
TI  - Structural studies of cytochrome P-450 using small angle x-ray scattering.
AB  - We have employed small angle x-ray scattering to examine the solution
      conformation of cytochrome P-450cam in the presence and absence of its substrate,
      camphor. The radius of gyration (Rg) of the protein is found to be 23.9 +/- 0.2 A
      in both states. Comparison of the radius of gyration with that expected for a
      spherical protein of the same molecular weight indicates that P-450 is an
      elongated molecule and that its shape may best be approximated by a cylinder
      about 30 A in diameter and 80 A in length.

PMID- 6833220
TI  - Bile salt-binding polypeptides in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small
      intestine revealed by photoaffinity labeling.
AB  - Photoaffinity labeling of small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles with
      photolabile bile salt derivatives was performed to identify bile salt-binding
      polypeptides in these membranes. The derivatives used in this study were the
      sodium salts of 7,7-azo-3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid, 3
      beta-azido-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid, their
      respective taurine conjugates, and (11 xi-azido-12-oxo-3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy
      5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. With ileal brush-border
      membrane vesicles, photoaffinity labeling resulted in the identification of 5
      polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 125,000, 99,000, 83,000, 67,000,
      and 43,000. The extent of labeling depended on the photolabile derivative
      employed. In jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles, polypeptides with apparent
      molecular weights of 125,000, 94,000, 83,000, 67,000, and 43,000 were labeled.
      The results indicate that the binding polypeptides involved in bile salt
      transport in ileal brush-border membrane vesicles are 1) similar with one
      exception to those concerned with bile salt transport in jejunal brush-border
      membranes, and 2) markedly different from those previously shown to be concerned
      with bile salt transport in plasma membranes of hepatocytes.

PMID- 6833219
TI  - Inhibition of bile salt transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat
      small intestine by photoaffinity labeling.
AB  - The uptake of photolabile bile acid derivative, (7,7-azo-3 alpha, 12 alpha
      dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24 oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate (7,7-azo-TC), was
      investigated in rat ileal brush-border membrane vesicles. The uptake of 7,7-azo
      TC showed a transient vesicle to medium ratio greater than one in the presence of
      a Na+ gradient. The Na+-dependent uptake of 7,7-azo-TC was inhibited by
      taurocholate and vice versa. 130 microM 7,7-azo-TC inhibited Na+-dependent
      taurocholate uptake by 50%. The degree of inhibitory power on taurocholate uptake
      was taurodeoxycholate greater than cholate greater than 7,7-azo-TC. Photoaffinity
      labeling of membrane vesicles with 7,7-azo-TC irreversibly inhibited Na+
      dependent taurocholate and D-glucose transport but not Na+-dependent L-alanine
      transport. Kinetic and photoaffinity labeling experiments indicate that this
      representative photoaffinity probe interacts with the ileal Na+, bile salt
      cotransporter and may be used to identify polypeptide components of this
      transport system.

PMID- 6833221
TI  - Spontaneous chemiluminescence of human breath. Spectrum, lifetime, temporal
      distribution, and correlation with peroxide.
AB  - Human breath spontaneously emits photons at a rate of approximately 7,000/liter
      s. The emission has a peak in the red part of the spectrum and an ultraviolet
      contribution. The emission count rate correlates with peroxide concentration in a
      saturating manner under normal breathing conditions. When trapped in a balloon,
      the breath luminescence count rate has a half-decay time of approximately 20 min
      and exhibits more than one mode of decay. The photomultiplier pulses generated by
      breath luminescence arrive in bursts. The chemiluminescence process appears by
      these criteria to include chain reactions, long-lived emitters, or both.

PMID- 6833218
TI  - Newly identified bile acid binders in rat liver cytosol. Purification and
      comparison with glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - Gel filtration of male rat liver cytosol preincubated with radiolabeled
      lithocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and glycochenodeoxycholic acids, and taurocholic
      acid revealed two major peaks of radioactivity, one co-eluting with the
      glutathione S-transferases and the other with a separate fraction, respectively.
      Chromatofocusing of the pooled fractions containing the new bile acid binding
      activity resulted in a separation of bile acid binding from the previously
      described organic anion binding activity in this fraction. Two binding peaks for
      lithocholic acid (pI 5.6, Binder I, and pI 5.5, Binder II) were identified on
      chromatofocusing and were further purified to apparent homogeneity by
      hydroxyapatite chromatography. The two Binders were monomers having identical
      molecular weight (33,000) and similar amino acid compositions. Bile acid binding
      to purified Binders I and II and glutathione S-transferases A, B, and C was
      studied by inhibition of the fluorescence of bound 1-anilino-8
      naphthalenesulfonate (ANS). Confirmatory experiments using equilibrium dialysis
      produced comparable results. Glutathione S-transferase B had greater affinity for
      bile acids than transferases A or C. Binder II, which had greater affinity than
      Binder I for most bile acids, had greater affinity for chenodeoxycholic acid than
      transferase B but comparable or lower affinities for the other bile acids. All
      bile acids studied diminished ANS fluorescence with Binder II. Taurocholic and
      cholic acids increased ANS fluorescence with Binder I without affecting KANS,
      whereas lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids diminished ANS fluorescence with
      Binder I. In summary, we have identified and isolated two proteins (Binders I and
      II) which, along with glutathione S-transferase B, are the major hepatic cytosol
      bile acid binding proteins; these proteins have overlapping but distinct
      specificities for various bile acids.

PMID- 6833223
TI  - Human serum low density lipoprotein-sodium deoxycholate interaction.
AB  - The binding of sodium deoxycholate to low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a
      relatively fast process, as compared to the lipid displacement reaction and
      solubilization. The initial reaction has a bimolecular rate constant of
      approximately 539 M-1 S-1. In the presence of 1 mM sodium deoxycholate, below
      critical micelle concentration, 0.04 g of sodium deoxycholate was bound per g of
      LDL, resulting in an increase in particle radius from 102 to 128 +/- 0.3 A and an
      axial ratio of 5.6 for a prolate ellipsoid. Such increases were also observed
      using higher sodium deoxycholate concentrations and are apparently due to sodium
      deoxycholate-induced elongation or distortion of certain portions of LDL.

PMID- 6833222
TI  - Activation of human prothrombin by stoichiometric levels of staphylocoagulase.
AB  - The activation of human prothrombin by the bacterial protein staphylocoagulase
      proceeds via the formation of a very stable equimolar complex. Unmasking of the
      active center in the prothrombin moiety of the complex is not caused by limited
      proteolysis. The kinetics of activation of human prothrombin by staphylocoagulase
      has been studied. The second order rate constant at pH 7.5, 37 degrees C, is 3.3
      X 10(6) M-1 S-1. This reaction rate is close to reported diffusion-controlled
      rates of protein-protein interaction. The dissociation constant of the complex
      was too low to be measurable. From the kinetic data it is assumed that the first
      order rate constant for dissociation is orders of magnitude less than 10(-5) S-1.
      However, dissociation of the complex did occur in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. Equimolar amounts of staphylocoagulase protect human thrombin, but not
      human factor Xa and bovine thrombin, against inactivation by antithrombin III.
      From these findings we postulate that tertiary structural changes in the thrombin
      region of prothrombin caused by a highly specific interaction between
      staphylocoagulase and that region unmask the active site.

PMID- 6833224
TI  - Bile acid secretion by cultured rat hepatocytes. Regulation by cholesterol
      availability.

PMID- 6833226
TI  - Studies on the kinetic mechanism of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase has been investigated employing the heptapeptide Kemptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala
      Ser-Leu-Gly) as substrate. Initial velocity measurements performed over a wide
      range of ATP and Kemptide concentrations indicated that the reaction follows a
      sequential mechanistic pathway. In line with this, the results of product and
      substrate inhibition studies, the patterns of dead end inhibition obtained
      employing the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, AMP X PNP (5'
      adenylylimidodiphosphate), and equilibrium binding determinations, taken in
      conjunction with the patterns of inhibition observed with the inhibitor protein
      of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase that are reported in the accompanying paper
      (Whitehouse, S., and Walsh, D.A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3682-3692), are best
      fit by a steady state Ordered Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism. Although the inhibition
      patterns obtained employing the synthetic peptide analogue in which the
      phosphorylatable serine was replaced by alanine were apparently incompatible with
      this mechanism, these inconsistencies appear to be due to some element of the
      structure of this latter peptide such that it is not an ideal dead end inhibitor
      substrate analogue. The data presented both here and in the accompanying paper
      suggest that both this substrate, analogue and the ATP analogue, AMP X PNP, do
      not fully mimic the binding of Kemptide and ATP, respectively, in their mechanism
      of interaction with the protein kinase. It is proposed that, as with some other
      kinase reactions, the configuration of the terminal anhydride bond of ATP assumes
      a conformation once the nucleotide is bound to the protein kinase that assists in
      the binding of either Kemptide or the inhibitor protein but not the alanine
      substituted peptide and that AMP X PNP, because of its terminal phosphorylimido
      bond, cannot assume this conformation which favors protein (or peptide) binding.

PMID- 6833225
TI  - Interactions between alpha-ketoisovalerate metabolism and the pathways of
      gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The mechanism of inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and
      carbamyl phosphate synthetase induced by alpha-ketoisovalerate metabolism has
      been investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with lactate, pyruvate,
      ammonia, and ornithine as substrates. Half-maximum inhibitions of flux through
      each of these enzyme steps were obtained with 0.3 mM alpha-ketoisovalerate. The
      inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase flux by alpha-ketoisovalerate was largely
      reversed by oleate addition, but pyruvate dehydrogenase flux was inhibited
      further. Inhibition of flux through pyruvate carboxylase could be attributed
      mainly to the fall of its allosteric activator, acetyl-CoA, with some additional
      effect due to inhibition by methylmalonyl-CoA. Tissue acetyl-CoA levels decrease
      as a result of an inhibition of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
      Kinetic studies with the purified pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex showed
      that methyl-malonyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and isobutyryl-CoA were inhibitory, the
      latter noncompetitive with CoASH with an apparent Ki of 90 microM. The observed
      inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux correlated with increases of the acetyl
      CoA/CoASH and propionyl-CoA/CoASH ratios and isobutyryl-CoA levels, while
      increases of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio explained differences between the
      effects of alpha-ketoisovalerate and propionate. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I
      purified from rat liver was shown to be inhibited directly by methylmalonyl-CoA
      (apparent Ki of 5 mM). Inhibition of flux through carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      during alpha-ketoisovalerate metabolism could be attributed both to a direct
      inhibitory effect of methyl-malonyl-CoA and to a diminished activation by N
      acetylglutamate. Direct effects of various acyl-CoA metabolites on these key
      enzymes may explain symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia observed in
      patients with inherited disorders of organic acid metabolism.

PMID- 6833227
TI  - Histone deacetylase. Association with a nuclease resistant, high molecular weight
      fraction of HeLa cell chromatin.
AB  - The chromatin-bound histone deacetylase of HeLa cells has been studied using
      endogenous [3H]acetyl-labeled polynucleosomes containing the enzyme, prepared in
      the presence of 40 mM butyrate. Histone deacetylase was assayed upon removal of
      the butyrate, and it was found that active enzyme is found only in association
      with a high molecular weight complex. This deacetylase-containing complex is
      relatively resistant to digestion with micrococcal nuclease. No activity is found
      on mononucleosomes or oligonucleosomes. Up to 90% of labeled acetyl groups are
      removed from histone deacetylase complexes incubated in the absence of butyrate.
      Free histones are a poor substrate under these conditions, but histones in
      mononucleosomes are deacetylated when they are incubated with histone deacetylase
      complex. Histone deacetylase remains bound to this complex in 1-2 M NaCl and does
      not dissociate from it during its reaction with acetylated core histones. Under
      typical nuclease digestion conditions, the histone deacetylase complex contains
      DNA with a size distribution of 5-11 kilobase pairs and a variety of nonhistone
      proteins. Comparison of the protein composition of histone deacetylase complexes
      with that of nuclear matrix preparations shows some similarities. Taken together,
      the results on the chromatographic behavior, the DNA fragment sizes, and the
      protein composition of the deacetylase complex suggest that protein-protein
      interactions may be important in maintaining its structure and also in the
      binding of the deacetylase itself to the complex.

PMID- 6833228
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of CO binding to cytochromes P-450LM2 and P-450LM4. Effect
      of phospholipid, nonionic detergent, and substrate binding.
AB  - The kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to purified, soluble cytochrome P-450LM2
      from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-induced rabbits and P-450LM4 from liver
      microsomes of 5,6-benzoflavone-induced rabbits was determined in the presence of
      catalytically essential phospholipid, d-benzphetamine or nonionic detergent (0.1%
      Tween 80, 0.1% Triton N-101, or 0.3% n-octylglucoside). The kinetics under these
      conditions was consistent with a two-step binding mechanism consisting of
      bimolecular association followed by a unimolecular rearrangement step. However,
      when d-benzphetamine was added to P-450LM2 in the presence of sonicated
      dilauroylglyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (0.15 mM) or any of the above detergents,
      CO binding followed simple second order kinetics with a bimolecular rate constant
      of approximately 3 x 10 M-1 s-1 at 20 degrees C. P-450LM4-CO binding kinetics was
      not affected by concurrent addition of phospholipid and d-benzphetamine. These
      results imply that simultaneous binding of amphiphile and substrate induces a
      conformation of reduced P-450LM2 which is different from that found when either
      substance is bound alone.

PMID- 6833229
TI  - Effect of the complex carbohydrate moiety on the structure of thyroglobulin.

PMID- 6833230
TI  - Malate thiokinase. Evidence for a random site reaction mechanism.
AB  - Half-site reactivity in the malate thiokinase reaction was studied by measuring
      the reaction of enzyme-bound ligands in a series of single turnover experiments.
      A dimeric (alpha beta)2 enzyme form containing [14C] succinyl-CoA on one alpha
      beta subunit pair and [3H]succinyl-CoA on the adjacent alpha beta subunit pair
      was prepared. Reaction of this enzyme species with ATP or inorganic phosphate
      resulted in the release of half of the bound succinyl-CoA. The succinyl-CoA
      released comprised a 50-50 mixture of [14C]- and [3H]succinyl-CoA. Likewise,
      enzyme containing [32P]phosphate on one alpha beta subunit pair and
      nonradioactive phosphate on the adjacent alpha beta subunit pair reacted with ADP
      releasing half of the bound phosphate as a 50-50 mixture of radioactive and
      nonradioactive phosphate. These results serve to exclude an alternating site
      mechanism for the malate thiokinase reaction and support a random reaction of
      liganded subunits. In addition, it has been shown that enzyme containing 1
      phosphate/(alpha beta)2 dimer is inactive toward phosphate transfer. However,
      succinyl-CoA served to activate this enzyme species for phosphate transfer. These
      results can be explained in terms of subunit asymmetry. The simplest model is one
      in which subunit asymmetry is induced upon ligand binding.

PMID- 6833231
TI  - Heparin binding properties of human histidine-rich glycoprotein. Mechanism and
      role in the neutralization of heparin in plasma.
AB  - Human histidine-rich glycoprotein was found to interact strongly with heparin
      both in purified systems and in plasma, resulting in neutralization of the anti
      coagulant activity of heparin. In purified systems, histidine-rich glycoprotein
      and heparin react with apparent 1:1 stoichiometry to form a complex with a
      dissociation constant of 7 nM. Covalent heparin-antithrombin complex still reacts
      with histidine-rich glycoprotein to form a complex with a dissociation constant
      of 29 nM. The interaction between a Mr = 4300-heparin fragment and histidine-rich
      glycoprotein appeared to be more complex. The mechanism of the interaction
      between histidine-rich glycoprotein and heparin appeared to be different from
      that between antithrombin III and heparin, since the former is abolished by EDTA
      and occurs both with heparin molecules having a high affinity or a low affinity
      for antithrombin III. In plasma, histidine-rich glycoprotein efficiently
      counteracts the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Both the thrombin times and
      the activated factor X inhibition following addition of heparin are markedly
      prolonged in the absence of histidine-rich glycoprotein and shortened by addition
      of purified histidine-rich glycoprotein. Low affinity heparin was found to
      efficiently compete with high affinity heparin for binding to histidine-rich
      glycoprotein but not to antithrombin III. This results in an increased
      anticoagulant activity of high affinity heparin in the presence of low affinity
      heparin. Since the effect of histidine-rich glycoprotein on the anticoagulant
      properties of heparin is clearly demonstrated in normal plasma, it may be of
      clinical significance.

PMID- 6833232
TI  - Genetic regulation of NADPH supply in perfused mouse liver. Role of the Ah locus
      during induction by 3-methylcholanthrene.
AB  - Rates of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in perfused livers from control DBA/2J
      and C57BL/6J, as well as from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated DBA/2J mice, reached
      maximal values of 15-17 mumol/g/h after 10 min of p-nitroanisole (0.2 mM)
      infusion. During the subsequent 30 min of p-nitroanisole infusion these rates
      declined steadily to 50% of the maximal rate. Infusion of 20 mM glucose
      completely reversed this decline in rate. Phenobarbital treatment of C57BL/6J and
      DBA/2J mice increased rates of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation about 2.5-fold to
      44.4 +/- 3.4 and 35.1 +/- 3.4 mumol/g/h, respectively, which also declined during
      subsequent perfusion. In contrast, the kinetics of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation
      in perfused livers from 3-methylcholanthrene- and beta-naphthoflavone-treated
      C57BL/6J were distinctly different. These livers maintained high maximal rates of
      p-nitroanisole O-demethylation (41.1 +/- 4.7 mumol/g/h) throughout the 40 min of
      p-nitroanisole infusion. 3-Methylcholanthrene-treated (C57BL/6J)(DBA/2J)F1
      perfused livers also maintained high rates of monooxygenation throughout the
      perfusion. All livers from the 3-methylcholanthrene-treated, Ah locus-responsive
      F1 X DBA/2J backcross group maintained high rates of p-nitroanisole O
      demethylation throughout perfusion; however, 3-methylcholanthrene-treated, Ah
      locus-nonresponsive perfused livers resembled livers from untreated mice. The
      NADP+/NADPH ratio in livers from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6J but not
      DBA/2J mice was significantly higher than controls in the absence of p
      nitroanisole. Addition of p-nitroanisole increased this ratio in both groups;
      however, higher values were observed in livers from C57BL/6J than DBA/2J mice.
      These data provide genetic evidence that the ability of mouse liver to sustain
      high rates of monooxygenation following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment is an
      autosomal dominant trait corresponding with the Ah locus and most likely is due
      to enhanced NADPH turnover.

PMID- 6833233
TI  - Steady state kinetics and regulation of thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed iodination.
AB  - The kinetics of iodination of tyrosine and monoiodotyrosine was studied with
      purified hog thyroid peroxidase. The Lineweaver-Burk plots and stopped flow
      kinetic data both yielded a value of about 2 X 10(7) M-1 S-1 as the rate constant
      for reaction of Compound I with iodide. From Lineweaver-Burk plots, the rate
      constants for transfer of an assumed enzyme-bound iodinium cation to tyrosine,
      monoiodotyrosine, and GSH were estimated at 2.1 X 10(6), 3.3 X 10(6), and 3.9 X
      10(7) M-1 S-1, respectively. This iodine-transferring reaction was stimulated by
      thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and diiodothyronine, and the effect increased with
      the decrease in the number of iodines in the molecules. Diiodotyrosine, during
      its coupling reaction, inhibited the iodinating reaction by changing the steady
      state intermediates of thyroid peroxidase from Compound I to Compound II. The
      quantitative relationship between iodinating and coupling activities of thyroid
      peroxidase is shown in a scheme, which suggests "preferential formation" of
      thyroxine from tyrosine by this enzyme system.

PMID- 6833234
TI  - Metastability and polymorphism in the gel and fluid bilayer phases of
      dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine. Two crystalline forms in excess water.
AB  - The phase behavior of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DLPE) in
      excess water has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray
      diffraction. In addition to the usual gel phase L beta of lamellar periodicity
      5.07 nm and the fluid bilayer phase L alpha of periodicity 4.5 nm, two distinct
      crystalline forms may also be spontaneously adopted. The L beta phase is only
      produced by cooling from L alpha and is metastable, relaxing to one of the
      crystalline forms on incubation. One crystalline polymorph, designated beta 2,
      has a lamellar periodicity of 4.55 nm and corresponds to the structure of DLPE
      crystallized from a variety of organic solvents. The other crystalline polymorph,
      designated beta 1, has a lamellar periodicity of 3.78 nm, which implies that in
      this form the hydrocarbon chains are tilted at approximately 40 degrees to the
      bilayer normal. The beta 2 polymorph is obtained on dispersing crystalline DLPE
      directly in water at T less than 43 degrees C, on incubation in the L alpha phase
      at 30 degrees C less than T less than 43 degrees C, or on heating the beta 1 form
      slowly to T greater than 35 degrees C. The beta 1 polymorph is obtained on
      incubating the L beta phase at T less than 30 degrees C. By calorimetry, the L
      beta phase undergoes an endothermic transition (delta H = 15.5 kJ X mol-1 (3.7
      kcal X mol-1)) at 30.6 degrees C to the fluid bilayer phase L alpha. The beta 1
      phase undergoes an endothermic transition (delta H congruent to 50 kJ X mol-1 (12
      kcal X mol-1)) to L alpha at 35 degrees C. The beta 2 phase undergoes an
      endothermic transition (delta H = 57 kJ X mol-1 (13.7 kcal X mol-1)) to L alpha
      at 43 degrees C.

PMID- 6833235
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the association of human hemoglobin with the cytoplasmic
      fragment of band 3 protein.
AB  - The association of the isolated cytoplasmic fragment of band 3 protein with human
      hemoglobin was studied by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients,
      by quenching of fragment fluorescence by hemoglobin, and by flash photolysis of
      carbon monoxidebound hemoglobin as a function of fragment concentration. The
      centrifugation results showed that both proteins interact and that the
      interaction is abolished upon addition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. The fractions eluted from the density gradient were analyzed
      further by spectrophotometric and gel electrophoretic methods. Two types of
      complexes could be identified, one containing the equivalent of 1 hemoglobin
      tetramer/dimer of cytoplasmic fragment and another containing 2 tetramers of
      hemoglobin/dimer of fragment. Flash photolysis and fluorescence-quenching
      experiments showed that liganded hemoglobin is stabilized as the alpha beta dimer
      when bound to the fragment, a result almost identical with that seen for
      membranebound hemoglobin in previous studies. The results further suggest that
      there are two binding sites for the alpha beta dimer of hemoglobin on one monomer
      of the cytoplasmic fragment but only one mutually exclusive hemoglobin tetramer
      binding site, suggesting the possibility of conformational isomerism when the
      fragment with two dimers bound isomerises to a fragment monomer with one
      hemoglobin tetramer bound. Finally, despite the stabilization of the dimeric
      state of liganded hemoglobin when bound to the fragment, estimates of the
      hemoglobin dimer and tetramer binding constants suggest that the hemoglobin
      tetramer binds more tightly by about 2 orders of magnitude.

PMID- 6833236
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Comparison of type
      II enzymes from bovine brain, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle.
AB  - The physical and chemical properties of purified catalytic and regulatory
      subunits of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine brain, skeletal
      muscle, and cardiac muscle were compared. The catalytic subunits from all three
      sources were identical with respect to molecular weight (Mr = 40,000), amino acid
      composition, and isoelectric points. Furthermore, two-dimensional maps of their
      tryptic peptides were identical. The type II regulatory subunits from brain and
      skeletal muscle exhibited identical molecular weights by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis and both undergo autophosphorylation; however, they differ
      somewhat in amino acid composition. Furthermore, two-dimensional tryptic peptide
      maps showed that 40% of the peptides differ and 60% co-migrate. Autoradiography
      of the peptide maps showed that the main phosphorylated peptide from these two
      sources also differ. The bovine brain type II regulatory subunit also differed
      from that of bovine cardiac muscle in the same manner. The molecular weights,
      amino acid composition, and tryptic peptide maps of the bovine skeletal and
      cardiac muscle regulatory subunits, however, were experimentally identical. These
      results suggest that type II protein kinases from bovine brain and muscle
      (skeletal or cardiac) represent distinct species which differ in their regulatory
      subunits but share a common catalytic subunit. The tryptic peptide map of the
      type I regulatory subunit from bovine skeletal muscle was very different from
      that of the two classes of type II regulatory subunit. There were, however, four
      polar peptides from neural and nonneural type II subunits as well as the type I
      regulatory subunit which co-migrated.

PMID- 6833237
TI  - Structural relationship between the large subunits of calf thymus RNA polymerase
      II.
AB  - Purified calf thymus RNA polymerase II is composed primarily of species IIA and
      IIB. These enzymes differ in the apparent molecular weight of their largest
      subunit, designated IIa and IIb for enzyme forms IIA and IIB, respectively. Both
      enzyme forms contain an additional high molecular weight subunit designated IIc.
      The structural relationship between subunits IIa, IIb, and IIc, labeled with 125I
      under both native and denaturing conditions, has been analyzed by two-dimensional
      peptide mapping. Native RNA polymerase II was iodinated and subunits IIa, IIb,
      and IIc purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. The subunits were then digested with either trypsin or
      thermolysin and the 125I-labeled peptides resolved by thin layer electrophoresis
      in the first dimension and chromatography in the second dimension. Similar
      peptide maps were obtained for each of the three large subunits, suggesting that
      subunits IIa, IIb, and IIc are related in primary sequence. Alternatively, RNA
      polymerase subunits IIa, IIb, and IIc were purified by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, eluted from the gel,
      and then iodinated. The use of denatured subunits as substrate for the iodination
      eliminates the differential reactivity of specific tyrosine residues imposed by
      the structure of the native protein. Under these labeling conditions, the tryptic
      and thermolytic peptide maps of subunits IIa and IIb are nearly identical but
      bear much less resemblance to the peptide maps of subunit IIc than with the
      previous labeling procedure. These results suggest that subunits IIa and IIb are
      closely related in primary sequence but cannot establish whether these subunits
      are the products of closely related genes or are related by processing at the
      level of primary transcript or primary translation product. Subunit IIc bears a
      more distant relationship to subunits IIa and IIb. Possible reasons why this
      homology is only apparent in peptide maps from subunits labeled in the native
      enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 6833238
TI  - NH2-terminal processing of actin in mouse L-cells in vivo.
AB  - When Dictyostellium discoideum actin is synthesized in vitro, it is made as a
      43,000-dalton polypeptide with an NH2-terminal N-acetylmethionine. The
      acetylmethionine is then cleaved post-translationally, and the new NH2-terminal
      aspartic acid is acetylated to give the mature form of actin. Inhibition of
      methionine acetylation prevents methionine cleavage (Redman, K., and Rubenstein,
      P. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 13226-13229). In this paper, we describe the
      results of experiments designed to discover whether this novel actin processing
      pathway is peculiar to the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system or whether it is
      utilized by mammalian cells in vivo as well. We show that in mouse L-929 cells,
      actin is made as a 43,000-dalton protein with an NH2-terminal N-acylmethionine
      residue. Experiments using thin layer chromatography and digestion of the
      acylmethionine residue with hog kidney acylase I demonstrate that the acyl group
      is an acetyl residue. Pulse-chase experiments show that over the course of 1 h,
      this precursor is transformed first to an actin with a free NH2-terminal aspartic
      acid and is subsequently converted to mature L-cell actin with an acetylaspartic
      acid NH2 terminus. The half-life of the initial actin precursor in the cell
      appears to be approximately 12-15 min. These studies demonstrate the existence of
      this novel actin processing pathway in vivo and suggest that it is used for those
      actins where, in the gene, the initiator methionine codon directly precedes the
      codon for aspartic or glutamic acids, the residues normally found at the actin
      NH2 terminus.

PMID- 6833239
TI  - Domain structure of human plasma fibronectin. Differences and similarities
      between human and hamster fibronectins.

PMID- 6833240
TI  - Analysis of the adult chicken beta-globin gene. Nucleotide sequence of the locus,
      microheterogeneity at the 5'-end of beta-globin mRNA, and aberrant nuclear RNA
      species.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the adult chicken beta-globin gene
      locus. The structure of the adult chicken beta-globin gene is, for the most part,
      analogous to that of mammalian beta-globin genes thus far examined. The gene
      occupies 1525 nucleotides (nt) from the major cap site to the poly(A) addition
      site. Introns of 92 and 810 nt interrupt the coding sequence at positions
      corresponding to amino acid codons 30/31 and 104/105. The regions of most
      significant homology outside of the transcribed sequence occur within the 5'
      untranslated region where the CCAAT and ATA boxes are found -74 and -30
      nucleotides from the major chicken beta-globin mRNA CAP site. Using both primer
      extension and mung bean nuclease mapping to localize the 5' terminus of the adult
      beta-globin mRNA within the transcription unit of this gene it was found that 5'
      untranslated region is heterogeneous in length with termini 80 and 83 nucleotides
      from the translational initiation codon. In examining the transcription unit of
      this gene and the processing of its RNA species during maturation to mRNA, three
      distinct classes of beta-globin complementary nuclear RNAs are observed. One
      class of RNA consists of species whose size ranges from 1750 to 900 nt. These
      RNAs contain all or portions of the introns and are polyadenylated. Although the
      introns appear to be removed in a multistep fashion, a single kinetic processing
      pathway is not obvious. An additional processing pathway which leads to the
      accumulation of stable aberrant RNAs is also observed. This second class of RNA
      species contains first intron sequences, but lacks portions of the beta-globin
      coding sequence and thus is too small to become processed to functional mRNA. The
      third class of beta-globin complementary RNAs appear to migrate during gel
      electrophoresis at positions equivalent in size to RNAs of greater than gene
      length (2400-4500 nt), but are probably also never processed into mature mRNA.

PMID- 6833241
TI  - Light-stimulated synthesis of NADP malic enzyme in leaves of maize.
AB  - Illumination of etiolated maize plants for 80 h brings about a 15-20-fold
      increase in activity of NADP malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40). Increases in NADP malic
      enzyme protein and in the level of translatable mRNA for this protein occur
      simultaneously with the activity increase. Radiolabeled amino acids are also
      incorporated into NADP malic enzyme during this time. These results are
      consistent with the conclusion that an increase in NADP malic enzyme activity
      during greening results from de novo synthesis of NADP malic enzyme protein.
      Polyadenylated RNA extracted from greening maize leaves directs the synthesis in
      vitro of a protein 12,000 daltons larger than NADP malic enzyme purified from
      corn leaves. This protein is a precursor of NADP malic enzyme because 1) both the
      precursor and mature NADP malic enzyme are immunoprecipitated by antibody made
      against NADP malic enzyme purified from corn leaves, 2) both NADP malic enzyme
      protein and the level of mRNA for the precursor increase during greening, and 3)
      peptide maps of the precursor and of mature NADP malic enzyme are very similar.
      Mature NADP malic enzyme and its precursor (synthesized in vitro) both migrate on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gels as doublet bands. Peptide
      analyses show all bands to be structurally related.

PMID- 6833242
TI  - Isolation and chemical composition of the cytoplasmic membrane of the
      archaebacterium Methanospirillum hungatei.
AB  - The cytoplasmic membrane of Methanospirillum hungatei was isolated from osmotic
      lysates of spheroplasts, with yields of 7-8% of the cell dry weight. Cytoplasmic
      contamination was negligible, as judged by the removal of soluble enzymes. The
      cytoplasmic membrane consists of lipid (35-37%), primarily as a
      biphytanyldiglycerol tetraether glycolipid; protein (45-50%); and carbohydrate
      (10-12%). Ultra-thin sections showed that the trilaminar membrane formed vesicles
      with a maximum diameter of 0.4 microns. Protrusions of membrane projecting from
      the vesicles were seen often in negatively stained preparations. Fractionation of
      M. hungatei cells grown in the presence of [14C]mevalonic acid revealed that 90%
      of the phytanyl lipids were present in the cytoplasmic membrane band, with two
      minor bands accounting for the remainder of the label. Approximately 50% of the
      galactose, glucose, and mannose present in the cytoplasmic membrane was found in
      lipid extracts, while the remainder of these sugars and 98% of the rhamnose were
      present as nonlipid sugars. The cell sheath, isolated with a yield of 13% of the
      cell dry weight, contained the same sugars as the cytoplasmic membrane, but in
      very different proportions. Amino acid analysis of the membrane proteins showed
      that hydrophobic amino acid residues made up 37% of the total, neutral amino
      acids, 39%, basic, 8%, acidic, 16%, and that half-cysteine was present. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel patterns of solubilized cytoplasmic membrane
      proteins revealed major bands at 195, 74.5, 44, 32, and 30 KDa. Significant
      amounts of nickel co-isolated with the cytoplasmic membrane, accounting for 0.16%
      of the membrane dry weight.

PMID- 6833243
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies against human cancer cell lines with specificities
      for blood group and related antigens. Characterization by antibody binding to
      glycosphingolipids in a chromatogram binding assay.
AB  - Solid phase radioimmunoassay and a chromatogram binding assay were used to
      characterize the binding specificities of five monoclonal antibodies generated
      from mice immunized with human tumor cell lines when tested against various
      glycolipids. Four antibodies derived from mice immunized with pancreatic
      carcinoma cells detected specifically the human blood group B determinant, Gal
      alpha 1 leads to 3Gal (2 comes from 1 alpha Fuc). These antibodies preferred type
      2 (Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc) glycolipids. No reactivity was detected with a
      rat B determinant based on GalNAc. An antibody derived following immunization
      with a rectal carcinoma cell line was shown to have binding properties identical
      with those of an antibody that reacts specifically with the stage-specific
      embryonic mouse antigen (SSEA-1), bearing the determinant Gal beta 1 leads to
      4GlcNAc (3 comes from 1 alpha Fuc) (Gooi, H. C., Feizi, T., Kapadia, A., Knowles,
      B. B., Solter, D., and Evans, M. J. (1981) Nature 292, 156-158). Thin layer
      chromatography was used to detect the binding of a monoclonal anti-tumor antibody
      recently shown to react with a sialylated Lea glycolipid (Magnani, J. L.,
      Nilsson, B., Brockhaus, M., Zopf, D., Steplewski, Z., Koprowski, H., and
      Ginsburg, V. (1982) Fed. Proc 41, 898) and an anti-Leb antibody (Brockhaus, M.,
      Magnani, J. L., Blaszczyk, M., Steplewski, Z., Koprowski, H., Karlsson, K.-A.,
      Larson, G., and Ginsburg, V. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 13223-13225) to mixtures
      of glycolipids from normal and tumor tissues.

PMID- 6833244
TI  - Stimulation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during Ehrlich ascites tumor cell
      "starvation" and suppression of concomitant DNA fragmentation by benzamide.
AB  - Incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in their own ascites fluid induced a
      reversible metabolic adaptation to these "starvation" conditions which was
      associated with a fragmentation of DNA. Endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) residues also
      increased, reaching within 1-3 h values 6-10 times higher than in cells taken
      directly from the mouse peritoneum. The NAD content changed only slightly while
      dimethyl sulfate-induced accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (10-fold within 30 min)
      was associated with a rapid depletion of NAD (85% lost at 30 min). Nevertheless,
      turnover of poly(ADP-ribose) as measured by the decay rate of the polymer upon
      addition of benzamide was dramatically stimulated in both situations, reaching
      apparently identical half-lives (t 1/2 approximately equal to 1 min) in "starved"
      and in alkylated cells. However, since penetration of benzamide into the nucleus
      may be the rate-limiting factor in these studies, turnover of poly(ADP-ribose) in
      dimethyl sulfate-treated cells may still be much higher than that in "starved"
      cells. In cells treated with dimethyl sulfate, suppression of poly(ADP-ribose)
      synthesis by benzamide did not interfere with DNA fragmentation or with DNA
      resealing as determined by the nucleoid procedure. By contrast, starvation
      induced a type of DNA incision that was prevented by benzamide. It is proposed
      that starvation-induced scission of DNA occurs at specific ("regulatory?") sites
      requiring poly(ADP-ribose) formation to take place, while fragmentation of DNA at
      random as seen with alkylating agents is associated with, but not dependent on,
      increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

PMID- 6833245
TI  - Complex carbohydrates of cultured PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Effects of nerve
      growth factor and comparison with neonatal and mature rat brain.
AB  - The composition and biosynthesis of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and
      gangliosides have been studied in a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12)
      cells. Glycoproteins account for approximately 78% of the glucosamine-labeled
      complex carbohydrates found in the culture medium, together with 17% chondroitin
      sulfate and 5% heparan sulfate. 10% of the glycoproteins but less than 1% of the
      proteoglycans are released by trypsin treatment of the cells, whose complex
      carbohydrates are composed of 93% glycoproteins, 1.3% chondroitin sulfate, 3.4%
      heparan sulfate, and 2.6% of mono- and disialogangliosides. Sequential lectin
      affinity chromatography and alkali treatment of glycopeptides prepared from the
      medium, trypsin-releasable, membrane, and cell-soluble glycoproteins demonstrated
      that in all of the subfractions large tri- and tetraantennary complex
      oligosaccharides account for 82 to 97% of those present in PC12 cell
      glycoproteins. Biantennary oligosaccharides account for approximately 2-6% of
      those in medium and trypsinate, as compared to 10-13% in the membrane and cell
      soluble glycoproteins, and there were large differences (ranging from 7 to 60%)
      in the proportions of biantennary oligosaccharides which are substituted by
      fucose on the core N-acetylglucosamine which is linked to asparagine. High
      mannose oligosaccharides are present predominantly in the cell membrane and
      soluble glycoproteins, where they account for 4 to 5% of the total glycoprotein
      labeling. In response to nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells extend long
      processes and acquire other properties similar to those of differentiated
      sympathetic neurons. Significant alterations were also observed in the complex
      carbohydrates of NGF-treated cells, the most striking of which were an almost 3
      fold increase in labeled gangliosides and a 75% increase in trypsin-releasable
      glycoproteins. Cellular heparan sulfate decreased by 70% in response to NGF and
      increased by an equivalent amount in the culture medium, whereas an NGF-induced
      increase in chondroitin sulfate labeling occurred specifically in the cell
      membranes.

PMID- 6833246
TI  - Isolation and reconstitution of the membrane-bound form of dopamine beta
      hydroxylase.
AB  - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase is present in the bovine adrenal medulla in two forms,
      soluble and membrane bound. Previous isolation procedures for the membranous
      hydroxylase have resulted in a form of enzyme identical in subunit structure with
      the soluble type. We report here the isolation of a membrane-bound form of
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase which is structurally different from the soluble form.
      The isolated membranous enzyme has a large apparent molecular weight on gel
      filtration, is amphiphilic, and contains bound phospholipid which is
      predominantly phosphatidylserine. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate shows that the membranous hydroxylase contains
      two nonidentical subunits under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Under
      reducing conditions the apparent molecular weights of the two subunits are 70,000
      and 75,000 and both contain carbohydrate. The purified membranous hydroxylase
      binds to phospholipid vesicles and chymotryptic digestion of the bound enzyme
      suggests that two forms of the membranous hydroxylase exist.

PMID- 6833247
TI  - A differential scanning calorimetry study of acetylcholine receptor-rich
      membranes from Torpedo californica.
AB  - Various acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane preparations from Torpedo
      californica electroplax tissue were examined using the techniques of differential
      scanning calorimetry coupled with gel electrophoretic analysis of heat-denaturing
      material and functional assays following passage through discrete transitions. In
      unfractionated membranes, four irreversible calorimetric transitions were
      observed, one of which (Td = 59 degrees C) could be assigned to a complete loss
      of acetylcholine receptor function. A second lower temperature transition
      apparently corresponds to loss of certain peripheral membrane proteins including
      the Mr = 43,000 polypeptide and the acetylcholinesterase activity. Membrane
      preparations highly enriched in acetylcholine receptor polypeptides contained a
      major transition at 59 degrees C which could be shown to be sensitive to the
      presence of added ligands of the acetylcholine receptor, supporting its
      assignment to structural alterations of the receptor protein or its arrangement
      in the membrane.

PMID- 6833248
TI  - Circular dichroism and conformation of fish hemoglobins.
AB  - The circular dichroism spectrum of fully liganded CO hemoglobin from the Atlantic
      bluefin tuna (Tunnus thynnus) shows a pH- and temperature-dependent feature at
      416 nm. It is half-developed at pH 5.9 and 20 degrees C and its change with
      temperature corresponds to a heat of 34 kcal/mol (tetramer) for the transition.
      Correlation with studies on function (Morris, R. J., and Gibson, Q. H. (1982) J.
      Biol. Chem. 257, 4869-4874) shows that the dichroism feature changes at about 1
      pH unit below the R-T transition. There is a close correlation between the 416 nm
      band and changes in circular dichroism at 287 nm. The new 416 nm band is seen in
      several fish hemoglobins, but not with human hemoglobin. With hemoglobin from
      Brevoortia tyrannus, which has been sufficiently studied to permit the
      comparison, there is a smaller gap between the change in dichroism spectrum and
      the functional R-T transition. So far, no change in function has been associated
      with the appearance of the 416 nm circular dichroism band.

PMID- 6833250
TI  - Tubulin-colchicine complex inhibits microtubule elongation at both plus and minus
      ends.
AB  - We studied the mechanism by which tubulin-colchicine complex (TC) inhibits
      microtubule polymerization in vitro by using the axoneme-directed polymerization
      system (Bergen, L. G., and Borisy, G. G. (1980) J. Cell Biol. 84, 141-150). With
      this system, the growth properties of each microtubule end can be determined from
      the direct visual analysis of changes in lengths of seeded microtubules. The rate
      of growth at both ends was inhibited equally by TC and the magnitude of the
      inhibition increased progressively with the molar ratio of TC to tubulin dimer
      (TC:T). At a TC:T ratio of approximately 0.12, all microtubule polymerization was
      inhibited at both ends. Therefore, substoichiometric poisoning of microtubule
      elongation is both a nonpolar and graded phenomenon. We determined the four
      association and dissociation rate constants in the presence and absence of TC and
      found that TC inhibits the overall growth of microtubules by reducing the
      association rate constants at both ends under conditions that do not alter the
      dissociation rate constants. Therefore, by an independent analytical method, we
      have confirmed Sternlicht and Ringel's hypothesis of TC action (Sternlicht, H.,
      and Ringel, I. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10540-10550), and have extended this
      hypothesis 1) by demonstrating that net growth of both ends are equally inhibited
      by TC, and 2) by determining which changes in the separate rate constants were
      responsible for the net inhibition.

PMID- 6833249
TI  - The mechanism of alkyldihydroxyacetone-P synthase. Formation of [3H]H2O from
      acyl[1-R-3H]dihydroxyacetone-P by purified alkyldihydroxyacetone-P synthase in
      the absence of acylhydrolase activity.
AB  - Alkyldihydroxyacetone-P (alkyl-DHAP) synthase catalyzes the exchange of the fatty
      acid esterified to C-1 of the DHAP portion of acyl-DHAP for a fatty alcohol to
      form 1-O-alkyl-DHAP, the first ether-linked intermediate in ether lipid
      biosynthesis. Another characteristic of the reaction is the exchange of the pro-R
      hydrogen at C-1. We have investigated this hydrogen exchange using palmitoyl-[1-R
      3H]DHAP and a 1000-fold purified preparation of alkyl-DHAP synthase. We found a
      small but significant pro-R hydrogen exchange in the absence of the co-substrate,
      fatty alcohol. When [14C]hexadecanol was added, the increase in pro-R 3H exchange
      was equal to the [14C]hexadecyl-DHAP formed. Addition of [14C]palmitic acid
      resulted in an increase in pro-R 3H exchange that matched the formation of
      [14C]palmitoyl-DHAP by the acyl exchange activity of alkyl-DHAP synthase.
      Furthermore, although whole microsomes contain at least two acyl hydrolases for
      acyl-DHAP, purified preparations of alkyl-DHAP synthase do not form DHAP from
      acyl-DHAP. These results are discussed with respect to data obtained from other
      laboratories using whole microsomes and in support of our proposed ping-pong
      mechanism for alkyl-DHAP synthase.

PMID- 6833251
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of rabbit phenobarbital-induced liver microsomal
      cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the major phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P
      450 (P-450LM2) from rabbit liver microsomes has been determined. The protein
      contains 489 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain and has Mr =
      55,464. The sequence was compared with the amino acid sequence of P-450CAM and
      the nucleotide sequence of cDNA obtained from phenobarbital-induced rat liver
      cytochrome P-450 mRNA. These comparisons suggest that, despite functional
      similarities, the structural homology between microbial and microsomal
      cytochromes P-450 is limited to a single 8-residue region, and, in contrast, the
      structure of inducible microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes is highly conserved
      among mammalian species. Furthermore, we propose that the thiolate heme ligand of
      cytochrome P-450 is contributed by a cysteinyl residue near the COOH terminus,
      position 434 in the rabbit P-450LM2 sequence, based on the homology in this
      region with P-450CAM. The NH2 terminus of the protein from residues 1-310 is
      characterized by 8 hydrophobic segments 18-23 residues long, each of which is
      terminated by a cluster of charged amino acid residues. Residues 320-443 comprise
      a hydrophilic region which contains the putative heme binding cysteinyl residue
      as well as segments of homology with a constitutive rabbit cytochrome P-450
      isozyme. The sequence data suggest that cytochrome P-450LM2 contains multiple
      transmembranous segments as well as a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain. The
      hydrophilic domain contains regions of homology with several other cytochromes P
      450, and thus appears to have an essential role in the biological function of the
      protein.

PMID- 6833252
TI  - The cytochrome P-450 active site. Regiospecificity of prosthetic heme alkylation
      by olefins and acetylenes.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-pretreated rats is
      inactivated during the metabolism of linear olefins (ethylene, propene, and
      octene) and acetylenes (acetylene, propyne, and octyne). As expected from
      previous work, the inactivation is due to N-alkylation of the prosthetic heme
      group by the substrate. The N-alkyl group in each adduct is formally obtained by
      addition of a porphyrin nitrogen to the terminal carbon and of an oxygen atom (as
      a hydroxyl function) to the internal carbon of the pi-bond. The oxygen is shown
      here by 18O studies to be catalytically introduced by the enzyme. The olefins
      exclusively alkylate the nitrogen of pyrrole ring D, but the acetylenes alkylate
      that of pyrrole ring A. Acetylene is an exception in that it reacts with more
      than one nitrogen. Circular dichroism studies of the ethylene adduct and of the
      ring D regioisomer of N-ethylprotoporphyrin IX obtained by alkylation of the
      prosthetic heme of hemoglobin have been used to determine which face of
      cytochrome P-450 heme is alkylated by the unsaturated substrates. These results
      implicate an active site that is sterically encumbered in the region over pyrrole
      ring B and has a lipophilic binding site that accommodates chains of at least six
      carbon atoms over pyrrole ring C.

PMID- 6833253
TI  - Stereochemistry of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed epoxidation and prosthetic heme
      alkylation.
AB  - Oxidation of 1-octene by cytochrome P-450 results concurrently in formation of
      1,2-oxidooctane and in N-alkylation by the catalytically activated olefin of the
      prosthetic heme group. The stereochemistry of trans-1-[1-2H]octene is retained
      during both transformations. This alkylation stereochemistry requires addition of
      the pyrrole nitrogen and the activated oxygen to the same side of the double
      bond, a reaction geometry opposite to that expected if the heme were alkylated by
      the epoxide metabolite. Stereochemical analysis shows that the S enantiomer of
      the epoxide is formed in slight excess over the R enantiomer by oxidation of the
      re and si faces, respectively, of the olefin, but that heme alkylation only
      occurs during oxidation of the re face. The stereochemical specificity of
      epoxidation and heme alkylation requires that (a) the two processes proceed by
      independent (probably concerted) mechanisms, or (b) the two processes diverge
      from a common acyclic intermediate.

PMID- 6833254
TI  - Kinetics of O2 and CO Binding to adrenal cytochrome P-450scc. Effect of
      cholesterol, intermediates, and phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - The kinetics of O2 and CO binding to purified adrenal cytochrome P-450scc has
      been measured at 25 degrees C by stopped flow spectrophotometry. Measurements
      were made on the cytochrome in both aqueous buffer and phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles; little difference in the kinetic constants between the two was
      observed. 22R-Hydroxycholesterol and 20 alpha,22R-dihydroxycholesterol,
      intermediates in the cytochrome P-450scc-catalyzed conversion of cholesterol to
      pregnenolone, markedly influenced rates and equilibria of O2 and CO binding.
      Binding of the intermediates greatly decreased the association rate of both O2
      (80-160-fold) and CO (30-80-fold) relative to cholesterol-bound cytochrome. They
      had opposite effects on O2 and CO dissociation rates, causing a 5-fold increase
      in the CO dissociation rate relative to cholesterol and a 150-900-fold decrease
      in the O2 dissociation rate. Kd values for CO, determined by titration of the
      reduced cytochrome with CO, increased from 0.3 microM for substrate-depleted
      cytochrome to 0.7-1.0 microM, 100 microM, and 213-244 microM, respectively, for
      cholesterol, 22R-hydroxycholesterol, and 20 alpha,22R-dihydroxycholesterol.
      Conversely, Kd values for O2, determined from the ratio of dissociation and
      association rate constants, decreased from 23 microM for cholesterol-bound
      cytochrome to 12 microM and 5 microM for 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 20 alpha,22R
      hydroxycholesterol, respectively, indicating a thermodynamic stabilization of the
      Fe2+ . O2 complex by these intermediates.

PMID- 6833255
TI  - The binding of human plasminogen to fibrin and fibrinogen.

PMID- 6833256
TI  - Characterization of cobalamin receptor sites in brush-border plasma membranes of
      the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.
AB  - The interaction of receptor sites in microtriches (brush-border) membranes
      isolated from the sparganum (larva) of the cestode (tapeworm) Spirometra
      mansonoides with [57Co]cyanocobalamin (CN-[57Co]Cbl) has been characterized on
      the basis of the following criteria: time dependence, reversibility, high
      affinity binding, finite binding capacity, and ligand specificity. The
      association of CN-[57Co]Cbl to isolated microtriches membranes at 22 degrees C
      reached equilibrium in approximately 90 min. The initial rate of association
      follows second order kinetics with an association rate constant (ka) of 1.1 X
      10(6) M-1 S-1. In the presence of an excess of unlabeled CN-Cbl, the receptor CN
      [57Co]Cbl complex dissociated according to first order kinetics with a
      dissociation constant (kd) of 4.4 X 10(-4) S-1. An equilibrium dissociation
      constant (KD) of 0.4 nM was calculated on the basis of rate constants (KD =
      kd/ka). Scatchard analysis of equilibrium-binding data revealed a single class of
      high affinity binding sites with a KD of 0.3 nM and a maximum binding capacity
      for CN-Cbl of 221 fmol/mg of membrane protein. The stereo-specificity of CN-Cbl
      binding to receptor sites in isolated microtriches membranes was determined using
      various Cbl analogs. Receptor-site binding affinity was lowered by the following
      modifications: deamination of the b-, d-, and e-propionamide side chains to the
      corresponding monocarboxylate derivatives; modification of the B pyrrole ring to
      lactam or lactone; substitution of the benzimidazole moiety by a purine;
      modification of the benzimidazole; or deletion of the entire nucleotide moiety.
      On the basis of the action of trypsin and pronase, this CN-Cbl receptor may
      contain a relatively exposed membrane protein. The physiological role of this CN
      Cbl receptor in the binding, internalization, and metabolism of Cbl is discussed
      in relation to cestodes and their mammalian hosts.

PMID- 6833257
TI  - Degradation of [6-3H]- and [1-14C]glucosamine-labeled asialo-alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein by the perfused rat liver.
AB  - We studied the degradation and metabolism of radioactive glucosamine-labeled
      asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by the perfused rat liver. Removal of 130
      micrograms of the protein from the perfusate occurred with a T 1/2 of 10.3 min.
      Radioactivity associated initially with the microsomal fraction of the tissue
      homogenate and was then transferred to the lysosomes where hydrolysis of N
      acetylglucosamine residues took place. Radioactivity left the lysosomal-rich
      fraction of the homogenate with a T 1/2 of 50 min. Final accumulation of
      radioactivity was in the supernatant and greater than 80% of this material was
      found to be UDP-N-acetylhexosamines. In those studies, 10 mumol of unlabeled
      glucosamine had been added to the perfusate to expand the intracellular pool of
      UDP-GlcNAc and prevent further metabolism of any radioactive N-acetylglucosamine
      released by the lysosomes. When this procedure was not done, greater than one
      third of the lysosomally derived N-acetylglucosamine was reused by the liver to
      form new radioactive glycoproteins secreted into the perfusate. Overall
      hydrolysis of N-acetylglucosamine from the glycoprotein substrate was greater
      than 80% during 2 h of perfusion. However, leupeptin, a thiol cathepsin
      inhibitor, decreased the release of amino sugar by 50%, even though this compound
      had no effect on the activity of any lysosomal glycosidase in vitro. Large
      glycopeptides of molecular weight 35,000 accumulated in the lysosomes due to
      leupeptin. From these studies, we conclude that efficient digestion of the
      carbohydrate component of this glycoprotein in situ requires the concerted
      activity of both lysosomal glycosidases and proteases.

PMID- 6833258
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of heme binding to human apohemoglobin.
AB  - The formation of hemoglobin from free CO-heme and apoprotein is, at minimum, a
      two-step process. The first reaction involves very rapid equilibration of the
      heme groups with hydrophobic regions of the globin molecule. The spectrum of the
      resultant heme-globin complex is analogous to that of CO-heme incorporated into
      phospholipid membranes. The Soret absorbance maximum of this species is at about
      413 nm, which suggests strongly that the iron-histidine bond has not been formed.
      The equilibrium dissociation constant for the formation of the heme-globin
      complex is 6.2 +/- 2 microM at pH 7.2 and 10 degrees C. This constant increases
      with increasing pH, with the addition of inositol hexaphosphate, with
      modification of the protoporphyrin vinyl groups, and with increasing glycerol
      concentration. The second step in hemoglobin formation is unimolecular and
      appears to involve a large conformational transition which results in iron
      histidine bond formation and the appearance of a native CO-hemoglobin spectrum.
      The rate of this process is 500 +/- 150 s-1 at pH 7.2 and 10 degrees C and is
      little affected by changes in pH, the addition of organic phosphates, or heme
      modification. Increasing the solvent viscosity to about 10 c.p. by the addition
      of 50% glycerol causes a 10-fold decrease in the rate of this conformational
      change. This suggests that large protein movements, presumably folding around the
      heme, are involved in the final stages of hemoglobin formation. Iron-histidine
      bond formation does not appear to be a rate-limiting step.

PMID- 6833259
TI  - A phospholipase A1 from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
AB  - Hemolymph (blood) of an insect, the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, contains a
      phospholipase A1. The specificity of this enzyme was demonstrated by the use of
      substrates with labeled fatty acids in specific positions and by conversion of
      the enzyme product, a lysophospholipid, to 2-acylglycerol by the action of
      bacterial phospholipase C. The insect phospholipase A1 hydrolyzes
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, but not phosphatidylcholine or
      triolein. Divalent cation is required, with calcium ion being most effective,
      although strontium, barium, and magnesium ions also support activity. Only
      substrates dispersed in buffer from ethanol are hydrolyzed; ether, Triton X-100,
      and taurodeoxycholate are inhibitory. The enzyme has been purified 90-fold. At
      that stage, it is still far from homogeneous, but stability problems have
      hindered further purification. It has an apparent Mr = 155,000 +/- 11,000,
      estimated by gel permeation chromatography.

PMID- 6833260
TI  - Evidence of direct insertion of terminal complement proteins into cell membrane
      bilayers during cytolysis. Labeling by a photosensitive membrane probe reveals a
      major role for the eighth and ninth components.
AB  - Radioiodinated hexanoyldiiodo-N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)tyramine (HNT) was
      employed as a photosensitive membrane-restricted probe to establish whether
      terminal complement proteins insert into membrane bilayers during cytolysis. The
      system studied consisted of natural membranes carrying intermediate (C5b-8) or
      fully assembled (C5b-9) cytolytic complexes of human complement prepared by two
      different methods. In one method, C5b-8 and C5b-9 were assembled on membranes de
      novo by incubating rabbit erythrocytes with C9-depleted or whole human serum,
      respectively. The probe was partitioned into lipid bilayers of the resulting MC5b
      8 and MC5b-9 membranes by post-addition of HNT. Membranes were irradiated and
      photolabeled C5b-8 and C5b-9 were extracted, purified, and analyzed on
      polyacrylamide gels. Those constituents labeled by HNT within each complex were
      identified by autoradiography. The second method involved pre-addition of HNT to
      membranes carrying the precursive C5b-7 complex and subsequent conversion to MC5b
      8 and MC5b-9 by addition of exogenous C8 and C9. After irradiation, C5b-8 and C5b
      9 were again purified and analyzed for the presence of photolabel. Results from
      both methods were similar and indicated all constituents of each complex are
      labeled to a measurable extent. However, the C8 alpha subunit was predominantly
      labeled in C5b-8 and both C8 alpha and C9 were predominantly labeled in C5b-9.
      Because labeling by HNT is specific for intramembrane structural domains of
      proteins, these results provide direct evidence that constituents of terminal
      complement complexes insert into the lipid bilayer of cell membranes during
      lysis. Further, we conclude that in these complexes, C8 alpha and C9 are the
      primary contributors of inserted peptide domains.

PMID- 6833261
TI  - Paradoxical effects of adenosine on neutrophil chemotaxis.
AB  - Chemotaxis of rabbit neutrophils is most sensitive to inhibition by 3
      deazaadenosine, followed by 3-deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin, 3-deaza-(+/
      )aristeromycinylhomocysteine, 3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine, and
      adenosylhomocysteine, in that order. Although adenosine by itself had no effect
      on the chemotaxis of neutrophils, it essentially abolished the inhibitory effects
      of 3-deaza-adenosine on chemotaxis and the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium.
      Paradoxically, adenosine enhanced the inhibition of chemotaxis by 3
      deazaadenosylhomocysteine slightly and that of 3-deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin
      significantly. Adenosine alone unexpectedly inhibited phospholipid methylation to
      the same extent as 3-deazaadenosine, and reduced protein carboxymethylation to a
      lesser degree. The inhibition of these two methylation reactions by 3
      deazaadenosine was, however, not substantially altered in the presence of
      adenosine. Drastic changes in the ratio of
      adenosylmethionine/nucleosidylhomocysteine were observed in the presence of
      adenosine, 3-deazaadenosine, 3-deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin, or of adenosine in
      combination with each of the latter compounds. There was no significant effect on
      the binding of chemotactic peptide to receptors, or on the ratio of ATP/ADP in
      cells treated by the analogs. These results suggest that the inhibition of
      methylation reactions per se is not enough to account for the inhibition of both
      chemotaxis and the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by neutrophils.

PMID- 6833262
TI  - Formation of hydroxyvitamin K by vitamin K epoxide reductase of warfarin
      resistant rats.
AB  - A new metabolite of vitamin K, 2(3)-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl,3-phytyl-1,4
      naphthoquinone (hydroxyvitamin K), has been identified as a product of vitamin K
      epoxide metabolism in hepatic microsomes from warfarin-resistant rats, but not in
      those derived from normal rats. The structure was determined by comparison of the
      high performance liquid chromatography retention times, UV, IR, CD, and mass
      spectra of the unknown with chemically synthesized standards. Alterations in the
      formation of hydroxyvitamin K occur in parallel with alterations in total vitamin
      K epoxide conversion with respect to reaction time, extent of reaction, detergent
      stimulation, and inhibition by warfarin. Thus, hydroxyvitamin K appears to be a
      product of the warfarin-resistant vitamin K epoxide reductase. It is neither a
      substrate nor an inhibitor of epoxide reduction. Hydroxyvitamin K is formed from
      both enantiomers of racemic vitamin K epoxide with little stereoselectivity for
      the configuration of either the oxirane ring or the phytyl side chain. The
      reaction is stereospecific; however, the biologically formed (+)-vitamin K
      epoxide yields exclusively (+)-3-hydroxyvitamin K. Observation of this product is
      discussed as a key to understanding the normal reaction mechanism of the enzyme.

PMID- 6833263
TI  - Phycobiliprotein synthesis in the unicellular rhodophyte, Cyanidium caldarium.
      Cell-free translation of the mRNAs for the alpha and beta subunit polypeptides of
      phycocyanin.
AB  - Phycobiliproteins are a class of abundant light-harvesting proteins assembled in
      complex multimeric aggregates located on thylakoid membranes of red algae and
      cyanobacteria. This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular basis of
      phycobiliprotein synthesis in the unicellular red alga, Cyanidium caldarium. RNA
      was isolated and separated into poly(A)-enriched and poly(A)-deficient fractions
      by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. Both fractions stimulated incorporation of
      radiolabeled amino acids into protein in a reticulocyte lysate translation
      system. The alpha and beta subunit polypeptides of phycocyanin were among the
      products of poly(A)-deficient (but not poly(A)-enriched) RNA directed translation
      reactions on the basis of Mr and immunological cross-reactivity with immune serum
      prepared against native phycocyanin. After chromatography of post-oligo(dT)
      cellulose poly(A)-deficient RNA on poly(U) agarose, the messenger RNAs for the
      alpha and beta subunit polypeptides of phycocyanin were again recovered in the
      poly(A)-deficient fraction, confirming that these messenger RNAs did not appear
      to be polyadenylated. Automated radiosequencing of in vitro synthesized alpha and
      beta subunit polypeptides of phycocyanin labeled with either [35S]methionine,
      [3H]isoleucine, or [3H]phenylalanine revealed partial amino acid sequences which
      were the same as the NH2-terminal sequences of native phycocyanin subunits. This
      demonstrates that a "transit peptide", such as that found in several proteins
      made in the cytosol and transported into chloroplasts, is not present on the
      subunits of phycocyanin.

PMID- 6833264
TI  - Isolation of intermediate compounds between hemoglobin and carbon monoxide.
AB  - A human hemoglobin solution partially saturated with carbon monoxide was rapidly
      quenched at -25 degrees C into a hydro-organic buffer containing ferricyanide.
      Under the experimental conditions of pH, ionic strength, and buffer composition
      used in this work, it was found that the deoxy hemes were rapidly transformed
      into their met form, whereas practically no carbon monoxide-bound hemes were
      oxidized before the separation of the mixture from the oxidizing agent. As a
      preliminary step to the analysis of the resulting solution, carbonylhemoglobin
      solutions partially oxidized with ferricyanide were studied by isoelectric
      focusing at -25 degrees C under identical conditions. The relative position in
      the gel of all nine possible valence hybrids was established as follows (going
      from the anodic to the cathodic side of the gel) alpha CO2 beta CO2, (alpha CO
      beta +)(alpha CO beta CO) (alpha CO beta CO), (alpha CO2 beta +2), (alpha + beta
      CO), (alpha + beta +)-(alpha CO beta CO), (alpha + beta +)(alpha CO beta +),
      (alpha +2 beta CO2), (alpha + beta +)(alpha + beta CO), alpha +2 beta +2. When
      carbonylhemoglobin and methemoglobin were mixed in equal proportion at -25
      degrees C and then analyzed by isoelectric focusing at the same temperature, it
      was found that the contribution of valence hybrids other than alpha CO2 beta CO2
      and alpha +2 beta +2 to the total amount of hemoglobin in the gel was no more
      than 6%. When carbonylhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin were mixed in the same
      proportion and incubated at 20 degrees C so to allow the redistribution of the
      carbon monoxide molecules between all possible binding sites to occur, a
      substantially higher amount of valence hybrids, derived from the oxidation of
      intermediate compounds of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide, was found. The
      isoelectric focusing separation indicated the presence in the original solution
      of intermediate species other than carbonylhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin at a
      concentration of about 10% of the total.

PMID- 6833265
TI  - Assembly of unfertilized sea urchin egg tubulin at physiological temperatures.
AB  - Tubulin was purified from unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus by DEAE-column chromatography and cycles of temperature-dependent
      assembly and disassembly. Tubulin-containing column fractions self-assemble into
      intact microtubules in the absence of high molecular weight microtubule
      associated proteins. Egg microtubules assembled during the third cycle of
      assembly following DEAE-chromatography are composed of 2 or 3 alpha tubulins and
      2 beta tubulins as assayed by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. The critical protein concentrations necessary for assembly of
      egg tubulin at 37 and 25 degrees C are 0.15-0.24 and 0.24-0.28 mg/ml,
      respectively. At physiological temperatures, the critical protein concentrations
      are 0.81 mg/ml at 15 degrees C and 0.70-0.79 mg/ml at 18 degrees C. At 18 degrees
      C, bovine brain microtubule-associated proteins stoichiometrically stimulate the
      initial rate and final extent of egg tubulin assembly. These hybrid microtubules
      assemble at 18 degrees C at a critical protein concentration of 4-20
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6833266
TI  - Histone H1 and H3 phosphorylation during premature chromosome condensation in a
      temperature-sensitive mutant (tsBN2) of baby hamster kidney cells.
AB  - The histone phosphorylations of temperature-sensitive mutant cells (tsBN2) were
      investigated during the induction of premature chromosome condensation (PCC). At
      the permissive temperature (33.5 degrees C), the histones of the cells were
      phosphorylated typically as in any other mammalian cell. However, at the
      nonpermissive temperature (40.5 degrees C), both histone H1 and H3 were
      phosphorylated extensively as in mitotic cells, and the increase in these
      phosphorylations throughout S to G2 phase was closely correlated to the frequency
      of cells showing PCC. The pattern of H1 subtype phosphorylations was quite
      similar, and the sites of H1 phosphorylation from PCC were the same as those from
      mitotic cells. Although the degree of phosphorylation was low, H1 and H3
      phosphorylations were observed even in G1 phase at the nonpermissive temperature.
      The effects of metabolic inhibitors on the induction of PCC were parallel in H1
      and H3 phosphorylations; actinomycin D failed to inhibit either PCC induction or
      these phosphorylations, whereas cyclohexamide did, completely inhibiting H3
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 6833267
TI  - Analytical subcellular distribution of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins
      in normal and virus-transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - We report a quantitative subcellular localization study of calmodulin and the
      subcellular distribution of calmodulin-binding proteins in normal and virus
      transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. We developed homogenization conditions
      for fibroblasts which give maximal cell disruption with minimal organelle
      destruction, prepared and characterized subcellular fractions, and measured the
      levels and distribution of calmodulin in the fractions. We found that the
      majority of calmodulin is present in the soluble fraction, but that a small,
      reproducible amount of calmodulin is present in each of the particulate
      fractions. The amount of calmodulin in all subcellular fractions of transformed
      fibroblasts is greater than or equal to the amount of calmodulin in the
      corresponding fractions of normal fibroblasts. In contrast to the mostly soluble
      distribution of calmodulin, many of the calmodulin-binding proteins in
      fibroblasts are associated with the particulate fractions. Although there are no
      apparent qualitative differences between normal and transformed fibroblasts with
      respect to the number, distribution, or apparent molecular weight of the
      calmodulin-binding proteins, there may be quantitative changes in the levels of
      some calmodulin-binding proteins after transformation. These data suggest that
      many of the calmodulin-binding proteins may be particulate proteins rather than
      soluble proteins, and that several calmodulin-binding proteins in fibroblasts may
      bind calmodulin in a calcium-independent manner.

PMID- 6833269
TI  - Binding of citrate synthase to mitochondrial inner membranes.
AB  - Citrate synthase and other mitochondrial matrix proteins bind to the inner
      surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane. No binding was observed to the outer
      membrane or to the outer surface of the inner membrane.

PMID- 6833268
TI  - Xenopus fibrinogen. Characterization of subunits and hormonal regulation of
      biosynthesis.
AB  - In this paper we describe the purification and characterization of Xenopus plasma
      fibrinogen and the hormonal factors which regulate synthesis and secretion of
      fibrinogen in liver parenchymal cells in primary culture. As in other vertebrate
      species, Xenopus fibrinogen is composed of three nonidentical polypeptide chains,
      A alpha, B beta, and gamma. In contrast to mammalian fibrinogens, the B beta
      chain of Xenopus fibrinogen has a higher apparent molecular weight than the A
      alpha chain. The gamma chain has the lowest molecular weight in the frog protein,
      as in that of other species. The relatively large size of the frog B beta chain
      results from the unusually large size of the NH2-terminal B fibrinopeptide, which
      is released by thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen. Hormonal regulation of fibrinogen
      biosynthesis was examined using a primary cell culture system. Purified Xenopus
      liver parenchymal cells, maintained for several weeks in a defined culture
      medium, gradually decrease the synthesis and secretion of fibrinogen. Sustained
      production of this protein is dependent upon the addition of a glucocorticoid,
      dexamethasone, to the culture medium. Fibrinogen production is suppressed if an
      estrogen, estradiol-17 beta, is added to the culture medium together with
      dexamethasone and triiodothyronine. The Xenopus system provides new insight into
      the structure of fibrinogen, the evolution of this protein, and the hormonal
      factors which regulate its synthesis.

PMID- 6833270
TI  - The distribution and properties of the glucocorticoid receptor from rat brain and
      pituitary.
AB  - The distribution and properties of cytoplasmic binding sites for the synthetic
      glucocorticoid dexamethasone and the natural glucocorticoid corticosterone in the
      brain and the pituitary were studied in detail. Cortisol-17 beta acid, a
      derivative which does not bind to the glucocorticoid receptor but is a competitor
      of corticosterone binding to plasma, was used to overcome plasma interference. In
      vitro competition assays in the presence of excess cortisol acid reveal that
      dexamethasone is as effective a competitor for [3H]corticosterone binding as
      corticosterone itself. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium experiments with both
      steroids, using cytosol from various brain areas and from the pituitary yielded
      linear plots, suggesting one class of binding sites. The quantitative
      distribution of the sites follows the pattern: cortex greater than hippocampus
      greater than or equal to pituitary greater than hypothalamus greater than brain
      stem white matter. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of corticosterone dissociation
      showed a first order reaction, thus indicating the presence of one type of
      receptor in all brain areas examined. Rat brain cytosolic receptors for
      corticosterone and dexamethasone elute from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange
      columns at 0.3 M NaCl in the presence of stabilizing sodium molybdate and at 0.15
      M NaCl and/or in the buffer wash when heat-activated, thus exhibiting the
      characteristic activation pattern of rat liver cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor.
      The ratio of the buffer wash to the 0.15 M NaCl form is low for dexamethasone and
      very high for corticosterone. Receptor complexes from various brain parts showed
      the same activation pattern. In our experiments, brain corticosterone and
      dexamethasone receptors stabilized by sodium molybdate are indistinguishable by a
      number of techniques, thus indicating that it is unnecessary to evoke specific
      binding sites for each glucocorticoid.

PMID- 6833271
TI  - Direct and reversible inhibition of estradiol-stimulated prolactin synthesis by
      antiestrogens in vitro.
AB  - The antiestrogens tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen inhibited the estradiol
      stimulated increase in prolactin synthesis by dispersed cells in culture derived
      from immature rat pituitary glands. Monohydroxytamoxifen had a relative binding
      affinity for the estrogen receptor similar to that of estradiol, whereas
      tamoxifen's relative binding affinity was approximately 3%. This was consistent
      with the observation that monohydroxytamoxifen was 30 times more potent than
      tamoxifen as an antiestrogen in vitro. To avoid the possibility that tamoxifen
      was fractionally metabolized to monohydroxytamoxifen by the pituitary cells, the
      p-methyl, p-chloro, and p-fluoro derivatives of tamoxifen that are unlikely to be
      converted to monohydroxytamoxifen were tested for activity. The substitution did
      not have a detrimental effect on their ability to inhibit the binding of
      [3H]estradiol to either rat uterine or pituitary gland estrogen receptors.
      Similarly, the derivatives of tamoxifen inhibited estradiol-stimulated prolactin
      synthesis at concentrations that were consistent with their relative binding
      affinities. Although it is clearly an advantage for tamoxifen to be metabolized
      to the more potent antiestrogen monohydroxytamoxifen, we have shown that this is
      not a prerequisite for the antiestrogenic actions of tamoxifen. With the direct
      actions of antiestrogens established, the pituitary cell system was validated for
      further structure-activity relationship studies. Overall, the inhibition of
      estradiol-stimulated prolactin synthesis by antiestrogens is competitive and
      reversible with estradiol, an effect that can be explained by interactions with
      the estrogen receptor system.

PMID- 6833272
TI  - An estrogen receptor model to describe the regulation of prolactin synthesis by
      antiestrogens in vitro.
AB  - A hypothetical model of the ligand interaction with the estrogen receptor binding
      site has been developed to describe the structural features necessary to initiate
      or to inhibit prolactin synthesis in vitro. The biological potency of the binding
      ligands is directly related to their relative binding affinity (RBA) for the
      estrogen receptor. The relative potencies of antiestrogens to inhibit estradiol
      stimulated prolactin synthesis was trans-monohydroxytamoxifen identical to cis
      monohydroxytamoxifen identical to tamoxifen, consistent with their RBAs for
      uterine estrogen receptor. Similarly the relative potency of estrogens to
      stimulate prolactin synthesis was diethylstilbestrol identical to estradiol
      greater than ICI 77,949 greater than ICI 47,699 identical to zuclomiphene,
      consistent with their RBAs. The compound LY126412 (trioxifene without the
      aminoethoxy side chain) did not interact with the estrogen receptor at the
      concentrations tested (10(-8)--10(-6) M) or exhibit estrogenic or antiestrogenic
      properties using the prolactin synthesis assay. Overall, the ligand-receptor
      model stresses the structural requirement for high affinity binding and the
      critical positioning of the alkylamino-ethoxy side chain in space (in relation to
      the ligand-binding site on the estrogen receptor) to prevent prolactin synthesis.

PMID- 6833273
TI  - Role of high density lipoproteins in regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis
      by chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein remnants.
AB  - High density lipoproteins (HDL) have been implicated in the transformation of
      native triglyceride-rich lipoproteins into their corresponding remnant particles
      during the action of peripheral lipoprotein lipase. The subsequent metabolism of
      these remnant particles by the liver results in the inhibition of hepatic
      lipogenesis. In the present study, remnant particles of chylomicrons or very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL) have been generated in the perfused heart system both
      in the absence and presence of HDL. These have been characterized chemically, and
      the effects of both native lipoproteins and their respective remnants on fatty
      acid synthetic rates of hepatocytes have been assessed. Thirty to sixty-six per
      cent of the triglyceride moieties of native lymph chylomicrons or VLDL were
      hydrolyzed during a 45-min heart perfusion whether or not HDL was present in the
      perfusion media. Chylomicron remnants produced in the absence of HDL (25-300
      micrograms/ml) caused only 10-20% inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis,
      whereas remnants produced in the presence of HDL caused up to 78% inhibition at
      equivalent protein concentrations. The nonsuppressive remnants (produced in the
      absence of HDL) were converted to suppressive remnants upon incubation with HDL.
      Similar results were obtained with VLDL remnants produced in the absence and
      presence of HDL. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      apoprotein profiles of the nonsuppressive and suppressive remnants indicated a
      marked loss of the C apoproteins during the conversion of native chylomicrons or
      the nonsuppressive remnants to the suppressive remnants. Thus, HDL seems to be
      required for the removal of apoprotein C during the transformation of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to the suppressive remnants. There was, however,
      no enrichment of apo-E on the suppressive remnant particles. We, thus, could not
      verify the suggested role of HDL in enriching the suppressive remnants with
      apoproteins E.

PMID- 6833274
TI  - A study of the reactivity of HO2/O2- with unsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - The reaction of perhydroxyl radical (HO2) with linoleic, linolenic, and
      arachidonic acids has been studied in aqueous ethanolic solutions by the stopped
      flow technique. The corresponding rate constants are 1.2 x 10(3), 1.7 x 10(3),
      and 3.0 x 10(3) M-1 S-1, respectively. While kinetic results suggest that the HO2
      radical reacts with the double allylic H atom of the polyunsaturated fatty acids,
      thermodynamic approximations indicate that the reaction is exothermic by
      approximately 10 kcal/mol. The relevance of this reaction to membrane damage
      observed in biological systems that have been exposed to HO2/O2- radicals is
      discussed.

PMID- 6833275
TI  - The degradation of urate in liver peroxisomes. Association of allantoinase with
      allantoicase in amphibian liver but not in fish and invertebrate liver.
AB  - Allantoinase and allantoicase were co-purified from frog (Rana catesbeiana)
      liver. The ratio of the two enzyme activities remained constant during
      purification and was unchanged by a variety of treatments of the purified enzyme.
      These results suggest that allantoinase and allantoicase are located in the same
      protein. It was found that the two hepatic enzyme activities are also associated
      with the same protein in other frogs (Xenopus laevis and Rana nigromacultata),
      tadpoles (R. catesbeiana), and newts (Triturus pyrrhogaster). In contrast,
      allantoinase and allantoicase were found to be different proteins in marine fish
      and invertebrate liver.

PMID- 6833277
TI  - Oxygen quenching and fluorescence depolarization of tyrosine residues in
      proteins.
AB  - We examined the dynamics of oxygen quenching and depolarization of tyrosine
      fluorescence in small peptides and proteins lacking tryptophan. The oxygen
      quenching constants and the apparent correlation times for fluorescence
      depolarization were found to be sensitive to the conformational state of the
      proteins. For small peptides and random coil proteins, the oxygen bimolecular
      quenching constants indicated complete accessibility of the tyrosine residues to
      collisions with oxygen. For folded proteins, the quenching constants were about 2
      fold smaller, indicating only limited shielding of the tyrosine residues from
      oxygen by the protein matrix. We also used the steady state anisotropies,
      measured under conditions of oxygen quenching, to estimate the motional freedom
      of the tyrosine residues. For random coil proteins, such as a tyrosine copolymer
      and histones at low pH, the data clearly indicated that depolarization occurs due
      to subnanosecond segmental motions of the tyrosine residues which are independent
      of overall protein rotation. For some folded proteins, including bovine
      pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, the data are consistent with, but do not
      unambiguously demonstrate, motional freedom of the residues. In these cases,
      energy transfer among tyrosine residues may also contribute to the observed
      depolarization. Overall, these results indicate that the rate and extent of
      tyrosine rotation in proteins depend upon the conformation of the protein and the
      specific protein under observation.

PMID- 6833276
TI  - Progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. Stoichiometric translocation and
      nuclear receptor processing.
AB  - In a subline of T47D human breast cancer cells, progesterone receptors (PR) are
      synthesized at very high levels, but their synthesis is not estrogen-dependent.
      Despite the unusual control of synthesis, the physicochemical properties of PR
      are normal. These are, therefore, ideal cells to study PR regulation by
      progesterone, free of estrogen effects. In this paper, we show that nuclear
      translocation of PR is stoichiometric, and that an unusual and very rapid nuclear
      turnover, or processing step, characterizes receptor-DNA interactions. In intact
      T47D cells, PR are translocated to the nucleus only by progestins; 70-90% of
      cytoplasmic receptors are depleted at 37 degrees C within 5 min of progestin
      addition. After PR are translocated by 0.1 muM progesterone, they can be
      quantitatively recovered from nuclei only in the first 5 min; thereafter, a rapid
      nuclear processing step results in loss of 50-80% of the newly translocated
      sites. Rapid processing may be inherent to PR; it also occurs in PR of MCF-7
      cells. The extent of receptor translocation and of nuclear receptor processing is
      dependent on the progesterone concentration and on the treatment time, and can be
      masked by endogenous hormones. Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors (leupeptin,
      antipain) do not prevent nuclear PR loss. G-C specific DNA intercalators that
      prevent nuclear estrogen receptor processing (actinomycin D, chromomycin A3) also
      fail to prevent PR loss, but some A-T specific DNA-binding dyes (chloroquine,
      primaquine, quinacrine) protect 50-75% of nuclear PR. We conclude that
      translocated nuclear PR can be quantitatively measured only at early time points
      because the nuclear receptors are rapidly processed. Furthermore, the processing
      step may involve an interaction of receptors with DNA since it can be partially
      blocked by DNA-binding agents.

PMID- 6833278
TI  - Kinetic and structural investigation of acyl-binding sites on avian fatty acid
      synthase.
AB  - The acyl-binding sites of avian fatty acid synthase have been further
      characterized using the fluorescent acetyl-CoA analog, beta-[N-(7-nitro-2,1,3
      benzoxadiazol-4-yl]alanyl coenzyme A (NBDA-CoA). Binding to nonsulfhydryl sites
      has been studied by treatment with neutralized hydroxylamine to remove NBDA bound
      in a thioester linkage. The binding of NBDA to hydroxylamine-insensitive sites
      can be divided into two types: "loose" and "tight." The NBDA bound at the loose
      site can be removed by rapid gel filtration through a centrifuge column or by
      added CoA and is kinetically competent to be the loading site for acyl groups.
      The NBDA binds to the tight site apparently irreversibly and inhibits the overall
      enzyme activity completely at a stoichiometry of approximately 2 per enzyme
      molecule. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate can modify a large number of enzyme amino groups
      (greater than or equal to 20) and totally inhibits the enoyl reductase activity.
      This inhibition appears to be correlated with the binding of approximately four
      molecules of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per enzyme molecule. Although the beta
      ketoacyl reductase activity is unimpaired, the binding of NADPH at the sites
      involved in this activity is weakened. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer
      efficiency from NADPH, bound to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modified enzyme, to enzyme
      bound NBDA, or from NADPH, bound to unmodified enzyme, to NBDA bound only at the
      tight hydroxylamine-insensitive sites is not significantly different from the
      overall efficiency previously reported. This suggests that all of the acyl
      binding sites are located approximately the same distance from the enoyl
      reductase and beta-ketoacyl reductase catalytic sites.

PMID- 6833279
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor structure. Receptor size, membrane orientation,
      and absence of major phylogenetic structural diversity.
AB  - The structure of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated by
      comparing polypeptides identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the size of the intact receptor in cell
      membranes as determined by target size analysis. Muscarinic receptors from human,
      dog, and rat brain, rat and dog cardiac muscle, and guinea pig ileum longitudinal
      smooth muscle labeled with [3H] propylbenzilylcholine mustard, a covalent
      affinity reagent, appeared as single polypeptides with molecular weights of
      80,000 on NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gels. NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gels of ileum
      smooth muscle muscarinic receptor also consistently displayed smaller peptides of
      64, 52, 42, 36, 23, and 18 kDa. In order to determine whether the 80-kDa protein
      represented all or only a portion of the muscarinic receptor, target size
      analysis was undertaken. Radiation-induced receptor inactivation was measured by
      loss of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate specific binding and by loss of
      [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard-labeled receptor protein on NaDodSO4 gels.
      Target size analysis of rat and human brain, canine heart, and guinea pig ileum
      smooth muscle muscarinic receptors all indicated that the intact membrane-bound
      receptor has an average molecular mass of 80,000 daltons. These data demonstrate
      that the protein isolated on NaDodSO4 gels represents the intact receptor
      molecule. The question of whether structurally distinct receptors exist in
      different tissues and species was answered, in part, by limited proteolysis
      studies of the 80-kDa protein isolated from the above tissues. Trypsin and papain
      produce peptides of 64, 52, 42, 36, 23, and 18 kDa from all receptors studied,
      indicating a lack of major structural diversity and the absence of multiple
      structural forms of the muscarinic receptor. Limited proteolysis of the membrane
      bound receptor produces a major peptide of 42,000 daltons and minor peptides of
      36, 23, and 18 kDa, all of which contain the ligand binding site and protrude
      from the membrane into the extracellular space.

PMID- 6833280
TI  - A small angle x-ray scattering study of a rhodopsin-lipid complex in hexane.
AB  - A small angle x-ray scattering study of a rhodopsin-lipid complex in hexane
      demonstrates the presence of two distinct particle populations with corresponding
      radii of gyration of approximately 22 and 160 A. A model based on the existence
      of inverted lipid micelles surrounding the protein polar moieties while the
      protein hydrophobic domains act as cross-links between the inverted micelles is
      presented. It accounts for the results herewith reported and explains most of the
      properties hitherto characterized for the rhodopsin-lipid complex in hexane.

PMID- 6833281
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the Lewis a human blood
      group determinant.
AB  - Four hybridoma cell lines were derived from the spleen cells of mice immunized
      with the neutral glycolipids of human meconium. The antibodies secreted by these
      lines were specific for the Lewis a antigen of the human Lewis blood group system
      as determined by solid phase immunoassay using synthetic carbohydrate antigens
      and by plate binding assay and thin layer chromatography-autoradiography using
      natural glycolipid antigens. Coating protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus with
      one of the antibodies yielded a stable reagent that produced rapid agglutination
      of Lewis a positive human erythrocytes. The fine structural specificity of these
      antibodies was assessed by competition radioimmunoassay using synthetic
      structural analogs of Lewis a conjugated to bovine serum albumin. One antibody
      was specific for the Lewis a trisaccharide (Gal beta 1 leads to 3(Fuc alpha 1
      leads to 4) beta GlcNAc), while a second recognized the entire Lea (1 leads to 3)
      beta Gal tetrasaccharide. The third and fourth were directed at topography
      largely provided by only the alpha Fuc and beta GlcNAc units. These monoclonal
      antibodies not only represent potentially useful reagents for detecting the Lewis
      a antigen but also provide a system for studying precise relationships between
      anticarbohydrate antibody structure and binding specificity.

PMID- 6833282
TI  - Malolactic enzyme of Lactobacillus plantarum. Purification, properties, and
      distribution among bacteria.
AB  - The malolactic enzyme of Lactobacillus plantarum was purified from 5.5 units/mg
      to a specific activity of 265 units/mg of protein. The enzyme has an isoelectric
      point of pH 4.4. The molecular weight is Mr = 140,000 as determined by gradient
      gel electrophoresis. The enzyme consists of two probably identical subunits (Mr =
      70,000) that were observed after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      Malolactic enzyme catalyzes the NAD- and manganese-dependent reaction L-malate
      leads to CO2 + L-lactate. Therefore, this enzyme can be distinguished from the
      well known malic enzymes (L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, oxalacetate
      decarboxylating EC 1.1.1.38 or 1.1.1.39). Malolactic enzyme is found in most
      lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacteriaceae); it has not been detected in other
      bacteria.

PMID- 6833283
TI  - Association equilibria and reacting enzyme gel filtration of yeast hexokinase.
AB  - The association-dissociation of yeast hexokinase has been re-examined and the
      size of the reacting form of the enzyme has been investigated under a variety of
      conditions. Both Sephacryl S-200 and high performance liquid chromatography on
      Bio-Sil have been employed with continuous effluent monitoring under reacting and
      nonreacting conditions. The reacting enzyme was monomeric under all conditions,
      suggesting that the dimer is not an important catalytic species in normal assays.
      The reacting enzyme remained as a monomer under the following conditions: 0.1-15
      micrograms/ml loading concentration, from 30 to 100 mM ionic strength, with 2 mM
      citrate, with 50% D2O, and at 160 atm hydrostatic pressure. The dissociation
      constant for the nonreacting hexokinase was 22 (+/- 2) micrograms/ml (uncorrected
      for 5-fold dilution) in 100 mM triethanolamine, pH 6.5, and 25 degrees C. Glucose
      or MgATP had dissociative effects under all conditions studied, but MgATP was
      much less effective and only slightly more effective than an equivalent ionic
      strength. NaCl, between 30 and 80 mM, promoted dissociation, with a concomitant
      conformational change suggested by nonlinearity of log-log plots. The extent of
      dissociation with MgCl2 was slightly greater than an equivalent NaCl ionic
      strength and the shape of the association curves suggested the formation of an
      elongated dimer in the presence of MgCl2. The conclusion is made that hexokinase
      is monomeric under most assay conditions and that the dissociation is
      predominantly the result of the glucose interaction. High performance liquid
      chromatography has been shown to be a useful method of assessing the association
      state of enzymes under both reacting and nonreacting conditions.

PMID- 6833284
TI  - Regulation of ligand binding to pituitary D-2 dopaminergic receptors. Effects of
      divalent cations and functional group modification.
AB  - The effects of divalent cations and protein-modifying reagents on the binding of
      agonist and antagonist ligands to D-2 dopaminergic receptors were studied. The
      divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ markedly increase the binding of the
      agonist [3H]N-n-propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA) to the high affinity state of the
      pituitary D-2 receptor. The increase in [3H]NPA binding is due to both an
      increase in binding capacity (Bmax) and a decrease in the dissociation constant
      (KD). Monovalent cations have no effect on agonist binding either in the presence
      or absence of divalent cations. Neither divalent nor monovalent cations exert any
      effects on the binding of the antagonist, [3H]spiroperidol to pituitary D-2
      receptors. Modification of sulfhydryl groups by N-ethylmaleimide and p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate inactivates both [3H]NPA and [3H]spiroperidol binding;
      however, [3H]NPA binding exhibits a 50-fold greater sensitivity to N
      ethylmaleimide. Inactivation of both [3H]NPA and [3]spiroperidol binding by N
      ethylmaleimide and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate results in a diminished binding
      capacity for both radioligands. The inactivation of [3H] spiroperidol-binding by
      N-ethylmaleimide and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate can be protected against by
      occupying the receptor site with either antagonists or agonists, however, such
      treatments do not protect against inactivation of [3H]NPA binding. The effects of
      selectively decreasing the receptor subunit concentration on the proportions of
      high and low affinity agonist-binding states was additionally examined. A
      phenoxybenzamine-induced decrease of up to 63% of the receptor-binding sites has
      no effect on the proportions of agonist-binding states as detected with
      agonist/[3H]spiroperidol-competition curves. These results can all be
      incorporated into a two-step, three-component ternary complex model in which the
      second binding reaction appears to be under equilibrium restraint.

PMID- 6833285
TI  - Characterization of the B-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The
      complete amino acid sequence and primary structure of its heteroglycan.
AB  - alpha 2HS-Glycoprotein, a normal human plasma protein, was recently shown to
      consist of two polypeptide chains. In the present study, we have separated these
      two chains from one another and have elucidated the complete primary structure of
      the B-chain. Employing automated Edman degradation, the polypeptide moiety of
      this chain was shown to consist of 27 amino acid residues with an unequal
      distribution of the neutral and charged amino acid residues. The first 20
      residues are uncharged, whereas the carboxyl-terminal heptapeptide contains all
      charged residues. Utilizing 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the carbohydrate unit
      proved to be a trisaccharide consisting of sialic acid, galactose, and N
      acetylgalactosamine O-glycosidically linked to serine (residue 6). The structure
      of the B-chain was found to be as follows. (formula; see text) Thus, the
      molecular weight of the B-chain is 3386. Evaluation of the polypeptide chain by
      the procedure of Chou and Fasman (Chou, P.Y., and Fasman, G.D. (1979) Adv.
      Enzymol. 47, 45-148) predicts that the B-chain has two beta-turns. Thereby, the
      carbohydrate unit which is linked to the Ser residue located in the first beta
      turn appears to be directed away from the protein. The second beta-turn probably
      includes the Cys residue which links the B- to the A-chain. In agreement with the
      CD analysis, the B-chain lacks beta-conformation but possesses a short alpha
      helical region.

PMID- 6833286
TI  - Action of glycerol and sodium molybdate in stabilization of the progesterone
      receptor from rat trophoblast.
AB  - This study compares the stabilizing effects of glycerol and sodium molybdate on
      the progesterone receptor in vitro. Trophoblastic tissue from day 12 embryos was
      homogenized in TD buffer (10 mM Tris, 1 mM dithiothreitol at pH 7.8, 4 degrees C)
      with 30% glycerol (v/v) (TDG-30%) and/or 10 mM sodium molybdate (TDG-30% + Mo and
      TD + Mo, respectively). Receptor was partially purified from cytosol by ammonium
      sulfate precipitation and incubated overnight (4 degrees C) with [3H]P +/-
      unlabeled progesterone in appropriate buffer to measure binding properties of the
      receptor under various buffer conditions. The effects of glycerol and sodium
      molybdate on sedimentation behavior of receptor in 5-20% sucrose gradients was
      studied in other experiments. Binding parameters were indeterminate when the
      receptor was incubated in the basic TD buffer only. However, in the presence of
      molybdate and/or glycerol high affinity binding was maintained at 0 and 15
      degrees C (Kd congruent to 2 nM). In TD + Mo media high affinity binding was lost
      (Kd = 14 and 35 nM at 0 and 15 degrees C, respectively). The receptor always
      sedimented as 4-5 S forms unless molybdate was present whereupon they were
      replaced by 7-8 S moieties. Under conditions of high salt (0.3 M KCl) high
      affinity was preserved by glycerol, as in low salt conditions, and a new 6-7 S
      moiety occurred; in addition to this form, the 7-8 S aggregate was retained in
      the presence of molybdate. Thermodynamic studies showed that the addition of
      molybdate to glycerol media did not alter the energy of activation for
      progesterone-receptor interaction measured at 0 and 15 degrees C; however, at 30
      degrees C molybdate was necessary to prevent denaturation of receptor. Glycerol
      and molybdate must be present from the time of tissue extirpation for maximum
      stabilization. Denaturation begins immediately and is only partially reversible.
      It is concluded that glycerol interacts with the surface of the receptor molecule
      in such a way as to favor the folded native state which preserves high affinity
      interactions whereas molybdate interacts directly with receptor to maintain 7-8 S
      aggregates which increases the availability of binding sites.

PMID- 6833287
TI  - Catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated adrenal medullary chromaffin
      cells.
AB  - The plasma membrane of cultured chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla was
      rendered leaky by incubation in low concentrations of digitonin. Digitonin (20
      microM) induced Ca2+-dependent release of 10-20% of the catecholamine in the
      presence of 10 microM Ca2+ without addition of secretagogue. Half-maximal
      catecholamine release occurred at approximately 1 microM Ca2+ x Mg2+ could not
      substitute for Ca2+. Cells incubated with digitonin rapidly lost their ability to
      exclude trypan blue. Digitonin caused release of the cytosolic markers lactic
      dehydrogenase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, but, in contrast to
      release of catecholamine, the release of the cytosolic proteins was inhibited by
      Ca2+. Soluble dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, a protein marker of granule contents,
      was released proportionally with catecholamine in a Ca2+ dependent manner.
      Catecholamine release was optimal in solutions containing MgATP. Hence, digitonin
      treated cells, although they lose soluble cytosolic proteins and presumably low
      molecular weight cytosolic constituents, maintain the Ca2+-dependent reactions of
      exocytosis in the presence of MgATP. Digitonin-treated chromaffin cells may be a
      powerful system in which to study the biochemical mechanisms underlying
      exocytosis.

PMID- 6833288
TI  - Interaction of ribonuclease A with estrogen receptor from rat mammary tumor MTW9.
AB  - Incubation of crude estrogen receptor preparations from mammary tumor cytosol
      with RNase A increases the sedimentation coefficient of the receptor from 9.7 S
      to 10.4 S. The effect is not obtained with other low molecular weight basic
      proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, or histone H2B). Nonenzymically active RNase A
      derivatives such as performic acid oxidized RNase A, fully reductively methylated
      RNase A, carboxymethyl-His-119-RNase A, and RNase S-protein were ineffective.
      RNase T1, an acidic endoribonuclease, was also without effect. However,
      enzymically active RNase S', prepared from a mixture of RNase S-protein and S
      peptide, shifted the sedimentation to 10.4 S. The increased sedimentation is not
      accompanied by a change in the Stokes radius of the receptor (74 A) or buoyant
      density in metrizamide (1.24 g/ml). The effect of RNase A on the sedimentation of
      the receptor can be reversed by subsequent incubation with human placental RNase
      inhibitor or with rabbit anti-RNase A antibodies. Direct interaction was shown by
      chromatography of the receptor on RNase A Sepharose. Thus, the shift in
      sedimentation results from binding of RNase A to the receptor and, although this
      requires that the enzyme active site be available, enzymic activity is not
      responsible for the effect. The interaction of RNase A with the receptor occurs
      at low ionic strength; it does not occur at elevated ionic strength or after
      activation of the receptor by precipitation with ammonium sulfate.

PMID- 6833289
TI  - On the mechanism of actin monomer-polymer subunit exchange at steady state.
AB  - The rate of exchange of G-actin with subunits of F-actin and the rate of
      hydrolysis of ATP in solutions of F-actin at steady state have been measured
      simultaneously. Subunit exchange kinetics were analyzed by both a treadmill model
      and an exchange-diffusion model. The best fit to a treadmill model of the data
      obtained in 0.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.2 mM ATP at 30 degrees C gave a treadmill
      efficiency (net monomers incorporated per ATP hydrolyzed) of 0.26, in good
      agreement with the previously reported s-value of 0.25 (Wegner, A. (1976) J. Mol.
      Biol. 108, 139-150) for similar ionic conditions. However, in this and other
      conditions with excess free divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+), the observed
      exchange kinetics were in better agreement with an exchange-diffusion model than
      with a treadmilling model over the entire time course of the experiment. In the
      absence of excess divalent cations (50 mM KCl), exchange was too slow to be
      analyzed adequately by either model. Using the measured filament length
      distribution and the observed fit of the exchange-diffusion model to the data in
      0.5 mM MgCl2, an on-rate constant of 2.8 x 10(6) M-1 S-1 and an off-rate constant
      of 5.8 s-1 were calculated. These values, while in good agreement with previously
      measured pre-steady state polymerization rate constants under different ionic
      conditions (Pollard, T. D., and Mooseker, M. S. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 88, 654
      659), are about 30-fold higher than the rate constants predicted from the rate of
      ATP hydrolysis at steady state. To rationalize these discrepancies, a model is
      proposed in which a segment of F-actin subunits at one or both ends of the
      filament contains bound ATP at steady state.

PMID- 6833290
TI  - Isolation and characterization of human erythrocyte insulin receptors.
AB  - The noncovalently associated 125I-insulin-receptor complex was isolated from
      human erythrocyte membranes after allowing 125I-insulin to interact with the
      membranes followed by extraction of the 125I-insulin-receptor complex with Triton
      X-102 or, alternatively, by complete solubilization of the membranes with sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS), removal of SDS, and then treatment of the solubilized
      sample with 125I-insulin. Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography of the 125I
      insulin-receptor complex obtained by both of the above procedures yielded a
      highly radioactive 140,000-Da complex which was dissociated into small peptides
      when subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, when the
      125I-insulin-treated membrane sample was extracted with Triton X-102, purified by
      DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, covalently cross-linked with
      disuccinimidyl suberate, and then subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, a highly radioactive component with Mr = 53,000 was obtained. On
      the other hand, when the Triton X-102-solubilized membrane receptor sample was
      fractionated by DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, complexed with 125I
      insulin, covalently crosslinked, and then applied to a Sepharose CL-6B column, a
      95,000-Da complex with high specific radioactivity was obtained. Upon SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 95,000-Da complex was dissociated into a
      53,000-Da component which appeared identical with that obtained from the receptor
      complex described above which was obtained by direct interaction of the membranes
      with 125I-insulin.

PMID- 6833291
TI  - Purification of insulin receptor with full binding activity.
AB  - Insulin receptor was purified 2400-fold with an overall yield of 40% from human
      placental membranes by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose
      and insulin-Sepharose. The receptor was eluted from insulin-Sepharose using mild
      conditions, eliminating urea, so that it was stable and retained full insulin
      binding activity. Chromatofocusing and gel filtration analysis indicated that the
      receptor preparation was apparently pure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis showed three high molecular weight protein bands with Mr =
      320,000, 300,000, and 270,000 under nonreducing conditions and two major protein
      bands with Mr = 135,000 and 90,000 under reducing conditions. The purified
      receptor showed a curvilinear Scatchard plot with maximum insulin binding of 28.5
      micrograms per mg of protein. In comparison, the receptor eluted from insulin
      Sepharose with previously used conditions in the presence of urea resulted in
      maximum insulin binding of only 6 micrograms per mg of protein. This indicates
      that a 4-to 5-fold increase in specific activity can be obtained by using the new
      elution conditions.

PMID- 6833292
TI  - Studies of the association of the eighth and ninth components of human complement
      within the membrane-bound cytolytic complex.
AB  - The association of the eighth (C8) and ninth (C9) components of human complement
      within membrane-bound C5b-9 was investigated using the photosensitive cross
      linking reagent N-succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate.
      Reaction of this reagent with either the purified alpha-gamma or beta subunit of
      C8 resulted in the introduction of 6-8 mol/mol of photosensitive 6-(4'-azido-2'
      nitrophenylamino)hexanoate (ANH) as an intrinsic ligand on each protein. The
      resulting ANH-(alpha-gamma) or ANH-(beta) was capable of recombining with
      equimolar amounts of beta or alpha-gamma, respectively, to yield ANH-C8. Parallel
      modifications of purified C9 resulted in incorporation of 3-4 mol/mol of ANH
      ligand. Both ANH-C8 and ANH-C9 retained their ability to incorporate into C5b-9.
      Two approaches were used to determine the proximity of C8 subunits to C9 within
      C5b-9. In one, the complex was assembled on erythrocytes by incubating EAC1-7
      cells separately with each form of ANH-C8 and subsequently saturating with 125I
      C9. After lysis, membranes were irradiated, solubilized, and analyzed by gel
      electrophoresis. Cross-linking was assessed by a shift in electrophoretic
      mobility of 125I-C9 to a higher molecular weight. Results using either form of
      ANH-C8 in C5b-9 showed that, although at least 30% was involved in cross-linking,
      none was cross-linked to C9. Similar results were obtained using a second
      approach in which cross-linker and radiolabel were transposed between C8 and C9.
      Here, EAC1-7 cells were incubated first with 125I-C8 containing either 125I
      (alpha-gamma) or 125I-(beta) and subsequently with ANH-C9. Although at least 48%
      of ANH-C9 in C5b-9 was involved in cross-linking in these experiments, no cross
      linking to either subunit of C8 was detected. These results suggest that C8 is
      not in close physical association with C9 within membrane-bound C5b-9.

PMID- 6833293
TI  - Genetic control of lipid transport in mice. I. Structural properties and
      polymorphisms of plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - To examine genetic factors involved in mammalian lipid transport, we present a
      detailed analysis of the plasma lipoproteins of the mouse and a survey of these
      lipoproteins among different inbred strains for genetic variations. Plasma
      lipoproteins were separated by differential ultracentrifugation into three
      density fractions: with densities less than 1.006 g/ml, between 1.006 and 1.063
      g/ml, and between 1.063 and 1.21 g/ml. On agarose gels, the d less than 1.006
      g/ml fraction migrated as a single major band with pre-beta mobility and appeared
      to correspond to human very low density lipoproteins based on its lipid and
      protein composition. The intermediate density class was heterogeneous, containing
      particles with beta and alpha mobilities on agarose gels. The 1.063-1.21 g/ml
      density fraction exhibited a single alpha-migrating band on agarose gels,
      characteristic of high density lipoprotein in other mammalian plasma. Marked
      genetic variation was seen for lipoprotein mobilities among different inbred
      strains. In Swiss random bred mice, most of the apoprotein was in high density
      lipoprotein (104 mg/dl of plasma). Lower protein concentrations of 8.5 and 6.2
      mg/dl were found in the d = 1.006-1.063 g/ml class and in the very low density
      lipoprotein, respectively. Proteins thought to be homologous to human
      apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, and E were identified on the basis of their
      distributions among the lipoprotein fractions, their molecular weights and
      isoelectric points and, for A-I, B, and E, by their cross-reactivities with
      antibodies prepared against purified rat apolipoproteins. Considerable structural
      and quantitative variations also exist among these apolipoproteins isolated from
      different inbred mouse strains. Our results provide a basis for the use of the
      mouse as a model system for the study of the genetic control of lipid transport.

PMID- 6833294
TI  - Isolation and characterization of lectins from Vicia villosa. Two distinct
      carbohydrate binding activities are present in seed extracts.
AB  - An uncharacterized lectin from Vicia villosa seeds has been reported to bind
      specifically to mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Kimura, A., Wigzell, H.,
      Holmquist, G., Ersson, B., and Carlsson, P., (1979) J. Exp. Med. 149, 473-484).
      We have found that V. villosa seeds contain at least three lectins which we have
      purified by affinity chromatography on a column of immobilized porcine blood
      group substances eluted with varying concentrations of N-acetylgalactosamine and
      by anion exchange chromatography. The three lectins are composed of two different
      subunits with Mr = 35,900 (subunit B) and 33,600 (subunit A), estimated from
      their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Sedimentation equilibrium analysis suggests that the purified lectins are
      tetramers. They have been designated B4, A4, and A2B2 to indicate their apparent
      subunit compositions. The purified B4 and A4 lectins contain 6.7-9.8%
      carbohydrate by weight; in addition, both are rich in the acidic and hydroxylic
      amino acids and lack cysteine and methionine. The A4 lectin agglutinates A
      erythrocytes specifically and binds to A1 erythrocytes (273,000 sites/cell) with
      an association constant of 1.8 X 10(7) M-1. Although a blood group A
      agglutinating activity was recognized in the original preparation of V. villosa
      lectins, lectins with this activity were obtained in relatively small amounts
      from seed extracts. The predominant lectin in V. villosa seeds, B4, does not
      agglutinate A, B, or O erythrocytes.

PMID- 6833295
TI  - Rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles. Isolation and topological
      characterization.
AB  - Canalicular plasma membranes were isolated from rat liver homogenates using
      nitrogen cavitation and calcium precipitation methods. Compared with homogenates,
      the membranes were enriched 55- to 56-fold in gamma-glutamyltransferase,
      aminopeptidase M, and alkaline phosphatase activities and showed very low
      enrichment in markers of other membranes. By electron microscopy, the membrane
      preparation contained neither junctional complexes nor contaminating organelles
      and consisted exclusively of vesicles. The presence of vesicles was also evident
      from the osmotic sensitivity of D-[6-3H]glucose uptake into the membrane
      preparation. Antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with highly purified rat
      kidney gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibited the transferase activity of intact or
      Triton X-100-solubilized membranes by 45-55%. Treatment of vesicles with anti
      gamma-glutamyltransferase antisera and anti-rabbit IgG antisera increased the
      apparent density of the membranes during sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
      gamma-Glutamyltransferase and aminopeptidase M activities were selectively
      removed from the vesicles by limited proteolysis with papain without changing the
      intravesicular space or alkaline phosphatase activity of the membranes. Specific
      binding of anti-gamma-glutamyltransferase antibody to the outer surface of
      isolated hepatocytes was observed as measured by the antisera and 125I-labeled
      protein A; binding followed saturation kinetics with respect to antibody
      concentration. These data indicate that the isolated canalicular membrane
      vesicles are exclusively oriented right-side-out and that gamma
      glutamyltransferase and aminopeptidase M are located on the luminal side of rat
      liver canalicular plasma membranes.

PMID- 6833296
TI  - Cloned mRNA sequences for two types of embryonic myosin heavy chains from chick
      skeletal muscle. I. DNA and derived amino acid sequence of light meromyosin.
AB  - Two myosin heavy chain cDNA clones (251 and 110), constructed from chick
      embryonic skeletal muscle mRNA, were subjected to extensive DNA sequence
      analysis. A complete description of the DNA sequence of clone 251 was obtained.
      This 1.5-kilobase pair cDNA sequence specified the COOH-terminal 439 amino acids
      of the myosin heavy chain, and included the entire 3' nontranslated region. The
      translated and 3' nontranslated sequences were purine- (64%) and AT-(71%) rich,
      respectively. The derived amino acid sequence of clone 251 correlated well with
      sequences obtained by direct amino acid sequencing of adult rabbit back muscle
      myosin heavy chain protein (87% homology), as well as with cloned myosin heavy
      chain sequences from other species. Comparison of clone 251 with a partial DNA
      sequence of clone 110 revealed significant structural differences both in the
      translated, and 3' nontranslated regions. This data indicates that these two
      clones represent two distinct myosin heavy chain genes. The protein sequence
      specified by clone 251 corresponds to the light meromyosin portion of the myosin
      heavy chain rod. These sequences, like other myosin heavy chain rod sequences,
      are alpha-helical and exhibit 7- and 28-residue periodicities in the linear
      distribution of nonpolar, and basic and acidic amino acids, respectively.

PMID- 6833297
TI  - Rabbit myocardial cytosolic lysophospholipase. Purification, characterization,
      and competitive inhibition by L-palmitoyl carnitine.
AB  - Rabbit myocardial lysophospholipase was purified 27,000-fold to near homogeneity
      by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel, gel filtration,
      chromatofocusing, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Chromatofocusing
      demonstrated two activity peaks, each with a molecular mass of 23,000 daltons by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both activity peaks
      had similar kinetic parameters (Vmax = 7 mumols/mg/min, Km = 9-11 microM) and
      similar pH profiles (7.5 optimum). Each activity peak was competitively inhibited
      by L-palmitoylcarnitine with similar inhibitory constants (KI = 10-11 microM). In
      addition, palmitic acid competitively inhibited myocardial lysophospholipase (KI
      = 37 microM). A rapid loss of lysophospholipase activity resulted from heating at
      37 degrees C in the absence of substrate (t1/2 = 3 min). This thermal
      denaturation was attenuated similarly by either lysophosphatidylcholine (15
      microM) or L-palmitoylcarnitine (15 microM). Thus, L-palmitoylcarnitine complexes
      with purified myocardial lysophospholipase and competitively inhibits a major
      pathway of lysophosphatidylcholine catabolism, thereby potentially contributing
      to accumulation of lysophosphatides in ischemic myocardium and ventricular
      dysrhythmia.

PMID- 6833298
TI  - Purification of the acyl coenzyme A reductase component from a complex
      responsible for the reduction of fatty acids in bioluminescent bacteria.
      Properties and acyltransferase activity.
AB  - The acyl-CoA reductase component of the fatty acid reductase complex responsible
      for synthesis of long chain aldehydes for the bioluminescent reaction in bacteria
      has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme copurified as part of the complex
      through the initial steps and was then resolved and further purified to give a
      single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of molecular weight
      58,000. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 2 x 10(5), indicating it
      was an oligomeric enzyme containing identical subunits. The acyl-CoA reductase
      had a high specificity for NADPH with a Km value of 5 microM at optimal
      concentrations of tetradecanoyl-CoA (5-10 microM). The purified enzyme was
      discovered to have a high, intrinsic acyltransferase activity forming thioesters
      with a number of different thiol compounds (mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, 2
      mercaptoethyl ether). The rates of the acyltransferase and acyl-CoA reductase
      reactions were similar to the rate of turnover of the fatty acid reductase
      complex suggesting that fatty acid reduction and not activation controls the rate
      of conversion of fatty acids to aldehydes.

PMID- 6833299
TI  - Iron uptake and regulation of ferritin synthesis by hepatoma cells in hormone
      supplemented serum-free media.
AB  - Iron, as ferric nitrilotriacetate or ferric ammonium citrate, was administered to
      rat hepatoma cells (H4AZC2) that were grown in serum-containing media or in
      hormone-supplemented defined media on collagen matrices. High levels of iron
      either retarded growth or were cytotoxic, so conditions were established for
      maximum iron loading where cells survived at near normal growth rates. In all
      cases, cells exposed to iron produced more ferritin than those grown in its
      absence, and elevated ferritin levels were paralleled by higher intracellular
      iron contents. Cells grown in serum-free media, however, took up iron more
      rapidly than corresponding cells in serum-supplemented media, and intracellular
      iron and ferritin also reached much higher levels. During exponential growth
      stages, for example, ferritin levels in iron-stimulated cells were 35-fold
      greater than those in control cells. These results indicate that transferrin is
      not required as an iron donor as the inorganic iron was taken up effectively and
      utilized to stimulate ferritin synthesis. Twenty-four hours after iron
      administration, endocytotic mechanisms were evident by the appearance of coated
      vesicles and pits and visible cytoskeletal structures. Subsequently, clusters of
      iron micelles appeared in the cell. Ferritin isolated from iron-overloaded cells
      were rich in L-type subunits, but newly synthesized ferritins in iron-stimulated
      or control cells had almost equivalent amounts of heavy and light subunit
      constituents.

PMID- 6833300
TI  - Homologous nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of messenger RNAs synthesized
      from the yeast enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene
      families. The primary structure of a third yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase gene.
AB  - Genomic DNA containing a third yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      structural gene has been isolated on a bacterial plasmid designated pgap11. The
      complete nucleotide sequence of this structural gene was determined. The gene
      contains no intervening sequences, codon usage is highly biased, and the
      nucleotide sequence of the coding portion of this gene is 90% homologous to the
      other two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes (Holland, J. P., and
      Holland, M. J. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2596-2605). Based on the extent of
      nucleotide sequence divergence among the three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase genes, it is likely that they arose as a consequence of two
      duplication events and the gene contained on the hybrid plasmid designated pgap11
      is a product of the first duplication event. All three structural genes share
      extensive nucleotide sequence homology in the 5'-noncoding regions adjacent to
      the three respective translational initiation codons. The gene contained on
      pgap11 is not homologous to the others downstream from the respective
      translational termination codon, however. The 5' termini of messenger RNAs
      synthesized from the three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and two yeast
      enolase genes have been mapped to sites ranging from 36 to 82 nucleotides
      upstream from the respective translational initiation codons. In each case the 5'
      terminus of the mRNA maps to a region of strong nucleotide sequence homology
      which is shared by all five structural genes. These latter data confirm that all
      five structural genes are expressed during vegetative cell growth and further
      support the hypothesis that a portion of the 5'-noncoding flanking region of the
      yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase genes evolved from a
      common precursor sequence.

PMID- 6833301
TI  - A comparative study of Danish (Statens Seruminstitut), Glaxo and Behringwerke
      vaccines--revaccination of schoolchildren.
AB  - Three BCG vaccines were studied for their capacity to evoke tuberculin reactivity
      and local reactions at revaccination. The vaccines were produced by Statens
      Seruminstitut in Denmark (vaccine based on the Danish strain 1331), by the Glaxo
      Laboratories in England (vaccine based on the British strain 1077) and by the
      Behringwerke in the Federal Republic of Germany (vaccine based on the Danish
      strain 1331). The study comprised three independent trials (in Gothenburg, Umea
      Skelleftea and Stockholm) in children aged 14-15 years who had been vaccinated
      with BCG at birth. A total of 2997 children were vaccinated. In the Gothenburg
      areas tuberculin tests (2 TU PPD RT23) were performed 6-7 weeks after
      vaccination. Of the children vaccinated with the Danish vaccine 98% developed a
      tuberculin induration of greater than 6 mm. The mean size of induration was 11.4
      mm. The corresponding figures for the Glaxo vaccine were 98% and 13.4 mm, and for
      the Behringwerke vaccine 76% and 8.0 mm. Open lesions 6-7 weeks after vaccination
      were reported in 4% of the children vaccinated with Danish vaccine (mean diameter
      of lesion 4.0 mm) and in 8% vaccinated with the Glaxo vaccine (mean diameter of
      lesion 4.6 mm) while none vaccinated with the Behringwerke vaccine showed open
      lesions. On the basis of the results obtained in our investigation as well as in
      other studies reported in the BCG literature, the authors concluded that the
      Danish and the Glaxo vaccines at present appear suitable vaccines for use in
      Sweden.

PMID- 6833302
TI  - A comparison of high performance liquid chromatographic assays with the current
      pharmacopoeial assays for the combined formulation of ergometrine and oxytocin.
AB  - This paper reports the comparison of recently-developed chromatographic assays
      (using high performance liquid chromatography) with the present British
      Pharmacopoeial methods for the combined formulation of ergometrine and oxytocin.
      The estimates using high performance liquid chromatography were in good agreement
      with both the Pharmacopoeial determinations and nominal contents. The variability
      of estimates for ergometrine was similar for both procedures, whereas the
      variability of estimates of oxytocin content by chromatographic assay was
      significantly less than the variability of estimates by the Pharmacopoeial
      bioassay.

PMID- 6833303
TI  - A W.H.O. collaborative study of in vitro and in vivo methods for the assay of
      yellow fever vaccines.
AB  - An international collaborative study was carried out to compare the plaque assay
      in monolayer cell cultures with the mouse assay for the potency testing of yellow
      fever vaccines. Twelve laboratories assayed four preparations of yellow fever
      virus by both methods. Differences were found between estimates of infectivities
      obtained by different laboratories using the plaque assay. There was also large
      variation between the estimates of mouse LD50 obtained by different laboratories.
      However, expressing potencies of the preparations relative to a common
      preparation greatly reduced the variation between laboratories for both the
      plaque and the mouse tests; it also resulted in remarkably close agreement
      between the methods.

PMID- 6833304
TI  - Immunoelectrophoretic characterization of the molecular weight polydispersion of
      polysaccharides in multivalent bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines.
AB  - The molecular weight polydispersion of single antigens present in multivalent
      bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines has been characterized by an
      immunoelectrophoretic method. Chromatographic effluents from Sepharose gel of
      bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines were tested by fused-rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis and the distribution coefficient (Kd) of each
      polysaccharide present in the mixture was calculated. The method appeared to be
      efficient and reproducible. However, different Kd values were obtained by
      immunoelectrophoretic and chemical or physical analysis of the chromatographic
      effluents of each single polysaccharide component. The use of this
      immunoelectrophoretic procedure was extended to the potency control of
      multivalent meningococcal and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in order to
      detect changes in the molecular weight polydispersion of each antigen with time.

PMID- 6833305
TI  - Constitutive equations for fibrous connective tissues.
AB  - A general multiaxial theory for the constitutive relations in fibrous connective
      tissues is developed on the basis of microstructural and thermodynamic
      considerations. It is compatible with existing general material theories. In
      elastic tissues, the theory considers the strain-energy function to be the sum of
      strain-energies of the tissue's components. The stresses are derived from this
      strain-energy function. Viscoelastic constitutive relations are obtained in an
      analogous manner. Few examples are developed in detail. The results of the
      present strain-energy based theory are identical with those of the author's
      previous structural models (Lanir, 1979a, b) which are based on detailed
      equilibrium analysis. It turns out, however, that the analytical work involved in
      solving boundary value problems is considerably shorter if the present theory is
      used. The advantages of structural theories in avoiding ambiguity in material
      characterization and in offering an insight into the function, structure and
      mechanics of tissue components are discussed.

PMID- 6833306
TI  - An analysis of tibial component design in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - An axisymmetric finite element model of the proximal tibia and cemented tibial
      component subject to nonaxisymmetric loading is presented. Model variations
      included polyethylene components and steel reinforced polyethylene components
      both with and without a central fixation post. Central fixation posts of 35 and
      70 mm were modeled. A vertically oriented load applied unilaterally to the tibial
      component was found to generally cause the largest magnitude peak stresses within
      the various components of the structure. The addition of steel reinforcement to
      tibial components without central fixation post is predicted to significantly
      reduce stress levels within the polymethylmethacrylate and underlying cancellous
      bone. Although to a lesser extent, the addition of a relatively short central
      fixation post to the steel reinforced tibial component further reduced these
      stress levels. The longer steel central fixation post can appreciably reduce
      proximal cement and bone stress levels. The tibial component condylar width is
      predicted to have little effect on polymethylmethacrylate and cancellous bone
      stresses, with the exception that proximal tibial cancellous bone compressive
      stresses are reduced with wide steel reinforced components.

PMID- 6833307
TI  - Model studies of the stiffness characteristics of the human knee joint.
AB  - A three-dimensional mathematical model of the ligamentous knee joint has been
      developed and applied to studies of the mechanical response of the knee joint.
      The model includes a representation of the bony portion of the knee including the
      proximal tibia, distal femur, soft tissue structure and the contacting surfaces
      of the medial and lateral condyles. The bony portions of the model are
      represented by rigid bodies while the soft tissue structures are represented by
      spring and beam type elements. The model employs the direct stiffness approach
      from structural mechanics and uses an incremental linearization procedure for the
      geometric and material non-linearities. Studies with the model indicate that the
      geometric type non-linearities contribute to the overall non-linear response of
      the knee joint. It was also found that the load-displacement response of the knee
      is highly dependent on constraints to coupled degrees of freedom. This finding
      may be an important consideration when interpreting the results of standard
      laxity tests at the knee, which by their nature may impose constraints to motion.

PMID- 6833308
TI  - Failure properties of passive human aortic tissue. II--Biaxial tension tests.
AB  - Descending mid-thoracic aortas were obtained from 16 autopsies and biaxial
      inflation tests performed on the tissue at dynamic (approximately 20 s-1) and
      quasi-static (approximately 0.01 s-1) strain rates. A bubble inflation technique
      was developed for this purpose. Extension histories of the specimens were
      recorded photographically and values of ultimate stresses and extension ratios in
      biaxial stretch have been calculated. Under conditions of uniform biaxial stretch
      the tissue consistently failed in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of
      the aorta and pressure values at failure were greater by a factor of two in the
      dynamic tests than those in the quasi-static tests.

PMID- 6833309
TI  - A finite element model of the infarcted left ventricle.

PMID- 6833311
TI  - Factors determining changes in lower limb energy during swing in treadmill
      running.
AB  - This investigation determined the manner in which the lower limb is supplied with
      mechanical energy in the recovery phase of treadmill sprinting. This was done by
      following energy input to each limb segment through joint force power and muscle
      moment power. Joint force power and concentric muscle moment power at the hip are
      responsible for changes in limb energy although eccentric knee muscle moment
      power continually reduces total limb energy. In early recovery energy is
      transmitted distally to raise all segmental energies. In late recovery energy
      lost from shank and foot is transmitted proximally to the hip without loss in
      thigh energy. Interlimb exchanges of energy indicate that energy lost in late
      recovery is transmitted across the pelvis to provide a gain in energy in the
      opposite limb in early recovery. Much of the loss in limb energy appears to
      result from the presence of two joint muscles.

PMID- 6833310
TI  - Mechanical properties of the tibia from chickens with idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - The tibia from six-week old chickens that develop idiopathic scoliosis were
      studied with stress relaxation experiments and torsional strength testing. Most
      parameters observed did not show any significant differences between tibias
      obtained from chickens with scoliosis and tibias from the control birds; however,
      the rate of stress relaxation of the tibia from the birds with scoliosis was
      minimally increased over the controls. There were no significant differences
      noted in ultimate torsional strength, maximum angular deformity or modulae of
      torsional rigidity of the tibias from scoliotic chickens when compared to tibias
      from control chickens.

PMID- 6833312
TI  - Kinetic limitations of maximal sprinting speed.
AB  - One runner was filmed when sprinting at a variety of speeds on a treadmill and a
      variety of kinetic and kinematic variables was calculated during leg recovery.
      Peak total leg energy increased at lower speeds but changed little between
      penultimate and maximal speed. Consequently successful completion of recovery
      occurred at high speeds by delaying the reduction of total leg energy prior to
      foot strike. The extent of this delay appeared to be limiting between penultimate
      and maximal speed, and eccentric muscle moment at the knee appears to be the
      factor which limits this delay. This necessitated spending more time in the
      airborne phase of recovery and resulted in a modification of the relationship
      between stride length and stride frequency at high speeds. The fixed proportion
      of energy removed from the recovery leg at all speeds during contralateral stance
      was related to the action of two-joint muscles.

PMID- 6833313
TI  - Mechanical resonance of the human body during voluntary oscillations about the
      ankle joint.
AB  - Viscoelastic models of the musculoskeletal system suggest resonant frequencies of
      oscillatory movement at which maximal output is realized with minimal energy
      expenditure. To investigate this, resonance at the human ankle joint was explored
      by comparing predicted and experimental gain/frequency and phase frequency
      functions. These functions were predicted from viscous (B) and elastic (K)
      coefficients of ankle extensors which were determined from the damped sinusoidal
      force produced after landing with muscles in sustained contraction (B = 3986
      kg/s, K = 31,898 kg/s2). Experimental input/output functions were determined from
      Fourier analysis of force (output) and rectified, filtered EMG (input) obtained
      during voluntary sinusoidal oscillations of ground reaction force of a specified
      magnitude and frequency. Correlations between predicted and experimental
      functions were significant (p less than 0.02) in four of five subjects. The
      average resonant frequency was 3.33 +/- 0.15 Hz. The mechanical properties of
      muscle are considered to be as important as the nervous system in determining the
      choice of both the movement pattern and the strategy which is adopted in response
      to changing conditions.

PMID- 6833314
TI  - Moments of force and mechanical power in jogging.

PMID- 6833315
TI  - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate time curve: critique of an established
      solution.

PMID- 6833316
TI  - Fractures of the distal tibial epiphysis in adolescence.
AB  - We studied the cases of nine adolescent patients with a Salter-Harris Type-III
      fracture of the lateral portion of the distal tibial epiphysis (sometimes called
      the juvenile Tillaux fracture) and eight patients with a triplane fracture of the
      distal tibial epiphysis. The mechanism of both injuries was postulated to be
      external rotation of the foot on the leg. There were both two-fragment and three
      fragment triplane fractures in the series. The three-fragment triplane fractures
      occurred in younger patients, and surgical treatment was more frequently
      administered. The pattern of closure of the distal tibial growth plate in the
      adolescent strongly influenced the type of fracture.

PMID- 6833317
TI  - Radiographic abnormalities of the iliac apophysis in adolescent athletes.
AB  - Nine of thirteen adolescent patients with a diagnosis of a so-called hip-pointer
      injury demonstrated a discontinuity of the anterior part of the iliac apophysis
      on radiographs. Eight of the nine patients improved with conservative treatment
      and there was total resolution of symptoms in one to eight months. The remaining
      patient, who was skeletally mature at the time of writing, continued to have
      recurrent symptoms of discomfort over the iliac crest during athletic activity.
      Other reports have described the discontinuity as a stress fracture, but the
      natural history in our patients did not reveal evidence of fracture-healing.
      However, the discontinuity disappeared at skeletal maturity in all patients. The
      radiographic discontinuity may be an anatomical anomaly, since it was present
      bilaterally in all nine patients although only two had symptoms on both sides.

PMID- 6833318
TI  - Curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-three curves in 102 patients who were followed for an
      average of 40.5 years were evaluated to quantitate curve progression after
      skeletal maturity and for prognostic factors leading to curve progression. Sixty
      eight per cent of the curves progressed after skeletal maturity. In general,
      curves that were less than 30 degrees at skeletal maturity tended not to progress
      regardless of curve pattern. In thoracic curves the Cobb angle, apical vertebral
      rotation, and the Mehta angle were important prognostic factors. In lumbar curves
      the degree of apical vertebral rotation, the Cobb angle, the direction of the
      curve, and the relationship of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the intercrest line
      were of prognostic value. Translatory shifts played an important role in curve
      progression. Curves that measured between 50 and 75 degrees at skeletal maturity,
      particularly thoracic curves, progressed the most.

PMID- 6833319
TI  - Dislocation arthropathy of the shoulder.
AB  - Seventy-four shoulders in seventy patients with a history of single or multiple
      dislocations of the shoulder demonstrated radiographic evidence of glenohumeral
      arthropathy. In every patient radiographs of the contralateral shoulder failed to
      reveal any abnormality (except, of course, in patients with bilateral
      dislocation). There were sixty-two anterior and eleven posterior dislocations,
      and one multidirectional dislocation. Shoulders with a posterior dislocation had
      a much higher incidence of moderate and severe arthrosis than those that had an
      anterior dislocation. This seemed to be related to delay in diagnosis. The number
      of recurrent dislocations or the presence of defects of either the glenoid rim or
      the humeral head, or both, was not related to the severity of the arthrosis.
      Operations in which internal fixation devices intruded on joint cartilage
      frequently resulted in moderate to severe arthrosis. Ten of the fifteen shoulders
      with severe arthrosis and six of the fourteen with moderate arthrosis had had no
      operation for the dislocation. Six of these sixteen shoulders had had a posterior
      dislocation for which reduction had been delayed.

PMID- 6833320
TI  - The value of computed tomography in thoracolumbar fractures. An analysis of one
      hundred consecutive cases and a new classification.
AB  - We studied 100 consecutive patients with potentially unstable fractures and
      fracture-dislocations by multiplane computed tomography. The mechanism of failure
      of the middle osteoligamentous complex of the spine (posterior longitudinal
      ligament, posterior part of the vertebral body, and posterior annulus fibrosus)
      was determined by three-dimensional analysis. Three modes of middle-column
      failure were used to classify the injuries: axial compression (seventy-three
      patients), axial distraction (fifteen patients), and translation within the
      transverse plane (twelve patients). Fifty of eighty-six patients who were
      evaluated in the acute phase of injury underwent operative stabilization, and the
      mechanism of middle-column disruption determined the type of instrumentation that
      was used. Compression and distraction injuries of the middle complex could be
      appropriately treated by Harrington distraction and compression instrumentation,
      respectively. However, in translational injuries (torn posterior longitudinal
      ligament) routine Harrington instrumentation was contraindicated due to the risk
      of overdistraction. Translational injuries were associated with the greatest
      degree of instability and often had complete ligament discontinuity at the level
      of the affected vertebrae. Patients with a translational injury had the most
      severe neural deficits (six of eleven patients studied acutely having a complete
      spinal cord lesion). Translational injuries of the middle column were treated by
      segmental spinal instrumentation to provide strong fixation with minimum risk of
      neural sequelae from passing sublaminar wires. Moreover, postoperative use of a
      cast over insensate skin was not required. Computed tomography was more sensitive
      than any other modality in the diagnosis of disruption of the posterior elements
      in unstable burst fractures, and computer-reconstructed sagittal images were
      accurate in evaluating the nature of facet-joint failure in distraction injuries.
      Computed tomography with metrizamide proved superior to either conventional
      tomography or myelography alone in localizing the site of neural canal compromise
      in acute thoracolumbar injuries. The mode of failure of the middle
      osteoligamentous complex as visualized by computed tomography determined the
      pattern of spinal injury, the severity of the neural deficit, the degree of
      instability, and the type of instrumentation required.

PMID- 6833321
TI  - Total hip arthroplasties in patients less than forty-five years old.
AB  - We studied the cases of eighty-one patients (108 total hip arthroplasties),
      ranging in age from fourteen to forty-five years, at an average of 4.5 years
      after the index operation and evaluated them with regard to six major factors:
      age, disease, Charnley category, prior operations, length of time since
      arthroplasty, and quality of the arthroplasty with regard to cementing technique
      and component position. After two to five years 78 per cent were satisfactory,
      but after five years or more only 72 per cent were satisfactory. Patients who
      were less than thirty years old had poorer results. Good technique yielded 93 per
      cent satisfactory clinical results. The patients in this study with the worst
      prognosis for success following total hip arthroplasty were less than thirty
      years old, had osteonecrosis or osteoarthritis as the primary disease, and had a
      less than optimum reconstruction. Patients who were alcohol-abusers or who had
      had a prior hip infection or a prior acetabular cup or femoral hemiarthroplasty
      also had a poor prognosis. Patients who had the arthroplasty for collagen disease
      or were thirty years old or older, or both, and had a good technical
      reconstruction had the best prognosis.

PMID- 6833322
TI  - The use of pulsing electromagnetic fields to achieve arthrodesis of the knee
      following failed total knee arthroplasty. A preliminary report.
AB  - Treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields was used as an adjunct in twenty
      patients who had had a knee arthrodesis after failure of a total joint
      arthroplasty. Eighteen had had an infected arthroplasty; one, mechanical
      loosening; and one, recurrent dislocation. Arthrodesis had been attempted twenty
      five times in these twenty patients prior to application of the coils. These
      procedures included the use of twenty-two external fixation frames, one
      compression plate, one intramedullary rod, and one cylinder cast. Two groups of
      patients were identified: those with non-union and those with delayed union.
      Fourteen patients began treatment six months or more after arthrodesis and were
      considered to have a non-union. The other six patients started treatment less
      than six months after attempted arthrodesis because there was no evidence of
      progression toward union. They were considered to have delayed union. In
      seventeen (85 per cent) of the twenty patients a clinically solid arthrodesis
      with roentgenographic evidence of bone-bridging was achieved. The average time to
      union after coil therapy was started was 5.8 months, with a range of three to
      twelve months. The patients who started coil treatment earlier after arthrodesis
      showed a tendency to heal faster. The three patients who had failures were the
      only ones who did not adhere to the protocol, and all three were in the non-union
      group. All patients with a solid arthrodesis were free of pain and able to walk
      at the time of follow-up, nine to thirty-one months after the completion of
      treatment. The use of pulsing electromagnetic fields appears to be a valuable non
      invasive adjunct when performing arthrodesis of the knee after failed total joint
      arthroplasty.

PMID- 6833323
TI  - Giant-cell tumor of bone in skeletally immature patients.
AB  - Giant-cell tumor of bone is predominantly an affliction of adults and is rarely
      found in skeletally immature patients. We are reporting six new cases of
      histologically confirmed giant-cell tumor of bone in patients with
      radiographically open epiphyseal plates. These patients account for 1.8 per cent
      of the 326 giant-cell tumor of bone observed at the Bone Tumor Center of the
      Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli in Bologna, Italy.

PMID- 6833324
TI  - Fractures of the distal end of the femur below hip implants in elderly patients.
      Treatment with the Zickel supracondylar device.
AB  - Four elderly patients with a fracture of the distal end of the femur below a pre
      existing non-cemented hip implant were treated with the Zickel supracondylar
      device using a closed intramedullary technique. The results were uniformly
      successful and there were no complications. This method is recommended if the
      fracture is not comminuted and the proximal implant does not so obstruct the
      femoral canal as to prevent the passage of the two intramedullary rods.

PMID- 6833325
TI  - A stress analysis of acetabular reconstruction in protrusio acetabuli.
AB  - We are reporting the results of a finite-element analysis of acetabular
      reconstruction for total hip replacement in the presence of protrusio acetabuli.
      In a protruded acetabulum, cortical bone stresses on the medial part of the
      pelvic wall increase with medial placement of the acetabular component, while
      normal placement of the component (more lateral placement) reduces these
      stresses. Metal backing of a polyethylene acetabular component causes a reduction
      in the peak cement and trabecular-bone stresses. A metal protrusio ring about
      only the periphery of the acetabular component increases stress levels within the
      lateral part of the pelvic cortex and has little effect on stresses in the medial
      part of the pelvic wall. A complete metal protrusio cup increases stresses in the
      lateral part of the pelvic cortex while decreasing substantially the stresses in
      the medial part of the cortex and the trabecular bone. Prosthetic reinforcement
      of the medial part of the acetabular wall has little effect on stress patterns in
      the acetabular region. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major long-term problem with
      cemented total hip prostheses is loosening. Loosening is probably related in part
      to the stress state in the cement and surrounding bone. The protruded acetabulum
      is particularly difficult to reconstruct in a manner that ensures longevity of
      the total hip replacement. In patients with protrusio acetabuli, the prosthetic
      acetabulum should be placed in a normal and not in a protruded position. A metal
      backed acetabular component or a complete metal cup incorporated within the
      cement reduces stress levels within the medial aspect of the pelvic bone and thus
      may reduce the incidence of loosening.

PMID- 6833326
TI  - The role of lavage in preventing hemodynamic and blood-gas changes during
      cemented arthroplasty.
AB  - An experimental model was designed to investigate the role of meticulous
      intramedullary lavage in the prevention of the blood-gas and hemodynamic changes
      that have been documented to occur during cemented arthroplasty. Twenty-one adult
      mongrel dogs were divided into two groups. One group had the medullary canal
      thoroughly lavaged prior to insertion of the cement and prosthesis and the other
      group had no lavage. The results clearly showed that careful lavage can eliminate
      the significant decreases in arterial PO2 and increases in intrapulmonary shunt
      fraction and pulmonary artery pressure that were evident in the group that did
      not have lavage. Femoral medullary reaming was investigated and was shown not to
      compromise the dogs' cardiopulmonary status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: During cemented
      arthroplasty, thorough lavage of a plugged medullary canal prior to insertion of
      the cement and prosthesis is a highly effective prophylactic measure in the
      elimination of gas-exchange and hemodynamic complications.

PMID- 6833327
TI  - Comparative evaluation of cefamandole and cephalothin in the treatment of
      experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in rabbits.

PMID- 6833328
TI  - Correction of intrinsic-minus hands associated with reversal of the transverse
      metacarpal arch.
AB  - In a hand with paralysis of the intrinsic muscles, the clawing of the fingers is
      associated with deformity of the distal transverse metacarpal arch. The arch is
      often flattened in the open-hand position and is sometimes reversed. Sixteen
      hands were operated on with a new tendon-transfer procedure aimed at simultaneous
      correction of the deformities of the arch and of the fingers. Adequate
      restoration of the arch was attained in all sixteen hands while the deformity and
      disability were corrected in 85 per cent of the fingers.

PMID- 6833329
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of bone.
AB  - The technique of fine-needle aspiration biopsy seems to be ideally suited for the
      diagnosis of lytic bone lesions at practically any location in the skeleton. The
      technique is simple, carries minimum risks, and can often be performed on an
      outpatient basis. Advances in cytological techniques have made it possible to
      reach an accurate diagnosis for most patients within twenty-four hours. The
      accuracy rate in the present study of seventy patients was 87.5 per cent, but the
      lesions studied included few primary bone tumors. One limitation of the technique
      is the difficulty in sampling a lesion that is covered by compact bone.

PMID- 6833331
TI  - Development of the menisci of the human knee joint. Morphological changes and
      their potential role in childhood meniscal injury.

PMID- 6833332
TI  - Juvenile synovial chondromatosis of the hip. A case report.

PMID- 6833330
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of penicillin in osteomyelitic canine bone.

PMID- 6833333
TI  - Massive synovial hypertrophy in Reiter's syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 6833334
TI  - Extravasation of injected calcium solution leading to calcifications in the upper
      extremity of the neonate. Report of a case.

PMID- 6833335
TI  - Detection and prevention of pulmonary embolism in total hip replacement.

PMID- 6833336
TI  - Estimation of liver tumor volume using different formulas - an experimental study
      in rats.
AB  - Experimental solitary ellipsoid liver tumors in the rat can be induced by
      inoculation of a tumor-cell suspension of known potency into the liver
      parenchyma. During laparotomy, the largest (a) and the smallest (b) superficial
      diameters of the tumor were measured on the surface of the liver with vernier
      calipers. Four different formulas have been tested and compared with the actual
      volume from the extirpated tumor and tumor weight. Within the size range of 15
      700 mm3, based on the calculation of the difference between logarithmic tumor
      volume from the different formulas versus logarithmic volume of extirpated and
      dissected tumors and regression analyses, volume of the unremoved liver tumor can
      be best calculated according to the formula V = a x b2/2.

PMID- 6833337
TI  - The effect of thrombocytopenia and antiserotonin treatment on the lodgement of
      circulating tumor cells. A vital fluorescence microscopic, electron microscopic
      and isotope study in the rat.
AB  - The hepatic lodgement of intraportally injected fibrosarcoma cells was analysed
      with a combination of vital fluorescence microscopic, electron microscopic and
      isotope techniques in normal, thrombocytopenic and antiserotonin treated
      (Ketanserin) rats. Ketanserin had no effect on the initial arrest of the tumor
      cells, as measured 5 min after tumor cell injection, which is in analogy with our
      previous results on thrombocytopenia. Three hours after injection, the number of
      lodged tumor cells was significantly reduced by both thrombocytopenia and
      Ketanserin treatment. Thrombocytopenia was more efficient in reducing tumor cell
      lodgement than antiserotonin treatment. The in vivo and electron microscopic
      observations indicated that the reduction of tumor cell lodgement was due to an
      increased destruction of tumor cells. The similar effects of Ketanserin and
      thrombocytopenia suggest that serotonin, when released from platelets activated
      in the presence of tumor cells, increases the survival of fibrosarcoma cells
      lodged in the liver.

PMID- 6833339
TI  - 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced amplification of mesenchymal
      tumorigenesis in the mouse skin.
AB  - Skin tumors were induced in 6-week-old female Swiss albino mice by a single
      subcutaneous (SC) injection of 20-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in the right scapular
      region and the animals were then divided into four groups. Mice in group I did
      not receive further treatment. Six weeks after MCA injection, those in groups II
      and III received twice weekly applications of 0.1 ml acetone and 1.8 nmol 12-0
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 0.1 ml acetone, respectively, at the
      site of MCA injection until tumor development. Group IV animals were divided into
      four subsets and administered two, four, six, or eight TPA applications
      commencing 6 weeks after carcinogen injection. The effect of TPA pretreatment on
      MCA-induced tumorigenesis was studied in animals in group V. In mice treated with
      MCA alone, the most predominant mesenchymal tumor type is fibrosarcoma with
      induction of some rhabdomyosarcomas. Mixed mesenchymal tumors consisting of
      fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or hibernoma were observed in only 12% of the
      animals. The number of animals bearing mixed mesenchymal tumors such as
      fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hibernoma, and/or liposarcoma increased to 46% in
      mice receiving MCA + TPA until tumor development. Interestingly, liposarcomas
      were not found at all in animals treated with MCA alone. The data indicates that
      TPA application to precancerous mouse skin enhances mesenchymal tumorigenesis.

PMID- 6833338
TI  - Animal experiments regarding a possible carcinogenic effect of phenacetin on the
      resting and proliferating urothelium stimulated by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6833340
TI  - Determination of growth kinetics in a renal sarcoma of the rat by double labeling
      with 14C- and 3H-thymidine.
AB  - An in vitro double-labeling technique for determination of kinetic growth
      parameters was tested; 13 renal sarcomas of rats were incubated after excision
      under standardized conditions with 14C- and 3H-thymidine successively. Another
      ten tumors were evaluated after in vivo double injection of 14C and 3H-thymidine
      into sarcoma-bearing animals. In both groups histoautoradiography was performed
      using a simple stripping-film method. Results including labeling indices, mitotic
      indices, length of DNA-synthesis phase and cell-production rate obtained by both
      methods were in excellent agreement. All values fitted those determined in
      earlier experiments using a continuous labeling and a fraction-labeled-mitoses
      method in vivo. Theoretical considerations on the calculation of kinetic
      parameters by double labeling have been added. The experimental results found in
      this study represent a base for evaluation of biopsies from human tumors.

PMID- 6833341
TI  - An experimental study on bacterial colonization, nitrite and nitrosamine
      production in the operated stomach.
AB  - Intragastric bacterial growth and nitrite and nitrosamine formation were
      investigated in animal experiments after different surgical procedures of ulcer
      management with regard to carcinogenesis in the operated stomach. The operative
      procedures resulted in an alteration in the gastric flora with an increase and
      predominance of nitrate-reducing bacteria. There was an increase in the
      intragastric nitrite and nitrosamine concentration corresponding to the increase
      in nitrate-reducing bacteria. All three parameters showed the greatest increase
      after gastric resection, whereas there were no significant differences after
      vagotomy with pyloroplasty, compared with a control group. These findings in
      animal experiments are of etiopathological relevance to the known danger of
      cancer in the resected human stomach and should be taken into consideration when
      choosing a procedure for surgical ulcer therapy.

PMID- 6833342
TI  - Identification and purification of Namalwa nuclear RNP antigen 52/5.3.
AB  - Using affinity purified rabbit antibodies to HeLa nucleoli and the Western
      blotting techniques, an antigen with an approximate molecular weight of 52,000
      and pI of 5.3 was found in Namalwa cells (a Burkitt lymphoma), but not in normal
      liver cells. This antigen was purified from Namalwa RNP by column chromatography
      on Sephacryl S-200, hydroxylapatite and one-dimensional SDS gel electrophoresis.
      A liver protein with the same molecular weight and pI value was purified from RNP
      fraction by one-dimensional SDS gel electrophoresis. Both proteins had similar
      amino-acid compositions. The tryptic map of 125I-labeled protein 52/5.3 contained
      approximately nine major spots; spot 9 was present in the Namalwa protein but not
      in the liver protein. The similarity of the structures of these proteins and
      their differences in antigenicity are noteworthy and require further structural
      and functional analysis.

PMID- 6833343
TI  - Skin cancer in Greenland 1955-1974.
AB  - During the period from 1955 to 1974, a total of 23 cases of skin cancer in
      indigenous Greenlanders was diagnosed, 15 in males and eight in females. There
      were ten basal cell carcinomas, four squamous-cell carcinomas, five malignant
      melanomas of the skin, and four sarcomas. Eight of the ten basal cell carcinomas
      were located on the head, half of these on the eyelids. Three of the four
      squamous-cell carcinomas were found on the lower lip. The number of malignant
      melanomas in females and the number of remaining, nonmelanotic skin cancers in
      both males and females were significantly lower than expected if the incidence in
      the Greenland population had been the same as in Denmark. Since recent
      investigations seem to indicate that the annual ultraviolet radiation is of
      almost the same magnitude as in northwest Europe, the low incidence may be due to
      less skin exposure and/or ethnic factors such as a higher degree of pigmentation.
      No accumulation of cases within definite geographical areas was found and no
      occupational clustering was apparent. As regards both squamous-cell carcinomas
      and malignant melanomas, the degree of metastases and survival indicated that
      Greenlandic patients sought medical assistance very late.

PMID- 6833345
TI  - Neonatal aortic thrombosis: complication of umbilical artery cannulation.
AB  - Thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta secondary to umbilical artery
      cannulation in two critically ill neonates with severe ischemia is presented.
      Emergency surgical treatment by abdominal aortotomy and thrombectomy resulted in
      survival of both patients. Details of the operative technique are reviewed.
      Etiologic factors predisposing to this disastrous complication are discussed.
      Recommendations for prevention and a logical approach to diagnosis and management
      are outlined.

PMID- 6833344
TI  - A 2.5-year follow-up of local immunotherapy of advanced stomach and intestinal
      adenocarcinoma with Propionibacterium granulosum.
AB  - Intratumoral injections of 10 mg cells walls from Propionibacterium granulosum
      strain KP-45 (PG) were applied in 14 patients with advanced, metastatic stomach
      (five cases) and colorectal (nine cases) adenocarcinoma. Each patient had his own
      "twin" control. All patients received no other anticancer treatment, except
      analgetics and/or palliative surgery. Treatment with PG resulted in partial
      regression of tumors accompanied by improvement of the clinical state of these
      patients as well as the reappearance of normal values in blood count biochemical
      parameters. In each pair of twin cases, survival of the PG-treated patient was
      longer than the untreated control. The mean survival of PG-treated patients was
      23.5 months (4 of 14 patients being still alive after 2.5 years follow-up), while
      all control patients died with a mean survival period of 6.4 months. The
      difference between these two patient groups of about 17 months is significant (p
      greater than 0.01).

PMID- 6833346
TI  - Control of bleeding during the Bentall operation.
AB  - A simple and effective method to diminish the amount of blood loss during the
      Bentall operation is described. This method is to connect the perigraft space
      between the aneurysmal wall and the aortic graft with the right atrium using a
      small plastic tube.

PMID- 6833347
TI  - Prolongation of the safe interval of hypothermic circulatory arrest: 90 minutes.
AB  - Twenty-nine adult mongrel dogs were subjected to profound hypothermia and 90
      minutes of total circulatory arrest. Pure surface (Group I) hypothermia and
      combined surface/perfusion techniques with bubble (Group II) and membrane (Group
      III) oxygenator systems were employed. Circulation was arrested at average
      esophageal temperatures of 18.4 degrees, 11.9 degrees and 8.5 degrees C in Groups
      I, II and III, respectively. Three animals in Group I failed to resuscitate. All
      survivors in the pure surface series developed postoperative gait (hypermetria)
      disturbances. One intraoperative death occurred in Group II and four of eight
      dogs arrested at esophageal temperatures above 10 degrees C but less than 15
      degrees C developed motor disturbances during a three week neurologic evaluation
      period. Animals arrested below 10 degrees C (esophageal) did not display
      postoperative neurological abnormalities. Three dogs in Group III died from a
      hemorrhagic diathesis of uncertain etiology. None of the survivors (5) that were
      cooled and arrested below esophageal temperatures of 10 degrees C developed motor
      or sensory disturbances. We conclude that in the canine model the central nervous
      system can be protected for 90 minutes of total circulatory arrest at esophageal
      temperatures less than 10 degrees C.

PMID- 6833348
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of toe systolic pressures with special reference to
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Toe and ankle systolic blood pressures were measured noninvasively in
      asymptomatic volunteers and in patients with peripheral arterial obstructive
      disease. The measurement of ankle pressure was falsely elevated in 23% (51/219)
      of the diseased limbs studied, as a consequence of partial or total vessel
      incompressibility caused by arterial calcification and rigidity. Eighty percent
      (41/51) of limbs with erroneous ankle pressure readings were from patients with
      diabetes mellitus. Toe pressure was the most reliable indicator of occlusive
      disease, and was able to assess disease distal to the ankle. Five groups were
      separated using the ankle-brachial and the toe-ankle systolic pressure ratios:
      normal, claudication, limb salvage, claudication/incompressible arteries, and
      limb salvage/incompressible arteries. Insulin dependent and orally-medicated
      diabetics predominated in the two groups with incompressible arteries. The toe
      brachial systolic pressure ratio was an accurate hemodynamic indicator of total
      peripheral arterial obstructive disease.

PMID- 6833349
TI  - Reflections in a normal eye: the effect of aortic stenosis on
      oculopneumoplethysmography.
AB  - The association of aortic stenosis and syncope is well recognized.
      Oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG) can provide an accurate index of carotid
      stenosis and indirectly measure cerebral perfusion. The possibility that OPG
      would be influenced by aortic valve disease was assessed in patients prior to
      valve replacement. 31 patients were studied. 19 patients had aortic stenosis
      (AS), 3 had aortic insufficiency (AI), and 10 had mixed lesions. OPG was positive
      in 15 patients (48%). Considering all forms of aortic valve disease, the
      likelihood that a positive OPG was indicative of AS with a gradient of greater
      than 60 mmHg was significant (P = .002). Of 18 patients with AS alone, no patient
      with a valve gradient greater than 60 mmHg had a negative OPG (P = .0001). OPG
      became normal in 11 of 12 patients restudied postoperatively. Critical aortic
      stenosis results in uneven distribution of blood flow into the brachiocephalic
      vessels. OPG accurately identifies this effect which becomes evident at aortic
      valve gradients greater than 60 mmHg.

PMID- 6833350
TI  - Management of thrombotic complications of invasive arterial monitoring of the
      upper extremity.
AB  - Invasive arterial monitoring is essential intraoperative and perioperative
      management of vascular and cardiac patients. Complications resulting from
      arterial monitoring, although rare, can result in severe functional sequelae and
      loss of an extremity. Severe extremity ischemia and repeated thromboses in a 10
      year-old male resulted from brachial arterial monitoring line. Multiple operative
      thrombectomies and systemic anticoagulation were unsuccessful. Limb salvage and
      arterial patency were achieved by saphenous vein patch angioplasty at site of
      arterial injury and intermittent intra-arterial streptokinase infusion placed
      into a natural side branch of the saphenous vein segment. Although many
      complications may result from arterial monitoring, the most serious is arterial
      thrombosis with impending digital or extremity gangrene. This constitutes a
      surgical emergency. When aggressive conventional surgical techniques alone fail
      to control catheter induced thrombosis, an innovative technique in combination
      with regional intra-arterial streptokinase therapy has been successful adjunctive
      measure in reestablishing microvascular patency resulting in limb salvage.

PMID- 6833351
TI  - Arterial embolectomies in the upper extremity after acute occlusion. Report on 79
      cases.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1981 a total of 79 surgical interventions were performed for
      acute ischemia of the upper extremities. The cause of occlusion in 70 patients
      was an arterial embolism, mainly affecting the brachial or radial artery.
      Embolectomy was successful in restoring the patency of the occluded vessel,
      regardless of its location or the duration of the occlusion. In 8 patients the
      cause of occlusion was an arterial thrombosis. The results after surgery varied,
      in 4 patients an amputation was necessary whilst 2 patients underwent successful
      bypass operations. One patient had angiospasm after osteosynthesis of a humerus
      fracture. The mean age was 67 years, the hospital mortality amounted to 12%.
      After embolectomy, the function and pulse condition of the treated extremity was
      excellent in the 51 patients still alive.

PMID- 6833354
TI  - Composite grafts: an alternative to saphenous vein for lower extremity arterial
      reconstruction.
AB  - In the absence of adequate saphenous vein for femoral-popliteal/infrapopliteal
      bypass grafts, composite grafts constructed with PTFE (Gore-tex) and short
      segments of autogenous tissue were utilized. The composite grafts (208 cases)
      were compared to plain PTFE (Gore-tex) grafts (235 cases) and to the literature
      results reported for saphenous vein grafts (2,108 cases) in limb salvage
      situations. Evaluation using life table analysis with followup extending to 63
      months indicates composite grafts yielded favorable results when compared to the
      "gold standard" of saphenous vein and superior results to plain PTFE (Gore-tex)
      grafts for infrapopliteal bypass. A combined, dual center approach was chosen to
      enhance significance by expanding the number of patients evaluated and extending
      the period of followup from earlier studies reported separately from each center.

PMID- 6833353
TI  - Early and late results of the Bentall operation for annulo-aortic ectasia.
AB  - Our experience is reported with 20 consecutive patients undergoing the Bentall
      operation during the past 10 years for ascending aortic aneurysms with aortic
      regurgitation due to idiopathic medical necrosis with a resultant annulo-aortic
      ectasia. Concomitant aortic dissection was present in 45% of the patients. In the
      earlier period from 1972 to 1976, the operative and hospital mortality rates were
      40%, and it was reduced to 0% (p less than 0.08) in the later period from 1977 to
      1981. Operative survivors showed the mean clinical improvement from the NYHA
      class 3.0 to 1.3. The LVEDP and the left ventricular dimension were significantly
      reduced toward normal (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001). The actuarial
      survival rate at 6 years after operation was 71% in this series. The Bentall
      operation can now be performed with a low risk, and can improve the clinical and
      hemodynamic states significantly. However, in patients with chronic type I aortic
      dissection, a false lumen remained patent after surgery regardless of the types
      of graft-distal aorta anastomosis. The fate of the remaining dissection is
      undetermined, but some may require further surgery.

PMID- 6833352
TI  - Toe blood pressure. A valuable adjunct to ankle pressure measurement for
      assessing peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - Ankle pressure measurements fail to reflect the severity of peripheral ischemia
      when the underlying vessels are calcified or when there is extensive pedal or
      digital arterial disease. These problems may be obviated by measuring pressures
      at toe level. In this study, toe pressures were correlated with ankle pressures,
      clinical symptoms, and the presence or absence of diabetes in 294 limbs. The
      relationship of toe pressures to healing of ulcers or amputations of the foot was
      investigated in 58 limbs. Measurements were made with a digital pneumatic cuff
      and a photoplethysmograph. The ability of absolute toe pressure, ankle/brachial
      index, toe/brachial index, toe/ankle index, and the brachial pressure minus the
      toe pressure to differentiate between asymptomatic, claudicating, and ischemic
      limbs was determined. The toe/brachial index, arm minus toe pressure, and the
      absolute toe pressure had an average sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 88%
      for asymptomatic limbs and 89% and 86% for ischemic limbs. A toe pressure greater
      than 30 mmHg was indicative of a good healing potential, and ankle pressure less
      than 80 mmHg was associated with poor healing. The correlation between ankle and
      toe pressures was essentially the same in both diabetic (r = 0.60) and non
      diabetic limbs (r = 0.62).

PMID- 6833355
TI  - The effect of different factors on the hemodynamics of extra-anatomic bypass.
AB  - Extra-anatomic bypass is an extremely useful procedure under certain clinical
      situations. However, it has been suggested that it may steal blood from the
      peripheral distribution of the donor artery. The hemodynamics of extra-anatomic
      bypass under basal and maximal flow, hypotensive state and inadequate inflow and
      outflow of donor artery were studied in twelve mongrel dogs. A right external
      iliac artery to left external iliac artery bypass with ligation of left external
      iliac artery proximal to the anastomosis was used as an experimental model. The
      hemodynamic situation of axillo-femoral bypass where the flow through the graft
      is several times the normal flow in the donor artery was simulated by increasing
      the graft flow by creating an A-V fistula on the recipient side. Following
      bypass, the increased demand of flow was met by a proportional increase of inflow
      into the donor artery and in supra-renal aortic flow. The "steal" of blood from
      the peripheral distribution of the donor artery was observed only when inflow
      into the donor artery was restricted beyond a critical point (60% in basal flow
      and 40% in a maximal flow). Restriction of outflow in the donor artery had no
      adverse effect on the hemodynamics of the bypass grafts. Neither steal nor
      redistribution of blood was observed in the hypotensive state. The result of this
      study suggests that the fear of "stealing" blood from other areas following an
      extra-anatomic bypass is ill-founded in the presence of normal inflow.

PMID- 6833356
TI  - Infected false femoral artery aneurysms secondary to monitoring catheters.
AB  - Six patients who developed infected false femoral artery aneurysms secondary to
      monitoring catheters are reported. All aneurysms were infected and resulted in
      systemic sepsis. Initially the origin of the sepsis was not obvious. Findings
      which suggest this lesion include staphylococci. Appearance of distal petechial
      hemorrhages should lend a strong suspicion to the possibility of the lesion.
      Appearance of the pulsatile groin mass completes the diagnosis. Only aneurysmal
      resection combined with appropriate antimicrobial therapy is curative. For
      necessary revascularization procedures, autogenous vein grafts should be used
      when available.

PMID- 6833357
TI  - The effects of embolectomy-thrombectomy catheters on vascular architecture.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to describe the evolution of an embolectomy
      thrombectomy catheter (ETC) injury over a six week period. Carotid arteries and
      jugular veins in six adult dogs were subjected to ETC withdrawals at a standard
      velocity and balloon size. Vascular segments were excised as early as one hour
      and as late as six weeks. The specimens were prepared for light, scanning
      electron and transmission electron microscopic examination. In early specimens,
      arteries and veins showed endothelial denudation followed by regeneration. In
      later specimens, the arteries showed progressive disruption of the internal
      elastic lamina and marked subendothelial proliferation (arteriosclerosis). By the
      sixth week the artery's intima was equal in thickness to the media. The veins
      showed only regenerating endothelium without alterations of the subendothelium.
      Exposure of canine vasculature to ETC procedures caused pronounced transmural
      damage in the arteries and only endothelial alterations in the veins.

PMID- 6833358
TI  - A new surgical technique for treatment of annuloaortic ectasia.
AB  - Five patients with far advanced cystic medial necrosis of the ascending aorta
      associated with aortic regurgitation were operated upon using a method not
      previously described. This new method consists of a special wrapping procedure
      which acts like a tubular prosthesis replacement and a new technique of fixation
      of aortic valve prosthesis in order to prevent periprosthetic leakage. The
      advantages of this new alternative method comparing to the procedure of Bentall
      and DeBono are discussed.

PMID- 6833359
TI  - Switching of filamin polypeptides during myogenesis in vitro.
AB  - During chicken skeletal myogenesis in vitro, the actin-binding protein filamin is
      present at first in association with actin filament bundles both in myoblasts and
      in myotubes early after fusion. Later in mature myotubes it is found in
      association with myofibril Z disks. These two associations of filamin are
      separated by a period of several days, during which the protein is absent from
      the cytoplasm of differentiating myotubes (Gomer, R., and E. Lazarides, 1981,
      Cell, 23:524-532). To characterize the two classes of filamin polypeptides we
      have compared, by two-dimensional peptide mapping, 125I-labeled filamin
      immunoprecipitated from myoblasts and fibroblasts to filamin immunoprecipitated
      from mature myotubes and adult skeletal myofibrils. Myoblast filamin is highly
      homologous to fibroblast and purified chicken gizzard filamins. Mature myotube
      and adult myofibril filamins are highly homologous but exhibit extensive peptide
      differences with respect to the other three classes of filamin. Comparison of
      peptide maps from immunoprecipitated 35S-methionine-labeled filamins also shows
      that fibroblast and myoblast filamins are highly homologous but show substantial
      peptide differences with respect to mature myotube filamin. Filamins from both
      mature myotubes and skeletal myofibrils exhibit a slightly higher electrophoretic
      mobility than gizzard, fibroblast, and myoblast filamins. Short pulse-labeling
      studies show that mature myotube filamin is synthesized as a lower molecular
      weight variant and is not derived from a higher molecular weight precursor. These
      results suggest that myoblast and mature myotube filamins are distinct gene
      products and that during skeletal myogenesis in vitro one class of filamin
      polypeptides is replaced by a new class of filamin polypeptides, and that the
      latter is maintained into adulthood.

PMID- 6833361
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the erythroid progenitor cell: CFU-E.
AB  - Erythroid progenitor cells, CFU-E (colony-forming-unit-erythroid), were isolated
      to practical homogeneity by a combination of three enrichment procedures. CFU-E
      were generated in large amounts in spleens of mice previously bled and treated
      with the erythropoiesis-suppressing drug thiamphenicol. The average CFU-E
      concentration in spleens from mice 4 d after the thiamphenicol-treatment was 10%.
      These CFU-E were separated from lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and granulocytes and
      their progenitor cells by centrifugal elutriation and Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation. A three- to five-fold enrichment was obtained by elutriation,
      leading to a CFU-E concentration of 45%. With the Percoll gradient another
      twofold enrichment was achieved, providing us with a 80-100% CFU-E cell
      population. The overall recovery of CFU-E was 60-70%. This is a cheap, rapid, and
      highly efficient method of obtaining large quantities of viable CFU-E. The
      sequential formation of two-, four-, and eight-cell colonies from CFU-E cultured
      in vitro was studied. These cells enable us to study the biochemical changes
      occurring in the differentiation process of an erythroid progenitor cell induced
      by the hormone erythropoietin. The morphological and some physical and biological
      properties of these cells are presented.

PMID- 6833360
TI  - Distribution of filipin-sterol complexes on cultured muscle cells: cell
      substratum contact areas associated with acetylcholine receptor clusters.
AB  - Specialized areas within broad, close, cell-substratum contacts seen with
      reflection interference contrast microscopy in cultures of Xenopus embryonic
      muscle cells were studied. These areas usually contained a distinct pattern of
      light and dark spots suggesting that the closeness of apposition between the
      membrane and the substratum was irregular. They coincided with areas containing
      acetylcholine receptor clusters identified by fluorescence labeled alpha
      bungarotoxin. Freeze-fracture of the cells confirmed these observations. The
      membrane in these areas was highly convoluted and contained aggregates of large P
      face intramembrane particles (probably representing acetylcholine receptors). If
      cells were fixed and then treated with the sterol-specific antibiotic filipin
      before fracturing, the pattern of filipin-sterol complex distribution closely
      followed the pattern of cell-substratum contact. Filipin-sterol complexes were in
      low density in the regions where the membrane contained clustered intramembrane
      particles. These membrane regions were away from the substratum (bright white
      areas in reflection interference contrast; depressions of the P-face in freeze
      fracture). Filipin-sterol complexes were also in reduced density where the
      membrane was very close to the substratum (dark areas in reflection interference
      contrast; bulges of the P-face in freeze-fracture). These areas were not
      associated with clustered acetylcholine receptors (aggregated particles). This
      result suggests that filipin treatment causes little or no artefact in either
      acetylcholine receptor distribution or membrane topography of fixed cells and
      that the distribution of filipin-sterol complexes may closely parallel the
      microheterogeneity of membranes that exist in living cells.

PMID- 6833362
TI  - Arsenate induces stress proteins in cultured rat myoblasts.
AB  - The induction of stress proteins was examined in rat myoblast cultures by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. Data obtained by this analysis led to the
      following observations. (a) Arsenate, which behaves as a phosphate analogue in
      cellular phosphate-transfer reactions, stresses cultured rat cells and induces
      the synthesis of a unique set of proteins. (b) Most of the proteins synthesized
      after the addition of arsenate are identical to proteins synthesized in rat
      myoblasts in response to heat shock or arsenite stress. (c) However, both arsenic
      salts induce the synthesis of two unique proteins not induced by heat shock. (d)
      Five 25-30-kdalton stress proteins of rat cells do not contain methionine
      residues. (e) A majority of the proteins synthesized in stressed myogenic cells
      are also induced by stress in other rat cells such as hepatoma cells, pituitary
      tumor cells, and fibroblasts. The 25-30-kdalton stress-related proteins
      identified in myogenic cells, on the other hand, are induced in fibroblasts but
      not hepatoma or pituitary cells.

PMID- 6833363
TI  - Identification of fodrin as a major calmodulin-binding protein in postsynaptic
      density preparations.
AB  - A major protein of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), a doublet of 230,000 and
      235,000 Mr that becomes enriched in PSDs after treatment of synaptic membranes
      with 0.5% Triton X-100, has been found to be identical to fodrin (Levine, J., and
      M. Willard, 1981, J. Cell Biol. 90:631) by the following criteria. The upper
      bands of the PSD doublet and purified fodrin (alpha-fodrin) were found to be
      identical since both bands (a) co-migrated on SDS gels, (b) reacted with
      antifodrin, (c) bound calmodulin, and (d) had identical peptide maps after
      Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion. The lower bands of the PSD doublet and
      of purified fodrin (beta-fodrin) were found to be identical since both bands co
      migrated on SDS gels and both had identical peptide maps after S. aureus protease
      digestion. The binding of calmodulin to alpha-fodrin was confirmed by cross
      linking azido-125I-calmodulin to fodrin before running the protein on SDS gels.
      No binding of calmodulin to beta-fodrin was observed with either the gel overlay
      or azido-calmodulin techniques. A second calmodulin binding protein in the PSD
      has been found to be the proteolytic product of alpha-fodrin. This band (140,000
      Mr), which can be created by treating fodrin with chymotrypsin, both binds
      calmodulin and reacts with antifodrin.

PMID- 6833364
TI  - N-ethylmaleimide-modified subfragment-1 and heavy meromyosin inhibit reactivated
      contraction in motile models of retinal cones.
AB  - The mechanism of contraction in motile models of teleost retinal cones has been
      examined by using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-modified myosin fragments (NEM-S-1 and
      NEM-heavy meromyosin [HMM]) to prevent access of native myosin to actin filaments
      during reactivation of contraction. In the diurnal light/dark cycle, retinal
      cones of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus)
      exhibit length changes of more than 90 mum. The motile myoid region of the cone
      contracts from 100 mum in the dark to 6 mum in the light. Motile models for cone
      contraction have been obtained by lysis of dark-adapted retinas with the non
      ionic detergent, Brij-58. These cone motile models undergo Ca(++)-and ATP
      dependent reactivated contraction, with morphology and rate comparable to those
      observed in vivo (Burnside, B.,B. Smith, M. Nagata, and K. Porrello, 1982, J.
      Cell Biol., 92:198-206). The cone myoids contain longitudinally oriented actin
      filaments which bind myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) to form characteristic
      "arrowhead" complexes which dissociate in the presence of MgATP (Burnside, B.,
      1978, J. Cell Biol., 78:227-246). Modification of S-1 or HMM with the sulfhydryl
      reagent, NEM, produces new species, NEM-S-1 or NEM-HMM, which still bind actin
      but which fail to detach in the presence of MgATP (Meeusen, R.L., and W.Z. Cande,
      1979, J. Cell Biol., 82:57-65). We have used NEM-S-1 and NEM-HMM to test whether
      cone contraction depends on an actomyosin force- generating system. We find that
      reactivated contraction of cone models is inhibited by NEM-S-1 and NEM-HMM but
      not by the unmodified species, S-1 and HMM. Thus, reactivated cone contraction
      exhibits NEM-S-1 and NEM-HMM sensitivity as well as Ca(++)- and ATP- dependence.
      These observations are consistent with and actimyosin-mediated mechanism for
      force production during cone contraction.

PMID- 6833365
TI  - Interactions of Semliki Forest virus spike glycoprotein rosettes and vesicles
      with cultured cells.
AB  - Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-derived spike glycoprotein rosettes (soluble octameric
      complexes), virosomes (lipid vesicles with viral spike glycoproteins), and
      liposomes (protein-free lipid vesicles) have been used to investigate the
      interaction of subviral particles with BHK-21 cells. Cell surface binding,
      internalization, degradation, and low pH-dependent membrane fusion were
      quantitatively determined. Electron microscopy was used to visualize the
      interactions. Virosomes and rosettes, but not liposomes, bound to cells. Binding
      occurred preferentially to microvilli and was inhibited by added SFV; it
      increased with decreasing pH but was, in all cases, less efficient than intact
      virus. At 37 degrees C the cell surface-bound rosettes and virosomes were
      internalized via coated pits and coated vesicles. After a lag period of 45 min
      the protein components of the internalized ligands were degraded and appeared, as
      acid-soluble activity, in the medium. The uptake of rosettes and virosomes was
      found to be similar to the adsorptive endocytosis of SFV except that their
      average residence times on the cell surface were longer. The rosettes and the
      liposomes did not show low pH-induced membrane fusion activity. The virosomes,
      however, irrespective of the lipid compositions used, displayed hemolytic
      activity at mildly acidic pH and were able to fuse with the plasma membrane of
      cells with an efficiency of 0.25 that observed with intact viruses. Cell-cell
      fusion activity was not observed with any of the subviral components. The results
      indicated that subviral components possess some of the entry properties of the
      intact virus.

PMID- 6833366
TI  - Neural crest cell migration: requirements for exogenous fibronectin and high cell
      density.
AB  - Cells of the neural crest participate in a major class of cell migratory events
      during embryonic development. From indirect evidence, it has been suggested that
      fibronectin (FN) might be involved in these events. We have directly tested the
      role of FN in neural crest cell adhesion and migration using several in vitro
      model systems. Avian trunk neural crest cells adhered readily to purified plasma
      FN substrates and to extracellular matrices containing cellular FN. Their
      adhesion was inhibited by antibodies to a cell-binding fragment of FN. In
      contrast, these cells did not adhere to glass, type I collagen, or to bovine
      serum albumin in the absence of FN. Neural crest cell adhesion to laminin (LN)
      was significantly less than to FN; however, culturing of crest cells under
      conditions producing an epithelioid phenotype resulted in cells that could bind
      equally as well to LN as to FN. The migration of neural crest cells appeared to
      depend on both the substrate and the extent of cell interactions. Cells migrated
      substantially more rapidly on FN than on LN or type I collagen substrates; if
      provided a choice between stripes of FN and glass or LN, cells migrated
      preferentially on the FN. Migration was inhibited by antibodies against the cell
      binding region of FN, and the inhibition could be reversed by a subsequent
      addition of exogenous FN. However, the migration on FN was random and displayed
      little persistence of direction unless cells were at high densities that
      permitted frequent contacts. The in vitro rate of migration of cells on FN
      containing matrices was 50 microns/h, similar to their migration rates along the
      narrow regions of FN-containing extracellular matrix in migratory pathways in
      vivo. These results indicate that FN is important for neural crest cell adhesion
      and migration and that the high cell densities of neural crest cells in the
      transient, narrow migratory pathways found in the embryo are necessary for
      effective directional migration.

PMID- 6833367
TI  - Fibronectin expression during myogenesis.
AB  - The biosynthesis and localization of fibronectin during chick muscle
      differentiation are described. This study employed two monoclonal antibodies, one
      that selectively killed mononucleated cells and one specific for avian
      fibronectin. These antibodies allowed precise analyses of fibronectin expression
      in well-defined cultures of myoblasts or myotubes and avoided the complications
      of exogenous fibronectin and contamination by fibroblasts or unfused myoblasts.
      Fibronectin synthesis, as a fraction of total protein synthesis, remains constant
      at 0.3-0.4% before and after myoblast fusion, suggesting that the absolute rate
      of fibronectin synthesis may increase somewhat when myotubes synthesize and
      accumulate myofibrillar proteins. The pattern of fibronectin arrangement does
      change during myogenesis. In myotube cultures, the appearance of pulse-labeled
      fibronectin at the cell surface and its secretion into the medium begin after a 2
      3-h lag period, in contrast to the 30-min lag period observed in fibroblast
      cultures. This lag between polypeptide biosynthesis and the exteriorization of
      the new protein is thus a characteristic of each cell type rather than the
      protein. All of the major secretory proteins of myogenic cells, including
      fibronectin and collagenous components, share this 2-3-h intracellular transit
      time.

PMID- 6833370
TI  - Ultraviolet microbeam irradiations of mitotic diatoms: investigation of spindle
      elongation.
AB  - Our simple instrumentation for generating a UV-microbeam is described UV
      microbeam irradiations of the central spindle in the pennate diatom Hantzschia
      amphioxys have been examined through correlated birefringence light microscopy
      and TEM. A precise correlation between the region of reduced birefringence and
      the UV-induced lesion in the microtubules (MTs) of the central spindle is
      demonstrated. The UV beam appears to dissociate MTs, as MT fragments were rarely
      encountered. The forces associated with metaphase and anaphase spindles have been
      studied via localized UV-microbeam irradiation of the central spindle. These
      spindles were found to be subjected to compressional forces, presumably exerted
      by stretched or contracting chromosomes. Comparisons are made with the results of
      other writers. These compressional forces caused the poles of a severed anaphase
      spindle to move toward each other and the center of the cell. As these poles
      moved centrally, the larger of the two postirradiational central spindle remnants
      elongated with a concomitant decrease in the length of the overlap. Metaphase
      spindles, in contrast, did not elongate nor lose their overlap region. Our
      interpretation is that the force for anaphase spindle elongation in Hantzschia is
      generated between half-spindles in the region of MT overlap.

PMID- 6833368
TI  - Regulation of haemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. IV.
      Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and the stimulation of haemopoiesis by beta-D
      xylosides.
AB  - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are distributed in consistent and distinctive
      patterns between the cell surface and the growth medium of haemopoietically
      active long-term bone marrow cultures. Heparan sulfate is the main cell surface
      component and chondroitin sulfate is the major sulfated species in the medium.
      When the cultures are supplemented with beta-D-xylosides a significant increase
      in chondroitin sulfate synthesis is observed but no stimulation of heparan
      sulfate synthesis occurs. The chondroitin sulfate accumulates in the culture
      medium in beta-D-xyloside-treated cultures but the composition of sulfated GAGs
      in cell-surface derived material is unaffected. beta-D-xylosides also stimulate
      the production of haemopoietic cells without any apparent alteration in the
      adherent stromal cells of the marrow cultures. Equivalent increases are obtained
      in cells at all stages of development so that a fivefold increase in pluripotent
      stem cells (CFU-S) is matched by fivefold increase in the granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitors (GM-CFC) and in mature granulocytes. The stimulation persists for
      many weeks in beta-D-xyloside-treated cultures. These results indicate that the
      sulfated GAGs may play an important role in the regulation of haemopoiesis.

PMID- 6833371
TI  - Inducers of DNA synthesis: levels higher in transformed cells than in normal
      cells.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether transformed cells have
      greater DNA synthesis-inducing ability (DSIA) than normal cells when fused with
      G1 phase cells. HeLa cells synchronized in G1 phase, prelabeled with large latex
      beads, were fused separately with (a) quiescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF),
      (b) HDF partially synchronized in late G1, and random populations of (c) HeLa,
      (d) WI-38, (e) SV-40 transformed WI-38, (f) CHO, (g) chemically transformed mouse
      cells (AKR-MCA), and (h) T98G human glioblastoma cells (all prelabeled with small
      latex beads) using UV-inactivated Sendai virus. The fusion mixture was incubated
      with [3H] thymidine, sampled at regular intervals, and processed for
      radioautography. Among the heterodikaryons, the frequency of those with a labeled
      and an unlabeled nuclei (L/U) were scored as a function of time after fusion. The
      faster the induction of DNA synthesis in HeLa G1, the steeper the drop in the L/U
      class and hence the higher DSIA in the S phase cells. The DSIA, which is
      indicative of the intracellular levels of the inducers of DNA synthesis, was the
      highest in HeLa and virally transformed WI-38 cells and the lowest in normal
      human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) while those of chemically and spontaneously
      transformed cells are intermediate between these two extremes. Higher level of
      DNA synthesis inducers appears to be one of the pleotropic effects of
      transformation by DNA tumor viruses. These studies also revealed that initiation
      of DNA synthesis per se is regulated by the presence of inducers and not by
      inhibitors.

PMID- 6833369
TI  - New synthesis of a platelet-specific protein: platelet factor 4 synthesis in a
      megakaryocyte-enriched rabbit bone marrow culture system.
AB  - The site of synthesis of platelet-specific proteins remains to be established.
      With the use of short-term megakaryocyte-enriched cultures, direct evidence was
      obtained to show that megakaryocytes synthesize the platelet-specific protein,
      platelet factor 4. A megakaryocyte-enriched fraction of rabbit bone marrow for
      culture was obtained by centrifugal elutriation and cultured with [3H]leucine.
      Newly synthesized 3H-platelet factor 4 was sought by copurification with added
      carrier rabbit platelet factor 4, using heparin agarose affinity chromatography
      and immunoprecipitation with specific goat anti-rabbit platelet factor 4
      antisera. SDS PAGE of the washed immunoprecipitates demonstrated a [3H]leucine
      containing peak which migrated identically with purified homogeneous rabbit
      platelet factor 4. A second, slightly larger molecular-weight protein was
      identified in the gels also, suggesting that rabbit platelet factor 4 may be
      synthesized as a larger molecular-weight precursor in rabbit megakaryocytes.
      These results provide direct evidence that the platelet-specific protein,
      platelet factor 4, is synthesized in rabbit megakaryocytes before it is packaged
      into alpha-granules for release in circulating platelets.

PMID- 6833372
TI  - Flagellar adhesion in Chlamydomonas induces synthesis of two high molecular
      weight cell surface proteins.
AB  - Because our previous studies (Snell, W.J., and W.S. Moore, 1980, J. Cell Biol.
      84:203- 210) on the mating reaction of chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed that
      there was an adhesion-induced turnover of proteins whose synthesis is induced
      during aggregation. Analysis by SDS PAGE and autoradiography showed that proteins
      of 220,000 M(r) and 165, 000 M(r) (designated A(1) and A(2) respectively)
      consistently showed a high rate of synthesis only in flagella or flagellar
      membrane-enriched fractions prepared from aggregating gametes. Since the two
      proteins were soluble in the non-ionic detergent NP-40 and were removed from
      intact cells by a brief pronase treatment, it is likely that A(1) and A(2) are
      membrane proteins expose on the cell surface. A(1) and A(2) were each synthesized
      by gametes of both mating types (mt(-) and mt(+)) and synthesis of these two
      proteins could be detected in the normal mating reaction (wild type mt(-) and
      mt(+)), in mixtures of mt(-) and impotent mt(+) gametes (which could aggregate
      but not fuse), and in mixtures of gametes of a single mating type with isolated
      flagella of the opposite mating type. Cells aggregating in tunicamycin, an
      inhibitor of protein glycosylation, lost their adhesiveness during aggregation
      and did not synthesize the 220,000 M(r) protein but instead produced a protein
      (possibly an underglycosylated form of A(1)) of slightly lower mol wt. The
      220,000 and 165,000 M(R) proteins appeared to be flagellar proteins and not cell
      wall proteins because A(1) and A(2) did not co-migrate with previously identified
      cell wall proteins, and synthesis of the two proteins could not be detected in
      flagella-less (bald-2) mutant cells. Analysis of the adhesive activity of sucrose
      gradient fraction of detergent (octyl glucoside)-solubilized flagellar membranes
      revealed that fractions containing A(1) and A(2) did not have detectable adhesive
      activity. The possibility remains that A(1) and A(2) are adhesion molecules whose
      activity could not be measured in the assay we used. Alternatively, the 220,000
      and 165,000 M(r) proteins may be inactivated adhesion molecules or else they may
      be flagellar surface proteins involved only indirectly in the adhesion process.

PMID- 6833373
TI  - Ionic changes in the mitotic apparatus at the metaphase/anaphase transition.
AB  - We have employed a series of permeant, nontoxic, fluorescent probes to detect
      changes in ionic conditions within the mitotic apparatus of living endosperm
      cells of Haemanthus during the transition from metaphase to anaphase.
      Fluorescence emission intensity measurements from the spindle for
      chlorotetracycline (CTC) decline before the onset of anaphase, indicating a
      reduction in the amount of membrane-associated Ca2+ and suggesting an efflux of
      Ca2+ from membrane compartments into the spindle. Subsequent to the onset of
      anaphase, we observe increases in fluorescence with both 8-anilino-1-naphthalene
      sulfonate (ANS) and 3,3'-dipentyl 2,2'-dioxacarbocyanine (diO-C5(3)), sensitive
      to cationic and anionic charges at membrane surfaces, respectively. The increases
      with ANS and diO-C5(3) suggest that redistributions of ions within the spindle
      accompany anaphase motion. During the metaphase/anaphase transition, spindle
      membrane content remains constant, as evidenced by unchanging fluorescence with
      the hydrophobic probe, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN). Shifts in emission
      intensity from the nonspindle cytoplasm or from the spindle poles do not
      accompany the changes in fluorescence we observe in the spindle, suggesting that
      any ionic fluxes responsible for the changes in fluorescence are restricted to
      the spindle domain.

PMID- 6833374
TI  - In vitro synthesis and membrane insertion of bovine MP26, an integral protein
      from lens fiber plasma membrane.
AB  - Synthesis of MP26, the principal protein of lens fiber plasma membranes, was
      directed in the reticulocyte lysate system by poly A mRNA enriched from whole
      bovine lens RNA using oligo (dt)-cellulose chromatography. Synthesized MP26 was
      enriched by immune precipitation. The in vitro-synthesized MP26 had an
      electrophoretic mobility indistinguishable from that of the native molecule. MP26
      showed a cotranslational requirement for dog pancreas microsomes in order for
      membrane association to occur. Microsome-associated in vitro-synthesized MP26
      showed a sensitivity to digestion with chymotrypsin which was similar to the
      sensitivity of native MP26 in isolated lens fiber plasma membranes, indicating
      correct insertion of the MP26 into the microsome. Synthesis and membrane
      insertion of MP26 using N-formyl-[35S]methionyl tRNA as label demonstrated that
      no proteolytic processing or significant glycosylation accompanied membrane
      insertion. Chymotryptic cleavage of membrane-inserted, N-formyl-[35S]methionine
      labeled MP26 resulted in loss of label, suggesting that the N-terminal of the in
      vitro-synthesized MP26 faces the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6833376
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a large, neurite-associated glycoconjugate from
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - A high molecular weight glycoconjugate has been isolated from neurite-producing
      neuronal tumor cells in culture and has been designated as I(0) based on its
      elution characteristics in gel filtration chromatography. This molecule cannot be
      found in a variety of nonneuronal cells. I(0) is found in the substratum-attached
      material or cell fraction of neurite-producing neuroblastoma cells, depending
      upon culture conditions. It is found in the substratum-bound fraction of B104 rat
      neuroblastoma cells during serum starvation and in the EGTA-detached cell
      fraction of B104 cells grown in chemically defined N2 medium. It occurs only in
      the cell fraction of the human neuroblastoma line Platt. Examination of
      behavioral variants of the B104 rat line further strengthens the association of
      I(0) with neurite production; the constitutive neurite-producing E(R)B9 variant
      contains I(0) while the non-neurite-producing E(R)A11 variant does not. I(0) is
      large, eluting in the void volume of sepharose-CL2B columns. Radioiodination of
      intact cells with lactoperoxidase shows I(0) to be a cell surface component.
      Metabolic radiolabeling studies show that it contains a high proportion of
      polysaccharide to protein, does not contain mannose, and is unsulfated. Alkaline
      borohydride reduction release two size classes of large polysaccharide chain. The
      alkaline reduction results, along with the mannose incorporation studies, show
      the presence of O-glycosidic linkages and few, if any, N-linkages. Resistance to
      nitrous acid deamination, insensitivity to glycosaminoglycan lyases, and the
      absence of sulfation, indicate that I(0) does not contain the glycosaminoglycans
      hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-, dermatan-, or heparin- sulfates. Affinity column
      chromatography reveals high binding affinity of I(0) to polyornithine and no
      binding to gelatin (collagen) or the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronate and heparin.
      These studies describe a unique high molecular weight glycoconjugate on the
      surface of neurite-producing neuroblastoma cell lines from two species.

PMID- 6833375
TI  - Osteoblasts isolated from mouse calvaria initiate matrix mineralization in
      culture.
AB  - A method is presented for isolating osteoblasts from newborn mouse calvaria
      without the use of digestive enzymes. The procedure is based on the ability of
      osteoblasts to migrate from bone onto small glass fragments (Jones, S.J., and A.
      Boyde, 1977, Cell Tissue Res., 184:179-193). The isolated cells were cultured for
      up to 14 d in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf
      serum and 50 micrograms/ml of ascorbic acid. 7-d cultures were incubated for 24 h
      with [3H]proline. High levels of collagen synthesis relative to total protein
      were found, as measured by collagenase digestion of medium and cell layer
      proteins. Analysis of pepsin-digested proteins from the same cultures by SDS PAGE
      showed that type I collagen was predominantly produced with small amounts of type
      III and V (alpha 1 chains) collagens. Osteoblasts grown in the presence of beta
      glycerophosphate were able to initiate mineral deposition in culture. Electron
      microscopic analysis of the cultures revealed the presence of needle-shaped
      apatite-like crystals associated with collagen fibrils and vesicles in the
      extracellular space. Mouse skin fibroblasts cultured under identical conditions
      failed to initiate mineralization. Electron histochemical studies revealed the
      presence of alkaline phosphatase activity, associated with osteoblast membranes,
      matrix vesicles and on or near collagen fibrils. Thus these isolated osteoblasts
      retained in culture their unique property of initiating mineralization and
      therefore represent a model of value for studying the mineralization process in
      vitro.

PMID- 6833377
TI  - Inhibition of contraction of cultured muscle fibers results in increased turnover
      of myofibrillar proteins but not of intermediate-filament proteins.
AB  - Muscle fibers are maintained in culture in a fully contractile state and are
      relaxed by the addition of 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin (TTX). This toxin binds to
      muscle membrane Na+- channels, abolishes spontaneous contractions and causes
      failure of the fiber to accumulate myosin heavy chains. These effects are
      reversible on removal of TTX. Synthesis and accumulation kinetics have been
      obtained for myofibrillar and for cytoplasmic filament proteins in normal, active
      muscle and in TTX-relaxed muscle fibers in culture. In relaxed fibers the
      synthesis of most proteins remained normal or slightly elevated. However, the
      accumulation of all myofibrillar proteins examined was markedly inhibited in TTX
      treated cultures, whereas the accumulation of cytoplasmic filament proteins was
      normal or slightly elevated. Myofibrillar proteins examined were alpha-actin,
      troponin-C, myosin fast light chain 1, myosin fast light chain 2, alpha, beta
      tropomyosins and the phosphorylated forms of tropomyosin and fast light chain 2.
      Cytoplasmic filament proteins studied were vimentin, alpha, beta-desmin and beta,
      alpha-actin. We also examined the synthesis and accumulation of six unidentified
      muscle-specific proteins and nine unidentified nonmuscle-specific proteins. Most
      of these proteins showed a normal accumulation pattern in TTX-relaxed fibers. We
      concluded that muscle fibers made inactive by TTX display an increased
      instability of all myofibrillar proteins while cytoplasmic filament proteins and
      cytoplasmic proteins in general are relatively unaffected. We suggest that TTX
      interferes, in a manner as yet unidentified, with assembly and normal stability
      of myofibrils. Decreased assembly and/or increased instability of myofibrils
      would lead to increased rates of myofibrillar protein degradation.

PMID- 6833378
TI  - Participation of plasma membrane proteins in the formation of tight junctions by
      cultured epithelial cells.
AB  - Measurements of the transepithelial electrical resistance correlated with freeze
      fracture observations have been used to study the process of tight junction
      formation under various experimental conditions in monolayers of the canine
      kidney epithelial cell line MDCK. Cells derived from previously confluent
      cultures and plated immediately after trypsin- EDTA dissociation develop a
      resistance that reaches its maximum value of several hundred ohms-cm(2) after
      approximately 24 h and falls to a steady-state value of 80-150 ohms- cm(2) by 48
      h. The rise in resistance and the development of tight junctions can be
      completely and reversibly prevented by the addition of 10 mug/ml cycloheximide at
      the time of plating, but not when this inhibitor is added more than 10 h after
      planting. Thus tight junction formation consists of separable synthetic and
      assembly phases. These two phases can also be dissociated and the requirement for
      protein synthesis after plating eliminated if, following trypsinization, the
      cells are maintained in spinner culture for 24 h before plating. The requirement
      for protein synthesis is restored, however, if cells maintained in spinner
      culture are treated with trypsin before plating. Actinomycin D prevents
      development of resistance only in monolayers formed from cells derived from
      sparse rather than confluent cultures, but new mRNA synthesis is not required if
      cells obtained from sparse cultures are maintained for 24 h in spinner culture
      before plating. Once a steady-state resistance has been reached, its maintenance
      does not require either mRNA or protein synthesis; in fact, inhibition of protein
      synthesis causes a rise in the resistance over a 30-h period. Following
      treatments that disrupt the junctions in steady- state monolayers recovery of
      resistance also does not require protein synthesis. These observations suggest
      that proteins are involved in tight junction formation. Such proteins, which do
      not turn over rapidly under steady-state conditions, are destroyed by
      trypsinization and can be resynthesized in the absence of stable cell-cell or
      cell-substratum contact. Messenger RNA coding for proteins involved in tight
      junction formation is stable except when cells are sparsely plated, and can also
      be synthesized without intercellular contacts or cell-substratum attachment.

PMID- 6833380
TI  - Possible role for cell-surface carbohydrate-binding molecules in lymphocyte
      recirculation.
AB  - We are investigating the hypothesis that carbohydrate-binding molecules on the
      cell surface are involved in the recirculation of lymphocytes from the
      bloodstream into lymphoid organs. This phenomenon requires the specific
      attachment of circulating lymphocytes to the endothelial cells of postcapillary
      venules. Using an in vitro assay to measure the adhesive interaction between
      lymphocytes and postcapillary venules, we have found that L-fucose, D mannose,
      and the L-fucose-rich, sulfated polysaccharide fucoidin specifically inhibit this
      binding interaction. L-fucose shows stereo-selective inhibitory activity at
      concentrations greater than 18 mM while fucoidin produces 50% inhibition at
      approximately 1-5 X 10(-8) M. Fucoidin appears to interact with the lymphocyte,
      and not the postcapillary venule, to inhibit binding. These data suggest that
      cell surface carbohydrates (fucoselike) and carbohydrate-binding molecules (cell
      surface lectins) may contribute to the specific attachment of lymphocytes to
      postcapillary venules.

PMID- 6833379
TI  - The protein responsible for the repeating structure of cytoplasmic poly(A)
      ribonucleoprotein.
AB  - A 75,000-dalton protein has been purified approximately 1,000-fold from rat
      liver, based on its capacity to organize poly(A) in a 27-residue repeating
      structure. This protein may be identified with the major polypeptide component of
      cytoplasmic poly(A)-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) previously described. The poly(A)
      organizing activity of the protein is detected only in cytoplasmic fractions.
      Upon nuclease digestion of the 75,000-dalton protein-poly(A) complex, monomers,
      and higher multimers of RNP subunits can be resolved in a sucrose gradient. The
      sedimentation rate of the monomer is compatible with a composition of one 75,000
      dalton protein molecule and one 27-residue segment of poly(A).

PMID- 6833381
TI  - Control of erythrocyte shape by calmodulin.
AB  - Erythrocytes are deformable cells whose shapes can be altered by treatments with
      a variety of drugs. The forms the erythrocyte may assume vary continuously from
      the spiny "echinocytes" or crenated cells at one extreme to highly folded and
      dented "cupped" cells at the other extreme. Examination of 39 compounds for cup
      forming activity revealed a remarkable correlation between their ability to form
      cupped cells and their inhibitory activity against the calcium regulatory
      protein, calmodulin. Calmodulin is known to interact with several erythrocyte
      proteins including spectrin, spectrin kinase, and the Ca++ ATPase calcium pump of
      the membrane. These proteins regulate the form of the cytoskeleton as well as
      intracellular calcium and ATP levels. It is proposed that calmodulin is required
      to maintain normal erythrocyte morphology and that in the presence of calmodulin
      inhibitors, the cell assumes a cupped shape.

PMID- 6833383
TI  - Microtubule-organizing centers abnormal in number, structure, and nucleating
      activity in x-irradiated mammalian cells.
AB  - Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in x-irradiated cells were visualized by
      immunofluorescence using antibody against tubulin. From two to ten reassembly
      sites of microtubules appeared after microtubule depolymerization at low
      temperature in an irradiated mitotic cell, in contrast to nonirradiated mitotic
      cells, which predominantly show 2 MTOCs. A time-course examination of MTOCs in
      synchronously cultured cells revealed that the multiple MTOCs appeared not
      immediately after irradiation but at the time of mitosis. Those multiple MTOCs
      formed at mitosis were inherited by the daughter cells in the next generation.
      The structure and capacity of the centrosomes to nucleate microtubules in vitro
      were then examined by electron microscopy of whole-mount preparations as well as
      by dark-field microscopy. About 70-80% of the centrosomes derived from
      nonirradiated cells were composed of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar
      material, which initiated greater than 100 microtubules. The fraction of fully
      active complete centrosomes decreased with time of incubation after irradiation.
      These were replaced by disintegrated centrosomal components such as dissociated
      centrioles and pericentriolar cloud, a nucleating site with a single centriole,
      or only an amorphous structure of pericentriolar cloud. Assembly of less than 20
      microtubules onto the amorphous cloud without centrioles was seen in 54% of the
      initiating sites in mitotic cells 2 d after irradiation. These results suggest
      that x-irradiation causes disintegration of centrosomes at mitosis when the
      structural and functional reorganization of centrosomes is believed to occur.

PMID- 6833384
TI  - Estimation of the membrane potential of cultured macrophages from the fast
      potential transient upon microelectrode entry.
AB  - Analysis of membrane potential recordings upon microelectrode impalement of four
      types of macrophages (cell lines P388D1 and PU5-1.8, cultured mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, and cultured human monocytes) reveals that these cells have membrane
      potentials at least two times more negative than sustained potential values
      (E(s)) frequently reported. Upon microelectrode entry into the cell (P388D1), the
      recorded potential drops to a peak value (E(p)) (mean -37 mV for 50 cells, range 
      15 to -70 mV) within 2 ms, after which it decays to a depolarized potential
      (E(n)) (mean -12 mV) in about 20 ms. Thereafter, the membrane develops one or a
      series of slow hyperpolarizations before a final sustained membrane potential
      (E(s)) (mean -14 mV, range -5 to -40) is established. The mean value of the peak
      of the first hyperpolarization (E(h)) is -30 mV (range -10 to -55 mV). The
      initial fast peak transient, measured upon microelectrode entry, was first
      described and analyzed by Lassen et al. (Lassen, U.V., A.M. T. Nielson, L. Pape,
      and L. O. Simonsen, 1971, J. Membr. Biol. 6:269-288 for other change in the
      membrane potential from its real value before impalement to a sustained
      depolarized value. This was shown to be true for macrophages by two-electrode
      impalements of single cells. Values of E(p), E(n), E(h), E(s), and membrane
      resistance (R(m)) measured for the other macrophages were similar to those of
      P388D1. From these results we conclude that E(p) is a better estimate of the true
      membrane potential of macrophages than E(s), and that the slow hyperpolarizations
      upon impalement should be regarded as transient repolarizations back to the
      original membrane potentials. Thus, analysis of the initial fast impalement
      transient can be a valuable aid in the estimation of the membrane potential of
      various sorts of small isolated cells by microelectrodes.

PMID- 6833382
TI  - Structural integrity of hepatocyte tight junctions.
AB  - The significance of discontinuities frequently found in freeze-fracture replicas
      of the tight junction was evaluated using complementary replicas of hepatocyte
      junctions from control and bile duct-ligated rats. An extensive analysis of
      complementary replicas using rotary platinum shadowing indicates that
      discontinuities in the protoplasmic (P) fracture face do not represent structural
      breaks in the tight-junctional network. In no case did P-face discontinuities
      correspond with interruptions in the groove network on the complementary
      extracellular (E) face. Quantitative analysis of replicas shows that P-face
      discontinuities result in part from "transfer" of material to the complementary E
      face (approximately 7% of the junctional length). However, many P-face
      discontinuities (7-30% of the junctional length) are matched only by a groove on
      the complementary E face. This finding demonstrates that a significant amount of
      material can be lost during freeze-fracture. An analysis of junctions from bile
      duct-ligated rats, which are known to have an increased paracellular
      permeability, shows comparable transfer and loss of material. However, the number
      of junctional elements and the tight-junction network density was significantly
      reduced by bile duct ligation. These observations indicate that discontinuities
      in tight-junctional elements result during the preparation of freeze-fracture
      replicas and are not physiologically important features of the junctional
      barrier. Variation in the number of elements provides the best explanation for
      observed differences in tight-junction permeability.

PMID- 6833385
TI  - Effect of colchicine on internalization of prolactin in female rat liver: an in
      vivo radioautographic study.
AB  - Binding and internalization of 125I-ovine prolactin into hepatocytes of female
      rats was visualized by the in vivo radioautographic method (Bergeron, J. J. M.,
      G. Levine, R. Sikstrom, D. O'Shaughnessey, B. Kopriwa, N. J. Nadler, and B. I.
      Posner, 1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 745:051-5055). Receptor-mediated
      internalization of label was observed into lipoprotein-filled vesicles in the
      Golgi/bile canalicular region of the hepatocyte. Colchicine treatment had no
      effect on the internalization of label into the lipoprotein-filled vesicles.
      However, the location of the radio-labeled lipoprotein-filled vesicles was
      altered from the Golgi/bile canalicular region to subsinusoidal. Radioactive
      content of hepatocytes decreased as a function of time after injection of 125I
      prolactin; however, colchicine treatment markedly retarded this loss of label.
      Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that colchicine treatment led to
      decreased levels of 125I-prolactin accumulation in microsomes but augmented the
      accumulation of label in the L fraction. It is concluded that in normal female
      rats prolactin is internalized into lipoprotein-filled vesicles in the Golgi
      region before degradation of the hormone. Colchicine treatment accumulates
      labeled lipoprotein-containing vesicles in a subsinusoidal region and retards
      hormone catabolism. The labeled vesicles observed after colchicine treatment may
      correspond to the unique vesicles previously observed in the L fraction and found
      to be enriched in prolactin receptors (Khan, M. N., B. I. Posner, A. K. Verma, R.
      J. Khan, and J. J. M. Bergeron, 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78:4980-4981).

PMID- 6833387
TI  - Tropomyosin-like properties of clathrin light chains allow a rapid, high-yield
      purification.
AB  - The light chains (LCa and LCb) of bovine brain clathrin are resistant to heat
      denaturation by boiling, a property shared by tropomyosin (Bailey, K., 1948,
      Biochem. J., 43:271-281). Light chains were partially purified by boiling and
      centrifugation of a Tris-extract of crude membranes prepared from bovine brains
      (Keen, J. H., M. C. Willingham, and I. H. Pastan, 1979, Cell., 16:303-312).
      Contaminant polypeptides were then removed by size-exclusion high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. The purified light chains were separated from each other by using
      an immunoaffinity column prepared from a monoclonal antibody CVC.7 specific for
      LCa and not LCb.

PMID- 6833386
TI  - Internalization and degradation of macrophage Fc receptors during receptor
      mediated phagocytosis.
AB  - Macrophage receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) can mediate the
      efficient binding and phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles. After
      internalization, phagocytic vacuoles fuse with lysosomes, initiating the
      degradation of their contents. Using specific monoclonal and polyclonal
      antireceptor antibodies, we have now analyzed the internalization and fate of Fc
      receptors during the uptake of IgG-coated erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts by
      mouse peritoneal macrophages. Receptor-mediated phagocytosis led to the selective
      and largely irreversible removal of Fc receptors (greater than 50%) from the
      macrophage plasma membrane. The expression of several other plasma membrane
      proteins (including a receptor for complement), recognized by a series of
      antimacrophage monoclonal antibodies, was affected only slightly. Interiorized Fc
      receptors were rapidly and selectively degraded. This was demonstrated by a
      series of turnover studies in which Fc receptor was immunoprecipitated from
      lysates of 125I-labeled macrophages. These experiments were made possible by the
      development of a polyclonal rabbit antiserum, raised against isolated Fc
      receptor, which recognized the receptor even in the presence of bound ligand. In
      control cells, the receptor turned over with a t1/2 of approximately 10 h; after
      phagocytosis, greater than 50% of the receptors were degraded with a t1/2 of less
      than 2 h. The turnover of other unrelated plasma membrane proteins was unaffected
      (t1/2 of 18-23 h) under these conditions.

PMID- 6833388
TI  - Specific and azurophilic granules from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. I.
      Isolation and characterization of membrane and content subfractions.
AB  - The specific and azurophilic granules of rabbit polymorphonuclear heterophils
      (PMNs) have been isolated and fractionated into membrane and extractable
      subfractions. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) revealed several features of the protein composition
      of the two granules: (a) Whereas each type of granule had 40-60 proteins
      separable on one-dimensional gradient gels, few of the proteins were common to
      both granules. (b) The proteins of the extractable fractions (which comprised
      approximately 98% of the total granule protein) of each granule were distinct
      from the proteins of the membrane fractions (which comprised approximately 2% of
      the total granule protein). (c) The extractable proteins co-migrated with those
      collected from the medium of ionophore-treated, degranulating PMNs and therefore
      were defined as content proteins. These results were confirmed by radiolabeling
      studies. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact granules did not label
      the content proteins but did label proteins that co-migrated with major granule
      membrane proteins. Moreover, disruption of the granules before iodination led to
      labeling of both content and membrane proteins. We conclude that the membranes of
      specific and azurophilic granules, which arise from different faces of the Golgi
      complex, are composed of unique sets of membrane proteins some of which are
      exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the granules.

PMID- 6833389
TI  - Specific and azurophilic granules from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. II.
      Cell surface localization of granule membrane and content proteins before and
      after degranulation.
AB  - The compositional relationship between the cell surface of rabbit
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the membranes of PMN cytoplasmic granules
      has been investigated. Heterophilic PMNs obtained from peritoneal exudates
      contained 13 cell surface polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 220,000
      to 12,000 daltons as determined by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed protein iodination
      and gel electrophoresis. Of these, four polypeptides co-migrated with proteins
      identified as the major constituents of specific (SpG) and azurophilic (AzG)
      granule membranes. The most notable of these were cell surface proteins of
      145,000 and 96,000 daltons that co-migrated with proteins identified as granule
      content proteins released from PMNs during exocytosis. Extensive washing did not
      remove these proteins from the cell surface. Iodination of PMNs after the release
      of SpG and AzG contents by calcium ionophore- induced exocytosis revealed that
      there was not a dramatic quantitative change in the proteins on the cell surface.
      Instead, there were large, quantitative increases in the relative amounts of
      (125)I that were incorporated into several pre-existing cell surface proteins;
      all of these cell surface proteins co-migrated as a set with those polypeptides
      identified as either granule membrane or content proteins. Although nearly all of
      the major polypeptides of SpG and AzG had counterparts on the cell surface of
      freshly isolated peritoneal exudates PMNs, there were several polypeptides that
      were unique to the cell surface. Thus, the PMN has at least three membrane
      compartments with strikingly different protein compositions.

PMID- 6833391
TI  - Multiple forms of tubulin in Polytomella and Chlamydomonas: evidence for a
      precursor of flagellar alpha-tubulin.
AB  - The quadriflagellate alga polytomella agilis contains several alpha-tubulins with
      distinct isoelectric points (McKeithan, T.W., and J.L. Rosenbaum, 1981, J. Cell
      Biol., 91:352-360). While alpha-3 is the major component in flagella, alpha-1
      predominates in cytoskeletal microtubules. For determination of whether the
      differences in alpha- tubulins are due to distinct genes or to posttranslational
      modification of a common alpha-tubulin precursor, poly A+ RNA was isolated from
      deflagellated and control (nonregenerating) cells and translated in vitro.
      Approximately twice as much alpha-1 was synthesized using RNA from deflagellated
      as compared to control cells; however, there was no detectable synthesis in vitro
      of alpha-3 in either. These results suggest that alpha -3 tubulin is formed in
      vivo by posttranslational modification of a form co- migrating with, and possibly
      identical to, cytoskeletal alpha-tubulin. In the related alga chlamydomonas
      reinhardii deflagellation greatly stimulates synthesis of tubulin and tubulin
      mRNA. As in polytomella, the principal alpha-tubulin synthesized both in vivo and
      in vitro following deflagellation in chlamydomonas is more basic than the major
      alpha-tubulin and appears to correspond to alpha-1 tubulin in polytomella. The
      conversion of alpha-1 to alpha-3 receives additional support from in vivo
      labeling and pulse-chase experiments. In addition, in both polytomella and
      chlamydomonas some conversion of alpha-1 to alpha-3 appears to occur even when
      protein synthesis is inhibited.

PMID- 6833390
TI  - Quantitative analysis of modulations in numerical and lateral distribution of
      intramembrane particles during the cell cycle of neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Modulations in the internal structure of the plasma membrane during the cell
      cycle of mouse C1300 neuroblastoma cells (clone Neuro-2A) have been studied by
      freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Both the numerical and lateral distributions
      of the intramembrane particles (IMP) of the P face of the medium-exposed plasma
      membrane were determined as a function of the IMP diameter. The lateral IMP
      distribution was quantified by a differential density distribution analysis, that
      could distinguish between random, aggregated, and dispersed distributions of IMP
      subpopulations at various levels of spatial organization. Nonrandom lateral IMP
      distribution was considered to indicate significant directional constraints on
      the lateral mobility of the represented molecules. The analysis demonstrated that
      the density, the size distribution, and the lateral distribution of the IMP are
      modulated during the cell cycle, such that characteristic structural and dynamic
      membrane properties can be attributed to the various cell cycle phases (M, G1, S,
      and G2). The results are interpreted in terms of asynchronous assembly of
      different membrane components and dynamic reorganizations within the plasma
      membrane during the cell cycle. Furthermore, they provide a structural
      manifestation of earlier observed changes in the dynamic properties of membrane
      proteins and lipids, and functional membrane transport properties in these
      neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 6833392
TI  - Effects of changes in osmolality on the stability and function of cultured
      chromaffin cells and the possible role of osmotic forces in exocytosis.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that osmotic forces may play a role in exocytosis. To
      examine this possibility and to investigate the osmotic properties of storage
      granules within cells, we investigated the effects of changes of osmolality on
      stability and function of cultured bovine chromaffin cells. Cell volume
      measurements indicated that the cells behaved as osmometers and that the
      intracellular osmolality rapidly equilibrated with the osmolality of the
      extracellular medium. Hyperosmotic solutions strongly inhibited nicotinic agonist
      stimulated secretion but did not alter nicotinic agonist-stimulated Ca(2+)
      uptake. Hyperosmotic solutions also strongly inhibited elevated potassium-
      stimulated secretion but only weakly inhibited elevated K(+)-stimulated Ca(2+)
      uptake. Thus, hyperosmotic solutions inhibited secretion at a step after calcium
      entry. Cells exposed to 165 mOs(1) solutions did not lyse and retained their
      capacity to store and secrete catecholamine upon stimulation. Significant
      intracellular lysis of chromaffin granules occurred within cells exposed to lower
      osmolalities. In contrast, 75 percent of the catecholamine was released from
      granules from cultured cells or from fresh adrenal medulla incubated in vitro at
      210 mOs. The data provide evidence for a role for osmotic forces in exocytosis
      and suggest that if osmotic stress of the granule occurs during exocytosis, then
      water influx into chromaffin granules increases granule volume by at least 70
      percent. The results also indicate that the osmotic properties of the granules
      are altered upon homogenization and subcellular fractionation of the cells.

PMID- 6833393
TI  - Lymphocyte migration into three-dimensional collagen matrices: a quantitative
      study.
AB  - Lymphocytes have been plated onto the surface of three-dimensional gels of native
      collagen fibers, and their distribution throughout the three-dimensional collagen
      matrix has been determined in a quantitative fashion at various times thereafter.
      Information regarding the total number of applied cells may be obtained by this
      means. Lymphocyte penetration into the collagen gel does not appear to involve
      the expression of collagenolytic activity, nor does it require the presence of
      serum. Analysis of the kinetics of lymphocyte penetration into the gel matrix
      indicates that lymphocytes are migrating in a "random-walk" fashion. Our
      objective has been to establish a model system for studying the cell-matrix and
      cell-cell interactions which influence the pattern of lymphocyte recirculation in
      vivo and the results presented here are discussed in this context.

PMID- 6833394
TI  - Low angle x-ray diffraction studies of HeLa metaphase chromosomes: effects of
      histone phosphorylation and chromosome isolation procedure.
AB  - To test whether gross changes in chromatin structure occur during the cell cycle,
      we compared HeLa mitotic metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei by low angle
      x-ray diffraction. Interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes differ only in the
      30-40-nm packing reflection, but not in the higher angle part of the x-ray
      diffraction pattern. Our interpretation of these results is that the transition
      to metaphase affects only the packing of chromatin fibers and not, to the
      resolution of our method, the internal structure of nucleosomes or the pattern of
      nucleosome packing within chromatin fibers. In particular, phosphorylation of
      histones H1 and H3 at mitosis does not affect chromatin fiber structure, since
      the same x-ray results are obtained whether or not histone dephosphorylation is
      prevented by isolating metaphase chromosomes in the presence of 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoate) or low concentrations of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate
      (ClHgPhSO3). We also compared metaphase chromosomes isolated by several different
      published procedures, and found that the isolation procedure can significantly
      affect the x-ray diffraction pattern. High concentrations of ClHgPhSO3 can also
      profoundly affect the pattern.

PMID- 6833395
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies against calmodulin by in vitro immunization
      of spleen cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against the highly conserved ubiquitous calcium-binding
      protein, calmodulin (CaM), were produced by immunization of mouse primary spleen
      cell cultures. Dissociated spleen cells were cultured for 5 d in the presence of
      mixed thymocyte culture conditioned media (TCM) and purified bovine testes CaM
      (50 ng-1 mg). Following immunization, cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells
      (SP2/0, Ag 8.653) and cultured for 2-3 wk before initial screening for antibody.
      In five independent immunizations there was a range of 25-44% of the initial
      polyclonal cultures which produced antibodies reacting with purified CaM as
      determined by immunoassay. 80% of the cloned hybridoma produced IgM
      immunoglobulins while the remaining clones were IgG producers. This ratio was
      changed to 50% IgM and 50% IgG by subsequent extension of the in vitro
      immunization periods and reduced amounts of antigen and extended in vitro
      culturing. In vitro immunization introduces a new dimension to monoclonal
      antibody production where limited antigen or poorly antigenic proteins are of
      interest. The monoclonal antibodies produced in this study have enabled us to to
      selectively localize CaM in association with distinct subcellular structures,
      mitochondria, stress fibers, centrioles, and the mitotic spindle.

PMID- 6833396
TI  - Pattern and time course of rhodamine-actin incorporation in cardiac myocytes.
AB  - Microinjection of skeletal actin labeled with rhodamine into cultured cardiac
      myocytes was followed by rapid incorporation of fluorescence into myofibrils of
      the cells. Myocytes examined as shortly as 5 min postinjection displayed
      fluorescent bands corresponding to the sarcomeres. By 10 min, distinct
      alternating wide and narrow bands of fluorescence were observed. The wide bands
      appeared to correspond to the full breadth of the I-bands, whereas the narrow
      bands of fluorescence corresponded to the M-lines. This pattern of fluorescence
      remained essentially unchanged for at least 15 h postinjection. The myofibrils of
      cardiac myocytes were functional after rhodamine-actin incorporation as judged by
      their ability to contract. The results of this study suggest that cardiac
      myofibrils are morphologically stable structures which, nonetheless, exhibit
      extensive exchange of actin subunits.

PMID- 6833397
TI  - Intracellular transport and storage of secretory proteins in relation to
      cytodifferentiation in neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells.
AB  - The pancreatic acinar carcinoma established in rat by Reddy and Rao (1977,
      Science 198:78-80) demonstrates heterogeneity of cytodifferentiation ranging from
      cells containing abundant well-developed secretory granules to those with
      virtually none. We examined the synthesis intracellular transport and storage of
      secretory proteins in secretory granule-enriched (GEF) and secretory granule
      deficient (GDF) subpopulations of neoplastic acinar cells separable by Percoll
      gradient centrifugation, to determine the secretory process in cells with
      distinctly different cytodifferentiation. The cells pulse-labeled with
      [3H]leucine for 3 min and chase incubated for up to 4 h were analyzed by
      quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. In GEF neoplastic cells, the
      results of grain counts and relative grain density estimates establish that the
      label moves successively from rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) leads to the
      Golgi apparatus leads to post-Golgi vesicles (vacuoles or immature granules)
      leads to mature secretory granules, in a manner reminiscent of the secretory
      process in normal pancreatic acinar cells. The presence of approximately 40% of
      the label in association with secretory granules at 4 h postpulse indicates that
      GEF neoplastic cells retain (acquire) the essential regulatory controls of the
      secretory process. In GDF neoplastic acinar cells the drainage of label from RER
      is slower, but the peak label of approximately 20% in the Golgi apparatus is
      reached relatively rapidly (10 min postpulse). The movement of label from the
      Golgi to the post-Golgi vesicles is evident; further delineation of the secretory
      process in GDF neoplastic cells, however, was not possible due to lack of
      secretory granule differentiation. The movement of label from RER leads to the
      Golgi apparatus leads to the post-Golgi vesicles suggests that GDF neoplastic
      cells also synthesize secretory proteins, but to a lesser extent than the GEF
      cells. The reason(s) for the inability of GDF cells to concentrate and store
      exportable proteins remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 6833398
TI  - Centrioles as microtubule-organizing centers for marginal bands of molluscan
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The erythrocytes of blood clams (arcidae) are flattened, elliptical, and
      nucleated. They contain elliptical marginal bands (MBs) of microtubules, each
      physically associated with a pair of centrioles marginal bands (MBs) of
      microtubles, each physically associated with a pair of centrioles (Cohen, W., and
      I. Nemhauser, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 86:286-291). The MBs were found to be cold
      labile in living cells, disappearing within 1-2 h at 0 degrees C. After the cells
      had been rewarmed for 1-2 h, continuous MBs with associated centrioles were once
      again present. Time-course studies utilizing phase contrast, antitubulin
      immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy of cytoskeletons prepared during
      rewarming revealed structural evidence of centriole participation in MB
      reassembly. At the earliest stage of reassembly, a continuous MB was not present.
      Instead, relatively short and straight microtubules focused on a pointed
      centriolar "pole," and none were present elsewhere in the cytoskeleton. Thin
      continuous MBs then formed, still pointed in the centriolar region. Subsequently,
      the MBs regained ellipticity, with their thickness gradually increasing but not
      reaching that of controls even after several hours of rewarming. At these later
      time points, microtubules still radiated from the centrioles and joined the MBs
      some distance away. In the presence of 0.1 mM colchicines, MB reassembly was
      arrested at the pointed stage. Electron microscopic observations indicate that
      pericentriolar material is involved in microtubule nucleation in this system,
      rather than the centriolar triplets directly. The results suggest a model in
      which the centrioles and associated material nucleate assembly and growth of
      microtubules in diverging directions around the cell periphery. Microtubules of
      opposite polarity would then pass each other at the end of the cell distal to the
      centrioles, with continued elongation eventually closing the MB ellipse behind
      the centriole pair.

PMID- 6833400
TI  - The adhesive glycoprotein laminin is an agglutinin.
AB  - The glycoprotein laminin appears to function in the attachment of various
      epithelial cells to basement membranes. We examined whether its putative cell
      adhesive activity could be analyzed in a simple, one-component model system--the
      agglutination of erythrocytes. Laminin is a potent agglutinin of aldehyde-fixed
      sheep and human erythrocytes, with half-maximal agglutination at 0.8
      micrograms/ml in a standard hemagglutination assay. Inhibitors of this
      hemagglutinating activity include gangliosides and certain charged phospholipids.
      The spectrum of molecules is similar but not identical to inhibitors of the
      hemagglutinating activity of the adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin. Laminin is
      much less biologically active in three other assays for fibronectin biological
      activity involving cell spreading on tissue culture substrates, attachment of
      fibroblastic cells to type I collagen, and restoration of normal morphology to
      transformed fibroblasts. The adhesive glycoproteins laminin and fibronectin
      therefore differ markedly in biological activities in several specific adhesion
      assays; however, they resemble one another in binding to heparin, collagen, and
      cell surfaces and in their agglutinin activity.

PMID- 6833401
TI  - Transepithelial transport in cell culture: bioenergetics of Na-, D-glucose
      coupled transport.
AB  - The renal cell line LLC-PK1 cotransports Na and D-glucose from the apical to the
      basolateral side of the cell monolayer, and the short-circuit current (Isc)
      measures the net amount of Na transported. Under conditions of maximal
      cotransport, the addition of phlorizin or removal of Na reversibly decreased
      oxygen consumption by one-half. In the absence of glycolytic substrates, alpha
      methyl-D-glucoside stimulated Isc and oxygen consumption, although the Isc came
      to a steady state 50% less than when glycolytic substrates were present. The
      addition of other aerobic substrates did not increase Isc; however, when non
      cotransported glycolytic substrates were introduced the Isc returned to a maximum
      with an associated fall in oxygen consumption and increased lactate production.
      Thus, in the absence of glycolytic substrates aerobic ATP formation may be rate
      limiting for Na, D-glucose cotransport. For this epithelium glycolysis makes an
      important contribution to the provision of energy for transport. Oxygen
      consumption does not correlate well with Isc and is not a good measure of the
      energy used in transport.

PMID- 6833402
TI  - Phosphatidyl choline and the growth in serum-free medium of vascular endothelial
      and smooth muscle cells, and corneal endothelial cells.
AB  - Liposomes made by sonication of egg yolk phosphatidyl choline support the
      proliferation of low-density bovine vascular and corneal endothelial cells, and
      vascular smooth muscle cells maintained on basement laminacoated dishes and
      exposed to a defined medium supplemented with transferrin. The optimal growth
      promoting effect of phosphatidyl choline was observed at concentrations of 25
      micrograms/ml for low-density cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells, and 100
      micrograms/ml for vascular and corneal endothelial cells. The growth rate and
      final cell density of vascular endothelial cells exposed to a synthetic medium
      supplemented with transferrin and either high-density lipoproteins or
      phosphatidyl choline has been compared. Although cultures exposed to phosphatidyl
      choline reached a final cell density similar to that of cultures exposed to high
      density lipoproteins, they had a longer average doubling time (17 h vs. 12 h)
      during their logarithmic growth phase and a shorter lifespan (17 generations vs.
      30 generations). Similar observations were made in the case of vascular smooth
      muscle cells or bovine corneal endothelial cells maintained in medium
      supplemented with transferrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or epidermal growth
      factor (EGF), and insulin and exposed to either high-density lipoproteins or
      phosphatidyl choline. Since phosphatidyl choline can, for the most part, replace
      high-density lipoproteins in supporting the proliferation of various cell types,
      it is likely that the growth stimulating signal conveyed by high-density
      lipoproteins is associated with its polar lipid fraction, which is composed
      mostly of phosphatidyl cholines.

PMID- 6833403
TI  - Treatment of human tumor cells with ADP or ATP yields arrest of growth in the S
      phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 6833399
TI  - In vivo and in vitro processing of seed reserve protein in the endoplasmic
      reticulum: evidence for two glycosylation steps.
AB  - Cotyledons of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) synthesize large amounts of
      the reserve protein phaseolin. The polypeptides are synthesized on membrane-bound
      polysomes, pass through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and accumulate in protein
      bodies. For a study of the biosynthesis and processing of phaseolin, developing
      cotyledons were labeled with radioactive amino acids, glucosamine and mannose,
      and isolated fractions (polysomal RNA, polysomes, and rough ER) were used for in
      vitro protein synthesis. Newly synthesized phaseolin present in the ER of
      developing cotyledons can be fractioned into four glycopolypeptides by SDS PAGE.
      In vitro synthesis with polysomal RNA results in the formation of two
      polypeptides by polysome run-off shows that glycosylation is a co-translational
      event. The two unglycosylated polypeptides formed by polysome run-off are
      slightly smaller than the two polypeptides formed by in vitro translation of
      isolated RNA, indicating that a signal peptide may be present on these
      polypeptides. Run-off synthesis with rough ER produces a pattern of four
      polypeptides similar to the one obtained by in vivo labeling. The two abundant
      glycopolypeptides formed by polysome run-off. This result indicates the existence
      of a second glycosylation event for the abundant polypeptides. Inhibition of
      glycosylation by Triton X-100 during chain-completion with rough ER was used to
      show that these two glycosylation steps normally occur sequentially. Both
      glycosylation steps are inhibited by tunicamycin. Analysis of carhohydrate to
      protein ratios of the different polypeptides and of trypsin digests of
      polypeptides labeled with [(3)H]glucosamine confirmed the conclusion that some
      glycosylated polypeptides contain two oligosaccharide chains, while others
      contain only one. An analysis of tryptic peptide maps shows that each of the
      unglycosylated polypeptides is the precursor for one glycosylated polypeptide
      with one oligosaccharide chain and one with two oligosaccharide chains.

PMID- 6833404
TI  - Glucose uptake and ornithine decarboxylase activity in tetradecanoyl phorbol
      acetate non-proliferative variants.
AB  - The potent tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is also an
      excellant mitogen for 3T3 cells. We have previously isolated two independent
      variants, 3T3-TNR-2 and 3T3-TNR-9, that are unable to divide in response to TPA
      (Butler-Gralla and Herschman, 1981). We have now tested two components of the
      pleiotypic response, elevation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and ornithine
      decarboxylase induction, in these cells. Basal levels of 2-deoxyglucose uptake
      were nearly tenfold higher in confluent 3T3-TNR-2 and 3T3-TNR-9 cells than in 3T3
      cells. In contrast, basal ornithine decarboxylase levels were five- to tenfold
      lower in the variants. TPA stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake was as great in
      absolute terms in the variant cell lines as that of 3T3 cells but was only half
      that observed with serum. TPA was unable to induce any elevation of ornithine
      decarboxylase in 3T3-TNR-9 cells. Although an elevation of ornithine
      decarboxylase levels occurred in 3T3-TNR-2 cells treated with TPA, the maximal
      specific activity in the variant was less than the unstimulated value for 3T3
      cells.

PMID- 6833405
TI  - Bovine endothelial cells transformed in vitro by benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - A cloned strain of bovine vascular endothelial cells with a finite in vitro
      lifespan was treated with benzo(a)pyrene (BP) after approximately 75% of its
      lifespan was completed. Untreated cultures of this strain senesced upon serial
      subcultivation and contained large, nondividing cells. In three out of seven
      trials, BP treatment produced transformed lines with altered phenotypic
      characteristics. The transformed cells appeared in the cultures concomitant with
      the senescence of the parent cells. All transformed cell lines examined exhibited
      indefinite lifespans and altered karyotypes. Two of the lines retained most of
      the characteristics of normal endothelial cells, except that one became aneuploid
      and the other polyploid. Neither of these lines formed tumors when inoculated
      into nude mice. The remaining two lines retained mostly diploid karyotypes, but a
      high percentage of cells contained Robertsonian translocations. In one line cell
      volume was markedly reduced. In addition, these lines grew in multilayers, were
      anchorage independent, and proliferated in medium containing 0.5% serum. When
      10(7) cells of these lines were injected into nude mice, tumors appeared within 1
      week and were identified as malignant hemangioendotheliomas of bovine origin.

PMID- 6833406
TI  - Clonal growth of lymphoid cells in serum-free media requires elimination of H2O2
      toxicity.
AB  - We have recently described the development of a serum-free medium that contains
      casein, insulin, testosterone, transferrin, and linoleic acid and that supports
      the long-term growth of a wide variety of lymphoid cells. A problem of culturing
      cells in this medium is the difficulty of cloning cells or growing cells at low
      density. We now describe the formulation of a chemically defined medium that
      supports the clonal growth of the murine S49 T lymphoma cell line. This medium
      contains catalase, insulin, transferrin, testosterone, Na2SeO3, and dilinoleoyl
      phosphatidylcholine and contains less than 50 micrograms/ml total protein. The
      two novel additions in this medium are catalase, which replaces casein and
      dilinoleoyl phosphatidylcholine, which substitutes for linoleic acid in this
      defined medium. In addition to S49 cells, the medium described above supports the
      long-term growth of other lymphoid cells, including human and murine hybridomas.
      We propose that catalase functions to degrade H2O2 that is present in the
      cultures and that casein, bovine serum albumin, and other proteins commonly
      included in media for cultured cells may also scavenge H2O2. Na2SeO3 also
      partially protects against the death of cells at clonal density and this
      protection may, like catalase, be due to removal of H2O2. Our results suggest
      that H2O2 is an important cytotoxic agent that prevents growth of lymphoid cells
      during culture in serum-free media and perhaps in serum-containing media as well.

PMID- 6833407
TI  - Segregation of mouse hemopoietic progenitor cells using the monoclonal antibody,
      YBM/42.

PMID- 6833408
TI  - Differential calcium dependence of contractile responses and 86Rb efflux from the
      rabbit aorta induced by vasoactive stimuli.
AB  - 86Rb was used to monitor potassium movements in strips of rabbit aorta
      simultaneously with measurements of tension. Histamine, noradrenaline, the
      prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U46619, angiotensin II, and 144 mM K+ each
      induced an increase in 86Rb efflux concomitantly with contraction. For the first
      four agonists there was a rank-order correlation between the contractile response
      and 86Rb efflux, but 144 mM K+ induced a massive increase in 86Rb efflux although
      it was the weakest contractile stimulus. Contraction and increase in 86Rb efflux
      induced K+ were both reduced by verapamil, which blocks voltage-sensitive calcium
      channels, implying that both effects of K+ were mediated mainly by a
      depolarisation-induced influx of calcium. Noradrenaline increased both tension
      and 86Rb efflux through an action on alpha-adrenoceptors, but its effect on
      efflux, unlike its effect on tension, was apparently totally dependent on the
      presence of extracellular calcium. Experiments performed in the presence of
      lanthanum, which blocks calcium influx, showed that the intracellular store of
      calcium released by noradrenaline apparently played no role in inducing 86Rb
      efflux, although it could trigger contraction. Lanthanum also blocked contraction
      induced by K+ but had less effect on the increase in 86Rb efflux induced by K+.
      Thus, agonist-induced vascular contraction and 86Rb efflux can be dissociated,
      but under normal conditions all the contractile stimuli tested induced 86Rb
      efflux.

PMID- 6833409
TI  - Spontaneous and agonist-induced 86Rb efflux from rabbit aortic smooth muscle
      cells in culture: a comparison with fresh tissue.
AB  - Potassium efflux was measured in rabbit aortic strips and smooth muscle cells
      cultured from them by monitoring the release of isotope from preparations
      preloaded with 86Rb. The basal rate of 86Rb efflux from rabbit subcultured aortic
      smooth muscle cells was eightfold higher than from freshly isolated strips, but
      calculations of reuptake of isotope in the tissue indicated that the measured
      rate constant for efflux from aortic strips underestimated the true rate by about
      fourfold. The rate constant for efflux from freshly dispersed cells was less than
      half that of subcultured cells and remained unchanged for 5 days in culture. It
      then rose and by around day 10 had reached the value for subcultured cells. The
      increase in efflux coincided with the onset of cell division. The increased rate
      of efflux was accompanied by an increased rate of uptake so that the internal
      potassium content of the cells remained constant. Heparin decreased the efflux of
      86Rb from subcultured cells to that of freshly isolated cells concomitant with a
      reduction in the rate of proliferation. The onset of cell division and increased
      basal efflux of potassium was associated with a loss of responsiveness to
      noradrenaline and histamine as assessed by monitoring 86Rb efflux, although
      depolarising solutions of potassium chloride were still able to elicit a
      response. Responsiveness to noradrenaline and histamine could be restored by the
      addition of heparin. These results suggest that the lack of responsiveness of
      subcultured cells is not due to irreversible dedifferentiation but to a
      reversible loss in proliferating cells of receptors for vasoactive agents or of a
      coupling mechanism between receptor occupation and ion gating.

PMID- 6833411
TI  - Glucocorticoid hormone renders rat glioma cells dependent on high concentrations
      of external Ca2+ for growth.
AB  - C6 rat glioma cells, like other tumor cells, grow optimally in Ca2+-or Mg2+
      depleted 5% serum medium. However, the glucocorticoid hormone hydrocortisone
      renders these cells dependent on high concentrations of external Ca2+ for growth.
      Upon Ca2+ deprivation (30-80 microM Ca2+ medium) hydrocortisone-treated C6 cells
      undergo reversible cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. This effect is specific for
      glucocorticoid hormones and occurs at physiological concentrations. Growth
      restimulation of Ca2+-deprived, hydrocortisone-treated C6 cells by bovine
      pituitary growth factors or serum growth factors only takes place if the external
      Ca2+ concentration is increased. On the other hand, C6 cell growth requirement
      for external Mg2+ was not increased by the glucocorticoid hormone treatment. A
      minimum of 80 microM of external Mg2+ is required to keep cells adhered and
      spread in Ca2+-depleted (30 microM) 5% serum medium; in high Ca2+ concentration
      (1.8 mM), Mg2+ is not required for adhesion or spreading. Thus, the hormone
      hydrocortisone renders the cell cycle of C6 glioma cells controllable by the
      levels of external Ca2+, a minimal external Mg2+ being necessary to warrant
      normal adhesion.

PMID- 6833410
TI  - Hyperthermia-induced increase in potassium transport in Chinese hamster cells.

PMID- 6833412
TI  - Amperometric detection of amino acids in high-performance liquid chromatography
      with a copper electrode.
AB  - A copper electrode has been used as an amperometric detector for amino acids in
      high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino acids are separated in a
      reversed-phase system, using silica-based and polymer-type column materials.
      Neutral or alkaline buffer solutions of phosphate and carbonate can be used as
      mobile phases. Borate buffers are less suitable. The detection method is
      characterized by a high linear dynamic range, good reproducibility, the absence
      of electrode poisoning and a sensitivity comparable to that of UV absorption
      methods after derivatization of the amino acids. Detection limits with
      conventional-scale columns are in the range 10-100 pmoles. A reduction in the
      flow-rate in the flow-through cell improves the sensitivity for amino acids that
      give relatively low signals, such as proline. Therefore, the use of microbore
      columns is especially advantageous for these compounds. The absolute detection
      limits decrease by about one order of magnitude on changing to a miniaturized
      system.

PMID- 6833413
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of pesticides. VII.
      Analysis of Vinclozolin, Iprodione, Procymidone, Dichlozolinate and their
      degradation product 3,5-dichloroaniline on white must and wine extracts.

PMID- 6833414
TI  - Isolation of trans-hexadecenoic and trans-octadecenoic fatty acid methyl esters
      from lipid extracts by means of argentation and reversed-phase thin-layer
      chromatography.

PMID- 6833415
TI  - Physico-chemical factors governing partition behaviour of solutes and particles
      in aqueous polymeric biphasic systems. III. Features of solutes and biological
      particles detected by the partition technique.
AB  - The partition behaviour of human serum albumin and oxyhaemoglobin and several
      amino acids and small peptides was studied in the aqueous Ficoll-dextran biphasic
      system as a function of the ionic composition and pH. The partition coefficients
      of the solutes were expressed in terms of the equivalent number of CH2 groups,
      nCH2, and the equivalent number of carboxyl groups, m. The physical meaning of
      these two parameters and of the relationships found between them and pH for the
      proteins examined are discussed. A correlation was established between the
      difference in the relative hydrophobicities of the individual phases of various
      water-organic solvent systems and the interfacial tension, gamma 12, of the
      systems. It is argued that a relation of a similar type exists for the aqueous
      polymeric biphasic systems. The possibility of estimating the relative intensity
      of Van der Waals and hydration interactions of a solute and particle surface by
      examination of their partitioning in a biphasic system calibrated for the
      hydrophobic and hydration properties of the phases is discussed.

PMID- 6833417
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of N(O,S)-trifluoroacetyl n-propyl
      esters of protein and non-protein amino acids.
AB  - Chromatographic conditions for the determination of protein and non-protein amino
      acids as their N(O,S)-trifluoroacetyl n-propyl esters are given which allow the
      separation of about 30 amino acids within 19 min using nitrogen or within 17 min
      using helium as the carrier gas. Retention times and responses are given for 42
      amino acids or related compounds. Only few of them elute together when using a 2
      m x 2 mm I.D. glass column filled with 0.65% ethylene glycol adipate on
      Chromosorb W AW (80-100 mesh). The acylation of the n-propyl esters was
      investigated with respect to optimal reaction conditions and was found to be best
      performed at 150 degrees C for 5 min.

PMID- 6833416
TI  - Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to study the caeruloplasmin
      catalysed oxidation of biogenic amines. I. Single substrate systems.
AB  - Reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography was used to monitor the oxidation of four
      biogenic amines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) by
      the copper-containing protein, caeruloplasmin. The methods are reproducible and
      sufficiently rapid to permit the handling of plasma sample batches. Kinetic
      parameters obtained using the method are in good agreement with those obtained by
      more traditional means of enzyme assay. Finally, the results support the view
      that more than one site on the enzyme, whether binding or oxidative, may be
      involved in the oxidation of biogenic amines, and the possible implications of
      this are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6833418
TI  - Determination of mono-, di- and polyamines in foods using a single-column amino
      acid auto-analyzer.
AB  - A fully automated, rapid and sensitive method was developed to analyze fourteen
      different biogenic amines in food. Using a Technicon C4 ion-exchange resin column
      (20 m X 0.5 cm), adapted to an automatic Technicon TSM amino acid analyzer, the
      following amines were separated and quantified: adrenaline, noradrenaline, 1,3
      diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine, dopamine,
      spermine, agmatine, tyramine, serotonin, phenethylamine and tryptamine. Five
      buffers were required to elute the amines using a gradient of pH from 5.6 to
      12.7; the column temperature was maintained at 65 degrees C. The method was also
      assayed on ground beef, cheese and wine samples. Amines from cheese and ground
      beef samples were extracted with 0.6 M perchloric acid. No extraction of wine
      samples was necessary.

PMID- 6833419
TI  - Continuous-flow analysis of proteoglycans during gel filtration using guanidine
      hydrochloride as an eluent.

PMID- 6833420
TI  - Simultaneous analysis of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in fruit and
      vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6833421
TI  - Ischemic change of organic acids in kidney.
AB  - Organic acids in rabbit renal tissue biopsy were analyzed by capillary column gas
      chromatography--mas s spectrometry. The change of these organic acids under
      ischemic conditions was determined over 60 min after clamping the renal artery
      and vein. The results showed that lactic acid, glycolic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric
      acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-glyceric acid, glyceric acid and malic
      acid increased at 4 and 6 min after clamping, but then decreased at 15 min.
      Glycerol increased 2 min after clamping and then decreased. However, 3
      deoxyaldonic acids of 3-deoxytetronic acid, 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyltetronic
      acid and 3-deoxypentonic acid decreased in the renal tissue biopsy from 2 min
      after clamping.

PMID- 6833422
TI  - Determination of 20 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta,10 alpha-pregna-4,6-dien-3-one in plasma
      by selected ion monitoring.
AB  - A selected ion monitoring (SIM) method has been devised for the determination of
      metabolites of dydrogesterone, 20 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta,10 alpha-pregna-4,6-dien-3
      one (DHD) and DHD glucuronide, in plasma. Using testosterone as an internal
      standard (IS), DHD and IS were extracted with n-hexane and were purified by means
      of magnesium oxide column chromatography. The purified DHD and IS were converted
      to their diheptafluorobutyryl derivatives (DHD diHFB and testosterone diHFB) with
      heptafluorobutyric anhydride in acetone for analysis by SIM. SIM was carried out
      with a 2% OV-17 column (1 m) at 230 degrees C by monitoring the molecular ions of
      the derivatives (m/z 706 for DHD diHFB, m/z 680 for testosterone diHFB). DHD was
      determined from a calibration curve using a peak area method. The determination
      limit of the devised method was about 5 ng DHD per ml of plasma and the
      reproducibility was within +/- 6% of the coefficient of variation for 30 ng of
      DHD per ml of plasma or above.

PMID- 6833423
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of free fatty acids with 1
      naphthylamine.
AB  - A 1% benzene solution of oxalyl chloride was added to saturated and unsaturated
      fatty acids and the mixture was allowed to react at 70 degrees C for 30 min; by
      this procedure, each fatty acid was converted into its acid chloride in a
      considerably quantitative manner. By reacting this acid chloride with 1
      naphthylamine at 30 degrees C for 15 min, naphtylamine derivatives were produced,
      which showed strong ultraviolet absorption around 280-290 nm. Experiments were
      made on the recovery of the fatty acids added to 0.5 ml of human serum, and the
      recovery was found to fall in the range of 94-106% (coefficient of variation =
      0.5-4.1%) when the following amounts of six fatty acids were added: C14:0, 2
      micrograms; C16:0, 20 micrograms; C16:1, 5 micrograms; C18:0, 4 micrograms;
      C18:1, 20 micrograms; C18:2, 10 micrograms.

PMID- 6833424
TI  - Separation and estimation of retinyl fatty acyl esters in tissues of normal rat
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system for the complete
      separation of naturally occurring retinyl fatty acyl esters (RFAE) is described.
      The sensitivity of the method allows the detection of as little as 40 pmol of the
      various RFAE. The procedure was applied to the separation and estimation of
      endogenous RFAE present in tissues of normal rats; in addition, the incorporation
      of [3H]retinyl acetate into RFAE was also investigated. Retinyl palmitate is the
      major fatty acyl ester (79%) present endogenously in various tissues. However,
      eight other RFAE were also present in some tissues. At 24 hours after the
      injection of the label, radioactivity present in retinol and its metabolites was
      recovered mainly in liver tissue followed by kidneys, adrenals, lungs, intestine,
      trachea, testis, blood, heart and spleen. However, it was found that, in liver
      tissue, the specific radioactivity (dpm/nmol) of several RFAE was greater than
      that of retinyl palmitate (retinyl laurate 66-fold, retinyl pentadecanoate 5
      fold, retinyl palmitoleate 4-fold).

PMID- 6833425
TI  - Determination of polyamines in hydrolysates of uremic plasma by high-performance
      cation-exchange column chromatography.
AB  - The levels of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine in uremic plasma
      were determined with an automatic polyamine analyzer with a 7.5 X 0.2 cm I.D.
      cation-exchange column using a stepwise sodium chloride gradient. All four
      polyamines were higher in ten patients with chronic renal failure than in eight
      normal subjects. The total polyamine content was also measured in the patients'
      plasma before and after maintenance dialysis; putrescine and spermidine levels
      were significantly lowered by the procedure.

PMID- 6833426
TI  - [Determination of free and conjugated cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol in plasma
      and urine].
AB  - A gas chromatographic procedure was developed to determine free and conjugated
      cis-3,3,5-trimethylcylcohexanol in plasma and urine. The sample is extracted with
      dichloromethane when free cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol is determined, or with
      hexane after enzymatic hydrolysis, when conjugated cis-3,3,5
      trimethylcyclohexanol is determined. An aliquot of the organic extract is
      injected into a stainless-steel column (packed with Carbowax 20M, 15% on
      Chromosorb W AW 100-120 mesh) and detected with a flame ionization detector.
      Extraction recovery from plasma and urine was almost 100% and the limit of
      quantification was fixed at 100 ng/ml plasma or urine. The procedure was
      evaluated in a pharmacokinetic study of cyclandelate and its metabolite cis-3,3,5
      trimethylcyclohexanol.

PMID- 6833427
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of chloroquine after a unique reaction with
      chloroformates.
AB  - A specific method for the gas chromatographic determination of chloroquine (CQ)
      after derivatization with chloroformates, using 9-bromophenanthrene as the
      internal standard and a column filled with 3% OV-17 on 80-100 mesh Supelcoport is
      described. Derivatization with chloroformates produced a pyrrolidine derivative,
      4-(2-methyl-1-pyrrolidyl)-7-chloroquinoline with CQ, and a carbamate with
      desethylchloroquine. The chloroformate reaction for CQ is thus selective in the
      presence of CQ metabolites. The method based on flame ionization detection is
      highly suitable for quantitation of CQ in urine.

PMID- 6833428
TI  - Determination of the calcium antagonist flunarizine in biological fluids by gas
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitation of flunarizine in biological fluids
      including plasma, urine, milk, fecal and tissue homogenates using the analogue
      cinnarizine as the internal standard. As little as 1.5 ng of flunarizine per ml
      of plasma can be accurately quantitated, this being achieved by the combination
      of a selective extraction procedure and a nitrogen detector. The method has been
      used to determine the concentration of flunarizine in biological fluids in
      support of human and animal pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 6833429
TI  - Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and metabolites in biological fluids by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid,
      salicylic acid, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in plasma, urine and tissue
      homogenates by simple extraction with ethyl acetate, evaporation and
      redissolution and measuring by high-performance liquid chromatography. Linearity,
      reproducibility and recovery were determined. Experiments were carried out to
      investigate the decomposition of acetylsalicylic acid in plasma with fluoride at
      different temperatures. The method has been used for pharmacokinetic experiments
      and an example is given.

PMID- 6833430
TI  - Quantitative determination of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides in serum by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A procedure for the quantitative determination of O-hydroxyethylated rutosides by
      high-performance liquid chromatography is described, which can be used for the
      detection of these modified flavonoids in human serum. Serum samples are
      processed by the addition of acetone, which removes most of the proteins. After
      passing the supernatant through a microcolumn of Amberlite XAD-2 and washing with
      water, the hydroxyethylated rutosides are eluted with methanol. The eluate is
      concentrated in vacuo. The methanolic solution of the residue is chromatographed
      on RP-8 columns using UV and fluorescence detectors. The mono- to
      tetrahydroxyethylated constituents and their corresponding aglycones could be
      separated with a step gradient, starting with a solvent system of water-methanol
      acetic acid (70:30:6) followed by a mixture of water-ethanol-acetic acid
      (70:30:6). Alternatively, the rutosides can be separated by a linear gradient of
      water-acetonitrile. An almost linear calibration curve and about 80% recovery are
      obtained. A detection limit of 1 mg/l is achieved. Pharmacokinetic studies in
      human volunteers are described.

PMID- 6833431
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of
      flecainide, a new antiarrhythmic, in human plasma and urine.
AB  - A simple, selective, sensitive, and accurate high-performance liquid
      chromatographic method for the quantitation of flecainide in human plasma and
      urine is described. The method is based on initially washing the sample with
      hexane followed by a single extraction with hexane. The extracted drug and
      internal standard are chromatographed on a Zorbax TMS column with a mobile phase
      consisting of acetonitrile-1% acetic acid in 0.01 M pentanesulfonate (45:55,
      v/v). The eluent is monitored at 308 nm. This method can routinely quantitate
      plasma or urine flecainide concentrations as low as 22 ng/ml with a 1-ml sample
      and 11 ng/ml with a 2-ml sample with no interference from endogenous substances
      and many drugs and their metabolites. The standard curve is linear over a
      concentration range of 22-1746 ng/ml. The precision and accuracy of the described
      method are suitable for monitoring flecainide levels in therapeutic, tolerance,
      and pharmacokinetic studies in humans.

PMID- 6833433
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for separation of
      collagen tryptic peptides.

PMID- 6833432
TI  - Determination of tamoxifen and metabolites in human serum by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with post-column fluorescence activation.
AB  - Sensitive and reproducible analyses were developed for assaying tamoxifen,
      monohydroxytamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, metabolite E [trans-1(4
      hydroxyphenyl)1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene] and a new metabolite, metabolite Y [trans
      1(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene] in human serum using high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three different systems were developed
      for specific purposes. All chromatography was performed using serum extracts made
      with hexane-butanol. Detection was by fluorimetry of phenanthrene derivatives
      formed by on-stream UV irradiation with a newly described device for post-column
      irradiation of the HPLC stream. This device may be of use in other HPLC systems
      requiring post-column photochemical reactions.

PMID- 6833434
TI  - Simple and sensitive method for the determination of propylthiouracil in blood by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 6833435
TI  - Determination of trimethadione and its metabolite by gas chromatography with
      flame-thermionic detection and its application to pharmacokinetic studies of the
      drug in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.

PMID- 6833436
TI  - [Determination of plasma diltiazem by gas chromatography].

PMID- 6833437
TI  - Detection of picogram concentrations of fentanyl in plasma by gas--liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6833438
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ethyl biscoumacetate in
      human plasma.

PMID- 6833439
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay with fluorometric detection of
      ketanserin, a new antihypertensive agent and serotonin S2 antagonist in human
      plasma, blood and urine.

PMID- 6833440
TI  - Determination of ketanserin in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 6833441
TI  - Analysis of adriamycin and adriamycinol in micro volumes of rat plasma.

PMID- 6833443
TI  - Normal-phase HPLC analysis of microbial carotenoids and neutral lipids.
AB  - A facile, reproducible HPLC procedure for the analysis of algal and bacterial
      carotenoids has been developed. By selection of appropriate detection
      wavelengths, it is possible to determine wavelength ratios that typify selected
      carotenoids and permit rapid distinction between coeluting pigments with
      different numbers of conjugated double bonds. The concurrent isolation of
      individual neutral lipid classes with the carotenoid analysis is also
      demonstrated.

PMID- 6833442
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of
      propafenone in serum and tissues.

PMID- 6833444
TI  - Determination of chlorthalidone and clonidine hydrochloride in tablets by HPLC.
AB  - A rapid, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is
      described for the determination of chlorthalidone and clonidine hydrochloride
      combinations in tablets. Individual tablets or composite samples were sonicated
      in water, diluted with methanol, and filtered prior to chromatographing.
      Chlorthalidone, formulated at 15 mg/tablet, was chromatographed on octadecylsilyl
      bonded, 5 to 6-micrometers, spherical silica with 50% methanol in water mobile
      phase. Clonidine hydrochloride, formulated at 0.1 or 0.2 mg/tablet, was
      chromatographed on trimethylsilyl-bonded, 5 to 6-micrometers, spherical silica
      with 65% methanol in pH 7.9 phosphate buffer mobile phase. Both were determined
      with a spectrophotometric detector at 254 nm. Mean recoveries of the drugs from
      six synthetic tablet samples were 100.3% for chlorthalidone and 99.7% for
      clonidine hydrochloride (at 0.1 mg/tablet level) with coefficients of variation
      of 0.79 and 1.55%, respectively.

PMID- 6833445
TI  - Two methods for determining erucic acid in edible fats and oils: results from a
      collaborative study on a rapid, open-tubular (capillary) GLC method and
      comparison with an isolation TLC procedure.
AB  - The results of an international collaborative study for the determination of 5%
      erucic acid in four samples of edible fats and oils with differing levels of 22:1
      isomers other than erucic acid, based on the use of wall-coated (SILAR-5CP) open
      tubular gas-liquid chromatography, are examined. The same samples had been
      analyzed in a separate collaborative study by an alternative and more complex
      method based on argentation thin-layer chromatography. Both methods rejected
      about the same proportion of participating laboratories and a few individual
      results from otherwise acceptable laboratories. The means and repeatabilities of
      the two methods were similar, but the gas-liquid chromatographic method showed
      better reproducibility.

PMID- 6833446
TI  - A simple procedure for the extraction of double-stranded RNA from virus-infected
      plants.
AB  - A simple procedure for the isolation of double-stranded (ds) RNA from virus
      infected plants is described. The method is based on grinding plant tissue in 4%
      p-aminosalicylic acid and recovery of ds RNA by phenol extraction and
      precipitation with 30% ethanol. The presence of both negative and positive virus
      RNA strands in RNA fractionated in agarose gels was verified by Northern blot
      hybridization with polynucleotide kinase labelled genomic RNA or complementary
      DNA (cDNA) probes. The procedure enabled detection of three major ds RNA species
      (MWs 4.2, 1.05 and 0.48 X 10(6)) and at least 4 minor bands with estimated MWs of
      3.5, 2.5, 2.2 and 2.0 X 10(6) in Nicotiana tabacum plants systemically infected
      with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected
      Pachystachys coccinea plants contained 2 minor bands of MWs 0.49 and 0.35 X 10(6)
      in addition to the previously described 4 major ds RNAs and ds CARNA 5 (MW 0.22 X
      10(6)). The patterns of ds RNA are useful for diagnosing natural infections of
      CMV and TMV in N. glauca plants and of citrus tristeza virus in Citrus spp.

PMID- 6833447
TI  - Hospital or population controls? An unanswered question.

PMID- 6833448
TI  - The identification of confounders in case-control studies.

PMID- 6833449
TI  - On choosing the control group in case-control studies.

PMID- 6833450
TI  - Hospital or population controls: a discussion.

PMID- 6833452
TI  - Maternal psychological determinants of infant obesity. Development and testing of
      two new instruments.
AB  - We have developed and tested two instruments to measure psychological factors
      that may affect infant feeding and thus "confound" the relationship between
      feeding and subsequent obesity. The Maternal Preconceptions of Ideal Infant Body
      Habitus (IBH) consists of 4 drawings of 9-month-olds exhibiting a range of body
      habiti from quite lean to very chubby; new mothers are asked to rank the 4 in
      order of preference for their new baby. The Maternal Feeding Attitudes (MFA) ia a
      10-item questionnaire addressing the new mother's food "pushiness". Both the IBH
      and the MFA produced high test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (RI's):
      0.92 and 0.95, respectively. Significant inverse correlations were found between
      the IBH and both maternal age (r = -0.38; p = 0.004) and the Green SES index (r =
      -0.28; p = 0.025), indicating that older, higher-SES mothers prefer leaner
      infants. Breast-feeding mothers had significantly lower mean IBH scores than did
      formula-feeding mothers (p = 0.029). The MFA, by contrast, was not associated
      with any of these variables. We conclude that maternal adiposity preference and
      feeding attitudes can be reliably measured. Owing to their possible associations
      with infant obesity and its determinants, we suggest that these factors be
      included in future studies in this domain.

PMID- 6833451
TI  - Heredity, stress and blood pressure, a family set approach: the Detroit Project
      revisited.
AB  - Earlier conclusions from the Detroit Project utilizing an innovative "family
      sets" approach indicated that unspecified environmental factors, rather than
      genes, are the main determinants of blood pressure variation in blacks and
      whites. We report new estimates of the fraction of variation in blood pressure
      associated with genetic differences among individuals obtained under two
      methodologies: the method originally proposed for family sets and a maximum
      likelihood method. The family sets estimates of heritability were significant for
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both blacks and whites. Estimates for
      both the likelihood analysis and family sets method are within the range of
      estimates reported in other studies. In the present study all sets collected were
      included, the sets were stratified only by race and a different estimate of
      variance for the family sets estimate of heritability was used. The discrepancies
      between results presented here and the original study are attributed to these
      three factors.

PMID- 6833453
TI  - Parental perspectives on chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - Parents of chronic schizophrenics are an understudied population. Few researchers
      have asked them about their wants, needs, and difficulties. The little work that
      has been done indicates that their suffering is great, their coping skills better
      than had been previously assumed, and the stresses they are experiencing almost
      unendurable. This paper looks at what parents are coping with: a child with a
      terribly debilitating disease about which little is known, a culture which heaps
      stigma and shame upon them, very difficult and often unworkable mental health and
      legal systems, and to top it all off, a large number of clinical (non
      researchers) professionals who are ignorant about schizophrenia and often
      unsympathetic towards the parents. This paper then looks at what little data we
      have from parents about their needs, and offers suggestions about how parents and
      professionals might best work together, towards the benefit of all concerned.

PMID- 6833454
TI  - Medical statistics--suggestions for the evaluation of introductory textbooks.

PMID- 6833455
TI  - The future of epidemiology.

PMID- 6833456
TI  - Survival from spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6833457
TI  - Physiological concentrations of prolactin can promote the growth of human breast
      tumor cells in culture.
AB  - There is only indirect evidence at present to suggest a role for PRL in either
      the genesis or progression of human breast cancer. Here, we report the results of
      experiments in primary cultures of breast tumor cells from a hyperprolactinemic
      breast cancer patient who had an elevated mean 24-h PRL concentration but a
      normal diurnal variation of PRL release. The effects of PRL and GH on the growth
      of the dispersed cells from the breast tumor was evaluated in monolayer culture
      using a recently developed microculture technique. Pharmacological quantities of
      GH produced significant increases in the number of population doublings of the
      breast tumor cells. Also, PRL concentrations present in the patient's circulation
      were demonstrated to significantly increase the number of population doublings of
      the breast tumor cells obtained in primary cultures. Thus, physiological
      concentrations of PRL stimulated the growth of breast tumor cells from this
      premenopausal patient.

PMID- 6833458
TI  - Prolactin response to dopamine synthesis inhibition using monoiodotyrosine in
      subjects on oral contraceptives and patients with pathological
      hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 6833459
TI  - Prednisolone disposition and protein binding in oral contraceptive users.
AB  - Combined estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (OC) have been shown to alter
      the metabolism of certain drugs, including corticosteroids, as well as affect
      circulating protein concentrations. To assess these effects with regard to
      prednisolone, the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of this steroid were
      evaluated in eight female OC users and compared with results from eight male and
      five female non-OC users. All volunteers received 40 mg prednisolone, iv, and
      steroid concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography.
      Plasma clearance of total prednisolone in females on OC was 96 +/- 9 (SD) ml/min
      X 1.73 m2, significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than those in both male and
      female controls (205 +/- 46 and 187 +/- 22 ml/min X 1.73 m2). The prednisolone
      half-life and mean residence time were longer, while the steady state volume of
      distribution was smaller for OC users. Unbound prednisolone was measured by
      equilibrium dialysis, and pharmacokinetic and protein binding parameters were
      calculated from free prednisolone concentrations. A significantly higher (2-fold)
      concentration of transcortin was found in OC users. Evaluation of free
      prednisolone parameters showed a significantly lower clearance and decreased
      volume of distribution, without alteration of the mean residence time for the OC
      users. Dual OC effects on binding and elimination of prednisolone occur with the
      net result of a 2-fold increase in the area under the free concentration-time
      curve, indicative of a marked reduction in the biotransformation rate of the
      steroid.

PMID- 6833460
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin and testicular function: stimulation of
      testosterone, testosterone precursors, and sperm production despite high
      estradiol levels.

PMID- 6833461
TI  - Hypergastrinemia in obese noninsulin-dependent diabetes: a possible reflection of
      high prevalence of vagal dysfunction.
AB  - To elucidate the relation of noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus to
      plasma levels of gastrin, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen II, gastric acid
      secretion, and gastric emptying, we studied diabetic and nondiabetic obese Pima
      Indian subjects. Fasting and postprandial plasma gastrin concentrations were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects,
      but gastric acid outputs basally, after an acaloric liquid meal, and in response
      to betazole were similar in the two groups. Plasma pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II
      levels were also similar in both groups. A significant negative relation (r = 
      0.84; P less than 0.01) was found between basal gastrin levels and gastric acid
      production in nondiabetic Indians, but not in diabetic Pimas. The fractional
      gastric emptying rate of an acaloric liquid meal was significantly decreased in
      diabetic Pimas (P less than 0.01); and at least one test showing abnormal vagal
      function, as estimated by the Valsalva maneuver, heart rate changes between deep
      expiration and inspiration, and postural hypotension, was found in every diabetic
      subject. These findings suggest that hypergastrinemia in type II diabetes is not
      related to hypochlorhydria, but, instead, results from autonomic dysfunction with
      slow gastric emptying.

PMID- 6833462
TI  - High density lipoprotein subfractions during oral and cutaneous administration of
      17 beta-estradiol to menopausal women.
AB  - Thirty eight women with menopausal vasomotor symptoms were randomly allocated to
      6 months treatment with either 2-4 mg micronized estradiol given orally or 3 mg
      estradiol applied cutaneously. The concentrations of cholesterol (C) and
      phospholipids (PL) were determined in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its
      subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 twice before treatment and after 2, 4, and 6 months of
      medication. Oral estradiol increased the C and PL concentration in the HDL2
      fraction in a dose-dependent way. With 2 mg estradiol orally the HDL3 fraction
      did not change, whereas 4 mg estradiol orally increased the C and PL
      concentrations in the HDL3 fraction. Cutaneous treatment with estradiol did not
      influence the lipid level in HDL or its subfractions. It is concluded that the
      rise of HDL during estrogen treatment is mainly caused by an elevation of the
      HDL2 fraction. Furthermore, the route of administration of estrogens has a
      profound influence on the metabolism of the HDL subfractions.

PMID- 6833463
TI  - Spermatic and peripheral venous plasma concentrations of progesterone, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone in prepubertal boys.
AB  - Testosterone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 20 alpha
      dihydroprogesterone have been measured in the spermatic and peripheral venous
      blood of 17 prepubertal boys undergoing surgery for undescended testis or
      inguinal hernia repair. Mean (+/-SE) spermatic testosterone and progesterone (538
      +/- 212 and 704 +/- 110 pg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher (P less
      than 0.005) than peripheral levels (91 +/- 11 and 419 +/- 71 pg/ml,
      respectively). No significant spermatic-peripheral gradient was found for 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone. These in vivo studies
      demonstrate that the secretory pattern of the prepubertal testis is different
      from the adult testis.

PMID- 6833464
TI  - Higher sensitivity of primary thyrotropin in screening for congenital
      hypothyroidism: a myth?
AB  - We have simultaneously measured T4 and TSH concentrations from 93,000 consecutive
      filter paper blood samples received by the Quebec network for Genetic Medicine.
      T4 was measured using the Micromedic Automated System and TSH was measured by RIA
      kits from Pharmacia and Becton Dickinson, each for a 6-month period. Statistical
      analyses to assess quality control parameters for the various methods revealed
      that the T4 assay had greater precision and reproducibility than either of the 2
      commercially available TSH kits. The number of false negative results was similar
      for both methods. Eight infants with ectopic thyroid glands were correctly
      detected by the T4 method. One infant with secondary hypothyroidism was detected
      by the T4 approach and missed by the TSH methodology. Three infants overall would
      have been missed using either the T4 or TSH approach. These data indicate that
      primary T4 screening has similar sensitivity compared to TSH kits for mass
      screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6833465
TI  - HLA genotyping in family members and patients with familial polycystic ovarian
      disease.
AB  - To determine whether the familial occurrence of polycystic ovarian disease (PCO)
      is related to the major histocompatibility complex (HLA), four families in whom
      at least two siblings had clinical evidence of disease were examined. The
      diagnosis of PCO was confirmed by increased serum testosterone, androstenedione,
      and LH levels compared to those in normal women. Elevated concentrations of
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate indicated excess adrenal androgen secretion. The
      result of HLA genotyping in the families studied demonstrate that PCO does not
      exhibit linkage to the HLA system.

PMID- 6833466
TI  - Prolactin-releasing activity of dermorphin, a new synthetic potent opiate-like
      peptide, in normal human subjects.
AB  - Dermorphins (D) are heptapeptides (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-X-Ser-NH2; X, Pro or
      Hyp) with powerful central and peripheral opiate-like activity, originally
      isolated from the skin of South American frogs. To study the effect of a
      synthetic D on PRL secretion in man, either D (5.5 micrograms/kg . min for 30
      min) or D-placebo (0.9% saline) infusion over 30 min was administered iv in
      random sequence to 11 volunteers (6 women and 5 men). In all the subjects, D
      induced a significant increase in the levels of PRL, more consistently in women
      than in men. To investigate whether the increase in PRL was due to the opiate
      agonist properties of D, the study was repeated in the same subjects during
      naloxone infusion. The PRL response to D was completely suppressed, suggesting
      that the peptide exerts its effect on PRL release via an opiate receptor
      stimulation of the mu-type. These data allow us to conclude that D may affect PRL
      release in humans; however, further investigation is necessary before any
      physiological significance might be attributed to D in man.

PMID- 6833467
TI  - Failure of metoclopramide to affect thyrotropin concentration in the term human
      fetus.
AB  - Metoclopramide (MET), a potent dopamine receptor-blocking drug, or saline was
      administered to 125 term pregnant women at various time intervals (5-412 min)
      before delivery. Maternal serum was obtained before and after MET injection. Cord
      blood was obtained at delivery in MET-treated and saline-treated (control group)
      women. No significant changes in serum TSH, T4, T3, or rT3 concentrations were
      observed in maternal or cord blood after MET administration. These results
      suggest that, in contrast to euthyroid nonpregnant women and men, MET
      administration does not induce a rise in serum TSH concentration in term pregnant
      women or in the term fetus. Thus, the dopaminergic inhibitory effect on anterior
      pituitary TSH secretion may not be an important factor in TSH regulation during
      pregnancy or in the fetus, or the dose of MET employed may be unable to overcome
      the dopamine inhibitory effect.

PMID- 6833469
TI  - Androstenedione metabolism in human alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The metabolism of [3H]androstenedione by human alveolar macrophages was
      investigated. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage by
      use of a heparinized saline solution devoid of Ca++ and Mg++. After purification,
      the macrophages were incubated at 37 C in RPMI-1640 medium that contained glucose
      and [1,2,6,7-3H]androstenedione under various experimental conditions. Control
      incubations were conducted without macrophages. After incubation, 14C-labeled
      steroids that corresponded to the metabolites were added as internal recovery
      standards. The metabolites were characterized by chromatography and
      crystallization to constant 3H to 14C ratios. Human alveolar macrophages convert
      [3H]androstenedione to 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, testosterone, 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, and isoandrosterone. Unidentified polar
      metabolites also were formed. Therefore, the following enzymes are present in
      these cells: 5 alpha-reductase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and unknown
      hydroxylase(s). The rates of formation of the principal metabolites, 5 alpha
      androstanedione and testosterone, remained linear up to 4 h of incubation and
      with macrophage number up to 1.5 X 10(7) cells/ml. These findings suggest that
      alveolar macrophages may be involved in the peripheral metabolism of
      androstenedione to potent androgens in man. It is possible that androgens, formed
      from blood-borne androstenedione within alveolar macrophages, may modulate
      phagocytic and other activities in these cells.

PMID- 6833468
TI  - Amenorrhea with cryptic hyperandrogenemia.
AB  - It is current practice to assume that when menstrual disturbances are associated
      with androgen excess there will be additional clinical evidence of this. We have
      recently seen three women with secondary amenorrhea who did not have any other
      clinical features of androgen excess, i.e. hirsutism, acne, etc., but who had
      elevated plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in addition to increased
      estrone values. Correction of hypertestosteronemia and elevated estrone levels
      was followed by ovulation, regular menstruation, and pregnancy. Variable tissue
      sensitivity to androgens probably accounts for these observations. If measurement
      of androgen levels is omitted in the evaluation of patients with amenorrhea
      without hirsutism, cryptic hyperandrogenemia will remain undetected. Plasma
      testosterone levels should be measured in all patients with amenorrhea of unknown
      etiology, and only if these are normal should a diagnosis of functional
      amenorrhea be assigned.

PMID- 6833470
TI  - Reduced bone mineral content in totally thyroidectomized patients: possible
      effect of calcitonin deficiency.
AB  - To further investigate the relationship between calcitonin deficiency and
      osteoporosis, we have measured bone mineral content (BMC) by single photon
      absorptiometry in patients made iatrogenically calcitonin deficient by prior
      total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Compared to sex-, age-, height-, and
      weight-matched normal controls, male patients had a significantly lower mean BMC
      at the midradius (1.162 +/- 0.02 vs. 1.301 +/- 0.05 g/cm; P less than 0.02) and
      the distal radius (1.180 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.338 +/- 0.04 g/cm; P less than 0.01).
      Female patients also had a significantly lower BMC at the midradius compared to
      those of a similarly matched group of normal controls and a group of patients on
      L-T4 suppression for nodular goiters (0.791 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.896 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.891
      +/- 0.03 g/cm; P less than 0.025). We conclude that calcitonin deficiency from
      surgical thyroidectomy is associated with significant decreases in bone mineral
      content in both sexes. This lends further support to the concept that calcitonin
      deficiency may be an important causative factor in the development of
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 6833472
TI  - The metabolic clearance rate and the production rate of estradiol in sexually
      immature and adult female rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The blood MCR of estradiol (MCRE2) was measured in 34 experiments with 10 adult
      (4.7-8.2 kg) and 13 prepubertal (1.8-3.0 kg; 13-23 months old) female rhesus
      monkeys using the constant infusion technique. Twenty-six of the studies were
      performed using an adult and an immature animal simultaneously. Twenty-four of
      the studies were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, while the
      remainder used conscious animals restrained in primate chairs. The blood MCRE2 in
      the adult female was 167.5 +/- 9.5 liters/day (mean +/- SE; n = 14) or 27.5 +/-
      1.4 liters/day x kg BW, and was not altered by anesthesia, stage of the menstrual
      cycle, amenorrhea of more than 60 days duration, or the site of origin of the
      blood used to calculate the MCR (radial artery, femoral artery, femoral vein, or
      saphenous vein). While the absolute MCRE2 in the immature animal (either
      anesthetized or conscious) was less than that in the adult, when corrected for
      body weight, the relative MCRE2 (in liters per day/kg BW) of the conscious
      immature animal was double that seen in the adult [48.4 +/- 5.2 (n = 6) vs. 27.5
      +/- 1.4 (n = 1.4)]. Anesthesia caused a profound depression of the MCRE2 in the
      immature animal, which could be prevented if the body temperature of the animal
      was maintained at 37 C during the prolonged period of anesthesia. The production
      rate of estradiol (PRE2) was calculated as the product of the serum estradiol
      concentration (in micrograms per liter; measured by RIA techniques) and the
      plasma MCRE2 (blood MCRE2 x 1 - hematocrit). In the adult animals, the PRE2
      ranged from 1.9 - 35.5 micrograms/day, and was lowest in the amenorrheic animals
      and highest during the late follicular phase. The PRE2 in the immature animals
      ranged from unmeasurable to 1.7 micrograms/day, averaging 0.7 +/- 0.2
      micrograms/day (n = 12) in those animals where it could be measured. These data
      support the hypothesis that the low circulating estradiol levels in the immature
      animal are the consequence of a low PRE2 coupled with a high MCRE2.

PMID- 6833471
TI  - Effects of obesity on estradiol metabolism: decreased formation of nonuterotropic
      metabolites.
AB  - Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of reproductive dysfunction and
      estrogen-linked diseases. In the present study, we have examined the principal
      oxidative biotransformations of estradiol in 13 obese premenopausal females and
      10 obese males compared to those in 9 premenopausal female and 15 male controls.
      These studies were carried out using a recently devised, sensitive radiometric
      method which permits the assessment of the total in vivo oxidative metabolism of
      estradiol at specific sites (i.e. 17 alpha, 16 alpha, or C-2) on the steroid
      molecule. Our results indicate that obesity (greater than 60% above ideal body
      weight) is associated with significant decreases in hydroxylation at C-2 in both
      sexes (P less than 0.001 for females and P less than 0.02 for males) and in
      oxidation at 17 alpha in premenopausal females (P less than 0.05) compared to
      that in age-matched, normal weight controls. Analysis of the plasma 3H2O specific
      activity curves suggested a slight decrease in the rate of 17-oxidation in obese
      subjects. The extent of hydroxylation at 16 alpha was not significantly affected
      by obesity. These metabolic alterations documented in obesity could result in a
      relative hyperestrogenic state, since, unlike the other estrogen metabolites, the
      2-hydroxyestrogen compounds display relatively little peripheral estrogenic
      activity. This metabolic alteration on a prolonged basis might be contributory to
      the prevalence of certain hormonally related diseases in obese individuals.

PMID- 6833473
TI  - Serological classification of Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AB  - Adult rabbits were immunized with nine Achromobacter xylosoxidans strains by
      intravenous injection of Formalin-killed organisms. Antisera thus obtained were
      reciprocally titrated with the nine A. xylosoxidans strains, and seven sera were
      defined as serologically distinct. Three of nine antisera possessed one common
      antibody while also each having their own specific antibody. Ninety-five strains
      of A. xylosoxidans were examined for serotyping by a microtiter agglutination
      test with the nine antisera, and the strains were divided into seven serogroups.
      The distribution of the 95 strains among the serogroups was as follows: serogroup
      A, 15 strains; B, 17 strains; C, 43 strains; D, 2 strains; E, 4 strains; G, 8
      strains; F, 2 strains. Four strains were not agglutinated with any of the
      antisera. Serogroups A, B, and F had the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrogen
      gas and to grow in heart infusion broth at 41 degrees C, although there were some
      exceptions. In contrast, most strains of serogroups C, D, and E could not produce
      nitrogen gas from nitrate, although they did produce nitrite. The strains of
      serogroup C could not grow at 41 degrees C, whereas those of serogroups D and E
      could. Thus, we concluded that serogroups A, B, and F referred to biotype IIIb
      described by Tatum, and serogroups C, D, and E referred to biotype IIIa. The
      serotyping of A. xylosoxidans may be useful for the analysis of nosocomial
      infections caused by these organisms.

PMID- 6833474
TI  - Selective recovery of oral Capnocytophaga spp. with sheep blood agar containing
      bacitracin and polymyxin B.
AB  - On the basis of in vitro susceptibility testing of antibiotics, dyes, and other
      antimicrobial agents, we developed and evaluated a medium, TBBP, for the
      selective isolation of oral Capnocytophaga spp. TBBP medium consists of 4%
      Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), 5% sheep
      blood, 0.1% yeast extract, 50 micrograms of bacitracin per ml, and 100 micrograms
      of polymyxin B per ml. A total of 34 Capnocytophaga stock cultures grew well on
      TBBP medium. Except for some streptococcal strains, TBBP medium inhibited growth
      of all test stock culture isolates of common oral gram-positive and gram-negative
      species. In a clinical study of 15 deep periodontal pockets, TBBP medium
      demonstrated Capnocytophaga recoverability that was similar to or higher than
      that shown by a nonselective blood agar medium. Typical Capnocytophaga colonial
      morphology enabled us to readily distinguish this organism from the few other
      bacteria which could grow on TBBP medium.

PMID- 6833475
TI  - Inhibition of nonspecific streptococcal coagglutination reactions.
AB  - The reliability of latex coagglutination testing for the serological grouping of
      hemolytic streptococci is limited by the relatively high incidence of false
      positive reactions. Pretreatment of streptococcal suspensions with antisera for
      the various groups that show clumping gives a specific inhibition of the latex
      agglutination with the true group, whereas the other groups continue to
      agglutinate aspecifically. The method is rapid and easy to perform, allows the
      exact grouping of those streptococci giving aspecific reactions, and is also a
      useful confirmatory test with monoreactive strains.

PMID- 6833476
TI  - Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of human calicivirus in
      stools.
AB  - A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for detection of
      human calicivirus in stool specimens. Seventy-eight stool specimens were tested
      by RIA. All 17 specimens positive for human calicivirus by electron microscopy
      (EM) were also positive by RIA. In addition, of 21 specimens obtained from an
      outbreak of caliciviral gastroenteritis, 11 were positive by RIA but negative by
      EM. Of 20 specimens positive for rotavirus by EM and 20 nondiarrheic specimens
      with no virus, 2 and 1, respectively, were positive by RIA but were subsequently
      shown to be falsely positive by a blocking test. There was no cross-reaction
      between human and feline caliciviruses. Thus, the test was more sensitive than EM
      and, with an appropriate blocking test, was specific for human calicivirus. It
      might be especially useful for screening large numbers of stool specimens.

PMID- 6833477
TI  - Reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a magnetic processing system
      for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polycarbonate-coated iron beads as the
      solid phase and with magnetic processing devices was evaluated for the
      quantitation of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum samples. Under the
      parameters and other basic conditions determined in this study, the assay was
      highly reproducible: coefficients of variation for the absorbance values obtained
      with the positive serum were 2.42% in same-day tests and 3.75% in day-to-day
      tests. Significant correlations were observed between the present assay system
      and other conventional serological tests: correlation coefficients were 0.960
      with the dye test and 0.929 with the latex agglutination test. Statistical
      analysis based on the frequency distribution of absorbance values for dye-test
      positive and dye-test-negative serum samples gave feasible border lines for
      distinguishing between positive and doubtful samples (0.357) and between doubtful
      and negative samples (0.266). Under this diagnostic criterion, the results of our
      assay system agreed remarkably well with those obtained by the dye test and the
      latex agglutination test, with consistencies of 94.9 and 93.9%, respectively.

PMID- 6833478
TI  - Reduced set of phages for typing salmonellae.
AB  - A set composed of 27 phages is described for differentiating Salmonella spp.
      representative of groups A, B, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, E3, E4, G1, K, and N. All
      of the 1,245 cultures used in this effort were typable and were differentiated on
      the basis of the 420 phage patterns observed. All results were reproducible.
      Characteristic phage patterns were produced by a variety of Salmonella serovars
      isolated from campus incidents and a number of hospital, family, restaurant, and
      processing plant outbreaks to indicate an existing epidemiological relationship.

PMID- 6833479
TI  - Comparison of a new rapid plasma reagin card test with the standard rapid plasma
      reagin 18-mm circle card test and the venereal disease research laboratory slide
      test for serodiagnosis of syphilis.
AB  - The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test manufactured by Beckman Instruments,
      Inc., was compared, qualitatively and quantitatively, with the Venereal Disease
      Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test and the standard RPR 18-mm circle card
      tests for the serodiagnosis of syphilis. Sera from 638 individuals were used in
      this study. Two pilot lots and two production lots of antigen were submitted by
      Beckman Instruments, Inc., for evaluation. Qualitative agreement among the three
      RPR card tests was 98.1%; between the Beckman RPR card and the VDRL slide tests,
      95.0%; and between the reference RPR card and the VDRL slide tests, 95.5%. The
      Beckman RPR card test was 95.3% specific, whereas the specificities of the
      reference RPR card and the VDRL slide tests were 98.8% and 96.1%, respectively.
      Sensitivities of the three nontreponemal tests were: Beckman RPR card test
      production lots, 94.7%; reference RPR card test, 96.8%; and VDRL slide test,
      90.6%. Quantitative agreement +/- 1 dilution among the three RPR card tests was
      93.0%, whereas quantitative agreement was approximately 40% when both RPR card
      tests were compared with the VDRL slide test. We found the Beckman RPR card test
      comparable to the standard RPR card tests. Therefore, the decision of which test
      to use for the serodiagnosis of syphilis is at the discretion of the user.

PMID- 6833480
TI  - Characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci from urinary tract
      specimens.
AB  - Species of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from urine specimens
      submitted from both inpatients and outpatients to the clinical microbiology
      laboratory of a teaching hospital were identified with a biotyping system, with
      species then correlated by clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibility. Of
      145 isolates, 102 (70%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 24 (17%) were
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 7 (4.7%) were Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 4 (2.8%)
      were Staphylococcus hominis, 3 (2.1%) were Staphylococcus simulans, and 5 (3.4%)
      were other species. Features characterizing persons with bacteriuria with S.
      saprophyticus compared with bacteriuria with any other species included female
      sex (95% versus 52%), young age (median age, 22 years versus 61 years),
      ambulatory status (hospital outpatients, 86% versus 23%), and absence of
      indwelling catheters (4.5% versus 49%). All other coagulase-negative
      staphylococci were isolated in a setting suggesting nosocomial acquisition, were
      more frequently resistant to common antimicrobial agents (42% multiply resistant
      versus 4.2% of S. saprophyticus), and were not distinguished by clinical
      features. Novobiocin susceptibility, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity
      of 96%, provided a simple and reliable test for differentiation of S.
      saprophyticus from other coagulase-negative staphylococci and should be routinely
      used for urinary tract specimens in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6833481
TI  - Role of reduced sulfur compounds in nutrition of Propionibacterium acnes.
AB  - In a study of the nutritional requirements of Propionibacterium acnes, acid
      hydrolyzed casein was shown to be the preferred nitrogen source in a glycerol
      salts medium. Of 22 individual amino acids tested, only cysteine supported growth
      in the glycerol-salts medium. This indicated a requirement not only for amino
      nitrogen but also for reduced sulfur. In the presence of an auxiliary nitrogen
      source, thioglycolate or thiosulfate could replace sulfur-containing amino acids.
      The apparent requirement of P. acnes for reduced sulfur possibly could be
      satisfied in vivo by the constant availability of this substance in the form of
      sulfhydryl groups in the sebaceous follicle during keratinization. The
      relationship between P. acnes and its nutritional substrate may give this
      organism a selective advantage to exist in this ecological niche.

PMID- 6833482
TI  - Measurement of antibody to Ureaplasma urealyticum by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and detection of antibody responses in patients with
      nongonococcal urethritis.
AB  - The optimum conditions for the detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM,
      and IgA antibodies to Ureaplasma urealyticum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) were established by using a cell lysate antigen and commercially
      available alkaline phosphatase conjugates. No significant cross-reactions were
      observed among rabbit antisera to a variety of mycoplasmas of human origin and
      ureaplasma antigen, thus demonstrating the specificity of the ELISA. All human
      sera were assayed at a 1:200 dilution. Antigen was used at 20 mug of protein/ml
      and conjugates were diluted 1:500. Presence of IgG antibody to U. urealyticum was
      significantly associated with isolation of U. urealyticum (P < 0.001) in 110
      women. Seventeen acute-phase and 19 convalescent-phase sera from male
      nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) patients were tested for the presence of antibody
      by both the metabolism inhibition assay and by ELISA, with overall agreements of
      82 and 95% for acute- and convalescent-phase sera, respectively. Serum antibody
      responses were demonstrated to selected serotypes in the metabolism inhibition
      test, but the response as measured by the ELISA was independent of the serotype
      of the antigen used. Serum antibody levels in NGU patients were significantly
      higher (P < 0.002) than the normal serum standard in the IgG, IgM, and IgA
      classes. Additionally, the magnitude of change between acute- and convalescent
      phase sera was greater for NGU patients than for normal asymptomatic ureaplasma
      positive male controls. A significant change in antibody levels of one or more
      antibody classes was detected for 12 of 18 (67%) NGU patients by ELISA. Ten of
      the 12 (83%) individuals had a change in the IgM class, which is suggestive of an
      active infectious process. The ELISA is advantageous in that it requires only a
      single serotype antigen, uses one serum dilution, is class specific, and allows
      quantitative detection of differences between acute- and convalescent-phase sera.

PMID- 6833483
TI  - EDTA-treated plasma in the rapid plasma reagin card test and the toluidine red
      unheated serum test for serodiagnosis of syphilis.
AB  - Both the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) 18-mm circle card test and the toluidine red
      unheated serum test (TRUST) were designed to be more rapid than the Venereal
      Disease Research Laboratory slide test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis. The RPR
      card test, although originally designed as the teardrop card test for use with
      plasma, has received recognition from the Centers for Disease Control as a
      standard test for syphilis for use with serum samples only. In this study, 132
      EDTA plasma-serum pairs were tested in both the RPR card test and TRUST
      immediately after the blood was drawn and the serum or plasma was separated from
      the cellular constituents of the blood. The plasma samples were further tested at
      24-h intervals of storage at 25 and 4 degrees C for 72 h. Special attention was
      paid to any increase in roughness in nonreactive specimens. The greatest increase
      in roughness (16.7%) was seen with the TRUST after 72 h at 25 degrees C. An
      additional 174 plasma-serum pairs were tested after 18 h of storage at 25 degrees
      C. Comparisons of the results of the 306 serum specimens with their corresponding
      plasma pairs gave 99.0% qualitative agreement for both tests. Quantitative
      agreement +/- 1 dilution between serum-plasma pairs tested within 18 h was 92.1%
      (35 of 38) for the RPR card test and 94.1% (32 of 34) for the TRUST. Our results
      with plasma from blood drawn with EDTA as the anticoagulant were comparable with
      results with serum specimens for both tests when plasma specimens were tested
      within 18 to 24 h.

PMID- 6833484
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a seventh serogroup of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - An environmental isolate (Chicago 8) and a clinical isolate (Dallas 5) of
      Legionella pneumophila were shown to have similar serological characteristics;
      however, these characteristics were distinct from those of L. pneumophila
      serogroups 1 through 6. Chicago 8, ATCC 33823, was designated as the reference
      strain for L. pneumophila serogroup 7. The use of Mongolian gerbils for the
      isolation of L. pneumophila from the environment is described. Even though guinea
      pigs are the animals of choice in such studies, the isolation of Chicago 8
      illustrates that the use of gerbils may be a viable option when cost is a major
      consideration in study design.

PMID- 6833485
TI  - Fusobacterium nucleatum pericarditis.
AB  - A pericardial effusion was diagnosed by echocardiography in a 49 year old man who
      suffered acute cough, orthopnea, and chest pain. Because of a positive tuberculin
      skin test, mycobacteria were initially suspected as the cause of the
      pericarditis. The patient was therefore treated with antituberculosis drugs. The
      pericardial effusion failed to resolve, however, and pericardiectomy was
      performed. Culture of the pericardial fluid yielded pure Fusobacterium nucleatum
      growth. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy and was in good health 3
      weeks after being discharged from the hospital. This represents the first report
      of F. nucleatum pericarditis.

PMID- 6833486
TI  - Immune adherence hemadsorption: specific method for rapid identification of
      adenovirus antigens.
AB  - An immune adherence hemadsorption test for the rapid group-specific
      identification of adenoviruses is described. The test was performed directly on
      the cell culture isolate in less than 1 h, by the sequential addition of the
      antiserum of any adenovirus serotype, complement, and then C3b receptor-rich
      human erythrocytes. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of erythrocytes
      adhering firmly to the infected cell sheet. The immune adherence hemadsorption
      test proved a specific and rapid diagnostic procedure for the detection of
      adenovirus group antigen in tissue cultures and was more simple than conventional
      tests.

PMID- 6833487
TI  - Identification of Legionella pneumophila by latex agglutination.
AB  - A latex agglutination test for the identification of Legionella pneumophila
      serogroups 1 through 6 is described. The reagent is specific for L. pneumophila
      and enables the ready identification of L. pneumophila colonies on agar plates.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that latex agglutination enables the detection of
      soluble L. pneumophila antigens in respiratory secretions of patients suspected
      of having legionellosis.

PMID- 6833488
TI  - Norleucine-tyrosine broth for rapid identification of Clostridium difficile by
      gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - A new medium, norleucine-tyrosine (NT) broth, was developed for rapid
      identification of Clostridium difficile on the basis of caproic acid and p-cresol
      production. The NT broth consists of 0.5% Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems,
      Cockeysville, Md.), 0.5% yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit), 0.2% L
      norleucine and 0.2% L-tyrosine (wt/vol; final concentrations), and a mixture of
      salts. The procedure for demonstrating caproic acid and p-cresol production
      involves extracting NT broth cultures with ether or chloroform and analyzing the
      extracts with a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity
      detector, as is customary for analysis of volatile fatty acids. A total of 120
      strains of C. difficile from diverse geographic locations were tested by this
      procedure, and they all produced caproic acid and p-cresol in NT broth. No other
      Clostridium species or other microorganisms tested have been found to produce
      both products in NT broth.

PMID- 6833489
TI  - Streptococcus equisimilis Pneumonia in a compromised host.
AB  - A fatal case of Streptococcus equisimilis pneumonia and septicemia is described
      in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. The disease course consisted of exudative
      pharyngitis, macular rash, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation,
      deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolization. S. equisimilis was isolated
      from blood, throat, and sputum cultures antemortem and from lung cultures at
      autopsy.

PMID- 6833490
TI  - A novel soluble brain-specific protein (Sy-1). Identification and partial
      characterization.
AB  - A novel brain-specific antigen, called Sy-1, has been identified in whole rat
      brain hypotonic extracts by means of an antiserum produced in rabbits against the
      synaptosomal cytosol. Sy-1 is an acidic protein (pI 4.7) present exclusively in a
      soluble form and it does not carry any sugar moiety. Sy-1 is found only in rat
      brain and, in a partially identical form, in mouse brain. In rat brain the
      antigen is more concentrated in the brainstem than in the forebrain and
      cerebellum. On the basis of immunological, physico-chemical and biological
      criteria Sy-1 differs from other, already described, brain-specific proteins.

PMID- 6833491
TI  - Behavior in vivo of normal and dysfunctional C1 inhibitor in normal subjects and
      patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema.
AB  - The metabolism of normal C1 inhibitor and two dysfunctional C1 inhibitors (Ta and
      WeI) was studied in 10 normal subjects and 8 patients with hereditary
      angioneurotic edema (HANE), 4 with low antigen concentration (type 1) and 4 with
      dysfunctional protein (type 2). The fractional catabolic rate of the normal C1
      inhibitor in normal subjects was 0.025 of the plasma pool/hour, whereas in HANE
      subjects it was significantly elevated at 0.035 of the plasma pool/hour. The
      synthesis of normal C1 inhibitor was decreased in patients with type 1 HANE
      (0.087 mg/ kg per h compared with 0.218 mg/kg per h). The fractional catabolic
      rate of dysfunctional protein WeI was similar to normal and showed a slightly
      accelerated catabolism in patients with HANE, whereas the dysfunctional protein
      Ta had a strikingly decreased fractional catabolic rate in normals and subjects
      with HANE. The present study is compatible with reduced C1 inhibitor synthesis in
      patients with type 1 HANE consistent with a single functional C1 inhibitor gene.
      The lower than anticipated levels of C1 inhibitor in HANE type 1 appears to
      result from (a) the single functional gene and (b) increased catabolism of the
      protein, perhaps related to activation of C1 or other proteases.

PMID- 6833492
TI  - Familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism associated with impaired nuclear
      androgen retention. Studies in cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The androgen resistance syndromes are generally felt to be due to quantitative or
      qualitative abnormalities of the androgen receptor. Some patients with testicular
      feminization have no demonstrable fibroblast cytosol androgen binding, whereas
      others have androgen binding in cultured fibrobalsts that is thermolabile or
      fails to be stabilized by sodium molybdate. I describe here familial incomplete
      testicular feminization associated with reduced nuclear androgen retention.
      Fibroblasts, cultured from pubic skin biopsies of two phenotypic female 46XY
      siblings, were assayed for whole cell and nuclear uptake of
      [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone in dispersed, intact cells. Whole cell binding of
      [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone at 22 degrees C in the patients' fibroblasts was in the
      normal range. However, no high affinity, saturable binding of
      [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone was demonstrable in crude nuclear pellets prepared from
      the patients' fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees C with the hormone. Incubating
      the patients' cells with [(3)H]methyltrienolone or examining the nuclear uptake
      of [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone in these cells at 22 degrees C did not alter these
      findings. Although cytosol from the patients' cells revealed a quantitatively
      diminished 8S peak for [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone after centrifugation on sodium
      molybdate-containing sucrose gradients, there was no peak of (3)H in the 4S
      region from 0.3 M KCl nuclear extracts of the patients' cells after they had been
      incubated with [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone at 37 degrees C. Although whole cell
      binding studies at 37 degrees C showed minimally diminished androgen binding in
      the patients' cells compared with binding at 22 degrees C, Griffin (1979. J.
      Clin. Invest.64: 1624-1631.) has demonstrated thermolability of the androgen
      receptors in fibroblasts also cultured from these patients. The observations with
      intact cells coupled with the diminished cytosol 8S peak of
      [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone on sucrose gradients indicate that these patients have
      cytosol androgen receptors that are qualitatively abnormal physicochemically, the
      physiologic consequence of which is failure of nuclear androgen localization.
      Thus, although the underlying defect in the pathogenesis of the androgen
      resistance in these patients appears to reside in the androgen receptor, the
      crucial biologic manifestation of the molecular lesion is impaired nuclear
      androgen retention. These experiments, therefore, suggest that assessment of
      nuclear [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone uptake is an effective indicator of the
      functional integrity of the androgen receptor system in patients with various
      forms of androgen insensitivity and provides additional insights to those
      obtained by thermolability or cytosol sucrose gradient studies.

PMID- 6833493
TI  - Transport of propranolol and lidocaine through the rat blood-brain barrier.
      Primary role of globulin-bound drug.
AB  - Basic lipophilic drugs such as propranolol and lidocaine are strongly bound by
      alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, also called orosomucoid. Although the liver is known
      to rapidly clear plasma protein-bound propranolol or lidocaine, it is generally
      regarded that peripheral tissues, such as brain or heart, are only exposed to the
      small fraction of drug that is free or dialyzable in vitro. The "free drug"
      hypothesis is subjected to direct empiric testing in the present studies using
      human sera and an in vivo rat brain paradigm. Serum from 27 human subjects
      (normal individuals, newborns, or patients with either metastatic cancer or
      rheumatoid arthritis) were found to have up to a sevenfold variation in
      orosomucoid concentrations. The free propranolol or lidocaine as determined in
      vitro by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C varied inversely with the
      orosomucoid concentration. Similarly the rate of transport of propranolol or
      lidocaine through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was inversely related to the
      existing serum concentration of orosomucoid. However, the inhibition of rat brain
      extraction of drug by orosomucoid in vivo was only about one-fifth of that
      predicted by free drug measurements in vitro. This large discrepancy suggested
      orosomucoid-bound drug was readily available for transport into brain in vivo.
      Studies using purified human orosomucoid in the rat brain extraction assay also
      showed that orosomucoidbound propranolol or lidocaine is readily transported
      through the BBB. Conversely, albumin-bound propranolol or lidocaine was not
      transported through the BBB. The studies using albumin provide evidence that the
      in vivo rat brain paradigm used in the present investigations is capable of
      confirming, when possible, predictions made by the "free drug" hypothesis. These
      data suggest that the amount of circulating propranolol or lidocaine that is
      available for transport into a peripheral tissue such as brain is not restricted
      to the free (dialyzable) moiety but includes the much larger globulin-bound
      fraction. Therefore, existing pharmacokinetic models should be expanded to
      account for the transport of protein-bound drugs into peripheral tissues similar
      to what is known to occur in liver.

PMID- 6833494
TI  - Plasma clearance kinetics of the amyloid-related high density lipoprotein
      apoprotein, serum amyloid protein (apoSAA), in the mouse. Evidence for rapid
      apoSAA clearance.
AB  - The plasma clearance kinetics of the amyloid-related high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) apoprotein serum amyloid protein (apoSAA) was examined in BALB/c mice by
      two different methods, using labeled 125I-apoSAA-rich HDL and unlabeled plasma
      apoSAA (clearance monitored by radioimmunoassay). The plasma half-life of apoSAA,
      estimated by both methods, was on the order of 75-80 min, as compared with a
      value of approximately 11 h for mouse apoA-I. In trace-labeling studies, the
      rapid plasma clearance of both major 125I-labeled apoSAA isotypes was observed;
      this metabolic behavior was unique to these polypeptides among HDL apoproteins.
      The property of rapid plasma clearance was lost upon purification and
      reconstitution of 125I-apoSAA with HDL, indicating that this property is labile
      to denaturing conditions. Studies aimed at determining the metabolic fate of 125I
      apoSAA gave no evidence for either the selective excretion of 125I-apoSAA or
      clearance to unique tissue sites as compared with other 125I-HDL apoproteins.

PMID- 6833495
TI  - Ether link cleavage is the major pathway of iodothyronine metabolism in the
      phagocytosing human leukocyte and also occurs in vivo in the rat.
AB  - These studies were performed to test the hypothesis that ether link cleavage
      (ELC) is an important pathway for the metabolism of thyroxine (T(4)) in the
      phagocytosing human leukocyte. When tyrosyl ring-labeled
      [(125)I]T(4)([Tyr(125)I]T(4)) was incubated with phagocytosing leukocytes, 50% of
      the degraded label was converted into [(125)I]3,5-diiodotyrosine ([(125)I]DIT).
      Of the remaining [Tyr(125)I]T(4) that was degraded, two-thirds was recovered as
      [(125)I]-nonextractable iodine ([(125)I]NEI), and one-third as [(125)I]iodide.
      The production of [(125)I]DIT was not observed when phenolic ring-labeled
      [(125)I]T(4) ([Phen(125)I]T(4)) was used, although [(125)I]NEI and [(125)I]iodide
      were produced. None of these iodinated compounds were formed in leukocytes that
      were not carrying out phagocytosis. The fraction of T(4) degraded by ELC was
      decreased by the addition of unlabeled T(4) and by preheating the leukocytes,
      findings which suggested that the process was enzymic in nature. ELC was enhanced
      by the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole, and was inhibited by the peroxidase
      inhibitor propylthiouracil, suggesting that the enzyme is a peroxidase and that
      hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a necessary cofactor in the reaction. To test
      this hypothesis, studies were performed in several inherited leukocytic
      disorders. ELC was not observed in the leukocytes of patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease, in which the respiratory burst that accompanies
      phagocytosis is absent. ELC was normal in the leukocytes of two subjects
      homozygous for Swiss-type acatalasemia, and aminotriazole enhanced ELC in these
      cells to an extent not significantly different from that observed in normal
      cells. ELC was normal in the leukocytes of a patient with myeloperoxidase
      deficiency, but could be induced by the incubation of [Tyr(125)I]T(4) with
      H(2)O(2) and horseradish peroxidase in the absence of leukocytes. The in vivo
      occurrence of ELC in the rat was confirmed by demonstrating the appearance of
      [(125)I]DIT in serum from parenterally injected [(125)I]3,5-diiodothyronine, but
      no [(125)I]DIT was produced when [(125)I]3',5'-diiodothyronine was administered.
      FROM THESE FINDINGS WE CONCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (a) ELC is the major pathway for
      the degradation of T(4) during leukocyte phagocytosis, and accounts for 50% of
      the disposal of this iodothyronine; (b) the NEI and iodide formed by
      phagocytosing cells are derived from the degradation of the phenolic and tyrosyl
      rings of T(4), although ELC per se accounts for only a small fraction of these
      iodinated products; (c) the process by which ELC occurs is enzymic in nature, and
      its occurrence requires the presence of the respiratory burst that accompanies
      phagocytosis; (d) the enzyme responsible for ELC is likely to be a peroxidase,
      although a clear role for myeloperoxidase as the candidate enzyme remains to be
      established; (e) iodothyronines are also degraded by ELC in vivo, and the
      quantitative importance of this pathway in various pathophysiological states
      requires further investigation.

PMID- 6833496
TI  - Characterization of polypeptides serologically and structurally related to
      hexosaminidase in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Human fibroblasts synthesize several polypeptides that assort into the various
      forms of hexosaminidase (hex). We report here the occurrence of three newly
      identified, hexosaminidase-related polypeptides resolved by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from
      [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts. These polypeptides, called band 2
      (75,000), band 3 (70,000), and band 4 (63,000), were immunoprecipitated by an
      antiserum specific to placental hex I2. They are distinct from pre-alpha-
      (60,000) and pre-beta- (58,000) precursor polypeptides and the alpha- (56,000),
      beta a- (27,000), and beta b- (27,000) polypeptides of the mature hex A (alpha
      beta a beta b) and hex B (2[beta a beta b]). When fibroblast extracts were
      chromatographed on DEAE-Sepharose, bands 2, 3, and 4 were eluted together in
      fractions before hex A, in a position characteristic of serum and placental hex
      I2 and serum hex P. This suggests that bands 2, 3, and 4 might represent the
      polypeptides of a fibroblast hex I. The analysis of partial proteolytic digests
      of the radioactively labeled polypeptides revealed that bands 2 and 3, pre-beta,
      and beta a had several peptides in common, suggesting that they are structurally
      related to each other. However, bands 2, 3, and 4 were present in extracts of Tay
      Sachs (pre-alpha and alpha deficiency) and Sandhoff cells (pre-beta, beta a, and
      beta b deficiency) and appeared later than pre-beta in pulse-chase experiments.
      These results suggest that bands 2 and 3 occur independently of pre-beta and beta
      a and are probably specified by different mRNA, whether from the same gene or
      distinct but homologous genes.

PMID- 6833497
TI  - Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the
      hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo.
AB  - N-Acetylcysteine is the drug of choice for the treatment of an acetaminophen
      overdose. It is thought to provide cysteine for glutathione synthesis and
      possibly to form an adduct directly with the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen, N
      acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. However, these hypothese have not been tested in
      vivo, and other mechanisms of action such as reduction of the quinoneimine might
      be responsible for the clinical efficacy of N-acetylcysteine. After the
      administration to rats of acetaminophen (1 g/kg) intraduodenally (i.d.) and of
      [(35)S]-N-acetylcysteine (1.2 g/kg i.d.), the specific activity of the N
      acetylcysteine adduct of acetaminophen (mercapturic acid) isolated from urine and
      assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography averaged 76+/-6% of the specific
      activity of the glutathione-acetaminophen adduct excreted in bile, indicating
      that virtually all N-acetylcysteine-acetaminophen originated from the metabolism
      of the glutathione-acetaminophen adduct rather than from a direct reaction with
      the toxic metabolite. N-Acetylcysteine promptly reversed the acetaminophen
      induced depletion of glutathione by increasing glutathione synthesis from 0.54 to
      2.69 mumol/g per h. Exogenous N-acetylcysteine did not increase the formation of
      the N-acetylcysteine and glutathione adducts of acetaminophen in fed rats.
      However, when rats were fasted before the administration of acetaminophen,
      thereby increasing the stress on the glutathione pool, exogenous N-acetylcysteine
      significantly increased the formation of the acetaminophen-glutathione adduct
      from 57 to 105 nmol/min per 100 g. Although the excretion of acetaminophen
      sulfate increased from 85+/-15 to 211+/-17 mumol/100 g per 24 h after N
      acetylcysteine, kinetic simulations showed that increased sulfation does not
      significantly decrease formation of the toxic metabolite. Reduction of the
      benzoquinoneimine by N-acetylcysteine should result in the formation of N
      acetylcysteine disulfides and glutathione disulfide via thiol-disulfide exchange.
      Acetaminophen alone depleted intracellular glutathione, and led to a progressive
      decrease in the biliary excretion of glutathione and glutathione disulfide. N
      Acetylcysteine alone did not affect the biliary excretion of glutathione
      disulfide. However, when administered after acetaminophen. N-acetylcysteine
      produced a marked increase in the biliary excretion of glutathione disulfide from
      1.2+/-0.3 nmol/min per 100 g in control animals to 5.7+/-0.8 nmol/min per 100 g.
      Animals treated with acetaminophen and N-acetylcysteine excreted 2.7+/-0.8
      nmol/min per 100 g of N-acetylcysteine disulfides (measured by high performance
      liquid chromatography) compared to 0.4+/-0.1 nmol/min per 100 g in rats treated
      with N-acetylcysteine alone. In conclusion, exogenous N-acetylcysteine does not
      form significant amounts of conjugate with the reactive metabolite of
      acetaminophen in the rat in vivo but increases glutathione synthesis, thus
      providing more substrate for the detoxification of the reactive metabolite in the
      early phase of an acetaminophen intoxication when the critical reaction with
      vital macromolecules occurs.

PMID- 6833499
TI  - Learning disabilities in adolescents with high IQ scores.
AB  - Between January 1, 1971 and December 31, 1980, 43 of 415 adolescents diagnosed as
      "learning disabled" when evaluated in an intensive 4-day diagnostic program were
      found to have a WISC-R verbal, performance, or full scale IQ score of 120 or
      higher. The 34 boys and 9 girls were 14.5 +/- 2 years old, were in grade 9.5 +/-
      1, and had had overt symptoms of academic difficulty for 4 +/- 1.5 years at the
      time of diagnosis. None of the adolescents was achieving at an academic level
      consistent with the potential indicated by the WISC-R score. All of the
      adolescents were able to dissemble and disguise their disabilities. Only nine had
      previously been recognized as being disabled. All exhibited academic failure
      (which became apparent or increasingly severe on entering junior high school) and
      suffered from lack of self-esteem, depression, and withdrawal. Older adolescents
      had "given up" on school and were attempting to find alternative careers.
      Learning disabilities constitute an invisible handicap which affects 2 to 3% of
      all adolescents. Those who have very high intelligence may be able to hide the
      handicap until academic challenges become sufficiently difficult or complex to
      unmask them.

PMID- 6833500
TI  - Tools of behavioral medicine: applications of biofeedback treatment for children
      and adolescents.
AB  - This article reviews the role of biofeedback as a tool in behavioral medicine
      with applications for children and adolescents. Biofeedback as a method for
      enhancing self-regulation and criteria for prescribing biofeedback interventions
      are detailed. Clinical and research investigations are reviewed to demonstrate
      the usefulness of biofeedback in a variety of clinical situations: headache,
      asthma, hyperactivity, skeletal and smooth muscle dysfunctions, anxiety states,
      and emotional disorders. Practical guidelines are presented for improving the
      effectiveness of biofeedback training procedures within a clinical setting and
      for improving generalization of training to the child's daily life.

PMID- 6833498
TI  - Evidence for two pathways of iodothyronine 5'-deiodination in rat pituitary that
      differ in kinetics, propylthiouracil sensitivity, and response to hypothyroidism.
AB  - We have studied 5'-deiodination of thyroxine (T(4)) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
      (rT(3)) in rat pituitary tissue in vitro, with respect to substrate specificity,
      reaction kinetics, effects of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), and the time course
      of effects of thyroid hormone depletion and repletion. Removal of one phenolic
      iodine or both tyrosyl iodines from the T(4) molecule resulted in compounds that
      were not deiodinated, but alterations in the alanine side chain had little
      effect.5'-Deiodination of 2 nM rT(3) by pituitary microsomes from euthyroid rats
      was inhibited >90% by 1 mM PTU, but was inhibited <10% by 100 nM T(4). The
      apparent Michaelis constant (K(m)) and maximum velocity (V(max)) for rT(3) at 20
      mM dithiothreitol (DTT) were 33 nM and 84 pmol/mg protein per h. This reaction
      followed ping-pong type reaction kinetics when concentrations of DTT were varied.
      PTU inhibition was competitive with DTT and uncompetitive with rT(3). In
      contrast, when pituitary microsomes from hypothyroid rats (21 d
      postthyroidectomy) were used, deiodination of 2 nM rT(3) was inhibited only 20%
      by 1 mM PTU and up to 80% by 100 nM T(4). At 20 mM DTT, the apparent K(m) and
      V(max) in hypothyroid microsomes were 4.7 nM rT(3) and 16 pmol/mg protein per h.
      T(4) was a competitive inhibitor of PTU-insensitive rT(3) 5'-deiodination (K(i) =
      1.3 nM). T(4) 5'-deiodination by hypothyroid microsomes was not affected by PTU,
      was competitively inhibited by rT(3) (K(i), 1.7 nM), and exhibited sequential
      type reaction kinetics with DTT as cosubstrate. When T(4) 5'-deiodination was
      measured in euthyroid and hypothyroid microsomes, respectively, the apparent K(m)
      and V(max) for T(4) at 20 mM DTT, were 0.9 nM and 0.55 pmol/mg protein per h
      (euthyroid), and 0.8 nM and 6.9 pmol/mg protein per h (hypothyroid). The T(4) 5'
      deiodination rate and the PTU-insensitive, but not total, rT(3) 5'-deiodination
      rate (i.e. measured in the presence and the absence of 1 mM PTU, respectively) in
      pituitary homogenates were significantly elevated 24 h after thyroidectomy. PTU
      insensitive activity continued to increase until at >/=30 d after thyroidectomy
      it was 11 times the PTU-insensitive activity in controls. At the latter time, PTU
      sensitive rT(3) 5'-deiodinase activity appeared to be decreased. The increase in
      PTU-insensitive T(4) and rT(3) 5'-deiodination observed 48 h after thyroidectomy
      was prevented by replacement doses of T(4) or T(3). The PTU-insensitive activity
      of long term hypothyroid pituitaries was decreased by 71% and >/=84% 4 h after
      injection of 20 and 200 mug T(3), respectively, with no change in PTU-sensitive
      rT(3) deiodination. These data show that rat pituitary tissue contains two
      distinct iodothyronine 5'-deiodinating pathways that differ with respect to
      substrate specificity, PTU sensitivity, reaction kinetics, and regulation by
      thyroid hormone. One of these resembles the 5'-deiodinase of liver and kidney,
      and predominates in euthyroid pituitary tissue in vitro. The other, also found in
      rat brain, predominates in hypothyroid pituitary tissue, is rapidly responsive to
      changes in thyroid hormone availability, and, as judged by previous, in vivo
      studies, appears to account for all the T(3) produced locally in the pituitary
      and, thereby, 50% of the intracellular T(3) in this tissue.

PMID- 6833501
TI  - The family health project: cardiovascular risk reduction education for children
      and parents.
AB  - The principles of family support and of social learning theories were applied to
      a feasibility study of working directly with family units in a health education
      program. Twenty-four Anglo, Black, and Mexican-American families of young
      elementary school children participated in a 3-month cardiovascular risk
      reduction education project which included eight weekly evening sessions designed
      to assist families to decrease the frequency of consumption of foods high in
      sodium and in saturated fats, and to increase the frequency of aerobic exercise.
      Statistically significant differences between randomly assigned treatment and
      control groups were noted for reported consumption of high sodium foods and of
      foods high in saturated fats. Experimental subjects gained more knowledge of
      factors influencing cardiovascular risk, even though the intervention was
      behaviorally, rather than cognitively, based. This method of health promotion is
      deserving of further study.

PMID- 6833502
TI  - Sleep patterns, attention span, and infant temperament.
AB  - Infant temperament ratings and parental reports of sleep patterns and sleep
      durations were obtained on 105 normal infants. Boys with more difficult
      temperaments and active sleep patterns had brief attention spans compared to the
      other children (p = 0.005). Among all infants, active sleep pattern was
      associated with maleness and increased activity ratings when awake (both p less
      than 0.05). Infants with easy temperaments slept longer than those with difficult
      temperaments (14.9 +/- 0.2 versus 12.8 +/- 0.5 hours, p less than 0.001). Gender,
      maternal prenatal smoking, method of feeding, and infant sleep position did not
      affect attention span ratings or sleep durations.

PMID- 6833503
TI  - The sexually active teenager.

PMID- 6833504
TI  - Childhood depression.
AB  - This paper reviews the development of the current understanding of childhood
      depression. Psychoanalytic thought is briefly reviewed and recent studies
      regarding diagnosis, incidence, etiology, treatment, and prognosis are covered.
      The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III is thought to adequately diagnose both
      adult and childhood depression. Depressive disorder in children is more
      frequently recognized and important studies are enhancing our knowledge of
      biologic, genetic, and psychological factors in depression. Treatment of
      depression is being refined and developed. The authors suggest that the
      understanding of childhood depression continues to be best conceptualized within
      a biopsychosocial model.

PMID- 6833505
TI  - The sick child: family complications.
AB  - Pediatric care for chronic illness necessarily involves the sick child's family.
      Effective medical care includes knowledge of the family as a social system and an
      understanding of the challenges that chronic illness in childhood brings to both
      the ill child and his family. Several potential difficulties may arise for the
      family, including overprotection of the ill child, the development of a split in
      the marriage as one parent cares exclusively for the ill child, and disruption of
      the remainder of family life. Specific characteristics of family interaction have
      been associated with varieties of medical difficulties and psychosocial
      maladaptation for the child. Pediatric care should include family interventions
      which enhance the family's ability to manage the chronic illness as well as
      improve their child's psychosocial status. Structural family therapy has been
      demonstrated to be effective in treating severe family maladaptation to chronic
      illness and in significantly improving the child's condition. The tenets of
      family therapy for maladaptation to chronic illness are also reviewed.

PMID- 6833506
TI  - Parental acceptance of newborns with neural tube defects.

PMID- 6833507
TI  - Observer variation in the histological grading of rectal carcinoma.
AB  - The variation between two observers in grading 100 biopsies and the corresponding
      main specimens of rectal carcinomas has been examined. Using kappa statistics,
      which take account of chance agreement, we found a highly significant level of
      agreement. As expected, higher levels were obtained for intraobserver agreement.
      However, disagreements between observers were in many instances "haphazard" and
      there were differences in bias between them. Fifty paired biopsies and main
      tumours were graded by five observers and the results analysed for bias and by
      kappa statistics for overall and conditional agreement. These methods revealed
      significant overall agreement but the levels for some observer pairs did not
      differ significantly from chance. Examination for observer bias indicated
      differing standards of grading, and haphazard disagreements reached high levels
      for some observer pairs. The intraobserver agreement between the grade of the
      biopsy and the corresponding main tumour varied from 56-69% but only 52% of the
      poorly differentiated tumours were diagnosed as such in the preoperative biopsy
      by the "specialist" observer. The poor predictive value was not improved by
      taking multiple biopsies. We conclude that the grade of a rectal carcinoma cannot
      be accurately assessed on a preoperative biopsy and that this has serious
      implications for the management of low rectal cancers. Furthermore the wide
      discrepancies in diagnostic standards between some pathologists mean that studies
      on the treatment and prognosis of rectal cancer which utilise histological grade
      for comparison purposes must be viewed with considerable skepticism.

PMID- 6833508
TI  - Histopathological systems of breast cancer classification: reproducibility and
      clinical significance.
AB  - The inter- and intraobserver reproducibilities of the histopathological systems
      of breast cancer classification suggested by the World Health Organisation (WHO),
      the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Ackerman have been analysed.
      The reproducibilities of the three classification systems were only "fair" to
      "moderate" and no correlation with the five-year recurrence rate was found. Our
      results indicate that these classification systems are without biological
      significance and are useless for prognosis in the individual patient. When the
      tumours were classified according to degree of differentiation (high, moderate,
      low) or graded according to WHO (which includes both differentiation and nuclear
      atypia), however, there was a significant correlation with the five-year
      recurrence rate. Yet even such "reduced" subdivisions are of no value in judging
      prognosis for the individual patient at the time of diagnosis; rather, they are
      useful only in the follow-up analysis of groups of patients.

PMID- 6833509
TI  - Oestrogen receptor assay of cryostat sections of human breast carcinomas with
      simultaneous quantitative histology.
AB  - Cryostat sections of unfixed human breast carcinomas were assayed for oestrogen
      receptor (ER) content using an isoelectric focusing method to separate the
      receptor-bound oestradiol. Adjacent sections from the same tissue block were
      stained so that the tumour content could be estimated by point counting and the
      ER concentration adjusted to compensate for variations in cellularity. Elastosis
      was also assessed. The results confirm a positive correlation between ER values
      and both cellularity and elastosis. The measurement of ER in cryostat sections is
      relatively simple and rapid, is applicable to small tissue samples, and permits
      histological identification of the nature and composition of the assayed sample.
      The method is directly applicable to oestrogen receptor analyses of breast
      carcinomas in clinical laboratories with facilities for cryostat microtomy.

PMID- 6833510
TI  - Food-starch granulomatous peritonitis.
AB  - Two cases of peritoneal granulomatous reactions to food starch are described.
      They followed bowel perforation and clinically mimicked tuberculous and glove
      powder starch peritonitis. Their histological differences from corn-starch
      peritonitis warrant attention in the absence of previous documentation of starch
      as a component of peritoneal food granulomas. Food-starch granules tend to be
      larger than those of glove powder, are often oval, and may be extremely resistant
      to salivary diastase digestion.

PMID- 6833511
TI  - Hypothesis: the aplastic crisis of hereditary spherocytosis is due to a single
      transmissible agent.
AB  - Aplastic crisis in sickle cell anaemia has been associated with infection by a
      serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV). Reports of outbreaks of these crises in
      hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were investigated to see if the data were
      consistent with a single agent such as SPLV being their cause. The age
      distribution of the cases and the pattern of spread were compatible with an
      infectious aetiology. The symptoms and duration of the cases, and the intervals
      between them, were sufficiently uniform to indicate that they were caused wholly
      or predominantly by a single agent with an incubation period of about nine days.
      There were close similarities between these illnesses and recognised cases of
      SPLV infection. It is concluded that SPLV is probably the main cause of aplastic
      crisis in HS.

PMID- 6833512
TI  - Impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis by serum from patients with chronic
      lymphoproliferative disease.
AB  - The sera of 74 individuals with chronic lymphoproliferative disease were screened
      for the presence of inhibitory activity against neutrophil chemotaxis. This was
      present in more than half the patients with IgA myeloma and Hodgkin's disease but
      was less common in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphocytic lymphoma and non
      IgA paraproteinaemia. Heating the sera prior to testing frequently enhanced
      inhibitory activity particularly in myeloma and lymphoma.

PMID- 6833514
TI  - Significance and value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an
      endemic area.
AB  - The diagnostic value of the Widal test was assessed in an endemic area. The test
      was done on 300 normal individuals, 297 non-typhoidal fevers and 275
      bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid. Of 300 normal individuals, 2% had an H
      agglutinin titre of 1/160 and 5% had an O agglutinin titre of 1/160. On the basis
      of these criteria a significant H and/or O agglutinin titre of 1/320 or more was
      observed in 93-97% of typhoid cases and in only 3% of patients with non-typhoidal
      fever. Of the sera from typhoid cases which gave a significant Widal reaction,
      the majority (79.9%) showed increases in both H and O agglutinins and 51 of 234
      (21.8%) of these sera were collected in the first week of illness. The
      significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6833513
TI  - Demonstration of pathogenic bacteria in "sterile" inflammatory exudates.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-seven exudates from inflammatory processes, judged sterile
      after incubation on standard isolation media, were further investigated. This
      involved the exclusion of slow-growing strains by a further 48 hours incubation
      of the primary plates and subcultures from hypertonic broth that had been
      inoculated concurrently with the initial cultures. Over 80% of otherwise sterile
      exudates grew presumptive pathogens only after passage through the hypertonic
      broth and no further isolations resulted from extended incubation of the primary
      cultures. A history of current, or recent, antibiotic therapy commonly
      accompanied the demonstration of these aberrant strains and clinical remission of
      symptoms usually followed fresh antibiotic therapy directed solely against the
      revertant isolates.

PMID- 6833515
TI  - A reduced incubation period for the destruction of somatic adenosine triphosphate
      in urine specimens.

PMID- 6833517
TI  - Gliding motility of Acinetobacter anitratus.

PMID- 6833516
TI  - Hypothermia and pancreatitis.

PMID- 6833518
TI  - Prediction of lithium maintenance doses using a single point prediction protocol.
AB  - Conflicting reports regarding the utility of a previously described single point
      prediction dosing method for lithium prompted the present study's reexamination
      of the relationship between a single point lithium concentration and the lithium
      maintenance dose. Seventeen informed, adult patients with affective illness were
      studied. The relationship between their 24-hour lithium concentration after a
      test dose and the maintenance dose was significant, hence confirming earlier
      reports. In addition, more confident relationships were noted when steady state
      range concentrations for lithium prophylaxis (0.41 to 0.89 mEq/liter) and for
      treatment of acute mania (0.9 to 1.27 mEq/liter) were analyzed separately.
      Maintenance dose predictive equations were generated for these lithium steady
      state ranges from a 24-hour single point level after a 1200-mg test dose. The
      clinical usefulness of the new relationships observed for maintenance dose
      prediction must await prospective testing.

PMID- 6833519
TI  - Urinary MHPG excretion and treatment with desipramine or amitriptyline:
      prediction of response, effect of treatment, and methodological hazards.
AB  - Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) excretion was measured in 49
      unipolar depressed outpatients to examine the relationship between pretreatment
      MHPG levels and therapeutic response to desipramine and amitriptyline and to
      determine the effects of these agents on MHPG excretion. Pretreatment MHPG
      excretion was greater in amitriptyline responders than amitriptyline
      nonresponders, but no different in desipramine responders compared to desipramine
      nonresponders. Pretreatment MHPG excretion did not differentiate desipramine from
      amitriptyline responders. Treatment for 3 weeks was associated with a decrement
      in MHPG excretion, particularly in the desipramine responders and combined
      desipramine and amitriptyline responders. Among patients within the postulated
      optimal desipramine plasma level range and patients with plasma amitriptyline
      plus nortriptyline levels greater than 70 ng/ml, high pretreatment MHPG excretion
      predicted therapeutic response and response was accompanied by a reduction in
      MHPG excretion. The interpretation of these findings is possibly confounded by
      the demonstration of a poor correlation (r = 0.61) between duplicate MHPG samples
      analyzed by a widely employed gas chromatography method and a gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. The methodological pitfalls
      encountered in the course of this investigation and their possible implications
      for similar studies are discussed.

PMID- 6833520
TI  - Psychiatric reactions during tricyclic treatment of the elderly reconsidered.
AB  - In a prospective study of all geriatric patients treated with tricyclic
      antidepressants over an 18-month period, a lower incidence of adverse psychiatric
      reactions than literature based on chart reviews has suggested was found. In only
      three of the 43 patients studied (7%) did a picture consistent with toxic
      delirium develop. None of the seven patients with senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type suffered an adverse psychiatric reaction despite having achieved
      therapeutic blood levels of medication. Difficulties in determining the type and
      pathogenesis of untoward reactions that do occur as a source of error in
      establishing frequency are emphasized. The relationship of such reactions to the
      neurobiology of aging, the central anticholinergic syndrome, and the putative
      role of acetylcholine in contributing to the clinical picture of senile dementia
      of the Alzheimer type is discussed.

PMID- 6833521
TI  - Relapse of depression during continuation treatment: three clinical vignettes.

PMID- 6833522
TI  - Effect of phenelzine on the prolapsed mitral valve in a patient with agoraphobia
      with panic attacks.

PMID- 6833523
TI  - Relapse, side effects, and monoamine oxidase inhibition during long term use of
      isocarboxazid: a case report.

PMID- 6833524
TI  - Physostigmine reversal of cimetidine-induced delirium and agitation.

PMID- 6833525
TI  - Plasma cortisol values after dexamethasone in depressed inpatients.

PMID- 6833526
TI  - Usefulness of single plasma desipramine levels.

PMID- 6833527
TI  - Seizures associated with a high plasma maprotiline level.

PMID- 6833528
TI  - Blood levels of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Plasma and red blood cell levels of haloperidol were measured in psychotic
      patients after an acute dose of haloperidol and during treatment with fixed doses
      for several weeks. There was wide variability of haloperidol plasma and red blood
      cell levels at a given dose and a nonlinear relationship between haloperidol dose
      and blood levels. The red blood cell/plasma ratio (0.40) had a narrow range among
      different patients. Haloperidol blood levels were not correlated with the age of
      the patient. Concomitant administration of benztropine mesylate did not decrease
      plasma haloperidol levels. Steady state plasma or red cell haloperidol levels
      could not be predicted from levels 24 hours after the acute dose.

PMID- 6833530
TI  - Anterograde transneuronal degeneration in the ectomamillary nucleus and ventral
      lateral geniculate nucleus of the chick.
AB  - The effects of anterograde transneuronal atrophy were studied in two visual
      nuclei of the chick--the ectomamillary nucleus (EMN), which shows marked
      degenerative changes following enucleation, and the ventral lateral geniculate
      nucleus (GLv), which shows less severe changes following enucleation. The chicks
      were enucleated on the day of hatching and killed between 2 and 81 days later.
      Reconstructions of the EMN and GLv revealed that enucleation retarded the growth
      of these two nuclei. The volume of the control EMN and GLv, ipsilateral to the
      removed eye, continued to increase after eye removal. The experimental EMN did
      not increase in volume during this time while the experimental GLv increased in
      volume but at a slower rate than the control GLv. The volume of the experimental
      GLv remained smaller than the control volume. In order to determine whether the
      volumetric changes were due to arrest of cellular growth or to atrophy of the
      neurons, a morphometric study was carried out in the two nuclei. Measurements of
      the cross-sectional area of EMN neurons revealed a 20% decrease in soma area in
      the experimental EMN in comparison with those in the control EMN. Since neurons
      in the control EMN did not increase in area after hatching, it was concluded that
      the changes were due to atrophy rather than arrest of neuron growth. Furthermore,
      there was a 35% neuron loss in the EMN. The GLv, which is composed of two
      laminae, consistently showed a greater decrease in soma cross-sectional area and
      neuron loss in its neuropil lamina (comparable to the transneuronal effects in
      the EMN) than in its lamina interna. Thus, in both nuclei, eye removal led to
      neuron loss and a decrease in soma cross-sectional area when compared with the
      contralateral (control) nucleus.

PMID- 6833529
TI  - Structure and innervation of the inner ear of the bowfin, Amia calva.

PMID- 6833531
TI  - Morphology of normal and deafferented neurons in the chick ectomamillary nucleus.
AB  - Neurons in the ectomamillary nucleus (EMN) undergo both atrophy and cell death
      following eye removal at hatching. It is not known whether all EMN neurons are
      affected uniformly by transneuronal atrophy or whether cell loss is an artifact
      due to misidentification of atrophied neurons as glia. In a preliminary
      morphological study, four types of neurons were found in the EMN by using the
      rapid Golgi method: A large multipolar neuron (type I); two medium-sized spindle
      shaped neurons, one possessing many dendritic branches (type II) and the other
      possessing few dendritic branches (type III); and a small round neuron (type IV).
      Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was then injected into two of the EMN projection
      fields in enucleated chicks in order to label retrogradely as many EMN neurons as
      possible. Types, I, II, and III neurons were identified both in the control and
      experimental EMN. The three types of backfilled neurons showed different degrees
      of transneuronal atrophy ranging from 12 to 47%. The type IV neuron, which could
      not be backfilled, was inferred to atrophy by 33%. Substantial differences in
      transneuronal atrophy, therefore, exist among the different types of neurons
      within the same nucleus. Since no glialike neurons could be retrogradely labeled
      it was concluded that there is a true neuron loss in the EMN following eye
      removal rather than mistaken identification of neurons as glia.

PMID- 6833532
TI  - Direct reciprocal connections between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and
      dorsomedial medulla oblongata: evidence from immunohistochemical detection of
      tracer proteins.
AB  - Connections between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the dorsomedial
      medulla oblongata have been examined by immunohistochemical detection of the
      tracer proteins horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Two
      sets of four rats received 0.2 or 0.4 microliter of either tracer injected into
      the dorsomedial medulla oblongata, were fixed by perfusion 48 hours later, and
      were processed for immunohistochemical detection of the tracers. Rats receiving
      HRP showed only a few single neurons retrogradely labelled in the ipsilateral bed
      nucleus, and some anterogradely labelled fibers. Rats receiving WGA showed a
      large number of retrogradely labelled neurons in the ipsilateral bed nucleus.
      Labelled neurons were most concentrated in a group in the central, dorsal, and
      lateral aspects of the nucleus at the level of the anterior commissure and just
      caudal to this. Just ventral to this group was a dense cluster of anterogradely
      labelled fibers. The retrogradely labelled neurons ranged from 12 to 20 microns
      in size and were multipolar. These findings indicate that there are direct
      reciprocal connections between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the
      autonomic centers of the dorsomedial medulla oblongata and strengthen the concept
      that this nucleus is involved in forebrain integration of autonomic functions.

PMID- 6833533
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of psoriasis.
AB  - Because psoriasis is a disease of unknown etiology, all treatments are based on
      empirical experience and diverse scientific theories. Although there is no
      present cure for psoriasis, many forms of therapy are effective in control of the
      disorder. These range from topical medications such as tar, anthralin,
      corticosteroids; phototherapy and photochemotherapy; systemic medication,
      including cytotoxic agents; and vitamin A analogues or retinoids. This report
      focuses on modifications of existing therapies based on advances in basic science
      knowledge and technology, combination therapies, as well as new therapeutic
      agents and new approaches to the treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 6833534
TI  - Moist wound healing under a vapor permeable membrane.
AB  - Ten ambulatory patients with unilateral and eight with bilateral ulcers of
      various etiologies were studied to determine the effects of keeping a wound bed
      moist under a water vapor and oxygen permeable membrane (VPM). In the bilateral
      group, VPM healing was compared with a debriding enzyme ointment and 10% benzoyl
      peroxide in the same patient. The faster healing rate with VPM was compared to
      the healing rate with control substances by the paired t test, with significance
      at less than 0.05 level. In the unilateral group two patients with ulcers to bone
      or joint capsule and one patient who had failed grafting healed without surgery.
      Two patients failed to heal with the VPM. All healing occurred in the face of
      gross bacterial contamination. Three patients treated with VPM developed
      cellulitis. Wound healing under a vapor permeable membrane occurs with an
      increase of the average healing rate by a factor of 2.6 when compared to control
      substances in ambulatory patients.

PMID- 6833535
TI  - Microscopically controlled surgery (Mohs' chemosurgery) for treatment of
      verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the foot (epithelioma cuniculatum).
AB  - In two cases of epithelioma cuniculatum, a rather rare form of verrucous
      carcinoma of the plantar surface of the foot, the lesions were excised by means
      of microscopically controlled surgery (Mohs' chemosurgery) with successful
      results, both clinically and cosmetically. Although the tumor is generally slow
      growing and often mistaken for a plantar wart, it can cause extensive local
      destruction. Metastasis has been reported and may be related to anaplastic
      transformation caused by radiotherapy. In certain cases, amputation may possibly
      be avoided through the use of microscopically controlled surgery.

PMID- 6833536
TI  - Regression in malignant melanoma.
AB  - A multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis shows that histologic regression
      is more likely to be found in a malignant melanoma that is level III or less,
      more than 10 mm in diameter, associated with solar elastosis, located on an
      anatomic area other than the head or neck, and when there are areas of whiteness
      clinically. Although patients with malignant melanomas displaying signs of
      regression histologically have a slightly better 5-year disease-free survival,
      this may be attributed to a difference in tumor thickness.

PMID- 6833537
TI  - Factitious cheilitis.
AB  - Six patients (four male and two female) with factitious cheilitis are described.
      All had personality disturbances as well as crusted lip lesions that varied in
      severity from thin serous crusts to thick hemorrhagic crusts. This entity must be
      distinguished from infectious cheilitis, contact cheilitis, actinic cheilitis,
      photosensitivity dermatoses, exfoliative cheilitis, and cheilitis glandularis on
      the basis of the history and laboratory evaluation.

PMID- 6833538
TI  - Decreased release of lysosomal enzymes from peripheral leukocytes of patients
      with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes from fifteen patients with atopic dermatitis and ten
      normal nonatopic volunteers were incubated with various stimuli in vitro, and the
      release of the lysosomal beta-glucuronidase into the supernatant was measured.
      beta-Glucuronidase release was significantly reduced in patients with severe
      atopic dermatitis after stimulation with aggregated IgG, horse antihuman
      lymphocyte globulin (ALG), zymosan, and yeast-activated serum. There was an
      indirect correlation (r = -0.83) between aggregated IgG-induced beta
      glucuronidase release and the intensity of clinical symptoms; however, there was
      no correlation with serum IgE levels. The enzyme release measured was not caused
      by cellular lysis, except for high concentrations of antilymphocyte globulin, as
      determined by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the supernatant. It is
      concluded that lysosomal enzyme release defects might be involved in the well
      known decreased resistance to infections in patients with atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 6833539
TI  - Angry back or the excited skin syndrome. A prospective study.
AB  - Allergens eliciting weak positive reactions were retested to ascertain their
      reproducibility. Weak positive patch test reactions, concomitant to other weak or
      strong positive reactions, were retested after 3 weeks in 61 patients. 79
      reactions were retested; 35 (44.3%) were negative. Allergens which are marginal
      irritants, e.g., formaldehyde, often gave weak positive reactions which were lost
      at retesting. In patients without dermatitis but with several strong positive
      reactions, lost reactions were frequently encountered, suggesting that strong
      reactions induced a state of hyperirritability. False positive reactions were
      often found in the proximity of strong reactions. We attempted to develop a
      nonspecific irritant (sodium lauryl sulfate) as a hyperirritability marker. A
      correlation between the score of this test and false positive reactions was not
      found. It is concluded that weak positive reactions should not be accepted as a
      proof of sensitization. The allergens eliciting these reactions should be
      retested at a later date.

PMID- 6833541
TI  - Vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis.
AB  - In this paper we present what is apparently the tenth published case of vulvitis
      circumscripta plasmacellularis (Zoon). The patient had eroded, red-brown,
      asymptomatic vulvar lesions that were recalcitrant to treatment. The
      characteristic histopathology--dense plasma cell infiltrate and deposition of
      hemosiderin--was present.

PMID- 6833540
TI  - The specific dermatoses of pregnancy.
AB  - The terminology of the specific dermatoses of pregnancy has become increasingly
      confusing, with several names in use for identical clinical disorders. On the
      basis of our own study of sixty-four patients and a review of the literature, we
      propose a simplified classification: (1) herpes gestationis (pemphigoid
      gestationis); (2) polymorphic eruption of pregnancy; (3) prurigo of pregnancy;
      and (4) pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy.

PMID- 6833542
TI  - Vascular abnormalities in lichen aureus.
AB  - Lichen aureus is an infrequently reported subset of the pigmented purpuric
      dermatoses. A review of the English literature suggests the golden to purple
      colored lesions are asymptomatic or mildly pruritic with no regression once
      established. A case report of a 56-year-old man with lichen aureus of the thighs
      is presented. This case is unusual in that the patient had persistent pain at the
      lesion site. Furthermore, increased capillary fragility and koebnerization were
      both demonstrated. Treatment of an asymptomatic urinary tract infection resulted
      in temporary subjective and objective improvement.

PMID- 6833543
TI  - A warty condition of the umbilicus.

PMID- 6833544
TI  - Curettage in combination with cryosurgery.

PMID- 6833545
TI  - Neuropathy after cryosurgery.

PMID- 6833546
TI  - Circle hairs.

PMID- 6833547
TI  - Dialysis and psoriasis.

PMID- 6833548
TI  - Erythema multiforme and ketotifen.

PMID- 6833549
TI  - Topical clindamycin versus systemic tetracycline.

PMID- 6833550
TI  - Unusual treatments for herpesvirus infections. II. Herpes zoster.

PMID- 6833551
TI  - Computed tomography of the pulmonary hilum in patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - In 30 patients with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma, computed
      tomographic (CT) scans of the pulmonary hila, plain radiographs, and medical
      records were reviewed. All had abnormal plain radiographs. The CT findings
      included (a) a local alteration in hilar contour; (b) thickening of the posterior
      wall of the right upper lobe bronchus, bronchus intermedius, or left main
      bronchus; and (c) narrowing, displacement, or obstruction of bronchi. In 24
      patients having fiberoptic bronchoscopy, CT findings of bronchial abnormality
      correlated closely with bronchoscopic findings. In two patients, CT showed a
      bronchial abnormality invisible at bronchoscopy, leading to a positive biopsy. In
      one patient, a bronchial abnormality invisible at CT was visible at bronchoscopy
      and positive on biopsy.

PMID- 6833552
TI  - Gastrointestinal perforation: early diagnosis by computed tomography.
AB  - Five cases of gastrointestinal perforation are presented in which computed
      tomography (CT) successfully demonstrated the abnormalities directly related to
      the perforation. In all cases, CT played a significant role in establishing a
      correct diagnosis, and in four cases permitted precise localization which
      facilitated the surgical approach. We believe that in cases where conventional
      radiographic examinations are not diagnostic, CT is particularly valuable because
      of its superior ability to depict anatomic abnormalities in the mesentery and
      surrounding tissue planes to suggest bowel perforation.

PMID- 6833553
TI  - The fatty liver: pitfalls of the CT and angiographic evaluation of metastatic
      disease.
AB  - Five patients with known primary malignancy demonstrated fatty infiltration of
      the liver on routine computed tomography (CT) examination. Within the diffuse
      fatty infiltration were focal areas of relatively increased beam attenuation in
      four cases. These areas of increased beam attenuation are nonspecific as to
      etiology. Their differential diagnosis is discussed. Since the true extent of the
      neoplastic process may be underestimated by conventional CT and celiac
      angiography, superselective angiography, computed angiotomography, or biopsy is
      required to accurately assess the etiology and the extent of the disease.

PMID- 6833554
TI  - Contrast enhancement in mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes.
AB  - Three cases of lymph nodes in the neck and mediastinum that enhance on
      postcontrast computed tomography are discussed. Correlation with the histology
      demonstrated that all three lymph nodes contained vascular neoplasms.

PMID- 6833555
TI  - CT findings in obstructed upper moieties of duplex kidneys.
AB  - Obstructed upper moiety of a duplex kidney is an uncommon diagnostic problem in
      adults. This is a report on two cases examined by computed tomography (CT) for
      suspected abdominal and suprarenal masses, respectively. Although CT is not the
      primary investigative tool for this condition, the unusual presentations allowed
      us the opportunity of studying the CT appearance.

PMID- 6833557
TI  - CT evaluation of locally advanced carcinoma of the distal colon and rectum.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) correctly identified extraluminal extension in carcinoma
      of the rectum and distal sigmoid in 20 patients who were deemed clinically
      inoperable because of tumor fixation. All patients received preoperative
      radiation therapy and subsequent surgical resection of the tumor. The findings at
      surgery corroborated the presence and location of tumor extension deep to the
      wall of the colon. Based on this preliminary data, further investigation into the
      place of CT in treatment planning of colon carcinomas is indicated.

PMID- 6833558
TI  - Organ and lesion volume measurements with computed tomography.
AB  - Useful clinical information will often result from determinations of organ and
      lesion tissue volumes from measurements of computed tomographic (CT) cross
      sections. This paper discusses simple applications of stereology to volume
      estimations of organs and disease processes. The method is applied to CT sections
      and, for equivalent accuracy, is less time consuming than planimeter or CT
      scanner region of interest outlining and measurements.

PMID- 6833556
TI  - Computed tomography of endometriosis.
AB  - Six examples of pelvic masses due to endometriosis were detected by computed
      tomography (CT) in a group of women aged 30-43. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
      was the chief complaint in four cases. The ileum and rectosigmoid were routinely
      opacified with contrast material prior to examination. Endometriosis exhibited a
      variety of findings including a constricting rectosigmoid mass, a lesion of the
      pelvic side wall, bowel wall implants, and posthysterectomy pelvic masses. There
      was no standard CT density; the lesion near the pelvic side wall appeared solid,
      one cul-de-sac mass appeared solid, and a second had a mixed cystic and solid
      appearance. Discrete adnexal endometriosis appeared as thick-walled cystic masses
      (two cases) or as a simple cyst (one case). Bowel wall involvement and the pelvic
      side wall lesion were not successfully identified by ultrasound. It is concluded
      that CT can play a role in the diagnosis of endometriosis.

PMID- 6833559
TI  - Diatrizoate CT distribution kinetics: a study of human tissue characterization.
AB  - Diatrizoate distribution volume (DDV) is a property of living tissue which
      characterizes the distribution of diatrizoate contrast material within the
      tissue. This study compiles DDV and enhancement data from computed tomography
      (CT) of normal human adults. Tissues examined include liver, spleen, muscle, fat,
      and renal cortex. Four abnormal tissues, a cirrhotic liver, a liver infiltrated
      with metastatic colon carcinoma, and two examples of renal malignant lymphoma,
      were used for comparison. Time-DDV and time-enhancement values were generated for
      the normal tissues after a bolus of intravenous diatrizoate. The CT-DDV appears
      to be a potentially reliable indicator of diffuse organ pathology.

PMID- 6833560
TI  - Computed tomography of the hip joint capsule.
AB  - In 95% of cases, computed tomography (CT) enables the articular capsule of the
      hip joint to be directly visualized. Articular effusion in the hip joint can also
      be recognized in the CT image. In inflammatory arthritis and active
      osteoarthrosis of the hip joint, thickening of the articular capsule or articular
      effusion appears in the CT image. In addition, "undulation" of the articular
      capsule sometimes occurs. However, we have also observed this wavy configuration
      of the hip joint capsule in discrete latent osteoarthrosis of the hip joint. It
      is, therefore, unequivocally indicative of disease only when seen in association
      with articular effusion or thickening of the capsule. Focal fatty accumulation of
      the capsule distinguished from articular capsule tissue by its low density.

PMID- 6833561
TI  - Computed tomography of axial chordomas.
AB  - Preoperative computed tomography (CT) of 19 patients with axial chordomas was
      reviewed. These tumors characteristically feature a well-demarcated paraspinal
      soft tissue mass which is usually anterolaterally situated and has a homogeneous
      density comparable to that of muscle. The soft tissue component is
      disproportionately large compared to the area of bony involvement. Lytic or mixed
      vertebral lesions were noted. Amorphous calcifications that tended to occur at
      the periphery of the tumor were particularly common (89%) in chordomas of the
      sacrum. Epidural extension of tumor was noted in all spinal cases. Although it
      appears that CT studies will generally not enable a specific diagnosis of
      chordoma, the above features should alert the examiner to the possibility of this
      tumor.

PMID- 6833562
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in white matter disease of the brain
      using spin-echo sequences.
AB  - Attention is drawn to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-echo
      sequences in the recognition of white matter disease of the brain. In 5 patients
      with multiple sclerosis, 8 lesions were seen with postcontrast x-ray computed
      tomography (CT) (37.5 g of iodine), 33 with inversion-recovery (IR) scans, and 47
      with spin-echo (SE) scans. Partial volume effects were less of a diagnostic
      difficulty with SE scans than with IR scans. Extensive areas of abnormal white
      matter were seen with CT, IR, and SE scans in a patient with leucodystrophy
      associated with congenital muscular dystrophy. In a patient with
      adrenoleucodystrophy focal lesions were seen with CT, IR, and SE scans. In
      addition, loss of gray-white matter contrast was seen in both occipital lobes
      with IR scans. Extensive areas of white matter involvement were also seen in a
      case of Binswangers disease.

PMID- 6833563
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone treatment on volume and contrast enhancement of
      intracranial neoplasms.
AB  - In a prospective study the effect of dexamethasone treatment on tumor volume and
      contrast enhancement was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) in 15 patients
      with intracranial lesions. Histological diagnoses were confirmed in 13 patients
      who had undergone surgical intervention. A CT study of the head, with and without
      contrast medium, was performed prior to the dexamethasone treatment and at
      various intervals during the treatment for 8-19 days. The volume, attenuation,
      and contrast enhancement of the tumor were measured and related to the time after
      the start of the treatment. In six meningiomas there was no change in the volume
      and enhancement of the tumors. Out of four gliomas, there was an increase in
      volume of two tumors, whereas the other two cases showed a decrease in the tumor
      volume. In one glioma a distinct decrease in enhancement was observed. In three
      cases of metastasis a decrease in enhancement and tumor volume was noted. An
      acoustic neurinoma and an unverified lesion, considered radiologically to be a
      glioma, also showed a decrease in tumor volume and contrast enhancement. In
      tumors that responded to the treatment, a decrease both in volume of the tumor
      and peritumoral brain edema as well as a decrease in contrast enhancement of the
      tumor were observed.

PMID- 6833564
TI  - Intraparenchymal fluid-blood level: a CT sign of recent intracerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - Intraparenchymal fluid-blood level was demonstrated on computed tomography (CT)
      of seven patients with recent intracerebral hemorrhage not associated with either
      a cystic lesion or tumor. Mechanisms that may explain the CT appearance are
      discussed.

PMID- 6833565
TI  - Towne (half-axial) and semisagittal computed tomography in the evaluation of blow
      out fractures of the orbit.
AB  - Three cases of blow-out fractures of the orbit were evaluated by Towne and
      semisagittal computed tomography (CT). The Towne CT well delineated the inferior
      rectus muscle, the orbital floor, and the entrapped orbital contents, including a
      bony fragment in the maxillary sinus. The semisagittal CT plane was optimal for
      lateral delineation of the orbit, although there is need for improvement in the
      head positioning and gantry width. Postoperative recovery of impaired eye
      movements was related to CT findings.

PMID- 6833566
TI  - Computed tomography in evaluation of gunshot wounds of the spine.
AB  - Seven patients with gunshot wounds to the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine
      were evaluated with conventional radiography, complex motion tomography, and
      computed tomography (CT). Computed tomography was better than complex motion
      tomography or conventional radiography for the assessment of the presence of
      fracture(s), bony and metallic fragments, and associated soft tissue injuries. In
      each case CT provided additional information not available by the other
      techniques.

PMID- 6833567
TI  - Low density in the posterior portion of the lumbar disk: a new CT finding in disk
      herniations.
AB  - The author describes a new computed tomographic finding associated with disk
      herniation--a low density in the posterior aspect of the disk, usually having a
      crescentic shape. This low density probably represents an area of fluid or blood
      accumulation within the annulus fibrosus caused by tearing of fibers in the
      annulus and an associated injury to the adjacent cartilage plate which opens into
      the spongiosa. Observation of this finding should support the diagnosis of a
      herniated nucleus pulposus.

PMID- 6833569
TI  - CT diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated nodular thickening with calcification in
      the anterior and lateral tracheal walls of a patient with tracheobronchopathia
      osteochondroplastica. The CT findings in this rare disease are pathognomonic.

PMID- 6833568
TI  - CT diagnosis of broncholithiasis.
AB  - Computed tomography clearly demonstrated broncholithiasis rather than suspected
      malignancy as the cause of segmental atelectasis of the right middle lobe.
      Possible technical limitations as a source of error are presented.

PMID- 6833570
TI  - Gastric duplication in an adult.
AB  - Congenital alimentary duplications occur most commonly in relation to the ileum
      and are rare in the region of the stomach. A case of gastric duplication
      presenting in an adult and visualized on computed tomography is reported.

PMID- 6833571
TI  - CT appearance of adult intussusception.
AB  - A computed tomographic evaluation of adult ileocolic intussusception secondary to
      polypoid adenocarcinoma is presented. The observed tapering homogeneous
      peripheral mantle and mixed density core may be characteristic for this entity.

PMID- 6833572
TI  - Mesenteric Castleman tumor.
AB  - Computed tomography in a case of mesenteric Castleman tumor showed a well
      circumscribed homogeneous soft tissue density mass with moderate contrast
      enhancement after injection of contrast material. These findings correlate well
      with previously reported mediastinal Castleman tumors.

PMID- 6833573
TI  - Renal replacement lipomatosis.

PMID- 6833574
TI  - Lateral displacement of the right kidney by the ascending colon.
AB  - A case of lateral displacement of the lower pole of the right kidney caused by an
      interposing ascending colon is presented. An interposition of this kind is rare
      and does not cause any gastrointestinal symptoms but is of differential
      diagnostic importance. In this case computed tomography was a simple noninvasive
      procedure for correct diagnosis.

PMID- 6833575
TI  - Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis: cause of bladder mass.

PMID- 6833576
TI  - Obturator hernia.
AB  - A case of an obturator hernia preoperatively diagnosed by computed tomography is
      reported and the literature reviewed. The diagnosis is based on demonstration of
      bowel located between the pectineus muscle and the external obturator muscle.
      Proximal bowel obstruction may also be present.

PMID- 6833577
TI  - Symmetric bithalamic and striatal hemorrhage following perinatal hypoxia in a
      term infant.
AB  - A full-term infant who demonstrated a prolonged period of obtundation following
      asphyxia at birth was found on cranial computed tomography (CT) to have
      hemorrhage limited exclusively to symmetric bithalamic and striatal areas. This
      pattern of discrete, symmetric nuclear hemorrhage has not so far been reported as
      a complication of birth asphyxia. It differs from the germinal matrix hemorrhage
      on one hand in having a later time of onset (between the 4th and 10th day of
      life). It is also distinct from the more common supratentorial parenchymal
      hemorrhages in full-term infants owing to its topography, consequent interruption
      of the thalamocortical arousal mechanisms, and prolonged period of obtundation.

PMID- 6833578
TI  - Evolution of pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis.
AB  - We report on the serial computed tomographic (CT) changes in the brainstem and
      cerebral hemispheres of a woman with autopsy-proven pontine and extrapontine
      myelinolysis who survived for 14 months. The earliest finding was diffuse
      decreased attenuation values of the gray matter resulting in poor gray-white
      matter differentiation. Anterior temporal lobe involvement, a finding not
      previously reported, was demonstrated on CT and confirmed by neuropathologic
      examination.

PMID- 6833579
TI  - CT observation of an ongoing intracerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - A case of an ongoing intracerebral hemorrhage observed on noncontrast computed
      tomographic scans is described. Early high attenuation values of the extravasated
      blood are reported.

PMID- 6833580
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri: computed tomography of resolving papilledema.

PMID- 6833581
TI  - Congenital orbital teratoma.
AB  - Computed tomography and plain film findings in a neonate with a congenital
      orbital teratoma are presented. The characteristic radiographic findings of this
      rare tumor are discussed, and the value of preoperative CT assessment of tumor
      extension is stressed.

PMID- 6833582
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone.
AB  - A case of giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone is reported, the first case in
      which a computed tomogram is available. The radiologic features of the neoplasm
      resembled both pituitary adenoma and parasellar meningioma, but with more bone
      destruction. It is appropriate to consider this lesion in the differential
      diagnosis of a parasellar mass in a teenage or young adult patient when extensive
      bone destruction is present.

PMID- 6833583
TI  - Esophagopleural fistula.

PMID- 6833584
TI  - Computer technique for monitoring time dependent changes from sequential CT
      images.
AB  - The sequential computed tomography (CT) images used in this manuscript are
      electrocardiogram-gated images of the same cross section of the heart (10 in this
      study) depicting one cardiac cycle from end-diastole to the next end-diastole.
      Each of these 10 reconstructions corresponds to 10% intervals extending from one
      R wave to the next R wave. When each image of the series of 10 images is assigned
      a consecutive table position, using the program for sagittal reconstructions a
      chronogram along any line through the X-Y plane of the left ventricular (LV) wall
      can be produced. The chronograms display changes in wall thickness and wall
      motion in relation to time throughout the cardiac cycle at a preselected site in
      the LV and can be used to demonstrate the LV myocardial response to
      perturbations. This technique adds the dimension of time to spatial information
      in the CT images and can be used to monitor cardiac physiology in a quantitative
      fashion.

PMID- 6833585
TI  - Effects of dietary fat on amounts of cholesterol transported by mesenteric lymph
      in calves fed milk.
AB  - Five nonruminating male calves were prepared surgically with shunts from
      mesenteric lymph duct to posterior vena cava and sequentially were fed diets of
      reconstituted skim milk and skim milk plus supplemental cholesterol plus soybean
      oil, beef tallow, or milk fat. Calves received skim milk for 2 days, followed by
      the other diets for 4 days each in a predetermined order. On the 2nd and 4th day
      each diet was fed, lymph was collected hourly for 8 h, starting 1 h before the
      morning feeding. Cholesterol transported in lymph increased markedly in the hour
      after feeding and then declined rapidly but to quantities still greater than pre
      feeding. Average cholesterol in lymph was 1.7, 2.8, 3.7, and 4.2 mg/(h X kg body
      weight) for the skim milk, soybean oil, tallow, and milk fat diets. No difference
      was significant between 2nd and 4th day totals for each diet. Because cholesterol
      rate of flow quickly responded to new diets and stabilized within 2 days, this
      technique permitted evaluation of effects of dissimilar dietary fats upon amounts
      of cholesterol and triglyceride transported by mesenteric lymph.

PMID- 6833586
TI  - Climatological and genetic effects on milk composition and yield.
AB  - Results confirm most other research on milk composition and yield. All responses
      were affected by climate, some considerably more than others, if percent of error
      variance is the criterion. Jersey yields were less sensitive to climate than were
      Holstein, but Jersey milk composition appeared more sensitive. Somatic cell count
      (REF), a measure of mastitis, was affected by climate but less than all other
      variables except protein/fat and LM%. Needed are estimates of interactions
      between climatic effects and response surface models to quantify possible
      improvement in performance following environmental modification. Genetic
      correlations between milk yield and REF and chloride % suggest that single trait
      selection for milk yield might increase incidence of mastitis although phenotypic
      correlations indicate that high yields and absence of mastitis are correlated.

PMID- 6833587
TI  - Genetic and environmental effects influencing Guernsey type classification
      scores.
AB  - American Guernsey Cattle Club type classification scores from 1956 through 1977
      were examined. Herd explained 7 to 15%, year 1 to 9%, and herd-year 9 to 23% of
      variation in type traits. Age was important for most traits, increasing variation
      explained beyond a herd-year model by 1 to 7%. Month of classification and
      classifier increased multiple correlation squared beyond the herd plus year model
      by .5% or less for all traits. Two-way interactions between age, month of
      classification, and classifier were small. Repeatabilities were 26 to 49%. Age
      correction factors were developed. Heritabilities of .30 for final score, .23 for
      general appearance, .19 for dairy character, .30 for body capacity, and .19 for
      mammary system were estimated from 23,072 daughter-dam pairs. Other
      heritabilities ranged from .13 for suspensory ligament to .43 for stature.
      Genetic correlations with final score were 1.00 for general appearance, .78 for
      dairy character, .75 for body capacity, and .74 for mammary system and ranged
      from .65 to .80 for other subtraits. Phenotypic correlations with final score
      were .89 for general appearance, .63 for dairy character, .56 for body capacity,
      and .67 for mammary system and ranged from .40 to .64 for other subtraits.

PMID- 6833588
TI  - Modified contemporary comparison sire evaluations from first, all, and later
      lactations.
AB  - Modified Contemporary Comparisons are calculated by the United States Department
      of Agriculture from first and later lactations, results of which form the
      published progeny evaluations for all lactations. Characteristics of such
      evaluations on 200 Holstein sires, each with more than 500 daughters in each data
      set in the Summer 1981 run, were studied. Predicted Differences for milk averaged
      245, 286, and 292 kg for first, all, and later lactation evaluations, with
      standard deviations of 271, 253, and 254 kg. The average difference (later minus
      first) was 47 kg (standard deviation, 149 kg). Average absolute difference was
      123 kg (standard deviation, 97 kg). Correlations were .95 between first and all,
      .84 between first and later, and .97 between all and later. The correlation
      between progeny test for first lactation and difference was -.38 (-.28 for
      absolute difference). Percent of first lactations culled was correlated -.49, 
      .47, and -.37 for first, all, and later evaluations. Important variables in
      prediction of later lactations were first, percent of firsts culled, and sire's
      age, with first alone producing a coefficient of determination of .71. Sire's age
      was correlated -.11, -.19, and -.23 with first, all, and later evaluations
      indicating possible differences in genetic trend for first and later progeny
      tests for these sires. Fat yield behaved similarly to milk except that
      correlations between progeny tests and sire's age or culling were less than for
      milk. Ranking of bulls for daughter milk yield in later lactation changed from
      first lactation.

PMID- 6833589
TI  - Cow evaluation at different milk yields of herds.
AB  - Herds with higher milk production per cow tend to have used bulls with larger
      Predicted Differences and to have larger Cow Indexes. A larger portion of cows in
      these herds should attain elite status for production than in herds with lower
      production. However, even when average sire merit was similar, higher producing
      herds had substantially more elite cows, apparently because standard deviation of
      deviated production of cows is greater in herds with high milk production. This
      suggested that cow deviation in high producing herds may receive too much weight
      in the Cow Index. However, higher heritabilities likely are appropriate for cows
      in higher producing herds, which would favor weighting deviation more in high
      producing herds. Adjustments for these two effects would offset each other at
      least partially. Cow Indexes adjusted for either or both effects had similar
      correlations with son or daughter performance as did the current Cow Index that
      considers neither effect. Although high producing herds have more elite cows than
      can be justified by average sire merit, some of the apparent advantage may be
      justifiable by larger heritabilities.

PMID- 6833590
TI  - Efficacy of low concentration iodophor teat dips against Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6833591
TI  - Reproductive physiology. Female and male reproduction.

PMID- 6833592
TI  - Growth of guinea pig mammary glands through their first six lactations.
AB  - Guinea pigs were killed on day 5 of lactation. Each of lactations one through six
      was represented by six animals. Body weight was measured, and mammary glands were
      removed. Wet weight of mammary gland, dry weight of fat-free tissue, and weight
      and percent (relative to dry fat-free tissue) of deoxyribonucleic acid,
      ribonucleic acid, and hydroxyproline were measured. Collagen and noncollagenous
      dry fat-free tissues were estimated. Body weight increased from 800 g in first
      lactation to 1035 g in fifth and 975 g in sixth lactation. Mammary wet weight
      increased quadratically from 20 g for first lactation to 31 g for fifth and 26 g
      for sixth lactation. Dry fat-free tissue followed a similar pattern, increasing
      from 2330 mg first lactation to 3647 mg fifth and 3242 mg sixth lactation.
      Deoxyribonucleic acid rose linearly from 70 mg first lactation to 121 mg fifth
      and 110 sixth lactation. Ribonucleic acid followed a similar pattern, increasing
      from 182 mg first lactation to 289 mg sixth lactation. Ratio of ribonucleic acid
      to deoxyribonucleic acid was constant at 2.2. Amount of collagen was also
      constant at 257 mg. However, percent collagen decreased linearly from 12% first
      lactation to 7.1% sixth lactation. Mammary gland increases in size over
      subsequent lactations to five and then decreases slightly. The increase is not of
      connective tissue or stroma, as measured by hydroxyproline, but is an increase in
      parenchyma or cells involved with milk secretion and harvest.

PMID- 6833593
TI  - Effect of dietary concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrate on energy and
      nitrogen metabolism and milk production of dairy cows.
AB  - Two complete blended diets with a ratio of concentrate: silage dry matter of
      60:40 were fed to 12 Holstein cows in the first 12 wk of lactation in an
      incomplete changeover arrangement of treatments. Diets differed (dry basis) in
      content of total nonstructural carbohydrate (24.9% versus 32.9%), neutral
      detergent fiber (37.0% versus 32.1%), and hemicellulose (19.6% versus 15.7%) but
      were similar in amounts of lignin, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, and acid
      detergent insoluble nitrogen. The diet with more total nonstructural carbohydrate
      was associated with greater dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight and
      greater yields of milk and solids-not-fat. Cellulose digestibility and mean rumen
      ammonia concentration were lower with this diet. Despite similar protein
      solubilities, the diet with more total nonstructural carbohydrate contained more
      rumen degradable nitrogen (80% versus 60%) but similar amounts of rumen
      degradable dry matter (82% versus 79%). The metabolizable energy of this diet was
      used more efficiently for the combined functions of maintenance and production,
      and net energy for lactation was larger (2.2 versus 1.9 Mcal/kg dry matter), as
      measured calorimetrically.

PMID- 6833594
TI  - Influence of reducing dietary crude protein from 17 to 13.5 percent on early
      lactation.
AB  - A total of 117 Holstein cows were in two trials to determine how reduction in
      concentration of dietary protein influences early lactation. Treatments were
      feeding 17% crude protein for 3 mo or reducing dietary crude protein from 17 to
      13.5% after 1st or 2nd mo postpartum. Results were similar in both trials.
      Reducing concentration of dietary crude protein to 13.5% at 1 mo postpartum
      tended to decrease intake of dry matter during the 2nd and 3rd mo of lactation.
      Milk production of multiparous, but not primiparous cows, was decreased. Dry
      matter intake and milk production did not decrease following a drop in
      concentration of dietary protein at 2 mo postpartum. Returns over feed costs were
      reduced by feeding the diet with 17% crude protein to primiparous cows longer
      than 1 mo or to multiparous cows longer than 2 mo postpartum. Milk composition,
      body weight change, and reproductive performance were not affected by treatment.

PMID- 6833595
TI  - Net volatile fatty acid absorption in nonlactating holstein cows.
AB  - Net absorption of volatile fatty acids was measured in four nonlactating Holstein
      cows fed orchardgrass-clover silage ad libitum and 50 g trace mineralized salt
      daily. Cows ranged in age from 2 to 4 yr and in body weight from 326 to 525 kg.
      Portal blood flow and volatile fatty acid concentrations of portal and arterial
      plasma were determined at 30-min (three cows) or 90-min (one cow) intervals for
      about 12 h. Mean portal blood flow was 836 liters/h. Mean volatile fatty acid
      concentrations of portal plasma and differences of portal-arterial concentrations
      were (mM): acetate 2.00, .67; propionate .264, .228; isobutyrate .022, .017; n
      butyrate .057, .038; 2-methylbutyrate .017, .014; 3-methylbutyrate .007, .005;
      and n-valerate .012, .008. Mean net volatile fatty acid absorption was 682
      mmol/h. Acetate and propionate accounted for 91% of net volatile fatty acid
      absorption on a molar basis and 85% on an energy basis. Net energy absorbed as
      volatile fatty acid was 5.43 Mcal/cow per day, which was about 35% of calculated
      metabolizable energy intake. Portal blood flow was maximal 1.5 h postfeeding, and
      net volatile fatty acid absorption was maximal 2.5 h postfeeding.

PMID- 6833596
TI  - Effect of processing upon concentration and distribution of natural and iodophor
      derived iodine in milk.
AB  - Cream removal, pasteurization, and spray-drying of milk did not affect
      concentration of either natural or iodophor-derived iodine, as measured by both
      chemical and electrode methods, although electrode results were significantly
      higher. The use of iodine-131 labeled iodophor showed that only .02% of iodine
      was lost from milk on boiling and that 3.4% of iodophor-iodine became associated
      with milk casein.

PMID- 6833597
TI  - Age and previous lactations as factors in the amount of bovine colostral
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - Blood and colostrum samples were obtained from 87 dairy cows in five lactation
      groups and analyzed for immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A. The five groups ranged
      from cows in first lactation, about 30 mo of age, to cows in fifth or more
      lactation, about 84 mo of age. Compared to older groups, blood serum of cows in
      first lactation contained less G1. Cows in first lactation also produced less
      total colostrum containing less total G1, G2, and M. Immunoglobulin G1 comprised
      over two-thirds of the immunoglobulins in the colostrum of all groups. Older cows
      had more immunoglobulin G1 in their colostrum with a tendency toward a higher
      ratio of G1 to G2. Amount of immunoglobulin A was constant through all
      lactations. After a rise in the second lactation, total amount of immunoglobulins
      G2 and M tended to level off. Total immunoglobulin G1 tended to reach a maximum
      in the third or fourth lactation, almost doubling in amount compared to the first
      lactation. Age and number of lactations are factors correlated with amounts of
      these immunoglobulins in colostrum.

PMID- 6833598
TI  - Factors associated with edema of the mammary gland in primigravid dairy heifers.
AB  - The severity and anatomical extent of mammary edema (edema) of 73 primigravid
      Holstein heifers was scored, and certain hormones in peripheral blood plasma were
      quantified. The objective was to obtain by least-squares analysis of covariance
      independent estimates of the association of each hormone and other factors with
      edema scores around first calving. Mammary edema prepartum increased with age of
      heifer and gestation length, decreased as calf birthweight increased, but was
      unrelated to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and photoperiod. The increase
      in edema during the last week of pregnancy was accounted for by associations with
      prepartum concentrations of hormones in plasma. The independent estimates of
      hormonal relationships to edema score prepartum were positive for plasma estrone
      and estradiol-17 alpha and were negative for plasma estradiol-17 beta and
      progesterone. Plasma prolactin was not related to edema score. After parturition,
      estradiol-17 beta was the only independent variable associated (negatively) with
      edema. The results indicate a complicated interaction among the sex steroids of
      late pregnancy wherein some steroids may promote edema and other steroids may
      inhibit edema in heifers.

PMID- 6833599
TI  - Estrous intensity and conception rates in Holsteins.
AB  - During 34 mo, 732 inseminations were evaluated in Holstein cows and heifers of
      breeding age. Females were submitted for insemination after detection of either
      1) standing estrus, 2) mounting activity, or 3) other subtle symptoms of estrus
      (clear mucus, general appearance of genitalia or tailhead, and excessive
      vocalization). Conception rates were similar following standing estrus and
      mounting activity (50 versus 46%). Although higher conception rates occurred
      following standing or mounting activity than after detection of subtle estrous
      symptoms, one of three inseminations resulted in conception after insemination in
      the latter group. Clear mucus in half of the females upon cervical manipulation
      at insemination was associated with higher conception. Service number, age, and
      maximum ambient temperature on day of insemination also affected conception
      rates. Methods of thawing semen, ease of cervix penetration at insemination,
      service sire, inseminator, and time of estrous detection and insemination had
      little effect on fertility. Acceptable conception rates were achieved with more
      liberal interpretation of estrous symptoms.

PMID- 6833600
TI  - Variances, repeatabilities, and age adjustments of yield and fertility in dairy
      cattle.
AB  - Breeding receipts from artificial insemination were matched with records of milk
      yield from northeastern United States. Nine measures of yield and 10 measures of
      fertility were investigated. A completely random model with herd-year-season,
      sire, and interaction of sire by herd-year-season was applied by parity;
      interaction of sire by herd-year-season was not important except possibly for
      fertility of virgin heifers. Sires accounted for 6 to 7% of yield variation and
      herd-year-seasons accounted for about 45%. Measures of fertility had small sire
      variances, and herd-year-season variance was much smaller than for yield. Effects
      of age within parity were significant for yield from ordinary least-squares
      analysis. Age adjustment factors were obtained for measures of yield.
      Repeatabilities of first- and second-parity yield ranged from .40 to .61 whereas
      repeatabilities of fertility were .03 to .13. Repeatabilities of virgin heifer
      and first-parity fertility were .01 to .03, suggesting heifer and cow fertility
      may not be related.

PMID- 6833601
TI  - Yield and fertility relationships in dairy cattle.
AB  - Measures of yield and fertility were obtained from breeding receipts of
      artificial insemination and records of test-day yield. Estimates of heritability
      were by Henderson Method 3, maximum likelihood, and restricted maximum
      likelihood. Heritabilities for measures of yield varied, but most were within the
      range of earlier estimates. Measures of fertility had heritabilities from 0 to
      .03. Alternative upper bounds were placed on days open, number of services, and
      service period, and always the measure with the lesser bound had higher
      heritability for first parity. Measures of yield for early stages of lactation
      had slight positive phenotypic correlations with fertility whereas those for
      measures of cumulative yield later in lactation increased in relation to effect
      of gestation. Genetic correlations of first-parity yield and most measures of
      fertility were positive and less influenced by stage of lactation than phenotypic
      correlations. Antagonism moderated for second parity. Most genetic correlations
      were not significantly different from zero for third parity. Considerable genetic
      antagonism of yield and fertility may be of limited consequence because estimates
      of genetic variance of fertility were near zero.

PMID- 6833602
TI  - Association of heifer fertility with cow fertility and yield in dairy cattle.
AB  - Genetic correlations of heifer fertility and first-parity yield usually were
      negative and opposite in sign from genetic correlations of first-parity fertility
      and yield. Most estimates of genetic correlation between heifer and first-parity
      fertility were not significantly different from zero. Increasing yield may
      improve genetic potential for fertility, but stress of increased yield may
      overcome genetic potential for improved fertility. Days open and 305-day yield
      for first parity were considered with index selection; sires were evaluated on
      daughter performance. Days open had a small influence on the selection index;
      genetic gains in days open for first parity were largely offset by correlated
      losses in service period for heifers. Restricted index selection, holding days
      open constant, required considerable economic importance of days open.

PMID- 6833604
TI  - Vermilionectomy for squamous-cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6833603
TI  - Modified contemporary comparisons for first and second lactations in the same and
      different herds.
AB  - Separate sire evaluations by Modified Contemporary Comparison for first and
      second lactations were calculated for 200 widely used Holstein bulls from a file
      containing only first or second records of all daughters and from two independent
      subsets of the same data. Sire evaluations based on both first and second
      lactations also were computed. Correlations between first lactation evaluations
      in one independent data set and second lactation evaluations in the other were
      .87 and .84. First lactation evaluations accounted for only about 75% of the
      variation in second record evaluations, suggesting a need for some form of later
      record sire evaluation, at least for the selection of sires of sons. Within sire,
      daughter variation for first records was not useful in predicting difference
      between first and second record sire evaluations. Second lactation evaluations
      increased relative to firsts as culling increased, suggesting culling bias in
      Modified Contemporary Comparisons for later records. An adjustment based on an
      empirical regression of later records on firsts produced second evaluations with
      means and standard deviations nearly identical to those of first records.
      Correlations between first and adjusted second evaluations were .87 for both
      independent data sets. Difference between adjusted second and first evaluations
      were correlated .15 with culling, compared to .25 for unadjusted seconds.
      Important sire differences in first and second lactation evaluations were
      detected in all data sets. Such differences were unaltered by adjustment for
      selection.

PMID- 6833605
TI  - Basal-cell carcinomas of the scalp (reprise)

PMID- 6833606
TI  - Cyro corner. A cryoprobe for the therapy of linear keloid.

PMID- 6833607
TI  - Surgical gem. modification of surgical gloves to prevent exposure to hepatitis
      during hair transplantation surgery.

PMID- 6833608
TI  - Stump the experts. Differential diagnosis of penile hemangioma.

PMID- 6833609
TI  - Tumor conference #46 Merkel-cell carcinoma of the skin.

PMID- 6833610
TI  - A new primary wound dressing made of polyethylene oxide gel.
AB  - Vigilon is a new primary wound dressing consisting of 96% water and polyethylene
      oxide. This moisture-containing, occlusive dressing absorbs its own weight in
      wound exudate and allows free transfer of oxygen. It is non-adherent and appears
      to promote better wound healing than that reported by other occlusive dressings,
      making it an ideal dressing for a wide variety of dermatologic surgery.

PMID- 6833611
TI  - Change of direction of hair growth.

PMID- 6833612
TI  - Basal-cell carcinoma arising in a burn scar: case report.

PMID- 6833613
TI  - Chemosurgical reports: frozen-section processing with the Miami special.

PMID- 6833615
TI  - Leiomyoma cutis and leiomyosarcoma: a 10-year study and a short review.
AB  - Thirty-five cases of leiomyoma cutis (LMC) and 3 cases of leiomyosarcoma (LMS)
      were studied from the files of the Department of Pathology of the National
      Medical Center in El Salvador over a 10-year period. The LMC incidence was 0.04%
      and the LMS incidence was 0.003% (1 LMC for every 2,438.6 biopsies and 1 LMS for
      every 28,499.6 biopsies); 74.28% of the LMC occurred in females and 25.7% in
      males, with a ratio of 2.8 to 1. The average age was 32.1 in a range of 3 to 80
      years. The higher frequency occurred in persons in their forties; 28.5% appeared
      on the upper limbs, 22.8% on the face, 20% on the thorax, 20% on the lower limbs,
      2.8% in the perineal region, and 5.7% were of an unknown localization. In all
      cases, a solitary tumor was present. Microscopically, 88.5% corresponded to the
      pilar type, 8.5% were angioleiomyomas, and 3% were dartoic myomas. LMS occurred
      in 2 women and 1 man, affecting cheek, thigh, and back, and in 1 case, osseous
      metastasis occurred.

PMID- 6833616
TI  - Radical excision and reconstruction of axillary skin.
AB  - Radical excision and reconstruction of axillary skin is an excellent surgical
      therapy for a selected group of patients: those for whom all attempts at medical
      management have been unsuccessful. Each patient should be adequately prepared
      with an extended discussion of the operation, probable postoperative course, and
      expected result. This operation, when carefully performed in properly selected
      patients, can produce satisfying results for both patient and doctor. Technical
      considerations, dressings and postoperative care, and complications are
      discussed. Three case reports are presented.

PMID- 6833614
TI  - Tumor conference #47. Giant nevus lipomatosus.

PMID- 6833617
TI  - Clinical behavior of 100 cutaneous malignant melanomas.
AB  - The last 100 patients with malignant melanoma were studied following actual
      methodology, with these results: mean age at diagnosis was 55.3 years; mean age
      at the beginning of disease was 51.8 years. Lesions were more frequent in
      patients with pale skin; there was no predominance of any color of eyes. Forty
      nine percent of the patients were referred with a previous nevus which was
      confirmed only in 7%. One tumor developed on a giant pigmentary congenital nevus.
      Lesions showed no preponderance in one sex. Four percent of patients had multiple
      lesions. Familial background was found in 5%. The localization was most often to
      the head and neck, trunk, and legs. The most frequent types were SSMM and NMM;
      the first one on trunk and the second one on legs. The SSMM was observed in
      younger people than NMM. Level IV was seen in the greatest number of cases, with
      an average thickness of 3.07 mm. In SSMM, level III predominated, while in NMM,
      level IV predominated. The average thickness of SSMM was 1.82 mm; that of NMM was
      6.25 mm. Our data are representative of malignant melanoma in Argentina. Therapy
      and evolution of lesions will be analyzed with an appropriate long-term follow
      up.

PMID- 6833619
TI  - Relationship of reading achievement to verbal processing abilities.

PMID- 6833618
TI  - The Shaw Scalpel.
AB  - The Shaw Scalpel is a new relatively inexpensive electric scalpel that produces
      cold-steel scalpel accuracy with instant coagulation of most blood vessels
      encountered in dermatologic surgery. It surely will become a favorite instrument
      for dermatologic surgeons.

PMID- 6833620
TI  - Development of word identification speed in skilled and less skilled beginning
      readers.

PMID- 6833621
TI  - Influences on the sociometric ratings of mildly handicapped children: a path
      analysis.

PMID- 6833622
TI  - Amrinone--promising innovation for treatment of the failing heart.

PMID- 6833623
TI  - Treatment and outcome of the severely head injured child.
AB  - Twenty-four children (aged 3 months to 14 years) with severe head injuries were
      treated by means of invasive neurointensive care for normalizing intracranial
      pressure (ICP) involving hyperventilation, control of body temperature,
      dexamethasone, barbiturates and continuous intracranial and arterial pressure
      monitoring. The Glasgow Coma Scale before initiation of treatment was 3-4 in 8, 5
      6 in 9 and 7 in 7 patients. Moderately to severely elevated ICP was observed in
      20 patients. Seven developed acute and subacute space occupying intracranial
      hematomas. Nineteen children (79%) survived, most often with good recovery and 5
      (21%) died. Severely elevated ICP, presence of severe consumption coagulopathy
      and loss of components in brain auditory evoked potentials were significantly
      more frequent in the fatal group. We conclude that the prognosis of the severely
      head injured child can be improved by prompt resuscitation and aggressive
      neurointensive care but probably not, however, to the extent postulated in recent
      literature.

PMID- 6833624
TI  - Antipyretic therapy with diclofenac sodium. Observations on effect and serious
      side effects in critically ill patients.
AB  - The antipyretic activity of diclofenac sodium, 100 mg suppository was studied
      retrospectively in 21 applications in seven intensive care patients. Diclofenac
      sodium proved to be a very potent antipyretic agent with serious side effects.
      Acute oliguria and protracted circulatory shock occurred after administration,
      necessitating the administration of increasing amounts of dopamine and i.v.
      fluids. Possible mechanisms involved are discussed.

PMID- 6833625
TI  - Intravenous infusion device artifact in the EEG-confusion in the diagnosis of
      electrocerebral silence.
AB  - Intravenous infusion devices are routinely used in the intensive care unit to
      accurately regulate the delivery of various intravenous fluids and vasoactive
      drugs. These devices have been well described in the literature as the cause of
      various electrocardiographic artifacts. There has been little documentation in
      the literature implicating these devices as the etiology of artifacts in the
      electroencephalogram. The association of intravenous infusion devices with
      electroencephalographic artifacts became relevant during the brain death
      evaluation of two patients. The electroencephalograms, which were done for
      documentation of electrocerebral silence clearly showed activity in both patients
      which disappeared when the intravenous infusion devices were stopped. Possible
      mechanisms responsible for producing these artifacts include piezoelectric
      current, poor electrode contact, inadequate skin preparation, current leakage,
      static charges and electromagnetic activity. In the evaluation of patients for
      electrocerebral silence, it is important to both recognize and eliminate this
      artifact so that it is not confused with true electrocerebral activity.

PMID- 6833626
TI  - Acute cyanide poisoning: recovery with non-specific supportive therapy.

PMID- 6833628
TI  - The effect of sexual victimization on sexual satisfaction: a study of the
      negative-association hypothesis.

PMID- 6833627
TI  - A hypothermic regime for acute respiratory failure.
AB  - A sixteen month old girl developed acute respiratory failure from pulmonary
      oedema, and acute circulatory failure, following postoperative laryngeal
      obstruction. Her condition deteriorated despite mechanical ventilation with PEEP.
      She was finally treated with a combination of mild hypothermia, profound muscle
      paralysis and deep sedation for five days, after which she made a full recovery.
      This case confirms the previously reported value of such therapy when standard
      measures fail.

PMID- 6833629
TI  - Cognitive assessment of depression: reliability and validity of three measures.

PMID- 6833630
TI  - Features that distinguish the smooth-pursuit eye-tracking performance of
      schizophrenic, affective-disorder, and normal individuals.

PMID- 6833631
TI  - Signal detection in vigilance tasks and behavioral attributes among offspring of
      schizophrenic mothers and among hyperactive children.

PMID- 6833632
TI  - The psychoanalytic theory of depression: symptoms as a function of aggressive
      wishes and level of field articulation.

PMID- 6833633
TI  - Anxiety increases sexual arousal.

PMID- 6833634
TI  - Sexual arousal to rape depictions: individual differences.

PMID- 6833636
TI  - Summer in the city: urban weather conditions and psychiatric emergency-room
      visits.

PMID- 6833635
TI  - Mothers' personal social networks and child maltreatment.

PMID- 6833637
TI  - Hypnosis, absorption, and time perception.

PMID- 6833638
TI  - Differential improvement of cognitive functions in recovering alcoholic women.

PMID- 6833639
TI  - Attributions and depressive mood shifts: a case study using the symptom-context
      method.

PMID- 6833641
TI  - Atrial transport function in coronary artery disease: relation to left
      ventricular function.
AB  - The atrial contribution to ventricular stroke volume was evaluated in 50 patients
      with coronary artery disease and found to be related to left ventricular
      function. All patients underwent complete hemodynamic and angiographic studies.
      Angiographic volume studies were utilized to determine atrial contribution to the
      stroke volume, end-systolic volume and ejection fraction. In 11 patients without
      heart disease, atrial contribution to stroke volume was (mean value +/- standard
      deviation) 9.3 +/- 6 ml/m2 compared with 13.5 +/- 6 ml/m2 in the patients with
      coronary disease (probability [p] less than 0.05). The percent of atrial
      contribution to stroke volume was 20 +/- 7 and 33 +/- 11%, respectively, in
      normal subjects and patients with coronary disease (p less than 0.05). The
      combination of congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly was the only clinical
      aspect associated with a significantly higher (p less than 0.05) atrial
      contribution to stroke volume than that in the remaining patients with coronary
      disease (46 versus 31%). Relating the atrial contribution to stroke volume to the
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, stroke volume, end-systolic volume and
      ejection fraction revealed correlation coefficients of 0.30, -0.44, 0.56 and 
      0.64, respectively. No patient with a normal ejection fraction (greater than
      0.50) had an atrial contribution greater than 40% of stroke volume. The ratio of
      peak left ventricular systolic pressure/end-systolic volume (mm Hg/ml) was 2.7 +/
      1.5 in patients (n = 14) with an atrial contribution greater than 40% of stroke
      volume compared with 5.3 +/- 3.4 in patients having an atrial contribution of 40%
      or less (p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that atrial contribution to
      stroke volume is inversely related to left ventricular function.

PMID- 6833642
TI  - Aortic stenosis and rupture of mitral chordae tendineae.
AB  - Ten patients with aortic stenosis and ruptured mitral chordae tendineae
      constituted 8% of 125 consecutive surgical cases of chordal rupture. Their ages
      ranged from 54 to 87 years (mean 68). Six patients presented with acute onset of
      congestive heart failure, and eight were in New York Heart Association functional
      class III or IV at the time of cardiac catheterization. Extensive mitral anulus
      calcification was observed by fluoroscopy in seven patients. The mean aortic
      valve area index was 0.4 cm2/m2 and nine patients had moderate to severe mitral
      regurgitation by angiography. Calcific aortic stenosis affected a tricuspid valve
      in nine cases and a bicuspid valve in one case. One patient had a rheumatic
      mitral valve and one a redundant myxomatous mitral valve; the remaining eight had
      no abnormality of the mitral apparatus commonly regarded as predisposing to
      chordal rupture. Mitral anulus calcification and ventricular anatomic and
      hemodynamic alterations in aortic stenosis may contribute to rupture of the
      mitral chordae tendineae.

PMID- 6833640
TI  - Value of left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in predicting the
      extent of coronary artery disease.
AB  - To determine the relation between left ventricular performance during exercise
      and the extent of coronary artery disease, the results of exercise radionuclide
      ventriculography were analyzed in 65 patients who also underwent cardiac
      catheterization. A scoring system was used to quantitate the extent of coronary
      artery disease. This system takes into account the number and site of stenoses of
      the major coronary vessels and their secondary branches. The conventional method
      of interpreting the coronary angiograms indicated that 26 patients had
      significant coronary artery disease (defined as 70% or more narrowing of luminal
      diameter) of one vessel, 21 had multivessel disease and 18 had no significant
      coronary artery disease. Although the exercise left ventricular ejection fraction
      was significantly higher in patients with no coronary artery disease than in
      patients with one or multivessel disease (probability [p] less than 0.001), there
      was considerable overlap among the three groups. With the scoring system, a good
      correlation was found between the coronary artery disease score and the exercise
      left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.70; p less than 0.001). If the
      exercise heart rate was 130 beats/min or greater or the age of the patient was 50
      years or less, an even better correlation was found (r = -0.73 and r = -0.82,
      respectively). The exercise ejection fraction (but not the change in ejection
      fraction, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume from rest to exercise)
      correlated with the extent of coronary artery disease. The exercise ejection
      fraction is the most important exercise variable that correlates with the extent
      of coronary artery disease when the latter is assessed quantitatively by a
      scoring system rather than the conventional method of reporting coronary
      angiograms. Young age and greater exercise heart rate strengthened the
      correlation. The change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise is useful in
      the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, but it was the absolute level of
      exercise ejection fraction that predicted the extent of disease.

PMID- 6833643
TI  - Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: ultrastructural and histochemical aspects.
AB  - The effects of reperfusion on ischemic myocardium generally depend on the
      severity of the preceding ischemic injury. Reperfusion of myocardium,
      irreversibly injured by ischemia, produces further progression of myocardial
      necrosis that is accompanied by simultaneously occurring stimulation of
      interstitial cell proliferation resulting in scar formation. Reperfusion of
      reversibly injured myocardium leads to structural improvement and reorganization.
      Thus, it may be stated from the ultrastructural part of this study that
      reperfusion of ischemic myocardium induces 1) slow structural recuperation after
      reversible injury, and 2) accelerated cellular destruction and symptoms of scar
      formation after irreversible ischemic injury. We observed that the reduced tissue
      content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), rather than reduced
      dehydrogenase activity, is the basis of histochemical reactions employing
      tetrazolium salts. Directly measured NAD tissue content in ischemic tissue
      correlated well with the degree of ultrastructural injury and with macroscopic
      differential staining. Occlusion of two small coronary arteries in the same heart
      followed by reperfusion of only one artery (identical occlusion times for both
      arteries) showed identical infarct sizes for reperfused and nonreperfused
      myocardium for occlusion times of 3 and 6 hours. When the effects of occlusion
      times of less than 3 hours are studied with tetrazolium salts, a difficult
      technical problem arises: during that time, tissue-NAD concentrations have not
      decreased enough to enable differential staining. Reperfusion leads to washout of
      NAD, thus producing differential staining; this may be a harmful effect of
      reperfusion. However, because early reperfusion leads to significant structural
      and functional recovery and to small infarcts, reperfusion injury is unlikely to
      occur. Both ultrastructural and histochemical evidence suggest that reperfusion
      is beneficial for reversibly injured tissue but accelerates the decay of
      irreversibly injured tissue.

PMID- 6833645
TI  - Prevention of ischemic injury and early reperfusion derangements by hypothermic
      retroperfusion.
AB  - Hypothermic synchronized retroperfusion was applied during coronary artery
      occlusion to determine its ability to alleviate junctional derangements of
      reperfusion and to reduce infarct size. The proximal left anterior descending
      coronary artery was occluded in 25 closed chest dogs for 3 hours and then
      reperfused for 7 days. Thirteen dogs with no reperfusion pretreatment served as a
      control group (Group A). In 12 dogs, hypothermic retroperfusion was applied from
      30 minutes up to 3 hours of the occlusion period (Group B). Sequential two
      dimensional echocardiographic and hemodynamic as well as metabolic measurements
      were performed. Compared with untreated control dogs, dogs with hypothermic
      synchronized retroperfusion had significantly reduced heart rate and rate
      pressure product, decreased left ventricular volumes and improved ejection
      fraction during the occlusion period. Two-dimensional echocardiographically
      derived ischemic zone systolic fractional area change and systolic wall
      thickening indicated significantly improved function as a result of
      retroperfusion. During the reperfusion period, untreated control dogs (group A)
      had more severe derangements in hemodynamics and wall motion than dogs treated by
      hypothermic retroperfusion (group B). Mortality was 30.7% in group A, 16.7% in
      group B and 7th day infarct size as percent of the left ventricle was 12.0 +/-
      6.5 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 4.2 +/- 5.9, respectively (p less than
      0.02). It is concluded that hypothermic synchronized retroperfusion applied after
      coronary occlusion and before reperfusion significantly improves cardiac function
      during occlusion, minimizes complications of reperfusion and reduces the ultimate
      infarct size. Because this form of circulatory assistance helps maintain cardiac
      function and delays the evolution of myocardial necrosis, its application may be
      beneficial during an evolving acute myocardial infarction before achievement of
      surgical or nonsurgical reperfusion.

PMID- 6833644
TI  - Time course of functional and biochemical recovery of myocardium salvaged by
      reperfusion.

PMID- 6833646
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on anoxic injury in the isolated rat heart.
AB  - The effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, on anoxic injury was
      studied in isolated perfused rat hearts. Anoxia for 60 minutes caused a
      considerable release of creatine kinase and significant cell injury.
      Reoxygenation of these anoxic hearts for 20 minutes accelerated the creatine
      kinase release and caused severe cell injury. Reoxygenation of anoxic hearts with
      diltiazem at a rate of either 2 or 4.5 mg/liter did not reduce creatine kinase
      release significantly (probability [p] greater than 0.05). However, the higher
      dosage of diltiazem (4.5 mg/liter during both anoxic and reoxygenation phases
      resulted in significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) preservation of healthy
      tissue. The data suggest that diltiazem in the higher concentration prevents cell
      injury and reduces mitochondrial damage in anoxic injury.

PMID- 6833647
TI  - Electrocardiographic effects of myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing in
      dogs with coronary stenosis. I. Repolarization changes with progressive left
      circumflex coronary. artery narrowing.
AB  - The electrocardiographic effects of tachycardia in normal dogs and in dogs with
      progressive coronary stenosis were studied. In five animals, left atrial
      electrodes were surgically implanted and body surface isopotential patterns were
      recorded from 84 torso electrodes; pacing at rates of up to 250 beats/min
      increased recorded voltages registered during the ST segment but did not alter
      the spatial distribution of these potentials. In 10 dogs, an ameroid constrictor
      was also implanted about the left circumflex coronary artery. One week after
      surgery, pacing to rates of 250 beats/min had no effect on ST segment
      isopotential patterns. However, 2 and 3 weeks postoperatively, when significant
      coronary constriction was anticipated, pacing-induced ST segment depression was
      recorded along the inferior anterior and posterior chest surfaces. Abnormal
      negative voltages were more intense at 3 than at 2 weeks, but the distribution of
      these abnormalities was unchanged. This pattern was consistent with the location
      of ischemic myocardium. Calculation of early (10 to 40 ms) ST segment slopes
      demonstrated that downsloping forms were recorded over most of the area with
      abnormal ST segment voltages, but that horizontal or upsloping depression
      occurred at the margins of the abnormal zones. The findings suggest that this
      canine model may be a useful analog to clinical exercise stress testing to aid in
      evaluating the significance of clinical electrocardiographic patterns.

PMID- 6833648
TI  - Cellular electrophysiologic characteristics of chronically infarcted myocardium
      in dogs susceptible to sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Standard microelectrode techniques were used to record transmembrane potentials
      and determine conduction characteristics in regions of mottled infarcts of canine
      epicardium, 3 to 5 days or 8 to 15 days after left anterior descending coronary
      artery occlusion and reperfusion. At 3 to 5 days, resting potential, action
      potential amplitude, maximal rate of depolarization and action potential duration
      at 30% repolarization were significantly reduced in the infarcted region. Cells
      on the epicardial surface showed improvement in resting potential, action
      potential amplitude and rate of depolarization between 3 to 5 days and 8 to 15
      days after infarction. In normal noninfarcted tissues, conduction velocity
      parallel to fiber orientation was 0.54 +/- 0.06 m/s (mean +/- standard
      deviation). Slow conduction in infarcted regions ranged from 0.015 to 0.2 m/s.
      Action potentials recorded from slowly conducting regions tended to include cells
      with more depressed amplitude and rate of depolarization than other cells in
      infarcted regions; they also had inappropriately depressed overshoot relative to
      their resting potential. Action potentials in slowly conducting areas where local
      conduction block occurred were associated with prepotentials and notches on their
      depolarization and repolarization phases. The prepotentials and notches appeared
      to be caused by electrotonic interactions resulting from microcircuitous
      conduction around or across inexcitable areas. These findings demonstrate that
      areas of slow conduction are heterogenously distributed in the mottled infarct
      and suggest that disruptions in cell to cell electrical continuity and decreased
      excitability may contribute to this slow conduction.

PMID- 6833651
TI  - Complete atrioventricular canal defect associated with congenitally corrected
      transposition of the great arteries: two-dimensional echocardiographic
      identification.

PMID- 6833650
TI  - Lymphatic drainage from the ventricular septum to the atrioventricular node in
      human beings.
AB  - It has been suggested that intracardiac lymphatics may play a role in the
      pathophysiologic processes involving the conduction system. To test the
      possibility of linkage between the ventricular septum and the atrioventricular
      (AV) node, india ink was injected into the ventricular septum of freshly removed
      human hearts. Microscopic sections of the AV node and adjacent tissue were
      examined for the presence of india ink. India ink was seen in and near the AV
      node in lymphatic channels and small veins. The implication is that potentially
      noxious materials can be transmitted by lymphatics from remote areas and
      influence adjacent conduction system fibers. Thus, it is possible that AV
      conduction disturbances after myocardial infarction may be induced by a lymphatic
      mechanism.

PMID- 6833652
TI  - Cineangiography of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left
      ventricular-right atrial shunt.
AB  - Nine cases are reported of perimembranous ventricular septal defect associated
      with left ventricular to right atrial shunting. Cineangiographic findings
      included an aneurysm of the membranous septum in all patients; two patients had
      obvious adherence of deformed tricuspid valve leaflets to the membranous septum.
      The location of the ventricular septal defect was confirmed at surgery or cardiac
      endoscopy in seven patients. In the presence of a perimembranous ventricular
      septal defect, left ventricular to right atrial shunting is usually the result of
      tricuspid valve abnormalities, including clefts or perforations of the septal
      leaflet, deformity or adherence of valve tissue to the margins of the septal
      defect and widening of the anteroseptal commissure. Biplane left
      ventriculography, using the long axial oblique and reciprocal right anterior
      oblique projections, may best demonstrate the pathologic anatomy, although the
      hepatoclavicular projection is a useful alternative, particularly when an
      atrioventricular canal defect is a diagnostic consideration.

PMID- 6833649
TI  - Deleterious effects of incomplete myocardial reperfusion on ventricular
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 6833653
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up of left ventricular to aortic conduits in
      patients with aortic stenosis.
AB  - To assess the long-term results of left ventricular outflow tract reconstruction
      utilizing an apical left ventricular to aortic valved (porcine) conduit the
      clinical and hemodynamic data were reviewed from 24 patients who had placement of
      an apico-aortic conduit. Eighteen of the patients are asymptomatic and taking no
      cardiac medications. Three patients were reoperated on, one patient 1.5 years
      after his original operation for subacute bacterial endocarditis and two patients
      3 to 4 years after their original operation for severe conduit valve
      insufficiency. None of the patients is taking anticoagulants and no
      thromboembolic events have occurred. Postoperative catheterization has been
      performed 1 to 1.5 years (mean 1.2) after repair in 15 of 21 patients. The rest
      left ventricular outflow tract gradient has decreased from 102.5 +/- 20 mm Hg
      preoperatively to 14.8 +/- 9.9 mm Hg postoperatively (probability [p] less than
      0.001). Some degree of conduit obstruction was demonstrated by catheter passage
      in 11 of the 15 patients. In these 11 patients, the obstruction occurred at three
      distant sites: at the egress of the left ventricle in 9, at the porcine valve in
      5 and at the aortic to conduit junction in 1. Isometric exercise in five and
      supine bicycle exercise in six patients increased the left ventricular outflow
      tract gradient by 2.5 +/- 1.1 and 20.8 +/- 11.8 mm Hg, respectively, despite an
      increase in cardiac index of 1 +/- 0.3 and 3.7 +/- 0.4 liters/min per m2,
      respectively. The data suggest that a left ventricular to aortic conduit is an
      effective form of therapy for severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

PMID- 6833654
TI  - Objective evaluation of three dose levels of diltiazem in patients with chronic
      stable angina.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with chronic stable angina were treated with the calcium
      antagonist diltiazem. Dose titration studies involving 180, 270 and 360 mg/day
      were conducted using a blinded objective protocol. Improvement in exercise
      tolerance was observed at all dose levels, but the best reduction of anginal
      attacks and glyceryl trinitrate consumption, enhancement of exercise capacity and
      improvement of objective ischemic variables were observed with the 360 mg/day
      dose. The mean exercise time to produce grade II angina on treadmill walking
      increased from 5.6 +/- 0.7 minutes on placebo to 7.9 +/- 0.8 minutes on diltiazem
      180 mg/day (probability [p] less than 0.001), 8.0 +/- 0.8 minutes on 270 mg/day
      and 9.5 +/- 0.9 minutes on 360 mg/day (p less than 0.001 as compared with 270
      mg/day). One patient was withdrawn at the 360 mg/day dosage because of pedal
      edema. The 24 hour Holter monitoring data confirmed the findings on exercise
      testing, and left ventricular function was not altered with any dose level.
      Diltiazem in doses ranging from 180 to 360 mg/day is another powerful antianginal
      agent in the calcium antagonist group producing excellent therapeutic benefit in
      chronic stable angina with no adverse effects on left ventricular function.

PMID- 6833655
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in 25 patients with left atrial myxoma.
AB  - The echocardiographic findings were studied in 25 patients with pathologically
      proved left atrial myxoma. All patients had M-mode echocardiograms and 14 had two
      dimensional studies. Seventeen patients had pre- and postoperative
      echocardiograms. Clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and pathologic correlations
      were made. The diagnosis of left atrial myxoma was suspected clinically in only
      three patients before the echocardiographic study. The correct echocardiographic
      diagnosis was made in 24 patients; in one patient it was missed with an M-mode
      study. In addition to the usual "mass" of extraneous echoes seen behind the
      mitral valve in the left atrium, the only other consistent abnormality on M-mode
      study was a decreased EF slope of the mitral valve (3.9 +/- 3.5 cm/s). The
      following dimensions were usually normal: left atrium, 4.0 +/- 0.7 cm; right
      ventricle, 2 +/- 0.7 cm; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, 4.8 +/- 0.6 cm
      and end-systolic diameter, 2.9 +/- 0.5 cm. The mean percent of shortening was 37
      +/- 5%. Two-dimensional echocardiography correctly identified the presence of a
      left atrial myxoma in all 14 patients studied. It provided additional information
      regarding size, shape, mobility, surface characteristics and site of insertion of
      the tumor. Eighteen patients had hemodynamic and angiographic studies. Coronary
      artery disease was found in one patient with typical angina. Echocardiography is
      an excellent technique for visualizing atrial myxoma. Cardiac catheterization is
      probably not needed before excision of a myxoma.

PMID- 6833658
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia produced by a normally functioning AV sequential demand
      (DVI) pacemaker with "committed" ventricular stimulation.

PMID- 6833657
TI  - Severe hemolytic anemia in patients with a porcine aortic valve prosthesis.

PMID- 6833659
TI  - Prognostic value of exercise thallium-201 imaging in patients presenting for
      evaluation of chest pain.
AB  - Accurate prognostic information is important in determining optimal management of
      patients presenting for evaluation of chest pain. In this study, the ability of
      exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging to predict future cardiac events
      (cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was correlated with
      clinical, coronary and left ventricular angiographic and exercise
      electrocardiographic data in 139 consecutive, nonsurgically managed patients
      followed-up over a 3 to 5 year period (mean follow-up, 3.7 +/- 0.9), using a
      logistic regression analysis. Among patients without prior myocardial infarction
      (100 of 139), the number of myocardial segments with transient thallium-201
      defects was the only statistically significant predictor of future cardiac events
      when all patient variables were evaluated. Among patients with myocardial
      infarction before evaluation (39 of 139), angiographic ejection fraction was the
      only significant predictor of future cardiac events when all variables were
      considered. This study suggests an approach to evaluate the risk of future
      cardiac events in patients with possible ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 6833656
TI  - Left atrial myxoma and unrelated mitral valve disease.
AB  - Two cases of left atrial myxoma and concomitant, but unrelated mitral valve
      disease are reported. The first patient had severe mitral stenosis and mitral
      regurgitation due to rheumatic heart disease in addition to a large immobile left
      atrial myxoma. At surgery, the tumor was considered unresectable because of its
      size and widespread attachment to the left atrium. A mitral commissurotomy was
      performed with temporary improvement. The second patient had mitral regurgitation
      due to mitral valve prolapse (myxomatous degeneration) and an unrelated tumor.
      The patient's condition improved after mitral valve reconstruction and resection
      of the tumor. In both cases, the relatively immobile tumor was not physically in
      contact with the mitral valve and probably was not responsible for the valve
      disease. Both patients presented with dyspnea, to which the tumors may have
      contributed by causing partial obstruction of the pulmonary veins. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic problems resulting from the association of atrial myxoma and
      unrelated mitral valve disease are discussed.

PMID- 6833660
TI  - Effect of atrial pacing on intracoronary thromboxane production in coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The effect of atrial pacing on intracoronary thromboxane production was
      investigated in 35 patients with stable (n = 19) or unstable (n = 16) angina.
      Arterial and coronary sinus thromboxane B2, the stable metabolite of thromboxane
      A2, myocardial lactate extraction and thermodilution coronary sinus flow were
      measured before, during and immediately after atrial pacing until the onset of
      angina. Pacing did not significantly increase coronary sinus thromboxane B2
      (rest, 233 +/- 107 pg/ml; pacing, 249 +/- 154 pg/ml; postpacing, 330 +/- 309
      pg/ml) (mean +/- standard deviation) despite a moderate increase in arterial
      thromboxane B2 (rest, 270 +/- 170 pg/ml; pacing, 387 +/- 364 pg/ml; postpacing,
      446 +/- 420 pg/ml) (all changes probability [p] less than 0.05). A positive
      transmyocardial thromboxane B2 gradient, suggesting intracoronary thromboxane A2
      production, occurred in only five patients at rest (gradient = 60 +/- 35 pg/ml).
      During pacing, a transmyocardial thromboxane B2 gradient was not observed despite
      myocardial lactate production in 18 patients. A postpacing gradient was observed
      in eight patients (gradient = 284 +/- 349 pg/ml). These gradients were
      significantly more frequent in patients who produced lactate during pacing (7 of
      18) than in patients without lactate production (1 of 17) (p less than 0.05). In
      patients with and without a postpacing gradient, coronary vascular resistance
      decreased with pacing and returned to rest levels immediately after pacing,
      suggesting that a postpacing thromboxane gradient does not significantly alter
      coronary tone. These data suggest that: 1) pacing-induced angina is usually not
      associated with substantial intracoronary thromboxane A2 production; 2) in a
      minority of patients who develop intracoronary thromboxane A2 production, the
      amount is small and does not produce significant coronary vasoconstriction.

PMID- 6833661
TI  - Excess mortality and morbidity associated with right bundle branch and left
      anterior fascicular block.
AB  - Excess mortality and morbidity associated with right bundle branch and left
      anterior fascicular block were evaluated in 108 patients with block (age 74 +/-
      10 years, 69% male) and 108 age- and sex-matched control patients with normal
      conduction. Clinical characteristics were similar initially except for more
      congestive heart failure in patients with block. Life table analysis revealed a
      higher 12 year mortality with block, even after omitting patients with moderate
      or severe congestive heart failure (risk ratio 1.47, p less than 0.05). Compared
      with control subjects, the group of patients with block had more sudden death and
      deaths of unknown cause, but a similar number of noncardiac and diagnosed cardiac
      deaths. More patients with block developed new second and third degree
      atrioventricular block or new overt coronary artery disease, but this finding did
      not support prophylactic pacing in asymptomatic patients. The importance of
      internal controls in assessing the natural history of clinical and
      electrocardiographic abnormalities is emphasized.

PMID- 6833662
TI  - Significance of the upright T wave in precordial lead V1 in adults with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - To determine the prevalence and evaluate the significance of an upright T wave in
      precordial lead V1, the 12 lead electrocardiograms of 218 patients undergoing
      diagnostic catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain were reviewed. Of
      this total, 184 patients had severe coronary artery disease (greater than or
      equal to 75% luminal narrowing) and 34 patients had minimal or no coronary artery
      disease. An upright T wave in lead V1 (greater than or equal to 0.15 mV) was
      present in 3 subjects (9%) without coronary artery disease; in 19 (20%) of 96
      patients with one vessel disease; in 14 (27%) of 51 patients with two vessel
      disease and in 13 (35%) of 37 patients with three vessel disease. Among the
      patients with one vessel disease, an upright T wave was more frequent in patients
      with left circumflex artery disease than in patients with left anterior
      descending or right coronary artery disease (probability [p] less than 0.001).
      Among patients with two vessel disease, an upright T wave was more frequent in
      patients with disease of the right coronary and left circumflex coronary arteries
      than in the remaining patients (p less than 0.005). It is concluded that an
      upright T wave in precordial lead V1 is common in patients with isolated left
      circumflex artery disease but is rare in those with isolated left anterior
      descending artery disease. Similarly, in patients with multivessel disease, an
      upright T wave is common when the left circumflex artery is diseased. This
      finding, along with other noninvasive tests, may prove useful in patient
      evaluation.

PMID- 6833663
TI  - An epidemic of pulmonary hypertension after toxic rapeseed oil ingestion in
      Spain.
AB  - The cardiac profile of 38 patients readmitted to the hospital with the clinical
      and radiologic findings of pulmonary artery hypertension and right ventricular
      failure 2 months after ingestion of toxic rapeseed oil was determined with M-mode
      and two-dimensional echocardiography, pulsed Doppler flow studies and right and
      left heart catheterization and ventriculography. The echocardiogram and pulsed
      Doppler recordings revealed right ventricular enlargement in 84% of the patients,
      indirect evidence of pulmonary artery hypertension in 76% and tricuspid
      insufficiency in 13%. At cardiac catheterization (n = 11) the mean (+/- standard
      deviation) pulmonary artery pressure was 40 +/- 9 mm Hg, mean pulmonary systemic
      vascular resistance ratio was 0.45 +/- 0.12 and mean right ventricular end
      diastolic pressure was 13 +/- 4 mm Hg. Pulmonary artery hypertension was
      sustained after the acute administration of 100% oxygen and persisted in six
      patients who were restudied within 6 months. Cardiac index and left heart
      pressures were normal in all but one patient. The contrast ventriculographic
      studies revealed right ventricular dilation in all patients, tricuspid
      regurgitation in three patients and a normal left ventricular contraction pattern
      in all but one patient. The data confirm that symptomatic pulmonary artery
      hypertension and associated right ventricular dysfunction can complicate toxic
      rapeseed oil ingestion and that these findings persist for at least 6 months.

PMID- 6833665
TI  - Retrograde lysis of coronary artery thrombus by coronary venous streptokinase
      administration.
AB  - This study examined whether an occlusive thrombus within a coronary artery can be
      lysed by streptokinase retroperfusion into the associated regional coronary vein.
      Experimental coronary artery thrombosis was induced in 15 closed chest dogs by
      placing a small copper coil at a proximal site of the left anterior descending
      coronary artery. Total thrombotic obstruction of this artery was verified within
      10 to 60 minutes (38.0 +/- 15.8, mean +/- standard deviation) and streptokinase
      was administered within 94.0 +/- 17.4 minutes from coil insertion at an average
      rate of 42 IU/kg per minute by one of three modes: 1) intermittent 10 minute
      direct coronary venous retroinfusion (five dogs); 2) continuous infusion into the
      pumping circuit of synchronized phased retroperfusion of the great cardiac vein
      with arterial blood (five dogs); and 3) for comparison, streptokinase
      administered intravenously (five dogs). The intracoronary thrombus was fully
      lysed and anterograde reperfusion established within 51.0 +/- 18.7 minutes by
      intermittent streptokinase retroinfusion, and in 50.0 +/- 6.1 minutes by
      streptokinase supplemented synchronized retroperfusion (50.5 +/- 13.2 minutes for
      pooled retrograde coronary venous delivery). Lysis was also induced by systemic
      streptokinase, but the time to lysis was significantly longer and more variable
      (131.6 +/- 60.6 minutes) than with retrograde administration (p less than 0.01).
      The retroperfusion modality appears the preferable technique because it provides
      early thrombolysis and, at the same time, improves cardiac function and maintains
      myocardial viability of the jeopardized ischemic zone pending achievement of full
      reflow. Thus, streptokinase retroperfusion, if promptly instituted, may be a
      useful complemental nonsurgical treatment of evolving acute myocardial infarction
      after thrombotic coronary artery occlusion.

PMID- 6833666
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the effects of a fixed 50% coronary artery stenosis on
      regional myocardial flow reserve and transmural distribution of blood flow.

PMID- 6833667
TI  - Influence of acute aortic insufficiency on the hemodynamic importance of a
      coronary artery narrowing. II. Various magnitudes of aortic insufficiency.
AB  - Coronary hemodynamic effects of controlled acute aortic insufficiency were
      studied in 40 open chest dogs with and without graded coronary diameter
      narrowing. An adjustable basket device was used to regulate aortic insufficiency,
      creating three groups: group 1, mild to moderate aortic insufficiency
      (regurgitant fraction less than 50%); group 2, moderately severe aortic
      insufficiency (regurgitant fraction greater than 50%); and group 3, aortic
      insufficiency with mean aortic pressure restored to control levels. Mean coronary
      blood flow was similar to control values in group 1, but was higher in groups 2
      and 3. The endocardial/epicardial flow ratio was similar with and without aortic
      insufficiency. With graded coronary narrowing greater than 80%, coronary flow and
      endocardial/epicardial flow ratio decreased with or without aortic insufficiency.
      However, endocardial/epicardial flow ratio usually decreased more during aortic
      insufficiency. Peak reactive hyperemic flow after release of a 10 second coronary
      occlusion also decreased during aortic insufficiency. The amount of decrease
      compared with control values was related to the magnitude of aortic
      insufficiency. This value with no coronary narrowing in group 1 was similar to
      peak reactive hyperemic flow with a 60% coronary narrowing during the control
      period. In group 2, peak reactive hyperemic flow was similar to that with an 80%
      coronary narrowing during the control period. Restoring mean aortic pressure to
      control values in group 3 did not restore peak reactive hyperemic flow to control
      values. These data suggest that coronary flow reserve assessed with coronary
      narrowings or during reactive hyperemia is decreased during aortic insufficiency.
      The decrease in coronary flow reserve was more pronounced as the magnitude of
      aortic insufficiency increased.

PMID- 6833664
TI  - Nonsurgical reperfusion in evolving myocardial infarction.
AB  - Nonsurgical recanalization of the occluded coronary artery has been performed in
      patients with evolving myocardial infarction since the late 1970s by
      intracoronary administration of thrombolytic agents at the ostium of the occluded
      artery or directly to the site of occlusion. The authors review the basic
      concepts underlying intracoronary thrombolysis, the method applied at their
      institution and the clinical results. Reperfusion of totally occluded arteries or
      termination of the ischemic state in subtotally occluded arteries was achieved in
      71 (87.7%) of 81 patients. Reocclusion occurred in four patients, in three of
      these at a time when anticoagulation became temporarily ineffective, emphasizing
      the need for uninterrupted anticoagulation with a partial thromboplastin time
      longer than 80 seconds. Thallium scintigraphic studies before and after
      reperfusion showed a decrease in defect, indicating myocardial salvage, in the
      successful cases but not in failures or untreated control subjects. A decrease in
      thallium-201 defect was followed by improvement of regional wall motion and
      usually also left ventricular ejection fraction. Three of the patients with an
      unsuccessful result and one patient with a successful result died. Bypass surgery
      was performed electively in 18 patients because of multiple vessel involvement.
      Intracoronary thrombolysis appears to be a relatively safe and promising
      procedure. A large controlled study will be needed for definitive assessment of
      its role in the management of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6833668
TI  - Antiarrhythmic action of labetalol and its effect on adenine metabolism in the
      isolated rat heart.
AB  - Labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonist, was assessed for
      antiarrhythmic activity in the isolated perfused rat heart. Inclusion of 5.0 and
      7.5 mumol/liter labetalol in the perfusate reduced the fall in ventricular
      fibrillation threshold and eliminated ventricular arrhythmias during the coronary
      occlusion period of 15 minutes. In treated hearts, levels of high energy
      phosphates were significantly higher and lactate, adenosine and hypoxanthine
      levels were lower in ischemic myocardium. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels
      were reduced in uninvolved myocardium (0.31 +/- 0.01 and 0.24 +/- 0.02 versus
      0.43 +/- 0.02 nmol/g fresh weight) and in the ischemic myocardium (0.38 +/- 0.02
      and 0.34 +/- 0.04 versus 0.65 +/- 0.05 nmol/g) in hearts treated respectively
      with 5.0 and 7.5 mumol/liter labetalol versus control hearts. When untreated
      hearts were perfused with 3.0 mmol/liter potassium in perfusate, all had
      ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation during coronary ligation and developed
      ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion. Labetalol, 5.0 mumol/liter, reduced
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias during coronary occlusion and after reperfusion,
      whereas labetalol, 7.5 mumol/liter, eliminated tachyarrhythmias during occlusion
      and reperfusion. Labetalol had potent antiarrhythmic activity in the hearts
      rendered uniformly prone to arrhythmias by perfusion with a low potassium
      solution.

PMID- 6833669
TI  - Split dose thallium-201 dipyridamole imaging: a new technique for obtaining
      thallium images before and immediately after an intervention.

PMID- 6833670
TI  - In vivo coronary angioscopy.
AB  - The feasibility of in vivo coronary angioscopy was tested utilizing a 1.8 mm
      angioscope in vessels where blood had been replaced by optically clear liquids,
      including a new perfluorocarbon emulsion. After trials in postmortem canine and
      human coronary arteries, in vivo intraluminal visualization was accomplished in
      the dog with a catheterization technique and in patients during open heart
      surgery. The results demonstrate the feasibility and potential clinical
      usefulness of direct visualization of intravascular anatomy and disease,
      analogous to endoscopy of other organ systems.

PMID- 6833671
TI  - Estimation of the severity of aortic valve stenosis by frequency analysis of the
      murmur.

PMID- 6833672
TI  - Pacemaker treatment of sick sinus syndrome in children.
AB  - The sick sinus syndrome is being recognized with increasing frequency in
      children. Although it is sometimes benign, it can be serious or have fatal
      consequences. Fifty-one patients (mean age 10.5 years) underwent permanent
      cardiac pacing for sick sinus syndrome. Twenty patients had epicardial
      ventricular pacing and 12 had an epicardial atrial implant. Seven had endocardial
      atrial pacing, six epicardial atrioventricular (AV) sequential pacing, four
      epicardial universal pacing and two endocardial universal pacing. Of the 49
      symptomatic patients, 45 had relief of symptoms. Eleven of 18 patients with
      associated tachyarrhythmias had amelioration of their tachycardia. There were no
      early but two late deaths unrelated to the pacemakers. Seven patients during a
      mean follow-up period of 26 months required reoperation for pacing lead or
      sensing problems. Permanent pacing for sick sinus syndrome in children is a safe
      and symptomatically effective procedure.

PMID- 6833673
TI  - Left juxtaposed atrial appendages: diagnostic two-dimensional echocardiographic
      features.
AB  - Left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages is usually associated with cyanotic
      congenital heart disease. Recognition of this rare anomaly is important before
      therapeutic or surgical procedures that involve the atrial septum can be
      undertaken (for example, septostomy, the Mustard or Senning operation and the
      Fontan anastomosis). The diagnosis of left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages
      is most commonly an incidental finding at the time of surgery or autopsy. This
      report describes the two-dimensional echocardiographic visualization of left
      juxtaposed atrial appendages. The diagnostic echocardiographic features are based
      on characteristic alterations of the plane of the atrial septum and visualization
      of the malpositioned right atrial appendage. On the basis of these observations,
      a noninvasive diagnosis of left juxtaposed atrial appendages is now possible by
      means of two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 6833674
TI  - Floppy mitral valve and ventricular septal defect: an anatomic study.
AB  - Eighteen percent of heart specimens with isolated ventricular septal defect also
      had a floppy mitral valve. There was no statistical difference in the incidence
      of floppy mitral valve in the three age groups considered (less than 1 year, 1 to
      16 years and 17 to 91 years). In no patient was a floppy mitral valve considered
      to be the cause of death. Complications of floppy mitral valve (ruptured chordae
      tendineae, bacterial endocarditis, mitral regurgitation and fibrin deposits at
      the mitral valve-left atrial angle) occurred at approximately the same frequency
      as that reported in autopsy studies of isolated floppy mitral valve. In the
      specimens with floppy mitral valve and ventricular septal defect, 63% also had
      floppiness of the tricuspid valve, 16% of the pulmonary valve and 5% of the
      aortic valve. The anatomic basis for floppy mitral valve was considered to be
      spongiosal invasion and disruption of the fibrosa of the valve leaflet. In this
      study, spongiosal invasion of the fibrosa was fully developed by 3 months of age
      and there was no evidence that the incidence or severity of spongiosal invasion
      increased between the ages of 3 months and 88 years. These data suggest that the
      floppy mitral valve is a congenital lesion that reaches full anatomic expression
      in infancy. No evidence was found that ventricular septal defect and floppy
      mitral valve share a common etiology.

PMID- 6833675
TI  - Diagnosis of lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Originally described in 1964, lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum
      currently remains a diagnosis established primarily at autopsy. Clinical interest
      in this disorder has centered on the reported association with supraventricular
      arrhythmias and sudden death. Because two-dimensional echocardiography allows
      detailed assessment of atrial septal configuration, we reviewed two-dimensional
      echocardiographic reports obtained over a 1 year period and identified 17
      patients who had features consistent with lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial
      septum. Nine were men and the average age was 70 years. Autopsy confirmation of
      the echographic findings was possible in one patient. In nine patients, ideal
      body weight was exceeded by 10% or more. The atrial septum viewed from the
      subcostal transducer position showed a distinctive echo-dense globular thickening
      sparing the valve of the fossa ovalis. The resultant tomographic image of the
      atrial septum had a characteristic dumbbell appearance. The mean thickness of the
      atrial septum was 21 mm (range 15 to 29). Seven patients had supraventricular
      arrhythmias, and eight had P wave abnormalities. The two-dimensional
      echocardiographic features described are distinctive and suggest that this
      technique is the procedure of choice not only for establishing the diagnosis of
      lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum but also for providing a means for
      prospective follow-up of patients with this little known entity.

PMID- 6833676
TI  - Prolonged asthmatic responses to inhaled methacholine.
AB  - The pattern of asthmatic response after inhalation of atropine and methacholine
      was studied in six adult asthmatics. After pretreatment with atropine, the
      provocation concentration of methacholine to cause a fall in FEV1 of 20% was
      increased from 0.66 +/- 2.09 to 94.90 +/- 1.78 mg/ml. In the subsequent 7 hr,
      four subjects developed prolonged asthmatic responses. These occurred after
      concentrations of methacholine higher than those used clinically but did not
      directly relate to the dose of methacholine or to the increase in dose after
      atropine. In one subject the prolonged response was not accompanied by increased
      methacholine responsiveness and was not prevented by pretreatment with cromolyn
      sodium (40 mg). These results show that high doses of methacholine inhaled after
      pretreatment with atropine can induce prolonged asthmatic responses but the
      mechanism is unclear.

PMID- 6833678
TI  - Marijuana smoking and fungal sensitization.
AB  - The possible role of marijuana (MJ) in inducing sensitization to Aspergillus
      organisms was studied in 28 MJ smokers by evaluating their clinical status and
      immune responses to microorganisms isolated from MJ. The spectrum of illnesses
      included one patient with systemic aspergillosis and seven patients with a
      history of bronchospasm after the smoking of MJ. Twenty-one smokers were
      asymptomatic. Fungi were identified in 13 of 14 MJ samples and included
      Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, Mucor, Penicillium, and thermophilic
      actinomycetes. Precipitins to Aspergillus antigens were found in 13 of 23 smokers
      and in one of 10 controls, while significant blastogenesis to Aspergillus was
      demonstrated in only three of 23 MJ smokers. When samples were smoked into an
      Andersen air sampler, A. fumigatus passed easily through contaminated MJ
      cigarettes. Thus the use of MJ assumes the risks of both fungal exposure and
      infection, as well as the possible induction of a variety of immunologic lung
      disorders.

PMID- 6833677
TI  - Inhaled verapamil in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.
AB  - Fifteen asthmatic subjects participated in a double-blind trial comparing the
      protective effects of inhaled verapamil, salbutamol, and saline against inhaled
      histamine. Inhaling verapamil between four repeated histamine inhalation tests
      produced no significant protection against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction,
      while there was significant protection with salbutamol (p less than 0.001).
      Inhaling verapamil before a single inhalation test produced limited but
      significant protection (p less than 0.05) compared with a saline control in eight
      asthmatic subjects. This small protective effect in the two-treatment study of
      eight asthmatics suggests that either the protective effect of verapamil is
      variable among subjects or a preceding histamine inhalation test blocks the
      verapamil effect.

PMID- 6833679
TI  - Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
AB  - This article describes four cases of exercise-induced anaphylaxis occurring only
      in temporal relationship to the ingestion of food. One individual developed
      anaphylaxis if exercise followed the ingestion of any food within 2 hr. Three
      other individuals had symptoms only if celery was ingested in relation to
      exercise. Skin reactivity to fresh celery extracts was demonstrated in all three
      individuals. The episodes were prevented by avoidance of food ingestion in
      relation to exercise. This syndrome appears to be a variant of exercised-induced
      anaphylaxis.

PMID- 6833680
TI  - Current concepts of nutritional therapy in chronic renal failure: an update.
AB  - The natural course of chronic renal disease with the passage of time is reviewed,
      parallel with rational nutritional management to counterbalance the ill effects
      of the progressive renal pathology. Progressive protein restriction,
      supplementation with essential amino acids and their keto-acid and hydroxy
      analogues, phosphate restriction, sodium and potassium regulation, and other
      measures are discussed, together with an elaboration on optimal nutritional
      management of adult maintenance dialysis patients and of children on dialysis.

PMID- 6833681
TI  - Alcohol consumption and nutrient density of diets in the Nationwide Food
      Consumption Survey.
AB  - Alcoholic beverage data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nationwide Food
      Consumption Survey (NFCS), 1977-78, were compared with apparent consumption data
      from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). NFCS data indicate
      that only one-fifth of the alcohol estimated to be consumed by DHHS is reported
      at the household level. For those individuals consuming alcoholic beverages,
      energy levels were higher than for non-drinkers. Average daily nutrient intake
      for most nutrients was similar for drinkers and non-drinkers. The nutrient
      density of diets of drinkers was significantly lower than that of non-drinkers
      with respect to protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A,
      and thiamin.

PMID- 6833682
TI  - Nutritive value of food served calculated from food purchased in 14 nursing
      homes.
AB  - A three-day average of the nutritive value of pounds of food served indicated
      that none of the 14 nursing homes surveyed served a selection of foods which
      supplied recommended amounts of vitamin B6 and folacin when compared with the
      Recommended Dietary Allowances. Suggestions for limiting kilocalories, while
      providing adequate sources of other nutrients to residents, include: decreasing
      high caloric-low nutrient foods and total pounds of meat, increasing the
      proportion of fish and poultry in relation to red meats, and increasing pounds of
      leafy vegetables, bananas, and dry cereals.

PMID- 6833683
TI  - Validation and application of nutrition education objectives.
AB  - Nutrition education is more likely to be effective when nutrition and education
      professionals set goals in working with individuals. In an effort to assist such
      professionals with these goals, 24 objectives for nutrition education were
      identified and validated. Teachers, dietitians, and nutritionists can use these
      objectives in analyzing and targeting their nutrition efforts to influence
      behavior change in students, patients, employees, and clients. Ways to use the
      objectives and a process for behavior change to use with students are suggested.

PMID- 6833684
TI  - Nutrition knowledge and preferences of food cooperative shoppers.
AB  - Tests of nutrition knowledge and food preference were given to matched samples of
      food cooperative and supermarket shoppers. The food preferences of cooperative
      shoppers, but not their nutrition knowledge, differed significantly from the
      preferences of supermarket shoppers. Preferences of supermarket shoppers were
      greater for foods having a low index of quality, while those of the cooperative
      shoppers were greater for foods having a high index of quality.

PMID- 6833686
TI  - Sodium values of Chinese condiments and their use in sodium-restricted diets.
AB  - Counseling a Chinese patient on a low-sodium diet can be an arduous task for the
      dietitian. Special consideration of cultural beliefs, food preferences, and food
      practices must be incorporated into the individualized instruction. Equally
      important is the need for familiarity with the sodium values of frequently
      consumed foods and condiments indigenous to the Chinese population. To date,
      published sodium determinations for such items are quite limited. Representative
      samples of commonly used Chinese seasonings and sauces were collected. Analysis
      was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Many of the condiments often
      forbidden in the sodium-restricted diet contained less than 200 mg. sodium per
      teaspoon in all the samples tested. These included: sweet bean sauce, rinsed and
      unrinsed fermented black beans, hoisin sauce, satay sauce, fermented bean cake,
      and rinsed and unrinsed dried shrimp. These data can give the dietitian the
      option of calculating these often "forbidden" items into the sodium-restricted
      diet. Factors to be considered are the patient's typical meal pattern,
      situational needs, comprehension level, degree of compliance, and other available
      information.

PMID- 6833685
TI  - Effect of water rinsing on sodium content of selected foods.
AB  - The sodium content of water-rinsed canned green beans, tuna, and cottage cheese
      was analyzed. A 3-minute rinse of tuna and cottage cheese resulted in sodium
      reductions of 80% and 63%, respectively, with no significant effect on iron
      content. Calcium was reduced by approximately 50%. Although rinsing had a minimal
      effect on the sodium in canned beans, replacing the canning brine with water
      before heating lowered salt content by 33%. This study shows that the simple and
      economical methods of water rinsing of tuna and cottage cheese and of heating
      green beans in tap water markedly lowered salt content.

PMID- 6833687
TI  - Nutrient and food supplement practices of lacto-ovo vegetarians.

PMID- 6833688
TI  - The consulting nutritionist in an employee health office.
AB  - In this time of rising health costs, corporations are striving to limit their
      employee health care expenditures by using preventive health education and
      programs. The time is ripe for nutritionists to market their expertise in the
      corporate setting. As corporations have not traditionally hired nutritionists as
      health consultants, the nutritionist needs to propose the idea and define her
      role. Identifying the appropriate contact person is the first step. Subsequent
      discussions with this person develop the nutrition service. The practical aspects
      of fees, hours, and coordination and documentation of services should be in
      contract form. Identification of employee needs and publicizing the service also
      fall within the nutritionist's realm. In the author's experience, employees
      presented with nutritional problems common to ambulatory settings: obesity,
      hypertension, hyperlipidemias, and diabetes. Preliminary evaluation of the
      nutrition education showed a change in diet as documented by food records and 24
      hour recalls and changes in the key parameters of weight, blood pressure, and
      blood glucose. Further documentation and long-term assessment of the company's
      health care costs are needed.

PMID- 6833689
TI  - Graduate students develop PSAs: a media experience provided by commercial
      television.
AB  - Graduate students in a nutrition education course worked with the special
      projects producer at a commercial television station to develop three nutrition
      PSAs. This project involved the students in experiences that demonstrated the
      possibilities as well as the limitations of using commercial television for
      defined educational purposes. It was evaluated as a meaningful learning
      experience by all of the students, and one which will encourage them to work with
      mass media in their professional careers.

PMID- 6833690
TI  - ADA comments on proposed hospital regulations.

PMID- 6833691
TI  - ADA comments on nutrition labeling formats.
AB  - ADA supports the Gersin-designed Simplified Numerical/ Graphical and
      Numerical/Numerical label formats, with sodium content listed separately at the
      bottom, printed in large type for easy reading by older Americans. ADA suggests
      adding teaching sessions as another setting in which to measure effectiveness,
      and including nutrition educators and their students in the sample composition.
      ADA expects that eliminating the information "servings per container" will result
      in consumer confusion, and recommends an interview question to test this. The
      independent variables relating to quantity of useful information should be
      controlled for type and placement of desirable information on the label.
      Nutrition education is a vital part of providing useful nutrition information and
      should be highlighted in the implementation plan. We look forward to an ongoing
      exchange of ideas on this matter.

PMID- 6833692
TI  - Salaries and benefits of dietetic personnel.

PMID- 6833693
TI  - Chromium and diabetes.

PMID- 6833694
TI  - Poisoning in the elderly.
AB  - A prospective evaluation of poison exposure calls, in reference to persons
      greater than or equal to 60 years of age, was performed at the Maryland Poison
      Center during a six-month period in 1981. Each call was examined with respect to
      location of exposure, caller, circumstance, treatment location, and final
      outcome. The study group consisted of 237 persons, of whom 66 per cent were
      women. The majority of callers were not medical personnel, and the most common
      location for exposure was the home. Most exposures occurred by the oral route and
      were the result of an accident (83.1 per cent) as opposed to suicide (14.8 per
      cent) or drug abuse (1.7 per cent), which are more frequent in younger adults.
      Although only 27.4 per cent of the study population received treatment in an
      emergency room or required hospital admission, the probability of admission for
      the elderly person seen in the emergency room was significantly greater than that
      for younger adults and the children. Of the four fatalities that occurred, three
      were classified as suicides and one as an accident.

PMID- 6833695
TI  - General hospital geriatric psychiatric treatment: a follow-up study.
AB  - Fifty-two patients previously treated and discharged from an acute-care general
      hospital ward were followed up for an average of 30.5 months. The results show
      that while it is true that depressive episodes in the elderly are often easily
      and rapidly treated, many of these patients do poorly in the long term for a
      variety of reasons related to depressive dysphoria, organic brain syndrome, and
      physical disability. Depressive or dysphoric relapse in the community seems to go
      largely unrecognized. It is suggested that follow-up must be done soon after
      discharge to prevent the high level of rejection of the treatment team that may
      occur once the patient loses contact. Follow-up must in part be done initially
      through home visits, and a firm institutional liaison established for the large
      group that will need ongoing care.

PMID- 6833696
TI  - A geriatric rehabilitation and assessment unit in a community hospital.
AB  - This report describes functional status at admission, discharge, and six months
      later for 100 elderly persons treated at a community hospital assessment and
      rehabilitation unit. The goal of the unit is to prevent institutionalization of
      frail elderly persons considered at risk for nursing home placement.
      Characteristics of the first 100 admissions include the following: average age,
      79 years; female, 77 per cent; length of stay, 23 days; average number of
      admitting diagnoses, 3.4. Ninety-one new diagnoses of treatable conditions were
      made. On admission, 81 per cent of patients were confined to bed or chair or
      needed assistance with ambulation, compared with 27 per cent at discharge and 22
      per cent at six months. Activities showing significant improvement include
      dressing, housekeeping, use of toilet, and ambulation. At six months, 15 per cent
      had died, 67 per cent were living in the community, and 19 per cent were
      institutionalized. It is concluded that care at the geriatric unit probably
      resulted in improved function and decreased nursing home placement.

PMID- 6833697
TI  - Aortic valve replacement in the elderly.
AB  - In order to determine the risk of aortic valve replacement in the elderly, 77
      patients over the age of 60 who had undergone this procedure were reviewed.
      Hypothermic-hyperkalemic cardioplegia was used in all patients. In 55 patients
      with isolated aortic valve replacement there were three deaths (5.5 per cent). In
      the entire series of 77 patients there were 13 deaths (13 per cent). In seven
      patients of an organ other than the heart. In only two patients did the operative
      death have a myocardial cause. Ninety-two per cent of the patients were in
      functional class I or II following surgery. Patients should come to surgery
      before reaching class IV. Aortic valve replacement can be carried out safely in
      the elderly, and the indications should be the same as for younger patients.

PMID- 6833698
TI  - Gynecologic sepsis as a cause of covert infection in old age.
AB  - Three cases of endometritis, which presented covertly in elderly women, are
      described. All three patients were in a poor state of nutrition, and two had
      serious intercurrent disease. It is believed that cyclical shedding of the
      endometrium and "normal" vaginal flora (under the influence of estrogen) are the
      major defenses against infection. These are lost after the menopause, and were
      therefore absent in the three patients described here. The waning of the immune
      response associated with aging, particularly the progesterone-stimulated uptake
      of polymeric IgA in the endometrium, may be important, as may the
      immunosuppressive effect of malnutrition. It is suggested that a nonspecific
      deterioration in an elderly woman or infection of uncertain site should prompt a
      careful re-examination, including a thorough pelvic examination.

PMID- 6833699
TI  - Recent progress in understanding atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6833700
TI  - Much ado about the thymus.

PMID- 6833701
TI  - The policy of pairing patients with different cognitive skills in the same room
      of a nursing home.

PMID- 6833702
TI  - An independent non-medical profession looks at the physician dependent non
      physician.

PMID- 6833703
TI  - A profession under seige.

PMID- 6833704
TI  - Presumed ocular vitelliform macular giardiasis and lesions.

PMID- 6833705
TI  - Arteritic and idiopathic ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - Ischemic optic neuropathy is a frequent cause of sudden visual loss in the older
      patient. There are two major causes of ischemic optic neuropathy; one, arteritic,
      due to an inflammatory process, and the other, idiopathic, possibly linked to
      hypertension. This paper presents four illustrative cases of ischemic optic
      neuropathy, one with an associated serous retinal detachment. The clinical
      appearance of the disorder, differential diagnosis of the two major types of
      ischemic optic neuropathy, and the pathogenesis and prognosis for vision are
      discussed. Currently accepted modes of treatment are also included.

PMID- 6833706
TI  - Depreciating equipment--new or used.

PMID- 6833707
TI  - Internal communications (glaucoma).

PMID- 6833708
TI  - The National Board of Examiners in Optometry.

PMID- 6833709
TI  - Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients: generation of extended pH
      intervals.
AB  - A new technique for generating extended pH gradients (3-4 pH units) in Immobiline
      gels for isoelectric separations is described. A five-chamber gradient mixer has
      been built, based on the 'Varigrad'-type mixers of Peterson and Sober (Anal.
      Chem. 31, 1959, 857-862). Each chamber contains one of the following Immobilines,
      in this order: pK values 4.4, 4.6, 6.2, 7.0 and 8.5, titrated in the pH 4-8
      interval with non-buffering Immobilines pK 9.3 (in the case of the two acidic
      Immobilines) and pK 3.6 (in the case of the three basic Immobilines). In this way
      it is possible to cast, in a highly reproducible way, an immobilized pH gradient
      in the pH range 4.0 to 7.5, which should be ideal for isoelectric separations in
      the first dimension of two-dimensional techniques. A computer program is also
      described which, given the molarities and pK values of the different Immobilines
      in the chambers of the Varigrad mixer, can generate the theoretical pH profile,
      together with the buffering capacity (beta) and ionic strength (I) courses.

PMID- 6833710
TI  - A new method to measure the haemoglobin oxygen saturation by the oxygen
      electrode.
AB  - We describe a new polarographic method to measure the haemoglobin oxygen
      saturation in whole blood, employing up to 10 microliters of sample in a standard
      case. The measurement is done in an anaerobic stainless-steel cuvette (1 ml)
      recording three oxygen tension values: (1) that of an air-equilibrated buffer
      before the addition of the sample; (ii) that after the addition of the sample;
      and (iii) that after the addition of an oxidant. The haemoglobin oxygen
      saturation is then calculated from the three oxygen tension values, the volume of
      the reagents, and the solubility coefficient of oxygen. This method is simple,
      inexpensive and accurate, and correlates well with other standard methods.

PMID- 6833711
TI  - Kinetics of protein agglomeration. A nephelometric method for the determination
      of total protein in biological samples.
AB  - The kinetics of agglomeration of proteins precipitating in a viscous solution was
      measured by light scattering. The resulting transitory maximum was linearly
      proportional to the mass of protein over three orders of magnitude. The change in
      scattering intensity is described as a change in scattering symmetry due to a
      continuous increase in particle size. This method is both fast (minutes) and
      sensitive (30 ng protein) and is independent of the chemical composition of the
      different protein species and is barely influenced by size and shape of the
      proteins. By solubilising the protein samples in an alkaline dodecyl sulfate
      solution this method can be applied to all types of biological samples (e.g.
      tissue homogenates, membrane proteins) and also to all types of biological
      preparations containing detergents as well as urea, sucrose, salts and lipids.

PMID- 6833712
TI  - Residue-specific radioimmunoanalysis: a novel analytical tool. Application to the
      C-terminus of CCK/gastrin peptides.
AB  - Five antisera directed against the common bioactive C-terminal tetrapeptide
      sequence of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin were examined with respect to the
      significance of each residue for the antibody binding. Systematic substitutions
      and/or derivatizations of each of the four residues showed a unique pattern for
      each antiserum although they were raised against the same antigen and have the
      same sequence-specificity. The pattern of reactivity towards the related
      cardioexcitatory FMRF amide peptide, and analogues hereof confirmed the residue
      specificity of the antisera. While it is well known that even small covalent
      modifications of the antigen can influence the antibody binding profoundly, the
      great variations in significance of each residue among randomly selected antisera
      raised against the same antigen and specific for the same sequence has not been
      known so far. Hence, by appropriate combination of antisera their different
      residue specificity can be used for detection of amino acid substitutions or
      modifications. Such immunochemical sequence analysis requires only femto- or
      picomolar amounts of peptides, which need not necessarily be purified. Thus,
      residue-specific immunoanalysis may be a versatile tool in studies of species
      differences, phylogenesis and synthesis of peptides.

PMID- 6833713
TI  - Study of the water--collagen system by NMR cross relaxation experiments.
AB  - The present work is a study of cross relaxation between water and collagen by NMR
      pulse techniques. This cross relaxation experiment is easy to set up for NMR
      spectrometers and gives further information supplementary to other experiments.
      Relaxation parameters derived from this method provide a sensitive means of
      monitoring the hydration-dependent behaviour of different types of collagen.

PMID- 6833714
TI  - Effects of non-neural mechanisms on pyrethroid structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Structural requirements for high insecticidal activity in pyrethroid insecticides
      are very stringent. Observed structure-activity relationships may arise either
      from specificity at the site of pyrethroid action in the nervous system, from
      selectivity in the pharmacokinetic processes governing the appearance and
      persistence of compounds at that site, or from a combination of these mechanisms.
      Recent studies of the metabolism of trans and cis isomers of pyrethroids in
      insect tissue preparations in vitro and of their pharmacokinetic behavior in
      insects in vivo permit an assessment of the impact of non-neural mechanisms on
      the toxicity differences observed between these isomers.

PMID- 6833715
TI  - Toxicological properties of trialkyl phosphorothioate and dialkyl alkyl- and
      arylphosphonothioate esters.
AB  - Impurities such as O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (TMPD) and the S-methyl
      isomer of malathion (isomalathion) strongly potentiated the mammalian toxicity of
      malathion. In contrast, impurities present in the phosphoramidothioate
      insecticide acephate had an antagonizing effect on its mammalian toxicity. The
      potentiation of the toxicity of malathion was attributed to inhibition of
      mammalian liver and serum carboxylesterase. O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate
      (TMP), another impurity present in technical malathion and in other
      organophosphorus insecticides, proved to be highly toxic. Rats given a single
      oral dose of TMP at a level as low as 20 mg/kg died over a period of three weeks,
      with death occurring with non-cholinergic signs of poisoning. TMPD also caused
      similar delayed death in rats. O,O,O-Trimethyl phosphorothioate (TMP=S), also
      another impurity in technical malathion and a structural isomer of TMP, was a
      potent antagonist to the delayed toxicity of TMP. Examination of a number of
      related trialkyl phosphorothioate and dialkyl alkylphosphonothioate esters
      revealed several of these compounds to be highly toxic to rats.

PMID- 6833717
TI  - Placental exchange area in guinea pigs following long-term maternal exercise: a
      stereological analysis.
AB  - We have used stereological techniques to measure the peripheral labyrinth
      exchange area of the guinea pig placenta in groups of animals which were
      exercised 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 min daily throughout pregnancy. The surface area
      of the maternal lacunae in the peripheral labyrinth decreased linearly as a
      function of exercise duration, and the maternal volumes of each exercised group
      were consistently lower, but not linearly. Placental diffusing capacity for
      carbon monoxide decreased as a function of exercise duration (r = - 0.88, P less
      than 0.05). Placental CO diffusing capacity was directly proportional to both
      maternal surface area of a given volume of peripheral labyrinth (mm2/mm3) (r =
      0.43, P less than 0.01), and to the total surface area of the placenta (mm2 .
      g/mm3) (r = 0.53, P less than 0.001). In addition, diffusing capacity correlated
      to the total fetal surface area (mm2 . g/mm3), (r = 0.53, P less than 0.001).
      Average fetal and placental weights did not change significantly in the different
      exercise groups. Individual fetal weights were proportional to placental
      diffusing capacity and to both the total maternal and fetal placental exchange
      area. These results demonstrate for the first time that diffusing capacity of the
      guinea pig placenta is a function of the surface area of the placenta.

PMID- 6833716
TI  - Fetal growth and placental diffusing capacity in guinea pigs following long-term
      maternal exercise.
AB  - To determine the critical level of maternal exercise which produces effects on
      fetal weight and placental diffusing capacity, we measured the relationship
      between increasing levels of exercise and its effect on the fetus. Hartley guinea
      pigs with dated pregnancies were exercised on a treadmill (9.7 m/min at a 6.5%
      gradient) at one of five exercise levels (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min/day). We
      measured placental diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DPCO) fetal body and
      organ weights, placental weight, and maternal body and heart weights near term
      (63-64 days). Fetal body weight, kidney weight, and placental weight decreased as
      a function of increasing exercise level, decreasing 13, 13, and 21% respectively
      at 60 min/day exercise. DPCO1 decreased from a control value of 2.92 +/- 0.23 to
      2.33 +/- 0.10 ml. min-1 torr-1 kg fetal wt in the 15 min/day exercise group, 2.17
      +/- 0.08 in the 30 min/day group 2.16 +/- 0.11 in the 45 min/day group, and 2.65
      +/- 0.31 in the 60 min/day exercise group. The decrease in placental weight along
      with the decrease in DPCO per kg of fetal weight suggests that with progressive
      maternal exercise the fetus is compromised by a smaller than normal placenta with
      less diffusing capacity.

PMID- 6833718
TI  - Left ventricular systolic time intervals and plasma noradrenaline concentrations
      during acute hypovolaemia in newborn infants.
AB  - Left ventricular systolic time intervals and plasma noradrenaline concentrations
      were determined in twelve newborn infants during acute moderate hypovolaemia.
      Rapid withdrawal of 8.5 ml of blood per kg body weight shortened the left
      ventricular ejection time from 204 to 176 msec (P less than 0.001) and increased
      the plasma noradrenaline concentration from 3.4 to 4.0 nmol/l (P less than 0.05).
      Systemic blood pressure was unchanged. It is concluded that even a moderate
      reduction in blood volume is associated with marked changes in left ventricular
      dynamics. The shortening of left ventricular ejection time during hypovolaemia
      probably reflects left ventricular adaptation to decreased volumes and response
      to increased noradrenaline release.

PMID- 6833719
TI  - Upper limb reconstruction in quadriplegia: functional assessment and proposed
      treatment modifications.
AB  - The functional results following reconstruction of key grip (40 limbs in 30
      patients) and active elbow extension (14 limbs in 9 patients) in higher spinal
      level quadriplegic patients were reviewed and results were classified as follows:
      Good result (55% of operated limbs)--Patients were very pleased with the greater
      ease and capabilities in performing functional activities. Fair result (30%)-
      Patients were moderately satisfied; thumb instability and poor finger position
      during pinch were the two greatest sources of dissatisfaction. Poor result (15%)-
      Patients were disappointed, usually because of progressive contracture,
      spasticity, or pain. On preoperative assessment, these were the weakest patients
      or those who had the longest interval between injury and surgery. In 10 of 14
      limbs functionally active elbow extension was obtained, although the long
      convalescent time was a deterrent. Based on these results, the modifications in
      the following areas of treatment protocol were made: (1) Patient selection--Of
      those patients with only minimum levels of functional resources, only the most
      highly motivated should have elective reconstructive surgery. (2) Surgical
      technique--Procedures to better stabilize the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint and
      to assist in positioning the other digits during pinch include a stronger
      tenodesis of the thumb extensor tendons to the metacarpal and tenodesis of the
      superficialis tendons of the index and long fingers to the proximal phalanx.
      Other procedures include modification of the methods of attachment of tendon
      transfers to shorten convalescence following reconstruction of active elbow
      extension. (3) Postoperative care--postoperative problems develop insidiously.
      Frequent reassessment is mandatory.

PMID- 6833720
TI  - Clinical application of transcutaneous oxygen measurements in replantation
      surgery and free tissue transfer.
AB  - In 65 replantations and 18 free tissue transfers (6 toe-to-thumb and 12 free
      flaps) transcutaneous oxygen levels were used as a postoperative monitoring
      system of the microcirculation. In successful replants and successful free tissue
      transfers an identical pattern of oxygen levels was observed. In failing replants
      or free tissue transfer, PO2 levels react immediately to changes in
      microcirculation and these changes in PO2 appear several hours earlier than the
      clinical symptoms or changes in temperature. This enables salvage operations
      after circulatory failure caused by thrombosis to be performed before
      irreversible tissue damage occurs.

PMID- 6833721
TI  - The effect of preoperative arteriography on vascular endothelium and replant
      survival in rabbit ears.
AB  - Although contrast media injected during arteriography is known to decrease
      microcirculatory blood flow and alter oxygen delivery capacity of the red blood
      cell, its effect on the vascular endothelium is unknown. This experiment was
      designed to determine if there were any alterations in arterial or venous
      endothelial anatomy by scanning electron microscopy and whether replant survival
      was decreased following arteriography. Our results suggest that when the
      injection pressure of arteriography is carefully controlled, the contrast media
      used in this experiment has no effect on vascular endothelium in rabbit ears
      examined 30 minutes and 24 hours after arteriography. Furthermore, the survival
      rate of replanted rabbit ears is not affected by arteriography 24 hours prior to
      replantation. We conclude that preoperative arteriography remains a valuable tool
      in the planning of free composite tissue transfer but, based on this study,
      cannot rule out mechanical complications of arteriography that may be deleterious
      to free tissue transfer.

PMID- 6833722
TI  - The treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with prolonged
      continuous stellate ganglion blockade.
AB  - Twenty-nine consecutively treated patients over a 5-year period with upper
      extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy were admitted to Massachusetts General
      Hospital for prolonged continuous stellate ganglion blockade. Diagnosis was based
      on the presence of pain, decreased joint motion, trophic changes, and vasomotor
      disturbances. Selection for blockade was made on the failure to improve with
      outpatient physical therapy, tranquilizers, and mild analgesics. Treatment
      consisted of indwelling-catheter injections of bupivacaine hydrochloride every
      eight hours to the stellate ganglion for an average of 7 days, supplemented with
      vigorous physical therapy. Improvement during treatment was documented in all but
      two patients with regard to pain and decreased joint motion and in two-thirds
      with regard to trophic and vasomotor changes. Long-term follow-up demonstrated a
      relapse rate of 25%, but marked improvement persisted in the rest and normal
      status was attained in four of 26 patients at an average of 3 years later.

PMID- 6833723
TI  - Hands on stamps.

PMID- 6833724
TI  - Degenerative joint disease of the trapezium: a comparative radiographic and
      anatomic study.
AB  - The accuracy of radiographic evaluation of the pantrapezial joints and the
      anatomic incidence of pantrapezial arthrosis, were studied by comparing
      radiographs with anatomic dissections of 68 cadaver hands. When the trapezium
      thumb metacarpal joint demonstrated degenerative changes, multitrapezial joint
      changes were noted in 73% radiographically, but in only 46% anatomically. The
      major reason for this discrepancy was a radiographic misinterpretation of the
      nature of osteophytes near the trapezium-index metacarpal joint. Anatomic changes
      of degenerative joint disease were noted in 60% of the trapezium-thumb metacarpal
      joints and 34% of the trapezium-scaphoid joints. Degenerative joint changes were
      rare in the trapezium-index metacarpal and trapezium-trapezoid joints. Routine
      anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs of the hand cannot be depended
      upon to provide adequate visualization of all the trapezial joints.

PMID- 6833725
TI  - A staged technique for the repair of the traumatic boutonniere deformity.
AB  - A step-by-step approach to the systematic management of chronic boutonniere
      deformity due to trauma is presented. If surgical intervention is necessary, the
      problem should be approached one step at a time. The following stages are
      described: stage I, tendolysis of the extensor tendon and freeing of the
      transverse retinacular ligament; stage II, sectioning of the transverse
      retinacular ligament; stage III, tendon lengthening of the lateral bands over the
      middle phalanx; and stage IV, repair of the central extensor tendon. After
      managing 23 patients according to this plan, we have concluded that it is
      frequently unnecessary to automatically go through all four stages in treating
      chronic traumatic boutonniere deformity. We found that 17 patients were
      successfully managed by some combination of stages I, II, and III, and six
      patients received adequate treatment with stages I, II, and IV.

PMID- 6833726
TI  - Free nail bed graft for treatment of nail bed injuries of the hand.
AB  - Free full-thickness grafts of nail bed of the lesser toes or an amputated
      fingertip were successfully performed on 11 fingers of 10 patients since 1979. In
      nine patients in whom the nail beds had been severely crushed or lost, but the
      nail matrix was intact, the end results of this technique were excellent. In one
      patient in whom both the nail bed and matrix had been lost, free grafting of the
      toenail bed and matrix was performed, with a good result. The procedure can be
      used when restoring the length of the tip in fingertip amputation if used in
      combination with local skin flaps such as V-Y advancement or local rotation
      flaps.

PMID- 6833727
TI  - Selective finger transposition and primary metacarpal ray resection in multidigit
      amputations of the hand.
AB  - In multidigit amputations parts with the most favorable prognosis (cleaner
      amputation, less crushed, short ischemia time) can be "selectively" replanted in
      positions most appropriate to providing useful function and cosmetic
      acceptability, regardless of their anatomic origin. Digits with poor prognosis
      are not reattached. These principles are applied in four selected cases involving
      multidigit amputations proximal to the proximal interphalangeal joints in which
      the least traumatized digits were selectively joined to the more ulnar metacarpal
      rays; intervening metacarpal shafts were primarily resected to clear the first
      web space of obstructing bony stumps. The narrowed palmar arch, although weaker,
      achieves wider palmar span grasp. Fingers in contiguity, although fewer in
      number, allow improved precision handling, chuck pinch, and cosmetic
      acceptability.

PMID- 6833728
TI  - Restoration of elbow flexion by pectoralis major and pectoralis minor transfer.

PMID- 6833729
TI  - The extended palmar advancement flap.
AB  - A technique is presented that permits resurfacing up to 3 cm of palmar skin loss
      from the thumb, while preserving thumb length, minimizing thumb joint flexion
      contracture, and providing normal sensibility. The classic Moberg palmar
      advancement flap is extended proximally onto the thenar eminence. The radial and
      ulnar defects created by the distal advancement of the flap are closed by two
      additional local rotation flaps. Scarring is acceptable and follows natural
      lines. The technique is applicable for both primary repair and secondary
      reconstruction.

PMID- 6833730
TI  - Postural changes in thenar paralysis and their significance.
AB  - A comparison of postures in 145 thumbs having paralysis of some, all, or none of
      the intrinsic muscles showed that the carpometacarpal joint was more
      hyperextended when only the extrinsic muscles were present. When the opponens and
      short flexor were also working hyperextension was less apparent. The
      metacarpophalangeal joint was flexed when only the extrinsic muscles were working
      and in less flexion when the opponens was also present. The joint was stable in
      flexion when the extrinsic muscles, opponens and short flexor were all present.
      The interphalangeal joint was flexed when only the extrinsic muscles were
      working, in less flexion when the opponens was also present, and stable in
      extension when the intrinsic muscles, opponens, and flexor pollicis brevis were
      all present. This study shows that the function of the opponens and short flexor
      muscles are both necessary to obtain the optimal balance of forces for thumb
      function.

PMID- 6833731
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the hand--report of two cases.
AB  - Sarcoidosis occurring as an isolated manifestation in the hand can pose a
      diagnostic problem. Skin, muscle, tendon sheath, and bone may be affected. The
      unusual clinical picture and operative findings are often misleading and
      malignancy may be suspected. Two cases of isolated involvement of bone and muscle
      are described.

PMID- 6833732
TI  - Scaphoid impression fracture: a case report.

PMID- 6833733
TI  - Compression arthrodesis of the thumb.
AB  - A retrospective study of all patients who had undergone thumb arthrodeses at the
      Denver Orthopedic Clinic since 1972 was undertaken to determine the incidence of
      satisfactory results with the Micks External Compression Fixator. Sixty-six
      patients underwent 82 metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal arthrodeses that
      resulted in bony fusion in 81 cases. Indications for surgery included pain,
      instability, and collapse-type thumb deformity. Complications in the 81
      successful cases included three that required a second procedure, one for
      nonunion and two for loss of position. There were eight cases of pin track
      drainage that cleared with removal of the device and did not adversely influence
      the outcome. Joints arthrodesed with external compression formed bony union in
      approximately half the time required for bony unions with Kirschner wire
      fixation. The fused position of either metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal
      joints did not influence patient satisfaction, and all patients were satisfied
      with their surgery and demonstrated satisfactory use of the thumb.

PMID- 6833734
TI  - Hoffmann pelvic stabilization for injuries to the hand and wrist.
AB  - We have used the pelvic Hoffmann technique successfully on two patients requiring
      flap coverage and have had no difficulty with its management nor complications
      with the pelvic pin fixation. We feel that this type of fixation provides
      significant advantages for the treatment of hand and forearm injuries requiring
      flap coverage for avulsing injuries to the hand and wrist.

PMID- 6833735
TI  - Management of chronic rotary subluxation of the scaphoid by scapho-trapezio
      trapezoid arthrodesis.

PMID- 6833736
TI  - False aneurysm of ulnar artery in Guyon's canal.

PMID- 6833737
TI  - Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis in a woman with asymptomatic gonorrhea.

PMID- 6833738
TI  - One hundred tendon grafts for isolated flexor digitorum profundus injuries.

PMID- 6833739
TI  - The histochemistry of steroid hormone "receptors".

PMID- 6833740
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in human fibroblast cultures using
      a cell surface replica technique.
AB  - The pericellular fibronectin-containing matrices of human foreskin fibroblasts
      cultured in ascorbate-supplemented medium were examined using surface replicas.
      An extensive filamentous network is present over and between adjacent cells, with
      a considerable amount at points of cell-to-cell contact. Indirect
      immunocytochemical localization of the distribution of fibronectin and
      procollagen type III within the matrix was done using the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) sandwich technique. The PAP molecule with the surrounding
      diaminobenzidine reaction product appears as a globular particle of approximately
      39 nm in surface replicas. The apparent size of the marker was larger (60-80 nm)
      when bound to pericellular fibronectin, due presumably to the binding of more
      than one PAP complex to each fibronectin molecule. The immunocytochemical data
      suggest that fibronectin is a component of most, if not all, matrix fibrils. Some
      of the smallest filaments of the matrix (5-10 nm) exhibit a periodic, beaded
      appearance, with a repeat distance of approximately 70-100 nm. After either anti
      fibronectin or anti-procollagen type III labeling, the filaments were decorated
      at regular 70-100 nm intervals with the globular marker. We suggest that the
      periodicity may be due to fibronectin molecules bound to collagen microfibrils at
      regular intervals. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of combined surface
      replica and immunocytochemical techniques for analysis of matrix components of
      cultured cells.

PMID- 6833742
TI  - Segmentation of cell nuclei in tissue section analysis.
AB  - Image segmentation is a critical step in digital picture analysis, especially for
      that of tissue sections. As the morphology of the cell nuclei provides important
      biological information, their segmentation is of particular interest. The known
      segmentation methods are not adequate for segmenting cell nuclei of tissue
      sections; the reason for this lies in the optical properties of their images. We
      have developed new gradient methods of segmentation of previously presegmented
      images by taking these properties into account and by using the approximately
      circular shape of the cell nuclei as a priori information. In our first
      technique, the segment method, the images of the nuclei are divided into eight
      segments, special gradient filters being defined for each segment. This has
      enabled us to improve the gradient image. After searching for local maxima, the
      contours of nuclei can be found. In the second method, the method of
      transformation into the polar coordinate system (PCS), the a priori information
      serves to define a circular direction field for gradient computation and contour
      finding. In contrast with the first method, which offers a rapid, general idea
      about the nuclear shape, the PCS method permits precise segmentation and
      morphological analysis of the cell nuclei.

PMID- 6833741
TI  - Mannose-specific binding sites for horseradish peroxidase in various cells of the
      rat.
AB  - Mannose-specific binding sites for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were studied in
      fixed sections of various tissues by a method reported previously. Liver
      sinusoidal cells, mast cells of lymph nodes, and alveolar macrophages of the lung
      and skin fibroblasts were main cell types showing mannose-specific binding of
      HRP. Macrophages, fibroblasts, and mast cells in the connective tissue of other
      organs also showed the reaction. However, macrophages of the spleen, and cultured
      3T3 cells and L-cells did not give the reaction. The specificities of the binding
      reaction were studied by determining the approximate concentrations of competing
      sugars that suppressed the specific binding of HRP. It was found that the
      endogenous lectins in macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, and liver sinusoidal
      cells showed similar specificities toward various carbohydrates. D-Mannose and L
      fucose had the highest affinity toward the lectins (competing ability for the
      binding of HRP). D-Mannose-6-phosphate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-glucose, D
      ribose, and D-arabinose showed intermediate affinity, whereas D-xylose and D
      galactose showed low affinity. Polymerized mannose in mannan and glycoproteins
      rich in mannose groups (invertase and ribonuclease B) showed much higher affinity
      to the binding sites than free mannose.

PMID- 6833743
TI  - Monocytic origin of human alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The monocytic lysosomal acid esterase (AcE; EC 3.1.1.6) comprises five
      isoenzymes, each having specific isoelectric points (pI) as well as antigenicity.
      In the present study attempts were made to retrace the monocytic origin of human
      alveolar macrophages (AM) by comparison of their isoenzyme patterns with those of
      blood monocytes. Resident AM obtained from bronchial lavages lacking any
      neutrophils and unstimulated monocyte admixture showed in addition to the five
      monocytic isoenzymes nine additional isoenzyme loci. In vitro stimulation of
      blood monocytes (BM) using lymphokine-conditioned media led to a gradual
      transition of the typical monocytic isoenzyme pattern into that of AM. It is
      concluded that AM originates from blood monocytes by tissue-specific stimulation.
      This cellular transformation can be modeled in vitro as far as morphology,
      cytochemistry, and isoenzyme pattern are concerned.

PMID- 6833744
TI  - Epidemiological features of bovine tuberculosis in cattle herds in Great Britain.
AB  - Particular epidemiological features of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle
      herds in Great Britain during the period 1972-8 were examined. During these seven
      years 1099 herds became infected, the mean annual incidence of herd infection
      being of the order of one infected herd per 1000 cattle herds. Infection in herds
      was predominantly a sporadic occurrence; 938 (85.4%) herds experienced only one
      incidence of infection which persisted for less than 12 months. The concentration
      of infected herds in localized areas of the south-west region of England, where
      infected badgers were the most significant attributed source of infection, is
      demonstrated. The risk of herd infection in relation to badger sett density was
      also examined in Cornwall, Gloucestershire/Avon and counties in England and Wales
      outside the south-west region of England. The numbers of herds at risk in six
      categories of badger sett density in these three areas were estimated from three
      random samples of herds drawn from the annual agricultural census. In Cornwall
      and Gloucestershire/Avon herd infection, associated with infected badgers or for
      which no source of infection could be found, was positively associated with
      badger sett density. A similar association between herd infection, not
      attributable to a source of infection, and badger sett density was found in
      counties in England and Wales outside the south-west region of England.

PMID- 6833745
TI  - Studies on well water and possible health risks in Katsina, Nigeria.
AB  - Well water was sampled from all four major wards in Katsina town. All 20 samples
      taken showed high coliform counts. Sixty-five per cent contained greater than or
      equal to 2400 coliforms per 100 ml while the remainder had counts ranging from 79
      to 920. Faecal coliforms and non-cholera vibrios were detected in all samples.
      There was no significant relationship between the coliform counts and the
      distances of latrines to wells, water table to ground level, slope relationship
      between wells and latrines, the pH of water and whether the wells were left
      permanently open or not. Salmonella sp., Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
      were each isolated from about 10% of the samples, while Proteus sp. was isolated
      from 40%, Citrobacter sp. 15%, Alcaligenes sp. 5% and an unidentified Gram
      negative rod from 5%. Only 2 (10%) of the sampled households, representing 23
      (9.6%) of the 239 people exposed to well-water had pipeborne water in addition.
      It was concluded that well water in Katsina town could be a human health hazard.

PMID- 6833746
TI  - Salmonella montevideo infection in sheep and cattle in Scotland, 1970-81.
AB  - Outbreaks of abortion associated with infection by Salmonella montevideo have
      affected sheep in the east, especially the south-east, of Scotland each year
      since 1972. Disease in the north and north-east was usually less severe. Between
      1 January 1970 and 31 December 1981, a total of 67 incidents affecting sheep were
      reported by veterinary laboratories to the Communicable Diseases (Scotland) Unit,
      87% of which presented during the main lambing months of February, March and
      April. Twenty-one episodes of bovine infection were also recorded over the same
      period, 17 of which involved single animals only, usually an aborted cow or a
      scouring calf. Despite intensive investigations, neither the origin nor the mode
      of spread of S. montevideo infection among sheep and cattle in Scotland have been
      established with any certainty, although there has been considerable evidence
      indicating the role of scavenging wild birds, particularly seagulls, as vectors
      transmitting infection to other farms in the same district. Also largely
      unexplained are the differences in the epidemiology and clinical pattern of
      disease in the south-east compared to the north and north-east, while sheep in
      the west of Scotland have remained virtually unaffected throughout.

PMID- 6833747
TI  - Vaccination against rubella and measles: quantitative investigations of different
      policies.
AB  - This paper uses relatively simple and deterministic mathematical models to
      examine the impact that different immunization policies have on the age-specific
      incidence of rubella and measles. Following earlier work by Knox (1980) and
      others, we show that immunization programmes can, under some circumstances,
      increase the total number of cases among older age groups; the implications for
      the overall incidence of measles encephalitis and of congenital rubella syndrome
      are examined, paying attention both to the eventual equilibrium and to the short
      term effect in the first few decades after immunization is initiated. Throughout,
      we use data (from the U.K., and U.S.A. and other countries) both in the
      estimation of the epidemiological parameters in our models, and in comparison
      between theoretical predictions and observed facts. The conclusions defy brief
      summary and are set out at the end of the paper.

PMID- 6833748
TI  - Suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses: demonstration of two stages
      occurring in the in vitro generation of suppressor macrophages.
AB  - The suppressor macrophages generated by in vitro culture of spleen cells are
      shown to be derived from nonadherent splenic precursors. The induction of
      suppressor macrophage generation requires the presence of both plastic-adherent
      and plastic-nonadherent spleen cells during the first 24 to 48 hr of culture.
      After this induction period, the primed nonadherent cells can continue to
      generate suppressor macrophages through several serial transfers. The primed
      nonadherent spleen cell population is predominantly comprised of cFcR+ cells (40
      to 50%) and Thy-1+ cells (40%), many of which appear to be undergoing
      blastogenesis. The generation of suppressor macrophages appears to proceed in two
      stages. The first stage is radiosensitive and has a minimum duration of 1 to 2
      days. Although this stage initially coincides with the inductive period, it is
      also required for the continuous propagation of the suppressor macrophages upon
      serial transfer of the nonadherent spleen cells. The second stage is
      radioresistant and has a maximum duration of 2 to 3 days. The in vitro events
      thus bear similarities to events occurring during in vivo differentiation and
      activation of effector macrophages. It is suggested that the in vitro generation
      of suppressor macrophages may be one component of syngeneic mixed lymphocyte
      responses when spleen cells are used as the responding population, and that the
      suppressors represent part of a regulatory system controlling lymphocyte and
      macrophage differentiation and activation.

PMID- 6833749
TI  - Local production of IgG4 in human colostrum.
AB  - Total IgG4 levels were determined in 27 colostrum and 27 plasma paired samples by
      using RIA techniques, and total IgG was determined on the same pairs by using
      radial immunodiffusion. In colostrum, the mean IgG4 level was 4.6 micrograms/ml
      (0.6 to 19.0), and in the plasma the mean IgG4 level was 170.5 micrograms/ml (30
      to 920). IgG averaged 42.3 micrograms/ml (12 to 240) in colostrum and 7980.9
      micrograms/ml (3250 to 16,000) in plasma. Of colostral IgG, 15.3% was IgG4,
      whereas only 3.5% of plasma IgG was IgG4. Specific IgG4 antibodies to beta
      lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, bermuda grass, and alpha-gliadin were also
      assayed. In six patients, strong evidence was found for local mammary production
      of IgG4-specific antibodies.

PMID- 6833750
TI  - Capping of complement receptors on human neutrophils induced by group A
      streptococcal cell walls.
AB  - Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers derived from group A streptococcal cell
      walls (PG-PS) were opsonized with either purified C3 or normal human serum and
      were used as a probe to investigate the mobility of CR1 and CR3, the C3b and iC3b
      receptors, respectively, on human neutrophils. Incubation of monolayers or cell
      suspensions of neutrophils with PG-PS opsonized with C3b or serum resulted in
      capping of PG-PS, as detected by fluorescein-labeled antibody to PS. No binding
      of PG-PS to neutrophils was observed with heat-inactivated serum. By 30 min the
      cell walls were internalized and observed in one to three vacuoles. Capping was
      totally inhibited when PG-PS opsonized with C3b or serum was preincubated with
      Fab'-anti-C3b. Similar inhibition was observed when C3b-opsonized PG-PS was
      incubated with neutrophils that were preincubated with anti-CR1 or fluid-phase
      C3b; only partial inhibition of neutrophil capping was observed by using serum
      opsonized PG-PS. Because anti-CR1 blocks only the C3b receptor, the cap formation
      observed with serum-opsonized PG-PS is probably due to CR3. These results suggest
      that both CR1 and CR3 on neutrophils cap after stimulation by group A
      streptococcal cell wall fragments.

PMID- 6833751
TI  - Genetic control of low-dose streptozotocin-induced autoimmune diabetes in mice.
AB  - Multiple treatment with low doses of streptozotocin induces in mice an
      experimental autoimmune diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia and lymphocytic
      infiltrations of pancreatic islets. We have studied the genetic control of the
      disease. Low-dose streptozotocin treatment was performed in mice of H-2 congenic
      strains on B10, C3H, or A background. Blood glucose concentrations were followed
      up to 100 days. Among the various B10 and C3H strains, significant differences in
      the development of diabetes (hyperglycemia) are noted demonstrating that genes
      within the H-2 complex influence the susceptibility to the diabetogenic effect of
      low-dose streptozotocin treatment. The congenic mouse strains on A background did
      not differ significantly in the diabetic response to streptozotocin. The analysis
      of B10 recombinant strains shows that genes coding for susceptibility are located
      in the centromeric (left) side of the H-2 complex. Evidence for an additional
      role of non-H-2 genes is given by comparison of mouse strains carrying the same H
      2 haplotype on different genetic background genomes: B10.S (H-2s), B10.S(7R) (H
      2t2), and C3H.SW (H-2b) are resistant to the diabetic effect of low-dose
      streptozotocin treatment, whereas A.SW (H-2s), A.TH (H-2t2) and B10 (H-2b) are
      susceptible to diabetes development.

PMID- 6833752
TI  - Inflammation-induced changes in rabbit CRP and plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Inflammation is accompanied by changes in the plasma concentrations of "acute
      phase reactants" including the C-reactive proteins of man and other species.
      Previous results in our laboratory showed that CRP in rabbit acute phase serum
      may circulate in association with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which
      influence both the apparent m.w. and electrophoretic mobility of CRP. We now show
      that the ability of VLDL to interact with CRP varies with time during the acute
      phase response. Before the induction of inflammation, the factor(s) responsible
      for the beta-mobility of CRP is present at low levels in the VLDL. During the
      first 24 hr of the acute phase response, the activity can no longer be
      demonstrated in the VLDL fraction. By 36 to 48 hr after inflammatory stimulation,
      a significantly increased level of this factor(s) is measurable in VLDL.
      Furthermore, during the acute phase response, the alpha-lipoproteins decrease,
      and the beta- and pre-beta lipoproteins increase. The increase in beta- and pre
      beta-lipoproteins is due to an accumulation of VLDL isolated at d less than 1.006
      g/ml. These changes are accompanied by marked hypertriglyceridemia and a
      significant increase in phosphocholine-containing phospholipids. A non-CRP
      apoprotein present in low amounts in VLDL from normal rabbit plasma appears to
      increase in VLDL as inflammation progresses. This VLDL apoprotein increases in
      response to multiple acute phase stimuli and may be a newly recognized acute
      phase reactant in the rabbit.

PMID- 6833753
TI  - Affinity requirements for antibody assays mapped by monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6833754
TI  - Clearance kinetics and fate of mouse IgA immune complexes prepared with monomeric
      or dimeric IgA.
AB  - To determine the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) involved in experimental IgA
      nephropathy, the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of soluble IgA immune
      complexes in mice were investigated. Purified radiolabeled dimeric (dIgA) and
      monomeric (mIgA) IgA antidinitrophenyl, obtained from MOPC-315, were covalently
      cross-linked with a bivalent affinity-labeling antigen, bis-2,4-dinitrophenyl
      pimelic ester. After i.v. injection, heavy polymers (greater than 1.2 X 10(6)
      m.w.) were rapidly removed from circulation. Analysis of circulating intermediate
      latticed complexes by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that
      polymers with a minimal composition of four dIgA or eight mIgA were required for
      rapid elimination. The dIgA and mIgA complexes with lattices smaller than this
      critical size were removed at slower rates (yielding a t1/2 of 35 min for
      complexes with dIgA and a t1/2 of 60 min for complexes with mIgA). Tissue
      distribution of both dIgA and mIgA immune complexes was similar. The liver was
      the major organ involved in uptake of IgA immune complexes with an insignificant
      amount in the bile. Heavy polymers of dIgA or mIgA were predominantly localized
      in the hepatic nonparenchymal cells.

PMID- 6833755
TI  - Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: a graded
      response to membrane stimulation.
AB  - We have developed a quantitative assay to monitor the oxidative burst (H2O2
      production) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) using single cell analysis by
      flow cytometry, and have examined whether PMNL respond to membrane stimulation
      with an all-or-none oxidative burst. During incubation with normal neutrophils,
      dichlorofluorescin diacetate diffused into the cells, was hydrolyzed to 2',7'
      dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) and was thereby trapped within the cells. The
      intracellular DCFH, a nonfluorescent fluorescein analogue, was oxidized to highly
      fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by PMNL stimulated by phorbol
      myristate acetate (PMA). That the oxidative product was DCF was shown by
      excitation/emission spectra and by mass spectrometry of the product from PMA
      stimulated PMNL. Normal resting and PMA-stimulated PMNL oxidized 6.9 +/- 0.7 and
      160 +/- 13 attomoles DCF per cell, respectively, in 15 min. Absence of calcium
      and magnesium ions and/or addition of 2 mM EDTA did not inhibit DCF formation by
      PMNL stimulated by 100 ng/ml PMA. Since EDTA prevented aggregation of PMNL (even
      when stimulated by 100 ng/ml PMA), which would prevent accurate flow cytometric
      analysis, further experiments were performed with EDTA in the medium. A close
      correlation between average DCFH oxidation and hexose monophosphate shunt
      stimulation was demonstrated using cells from patients whose PMNL had oxidative
      metabolic defects of varying severity. Intracellular DCFH was also oxidized by
      reagent H2O2 or oxygen derivatives generated by glucose oxidase + glucose or by
      xanthine oxidase + acetaldehyde; DCFH oxidation by these systems was inhibited by
      catalase but unchanged by superoxide dismutase. The data indicate that the DCFH
      oxidation assay is quantitatively related to the oxidative metabolic burst of
      PMNL, and they strongly suggest that the reaction is mediated by H2O2 generated
      by the PMNL. Incubation of PMNL with varying concentrations of PMA caused graded
      responses by all PMNL present; i.e., 1 ng/ml PMA caused a mean response of 34%
      maximal with a single population of responding PMNL (rather than 66% resting and
      34% fully stimulated as predicted by the all-or-none hypothesis). Thus, with
      these assay conditions, oxidative product formation by PMNL occurs as a graded
      response to membrane stimulation by PMA.

PMID- 6833756
TI  - Selective defect of natural killer and killer cell activity against lymphomas in
      SJL mice: low responsiveness to interferon inducers.
AB  - Three unrelated inbred strains of H-2s mice, SJL/JN, A.SW, and B10.S, were
      classified according to the levels of splenic NK activity against susceptible
      lymphoma targets, with or without prior administration of the interferon (IFN)
      inducer p-I:C to the prospective donors of splenocytes: 1) SJL/JN had low
      endogenous activity that responded poorly to p-I:C-induced augmentation; 2) A.SW
      exhibited low levels of spontaneous activity that were inducible to higher levels
      by p-I:C; and 3) B10.S showed high endogenous levels of activity that were
      augmented to a still higher level by p-I:C treatment. In vitro incubation of
      spleen cells with partially purified IFN-beta for up to 12 hr augmented NK
      activity of A.SW and B10.S but not of SJL mice. The relative levels of K cell
      mediated ADCC in the three strains were similar to those of NK activity,
      including augmentability by p-I:C; however, the capacity to perform three
      additional cell-mediated immune functions, i.e., natural cytotoxicity against a
      fibrosarcoma target, adherent cell-mediated ADCC against antibody-coated chicken
      RBC, and alloimmune T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against appropriate targets, did
      not distinguish one strain from another. The low NK phenotype in SJL/JN remained
      distinctive throughout postnatal life, but there was a tendency for the highest
      levels of NK activity to occur in 4 to 8-wk-old mice.

PMID- 6833757
TI  - Circulating DNA-containing immune complexes in SLE.

PMID- 6833758
TI  - Human natural killer cells analyzed by B73.1, a monoclonal antibody blocking Fc
      receptor functions. I. Characterization of the lymphocyte subset reactive with
      B73.1.
AB  - We describe the production of the monoclonal antibody B73.1, reacting with a
      subset of human lymphocytes and, in about one-half of the donors, with
      neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the peripheral blood from normal
      adult donors, 14.6 +/- 8.5% of the lymphocytes react with B73.1 antibody. The
      B73.1(+) lymphocyte subset does not bear markers of typical T or B cells and
      corresponds to the lymphocyte subset containing antibody-dependent killer (K) and
      natural killer (NK) cells. We demonstrate that: a) virtually all lymphocytes with
      K/NK cytotoxic activity are found in the lymphocyte subpopulation bearing the
      B73.1-defined antigen; b) the B73.1(+) lymphocyte subset bears the combination of
      antigens known to be present on K/NK cells; and c) there is a positive
      correlation between the level of cytotoxicity and the actual number of B73.1(+)
      lymphocytes in individual donors. We also report the distribution of B73.1(+)
      lymphocytes according to donor age and tissue types. The use of the B73.1
      antibody in quantitating the actual number of K/NK cells and in performing
      functional studies on spontaneous cytotoxicity is discussed.

PMID- 6833759
TI  - Use of monoclonal anti-gp70 antibodies to mimic the effects of the Rfv-3 gene in
      mice with Friend virus-induced leukemia.
AB  - During the course of progressive Friend virus-induced leukemia in Rfv-3r/s mice,
      antiviral antibody caused a marked reduction in the frequency of leukemic spleen
      cells releasing infectious virus. We investigated the mechanism of this antibody
      induced alteration of leukemia cell phenotype in a series of passive transfer
      experiments using monoclonal antiviral antibodies. Our results indicated that two
      IgG2a anti-gp70 cytotoxic antibodies could reduce the frequency of virus
      producing cells within the leukemic spleen as well as maintain the virus
      nonproducing phenotype once it was established. IgG2a and IgG2b monoclonal anti-p
      15 antibodies, IgM, and IgA anti-gp70 antibodies, and an IgG3 anti-p 15(E)
      antibody were not effective. The mechanism of this phenotypic alteration appeared
      to involve an antibody-mediated cytostasis of virus-producing leukemia cells with
      the subsequent over-growth of virus-nonproducing cells. The maintenance of the
      virus-nonproducing phenotype was dependent on the presence of anti-gp70
      antibodies capable of neutralizing and clearing infectious F-MuLV in vivo. The
      presence of these neutralizing antibodies appeared to prevent reinfection of
      virus-nonproducing cells and therefore interfered with reversion to the virus
      producing phenotype.

PMID- 6833760
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity to Newcastle disease virus in high and low interferon
      producing mice.
AB  - Since it was previously shown that IFN, under certain conditions, can stimulate
      sensitization to SRBC, we examined the intensity and duration of DH to NDV in
      high and low IFN-alpha and -beta producing mice that carried either the h or I
      allele at the If-1 locus. In C57BL/6 mice (If-1h) DH to NDV is of higher
      intensity and longer duration than in BALB/c (If-1l). Evidence that this
      difference is related to the higher IFN-alpha and -beta production induced by NDV
      in C57BL/6 mice was obtained by comparing DH to NDV in C57BL/6 (If-1h) mice and
      in mice of three congenic strains, carrying the If-1l allele on a C57BL/6
      background (B6.C-H-28c-If-1l). In the latter, DH to NDV was much more of BALB/c
      than of C57BL/6 type, since after footpad challenge a significant reaction was
      only observed at 24 hr and no longer at 48 hr. When the low endogenous IFN
      production of the If-1l congenic mice was compensated for by giving extra IFN
      alpha and -beta a few hours after sensitization with NDV, DH was enhanced. If, on
      the other hand, anti IFN-alpha and -beta globulins were administered to either
      C57BL/6 or If-1l congenic mice immediately after sensitization with NDV, DH was
      decreased. These results indicate that, on a C57BL/6 background, the
      establishment of DH to NDV is influenced by the alleles at If-1, determining the
      levels of endogenous IFN-alpha and -beta induced by NDV.

PMID- 6833762
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of natural killer cytotoxicity. II. coculture of human
      PBL with NK-sensitive or resistant cell lines stimulates release of natural
      killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive target
      cells.
AB  - This investigation has employed the "innocent bystander" type of experimental
      design to determine whether soluble cytotoxic factor(s) are released during
      interactions between human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and NK-sensitive
      target cells. PBL cocultured with NK-sensitive Molt-4 or K562 target cells in the
      lower well of a miniaturized Marbrook culture released natural killer cytotoxic
      factors (NKCF), which diffused across a 0.2-mu Nucleopore membrane and lysed Molt
      4 or K562 target cells cultured in the upper chamber. Coculture of PBL with the
      NK-resistant Raji or WI-L2 cell lines also induced release of NKCF. These factors
      were selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive targets and lysed Molt-4 and, to a
      lesser extent, K562 cells. However, Raji, WI-L2, and RPMI 1788 cells were all
      resistant to lysis. In addition, low density fractions from Percoll density
      gradients that were enriched for NK effector cells also released increased levels
      of NKCF during coculture with Molt-4 cells. Lysis of Molt-4 and K562 targets was
      observed after exposure to NKCF for 48 hr and 60 to 70 hr, respectively. Cellfree
      supernatants containing NKCF were obtained after a short time of incubation
      (i.e., within 5 hr of coculture of PBL with NK target cells). The factors were
      nondialyzable, stable at 56 degrees C for 3 hr, and showed partial loss of
      activity on storage at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for 7 days. These data
      suggest that NKCF may be involved in the lytic mechanism of human NK cell
      mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6833761
TI  - Purification of a major membrane protein of Toxoplasma gondii by immunoabsorption
      with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The principal iodinatable surface protein (P30) of our cloned RH strain of
      Toxoplasma gondii has an apparent molecular weight of 30,000, as measured by
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate under
      reducing conditions. Monoclonal antibody B specifically immunoprecipitated
      protein P30 from a detergent extract of surface radioiodinated T. gondii.
      Monoclonal antibody B in the presence of complement was also parasiticidal for T.
      gondii, and this parasiticidal effect could be blocked by protein P30. Monoclonal
      antibody B was purified from mouse ascitic fluid and linked to cyanogen bromide
      activated Sepharose. The resulting immunoabsorbent was used to purify 1.7 mg of
      protein P30 from a large number of parasites. The efficiency of recovery of
      protein P30 was measured by assays of radioactivity and of parasiticidal blocking
      activity. Protein P30 represented 3 to 5% of the total protein. It is also
      present in a recently isolated strain of T. gondii. A convalescent human
      antitoxoplasma serum immunoprecipitated radiolabeled protein P30. Three
      convalescent antisera when quantitated by an ELISA test had a high anti-protein
      P30 titer. Charge shift electrophoresis showed that protein P30 has an extensive
      hydrophobic region and thus is probably an integral membrane protein.
      Electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions showed no evidence that protein P30
      exists as a disulfide linked homo- or heterodimer, although it probably has
      intramolecular disulfide bonds.

PMID- 6833763
TI  - Column separation of monocytes by adherence to gelatin beads.
AB  - This investigation was performed to study whether the efficient binding of
      collagen to monocytes in the presence of fibronectin and heparin may be used for
      separation of monocytes from human peripheral blood. It was shown that monocytes
      adhere selectively to gelatin bead columns in the presence of fresh plasma and
      heparin. Mononuclear blood cells are rapidly depleted of monocytes by passage
      through a 5-10 ml column at a flow rate of 1.5-2.0 ml per min. Adhering
      lymphocytes are more loosely attached and may be detached by stirring and
      washing, while the monocytes can be eluted by 50 mM EDTA. This separation
      technique is suitable for combination with various other methods since it is
      rapid, allows convenient handling of large numbers and yields cells with very
      high viability. Although most B lymphocytes pass through the column without
      attaching, there is some enrichment of B cells and non-T, non-B cells among the
      adherent lymphocytes.

PMID- 6833764
TI  - Primary cultures of human blood-born macrophages grown on hydrophobic teflon
      membranes.
AB  - Human blood-born monocytes have been cultivated on the hydrophobic side of Teflon
      foils (fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer) using human pooled AB-serum as
      essential growth factor. At any stage of culture these in vitro maturing
      macrophages can easily be detached from the Teflon membrane and subjected to
      further experimentation. Once established, primary macrophage cultures can be
      maintained in medium containing 10% FCS for up to 3 months. Lysozyme secretion
      increased more than 10-fold during the sequential process of monocyte
      transformation into macrophages and correlates with cell number and stage of
      maturation. The ability to inhibit growth of human permanent tumor cell lines
      also developed during macrophage maturation. Studies on the cells of 22 healthy
      donors revealed a reproducible activity of mature macrophages against K562 and
      MOLT4 tumor cells. Our system will facilitate investigations on various aspects
      of human macrophage differentiation and function.

PMID- 6833765
TI  - Utilization of the biotin/avidin system to amplify the sensitivity of the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - The biotin/avidin system was incorporated into the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) technique to increase the sensitivity of the standard ELISA for the
      detection of mouse antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen ((anti-HBs and HBsAg,
      respectively). Two biotin/avidin ELISA designs were studied. In both assays, 96
      well polystyrene plates were coated with HBsAg, post-coated with 0.5% gelatin and
      incubated with dilutions of mouse anti-HBs. In the biotin/avidin (BA) ELISA,
      reagents were added to antibody reacted wells in the following sequence:
      biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG (b-GAMG), avidin-alkaline phosphatase (Av-AP)
      and substrate. The order of reactants after mouse antibody in the
      biotin/avidin/biotin (BAB) ELISA was b-GAMG, avidin, biotinylated alkaline
      phosphatase (b-AP) and substrate. The sensitivities of BA ELISA, BAB ELISA and a
      standard ELISA using a glutaraldehyde conjugated goat anti-mouse enzyme were
      compared to AUSAB (a commercial radioimmunoassay) using a panel of 23 mouse anti
      HBs sera. All 3 ELISAs were more sensitive than AUSAB; the standard ELISA, BAB
      ELISA and BA ELISA were respectively 50, 1173 and 4134 times more sensitive than
      AUSAB for detection of mouse anti-HBs activity.

PMID- 6833767
TI  - Liquid crystal thermography. A method for monitoring temperature gradients in
      microtitration plates.
AB  - Precise quantitative heat transfer information in microtitration plates can be
      obtained by filling the wells of a microtitration plate with cholesteric liquid
      crystals and incubating the plates at the desired temperature in different
      incubators. The liquid crystals indicate temperature by changes in discrete
      reproducible colors over various temperature ranges. With these instrumented
      plates, interwell thermal gradients may be documented visually and are in close
      agreement with results obtained by using wire thermocouple measuring techniques.

PMID- 6833766
TI  - Measurement of phagocytosis utilizing 51Cr-labeled tannic acid treated
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Macrophages recognize and ingest tannic acid treated erythrocytes (TAE) by a
      mechanism which does not involve the well characterized receptors for
      immunoglobulin and complement. Since the TAE are susceptible to osmotic lysis, a
      clear distinction can be made between erythrocytes which are ingested from those
      attached to the phagocytes' surface. We present a quantitative assay for
      macrophage phagocytosis using 51Cr-labeled TAE. Uptake of TAE was linearly
      related to the incubation time during the first 40 min, and increased with the
      TAE concentration in a log fashion. Furthermore, both attachment and ingestion
      were positively related to the concentration of tannic acid used to pretreat the
      erythrocytes. As an example of the application of the method, we compared the
      ingestion of TAE with that of opsonized erythrocytes (EA) by resident and
      elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. While the uptake of EA by thioglycollate
      induced macrophages was increased by a factor of approximately 7 over the
      resident population, the uptake of TAE was only stimulated 2.3-fold. The method
      will be useful in comparative physiological and pharmacological studies of
      immunological and non-immunological phagocytosis by macrophages.

PMID- 6833769
TI  - Use of monoclonal anti-rat IgE in a radioimmunoassay for antigen specific rat
      IgE.
AB  - A monoclonal mouse anti-rat IgE, ELIVB5 (B5) was used in a solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) to detect antigen specific IgE in antisera from rats
      infected with a larval nematode. Binding of 125I-labeled B5 was specific for rat
      IgE and did not crossreact with human IgE. The RIA was used to demonstrate
      crossreactivity between antigens of closely related larval nematodes.

PMID- 6833768
TI  - Stripping of endogenous ligands from antisera against glucagon.
AB  - In some antisera raised against glucagon in rabbits a large fraction of the
      antibody binding sites are occupied by glucagon-like material which appears to be
      of endogenous origin. Six rabbits were immunized with a glucagon-albumin
      conjugate, boosted twice and bled 5 times during the course of 72 days. The
      antisera were found to contain between 110-750 nmol/l antibody-bound glucagon.
      The concentration of bound glucagon as well as the concentration of free antibody
      binding sites (titre) increased with time in 5 rabbits. By gel chromatography the
      bound material co-eluted with intact pancreatic glucagon (as opposed to the
      immunogen). Five different methods were examined for their ability to remove the
      ligand. Charcoal treatment of the antiserum at pH 2.5 for 48 h removed 91 +/- 5%
      of the bound ligand. After stripping, binding capacities (titres) and binding
      affinity (equilibrium constants) amounted to 63.2 +/- 19.4% and 105.0 +/- 25.4%
      of the respective pre-stripping values.

PMID- 6833770
TI  - Rapid screening of monoclonal antibodies: new 'microstick' radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A new system for assaying monoclonal antibodies consisting of an 8 x 12 array of
      sticks which fits into a 96-well microtiter plate is described. Tests using virus
      specific monoclonal antibodies and virus proteins demonstrated sensitivity
      equivalent to the conventional microtiter plate assay. Antibody production,
      antigen specific antibody, and immunoglobulin isotypes could be measured under
      sterile conditions directly in the original fusion mixture wells and with much
      greater rapidity than with the microtiter plate assay.

PMID- 6833771
TI  - Evaluation of methods using adherence to substrate and density gradient for the
      isolation of human monocytes.
AB  - A new method for monocyte isolation based on cell adherence to gelatin-coated
      plastic and dislodgement of the adhering monocytes at low temperature was
      compared with 5 other methods based on cell adherence to substrate and density
      gradient separation. All methods produced yields of monocytes ranging
      approximately between 50-70% with about the same degree of purity (less than 90%)
      except for the method using Percoll density gradient centrifugation where the
      purity of monocytes was about 80%. When lidocaine at different concentrations was
      used for cell dislodgement or Percoll density gradient for separation,
      phagocytosis, Fc receptor function and cytotoxicity were adversely affected,
      unlike in methods using EDTA or low temperature for dislodgement of the adherent
      cells. In monocyte chemotaxis assays the rate of migration was affected but not
      the number of migrating cells for all the isolation procedures investigated. Cell
      spreading function was apparently well maintained only when gelatin coated
      plastic was used for adherence and low temperature for cell dislodgement. These
      data indicate that the newly described method, similar to methods using EDTA for
      cell dislodgement, yielded relatively intact monocytes but unlike the latter
      method with better preserved cell spreading. Thus, this method can be considered
      for standardization to obtain pure monocyte populations from peripheral blood
      which then can be submitted for comprehensive biochemical and physiologic
      studies.

PMID- 6833772
TI  - Isolation of human basophils by flow microfluorometry.
AB  - Human mononuclear cells labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgE antibody
      were subjected to flow microfluorometric analysis. Basophils were enriched to 97
      99% purity with a 2-step cell sorting procedure. Trypan blue exclusion of sorted
      cells exceeded 90% and the net yield of the procedure was 15%.

PMID- 6833773
TI  - Kinetic analysis of bacterial clearance in mice using the ESTRIPc and KINET
      microcomputer programs.
AB  - Two BASIC microcomputer programs, ESTRIPc and KINET, were used to analyze the
      kinetics of bacterial clearance from the blood and mesenteric lymph nodes of
      mice. Because of the similarities between the clearance of bacteria and the
      clearance of drugs from tissue, blood pharmacokinetic techniques were applied to
      the analysis of bacterial clearance data. The ESTRIPc program, developed for
      pharmacokinetic analysis and modified for the study of bacterial clearance, was
      employed to fit the experimental data of bacterial survival versus time to a
      polyexponential equation with 1, 2, or 3 terms. The KINET program, written
      specifically for kinetic analysis of bacterial clearance, uses the biexponential
      equation constants derived with ESTRIPc to calculate half-life values, rate
      constants, and other useful kinetic parameters. The combined use of these
      programs permits precise comparisons of the clearance rates of different
      bacterial species from the blood or tissues of experimental animals.

PMID- 6833774
TI  - Rapid fractionation of serum immunoglobulins by high pressure liquid gel
      permeation chromatography. Application to routine serologic procedures.
AB  - High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to separation of IgM from
      IgG and IgA for the detection of virus-specific antibodies by routine serologic
      methods. Serum samples of 250 microliter were fractionated on a HPLC protein
      column after filtration for use in rubella haemagglutination inhibition after
      preabsorption with kaolin. The protein fractions were examined for IgM, IgG and
      IgA content and for cross contamination. The relative recovery after kaolin
      absorption was satisfactory: IgM greater than 60%, IgG greater than 90%, IgA
      greater than 90%. The immunoglobulin M was well separated. IgG/IgA contamination
      of the fraction was less than 0.2%/ less than 0.5%. The IgM and IgG fractions
      were used without further treatment in haemagglutination inhibition, complement
      fixation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Highly specific results in the
      diagnosis of acute viral diseases (Rubella, Herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus) and
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae were obtained.

PMID- 6833775
TI  - Functional identification of serum complement components following
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate.
AB  - A method is described for detecting the active complement components C6 and C7
      after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of whole serum in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The method involves the removal of SDS by washing
      with non-ionic detergent followed by the application of an erythrocyte/agarose
      gel to detect haemolytic activity. Two forms of human C6 with apparent molecular
      weights of approximately 121,000 daltons and 114,000 daltons were observed. Major
      activity resided in the 121,000 dalton species. The 2 forms of human C6 were not
      related to known genetic polymorphisms for this component. Analysis of sera from
      different animal species showed that not all possessed the 2 forms of C6 and that
      there were interspecies differences in C6 molecular weights. These are most
      marked in the case of human and murine C6; the major form of murine C6 had a
      molecular weight approximately 20,000 daltons less than the major human form. One
      form of human C7 with an apparent molecular weight of 104,000 daltons was seen.
      The molecular weights of C7 from the various animal sera tested did not differ
      significantly from this. Studies with reducing agents and metabolic inhibitors
      showed that both C6 and C7 required intact disulphide bonds and sulphydral groups
      for functional activity.

PMID- 6833776
TI  - Digital vascular imaging.

PMID- 6833777
TI  - Acoustic neuromas: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6833778
TI  - Lung cancer: a comparison of incidence between the Amish and non-Amish in
      Lancaster County.

PMID- 6833779
TI  - Acute dissection of the aorta recent advances in diagnosis and surgical therapy.

PMID- 6833780
TI  - The association of malabsorption syndrome with a Campylobacter fetus infection.

PMID- 6833781
TI  - DNA repair in cells from patients with actinic keratosis.
AB  - UV-induced DNA repair was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients
      with multiple actinic keratoses (AK) requiring surgical therapy and from age
      matched normal control individuals. The DNA repair activity in lymphocytes from
      AK patients at 4 h after UV-irradiation was 50% of that in control lymphocytes,
      but at 21 h the extent of DNA repair synthesis was similar to that in control
      cells.

PMID- 6833782
TI  - Embryonic maturation of sensory terminals of primate facial hairs.
AB  - The present study examines the sequence of maturation of sensory nerve terminals
      that can be identified on primate facial guard hairs. At birth, the sensory
      innervation of both guard and vellus hairs is mature in that lanceolate, Ruffini,
      and free nerve ending (FNE) terminals can be identified and resemble those of the
      adult. Presumptive lanceolate terminals can be identified at the beginning of the
      third trimester of gestation, and other axons present are either Ruffini or FNEs,
      but definite identification is not possible. In the latter half of the second
      trimester only axons arranged circumferentially are present, resembling FNE or
      Ruffini terminals. Some of these axons directly abut the hair follicle and might
      eventually become lanceolate endings. The earliest nerve terminals associated
      with hairs cytologically resemble FNE or Ruffini terminals. At the onset of hair
      differentiation in the early part of the second trimester, nerves were always
      associated with developing epithelial hair placodes. Branching Schwann cells in
      the axons radiating toward the epidermis in these youngest embryos studied were
      best identified by electron microscopy. The early development of afferent nerve
      fibers in hairy skin provides an anatomical substrate for the known reflexogenic
      activity of primate embryos. Adequate cytologic criteria are thus available for
      the identification of sensory terminals in growing, differentiating, and
      presumably regenerating axons in primate hairy skin.

PMID- 6833783
TI  - Proline analogues inhibit human skin fibroblast growth and collagen production in
      culture.
AB  - Several structural analogues of proline have been shown to be incorporated into
      proteins in place of proline. As a consequence, the proliferation of cells in
      culture and the extracellular deposition of collagen in animal systems are
      reduced. In this study, the effects of two proline analogues, cis-4-hydroxy-L
      proline and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, on the growth parameters and
      procollagen production by cultured normal human skin fibroblasts were examined.
      The results indicated that incubation of the cells with the analogues reduced the
      rate of fibroblast proliferation and lowered the plating efficiency. Further
      experiments demonstrated that fibroblasts in the presence of L-azetidine-2
      carboxylic acid synthesized procollagen polypeptides which were not in a triple
      helical conformation, as judged by limited pepsin proteolysis. Also, a
      significantly increased fraction of the newly synthesized collagenous peptides
      was in a dialyzable form, suggesting increased degradation of the nonhelical
      chains. The rate of translation of collagenous polypeptides and the
      preprocollagen messenger RNA activity in the cells were not affected by the
      analogues. The proline analogues thus appear to inhibit the production of
      procollagen on the posttranslational level by preventing the polypeptides from
      folding into a stable triple-helical conformation. The nonhelical polypeptides
      are then readily susceptible to proteolysis leading to reduced deposition of
      extracellular collagen fibers. Similar experiments were also performed with
      fibroblasts cultured from patients with active progressive systemic sclerosis.
      Quantitatively and qualitatively comparable inhibition of procollagen production
      by L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid was noted with scleroderma cells as with control
      fibroblast cultures. The results suggest, therefore, that proline analogues may,
      in the future, prove useful in limiting excessive collagen deposition in
      scleroderma and other forms of dermal fibrosis.

PMID- 6833784
TI  - Quantitative analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in hair and melanomas.
AB  - In this study, a method is provided for analyzing quantitatively the content and
      the class of melanin pigments in the tissues, e.g., hair and melanoma. The method
      is simple and rapid because it does not require the isolation of melanins from
      the tissues. The rationale was that permanganate oxidation of eumelanin yields
      pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) as its major pyrrolic product, which may
      serve as a quantitatively significant indicator of eumelanin, while hydriodic
      acid hydrolysis of pheomelanin yields amino-hydroxyphenylalanine (AHP) as a
      specific indicator of pheomelanin. The degradation products, PTCA and AHP, were
      determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sepia melanosome-melanin
      and synthetic 5-S-cysteinyldopa-melanin served as reference standards of
      eumelanin and pheomelanin, respectively. Our method provided data that
      corresponded well to the content and class of melanins in normal hair. Based on
      this control study, it was found that the melanins in the melanosomes of both B16
      and Harding-Passey (HP) melanomas were eumelanic and that the melanin content in
      B16 melanosomes was more than 10 times higher than that in HP melanosomes, though
      these two melanosomes revealed distinct colors and ultrastructures, i.e., brown
      black, eumelanosome-like granules in B16 and reddish- or light-brown,
      pheomelanosome-like granules in HP.

PMID- 6833785
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide release from eosinophils: quantitative, comparative studies of
      human and guinea pig eosinophils.
AB  - Eosinophils play an important role in host defense against parasitic infection,
      employing both oxidative and nonoxidative systems to effect damage. The active
      oxygen product, hydrogen peroxide, either alone or in combination with the enzyme
      eosinophil peroxidase, may damage parasites. These studies use a sensitive
      fluorometric assay to document the release of hydrogen peroxide from guinea pig
      peritoneal exudate eosinophils and human peripheral blood eosinophils. Guinea pig
      eosinophils released 0.13 +/- 0.02 (n = 10) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min under
      resting conditions which were markedly increased when stimulated by phorbal
      myristate acetate (PMA, 1 microgram/ml) [4.80 +/- 0.50 (19) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5
      min], preopsonized zymosan [2.40 +/- 0.17 (4) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min], or
      latex beads [1.14 +/- 0.26 (5) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min]. Normal human
      peripheral blood eosinophils had greater resting release of hydrogen peroxide
      [0.34 +/- 0.05 (8) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min], but were less effectively
      stimulated by PMA [3.12 +/- 0.57 (9) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min], preopsonized
      zymosan [0.78 +/- 0.16 (8) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos/5 min] or latex beads [0.69 +/-
      0.32 (6) nmol H2O2/10(5) eos] (p less than or equal to 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide
      release was markedly enhanced by the presence of exogenous glucose and was
      linearly dependent upon cell number when the soluble stimulus PMA was used.
      Particle-stimulated hydrogen peroxide was not necessarily enhanced by increases
      in the particle:cell ratio. The demonstration of the release of large amounts of
      hydrogen peroxide from eosinophils is further support for the concept that
      eosinophils play an active role in host defense.

PMID- 6833787
TI  - Minimal phototoxic doses of 8-MOP plasma levels in PUVA patients.

PMID- 6833786
TI  - The origin of plant sterols in the skin surface lipids in humans: from diet to
      plasma to skin.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that plant sterols found in the skin surface lipids of
      humans originated from diet after their absorption from intestine into plasma and
      then transferred to skin, we studied the 24-h excretion of plant sterols and
      cholesterol from skin and in feces in a hyperlipoproteinemic (type IIa) patient
      fed formula diets providing varying quantities of plant sterols (0-30 g/day) and
      cholesterol (0-1000 g/day). Upon feeding a sterol-free diet, the beta-sitosterol
      excretion from the skin decreased progressively, from about 6 mg/day to 0.08
      mg/day by 83 days and then completely disappeared. With addition of plant sterols
      (about 30 g/day) to the diet, beta-sitosterol reappeared in the skin surface
      lipids and rose to nearly 5 mg/day by 6 weeks. With feeding of the sterol-free
      diet, the fecal excretion of beta-sitosterol and the 2 other plant sterols
      decreased gradually and by week 4 disappeared completely from the feces and
      continued to be absent from the feces as long as the diet was free of plant
      sterols. The results demonstrated clearly that plant sterols which were absorbed
      into the plasma from the diet were excreted into the skin surface lipids after
      being transferred from the plasma to the skin.

PMID- 6833788
TI  - Back to basics.

PMID- 6833790
TI  - The private practice of infectious diseases.

PMID- 6833789
TI  - Alteration of immune function by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C:
      possible role in toxic-shock syndrome.
AB  - Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C (PE-C) suppressed synthesis of IgM
      antibodies to sheep erythrocytes by in vitro cultures of murine and rabbit
      splenocytes. Maximal suppression was observed on day 4 of culture and at PE-C
      doses of 0.1 and 0.01 microgram per 10(7) splenocytes. Endotoxin, added to cell
      cultures containing PE-C, caused further suppression of IgM synthesis. Endotoxin
      alone added to cultures was not immunosuppressive. Sublethal doses of PE-C plus
      endotoxin also suppressed complement-fixing antibody responses in rabbits to
      sheep erythrocytes; neither agent alone was suppressive. Further, the combination
      of PE-C and endotoxin blocked reticuloendothelial clearance of colloidal carbon
      by 50% during a 20-min period. PE-C enhanced the skin reactivity of rabbits
      previously sensitized to purified protein derivative. One-half of rabbits
      immunized with PE-C emulsified in adjuvant failed to make antibody to PE-C during
      a 112-day period. The animals that were nonresponsive to PE-C were able to make
      antibodies to sheep erythrocytes.

PMID- 6833792
TI  - Infection due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex after
      augmentation mammaplasty: clinical and epidemiologic features.
AB  - Periprosthetic infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium
      chelonei occurred in 17 women over a 3.5-year period after implantation of
      prostheses for breast augmentation. The median incubation period for 16 of the
      women was 28 days (range, one week to over two years) after surgery; etiologic
      diagnosis was usually delayed for weeks to months. Odorless and serosanguineous
      or purulent material was found when the implants were removed, and acid-fast
      bacilli were often present when smears were examined. Wound infections were
      chronic and refractory to therapy with various antimicrobial agents. Persistent
      or recurrent mycobacterial infections complicated attempts to implant new
      prostheses. Whereas M. fortuitum isolates were susceptible to amikacin, multiple
      strains of M. fortuitum were distinguished by conventional antituberculous and
      broth microdilution susceptibility tests. Several clusters of infections were
      temporally and geographically related; however, sporadic cases were also
      reported, and no evidence of a contaminated common product or other single source
      of infection was found.

PMID- 6833791
TI  - Differential resistance to paralytic poliomyelitis controlled by
      histocompatibility leukocyte antigens.
AB  - To investigate whether genetic factors encoded by the histocompatibility
      leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex influence resistance to poliomyelitis, the
      pattern of inheritance of HLA haplotypes within affected families was studied.
      Seventeen informative families were available from a genetically homogeneous,
      unvaccinated community in The Netherlands after a single epidemic of
      poliomyelitis. Whereas none of 17 other polymorphic markers deviated from the
      expected Mendelian pattern of inheritance, the inheritance pattern of HLA
      haplotypes did. In sibpairs consisting of a patient with paralytic poliomyelitis
      and a nonparalytic control sib, significantly less sharing of HLA haplotypes was
      observed than would be expected by chance alone (P = 0.014). The sharing of HLA
      haplotypes between patients with nonparalytic poliomyelitis and healthy controls
      did not deviate significantly from the expected value. These data suggest that
      HLA-encoded genetic factors control resistance to the paralytic form of
      poliomyelitis.

PMID- 6833793
TI  - Pancytopenia due to hemophagocytosis in patients with brucellosis: a report of
      four cases.
AB  - In 42 patients with brucellosis who had bone-marrow cultures performed, five had
      hemophagocytosis, four of whom demonstrated peripheral hemocytopenia. All five
      patients with hemophagocytosis had Brucella melitensis isolated from both blood
      and bone-marrow cultures. Infectious diseases such as brucellosis should be
      considered in patients whose clinical picture suggests malignant histiocytosis,
      especially in geographic areas where brucellar infections are common.

PMID- 6833794
TI  - The primary hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine: adaptation of viral strain,
      production of vaccine, and pre- and postexposure treatment.
AB  - The hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine was investigated as a substitute for
      classical nervous tissue rabies vaccine. The Beijing strain of fixed rabies virus
      was adapted to primary hamster kidney cells (PHKCs), and four types of rabies
      vaccine (plain, adjuvant, concentrated, and concentrated adjuvant vaccines) were
      developed for human use. The potencies of the vaccines met the requirements of
      the World Health Organization, and these vaccines elicited rather satisfactory
      antibody responses in volunteers. The postexposure use of vaccine was evaluated
      in 301 individuals, 97 of whom had been bitten by proven rabid animals. None of
      the individuals contracted rabies during the observation period. After several
      years of field trials with both pre- and postexposure vaccines, the evidence
      indicates that the PHKC rabies vaccines are effective and safe for human use.

PMID- 6833795
TI  - A suspected hospital outbreak of pseudobacteremia due to Pseudomonas stutzeri.
AB  - Pseudomonas stutzeri was recovered from blood cultures of 24 patients from 1977
      through 1979 at one Mayo Clinic-affiliated hospital. During the investigation it
      was determined that aqueous green soap--used throughout the hospital to prepare
      the skin for iv insertions--had probably become contaminated with P. stutzeri.
      The use of aqueous green soap was discontinued, but eight additional cases of
      pseudobacteremia occurred in 1980-1981 and one case occurred in 1982. With one
      exception, all of the patients appeared to have pseudobacteremia rather than true
      bacteremia; the outbreak ceased only after aqueous green soap was deleted as a
      standard stock item from the hospital formulary.

PMID- 6833796
TI  - Serum arabinitol concentrations and arabinitol/creatinine ratios in invasive
      candidiasis.
AB  - Serum arabinitol concentrations and arabinitol/creatinine ratios were determined
      in 25 cancer patients with invasive candidiasis, 73 severely ill cancer patients
      who did not have invasive candidiasis, and 15 uninfected patients with chronic
      renal failure. Elevated arabinitol concentrations were found in patients with
      renal failure and invasive candidiasis. Serum arabinitol concentrations exceeded
      1.19 micrograms/ml in 13 of 18 patients with invasive candidiasis who were
      studied when renal function was normal and in three of 52 control patients. Among
      patients with renal failure, 10 of 14 with invasive candidiasis but only four of
      36 control patients had serum arabinitol concentrations of greater than 5.85
      micrograms/ml. Serum arabinitol and creatinine concentrations were strongly
      correlated. The arabinitol/ creatinine ratio exceeded 1.5 in 16 of 25 patients
      with invasive candidiasis but in only three of 88 control patients. Increased
      serum arabinitol concentrations appear to reflect increased production of
      arabinitol by yeast in individuals with invasive candidiasis.

PMID- 6833797
TI  - Use of and interpretation of results using inocula of hepatitis B virus with
      known infectivity titers.
AB  - The infectivity of three inocula (subtypes ayw, adr, and adw) of hepatitis B
      virus was evaluated by intravenous inoculation of 54 chimpanzees. End-point
      infectivity titers were 10(-7.5) (ayw), 10(-8.0) (adr), and 10(-7.0) (adw). In
      contrast, the end-point titers for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by
      radioimmunoassay were 10(-4) (ayw), 10(-4) (adr), and 10(-5) (adw). The mean
      incubation period for infections transmitted by each dilution of each of the
      inocula was inversely proportional to the amount of infectious virus in the
      dilution, but substantial overlap was observed among proximate dilutions. The
      severity of hepatitis in the chimpanzees differed among the inocula, but it was
      unrelated to the amount of virus inoculated. Thus, conclusions about the
      infectivity of hepatitis B virus after inactivation based on titers of hepatitis
      B surface antigen or on the inverse relationship between the incubation period
      and the end-point infectivity titer must be made with caution.

PMID- 6833798
TI  - Antibody-mediated modification of encephalitis induced by hamster neurotropic
      measles virus.
AB  - The acute encephalopathy induced by hamster neurotropic (HNT) measles virus in
      BALB/c mice was abolished, and a subacute encephalitis was induced instead, when
      antibody to Edmonston (Ed) measles virus was administered three days after
      inoculation of HNT virus. Ascites fluid from 79XIC1, a monocolonal antibody to
      the hemaglutinin of strain Ed, had similar effects in vivo. However, other
      monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of Ed strain--79XVV17 and 80IIIB2-
      were ineffective in vivo at all doses tested. By viral neutralization,
      immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays, it was shown that the
      hemagglutinin of HNT virus reacted with 79XIC1 antibody but lacked the epitopes
      recognized by 79XVV17 or 80IIIB2 antibody, a finding that explains their
      different reactivity in vivo. These observations also identified previously
      unrecognized antigenic differences between the hemagglutinin of Ed and HNT
      measles viruses.

PMID- 6833801
TI  - In vivo selection of resistance to multiple cephalosporins by enterobacter
      cloacae.

PMID- 6833799
TI  - Genetic analysis of clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides species.
AB  - The genetic basis of clindamycin and tetracycline resistance in species of
      Bacteroides was studied in 13 resistant clinical isolates; 10 isolates were
      resistant to high levels of clindamycin (greater than 160 micrograms/ml) and
      three were resistant to low levels of clindamycin (5-20 micrograms/ml). All of
      the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. None of the strains with low-level
      clindamycin resistance could transfer resistance to either antibiotic. Three
      isolates resistant to high levels of clindamycin transferred tetracycline
      resistance to a sensitive Bacteroides fragilis recipient, and one of these
      (strain 1126) also transferred high-level clindamycin resistance. None of the
      transfer-proficient strains of Bacteroides contained plasmid DNA. However, DNA
      homology was detected by hybridization between the clindamycin resistance plasmid
      pBF4 isolated in France and sequences in our high-level clindamycin-resistant
      strains from California. A common homologous 4.8 megadalton EcoR1 fragment was
      identified in the whole cell DNA of the transfer-proficient strain 1126 of B.
      fragilis and two other species of the B. fragilis group.

PMID- 6833800
TI  - Successful single-dose amoxicillin prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal
      endocarditis: evidence for two mechanisms of protection.
AB  - Amoxicillin prophylaxis against experimental endocarditis due to one nontolerant
      and two tolerant strains of streptococci was studied in rats. Single-dose
      amoxicillin protected against the two tolerant strains in animals challenged with
      the 90% infective dose (ID90), but protection diminished with increasing inoculum
      sizes. Protection against the nontolerant strain was successful with inocula that
      were 100- and 1,000-fold larger than the ID90. Close correlation existed between
      the speed of bacterial killing in vitro, the time of exposure to bactericidal
      levels in vivo, and the range of inocula against which prophylaxis was effective.
      Amoxicillin seemed to protect by at least two mechanisms. (1) When in vitro tests
      indicated adequate bacterial killing, protection was independent of the inoculum
      size and was probably conferred by bacterial killing. (2) When in vitro tests
      indicated bacterial inhibition but not killing, protection was inoculum-dependent
      and was probably mediated by inhibition of bacterial adherence.

PMID- 6833803
TI  - Adherence of candida species to intravenous catheters.

PMID- 6833804
TI  - Summary of a workshop on maternal genitourinary infections and the outcome of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6833802
TI  - Serotypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in bacteremic,
      hospitalized children.

PMID- 6833808
TI  - The physician and ethical problems in a nuclear world.

PMID- 6833807
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in male patients with Mediterranean
      spotted fever in Sardinia.

PMID- 6833805
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia in patients with typhoid fever.

PMID- 6833806
TI  - The presence of granulomas due to Brucella melitensis in hepatitis.

PMID- 6833809
TI  - Villous adenoma of the duodenum.

PMID- 6833812
TI  - [Adrenergic innervation and norepinephrine content in postnatal rat uterus].
AB  - Using fluorescent histochemical method and high performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detector, we investigated adrenergic innervation and
      norepinephrine content in the rat uterus in the process of the growth. The
      adrenergic nerve terminals in the rat uterus developed with age and reached to
      adult level at 7 weeks of age after birth, although the short adrenergic
      ganglionic cells and small intense fluorescent cells were present even at birth.
      Norepinephrine content per organ also increased with age and reached to adult
      level at 10 weeks of age after birth, while NE content per gram wet tissue weight
      had a peak in 3-day-old rat uterus. These morphological and biochemical data
      revealed that the sympathetic nervous system in rat uterus matures in 7 to 10
      weeks after birth, while the short adrenergic nervous system is accomplished in
      earlier stage. The maturation of adrenergic innervation in the uterus was
      considerably later than in the other organs of rat and developed with the sexual
      maturation.

PMID- 6833811
TI  - [A study on testosterone secretion in neonates].
AB  - Serum testosterone (T) concentrations in 106 umbilical venous bloods and 104
      neonatal venous bloods, which were obtained from preterm (32-36w) and term (36
      41w) infants, were measured by RIA. Cord T levels of boys were higher in preterm
      infants than in term infants, and those of preterm infants were higher in boys
      than in girls. Neonatal T levels of girls decreased following delivery. But those
      of boys increased after 10 days of life. T levels were higher in boys than in
      girls at 11-30 days of life. Differences between preterm and term infants were
      not significant.

PMID- 6833813
TI  - [Study on immunoreactive oxytocin in the human placental tissue].
AB  - Immunoreactive oxytocin in the human placenta was detected by the following
      procedure. The fresh placenta of each trimester was rinsed with cold normal
      saline, then homogenized. Its supernatant was assayed for oxytocin by sensitive
      and specific radioimmunoassay and the dilution curve of the placental tissue was
      plotted on the dose response curve of synthetic oxytocin. Through carboxy methyl
      cellulse (CMC) column chromatography the supernatant of the homogenate was eluted
      and was compared with that of synthetic oxytocin. The results are as follows: 1)
      The placental tissue content of immunoreactive oxytocin increases from
      30ng/placenta at first trimester to 4.8 micrograms at second trimester, 15
      micrograms at third trimester, respectively. 2) The mean immunoreactive oxytocin
      concentration of 1gm of the placental tissue is 2.5ng/gm at first trimester the
      significantly increases to 34ng/gm at second trimester maintaining the level till
      third trimester. 3) The dilution curve of placental tissue nearly parallels that
      of synthetic oxytocin. 4) The elution curve of placental tissue through CMC
      column chromatography shows similar pattern compared to that of synthetic
      oxytocin. Though the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland have been
      known as major sources of oxytocin, these data indicate that the placenta might
      be the third origin for oxytocin.

PMID- 6833810
TI  - [Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer
      of the ovary].
AB  - A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH
      isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
      cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma
      glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG),
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in
      patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control
      subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%)
      and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively.
      However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for
      patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were
      obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II
      diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and
      II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with
      early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme
      patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme
      resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the
      cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG,
      the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false
      positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early
      stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH
      activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly
      higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a
      significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it
      was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to
      identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.

PMID- 6833815
TI  - [Optimal frequency of cervical cancer cytology for mass-screening].
AB  - It is recommended that, as a general rule, all asymptomatic women in Japan
      undergo cervical cytology for cancer detection once a year. However, a new
      guideline issued by the American Cancer Society states that screening frequency
      may be reduced to once every three years except in certain cases. In our cancer
      screening program, a total of 434,773 women who had cervical cytology were
      evaluated according to cytological abnormalities and the following results were
      obtained: 1) The prevalence of cancer in women examined for the first time (0.175
      0.42%) was lower after repeated examinations (0.02-0.03%) and gradually reached
      the incidence rate. 2) Less that 0.016% developed cervical cancer after
      continuing to have a Class I grading for two years and we failed to detect
      invasive cancer in these cases. It is therefore considered sufficient for them to
      have a Pap test once every two years. 3) When we employed more limited criteria
      than those of Papanicolaou's classification, we derived a lower incidence rate
      for those who had maintained a Class I grading for two years continuously. 4)
      There was a remarkably high prevalence rate in old women, and because there are
      as yet no established criteria for atrophic smear cytology, we could not fix on
      the most desirable frequency of cervical cancer cytology for them.

PMID- 6833814
TI  - [The peripheral monocytic effect in patients with cervical carcinoma following
      radio- and immunopotentiation therapy].
AB  - Activation of the monocyte-macrophage system is the principal mechanism
      underlying host defense, immune response with lymphocytic interaction and defence
      against spontaneous arising tumors. In view of these fact, we investigated
      effects of radio- and immunopotentiation therapy (OK432) on the following
      processes in patients of stage III and IV cervical carcinoma. 1) Number of
      Monocytes determined by Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase and Wright staining. 2) The
      rate of glucose utilization assessed by Conray-Ficoll density gradient
      separation. Comparison was made among patients all received radiotherapies with
      and without subsequent immunopotentiation therapy. In healthy female individuals,
      the number of peripheral monocytes determined by esterase staining was 338.5 +/-
      52.6/microliters. Thus, immunopotentiation recovered the monocyte count, as long
      as the dose of OK432 was less than 8KE (679.3 +/- 78.5/microliters) (p less than
      0.05). The difference was also found in the glucose utilization by monocytes in
      radiotherapies, the utilization rate was small (98.2 +/- 1.3%), whereas it was
      much greater in immunopotentiation therapy (82.6 +/- 3.2%). These collectively
      indicate that the immunopotentiation therapy by OK432 results in non-specific
      activation of macrophage which will be evaluated as an indicator of cancer
      immunotherapy and will be also effective for the combined cytoreductive
      immunotherapies.

PMID- 6833820
TI  - [Management of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy].

PMID- 6833816
TI  - Malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratoma of the bilateral ovaries:
      adenosquamous carcinoma in the right tumor and squamous carcinoma in the left
      tumor.
AB  - An extremely rare case of malignant degeneration arising separately in benign
      cystic teratoma of the bilateral ovaries is reported in a 51-year-old woman. The
      solid part of the right tumour consisted basically of squamous cell carcinoma,
      but had a small area of adenocarcinoma, whereas the solid part of the left tumour
      consisted of squamous cell carcinoma. It was found that in both the cystic
      teratomas, squamous cell carcinoma had developed separately from the columnar
      epithelium by a process of squamous metaplasia and malignant change in situ. It
      is suggested that these malignant degenerations of benign cystic teratoma of the
      bilateral ovaries had occurred independently due to local carcinogenic agents in
      the constituents of each cyst content.

PMID- 6833821
TI  - Myasthenia gravis. Its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 6833817
TI  - Management of twin pregnancy--for the prevention of preterm delivery.
AB  - From a retrospective analysis of 38 consecutive cases of twins the authors have
      reached a conclusion that in the management of twins the following policy is
      applicable: 1. For every pregnancy, a routine ultrasonic examination should be
      done for the detection of twin earlier than 20 weeks of gestation. 2. Elective
      hospitalization or bed rest at home should be advised from a period of 30 weeks
      of gestation. 3. After 32 weeks of gestation, an increased antenatal assessment
      (including serial ultrasonography) and biophysical monitoring (such as
      simultaneous NST) should be done.

PMID- 6833819
TI  - Chromosomal radiosensitivity in meiotic oocytes of Chinese hamsters.
AB  - The X-ray sensitivity of unfertilized Chinese hamster oocytes was investigated.
      Female Chinese hamsters were exposed to a single X-ray dose of 200R at various
      preovulatory phases classified into 4 stages. These stages ranged from 12 hours
      to 5 estrous cycles before the time of collecting the oocytes. Chromosome
      analysis of the irradiated oocytes in metaphase-II was performed. The frequency
      of oocytes with abnormal chromosomes was compared with the non-irradiated
      control. The frequency of the oocytes with chromosome aberrations was 42.1% in
      the group in which females were irradiated at metaphase-I, 9.8% in the group
      irradiated at 2-4 days before the time of collecting the oocytes and 10.8% in
      that irradiated 1 estrous cycle before the time of collecting the oocytes. In the
      group irradiated at the 5th estrous cycle prior to the time of collecting the
      oocytes, the number of oocytes with chromosome aberrations could not be
      distinguished from that of the control. Comparing the frequency of oocytes
      carrying numerical chromosome aberrations with those carrying structural
      chromosome aberrations, there were more obvious differences in structural
      aberrations than in numerical ones among the irradiated stages. It was suggested
      that X-ray exposures of gonads, not only at postovulatory, but also preovulatory
      phases, may be hazardous and should be considered more carefully in the case of
      humans.

PMID- 6833823
TI  - Interstitial cystitis. A review of the literature.

PMID- 6833818
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium following prolonged use of an intrauterine
      device.
AB  - An Extremely rare case with the endometrial carcinoma induced by the prolonged
      (for 20 years) use of IUD (Oota Ring) was reported. The patient was a 57-year-old
      woman who visited our clinic claiming spotting, and the cancer was revealed by a
      D & C examination. Since no high risk factors for endometrial carcinogenesis were
      noted in this patient, it was inferred that prolonged use of IUD played an
      important role as a cocarcinogen. In particular, the mechanical action of the
      inserted IUD was thought to be responsible for carcinogenesis. The inflammatory
      reactions observed in the tumor tissues were considered to be the secondary
      changes induced by carcinoma.

PMID- 6833822
TI  - Skin cancer. Parameters for treatment.

PMID- 6833824
TI  - Drugs that increase the serum concentration of digoxin.

PMID- 6833825
TI  - Viscosity studies of deoxyhemoglobin S: evidence for formation of microaggregates
      during the lag phase.
AB  - To look for evidence for the formation of deoxy S microaggregates during the lag
      phase, the kinetics of gelation of purified deoxy S in dilute phosphate buffer
      were continuously monitored by a Wells-Brookfield cone and plate microviscometer.
      Three separate manipulations were performed during the lag phase. (1) The
      rotating cone of the viscometer was stopped for varying intervals and then
      restarted. (2) Samples were withdrawn from runs in mid-to-late lag phase
      ("poised") and reintroduced early in the lag phases of other runs with
      appropriate volume, temperature, and concentration adjustments. (3) Deoxy S was
      partially replaced in mid-lag phase by solutions with equivalent volumes,
      temperatures, and concentrations of deoxy A, F, or C or deoxygenated albumin. The
      results support the conclusions that (1) irreversible microaggregates are formed
      early in the lag phase, (2) their formation is favored by stirring, and (3) they
      are stable if the shearing is stopped for intervals up to six times the total lag
      times of control runs. Replacement of deoxy S by an equivalent concentration of
      deoxygenated nonsickle protein during the lag phase does not change the lag time,
      whereas mixtures of sickle hemoglobin and other proteins made before the reaction
      is initiated by temperature jump have markedly prolonged lag times. This suggests
      that once microaggregates of deoxy S are formed, the excluded volume effect of
      deoxygenated nonsickle hemoglobins or albumin supports polymerization at the same
      rate as sickle hemoglobin. These results are consistent with the proposed
      equilibrium nucleation/irreversible growth model of nucleation.

PMID- 6833826
TI  - Role of cytoplasmic and releasable ADP in platelet aggregation induced by laminar
      shear stress.
AB  - We examined the extent of lytic and sublytic platelet injury after exposure of
      platelets to shear stress and the role in shear-induced PAG of ADP liberated from
      platelets as a result of shear-induced platelet dense body release and/or
      platelet damage. Platelets in C-PRP or TAS were subjected to well-defined,
      laminar shear stress in a rotational viscometer, and PAG (loss of single,
      nonaggregated platelets), 14C-serotonin release, and loss from platelets of LDH
      and 51Cr were determined. Increased PAG with increasing shear stresses was
      associated with progressive loss of LDH and 51Cr. Loss of 51Cr was consistently
      in excess of that of LDH, indicating sublytic platelet injury, which was
      confirmed by electron microscopy. At the lowest shear stress used (50 dynes/cm2),
      PAG in C-PRP was observed in the absence of detectable loss of 51Cr or LDH. When
      platelets in TAS were sheared in the presence of CP/CPK, an enzyme system capable
      of removing extracellular ADP, PAG was only partially (approximately 40%)
      inhibited. However, when platelets were preincubated with CP/CPK and ATP (to
      saturate platelet ADP receptors), shear-induced PAG was almost completely
      suppressed. Similar results were obtained with PAG induced by collagen in the
      aggregometer. The findings indicate that (1) shear-induced PAG in this system may
      occur without measurable lytic or sublytic platelet damage and (2) ADP liberated
      from platelets as a result of shear-induced release or damage may represent the
      major if not sole mediator of shear-induced PAG.

PMID- 6833828
TI  - Glucocorticoid stimulation of blood coagulation factor activities in the fetal
      lamb.
AB  - Blood coagulation factor activities, including factors II, VII, IX, X, XI, and
      XII, are lower than normal in full-term infants and more severely depressed in
      premature infants. Previous studies in our laboratory using a fetal lamb model
      indicated that most coagulation factor activities increase during the latter part
      of the third trimester of pregnancy. Since glucocorticoid stimulation of the
      fetus accelerates fetal lung maturation in experimental models and in offsprings
      of mothers with impending premature labor, we hypothesized that glucocorticoid
      stimulation might induce increases in blood coagulation factor activities similar
      to those found near term. Two sets of experiments were carried out in chronically
      catheterized fetal lambs early in the third trimester (100 to 120 days
      gestation). In one set of experiments, one twin from each of 10 twin sets was
      infused with hydrocortisone (2 mg/hr for 48 hr). The twin sibling served as a
      control. In the other set of experiments, six pregnant ewes were given 15 mg of
      beta-methasone intramuscularly every 24 hr for two doses. Five pregnant ewes were
      injected with saline and used as controls. Fetal blood samples were obtained
      prior to and 48 hr after the start of the hydrocortisone infusions and prior to
      and 24 hr after the second dose of beta-methasone given to the pregnant ewes. The
      results of blood coagulation factor activities comparing glucocorticoid
      stimulated fetuses with controls demonstrated significant increases in the
      activities of blood coagulation factors II, V, VII, IX, and X in the stimulated
      fetuses. There were no significant changes in the activities of factors VIII, XI,
      or XII. The results confirmed the hypothesis that glucocorticoid stimulation
      increases many blood coagulation factor activities in the fetus.

PMID- 6833827
TI  - Marrow neutrophil mass in patients with nonhematological tumor.
AB  - The state of granulocytopoiesis was assessed in 15 patients with metastatic
      carcinoma without infection, overt protein-calorie malnutrition, splenomegaly, or
      prior chemotherapy. Seven patients had decreased total marrow neutrophil mass,
      accompanied by proportional reduction in marrow proliferative and
      nonproliferative neutrophil pool, without increased numbers or proliferative
      capacity of marrow CFC or myeloid mitotic index. Four patients had decreased MGR
      assessed with hydrocortisone, but only one had reduced marrow nonproliferative
      neutrophil pool. Neither MGR nor blood neutrophil count correlates significantly
      with nonproliferative neutrophil pool or the number of band and segmented
      neutrophils in the bone marrow. The blood neutrophil count, however, correlates
      significantly with total marrow neutrophil mass (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01) and
      proliferative neutrophil pool (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01). These findings
      suggest that reduced marrow neutrophil mass is common in patients with metastatic
      carcinoma in the absence of overt protein-calorie malnutrition and that the
      reduced marrow neutrophil mass is most likely due to depressed
      granulocytopoiesis.

PMID- 6833829
TI  - Encephalopathic effect of phenol in rats.
AB  - The coma-inducing effect of phenol was studied in normal 300 +/- 50 gm Sprague
      Dawley rats. Dose-response curves were developed which showed that one-half the
      animals became deeply comatose with 540 mumol of intraperitoneal phenol and 100%
      with 600 mumol. Five stages of encephalopathy were readily distinguished. In
      stage I, spontaneous activity was noticeably decreased, posture was upright, back
      leg control normal, muscle tonus slightly increased, and response to stimuli
      normal. In Stage V, activity was gone, the rats were deeply unconscious, righting
      reflex and back-leg control were gone, muscles were completely relaxed, and there
      was no response to stimuli. With a coma-inducing dose of phenol, spontaneous
      activity decreased. After 1 min a body tremor developed interspersed with
      unpredictable jumping, and all four limbs began to shake. Leg control and then
      the righting reflex were lost by 2 min. Within 5 min rats were deeply unconscious
      and muscles completely relaxed while shaking of limbs continued until recovery 20
      to 60 min later or death. With 480 mumol or less, none of the rats became
      comatose, but the shaking of limbs was present. The coma-inducing dose of phenol
      was reduced by 10% to 20% with simultaneous injection of subcoma doses of NH4+ or
      OA and by 20% to 30% with simultaneous DMDS leads to 2 methanethiol. Conversely,
      a subcoma dose of phenol reduced the coma-inducing doses of NH4+, OA, and DMDS by
      approximately 20% to 25%. Thus phenol, which accumulates in human hepatic
      failure, induces coma by itself in rats and acts synergistically with other
      hepatic failure toxins.

PMID- 6833830
TI  - Urinary 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone excretion indicates enhanced prednisolone
      catabolism.
AB  - Patients with enhanced catabolism of prednisolone exhibit a reduction in steroid
      efficacy. Since prednisolone never reaches steady state at the usual dosage, the
      clearance rate can only be estimated by determining the area under the plasma
      concentration-time curve after an i.v. dose of prednisolone. To obviate that time
      consuming procedure for screening of patients with enhanced prednisolone
      metabolism, we developed a quantitative assay for 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone in
      urine to determine whether the urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone
      increases concomitantly with the clearance rate of total and of unbound
      prednisolone in subjects with an enhanced catabolism of prednisolone. The results
      are given separately for males and females because there is some debate as to
      whether females compared to males exhibit a higher capacity of the liver to
      hydroxylate steroids at the sixth position. Before and during the administration
      of phenytoin the total body clearance of total and of unbound prednisolone and
      the urinary excretion of prednisolone and of 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone were
      determined in six female and eight male volunteers. The fraction of the i.v. dose
      of prednisolone excreted in urine as 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone was higher in
      females than in males (p less than 0.001) and increased during phenytoin dosing
      from 6.4%-10.4% (range) to 15.6%-20.4% in females and from 2.4%-7.2% to 12.2%
      18.3% in males. The ratio of 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone to prednisolone in urine
      increased linearly with the nonrenal clearance of both total and unbound
      prednisolone. This is the first demonstration that the fractional excretion of 6
      beta-hydroxyprednisolone increased after the induction of the microsomal liver
      enzymes. Thus measurements of urinary 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone excretion may be
      of potential value to detect patients with enhanced catabolism of prednisolone.

PMID- 6833831
TI  - The effect of dietary sodium and protein on urine volume and water intake.
AB  - To test the notion that water intake and urine volume are related to dietary
      sodium or protein intake in free-living persons, we studied normal men at three
      levels of sodium intake and two levels of protein intake. Twenty-four men
      received 10, 200, and 400 mEq/day sodium intake for 7 days while protein and
      caloric intake were maintained constant. Eight men received 80 or 180 gm/day
      protein intake for 7 days while caloric and sodium intake were maintained
      constant. Although sodium, solute, and urea nitrogen excretion changed
      appropriately according to the regimens, there was no demonstrable influence of
      sodium or protein intake on water intake and urine volume. We conclude that in
      normal free-living American man, water consumption is independent of either
      sodium or protein intake.

PMID- 6833832
TI  - Glutathione metabolism in canine hereditary stomatocytosis with mild erythrocyte
      glutathione deficiency.
AB  - Mild glutathione deficiency can accompany hereditary stomatocytosis in man and
      dogs. We studied several facets of glutathione metabolism in dogs to better
      define hereditary stomatocytosis. In vivo glutathione flux was measured with
      alpha-ketoglutarate-alpha-(2-14C) and glycine-(2-3H) in a double-labeled
      experiment. Glycine-labeled glutathione turnover was faster than that of alpha
      ketoglutarate-labeled glutathione, and the glutathione flux was greater in HSt
      cells than in normal cells. The glutathione-reducing enzymes, glutathione
      reduction rate, glutathione precursors (except cysteine), oxidized glutathione
      percentage, and erythrocyte water were increased significantly in HSt cells.
      Glutathione synthetic enzymes, oxidized glutathione transport system, and
      glutathione-S-transferase did not differ significantly. These observations
      suggest that the mild glutathione deficiency in canine hereditary stomatocytosis
      is a reflection of increased catabolism.

PMID- 6833834
TI  - The effect of methylprednisolone on lung injury in mice. Prevention of type 1
      cell and endothelial cell damage.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether MP could prevent the BHT-induced
      damage to the cells comprising the alveolar capillary barrier. Lung injury was
      produced in mice with an intraperitoneal injection of BHT. MP, 30 mg/kg, or
      saline was given 1 and 2 days later. Type 1 cell and endothelial cell damage and
      the percentage of capillaries containing PMNs and platelets were determined by
      electron microscopic morphometry. The type 2 cell LI was determined by light
      microscopic autoradiography. After the BHT injection, type 1 cell and endothelial
      cell damage occurred simultaneously and preceded an increase in the type 2 cell
      LI. The administration of MP before the appearance of electron microscopic
      evidence of type 1 cell and endothelial cell injury decreased the type 1 cell
      damage 2 and 3 days after the BHT injection by 89% (p less than 0.01) and 86% (p
      less than 0.005), decreased the endothelial cell damage by 46% and 76% (p less
      than 0.02), and prevented the increase in the type 2 cell LI. However, the
      administration of MP after type 1 cell and endothelial cell damage failed to
      prevent further damage or to inhibit the type 2 cell LI. MP had no effect on the
      percentage of capillaries containing PMNs or platelets. Thus, in the BHT model of
      acute lung injury, MP can prevent type 1 cell and endothelial cell damage, but
      its effect depends on the amount of injury present when the corticosteroid is
      given.

PMID- 6833833
TI  - Partial purification of some red cell enzymes utilizing hemoglobin precipitation
      by zinc salts.
AB  - Carrell and Lehmann have reported a method of precipitating Hb that is attractive
      in terms of its rapidity, simplicity, reversibility, and lack of rigorous
      conditions. We have applied the methodology to the concentration and partial
      purification of certain red cell enzyme activities. Twenty-three glycolytic and
      nonglycolytic enzymes were studied (Table 1). Under conditions where 97% to 98%
      of Hb was precipitated, recoveries in the supernatant for 14 enzymes ranged from
      40% to 100%, with nine activities virtually completely recovered as measured by
      routine assay. In six instances, only minimal activity was recoverable either in
      the supernatant or in the precipitate. In the case of those enzymes whose
      recovered activities in supernatant were large, more rigorous investigation to
      detect possible zinc-induced alterations is necessary to determine whether the
      procedure impairs parameters not readily evaluated by routine assay. The effect
      of the procedure on PK was studied more intensively. The kinetics of the enzyme
      with PEP and ADP were unaffected, its thermostability appeared not to differ from
      native PK, and ATP inhibition of activity was normal. Addition of more zinc to
      the supernatant precipitated PK, which could then be further partially purified
      by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. Inclusion of magnesium and substrate PEP in the
      hemolysate prior to zinc addition increased recovery in the supernatant from 40%
      to 80%.

PMID- 6833835
TI  - Lipoprotein distribution in sheep lung lymph.
AB  - The composition of lymph draining the sheep caudal mediastinal lymph node is
      believed to reflect the composition of lung interstitial fluid. Although long
      term lymph fistulas have been extensively utilized in studies related to lung
      microvascular fluid and protein flux, attention has thus far not been focused on
      lipoproteins as they might appear in lung interstitial space. We therefore
      characterized the lipoprotein distributions and measured triglyceride and
      cholesterol concentrations of lung lymph and plasma in nine unanesthetized sheep
      with long-term embedded instrumentation. We also measured triglyceride and
      cholesterol concentrations in prefemoral and thoracic duct lymph. The plasma LDL
      concentration was 55.3 +/- 20.2 mg/dl and HDL concentration was 99.9 +/- 27.2
      mg/dl. By comparison, the lung lymph LDL concentration was 27.7 +/- 3.0 mg/dl and
      the HDL concentration was 45.4 +/- 11 mg/dl. The major sheep lipoprotein classes
      (LDL, HDL), although low in concentration compared to humans, are present in lung
      lymph in relative proportions similar to those of plasma. Analytical
      ultracentrifugation revealed the presence of a fast-floating component in lung
      lymph HDL that was not present in plasma. Electron microscopy showed two sizes of
      particles in lung lymph HDL, 135A and 97A, which probably correspond to the fast
      floating and slow-floating components, respectively; plasma HDL contained only 94
      A particles. Changes in the physical properties of HDL present in lung lymph
      suggest modification of the HDL either in the endothelial barrier or interstitial
      fluid of the lung.

PMID- 6833836
TI  - Potential errors in body composition as estimated by whole body scintillation
      counting.
AB  - Vigorous exercise has been reported to increase the apparent potassium content of
      athletes measured by whole body gamma ray scintillation counting of 40K. The
      possibility that this phenomenon is an artifact was evaluated in three cyclists
      and one nonathlete after exercise on the road (cyclists) or in a room with a
      source of radon and radon progeny (nonathlete). The apparent 40K content of the
      thighs of the athletes and whole body of the nonathlete increased after exercise.
      Counts were also increased in both windows detecting 214Bi, a progeny of radon.
      40K and 214Bi counts were highly correlated (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). The
      apparent increase in 40K was accounted for by an increase in counts associated
      with the 1.764 MeV gamma ray emissions from 214Bi. Thus a failure to correct for
      radon progeny would cause a significant error in the estimate of lean body mass
      by 40K counting.

PMID- 6833838
TI  - Gentamicin increases renal susceptibility to an acute ischemic insult.

PMID- 6833837
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) dermal fibroblasts synthesize
      increased amounts of glycosaminoglycan.
AB  - Fibroblast monolayers were established by explant culture of dermis from seven
      patients with early, rapidly advancing PSS (scleroderma) and from six normal
      individuals. Net GAG synthesis was measured as [3H]glucosamine incorporation into
      the polymer and also as total uronic acid accumulation in the cultures. Cultures
      from patients with PSS accumulated up to fivefold more GAG than did normal
      cultures. Evidence suggests that this is a result of increased synthesis rather
      than decreased degradation. PSS cultures simultaneously accumulated increased
      amounts of CSP as well as GAG. Data obtained from studies of several monolayers,
      followed for as many as 10 generations, show that the difference between PSS and
      normal cultures can be propagated. The total quantity of GAGs was increased in
      PSS cultures, and there were differences in the distribution of individual GAGs
      on a percentage basis in PSS and normal cell cultures. GAG, as well as collagen,
      may be important in the development of connective tissue thickening and
      induration in scleroderma.

PMID- 6833841
TI  - Mechanism of glycosuria during volume expansion superimposed on subthreshold
      glucose loading.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of glycosuria, clearance and micropuncture
      studies were performed in 19 dogs before and after subthreshold glucose loading
      and again after superimposition of extracellular volume expansion. Subthreshold
      glucose loading inhibited proximal sodium reabsorption and increased proximal
      glucose reabsorption, demonstrating dissociation between net sodium and glucose
      transport. Glucose delivery out of the proximal convoluted tubule was greatly
      increased by the combined effect of increased filtered load of glucose and
      reduced fractional proximal fluid reabsorption. There was a remarkable
      compensatory increase in glucose reabsorption in the segment between late
      proximal tubule and distal tubule (intermediate segment) and glycosuria did not
      occur. When 10% extracellular volume expansion was superimposed on the ongoing
      subthreshold glucose loading, absolute proximal glucose reabsorption was
      inhibited. This led to an additional increase in glucose delivery to the
      intermediate segment, but glucose reabsorption in this segment failed to increase
      further and overt glycosuria eventually developed. Thus the intermediate segment
      possesses some capacity to reabsorb glucose when glucose load is increased, and
      glycosuria develops only when the glucose reabsorptive capacity of this segment
      is exceeded. We conclude that the intermediate segment serves as the "buffer
      zone" of renal glucose transport and plays an important role in the regulation of
      urinary glucose excretion.

PMID- 6833840
TI  - The effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on gallbladder function in the cat.
AB  - The effects of lysoPC on gallbladder net fluid transport and motility were
      investigated by a perfusion technique in the anesthetized cat. It was found that
      addition of 1 mumol/ml lysoPC to the buffer perfusate resulted in an immediate
      contraction of the gallbladder and also a change in net fluid transport from a
      basal absorption of 0.71 ml/hr to a secretion of 0.34 ml/hr. An increased output
      of hexosamine and protein from the gallbladder accompanied the lysoPC treatment.
      Indomethacin--a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor--at a dose of 2 mg/kg caused a
      relaxation of the gallbladder and abolished the secretion but did not return the
      gallbladder to its original rate of basal absorption. LysoPC, when added to bile,
      had a similar effect on net fluid transport but did not induce a contraction of
      the gallbladder. The results indicate that the effect of lysoPC on gallbladder
      function could be of importance in acute cholecystitis and that endogenous
      prostaglandin synthesis may play a part in this lysoPC-induced inflammatory
      response.

PMID- 6833839
TI  - Impaired glucose tolerance related to changes in the energy metabolism of the
      remnant liver after major hepatic resection.
AB  - In 70% hepatectomized rabbits, the glucose tolerance patterns after an oral
      glucose load were characterized by a longstanding increase of blood glucose for
      more than 180 min (a linear pattern) at 24 hr after hepatectomy and by a return
      toward normal range within 180 min (a parabolic pattern) at 96 hr later. At the
      linear stage, the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate of the remnant liver
      increased to 192% and 203%, respectively, of sham-operated controls at 1 hr after
      an oral glucose load. At 3 hours after glucose load, the concentrations of
      glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, and lactate increased to
      191%, 192%, 174% and 298%, respectively. By contrast, at the parabolic stage, no
      significant changes were observed. On the other hand, the energy charge level of
      the remnant liver decreased to 0.767 at the linear stage and returned to near
      normal levels at the parabolic stage. The ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta
      hydroxybutyrate) in the arterial blood decreased to 0.415 at the linear stage,
      concomitant with the increase in total ketone body and NEFA concentrations, and
      returned to near normal levels at the parabolic stage. These findings suggest
      that the reduced mitochondrial redox potential, reflected by the decrease in
      ketone body ratio, inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. This prevents the entrance of
      pyruvate into the Krebs cycle and results in the inhibition of glucose oxidation,
      leading to a linear pattern after an oral glucose load.

PMID- 6833843
TI  - Blindness after closed head injury.

PMID- 6833844
TI  - Multiple myeloma complicated by enterococcal endocarditis and penicillin allergy.

PMID- 6833842
TI  - Characterization of the individual phospholipids and their fatty acids in serum
      and high-density lipoprotein of the renal patient on long-term maintenance
      hemodialysis.
AB  - This study characterized the individual phospholipids within total serum and HDL
      in the renal patient on long-term maintenance hemodialysis relative to matched
      controls. The fatty acid composition of these individual phospholipids was also
      determined by using TLC and gas-liquid chromatography in combination. In
      agreement with previous findings, our patient group had HDL-cholesterol levels
      36% below and total phospholipid levels 30% lower than matched controls. Total
      serum PE but not HDL-PE was significantly elevated (by 30%) in the serum of the
      patient group due to a rise in diacyl PE. Significantly reduced HDL-SPH levels
      (by 41%) and a 31% decrease in HDL-PC levels were noted in the patient group.
      Considerable differences in the individual fatty acids (as weight percent) of the
      patient vs. control groups were observed. The percent of 16:0 (palmitate) and
      18:0 (stearate) was significantly elevated in the PE of the patient group whereas
      18:1 (octadecenoate) was generally elevated in all phospholipids. The weight
      percent of 18:2 (linoleate) was moderately higher in the PE and Pl of the patient
      group. Absolute levels of selected fatty acids in PC were generally depressed in
      the patient HDL relative to control, although significantly so only in the case
      of 16:0 and 20:4 (arachidonate). In keeping with the total PE levels in whole
      serum, all fatty acids were elevated in the patient group relative to controls.
      These results indicate that alterations in certain individual phospholipids and
      their fatty acids exist in renal patients on dialysis compared to matched
      controls.

PMID- 6833846
TI  - Tympanoplasty in children. A review of 114 cases.

PMID- 6833845
TI  - Treatment of multiple keratoacanthomas with fluorouracil.

PMID- 6833847
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the sphenoid sinus.
AB  - In recent years the trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland has come
      into vogue and a study of the surgical anatomy of the sphenoid sinus has become
      increasingly important in order to avoid many surgical mishaps. Moreover, the
      sphenoid sinus has complicated relationships and its diseases may and do give
      rise to a complexity of symptoms. The anatomy of the sphenoid sinus has been
      described by Ridpath (1947), Dobromylsky and Scherbatov (1966), Davies and
      Coupland (1967), Simpson et al. (1967), Montgomery (1972), Last (1972), Ballenger
      (1977), Hamilton and Harrison (1979), and Davies (1980). The present work was
      designed to study the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its surgical
      applications. Particular attention was focused on the relationships of the sella
      turcica to the sphenoidal sinuses.

PMID- 6833848
TI  - Laser surgery for T1 glottic carcinoma--the argument against.

PMID- 6833849
TI  - Malignant external otitis in a young diabetic patient.
AB  - A case of malignant external otitis in a young diabetic is reported. This entity
      should be suspected in diabetics of all ages and in all immune-deficient patients
      presenting with aural discharge, associated with a dehiscence of the meatal wall,
      meatal granulations or post-aural abcess. Gentamicin/Carbenicillin combination
      obviated the need for major surgery.

PMID- 6833850
TI  - Monomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum in a newborn (case report and
      ultrastructural findings).
AB  - Salivary gland type adenomas of the nasal septum are rare tumors in adults and
      even rarer in children. There has been no previous report of such a tumor in a
      neonate. We have described a tumor of the nasal septum whose light and electron
      microscopic appearances are consistent with an origin from minor salivary gland
      or nasal mucous glands. Ultrastructural findings presented do not suggest an
      origin from the embryonic organ of Jacobson (vomeronasal organ). The biological
      behaviour of this tumor in the neonate is unknown. A study of similar cases will
      be necessary to elucidate the incidence and natural history of intranasal
      adenomas in the neonate.

PMID- 6833851
TI  - Olfactory neuroblastoma. A case report in an African child.
AB  - The case is described of an eight-year-old Nigerian boy who died from olfactory
      neuroblastoma which presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Autopsy
      showed intracranial extension of the tumour into the frontal lobe, and histology
      revealed undifferentiated neuroblasts, forming rosettes in some areas and
      producing tangled neurofibrils in others. The histogenesis of the tumour and its
      diagnosis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6833852
TI  - Rhinocerebral phycomycosis.

PMID- 6833855
TI  - LD or not LD, that was the question: a retrospective analysis of Child Service
      Demonstration Centers' compliance with the Federal definition of learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 6833853
TI  - Pyocoele of the middle turbinate.

PMID- 6833854
TI  - An unusual complication of maxillary sinusitis.

PMID- 6833856
TI  - Toward a science of learning disabilities.

PMID- 6833857
TI  - Learning disability: truth or trap?

PMID- 6833858
TI  - On defining learning disabilities.

PMID- 6833859
TI  - Defining learning disabilities: a new and cooperative direction.

PMID- 6833861
TI  - Classification, compliance, and confusion.

PMID- 6833862
TI  - "The house that Jack built".

PMID- 6833863
TI  - Learning disabilities: a neurophysiological dysfunction.

PMID- 6833864
TI  - LD or not LD: that's not the question!

PMID- 6833860
TI  - Learning disability is for educators.

PMID- 6833865
TI  - Identification of dyslexia: a ninety-minute procedure.

PMID- 6833866
TI  - Social skills: an awareness program with learning disabled adolescents.

PMID- 6833867
TI  - A model for identifying learning disabilities in college-bound students.

PMID- 6833868
TI  - Relationships between self-esteem, anxiety, and achievement in young learning
      disabled students.

PMID- 6833869
TI  - Physiological manifestations of learning disability.

PMID- 6833870
TI  - If we're really on our way shouldn't we buy a roadmap?

PMID- 6833871
TI  - Learning disabilities: the experts speak out.

PMID- 6833872
TI  - Tuition tax credits: private school subsidies.

PMID- 6833873
TI  - On aggressiveness.

PMID- 6833874
TI  - In the field.

PMID- 6833876
TI  - A semiautomated assay for nonesterified fatty acids in the 0.02 to 0.4 mueq/ml
      range.

PMID- 6833875
TI  - Effect of cholesterol feeding on the distribution of plasma lipoproteins and on
      the metabolism of apolipoprotein E in the rabbit.
AB  - Changes in lipoprotein distribution and in apolipoprotein E metabolism were
      studied in rabbits fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol. Lipoprotein distribution
      was monitored by rate zonal ultracentrifugation, gel filtration chromatography,
      and electrophoretic techniques. Normolipidemic rabbit plasma contained VLDL, IDL,
      LDL, and HDL. Within 1 week on the 1% cholesterol diet, the d less than 1.006
      g/ml material was greatly elevated, and the lipoproteins of higher density (LDL
      and HDL) decreased below levels of detection. Cholesteremic d less than 1.006
      g/ml material was cholesteryl ester-rich, triglyceride-poor, and contained
      particles of Sf 20 to greater than 400. Upon diet normalization, the LDL and HDL
      reappeared within 2-4 weeks accompanied by a decrease in the d less than 1.006
      g/ml material. The metabolism of apoE was studied by injecting purified and 125I
      labeled apoE into rabbits and following the clearance of the tracer. ApoE in the
      normolipemic rabbit demonstrated a fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 0.132 hr-1
      and a half-life (t1/2) of 10.3 hr. ApoE in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit
      demonstrated an FCR of 0.055 hr-1 and a t1/2 of 49.5 hr. ApoE concentrations in
      the plasma as estimated by electroimmunoassay were 19.5 mg/dl in the control
      rabbit and 199 mg/dl in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. From these data,
      absolute synthetic rates of 20.3 mg/kg per day and 86.1 mg/kg per day were
      calculated for the control and the hypercholesterolemic rabbit, respectively. We
      conclude that the cholesterol-supplemented diet caused pronounced elevation of
      apoE in the plasma due to overproduction of the protein.

PMID- 6833877
TI  - Familial chylomicronemia due to a circulating inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase
      activity.
AB  - A mother and her son who have lipoprotein phenotype I are described. They
      differed from subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency in that lipoprotein
      lipase was present in adipose tissue respectively at 30- and 2-fold the levels
      seen in normal subjects, and from subjects with apoprotein C-II deficiency in
      that apoprotein C-II was present in their plasma. They appeared to have an
      inhibitor to lipoprotein lipase activity in their whole plasma that inhibited
      that activity eluted from adipose tissue with heparin and that activity present
      in postheparin plasma of normals. The inhibitor was non-dialyzable, heat-stable,
      sensitive to repeated freezing and thawing, and appeared to be present in the non
      lipoprotein fraction of plasma. The presence of chylomicronemia and the plasma
      inhibitor in the mother and her son, and possibly in her father and grandson,
      argues against this being inherited as an autosomal recessive abnormality, as are
      lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apoprotein C-II deficiency.

PMID- 6833878
TI  - Regulation of bile acid 7-dehydroxylase activity by NAD+ and NADH in cell
      extracts of Eubacterium species V.P.I. 12708.
AB  - The 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids by Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708
      required a cell extract prepared from a cholic acid-induced culture and NAD+.
      NADH (0.5 mM) inhibited bile acid 7-dehydroxylase activity more than 50% when
      added to reaction mixtures containing NAD+ (0.5 mM). Saturation kinetics and
      double reciprocal plots of NADH inhibition were consistent with negative
      cooperativity. 7-Dehydroxylase activity was modulated by the molar ratio of NAD+
      NADH with maximal activity at a NAD+ mole fraction of 0.75 to 0.85. NADH
      stimulated 7-dehydroxylase activity (30% to 50%) at low concentration (less than
      0.15 mM) and inhibited at higher concentrations. Reduction of the proposed delta
      6-intermediate (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-6-cholen-24-oic acid) to lithocholic acid
      required a cell extract from a cholic acid-induced culture and was stimulated by
      the addition of NAD+. Reduced flavin nucleotides stimulated (32% to 62%) and NADH
      (0.5 mM) inhibited (78%) the reduction of the delta 6-intermediate to lithocholic
      acid. 7-Dehydroxylase was highly specific for bile acid substrates and required a
      free C-24 carboxyl group and an unhindered 7 alpha- or 7 beta-hydroxy group on
      the B-ring of the steroid nucleus for activity. Bile acid 7 alpha- and 7 beta
      dehydroxylase and delta 6-reductase activities all co-eluted from an anaerobic
      high performance liquid chromatography gel filtration column. However,
      approximately 80% to 96% of the total units of activity were lost. A substantial
      portion (20% to 30%) of the total activity was recovered when material from low
      molecular weight (8,000 to 14,000 Mr) eluting fractions was added back to
      fractions containing enzyme activity. These studies show that 7-dehydroxylase is
      highly specific for substrates and its activity may be regulated by the NAD+-NADH
      ratio in the bacterial cell.

PMID- 6833879
TI  - Effects of drugs and sterols on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - This study examined the effects of various drugs and sterols on the rate of
      7alpha-hydroxycholesterol synthesis in isolated rat liver microsomes. Cholesterol
      7alpha-hydroxylase activity was significantly inhibited by proadifen (98%),
      metyrapone (67%), and aminoglutethimide (45%) at concentrations of 1 mM and by
      ascorbic acid (40%) at a concentration of 10 mM. Cimetidine had no significant
      effect. The activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase was also significantly
      inhibited by 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (38%) and 7-ketocholesterol (35%) at
      concentrations of 1 micro M, and by 10 micro M 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (35%),
      25alpha-hydroxycholesterol (32%), and 5-cholenic acid-3beta-ol (27%). Two bile
      acids, cholate and lithocholate, as well as a geometric isomer of cholesterol,
      coprostanol, had little influence on 7alpha-hydroxylase activity at
      concentrations of 10 micro M. The inhibitory effect of metyrapone was additive
      with that of either 7beta-hydroxycholesterol or proadifen; the effects of 7beta
      hydroxycholesterol and proadifen were not additive. These results suggest that
      proadifen and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol interact with the same enzyme site while
      metyrapone binds at a different location. Proadifen inhibited 7alpha-hydroxylase
      irreversibly, while kinetic studies demonstrated noncompetitive inhibition by
      metyrapone (K(I) = 0.55 mM) and competitive inhibition by 7beta
      hydroxycholesterol (K(I) = 2.4 micro M). The inhibition of 7alpha-hydroxylase
      activity by metyrapone and aminoglutethimide, drugs used to manage patients with
      excessive cortisol production, suggests that such treatment may also alter bile
      acid synthesis.-Schwartz, M. A., and S. Margolis. Effects of drugs and sterols on
      cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity in rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 6833880
TI  - Incorporation of deuterium-labeled trans- and cis-13-octadecenoic acids in human
      plasma lipids.
AB  - The absorption and distribution of deuterated trans- and cis-13-octadecenoic acid
      (13t-18:1 and 13c-18:1) in plasma lipids were compared to deuterated cis-9
      octadecenoic acid (9c-18:1) in two young adult male subjects. A mixture of
      triglycerides was fed in a multiple-labeled experiment where each triglyceride
      contained a fatty acid labeled with a different number of deuterium atoms.
      Analysis of human plasma lipids by mass spectroscopy allowed the distribution of
      the two 13-octadecenoic acid isomers to be directly compared to cis-9
      octadecenoic acid. Plasma lipids selectively excluded both the 13t-18:1 and 13c
      18:1 isomers relative to 9c-18:1 in all neutral and phospholipid fractions.
      Discrimination against incorporation of the 13t-18:1 isomer into plasma
      cholesteryl ester and 2-acyl phosphatidylcholine was nearly absolute. The 1-acyl
      phosphatidylcholine fraction exhibited a large positive selectivity for the 13t
      18:1 isomer. Differences in the relative distribution of the trans and cis 13
      18:1 isomers vs. 9c-18:1 in the various lipoprotein lipid classes were found.
      Analysis of the chylomicron triglyceride component of the plasma lipids indicated
      all three fatty acids were equally well absorbed.

PMID- 6833881
TI  - On the nature of dilute aqueous cholesterol suspensions.
AB  - Cholesterol is commonly supposed to form a micelle in aqueous solution. We have
      reassessed this finding using a variety of techniques. Centrifugation sedimented
      cholesterol at all concentrations above 10(-8) M. Density gradient analysis of
      more concentrated solutions revealed two bands whose densities corresponded to
      crystalline anhydrous cholesterol and crystalline cholesterol monohydrate. The
      monohydrate was characterized by light microscopy and phase transition. This band
      is also claimed to contain micelles, but no enhancement of perylene or
      diphenylhexatriene fluorescence could be detected. Some crystals of monohydrate
      could pass through 0.7-microns filters but not through 1.5-nm filters. Crystals
      of monohydrate were detected on the latter filters when solutions with
      cholesterol concentrations as low as 2.6 X 10(-8) M were filtered. Thus, under
      all conditions where micelles might be expected, we have detected micro-crystals
      of cholesterol monohydrate and we can find no independent evidence to support the
      existence of a cholesterol micelle.

PMID- 6833882
TI  - Isolation and characterization of human apolipoprotein A-IV from lipoprotein
      depleted serum.
AB  - Human apolipoprotein A-IV is an acidic polypeptide of molecular weight 46,000
      that is secreted into lymph on the surface of nascent chylomicrons, but which
      exists in circulation unassociated with lipoproteins. Previous studies of this
      protein have utilized material isolated from a d < 1.006 g/ml fraction of human
      serum and from human lymph. Although it has been suggested that apoA-IV
      circulating in plasma is the product of dissociation from the surface of nascent
      chylomicrons, it has been characterized by immunological techniques only. We have
      isolated human apoA-IV on a preparative scale from lipoprotein-depleted serum
      using a technique of adsorption to a phospholipid-triglyceride emulsion, followed
      by delipidation and preparative gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight, pI,
      and amino acid composition of material thus prepared agree with literature values
      for apoA-IV derived from chylomicrons. We have determined that apoA-IV is a
      glycoprotein containing 6% carbohydrate by weight (mannose 1.8%, galactose 1.55%,
      N-acetyl glucosamine 1.55%, sialic acid 1.1%). Electroimmunoassay of human serum
      using a monospecific rabbit antibody to serum-derived apoA-IV found 13.1 +/- 1.8
      mg/dl, a value in agreement with determinations using antibodies to chylomicron
      derived apoA-IV. We conclude that apoA-IV may be easily purified from normal
      human serum, and that the material thus isolated has identical chemical,
      physical, and immunological properties to apoA-IV obtained from human lymph. It
      is therefore likely that the dissociation of apoA-IV from the surface of nascent
      chylomicrons following their entry into circulation is not attended by changes in
      the structure or composition of this apoprotein.-Weinberg, R. B., and A. M.
      Scanu. Isolation and characterization of human apolipoprotein A-IV from
      lipoprotein-depleted serum.

PMID- 6833883
TI  - Absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis in rat intestine in vitro and in vivo: a
      comparison of different substrates in slices and isolated cells.
AB  - In an effort to localize small intestinal sterol synthesis both along the length
      of the intestine and along the villus-crypt axis, we defined the optimal
      conditions to measure absolute rates of digitonin-precipitable sterol (DPS)
      synthesis in whole intestinal slices and in isolated epithelial cells. When [1
      (14)C]acetate and [1-(14)C]octanoate were compared in midgut slices, [1
      (14)C]octanoate was preferentially metabolized to CO(2) and DPS. Because of its
      rapid intramitochondrial degradation, [1-(14)C]octanoate effectively swamped-out
      other sources of acetyl CoA (C(2)) and achieved rates of C(2) flux into DPS
      virtually identical to the absolute rates determined with [(3)H]water. On the
      other hand, unlabeled acetate decreased the apparent C(2) flux from [1
      (14)C]octanoate into DPS, but not into CO(2), in a dose-dependent fashion up to 8
      mM. Under comparable incubation conditions, intestinal epithelial cells isolated
      by the EDTA chelation technique differed from slices in several respects. First,
      DPS synthesis from the various substrates was proportional to time only for 30
      min compared to 90 min in slices. Second, the preferred (14)C-labeled substrate
      for DPS and CO(2) synthesis was acetate rather than octanoate. Third, neither of
      the (14)C-labeled substrates achieved the rates of synthesis found with
      [(3)H]water. Fourth, sterol synthesis from any of the substrates was essentially
      zero in the absence of glucose in the incubation medium. When the optimal rates
      of sterol synthesis in vitro were estimated using [(3)H]water in villus and crypt
      cell fractions of the jejunum and ileum, all ileal fractions were more active.
      However, ileal villus cells exceeded the jejunal villus cells by 5.2-fold in
      their capacity to incorporate [(3)H]water into DPS, whereas the crypt cell
      fractions differed by only 1.4-fold. The majority of the sterol synthetic
      capacity resided in the lower villus region in both the proximal and distal
      intestine and the crypts accounted for about 30% and 14%, respectively, of the
      total found in the jejunum and ileum. A similar distribution pattern along both
      the vertical and horizontal axes of the intestine was found after [(3)H]water
      administration in vivo, although under these conditions the proportion recovered
      in the crypts increased to 38% and 31%, respectively, of the total [(3)H]DPS
      found in the jejunum and ileum. These studies demonstrate that [(3)H]water yields
      optimal rates of sterol synthesis both in intestinal slices and in isolated
      epithelial cells and is incorporated into DPS mainly in cells of the lower villus
      and crypt region both in vitro and in vivo.-Stange, E. F., and J. M. Dietschy.
      Absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis in rat intestine in vitro and in vivo: a
      comparison of different substrates in slices and isolated cells.

PMID- 6833884
TI  - Separation and quantitation of free fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters by
      reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on octadecylsilyl
      columns separates mixtures of either free fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters
      prepared from mammalian tissue phospholipids. Acetonitrile-water mixtures are
      used for the elution of esters. Aqueous phosphoric acid is substituted for water
      for the separation of the free acids. Unsaturated compounds are detected and
      quantitated by their absorption at 192 nm. Saturates are detected better at 205
      nm. The order of elution of fatty acids in complex mixtures varies as a function
      of acetonitrile concentration. At any given concentration, some compounds
      overlap. However, by varying the solvent strength, any fatty acid of interest can
      be resolved including many geometrical and positional isomers. Methyl esters
      prefractionated according to unsaturation by argentation thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC) are rapidly and completely separated by elution with CH3CN
      alone. Argentation TLC-reverse phase HPLC can be used as an analytical as well as
      a preparative procedure. Octylsilyl columns are used for rapid resolution and
      improved detection of minor or low ultraviolet-absorbing components in the
      fractions. For example, monoenoic fatty acids with up to 32 carbons have been
      detected in bovine brain glycerophospholipids. Specific radioactivities of 3H-
      and 14C-labeled fatty acids and the distribution of radioactivity among acyl
      groups from complex lipids are measured. The method is not recommended for
      complete compositional analysis, but is useful for determinations of specific
      radioactivities during studies on turnover and metabolic conversions of labeled
      fatty acids.

PMID- 6833885
TI  - Configuration at C-25 in 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan
      26-oic acid isolated from human bile.
AB  - This report describes the isolation of the natural isomer of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12
      alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from human bile by a method that
      retains the configuration at C-25. The stereochemistry at C-25 in this bile acid
      was defined as 25R by a direct comparison with standard (25R)3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12
      alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid.

PMID- 6833886
TI  - A microfluorometric method for the determination of free fatty acids in plasma.
AB  - A rapid and precise microfluorometric method for the determination of free fatty
      acid concentrations in 2-5 microliters of plasma is described. The assay is
      performed directly on plasma, eliminating the need for extraction with organic
      solvents, and is based on the quantitation of AMP generated from the formation of
      acyl coenzyme A in the presence of ATP and acyl CoA synthetase. Because of the
      sensitivity of this assay, reagent quantities, and thus costs, are significantly
      reduced compared with previously described enzymatic spectrophotometric methods.
      In addition, the inclusion of fatty acid-free human serum albumin in the
      standards corrects the previously reported underestimate of plasma free fatty
      acids with enzymic methods.

PMID- 6833887
TI  - Isolation and characterization of endothelial cells from the epididymal fat pad
      of the rat.
AB  - Endothelial cells from rat epididymal fat pad capillaries were isolated from rats
      immediately after weaning. The cells were obtained after an initial brief
      incubation with collagenase under conditions of minimal breakage of cells.
      Adipocytes were removed by flotation and endothelial cells were then obtained as
      cell aggregates by fractional filtration procedures whereby intact tissue as well
      as free cells were removed. These aggregates were then dispersed and cultured in
      supplemented medium 199 whereby a monolayer of cells with a growth pattern,
      numerous pinocytotic vesicles, and intercellular junctions typical of endothelial
      cells were obtained. Minor contaminations of precursor cells to adipocytes were
      absent after one subculture. Here greater than 95% of the cells showed the
      presence of Factor VIII. Further subcultures produced nonhomogenous cells and
      decreasing rates of replication. The endothelial cells showed a very low rate of
      triglyceride synthesis and release, and collected no visible lipid upon prolonged
      cultures in the presence of an abundance of triglyceride substrate. They bound
      lipoprotein lipase from rat adipocytes, whereby the lipase was stabilized. This
      binding was released by heparin, and the cells did not synthesize the enzyme.

PMID- 6833888
TI  - Lipoproteins of the extravascular space: alterations in low density lipoproteins
      of interstitial inflammatory fluid.
AB  - Although extrahepatic degradation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) by peripheral
      cells is considered to be a significant component of daily cholesterol
      homeostasis, the nature of lipoproteins in the extravascular space has not been
      well described. Using a sponge implantation model in the rabbit, we examined
      lipoproteins prepared from interstitial inflammatory fluid. Inflammatory fluid
      cholesterol is correlated with plasma values, (r = 0.735, P less than 0.01), but
      triglyceride values are not. Examination of inflammatory fluid lipoproteins by
      agarose gel electrophoresis, column chromatography, and density gradient
      centrifugation revealed a marked reduction in LDL concentration as compared to
      plasma LDL. Inflammatory fluid low density lipoproteins prepared by sequential
      density flotation had a larger mean diameter, they were erratic in shape, and
      contained more triglyceride and less cholesterol and cholesteryl ester than
      plasma LDL. Total cholesterol to protein ratio was significantly reduced in
      inflammatory fluid LDL (0.73 vs. 1.10, P less than 0.05). Inflammatory fluid LDL
      migrated further than plasma LDL on agarose electrophoresis, despite similar
      apoprotein patterns. These data concur with findings of altered composition and
      electrophoretic mobility of plasma LDL modified in vitro by exposure to
      acetylating agents, malondialdehyde, or aortic cells in culture, and they may
      represent the actual form of LDL in the extravascular space.

PMID- 6833889
TI  - Human stratum corneum lipids: characterization and regional variations.
AB  - The lipids of mammalian stratum corneum are known to be important regulators of
      skin permeability. Since the human stratum corneum displays remarkable regional
      variations in skin permeability, we assessed the total lipid concentration, the
      distribution of all major lipid species, and the fatty acid composition in Bligh
      Dyer extracts from four skin sites (abdomen, leg, face, and sole) that are known
      to display widely disparate permeability. Statistically significant differences
      in lipid weight were found at the four sites that were inversely proportional to
      their known permeability. In all four sites, among the polar lipids, the stratum
      corneum contained negligible phospholipids, but substantially more cholesterol
      sulfate (1-7%) than previously appreciated. As in the stratum corneum from other
      mammals, the bulk of the lipids consisted of neutral (60-80%) and sphingolipids
      (15-35%). Of the neutral lipids, free sterols (4- to 5-times greater than
      esterified sterols), free fatty acids, triglycerides, and highly nonpolar species
      (n-alkanes and squalene) predominated. n-Alkanes, which were present in greater
      quantities than previously appreciated, comprised a homologous series of odd- and
      even-chained compounds ranging from C19 to C34. The sphingolipids comprised over
      80% ceramides vs. lesser quantities of glycosphingolipids. In all four sites, the
      sphingolipids were the major repository of long-chain, saturated fatty acids. The
      neutral lipid:sphingolipid ratio generally was proportional to the known
      permeability of each site: higher neutral lipids and lower sphingolipids
      generally were associated with superior barrier properties. These studies
      provide: 1) the first detailed, quantitative analysis of human stratum corneum
      lipids and 2) information about the variability in lipid composition at four skin
      sites with known differences in permeability. The latter results suggest that
      variations in neutral lipids, rather than sphingolipids, may underlie local
      variations in skin permeability.

PMID- 6833890
TI  - Human epidermal lipids: characterization and modulations during differentiation.
AB  - Using thin-layer chromatography and glass capillary gas-liquid chromatography, we
      have quantitated the lipids in the germinative, differentiating, and fully
      cornified layers in human epidermis. As previously noted in nonhuman species, we
      found progressive depletion of phospholipids coupled with repletion of sterols
      and sphingolipids during differentiation. The sphingolipids, present only in
      small quantities in the lower epidermis, accounted for about 20% of the lipid in
      the stratum corneum, and were the major repository for the long-chain fatty acids
      that predominate in the outer epidermis. Although the absolute quantities of
      sphingolipids increased in the outer epidermis, the glycolipid:ceramide ratio
      diminished in the stratum corneum, and glycolipids virtually disappeared in the
      outer stratum corneum. Squalene and n-alkanes were distributed evenly in all
      epidermal layers, suggesting that these hydrocarbons are not simply of
      environmental or pilosebaceous origin. Cholesterol sulfate, previously considered
      only a trace metabolite in epidermis, was found in significant quantities, with
      peak levels immediately beneath the stratum corneum in the stratum granulosum.
      These studies: 1) provide new quantitative data about human epidermal lipids; 2)
      implicate certain classes of lipids for specific functions of the stratum
      corneum; and, 3) shed light on possible product-precursor relationships of these
      lipids.

PMID- 6833891
TI  - Taurocholate is more potent than cholate in suppression of bile salt synthesis in
      the rat.
AB  - Synthesis of bile salts is regulated through negative feedback inhibition by bile
      salts returning to the liver. Individual bile salts have not been distinguished
      with regard to inhibitory potential. We assessed inhibition of bile salt
      synthesis by either cholate or its taurine conjugate in bile fistula rats. After
      allowing synthesis to maximize, baseline synthesis was determined by measuring
      bile salt output in four consecutive 6-hr periods. Next, sodium cholate
      (+[(14)C]cholate) or taurocholate (+[(14)C]taurocholate) was infused into the
      jugular vein for 36 hr and bile was collected in 6-hr aliquots. Hepatic flux of
      exogenous bile salt was determined by measuring output of radioactivity in bile
      divided by specific activity of the infusate. Synthesis was determined during the
      last four 6-hr periods of infusion by subtracting exogenous bile salt secretion
      from the total bile salt output. Thirteen studies using cholate and 13 using
      taurocholate were performed. Hepatic flux of infused bile salt varied from 1 to
      12 micro mol/100 g per rat per hr. Percent suppression of synthesis varied
      directly with hepatic flux of exogenous bile salt for both cholate and
      taurocholate in a linear fashion (r = 0.66, P < 0.01 and r = 0.87, P < 0.0005,
      respectively). Slope of the taurocholate line was 7.82 (% suppression/ micro mol
      per 100 g per hr), while slope of the cholate line was 3.66 (P < 0.05),
      indicating that taurocholate was approximately twice as potent as cholate in
      suppression of synthesis. At fluxes of 10-12 micro mol/100 g per hr, taurocholate
      suppressed synthesis 84 +/- 8 (SEM) % while cholate suppressed synthesis only 42
      +/- 12% (P < 0.02). The x-intercept of the taurocholate line was 0.65 ( micro
      mol/100 g per hr), while that of the cholate line was -1.01 (NS) suggesting that
      the threshold for initial suppression of synthesis did not differ for these two
      bile salts. We conclude that taurocholate is a more effective inhibitor of
      hepatic bile salt synthesis than cholate, and that intestinal deconjugation of
      bile salts may play a role in the regulation of synthesis.-Pries, J. M., A.
      Gustafson, D. Wiegand, and W. C. Duane. Taurocholate is more potent than cholate
      in suppression of bile salt synthesis in the rat.

PMID- 6833892
TI  - Metabolism of two forms of apolipoprotein B of VLDL by rat liver.
AB  - Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is composed of metabolically distinct fractions of higher
      molecular weight (apoBh) and lower molecular weight (apoBl). When 125I-labeled
      very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) prepared from recirculating liver perfusates
      was injected into rats, labeled apoBl was preferentially removed from the plasma
      and apoBh entered low density lipoprotein (LDL). The time-related movement of
      labeled apoBh into higher density fractions was independent of that of labeled
      apoBl. When 125I-labeled triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) prepared from
      sucrose-fed rats was incubated with plasma from rats injected with heparin and
      then studied in a recirculating liver perfusion, apoBl was preferentially removed
      compared to apoBh. Thus, the loss of apoBl of hepatic VLDL in vivo was similar to
      the loss of apoBl of lipase-treated TRL in vitro. In control perfusions where TRL
      was incubated with heat-treated postheparin plasma, not only was there less
      initial hepatic clearance of apoB but the early phase of preferential apoBl
      removal during 30 min of perfusion was not observed. ApoE removal from perfusates
      was the same whether or not the TRL had been treated with heparin-releasable
      lipases. Apoprotein degradation, as indicated by the appearance in the perfusate
      of labeled degradation products, occurred 30 min after the preferential phase of
      apoBl removal. These results suggest that hepatic clearance of VLDL and TRL
      remnants is favored by lipolysis and by the presence of apoBl on the particle
      that enhances their hepatic binding and degradation.

PMID- 6833893
TI  - Long term steroid metabolism balance studies in subjects on cholesterol-free and
      cholesterol-rich diets: comparison between normal and hypercholesterolemic
      individuals.
AB  - Regulation of cholesterol metabolism was investigated in eight
      hypercholesterolemic and five normal individuals by combined intravenous pulse
      labeling with radioactive cholesterol and fecal steroids balance techniques. Mean
      serum cholesterol concentrations ranged from 168 to 717 mg/dl. Experiments were
      scheduled in the following sequence: a cholesterol-free diet period lasting 4-6
      weeks (PI); cholesterol intake of 1350 mg/day lasting 9-10 weeks (PII); and a
      cholesterol-free diet for 2 weeks (PIII). It was observed that body cholesterol
      synthesis in PI and absorption of dietary cholesterol in PII were completely
      independent of the serum cholesterol levels and varied widely among the subjects.
      During the cholesterol intake period, seven individuals maintained a negative
      fecal steroid balance, whereas six others accumulated cholesterol in the body
      (positive balance) irrespective of cholesterol concentration. A strong positive
      correlation was found between dietary cholesterol absorption and cholesterol
      balance in PII and reflected two events: 1) decreased synthesis as the major
      mechanism to prevent body storage of cholesterol, whereas the increase of fecal
      bile acids and endogenous neutral steroids excretion played a secondary role; 2)
      increasing amounts of cholesterol accumulated in the body proportionally to the
      amount absorbed, whenever the latter surpassed the ability of the compensatory
      mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms seem to have been equally efficient in
      both normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects. Changes in serum cholesterol
      subsequent to cholesterol feeding were also unrelated to the amount absorbed and
      to the steroid balance in PII.

PMID- 6833894
TI  - Cholesterol efflux from cells enriched with cholesteryl esters by incubation with
      hypercholesterolemic monkey low density lipoprotein.
AB  - The mass efflux of free and esterified cholesterol was studied in skin
      fibroblasts loaded with cholesterol by incubation with low density lipoproteins
      (LDL) isolated from normal or hypercholesterolemic cynomolgus monkeys. Cells
      incubated with hypercholesterolemic LDL accumulated 2-3 times more cholesteryl
      ester than did cells incubated with the same amount of normal LDL. Cholesteryl
      oleate was the principal cholesteryl ester species to accumulate in cells
      incubated with both normal and hypercholesterolemic LDL. Efflux of this
      accumulated cholesterol was absolutely dependent on the presence of a cholesterol
      acceptor in the culture medium. Lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) was the most
      potent promoter of cholesterol efflux tested, with maximum efflux occurring at
      LPDS concentrations greater than 1.5 mg protein/ml. Upon addition of efflux
      medium containing LPDS, there was a reduction in both the free and esterified
      cholesterol concentration of the cells. Greater than 90% of the cholesteryl
      esters that were lost from the cells appeared in the culture medium as free
      cholesterol, indicating that hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters preceded efflux.
      Efflux was not inhibited by chloroquine, however, suggesting a mechanism
      independent of lysosomes. Loss of cellular free cholesterol was maximum by 6 hr
      and changed very little thereafter up to 72 hr. Cholesteryl ester loss from cells
      decreased in a log linear fashion for efflux periods of 6-72 hr, with an average
      half-life for cholesteryl ester efflux of 30 hr, but with a range of 20-50 hr,
      depending upon the specific cell line. The rate of efflux of cellular cholesteryl
      esters was similar for cells loaded with normal or hypercholesterolemic LDL. In
      cells loaded with cholesteryl esters, cholesterol synthesis was suppressed and
      cholesterol esterification and fatty acid synthesis were enhanced. During efflux,
      cholesterol synthesis remained maximally suppressed while cholesterol
      esterification decreased for the first 24 hr of efflux, then plateaued at a level
      approximately 5-fold higher than control levels, while fatty acid synthesis was
      slightly stimulated. There was little difference in the rate of efflux of
      individual cholesteryl ester species. There was, however, the suggestion that
      reesterification of cholesterol principally to palmitic acid occurred during
      efflux. Since the rate of cellular cholesteryl ester efflux was similar
      regardless of whether the cells had been loaded with cholesterol by incubation
      with normal LDL or hypercholesterolemic LDL, the greater accumulation of
      cholesterol in cells incubated with hypercholesterolemic LDL cannot be explained
      by differences in rates of efflux.-St. Clair, R. W., and M. A. Leight.
      Cholesterol efflux from cells enriched with cholesteryl esters by incubation with
      hypercholesterolemic monkey low density lipoprotein.

PMID- 6833895
TI  - Lipoprotein separation and low density lipoprotein molecular weight determination
      using high performance gel-filtration chromatography.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins were isolated at d less than 1.225 g/ml from nonhuman
      primates of three species, cynomolgus, rhesus, and African green (vervet)
      monkeys. Individual lipoprotein classes were separated by high performance
      gelfiltration chromatography and low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecular weight
      was determined. A comparison was made using column configurations including TSK
      3000 SW, 4000 SW, and 5000 PW columns. Due to its relative simplicity, stability,
      and economy, a single 5000 PW column was selected for most of the work. The
      recovery of lipoprotein cholesterol from the column averaged 91 +/- 2.5%. A
      comparison of the immunologic, chemical, and electrophoretic properties of high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) and LDL isolated by this technique with those of HDL
      and LDL isolated by conventional agarose column chromatography indicated that
      lipoproteins isolated by high performance gel-filtration chromatography were
      intact and reasonably free of cross contamination. A standard preparation of 125I
      labeled LDL was added to the d less than 1.225 g/ml lipoprotein fraction just
      prior to separation and a relative size index, r1, was determined. When r1 values
      for a large number of samples were compared with the log of the LDL molecular
      weight (determined by agarose column chromatography) a linear relationship was
      found with a correlation coefficient, r = 0.85. The regression equation for this
      relationship could be used to calculate LDL molecular weights from the r1 value.
      These values agreed with LDL molecular weight determined by flotation equilibrium
      analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge. We conclude that high performance gel
      filtration chromatography using the TSK 5000 PW column provides an analytical and
      preparative technique for simultaneous separation of individual lipoproteins and
      determination of LDL molecular weight.

PMID- 6833897
TI  - Separation of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy stereoisomers of bile acids by capillary
      gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - Capillary gas-liquid chromatographic separation was studied for the complete set
      of the 26 theoretically possible isomers of mono-, di-, and trihydroxylated 5
      beta-cholanic acids, which differ from one another in the number, position, and
      configuration of hydroxyl groups at C-3, C-7, and/or C-12 in the nucleus, as well
      as for some of their related acids. The bile acid samples were chromatographed as
      their methyl ester-trimethylsilyl (TMSi) ether derivatives and analyzed on three
      capillary columns coated with nonpolar OV-1, slightly polar OV-17, and polar SP
      2340 as liquid phases. The retention times on capillary gas-liquid chromatography
      (GLC) responded dramatically to the minor structural differences, and almost
      complete separation of the positional and stereochemical isomers was achieved by
      the combined use of SP-2340 and OV-17 (or OV-1) capillary columns.

PMID- 6833896
TI  - Synthesis of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-24-one, an
      intermediate in the 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis from
      cholesterol.
AB  - This paper describes the chemical synthesis of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25
      tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-24-one via selective oxidation of 5 beta-cholestane
      3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha, 24 xi,25-pentol with silver carbonate on celite. The
      structure of this 24-keto bile alcohol was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography
      and mass spectrometry. Synthesis of this compound via pyridinium chlorochromate
      oxidation of the triacetoxy derivative of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12
      alpha,24 xi,25-pentol followed by saponification further established its
      structure. 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-Tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-24-one was
      required for the in vivo and in vitro studies of side-chain oxidation and
      cleavage in the 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis.

PMID- 6833898
TI  - Hydrazinolysis of lipids and analysis of their constituent fatty acids.
AB  - Treatment of O-acyl lipids with hydrazine degrades them to hydrazides of the
      constituent fatty acids. These hydrazides react with acetone to yield less polar
      and more volatile N'-isopropylidenealkanohydrazides, R-CO-NH-N = C(CH3)2, which
      strongly absorb ultraviolet light and are amenable to thin-layer and gas-liquid
      chromatographic analyses. In presence of cyclopentene, reduction of double bonds
      in unsaturated fatty acids with hydrazine does not occur. The method of
      hydrazinolysis followed by acetonization has been used for fatty acid analysis of
      different classes of lipids.

PMID- 6833900
TI  - An unusual complication of nasogastric intubation.

PMID- 6833899
TI  - Renal countercurrent system: role of collecting duct convergence and pelvic urea
      predicted from a mathematical model.
AB  - A differential equation model of the renal countercurrent system has been
      developed and physiological data from nephron segments were incorporated together
      with recently suggested urea recycling from renal pelvis to inner medulla and,
      particularly, an exponential reduction in the number of collecting tubules
      towards the renal papilla. The role of these features for the countercurrent
      concentrating mechanism has been studied by simulation runs. The computations,
      using the multiple shooting method, provide predictions about concentration
      profiles for salt and urea in tubes (nephron segments) and in the central core
      along the entire medullary countercurrent system. The results indicate that this
      model, without active salt or urea transport in the inner medulla, yields
      concentration gradients along the medullary axis compatible with those measured
      in the tissue.

PMID- 6833901
TI  - How new tax law affects physicians' pension plans.

PMID- 6833902
TI  - Patient access to physician medical records: the doctor's responsibility.

PMID- 6833903
TI  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy: a case report.

PMID- 6833904
TI  - Leptospirosis.

PMID- 6833905
TI  - The current management of cataracts.

PMID- 6833907
TI  - Volvulus of the cecum: a case report and review of literature.

PMID- 6833906
TI  - Significant HLA and erythrocyte phenotypes among physicians, nurses and medical
      technologists ("genes of a feather flock together").

PMID- 6833908
TI  - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by cryosurgery.

PMID- 6833909
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism: study of etiological aspect.

PMID- 6833910
TI  - Actions of inhalation anaesthetics in clinical concentrations upon cellular
      protein and DNA content of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vitro.

PMID- 6833911
TI  - Albendazole in treatment of hookworm infestation in Thailand.

PMID- 6833912
TI  - Medical care in Eastern Europe.

PMID- 6833913
TI  - Disseminated strongyloidiasis: a case report.

PMID- 6833914
TI  - An unusual suicidal gunshot wound: a case report.

PMID- 6833915
TI  - Reversal of female sterilization by magnification lens.

PMID- 6833916
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy in the management of venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 6833917
TI  - Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of brain metastasis.

PMID- 6833918
TI  - Applying Georgia's medical malpractice statute of limitations in "foreign object"
      cases.

PMID- 6833919
TI  - Effects of hyperkalemia on local changes of repolarization duration in canine
      left ventricle.
AB  - The effect of hyperkalemia on the distribution of ventricular repolarization
      properties was investigated using the interval between minimum QRS and maximum T
      derivatives of multiple electrograms as a measure of local repolarization
      duration. Local repolarization duration decreased, with more marked reduction at
      the epicardium than endocardium near the base, and greater decrease at the
      endocardium than epicardium near the apex. The nonhomogeneous reduction of
      repolarization duration helps account for T waveform changes due to hyperkalemia
      and may be a factor in the occurrence of re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6833920
TI  - Familial WPW syndrome.

PMID- 6833921
TI  - The J wave in accidental hypothermia.
AB  - Electrocardiograms of 50 patients with accidental hypothermia were reviewed with
      regard to the J wave with the following results: (1) J waves were observed in 40
      of 50 cases. (2) J waves were recorded most frequently in leads II or V6 (34 of
      40 cases, 85%). However, in deep hypothermia, the J wave was often most prominent
      in leads V3 or V4. (3) The size of the J wave appeared to be related to body
      temperature. Below 30 degrees C, large J waves were often observed; above 30
      degrees C, J waves were usually smaller. (4) J waves were not distinctive in the
      cases with clockwise rotation. (5) The appearance and the size of the J waves
      seemed not to be associated with the arterial pH. (6) The J wave decreased in
      size along with rise of the body temperature. However, a small J wave persisted
      in many cases even after normothermia was restored. It was also difficult to
      distinguish these small J waves from small notches at the QRS-ST junction which
      are sometimes observed in normal individuals not subjected to hypothermia.

PMID- 6833922
TI  - Site of conduction delay in children with catheter-induced right bundle branch
      block.
AB  - Eight cases of catheter-induced right bundle branch block (RBBB) in children
      during electrophysiologic studies are presented. Recording of right ventricular
      apical activation time (V-RVA) before and during the conduction delay allowed
      localization of the block along the course of the right bundle branch system. In
      the majority of patients, a significant lengthening of V-RVA was observed,
      indicating that proximal right bundle branch block is the most commonly induced
      type of conduction delay. Block was transient in all patients and terminated
      several minutes to 24 hours after its induction.

PMID- 6833923
TI  - Effects of timing of vagal stimulation on the sinoatrial nodal cell discharge.
AB  - The effects of vagal stimulation on the activity of the isolated rabbit sino
      atrial (SA) node preparation were studied using electrophysiological techniques.
      Brief stimulus trains, which were subthreshold for the myocardial cells, were
      applied in order to release acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminals.
      Transmembrane potentials were recorded from the follower cells located at the
      exit site near the pacemaker region. As the time from peak of the action
      potential to delivery of the vagal stimuli was progressively increased, the sinus
      cycle length first became progressively prolonged, and then was rapidly reduced
      to the control value. In order to resolve the underlying mechanisms for the phase
      dependency, the effects of vagal stimulation were examined in a quiescent SA node
      preparation. When one stimulus was applied, membrane hyperpolarization began
      after a latency of 70 msec and developed slowly, reaching its peak value after
      about 270 msec, and its total time course was about 630 msec. Oscillatory
      potentials were observed after the recovery of the vagal-induced
      hyperpolarization; such oscillations were not observed in atrial myocardial
      cells. It is concluded that the slow-onset long-lasting response of the SA node
      cell membrane to ACh may play a role in the phase-dependent effect of vagal
      stimulation.

PMID- 6833925
TI  - Mechanisms of intermittent ventricular parasystole due to type II second degree
      entrance block.
AB  - Three patients with intermittent ventricular parasystole are reported in whom the
      presence of second degree entrance block of type II or a type similar to that was
      shown. In all the patients, when a sinus beat occurred within a certain (the
      first) critical period after the preceding ectopic beat, the parasystolic focus
      was protected from this sinus impulse. When, on the other hand, a sinus beat
      occurred beyond another (the second) critical period after the ectopic beat, this
      sinus impulse reached and discharged the focus without an appreciable conduction
      delay. In one patient the second critical period was equal to the first one,
      while, in the other two, the second one was longer than the first one. In these
      two patients, when a sinus beat occurred between the two critical periods after
      the ectopic beat, this sinus impulse reached and discharged the focus after
      marked delay, and thereafter became a manifest or concealed re-entrant
      ventricular extrasystole. On the basis of these observations, an attempt was made
      to clarify the difference in mechanism between type I and type II second degree
      entrance block.

PMID- 6833924
TI  - The relationship of carotid sinus stimulation to exercise testing.
AB  - This review is an attempt to demonstrate the safety and usefulness of the simple
      maneuver of carotid sinus stimulation with selected subjects undergoing exercise
      tests. In a variety of circumstances the addition of CSP before or after
      treadmill walking can yield clinically relevant information relating to
      arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, symptoms, and pacemakers. Further
      applications and benefits of these combined procedures remain to be clarified and
      expanded for judicious application with attention to safeguards.

PMID- 6833927
TI  - Comparison between electrophysiologic studies and ambulatory monitoring in
      patients with syncope.
AB  - The efficacy of 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and electrophysiologic studies was
      determined in sixty-five patients with a history of syncope or pre-syncope.
      Patients with an obvious cause of syncope and/or significant arrhythmias on the
      resting ECG were excluded. Monitoring and electrophysiologic studies were
      performed within one week. Arrhythmias and/or electrophysiologic abnormalities
      which were considered to be the cause of syncope or pre-syncope were detected
      with monitoring in 31 patients and with electrophysiologic studies in 42
      patients. By combining both methods symptoms were explained in 51 patients (78%).
      In 22 of the patients arrhythmias were detected with both methods. Thus, in a
      group of patients with no obvious cause of syncope, abnormalities were readily
      detected with monitoring and electrophysiologic studies. These methods are
      complimentary and should be used (monitoring usually first) in the appropriate
      symptomatic patient.

PMID- 6833926
TI  - Beta blockade in asymptomatic diabetics with abnormal rest electrocardiograms.
AB  - Diabetic patients without evidence of vascular disease often reveal non-specific
      ST-T changes and prolonged QTc intervals in their ECGs. In an attempt to
      elucidate the role of autonomic dysfunction in the etiology of these changes, we
      compared the ECGs and beat to beat variations in 22 patients with changes in
      repolarization before and one hour after beta blockade. None had clinical
      evidence of ischaemic heart disease or peripheral vascular disease. In 19
      patients (86%) the ST-T changes persisted after beta blockade. Heart rate was
      75.6 +/- 15.3/min before and 64.3 +/- 9.6/min after beta blockade, while the QTc
      interval was 0.43 +/- 0.02 sec before and 0.41 +/- 0.02 sec after propranolol.
      Beat to beat variation during deep breathing is diminished in diabetic patients.
      Beta blockade reversed this phenomena. We conclude that while beat to beat
      variations and prolongation of QTc are likely to be consequent to autonomic
      neuropathy, the ST-T changes do not appear to be due to increased sympathetic
      tone and their etiology is yet to be determined.

PMID- 6833928
TI  - Radioimmunoassays for individual rat neurophysins.

PMID- 6833929
TI  - Effects of prolactin on testosterone-induced growth and protein synthesis in rat
      accessory sex glands.
AB  - The relative importance of testosterone and prolactin in regulating growth and
      protein synthesis in rat accessory sex glands has been investigated. Protein
      synthesis was measured by incubating tissue minces in vitro with [35S]methionine
      and analysing labelled proteins on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl
      sulphate. Plasma prolactin was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Results showed that
      castration for 8 days significantly reduced wet weights and total protein
      synthesis in the ventral prostate, dorsolateral prostate and caput epididymidis,
      but that these effects could be reversed by exogenous testosterone. Similarly,
      the specific incorporation of [35S]methionine into four polypeptides in the
      ventral prostate, two polypeptides in the dorsolateral prostate and two
      polypeptides in the caput epididymidis was lowered by castration but markedly
      stimulated by testosterone. Acute or chronic administration of 2-bromo-alpha
      ergocryptine to animals in combination with testosterone had no significant
      effect on any of the parameters measured, although the drug reduced circulating
      prolactin to undetectable levels. In addition, exogenous prolactin given alone,
      or in combination with testosterone, to hypophysectomized rats had no effect on
      general or specific protein synthesis. The induction of hyperprolactinaemia in
      immature or mature rats with pituitary homographs had no effect on testosterone
      stimulated growth of any accessory gland, although it caused a significant
      stimulation of total protein synthesis in the dorsolateral prostate and
      coagulating glands. However, this was a generalized effect as it did not increase
      the specific incorporation of [35S]methionine into androgen-dependent proteins.
      The results do not indicate a major role for prolactin in regulating androgen
      responsiveness of male accessory sex glands in the rat.

PMID- 6833930
TI  - Regulation of luteal activity in adult female rats treated neonatally with
      testosterone propionate.
AB  - The present study was concerned with the control of luteal activity in female
      rats which had been treated neonatally with 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (TP).
      Treatment of such rats in adulthood with 15 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin
      induced ovulation followed by a period of luteal activity. The two daily surges
      of prolactin secretion, typical for a period of luteal activity in the normal
      female rat, were not observed in TP-treated females. Instead, higher basal levels
      of prolactin were observed in TP-treated females than in normal female rats.
      Furthermore, uterine traumatization at 5 days after ovulation did not result in
      the formation of decidual tissue. In intact TP-treated females luteal activity,
      induced and temporarily sustained by an ectopic pituitary transplant, persisted
      after removal of the pituitary graft. In contrast, in TP-treated females which
      had been ovariectomized on day 25 of age and had received an ovarian transplant
      before induction of the luteal phase, luteal activity ended within a week after
      removal of the ectopic pituitary gland. Females treated with TP which had been
      ovariectomized on day 25 of life had lower plasma levels of prolactin and higher
      levels of dopamine in hypophysial stalk plasma than intact TP-treated females
      when measured at 4 months of age. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with
      oestradiol-17 beta increased levels of prolactin in plasma and lowered levels of
      dopamine in hypophysial stalk plasma. It is concluded that the control of luteal
      activity in TP-treated females shows 'male' characteristics. However, the
      presence of the ovaries in such rats leads to decreased hypothalamic release of
      dopamine and increased plasma levels of prolactin, probably due to increased
      oestrogen levels. These increased levels of prolactin are sufficient to maintain
      luteal activity.

PMID- 6833931
TI  - Effects of naloxone and neonatal treatment with monosodium-L-glutamate on growth
      hormone and prolactin release induced by electrical stimulation of the medial
      basal hypothalamus in rats.
AB  - The role of nerve cells of the arcuate nucleus and endogenous opioid peptides in
      the regulation of GH and prolactin secretion has been investigated. Electrical
      stimulation of the medial-basal hypothalamus (MBH) for 10 min raised plasma
      levels of both hormones in male rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium.
      Plasma hormone levels increased within 5 min after the termination of the
      stimulus, while no marked changes were found during stimulation. The GH response
      to the electrical stimulus was substantially reduced in rats with arcuate lesions
      induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG). By contrast, the
      size of the prolactin response was not altered by MSG treatment. The opiate
      receptor antagonist naloxone (10 mg/kg, i.v.) failed to influence GH secretion
      induced by electrical stimulation in either control or MSG-treated animals. The
      post-stimulus rise of plasma prolactin levels was attenuated by naloxone in
      control rats, while the same dose of the drug was ineffective in rats which had
      been exposed to MSG. We conclude that endogenous opioids participate in the
      increase of prolactin release upon electrical stimulation of the MBH but are not
      involved in the GH secretory response. Arcuate neurones are important in the
      maintenance of the GH response to electrical stimulation. By contrast, lesioning
      of the arcuate nucleus failed to affect the prolactin secretory response elicited
      by MBH stimulation. However, prolactin release in MSG-treated rats appeared less
      susceptible to the inhibitory action of naloxone, suggesting a possible
      supersensitivity towards endogenous opioids.

PMID- 6833932
TI  - Teat stimulation-induced prolactin release in non-pregnant and pregnant Holstein
      heifers.
AB  - The effect of manual teat stimulation (milking paradigm) on release of prolactin
      was studied (1) in non-pregnant heifers (six each in age groups 3, 6, and 10
      months), in 15 heifers at 100, 150, 200 and 250 days of gestation and at 30 and
      90 days of lactation (during machine milking) and (3) simultaneously in six
      heifers at less than or equal to 100 and in six heifers at greater than or equal
      to 200 days of gestation. Among non-pregnant heifers small increases in prolactin
      response to teat stimulation were measured in three of six, two of six and none
      of six animals at 3, 6, or 10 months of age. In contrast, prolactin responses of
      the 15 heifers (area under response curves and absolute peaks) were significantly
      greater with each progressive stage of gestation. However, prolactin responses to
      machine milking at 30 days of lactation were significantly less than responses to
      manual teat stimulation during the latter stages of pregnancy, and responses at
      90 days of lactation were further diminished. The changes in prolactin response
      during gestation were not due to seasonal effects as prolactin responses measured
      simultaneously in animals at different stages of gestation showed similar trends
      in responsiveness.

PMID- 6833933
TI  - Prolonged oestrogen treatment inhibits growth hormone-induced growth in
      hypopituitary dwarf mice.
AB  - This paper presents an investigation into the effects of prolonged oestrogen
      treatment (20 days) on basal growth and on growth stimulated by GH in
      hypopituitary dwarf mice. Body weight and tail length were measured during the
      treatment period and uptake of 35SO4(2-) into costal cartilage in vivo at the end
      of the treatment period. This study confirmed that treatment with human GH
      promotes a dose-dependent increase in body weight, tail length and uptake of
      35SO4(2-) in vivo; there was a highly significant correlation between these
      responses. Treatment with oestrogen alone had no significant effect on any of the
      parameters measured. All groups receiving combined oestrogen and human GH
      treatment showed a significant increase in body weight and tail length compared
      with animals receiving the same dose of oestrogen alone. However, the increase in
      body weight and tail length was significantly less in animals given the highest
      dose of oestrogen plus human GH than that observed in animals treated with the
      same dose of human GH alone. Treatment with oestrogen had no significant effect
      on the uptake of 35SO4(2-) stimulated by human GH. Possible mechanisms for the
      growth-inhibiting effects of oestrogens are discussed.

PMID- 6833934
TI  - Effects of oestradiol-17 beta and diethylstilboestrol on progesterone-induced
      protein (avidin) production in chick oviduct: evidence for differences in the
      actions of steroidal and non-steroidal oestrogens.
AB  - The effects of diethylstilboestrol (DES) and oestradiol-17 beta on the production
      of a progesterone-induced protein (avidin) in the chick oviduct were studied.
      Chicks were pretreated with DES or oestradiol-17 beta daily for 3-28 days and
      progesterone (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered 24 h after the last oestrogen
      injection. Diethylstilboestrol (2-20 mg/kg) administered with progesterone to
      chicks pretreated with DES increased avidin production after 16 h compared with
      that induced by progesterone alone. The potentiation of avidin production
      appeared even when DES was administered between 6 h before and 13 h after
      progesterone injection. The length of DES pretreatment did not affect the
      potentiation. The amount of avidin induced by progesterone in the chicks
      pretreated with oestradiol-17 beta was similar to that in the chicks pretreated
      with DES. Oestradiol-17 beta (2-20 mg/kg) administered with progesterone,
      however, did not affect avidin production. The results suggest that DES may have
      some non-oestrogenic effects on the production of progesterone-induced proteins.

PMID- 6833935
TI  - Effects of prolactin on steroid production by human luteal cells in vitro.
AB  - The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal
      cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at
      concentrations of 0.1-1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by
      luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five
      corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml)
      significantly reduced the oestradiol-17 beta production induced by human
      chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little
      effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal
      or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17 beta. These results are discussed in
      relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.

PMID- 6833936
TI  - Signal detection and matching: analyzing choice on concurrent variable-interval
      schedules.
AB  - Pigeons' pecks on a red key and a green key were followed by access to grain
      according to pairs of concurrent independent variable-interval schedules in a
      combined signal detection/matching law paradigm. Pecks on the red key were
      reinforced by the richer variable-interval schedule if a short-duration tone had
      been presented; pecks on the green key were reinforced by the richer variable
      interval schedule if a long-duration tone had been presented. Pecks on the green
      key given a short-duration tone, or on the red key given a long-duration tone,
      were reinforced by the leaner variable-interval schedule. The data were analyzed
      according to both signal detection's and the matching law's separate measures of,
      first, the discrimination of the choices and, second, the bias to make one
      response or another. Increasing the difficulty of the tone-duration
      discrimination decreased both methods' measures of the discrimination of the
      choices and did not change both methods' measures of the bias to make one
      response or another. Changing the leaner variable-interval schedule so that it
      approached the richer variable-interval schedule decreased signal detection's
      measure of discrimination but left its measure of response bias and the matching
      law measures unchanged. Data collected only until a subject's first changeover
      response following presentation of a long or a short tone showed higher values
      for both methods' measures of discrimination, no change in signal detection's
      measure of response bias, and lower values for the matching law's measure of
      response bias. Relationships between the matching law's and signal detection's
      methods of analyzing choice are discussed. It is concluded that a signal
      detection analysis is more efficient for examining changes in the difficulty of a
      discrimination, whereas a matching law analysis is more effective for examining
      the effects of changes in relative reinforcer frequency.

PMID- 6833937
TI  - The role of verbal behavior in human learning: infant performance on fixed
      interval schedules.
AB  - The performances of two infants less than one year old were investigated on fixed
      interval schedules. When the infants touched a cylinder either music or food was
      presented according to fixed-interval schedules ranging in value from 10 to 50
      seconds. With respect to two principal criteria, namely, pattern of responding
      and sensitivity to the schedule parameter, the subjects' behavior closely
      resembled that of animals but differed markedly from that of older children and
      adults. Negatively accelerated responding in the course of the fixed interval in
      the early sessions gave way to a scalloped pattern, consisting of a pause after
      reinforcement followed by an accelerated response rate. This scalloped pattern
      was the final form of responding on all schedule values. Analysis of data after
      performance had stabilized showed that postreinforcement pause was a negatively
      accelerated increasing function, and running rate (calculated after excluding the
      postreinforcement pause) was a declining function, of schedule value. On each
      schedule, the durations of mean successive interresponse times declined in the
      course of the fixed interval and were directly related to schedule value. The
      results supported Lowe's (1979) suggestion that verbal behavior may be
      responsible for major differences in the schedule performance of older humans and
      animals.

PMID- 6833938
TI  - Response suppression by visual stimuli paired with postsession d-amphetamine
      injections in the pigeon.
AB  - Responding of pigeons, maintained under a fixed-interval 3-minute schedule of
      food presentation, was decreased on days that the color of the lights
      illuminating the food magazine was changed and d-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.m.)
      was injected after the session. Responding was not decreased by keylight color
      changes paired with postsession d-amphetamine or by postsession injections of
      saline. Administration of pentobarbital (3.0 to 5.6 mg/kg), but not d-amphetamine
      (.3 to 3.0 mg/kg), before the session increased rates of responding suppressed by
      drug-paired magazine lights. Responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30
      response schedule was not decreased when differently colored magazine lights were
      paired with a low (.3 mg/kg) postsession dose of d-amphetamine; with high (3.0
      mg/kg) postsession doses, however, responding was completely suppressed after two
      pairings. The effects of pairing magazine stimuli with an intermediate (1.0
      mg/kg) postsession dose of d-amphetamine depended upon the magnitude of prior
      postsession doses. After being paired with a low dose, stimuli paired with 1.0
      mg/kg did not suppress responding. After being paired with a high dose, stimuli
      paired with 1.0 mg/kg completely suppressed responding. The suppression of food
      maintained responding by stimuli paired with postsession drug administration
      depends upon both behavioral and pharmacological variables.

PMID- 6833940
TI  - The local organization of behavior: dissociations between a pigeon's behavior and
      self-reports of that behavior.
AB  - The purpose of the experiment was to study the relation between what an organism
      does in a setting that demands temporal patterning of behavior and what it
      reports it has done. More specifically, a pigeon produced two classes, shorter
      and longer, of temporal patterns of key pecks (interresponse times) on a center
      key. Occasionally, a symbolic matching-to-sample probe arranged on side keys
      asked the pigeon whether its most recent pattern was a shorter or longer one. The
      longer reinforced pattern was always three times as long as the shorter one and
      the two patterns were reinforced equally often. Absolute duration of reinforced
      patterns was varied. In some conditions, interresponse-time distributions on the
      center key were bimodal, indicating a clear behavioral adaptation to the
      contingency, yet a bird did not report very well by appropriate side-key
      responding what its most recent interresponse time had been. In other conditions,
      the interresponse-time distributions were less clearly bimodal, yet a bird
      reported more accurately its previous interresponse time as shorter or longer.
      Thus, there was a dissociation between how well behavior on the center key
      conformed to the schedule requirement and how well a bird reported what it was
      doing on the center key. In addition, as absolute duration of the reinforced
      patterns was increased, a bird categorized its most recent pattern less well even
      as its preference for the shorter pattern increased dramatically. These results
      were interpreted as an example of the phenomenon of dissociation between tacit
      knowledge and knowledge.

PMID- 6833939
TI  - Drug effects on repeated acquisition: comparison of cumulative and non-cumulative
      dosing.
AB  - Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding
      sequentially on three keys in the presence of a sequence of four colors. The
      response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule.
      Errors produced a brief timeout but did not reset the chain. Each day there were
      four 15-minute sessions, with a 10-minute inter-session interval. Cumulative dose
      effect curves for phencyclidine, pentobarbital, and d-amphetamine were obtained
      by giving an injection before each of the four sessions; successive injections
      increased the cumulative dose in equally spaced logarithmic steps. For
      comparison, non-cumulative doses of each drug (i.e., doses not preceded by other
      doses on the same day) were also tested. As the cumulative dose of each drug
      increased, the overall response rate decreased, the percent errors increased, and
      there was less within-session error reduction (acquisition). With phencyclidine
      and pentobarbital, the rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects tended to be
      greater with a non-cumulative dose than with the corresponding cumulative dose.
      In contrast, with d-amphetamine, the effects were considerably greater with the
      cumulative doses. The results indicate that although the cumulative-dosing
      procedure saved a substantial amount of time in determining dose-effect curves,
      there were quantitative differences in effects between cumulative and non
      cumulative doses.

PMID- 6833941
TI  - Pigeons' spatial memory: II. Acquisition of delayed matching of key location and
      transfer to new locations.
AB  - Five hungry pigeons first received delayed matching of key location training.
      Trials began with a "ready" stimulus (brief operation of the grain feeder). Then
      one (randomly chosen) of a set of four keys from a three-by-three matrix was lit
      briefly as the sample. After a short delay (retention interval), the sample key
      was lit again along with one of the other eight keys. A peck at the key that had
      served as the sample produced grain reinforcement, whereas a peck to the other
      key produced only the intertrial interval. After delayed matching of key location
      was learned, the remaining five key locations were introduced as samples. Four of
      the five birds performed at considerably above-chance levels on the novel sample
      trials during the first as well as subsequent sessions. These results suggest
      that pigeons sometimes learn the single rule-"choose the location that matches
      the sample." The relevance of these results to the issue of whether pigeons learn
      a generalized matching rule (i.e., a concept of "sameness") is discussed.

PMID- 6833942
TI  - Measures of response bias at minimum-detectable luminance levels in the pigeon.
AB  - Using an operant analogue of the yes-no detection task, six pigeons were trained
      to detect luminance changes under two different reinforcement-scheduling
      procedures. In the first, an uncontrolled reinforcement-ratio procedure, the
      relative frequency of food reinforcers obtained for correct detections was free
      to vary with the birds' behavior as luminance levels were changed. In the second,
      a controlled reinforcement-ratio procedure, changes in preference could not alter
      the relative distribution of food reinforcers between the two response
      alternatives. Extreme response biases developed as luminance was decreased to
      threshold in the uncontrolled procedure. No progressive changes in response bias
      as a function of decreasing luminance were seen in the controlled procedure.
      Absolute thresholds for light intensity were lower in the controlled than in the
      uncontrolled procedure.

PMID- 6833943
TI  - Influence of circadian rhythms on rat muscle glycogen metabolism during and after
      exercise.
AB  - Marked circadian fluctuations in skeletal muscle glycogen concentrations have
      previously been reported. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the
      influence of these rhythms on muscle glycogen metabolism during and after high
      intensity treadmill exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ran five 1-min sprints at
      75 m min-1 interspersed by 1-3 min rest intervals either at 08.00 h (morning) or
      at 20.00 h (night). All muscles sampled lost significant amounts of glycogen
      during exercise at both time periods. There were no differences in rates of loss
      between morning and night, even though glycogen levels in several muscles (high
      oxidative muscles) were significantly higher before exercise in the morning.
      Following exercise, glycogen restoration in muscle samples primarily composed of
      fast-twitch fibres was more rapid in the morning than at night. There was no
      difference in glycogen restoration rates between the two time periods in the
      muscle primarily composed of slow-twitch fibres. Although liver glycogen was
      lower after exercise at night than in the morning, there were no differences in
      post-exercise blood glucose levels between the two time periods. In conclusion,
      circadian rhythms do not appear to influence rates of glycogen loss during high
      speed running. However, since glycogen loss is the same at all times of day, one
      would predict that circadian changes in pre-exercise muscle glycogen
      concentrations would affect muscular endurance. Muscle glycogen restoration after
      exercise does appear to be affected by circadian rhythms, although interpretation
      of these data is complicated by possible changes in patterns of muscle fibre
      contraction at different times of the day. These circadian influences should be
      considered in the design of exercise studies using laboratory rodents.

PMID- 6833945
TI  - Relationship between haemoglobin O2 affinity and the ventilatory response to
      hypoxia in the Rhea and pheasant.

PMID- 6833944
TI  - The generation of rhythmic activity in a distributed motor system.
AB  - Rhythmic activity that is distributed to the brain and buccal ganglia and which
      underlies several types of behaviour, can be evoked from isolated nervous systems
      of Pleurobranchaea californica by tonic nerve stimulation. The experiments
      presented here were designed to test whether this rhythmic activity is produced
      by independent neuronal oscillators located in each ganglion or whether the
      rhythmic activity arises from a single oscillatory locus in the buccal ganglion
      and is transmitted passively to the brain. By interrupting the conduction of
      activity in the cerebrobuccal connectives (CBC) between brain and buccal ganglia
      we show that motor output from the brain depends on sustained, cycle to cycle
      input from the buccal ganglion and cannot be reset with respect to the buccal
      activity. The production of rhythmic activity in the brain depends on the
      generation of rhythmic activity in the buccal ganglia whether the rhythms are
      activated by stimulation of buccal roots or paracerebral command cells in the
      brain. Simultaneous intracellular recordings from brain motoneurones and buccal
      interneurones which project to the brain indicate that these interneurones
      provide both the drive and the pattern for rhythmic motor output in the brain.
      Tonic stimulation of the CBC can produce rhythmic activity in isolated brains in
      which all nerve roots and connectives have been cut. This can be explained by the
      fact that tonic stimulation of the connectives is transformed into phasic
      activity by the axons within the connective. We conclude therefore, that
      rhythmic, coordinated activity in the brain and buccal ganglia of Pleurobranchaea
      arises from oscillatory circuits that are located only in the buccal ganglia.

PMID- 6833946
TI  - Selective recruitment of interganglionic interneurones during different motor
      patterns in Pleurobranchaea.

PMID- 6833947
TI  - Coupled neuronal oscillators in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis: endogenous cellular
      properties and network interactions.
AB  - The role of endogenous cellular properties and network interactions due to
      electrotonic coupling were investigated in two bilateral populations of 2-7
      peripheral neurones ('Peripheral Bursters') in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. 1.
      These cells are endogenously capable of bursting. Their burst frequency does not
      depend on the level of steady membrane polarization. Short hyperpolarizing
      current pulses injected during the bursting cycle induce phase advance and no
      phase delay in subsequent cycles, the phase advance being a function of the phase
      of stimulus application. Phase response and inter-burst interval curves have been
      constructed for short hyperpolarizing current pulses. Their shape depends on the
      intensity and sign of tonically injected current. This property of Peripheral
      Bursters is one reason for the independence of period duration from membrane
      polarization. 2. Coordination of burst activity of Peripheral Bursters has been
      studied as a function of coupling strength: whereas homolateral cells are
      relatively strongly electrotonically coupled and always burst synchronously, thus
      forming a single oscillatory unit, heterolateral cells are only weakly
      electrotonically coupled. Accordingly, they show more variable, though
      coordinated, patterns of activity. Most commonly, periods with 1:1 entrainment
      alternate with periods with 1:2 entrainment. The duration and frequency of
      occurrence of either mode of entrainment are highly variable in different
      preparations.

PMID- 6833948
TI  - Induction of acute thrombocytopenia and infection of megakaryocytes by Rauscher
      murine leukemia virus reflect the genetic susceptibility to leukemogenesis.
AB  - Acute thrombocytopenia and megakaryocyte infection have been investigated during
      the preleukemic phase of the disease induced by the Rauscher murine leukemia
      virus (RMuLV) in mice. Injection of RMuLV, either intravenously or
      intraperitoneally, rapidly induced thrombocytopenia, possibly as a result of
      direct interaction between platelets and viral particles. The susceptibility to
      this acute thrombocytopenia was genetically controlled and was inherited as a
      dominant trait. Murine strains with H-2d or H-2k haplotype, which are susceptible
      to the induction of leukemia by RMuLV, developed thrombocytopenia, whereas
      leukemia-resistant H-2b and H-2q strains of mice failed to develop
      thrombocytopenia. Using B10 H-2-congenic and intra-H-2-recombinant mice, it was
      shown that the susceptibility to RMuLV-induced thrombocytopenia was controlled by
      gene(s) in or closely linked to the D region of the H-2 complex. Megakaryocytes
      may be one of the first sites for the replication of RMuLV. Indeed, among bone
      marrow cells, only megakaryocytes expressed viral antigens gp70 and p30 during
      the initial phase of RMuLV infection. In addition, megakaryocytes from infected
      mice were able to transfer preleukemic thrombocytopenia as well as leukemia in
      syngeneic mice. The infection of megakaryocytes by RMuLV appears to be
      genetically controlled in a manner similar to the induction of thrombocytopenia,
      since only the megakaryocytes from mice developing thrombocytopenia were infected
      by RMuLV. These results indicate that the gene(s) governing the induction of
      thrombocytopenia by RMuLV may be the same gene(s) (or closely linked to the gene)
      that controls the susceptibility to leukemogenesis, and would be consistent with
      the expression of the gene product, presumably a receptor-like molecule for
      RMuLV, on platelet and megakaryocyte membranes.

PMID- 6833949
TI  - The failure of a major histocompatibility antigen to stimulate a thyroid
      allograft reaction after culture in oxygen.
AB  - The lymphocytic infiltration found in multiple cultured BALB/c thyroids placed in
      the same C57BL/6 recipient was found to be highly correlated and the high
      variability between animals was not influenced by the number of lobes. It was
      concluded that the variable infiltration was largely due to host factors. Because
      a similar correlation was found between BALB/c and C3H grafts, the response to a
      minor antigen common to these two strains was suggested as a cause of the
      infiltration. When the response of C57BL/6 mice to cultured B6.C (H-2d) and
      BALB.B (H-2b) grafts was compared, a synergism between major and minor antigens
      was suggested. However, when the time of culture was increased from 48 to 60 h
      and the response of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were compared with identically
      cultured B6.C (H-2d) grafts, a striking difference between major and minor
      antigens was observed. None of 10 such grafts in C57BL/6 recipients (major
      antigens only) showed any infiltration, whereas 8 out of the 9 grafts in BALB/c
      recipients (minor antigens only) were infiltrated.

PMID- 6833950
TI  - Monoclonal antibody against human T cell leukemia virus p19 defines a human
      thymic epithelial antigen acquired during ontogeny.
AB  - Using monoclonal antibody 12/1-2 against a 19,000-dalton human T cell leukemia
      virus (HTLV) protein (anti-p19), previously demonstrated to be reactive with HTLV
      infected human cells, but not in numerous other uninfected cells, we found a
      reactive antigen to be expressed on the neuroendocrine component of human thymic
      epithelial cells but not on any other normal epithelial or neuroendocrine human
      tissues. Moreover, this reactive antigen is acquired on neuroendocrine thymic
      epithelium during thymic ontogeny--first appearing on fetal thymic epithelial
      cells between 8 and 15 wk gestation. While only a portion of thymic epithelial
      cells in the subcapsular cortical region of 15- and 24-wk fetal thymuses
      contained anti-p19+ epithelial cells, the entire subcapsular cortical region of
      newborn thymus epithelium was anti-p19+. By age 3 yr, normal subjects' entire
      subcapsular cortical and medullary thymic epithelium was anti-p19+. Using
      antibody against HTLV core protein, p24, and c-DNA probes for HTLV DNA, neither
      HTLV-specific p24 protein nor proviral DNA could be demonstrated in anti-p19+
      thymic epithelial tissue. However, thymic epithelial extracts, disrupted HTLV
      extracts, as well as purified HTLV p19 antigen all inhibited the binding of anti
      p19 antibody to thymic epithelium. Thus, anti-p19 may recognize a determinant on
      an HTLV-encoded 19,000-dalton structural protein that is shared by human thymic
      epithelium. Alternatively, anti-p19 defines a host encoded protein that is
      selectively expressed by normal thymic epithelium, and is induced to be expressed
      in HTLV-infected malignant T cells.

PMID- 6833951
TI  - Edema-producing activity of group A streptococcal polysaccharide and its possible
      role in the pathogenesis of cell wall-induced polyarthritis.
AB  - Edematous responses were induced in the limbs of Sprague-Dawley rats by
      intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intra-articular injections of group-specific
      polysaccharide (PS) isolated from the cell walls of group A streptococci. After
      intravenous injection of the edema-producing PS, vascular permeability increase
      (measured by 125I-human serum albumin) was detected in the limbs, but not in the
      heart, lungs, spleen, liver, thymus, kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, submandibular
      lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, or ascending colon. This indicates a
      selective effect on vascular endothelium of the joints. Evidence to suggest that
      the edema-producing activity of the PS might play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of cell wall-induced polyarthritis included the following: (a) the
      presence of edema-producing activity in arthropathogenic cell wall preparations;
      (b) cell wall preparations without edema-producing activity were significantly
      less active in inducing arthritis than were those which contained edema-producing
      activity; and (c) the addition of edema-producing PS to cell wall preparations
      increased both the incidence and the severity of arthritis.

PMID- 6833952
TI  - Studies of insulin resistance in adipocytes induced by macrophage mediator.
AB  - An apparent insulin resistance is noted in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after the addition
      of an endotoxin-induced mediator from macrophages. Examination at the level of
      the insulin receptor has revealed that the mediator does not effect either the
      functional ability of the cells to bind insulin or the ability of insulin to
      stimulate the uptake of glucose. The resistance appears to reflect a post
      receptor interference with the insulin-induced biosynthesis of the anabolic
      enzymes, acetyl Co-A carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, which are required
      for the conversion of glucose into storage lipid. These studies offer a new in
      vitro model for investigating the molecular basis of insulin resistance.

PMID- 6833953
TI  - Fellowship training in family medicine: what next?

PMID- 6833954
TI  - A new iatrogenic cause of anisocoria.

PMID- 6833955
TI  - Breastfeeding.

PMID- 6833956
TI  - Risk of thyroid withdrawal in insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 6833957
TI  - The undiagnosed patient.

PMID- 6833958
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis in the community hospital.
AB  - The clinical records from three community hospitals of 161 patients with a
      diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis were reviewed. Epidemiological, clinical,
      and laboratory findings were compared with previous studies of selected
      populations and age groups as well as with those from referral centers. The
      purpose of this study was to obtain information on infectious mononucleosis as it
      presents to primary care physicians in the community setting. Infectious
      mononucleosis can pose diagnostic difficulties, demonstrated by the variety of
      admission diagnoses made by physicians prior to the laboratory confirmation of
      the illness. Although often a benign and self-limited illness, hospitalization
      was often required for minor and rare major complications. Ampicillin-related
      rash did not occur so frequently as previously reported. The use of steroids in
      treatment of complications was felt to be appropriate. With few exceptions,
      epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings generally agreed with previous
      studies.

PMID- 6833959
TI  - Breast self-examination: historical perspective and current progress.
AB  - During its 30 years as an examination technique, breast self-examination (BSE)
      has developed from an idea proposed by a chapter of the American Cancer Society
      to a standard recommendation of many health care professionals. While screening
      for breast carcinoma has been documented as a valuable undertaking, a majority of
      the studies are concerned with physician examination and the use of
      xeromammography. BSE as an individual factor has not been adequately studied.
      Since several studies propose that BSE is indeed effective, while others refute
      that contention, the results of well-controlled prospective studies are needed.
      The current literature is at least supportive of BSE, which should be encouraged
      while controlled trials are analyzed.

PMID- 6833960
TI  - Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Kawasaki disease is an acute, multisystem illness that predominantly affects
      young children and has been described throughout the world. The triphasic course
      includes an initial phase of acute illness marked by high fever, conjunctival
      injection, oral changes, and erythematous rash. The second, subacute, phase
      begins with a decline of the acute findings and proceeds with desquamation of
      rash, joint manifestations, thrombocytosis, and cardiac disease. Most deaths (1
      to 2 percent of cases) occur in this phase, usually resulting from myocardial
      infarction. During the third phase all signs of clinical illness subside. The
      prognosis is related to the degree of cardiac involvement, and 14 to 20 percent
      of patients develop coronary artery aneurysms. Inhibition of platelet
      aggregation, combined with symptomatic relief and supportive measures, forms the
      cornerstone of therapy. Family physicians need to be aware of this illness,
      particularly since it can no longer be considered rare.

PMID- 6833962
TI  - Stepfamilies in family practice.
AB  - Stepfamilies have several important structural features and developmental
      milestones that differ from the nuclear family: complex relationships, ambiguous
      roles and expectations for family members, wide variety of previous family
      experiences for the various members, changes in support group and living
      arrangements, unresolved grief, and lack of institutional support. These features
      influence physical and mental health. The family physician must be aware of how
      stepfamily problems are likely to present and how to assist the stepfamily
      members with their problems. This paper describes an approach to recognition and
      management of stepfamily problems, anticipatory guidance for prevention of
      problems, and a number of patient education resources.

PMID- 6833961
TI  - Intrapsychic symptom dimensions of adolescent suicide attempters.
AB  - The research literature on adolescent suicide is unclear as to whether
      psychopathology underlies the suicide attempt. A group of 46 adolescent suicide
      attempters were compared with a group of 46 adolescent nonattempters to determine
      whether suicidal adolescents differed from this comparison group in
      characteristics of psychopathology. The findings indicated that the attempters
      exceeded nonattempters on 8 of 11 measures of psychopathology. Such findings
      suggest that adolescent suicide attempters emit clear signs of psychological
      distress that can be detected by physicians treating this population.

PMID- 6833963
TI  - The predictive value of the presenting complaint.
AB  - The relationship between the presenting complaint and the principal problem
      identified during 103 new patient visits was assessed in an academic primary care
      setting. Complaints and problems were classified by content as somatic,
      psychosocial, or health maintenance and compared by category. The presenting
      complaint correctly identified the category in 76 percent of somatic but only 6
      percent of psychosocial principal problems (sensitivity of 76 percent and 6
      percent, respectively). The likelihood of a same-category principal problem
      (positive predictive value) ranged from 53 percent for somatic to 100 percent for
      psychosocial presenting complaints. A specific underlying motivation for the
      visit other than the presenting complaint was noted by the primary provider in 42
      percent of the encounters and was most frequent in those encounters characterized
      by a lack of concordance between complaint and problem. The presenting complaint
      introduces the clinical encounter, but its value is limited in specifically
      identifying the principal problem.

PMID- 6833964
TI  - The geriatric patient in ecological perspective.
AB  - A hallmark of family medicine is the concern for the individual in the context of
      family and local community. For the geriatric patient in particular, these
      concerns far exceed the capabilities of the traditional biomedical model. A
      problem-solving approach to clinical problems is proposed which extends beyond
      pathophysiology to include biographical and ecological considerations. A case of
      an older couple is presented that serves to illustrate the importance of a
      multilevel approach to patient care and management.

PMID- 6833965
TI  - Patients who request alternative (non-medical) health care.

PMID- 6833966
TI  - Family medicine and family therapy: comparative development, methods, and roles.
AB  - Family medicine and family therapy have evolved separately, but the fields are
      now increasingly in contact with each other. Today's family physician needs a
      deeper grasp of their similarities and differences. This paper compares the two
      disciplines in terms of their (1) membership criteria for treatment, (2)
      considered appropriateness for treatment, (3) contractual process, and (4)
      evolution of membership over time. Also explored are the disciplines' notions of
      illness and change; their differing attitudes toward technique are analyzed as
      well. Family therapists and family physicians appear likely to have increased
      exposure to one another. As they do, common approaches may develop, and
      conceptual differences may present a mutual stimulus for growth and change.

PMID- 6833967
TI  - Teaching sigmoidoscopy to primary care physicians: a controlled study of
      continuing medical education.
AB  - A sigmoidoscopy skills preceptorship was developed for physicians to increase the
      rate of sigmoidoscopy by physicians in a health maintenance organization. The
      preceptorship was designed as a randomized, controlled study of continuing
      medical education. Baseline sigmoidoscopy rates of participating physicians were
      similar to those of nonparticipants, as were selected demographic and
      professional characteristics. Physicians randomized to receive sigmoidoscopy
      training significantly increased their rate of sigmoidoscopy when compared with
      controls. The proportion of barium enemas accompanied by sigmoidoscopy likewise
      increased. All physicians who participated improved when compared with
      nonparticipants. The sigmoidoscopy skills preceptorship appears to be a
      worthwhile endeavor in continuing medical education.

PMID- 6833968
TI  - Telescopic laryngoscopy.
AB  - Examination of the larynx is neglected as a regular part of the physical
      examination by many physicians, largely because of difficulties inherent in the
      angled-mirror technique of visualizing this area. Simple, relatively inexpensive
      right-angle telescopes especially designed for laryngoscopy are now available to
      facilitate this examination. In one study, abnormalities were found in 17 percent
      of consecutive asymptomatic patients receiving laryngoscopy. This procedure has
      an important role as a screening procedure and as a diagnostic aid in the workup
      of patients with laryngeal symptoms. The technique can be readily learned and
      used in everyday medical practice.

PMID- 6833969
TI  - Lithium-induced dysrhythmias as a marker for sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 6833970
TI  - Rickets in a breast-fed infant.

PMID- 6833972
TI  - Citation analysis of The Journal of Family Practice.

PMID- 6833971
TI  - Use of mainframe computer for analyzing family practice information.

PMID- 6833973
TI  - Disability assessment and the family physician.

PMID- 6833974
TI  - J10 lactate-induced polycythemia in newts.
AB  - Specimens of Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laurenti) raised for about 3 weeks in a
      3 gm/liter solution of sodium lactate present a slight alkalosis and a mean
      increase of about 35% in the red blood cell count in comparison to control
      animals raised in identically oxygenated water; analogous treatment with an equal
      molar concentration of sodium pyruvate produces only alkalosis. Since lactate
      alone determines an increase in the number of erythrocytes as does hypoxia, and
      hypoxia always induces an increase in plasma lactate levels, it can be deduced
      that erythropoietin (ESF) production is stimulated by an increase in plasma
      lactate and not directly by a lack of oxygen. The hypothesis that ESF in newts is
      produced by the "lactate-sensitive cells" of the renal corpuscles, which
      hypertrophy after experimental anaemia or treatment with lactic acid salts, is
      indirectly confirmed.

PMID- 6833975
TI  - Videotape analysis of hamster ovulation in vitro.
AB  - Videotape recordings were made of hamster follicles ovulating in vitro. These
      recordings were analyzed to characterize the morphological changes occurring in
      ovulating follicles and to time various events in the ovulation sequence. Before
      rupture, the shape of the follicle is transformed from a low to tall profile as
      shown previously (Martin and Talbot, '81). The complete transition from a low to
      tall profile required about 22.5 min. During the profile transition, the smooth
      muscle cells (SMC) in the base of the follicle contract (Martin and Talbot, '81),
      and the following events were observed. The base of the follicle moved apically.
      This pressed the cumulus and oocyte against the apical follicle wall, which
      appeared granular rather than smooth. The size of the antrum decreased presumably
      due to obliteration of the basal part of the antrum and movement of follicular
      fluid through the developing rupture site in the apex. The pressing of the
      cumulus against the apical wall appeared to cause final thinning and opening of
      the rupture site. The cumulus was extruded in two phases. Phase 1 was rapid (10
      60 sec) and resulted in evacuation of about 25% of the cumulus and usually the
      oocyte from the antrum. Phase 2 required 2-10 min for completion and was
      accompanied by collapse of the follicle wall. After collapse, the cumulus
      remained with its follicle and could not be removed by pulling with Watchmaker's
      forceps. These observations provide new information on the role of SMC in hamster
      ovulation and characterize extrusion of the cumulus as a two-phase event.

PMID- 6833976
TI  - Effects of saltwater feeding and reduced food intake on femurs of domestic
      ducklings.
AB  - Seven-day-old domestic ducklings were assigned to groups and fed freshwater and
      food ad libitum (control), 1% NaCl and food ad libitum (stressed), or freshwater
      and only as much food as the stressed group ate (starved). Tissues were sampled
      after 3 and 7 days. Other groups of ducklings were fed freshwater and food ad
      libitum for 9 days (control), 1% NaCl and food ad libitum for 7 days followed by
      freshwater for 2 days (de-stressed), or freshwater and the same amount of food as
      the de-stressed group for 7 days followed by food ad libitum for 2 days (de
      starved). Body weights were recorded and the femurs were analyzed. Univariate,
      multivariate, and allometric analyses clearly demonstrate that stressed and
      starved regimens influence femoral morphology differently. Stressing for 3 days
      reduced femoral ash and by 7 days had retarded femoral linear growth. Three days
      of starvation produced no apparent effect on the femur, but starvation for 7 days
      reduced the amount of femoral ash/femoral length. Furthermore, major differences
      between stressed and starved ducks disappeared after de-stressing for 2 days.
      Studies of bone growth and metabolism may benefit by using this avian model.

PMID- 6833977
TI  - Cellular localization of estradiol in the harderian gland of the female
      armadillo.

PMID- 6833978
TI  - Neural crest ablation and limb morphogenesis.
AB  - Left caudal neural crest was ablated by diathermy in 2-day-old chick embryos, to
      injure the region of sensory sciatic innervation before the appearance of the
      hind-limb bud. Embryos were fixed immediately, 24 hr and 14 days later, for
      examination of the effects of the ablation upon neural crest, neural tube,
      somitic mesoderm, and subsequent limb development. All embryos examined
      immediately and at 24 hr after ablation showed damage to the left neural crest,
      but the injury extended deeper into neural fold or tube, across the midline, and
      into somitic mesoderm. Of 17 chicks which survived to 16 days, 7 had gross
      deformity of the left leg and 10 had morphologically normal legs. Deformed chicks
      had a significant reduction in the mass of dorsal root ganglia on the operated
      side but no reduction in the area of the spinal cord. Operated chicks without
      limb deformities showed reduction of spinal cord but not of dorsal root ganglia.
      This suggests that limb morphogenesis may be quantitatively related to neural
      crest but not to neural tube. This possibility is considered in the light of
      previous publications. However, the experimental limitation of the diathermy
      method leaves the final conclusion open to interesting speculation and to future
      examination by improved experimental design.

PMID- 6833979
TI  - Origin of permanently altered epithelial cells of the vagina in neonatally
      estrogen-treated mice.
AB  - In adult mice, neonatal injections of estrogen induce persistent, estrogen
      independent cornification of the vaginal epithelium. Since the occurrence of
      nodules composed of affected epithelial cells (B cells) is a prodromic phenomenon
      of the irreversible vaginal alterations, the relationship between the occurrence
      of B-cell nodules and the time of DNA synthesis in the vaginal epithelial cells
      was examined by means of the techniques of serial mapping and autoradiography. B
      cell nodules appeared in the epithelium of mullerian vagina 3-5 days after the
      initiation of neonatal estrogen treatment, without spatial continuity to cuboidal
      epithelial cells of the sinus vagina. The time of DNA synthesis was different in
      B cells from that in both columnar mullerian and cuboidal sinus cells, suggesting
      that the mother cells of B cells might be a population of still unidentified,
      undifferentiated cells.

PMID- 6833981
TI  - Epigenesis in developing avian scales. I. Qualitative and quantitative
      characterization of finite cell populations.
AB  - Throughout a period from day 8.5 to day 12.5 of incubation of a chick embryo, a
      finite cell population of scale epidermis was characterized from various view
      points such as cellular organization, position, shape, area, number of
      constituent cells, density, and cell proliferation activity. In this study, the
      preparation of whole mount specimens was found to be quite valuable. On day 8.5,
      cells in the prospective scale region could be morphologically distinguished in
      the tarsometatarsus at a certain distance proximally away from the
      tarsometatarsal-phalangeal joint. --On day 9.25, about 1,100 cells became highly
      columnar in shape and densely associated, forming a placode structure. In both
      distally and proximally adjacent regions of this placode, the cells were
      semiquadrate in shape and loosely associated, leading to the formation of the
      interplacode structures. Such contrasting difference in cell organization between
      placode and interplacode was preserved from day 9.25 to day 11. During this
      period, both the area and number of constituent cells increased greatly in the
      placode and only slightly in the interplacode. However, cell proliferation
      activity was completely suppressed in the placode, and quite active in the
      interplacode. The activity in cell proliferation proved to be inversely
      correlated with the density of basal cells. Throughout the present study, it has
      been demonstrated that the early development of scale epidermis is achieved
      through a coordinated activity of the two discrete cell populations: the placode
      and interplacode.

PMID- 6833980
TI  - Scaling of the brain and the eye cooling system in birds: a morphometric analysis
      of the rete ophthalmicum.
AB  - A morphometric analysis has been made of the rete ophthalmicum which is a
      functional arteriovenous heat exchange system in the heads of birds. The
      morphological data were obtained from histological sections of the rete from 40
      species of birds covering a weight range of 20,000-fold. The maximal number of
      retial arteries, the length, the diameter of the arteries, the total arterial
      cross-sectional area, and the maximal exchange area have been expressed in terms
      of allometric equations. Other parameters important for the countercurrent heat
      exchange effect have been estimated or calculated. By use of simple physical laws
      for ideal heat exchangers, it is shown that the temperature decrease of the
      arterial blood passing the rete is rather constant over a wide range in body
      weight, but larger than previously reported body-to-brain temperature
      differences. The results are consistent with the heat exchange function of the
      rete and provide support for the idea that the rete, besides serving as a cooling
      system for the brain, also may be important in reducing heat loss from the eye.

PMID- 6833982
TI  - Epigenesis in developing avian scales. II. Cell proliferation in relation to
      morphogenesis and differentiation in the epidermis.
AB  - Throughout the early development of chicken scale epidermis, consisting of
      discrete placode and interplacode cell populations, morphogenesis and
      differentiation were examined from the standpoints of cell proliferation. From
      day 9.25 to day 11, active cell proliferation was observed only in the
      interplacode region, whereas the number of constituent cells increased
      considerably within the placode. After 26 hr of continuous labeling with
      [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) in ovo, three regions could be recognized: (1) unlabeled
      placode on the distal edge, (2) labeled placode in both lateral and proximal
      sites to the unlabeled placode, and (3) extensively labeled interplacode on the
      most proximal site of the scale. Examination of the distribution pattern of
      labeled cells has demonstrated that a fraction of the cells in the interplacode
      transits and annexes only to the proximal side of the placode. Cells transit
      after mitosis, accompanied with changes in morphology and proliferation activity.
      During the period of cell transition, orientation of mitosis paralleled
      completely along the proximodistal axis of the scale. Cell marking with carbon
      particles was carried in organ cultures from day 10, and the changes in the
      position of marked cells were observed. The results confirm those obtained after
      continuous labeling with 3H-TdR. Various combinations of pulse-chase experiments
      with 3H-TdR clearly demonstrated the establishment of a cell lineage in which
      cells were aligned along the axis of the scale according to order of their birth.
      Along with a sudden resumption of active proliferation after day 11, a new class
      of cells (suprabasal cells) differentiated upward from the basal cells on the top
      region of the hump scale. At the first stage of development of suprabasal cells
      from day 11 to day 11.75, the direction of mitoses became preferentially
      polarized in the direction of axis vertical to the basal lamina. The important
      coordination of cell proliferation in relation to morphogenesis and cell
      differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 6833984
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): of concern to us all.

PMID- 6833983
TI  - Modulation of melanosome ultrastructure in cultured embryonic pigment cells.
AB  - Melanosomes synthesized by embryonic chick retinal pigment cells in vitro are of
      a different size and shape than those made in ovo and in vivo. Ultrastructurally,
      the melanosomes made by cultured cells are small, spherical, contain an irregular
      internal matrix, and appear similar to the pheomelanosomes found in red hair and
      feathers. This modulation in melanosome ultrastructure in cultured retinal
      pigment cells does not appear to be caused by an irreversible change in
      differentiated capability but to a response of cells to the culture environment.
      Cells grown in embryo extract-free and serum-free defined media were found to
      synthesize melanosomes of normal size and shape in vitro, although at a much
      reduced number. The predominant melanosome type found was still the smaller,
      spherical variety. It appears that some still unknown factors in the culture
      environment have produced a shift to a different type of melanogenesis.

PMID- 6833985
TI  - Alligator bites and related infections.

PMID- 6833986
TI  - North American blastomycosis in Florida. Report of three cases.

PMID- 6833987
TI  - Outreach ophthalmology.

PMID- 6833988
TI  - The probability of exclusion or likelihood of guilt of an accused: paternity.

PMID- 6833989
TI  - The probability of non-discrimination or likelihood of guilt of an accused:
      criminal identification.

PMID- 6833990
TI  - What is the probability that this blood came from that person? A meaningful
      question?

PMID- 6833991
TI  - The screening of blood samples for haemoglobin variation in conjunction with
      glyoxalase typing.

PMID- 6833992
TI  - Forensic identification of human urine by radioimmunoassay for Tamm-Horsfall
      urinary glycoprotein.

PMID- 6833993
TI  - An experimental study of hypnosis, guided memory and witness memory.

PMID- 6833994
TI  - The concentration dependence of active K+ transport in the turkey erythrocyte.
      Hill analysis and evidence for positive cooperativity between ion binding sites.
AB  - A mathematical model is presented which describes the theoretical relationship
      between ligand concentration and physiological response for systems in which the
      response is dependent upon simultaneous occupancy of two receptor ligand-binding
      sites. The treatment considers both the possibility of intrinsic differences
      between the binding sites with regard to ligand affinity, as well as the
      possibility of mutually induced changes in affinity resulting from allosteric
      interactions. Unlike the Monod-Wyman-Changeux formulation for allosteric enzymes,
      the general model put forward here makes double occupancy an absolute requirement
      for enzymatic function. It is shown that such a model leads to the prediction of
      a curvilinear Hill plot from which one can obtain an explicit estimate of the
      degree of allosteric interaction between the two ligand binding sites as well as
      the Gibbs standard free energy change for the overall binding reaction. It is
      then shown that, in the specific instance of Na, K-ATPase-mediated K+ transport
      by the turkey erythrocyte, the configuration of the Hill curve describing the
      rate of ouabain-sensitive K+ transport as a function of external K+ concentration
      conforms closely to that predicted by the model described above. The results are
      of particular interest because they indicate a strongly cooperative interaction
      between the two K+ binding sites on the transport protein such that occupancy of
      one site results in an enhancement of the affinity of the other site for K+ by a
      minimum of 15- to 20-fold. Finally, we consider in detail a model of the Monod
      Wyman-Changeux type in which, by contrast, both singly and doubly occupied forms
      of the enzyme are assumed to be catalytically active, and which we analogously
      extend to allow for the possibility of asymmetry between the two ligand binding
      sites. Although it is shown that the two models can not be differentiated from
      each other in the present experimental system, they yield virtually identical
      estimates for the degree of positive cooperativity between the two K+ binding
      sites.

PMID- 6833995
TI  - Chloride net efflux from intact erythrocytes under slippage conditions. Evidence
      for a positive charge on the anion binding/transport site.
AB  - Tracer chloride and potassium net efflux from valinomycin-treated human
      erythrocytes were measured into media of different chloride concentrations, Clo,
      at 25 degrees C and pH 7.8. Net efflux was maximal [45-50 mmol (kg cell solids)-1
      min-1] at Clo = 0. It decreased hyperbolically with increasing Clo to 14-16 mmol
      (kg cell solids)-1 min-1. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at Clo = 3 mM. In the
      presence of the anion exchange inhibitor DNDS, net efflux was reduced to 5 mmol
      (kg cell solids)-1 min-1, independent of Clo. Of the three phenomenological
      components of net efflux, the Clo-inhibitable (DNDS-inhibitable) component was
      tentatively attributed to "slippage," that is, net transport mediated by the
      occasional return of the empty transporter. The Clo-independent (DNDS
      inhibitable) component was tentatively attributed to movement of chloride through
      the anion transporter without the usual conformational change of the transport
      site on the protein ("tunneling"). These concepts of slippage and tunneling are
      shown to be compatible with a model that describes the anion transporter as a
      specialized single-site, two-barrier channel that can undergo conformational
      changes between two states. Net chloride efflux when the slippage component
      dominated (Clo = 0.7 mM) was accelerated by a more negative (inside) membrane
      potential. It appears that the single anion binding-and-transport site on each
      transporter has one net positive charge and that is neutralized when a chloride
      ion is bound.

PMID- 6833996
TI  - Intracellular pH regulation in the renal proximal tubule of the salamander. Na-H
      exchange.
AB  - Using pH-sensitive microelectrodes to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in isolated,
      perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum, we have
      found that when cells are acid-loaded by pretreatment with NH+4 in a nominally
      HCO3--free Ringer, pHi spontaneously recovers with an exponential time course.
      This pHi recovery, which is indicative of active (i.e., uphill) transport, is
      blocked by removal of Na+ from both the luminal and basolateral (i.e., bath)
      solutions. Re-addition of Na+ to either the lumen or the bath results in a full
      pHi recovery, but at a lower-than-normal rate; the maximal rate is achieved only
      with Na+ in both solutions. The diuretic amiloride reversibly inhibits the pHi
      recovery when present on either the luminal or basolateral sides, and has its
      maximal effect when present in both solutions. The pHi recovery is insensitive to
      stilbene derivatives and to Cl- removal. A transient rise of intracellular Na+
      activity accompanies the pHi recovery; there is no change of intracellular Cl-
      activity. These data suggest that these proximal tubule cells have Na-H
      exchangers in both the luminal and basolateral membranes.

PMID- 6833997
TI  - Intracellular pH regulation in the renal proximal tubule of the salamander.
      Basolateral HCO3- transport.
AB  - We have used pH-, Na-, and Cl-sensitive microelectrodes to study basolateral HCO3
      transport in isolated, perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander
      Ambystoma tigrinum. In one series of experiments, we lowered basolateral pH (pHb)
      from 7.5 to 6.8 by reducing [HCO3-]b from 10 to 2 mM at a constant pCO2. This
      reduction of pHb and [HCO3-]b causes a large (approximately 0.35), rapid fall in
      pHi as well as a transient depolarization of the basolateral membrane. Returning
      pHb and [HCO3-]b to normal has the opposite effects. Similar reductions of
      luminal pH (pHl) and [HCO3-]l have only minor effects. The reduction of [HCO3-]b
      and pHb also produces a reversible fall in aiNa. In a second series of
      experiments, we reduced [Na+]b at constant [HCO3-]b and pHb, and also observed a
      rapid fall in pHi and a transient basolateral depolarization. These changes are
      reversed by returning [Na+]b to normal. The effects of altering [Na+]l in the
      presence of HCO3-, or of altering [Na+]b in the nominal absence of HCO3-, are
      substantially less. Although the effects on pHi and basolateral membrane
      potential of altering either [HCO3-]b or [Na+]b are largely blocked by 4
      acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS), they are not affected
      by removal of Cl-, nor are there accompanying changes in aiCl consistent with a
      tight linkage between Cl- fluxes and those of Na+ and HCO3-. The aforementioned
      changes are apparently mediated by a single transport system, not involving Cl-.
      We conclude that HCO3- transport is restricted to the basolateral membrane, and
      that HCO3- fluxes are linked to those of Na+. The data are compatible with an
      electrogenic Na/HCO3 transporter that carries Na+, HCO3-, and net negative charge
      in the same direction.

PMID- 6833999
TI  - The effects of nalidixic acid on respiratory activity of asynchronous and
      synchronous cultures of Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - Nalidixic acid inhibited DNA synthesis and cell division during asynchronous
      growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus but treated cells continued to grow as monitored
      by A550, respiratory activity and cell volume. Differential effects on cell
      division were seen when the antibiotic was added at different times during
      synchronous growth. The earlier in the cell cycle the time of addition the
      greater the inhibition of cell division. These results suggests that chromosome
      replication is confined to the first half of the cell cycle in A. eutrophus grown
      at 30 degrees C. Respiration rates of cells selected by continuous-flow
      centrifugation and immediately treated with nalidixic acid increased in a
      stepwise fashion. These steps were similar to those observed in untreated control
      cells and imply that the DNA-division cycle is not the causal factor for the
      periodicities in respiration rates and ATPase activity that have been previously
      reported in this bacterium.

PMID- 6834000
TI  - The effects of cyanide on the growth and respiration of Enterobacter aerogenes in
      continuous culture.
AB  - The effect of cyanide on the physiology of lactate- and oxygen-limited
      Enterobacter aerogenes NCTC 10336 was studied in chemostat culture (D = 0.1 h-1).
      In the absence of cyanide, the molar growth yield from oxygen (YO2) under oxygen
      limitation was 60% of the carbon-limited value. A similar decrease in yield was
      observed in a lactate-limited culture (excess oxygen) which was continuously fed
      low concentrations of potassium cyanide. The cultures with the lower growth
      yields possessed respiratory systems less sensitive to inhibition by cyanide.
      This was particularly marked in cultures grown in the presence of cyanide.
      Increased cyanide resistance was associated with an increase in the concentration
      of a cytochrome oxidase tentatively identified as a d-type and the appearance of
      additional cytochromes tentatively identified as b-type.

PMID- 6833998
TI  - Relationship of net chloride flow across the human erythrocyte membrane to the
      anion exchange mechanism.
AB  - The parallel effects of the anion transport inhibitor DIDS (4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) on net chloride flow and on chloride
      exchange suggest that a major portion of net chloride flow takes place through
      the anion exchange system. The "slippage" model postulates that the rate of net
      anion flow is determined by the movement of the unloaded anion transport site
      across the membrane. Both the halide selectivity of net anion flow and the
      dependence of net chloride flux on chloride concentration over the range of 75 to
      300 mM are inconsistent with the slippage model. Models in which the divalent
      form of the anion exchange carrier or water pores mediate net anion flow are also
      inconsistent with the data. The observations that net chloride flux increases
      with chloride concentration and that the DIDS-sensitive component tends to
      saturate suggest a model in which net anion flow involves "transit" of anions
      through the diffusion barriers in series with the transport site, without any
      change in transport site conformation such as normally occurs during the anion
      exchange process. This model is successful in predicting that the anion exchange
      inhibitor NAP-taurine, which binds to the modifier site and inhibits the
      conformational change, has less effect on net chloride flow than on chloride
      exchange.

PMID- 6834001
TI  - Cellular DNA surrounding integration sites of an avian retrovirus.
AB  - The size of the direct repeats of cellular DNA next to a spleen necrosis virus
      (SNV) provirus from infected rat cells and the nature of the cellular DNA
      surrounding SNV integration sites in chicken DNA were studied. A five-base pair
      repeat, ATTTT, was observed at the SNV-rat cell junctions. Five of ten SNV
      proviruses from chicken cells were flanked by unique DNA and five others were
      flanked by repetitive DNA. No large rearrangements of cellular DNA at SNV
      integration sites were observed. A clone of uninfected chicken DNA containing the
      presumptive unoccupied integration site for one SNV provirus was obtained and
      part of it was sequenced. A small substitution, approximately 60 nucleotides, was
      observed at the site of virus DNA insertion. Its significance is not known.

PMID- 6834002
TI  - Studies on a temperature-sensitive mutant of fowl plague virus having a mutation
      in gene 7 coding for the M protein.
AB  - A fowl plague virus (FPV) temperature-sensitive mutant, ts 303/1 having a ts
      mutation in gene 7 coding for the matrix (M) protein has been obtained. The
      mutant induced synthesis of virus-specific RNA and polypeptides as well as
      ribonuclear protein (RNP) formation in cells under non-permissive conditions;
      however, haemagglutinin cleavage was reduced, functionally active haemagglutinin
      and neuraminidase were absent and virions were not formed. In mutant-infected
      cells at 36 degrees C haemagglutinin cleavage was also reduced and virions formed
      had an altered NP:M ratio as well as a decreased haemagglutinin content. A
      population of virions formed under these conditions was heterogeneous both in
      morphology and in buoyant density. The data obtained suggest that a mutation in
      the M proteins of orthomyxoviruses can affect processing of the haemagglutinin
      and impair final stages of virion morphogenesis.

PMID- 6834004
TI  - Genomic analysis of antigenically related avian paramyxoviruses.
AB  - Six avian paramyxoviruses isolated from wild and domestic ducks in the United
      States, Hong Kong and Japan were characterized antigenically and genetically. All
      viruses examined were shown to be antigenically closely related. Oligonucleotide
      patterns of duck/Miss/334 and duck/Miss/406 were apparently distinguishable from
      those of duck/Miss/116 and duck/Miss/320 isolated in the same area of the United
      States. On the other hand, two viruses isolated from a domestic duck in Hong Kong
      (duck/Hong Kong/D3/75) and from a domestic duck in Japan (duck/Tokyo/41/78) were
      genetically very similar to that of duck/Miss/116, suggesting that these three
      viruses represent a genetically homogeneous group and may be of the same origin.

PMID- 6834003
TI  - Protective role of foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody in vitro and in vivo in
      guinea-pigs.

PMID- 6834005
TI  - Replication of influenza A and B viruses in human diploid cells.
AB  - Under optimal conditions, of high multiplicities of infection and with trypsin
      included in the medium throughout the incubation period, high yields of
      infectious influenza A and B viruses (10(6 . 5) p.f.u./ml) and of antigenically
      active haemagglutinin (HA)(1 microgram/HA/10(6) cells) were produced in human
      diploid MRC-5 cells. Budding virus particles were seen as spherical or short rod
      like protrusions on the surface of the infected cells, and also on cell
      filopodia. Virus-induced cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions were present in
      infected cells. This virus-human cell system may be suitable for studies of
      influenza virus persistence and for production of immunologically active HA
      antigen.

PMID- 6834006
TI  - ADP-ribosylation in in vitro systems synthesizing adenovirus DNA.
AB  - Two systems utilizing extracts derived from nuclei of adenovirus-infected cells
      which synthesize adenovirus DNA in vitro were analysed for indications of ADP
      ribosylation of virus proteins. On incubation with [32P]NAD or [14C]NAD,
      modification of the adenovirus T antigen could be demonstrated in one of these
      systems. ADP-ribosylation of adenovirus core proteins V and VII could also be
      demonstrated with both nuclear extracts. However, using 3-aminobenzamide, a
      specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, there was no evidence either
      in vivo or in vitro that ADP-ribosylation played a critical role in the
      replication process.

PMID- 6834007
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides. III. The envelope-associated proteins.
AB  - Four proteins, GP1, VGP48, GP26 and VPM27, are associated with the envelope of
      respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. The status of GP1 has been uncertain, because a
      cellular glycoprotein migrates at the same position when Laemmli's discontinuous
      buffer system is used for PAGE, and because BSC-1 cells infected with the RSN-2
      strain of RS virus appear not to contain GP1. However, additional evidence
      suggests that GP1 is a viral structural protein. (i) It is removed from cells by
      trypsin, while the cellular glycoprotein is not; (ii) it is separated from the
      cellular glycoprotein when the infected cells are analysed by neutral SDS-PAGE;
      (iii) it is present in the purified RSN-2 strain of RS virus produced by BSC-1
      cells; (iv) it is also present in the purified Long strain of RS virus produced
      by either human or monkey cells. When purified Long strain virus is analysed by
      PAGE under non-reducing conditions, the glycoproteins VGP48 and GP26 migrate
      together, and VPM27 separates into two proteins, which one-dimensional peptide
      mapping suggests are not different proteins. These observations suggest that
      VGP48 and GP26 exist in the virion as a single molecule joined by disulphide
      bonds, and so resemble a paramyxovirus fusion protein, and that probably there
      are two forms of VPM27 which differ in either position or number of disulphide
      bonds.

PMID- 6834008
TI  - Antigenic sites on the CVS rabies virus glycoprotein: analysis with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Antigenic variation in the glycoprotein of rabies (CVS-11) virus was studied.
      Neutralization-resistant variant viruses were isolated in vitro at high frequency
      (10(-4) to 10(-5)) in the presence of anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody.
      Analysis of these variants identified at least three functionally independent
      antigenic sites, based on the grouping of variants that were no longer
      neutralized by one or more of a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies. Competition
      radioimmunoassay suggested that one of these three antigenic sites was
      topologically distinct, with the other two in close proximity. In addition, it
      was shown that most (but not all) neutralization-resistant variants failed to
      bind the relevant monoclonal antibody. Viruses with altered antigenicity were
      shown to accumulate in virus stocks following several passages in vitro in the
      absence of antibody. In addition, variants were isolated in vivo following
      treatment of mice with monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 6834009
TI  - Affinity chromatography of human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta 1) by monoclonal
      antibody columns.
AB  - Eight hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to human fibroblast
      interferon (IFN-beta 1) were identified by a new screening procedure based on
      immune precipitation with a second antibody and recovery of interferon activity
      from the immune precipitate. Immunoadsorbents were prepared from these monoclonal
      antibodies and used for purification of IFN-beta 1. Electrophoretically pure IFN
      beta 1, having a specific activity of 3 X 10(8) to 6 X 10(8) units/mg was
      obtained by a single passage of partially purified IFN-beta 1 on these
      immunoadsorbents.

PMID- 6834010
TI  - Biochemical characterization of RNA coliphage MX1.
AB  - In order to clarify the taxonomic status of an RNA coliphage, MX1 (a serological
      intermediate between groups III and IV), we examined (i) read-through protein
      synthesis in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system, (ii) the peptide map of the
      coat protein and (iii) the RNA sequence in the 3'-terminal region of MX1 RNA. We
      found that the characteristics of MX1 were closer to those of group III phages
      than to those of group IV. For example, the gel elecrophoretic pattern of the
      protein coded for by MX1 RNA was the same as that of group III phage proteins.
      Peptide fingerprints of the coat protein of MX1 showed that seven tryptic
      peptides overlapped with corresponding peptides of Q beta (group III phage),
      whereas only two peptides overlapped with those of SP (group IV phage).
      Furthermore, in the base sequence of the first 200 nucleotides from the 3'-end of
      MX1 RNA, about 70% of the nucleotides were homologous to those of the Q beta RNA,
      whereas the homology to SP RNA was only 53%. These results suggest that MX1 is
      more closely related to group III phages than to group IV phages and we propose
      that it should be assigned to the former group.

PMID- 6834012
TI  - Clinical and serological response in humans following immunization with Gripax
      influenza vaccine.

PMID- 6834011
TI  - Antigenic cross-reactions between woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B
      virus shown by immune electron microscopy.
AB  - Using immune electron microscopy (IEM), low-level cross-reactions could be
      demonstrated between the surface antigens of hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis.
      However, immune complex formation was greatly enhanced by pre-exposure of the
      antigens to 0.5% deoxycholate. Cross-reaction between the core antigens and e
      antigens of both viruses was also confirmed by IEM as well as radioimmunoassay.
      It appears that the woodchuck sera used in this study may well contain an anti
      immunoglobulin akin to rheumatoid factor.

PMID- 6834014
TI  - Short-term recall of visually presented additive and nonadditive digital material
      by deaf and hearing subjects.
AB  - An attempt was made to examine the encoding of visually presented additive and
      nonadditive digital material and its processing by deaf and hearing Ss. A 2 X 3 X
      4 within-Ss design consisting of groups (45 deaf and 45 hearing Ss), numeral sets
      (additive, lower additive, and additive random), and recall intervals (0, 3, 9,
      and 12 seconds) was used. Results showed better recall of the additive set in
      which the third digit was the sum of the first two (e.g., 5-3-8) than other sets.
      Although the hearing Ss recalled better than the deaf Ss at short delay,
      performance of both groups deteriorated with increase in retention intervals.
      Implications of this study are related to the problem of automatic processing in
      short-term recall and how it is sensitive to the structure of the sequence of a
      numeral set.

PMID- 6834013
TI  - Interference following dual inoculation with influenza A (H3N2) and (H1N1)
      viruses in ferrets and volunteers.
AB  - The effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza A viruses
      was studied in ferrets and volunteers. Groups of ferrets were inoculated with an
      influenza A (H3N2) or (H1N1), virus or a combination of both viruses: the
      temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal
      wash protein concentration was determined. The results showed that both viruses
      were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did
      not cause clinical reactions. Serological studies on paired serum samples
      obtained from ferrets showed that both viruses when given separately infected all
      the inoculated animals; however, dual infection resulted in all ferrets being
      infected with the influenza A (H3N2) virus strain, but this infection interfered
      with infection by the influenza A (H1N1) strain. Similar investigations were
      carried out in volunteers. Again, the clinical reactions and temperature response
      of volunteers to infection by one or other of the viruses showed both strains to
      be attenuated for man even when given together. In addition, no adverse clinical
      reactions were seen in volunteers inoculated with both viruses simultaneously.
      Serum antibody studies showed that infection by influenza A (H1N1) virus
      interfered with infection by the influenza A (H2N2) virus strain. These results
      show evidence of interference by influenza A viruses; however, the direction of
      interference was one-way, and differed for ferrets and for volunteers.

PMID- 6834015
TI  - Report-order inversions: feature mislocalizations or difficulties in left-right
      location judgments?

PMID- 6834016
TI  - Subjective correlation and the regular-random numerosity illusion.
AB  - It has been shown previously that a regular pattern of dots appears more numerous
      than a random pattern with the same physical number. Birnbaum and Veit's theory
      of contrast with expectancy has been suggested as a possible interpretation of
      this illusion. In order to test this theory, three groups (N = 102) were given
      prior exposure to stimuli with either a positive, negative, or zero correlation
      between regularity and number. The predicted interaction between correlation and
      item arrangement was not found. The main effect of regularity was equally strong
      in all three groups.

PMID- 6834017
TI  - The interrelationships of ego strength, self-esteem, death anxiety, and gender in
      undergraduate college students.
AB  - The interrelationships of ego strength (Barron Ego Strength Scale), death anxiety
      (Death Anxiety Scale), and self-esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory) were
      studied in undergraduate university males (n = 20) and females (n = 59).
      Significant negative relationships between death anxiety and self-esteem and ego
      strength, and a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and ego
      strength were shown by both males and females. Moreover, males showed
      significantly higher self-esteem and ego strength scores, and significantly lower
      death anxiety scores than did females.

PMID- 6834018
TI  - Effects of rehearsal activity and level of word processing on learning disabled
      and normal readers' free recall.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship of stimulus encoding and rehearsal
      activity in accounting for learning disabled readers' deficient recall
      performance. Learning disabled and nondisabled readers from ages 8 and 10.6 were
      compared on free recall of semantically and phonemically related words under two
      types of rehearsal conditions, one-item and multiitem repetitions. Consistent
      with previous work, developmental differences occurred in word recall with
      semantically related word lists being recalled more often than phonemically
      related ones. Regardless of age and rehearsal activity, learning disabled readers
      were inferior in recall to nondisabled readers. For both reading groups, the
      influence of the type of processing and rehearsal activity were not independent.
      That is, an interaction occurred between level of processing and rehearsal
      activity. The results were construed as evidence for deficient elaborative
      rehearsal and semantic encoding in learning disabled readers.

PMID- 6834019
TI  - Coordination of perspectives: the importance of stimulus dimensionality.
AB  - An evaluation of the importance of the dimensionality of the spatial stimuli in a
      coordination of perspectives task is presented. It was hypothesized that using
      three-dimensional comparison stimuli and two-dimensional choice stimuli might
      result in the tapping of different cognitive skills than when both sets of
      stimuli are two-dimensional. Children (N = 96) aged between 5 and 12 years as
      well as college students (n = 24) were tested with either two-dimensional or
      three-dimensional comparison stimuli and two-dimensional choice stimuli. The
      lowest error rates for all except the kindergarten groups were found in the two
      dimensional condition. It was concluded that the three-dimensional condition may
      have created a cognitive overload that lessened the likelihood of making correct
      perspective-taking judgments.

PMID- 6834020
TI  - A comparison of attentional and sensory effects in brightness contrast.
AB  - Twenty Ss estimated the brightness of two sets of gray-white metric patterns. Set
      I patterns had figure-ground response characteristics which varied with relative
      area, whereas Set II patterns remained constant though relative area changed.
      Maximum brightness contrast occurred when the gray and the white areas were equal
      with contrast decreased as one of the component areas came to dominate. In
      contradiction to previous attentional models of brightness contrast, this effect
      was found for both sets of patterns; however, Set I patterns decreased at a
      slower rate. The average log magnitude estimates for Set I, attentional patterns,
      were significantly greater than those for Set II, sensory patterns, only at the
      most extreme relative areas. It was suggested that relative area, or sensory
      effects, caused the decrease and that attention influenced the rate of decrease.

PMID- 6834021
TI  - Structural analysis of diagnostic disagreements.
AB  - When different psychiatrists examine a patient, disagreements often occur. Data
      that can be used to clarify the factors responsible for disagreements are
      collected routinely but not systematically analyzed. This paper discusses two
      quantitative methods, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, for
      describing structural properties of disagreement data and for determining from
      them steps that can be taken to upgrade inter-rater reliability.

PMID- 6834022
TI  - A comparison of the MMPI-168 profiles of borderline and nonborderline
      outpatients.

PMID- 6834023
TI  - Apparent hallucinations in monkeys during around-the-clock amphetamine for seven
      to fourteen days. Possible relevance to amphetamine psychosis.
AB  - Schizophrenia-like symptoms have been experimentally produced in humans by a
      single, large dose of amphetamine or by relatively low level, but continuous
      administration of the drug. In animal studies of the psychotomimetic properties
      of amphetamine, high doses and, in particular, repeated daily-injection drug
      schedules have often been used. However, amphetamine psychosis is not always a
      prominent effect of repeated intake drug schedules in humans and available
      clinical evidence suggests that psychosis develops more readily when the drug is
      taken in a continuous fashion over longer periods. The state produced by single
      large doses of amphetamine, although clearly abnormal, has been said to bear less
      resemblance to schizophrenia than the delayed paranoid symptoms developing after
      longer periods of continuous intake. In the present experiments we have studied
      the behavioral effects of 7 to 14 days of continuous administration of
      amphetamine to monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) using subcutaneously implanted
      silicone capsules releasing approximately .7 to 1.5 mg/kg/day of d-amphetamine
      base. Around-the-clock TV monitoring of the animals revealed a general biphasic
      sequence of drug effects, although considerable individual variation occurred: a)
      an "acute" phase dominated by stereotyped movements and/or prolonged staring,
      lasting for 2 to 5 days; b) a "late" phase peaking during days 5 to 10 after
      capsule implantation and characterized by highly individual, but striking
      sequences of: (1) Attack or sudden threat reactions directed at invisible
      objects; (2) rapid orienting and flight behavior without apparent cause; (3)
      sudden startle reactions; (4) prolonged vocalization; (5) visual tracking of
      invisible objects, sometimes involving coordinated patterns of "eating behavior"
      and (6) prolonged and rapid grooming directed at various parts of the body. These
      behaviors might be termed "hallucinatory" since no eliciting stimuli could be
      determined for their occurrence. Motor disturbances, including whole-body shakes,
      were often present at the same time. The animals were generally sleepless
      throughout the drug treatment period. Reimplantation of amphetamine capsules 2 to
      8 months after the first capsule treatment produced the same effects in an
      individual-specific manner, but the "late phase" behaviors generally appeared
      sooner. The delayed occurrence of apparent hallucinatory behaviors and other
      abnormal "late" phase behaviors in the present experiment may be a close parallel
      to the delayed development of psychosis in humans induced by a similar drug
      regimen. Furthermore, the hallucinogenic nature of the late amphetamine state is
      consonant with other reports in the literature that hallucinogen-characteristic
      behaviors are present at this time.

PMID- 6834024
TI  - School behavior in adolescent children of parents with mental disorder.
AB  - This study examined teachers' evaluations of adolescent children of parents who
      had been hospitalized for mental disorder. Classroom behavior of these children
      as well as that of children of parents with physical illness was compared to that
      of adolescents whose parents had not been hospitalized for mental disorder. Both
      DSM-III and DSM-II categorizations were used. Two teacher-rated instruments were
      used. Adolescents with a parent with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia and major
      affective disorder, as compared to children of nonill parents, were rated as less
      motivated, less harmonious, less stable, more dogmatic, and more verbally
      negative. Differences among children of parents with other diagnoses were
      generally less striking. Results using DSM-II diagnoses were similar to but
      weaker than those using DSM-III.

PMID- 6834025
TI  - Left-side preference for holding and carrying newborn infants. Parental holding
      and carrying during the first week of life.
AB  - Four groups of adults were studied: new mothers, new fathers, fathers with older
      children, and males without children of their own. Nearly 80 per cent of all
      newly delivered mothers and fathers held their newborn infant against a point to
      the left of the body midline. Handedness and parity did not influence this
      preference, nor did the sex of the infant. The present study also demonstrates
      that new fathers during the neonatal period, as well as fathers with older
      infants, display a significantly greater preference for holding the infant to the
      left than males without own children and with or without experience of other
      children. Individual mother-father pairs held the infant on the same side of the
      body in the majority of couples studied. The pattern of infant-carrying showed no
      significant in-between group differences. The possible significance of these
      observations and their relation to other parental behavior are discussed.

PMID- 6834026
TI  - Tricyclics--the most common agent used in potentially lethal overdoses.
AB  - Fifty-three cases of drug overdose requiring admission to a medical intensive
      care unit were studied. Tricyclic antidepressants were used in nearly 50 per cent
      of these serious adult overdoses. Barbiturates were involved in only 20 per cent.
      This may reflect changing patterns of drug usage and emphasizes the potential
      danger of tricyclics, the use of which is widespread in the general medical
      community. Unintentional overdoses occurred most often in substance abusers,
      whereas intentional overdoses occurred in a wider range of psychiatric disorders.
      A quarter of drug overdoses were free of psychiatric disease. Patients found to
      have an obvious manipulative intent were as likely to have made medically serious
      attempts as those who did not.

PMID- 6834027
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive behavior associated with dexamethasone treatment.
AB  - A patient treated with dexamethasone for cerebral edema secondary to a cerebral
      tumor developed acute obsessive-compulsive behavior. Discontinuation of
      dexamethasone was accompanied by a rapid subsidence of this behavior, suggesting
      a causal association. This appears to be the first such report.

PMID- 6834028
TI  - Mutism: loss of neocortical and limbic vocalization.
AB  - A patient with complete mutism of 5 years duration was studied to determine the
      cause of the defective phonation. The patient had neurological findings
      indicative of pseudobulbar palsy, but he had lost emotional vocalization and
      emotional facial expression, as well as propositional speech. Phylogenetic,
      ontogenetic, and anatomic evidence indicates that propositional speech and
      volitional facial movements are mediated by corticobulbar tracts descending from
      neocortical areas, whereas emotional vocalization and emotional facial expression
      are dependent on intact limbic system connections. The findings suggest that the
      patient's impaired faciovocal expression was the result of lesions involving both
      limbic system and descending neocortical connections.

PMID- 6834030
TI  - Coordination modes of histidine. 4. Coordination structures in the copper(II)-L
      histidine (1:2) system.
AB  - The coordination structures of various species in the copper(II)-L-histidine
      (1:2) system in aqueous solution have been deduced by investigating the pH
      dependence of the electronic and circular dichroism spectra. The contribution to
      the spectra of the glycine-like and histamine-like binding modes of L-histidine
      has been determined by recording the spectra of the ternary system copper(II)
      histamine-L-histidine (1:1:1) and copper(II)-amino acid-L-histidine (1:1:1),
      respectively, in neutral aqueous solutions. Apical binding to copper(II) by the
      donor atom on the histidine side chain can contribute significantly to the
      stabilization of each of the two basic histidine binding modes. It has been
      concluded that Cu(HL)2+ (L-histidine = HL), the major species below pH
      approximately 3, contains a glycine-like bound histidine ligand with an unbound
      imidazolium cation. The species Cu(HL)L+, which is prominent in the pH region
      near 4.5, contains a glycine-like bound histidine molecule, with protonated
      imidazole ring, and a histamine-like bound histidine molecule. CuL2, the major
      species at neutral pH, exists in solution as an equilibrium mixture of a mixed
      type chelation structure, with a glycine-like and a histamine-like bound
      histidine ligand, and a structure containing both histidine ligands bound
      histamine-like. The species containing deprotonated imidazole nuclei, such as
      Cu(H-1L2)-, which predominates above pH approximately 11, show an increased
      contribution by structures containing glycine-like bound histidine compared with
      CuL2.

PMID- 6834029
TI  - Enzyme-bound copper of dopamine beta-monooxygenase. Activation of the holoenzyme
      by added copper and uncoupling of electron transfer from hydroxylation by copper
      salicylate.
AB  - preparations of dopamine beta-monooxygenase containing a full complement of
      copper (4.2 copper atoms per tetramer) show increased ascorbate-supported
      catalytic activities after addition of an excess of copper ions. The significance
      of this observation on the question of the number of copper atoms per active site
      is discussed. Low molecular weight copper complexes such as copper salicylate
      cause uncoupling of electron transport from hydroxylation. This uncoupling is
      probably the reason for the well-known inhibition of this enzyme observed at high
      copper concentration. The onset of inhibition by the copper chelator
      bathocuproine disulfonate occurs on a faster time scale than the removal of
      enzyme-bound copper. Nevertheless, the copper removal is sufficiently rapid to
      require that it be considered in interpretation of inhibition experiments with
      chelators.

PMID- 6834031
TI  - Peroxidase-like activities of iron(III)-porphyrins: kinetics of the reduction of
      a peroxidatically active derivative of deuteroferriheme by anilines.

PMID- 6834033
TI  - Glucose availability to individual cerebral structures is correlated to glucose
      metabolism.
AB  - Regional cerebral glucose influx was measured using quantitative autoradiography
      after the intravenous infusion of [2-14C]glucose for a period of 10 or 20 s.
      Glucose influx varied considerably among structures over an almost threefold
      range. When compared with rates of regional glucose utilization, a significant
      correlation by region was found between glucose influx and utilization,
      demonstrating that the glucose supply to individual cerebral structures is
      closely matched to their metabolic needs.

PMID- 6834032
TI  - Differential changes in superoxide dismutase activity in brain and liver of old
      rats and mice.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in the brain and liver of 24-26-
      and 3-month-old rats. No significant age-related differences in Cu/Zn-SOD
      activity were found in any of the tissues studied. A small but significant
      increase in total SOD activity was observed in the whole brain (10-20%), cerebral
      cortex (11%), and hypothalamus (18%) of old rats, whereas a much more important
      increase in Mn-SOD activity was found in the whole brain (48%), cerebral cortex
      (70%), striatum (60%), and hypothalamus (30%). The increase of Mn-SOD activity in
      the brain of old rats suggests the enzyme may play an important role in the
      process of aging. Mn-SOD is found only in the mitochondrion, which could be an
      important site of oxygen free radical production, and a significant increase in
      the enzyme activity was also found in the lung of hypoxic rats. A significant
      decrease in total SOD and Mn-SOD activity was observed in the liver of old rats.
      Preliminary experiments in 23-24-month-old mice similarly showed an increase and
      a decrease in total SOD and Mn-SOD activity, respectively, in the whole brain and
      liver. These results suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of Mn-SOD in the
      brain and liver vary differentially with age.

PMID- 6834035
TI  - Evoked release of proteins from central neurons in vivo.
AB  - Push-pull cannulae were implanted in both substantiae nigrae and caudate nuclei
      of the halothane-anesthetized cat. The release of total protein,
      acetylcholinesterase, and nonspecific cholinesterases was examined. Following
      direct application of potassium to one substantia nigra, changes occurred in the
      local release of total protein and acetylcholinesterase, but not nonspecific
      cholinesterases; changes also were observed in both caudate nuclei and the
      contralateral substantia nigra. The local evoked release of acetylcholinesterase
      and of total protein differed in the extent to which they were calcium-dependent.
      Control studies suggest that release of these compounds, both spontaneous and
      evoked, is related, at least in part, to neuronal activity. The significance of
      the neuronal release of proteins is discussed.

PMID- 6834034
TI  - Selective effects of neonatal hypothyroidism on monoamine oxidase activities in
      the rat brain.
AB  - Hypothyroidism of mild intensity was obtained with prenatal and neonatal
      submission of Long-Evans rats to an iodide-rich diet. Chronic daily
      administration of methimazole to iodide-supplemented Long-Evans pups or to iodine
      deprived Charles-River rats through the first 29-30 days of age provoked severe
      hypothyroidism. Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and not type B (MAO-B) activity
      was consistently, although slightly (by approximately 20%), increased in the
      hypothyroid brain. Triiodothyronine (T3)-induced hyperthyroidism did not affect
      MAO activity. Replacement therapy with T3 did not normalize MAO-A activity in
      hypothyroidism. Methimazole displayed a competitive and reversible in vitro
      inhibition of MAO-A but not MAO-B activity. Although this effect was obtained at
      concentrations far higher than those estimated to reach the brain after a single
      injection of the goiterogen, the occurrence of accumulation processes in the
      metabolism-deficient hypothyroid neonate rats cannot be excluded. Thus, MAO-A
      activity might be either directly depressed during the goiterogenic treatment, or
      increased as the result of some kind of rebound effect after interruption of
      methimazole administration.

PMID- 6834036
TI  - Cerebroside and sulfatide biosynthesis in the brain of Snell dwarf mouse: effects
      of thyroxine and growth hormone in the early postnatal period.
AB  - Snell dwarf mice (dw/dw) and normal mice (+/?) were injected with thyroxine (T4)
      (1 microgram/animal, four injections) and growth hormone (GH) (20
      micrograms/animal, four injections) from the 5th to the 15th day of life. In the
      untreated dw/dw mouse brain, the specific activities of UDP-galactose:ceramide
      galactosyltransferase (CGalT), PAPS:cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), and 2',
      3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) were decreased by 28, 25, and 37%,
      respectively, compared with the control untreated +/? mice. The major effect of
      T4 was an increase of the brain CNP in the +/? mice (+40%) and dw/dw mice
      (+111%). The treatment with T4 also brought to normal the level of CGalT in dw/dw
      brain; a somewhat less marked effect on CST was observed. The treatment with GH
      had a great stimulatory effect on CNP: the specific activity of this enzyme
      increased by 40 and 69% in +/? and dw/dw mouse brain, respectively. On the
      contrary, no effect of GH on the CGalT activity was observed in this study. Our
      results suggest that T4 and GH may have both independent and complementary
      actions on the myelin-associated enzymes during the early postnatal period of
      brain development.

PMID- 6834038
TI  - Changes in the concentration of enolase isozymes and S-100 protein in
      degenerating and regenerating rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - Levels of enolase isozymes (alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma forms) and
      S-100 protein in rat sciatic nerves were determined during their degeneration and
      regeneration processes. The sciatic nerves were unilaterally crushed or severed.
      The rats were killed 1, 2, 6, and 8-9 weeks later, and both the proximal and
      distal portions of the damaged nerves were dissected. Control samples were
      obtained from the untreated contralateral hindlimbs. Enolase isozymes and S-100
      protein in the nerve segments were determined with the enzyme immunoassay method.
      The control nerves contained about 40, 90, and 30 pmol/mg protein of alpha alpha,
      alpha gamma, and gamma gamma enolases, respectively, and 0.85 microgram/mg
      protein of S-100 protein. These levels were not affected by repetitive electrical
      stimulation of the nerve fibers in vivo. The levels of the nervous system
      specific forms of enolase (alpha gamma and gamma gamma) and S-100 protein
      decreased markedly within a week in the distal portion of the crushed nerve
      (alpha gamma, 27 pmol/mg; gamma gamma, 5.5 pmol/mg; S-100 protein, 0.36
      microgram/mg) with apparently no change in the concentration of alpha alpha
      enolase. These levels in the proximal portion of the crushed nerve remained
      unaltered. The sensory and motor functions impaired by the sciatic nerve crush
      showed a recovery more or less after 4-9 weeks. This recovery was accompanied by
      a gradual regaining of the specific proteins in the distal portion of injured
      nerves (alpha gamma, 64 pmol/mg; gamma gamma, 13 pmol/mg; S-100 protein, 0.63
      microgram/mg at the 8-9th week).

PMID- 6834037
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of glycylglycine and delta-aminovaleric acid: evidence
      for glutamine exchange in amino acid transport.
AB  - We have proposed that glutamine serves in a facilitated diffusion process,
      mediated by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase;
      gamma GT) and that it leaves the brain in exchange for entering amino acids.
      Glutamine is also a precursor of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Thus, providing
      an alternate substrate for gamma GT should spare brain glutamine, raise GABA, and
      cause an anticonvulsant effect. We have found that glycylglycine, the best-known
      substrate for gamma GT, and delta-aminovaleric acid (DAVA), a structural analog,
      have anticonvulsant activity in DBA/2J mice. Both compounds can decrease the
      incidence and severity of seizures induced by L-methionine-RS-sulfoximine or
      electroconvulsive shock. DAVA was also tested and found to be active against
      seizures caused by pentylenetetrazol or picrotoxin. [14C]DAVA entered the brain
      at the rate of 18.7 nmol/g/min. The activity of DAVA as a substrate of gamma GT
      was intermediate to that of glycylglycine and glutamine. Preliminary studies have
      shown that brain glutamine and perhaps GABA are elevated 3 h after administration
      of DAVA (7.5 mmol/kg). These findings support the theory that glutamine exchange
      plays a role in amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier and suggests
      a new concept in anticonvulsant therapy.

PMID- 6834039
TI  - Calmodulin and Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in rat anterior
      pituitary gland.
AB  - Calmodulin and Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase were identified in
      the rat anterior pituitary gland. The concentration of calmodulin was 1.18 +/-
      0.11 microgram/mg protein (n = 7) in the cytosol fraction. The calmodulin of the
      anterior pituitary gland co-migrated with brain calmodulin on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Ka value of the partially
      purified enzyme for Ca2+ was 3.3 microM in the presence of 0.30 microM
      calmodulin. Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, calmodulin-interacting agents,
      inhibited enzyme activity, with Ki values of 1.3 and 2.6 X 10(-5) M,
      respectively. The enzyme was resolved into two peaks of activity, with
      sedimentation coefficients of 5.5 S and 16.5 S, by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. At least nine proteins were phosphorylated by the enzyme in a
      Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. In light of these results, the possibility
      that calmodulin and the calmodulin-activatable protein kinase system are involved
      in the mediation of the Ca2+ effect on hormone release from the anterior
      pituitary gland must be given consideration.

PMID- 6834040
TI  - Synaptosomal and brain mitochondrial lipids in hibernating and cold-acclimated
      golden hamsters.
AB  - Synaptosomes and mitochondria were isolated from the brains of warm-adapted,
      hibernating, and cold-acclimated golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Lipid
      extracts of these subcellular fractions were prepared and assayed for
      plasmenylethanolamine (ethanolamine plasmalogen) and cholesterol levels. The
      ganglioside composition of synaptosomes was also determined. Samples from the
      hibernating animals showed characteristic changes in lipid composition. These
      changes include decreases in plasmenylethanolamine levels and a shift in the
      ganglioside composition toward a higher percentage of the more polar
      gangliosides. Those animals which were exposed to cold and did not hibernate
      (cold-acclimated) showed no such changes. Fatty acid analyses of synaptosomal and
      mitochondrial ethanolamine glycerophospholipids demonstrated a similar trend.
      Samples from hibernators showed decreases in 16:0, 18:0, and 22:6 (n-3), and
      increases in 16:1, 18:1, and 20:4 (n-6) fatty acids. No changes were detectable
      in samples from cold-acclimated animals, indicating that hibernating and cold
      acclimated hamsters represent chemically distinct populations.

PMID- 6834041
TI  - Inhibition of calcium uptake, sodium uptake, and catecholamine secretion by
      methoxyverapamil (D600) in primary cultures of adrenal medulla cells.
AB  - The calcium-entry antagonist D600 (methoxyverapamil) inhibited nicotine- and
      veratridine-induced 45Ca2+ uptake, 22Na+ uptake, and catecholamine secretion in
      primary cultures of bovine adrenal medulla cells. Inhibition of nicotine-induced
      effects occurred at D600 concentrations approximately 3-10-fold lower than those
      needed to produce similar inhibition of veratridine-induced effects. Inhibition
      of the veratridine-induced effects was competitive, but inhibition of the
      nicotine-induced effects was not competitive. These results suggest that D600, in
      addition to blocking "slow" Ca2+ channels and tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels
      also blocks nicotine transmission, possibly either by noncompetitively inhibiting
      the interaction of nicotine with the receptor binding site or by blockade of the
      receptor-associated ion conductance channel.

PMID- 6834042
TI  - In vivo elevation of mouse brain S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine after treatment with L
      homocysteine.
AB  - Intraperitoneal coadministration of adenosine and L-homocysteine markedly
      increased S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine in whole mouse brain, but further
      investigations showed that this elevation could also be produced following
      administration of L-homocysteine alone. The noted increase was maximal (+1325%)
      10 min after treatment, remaining at about this level for 30-40 min before
      returning to control values after 180 min. Cerebral adenosine levels were
      decreased after treatment with L-homocysteine, adenosine, or these two substances
      in combination.

PMID- 6834043
TI  - Multiple forms of glutamate decarboxylase in porcine brain.
AB  - Three forms of glutamate decarboxylase from hog brain (termed alpha-, beta-, and
      gamma-GAD) were separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl
      Sepharose, by isoelectric focusing, and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      When rechromatographed on phenyl-Sepharose, each form migrated as a single
      entity, indicating that the forms are not readily interconvertible. The three
      forms are not different-sized aggregates of one form, since all three have the
      same approximate molecular weight (100,000) as determined by Sephadex G-200
      chromatography. The pIs of the three forms separated by phenyl-Sepharose were
      determined by isoelectric focusing. The values obtained (5.3, 5.5, and 5.8 for
      alpha-, beta-, and gamma-GAD, respectively) were comparable to the pIs of the
      three peaks of activity observed upon focusing of enzyme that had been subjected
      to phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. These results indicate that phenyl-Sepharose
      chromatography and isoelectric focusing separate the same three components. When
      synaptosomal extracts were analyzed by phenyl-Sepharose chromatography without
      intervening purification steps, all three forms were present, but the proportion
      of beta-GAD was somewhat higher and that of gamma-GAD somewhat lower than in the
      usual preparations.

PMID- 6834044
TI  - The identity of hexokinase activities from mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      fractions of rat brain homogenates.
AB  - Cytoplasmic hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) was
      purified from the soluble fraction of a rat brain homogenate by a procedure that
      included a unique affinity elution of the enzyme from Blue Dextran-Sepharose. The
      purified enzyme was examined with respect to properties in which the impure
      cytoplasmic enzyme has been reported to differ from the solubilized mitochondrial
      enzyme. These included the ability to bind to mitochondria, inhibition by
      quercetin, effect of pH on activity, and kinetics. In all regards the purified
      mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzymes appeared identical. In addition,
      comparative peptide maps after partial proteolysis showed no detectable
      differences. These results do not support the view that there exist distinct
      mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of hexokinase, the latter being permanently
      relegated to a cytoplasmic location and unable to participate in a dynamic
      equilibrium with the mitochondrially-bound enzyme. Alternatives are proposed to
      explain previous results that had been interpreted as indirect evidence for the
      existence of a distinct cytoplasmic hexokinase.

PMID- 6834045
TI  - Changes in free amino acid levels in developing human foetal brain regions.
AB  - The levels of free amino acids were determined in human foetal brain regions
      during prenatal development. Variation in the distribution of amino acids and
      their rate of change in five segments of the CNS at different stages of ontogeny
      was observed. Striking developmental changes were found in the levels of aspartic
      acid in medulla-pons and spinal cord, glycine in the spinal cord, gamma
      aminobutyric acid in the cerebral cortex, glutamic acid in the cerebral cortex,
      midbrain, and spinal cord, and taurine in the medulla-pons and spinal cord. At a
      late gestational period, glutamic acid was found most abundantly over all the
      brain regions, whereas the level of taurine was highest at an early gestational
      stage but not in spinal cord.

PMID- 6834046
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in two models of B12 deficiency.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), as measured by the 2-deoxy-D-[1
      14C]glucose technique, reflects local cerebral functional activity. In an effort
      to elucidate mechanisms of the encephalopathy associated with deficiency of
      vitamin B12, LCGU was determined in two recently described models of effective
      B12 deficiency: exposure of rats to subanesthetic doses of nitrous oxide (N2O)
      and/or administration of 1-amino-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (cycloleucine).
      Our results show that exposure of adult rats to N2O depresses LCGU selectively in
      cortical, auditory, and limbic structures, in association with a depression in
      whole-brain activities of the vitamin B12-dependent methyltetrahydrofolate
      homocysteine methyl-transferase (EC 2.1.1.13, methionine synthetase).
      Cycloleucine has no discernible effect on LCGU in the adult rat and does not
      change the cerebral activity of methionine synthetase.

PMID- 6834047
TI  - Postnatal changes in cathepsin D in rat neural tissue.

PMID- 6834048
TI  - Amino acids in the substantia nigra of rats with striatal lesions produced by
      kainic acid.
AB  - In an attempt to estimate the pool size of glutamate and other amino acids in
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons, we determined the content of
      12 amino acids in the bilateral substantia nigra of rats, in which unilateral
      striatal lesions had been made with kainic acid two weeks earlier. The assay of
      the amino acids (including glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, asparagine, glycine,
      and GABA) and ethanolamine was based on HPLC and fluorimetric detection after
      precolumn derivatization with omicron-phthaldialdehyde. The levels of all
      measured amino acids (except those of tyrosine, threonine, and ethanolamine) were
      decreased in the affected striatum, but only the levels of aspartate, taurine,
      and GABA were lowered in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. These results indicate
      that the pool size of the various amino acids in the striatonigral GABAergic
      pathway is small compared to their nigral content, and that in addition to GABA a
      significant fraction of aspartate and taurine may be confined to nerve terminals
      in the substantia nigra.

PMID- 6834049
TI  - Detection of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme in mouse brain.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, is
      known to be regulated by a macromolecular inhibitor, termed antizyme, in a number
      of cellular systems. The present results show that the antizyme is also a
      functional component of polyamine metabolism in the brain. It could be
      demonstrated both in normal randomly selected mice and in animals which had been
      subjected either to intracerebroventricular injection of saline, which is known
      to cause a transient activation of ornithine decarboxylase, or to 1,3-diamino-2
      propanol, an antizyme-inducing agent. When compared to tissues or cell systems
      studied so far, the cytosol fraction from mouse brain homogenate appeared to
      contain an exceptionally high amount of antizyme, that was bound to some material
      other than active ornithine decarboxylase. This feature was seen in all the
      animal groups studied, being most prominent after saline injection, when the
      amount of dissociable antizyme exceeded 14-fold the corresponding released
      ornithine decarboxylase activity. In untreated animals the excess was about
      eightfold and after 1,3-diamino-2-propanol about fivefold.

PMID- 6834050
TI  - Relative levels of hexokinase in isolated neuronal, astrocytic, and
      oligodendroglial fractions from rat brain.
AB  - The levels of hexokinase, as well as those of the cytoplasmic glycolytic enzyme
      lactate dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes
      fumarase and citrate synthase, have been determined in whole rat brain and in
      neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendroglial fractions isolated from rat brain.
      Compared with either whole brain or with isolated neurons or astrocytes,
      oligodendroglia are low in hexokinase content. This provides direct confirmation
      for the conclusion, based on an electron microscopic immunohistochemical method,
      that oligodendroglia, compared with other neural structures, contain relatively
      low levels of this key enzyme of glucose metabolism. Based on this confirmation,
      it is concluded that the electron-microscopic immunohistochemical procedure
      provides a valid indication of hexokinase content, and thus that other structures
      shown to stain weakly by the latter technique (e.g., dendritic terminals of
      cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells) are, indeed, low in hexokinase activity.

PMID- 6834052
TI  - Dopamine uptake by rat striatal synaptosomes: time- and temperature-dependent
      decay and protection by dithiothreitol and dopamine.
AB  - The uptake of [3H]dopamine (DA) into rat striatal synaptosomes in the presence of
      a monoamine oxidase inhibitor was studied using a filtration technique. After a
      10-min preincubation period, a fast initial uptake of [3H]DA was seen. Uptake
      reached a maximum after 4 min of incubation. If incubation was continued for more
      than 7 min, a gradual decrease in synaptosomal [3H]DA levels was found. Uptake
      was dependent on preincubation time; initial uptake velocity and maximal uptake
      decreased irreversibly with increasing preincubation periods. Moreover, the
      capacity of the synaptosomes to retain the [3H]DA during longer incubation times
      was progressively affected. The decrease in initial uptake activity was due to a
      decrease in the Vmax of the transport system. Dithiothreitol (2.8 mM) protected
      synaptosomal uptake activity against deterioration at 37 degrees C. Also, DA
      itself (10(-7)M) stabilized the uptake mechanism if added to the suspension
      before preincubation was started. Since [3H]DA uptake observed after loading the
      synaptosomes with labeled DA was similar to the uptake seen if the synaptosomes
      were not previously loaded with DA, it was concluded that under these conditions
      synaptosomal DA is completely exchangeable with exogenous substrate. Prolonged
      storage of the synaptosomes at 0 degree C also resulted in a time-dependent
      decrease in uptake activity (t1/2 = 116 min). The addition of unlabeled DA or
      dithiothreitol to the suspension did not affect instability at 0 degree C.

PMID- 6834051
TI  - Effect of colchicine on 45Ca and choline uptake, and acetylcholine release in rat
      brain synaptosomes.
AB  - The effects of 1 and 10 mM colchicine on the K+-evoked release of preformed and
      newly synthesized acetylcholine and on the K+-depolarization-stimulated uptake of
      45Ca were compared in rat brain synaptosomes. Preincubation of synaptosomes with
      1 mM colchicine had little effect on transmitter release and on uptake of 45Ca;
      10 mM colchicine inhibited both the release of transmitter and uptake of 45Ca by
      58%. Since 1 mM colchicine has been shown to disaggregate intrasynaptosomal
      microtubules almost completely, but to be without effect on release of either
      preformed or newly synthesized acetylcholine in our experiments, it is concluded
      that colchicine modifies transmitter release by reducing Ca2+ influx, rather than
      by its postulated intracellular action on microtubule-mediated transmitter
      mobilization. In addition, 1 and 10 mM cholchicine significantly inhibited the
      high-affinity choline uptake in synaptosomes. This hemicholinium-like action of
      colchicine may contribute to the reduction of transmitter release.

PMID- 6834053
TI  - Muscimol potentiation of acidic amino acid release from cerebellar synaptosomes
      is chloride dependent.
AB  - In previous studies we have shown that the depolarization-induced release of
      preaccumulated acidic amino acids and newly synthesized glutamate from cerebellar
      synaptosomal preparations is potentiated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      agonists through a GABAergic presynaptic mechanism. Here we report a systematic
      analysis of the ionic requirements of the potentiating effect of muscimol on the
      high K+-evoked release of D-[3H]aspartate. Our studies show that: Ca2+, Na+, and
      Mg2+ are not required for muscimol to exert its effect; a depolarizing
      concentration of K+ is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition to observe the
      presynaptic effect in question; and a minimal Cl- concentration (50-70 mM) is
      also required. A possible model based on these findings is proposed.

PMID- 6834054
TI  - Characterization and location of Met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 stored in various rat
      brain regions.
AB  - A specific antiserum against met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 was raised and used to
      study the distribution and characterization of met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7-like
      immunoreactive material in rat brains by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical
      procedures. The antiserum appears to be directed to the COOH-terminus of the
      peptide, as it fails to cross-react with met5-enkephalin, met5-enkephalin-arg6,
      met5-enkephalin-arg6-arg7, met6-enkephalin-lys6, and leu-enkephalin. However, it
      cross-reacts with phe-met-arg-phe by about 10% and with phe-met-arg-phe-NH2 to an
      insignificant degree. The highest content of met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 was found
      in the striatum, which contains a dense network of immunoreactive varicose fibers
      and terminals, as well as immunoreactive cell bodies. The met5-enkephalin-arg6
      phe7 in striatum can be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner by a depolarizing
      concentration of KCl, raising the possibility of a neuroregulatory role for met5
      enkephalin-arg6-phe7. Characterization of the immunoreactive material by gel
      filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography revealed the presence of
      multiple forms of immunoreactive material in some brain regions.

PMID- 6834056
TI  - Regional cerebral glucose utilization in rats with portacaval anastomosis.
AB  - Regional cerebral glucose utilization was measured using [2-14C]glucose in rats
      with an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis. The experiments were conducted in two
      groups of rats 4 to 8 weeks after portacaval shunting was established. One group
      was paralyzed and given N2O:O2 (70:30), whereas the other was conscious,
      unstressed, and unaware of the experiment. In both groups the rate of glucose
      utilization was decreased in almost all brain structures by an average of 20%
      after portacaval shunting. The results showed definitively that cerebral energy
      metabolism was reduced at a time when there were no obvious neurological
      abnormalities.

PMID- 6834055
TI  - Characterization of an adenylate cyclase-linked serotonin (5-HT1) receptor in a
      neuroblastoma X brain explant hybrid cell line (NCB-20).
AB  - Clonal cell line NCB-20 (a hybrid of mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 and Chinese
      hamster 18-day embryonic brain explant) expressed both high- (KD 180 nM) and low
      affinity (greater than 3000 nM) binding sites for [3H]serotonin (5-HT) which were
      absent from the parent neuroblastoma. The low-affinity binding site was
      eliminated by 1 microM spiperone. The order of drug potency for inhibition of
      high-affinity [3H]5-HT binding was consistent with a 5-HT1 receptor (5,6 -
      dihydroxytryptamine = 5-HT = methysergide = 5-methoxytryptamine greater than
      cyproheptadine = clozapine = mianserin greater than spiperone greater than
      dopamine = morphine = ketanserin = norepinephrine). [3H]5-HT binding was
      inhibited by guanine nucleotides (e.g., GTP and Gpp(NH)p), whereas antagonist
      binding was not; ascorbate was also inhibitory. A 30-min exposure of cells to 1-2
      microM 5-HT or other agonists produced a three- to fivefold stimulation of cyclic
      AMP levels. The order of potency for 5-HT agonist stimulation of basal cyclic AMP
      levels and 5-HT antagonist reversal of agonist-stimulated levels was the same as
      the order of drug potency for inhibition of high-affinity [3H]5-HT binding,
      suggesting linkage of the 5-HT1 receptor to adenylate cyclase in NCB-20 cells.

PMID- 6834057
TI  - Temperature-mediated interaction of tetanus toxin with cerebral neuron cultures:
      characterization of a neuraminidase-insensitive toxin-receptor complex.
AB  - Energy-dependent internalization of 125I-labeled tetanus toxin into cultured
      neural cells is shown to follow an energy-independent binding process. A three
      step model, involving receptor-mediated binding followed by sequestration and
      internalization is proposed. In the first step, binding of toxin is enhanced in
      appearance under low ionic strength medium, at 0-4 degrees C; it is suppressed,
      however, with increasing incubation temperature under physiological salt
      concentrations. Cell-bound toxin is displaced by approximately 35.5% when high
      salt medium (physiological concentrations) is added to cells at 0-4 degrees C;
      the effect is further amplified at 37 degrees C. Addition of disialoganglioside
      GD1b (1-5 micrograms/ml) also lowers the amount of cell-associated toxin. The
      fraction of 125I-labeled toxin retained by the cells after exposure to high-salt
      medium at 0-4 degrees C or after addition of GD1b is operationally defined as
      sequestered toxin. This second step, characterized by a stable association of the
      toxin with the neural cells, is affected by both physiological salt and by 37
      degrees C conditions. Lastly, an energy-dependent phenomenon of firm association
      of tetanus toxin with neural cells, compatible with internalization, is
      described. The toxin residing in this fraction is bioactive and cannot be removed
      by salts, gangliosides, or by treatment with protease or neuraminidase. Binding,
      sequestration, and internalization are mutually dependent, as they are all
      blocked by pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase and by an enhanced energy
      independent sequestration event, which results in enhanced tetanus toxin
      internalization by an energy-dependent process.

PMID- 6834058
TI  - Pre- and postnatal ontogeny and characterization of dopaminergic D2, serotonergic
      S2, and spirodecanone binding sites in rat forebrain.
AB  - The ontogeny of binding sites for [3H] spiperone was studied in time-pregnant
      rats. Binding of [3H]spiperone to fresh homogenates of pre- and postnatal rat
      forebrain was characterized by Scatchard analysis and competition experiments
      with a number of dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists and antagonists and
      additional substances. A convenient discrimination of three high-affinity sites,
      i.e., the dopaminergic D2, serotonergic S2, and spirodecanone (Sd) sites, was
      obtained with l-(-)sulpiride and cis-flupenthixol. The analgesic R5573 was found
      not to be specific for the Sd site but to interact with all three sites. The
      three binding sites became detectable in sequential order. S2 and D2 binding
      sites were first found at embryonic days 15.75 and 17.75, respectively. The Sd
      site did not appear before postnatal day 8. All three binding sites reached adult
      values at approximately postnatal day 30. During the prenatal period, the
      increase in the number of D2 binding sites paralleled the rise in forebrain
      dopamine concentrations. The kinetics of D2 and S2 sites were the same at
      embryonic day 19.75 and postnatal day 30. These observations provide evidence for
      the presence of the receptor substrate for actions of neuroleptics on
      dopaminergic and serotonergic systems during fetal life.

PMID- 6834059
TI  - Lactate uptake and release in the presence of glucose by sympathetic ganglia of
      chicken embryos and by neuronal and nonneuronal cultures prepared from these
      ganglia.
AB  - Uptake and output of lactate were measured in lumbar sympathetic chains excised
      from embryos of white leghorn chickens, 14-15 days old. The chains, typically
      containing 30-40 micrograms of protein, were incubated in Eagle's minimum
      essential medium containing bicarbonate buffer, 6-17 mM glucose, various
      concentrations of lactate, and either [U-14C]lactate, [1-14C]glucose, or [6
      14C]glucose. The average rate of uptake of labeled lactate was measured with
      incubations of 5-6 h, starting with various external lactate concentrations. From
      these data the instantaneous relation between lactate uptake rate and
      concentration was deduced with a simple computerized model. The instantaneous
      uptake rate increased with the concentration according to a relation that fit the
      Michaelis-Menten equation, with Vmax = 360 mumol/g protein/h and Km = 4.8 mM.
      Substantial fractions of the lactate carbon were recovered from tissue
      constituents and in several nonvolatile products in the medium, as well as in
      CO2. Glucose uptake averaged about 108 mumol/g protein/h and did not vary greatly
      with external lactate concentration, although the metabolic partitioning of
      glucose carbon was considerably affected. Regardless of initial concentration,
      the lactate concentration in the medium tended to change towards approximately
      0.6 mM, showing that uptake equaled output at this level, with rates at about 40
      mumol/g protein/h. With the steady-state concentration of 0.6 mM lactate, about
      20% of the glucose carbon was shunted out into the medium before it was
      reabsorbed and metabolized into various products. Lactate uptakes by neuronal and
      nonneuronal cultures prepared from the ganglia did not differ consistently from
      one another or from uptake by undissociated ganglia. The neuronal cultures tended
      to oxidize a greater fraction of the consumed lactate to CO2 and to convert a
      smaller fraction of the lactate to products in the medium than did the
      nonneuronal cultures. Computer modeling, using known parameters for blood-brain
      transport of lactate in the adult rat and data on uptake by the ganglia, suggests
      that lactate may supply substantial fuel to the brain, even in the presence of
      abundant glucose, when the lactate concentration in the blood is raised to levels
      commonly observed in exercising humans, such as 10-20 mM. This is in agreement
      with the findings of several investigators in hypoglycemic humans and in animals
      with intermediate blood lactate concentrations.

PMID- 6834062
TI  - Effects of in vivo administration of kainic acid on the extracellular amino acid
      pool in the rabbit hippocampus.
AB  - The effect of local administration of kainic acid in the rabbit hippocampus was
      studied; the hippocampus was perfused continuously in the freely moving animal
      with an implanted 0.3-mm dialysis fiber. The pattern of endogenous amino acids in
      the perfusate, reflecting extracellular amino acids, was monitored with liquid
      chromatography separation and fluorimetric detection of amino acid derivatives.
      Kainic acid was included in the perfusion medium for up to 70 min at 0.1-1.0 mM
      and, with time, induced epileptiform activity. Endogenous glutamic acid, taurine,
      and phosphoethanolamine levels were increased selectively at the lower perfusion
      concentrations of kainic acid. Long perfusion periods with higher concentrations
      increased the levels of virtually all amino acids. Perfusion of the hippocampus
      with depolarizing concentrations of potassium gave an amino acid response partly
      similar to that seen with kainic acid treatment. However, one notable difference
      between the two responses was that the extracellular concentration of glutamine,
      although not influenced by kainic acid, was significantly decreased after high
      potassium concentrations. These results confirm previous notions that kainic acid
      has a primarily excitatory effect, one manifestation of this effect being the
      release of glutamic acid.

PMID- 6834061
TI  - Phospholipid synthesis in the squid giant axon: incorporation of lipid
      precursors.
AB  - The squid giant axon and extruded axoplasm from the giant axon were used to study
      the capacity of axoplasm for phospholipid synthesis. Extruded axoplasm, suspended
      in chemically defined media, catalyzed the synthesis of phospholipids from all of
      the precursors tested. 32P-Labeled inorganic phosphate and gamma-labeled ATP were
      actively incorporated into phosphatidylinositol phosphate, while [2-3H]myo
      inositol and L-[3H(G)]serine were actively incorporated into phosphatidylinositol
      and phosphatidylserine, respectively. Though less well utilized. [2-3H]glycerol
      was incorporated into phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and triglyceride,
      and methyl-3H]choline and [1-3H]ethanolamine were incorporated into
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Isolated squid
      giant axons were incubated in artificial seawater containing the above
      precursors. The axoplasm was extruded following the incubations. Although most of
      the product lipids were recovered in the sheath (composed of cortical axoplasm,
      axolemma, and surrounding satellite cells), significant amounts (4-20%) were
      present in the extruded axoplasm. With tritiated choline and myo-inositol, the
      major labeled phospholipids found in both the extruded axoplasm and the sheath
      were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively. With both
      glycerol and phosphate, phosphatidylethanolamine was a major labeled lipid in
      both axoplasm and sheath. These findings demonstrate that all classes of
      phospholipids are formed by endogenous synthetic enzymes in axoplasm. In
      addition, we feel that the different patterns of incorporation by intact axons
      and extruded axoplasm indicate that surrounding sheath cells contribute lipids to
      axoplasm. A comprehensive picture of axonal lipid metabolism should include
      axoplasmic synthesis and glial-axon transfer as pathways complementing the axonal
      transport of perikaryally formed lipids.

PMID- 6834064
TI  - Lipid peroxide distribution in brain and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - Regional differences in peroxide levels in rat brain are relatively small but the
      highest levels were found in the substantia nigra. Lipid peroxides of rat whole
      brain were significantly increased (22%) immediately after exposure to oxygen at
      high pressure (OHP). However, this increase was transient. No significant
      difference from control was observed 3 h after exposure to OHP. The greatest
      increases were in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. The olfactory bulb,
      caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, corpus callosum, septum, hypothalamus,
      substantia nigra, and inferior colliculus all showed moderate but significant
      increases, whereas the accumbens, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and amygdala
      showed no significant change. This regional difference in lipid peroxidation may
      indicate a regional susceptibility to the damaging effects of free radical
      reactions.

PMID- 6834063
TI  - Examination of the role of central cholinergic mechanisms in the therapeutic
      effects of HI-6 in organophosphate poisoning.
AB  - In atropine-pretreated rats, HI-6 (125 mg/kg i.p.) raised the LD50 of Soman
      (subcutaneous) 5.7 times. Addition of HI-6 (25 micrograms i.c.v.) failed to
      enhance this protection further. HI-6 (intraperitoneal) also protected animals
      from intracerebroventricular Soman. HI-6, administered intracerebroventricularly
      either alone or in combination with intraperitoneal HI-6, failed to increase
      protection, nor did it reactivate Soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in
      several brain areas. HI-6 (125 or 62.5 mg/kg i.p.) protected rats from Sarin
      lethality, but only the higher dose significantly altered the brain AChE
      activity. Furthermore, HI-6 (intraperitoneal) failed to block the Soman-induced
      increase in acetylcholine (ACh) or choline (Ch) levels in any of the brain areas
      examined. These data indicate that HI-6 is a very beneficial therapy against
      Soman, but that no definitive central anticholinergic activity of the compound
      could be found to explain its protective effects. It is possible that HI-6 acts
      by noncholinergic central mechanisms, or that it produces its beneficial effects
      outside the CNS. Furthermore, brain AChE activity does not appear to be
      indicative of protective effects of this oxime. ACh or Ch levels in this study
      were not good parameters to predict the outcome of Soman poisoning.

PMID- 6834060
TI  - High-affinity uptake of [3H]norepinephrine by primary astrocyte cultures and its
      inhibition by tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Primary astrocyte cultures from neonatal rat brains show uptake of
      [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE). This uptake has a high-affinity component with an
      apparent Km of approximately 3 X 10(-7) M. At 10(-7) M [3H]NE both the initial
      rate of uptake and steady-state content of [3H]NE is inhibited by up to 95% by
      omission of external Na+. The Na+-dependent component of this uptake is totally
      inhibited by the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine (DMI) and amitryptyline
      with IC50 values of 2 X 10(-9) and 4 X 10(-8) M, respectively. Inhibition of
      [3H]NE uptake by DMI shows competitive kinetics. These characteristics are
      essentially identical to those found for high-affinity uptake of NE in total
      membrane or synaptosome fractions from rodent brains and suggests that such
      uptake in neural tissue is not exclusively neuronal.

PMID- 6834065
TI  - Effects of monensin on posttranslational processing of myelin proteins.
AB  - Rat brain slices were incubated with [3H]palmitic acid and [14C]glycine to label
      the lipid and protein moieties, respectively, of myelin proteolipid protein
      (PLP). The effects of monensin on posttranslational processing of proteins were
      examined by measuring the appearance of [14C]glycine- and [3H]palmitate-labeled
      proteins in myelin and myelin-like fractions. At 0.01 and 0.10 microM, monensin
      did not appreciably affect total lipid or protein synthesis; higher
      concentrations caused increased inhibition. Monensin at 0.10 microM markedly
      decreased the appearance of [14C]glycine-labeled PLP in myelin, but had little
      effect on the 14C basic proteins or the incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid into
      total or myelin PLP. The same relative effect was apparent at higher monensin
      concentrations. In the myelin-like fraction, monensin at 0.10 microM also
      depressed entry of [14C]glycine into protein comigrating with PLP, and again had
      no effect on incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid. In addition, monensin increased
      the [3H]palmitate label associated with two high-molecular-weight proteins in the
      myelin-like fraction with no concomitant increase in [14C]glycine label.

PMID- 6834066
TI  - On the ability of galactose to influence hexose and amino acid uptake by isolated
      rat brain capillaries.
AB  - The uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, proline, methionine, and alpha-methylamino
      isobutyric acid was studied in brain capillaries preincubated with 50 mM
      galactose either in vitro or isolated from galactose-fed rats. The uptake was not
      decreased in both cases. The linear rate of glucose oxidation by capillaries was
      also not altered by preincubation with galactose.

PMID- 6834068
TI  - Catecholamine glucuronidation: an important metabolic pathway for dopamine in the
      rat.
AB  - In the present study, we found that large quantities of dopamine (DA) glucuronide
      were present in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and urine, whereas the
      glucuronides of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were almost undetectable.
      The high urinary excretion of DA glucuronide was in a range comparable to that of
      homovanillic acid (HVA). Sulfates of DA, NE, and E were measurable in all three
      body fluids, but only in small quantities. The measured DA glucuronide was
      predominantly of endogenous origin, as the feeding of sucrose instead of routine
      diet did not reduce the urinary output of DA glucuronide. Adrenalectomy but not
      peripheral sympathectomy induced by chronic guanethidine injection substantially
      decreased plasma DA glucuronide concentrations, indicating that the adrenals
      serve as an important source of endogenous DA glucuronide. The data suggest that
      glucuronidation constitutes an important metabolic pathway for endogenous DA of
      central and peripheral origin in rats; this route, however, is exclusive to DA
      and appears to play a negligible role for NE and E.

PMID- 6834070
TI  - Deoxycytidine transport and metabolism in choroid plexus.
AB  - In vitro, the transport into and release of [3H]deoxycytidine from the isolated
      choroid plexus, the anatomical locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier,
      were studied separately. By use of the ability of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI)
      to inhibit deoxycytidine efflux from choroid plexus, the transport of 1 microM
      [3H]deoxycytidine into choroid plexus at 37 degrees C was measured. Deoxycytidine
      was transported into choroid plexus against a concentration gradient by a
      saturable process that depended on intracellular energy production, but not
      intracellular binding or metabolism. The Michaelis-Menten constant (KT) for the
      active transport of deoxycytidine into choroid plexus was 15 microM. The active
      transport system for deoxycytidine was inhibited by naturally occurring
      nucleosides and deoxynucleosides, but not by 1 mM probenecid and 2-deoxyribose or
      100 microM cytosine and cytosine arabinoside. With less than 1 microM
      [3H]deoxycytidine in the medium, the choroid plexus accumulated [3H]deoxycytidine
      against a concentration gradient. However, approximately 50% of the
      [3H]deoxycytidine was phosphorylated to [3H]deoxycytidine nucleotides at a low
      extracellular [3H]deoxycytidine concentration (6 nM) in 15-min incubations. This
      accumulation process depended, in part, on saturable intracellular
      phosphorylation. These studies provide further evidence that the choroid plexus
      contains an active nucleoside transport system of low specificity for
      deoxynucleosides and ribonucleosides, and a separate, saturable efflux system for
      deoxynucleosides which is very sensitive to inhibition by NBTI.

PMID- 6834071
TI  - Characterization, development, and localization of the deoxycytidine
      phosphorylating systems in mammalian brain.
AB  - The accumulation of deoxycytidine by rabbit and mouse brain was studied in vitro.
      Brain slices from brain stem, cerebellum, and forebrain of rabbits of various
      ages (1 day to 2.5 years) and forebrain from adult mice were incubated for
      various times in artificial CSF containing 6 nM [3H]deoxycytidine at 37 degrees C
      under 95% O2/5% CO2. Rabbit and mouse brain slices of all ages accumulated
      [3H]deoxycytidine by a saturable system (IC50 = 4 microM) and converted it to
      [3H]deoxycytidine phosphates and [3H]DNA. When slices from all brain regions of 1
      day-old rabbits were incubated in 6 nM [3H]deoxycytidine for 30 min, tissue-to
      medium ratios of 3H were between 1.2 and 2.5 and declined with age, except in
      cortex; the percentages of total 3H in perchloric acid homogenates of brain
      slices as [3H]DNA were 10-24% and declined to low levels in middle age. However,
      at all ages and in all regions tested, 30-85% of the [3H]deoxycytidine within the
      slices was phosphorylated. After homogenization and subcellular fractionation of
      the brain slices incubated in [3H]deoxycytidine for 30 min, the highest
      percentage of [3H]deoxycytidine phosphates plus [3H]DNA was present in the
      nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of all brain regions. Deoxycytidine
      phosphates were synthesized from deoxycytidine in all brain regions tested into
      middle age.

PMID- 6834073
TI  - Hyperthermia induces the synthesis of a heat shock protein by polysomes isolated
      from the fetal and neonatal mammalian brain.

PMID- 6834072
TI  - Developmental changes in the biosynthesis of sialoglycoprotein substrates for
      intrinsic synaptic sialidase.

PMID- 6834069
TI  - High levels of brain dolichols in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis and senescence.
AB  - Dolichols as unesterified alcohols were identified as significant components of
      lipid extracts from storage cytosomes isolated post-mortem from the brains of
      patients with the infantile, late infantile, and juvenile types of neuronal
      ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL). Very small amounts of dolichols were present in the
      corresponding subcellular fractions of non-NCL brains. The nuclear fraction from
      NCL cerebral cortex contained the highest dolichol content expressed per
      milligram protein or lipid, whereas the crude mitochondrial fraction was the
      richest in normal brain. Highly significant elevations of dolichol levels were
      found in human cerebral cortex of patients with NCL and Alzheimer's disease
      compared with age-matched controls, but the levels were normal in Pick's disease.
      In human non-NCL cerebral cortex, dolichols increased from 16 micrograms/g at age
      5 to over 200 at age 81. Rat cerebral cortex showed a similar progressive
      increase in dolichol content with age. The high dolichol values in NCL,
      Alzheimer's disease, and senescence appears to be related to the increase of
      lipofuscin in brain. This is the first time a uniform biochemical abnormality has
      been found in all childhood forms of NCL, but the enzyme defect is still
      unidentified. It may lie on pathways where dolichols and retinyl compounds are
      recycled in Golgi membranes and derived organelles during the biosynthesis of
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6834067
TI  - Effects of postnatal trimethyltin or triethyltin treatment on CNS catecholamine,
      GABA, and acetylcholine systems in the rat.
AB  - The effects on brain neurochemistry of two neurotoxic tin compounds, trimethyltin
      (TMT) hydroxide and triethyltin (TET) sulfate, were examined. Long-Evans rats
      were treated with TMT hydroxide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on alternate days from day 2 to
      29 of life. These treatments caused a weight deficit of 10-20% by the time the
      animals were killed on day 55 by head-focused microwave irradiation. These TMT
      treatments are known to cause severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus and lesser
      damage in other brain regions. Accordingly, the concentration of gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) was decreased in the hippocampus; however, acetylcholine
      and choline concentrations were unaffected. These data suggest that TMT-induced
      effects on GABA systems are greater than that due simply to generalized neuronal
      loss. The TMT treatments also caused a significant decrease in dopamine
      concentrations in the striatum, but did not alter the concentrations of
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or homovanillic acid, the acidic metabolites of
      dopamine. Conversely, concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain
      stem and norepinephrine in the cerebellum were not altered. Despite reports in
      the literature of TMT-induced neuronal damage in areas of the cortex, no effects
      on GABA, acetylcholine, or choline levels were found in the cortical areas
      examined, or in the hypothalamus. TET sulfate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered
      for 6 consecutive days of every week during days 2-29 of life. This dose is lower
      than that needed to cause intramyelin edema, yet it does result in long-term
      behavioral changes. Despite this, no changes in the concentration of any of the
      measured neurotransmitters or their metabolites were detected. In concert, these
      data demonstrate that neurochemical methods should not be used as neurological
      "screens," but rather to define specific mechanisms suggested by detailed
      behavior, pharmacological, and/or physiological studies.

PMID- 6834074
TI  - Localization of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase.
AB  - Previous studies of the distribution of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) have
      concentrated on the soluble enzyme activity. In this study the activity of the
      membrane-bound enzyme was determined in different brain regions and peripheral
      tissues of the rat. Membrane-bound COMT, like the soluble enzyme, has a general
      distribution with high levels in liver, kidney, and vas deferens. However, the
      ratio of membrane-bound to soluble activity varies almost 30-fold in different
      tissues, with the highest ratio in brain. Membrane-bound activity varies twofold
      within brain. In view of their different localization and kinetic properties, it
      seems likely that the two forms of COMT have different functions in vivo.

PMID- 6834075
TI  - Regional energy balance in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia.
AB  - Phosphocreatine, ATP, and glucose were severely depleted, and the lactate levels
      were increased in the paramedian neocortex, dorsal-lateral striatum, and CA1 zone
      of hippocampus of rats exposed to 30 min of forebrain ischemia. Upon
      recirculation of the brain, phosphocreatine, ATP, and lactate concentrations
      recovered to control values in the paramedian neocortex and CA1 zone of
      hippocampus and to near-control values in the striatum. The phosphocreatine and
      ATP concentrations then fell and the lactate levels rose in the striatum after 6
      24 h, and in the CA1 zone of hippocampus after 24-72 h. The initial recovery and
      subsequent delayed changes in the phosphocreatine, ATP, and lactate
      concentrations in the striatum and hippocampus coincided with the onset and
      progression of morphological injury in these brain regions. The results suggest
      that cells in these regions regain normal or near-normal mitochondrial function
      and are viable, in terms of energy production, for many hours before unknown
      mechanisms cause irreversible neuronal before unknown mechanisms cause
      irreversible neuronal injury.

PMID- 6834076
TI  - Parinaud's syndrome.
AB  - Five cases of a tumour in the quadrigeminal area have been described, 4 of which
      could be verified by autopsy. In 2 cases with a metastasis in the tegmentum of
      the mesencephalon, a Parinaud syndrome was present. In 2 other cases, however,
      with extensive destruction of the quadrigeminal plate and of the posterior
      commissure this syndrome was not present. In the 5th case, with a big vascular
      tumour of the pineal area, disturbances of eye movements and pupils were also
      lacking. From these observations we may conclude that (1) destruction of the
      quadrigeminal plate has no influence upon vertical eye movements. (2) destruction
      of the posterior commissure, in combination with the quadrigeminal plate, is not
      always followed by disturbances of vertical eye movements. In man it is still not
      clear which structures are responsible for the performance of vertical eye
      movements.

PMID- 6834078
TI  - Inability to deactivate sympathetic nervous system in brainstem infarct patients.
AB  - Catecholamine urinary excretion under basal conditions and after head down
      tilting (4 degrees) was studied in normo- and hypertensive controls and in
      patients with hemisphere and brainstem infarction, respectively. Both the normo-
      and hypertensive controls and patients with hemisphere infarction displayed a
      conspicuous decrease (about 40%) in noradrenaline (NA) urinary excretion after
      head down tilting. In contrast the patients with brainstem infarction increased
      NA urinary excretion after the manoeuvre, suggesting activation instead of
      deactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In normo- and hypertensive
      controls the values of night NA excretion were lower than those of day NA
      excretion, whereas in brainstem infarct patients the night NA excretion was close
      to the day NA excretion. This finding also supports the view that the brainstem
      infarct patients are not able to deactivate their SNS during night recumbency.
      The SNS reactivity disorder of such patients if associated with impairment of
      autoregulation of cerebral circulation might generate an abnormal increase in
      cerebral circulation during night recumbency.

PMID- 6834079
TI  - The effect of advanced old age on the neurone content of the cerebral cortex.
      Observations with an automatic image analyser point counting method.
AB  - The effect of advanced old age on the nerve cell content of the cerebral cortex
      was examined in 19 non-demented persons aged 69-95 years, using a Quantimet 720
      image analysing computer to make area proportion measurements. Neurone loss
      around 1.0% per annum was found both in the neocortex and in the medial
      hippocampus. There was also significant shrinkage of neurones in the hippocampus.
      Macroscopic measurements of the cerebral hemispheres by means of point-counting
      morphometry showed a corresponding reduction in the volume of white matter
      amounting to about 0.8% per annum, but only a minor change in the cortex volume.
      This finding is consistent with the occurrence of dendritic growth of surviving
      neocortical neurones. By contrast, there appears to be no compensatory dendritic
      proliferation in the medial hippocampus since tissue atrophy was commensurate
      with cell loss in this region.

PMID- 6834077
TI  - Mitogen and antigen stimulation of multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid
      lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - Responses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes from
      20 MS patients to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), measles, rubella, mumps and herpes
      simplex virus antigens were followed during periods of from 6 to 13 months. Up to
      6 examinations, each with 1-5 stimulants, were performed with a lymphocyte blast
      transformation test. Most of the patients responded with their CSF cells to PHA
      (14/19) and at least to some of the viral antigens tested (15/20) during the
      follow-up. Although the maximal responses of CSF and PB cells to PHA and measles
      virus antigen were of the same magnitude, non-reactive or weakly responding
      lymphocytes were more common in CSF than in PB. In 7 of 15 patients having viral
      antigen responsive CSF cells simultaneous reactivity to several antigens could be
      shown. The stimulation results of CSF lymphocytes did not correlate with the
      numbers of CSF leukocytes or the intrathecal IgG synthesis. A negative
      correlation was observed between the strength of the CSF cellular response to PHA
      or measles virus antigen and the rate of intrathecal antibody synthesis to
      measles virus antigen, suggesting that the stimulated cells may at least
      partially represent suppressor cells.

PMID- 6834080
TI  - Prediction of response to plasma exchange in chronic relapsing polyneuropathy. A
      clinico-pathological correlation.
AB  - The clinical features, results of nerve conduction studies and sural nerve biopsy
      findings have been compared in 5 patients with chronic relapsing polyneuropathy
      in whom plasma exchange was used in treatment. In 2 patients who consistently
      responded to plasma exchange, the dominant pathological findings was segmental
      demyelination without prominent onion bulb formation, whereas axonal degeneration
      was more prominent in the cases which did not respond. It is concluded that in
      cases of chronic relapsing polyneuritis where the clinical, electrophysiological
      and histological features suggest primary demyelination, plasma exchange may
      provide a useful adjunct to therapy.

PMID- 6834081
TI  - Cyclophosphamide levels in serum and spinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients
      treated with immunosuppression.
AB  - The cyclophosphamide content of urine, serum and spinal fluid of immuno
      suppressed multiple sclerosis patients was determined using a newly developed off
      line combination of high pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass
      spectrometry. Although urinary excretion of the drug varied considerably between
      patients, the levels in serum and spinal fluid were in the same range, a
      relationship that may facilitate control of the dosage.

PMID- 6834082
TI  - Effects of binocular deprivation on responses of cells in cat's lateral
      suprasylvian visual cortex.

PMID- 6834083
TI  - Some features of binaural input to single neurons in physiologically defined area
      AI of cat cerebral cortex.
AB  - 1. In the ectosylvian cortex of 24 barbiturate-anesthetized cats, area AI was
      identified by its frequency organization and the responses to tonal stimuli of
      single neurons in that field were examined using sealed stimulating systems
      incorporating calibrated probe microphone assemblies. 2. The responsiveness to
      monaural and binaural best-frequency stimuli was examined quantitatively for 282
      single units in AI. One hundred thirty-nine cells (49%) were excited by
      independent stimulation of only one ear and were classified as EO cells. In
      general, the effective monaural excitatory input was derived from the
      contralateral ear. One hundred ten (39%) neurons were excited by independent
      stimulation of each ear and were classified as EE units. For these neurons, the
      contralateral responses were generally stronger, shorter in latency, and lower in
      threshold than were their ipsilateral responses. Thirty-three cells (12%) gave
      weak or no responses to monaural stimuli but responded securely to binaural
      stimuli. These cells were classified as predominantly binaural (PB). 3. Binaural
      interactions were examined by comparison of the response to binaural, equally
      intense stimuli to the stronger monaural response. Among EO cells suppression was
      the most common form of interaction, while for EE cells summation was the more
      common. Less than 8% of cells were found to be monaural. 4. In electrode
      penetrations radial to the cortex surface, cells received their stronger or sole
      monaural excitatory input from a common ear, generally the contralateral. Within
      such penetrations, however, cells commonly differed with regard to the nature of
      their input from the other ear and/or in their binaural interactions. 5.
      Comparison of these data with data previously reported for subcortical auditory
      nuclei revealed that AI preserves many of the stimulus specificity
      characteristics of the lower nuclei. The reasons for the preservation of these
      characteristics at the cortex and the implications of the present data for the
      binaural column hypothesis are discussed.

PMID- 6834084
TI  - Inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract neurons by stimulation in ventral
      posterior lateral (VPLc) thalamic nucleus: possible mechanisms.

PMID- 6834085
TI  - A further examination of effects of cortical stimulation on primate spinothalamic
      tract cells.
AB  - 1. Stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex was found to excite and/or inhibit
      nociceptive spinothalamic tract cells. Thirteen wide dynamic range cells were
      inhibited by cortical stimulation, 6 were excited and 14 were both excited and
      inhibited. Four of six high-threshold cells were excited and one was inhibited.
      2. Intermediate (200 ms) or long (2 s) duration conditioning trains were
      effective in reducing responses of spinothalamic cells evoked by noxious
      mechanical or thermal stimuli and by A- and C-fiber volleys in the sural nerve.
      Preferential inhibition of low-threshold responses with little or no effect on
      high-threshold discharges was observed in some cases. 3. Inhibitory actions were
      obtained primarily from stimulation of the SI sensory cortex and area 5, while
      excitation or excitation followed by inhibition was the dominant effect from
      motor cortex (area 4). Spinothalamic cells were also excited by stimulation of
      the medullary pyramid. 4. In eight animals extensive mapping of the sensorimotor
      cortex showed that for a given cell, stimulation of the sensory cortex produced
      inhibition while stimulation of motor cortex resulted in excitation. 5. The
      average latency of inhibition from sensory cortex was 29.8 +/- 10 ms, while the
      average latency of excitation from motor cortex was significantly shorter, 13.5
      +/- 9 ms. The shortest latencies for excitation from pyramidal stimulation in the
      cases evaluated ranged from 2 to 9 ms. 6. Spinal cord lesions were made in five
      animals to determine the descending pathway(s) mediating corticofugal effects.
      Cortical and pyramidal effects were eliminated or considerably reduced by lesions
      involving the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. This observation combined
      with latency data suggest that the corticospinal tract may be involved in the
      mediation of cortical excitation, while both pyramidal and extrapyramidal
      pathways are likely to be involved in cortical inhibition.

PMID- 6834087
TI  - Modification of trajectory of a pointing movement in response to a change in
      target location.
AB  - 1. Arm movements toward a target involving motion at the shoulder and elbow
      joints and restricted to the sagittal plane were investigated. During some
      movements, target location changed suddenly, thus requiring an intentional
      correction of the trajectory by the human subject. 2. The reaction time to
      correct the trajectory was comparable to the reaction time to initiate the
      movement. 3. Coordination of arm and shoulder movements in this task was achieved
      by means of a reduction of the number of degrees of freedom of the movement. Such
      a simplification of the task took two forms. 4. Angular acceleration at the elbow
      and shoulder were linearly related to each other in the deceleratory phase of the
      movement, when the trajectory had to be corrected as well as when no such
      correction was required. 5. When the correction required an increase or decrease
      in flexor torque at the shoulder and elbow, electromyographic (EMG) activity in
      anterior deltoid and biceps increased or decreased simultaneously. When the
      correction demanded more activity in triceps and deltoid, these muscles were
      activated sequentially instead. It is concluded that rapid corrections of a
      movement involve the production of stereotyped patterns of activity in shoulder
      and elbow muscles.

PMID- 6834086
TI  - Site of action of sleep-inducing muramyl peptide isolated from human urine:
      microinjection studies in rabbit brains.
AB  - 1. Sleep-promoting muramyl peptide purified from human urine (SPU) was injected
      through chronically implanted guide tubes into defined regions of the basal
      forebrain and brain stem of unanesthetized rabbits. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
      and body movements were recorded subsequent to each injection. 2. Of 52 injection
      sites, there were 8 in which microinjection of SPU induced significant increases
      of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for 5 or more hours. Each active site was tested twice
      with SPU and once with vehicle control. 3. Seven of the active sites were located
      in a region extending from the basal forebrain at the level of the optic chiasm
      to the mesodiencephalic junction. No active sites were found in the lower brain
      stem. 4. The behavioral and EEG characteristics of the excess SWS induced by
      microinjection of SPU appeared normal and similar to the excess sleep that
      follows intraventricular infusions of sleep factor. However, the responses
      occurred sooner after injections into an active site than after infusion into a
      lateral ventricle.

PMID- 6834088
TI  - Activity of cells in area 17 of the cat in absence of input from layer a of
      lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - 1. Injections of 4 mM cobaltous chloride were used to block synaptic transmission
      in layer A of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) without blocking fibers of
      passage going to or arising from other layers. 2. Selective inactivation of
      geniculate layer A virtually abolished all visual activity in cortical layers
      4ab, 4c, and 6. Under these conditions, the stimulus-evoked response, orientation
      selectivity, and direction selectivity of cells in layers 2 and 3 were not
      seriously affected. In layer 5, the effects of the block were more variable, with
      special complex cells least affected and simple cells most affected. 3. Since the
      organization of complex receptive fields and the maintenance of normal
      orientation selectivity in supragranular layers survive disruption of major
      interlaminar interactions, it appears that much of the functional architecture of
      cat striate cortex does not depend on the integrity of the column. 4. These
      results support the idea that each layer of the LGN is a functional unit with a
      unique pattern of access to the various layers of visual cortex.

PMID- 6834091
TI  - Response of cat semicircular canal afferents to sinusoidal polarizing currents:
      implications for input-output properties of second-order neurons.
AB  - 1. We studied the response of cat vestibular afferents, most likely innervating
      the semicircular canals, to sinusoidal polarizing currents applied to an
      electrode implanted near the horizontal ampulla. 2. Electrode implantation
      abolished responses to natural stimulation and reduced the level of resting
      activity compared to a population of afferents from unimplanted animals. The
      distribution of coefficients of variation of resting activity was, however,
      similar to that seen when the labyrinth is intact. 3. Many fibers were modulated
      sinusoidally by polarizing currents in the frequency range 0.175-4 Hz. Phase was
      mainly constant and typically led stimulus negativity by approximately 14
      degrees, although about half the regular fibers had a phase lead that increased
      with frequency. Mean sensitivity (spikes X s-1 X microA-1) of regular and
      irregular fibers increased by a factor of about 1.5 over the frequency studied.
      Absolute sensitivity was about 7 times higher for irregular than for regular
      fibers. The overall behavior of the afferents could be well described by a
      transfer function in the form, sk, with 0 less than k less than 1. 4. We compared
      the response of afferent fibers to sinusoidal current with the response of second
      order neurons studied under similar conditions in earlier experiments (15, 23).
      While the slopes of the sensitivities were similar, second-order neurons
      developed a phase advance over afferents at frequencies around 1 Hz. This
      difference in dynamics can be described by a transfer function in the form tau S
      + 1, with tau = 12 ms. This predicts that second-order neurons can develop a
      phase lead of about 25 degrees with respect to afferents at 6 Hz, a frequency
      still in the physiological range. It remains to be determined whether this
      applies to a particular subset of second-order neurons contributing to
      vestibulocollic reflexes.

PMID- 6834089
TI  - Generation and coordination of heartbeat timing oscillation in the medicinal
      leech. I. Oscillation in isolated ganglia.
AB  - 1. The interactions among the four pairs of interneurons (HN(1)-HN(4)) of the
      heartbeat timing oscillator are confined to the third and fourth ganglia (G3 and
      G4). In isolation, G3 and G4 each produces a rhythm essentially the same as that
      shown when the two ganglia are linked together. 2. The local circuits in both
      ganglia have the same general form. In both the oscillation centers on a
      bilateral pair of HN cells that are linked by reciprocal inhibition (the HN(3)
      pair in G3 and the HN(4) pair in G4). In addition, there is reciprocal inhibition
      between an HN(3) or HN(4) cell and the intersegmental processes of the
      ipsilateral HN(1) and HN(2) cells. 3. These connections account for the phase
      relationships in an isolated G3 or G4, since cells linked by reciprocal
      inhibition produce bursts in alternation. 4. In isolated ganglia, reciprocal
      inhibition not only coordinates the activity of the HN cells but also appears to
      help generate their bursts. 5. Yet reciprocal inhibition alone cannot account for
      the activity of the network. An endogenous property of the HN(3) and HN(4) cells
      appears to create the instability necessary for oscillation.

PMID- 6834090
TI  - Generation and coordination of heartbeat timing oscillation in the medicinal
      leech. II. Intersegmental coordination.
AB  - 1. A network of four pairs of interneurons, HN(1)-HN(4), times the heartbeat of
      the medicinal leech. The following model accounts for the stable phase
      relationships in the network and the network's response to perturbation,
      entrainment, and stimulation. 2. There are two centers of oscillation, one the
      HN(3) pair in the third ganglion, the other the HN(4) pair in the fourth
      ganglion. 3. The two other pairs, HN(1) and HN(2), couple the oscillation of the
      HN(3) pair with that of the HN(4) pair, thereby guaranteeing that a coherent time
      signal is sent to the rest of the heartbeat system. 4. The HN(1) and HN(2) pairs
      can play this coupling role because they have impulse-initiation sites in the
      third and fourth ganglia and have input and output connections with the HN(3) and
      HN(4) pairs. 5. In the context of the network, the intrinsic frequency of the
      HN(4) pair appears to be higher than that of the HN(3) pair. Coupled, the two
      pairs strike a stable compromise in which the HN(4) pair leads the HN(3) pair.

PMID- 6834093
TI  - Auditory response properties of neurons in deep layers of cat superior
      colliculus.
AB  - 1. The auditory responses of 207 single neurons in the intermediate and deep
      layers of the superior colliculus (SC) of barbiturate -or chloralose-anesthetized
      cats were recorded extracellularly. Sealed stimulating systems incorporating
      calibrated probe microphone assemblies were employed to present tone- and noise
      burst stimuli. 2. All acoustically activated neurons responded with onset
      responses to noise bursts. Of those neurons also tested with tonal stimuli,
      approximately 30% were unresponsive over the frequency range tested (0.1-40 kHz),
      while the others had higher thresholds to tones than to noise. 3. Details of
      frequency responsiveness were obtained for 55 neurons; 21 were broadly tuned,
      while 34 were sharply tuned with clearly defined characteristic frequencies
      (CFs). All sharply tuned neurons had CFs greater than or equal to 10 kHz. 4. The
      majority of neurons (81%) responded with latencies in the range 8-20 ms; only 11%
      of neurons had latencies greater than 30 ms. 5. Binaural response properties were
      examined for 165 neurons. The great majority (79%) received monaural excitatory
      input only from the contralateral ear (EO). However, most EO cells were
      binaurally influenced, the contralateral response being either inhibited (EO/I;
      96 of 131 units) or facilitated (EO/F; 33 of 131 units) by simultaneous
      ipsilateral stimulation. Small subgroups were monaurally excited by either ear
      (EE cells; 8%) or were unresponsive monaurally but responded strongly to binaural
      stimulation (OO/F cells; 7%). 6. EO/I, EO/F, and OO/F neurons showed
      characteristic forms of sensitivity to interaural intensity differences (IIDs).
      The IID functions of EO/I neurons would be expected to produce large
      contralateral spatial receptive fields with clearly defined medial borders, such
      as have been described in studies of deep SC neurons employing free-field
      stimuli. 7. Preliminary evidence suggests a possible topographic organization of
      IID sensitivity in deep SC, such that the steeply sloping portion of the function
      (corresponding to the medial edge of the receptive field) is shifted laterally
      for EO/I neurons located more caudally in the nucleus. 8. The auditory properties
      of deep SC neurons are compared with previous reports and implications for the
      organization of auditory input are considered. The binaural properties and
      auditory spatial fields of deep SC neurons suggest that any representation of
      auditory space in this structure is unlikely to be based on restricted spatial
      fields.

PMID- 6834092
TI  - Responses of neurons in VPL and VPL-VL region of the cat to algesic stimulation
      of muscle and tendon.
AB  - 1. The responses evoked by electrical stimulation of cutaneous and muscle nerves,
      by noxious and innocuous mechanical stimulation of muscle, tendon, and cutaneous
      tissues, and by intra-arterial (ia) injection of algesic substances (potassium,
      bradykinin) into arteries supplying the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle (GS) were
      studied in single neurons located in the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) and
      in the transitional zone between VPL and the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) of cats
      lightly anesthetized with thiopenthal. Such chemical stimulation of the muscles
      has been shown to activate muscular groups III and IV axons specifically (43, 44)
      and presumably is nociceptive in character (14, 17, 31). 2. One hundred eight
      neurons were tested. Eighty-three of the units responded only to various types of
      cutaneous stimulation of the hindlimb. The other 25 responded to algesic
      stimulation of muscle and/or tendon. Of these latter 25, 7 had no apparent
      cutaneous receptive field although 4 of them responded to electrical stimulation
      of the common peroneal and/or sural nerve. Thus, only three neurons responded
      exclusively to algesic chemical and noxious mechanical stimulation of the muscle.
      Of the other 18 neurons, 14 had cutaneous receptive fields restricted to the
      hindlimb and often responded to non-noxious repetitive light stroking and to
      noxious pinching with a high-frequency discharge. Four cells (two of which had
      cutaneous input only from low-threshold mechanoreceptors) had complex and large
      receptive fields extending to more than one limb. 3. Potassium was a more potent
      muscle receptor stimulant than bradykinin, the latter only weakly exciting 3
      neurons of 24 tested with both substances. The responses to potassium were rapid
      (approximately 4.0 s in latency) and tended to be greater (have higher response
      rates) for the units that responded to cutaneous as well as muscle/tendon
      stimulation. 4. Most neurons that responded to noxious deep stimulation had a
      threshold for the GS nerve volley in the group III fiber range. The few neurons
      with thresholds slightly below the group III range did not respond to activation
      of group I or II muscle spindle afferents by intra-arterial application of
      succinylcholine or by stretching the muscle. 5. Neurons with responses to any of
      the muscle, tendon, or cutaneous nociceptive stimuli were located at the ventral
      and dorsal periphery of VPL and in the VPL-VL transitional zone. 6. These results
      strongly suggest that there exist regions within the lateral diencephalon of cats
      that are capable of processing nociceptive information and that these regions are
      located at the periphery of VPL.

PMID- 6834094
TI  - Response properties of visual cortical neurons in cats reared in stroboscopic
      illumination.
AB  - 1. The response properties of 182 units were studied in the primary visual
      cortices (155 in area 18 and 27 in area 17) in eight cats reared from birth in a
      stroboscopically illuminated environment (frequency, 2/s; duration, 200
      microseconds). Multihistogram quantitative testing was carried out in 82 units
      (64 in area 18 and 18 in area 17). Two hundred three neurons recorded and
      quantitatively tested in areas 17 and 18 of the normal adult cat were used for
      comparison. 2. Spatial characteristics of receptive fields investigated using
      hand-held stimuli were found to be abnormal. The correlation between receptive
      field width and eccentricity was lost in area 18 and consequently, receptive
      fields were significantly wider in area 18 subserving central vision. Cells could
      be classified according to the spatial characteristics of their receptive fields.
      There was a much smaller proportion of end-stopped cells in strobe-reared
      animals. Orientation tuning in the deprived animals was normal except for a small
      number of cells that showed no selectivity for stimulus orientation. 3.
      Compilation of velocity-response curves made it possible to classify areas 17 and
      18 neurons into four categories: velocity low-pass, velocity broad-band, velocity
      tuned, and velocity high-pass cells. The proportion of velocity high-pass cells
      was reduced in area 18 subserving peripheral vision, as was the proportion of
      velocity-tuned cells in area 18 subserving central vision. 4. In the strobe
      reared animal velocity sensitivity was somewhat different from that of the normal
      animal. Neurons in area 18 subserving the peripheral visual field failed to
      respond to fast velocities. Neurons in area 17 subserving the central visual
      field in strobe-reared animals responded to slightly higher velocities than in
      the normal animal. 5. In the deprived animals the number of neurons that were
      selective to the direction of motion was strongly reduced. The majority of
      neurons failed to show a selectivity for direction at all velocities. A number of
      neurons could be directional at some velocities but were unreliable, since they
      inverted their preferred direction with velocity changes. 6. Binocular
      convergence onto visual cortical cells was perturbed. In area 18 the majority of
      neurons were driven by the contralateral eye. In area 17 most neurons could be
      driven only by either the ipsilateral or contralateral eye. 7. Quantitative
      testing (of direction selectivity, sensitivity to high velocities, response
      latency, and strength) and qualitative testing (receptive-field width, end
      stopping, and ocular dominance) showed that the normal influence of eccentricity
      on functional properties was strongly reduced by strobe rearing.

PMID- 6834095
TI  - Distribution of electrotonic synapses on identified lamprey neurons: a comparison
      of a model prediction with an electron microscopic analysis.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential
      (EPSP) were made from an identified giant interneuron in the lamprey spinal cord
      following stimulation of a single identified presynaptic giant axon. The EPSP had
      both electrotonic and chemical components. 2. The giant interneuron and sometimes
      the giant axon were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Using combined
      light and electron microscopy (EM), gap junctions formed by the axon on the HRP
      labeled dendritic trees of seven interneurons were identified and their position
      marked on dendritic diagrams made from tracings of the cells. 3. The total number
      of gap junctions on a giant interneuron varied from a minimum of 9 to a maximum
      of 23. The number of gap junctions on a branch of a dendritic tree varied from 1
      to 9. For all seven neurons the closest gap junction was located approximately 65
      microns from the soma and the furthest 280 microns from the soma. 4. When gap
      junction position was plotted as a function of electrotonic distance from the
      soma, the variability in their distribution decreased significantly. Synaptic
      location was found to be on the average about 0.5 space constants from the soma,
      and this value compared favorably with that determined from an analysis of half
      width and rise time of the electrotonic synaptic potential for these neurons. 5.
      These results suggest that the presynaptic axon tends to make, on the average,
      synaptic contact at the same electrical distance from the soma.

PMID- 6834096
TI  - Prolonged dark rearing and development of interocular orientation disparity in
      visual cortex.

PMID- 6834097
TI  - Rapid acquisition of conditioned eye blink responses in cats following pairing of
      an auditory CS with glabella tap US and hypothalamic stimulation.

PMID- 6834098
TI  - Effects of hypothalamic stimulation on unit responses recorded from neurons of
      sensorimotor cortex of awake cats during conditioning.
AB  - 1. The activity of single units of the coronal pericruciate (CPC) cortex was
      studied in 11 awake cats during sessions in which a click conditioned stimulus
      (CS) was repeatedly paired with glabella tap unconditioned stimulus (US) and
      hypothalamic stimulation (HS). Effects of HS on the activity of cortical units
      were also studied during sessions in which HS alone was delivered repeatedly
      every 10 s. 2. HS evoked an increase in spike activity of less than 60 ms latency
      in 89 of 116 units tested. 3. Repeated presentation of HS that was effective in
      producing rapid behavioral conditioning resulted in a characteristic reduction in
      the latency of discharge evoked by HS in cortical units. 4. Short-latency
      activation (less than 20 ms) of units of the sensorimotor cortex appeared to be
      characteristic of HS that led to enhanced rates of conditioned response (CR)
      acquisition. One of the cells responding in this way was identified as a
      pyramidal cell of layer V by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). 5. Further analyses of activity were performed on 16 units of the CPC
      cortex that were followed through conditioning (or reconditioning) and extinction
      of the CR. After less than 10 CS-US-HS pairings, there was a selective
      augmentation of unit response to the CS but not of response to an explicitly
      unpaired discriminative stimulus (DS). Responses to the CS were not similarly
      augmented when presentations of HS preceded rather than followed the
      presentations of the CS and US. The rapid development of CS-evoked unit activity
      coincided with the rapid acquisition of discriminative CRs behaviorally. 6.
      During conditioning, the most conspicuous increases in CS-evoked unit response
      occurred at latencies 100 ms or more after onset of the click CS. This
      corresponded with the behavioral observation that the majority of eye blink CRs
      occurred with onset latencies longer than 100 ms.

PMID- 6834099
TI  - Ionic mechanism of muscarinic cholinergic depolarization of mouse spinal cord
      neurons in cell culture.
AB  - 1. Muscarinic cholinergic actions were investigated in a population of large
      multipolar spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture using
      conventional intracellular recording and single-microelectrode voltage-clamp
      techniques. 2. Cholinergic agonists were applied to the surface of neuronal
      somata by pressure ejecting drug-containing bathing medium from small blunt (2-10
      microns) glass micropipettes. Atropine was applied by diffusion from large (20-30
      microns) blunt micropipettes positioned near the soma. 3. Muscarine increased
      action-potential firing and evoked slow sustained membrane depolarization. Action
      potentials but not slow membrane depolarizations were eliminated by the sodium
      channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. Muscarine-induced depolarizing responses were
      unaffected by the calcium channel blocker, cadmium. 4. Depolarizing responses
      evoked by selective and nonselective muscarinic cholinergic agonists were dose
      dependent, reversibly antagonized by atropine, and did not desensitize. 5.
      Muscarine depolarized neurons and decreased membrane conductance during recording
      with both 3 M KCl- and 4 M KAc-filled intracellular recording micropipettes. When
      membrane potential was held constant using the single-electrode voltage-clamp
      technique (KCl-filled micropipettes), muscarine and gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) evoked inward currents at resting membrane potential. GABA-induced inward
      current responses were decreased by depolarization and had reversal potentials
      near -30 mV, consistent with GABA increasing chloride conductance. Muscarine
      induced inward current responses were increased by depolarization and had
      extrapolated reversal potentials near -80 mV, consistent with muscarine
      decreasing a potassium conductance. 6. Unlike GABA-induced currents, muscarine
      induced currents evoked in normal Tris-buffered saline (5 mM potassium) did not
      vary as a linear function of membrane potential and did not reverse polarity in
      six of seven neurons near potassium equilibrium potential. However, in high
      potassium medium (15 mM) muscarinic responses did reverse polarity and current
      was linearly related to membrane potential. Thus, the apparent voltage dependence
      of muscarine responses was probably due to voltage dependency of the potassium
      conductance and not due to potassium channel rectification. 7. Preliminary
      evidence (37) indicates that muscarine decreases a time- and voltage-dependent
      potassium current in some cultured spinal cord neurons. Whether reduction of m
      current can completely account for muscarine postsynaptic actions in these cells
      remains unclear. Muscarine may also block a small population of non-voltage
      dependent potassium channels in addition to reducing m current.

PMID- 6834100
TI  - Physiological effects of unequal alternating monocular exposure.
AB  - 1. In order to investigate the effects of an imbalance in stimulation to the eyes
      without the confounding influence of continuous deprivation of one eye, we reared
      cats with unequal alternating monocular exposure (AME) and, for comparison, cats
      with equal AME. We recorded extracellularly from single cells in area 17 of
      visual cortex. 2. For unequal AME cats, a majority of the cells that were
      visually responsive were dominated by the eye that had received more patterned
      visual experience. The percentage of cells dominated by the more experienced eye
      was greater with a large imbalance in stimulation to the two eyes (AME 8/1, 77%)
      than with a small imbalance (AME 8/4, 62%). 3. For both equal AME cats and
      unequal AME cats, we obtained evidence for differences in cells activated by the
      contralateral and by the ipsilateral afferents. a) In equal AME cats receiving
      only 1 h of exposure per day, we obtained a greater dominance by the
      contralateral eye (60%) than in equal AME cats receiving 8 h of exposure per day
      (42%). b) Although a large imbalance in stimulation (AME 8/1) resulted in a shift
      in ocular dominance in both cortical hemispheres, a moderate imbalance (AME 8/4)
      resulted in a smaller shift, which was apparent only in the hemisphere
      ipsilateral to the less-experienced eye. 4. The percentage of cortical cells
      responsive to each eye was uniform throughout the depth of cortex. Thus, for the
      unequal AME cats, cells activated by the less-experienced eye were no more
      frequent in layer IV of visual cortex than in the infragranular and supragranular
      layers. 5. Although almost all cells recorded from AME cats had relatively normal
      receptive-field properties, three receptive-field properties of cells in unequal
      AME cats showed an effect of the rearing. In each case cells dominated by the
      less-experienced eye and recorded in the cortical hemisphere ipsilateral to it
      showed the largest changes. These cells a) were more poorly tuned, b) had lower
      cutoff velocities, and c) had smaller receptive fields. 6. It is suggested that
      cortical cells that putatively receive Y-cell afferents from the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGNd) are more affected by an imbalance in stimulation than
      are cortical cells that putatively receive X-cell afferents. Thus, the decrease
      in mean receptive-field area and cutoff velocity for the cells dominated by the
      less-experienced eye is suggested to be due to a greater shift in ocular
      dominance by the cortical cells receiving Y-cell afferents from the LGNd. 7. The
      interaction between binocular competition and deprivation of pattern vision may
      contribute to differences between monocularly deprived cats and unequal AME cats.

PMID- 6834101
TI  - Alkaline and acid transients in cerebellar microenvironment.
AB  - 1. Extracellular pH (pHo) was measured in the cerebellar cortex of the rat using
      a recently developed liquid membrane ion-selective micropipette (ISM). pHo was
      determined during stimulus-evoked neuronal activity, elevated extracellular
      potassium concentration, [K+]o, spreading depression (SD), and complete ischemia.
      In many experiments [K+]o was simultaneously determined. 2. A train of local
      surface stimuli (LOC) produced an initial alkaline shift in pHo from a base line
      of 7.20-7.30 to 7.25-7.35. This was followed by a long-lasting acid phase that
      reached a plateau of 7.05-7.15 after 64 s of stimulation. pHo decrease was
      related to stimulus frequency, intensity, and duration. 3. Superfusion with
      Ringer solution containing manganese ions rapidly abolished parallel fiber
      induced Purkinje cell synaptic depolarization together with the alkaline shifts
      while enhancing the acid shifts. 4. Superfusion of the cerebellar cortex with
      Ringer solution containing increasingly elevated [K+] progressively lowered pHo
      to a plateau of 6.95-7.05. The acidification occurred in the presence of ouabain
      but was reversed on return to the normal [K+]o or with the addition of the
      glycolytic blocker, fluoride. Stimulus-evoked alkaline shifts were enhanced by K+
      Ringer superfusion. These experiments suggested that the acid shift was due to
      the metabolic production of an anion, possibly lactate. 5. Elevation of [K+]o
      above 8-12 mM often produced oscillation in pHo and [K+]o with a period of about
      40 s. Sometimes these oscillations ended in a spontaneous SD or SD could be
      evoked by stimulation. Under these conditions of raised [K+]o, the SD consisted
      of a very pronounced alkaline transient followed by a small, long-lasting acid
      shift. When SD was induced by conditioning the cerebellum with proprionate or
      lowered NaCl, the alkaline phase was reduced and the acid enhanced. 6. Complete
      ischemia began with a progressive decrease of pHo and rise in [K+]o. When [K+]o
      reached 12 mM, a second more rapid rise in [K+]o to 40 mM or more occurred. This
      was correlated with 0.1-0.2 pHo transient increase similar to that seen during
      SD. pHo eventually reached a plateau of 6.60-6.80, close to neutrality. 7.
      Superfusion with Ringer solution containing acetazolamide immediately altered pHo
      homeostasis by increasing base-line pHo by about 0.10 and enhanced the induced
      pHo changes. These results suggest that carbonic anhydrase (CA) is important for
      acute buffering of the brain extracellular microenvironment. 8. The above results
      were interpreted in terms of changes in extracellular strong ion concentration
      differences ( [SID]o), extracellular concentration of total weak acid ( [Atot]o)
      and partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2) in the brain microenvironment. The results
      indicate that neuronal activity produces changes in many of the constituents of
      the microenvironment.

PMID- 6834102
TI  - Transplantation of cricket sensory neurons to ectopic locations: arborizations
      and synaptic connections.
AB  - The cerci (abdominal sensory appendages) of crickets were transplanted to a leg
      stump after amputating the leg. Single identifiable cercal afferents were stained
      and found to regenerate into the host thoracic ganglia. A given neuron always
      arborizes in the same area of neuropil of the foreign ganglion and is distinctive
      in this property from other identified neurons. Taken as a whole, the results
      show that the afferents from the ectopic cercus are spatially ordered, the
      destination of a particular afferent within the ganglion being correlated with
      the location of its sensory cell body on the cercal surface. This is the case for
      the pro-, meso-, and metathoracic ganglion and the topography of these ectopic
      projections bears some resemblance to the normal projections found in the
      terminal ganglion. Thus the insect segmental ganglion seems to possess a set of
      markers which are interpretable by all afferent neurons, and this organization is
      repeated in each ganglion. The ectopic afferents make functional synaptic
      connections with intersegmental interneurons, one of which is described
      anatomically here. However, the ectopic afferents do not, as had previously been
      reported, make functional connections with the medial giant or lateral giant
      interneuron (the normal targets of cercal sensory neurons in the terminal
      ganglion).

PMID- 6834103
TI  - Initial release of [3H]dopamine from rat striatal synaptosomes: correlation with
      calcium entry.

PMID- 6834105
TI  - Electromyographic response to displacement of different forelimb joints in the
      squirrel monkey.
AB  - The electromyographic (EMG) reflex response evoked in muscles stretched by
      imposed angular joint displacement has previously been studied in a variety of
      muscles and species. In most muscles studied, the EMG response consists of an
      initial burst of activity at latencies comparable to tendon tap responses
      followed by one or more bursts of EMG activity occurring at latencies less than
      somatosensory reaction time. The longer latency bursts or peaks of activity have
      often been assumed to be of similar origin in functionally diverse muscles. The
      present experiments were performed to examine the EMG response to imposed joint
      displacement in several different muscles of the squirrel monkey forelimb. The
      EMG was studied in muscles stretched by elbow, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal
      joint extension. Early (M1) and long (M2) latency peaks of activity could be
      observed in the EMG responses of short head of biceps (SHB), flexor carpi ulnaris
      (FCU), and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), at latencies which are similar to
      those reported in other primate species allowing for differences in the size of
      the animals. The intervals between these peaks did not correspond to the period
      of oscillations in tension which occurred after the onset of the joint extension.
      The M2 peak consistently occurred later in SHB than in FCU and FDP. The M1 peak
      was smaller in distal than in proximal muscles and was frequently absent in FDP
      at resting levels of EMG activity. The ratio of M1 to M1 + M2 activity for
      different muscles revealed that proximal muscles had prominent early with less
      prominent long latency activity, whereas distal muscles had minimal early latency
      activity with prominent long latency activity. The onset of EMG activity
      approached tendon tap latencies in FCU at high base line EMG levels but in most
      cases occurred at approximately twice tendon tap latencies in FDP at high base
      line EMG levels. The results demonstrate the presence of significant differences
      between the EMG response to joint displacement in the proximal-distal series of
      forelimb flexors. Differences in the reflex response to joint displacement are
      discussed in view of twitch times and motor unit composition of the muscles
      studied.

PMID- 6834104
TI  - The electromotor system of the stargazer: a model for integrative actions at
      electrotonic synapses.
AB  - The electric organs of Astroscopus are modified from extraocular muscles and
      innervated by the enlarged oculomotor nuclei. The electromotor neuron somata are
      contacted by fine processes with which they form gap junctions. Presynaptic
      vesicles and active zones are also present, although physiological data give no
      indication of chemically mediated transmission. Antidromic stimulation produces
      long lasting graded depolarizations in the electromotor neurons. The latency is
      sufficiently short to indicate that the cells are electrotonically coupled, which
      was confirmed by direct measurement. Antidromic invasion may normally fail and is
      easily blocked by hyperpolarization revealing initial segment and axon spikes.
      Spinal stimulation evokes postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and orthodromic
      impulses; the PSPs are not smoothly graded in amplitude. A medullary nucleus
      innervates the electromotor nucleus; the medullary cells also show short latency
      graded antidromic depolarizations and presumably are electrotonically coupled.
      Their coupling accounts for the variability in PSPs evoked by spinal stimulation.
      Apparent time constants differ greatly for direct stimulation of a single cell,
      decay of afterhyperpolarization, electrotonic spread from one cell to a neighbor,
      and decay of PSPs and graded antidromic depolarizations. The differences can be
      accounted for in terms of a highly interconnected network of electrotonically
      coupled cells, which was simulated computationally. Because of the long membrane
      time constant graded antidromic depolarizations summate. Because antidromic
      invasion is facilitated by depolarization, the antidromic depolarizations can
      show pronounced facilitation. The observed "plasticity" within this
      electrotonically coupled system provides a model for integrative actions at other
      sites of coupling.

PMID- 6834106
TI  - The effect of cortical lesions on the electromyographic response to joint
      displacement in the squirrel monkey forelimb.
AB  - The extent of participation of supraspinal structures in the generation of the
      long latency (M2) electromyographic (EMG) response to imposed joint displacement
      may be reflected in the effect of lesions of the central nervous system. M2
      activity has been reported in a variety of studies to be either present or absent
      following supraspinal lesions. Since other studies have shown different
      characteristics of long latency activity in proximal as compared to distal upper
      limb muscles in primates, the present experiments were conducted to determine the
      effect of motor cortical (area 4) lesions on reflex activity generated in a
      proximal versus a distal upper limb muscle. Chronic experiments were performed on
      squirrel monkeys with unilateral lesions of the forelimb motor cortex (area 4)
      which was mapped with the aid of electrical stimulation. Input-output
      relationships were determined between torque motor-imposed joint rotation and the
      EMG response in the stretched muscles (flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and short
      head of biceps (SHB)). The EMG responses were reported as a percentage of maximum
      EMG output and controlled for base line EMG level. The "gain" (slope of EMG
      response versus torque load) for FDP M2 activity was markedly decreased in the
      limb contralateral to the area 4 lesion as compared to the opposite limb. This
      decrease was independent of base line EMG levels. In SHB, early latency (M1) EMG
      activity was significantly increased, but M2 activity appeared unaffected on the
      side contralateral to the lesion. The results demonstrate that the central and
      peripheral mechanisms generating M2 activity in FDP differ from those in SHB in
      terms of motor cortical dependency.

PMID- 6834107
TI  - Telencephalic enkephalinergic systems in the rat brain.
AB  - The comparative distribution of Leu-enkephalin and an enkephalin precursor
      fragment, BAM-22P, was studied in the rat telencephalon using immunocytochemical
      procedures. Although the enkephalins have previously been localized to
      telencephalic neurons, the use of high doses of colchicine in the present study
      has permitted the visualization of widespread enkephalin-containing systems in
      cortical-limbic regions. Rats were treated intraventricularly with colchicine
      (300 to 400 micrograms) to enhance the visualization of neuronal perikarya. Leu
      enkephalin immunoreactivity was noted in perikarya as well as processes of
      neurons in many telencephalic regions including the olfactory bulb, parolfactory
      areas, olfactory tubercle, basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei,
      amygdala, hippocampal formation, and several paleocortical regions such as the
      piriform, entorhinal, and cingulate cortex, as well as regions of the frontal,
      parietal, and occipital neocortex. In the majority of regions investigated,
      analysis of sections adjacent to those processed for Leu-enkephalin
      histochemistry showed BAM-22P immunoreactivity to be localized to perikarya and
      processes in the same region. These results suggest that brain enkephalin
      positive neurons may possess mechanisms for enkephalin biosynthesis similar to
      those found in adrenal medullary enkephalin cells.

PMID- 6834108
TI  - Circadian rhythms in the Limulus visual system.
AB  - A circadian clock in the Limulus brain generates efferent optic nerve activity at
      night. The endogenous activity begins near dusk, continues during the night, and
      stops near dawn. Approximately 10 to 20 efferent fibers in each lateral optic
      nerve trunk fire in close synchrony with one another and with the efferent fibers
      in the opposite nerve trunk producing bursts of nerve impulses at night. The
      synchronous bursting activity indicates extensive coupling in the brain among the
      efferent neurons or among the circadian pacemakers that drive them. The efferent
      optic nerve activity mediates circadian rhythms in retinal responses.
      Electroretinograms (ERGs) from both the lateral eyes and median ocelli exhibit
      circadian rhythms of equal phase. Sectioning the optic nerves abolishes the
      rhythms. When the animal is kept in darkness, the phase of the rhythm can be
      shifted by illuminating the lateral eyes but not the median ocelli. The
      endogenous rhythm persists for at least 1 year in darkness without attenuation
      and without substantial changes in the circadian period. Across a large
      population of animals the duration of the circadian period ranges from 22.2 to
      25.5 hr, with a mean value of 23.9 +/- 0.7 hr (n = 75). The nighttime increase in
      ERG amplitude represents a 20- to 100-fold increase in retinal sensitivity. Most
      of the increased sensitivity results from an increase in the number of photons
      absorbed by the photoreceptors at night. A small component may be due to an
      increase in gain. Pulses of current delivered to the lateral optic nerve during
      the day mimic the effects of endogenous efferent activity and transform the eye
      to the nighttime state. The Limulus visual system has evolved numerous mechanisms
      for adapting visual sensitivity to daily fluctuations in the photic environment.
      A key to understanding the organization of the visual system is the circadian
      clock and its associated neural circuitry.

PMID- 6834109
TI  - Nicotine stimulates secretion of both catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase
      from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - There is conflicting evidence from studies on sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal
      medulla concerning the morphological and biochemical localization and
      physiological role(s) of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, the
      origin of the AChE released from the adrenal medulla (whether from chromaffin
      cells or splanchnic nerve, or both) has not been firmly established. We have
      examined the efficacy of cholinergic agonists to release endogenous AChE and
      catecholamines (CA) from monolayer cultures of purified bovine adrenal chromaffin
      cells. The nicotinic agonist (nicotine), but not the muscarinic agonist
      (methacholine), released both AChE and CA from the adrenal chromaffin cells. The
      concomitant release of CA and AChE evoked by nicotine was Ca++ dependent with a
      correlation coefficient r = 0.82 (p less than 0.001). The results show that
      adrenal chromaffin cells in vitro, a system free of splanchnic nerve elements,
      can still release AChE. The finding that concomitant release of AChE and
      catecholamines occurs on exposure of the cells to nicotinic agonists suggests
      that released AChE may have a physiological role at neuroeffector junctions.

PMID- 6834110
TI  - Operative management of selected brachial plexus lesions.
AB  - A 12-year operative experience with 171 consecutive patients with severe brachial
      plexus lesions who had at least 1 1/2 years of follow-up review is analyzed.
      Selection for and timing of operation was helped by categorization of each
      individual plexus element as "completely" or "incompletely" injured and as "in
      continuity" or "not in continuity." Results for each element could be given a
      single grade by a system which defined that element's proximal and distal input.
      For most lesions in continuity, an operative delay of several months is advocated
      so that intraoperative electrical evaluation can be used. Thus, in 282 gunshot
      wounded and stretch-injured elements of which 210 were thought to be clinically
      complete, 63 were spared resection because of nerve action potentials (NAP's)
      found at intraoperative testing, and 57 recovered function with only neurolysis.
      Elements resected (120) were confirmed as neurotmetic both by intraoperative
      electrical and subsequent histological studies. Acceptable results were achieved
      in 16 of 24 sutures, in 43 of 89 grafts, and in each of seven split repairs.
      Upper trunk and lateral and posterior cord elements fared better than lower trunk
      and medial cord lesions unless the latter were shown, with evidence of NAP's, to
      be regenerating and could be spared resection. Some stretched elements could,
      however, not be repaired, even though an attempt was made to exclude such cases
      from operation. Lacerations to the brachial plexus where continuity is lost are
      best repaired primarily if the injury is sharp; in this series, 14 of 18 elements
      having such repair recovered, whereas in 37 elements with secondary repair,
      grafts were often necessary and only 50% recovered function. Although associated
      with skin lacerations, 17 elements with complete loss were in continuity, and six
      of these were shown to be regenerating and were not resected. Despite intraneural
      location, large size, and prior operation, many benign tumors (including
      neurofibromas) can be removed without significant loss by use of the surgical
      loupes or microscope and repetitive NAP recording. Surgery for selected brachial
      plexus lesions is worthwhile.

PMID- 6834111
TI  - Brain-tumor imaging using radiopaque perfluorocarbon. A preliminary report.
AB  - Perfluorocarbon, a new tumor-seeking x-ray contrast agent, was injected into
      three rats with experimental brain tumors. After 1 to 3 days the rats were
      sacrificed, and the brains were removed and subjected to x-ray study. All showed
      dense radiopaque areas which correlated with the size and shape of the
      corresponding brain tumors. Conversely, none of the radiograms taken of the brain
      tumor in five rats receiving no perfluorocarbon (control animals) showed similar
      increased density. These findings suggest that perfluorocarbon may serve a useful
      role as a contrast medium for computerized tomography studies of brain tumors in
      man.

PMID- 6834112
TI  - Diagnosis and management of pineal tumors.
AB  - The management of pineal region tumors remains controversial. Advocates of a
      conservative approach emphasize the excellent results of radiotherapy,
      particularly with germinomas, while a number of recent reports have demonstrated
      the safety of direct surgery. In order to improve treatment planning, attempts
      have been made to distinguish the various tumor types by computerized tomography
      (CT) and by the use of markers for germ-cell tumors. This paper reports a study
      of 35 patients with pineal tumors including two ectopic germinomas. Pretreatment
      CT was performed in all 35 patients, and human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha
      fetoprotein levels were assayed in 11. Histological verification was available
      for 33 tumors; the other two were characterized by clinical and CT features plus
      tumor markers. Of the 27 tumor operations, 21 were for a pineal mass and six for
      ectopic germinoma or metastasis. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity was
      minimal, and surgery did not increase the incidence of subarachnoid seeding. Each
      histological type of tumor has a typical appearance on CT scanning, although, in
      the individual case, a firm diagnosis is not always possible. However,
      consideration of CT scans together with the clinical features, cerebrospinal
      fluid cytology, tumor markers, and (if there is still doubt) response to a small
      dose of irradiation will generally allow a specific diagnosis with a high degree
      of probability. In this way, germinomas may be selected for radiotherapy and the
      tumors less likely to respond may be subjected to primary surgery.

PMID- 6834114
TI  - Arterial blood supply of the normal human pituitary gland. An anatomical study.
AB  - A technique for the removal of sphenoid blocks from cadavers and for selective
      injection of the hypophyseal arteries of these specimens is described. Results of
      such injections are presented, with emphasis on the role of the inferior
      hypophyseal artery (IHA). The IHA was found to be the most important artery
      supplying the pituitary gland, and in particular, the structures involved in
      production, transportation, and storage of the antidiuretic hormone. The
      literature pertinent to the arterial blood supply of the normal pituitary gland
      is reviewed.

PMID- 6834113
TI  - Surgical treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer.
AB  - Thirty-five patients underwent surgical resection of brain metastases from non
      oat-cell lung cancer between 1978 and 1981. Twenty-nine patients received
      postoperative radiation therapy to the brain. Twenty-three patients were male and
      12 were female. Intracranial metastases occurred as the initial symptom of
      malignancy in 14 patients, and at varying periods following treatment of the
      primary tumor in 21 patients. The primary tumor and involved nodes were treated
      by definitive surgery in 18 patients, palliative resection and interstitial
      radiation in 10 patients, and by radiation therapy or chemotherapy alone in seven
      patients. The overall median survival time was 14 months. Favorable prognostic
      variables included: 1) absence of local or systemic disease at time of craniotomy
      (median 23 months survival time); 2) aggressive treatment of the primary tumor
      (median 18 months survival time); and 3) metachronous onset of brain metastases
      (median 15 months survival time). These survival data represent a considerable
      improvement over the historical 6 months median period of survival in such
      patients.

PMID- 6834115
TI  - Avoidance of diabetes insipidus in transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. A modified
      technique of selective hypophysectomy.

PMID- 6834117
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in severe head injury.
AB  - Brain-type creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme (CK-BB) was found in the ventricular
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum in a series of 35 patients within 13
      hours following severe head injury. There was a good correlation between total CK
      and CK-BB activities in CSF only. The values found in the CSF appear to be a
      quantitative index of brain dysfunction at admission, and did not correlate with
      intracranial pressure activity. High levels of CK-BB in the CSF correlated with a
      poor outcome, and thus offer a reliable criterion for the assessment of the
      severity of head injury.

PMID- 6834118
TI  - Hemostasis and intracranial surgery.
AB  - Preoperative and postoperative coagulation studies were performed in 25 patients
      undergoing various intracranial surgical procedures. Coagulation abnormalities,
      mostly consisting of an increase of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product
      concentration, either appeared or increased postoperatively in 18 patients. This
      incidence of postoperative appearance or increase of coagulation abnormalities is
      higher than that reported in a comparable study of patients after general
      surgical procedures, and also higher than that of coagulation abnormalities in a
      previous study of patients after blunt head injury. Although the coagulation
      abnormalities after intracranial surgery were usually small, they tended to be
      larger in patients with more extensive intracranial procedures.

PMID- 6834116
TI  - Pregnancy following transsphenoidal resection of prolactin-secreting pituitary
      tumors.
AB  - This report describes 200 women in the childbearing age group with prolactin
      secreting pituitary adenomas treated by transsphenoidal microsurgery. There were
      136 patients with microadenomas (10 mm or less in diameter), 30 with
      macroadenomas, 11 with invasive adenomas, and one with hyperplasia. The overall
      rate for postoperative normalization of serum prolactin was 57%, and it was 72%
      for those patients with microadenomas. Pregnancy was desired by 90 women, and 78
      (84%) became pregnant, although 10 required postoperative bromocriptine to do so.
      Serious postoperative complications were rare, and produced no major morbidity.
      The results of surgery were most favorable in women with microadenomas and
      preoperative serum prolactin levels of 100 ng/ml or less.

PMID- 6834119
TI  - Monitoring of antifibrinolytic therapy following subarachnoid hemorrhage. The
      importance of CSF fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.
AB  - Ten cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured cerebral aneurysm are
      reported. Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) levels were determined
      simultaneously in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at an average frequency of
      1.7 days, extended over periods of 8 to 63 days. Successful antifibrinolytic
      therapy (AFT) correlated with FDP levels in CSF of less than 16 micrograms/ml.
      Five patients failed to respond to AFT. Levels of FDP in the CSF fluctuated
      widely in these five patients, and remained at or above 16 micrograms/ml for most
      of the monitoring period. Blood FDP levels were normal or minimally elevated, and
      could not be used in predicting or preventing rebleeding episodes. A hypothesis
      is presented to explain the significance of the presence of FDP's in CSF. In
      spite of the many techniques employed in monitoring AFT and reviewed in this
      paper, little information has been gained to improve the results and therapeutic
      strategies. Among the different methods available, FDP measurements in the CSF
      have correlated best with rebleeding, and thus may be used in modifying and
      individualizing therapy. Suggestions are given for future studies.

PMID- 6834120
TI  - Early versus delayed heparin reversal after carotid endarterectomy in the dog. A
      scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - The present study investigates the hematological reaction to arterial injury
      during the first 10 minutes after endarterectomy in dogs to determine if heparin
      reversal during this early period predisposes to thrombus formation. Known
      platelet physiology would predict that heparinization during this early period
      would be useful to allow a fibrin-free platelet monolayer to form. After systemic
      heparinization (145 mu/kg) of the experimental animals, 42 endarterectomies were
      performed. Blood flow was then resumed for specific periods of time, and the
      vessels were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Group 1 vessels (from the
      unheparinized control group) revealed mural thrombus formation after 10 minutes
      of blood flow. Group 2 vessels revealed the progressive formation of a fibrin
      free platelet monolayer after 2, 5, or 10 minutes of blood flow resumption under
      systemic heparinization. Group 3 arteries, harvested at 10 minutes, underwent
      immediate (within 1 to 2 minutes after resumption of flow) heparin reversal with
      protamine sulfate, and demonstrated numerous patches of fibrin covering the
      platelet monolayer. Group 4 arteries, studied after 3 hours of blood flow, also
      underwent immediate heparin reversal. Two of these seven specimens had clumps of
      fibrin overlying the platelet monolayer. The Group 5 vessels had heparin reversal
      at 10 minutes, and demonstrated no fibrin overlying the platelet monolayer after
      3 hours of blood flow. This study demonstrates the formation of a fibrin-free
      platelet monolayer over the endarterectomized vessel wall within 10 minutes of
      resumption of flow under systemic heparinization. These findings suggest that
      heparin may safely be reversed following a carotid endarterectomy if one awaits
      the initial critical 10 minutes of blood flow.

PMID- 6834122
TI  - A study of human head vibrations using time-averaged holography.
AB  - Intact human cadaver heads were subjected to vibrations. The resonant frequencies
      over a range of 500 to 3000 Hz were determined. Vibration patterns at three
      frequencies were presented by means of time-averaged holography. The
      displacements were quantified and the highest amplitudes were found in the
      temporal region. Antinode centers were found superimposed on the squamatic
      suture. This method of holographic interferometry allows sensitive deformation
      measurements to be taken on intact human heads or skulls.

PMID- 6834121
TI  - Effects of naloxone on systemic and cerebral responses to experimental concussive
      brain injury in cats.
AB  - This study examined the effects of bolus injections of naloxone hydrochloride, a
      specific narcotic antagonist, on systemic cardiovascular function, intracranial
      and cerebral perfusion pressures, blood gas status, and cortical encephalograms
      (EEG's) in 38 cats after two different grades of experimental brain injury.
      Naloxone had no prolonged effects on uninjured control animals. However, as
      compared to a saline-injected control group, naloxone significantly reversed the
      hypotension and reduction in pulse pressure seen after higher grades of injury.
      These changes persisted for at least 60 minutes after injection and were
      accompanied by increased intracranial and perfusion pressures. More severely
      injured hypotensive cats injected with naloxone also had higher values of
      arterial pO2 and pH, lower pCO2, as well as higher EEG amplitudes. In less
      severely injured normotensive cats, naloxone produced greater effects on
      cardiovascular variables and intracranial pressure when injected 15 minutes
      rather than 45 minutes after injury. These data suggest that endogenous opiates
      may contribute to some instances of hypotension seen after concussive brain
      injury. Levels of endogenous opiates may also increase transiently even with
      lesser degrees of injury not associated with hypotension. The possible clinical
      application of narcotic antagonists to the treatment of head injury is discussed.

PMID- 6834123
TI  - Clinical signs and evoked response alterations associated with chronic
      experimental cord compression.
AB  - Cortical and spinal evoked potentials were used to monitor the effect of
      experimental chronic cord compression in cats. An implantable compression screw
      made it possible to maintain the animals unrestrained. The mean compression
      period was 10 weeks (maximum 16.5 weeks). Compression was increased by stepwise
      tightening of the screw at intervals of 4 to 7 days under ketamine anesthesia.
      Evoked potentials were monitored before and after each compression step with
      repeated recordings, and were analyzed in terms of alterations in amplitude,
      latency, and waveform. Amplitude response curves were plotted where the amount of
      compression at each recording was expressed as a percentage of total compression.
      Changes in spinal evoked potentials occurred rather early (mean 36% of total
      compression), while obvious cortical evoked potential changes appeared rather
      late (mean 91% of total compression). Neurological alterations appeared later
      than alterations in spinal evoked response but prior to alterations in cortical
      evoked response. Thus, alterations in cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in
      the presence of chronic spinal compression indicate a severe degree of
      compression and do not seem to be of diagnostic value in the early detection of
      chronic spinal cord compression. It is suggested that the monitoring of spinal
      rather than cortical evoked responses would be more useful in locating and
      detecting chronic compression spinal cord damage.

PMID- 6834124
TI  - Complete fracture-dislocation of cervical spine without permanent neurological
      sequelae. Case report.
AB  - A case of complete fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine in which
      there were no permanent neurological sequelae is presented. The absence of
      permanent neurological deficits with this type of injury is rare. The primary
      mechanism of injury in this patient was believed to be hyperextension with
      rupture of the ligamentous structures, allowing complete dislocation of the C-6
      body while the posterior elements remained in good alignment due to multiple
      fractures which "decompressed" the spinal cord.

PMID- 6834125
TI  - Suprasellar epithelial cyst. Case report.
AB  - This case report describes an epithelial cyst lying above the diaphragma sellae
      and causing hypopituitarism and chiasmal compression in a 17-year-old girl. The
      epithelial lining of the cyst showed similarities with enteric epithelium rather
      than with "classic" Rathke's cleft. The problem of the true origin of Rathke's
      cleft, and of cysts so labeled, and the possible role played by neuroepithelium
      are discussed briefly.

PMID- 6834126
TI  - Intrasellar mixed germ-cell tumor. Case report.

PMID- 6834127
TI  - Acute hemorrhage into pituitary adenoma with SAH and anterior cerebral artery
      occlusion. Case report.

PMID- 6834128
TI  - Metastasis of prostatic carcinoma to intracranial meningioma. Case report.

PMID- 6834129
TI  - Ectopic meningioma of a finger. Case report.
AB  - A case of an ectopic meningioma in a 67-year-old woman is presented. The tumor
      was located subcutaneously on the little finger of her right hand. Microscopic
      examination revealed a typical psammomatous meningioma with no signs of
      malignancy. The location of this tumor is most unusual, and theories regarding
      its histogenesis are briefly discussed. A neuroectodermal origin is suggested.

PMID- 6834130
TI  - Elastic tissue dysplasia of coiled internal carotid artery in an adult. Case
      report.

PMID- 6834131
TI  - Intraoperative myelography. Technical note.

PMID- 6834132
TI  - Pupillary-sparing third nerve palsy due to aneurysm: a survey of 2419
      neurological surgeons.

PMID- 6834133
TI  - Management of intrauterine hydrocephalus.

PMID- 6834134
TI  - Spontaneous extradural hematoma.

PMID- 6834135
TI  - Tomoscintigraphic assessment of myocardial metabolic heterogenity.
AB  - I-123-omega-heptadecanoic acid (HDA) was evaluated for myocardial scanning in 59
      healthy volunteers and 133 patients, using a 7-pinhole collimator. Early (uptake)
      and late (retention) images were compared visually. Regional HDA elimination was
      also followed semiquantitatively based on the calculation of a retention-over
      uptake ratio, R(phi), derived from the maximal counts/pixel in 60 midventricular
      slice sectors. The healthy heart concentrated HDA homogeneously in all segments
      with no difference between early and late images. The minimal R(phi), taken as
      representative of that myocardium with the best function, was unchanged after
      maximal ergometer stress and with dipyramidole-induced hyperperfusion. A
      circumscribed decreased HDA uptake is the clear-cut criterion for an abnormal
      finding. HDA tomography of the myocardium had an 86% sensitivity for myocardial
      infarcts (MIs) up to 4 wk old, and 83% for myocardial scars (MSs). Comparing
      early and late tomograms, we find a cool-warm sequence more often with acute and
      subacute MIs. A cool-cool or a cold-cold sequence dominated with MSs. HDA
      tomoscintigraphy cannot replace TI-201 for the evaluation of regional coronary
      reserve in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 6834136
TI  - Computer analysis of Tc-99m DPD and Tc-99m MDP kinetics in humans: concise
      communication.
AB  - Technetium-99m DPD and Tc-99m(Sn)MDP were compared regarding the quality of
      skeletal images and the compartmental kinetic data, in two groups of nine normal
      subjects. No difference in scan quality was found. Data derived from
      compartmental kinetic analysis suggest that MDP has a higher bone uptake and a
      lower soft-tissue retention in comparison with DPD.

PMID- 6834137
TI  - A new Cd-115 leads to In-115m radionuclide generator.
AB  - A new column-type Cd-115 leads to In- 115m generator has been developed by
      adsorbing CdI4(-2) on an anion-exchange resin and eluting the In-115m with 0.05 M
      HCl. The In-115m yield of the prototype column is 90% in a volume of 3 ml, with
      Cd-115 breakthrough of less than 3 X 10(-4)%. Over thirty generators with up to
      40 mCi of activity have been produced using components of a commercial Mo-99
      leads to Tc-99m generator system; they behaved like the prototype. In-115m oxine
      prepared from these generators has been used to label canine platelets and to
      image an induced canine thrombus in vivo.

PMID- 6834138
TI  - The investigation of radiopharmaceutical components by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry: the identification of Tc-HIDA and the epimers of Tc-CO2DADS.
AB  - The nature of two technetium-labeled radiopharmaceutical components has been
      established by means of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) in
      combination with carrier-added (CA) and no-carrier-added (NCA) reversed-phase
      high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Negative-ion FABMS was used to
      determine that the epimers of Tc-CO2DADS are the oxo[N,N'-(1-carboxyethylene)-bis
      (2-mercaptoacetimido)]technetate(V) ions; positive-ion FABMS showed that Tc-HIDA
      is bis[N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl-carbamoylmethyliminodiaceto]technetate(III).

PMID- 6834139
TI  - Count-rate variations with orientation of camera detector.
AB  - Variations of count rate with orientation of the detector were investigated.
      Scaled difference images (SDI) were generated from pairs of arrays acquired at
      different detector orientations. The hypothesis tested was that any variations
      could be totally explained by random disintegration noise. We accepted or
      rejected this hypothesis according to the statistical significance of the
      difference between the measured and theoretical means and variances of the SDIs.
      When two images acquired at the same angle were compared, no significant
      differences were noted. Differences were significant between most pairs of images
      obtained at different angular orientations. Cameras with inadequate magnetic
      shielding were more sensitive to orientation effects than those with proper
      magnetic shielding. The mode of variation strongly suggests an interaction with a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 6834140
TI  - Tumor imaging with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 6834142
TI  - In vivo methods for measuring regional glucose metabolic rate (GIMR)

PMID- 6834143
TI  - Cardiac lymphoscintigraphy following closed-chest catheter injection of
      radiolabeled colloid into the myocardium of dogs.

PMID- 6834144
TI  - Potential for lymphoscintigraphy.

PMID- 6834141
TI  - Statistics for nuclear medicine. Part 4: Regression.

PMID- 6834145
TI  - Nitrogen and protein losses in rats during weight reduction with a high protein,
      very low energy diet or fasting.

PMID- 6834146
TI  - Effect of maternal vitamin B-6 deficiency on specific regions of developing rat
      brain: amino acid metabolism.
AB  - Amino acid metabolism may be adversely affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency. The
      effects of a maternal deficiency of vitamin B-6 on concentrations of amino acids
      in substantia nigra (SN), caudate nucleus/putamen (C/P) and cortex (CORT) in
      progeny were studied. Female albino rats were fed diets containing either 0.6
      (deficient) or 7.0 (control) mg pyridoxine x HCl (PN x HCl) per kilogram diet ad
      libitum throughout growth, gestation and lactation. Paralleling a significant
      decrease in body weight, pups in the deficient groups began to show gross
      neurological symptoms of the deficiency at approximately 11 days of age. Analysis
      of brain regions at 15 days of age showed that the deficiency resulted in
      decreased concentrations of alanine and serine in SN, C/P and CORT. Often these
      changes were more pronounced in one or two of the regions analyzed. At 1 and 3
      hours after an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg PN x HCl per kilogram body
      weight into deficient pups, concentrations of cystathionine, leucine, isoleucine,
      valine, alanine and serine in brain regions remained similar to preinjection
      values. However, within 3 hours postinjection, glycine concentrations had
      decreased and were similar to control levels in SN and C/P.

PMID- 6834147
TI  - Effects of maternal vitamin B-6 deficiency on specific regions of developing rat
      brain: the extrapyramidal motor system.
AB  - Progeny of rats deficient in vitamin B-6 exhibit gross neurological symptoms
      during a critical period of brain development, which may be related to
      abnormalities of the extrapyramidal motor system. In this study concentrations of
      the neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) and
      certain amino acids were determined in substantia nigra (SN) and caudate/putamen
      (C/P) in progeny of dams fed diets containing either deficient (D), 0.6 or
      control (C), 7.0 mg pyridoxine x HCl (PN x HCl) per kilogram diet throughout
      growth, gestation and lactation. These measurements in C/P were correlated with
      the number of synapses. Analysis of brains of pups at 15 days of age, which gross
      neurological symptoms were evident in group D, showed that concentrations of GABA
      were decreased in C/P, whereas aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and DA were not
      affected compared to C values. One hour postinjection of PN x HCl, D pups showed
      decreased Glu in C/P and increased Asp in SN and at 3 hours postinjection, GABA
      was increased in SN. Since some synapses in C/P were postulated to be from
      GABAergic striatal interneurons, fewer of these synapses in conjunction with
      decreased GABA in C/P may result in ineffective inhibition of the circuitry of
      C/P in vitamin B-6 deficiency.

PMID- 6834148
TI  - Protein quality and oil digestibility of Lupinus mutabilis: metabolic studies in
      children.
AB  - The nutritional quality of lupins (Lupinus mutabilis) for infants and children
      was evaluated in two sets of balance studies. In the first the digestibility and
      protein quality of diets based on lupin flour, with and without methionine
      supplementation, were compared with those of a control diet consisting of casein,
      sucrose and vegetable oil. Apparent nitrogen absorption from lupin flour (81.8
      and 84.3% of intake) was slightly but significantly less than that during casein
      control periods (87.2 and 86.8% of intake, P less than 0.05 and less than 0.001).
      Apparent nitrogen retention from unsupplemented lupin (15.6 +/- 5.8% of intake)
      was significantly less than that from casein in the corresponding control periods
      (29.8 +/- 4.9%, P less than 0.001); a small but significant (P less than 0.05)
      increase in nitrogen retention was observed during the control period following
      the lupin diet when compared with that preceding it. Methionine supplementation
      of lupin produced a marked improvement in apparent nitrogen retention (to 22.2 +/
      6.9%, P less than 0.05). In the second set of studies the digestibility of lupin
      oil was compared with that of a blend of soybean and cottonseed oils (50:50).
      Excretion of fecal fat (9.8 +/- 3.0% of intake) and fecal energy (6.7 +/- 1.2% of
      intake) with the diet containing lupin oil were similar to those observed with
      the control diet. Both the protein quality and oil digestibility of Lupinus
      mutabilis are very similar to those from soybeans processed in a similar manner.
      For certain countries the lupin could be a valuable source of protein and edible
      oil for human consumption.

PMID- 6834149
TI  - Plasma free amino acids in children consuming lupin protein with and without
      methionine supplementation.
AB  - Plasma free amino acids were measured in the fasting state and 3 and 4 hours
      postprandially in children after 9 days consumption of diets in which lupin
      provided all of 6.4-6.7% protein kcal, either with supplementation of 2%
      (grams/gram protein) DL-methionine (L & Met, n = 9) or with an isonitrogenous
      amount of urea (L & U, n = 10). Fasting concentration of total amino acids (TAA)
      and of essential amino acids (TEAA) and the TEAA:TAA molar ratio did not differ
      between diets. Fasting Met concentration (15 +/- 4 mumol/liter) and the Met:TEAA
      ratio (0.021 +/- 0.005) were markedly depressed after 9 days of L & U.
      Supplementation with Met caused an expected increase of Met concentration (25 +/-
      6 mumol/liter) and the Met:TEAA molar ratio (0.039 +/- 0.007) and a profound
      decrease of Thr concentration (119 +/- 28 to 77 +/- 22 mumol/liter) and Thr:TEAA
      (0.165 +/- 0.027 to 0.124 +/- 0.028). Postprandially after L ", Met and Met: TEAA
      did not change from their low fast ing values. After L rMet, Met and Met:TEAA
      increased significantly relative to fasting values. Threonine concentration
      increased but the Thr:TEAA ratio decreased significantly (0.124 +/- 0.028 to
      0.111 +/- 0.027). These studies confirm Met as the first-limiting amino acid in
      lupin protein and suggest that Thr becomes limiting when Met is provided in
      adequate amounts.

PMID- 6834150
TI  - Intrinsic labeling of chicken products with a stable isotope of selenium (76Se).
AB  - Chicken tissues were intrinsically labeled with a stable isotope of selenium
      (76Se) and were evaluated for use in a human feeding study. Laying hens were fed
      a low Se (0.06 ppm) basal diet for 39 days and then fed the basal diet
      supplemented with 0.3 ppm enriched 76Se (as selenite) for 35 days. Incorporation
      of 76Se into samples was determined by use of a double isotope dilution technique
      and a combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The 76Se content of
      the basal diet was increased by a factor of 9.7 with the addition of the enriched
      stable isotope. This maximal level of enrichment was approached in egg yolk (9.5
      fold) and liver (9.0-fold). Enrichment was lower in egg white (7.2-fold) and
      breast meat (5.0-fold). Level of enrichment in a given tissue reflected both the
      turnover rate of the tissue and its natural selenium content. Selenium-depleted
      laying hens continuously fed 76Se at the 0.3 ppm level produced egg yolks and
      livers that were enriched sufficiently with the stable isotope for use in a human
      metabolic study.

PMID- 6834151
TI  - Effects of high fat and high carbohydrate diets on development of hepatic and
      adipose lipogenesis in fa/fa and non-fa/fa rats.
AB  - Non-fa/fa and fa/fa rats were weaned at 18 days of age and fed either a high fat
      or high carbohydrate diet. At 6 weeks of age some of the rats fed high fat were
      fed the high carbohydrate diet until 10 weeks of age. Food consumption was
      equalized between all treatment groups. Epididymal fat pads were heavier in the
      fa/fa rats in all treatment groups. Fat pad weight and cellularity increased in
      the non-fa/fa rats fed the high fat diet. Cellularity was actually less in the
      fa/fa than in the non-fa/fa rats, but high fat feeding resulted in higher
      proportions of larger adipocytes in both phenotypes. Rates of epididymal fat pad
      lipogenesis and enzymatic activities were similar in both non-fa/fa and fa/fa
      rats in all treatment groups. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis and enzymatic
      activities were consistently greater in the fa/fa rats. Carbohydrate feeding
      resulted in increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis regardless of the earlier
      feeding of the fat diet, but the fa/fa rats were more responsive to the
      carbohydrate diet than the non-fa/fa rats. A delay in introduction of
      carbohydrate to the diet did not alter the eventual lipogenic capacity of fa/fa
      rats. Lipogenesis appeared responsive to the most recent diet.

PMID- 6834152
TI  - Influence of trans unsaturated fats on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.
AB  - To test the effects of trans unsaturated fatty acids (t-FA) on atherosclerosis,
      lipidemia and enzyme activities, rabbits were fed a semipurified, cholesterol
      free diet containing 40% sucrose, 25% casein and 14% fat for 5 months. Two
      experimental diets provided either 6% (high) or 3.2% (low) t-FA. The control
      group was fed a fat of composition similar to the two experimental diets but free
      of t-FA. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in the rabbits fed 6%
      t-FA. Liver glycerides were also elevated in this group. The fatty acids of
      plasma, erythrocytes, epididymal fat, liver microsomes and liver mitochondria
      reflected the dietary composition. Levels of aortic atherosclerosis were
      identical in the three groups. There were no significant differences in activity
      of five hepatic enzymes: glucose-6-phosphatase (microsomal), fatty acid
      synthetase (cytosolic), malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
      and monoamine oxidase (mitochondrial).

PMID- 6834153
TI  - Hypocholesterolemia and growth-depression in chicks fed guar gum and konjac
      mannan.
AB  - Two mannans (guar gum and konjac mannan) were fed to growing chicks at a level of
      2% in a semipurified diet containing 0.5% cholesterol for 4 weeks. The mannans
      were nearly identical in producing growth depression, pancreatic hypertrophy and
      reduction in plasma and hepatic cholesterol when compared to controls fed corn
      starch or the sugars D-galactose or D-mannose. Hepatic triglyceride levels were
      higher for chicks fed konjac mannan, but no significant differences in fasting
      plasma glucose were observed. Apparent metabolizable energy levels for the mannan
      diets were significantly less than those of the other diets. The effects of the
      mannans in this study were not correlated with viscosity measurements made in
      vitro.

PMID- 6834154
TI  - Biliary excretion of 14C-labeled vitamin B-6 in rats.
AB  - The biliary excretion of vitamin B-6 was studied in the intact rat and isolated
      perfused rat liver. In the whole animal, 21% of the radioactivity administered
      intravenously as [14C]pyridoxine was excreted in the urine over 4 hours, whereas
      only 2.1% was recovered in the bile. In the perfused liver, 3% of the
      radioactivity added to the medium was detected in the bile after 4 hours of
      perfusion. These data suggest that biliary excretion and enterohepatic
      circulation of vitamin B-6 probably play only a minor role in the overall economy
      of this vitamin. The concentration of the radiolabeled B-6 compounds in the bile
      of perfused liver was much higher than that in the perfusate and the pattern of
      the distribution of radioactivity among difference B-6 compounds was also
      different. These results suggest that [14C]pyridoxine and its metabolites are
      released separately by the hepatocytes into the bile and the perfusate and that
      paracellular transport of vitamin B-6 is not the predominant pathway for the
      biliary excretion of this vitamin.

PMID- 6834155
TI  - The effect of long-term low protein intake on lipids of rat brain during
      adulthood.
AB  - The effect of experimental protein malnutrition on growth, brain tissue weight
      and lipid composition was studied in male Wistar rats fed isoenergetic diets
      containing 22% (C-22) or 6% protein (PD-6) from 60 days until 240 days of age. At
      240 days of age the mean weight of PD-6 rats was 63% that of control rats.
      Protein malnutrition initiated at 60 days of age affected lipid composition by
      240 days of age. The total content of phospholipids and the
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and
      phosphatidylinositol fractions were not significantly changed in rats ingesting
      the PD-6 diet, but phosphatidylglycerol and sphingophospholipid fractions were
      significantly decreased in the brains of PD-6 rats. Such a diet did not cause a
      statistically significant decrease of the total amount of monogalactosyl
      glycolipid or of most investigated fractions (cerebrosides with hydroxy fatty
      acids, sulfoglycolipids and monogalactosyldiacylglycerols), except for
      cerebrosides with nonhydroxy fatty acids. Long-term, low protein intake did not
      cause a significant decrease in the total ganglioside content, but had an effect
      on the composition of single investigated ganglioside fractions (GM1, GD1a, GD1b
      and GT1a).

PMID- 6834156
TI  - Zinc deficiency teratogenicity: the protective role of maternal tissue
      catabolism.
AB  - The effect of maternal metabolic state on the response to dietary zinc deficiency
      was assessed with the pregnant rat as a model. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed from
      mating to term: 1) a zinc-adequate (100 micrograms/g) control diet ad libitum, or
      2) a zinc-deficient diet (0.7 micrograms/g) ad libitum, or 3) a control diet at
      reduced intake, or 4) a zinc-deficient diet at reduced intake, or 5) a zinc
      deficient diet ad libitum plus additional zinc-deficient diet, fed by intubation,
      to maintain total intake at approximately 14 g/day. Dams receiving the zinc
      deficient diet deposited more zinc (240-330%) into the products of conception
      than was consumed, showing that tissue catabolism is a substantial source of
      zinc. In rats fed the control diet ad libitum only 3% of the zinc consumed was
      deposited into the products of conception. Litters from dams fed the deficient
      diet at restricted levels (resulting in greater tissue catabolism) had fewer
      malformations and resorptions than litters from dams fed the zinc-deficient diet
      ad libitum. Maintenance of total intake of the zinc-deficient diet at 14 g/day by
      intubation resulted in a pronounced drop in voluntary intake. By day 18 of
      pregnancy voluntary intake had almost ceased, following day 18 the rats became
      severely distressed if any zinc-deficient diet was force-fed. Rats fed the zinc
      deficient diet ad libitum also displayed a dramatic fall in voluntary intake
      after day 18 of gestation. These data show that the reduction in food intake
      during zinc deficiency is not due to gustatory influences alone and that
      metabolic state, defined as the balance between anabolism and catabolism, is a
      critical factor in determining the availability of zinc to the litter during zinc
      deficiency.

PMID- 6834157
TI  - Alteration of rat heart sarcolemma lipid composition by dietary elaidic acid.
AB  - Male weanling rats were fed a semisynthetic diet containing 5% of either elaidic
      acid or oleic acid for 4 weeks. The heart sarcolemma were isolated and examined
      for purity by using marker enzymes. The sarcolemma preparations were enriched in
      phosphodiesterase I, 5'-nucleotidase and p-nitrophenyl phosphatase as compared
      with the heart homogenates. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was not detected in
      these preparations. The lipids of sarcolemma fractions from animals fed the trans
      fatty acids were enriched with the fatty acid fed. Most of this incorporation was
      found to be associated with the two major phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine. The incorporation of elaidic acid into the membranes
      resulted in an increase in membrane cholesterol without affecting either membrane
      phospholipid content or profile. The alterations induced in the lipid composition
      of heart sarcolemma by feeding this dietary trans fatty acid suggest some
      functional alterations in these membranes.

PMID- 6834158
TI  - Ocular hazards of light sources: review of current knowledge.
AB  - Retinal damage is the most important hazard from light. There are three types of
      retinal damage classified as structural, thermal and photochemical; damage type
      depends on wavelength, power level and exposure time. Photochemical damage from
      blue light produces solar retinitis and is postulated to accelerate aging which
      leads to senile macular degeneration. The lens protects the retina from blue
      light and near ultraviolet (UV) but at the expense of cataractogenesis. Lens
      removal exposes retina to near UV that is six times more dangerous than blue
      light. Filters are recommended to protect lens and retina from blue light and
      near UV.

PMID- 6834159
TI  - Preemployment multiphasic screening in an urban manpower training program.
AB  - Preemployment health examinations have long occupied a central role in industrial
      medicine, providing company physicians with baseline health status and physical
      limitations for each employee. We evaluated a similar multiphasic screening
      examination in 662 young, minority applicants to an urban manpower training
      program. Resulting from this screening was a substantial number of patients with
      positive serology (1%), positive gonorrhea cultures (3%), excessive daily ethanol
      ingestion associated with liver enlargement (13%), decreased visual acuity (24%)
      and dental caries (23%). These findings are markedly different than those
      reported for preemployment screening in industry, suggesting the need for a
      specific health screening protocol for applicants to manpower training programs.

PMID- 6834160
TI  - Monitoring neurotoxins in industry: development of a neurobehavioral test
      battery.
AB  - To facilitate the early detection of neurotoxicity in workers exposed to
      hazardous substances, we assembled a set of noninvasive neurobehavioral tests
      designed to assess memory, verbal concept formation, visuomotor performance, and
      mood. The tests were administered to an unexposed reference population and
      multivariate prediction equations were developed to control for effects of age,
      gender, and education. To define the briefest test set with appropriate
      sensitivity and specificity, we applied factor analysis and stepwise logistic
      regression to data from our referents and a group of lead-exposed workers. As a
      result, we have identified a comprehensive set of tests that can be administered
      in less than 40 minutes by trained medical technicians on plant premises and used
      to detect the early effects of neurotoxic substances on exposed workers.
      Guidelines for applying this technique to common work-place exposures, including
      other metals and organic solvents, are discussed.

PMID- 6834161
TI  - Effects of grain dust exposure and smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung
      function.
AB  - In four groups of individually-matched subjects (nonsmoking grain workers,
      smoking grain workers, nonsmoking community controls, and smoking community
      controls) we measured pulmonary function variables from the spirogram, from the
      maximal expiratory flow-volume curve breathing air and helium, and from the
      single breath nitrogen test as well as symptom prevalences from a questionnaire
      in order to assess the relative effects of smoking and occupational exposure to
      grain dust in Saskatchewan country grain elevators. There were similar increased
      prevalences of respiratory symptoms and reductions in pulmonary function
      associated with either grain dust exposure or smoking, but the effects of smoking
      were slightly more pronounced. The combined effects of grain dust and smoking on
      lung function appeared to be additive except in the least exposed workers (five
      years or less) where a synergistic effect was observed in tests of peripheral
      airways dysfunction.

PMID- 6834162
TI  - Occupational asthma: a narrower spectrum?

PMID- 6834163
TI  - A study of video display terminal workers.
AB  - Workers who operate video display terminals (VDTs) are sometimes reported to
      experience high levels of physical and psychological distress. In an effort to
      investigate these reports, a study was conducted that compared the responses of
      145 Directory Assistance operators who used VDTs to retrieve listings with 105
      controls who referred to printed paper directories. The comparison was made on
      the basis of a single questionnaire that was administered to both groups. The
      questionnaire asked about the experience of 15 physical discomforts of the sort
      that are sometimes attributed to work with VDTs. There was only one statistically
      significant difference in the incidence of complaint: VDT operators were more
      likely to complain of neck discomfort. On the whole, VDT operators expressed
      greater satisfaction with their jobs than did operators who used paper records.
      VDTs may pose special problems, particularly if they are selected or installed
      without adequate regard for the physical limitations of workers who must use
      them. Several of these problems are discussed.

PMID- 6834164
TI  - The video display terminals--is there a radiation hazard?

PMID- 6834165
TI  - Tonic-phasic-channel dichotomy and Crozier's law.
AB  - The constancy of the dynamic range in a luminance-discrimination task is known as
      Crozier's law; an old rule says that about half of a log unit spans the range
      from a low to a high frequency of seeing. For our conditions the slope of the
      psychometric function is steeper for short than for long test flashes; Crozier's
      law requires a different constant when temporal parameters change. This result is
      substantiated by an analysis of Massof's data [Vision Res. 21,995 (1981)] on the
      variation of the slope of psychometric curves for different wavelengths. The
      change in Crozier's constant between conditions may reflect the presence of more
      than one detection channel. If short test flashes are detected by phasic channels
      and long test flashes by both phasic and tonic channels, then our result implies
      a shorter dynamic range for phasic (Y-cell) than for tonic (X-cell) channels.

PMID- 6834166
TI  - Chromatic induction as a function of wavelength of inducing stimulus.
AB  - Induced chromatic effects were determined for monochromatic, equal-luminance
      inducing stimuli from 460 to 680 nm by using a hue-cancellation procedure. The
      observed red-green-and yellow-blue-induced chromatic-response functions, which
      were different from the prediction based on the opponent-color hypothesis, could
      accurately explain the characteristics of the simultaneous color contrast effect.
      Good linear fits were obtained for the red-green function with a linear
      combination of R and G cones and for the yellow-blue function with a linear
      combination of R and B cones. These findings suggest that the opponent mechanisms
      for color contrast may be different from those for homogeneous color.

PMID- 6834167
TI  - Functional relationship between chromatic induction and luminance of the inducing
      stimulus.
AB  - We determined the functional relationship between chromatic induction and
      luminance of the inducing stimulus for different spatial conditions and assessed
      whether the effects of luminance and spatial variables could be explained in
      terms of the total effective energy in the inducing field. The result showed that
      the relationship between chromatic induction and luminance of the inducing
      stimulus could be mathematically expressed by an exponential function of the
      luminance ratio between the test and inducing stimuli and that the coefficient of
      the exponent was independent of spatial variables, i.e., area and separation.
      This led to the conclusion that a luminance ratio between two fields, rather than
      a quantum energy of the inducing field, was a relevant determinant of the effect
      of luminance of the inducing stimulus on chromatic induction.

PMID- 6834168
TI  - Relationship between chromatic induction and spatial variables: an integrated
      explanation in terms of element-contribution function.
AB  - Chromatic induction as a function of separation and as a function of area was
      determined by a hue-cancellation procedure. Both functions obtained were
      expressed by exponential functions with similar exponential coefficients. This
      led to the derivation of an element-contribution function, based on a linear
      summation model, that could explain both the relationship between chromatic
      induction and separation and that between chromatic induction and area. The
      effects of separation and area on chromatic induction could readily be determined
      in terms of an element-contribution function. In addition, the induction area
      that is due to a blue inducing stimulus was larger than those that are due to the
      other inducing stimuli, suggesting that the summation area of the blue response
      was larger than those of the other chromatic responses.

PMID- 6834169
TI  - Rising costs and falling heroes.

PMID- 6834170
TI  - OSMA public opinion survey assesses attitudes on issues in medicine.

PMID- 6834171
TI  - Report of the American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 6834172
TI  - Chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn.

PMID- 6834173
TI  - Application of in-vitro techniques to determine proliferation in human sarcoid
      lymph nodes.
AB  - Sarcoidosis is suggested to be a granulomatous disease with high-turnover
      characteristics. In this paper the turnover of the inflammatory cells (the
      epithelioid cells) in lymph node granulomas from sarcoidosis patients is
      described. Uniform slices of granulomatous lymph nodes were incubated with 3H
      thymidine; autoradiographically the DNA-synthesizing cells, parameter for local
      proliferation, were detected and the L.I. (labelling index) was determined. We
      observed mostly low-turnover reactions, incidentally granulomas with high
      turnover characteristics are found within the same lymph node. The uptake of 3H
      TdR demonstrates that these granulomas could be in different stages of
      activation.

PMID- 6834175
TI  - The morphological development of di-N-pentyl phthalate induced testicular atrophy
      in the rat.
AB  - Prepubertal rats treated orally with di-n-pentyl phthalate at 2.2 g/kg body
      weight were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hr following a single dose, and after 2, 3
      and 4 days of repeated daily dosing. At 3 hr Sertoli cells in a proportion of the
      seminiferous tubules showed vacuolation of the perinuclear smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum with an associated inward displacement of germinal cells. By 6 hr the
      vacuolation had extended to the apical cytoplasm and was evident in most tubules.
      Early degenerative changes were also apparent in spermatocytes and spermatids and
      were accompanied by an acute interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. By 24 hr,
      germinal cell degeneration was extensive with desquamation and general
      disorganisation of cell layers within the epithelium, but the interstitial
      inflammatory infiltrate had declined. Mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase
      activity in Sertoli cells was reduced at 3 and 6 hr and absent by 24 hr. In
      germinal cells it was unaffected at 3 and 6 hr but absent by 24 hr. Two, three
      and four days of daily phthalate treatment resulted in a gradual depletion of
      germinal cells from all tubules, leaving a Sertoli cell matrix containing a few
      necrotic spermatocytes and occasional normal spermatogonia. The significance of
      the early Sertoli cell changes is discussed.

PMID- 6834174
TI  - Cutaneous basophil associated resistance to ectoparasites (ticks). Electron
      microscopy of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larval feeding sites in actively
      sensitised guinea pigs and recipients of immune serum.
AB  - Electron microscopy has been used to monitor cellular activity in dermal lesions
      elicited by larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus feeding on actively sensitised
      guinea pigs and recipients of immune serum. The early primary response is
      characterised by mononuclear cells, many of which appear to be activated
      fibroblasts. Collagen deposition is enhanced as the reaction progresses.
      Granulocytes of all types appear in the lesion between 18 and 96 hr but they show
      no evidence of degranulation. Free, membrane-bounded eosinophil and basophil
      secretion granules may, however, be identified in the dermis at day 5 or 6, but
      they seem to be liberated as a consequence of cellular disruption, rather than
      active degranulation. Some feeding sites resume a normal morphology by day 7.
      Lesions induced in actively sensitised hosts by a secondary feeding tick
      population are dominated by basophils. These cells begin to infiltrate the dermis
      within 6 hr and they show evidence of anaphylactic degranulation at 12 hr.
      Maximal release of membrane-free secretion granules occurs at about 18 hr post
      attachment, at which time eosinophils become prominent. Degranulating basophils
      show a reduction in numbers from 24 to 96 hr, and phagocytic macrophages ingest
      residual granules and cellular debris. Guinea pigs sensitised with immune serum
      and subjected to challenge exhibit lesions similar to but less dramatic than
      those of actively sensitised and challenged animals. Anaphylactic degranulation
      of basophils occurs both in the dermis and within blood vessels. The
      immunological consequences of these events are discussed in relation to other
      models of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.

PMID- 6834176
TI  - Functional abnormalities in the beige mouse eosinophil assessed using T. spiralis
      as a target.
AB  - These studies on eosinophils from beige mice have shown that such cells possess
      morphologically abnormal granules and that they also have an impaired capacity to
      interact in vitro with a non-phagocytosable target such as the infective larva of
      Trichinella spiralis. However, beige mice with these functionally abnormal
      eosinophils are able to control a T. spiralis infection as well as the normal
      heterozygote mice. A morphological study of beige eosinophils revealed the
      presence of structurally distinct lysosomal secretion granules. Some resembled
      granules in normal eosinophils while others were grossly enlarged and contained
      multiple crystalloids. When these peritoneal eosinophils were allowed to interact
      with T. spiralis in vitro in the presence of specific antibody and/or complement,
      they behaved differently. Cells containing only large granules adhered loosely
      and temporarily; they were not observed to degranulate. In contrast, cells
      containing a mixture of granules, or only small granules were able to adhere and
      degranulate. Despite the defects in the eosinophils of beige mice, the course of
      an infection with the nematode parasite T. spiralis in beige animals was similar
      to that in normal animals. Therefore, if eosinophils are crucial in the control
      of this infection as suggested from other studies, the defect in beige
      eosinophils is not sufficient to prevent an apparently normal response to the
      parasite.

PMID- 6834177
TI  - Collagen production by human mesothelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Serous effusions from a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions were
      found to contain cells which had the morphological, histochemical and
      ultrastructural characteristics of mesothelial cells. In culture they were the
      predominant cell type and synthesised large quantities of the interstitial
      collagens type I and III, with the proportion of type III frequently approaching
      or exceeding 50 per cent. There was no evidence that they synthesised basement
      membrane collagen chains of type IV or type V. Since mesothelial cells are
      assumed to secrete the mesothelial basement membrane, the synthesis of
      interstitial collagens by desquamated mesothelial cells appears to reflect a
      change in the phenotype of collagen synthesis. We suggest that this change may be
      an important factor in the fibrosis of the serosal wall which frequently
      accompanies diseases with chronic serious effusion.

PMID- 6834178
TI  - Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus
      monkeys and marmosets.
AB  - Guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets were infected with L. pneumophila in
      small particle aerosols. Fever and acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia resulted. The
      lesions involved distal lung tissue only, spreading from terminal and respiratory
      bronchioles and producing heavy infiltration of alveoli by polymorphs and
      macrophages and widespread exudation of oedema fluid and fibrin. Lesions were not
      found in extra-pulmonary sites.

PMID- 6834179
TI  - Prognosis in breast cancer patients with tumour cells in the efferent vessels of
      their axillary nodes.
AB  - The presence of tumour cells in the efferent vessels of the axillary nodes of
      breast cancer patients is termed efferent vascular invasion (EVI). The EVI status
      had been recorded in 112 cases which have now been followed for a mean of 120 +/-
      8 months. At the start of the 10th year 17 per cent. of the EVI positives cases
      were alive, compared to 54 per cent. of the EVI negative. The EVI status has thus
      strong prognostic implications. It can be recorded in association with primary
      treatment on routine histological examination. No special equipment is required.

PMID- 6834180
TI  - The potential aggressiveness of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6834181
TI  - An autoradiographic study of the cell proliferation during involution of the rat
      pancreas.
AB  - After ligation of the rat pancreas, DNA synthesis in centoacinar cells and cells
      of the intercalary ducts, proximal and distal to the ligature, was suppressed for
      about 18 hr. This preceded a large increase in thymidine labelling of the nuclei
      of these cells. The increase in the thymidine indices was much greater and more
      prolonged in the distal pancreas where duct-like structures were formed that
      replaced the acini. DNA synthesis in acinar cells proximal to the ligature was
      suppressed for 36 hr preceding an increase in the thymidine indices much smaller
      than that in the duct cells. DNA synthesis in acinar cells distal to the ligature
      ceased and the acinar cells progressively died. We propose that the pancreas is
      composed of proliferative units, each comprising acinar cells, centroacinar cells
      and intercalary ducts, which react as a whole when acinar cell loss occurs in
      pathological processes.

PMID- 6834182
TI  - A quantitative histomorphologic analysis of lymph node granulomas in Sarcoidosis
      in relation to radiological stage I and II.
AB  - In a detailed study of granulomas in lymph nodes of 19 patients with Sarcoidosis
      we assessed and correlated a number of features, with size, development and
      radiographic staging of the disease. Except with the epithelioid cells the number
      of constituent cells (lymphocytes, giant cells and polymorphs), size, confluency
      and degree of necrosis of the granulomas were found to be very variable within a
      single gland. This indicates that the granulomas are in different stages of
      activity at a given time. All the features studied showed little or no
      correlation with the radiographic staging, which suggests that the latter is not
      a good index of the extent of the disease.

PMID- 6834183
TI  - Long-term follow-up of surgery for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and
      children.
AB  - Surgery for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children has been shown to be
      safe and effective, but long-term results of the surgery have not been
      investigated. Because studies in adults show objective evidence of recurrent
      reflux five years postoperatively, we recalled 25 children for long-term follow
      up of surgery. The preoperative symptoms of vomiting, apnea, pneumonia, and
      hematemesis were permanently controlled in all patients. Failure to thrive was
      reversed in all patients except those with multiple malformations. Extended
      esophageal pH monitoring revealed only one patient with symptomatic recurrent
      reflux. As a group, the children had significantly less reflux as measured by
      extended pH monitoring than did controls. Thirty-six percent of patients had mild
      to moderate symptoms of gas bloat. Thirty-two percent were described as very slow
      to finish most meals. Twenty-eight percent were unable to burp or vomit. Twenty
      five percent choked on some solids. These symptoms did not correlate with the
      type of operation performed. Long term outcome of antireflux surgery in children
      is better than in adults.

PMID- 6834184
TI  - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis in childhood.
AB  - We report 10 children with chronic relapsing pancreatitis. These patients can be
      divided into three groups, based on their clinical history, manifestations, and
      radiographic findings. Group 1 includes four patients with hereditary
      pancreatitis; these patients have had recurrent abdominal pain since early
      childhood, and have a positive family history for pancreatitis. Group 2 includes
      two patients with clinical and radiographic findings similar to those in patients
      with hereditary pancreatitis but without a family history of pancreatitis. Group
      3 includes four patients with fibrosing pancreatitis who had symptoms and signs
      of obstructive jaundice. Our report emphasizes three points: (1) that chronic
      pancreatitis does occur in young children and is most commonly caused by
      hereditary pancreatitis or fibrosing pancreatitis; (2) that endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatiography is a safe and valuable tool for the study of pancreatic
      and common bile ducts; and (3) that surgical intervention is indicated to drain
      the pancreatic duct in patients with hereditary pancreatitis, and sphincterotomy
      is an effective therapy for patients with fibrosing pancreatitis.

PMID- 6834185
TI  - Effect of mild iron deficiency on infant mental development scores.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of short-term iron therapy on developmental test scores
      of infants with varying stages of iron deficiency, 37 infants, all 15 months of
      age, were tested with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development before and 11 days
      after beginning a trial of orally administered iron therapy. They were separated
      into three groups according to iron status: 12 controls, with normal iron
      nutrition; 11 with mild anemia, i.e., hemoglobin less than 11.0 gm/dl but greater
      than 8.5 gm/dl; and 15 with iron deficiency without anemia, i.e., Hgb greater
      than or equal to 11.0 gm/dl but at least one abnormal biochemical measure of iron
      nutrition (transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, or serum
      ferritin). The Mental Development Index was significantly lower in the anemic
      infants before treatment, as compared with that of normal controls. Improvement
      with iron therapy was also significant in those with anemia and in nonanemic
      patients with two or more biochemical indicators of iron deficiency. The rise in
      Mental Development Index was associated with improvement in attention span and
      cooperativeness. These findings suggest that mild iron deficiency has an effect
      on infant behavior that is rapidly reversible with iron therapy.

PMID- 6834186
TI  - Lead and the relationship between maternal and child intelligence.
AB  - Using regression analysis, we show that the IQs of children with elevated levels
      of dentine lead (greater than 20 parts per million) are below those expected,
      based on their mothers' IQs. Moreover, the amount by which a child's IQ falls
      short of the expected value increases with increasing levels of dentine lead in
      what may be a nonlinear fashion. Although lead level contributed nothing to the
      prediction of IQ for children with low levels of dentine lead (less than 10 parts
      per million), it rivaled maternal IQ in importance as a predictor in the group
      with elevated lead values. Thus for schoolchildren with lead burdens in the
      highest decile of the distribution for the urban area we sampled, the usual
      relationship between maternal and child IQ appears to be disrupted in a manner
      systematically related to lead levels in dentine.

PMID- 6834187
TI  - Clinical heterogeneity in 80 home-reared children with cri du chat syndrome.
AB  - A population of 80 home-reared children with cri du chat syndrome was
      investigated to document the clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome and to
      analyze the factors influencing the severity of the phenotypic characteristics.
      When individuals with isolated deletions were compared with those possessing
      unbalanced translocations involving other chromosomes in addition to number 5,
      the latter group had a greater incidence of physical anomalies, more frequent
      hospitalizations, and a higher mortality. Chronic complaints in both groups
      included upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, and a previously
      unrecognized association with gastrointestinal tract anomalies. In children with
      terminal deletions, there was a significant negative correlation between the size
      of the deletion and the individual's intelligence quotient. In addition, patients
      with larger deletions had more severe growth retardation, particularly with
      respect to the degree of microcephaly. The gradual progression with age of the
      characteristic facial features remained consistent regardless of differing racial
      backgrounds and the size of the deletion. Our findings delineate the variation in
      the clinical and karyotypic features of this syndrome.

PMID- 6834188
TI  - Respiratory complications of achondroplasia.
AB  - Nine patients with achondroplasia who were seen over a three-year period
      developed significant respiratory complications. Eight had sleep-disordered
      breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea in five, for which two required
      tracheostomy. Of the seven patients with significant hypoxemia, five had clinical
      evidence of cor pulmonale and recurrent pulmonary infiltrates. Two patients died,
      one with autopsy findings of compression of the medulla at the level of the
      foramen magnum and one with respiratory and cardiac failure. Appropriate therapy
      for our patients depended on recognition of the mechanisms that led to the
      respiratory complications, including (1) chest deformity, (2) upper airway
      obstruction and sleep-disordered breathing, (3) neurologic complications, and (4)
      coincidental chronic pulmonary conditions such as asthma.

PMID- 6834189
TI  - Miller-Dieker syndrome: lissencephaly and monosomy 17p.
AB  - Miller-Dieker syndrome, which includes lissencephaly and a characteristic
      phenotypic appearance, has been reported to have an autosomal recessive pattern
      of inheritance. However, we have found abnormalities of chromosome 17 in two of
      three unrelated patients with this syndrome, one with a ring chromosome 17 and
      the other with an unbalanced translocation resulting in partial monosomy of
      17p13. A review of the literature revealed five additional patients in three
      families, who had Miller-Dieker syndrome and an abnormality of 17p. Thus, we
      propose that monosomy of distal 17p may be the cause of Miller-Dieker syndrome in
      some patients.

PMID- 6834190
TI  - A spectrum of gyral anomalies in Miller-Dieker (lissencephaly) syndrome.
AB  - Four unrelated patients who had the clinical appearance of Miller-Dieker
      syndrome, also called lissencephaly syndrome, were studied. All four had a
      typical clinical course with failure to thrive, severe psychomotor retardation,
      opisthotonos, seizures, and death early in life. None of these children had
      lissencephaly, the anticipated central feature of this disorder. One of the four
      had pachygyria, one had polymicrogyria, and two had both pachygyria and
      polymicrogyria. The brain weights were normal to decreased. The ventricles were
      dilated in all cases. The cerebral cortex was thickened in each, with decreased
      white matter and diminution or distortion of the cellular layers, and there were
      neuroglial heterotopias. The corpus callosum was partially absent in one and
      thinned in three. The neuropathy found in these children with Miller-Dieker
      syndrome suggests a spectrum of gyral anomalies resulting from a single type of
      embryonic error.

PMID- 6834191
TI  - Holoprosencephaly in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - We report seven infants of diabetic mothers, affected with holoprosencephaly
      malformation sequence. An additional 15 cases assembled from personal
      communications and the literature indicate that holoprosencephaly, like neural
      tube, cardiac, and caudal defects, is specifically increased in children of
      diabetic mothers. Incidence figures from newborn surveys demonstrate a risk for
      holoprosencephaly in infants of diabetic mothers comparable to the 1% risk for
      caudal regression malformation sequence. The embryologic timing of cranial,
      cardiac, and caudal defects emphasizes the need for pregnancy planning and
      diabetes control.

PMID- 6834193
TI  - Parent to infant bonding: setting the record straight.

PMID- 6834192
TI  - Dentine lead and IQ: interpretation of results of residuals analysis.

PMID- 6834195
TI  - Siblings with Weaver syndrome.

PMID- 6834194
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease in children with cholestasis: A
      prospective study.

PMID- 6834197
TI  - A syndrome of congenital thrombocytopenia with multiple malformations and
      neurologic dysfunction.

PMID- 6834196
TI  - Oligohydramnios and extrarenal abnormalities in Potter syndrome.

PMID- 6834198
TI  - Relative granulocytosis in childhood typhoid fever.

PMID- 6834199
TI  - Stroke in neonates.
AB  - Five neonates with large cerebral infarctions of arterial origin are presented.
      Four had severe focal seizures on the first day of life. The fifth, a premature
      infant, was asymptomatic. The diagnoses were made by computed tomography (CT)
      scans between 5 and 12 days of life; CT scans obtained in the first few days of
      life were normal. In the fifth infant, the infarct was hemorrhagic and was also
      noted by cranial ultrasound. Three of the infants had a history of trauma to the
      head or neck during labor and birth. Only one was severely asphyxiated at birth.
      Two apparently are doing well at 1 year of age. Cerebral infarcts of arterial
      origin in neonates probably have been missed in living patients in the past, but
      now are recognized in the newborn period by properly timed CT examination.

PMID- 6834200
TI  - Follow-up of infants of less than 1500 gm birth weight with antenatal isoxsuprine
      exposure.

PMID- 6834201
TI  - Early prediction of chronic lung disease by pulmonary function testing.

PMID- 6834202
TI  - Accelerated degradation of essential fatty acids as a complication of
      phototherapy.

PMID- 6834203
TI  - Candida tropicalis pyelonephritis successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine and
      surgery.

PMID- 6834204
TI  - Potentiation of magnesium sulfate--induced neuromuscular weakness by gentamicin,
      tobramycin, and amikacin.

PMID- 6834205
TI  - Effects of psychological preparation on children hospitalized for dental
      operations.
AB  - We studied the effect of preoperative preparation on stress reduction in children
      hospitalized for dental surgery under general anesthesia. Participants were 45
      children, 3 and 4 years of age, with no previous hospital-surgery experience and
      no history of medical or psychological conditions requiring special care.
      Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: control,
      receiving no preoperative preparation; unrelated play therapy, receiving a
      preoperative play session unrelated to hospital or surgical procedures; and
      related play therapy, receiving a preoperative play session focusing on hospital
      and surgical procedures. Subjects' behavior was assessed using behavior
      observation scales for cooperation and upset at seven stress points: admission,
      nurse's examination, pediatric medical examination, blood test, preoperative
      injection, transfer to surgery, and induction. The related play therapy group was
      more cooperative and less upset than either the unrelated play therapy group or
      the control group across stress points. No significant heart rate differences
      were found among the three groups. The results suggest that play therapy related
      to hospital and surgical procedures can alleviate stress and anxiety in 3- and 4
      year-old children.

PMID- 6834206
TI  - Williams syndrome and growth hormone deficiency.

PMID- 6834207
TI  - Auditory brainstem response as screening tool.

PMID- 6834208
TI  - Treatment of enuresis.

PMID- 6834209
TI  - Hypothermia, alkalosis, and barbiturate clearance.

PMID- 6834210
TI  - Autosomal dominant microcephaly.

PMID- 6834212
TI  - In-process verification of closure seal integrity.

PMID- 6834211
TI  - Biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization: performance evaluation.

PMID- 6834213
TI  - Advances in blood component separation and plasma treatment for therapeutics.

PMID- 6834214
TI  - Recent advances in parenteral drug delivery systems.

PMID- 6834215
TI  - Measurement of ethylene oxide and water vapor in powders during sterilization.

PMID- 6834216
TI  - Determination of ethylene oxide in "12/88" sterilizing gas mixture by infrared
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 6834217
TI  - Parametric pumping--a unique separation science.

PMID- 6834218
TI  - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in children: report of two cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - In this article, we report two new cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in children
      and review the literature over the past twenty years. This series of 70 cases
      demonstrates that the clinical pictures observed in children are similar to those
      of adults. Rectal prolapse or extrusion of polyps can be the clue to the
      diagnosis at an early age, even in the absence of pigmentation, which can appear
      later. Gastroduodenal polyps were strikingly frequent in the less than or equal
      to 16-yr-old group (62%) a circumstance that can create operative difficulties.
      Five out of the 70 patients (7.14%) had tumors during childhood (two
      gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, two ovarian and one testicular neoplasms). A
      higher risk of tumor development in these patients does exist either as a result
      of degeneration of the polyps or of a genetic predisposition. Whenever operation
      becomes necessary, a very cautious approach must be advised in order to preserve
      as much intestinal length as possible in these patients, who have a lifelong
      disease which may require repeated operations.

PMID- 6834219
TI  - Rectosigmoid perforation and intestinal evisceration from transanal suction.
AB  - Transanal suction injuries were sustained in 1981 by five children when they sat
      upon uncovered swimming area drain sites. Tears of the rectosigmoid areas
      occurred in each with associated evisceration and loss of substantial amounts of
      small intestine because of mesenteric separation. These cases are reviewed.

PMID- 6834220
TI  - Inadequate pouch emptying following Martin's pull-through procedure for
      intestinal aganglionosis.
AB  - Diarrhea is an expected problem following Martin's operation. Its cause is
      obvious. With medical management, the phase of intolerance to enteral feeding can
      be bridged. Adaptation is usually reached within 3-6 mo of surgery. This is
      confirmed by our experience with five patients treated in this manner. In two
      further patients, episodic bouts of diarrhea continued to mar their recovery. It
      was then appreciated that this was related to pouch content stasis. The
      nonoperative management of this complication proved unsuccessful. A death at 20
      mo post-pull-through due to "enterocolitis" and an operation 13 mo post-pull
      through to repair an acute pouch perforation followed. Attention is drawn to this
      complication. The following points aimed at preventing stasis, which in our
      series has been the most difficult problem to treat, are made: a low anal
      anastomosis--0.5 cm above dentate line; limit pouch size; and use normally
      innervated bowel. With the use of these changes, early postoperative diarrhea may
      be difficult to control. For this reason it is proposed that parenteral feeding
      be used routinely in the immediate postoperative period, and, as rapid fluid loss
      is better tolerated, surgery be deferred until the patient is 8 mo or more of
      age.

PMID- 6834221
TI  - A review of thermal injuries in young children.
AB  - A group of 472 children under 3 yr of age were treated for thermal injuries in a
      5-yr period; 65% were boys. Injuries were due mainly to scalding (82%) and
      involved predominantly the upper part of the body. Full thickness skin loss
      resulted in 30% of cases, and skin grafting was needed in 29%. Forty-two episodes
      of infection arose, and 50 patients (11%) developed other complications-
      hyperpyrexia, respiratory problems, fluid imbalance and convulsions were the
      commonest. The mortality rate was 1% (4 cases) and the mean duration of stay in
      hospital was 17 days. The plan of management is outlined with emphasis on the
      essential differences in treatment of young children, and the results are
      reported.

PMID- 6834222
TI  - Multiple arterial aneurysms.
AB  - An 8 1/2-yr-old boy presenting with excruciating abdominal pain had two abdominal
      aortic aneurysms excised. Angiography demonstrated additional aneurysms of the
      right brachial artery, right renal artery, right internal iliac artery and
      multiple aneurysms of the right popliteal and tibialis posterior arteries. The
      patient does not suffer from any of the conditions generally recognized to be
      associated with aortic and multiple arterial aneurysms. No similar case could be
      found in the English language literature.

PMID- 6834223
TI  - Influence of primary tumor site on lymphocyte antitumor activity.
AB  - Clinical Stage IV-S neuroblastoma involving a primary, the liver, bone marrow,
      and/or skin has a favorable prognosis despite a considerable tumor burden. In a
      pilot experiment utilizing mouse C 1300 neuroblastoma, we demonstrated that
      animals receiving tumor to IV-S sites had a prolonged survival. To analyze the
      role which liver modulation of tumor might play in an immunologically mediated
      host-antitumor response, we applied an in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis assay.
      Host-tumor response as reflected by blastogenesis and as quantified by tritiated
      thymidine incorporation into DNA demonstrated that normal lymphocytes were
      stimulated to a greater degree by subcutaneous site tumor than by tumor from the
      liver (260.7 +/- 71.9 vs. -54.2 +/- 194.3 CPM, p less than 0.05). Sensitized
      lymphocytes harvested from liver tumor bearers demonstrated a greater response
      when admixed with subcutaneous tumor in vitro (771.9 +/- 300.4 vs. 45.9 +/- 277.5
      CPM, p less than 0.05) and sensitized lymphocytes harvested from subcutaneous
      tumor bearing animals also demonstrated more in vitro blastogenesis to
      subcutaneous tumor (577.9 +/- 200.2 vs. 98.9 +/- 154.1 CPM, p less than 0.05).
      However, host lymphocytes were themselves comparably reactive whether they were
      harvested from liver tumor or subcutaneous tumor donors (771.9 +/- 300.4 vs.
      577.9 +/- 200.2, p = NS). These data suggest that lymphocytes in contact with
      murine liver neuroblastoma respond less well than when in contact with
      subcutaneous site tumor, a form of afferent blockade which may account for the
      propensity of the liver to serve as a site for metastatic disease.

PMID- 6834224
TI  - Intractable diarrhea in children with VIP-secreting ganglioneuroblastomas.
AB  - This paper describes two children with diarrhea, hypokalemia, and VIP-secreting
      ganglioneuroblastomas, and includes further evidence that VIP is the cause of the
      loose stools among patients with such tumors. It suggests that the level of this
      peptide should be measured in pediatric patients with intractable diarrhea of
      unknown etiology. Clinicians have long recognized intractable diarrhea as an
      occasional feature of neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma or ganglioneuroma.
      Until recently catecholamine was thought to cause the frequent stools in some
      patients with these tumors. New radioimmunoassay methods, the identification of
      new hormones and hormone-like substances, and the discovery that some of the
      tumors which cause diarrhea secrete Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), make it
      probable that this substance is responsible for the diarrhea in such patients.

PMID- 6834225
TI  - Thoracic neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroma.
AB  - The Executive Committee of the B.A.P.S. instituted a collaborative study of
      patients with thoracic neuroblastoma treated by members in the British Isles. The
      study covers patients diagnosed in the decade 1970-1979. There is clear evidence
      of thoracic disease in all patients reported but there is a problem in defining
      whether the thoracic disease is primary or part of disseminated disease. In 9 of
      the deaths the thoracic component at presentations seems likely to be part of a
      generalised disease without definition of a primary site. Overall mortality in
      this series is 35% indicating the better prognosis of the patients presenting
      with thoracic neuroblastoma compared to other primary sites. If the 9 patients
      considered to have generalised disease are excluded then the mortality in this
      collected series is 22% (10 of 45). The investigations and management are
      outlined and the complications of therapy are considered.

PMID- 6834226
TI  - The effect of fetal urine on the development of the bowel in gastroschisis.
AB  - A gastroschisis model was successfully developed in the chicken embryo. The
      embryologic anatomy of this laboratory animal enabled the inducement of an
      abdominal wall defect, whereby the eviscerated abdominal contents were not
      exposed to fetal urine. A total of 999 embryos underwent a surgical intervention
      at an early developmental stage, from the 5th-8th day of the incubation period.
      Twenty-four hour mortality was 7%. Surgery carried out on the 5th day resulted in
      the largest number of survivors, 25% of the induced lesions had healed and
      gastroschisis did not occur. The characteristic picture of gastroschisis only
      evolved when the herniated bowel was exposed to urine components. Histologic
      studies were carried out with the aid of various staining techniques to determine
      the development and distribution of the enteric ganglia in experimental
      gastroschisis. Contrary to similar studies that would point to damage of enteric
      ganglion cells as being responsible for the delay in intestinal motility, no
      ganglionic injury was noted in our bowel studies.

PMID- 6834227
TI  - Colon interposition or gastric tube? Follow-up study of colon-esophagus and
      gastric tube-esophagus patients.
AB  - Between 1963 and 1980, 34 elective esophageal reconstructions were performed on
      29 esophageal atresia patients. Five patients needed two reconstructions. Among
      20 colon replacement procedures there were 2 early deaths and three transplants
      failed. In 14 gastric tube reconstructions there was no mortality, but two tubes
      failed. The mean follow-up age of the 15 colon esophagus patients was 11.8 yrs,
      while for the 12 gastric tube patients it was 5.6 yrs. One death occurred during
      the follow-up period in each group. Late complications occurred in 7/15 of the
      colon and 3/12 of the gastric tube groups. Most of the serious complications
      occurred within 3 yr after surgery. The previously reported malabsorption
      following colon interposition seemed to be transient. At follow-up all but 3
      patients with no significant other anomalies were within two standard deviations
      of the mean of height and weight. All were satisfied with their new esophagus.
      Nine out of 14 of the colon and 7/11 of the gastric tube groups were without
      symptoms, the others having only minor complaints. It is concluded that both
      colon replacement and gastric tube are satisfactory methods for esophageal
      reconstruction, and the long-term function seems equally good. However, the
      gastric tube procedure is easier to perform, has less mortality and fewer
      complications than colon replacement.

PMID- 6834229
TI  - Blue Rubber Bleb Nevi as a cause of intussusception.
AB  - The Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a
      distinctive type of hemangioma which involves the skin and the gastrointestinal
      tract. In the latter location, these lesions are often responsible for chronic
      blood loss and secondary anemia, and in rare situations may act as a leading
      point for an intussusception. The diagnosis of intussusception in children older
      than 3 or 4 yr is frequently difficult and delayed. In a child with typical skin
      lesions of the Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus syndrome, an acute illness with
      manifestations of intestinal obstruction should indicate the possibility of an
      associated intussusception.

PMID- 6834228
TI  - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: a visceral myopathy.
AB  - Two newborn infants with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis
      syndrome are described. Review of the literature revealed twenty previously
      reported cases of this syndrome. Electron microscopic examination of the ileum
      and urinary bladder showed vacuolar degenerative changes in the smooth muscle
      cells with abundant amount of connective tissue between the muscle cells. These
      ultrastructural findings suggest that a degenerative disease of smooth muscle may
      be the cause of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.

PMID- 6834230
TI  - Posterior urethral valves in the British Isles: a multicenter B.A.P.S. review.
AB  - The management of 108 patients with posterior urethral valves from 7 pediatric
      surgical centers has been reviewed. All the patients have been treated in the 10
      year period since 1970. 53 were under 3 mo of age at presentation (Group I), 8
      between 3 mo and 1 yr (Group II), 22 between 1 and 5 yr (Group III), and 25 over
      5 yr of age (Group IV). Under 5 yr of age urinary infection (37) and renal
      failure (22) were the commonest methods of presentation. Over 5 yr of age diurnal
      and nocturnal enuresis were the commonest symptoms. Endoscopic fulguration of the
      valves with or without preliminary catheter drainage has been the treatment of
      choice. Repeated fulguration of residual valve cusps was often required. The
      incidence of urethral stricture (2 patients) was highest after the use of the
      resectoscope. Refashioning and reimplantation of the ureters is associated with a
      high complication rate and is not recommended. Secondary operations on the
      bladder neck have been avoided in this series due to the risk of incontinence. 8
      patients died (7.4%) and 7 of these deaths occurred in patients presenting under
      3 mo of age. One patient died from renal failure 7 yr after the diagnosis of
      posterior urethral valves at 2 yr of age. It is suggested that the high mortality
      from renal failure in the group presenting early is related to renal dysplasia.

PMID- 6834231
TI  - Experimental production of rectal stenosis and atresia in the rabbit.
AB  - Clinical reviews have suggested that there are different causes for the various
      types of anorectal atresia and stenosis. Such inferences have primarily been
      based upon the presence or absence of associated fistulas and other anogenital,
      urinary, and more remote congenital defects. Rectal stenosis and atresia of the
      middle and/or upper third of the rectum were produced in 27 of 38 rabbit feti
      subjected to partial to complete interruption of the blood supply to the
      rectosigmoid colon between the 24th and 26th day of gestation. Such experimental
      feti were located in the right tube, while a sham laparotomy was performed during
      the same maternal operation on 26 feti located in the left tube. An additional
      undisturbed 28 feti were available in both tubes to serve as controls. No other
      anomalies were produced in any group. These findings suggest that local ischemia,
      occurring late during fetal life, may well be the mechanism responsible for the
      creation of rectal stenosis and atresia of the middle and/or upper rectum.

PMID- 6834232
TI  - An MMPI subscale (Gd): to identify males with gender identity conflicts.
AB  - This study reported on the development and cross-validation of a 31-item MMPI
      Gender Dysphoria subscale (Gd) which accurately discriminates between gender
      identity patients and matched controls, and identifies males with gender
      dysphoria syndrome. Both the validity and reliability of the Gd scale has been
      demonstrated and there is every expectation that the scale has excellent
      potential for clinical usage. In the construction of the Gd scale, we have
      addressed the major methodological problems of previous studies which have used
      psychological tests to assess gender role and identity disturbances: small
      criterion groups, a lack of an appropriate control group, and prediction of too
      many false positives.

PMID- 6834233
TI  - MMPI characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.
AB  - This study explored the characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder
      classification, specified in DSM-III. MMPI profiles of 29 male veteran inpatients
      with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder were compared with the
      profiles of 26 similar inpatients with diagnoses of other personality disorders.
      The borderline group had higher elevations (p less than .05) on six of the 13
      standard MMPI scales. Analyses showed the borderline profiles to be of a
      significantly higher elevation but no different in either profile shape or
      dispersion. A discriminant analysis accounted for 43.7% of the variance and
      correctly classified 78.2% of the patients. Results are discussed in terms of
      possible explanations for the high F scores of the borderline group. Implications
      regarding characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder are discussed.

PMID- 6834234
TI  - Social anxiousness: the construct and its measurement.
AB  - The self-report measures of social anxiety that are commonly used in social
      psychological and personality research confound the measurement of social
      anxiousness with the measurement of specific behaviors that often, but not
      always, accompany social anxiety. Theoretical and methodological issues regarding
      this problem are discussed, and two new scales are presented that measure
      interaction and audience anxiousness independent of specific social behaviors.
      Psychometric data show the scales to possess high internal consistency and test
      retest reliability, as well as strong evidence of construct and criterion
      validity.

PMID- 6834235
TI  - The psychological assessment of object representation.
AB  - In 1976, Blatt, Brenneis, Schimek, and Glick developed a comprehensive scale for
      assessing the organization and content of the "concept of the object" in
      Rorschach responses. Utilizing developmental theory, they developed procedures
      for assessing the representation of human figures on the Rorschach in terms of
      the degree of differentiation, articulation, and integration. This analysis of
      Rorschach responses has proven to be of considerable value in clinical research
      and has provided empirical data for the study of severe psychopathology. The
      present paper considers the clinical utility of this conceptual scheme. Five
      prototypic patients, each representing a particular diagnostic category, were
      selected for study on the basis of clinical case records. The object
      representations of the five cases are presented and analyzed in detail, and
      conclusions are drawn about possible configurations of object representations in
      different forms of psychopathology. The value of a systematic assessment of
      object representations for differential diagnosis as well as for the study of
      change in the psychotherapeutic process is considered. This approach to Rorschach
      interpretation represents an integration of object relations theory into
      Rorschach methodology. These new concepts of test assessment and interpretation
      offer the promise of providing a methodological framework and theoretical
      foundation for further innovative use of the Rorschach and other projective
      procedures.

PMID- 6834236
TI  - Arousal-induced self-awareness: an artifactual relationship?
AB  - The present research was designed to test an alternative explanation for the
      arousal-self-awareness link found by Wegner and Giuliano (1980). Specifically, it
      was suggested that the running-in-place manipulation used by Wegner and Giuliano
      may have increased self-awareness, not because of the increased arousal it
      engendered, but because of its "unusual" nature. To test this hypothesis,
      subjects were assigned to one of three conditions: (a) fast running (both
      arousing and unusual), (b) slow running (unusual but not arousing), (c) control
      (neither arousing nor unusual). Results supported the unusual-behavior
      hypothesis; subjects in both running groups, regardless of speed (and arousal),
      showed more self-awareness on a sentence completion form than did those subjects
      in the control condition. The implications of these results for self-awareness
      theory are considered.

PMID- 6834237
TI  - On sending artifact in search of artifact: reply to Mcdonald, Harris, and Maher.
AB  - Two studies are reported that show the McDonald, Harris, and Maher critique of
      our earlier experiment to be mistaken. In the first study, arousal-induced
      attention to self was demonstrated in a field setting devoid of any of the
      artifactual covariates of arousal induction suggested by these researchers. In
      the second study, a replication of the McDonald et al. experiment was conducted
      in which a crucial manipulation check that they failed to make was included. This
      check on the unusualness and embarrassment-producing properties of the
      manipulations revealed that their study was burdened by the very artifact they
      claimed might exist in ours. Although their slow-running manipulation was
      superficially similar to our fast-running manipulation, slow running created self
      focus through unusualness and embarrassment, whereas fast running led to self
      focus via arousal.

PMID- 6834238
TI  - Sex role identity and the decision to regain control among women: a learned
      helplessness investigation.
AB  - In an investigation focusing on women's attempts to regain control of their
      environments, women from four sex role identity groups underwent either an
      initial loss of control (helpless) or control (nonhelpless) experience.
      Subsequently, they were allowed to choose their role in a team problem-solving
      task. They could either (a) have total control over the team's decisions, (b)
      have no control over the team's decisions, or (c) not participate in the task.
      Compared to women low on masculinity, women high on masculinity chose to be in
      control of team problem-solving in both the helpless and nonhelpless conditions.
      Particularly striking, none of the 14 feminine-sex-typed women chose to control
      the team's decisions in the helpless condition, whereas 10 of the 14 masculine
      sex-typed women made this choice. Results are discussed relative to the high
      rates of depression among women.

PMID- 6834239
TI  - Intergenerational transfer of individual differences in hereditary monarchs:
      genetic, role-modeling, cohort, or sociocultural effects?
AB  - Individual differences may be transferred across generations through either
      genetic inheritance, identification with role models, cohort effects, or
      sociocultural influences. Each of these four possible mechanisms makes different
      predictions regarding what traits display intergenerational continuities, the
      pattern of relationships between an individual and his or her relatives, as well
      as the relative impact of same-sex and cross-sex relationships. A sample of 342
      hereditary monarchs was drawn from 14 European nations. These rulers, along with
      their parents, grandparents, and predecessors, were then assessed on the
      variables of intelligence, morality, eminence, leadership, life span, and reign
      span. Theoretically significant interaction effects were also operationalized
      using such moderator variables as genetic relationship, years of overlap in
      lives, age difference, difference in reign midpoints, and sex. The
      intergenerational transfer of intelligence and life span appears to be best
      explained by genetics, whereas the transfer of morality and eminence seems to be
      governed by role-modeling processes. The remaining variables were either
      transferred by more complex mechanisms (viz. leadership) or not transferred at
      all from one generation to the next (viz. reign span). The results contradict
      both Woods's (1906) belief that morality is genetically inherited and Galton's
      (1869) argument that eminence can served as a nearly equivalent proxy variable
      for intellectual genius.

PMID- 6834240
TI  - Self-monitoring and blood pressure.
AB  - The association between self-monitoring (regulation and control of nonverbal and
      expressive behavior) and blood pressure was examined in a field study of 594
      municipal employees. For persons not taking antihypertensive medication, the
      Acting/Extraversion scale was mildly positively associated with resting blood
      pressure among whites in general, blue collar, clerical, and professional groups.
      Stronger positive correlations were obtained for attorneys and customer service
      representatives. These results are contrasted with slightly negative associations
      for blacks in general, first-level supervisors, and a group of previously studied
      union stewards. An interactive effect was also obtained between
      Acting/Extraversion and relative participation in work versus nonwork groups and
      activities; Acting/Extraversion and systolic pressure were inversely related for
      employees more active in extrawork groups but not related among other workers.
      Differential consequences of greater or lesser interpersonal involvement and
      emotional regulation in different jobs are considered.

PMID- 6834241
TI  - Race, ethnicity, and depression: a confirmatory analysis.
AB  - This study addresses two questions: (a) Are depressive-symptom scales equally
      indicative of depression in different racial/ethnic groups and (b) are there mean
      differences between the groups in the underlying depressive disorder assessed by
      these scales? The data consist of interviews obtained from a large community
      survey of depression in Los Angeles County. Four racial/ethnic groups were
      considered: Anglos, blacks, English-speaking Hispanics, and Spanish-speaking
      Hispanics. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test both one-factor and two
      factor models of depression. An invariant factor pattern was demonstrated. No
      significant mean differences on a factor of Depression were found, but the groups
      were found to differ on a Well-Being factor. Implications for survey research on
      psychiatric impairment among different racial/ethnic groups are discussed.

PMID- 6834242
TI  - Inadequacy of voice recognition as a demonstration of self-deception.
AB  - Gur and Sackeim (1979) argued that subjects deceived themselves when they failed
      to recognize their own voices on playback from a tape recorder. This claim is
      based primarily on the observation that subjects showed a heightened galvanic
      skin response when their own voices were present regardless of whether
      recognition took place. The authors suggest that even though subjects may not
      consciously recognize their own voices, a heightened physiological response
      implies that true recognition did in fact occur at some other level of cognitive
      processing. This article describes an experiment demonstrating that results
      similar to those arrived at by Gur and Sackeim can also be produced when subjects
      attempt to recognize the voice of a familiar "other." These results suggest that
      self-deception is not the main factor operating to produce the heightened
      physiological response.

PMID- 6834243
TI  - Control over stress, type A behavior pattern, and response to stress.
AB  - This study was conducted to examine (a) differences in physiological response of
      Type A and Type B individuals to conditions that varied in both controllability
      and consistency of controllability over an aversive stimulus and (b) whether Type
      A relative to Type B individuals employ more denial and/or projection in
      cognitively coping with arousing situations as well as differ in being
      preoccupied in such situations. Ninety-six college men were randomly assigned to
      one of four conditions: no control over shock, consistent control over shock,
      intermittent control over shock, and low stress. The results indicated that
      relative to Type B subjects, Type A subjects manifested (a) greater pulse rates
      and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the consistent control condition,
      (b) greater systolic blood pressure in the no-control condition, and (c) greater
      diastolic blood pressure in the intermittent control condition. Type A subjects
      relative to Type B subjects also employed more of both denial and projection
      across the three high-stress conditions but did not differ in how preoccupied
      they were.

PMID- 6834244
TI  - Cognitive appraisals and problem-directed coping: a prospective study of stress.
AB  - Information-seeking and problem-directed coping behaviors following a stressful
      event were observed as a function of cognitive appraisals of coping resources.
      Subjectively defined failure on a college exam served as an example of a mild
      stressor. Prior to the first midterm exam, students generated alternative
      strategies that could be used in the event of dissatisfaction with performance
      and rated the feasibility of using these strategies. Academic coping behaviors
      were measured by self-report and direct observation during the 3 weeks prior to
      the next exam. Coping cognitions were found to predict academic behaviors but not
      exam scores.

PMID- 6834245
TI  - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of the new positive inotropic agent sulmazole in the
      dog.
AB  - Sulmazole (I) 2-[2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazo[ 4,5-b]pyridine,
      a new positive inotropic agent, is based on a pyridoimidazole nucleus. Sulmazole
      pharmacokinetics were monitored in plasma and urine by a specific, sensitive
      reverse-phase fully automated HPLC system with fluorimetric detection. The
      hydroxylated metabolite, III, was also monitored in the urine, and unusual
      pharmacokinetics were observed. Sulmazole disappeared and metabolite II appeared
      in plasma by zero-order rates for most of their time courses in the 2-15-mg/kg
      range with a 75% conversion to II. Pure Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics were
      not applicable, and the vmax value increased with increasing dose.
      Pharmacokinetics of sulmazole and II at 0.7-mg/kg iv doses were characterized by
      a first-order two-compartment body model. Metabolite III at 0.7- and 2-mg/kg iv
      doses showed no dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. The unchanged drug and its major
      metabolite, II, were negligibly excreted renally (0.5-2%). Their renal clearance
      showed urine flow rate dependencies. The plasma protein bindings were: sulmazole,
      40.8 +/- 1.0%; II, 54 +/- 2%; III, 43 +/- 1%, and they were concentration
      independent.

PMID- 6834246
TI  - Method for predicting fill weight variation when packing powders using
      vacuum/purge fillers.
AB  - The present report demonstrates that for at least four pharmaceutical powders,
      the variation in fill weight associated with a vacuum/purge filling port is
      correlated with the length-diameter ratio of that port. This relationship has
      been mathematically modeled, and a design curve based on production data is
      presented, which depicts this relationship over a wide range of length-diameter
      ratios. For powders with properties similar to those presented, the design curve
      may be used to determine the dimensions of the port which will yield acceptable
      process weight control. Fill weight variances also can be predicted given a fixed
      port diameter. For other powders, the model can be used to create design curves
      with a few data points.

PMID- 6834247
TI  - Antacid effects on the gastrointestinal absorption of riboflavin.
AB  - The effect of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and a combination of
      aluminum-magnesium hydroxide suspensions on the oral absorption of riboflavin was
      examined in five subjects. Coadministration of aluminum hydroxide or magnesium
      hydroxide suspension with riboflavin (30 mg) resulted in an increase in time of
      peak urinary excretion rate of riboflavin when compared with control studies.
      There was no increase in the peak excretion rate or total urinary excretion of
      riboflavin when the antacid-treated subjects were compared to the control
      studies. In vitro experiments indicated that significant binding of riboflavin to
      the aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide suspensions occurred. The results
      of the present investigation are consistent with the reported effect of aluminum
      ion on GI motility and the known influence of gastric emptying on the absorption
      of riboflavin from the GI tract.

PMID- 6834248
TI  - Titrimetric determination of ascorbic acid with 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol in
      commercial liquid diets.
AB  - The titrimetric determination of ascorbic acid in the presence of a variety of
      potentially physically and chemically interfering species in commercial liquid
      diets is presented. The titrant and indicator was a solution of 2,6
      dichlorophenol indophenol. Iron(II), copper(II), cysteine, glutathione, sulfite,
      and tin(II) do not interfere.

PMID- 6834249
TI  - External scintigraphy in monitoring the behavior of pharmaceutical formulations
      in vivo I: technique for acquiring high-resolution images of tablets.
AB  - A new method for monitoring tablet disintegration in vivo was developed. In this
      method, the tablets were labeled with a short-lived radionuclide, technetium 99m,
      and monitored by a gamma camera. Several innovations were introduced with this
      method. First, computer reconstruction algorithms were used to enhance the
      scintigraphic images of the disintegrating tablet in vivo. Second, the use of a
      four-pinhole collimator to acquire multiple views of the tablet resulted in high
      count rates and reduced acquisition times of the scintigraphic images. Third, the
      magnification of the scintigraphic images achieved by pinhole collimation led to
      significant improvement in resolution. Fourth, the radioinuclide was incorporated
      into the granulation so that the whole mass of the tablet was uniformly labeled
      with high levels of activity. This technique allowed the continuous monitoring of
      the disintegration process of tablets in vivo in experimental animals. Multiple
      pinhole collimation and the labeling process permitted the acquisition of quality
      scintigraphic images of the labeled tablet every 30 sec. The resolution of the
      method was tested in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6834250
TI  - Kinetics and thermodynamics of interfacial transfer.
AB  - The kinetic barrier against the transport of methyl and ethyl nicotinates across
      the water-isopropyl myristate interface has been studied as a function of
      temperature using a rotating diffusion cell. The temperature dependence of the
      interfacial transfer kinetics has enabled calculation of the thermodynamic
      parameters for the process. It is evident from the results that, for the
      transferring solutes considered, the activation energy barrier is enthalpic,
      because there is a large positive entropy for transfer into the interfacial
      region.

PMID- 6834251
TI  - Kinetic study and analytical application of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium
      bromide-catalyzed reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with amines.
AB  - Arylation of amines by reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is catalyzed by
      micelles of cetrimonium bromide. This catalysis has been exploited to reduce the
      analysis time in the spectrophotometric determination of amines as their
      dinitrophenyl derivatives. The kinetics of the catalysis were studied for the
      five amines: alanine, phenylalanine, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4
      methoxyaniline. The dependence of rate constant on surfactant concentration can
      be quantitatively accounted for by Berezin's model, in which uptake of the amine
      and the 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by the micelle is described as a partitioning
      phenomenon for both species. An alternative model is developed in which one
      reactant partitions into the micellar phase and the other binds to the micelle
      with 1:1 stoichiometry; the two models are formally equivalent. Intrinsic
      catalytic rate constants and binding constants were evaluated. About one-third to
      one-half of the maximum observed micellar acceleration is attributed to a true
      micellar catalysis, the remainder being ascribed to an increase in local reactant
      concentrations in the micelle.

PMID- 6834252
TI  - Interaction of cyclazocine and the sympathetic nervous system.
AB  - Cyclazocine, a benzomorphan derivative narcotic agonist-antagonist, reduced the
      uptake of tritiated norepinephrine and reduced the recovery of [3H]3,4
      dihydroxymandelic acid, but did not significantly alter the recovery of
      [3H]normetanephrine in the rat heart in vivo. Cyclazocine also reduced endogenous
      levels of norepinephrine in the rat heart. Comparatively, desipramine reduced the
      uptake of [3H]norepinephrine, the recovery of [3H]3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, and
      the recovery of [3H]normetanephrine in the rat heart in vivo. Further,
      cyclazocine added to the perfusion medium or administered systemically reduced
      the uptake of radiolabeled norepinephrine by the isolated rat heart. The
      cyclazocine-induced decrease in the accumulation of [3H]norepinephrine in the rat
      heart in vivo and in vitro presumably is due to an alteration of sympathetic
      function through the inhibition of neuronal uptake. It is further suggested that
      cyclazocine has other actions on the sympathetic nervous system, such as
      promoting neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 6834253
TI  - Dependence of renal clearance on urine flow: a mathematical model and its
      application.
AB  - A mathematical model is developed to explain the dependence of renal clearance on
      urine flow rate. The model is tested using human data from the literature on
      compounds that are neither secreted nor reabsorbed by active or pH-sensitive
      mechanisms. The physiologically derived model explains and predicts the
      relationship between renal clearance and urine flow for a broad spectrum of
      compounds (i.e., butabarbital, chloramphenicol, creatinine, ethanol,
      theophylline, and urea) for which appropriate data are available.

PMID- 6834254
TI  - Absorption kinetics and steady-state plasma concentrations of theophylline
      following therapeutic doses of two sustained-release preparations.
AB  - Ten healthy volunteers received two sustained-release preparations as a single
      and multiple dose regimen in an open crossover study. Plasma theophylline
      concentrations were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The limited fluctuation of
      the theophylline levels at steady state, with twice daily administration, clearly
      demonstrated the marked sustained release properties of both preparations.
      Results indicate similar properties for the two preparations. Significant
      correlations between the single dose period and steady state were found for Cmax
      and AUC (r = 0.76 and 0.87, respectively) with one formulation, whereas this was
      not the case for the other (r = 0.27 and 0.49). The daily dose necessary to keep
      the plasma concentration within the therapeutic range of 55-110 mumole/liter
      varied from 7.9 to 22.9 mg/kg. Only mild side effects were recorded, but they
      were not correlated to the plasma theophylline concentration.

PMID- 6834255
TI  - Dissolution of a soluble drug substance from vinyl polymer matrices.
AB  - It was shown that vinyl polymers form good bases for in vitro sustained-release
      matrices, and that the character of the release curves is basically in line with
      their pH-solubility profiles. For a flow cell, the release curves may be
      approximated by the equation: In (m/m0) = - K(t -ti), where m is the amount not
      dissolved, m0 is the initial drug content, K is a dissolution constant, t is
      time, and ti is a lag time. Furthermore, it was shown that K is a function of
      tablet hardness (H) and polymer content (Q, percent). This functionality is well
      represented by the equation: In K = alpha H + gamma ln Q + epsilon, where alpha,
      gamma, and epsilon are polymer-dependent parameters. Matrix erosion is
      represented by an exponential decay: (p/p0) = exp(-Dt + a), where p is the amount
      not eroded, p0 is the initial weight, D is an erosion constant, and a is a
      soluble polymer-dependent parameter. In the case of these soluble polymers, K is
      not solely a function of D.

PMID- 6834256
TI  - Methaqualone-diphenhydramine interaction study in humans.
AB  - Twelve healthy subjects received three single oral doses (250 mg) of methaqualone
      alone or in combination with diphenhydramine (25 mg). Blood samples were
      collected for a 48-hr period after each dose and analyzed for methaqualone and
      its major metabolite, 2-methyl-3-(2'-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone.
      Peak blood concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2.7 micrograms/ml occurred
      approximately 1-2 hr after the oral dose. The area under the blood level-time
      curve, peak plasma level, and elimination half-life for methaqualone were not
      significantly different (three-way ANOVA, p greater than 0.05) when methaqualone
      was administered alone, in combination with a diphenhydramine elixir or as a
      commercial product (capsule) containing both methaqualone and diphenhydramine.
      Statistically significant intersubject differences in the area under the curve
      were eliminated if the area was corrected for subject differences in elimination.
      Blood levels of the metabolite reached an average peak of 314 ng/ml (+/- 107)
      between 4 and 8 hr after the dose and remained elevated for the 48-hr sampling
      period. The areas under the blood level time curve of the metabolite were not
      significantly different for the three treatments. Diphenhydramine administered at
      the dosage level used in therapeutic combination products did not alter the blood
      levels of methaqualone or its metabolite. In addition, no significant differences
      in methaqualone availability from the two commercial formulations tested could be
      detected.

PMID- 6834257
TI  - Photolytic decomposition of hydrochlorothiazide.
AB  - Hydrochlorothiazide decomposes upon irradiation with near-UV light (lambda
      greater than 310 nm) both in methanol and aqueous solutions. In the photolysis
      the chlorine substituent is removed to be replaced by either--H or--OR from the
      solvent ROH. Hydrolysis of the thiadiazine ring is superimposed upon the
      dechlorination. The presence of oxygen inhibits the decomposition. The mechanism
      of the photolysis is suggested to involve cation radical formation which
      facilitates the hydrolysis step. 5-Chloro-2,4-disulphonamido-aniline, the normal
      hydrolysis product from hydrochlorothiazide, is also susceptible to photolytic
      dechlorination by a similar mechanism.

PMID- 6834258
TI  - Evaluation of various N-substituted azaspiranedione derivatives as potential
      antimicrobial agents.
AB  - A series of N-substituted hydrazines were condensed with various spiro[4.5] and
      [5.5] anhydrides and the resultant N-substituted azaspiranediones were evaluated
      for antimicrobial activity. None displayed any significant activity in a variety
      of organisms tested.

PMID- 6834259
TI  - Dissolution apparatus for gels.

PMID- 6834260
TI  - Dissolution profiles for finely divided drug suspensions.
AB  - A suspension of micronized prednisolone acetate was separated into four fractions
      by the technique of centrifugal elutriation. Data showed that each fraction had a
      narrow particle size. The dissolution experiments were carried out under sink
      conditions (less than 10% of saturation concentration) in a dissolution apparatus
      with a rotating filter assembly and a continuous circulation of filtered fluid
      samples through a recording spectrophotometer. The dissolution profile was highly
      reproducible and substantially different for each fraction. As expected,
      fractions with the smallest and largest particles showed the fastest and slowest
      dissolution, respectively. Almost the entire dissolution profiles for four small
      particle size fractions can be satisfactorily described by the Higuchi-Hiestand
      model with the dissolution rate constant, K, in the range of 1.5-2.0 X 10(
      9)cm2/sec. This is approximately 3.5 times greater than the value for K
      calculated on the basis of reported reasonable values for diffusion coefficient,
      density, and solubility.

PMID- 6834261
TI  - Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine,
      pholcodine, and paraben preservatives in cough mixture by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation and simultaneous determination, by high-performance liquid
      chromatography, of acetaminophen (I), guaifenesin (II), pseudoephedrine
      hydrochloride (III), and pholcodine (IV), together with a series of parabens
      (methyl to butyl, V-VIII) in a cough mixture, has been demonstrated using a
      chemically bonded octadecylsilane stationary phase with a mobile phase of
      methanol-water-acetic acid (45:55:2) containing the ion-pairing agent
      octanesulfonic acid. Retention volumes for the active ingredients were 3.8 ml,
      5.4 ml, 9.4 ml, and 15.6 ml for compounds I-IV, respectively. Corrected retention
      volumes for the parabens [5.4 ml for methyl (V), 9.6 ml for ethyl (VI), 18.5 ml
      for propyl (VII), and 37.9 ml for butyl (VIII)] showed an exponential
      relationship with chain length of the esterifying alcohols. Excipients did not
      interfere with the estimation of any of the compounds, hence pretreatment of the
      sample was unnecessary. Average recoveries of the active ingredients and of the
      parabens from laboratory prepared samples were essentially 100% of theoretical
      with standard deviations of 1.7, 0.3, 1.5, 0.3, 0.3, 3.3, 0.7, and 2.7% for I
      VIII, respectively.

PMID- 6834262
TI  - Complexation of procainamide with hydroxide-containing compounds.
AB  - The complexation of procainamide with hydroxide-containing compounds, ethanol,
      fructose, glucose, glycerin, lactose, maltose, propylene glycol, sorbitol, and
      sucrose, have been studied. Procainamide formed a complex with glucose, lactose,
      and maltose, all of which contain a hemiacetal group, whereas fructose and
      sucrose do not. The percent of complex formed was dependent on the pH of the
      solution, with an optimum range of approximately 4-5.2. As with glucose, the
      percent of complex formed was directly related to the concentration of lactose in
      the solution. In dry mixtures, procainamide did not form a complex with glucose
      or lactose. The complex formed with lactose or maltose could be completely
      reversed by adding hydrochloric acid. A similar observation with glucose was
      reported earlier. In the optimum pH range, equilibrium was established in
      approximately 24 hr, and the process of complexation followed the equation for
      reversible reactions.

PMID- 6834263
TI  - Correlation between dissolution and disintegration in dissolution apparatuses.

PMID- 6834264
TI  - Neonatal undernutrition alters responsiveness to morphine in mature rats: a
      possible source of epiphenomena in developmental drug studies.
AB  - We studied the effect of neonatal undernutrition and its attendant stresses on
      the behavior and thermoregulation of adult rats in the absence and presence of
      morphine. Undernutrition was accomplished by fostering half the pups in each
      litter to a nonpregnant, nonlactating female rat every other day for the first 6
      days of life. As a control, the remaining pups were fostered to lactating rats.
      Significant alterations in body and brain weight and in brain DNA, RNA and
      protein were noted in undernourished rats at 10 and 21 days of age. At 6 months
      of age, no difference was observed in unconditioned exploratory behavior or in
      the acquisition and performance of a conditioned autoshaped lever touch response.
      Differential sensitivity to morphine was observed in nourished and undernourished
      rats performing the autoshaped response at asymptotic levels. At 1 year of age,
      undernourished rats displayed lower rectal temperatures than controls and showed
      an altered thermic response to morphine. These data demonstrate that poor
      nutritional status and other nondrug factors may be responsible for the altered
      thermoregulation and opiate sensitivity observed in rodents perinatally addicted
      to opioids, effects generally regarded as specific consequences of early opiate
      exposure.

PMID- 6834265
TI  - A comparative study of the blockade of calcium-dependent action potentials by
      verapamil, nifedipine and nimodipine in ventricular muscle.
AB  - The electrophysiological and chemical properties of the Ca++-channel blocking
      drugs verapamil, nifedipine and nimodipine were compared. In avian ventricular
      muscle depolarized by 25 mM K+-saline, the primary Na+ conductance was
      inactivated and the peak of action potential varied by 30 mV/10-fold change in
      extracellular Ca++. A double reciprocal plot of the maximum rate of rise vs.
      [Ca++]0(-1) yielded a straight line, a result consistent with the surface density
      hypothesis for the electrogenic permeation of cell membranes by Ca++. Verapamil,
      nifedipine and nimodipine caused the peak of action potential to deviate
      significantly from its Ca++-electrode property. Verapamil, but not nifedipine or
      nimodipine, blocked the Ca++-dependent action potential in a frequency-dependent
      manner. However, the dihydrophyridines (nifedipine and nimodipine) and verapamil
      were similar insofar as they inhibited the maximum rate of rise of the Ca++
      dependent action potential competitively at concentrations less than or equal to
      10(-6) M. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that low
      concentrations of these drugs inhibit the Ca++-dependent action potential by
      reducing the secondary inward current which is carried largely by Ca++. At higher
      concentrations, blockade of the maximum rate of rise by all of the Ca++-channel
      blocking drugs could not be described as competitive, noncompetitive or
      uncompetitive. The inability to describe the equilibrium actions of high
      concentrations of verapamil, nifedipine and nimodipine in such terms may arise
      from drug effects on membrane currents in addition to secondary inward current.

PMID- 6834266
TI  - Pharmacological evaluation of N-allynormetazocine (SKF 10,047) on the basis of
      its discriminative stimulus properties in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiments was to evaluate the pharmacological
      properties of the discriminative stimulus effects of the prototypic sigma
      receptor agonist N-allylnormetazocine (NANM, SKF 10,047). Rats were trained to
      discriminate between saline and 3.0 or 5.6 mg/kg of NANM in a two-choice, shock
      avoidance procedure. NANM-like stimulus control of behavior was produced by the
      opiates, in order of relative molar potency, cyclazocine greater than NANM
      greater than N-propylnormetazocine HCI greater than levallorphan greater than
      dextrorphan greater than pentazocine. Metazocine produced NANM-like
      discriminative effects but only when tested concomitantly with naloxone. Seven
      other opiate derivatives, including levorphanol, ethylketazocine and nalorphine,
      failed to produce NANM-like discriminative stimuli. Among enantiomeric pairs
      tested in the lower training dose group, d-NANM and l-NANM as well as
      levallorphan and dextrallorphan were equipotent, but the levo isomers of
      cyclazocine and pentazocine were more potent than their dextro counterparts,
      whereas dextrorphan but not levorphanol produced NANM-like discriminative
      stimuli. In the lower training dose group, the opioid antagonist naloxone failed
      to antagonize the NANM-like discriminative effects of NANM, l-cyclazocine and
      levallorphan, although naloxone did produce a parallel shift to the right of the
      dose-effect curve for pentazocine, and "unmasked" NANM-like effects of higher
      doses of metazocine. The nonopiate psychoactive drugs phencyclidine and
      dexoxadrol, but not its enantiomer levoxadrol produced NANM-like discriminative
      stimuli. Propranolol also occasioned an appreciable percentage of NANM
      appropriate responding in the lower training dose group but not the higher dose
      group. Diazepam, d-amphetamine, d-lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate,
      imipramine, clonidine and haloperidol also failed to produce NANM-like
      discriminative stimuli in the lower training dose group. The present results
      demonstrate that the discriminative stimulus properties of NANM are
      distinguishable from those of morphine and ethylketazocine but similar to those
      of dissociative anesthetics such as phencyclidine and lend additional support to
      the hypothesis that sigma receptors mediate the common actions of NANM and
      phencyclidine.

PMID- 6834267
TI  - In vivo O-de-ethylation of phenacetin in 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats:
      gut wall and liver first-pass metabolism.
AB  - By use of a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure, phenacetin
      (acetophenetidin) and its O-de-ethylated metabolite paracetamol (acetaminophen),
      after hydrolysis of paracetamol conjugates, were simultaneously quantified in
      arterial plasma of both control and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats after
      the i.v., portal vein and intraduodenal administration of phenacetin. 3
      Methylcholanthrene pretreatment resulted in enhanced phenacetin disposition as
      was shown from decreased plasma half-life time, decreased oral availability,
      increased clearance and a raise in metabolite levels. By constructing plasma
      concentration-time curves and determining the areas under the curves, it was
      possible to assess liver and gut wall first-pass metabolism. It is concluded that
      in 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats the intestine contributes significantly,
      and predominantly over the liver, to phenacetin first-pass metabolism. In
      contrast, gut wall metabolism in control rats could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 6834268
TI  - 1-[4-(2-ter-butyl-quinolyl)]-3-(4-piperidyl)propanol (PK 10139): a new potent and
      long-acting antiarrhythmic agent.
AB  - PK 10139 is a new synthetic quinoline antiarrhythmic agent 10 times more potent
      and at least 2 to 3 times longer acting than quinidine sulfate. In the dog, the
      near 100% active dose (1.5 mg/kg i.v.) completely converted to sinus rhythm
      ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia for over 30 min. The efficacy of this
      compound against multifocal beats induced by two-stage ligation of the left
      coronary artery (Harris) in the conscious dog was demonstrated after i.v. and
      oral administration with no peripheral and central nervous system side effects
      after the higher effective dose contrary to quinidine. In the anesthetized dog,
      PK 10139 like quinidine, increased atrial, atrioventricular nodal and ventricular
      refractory periods as determined with the programmed extrastimulus technique. PK
      10139 also increased electrical stimulus threshold and intracardiac conduction
      times evaluated by measurement of A-H nodal conduction time, H-V conduction time
      and QRS interval as seen with all the class I antiarrhythmic agents. Thus, PK
      10139 is a much more potent and long-acting agent than quinidine, with better
      tolerance.

PMID- 6834270
TI  - Time course of the electrophysiological effects of quinidine on canine cardiac
      Purkinje fibers: concentration dependence and comparison with lidocaine and
      disopyramide.
AB  - We used standard microelectrode techniques to observe the time course of the
      appearance and disappearance of the cellular electrophysiologic effects of
      antiarrhythmic drugs during drug infusion and after washout. The slopes of phases
      0 (Vmax), 2(V2) and 3(V3) of the action potential of canine Purkinje fibers were
      followed during 30 min of infusion of quinidine (0.2 - 1 x 10(-5) M),
      disopyramide (1 x 10(-5) M) or lidocaine (1 x 10(-5) M) and then during 60 min of
      washout with drug-free Tyrode's solution. All three drugs significantly reduced
      V3 and increased V2; quinidine and disopyramide also significantly reduced Vmax.
      The onset of the effects of quinidine and disopyramide on Vmax, V2 and V3
      occurred at similar rates. Both the onset and disappearance of the effects of
      lidocaine were more rapid than those of quinidine and disopyramide. This may have
      been related to the greater lipid solubility of lidocaine with a heptane: water
      partition coefficient of 0.85 for lidocaine compared with 0.16 for disopyramide
      and 0.06 for quinidine. The effects of quinidine (1 x 10(-5) M) on V3 reversed
      much more slowly upon washout (T1/257 +/- 12 min, mean +/- S.E.) than the effects
      of quinidine on Vmax (T1/218 +/- 3 min, P less than .01) and V2 (T1/215 +/- 3
      min, P less than .01). Concentration-response data showed that the time course of
      washout of the effects of quinidine was independent of drug concentration. These
      data suggest that rapidity of antiarrhythmic drug action is related to
      lipophilicity and that the effect of quinidine on V3 is due to action at a
      different cellular site from its effects on Vmax and V2.

PMID- 6834269
TI  - Use of immobilized L-asparaginase in acrylic microparticles in an extracorporeal
      hollow-fiber dialyzer.
AB  - L-asparaginase was immobilized under aseptic conditions in spherical
      microparticles of polyacrylamide. To avoid direct contact between blood and
      enzyme, we have applied the immobilized L-asparaginase in microparticles on the
      outer surface of the capillary fibers of a hemofilter. The hemofilters were very
      efficient in the transformation of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid, both in vitro
      and in vivo. L-Asparagine in buffer (50 microM in 5 liters) was converted to L
      aspartic acid within 60 min after circulation through a hemofilter containing
      2000 I.U. of L-asparaginase. Circulating L-asparagine in healthy sheep (about 40
      50 microM was reduced to low levels after 2 to 3 hr of perfusion with a unit
      containing 2000 I.U. of L-asparaginase. The reduction persisted for 3 to 4 hr
      after terminated treatment. Repeated, extracorporeal treatments in sheep showed
      that the L-asparagine decrease induced an increased resynthesis of L-asparagine,
      probably due to the action of the L-asparagine synthetase.

PMID- 6834271
TI  - Avoidance of "first-pass" elimination of rectally administered lidocaine in
      relation to the site of absorption in rats.
AB  - The extent of "first-pass" elimination of lidocaine in relation to the site of
      absorption in the rectum of rats was investigated. Male Wistar rats received
      lidocaine orally, i.v. or rectally at 4, 2, 1 and at about 0.2 cm from the anus.
      In all cases 5.0 mg of a tritium-labeled lidocaine solution was administered by
      zero-order infusion into the rectum. In blood, unchanged lidocaine and urine and
      feces total radioactivity were measured. Lidocaine was absorbed almost completely
      in all cases as assessed relative to i.v. administration. The average elimination
      half-life was about the same for all routes of administration (approximately 27
      min). Systemic availability of lidocaine when given by the oral route was 16%; a
      similar value was found after rectal administration at 4 cm distance from the
      anus. At 2 cm distance from the anus the mean systemic availability was 21%, at 1
      cm, 45% and as closely as possible to the anus, 72%. It is concluded that the
      degree of avoidance of first-pass elimination of rectally administered lidocaine
      is very much dependent on the site of drug administration. When the drug is
      absorbed very closely to the anus, little first-pass elimination occurs.

PMID- 6834272
TI  - Central and peripheral effects of clonidine on the adrenal medullary function in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The sites of action of clonidine-induced adrenal suppressant effect were
      investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. For analysis of the adrenal
      medullary function, efferent adrenal nerve discharges and adrenal venous
      catecholamine secretion rates were determined. Five to 10 min after i.v.
      administration of clonidine (3-100 micrograms/kg), there was a decrease in both
      sympathetic adrenal nerve activity and adrenal catecholamine secretion rates
      along with the decrease in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. After acute
      splanchnicotomy, clonidine (50 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced a significant
      decrease in catecholamine secretion rates from the denervated adrenal medulla
      during electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. Furthermore, i.c.v.
      administration of clonidine (1-10 micrograms) decreased adrenal nerve activity.
      These findings indicate that both the adrenal medulla and the spinal clonidine
      induced adrenal suppressant effect. The fact that the clonidine-induced decrease
      in adrenal catecholamine secretion rates was approximately parallel to the
      decrease in preganglionic adrenal nerve discharges in nerve intact spontaneously
      hypertensive rats suggests that the central action of clonidine is important in
      the adrenal suppressant effect relative to its peripheral action.

PMID- 6834273
TI  - Cholinergic-sympathetic interactions in the left atrium and left ventricle of
      conscious dogs.
AB  - The extent of cholinergic-sympathetic interaction in the heart was examined in
      the resting control state and after isoproterenol stimulation in eight conscious
      dogs. Sonomicrometer crystals and solid-state pressure transducers were implanted
      in the left atrium and the left ventricle to evaluate mechanical function while
      heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing. Edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) was
      given as a single dose at rest and during increased sympathetic tone produced by
      continuous infusion of isoproterenol (0.08 micrograms/kg/min). In the control
      state, edrophonium administration caused no change in left ventricular dP/dt,
      fractional shortening or velocity of contraction, but produced significant (P
      less than .001) decreases in left atrial fractional shortening and contraction
      velocity. During isoproterenol infusion there were significant increases in
      dP/dt, the velocity of contraction and fractional shortening in both left atrium
      and ventricle (P less than .001). Administration of edrophonium during this
      increase in inotropic state produced significant (P less than .01) decreases in
      left ventricular dP/dt, fractional shortening and contraction velocity. Moreover,
      after edrophonium, left atrial fractional shortening and velocity of contraction
      were decreased to values that were significantly (P less than .001) less than
      control. Thus, cholinergic stimulation caused selective depression of left atrial
      systolic function at rest and depression of both left atrial and ventricular
      function during sympathetic stimulation.

PMID- 6834274
TI  - Effects of diltiazem upon experimental ventricular dysrhythmias.
AB  - The antidysrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of the calcium entry blocker
      diltiazem were examined in three experimental canine models: 1) ventricular
      fibrillation thresholds in the anesthetized dog; 2) programmed electrical
      stimulation in the conscious dog during the subacute phase of myocardial
      infarction; and 3) a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death wherein
      ventricular fibrillation was produced by acute myocardial ischemia in the
      presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction. Diltiazem administration
      failed to alter ventricular fibrillation thresholds determined under normal
      physiologic conditions and during acute occlusion of the distal left anterior
      descending coronary artery. Diltiazem did not prevent ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias produced by programmed electrical stimulation in the subacute
      phase of myocardial infarction. The coupling intervals of premature beats
      producing ventricular tachycardia and the cycle length of the ventricular
      tachycardias were unchanged by diltiazem administration. In a conscious canine
      model of sudden coronary death, left circumflex coronary artery thrombosis was
      produced in the presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction. Acute
      myocardial ischemia as evidenced by ST-segment changes in saline-treated animals
      (145 +/- 26 min) was followed by the development of premature ventricular beats
      (150 +/- 27 min) and ventricular tachycardia (154 +/- 26 min). Ventricular
      fibrillation occurred in 9 of 10 animals at 156 +/- 28 min. Diltiazem
      administration did not affect the time to development of ST-segment changes (196
      +/- 38 min), premature ventricular beats (202 +/- 37 min) or ventricular
      tachycardia (209 +/- 37 min). Although the development of ventricular
      fibrillation was not prevented by diltiazem (9 of 10 animals developed
      ventricular fibrillation), the time to onset of the fatal arrhythmia was delayed
      significantly (P less than .01). These data fail to suggest a protective action
      for the calcium entry blocker diltiazem.

PMID- 6834275
TI  - Effects of nimodipine on cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to compare the effects of the calcium entry
      blocker nimodipine (Bay e 9736) on blood flow with brain and other organs and to
      examine effects on regional cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow was measured
      by the microsphere method. Determinations were made during intracarotid and i.v.
      nimodipine infusions in anesthetized and unanesthetized rabbits. In
      unanesthetized rabbits, i.v. infusion of 0.1 micrograms/kg x min nimodipine
      produced a 2-fold increase in cerebral blood flow and a 1.5-fold increase in
      myocardial flow without an increase in blood flow to other organs and with a
      small decrease in arterial pressure. A dose of 1.0 micrograms/kg x min produced
      further increases in flow to brain, myocardium and muscle despite reducing
      arterial pressure. Blood flow increased significantly in both cerebral gray and
      white matter and increased similarly in cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. In
      anesthetized rabbits, intracarotid infusion of nimodipine produced dose-dependent
      increases in cerebral blood flow; i.v. nimodipine produced an increase in
      cerebral blood flow with no change in cerebral O2 consumption. Thus, at low doses
      that have little effect on aortic pressure, nimodipine causes a selective
      increase in cerebral and myocardial blood flow. Nimodipine increases blood flow
      in all regions of the brain. The increase in blood flow is the result of a direct
      vasodilator effect and is not secondary to increased cerebral metabolism.

PMID- 6834276
TI  - Effects of scopolamine and methylscopolamine on classical conditioning of the
      rabbit nictitating membrane response.
AB  - Classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response was
      accomplished by presenting tone- and light-conditioned stimuli for 800 msec
      before delivery of a 100-msec shock as the unconditioned stimulus. Scopolamine
      significantly retarded the rate of acquisition and final asymptotic performance
      of conditioned responses to the tone- and light-conditioned stimuli.
      Methylscopolamine was approximately 20 times less potent than scopolamine in
      retarding the rate of acquisition, and had no effect on the final asymptotic
      performance of conditioned responses. The retardation in acquisition of
      conditioned responses produced by scopolamine could still be detected 5 days
      after cessation of drug injections, indicating that the effects of scopolamine
      were on acquisition and not performance. In contrast, scopolamine and
      methylscopolamine had no affect on the development of long-term habituation
      produced by the unpaired presentations of tone, light and shock stimuli. Control
      experiments indicated that the acquisition of conditioned responses by animals
      injected with saline, scopolamine or methylscopolamine was not contaminated by
      the presence of changes in base-line responding, sensitization or
      pseudoconditioning. In addition, scopolamine and methylscopolamine did not affect
      the unconditioned nictitating membrane reflex. In previously trained animals,
      scopolamine produced a significant, approximately 25-db elevation in the
      intensity threshold of a tone-conditioned stimulus for elicitation of conditioned
      responses. It was concluded that scopolamine blocks the excitatory properties of
      tone stimuli and this accounts for its ability to retard the rate of acquisition
      of conditioned responses.

PMID- 6834278
TI  - Effects of haloperidol-induced dopamine receptor supersensitivity on kindled
      seizure development.
AB  - By using kindling by repetitive amygdala stimulation as a model of generalized
      seizure development in the rat, we have shown that dopamine receptor
      subsensitivity has been shown to occur in selected brain areas after the
      development of seizures. In the present study, the influence of initially altered
      dopamine receptor sensitivity on the development of seizures was examined by
      inducing receptor supersensitivity through chronic haloperidol injection before
      amygdaloid kindling stimulation. Rats injected with haloperidol (5 mg/kg i.p.)
      for 18 or 30 days were stimulated in the amygdala daily until full seizures were
      elicited. Starting 2 days after the last injection, rats treated with 5 mg/kg of
      haloperidol i.p. required significantly more stimulations than their respective
      control groups. The slowed rate of seizure development was not significant if the
      kindling stimuli were initiated 6 days posthaloperidol treatment nor if 10-mg
      doses of haloperidol were used for 30 days. [3H]Spiroperidol binding assays were
      performed on tissue from striatum and amygdala-pyriform cortex at various times
      after drug treatment. Increased receptor binding was observed in striatum and
      amygdala-pyriform cortex of all haloperidol treatment groups. These observations
      lend support to the hypothesis that dopamine plays a role in seizure suppression
      as an increased receptor sensitivity to dopamine delayed kindled seizure
      development.

PMID- 6834277
TI  - Mouse antithrombotic assay: a simple method for the evaluation of antithrombotic
      agents in vivo. Potentiation of antithrombotic activity by ethyl alcohol.
AB  - We present a simple method for screening antithrombotic agents. When male Swiss
      Webster mice (25-34 g; N = 143) were given an i.v. injection of 0.1 ml of a
      mixture of collagen (dose, 15 micrograms/mouse) and epinephrine (dose, 1.8
      micrograms/mouse), 94% died within 5 min or remained paralyzed for more than 15
      min. Examples of the use of the system for the study of antithrombotic agents are
      given. Solutions of agents were administered to the animals i.p. about 1 hr
      before the thrombotic challenge. Aspirin (20 mg/kg), OKY-1581 (30 mg/kg) and
      ethanol (2 gm/kg), administered as single agents in aqueous medium, protected (P
      less than .01, chi 2 test) 40, 50 and 35% of the animals, respectively. Heparin
      (150 U/kg) was ineffective. Combinations of ethanol with indomethacin or
      indobufen provided complete protection, whereas ethanol plus aspirin protected
      84% of the animals and ethanol plus OKY-1581 protected 70% of the animals.
      Dipyridamole alone (3 mg/kg), dipyridamole (1.65 mg/kg) plus ethanol or
      dipyridamole (1.65 mg/kg) plus aspirin were ineffective. The method appears well
      suited for screening potential antithrombotic agents which act primarily against
      platelet thromboembolism.

PMID- 6834279
TI  - Behaviorally inactive doses of mianserin antagonize the suppressant effect of
      lysergic acid diethylamide on a fixed-ratio operant.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to respond for food reinforcement on a
      fixed-ratio 15 schedule. Low, behaviorally inactive, doses of mianserin (0.1-1.0
      mg/kg) administered 30 min before the operant session antagonized the behavioral
      suppression induced by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; 50 micrograms/kg)
      administered immediately before the session. Mianserin (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) also
      partially antagonized the behavioral suppressant effects of higher doses of LSD.
      At a dose which suppressed behavior to 70% of control when administered alone,
      mianserin (10 mg/kg) did not antagonize the behavioral suppression induced by LSD
      (100-200 micrograms/kg). The data suggest that the suppression of operant
      behavior produced by mianserin may be the result of nonselective or multiple
      actions, or possibly the emergence of an LSD-type partial agonist property.
      Specificity of drug action as an antagonist apparently occurs at the behaviorally
      inactive, low doses of mianserin which may act through a selective blockade of
      serotonin receptors stimulated by LSD.

PMID- 6834280
TI  - Evidence for hepatic formation, export and covalent binding of reactive
      naphthalene metabolites in extrahepatic tissues in vivo.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of
      naphthalene results in dose-dependent bronchiolar necrosis in mice and in the
      formation of reactive metabolites which deplete reduced glutathione and become
      bound covalently to tissue macromolecules. The finding that pulmonary glutathione
      levels were nearly totally depleted after large doses of naphthalene suggested
      that hepatic formation of reactive metabolites may contribute substantially to
      glutathione depletion and covalent binding in extrahepatic tissues. This
      possibility has been supported by several new lines of evidence: 1) similar
      levels of covalent binding were observed in lung, liver and kidney in vivo, yet
      the rate of kidney microsomal metabolic activation of naphthalene was much lower
      than in liver or lung; 2) phenobarbital pretreatment markedly increased in vivo
      covalent binding in lung, liver and kidney and increased hepatic but decreased
      pulmonary microsomal covalent binding; 3) 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment
      resulted in slightly increased levels of covalent binding in lung, liver and
      kidney yet decreased pulmonary microsomal covalent binding; 4) administration of
      p-xylene, at doses which selectively decreased pulmonary microsomal metabolism of
      biphenyl (4-hydroxylation) and naphthalene (to reactive metabolites), decreased
      in vivo covalent binding in liver and kidney to the same extent as lung after
      [14C]naphthalene; and 5) pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine preferentially
      depleted hepatic and renal but not pulmonary glutathione levels and markedly
      increased covalent binding in all three tissues. The severity of naphthalene
      induced bronchiolar damage was unaffected by pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3
      methylcholanthrene or p-xylene but was increased by prior administration of
      buthionine sulfoximine. These studies suggest that a portion of the reactive
      metabolites which deplete glutathione and bind covalently in extrahepatic tissues
      originate in the liver. Whether these circulating metabolites play a role in
      naphthalene-induced pulmonary bronchiolar damage is not clear.

PMID- 6834281
TI  - Effects of anesthetics on the hepatic metabolism and biliary secretion of
      lopanoic acid enantiomers in rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of each iopanoate (IOP) enantiomer were
      studied in male rats anesthetized with urethane, pentobarbital or ether. The only
      metabolite of IOP that could be detected in bile and plasma was iopanoate
      glucuronide (IOP-G). Ether and pentobarbital significantly depressed the biliary
      secretion of each enantiomer as compared with urethane. The anesthetics did not
      affect differentially the plasma to liver concentration ratio of IOP or the
      relationship between the hepatic content of IOP-G and the biliary secretion rate
      of IOP-G for either enantiomer of IOP. At the end of 60 min, the total biliary
      secretion of (+)-IOP-G was significantly greater than that of (-)-IOP-G in the
      presence of each anesthetic agent. There was no apparent difference between (+)-
      and (-)-IOP with respect to hepatic accumulation. There were marked differences
      between the enantiomers with respect to the hepatic content of IOP-G. At the
      termination of the experiments, the relationship between the liver content of IOP
      G and biliary secretion of IOP-G was not linear. Below a liver IOP-G content of
      approximately 0.12 mumol/g, the biliary secretion of (-)-IOP-G exceeded that of
      (+)-IOP-G. Above a liver IOP-G content of 0.12 mumol/g, the biliary secretion of
      (+)-IOP-G exceeded that of (-)-IOP-G. These data suggest a stereoselectivity with
      respect to the biliary secretion of IOP enantiomers.

PMID- 6834282
TI  - Decoding embedded sentences and dichotic ear advantage.
AB  - This study concerns the relationship between the semantic as well as syntactic
      decoding abilities and language representation in cerebral hemispheres. Three
      groups varying in semantic-syntactic decoding ability (N = 32) were given a
      verbal dichotic listening test. Both the good semantic-good syntactic and the
      good semantic-poor syntactic groups showed a significant right ear advantage
      indicating a greater reliance on the left hemisphere for verbal process. The poor
      semantic-poor syntactic group showed no ear advantage on the dichotic task. This
      finding is interpreted as meaning that their speech representation is less
      lateralised than that of the other two groups. The implication of the findings in
      terms of the heuristic and algorithmic processes in language comprehension is
      then discussed.

PMID- 6834283
TI  - A personal log method for investigating interpersonal touch.
AB  - Most of the research on interpersonal touch has involved public settings but much
      of our significant contact takes place in private settings. The body
      accessibility studies included touch in both public and private settings, but
      rates of touch and settings were not reported. In the present study 76 subjects
      kept a log of touches received, their relationship to the toucher, the setting,
      and their rating of the pleasantness of the touch. There were no gender
      differences in rates of touch. Most touches occurred in private settings,
      particularly touches in personal body areas. A variety of sexual touches were
      reported.

PMID- 6834284
TI  - Self-concept: a function of self-perceived somatotype.
AB  - The Tennessee Self-concept Scale was employed to assess multiple dimensions of
      self-concept in 284 college males; the Perceived Somatotype Scale was used to
      assess three indices of somatotype. MANOVA revealed significant differences in
      global self-concept among the self-perceived somatotype (PSS), the perceived
      ideal somatotype (PSI), and the self-ideal discrepancy (PSD) groups. Univariate
      analyses indicated that the PSS groups differed significantly in all but the
      Moral-Ethical dimension of self-concept, while no univariate self-concept
      differences were found among the PSI groups. The PSD groups differed markedly on
      all but the Moral-Ethical and Family Self subscales. The assertion that
      somatotype affords little psychological predictive utility needs amendment in
      light of the findings of the present study.

PMID- 6834285
TI  - Relationships between irrational thinking and psychiatric symptomatology.
AB  - Previous research on the clinical theory of Rational Emotive Therapy has shown
      that irrational belief systems are associated with global indices of
      psychopathology such as state and trait anxiety and depression. In an extension
      of this earlier work a correlational study was conducted on the relationships
      between irrationality and a self-report measure of highly specific indices of
      psychiatric symptomatology, the Symptom Checklist-90. The sample consisted of 62
      undergraduates (37 female, 25 male, means age = 21 years) enrolled in an upper
      level psychology course. Seven of the nine correlations were statistically
      significant, indicating that greater irrationality was associated with higher
      levels of psychiatric symptomatology. These results provide additional evidence
      in support of the clinical theory of Rational Emotive Therapy.

PMID- 6834287
TI  - The effect of distance and location cues on linear arm positioning by children.
AB  - Forty-five boys in each of three age groups learned a 40 cm linear arm movement,
      without the aid of vision. Fifteen in each age group attempted to reproduce the
      movement using either distance, location, or distance plus location cues.
      Analysis of absolute error scores showed a significant effect of movement cue
      with inferiority in recall using distance cues compared with the other cue
      conditions. The interaction effect was also significant. The results are
      discussed in terms of the development of coding systems for movements in short
      term memory.

PMID- 6834286
TI  - The effect of an anticipated reverse smoking rule on the perceived distraction of
      persons attending organizational meetings.
AB  - Smokers (n = 41) and nonsmokers (n = 54) were asked to complete parallel
      questionnaires. Each questionnaire contained 27 questions which described a task
      oriented meeting varying in duration and importance or interest value. Three
      durations (15, 30, and 60 minutes) were crossed with three levels of interest
      value to produce nine item types. The questionnaires for smokers indicated that
      for all the meetings smoking was strictly prohibited, while those for the
      nonsmoker indicated that smoking was allowed and was going on. For each question,
      subjects were asked to rate the degree of distraction they perceived themselves
      as experiencing. Nonsmokers perceived themselves as being more distracted by an
      anticipated reverse smoking rule than did smokers; as length of meeting
      increased, perceived distraction increased, and as importance of the meeting
      increased, perceived distraction decreased.

PMID- 6834288
TI  - Luck and learning: feedback contingencies and initial success in verbal
      discrimination learning.
AB  - Ninety undergraduate volunteers learned a 12-pair, low frequency, verbal
      discrimination list. The independent variables were feedback (positive only,
      negative only, or both) and initial success (17%, 50%, or 83% correct on trial
      one). With the total errors on nine trials as the dependent variable, the main
      effect of feedback was found to be not significant. The main effect of initial
      success was significant. Subjects who started at 50% correct had the most
      difficulty learning the list and subjects in the 83% correct condition learned
      quickest. The predicted interaction between feedback and initial success was not
      significant, even though the means for the three types of feedback at the 17%
      correct starting level reflect the expected differences. The results are
      interpreted as supporting the rule-use component of frequency theory. The
      relationship between initial success and subsequent performance appears to be
      curvilinear, rather than linear, as many theorists have assumed.

PMID- 6834289
TI  - Relationship of physical appearance and professional demeanor to interview
      evaluations and rankings of medical residency applicants.
AB  - Faculty members rated 54 applicants to a medical residency training program on
      their social skills and professional commitment. Independent ratings of the
      candidates' physical attractiveness, neatness and grooming, and (for 18 of these
      applicants) professional demeanor also were obtained. Professional demeanor
      ratings were related significantly to the faculty interview ratings of
      professional commitment and to the subsequent final rankings of the 10 male and
      the eight female applicants for whom demeanor ratings were available. Ratings of
      neatness and grooming were related significantly to the faculty interview ratings
      of social skills and to the subsequent final rankings of the 21 female applicants
      but not for the 33 male applicants. Physical attractiveness ratings were not
      related significantly to the faculty interview ratings or the final rankings of
      candidates of either sex. These data suggest that physical appearance may have
      had some effect on the interview evaluations and selection of female applicants,
      and that professional demeanor had a marked influence on the evaluation and
      selection of both male and female applicants.

PMID- 6834290
TI  - Regressional analysis of attitudes toward male nurses.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between six demographic variables of 174
      respondents and acceptance of males in the nursing profession. Multiple
      regression analysis indicated that only two variables, respondents' educational
      level and sex, significantly predicted attitudes toward male nurses. The
      implications inherent in these findings are discussed in light of the minority
      role status occupied by male nurses.

PMID- 6834291
TI  - Gaze and mutual gaze of preschool children in conversation.
AB  - The study was designed to describe the functional significance of gaze and mutual
      gaze in the context of the free-play conversation of preschool children. It was
      hypothesized that mutual gaze is not a fortuitous event in young children but a
      result of a gaze-action-gaze-reaction sequential process. Eleven high- and 11 low
      friendship dyads were formed on the basis of the frequency of interaction in
      freeplay. Each dyad was videotaped for 15-minute play sessions. The videotapes
      were analyzed for the occurrence of gaze-related utterances and the occurrence of
      mutual gaze. When the speaker gazed at the listener the contingent probability of
      gaze response in the listener was 45% (as compared to a base rate of 3% gaze
      related utterances). When the listener gazed at the speaker, the probability of
      gaze response was 38%. Gaze-related utterances were longer, more likely to result
      in a relevant response from the listener and less likely to result in nonresponse
      than utterances unaccompanied by gaze. Friendship between dyad members had no
      effect on any of the measures. It was concluded that gaze and mutual gaze are
      systematic components of the conversational behavior of preschool children.

PMID- 6834292
TI  - Psychosomatic education: who does what where?

PMID- 6834293
TI  - Psychosomatic education: who teaches what and where at the University of British
      Columbia.
AB  - For this enquiry psychosomatic education was defined as education in areas that
      encompass a psychological as well as biological view of illness. The scope of
      this activity, undergraduate and postgraduate, was assessed by a review of
      curriculum content, and by a questionnaire of the clinical faculty that examined
      their attitudes to psychiatry in Medicine, what they actually taught, and whom
      they relied on for help. Obstacles to psychosomatic education stemmed from a
      negative view of Psychiatry as well as the omission of instruction by prestigious
      role models. The facilitation of psychosomatic education required a greater
      accessibility of psychiatrists to medical peers, and an expanded role for
      consultation liaison services into medical student teaching. New programs in
      holistic and behavioural medicine represented an emerging thrust particularly at
      the postgraduate level. Psychosomatic education should focus on specific training
      objectives acceptable to medical colleagues, educators and health planners.

PMID- 6834294
TI  - The teaching of psychosomatic medicine and liaison psychiatry at medical schools
      in the United Kingdom.
AB  - A systematic questionnaire survey was carried out of education in psychosomatic
      medicine and liaison psychiatry by the university departments of psychiatry in
      the United Kingdom. There was an excellent response rate. Taking first
      psychosomatic medicine, it is clear that it is rare to have a special course for
      the students. However the majority provided specific lectures or teaching
      sessions during the psychiatric attachment, also specific lectures outside this
      attachment, and the subject was usually brought in during the course of other
      undergraduate sessions such as topic teaching and clinico-pathological
      conferences. In liaison psychiatry again it was found that special courses were
      rarely favoured. However teaching in many places paralleled the methods found for
      psychosomatic medicine above, and in addition students were usually involved in
      consultation procedures or linked with medical and surgical firms for this
      purpose. In some departments research projects were carried out by the students.
      Possible improvements in teaching these subjects are suggested.

PMID- 6834295
TI  - Psychosomatic education in Turkey.
AB  - Psychosomatic education during medical study is achieved within psychiatry
      courses in Turkey. Generally, postgraduate education in psychiatry provides,
      during the specialization period, also a certain amount of education in
      psychosomatics. Only the Cerraphasa Medical Faculty at Istanbul University
      presents a unique form of practice and educational activity in the field of
      psychosomatics. Here, the Psychoneuroses and Psychosomatics Department within the
      Psychiatry Clinic (the foundation of which goes back to 1970) provides for
      medical students a psychosomatic approach and an introduction to psychosomatic
      concepts within the medical psychology courses and a further theoretical as well
      as practical knowledge during the psychiatry courses and internships.
      Postgraduate training in psychosomatics is also unique for Turkey in this
      department, where psychiatry residents with special interest for psychosomatics
      spend the major part of their training period in the psychosomatics department
      and receive theoretical and practical training. Training in psychotherapy is also
      included in the program. The regular series of seminars and open-lectures
      organized by this department are directed also to other medical and non-medical
      staff in various departments and faculties. Consultation-liaison-psychiatry is
      also part of this training. The department provides under- and postgraduate
      training (master training) for psychologists. Nurse training (under- and
      postgraduate) and occupational therapist training are also included in the
      training program of this Department. The training as well as other therapeutic
      and research activities of this department are also supported by the Society of
      Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy.

PMID- 6834296
TI  - Psychosomatic education in Japan.
AB  - In the field of undergraduate education, there are eighty medical schools in
      Japan but only five of these have independent departments of psychosomatic
      medicine. Another seventeen schools have a curriculum including psychosomatic
      medicine. However, oriental psychotherapies such as fasting therapy, Naikan
      therapy and Morita therapy are taught in only a few schools. The postgraduate
      education is mainly promoted by the Japanese Psychosomatic Society which has
      about 1700 members including psychologists, nurses and social workers as well as
      medical doctors. The society has seven local branches throughout the country
      which hold one or two educational meetings per year as well as the Annual General
      Congress. Unfortunately, the growth of the Japanese psychosomatic movement has
      been fairly static over the last five years. The reasons are varied. Firstly, the
      Japanese economy has been affected by the recession and the Ministry of Education
      do not have the funds available to create any new psychosomatic departments in
      medical schools. The second reason lies with the general medical practitioners
      who fail to recognise the importance of psychosomatic medicine. In spite of such
      opposition our executive councillors are working hard to overcome these
      difficulties.

PMID- 6834297
TI  - Note on Type A behavior and cardiovascular responses to challenge in 3-6-yr old
      children.
AB  - Using the MYTH-scale [1], the antecedents of Type A behavior were studied in
      fifteen healthy 3-6-yr old boys. Boys with scores above ('Type A') and below
      ('Type B') the median were compared in terms of systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure and heart rate during rest, and during 'emotional' and 'physical'
      challenge. It was found that 'Type A boys' responded to challenge with a greater
      increase in systolic blood pressure than 'Type B boys' (significant during
      physical challenge), while there were no differences during the rest condition.
      Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate did not differ markedly between the
      groups.

PMID- 6834298
TI  - The effects of exercise on mood and cognitive functioning.
AB  - Psychological measures of mood and perceptual speed were administered to 64
      subjects prior to and immediately following involvement in either vigorous
      exercise or a hobby class which served as a contrast group. In general, results
      support the claim that physical activity is associated with incremental changes
      in mood and mental functioning. Although significant changes on several variables
      were also observed in the contrast group, the magnitude of change from pre- to
      post-testing was greater for the experimental group. The study suggests several
      important directions for future research.

PMID- 6834299
TI  - Psychosomatic education: the University of Chicago's program in liaison
      psychiatry.
AB  - Psychiatric education for the medical student addresses itself to students' and
      potential non-psychiatric physicians' needs in identifying and addressing the
      biopsychosocial aspects of patient care. The education is best based on the
      clinical method, using the extended interview to identify the relationship of
      environmental and social circumstances to the anlage, onset and reaction to
      illness in the patient. Within this pattern, genetic, epigenetic developmental
      patterns, earlier illness, behavioral and personality patterns are identified. In
      addition, family and social variables, including the effects of treatment
      procedures, hospitalization and interaction with the health team are reviewed. To
      whatever extent possible, the student is sensitized to this approach at the
      earliest phase of his(her) education, preferably in the preclinical years. The
      approach is reinforced during the introduction to clinical medicine and physical
      diagnosis. In the clinical years, individual patient consultations are arranged
      for students working with medical, surgical, pediatric and obstetrical patients
      on these services in which they review with patients their illness experiences.
      This is viewed as both an analytic and synthetic experience having an educational
      value for the student and a therapeutic one for the patient. Preceptors of such
      programs need thorough grounding in general and sometimes specialty medical
      disciplines as well as considerable exposure to psychological, behavioral and
      psychiatric medicine. Evaluation and support of these programs remain in question
      and should be addressed in discussion.

PMID- 6834300
TI  - The effect of retirement on somatic complaints.
AB  - This study investigated whether the level of somatic complaint increases as men
      make the supposedly stressful passage from work to retirement. For 171 retirees,
      pre- to post-retirement changes in the sum of selected somatic complaints from
      the Cornell Medical Index were compared with changes over a comparable time
      interval (3-5 yr) in 386 age peers who continued to work. Although there was
      slightly increased frequency of somatic complaint over time, eventual retirees
      did not differ from continuing workers in the amount and direction of change.
      Among retirees only, change from pre-retirement complaint levels did not vary by
      retirement age, length of time retired, part-time work in retirement, former
      occupational level or marital status, nor was it affected by the circumstance of
      compulsory retirement. These results, which are based on a continuous measure of
      health status, confirm previous findings from categorical data which conclude
      that retirement's effect on health is negligible.

PMID- 6834301
TI  - Depression as a powerful discriminator between physically active and sedentary
      middle-aged men.
AB  - This study identifies the relative importance of psychological dimensions that
      discriminate between habitually physically active and sedentary men. The data
      support the notion that physical activity has psychological benefits. Subjects (N
      = 22) were normal, medically healthy middle-aged men (40-60 years of age). Data
      were collected on selected physiological (treadmill) and psychological (MMPI)
      variables and replicated within four months. The Student's t-test and
      discriminant function analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Physically
      active men (n = 11) have lower depression (scale 2) and lower social introversion
      (scale 10) than the sedentary men (n = 11). The physically active men may exhibit
      MMPI scale differences in 'neurotic' tendencies from the sedentary men, but there
      is no apparent difference in scales suggestive of 'psychotic' tendencies.
      Depression (scale 2) is the most powerful discriminator between physically active
      and sedentary men, followed by hysteria (scale 3) and social introversion (scale
      10). In conclusion, our data identify depression as the most important MMPI scale
      that discriminates between physically active and sedentary men.

PMID- 6834302
TI  - The role of stress, social support and age in survival from breast cancer.
AB  - This study focused on the relationship of objective and subjective stresses to
      survival from breast cancer. The potential mediating roles of social support and
      age were also considered. This prospective study involved 208 white female breast
      cancer patients diagnosed between 1958 and 1960. At the time of diagnosis,
      subjects were interviewed regarding objective and subjective stress and social
      support present in the 5-year period preceding their diagnosis. Twenty years
      later, survival was calculated. The relationships between stress and survival
      were examined for three age groups: 15-45, 46-60, and 61 and older. Objective
      stress was related to survival for the oldest group while subjective stress was
      related to survival for the youngest group. Neither stress was related to
      survival for women aged 46-60. Social involvement was independently related to
      survival although it was not a mediator in the stress-survival relationship.
      Using the entire sample, stage of cancer at diagnosis was the best predictor of
      survival. However, when women aged 46-60 were eliminated from the analysis,
      stress and social involvement accounted for twice as much variance in survival as
      stage.

PMID- 6834303
TI  - Revival of interest in studies of personality, psychophysiology and
      symptomatology in essential hypertension.

PMID- 6834304
TI  - The stress-diathesis model of illness.

PMID- 6834305
TI  - Psychosomatic education in West Germany.
AB  - Psychosomatic medicine (PsM) is taught to nearly all of the 12,000 West German
      medical students. It has become part of the curriculum by legal act (1972) and
      now forms part of the national syllabus. There are independent university
      departments in PsM at approximately three-quarters of the 27 medical schools in
      West Germany. In approximately two-thirds of the medical schools PsM is taught by
      members of departments lacking close working links with departments of non
      psychiatric health services. The topic of liaison psychiatry is virtually
      excluded from the national syllabus. In teaching sessions, patients with
      psychogenic disorders predominate, which may bias the attitudes of students. The
      overall reception of PsM by students is fair to good although their expectations
      must be dealt with carefully. Many complain that the teaching in this subject is
      too short. Some of them (20-30%) can be motivated to join electives in PsM. These
      electives are related to patient care and involve team working and may be
      exemplified by the so called "Peer Groups on History Taking". Members of these
      groups practice guided self-help and this in part overcomes the dissatisfaction
      amongst students caused by overpopulation of the medical school. In conclusion it
      is suggested that in West Germany, students should be exposed more often to
      places of primary care, and their lecturers should act as experts in group
      techniques applied to problem situations in primary care. Psychosomatic lecturers
      should concentrate on issues of primary care and act as supervisors of group
      work. They should also support student electives in PsM in order to promote
      interest in this subject.

PMID- 6834306
TI  - Neurosurgery--triumphs and tragedies.

PMID- 6834307
TI  - Comparison of general and local anaesthesia for biopsy of breast lumps.

PMID- 6834308
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer in south-west Scotland 1966-1980.

PMID- 6834309
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum. A retrospective analysis from Singapore.

PMID- 6834310
TI  - Colonic atresia associated with Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 6834311
TI  - Are some some appendectomies unnecessary? An analysis of 319 white appendices.

PMID- 6834312
TI  - Horseshoe kidney. A review of 25 cases.

PMID- 6834313
TI  - Amputation for peripheral vascular disease in a General Surgical Unit.

PMID- 6834314
TI  - Rigid fixation of metacarpal fractures.

PMID- 6834315
TI  - External fixation of the unstable Galeazzi fracture.

PMID- 6834317
TI  - An unusual case of Menetrier's disease.

PMID- 6834316
TI  - Malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 6834318
TI  - Keinbock's disease. An occurrence in male siblings.

PMID- 6834321
TI  - Solitary amyloid nodule in the leg.

PMID- 6834319
TI  - Accidental injection of plastic into the hand.

PMID- 6834320
TI  - Non-hormonal adrenocortical tumours (carcinomas).

PMID- 6834322
TI  - The management of head injuries in a district general hospital.

PMID- 6834323
TI  - Ovarian characteristics and reproductive performance of reindeer, Rangifer
      tarandus.
AB  - A total of 301 female reindeer of various ages was shot on South Georgia in all
      months of the year to study seasonal and age-related changes in ovarian
      structures, and to undertake an intraspecific comparison with North American
      caribou. Ovarian weights and follicle numbers did not change in reindeer calves,
      and it is concluded that the South Georgia population do not attain physiological
      puberty in their first year. Compared with caribou, reindeer showed an earlier
      onset of ovarian activity, and had twice as many follicles greater than 2 mm
      diameter and secondary corpora lutea. The relationship between luteal scars and
      age was significant (P less than 0.001), despite an overcount of scars relative
      to age in some individuals, and indicated a fecundity rate of 0.93. The left and
      right ovaries of reindeer were equally productive. It remains unclear whether the
      differences in reproductive performance between reindeer and caribou are of
      genetic origin.

PMID- 6834324
TI  - Laser measurement of the motility of bull spermatozoa in an egg-yolk diluent.
AB  - An objective method of assessing bull sperm motility by specifying the mean
      swimming speed and number of motile spermatozoa in a sample is described. Laser
      light was conducted into diluted semen samples using a fibre-optic Doppler
      anemometer (FODA). The signal correlation of the back-scattered laser light was
      modelled using least squares computer curve fitting of the resulting data.
      Agreement was found between the mean swimming speeds obtained and those measured
      using time lapse photography.

PMID- 6834326
TI  - Changes in the protein composition of rat spermatozoa during maturation in the
      epididymis.
AB  - Spermatozoa from the testis and cauda epididymidis were solubilized by detergent
      treatment and electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels revealed that the
      relative amounts of 13 detergent-extractable proteins decreased during passage of
      spermatozoa through the epididymis, 6 increased, whilst the remainder showed
      little or no change. Lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination of plasma membrane
      proteins showed that the components carrying most of the label in testicular
      spermatozoa had Mr values of 110 000, 94 000, 84 000, 55 000 and 42 000 whereas
      on cauda epididymal spermatozoa the Mr values were 47 000, 24 000, 17 000, 14 500
      and 13 500. Substantial differences were also noted in the protein composition of
      rete testis fluid and cauda epididymal plasma. The results support the concept
      that there is a considerable reorganization of the molecular architecture of the
      plasma membrane of spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis.

PMID- 6834325
TI  - Effects of passive immunization against oestradiol on mouse ovum transport.
AB  - The ability of anti-oestradiol immunoglobulin to withhold oestradiol-17 beta from
      its target tissue was examined. The total oestradiol-17 beta binding capacity
      present in in-vitro incubations or injected into mice intravenously was related
      to the amount of [3H]oestradiol present in the media or intravenously injected
      into the animals respectively. When the ratio of binding capacity to
      [3H]oestradiol was above 74:1, [3H]oestradiol was successfully withheld from
      uterine tissue in vitro and in vivo. Injecting anti-oestradiol immunoglobulin
      into mice before administration of a tube-locking dose of oestradiol-17 beta
      ensured normal passage of ova through the oviduct. Daily administration of anti
      oestradiol immunoglobulin to PMSG-hCG stimulated mice (starting 72 h before hCG
      injection) induced retention of ova for at least 2 days beyond the time when all
      ova had left the oviducts of control animals. The binding capacity: oestradiol-17
      beta concentration ratios of sera from these animals were greater than 250:1
      throughout the experimental period. Non-specific immunoglobulin had no such
      effects, indicating the specificity of the anti-oestradiol immunoglobulin
      response.

PMID- 6834328
TI  - Fate of turkey spermatozoa after intrainfundibular and intramagnal inseminations.
AB  - About 92% of the spermatozoa recovered after intrainfundibular inseminations of
      turkey hens were in the infundibulum and 6% in the magnal segments 24 h later. Of
      the spermatozoa recovered after intramagnal inseminations, about 67% were in the
      infundibulum, 26% in the magnal segments, and a total of about 8% in the isthmus,
      uterus, and vagina. It is suggested that spermatozoa in the infundibulum and
      magnum are not transported in significant numbers in an abovarian direction.

PMID- 6834327
TI  - Oocyte normality after superovulation in immature rats.
AB  - The developmental ability of oocytes recovered from superovulated immature rats
      (40 i.u. PMSG) was compared with that of oocytes from control rats (4 i.u. PMSG).
      Oocytes were collected from the oviducts immediately after ovulation or from
      large follicles, and were transferred to one ovarian bursa of normal adult
      recipients. Fertilization and subsequent fetal development occurred in the
      recipients which were killed on Day 20. The proportions of oocytes surviving
      after transfer from the oviducts of donors which received 4 or 40 i.u. PMSG or
      from the follicles of those which received 40 i.u. PMSG were not significantly
      different. However, the proportion of oocytes surviving after recovery from the
      follicles of donors receiving 4 i.u. PMSG was significantly higher (P less than
      0.05). These studies suggest that oocytes recovered from superovulated or control
      rats are equally able to develop, and the failure to maintain pregnancy that has
      been reported for superovulated rats in previous studies is not attributable to
      defects in the oocytes.

PMID- 6834329
TI  - Germ cell development in female pouch young of the tammar wallaby (Macropus
      eugenii).
AB  - The cytology, timing, numbers and arrangement of germ cells in gonads of 35
      female tammar wallaby pouch young aged from newborn to 210 days post partum were
      determined from serial sections. Germ cell cytology was essentially similar to
      that in eutherians. The total number of germ cells per ovary reached a peak of
      about 4.5 X 10(5) at 50 days and was reduced to about 25% of the maximum value by
      210 days. The first oogonia developed from primordial germ cells soon after
      birth; the first meiotic oocytes were formed between 24 and 30 days;
      follicularization of diplotene oocytes began at about 50 days, and by 210 days
      normal, prefollicular germ cell development had ended. Successive stages of germ
      cells were initiated at the inner margin of the cortical region of the gonad and
      spread as a series of waves to the tunica albuginea. At all stages of oogonial
      and oocyte development many cells showed characteristic degenerative changes
      leading to atresia. The timing of female germ cell development in relation to
      gestation in tammars and humans is comparable if tammar gestation is taken to
      include pouch life.

PMID- 6834330
TI  - Effects of calcium on the growth of the rat conceptus during organogenesis in
      vitro.
AB  - Embryos explanted at 10 1/2 days were cultured for 24 h with the visceral yolk
      sac intact and with the parietal yolk sac intact or opened. The culture medium
      was undiluted rat serum or rat serum diluted with an equal volume of Hanks
      balanced saline solution. The calcium concentration of the medium was modified by
      the addition of calcium chloride. Optimum growth was achieved when the explants,
      with or without the parietal yolk sac intact, were cultured in medium containing
      0.5-2.0 mM added calcium. The calcium concentration was shown to affect the
      proliferation of trophoblast cells in the ectoplacental cone, the number of the
      trophoblastic giant cells in the parietal yolk sac and the expansion of the
      parietal yolk sac. Histochemical tests on the decidua and embryonic tissue
      demonstrated high concentrations of calcium around the ectoplacental cone of 10
      1/2 day rat embryos in vivo.

PMID- 6834331
TI  - Oestradiol-17 beta both inhibits and stimulates myometrial activity in ewes in
      vivo.
AB  - Spontaneous intrauterine pressure cycles were abolished for periods of several
      hours in ovariectomized non-pregnant ewes within 8 h of an injection of 50
      micrograms oestradiol-17 beta. Following the quiescent period, a phase of intense
      uterine activity ensued for several hours before again being replaced by several
      hours of quiescence. This active/inactive cycle disappeared after 2-4 days if
      further daily injections of oestradiol were not given. During the quiescent
      periods the uterus retained its responsiveness to oxytocin and PGF-2 alpha.
      Increasing the dose of oestradiol failed to prolong the periods of quiescence.

PMID- 6834332
TI  - Evidence for a defective seminiferous tubule barrier in testes of Tfm and Sxr
      mice.
AB  - The competence of the seminiferous tubule barrier was evaluated by determining
      the sucrose space in isolated testis preparations obtained from adult wild-type
      mice and from mutants having defects in spermatogenesis. The distribution of
      [3H]sucrose in testes from wild-type mice was in a space which constituted 18.5%
      of the [14C]urea space. The corresponding sucrose space in testes from Tfm/Y and
      Sxr/+ sterile mutants was elevated to 57.7% and 52.0%, respectively. Independent
      approaches to detect an impairment in the seminiferous tubule barrier of testes
      from Tfm/Y mice consisted of estimations of the osmotic barrier to hypertonic
      LiCl, using histological techniques, and determination of the testis sucrose
      space in vivo. With both approaches, results obtained supported the presence of
      an impaired barrier in testes of Tfm/Y mice. The sucrose space was within normal
      limits in testes of the other mutants examined, which were defective in
      spermatogenesis. The results do not provide any evidence for an impaired barrier
      in testes of mice having Movbr/Y and Gy/Y mutations, or the t6twl genotype.

PMID- 6834333
TI  - Bioassay for anti-chorionic gonadotrophin sera.
AB  - The method for a rapid bioassay for the neutralizing activities of antichorionic
      gonadotrophin sera is based on the inhibition of the increase in plasma
      testosterone concentrations in male mice after the injection of antiserum and
      human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The antisera were obtained from rhesus
      monkeys immunized against the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH
      beta). The anti-oLH beta sera neutralized the hCG-induced testosterone
      stimulation. A dose-response relationship for neutralization was found between 25
      and 200 microliters antiserum. Anti-hCG sera raised in human, chimpanzee and
      rabbit also neutralized the biological activity of hCG. The major advantage of
      this method is that the single injection of antiserum given before hCG
      administration leads to the hormone-antibody reaction in vivo.

PMID- 6834334
TI  - Seasonal changes in LH and prolactin concentrations in ewes of two breeds.
AB  - The current experiment was designed to investigate whether changes in prolactin
      concentrations might be involved in the seasonal change in responsiveness of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the negative feedback effects of oestradiol in the
      ewe. Twelve Dorset Horn ewes (long breeding season) and 12 Welsh Mountain ewes
      (short breeding season) were ovariectomized after insertion of empty subcutaneous
      implants (N = 2 per breed), or ones containing oestradiol-17 beta (N = 10 per
      breed). Intact ewes, 10 of each breed, were used to monitor breeding activity.
      Mean weekly plasma LH concentrations in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized ewes of
      both breeds were elevated over the period corresponding to their respective
      breeding seasons, but were basal during anoestrus. The changes in prolactin
      concentrations, however, followed the same temporal pattern in both breeds and
      were approximately parallel to changes in daylength. These data support the
      suggestion of a seasonal change in negative feedback responses to oestradiol
      which corresponds to changes in breeding activity, but any involvement of
      prolactin in this response remains questionable.

PMID- 6834335
TI  - Modification of the embryo-maternal relationship in ewes by progesterone
      treatment early in the oestrous cycle.
AB  - When 25 mg progesterone/day were injected into ewes on Days 0-3 of the oestrous
      cycle, (i) the subsequent cycle was shortened by 4 days and (ii) on Day 6 such
      ewes provided an acceptable uterine environment for the survival of 10-day-old
      embryos. We suggest that exposure of the non-pregnant uterus to approximately 8
      days of normal luteal concentrations of progesterone may be necessary to initiate
      luteolysis.

PMID- 6834336
TI  - Evidence for maternal control of blastocyst growth after asynchronous transfer of
      embryos to the uterus of the ewe.
AB  - The fate of embryos transferred asynchronously in the ewe was investigated when
      the functional life of the corpus luteum was prolonged by both hemi-hysterectomy
      and by the presence of a second synchronously transferred embryo. The development
      of asynchronously transferred embryos was assessed at progressively later stages
      after transfer. Prolongation of luteal function did not enable asynchronously
      transferred embryos to persist. Embryos from Day 4 donors were found to be
      retarded in their rate of development when placed in 'younger' Day 1 or 2 uteri
      and appeared unable to develop beyond the early blastocyst stage. Conversely,
      embryos from Day 4 donors placed in 'older' Day 6 or 7 uteri showed accelerated
      growth and development which was maintained until the uterus reached Day 12.
      Thereafter further growth of the asynchronously transferred embryos was retarded,
      although synchronously transferred embryos then entered the phase of rapid
      blastodermic vesicle elongation. Asynchronously transferred embryos disappeared
      from the uterus when the ewe entered pro-oestrus. The experiments demonstrate the
      existence of an active relationship between the embryo and the maternal
      environment during mid-cycle and an apparent lack of association between embryo
      size, growth rate and physiological maturation.

PMID- 6834337
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of the local immune system in the reproductive tract
      of the sow.
AB  - Tissues from the reproductive tract of sexually mature female pigs were examined
      histologically using antisera to porcine IgG, IgA and IgM coupled to horseradish
      peroxidase. Plasma cells synthesising all three immunoglobulins were found in all
      regions of the tract, with IgA-producing cells as the predominant type. Larger
      numbers of plasma cells were found in the lower region of the tract and the
      number of plasma cells was raised during oestrous. Intercellular staining of
      immunoglobulins was also observed and was also under hormonal influence. The
      results indicate the presence of a local mucosal immune system in the female
      reproductive tract of the pig.

PMID- 6834338
TI  - Quantitation and origin of immunoglobulins A, G and M in the secretions and
      fluids of the reproductive tract of the sow.
AB  - Immunoglobulin quantitation of fluids obtained from several regions of the female
      reproductive tract indicated the presence of IgG, IgA and IgM. IgG was almost
      invariably present in greatest amounts and IgM always made the smallest
      contribution. Although much of this immunoglobulin was derived from serum,
      evidence of the molecular size of IgA, the IgA and IgG ratios and that obtained
      from experiments involving the injection into sows of 125I-labelled
      immunoglobulin indicated that local synthesis within the tract also occurred.

PMID- 6834339
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of mouse placental trophoblast to cytotoxic effector
      cells.
AB  - The susceptibility of mouse placental cells to hyperimmune cell killing directed
      against paternal combined H-2 and non-H-2 antigens was investigated using
      [3H]uridine as a terminal label in an in vitro cell-mediated microcytotoxicity
      test. The stage of development of the conceptus from which the short-term
      placental cell monolayers were prepared determined their susceptibility to immune
      cell lysis. Cultures from whole placentae taken at 9 days post-coitum (p.c.) were
      not significantly affected whereas similar monolayers prepared at 10.5 days p.c.
      or later underwent extensive destruction. Embryonic fibroblasts were susceptible
      at all stages examined from 9-16 days p.c. The onset of susceptibility correlates
      with the reported appearance of H-2 antigens on the placenta during ontogeny. All
      cultures of dissected populations of 13-day p.c. placental spongiotrophoblast
      were susceptible but only 70% of those of labyrinthine trophoblast. It is
      suggested that of the two major trophoblastic components of the mouse placenta
      the spongiotrophoblast expresses antigens that render it vulnerable to maternal
      immune attack whilst the labyrinthine trophoblast is only weakly or non
      antigenic, with the observed killing being due largely to contamination of these
      cultures by antigenic foetal mesenchymal elements. Since failure to express
      appropriate target antigens cannot be the reason for the in vivo survival of the
      spongiotrophoblast it must be presumed that some form of immunoregulatory
      mechanism(s) is responsible for the maintenance of the foeto-placental allograft.

PMID- 6834340
TI  - The nature of an iso-antigen of the human sperm membrane.
AB  - An iso-antigen has been isolated from tritium-labelled human spermatozoa by
      detergent solubilization, lectin affinity chromatography and indirect
      immunoprecipitation using human iso-antisera. Isolated material was characterized
      by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With these iso-antisera it was
      possible to isolate material showing the same electrophoresis pattern, i.e. four
      polypeptide chains, one of molecular weight 41000, two around 77000 and one about
      120000. The same pattern was obtained with an auto-antiserum. Sequential indirect
      immunoprecipitation showed that iso- and auto-antisera can react against the same
      antigen.

PMID- 6834341
TI  - Physicians and patents.

PMID- 6834344
TI  - What physicians should know about the regulation of Obstetric and Gynecologic
      Medical Devices.

PMID- 6834346
TI  - Diagnostic endometrial aspiration with the Karman cannula.
AB  - Endometrial aspiration with the Karman cannula can be used to detect endometrial
      pathology. To document the feasibility and accuracy of endometrial aspiration
      with this cannula, 49 women were evaluated by this technique prior to diagnostic
      dilation and curettage (D&C). Completion rates for both endometrial aspiration
      and D&C were 96%. Endometrial aspiration yielded tissue adequate for histologic
      evaluation in 82% of cases as compared with 76% of D&C cases. Three cases of
      cancer (two endometrial and one endocervical) were identified by both techniques.
      A majority of patients expressed a preference for endometrial aspiration over
      D&C. Endometrial aspiration with the Karman cannula appears to be a convenient,
      accurate and acceptable method of detecting endometrial pathology.

PMID- 6834343
TI  - Hostility in women before and after amniocentesis.
AB  - Fifty women undergoing amniocentesis and a matched control group of pregnant
      women were administered the Symptom Questionnaire to evaluate changes in
      psychologic distress. They were divided into subgroups according to previous
      experiences of pregnancy (no previous pregnancy, previous live births and no
      terminated pregnancy, previous terminated pregnancy). The amniocentesis subgroups
      did not show changes in anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms significantly
      different from those of the corresponding control subgroups. Only hostility was
      characteristic of amniocentesis, and its patterns varied according to the
      previous history of pregnancy.

PMID- 6834345
TI  - Midtrimester genetic amniocentesis. Use of ultrasound direction vs. blind needle
      insertion.
AB  - A prospective comparison of ultrasound-directed second-trimester genetic
      amniocentesis to blind amniocentesis showed a significant reduction in the
      incidence of both bloody taps and failed amniocentesis. The incidence of other
      parameters, such as fetal outcome, failed culture of amniotic fluid fibroblasts
      and spontaneous abortion, was similar. These data support the use of
      amniocentesis under ultrasound control as a routine component of prenatal genetic
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6834342
TI  - Selective incorporation of fluorescein-labeled steroids in the vaginal epithelium
      of women of childbearing age.
AB  - The incorporation of fluorescein-labeled estradiol and desoxycorticosterone in
      human vaginal epithelial cells during the menstrual cycle was studied. The uptake
      of these steroids changes during the menstrual cycle and can be related to data
      on nuclear binding sites in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
      Further studies must be done to prove the effectiveness of this method as a test
      for the hormone sensitivity of tissue or cells, especially the sensitivity of
      neoplastic tissue to hormonal therapy.

PMID- 6834347
TI  - Tubal pregnancy coexisting with retrocecal gangrenous appendicitis. A case
      report.

PMID- 6834348
TI  - Pulmonary edema associated with the use of hydrocortisone and a tocolytic agent
      for the management of premature labor.
AB  - Three cases of peripartum pulmonary edema associated with steroid administration
      are reported. Two patients developed antepartum pulmonary edema after receiving
      hydrocortisone to promote fetal lung maturity. The third patient developed
      pulmonary edema shortly after delivery and after having received glucocorticoids
      antepartum.

PMID- 6834349
TI  - Choosing contraceptive steroids and doses.

PMID- 6834350
TI  - Hemostatic system changes induced by 50 micrograms and 30 micrograms
      estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives. Modification of estrogen effects by
      levonorgestrel.
AB  - Three oral contraceptive preparations were compared for effects on blood
      coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function in a total of 86 healthy young
      women. Two of the preparations contained 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol combined
      with levonorgestrel or norethindrone acetate, and the third contained 50
      micrograms mestranol and norethindrone. Tests were conducted before use of the
      agents, at intervals over 48 weeks' use and after discontinuation. This study
      showed that the changes in coagulation activity and fibrinolysis were largely
      related to the dose of estrogen in the contraceptive preparation; the smallest
      changes occurred with the low-dose (30 micrograms) preparations. This study also
      showed that changes occurring in certain coagulation factors and inhibitors were
      significantly smaller in the preparation containing 30 micrograms of ethinyl
      estradiol combined with levonorgestrel, suggesting that the progestogen used in
      these combination oral contraceptives modifies the estrogen effects.

PMID- 6834352
TI  - The colposcopy clinic in a residency training program. Five years' experience
      with colposcopically directed biopsies followed by conization or hysterectomy.
AB  - Five hundred fifty-four patients with abnormal cytologic smears were screened in
      a special clinic by gynecology residents under faculty supervision using
      colposcopy and biopsies. Two hundred fifty patients who were evaluated by
      colposcopy subsequently had conization or hysterectomy. Colposcopically directed
      biopsies were accurate (comparable to the surgical specimen) in 92%. Three
      patients had invasive cancer high in the endocervical canal that was found by
      conization after endocervical curettage and colposcopy had indicated less-severe
      disease. Persistent or recurrent dysplasia was found in approximately 5% after
      conization and in none after hysterectomy. Because 23% of patients were lost to
      follow-up after treatment and an additional 19% had inadequate follow-up,
      management of CIN III with local destruction (cryocautery, electrocautery, laser)
      does not seem advisable.

PMID- 6834353
TI  - The "unsatisfactory" colposcopic examination.
AB  - One hundred nine of 735 patients (14.8%) referred for colposcopic evaluation had
      "unsatisfactory" examinations. Of 108 women 40 years of age or over, 81 had
      unsatisfactory examinations (45%) as compared with 28 of 555 women under 40 (5%)
      (p less than 0.001). Thirty-five of the 109 patients with unsatisfactory
      examinations (32%) had had prior cautery or conization as compared with 141 of
      626 in the "satisfactory" group (22.5%) (p less than 0.04). Seventy-three of the
      99 patients on whom follow-up information was obtained had cervical conization
      biopsies for final diagnoses. Correlation with previously performed endocervical
      curettage and colposcopically directed biopsies was poor. Careful correlation of
      cytology, colposcopy and histopathology is necessary to achieve optimal results
      in the management of patients with unsatisfactory examinations. Diagnostic
      conization continues to play an important role in the management of patients with
      abnormal cervical cytology.

PMID- 6834351
TI  - Colposcopically directed conization for frozen-section examination in the
      management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
AB  - We found colposcopically directed conization for frozen-section (F/S) examination
      to be 100% accurate in ruling out the presence of invasive cervical carcinoma.
      Therefore, the definitive treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-
      hysterectomy in women who do not want more children--could be performed while the
      patient was still under the anesthetic used during procurement of the conization
      specimen. This technique reduces the risk of using anesthesia a second time and
      also reduces the costs of CIN treatment. Colposcopically directed conization
      should be done by experienced colposcopists only.

PMID- 6834355
TI  - Incarcerated foramen of Bochdalek hernia during pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Symptomatic diaphragmatic hernia during pregnancy is a rare but potentially
      dangerous occurrence. A delay in diagnosis and treatment may be fatal to both the
      woman and the fetus. A case occurred of incarceration of the colon through a
      foramen of Bochdalek hernia; the diagnosis was made postpartum, with a successful
      maternal outcome. The failure of conservative measures to adequately diagnose and
      treat commonly voiced gastrointestinal complaints may lead to a delay in
      recognizing serious pathology.

PMID- 6834356
TI  - Shock after phenothiazine administration in a pregnant patient with a
      pheochromocytoma. A case report and literature review.
AB  - A pregnant patient with undiagnosed bilateral pheochromocytoma developed shock
      and pulmonary edema subsequent to the administration of a phenothiazine. The
      patient had developed a paradoxic hypertensive response to hydralazine. A high
      index of suspicion is required for diagnosing a pheochromocytoma that mimics
      toxemia of pregnancy. There is an urgent need for prompt plasma expansion for the
      pregnant patient in shock, even when pulmonary edema is present.

PMID- 6834354
TI  - Colposcopic and pathologic features in two cases of DES-related vaginal clear
      cell adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Two cases of vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma occurred as a result of maternal
      ingestion of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy. The first case was diagnosed
      during the patient's first office visit. The second patient was first seen by the
      authors in 1976 and was followed at six-month intervals during the ensuing six
      years; the adenocarcinoma developed during this interval. Colposcopy and cytology
      were important in the diagnosis of both cases.

PMID- 6834357
TI  - Successful management of a quadruplet pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A quadruplet pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound antenatally and managed
      successfully in a community teaching hospital. The patient was hospitalized at 27
      weeks' gestation. She was treated with a high-protein, high-calorie diet.
      Sonographic follow-up and monitoring of fetal growth were done, glucocorticoids
      were given to attempt to stimulate fetal pulmonary maturity, and Ritodrine was
      given orally as a prophylactic. On three occasions intravenous Ritodrine was used
      to inhibit premature labor. A well-organized delivery plan with interdepartmental
      cooperation achieved the successful delivery of four babies at approximately 33
      weeks.

PMID- 6834358
TI  - Amplification of the opsonic activity of fibronectin by a plasma factor lacking
      gelatin affinity.
AB  - The opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin is important in modulating the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic removal of a variety of endogenous
      and exogenous particulate material from the vascular compartment. Purification of
      plasma-opsonic fibronectin by affinity chromatography with gelatin-Sepharose
      revealed that although in vitro hepatic Kupffer cell phagocytosis was absolutely
      dependent upon the presence of fibronectin, the purified fibronectin evaluated in
      concentrations similar to that found in plasma (350-450 micrograms/ml) supported
      phagocytosis at a level two- to threefold less than that observed in whole
      plasma. In contrast, the combination of purified fibronectin with small aliquots
      of opsonically inactive fibronectin-free plasma restored normal opsonic activity
      as assessed by liver slice bioassay and enhanced fibronectin-mediated attachment
      of gelatinized particulate to isolated Kupffer cells in vitro. Evidence is
      presented in this study that there exists in plasma a macromolecular species that
      amplifies the opsonic activity of fibronectin in a dose-related manner. This
      amplification or cofactor activity is nondialysable and has a molecular weight
      greater than 12,000. Inactivation of the amplification activity present in
      affinity-absorbed plasma can be achieved by heating the fibronectin-free plasma
      at 60 degrees C for 20 min, supporting the hypothesis that the cofactor is a
      protein. The amplification response is dose related, suggesting that the
      mechanism of its action is stoichiometric rather than catalytic. Evidence is
      presented that partial purification of the cofactor can be achieved by (NH4)2SO4
      precipitation at 4 degrees C. Purification of this cofactor will provide an
      opportunity to evaluate its role in the altered opsonic states known to exist
      after trauma, burn, and sepsis.

PMID- 6834359
TI  - NCTC 1469 CB, a subline of the macrophage-like cell line NCTC 1469 with reduced
      phagocytic activity.
AB  - A variant subline, NCTC 1469 CB, of the macrophage-like cell line NCTC 1469 is
      described. NCTC 1469 CB cells are macrophage-like cells as the cells adhere,
      phagocytose carbon particles, have Fc and complement receptors and high levels of
      lysosomal enzymes. NCTC 1469 CB cells, however, do not phagocytose erythrocytes
      coated with IgG and complement, while the original NCTC 1469 cells phagocytose
      these coated erythrocytes in large amounts. The NCTC 1469 CB cells might be
      interesting for the study of mechanisms of Fc- and complement-mediated processes.

PMID- 6834361
TI  - Effect of local and systemic macrophage activation in hamsters on infection with
      Treponema pertenue and Treponema pallidum Bosnia A.
AB  - The role of nonspecific macrophage activation in the destruction of treponemes
      needs to be defined. Studies have been hindered by an inability to confirm that
      macrophages have enhanced bactericidal activity at the site of treponemal
      infection. We show that subcutaneous and intravenous vaccination with BCG
      (Mycobacterium bovis) induces macrophage activation in hamsters, as determined by
      an enhanced ability to suppress the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the
      livers, spleens, and inguinal lymph nodes. However, hamsters challenged in the
      inguinal region with Treponema pertenue during periods of enhanced microbial
      resistance (3 to 8 weeks after BCG vaccination) developed lesions faster and with
      more necrosis. Increased numbers of treponemes were recovered from the regional
      lymph nodes of BCG-vaccinated hamsters than from nonvaccinated controls, although
      the differences were not statistically significant. No pathological differences
      were detected in BCG-vaccinated and non-vaccinated hamsters challenged with
      Treponema pallidum Bosnia A. These studies demonstrate that BCG vaccination
      influences the pathogenesis of some treponemal diseases without inducing
      macrophage-mediated treponemicidal activity.

PMID- 6834362
TI  - Human neutrophil membrane topography: examination of distribution, movement, and
      regeneration of recognition sites using lectins as probes.
AB  - We have studied the pattern of membrane binding site redistribution, movement,
      and reappearance in polarized and nonpolarized human neutrophils using
      fluorescein and rhodamine-labeled lectins as probes. In suspension,
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were spherical and displayed a random array of
      recognition sites for all of the probes. PMN polarized in suspension by 10(-6) M
      N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-phenylalanine (f-Met-Phe), and PMN attached to substrate
      accumulated the bound lectin recognition site complex at the uropod (for Con A;
      92.0 +/- 0.2% of cells and 91.3 +/- 9.8% of cells, respectively). Glutaraldehyde
      fixation of neutrophils oriented in a chemotactic gradient prior to lectin
      addition revealed the innate unbound recognition site array. Unbound Con A
      recognition sites were clustered at the front of 74.7 +/- 0.8% of cells in a
      "headlight" pattern, but binding sites for other lectins were distributed
      randomly around the polarized cell. When bound Con A complexes are swept to the
      tail of the polarized living PMN, "new" unbound Con A binding sites appear at the
      front of the cell. Neither cycloheximide nor KCN nor colchicine interferred with
      new binding site appearance. Cytochalasin B and sodium iodacetate prevented PMN
      polarization and interfered with appearance of new receptors. This suggests that
      these fresh sites are uncovered, previously cryptic binding sites rather than
      newly synthesized structures. Lectin binding site topography and movement are
      related to the functional state of the PMN. Since both Con A and certain bacteria
      bind to mannose derivatives, we postulate that the "headlight pattern" and
      uncovering of fresh binding sites aid the PMN in engulfing organisms as the
      phagocyte moves forward.

PMID- 6834363
TI  - Redistribution of mouse spleen cell Fc receptors following treatment with mouse
      or human aggregated immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells treated with the Fc receptor ligands mouse IgG2b and human
      IgG, followed or not by a second antibody, exhibit different patterns of
      redistribution. In the work reported here we have examined the redistribution of
      Fc receptors (FcR) after binding of aggregated mouse IgG2b (Alg) or of Alg
      followed by anti-lg. We were particularly interested in learning whether binding
      of isologous Alg to FcR is followed by significant redistribution and shedding of
      Alg-FcR complexes. Mouse IgG2b alone will not induce capping even after 60 min at
      37 degrees C. Human IgG induces some capping with minor shedding of complexes.
      Human IgG followed by anti-IgG readily induces capping by 15 min on 70% of the
      cells. This treatment also induces capping by 60 min at 20 degrees C on about 80%
      of the cells with a moderate degree of shedding of complexes. This is in
      agreement with the concept that the crosslinking required for FcR capping can be
      best induced with a second antibody. It is of interest, however, that
      heterologous IgG, unlike isologous, can induce a modest degree of capping and
      slight shedding even without the second antibody, suggesting that some
      crosslinking occurs with heterologous IgG.

PMID- 6834360
TI  - The activation of tumoricidal properties in macrophages of endotoxin responder
      and nonresponder mice by liposome-encapsulated immunomodulators.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether various immunomodulators
      such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lymphokines with macrophage activation factor
      (MAF), or muramyl dipeptide (MDP) could activate the tumoricidal properties in
      LPS-responsive C3H/HeN and LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. In all studies we
      examined the interaction of the different immunomodulators in a free form or
      encapsulated within liposomes (multilamellar vesicles) with alveolar macrophages
      (AM) and/or peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM). In vivo infection with viable
      Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG, induced the development of highly activated
      macrophages from C3H/HeN mice, yet only marginally activated macrophages from
      C3H/HeJ mice. In vitro incubation with MAF or LPS rendered AM and PEM from
      C3H/HeN, but not C3H/HeJ, mice tumoricidal. The failure of C3H/HeJ macrophages to
      respond to LPS stimulation was due to an intracellular defect. C3H/HeJ
      macrophages bound fluorescein-conjugated LPS to the same extent as that found for
      C3H/HeN macrophages. Furthermore, LPS encapsulated in liposomes activated C3H/HeN
      but not C3H/HeJ AM and/or PEM. Macrophages from both strains could be rendered
      highly tumoricidal following interaction with free MDP or following endocytosis
      of liposomes containing MDP or MAF. These results indicate that the inability of
      C3H/HeJ macrophages to respond to LPS stimulation is specific and that the
      activation of macrophages by different immunomodulators could occur by different
      pathways.

PMID- 6834364
TI  - Particle binding, phagocytosis, and plastic substrate adherence characteristics
      of alveolar macrophages from rats acutely treated with chlorphentermine.
AB  - The effects of acute treatment with the phospholipidosis-inducing agent
      chlorphentermine (CP) on alveolar macrophage (AM) function heretofore have not
      been investigated. We evaluated the effects of acute CP treatment on the
      functional status of AM by comparing Fc receptor (FcR) and "nonspecific substance
      receptor"-mediated particle binding and phagocytic activities, as well as the
      plastic substrate adherence characteristics of AM lavaged from control (CONT-AM)
      and CP-treated (CP-AM) rats. Acute CP treatment caused an impairment in AM
      phagocytosis and binding of sheep red blood cells opsonized with immunoglobulin G
      (IgG). Although CONT-AM and CP-AM avidities for tanned human red blood cells were
      indistinguishable, phagocytosis of these particles by CP-AM was diminished in a
      manner similar to that found for FcR-mediated phagocytosis. Analyses of the
      distributions of test particles in phagocytizing CONT-AM and CP-AM indicated that
      the phagocytic activity of a subset of CP-AM was compromised by drug treatment.
      Populations of CP-AM were also found to be less adherent in a plastic substrate
      adherence assay verified with a poorly adherent AM population. Unlike studies
      involving chronic CP-treatment, our studies indicate acute CP administration
      results in an impairment in AM phagocytic activity and a reduction in FcR
      mediated particle binding.

PMID- 6834365
TI  - Intraocular lenses.

PMID- 6834368
TI  - What is indigestion?
AB  - Ninety patients and 30 senior hospital doctors were questioned about indigestion
      and dyspepsia. There were marked discrepancies between the views of patients and
      doctors. Most doctors considered indigestion to be synonymous with dyspepsia and
      associated it with peptic ulcer. Patients, however, were not generally conversant
      with the term dyspepsia and linked indigestion with psychological factors,
      feeding patterns and bowel function rather than physical illness. The patients'
      concept of indigestion corresponded closely with medically-accepted features of
      irritable bowel syndrome. Uncritical use of these terms may lead to
      misinterpretation of the patient's complaint and inappropriate management.

PMID- 6834367
TI  - Indigestion.

PMID- 6834369
TI  - Effect of experimental hypothyroidism on hearing in adult guinea pigs.
AB  - A group of guinea pigs was rendered hypothyroid using propylthiouracil solution
      in their drinking water. The animals were hypothyroid for at least 120 days.
      During this time no change was noted in their hearing thresholds for high
      frequency clicks. The audiometric evaluation was performed using brainstem evoked
      response audiometry.

PMID- 6834366
TI  - Brown adipose tissue, hibernation and obesity.

PMID- 6834370
TI  - Effect of pindolol on stress-related disturbances of musical performance:
      preliminary communication.
AB  - The effect of 5 mg pindolol on stress-induced disturbances of performance were
      assessed in 30 professional musicians. An overall inverse relationship was found
      between anxiety and musical performance. Reduction in anxiety by administration
      of pindolol was associated with a subjective improvement in performance. A stress
      related tachycardia and increase in systolic blood pressure were attenuated.
      Pindolol had no effect on peak flow measurements.

PMID- 6834371
TI  - Future of general practitioner obstetrics: discussion paper.

PMID- 6834372
TI  - Detention of psychiatric patients and international human rights: discussion
      paper.

PMID- 6834373
TI  - Spastic deformities of the hindfoot: a review.

PMID- 6834375
TI  - Anetoderma secondary to syphilis.

PMID- 6834376
TI  - Unusual lump in the groin.

PMID- 6834374
TI  - Brown adipose tissue in man: a review.

PMID- 6834377
TI  - Actinomycosis of the larynx.

PMID- 6834378
TI  - Mechanism of steroid anesthetic action: interactions of alphaxalone and delta 16
      alphaxalone with bilayer vesicles.

PMID- 6834379
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of synthetic antibiotic analogues of anisomycin.
AB  - A general synthetic sequence was used to synthesize a series of analogues of
      anisomycin, and the biological activities of the new synthetic analogues as
      antiprotozoals, antifungals, and antibacterials were evaluated. The synthetic
      antibiotics included 3 beta-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-2 beta-(p
      methylbenzyl)pyrrolidine (1b), 3 beta-acetoxy-2 beta-benzyl-4 alpha
      hydroxypyrrolidine (1c), 3 beta-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-2 beta-(m
      methoxybenzyl)pyrrolidine (1d), 3 beta-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-2 beta-(o
      methoxybenzyl)pyrrolidine (1e), 3 beta-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-2 beta-(alpha
      methyl-p-methoxybenzyl)pyrrolidine (1f), and 3 beta-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-2
      beta-(alpha-phenyl-p-methoxybenzyl)pyrrolidine (1g). The anisomycin analogues
      showed activity against protozoa and fungi, but this activity was restricted
      primarily to the p-methylbenzyl and benzyl analogues 1b and 1c. The activities
      dropped dramatically as the methoxy substituent was moved to the meta or ortho
      positions of the benzyl group (1d and 1e) or a methyl or phenyl group was
      attached at the alpha-benzyl carbon (1f and 1g).

PMID- 6834380
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships for 2
      [(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]pyridine 1-oxide herbicides.
AB  - Phenyl-substituted analogues of 2-[(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]pyridine 1-oxide
      preemergent herbicides were examined in order to determine quantitative
      relationships between structure and activity against the following three weed
      species: switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa
      crusgalli L. Beauv.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.). Analogues
      were chosen to provide maximum parameter orthogonality. Regression analysis
      yielded structure-activity relationships wherein the most significant substituent
      parameters associated with herbicidal activity were found to be the partition
      coefficient (pi), the molar refractivity (MR), and two indicator variables, Z
      (denoting the presence of an alpha-methyl group) and H (denoting an ortho
      substituent capable of hydrogen bonding). For green foxtail, the structure
      activity relationship was found to be: -log ED50 = 0.43 pi -0.052MR + 0.50H +
      0.24Z + 0.61, where ED50 is expressed in moles per acre. The regression equations
      were found to explain 79-93% of the bioactivity for the three weed species
      studied. It was further shown that these equations represent the best possible
      correlations within the limitations of the biological data.

PMID- 6834381
TI  - Geometries and conformational processes in phencyclidine and a rigid adamantyl
      analogue: variable-temperature NMR, X-ray crystallographic, and molecular
      mechanics studies.
AB  - The barriers to rotation of the aryl groups of m-nitrophenyladamantylpiperidine
      and m-nitrophenylcyclohexylpiperidine have been studied by variable-temperature
      NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra of the free bases and salts of
      phenyladamantylpiperidine and phenylcyclohexylpiperidine (phencyclidine) and an X
      ray crystal structure of the adamantane derivative verify the preferred
      conformations of these molecules in solution and the solid state. Force-field
      calculations provide additional information on the energetics of conformational
      processes in these molecules.

PMID- 6834382
TI  - Synthesis of 1-(aminomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and their actions at
      adrenoceptors in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - An improved synthesis of 1-(aminomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines has been
      developed by using aluminum hydride reduction of 1-cyano-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydroisoquinolines. Three 1-(aminomethyl)-6,7
      dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines were tested for actions at beta adrenoceptors in
      order to examine a proposed similarity between this series and the related
      phenylethanolamines. The aminomethyl, (isopropylamino)methyl, and (tert
      butylamino)methyl derivatives all showed weak partial agonist activity at beta
      adrenoceptors and the first also showed weak alpha adrenoceptor agonist activity
      in vivo. Their low potency implies that the catechol group of THIQ
      sympathomimetics, such as trimetoquinol, binds differently from that of the
      natural catecholamines. The protonation behavior of representative aminomethyl
      THIQ's was investigated by pKa measurement and 1H and 13C NMR, and the compounds
      were shown to be substantially monoprotonated, on the exocyclic nitrogen, at
      physiological pH.

PMID- 6834383
TI  - Synthesis and central dopaminergic activities of (+/-)-hexahydro-7H-indolo[3,4
      gh][1,4]benzoxazine derivatives [(+/-)-9-oxaergolines].
AB  - The synthesis and biological activities of a series of (+/-)-hexahydro-7H
      indolo[3,4-gh][1,4]benzoxazine derivatives [(+/-)-trans-9-oxaergolines] with
      central dopamine (DA) agonist properties are described. The compounds were
      prepared from [2aRS-(2a alpha,4 beta,5 alpha)]-4-amino-1,2,2a,3,4, 5-hexahydro-1
      (phenylmethyl)benz[cd]indol-5-ol (6b) by alkaline cyclization of the
      corresponding N-chloracetamide 7b, followed by reduction of the amido group [5aRS
      (5a alpha, 6a beta, 10a alpha)]-4,5,5a,6,6a,7,9, 10a-octahydro-4-(phenylmethyl)
      7H-indolo[3,4-gh][1,4]benzoxazin-8-one (8b) with LiAlH4. After debenzylation of
      the resulting amine 9a, the indoline ring of [5aRS-(5a alpha, 6a beta, 10a
      alpha)]-4,5,5a,6,6a,8,9, 10a-octahydro-7H-indolo[3,4-gh][1,4 ]benzoxazine (10a)
      was dehydrogenated with MnO2 to give (+/-)-trans-9-oxaergoline (11a), which can
      be alkylated on the nitrogen (11b,c and 12) and brominated in position 2 (13a,b).
      The compounds were examined in vitro for their ability to bind to DA receptors
      and to inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion in pituitary cells in culture, in vivo
      both for their DA stimulant effects at the striatal level (circling in 6-OHDA
      lesioned animals, DA turnover, and stereotypy) and inhibitory effects on plasma
      PRL levels in rats, and for their emetic effects in dogs. Most of the tested
      compounds were active in these tests, and the potency of (+/-)-trans-6-n-propyl-9
      oxaergoline (11c) was comparable to that of pergolide mesylate.

PMID- 6834384
TI  - Improved delivery through biological membranes. 13. Brain-specific delivery of
      dopamine with a dihydropyridine in equilibrium with pyridinium salt type redox
      delivery system.
AB  - The dihydropyridine in equilibrium with pyridinium salt type redox delivery
      system was used for the brain-specific delivery of dopamine. In vivo
      administration of the catechol-protected dopamine coupled with 1,4
      dihydrotrigonelline as the carrier resulted in brain-specific, high and sustained
      concentrations of the 1-methyl-3-[N-[beta-(3,4
      dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl]pyridinium salt, the direct dopamine precursor,
      locked in the brain for many hours, while systemic concentration decreased fast,
      with a t 1/2 of less than 30 min. Significant dopaminergic activity was observed
      in the brain, which was sustained for hours.

PMID- 6834385
TI  - 4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-[(imino)methyl]piperidines as gastric antisecretory agents.
AB  - 4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinemethanimine (1) is a potent oral gastric
      antisecretory agent in rats but contains a strong anticholinergic component.
      Since a nonanticholinergic gastric antisecretory drug would be useful in the
      treatment of peptic ulcer disease, a program was initiated by us to find such an
      agent based on 1. Compound 1 contains structural elements common to the
      anticholinergics atropine and homatropine. Studies on the structure-activity
      relationships of these compounds and their derivatives have revealed certain
      modifications that diminish or abolish anticholinergic activity. The application
      of these modifications to the design of analogues of 1 afforded an antisecretory
      compound, 4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-[(octylimino)methyl]piperidine (3h, fenoctimine),
      which exhibited no anticholinergic activity. Fenoctimine is undergoing clinical
      trial as a gastric antisecretory drug.

PMID- 6834386
TI  - Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AB  - A series of aminoalkyl-substituted pyridylureas has been prepared and evaluated
      as inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. N,N-Dimethyl-N'-[2
      (diisopropylamino)ethyl]-N'-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)urea (8g) was the most potent
      example of the class. Comparison of this compound with cimetidine showed it to be
      equipotent in dogs stimulated with gastrin tetrapeptide but approximately half as
      potent in dogs stimulated with histamine. Inhibition of secretion does not appear
      to result from antagonism of the histamine H2 receptor, since the compounds show
      only weak inhibition of the H2 receptor in vitro.

PMID- 6834387
TI  - Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of 3'-azido and 3'-amino analogues of
      pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside.
AB  - Several new 3'-azido and 3'-amino nucleosides (8, 9, 12, and 13) have been
      synthesized and their biological activities evaluated. Among them, 3'-amino-2',3'
      dideoxycytidine (13) was found to exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against both
      L1210 and S-180 cells in vitro with an ID50 of 0.7 and 4.0 microM, respectively.
      Furthermore, 13 has also shown antitumor activity against L1210 tumor bearing
      mice with a T/C X 100 value of 283.

PMID- 6834388
TI  - Design, synthesis, and testing of antisickling agents. 2. Proline derivatives
      designed for the donor site.
AB  - We have used a three-dimensional model of deoxyhemoglobin to design potential
      antisickling agents with an intended binding site in the vicinity of the beta-6
      mutation (donor site). Two proline derivatives, (4S)-1-butyryl-4
      [(carboxymethyl)amino]-L-proline (9a) and its 1-benzoyl analogue (9b), were
      designed to interact, via ionic or hydrogen bonds, with polar residues beta His
      2, beta Thr-4, and beta Lys-132 of hemoglobin S (HbS). Two other proline
      derivatives containing a salicylate leaving group, (4S)-1-butyryl-4
      [(carboxymethyl)methylamino]-L-proline, 2-ester with salicyclic acid (14a), and
      its 1-benzoyl analogue (14b), were designed to bind covalently to beta Lys-132,
      as well as to interact with beta His-2 and beta Thr-4 via ionic and hydrogen
      bonds. This paper describes the synthesis of these agents, beginning with natural
      L-hydroxyproline methyl ester, and the testing of their ability to increase or
      decrease the solubility of dHbS by using a standard solubility assay. The
      covalent derivatives 14a,b were found to be inactive, while the noncovalent
      compounds 9a,b showed weak antigelling activity, below that observed for
      phenylalanine. The presence of only weak activity does not invalidate this
      approach, since only one structural parameter has been investigated.

PMID- 6834389
TI  - Preparation of 2-amino-4(3H)-oxopyrimido[5,4-b] [1,4]thiazines (5-thiapterins)
      and their evaluation as cofactors for phenylalanine hydroxylase.
AB  - Reaction of diethyl chloromalonate with beta-mercapto amines, 9, gave 1,4-thiazin
      3-ones, 10, which were alkylated exclusively at the lactam oxygen with
      triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and subsequently condensed with guanidine to
      give the first reported 5-thiapterins, 8. Oxidation of 8 with m
      chloroperoxybenzoic acid gave the S-oxides, 12. Both 8 and 12 were found to be
      good inhibitors of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase competitive with 6
      methyltetrahydropterin, with 8 exhibiting lower Ki's than the corresponding 12.
      The 8-thiapterin 4 was a much poorer inhibitor.

PMID- 6834390
TI  - Substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones vs. the ascitic sarcoma 180 of mice.
AB  - Twelve 1,4-naphthoquinones have been tested against the ascitic form of sarcoma
      180 in Swiss mice. Statistical analysis shows that the most important molecular
      parameter determining their effectiveness in prolonging the life of mice bearing
      this tumor is their redox potentials. Although the toxicities of the compounds
      are also related to the redox potentials in the same way, the therapeutic indexes
      can be increased by adding substituents of greater lipophilicity. The
      naphthoquinones differ greatly in antitumor activities and may inhibit the growth
      of malignant cells by different mechanisms.

PMID- 6834391
TI  - omicron-Quinone formation in the biochemical oxidation of the antitumor drug N2
      methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium acetate.
AB  - The activation of N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium acetate (4) by a peroxidase-
      H2O2 system leads to the formation of an omicron-quinone (7a). This omicron
      quinone is not directly generated from the starting material but through a
      quinone imine intermediate (6) which is subsequently oxidized. This reaction is
      highly dependent on pH values. The omicron-quinone 7a is easily protonated (7b),
      gives an addition product with methanol (9), and is reduced by cysteine. The
      omicron-quinone 7b has a rather low inhibitory effect against L1210 leukemia cell
      multiplication but acts as an electron carrier and dramatically augments the
      oxygen consumption in xanthine oxidase-NADH and rat liver microsomes-NADPH
      systems.

PMID- 6834392
TI  - 2-(Aminomethyl)phenols, a new class of saluretic agents. 5. Fused-ring analogues.
AB  - A number of bicyclic ring-fused analogues of 2-(aminomethyl)phenol were
      synthesized and tested orally in rats and intravenously in dogs for saluretic and
      diuretic effects. Of the 15 alicylic, aromatic, and heterocyclic ring-fused
      compounds tested, only 2-(aminomethyl)-4-chloro-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride (2)
      and 7-(aminomethyl)-6-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
      hydrochloride (6) displayed a high order of activity.

PMID- 6834393
TI  - 2-(Aminomethyl)phenols, a new class of saluretic agents. 6. Effects of N,O
      spiroannulation and subsequent quaternization.
AB  - The synthesis of a number of 3,4-dihydrospiro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines and their
      corresponding benzoxazinium salts are reported. The saluretic effects displayed
      by these N,O-spiroannulated 2-(aminomethyl)phenols appear to be, in part,
      inversely related to their respective in vivo rates of hydrolysis. Good
      antihypertensive effects are found only in spirobenzoxazinium 22. Thus, a
      combination of spiroannulation and quaternization on 2 to produce 22 leads to a
      loss of saluretic effects with maintenance of antihypertensive effects and,
      thereby, serves to separate these pharmacological properties.

PMID- 6834394
TI  - Antifertility agents. 38. Effect of the side chain and its position on the
      activity of 3,4-diarylchromans.
AB  - In a study of the effect of the substituent on the receptor binding affinity
      (RBA), estrogenicity, and antiimplantation (AI) activity in trans-3,4
      diarylchromans, it has been found that demethylation of trans-2, 2-dimethyl-3
      phenyl-4-[p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy)phenyl]-7-methoxychroman (centchroman, 1) to
      the corresponding 7-hydroxy compound (7) results in a 20-fold increase in RBA
      (112%) without any appreciable change in AI activity. On the other hand, absence
      of the pyrrolidinoethyl group from the 4-phenyl residue (6) leads to a drop in
      both RBA and AI activity. A chain length of two to three carbon atoms and a
      pyrrolidino ring appear to be necessary for activity in these compounds. It has
      been found that while the trans isomers with the tertiary aminoalkoxy side chain
      in the para position of the 4-phenyl radical were the most active, in the
      corresponding cis-chromans and chromenes, analogues with this chain in the meta
      position were most active; the ortho substituted compounds of all these series
      were inactive. In 3-phenyl-substituted compounds, the trans isomer carrying the p
      hydroxy substituent (33) was found to be the most active; the corresponding
      pyrrolidinoethyl ether (13) showed a lower order of activity. The implication of
      these observations on the mapping of the different subsites on the receptor has
      been discussed.

PMID- 6834395
TI  - Synthesis and antiallergic activity of some acidic derivatives of 4H-pyrimido[2,1
      b]benzazol-4-ones.
AB  - Reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzoxazole, and 2-amino-1
      methylbenzimidazole with dimethyl aminofumarate (DMAF) or diethyl
      ethoxymethylenemalonate (DEEM) led to 2- or 3-carboxy-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzazol
      4-ones, respectively. Subsequent derivatization of these carboxylic acids gave
      the corresponding tetrazolylcarboxamides and tetrazoles. These acidic compounds
      were tested in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay as potential
      antiallergic agents. Many of the compounds displayed activity comparable to that
      shown by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) when tested by the intraperitoneal route,
      and some, unlike DSCG, also showed activity when tested orally.

PMID- 6834396
TI  - Antimycotic azoles. 6. Synthesis and antifungal properties of terconazole, a
      novel triazole ketal.
AB  - The preparation and antifungal properties of cis-1-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2
      (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-4-(1
      methylethyl)piperazine are reported. Terconazole has a high topical in vivo
      activity against vaginal candidosis in rats and against dermatophytosis in guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 6834397
TI  - Symposium: 3. Legislation is likely to create more difficulties than it resolves.

PMID- 6834398
TI  - The ethics of resource allocation: a case study.
AB  - The paper analyses the factors involved in a series of decisions by the Newcastle
      Area Health Authority concerning the future of one of its hospitals, as an
      illustration of the way in which choices about priorities in the health service
      are actually made. There is no easy way to resolve the various conflicts of
      interest, notably in this case the competing demands of acute and chronic
      medicine. Difficult decisions are made more difficult, however, by the over-rigid
      division of medicine into compartments, by mistrust between the medical
      profession and administrators, and by the inordinately long time-scale of the
      decision-making process. It is suggested that there might be value in
      acknowledging explicitly that occasional examples of 'heroic medicine' must not
      be allowed too much influence in shaping public expectations. The paper results
      from the deliberations of a working group on current medical-ethical problems,
      set up under the auspices of the Northern Regional Health Authority (I).

PMID- 6834399
TI  - The ethics of resource allocation.

PMID- 6834400
TI  - Whole-brain death reconsidered.
AB  - The author, a philosopher, suggests that the concept of death should be left as
      it is 'in its present indeterminate state', and that we ought to reject attempts
      to define death in terms of whole-brain death or any other type of brain death,
      including cerebral death and 'irreversible coma'. Instead of 'fiddling with the
      definition of death' clear rules should be established specifying 'what can be
      appropriately done to whom when'.

PMID- 6834401
TI  - Whole-brain death reconsidered--physiological facts and philosophy.
AB  - Four main areas generating confusion in discussion on brain death are identified
      as a) the relation of criteria of death to concepts of death, b) the argument
      about whether death is an event or a process, c) the inadequate differentiation
      of different neurological entities having different cardiac prognoses, and d)
      insufficient awareness of the separate issues of 'determining death' and
      'allowing to die'. It is argued that if by death we mean the dissolution of the
      human 'organism as a whole', then whole-brain death is death. Behavioural
      patterns, legitimate in the presence of a cadaver, should be legitimate from the
      time whole-brain death is diagnosed.

PMID- 6834402
TI  - A defence of medical paternalism: maximising patients' autonomy.
AB  - All illness represents a state of diminished autonomy and therefore the doctor
      patient relationship necessarily and justifiably involves a degree of medical
      paternalism argues the author, an American medical student. In a broad-ranging
      paper he discusses the concepts of autonomy and paternalism in the context of the
      doctor-patient relationship. Given the necessary diminution of autonomy which
      illness inflicts, a limited form of medical paternalism, aimed at restoring or
      maximising the patient's autonomy is entirely acceptable, and indeed fundamental
      to the relationship he argues. However, the exercise of this paternalism should
      be flexible and related to the current 'level of autonomy' of the patient
      himself. An editorial in this issue comments briefly on this paper.

PMID- 6834403
TI  - Case conference. Cutting the thread and pulling the wool--a request for
      euthanasia in general practice.

PMID- 6834404
TI  - Teaching medical ethics as a practical subject: observations from experience.
AB  - The author, head of a teaching hospital surgical unit, argues that the medical
      curriculum must ensure that all students are exposed to a minimum of ethical
      discussion and decision-making. In describing his own approach he emphasises the
      need to show students that it is 'an intensely practical subject'. Moreover, he
      reminds them that moral dilemmas in medicine--perhaps a better term than medical
      ethics--are unavoidable in clinical practice. Professor Johnson emphasises the
      need for small group teaching and discussion of real cases, preferably chosen and
      'worked up' by individual students. He suggests that ethical issues could
      profitably be introduced into written, oral and clinical examinations.

PMID- 6834405
TI  - Medical ethics education: a professor of religion investigates.
AB  - A study was carried out in a large teaching hospital to ascertain the current
      view of members of ten ward teams in regard to certain problems in the field of
      medical ethics. The investigator accompanied each team on their morning rounds
      and sat in on their discussions. At the end of each week he interviewed the
      faculty member, residents, intern, and medical students who comprised that team.
      Responses to these fifty open-ended interviews were grouped into categories that
      seemed natural to the data. These were tabulated and commented upon. The
      conclusions drawn were that there is an urgent need for ethical discourse in
      medical education, but that there are certain built-in difficulties in bringing
      this about in a significant way. Focus of attention upon critical incidents that
      come up in the normal cycle of ward rounds appeared to be the optimum approach to
      take.

PMID- 6834406
TI  - Legal implications of clinical supervision of medical students and residents.
AB  - When a medical student or resident has been involved in the care of a patient who
      claims to be injured as a result of that care, the student, resident, clinical
      faculty members, medical school, and affiliated health care institution may all
      be potential defendants in a lawsuit filed by the patient. The liability of the
      faculty member, school, and institution may arise out of the supervisory position
      they occupy regarding students and residents. In this article, the author
      examines the legal implications raised by these supervisory functions and
      explicates potential liabilities associated with such responsibilities.

PMID- 6834407
TI  - The impact of external examinations on medical education programs and students.
AB  - The use of externally produced comprehensive examinations by medical schools as
      assessment instruments for promotion and as mechanisms for curricular evaluation
      is discussed and assessed for validity in this article. The pros and cons of the
      development of a single route to licensure by an externally produced series of
      comprehensive examinations are examined, and potential effects that emphasis on
      external examinations may have on students' psychological and ethical behavior
      are discussed. Recommendations for development of a national library test bank
      are proposed as alternatives to the current dependency on the externally produced
      comprehensive examinations. The necessity for each individual medical school to
      validate any external examination being used as an evaluation tool of the
      school's specific curriculum is stressed. The author recommends criterion
      referencing as an appropriate mechanism for test construction and grading and
      that "passing" an externally produced comprehensive examination be defined in
      terms of basic minimal competency levels.

PMID- 6834408
TI  - The effect of regional medical education on physician distribution in Illinois.
AB  - Changes in the distribution of physicians among the 102 counties in Illinois in
      1969 and 1979 were analyzed. During the decade, the supply of patient care
      physicians increased from 12,884 to 17,363 (35 percent). The 49 counties with
      populations of fewer than 25,000 experienced only minimal increases (14
      physicians). The state's major population center, the Chicago Standard
      Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), had a stable rate of increase to maintain
      its 76 percent of the total patient care physician supply in Illinois. The major
      change was the increase in physicians in counties with middle-sized cities. The
      authors relate the changes to the establishment of regional medical education
      centers in the state and argue that the major result of the program was not a
      general diffusion of physicians but the concentration of physicians in the
      tertiary care centers with the new educational programs.

PMID- 6834409
TI  - A follow-up survey of drug abuse and alcoholism teaching in medical schools.
AB  - The authors sent a questionnaire regarding the teaching of drug abuse and
      alcoholism to a stratified random sample of 40 U.S. medical schools, and 35
      provided usable replies. The findings are summarized and are contrasted with
      replies received five years earlier from the same schools. During these five
      years, there were notable improvements in the teaching of these topics, as
      reflected by increases in required teaching hours, percentage of total required
      hours, number of elective courses offered, and number of affiliated clinical
      programs. The effect of the presence of a career teacher in the addictions is
      also evaluated.

PMID- 6834410
TI  - Teaching medical students about substance abuse in a weekend intervention
      program.
AB  - The authors of this article describe a new approach, called the Weekend
      Intervention Program, used to teach about alcoholism and substance abuse. The new
      program makes it possible for medical students to see the process of treatment
      and intervention unfold. The program places medical students under professional
      supervision in close, intense contact with drug and alcohol abusers. The program
      strongly reinforces the instruction presented in both basic science and clinical
      courses. More than 100 students have participated in the program, and they report
      it to be an intensely rewarding, valuable experience. The program requires no new
      resources and is cost-effective.

PMID- 6834411
TI  - Multiple strategies for studying medical clerkship experiences: a case study.
AB  - As part of a study reported here, the authors explored the utility of combining
      information generated by using various methodological approaches to study medical
      clerkship education. The clerkship consisted of two six-week rotations on two
      separate medical services. Three trained observers followed three third-year
      medical students for six consecutive days during the first and last week of each
      rotation. Observers went everywhere with students during each observational
      period, including 24-hour on-call days. The medical students also kept diaries of
      their daily experience during the study period. Diary data were combined with
      data from field observations and interviews to illustrate the enhanced
      understanding gained from a multiple-strategy approach.

PMID- 6834412
TI  - The use of mental practice in pelvic examination instruction.
AB  - The purpose of the research reported in this article was to test the effects of
      mental practice on clinical skill acquisition. The clinical skill to be acquired
      was the pelvic examination. Four instructional designs provided learning
      experiences for 160 second-year medical students at the University of Washington.
      The usual instructional sequence was the control, and three experimental
      sequences incorporated mental practice at premotor, postmotor, and combined
      premotor and postmotor stages of skill acquisition. Mental practice was
      facilitated by the use by students of audiotapes and headphones. Learner
      performance measures consisted of the evaluation of student ability to list the
      examination sequence, evaluations of an actual pelvic examination write-up,
      including both sequencing and findings, and observation ratings of skill
      performance. Mental practice produced better performance on the ability to list
      the examination sequence and the ability to record findings than no mental
      practice. Methods for providing mental practice created an orderly and efficient
      learning environment. Students found it helpful.

PMID- 6834413
TI  - A house call teaching program for fourth-year medical students.

PMID- 6834414
TI  - Satisfaction with an internal medicine residency program: comparison among
      postgraduate years.

PMID- 6834415
TI  - The integration of behavioral science theory and clinical experience for second
      year medical students.

PMID- 6834416
TI  - Perceptions of recent graduates of the adequacy of anesthesia training programs.

PMID- 6834417
TI  - Internal versus external quality control: the value of external examination in
      medical education.

PMID- 6834418
TI  - Biophysical basis of glomerular permselectivity.
AB  - The mammalian glomerular capillary wall normally restricts the transmural passage
      of plasma proteins while offering little resistance to the filtration of water
      and small solutes. The basis for this selectivity has been explored extensively
      in recent years, through clearance measurements of endogenous (mainly albumin,
      transferrin, and immunoglobulins) and exogenous (horseradish peroxidase)
      proteins, and a variety of nonprotein polymers such as dextrans and
      polyvinylpyrrolidone. In conjunction with efforts to localize particulate and
      soluble tracers by high resolution ultrastructural techniques, such measurements
      have now made it possible to define the determinants of the glomerular filtration
      of macromolecules in terms of discrete structural barriers as well as such
      biophysical influences as hemodynamics and the molecular size- and charge
      selective characteristics of the capillary wall. These experimental approaches
      have been aided greatly by the development of theoretical models that enable
      investigators to describe macromolecular filtration in terms of hydrodynamic
      principles applied to isoporous membranes. Although the initial models failed to
      consider the important role of membrane fixed negative-charge characteristics in
      influencing protein filtration, this shortcoming has led to the recent
      introduction of a theoretical model that also takes this factor into
      consideration. The aim of this brief review is to summarize these various
      theoretical approaches to the understanding of glomerular permselectivity and,
      wherever possible, to cite specific tests of these theories based on experimental
      studies in humans and animals.

PMID- 6834419
TI  - The mechanism of anion transport across human red blood cell membranes as
      revealed with a fluorescent substrate: I. Kinetic properties of NBD-taurine
      transfer in symmetric conditions.
AB  - The molecular mechanism of anion exchange across the human red blood cell
      membrane was assessed with the fluorescent substrate analog NBD-taurine and the
      method of continuous monitoring of transport by fluorescence. The efflux of NBD
      taurine was studied under a variety of experimental conditions such as
      temperature, pH and anion composition of cells and media. The temperature profile
      of NBD-taurine transfer from Cl-loaded cells into Cl media resembled that of Cl
      self-exchange, whereas that of NBD-taurine transfer from sulfate-loaded cells
      into sulfate media resembled that of sulfate self-exchange. Although the pH
      profiles of NBD-taurine transfer from Cl-loaded cells into Cl media and that of
      Cl self-exchange resembled each other, the analogous transfer with sulfate
      replacing Cl was markedly different. These and other data were analyzed and found
      to be consistent with a model which comprises the following: (a) a H+-titratable
      group in the carrier mechanism; (b) alteration of transport sites between the two
      sides of the membrane (i.e., ping-pong kinetics); and (c) transmembrane
      distribution of transport sites which is modulated by pH. It is shown that NBD
      taurine transfer represents a tracer flux of a fluorescent substrate which gives
      a measure for the presence of monovalent transport sites at the inner surface of
      the membrane. The latter is markedly affected by the relative concentrations of
      anions and H+ on both sides of the red blood cell membrane.

PMID- 6834420
TI  - The mechanism of anion transport across human red blood cell membranes as
      revealed with a fluorescent substrate: II. Kinetic properties of NBD-taurine
      transfer in asymmetric conditions.
AB  - The transport of inorganic anions across human red blood cell membranes is
      accomplished by a carrier-like mechanism which involves an electroneutral and
      obligatory one-for-one anion exchange. The transport kinetics were described by
      models that involve alternation of single transport sites between the two
      membrane surfaces. These models predict that each carrier shows either an inward
      facing Ei or an outward-facing Eo, conformation, each capable of binding either a
      monovalent anion or a divalent anion + a proton, to yield an electroneutral
      translocating complex. Unidirectional transport rates provide, therefore, a
      measure for the relative concentration of carriers at a given membrane surface.
      In the present work we assessed how modulation of the transmembrane distribution
      of carriers by the anion composition of cells and media, and by pH, affect the
      anion transport system. We have set the system in asymmetric conditions with
      respect to anions, so that a fast transportable anion (e.g., chloride) was
      present in one side of the membrane and slow transportable anions (e.g., sulfate,
      phosphate, oxalate, isethionate, gluconate, HEPES) were present on the other side
      of the membrane. The skewed distribution of carriers induced in these conditions
      were assessed by two methods: 1) NBD-taurine transfer which provided a measure
      for [Ei], the monovalent inward-facing form of the carrier, and 2) inhibition of
      NBD-taurine transfer by the specific impermeant and competitive inhibitor 4,4'
      dinitro-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (DNDS), which provided a measure for the
      availability of the carrier at the outer membrane surface. In the various
      symmetric and asymmetric conditions, we found marked differences in transport
      rates and transport profiles as well as in the susceptibility of the system to
      inhibition by DNDS. Direct binding studies of DNDS to cells in the various
      asymmetric conditions supported the conclusion derived from transport studies
      that transport sites can be recruited towards the membrane surface facing the
      slow transportable anions.

PMID- 6834421
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of platelet alpha-granule membranes.
AB  - Porcine alpha-granules, prepared by a modification of pre-existing methods, were
      found to be essentially homogeneous by transmission electron microscopy. Freeze
      fractured samples of isolated granules revealed numerous intramembranous
      particles on the EF (exoplasmic fracture) surface and to a lesser extent on the
      PF (protoplasmic fracture) surface whereas the PS (protoplasmic) surface was
      relatively smooth. The granules appear to be sealed, as evidenced by: a) the
      retention of their electron dense core material; b) the inability of impermeant
      labels to react with the granule contents, and c) the finding that the
      intragranular proteins are refractory to mild hydrolysis by externally added
      proteases. Membranes were isolated by alkali extraction of the granules and used
      for biochemical characterization. Approximately 87% of the protein, but only
      insignificant amounts of phospholipid were removed by this procedure, which
      yielded membrane vesicles devoid of the dense core. The membranes contain one
      major and several minor polypeptides of molecular weights ranging from 28,000 to
      230,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major
      polypeptide contains carbohydrate residues. The exposure of specific proteins on
      the cytoplasmic surface of the granule membrane was determined by a combination
      of surface-specific labeling and proteolysis of intact granules, followed by
      membrane isolation and analysis. In sealed granules, only a limited number of
      bands are modified by the reagents whereas most of them are affected following
      granule lysis, indicating asymmetry in their transmembrane disposition. The
      fraction eluted by alkali extraction was also analyzed and found to contain nine
      major polypeptides of molecular weights ranging from 230,000 to 43,000. These are
      compared to the weights of the macromolecules believed to be secreted from alpha
      granules, as determined by radioimmunological techniques.

PMID- 6834423
TI  - Improving the continent ileostomy.

PMID- 6834422
TI  - Effects of Na-coupled alanine transport on intracellular K activities and the K
      conductance of the basolateral membranes of Necturus small intestine.
AB  - Intracellular electrical potentials and K activity, (K)c, were determined
      simultaneously in Necturus small intestine before and after the addition of
      alanine to the mucosal solution. As noted previously (Gunter-Smith, Grasset &
      Schultz, 1982), the addition of alanine to the mucosal solution resulted in a
      prompt depolarization of the electrical potential difference across the apical
      membrane (psi mc) and a decrease in the slope resistance of that barrier (rm).
      This initial response was followed by a slower repolarization of psi mc
      associated with a decrease in the slope resistance of the basolateral membrane
      (rs) so that when the steady state was achieved (rm/rs) did not differ
      significantly from control values in the absence of alanine. In the absence of
      alanine, psi mc averaged -32 mV and (K)c averaged 67 mM. When a steady state was
      achieved in the presence of alanine these values averaged -24 mV and 50 mM,
      respectively. The steady-state electrochemical potential differences for K across
      the basolateral membrane in the absence and presence of alanine did not differ
      significantly. Inasmuch as the rate of transcellular active Na transport or "pump
      activity" was increased two- to threefold in the presence of alanine, it follows
      that, if active Na extrusion across the basolateral membrane is coupled to active
      K uptake across that barrier with a fixed stoichiometry then, the decrease in rs
      must be due to an increase in the conductance of the basolateral membrane to K
      that parallels the increase in "pump activity". This "homocellular" regulatory
      mechanism serves to (i) prevent an increase in (K)c due to an increase in pump
      activity; and, (ii) repolarize psi mc and thus restore the electrical driving
      force for the rheogenic Na-coupled entry processes.

PMID- 6834424
TI  - Hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction.

PMID- 6834425
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis secondary to hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6834426
TI  - Coiling of beta-pleated sheets.

PMID- 6834427
TI  - Ultrafast relaxation in picosecond photolysis of nitrosylhemoglobin.
AB  - We report the successful observation of a picosecond transient difference
      spectrum in human nitrosylhemoglobin. The sample (23 degrees C) is excited with
      an approximately 8 ps, approximately 10 microJ pulse at 353 nm that generates a
      prompt transient having a two-component decay: the first is approximately
      exponential with tau = 17 +/- 4 ps, whereas the second is much weaker with an
      approximate tau = 100 ps. At slightly lower temperature (4 degrees C), the
      spectrum and time dependence are essentially unchanged. In contrast to our
      previous observations on carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, we find no long
      lived photoproduct in nitrosylhemoglobin. We tentatively attribute the 17 +/- 4
      ps decay to geminate recombination. These results, in conjunction with our
      previous work in HbO2 and HbCO, show that the rate of geminate recombination for
      5 ns greater than tau greater than 5 ps increases through the series HbCO less
      than HbO2 less than HbNO. We note that trends are also seen for microsecond
      recombination rates HbCO less than HbO2 approximately equal to HbNO and for the
      kinetic co-operativity ratio HbCO greater than HbO2 greater than HbNO. A
      "critical on-barrier" model is presented that provides a consistent
      representation of these results. We suggest that spin-orbit effects could be a
      major contribution to the different recombination characteristics exhibited by
      the three ligands.

PMID- 6834428
TI  - Ordered water structure around a B-DNA dodecamer. A quantitative study.
AB  - The crystal structure of the double-helical B-DNA dodecamer of sequence C-G-C-G-A
      A-T-T-C-G-C-G has been solved and refined independently in three forms: (1) the
      parent sequence at room temperature; (2) the same sequence at 16 K; and (3) the 9
      bromo variant C-G-C-G-A-A-T-TBrC-G-C-G at 7 degrees C in 60% (v/v) 2-methyl-2,4
      pentanediol. The latter two structures show extensive hydration along the
      phosphate backbone, a feature that was invisible in the native structure because
      of high temperature factors (indicating thermal or static disorder) of the
      backbone atoms. Sixty-five solvent peaks are associated with the phosphate
      backbone, or an average of three per phosphate group. Nineteen other molecules
      form a first shell of hydration to base edge N and O atoms within the major
      groove, and 36 more are found in upper hydration layers. The latter tend to occur
      in strings or clusters spanning the major groove from one phosphate group to
      another. A single spermine molecule also spans the major groove. In the minor
      groove, the zig-zag spine of hydration that we believe to be principally
      responsible for stabilizing the B form of DNA is found in all three structures.
      Upper level hydration in the minor groove is relatively sparse, and consists
      mainly of strings of water molecules extending across the groove, with few
      contacts to the spine below. Sugar O-1' atoms are closely associated with water
      molecules, but these are chiefly molecules in the spine, so the association may
      reflect the geometry of the minor groove rather than any intrinsic attraction of
      O-1' atoms for hydration. The phosphate O-3' and O-5' atoms within the backbone
      chain are least hydrated of all, although no physical or steric impediment seems
      to exist that would deny access to these oxygen atoms by water molecules.

PMID- 6834430
TI  - Contextual constraints on synonymous codon choice.
AB  - We have studied the statistical constraints on synonymous codon choice to
      evaluate various proposals regarding the origin of the bias in synonymous codon
      usage observed by Fiers et al. (1975), Air et al. (1976), Grantham et al. (1980)
      and others. We have determined the statistical dependence of the degenerate third
      base on either of its nearest neighbors in mitochondrial, prokaryotic, and
      eukaryotic coding sequences. We noted an increasing dependence of the third base
      on its nearest neighbors in moving from mitochondria to prokaryotes to
      eukaryotes. A statistical model assuming random equiprobable selection of
      synonymous codons was found grossly adequate for the mitochondria, but totally
      inadequate for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A model assuming selection of
      synonymous codons reflecting a genomic strategy, i.e. the genome hypothesis of
      Grantham et al. (1980), gave a good approximation of the mitochondrial sequences.
      A statistical model which exactly maintains codon frequency, but allows the
      position of corresponding synonymous codons to vary was only grossly adequate for
      prokaryotes and totally inadequate for eukaryotes. The results of these
      simulations are consistent with the measures on experimental sequences and
      suggest that a "frequency constraint" model such as that of Grantham et al.
      (1980) may be an adequate explanation of the codon usage in mitochondria.
      However, in addition to this frequency constraint, there may be constraints on
      synonymous codon choice in prokaryotes due to codon context. Furthermore, any
      proposal to explain codon usage in eukaryotes must involve a constraint on the
      context of a codon in the sequence.

PMID- 6834431
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of orthorhombic purple membrane at 6.5 A resolution.

PMID- 6834429
TI  - Protection of ribosomal RNA from kethoxal in polyribosomes. Implication of
      specific sites in ribosome function.
AB  - In an attempt to probe the topography of 5 S, 16 S and 23 S RNAs in a
      functionally engaged ribosome, polysomes were probed using the structure
      sensitive, guanine-specific reagent kethoxal. Reactivities of guanine residues at
      38 specific ribosomal RNA sites in polysomes were compared with their
      corresponding reactivities in vacant 70 S ribosomes. No polysome-specific
      protection was seen for 5 S RNA. In 16 S RNA, positions 530, 693 or 1079, 966,
      1338 and 1517 showed protection in polysomes; all of these sites have highly
      conserved primary and secondary structures, and include several methylated
      nucleotides. In 23 S RNA, polysome protection is seen at positions 277, 1071,
      1475 or 2112, 2116 and 2751. We attribute polysome-specific protection either to
      direct contact of transfer RNA and/or messenger RNA with the protected sites or
      to tRNA and/or mRNA-induced changes in ribosome conformation involving the
      protected sites.

PMID- 6834432
TI  - Thermodynamics and kinetics of co-operative protein-nucleic acid binding. I.
      General aspects of analysis of data.
AB  - The process under consideration is the binding of a ligand to a linear polymer of
      equivalent subunits such that each bound molecule of ligand occupies n subunits.
      Interactions between bound ligand molecules are also considered. Some useful
      points regarding the evaluation of raw data without recourse to any specific
      binding mechanism are discussed first. For a treatment in terms of appropriate
      thermodynamic parameters a simple model is examined in greater detail. It assumes
      that interactions are limited to those between ligands bound to nearest-neighbour
      positions on the polymer. Exact expressions for some basic binding properties of
      this model at equilibrium are developed. The relations can be considerably
      simplified in the case of pronounced positive co-operativity which is frequently
      encountered in practice. Appropriate plots of the data to test the model and to
      evaluate its parameters are proposed. A simple but consistent kinetic scheme is
      also introduced. It allows calculation of relaxation times as they can be
      measured by means of special techniques.

PMID- 6834433
TI  - Thermodynamics and kinetics of co-operative protein-nucleic acid binding. II.
      Studies on the binding between protamine and calf thymus DNA.
AB  - Unspecific binding of a protamine, namely fluorescein-labelled clupeine Z, to
      double-stranded calf thymus DNA was studied using fluorescence titration methods
      and chemical relaxation techniques. Both equilibrium and kinetic data have been
      analysed using general theoretical approaches discussed in the accompanying
      paper. The results agree well with the predictions made on the basis of a
      standard co-operative binding model. Basic parameters evaluated are the co
      operative binding constant (K), the coefficient measuring co-operative
      interaction between nearest neighbours (q), the number of nucleotides occupied by
      one protamine molecule (n) and the rate constant of dissociation at the ends of
      bound ligand sequences (kD). Values obtained at 20 degrees C, pH 7.5 and 0.4 M
      NaCl were K = 5.8 X 10(7) M-1, q = 1700, n = 20 and kD = 0.29 s-1. They have been
      found to be sensitive to the concentration of added salt (NaCl). This effect
      apparently reflects the essentially electrostatic nature of the binding process.
      The results can be satisfactorily described in terms of competitive binding of
      sodium ions.

PMID- 6834434
TI  - DNA-polymerases in neuron and glial cells of developing and aging mouse brain.
AB  - DNA-polymerases alpha and beta were studied in neuron and glial cells of mouse
      during developing and aging brain. Maximum activity of alpha-enzyme was found to
      be prenatal, though a very low but significant level could be detected in aging
      brain. Furthermore, this pattern was found to be dependent upon cell types that
      shift in peak activity just before birth in glial cells in contrast to neurons.
      DNA-polymerase-beta remained high throughout the period studied though a second
      peak of activity was also observed at day 30 in both cell types, suggesting a
      possible role in DNA-replication in addition to DNA-repair. It was found that
      beta-enzyme from glial cells behaves differently than the same enzyme from
      neurons.

PMID- 6834435
TI  - Development of bilateral somesthetic inputs into the pericruciate cortex of
      kittens: postsynaptic and evoked potentials.
AB  - The early postnatal development of somesthetic inputs into the pericruciate
      cortex of kittens was studied by intra- and extracellular recording and cortical
      surface evoked potential monitoring. Equipotent bilateral influences from the
      forepaw and hindpaw skin to cortical neurons during the initial postnatal weeks
      in kittens were revealed. During the fourth week, the functional dominance of
      contralateral inputs into the motor area becomes evident. Considerable reduction
      of the latency of postsynaptic and evoked responses only to the contralateral
      stimulation and the enhancement of their stability and intensity occur.

PMID- 6834436
TI  - [3H]spiperone binding sites in rat primary glial cultures, C6 glioma, and B104
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - Binding sites for [3H]spiperone were detected on membranes from primary glial
      cultures from neonatal rat cortex and striatum and from the C6 glioma cells.
      [3H]Spiperone binding was displaceable by d-butaclamol. However, competition
      studies suggest that [3H]spiperone binding to primary glial cultures was mainly
      to serotonergic sites, and binding to the C6 glioma was alpha-adrenergic. No
      specific binding was detected to membranes from B104 neuroblastoma cells.
      Although [3H]spiperone binding to glial sites on whole striatum under generally
      used conditions is small (about 10%), the striatal glial hyperactivity that is
      often associated with neuronal degeneration could lead to an overestimation of
      presumed neuronal binding sites for dopaminergic ligands.

PMID- 6834437
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic binding in chick embryo retino-tectal system: effects of
      corticosterone.
AB  - Muscarinic binding sites were measured using the radioligand [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate (QNB) in the retina and tectum of 11-day-old chick embryos, after
      intracerebral administration of 0.02 microgram of corticosterone at 8 days of
      incubation. This age was chosen because the hormone preferentially accumulates in
      retinas at 8 days of development. Hormone treatment significantly affected the
      affinity of 3H-QNB-binding sites in retinas and slightly affected the affinity in
      treated tecta, whereas the number of binding sites remained unchanged. The
      specific binding was determined with either atropine or unlabeled QNB. Scatchard
      plot analysis of specific 3H-QNB binding revealed the presence of nonsaturable
      binding at high 3H-QNB concentrations (6-11 nM) in the treated retinas, but not
      in controls. It can be concluded from these data that the hormone has a primary
      effect on retinal cells during early growth in the chick embryo. The possibility
      that the hormone delays maturation of specific populations of retinal cells is
      considered in the discussion.

PMID- 6834438
TI  - Modification of membrane-bound proteins of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
      by change in behavior in rats.
AB  - Rats were trained in an instrumental task for 2 X 25 min during 1 day and 4 days
      and compared with active controls with respect to membrane-bound proteins
      solubilized by chloral hydrate and fractionated on polyacrylamide gels. Then 30
      micrograms samples of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were labeled by 14C-
      and 3H-valine. The distribution of the stained electrophoretogram was recorded by
      microdensitometry. The results show that the 1-day training induced an increased
      synthesis of a membrane protein fraction of 50,000 mol wt already present in the
      brain membrane proteins of active controls. Training for 4 days resulted in an
      overall stimulation of the hippocampal membrane protein fractions, especially in
      the higher-molecular-weight range. The entorhinal cortex showed two stimulated
      membrane protein fractions, 50,000 and 120,000 mol wt. Together with previous
      studies, this study makes it probable that training to establish a new behavior
      induces a modulation of both soluble and membrane-bound protein patterns in the
      hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex with a time phase retardation for the
      latter.

PMID- 6834440
TI  - Panel: current status of trauma severity indices.

PMID- 6834439
TI  - Interaction of manganese with NB41A neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase.
AB  - In vitro assay of the adenylate cyclase of NB41A neuroblastoma cells in the
      presence of increasing concentrations of MnCl2 suggested that the enzyme is
      modulated by both high- and low-affinity sites for manganese. MnCl2 in a
      concentration of 1 microM significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase activity,
      but increasing the concentration of manganese to 3 microM or 10 microM had no
      further effect. Raising MnCl2 to 0.1 or 1 mM, however, further stimulated enzyme
      activity. In addition to differences in affinity for manganese, the two classes
      of binding sites may be distinguished by differences in their interaction with
      other agents that affect adenylate cyclase activity. Millimolar manganese and
      magnesium appeared to compete for a common site on the enzyme and the effect of
      manganese in this range and the effect of guanyl nucleotide were synergistic. In
      contrast, the stimulation of activity by micromolar manganese appeared to be
      additive to the effects of either increasing magnesium or the addition of guanyl
      nucleotide to the assay media. Comparison of the substrate dependency of the
      reaction measured in the presence and absence of manganese suggests that the
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity involves increases in both the apparent
      Vmax of the reaction and the affinity for ATP. The results raise the possibility
      that the interaction of Mn2+ may play a role in the modulation of adenylate
      cyclase in vivo.

PMID- 6834441
TI  - Evaluation of the burn wound with perfusion fluorometry.
AB  - Determination of depth of burn injury using vital dyes has been unsatisfactory.
      The present study evaluated the ability of the fiberoptic perfusion fluorometer
      to assess the depth of burn in the early postburn period. Sixty-three burns were
      examined with the fluorometer after intravenous administration of sodium
      fluorescein. The fluorescein kinetics were monitored for 1 hour within the first
      48 hours and again between the third and sixth days postburn. The rate of
      fluorescein uptake and burn wound fluorescence was determined and compared to
      that of normal unburned skin. Depth of burn was confirmed by biopsy and healing
      characteristics. Fluorometric analysis during both study periods consistently
      distinguished between partial-thickness and full-thickness burns. Partial
      thickness burns uniformly exhibited fluorescence within 10 minutes; full
      thickness burns showed nil fluorescence. None of the patients experienced a
      change in skin color or complications from the small dose of fluorescein given.

PMID- 6834442
TI  - Inferior vena cava injuries--a continuing challenge.
AB  - The mortality from abdominal vena cava trauma remains in excess of 33% despite
      advances in prehospital and intraoperative care. During the 7-year period ending
      December 1981, 58 patients with vena cava injuries were treated at our
      institution. Thirty-nine (67%) were due to gunshot wounds, nine to stab injuries,
      and ten to blunt trauma. Overall mortality was 38%. Predictors of poor survival
      were: 1) presence of shock upon hospital arrival; 2) multiple abdominal vascular
      injuries; and 3) injuries in the retrohepatic segment. Only two (17%) of 12
      patients survived retrohepatic wounds despite various shunting techniques. Of the
      remaining 12 deaths, 11 (92%) had associated major vascular trauma that included
      four portal system, three aortic, and three iliac artery injuries. This contrasts
      to a 96% survival rate for the 28 patients without associated abdominal vascular
      injuries. Our experience underscores the importance of rapid resuscitation, early
      operation, and searching for associated vascular injuries before a time-consuming
      repair of the vena cava is undertaken. Improving the survival of patients with
      blunt retrohepatic cava and hepatic vein trauma remains a dilemma.

PMID- 6834443
TI  - Outcomes of trauma patients with no vital signs on hospital admission.
AB  - In 5 years, 267 patients with cardiopulmonary arrest after trauma were treated at
      our institution. The long-term survival rate was 2.6%. Only 1.5% of the 267
      patients were functional individuals. Overall, neither the mechanism of injury
      nor routine emergency thoracotomy influenced the salvage rate. Our results in the
      management of trauma victims without vital signs indicate that: 1) among blunt
      trauma patients, those with isolated head injury have the highest survival rate;
      2) patients with blunt multisystem injuries involving the chest, abdomen, or
      truncal orthopedic structures are unsalvageable; 3) cardiopulmonary arrest with
      penetrating head or neck wounds is a lethal combination; and 4) with the
      exception of patients sustaining penetrating chest or heart injuries, emergency
      thoracotomy does not enhance the survival rate of trauma patients who were
      formerly declared 'dead on arrival.'

PMID- 6834444
TI  - Inappropriate vasopressin secretion (SIADH) in burned patients.
AB  - To determine if concentration of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) is
      inappropriate for the plasma Na+ concentration in hyponatremic burned patients,
      we obtained 32 plasma samples from 20 patients with total burn size (TBS) 15 to
      80% of body surface on or after postburn day (PBD) 4 in the morning following all
      night recumbency. In the 25 samples (17 patients) with hyponatremia, AVP was
      elevated, 1.6 to 14.3 (normal less than 0.5) pg/ml. Most patients with normal
      serum Na+ had normal AVP values. Out of the total, nine patients (12 samples)
      without renal failure or sepsis, selected also for hyponatremia and urinary Na+
      greater than or equal to 20 mEq/L, were considered separately. BUN of 11.7 +/-
      1.8 mg/dl and plasma glucose of 130 +/- 5.6 mg/dl, Na+ of 130 +/- 1.1 mEq/L,
      calculated osmolality of 272 +/- 1.6 mosm/kg, and cortisol of 20.4 +/- 1.6
      micrograms/dl were associated with a 24-hour fluid intake of 4.3 +/- 0.26 L and
      urinary output of 2.7 +/- 0.33 L, Na+ of 80 +/- 14 mEq/L, and osmolality of 520
      +/- 73 mosm/kg (mean +/- SE). In all of the plasma samples, AVP was markedly
      elevated (6.9 +/- 1.1 pg/ml). In another study, four hyponatremic burned patients
      were given a standard water load. Excretion of the water was delayed, and further
      dilution of the initially hypotonic plasma resulted in a fall of urinary
      osmolality and plasma AVP. Cutaneous thermal injury can cause resetting of the
      mechanism linking plasma tonicity and AVP secretion resulting in dilutional
      hyponatremia. This syndrome occurs in the absence of gross physiologic
      perturbations such as volume depletion or adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 6834445
TI  - Placement of 10-gauge catheter by cutdown for rapid fluid replacement.
AB  - The establishment of immediate venous access and rapid fluid administration
      remains of paramount importance in the treatment of hypovolemic shock. We
      describe a technique for placement of a recently available 10-gauge catheter via
      venous cutdown. This technique is simpler and quicker than placing intravenous
      tubing directly into the vein, and we show that flow rates through the catheter
      with both saline and blood are equivalent to rates obtained through intravenous
      extension tubing. In addition, our studies show that the use of wide-bore
      intravenous tubing (urology irrigating tubing) instead of standard intravenous
      tubing allows for much higher infusion rates through the 10-gauge catheter. With
      the wide-bore tubing and pressure infusion, it is possible to administer 1,200 cc
      of blood per minute through this catheter.

PMID- 6834446
TI  - Management of penetrating neck injuries.
AB  - In 44 patients neck wounds penetrating the platysma were evaluated over a 5-year
      period. Twenty-one patients were admitted and observed; 22 patients were explored
      immediately. One was dead upon arrival in the emergency room. The decision to
      explore was based upon initial clinical evaluation using criteria of unstable
      vital signs, bleeding, hematoma, subcutaneous emphysema, respiratory distress, or
      neurologic deficits. Of the 21 patients selected for observation, none had
      complications or required later surgery. There was a negative exploration rate of
      23%. Had all patients been explored, the negative exploration rate would have
      been 60%. We conclude that selective exploration, based upon careful clinical
      evaluation, is both safe and reasonable in cases of penetrating neck trauma.

PMID- 6834447
TI  - Short-stay study--utilization review.
AB  - During a 6-month period approximately 20% of the 589 patients admitted to the
      Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS), and who did
      not die, stayed less than 48 hours. About two thirds of these short-stay
      admissions (13% of the total number of admissions during the study period) were
      judged inappropriate on clinical grounds. This percentage is lower than the
      inappropriate rate (20%) experienced at areawide trauma centers in Maryland and
      may approximate the lower limit of the rate of inappropriate admissions due to
      unavoidable errors in triage. The inappropriately admitted patients did not
      impose a large fiscal or service drain on MIEMSS and did not interfere with the
      care of patients with more serious problems.

PMID- 6834448
TI  - Traumatic aorto-caval fistula.
AB  - Trauma is an unusual cause of fistula formation between the aorta and the
      inferior vena cava. Two cases of traumatic aorto-caval fistula treated at the New
      Jersey Medical School affiliated hospitals are presented and the literature on
      traumatic aorto-caval fistula reviewed. We found 14 previously reported cases.
      Delayed repair was performed in 12 (86%). Delays ranged from 5 days to 12 years
      postinjury. Cardiac decompensation, judged either clinically or by cardiomegaly
      evident on chest X-ray, was present in 75% of the patients undergoing delayed
      repair. The techniques available for repair and the criteria for utilizing
      delayed repair are discussed. In young, previously healthy patients, usually with
      smaller fistulae, we conclude that delayed repair can be used.

PMID- 6834449
TI  - Pseudoarthrosis of a fracture of the acromion.
AB  - Fractures of the acromion are rare. Conservative therapy in the majority of cases
      results in return to full function of the shoulder. Occasionally, however, a
      painful pseudoarthrosis will develop and surgical care is required. The American
      literature reports several cases of acromial fracture but has not specifically
      addressed the treatment of pseudoarthrosis with open reduction and internal
      fixation. We report such a case and review the American and European literature.

PMID- 6834450
TI  - Traumatic rupture of iliacus muscle with femoral nerve paralysis.
AB  - Two cases of traumatic rupture of the iliacus muscle are reported. The clinical
      picture of this condition is characterized by pain in the groin, a tender mass in
      the iliac fossa, flexion contracture of the hip, and a femoral nerve palsy.
      Presence of a bleeding tendency should be investigated. Operative treatment is
      recommended for large hematomas.

PMID- 6834451
TI  - Impalement injuries: the preferred approach.
AB  - Two cases of impalement injuries seen at the Maryland Institute of Emergency
      Medical Services Systems are presented. A short literature review and
      recommendations for management including employment of an incision connecting
      entry and exit sites but avoiding essential structures, plus antibiotics and
      standard techniques for management of penetrating trauma are described.

PMID- 6834452
TI  - Trauma care regionalization: a necessity.

PMID- 6834453
TI  - Evaluation of a laceration in the hand or wrist.

PMID- 6834454
TI  - Effects of birthweight and gestational age upon growth in Brazilian infants: a
      longitudinal study.

PMID- 6834456
TI  - Primary care and the urban poor.

PMID- 6834455
TI  - Care of the neonate and management of neonatal jaundice as practised by Yoruba
      traditional healers of Nigeria.

PMID- 6834457
TI  - Food and Nutrition Surveillance Systems: selected methodological advances.

PMID- 6834458
TI  - Clinical clues to progressive degenerative disorders of the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 6834459
TI  - Birth intervals and the survival of children to age five--some data from Nepal.

PMID- 6834460
TI  - The Wasting-Stunting Classifying scale: a new device for the rapid assessment of
      nutritional status of young children.

PMID- 6834462
TI  - A study on birth weight of Iraqi children.

PMID- 6834461
TI  - Determinants of breastfeeding duration and nutrition in a transition society.

PMID- 6834464
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia.

PMID- 6834465
TI  - Hair zinc levels in normal and malnourished infants.

PMID- 6834463
TI  - Seasonal variations in birthweight distribution in Ikwiriri village, Tanzania.

PMID- 6834466
TI  - Endogenous Moloney leukemia virus in nonviremic Mov substrains of mice carries
      defects in the proviral genome.
AB  - Substrains of mice carrying Moloney murine leukemia virus as a Mendelian gene
      (Mov locus) have been derived previously. Some of these strains, i.e., Mov-3 and
      Mov-9, develop viremia, whereas others, i.e., Mov-2, Mov-7, and Mov-10, do not
      regularly activate virus. We previously have molecularly cloned the respective
      Mov loci and shown that proviral clones derived from the different viral loci
      were either infectious (Mov-3, Mov-9) or failed to induce infectious virus (Mov
      2, Mov-7, Mov-10) in a transfection assay. To analyze the sites affecting
      infectivity of the latter clones, complementation assays, in vitro
      recombinations, and marker rescue experiments were performed. Our results show
      that the three endogenous Moloney murine leukemia virus clones derived from Mov
      2, Mov-7, and Mov-10 carry different mutations in the gag-pol region of the
      proviral genome. No inhibitory effect of flanking mouse sequences on provirus
      infectivity was observed.

PMID- 6834467
TI  - Mapping of a 14,000-dalton antigen to early region 4 of the human adenovirus 5
      genome.
AB  - An early 14,000-dalton (14K) antigen of adenovirus 5, hitherto designated 10.5K
      and thought to be from early region 1 (E1), has been shown to be a product of
      region E4 on the following evidence. In KB cells infected with the adenovirus 5
      mutants dl312 and dl313, containing large deletions in region E1, this antigen
      was produced in a form having the same mobility as that in wild-type infections.
      In a range of rodent cells transformed by adenovirus 5 DNA, the synthesis of 14K
      antigen and the ability of these cells to elicit an immune response to this
      protein both correlated with the presence of sequences from region E4 of the
      viral genome. A 14K polypeptide was synthesized in a cell-free system programmed
      with infected-cell mRNA and was found to be identical to the in vivo antigen in
      antigenicity, in electrophoretic mobility, and in [35S]methionine-containing
      tryptic peptides. After labeling with [35S]methionine and several 3H-amino acids,
      this in vitro product gave an N-terminal sequence identical to that expected from
      one of the open reading frames (reading region 3) in the DNA sequence for region
      E4 of Herisse et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 9:4023-4042, 1981). It is likely that
      this antigen is the same as the nucleus-associated 11K polypeptide from E4
      described by other authors.

PMID- 6834468
TI  - Sequential mutations in the NS genes of influenza virus field strains.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequences of the NS genes from three human influenza
      viruses, A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), A/FW/1/50 (H1N1), and A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1), were
      determined. Only five single-base differences were found within the sequences of
      the A/FW/1/50 and A/USSR/90/77 NS genes, thus confirming earlier data suggesting
      that the 1977 H1N1 viruses are closely related to virus strains that were
      circulating around 1950. Comparison of all three sequences with those from
      A/PR/8/34 and A/Udorn/72 viruses illustrates that these genes (with the exception
      of that of the A/USSR/90/77 strain) evolve through cumulative base changes along
      a single common lineage. A nucleotide sequence variation of approximately 2.2 to
      3.4% per 10 years was determined for the NS gene segments. Extensive size
      variation was also observed among the NS1 proteins of the various human viruses.
      The A/FM/1/47 NS1 protein, which consists of 202 amino acids, is 15% shorter than
      the A/Udorn/72 NS1 protein, which consists of 237 amino acids.

PMID- 6834469
TI  - Far upstream initiation sites for adenovirus early region 1A transcription are
      utilized after the onset of viral DNA replication.
AB  - Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) is the first transcription unit expressed after
      infection. It encodes a protein which controls the expression of all other early
      viral genes. The E1A mRNAs have one major capped 5' terminus which maps 31
      nucleotides downstream from a T-A-T-A sequence (C. Baker and E. Ziff. J. Mol.
      Biol. 149:189-221, 1981). In addition, a minor set of E1A mRNAs are observed
      during the early phase of infection which have 5' termini mapping at
      approximately -160, -185, and -230 relative to the major cap site (Osborne et
      al., Cell 29:139-148, 1982). Here we report the occurrence of another set of
      minor E1A mRNAs which were observed exclusively after the initiation of viral DNA
      replication. These late specific E1A mRNAs had cap sites which mapped at
      approximately -300, -325, -360, and -375 relative to the major cap site. The
      appearance of these minor late E1A mRNAs was blocked by the DNA synthesis
      inhibitor cytosine arabinoside. These same late specific E1A mRNAs were
      synthesized from E1A-containing plasmids which replicate in monkey cells. This
      demonstrated that neither late specific adenovirus proteins nor adenovirus
      specific chromatin structure was required for the production of the late specific
      E1A mRNAs. Adenovirus mutants in which the E1A T-A-T-A box region had been
      deleted also synthesized the corresponding deleted forms of the late specific
      mRNAs after initiation of DNA replication. These results indicate that the
      process of DNA replication alters the specificity of E1A transcription initiation
      in a promoter region which is at least 375 nucleotides in length.

PMID- 6834470
TI  - Cycloheximide stimulates early adenovirus transcription if early gene expression
      is allowed before treatment.
AB  - The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide markedly stimulated
      adenovirus 2 early transcription (assayed in vivo and in vitro in nuclei) when
      the drug was added 3 h after infection of HeLa cells. The stimulation was not
      uniform but ranged from three- to eightfold for region 1A to 10- to 30-fold for
      region 2 of the adenovirus genome. The increase was complete by about 60 min
      after treatment. The stimulation reversed rapidly after cycloheximide was
      removed. Treatment with cycloheximide either before infection with wild-type
      adenovirus type 5 or at 3 h after infection with dl312, a mutant which fails to
      express early gene products in HeLa cells, both resulted in levels of
      transcription at or substantially below the control (infection with wild-type
      adenovirus without treatment). Therefore we conclude that cycloheximide treatment
      and previous early gene expression interact to yield the maximum levels of
      transcription.

PMID- 6834471
TI  - Structural proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus: amino acid compositions
      and N-terminal sequences.
AB  - The structural proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus, a member of the
      alphavirus group, have been characterized by the determination of their amino
      acid compositions and by N-terminal sequence analysis. More than 60 residues of
      the N-terminal sequences of each of the envelope glycoproteins have been
      determined. A comparison of these sequences with the previously determined
      sequences of two related alphaviruses. Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus,
      strongly supports the view that all three viruses have evolved from a common
      ancestor and provides information on the pattern of this evolution. The analysis
      of the capsid proteins of Western equine encephalitis virus shows that the
      nucleocapsid of this virus can accommodate a considerable degree of variability
      in its protein component and that at least some regions of alphavirus capsid
      proteins show more extensive differences between different viruses than do the
      envelope glycoproteins.

PMID- 6834472
TI  - Early intermediates in bacteriophage T4 DNA replication and recombination.
AB  - We investigated, by density gradients and subsequent electron microscopy,
      vegetative T4 DNA after single or multiple infection of Escherichia coli with
      wild-type T4. Our results can be summarized as follows. (i) After single
      infection (i.e., when early intermolecular recombination could not occur), most,
      if not all, T4 DNA molecules initiated the first round of replication with a
      single loop. (ii) After multiple infection, recombinational intermediates
      containing label from both parents first appeared as early as 1 min after the
      onset of replication, long before all parental DNA molecules had finished their
      first round and before secondary replication was detectable. (iii) At the same
      time, in multiple infections only, complex, highly branched concatemeric T4 DNA
      first appeared. (iv) Molecules in which two loops or several branches were
      arranged in tandem were only found after multiple infections. (v) Secondary loops
      within primary loops were seen after both single and multiple infections, but
      they were rare and many appeared off center. Thus, recombination in wild-type T4
      infected cells occurred very early, and the generation of multiple tandem loops
      or branches in vegetative T4 DNA depended on recombination. These results are
      consistent with the previous finding (A. Luder and G. Mosig, Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S.A. 79:1101-1105, 1982) that most secondary growing points of T4 are not
      initiated from origin sequences but from recombinational intermediates. By these
      and previous results, the various DNA molecules that we observed are most readily
      explained as intermediates in DNA replication and recombination according to a
      model proposed earlier to explain various other aspects of T4 DNA metabolism
      (Mosig et al., p. 277-295, in D. Ray, ed., The Initiation of DNA Replication,
      Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1981).

PMID- 6834474
TI  - Isolation of the ends of La Crosse virus small RNA as a double-stranded
      structure.
AB  - The genome of La Crosse virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae, is made up of three
      molecules. Circular nucleocapsid structures, in three size classes, have been
      isolated from La Crosse virus (Obijeski et al. J. Virol. 20:664-675, 1976).
      Recently, Obijeski et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 8:2431-2438) have found that the 5'
      and 3' ends of each segment are complementary in sequence. We determined that a
      5' and 3' end complementary structure, predicted by the rules of Tinoco et al.
      (Nature [London] 230:362-367), can and will anneal under certain conditions. This
      structure is resistant to RNase in high-salt medium and can be isolated in a
      reasonably high yield.

PMID- 6834473
TI  - Porcine parvovirus: virus purification and structural and antigenic properties of
      virion polypeptides.
AB  - Porcine parvovirus (PPV) was extensively purified from infected swine fetal
      homogenates by CaCl2 precipitation followed by CsCl density centrifugation. Two
      species of particles possessing PPV-specific hemagglutinating activity were
      observed banding at densities of 1.39 and 1.30 g/ml, representing full and empty
      20-nm virion particles, respectively. Both classes of particles contained three
      major polypeptides. A, B, and C, with respective molecular weights of 83,000,
      64,000, and 60,000. The amount of polypeptide A was similar in both species
      (approximately 10%); however, the B protein was most abundant in the 1.30-g/ml
      particles, whereas the C protein was the major polypeptide found in the 1.39-g/ml
      particles. Antisera generated to each sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      purified virion structural protein had reactivities qualitatively similar to
      those of conventional antisera raised against intact PPV in a variety of standard
      serological assays. The antisera generated against the individual sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-denatured PPV polypeptides were able to react with native, intact PPV
      virions and were capable of neutralizing virus infectivity.

PMID- 6834475
TI  - Expression of adenovirus type 12 early region 1 in KB cells transformed by
      recombinants containing the gene.
AB  - The adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) early region 1 (E1) gene was introduced into KB
      cells by using a dominant selection vector, pSV2-gpt, and over 80 Gpt+ KB cell
      clones were established. Three types of recombinant DNAs (gAE1A, gARC, and gABA)
      were constructed. They contained the AccI-H, EcoRI-C, and BamHI-A fragments,
      respectively, of Ad12 DNA in pSV2-gpt. Five of 50 (10%) gABA-transformed cell
      clones, 12 of 18 (67%) gAE1A-transformed cell clones, and 10 of 18 (56%) gARC
      transformed cell clones complemented the growth of Ad5 dl312 (deletion in E1A)
      and were designated as Gpt+ Ad+ cell clones. In these cell clones at their early
      passages, recombinant genome sequences were detected in cellular DNA and were
      expressed. T antigen g (the E1A gene product) was detected by immunofluorescence.
      The Gpt+ Ad+ cell clones supported the growth of Ad5 deletion mutants in parallel
      with the expression of Ad12 E1A or E1A plus E1B genes. After infection of Gpt+
      Ad+ cell clones with Ad5 dl312, the early genes of dl312 were efficiently
      transcribed, indicating the expression of the pre-early function of the Ad12 E1A
      gene. Two clones each from gAE1A-,gARC-, and gABA-transformed cells were
      subcultured for a long period to determine the stability of the transfecting
      DNAs. Subculture in a nonselective medium resulted in cells which lost the
      transfecting DNAs. Subculture in a selective medium resulted in the selection of
      cells which maintained the gpt gene expression but lost the Ad12 gene expression.
      These results indicate that the transfecting DNA is present in an unstable state
      in KB cells.

PMID- 6834476
TI  - Polycaryocyte formation mediated by Sindbis virus glycoproteins.
AB  - The process of cell fusion mediated by Sindbis virus membrane proteins
      synthesized after infection was examined. At the times after infection at which
      virus proteins were detectable on the cell surface, Sindbis virus-infected BHK-21
      cells were found to express a fusion function after brief treatment at acid pH.
      In studies employing wild-type virus and temperature-sensitive mutants and
      testing drug or protease inhibition of virus production, we made the following
      observations on Sindbis virus-mediated fusion from within. (i) Fusion requires
      the synthesis of virus glycoproteins and their transport to the cell surface.
      (ii) Modification of the cell plasma membrane by polypeptides PE2 and E1 alone is
      not sufficient for expression of the fusion function. (iii) The proteolytic
      conversion of plasma membrane-associated PE2 to E2 is not essential for fusion.
      (iv) Glycosylation of virus plasma membrane proteins is essential for fusion. (v)
      The lesions of Sindbis virus temperature-sensitive mutants do not affect their
      ability to fuse cells.

PMID- 6834477
TI  - Conformational changes in Sindbis virus envelope proteins accompanying exposure
      to low pH.
AB  - The attachment of high multiplicities of Sindbis virus to tissue-cultured cells
      followed by brief treatment at low pH has been shown to produce cell fusion
      (fusion from without). In this report, experiments to determine the effects of
      low pH on the physical and biological properties of Sindbis virus are described.
      Exposure of purified Sindbis virions to mildly acidic conditions resulted in a
      rapid and irreversible alteration in particle density and sedimentation
      characteristics, followed by a slower loss of infectivity. Infectivity was not
      restored by a return to neutral pH; rather, the loss of virus infectivity seemed
      to be initiated by exposure to low pH but continued at neutral pH. The formation
      of a virus-cell complex in which virions were attached to the cell surface
      protected the particles from low-pH inactivation, although low pH could still
      expose virus functions responsible for cell fusion. Low pH was found to induce a
      conformational change in the E2 polypeptide of the intact virion. These results
      are discussed with respect to the process of Sindbis virus infection of tissue
      cultured cells.

PMID- 6834478
TI  - Transformation of rat cells by cyt mutants of adenovirus type 12 and mutants of
      adenovirus type 5.
AB  - Several mutants with much reduced oncogenicity (spontaneous mutants H12 cyt 52
      and H12 cyt 70 and UV-induced mutants H12 cyt 61, H12 cyt 62, and H12 cyt 68) of
      the highly oncogenic adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) were studied for their ability to
      transform primary baby rat kidney cells. Four of the mutants showed much reduced
      capacity to transform cells in vitro, while H12 cyt 61 transformed cells as
      efficiently as the wild-type virus. Viral gene expression in several cell lines
      established from cultures infected by cyt mutants was studied, and it was found
      that viral sequences belonging to the left 16% of Ad12 were always transcribed.
      These results suggest that the function of the transformed state is not defective
      in the cyt mutants studied. Heterotypic complementation studies showed that the
      defect(s) in a cyt mutant can be corrected by an Ad7 function. Ad5 dl 313, with a
      deletion between 3.5 and 10.5 map units, transformed rat cells only at high
      multiplicity. These results suggest that the region E1B of adenoviruses may be
      required for efficient transformation of rat cells.

PMID- 6834479
TI  - Coliphage P1 morphogenesis: analysis of mutants by electron microscopy.
AB  - We used electron microscopy and serum blocking power tests to determine the
      phenotypes of 47 phage P1 amber mutants that have defects in particle
      morphogenesis. Eleven mutants showed head defects, 30 showed tail defects, and 6
      had a defect in particle maturation (which could be either in the head or in the
      tail). Consideration of previous complementation test results, genetic and
      physical positions of the mutations, and phenotypes of the mutants allowed
      assignment of most of the 47 mutations to genes. Thus, a minimum of 12 tail
      genes, 4 head genes, and 1 particle maturation gene are now known for P1. Of the
      12 tail genes, 1 (gene 19, located within the invertible C loop) codes for tail
      fibers, 6 (genes 3, 5, 16, 20, 21, and 26) code for baseplate components
      (although one of these genes could code for the tail tube), 1 (gene 22) codes for
      the sheath, 1 (gene 6) affects tail length, 2 (genes 7 and 25) are involved in
      tail stability, and 1 (gene 24) either codes for a baseplate component or is
      involved in tail stability. Of the four head genes, gene 9 codes for a protein
      required for DNA packaging. The function of head gene 4 is unclear. Head gene 8
      probably codes for a minor head protein, whereas head gene 23 could code for
      either a minor head protein or the major head protein. Excluding the particle
      maturation gene (gene 1), the 12 tail genes are clustered in three regions of the
      P1 physical genome. The four head genes are at four separate locations. However,
      some P1 head genes have not yet been detected and could be located in two regions
      (for which there are no known genes) adjacent to genes 4 and 8. The P1
      morphogenetic gene clusters are interrupted by many genes that are expressed in
      the prophage.

PMID- 6834480
TI  - Comparison of the sequences and coding of La Crosse and snowshoe hare bunyavirus
      S RNA species.
AB  - The sequence of the S RNA of La Crosse bunyavirus was deduced from analyses of
      DNA copies cloned in the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. The S RNA is 984
      nucleotides in length, has a base ratio of 31.8% U, 27.0% A, 23.2% C, and 18.0%
      G, and codes for two distinct gene products that are read from overlapping
      reading frames in the viral complementary strand. The larger gene product (N,
      26.5 x 10(3) daltons) contains 235 amino acids, and the smaller gene product
      (NSS, 10.4 x 10(3) daltons) has 92 amino acids. Comparisons with the published
      sequences of the related snowshoe hare bunyavirus S RNA and its gene products
      (Bishop et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 10:3703-3713, 1982) indicate that there are a
      total of 114 nucleotide differences (6 additions or deletions and 108
      substitutions). Also, there are 22 amino acid differences between the N proteins
      and 12 amino acid differences between the NSS proteins of the two S RNAs.

PMID- 6834482
TI  - Uricemia and urinary acidification in renal calcium stone disease.
AB  - Serum urate concentrations were determined in 487 consecutive patients with stone
      disease and in 89 controls. Male controls had higher concentrations than female
      controls but men and women with stones had lower concentrations than controls.
      Renal acidification defects, incomplete and complete forms, were found in 25 per
      cent of the patients with stones, with the highest frequency in patients with
      hyperuricemia. Patients with proximal renal acidification defects had a higher
      serum urate concentration than patients with normal acidification of the urine.
      The urinary excretion of urate was higher in hyperuricemic than in normouricemic
      patients but lower in patients with hyperuricemia and renal acidification defects
      than in those with hyperuricemia and normal acidification of the urine. This
      finding indicates that underexcretion rather than overproduction contributes to
      the higher serum urate concentration in patients with renal acidification
      defects. Stone patients with high serum urate levels, especially in combination
      with renal acidification defects, had more severe stone disease and underwent
      more operations than other patients with stones. Thus, hyperuricemia does not
      appear to be a common feature in patients with calcium stone disease, although it
      is associated with formation of large stones for unknown reasons.

PMID- 6834483
TI  - Transforceps operative nephroscope.
AB  - A new type of operative nephroscope has been developed that possesses the
      advantages of a fiberoptic scope but with good tactile sensation. The diameter of
      the scope is 2.3 mm. and its overall length is 770 mm., with a working length of
      600 mm. The angle of the visual field is 70 degrees and its depth is 3 to 50 mm.
      The fiberscope is used in combination with forceps with hollow arms. The
      instrument is inserted through 1 of the arms of the forceps, while the other arm
      can be used for irrigation. The fiberscope may be fixed on a stand and,
      therefore, pyelolithotomy can be done in the conventional manner while the
      interior of the renal pelvis is observed. The instrument was used for
      pyelolithotomy in 26 patients with multiple renal stones and to examine the renal
      pelvis in 16 with drainage by nephrostomy or cutaneous ureterostomy. All stones
      were removed successfully in all but 1 patient in the former group.

PMID- 6834481
TI  - Inhibition of vaccinia virus growth and virus-specific RNA synthesis by 3'-O
      methyl adenosine and 3'-O-methyl guanosine.
AB  - The 5' triphosphates of the methylated nucleoside analogs 3'-O-methyl adenosine
      and 3'-O-methyl guanosine are RNA chain terminators in vitro. However,
      anticellular or antiviral effects of 3'-O-methylated nucleosides or nucleotides
      have not been investigated. This is presumably because of the assumption that
      cellular kinases will be unable to phosphorylate the nucleosides. We report here
      that contrary to this assumption, 3'-O-methyl adenosine and to a lesser extent 3'
      O-methyl guanosine are potent inhibitors of vaccinia virus growth in L-cells and
      Vero cells, without having a significant effect on cell growth at concentrations
      required to inhibit virus growth. Experiments revealed that early virus-specific
      RNA synthesis was preferentially inhibited by both 3'-O-methyl adenosine and 3'-O
      methyl guanosine.

PMID- 6834484
TI  - Bilateral nephrolithiasis: simultaneous operative management.
AB  - A total of 14 patients with extensive bilateral nephrolithiasis underwent
      simultaneous bilateral lithotomy, in most instances through a single
      transabdominal incision. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy was performed on 25 kidneys,
      while 3 kidneys were approached in other ways without formal hypothermia and
      ischemia. There was no statistically significant change in the average
      preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine values (p greater than 0.1).
      There were residual stone fragments in 2 of the 28 kidneys (7 per cent) and
      stones recurred in 3 others (11 per cent) during the followup period (average 12
      months). Of the 14 patients 10 (71 per cent) had infected urine preoperatively
      and 9 (64 per cent) have been free of infection postoperatively. There were no
      operative deaths and the average postoperative hospital stay was 17.6 days. We
      herein demonstrate that bilateral renal surgery for stone removal in 1 operative
      session can be performed safely with results comparable to those of unilateral
      staged procedures using other approaches. The advantages of this type of surgical
      management are discussed.

PMID- 6834485
TI  - Dorsovertical lumbotomy approach for surgery of upper urinary tract calculi.
AB  - During a 30-month interval 26 patients underwent pyelolithotomy or upper
      ureterolithotomy through the dorsovertical lumbotomy approach. The intraoperative
      course and postoperative performance were compared to those in a similar group of
      patients operated upon using the standard flank incision. Our analysis
      established the superiority of the dorsovertical lumbotomy incision for all
      factors evaluated, especially postoperative drainage, analgesic use and hospital
      stay. The surgical steps are described in detail and the relative
      contraindications are discussed.

PMID- 6834486
TI  - Single ectopic ureter.
AB  - We report on 17 female and 4 male patients with single ectopic ureters, 9 of whom
      also had vaginal ectopic ureters. The clinicopathological features and surgical
      management are presented, with particular emphasis on the associated renal
      dysplasia and the complete excision of the ectopic ureteral stump. Although
      single ureteral ectopia with drainage to the vagina is rare in the English
      literature the condition is common in Japan.

PMID- 6834487
TI  - Carcinoma of the ureter: natural history, management and 5-year survival.
AB  - We reviewed retrospectively 53 new cases of primary ureteral carcinoma. Each
      patient was staged pathologically and survival by operative procedure was
      compared. Depth of tumor invasion is the most accurate indicator of over-all
      outcome. Patients with stage A tumors had an 80 per cent 5-year survival rate,
      compared to only 33.3 per cent of the patients with stage C lesions. Patients
      also were divided into 2 groups: group 1 patients had a ureteral lesion only, and
      group 2 patients had a ureteral tumor and a second primary urothelial lesion. No
      difference was found in 5-year survival rates for patients in groups 1 (48.3 per
      cent) and 2 (47.7 per cent). Since prognosis for patients with low stage tumors
      was not enhanced by an aggressive operation a more conservative approach is
      indicated.

PMID- 6834488
TI  - Repair of parastomal hernia by translocation of the stoma without laparotomy.

PMID- 6834489
TI  - Junctional pattern in the squamous metaplasia of the female trigone. A freeze
      fracture study.
AB  - The junctional pattern of squamous metaplasia in the female trigone was studied
      by the freeze-fracture technique. Desmosomes were observed in all epithelial
      layers and varied in complexity from the basal to the superficial layers. Gap
      junctions were observed in the lower and upper epithelial layers. Tight junctions
      were detected occasionally in the superficial layer only, which appeared as
      maculae and did not form zonulae occludens. These data support previous
      suggestions that the squamous metaplastic epithelium is not waterproof and may
      interfere with the contraction-expansion mechanism of the bladder.

PMID- 6834490
TI  - One-stage penile/preputial cutaneous island flap urethroplasty for urethral
      stricture: a preliminary report.
AB  - A 1-stage urethroplasty for urethral strictures is described using a transverse
      distal penile or preputial island of skin as a flap, which is supplied axially by
      the superficial external pudendal vessels. This portion of the skin is hairless
      and the pedicle is constructed so that the skin can reach anywhere from the
      external meatus to the prostatic urethra for reconstruction as a patch or tube.
      In 10 cases reviewed urethroscopically for intervals of 5 weeks to 6 months there
      was 100 per cent graft take with no stenosis at the anastomotic sites and no
      permanent fistula. There was 1 residual stricture owing to incomplete excision of
      the original stricture and 3 fine hairs were seen in 2 new urethras. Mucous
      membrane or mucocutaneous bridges occurred in 4 patients owing which were divided
      easily.

PMID- 6834491
TI  - A new device for diagnostic screening of nocturnal penile tumescence.
AB  - An erectometer for the measurement of sleep erections is described. Comparative
      studies using simultaneously strain gauges and the new device indicate that it
      possesses a significant potential for valid measurement of the circumferential
      increase that may occur during sleep. Because of its reliability, simplicity and
      low cost the erectometer is proposed as a screening procedure or as a diagnostic
      alternative when sleep laboratory facilities are not feasible.

PMID- 6834492
TI  - Etiology of diabetic impotence.
AB  - We evaluated 31 male diabetics for sexual dysfunction. Patients were examined by
      an endocrinologist, psychologist or psychiatrist, urologist and
      neurophysiologist. Evaluation was done by penile blood pressure, pudendal nerve
      latency, psychologic testing and laboratory tests, including serum testosterone
      levels. Mean patient age was 53 years and the average onset of sexual dysfunction
      was 6 years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Results showed that 68 per cent of
      the patients had evidence of vascular occlusion, 26 per cent had neurologic
      abnormalities, 19 per cent had low plasma testosterone levels and 38 per cent had
      relevant psychological problems, although the condition was considered primarily
      psychogenic in only 19 per cent. Of those patients with abnormal nerve latencies
      86 per cent had abnormal Doppler penile systolic pressures, while only 28 per
      cent of the patients with abnormal penile pressures had abnormal neurologic
      findings. These data suggest that vascular occlusion is the most prevalent
      abnormality in impotent diabetics and may predate neurologic abnormalities. The
      diabetics were divided into 2 groups, insulin-dependent and insulin-nondependent
      patients. A higher incidence of vascular lesions was found in insulin-dependent
      diabetics (83 versus 57 per cent), suggesting that vascular pathological
      conditions are related to severity of the diabetes. Although most diabetics have
      a vascular etiology for impotence one must remember that other causes may be
      present and that a thorough investigation is necessary.

PMID- 6834493
TI  - Reactions to the implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis among
      psychogenically and organically impotent men.
AB  - We evaluated 17 nondepressed and psychologically stable recipients of an
      inflatable penile prosthesis who had been either organically or psychogenically
      impotent and 12 of their sexual partners several months after surgical
      implantation. The men were evaluated for changes in general psychological
      adjustment, sexual satisfaction and sexual activity. The partners were assessed
      separately on similar instruments. Two scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory were found to have potential for initially discriminating
      organic and psychogenic impotence. The hypothesis that psychogenic recipients
      would manifest more psychological difficulties and would be less satisfied was
      only partially supported. While neither group suffered significant disturbance in
      psychological adjustment a consistent pattern was noted in which psychogenic
      patients were somewhat less satisfied with the results and experienced more
      postoperative complications. However, over-all reactions were positive, including
      increases in frequency of sexual over-all reactions were positive, including
      increases in frequency of sexual intercourse and duration of sexual play for
      patients and their partners.

PMID- 6834494
TI  - Testicular trauma.
AB  - The incidence of rupture in cases of blunt testicular trauma is 48 per cent.
      Conservative management in cases of contusion or rupture of the testis has
      resulted in a 45 per cent failure rate and a 45 per cent orchiectomy rate when
      delayed exploration was required. Early exploration of patients with testicular
      trauma has resulted in only a 9 per cent orchiectomy rate, a shortened hospital
      stay, a greatly reduced period of disability and a faster return to normal
      activity.

PMID- 6834495
TI  - Stage A prostatic carcinoma and repeat transurethral resection: a reappraisal 5
      years later.
AB  - The treatment of patients with stage A prostatic carcinoma demands precise
      pathological review. In an attempt to evaluate these patients thoroughly earlier
      reports from our institution recommended repeat transurethral biopsy. Recent
      studies have reaffirmed the benign nature of stage A1 disease. To examine the
      efficacy of this procedure a referee pathologist reviewed 8 years of experience
      with patients with stage A prostatic carcinoma from our institution. Clinical
      followup was more than 5 years in most cases. Of the 40 patients who underwent
      repeat transurethral biopsy the tumor in 38 remained stage A1 pathologically.
      While 1 patient died of the tumor the the remainder are without clinical disease.
      This low incidence of upstaging does not support the routine use of repeat
      resections.

PMID- 6834496
TI  - The dissemination of cancer by transurethral resection of locally advanced
      prostate cancer.
AB  - In 1973 a study was done on 443 patients treated with radiation therapy for
      cancer of the prostate. An actuarial analysis was done on survival comparing
      patients whose cancer was diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate to
      those diagnosed by needle biopsy. This analysis indicated a doubling of
      recurrence and of deaths of patients diagnosed by transurethral resection of the
      prostate. This effect of transurethral resection of the prostate was observed in
      patients with T3 and T4 cancer of intermediate, poor or unstated differentiation.
      It was not observed in those with well differentiated cancer. The effect was not
      caused by a difference in the extent of cancer or a distribution of histologic
      subtypes between the 2 diagnostic groups. Therefore, it appears that
      transurethral resection of the prostate causes dissemination on locally advanced
      prostatic cancer and clinical studies are suggested to avoid or minimize this
      effect.

PMID- 6834498
TI  - Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in pelvic lymph node staging biopsies for
      adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 6834497
TI  - Serial spot hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios in metastatic prostatic cancer.
AB  - Analysis of urinary hydroxyproline levels offers a marker to monitor osseous
      involvement in patients with metastatic malignancies. Such a marker is needed in
      patients with prostatic cancer when bone metastases predominate. Thirty-two men
      with stage D2 prostatic cancer were monitored by bone scan, acid and alkaline
      phosphatase values, and urinary hydroxyproline, beginning from 4 to 36 months
      after initiation of hormonal manipulation and/or systemic chemotherapy. In
      patients with disease progression determined by bone scan serial urinary
      hydroxyproline values progressively increased and were significantly elevated
      compared to urinary values obtained from patients with a stable or improving scan
      (p less than 0.001). Simultaneous alkaline phosphatase determinations showed less
      significant differences between patient groups. Acid phosphatase did not reliably
      indicate osseous response to therapy. These data suggest that urinary
      hydroxyproline values are predictive as an early objective sign of osseous
      response in patients receiving therapy for stage D2 prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6834499
TI  - Pelvic lymph node status as predictor of extracapsular tumor extension in
      clinical stage B prostatic cancer.
AB  - To examine the accuracy of normal pelvic lymph node status in identifying
      patients with clinical stage B prostatic cancer not having extracapsular tumor
      extension we reviewed 63 consecutive patients (39 stage B1 and 24 stage B2)
      treated with radical prostatectomy. Ten per cent of the patients with stage B1
      lesions (tumor involving 1 lobe) and 38 per cent with stage B2 lesions (tumor
      involving both lobes) had extracapsular extension. Extracapsular tumor extension
      was more common in patients with larger, less differentiated lesions. The results
      suggest that a negative pelvic lymphadenectomy does not exclude with a high
      degree of confidence extracapsular tumor extension in patients with clinical
      stage B2 prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6834500
TI  - Prostate cancer.

PMID- 6834501
TI  - Evaluation of daily meatal care with poly-antibiotic ointment in prevention of
      urinary catheter-associated bacteriuria.
AB  - Meatal care with a poly-antibiotic ointment twice daily was evaluated in a
      prospective, randomized, controlled study of patients with temporary indwelling
      urethral catheters. Bacteriuria was acquired in 14 of 214 patients treated (6.5
      per cent), compared to 16 of 214 patients not given treatment (7.5 per cent). The
      rate of bacteriuria was slightly lower in the treated than in the untreated group
      by each of 4 different statistical methods. In a subset of female patients at
      high risk a significant reduction in the rate of bacteriuria in treated patients
      was found by 1 method of analysis. These results contrast to previous studies in
      our hospital in which meatal care, using either nonantiseptic soap and water or
      an iodophor solution and ointment, was found to predispose to bacteriuria in high
      risk female patients. The benefit, if any, of meatal care with poly-antibiotic
      ointment appears to be small.

PMID- 6834502
TI  - The urologic care of the spinal cord injury patient.
AB  - From 1974 to 1979, 141 acute spinal cord injury patients in the acute phase were
      managed by sterile, intermittent catheterization without complication. Of these
      patients 101 have been followed to the present. We used urodynamic criteria to
      determine whether these patients should be in retention on intermittent self
      catheterization, or voiding with or without an appliance. When compared to a
      matched control group managed by indwelling catheterization in the acute phase
      and conventional criteria in the rehabilitation phase, 1 of 10 complications and
      1 of 7 infections occurred in the study group. This analysis confirms that
      intermittent catheterization in the acute and rehabilitation phases, and the use
      of urodynamic criteria to follow lower tract management to achieve a low pressure
      voiding system represent major advances in the care of the urinary tract in
      patients with acute spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6834503
TI  - Hydronephrosis in the asymptomatic neonate with myelodysplasia.
AB  - Early diagnosis and intervention in the child with myelodysplasia can effectively
      improve and preserve renal function in those newborns presenting with
      abnormalities at birth or who are at risk for deterioration of renal function
      from infection, vesicoureteral reflux and/or obstruction. During a 1-year period
      10 newborns with myelodysplasia were seen. Hydronephrosis was present in 6,
      reflux in 3 and urinary tract infection in 3. In each newborn adequate
      decompression of the bladder and complete resolution of the hydronephrosis were
      achieved. Uroradiographic evaluation was helpful in determining the best mode of
      therapy for each individual.

PMID- 6834504
TI  - Character of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritic renal scarring after
      antireflux surgery.
AB  - We followed 40 girls who had undergone antireflux surgery (the Politano
      Leadbetter technique) at the mean age of 5.2 years until they reached a mean age
      of 9.5 years. Each girl was matched with a control. The pairs were matched for
      age at the onset of urinary tract infections and time of operation or selection,
      number as well as grade (1 to 3) of severity of the preoperative episodes and
      grade (II to IV) of reflux. Followup time for each member of the pair was
      identical. Postoperatively, the incidence of pyelonephritic urinary tract
      infection episodes (grade 3) was significantly less (p less than 0.01) among the
      operated than the nonoperated cases (9 versus 29), while the number of
      symptomatic lower urinary tract infections (grade 2) was virtually the same (14
      versus 19) in both groups. The operated cases had more asymptomatic bacteriuria
      (26 versus 12 episodes) so that the total numbers of episodes of bacteriuria
      (grades 1 through 3) were similar in both groups. Antireflux surgery did not
      prevent the progression of pyelonephritic renal scarring, which continued equally
      in operated and nonoperated cases.

PMID- 6834505
TI  - Bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2 predicts normal bladder
      capacity and aids in diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns.
AB  - Standardization of the bladder capacities of children will improve the precision
      of urodynamic evaluation. In an attempt to develop a practical guide to predict
      the normal bladder capacity during childhood the bladder capacities of 132
      children without a clinically abnormal pattern of voiding were measured. When the
      bladder capacities are correlated by age the following linear relationship
      exists: normal bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2. The bladder
      capacities of 68 children with primary enuresis, frequency or infrequent voiding
      were then measured. Children with clinically infrequent voiding demonstrated
      large bladder capacities and those with frequency or enuresis demonstrated small
      bladder capacities compared to normal children. The formula appears to be a
      useful guide to predict normal bladder capacity by age and also to aid in the
      diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns.

PMID- 6834506
TI  - A conservative approach to testicular tumors in children: 12 cases and their
      management.
AB  - During a 34-year period 12 children were seen with testicular tumors. Of 8 benign
      tumors 7 were treated by orchiectomy and 1 by local excision only. The 4
      malignant tumors were managed by orchiectomy and 1 boy also received adjunctive
      chemotherapy. All patients are alive and have had no recurrent tumors after 1 1/2
      to 34 years of followup. Because testicular tumors usually are less aggressive in
      prepubertal children, the chance of cure by orchiectomy alone in this age group
      is good. However, the potential of these tumors for metastases makes it
      imperative that they be observed closely.

PMID- 6834508
TI  - Massive retroperitoneal tumor in a 40-year-old man.

PMID- 6834507
TI  - Urologic implications of the VATER association.
AB  - Among 23 children with the VATER association 21 had significant genitourinary
      involvement. The extent of these genitourinary anomalies is not generally
      appreciated. The principal renal anomalies were renal agenesis (7 cases),
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction (5 cases), crossed fused ectopia (5 cases) and
      severe reflux (9 cases). Since corrective urologic surgery is commonly beneficial
      for children with the VATER association, an early and appropriate urologic
      evaluation is indicated.

PMID- 6834509
TI  - Cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis treated by extracorporeal surgery and
      autotransplantation with pyelocystostomy.
AB  - We report on a patient who had had recurrent renal stones on the right side for
      37 years. At the sixth lithotomy the diagnosis of cholesteatoma of the renal
      pelvis was discussed. After another recurrence of stones and a pelvic lesion
      nephrectomy was considered. However, the kidney still had 60 per cent of total
      renal function and the other kidney also harbored stones. Therefore,
      extracorporeal exploration was performed. The stones and keratin masses were
      removed from the pelvis and frozen section showed no malignant changes. The
      kidney was reimplanted in the ipsilateral iliac fossa with end-to-side
      anastomosis to the external iliac vessels and a wide direct anastomosis between
      the pelvis and the bladder. At followup 2 months postoperatively the patient was
      well. Autotransplantation with pyelocystostomy facilitates free passage of
      recurrent stones and keratin fragments, and allows for future transurethral
      control of the renal pelvis. Thus, the procedure is well suited for the treatment
      of cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis.

PMID- 6834510
TI  - Isolated congenital vesicovaginal fistula.
AB  - Vesicovaginal fistula is a recognized complication in patients with antecedent
      surgical trauma or pelvic organ malignancy and as a sequela to radiation in this
      area. A review of the literature failed to document a case of isolated congenital
      vesicovaginal fistula with no other associated organ dysgenesis. We report on a 4
      year-old child with incontinence resulting from an idiopathic vesicovaginal
      fistula.

PMID- 6834511
TI  - A case of vesicouterine fistula after cesarean section with delivery through the
      bladder.
AB  - We report a case of a vesicouterine fistula subsequent to delivery at cesarean
      section through the bladder. A first attempt to close the fistula failed but a
      second operation adhering to the general principles of fistula repair was
      successful.

PMID- 6834512
TI  - Penile erections complicating transurethral surgery.

PMID- 6834513
TI  - Use of ephedrine in post-lymphadenectomy ejaculatory failure: a case report.

PMID- 6834514
TI  - Vasitis nodosa presenting as a mass of the spermatic cord.

PMID- 6834515
TI  - Emphysematous prostatic abscess: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - We report an unusual case of an emphysematous prostatic abscess. Prostatic
      abscess is a difficult clinical diagnosis associated with lower urinary tract
      symptomatology and frequently diabetes mellitus. Computerized axial tomography
      and transrectal or transurethral ultrasonography can assist in making a specific
      diagnosis. Definitive treatment is complete surgical drainage, which is achieved
      by transurethral resection of the prostate. Wide spectrum, adjuvant antibiotic
      therapy should be given to assure coverage of anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 6834517
TI  - Cloacal duplication: genitourinary and lower intestinal implications.

PMID- 6834518
TI  - Re: Congenital absence of the kidney: problems in diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6834516
TI  - Prostatorectal fistula associated with 125iodine seed radiotherapy.

PMID- 6834519
TI  - Re: The comparative medical costs of 2 major procedures available for the
      treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 6834521
TI  - Re: Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and
      prevention.

PMID- 6834520
TI  - Simplified removal of the glanular urethra.

PMID- 6834522
TI  - Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. III. Long-term effects
      on renal function.
AB  - A partial obstruction of 1 ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects
      were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed pelvis was found to be considerably
      enlarged. Nevertheless, the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was only slightly
      decreased (10 per cent), completely compensated by increase on the contralateral,
      non-obstructed side. The reduction in GFR was less than the reduction in number
      of glomeruli (19 per cent), indicating a raised filtration rate per glomerulus.
      Water excretion was slightly increased and potassium excretion moderately
      decreased; sodium and osmolar excretion were not significantly affected. There
      was no correlation between these changes and the degree of pelvic enlargement.
      Thus, in this model, in which there is no urinary tract infection or
      pyelonephritis, partial obstructive uropathy caused less damage to the kidney
      function than might have been expected.

PMID- 6834523
TI  - The neurophysiological basis of bladder inhibition in response to intravaginal
      electrical stimulation.
AB  - Intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVS) induces a profound bladder inhibition
      and is successful in the treatment of incontinence due to detrusor instability.
      In this experimental study in cats, direct recordings of the efferent activity in
      thin hypogastric and pelvic nerve filaments to the bladder were used to analyze
      the neuronal mechanisms underlying this bladder inhibition. A longlasting reflex
      discharge, with a latency of 35 to 50 msec., was evoked in the hypogastric nerve
      by IVS. The reflex discharge was unaffected by imposed changes in intravesical
      pressure or by micturition contractions, but the response was very frequency
      sensitive with an optimal transmission at about 5 Hz of stimulation. A
      "spontaneous" efferent activity could be recorded in the pelvic nerve filaments
      when the bladder pressure was elevated above 5 to 7 cm. H2O. The pelvic activity
      occurred in 10 to 20-second bursts, each followed by an abortive detrusor
      contraction. IVS of 5 to 10 Hz completely abolished this efferent pelvic activity
      by central inhibition. The findings are discussed in relation to the normal
      neuronal control of the bladder and to the clinical application of IVS.

PMID- 6834524
TI  - Studies on the phagocytic function of urinary leukocytes.
AB  - Urine specimens from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) were examined to
      determine the rate of phagocytosis and viability of urinary leukocytes. The
      phagocytic function of urinary leukocytes was also studied in vitro. The mean
      rate of viable urinary leukocytes was 83 per cent and the phagocytic potency was
      confirmed by light and electron microscopic studies. In 99 per cent of 113
      patients with UTI, urinary leukocytes were shown to have phagocytized bacteria.
      The rate of phagocytosis in chronic UTI was higher than that in acute UTI.
      Urinary osmotic pressure and the positive or negative of antibody coated bacteria
      were supposed to be factors influencing phagocytic potency of urinary leukocytes.

PMID- 6834525
TI  - Action potential of isolated human ureter recorded with sucrose gap technique.
AB  - The action potential of human ureter was recorded in vitro by sucrose gap
      technique and the effects of some cations and drugs were studied. The action
      potential was composed of an initial fast component of spike and a subsequent
      slow component, a plateau, without a definite after-positive potential. Duration
      of the action potential was 1.0 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- standard deviation, n = 5)
      seconds at resting membrane potential level and 0.8 +/- 0.1 seconds at 90 per
      cent of the repolarization level. Ratio of plateau potential to spike potential
      was 80 +/- 4 per cent. The results of ionic influence suggested that calcium
      played an important role in the generation of spike potential and sodium in the
      generation of plateau potential. The application of noradrenaline and serotonin
      showed an excitatory effect which was observed as an increase of spontaneous
      discharge with depolarization of membrane potential and slow depolarization
      preceding the action potential. The slow depolarization was never observed in
      control preparations. These findings suggested that the ureter might have the
      capacity to generate a pacemaker-like slow depolarization which could conceivably
      relate to the automaticity of the ureter. Acetylcholine showed an excitatory
      effect only when the preparation was pretreated by physostigmine.

PMID- 6834526
TI  - Concentration profiles of calcium and oxalate in urine, tubular fluid and renal
      tissue--some theoretical considerations.
AB  - This paper analyzes some aspects of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. It is
      emphasized that a better understanding of factors contributing to stone formation
      can only be gained when the primary nucleation site is identified. Three
      compartments are considered in which supersaturation as a precondition for stone
      formation could be present: urine in the urinary tract, tubular fluid from the
      glomerulus down to the duct of Bellini, and the interstitium of the medulla. From
      calculations based on micropuncture data it becomes apparent that the oxalate
      concentration in the tubular fluid at the bend of Henle's loop is 1 or 2 orders
      of magnitude lower than in the duct of Bellini and that the oxalate concentration
      maximum invariably must be located in the final urine. The calculation of a
      tubular concentration profile of oxalate shows, that the probability of intra
      luminal crystal formation is even less likely for plasma oxalate values of 2-3
      microM as compared to 1.2 microM, which therefore should be the correct value.
      The time necessary for the growth of crystals up to a critical size which can
      obstruct tubules or ureter is not available in the urinary tract nor in the
      tubules. However, in the medullary interstitium, where solute concentration is
      highest, nearly unlimited time for crystal growth is available due to the fact,
      that in this compartment convective flow is very low. It is concluded that the
      interstitium of the inner medulla has the best chances to function as the primary
      nucleation site where particles can be formed of a size which subsequently can
      obstruct the urinary tract.

PMID- 6834528
TI  - A new percutaneous nephrostomy set.

PMID- 6834527
TI  - The renal quantitative scintillation camera study for determination of renal
      function.
AB  - The renal quantitative scintillation camera study assesses glomerular filtration
      rate and effective renal plasma flow based upon renal uptake of 99mtechnetium
      iron ascorbate and 131iodine-hippuran, respectively. The method was compared to
      inulin, para-aminohippuric acid and creatinine clearance studies in 7 normal
      subjects and 9 patients with various degrees of reduced renal function. The
      reproducibility of the technique was determined in 15 randomly selected pediatric
      patients. The values of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma
      flow were not significantly different from those of inulin and para-aminohippuric
      acid studies. The reproducibility of the technique was comparable to that of
      inulin and para-aminohippuric acid studies. Patient acceptance of the technique
      is excellent and the cost is minimal. Renal morphology and excretory dynamics
      also are demonstrated. The technique is advocated as a clinical measure of renal
      function.

PMID- 6834529
TI  - Stab wounds of the kidney: conservative management in flank penetration.
AB  - Between April 1976 and December 1980, 373 patients with stab wounds of the
      abdomen were seen in our emergency room. Of 47 cases (12.6 per cent) in which
      renal penetration was confirmed nonoperative management was selected in 34 (70.2
      per cent), with no further sequelae in 28 (82 per cent). The site of abdominal
      penetration was posterior to the anterior axillary line in 30 successful
      conservatively managed patients (88 per cent). The site of abdominal wound
      penetration in conjunction with clinical stability may avoid unnecessary renal
      explorations.

PMID- 6834530
TI  - Augmentation cystoplasty in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
AB  - We report on the role of augmentation cystoplasty in the treatment of 18 patients
      with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and associated symptoms of severe urinary
      urgency, frequency and urinary incontinence. All patients failed to obtain any
      symptomatic improvement with a variety of treatments, including intermittent self
      catheterization and pharmacologic manipulation. Preoperative evaluation helped
      segregate the patients into 3 groups: 1) those with extremely poor bladder wall
      compliance, 2) those with severe detrusor hyperreflexia and 3) those with a
      combined problem of poor bladder wall compliance and hyperreflexia. Bladder
      augmentation involved cecocystoplasty in 15 cases and ileocystoplasty in 3. In 5
      patients an artificial urinary sphincter cuff was placed in an attempt to improve
      continence. Followup ranging from 12 to 120 months (mean 38 months) was available
      in 17 patients. An excellent surgical result was obtained in 82 per cent of the
      patients who became asymptomatic and continent after augmentation cystoplasty.
      Augmentation cystoplasty is a therapeutic modality that should be considered a
      viable treatment option in selected patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

PMID- 6834531
TI  - Reconstruction of the urinary tract by cecal and ileocecal cystoplasty: review of
      a 15-year experience.

PMID- 6834532
TI  - The predictive value of 2,-4, dinitrochlorobenzene skin testing in patients with
      bilharzial bladder cancer.
AB  - A group of 40 patients with bilharzial bladder cancer underwent quantitative skin
      testing with dinitrochlorobenzene and purified protein derivative of tuberculin
      before radical surgery. Correlations were made between various clinical
      parameters, patient outcome, skin test results and pathologic changes in the
      resected bladder and draining lymph nodes. Striking associations between
      dinitrochlorobenzene responses and tumor stage, tumor recurrence and several
      specific parameters of lymph node stimulation were found, while no correlations
      were made with the pathologic grade, size or type of tumor, degree of
      schistosomal infestation or tumor bed inflammation. Purified protein derivative
      responses showed no correlation with any parameter examined. Patient outcome also
      showed a good correlation with tumor stage and draining lymph node reaction.
      These findings indicate that dinitrochlorobenzene skin testing as a presumptive
      test of cell-mediated immunity may represent a good predictor of clinical outcome
      in patients with bilharzial bladder cancer, and correlates well with draining
      lymph node stimulation.

PMID- 6834533
TI  - Eccentric flap repair of urethral fistulas.
AB  - Urethral fistulas of various causes, most commonly as a complication of previous
      urethroplasty, may be repaired by a simple eccentric flap technique with
      variations and modifications of skin closure. With use of absorbable synthetic
      suture materials, surgical magnification and transient catheterization a high
      degree of success may be achieved with this method.

PMID- 6834534
TI  - Primary realignment of posterior urethral injuries.
AB  - The records of 34 patients with posterior urethral disruptions secondary to blunt
      pelvic trauma who were treated with primary realignment were reviewed. Among the
      29 evaluable patients there was a 38 per cent incidence of stricture (11 of 29),
      a 3 per cent incidence of incontinence (1 of 29) and a 15 per cent incidence of
      impotence (4 of 27). Primary realignment has a low morbidity and an acceptable
      rate of incontinence, impotence and stricture formation, and is recommended in
      the treatment of posterior urethral injuries.

PMID- 6834535
TI  - Microscopic penile revascularization.
AB  - A total of 8 patients with vasculogenic erectile impotence underwent
      revascularization by bilateral anastomosis of the inferior epigastric arteries to
      the dorsal penile arteries. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year
      postoperatively. Of the 8 patients 6 had successful long-term results. The
      techniques of patient selection, pudendal angiography and surgical
      revascularization are presented.

PMID- 6834536
TI  - Review of delayed orchiectomy in patients with disseminated testis tumors.
AB  - Of 8 patients who underwent delayed orchiectomy after adequate chemotherapy for
      metastatic testicular cancer 7 had no evidence of disease at the time of
      orchiectomy but 3 had residual cancer in the testis removed. The testis may be a
      privileged sanctuary for malignancy even during treatment with appropriate
      chemotherapy. Therefore, the primary tumor should be removed in patients
      presenting initially with metastatic disease, even if the metastases clear with
      treatment.

PMID- 6834538
TI  - Radical prostatectomy incontinence and the AS791 artificial urinary sphincter.
AB  - The AS791 prosthetic sphincter was implanted in 66 patients with urinary
      incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Of these patients 49 (74 per cent) were
      continent 3 months to 4 1/2 years after implantation. Excluding the 22 patients
      who had had previous pelvic radiation therapy 41 (93 per cent) were continent.
      Mechanical problems have been few, establishing the reliability of this unique
      sphincter mechanism.

PMID- 6834537
TI  - Intraoperative observations during vasovasostomy in 334 patients.
AB  - This initial report from the Vasovasostomy Study Group concerns intraoperative
      data obtained during vasovasostomy from 639 vasa in 334 patients. These data are
      related to the obstructive interval (time from vasectomy to vasovasostomy) and to
      the presence or absence of histologically proved sperm granuloma at the old
      transected testicular end of the vas (vasectomy site). Rates of sperm absence
      from vas fluid at the testicular end increased with longer obstructive intervals
      and with absence of a sperm granuloma. If sperm were present in fluid at the
      testicular end of the vas, the quality was poorer when the obstructive interval
      lengthened and when sperm granuloma was absent. Vas luminal diameters at the
      testicular end were smaller when a sperm granuloma was present. These
      observations support the theory that a sperm granuloma at the vasectomy site may
      have a beneficial, pressure-releasing effect that could be favorable
      prognostically for fertility after vasovasostomy.

PMID- 6834539
TI  - Lack of effect of salt intake on urinary uric acid excretion.
AB  - Although it has been established that acute expansion of the extracellular fluid
      volume results in enhanced uric acid clearance, the effect of chronic volume
      expansion by a high salt diet on urinary uric acid excretion has not been
      examined. Eleven normal subjects were placed on a constant diet containing 10
      mEq. sodium per day for 10 days, followed by 240 mEq. sodium daily for another 10
      days. Measurements were performed on the final 3 days of each phase. Urinary
      sodium increased from 9 plus or minus 3 standard error to 221 plus or minus 9
      mEq. per day (p less than 0.001), and uric acid clearance increased from 5.9 plus
      or minus 0.4 to 7.1 plus or minus 0.6 ml. per minute (p less than 0.01). However,
      serum uric acid decreased from 6.4 plus or minus 0.4 to 5.5 plus or minus 0.3
      mg./dl. (p less than 0.001). Total urinary excretion of uric acid did not change
      (533 plus or minus 24 to 535 plus or minus 26 mg. per day). A high salt diet does
      not result in sustained hyperuricosuria, although it may predispose to kidney
      stone formation in other ways.

PMID- 6834540
TI  - Filling of the obturator nodes in pedal lymphangiography: fact or fiction.
AB  - The value of pedal lymphangiography as a staging procedure for carcinoma of the
      prostate and the bladder continues to be debated because of the fact that the
      obturator lymph nodes apparently are not visualized during this diagnostic
      technique. This study involves 25 patients who have undergone pedal
      lymphangiography followed by fine needle aspiration. Pelvic lymph node dissection
      was performed and pelvic x-rays were taken once the external iliac nodes had been
      excised, leaving the obturator nodes behind. The next step was the removal of the
      remaining nodes in the obturator fossa, after which another x-ray was obtained.
      With this technique we could prove whether these obturator lymph nodes opacified
      on routine pelvic x-ray. In a review of the radiography consistent filling of the
      obturator nodal chain was noted in all of the cases, as well as the consistent
      prediction of the location of these lymph nodes before fine needle aspiration.

PMID- 6834541
TI  - Clinical experience with upper tract urodynamics.
AB  - Of 25 upper tract urodynamic studies performed in 22 patients 9 positive results
      were obtained. The diagnosis of intrinsic ureterovesical junction obstruction was
      suspected in 11 children but only confirmed in 2. However, in 6 other children
      changes in bladder volume markedly affected upper tract function. While diuretic
      renography may confirm obstruction in many doubtful cases, when function is poor
      and the system is dilated massively a urodynamic study often will be the only
      definitive diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 6834542
TI  - The diagnostic approach to ectopic ureterocele and the renal duplication complex.
AB  - The child with ectopic ureterocele frequently presents a diagnostic challenge.
      The use of standard excretory urography combined with newer modalities, such as
      ultrasonography and radionuclide renal scanning, provides an orderly diagnostic
      approach to ectopic ureterocele. This integrated approach should ensure the
      highest yield in a diagnostic sense and aid in assessing upper tract function,
      thus, helping with the selection of the proper surgical management.

PMID- 6834543
TI  - The use of lower ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy to treat vesicoureteral reflux
      or obstruction in children with duplex ureters.
AB  - During the last 4 years lower ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy was performed to
      treat vesicoureteral reflux and/or obstruction in 11 children with 13 completely
      duplicated systems. There was reflux only to the lower segment in 11 systems,
      obstruction only to the upper segment in 1 and reflux with obstruction in 1
      system. The procedure is technically easier than ureteroneocystotomy, avoids
      cystotomy and permits a brief postoperative hospitalization. The postoperative
      excretory urogram demonstrated improved or stable hydronephrosis in all patients.
      Vesicoureteral reflux persisted in 1 system associated with a golf hole orifice.
      Caution should be exercised when children with reflux in duplex systems
      associated with a golf hole ureteral orifice are treated.

PMID- 6834544
TI  - A retrospective analysis of the use of ureteral stents in children undergoing
      ureteroneocystotomy.
AB  - Ureteral reimplantation is used widely for the correction of ureterovesical
      reflux. To determine the effect of ureteral stents we reviewed the charts of 63
      children undergoing ureteral reimplantation for reflux. Of this group 31 patients
      had the ureterovesical anastomosis stented while 32 did not. Morbidity and
      operative failure were comparable in both groups. Our results do not support the
      use of ureteral stents in patients undergoing ureteroneocystotomy for primary
      ureterovesical reflux.

PMID- 6834545
TI  - Use of the AS792 artificial sphincter following urinary undiversion.
AB  - Reconstruction of the urinary tract after diversion has been successful in
      patients with normal innervation of the lower tracts. However, the possibility of
      urinary incontinence after such major surgical procedures has dissuaded many
      surgeons from attempting urinary undiversion in patients in whom the continence
      status cannot be determined accurately before the operation or who were known to
      be incontinent before the original diversion. For this reason, the presence of
      neuropathic bladder dysfunction has been considered a relative contraindication
      to urinary undiversion unless it can be established preoperatively that the
      patient will obtain urinary continence. Eight patients are reported who had
      successful outcome with the use of the AS792 artificial urinary sphincter to
      control incontinence after urinary undiversion. Because of this successful
      experience it is now believed that patients with neuropathic bladder dysfunction
      or anatomically abnormal lower tracts are no longer precluded from urinary
      undiversion. A variety of methods has been used to reconstruct the urinary tract,
      including total reconstruction of the bladder and urethra with the sigmoid colon
      in 1 case. In the latter case the artificial sphincter was placed around the
      bowel segment to provide continence. The use of the artificial sphincter around a
      bowel segment offers many possibilities for reconstructive procedures involving
      bowel in the future.

PMID- 6834546
TI  - Bladder augmentation in the pediatric neuropathic bladder.
AB  - Augmentation enterocystoplasty was used as an aid to reconstruction of the
      urinary tract and undiversion in 14 children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
      The long-term results have been excellent in children in whom an effective
      program of clean intermittent catheterization has been possible. The elements and
      the importance of the preoperative evaluation are discussed.

PMID- 6834547
TI  - Megalourethra and hypospadias.
AB  - We compared clinically 11 patients with megalourethra and hypospadias as well as
      2 additional patients previously reported on in the literature to patients with
      either hypospadias or megalourethra alone. The milder presentation of patients
      with megalourethra and hypospadias, and the ease of satisfactory repair indicate
      that they represent a less severe variant of classic megalourethra.

PMID- 6834548
TI  - The management of testicular torsion in the acute pediatric scrotum.
AB  - From July 1976 through June 1981, 51 children with acute scrotal pain and
      swelling underwent surgical exploration. Testicular torsion (27 cases) and
      torsion of an appendage (18 cases) were the most common diagnoses. In the group
      with testicular torsion 5 testes were considered unsalvageable and these were
      removed. The remaining 22 testes, including those of questionable viability, were
      left in place. The early salvage rate of 81 per cent decreased to 50 per cent due
      to testicular atrophy found in the late followup period. The attempt to salvage
      all testes except those with obvious necrosis resulted in minimal morbidity. This
      approach is discussed in view of recent reports of long-term damage to the
      contralateral testis when an ischemic testis is not removed initially.

PMID- 6834549
TI  - The surgical correction of incomplete scrotal transposition associated with
      hypospadias.

PMID- 6834550
TI  - Simultaneous idiopathic adrenal hemorrhage and renal vein thrombosis in the
      newborn.
AB  - We report the simultaneous occurrence of renal venous thrombosis and idiopathic
      adrenal hemorrhage in 2 newborns. Definitive diagnosis can be determined with
      various laboratory and radiographic diagnostic studies, particularly radioisotope
      renal scanning and ultrasonography. Familiarity with the appropriate studies for
      evaluation of the newborn with an abdominal mass may avoid unnecessary surgical
      exploration.

PMID- 6834551
TI  - Transurethral ureteroscopy and nephroscopy in men and women using standard adult
      endoscopic equipment.

PMID- 6834552
TI  - Late stricture of intestinal ureter.
AB  - Late stricture is a well known complication of ileal loops. We herein report on
      late stricture in 5 patients in whom bowel was used as a substitute ureter in
      closed, nondiverted urinary tracts. This late complication mandates the need to
      provide continuing followup indefinitely in patients in whom bowel segments are
      incorporated in the urinary tracts.

PMID- 6834553
TI  - Yolk sac tumor of the bladder.
AB  - A 1-year-old white boy presented with hematuria and was found to have a large
      polypoid bladder mass. Light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical
      diagnosis was a yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor. This is the first case of a
      primary yolk sac tumor of the bladder to be described in the English literature.

PMID- 6834554
TI  - Oliguria and renal failure following decompression of the bladder in children
      with posterior urethral valves.
AB  - Children with posterior urethral valves and significant changes in the upper
      urinary tracts generally respond to initial fulguration of the valves and
      decompression of the bladder. Infrequently, a higher grade of obstruction of the
      ureters will develop after initial treatment. We report on 2 such children with
      this particular clinical course and discuss the management. The response of our
      patients indicates that acute obstruction at the ureterovesical junction is, in
      some cases, temporary and may not require longer term supravesical diversion
      procedures for proper management.

PMID- 6834555
TI  - Rhinosporidiosis of male terminal urethra.

PMID- 6834556
TI  - Penile reconstruction with gracilis pedicle grafts.
AB  - Penile loss results from various external and self-inflicted catastrophic events.
      Many types of reconstructive efforts have been used successfully. Recently,
      bilateral pedicle grafts of the gracilis muscle have been successful and have
      provided serviceable results in our hands. Technique, complications and
      indications are discussed and illustrative cases are reported.

PMID- 6834557
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the penis: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - We report a case of fibrosarcoma of the penis and review the literature. We
      believe that amputation is the most effective therapy and the role of
      lymphadenectomy is equivocal. All cases should be reported to better define the
      roles of various oncologic modalities of therapy.

PMID- 6834558
TI  - Hemospermia owing to utricular cyst: embryological summary and surgical review.
AB  - We report the first case of hemospermia owing to a utricular cyst. The
      embryologic distinction between utricular cysts, which are of endodermal origin,
      and mullerian duct cysts, which are of mesodermal origin, is described. The
      surgical management of utricular and mullerian duct cysts is reviewed, stressing
      the difficulty and hazards of attempts at complete excision and the efficacy of
      less heroic surgical procedures.

PMID- 6834560
TI  - Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis: a case report.

PMID- 6834559
TI  - Hypogonadism and massive testicular infiltration due to amyloidosis.
AB  - We report a case of infertility with bilateral testicular enlargement and
      hypogonadism due to amyloidosis. Testicular biopsy revealed complete replacement
      with amyloid and subsequent investigation demonstrated primary hypogonadism with
      marked elevation of gonadotropins, azoospermia, mild renal failure and lack of
      progression of generalized amyloidosis during 2 years.

PMID- 6834561
TI  - A special trocar for retrograde catheterization of the ureter following
      antireflux plasty by the Cohen technique of transverse advancement.

PMID- 6834562
TI  - Vasculogenic impotence: role of the pelvic steal test.

PMID- 6834564
TI  - Cholesterol accumulation in heterotransplanted renal cell cancer.
AB  - To date there have been no in vivo studies of the known propensity of human renal
      cell cancer (RCC) to accumulate large amounts of cholesterol. Caki-1, a human RCC
      line, was grown in the cheek pouches of immunosuppressed golden Syrian hamsters.
      Analysis of cholesterol levels revealed 2 to 4 times as much cholesterol in the
      heterotransplants as in any of the host tissues. After intraperitoneal injection
      of tumor-bearing hamsters with 4-14C-cholesterol, the tumors accumulated less
      radioactivity than did hamster liver and no more radioactivity than did hamster
      kidney or cheek pouch. It appears that accumulation of cholesterol by human RCC
      is not dependent on extensive uptake of extracellular cholesterol. Instead, an
      intrinsic defect in the cellular regulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux
      is more likely to be responsible.

PMID- 6834565
TI  - Enhancement of natural cytotoxicity in lymphocytes from animals with carcinogen
      induced bladder cancer.
AB  - Splenic lymphocytes from Fischer rats with carcinogen (FANFT)-induced bladder
      cancer had depressed natural cytotoxicity that could be enhanced in vitro by the
      addition of mouse leukocyte interferon to the cytotoxicity assay. Such
      enhancement appeared to reflect an effect directly on lymphocytes rather than a
      cytotoxic effect on tumor target cells. The possibility that tumor cell
      prostaglandin production might partially inhibit lymphocyte cytotoxicity and its
      enhancement prompted separate attempts to enhance cytotoxicity by inhibiting
      prostaglandin production during cytotoxicity testing. However, addition of
      indomethacin to the cytotoxicity assays did not enhance cytotoxicity in
      lymphocytes from either control or tumor-bearing rats and did not add to the
      enhancement seen with interferon. Addition to the cytotoxicity assay of
      unstimulated peritoneal monocytes which themselves have been shown to produce
      prostaglandins, did not effect lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Correspondingly,
      indomethacin in parallel samples did not alter baseline levels of cytotoxicity
      seen. Further stimulation of cytotoxicity by addition of interferon to these
      samples was also not seen. Taken together, in vitro enhancement of depressed
      lymphocyte cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing animals was possible with exogenous
      leukocyte interferon, could not be accomplished by inhibition of prostaglandin
      production in this system, and did not appear to be influenced by the addition or
      deletion of monocytes during cytotoxicity testing.

PMID- 6834563
TI  - Ureteric stone extraction by a new double-balloon catheter: an experimental
      study.
AB  - An atraumatic double-ballooned catheter was designed to extract endoscopically
      ureteral calculi of relatively large size (1 to 1.5 cm.) arrested at any level of
      the ureter. This reduces the need for ureterolithotomy, eliminates the problems
      of stone basket manipulations, and reduces the need for prolonged waiting for
      spontaneous migration of stones.

PMID- 6834566
TI  - Effect of hormone treatment on prostatic acid phosphatase in a serially
      transplantable human prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-82).
AB  - The influence of endocrine manipulation on the tissue concentration of prostatic
      acid phosphatase (PAP) was studied in the hormone dependent transplantable human
      prostatic tumor line PC-82. Tumor bearing nude mice were left intact, castrated
      or treated for a 5-day period with a subcutaneous implant containing testosterone
      or estradiol. The concentration of PAP in castrated mice was not different from
      that in the controls. The DNA content of PC-82 tumor tissue obtained from 5-day
      castrated animals was significantly lower than that of tissue from intact
      animals. Therefore the concentration of PAP in tissue from castrated mice was
      significantly elevated when expressed per mg. of DNA (p less than 0.05).
      Treatment of the mice with testosterone or estradiol did not affect the PAP
      concentration in the tumor tissue. A significant correlation was observed between
      the concentration of PAP in the serum and the tumor burden of the mice. Long-term
      withdrawal of androgens resulted in a decrease of the concentration of PAP in the
      serum, as well as in a decrease of the tumor burden. The concentration of PAP in
      the tumor tissue remaining after castration of these animals was not
      significantly different from that in controls. The present data from the tumor
      line PC-82 do not support the hypothesis that the concentration of PAP in
      prostatic tumor tissue is controlled by androgens, but are in agreement with the
      concept that the level of PAP in plasma is related to the tumor mass.

PMID- 6834567
TI  - Bladder mucosal grafts: experimental use as a ureteral substitute and observation
      of certain physical properties.
AB  - Free bladder mucosal grafts were evaluated as material for ureteral substitution.
      Surgical replacement of the ureter with free bladder mucosa in dogs demonstrates
      the feasibility of this technique. Graft patency with preservation of urothelial
      lining and regeneration of smooth muscle was observed. Physical properties
      observed during the experiment indicate a good potential for long term
      preservation of the graft material.

PMID- 6834569
TI  - The effect of chronic alpha-methyldopa upon sexual function in the adult male
      rat.
AB  - Erectile impotence is a commonly reported undesired side effect in patients
      treated for hypertension with alpha-methyldopa. However, the mechanism of that
      dysfunction has not been determined. In this study we report the effect of 12
      days of daily intraperitoneal injections, 300 mg./kg., of alpha-methyldopa on
      adult male, Long-Evans rats and their age-matched saline controls. The effect of
      the drug upon copulation, penile reflexes and tissue catecholamines was measured.
      The results showed significant differences between control and experimental
      animals in all parameters studied. Tests of copulatory ability showed significant
      decreases in mounts from 5.8 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- standard error) to 3.1 +/- 1.3;
      penile intromissions from 27.0 +/- 3.8 to 4.8 +/- 1.9; and ejaculations from 2.1
      +/- 0.3 to 1.1 +/- 0.6 per 30 minute test period. Penile reflexes measured as
      erection and cup formation showed similar significant reductions. The
      norepinephrine content of the penile corpora in the controls was 0.460 +/- 0.084
      ng./mg. wet weight and 0.112 +/- 0.022 ng./mg. wet weight in the experimental
      group. There were similar significant reductions of norepinephrine content in the
      vas deferens of these animals 32.95 +/- 4.31 ng./mg. and 0.25 +/- 0.1 ng./mg. wet
      weight in the control and experimental groups respectively.

PMID- 6834568
TI  - Initiation of erection and semen release by rectal probe electrostimulation
      (RPE).
AB  - Instrumentation and methodology are described for rectal probe electrostimulation
      (RPE) in human males to elicit erection and allow semen collection. This system
      virtually eliminates shock hazard; the simultaneous monitoring of current,
      voltage and impedance ensures reliability and repeatability. It was tested with 8
      neurologically intact subjects, and 12 paraplegic patients with lesions between
      T4 and L2. Platinum electrodes delivered current (density never exceeding 0.37 mA
      per mm. at the electrode) at frequencies of 60 Hz, 20 Hz, and 0.25 Hz. Erection
      was elicited repeatably in only 1 of the intact subjects, and no seminal
      emissions or ejaculations occurred. Discomfort prevented current delivery beyond
      levels even 50 per cent of those safely acceptable. Six of 10 paraplegic patients
      (2 others had penile implants) developed erections with 20 Hz; the other 2
      frequencies were much less effective. The extent of RPE-induced penile tumescence
      varied directly with electrode surface area and applied current intensity.
      Discomfort was minimal. Retrograde seminal emission in 5 of the 12 paraplegics
      was verified by post-stimulation recovery of sperm via voiding or bladder
      irrigation via catheter. Although motility was very low, 4 of 8 recovered bladder
      urine/seminal fluid specimens indicated sperm counts and morphology consonant
      with use in artificial insemination. Thus, RPE, if combined with techniques to
      allow antegrade semen collection, may be a useful technique for spinal cord
      injured men who, as part of their sexual rehabilitation, are interested in siring
      children.

PMID- 6834570
TI  - Cellular changes in rat urinary bladder carcinomas induced by FANFT: a
      quantitative electron microscopic analysis.
AB  - Morphometric data of normal and neoplastic urinary bladder epithelia have been
      collected from the Fischer rat FANFT model. Sequential measurements of volumes,
      surface areas, and numerical densities of organelles, and where pertinent,
      cellular compartments have been made during FANFT carcinogenesis, utilizing
      standard point and intersection counting methods. The data show that neoplastic
      transformation of rat bladder epithelium, and progression of FANFT tumors are
      associated with increasing volume densities of cells, nuclei, microvilli, rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, as well as with decreasing volume
      densities of the cytoplasmic matrix, fusiform vesicles, Golgi complex, and
      lysosomes. Surface densities of the plasma membrane (microvillar), nuclei, rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, as well as mitochondrial outer and inner membranes
      progressively increase while surface densities of non-microvillar plasma
      membrane, fusiform vesicles, and Golgi complex decrease with time. Smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum reaches its maximum volume and surface densities in tumors
      present 26 weeks after the initiation of FANFT feedings (26-F tumors). This may
      reflect the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum as the site of
      detoxification of the carcinogen, noting that FANFT is metabolized by microsomal
      enzymes, and in this experiment is fed only for 26 weeks. The nuclear/cytoplasmic
      ratio is 1:4 in normal Fischer rat urothelium, 1:3 in 26-F and 43-F tumors, which
      are noninvasive, and 1:2 in 61-F, which are invasive tumors. The quantitative
      data correlate well with the changes in degree of differentiation of the tumors
      and with their biological behavior.

PMID- 6834571
TI  - The distribution of zinc in the prostate of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys
      determined by electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis.
AB  - The distribution of zinc in the prostate of the mature rhesus monkey is
      described. High levels of zinc were located in the nuclei of epithelial and basal
      cells in both lobes of the gland, while elevated concentrations of the metal were
      also found in secretory granules and along lateral cell membranes. A similar zinc
      distribution pattern was observed in the 2 lobes of the gland, but in general
      organelles in the cranial region had a higher content of the metal. In whole
      tissue, however, a 15 times greater zinc content was measured in the caudal lobe.
      This difference could be explained in terms of the high levels of the metal
      present in secretory granules and luminal secretion in the caudal lobe. A similar
      ultrastructural appearance and distribution of zinc was observed in the prostate
      of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

PMID- 6834573
TI  - Preliminary results of glycosminoglycans excretion in normal and stone forming
      subjects: relationship with uric acid excretion.
AB  - In calcium lithiasis, pathogenesis inhibitors have a significant role to play
      which permits raising of the upper metastability limit in the urine, thus
      reducing the crystallization processes. The aim of this work is to evaluate
      glycosaminoglycans excretion and concentration in a group of patients with
      idiopathic calcium lithiasis, and in a control group for detecting possible
      differences between the 2 groups. Analysis of our results shows that no
      significant differences exist between the 24-hour average excretion of
      glycosaminoglycans in normal and stone forming subjects, but there was a
      significant difference in the mean concentration values between the 2 groups,
      either as whole or when separately considered with respect to normal or increased
      uric acid excretion. Particularly interesting was the correlation study between
      glycosaminoglycans and uric acid which shows a linear relationship with a
      positive slope in all groups but in stone formers with hyperuricosuria.

PMID- 6834572
TI  - An organ culture model for the study of metanephric development.
AB  - A murine whole organ metanephric culture system was designed to study the
      developmental aspects of mammalian nephrogenesis. Metanephros and ureteric bud
      were removed from CFI albino mouse embryos at 13.5 +/- 0.4 days gestation, and
      grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium supplemented with
      20 per cent donor bovine serum at 37C in a mixed air--5 per cent CO2 environment.
      Under the experimental conditions employed, the metanephric explants showed
      organotypic tubular and glomerular epithelial development. A well-developed
      proximal tubule with microvilli, and characteristic intracellular organelles and
      intercellular junctions developed by 72 hours of culture. By 120 hours of
      culture, unique devascularized glomeruli consisting of parietal and visceral
      epithelial layers formed. The glomerular visceral epithelial cells formed foot
      processes and slit pore diaphragms, and produced islands of basement membrane. No
      endothelial or mesangial elements were present at any stage in organ culture
      development, indicating that advanced nephrogenesis can occur following initial
      epithelial-mesenchymal induction despite the absence of vascularization. The
      whole organ culture model system isolates renal structural development from the
      influences of perfusion and urine formation. The system thus affords the
      opportunity to study normal, as well as abnormal mammalian renal development
      under highly controlled experimental conditions.

PMID- 6834574
TI  - Venous thrombosis results from some phenol injections.

PMID- 6834575
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Trends: safety of hepatitis B virus vaccine.

PMID- 6834576
TI  - Antidepressant drugs as a cause of death.

PMID- 6834577
TI  - Jogging your way through CPR.

PMID- 6834578
TI  - Inversion paresthesia.

PMID- 6834579
TI  - Maternal hormone measurements.

PMID- 6834580
TI  - The grand illusion of competition in health care.

PMID- 6834581
TI  - Hand difficulties among musicians.
AB  - We describe our experience with 100 musicians in whom occupation-related
      difficulties developed. The majority, pianists, experienced hand difficulties in
      midcareer (average age, 31 years). These were described as "pain, tightening, or
      weakness" of the right hand or arm or drooping of the fourth or fifth fingers.
      These difficulties led to loss of control (34%) or diminished facility (18%),
      endurance (18%), or speed (18%) while playing trills, arpeggios, or octaves
      requiring fast, forte finger movements. Most commonly found were inflammatory
      disorders of tendon or joint (45%) or disorders of motor control (24%). Less
      likely were entrapment of peripheral nerves and noninflammatory tendon or joint
      disorders.

PMID- 6834582
TI  - Injuries among the Hopi Indians. A population-based survey.
AB  - Injuries are the leading cause of death among American Indians. An epidemiologic
      study was conducted on the Hopi reservation to assess the incidence,
      circumstances, and outcome of injuries. The incidence of hospitalized or fatal
      injuries during 1979-1980 was 12 per 1,000 persons per year, with the highest
      incidence in the age group of those older than 84 years. Overall, falls, motor
      vehicle crashes, self-inflicted injuries, and assaults were the leading causes of
      injuries. Suicides and crashes were the leading causes of death. The 15- to 29
      year age group, which constituted only a quarter of the population, accounted for
      46% of all injuries. This age group had especially high rates of self-inflicted
      injuries, crashes, and assaults. Injury problems of special importance to the
      Hopis included single-vehicle rollover crashes, falls from pickup trucks, falls
      from mesas and pueblo roofs, and suicide attempts in jails.

PMID- 6834583
TI  - The prevalence of coffee drinking among hospitalized and population-based control
      groups.
AB  - Data on coffee-drinking habits obtained from a case-control study conducted in
      Detroit were used to compare the proportions of coffee drinkers in a hospital and
      a population control series. The comparison was based on interviews with 262
      hospitalized controls and 427 population controls. The overall proportion of
      coffee drinkers in the total hospital control group was similar to that in the
      population control group. However, the proportion of moderate-to-heavy coffee
      drinkers among controls hospitalized for conditions that may have caused them to
      alter their diet (eg, gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular disease) was
      lower than that among population controls. In contrast, the proportion of
      moderate-to-heavy coffee drinkers among controls hospitalized for conditions that
      probably did not cause a change in diet (eg, fractures) was almost identical to
      that among population controls. These results suggest that, in hospital-based
      case-control studies of the effects of coffee consumption, it would be prudent to
      restrict the referent group to those patients hospitalized for conditions that
      probably did not cause a change in diet. The magnitude of bias resulting from
      failure to exclude controls hospitalized for diet-altering conditions will depend
      on two factors that may vary between studies: (1) the distribution of diet
      altering conditions among the hospital controls, and (2) the relationship of
      these diseases to coffee consumption.

PMID- 6834584
TI  - Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen measurements during treatment of
      metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 167 patients
      with metastatic breast cancer treated with fluorouracil, doxorubicin
      hydrochloride, and cyclophosphamide (FAC). In 84 patients, the pretreatment CEA
      value was abnormal. Response rates and remission duration were similar in
      patients with normal and abnormal pretreatment levels. Carcinoembryonic antigen
      concentrations decreased in 94% of patients who responded to FAC therapy. The
      duration of response was 22 months for patients in whom the CEA levels normalized
      v nine months in those in whom it decreased but never returned to normal.
      Increasing CEA levels correlated with progressive disease in 87% of patients and
      preceded clinical evidence of progression in 77%. Serial CEA measurements can
      monitor response to chemotherapy, provide useful prognostic information of
      response duration, and detect progressive disease early.

PMID- 6834586
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Imported dengue fever, United States, 1982.

PMID- 6834585
TI  - Reference groups: comparing oranges with oranges and apples with apples.

PMID- 6834587
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Phototoxic reaction among dock workers--Tennessee.

PMID- 6834588
TI  - Reporting suspected child abuse.

PMID- 6834589
TI  - Ginseng and vaginal bleeding.

PMID- 6834591
TI  - Liver disease and aspergillosis.

PMID- 6834590
TI  - Polio vaccination during pregnancy.

PMID- 6834593
TI  - Treatment experience with pregnant problem drinkers.
AB  - Therapy for heavy drinking was integrated with routine prenatal care at Boston
      City Hospital's women's clinic. Of 49 pregnant problem drinkers who participated
      in at least three counseling sessions, 33 (67%) reduced alcohol consumption
      before the third trimester. Therapeutic success was achieved with some of the
      heaviest drinkers. The desire to have a healthy baby was a powerful motivating
      force. Supportive counseling focused on reduction of alcohol consumption and
      potential benefits to the fetus. Guilt-provoking criticism was avoided. Referrals
      were made when women did not respond within two weeks. Planning of treatment
      strategies was facilitated by classification into social, symptom, and alcohol
      dependence phases. Primary providers who are knowledgeable, interested, and
      accepting can successfully treat pregnant patients at risk from alcohol.
      Examinations of two cohorts of newborns have previously demonstrated benefits to
      offspring when heavy drinking ceased before the third trimester.

PMID- 6834592
TI  - Possible association of Guillain-Barre syndrome with thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 6834594
TI  - Health care technology and the inevitability of resource allocation and rationing
      decisions. Part I.
AB  - Increasingly, it is recognized that resources available to meet health care needs
      are limited. Recently, this has been evidenced by reductions in federally funded
      health care programs and the leveling off of research funds made available to the
      National Institutes of Health. The problem of severely constrained resources is
      likely to become more acute, given new medical technology and the high cost of
      medical care. It is now apparent that both resource allocation and resource
      rationing decisions will become inevitable, since not all persons with
      catastrophic or complicated medical conditions will be able to benefit from
      medical technology. While the careful assessment of health care technology can
      conceivably increase the efficiency of the health care delivery system, the
      methods by which allocation and rationing decisions are made must be improved. In
      doing so, it will ultimately be essential for this society to come to grips with
      life and death issues in a manner to which it is not accustomed.

PMID- 6834595
TI  - The living will. Help or hindrance?
AB  - The living will is a statement that directs physicians to act in certain ways
      during a patient's terminal phase of illness. The physician is instructed not to
      take measures that would prolong the life of the patient. The living will is
      designed to promote patient autonomy while removing onerous decision making from
      physicians and the patients' families. Experience with the living will indicates
      that it can either help or hinder clinical decision making. When appropriately
      implemented, the living will can perform its intended functions. When vague in
      terminology or applied to patients with uncertain prognoses, the living will can
      promote medical staff confusion. Adequate communication between patient and
      physician can improve the utility of the living will. Other considerations
      affecting the applications of the living will are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6834596
TI  - Still's disease in a 70-year-old woman.

PMID- 6834597
TI  - Adult Still's disease complicated by cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 6834598
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B.

PMID- 6834599
TI  - The Health Policy Agenda for the American people.

PMID- 6834600
TI  - Prolonging what? Ethical issues in terminal care.

PMID- 6834601
TI  - A 23-year-old woman with a pelvic mass studied by ultrasound and computed
      tomography.

PMID- 6834602
TI  - Medical decision making: analyzing options in the face of uncertainty.

PMID- 6834604
TI  - The ACS and MDM: a clinical application.

PMID- 6834603
TI  - A (nearly) compleat compendium of concepts.

PMID- 6834605
TI  - Radiologists revise mammography guidelines.

PMID- 6834607
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human rabies--Michigan.

PMID- 6834606
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Screening for diabetic eye disease--Mississippi.

PMID- 6834609
TI  - Evaluation of infertility.

PMID- 6834608
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human arboviral encephalitis.

PMID- 6834610
TI  - Lead poisoning from a curtain weight.

PMID- 6834611
TI  - Field block anesthesia for lumbar puncture.

PMID- 6834612
TI  - Helping patients to handle their medicines.

PMID- 6834614
TI  - Mortality rates in farmers and nonfarmers.

PMID- 6834613
TI  - Antacid variability.

PMID- 6834615
TI  - Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with Vinca-loaded platelets.
AB  - We worked with a new strategy for the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      (AIHA) of the warm antibody type. Platelets were loaded with Vinca alkaloids and
      reacted with antiplatelet antibodies to facilitate their phagocytosis by
      macrophages, resulting in a measure of selective delivery of the drugs to the
      cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, which destroy RBCs in AIHA. Four
      patients were studied. Three with AIHA refractory to splenectomy and the use of
      moderate doses of glucocorticoids achieved hematologic and clinical remissions.
      Administration of steroids was either discontinued or reduced to minimal doses
      after treatment. Remissions lasted three years in two patients and one year in
      the other. Responses were characterized by prompt prolongation of RBC survival,
      correction of anemia, and gradual decrease in cell-bound antibody. In one
      nonsplenectomized patient, the disorder did not respond. Platelet-Vinca alkaloid
      complex is useful in the treatment of AIHA refractory to splenectomy and use of
      steroids.

PMID- 6834616
TI  - Vaginal atrophy in the postmenopausal woman. The importance of sexual activity
      and hormones.
AB  - The effect of sexual activity on vaginal atrophy was investigated in a group of
      52 postmenopausal women (mean age, 57 years). Subjects were divided into two
      groups: sexually active (intercourse frequency, three or more times monthly) and
      sexually inactive (intercourse frequency, less than ten times yearly). Two
      gynecologists examined all subjects and completed an index of vaginal atrophy
      that assessed six genital dimensions. Blood samples were also analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay for levels of circulating estrone, estradiol, androstenedione,
      testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone (LH). As
      predicted, less vaginal atrophy was apparent in the sexually active women as
      opposed to the sexually inactive women. Further, women with less vaginal atrophy
      had significantly higher mean levels of androgens (androstenedione and
      testosterone) and gonadotropins (particularly LH). We discuss herein the
      implications of this study, particularly the importance of androgens in reducing
      atrophy and maintaining sexual interest.

PMID- 6834617
TI  - Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and
      long-term mortality. The Framingham Heart Study.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is a potential confounder of the relationship between obesity
      and mortality, and statistical control for this factor requires careful
      consideration. Framingham Heart Study subjects were weighed, their stature
      measured, and cigarette smoking histories obtained at the first biennial
      examination starting in 1949. Of men under desirable weight (Metropolitan
      relative weight [MRW], less than 100%), more than 80% were smokers, while only
      about 55% of the extremely overweight men were cigarette smokers. When age-,
      smoking-, and MRW-specific mortalities for 26 years of follow-up were calculated
      in these men, it was found that smokers had higher mortality than nonsmokers but
      that in the smokers and nonsmokers, minimum mortalities occurred for subjects who
      were initially in the "desirable weight" group (MRW, 100% to 109%). Among
      cigarette smokers, lean men (MRW, less than 100%) experienced considerably
      elevated mortality, often higher than that in all but the most overweight
      cigarette smokers. These findings suggest that elevated mortality in low-weight
      American men results from the mortality risks associated with cigarette smoking
      and demonstrates the need for controlling for cigarette smoking when considering
      the relationship between relative weight and mortality. Furthermore, the concept
      of "desirable weight" developed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co in 1959 and
      subsequently distributed in tabular form is validated by this long-term study.
      Thus, even those men who were near the average weight (about 20% above "desirable
      weight") showed appreciably elevated mortality. This finding is contrary to the
      widely held view that moderate overweight carries no increased risk.

PMID- 6834618
TI  - Oral contraceptive use and the occurrence of pituitary prolactinoma.
AB  - To determine whether prior oral contraceptive (OC) use is a risk factor for
      pituitary prolactinoma, we attempted to identify all women (n = 72) with a
      prolactinoma diagnosed between 1976 and 1980 in three counties in western
      Washington. A control group of 303 women was selected by dialing random telephone
      numbers from the same counties. Prior OC use, according to OC indication, was
      ascertained during a standardized telephone interview. Relative to the risk for
      women who had never used an OC, the risk of prolactinoma for women who had used
      OCs for birth control was 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.6). This risk
      was 7.7 for women who used OCs for menstrual regulation (95% confidence interval,
      3.7 to 17.0). Previous findings of an association between OC use and prolactinoma
      may have resulted from OC treatment of menstrual irregularity in women with an
      undiagnosed prolactinoma.

PMID- 6834619
TI  - Health care technology and the inevitability of resource allocation and rationing
      decisions. Part II.

PMID- 6834620
TI  - How cost sharing reduced medical spending of participants in the health insurance
      experiment.

PMID- 6834621
TI  - Rationing human life.

PMID- 6834622
TI  - Discovery of adverse drug reactions. A comparison of selected phase IV studies
      with spontaneous reporting methods.

PMID- 6834623
TI  - Perforation of the superior vena cava. A complication of subclavian dialysis.

PMID- 6834626
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Floods and immunization, United States--1983.

PMID- 6834624
TI  - Parenthood by proxy.

PMID- 6834625
TI  - Ambulatory dialysis: special boon for children.

PMID- 6834627
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Work-related disorders.

PMID- 6834628
TI  - American Medical Association Patient Medication Instruction (PMI) Program.

PMID- 6834629
TI  - Pernicious anemia, 18q deletion syndrome, and IgA deficiency.

PMID- 6834630
TI  - Joggers, runners, and racers.

PMID- 6834632
TI  - Stress tests.

PMID- 6834631
TI  - Treatment of depression in the elderly.

PMID- 6834633
TI  - Immune deficiency syndrome in children.
AB  - The present epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was originally
      described in homosexual men and subsequently in intravenous drug abusers,
      Haitians, and hemophiliacs. Profound defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) are
      associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and a variety of serious opportunistic
      infections. Recently, we and others have encountered a group of children with an
      otherwise unexplained immune deficiency syndrome and infections of the type found
      in adults with AIDS. In this report, we describe eight children from the Newark,
      NJ, metropolitan area born into families with recognized risks for AIDS. These
      patients have had recurrent febrile illnesses, failure to thrive,
      hypergammaglobulinemia, and depressed CMI. Four of these children have died. Our
      experience suggests that children living in high-risk households are susceptible
      to AIDS and that sexual contact, drug abuse, or exposure to blood products is not
      necessary for disease transmission.

PMID- 6834634
TI  - Role of partial nephrectomy in solitary or bilateral renal tumors.
AB  - Partial nephrectomy was carried out successfully in seven of eight cases of
      solitary or bilateral renal carcinoma. Although three patients with bilateral
      sequential lesions died of subsequent metastatic disease, their deaths occurred
      after 33 to 52 months of productive life without the need for end-stage treatment
      of renal disease. One patient died free of disease of myocardial infarction at 45
      months, and the remaining three were alive without evidence of tumor 62, 76, and
      85 months after the procedure. No patient suffered local recurrence of tumor, and
      the need for dialysis in three patients was only temporary. Partial nephrectomy
      is a viable option in the management of solitary or bilateral renal carcinoma.

PMID- 6834635
TI  - The BCG controversy. A methodological and statistical reappraisal.
AB  - Because of the conflicting results of eight major controlled trials, BCG
      vaccination against tuberculosis remains controversial despite more than 50 years
      of use. Suspecting a methodological source for the controversy, we reviewed the
      scientific and statistical quality of each trial. The analysis showed that (1)
      although biased allocation of the vaccine appeared an unlikely explanation for
      the disparate results, adequate demonstration of unbiased detection of
      tuberculosis was available only for the three trials reporting 75% or greater
      protective efficacy; and (2) in most trials reporting low efficacy, the results
      had wide confidence intervals that could not exclude high efficacy, but the
      trials reporting high efficacy all had narrow confidence intervals that excluded
      low efficacy. Because the trials with the best methodological quality and
      greatest statistical precision reported high efficacy, the evidence suggests that
      BCG can confer a high degree of protection against tuberculosis and that bias or
      inadequate statistical power may have contributed to the conflicting data.

PMID- 6834636
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The ever-broadening clinical spectrum.

PMID- 6834637
TI  - Gastrointestinal contrast agents. Indications, uses, and risks.

PMID- 6834638
TI  - Radiocardiographic assessment of dobutamine and isosorbide dinitrate therapy in
      patients with mitral stenosis and pulmonary congestion.
AB  - Simultaneous hemodynamic and radiocardiographic measurements were performed on 10
      patients with mitral stenosis and pulmonary congestion for evaluating the acute
      effects of dobutamine (DB, 5 micrograms/kg/min), isosorbide dinitrate (ISD, 10 mg
      sublingually) or a combination of the two. DB alone produced a significant
      increase of the cardiac index (CI) from 2.9 +/- 0.1 to 3.7 +/- 0.2 L/in/m2 (p
      less than 0.01), but a modest increase in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure
      (PADP) and in pulmonary blood volume by approximately 15%, respectively. ISD
      alone caused a decline in PADP from 26 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 1 mmHg (p less than
      0.001), in right heart volume from 300 +/- 36 to 215 +/- 18 ml/m2 (p less than
      0.05) and in left heart volume from 321 +/- 28 to 248 +/- 20 ml/m2 (p less than
      0.05), but no change in the CI. Combined administration of the two agents
      resulted in favorable alterations in both hemodynamic variables: PADP decreased
      from 26 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 1 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and the CI increased from 2.9
      +/- 0.1 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.05). Thus, DB alone had a tendency
      to aggravate pulmonary venous congestion in our patients, while ISD is effective
      in reducing the congestive manifestations of heart failure due to its
      venodilating effects but less beneficial in increasing the CI. The combined
      therapy of DB and ISD appears to be extremely effective in restoring an adequate
      cardiac output and in relieving the symptoms of pulmonary vascular congestion in
      the presence of mitral stenosis.

PMID- 6834640
TI  - A study of long-term observations in borderline hypertension.
AB  - To identify the risk factors of borderline hypertension in the development of
      established hypertension, the relationship between the changes in blood pressure
      over 10 years and the clinical features in the initial year was investigated in a
      Japanese urban population. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications in
      cases with borderline hypertension were also studied. The prevalence of
      borderline hypertension in the initial year was 18.2%. On the basis of the blood
      pressure changes over 10 years, these subjects could be classified into the
      following 5 groups: (I) those with developing established hypertension, 19.0%;
      (II) those with fluctuating between hypertension and borderline hypertension,
      27.4%; (III) those with remaining with borderline hypertension, 19.6%; (IV) those
      with fluctuating between borderline hypertension and normotension, 22.9%; (V)
      those with improving to normotension, 11.2%. The later development of established
      hypertension was found in only 2.4% of normotensives in the initial year. Obesity
      and glucose intolerance were more frequently observed in group I (38.2% and
      29.4%, respectively) than in the other groups. Diastolic blood pressures in the
      initial year were significantly higher in groups I and II than in III, IV and V.
      As for the occurrence of cardiovascular complications during the observation
      period, electrocardiographic abnormalities and hypertensive and/or
      arteriosclerotic retinopathy were not infrequently observed even in borderline
      hypertensives. Therefore, in subjects with borderline hypertension, continuous
      medical management, including correction of obesity as well as glucose
      intolerance, is necessary to prevent the development of established hypertension
      and subsequent cardiovascular complications.

PMID- 6834639
TI  - Serial changes of complement titers in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Although some studies suggest the involvement of a complement activation in the
      development of acute myocardial infarction, there has been little convincing
      evidence of the change of the complement in patients suffering from myocardial
      infarction. In 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction the serial changes of
      the total hemolytic complement titer (CH50), C3, C4, total serum protein and C3
      conversion were investigated up to 120 hours after its attack. The level of CH50
      and C4 increased consistently in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, but C3
      did not show any change and total serum protein declined after 96 hours. Beta 1 A
      globulin, the split product of C3, could not be detected in the blood stream.
      These results suggest that the infarcted or ischemic myocardium would activate
      complements, and C3 might be consumed continuously by the infarcted or ischemic
      myocardium. Such consumption of complements should stimulate the production of
      complement and would give rise of an increase in C4 and CH50. It is suggested
      that activated complement might play a significant role in the development of
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6834641
TI  - The effect of pacing site on the echo zone in patients with concealed Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - In 14 patients with the left-sided concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the
      effects of changing atrial pacing site on the echo zone were evaluated. In 12
      patients, re-entrant tachycardia was induced by premature stimuli both in the
      coronary sinus (CS) and the high right atrium (HRA). In the remaining 2 patients,
      the tachycardia was induced by premature stimuli only in the CS. The lower limit
      of the echo zone was shifted to a longer coupling interval during CS pacing in 12
      patients. The longer effective refractory period (ERP) of the CS was responsible
      for the shifting of the lower limit of the echo zone to a longer coupling
      interval. The upper limit of the echo zone was shifted to a longer coupling
      interval during CS pacing in 10 patients. The difference of atrial conduction
      times from the site of stimulation to the 2 conduction pathways (the normal
      conduction pathway and the accessory pathway) is thought to be responsible for
      the shifting of the upper limit of the echo zone.

PMID- 6834642
TI  - Conduction disturbances and operative results after closure of ventricular septal
      defects by three different surgical approaches.
AB  - A total of 135 patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) under 15 years of
      age, without associated cardiac lesions, underwent surgical repair by 3 different
      approaches of trans-pulmonary arteriotomy (PA), right atriotomy (RA) and right
      ventriculotomy (RA) between 1977 and 1981. Six hospital deaths (4.4%) occurred
      among the 135 patients. Of 41 children with PA, 53 with RA and 41 with RV, one
      child (2.4%), one child (1.9%) and 4 children (9.9%) died, respectively. In the
      trans-PA approach, 8 of 40 children (20.0%) developed complete right bundle
      branch block (CRBBB), but there was no occurrence of left axis deviation (LAD),
      transient complete heart block (CHB) and arrhythmias postoperatively. In the RA
      approach, 11 of 52 children (21.2%) developed CRBBB and 2 (3.8%) had a
      combination of LAD and CRBBB. Four of 52 children (7.7%) had a combination of
      LAD, CRBBB and CHB, but CHB has been treated successfully with medication. Three
      patients (5.8%) developed arrhythmias, such as junctional rhythm. In the trans-RV
      approach, 11 of 37 children (29.7%) developed CRBBB and 4 of the 37 (10.8%) had
      the combination of LAD and CRBBB. Two patients (5.4%) had arrhythmias which
      disappeared one month after surgery. All incidences of conduction disturbances
      and arrhythmias after closure of VSD were significantly less in the trans-PA than
      in the trans-RA or in the trans-RV (p less than 0.01). However, in the present
      study, the development of conduction disturbances and postoperative arrhythmias
      after closure of VSD was not significantly different between the trans-RA and the
      trans-RV approach.

PMID- 6834643
TI  - Epicardial activation patterns and dispersion of refractoriness initiating
      ventricular tachycardia in the canine left ventricle during acute ischemia.
AB  - We examined the activation patterns in the left ventricular epicardial surface of
      dog hearts using multielectrode grid during the beats initiating ventricular
      tachycardia 5 to 120 min after coronary artery occlusion. The grid was placed on
      the ischemic border zone (the area was confirmed by ST-isopotential mapping) to
      record simultaneously 36 unipolar epicardial potentials. Under the control
      conditions almost radial spread of activation from the central stimulating
      electrode of the grid was observed. Activation during acute ischemia showed
      crowded isochrone lines in the ischemic area, especially during the premature
      beats with shorter coupling intervals. In 8 out of 15 episodes, where ventricular
      tachycardia was induced by a single premature stimulus, the conduction delay
      during premature beats culminated in the local conduction block accompanied by
      circus movement of activation. Subsequent initial beats of ventricular
      tachycardia also showed similar activation patterns indicating reentry of
      excitation. In the remaining 7 episodes, however, we could not obtain such circus
      movement of activation under the grid. We also measured the effective refractory
      period at 5 sites under the grid. The results showed greater dispersion of the
      effective refractory period in the ischemic border zone throughout 5 to 120 min
      after coronary occlusion in the cases where ventricular tachycardia developed.
      These findings suggest that reentry of excitation, which is most probably caused
      by inhomogeneity of refractoriness in the ischemic border zone, may play an
      important role in the genesis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during acute
      ischemia.

PMID- 6834644
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular dysfunction by thallium-201 lung uptake during
      exercise in coronary artery disease.
AB  - To determine the clinical significance of an increased thallium-201 (Tl-201)
      activity in the lung and of its clearance from the lung after exercise, computer
      quantitated Tl-201 lung activity was measured and compared with hemodynamic
      parameters at rest and during exercise in 35 patients with coronary artery
      disease (CAD). All patients underwent a supine bicycle ergometer exercise test
      and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) was measured by a Swan-Ganz
      catheter. Coronary angiography was also performed. On computer-generated initial
      and 2 and a half hours delayed anterior images, regions of interest were selected
      over the myocardium (M) and lung (L), and the initial L/M ratio and the (initial
      L)/(delayed L) ratio were calculated as indices of an increased Tl-201 lung
      uptake and lung clearance, respectively. The initial L/M ratio and the (initial
      L)/(delayed L) ratio had no significant correlation with mean PAWP at rest and
      had a weak negative correlation with the resting ejection fraction (r = -0.57 and
      r = -0.58, respectively). However, both ratios showed good correlations with mean
      PAWP during peak exercise (r = 0.85 and r = 0.80, respectively), suggesting that
      they provide useful indices for assessing the severity of exercise-induced left
      ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 6834647
TI  - Unstable angina and coronary arteriographic findings with special reference to
      coronary vasospasm.
AB  - The organic stenosis of the coronary artery and vasospasm induced by ergonovine
      maleate (EM) were examined by cine angiography in 106 cases with unstable angina.
      They were divided into 5 groups: new angina at rest (27 cases), new angina of
      effort (15 cases), changing pattern from effort to rest (41 cases), crescendo
      type angina at rest (20 cases) and changing pattern from rest to effort (3
      cases). The following results were obtained: The incidence of a 75% or more
      organic stenosis was significantly lower in new angina at rest (52%) and
      crescendo-type angina at rest (55%) than in changing pattern from rest to effort
      (95%) (p less than 0.005). The incidence of a 90% or more organic stenosis was
      significantly lower in new angina of effort than in changing pattern from effort
      to rest (46% vs 88%, p less than 0.01). On the other hand, the incidence of a 50%
      or more spastic narrowing provoked by EM was 94% in new angina at rest, 90% in
      crescendo-type angina at rest, 56% in new angina of effort and 64% in changing
      pattern from effort to rest. In all 3 cases of changing pattern from rest to
      effort, total obstructions due to coronary spasm were found. However, there were
      no significant differences among these groups.

PMID- 6834646
TI  - Pathogenesis and natural course of unstable angina--a prospective and
      retrospective study.

PMID- 6834645
TI  - Acute effects of intravenous trapidil on hemodynamics, coronary circulation and
      myocardial metabolism in man.
AB  - The acute effects of intravenous trapidil on hemodynamics, coronary circulation
      and myocardial metabolism were evaluated in 19 patients (Group I: 10 patients of
      chest pain syndrome; Group II: 9 patients of coronary heart disease). The heart
      rate increased (p less than 0.05) and aortic pressure decreased (p less than
      0.01) during a 6-min study period. Pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure
      decreased slightly in both groups and cardiac output increased prominently in
      Group II. Myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly 3 and 6 min
      after trapidil injection. Coronary sinus flow increased slightly (statistically
      not significant) despite a decrease in aortic pressure, and thus, coronary
      vascular resistance decreased significantly in both groups. Coronary A-V O2
      difference decreased 3 min after trapidil injection and no significant change in
      the lactate extraction ratio was observed. The diameter of the left main coronary
      artery increased by about 6% after an administration of trapidil. These results
      suggest that trapidil has the beneficial effect of coronary vasodilation and it
      increases cardiac output, despite a decrease in the preload, without a
      significant increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. The latter may be due to
      an afterload reduction effect of this drug.

PMID- 6834649
TI  - Unstable angina pectoris--changes in the ST-T segment during daily activities
      such as bathing, eating, defecating and urinating.
AB  - The significance of positive ST-T changes during bathing, eating, defecating and
      urinating was studied in 103 patients with ischemic heart disease using Holter
      and 12-lead ECG. The incidence of positive ST-T changes was very high in patients
      with unstable angina (US) and in those with old myocardial infarction (OMI)
      associated with unstable angina. However, it was relatively low in angina-free
      OMI and extremely low in stable angina. Positive ST-T changes during defecation
      and urination were mostly (70% and 73%, respectively) seen from night to early
      morning. With regard to showering or eating, the incidence of positive ST-T
      changes was low during spraying hot water on the body without motion or remaining
      motionless after eating. It was not until light exertion was added that the
      incidence increased. However, pressure-rate product after such behavior did not
      always increase as compared with that before them. Consequently, it is suggested
      that the mechanism of anginal attack during urination may be similar to that of
      variant angina. With regard to showering or eating, it is considered that the
      spraying of hot water or food intake may bring about a change in the cardiac
      autonomic nerve tone, and that the addition of light exertion can easily induce
      myocardial ischemia which is not due to an increase in the oxygen demand of the
      myocardium.

PMID- 6834648
TI  - Coronary angiographic findings in various types of unstable angina--study on the
      pathophysiology of unstable angina.
AB  - Coronary angiographic findings were studied in 129 patients with various types of
      unstable angina in order to clarify the pathophysiology of unstable angina. The
      subjects were divided into 3 types: effort angina (E), rest angina (R), and
      effort and rest angina (E+R), and each of these 3 types was subdivided into group
      I (new onset), II (recurrent) and III (changing pattern). 1) R had less severe
      coronary lesions than E or E+R. 2) Severity and distribution of coronary
      atherosclerotic lesions in unstable angina were similar to those in stable
      angina. 3) Incidence of coronary spasm is higher in unstable R and E+R than in
      stable R and E+R, respectively. 4) Unstable R and E+R with frequent attacks were
      associated with a higher frequency of coronary spasm and severe proximal coronary
      stenosis than those without frequent attacks, respectively. 5) Among unstable E+R
      III (changing pattern), the patients who developed E+R from E showed
      significantly higher incidence of multiple vessel disease than those who
      developed E+R from R and significantly lower incidence of spontaneous spasm than
      those with E+R, who remained with the same pattern but in whom the frequency
      and/or the intensity of the attack increased, without any significant difference
      in the severity of coronary stenosis from other 2 subgroups. It is concluded that
      coronary spasm as well as severe coronary atherosclerotic lesions may be
      responsible for the unstable state of angina. Especially in R and E+R, coronary
      spasm is the most important factor responsible for the unstabilization of angina.

PMID- 6834650
TI  - Clinical significance of daily work angina and its relation to unstable angina.
AB  - The incidence of angina pectoris was studied in 247 patients having a long
      history of this disorder. Angina of effort (EA), angina at rest (RA) and daily
      work angina (DA) occurred in 91, 57 and 29% of these cases, respectively. Sixty
      three percent of the cases had histories of more than 2 types of angina, EA, RA
      and DA. DA occurred in 39, 25 and 27% of the cases with new EA, new RA and
      changing pattern of unstable angina (UA), respectively, and it occurred
      coincidentally with the period of UA. Therefore, DA was considered as a pattern
      of UA. UA could not be classified well according to the precipitating factors or
      spontaneous occurrence and its classification according to a new occurrence or
      worsening condition is clinically useful for predicting a short-term prognosis.
      Ischemic ST changes seemed to be preceded by an increase of heart rate and blood
      pressure in micturition angina, although these increases were significantly lower
      than those in exercise-induced angina. Beta-blocking agents were ineffective but
      calcium antagonists were effective for micturition angina. Voiding is not
      essential for provoking angina, since strain alone could induce angina. Common
      pathophysiological status, such as coronary arterial spasm, may underlie all
      types of DA.

PMID- 6834652
TI  - Pull-through esophagectomy without thoracotomy.
AB  - Twenty patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx, esophagus and thyroid
      underwent pull-through esophagectomy. Seventeen of them received combined
      resection of the larynx and trachea. Dissection of the lymph nodes at the upper
      mediastinum was performed in 11 patients by sternotomy. Seven patients received
      mediastinal tracheostomy after combined resection of the trachea and the larynx.
      Pull-through esophagectomy was followed by pharyngogastrostomy without
      thoracotomy via the posterior mediastinum. This technique is described in detail.
      Because there is no thoracotomy and ligation of the esophageal vessels is
      ensured, no pulmonary complications and no massive mediastinal hemorrhages
      occurred. There were no operative deaths. This operation offers excellent
      palliation and little morbidity. Moreover, the use of sternotomy and mediastinal
      tracheostomy for pull-through esophagectomy made it possible to dissect the upper
      mediastinal lymph nodes, and we could resect the affected trachea with certainty.

PMID- 6834651
TI  - Study of tumor-associated blastogenic reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      and regional lymph node lymphocytes in human malignancy.
AB  - The in vitro blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the
      regional lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from cancer patients to autochthonous tumor
      cells (TC) were investigated. A positive lymphocyte response to autochthonous TC
      was observed in 23% (6/26) for PBL and 34% (9/26) for LNL. There seemed to be an
      inverse relationship between PBL and LNL responses to autochthonous TC. There was
      no significant difference between PBL and LNL responses to autochthonous TC
      according to the primary site of the tumor. Analysis of PBL and LNL responses to
      autochthonous TC according to the extent of the disease revealed that LNL were
      definitely more reactive than PBL in patients with a primary tumor that had not
      spread to the regional lymph nodes.

PMID- 6834653
TI  - Juvenile thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the bilateral cervical lymph nodes-
      a case report.
AB  - A case of juvenile thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the bilateral cervical
      lymph nodes in a 9-year-old male is reported. The clinical picture of juvenile
      thyroid carcinoma is characterized by early metastasis to the lungs and cervical
      lymph nodes. In Europe, there have been many reports of thyroid carcinoma after
      radiation. However, our patient had received no radiation. Surgery consisted of
      subtotal thyroidectomy and right modified neck dissection. The tumor was a
      papillary adenocarcinoma and metastasis was seen in 24 out of 38 lymph nodes
      removed. The serum thyroglobulin level, determined by radioimmunoassay, was 184
      ng/ml preoperatively, but by 8 months postoperatively the level fell to 48 ng/ml.
      No signs of recurrence have been found to date (30 months after the operation).

PMID- 6834654
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder cancer: a case report.

PMID- 6834656
TI  - Application of simplified bioclean apparatuses for treatment of acute leukemia.
AB  - We used a portable horizontal laminar-air-flow clean bed and an open horizontal
      laminar-air-flow fan (clean wall unit) for treating patients with acute leukemia.
      The level of cleanliness as shown in the nonviable and viable particle counts was
      class 100 and class 1,000 at the head and foot, respectively, of the bed in the
      clean-bed rooms, while it was class 100 and class 10,000 respectively, in the
      clean-wall-unit rooms. The level of cleanliness in the open wards, on the other
      hand, was class 1,000,000. The incidence of infectious complications in the clean
      bed rooms was 3.1/100 days when the granulocyte count was 1,000/mm3 or less,
      3.9/100 days when the count was 500/mm3 or less and 6.1/100 days when it was
      100/mm3 or less. In the clean-wall-unit rooms, these values were 3.1, 3.7 and
      7.1, respectively, while in the open wards they were 4.6, 6.1 and 15.0. Thus, it
      was ascertained that, as the granulocyte count decreased, the incidence of
      infectious complications became significantly higher in the open wards than in
      the clean-bed rooms or the clean-wall-unit rooms. No complication of pneumonia
      was found in 37 patients with acute leukemia in the clean-bed rooms or in 40 in
      the clean-wall-unit rooms. Among 36 patients treated in the open wards, on the
      other hand, the complication of pneumonia was found in four. From the above
      results, it is believed that the use of clean-bed rooms or clean-wall-unit rooms
      is an extremely effective supplementary treatment method for preventing
      respiratory tract infection complications in patients with acute leukemia.

PMID- 6834655
TI  - Maintenance of germ-free environment and its clinical utility.
AB  - The level of cleanliness in the laminar airflow room of Tokai University Hospital
      was studied. Bacteriological monitoring of the protected isolation ward during
      occupancy by patients revealed that it was kept at class 100 according to NASA
      standards. The laminar airflow room was decontaminated with formaldehyde gas by
      means of a gas generator which we made. This decontamination method was shown to
      be easy and safe to handle, and stable in its effects. Up to December 1981, 54
      patients with acute leukemia were treated in the protected isolation ward. The
      incidence of infection in patients with acute leukemia was lower in the protected
      isolation ward than in the conventional ward. No respiratory infection was
      observed in the protected isolation ward. These results demonstrated
      statistically significant advantages of the use of the laminar airflow room for
      prevention of infection.

PMID- 6834657
TI  - Comparative study of protected environment for children with malignant disease.
AB  - Thirty-three children with malignancy were investigated to evaluate the effect of
      reverse isolation with or without decontamination on prevention of infection.
      They were allocated to three groups: Group A, isolation in a laminar air flow
      room plus oral nonabsorbable antibiotics and sterile food; group B, isolation in
      a vertical air flow room without decontamination; group C, isolation in a
      conventional private room. Infectious episodes were the fewest and the rate of
      response to cancer chemotherapy was the highest in group A. Pyrexial days
      (greater than 38 degrees C) and days on systemic antibiotics were significantly
      fewer in groups A and B. Episodes of infection were also significantly fewer in
      group A but not in group B, as compared with group C. The usefulness and the
      necessity of a laminar air flow room as well as a vertical air flow room for
      management of childhood cancer were demonstrated.

PMID- 6834658
TI  - Efficacy of laminar air flow room with or without clean nursing for preventing
      infection in patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - The clinical effectiveness of bioclean rooms was studied in relation to
      prevention of infection during treatment for induction of remission of acute
      leukemia. According to the steps in clean patient care, patients were divided
      into three groups, Group A consisting of 106 patients who were accommodated in
      laminar air flow (LAF) rooms under strictly clean nursing, Group B consisting of
      99 patients who were treated in disinfected rooms with LAF without any clean
      nursing techniques and Group C consisting of 188 patients who stayed in
      conventional wards. Since all patients were treated with antileukemic drugs and
      preventive administration of antimicrobial drugs under the same regimen, any
      difference between groups should be attributable to LAF or LAF and clean nursing.
      A marked and stepwise reduction in the incidence of infection between Groups A, B
      and C was observed. A statistically significant reduction in pneumonia, upper
      respiratory tract infection, periproctitis and skin abscesses was also observed
      in Groups A and B. As to the causative organisms, a relative increase in
      incidence of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and
      a decrease in those caused by Proteus and fungi were observed in Groups A and B,
      as compared with Group C. These data suggest that pneumonia etc. may be exogenous
      infections and that Proteus and fungi are exogenous organisms, while Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are endogenous bacteria. These data seem very
      helpful for setting up several steps in bioclean rooms for effective and economic
      patient care.

PMID- 6834659
TI  - Clinical use of bioclean rooms in Japan with special reference to medical
      isolators.
AB  - A survey on the clinical use of medical isolators was undertaken by sending out a
      questionnaire to the major medical and pediatric oncology services in Japan. As
      of December, 1981, laminar-air-flow rooms (LAFR) were installed in hospital rooms
      of 79 institutions. To date, 68 patients with leukemia, 12 with malignant
      lymphoma and 10 with aplastic anemia have been treated in LAFR for the purpose of
      bone marrow transplantation. So far, 501 patients with leukemia, 24 with
      malignant lymphoma and 14 with solid tumor have been treated in LAFR for the
      purpose of intensive chemotherapy. A variety of items as to the clinical use of
      medical isolators, such as type of LAFR, decontamination of isolators, protective
      clothing, food and gut sterilization and attending staff were surveyed. There
      remain many problems in the use of medical isolators, such as the high cost of
      establishing and maintaining a bioclean system, the shortage of nursing staff,
      the lack of space and accessory equipment and so on. Nevertheless, the author
      will continue to recommend isolation with a physical barrier, protective clothing
      for attending staff, pathogen-free food and oral prophylactic anti-microbial
      agents.

PMID- 6834661
TI  - [Coronary artery surgery and treadmill exercise test].

PMID- 6834660
TI  - Techniques and clinical effect of aseptic procedures on patients with acute
      leukemia in laminar airflow rooms.
AB  - The techniques of aseptic procedures in the laminar airflow room (LAF) were
      evaluated in 110 adult patients undergoing antileukemic chemotherapy for
      remission induction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the
      regimens: Group A, consisting of 20 patients who stayed in the LAF and received
      the gown technique + sterile food + prophylactic oral and topical antibiotics;
      Group B, consisting of 12 patients who stayed in the LAF and received sterile
      food + prophylactic oral antibiotics; and Group C, consisting of 78 patients in
      open wards, who received prophylactic oral antibiotics alone. Species and numbers
      of microorganisms on the skin surface were far less in the patients in Group A
      than in those in Group B. Airborne microorganisms were counted by the air
      sampling method. No microorganisms could be detected at the time of the patient's
      rest and of blood collection in either Group A or B. Electrocardiography and X
      ray examination caused an increase in the number of colonies to more than one
      colony in Group B, but Group A had a count of less than 0.5 colony. The colony
      counts became negative within 5 min after the cessation of each operation. The
      percentage of febrile days for patients with a peripheral granulocyte count of
      less than 100/microliter was 29% in Group A, 21% in Group B and 44% in Group C.
      The incidence of documented infections during the total hospital stay was 25%
      (5/20), 42% (5/12) and 86% (67/78), respectively. The aseptic procedures in Group
      B were not as strict as in Group A, but the incidence of infections in Group B
      was significantly lower than in Group C.

PMID- 6834663
TI  - [Clinical and pathological studies on the cases of intralobar pulmonary
      sequestration].

PMID- 6834662
TI  - [Transatrial approach for closure of ventricular septal defect--comparison with
      the transventricular approach with anatomic and technical consideration].

PMID- 6834664
TI  - [Case of intercostal-pulmonary artery communication through the lung].

PMID- 6834665
TI  - [Arrhythmias induced by Intermedics DVI pacemaker].

PMID- 6834666
TI  - [Chondrosarcoma of the ribs: report of two cases].

PMID- 6834667
TI  - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping and operative repair for postinfarction ventricular
      septal perforation].

PMID- 6834668
TI  - [Two cases of emergency operation for respiratory insufficiency due to tracheal
      compression by aneurysm of aortic arch. Resection of aneurysm with permanent
      bypass].

PMID- 6834669
TI  - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in serious heart failure following open
      heart surgery in an infant].

PMID- 6834671
TI  - [Atrial septal defect associated with hyperthyroidism in the aged--clinical
      conference at the First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University].

PMID- 6834670
TI  - [A case report of the successfully removed right atrial myxoma].

PMID- 6834673
TI  - [Intravital diagnosis of myocardial infarct of the right ventricle complicated by
      thromboembolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery].

PMID- 6834672
TI  - [Prognosis of complex ventricular arrhythmias at different periods in myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - The incidence and pattern of ventricular arrhythmias in acute, subacute, late
      hospital and posthospital periods of myocardial infarction were investigated,
      using Holter monitoring, in 121 patients with large-focal and transmural
      myocardial infarction. A high incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias was
      noted after the transfer from intensive care unit (38.8%). The relationship of
      complex ventricular arrhythmias to ventricular arrhythmias at previous stages was
      reviewed. Factors contributing to arrhythmias at different stages of myocardial
      infarction were analysed; the informative value of clinical signs and electric
      myocardial instability parameters was assessed. Signs having the greatest
      predictive power were identified, and risk indices for the development of
      arrhythmias during the subacute and late hospital stages of myocardial infarction
      were established using linear discriminant analysis, to enable identification of
      patients at risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 6834675
TI  - [Electroencephalogram indices and hypoxic shifts in hypertension patients with
      different hemodynamic variants].

PMID- 6834676
TI  - [Unusual course of Loffler's endocarditis].

PMID- 6834674
TI  - [Acute myocardial necrosis in a lightning injury].

PMID- 6834677
TI  - [The preinfarct state].

PMID- 6834678
TI  - [Prognosis of the course and outcome of acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The results of the prognosis of complications related to acute myocardial
      infarction (cardiac failure, cardiac rhythm and conductivity disorders, fatal
      outcome) are reported. The prognoses were made on Days 1, 2, 3-4, 5-10, 11-15, 16
      28 of the disease. Complications anticipated for the dates in question as well as
      the overall period of hospital stay were predicted on the basis of indicators
      recorded on previous dates. Average accuracy of the prognosis was 79.6% for
      cardiac failure, 78.6% for cardiac rhythm disorders, 91.7% for conductivity
      disorders, and 85.7% for the fatal outcome.

PMID- 6834679
TI  - [Selection of the information for solving medical diagnostic problems with
      "diagnostic games" (the example of predicting the time of sinus rhythm
      maintenance after eliminating atrial fibrillation)].
AB  - A new method is proposed for data selection with respect to solving medical
      diagnosis problems. It reduces the scope of information, leaving for further
      processing only the facts the physician actually needs for problem-solving. The
      protocols of "diagnostic games" reflect the physician's mental process and can be
      used in the development of a physician model.

PMID- 6834680
TI  - [Hyperdynamic syndrome in myocardial infarct].
AB  - A total of 172 patients with myocardial infarction were investigated. The
      hyperdynamic syndrome was revealed in 72 patients within the first days of the
      disease, as manifested in increased cardiac performance, while 100 patients,
      whose hemodynamics were of normodynamic type, made up the control group. The
      hyperdynamic syndrome was shown to develop in the presence of elevated blood
      catecholamine and 11-OCS content and enhanced energy metabolism, reflecting a
      more pronounced response to stress. The development of the hyperdynamic syndrome
      increases the rates of complications associated with myocardial infarction,
      prolongs the duration of the disease and builds up the risk of fatal outcome due
      to cardiorrhexis.

PMID- 6834681
TI  - [Leukocyte acid phosphatase activity in myocardial infarct].
AB  - Leucocytic acid phosphatase (AP) activity was measured cytochemically in 21
      myocardial-infarction patients aged 37 to 57. Neutrophil leucocytosis was found
      to result from an increase in the quantity of cells with high activity of the
      enzyme. Neutrophil AP activity was elevated during the first days of the
      infarction and dropped to the baseline level on day 14. Between days 7 and 14,
      the numbers of lymphocytes with cytoplasmatic AP localization were reduced,
      suggesting lysosome stabilization at this stage of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6834683
TI  - [Role of the parathyroid glands in the genesis of hypocalcemia in myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - Plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and total as well as ionized
      calcium were measured in 18 patients with myocardial infarction on days 7 and 20
      25 of the disease. An experimental study in 90 white rats was designed to
      determine bodily requirement of parathyroid hormone and specify its role in the
      genesis of hypocalcemia. On day 7 of acute myocardial infarction, the patients
      showed decreased plasma levels of total and ionized calcium, and their
      parathyroid hormone levels dropped simultaneously. The experimental study in
      parathyroidectomized rats with simulated myocardial infarction demonstrated that
      the hormone requirement grew during the acute stage of infarction. On days 20-25,
      the myocardial infarction patients showed an increase in total and ionized
      calcium, yet their parathyroid hormone levels continued to decline, a fact
      attributable to functional exhaustion of the parathyroid glands.

PMID- 6834682
TI  - [Clinical importance of determining DNA antibodies in myocardial infarct and
      stenocardia].
AB  - Blood antibodies to DNA were investigated in 65 patients with myocardial
      infarction, 54 patients with angina pectoris and 19 clinically normal subjects.
      Antibodies to formalinized DNA could be detected with similar frequencies in both
      myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, although their titres were different
      in terms of value and pattern. Antibodies to denatured and especially native DNA
      were a less common finding, mostly associated with a more aggravated course of
      the disease. No blood antibodies could be detected in fatal cases of myocardial
      infarction, and in cardiogenic shock, their titres were small. The measurement of
      antibodies to DNA can be used for clinical assessment of the disease's course and
      prognosis.

PMID- 6834685
TI  - [New data on the mechanisms of adaptation to physical load in ischemic heart
      disease and their use in rehabilitating myocardial infarct patients].
AB  - Oxygen consumption during physical exercise was examined in post-myocardial
      infarction patients and normal subjects. Similar exercise caused different oxygen
      consumption in patients of different functional categories. Once the steady state
      is reached, patients belonging to more favourable functional categories have
      increased oxygen consumption, as compared to normal subjects, which enables them
      to cope with fairly great physical stress. In patients belonging to poor
      functional categories, oxygen consumption decreases during exercise, preventing
      them from reaching greater levels of physical stress and resulting in "oxygen
      debt" which only subsides after exercise is over. Therefore, two types of
      adaptation to physical stress were identified in coronary patients, which is of
      practical relevance to programs of physical rehabilitation for myocardial
      infarction survivors.

PMID- 6834684
TI  - [Echocardiographic analysis of the regional function of the left ventricle in
      patients who have had a myocardial infarct].
AB  - A total of 54 myocardial infarction survivors and 20 normal subjects were
      examined echo- and polycardiographically. The movement of left ventricular wall
      was studied within and outside the affected area. A hypokinetic zone was
      identified in all the patients after the posterior myocardial infarction. The
      measurement of posterior wall movement amplitude before expulsion is over
      improves the chances of echocardiographic identification of the hypokinetic zone
      in patients with lower localization of myocardial infarction. Apart from reduced
      amplitude and rate of contraction, and myocardial thinning, the hypokinetic zone
      reveals paradoxical myocardial thickening during the early diastole, and shorter
      duration of affected area relaxation, while intact myocardium relaxes early. It
      is suggested that disorders relaxation in myocardial infarction survivors
      precedes contraction disorders, with hypokinetic myocardium relaxing mostly
      passively, and intact myocardium relaxation being of a more active nature and
      independent of the filling phase.

PMID- 6834686
TI  - [Outpatient rehabilitation of postinfarct heart failure].
AB  - Patients who had had myocardial infarction complicated by the initial stages of
      cardiac insufficiency were tested for capacity for work and haemodynamics while
      undergoing outpatient rehabilitation. A rehabilitation program is offered based
      on self-training under periodic control, which consists in individual walks and
      medical gymnastics. Patients undergoing rehabilitation compared to the control
      groups show statistically significant decrease of symptoms of cardiac
      insufficiency, enhanced physical capacity for work, improved haemodynamics. This
      rehabilitation program can be recommended for patients with initial stages of
      cardiac insufficiency.

PMID- 6834687
TI  - [Evaluation of patient rehabilitation effectiveness after aortic valve prosthesis
      based on spiroergometric study data].
AB  - Patients after surgery introducing aortal valve prosthesis in cases of rheumatic
      aortal defect or defect due to bacterial endocarditis were examined using spiro-
      and bicycle ergometry. Two groups of patients were compared: those subjected to
      rehabilitation procedures and a control group undergoing no rehabilitation
      program. Functional results were better in post-rehabilitation patients. By the
      end of the rehabilitation program, the examined spiroergometric parameters were
      significantly closer to those of normal subjects, as compared to the controls.
      Spiroergometric investigation in patients with newly applied aortal valve
      prostheses supplements clinical data in providing a more profound functional
      evaluation of surgical results and rehabilitation efficiency.

PMID- 6834688
TI  - [Effect of somatic factors on the mental state of patients who have had an acute
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - Patients who have survived 3 and more myocardial infarctions (MI) were found to
      exhibit psychopathologic symptoms twice as frequently as compared to patients
      with a history of 1-2 MIs. It is the duration (over 5 years) of angina pectoris
      or arterial hypertension, rather than mere presence of these diseases that
      appears to be essential for the development of anxiety and depression.
      Psychopathologic manifestations were about twice as frequent following life
      threatening complications (shock, cardiac arrest, repeat MI) during the acute
      stage of infarction, as compared to uncomplicated clinical course of the disease.
      Possible causes underlying the established relationship are analysed. The more
      advantageous approaches to the study of psychosomatic cause--effect relationships
      in coronary disease are discussed.

PMID- 6834689
TI  - [Increase in the degree of dietary hypercholesterolemia and the development of
      stable neurogenic hypertension as affected by the multiple stimulation of the
      hypothalamic emotive zones].

PMID- 6834690
TI  - [Functional changes in thrombocytes and erythrocytes in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6834691
TI  - Histological renal osteodystrophy, and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol and aluminum
      levels in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6834692
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Australia, Europe, and the United
      States: 1981.

PMID- 6834693
TI  - The influence of solution composition on protein loss during peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 6834694
TI  - Comparison of home hemodialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - We evaluated prospectively various outcome measurements of patients assigned
      initially to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and home
      hemodialysis (HHD) from February 1979 to August 1981 and the causes for failures
      of the techniques. Morbidity was assessed by time in hospital/time on dialysis.
      Fifty-six patients were trained for CAPD and 37 for HHD. Those assigned to CAPD
      experienced an increased frequency of hospitalization (7.5% CAPD, 2.8% HHD,
      respectively) primarily due to episodes of peritonitis. There was also a higher
      modality failure rate (43% vs. 16%). However, the groups were not comparable in
      all respects. For example, the CAPD population included 21 patients with major
      cardiovascular diseases versus only three in the HHD group. The demographic
      characteristics of both populations including race, sex, age, income, place of
      residence, marital status, and education were similar. At the time of this study
      there is no direct evidence showing that healthy patients otherwise able to
      perform HHD may be maintained with less morbidity for a prolonged period
      utilizing CAPD. Therefore, we suggest that HHD is the home method of choice for
      patients able to proceed with this technique. CAPD may be indicated for patients
      in whom the period of home dialysis is expected to be relatively short and who
      would be otherwise unable to carry out home dialysis, for example, patients
      awaiting transplantation and those unable to be maintained on hemodialysis
      because of impaired cardiac function. To fully evaluate CAPD as a long-term
      maintenance therapy, a prospective trial must be performed.

PMID- 6834695
TI  - High volume, low frequency continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced
      expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1) were measured in 18 stable continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients maintained on 2-liter exchanges,
      in the supine, sitting, and upright positions after infusing dialysis solutions
      in 0.5-liter increments up to 4 liters as tolerated. Thereafter, five patients
      did not increase to 3-liter volumes (RUT-0), four used 3-liter volumes
      occasionally (RUT-1), and nine chose 3-liter volumes for routine dialysis (RUT
      2). IAP was similar in all groups and dependent on the intraperitoneal volume
      (IPV). The mean IAP increased 2.0, 2.7, and 2.8 cm H2O/liter of IPV in the
      supine, upright, and sitting positions, respectively. The patients of the RUT-0
      group had dramatic deterioration (up to 42%) of FVC and FEV1 in the supine
      position with IPV above 2 liters. The patients with the greatest deterioration of
      pulmonary functions could not continue the measurements above 3 liters of IPV.
      Two of these patients were switched to 1-liter overnight exchanges. Even in
      patients who tolerated up to 4 liters, FVC and FEV1 decreased significantly in
      the supine and sitting positions, with IPV greater than 3 or 4 liters,
      respectively. In the upright position, the values did not decrease significantly
      below those with the empty abdomen up to 4.6 liters of IPV. Each liter of IPV
      increased the abdominal girth by 2.1 cm. Exchange volume and frequency should be
      individualized. In our studies, 50% of the patients could increase daily
      dialysate volume from 8 to 9 liters while decreasing daily exchanges from 4 to 3.

PMID- 6834697
TI  - Comparison of trace elements in peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and uremia.

PMID- 6834699
TI  - [Treatment of lactation mastitis].

PMID- 6834698
TI  - Abstracts: the American Society of Nephrology. Chicago, Illinois, December 12-14,
      1982.

PMID- 6834700
TI  - [Effect of purulent infection and patient age on the healing of postoperative
      wounds].

PMID- 6834696
TI  - XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion for digitoxic patients with renal failure.

PMID- 6834701
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of methods of surgical treatment of suppurative
      inflammatory diseases of the sacrococcygeal region].

PMID- 6834702
TI  - [Antibacterial properties of fibers for medical use treated with nitrofuran
      preparations].

PMID- 6834703
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of the liver after cryodestruction (experimental study)].

PMID- 6834704
TI  - [Surgical treatment of diseases of the parotid gland].

PMID- 6834705
TI  - [Simultaneous surgery in combined surgical pathology].

PMID- 6834706
TI  - [Treatment of inflammatory infiltrates of the abdominal cavity using a galvanic
      current].

PMID- 6834707
TI  - [Rhomboid plastic repair in the treatment of complicated coccygeal cysts].

PMID- 6834708
TI  - [Experience with surgical treatment of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the
      long tubular bones].

PMID- 6834710
TI  - [Experience with treatment of patients with acute suppurative surgical diseases
      complicating diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6834709
TI  - [Septic shock in the clinical picture of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in
      children].

PMID- 6834711
TI  - [Correction of the natural resistance of the patient's body with pyrogenal as a
      means of preparation for surgery].

PMID- 6834713
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of syphilis in surgical practice].

PMID- 6834714
TI  - [Chronic encapsulating fibrous peritonitis].

PMID- 6834712
TI  - [Catheterization of the subclavian vein complicated by mediastinitis and sepsis].

PMID- 6834716
TI  - [Use of laser beams to prevent and treat suppurative wounds].

PMID- 6834715
TI  - [Cases of cysts of the retroperitoneal space].

PMID- 6834717
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative wounds of surgical patients based on the spectrum of
      microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics].

PMID- 6834720
TI  - [Raynaud's syndrome in erythremia].

PMID- 6834719
TI  - [Effect of antistaphylococcal immunotherapy on the status of various indices of
      cellular immunity in patients with surgical staphylococcal infections].

PMID- 6834718
TI  - [Determination of the degree of poisoning in acute suppurative-inflammatory
      processes].

PMID- 6834721
TI  - [Embolectomy from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta in the acute period of
      myocardial infarction in a diabetic patient].

PMID- 6834722
TI  - [Isolated thrombophlebitis of the right ovarian vein].

PMID- 6834723
TI  - [Restoration of the complete cutaneous integument of the thumb by means of
      microsurgical grafting of a skin flap].

PMID- 6834725
TI  - [Relaparotomy with subtotal resection of the stomach in cancer and cervical
      tuberculous lymphadenopathy earlier simulating metastases].

PMID- 6834724
TI  - [Perforation of a duodenal ulcer into the common bile duct with hemorrhaging].

PMID- 6834727
TI  - [Relaparotomy for postoperative hemorrhages].

PMID- 6834726
TI  - [Early diagnosis of experimental injuries of the hollow abdominal viscera].

PMID- 6834729
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of phlegmon of the stomach].

PMID- 6834728
TI  - [Cases of phlegmon of the stomach].

PMID- 6834730
TI  - [Method of surgical treatment of severe visceroptosis].

PMID- 6834731
TI  - [Device for active drainage in surgery].

PMID- 6834732
TI  - [Instrument for performing drainage in a cavity].

PMID- 6834733
TI  - [Probability algorithm for detecting intra-abdominal abscesses after emergency
      surgery on abdominal organs].

PMID- 6834734
TI  - [The usefulness of the Chrispin-Norman score in the evaluation of pulmonary
      status in patients with cystic fibrosis].
AB  - Its objectivity and reproducibility having been checked by for independent
      researchers, the Chrispin-Norman score has proved to be a useful yardstick for
      evaluating pulmonary changes in cystic fibrosis. The correlation to arterial pO2
      was r = 0.68, and to the Schwachman-Kulczycki score, r = 0.75. Scores still
      consistent with a good general clinical condition were 10.5 in patients under 8
      years of age; 13.4 in patients aged between 8 and 13; and 15.5 in the 13-20 age
      group. An average increase of more than 2 points a year indicates a particularly
      high danger level.

PMID- 6834735
TI  - [Early diagnosis of central respiratory disorders in infants to avoid
      postoperative complications].
AB  - Infants with a higher incidence of frequent and prolonged apneas during sleep
      (sleep apnea syndrome) as a consequence of a delayed maturation of respiratory
      control, have an increased risk for respiratory problems after anesthesia. In 12
      babies (one to five months old) showing visible apneas with cyanosis up to 12
      hours after herniotomies, the respiratory pattern was examined by impedance
      pneumography during spontaneous sleep. The mean apnea duration (M.A. value)
      amounted to 8,6 +/- 5,96 sec/min, whereas the M.A. value of a comparable control
      group was significantly lower (2,97 +/- 2,13 sec/min) Aminophylline prophylaxis
      of risk infants diminished significantly the frequency of postoperative
      respiratory complications.

PMID- 6834736
TI  - [Inhalation bronchial provocation tests in children: comparative measurements of
      oscillation, occlusion pressure and plethysmographic resistance].
AB  - Examination of the lung function and bronchial provocation tests are useful for
      confirmation of an airway obstruction. There is a need for measurements
      independent of child cooperation. The standard method is body plethysmography.
      Forced oscillation method and interrupted occlusion method were recently
      introduced. Measurements of airway resistance by body plethysmography (Raw), by
      forced oscillation (Ros) and by interrupted occlusion method (Rvd) were compared
      during 78 inhalative bronchial provocation tests. The correlation index between
      Raw and Ros total was 0,84 and between Raw and Rvd 0,89. There is a good
      sensitivity and specifity in allergen bronchial provocation testing in all three
      methods. A bronchial sensitivity is confirmed in body plethysmography by 100%
      increase of Raw. In the interrupted method a 50% increase of Rvd in children
      smaller than 165 cm and in forced oscillation method a relative increase of 25%
      (0,15 kPa/l/s) is sufficient to assess a bronchial sensitivity to tested
      allergen.

PMID- 6834737
TI  - [Acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) in childhood].

PMID- 6834738
TI  - [The physical capacity of children and adolescents within the framework of sports
      training].

PMID- 6834739
TI  - [Myocarditis in acquired toxoplasmosis in childhood].

PMID- 6834740
TI  - [Pre- and retrorenal neuroblastoma without kidney displacement].
AB  - Pre- and retrorenal growing neuroblastomas did not produce any displacement of
      the kidney or any obstruction in the intravenous pyelogram. The diagnosis was
      done by ultrasound-scanning as well as biochemically before surgery. The reported
      cases show that sonography and determination of the catecholamine metabolites are
      essential in the diagnostic evaluation of abdominal tumors in childhood.

PMID- 6834741
TI  - [Acute peripheral circulatory disorders with gangrene in infancy].
AB  - Two cases of acute venous circulation disorders of the lower extremity are
      reported. During shock treatment including rehydration and additional application
      of heparin the circulation disorders were quickly resolved. As etiological
      factors, difficult delivery due to incomplete breech-footling presentation (case
      1) and hypersodium dehydration (case 2) are discussed. Compared with older
      children infants might have a better prognosis when acute circulation disorders
      occur.

PMID- 6834742
TI  - [Complex multicystic hamartoma of the liver in childhood--sonographic,
      roentgenologic and scintigraphic aspects].

PMID- 6834743
TI  - [Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA syndrome)--an autosomal dominant
      hereditary connective tissue disease].
AB  - Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA syndrome) is an autosomal dominant
      connective tissue disease which must be distinguished in particular from Marfans'
      syndrome and the heterogeneous arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. The principal
      symptoms are multiple congenital contractures with a quite pronounced tendency to
      regression, scoliosis, dolichostenomelia and arachnodactyly, and malformation of
      the auricles. The authors report on a young woman (the proposita) and her son,
      who are typically affected. Observation of the course in these two patients
      confirms the rule that the condition has a relatively favorable prognosis. The
      mother of the proposita suffered from dolichostenomelia and arachnodactyly, while
      congenital contractures and dysmorphous auricles were absent; this could
      represent a--still hypothetical--mild form of the syndrome. The symptomatology,
      differential diagnosis, treatment and genetics of the CCA syndrome are discussed
      in detail with reference to a further 33 cases in the literature.

PMID- 6834746
TI  - [Case of carcinoid syndrome].

PMID- 6834744
TI  - Clinical and biochemical features of patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma
      and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism.

PMID- 6834745
TI  - Superoxide dismutase in human semen.
AB  - Amounts of Copper/zinc containing superoxide dismutase have been found in human
      seminal plasma. Superoxide dismutase inhibits the lipid peroxidation in the
      xanthine oxidase system. In seminal plasma of spermatozoa with a good motility
      the superoxide dismutase activity is higher than in those with a low motility.

PMID- 6834747
TI  - [Rare case of duodenal ulcer developing against a background of achlorhydria].

PMID- 6834748
TI  - [Case of marble bones].

PMID- 6834749
TI  - [Physical culture in the USSR and clinical medicine].

PMID- 6834750
TI  - [Functional-morphologic status of the liver in cholelithiasis].

PMID- 6834751
TI  - [Free and conjugated bile acids in viral hepatitis patients].

PMID- 6834752
TI  - [Effect of hemosorption on the state of lipid metabolism in destructive acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 6834753
TI  - [Primary multiple tumors of the large and small intestine].

PMID- 6834754
TI  - [Significance of the degree of poisoning in patients with intestinal
      obstruction].

PMID- 6834755
TI  - [Enzyme-secreting function of the stomach in duodenal ulcer patients following
      vagotomy].

PMID- 6834757
TI  - [Tasks of public health and medical science in further developing oncologic
      services to the population in light of the resolutions of the 24th Party
      Congress].

PMID- 6834756
TI  - [Neuraminic acids in peptic ulcer of the duodenum].

PMID- 6834759
TI  - [Problems in predicting the outcome of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 6834758
TI  - [Circadian dynamics of the electrocardiogram in patients with ischemic heart
      disease according to the Holter method].

PMID- 6834760
TI  - [Responses of patients to implantation of an electrocardiostimulator and problems
      in rehabilitation].

PMID- 6834763
TI  - [Continuous in hospital peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 6834762
TI  - [Effect of anabolic steroids on indices of the blood coagulation system and
      fibrinolysis during protracted rheumatic fever with stage IIA circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6834761
TI  - [Changes in humoral immunity in bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 6834764
TI  - [Central hemodynamics and external respiration during hemodialysis and
      hemofiltration in acute renal failure].

PMID- 6834765
TI  - [Hypoglycemic effect of diamicron in diabetic patients].

PMID- 6834766
TI  - [Successful multiple resuscitation of an elderly patient with acute myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 6834767
TI  - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta complicating idiopathic cystic necrosis of its
      media (Erdheim's disease)].

PMID- 6834768
TI  - [Case of Hamman-Rich disease].

PMID- 6834769
TI  - [Diffuse lymphangiomyomatosis of the lungs and lymph nodes].

PMID- 6834770
TI  - A computerized system for veterinary medical records.

PMID- 6834771
TI  - Diagnostic exercise. Amyloidosis secondary to chronic infection in a canvasback
      duck.

PMID- 6834772
TI  - Localized and systemic effects of environmental ammonia in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if environmental ammonia is absorbed
      through the lungs of rats into the blood and, in turn, exerts an effect on blood
      pH, blood gases, and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity. In phase 1 of the
      study, rats with surgically implanted aortic cannulas were exposed to varying
      environmental ammonia concentrations (15 to 1157 ppm). Blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and
      blood ammonia concentrations were measured at 0, 8, 12, and 24 hours post
      exposure. In phase 2, hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (ethylmorphine-N
      demethylase and cytochrome P-450) was determined after a 3-day and 7-day exposure
      to varying environmental ammonia concentrations (4 to 714 ppm). No significant
      changes were found in blood pH, pCO2, or the histologic appearance of the lungs
      or trachea. The pO2 and liver microsomal enzymes had only minor changes. The
      blood ammonia concentration increased significantly (p less than or equal to
      0.05) in a linear fashion with increasing environmental ammonia concentrations,
      indicating pulmonary absorption of ammonia. These levels also declined over time
      at higher concentrations, suggesting that compensation was occurring. Low
      environmental ammonia concentrations (less than 100 ppm) produced extremely small
      changes in blood ammonia concentration, and they had no measurable effects on
      other parameters examined in the study. These findings suggest that environmental
      ammonia concentrations found in animal holding rooms may cause minimal adverse
      effects in healthy rats.

PMID- 6834774
TI  - Relationship of growth and serum growth hormone concentration in the prepubertal
      labrador bitch.
AB  - Body weights of purebred Labrador Retriever bitches were recorded from birth
      through 40 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected twice weekly between 6 and
      26 weeks of age. Samples were analyzed for serum growth hormone concentrations
      using a validated growth hormone radioimmunoassay. From a mean birth weight of
      0.46 kg, the animals reached their mean adult body weight (24.8 kg) by 40 weeks
      of age. Growth rate showed a sigmoid response curve with age. Growth rate was
      linear between 4 and 26 weeks having a correlation coefficient of 0.96, a slope
      of 0.98, and an intercept of -2.28. Concentrations of growth hormone during the
      same period exhibited a bimodal distribution. From 8.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml at 7 weeks,
      mean growth hormone concentration steadily declined reaching 1.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at
      12 weeks. There was a secondary increase to 9.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml at 20 weeks and a
      subsequent decline to 6.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml at 26 weeks. The mean percent growth
      increment (defined as percent weight increase per week over previous body weight)
      was calculated to study actual growth. The growth increment was 34% at 6 weeks,
      14.8% at 12 weeks, 15.1% at 16 weeks, and 3.5% at 26 weeks of age. Once hourly
      blood samples for 6 hours were collected at 10 and 24 weeks of age from six
      animals to determine the episodic release pattern of growth hormone and evaluate
      possible stress from venipuncture. Growth hormone concentrations ranged from 2.0
      to 23.0 ng/ml in individual animals, with at least one episodic release of growth
      hormone detected within this time. Venipuncture did not stimulate any rise in
      growth hormone.

PMID- 6834773
TI  - Dietary intake, energy metabolism, and excretory losses of adult male germfree
      Wistar rats.
AB  - Adult germfree rats excreted 87% more calories with the feces than comparable
      conventional rats, but this loss was compensated by an 18% higher intake. As a
      result, energy utilization of germfree and conventional rats was similar (148 and
      143 kcal/kg/day, respectively), although the germfree rat metabolized only 71.9%
      of its dietary intake, versus the conventional rat's 80%. Germfree rats consumed
      33% more water than conventional rats. Both excreted approximately 33% of water
      intake via feces and urine, but the germfree rat excreted 56% of this with the
      feces, the conventional rat only 15%. Cecectomy of the germfree rat reduced water
      loss via the feces, but the total daily excretion of fecal dry matter remained
      comparable to that of the intact germfree rat. The increase in fecal dry matter
      excretion demonstrated by the germfree rat can be largely accounted for in terms
      of water-soluble organic material. The data imply that the lower oxygen
      consumption of the germfree rat is not coupled to a reduction in metabolized
      energy, but may be an anomaly linked to cecal stasis and enlargement.

PMID- 6834775
TI  - Preliminary findings on the use of protozoa (Tetrahymena thermophila) as models
      for ocular irritation testing in rabbits.
AB  - The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila (ATCC 30008) was used as an
      indicator organism in the development of an in vitro test to replace in vivo
      testing of chemicals in the eyes of rabbits. Fifty microliters of Tetrahymena
      suspension were mixed with fifty microliters of varying dilutions of test
      chemicals. After 2 minutes, a bacteriological loopful of the mixture was examined
      microscopically to evaluate the motility of the organism. The minimum dilution
      allowing nearly 100% typical cell motility was recorded as was the maximum
      dilution causing nearly 100% cell death. The reciprocals of these two dilutions
      were added together, and the higher this number, the more toxic the compound. The
      results were compared to published reports of rabbit eye irritancy studies. The
      preliminary in vitro testing indicated a close correlation with in vivo testing
      with many, but not all chemicals tested. The incidence of false negatives was
      minimal.

PMID- 6834776
TI  - Esophageal impaction in BHE rats.
AB  - Spontaneous esophageal impaction was observed in 33 BHE rats, aged 6 to 26
      months, from 157 rats which died or were killed when moribund due to spontaneous
      conditions. The clinical course lasted less than 48 hours and included weakness,
      excessive salivation, forward head motions, matting of chin and perioral hair
      with bedding material, followed by recovery or death. In some animals, the
      clinical episodes reoccurred. The esophagus was dilated (up to 7.0 mm) and
      impacted with bedding or food. The caudal half of the esophagus was affected more
      than the cranial half. The esophageal muscle was thin and pale at the site of
      impaction. Histologically, there was esophageal myodegeneration.

PMID- 6834777
TI  - Periodic acid-Schiff positive deposits associated with aging in mouse brains.
AB  - Deposits which were heavily stained with periodic acid-Schiff's solution were
      observed in a serial study of mouse brain section. Their histochemical reactions
      to ferric acid, calcium, glycogen, amyloid, and mucopolysaccharide were negative.
      Many deposits were observed within 100 microns from the midline of the dorsal
      part of the ventral thalamic nucleus. The deposit sizes were directly related to
      the age of the mice (r2 = 0.99).

PMID- 6834778
TI  - Repetitive blood sampling from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

PMID- 6834779
TI  - A protective collar for dogs.

PMID- 6834780
TI  - Acute clinical malaria (Plasmodium inui) in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca
      fascicularis).
AB  - Acute clinical malaria caused by Plasmodium inui was diagnosed in an adult female
      cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) 4 years after importation into the United
      States. Stress and immunosuppression associated with experimentation completed 2
      weeks earlier may have contributed to the development of severe clinical disease.
      Clinical findings included severe regenerative anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
      weakness, lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia. The infection was treated and
      successfully eliminated with chloroquine hydrochloride administered
      intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg base given at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
      Treatment also included a blood transfusion and intensive supportive care.

PMID- 6834782
TI  - A comfortable, minimum stress method of restraint for Yucatan miniature swine.
AB  - For comfortable, minimal-stress restraint of Yucatan miniature swine, a heavy
      cotton duck sling reinforced with nylon webbing and covered with vinyl was used.
      The sling was designed with four leg openings and one hole for access to the
      anterior vena cava. Custom padding was used to line the leg holes and minimize
      chafing. Five sling sizes were developed for the restraint of any size Yucatan
      miniature pig (3 to 75 kg) or other pigs up to 150 kg. A steel frame on wheels
      was designed with or without a boat winch crank mechanism to support the
      interchangeable slings. The pig restraint was accomplished by lifting or hoisting
      the animal, depending on animal size.

PMID- 6834781
TI  - Hematologic characterization of naturally occurring malaria (Plasmodium inui) in
      cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Twenty of 47 recently imported cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were
      found to have malarial infections. The agent identified was Plasmodium inui. All
      infections were subclinical in nature. Parasitemias ranged from 10 to 900
      parasites/mm3 of whole blood. Pre- and post-treatment hematologic values were
      evaluated following treatment with chloroquine. Treatment was effective in
      clearing parasitemias from 13 of 14 infected monkeys. Pretreatment values of
      hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly different
      in infected animals compared to noninfected animals. While post-treatment
      hemoglobin and hematocrit values returned to noninfected control levels, mean
      corpuscular volume values of infected animals remained significantly lower in the
      post-treatment period.

PMID- 6834783
TI  - A rapid method for devocalizing goats.
AB  - Goats were devocalized electrosurgically through the oral cavity. Special methods
      were necessary due to the small size of the caprine vocal folds and their
      distance from the commissures of the mouth. The vocal folds were difficult to
      visualize and beyond the reach of the instruments usually used for
      ventriculochordectomy in dogs. The use of a specially designed ovine laryngoscope
      blade and a 38-cm electrode made it possible to devocalize goats under ketamine
      xylazine anesthesia quickly and noninvasively. No tissue was removed. The
      electrode was placed over the vocal folds, and the current was applied briefly.
      Animals so treated have not been observed to recover their voices after 4 to 18
      months of observation postsurgically.

PMID- 6834784
TI  - Arbovirus encephalitis: which road traveled by makes all the difference?

PMID- 6834786
TI  - Experimental autoimmune type of vasculitis resulting from activation of mouse
      lymphocytes to cultured endothelium.
AB  - BALB/c splenic lymphocytes were activated by co-culturing in vitro and in vivo
      with an endothelial cell line derived from outbred mouse brain capillaries. The
      lymphocytes underwent proliferation, and after intravenous injection into
      syngeneic mice, vasculitis was found in lungs, brain, and other organs between 3
      and 8 days postinjection. Controls consisted of normal lymphocytes, lymphocytes
      activated by phytohemaglutinin in vitro, and lymphocytes activated in vivo by
      cultured fibroblasts or Freund's complete adjuvant. The control lymphocytes did
      not cause vasculitis when injected into syngeneic mice. Lymphocytes activated by
      endothelium displayed nonspecific cytotoxicity by 51Cr release against both
      endothelial and fibroblast cell lines.

PMID- 6834785
TI  - Cell proliferation in normal and atherosclerotic human aorta. I. Flow
      cytofluorometric determination of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid content.
AB  - By enzymatic dispersion cells were isolated from intimal and medial layers of
      healthy and atherosclerotic human aorta. The analysis of cell distribution
      according to DNA content was made using flow cytofluorometry. It was found that
      intimal and medial cell populations are heterogeneous with respect to DNA content
      and include 2 n and 4 n DNA populations. The 4 n cell content may amount to 19%
      of cell population. As a rule, the percentage of 4 n cells in intima is lower
      than in media. In atherosclerotic lesions their content is lower than in
      uninvolved areas. The 4 n-DNA population includes mono- and binuclear cells.

PMID- 6834788
TI  - Interaction of mesothelium to intraperitoneal stimulation. I. Aggregation of
      peritoneal cells.
AB  - The effect of intraperitoneal injections of bacterial toxin and adjuvant on the
      diaphragmatic mesothelium and their interaction with peritoneal cells was
      investigated in mice. At 30 minutes to 8 hours after stimulation, large numbers
      of neutrophils were seen on the mesothelial surface. Many of these cells
      exhibited features characteristic of locomotion over the mesothelial surface,
      whereas others appeared to be in the process of entering and passing through
      stomata into lymphatic vessels. By 24 hours numerous neutrophils, macrophages,
      and a small number of lymphocytes formed cellular aggregates that were surrounded
      by fibrin filaments. At 48 hours, the peritoneal cells were more closely
      aggregated and formed several layers on the mesothelial surface. By 72 hours
      fibrin filaments appeared to be broken down in many areas, with a resultant
      electron-dense precipitate occupying large areas of the intercellular spaces and
      on the surfaces of cells. It is suggested that the fibrin provides a matrix for
      the adhesion and subsequent aggregation of peritoneal cells to the mesothelial
      surface. The separation of neighboring mesothelial cells which surrounded stomata
      caused a widening of mesothelial pores (stomata), thereby facilitating the egress
      of the increased fluid and cellular infiltrations caused by the stimulation. The
      presence of patent stomata underlying the cellular aggregate demonstrates the
      importance of the diaphragmatic stomata as a major passageway for the removal of
      fluids and cells in the unstimulated, as well as during the inflammatory,
      response.

PMID- 6834787
TI  - Alteration of hepatic microsomal structure and function by indium chloride.
      Ultrastructural, morphometric, and biochemical studies.
AB  - The effects of indium-chloride (InCl3) on hepatocyte structure and function were
      studied in male rats injected with doses of 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg of InCl3/kg and
      killed after 16 hours. Fragmentation and degranulation of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and increased numbers of In- and Fe-containing autophagic lysosomes
      were the most marked cellular changes observed by electron microscopy.
      Morphometric analyses of hepatocytes disclosed a maximal 4-fold increase in the
      volume density of the lysosome compartment and a 2-fold decrease in the volume
      density of the vacuole compartment. Surface densities of the mitochondrial
      cristae and rough endoplasmic reticulum were increased by 1.5-fold, whereas the
      surface densities of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum showed a maximal increase
      of 7-fold. These structural changes were associated with inhibition of microsomal
      aniline hydroxylase by as much as 50% and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase by as much
      as 30% but no change in aminopyrine demethylase activity. Microsomal acid
      phosphatase activity was also decreased to 74% of control, whereas beta
      glucuronidase was unchanged. Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory
      function but no changes in marker enzyme activities were noted. Lysosomal marker
      enzyme activities were also unaffected, with the exception of acid phosphatase,
      which was maximally decreased to 55% of control. The data indicate that acute
      InCl3 injection produces a primary effect on hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum
      structure with attendant changes in both heme- and nonheme-dependent biochemical
      functions. These findings suggest that altered regulation of hepatic microsomal
      heme metabolism by indium and other metals occurs as part of a general process
      involving degradative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum structure due to
      membrane damage with subsequent lysosomal autophagy of nonfunctional components.

PMID- 6834789
TI  - Quantitation of apolipoprotein B in aortas of hypercholesterolemic swine.
AB  - An electroimmunoassay has been developed to quantify apolipoprotein B (apoB) in
      samples of aorta from normolipemic and hypercholesterolemic (diet-induced) swine.
      Acceptability of the assay was demonstrated using tests for specificity,
      sensitivity, accuracy, and validity. Specific sites in the grossly normal aortic
      arch of hypercholesterolemic animals were macroscopically demarcated after the
      injection of the dye, Evans blue. These blue sites, previously shown to be
      regions of early lesion formation, contained significantly greater amounts of
      apoB than adjacent nonblue (white) zones. By contrast, in normolipemic swine no
      difference in apoB content was found between blue and white regions of the arch.
      Likewise, the apoB content did not differ among various white regions of grossly
      normal aortas of hypercholesterolemic swine when no lesions were present. Also,
      once gross lesions were found in white regions, the apoB content was at least as
      great as in blue regions. The differences in apoB content between lesioned and
      nonlesioned areas were greatest in the abdominal aorta. The results of this study
      are consistent with an enhanced interstitial accumulation of lipoproteins
      containing apoB, especially low-density lipoprotein, occurring prior to lesion
      formation in this experimental model.

PMID- 6834791
TI  - The effect of container material, storage time and temperature on cadmium and
      lead levels in heparinized human whole blood.
AB  - The effect of container material (polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene,
      polystyrene, borosilicate glass and Pyrex glass), storage time (0, 1, 3, 6, 13,
      20, 28 and 60 days), and temperature (22 degrees C, 4 degrees C and -10 degrees
      C) on cadmium and lead levels in heparinized human whole blood was studied using
      graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Whole blood samples stored
      in polycarbonate containers at -10 degrees C did not show significant change in
      the concentrations of cadmium and lead up to 60 days. Also, the cadmium and lead
      levels remained unchanged for two weeks when the samples were stored in
      polyethylene and polypropylene vessels at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 6834790
TI  - Monitoring saliva concentrations of methaqualone, codeine, secobarbital,
      diphenhydramine and diazepam after single oral doses.
AB  - A preliminary investigation was undertaken to determine the feasibility of
      monitoring saliva levels of drugs for forensic purposes. Single oral doses of the
      title compounds were administered to healthy volunteers. Plasma and saliva levels
      were measured and ratios calculated for all drugs except diazepam. Saliva/plasma
      ratios for methaqualone, diphenhydramine and secobarbital were all less than one
      and reasonably consistent between collection times and subjects. The
      saliva/plasma ratios for codeine were more variable, but always greater than one.
      Although more detailed investigation is necessary, saliva may be a useful medium
      for forensic monitoring of drug ingestion.

PMID- 6834792
TI  - Determination of potentially toxic metals in human livers in New Zealand.
AB  - Ninety-six human liver samples from persons who died as a result of physical
      injuries in New Zealand have been analysed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
      cobalt, copper, mercury, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc. The
      levels found were generally lower than those found in similar studies outside New
      Zealand. Cadmium and lead levels showed a positive correlation with age and there
      did not appear to be any major regional variations within New Zealand.

PMID- 6834793
TI  - An electrothermal atomic absorption method for aluminum analysis in plasma:
      identification of sources of contamination in blood sampling procedures.
AB  - A wide range of reported "normal" values for aluminum concentration in serum and
      plasma prompted the study of an analytical procedure for aluminum determination
      by atomic absorption and an investigation of possible sources of contamination,
      which may contribute to the wide variation in results reported in the literature.
      A method has been developed utilizing the graphite furnace, which gives linear
      results over an aluminum concentration range of 2.5 to 100 ng Al/mL and a limit
      of detection of 0.6 ng/mL. Recoveries of added aluminum from plasma ranged from
      89 to 100% over this concentration range. The mean plasma concentration of
      aluminum found in four healthy volunteers was 2.7 ng Al/mL. Blood sampling
      devices and heparin can have significant amounts of aluminum contamination, which
      may explain the large discrepancies in quoted "normal" aluminum values in plasma
      and serum.

PMID- 6834794
TI  - A procedure for simultaneous screening and quantification of basic drugs in
      liver, utilizing capillary gas chromatography and nitrogen sensitive detection.
AB  - This paper describes a method used for the comprehensive screening of 80 and
      quantification of 49 basic drugs or drug metabolites in liver specimens taken
      from medical examiner's cases. A simple, versatile liquid/liquid extraction
      procedure was employed, and the analysis was carried out by glass capillary gas
      chromatography with nitrogen specific detection. In this procedure, a 15 m AR
      glass capillary leached with HCl, deactivated with cyclic siloxane and coated
      with SE-52 was utilized. Data on precisions from the quantitative analyses
      carried out within-day or day-to-day yielded standard deviations on the order of
      2-5% and 5-25% of the mean values, respectively, when performed at concentration
      levels of 10 or 100 micrograms drug per gram wet liver tissue.

PMID- 6834795
TI  - Chlorprothixene and chlorprothixene-sulfoxide in body fluids from a case of drug
      overdose.
AB  - A case of fatal drug overdose involving chlorprothixene is presented.
      Chlorprothixene and chlorprothixene sulfoxide (CPT-SO) metabolite concentrations
      (mg/L) in body fluids as determined by spectrophotofluorometry were: blood, 0.10
      and 0.60; bile, 3.9 and 7.0; urine, 0.4 and 3.4; and stomach contents, 340 mg and
      25 mg total, respectively. Qualitative identification of chlorprothixene and CPT
      SO was by thin layer and gas liquid chromatography and spectrophotofluorometry
      following alkaline permanganate oxidation.

PMID- 6834797
TI  - A simple method for determining thiopental in plasma.
AB  - A simple rapid HPLC method for the measurement of thiopental is described. Plasma
      was deproteinised with 50% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol containing flufenamic
      acid as an internal standard. Chromatography was carried out on a C-18 mu
      Bondapak reverse phase column using 220 mL of buffer (1.79 g of ammonium
      dihydrogen phosphate and 1.75 g of sodium sulfate adjusted to pH 7.9 with
      ammonium hydroxide) in 300 mL of methanol. Detection at 280 nm was near the
      absorption maxima of both thiopental and flufenamic acid. The method is linear up
      to 75 micrograms/mL and is therefore suitable for the measurement of thiopental
      in plasma from patients sedated by thiopental infusion. The sensitivity can be
      increased such that single dose studies can be investigated.

PMID- 6834796
TI  - An evaluation of HPLC for the screening and quantitation of benzodiazepines and
      acetaminophen in post mortem blood.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed for
      the analysis of benzodiazepines, some of their metabolites and for acetaminophen
      in post mortem blood. The methods include a single-step extraction and the use of
      internal standards for quantitation. Two different columns, mu-Bondapack C18 and
      mu-Bondapak phenyl with two different mobile phases are described. The methods
      presented are sensitive, reproducible, relatively selective, and have been used
      regularly in forensic toxicological analysis.

PMID- 6834798
TI  - Chromatographic assays for traces of potentially carcinogenic metabolites of two
      azo dyes, Direct Red 2 and Direct Blue 15, in rat, hamster and human urine.
AB  - Specific, precise and sensitive methods are described for determining traces of
      potentially carcinogenic metabolites of Direct Red 2 and Direct Blue 15 in rat
      and hamster urine and to monitor the urine from workers who may be occupationally
      exposed to these dyes. This methodology is generally applicable to metabolites of
      azo dyes based on benzidine or three of its congeners. The benzidine-congener
      free amines, their mono and diacetylated analogs and alkaline hydrolyzable
      conjugates were determined after appropriate extraction and hydrolysis by HPLC or
      EC/GC. Residues of metabolites in rat, hamster, and human urine were determined
      at levels as low as 1 ppb. Supplementary information is also presented concerning
      hydrolysis of diacetylated metabolites and the stability of Direct Red 2 and
      Direct Blue 15 in rat, hamster and human urine.

PMID- 6834799
TI  - Metabolism of a dimethylbenzidine-based dye in rats and hamsters as determined by
      analysis of the urine for potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines.
AB  - Direct Red 2 was given as an aqueous solution to rats and hamsters to determine
      whether the dye is cleaved to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines. Sensitive
      and specific assays of the urine from treated animals by EC/GC revealed
      appreciable levels of 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, mono- and di
      acetyldimethylbenzidine, and alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates. Peak
      concentrations of the metabolites in urine occurred 12 to 24 hours after
      administration to rats, and within 12 hours in hamsters. The levels of all
      metabolites and conjugates diminished rapidly in both species after peak
      concentrations were reached, with no residues detected after 96 hours. The
      results conclusively demonstrated in vivo cleavage of the dye in both species,
      and it is proposed that the analytical methods employed can be used for chemical
      monitoring of human urine.

PMID- 6834800
TI  - Metabolism of nine benzidine-congener-based azo dyes in rats based on gas
      chromatographic assays of the urine for potentially carcinogenic metabolites.
AB  - Metabolism experiments were conducted with rats dosed with nine azo dyes based on
      dimethyl-, dimethoxy-, or dichlorobenzidine to determine whether the free amine
      congeners, their monoacetyl or diacetyl metabolites, or alkaline hydrolyzable
      conjugates were excreted in the urine. After preliminary tests of the dyes, 2-mg
      doses were administered to each animal and urine samples were collected at
      intervals up to 96 hours. EC/GC procedures were based on the analysis of
      heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of the free amine congener moieties or their
      monoacetyl metabolites. Peak levels of metabolites were excreted either 0-12 or
      12-24 hours after administration and, in seven of nine instances, no metabolites
      persisted in the urine after 48 hours. Minimum detectable levels of all
      metabolites were 12 ppb or less. All nine dyes were shown to be converted to
      measurable levels of their benzidine-congener-based metabolites in rats.

PMID- 6834801
TI  - Determination of the distribution of cannabinoids in cannabis resin from Morocco
      using high-performance liquid chromatography. Part II.

PMID- 6834802
TI  - Effect of resources on the diagnostic attributions of counselor trainees and
      undergraduates.

PMID- 6834803
TI  - Experimenter effects in biofeedback training.

PMID- 6834804
TI  - The effect of the Jonestown suicides on American suicide rates.

PMID- 6834805
TI  - Film-induced arousal and aggressive behavior.

PMID- 6834806
TI  - Efficiency and limitation of Euro-Collins solution in kidney preservation.
AB  - The efficiency of Euro-Collins solution against cellular swelling and the reason
      for its 50-hr upper tolerance limit in kidney preservation prior to human
      transplantation is investigated. Dog kidneys were removed, flushed with saline,
      Euro-Collins, or a modified sucrose Euro-Collins solution, and stored at 4
      degrees C in the same fluid for 96 hr. Total and intracellular water contents and
      intracellular sodium and potassium contents were calculated at various times
      according to a methodology taking into account the weight of the dry matter of
      the solution and the value of extracellular space determined from the inulin
      distribution space. Main results show that, in the Euro-Collins group, the
      intracellular water is unchanged up to 48 hr but is suddenly increased between 48
      and 72-hr preservation, after which it remains unchanged. This marked cellular
      edema does not occur in the sucrose group. Euro-Collins solution is thus able to
      protect kidneys from cellular swelling and ionic changes during a 48-hr
      preservation period which corresponds to the upper tolerance limit admitted in
      clinical transplantation. The limiting factor of the swelling inhibition is the
      penetration of glucose into the cell and can be related to a first step in
      membrane injury. Some cellular components are, however, probably lost after 72-hr
      preservation, which suggests a second step in the membrane deterioration.

PMID- 6834807
TI  - Preparation and evaluation of pyridoxalated-polymerized human hemoglobin.
AB  - A solution of hemoglobin has several potential applications as a blood
      substitute. However, because of high oxygen affinity (P50 approximately 14 mm Hg)
      and short vascular retention time of hemoglobin (plasma half-disappearance time
      approximately 3.5 hr), a solution of hemoglobin presents limitations for its
      general use in blood replacement therapy. To overcome these limitations
      crystalline hemoglobin was modified by pyridoxalation and subsequent
      polymerization. Pyridoxalation yielded a product with a P50 ranging from 23 to 26
      mm Hg. The pyridoxalated hemoglobin was then polymerized with glutaraldehyde and
      the final modified hemoglobin showed a P50 of 19 to 22 mm Hg. The modified
      hemoglobin was tested in vitro for coagulation activities. The results indicated
      that no adverse coagulant activity was demonstrated by the modified products. In
      vivo studies in the rat have shown that pyridoxalated-polymerized hemoglobin has
      a plasma half-disappearance time of about 25 hr. The data demonstrated that a
      solution of pyridoxalated-polymerized hemoglobin, because of its lower oxygen
      affinity and longer vascular retention than unmodified hemoglobin, has
      significant potential as a basis for an efficient resuscitation solution.

PMID- 6834809
TI  - Effect of surgical trauma on delayed type hypersensitivity.
AB  - There is no general agreement in the literature concerning the effects of surgery
      on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Therefore, the effect of a standard
      laparotomy on DTH was studied in rats and measured by the ear index method of
      Kostiala. Surgery depresses significantly the ear index in animals challenged at
      the time of operation (2.35 +/- 0.24 vs 6.30 +/- 1.26) or 24 hr later (2.69 +/-
      0.21 vs 4.34 +/- 0.64). There is no late rebound of the immune response. The
      reduction of ear index is not due to a delayed response of operated rats but is
      really a decrease of the peak response. Surgery seems to act on the early phase
      of the immune response.

PMID- 6834808
TI  - Biochemical evaluation of postsurgical wound repair: prevention of
      intraperitoneal adhesion formation with ibuprofen.
AB  - Proteins central to normal wound repair, including collagen and proteoglycans,
      were extracted during postoperative mesothelial regeneration, then the
      quantitation was correlated to macroscopic observations of normal peritoneal
      reepithelialization and/or postoperative adhesion formation. Sixty-three New
      Zealand white female rabbits of reproductive age were prospectively assigned to
      either Group A, untreated control; Group B, which received intramuscular
      injections of ibuprofen, 70 mg/kg per injection (immediately and 6 hr after
      surgery); or Group C, which received 5 intramuscular injections of ibuprofen (4
      hr before surgery, and immediately, 6, 12, and 18 hr after surgery). The right
      uterine horn underwent one of three standardized surgical traumas: (1) abrasion
      of the peritoneal surface with a scalpel until punctate bleeding developed, (2)
      ischemia of the uterine horn by removal of the collateral blood supply
      (devascularization), (3) crushing of the uterine horn by cross clamping for 3 min
      with a Kelley hemostat. Thereafter, 10 microCi of C-14-labeled glucosamine and 10
      microCi of C-14-labeled proline were injected into the marginal ear vein of each
      rabbit. All rabbits underwent a laparotomy on the fifth postoperative day for
      evaluation of adhesion formation and tissue biopsy for protein extraction. No
      reduction in adhesion formation was found using a 2-dose postoperative treatment
      regimen. However, using a 70 mg/kg X 5-doses regimen in the immediate
      perioperative interval, a significant reduction in both adhesion formation and
      severe adhesion formation (both P less than 0.025) were found following
      standardized surgical injury. The extent of adhesion formation was correlated
      with the extractable glycosaminoglycan and collagen concentrations. As determined
      by recovered glucosamine and proline, a positive correlation was apparent between
      the severity of adhesion grade and formation of new glycosaminoglycans or
      collagens. Thus, ibuprofen appears to inhibit adhesion formation through
      suppression of fibroproliferative inflammation.

PMID- 6834810
TI  - Hemodynamic characterization of porcine hemorrhagic pancreatitis ascites fluid.
AB  - The hemodynamic reactions of hemorrhagic pancreatitis ascites fluid (HAF) were
      observed after intravascular injection in the pig. The HAF vascular reactions
      were compared to the reactions of known vasoactive agents in hopes of identifying
      the vasoactive agent(s) in HAF. Pancreatitis was induced in five pigs with
      pancreatic ductal injection of a bile/trypsin mixture. HAF from these pigs was
      injected into the portal vein of five anesthetized pigs which were monitored for
      changes in femoral artery pressure (FAP), cardiac output (CO), and portal
      pressure (PoVP). Trypsin was also tested in the same way in five additional pigs.
      HAF elevated PoVP, then lowered VAP, depressed CO, and exhibited tachyphylaxis.
      Trypsin did not cause tachyphylaxis. The effects observed after infusion of HAF
      are similar to the reported effects observed after injecting histamine, an agent
      previously implicated in hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

PMID- 6834811
TI  - Veno-venous allografts: patency, subendothelial proliferation, and the role of
      platelet-active agents.
AB  - Patency and histology of 81 vein allografts and 10 autografts in the canine
      femoral venous system were compared and the effect of platelet active agents in
      altering patency rates and subendothelial proliferation in allografts was
      examined. It was found that allografts thrombose at a predictable interval after
      operation (18 +/- 7 days) and have significantly worse survival than autografts
      (P less than 0.001). Platelet-active agents did not alter allograft patency rate
      of the incidence of subendothelial proliferation in this model.

PMID- 6834812
TI  - Ileal reservoirs: an experimental study of motility in the Kock and triplicated
      pelvic ileal pouches.
AB  - Motor activity in the Kock ileostomy reservoir and the triplicated pelvic ileal
      reservoir was studied experimentally in dogs and compared with normal terminal
      ileum under identical conditions. Despite claims to the contrary, both reservoirs
      possessed significant motor activity under basal conditions and on filling. This
      was reduced, however, compared with normal terminal ileum. The design of the Kock
      reservoir does not seem to have any distinct advantages over the triplicated
      ileal reservoir which may be used either as an abdominal or pelvic pouch.

PMID- 6834813
TI  - The Association for Academic Surgery: its past, present, and future.

PMID- 6834815
TI  - Acute portal hypertension and reduced renal blood flow: an intestinal-renal
      neurogenic reflex.
AB  - In a series of experiments in anesthetized dogs, the origin and mechanism of
      reduced renal blood flow (RBF) during acute portal hypertension was investigated.
      With acute superior mesenteric vein (SMV) occlusion and normalization of cardiac
      hemodynamics RBF remained reduced at 66 +/- 14 ml/min compared to baseline of 160
      +/- 25 ml/min (P less than 0.01). Neither acute superior mesenteric artery
      occlusion, nor acute hepatic portal hypoperfusion with normal SMV pressures
      maintained by SMV-caval shunt, resulted in reduction of RBF. Cross-perfusion
      studies failed to produce alterations of RBF in recipient dogs from donor dogs
      with SMV occlusion, reduced RBF, and normal cardiac outputs. Finally, splanchnic
      ganglionectomy prevented RBF reduction during SMV occlusion after volume
      restoration. We conclude that reduced RBF during acute portal hypertension is a
      result of an intestinal-renal neurogenic reflex initiated by intestinal venous
      congestion.

PMID- 6834814
TI  - Prevention of ATP catabolism during myocardial ischemia: a preliminary report.
AB  - The enhancement of ATP regeneration following global myocardial ischemia in dogs
      by both ATP catabolic enzyme blockade and precursor infusion was investigated.
      The breakdown of AMP to adenosine is catalyzed by 5'-nucleotidase and this enzyme
      was inhibited during the ischemic period with either concanavalin A (Con A, 3
      mg/kg) or alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate (AMP-CP, 250 microM). To
      provide additional ATP precursors, adenine (30 mg/kg) and ribose (25 mg/kg) (A/R)
      were also infused into the coronary vasculature during ischemia and recovery on
      cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular myocardial ATP levels in control animals
      decreased to 52% of preischemic values during aortic cross clamping, but ATP
      levels in dogs treated with AMP-CP + A/R fell to only 67% of preischemic values
      (P less than 0.05). During reperfusion, ATP levels in Con A + A/R (3.43 +/- 0.26
      mumol/g wet wt) and AMP-CP + A/R (3.77 +/- 0.42) treated animals were higher than
      values found in control dogs (2.73 +/- 0.16, P less than 0.05). Infusions of A/R
      alone without enzyme inhibition did not increase ATP regeneration. The adenine
      nucleotide energy charge ratio was also increased by enzyme blockade with either
      inhibitor when combined with precursor infusion. On bypass, left ventricular
      myocardial blood flow (measured by the microsphere technique) was increased by
      140% (P less than 0.01) over control values in all groups receiving A/R;
      therefore, enhanced ATP levels were not merely the result of increased flow.
      Renal blood flow was not adversely affected by this combination of drugs as has
      been previously found with adenosine infusion and inhibition of adenosine
      catabolism.

PMID- 6834816
TI  - Penicillin and natural immunity protect against postsplenectomy sepsis.
AB  - Prophylactic penicillin, splenic autotransplantation, and immunization using
      pneumococcal vaccine have all been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of
      postsplenectomy sepsis. However, little is known regarding the effect of
      penicillin in established infection or the effect of prior infection in either
      asplenic controls or animals with autotransplanted splenic tissue. An animal
      model with bacterial introduction via the lungs was used to investigate the
      effect of penicillin, splenic autotransplantation, and previous exposure to the
      infecting organism on the mortality of postsplenectomy sepsis. One hundred fifty
      nine rats underwent either sham celiotomy, intraperitoneal splenic
      autotransplantation, or splenectomy. Twelve weeks postoperatively all animals
      were challenged using Streptococcus pneumoniae delivered transtracheally. Half of
      each group received procaine penicillin by intramuscular injection for 5 days
      beginning 24 hr post bacterial inoculation and mortality was observed. Eight
      weeks later surviving rats that had received penicillin were reinoculated with
      the same organism and mortality was again observed. Splenic autotransplantation
      reduced the early mortality in postsplenectomy sepsis. Prior bacterial exposure
      reduced the mortality in postsplenectomy sepsis, even in splenectomized animals.
      Treatment with penicillin produced a marked reduction in mortality even when
      administration was postponed for 24 hr after bacterial inoculation.

PMID- 6834817
TI  - Measurement of ejection fraction by thermal dilution techniques.
AB  - The reproducibility, accuracy, and clinical applicability of ventricular ejection
      fraction derived by a thermal dilution technique were assessed in 22 dogs and 18
      patients. Results obtained by the thermal technique were compared to simultaneous
      results obtained by radionuclide angiography. Right ventricular ejection
      fraction, measured in 9 dogs (1014 determinations) and 8 patients (744
      determinations) was reproducible +/- 5%. Left ventricular ejection fraction,
      measured in 10 patients, was reproducible +/- 5%. Correlation between thermal and
      radionuclear measurements varied from 0.86 to 0.93 (all P less than 0.02). We
      conclude that, because of its low cost, ease of use, and accuracy, thermally
      derived ejection fraction determinations can be helpful in hemodynamic monitoring
      of critically ill patients.

PMID- 6834818
TI  - Effect of venting on myocardial protection by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest.
AB  - Myocardial rewarming between cardioplegic (CP) infusions is in part attributable
      to blood circulating through the heart from collateral channels. This experiment
      was performed to determine if the type of left ventricular (LV) venting affects
      myocardial temperature (temp) or alters myocardial protection. Twelve dogs
      underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 37 degrees C and were subjected to 100
      min of cardioplegic arrest by intermittent coronary infusion of 300 ml 0-4
      degrees C CP solution. Arterial, central venous, left atrial, and LV pressures;
      cardiac output; systemic, septal (S), right ventricular (RV), and LV temp;
      myocardial ATP and glycogen were measured; LV pressure/volume curves and LV dp/dt
      were calculated. Group A (6 dogs) had an LV vent during CPB, and Group B (6 dogs)
      had the aorta vented via the CP line. CP infusion lowered LV temp to 8 degrees C
      in Group A vs 13 degrees C in Group B (P less than 0.000002); S temp was lowered
      to 7 degrees C in Group A vs 11 C in Group B (P less than 0.00007); and RV temp
      was lowered to 16 degrees C in Groups A and B. Ten minutes after CP, LV and S
      temp increased to 20-21 degrees C in Groups A and B, and RV temp to 24-25 degrees
      C in Groups A and B. Twenty minutes after CP all temperatures were the same.
      Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolic studies were similar in the two groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: Hearts vented via the LV cooled to a lower temperature vs those
      vented via the aorta. Venting did not affect myocardial rewarming, myocardial
      metabolites, or ventricular function.

PMID- 6834819
TI  - Catecholamine infusion in the unanesthetized goat lymph fistula model.

PMID- 6834820
TI  - Aminoglutethimide stimulates extra adrenal delta-4-androstenedione production.

PMID- 6834821
TI  - CAT scan of the month. Retroperitoneal hematoma.

PMID- 6834822
TI  - EKG of the month. Accelerated idioventricular rhythm associated with "complete"
      AV dissociation.

PMID- 6834823
TI  - Public Health Report. The development and implementation of a statewide prenatal
      program for low income women.

PMID- 6834824
TI  - Rural distribution of physicians in Tennessee.

PMID- 6834825
TI  - Effects of testosterone, estradiol, aromatase inhibitor, gonadotropin and
      prolactin on the response of mouse testes to acute gonadotropin stimulation.
AB  - These studies determined the local acute responsiveness of the testis to
      intratesticular administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) under basal,
      stimulated (systemic hCG pre-treated), hypogonadotropic (steroid pre-treatment)
      and hyperprolactinemic conditions in male mice. In addition, testicular
      testosterone (T) levels were determined after intratesticular administration of
      the aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) or progesterone under
      basal or hCG-stimulated conditions. Intratesticular administration of 0.025,
      0.25, 2.5 or 25 mIU hCG resulted in a dose-dependent (3- to 14-fold) increase in
      testicular T concentrations in hCG compared to vehicle-injected testes. Systemic
      (i.p.) pre-treatment with 5 IU hCG 24 h before prevented any further increases in
      the already elevated (10-fold basal) T levels after direct intratesticular hCG
      injection. Pretreatment with 250 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) reduced
      basal testicular T concentrations, but resulted in increased responsiveness to
      intratesticular hCG administration. In contrast, estradiol benzoate (EB)
      pretreatment, which also reduced basal testicular T concentrations, did not
      affect the testicular responsiveness to hCG. Hyperprolactinemia reduced
      testicular responsiveness to intratesticular administration of 0.025, 0.25 or 2.5
      mIU hCG, but basal levels of testicular T were elevated. One hour after
      intratesticular injections of an aromatase inhibitor, 4-OHA; (0.25 micrograms)
      testis, T levels were increased in males pre-treated with 5 IU hCG (i.p.) 24 h
      earlier. Higher doses of 4-OHA (2.5, 25 or 250 micrograms) resulted in
      significant, dose-related increases in basal testicular T levels which were
      attenuated by hCG-pre-treatment. Intratesticular administration of 20 micrograms
      progesterone increased testicular T concentrations 2.7-fold, but this effect was
      attenuated (1.5-fold) in hCG-pre-treated mice, suggesting that enzymatic lesions
      beyond progesterone may be involved in hCG-induced testicular desensitization.
      These results indicate that testicular responsiveness to hCG depends on the
      existing levels of gonadotropic stimulation. However, it is evident that
      estrogens and prolactin also influence the sensitivity of the testis to
      gonadotropin.

PMID- 6834826
TI  - The unusual estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) of male rat liver: structural
      determinants of ligands.
AB  - The unusual estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) found in a male rat liver is a sex
      dependent protein which differs from other known receptor and transport proteins
      by the high lability of its complexes with estradiol (E2) and also the unique
      specificity of affinity for hormones. In this work values of relative binding
      affinity (RBA) of the UEBP for 57 steroids and their analogs were determined. The
      affinity of steroids was characterised by the amount of the unlabeled compound
      needed for 50% inhibition of [3H]-E2 binding with the UEBP. A number of
      derivatives of estrane and androstane possess an ability to interact with this
      protein, in contrast to the derivatives of pregnane, stilbene and
      triphenylethane. Characterized by RBA values, natural steroids are found to have
      the following order: estriol larger than or equal to E2 greater than 16 alpha
      hydroxyestrone = 2 alpha-hydroxytestosterone greater than 16-epiestriol greater
      than or equal to estetrol greater than or equal to 17-epiestriol greater than or
      equal to 2-methoxyestradiol greater than or equal to 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha,17 beta-diol greater than or equal to estrone greater than testosterone
      greater than or equal to 2 beta-hydroxytestosterone greater than 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone. Affinity of estrogens and androgens for the UEBP diminishes
      abruptly after removal of 3- and 17-hydroxy groups, masking of these by ether
      bonds or changing of 17 beta-hydroxyl to 17 alpha. All the investigated 17 oxo
      C19-steroids, 5 beta-derivatives of testosterone, its 6 beta- and 16 alpha
      hydroxy metabolites as well as 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol and 19
      nortestosterone exhibit no essential affinity for the protein. On the basis of
      the results obtained it is suggested that the binding sites for estrogens and
      androgens in the UEBP molecule overlap but do not completely coincide.

PMID- 6834827
TI  - Comparison of trans-stilbene oxide, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene as
      inducers of steroid metabolism by the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
      system.
AB  - The metabolism of testosterone and androstenedione by liver microsomes was
      investigated after treatment of rats with trans-stilbene oxide, phenobarbital, or
      3-methylcholanthrene. Conditions for linearity of the assay with time and amount
      of cytochrome P-450, as well as saturating substrate concentrations, were
      established. The metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography and
      quantitated by scintillation counting. The rates of formation of different
      testosterone and androstenedione metabolites after induction with trans-stilbene
      oxide or phenobarbital were similar, indicating that these xenobiotics induce the
      same isozyme of cytochrome P-450. This conclusion was further supported using
      inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (SKF-525A, metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone)
      and with immunoinhibition by antibodies directed towards the phenobarbital
      inducible form of cytochrome P-450. After treatment with trans-stilbene oxide or
      phenobarbital, the specific rates of formation of the 6 beta- and/or 2 beta
      hydroxy metabolites and of 17 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,16-dione were
      increased. In contrast, administration of 3-methylcholanthrene led to decreases
      in the specific rates of formation of almost all testosterone and androstenedione
      metabolites investigated. However, all three of these inducers cause increases in
      the total liver metabolism of testosterone and androstenedione. These increases
      are 2--30-fold in the case of trans-stilbene oxide, 3--46-fold for phenobarbital
      and 1--4-fold after treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. The possible
      physiological significance of these effects is as yet unknown.

PMID- 6834828
TI  - Influence of thyroid function on the in vivo cortisol in equilibrium cortisone
      equilibrium in man.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on the in vivo cortisol in equilibrium
      cortisone (F in equilibrium E) equilibrium, double-labeled cortisol tracer
      techniques were used to measure separately the rates of the F leads to E and E
      leads to F reactions in 4 euthyroid, 2 hypothyroid, and 2 hyperthyroid subjects.
      The rate of the F leads to E reaction was calculated from the appearance rate of
      3H in body water after the i.v. injection of [11 alpha-3H]-cortisol; the rate of
      the E leads to F reaction was calculated from the difference in the plasma turn
      over rates of [11 alpha-3H]-cortisol, and [4-14C]-cortisol after simultaneous
      i.v. injection of both tracers; the F in equilibrium E set-point was calculated
      by dividing the F leads to E rate by the E leads to F rate. In euthyroid subjects
      the F leads to E reaction rate averaged 1.6%/min, the E leads to F reaction rate
      averaged 1.0%/min, and the F in equilibrium E set-point averaged 1.6. In
      hyperthyroid subjects the two reaction rates were supranormal: the F leads to E
      rate averaged greater than or equal to 3.9%/min and the E leads to F rate
      averaged 1.54%/min; since the increase in the F leads to E rate was
      proportionally greater, the F in equilibrium E set-point (average greater than or
      equal to 2.6) was displaced towards cortisone. In hypothyroid subjects both
      reaction rates were equally slowed, to an average of 1.0%/min (F leads to E) and
      0.68%/min (E leads to F); the F in equilibrium E set-point averaged 1.65, the
      same as in euthyroid subjects. Displacement of the F in equilibrium E equilibrium
      towards cortisone in hyperthyroid subjects appears to account for their elevated
      urinary THE/THF ratios, but the normal F in equilibrium E set-point in
      hypothyroid subjects makes it necessary to invoke a different mechanism for their
      depressed THE/THF ratio; it is suggested that increased conversion of THE to
      cortoic acids may be the responsible factor.

PMID- 6834829
TI  - The effects of phenobarbitone on urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and
      hepatic enzyme activity in the guinea-pig.
AB  - Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol is a useful, non-invasive index of microsomal
      mixed-function oxidase activity in man (review: [1]). Administration of
      phenobarbitone (40 mg/kg/day) for 4 days to male guinea-pigs, produced
      significant increases in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and
      cytochrome P-450 reductase activity but did not increase 6 beta-hydroxycortisol
      excretion. The lack of relationship between urinary 5 beta-OHC excretion and
      microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity in the guinea-pig may be accounted for
      by the finding that 6 beta-hydroxycortisol itself undergoes extensive and
      variable metabolism in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 6834830
TI  - Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels in human breast cancer in relation to
      cytosol and plasma estrogen level.
AB  - Estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content along with the
      cytosol and plasma estrone and estradiol levels in 15 premenopausal and 26
      postmenopausal women with breast cancer in different clinical stages (T123, N01,
      M0) were measured. ER-positive tumor frequency and the ER content tended to be
      higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal patients. There was no evidence
      for a relationship between high cytosol estrogen levels and low receptor
      measurements. The estrogen concentration was higher in ER-positive tumor cytosols
      than in those of ER-negative tumors; the differences were significant in
      postmenopausal women, only, with P less than 0.05 for estrone and P less than
      0.01 for estradiol values. Twelve pairs of tumor and normal tissue from the same
      breast, were also studied: seven of which contained ER-positive and five ER
      negative tumors. The ER-positive tumors showed a clear trend to higher estradiol
      content as compared to the corresponding normal tissues. The circulating level of
      estradiol in postmenopausal women, was higher (P less than 0.05) in ER-positive
      tumors than that in ER-negative tumors. Our results indicate that: (a) false
      negative ER assays are not likely to be due to the presence of endogenous
      estrogens. (b) higher amounts of estrone and estradiol are contained in ER
      positive tumors than in negative ones.

PMID- 6834831
TI  - Aldosterone 21-sulphate in man.
AB  - Using a rigorous extraction procedure and radioimmunoassay we have established
      that aldosterone 21-sulphate concentrations in adrenal vein specimens are higher
      than peripheral concentrations. Incubations of homogenates of adrenal glands and
      adenomata in vitro also produced aldosterone 21-sulphate. Peripheral plasma
      concentrations in normal and hypertensive subjects are about one-tenth those of
      aldosterone. Mineralocorticoid activity, as assessed in adrenalectomized rats, is
      less than 1% of that of aldosterone. [3H]-Aldosterone 21-sulphate administered to
      normal and hypertensive subjects is excreted in an irregular manner, and in four
      out of six subjects the major metabolite was an unidentified less polar compound.
      We have characterized this compound chromatographically and discussed the
      mechanism which may be involved in its production.

PMID- 6834832
TI  - Synthesis of photoaffinity analogs of progesterone.
AB  - A photoaffinity analog of progesterone, 11 alpha-diazoacetate progesterone, has
      been synthesized by a two step procedure. This has been made possible by a single
      reaction combining both esterification and diazotization. Numerous diazoacetate
      analogs of progesterone can be synthesized using these simple reaction
      conditions. Radioactive analogs can be produced that transfer the isotope
      covalently to the site of protein modification upon photolysis.

PMID- 6834833
TI  - Effect of u.v. rays on 7-dehydrocholesterol content in rat skin.
AB  - Long-term exposure of rat to ultraviolet irradiation affected the cholesterol
      metabolism in the skin. The 7-dehydrocholesterol content was increased to 1.6
      times of non-irradiated rat. However, the cholesterol content was not altered.
      Ultraviolet-induced precholecalciferol and cholecalciferol bound with an
      activator protein of delta 5,7 sterol-delta 7-reductase. This observation
      suggested that precholecalciferol and cholecalciferol bound with an activator
      protein of delta 5,7 sterol-delta 7-reductase. This observation suggested that
      precholecalciferol and cholecalciferol inhibit the conversion of 7
      dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol and accumulate 7-dehydrocholesterol. The action
      of ultraviolet rays on the cholesterol metabolism in the skin may be explained as
      the action of ultraviolet-induced precholecalciferol and cholecalciferol.

PMID- 6834834
TI  - Measurement of progesterone receptor in human renal cell carcinoma and normal
      renal tissue.
AB  - Progesterone receptor was measured in eight samples of renal cell carcinoma, nine
      samples of normal renal tissue, and one sample of melanoma tissue. Progesterone
      receptor was identified in all samples, with the exception of one renal cell
      carcinoma. Three patients, all with receptor-positive tumors, were treated with
      medroxyprogesterone acetate for metastatic disease. In one of these patients
      there was a partial objective response to treatment. Further research regarding
      progesterone receptor in renal cell carcinoma is indicated.

PMID- 6834835
TI  - Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - A rare case of malignant hemangiopericytoma in the gallbladder is described
      perhaps for the first time in the literature. Areas of necrosis, mitotic activity
      within the tumor, and the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes and
      right ovary suggest an aggressive behavior of the tumor and poor prognosis.

PMID- 6834836
TI  - A rationale for surgical detection of cancer without hospitalization.
AB  - During 1980, in strict accordance with indication schedules outlined for breast,
      skin, oral cavity, lymph node, and soft tissue lesions, 2,499 patients were
      selected and operated on in the outpatient department of our institution. The
      main purpose was early detection of unexpected cancer without hospitalization. Of
      1,266 breast operations, 99 (7.8%) unexpected carcinomas and 67 (5.3%) borderline
      or precancerous lesions were detected, with a higher rate of T1 and N- cases than
      were found in hospitalized breast carcinoma patients: T1, 61% vs 38%; N-, 68% vs
      54%. The specimens of 1,048 skin and oral cavity lesions revealed 261 (24.9%)
      squamous or basal cell carcinomas, and most of them were cured by the outpatient
      surgery itself. Removal of 149 suspicious nevi revealed 20 (13.4%) unexpected
      malignant melanomas; 185 operations on lymph node and soft tissues detected 44
      lymphomas (31 unexpected), 36 metastatic lymph nodes (five unexpected), and six
      sarcomas (five unexpected). These data confirm the validity of and necessity for
      surgical outpatient operations in selected cases.

PMID- 6834837
TI  - Influence of hepatic artery ligation on liver tumor growth in rats.
AB  - Liver tumors, both primary and secondary, receive their main blood supply from
      the hepatic artery. Hepatic artery ligation (HAL) causes a reduction in tumor
      growth and tumor necrosis. In this experiment, three different experimental
      tumors were used to study the effect of hepatic artery ligation at different
      intervals after the occlusion of the arterial blood supply. Hepatic artery
      ligation causes a reduction in liver tumor growth for all three tumors but with
      some variation according to age and type of tumor.

PMID- 6834838
TI  - Primary retroperitoneal seminoma presenting as renal colic.

PMID- 6834839
TI  - The effect of pregnancy on hormone levels and receptors in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 6834840
TI  - Serum copper in carcinoma of cervix uteri as an indicator of successful
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Serum copper levels (SCL) have been done in 106 patients of squamous cell
      carcinoma of the cervix and in 15 cases of local recurrences. The mean SCL has
      been significantly elevated in them in comparison to controls (P less than
      0.001). The SCL falls to near normal range following successful therapy. There is
      a trend to elevation in SCL as the disease progresses. Mean SCL is unrelated to
      the various morphologic types of squamous cell carcinoma. SCL when compared with
      clinical radiation response (CRR) show that good CRR has highest mean difference
      of pre- and posttreatment value in comparison to moderate and poor CRR. It
      appears that highest SCL is associated with advanced disease and poorest
      prognosis. The estimation of SCL can be used as a check parameter of recurrence
      and as a prognostic tool in the management of carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 6834842
TI  - Mycosis fungoides: an overview.
AB  - Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a lymphoma that appears to have a unique relationship
      with the skin. In recent years our knowledge about this disease has increased
      considerably, in particular regarding the nature of the malignant cells and their
      functional characteristics. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence suggesting a
      viral etiology. Since its first description by Alibert in the early part of the
      past century, MF has been the subject of much controversy in regard to
      fundamental issues such as clinical and histological criteria for the
      establishment of the diagnosis [1] as well as its relationship to other lymphomas
      and skin diseases. Some of this controversy remains today. Mycosis fungoides is a
      relatively uncommon disease, the incidence being in the order of 1-2 million per
      year [1,2]. As is the case with most neoplastic diseases, the incidence increases
      with age; however, relatively speaking MF is not exceptional among individuals in
      their twenties or thirties. As for sex distribution there is a slight
      preponderance of men [3-5].

PMID- 6834841
TI  - Relationship between body weight and the incidence of positive axillary nodes at
      mastectomy for breast cancer.
AB  - The question, whether obesity is associated with an increased incidence of
      positive axillary nodes at mastectomy for breast cancer, was studied in two quite
      different hospital populations; one from a large urban teaching hospital
      (Montefiore) and one from a medium-sized Air Force medical center (Malcolm Grow).
      In the Montefiore population, the answer was "yes"; 67% of the node-positive
      patients, but only 31% of the node-negative patients were obese (20% or more
      above ideal weight) (p less than 0.05). In the Malcolm Grow population, the
      answer was "no"; 20% of the node-positive and 20% of the node-negative patients
      were obese. The different answers, we believe, are due to the biological
      differences between the populations; the Montefiore population was shorter (by an
      average of 1.7 inches), heavier (by an average of 20 lbs), and more obese. The
      incidence of obesity was about three times as high in the Montefiore population
      (52% versus 20%; p less than 0.02) and it contained a statistically distinct
      subpopulation of obese patients, while the few obese patients in the Malcolm Grow
      population constituted merely the upper tail of a unimodal log-normal
      distribution of weight in that population. We propose that it is possible to
      demonstrate a relationship of obesity to node-positivity in the Montefiore
      population but not in the Malcolm Grow population because obesity was highly
      prevalent in the former and almost nonexistent in the latter. It seems self
      evident that it is not possible to demonstrate an effect of obesity in a
      population if that population manifests no significant obesity, statistically
      speaking, but disregarding this principle, we believe, may account for the
      controversy in the literature about whether obesity is a risk factor in breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6834843
TI  - A modification of the (75Se) selenomethionine assay for the detection of
      complement-dependent antibody in human tumor systems.
AB  - A modification of Brook's prelabeling (75SE) selenomethionine assay was developed
      and evaluated for detection of complement-dependent antibody (CDA) in a human
      tumor system. CDA was indeed detected in some breast cancer patients' sera. To
      determine whether the assay was reliable and reproducible, xenoantibodies were
      raised in rabbits by immunization with a human breast cancer line, Sk-Br-3, and
      tested against that line and five other unrelated human cancer lines. Multiple
      tests were performed on separate days. It can be concluded from the data that the
      assay is reliable and reproducible. The assay has wide application in
      investigating the biologic role of complement-dependent antibody activity in
      human and experimental animal tumor systems.

PMID- 6834844
TI  - Development and evaluation of cancer chemotherapy drug information cards (DIC).
AB  - Cancer patients often receive multiple drugs. It is often difficult for them to
      differentiate between signs and symptoms caused by cancer from those induced by
      medications. Drug information cards (DIC) may serve a useful purpose to
      circumvent some of these problems. Here I describe DICs and their evaluation by
      patients. A vast majority (85%) of patients approved of these cards, and 67%
      would recommend them to others. I conclude that DICs are useful for cancer
      patients, and their role in nononcologic patients needs evaluation.

PMID- 6834845
TI  - The role of the regional lymph node in breast cancer: a comparison between nodal
      and systemic reactivity.
AB  - Confusion remains concerning the role of the regional lymph node in the
      containment of cancer. Numerous investigators using a variety of assays have
      reported often conflicting results concerning the immunocompetency of lymphocytes
      residing in regional nodes. Forty-two axillary lymph nodes from ten stage I and
      stage II breast cancer patients were studied in lymphocyte blast assays using
      mitogens and breast cancer antigen (BCA). Three general response patterns to BCA
      were identified which were related primarily to tumor size. In the patients with
      the smallest primary tumor (0.5 cm), lymphocytes in the nodes reacted to a much
      greater extent than peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In two of three patients
      with intermediate-size tumor (1.0 to 1.5 cm), a mixed pattern of responses was
      seen with both stimulation suppression occurring within the nodes of the same
      patient. In the four patients with the largest tumors (2.0 to 3.0 cm), 15 of 19
      nodes had a lower stimulation index (SI) than the corresponding PBL. From the
      results of this study it appears that regional lymph nodes are dynamic
      immunologic structures which regress in responsiveness as tumor burden increases.

PMID- 6834846
TI  - Usefulness of preoperative CEA levels in the assessment of colorectal cancer
      patient stage.
AB  - In order to demonstrate a prognostic value of preoperative CEA levels, we have
      tried to define a correlation between CEA and histologic stage of tumor in 124
      patients with colorectal carcinoma. CEA concentration has been evaluated by
      radioimmunologic assay and the histologic stage following Dukes' classification.
      The results show a 25.0% positivity rate for patients in stage A, 48.2% for stage
      B, 61.1% for stage C, and 85.7% for stage D. The mean CEA values are 7.8 ng/ml in
      the first group, 30.3 ng/ml in the second, 58.1 ng/ml in the third, and 134.3
      ng/ml in the last group. Furthermore, we have tried to relate the histopathologic
      grade of the tumor (G) with CEA levels in 54 patients of the 124. We conclude
      that preoperative CEA has a prognostic value, and it is useful in the staging of
      colorectal cancer patients. A low concentration indicates an early stage of the
      tumor, while a high concentration indicates a wide spread of disease; on the
      other hand, there are not significant correlations with cancer grading.

PMID- 6834847
TI  - Primary anorectal malignant melanoma.
AB  - Eleven patients with primary anorectal melanoma were analyzed retrospectively.
      Clinical symptoms and signs were rather unspecific; bleeding in nine, a palpable
      mass in five, and local pain in three patients. Two patients had the tumor
      diagnosed accidentally. In all patients the primary tumor was in an advanced
      stage. A summary of the histopathological characteristics is given in all
      patients. Six patients were subjected to abdominal perineal resection, four to
      local excision, and one to a colostomy followed by radiotherapy. All patients
      developed metastatic disease after a median time of 10 months. The median
      survival time was 14 months after both abdominal perineal resection and local
      excision. One patient is still alive after 11 years. Pertinent data form the
      literature are given.

PMID- 6834848
TI  - In vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing of primary human colorectal carcinomas.
AB  - The cells obtained from 138 tumor samples taken from 135 patients with colorectal
      malignancies were cultured in vitro in a soft agar colony formation assay similar
      to that of Salmon and colleagues [1]. Significant colony formation occurred for
      63 (51%) of evaluable tumor cultures, 53 of which were also tested against
      chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. The median number of drugs tested per tumor was
      15. Using 70% inhibition of colony formation as the criterion for significant
      drug-induced cytotoxicity, only 3/53 (6%) of the tumors were noted to be
      sensitive to any drug. When colony counts generated by initially plated small
      tumor cell aggregates were taken into account, 8/40 (20%) of the tumors were
      noted to be sensitive in vitro to one or more agents. Because of the low rate of
      drug sensitivity found with this in vitro assay, its current role in the
      prospective assignment of chemotherapeutic treatment for patients with colorectal
      carcinoma is somewhat limited.

PMID- 6834849
TI  - The effects of cholestyramine, colestipol, and ADR-132 on the rat prostate and
      dunning R-3327 adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The effects of three compounds known to have hypocholesterolemic activity in
      several species were investigated on the rat prostate and the hormone-dependent R
      3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cholestyramine, colestipol, and ADR-132 are
      bile acid-sequestering anion exchange resins which were fed to separate groups of
      adult male Copenhagen X Fischer (F1) hybrid rats in doses of 0.25%, 1.00%, and
      2.00% of diet. The results indicate that serum cholesterol levels in tumor
      bearing rats and controls fed these compounds for 29 days were not reduced. The
      body and organ weights as well as the histological features of the prostate
      gland, seminal vesicles, and the R-3327 tumor were unaffected by these agents.

PMID- 6834850
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy followed by mastectomy for locally advanced breast
      cancer.
AB  - Six patients with advanced local-regional breast cancer were reviewed. Five out
      of the six patients previously had had radiation therapy as part of the initial
      therapy. All patients had preoperative cycles of combination chemotherapy, either
      CMF or CAF. The two stage III patients had greater than 75% reduction in
      measurable tumor mass, which allowed a conventional modified radical or radical
      mastectomy to be performed. Both of these patients are now disease free at 26 and
      27 months. The four stage IV patients had lesser operations following the
      chemotherapy (two simple mastectomies, one simple mastectomy plus axillary
      resection, and one axillary debulking). Reconstruction utilized advancement flaps
      in three patients and split-thickness skin grafts in the other. None of the
      patients had postoperative wound problems, and none of the patients had further
      problems with local cancer control. All patients had combination chemotherapy
      starting two to six weeks following surgery. Preoperative chemotherapy followed
      by surgery plays an important role in management of locally advanced stage III
      and stage IV breast cancer.

PMID- 6834852
TI  - Comparison of the fate of misonidazole (RO 07-0582) and its metabolite
      desmethylmisonidazole (RO 05-9963), two hypoxic cell radiosensitizers:
      penetration properties in tumor bearing rats.
AB  - 1. The hypoxic cell radiosensitizers misonidazole (RO 07-0582; Miso) and
      desmethylmisonidazole (RO 05-9963; Desmiso) were administered by the
      intraperitoneal route at a single dose of 250 mg/kg to Wistar rats bearing a
      chemo induced sarcoma. Plasma, tissues and urinary concentrations were measured
      by HPLC analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the two drugs were compared. 2.
      The time for diffusion of both drugs in different tissues and the tumor was very
      short: plasmatic and tissular peak levels were obtained 10 to 30 min after
      injection. 3. Miso and Desmiso levels, measured in brain, reached 51% and 5%
      respectively of their plasma concentrations. This observation suggests that
      Desmiso may penetrate the central nervous system to a lesser extent than the
      parent compound. 4. No significant differences of both drug concentrations were
      observed between the central and the peripheral zone of the tumor. However, the
      half-life of nitroimidazole drugs in the center of tumor was much shorter than in
      the peripheral zone, demonstrating radiosensitizing properties. 5. Compared with
      Miso, a greater proportion of injected Desmiso is recovered in the urine: 34% for
      Desmiso and 22,5% for Miso.

PMID- 6834851
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of propranolol, phenytoin and lidocaine in hypercholesterolemic
      rabbits].
AB  - 1. The aim of this study was to investigate an eventual influence of
      hypercholesterolemia on drug kinetics in the rabbit. Pharmacokinetic of
      propranolol, phenytoin and lidocain was studied in groups of male "Fauve de
      Bourgogne" rabbits. Each compound was administered by intravenous single dose
      injection, dosage being 1 mg/kg for propranolol, 10 mg/kg for phenytoin, and 3,5
      mg/kg for lidocain. Propranolol plasma levels were determined by
      spectrofluorimetric method; plasma concentrations of phenytoin and lidocain were
      determinated according to a gas chromatographic method. 2. Our data showed
      variations of pharmacokinetic parameters for propranolol and phenytoin only. For
      propranolol the total body clearance (0,178 +/- 0,064 and 0,115 +/- 0,048 l.kg
      1.mn-1; p less than 0,05) and the volume of distribution (9,32 +/- 3,10 and 6,02
      +/- 0,96 l.kg-1; p less than 0,01) were significantly diminished; half-life
      (40,25 +/- 19,45 and 45,62 +/- 32,20 mn) remained inchanged. For phenytoin, total
      body clearance (3,28 +/- 0,94 and 1,43 +/- 0,50 l.kg-1.mn-1; p less than 0,001)
      was significantly diminished; half-life (136,4 +/- 29,4 and 324,9 +/- 131,6 mn; p
      less than 0,001) significantly increased; volume of distribution (0,62 +/- 0,13
      and 0,62 +/- 0,10 l.kg-1) remained unchanged. 3. These variations may be related
      to changes in the plasma binding for propranolol and in the hepatic metabolism
      for propranolol and phenytoin.

PMID- 6834854
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin and SC4453 a digoxin
      analogue, following a single bolus i.v. dose and following an infusion preceeded
      by an i.v. loading dose in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of SC4453 was studied in comparison with digoxin both after
      an intravenous injection and an intravenous infusion following an intravenous
      bolus injection of a loading dose in the guinea-pig. Doses of 7.8 micrograms/kg
      for digoxin and 30 micrograms/kg for SC4453 were administered as a bolus. The
      solutions were prepared from a stock solution (10(-3) M in ethanol-water 7:3)
      diluted with 0.9% saline. The half lives (t 1/2 beta) for digoxin and SC4453 were
      8.4 h and 4.2 h respectively. The apparent volumes of distribution (V1) were
      respectively 11.4 l/kg and 3.7 l/kg. Using these parameters, an I.V. infusion was
      administered after an initial bolus injection of a properly calculated loading
      dose (D* = CpssV1). The perfusion constant K was calculated from the equation: K
      = CpssV1ke.

PMID- 6834855
TI  - [Demonstration of a vertebro-basilar support in carotid complications].

PMID- 6834856
TI  - Estimates and implications of co-operativity for enzyme kinetics in the intact
      liver: method of flow invariants.
AB  - For substrates rapidly equilibrated between blood and liver cells, steady-state
      co-operative enzyme kinetics determines combinations of inlet and outlet
      substrate concentrations which do not change with the rate of blood flow
      recirculating through an isolated perfused liver. The mathematical forms of these
      combinations (here called flow invariants) are different for each value of the
      Hill co-operativity constant which can therefore be estimated, on a set of intact
      perfused preparations, from that flow invariant which is stochastically least
      dependent on experimental changes in the flow rate. This estimate, made in a
      narrow range of substrate concentrations, is illustrated using previously
      published data on the phosphorylation of galactose by galactokinase in rat liver.
      Changes (if any) of hepatocellular Hill constants in liver disease could be of
      clinical interest. A conspicuous difference between effects of negative and
      positive cooperativity in the intact perfused organ is found: for negative (but
      not for positive) co-operativity, complete extraction of the substrate in a
      single pass through a shunt-free liver is predicted from Hill's equation for a
      specified range of finite input concentrations and flow rates. Substrates with
      negative co-operativity in vivo would therefore facilitate the quantification of
      intrahepatic shunts.

PMID- 6834853
TI  - Interaction between radiomimetic drugs and rat plasma lipoproteins. Role of
      cyclophosphamide and chloromethin.

PMID- 6834857
TI  - A phenomenological model of the perceived intensity of single odorants.
AB  - The response of a model olfactory system to a single odorant is quantified by
      interconnecting three separate stimulus-response relationships. Together, these
      relationships encompass the deposition of odorant molecules onto an olfactory
      organ, their movement to the dendrite of the olfactory receptor neuron, their
      subsequent induction of action potentials, and the processing of induced and
      spontaneous action potentials by the central nervous system, resulting in
      perception and a behavioral response. Phenomena discussed within the context of
      the model include the behavioral threshold, central summation of responses from a
      number of olfactory neurons, and the effect of organ shape on olfactory
      detection. The intent of the model is to provide a quantitative conceptual
      framework for designing and interpreting experiments relating sensory input to
      perception and behavior. Its utility is particularly evident for insect olfaction
      since it enables insect sex pheromone behavioral thresholds to be estimated from
      the literature when bioassays or electrophysiological studies are not possible.
      It also derives a physiologically meaningful method for comparing behavioral
      thresholds among different animals, and permits comparisons of different kinds of
      behavioral responses in the same species. Vertebrate olfaction is treated briefly
      in a discussion of the effect of sniffing on the threshold of detection.

PMID- 6834859
TI  - Equilibrium frequencies of alpha-globin genes.
AB  - A mathematical model has been developed to study the mechanism of the maintenance
      of variable numbers of alpha-globin genes in human populations. The model
      incorporates both selection and unequal crossing-over. The selection is
      formulated so that a homozygous individual with a double deletion is lethal and a
      heterozygous individual with a deletion or addition of an alpha-globin gene in a
      chromosome has decreased fitness. This differs from the previous models of
      stabilizing selection studied by Ohta (1981) and Takahata (1981). The effect of
      random genetic drift on the alpha-thalassemia polymorphims has also been studied.
      It has been shown that, although the results obtained are compatible with the
      observation of the low frequency of triple alpha-globin loci, it cannot explain
      the high frequency of single and double deletions in Asian populations. For the
      latter case, some type of heterozygote advantage may be operating.

PMID- 6834858
TI  - The influence of hydrophobic ions and dipolar molecules on the electrostatic
      barrier in biomembranes.
AB  - To calculate the electric field inside a membrane the aqueous phase can be
      approximated by a conductor since the dielectric constant of water is much larger
      than that of the membrane. Then, using the method of image charges, ions adsorbed
      inside the membrane can be considered as dipoles and dipolar molecules adsorbed
      inside the membrane may similarly be regarded as sets of two similarly oriented
      dipoles. The microscopic interactions and, therefore, the spatial correlations of
      the adsorbed species can then be obtained. Together with the Gouy theory for the
      diffuse double layer these results allow the determination of the adsorbed phase-
      aqueous phase equilibrium. From the densities and spatial correlations of the
      adsorbed ions and dipolar species, their influence upon the electrostatic barrier
      as experienced by an ion translocating the membrane can be calculated. Changes
      observed in the relaxation time and initial conductance of translocating
      hydrophobic ions in voltage-pulse experiments on bilayer membranes are predicted
      using this model of the electrostatic barrier. In addition, an equation giving
      the surface tension as a function of the (non-ideal) adsorption of hydrophobic
      ions and dipoles is derived.

PMID- 6834860
TI  - The thermodynamics of a two dimensional system of hard core electric dipoles.

PMID- 6834861
TI  - A reaction-diffusion theory of morphogenesis with inherent pattern invariance
      under scale variations.
AB  - In the framework of reaction-diffusion theory we deal with the problem of pattern
      regulation in morphogenesis. A generic model is proposed where the kinetic terms
      follow constraints imposed by scale invariance considerations. These constraints
      allow a class of kinetic schemes to be formulated so that, starting with an
      initially homogeneous morphogen distribution in the field, a stable gradient is
      established of the form: S(chi,L) = Lpf(chi/L). Here L is the length of the
      morphogenetic field, chi is the position variable and f(chi/L) is some monotonic
      function of the relative distance. With this distribution a scale invariant
      gradient can be constructed which leads to pattern regulation. A linear stability
      analysis of the model permits the definition of the parameter values enabling the
      system to abandon the homogeneous state spontaneously. Simulations of the
      evolution of the system towards its final stable state result in approximate
      pattern invariance for different field lengths. The accuracy of this invariance
      is in agreement with some recent quantitative experimental findings in both
      developing and regenerating systems.

PMID- 6834862
TI  - Rate of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells irradiated with ultraviolet light: a
      model based on the variations in the rate of movement of the replication fork and
      in the number of active replicons.
AB  - A model is proposed to describe the rate of DNA synthesis observed under certain
      conditions in UV irradiated mammalian cells. It is assumed that shortly after
      irradiation the rate of DNA synthesis drops mainly as a consequence of the drop
      in the rate of movement of the replication fork. This in turn, is due to a pause
      at the dimer for a limited length of time. Later on, a recovery in the rate of
      DNA synthesis occurs, and it is proposed that one of the parameters contributing
      to that is an increase in the number of active replicons. This simple model
      enables one to predict variations in the rate of DNA synthesis as a function both
      of UV dose and of time after irradiation.

PMID- 6834863
TI  - Influence of the existence of a resting state on the probability of cell division
      in culture.
AB  - A cell cycle model developed by Smith and Martin is generalized to allow for the
      possibility that the duration of the B phase is not fixed. The B phase is the
      equivalent of the traditional S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle. The duration
      of the B phase is represented by a Gaussian probability distribution; the
      duration of the resting or A state which replaces the traditional G1 phase is
      represented by a decaying exponential distribution. A doubling time distribution,
      termed the CEG distribution, is obtained by convolution of the A state and B
      phase distributions. Like the reciprocal normal, rate normal, and log normal
      distributions, it is a rounded unimodal peak that is skewed to the right. None of
      the three former distributions is associated with a cell cycle model that
      includes a resting state. However the CEG distribution, which is so associated,
      bears little resemblance to the delayed exponential distribution which results
      when the duration of the B phase is fixed and the duration of the A state is
      random. Consequently, it would be difficult to use the doubling time distribution
      to determine whether or not a resting state exists in a particular cell
      population.

PMID- 6834864
TI  - A game-theoretical model of parasite virulence.
AB  - The evolution of parasitic reproductive rates, relative infectiousness and
      severity of disease are considered using a game-theoretical model in which
      parasites compete within hosts. Each parasite's fitness is assumed to be directly
      proportional to the product of its reproductive rate (lambda) and the length of
      time (T) over which it reproduces. An increase in a parasite's reproductive rate
      is assumed to increase its host's disease-induced mortality rate (alpha) and
      consequently, through host death, to decrease T. By maximizing the total number
      of propagules that individuals produce with respect to their individual
      reproductive rates, we show that competitors within a host may be favored by
      natural selection to reproduce at rates below their maximum potential rates.
      Whether competitors behaving with such restraint can coexist at a Nash
      equilibrium is shown to depend on the functional form of alpha (lambda) and on
      the number of competitors within a host. While an individual's restraint benefits
      its within-host competitors through increased host longevity, the model does not
      invoke group selection. In the model, selection favors an individual's restraint
      when such behavior increases the individual's total number of propagules.
      Concurrent increases in the absolute and relative fitness of an individual's
      within-host competitors can be consequences of such individual selection.

PMID- 6834865
TI  - A model for shape generation by strain and cell-cell adhesion in the epithelium
      of an arthropod leg segment.
AB  - We present a model for the energetic factors determining the most stable shape of
      a tubular epithelium such as the hypodermis of an arthropod leg segment. The
      model uses the analysis by Steinberg (1963) of rearrangement of cells in
      aggregates under the influence of differential adhesion, combining this analysis
      with the assumption that the epithelium behaves as an elastic sheet. The
      epithelium is assumed to consist of blocks of cells with different adhesive
      affinities, which remain unmixed in a quilt pattern. Rearrangement of cells
      within each block can adjust the shape of the tube by changing the shapes of the
      blocks. By means of such rearrangements the tube develops that shape which
      minimizes a free energy. The free energy is the difference between the energy of
      mechanical strain due to bending of the epithelium and the work of adhesion among
      cells. Minimization of the free energy for a cylindrical segment yields a scaling
      relation involving the length and radius of the segment. Leg segments of
      Drosophila conformed approximately to this relation, with deviations which
      suggest that a whole-limb pattern of adhesive affinities modulates the shaping
      effects of an adhesive pattern repeated in each leg segment. The model also
      predicts a transient deformation in an epithelium following a grafting operation.
      For example, deleting a slab of tissue from a tubular segment and reuniting the
      cut ends should produce a constriction of the tube at the host-graft junction. We
      propose that patterns of strain and adhesion can provide positional information
      which regulates subsequent development. Local increases in strain or adhesive
      disparity may stimulate mitoses; the resulting changes in distribution of cells
      will affect morphogenesis.

PMID- 6834866
TI  - A neural theory of cognitive development.
AB  - A physiologically based model of the neocortex has been developed in an attempt
      to elucidate possible structural and functional mechanisms of the mammalian
      cortex and account for a wide range of low level cognitive behavior. The model
      has been constrained by diverse empirical data. At the level of structural
      details, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data have been considered and at
      the level of gross behavior, psychological data has been used. From the theory
      that groups of reverberating neurons provide a short term memory mechanism and
      that primary drive reduction triggers consolidation of a memory, a mechanism for
      selective learning has been developed. Fundamental to the model is the postulate
      of a novelty drive mechanism that functions in a manner analogous to the more
      widely accepted primary drives (e.g. hunger and fear). This paper examines the
      novelty drive mechanism and demonstrates its utility in accounting for a wide
      range of habituation behaviors. The success of the model is evaluated by
      comparing its behavior to appropriate empirical data. Finally, it is argued that
      a computer program is both a theory and a model, and that important advantages
      accrue from such a viewpoint.

PMID- 6834867
TI  - Diffusion of Ca2+ and the quiescent response of sea urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - The starting and stopping transients observed in sea urchin sperm flagella in the
      presence of high Ca2+ are believed to begin with an influx of Ca2+ into the
      axoneme and to end, as indicated by resumption of normal beating, when the Ca2+
      has been reduced to very low levels by an active extrusion process. If the influx
      and efflux processes were uniformly distributed along the length of the
      flagellum, it is not likely that the starting and stopping transients would occur
      as a well defined sequence of events that always proceeds from the proximal to
      the distal end. Theoretical analysis of the concentration profiles of Ca2+
      expected if Ca2+ influx occurred along the length of the flagellum but efflux was
      restricted to the proximal end shows that the time required to reduce [Ca2+] in
      the distal portion of the flagellum would generally be longer than the observed
      recovery times. Localization of both the influx and efflux processes near the
      proximal end, however, yields concentration profiles consistent with observations
      on the duration of starting and stopping transients.

PMID- 6834868
TI  - Product term nonlinear lateral inhibition enhances visual selectivity for small
      objects or edges.

PMID- 6834869
TI  - Recent developments on medicinal plants in China.

PMID- 6834870
TI  - Acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) caused by cuffed tracheal tubes,
      surgical trauma, and blunt injuries is an unusual and serious problem. Several
      differing approaches to management have been proposed. We have repaired such
      fistulas in 20 patients; 14 of them were related to tracheal intubation, three to
      blunt trauma, two followed anterior cervical spine fusions, and one resulted from
      a foreign body. Fistula closure on ventilator-dependent patients was usually
      delayed until they were weaned from respiratory support. Four patients had
      esophageal diversion before repair of their fistulas. There was sufficient
      tracheal damage to require resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 13 patients.
      The esophageal defect was closed directly in 16 patients, and end-to-end
      reconstruction of the esophagus was accomplished in four. There were two deaths,
      and one fistula recurrence required reoperation. These results support our
      recommendations to delay fistula closure in most ventilator patients, to use
      esophageal diversion selectively, to employ tracheal resection when there is
      evidence of extensive damage, and to directly repair the esophagus.

PMID- 6834871
TI  - Median sternotomy for resection of pulmonary metastases.
AB  - Thoracic surgeons have been reluctant to adopt the median sternotomy as a
      suitable approach to pulmonary operations. However, its lesser functional
      morbidity and the capability to assess both lungs are advantageous in selected
      patients. Examined herein is a concentrated experience with 53 median
      sternotomies in 46 patients for the resection of pulmonary metastases. Forty of
      the 46 patients had soft tissue or osteogenic sarcoma. Full-lung tomograms
      diagnosed but did not accurately reflect the extent of disease. Fifty-three
      percent more tumor nodules were found at median sternotomy than were seen on full
      lung tomography. Eleven of 18 patients (61%) thought to have unilateral disease
      by full-lung tomography had bilateral metastases found at median sternotomy. Most
      median sternotomies involved wedge resections (mean 8.9 range one to 52). Two
      segmentectomies, six lobectomies, and one pneumonectomy were also performed.
      Repeat median sternotomy was accomplished seven times; one patient underwent four
      median sternotomies. Sixty-six percent of the nodules removed proved to be tumor.
      Complications included one reoperation for bleeding; three patients had air leaks
      for more than 1 week, including one bronchopleural fistula; four required
      respirator assistance for more than 3 days; and there were four major infections.
      There was no operative mortality. Because of its low morbidity, the high
      incidence of unsuspected bilateral disease, and the elimination of a second
      operative procedure, median sternotomy is the approach of choice for the surgical
      treatment of pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 6834872
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome following intrapleural instillation of talc.
AB  - After intrapleural instillation of talc for sclerosis of malignant pleural
      effusions, dyspnea occurred in three patients, progressed gradually over 72
      hours, and culminated in acute respiratory failure characterized by bilateral
      diffuse pulmonary infiltrates with normal pulmonary artery occlusion pressures.
      Two patients recovered and one died. The chronological similarity of the sequence
      of fever, dyspnea, and respiratory failure in the absence of documented infection
      or other conditions that predispose to the adult respiratory distress syndrome
      (ARDS) suggests that intrapleural talc may have induced the syndrome in these
      patients through unknown mechanisms. This experience emphasizes that other agents
      are preferable for initial attempts to promote pleural symphysis in the
      palliation of recurrent malignant effusions. When talc is used in patients who
      are unresponsive to tetracycline, we suggest clinical monitoring for respiratory
      compromise for 72 hours after the procedure.

PMID- 6834873
TI  - Origin of pulmonary artery branch from ascending aorta. Primary surgical repair
      in infancy.
AB  - 1. Surgical repair of origin of a pulmonary artery branch from the ascending
      aorta should be performed as early as possible in order to prevent death from
      congestive heart failure or the development of irreversible pulmonary vascular
      obstructive disease. 2. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest greatly facilitates
      surgical repair of this lesion in infancy, as is illustrated by the three cases
      reported herein. 3. Direct anastomosis of the ectopic pulmonary artery branch to
      the main pulmonary artery is the surgical technique of choice. 4. Origin of the
      RPA or the LPA from the ascending aorta results from origin of the RPA or LPA
      from the aortic sac, instead of from the confluent sixth arches. Typically, the
      RPA has failed to migrate leftward because of abnormal development of the wall of
      the aortic sac, abnormal development of the sixth arches, or both. 5. Origin of
      the RPA or the LPA from the ascending aorta should be distinguished from origin
      of the "RPA" or of the "LPA" from the innominate artery or from the aortic arch
      via a PDA or a collateral artery.

PMID- 6834874
TI  - Coronary artery compression with fatal myocardial ischemia. A rare complication
      of valved extracardiac conduits in children with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Three children with congenital heart disease died after surgical procedures
      involving the placement of valved extracardiac conduits; their deaths were caused
      by myocardial ischemia following coronary artery compression by the metallic
      stent of the conduit valve. The first and second patients died of acute
      myocardial ischemia or infarction during the immediate postoperative period,
      whereas the third patient died of chronic myocardial ischemia and progressive
      heart failure several months after the operation. In a fourth patient the problem
      of possible coronary artery compression was suspected on completion of the
      surgical procedure, and the valve stent was then repositioned away from the
      coronary artery; this resulted in marked hemodynamic improvement. Fatal
      myocardial ischemia from coronary artery compression is a rare but potential
      complication of valved extracardiac conduit placement in children with congenital
      heart disease. Preoperative assessment of coronary artery distribution is
      indicated in those patients with prior intrapericardial operations and subsequent
      pericardial adhesions. Such assessment in previously unoperated patients may be
      undertaken at the time of conduit operation. Proper conduit placement and
      intraoperative recognition of possible coronary artery compression by the conduit
      are important in preventing significant ischemic complications.

PMID- 6834875
TI  - Combined myocardial revascularization and carotid endarterectomy. Operative and
      late results in 331 patients.
AB  - Simultaneous coronary artery bypass and carotid endarterectomy were performed in
      331 patients (mean age 61 years) at the Cleveland Clinic from 1973 through 1981.
      Of these, 195 (59%) had Functional Class III-IV angina pectoris, 308 (93%) had
      multiple-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), 68 (21%) had over 50% stenosis of
      the left main coronary artery, and 185 (56%) had either segmental or diffuse
      impairment of left ventricular function. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis was
      documented in 173 patients (52%), and the remaining 158 had experienced either
      previous transient cerebral ischemia (38%) or completed strokes (10%). Single
      aorta-coronary grafts were placed in 59 patients (18%), double grafts in 131
      (40%), and three or more grafts in 141 (42%). Nineteen patients (5.7%) died
      postoperatively in the hospital. Neurologic deficits occurred in 30 patients
      (9.0%) and produced permanent functional impairment in 15 (4.5%). Late results
      have been obtained for 312 operative survivors at a mean postoperative interval
      of 38 months. Thirty-eight patients (12%) have died, but the 5 year life-table
      survival rate of the study group was identical to that of the normal population
      aged 61 years. Significant differences in cumulative 5 year survival rates were
      identified among diabetic patients (p less than 0.025) and among those receiving
      single rather than double (p less than .005) or multiple (p less than .01)
      coronary grafts. Although 18 patients (5.8%) have had late strokes, only five
      (1.6%) of these strokes have involved the cerebral hemisphere on the same side as
      combined carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 6834876
TI  - Diastolic ventricular properties in patients during coronary revascularization.
      Intermittent ischemic arrest versus cardioplegia.
AB  - Left ventricular diastolic properties were examined in 24 patients undergoing
      coronary revascularization with either 32 degrees C intermittent ischemic arrest
      (IA) or 4 degrees C potassium cardioplegia (CP) for myocardial protection. The
      ages, numbers of grafts, and preoperative cardiac function were similar for the
      two groups of patients. For compliance data, hearts were filled passively during
      bypass perfusion to diastolic pressures between 0 and 20 mm Hg by clamping the
      left ventricular vent. Simultaneously, minor axis dimensions were measured with 8
      mm epicardial ultrasonic crystals. End-diastolic lengths (EDL), normalized to a
      Lagrangian strain definition (epsilon), were compared at each pressure (P) by the
      nonlinear regression equation, P = alpha(e beta epsilon-1). Both elastic
      constants, alpha and beta, as well as linear regression slopes (k) of pressure
      strain data were compared as indices of ventricular stiffness. Prior to
      determinations, the EDL at 0 mm Hg transmural pressure was defined as l0. At each
      filling pressure, a leftward shift in the compliance curve developed following IA
      but not CP. Moreover, shifts in alpha, beta, and k constants occurred with IA
      alone, l0 did not change in either group. Therefore, stiffening did not occur
      when CP was used for protection, despite ischemic durations twice those of IA (31
      versus 15 minutes). These data confirm CP to be a superior method of cardiac
      protection during coronary bypass grafting and show diastolic ventricular
      properties to be a sensitive indicator of subclinical ischemic injury.

PMID- 6834879
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa tricuspid valve endocarditis: intraoperative use of
      ultraviolet light to confirm diagnosis.

PMID- 6834877
TI  - Permanent endocardial pacing in pediatric patients.
AB  - Improved technology with smaller pulse generators and passive and active fixation
      endocardial lead systems has the potential for facilitating safe, reliable pacing
      in pediatric patients. Of 18 pediatric patients (mean age 11.1 years) undergoing
      permanent transvenous cardiac pacing during the period April, 1977, to January,
      1981, two (11%) required reoperation during a mean follow-up of 18.8 months.
      Satisfactory stable pacing was maintained even in patients with dual-chamber
      pacing systems and in patients with transposition of the great vessels in whom a
      lead was placed in a morphologically left atrium. This reoperation rate of 11%
      contrasts with a reoperation rate of 32% in 22 pediatric patients (mean age 8.7
      years) who underwent placement of ventricular-demand epicardial pacing systems
      during the same period. In our experience, transvenous endocardial pacing is the
      preferred route in pediatric patients because of the improved lead system
      survival and the potential for atrial or atrioventricular sequential pacing.

PMID- 6834880
TI  - Manipulating the diseased thoracic aorta.

PMID- 6834878
TI  - Bipolar atrial application of a new temporary pacing lead after cardiac
      operations.
AB  - A new temporary pacing lead. Medtronic Model 6400, with a defined electrode
      surface area of 7.5 mm2, has been clinically and electrophysiologically evaluated
      during bipolar atrial application in 20 patients after cardiac operations. A
      silicon disc was used for fixation of the electrodes to the right atrium in 10
      patients, and an atrial plication technique was used in the other 10. Myocardial
      stimulation threshold and resistance were measured throughout the postoperative
      period. Atrial electrograms were recorded on magnetic tape for computer analysis
      of amplitudes, slew rates, and signal source impedance. No significant
      differences (p greater than 0.1) were found in myocardial stimulation threshold
      between the two fixation modes. During constant-current pacing, median threshold
      rose from 0.65 mA to 2.3 mA. Stimulation resistance, measured during constant
      voltage pacing, fell from 567 to 365 omega, with a subsequent rise to 425 omega
      before electrode removal. Again no difference was found between silicon disc and
      plication fixation of the electrodes. P-wave amplitudes were significantly higher
      with plication than with silicon disc fixation (2.26 versus 0.86 mV, p less than
      0.01), as were slew rates (0.34 versus 0.18 V/s, p less than 0.05). Signal source
      impedance had a magnitude of 6 k omega. The electrodes were used successfully in
      12 (60%) of the patients for diagnosis and/or treatment of arrhythmias. We find
      the new lead well suited for atrial application.

PMID- 6834881
TI  - Membranous tracheal rupture.

PMID- 6834882
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a proliferative or accumulative disorder?
AB  - In two untreated patients with progressive CLL, quantitative 14C autoradiography
      of lymph nodes and, subsequently, continuous infusion of [3H] thymidine over
      eight and nine days, respectively, were performed in order to analyse the lymph
      node cell kinetics. Simultaneously, the turnover of labelled lymphocytes in the
      peripheral blood was evaluated. From another CLL patient a regional lymph node
      was removed 6 h after an intralymphatic flash injection of [3H] thymidine and
      sectioned for autoradiographic study of the distribution of labelled cells within
      the lymph node tissue. While the durations of DNA synthesis were found to be
      normal, the labelling indices were reduced. The relative cell production rate was
      far lower than normal. Very small growth fractions were calculated, amounting to
      less than 1% in one patient, and to 2.4% in the other. The distribution of
      labelled cells in the lymph nodes was focal, which supports the finding of low
      growth fractions. According to the present data, CLL is a disorder in which a
      very small number of cells cycle at a roughly normal rate. A kinetic definition
      of accumulative and proliferative tumour growth is introduced. Tumour growth is
      termed accumulative if growth appears to result from a decreased relative cell
      loss rate rather than an increased relative cell production rate. According to
      this definition, the kinetics in CLL may be classified as accumulative. In
      absolute terms, however, the number of lymphoid cells produced per unit of time
      was found to be far higher in CLL than in the healthy state.

PMID- 6834883
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in childhood acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Using a whole-cell assay, we found glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in all 43
      consecutive assessable children with newly diagnosed acute non-lymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL). The receptor levels ranged from 2146 to 81,308 sites/cell
      (median = 18,105); these results were similar to those for acute lymphocytic
      leukemia. Receptor levels were not related to any of these clinical or biological
      features at diagnosis: age, sex, race, initial leukocyte count, liver or spleen
      size, presence of CNS disease or Auer rods, [3H] thymidine ( [3H]TdR) labelling
      index, French-American-British morphology or terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase activity. Receptor levels also were not related to the initial
      treatment response or remission duration after therapy that did not include a
      glucocorticoid. We conclude that GR level has no clinical utility as a marker
      protein in childhood ANLL.

PMID- 6834884
TI  - Increased content of calmodulin in human leukemia cells.
AB  - The content of calmodulin, as measured by a radioimmunoassay, in homogenates of
      two human leukemic cell lines (IM9 and Molt-4) was about 10-fold higher than that
      of normal human peripheral lymphocytes. These elevated calmodulin levels existed
      regardless of the proliferation status of the cells. Normal human lymphocytes
      stimulated with concanavalin A (con A) did not exhibit these elevated calmodulin
      levels. Likewise, leukemic cells which were 'blocked' from dividing through the
      addition of thymidine did not exhibit lower or 'normal' cellular calmodulin
      levels. These increased levels of calmodulin could contribute to the altered
      calcium regulation which exists in human leukemic lymphocytes.

PMID- 6834885
TI  - X-ray microscopy using a scanning electron microscope for the purpose of imaging
      central nervous system structures.
AB  - A simple modification of an Hitachi S.450 specimen stage permits point source X
      ray microscopy with a scanning electron microscope. Point source X-ray microscopy
      was applied to nervous tissue to determine the feasibility of utilizing this
      technique instead of a light microscope mounted camera lucida to produce 2- and 3
      dimensional images of whole structures such as neurons. Various target materials,
      radio-opaque materials and photographic films were examined in this study.

PMID- 6834886
TI  - A method for long-term artifact-free recording of single unit activity in freely
      moving, eating and drinking animals.
AB  - A method for long-term artifact-free recording of single unit activity in freely
      moving, eating and drinking animals is described. A dual channel field effect
      transistor (FET) which functions as dual source followers is mounted directly on
      the head socket of the animal and the pins are connected directly to chronically
      implanted microwire electrodes. Unit activity inputs to the FETs from two closely
      spaced electrode wires, one recording and one indifferent, were differentially
      amplified through a circuit with high common mode rejection ratio. Use of the
      FETs reduced the signal source impedance of long lead wires from the electrodes
      to the main amplifier and differential recording from two close electrodes
      cancelled mastication-related myoelectric potentials as common mode signals. Both
      movement and chewing artifacts were completely eliminated by these techniques.

PMID- 6834887
TI  - Determination of meta- and para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in single caudate
      nuclei by selected metastable peak monitoring: a new sensitive gas
      chromatographic--mass spectrometric procedure.
AB  - The levels of meta- and para-hydroxyphenylacetic acids in rat brain caudate
      nuclei have been determined by a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC
      MS) procedure in which metastable transitions specific to the derivatized acids
      are observed. The method is more sensitive than previous procedures and allows
      determination of the acid concentrations using single caudate nuclei. The levels
      of the meta- and para-isomers were found to be 9.2 +/- 1.5 and 43 +/- 3.7 ng/g,
      respectively.

PMID- 6834888
TI  - Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by axons of passage and its modification by poly
      L-ornithine and dimethylsulphoxide.
AB  - It has been shown that transected axons of passage in the optic tract can take up
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and transport it back to the cell bodies. This
      effect is considerably reduced if the HRP is injected from a small-tipped
      micropipette 6-12 h after insertion into the injection site. HRP is not taken up
      by uninjured axons of passage. The use of poly-L-ornithine and dimethylsulphoxide
      dramatically increases the numbers of labeled cells. These numbers are
      undiminished after 6-12 h waiting periods. From this and from calculation it is
      clear that much of this effect must occur via uninjured axons. These substances
      should not be used in any situation where it is important not to label axons of
      passage. If other HRP conjugates and additives have the same effect as those
      described here, the results of experiments with these substances should be
      interpreted with caution.

PMID- 6834889
TI  - An improved instantaneous frequency meter for use with a multi-trace CRO: re
      examination of the principles involved.
AB  - The instantaneous frequency display of single unit discharges provides a useful
      measure of neuronal activities. Such a device must produce voltage outputs
      proportional to the reciprocal of each inter-spike interval by on-line
      computation of the hyperbola of V = a/t. Segment approximation of the required
      hyperbola can be made by a series of exponential functions which increase in time
      constants by a factor of m. Numerical analysis of a normalized function indicates
      possible error maxima of 3.4, 2.4 and 1.1% for m of 2, 1.8 and 1.5, respectively.
      This prediction is fully confirmed by the actual performance where m of 1.5 is
      adopted. The test circuit combines only readily available ICs and other
      components, to give a linear F-V conversion over a dynamic range of 4-600 Hz with
      error maxima of approximately 1%. The outputs are square pulses of approximately
      1.5 ms in duration through the use of a flexible sample-hold circuit. Compared
      with that of earlier models, this display mode gives better photographic records
      with the base-line in simultaneous multi-trace display. Simple and systematic
      methods are described for designing a circuit to one's own specifications, and
      also for compensating for component variations.

PMID- 6834890
TI  - Antituberculous agents. Isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, and
      pyrazinamide.
AB  - Effective antituberculous drugs have radically improved the prognosis of the
      patient with active tuberculosis. Surgical therapy is rarely needed, and
      sanitoriums have largely vanished. Triple-drug therapy may be indicated initially
      for cavitary pulmonary disease, meningitis, miliary disease, and moderate to
      severe renal disease. Short-course therapy twice or three times weekly with
      isoniazid and rifampin may be used in cavitary pulmonary disease and probably in
      these other serious infections as well. Isoniazid alone is adequate for
      prophylaxis. The major cause of therapeutic failure is noncompliance of the
      patient in taking the medication regularly. The second major cause of treatment
      failure is resistance of tubercle bacilli to the antimicrobial agents used. When
      treatment failure is apparent, careful reassessment by physicians experienced in
      the treatment of tuberculosis is indicated. A single drug should never be added
      to a failing regimen.

PMID- 6834891
TI  - Antimicrobial agents in patients with renal insufficiency.
AB  - The dosage or the time interval of administration (or both) of many antimicrobial
      agents must be adjusted in anephric patients or those with compromised renal
      function. Antimicrobial agents that must be adjusted include most but not all of
      the penicillins, the cephalosporins, the aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The maximal doses of these agents should be
      decreased in proportion to the reduction of renal function. The dosage of
      chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampin, oxacillin, and nafcillin probably need
      not be adjusted if hepatic function is essentially normal. The suggested doses
      are relatively crude guidelines to initial antimicrobial therapy. Administration
      of the initial dose should be followed by serum antimicrobial assays for accurate
      adjustment of the dosage. The efficacy of therapy and the possible occurrence of
      toxicity should be carefully monitored in all patients but particularly in those
      with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 6834892
TI  - Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, 1950-1975. III.
      Effect of hypertension and its treatment on survival of patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The data in this blood pressure study were obtained from 1,069 patients who had
      their first manifestation of coronary artery disease during the 16-year period
      1960 through 1975. Case fatality rates (death within 30 days) were least in the
      normotensive and treated hypertensive patients with myocardial infarction and
      greatest in the untreated hypertensive patients. Women were less likely than men
      to acquire coronary artery disease, but a higher proportion of women with
      coronary artery disease had hypertension. Patients with definite hypertension
      were older than those with borderline hypertension, and patients with borderline
      hypertension were older than normotensive patients with coronary artery disease.
      The data demonstrate that hypertension is a prognostic factor of serious
      significance in patients who have symptomatic coronary artery disease, and the
      prognostic significance of borderline hypertension is almost as serious as that
      of definite hypertension in these patients. Treatment improved survival in
      patients with definite hypertension, and adequate treatment improved survival to
      a greater degree than did inadequate treatment.

PMID- 6834894
TI  - Splenic abscess--the importance of early diagnosis.
AB  - Intrasplenic abscess is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition. Successful
      management of patients with this complication is facilitated by early diagnosis.
      The salient clinical features, the diagnostic approaches, and the results of
      treatment in a group of 19 patients are presented. Splenic abscess was diagnosed
      ante mortem in two-thirds of the patients but preoperatively in only one-third.
      When the diagnosis of splenic abscess was made, treatment with splenectomy and
      antibiotics was associated with a 17% mortality. A high degree of clinical
      alertness, an awareness of the predisposing clinical conditions, and an
      aggressive diagnostic approach are emphasized as being essential for an early
      diagnosis and effective treatment of splenic abscess.

PMID- 6834895
TI  - Disopyramide-associated liver dysfunction.
AB  - A case of disopyramide-associated cholestatic jaundice is presented, and all
      reported cases of disopyramide-associated liver dysfunction are reviewed.
      Manifestations of liver dysfunction usually appear during the first week of
      treatment. Discontinuing administration of the drug often results in prompt
      clinical resolution, although in rare instances, laboratory abnormalities persist
      up to 18 months. Physicians should be aware of this rare but serious complication
      of disopyramide therapy.

PMID- 6834897
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy and survival of patients with atherosclerotic heart
      disease.

PMID- 6834893
TI  - A decline in carcinoma of the stomach. A diagnostic artifact?
AB  - During the past 50 years or more, a dramatic decline in the mortality from
      gastric carcinoma has been observed in virtually every country in the world,
      including the United States. Some investigators suspect that this decline is due
      to refinements in the diagnosis and classification of abdominal malignancies
      rather than being a true decline in the incidence of gastric cancer. Because the
      record system in Rochester, Minnesota, ensures the identification of virtually
      every patient in the local population with a serious illness, and the level of
      diagnosis is high, it seemed appropriate to study the incidence and long-term
      trends of gastric cancer in this community. Trend analysis for the period 1935
      through 1979 revealed a consistent decline in the incidence of gastric carcinoma
      whether death certificates as the sole source of cases were included or not.
      Analysis of either all clinically confirmed or only tissue-confirmed cases
      revealed a statistically significant decrease in stomach carcinoma throughout the
      study period. These declines were observed even if only the more recent periods
      (1955 through 1979) were examined. The reasons for this finding remain obscure,
      but the study suggests that improvements in diagnostic accuracy alone cannot
      account for this remarkable downward trend in gastric malignancy.

PMID- 6834898
TI  - On the pacemaker study.

PMID- 6834899
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis IX: introduction to orthopaedic management.

PMID- 6834896
TI  - Neurologic diseases and the cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin profile.

PMID- 6834901
TI  - Membership commitment: the key to successful public relations.

PMID- 6834900
TI  - Maryland Emergency Medical Service System (MEMSS). Thoracotomy for infected
      traumatic lung cyst: a case report.

PMID- 6834902
TI  - Fluoride use in private practice.

PMID- 6834903
TI  - Economic costs of schizophrenia: a postdischarge study.
AB  - Measurement of the costs of health care and work loss of chronic mental patients
      is a vital link between clinical care and political decisions. If costs
      associated with poor outcomes of deinstitutionalized patients are identified, the
      margin for investing in programs that could improve outcomes without raising
      overall costs is also identified. This study analyzed direct and indirect costs
      in the first year after 119 chronic schizophrenics, drawn from public and
      voluntary hospitals serving Manhattan's upper West Side, were discharged from the
      hospital. The main elements in direct costs were community aftercare,
      rehospitalizations, and general medical care. Wage loss was used as the measure
      of indirect costs and was based on comparison with national figures for similar
      age/sex/ethnic groups. The risk of rehospitalization is the principal factor
      affecting direct costs. Wage loss because of unemployment was substantial.
      Because use of vocational rehabilitation services was low, these findings suggest
      the importance of developing employment opportunities and appropriate work
      environments.

PMID- 6834904
TI  - The Health Services Research Labor Force in the United States.
AB  - In 1978, the Panel on Health Services Research Training of the Committee on a
      Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel surveyed
      former health services research trainees and principal investigators to get
      information about the supply, employment, research, and teaching activities of
      people in these two groups. The survey shows that federal support for the
      training of health services research personnel has generated a cadre of
      investigators who remain active in health services research. Former trainees
      represent a cohort of largely younger investigators who are doing research of a
      type once done by older principal investigators who today engage in more
      administration and do less research. Most health services researchers are
      employed in academic settings and do research in their field.

PMID- 6834905
TI  - A causal model for physician utilization: analysis of Norwegian data.
AB  - This article contains a causal model for physician utilization in Norway. The
      model relates enabling factors, predisposing factors, and perceived illness to
      physician utilization in a linear structural equation model. Our aim has been to
      study the effect of variables other than perceived illness on physician
      utilization. The results of the analysis indicate that the number of disability
      days because of illness and psychologic well-being are almost exclusively the
      only important variables in the explanation of physician utilization in Norway.

PMID- 6834906
TI  - Systematic analysis of clinician-patient interactions: a critique of recent
      approaches with suggestions for future research.
AB  - Clinician-patient interactions are an important, but poorly understood, feature
      of our personal health care system. Attributes of these interactions have been
      shown to affect the health care process and appear as well to be amenable to
      change, furnishing a rationale for their study. Communications theory provides
      useful guidelines for systematic analysis. Systems of interaction analysis should
      take account of information transfer occurring on different levels through a
      variety of behaviors, incorporate interaction context and sequence into
      categorization schemes, deal with the unique characteristics of clinical
      encounters, and lend themselves to clinical teaching. Application of these
      guidelines to three representative systems (Bales' Interaction Process Analysis,
      Stiles' Verbal Response Modes, and Katz's Resource Exchange Analysis) illustrates
      diverse strengths and weaknesses. Future research on clinician-patient
      interactions should include the development of new analysis systems, a broader
      research time frame, increased emphasis on antecedents of interactions, and
      implementation of controlled trials.

PMID- 6834908
TI  - Physician turnover in eight New England prepaid group practices: an analysis.
AB  - The objectives of this questionnaire study of all primary care physicians (N =
      154) who had ever worked in eight New England prepaid group practices (PGPs)
      include 1) calculation of turnover rates, 2) comparison of those who stayed in
      (stayers) versus those who left (leavers) the PGPs, and 3) description of reasons
      given for leaving. An annual turnover rate of 3.9 to 6.3 per cent, depending upon
      the measure, was within the range reported by others. Factors associated with
      stayer-leaver status were experiences before and during the physician's PGP
      tenure. Leavers reported pre-PGP experience in fee-for-service, hospital-based,
      and academic positions, and while in the PGPs, they reported constraints on
      autonomy, independence, and professional development. Leavers reported higher
      incomes and longer working hours in their new practices. They cited the potential
      for greater autonomy as the reason for leaving. The findings and study
      limitations are discussed.

PMID- 6834907
TI  - Satisfaction with medical care: replications and theoretic reevaluation.
AB  - Satisfaction with medical care is frequently measured in health services research
      but for many different reasons. The widening conceptualizations and uses of
      satisfaction reported make comparisons between studies difficult. Questions
      regarding the structure and dimensionality of satisfaction remain. The relation
      of satisfaction with utilization still requires theoretic and empiric
      clarification. This article reports on several surveys containing measures of
      satisfaction conducted in a research program in community pediatrics. Using
      multidimensional scaling techniques, the stability of the structure of
      satisfaction and patients' preferences for care is examined across several
      samples. The different structures that emerged seem to reflect unique patient
      experience. Several multivariate approaches were applied to study the relation
      between satisfaction and utilization. A regulatory self-equilibrating model was
      offered. Satisfaction is seen as a multifaceted concept related to short-term and
      long-term processes. Specific models are required to link satisfaction to the
      various health and illness behaviors.

PMID- 6834909
TI  - The growth of HMOs: issues of enrollment and disenrollment.
AB  - Persons who terminated membership in a prepaid group practice when compared with
      continuing members have less health problems as measured by bed disability and
      psychologic well-being, report access difficult and inconvenient, and are less
      likely to have established a stable relationship with a physician in the plan.
      Access is perceived as a problem by continuing members, as well as by a large
      proportion of disenrollees. Enrollees who join the plan on the basis of more
      direct knowledge of its actual operation are more likely to continue in the plan,
      but this is not accounted for by satisfaction levels. They are also more
      successful in establishing stable physician relationships.

PMID- 6834910
TI  - Out-of-plan use and disenrollment: outgrowths of dissatisfaction with a prepaid
      group plan.
AB  - Two opposing theories have been suggested to describe the relationships among
      member dissatisfaction with a prepaid group practice (PGP), the choice to go
      outside for care normally covered by the plan, and disenrollment from the PGP: 1)
      out-of-plan use--a consequence of dissatisfaction, precedes disenrollment and 2)
      dissatisfaction produces two independent effects--out-of-plan use and
      disenrollment. Preliminary results are reported on an evaluation of these
      relationships based on a sample of 1823 families at the Medical Care Group of St.
      Louis. Dissatisfaction is found to be the most important predictor of both out-of
      plan use and disenrollment. However, no direct relationship exists between the
      latter two variables. This result lends support for the model, which specifies
      that PGP members respond differently to dissatisfaction with the plan; some go
      outside the PGP for their care while others simply disenroll.

PMID- 6834911
TI  - Predicting physician utilization.
AB  - Previous research on physician utilization has shown that variables found
      significant in many traditional social psychologic studies (process models) often
      lack predictive strength if utilized in multivariate research (prediction
      models). To address this problem, a variable was created that measures both the
      presence of symptoms and the person's own evaluation of the necessity for medical
      care for the symptoms experienced. This variable is a relatively strong predictor
      of physician utilization. Analysis of findings suggests that future multivariate
      research on physician utilization consider a focus upon respondent evaluated
      symptoms (RES) and type of health care facility available.

PMID- 6834912
TI  - Surgical utilization statistics: some methodologic considerations.
AB  - This article considers variations in the recording and counting protocols used in
      the generation of surgical utilization data. A single raw data source was
      manipulated to reproduce several common protocols to illustrate the statistically
      significant differences that can result in the volume of surgical utilization
      considered for both individual procedures and groups of procedures. The results
      suggest that if recording or counting protocols differ in the samples under
      consideration, comparison of the statistics and inferences drawn as to
      utilization therein may be confounded. It is quite possible, therefore, that some
      of the results of earlier surgical utilization studies may be confounded by such
      differences in protocols. While there may be valid differences in surgical
      utilization across different settings, our findings suggest that until methods
      used in previous work are investigated and reconciled, caution should be
      exercised in the utilization of this research in public policy making.

PMID- 6834913
TI  - [Evaluation of the anti-platelet aggregation action of oxovinca in the diffuse
      vascular deterioration syndrome].

PMID- 6834914
TI  - [Polyneuropathy as a form of the primary presentation of leprosy].

PMID- 6834915
TI  - [Q fever: an epidemic outbreak in Basque country. Description of 10 cases].

PMID- 6834916
TI  - [Physicians and the health crisis].

PMID- 6834917
TI  - [Pseudohyperaldosteronism caused by ingestion of licorice].

PMID- 6834918
TI  - [Detection of a new case of absence of erythrocyte antigens of the Kell system
      (Peltz phenotype)].

PMID- 6834919
TI  - [Prinzmetal's variant angina pectoris simulating anterior myocardial infarct: the
      role of a focal septal block].

PMID- 6834920
TI  - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic and trauma surgery. A retrospective study
      and the results of a prospective protocol].

PMID- 6834921
TI  - [Transient ischemic attacks with a poor prognosis].

PMID- 6834922
TI  - [Study of drug use by adolescents in the Gijon area of Asturias].

PMID- 6834923
TI  - [Still's disease in the adult].

PMID- 6834924
TI  - [Electrophysiological effects of verapamil in patients with a short P-R and a
      normal QRS complex].

PMID- 6834925
TI  - [Adrenoleukodystrophy: neurological and endocrinological study. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 6834927
TI  - [Weber-Christian panniculitis with articular and hematological involvement].

PMID- 6834926
TI  - [Shy-Drager syndrome: clinical and hemodynamic study].

PMID- 6834928
TI  - [Cardiac echinococcosis].

PMID- 6834929
TI  - Ending the classification versus nomenclature controversy.

PMID- 6834931
TI  - The systematized nomenclature for medicine (SNOMED): its application to
      paediatric pathology.

PMID- 6834930
TI  - SNOMED-SNOVET: an information system for comparative medicine.

PMID- 6834932
TI  - The integration of nomenclature and classification: a collaboration of clinical
      experience, logic and computer science.

PMID- 6834933
TI  - International classifications for health and disease: the expandable common core
      concept.

PMID- 6834934
TI  - [Adverse effects and zimelidine therapy. Zimelidine-treated patients develop
      fever and disturbed liver function].

PMID- 6834935
TI  - [Autonomic nervous system--physiology and diagnosis].

PMID- 6834936
TI  - [Potentials of reconstructive plastic surgery in the area of the nose].
AB  - Reconstruction of defects in the nasal area is described. There are basic
      principles to be considered, especially the cause of the defect, which may be
      traumatical or due to a tumour. It makes a difference whether the defect is
      placed on the bridge of the nose or on the lobule, or if the columella or the
      alar areas are affected. Another point of view is the extent of the defect,
      especially if it is a penetrating defect. We have also to consider the side
      issues, such as recurrence of the tumour, or the condition after radiotherapy.
      There are four principal techniques for reconstructive surgery in the nose area:
      Local flaps, regional transpositional flaps, distant flaps, and free
      transplantation of tissue. The clinical application of the different
      possibilities of reconstructive surgery in the nasal area is discussed.

PMID- 6834937
TI  - [Pedicle transplants in rhinoplasty].
AB  - Successful reconstructive surgery in the nasal region requires knowledge of the
      technique of pedicle flap grafting, since these transplants constitute highest
      grade covering material as far as their quality, thickness, and colour are
      concerned. They are superior to free graft transplants, since after healing, the
      latter are visibly thinner under the adjacent skin and also differ from it in
      colour.

PMID- 6834938
TI  - [Reconstruction of the lower lip].
AB  - The author describes techniques for the reconstruction of the lower lip,
      especially the wedge-shaped excision, the methods developed by Dieffenbach,
      Langenbeck, Estlander, Gillies, Weerda, Bernard and Grimm. Using the double
      Gillies fan flap, labial vessels are preserved because of the lack of circulary
      anastomoses in 75% and lack of anastomoses in the middle line of the upper lip in
      60% and of the lower lip in 32% of the cases. Several examples are given.

PMID- 6834939
TI  - [Indications and limitations for myocutaneous island flaps in reconstructive head
      and neck surgery].

PMID- 6834940
TI  - [Fibroxanthomatosis of the larynx].

PMID- 6834941
TI  - [Incidence of regional metastasis in supraglottic carcinoma].
AB  - In 348 patients with supraglottic carcinoma 154 (44%) had palpable lymph nodes.
      Only 26% of the patients treated surgically showed histologically abnormal nodes
      in the neck. The incidence of regional metastasis increased to 33% including
      latent lymph node metastasis. There were 4 patients (5%) with positive nodes on
      histologic examination which had not been detected clinically (N0). In N1- and N2
      patients, histologically positive nodes were found in 41% and 29%, respectively.
      A fixed node (N3) was nearly always a positive node. Postoperative TNM
      classification is very important in terms of prognosis of the supraglottic
      carcinoma. The presence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes decreased the 5
      year-survival rate from 64% to 43%. Because of the high frequency of lymphatic
      metastases of the supraglottic carcinoma, the aim of radical surgery should
      include the removal of regional metastases and of the potential bilateral avenues
      of spread. This principle is indicated even though lymph nodes may not be
      palpable in partial laryngectomy.

PMID- 6834942
TI  - [Histological findings of the mucosa of the larynx in healthy individuals].
AB  - A histological study of the laryngeal mucosa was carried out in one hundred
      biopsy specimens taken out, within the first 24 hours after death, from
      individuals who didn't die because of laryngeal disease. The histological
      findings were correlated with regard to the age, sex and habits of these
      individuals and led to the following observations: 1. The squamous epithelium was
      found to line the laryngeal mucosa in other sites beyond the vocal cords and
      regardless of the age and sex. 2. Metaplasia and dysplasia of the laryngeal
      epithelium appear to develop progressively on growing. These lesions are mainly
      extended to the vocal cords and to the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis in
      individuals who live in large, crowded cities with high atmospheric pollution as
      well as in heavy smokers. Contrary to the men, the women show a reduced tendency
      towards the development of such lesions on the laryngeal epithelium. 3. Where the
      squamous epithelium emerges into the submucosa, forming crypt-like formations, it
      appears to be more hyperplastic and more dysplastic. 4. In cases where an
      extended laryngeal sac was observed the epithelium of the vocal cords presented
      an extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.

PMID- 6834943
TI  - [Lymphangioma--a rare cause of a space-occupying lesion at the base of the
      skull].
AB  - A case of an extremely rare lymphangioma of the sphenoid sinus in a 58-year-old
      woman is described in order to discuss the histogenesis, histopathology, and
      clinical symptomatology of lymphangiomas located in the base of the skull. The
      clinically silent course for many years is typical, as is the onset of acute
      symptoms after bleeding into the tumour. The therapy of choice is to achieve
      decompression. Prior to this, an aneurysma or a hemangioma should be excluded by
      fine-needle puncture or by puncture cytology.

PMID- 6834944
TI  - [Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia--a contribution to the differential
      diagnosis of cervical soft tissue tumours].

PMID- 6834945
TI  - [Reconstruction of defects in the area of the dorsum of the nose and the naso
      canthal angle].
AB  - Reconstruction of defects in the area of the naso-canthal angle is described.
      There are four possibilities of a defective closure: 1.) primary wound closure
      2.) regional flaps 3.) distant flaps 4.) free transplants. For clinical
      application the regional flaps are most frequently used, and hence they are
      discussed in detail. These flaps can be prepared from the regions of the nose,
      forehead, and cheek; combined methods are also possible. The techniques of
      distant flaps are not described, since they form the subject of a separate paper.
      Free transplants are used in exceptional cases only, in which we prefer the
      composite grafts. Several graphical representations and clinical illustrations
      are added.

PMID- 6834946
TI  - Complications after surgery for otosclerosis.
AB  - This study was based on a detailed review of 503 cases of otosclerosis that were
      operated upon by me from 1961 to 1968. The vicissitudes of anesthesia,
      disequilibrium, dead ears and unexpected emotional abberations as well as legal
      and technical problems are discussed. Stapedectomy has been one of the most
      rewarding and technically challenging procedures that has come along in my career
      so far in medicine.

PMID- 6834947
TI  - Problems with surgical (RLN section) treatment of spastic dysphonia.
AB  - For over a century spastic dysphonia--a disorder of phonation--remained enigmatic
      and highly resistant to treatment. Recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery provides
      patients with elimination of their spastic dysphonia symptoms. Maintenance of
      long-term surgical results has been a problem in some cases. Management of this
      problem and of problems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with spastic
      dysphonia are discussed. The observations and conclusions are based on almost 300
      patients examined and/or treated for this disorder.

PMID- 6834948
TI  - Preliminary report on complications of the extended cervicofacial rhytidectomy.
AB  - The facelift is one of the major surgical procedures for facial rejuvenation.
      Over the years it has evolved from local skin excisions to wide undermining and
      manipulation of the subcutaneous layers. Presently, controversy exists concerning
      the extent of undermining. Minimal flap undermining is felt to give less than an
      optimum cosmetic result that in turn only lasts for a very short period of time,
      while more extensive procedures are thought to jeopardize the patient with
      increasing morbidity from associated complications. Since 1978, the author has
      been a strong proponent of the widely undermined facelift with concomitant
      excision and rotation of the subcutaneous layers. A review of the patients done
      since 1978, who had the more extensive operation, was undertaken to determine the
      incidence of postoperative complications. Even though the series is small, the
      results are encouraging.

PMID- 6834949
TI  - Complications of the treatment of malignant external otitis.
AB  - Malignant external otitis is an aggressive, potentially lethal infection of the
      temporal bone, the treatment of which is often fraught with complications. Among
      the reasons for these complications are the difficulty in assessing the extent of
      this disease, the uncertainty in determining the point at which treatment can be
      terminated, the toxic nature of the antibiotics used, and the technical
      difficulty of performing any surgery on the infected tissues. In those patients
      who receive inadequate initial therapy, the further extension of the disease
      itself represents a complication of treatment.

PMID- 6834950
TI  - Complications after treatment of chronic maxillary sinus disease with Caldwell
      Luc procedure.
AB  - This short article deals with a review of the indications of the Caldwell-Luc
      operation. It attempts to point out that the Caldwell-Luc operation is not
      without complications and it is frequently associated with one or more of these.
      Various cases are sited illustrating this. A study examining 70 consecutive
      patients treated surgically by the author and 2 associates from 1972-1975 was
      done. One-fourth of these were treated with intranasal procedures alone. The
      remainder were treated with Caldwell-Luc, and most Caldwell-Lucs were performed
      for intrasinus disease. The surgical technique is described followed by the
      indications for each. The postoperative problems are discussed and were found to
      be significant with recurrent sinusitis being most common. The remaining
      complications are likewise discussed. In summary, the Caldwell-Luc operation has
      been employed for about 90 years for various indications. The indications expand
      with time; however, this seemingly benign operation is not without its incidence
      of complications and the morbidity is far greater than most of us often realize.

PMID- 6834951
TI  - Complications in surgery for stomal recurrences.
AB  - Stomal recurrences are diffuse epidermoid carcinomas of the tracheostoma. There
      is a 8.3% incidence associated with patients having a total laryngectomy. Most
      can be prevented by several prophylactic measures; however, surgery may be
      required. The procedure advocated is mediastinal dissection and its surgical
      technique is outlined. Recently the use of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap has
      greatly diminished morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. The
      complications that may be encountered with mediastinal dissection have been
      categorized and analyzed. The dynamic interplay of these complications is
      stressed. Separately, each complication is formidible, but collectively, they may
      be overwhelming. This entire web of complications is synergistic and at times
      fatal. In essence, the motto of the surgeon when operating on a patient with a
      stomal recurrence should be eternal vigilance.

PMID- 6834952
TI  - Complications associated with the surgical treatment of cholesteatoma.
AB  - The surgical complications associated with a cholesteatoma are predictable
      preoperatively depending upon the location of a cholesteatoma. If the patient has
      an attic cholesteatoma the surgeon can anticipate postoperatively a dry ear,
      minimal chance of a persistent or recurrent cholesteatoma, a satisfactory hearing
      restoration, and, although a mastoidectomy is usually necessary, the size of the
      mastoid cavity in an adult can be extremely small. If a patient has a middle ear
      cholesteatoma the surgeon can anticipate postoperatively a relatively high
      incidence of moist ears, persistent or recurrent cholesteatoma, and an
      unsatisfactory hearing result. However, rarely will the creation of a mastoid
      cavity be necessary as rarely will mastoidectomy be required. Although most of
      the children "before puberty" in the study had middle ear cholesteatomas, all
      children, regardless of the location of cholesteatoma, had a higher incidence of
      surgical failure than did adults.

PMID- 6834953
TI  - Complications of free tissue grafts for glottic reconstruction.

PMID- 6834954
TI  - Complications after surgical management of the paralyzed larynx.
AB  - Patients suffering from uni or bilateral laryngeal paralysis frequently require
      surgical management for best possible rehabilitation. As with any surgical
      procedure the potential for complications or less than optimal results exists.
      The Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeon who wishes to provide best possible
      care for his patient must understand not only the indications for these surgical
      procedures, but also the complications that may be expected, so that every
      possible effort can be made to avoid or minimize them.

PMID- 6834955
TI  - Facial nerve decompression complications.
AB  - Every structure contained within the temporal bone in close proximity to the
      facial nerve is at risk during intratemporal bone surgery on the facial nerve. We
      present a review of the causes of injuries to these structures and of ways to
      prevent such injuries. This review includes information drawn from pertinent
      literature, from the author's experience managing 139 patients undergoing
      temporal bone surgery for a variety of facial nerve disorders between 1974 and
      1981, from an analysis of 43 of our patients whose hearing was evaluated before
      transmastoid facial nerve surgery and again 6 months after surgery, and from the
      experiences of colleagues. We found that the most frequent complication of
      intratemporal facial nerve surgery is auditory involvement. An air-bone gap of 15
      dB or greater was noted in 14% of the 43 patients studied and a sensorineural
      loss, primarily at the 4000 and 8000 cycles, occurred in 51% of these patients. A
      decrease in discrimination of 15% or greater was noted in 7% of patients, and a
      shift in speech reception threshold of 15 dB or greater was noted in 16% of the
      patients. Twelve percent of the patients had tinnitus following surgery and 5%
      required a hearing aid as a result of a combined sensorineural and conductive
      hearing loss which occurred in their better hearing ear as a result of surgery.
      Structures less commonly injured during transmastoid decompression of the facial
      nerve included the facial nerve itself, the chorda tympani nerve, the balance
      function of the labyrinth, the cochlea, the ossicles, the sigmoid sinus and
      superior petrosal vein, the middle meningeal artery and the stylomastoid artery,
      the dura, and the brain. We review all of these complications, as well as discuss
      the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak and infection which also may result
      from this type of surgery.

PMID- 6834956
TI  - Long-term complications of radiotherapy confronting the head and neck surgeon.

PMID- 6834957
TI  - Complications of conservation surgery of the laryngopharynx.
AB  - Conservation surgery of the larynx describes various surgical techniques which
      are generally used in the management of neoplastic conditions involving the
      larynx or the laryngopharynx. By utilizing these partial resections of the
      larynx, the phonotary and protective functions of the organ are preserved, as
      well as an adequate laryngeal lumen for breathing without compromising the
      patient's overall survival rate. In the majority of instances, conservation
      surgery of the larynx is carried out with only a low incidence of complications.
      When proper surgical technique is followed, the metabolic condition of the
      patient is acceptable, and the blood supply to the tissues subjected to surgery
      remains good, the incidence of complications is low. Alternatively, if surgery is
      undertaken when conditions are not totally correct or are marginal, the
      complication rate rises accordingly. This paper will summarize the complications
      which occur more commonly when undertaking this type of surgery and will describe
      some of the circumstances in which a higher incidence of complications can be
      expected to occur.

PMID- 6834958
TI  - Surgery for nasal obstruction--evaluation by rhinomanometry.
AB  - Nasal obstruction is predominantly a subjective patient complaint. The physical
      examination of the nose for nasal obstruction is a subjective evaluation as well.
      While the history and physical examination are reasonable diagnostic indicators,
      an objective means of evaluation is needed. Rhinomanometry measures nasal
      obstruction objectively and reliably. Thirty-six patients with nasal obstruction
      were evaluated by rhinomanometry before and after nasal surgery. The results are
      reported here. Rhinomanometry confirms the effectiveness of intranasal surgery.
      Using rhinomanometry, various techniques of intranasal surgery are evaluated, and
      several interesting observations are made.

PMID- 6834959
TI  - Behavior of cancer at the anterior commissure of the larynx.
AB  - The present research is concerned with the behavior of the vestibular cancer with
      respect to the portion of the anterior commissure of the larynx which the authors
      have named the "x-space." The research is based on the analysis of semiseriated
      vertical sections showing cancers of the vestibule in stages T1 and T2 with
      histological gradings 1 and 2. The specimens show that, at least in the early
      stages of the neoplastic spread, the fibrous structures of the x-space act as a
      fairly effective barrier to deep diffusion of the tumor. This fact enables the
      surgeon to estimate macroscopically the lower borders of the tumor growth on the
      basis of the superficial spread of the cancer in the zone of the x-space.

PMID- 6834960
TI  - Prostatic and laryngeal malignancies: common or uncommon multiple occurrence?
AB  - The presence of multiple primary malignancies involving the head and neck has
      been well documented. The majority of second primaries appear within the
      respiratory system. Few reports exist describing multiple primary malignancies
      involving the larynx and the prostate. This paper reports on four cases of
      primary laryngeal and prostatic neoplasms. Physical findings and laboratory work
      up necessary for diagnosis of these lesions are reviewed. The dilemma of the
      proper therapeutic course based on the histological grading and pathological
      staging is presented. Suggestions for treatment based on the prognosis of the
      disease that is present are offered.

PMID- 6834962
TI  - Cervical tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Four unusual cases of cervical tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are presented. The
      incidence, diagnosis and treatment of cervical TEF are discussed. Surgically, if
      the location is above the level of T2 a cervical approach may be utilized. The
      cases included a cervical "H" type TEF occurring in an adult. Congenital "H" type
      TEFs frequently occur in the neck. An adult presenting with a cervical "H" type
      TEF, having as an infant undergone repair of a thoracic TEF, is unique. Two layer
      closure of both trachea and esophagus with strap muscle interposition is
      preferred. The other cases include a TEF secondary to metastatic breast
      carcinoma, one associated with a stomal recurrence, and an acquired TEF following
      laryngectomy. Metastatic breast carcinoma resulting in a TEF is reported for the
      first time. Malignant TEF's are usually secondary to carcinoma of the esophagus,
      lung, or thyroid. Best palliation is achieved either by esophageal intubation, by
      colon bypass, or by gastric pull-up with esophageal exclusion. Stomal recurrence
      with TEF following laryngectomy is treated with one-stage resection and
      reconstruction with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and gastric pull-up. A
      patient 5 years post-laryngectomy illustrates an acquired non-malignant cervical
      TEF, a category which includes fistulas due to trauma, tracheotomy, or
      endotracheal tubes, instrumentation, and inflammatory disease. Prompt surgical
      closure as in congenital cases is the treatment of choice although select cases
      require medical therapy.

PMID- 6834963
TI  - Identification and functional recording of the recurrent nerve by electrical
      stimulation during neck surgery.
AB  - A method for identification and functional recording of the recurrent nerve
      during neck operations is described. The basic principle implicates electrical
      stimulation of the recurrent nerve causing adduction of the vocal cord registered
      by means of a balloon placed between the vocal cords. Three different recording
      methods have been tested in animal experiments and during 26 neck operations on
      patients. The most simple method employed is recommended as a routine procedure,
      likely to reduce surgical damage to the recurrent nerve.

PMID- 6834961
TI  - Nasopharyngeal lipoma.
AB  - Though lipoma is a common tumor in many anatomic sites throughout the body, its
      occurrence in the nasopharynx is extremely rare, with only several cases being
      reported in the literature. We describe a 17-year-old female with a
      nasopharyngeal lipoma. The mass had been present for at least 5 years and,
      despite its large size, was asymptomatic.

PMID- 6834964
TI  - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution.
      Advantages of the T-tube for short and long-term middle ear ventilation.
AB  - The T-tube has several advantages that should be considered when selecting a
      ventilation tube. First, it remains in place much longer than the average tube;
      thus allowing the physician, rather than chance, to determine when the tube
      should be removed. Second, it can be removed painlessly without an anesthetic
      when indicated. Third, it does not have the problem of a high post-removal
      perforation rate such as seen with other long term tubes. Fourth, it can be
      easily modified to suit the needs of the patient and the physician.

PMID- 6834965
TI  - Autoimmune reactivity in Meniere's disease: a preliminary report.
AB  - Autoimmune inner ear disease was first described by McCabe in 1979. The diagnosis
      is supported by cell mediated immune responses to inner ear membrane antigen
      stimulation. Meniere's disease consists of episodic vertigo, fluctuating
      sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and often aural pressure. Although most
      clinicians feel that Meniere's disease has no known cause, recently several
      researchers have suggested that some cases of Meniere's disease may be autoimmune
      in origin. In the present study, 10 patients with bilateral Meniere's disease
      were studied prospectively for autoimmune inner ear disease using both cellular
      and humoral immune tests. Results were compared with normal control subjects. One
      additional patient with Meniere's disease was identified retrospectively to have
      positive autoimmune test results. Preliminary conclusions suggest that at least
      some cases of presumed idiopathic Meniere's disease are autoimmune in origin.
      Therapeutic implications are significant: the addition of steroids, cytotoxic
      drugs and/or apheresis to conventional treatment may help prevent total deafness
      which otherwise might be inevitable.

PMID- 6834966
TI  - Sternohyoid myofascial flap reconstruction of the larynx for vertical partial
      laryngectomy.
AB  - Reconstruction of the larynx for vertical partial laryngectomy is of paramount
      importance in eventual voice and deglutition rehabilitation. Many different
      methods of laryngeal reconstruction have been tried attesting to the challenge of
      minimizing hoarseness and aspiration after this type of surgery. During the past
      decade the scope of partial laryngeal surgery has broadened, mandating more
      extensive reconstructive procedures in order to acceptably rehabilitate upper
      aerodigestive function. During the past 6 years the author has employed a
      superiorly-based sternohyoid myofascial flap to reconstruct the larynx after
      vertical partial laryngectomy in 31 patients. Swallowing was resumed in all
      patients without significant aspiration. Although decannulation was delayed in 8
      patients, all patients were eventually extubated. Voice quality was considered
      far superior to other reconstructive methods formerly used by the author.

PMID- 6834967
TI  - Phrenic nerve graft for bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
AB  - For bilateral vocal cord paralysis, the phrenic nerve graft procedure has been
      used in five patients. Data from four of these patients suggest that the
      technique may in some way improve the glottic airway without long-term
      diaphragmatic paralysis. No patient to date has demonstrated visible inspiratory
      vocal cord abduction however. The mechanism of action, if any, is unclear at this
      time, and we have no electromyographic nor other physiologic data to confirm that
      true posterior cricoarytenoid muscle reinnervation has taken place.

PMID- 6834968
TI  - Transoral partial supraglottic resection using the CO2 laser.
AB  - Transoral epiglottis resection or partial supraglottic resection was done with
      the CO2 laser in 20 highly selected patients. Visualization was best accomplished
      using the Lynch suspension system, but was satisfactory with the Jako-Pilling
      laryngoscope. The best indications for this procedure were: 1. for visualization
      of the true vocal cords in previously treated cancer patients whose epiglottis
      obstructed indirect mirror examination, 2. for removal of obstructing benign
      epiglottic lesions, 3. as an excisional biopsy in limited epiglottic cancer,
      especially of the suprahyoid epiglottis. No major complications or operative
      morbidity occurred. This approach obviated the potential morbidity of external
      surgical procedures In a select group of patients. Shortened hospitalization,
      avoidance of tracheotomy, minimal postoperative discomfort and edema, and
      excellent wound healing were additional advantages seen.

PMID- 6834969
TI  - Sternohyoid myo-osseous flap for acquired subglottic stenosis in children.
AB  - Endotracheal intubation can occasionally result in acquired subglottic stenosis
      (ASGS) in infants and children. Twenty-one consecutive patients, ages 3 months to
      13 years, with ASGS secondary to endotracheal intubation and severe enough to
      require tracheotomy, are reviewed. Of this population, eight cases of ASGS were
      refractory to endoscopic excision and dilatation. These eight patients, five of
      whom had complete stenosis, underwent subglottic reconstruction using a
      sternohyoid myo-osseus flap. Six of the eight patients had been successfully
      decannulated with no evidence of recurrent stenosis at the time of this report.

PMID- 6834970
TI  - Microscopic sinus surgery, transnasal ethmoidectomy and sphenoidectomy.
AB  - Intranasal ethmoid surgery has traditionally been a "blind procedure" using
      monocular vision, the delicate control of instruments being less than optimal.
      The addition of the operating microscope with a special self-retraining retractor
      speculum is presented in a series of 87 patients over 7 years, 49 of these having
      had transethmo-sphenoidectomy. Evaluation, anatomy, technique and results are
      discussed. Whereas the rate of serious complications is reported at 3% in large
      series, there were no complications in this series. The results of 181
      microscopic antrostomies is also discussed. This technique offers considerable
      added safety to the patient, more self-confidence to the surgeon with binocular
      vision and much better control of instruments, and allows a more adequate
      procedure because of less fear of dreaded complications.

PMID- 6834971
TI  - Primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the anterior neck.
AB  - Cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is quite rare. We describe a case of
      extrasalivary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the head and neck region. The
      theories dealing with the origin of these tumors in the sweat and salivary glands
      are discussed, and the literature concerning these lesions reviewed. We believe
      this to be the first description of an extrasalivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in
      the head and neck region or other sites that normally contain mucous glands.

PMID- 6834972
TI  - Juvenile laryngeal papilloma: histologic and photometric evaluation of atypia.
AB  - Juvenile papillomas are the most common proliferative laryngeal lesion in
      children. Atypia may be present but is difficult to interpret owing to the
      basically benign character of the lesion. A histologic and clinical
      classification of 23 cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomas was performed
      following the criteria suggested by Quick and co-workers in 1979 and intended to
      enable the clinical course to be more accurately predicted. The various
      histologic types of papillomas were characterized by single-cell
      microdensitometry. The photometric study verified the increase in the relative
      width of the proliferative zone with the degree of atypia. Severe atypia was the
      only histologic type associated with hypertetraploid nuclei. The frequent
      occurrence of mild atypia was unrelated to the clinical course. The moderate and
      severe degrees of atypia were more common during periods of relatively frequent
      operations. Severe atypia was rare but in one patient it heralded the development
      of invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 6834973
TI  - Floor of mouth cancer: patient selection and treatment results.
AB  - Retrospective review of 126 primarily treated floor of mouth (FOM) cancers was
      done to study patient selection and to search for more optimum treatment
      strategies. Small surface lesions were treated by local excision (LE); small
      lesions invading FOM without lymph nodes were treated by radiation alone (RA),
      while larger lesions and those with palpable nodes were treated by preoperative
      irradiation and surgery (R + S). Ultimate control of the FOM cancer and nodes was
      achieved for 100% of the LE, 71% of the RA, and 75% of the R + S patients. The
      majority of primary tumor and nodal recurrences developed by 15 months and 35% of
      the failures were salvaged by additional treatment. Change in treatment
      strategies are suggested for surface lesions because of a poor rate of initial
      tumor control (43%), for patients treated by RA because of a high rate of
      complications (41%), and for patients without palpable lymph nodes who can be
      successfully treated by elective neck irradiation.

PMID- 6834974
TI  - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: report of a case.
AB  - Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for as high as 75% of all malignant
      skin tumors, its metastatic rate is only 0.1%. Predisposing factors for
      metastasis are generally thought to be: 1. a head and neck primary BCC; 2. a long
      standing lesion; 3. deep local invasion with ulceration. This paper presents a
      patient with metastatic BCC with a history of other malignancies and probable
      immune system compromise. These factors should also alert the clinician to the
      possibility of metastatic BCC.

PMID- 6834975
TI  - Otolaryngologic complications of acute porphyria.
AB  - The porphyrias are a group of diseases which may be complicated by acute
      neurological crises having serious morbidity and a high rate of mortality. We
      report a case of acute porphyria in which an acute neurological crisis, resulting
      in loss of laryngeal function, precipitated life-threatening aspiration
      pneumonia.

PMID- 6834976
TI  - Flap reconstruction of the upper face: free flaps vs. lower trapezius
      myocutaneous flap.
AB  - The immediate one-stage reconstruction of the upper facial cutaneous defects were
      performed by using two different flaps. In the first representative patient a
      microvascular free flap was used; in a second case, the lower trapezius
      myocutaneous flap was used. Free flaps probably are ideal for the correction of
      such defects in one stage. This procedure requires specially trained surgical
      teams and longer operative time. A reliable alternative is the lower trapezius
      myocutaneous island flap. This offers a flap that is thin, hairless and of
      uniform thickness. The length and thickness of its pedicle allows excellent
      mobility and leaves no bulky neck deformity. Both these reconstructive techniques
      satisfy the need for viable replacement in large upper facial and scalp defects
      coupled with a satisfactory cosmetic outcome.

PMID- 6834977
TI  - Acute epiglottitis: current management.
AB  - Two hundred and sixty-one cases of acute epiglottitis treated at the Montreal
      Children's Hospital between 1951 and 1980 are reviewed. Clinical features of the
      disease are described. Treatment protocol at a major children's hospital is
      presented. Statistics related to age, season and sex are analyzed. The authors
      compare nasotracheal intubation and tracheostomy as primary treatment.
      Bacteriology and antibiotic treatment are updated.

PMID- 6834978
TI  - Nasopharyngeal hamartoma: report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - The uncommon benign developmental malformation, nasopharyngeal hamartoma, is
      reported with a review of the literature. Nasopharyngeal hamartoma can be divided
      into two types based on the histologic presentation. A more common type is
      composed predominantly of mesodermal tissues while a less common type, as
      reported in this study, is composed of a spectrum of mucosal epithelial,
      serous/mucinous gland, and stromal elements. Four additional cases of this less
      common type of nasopharyngeal hamartoma were found in the literature and are
      discussed with reference to age, sex, presenting symptoms, location, size, and
      histology.

PMID- 6834979
TI  - Nasolacriminal dysfunction.
AB  - This investigation describes the normal function of the lacrimal drainage system
      of the eye. The intent of the presentation is to illustrate by clinical examples
      and pertinent literature, those alterations of normal function occurring from
      obstruction, trauma, or neoplasm. Sixty-nine patients with lacrimal dysfunction
      are included; 19 are offered in detail to illustrate principles of surgical
      management. It is not within the scope of this discussion to examine any
      condition which may cause primary hyperlacrimation or hypolacrimation, but to
      discuss: 1. the role of trauma as a cause of lacrimal drainage dysfunction. 2.
      the role of surgery in the prevention of lacrimal dysfunction, and 3. the role of
      surgery in the restoration of function. Among 18 patients with non-traumatic
      obstruction treated by silicone stenting, previous multiple dilatations treatment
      was associated with a higher rate of failure than in those patients not
      previously treated by multiple dilatations. Forty percent of 96 patients with
      facial fractures of the medial orbit had obstructive nasolacrimal symptoms; 79%
      of the 96 patients' symptoms cleared spontaneously; 15% required treatment. No
      incidence of significant iatrogenic trauma (requiring surgical treatment) was
      found in reviewing 1292 cases of rhinoplasty, rhinoseptoplasty, blepharoplasty,
      or sinus surgery. Normal function and physiology are reviewed. From the
      experiences of 69 patients emerge clinically proven methods of surgical
      management of lacrimal system obstruction. These methods are defined and then
      compared and contrasted to traditional methods and concepts. When there is
      disagreement or no consensus, alternate theories are discussed in attempting to
      explain those clinical conditions which seem to defy accepted principles. This
      presentation includes cases which have been managed by surgeons other than the
      author and who have been trained in fields other than otolaryngology. The cases
      offered in detail have been managed by the author.

PMID- 6834980
TI  - "How I do it"--head and neck and plastic surgery. A targeted problem and its
      solution. Use of set-back tongue flap for carcinoma of the base of tongue
      following supraglottic laryngectomy.

PMID- 6834982
TI  - Bedside tracheotomy.

PMID- 6834981
TI  - Use of mirrors with the CO2 laser.

PMID- 6834983
TI  - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution.
      Meatoplasty and conchoplasty in cases of open technique.

PMID- 6834984
TI  - Tracheostoma vent and voice prosthesis.

PMID- 6834985
TI  - Tryptophan feeding adversely influences pregnancy.
AB  - Additional tryptophan during pregnancy reduces embryo and neonate survival in the
      golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Relatively small doses of exogenous
      serotonin have been reported to cause abortions in several vertebrate species (1,
      2, 3, 4, 5). Smaller doses reduce litter sizes, increase still births and neonate
      abnormalities, and otherwise influence pregnancy adversely. These effects are
      produced by serotonin throughout pregnancy, beginning at implantation (6). The
      availability of tryptophan is probably the most important rate limiting factor in
      serotonin synthesis (7). Inasmuch as tryptophan is an essential amino acid and is
      not synthesized by the body, the diet is the sole source; studies have shown that
      increases (8) or decreases (9) in dietary tryptophan lead to concomitant changes
      in serotonin content. Because tryptophan is employed in humans to promote sleep
      (10, 11, 12) and to decrease appetite (13) we felt it might be important to test
      whether increased amounts of diet tryptophan can adversely influence pregnancy.

PMID- 6834986
TI  - Chronic hyperprolactinemia reduces peripheral beta-adrenergic responsiveness in
      male rats.
AB  - The MtTW15 prolactin (PRL) secreting adenoma elevated serum PRL concentrations
      over controls within 5 weeks after tissue implantation. This treatment resulted
      in a significant reduction of peripheral beta-adrenergic responsiveness as
      assessed by three different parameters. Isoproterenol-induced thirst was
      significantly attenuated in the MtTW15 rats. The decrease in the thirst response
      was proportional to the increase in serum PRL. Unanesthetized heart rates of both
      groups were not significantly different before isoproterenol was administered.
      However, following administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist the heart rate
      response in rats with elevated PRL was significantly attenuated when compared to
      the controls. Elevation of serum PRL virtually abolished the elevation of tail
      skin temperature response associated with administration of isoproterenol.
      Collectively, these results suggest hyperprolactinemia reduces peripheral beta
      adrenergic responsiveness; however the mechanism for this reduced response
      remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 6834987
TI  - Rhythms in immunoreactive melatonin in the retina and Harderian gland of rats:
      persistence after pinealectomy.
AB  - Immunoreactive melatonin levels were measured in the retina and Harderian gland
      of adult male rats throughout a 24 hour period. The animals were maintained under
      a light:dark cycle of 14:10 (lights on at 0600h). In intact animals,
      immunoreactive melatonin values in both organs exhibited a 24h rhythm with peak
      levels being measured at 0800h, 2 hours after lights on. Pinealectomy
      significantly increased peak levels at 0800h in both the retina and the Harderian
      gland. Gonadectomy abolished the peak retinal melatonin levels at 0800h.
      Likewise, continual light exposure for 1 week depressed the melatonin peak in the
      retina but not in the Harderian gland.

PMID- 6834988
TI  - Cation specificity of 3H-sulpiride binding involves alteration in the number of
      striatal binding sites.
AB  - Specific 3H-sulpiride binding to rat striatal membranes shows an absolute
      requirement for the presence of sodium ions in the incubation buffer. Potassium,
      rubidium and caesium ions were unable to initiate specific 3H-sulpiride binding
      in a sodium free buffer, and lithium ions could only partially replace sodium
      ions. Specific 3H-spiperone binding was unaffected by variation of the cation
      content of the incubation buffer. The alteration in 3H-sulpiride binding caused
      by sodium and lithium ions was due predominantly to an increase in the number of
      available binding sites, rather than to altered receptor affinity. Sodium ions
      may be essential for the accessability of 3H-sulpiride to a single site labelled
      also by 3H-spiperone. However, the Ki value for sulpiride displacement of 3H
      spiperone in the presence of sodium ions was 20 times greater than the KD value
      for 3H-sulpiride binding. So, 3H-sulpiride may interact with a highly sodium
      dependent binding site distinct from that labelled by 3H-spiperone.

PMID- 6834989
TI  - The residual effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment on the neuroleptic binding
      assay in rats.
AB  - Chronic chlorpromazine administration to rats (25 mg/Kg/day) for 30 days followed
      by a washout period of 10 days resulted in an increase in both the measured
      maximum number of binding sites, Bmax, and the apparent dissociation constant,
      Kd, for the binding of 3H-spiroperidol to neural membranes of the brain. When
      membrane suspensions were progressively diluted before the binding assay, it was
      found that the apparent Bmax did not change with dilution, remaining higher in
      membranes of chlorpromazine-treated rats than in controls. The apparent increase
      in Kd, on the other hand, was found to be an artifact of the assay. Thus
      extrapolation of the measured or apparent Kd value to infinite dilution resulted
      in identical value for Kd regardless of the treatment.

PMID- 6834990
TI  - Effects of lysophosphoglycerides on cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - The accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides has been implicated as an important
      biochemical factor for cardiac arrhythmias. Recently, we demonstrated that
      lysophosphatidylcholine caused cardiac arrhythmias in the isolated hamster heart.
      In this study, the arrhythmogenic nature of various lysophosphoglycerides with
      respect to acyl chain lengths and base groups were assessed. We demonstrated that
      all naturally occurring lysolipids tested were arrhythmogenic at 0.05-0.10 mM.
      Arrhythmias were also observed with Triton X-100 or sodium laurylsulfate at 0.05
      0.10 mM. Our data suggests that no correlation exists between the arrhythmogenic
      nature of the lysolipids and their critical micelle concentrations. We postulate
      that arrhythmias are produced by the detergent effect of lysophosphoglycerides.

PMID- 6834991
TI  - Circadian and circannual variation of the carrageenin inflammatory effect in rat.
AB  - The circadian variation of edema produced by carrageenin (carr.) administration
      into plantar tissue was studied in rats kept under a 12 light - 12 dark regimen.
      Three doses were used (125, 250 and 500 micrograms per rat) injected at different
      time (02.00, 08,00, 14.00 and 20.00 h). With the high doses, the level of edema
      for the four hour period after carr. administration was similar whatever the hour
      of injection. In contrast, with the lower dose (125 micrograms) a circadian
      rhythm in the intensity of the edema produced was observed, showing a maximum of
      susceptibility during the light span. Repetitive experiments performed at
      different periods of the year validated this finding. Comparing mean mesors,
      analysis of this data showed two distinct levels of inflammation, with the lower
      level observed in autumn and winter indicating evidence for a circannual
      variability.

PMID- 6834992
TI  - Thiamine absorption across human buccal mucosa in vivo.

PMID- 6834993
TI  - Cardiac neural discharge and epileptogenic activity in the cat: an animal model
      for unexplained death.
AB  - This study developed an animal model to explore the hypothesis that altered
      autonomic function may be one cause for unexplained sudden epileptic deaths.
      After alpha-chloralose anesthesia, 9 cats received a tracheostomy and a
      thoracotomy. Intravenous gallamine was used to paralyze the cats. Blood pressure,
      arterial blood gases, electrocardiogram, and rectal temperature were monitored.
      Simultaneous monitoring of the neural discharge in postganglionic cardiac
      sympathetic branches and the vagus nerve was combined with a bilateral
      craniectomy and electrocorticography. Pentylenetetrazol was given intravenously
      at 10 min intervals in 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 2000 mg/kg doses. Epileptiform
      discharges were categorized as a prolonged ictal (duration of 10 sec or more),
      brief ictal (duration of less than 10 sec mixed with suppression), and interictal
      spike activity. The two types of ictal activity were quantified by duration in
      seconds for the 10 min interval after each dose of pentylenetetrazol; the number
      of interictal spikes/min was determined for each minute of the entire experiment.
      This study developed a model which quantified the degree of epileptiform activity
      and correlated it with changes in cardiovascular function and autonomic cardiac
      neural discharge. An imbalance within and between sympathetic and parasympathetic
      cardiac neural discharges was found, as was a significant disruption of the
      physiological relationships between heart rate and blood pressure. Frequent and
      varied electrocardiogram abnormalities occurred. All of the above changes
      occurred during minimal (interictal) subconvulsant as well as during maximal
      (ictal) convulsant epileptogenic activity.

PMID- 6834994
TI  - Effect of (-)-cathinone, a khat leaf constituent, on dopaminergic firing and
      dopamine metabolism in the rat brain.
AB  - The effect of (-)-cathinone (CAT), an alkaloid from khat leaves, on brain
      dopamine (DA) metabolism and on the firing rate of nigral DA neurons was studied
      in rats, in comparison with that of d-amphetamine. Like d-amphetamine, CAT (8-40
      mg/kg i.p.) decreased DOPAC levels in the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and
      frontal cortex, without modifying DA concentrations. CAT showed approximately one
      fifth of the potency of d-amphetamine in this effect. CAT, injected i.v. to
      unanesthetized, paralyzed rats, inhibited the firing rate of DA neurons in the
      substantia nigra, pars compacta, showing a similar potency to that of d
      amphetamine in this respect. CAT-induced inhibition of dopaminergic firing was
      reversed by haloperidol.

PMID- 6834995
TI  - Changes in activities of urea cycle enzymes in early stages of liver regeneration
      after partial hepatectomy in rats.
AB  - The activities of urea cycle enzymes were measured during the first 24 hours of
      regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In animals fed normal rat chow (22%
      protein), there was an initial 40-60% decrease in the specific activities of all
      urea cycle enzymes, to reach a low point 4 hours after the operation. Thereafter,
      the specific activities increased again, approximating zero time values by 24
      hours after partial hepatectomy. In this and all subsequent experiments all urea
      cycle enzymes responded in a very similar fashion. On diets containing 0% or 10%
      protein, the drop was delayed for approximately 12 hours; during this time, the
      specific activities were above zero time values. The minimum level was reached at
      about 18 hours, with a return to normal or above at 24 hours. On a diet
      containing 75% protein, there was an initial decrease to a low level at 4 hours,
      followed by a more pronounced increase, with a peak above zero time levels at 12
      hours.

PMID- 6834996
TI  - Effects of [Ca2+]o on contractility in the anoxic cardiac muscle of mammal and
      fish.
AB  - Electrically paced atrial strips of hearts from rat and rainbow trout were
      exposed to increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]o. This resulted in
      increases in the peak force in oxygenated atria from both species. During anoxia
      this response was suppressed for the rat, but accentuated for trout atrium.

PMID- 6834997
TI  - Does naloxone have functional significant activity on medial thalamic neurons?
      Microiontophoretical study.
AB  - Local administration (microiontophoretically) of naloxone was tested in 57
      parafascicularis thalamic (PF) neurons of morphine-naive and morphine-dependent
      rats. In morphine-naive rats microiontophoretic applications of naloxone induced
      changes in 52% of the PF neurons. Reduction in neuronal activity was observed in
      the majority of them; this reduction phenomena exhibited dose response
      characteristics, i.e., each incremental naloxone dose caused further decrease of
      the neuronal discharges. In morphine-dependent animals, 64% of the PF neurons
      were affected. The changes seen after naloxone were mainly increases of
      electrical discharges (i.e. the opposite effects obtained in morphine-naive
      animals).

PMID- 6834998
TI  - Bile acid uptake and calcium flux in brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Our laboratory has recently reported that intestinal bile acid malabsorption in
      cystic fibrosis (CF) is a primary mucosal cell defect. Others have suggested that
      elevated intracellular Ca++ levels in other cell types in CF may represent a
      common primary dysfunction in Ca++ efflux in these cells. We examined the
      possibility that intestinal bile acid absorption and Ca++ efflux in mucosal cells
      may be linked physiologically. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared
      from guinea pig ileum served as the experimental model to test this hypothesis.
      Ca++ (2.5 x 10(-3)M) present in the incubation medium did not alter the uptake of
      taurocholic acid (TCA) by BBMV. Also, TCA uptake into BBMV preloaded with Ca++
      was not significantly different from that in BBMV not previously loaded with
      Ca++. Furthermore, with TCA present in the incubation medium, Ca++ efflux from
      preloaded BBMV was not altered. These data suggest that ileal TCA uptake, as
      measured by BBMV, is not dependent upon either intra- or extravesicular Ca++.
      Also, Ca++ efflux from BBMV is unaffected by TCA uptake. Although separate lines
      of evidence suggest that intestinal bile acid malabsorption and reduced plasma
      membrane Ca++ flux are primary defects in CF, we conclude that in the normal
      intestine these functions are independent physiological processes.

PMID- 6834999
TI  - Effect of methylation of histidine-48 on some enzymatic and pharmacological
      activities of snake venom phospholipases A2.
AB  - The effects on some pharmacological and enzymatic properties were determined
      following methylation of histidine at the enzymatic active site of the basic
      relatively toxic Naja nigricollis and the acidic relatively non-toxic Naja naja
      atra phospholipases A2. Following methylation a very low residual enzymatic
      activity (0.4-1% of control) was accompanied by a parallel loss in
      intraventricular lethality, anticoagulant potency, direct hemolytic action and
      ability to block directly and indirectly evoked contractions of the mouse phrenic
      nerve-diaphragm preparation. Since methylation does not impair the enzyme's
      ability to bind monomeric or micellar substrates or Ca2+, the results suggest
      that the pharmacologically active region of the molecule is different from the
      micellular substrate binding site but strongly influenced by the invariant
      histidine-48 located at the enzymatic active site.

PMID- 6835000
TI  - Metabolic capability of rat hepatocytes isolated by perfusion and tissue slice
      techniques.
AB  - The metabolic capability of hepatocytes prepared by the perfusion method (P
      cells) and the tissue slice method (S cells) has been compared using standardised
      procedures. Yields of P cells were four times greater than for S cells. Trypan
      blue exclusion viability and oxygen utilization were similar although the
      viability of S cells deteriorated faster with time. P cells had a lower
      endogenous rate of glycogenolysis and showed better glucagon stimulation than S
      cells. Similarly, P cells performed gluconeogenesis at a higher rate. However,
      there was no significant differences in the metabolism of the xenobiotic
      ethoxycoumarin. It is concluded that while S cells are probably satisfactory for
      studies of drug metabolism their use for work involving surface receptor binding
      and energy demanding processes should be questioned.

PMID- 6835001
TI  - Stimulation of lipid peroxidation by methyl mercury in rats.

PMID- 6835002
TI  - The effect of tripelennamine alone and in combination with opiates to produce
      antinociception in mice.
AB  - Antinociception (ANTI) was assessed in male CD-1 mice by a modification of
      Haffner's tail clamp procedure. Studies revealed that tripelennamine (Tp) alone
      produced antinociception (ANTI) in mice and also caused potentiation when
      combined with morphine (M) or nalbuphene (NB). Naloxone (Nx) only partially
      blocked the effect of Tp, but fully blocked M. Although atropine (At) had no
      intrinsic ANTI activity, it enhanced that of Tp but not M. Histamine (Hm) had no
      intrinsic ANTI activity, nor did it interact with either Tp or M. The partial
      abolition of Tp ANTI, in contrast to complete blockade of M effects with Nx,
      appears to indicate that Tp can stimulate the opiate receptor as well as another
      receptor for ANTI at a different locus. The combination of Tp with various
      opiates may have considerable abuse potential.

PMID- 6835003
TI  - Nature of norepinephrine-sensitive Ca-pool in rabbit aortic smooth muscle: effect
      of pH.

PMID- 6835004
TI  - Inhibition of transplantable melanoma tumor development in mice by prophylactic
      administration of Ca-ascorbate.
AB  - Hemicalcium ascorbate (Ca-Asc, 51 mM, 1% wt/vol), added to the drinking water,
      had the following effects in DBA/2 mice inoculated with 10(5) S91 (Cloudman)
      melanoma cells: 1) it delayed the appearance of visible tumors by 2-4 weeks; 2)
      it increased the survival rate at three months after tumor challenge by 12-50%;
      3) it had no significant effect on the rate of tumor growth once the size of the
      tumors had reached 10 mm3; 4) the inhibition was maximal when the treatment with
      Ca-Asc was started at least one week prior to the inoculation of cells 5) when
      free ascorbic acid was used instead of Ca-Asc, the animals consumed 50% less
      water, they became dehydrated and the treatment was less effective; 6) Ca++ (51
      mM) alone had no significant inhibitory effect.--Since Ca Asc (1 mM) was not
      toxic to S91 melanoma cells in vitro, we suggest that prophylactic treatment of
      the animals with Ca-Asc inhibited tumor development by increasing the resistance
      of the host.

PMID- 6835005
TI  - Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase by histamine or norepinephrine in brain
      regions of the developing rat: evidence for biogenic amines as trophic agents in
      neonatal brain development.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) initiates the synthesis of polyamines which play
      key roles in regulation of cellular development. Intracisternal administration of
      histamine or norepinephrine to developing rats produced age-dependent stimulation
      of ODC in brain. In cerebral cortex and ponsmedulla, stimulation by
      norepinephrine was demonstrable at postnatal day 7 and maximum stimulation
      occurred at about day 9. In contrast, cerebellum showed no initial reactivity to
      norepinephrine but still developed a large peak of response capability by day 9.
      In all 3 regions, the response declined rapidly thereafter during the period of
      major synaptogenesis of noradrenergic pathways. With histamine, none of the
      regions displayed ODC reactivity at 7 days postnatally; stimulation appeared by
      day 9, peaked at about day 11 and then declined rapidly. Thus, the trophic effect
      of histamine or norepinephrine toward ODC activity is present or develops
      postnatally and appears to terminate with synaptogenesis and onset of
      neurotransmitter properties of the amines.

PMID- 6835007
TI  - Application of a modified 203Hg binding assay for metallothionein.
AB  - A sensitive and rapid method to estimate concentrations of functional
      metallothionein in small biological samples, based upon the acid stability of
      203Hg binding and solubility of this protein in trichloroacetic acid is
      described. Sephadex G-10 minicolumns supported in centrifuge tubes afforded
      separation and quantitation of isotope bound metallothionein from unbound metal.
      Elution of metallothionein bound 203Hg was achieved by short term-low speed
      centrifugation that segregated chelator-ligand complex into the eluate while
      unbound ligand remained in the gel. A well characterized standard of pure
      metallothionein protein was utilized to verify the specificity and sensitivity of
      the modified assay. Metallothionein levels were estimated by 203Hg binding in
      extracts of wild type and cadmium resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells treated
      with maximum tolerable concentrations of CdCl2. Similar separation methods
      demonstrated [35S]-cysteine incorporation into induced metallothionein.
      Additionally, induction of metallothionein was observed after treatment with
      particulate CdS but not crystalline NiS particles. These results demonstrate that
      the modified assay system is easily applied to serial measurement of
      metallothionein levels in multiple small biological samples.

PMID- 6835006
TI  - Peripheral resistance and red cell Li-Na countertransport in borderline
      hypertensives.
AB  - We have studied ouabain-resistant, external sodium-stimulated, lithium efflux (Li
      Na countertransport) in red blood cells from 21 borderline hypertensives with at
      least one hypertensive first degree relative (BH-F), 19 borderline hypertensives
      without family history of essential hypertension (BH-NF), and 35 age-matched
      normotensive subjects. The data indicate the finding of an increased Li-Na
      countertransport in all BH (F+NF), but with a significant overlap between BH
      values and control ones: Li-Na countertransport is significantly higher only in
      BH-F but it is normal in BH-NF. Moreover, there is a significant correlation of
      Li-Na countertransport to total peripheral resistance but not to mean blood
      pressure in all hypertensive patients. It is suggested that in BH the increase of
      erythrocyte Na flux is mediated by the Na-Na exchange diffusion, and its
      abnormality may be associated to the hereditary trait of essential hypertension
      rather than the high blood pressure per se, probably resulting in the development
      of hypertension, through the increased vascular smooth muscle tone.

PMID- 6835008
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on halothane-induced depression of mitochondrial
      respiration.
AB  - Anesthetized animals are awakened when subjected to increased atmospheric
      pressure. Whether all phenomena associated with the anesthetic state are
      similarly reversed is not known. Since the anesthetic halothane produces a dose
      related reversible depression of rat liver mitochondrial respiration, the effect
      of 51 atmospheres of pressure on the drug's action was evaluated. It is concluded
      that application of pressure does not antagonize the inhibition produced by this
      anesthetic.

PMID- 6835010
TI  - A glycosaminoglycan activator of lipoprotein lipase in human plasma.
AB  - By use of ion exchange chromatography we have isolated two discrete classes of
      "free" glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from human plasma. The GAG fractions were tested
      for their effects on two lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme systems containing an
      apolipoprotein C-II activated emulsion as the triglyceride substrate and bovine
      serum albumin as the free fatty acid acceptor. The lowcharge GAG (Fraction I) had
      essentially no effect on the LPL reaction. The high-charge GAG (Fraction II)
      stimulated the LPL reaction 100 to 300%. The GAG composition of each fraction was
      investigated with chemical and enzymatic techniques. Fraction I consisted of low
      charge chondroitin sulfate noncovalently bound to protein. Fraction II consisted
      of a mixture of high-charge GAG non-covalently bound to protein. Degradation with
      nitrous acid eliminated the ability of high-charge GAG to stimulate LPL. This and
      other evidence suggests that the high-charge GAG in human plasma responsible for
      LPL activation is heparan sulfate (HS). We suggest that plasma HS may modulate
      triglyceride clearance mechanisms in vivo by its interaction with LPL.

PMID- 6835009
TI  - Acute effects of aspartame on large neutral amino acids and monoamines in rat
      brain.
AB  - The dipeptide aspartame (APM; aspartylphenylalanine methylester), an artificial
      sweetener, was studied in vivo for its ability to influence brain levels of the
      large neutral amino acids and the rates of hydroxylation of the aromatic amino
      acids. The administration by gavage of APM (200 mg/kg) caused large increments in
      blood and brain levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine by 60 minutes. Brain
      tryptophan level was occasionally reduced significantly, but the brain levels of
      the branched-chain amino acids were always unaffected. Smaller doses (50, 100
      mg/kg) also raised blood and brain tyrosine and phenylalanine, but did not reduce
      brain tryptophan levels. At the highest dose (200 mg/kg), APM gavage caused an
      insignificant increase in dopa accumulation (after NSD-1015), and a modest
      reduction in 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation. No changes in the brain levels of
      serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid,
      homovanillic acid, or norepinephrine were produced by APM administration (200
      mg/kg). These results thus indicate that APM, even when administered in amounts
      that cause large increments in brain tyrosine and phenylalanine, produce minimal
      effects on the rates of formation of monoamine transmitters.

PMID- 6835011
TI  - Antidote effect of sodium fluoride against organophosphate poisoning in mice.
AB  - Pretreatment of mice with atropine (17.4 mg/kg) + NaF (5 or 15 mg/kg) had a
      significant antidotal effect over atropine alone against the lethality produced
      by soman and sarin. Atropine + NaF (15 mg/kg) was effective against tabun,
      whereas the lower dose of NaF was not. An effect of NaF on organophosphate
      inhibited acetylcholinesterase could not account for the antidotal action of NaF.
      NaF had no effect on liver somanase activity but inhibited aliesterase activity.
      Aliesterase activity in NaF pretreated soman-poisoned mice was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) higher than in those receiving atropine alone. In CBDP-pretreated
      mice NaF did not significantly attenuate the toxicity of soman. It is
      hypothesized that the antidotal effect of NaF versus organophosphate poisoning is
      due to its antidesensitizing action at nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular
      junction and/or sympathetic ganglia in addition to the proposed increased
      hydrolysis of sarin and direct detoxification of tabun.

PMID- 6835012
TI  - O-methylation of dopamine-o-sulfates with catechol-0-methyltransferase.
AB  - [2H2]-dopamine-3-0-sulfate (DM-3-0-S) and [2H2]-dopamine-4-0-sulfate (DM-4-0-S)
      were synthesized to investigate the possibility of their being substrates for
      catechol-0-methyltransferase (COMT). [2H5]-3-0-methyldopamine (3-0-Me-DM) and
      [2H5]-4-0-methyldopamine (4-0-Me-DM) were also synthesized as internal standards
      for the determination of enzymatic products by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS). [2H2]-DM-3-0-S or [2H2]-DM-4-0-S was incubated at 37
      degrees for 60 min in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine with a crude enzyme
      preparation obtained from rat liver homogenate. The incubation mixture was
      treated with 0.5N HCl at 100 degrees C for 1h to hydrolyze the remaining sulfate
      moiety. The reaction products were extracted with an Amberlite XAD-4, derivatized
      with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and determined by GC-MS. When [2H2]-DM-3-0-S
      was used as a substrate, [2H2]-3-0-Me-DM was found to be a major product
      accompanied by [2H2]-4-0-Me-DM as a minor product. The ratio of [2H2]-3-0-Me-DM
      to [2H2]-4-0-Me-DM was found to be 26:1, while the ratio was 5.4:1 when [2H2]
      dopamine was used as a substrate. When [2H2]-DM-4-0-S served as a substrate,
      [2H2]-3-0-Me-DM was preferentially produced without detectable formation of [2H2]
      4-0-Me-DM.

PMID- 6835013
TI  - Stereospecific, reversible binding of D-[3H]glucose to crude membrane fractions
      prepared from rat brain.
AB  - To a crude preparation of synaptic membranes prepared from rat brain,
      stereospecific, saturable, reversible binding was described of D-[3H]glucose.
      Binding showed a Kd = 0.45 microM and the fractional rate of dissociation was
      approximately eight times the fractional rate of association. D-[3H]glucose
      binding was displaced by 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose and it was
      abolished when membranes were denatured by heating.

PMID- 6835014
TI  - Cardiac effects of six actodigin (AY-22,241)-related semisynthetic glycosides.
AB  - Six actodigin (AY-22,241)-related semisynthetic glycosides (with the C-3 natural
      linkage of the lactone ring to the steroid nucleus, transposed to C-2) were
      assayed in failing hearts of canine heart-lung preparations. Two compounds, with
      additional small modifications in the steroid nucleus, were incapable of
      reversing heart failure. Two others, an isodigoxigenin and an isogitoxigenin
      derivative, were only slightly active. However, the two other actodigin-derived
      compounds, with methyl groups at the lactone C-4, were very active. Compound 5
      had the methyl group in beta position and was 2.5 times more potent than
      actodigin. Compound 6, with the methyl group in alpha position, had a potency
      similar to that of actodigin. In the anesthetized and vagotomized dog, their
      toxic effects (to the point of atrioventricular dissociation) were short lasting
      and completely reversible. Both of these agents had a wide margin of safety
      (relationship between the minimal therapeutic, irregularity and lethal doses).

PMID- 6835015
TI  - Sorbitol, inositol and nerve conduction in diabetes.
AB  - Motor nerve conduction velocity was lower in streptozotocin-diabetic rats than in
      controls. Treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor Sorbinil restored
      conduction velocity to normal. Diabetic rats had an increased concentration of
      sorbitol and reduced free inositol in sciatic nerve. Sorbinil corrected both
      defects. Inositol administration to diabetic rats also restored conduction
      velocity to normal. Genetically diabetic mice had reduced concentrations of
      inositol in sciatic nerve but fructose and sorbitol were normal. Glucose
      concentration was considerably increased.

PMID- 6835016
TI  - Similarities between morphine withdrawal in the rat and the menopausal hot flush.
AB  - Skin temperature, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to morphine
      withdrawal in the rat were evaluated in an effort to develop a potential animal
      model for the menopausal hot flush in women. Morphine dependency was produced by
      s.c. implantation of pellets containing morphine alkaloid. In response to
      precipitous, naloxone-induced withdrawal, rats showed surges in tail skin
      temperature (TST) which were similar in magnitude (4.8 to 7.2 degrees C) and
      duration (60 to 90 min.) to peripheral skin temperature increases reported during
      menopausal hot flushes. Additionally, a brief period of accelerated heart rate
      (59%) and a 9-fold hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) preceded the TST
      response to morphine withdrawal. These cardiovascular and neuroendocrine
      responses are observed to precede or coincide with the menopausal hot flush.
      Additionally, protracted morphine withdrawal subsequent to abstention, resulted
      in TST instability characterized by spontaneous, high amplitude TST fluctuations.
      Thus, the alteration in skin temperature, heart rate and LH secretion during
      precipitated morphine withdrawal in the rat are similar in magnitude, duration
      and in their temporal relationship to those observed during the hot flush. These
      data suggest a possible opioid etiology in this vasomotor disturbance. Acute
      withdrawal in the morphine addicted rats may serve as an animal model by which to
      study the neural mechanism underlying the menopausal hot flush.

PMID- 6835017
TI  - Ontogeny of endocrine responses to methadone in rats.
AB  - The effects of methadone (METH) on serum levels of prolactin (PRL), growth
      hormone (GH), corticosterone (CS) and TSH were determined in developing rats.
      METH increased PRL, GH and CS and decreased TSH at all ages tested, but the time
      course and magnitude of these effects changed during ontogeny. METH effects on
      day 10 were lower in magnitude than those observed in adults. In 20 day old pups,
      METH effects on GH and CS were comparable to those of adults, but TSH effects
      were still blunted. METH effects on hormone secretion in both 10 and 20 day old
      pups lasted longer than those observed in adults. Naloxone blocked all hormonal
      responses in adults, but did not completely block METH effects on CS secretion in
      10 day old pups.

PMID- 6835018
TI  - Stress induced differential intake of various diets and water by rat: the role of
      the opiate system.

PMID- 6835019
TI  - Endogenous opiates modulate release of growth hormone in response to
      electroacupuncture.
AB  - The effect of electroacupuncture on serum growth hormone levels was investigated
      in 5 normal subjects and in 10 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Serum
      growth hormone did not change in the normal subjects but there was an approximate
      5-fold increase in the chronic pain subjects. This effect was partially inhibited
      by prior administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone, suggesting that the
      rise in growth hormone was mediated via release of central nervous system
      opioids.

PMID- 6835021
TI  - Effect of aging on prolactin regulation of rat striatal dopamine receptor
      concentrations.
AB  - Administration of highly purified rat prolactin by miniosmotic pump increases
      striatal dopamine receptor concentrations in both mature (4-6 months) and
      senescent (24 months) male Wistar rats. Although receptor levels in untreated
      rats are about 30% lower in the senescent group, elevated levels following
      prolactin are not significantly different between ages. Increases in circulating
      prolactin levels after 7 days of treatment were not detectable at the low
      concentrations used (150 ng/hr). In fact, there was a trend toward decreases in
      circulating prolactin concentrations to the same level in both groups after
      treatment, despite substantially elevated basal levels in many of the senescent
      rats.

PMID- 6835020
TI  - The presence of statocysts and statoliths in social wasps (Hymenoptera,
      Vespinae).
AB  - Static sense organs composed of a hollow statocyst surrounded by sensory hairs
      and containing aggregate bodies (statoliths) have been detected in various
      species of Vespinae. On the frons in the groove traversing its center (the
      frontal groove) there is a deep pit and around it a membrane enclosing a cyst
      like sac. In Vespa orientalis there are silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca)-containing
      aggregates inside the pit arranged in morula-like fashion, and in V. crabro,
      there are similar aggregates arranged in an ear-like shape. In general this
      sensillar organ resembles the statocyst located on the bases of the antennules in
      decapod crustaceans.

PMID- 6835022
TI  - Evidence for muscarinic cholinergic receptors in dog portal vein: binding of
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate.
AB  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites in dog portal veins were analyzed directly
      using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) as a ligand. Specific [3H]QNB binding to
      crude membrane preparations from the isolated veins was saturable, reversible and
      of high affinity (KD = 15.5 +/- 2.8 pM) with a Bmax of 110 +/- 14.7 fmol/mg
      protein. Scatchard and Hill plot analyses of the data indicated one class of
      binding sites. From kinetic analysis of the data, association and dissociation
      rate constants of 1.91 X 10(9) M-1 min-1 and 0.016 min-1, respectively, were
      calculated. The dissociation constant calculated from the equation KD = K-1/K+1
      was 8.3 pM, such being in good agreement with the Scatchard estimate of KD (15.5
      pM). Specific binding of [3H]QNB was displaced by muscarinic agents. Nicotinic
      cholinergic agents, alpha-bungarotoxin, nicotine and hexamethonium, were
      ineffective in displacing [3H]QNB binding at 10 microM. Our findings provide
      direct evidence for the existence of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in dog
      portal veins.

PMID- 6835023
TI  - In vitro block of murine L 1210 leukemia cell growth by amiloride, an inhibitor
      of passive Na+ influx.
AB  - The present study was aimed to decide whether Na+ influx can be involved in
      regulation of murine L 1210 leukemia cell growth. Cells were cultivated in the
      presence of different concentrations of amiloride and cellular growth was
      monitored by 3H-thymidine incorporation/10(5) cells. This drug inhibited cell
      growth in concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-3) mmol/ml. Even
      short time treatments with amiloride caused irreversible alterations: the cells,
      although survived, lost their ability to divide. The results support the
      hypothesis that Na+ influx is necessary for the duplication of tumor cells.

PMID- 6835024
TI  - Antidiuretic activity and immunoreactive arginin-vasopressin levels in eye plexus
      blood during passive avoidance behavior in rats.

PMID- 6835025
TI  - The metabolism of a stable N-hydroxymethyl derivative of a N-methylamide.
AB  - N-Formylbenzamide and benzamide were characterised by high pressure liquid
      chromatography and mass spectrometry as products of the metabolism of N
      hydroxymethylbenzamide in incubation mixtures with mouse liver preparations and
      isolated hepatocytes. This biotransformation occurred predominantly in 9000g and
      microsomal supernatant fractions and was also catalyzed by horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase fortified with NAD and could be inhibited by pyrazole. Unlike N
      hydroxymethylbenzamide, which is very stable, N-formylbenzamide degraded rapidly
      to benzamide in buffer at pH 7.4 with a half-life of 7.8 min. The instability of
      N-formylbenzamide and the time course of its metabolic generation together with
      benzamide suggest that benzamide is a chemical breakdown product of N
      formylbenzamide. N-Formylbenzamide was also tentatively identified as a urinary
      metabolite of N-hydroxymethylbenzamide. This is the first time that an N
      hydroxymethyl compound has been shown to undergo metabolism either in vitro or in
      vivo.

PMID- 6835026
TI  - Afternoon plasma cortisol in depressed patients: a measure of diagnosis or
      severity?
AB  - Plasma cortisol concentration was measured at 20 min intervals from 3 p.m. (1500
      hrs) to 6 p.m. (1800 hrs) in 26 hospitalized patients classified according to the
      Newcastle Index as endogenously depressed (n = 16) or non-endogenously depressed
      (n = 10). When examined in depressed state, before treatment, maximum, mean and
      range of plasma cortisol concentration in this time interval was significantly
      higher in the endogenously depressed patients than in the non-endogenously
      depressed patients (p less than 0.01-0.02). The diagnostic identification of
      endogenous depression on the basis of these cortisol concentration measurements
      was at least as good as that reported by others using post-dexamethasone cortisol
      levels. The plasma cortisol levels (maximum, mean) and fluctuations (range)
      correlated significantly with the degree of depression (Hamilton Depression
      Scale), and differences in severity of depression could explain most of the
      differences in cortisol levels between the two diagnostic groups. Nine patients
      were reexamined after 3-12 months in a non-depressed state, and all unipolar
      endogenously depressed patients (n = 6) then had clearly reduced cortisol levels
      and fluctuations.

PMID- 6835027
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins, postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity intralipid
      half-life, triglyceride secretion rate and liver lipids in the mouse fed
      different cholesterol diets.
AB  - Mice (SC), fed a semipurified diet containing cholesterol, cholic acid and
      sucrose, exhibited, in comparison to control animals (S), an increase in
      cholesterol, phospholipid and protein of VLDL, LDL1 and LDL2, but triglyceride of
      the same lipoproteins decreased, as did total plasma triglycerides. Postheparin
      plasma lipoprotein lipase activity of SC animals was 1.72 times that of S mice.
      At the same time Intralipid half-life in SC mice was decreased by 52%.
      Triglyceride secretion rate, after Triton WR 1339 treatment, and liver
      triglyceride content were reduced in SC animals. HDL mass was decreased in SC
      mice. Mice (AC) fed a standard diet containing cholesterol showed, in comparison
      to normal fed animals (A), an increase in cholesterol of VLDL, LDL1 and LDL2 but
      triglyceride of the same lipoproteins decreased as did total plasma
      triglycerides. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity of AC animals was
      unmodified as was Intralipid half-life. In AC animals triglyceride secretion
      rate, after Triton WR 1339 treatment, was reduced but in a less extent than in SC
      mice. Liver triglyceride was unmodified. HDL mass was decreased in AC mice.

PMID- 6835028
TI  - Amine oxidase activity in commercial preparations of bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Amine oxidase activity has been identified in commercial samples of bovine serum
      albumin (BSA). Benzylamine, phenylethylamines and to a lesser extent,
      indoleamines, were found to be substrates. The amine oxidase activity was
      inhibited by semicarbazide and was virtually absent in electrophoretically
      purified samples. Kinetic analysis of benzylamine deamination and experiments
      utilizing mixed substrates indicate that more than one catalytic activity may be
      involved. The results show that amine deamination should be considered as a
      potential source of error in experiments employing high concentrations of
      commercially available BSA preparations. This would be of particular importance
      for in vitro studies with dopamine since this amine was found to be deaminated at
      a rapid rate.

PMID- 6835029
TI  - [3H]2-Nitroimipramine: a selective "slowly-dissociating" probe of the imipramine
      binding site ("serotonin transporter") in platelets and brain.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated a close functional and structural relationship
      between the "high affinity" binding site for [3H]imipramine and the presynaptic
      and platelet uptake site(s) for serotonin. Recently we have synthesized several
      nitro derivatives of imipramine which have a very high affinity for the
      imipramine binding site and which dissociate very slowly when incubations are
      performed at 0-4 degrees C. In this report, we describe the characteristics of
      [3H]2-nitroimipramine binding to platelet and brain membranes. Our results
      support the relative utility of this ligand for studying the impramine binding
      site (serotonin transporter) since this analogue has both a higher affinity and
      specific activity than [3H]imipramine. [3H]2-Nitroimipramine by virtue of its
      extremely slow dissociation rate should be a valuable tool in subsequent
      characterization and purification of the serotonin uptake or transport site.

PMID- 6835030
TI  - Liver microsomal membrane lipid composition in marasmic-kwashiorkor.

PMID- 6835031
TI  - Cholesterol esterifying capacity of various organs in cholesterol-fed guinea
      pigs.
AB  - In guinea pigs fed a diet enriched with 1% cholesterol, the liver, adrenals,
      spleen, and small intestine accumulated cholesterol much more than the lungs and
      kidneys. The cholesterol content of the aorta, stomach and colon was not
      increased by the diet. Cholesteryl ester was the predominant form of cholesterol
      deposited in the organs richest in this sterol and the total cholesterol content
      of a tissue tended to increase with the proportion of cholesteryl ester.
      Cholesterol esterifying activity (ACAT) was found in most tissues and paralleled
      the cholesteryl ester content of these tissues, being highest in the adrenals,
      liver, spleen and the proximal part of the small intestine. ACAT activity was
      enhanced by the cholesterol diet and its elevation was fairly well correlated
      with the increase in the cholesterol content of the organs. However, the liver
      and adrenals tended to accumulate more cholesterol than anticipated from their
      cholesteryl ester content and their ACAT activity. Cholesterol esterification may
      play a major role in the ability of organs to accumulate cholesterol.

PMID- 6835032
TI  - Heterogeneous labeling of adipocytes during in vivo-in vitro incubation of
      epididymal fat pads of aging mice with [1-14C] palmitate.
AB  - We have hypothesized that the in vivo-in vitro technique of Stein and Stein for
      studying free fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue triglycerides and
      phospholipids may introduce artifacts due to diffusion barriers such as
      collagenous membranes, especially in fat pads of old animals. By using this
      technique in young and old mice and peeling the external cells, either physically
      or by collagenase treatment, we were able to show that the outer adipocytes are
      preferentially labeled. However, this pattern of heterogeneous labeling occurred
      in fat pads of both young (10-14 weeks) and old (80 weeks) mice. Fat pads are
      known to develop thicker, collagenous outer membranes during aging. Therefore, it
      seems likely to us that the marked decrease in free fatty acid esterification in
      fat pads of old mice, using the in vivo-in vitro method that we have described
      previously and confirmed here, could have been due to greater diffusion barriers
      in the tissues of the older mice.

PMID- 6835033
TI  - Dietary squalene increases tissue sterols and fecal bile acids in the rat.
AB  - Feeding 1% squalene increased markedly the concentrations of squalene and methyl
      sterols in each serum lipoprotein class, intestinal mucosa, liver and also in
      adipose tissue. It also increased cholesterol concentration of the liver and
      serum VLDL, and esterified cholesterol in serum LDL as well as fecal bile acids.
      The results suggest that absorbed dietary squalene contributes to some extent to
      the squalene content of adipose tissue, effectively increases the overall
      cholesterol synthesis and enhances cholesterol elimination preferentially as
      fecal bile acids.

PMID- 6835035
TI  - Fatty acid composition of polar lipids in goats' milk.
AB  - Silicic acid column chromatography was used to separate the polar lipids of
      goats' milk into glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine plus
      phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin fractions. Each
      fraction was purified by column chromatography and its fatty acid profile
      determined by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The
      glycerophospholipids each contained 18:1 as the predominant fatty acid
      (approximately 45%). The sphingolipids contained a high percentage of long-chain
      saturated fatty acids (C22 to C24 greater than 45%); the glycolipid fraction also
      contained ca. 2% 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The data represent a comprehensive cross
      sectional study of the major polar lipids found in goats' milks.

PMID- 6835034
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids in the postnatally developing rat lung.
AB  - Fatty acid desaturase activity specific for the C-9 position is present in lung
      microsomes prepared from rats of all ages. This activity is significantly lower
      in neonatal rat lung compared with adult lung. A rapid increase in C-9 fatty acid
      desaturase activity seen at the approximate time of weaning may be related to a
      decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of the diet as the rat
      begins to consume laboratory chow instead of mother's milk. The 900 X g
      supernatant fraction of rat lung parenchymal cell homogenates is capable of
      incorporating linoleate, linolenate, and arachidonate into both triacylglycerols
      and phospholipids. Lung tissue from rats less than 20 days old incorporates these
      PUFA into phospholipids at a greater rate than lung tissue from adult rats. The
      incorporation of these PUFA into phospholipids in neonatal lung tissue occurred
      at a greater rate rate than their incorporation into triacylglycerols. In
      contrast, lung tissue from adult rats incorporated PUFA into triacylglycerols at
      a greater rate than into phospholipids. These data show that PUFA, known to be
      elevated in neonatal rat lungs, are used primarily for phospholipid biosynthesis
      in neonatal lung tissue whereas in adult lung tissue they are preferentially
      esterified to glycerol.

PMID- 6835037
TI  - Effect of environmental temperature changes on rat liver fatty acid desaturases.
AB  - Female rats warm-adapted at 30-32 C for 20-25 days and then shifted to 13-15 C
      for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hr showed that delta 9 desaturase and fatty acid
      synthetase activity decay after 24 hr of cold exposure, while delta 6 and delta 5
      desaturases were increased after this period of time. These results were
      confirmed by an increase of arachidonic acid of heart and liver microsomes
      phosphatidylcholine and a decrease of oleic acid. Neither NADH-cyt b5 reductase
      nor NADH-cyt c reductase activity of liver microsomes were significantly
      affected. Male rats warm-adapted under the same conditions and then shifted to 13
      15 C for 120 hr did not show significant changes in fatty acid synthetase, delta
      9 and delta 6 desaturases and enzymes of the microsomal electron transport chain.
      Therefore, the desaturase response to environmental temperature changes could be
      plausibly linked to female hormones.

PMID- 6835036
TI  - Hypolipidemic effects of clofibrate and selected chroman analogs in fasted rats:
      II. High sucrose-fed animals.
AB  - The hypolipidemic properties of ethyl 6-chlorochroman-2-carboxylate (II), 6
      phenylchroman-2-carboxylate (III) and 6-cyclohexylchroman-2-carboxylate (IV) were
      compared to clofibrate (I) in sucrose-fed fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats. All
      compounds were administered at doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/kg, orally, twice daily
      for 7 consecutive days. In this model, II was a more effective
      hypocholesterolemic drug than clofibrate, whereas III and IV were inactive.
      Chlorochroman II, like clofibrate, decreased serum alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol
      and pre-beta-lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations and concomitantly increased
      serum beta-lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. In clofibrate-treated rats,
      serum free cholesterol concentrations increased concurrent with a reduction in
      serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, but no such correlation was
      observed for II. Only II lowered liver cholesterol levels and increased liver
      triglyceride levels. No consistent inhibition of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity was observed with these analogs. The
      observed changes in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations among serum
      lipoproteins were of a greater magnitude after chlorochroman II and clofibrate
      administration to sucrose-fed rats than in our previous studies using chow-fed
      fasted rats. These data suggest that chloro-substitution at the 6-position of the
      phenylchroman ring is important for hypolipidemic activity of these cyclic
      clofibrate analogs.

PMID- 6835038
TI  - Complexities in lipid quantitation using thin layer chromatography for separation
      and flame ionization for detection.
AB  - The use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) for separation (using silica gel
      coated quartz rods) and subsequent flame ionization for detection (FID) was
      examined to determine whether this method could be used for the quantitation of
      lipids. However, response factors (RF) for various lipids were different and
      depended upon several variables including the amount of material analyzed. For
      example, RF were 3-fold greater when 10 micrograms of tripalmitin was analyzed as
      compared to 1 microgram of the same material. The amount of lipid detected by FID
      was also dependent upon the rate at which it passed through the flame. During
      analysis of methylpentadecanoate, detector response increased with scan speed,
      while at all speeds it was completely removed from the rod. On the other hand,
      depending upon the amount of cholesterol or phospholipid analyzed, the response
      either increased, remained unchanged or decreased with scan speed. During a fast
      scan, detector response was reduced because some material remained on the rod.
      Thus, the detector response is influenced by sample volatility. In conclusion,
      there appears to be a complex relationship between detector response and the
      amount of heat available per microgram of sample. Since we could not find a
      direct correlation between detector response and sample quantity, it would be
      difficult to use TLC-FID as a tool for quantitating the components of a lipid
      mixture.

PMID- 6835039
TI  - Reversed-phase thin layer chromatography of some common sterols.
AB  - The chromatographic mobilities of 17 sterols and squalene on reversed-phase thin
      layer plates with four nonaqueous solvent systems is described. A degree of
      separation adequate to identify several of the sterols was obtained. It was
      possible to separate the pairs: cholestanol, epicholestanol; coprostanol,
      epicoprostanol; 5 beta-cholestan-3 alpha and 3 beta-ol and lanosterol,
      dihydrolanosterol.

PMID- 6835040
TI  - Analysis of conjugated bile acids by high performance liquid chromatography and
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - Because of the known advantages of coupling high performance liquid
      chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in biological fluids, studies on
      the reversed-phase HPLC-MS system for direct analysis of conjugated bile acids in
      human bile samples are described. Ten samples of gallbladder bile of apparently
      healthy subjects were examined. The amounts of each tauro- and glycoconjugated
      bile acid as trifluoracetate were determined by mass fragmentography.
      Quantitation of at least 1 ng of each bile acid was possible.

PMID- 6835041
TI  - [System of rulers for determining the correlation between the level of computed
      tomograms and standard roentgenograms for irradiation planning].

PMID- 6835042
TI  - [Kinetics of 131-I microspheres of human serum albumin on administration into the
      lymphatic vessels].

PMID- 6835043
TI  - [Value of lymphoscintigraphy in oncological patients].

PMID- 6835044
TI  - [Computer processing of scintigrams for detecting areas of anomalous accumulation
      of radiopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 6835045
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone in adrenal gland
      tumors].

PMID- 6835046
TI  - [Behavior and biological effect of 239Pu on entry into a skin abrasion].

PMID- 6835047
TI  - [Effect of exogenous DNA on the functional activity of macrophages in
      experimental radiotherapy].

PMID- 6835048
TI  - [Dosimetric planning of biaxial mobile irradiation of uterine cancer].

PMID- 6835049
TI  - [Ionizing radiation as a cause of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6835051
TI  - [Role of uneven irradiation in present-day radiotherapy].

PMID- 6835050
TI  - [Comparison of the results of measuring the dosage in fast neutron fields on
      nuclear physics installations].

PMID- 6835052
TI  - [Short-term results of radio- and combination therapy of malignant tumors using
      metronidazole].

PMID- 6835053
TI  - [Dosimetric basis of mean fractionation in the irradiation of bone metastases in
      breast cancer].
AB  - Proceeding from the drawing of maps with biologically isoeffective percentage
      doses the authors provide a dosimetric substantiation of gamma-beam irradiation
      of different parts of the bony skeleton using the following irradiation scheme: a
      single dose of 4 Gy, 5-6 fractions daily. It has been shown that to choose a
      therapeutic plan in the utilization of a nonstandard scheme of fractionation, the
      calculation of the TDF factor by Orton's tables is safe and illustrative. By way
      of example are given maps of isoeffective doses used in the irradiation of bone
      metastases in breast cancer patients with metastases to different parts of the
      skeleton.

PMID- 6835054
TI  - [Realization of a radiation treatment plan in a moving-field irradiation regimen
      for patients with oral cavity tumors].
AB  - The authors propose an original means of the control over marking out and
      alignment for the implementation of a radiotherapeutic plan in the moving field
      irradiation regimen for patients with oral tumors. The purpose of the method is
      to get a cross-sectional tomogram of the zone under study and a one-time
      representation of the fluctuation center on it in accordance with the
      radiotherapeutic plan and marking out. To realize this goal a metal needle was
      used fixed on the tube of the tomograph x-ray tube in the plane that goes through
      the tube focus and pivotal axis round a patient.

PMID- 6835055
TI  - [System of attendant dosimetric control in the process of radiation therapy].

PMID- 6835056
TI  - [Stability of the optimal solution to the problem of determining optimal
      physicotechnical irradiation conditions].
AB  - The problem of determination of optimum physical and technical plans of
      irradiation often amounts to the problems of linear programming. To solve such a
      problem, it is necessary to calculate a matrix of conditions (dose rate in the
      system of distributed control points in the body during irradiation in different
      present directions). The purpose was to study the influence of errors of the
      calculation of dose rates upon the optimum irradiation plans. It has been
      established that though the task of determining optimum plans is a correct one,
      convergence of the solution of a disturbed problem to an initial one occurs
      extremely slowly. The optimum values of the functionals of a disturbed problem
      converge more rapidly to the functional of an initial problem. The comparison of
      optimum irradiation plans or optimum and traditional irradiation plans seems
      difficult. To compare different irradiation plans, it is more convenient to use
      the values of a specific function (optimum criteria).

PMID- 6835057
TI  - [Patterns of the formation of a dosage field in arranging 252Cf and 60Co sources
      in a single plane].
AB  - A computerized study was made of a change in the correlation between the sizes of
      an irradiated volume and the distribution of sources. Criteria have been
      established for the utilization of 252Cf and 60Co sources of different active
      length and design placed on the same plane. Reference dose rate and its
      derivatives have been chosen as the main parameters that characterize a dose
      field. A dosimetric analysis was performed using the data for an absorbed dose of
      neutrons in the tissue, taking account of high RBE of 252Cf fast neutrons that
      equals 6-7, and a slight change of the local RBE value near the source resulting
      from a change of the effective spectrum of neutrons in combination with the
      growth of a contribution of gamma-radiation into the summary dose with the
      removal from the source. The irradiated volume was evaluated by introducing 3
      linear parameters--length, thickness and width. It has been shown that the ratio
      of the length of an irradiated volume to the active length of 252Cf sources with
      radionuclide regular linear density changes from 0.7 with the isodose value of
      85% up to 0.97 with the isodose value of 60%. For 60Co sources with a higher
      linear density of the radionuclide on the edges the lower limit of this value
      equals 1. Intervals of changes in the rest of parameters have also been defined.
      The results obtained are presented graphically. The results of the study are used
      for a dosimetric control of the clinical trials of 252Cf and 60Co sources in the
      treatment of patients with tumors of the tongue, oral cavity fundus, lip and
      other sites.

PMID- 6835058
TI  - [High-efficiency ionization chambers for exposure meters in medical
      roentgenography].

PMID- 6835059
TI  - [Analytical description of the dose fields from accelerated electrons].
AB  - The paper is concerned with simple expressions describing dose fields in the
      water phantom from the betatron B5M-25 electron beam using the Fermi-Dirae
      distribution function. The peculiarity of these expressions is the utilization of
      such parameters that reflect the main characteristics of a dose field--the depth
      of distribution of 50% of the isodose and projection of the zone of a dose
      decline along the beam axis and in its transverse cross section. The expressions
      proposed here could be also used for other electron accelerators.

PMID- 6835060
TI  - [Evaluation of radiation treatment effectiveness using the rated standard dose
      (RSD) under different irradiation conditions].
AB  - In the evaluation of efficacy or while comparing various irradiation schemes with
      the help of the RSD concept one should consider the effect of various conditions
      of patient's irradiation (energy, a field size, dose rate, etc.) on the
      biological efficacy of absorbed energy. The radiobiological effect of various
      irradiation schemes should be evaluated by a common scale, therefore factors
      altering dose biological efficacy should be considered within the limits of the
      same RSD formula. In our opinion, there is no sense in individualizing the
      evaluation of an effect of the dose rate on the biological efficacy of
      radiotherapy as a separate RSD formula. The incorporation in the RSD formula of
      an empirical expression of RBE dependence on the dose rate within the range of
      0.13-300 Gy/hr. and factors of the dependence of dose biological efficacy on its
      spatial distribution (energy, a field size) gives an opportunity not only to
      consider more correctly changes in patient's irradiation from session to session
      but also makes it possible to apply it to fractionated and protracted irradiation
      schemes.

PMID- 6835061
TI  - [Use of the computer in planning the volume of the radiation treatment of oral
      cavity tumors].
AB  - A series of dose maps have been obtained on the basis of typical isodose maps for
      moving irradiation of patients with oral tumors, the doses being selected with
      the help of a specialized computer and dose calculation program for computer ES
      1020: in the main cross-sectional plane going through a tumor (y = 0) and in
      parallel planes 1 cm above [y = -(1-4)] and below [y = -(1-4)] from the main
      plane within the limits of an irradiation field -1 cm, dose fields have been
      formed in the sagittal (parasagittal) plane extending through the center of a
      tumor.

PMID- 6835062
TI  - [Mathematical model of normal tissue involvement in gamma teletherapy].
AB  - A model of normal tissue injury as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation is
      based on an assumption that the degree of tissue injury is determined by the
      degree of destruction by certain critical cells. The dependence of the number of
      lethal injuries on a single dose is expressed by a trinomial - linear and
      quadratic parts and a constant, obtained as a result of the processing of
      experimental data. Quantitative correlations have been obtained for the skin and
      brain. They have been tested using clinical and experimental material. The
      results of the testing point out to the absence of time dependence on a single up
      to 6-week irradiation courses. Correlation with an irradiation field has been
      obtained for the skin. A conclusion has been made as to, first, time lag blurring
      time dependence within a certain range of courses, second, the presence of a
      component of true regeneration of which the degree depends on the volume
      irradiated. Proceeding from such an understanding of injury-regeneration
      processes a conclusion has been made that the concept of isoefficacy of
      irradiation courses is conditional. Volume-time fractionation is a promising
      direction in the development of radiation therapy.

PMID- 6835064
TI  - [Special standard: SSBT. Radiation therapy rooms and departments. Safety
      requirements].

PMID- 6835063
TI  - [Use of time-dose-fractionation models in planning the radiation treatment of
      malignant tumors].
AB  - New methods of the fractionation of preoperative gamma-beam therapy for breast
      carcinoma and intracavitary irradiation of cervical cancer patients with 252Cf
      fast neutron sources have been devised and tested on the basis of the concept of
      a cumulative radiation effect (CRE) and the system of TDF factors at the Chair of
      Clinical Radiology, Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. In the
      selection of regimens of the fractionation of intracavitary irradiation of
      cervical cancer with 252Cf fast neutrons using the system of TDF factors one
      should take into account the RBE of the type of radiation that would be equal to
      5 by the criterion of a direct response of a tumor within the range of dose rates
      between 20-30s Gy/hr. Taking account of a short period of half-life of 252Cf
      sources fractionation schemes should be corrected from the view-point of the
      system of TDF factors not less than once in 2-3 mos.

PMID- 6835065
TI  - [Experience in using the small PMB-6E betatron for the radiation treatment of
      oncological patients].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the first results of treatment of 46 patients with
      tumors of the skin, oral mucosa and other sites using the Soviet small-size PMB
      6E betatron with the energy of fast electrons at 6 MeV. The performance of the
      unit and different variants of dosimetric therapeutic plans of the fast electron
      beam are presented. Electron therapy with the energy of 6 MeV was mostly used in
      patients with head and neck tumors. Intra-oral irradiation with fast electrons
      was given to 4 patients with cancer of the moving part of the tongue and 5
      patients with cancer of the fundic oral mucosa, the soft palate and the buccal
      mucosa in the form of combined or concomitant therapy. Summary focal doses in
      irradiation with fast electrons were 45-63 Gy for a combined or radical
      therapeutic course. A noticeable tumor regression was observed in patients with
      cancer of the skin, vermilion border and breast cancer recurrences. Though there
      were very few cases the results of concomitant and combined radiotherapy of
      cancer of the oral mucosa were promising. The first results of clinical
      application of the small-size PMB-6E betatron have shown its high efficacy for
      the treatment of superficial tumors.

PMID- 6835066
TI  - [Use of dibunol in treating radiation injuries to the skin and mucosa].
AB  - The authors present the results of the use of dibunol in the form of liniment (1
      10%) for the treatment of radiation cystitis and rectitis resulting from
      radiation therapy of small pelvic tumors, epidermitis and epithelitis that
      develop in the course of treatment of skin and lower lip tumors. A high efficacy
      of the drug in the therapy of radiation injury has been shown in 212 patients.

PMID- 6835067
TI  - [Radioimmunological determination of thyrotropic hormone, triiodothyronine and
      thyroxine in lymphogranulomatosis during radiation and combined therapy].
AB  - The basal levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxin and the thyrotropic hormone were
      determined in the blood serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease prior to and
      shortly after radio- and multimodality therapy. Statistically significant
      reduction of the T3 concentration and elevation of TTH level were revealed in the
      blood of patients before treatment as compared to the control group. The above
      changes do not disappear immediately after radio- and multimodality therapy.

PMID- 6835068
TI  - [Modelling of organ blood flow in computer gamma scintigraphy].
AB  - The determination of the relative blood flow in organs is sometimes of greater
      diagnostic importance than the estimation of respective absolute indices. A
      detailed analysis of indispensable mathematical calculations is presented. The
      authors propose an algorithm and optimum sequence of calculations of relative
      organ perfusion using computer. The paper can be of wide applied importance.

PMID- 6835069
TI  - [Prevention of radiation injuries during multifractionation in radiation
      therapy].
AB  - A radiobiological substantiation of a method of multifractionation and a review
      of the results of its clinical application are presented. The authors have
      developed a method to calculate a cumulative radiation effect and the TDF factor
      in radiation therapy with multiple dose fractionation in the form of several
      sessions daily. This method can be used to prevent the radiation-caused
      complications.

PMID- 6835070
TI  - [Radionuclide assessment of urodynamics and kidney function in prostatic
      sclerosis patients (before and after surgery)].
AB  - A study was made of 137 patients with prostatic sclerosis ranging in age from 14
      to 79. Basing on the results of clinical, x-ray and radionuclide examination of
      patients with prostatic sclerosis 3 degrees of disturbed urodynamics of the lower
      urinary tract have been singled out for this disease entity: compensated,
      subcompensated and decompensated. In accordance with the above degrees of the
      disturbed urodynamics groups of patients have been analysed before and after
      surgery (partial and subtotal resection of the prostate and prostatectomy).
      Prostatic sclerosis has been shown to cause changes in the urine output rate, the
      time of urination and residual urine. The UFM index is lowered as compared to the
      normal one more than 6 times. Residual urine (RU) reached 234.0 +/- 62.2 ml, the
      time of urination is extended by more than 2.4 times. It has been established
      that disturbed permeability of the posterior urethra results in the disturbance
      of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract, separate and summary renal
      function. Radionuclide investigation helped to study the long-term results of
      operation efficacy by the reparation of the urodynamics in 91 patients with
      prostatic sclerosis. In most of the patients, the urodynamic indices returned to
      normal or improved: in 78.2% of the patients with prostatic sclerosis, the time
      of urination returned to normal, in 21.2% the time reduced. The UFM index
      returned to normal in 36.2% of the patients, in 40.6% it was moderately reduced,
      and in 23.0%, it remained sharply reduced. RU over 100 ml was determined in 6.5%
      of the patients only. After reparation of the permeability of the posterior
      urethra renal function either returned to normal or greatly improved in 37.9% of
      the patients. In 52.5% of the patients, renal function did not reach normal
      however, gradually improving it got stable at a certain level which was
      sufficient for the improved conditions of a patient and his future life.

PMID- 6835071
TI  - [Assessment of the passage of urine in the upper urinary tract based on
      radionuclide renographic data].
AB  - A group of 516 patients was studied using the routine renographic method. It can
      be admitted that 3 min after registration of maximum radioactivity in the kidney
      the curve of the radionephrogram in the interval of 7 min and that of
      radioactivity in the cardiac area within the same time interval are similar.
      Proceeding from this supposition coefficients of intensity of hippuran
      comparative outflow from the kidneys (K), from the kidney and blood (D) have been
      proposed. Using K and D coefficients the criteria of an extent of urinary passage
      delay from the upper urinary tract were determined. It has been established that
      renal function increases with age; therefore, age should be taken into
      consideration while assessing renographic results. In nephroptosis due to kidney
      forward shift the renal function index is to be understated. Renography has been
      shown advantageous in the evaluation of urine function and passage before
      chromocystoscopy in cancer patients.

PMID- 6835073
TI  - [Effect of bovine and porcine calcitrin on bone tissue regeneration of irradiated
      jaws in an experiment].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of swine and bovine calcitrine (CT) on the
      reparation of irradiated maxillary osseous tissue in 240 rats using histological
      and histochemical methods. Both types of CT have shown a similar unidirectional
      effect: the weakening of post-irradiation resorption, the strengthening of
      osteogenesis, increased preservation of osteogenic cells, and the return of
      glycosoaminoglycan metabolism to normal. The efficacy of action of swine CT
      proved to be one order higher as compared to bovine. The authors are of opinion
      that the most rational dose of swine CT under the conditions of this experiment
      is 0.2 units/kg to stimulate a quickened method of bone formation. At the onset
      of treatment an elevation of the hormone dose with its gradual decrease to the
      optimum one is permissible.

PMID- 6835072
TI  - [Radiation and combination treatment of breast cancer metastases to the lungs].
AB  - The authors describe methodological and clinical results of the so-called large
      field irradiation of 56 patients with breast cancer metastases to the lungs. Of
      these, 46 received radiotherapy alone, 10 radiotherapy in combination with
      polychemotherapy using the CMF scheme (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5
      fluorouracil). As a result of radiotherapy (46 women), a noticeable objective
      response was achieved in 44% of the cases; among 10 patients on multimodality
      therapy it was achieved in 4. Average remission was 9 mos. in the 1st group and 8
      mos. in the 2nd group. The patients were treated in the outpatient department.
      Proceeding from our experience radio- and multimodality therapy can be used as
      conservative therapy for patients with breast cancer metastases to the lungs.

PMID- 6835074
TI  - [Calculation of the dose distribution with time in the planning of radiation
      treatment].
AB  - Until recently the effect of a dose fractionation regimen was disregarded in
      radiation therapy planning. A devised method of the calculation of iso-TDF-dose
      maps made it possible to obtain iso-effective distributions where radiation
      exposures in different dose fractionation regimens are presented in the form of
      isoline in TDF units. The method of the calculation of iso-effective maps allowed
      us to analyse the effect of the procedure of the implementation of a
      radiotherapeutic plan and the conditions of dose rate fixing. The author cites by
      way of an example the calculation of a 3-field static irradiation of esophageal
      cancer with 5 fractions a week. All possible variants of the implementation of
      this therapeutic plan were studied. Daily irradiation of all the planned fields
      has been shown optimum. This conclusion is corroborated by the literature data.
      The absolute value of the TDF factor in the adjacent healthy organs and tissues
      increases noticeably using in the calculations isodose curves fixed to the dose
      in the focus depth as compared to the dose fixing on the surface. Isoeffective
      maps can be successfully used for an analysis of clinical and therapeutic
      results.

PMID- 6835075
TI  - [Radioimmunological determination of the level of serum ferritin in liver
      diseases].
AB  - Altogether 113 patients with different hepatic diseases and 35 persons of the
      control group were examined. A significant difference in the level of serum
      ferritin was found in patients with cancer of extrahepatic site without hepatic
      metastases and in patients with metastatic involvement of the liver. In the
      patients with diagnosed cancer of extrahepatic site, the level of serum ferritin
      higher than 300 micrograms/l for men and 200 micrograms/l for women was the sign
      of metastatic involvement of the liver. Significant difference in the level of
      serum ferritin in patients with malignant and benign focal hepatic lesions can
      serve as an additional criterion for differential diagnosis of these diseases.

PMID- 6835076
TI  - [Information support for system research programs in medical roentgenoradiology].
AB  - Aspects of information provision of system comprehensive programmes and their
      subprogrammes formulated in the field of roentgenology and radiology are
      discussed. One of the main tasks of the information service is stressed, escort
      and immediate information provision of system comprehensive scientific and
      technologic programmes.

PMID- 6835077
TI  - [Depressive diseases in general and internal medicine practice].

PMID- 6835078
TI  - [Biochemistry and pathobiochemistry of the coenzymes cobalamin and folic acid.
      Recent scientific and clinical aspects].

PMID- 6835080
TI  - [Liability for contaminated infusions].

PMID- 6835079
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung (so-called plasma cell granuloma)].

PMID- 6835081
TI  - [Information responsibility to relatives of the patient].

PMID- 6835082
TI  - [Required risk explantation is plausible].

PMID- 6835083
TI  - [Preliminary medical exams: whose problem? A current short analysis].

PMID- 6835084
TI  - [Adipositas, lipedema and lymphostasis].

PMID- 6835085
TI  - [Critical comparison of various therapeutic methods in adipositas].

PMID- 6835086
TI  - [Increased erythema-inducing dosage with decreasing ozone concentration in the
      atmosphere].

PMID- 6835087
TI  - [Clinical classification of benzodiazepines from a kinetico-pharmacological
      viewpoint].

PMID- 6835088
TI  - [Are mean +/- 2s ranges useful diagnostic aids?].

PMID- 6835089
TI  - [Dopaminergic regulation of hormone secretion of the pituitary gland and the
      adrenal gland].

PMID- 6835090
TI  - Analysis of the logical structure of diagnosis and treatment of primary glaucoma.

PMID- 6835091
TI  - Effects of prevalence and test diagnosticity upon clinical judgements of
      probability.

PMID- 6835092
TI  - Reliability analysis of medical imaging systems based on observer studies.

PMID- 6835093
TI  - A computer-assisted register and information system for diabetes.

PMID- 6835094
TI  - On the lead time of a periodic screening program.

PMID- 6835095
TI  - Microvascular exchange of albumin.
AB  - The transcapillary exchange of albumin was examined in seven rabbits using plasma
      disappearance curves and black box kinetic analysis. From the experimental data
      and the Renkin and Kedem-Katchalsky equations it was found that the average whole
      body diffusional capillary permeability coefficient for albumin was 24 X 10(-8)
      cm/sec as the total whole body capillary permeability-surface area product was
      0.0739 ml/100 g X min (surface area estimate 50 cm2/g). The convective components
      of the net albumin tracer flux was found to be 15%, and the pure permeation ratio
      of influx to outflux (R = 0.61) of systemic albumin was reduced to 0.57. The
      solvent drag component of either unidirectional flux relative to the permeative
      component was 0.037. The Casley-Smith hypothesis of solvent drag convection up a
      gradient across the capillary membrane could not be verified as possible. It is
      emphasized that the so-called transcapillary escape rate is an arbitrary rate
      constant which cannot be attributed to reflect any physiological process,
      especially not the transcapillary exchange of albumin.

PMID- 6835096
TI  - Oxygen transport in resting and contracting hamster cremaster muscles:
      experimental and theoretical microvascular studies.
AB  - Intravital microscopy of the superfused cremaster muscle was used to measure the
      density, diameter, length, hematocrit, red cell velocity, and red cell flux in
      capillaries of the pentobarbital-anesthetized hamster. Oxygen microelectrodes
      were used to measure oxygen tension (Po2) at a position 75-100 micrometers deep
      in the muscle between the venous ends of capillaries and, very importantly, at
      the superfusate-muscle interface. These parameters were measured in resting and
      contracting muscles and under three values of superfusate Po2: low (8mm Hg),
      medium (40 mm Hg), and high (75 mm Hg). These data were complete enough to be
      useful input parameters in a recently developed mathematical model of oxygen
      transport in exposed tissue (A. S. Popel, 1981, Math. Biosci. 55, 231-246). The
      model indicated that with high superfusate Po2, oxygen was supplied to the
      resting muscle almost exclusively from the superfusate because of the
      vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow. Oxygen consumption of the resting muscle
      was estimated to be 0.4 ml O2/100 ml tissue X min, assuming muscle oxygen
      consumption was uniform and independent of Po2 above 1 mm Hg. The estimated rise
      in oxygen consumption with exercise was four to eight times resting muscle
      values, which agrees with previously published data. Also, the model predicted an
      inlet capillary Po2 of 27 mm Hg with a low superfusate Po2, which is consistent
      with the few available direct measurements. The model emphasized that with
      measurement of the Po2 at the superfusate-tissue interface, the complex O2
      transport effects of the superfusate can be accurately characterized. Measurement
      of this and other parameters of the model leads to a potentially useful
      prediction of the Po2 distribution within tissues under a variety of conditions.

PMID- 6835097
TI  - Lymphatic absorption from the peritoneal cavity: regulation of patency of
      mesothelial stomata.

PMID- 6835098
TI  - Plasmalemmal vesicles in pulmonary capillary endothelium of developing fetal lamb
      lungs.
AB  - In adult mammalian lungs pinocytotic vesicles (PV) play a role in macromolecular
      transport across endothelium. The time course of their development in fetal lungs
      was examined. Morphometric techniques were used to measure the relative capillary
      volume as percentage of lung volume. Mean diameter (D), numerical density (Nv),
      and endothelial fractional volume (Vv) represented by PV were determined in
      randomly selected capillaries, measuring 5.3-8.4 microns in diameter, from right
      upper (RUL) and left lower (LLL) lobes of lungs from fetal lambs ranging in
      gestational ages from 39 to 144 days. Three newborn lambs, 1 hr after birth, were
      also examined. There was a 20-fold increase in the volume density of capillaries
      during the period studied. The vesicular D +/- SD was 739.6 +/- 4.1 and 735.1 +/-
      2.8 A in RUL and LLL, respectively, and remained unchanged throughout gestation.
      By contrast, following a gradual increase in Nv from 24.7 to 65.1/microns3 in the
      glandular stage (39-85 days), there was a rapid rise in Nv during both
      canalicular (95-121 days) and alveolar (130-144 days) stages of development,
      reaching a final Nv of 254.8/microns3. In newborn lambs, 1 hr after birth, there
      was no significant change in Nv. There was a significant correlation between Nv
      and fetal age, but there was no difference in Nv between RUL and LLL at any time.
      Thus, a more than 10-fold increase in Nv of PV occurs in ovine pulmonary
      capillary endothelium during gestation, the biochemical and/or physiological
      basis of which remains to be determined. By contrast, observations made on coated
      vesicles indicate that Nv of these structures does not change with gestation.

PMID- 6835099
TI  - Morphometric and physiological studies of alveolar microvessels in dog lungs in
      vivo after sustained increases in pulmonary microvascular pressures and after
      sustained decreases in plasma oncotic pressures.
AB  - Previous investigations from this laboratory of isolated-perfused dog lungs have
      shown that volume densities of vesicles in both capillary endothelial and type I
      epithelial cells are substantially increased after acute, severe edema produced
      by increasing microvascular pressures (D. O. DeFouw and P. B. Berendsen, 1978,
      Circ. Res. 43, 72-82) and after decreasing macromolecular concentrations of the
      perfusate (D. O. DeFouw and P. B. Berendsen, 1979, Microvasc. Res. 17, 90-103).
      The present study provides morphometric evaluations of alveolar vessel
      endothelium of the lungs of intact dogs after episodes of sustained increased
      microvascular pressures and after sustained decreases of plasma oncotic
      pressures. Endothelial vesicular volume densities did not increase in either
      case. Fluid accumulation was found in the extraalveolar connective tissue spaces
      (mainly perivascular); no changes of endothelial or interstitial compartmental
      thicknesses were observed on either the thin or thick sides of the alveolar
      septa. Thus, if the increased outward filtration to be expected from the
      increased hydrostatic or decreased oncotic pressures occurred in the
      microvasculature, it was moderated by increased hydrostatic and decreased oncotic
      pressures in the tissues or was accommodated by increased lymph flow rates. Our
      tentative hypothesis that increased septal interstitial pressure plays a role in
      initiating vesicle formation in alveolar endothelial cells is consistent with
      these data if the postulated increases of tissue pressure are less than in the
      isolated perfused preparations. Our data do not provide support for the concept
      that endothelial vesicles play a major, early role in the development of
      pulmonary edema.

PMID- 6835100
TI  - Capillary diameter and geometry in cardiac and skeletal muscle studied by means
      of corrosion casts.
AB  - Studies of microvascular geometry made from microscope observations of tissues in
      vivo or after perfusion with a silastic elastomer or india ink are restricted to
      a two-dimensional field of view. Microvascular corrosion casts, however, if of
      sufficient rigidity and structural integrity, can yield three-dimensional
      information when examined under the scanning electron microscope. We have used
      modified Batson's No. 17 anatomical casting compound (having a shrinkage less
      than 1% on setting) to prepare casts of the microvasculature of the heart and
      skeletal muscles in anesthetized rats. In casts from the L. ventricle the
      capillary network appeared to parallel the arrangement of the muscle fibers, but
      showed many capillary loops and anastomoses. In skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius
      and gracilis) held at full extension, in situ, the casts showed long straight
      capillaries with fewer branchings than in the heart. In shortened skeletal muscle
      the capillaries exhibited an undulatory configuration. Capillary diameters (mean
      +/- SD) were 5.14 +/- 1.42 micrometers (N = 202), 5.04 +/- 1.45 micrometers (N =
      294) and 4.84 +/- 1.97 micrometers (N = 335) in L. ventricle, gastrocnemius, and
      gracilis muscles (both shortened), respectively. The mean values for capillary
      diameter in these three tissues did not differ significantly. Combining our data
      with those of L. Henquell, P. L. LaCelle, and C. R. Honig on erythrocyte
      deformability in the rat (Microvasc. Res. 12, 259-274 (1976)) suggests that even
      when the capillary bed is fully distended the smallest capillaries, amounting to
      1-2% of the total number, must be channels for plasma flow alone. In cross
      sectional views of the casts from contracted skeletal muscle the capillaries
      appeared to form a tightly meshed network of convoluted vessels around the
      fibers, such that in some regions a large fraction of the surface of each fiber
      was in contact with blood. The Krogh cylinder geometry appears not to be
      appropriate for modeling O2 transport in maximally shortened skeletal muscle; a
      more appropriate model may be that of a cylindrical muscle fiber supplied, at any
      point down its length, by a uniform peripheral O2 supply.

PMID- 6835102
TI  - Here's the kind of trouble poor records may create.

PMID- 6835101
TI  - Differentiated distribution of the cell surface charge on the alveolar-capillary
      unit. Characteristic paucity of anionic sites on the air-blood barrier.
AB  - The distribution of the surface charge on the cells which constitute the air
      blood barrier was investigated by perfusing cationized ferritin (CF) into the
      vasculature or into the airways of the mouse lung. Binding of CF is selective and
      defines highly differentiated domains. The most salient finding is that the air
      blood barrier proper that includes type I epithelial cell and part of the
      corresponding avesicular area of the endothelial cell has very few or lacks
      anionic sites. In the vesicular area of endothelial cells the plasma membrane
      binds CF homogenously, with the exception of the membrane of plasmalemmal
      vesicles and transendothelial channels and their associated diaphragms. In
      contradistinction to the luminal surface of the type I epithelial cell, which is
      virtually devoid of anionic sites, CF decorates heavily the luminal surface of
      type II epithelial cells, up to the level of the junction with type I epithelial
      cells. Extruded lamellar bodies and tubular myelin also binds CF, presumably due
      to the phosphate groups of the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. The cell surface
      of the alveolar macrophages has relatively few binding sites for CF, but
      significant internalization of the latter occurs at early time intervals. The
      preferential distribution of anionic sites on cell surfaces of the alveolar
      capillary unit may be influential in the transport of molecules and gases across
      various regions of the air-blood barrier.

PMID- 6835103
TI  - Legal counsel advises MDs to learn to live with mandatory coverage.

PMID- 6835104
TI  - Arbitration can succeed if ruled constitutional.

PMID- 6835105
TI  - MSMS finds 35 percent increase in reported closed claims in Michigan.

PMID- 6835107
TI  - Revised alternative minimum tax requires careful tax planning.

PMID- 6835106
TI  - MPMLC looks ahead to 1983.

PMID- 6835108
TI  - Physicians must compete on economic as well as political levels.

PMID- 6835109
TI  - Good medical records can be strongest malpractice defense.

PMID- 6835110
TI  - Toxic substances risk assessment; elements of evaluation.

PMID- 6835111
TI  - Physicians help themselves by helping refugee families.

PMID- 6835112
TI  - Here is MSMS response to state report on MD reimbursement.

PMID- 6835113
TI  - The Greater Detroit Area Hospital Council's ambulatory care pilot study: results
      and recommendations.

PMID- 6835114
TI  - Large percentage of malpractice cases begin right on the medical records.

PMID- 6835115
TI  - Corporate black sheep.

PMID- 6835116
TI  - Advertising, cigarettes and young smokers.

PMID- 6835118
TI  - The battle to reduce smoking.

PMID- 6835117
TI  - Caught in the sidestream.

PMID- 6835119
TI  - Shameless tobacco advertising.

PMID- 6835120
TI  - Smoking, alcohol and squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity and gullet.

PMID- 6835121
TI  - An ounce of prevention, a pound of promotion.

PMID- 6835122
TI  - The 1982 Western Australian Smoking and Tobacco Products Advertisements Bill.

PMID- 6835123
TI  - Legislative experience of Canada.

PMID- 6835124
TI  - Innovative legislation for a cigarette disability tax.

PMID- 6835125
TI  - The effect of cessation of smoking on the accumulative survival rates of patients
      with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - A study of the accumulative survival rates of 133 patients with symptomatic
      peripheral vascular disease was carried out comparing the survival rates of
      tobacco smokers and non-smokers. Within the smoking group, those who continued to
      smoke after the surgery were compared to those who ceased smoking. Of these
      patients with peripheral vascular disease, 86% were, or had been, smokers. Their
      survival rates were less than for those who had never been smokers. Of the
      smoking group, those who claimed to have ceased smoking had almost twice the
      chance of surviving five years than those who continued to smoke. From these
      data, we conclude that it is never too late to stop the smoking habit.

PMID- 6835126
TI  - Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy: an epidemiological study in
      Tasmania.
AB  - Smoking and alcohol ingestion were analysed in 5100 women confined in Tasmania in
      1981. This represented 70% of the total number of confinements. The incidence of
      smoking throughout pregnancy was 33.6%, and 2.7% of the women studied smoked at
      some time during pregnancy. Alcohol consumption in pregnancy was recorded for
      55.9% of patients. However, 99% were only occasional drinkers. There was a
      statistically higher incidence in smoking habits in the age group 20 years and
      under, the unmarried and the lower socio-economic classes, whereas the reverse
      was true for alcohol consumption. The analysis provides a basis for the groups
      toward which programmes should be directed.

PMID- 6835127
TI  - Position statement by the Australian Medical Association on the tobacco industry
      and advertising.

PMID- 6835128
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis.

PMID- 6835129
TI  - Visual display units (VDUs)

PMID- 6835130
TI  - Treatment of bacterial meningitis without intravenous fluids.

PMID- 6835131
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
AB  - Two cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis are reported to draw attention to this
      fulminating fungal disease. Both patients had diabetes, and presented with a
      rapidly progressive orbital apex syndrome.

PMID- 6835132
TI  - On artificial limbs.

PMID- 6835133
TI  - Whitehouse v. Jordan. A forceps delivery by advocates.

PMID- 6835134
TI  - Recurrent vomiting in adults. A syndrome?
AB  - Recurrent vomiting in adults is characterized by episodes of forceful vomiting
      which last several hours and recur at inconstant intervals; patients are free
      from symptoms between episodes. The series comprised 17 male and 14 female
      patients whose ages ranged from 14 to 69 years. In 10 patients, the vomiting
      attacks were accompanied by diarrhoea, and in 10 by abdominal pain. Eight
      patients suffered from bilious vomiting in childhood, and 11 patients had
      migraine. Five patients gave a family history of recurrent vomiting. Management
      necessitated a sympathetic approach and balanced investigation. Prochlorperazine
      administered by injection was helpful in the alleviation of an acute attack, but
      the possible value of more specific antimigraine therapy remains to be
      established. Evidence supports a link with migraine, which has an association
      with other gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel and oesophageal
      reflux. In cases in which pain is prominent, cholelithiasis should be carefully
      excluded, but cholecystectomy did not always cure vomiting attacks.

PMID- 6835135
TI  - Gliadin subfraction skin test for the diagnosis of coeliac disease.
AB  - Skin hypersensitivity to a gliadin subfraction (Fraction 3) was tested in
      patients with coeliac disease, patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and
      controls. Those with coeliac disease showed substantially greater
      hypersensitivity than controls, but there was no significant difference between
      the frequency of hypersensitivity in patients with coeliac disease and in those
      with inflammatory bowel disease. Fraction 3 did not provide a sufficiently
      specific skin reaction to be of use in the diagnosis of coeliac disease.

PMID- 6835136
TI  - Genetic screening of newborn in Australia. Results for 1981.
AB  - Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by the Guthrie
      bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 3 017 703 infants have
      been tested in Australia. Two hundred and fifty-one cases of PKU (0.83/10 000)
      and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA)
      (0.02/10 000) have been detected. In 1981, 11 infants with PKU were detected.
      Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in seven States, and 66
      new cases were detected in 1981 (2.13/10 000). In Adelaide, 154 310 infants have
      been tested for galactosaemia and a total of seven cases have now been detected
      (0.45/10 000). In New South Wales, 35 955 infants have been tested for cystic
      fibrosis of the pancreas, and 17 cases were found (4.73/10 000).

PMID- 6835137
TI  - Trends in Aboriginal mortality.

PMID- 6835138
TI  - Oestrogen receptors and breast carcinoma.

PMID- 6835139
TI  - Scoliosis screening in the Kimberleys.

PMID- 6835140
TI  - Chiropractic referral by medical practitioners.

PMID- 6835141
TI  - Mortality rates in 14 Queensland Aboriginal reserve communities.
AB  - We report the results of an age standardized comparison of the mortality rates of
      Queenslanders and persons living in 14 Aboriginal reserves (or communities) in
      Queensland. The analysis distinguishes four categories of cause of death. For all
      causes of death, mortality rates for people living on reserves exceeded the rates
      for the comparable Queensland population. On some Aboriginal reserves mortality
      rates were substantially higher than on others. Mortality rates from infectious
      diseases on some reserves were 200 (Doomadgee, Woorabinda) to 300 (Lockhart
      River) times those which prevailed in Queensland as a whole.

PMID- 6835142
TI  - Mortality rates in 14 Queensland Aboriginal reserve communities. Association with
      10 socioenvironmental variables.
AB  - Age-standardized comparisons of mortality rates from four causes in 14 Aboriginal
      reserves and communities in Queensland were examined. The 14 reserves were
      allocated to two groups within 10 socioenvironmental variables. The findings
      point to an association between Queensland government Aboriginal policy, the
      administration of reserves, and the consequent mortality rates of the residents
      of these reserves.

PMID- 6835143
TI  - Hormone-receptor assays in breast cancer. A five-year experience.
AB  - Over a five-year period, from 1976 to 1981, hormone-receptor assays were
      performed in breast cancer specimens from 1868 women and 10 men. Oestrogen,
      progesterone, and androgen receptor results were distributed from zero to high
      levels without any clear separation into identifiable groups, which suggests that
      the division of results into negative and positive is an arbitrary one. The
      number of positive results increased significantly during the course of the
      study, probably due to improved tissue handling and increasing experience with
      assays. Over-all results showed that 61% of primary breast cancers in women
      compared with only 49% of secondary cancers gave positive results for oestrogen
      receptor. The incidence of progesterone and androgen receptors was also higher in
      primary cancers than in secondary cancers. In women with primary cancers, 72% of
      cancers were women with primary cancers, 72% of cancers were oestrogen-receptor
      positive in women after menopause, whereas in those before menopause only 48%
      were positive. Oestrogen receptor was detected in nine out of 10 male breast
      cancers.

PMID- 6835144
TI  - Consequences of removal of a "normal" appendix.
AB  - Five hundred consecutive cases of appendicectomy were reviewed. The incidence of
      non-inflamed appendices removed at operation was 29.6% and was nearly twice as
      high in females than in males (P less than 0.001). The incidence of perforated
      appendices in patients with acute appendicitis was low (6.5%), and there were no
      deaths. Postoperative complications, mostly infections occurred in 6.7% of
      patients with a non-inflamed appendix and in 19.3% of patients with appendicitis
      (P less than 0.001). No features of the history or examination were sufficiently
      discriminatory to enable a definite diagnosis to be reliably established before
      operation. Appendicectomy remains the safest management option in patients with
      suspected appendicitis in whom diagnostic doubt remains after thorough clinical
      evaluation and observation.

PMID- 6835146
TI  - Asthmatic reactions to a commonly used aerosol insect killer.
AB  - Seven patients with asthma and a history of chest tightness on exposure to
      aerosol insecticide sprays were studied. Under controlled conditions, objective
      measures of airways narrowing were taken before and after exposure to an aerosol
      insect killer (Mortein Pressure Pak). Chest tightness described as asthma was
      produced in all seven subjects, but only one showed a greater than 20% fall in
      FEV1, compared to baseline values. A further two subjects showed small changes in
      the maximum mid-expiratory flow rate. No changes were observed in the subjects'
      sensitivity to inhaled histamine before, and 24 hours after, exposure to the
      insecticide. Thus, exposure to a commonly used household insecticide spray
      produced marked symptoms in all subjects, but objective evidence of airways
      obstruction was present in only three, and no changes in bronchial reactivity to
      inhaled histamine occurred in any of the subjects.

PMID- 6835145
TI  - Treatment of caroticocavernous fistulae with detachable balloons introduced by
      percutaneous catheterization.
AB  - Five patients with caroticocavernous fistula were treated by new, interventional
      angiographic techniques. In four patients, latex balloons filled with a silicone
      polymer were introduced into the cavernous sinus via the transfemoral route and
      detached; this resulted in complete obliteration of the caroticocavernous fistula
      and preservation of the internal carotid artery flow in two of the four patients.
      In the fifth patient, stainless steel coils were introduced into the cavernous
      sinus via the superior ophthalmic vein which had previously been surgically
      exposed. These percutaneous, angiographic techniques of intervention should be
      considered the initial treatment of choice for caroticocavernous fistulae.

PMID- 6835147
TI  - Pseudomonas folliculitis associated with the use of health-spa whirlpools.
AB  - The occurrence of pustular folliculitis in eight people after the use of health
      spa whirlpools is described for the first time in Australia. The lesions were
      discovered ad identified during the peak season in two resorts in the Snowy
      Mountains area near Jindabyne, New South Wales. Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      identified as serotype 0:6, was isolated from pus swabs of the lesions, water in
      the spa pools and pool filters.

PMID- 6835148
TI  - Sunlight and melanoma.

PMID- 6835149
TI  - Total patient management in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6835150
TI  - Video games as physiotherapy.

PMID- 6835152
TI  - Swallowed foreign bodies.

PMID- 6835151
TI  - Fictitious masses.

PMID- 6835153
TI  - A unipapillary kidney by any other name...

PMID- 6835154
TI  - Shortage of doctors in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 6835155
TI  - "Super ball" lodged in larynx.

PMID- 6835156
TI  - Postpartum alopecia and zinc.

PMID- 6835157
TI  - Geographical distribution of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland.
AB  - Queensland has the highest incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the world, and the
      reported incidence has more than doubled in the last 15 years. The general
      geographical distribution of melanoma patients correlates negatively with
      latitude on a world scale. This suggests that exposure to solar ultraviolet rays
      is aetiologically important. The geographical distribution of melanoma patients
      in Queensland was examined by reviewing the residential addresses of all incident
      cases in a 12-month period from July 1, 1979, and no association with latitude
      was found. Rather there was a significantly increased incidence of melanoma in
      coastal, compared to inland, regions. When the distribution of doses of erythemal
      solar ultraviolet radiation in Queensland is examined, taking into account the
      effects of cloud cover, surface reflectance, and human behaviour, the observed
      regional differences in incidence may yet be explained by the variation in actual
      exposure to ultraviolet radiation received by the population.

PMID- 6835158
TI  - Streptococcus suis meningitis. An important underdiagnosed disease in Hong Kong.
AB  - Streptococcus suis has been identified as the most common cause of meningitis in
      adults in Hong Kong. The disease is characterized by occupational exposure to
      pigs or pork. It occurs in summer, and is associated with early, severe, sensory
      deafness, arthritis, uveitis, and loss of balance. Examination of the
      cerebrospinal fluid may show an elevated white cell count with a predominance of
      either polymorphs or lymphocytes. Misinterpretation of the microbiological
      findings by inexperienced staff members may lead to a failure to correctly
      diagnose this disease. This is the first report of a series of cases of Strept.
      suis meningitis outside western Europe. Health authorities are urged to be aware
      of this disease in pork-consuming countries.

PMID- 6835159
TI  - Pressure sores.

PMID- 6835160
TI  - The physiotherapist.

PMID- 6835161
TI  - Preparation and administration of antineoplastic agents. Risks and
      recommendations.

PMID- 6835162
TI  - Guidelines and recommendations for safe handling of antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 6835163
TI  - Leg oedema due to bladder overdistension.
AB  - Peripheral oedema due to pelvic vein compression is a rare complication of
      bladder overdistension. Case reports in the literature are few and all have
      concerned bladder overdistension in men. We report what we believe to be the
      first case of peripheral oedema due to an overdistended bladder in an adult
      woman. Pari passu with the relief of bladder obstruction there was resolution of
      pelvic vein compression and peripheral oedema.

PMID- 6835164
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in adults.
AB  - Two cases of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in adults area described. In
      both patients, the clinical picture of the adult respiratory distress syndrome,
      with marked tachypnoea. hypoxaemia and bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates,
      was present. One patient had systemic lupus erythematosus, while the other had
      chronic obstructive lung disease and was a heavy drinker of alcohol. Both
      patients survived and recovered after a prolonged stay in hospital.

PMID- 6835165
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus: patient education and self care].

PMID- 6835166
TI  - [Pubertal emaciation: clinical picture and therapy].

PMID- 6835167
TI  - [New infectious diseases].

PMID- 6835168
TI  - Streptokinase for acute coronary artery thrombosis.

PMID- 6835169
TI  - Intravenous acyclovir (Zovirax).

PMID- 6835170
TI  - Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis for travelers.

PMID- 6835171
TI  - Self-monitoring methods for blood glucose.

PMID- 6835172
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia complicated by severe cytophagocytosis of formed
      blood elements by nonmalignant histiocytes: cause of significant clinical
      morbidity.
AB  - A 52-year-old female presented with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia and a morphologically benign-appearing histiocytosis with
      intramedullary cytophagocytosis of formed blood elements. No cause of the
      reactive histiocytosis could be found. Despite initial successful therapy of the
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with induction of a cytological remission,
      pancytopenia with marked cytophagocytosis persisted. Therapy aimed at reducing
      the degree of cytophagocytosis by the histiocytes, in the form of vinblastine
      treated platelets and, subsequently, prednisone, was instituted. There was no
      significant clinical response to either therapeutic maneuver. Cytophagocytosis
      persisted until leukemic relapse and death ensued.

PMID- 6835173
TI  - Posttransfusion hepatitis in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: lack of a beneficial
      influence.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANNL) entered complete
      remission (CR) and survived 16 weeks following induction therapy with high-dose
      timed sequential chemotherapy without maintenance therapy. These patients were
      analyzed to test the hypothesis that acute posttransfusion hepatitis (APTH) has a
      beneficial influence on the course of ANNL. Ten patients developed evidence of
      APTH while 25 did not. Median length of CR was 22 weeks for both groups while
      median survival was longer in patients not developing APTH (75 weeks vs 58 weeks)
      (P greater than 0.5). Possible explanations for the discrepancy between these
      results and those previously reported are discussed.

PMID- 6835174
TI  - Unusual metastatic pattern in testicular malignant teratoma.
AB  - A 25-year-old man presented with a malignant teratoma of the right testicle.
      After orchidectomy, the results of the surgical staging procedure were negative.
      Although pulmonary metastasis did not occur, massive bone marrow involvement with
      a bleeding tendency and hypercalcemic nephropathy developed. The response to
      chemotherapy was excellent, but after the attainment of a complete remission the
      patient developed carcinomatous leptomeningitis, which was confirmed at autopsy
      as cause of death.

PMID- 6835175
TI  - Radiation-induced pneumothorax.
AB  - Pneumothorax is an uncommon complication of radiation therapy to the chest. The
      proposed pathogenesis is radiation-induced fibrosis promoting subpleural bleb
      formation that ruptures resulting in pneumothorax. We report on two young
      patients with primary sarcomas without pulmonary metastases who developed
      spontaneous pneumothorax after irradiation. Neither patient had antecedent
      radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 6835176
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma in children.
AB  - Data from four pediatric hospitals concerning 20 children treated for renal cell
      carcinoma (RCC) from 1964-1978 were reviewed. Median age of the patients (pts)
      was 11.8 years (range, 14 months-19 years). Twelve were male and eight female; 17
      were white and three black. Most patients presented with pain and hematuria with
      or without a palpable mass. An intrarenal tumor was detected at IV urography (17
      pts), arteriography (2 pts), or at surgery (1 pt). Treatment consisted of
      nephrectomy in 15 pts, renal biopsy (4 pts), or no surgery (1 pt), followed by
      chemotherapy (5 pts), radiation therapy (1 pt), or both (7 pts). Ten pts died of
      distant metastases at a median of one year (range, 0.2 to two years) after
      diagnosis. The other 10 pts (50%) survive free of relapse at a median of 4 years
      (range, two to ten years) from diagnosis. Proportions surviving free of recurrent
      disease two or more years by National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) Group were 5/5 in
      Group I, 3/7 in Group II, 1/3 in Group III, and 1/5 in Group IV; by age at
      diagnosis, 6/6 in those under 11 years old and 4/14 in those 11 or older; and by
      type of surgery, 10/15 who had nephrectomy and 0/5 with limited or no surgery.
      The data indicate that radiation and chemotherapy had only minor if any
      influences on relapse-free survival. We conclude that (1) RCC in children is
      similar to its counterpart in adults; (2) RCC has a worse prognosis than Wilms'
      tumor except for the earliest stage; (3) nephrectomy alone is adequate treatment
      for Group I RCC, and (4) young age (less than 11 years old) may be prognostically
      favorable.

PMID- 6835177
TI  - [Clinical experience with the use of dopamine in pre-term neonates with the
      respiratory syndrome].

PMID- 6835178
TI  - [Evolution of idiopathic scoliosis. Importance of the study of growth in
      evaluating periods of risk].

PMID- 6835179
TI  - [Do congenital malformations caused by caffeine exist?].

PMID- 6835180
TI  - [Supervision of neonatal jaundice by use of the transcutaneous bilirubinometer].

PMID- 6835181
TI  - [Neonatal splenectomy and pneumococcal meningitis in an infant. Description of a
      case].

PMID- 6835182
TI  - [Spontaneous chylothorax in intensive therapy of a very low-weight newborn infant
      with septicemia caused by Enterobacter cloacae].

PMID- 6835183
TI  - [Neonatal urinary ascites due to urethral valvular obstruction. Personal case
      report].

PMID- 6835184
TI  - [Bacterial meningitis in childhood. Etiological study of a personal sample of 223
      cases].

PMID- 6835189
TI  - President's letter. Preferred provider organizations.

PMID- 6835186
TI  - [Importance of plasma C-peptide evaluation during the oral glucose tolerance test
      in infantile and juvenile obesity].

PMID- 6835187
TI  - [The frequency of saccharose intake as the main cause of the cariogenicity of
      sugar].

PMID- 6835185
TI  - [Pediatric emergencies in the region of Livorno and the Tuscan archipelago].

PMID- 6835188
TI  - Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 1351 children, ages 10-19, living
      in Richfield, Minnesota.

PMID- 6835191
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy. Critical analysis of 139 cases.

PMID- 6835190
TI  - Hydrops of the gallbladder in children. Diagnosis and management.

PMID- 6835192
TI  - Injury vs. the law.

PMID- 6835193
TI  - Health care equity.

PMID- 6835194
TI  - Abdominal injuries.

PMID- 6835195
TI  - Pregnancy and liver disease. A community hospital experience.

PMID- 6835196
TI  - Splenic rupture at term. Case report.

PMID- 6835197
TI  - Hydrogen bonding interaction of diphenylhydantoin and 9-ethyladenine.
AB  - A hydrogen-bonded complex of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and 9-ethyladenine (EtAd)
      crystallizes from 2,4-pentanedione with the asymmetrical unit consisting of two
      DPH molecules, one EtAd molecule, and one solvent molecule. The crystal structure
      was solved by direct methods and refined to a residual of R = 0.054. Structure
      determination reveals that one DPH hydrogen-bonds to EtAd in a Watson-Crick
      scheme while the second DPH N(3)--H bonds to EtAd N(3) to form a 2:1 DPH-EtAd
      complex. Comparisons are made with barbiturate-adenine complexes and with an
      earlier postulation of a 1:1 DPH-EtAd complex derived from NMR and IR data. The
      2,4-pentanedione molecule adopts the keto-enol configuration with an asymmetrical
      intramolecular hydrogen bond.

PMID- 6835198
TI  - Dopamine receptor binding on intact cells. Absence of a high-affinity agonist
      receptor binding state.

PMID- 6835199
TI  - Thermodynamic differences between agonist and antagonist interactions with
      binding sites for [3H]spiroperidol in rat striatum.
AB  - The characteristics of the binding of the dopamine receptor antagonist
      [3H]spiroperidol to rat striatal membranes were examined at six different
      incubation temperatures ranging from 1 degree to 37 degrees. Although the number
      of receptors labeled at each temperature was identical, the affinity of the
      receptor for [3H]spiroperidol decreased 10-fold as the incubation temperature was
      lowered from 37 degrees to 1 degree. The binding of [3H]spiroperidol was entropy
      driven (delta S degree = +80 cal/mole-deg), endothermic (delta H degree = +10
      kcal/mole), and exergonic (delta G degree = -13 kcal/mole). Qualitatively similar
      results were found for (+)-butaclamol, another dopamine receptor antagonist. The
      binding of the agonists dopamine and (+/-)-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydronaphthalene to sites labeled by [3H]spiroperidol in the striatum also
      appeared to be entropy-driven (delta S degree = +35 cal/mole-deg). In contrast to
      the results obtained in studies with antagonists, however, the affinity of the
      receptor for agonists was independent of the incubation temperature between 8
      degrees and 37 degrees. Competition curves for the inhibition of [3H]spiroperidol
      binding by agonists became increasingly complex as the incubation temperature was
      lowered. The addition of GTP reduced the affinity of the receptor for agonists at
      all temperatures but did not simplify interpretation of these complex curves. At
      1 degree there was a decrease in the affinity of the receptor for dopamine, and
      the effect of GTP was abolished.

PMID- 6835200
TI  - cis-3,3'-Bis-[alpha-(trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene (cis-Bis-Q).
      Purification and properties at acetylcholine receptors of Electrophorus
      electroplaques.
AB  - The cis and trans isomers of the photoisomerizable compound, 3,3'-bis-[alpha
      (trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene (Bis-Q), were purified by high-performance
      liquid chromatography using the ion-pair partitioning technique on a reverse
      phase column. Solutions of cis-Bis-Q are stable at -20 degrees; at 25 degrees,
      thermal isomerization proceeds at a rate of 0.65%/day. cis-Bis-Q is less than 1%
      as potent a nicotinic agonist as the trans configuration. At concentrations of
      1.5 microM or less, cis-Bis-Q exerts little or no blockade of the conductances
      induced by agonists. In voltage-clamped Electrophorus electroplaques exposed to
      cis-Bis-Q, laser flashes induce cis leads to trans photoisomerizations and
      increase the agonist-induced current by a factor of 20 within a few milliseconds.

PMID- 6835201
TI  - The catecholamine carrier of bovine chromaffin granules. Form of the bound amine.
AB  - The binding of [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine (2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9, 10-dimethoxy
      1,2,3,-4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo [a]quinolizine), a tetrabenazine derivative
      which binds to the catecholamine carrier of chromaffin granule membranes, has
      been studied as a function of the pH. The number of binding sites was constant
      from pH 6.5 to pH 9.0, whereas the KD decreased to a minimal plateau value,
      obtained at pH values higher than 7.5, the drug pKa. The pH dependency of the
      displacement of [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine by noradrenaline was also investigated.
      Noradrenaline KD values derived from displacement experiments decreased
      logarithmically when the pH increased from 6.5 to 8.5, i.e., for pH values lower
      than the pKa of noradrenaline. These pharmacological data support our previous
      hypothesis based on kinetic data [Scherman and Henry, Eur. J. Biochem. 116:535
      539 (1981)] that the monoamine carrier of the chromaffin granule membrane binds
      and transports neutral amines, a form of low abundancy at physiological pH but
      for which it has a high affinity.

PMID- 6835202
TI  - Secretion of newly taken up ascorbic acid by adrenomedullary chromaffin cells
      originates from a compartment different from the catecholamine storage vesicle.
AB  - Chromaffin cells in primary culture take up [14C]ascorbic acid from the
      incubation medium. Cells, stimulated immediately after a short labeling period
      with [14C]ascorbate, secrete ascorbic acid concomitantly with catecholamines (CA)
      through a nicotinic receptor-mediated Ca2+-dependent process. A proportional
      release of CA and [14C]ascorbic acid was observed through a large range of
      secretion rates obtained by varying the concentration of nicotine or by changing
      the concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ in the external medium. However, under the
      same conditions of stimulation, different cell preparations secrete 2-10 times
      more CA than [14C]ascorbate (as percentage of cell content). Furthermore, a
      different time course of secretion was observed for CA and [14C]ascorbate for
      each of several secretagogues. In addition, Ba2+ is a much more potent stimulus
      for CA secretion than for secretion of [14C]ascorbate, and Ca2+ channel blockers
      are more potent in inhibiting CA secretion than [14C]ascorbate secretion. These
      data suggested the possibility that newly taken up ascorbate was being secreted
      from a compartment altogether distinct from the chromaffin vesicle. This
      hypothesis was confirmed by subcellular distribution studies, where only a minor
      fraction of newly taken up [14C]ascorbate was found in the vesicular fraction
      (P2) from homogenates of chromaffin cells prepared after a short incubation with
      [14C]ascorbate. However, the subcellular distribution of [14C]ascorbate follows
      that of endogenous ascorbate when a short pulse with the label is chased by a
      prolonged equilibration period in the absence of ascorbate, indicating that a
      transfer has occurred from the extravesicular compartment(s) to the CA storage
      organelle. Endogenous ascorbate, which is found both inside and outside the
      chromaffin vesicle, was also found to be secreted from chromaffin cells,
      indicating that ascorbic acid could be released simultaneously from two different
      subcellular compartments.

PMID- 6835204
TI  - N-demethylation of cocaine to norcocaine. Evidence for participation by
      cytochrome P-450 and FAD-containing monooxygenase.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine which microsomal enzymes are involved in
      the in vitro hepatic oxidative N-demethylation of cocaine to norcocaine, the
      first step in the biotransformation of cocaine to its ultimate hepatotoxic
      metabolite. Cocaine was found to undergo conversion to norcocaine by two
      alternate pathways, one involving only cytochrome P-450 and the other requiring
      both cytochrome P-450 and FAD-containing monooxygenase. In the first pathway,
      cocaine was directly N-demethylated to norcocaine by cytochrome P-450; this
      reaction was enhanced by phenobarbital induction and was inhibited by both n
      octylamine and metyrapone. The second route was found to be a two-step reaction
      involving cocaine N-oxide as an intermediate. In this pathway, cocaine is first
      oxidized to cocaine N-oxide by FAD-containing monooxygenase, followed by a
      cytochrome P-450-catalyzed N-demethylation to norcocaine. This latter step was
      enhanced by phenobarbital treatment and inhibited by n-octylamine. Cocaine N
      oxide also exhibited a Type I binding spectrum with mouse hepatic microsomes. In
      addition, a model system consisting of ferrous sulfate was found to catalyze the
      N-demethylation of cocaine N-oxide. On the basis of these experiments, it is
      concluded that cytochrome P-450 and FAD-containing monooxygenase participate in
      the initial oxidation of cocaine to norcocaine. We also propose a mechanism to
      account for the conversion of cocaine N-oxide to norcocaine.

PMID- 6835203
TI  - Biotransformation of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal biotransformation of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol has
      been investigated with special reference to the covalent binding to microsomal
      protein of reactive metabolites formed during microsomal metabolism of phenol.
      Incubation of [14C]phenol with microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rat liver in
      the presence of an NADPH-generating system resulted in the formation of
      hydroquinone and catechol in the ratio of 20:1. No significant formation of 1,2,4
      benzenetriol was observed. The biotransformation of phenol to both hydroquinone
      and catechol required NADPH and molecular oxygen. NADH was much less effective
      than NADPH as an electron donor and exhibited no significant synergistic effect
      when used together with NADPH. The biotransformation was inhibited by typical
      cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as carbon monoxide, SKF 525-A, and metyrapone.
      These results indicated the involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomal
      hydroxylation of phenol at both the ortho- and para-positions. Covalent binding
      of radioactivity to microsomal protein was observed when [14C]phenol was
      incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of an NADPH-generating
      system. The covalent binding was also found to require NADPH and molecular
      oxygen. Inclusion of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors in the incubation mixture
      resulted in a decrease in the covalent binding. These results indicated that at
      least one step in the metabolic activation of phenol to the metabolites
      responsible for covalent binding to microsomal protein was mediated by cytochrome
      P-450. Inclusion of N-acetylcysteine in the incubation mixture resulted in the
      complete inhibition of the covalent binding of radioactivity derived from
      [14C]phenol to microsomal protein, and there was a concomitant formation of N
      acetylcysteine adducts of hydroquinone and catechol. These results indicated that
      hydroquinone and catechol were both precursors to reactive metabolites
      responsible for the covalent binding.

PMID- 6835205
TI  - In vitro translation of messenger RNA following exposure of human colon carcinoma
      cells in culture to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine.
AB  - Total mRNA from human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 treated with either 5
      fluorouracil or 5-fluorouridine was assessed in vitro in a reticulocyte lysate
      translation system. Under conditions of known drug-induced cell lethality,
      fluoropyrimidine-modified mRNA did not show major quantitative or qualitative
      changes in translational activity. These results suggest that drug-modified mRNA
      is probably not associated with the cytotoxicity manifested by these drugs.

PMID- 6835207
TI  - Excision and replication of extrachromosomal DNA of pea (Pisum sativum).
AB  - Experiments with cultured pea roots were conducted to determine (i) whether
      extrachromosomal DNA was produced by cells in the late S phase or in the G2 phase
      of the cell cycle, (ii) whether the maturation of nascent DNA replicated by these
      cells achieved chromosomal size, (iii) when extrachromosomal DNA was removed from
      the chromosomal duplex, and (iv) the replication of nascent chains by the
      extrachromosomal DNA after its release from the chromosomal duplex.
      Autoradiography and cytophotometry of cells of carbohydrate-starved root tips
      revealed that extrachromosomal DNA was produced by a small fraction of cells
      accumulated in the late S phase after they had replicated about 80% of their DNA.
      Velocity sedimentation of nascent chromosomal DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients
      indicated that the DNA of cells in the late S phase failed to achieve chromosomal
      size. After reaching sizes of 70 X 10(6) to 140 X 10(6) daltons, some of the
      nascent chromosomal molecules were broken, presumably releasing extrachromosomal
      DNA several hours later. Sedimentation of selectively extracted extrachromosomal
      DNA either from dividing cells or from those in the late S phase showed that it
      replicated two nascent chains, one of 3 X 10(6) daltons and another of 7 X 10(6)
      daltons. Larger molecules of extrachromosomal DNA were detectable after cells
      were labeled for 24 h. These two observations were compatible with the idea that
      the extrachromosomal DNA was first replicated as an integral part of the
      chromosomal duplex, was cut from the duplex, and then, once free of the
      chromosome, replicated two smaller chains of 3 X 10(6) and 7 X 10(6) daltons.

PMID- 6835206
TI  - Heat shock alters nuclear ribonucleoprotein assembly in Drosophila cells.
AB  - Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is normally complexed with a specific set of proteins,
      forming ribonucleoprotein particles termed hnRNP. These particles are likely to
      be involved in mRNA processing. We have found that the structure of hnRNP is
      profoundly altered during the heat shock response in Drosophila cultured cells.
      Although hnRNA continues to be synthesized at a near-normal rate during heat
      shock, its assembly into hnRNP is incomplete, as evidenced by a greatly decreased
      protein content of the particles in Cs2SO4 density gradients. RNA-protein cross
      linking conducted in vivo (Mayrand and Pederson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      78:2208-2212, 1981) also reveals that hnRNA made during heat shock is complexed
      with greatly reduced amounts of protein. The block of hnRNP assembly occurs
      immediately upon heat shock, even before the onset of heat shock protein
      synthesis. Additional experiments reveal that hnRNP assembled normally at 25
      degrees C subsequently disassembles during heat shock. The capacity for normal
      hnRNP assembly is gradually restored after heat-shocked cells are returned to 25
      degrees C. Heat-shocked mammalian cells also show a similar block in hnRNP
      assembly. We suggest that incomplete assembly of hnRNP during heat shock leads to
      abortive processing of most mRNA precursors and favors the processing or export
      (or both) of others whose pathway of nuclear maturation is less dependent on, or
      even independent of, normal hnRNP particle structure. This hypothesis is
      compatible with a large number of previous observations.

PMID- 6835208
TI  - Regulation of actin mRNA levels and translation responds to changes in cell
      configuration.
AB  - The role of cell configuration in regulating cell metabolism has been studied,
      using a system in which cell shape and surface contact can easily be manipulated.
      The suspension of anchorage-dependent mouse fibroblasts in Methocel results in a
      coordinate decrease of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. These processes are
      restored upon reattachment of cells to a solid surface. This recovery process has
      two or more components: a rapid recovery of protein synthesis requiring only
      surface contact, and a slower restoration of nuclear events which is dependent
      upon extensive cell spreading (A. Ben-Ze'ev, S.R. Farmer, and S. Penman, Cell
      21:365-372, 1980). In the present study, we examined 3T3 cells while in
      suspension culture and after attachment to a tissue culture dish surface to study
      cell configuration-dependent expression of specific cytoskeleton protein genes.
      The 3T3 line of fibroblasts used here shows these responses much more
      dramatically compared with 3T6 cells previously studied. We demonstrate that
      whereas total protein synthesis was strongly inhibited upon suspension, actin
      synthesis was preferentially inhibited, decreasing from 12% of total protein
      synthesis in control cells to 6% in suspended cells. This occurred apparently at
      the level of translation of actin mRNA, since the amount of actin mRNA sequences
      in the cytoplasm was unchanged. Reattachment initiated the rapid recovery of
      overall protein synthesis which was accompanied by a dramatic, preferential
      increase in actin synthesis reaching peak values of 20 to 25% of total protein
      synthesis 4 to 6 h later, but then declining to control values by 24 h.
      Translation in vitro and hybridization of mRNA to a cloned actin cDNA probe
      revealed that the induction of actin synthesis was due to increased levels of
      translatable mRNA sequences in the cytoplasm. These results imply a close
      relationship among cell cytoarchitecture, expression of a specific cytoskeletal
      protein gene, and growth control. The expression of the actin gene appears to be
      regulated at both the level of translation (during suspension) and mRNA
      production (during recovery).

PMID- 6835209
TI  - Ribosomal protein S14 is altered by two-step emetine resistance mutations in
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Four two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems were used to
      identify 78 Chinese hamster cell ribosomal proteins by the uniform nomenclature
      based on rat liver ribosomal proteins. The 40S ribosomal subunit protein affected
      by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell one-step emetine resistance mutations is
      designated S14 in the standard nomenclature. To seek unambiguous genetic evidence
      for a cause and effect relationship between CHO cell emetine resistance and
      mutations in the S14 gene, we mutagenized a one-step CHO cell mutant and isolated
      second-step mutant clones resistant to 10-fold-higher concentrations of emetine.
      All of the highly resistant, two-step CHO cell mutants obtained displayed
      additional alterations in ribosomal protein S14. Hybridization complementation
      tests revealed that the two-step CHO cell emetine resistance mutants were members
      of the same complementation group defined by one-step CHO cell mutants, EmtB. Two
      step mutants obtained from a Chinese hamster lung cell emetine-resistant clone
      belong to the EmtA complementation group. The two-step and EmtB mutants
      elaborated 40S ribosomal subunits, which dissociated to 32S and 40S core
      particles in buffers containing 0.5 M KCl at 4 degrees C. In contrast, 40S
      ribosomal subunits purified from all EmtA, one-step EmtB EmtC mutants, and wild
      type CHO and lung cells were stable at this temperature in buffers containing
      substantially higher concentrations of salt. Thus, two-step emtB mutations affect
      the structure of S14 protein directly and the stability of the 40S ribosomal
      subunit indirectly.

PMID- 6835210
TI  - Biochemical evidence for multiple independent emetine resistance genes in Chinese
      hamster cells.
AB  - Hybridization-complementation studies indicated that mutations in multiple genes
      can render Chinese hamster cells resistant to the alkaloid translation inhibitor
      emetine. Two of the genes, emtA and emtB, recognized in Chinese hamster lung and
      ovary cell lines, respectively, are known to affect the ribosomes of the cells
      directly. Although mutations in a third gene, emtC, affect the translation
      apparatus of Chinese hamster peritoneal cells in vitro (Wasmuth et al., Mol.
      Cell. Biol. 1:58-65, 1981), the molecular product of the emtC locus remains to be
      determined. To study the molecular basis for genetic complementation among
      emetine-resistant Chinese hamster cell mutants, we analyzed ribosomal proteins
      elaborated by complementing, emetine-sensitive hybrid clones (EmtB X EmtA and
      EmtB X EmtC) and by emetine-resistant clones that segregated from the hybrids.
      The electrophoretic forms of ribosomal protein S14 (the emtB gene product)
      elaborated by these clones indicated that the EmtA and EmtC phenotypes are
      independent of the emtB locus and that the emtA and emtC loci are not
      chromosomally linked to emtB.

PMID- 6835211
TI  - Role of procollagen mRNA levels in controlling the rate of procollagen synthesis.
AB  - Two factors must be present for primary avian tendon cells to commit 50% of their
      total protein production to procollagen: ascorbate and high cell density.
      Scorbutic primary avian tendon cells at high cell density (greater than 4 X 10(4)
      cells per cm2) responded to the addition of ascorbate by a sixfold increase in
      the rate of procollagen synthesis. The kinetics were biphasic, showing a slow
      increase during the first 12 h followed by a more rapid rise to a maximum after
      36 to 48 h. In contrast, after ascorbate addition, the level of accumulated
      cytoplasmic procollagen mRNA (alpha 2) showed a 12-h lag followed by a slow
      linear increase requiring 60 to 72 h to reach full induction. At all stages of
      the induction process, the relative increase in the rate of procollagen synthesis
      over the uninduced state exceeded the relative increase in the accumulation of
      procollagen mRNA. A similar delay in mRNA induction was observed when the cells
      were grown in an ascorbate-containing medium but the cell density was allowed to
      increase. In all cases, the rate of procollagen synthesis peaked approximately 24
      h before the maximum accumulation of procollagen mRNA. The kinetics for the
      increase in procollagen synthesis are not, therefore, in agreement with the
      simple model that mRNA levels are the rate-limiting factor in the collagen
      pathway. We propose that the primary control point is at a later step. Further
      support for this idea comes from inhibitor studies, using alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl
      to block ascorbate action. In the presence of 0.3 mM alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl
      there was a specific two- to threefold decrease in procollagen production after 4
      h, but this was unaccompanied by a drop in procollagen mRNA levels. Therefore,
      inhibitor studies give further support to the idea that primary action of
      ascorbate is to release a post-translational block.

PMID- 6835214
TI  - [Ethical problems of clinical pharmacology in pediatrics].
AB  - There is no rational and safe treatment without knowledge of clinical
      pharmacology. Clinical pharmacology is based on data found in the human. Since
      results of animals trials cannot be used directly Absorption, Distribution,
      Metabolism and Elimination rates of drugs in children differ from those known in
      adults. Therefore pharmacological data in children have to be studied
      specifically. There are always some questions for the pediatrician whether he is
      allowed to administer a drug prescribed in adult medicine to children, whether he
      is allowed to obtain data for therapeutical control purposes and whether he may
      or even must publish these results for the sake of ill infants. Due to the facts
      that it is difficult to receive these informations, we do not find dosage
      schemes, for example in the Physicians Desk Reference or Rote Liste for more than
      70% of all registered drugs. A new drug without governmental licence must not be
      employed in pediatric medicine. After its official approval we may use this new
      pharmaceutical agent in some circumstances this might be even a must. Especially
      in Pediatrics there is no strict borderline between the clinical trial of a new
      drug in a group of patients or its application to a single ill child. Whenever a
      pediatrician is convinced of the high value of a new drug he will certainly get
      the parent's permission to apply it for the sake of their child as well as to
      perform a close therapy control. This attitude and produce is medically,
      ethically and legally correct.

PMID- 6835213
TI  - [Monitoring therapy by analysis of the drug concentration of saliva].
AB  - The distribution of a drug between blood and saliva depends on its
      physicochemical properties, e.g. binding to plasma proteins, apparent
      dissociation constant and lipid solubility. The clinical value of measuring
      salivary drug concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring is demonstrated using
      anticonvulsant therapy in children as an example. For carbamazepine and phenytoin
      there is a close and constant saliva/serum ratio over a wide range of
      concentrations, which is influenced by the salivary flow rate only to an
      insignificant degree. Salivary concentrations of carbamazepine account for about
      40%, of phenytoin for about 10% of the serum concentrations. In contrast,
      salivary levels of primidone and phenobarbital are significantly influenced by
      the rate of saliva flow. In resting saliva primidone levels slightly exceed those
      in serum and fall significantly below the corresponding serum values during
      forced stimulation of salivary flow. For phenobarbital in resting saliva the mean
      saliva/serum ratio is 0.3 and increases significantly during forced stimulation.
      Provided the conditions of sample collection are standardized saliva is suitable
      for monitoring primidone and phenobarbital therapy, too.

PMID- 6835212
TI  - Expression and amplification of engineered mouse dihydrofolate reductase
      minigenes.
AB  - We constructed mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) minigenes (dhfr) that had 1.5
      kilobases of 5' flanking sequences and contained either none or only one of the
      intervening sequences that are normally present in the coding region. They were
      greater than or equal to 3.2 kilobase long, about one-tenth the size of the
      corresponding chromosomal gene. Both of these minigenes complemented the DHFR
      deficiency in Chinese hamster ovary dhfr-1-cells at a high frequency after DNA
      mediated gene transfer. The level of DHFR enzyme in various transfected clones
      varied over a 10-fold range but never was as high as in wild-type Chinese hamster
      ovary cells. In addition, the level of DHFR in primary transfectants did not vary
      directly with the copy number of the minigene, which ranged from fewer than five
      to several hundred per genome. The minigenes could be amplified to a level of
      over 2,000 copies per genome upon selection in methotrexate, a specific inhibitor
      of DHFR. In one case, the amplified minigenes were present in a tandem array; in
      two other cases, a rearranged minigene plasmid and its flanking chromosomal DNA
      sequence were amplified. Thus, the mouse dhfr minigenes could be transcribed,
      expressed, and amplified in Chinese hamster ovary cells, although the efficiency
      of expression was generally low. The key step in the construction of these
      minigenes was the generation in vivo of lambda phage recombinants by overlapping
      regions of homology between genomic and cDNA clones. The techniques used here for
      dhfr should be generally applicable to any gene, however large, and could be used
      to generate novel genes from members of multigene families.

PMID- 6835216
TI  - [Spondylocostal dysostosis. Report of 5 cases including siblings and an atypical
      case].
AB  - Spondylocostal Dysostosis (sp. c. D.) is characterized by multiple morphological
      anomalies of the vertebrae and ribs which are frequently fused. This is due to
      malsegmentation of the axial skeleton probably before the 20th day of embryonic
      development. There are severe and moderate forms. The etiology is heterogeneous
      since dominant, and more frequently recessive inheritance has been noted and
      phenocopies should be expected. Sp. c. D. may be part of a genetic malformation
      syndrome. Five observations are reported, three typical including sibs, and two
      atypical ones. The sixth case demonstrates rachischisis anterior (et posterior)
      of the entire spine.

PMID- 6835215
TI  - [Representative studies of the vitamin D status of 2-year-old children in
      Frankfurt am Main].
AB  - In a representative sample population of 421 two-year-old Frankfurt children
      studied for vitamin-D nutritional status, only one case of subclinical rickets
      was discovered. 93.3% of the children have been a regular vitamin-D supplements
      during the first 12 month of life, but only 32.7% of them continued to receive
      the supplement beyond the age of one year. Risk groups were not identified,
      neither with regard to ethnic groups, nor smaller vitamin-D doses, or any other
      aspect.

PMID- 6835217
TI  - [Hematuria in Schistosoma mansoni bilharziosis].
AB  - Following a stay of a few months in Africa, a 9 year old boy developed gross
      hematuria, dysuria and pollakisuria. Two urine cultures remained sterile, the
      intravenous urography was normal. Therefore a tropical disease was looked for.
      Eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in the urine sediment, a significant level of
      schistosomal antibodies, and blood eosinophilia proved our suspected diagnosis of
      schistosomiasis to be correct. An ultrasonic examination of the urinary tract
      showed a thickened bladder wall. Very unusual in this case is the primary
      infection of the bladder with Schistosoma mansoni which normally affects the
      intestine.

PMID- 6835218
TI  - [Origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta].
AB  - A 19-day old female infant presented with congestive cardiac failure. Cardiac
      catheterization and angiography demonstrated the right pulmonary artery to
      originate from the ascending aorta, and an atrial septal defect with a left to
      right shunt of 40%. At the age of six months anastomosis of the right pulmonary
      artery to the main pulmonary artery was performed with hypothermic arrest and
      cardioplegia. The postoperative course was complicated by respiratory distress
      but later the patient's condition improved. Four years later control cardiac
      catheterization and angiography visualized operative repair and only a small left
      to right shunt of 20% at atrial level.

PMID- 6835219
TI  - Induction of single-strand breaks plus alkali-labile bonds by N-nitrosoureas in
      rat tissues in vivo: ethylnitrosourea versus benzylnitrosourea.
AB  - Alkaline sucrose sedimentation procedures were used to quantitate the amount of
      single-strand breaks plus alkali-labile bonds (SSB + ALB) induced and repaired
      following a single intraperitoneal injection of the neurocarcinogen N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea (ENU) and its non-neurocarcinogenic analog N-benzyl-N-nitrosourea
      (BNU) in the brain, liver and kidney of female Sprague-Dawley rats. SSB + ALB
      were measured and used as an indicator of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites,
      phosphotriesters and in situ breaks. ENU induced a dose-dependent increase in the
      number of SSB + ALB at the doses studied (0, 0.39, 0.77, 1.54 mmoles/kg) in all 3
      tissues. At 1 h postinjection with 0.77 mmoles/kg of these compounds there were
      50-70% fewer breaks induced by BNU than ENU. The SSB + ALB induced by ENU
      persisted over a 7-day period, while those induced by BNU did not. Thus, these
      studies showed that 2 homologues of nitrosoureas, ENU and BNU, exhibited
      different potentials to induce and to persist SSB + ALB in vivo.

PMID- 6835220
TI  - Lack of correlation between the capability of inducing sister-chromatid exchanges
      in vivo and carcinogenic potency, for 16 aromatic amines and azo derivatives.
AB  - 16 aromatic amines and azo derivatives were studied. They were: benzidine; 2
      acetylaminofluorene; 3'-methyl-p-dimethylaminoazobenzene; o-aminoazotoluene; p
      dimethylaminoazobenzene; 2,4-diaminotoluene; 4,4'-oxydianiline; 2,4
      diaminoanisole; 4,4'-methylenedianiline; 2-naphthylamine; auramine O; rhodamine
      B; ponceau MX; 1-naphthylamine; p-aminoazobenzene and aniline. Carcinogenic
      potency and potency in inducing sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in vivo were
      compared. SCEs were absolutely not correlated with carcinogenic potency. A lack
      of correlation was also found with mutagenicity in the Ames test. On the
      contrary, a statistically significant correlation existed between DNA damage and
      SCEs.

PMID- 6835221
TI  - Clastogenic interactions of gamma radiation and caffeine in human peripheral
      blood cultures.

PMID- 6835226
TI  - On the origin of hydroxyurea-induced chromatid aberrations in G2 chromosomes with
      BrdUrd in only one of the sister chromatids.

PMID- 6835224
TI  - O6-methylguanine, but not N7-methylguanine or N3-methyladenine, induces gene
      mutations, sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese
      hamster cells.

PMID- 6835222
TI  - Induction and rapid repair of sister-chromatid exchanges in multiple murine
      tissues in vivo by diepoxybutane.
AB  - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction by the direct-acting bifunctional
      carcinogen, diepoxybutane (DEB), was investigated in multiple tissues in vivo.
      The log-log dose SCE response relationship was found to be parallel to that
      previously reported for DEB induction of lung adenomas. However, the SCE assay is
      approximately 20 times as sensitive in detecting genotoxic effects of DEB than
      indicated by the lung adenoma assay. Examination of second and third division
      cells following various treatment protocols revealed that regardless of the
      nature of initially induced lesions, they are rapidly repaired with no evidence
      of persistence beyond 1 cell cycle.

PMID- 6835225
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchange formation at supra-optimal growth temperatures.
AB  - The present research was mainly focused on characterizing the formation of sister
      chromatid exchanges at both optimal and supra-optimal growth temperatures. Under
      these conditions (25, 30 and 35 degrees C) meristem cells of Allium cepa L.
      exhibited a roughly constant cell-cycle time, and modifications in other cell
      cycle parameters were negligible. Second-division chromosomes of cells incubated
      at 30 and 35 degrees C showed increased SCE yields as compared with those
      detected in cells maintained at the optimal temperature (25 degrees C). When
      cells with unifilarly BrdUrd-substituted DNA was damaged by irradiation with
      visible light, we obtained almost the same SCE yields at the various temperatures
      tested. We suggest that this production of SCEs could be the result of a reduced
      number of lesions produced by light (perhaps as a consequence of reduced
      intracellular free oxygen at high temperature) and/or of an increased efficiency
      in the repair capacity of the cells at these temperatures. The analysis of SCE
      formation in undamaged cells incubated at different temperatures during BrdUrd
      treatment has shown that the optimal growth temperature appears to be the
      experimental condition in which the cells are able to exhibit the lowest
      frequency of SCE.

PMID- 6835227
TI  - Comparison of stem-spermatogonial renewal and mitotic activity in the gamma
      irradiated mouse and rat.

PMID- 6835223
TI  - Primary incidences of spontaneous chromosomal anomalies and their origins and
      causal mechanisms in the Chinese hamster.

PMID- 6835228
TI  - Meiotic non-disjunction induced by fission neutrons relative to X-rays observed
      in mouse secondary spermatocytes. I. The response of different cell stages to a
      single radiation dose.

PMID- 6835229
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by chemotherapeutic drugs in
      spermatogonia of mice: effects of procarbazine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and
      mitomycin C.
AB  - The chemotherapeutic drugs procarbazine (PCB), adriamycin (ADR), cyclophosphamide
      (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) were evaluated in vivo for induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in differentiating spermatogonia of mice. There was a
      dose-dependent increase in SCE induced by the drugs. The lowest doses that
      enhanced the SCE rate to greater than twice baseline frequency were: 10 (PCB),
      0.25 (ADR), 5 (CP) and 0.25 (MMC) mg/kg body weight. Based on the x-fold increase
      in SCE over baseline frequency, induced by the highest test dose (which permitted
      analysis of SCE), the drugs evaluated were ranked as follows: CP greater than MMC
      greater than PCB greater than ADR. The persistence of SCE-inducing lesions in
      spermatogonia was investigated by giving a treatment of CP (20 mg/kg body
      weight), 6 and 9 days before completion of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)
      administration. Within 6-9 days, the SCE rate returned to the baseline level.

PMID- 6835230
TI  - Loss of repairability of DNA interstrand crosslinks in Fanconi's anemia cells
      with culture age.
AB  - Some published reports have suggested a possible repair deficiency for DNA
      interstrand crosslinks in cells derived from patients with Fanconi's anemia
      (F.A.), that others, using different F.A. cell lines, were unable to confirm. A
      reinvestigation of the cell lines used in the original report might resolve this
      controversy. The purpose of this study, then, was to compare 2 F.A. fibroblast
      cell lines, FA9 and FA18 (previously reported to be repair-deficient), with a
      normal human line, Detroit 550, in their ability to repair nitrogen mustard (NM)-
      and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced crosslinks. The alkaline elution technique was used
      in the analysis of repairability. Prelabeled cells in quiescent phase were
      treated with NM or MMC for 1 h and crosslinks were assayed immediately after
      treatment and at 24 h after drug removal. Early passage F.A. cells repaired
      crosslinks to the same extent as normal, early passage cells. However, with
      increasing passage number, the F.A. cells demonstrated a corresponding decrease
      in their ability to repair NM-induced crosslinks. In contrast, the normal cells
      did not show any age-related decrease in their ability to repair NM-induced
      crosslinks. Approximately equivalent repair rates were observed in quiescent 550
      and F.A. fibroblasts after MMC treatment. Exponential and quiescent Detroit 550
      cell populations showed no difference in the repair rate of MMC-induced
      crosslinks. These results indicate that F.A. cells can repair crosslinks early in
      cell culture but this ability is nearly eliminated with increasing passage.

PMID- 6835233
TI  - An analysis of the efficacy of bacterial DNA-repair assays for predicting
      genotoxicity.
AB  - Several bacterial DNA-repair tests have been developed as rapid assays for
      genotoxicity. In these systems, a positive result is generally considered as
      evidence for interaction of a chemical with DNA and an indication of
      carcinogenicity. Recently much data have been published on the responses to
      suspect carcinogens of such systems in the presence and absence of added
      exogenous metabolising fractions. An analysis of this literature is presented and
      it is concluded that bacterial repair tests provide a useful prediction of
      potential carcinogenicity especially for certain classes of compounds. However, a
      significant number of procarcinogens and indirect-acting mutagens does not
      require mammalian metabolism in order to exhibit activity in repair assays.
      Possible reasons for this discrepancy as well as recommendations concerning the
      value of bacterial repair systems in carcinogenicity screening are discussed.

PMID- 6835232
TI  - Detection of occupational exposure to genotoxic agents with a urinary mutagen
      assay.

PMID- 6835234
TI  - Radiation-sensitive mutant of hypertoxinogenic strain 569B of Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - A radiation-sensitive mutant of the hypertoxinogenic strain 569B of Vibrio
      cholerae was isolated and characterized. The mutant, designated V. cholerae
      569Bs, lacks both excision- and medium-dependent dark-repair mechanisms of UV
      induced DNA damage while retaining the wild-type photoreactivating capability.
      Analysis of the UV-irradiated cell DNA by velocity sedimentation in alkaline
      sucrose gradient suggests that UV-induced pyrimidine dimers may not be incised in
      these cells. In contrast to the wild-type cells, the mutant cell DNA was degraded
      after treatment with nalidixic acid. The mutant cells failed to produce any
      detectable amount of cholera toxin as measured by ileal-loop assay.

PMID- 6835235
TI  - Yeast mutants affecting the spontaneous mutation frequency on both the
      mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
AB  - We have previously described two complementation groups of mutants affecting the
      spontaneous mutation frequency on the mitochondrial genome (Johnston, 1979). In a
      further search for such mutants the majority isolated fell into one of these
      groups, 3 into group I and 14 into group II. There are now a total of 12 alleles
      in the first group and 19 in the second complementation group, suggesting that
      these are the major classes of mutants affecting spontaneous mutation frequency
      in the mitochondrion. However, this search also identified a third
      complementation group, consisting of 2 mutants, which, like the existing groups,
      is recessive and is coded on the nuclear genome. In contrast to complementation
      groups I and II, these new mutants have no effect on spontaneous petite
      mutagenesis and they also increase the spontaneous mutation frequency on the
      nuclear genome. This nuclear mutation activity may be novel, as it complemented
      the existing nuclear mutators mut1-mut10. None of the three complementation
      groups has any detectable phenotype, other than the mutator activity.

PMID- 6835231
TI  - Induction of mutation in Micrococcus radiodurans by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Micrococcus radiodurans was highly resistant to the lethal effect of N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) but it was sensitive to the mutagenic action of
      this chemical. The induction of mutation was not significantly modified by the
      culture growth phase. This last finding leads to the assumption that the mutation
      takes place at some distance from the replication fork. Moreover, a low
      concentration of MNNG induced mutations that were added to those subsequently
      obtained from a second exposure to a higher concentration of the alkylating
      agent. Thus, M. radiodurans does not seem to have an inducible error-free repair
      system for alkylation damage. Furthermore, incubation in the presence of
      chloramphenicol did not modify the mutation rate, indicating that protein
      synthesis is not involved in the mutagenic process.

PMID- 6835236
TI  - Evaluation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) genotoxicity. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase
      dependent deactivation of ECH mutagenicity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe in vitro.
AB  - The mutagenic effect of epichlorohydrin (ECH) on the yeast Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe was studied in vitro in the presence of mouse-liver S9 mix and microsomal
      and cytosolic fractions. The incubations were always performed in the absence of
      NADPH-generating systems. S9 mix and microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated
      mice significantly reduced ECH mutagenicity, whereas the cytosol did not result
      in any deactivating effect. The various protein contents of the subcellular
      fractions were not involved in any scavenger effect as regards ECH mutagenic
      activity. Moreover, the addition of reduced glutathione to the incubation
      mixtures indicated that it did not play an important role, either per se or
      through the enzyme(s) glutathione-S-epoxide transferase(s), in preventing ECH
      genotoxicity. Our results suggest that microsomal epoxide hydrolase(s) represents
      the major step in the detoxifying pathway of ECH. These observations were
      supported by measurements of the specific epoxide hydrolase activity in the
      various fractions on the same substrate.

PMID- 6835239
TI  - Comparison of the effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide on
      micronucleus incidence in bone marrow and colon.
AB  - An in vivo micronucleus assay has been developed that utilizes colonic epithelial
      cells. The genotoxic effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (54-07-3), a colon
      carcinogen, and of the nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide (50-18-0), on the bone
      marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and on colonic epithelium from mice were
      compared using micronucleus induction in each organ as the end point. In the bone
      marrow, cyclophosphamide was a potent inducer of micronuclei, while 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine administration had little effect on the micronucleus incidence.
      In the colon, 1,2-diemthylhydrazine was an effective inducer of micronuclei.
      Thus, the colonic micronucleus assay appears to be a potentially useful test for
      the detection of colon carcinogens.

PMID- 6835238
TI  - Parallel increases in sister-chromatid exchanges at base level and with UV
      treatment in human opiate users.
AB  - The SCE base level frequency and SCE levels induced by far-UV (254 nm) treatment
      of cells in early G1 and early S phases of the cell cycle were significantly
      higher in leukocytes from heroin addicts as compared to controls. The increased
      SCE levels in addicts was greatest at base level and smallest after UV
      irradiation of cells in S phase. These results corroborate and extend our
      previous findings of increased chromosome damage and reduced DNA-repair synthesis
      in heroin users. Since opiates do not directly damage DNA, the elevated
      cytogenetic effects associated with opiate use probably arise from secondary
      promotional effects related to opiate-mediated alterations in leukocyte
      metabolism.

PMID- 6835237
TI  - Influence of age on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges and X-ray-induced
      chromosome aberrations in muntjac.
AB  - The BrdU-differential staining technique was used in a study of the frequency of
      sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same individual muntjacs. Blood was collected
      periodically from immediately after birth (1 day old) to the adult stage (1
      year). The results showed that both the frequency of base-line SCEs and induced
      chromosome aberrations changed as a function of age. At a young age, the
      frequency of SCEs was significantly low, whereas a high frequency of chromosome
      aberrations was observed. But with increase in age of the individuals, an
      enhanced frequency of SCEs and a decreased frequency of induced chromosome
      aberrations were observed; and as the age advanced further, the frequencies of
      both SCEs and chromosomal aberrations came to a steady level.

PMID- 6835240
TI  - Low doses of X-rays decrease the risk of diploidy in mouse oocytes.
AB  - Females from the NMRI/Han mouse strain ovulate a high number of diploid oocytes
      (about 12%) after gonadotrophin-stimulated ovulation. These oocytes can be
      fertilized and develop into triploid embryos subsequently. The exposure of such
      gonadotrophin-primed females to X-ray doses of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 or 0.40 Gy during
      the preovulatory period (2 h after the HCG dose) significantly decreased the
      percentage of diploid oocytes. After the highest dose used, i.e. 0.80 Gy,
      however, the incidence was on the level from unirradiated females, again. We
      suggest that the observed negative hump-shaped dose response of diploidy is not
      caused by secondary modifications induced by irradiation, such as a selective
      killing of diploid oocytes before ovulation, or a (compensatory) super-ovulation
      of only normal oocytes, but rather is caused by a direct radiobiological
      interference of low doses in protecting from gonadotrophin-induced aneuploidy.

PMID- 6835242
TI  - The validity of the autoradiographic method for detecting DNA repair synthesis in
      rat hepatocytes in primary culture.

PMID- 6835241
TI  - The shape of the blacklight dose photoreactivation curve for chick embryo
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The curves of UV (254 nm) induced pyrimidine dimers (endonuclease sensitive
      sites) vs. photoreactivating blacklight (365 nm) dose for cultured chick embryo
      fibroblasts reveal several new features. When the cells are incubated in the dark
      at 37 degrees following UV (254 nm) treatment, the efficiency of subsequent
      photorepair increases for the first few hours post-UV. The efficiency then
      remains approximately constant for several hours. Photorepair data obtained
      during this later period were plotted as the logarithm of dimer-enzyme complexes
      available for photoreactivation vs. blacklight (365 nm) dose. For a fixed
      damaging UV (254 nm) dose, the resulting curve has a shoulder of approximately 6
      10 kJ/m2 followed by a straight line portion with a slope of magnitude about 1.5
      X 10(-4) m2/J for UV doses up to 15 J/m2. For higher UV doses the shoulder
      remains about the same, but the slope decreases in magnitude. The shoulder is
      interpreted to indicate that a light-dependent step is necessary to activate the
      enzyme. The decrease in slope with increased UV dose together with some split
      photoreactivation dose experiments suggests that some site-to-site motion and
      multiple site function of the photorepair enzyme molecules may come into play at
      the higher levels of damage, but the evidence indicates that these complications
      are relatively unimportant at low UV doses.

PMID- 6835243
TI  - The identification and characterization of a urinary mutagen resulting from
      cigarette smoke.
AB  - The urine of a cigarette smoker who excretes exceptionally mutagenic urine was
      analyzed for several factors affecting mutagenicity. S. typhimurium strain TA98
      was always more sensitive to XAD-2 urine concentrates than TA100. With TA98, as
      high as 85 revertants per ml of urine were produced. It was observed that
      incubation with beta-glucuronidase was not required for expression of
      mutagenicity but that a complete S9 mix was needed to convert the material in the
      concentrate to the ultimate mutagenic species. TLC and HPLC separation of the XAD
      2 urine concentrate resulted in the identification of trace amounts of the
      bladder carcinogen, 2-aminonaphthalene (beta-naphthylamine) and a considerable
      amount of a possible metabolite of 2-aminonaphthalene, 2-amino-7-naphthol. The
      identity of the compounds was confirmed by mass spectral analysis, and 2-amino-7
      naphthol was shown to be a mutagen for TA100 and TA98 when activated by rat-liver
      S9.

PMID- 6835244
TI  - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and
      Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 5/4. Perspectives in mutation epidemiology: 4.
      General principles and considerations.

PMID- 6835245
TI  - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and
      Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 5/5. Perspectives in mutation epidemiology. 5.
      Modern medical practice versus environmental mutagens: their possible dysgenic
      impact.
AB  - We do not know how many mutations are being produced in human populations by
      exposure to environmental mutagens. If these mutagens caused a persistent rise in
      mutation rates, then ultimately there would be a proportional increase in the
      frequency of a variety of genetic diseases, including those that are difficult to
      treat and that require life-long care of affected individuals. In contrast,
      modern medical practices are relaxing selection pressure selectively with respect
      to disease, leading to a gradual increase in the frequency of certain genetic and
      partly genetic diseases that can be effectively treated. The pattern of this
      increase would differ from condition to condition, depending upon the mode of
      inheritance and the extent to which selection is relaxed; except for some special
      cases, the anticipated increase would generally be slow. Additional economic
      burdens on future society and families imposed by relaxed selection would mainly
      involve expenditures for relatively inexpensive treatments, and not those for
      expensive life-long care. Moreover, individuals treated successfully can be
      expected to contribute productively to society. With education and counseling for
      those who survive serious dominant and X-linked disorders, and with the
      development of accurate, inexpensive prenatal diagnosis, the presumed dysgenic
      effects of relaxed selection could be balanced.

PMID- 6835246
TI  - An evaluation of the mouse sperm morphology test and other sperm tests in
      nonhuman mammals. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox
      Program.
AB  - The literature on the mouse sperm morphology test and on other sperm tests in
      nonhuman mammals was reviewed (a) to evaluate the relationship of these tests to
      chemically induced spermatogenic dysfunction, germ-cell mutagenicity, and
      carcinogenicity, and (b) to make an interspecies comparison to chemicals. A total
      of 71 papers were reviewed. The mouse sperm morphology test was used to assess
      the effects of 154 of the 182 chemical agents covered. 4 other murine sperm tests
      were also used: the induction of acrosomal abnormalities (4 agents), reduction in
      sperm counts, (6 agents), motility (5 agents), and F1 sperm morphology (7
      agents)). In addition, sperm tests for the spermatogenic effects of 35 agents
      were done in 9 nonmurine mammalian species; these included analyses for sperm
      count, motility, and morphology, using a large variety of study designs. For the
      mouse sperm morphology test, 41 agents were judged by the reviewing committee to
      be positive inducers of sperm-head shape abnormalities, 103 were negative, and 10
      were inconclusive. To evaluate the relationship between changes in sperm
      morphology and germ cell mutagenicity, the effects of 41 agents on mouse sperm
      shape were compared to available data from 3 different mammalian germ-cell
      mutational tests (specific locus, heritable translocation, and dominant lethal).
      The mouse sperm morphology test was found to be highly sensitive to germ-cell
      mutagens; 100% of the known mutagens were correctly identified as positives in
      the sperm morphology test. Data are insufficient at present to access the rate of
      false positives. Although it is biologically unclear why one might expect changes
      in sperm morphology to be related to carcinogenesis, we found that (a) a positive
      response in the mouse sperm morphology test is highly specific for carcinogenic
      potential (100% for the agents surveyed), and (b) overall, only 50% of
      carcinogens were positive in the test (i.e., sensitivity approximately equal to
      50%). Since many carcinogens do not produce abnormally shaped sperm even at
      lethal doses, negative findings with the sperm test cannot be used to classify
      agents as noncarcinogens. We conclude that the mouse sperm morphology test has
      potential use for identifying chemicals that induce spermatogenic dysfunction and
      perhaps heritable mutations. Insufficient numbers of chemicals agents have been
      studied by the other sperm tests to permit similar comparisons. A comparison of
      25 chemicals tested with sperm counts, motility, and morphology in at least 2
      species (including man, mouse and 9 other mammals) demonstrated good agreement in
      response among species. With further study, interspecies comparisons of
      chemically induced sperm changes may be useful for predicting and evaluating
      human effects.

PMID- 6835247
TI  - An evaluation of human sperm as indicators of chemically induced alterations of
      spermatogenic function. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene
      Tox Program.
AB  - To evaluate the utility of sperm tests as indicators of chemical effects on human
      spermatogenesis, the literature on 4 sperm tests used to assess chemically
      induced testicular dysfunction was reviewed. The tests surveyed included sperm
      count, motility, morphology (seminal cytology), and double Y-body (a fluorescence
      based test thought to detect Y-chromosomal nondisjunction). There were 132 papers
      that provided sufficient data for evaluation. These reports encompassed 89
      different chemical exposures: 53 were to single agents; 14 to complex mixtures;
      and 22 to combinations of 2 or more identified agents. Approximately 85% of the
      exposures were to experimental or therapeutic drugs, 10% were to occupational or
      environmental agents, and 5% were to drugs for personal use. The most common
      sperm parameter studied was sperm count (for 87 of the 89 exposures reviewed).
      Sperm motility was evaluated for 59 exposures, morphology for 44, and double Y
      bodies for only 4. The 89 exposures reviewed were grouped into 4 classes: those
      which adversely effected spermatogenesis, as measured by one or more of the sperm
      tests (52); those suggestive of improving semen quality (11); those showing
      inconclusive evidence of adverse effects from exposure (14); and those showing no
      significant changes (12). Since the reviewed reports had a large variety of study
      designs, and since every attempt was made to include all reports with
      interpretable data, these classifications were based on reviewing committee
      decisions rather than on uniform statistical criteria. This review gives strong
      evidence that human sperm tests can be used to identify chemicals that affect
      sperm production, but because of our limited understanding of underlying
      mechanisms, the extent to which they can detect mutagens, carcinogens or agents
      that affect fertility remains uncertain. For the very few agents studied with
      both human and mouse sperm tests, similar test-responses were seen; thus sperm
      tests in mice and other laboratory mammals may have a potential role in hazard
      identification. An overall comparison of the 4 human sperm tests suggests that no
      one test is biologically more responsive than another; all of them may thus be
      needed when testing for chemically induced changes from agents of unknown
      activity. This review also gives evidence that sperm tests can be used to assess
      the extent and the potential reversibility of induced spermatogenic damage. The
      reviewing committee recommends further studies to determine (a) the dose-response
      characteristics of the human sperm tests, (b) details of the reversibility of
      induced changes with time after exposure, (c) the relative responses in the 4
      sperm tests in exposed individuals, (d) the mechanism of action, (e) the
      biological and genetic implications of chemically induced effects, and (f) the
      comparison of responses among different species for risk assessment. The
      reviewing committee outlines specific considerations for planning new sperm
      studies on chemically exposed men.

PMID- 6835248
TI  - DNA damage induced in vivo in various tissues by nitrochlorobenzene derivatives.
AB  - Mono-, di-, and trinitrochlorobenzenes were injected i.p. into albino Swiss CD1
      mice. Their effects were evaluated, in brain, liver and kidney, as single-strand
      DNA breaks. DNA damage was recognizable 4 h after administration in vivo, and its
      increment seemed to be related to the number of nitro groups contained in the
      chlorobenzene molecule. The simple and accurate microfluorometric procedure for
      DNA assay associated to the alkaline elution technique improved the application
      in vivo, avoiding the radiolabeling of DNA.

PMID- 6835250
TI  - Clastogenic activity of caffeic acid and its relationship to hydrogen peroxide
      generated during autooxidation.
AB  - Caffeic acid is a clastogenic cinnamic acid found in a conjugated form in a
      variety of foods. The possibility that the biological activity of caffeic acid is
      due to hydrogen peroxide generated during its autooxidation in solution was
      investigated using chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells as a
      test system. Freshly prepared caffeic acid at pH 7.00 contained only traces of
      hydrogen peroxide, as assayed by the molybdate-catalyzed release of I-3. Such
      solutions exhibited clastogenic activity which could not be accounted for by the
      level of hydrogen peroxide present, and which was not significantly diminished by
      the addition of catalase or horseradish peroxidase. 3-day-old solutions of
      caffeic acid exhibited higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, and increased
      biological activity. In such solutions, the clastogenic activity was catalase
      sensitive and could be entirely accounted for by the level of hydrogen peroxide
      present.

PMID- 6835249
TI  - Mutagenicity of cyanate, a decomposition product of MNU.
AB  - Knox reported that the short-term effects of the carcinogen methylnitrosourea
      (MNU) were due to the formation of its decomposition product, the cyanate ion. He
      showed that cell survival and DNA synthesis decreased as the concentration of MNU
      and the cyanate ion (NCO-) increased in the medium. Further, the product of MNU
      decomposition comigrated with NCO- when added to his chromatographic test system.
      However, Knox did not study the mutagenicity of MNU or its breakdown products. We
      compared the mutagenicity of MNU and potassium cyanate (KNCO) in mammalian cells.
      Our results demonstrate that, although it is toxic to cells, KNCO does not induce
      ouabain-resistant mutants in cultured Chinese hamster cells (V79).

PMID- 6835252
TI  - Induction of chromosome damage by methylene chloride in CHO cells.
AB  - The genotoxicity of methylene chloride was determined using sister-chromatid
      exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration assays in cultured Chinese hamster ovary
      (CHO) cells. Methylene chloride caused extensive chromosome aberrations both with
      and without metabolic activation. However, the results of the SCE assay were
      negative for methylene chloride. These results agree with previously observed
      genotoxic effects of methylene chloride in Salmonella typhimurium and
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fact that methylene chloride causes chromosome
      aberrations without increasing the SCE level indicates that complete reliance on
      the induction of SCE as a test system for assessing chromosomal effects is not
      valid.

PMID- 6835251
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of alachlor and mancozeb.

PMID- 6835253
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by styrene analogues in cultured human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Styrene and 11 styrene analogues were tested for their ability to induce sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by a 48-h treatment in human whole-blood lymphocyte
      cultures (72 h). Styrene, its methyl-substituted derivatives (substituted at 2-,
      3-, 4-, 3,5- or beta-position) and two styrene oxides (3,5-dimethylstyrene-7,8
      oxide and 4-nitrostyrene-7,8-oxide) induced a distinct dose-dependent increase in
      SCEs. Also, 4-methylstyrene-7,8-oxide and alpha-methylstyrene showed a positive
      effect, but were not able to double the mean number of SCEs/cell at the
      concentration ranges available. Ethylbenzene had a marginal effect on SCEs at the
      highest dose tested. 2-Phenylethanol did not increase SCEs. The results indicate
      that styrene and methylstyrenes are converted into reactive metabolites in the
      whole-blood lymphocyte cultures. The negative or weak effects of styrene
      analogues without a double bond in the side-chain (ethylbenzene and 2
      phenylethanol) suggest that the reactive metabolites are derived from the
      conversion of the vinyl group and are styrene-7,8-oxides.

PMID- 6835254
TI  - An assessment of the potential testicular toxicity of 10 pesticides using the
      mouse-sperm morphology assay.
AB  - Dinitrobutylphenol, chlorbenzilate, atrazine, Ordram, Telone (dichloropropene),
      pentachlorophenol (technical and reagent grades), Benomyl, DBCP
      (dibromochloropropane), and carbaryl were tested over a range of 7 doses in the
      mouse to assess their testicular toxicity. Measures of potential toxicity were
      sperm morphology, sperm counts and testicular weights. Each pesticide was
      injected intra-peritoneally in a single dose on each of 5 days. Testicular
      toxicity was assessed at 35 days. None of the pesticides tested, including the
      known human male testicular toxin, DBCP, produced statistically significant
      differences in the parameters from vehicle-injected controls.

PMID- 6835256
TI  - Lack of induction of single-strand breaks in mammalian cells by sodium azide and
      its proximal mutagen.
AB  - The mutagenicity of sodium azide in both higher plants and bacteria is well
      documented. However, in mammalian cells, research on the effects of azide on gene
      mutations has produced conflicting results. Furthermore, no research has been
      conducted on the effects of azide and its proximal mutagen (mutagenic metabolite)
      on DNA single-strand breaks. Experiments were designed to overcome this lack of
      information on azide mutagenicity and to evaluate the potential hazard of azide
      exposure to man. Chinese hamster V79 cells were treated with either azide or its
      proximal mutagen(s) for 2 or 6 h, respectively, and analyzed by alkaline elution
      for single-strand breaks. The data showed that neither azide nor the proximal
      mutagen(s) induced single-strand DNA breaks or DNA-protein cross-links. Therefore
      it appears that neither azide nor its proximal mutagen(s) interact directly with
      DNA and this suggests that azide may be an indirect-acting mutagen. Furthermore,
      this lack of interaction with DNA may account for azide's lack of
      carcinogenicity.

PMID- 6835257
TI  - Mutagenicity of some organophosphorus compounds at the ade6 locus of
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - 12 organophosphorus insecticides were tested for toxicity and mutagenicity in the
      forward mutation test system ade6 of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMS and
      MMS were selected as positive controls. 3 compounds, dichlorvos, trichlorfon and
      paraoxon, showed a linear dose-response relationship. Among the other compounds
      investigated, methyl derivatives, though in general more toxic than ethyl
      derivatives, did not significantly increase the mutation frequency. Trichlorfon,
      tested in combination with malathion, methylparathion or methylazinphos
      (guthion), produced clearly synergistic effects for both toxicity and
      mutagenicity. The addition of S9 microsomal liver fraction decreased the
      efficiency of both single and combined treatments only where a dose-response
      relationship or a synergistic effect was obtained.

PMID- 6835258
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges and cell kinetics in human and rabbit lymphocytes
      exposed in vivo and in vitro to 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine.
AB  - The possible mutagenic and DNA-synthesis inhibitory effects of 2-bromo-alpha
      ergocryptine, a new semi-synthetic ergot alkaloid, was studied in human and
      rabbit lymphocytes exposed to it in vivo and in vitro. The analysis of SCE was
      mainly used to evaluate potential mutagenicity, and the mitotic and DNA-synthesis
      inhibition was explored by examining the proportions of first-, second- and third
      division metaphases in the corresponding lymphocyte cultures. The results
      obtained show that 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine does not induce SCE in the cell
      systems tested, or structural chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes in
      vivo. On the other hand, a marked mitotic inhibitory effect and associated cell
      kinetic changes could be clearly attributed to the drug, probably related to its
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6835261
TI  - The repair of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes after combined
      irradiation with UV-radiation (254 nm) and X-rays.
AB  - Human lymphocytes were exposed to UV-radiation and X-rays. The previously
      reported synergistic effect on the frequency of chromosome aberrations (Holmberg
      and Jonasson, 1974) was measured as a function of the time between the 2
      irradiations to study the effect of repair processes in cells in PBS at 20
      degrees C. The synergistic effect was found to be rather constant as a function
      of time (in the interval up to 90 min) when the UV-radiation is delivered first.
      The synergistic effect decreases with a half-life of about 20 min when the cells
      are first X-irradiated and after various times are given a UV-treatment. This is
      not in accordance with findings from dose-fractionation experiments with X-rays,
      in which lesions interact with each other for several hours. It is proposed that
      the enhanced aberration frequency in the combined irradiations originates from
      interactions between short-lived, X-ray-induced DNA-lesions in close spatial
      proximity (mainly lesions in the same ionization track), and the repair of these
      lesions are affected by the UV-treatment. In contrast, the aberrations studied in
      dose-fractionation experiments, by definition, are due to interactions between
      (long-lived) lesions in different tracks. Further details of this model for
      aberration production are discussed.

PMID- 6835255
TI  - Formaldehyde is mutagenic for cultured human cells.

PMID- 6835260
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchange induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats
      exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation.
AB  - Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to target concentrations of 0, 50, 150 or 450
      ppm ethylene oxide (EO) for 6 h/day for 1 or 3 days. Blood was removed by cardiac
      puncture and cultured in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine for sister-chromatid
      exchange (SCE) and chromosome-breakage analyses. EO caused a concentration
      dependent increase in SCE following both 1 and 3 days of exposure, and the
      effects appeared to be additive. No significant dose-dependent increase in
      chromosome breakage was observed, and reasons for this apparent discrepancy with
      other published data are discussed. These findings are consistent with the
      occurrence of elevated SCE frequencies in occupationally-exposed workers, and the
      results demonstrate for the first time that SCE can be detected in cultured
      lymphocytes of rodents following inhalation exposures.

PMID- 6835262
TI  - Formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity and sister-chromatid exchanges in human
      lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 6835259
TI  - Mutagenicity studies with the mouse spot test.
AB  - The mammalian spot test, which detects somatic gene mutations in mouse embryos,
      was investigated with selected chemicals to (a) further validate this test system
      (ENU, EMS, 2AAF, colchicine) and (b) evaluate the mutagenic potential, in a whole
      mammal system, of environmental compounds that had been previously recognized as
      mutagens in other mammalian or submammalian test systems (1,2-dichloroethane,
      hydroquinone, nitrofurantoin, o-phenylenediamine, fried sausage extract). Of
      these substances, ENU, EMS and 2AAF were significantly mutagenic, 1,2
      dichloroethane was probably weakly mutagenic. The ENU data were used to estimate
      the number of pigment precursor cells present at the time of treatment (day
      9.25). We also describe in this report the use of a fluorescence microscope for
      classification of hairs from spots on the coat of C57BL/6JHan X T hybrids.

PMID- 6835264
TI  - The effects of cell-culture density on cell inactivation by benzo[a]pyrene-4,5
      oxide.
AB  - Initial survival levels of CHO-K1 monolayers following exposure to benzo[a]pyrene
      4,5-oxide were found to depend upon the culture density of exponential-phase
      cells during the exposure portion of the experiment. A continuous increase in the
      surviving fraction (measured by cloning ability) was observed when culture
      treatment densities were above 2 x 10(4) cells/cm2 (approximately 15% of maximum
      density). This effect was not observed with ultraviolet-irradiated cells nor due
      to increased repair times, frequently observed in plateau (density)-inhibited
      cultures. Furthermore, treated cells unable to grow at cloning densities (8-15
      cells/cm2) continued to grow and divide for at least 9 population doublings
      following exposure provided post-exposure culture densities were maintained at
      6.6 x 10(3) cells/cm2 or greater.

PMID- 6835263
TI  - Exhalation of ethylene oxide by rats on exposure to ethylene.

PMID- 6835265
TI  - Ataxia-telangiectasia cells are not uniformly deficient in poly(ADP-ribose)
      synthesis following X-irradiation.
AB  - The synthesis of poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) [poly(ADR-R)] follows the DNA
      strand breakage produced by a number of physical and chemical agents, including X
      radiation, and may be important for repair of several types of DNA damage. The
      reduction or abolition of its synthesis following X-irradiation might explain the
      enhanced sensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) cells to X-ray. We have
      examined 8 lines of human fibroblasts (including 4 A-T lines) for stimulation of
      the synthesis of poly(ADP-R) by X-irradiation. Similar amounts of X-ray
      stimulated synthesis of poly(ADP-R) were detected in 4 lines of A-T fibroblasts,
      and in fibroblasts from a xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient, a Fanconi's anemia
      (FA) patient and 2 normal patients. 6 lines of human lymphoblastoid lines were
      also examined for X-ray-stimulated poly(ADP-R) synthesis. 4 A-T lines displayed
      an unusually high synthesis of poly(ADP-R) in unirradiated cells compared with 2
      normal lines. Despite this complication, some but not all, of the A-T
      lymphoblastoid lines did synthesize poly(ADP-R) following X-irradiation similarly
      to the normal lines. Thus, deficient poly(ADP-R) synthesis following X
      irradiation is not likely to explain the enhanced sensitivity of all A-T cells to
      this DNA-breaking agent.

PMID- 6835266
TI  - Candida meningitis. Course, prognosis and mortality before and after introduction
      of the new antimycotics.

PMID- 6835267
TI  - [Mycological findings in gastroscopy patients--possibilities of differentiated
      evaluation].

PMID- 6835269
TI  - Antimycotic activity of different chemicals, chaksine iodide and garlic.

PMID- 6835270
TI  - Cardiovascular disease and vasectomy. Findings from two epidemiologic studies.
AB  - We performed two epidemiologic studies using routine abstracts of medical records
      to test the hypothesis that vasectomy may predispose men to cardiovascular
      disease. In a case-control study 1512 men who were under 55 years of age and had
      a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or hypertension were matched with
      3024 controls with other conditions; 2.4 per cent of the cases and 2.7 per cent
      of the controls were identified as having undergone vasectomy (risk ratio, 0.9;
      95 per cent confidence limits, 0.6 to 1.3). In a cohort study data covering a
      mean period of 6 1/2 years after surgery were available on 1764 men who had had a
      vasectomy and on three comparison cohorts of men who had had other minor surgical
      procedures. There was no evidence of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
      associated with vasectomy. There is no consistent evidence from our studies to
      support the hypothesis that in the short term vasectomy predisposes young men to
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6835272
TI  - The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings.

PMID- 6835268
TI  - Study on the immune response and serological diagnosis of equine histoplasmosis
      "epizootic lymphangitis".

PMID- 6835271
TI  - Hypertension control at the work site. Comparison of screening and referral
      alone, referral and follow-up, and on-site treatment.
AB  - Four methods for improving hypertension control among employees were tested in
      one manufacturing plant each: screening and referral to a physician but no other
      intervention; referral to a physician and semiannual follow-up; referral to a
      physician and more frequent follow-up as needed; and on-site treatment or care by
      a family physician. All methods significantly increased the proportion of
      subjects under treatment, but only the three programs offering follow-up or
      treatment significantly improved the adequacy of control. At the end of the three
      years of the project, 56 to 62 per cent of the hypertensive employees in these
      three programs had blood-pressure readings below 140/90 mm Hg, and 86 to 90 per
      cent had readings below 160/95. In contrast, among employees who received no
      intervention after screening, only 21 per cent had readings below 140/90 mm Hg at
      the end of the study, and only 47 per cent had readings below 160/95. Employees
      selecting on-site treatment had the highest level of blood-pressure control, but
      this finding appeared to be due to self-selection of previously untreated
      patients into on-site treatment and to exclusion of employees with other medical
      problems. We conclude that work-site hypertension programs can produce
      substantial improvements in blood-pressure control if they include systematic,
      routine follow-up that provides employees with information about their condition
      and offers support for maintenance of therapy.

PMID- 6835273
TI  - Unusual cytoplasmic body in lymphoid cells of homosexual men with unexplained
      lymphadenopathy. A preliminary report.

PMID- 6835274
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 14-1983. A 67-year-old woman with pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6835275
TI  - Thymic dysplasia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6835276
TI  - Acquired (or congenital) immunodeficiency syndrome in infants born of Haitian
      mothers.

PMID- 6835278
TI  - Sex differences in plasma homovanillic acid in acute psychosis.

PMID- 6835277
TI  - Oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer.

PMID- 6835279
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids in asthma is not due to suppression of leukotriene
      release.

PMID- 6835282
TI  - Bad advice on daytime TV.

PMID- 6835281
TI  - Dermatobia hominis comes to Boston.

PMID- 6835280
TI  - External imaging of gastric-cancer metastases with radiolabelled CEA and CSAp
      antibodies.

PMID- 6835283
TI  - The increasing rate of suicide by firearms.
AB  - The rate of suicide has risen over the past 25 years, particularly among persons
      under the age of 40 years. An examination of types of suicide shows that only the
      rate of suicide by means of firearms has risen continuously over this period.
      From 1953 to 1978, the age-adjusted rate of suicide by means of firearms
      increased from 4.9 to 7.1 per 100,000 population per year, whereas the age
      adjusted rate of suicide by all other means remained the same: 5.9 in 1953 and
      5.4 in 1978. I have examined and rejected the hypothesis that this striking
      increase in suicide by firearms could have been due to an increase in self
      inflicted firearm accidents that were misdiagnosed as suicide. It is conceivable
      that the rise in the suicide rate might be controlled by restricting the sale of
      handguns, since another study has shown that handguns account for 83 per cent of
      all suicides by firearms.

PMID- 6835284
TI  - Law-medicine notes. Financial support by spouse during professional education:
      just compensation at divorce.

PMID- 6835285
TI  - Cimetidine-induced impotence and breast changes in patients with gastric
      hypersecretory states.

PMID- 6835286
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 15-1983. A 24-year-old man with cervical lymphadenopathy and the
      nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 6835287
TI  - Preventing suicide.

PMID- 6835288
TI  - Adding insult to injury. Usurping patients' prerogatives.

PMID- 6835289
TI  - More on penicillin-induced leukopenia.

PMID- 6835290
TI  - Cerebral atrophy in torture victims.

PMID- 6835291
TI  - Digoxin-like immunoreactivity in premature and full-term infants not receiving
      digoxin therapy.

PMID- 6835292
TI  - Endobronchial streptokinase for bronchial obstruction by blood clots.

PMID- 6835293
TI  - Amiodarone in patients on long-term dialysis.

PMID- 6835294
TI  - Case 50-1982: familial polyposis of the colon and extracolonic tumors.

PMID- 6835296
TI  - Effect of tachypnea on the estimation of body temperature by an oral thermometer.

PMID- 6835295
TI  - Prevalence of congenital or acquired complement deficiency in patients with
      sporadic meningococcal disease.
AB  - We evaluated the complement system in 20 patients presenting with a first episode
      of meningococcal meningitis, meningococcemia, or meningococcal pericarditis.
      Assays of total serum complement activity were performed prospectively in 12
      patients and retrospectively in 8. Six of the twenty patients had a complement
      deficiency (CH50 greater than 2 S.D. below the normal mean). Three of these six
      had a deficiency of a terminal-pathway protein (C6 in two and C8 in one), and the
      other three had deficiencies of multiple complement proteins associated with
      underlying systemic lupus erythematosus or multiple myeloma. Patients with
      decreased amounts of complement were similar to normal patients in terms of sex,
      age, type of infection, and meningococcal serogroup, but 3 of the 6 patients with
      a complement deficiency were black, as compared with none of the 14 patients with
      normal function (P = 0.018). Complement deficiency is common in patients with a
      first episode of meningococcal disease and may be due to either a deficiency in a
      single terminal protein or a complement-depleting underlying illness.

PMID- 6835297
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 16-1983. Pleuritic pain and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in a
      52-year-old woman.

PMID- 6835298
TI  - Sounding board. Engineers, cranks, physicians, magicians.

PMID- 6835299
TI  - Decreased coronary reserve and angina pectoris in aortic stenosis with normal
      coronary arteries.

PMID- 6835300
TI  - Cryptosporidial cholecystitis.

PMID- 6835301
TI  - Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 6835302
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children.

PMID- 6835303
TI  - Diagnosis of biliary atresia.

PMID- 6835305
TI  - More on diagnosis of amyloidosis.

PMID- 6835304
TI  - Diagnosis of fractures of the hip or pelvis (continued)

PMID- 6835306
TI  - The value of the autopsy in three medical eras.
AB  - To determine whether advances in diagnostic procedures have reduced the value of
      autopsies, we analyzed 100 randomly selected autopsies from each of the academic
      years 1960, 1970, and 1980 at one university teaching hospital. In all three eras
      about 10 per cent of the autopsies revealed a major diagnosis that, if known
      before death, might have led to a change in therapy and prolonged survival;
      another 12 per cent showed a clinically missed major diagnosis for which
      treatment would not have been changed. Among 1980 autopsies, renal disease and
      pulmonary embolus were less common causes of death than before, but systemic
      bacterial, viral, and fungal infections increased significantly and were missed
      clinically 24 per cent of the time. The introduction of radionuclide scans,
      ultrasound, and computerized tomography as diagnostic procedures did not reduce
      the use of conventional tests in patients who subsequently died and were studied
      by autopsy. Over-reliance on these new procedures occasionally contributed
      directly to missed major diagnoses. We conclude that advances in diagnostic
      technology have not reduced the value of the autopsy, and that a goal-directed
      autopsy remains a vital component in the assurance of good medical care.

PMID- 6835307
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and glomerulonephritis in a patient with congenital
      absence of the third component of complement.

PMID- 6835309
TI  - Surgical therapy for obesity.

PMID- 6835308
TI  - High-dose vitamin E does not decrease the rate of chronic hemolysis in glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 6835310
TI  - Health and human rights in El Salvador.

PMID- 6835311
TI  - Increased sympathetic activity in cirrhosis.

PMID- 6835313
TI  - More on medical planning for war.

PMID- 6835314
TI  - Misuse of laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 6835312
TI  - Hypersensitivity of adrenergic receptors and blood-pressure response to oral
      yohimbine in orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 6835315
TI  - Revenue bonds and hospital operations.

PMID- 6835316
TI  - Medical mission report on El Salvador.

PMID- 6835317
TI  - Occult intracranial aneurysms in polycystic kidney disease. When is cerebral
      arteriography indicated?
AB  - Patients with polycystic kidney disease are at increased risk of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage from rupture of intracranial aneurysms. We used decision analysis to
      assess whether or not patients with polycystic kidney disease should undergo
      routine cerebral arteriography for intracranial aneurysms and prophylactic
      surgery, if an aneurysm is detected. We incorporated published data on the
      prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with polycystic kidney disease,
      the annual rate of aneurysmal rupture, the risk of grave complications of
      rupture, and the likelihood of grave complications of arteriography and
      prophylactic surgery. Outcomes were assessed as years of survival, and benefit
      was calculated as the gain in survival. Our analysis shows that arteriography
      should not be carried out routinely because its benefit exceeds one year only if
      the prevalence of aneurysm exceeds 30 per cent, if the surgical complication rate
      is 1 per cent or less, and if the patient is under 25 years of age. If newer
      noninvasive tests, such as digital-subtraction angiography, prove to identify
      reliably patients who are highly likely to have a cerebral aneurysm, routine
      screening with these tests will be warranted in patients with polycystic kidney
      disease.

PMID- 6835318
TI  - Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Late follow-up in 100 cases.
AB  - To evaluate the results of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity, we studied 100
      patients with intact bypasses an average of more than five years after surgery.
      Mean weight loss at five years was 102.7 lb (46.6 kg) (33 per cent). Although
      nearly half the patients regained some weight between one and five years after
      surgery, only 17 per cent regained 20 lb (9 kg) or more. Medical benefits (such
      as improved glucose tolerance and lowered blood pressure) were maintained at five
      years, but side effects and complications continued to occur in the late
      postoperative period. Diarrhea (more than three stools per day) persisted in 58
      per cent of the patients, and electrolyte disturbances occurred in over a third.
      Diminished levels of B12 or folate or both were present in 88 per cent. Twenty
      one per cent of the patients had nephrolithiasis, and 20 per cent of those who
      were at risk required cholecystectomy. Progressive hepatic structural
      abnormalities occurred in 29 per cent of the patients, and there was a 7 per cent
      incidence of cirrhosis. Although 81 per cent of the patients had satisfactory
      results at five years, side effects and complications continued to occur,
      mandating careful follow-up indefinitely. The risk-to-benefit ratio at five years
      after surgery seems acceptable, but the continued untoward effects of the bypass
      in the late postoperative period have led us to abandon this procedure in favor
      of gastric bypass. Only continued longitudinal follow-up will determine whether
      on balance jejunoileal bypass represents such a serious long-term health hazard
      that prophylactic restoration of intestinal continuity is indicated.

PMID- 6835319
TI  - Physicians' reactions to patients. A key to teaching humanistic medicine.

PMID- 6835320
TI  - Preliminary observations on the effect of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in
      homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 6835322
TI  - Tissue oxygen delivery and cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.

PMID- 6835323
TI  - The need to redefine "addiction".

PMID- 6835321
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri associated with initiation of levothyroxine therapy for
      juvenile hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6835324
TI  - Evaluation of cerebral mass lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 6835325
TI  - Immunosuppression and the risk of brain lymphoma.

PMID- 6835327
TI  - Maple-syrup-urine disease.

PMID- 6835326
TI  - Case 52-1982: legionnaires' disease complicating hairy-cell leukemia.

PMID- 6835328
TI  - Case 47-1982: thymic cyst and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 6835330
TI  - Passive absorption of nicotine in airline flight attendants.

PMID- 6835329
TI  - Cost of smoking.

PMID- 6835331
TI  - Phenytoin toxicity when tablets substituted for capsules.

PMID- 6835332
TI  - "Genu genuflectorum".

PMID- 6835333
TI  - Addressing patients by their first names.

PMID- 6835336
TI  - The attending physician as teacher.

PMID- 6835334
TI  - Cellular sensitivity to collagen in thromboangiitis obliterans.
AB  - We studied 39 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans to determine their
      cellular and humoral immune responses to native human collagen Type I and Type
      III, which are constituents of blood vessels. Cell-mediated sensitivity to these
      collagens was measured by an antigen-sensitive thymidine-incorporation assay. The
      mean stimulation index--the ratio of thymidine incorporation in the presence of
      antigen to that in its absence--with both Type I and Type III collagens used as
      antigens was significantly higher in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans
      than in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans or in healthy male controls.
      Lymphocytes from 77 per cent of the patients with thromboangiitis obliterans
      exhibited cellular sensitivity to human Type I or Type III collagens (or both).
      Furthermore, in 17 of 39 serum samples from the patients with thromboangiitis
      obliterans a low but significant level of anticollagen antibody activity was
      detected, whereas there was no antibody activity in serum samples from controls.
      These results suggest that there is a distinct etiologic factor in this disease
      and also raise the possibility of differentiating between thromboangiitis
      obliterans and arteriosclerosis obliterans by immunologic means.

PMID- 6835335
TI  - Abnormalities in plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid arginine vasopressin in patients
      with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that many patients with anorexia nervosa have
      defects in urinary concentration or dilution suggestive of abnormal secretion of
      the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin. To explore this possibility, we
      examined the response of plasma vasopressin to intravenous hypertonic saline in
      anorexic patients before and after correction of their weight loss. We also
      measured basal levels of the hormone in the cerebrospinal fluid. In all four
      subjects studied before correction of weight loss, the response to hypertonic
      saline was abnormal: in one, the plasma level of arginine vasopressin increased
      subnormally relative to the plasma sodium level; in the other three, it
      fluctuated erratically, with no relation to plasma sodium. These defects
      persisted in the three patients studied three to four weeks after recovery of
      body weight. In two patients who were initially studied when they were
      underweight, the defects were gone six months after recovery; in five of seven
      other patients studied at least six months after recovery but not while they were
      underweight, the response was normal. Abnormalities in the osmoregulation of
      plasma arginine vasopressin were not accounted for by nonosmotic stimuli and were
      almost always associated with an absolute increase in the level of arginine
      vasopressin in the cerebrospinal fluid or a reversal of the normal (less than
      1.0) cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratio of arginine vasopressin. These results
      indicate that most if not all patients with anorexia nervosa have abnormal levels
      of arginine vasopressin in their plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that are
      corrected very slowly with weight gain. The cause and consequences of these
      abnormalities remain to be determined.

PMID- 6835337
TI  - Disappearance of plasma melatonin after removal of a neoplastic pineal gland.

PMID- 6835338
TI  - High-altitude pituitary-thyroid dysfunction on Mount Everest.

PMID- 6835341
TI  - Thromboangiitis obliterans--an autoimmune disorder?

PMID- 6835339
TI  - Recurrent bacterial infections associated with C3 nephritic factor and
      hypocomplementemia.

PMID- 6835340
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 19-1983. Pulmonary reticulonodular disease with consolidation and
      abscess formation.

PMID- 6835342
TI  - No increased incidence of AIDS in recipients of hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 6835343
TI  - Amyloid in myeloma stem-cell culture.

PMID- 6835344
TI  - Plasma acid-base patterns in ketoacidosis.

PMID- 6835345
TI  - Case 51-1982: relapsing polychondritis.

PMID- 6835346
TI  - High potassium in low-sodium soups.

PMID- 6835347
TI  - Living with a tracheostomy for sleep apnea.

PMID- 6835348
TI  - Aphthous ulcer of the uvula and the painful burp.

PMID- 6835349
TI  - The sunglass syndrome.

PMID- 6835350
TI  - Confidentiality in medicine.

PMID- 6835351
TI  - Leprosy today.

PMID- 6835352
TI  - The scientist and the news media.

PMID- 6835353
TI  - Immunostimulation with muramyl dipeptide and its desmethyl analogue: Studies of
      non-specific resistance to pulmonary blastomycosis in inbred mouse strains.
AB  - N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) protected against pulmonary
      blastomycosis when given prophylactically to BALB/c mice. Its desmethyl analogue
      (DM-MDP) had a similar effect. In C3H/HeJ, the effect was less marked. Early
      treatment after infection, with MDP and DM-MDP, had a modest effect in C3H/HeJ
      and BALB/c respectively, whereas late treatment had no effect in any mouse
      strain. No effect could be demonstrated with challenge sizes producing too lethal
      a model or minimal lethality, or in DBA/2J or young BALB/c mice. The effects in
      various strains do not correlate with differing effects on nonspecific
      immunostimulation in these strains. Immunostimulation with glycopeptides deserves
      further study in prophylaxis or therapy of fungal infection.

PMID- 6835354
TI  - Mycetoma or pseudomycetoma? A distinctive mycosis caused by dermatophytes.
AB  - A 13-year old black girl presented with an unusual scalp lesion felt to be
      compatible with mycotic granuloma. She had undergone surgery two years earlier
      for removal of three similar scalp lesions. Material excised during surgical
      removal of the cyst-like lesion again revealed histopathology compatible with
      mycotic granuloma. Surgical material cultured out pure growth of a fungus
      identified as Microsporum canis Bodin. Subsequent histopathological study of the
      infected tissue resulted in a diagnosis of dermatophytic 'mycetoma'. The disease
      will be reviewed and discussed as regards its nomenclature, histopathology and
      salient clinical features.

PMID- 6835355
TI  - Prototheca ecology.

PMID- 6835356
TI  - Defense mechanisms of mice against Exophiala dermatitidis infection.

PMID- 6835357
TI  - Resurrecting a nuclear accident.

PMID- 6835359
TI  - A shaky foundation in the structure of the skull?

PMID- 6835358
TI  - Defoliants in Vietnam: the long-term effects.

PMID- 6835360
TI  - A transcriptional function for the repetitive ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The function of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal spacer has been studied in vivo and
      by microinjection of in vitro mutants into Xenopus oocytes. It is shown that the
      spacer directs specific RNA transcripts which most probably terminate upstream of
      the ribosomal genes and that it is able to modulate transcription of these genes.
      The data lead to a model in which the ribosomal spacer is a loading site for RNA
      polymerase I and spacer transcription is the driving force by which polymerase is
      delivered to the ribosomal gene promoter.

PMID- 6835361
TI  - Two methods of catecholamine depletion in kitten visual cortex yield different
      effects on plasticity.
AB  - As first clearly demonstrated by the experiments of Wiesel and Hubel, the
      developing visual cortex is exquisitely sensitive to sensory deprivation.
      Temporary closure of one eye of a kitten during a critical period that extends
      from 3 weeks to 3 months of age results in a dramatic cortical reorganization
      such that most neurones, originally binocularly driven, are dominated exclusively
      by the open eye. Recently, attention has been directed to chemical factors which
      may influence the degree of plasticity during the critical period. The work of
      Kasamatsu and pettigrew suggests that cortical catecholamines, especially
      noradrenaline (NA), are essential for the normal plastic response to visual
      deprivation. In an effort to clarify the role of NA in visual cortical
      plasticity, we have monocularly deprived kittens whose cortex had been depleted
      of catecholamines by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We used two
      strategies to deplete cortical NA: the first, pioneered by Kasamatsu el al.,
      utilized osmotic minipumps to deliver 6-OHDA to visual cortex; the second
      involved systemic neonatal injections of 6-OHDA, a technique which has proved
      effective in rodents. We found, using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC),
      that both techniques produced a substantial reduction in the level of cortical
      NA. However, single unit recording in area 17 revealed that the plastic response
      to monocular deprivation (MD) was only diminished in the kittens depleted by
      minipump.

PMID- 6835362
TI  - Specific monoclonal IgM is a potent adjuvant in murine malaria vaccination.
AB  - Recent experiments in the murine system have indicated that the passive
      acquisition by offspring of maternal anti-malarial IgG antibodies while
      conferring some degree of immunity against a primary infection, paradoxically
      prevents the generation of acquired immunity through vaccination. Therefore, in
      view of earlier findings concerning the competitive effects of specific IgM and
      IgG antibodies, we investigated whether specific monoclonal IgM antibodies could
      be used to potentiate the response to a blood-stage murine malaria vaccine. We
      now report that small amounts of purified monoclonal anti-parasite IgM can
      specifically potentiate both priming and memory cell generation in response to
      vaccination as evidenced by survival after infection, and that the magnitude of
      this effect is greater than that found with a more conventional nonspecific
      adjuvant (Bordetella pertussis). Additionally, in offspring of immune mothers,
      where vaccination is ineffective for up to 8 weeks due to the presence of
      maternal IgG, we have found that IgM when administered with the vaccine can
      completely overcome this inhibition by its adjuvant effect.

PMID- 6835363
TI  - DNA rearrangements linked to expression of a predominant surface antigen gene of
      trypanosomes.

PMID- 6835365
TI  - The significance of transient haematopoietic spleen colonies.

PMID- 6835364
TI  - Novel lipid components of the Azotobacter vinelandii cyst membrane.
AB  - Phospholipids are ubiquitous components of biological membranes. In the
      vegetative cells of Azotobacter vinelandii, a Gram-negative free-living aerobic
      soil bacterium, the membrane lipids are phospholipids with polar head group and
      fatty acyl compositions similar to those of Escherichia coli. We report here that
      when A. vinelandii differentiates to form metabolically dormant cysts, the
      phospholipids in the membranes are replaced by a family of 5-n-alkylresorcinols
      and 6-n-alkylpyrones. These novel amphiphilic lipids form a unique membrane
      matrix which may contribute to the physiology and desiccation resistance of the
      cyst.

PMID- 6835366
TI  - Do laboratory animals have rights?

PMID- 6835367
TI  - A major transition for embryos and for embryologists.

PMID- 6835369
TI  - Magnetic particles in the liver: a probe for intracellular movement.
AB  - Previous studies have used magnetic particles to estimate the viscosity of cell
      cytoplasm in vitro 1-4. Here we describe how magnetic Fe2O3 particles can be used
      to estimate non-invasively the motion of organelles in hepatic macrophages in
      intact animals. We report that when these particles are injected intravenously
      (i.v.), most are phagocytosed by hepatic macrophages (Fig. 1)5. When an external
      magnetic field is applied to the rabbit, these particles become magnetized and
      aligned. After removal of the field, the particles collectively produce a
      remanent magnetic field which can be measured at the body surface. This field
      decreases with time due to particle rotation (relaxation) 6,7. As the particles
      are contained in phagosomes or secondary lysosomes, we conclude that motions of
      these organelles are responsible for the particle rotation and relaxation.

PMID- 6835368
TI  - Gene and protein structure of a beta-crystallin polypeptide in murine lens:
      relationship of exons and structural motifs.
AB  - A 23,000 molecular weight beta-crystallin (beta 23) of the murine eye lens is
      encoded in a 4.1 +/- 0.3-kilobase gene containing three introns. Each of the four
      exons seems to code for a separate structural motif of the protein, whose
      tertiary structure was predicted by an interactive computer graphics technique
      based on the crystallographic structure of bovine gamma II-crystallin. The first
      exon also encodes a hydrophobic N-terminal peptide resembling membrane anchor
      sequences of other proteins. Our results indicate structural homology among the
      beta- and gamma-crystallin polypeptides, and link gene structure with protein
      structure in this superfamily of lens proteins.

PMID- 6835370
TI  - Final words on malaria's return.

PMID- 6835371
TI  - Why the eye lens is transparent.

PMID- 6835373
TI  - Short-range order of crystallin proteins accounts for eye lens transparency.
AB  - In its normal state, the eye lens is transparent despite the presence in the cell
      cytoplasm of high concentrations of proteins, the crystallins, which, a priori,
      could be expected to scatter an important part of the incident light. Early on,
      an explanation was sought in the spatial correlations between individual
      scatterers. Trokel first proposed that the "high concentration of proteins in the
      lens must be accompanied by a degree of local order approaching a paracrystalline
      state"; Benedek subsequently suggested that a dense, noncrystalline packing of
      the proteins would sufficiently reduce the scattered intensity. However, in spite
      of an improved understanding of the molecular structure of crystallins, their
      spatial order remained unknown. We present here a small-angle X-ray scattering
      study of the problem, performed with calf lens cytoplasm both in intact lenses
      and in cytoplasmic extracts where the crystallin concentration was varied from 3
      to 510 mg ml-1. All our experimental data are consistent with short-range spatial
      order, as in dense liquids or glasses, and this provides a simple explanation for
      lens transparency. In addition, we detected no conformational change or
      reorganization of the crystallin proteins throughout the investigated
      concentration range.

PMID- 6835372
TI  - Photon scattering as a probe of microviscosity and channel size in gels such as
      sickle haemoglobin.
AB  - The aggregation of sickle-cell haemoglobin (HbS) is one of the most
      physiologically important and widely studied macromolecular gelation processes.
      Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process are important in determining
      the pathological consequences of deoxygenation of the red cells (and both must be
      understood if a rational strategy is to be developed for pharmacological
      intervention). We describe here a new and versatile technique for the study of
      the structure and formation of the HbS aggregates, that should be widely
      applicable to gel systems generally. We use laser autocorrelation spectroscopy to
      observe the diffusion of monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres in the
      interstices of the gel.

PMID- 6835374
TI  - Activation of rhodopsin phosphorylation is triggered by the lumirhodopsin
      metarhodopsin I transition.
AB  - The absorption of light by the chromophore of rhodopsin initiates a series of
      interconversions between spectrally distinct intermediates. The possibility has
      been raised that one of these transitions is accompanied by a change in the state
      of rhodopsin, and that it is this change which instigates visual excitation via a
      cascade of enzyme catalysed reactions. It has been suggested that the initial
      step of this cascade, which leads to the activation of cyclic GMP
      phosphodiesterase (PDE), involves the interaction of a GTP-binding regulatory (G)
      protein with rhodopsin. The ability of rhodopsin to activate PDE may be inhibited
      by the phosphorylation of sites exposed on the opsin surface as a result of light
      induced conformational changes. To obtain more information about the relationship
      between the postchemical and biochemical reactions of rhodopsin we have
      investigated which transition leads to the activation of rhodopsin as a substrate
      for rhodopsin kinase, and report here that it is the transition from
      lumirhodopsin to metarhodopsin I.

PMID- 6835376
TI  - A human parvovirus-like virus inhibits haematopoietic colony formation in vitro.
AB  - Viruses have been shown to cause bone marrow aplasia in animals and have been
      implicated in bone marrow failure in man; however, until recently, a specific
      link between human viral infection and bone marrow failure has not been proven.
      In 1975 Cossart and colleagues found a serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV,
      sometimes referred to as B19) in human serum. Antibody to this virus is present
      in the sera of 30-45% of healthy adults (Y. E. Cossart, P. P. Mortimer,
      unpublished observations). However, evidence for a direct link came from work by
      Pattison et al. who found five children with transient aplastic crisis of sickle
      cell disease and evidence of active infection with SPLV. This association was
      later confirmed in a large series of children with sickle cell disease and
      aplastic crisis in Jamaica. We have studied the effects of virus-containing
      material on haematopoiesis, using in vitro colony-forming assays to look for
      direct evidence for a role of SPLV in bone marrow aplasia. We show here that SPLV
      containing sera inhibit erythropoiesis in culture. Moreover, in a child with
      hereditary spherocytosis who developed transient aplastic crisis, a strong
      inhibitory effect of the patient's serum on erythropoiesis correlated with the
      presence of virus.

PMID- 6835375
TI  - What does the eye see best?
AB  - Our eyes see so much in such varied conditions that one might consider the
      question posed in the title to be meaningless, but we show here that, within the
      range that we have been able to test, there is a particular spatiotemporal
      pattern of light that is detected better than any other. At least two plausible
      theories of visual detection predict that a stimulus will be seen best (will have
      greatest quantum efficiency) when it matches the weighting function of the most
      efficient detector. We have measured quantum efficiency for detecting a wide
      variety of spatiotemporal patterns using foveal vision in bright light. The best
      stimulus found so far is a small, briefly exposed circular patch of sinusoidal
      grating having a spatial frequency of approximately 7 c deg-1, drifting at
      approximately 4 Hz. We propose that this is the weighting function of the most
      efficient human contrast detector. We believe this answer to the question is
      unexpected and may have fundamental implications with regard to the mechanisms of
      visual perception.

PMID- 6835377
TI  - Assembly of two types of tubules with putative cytolytic function by cloned
      natural killer cells.
AB  - The formation of ultrastructural membrane lesions of varying size during cell
      mediated cytolysis effected by human peripheral blood leukocytes was recently
      reported by Dourmashkin et al. and Henkart et al. Using cloned mouse natural
      killer (NK) cells as effectors and YAC-1 cells or rabbit erythrocytes as targets,
      we now report two types of membrane lesions with inner diameters of 16 +/- 2 nm
      and approximately 5 nm, respectively. These lesions arise by membrane insertion
      of tubular complexes that may be assembled from subunits during the cytolytic
      reaction. The tubules are detected on target membranes by immune electron
      microscopy and appear to form transmembrane channels as seen in ultrathin
      sections. Both tubules are partially purified by membrane extraction with SDS and
      gel filtration in deoxycholate containing buffer. Based on the correlation of
      tubule assembly and cytolysis and on their detection on target membranes, we
      suggest that both types of tubules may be related to cytolysis.

PMID- 6835378
TI  - Spanish "toxic-oil" syndrome.

PMID- 6835380
TI  - What happens when cellular oncogenes collide with immunoglobulin genes.

PMID- 6835379
TI  - What chance a malaria vaccine?

PMID- 6835381
TI  - Hybrid vaccinia virus for mass hepatitis immunization?

PMID- 6835383
TI  - A new method of scanning electron microscopy for imaging biological tissues.
AB  - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has proved of little value in the
      examination of material prepared for light microscopic histology. One of the
      chief reasons for this is that the secondary electron signal used for image
      formation in routine scanning microscopy derives from the surface of the
      specimen. In the case of histological material this surface is one which has been
      severely distorted by processing and cutting procedures. Light microscopy
      sections can be usefully studied in te SEM if the signal used to form the image
      derives from a considerable portion of the thickness of the section. Thus the
      backscattered electron (BSE) image has been successfully used in studying the
      distribution of dense material or densely staining components several micrometres
      deep to the surface of dried sections. Such sections are, however, usually
      mounted on low density (poorly BSE reflecting) non-transparent substrates such as
      beryllium or carbon, so that matching light microscopy of the same samples is not
      possible. We report here a method by which histological sections mounted on glass
      slides can be imaged in the SEM at a resolution higher than that obtained using
      conventional light microscopy. The method exploits the facts that the ordinary,
      cheap light microscope slide is strongly cathodoluminescent, yet the standard
      histological (7 micrometers) section is of such a mass thickness that it absorbs
      a significant proportion of electrons which energies (5-20 keV) usually used in
      biological SEM. Thus the measure of the glass cathodoluminescence signal is the
      measure of the electron flux passing through the specimen.

PMID- 6835382
TI  - Infectious vaccinia virus recombinants that express hepatitis B virus surface
      antigen.
AB  - Potential live vaccines against hepatitis B virus have been produced. The coding
      sequence for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) has been inserted into the
      vaccinia virus genome under control of vaccinia virus early promoters. Cells
      infected with these vaccinia virus recombinants synthesize and excrete HBsAg and
      vaccinated rabbits rapidly produce antibodies to HBsAg.

PMID- 6835384
TI  - Activation of acetylcholine receptors causes the partition of hydrophobic cations
      into postsynaptic membrane vesicles.
AB  - In the continued presence of cholinergic ligands, the acetylcholine receptor
      channel complex (AChR) in postsynaptic membranes undergoes a sequence of
      conformational changes. On addition of the ligand, the receptor rapidly changes
      from a closed channel to an open channel conformation, then slowly changes to a
      nonconducting state termed desensitization. The lifetime of the open channel
      conformation and the rate of desensitization are both dependent on the magnitude
      of the membrane potential, suggesting that the ligand-induced conformational
      changes in AChR may involve the movement of electrical charges within the
      membrane. Measurements of charge redistribution in AChR-containing membranes
      following ligand binding have not been reported. Recently, measurements of
      changes in the membrane partition coefficient of hydrophobic ions have been used
      to detect electrostatic changes in both biological and model membranes. We report
      here that cholinergic ligands induce changes in the partition coefficient of the
      hydrophobic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) into AChR-enriched membranes. The
      extent and time course of these changes in TPP partition coefficient are
      accounted for in a kinetic model. We conclude that TPP movement is a monitor of a
      molecular event which may be associated with the slow component of AChR
      desensitization.

PMID- 6835385
TI  - Homology between an endogenous viral LTR and sequences inserted in an activated
      cellular oncogene.
AB  - Recently, some of us reported the detection and molecular cloning of a rearranged
      cellular oncogene, designated rc-mos, from a non-virally-induced mouse myeloma,
      XRPC24. Recombinant lambda phage DNA containing the rc-mos gene was active in
      transforming NIH 3T3 cells in a transfection assay, whereas recombinant DNA
      containing the unrearranged c-mos gene was not. In rc-mos, coding sequences from
      the 5' end of c-mos were found to have been displaced by a novel cellular element
      whose nucleotide sequence was reported. We now document the fact that a 349-base
      pair (bp) segment of the novel DNA immediately adjacent to the retained c-mos
      sequences in rc-mos has close homology with the long terminal repeat (LTR) of a
      known intracisternal A-particle gene. This homology was mentioned in Nature
      recently after it had been brought to the attention of the editors (N. Hozumi and
      R. Hawley, personal communication).

PMID- 6835387
TI  - Who should test drugs?

PMID- 6835386
TI  - Histone H5 can correctly align randomly arranged nucleosomes in a defined in
      vitro system.
AB  - In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packed into regularly spaced chromatin subunits
      called nucleosomes. The average distance between nucleosomes (the repeat length)
      varies in a tissue- and species-specific manner, with values ranging from about
      160 to 240 DNA base pairs (bp). Thus, it has been recognized that the repeat
      length could be one of the factors underlying selective gene expression. In cells
      growing in culture, the characteristic repeat length for that type of cell seems
      to arise from an immature chromatin structure in which nucleosomes are initially
      irregularly spaced or are arranged in small closely packed clusters. At present
      no in vitro system has been described which is capable of reconstituting the
      mature physiological nucleosome spacing from purified chromatin components.
      Moreover, neither the factors necessary for spacing nor the reaction mechanism
      are known. We describe here an in vitro system that can restore the native
      subunit spacing in rearranged chromatin samples which have irregularly spaced
      nucleosomes similar to the situation apparent in newly replicated chromatin.

PMID- 6835388
TI  - Students, interns in protest about examinations.

PMID- 6835389
TI  - Food and drug data fudged.

PMID- 6835390
TI  - Worries about infectious cancer.

PMID- 6835391
TI  - The biology of the wheel.

PMID- 6835392
TI  - New twists to left-handed DNA.

PMID- 6835393
TI  - Denervation increases a neurite-promoting activity in extracts of skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - During early stages of embryonic development, the motoneurones of the spinal cord
      send out axons that penetrate the differentiating muscle masses and establish
      connections with individual muscle fibres. It has been proposed that during this
      period the survival, differentiation and axon outgrowth of the motoneurones
      depend upon retrograde factors produced by the muscles, and in a previous study,
      we used a quantitative assay for neurite outgrowth from dissociated embryonic
      spinal neurones in vitro to characterize a neurite-promoting activity in media
      conditioned by embryonic muscle cells. At the adult neuromuscular junction, if
      some of the axons supplying a muscle are experimentally interrupted, fine nerve
      processes 'sprout' from the remaining intramuscular nerves and grow to innervate
      the denervated muscle fibres. In this situation also, it has been postulated that
      the denervated fibres release a diffusible sprouting stimulus. Using the same in
      vitro assay as before, we now report a striking increase of neurite-promoting
      activity in extracts of neonatal chick leg muscle after total denervation.

PMID- 6835394
TI  - Generation of cat retinal ganglion cells in relation to central pathways.
AB  - The ganglion cells of the cat retina form classes distinguishable in terms of
      perikaryal size, dendritic morphology and functional properties. Further, the
      axons differ in their diameters, patterns of chiasmatic crossing and in their
      central connections. Here we define, by 3H-thymidine autoradiography, the order
      of production of cells of each class and relate the order of the 'birthdates' to
      the known axonal pathways. The ganglion cell classes are produced in broad waves,
      which overlap as cells are produced first for central then for peripheral retina.
      Medium-sized cells are produced before the largest cells, and small ganglion
      cells are produced throughout the period of cell generation. This sequence of
      cell production relates to the orderly arrangement of axons in the optic tract,
      and can also be related to the rules of chiasmatic crossing observed for each
      ganglion cell class.

PMID- 6835395
TI  - Synapse elimination in neonatal rat muscle is sensitive to pattern of muscle use.
AB  - The synaptic connections among the cells of the vertebrate nervous system undergo
      extensive rearrangements early in development. During their initial growth,
      neurones apparently form synaptic connections with an excessive number of
      targets, later retracting a portion of these synapses in establishing the adult
      neural circuits. Because of the profound effects which experience has upon the
      developing nervous system, a question of considerable interest has been the role
      which the functional use of these developing synapses might play in determining
      the final pattern of connectivity. At the neuromuscular junction the early
      changes in synaptic connections are well documented, and here questions about the
      importance of function can be relatively easily addressed. Mammalian skeletal
      muscle fibres experience a perinatal period of synapse elimination so that all
      but one of several synapses formed on each muscle fibre are lost. This synapse
      elimination is sensitive to alterations of neuromuscular use or activity.
      Reduction of muscle use by tenotomy or by paralysis of the muscle with drugs
      blocking nerve impulse conduction or neuromuscular transmission delays or even
      prevents synapse loss, while increased use produced by stimulation of the muscle
      nerve apparently accelerates the rate at which synapses are lost. I report here a
      further examination of the role of neuromuscular activity in synapse elimination.
      I show that chronic neuromuscular stimulation accelerates synapse elimination but
      that this acceleration is dependent on the temporal pattern in which the stimuli
      are presented: brief stimulus trains containing 100 Hz bursts of stimuli produce
      this acceleration whereas the same number of stimuli presented continuously at 1
      Hz do not. Furthermore, the 100 Hz activity pattern which is effective in
      altering synapse elimination also alters two other muscle properties: the
      sensitivity of the muscle fibers to acetylcholine and the 'speed' of muscle
      contractions. These findings suggest that the ability of muscle fibres to
      maintain more than one nerve terminal, like other muscle properties, is sensitive
      to the pattern of muscle use rather than just the total amount of use.

PMID- 6835396
TI  - A survey of human leukaemias for sequences of a human retrovirus.
AB  - Human T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) is an exogenous human retrovirus
      distinct from all known animal retroviruses. HTLV is closely linked to a subtype
      of adult T-cell malignancies and except for isolated cases, has not been found
      associated with any other form of leukaemia, lymphoma or other cancers (see refs
      1, 2 for review). HTLV can be transmitted to cord blood T lymphocytes in vitro
      and the infected cells exhibit characteristics of transformed neoplastic T cells.
      We have recently cloned DNA sequences derived from approximately 1 kilobase (kb)
      of the 5' and 3' termini of the HTLV genome, as well as a 4-5-kb defective HTLV
      provirus flanked by cellular sequences. The availability of these probes has
      enabled us to carry out a limited survey of different fresh or cultured cells
      from patients of different lymphoid and myeloid malignancies for HTLV-related DNA
      sequences. The results presented here show that cells from all Japanese patients
      with adult T-cell leukaemia and several patients with various mature T-cell
      malignancies from elsewhere contained one or more copies of a highly conserved
      HTLV genome. The infected cells are of clonal origin. Fresh cells from 1 of the
      10 myeloid leukaemic patients contained exogenous DNA sequences distantly related
      to HTLV.

PMID- 6835397
TI  - Caulobacter flagellin mRNA segregates asymmetrically at cell division.
AB  - Molecular processes which promote the spatial localization of subcellular
      components are fundamental to cell development and differentiation. At various
      stages in development unequal segregation of molecular information must occur to
      result in the differentiated characteristics which distinguish cell progeny.
      Biological attributes of the dimorphic bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, provide
      an experimental system permitting examination of the generation of asymmetry at
      the molecular level. When a Caulobacter cell divides, two different daughter
      cells are produced--a motile swarmer cell with a polar flagellum and a non-motile
      cell with a static appendage referred to as a stalk. The two cell types are
      distinct with respect to surface morphology, developmental potential, protein
      composition and biosynthetic capabilities. One of the more conspicuous
      manifestations of asymmetric expression of macromolecules in this system, the
      flagellum, has been studied extensively. We have cloned the flagellin genes of
      Caulobacter and report here the use of these sequences as probes to demonstrate
      that (1) the level of flagellin mRNA is regulated during the cell cycle in a
      pattern coincident with flagellum polypeptide synthesis and (2) flagellin mRNA
      synthesized before cell division is segregated with progeny swarmer cells. This
      provides molecular evidence of specific partitioning of an mRNA at the time of
      cell division.

PMID- 6835399
TI  - Science and Jewish Orthodoxy: a row in the making.

PMID- 6835398
TI  - Facile transition of poly[d(TG) x d(CA)] into a left-handed helix in
      physiological conditions.
AB  - The DNA polymer d(GC)n . d(GC)n can undergo a transition from the usual right
      handed 10.4 base pairs (bp) per turn B form to a novel left-handed 12 bp per turn
      Z form in response to altered environmental conditions. Several other alternating
      purine-pyrimidine DNA polymers with modified bases have been shown to undergo
      transitions from B to Z conformations, with varying degrees of difficulty. We
      report here that the unmodified DNA polymer d(TG)n . d(CA)n readily undergoes a
      transition to a Z conformation when subjected to unwinding torsional stress in
      ionic conditions that are close to physiological. By using a two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis system, we have determined both the critical free energy of
      supercoiling that is required to initiate the transition and the free energy of
      supercoiling that is required to maintain this polymer in the Z form.

PMID- 6835400
TI  - Animals' rights and wrongs.

PMID- 6835401
TI  - Thirty years of DNA.

PMID- 6835402
TI  - We still don't understand cancer.

PMID- 6835403
TI  - Antibiotic resistance and the evolution of bacteria.

PMID- 6835405
TI  - Disorganized embryos?

PMID- 6835404
TI  - Is there a human T/t locus?

PMID- 6835406
TI  - A secreted phosphoprotein marker for neoplastic transformation of both epithelial
      and fibroblastic cells.
AB  - A wide variety of virally and spontaneously transformed fibroblasts secrete a
      major transformation-related phosphoprotein with a molecular weight (MW),
      depending on the species of origin, of about 62,000 (62K). Markedly elevated
      extracellular levels of this major 32P-labelled protein are not simply linked to
      exponential growth but instead are associated directly with transformation. The
      phosphoprotein is not antigenically related to p60src, p60c-src or simian virus
      40 (SV40) non-viral T antigen, and it is further distinguishable from SV40 non
      viral T antigen (pp 53) on the basis of its electrophoretic mobility. In this
      study we have compared a variety of normal and transformed epithelial cells for
      secretion of this 32P-labelled protein and have found that this marker
      distinguishes neoplastic from preneoplastic and normal mouse mammary epithelium
      and also identifies highly tumorigenic cells derived from guinea pig bile duct
      epithelium and rat liver epithelium. Because the classical phenotypic properties
      commonly associated with transformation of fibroblasts cannot be generally used
      to discriminate tumorigenic from non-tumorigenic epithelial cells, this
      phosphoprotein, which identifies tumorigenic cells of both fibroblastic and
      epithelial origin, is likely to be of particular importance.

PMID- 6835407
TI  - Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related
      peptides.
AB  - Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide hormone synthesized by the A cells of the
      endocrine pancreas. Its primary site of action is the liver where it stimulates
      glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. In mammals, biosynthetic studies
      have shown that glucagon is derived from a precursor of molecular weight (Mr)
      approximately 18,000 which is five to six times larger than glucagon. Glucagon
      containing polypeptides and immunoreactants of various sizes have also been
      described from stomach, intestine, brain and salivary gland. Here, we have
      determined the structure of hamster pancreatic preproglucagon from the sequence
      of its cDNA. This 180-amino acid precursor contains the sequence of glucagon and
      two glucagon-like polypeptides arranged in tandem. The precursor also contains
      the sequences of several non-pancreatic glucagon-containing polypeptides which
      suggests that, in mammals, both pancreatic and non-pancreatic glucagon and
      glucagon-containing polypeptides may be derived from a common precursor by tissue
      specific processing. We have tentatively identified each of the glucagon-like
      immunoreactants which have been described with respect to the sequence of
      proglucagon and have proposed a scheme for the processing of pancreatic
      proglucagon.

PMID- 6835408
TI  - Conjugative plasmids in bacteria of the 'pre-antibiotic' era.
AB  - Antibiotic resistance is common in bacteria that cause disease in man and animals
      and is usually determined by plasmids. The prevalence of such plasmids, and the
      range of drugs to which they confer resistance, have increased greatly in the
      past 25 yr. It has become clear from work in many laboratories that plasmids have
      acquired resistance genes, of ultimately unknown origin, as insertions into their
      circular DNA. The intensive use of antibiotics since their introduction in the
      1940s can explain the spread of plasmids that have acquired such genes but little
      is known of the incidence of plasmids in pathogenic bacteria before the
      widespread use of antibiotics in medicine. E.D.G. Murray collected strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae from 1917 to 1954; we now report that 24% of these encode
      information for the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another. From at least
      19% of the strains, conjugative plasmids carrying no antibiotic resistance were
      transferred to Escherichia coli K-12.

PMID- 6835409
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in young children - a valuable
      addition].

PMID- 6835410
TI  - [The breakfast test, a simple method for the detection of diabetes mellitus in
      pregnant women].

PMID- 6835412
TI  - [Fatal liver cell necrosis following short-term administration of isoniazid and
      rifampicin to a patient already under treatment with antiepileptics].

PMID- 6835413
TI  - [Treatment of echinococcosis with mebendazole (Vermox) in a patient with multiple
      cysts].

PMID- 6835411
TI  - [Dietary recommendations to patients with urinary tract calculi].

PMID- 6835414
TI  - [Documentation. II: Errors and lack of optimal accuracy].

PMID- 6835416
TI  - [The role of krypton-81m-ventilation in scintigraphic studies of the lung].

PMID- 6835417
TI  - [A couple with fever and eosinophilia].

PMID- 6835418
TI  - [Numbness of the chin as a symptom of a malignant disease].

PMID- 6835415
TI  - [An epidemic of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila in a Dutch hospital].

PMID- 6835419
TI  - [Syncope due to polymorphous ventricular tachycardia: an iatrogenic problem?].

PMID- 6835422
TI  - [Judicial verdicts. A physician's responsibility for the actions of co-workers].

PMID- 6835420
TI  - [The Katayama syndrome in Surinam].

PMID- 6835421
TI  - [A patient with acute fatty liver in pregnancy].

PMID- 6835424
TI  - [Characteristics of neurons of the lateral suprasylvian region of the cat
      cerebral cortex sensitive to the movement of black stimuli].
AB  - Visually sensitive neurons of the lateral suprasylvian area were investigated in
      cats with pretrigeminal brain stem sections. Nearly 25% of a neuron population
      responding to the visual stimuli revealed great sensitivity to movement of black
      stimuli across their receptive fields. These neurons were called "black
      sensitive". As a rule, they had either a low-level or no background activity.
      Nearly 89% of these neurons revealed direction-selective properties. The most
      characteristic feature of "black-sensitive" neurons was a change in response
      patterns with the reversion of the stimulus contrast.

PMID- 6835423
TI  - [Selective reduction by morphine and enkephalins of depolarization induced by
      application of dopamine to Helix pomatia neurons].
AB  - Morphine, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin (1 . 10(-5)M) rapidly, reversibly and
      in a naloxone-dependent manner depressed the amplitude of dopamine-induced
      depolarization in neurons of the snail Helix pomatia. Dopamine hyperpolarization
      and both types of responses to acetylcholine were not altered by morphine and
      enkephalins. A hypothesis of Zieglgansberger on a blockade of chemically
      excitable sodium channels by morphine and enkephalins is discussed. It is
      suggested that opiates block sodium channels when they are applied in high
      concentration (1 . 10(-4)-1 . 10(-3)M). Lower concentration of morphine and
      enkephalins (1 . 10(-5)M) modulate the neurotransmitter postsynaptic responses
      perhaps by means of affecting the cyclic nucleotide system.

PMID- 6835425
TI  - [Study of intracortical connections between groups of neurons in the
      somatosensory region of the cortex in the rat using the technic of retrograde
      axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase].
AB  - Intercortical connections between different groups of neurons, the so-called
      "barrels" located in the somatic sensory cortex of the rat brain were identified
      by the retrograde horseradish transport technique. It is shown that HRP-labelled
      cells were found at a distance up to 400 microns from the place of injection. 90%
      of them are pyramidal neurons located mainly in laminae V and III of the cortex.
      The number of intercortical connections in labelled neurons was 1.6 times as high
      as that of thalamocortical ones. It is supposed that interaction between neurons
      of neighbouring groups is realized by the pyramidal cells of laminae V and III.

PMID- 6835427
TI  - [Space-time organization of neuronal activity in the frog tectum and its
      transformation in response to different visual stimuli].
AB  - The space and time organization of neuronal activity was studied in the frog
      tectum opticum under the action of different visual stimuli. It is shown that
      inhibition plays an important role in neuronal reactions. It is suggested that
      differences in the space time parameters of neuronal activity reflect differences
      in visual signals which bring optic information from the retina.

PMID- 6835426
TI  - [Modelling the oscillatory electrical activity of mollusk neurons].
AB  - A model is suggested describing slow membrane potential oscillations in moluscan
      neurons. It is based on the assumptions that the depolarization phase of
      oscillations is induced by slow calcium current and the hyperpolarization phase-
      by potassium current activated by intracellular Ca ions. It is stated that three
      types of neuronal electrical activity are possible depending on the values of the
      model parameters: stable membrane hyperpolarization down to the resting potential
      (-49 divided by -53 mV); slow oscillations of the membrane potential in a range
      of -30 divided by -60 mV with the period of 12-17 s; stable membrane
      depolarization up to -40 divided by -30 mV, which may lead to a repetitive firing
      behaviour of these neurons. Calculated dependence of the amplitude of membrane
      potential oscillations upon extracellular concentration of Ca, K and Na ions is
      in quantitative agreement with experimental data obtained by Barker and Gainer
      [4].

PMID- 6835428
TI  - [Features of the ultrastructural organization of the neuropile of the 1st layer
      of the cerebral cortex in the cat].
AB  - The ultrastructure of layer 1 in the middle ectosylvian gyrus (field 22) of the
      cerebral cortex was investigated in cat. It is shown that the basic part of the
      superficial neuropile under the subpial astrocytic layer is occupied by nerve
      fibres, their terminals, final branches and spines of dendrites and by the
      surrounding astrocyte processes. More than 90% of presynaptic terminals contain
      round synaptic vesicles. Axo-spine and axo-dendritic asymmetrical synapses are
      the predominant interneuronal contacts. Presynaptic terminals with flattened and
      pleomorphic synaptic vesicles participate in the formation of all symmetric
      contacts, composing 6% of the total number of synapses. Large polymorphic
      protrusions are described which contain vacuoles and invaginate in varicose
      enlargements of the terminal branches of apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons.
      These so-called "multivacuolar sacs" are appendages of presynaptic terminals. The
      identification of synaptic function in relation to the shape of synaptic vesicles
      is considered.

PMID- 6835429
TI  - [Study of the functional characteristics of visual cortex neurons in the cat upon
      local photic stimulation of their receptive fields].
AB  - Functional characteristics of 103 neurons in field 17 of the visual cortex were
      studied in immobilized and unanesthetized cats. Unit responses to modification of
      local light stimuli wer recorded under conditions of light adaptation. Mean
      photic threshold of investigated neurons was -32 dB, mean critical temporal
      summation 57 ms, duration of reactivity recovery 190 ms and sharpness of
      orientation tuning 37 degrees. As compared to dark adaptation, under light
      adaptation reduction of light sensitivity, sharpening of orientation tuning as
      well as a lengthening of temporal summation and a shortening in time of
      reactivity recovery were observed. A number of neuronal characteristics depended
      on excentricity of their receptive fields: cells with centrally localized
      receptive fields had a lower threshold, a short summation and rapid recovery of
      reactivity; their activity was of higher frequency, and they generated brief
      transient responses more often than cells with receptive fields in the periphery
      of a visual field. Mechanisms responsible for change of neuronal properties in
      the central and peripheral visual channels under light and dark adaptation are
      discussed. Several inhibitory subsystems are suggested by means of which neuronal
      activity of the visual cortex is regulated.

PMID- 6835430
TI  - [Changes in inhibitory responses in the spinal cord of the cat induced by
      stimulation of suprasegmental structures during rhythmic stimulation of the locus
      coeruleus].
AB  - Effects of rhythmic locus coeruleus stimulation on spinal reactions evoked by
      cortico-, reticulo- and vestibulospinal influences were studied in anesthetized
      decerebellized cats. Two-component inhibitory reactions in extensor and
      excitatory-inhibitory reactions in flexor motoneurons were found after the
      stimulation of the motor cortex or the medullary reticular formation. The locus
      coeruleus stimulation depressed the late component of responses in both group of
      motoneurons but had a less influence on the early inhibitory and excitatory
      components. No changes were observed in reactions evoked by vestibulospinal
      influences in the extensor and flexor motoneurons. Mechanisms of descending
      influences of locus coeruleus on spinal reactions evoked by primary afferents and
      supraspinal structures are discussed.

PMID- 6835431
TI  - [Depolarization of primary afferents induced by selective activation of
      propriospinal tracts].
AB  - Primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in the lumbosacral enlargement of the
      spinal cord evoked by selective activation of propriospinal (PS) pathways was
      studied in anesthetized cats. Activation of PS pathways in the lateral funiculus
      was more effective for PAD generation than that in the ventral funiculi.
      Excitation of PS pathways evoked PAD in terminals of cutaneous and muscle fibres
      including Ia muscle fibres. Neuronal mechanisms of intersegmental distribution of
      PAD and its possible functions are discussed.

PMID- 6835433
TI  - [Retrograde tracing of sources of cortical projections to the corpus striatum and
      claustrum in the rabbit using Evans blue].
AB  - After Evance blue injections into the rabbit caudatum-putamen retrograde-labelled
      cells were found in layer V of the occipital and parietal lobes of the cerebral
      cortex. When Evance blue was injected into caudal claustrum, the labelled cells
      were present in layer VI of the area striata. In both cases some reversed pyramid
      cells occurred among labelled cells.

PMID- 6835434
TI  - Cancer mortality in Yugoslavia.

PMID- 6835432
TI  - [Does hypoxia affect electrophysiologic characteristics of Helix pomatia
      neurons?].
AB  - Most neurons of suboesophageal ganglia are not sensitive to hypoxia (pO2 2-4 mm
      Hg), the depolarization reaches 4 mV approximately in 5% of investigated cells.
      Only 2 cells where the hypoxia caused a more significant reaction were
      identified. In silent neuron V2 the membrane potential decreased by 8-11 mV under
      hypoxia; in neuron PPa34 a sharp increment of activity with pO2 decrease and a
      decrement with pO2 increase were registered. Activation of Na-K-pump had no
      practical effect on expression of hypoxic changes.

PMID- 6835435
TI  - Inhibition of bovine heart adenosine deaminase activity by some pyrimidine
      analogues.
AB  - Some pyrimidine analogues--especially 6-azauridine and 5-azacytidine at a final
      concentration of 1 mmol dm-3--significantly depressed adenosine deaminase
      activity isolated and purified from bovine heart. Both the above mentioned
      azapyrimidine nucleosides were effective competitive inhibitors of this enzyme.
      The inhibitory effect of some clinically used pyrimidine analogues may be of
      importance for explanation of their mechanisms of action on the cell metabolism.

PMID- 6835437
TI  - Transplantability of Bomirski melanomas in Syrian hamsters.

PMID- 6835436
TI  - The cytotoxic action of granaticin, a sulfhydryl-reactive antibiotic, on Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells.

PMID- 6835438
TI  - Multiple tumors in gynecology.
AB  - Two large groups of patients, i.e. 1893 patients treated at the Institute for
      carcinoma cervicis uteri and 1184 patients with Ca corporis uteri were selected
      and evaluated for a follow-up study and statistical processing of tumor duplicity
      of gynecological origin. Double tumor in the group with Ca cervicis uteri was
      found in 88 women, i.e. 4.6%, and in that treated for Ca corporis uteri in 85,
      i.e. 7.2% of the patients. The most frequent combination in the two groups of
      carcinoma is breast cancer amounting to 28.4% in Ca cervicis uteri and to 35.3%
      in Ca corporis uteri. The second most frequent primary carcinoma in Ca cervicis
      uteri is dermal carcinoma--23.9%, and in Ca corporis uteri that of the digestive
      tract--21.1%. A statistical follow-up over 40 years indicates a rise in tumor
      duplicity in both groups of gynecological carcinoma--cervical and endometrial,
      with the number in the former having increased more than twofold.

PMID- 6835439
TI  - Localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in mesenteric lymph nodes of patients
      with gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - Mesenteric lymph nodes obtained at surgery from 36 patients with gastrointestinal
      tract cancer were studied by immunofluorescence for the presence of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Granular deposits of CEA in a homogenous mixture
      with immunoglobulins and complement were detected in the activated germinal
      centers in 12 lymph nodes from 8 investigated cases. Identification of CEA in
      germinal centers was confirmed by blocking and absorbtion procedures. Successful
      elution of immunoglobulins and part of CEA content with a buffer known to
      dissociate antigen-antibody bonds suggested that these deposits represent CEA
      immune complexes.

PMID- 6835440
TI  - Mutagenic effects of nitrofurylacrylic acid on V79 cells under hypoxic
      conditions.
AB  - Induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations was studied in Chinese hamster V79
      cells treated with nitrofurylacrylic acid under aerobic and hypoxic conditions.
      The results obtained demonstrated that the mutagenic activity of this substance,
      less significant in aerobic conditions, was very high under hypoxic conditions. A
      gradual increase in mutation frequencies according to the applied concentrations
      of nitrofurylacrylic acid was observed, the maximal values being at 0.8 mg of the
      substance per 1 ml of growth medium. The mutagenic effects of nitrofurylacrylic
      acid were independent of its cytostatic effect that was higher in aerobic than
      hypoxic conditions. Mutagenic capacity of this substance found in vitro in
      mammalian V79 cells suggests its possible carcinogenic potential in vivo under
      conditions favorable for metabolic activation of this nitrofuran-derived
      compound.

PMID- 6835441
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in the sera of 110
      patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and of 103 normal subjects by polyethylene
      glycol precipitation method. Levels of CIC were significantly elevated in HD
      patients compared to normal subjects with 63% of the patients showing levels
      above 95th percentile of the normal. Patients with symptoms showed significantly
      elevated levels of CIC compared to patients without symptoms. There was a good
      correlation between the levels of CIC and the clinical stages, the former
      increasing from stage I to IV. However, no such correlation was noticed with
      respect to the histological type of the disease. On polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis CIC of normal subjects as well as of HD patients showed a number
      of protein bands. But CIC of HD patients had one additional band with approximate
      molecular weight of 130 000 which was absent in CIC of normal subjects.

PMID- 6835442
TI  - Geographic patterns and trends of liver, biliary tract and pancreas cancer
      mortality in Slovakia.
AB  - The age-adjusted mortality rates and trends of primary liver cancer in Slovakia
      showed during the investigated decade 1968-1977 small reduction in males,
      accompanied with statistically significant decline in females. The slightly
      increasing trends of mortality from the cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic
      bile ducts were not significant while the growing rates and upward trends of
      mortality from pancreatic malignant neoplasms were statistically significant for
      both sexes. Geographic distribution of standardized mortality rates from these
      cancer sites displayed various differences within the districts of Slovakia
      during the whole investigated period. The need for further descriptive and
      analytical studies of these less common cancer sites of the alimentary system
      using more detailed and classified data on incidence and mortality is stressed.

PMID- 6835443
TI  - Tubular reabsorption of glucose in quantifying the relation between blood glucose
      and urinary glucose excretion in diabetic patients.

PMID- 6835444
TI  - Disinfection of gastrointestinal fibre endoscopes. Technical and bacteriological
      aspects, clinical consequences.

PMID- 6835445
TI  - The clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. A study of ambulant patients in
      The Netherlands using Doppler ultrasonography and phlebography.

PMID- 6835448
TI  - Brown tumour in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 6835446
TI  - The use of balloon catheters in the treatment of high-flow bronchopleural
      fistulae complicating mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 6835447
TI  - Parotid gland dysfunction in haemodialysis patients.

PMID- 6835450
TI  - Renal calcium and magnesium handling in water immersion in nephrotic patients.
AB  - The effect of water immersion to the neck on renal calcium and magnesium handling
      was studied in 11 nephrotic patients. There was an increase in the urinary
      excretion of both calcium and magnesium on immersion, and a return towards
      preimmersion control values in the hour following immersion. Clearances of
      calcium and magnesium, and fractional excretion of calcium and of magnesium all
      increased significantly during water immersion, and decreased in the
      postimmersion hour. However, magnesium excretion was 10-50 times greater than
      calcium excretion. Fractional excretion of sodium was highly significantly
      related to fractional excretion of calcium (p less than 0.001) and magnesium (p
      less than 0.001). The relationship between fractional excretion of phosphate and
      fractional excretion of calcium was statistically significant (p less than 0.05),
      as was that between fractional excretion of phosphate and that of magnesium (p
      less than 0.01). Magnesium and calcium fractional excretions were significantly
      correlated (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the increase in calcium and
      magnesium excretion on immersion is likely to be related to the sodium diuresis
      caused by central hypervolemia due to immersion.

PMID- 6835451
TI  - Enzymatic reversibility of nonenzymatic glycosylation of the glomerular basement
      membrane. Is the diabetic glomerulopathy principally reversible?
AB  - Recent investigations point to the nonenzymatic glycosylation as a cause of long
      term complications in diabetes mellitus. We describe an enzymatic activity that
      cleaves glucose from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), present in lysosomal
      preparations of diabetic lymphocytes. The GBM, nonenzymatically glycosylated or
      obtained from rats with diabetes, were incubated with enzyme preparations,
      separated on Sephadex G-25 and applied for glucose measurement on gas
      chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The lysosomal preparation of diabetic
      lymphocytes cleaved from rat GBM, which were nonenzymatically glycosylated 300
      500 ng glucose/mg GBM protein, from diabetic rat GBM 300 ng glucose/mg GBM
      protein. A lysosomal preparation of normal lymphocytes failed to do so,
      indicating enzyme induction in the diabetic state. Control studies with the
      glycosylated hemoglobin AIc confirmed this finding and showed the specificity of
      the enzyme, as alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase failed to cleave the N
      glycosidic bond between glucose and the protein. The enzymatic activity can be
      described formally as a N-l-deoxyfructofuranosyl-glucohydrolase, which could be
      responsible for a potential reversibility of diabetic GBM changes.

PMID- 6835452
TI  - Effect of peritoneal dialysis on plasma levels of ascorbic acid.
AB  - The effect of peritoneal dialysis on plasma ascorbate levels was investigated in
      32 patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. Our studies demonstrated a
      high peritoneal clearance of ascorbic acid resulting in a significant loss into
      the dialysate. The quantity of ascorbic acid lost by patients undergoing
      peritoneal dialysis was proportional to the predialysis ascorbic acid levels.
      Since the ascorbic acid lost from the plasma during peritoneal dialysis is not
      adequately replaced by dietary consumption of vitamin C, patients undergoing
      chronic peritoneal dialysis should receive ascorbic acid supplementation as an
      important part of their therapeutic regimen.

PMID- 6835449
TI  - Intractable heart failure resulting from a giant haemangioma. Case report and
      review of the literature.

PMID- 6835454
TI  - Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis and regular hemodialysis.
AB  - In vitro thyroid function tests were performed on clinically euthyroid patients
      undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD). The mean serum total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3)
      values measured before HD were significantly subnormal. Similarly, CAPD subjects
      had reduced TT3 concentrations with low normal TT4 levels. Free thyroxine
      measurements, estimated by two different methods were aberrant in CAPD patients.
      Low normal reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) values were found in HD, in contrast to
      high normal rT3 levels in CAPD. Thyroid stimulating hormone determinations were
      normal, corresponding with the euthyroid status in both patient groups.

PMID- 6835453
TI  - Estrogen-stimulated neurophysin in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN) was determined by radioimmunoassay in three
      groups of patients with chronic renal failure: predialysis patients, patients on
      hemodialysis and patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ESN
      levels were significantly elevated in all patients. ESN of these patients is
      undistinguishable from highly purified pituitary ESN. Immunological and
      physicochemical analyses of ESN in patients with renal failure suggest that the
      elevated plasma level is due to a failure of renal clearance. In addition,
      heterogeneity of urinary ESN, revealed by multiple immunoreactive peaks after gel
      filtration, indicates altered renal metabolism.

PMID- 6835455
TI  - Spontaneous remission of severe hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The sudden onset of hypocalcemia occurring in a patient undergoing hemodialysis
      led to the diagnosis of spontaneous remission of severe hyperparathyroidism. This
      was confirmed by a marked reduction in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level.
      The hypocalcemia was controlled by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A dramatic
      improvement of hyperparathyroid bone disease, as assessed by radiographic and
      histomorphometric examination, was observed.

PMID- 6835456
TI  - Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis.

PMID- 6835458
TI  - Studies of coagulation and platelet functions in heparin-free hemodialysis.
AB  - Hematologic and coagulation studies were carried out during 12 heparin-free
      hemodialysis in 9 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Treatment employed a C-DAK
      4000 cellulose acetate membrane hemodialyzer. Both hemodialyzer and blood tubing
      were periodically flushed with physiologic saline. No significant clotting of the
      hemodialyzers was encountered in uneventful dialyses. Platelet counts, platelet
      aggregation with ADP and epinephrine, antithrombin III and fibrinogen/fibrin
      degradation products were not significantly changed compared with pre-dialysis
      values. Fibrino-peptide A levels, elevated pre-treatment, demonstrated additional
      rise during dialysis. These findings support clinical experience that this
      anticoagulation-free method can be used safely and effectively to dialyze
      patients at risk for bleeding.

PMID- 6835457
TI  - A hemodialysis orientation unit.
AB  - A separate dialysis unit was created within an existing large dialysis unit for
      the purpose of segregating all new hemodialysis patients into an environment that
      would provide optimum instruction about self-care. An educational curriculum was
      presented to each patient during each dialysis over the first 2 months of
      dialysis. Depending upon medical condition and response to the curriculum,
      patients were transferred either to the home hemodialysis training unit with or
      without a helper, to the limited care facility, or to the general dialysis area
      for medically unstable patients. An orientation unit not only improves patient
      participation in self-care, but appears to increase the number of patients
      interested in dialyzing at home.

PMID- 6835459
TI  - Synergism of dopamine and furosemide in diuretic-resistant, oliguric acute renal
      failure.
AB  - This paper describes our initial clinical findings in a small group of patients
      with acute oliguric renal failure, who were resistant to extracellular volume
      expansion and furosemide in large doses. Based on our experience in an
      experimental model of acute renal failure in the dog, we administered a
      combination of low-dose dopamine (1-3 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) and furosemide (100
      200 mg every 6-8 h). This combination was uniformly effective in inducing a
      brisk, lasting diuresis and was associated with either stable or reduced serum
      creatinine levels in two-thirds of the patients. No toxicity was found. These
      findings would warrant extensive study of this drug combination in a larger, well
      controlled, randomized group with oliguric renal failure.

PMID- 6835460
TI  - Permanent loss of ultrafiltration capacity of the peritoneum in long-term
      peritoneal dialysis: an epidemiological study.
AB  - Permanent loss of the ultrafiltration (UF) capacity of the peritoneum has been
      observed with an increasing frequency among our patients treated by long-term
      intermittent (IPD) and/or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The
      analysis of various characteristics of our PD population (patients age, dialysis
      techniques, peritoneal infection rate and treatment duration) indicates that the
      incidence of this complication increases exponentially with the duration of PD,
      the loss of UF capacity being observed after a shorter period in CAPD than in
      IPD. These observations suggest that long-term irrigation of the peritoneal
      cavity leads to a progressive deterioration of the peritoneum resulting in its
      altered permeability with loss of the ability to ultrafiltrate; the cause of this
      abnormality is as yet unknown.

PMID- 6835461
TI  - Potential causes and pathogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
      disease.
AB  - To evaluate early pathological changes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
      disease (PKD), percutaneous renal biopsy specimens from 14 subjects at risk for
      PKD were analyzed. The subjects represented 5 unrelated families, ranged in age
      from 11 to 26 years and had normal excretory urograms. One additional renal
      tissue specimen was obtained at the time of nephrectomy from a patient with PKD
      and end-stage renal failure. In renal biopsy specimens from 5 subjects, light
      microscopy findings of dilated distal and collecting tubules suggested early
      manifestation of PKD. In 3 of these 5 subjects, PKD was documented 3 years later
      by repeated excretory urography. Polypoid and papillary hyperplasia of tubular
      epithelium was not seen in biopsy specimens but was present in the nephrectomy
      specimen. Electron microscopy revealed splitting of the lamina densa of the
      glomerular capillary basement in the nephrectomy specimen and in two biopsy
      specimens with light microscopic changes of tubular dilatation, from subjects
      with PKD documented 3 years later. In three biopsy specimens without light
      microscopic changes of tubular dilatation from subjects without PKD documented 3
      years later and in the nephrectomy specimen, multilayering of the tubular
      basement membrane was seen on electron microscopy. These data indicate that
      structural abnormalities of the basement membranes may be the primary cause in
      cyst formation in autosomal dominant PKD. Evidence of tubular obstruction was not
      present.

PMID- 6835462
TI  - A longitudinal study of lipid abnormalities in renal failure.

PMID- 6835463
TI  - Redistribution of intrarenal blood flow after carotid artery occlusion in the
      rat.
AB  - As indicated by changes in microsphere distribution in the rat, acute bilateral
      carotid artery occlusion (CAO) was found to cause a small but significant
      increase in outer cortical flow fraction. When renal perfusion pressure was kept
      constant, no redistribution occurred upon CAO. In denervated kidneys the
      redistribution induced by CAO did not differ from that observed in contralateral
      control kidneys. Animals pretreated with prostaglandin inhibitors showed a
      significant redistribution in the 'unprotected' right kidney and a minor increase
      in outer cortical flow fraction in the normotensive kidney. It is concluded that:
      (1) the increase in outer cortical flow fraction induced by CAO in the rat is due
      to an increase in perfusion pressure, and (2) that this redistribution is
      independent of sympathetic vasoconstrictor stimuli, catecholamines and
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 6835466
TI  - Control of hypertension and prolonged survival on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - 52 patients started dialysis in our center prior to 1971. When this study ended
      in December 1980, 8 patients had been lost to follow-up, and 7 had died, none of
      stroke or myocardial infarction. The overall actuarial survival rate was 85% at
      10 years. For all patients treatment consisted of a long (24-30h/week) slow
      hemodialysis on standard Kiil dialysers throughout the 10 years. Good blood
      pressure (BP) control was achieved by a strict maintenance of dry weight alone
      (low salt diet, but no antihypertensive drug), even in 12 patients dialyzing only
      twice a week. This population remained completely free of both myocardial
      infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents. This experience suggests that if BP is
      well controlled, accelerated atherosclerosis is not the inevitable complication
      of long-term hemodialysis. The authors believe that the long, slow dialysis
      technique they use is the key to the good BP control achieved uniformly in this
      series.

PMID- 6835465
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - 17 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were monitored for cardiac arrhythmias
      using ambulatory electrocardiographic recording. Atrioventricular dissociation
      was found in a patient with an elevated serum digoxin concentration,
      intradialytic supraventricular tachycardia had been present in a second patient
      during acute uremic pericarditis prior to the study. Ventricular premature beats
      (VPB) were absent or of low grade (occasional/uniform) in 14 patients and did not
      increase on dialysis. 3 patients had potentially dangerous VPB of higher grades
      (multiform, salvos or R on T) which occurred on or after dialysis in 2. 2 of
      these 3 patients were overdigitalized, and 2 had severe cardiac disease (amyloid,
      old myocardial infarction). Several other risk factors (age, hypertension,
      cardiac hypertrophy, smoking, hyperlipidemia, electrolyte changes) did not seem
      to be of importance for VPB. In these patients on maintenance hemodialysis,
      potentially dangerous VPB were rare and occurred mainly during or after dialysis
      in patients with preexisting heart disease and/or digitalization.

PMID- 6835464
TI  - Blind hemodialysis: an important research tool.

PMID- 6835467
TI  - [Traumatic acute intracerebellar hematoma--with special reference to CT follow-up
      studies].

PMID- 6835468
TI  - [Treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula using a detachable balloon catheter--a
      case report and review].
AB  - A case of post-traumatic carotid cavernous fistula, successfully treated by a
      detachable balloon catheter, is reported. A 55-year-old housewife was admitted to
      the author's department on 25th August, 1980. Three months prior to admission,
      she complained of right tinnitus following a traffic accident and then developed
      right chemosis and exophthalmus. A selective right internal carotid angiography
      revealed rapid filling of the carotid cavernous fistula. Under general
      anesthesia, the patient was treated by the maneuver after Debrun. Since it
      appeared necessary to employ the second balloon, the first one was released
      gently being inflated only with the contrast medium. During the procedure, the
      neck of the balloon was incidentally snapped upward and, then, the fistula was
      eventually occluded preserving the carotid flow as was verified by a control
      angiography. The bruit was abolished immediately after the procedure and all
      ocular symptoms disappeared during the following a few weeks. A skull film showed
      a deflation of the balloon at 4 weeks postoperatively, but clinical and
      angiographic follow-up examinations at 9 months thereafter revealed no signs or
      symptoms of recurrence. This Debrun's procedure is being widely accepted for a
      carotid cavernous fistula as a relatively simpler, safer, and more effective one
      comparing with the conventional methods. Our experiment on dogs, however,
      indicated that rupture of the balloon is not always avoidable even with a smaller
      volume than its maximum capacity and some resistance was felt during introduction
      of the co-axial catheter. Thus, it appeared mandatory to improve and quality
      control the balloon and the catheter. In the case presented here, a follow-up
      angiography showed no recurrence of the fistula except for an asymptomatic pseud
      aneurysmal pouch, even though the balloon was inflated only with the contrast
      medium and was deflated within 4 weeks. These findings suggest possibility of
      successful, and long-lasting outcome without employing silicone.

PMID- 6835469
TI  - [Small vessel anastomosis by laser microsurgery].

PMID- 6835470
TI  - [Intracranial arachnoid cyst and porencephaly of the middle fossa--its clinical
      and neuroradiological study].
AB  - We reported four cases with well demarkated low density area in the middle
      cranial fossa, which was not enhanced with contrast medium and had the same
      absorption coefficient as the CSF. The operations and histological examinations
      revealed that two cases were arachnoid cysts and the others were porencephalic
      cysts. The clinicoradiological differential clues are listed below. 1) The
      porencephaly has intimate relation with focal neurological signs. 2) The thinning
      and bulging of the temporal bone are not a specific finding of an arachnoid cyst.
      Hemicranial atrophy, elevation of minor sphenoid wing and dilatation of paranasal
      sinuses in addition to focal bulging and thinning are indicative of porencephalic
      cyst. 3) Hemiatrophy of the brain and dilatation of the lateral ventricle on CT
      as well as the absorption coefficient of the brain surface facing the cyst are
      important finding of the porencephaly in differentiation. 4) The investigation of
      CSF dynamic is by no means helpful in differentiation between arachnoid cyst and
      porencephaly except intraarachnoid cyst. 5) The horizontal portion of the middle
      cerebral artery is not elevated in both two porencephalic cases. One of them
      showed a slight shift of anterior cerebral artery toward the affected side. An
      obstruction of the vessel is an important finding in porencephaly. 6) The
      electroencephalography can clearly demonstrate a porencephalic cyst as a
      localized slow focus, whereas it is not so remarkable in an arachnoid cyst.

PMID- 6835471
TI  - [Analysis of 223 cases of intracranial aneurysms--with special reference to re
      rupture of the intracranial aneurysms].
AB  - Reviewing 223 cases of intracranial ruptured aneurysms including 46 cases of re
      ruptured aneurysms, the following results were obtained. 1) The outcome of the re
      rupture aneurysms was more miserable than that of the first rupture. Even low
      grade cases (Hunt and Hess 0-II) of re-rupture showed no better outcome than high
      grade cases (Hunt and Hess IV) of first rupture. 2) Re-rupture most often
      occurred on the 12th (11.6 +/- 6.7) day after the first attack of the
      subarachnoid hemorrhage. Re-rupture more often occurred in the vertebrobasilar
      system. In the internal carotid artery and its branches, aneurysms with daughter
      or bleb tended to rupture again. Aneurysms with daughter, regardless of these
      location, showed greater incidence of re-rupture than those without daughter.
      Also rupture often occurred in the cases of lower grade with less vasospasm and
      with the acute hydrocephalus. 3) It was suggested that the sequential changes of
      some factors of both the coagulating system and fibrinolytic system might
      forecast the vasospasm, infarction, re-rupture and prognosis of the patient of
      intracranial ruptured aneurysms. And therefore, in the cases in which re-rupture
      is likely, operation should be performed as early as possible, except in those
      showing diffuse vasospasm or clinical down hill course or in grade V.

PMID- 6835472
TI  - In vitro neurophysiology of identified rat hypothalamic 'neuroendocrine' neurons.
AB  - Stable synaptic and antidromic electrophysiological recordings were obtained for
      10-15 h from identified neurohypophyseal and tuberoinfundibular neurons using an
      acute explant of rat hypothalamus maintained in vitro through perfusion of the
      carotid artery with oxygenated artificial media. Synaptic potentials from
      preoptic and median eminence stimulation were blocked during perfusion with 12 m
      M Mg++-containing solutions. Antidromic and spontaneous action potentials
      recorded in neurohypophyseal neurons were followed by a transient after
      hyperpolarization of 3-10 mV, due primarily to a brief increase in potassium
      conductance. Evidence favoring the existence of a synaptic recurrent inhibitory
      pathway was present in records obtained from tuberoinfundibular neurons, but not
      from neurohypophyseal cells.

PMID- 6835474
TI  - Contrasting actions of amino acids, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and leucine
      enkephalin on the excitability of supraoptic vasopressin-secreting neurons. A
      microiontophoretic study in the rat.

PMID- 6835473
TI  - Gonadotropic and photosensitive abilities of the lobus paraolfactorius:
      electrophysiological study in quail.
AB  - Spontaneous and flash-altered multiunit activity MUA was recorded from the lobus
      paraolfactorius of young male quail reared in either long or short daily
      photoperiods. The birds were subjected to testosterone administration,
      castration, optic nerve section or retroparaolfactory disconnection and compared
      to intact controls. In all experimental and intact quail, iterative flashes led
      to decreased paraolfactory MUA. Spontaneous firing rates were found to be
      significantly higher during the light than during the dark part of the
      photoperiods, indicating some direct effect of environmental lighting on the
      paraolfactory neuronal populations. However, blinded as well as paraolfactory
      disconnected animals failed to exhibit any difference in firing rates according
      to the daily short and long photoperiods as seen in controls, suggesting that the
      light regime might also indirectly influence the paraolfactory activity.

PMID- 6835475
TI  - Central plus peripheral stimulation by androgen is necessary for complete
      restoration of copulatory behavior in the male hamster.
AB  - Male golden hamsters were castrated and received a unilateral intrahypothalamic
      implant of either testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol benzoate (EB). Half
      the animals from each group also received 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) via
      subcutaneous silastic capsule implants. The males were tested in a three-part
      design (intact, castrate, implant) to determine the effectiveness of
      intracerebral alone versus intracerebral plus systemic hormone regimens in
      restoring copulatory behavior following castration. All treatment regimens
      reinstated ectopic and normal mounting behavior to levels comparable to those
      seen in the intact animals. However, only those animals which received DHT
      systemically in addition to intracerebral implantation of TP or EB showed
      intromissions after castration. Both EB and TP groups with systemic DHT had
      intromission levels comparable to the controls by day 14 after implantation. The
      results point to a dual mechanism for the regulation of sexual behavior in the
      male hamster. A central hormone-sensitive mechanism is found in the anterior
      hypothalamic-preoptic region which is necessary for mounting behavior to be
      expressed. Androgen can affect stimulation at this level via conversion
      (aromatization) to estrogen. In addition, a peripheral hormone-sensitive
      mechanism which is necessary for intromission responses depends on the presence
      of nonaromatizable androgen for maintenance of its sensory feedback channels. The
      complete copulatory behavior pattern occurs only when both systems are hormone
      stimulated.

PMID- 6835476
TI  - Gonadal hormone regulation of MAO and other enzymes in hypothalamic areas.
AB  - Activities of type A monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were differentially altered in hormone
      sensitive areas of the preoptic-hypothalamic continuum after administration of
      estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen increased activity of AChE in the bed nucleus
      of the stria terminalis and activity of G6PDH in the periventricular area (PVE)
      of the preoptic area, arcuate-median eminence (Ar-ME) and pituitary. Estrogen
      decreased activity of MAO in the PVE of the anterior hypothalamus, pars lateralis
      of the ventromedial nucleus and in the Ar-ME. Acute administration of
      progesterone (1 h) to estrogen-treated females did not further alter estrogen
      dependent changes in AChE or G6PDH; however, MAO activity in the ventromedial
      nucleus and Ar-ME was rapidly increased after progesterone. Without prior
      estrogen administration, progesterone did not affect MAO activity. Administration
      of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin prior to progesterone did not
      antagonize progesterone-dependent increases in MAO. Progesterone added in vitro
      to homogenates from estrogen-treated but not from untreated females increased MAO
      activity. The hormonal specificity, time course of effects and anatomical
      location of the enzymatic changes suggest that some of them may participate in
      the mediation of gonadal hormone action in the CNS. In particular, changes in MAO
      activity in the ventromedial nucleus and Ar-ME are consistent with reported
      effects of these hormones on monoamine turnover which in turn have been suggested
      to contribute to hormonal regulation of feminine sexual behavior and gonadotropin
      secretion.

PMID- 6835477
TI  - Dopamine creates a physical barrier to inhibit prolactin release in mammotrophs
      of estradiol-primed male rats.
AB  - After finding that ergocristine and somatostatin can cause extensive changes in
      mammotroph ultrastructure within 2 min of administration, we chose dopamine, the
      putative physiological prolactin-inhibiting factor, to correlate ultrastructural
      changes to inhibition of prolactin release. In order to choose a dose of dopamine
      for this study we tested the effects of 2 doses of dopamine (10 and 1,000
      micrograms/kg) on inhibition of prolactin release. The higher dose of dopamine
      (1,000 micrograms/kg) completely inhibited prolactin release immediately (in less
      than 2 min) and maintained complete blockage for a period of 14 min. For the
      ultrastructural study we injected dopamine (1,000 micrograms/kg) in the right
      atrium of conscious free-moving rats through indwelling cannulae, and killed the
      rats by decapitation 2 min after dopamine administration. The following changes
      in mammotrophs were observed after the dopamine treatment: (1) increased numbers
      of secretory granules, (2) peripheral relocation of rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      and (3) increased numbers of 'intracellular bodies' (putative prolactin granule
      disposal system) associated with secretory granules. Because these rapid
      ultrastructural changes have been observed after treatment with three different
      compounds (dopamine, somatostatin and ergocristine), we do not believe that they
      are the unique effect of any one compound but the common denominator of the three
      compounds, i.e., inhibition of prolactin secretion being closely linked to the
      ultrastructural changes. We thus propose that the extensive ultrastructural
      changes that occurred in such a short period of time following dopamine
      administration are the mechanism of inhibition of prolactin release.

PMID- 6835478
TI  - Diplegic cerebral palsy in Swedish term and preterm children. Differences in
      reduced optimality, relations to neurology and pathogenetic factors.
AB  - An unselected series of 93 Swedish diplegic children born in 1969-1976 and
      subgrouped into 49 term (TDC) and 44 preterm (PDC) cases were analyzed for
      differences in reduced optimality in pre- and perinatal conditions, these also
      being related to degree of handicap, associated neurology and conventional
      pathogenetic grouping. Comparisons of the reduced optimality with those of a
      dyskinetic and a control series were also made. TDC were shown to have more
      severe handicaps and more additional neurologic abnormalities than PDC. The
      profile of reduced optimality was weighted in TDC to items pointing to fetal
      maladjustment/deprivation and birth asphyxia and in PDC to items accompanying
      preterm birth and to postpartal items. The optimality of diplegics was in general
      more reduced than in controls and less than in dyskinetics. This was especially
      true for TDC. Differences in the background mechanisms of the diplegia between
      TDC and PDC were indicated from dissimilarities in the combined patterns of
      reduced optimality and conventional pathogenetic grouping. Postpartal
      complications predominated among PDC. A prepartal factor as the only cause of the
      diplegia was likely in 41% of TDC, and as a contributory cause in another 24%.
      Birth asphyxia, present in 31% of the TDC, was never the only risk factor among
      infants born at term.

PMID- 6835479
TI  - Reduced optimality in pre- and perinatal conditions in dyskinetic cerebral palsy-
      distribution and comparison to controls.
AB  - The optimality concept developed by Prechtl was adopted to investigate a series
      of 108 dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) cases. The results were compared to those
      from a control series of 229 newborns. The dyskinetic cases, as compared to the
      controls, had significantly more reduced optimality scores. Reduced optimality
      was especially pronounced in the partum and postpartum periods, but was to a
      highly significant degree also found in the prepartum period. Dystonics and
      choreoathetotics differed in their pattern of reduced optimality. Dystonics had
      more reduced optimality in items related to deficient intrauterine growth, intra-
      and extrauterine asphyxia-choreoathetotics in items related to preterm birth,
      postpartal hypoxia and hyperbilirubinemia. Term cases had more reduced optimality
      scores (median 7 vs 1) compared to term controls than preterm cases compared to
      preterm controls (median 9 vs 4.5). The pattern of reduced optimality in term
      cases corresponded primarily to that among the dystonics, and the pattern in
      preterm cases mainly to that of the choreoathetotics. Prepartum warning signals
      for further partum and postpartum reduced optimality related to the brain cell
      damage, were maternal disorder, blood group incompatibility and leanness at birth
      (weight for length less than or equal to -1.0 SD). The latter condition was found
      to discriminate for reduced optimality in the partum period.

PMID- 6835480
TI  - The management of the comatose child.

PMID- 6835481
TI  - Reduced optimality in pre- and perinatal conditions in a Swedish newborn
      population.
AB  - The optimality concept of Prechtl was adopted for the investigation of a series
      of 229 newborn infants, selected by paired sampling as controls to 116 dyskinetic
      cerebral palsy cases. A list of 34 conditions, subgrouped into 14 prepartum, 10
      partum and 10 postpartum items, was designed and criterias for optimality were
      defined. When a condition fell short of criteria for optimality, the infant
      concerned was given a non-optimal point. The sum of non-optimal points for each
      infant was defined as the reduced optimality score and the proportion of non
      optimal points as the reduced optimality rate. The self-weighting capacity of the
      reduced optimality score system was confirmed. Lack of optimality compared to
      optimality in a particular item was generally related to a significant increase
      of the reduced optimality rates of remaining items. Reduced optimality compared
      to optimality was in the prepartum period significantly more often followed by
      reduced optimality than optimality in the partum and postpartum periods. In
      clinical categories--preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age,
      and combinations of these--a significant increase of the reduced optimality rates
      were found. Outcome in items comparable to vital statistics were all close to the
      expected. The series was considered representative for Swedish children born
      during the period from 1959-70.

PMID- 6835482
TI  - Sinus pauses in early human malnutrition during waking and sleeping.
AB  - 7 malnourished infants were studied before and after nutritional rehabilitation
      through long term polygraphic recordings during waking and sleeping. High amounts
      of sinus pauses (R-R interval comprised between 20 and 90% of the preceding
      interval) have been found in malnourished infants, mainly during quiet sleep.
      After the nutritional rehabilitation there is a dramatic reduction. The high
      amount of sinus pauses in infants suffering from severe malnutrition may reflect
      a disturbance of neurovegetative regulation, which is enhanced by sleep.

PMID- 6835483
TI  - Diagnosis of infantile neuro-axonal dystrophy by conjunctival biopsy.

PMID- 6835484
TI  - Carbachol-methohexitone interactions at the chick neuromuscular junction:
      experiments with the moving fluid electrode technique.
AB  - The moving fluid electrode was used to record simultaneously the depolarization
      and contracture responses produced by drug action. Carbachol (CCh) (5.5 X 10(-6)
      5.5 X 10(-4)M) acetylcholine (ACh) (5.5 X 10(-6)-1.1 X 10(-2) M) produced large
      depolarization and contracture responses in the isolated chick biventer cervicis
      (BVC) muscle. These responses were greatly reduced by methohexitone (8.8 X 10(-5)
      M). The concentration-response curves for ACh and carbachol in the control Krebs
      solution were shifted in the presence of methohexitone to the right in a non
      competitive manner. The present results indicate that both ACh and carbachol act
      postjunctionally by depolarizing the membrane and producing contractures in the
      chick biventer cervicis muscle.

PMID- 6835485
TI  - Spontaneous unit activity in the globus pallidus following cumulative injections
      of morphine in phenobarbital- or chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
AB  - The effect of systemically administered morphine on spontaneous unit activity,
      recorded from the globus pallidus, was evaluated in this study. A wide range of
      doses of morphine was administered in order to characterize the influences of
      morphine on pallidal activity in a dose-related manner. Two separate studies were
      conducted. In the first study, a semichronic preparation, lightly anesthetized
      with phenobarbitol, was used. Acutely prepared, chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats
      were utilized in the second experiment. With phenobarbital, morphine caused a
      significant reduction in pallidal activity in 75% of the cells recorded, whereas
      only 45% of the pallidal cells responded similarly to injection of morphine in
      chloral hydrate-anesthetized animals. However, the dose of morphine required to
      decrease unit activity was substantially less with chloral hydrate than with
      phenobarbital anesthesia.

PMID- 6835486
TI  - Further evidence for a motility substitution test as a tool to detect the
      narcotic character of new drugs in rats.
AB  - Time effects of three doses of codeine, d-propoxyphene, meperidine and
      dextromethorphan upon locomotor activity have been investigated in naive rats as
      well as in animals treated chronically with 20 mg/kg of morphine daily. The first
      three drugs exhibited a motility pattern qualitatively similar to that of
      morphine; in chronically-treated rats cross-tolerance occurred to acute
      depressant effects and cross-sensitization to acute excitatory effects. In the
      case of meperidine however cross-sensitization appeared to be small.
      Dextromethorphan presented effects similar to morphine only in a very large dose.
      The present data, together with those of previous work, demonstrate that a
      locomotor activity substitution test may predict the morphine-like addictive
      properties of a drug.

PMID- 6835487
TI  - Isolation from bovine brain of a novel analgesic pentapeptide, neo-kyotorphin,
      containing the Tyr-Arg (kyotorphin) unit.
AB  - A novel analgesic peptide, isolated from the bovine brain, was found to contain
      the Tyr-Arg (kyotorphin) unit at the C-terminal portion. This peptide, in the
      methanol-soluble fraction, was isolated by gel filtration and cation exchange
      chromatography. This peptide was termed "neo-kyotorphin" and the amino acid
      sequence is Thr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Arg. The synthetically prepared neo-kyotorphin proved
      to have a dose-dependent analgesic effect in mice. The median analgesic dose,
      ED50 of neo-kyotorphin was 195 nmol/mouse (intracisternal injection), with the
      tail pinch test, and the potency was approximately equal that of Leu-enkephalin.

PMID- 6835489
TI  - Estimation of local kinetic parameters of exchange of lithium in various
      substructures of the mouse brain, using the 6Li(n, alpha)3H-nuclear reaction.
AB  - The time-constant of lithium (Li)-clearance from the plasma was of the order of 2
      hr, while the mean time-constant of lithium-clearance from the bulk of the body
      cells into the plasma was about 10 times this value. The mean time-constant of
      lithium ion (Li+)-clearance from various brain substructures (corpus callosum,
      striatum, hippocampus, neocortex) was comparable to the latter (15-25 hr).
      Comparison of samples where either a slight diffusion or no diffusion at all had
      occurred, suggest that between the nerve bodies and the trunks, lithium ions are
      not uniformly distributed.

PMID- 6835488
TI  - Inhibitory effects of brotizolam, a new thienodiazepine, on limbic forebrain and
      neostriatal dopaminergic systems in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Studies were performed to elucidate the effects of brotizolam, a newly
      synthesized thienodiazepine, chemically related to the benzodiazepines, on
      dopamine turnover in the limbic forebrain and neostriatum. Intraperitoneally
      administered brotizolam retarded the rate of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-induced
      depletion of dopamine in the olfactory tubercle (OT), nucleus accumbens (NA) and
      caudate nucleus (CN). Significant retardation was observed with brotizolam in
      doses ranging from 0.1-10 mg/kg in the olfactory tubercle, and from 1-10 mg/kg in
      the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus. These inhibitory effects of brotizolam
      were antagonized by bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, in all of the regions
      examined. Using slices of the olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens and caudate
      nucleus, the effects of brotizolam on dopaminergic nerve terminals were examined
      in vitro. Basal release of dopamine was not affected by brotizolam in
      concentrations up to 10(-6) M; however, K+-stimulated release of dopamine was
      significantly reduced by brotizolam at 10(-7) M or above. The reduction of K+
      stimulated release of dopamine was antagonized by bicuculline, added in the
      superfusion medium. These data suggest that brotizolam inhibits the release of
      dopamine in the limbic forebrain and neostriatal systems probably through
      mechanisms including a facilitation of GABAergic action on dopaminergic nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 6835490
TI  - The effect of the scorpion venom, tityustoxin, on high-affinity choline uptake in
      rat brain cortical slices.
AB  - Tityustoxin (TsTx) inhibited high affinity choline uptake (HAChU) in cortical
      slices of the rat brain. The effect was dependent on the concentration of
      tityustoxin, energy source, incubation time, temperature, and the pH of the
      incubation medium. The inhibitory effect was dependent upon the presence of
      sodium and calcium ions in the incubation medium; barium ions could not replace
      calcium. Both tetrodotoxin and ethyleneglycol-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) blocked
      the inhibitory effect of tityustoxin on high affinity choline uptake. On this
      evidence, it is suggested that the effect of tityustoxin might be related to its
      action on cell depolarization, causing an increase in the release of
      acetylcholine (ACh).

PMID- 6835491
TI  - Opposite actions of muscarinic and nicotinic agents on hippocampal dendritic
      negative fields recorded in rats.
AB  - In rats under urethane anaesthesia, microiontophoretic application of muscarinic
      or nicotinic agents, in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus, enhanced the
      population spike (s) evoked by fimbrial stimulation. In contrast, muscarinic and
      nicotinic agents had an opposite action on on the dendritic field potentials,
      they respectively reduced and enhanced the negative fields (field EPSP) recorded
      in the apical dendrites. These effects were antagonized by muscarinic and
      nicotinic antagonists, respectively.

PMID- 6835492
TI  - The effects of doxapram, diazepam, phenobarbital and pentylenetetrazol on
      suprathreshold and threshold stimulations in amygdaloid kindled rats.
AB  - Amygdaloid kindled rats were utilized to determine the effects of the respiratory
      stimulant, doxapram (7.5-60 mg/kg) on seizures elicited by suprathreshold or
      threshold electrical stimulation. For comparison, a single dose of
      pentylenetetrazol (30 mg/kg), phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) and diazepam (2 mg/kg)
      were also tested in the same paradigm. With suprathreshold stimulation, doxapram
      did not increase the intensity of seizures. Neither the afterdischarge duration
      (AD) nor the behavioral rank (BR) were increased with doses high enough to cause
      systemic signs of toxicity. Similarly, the convulsant pentylenetetrazol did not
      increase AD or BR after suprathreshold stimulation. The anticonvulsants
      phenobarbital and diazepam significantly reduced both AD and BR after
      suprathreshold stimulation. Seizure thresholds tended to be higher after the
      various doses of doxapram with no consistent effect on elicited AD or BR.
      Pentylenetetrazol did not change threshold values, but was found to increase AD
      and BR at threshold. Both phenobarbital and diazepam raised thresholds with a
      significant decrease in elicited AD and BR. It would appear that the respiratory
      stimulant doxapram has little proconvulsant activity in this model of epilepsy.

PMID- 6835493
TI  - Cyclobenzaprine effects on locus coeruleus cells in tissue slice.
AB  - Tissue slices 400 mu thick were taken from the brain stem, at the level of the
      locus coeruleus, of 150-250 g Sprague-Dawley rats. Microelectrodes were placed in
      the locus coeruleus under visual control, and a cell whose discharge rate would
      decrease with microiontophoretic application of norepinephrine or clonidine was
      sought. Cyclobenzaprine (CBZ) was then introduced into the perfusion medium at a
      concentration equivalent to 1 mg/kg body weight of the whole animal. Discharge
      rates before and during CBZ administration were compared. The six cells with
      initial discharge rates between 2 and 10 Hz decreased firing with CBZ, whereas
      the four cells with initial rates between 0.5 and 1.5 Hz increased their rates
      with CBZ.

PMID- 6835494
TI  - The effect of striatal lesions in the chick on haloperidol-potentiated tonic
      immobility.
AB  - The potentiating effects of haloperidol on tonic immobility in chickens were
      reduced in birds given bilateral injections of kainic acid into the
      paleostriatum. Aspiration of tissue above the lamina medullaris dorsalis, which
      includes the neostriatum and hyperstriatum, had no significant effect on
      haloperidol-potentiated tonic immobility. The results support the suggestion that
      the paleostriatum of birds is homologous to the basal ganglia of mammals.

PMID- 6835497
TI  - Large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms: surgical techniques, complications, and
      results.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with giant (greater than 25 mm in diameter) and 9 patients
      with large (15 to 25 mm in diameter) aneurysms of the internal carotid artery in
      the ophthalmic or paraophthalmic region are reviewed. In 23 of these patients the
      aneurysm was clipped directly. There was 1 death in this group, and none of the
      survivors had disabling neurological complications outside the visual system. The
      other 11 patients were treated by a trapping procedure or by either common
      carotid ligation or internal carotid ligation in the neck. Of the 5 patients
      treated by internal carotid ligation preceded by an extracranial to intracranial
      bypass graft, 3 developed embolic complications, which in 1 patient resulted in
      death. One of the 4 patients treated by ligation of the common carotid artery
      died 1 year later from a recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the total group,
      18 patients had visual loss preoperatively as a result of aneurysmal compression;
      in 10 the vision was improved by operation, in 3 it was made worse, and in 2 it
      was unchanged. In another patient the vision continued to deteriorate slowly
      after common carotid occlusion, and the other 2 patients died postoperatively
      before vision could be assessed. The complications in the patients are described
      and analyzed in detail. Maneuvers found to be of value in the direct approach to
      these lesions are described. Of these, exposure of the internal carotid artery in
      the neck for temporary occlusion during clipping and thorough drilling of the
      anterior clinoid process and unroofing of the optic canal were particularly
      helpful. The literature on indirect methods of treatment by carotid occlusion
      with and without bypass graft is reviewed with special reference to the
      complications and effectiveness of each alternative. Based on this review of the
      literature and our experience, a treatment scheme is suggested for these
      aneurysms depending on their mode of presentation.

PMID- 6835495
TI  - Diatrizoate meglumine-induced dilation of rat basilar artery: an in vitro study.

PMID- 6835498
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus after posterior fossa craniotomy: report of four
      additional cases and review of postoperative pneumocephalus.
AB  - Four cases of tension pneumocephalus after either posterior fossa craniotomy or
      translabyrinthine resection of acoustic neuroma with or without nitrous oxide
      anesthesia are described. Three of the operations were performed with the patient
      in the sitting position, and one was done with the patient in the lateral
      position. Of the three cases operated in the sitting position, no nitrous oxide
      was used at any time during anesthesia in one. Two patients failed to regain
      consciousness after the termination of anesthesia, and the other two developed
      the sudden onset of neurological symptoms 1 to 1.5 hours after the operation. In
      all cases computed tomography disclosed a large subdural collection of air. Re
      exploration of the surgical wound or twist drill aspiration of the subdural air
      resulted in prompt recovery of neurological status in three patients, whereas the
      other patient's neurological status improved gradually without any specific
      treatment. The role played by nitrous oxide, the mechanisms by which air enters
      the intracranial space, the contributory factors, and the predisposing surgical
      conditions of tension pneumocephalus are reviewed and discussed. Dependent
      drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, especially in a patient with coexisting
      hydrocephalus, seems to be the most important factor for the development of this
      complication.

PMID- 6835499
TI  - Early operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: comparative study with
      computed tomography.
AB  - The relationship between the results of early operation for ruptured intracranial
      aneurysms (72 cases) and the preoperative computed tomographic (CT) findings was
      studied. There was a correlation among the surgical results, the development of
      symptomatic vasospasm, and high density on the preoperative CT scan, particularly
      the presence of a localized, thick layer in the subarachnoid space. However, no
      relationship was found between the occurrence of ventricular enlargement and the
      preoperative CT findings. Cisternal or ventricular drainage might contribute to
      an uncomplicated postoperative course for patients with severe subarachnoid clot
      shown on the preoperative CT scan.

PMID- 6835496
TI  - Penetration of nafcillin, methicillin, and cefazolin into human brain tissue.
AB  - To determine the penetration of the antistaphylococcal antibiotics, nafcillin,
      methicillin, and cefazolin, into brain tissue, we gave to each of 27 patients
      undergoing craniotomy and brain biopsy one of the antibiotics in a 2-g
      intravenous infusion just before operation. At the time of brain tissue removal
      (30 to 225 minutes after the start of the infusion), a serum specimen was
      obtained, and tissue and serum were assayed for antibiotic concentration. Eleven
      of 13 brain specimens contained detectable nafcillin concentrations between 0.36
      and 11 micrograms/g of tissue (mean, 2.7 micrograms/g for all 13 specimens).
      Fourteen of 18 brain tissue specimens contained detectable methicillin
      concentrations between 0.56 and 5.0 micrograms/g of tissue (mean, 2.0
      micrograms/g for all 18 specimens). Ten of 11 brain tissue specimens contained
      detectable cefazolin concentrations between 2.0 and 40 micrograms/g of tissue
      (mean, 10.6 micrograms/g for all 11 specimens). Each antibiotic penetrated
      "abnormal" brain tissue better than "relatively normal" brain tissue. Because
      nafcillin is more active against Staphylococcus aureus, we conclude that
      nafcillin is preferable to methicillin for the therapy of central nervous system
      staphylococcal infections. Cefazolin achieves higher brain tissue concentrations
      than the penicillins, but has not been clinically evaluated for the therapy of
      central nervous system infections.

PMID- 6835500
TI  - Gastric secretory and mucosal injury response to severe head trauma.
AB  - The problem of gastric secretory and mucosal injury response was evaluated in 19
      patients who had suffered a severe head injury. Fifteen of 19 patients had some
      evidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In 7 cases, this was marked. The mean
      volume of gastric secretions ranged from 36.4 ml/hour on Day 1 to 47.6 ml/hour on
      Day 6. The mean value of titratable acidity ranged from 3.4 meq/hour on Day 1 to
      3.9 meq/hour on Day 6. Possible risk factors were analyzed as a means of
      predicting specific subgroups of severely injured patients who would be more
      prone to have gastrointestinal complications. During the first 6 days after
      injury, there was no significant association (correlation coefficient not
      significant at the 0.05 level of significance) of the presence of an intracranial
      mass lesion, elevated intracranial pressure, brain stem dysfunction or prior
      episodes of hypotension or hypoxia, sepsis, shock, or the requirement for pressor
      agents with elevated gastric acid output, mucosal erosion, or hemorrhage. Because
      no specific risk factor or factors could be identified, all severely brain
      injured patients should be on some form of therapy for the prevention of
      gastrointestinal complications.

PMID- 6835501
TI  - Computed tomographic, myelographic, and operative findings in patients with
      suspected herniated lumbar discs.
AB  - Fifty patients presenting with a suspected herniated lumbar intervertebral disc
      were evaluated with sector computed tomography (CT). Excluded from this series
      were patients with prior lumbar laminectomy or a clinical diagnosis of lumbar
      canal stenosis. Forty-six of the patients also underwent preoperative lumbar
      myelography. All patients subsequently underwent laminectomy. In 40 patients
      (80%), CT was positive. In the remaining 10 patients (20%), it was negative; in
      this group the myelogram correctly predicted the lesion in 8 (80%). Sector CT
      correctly predicted the nature of the lesion in 24 patients (48%), was incorrect
      in 14 (28%), and gave incomplete findings in 12 (24%). CT was most accurate when
      it demonstrated a disc protrusion as the only finding. In this group, sector CT
      correctly predicted the operative findings in 24 of 25 patients (96%). CT was
      less accurate when spondylitic compression was diagnosed. This study suggests
      that sector CT is a useful test in the evaluation of patients with sciatica and
      that, when a soft herniated disc is demonstrated on CT, myelography may be
      omitted.

PMID- 6835502
TI  - Cavernomas of the brain.
AB  - Our clinical and surgical experience with 16 cases of cavernous hemangioma
      (cavernoma) of the brain is presented. In 50% of the cases, symptoms appeared
      during the 3rd decade of life. The clinical picture included seizures in 50% of
      the cases and a brain tumor-like syndrome in 37.5%, and 12.5% of the cases began
      with an intracerebral hemorrhage. In our series females predominated over males
      by 2:1. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning is the best procedure for the
      diagnosis of cavernomas. However, exact preoperative diagnosis of these lesions
      is infrequent because cavernomas are generally accepted to be very rare. A
      slightly hyperdense nodule, poorly enhanced after contrast administration, is the
      prominent feature on the CT scan. A small, hypodense zone surrounding the lesion
      and calcifications within the nodule are also found. An excellent result after
      operation was obtained in all cases of cavernoma located in the brain
      hemispheres. In deeply placed cavernomas (basal ganglia or brain stem), the
      surgical prognosis is doubtful, and features such as the size of the lesion and
      its anatomical location are important.

PMID- 6835504
TI  - Familial intracranial aneurysms, with two occurring at the distal anterior
      cerebral artery.
AB  - Familial aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery are a neurosurgical
      rarity. We report a family with four of its members (a mother and three sons)
      suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured aneurysms, two of
      them being of the distal anterior cerebral artery. There was no evidence of
      endocarditis, septic emboli, coarctation of the aorta, or trauma. There was no
      family history of Marfan's syndrome, polycystic kidney, or hereditary connective
      tissue disorder. We believe that there has been no report in the neurosurgical
      literature of familial cases of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms.

PMID- 6835505
TI  - Choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle: case report and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 6835503
TI  - Traumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without neurological deficit: case
      report.
AB  - A case is presented in which a patient sustained a closed head injury with
      subsequent acute subdural hematoma and delayed posterior dislocation of the atlas
      without fracture of the odontoid process and with an intact C-1 arch. The
      subdural hematoma was treated operatively. The atlas dislocation was managed with
      closed reduction without manipulation and subsequent posterior fusion of C-1, C
      2, and C-3. The patient was intact neurologically on admission and remained so
      throughout his hospitalization.

PMID- 6835506
TI  - Proposed operation for occipital neuralgia: C-2 and C-3 root decompression. Case
      report.
AB  - The common association of occipital neuralgia with post-traumatic cervical
      arthritis raises the question of whether some cases of occipital neuralgia are
      due to delayed C-2 or C-3 root entrapment. This hypothesis led to surgical
      exploration of the C-3 and C-2 roots in a young patient with post-traumatic
      arthritic occipital neuralgia. The abnormal operative findings and resolution of
      the neuralgia after C-3 foraminal and C-2 fascial root decompression lead to the
      tentative proposal that some cases of occipital neuralgia represent a root
      entrapment syndrome amenable to neurosurgical decompression.

PMID- 6835508
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the posterior fossa: case report.

PMID- 6835507
TI  - Real-time ultrasonography: a useful tool in the evaluation of the craniectomized,
      brain-injured patient.
AB  - Real-time ultrasonography is being used increasingly to establish the diagnosis
      of and serially assess intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates.
      The procedure requires an open fontanel because scatter from the bone occurs from
      direct application of the transducer to the skull and bone density precludes
      satisfactory imaging. With an adult, under circumstances where a bone flap is
      left out after intracranial procedures and the patient's clinical status is such
      that the patient cannot be transferred for computed tomographic scanning, real
      time ultrasonography allows a safe, noninvasive, bedside demonstration of
      ventricular size, degree of shift of midline structures, and intraparenchymal and
      intraventricular lesions.

PMID- 6835509
TI  - Neurosurgical research information.

PMID- 6835510
TI  - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Ghana.

PMID- 6835511
TI  - The use of dimethyl sulfoxide to reversibly open the blood-brain barrier to
      protein.

PMID- 6835513
TI  - CT and plain X-ray examination of the skull in pure traumatic laceration of the
      brain.
AB  - The authors reviewed a series of 68 brain lacerations. Patients with associated
      subdural hematomas and/or depressed skull fracture were excluded from this study.
      The material has been divided in three groups: mainly hypodense, mainly
      hyperdense and mixed lesions. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to the
      various features of parenchymal lesions: CT aspect, mass effect and site. The
      presence of a considerable amount of blood suggests an unfavourable prognosis
      while the site and the mass effect do not seem to influence the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 6835512
TI  - Computed tomographic-arteriographic correlates in acute basal ganglionic
      infarction of childhood.

PMID- 6835515
TI  - CT findings in symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts of the pituitary gland. Report of
      three cases.

PMID- 6835516
TI  - Dense suprasellar epidermoid cyst. A case report.
AB  - A case of a dense epidermoid cyst of the suprasellar cistern is presented. The
      clinical symptoms were headache radiating to the left eye and a quadrant anopsia
      on the left eye. The density of the epidermoid was 62 HU and no significant
      contrast enhancement occurred after contrast application. The main feature which
      allows differentiation from other hyperdense suprasellar lesions seems to be the
      lack of contrast enhancement.

PMID- 6835514
TI  - High resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of cervical disc disease.
AB  - In this study, the authors evaluate the importance of computed tomography (CT) in
      15 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervical disc disease. In nine
      operated on by an anterior approach, all CT examinations were interpreted as
      positive for disc herniation and correlated precisely with surgical observations.
      CT demonstrated protrusion of the disc, centrally in four and posterolaterally in
      five in all of whom disc material was found posterior to the vertebral body. Of
      six who underwent laminectomy, either thickening or calcification of the
      ligamentum flavum was demonstrated by CT and confirmed at surgery in five. Vacuum
      phenomenon in the intervertebral space and hypertrophy of the intervertebral
      joint were not infrequently associated. CT can exactly delineate cervical disc
      lesions and associated pathological changes.

PMID- 6835517
TI  - Arterial spasm as a finding intimately associated with the onset of vascular
      headache. A case report.

PMID- 6835518
TI  - Cerebral angiographic changes on serial examination of a patient with migraine.
AB  - Curious cerebral angiographic changes are described in a 27-year-old female
      migraine patient. During the period of observation of this patient, both the
      intracranial carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar artery systems presented
      unusual and fascinating cerebral arteriographic pictures. In an attack of
      migraine, angiography showed that all the intracranial secondary and tertiary
      branches of the carotid arterial system were dilated without showing any changes
      in the extracranial arteries and when the migraine attack had subsided, all
      branches of the carotid arteries as well as the vertebrobasilar arteries
      demonstrated abnormal segmental narrowings or vasospasm. These sequential
      angiographic changes have not been hitherto reported in migraine.

PMID- 6835519
TI  - Computed tomography for diagnosis and assessment of cerebral fat embolism.
AB  - A patient with cerebral fat embolism was followed by computed tomography (CT).
      For the first few days after injury, CT revealed no abnormality. About a week
      later, multiple low density areas appeared in the white matter of the frontal
      region. They disappeared within the subsequent 2 weeks while subdural effusions
      developed in the fronto-parieto-temporal regions. As neurologic recovery
      progressed, the subdural effusions gradually diminished and cerebral atrophy was
      seen.

PMID- 6835520
TI  - Lung metastasis of a meningioma.
AB  - Case report of a 35-year-old male patient. 1976: operation for a falx-meningioma.
      1981: meningioma recurrence and further intracranial meningiomas. HISTOLOGY: 1976
      and 1981 endotheliomatous meningioma: no signs of malignancy. Prior to the 2nd
      operation in 1981 a lung tumor was diagnosed for the first time. HISTOLOGY of the
      lung tumor: endotheliomatous meningioma, same histology as in cerebral
      meningiomas.

PMID- 6835521
TI  - The 97-kD alpha-actinin-like protein in chromaffin granule membranes from adrenal
      medulla: evidence for localization on the cytoplasmic surface and for binding to
      actin filaments.

PMID- 6835522
TI  - Topographic reorganization of somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in adult
      monkeys following restricted deafferentation.
AB  - Two to nine months after the median nerve was transected and ligated in adult owl
      and squirrel monkeys, the cortical sectors representing it within skin surface
      representations in Areas 3b and 1 were completely occupied by 'new' and expanded
      representations of surrounding skin fields. Some occupying representations were
      'new' in the sense that (1) there was no evidence that these skin surfaces were
      represented in this region prior to median nerve transection; and (2) these skin
      surfaces retained their normal representation elsewhere within these two cortical
      representations of hand surfaces. Large 'new' representations of the dorsal
      surfaces of digits 1 and 2 (innervated by the radial nerve) and large 'new'
      representations of the hypothenar eminence (innervated by the ulnar nerve) were
      consistently recorded. Some surrounding skin surface representations expanded
      into the former median nerve zone, so that bordering skin surfaces (the ulnar
      insular palmar pad, the third digital palmar pad, glabrous ulnar digit 3, radial
      hand dorsum) were represented over far larger than normal cortical areas. These
      expanded representations of always-innervated skin sometimes appeared to move in
      entirety into the former median nerve representational zone (e.g. in the zone of
      representation of glabrous digit 4) were also consistently recorded.
      Reorganizational changes following median nerve sections were much more variable
      in Area 1 than in Area 3b. The topographic order of the reorganized cortical zone
      was comparable to normal. In at least most cortical sectors, there was a
      consistent, maintained relationship between receptive field size and
      magnification, i.e. as representations enlarged, receptive fields were
      correspondingly reduced in size. These studies indicate that topographic
      representations of the skin surface in adult monkeys are maintained dynamically.
      They clearly reveal that this projection system retains a self-organizing
      capacity in adult monkeys. They suggest that processes perhaps identical to a
      part of the original developmental organizing processes (by which details of
      field topographics are established) are operational throughout life in this
      projection system in primates. Some of the implications of these studies for the
      neural origins of tactile perception are discussed.

PMID- 6835524
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of trazodone in humans. Study of 10 patients].

PMID- 6835525
TI  - [Protection against ischemic renal damage in surgery of the aorta].

PMID- 6835523
TI  - Auditory cortical field projections to the basal ganglia of the cat.
AB  - Projections to the basal ganglia from four auditory cortical fields in the cat
      were studied by combining microelectrode-mapping of the neurons' best frequencies
      with autoradiographic and histochemical tract-tracing techniques. Each auditory
      field is a source of projections to the homolateral basal ganglia. The
      distribution of labeling within the basal ganglia is related to the cortical
      field in which the injection site is located. The dorsal portion of the putamen
      and adjacent caudate nucleus are connected with cortical fields situated
      anteriorly and dorsally, while the ventral portion of the putamen and adjacent
      lateral amygdaloid nucleus are related to auditory fields situated posteriorly
      and ventrally. Injections of two different tracers into different best-frequency
      loci of one cortical field provided evidence that low best-frequency neurons
      project medially within the basal ganglia while high best-frequency neurons
      project more laterally. We concluded that there was a basic similarity among
      patterns of terminations in the basal ganglia from axons that originate in
      different auditory cortical fields. When the source of a projection was confined
      to a restricted portion of an auditory cortical field, labeling appeared as dense
      patches of silver grains separated from each other by areas of less dense
      labeling. Often, these patches were distributed within a sheet of tissue,
      elongated both dorsoventrally and anteroposteriorly. Loci having the same best
      frequency representation, but situated in different auditory cortical fields,
      project upon overlapping but not coextensive portions of a single sheet of
      tissue. Thus the projections from geographically distant cortical loci possessing
      similar best-frequency representations are notably distinguished on a topographic
      basis. By comparison, two adjacent sheets of tissue were labeled when two
      injections were made into the low best-frequency and high best-frequency
      representations of the same auditory field. Double-injection, double-tracer
      experiments revealed that adjacent sheets of tissue received projections from
      different best-frequency loci. These observations suggested a degree of tonotopic
      organization to this projection system which was equipoise to the evidence
      obtained for a topographic organization.

PMID- 6835526
TI  - [Study of temperature changes of the blood in various phases of subrenal aortic
      surgery and of the existing relations between hypothermia and metabolic and
      hemodynamic changes].

PMID- 6835527
TI  - [Study of plasma expansion with polymerized gelatin in acute hypovolemia in
      aortic surgery].

PMID- 6835528
TI  - [Current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 6835529
TI  - [Combined surgery of the coronary and peripheral arteries].

PMID- 6835530
TI  - [Embolization of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in high-risk patients].

PMID- 6835532
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a new endoluminal tubular prosthesis in the surgical
      treatment of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta].

PMID- 6835531
TI  - [Surgical correction of aneurysms of the ascending aorta].

PMID- 6835533
TI  - [Non-dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Surgical results in 30 cases].

PMID- 6835536
TI  - [Anesthesia and intensive therapy in surgery of the thoracic aorta].

PMID- 6835534
TI  - [2 cases of paraplegia appearing after an aorto-bis-iliac termino-terminal
      graft].

PMID- 6835535
TI  - [Infections of aortic prostheses].

PMID- 6835537
TI  - [The cervical and sternotomic approach to the non-neoplastic thymus in
      myasthenia. Comparison based on long-term results].

PMID- 6835538
TI  - [Prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy. Surgical technic].

PMID- 6835539
TI  - [Postoperative pulmonary thromboembolism. Observations on 202 autopsy cases].

PMID- 6835541
TI  - [Gastric endoscopy in the dynamic evaluation of the causes of persistent
      inflammation of the gastric stump].

PMID- 6835540
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of choledocho-duodenal fistulas].

PMID- 6835542
TI  - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Experience in 216 cases].

PMID- 6835543
TI  - [Perforation of the small intestine secondary to metastasis of pulmonary
      carcinoma].

PMID- 6835544
TI  - [Rupture of the left main bronchus caused by intubation. Clinical case].

PMID- 6835545
TI  - [Hyperuricemia in essential hypertension. Considerations on some pathogenic
      aspects].
AB  - Hyperuricaemia was encountered in 29% of 55 subjects with essential hypertension,
      who had not been treated with anti-hypertensive drugs, as against a 10% incidence
      in a group with normal blood pressure. No relationship between hyperuricaemia and
      level of hypertension was found. The normal glomerular filtration, the frequent
      reduction in uric acid clearance and its correlation with uricaemia are held to
      be indicative of a tubular defect in the excretion of uric acid, as a cause of
      hyperuricaemia. The reduction in renal plasma flow and its significant
      correlation with uricaemia and uric acid clearance are considered probable causes
      of reduced renal excretion. In conclusion it is hypothesised that hypertension
      triggers renal haemodynamic disturbances and hence hyperuricaemia.

PMID- 6835546
TI  - [Using a structural alternative (non-medical) in the "capillary" screening of
      arterial hypertension in a community. Means of intervention and evaluation in
      preventive cardiology].
AB  - A "Community Control Programme of Hypertension" has been implemented in a
      Northern Italian population as part of an international co-operative pilot
      project promoted by World Health Organization. The programme was planned to last
      five years. Three years after the start we performed what we called a "capillary"
      screening in the community involved in the project. In fact a team of physicians
      and medical students moved about in the villages of the area where extemporary
      ambulances were set up with the aim of identifying new hypertensives, evaluating
      the state of the control of hypertension as compared with the situation at the
      outset of the study and, more generally, as a means of strengthening the ties
      between the project organization and the community. In doing so we also evaluated
      the feasibility of an alternative approach, based upon the cooperation with an
      organization outside the health service system, namely the Catholic Church, to
      achieve the set aims in a very religious population as ours. The parish priests
      of the villages did eagerly cooperate with our work both in the form of
      propaganda and in making available the parish buildings in which the ambulances
      were set up. We examined 1306 subjects (47.3% males), of whom 39.5% were
      hypertensives ("casual" blood pressure at or above 160 or 95 or treated). Of all
      the hypertensives, 28.6% were new hypertensives ("unaware"), 45.3% were being
      treated and 13.7% had a blood pressure lower than 160/95 mmHg while under
      treatment "effectively treated"); 16%, though, had blood pressure values at or
      above 200 or 120 mmHg. The state of control of hypertension was better in women
      and with increasing age. As compared with the findings at the outset of the
      study, 27,6% more "aware", 23.9% more treated and 9.6% more "effectively treated"
      hypertensives were found. Using the support of an alternative (non-medical)
      organization in a programme of preventive medicine in the community has proved to
      be, in our experience, a feasible, valuable and very cheap approach.

PMID- 6835547
TI  - [Bromocryptin].

PMID- 6835549
TI  - [Familial alpha lipoprotein deficiency. Tangier disease, familial
      hypoalphalipoproteinemia and familial deficiency of lecithin cholesterol
      acyltransferase deficiency].
AB  - The plasma lipoproteins are a group of macromolecules all of which transport
      lipids, including cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, and all of which
      have one or more protein constituents, called apoproteins. It is becoming
      apparent that the apoproteins play an important role in lipoprotein metabolism.
      Recently the so called "alpha hypothesis" has been proposed, according to which a
      protective role for HDL in atherosclerosis has been postulated. Three
      "experiments of nature", characterized by deficiencies of HDL as genetic
      disorders, namely Tangier disease, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, familial
      lecithin: cholesterol acetyltransferase deficiency, support the "alpha
      hypothesis". The first italian cases with the genetic disorders are presented.

PMID- 6835548
TI  - [Renal tubular acidosis].

PMID- 6835550
TI  - [Endoscopic and bioptic diagnosis of primary gastric lymphomas: 33 personal
      cases].
AB  - The Authors have diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy 33 primitive gastric lymphomas
      (6,7% of all malignant gastric tumors diagnosed over 6 years). Endoscopic
      observation alone diagnosed lymphoma in 63,6% of the cases. Exact diagnosis was
      made in all cases of polymorphic or multi-ulcerated lesions. The observation of a
      single ulcerated or ulcero-vegetative lesion (30,3%) suggested diagnosis of
      carcinoma. A false negative diagnosis of inflammatory pathology was made in 6,1%
      of the cases. Biopsy gave correct diagnosis in 69,7%. Highest percentage of
      positive biopsies was obtained in both single and multiple ulcerated lesions
      (88,2%), while infiltrating lesions provided positive biopsies in 50% of the
      cases. Endoscopy together with biopsy gave correct diagnosis in 90,9%. In fact,
      endoscopic diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed after resection in 7 cases even if
      the individual biopsies showed superficial gastritis. The Authors believe that
      correct endoscopic study of primitive gastric lymphomas is based on knowledge of
      the various morphologies of the tumor and on a systematic performance of a large
      number of biopsies of both the lesions and surrounding mucosa.

PMID- 6835551
TI  - [Echotomography in polycystic renal disease].
AB  - Sonography is a safe and suitable diagnostic tool; to date it appears to be the
      most valuable method for detecting renal cystic lesions. In particular ultrasound
      examination, if a wider district is screened, can demonstrate the coexistence of
      the cystic disease in different organs. The Authors report a case of renal
      polycyctic disease in which the sonographic examination was extended to the
      entire abdomen disclosing simultaneous involvement of the kidneys and the liver.

PMID- 6835553
TI  - [Use of the glycosylated hemoglobin test in outpatient practice].
AB  - Haemoglobin glycosilate was evaluated using the bio-rad method in 129 diabetics
      during their periodic visits to outpatient departments. A significant correlation
      between this test and metabolic compensation was revealed in confirmation of
      results reported in most research so far carried out. The advantages of using
      this test in outpatients departments is also emphasised.

PMID- 6835552
TI  - [Changes in thyroid hormone metabolism in subjects with liver cirrhosis].
AB  - The behaviour of the serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3' tri-iodothyronine
      (T3), TSH and of the free binding sites of the thyroid hormones binding globulins
      in 23 patients affected by hepatic cirrhosis, is described in function of the
      severity of the disease. The values obtained have been statistically compared to
      those of a group of 14 healthy subjects. A decrease of the serum levels of T3
      directly related to the severity of the disease has been remarked in the
      cirrhotic patients, while no significant differences in the serum levels of T4
      and TSH and in the number of free binding sites on the thyroid hormones binding
      globulins have been noted between the two groups.

PMID- 6835554
TI  - [Problems of pulmonary pathology in drug addicts].
AB  - The hospitalisation of a group of drug addicts with pulmonary diseases leads to
      an examination of the relationship between drug addiction and
      bronchopneumopathies in the light of experience and reported data. After a brief
      examination of cases, the most frequently observed forms of bronchopulmonary
      disease are reviewed together with differences in the clinical course of the
      diseases in drug-addicted and other patients.

PMID- 6835556
TI  - [The yellow nail syndrome. Case contribution].

PMID- 6835557
TI  - [Advances in antibiotic therapy. 14) Fosfomycin].

PMID- 6835555
TI  - [Alcoholism and the hospital. The treatment of alcoholism in a general medicine
      department].
AB  - Starting from the premise that a period in a General Hospital is an opportunity
      to cure the alcoholic, a treatment of alcohol dependence was undertaken during
      normal working hours based on the principles of social psychiatry and group
      therapy adapted for use in a General Hospital. The data on 71 alcoholics over a
      maximum period of eleven months are described. Relapses vary according to groups,
      which in their turn reflect the different degrees of problem involved. The total
      percentage of cures was 56%. The results were satisfactory especially when the
      type of treatment, cost-free and employing little time, is considered. A similar
      experiment in other hospitals in the area might offer effective cure and
      prevention of alcoholism in the Region.

PMID- 6835558
TI  - [Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the follow-up of patients with
      inoperable lung cancer undergoing polychemotherapy].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with surgically incurable lung cancer undergoing systemic
      chemotherapy have been studied with serial determinations of CEA levels during
      their therapy. The changes of CEA levels in each patients showed that the assay
      may be useful to evaluate the effects of therapy. The purpose of this preliminary
      study is to explore the possibility that CEA assay may be a useful guide to the
      subsequent clinical response of the patient to the drug.

PMID- 6835559
TI  - [Use of local cryotherapy in the treatment of humeral epichondylitis].
AB  - The efficacy of cryotherapy, following the use of an ice bag, is evaluated in 21
      patients of both sexes suffering from epicondilitis of the humerus. This
      treatment improved the clinical syndrome (pain and functional limitation) in 67%
      of the patients. Good results (4 cases - 19%) and negative results (3 cases -
      14%) were also found, with the possibility of a relapse in the latter group.

PMID- 6835560
TI  - [Use of calcitonin in neoplastic osteolysis].
AB  - Forty patients with various neoplasias and radiological and scintigraphic
      evidence of multiple osteolytic lesions were studied between March 1979 and
      December 1981 at the Savona Oncology Service. All of them were treated with chemo
      and/or hormone therapy, plus 100 UMRC salmon calcitonin a day for 20 days a month
      until a clinical improvement was observed. The parameters for evaluation were:
      radiography and scintigraphy of the skeletal segment involved, blood calcium,
      alkaline phosphatase, intensity of pain, and restriction of function. An
      assessment was made before and after calcitonin management. Blood calcium fell in
      all cases even in the range of those initially normal. Alkaline phosphatase
      decreased in 83.3% and pain disappeared or was less severe in 87.50%. Good
      results were also observed with regard to restriction of function. Good
      recalcification of some osteolytic lesions was noted in 7 cases (17.5%).
      Calcitonin thus proved effective in the correction or prevention of damage caused
      by hypercalcaemia, and was particularly useful in the reduction of pain and
      functional damage. Its analgesic effect often appeared at an early stage.

PMID- 6835562
TI  - [Environmental and occupational factors in skin carcinogenesis. Indications for
      therapy and prevention].
AB  - The authors review the environmental and occupational factors in cutaneous
      cancerogenesis, group them according to their characteristics, and in particular
      distinguish between factors of physical and chemical nature. The authors also
      discuss the influence of predisposing factors related to the somatic makeup
      (xeroderma pigmentosus) and to work environment. Particular emphasis is given to
      skin precancerous and therefore to the importance of a mass screening and an
      effective health education. The authors illustrate the disorder with their
      clinical pictures.

PMID- 6835563
TI  - [Use of digitalis in geriatrics: is it effective on the heart in sinus rhythm?].
AB  - The therapeutic activity of digitalis in cardiac failure is linked to its
      positive inotropic effect on the myocardium and its ability to control cardiac
      activity in atrial fibrillation. Chronic stimulation with digoxin in aged
      subjects with sinus rhythm, however, is of debatable utility Reference is made to
      a series of 35 subjects (mean age 76.5 yr) in sinus rhythm, 30 of whom had been
      taking digoxin for over 3 yr. Clinical and instrumental parameters were assessed
      and heart function was classified according to the NYHA arrangement. Subjects
      were randomly placed in two groups matched for sex, age and cardiac condition.
      The first group received digoxin, the second a placebo. No significant
      differences between the two groups were noted over a 3-month period. In keeping
      with the recent literature, it is felt that digitalis is not necessary for the
      dynamic cardiac control of aged subjects in sinus rhythm. In addition, it is
      suggested that hydrosaline retention in such subjects can be controlled by
      restriction of salt intake, rest and diuretics.

PMID- 6835564
TI  - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 15) A combination of fosfomycin and amoxicillin
      (penamic cofosfolactamine)].

PMID- 6835561
TI  - [New long-acting treatment of anxiety and its different forms of somatization:
      low-dose fluspirilene].
AB  - After pharmacological considerations on fluspirilene, a diphenylbutylpiperidinic
      neuroleptic with a tranquillizing action in neurotic syndromes, the Authors refer
      on 24 patients with a normal social behaviour treated with low dosage. I.M.
      weekly dosages of 1.5 mg have been used for 6 weeks with semi-quantitative
      evaluation of 1-5 psychic items, 10 neurovegetative items and 36 miscellaneous. A
      significant improvement was obtained for nearly all symptoms and did not cause
      variations in bodyweight, pressure values and pulse frequency or local or
      systemic intolerance. Positive results reached 77.3% of treated cases, in
      agreement with those reported by numerous foreign Authors.

PMID- 6835565
TI  - [Cryogenic treatment of rectal tumors].
AB  - 10 patients with anal or rectal cancers were given liquid nitrogen cryogenic
      treatment. In 5 cases the treatment was given prior to abdominoperineal
      amputation of the rectum. The remaining 5 inoperable cases were given the
      cryogenic treatment alone, followed, in 3 cases by derivative colostomy.
      Histological reports on the removed tissues, carried out at different times after
      the cryogenic treatment, showed the effects of the treatment on the neoplasias
      and the surrounding tissues and showed the histological equivalent of possible
      local immunological processes. The thrombosis in the surrounding blood vessels
      appears to indicate the efficacity of cryogenic therapy in preventing the
      metastasis of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 6835566
TI  - [Cimetidine in the treatment of peptic esophagitis. Clinical findings and results
      with 171 patients].
AB  - After a brief physiopathological introduction, the results obtained with
      Cimetidine in 171 cases of peptic oesophagitis are described. Given the high
      percentage of successes even in serious oesophagitis and the minimal incidence of
      side effects, cimetidine is the therapy of choice in conservative treatment of
      peptic oesophagitis.

PMID- 6835567
TI  - [Evaluation of blood ferritin in sideropenic anemia and its modifications in the
      course of divided-dose parenteral iron therapy].
AB  - Changes in blood ferritin during divided dose parenteral iron therapy and the
      importance of ferritin evaluation in iron-deficiency anaemia were investigated in
      20 women and 10 men with this diagnosis through withdrawals before and after
      treatment. In 6 subjects, blood ferritin values enabled the presence of iron
      deficiency to be ruled out, since they were high at the first control (in
      agreement with the histological examination of the marrow in the search for iron
      deposits). In sideropenic males, the difference between values at the time of
      diagnosis and those of normal controls was significant (p less than 0.001). The
      absence of this finding in the females may have been due to over-low values in
      the normal controls. Blood ferritin values during therapy gradually rose until
      its termination. The conclusion is drawn that at any rate in males the
      determination of blood ferritin can be a useful aid in the diagnosis of iron
      deficiency anaemia, and in the demonstration of normal reserves after treatment.

PMID- 6835568
TI  - [Leg ulcer in thalassemia. The pathogenetic aspects and proposed treatment].
AB  - A brief examination of the pathogenetic aspects of ulceration of the leg in
      thalassaemia is presented with a view to establishing the physiopathological
      bases for appropriate therapy. Reference is made to a personal case and to the
      excellent results obtained with the treatment employed.

PMID- 6835569
TI  - [Topical use of antibiotics for preventing wound infection in general surgery].
AB  - A group of 463 general surgery patients received topical applications of
      lincomycin and gentamycin, which significantly reduced the incidence of infected
      wounds compared to the untreated control group. This confirmed the prophylactic
      efficacy of topical antibiotic treatment which is also less dangerous than
      parenteral administration.

PMID- 6835570
TI  - [Citicoline activity in senile mental decay].
AB  - A brief report on the role of neurotransmittors (especially dopamine) depletion
      in cerebral aging and the development of certain pathological conditions in the
      elderly is presented. This is followed by a report on the results obtained by the
      administration of citicoline (500 mg/per diem intramuscularly for 20 days) to a
      group of 24 elderly patients with senile mental decay. A significant improvement
      (p less than 0.01) in mental performance was observed in all patients and no side
      effects were noted.

PMID- 6835571
TI  - [Magnetotherapy in clinical and ambulatory practice].
AB  - The results of experimental research into the physical, physiological and
      biological effects on the tissues of electromagnetic fields are analysed. The
      research was conducted on 354 patients either hospitalised or treated in
      outpatients departments for orthopaedic conditions. These patients were treated
      with electromagnetic currents for a period of 10 days and the effects mainly on
      oedema, pain and inflammation were evaluated. The effects were distinctly
      positive especially in the case of acute lesions. In addition, no unpleasant or
      harmful topical or systemic side effects were observed.

PMID- 6835572
TI  - [Therapeutic news. I. Crystalline lactulose].

PMID- 6835573
TI  - [A medico-social problem: the voice-mutilated patient].

PMID- 6835574
TI  - [Inherent aspects of new methods for the rehabilitation of laryngectomized
      patients].

PMID- 6835575
TI  - [Laryngeal prosthesis].

PMID- 6835576
TI  - [Update on the surgical rehabilitation of voice and deglutition following total
      laryngectomy].

PMID- 6835577
TI  - [Identification and incidence of occupational lung diseases in a specialized
      hospital].

PMID- 6835578
TI  - [Epidemiologic survey on diabetes mellitus among the infantile population of
      Massa].

PMID- 6835579
TI  - [The child and society].

PMID- 6835580
TI  - [Health education and problems of the elderly].

PMID- 6835581
TI  - [Proposal of the Gold Medal Merit Group of Public Health on the subject of
      infectious diseases].

PMID- 6835582
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic protocols].

PMID- 6835584
TI  - [Incidence of chronic lymphatic leukemia in 2 members of the same family.
      Comments on the incidence of genetic factors].

PMID- 6835586
TI  - [The percussion-auscultation syndrome in hyperfunction of the reticulo
      histiocytic system].

PMID- 6835585
TI  - [Visceral necrotic granulomatous panniculitis and its possible localization in
      the skeleton and in the hematopoietic tissues, associated with pancytopenia.
      Relation to the Weber-Christian syndrome].

PMID- 6835583
TI  - [Hypercalcemic syndrome in malignant lymphomas. Review of the literature and
      clinical contribution].
AB  - The appearance of hypercalcemic syndrome during the course of lymphoma is not
      only an unusual event, but it puts a very difficult diagnostic and therapeutic
      question too. There are three aetiologic moments: the diffuse osseus metastases,
      the paraneoplastic syndrome and concomitant primitive hyperparathyroidism. The
      pathogenesis of these questions has lately stimulated a new kind of research,
      even if there are still a lot of unknown points. The Authors suggest, as their
      own contribution, the revision of the literature on this subject and they also
      suggest an acute hypercalcemic syndrome case brought about a primitive
      hyperparathyroidism in a patient suffering from Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 6835587
TI  - [Retrospective analysis of obstetric treatment in patients with surgically
      treated heart diseases].
AB  - Two wide case series of patients suffering from every type of cardiac acquired
      and congenital defect, who underwent a cardiosurgical operation out and during
      pregnancy, were followed up after operation about gestation evolution and
      delivery proceeding. The prognosis of patients has greatly improved.

PMID- 6835589
TI  - [Induction of ovulation with bromocriptine. Results of 120 patients with
      hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 6835590
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological observations on prevention of carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix by colpocytological examination].

PMID- 6835588
TI  - [Aortic arch syndrome. Clinical report].

PMID- 6835592
TI  - [Study of cardiac function during diabetic pregnancy].

PMID- 6835593
TI  - [Report of a case of high-grade genital prolapse associated with unusual vesical
      lithiasis].

PMID- 6835591
TI  - [Leukocyte phosphatase activity as related to the endocrine function of the ovary
      in various periods of life in females].

PMID- 6835594
TI  - [Breech presentation: relation between asphyxia and the method of delivery
      observed in 3 academic years].

PMID- 6835595
TI  - Diagnostic protocol: solitary thyroid nodules in adults.
AB  - The literature states that most thyroid nodules found on physical examination are
      benign adenomas, but each nodule must be regarded with suspicion until proven
      benign or malignant. This diagnostic protocol provides a step by step process of
      evaluating subjective data, objective data and diagnostic tests relating to the
      work-up of the patient with a thyroid nodule.

PMID- 6835596
TI  - Sexual dysfunction and COPD: problems and management.
AB  - Engaging in sexual activity is a common difficulty for persons with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Misconceptions, ignorance, medications and
      poor physical or mental health, all factors common to this population, contribute
      to sexual dysfunction. The nurse practitioner can help patients with COPD deal
      with the problems of sexual function by assessing possible contributing factors,
      teaching ways to minimize these factors and to increase exercise tolerance, and
      encouraging other expressions of love, affection and intimacy.

PMID- 6835597
TI  - Tuberculosis: an overview of pathogenesis and prevention.
AB  - Tuberculosis in the United States is primarily caused by M. tuberculosis which
      relies on the human host for survival. The decrease in prevalence means that
      there is an increased number of individuals who are susceptible to infection and
      tuberculin disease. Today's health care providers need to be aware of the
      conditions and situations that enhance the development of tuberculosis and its
      subsequent spread. This article offers an overview of the disease process and
      some problems inherent in dealing with the disease. Preventive methods are
      presented with the hope that health care workers will be more attuned to the
      potential problems of tuberculosis despite its low prevalence.

PMID- 6835598
TI  - Childhood enuresis.
AB  - Enuresis is a common health problem in children, occurring in approximately 10
      percent of five-year-olds and five percent of ten-year-olds. Regardless of the
      multiple possible causes, enuresis affects the child's development. Following a
      discussion of epidemiologic, physiologic, psychosocial and predisposing factors
      to enuresis, this article presents nursing approaches to the assessment and
      management of enuresis. A variety of management options for the nurse
      practitioner are discussed with a focus on supporting normal child development
      and facilitative family interactions.

PMID- 6835599
TI  - Health and illness: a co-existence hypothesis.
AB  - It has been established that health is an important concept which helps define
      nursing and helps guide nursing practice. The co-existence hypothesis of health
      and illness has been introduced as a new way to think about health and illness.
      This idea states that health and illness are two separate phenomena which co
      exist. Further, the concerns categorized under health have been listed. These
      concerns were taken from the proceedings of the first three national conferences
      related to nursing diagnosis. It has been suggested that nurses diagnose and
      treat the concerns of health, regardless of whether or not an illness is present.
      Development and environment are two additional concepts which have been
      presented, both of which serve to enrich the provision of health care by nurses.
      An article in a future issue will describe the levels of intervention for health
      and for illness to show application of the co-existence hypothesis of health and
      illness.

PMID- 6835601
TI  - Aspirin therapy for thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 6835600
TI  - The enthusiasm plateau.

PMID- 6835602
TI  - Political awareness of nurse practitioners (a sample from New England).

PMID- 6835603
TI  - Transient global amnesia.
AB  - The syndrome of transient global amnesia (TGA) is defined and described.
      Characteristic features, epidemical data, variables possibly provoking TGA, its
      possible etiology and anatomical basis are reviewed. A transient disturbance in
      the formation of lasting new memories (usually of less than one day) and a
      retrograde amnesia (which includes the period of the attack and possibly a short
      time before) are considered as the main features of TGA. A further trait of TGA
      is the high age of most of the patients subjected to it (58 years on the
      average). TGA most likely is based on a transient change in the blood supply of
      certain regions of the brain. The mechanism by which this change happens is still
      hypothetical. Regions of the limbic system, in particular the area of the
      temporal lobe and the hippocampal formation, appear to be affected most likely.
      Uncertain are: the existence of factors provoking the outbreak of an amnesic
      attack, the likeliness of multiple episodes of TGA and the neuropsychological
      alterations in patients who suffered a transient global amnesic attack. The
      outcome of this review suggests, however, that the incidence of recurrent attacks
      of TGA is higher than previously assumed and that a transient global amnesic
      attack may be followed by lasting behavioral deteriorations.

PMID- 6835604
TI  - A reinterpretation of schedule-induced behaviors based on a systematic analysis
      of behavior.
AB  - Confusion exists regarding the criteria to be used in determining whether or not
      particular behaviors are schedule-induced. Four critical characteristics of
      schedule-induced behaviors are suggested and a comparison made of the complete
      range of behaviors exhibited by body weight-reduced rats drinking in response to
      one of three stimuli. These were (1) a fixed-time food reinforcement schedule,
      (2) a meal of dry food, and (3) 24 hour water deprivation. Drinking, locomotion,
      rearing and oral and perioral behaviors occurred in accordance with the defining
      characteristics of schedule-induced behaviors. Rats in the fixed-time
      reinforcement condition also deposited significantly greater numbers of fecal
      boli. Sniffing and food bowl related behaviors occurred as terminal responses for
      this group. It is concluded that animals which receive reinforcers intermittently
      maintain high levels of arousal for extended periods, and that the presence of
      the schedule may mimic conditions experienced by wild rats in non-laboratory
      settings. In such conditions ambulatory behaviors may be particularly adaptive.
      In contrast, reinforcing sensory feedback and a stress reducing role may be
      particularly important in the mediation of oral behaviors (such as drinking)
      which occur during intermittent reinforcement.

PMID- 6835605
TI  - Patterns of alcohol consumption and fetal development.
AB  - Effects of heavy, moderate, and rare alcohol consumption on fetal development
      were analyzed in a prospective study of 469 mother-infant pairs. Differential
      effects of heavy drinking in early and late gestation were evaluated by separate
      analysis of neonates born to women who reduced consumption before the third
      trimester. Using chi 2 analysis, multiple regression, and matched sets,
      statistically significant associations (P less than .01) were observed between
      sustained heavy drinking and both intrauterine growth retardation and congenital
      anomalies. These associations were independent of eight other risk factors. No
      differences were observed between offspring of rare and moderate drinkers.
      Infants born to women who reduced heavy drinking did not differ in growth from
      offspring of rare and moderate drinkers but demonstrated a higher frequency of
      abnormalities. Sustained heavy drinking represents a major risk; reduction in
      midpregnancy can benefit the newborn. Identification and therapy of heavy
      drinking are important components of prenatal care.

PMID- 6835606
TI  - The relationship of Apgar score to neurologic handicap: a survey of clinicians.

PMID- 6835608
TI  - Effect of tocolysis on incidence of low birth weight.
AB  - Tocolysis was attempted in only 2.5% of 570 consecutive low birth weight
      deliveries in the years 1980 through 1981. The reasons for rejecting therapy in
      the majority of cases are discussed. Prospectively, tocolysis was attempted in
      only 13.8% of all patients in preterm labor, with an 82% success rate. If
      tocolytic therapy were not used, and a calculation made with allowance for
      usually acceptable false diagnosis and failure rate, the general low birth weight
      rate would rise minimally and insignificantly (P = 1.4). It is concluded that
      availability of tocolytic agents must not be expected to lower the overall low
      birth weight rate, although it will benefit the appropriately selected individual
      patient.

PMID- 6835607
TI  - Practical use and efficiency of amniotic fluid OD 650 as a predictor of fetal
      pulmonary maturity.
AB  - Fetal pulmonary maturity evaluation was performed on 237 amniotic fluid specimens
      from 202 gravidas using: 1) optical density (OD) 650, 2) shake or foam
      stabilization test, and 3) lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio. One hundred thirty-one
      gravidas delivered within 48 hours of specimen collection, including nine of 11
      women delivering respiratory distress syndrome-affected infants and 40 delivering
      premature infants. The efficiency of each test in predicting fetal pulmonary
      maturity status was calculated and showed that statistically, OD 650 was
      significantly better at predicting fetal pulmonary maturity in preterm infants
      and all infants. Twenty-six of 27 infants of diabetic mothers (classes A through
      R) had mature OD 650 values; none developed respiratory distress syndrome. The
      authors confirm that the OD 650 is reliable in most clinical settings and
      superior to the shake test. The authors recommended its primary use when
      sophisticated phospholipid studies are not immediately available.

PMID- 6835609
TI  - Pathologic fetal heart rate associated with poor metabolic control in diabetic
      pregnancies.
AB  - Nonstress fetal heart rate (FHR) recording was used as a primary test to detect
      fetal distress in 145 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes. Testing was
      performed every second day beginning with the 32nd week of pregnancy and daily
      after the 34th week until delivery. One hundred eighteen (81.4%) had normal, nine
      (6.2%) suspicious, and 18 (12.4%) pathologic FHR recordings. Poor metabolic
      control of diabetes was observed in 25 (17.2%) of the 145 pregnancies during the
      last trimester of pregnancy. Nine of these 25 women (35%) with poor metabolic
      control had a suspicious or pathologic FHR recording, which was significantly
      more frequent (P less than .02) than in women with good metabolic control (18 of
      120, 15%). The mean value (+/- SD) of hemoglobin AIc during the last trimester in
      diabetic women with pathologic FHR records was 7.63 +/- 0.87%, which was
      significantly higher (P less than .02) than in diabetic women with normal FHR
      records (6.91 +/- 0.83%). None of the 145 fetuses monitored died in utero. It was
      concluded that no obvious iatrogenic morbidity was caused by early intervention
      in cases with pathologic FHR recordings.

PMID- 6835610
TI  - Fertility and pregnancy complications in women with autosomal dominant polycystic
      kidney disease.
AB  - Fertility and pregnancy complications were assessed in 137 women at risk of
      having inherited the gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
      Seventy-six (55%) of these subjects were found to have polycystic kidney disease
      (multiple renal cysts). The remaining 61 women served as controls. The prevalence
      of fertility, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and symptoms consistent with
      urinary tract infection were not different in the two groups. However, the
      frequency of hypertension first diagnosed during pregnancy (with or without
      preeclampsia or eclampsia) and the frequency of pregnancy-unrelated hypertension
      were higher in women with polycystic kidney disease. No evidence was found that
      pregnancy had an adverse effect on the natural course of polycystic kidney
      disease. The incidence of renal failure was not higher in women with polycystic
      kidney disease who had three or more pregnancies than in women of similar ages
      who had two, one, or no pregnancies.

PMID- 6835612
TI  - Serum bile acids in the early diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

PMID- 6835611
TI  - Pregnancy outcome in 211 patients with mild chronic hypertension.
AB  - The purpose of the present clinical investigation was to determine the risks
      associated with mild chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Two hundred eleven
      consecutive pregnancies complicated by mild chronic hypertension (diastolic blood
      pressure, 90 to 110 mmHg) were analyzed. All patients were followed closely
      throughout pregnancy with frequent prenatal visits and serial assessment of fetal
      status. Antihypertensive drugs were discontinued at the time of the first
      prenatal visit. Only 13% of these patients required antihypertensive medications
      later in pregnancy. There were 2 stillbirths and 4 neonatal deaths for an overall
      perinatal mortality of 28.1/1000. However, the majority of deaths (5 of 6)
      occurred among the 21 patients with superimposed preeclampsia. This subgroup was
      also characterized by a high rate of growth-retarded infants (32%). For patients
      without superimposed preeclampsia, 5.3% of the infants were small for gestational
      age and there was only one perinatal death. Thus, for patients with mild chronic
      hypertension, discontinuance of antihypertension medications does not adversely
      affect the antepartum course or perinatal outcome. In fact, in the absence of
      superimposed preeclampsia, the perinatal mortality for these patients approaches
      that of the general obstetric population. Therefore, in pregnancies complicated
      by mild chronic hypertension, factors other than increased blood pressure per se
      might be responsible for the poor perinatal outcome reported in such pregnancies.

PMID- 6835613
TI  - Comparative safety of the low transverse versus the low vertical uterine incision
      for cesarean delivery of breech infants.
AB  - Little is known about the comparative safety of the low transverse versus the low
      vertical uterine incision for cesarean delivery of singleton infants in breech
      presentation. To address this question, the short-term maternal and infant
      complications of 221 breech deliveries by low transverse incision and 195 by low
      vertical incision were analyzed. The perinatal mortality rate associated with the
      low transverse incision was significantly lower than that associated with the low
      vertical incision (41 versus 92 deaths per 1000 births; P less than .05). When
      standardized for birth weight or gestational age, the difference was no longer
      statistically significant (P greater than .05). The incidences of an Apgar score
      of 6 or lower, extension of the uterine incision, a decrease in hematocrit by 6
      points or more, blood transfusion, and maternal fever were not significantly
      different. Since these types of incisions appear to have comparable safety, the
      possibility of a vaginal delivery with later pregnancies suggests that the low
      transverse uterine incision is preferable to the low vertical incision.

PMID- 6835614
TI  - Behavior of moderate cervical dysplasia during long-term follow-up.
AB  - Eight hundred ninety-four women with cytologically diagnosed moderate cervical
      dysplasia were followed by cytology without major treatment. The results were
      regression in 54% (follow-up 78 months), progression in 30%, and persistence in
      16%. Biopsies were performed in 54%. Results in patients without biopsies were
      regression in 50%, progression in 35%, and persistence in 15%, implying a
      statistically significant difference between biopsied and nonbiopsied lesions.
      Fewer lesions progressed in patients age 51 or older than in younger patients,
      the progression time also being significantly longer. The cytology periodically
      returned to normal for more than 12 months in 3.8% of patients with persisting
      moderate dysplasia. Life table analysis indicated the risk of progression of
      moderate dysplasia to be 5 to 9/100 women/year. A comparison with the incidence
      of carcinoma in situ, 4/100,000 women/year, illustrates the yearly progression
      risk for a cervix with moderate dysplasia as 2000 times greater than for a woman
      without cervical dysplasia.

PMID- 6835615
TI  - Microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva: search for a definition.
AB  - All cases of stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva from the University of
      Michigan Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1981 were reviewed. Seventeen of 90 (19%)
      patients had nodal metastases. All had a depth of invasion of more than 2 mm and
      all exhibited histologic confluence. The risk of nodal metastases varied with
      depth of invasion, size of lesion, and histologic grade, although the association
      with grade was not statistically significant. The size of the lesion influenced
      the incidence of nodal metastases only in that it was associated with the depth
      of invasion. Lymphovascular invasion was present in only four patients, but three
      of them had nodal metastases, including one patient with only 3 mm depth of
      invasion.

PMID- 6835616
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser surgery.
AB  - Lower genital tract intraepithelial neoplasia was the predominant indication for
      CO2 laser surgery in 203 patients treated at Wayne State University. One hundred
      nineteen patients had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III and, in the 99
      patients who were adequately followed, the failure rate following the first
      treatment was 9%. Secondary treatment with laser surgery, cryosurgery or, in one
      instance, hysterectomy, was effective in treating all persistent CIN. Success in
      treating vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia with laser surgery was most favorable
      in patients who had not had prior pelvic irradiation. Small (less than 1.5 cm)
      vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III was successfully treated in seven patients.
      Recalcitrant condyloma acuminata responded well to laser surgery in 31 patients.

PMID- 6835617
TI  - A double-blind comparison of a propionic acid derivative (ibuprofen) and a
      fenamate (mefenamic acid) in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
AB  - A double-blind three-way crossover design in the treatment of dysmenorrhea
      comparing a propionic acid derivative (ibuprofen) and a fenamate (mefenamic acid)
      with a placebo showed that both ibuprofen and mefenamic acid are generally
      superior to placebo. Statistically significant results were obtained in favor of
      the study drugs over placebo for the pain relief afforded by the treatments (as
      graded by patients) and the visual analog pain relief score, which not only ranks
      but also indicates the degree of pain relief as a percentage of total relief
      (100%). Pairwise comparisons for the ranks found mefenamic acid significantly
      superior to placebo (P less than .001) and ibuprofen marginally superior to
      placebo (P less than .06), while the visual analog pain relief scale demonstrated
      mefenamic acid and ibuprofen superior to placebo (P less than .001 and P less
      than .01, respectively). For both the patient ranking of pain relief by treatment
      and the visual analog pain relief scale, the results showed no significant
      differences between ibuprofen and mefenamic acid. Side effects occurred in 11
      ibuprofen cycles, five mefenamic acid cycles, and ten placebo cycles of the 48
      cycles with each agent. These were generally of minor severity or importance and
      were not statistically different. The need for additional analgesics and the
      ability to pursue normal daily activity were not different for any treatment
      group. The findings of this study indicate no clinical difference between a
      propionic acid derivative such as ibuprofen and a fenamate such as mefenamic acid
      in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 6835618
TI  - Size of Y chromosome not associated with abortion risk.
AB  - The average length of the Y chromosome in men whose wives had multiple fetal loss
      was 1.046 +/- 0.106, which is not significantly different from the average length
      in controls (1.068 +/- 0.096). Therefore, it is concluded that there is no
      evidence for an association of the size of the Y chromosome with an increased
      risk of abortions as previously suggested. Furthermore, the authors suggest that
      the definition of a large Y be revised, as the majority of normal males have a
      Y/F index of more than 1.0, so a Y/F ratio of greater than 1.0 should not be
      considered a long Y chromosome.

PMID- 6835619
TI  - Conference coma: a formula for appraisal.

PMID- 6835620
TI  - Orogenital sex as a cause of nonfatal air embolism in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of nonfatal air embolism from orogenital sex in the 30th week of pregnancy
      is described. Because of a delay in the diagnosis, the patient did not receive
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy until 39 hours after the incident. Severe neurologic
      dysfunction persisted despite hyperbaric therapy. The world literature on
      orogenital sex in pregnancy with resultant air embolism is reviewed. The
      pathophysiology of air embolism and the rationale for hyperbaric oxygen treatment
      are presented. It is strongly recommended that survivors of this form of air
      embolism be transferred to hyperbaric facilities as soon as possible to reduce
      the long-term neurologic sequelae.

PMID- 6835621
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a human pseudoacardiac anomaly.
AB  - A unique case is presented of dichorionic-diamnionic twins, one of which
      contained a primitive heart arrested at an early stage of development and which
      resembled in many other respects a classic case of acardia. Lack of vascular
      anastomoses, the dichorionic nature of the twins, and ultrasonic evidence of
      independent heart rates suggest that the primary pathogenesis in acardia may be
      cardiac dysmorphogenesis rather than reversal of vascular flow. Ultrasonography
      and fetal echocardiography proved useful in delineating many of the features of
      the amorphous twin before delivery.

PMID- 6835625
TI  - More on second opinions.

PMID- 6835623
TI  - Disposable surgical drapes--a potential fire hazard.

PMID- 6835624
TI  - Amniotic fluid optical density and fetal pulmonary.

PMID- 6835622
TI  - Plasma oxytocin concentrations in a pregnant woman with total vasopressin
      deficiency.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in a woman with clinical diabetes insipidus. Plasma oxytocin
      levels were normal and ranged from less than 0.25 microU/ml to 76 microU/ml
      during the last month of pregnancy and during spontaneous labor. Vasopressin
      requirements did not change during pregnancy. Unexplained vasopressin resistance
      and massive diuresis occurred early in the postpartum period. Plasma vasopressin
      concentrations were undetectable in the nonpregnant state. The documentation of
      normal oxytocin production and total vasopressin deficiency suggests that an
      anatomic defect is unlikely to cause this disorder unless it is limited to axons
      and cell bodies containing vasopressin and not oxytocin.

PMID- 6835626
TI  - Safety's impact on an alternative energy source.
AB  - Our ability to make underground mines a safe place to work will be a major
      concern to those seeking to use coal as an energy source. Increased production
      will stimulate a heightened concern for making mining a more effective energy
      resource. This effectiveness means that unless safe performance is achieved, the
      cost of poor safety, such as loss of lives and costly delays due to breakdowns
      and other failures, will greatly reduce productivity of underground mining
      operations. As such, coal companies and miners must be prepared to safely manage
      their operation before underground mining makes a significant effect on energy
      independence.

PMID- 6835627
TI  - Welding fumes in shipyards.

PMID- 6835628
TI  - Odor pollution: don't deny what the nose knows.

PMID- 6835629
TI  - A microcomputer approach to safety record keeping.

PMID- 6835630
TI  - Preventive medicine's prime mover.

PMID- 6835631
TI  - Administering a respiratory surveillance program.

PMID- 6835633
TI  - Pregnancy and heavy work.

PMID- 6835632
TI  - The integrated use of federal statutes and private actions can help reduce the
      incidence of these hazards.

PMID- 6835634
TI  - Toxic injury to male reproductive systems. A review.

PMID- 6835635
TI  - Medical removal protection.

PMID- 6835636
TI  - Occupational medicine in the hospital.

PMID- 6835637
TI  - Cardiotoxins: a neglected culprit?

PMID- 6835638
TI  - Understanding competition.

PMID- 6835639
TI  - Physician supply. What is the competition?

PMID- 6835640
TI  - The newest system of alternate care.

PMID- 6835642
TI  - Competition: the rising tide.

PMID- 6835641
TI  - The guide to Ohio's markets.

PMID- 6835643
TI  - Ohio Maternal Mortality Study. Primary causes of death.

PMID- 6835644
TI  - Emergency medicine. Interview by Gina DiBlasio Cummins.

PMID- 6835645
TI  - [Morphogenesis of transverse straited muscles].
AB  - During the past 50 years there have been significant advances in our
      understanding of striated muscle development, both from tissue culture studies
      and from observations of myogenesis in the developing foetus. Experiments, using
      the distinctive nucleolar marker of quail nuclei, have led to reexamination of
      the source of the body's muscle masses. Advances have been made in our
      understanding of the events which occur and mechanisms involved in the formation
      of multinucleated myofibers from mononucleated myoblasts. Recently, the
      development of entire muscle organs has been studied. The present review attempts
      to synthesize the results of both in vivo and in vitro studies of myogenesis,
      comparing both their similarities and their differences. Attention has been
      focused on recent advances in our understanding of the source of muscles in the
      intact foetus, the formation of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers, and the
      development of the afferent and efferent neuromuscular relationships.

PMID- 6835647
TI  - [Enzymes in the process of neuronal differentiation of the hen spinal ganglion,
      spinal cord and tectum opticum. A cytophotometric histochemical study].
AB  - Changes in the activity of 13 enzymes are described in the process of
      cytodifferentiation of the nerve cells of spinal ganglion, the motor neurons of
      spinal cord and large nerve cells of the III layer of tectum opticum in 7, 10 and
      21 day old chick embryos. Cytophotometry was performed with MZFV-1 (LOMO) by
      means of plug-method. A relatively high activity of glucose-6-phosphat
      dehydrogenase, diaphorase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and, partially,
      acetylcholine esterase was found already in the 7 days old embryo. The activity
      of monoamine oxidase, aldolase-glyceroaldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,
      isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase increased markedly on the 21st
      day. When studying the reciprocal distribution of two enzymes in separate cells,
      pairs of enzymes with a high value of correlation coefficient were found. The
      cytodifferentiation was found to be accompanied by changes in the coefficient of
      correlation of the same pair of enzymes.

PMID- 6835648
TI  - [Effect of monosomy of the autosomes on the preimplantation stages of
      embryogenesis in laboratory mice].
AB  - The effects of monosomy for the autosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 16 and 19 were studied
      in mice with single or double Robertsonian translocations. The monosomy for
      different autosomes affects the preimplantation development of the mouse embryos
      in different ways. The monosomy for the autosomes 1, 3, 6, 16 or 19 does not
      affect cleavage, compactization or blastulation and is, in some cases, even
      compatible with the implantation. The most these embryos are eliminated at the
      blastocyst stage (monosomy for the autosomes 3, 6 or 19) or, sometimes, at the
      postimplantation stages (1 or 16). The monosomy for the autosomes 2 or 5 is
      realized during cleavage causing the developmental delay, pathological changes in
      the nuclei of blastomeres and elimination at the morula stage. The results
      obtained suggest differential activity of chromosomes at the preimplantation
      stages of embryogenesis. Possible reasons for the early death of the embryos with
      particular types of monosomy are discussed. A hypothesis of mutual activation of
      the homologous autosomes at the early developmental stages is put forward.
      According to this hypothesis, the loci of a single unpaired autosome, especially
      of paternal origin, remain inactive during the early embryogenesis.

PMID- 6835646
TI  - [Dynamics of the changes in the content of testosterone and estradiol receptors
      in the hypothalamus of male rats in the course of sexual development].
AB  - The content of receptors to testosterone and estradiol in hypothalamus of the
      male rats was studied during their sexual maturation (7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
      days). In all the age groups of animals the concentration of receptors to
      testosterone in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of hypothalamus was at a
      relatively constant level, except in 7 day old males in which the minimal
      concentration of cytoplasmic and the maximal concentration of nuclear receptors
      were noted. The highest values of estradiol-binding sites in cytosol of
      hypothalamus were observed on the 7th and 14th days and in the nuclear fraction
      on the 28th, 35th and 42nd days of life. The binding of both the hormones with
      their receptors is a specific process characterized by a high affinity. A
      suggestion is put forward that receptors both to androgens and estrogens take
      part in the brain sexual differentiation.

PMID- 6835649
TI  - [Proteins of mouse spermatogenic cells. II. Age differences at individual stages
      of differentiation].
AB  - The spermatogenic cells of the adult and young mice differ by the content of
      certain electrophoretic fractions of proteins and the activity of a number of
      enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate, sorbitol and pyruvate dehydrogenases). The
      expression of age differences changes in the process of differentiation. It is
      suggested that the differences found are of dual nature: they are due to both the
      "immaturity" of young animals and the age processes per se in adults; the role of
      the latter decreases as the differentiation proceeds.

PMID- 6835650
TI  - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of multiple and combined injuries].

PMID- 6835652
TI  - [Immobilization in fractures of the hand bones].

PMID- 6835651
TI  - [Use of the distraction method in surgical treatment of defects of the fingers in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 6835653
TI  - [Mechanical basis of primary and secondary displacements of bone fragments in
      radius fractures at a typical site].

PMID- 6835654
TI  - [Tensodynamometric indicators of the forearm muscles in healthy children and in
      patients with the sequelae of the injuries of the elbow joint].

PMID- 6835655
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of ununited transcondylar fractures of the humerus
      in children].

PMID- 6835656
TI  - [Dysplasia and birth injury of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 6835657
TI  - [Factors of external environment and the incidence of malignant bone tumors].

PMID- 6835658
TI  - [Rupture of the tendon of the extensor muscle of the finger].

PMID- 6835659
TI  - [Method of treatment of dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle].

PMID- 6835660
TI  - [Apparatus for the treatment of dislocations of the acromial end of the
      clavicle].

PMID- 6835661
TI  - [Treatment of inveterated shoulder dislocation by evenly applied loads].

PMID- 6835662
TI  - [Endoprosthesis of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 6835663
TI  - [Device for surgical treatment of fractures of the distal epimetaphysis of the
      humerus].

PMID- 6835664
TI  - [Compression osteosynthesis in fractures of the radius neck].

PMID- 6835665
TI  - [Clamp for removal of the pins without the "handle"].

PMID- 6835666
TI  - [Calibration plate-ruler].

PMID- 6835667
TI  - [Controlled reposition and percutaneous fixation in the treatment of diaphyseal
      fractures of the forearm bones].

PMID- 6835668
TI  - [Device for determination of the amplitude of rotation movements in the cervical
      spine].

PMID- 6835669
TI  - [Rest for the limbs].

PMID- 6835670
TI  - [The place and role of clinical chemistry in medicine].

PMID- 6835671
TI  - [Thrombosis of an artificial mitral valve].

PMID- 6835673
TI  - [Hospital administration in the light of time saving].

PMID- 6835672
TI  - [The place of diabetic children in society].

PMID- 6835674
TI  - [Effect of vitamin B 6 on blood oxygen transport in the newborn].

PMID- 6835675
TI  - [Hemocytological classification, clinical staging and polychemotherapy of
      multiple myeloma].

PMID- 6835676
TI  - [Oxygen consumption of phagocytic leukocytes in childhood diseases].

PMID- 6835678
TI  - [Parathyroid adenoma localized by ultrasonic diagnosis].

PMID- 6835677
TI  - [Incidence of primary cancer of the gastric stump in endoscopic findings].

PMID- 6835679
TI  - [Acute cortical blindness: a reversible complication of acute kidney failure in a
      child with burns].
AB  - An 11 year old boy was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics Medical School of
      Vienna with 2nd and 3rd degree burns covering 30% of his body. He presented with
      complications--high fever, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration--which had led to
      acute renal failure. After 6 hemodialyses renal function recovered after two
      weeks and the patient entered a polyuric phase. In connection with a transient
      dehydration the patient showed a sudden bilateral cortical blindness. The
      computerized tomogram (CT) showed vague evidence of an occipital cortical
      ischemia. We assume that several factors have played a role in this sudden
      occurrence. As a result of hypovolemia and coincident anemia and electrolyte
      inbalance, cerebral edema and cortical tissue hypoxia with emphasis in the
      occipital cortical region developed in the brain possibly already damaged by burn
      injury. A complete reversal of the clinical state was achieved. The patient was
      discharged with normal vision and normalized renal function.

PMID- 6835680
TI  - [Clinical and neuroradiological aspects in the infantile form of Moyamoya
      disease].

PMID- 6835681
TI  - [Unusual clinical and cytogenetic findings in a child with trisomy 13 (46, XY, 
      13, +t (13q 13q))].

PMID- 6835682
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in hydrocephalus].
AB  - Sonographic evaluation of the brain offers a noninvasive, safe and inexpensive
      method in diagnosis and follow-up of hydrocephalus associated with
      meningomyelocele. Cranial computed tomography should be reserved for special
      questions such as assessment of bony structures, subdural effusions or if
      fontanelles and sutures are already closed. Ultrasound of the neonatal head is
      completely harmless, repeated examinations can easily be performed and sedation
      of the infant is usually not necessary. The method of ultrasound sections in
      different directions is demonstrated and compared to axial CT sections. Value,
      effectiveness and diagnostic interpretation of the method are demonstrated in
      four cases: 1. Small lumbar meningomyelocele with mild hydrocephalus without
      enlargement on follow-up. 2. Giant spinal defect with kyphoskoliosis, marked
      hydrocephalus and associated ventricle abnormalities. 3. Sonographic follow-up
      after ventriculo-atrial shunting in a patient with congenital hydrocephalus. 4.
      Cerebrospinal fluid abdominal pseudocyst after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting.
      Thus ultrasound is an excellent method for following ventricular size and shunt
      function in meningomyelocele-patients.

PMID- 6835683
TI  - [Liver coma with fatal course in 2 children under long-term antiepileptic
      therapy].
AB  - This is a report of two non related children who died after antiepileptic therapy
      for years in hepatic coma. In both children no other cause for hepatic failure
      could be found than treatment with anticonvulsive drugs. In both cases family
      history was interesting. Unexplained deaths in early infancy in the family of the
      girl, a carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency in the family of the boy, whose
      grandfather could have been heterozygote for this disturbance. It is supposed
      that heterozygotes for inborn errors of ammonia metabolism tolerate antiepileptic
      therapy worse showing increased hepatodiagnostic parameters, even necrosis of
      hepar and hepatic coma. In future examinations of the concerned families are
      suggested if disturbances of liver function are observed.

PMID- 6835684
TI  - [You make the diagnosis. Combined iron and vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia].

PMID- 6835685
TI  - [You make the diagnosis. Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)].

PMID- 6835686
TI  - Anterior spinal artery syndrome and its natural history.
AB  - The anterior spinal artery syndrome in three patients is described and from the
      literature 60 additional patients were collected. Motor recovery in the following
      groups of patients was noted: (1) Partial loss of motor function and pain
      sensation--70.4 per cent (19/27); (2) Complete motor loss but partial loss of
      pain--83.3 per cent (5/6); (3) Paresis but pain sensation absent--66.7 per cent
      (6/9); and (4) Absent motor function and pain--38.9 per cent (7/18). Motor
      recovery was also found to vary according to aetiology: (A) Unknown cause--92.9
      per cent (13/14); (B) Post-infection or vaccination--88.9 per cent (8/9); (C)
      Anterior spinal artery occlusion--33.3 per cent (3/9); (D) Spinal cord angioma-
      20 per cent (2/10); and (E) Aortic lesion--20 per cent (1/5). Patients with
      sparing of motor function or pain sensation below the lesion do better than those
      without both functions. Neurological return also varies with the aetiology of the
      syndrome.

PMID- 6835687
TI  - Life expectancy following spinal cord injury: a ten-years survey in the Rhone
      Alpes Region, France, 1969-1980.
AB  - A ten years survey of 848 patients having sustained traumatic spinal cord injury
      between 1969 and 1979 was conducted in the Rhone-Alpes Region, France. All
      patients had been referred to the spinal cord injury unit, Hopital Henry
      Gabrielle. 48 deaths were recorded: 36 patients admitted early to the Unit, and
      12 patients injured before 1969 but followed-up in the Unit. The deceased
      patients were older and more frequently male and tetraplegic than the rest of the
      group. In 75 per cent of the deceased patients, the survival time was less than
      1/5 of the theoretical life expectancy. In 59 per cent, it was less than 1/10.
      Twenty tetraplegics died of respiratory complications. Three patients committed
      suicide, the rest died of urinary complications. The results appear to determine
      a secondary period with high mortality rate, after the initial high mortality of
      these patients. About one year post-injury, the life expectancy in our series
      appears to tend towards the values observed in the French population.

PMID- 6835688
TI  - Body composition comparison in two elite female wheelchair athletes.
AB  - It was the purpose of this study to determine body composition by two methods in
      two excellent female athletes. One sportswoman (SRH) was national wheelchair
      marathon champion in 1977 in 3 hours, 40 minutes on the Boston course. She still
      competes internationally and has won three gold medals and set three world
      records in the last Olympiad for the handicapped in 1980. The second woman
      athlete (LSJ) competes in wheelchair basketball and track on a national level.
      Body density was determined by the standard underwater weighing procedure and
      residual volume determination. A second method to calculate cellular body mass
      was the measure of potassium 40 (40K) activity by whole body scintillation
      counter. The characteristics of these athletes are listed as follows: (formula;
      see text) The results show that both methods of determining adiposity produce
      results differing by only one percentage point. It is important to determine body
      composition in these wheelchair athletes since their cellular body mass is
      decreased because of their disability.

PMID- 6835689
TI  - Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine in spinal cord injury
      patients.
AB  - Measured endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) was compared with the predicted
      Ccr in 22 paraplegic, 36 tetraplegic and 11 ambulatory male individuals as well
      as 11 ambulatory females all of whom had normal renal function. While the
      predicted and measured values closely matched in the ambulatory patients the
      predicted values in the spinal cord injured patients consistently exceeded the
      measured values. It thus appears that the original Cockcroft and Gault formula;
      (formula; see text) when applied to SCI patients can be misleading. Modification
      of the original formula using a correction factor of 0.8 in paraplegics and 0.6
      in tetraplegics was found to allow prediction of Ccr from age, sex, body weight,
      and serum creatinine in these patients with reasonable accuracy.

PMID- 6835690
TI  - Treatment of anejaculation in the total paraplegic by subcutaneous injection of
      Physostigmine.
AB  - The authors describe a new therapy for paraplegic anejaculation. Sub-cutaneous
      injection of Physostigmine with certain precautions and with selected methods of
      application can be used for patients where there is the same indication for the
      use of an intrathecal injection of Neostigmine. The T12-L2 myelomeres must be
      intact. The new treatment is easier to perform, and when the patient has
      experimented with three tests in our hospital without any problems, he is granted
      permission to apply this treatment at home, without any medical supervision.

PMID- 6835691
TI  - Vertebral metastases and spinal cord compression.
AB  - Clinical interest in spinal compression and resultant paraplegia due to
      metastases has mounted in recent years. This has stimulated attention to the
      neuropathology of the condition. Fourteen cases of spinal cord compression due to
      vertebral metastases are compared with over 100 traumatic cases. In the traumatic
      lesions there is central haemorrhagic necrosis leading to cavitation and gliosis
      with nerve root regeneration in the late stages. In the metastatic cases, lesions
      are often peripheral, pie-shaped and are related to vascular factors. The
      neuropathology of cord necrosis due to metastatic spinal disease is therefore
      different to trauma. These observations have clinical importance in planning
      treatment.

PMID- 6835692
TI  - The effect of temperature on the survival and infectivity of the free-living
      larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
AB  - The development, survival and infectivity of larvae of Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis at 10 and 21 degrees C have been studied. In cultures developed for
      1 week at 21 degrees C but stored at either 10 or 21 degrees C the mean recovery
      of larvae in 1.5 h Baermann sediment (46% and 42% of total eggs, respectively)
      and their infectivity (66% and 70% day 8 p.i. recovery, respectively) at 4 weeks
      of cultivation were similar. However, at 20 weeks of cultivation only a few
      larvae survived storage at 21 degrees C (1.4%) and the survivors showed very low
      infectivity (4.1%), whereas larvae stored at 10 degrees C retained most of their
      survival and infectivity rates (41% and 44%, respectively). In cultures developed
      and stored at 10 degrees C a lower mean proportion (17%) of the eggs was
      recovered as larvae at 4 weeks of cultivation. The mean infectivity rate of these
      larvae increased from 4 to 12 weeks of cultivation (18% and 42%, respectively)
      but was reduced at 20 weeks of cultivation (27%). An increased proportion of
      adult female worms was recovered from rats infected with larvae from cultures
      showing poor development or survival and the fecundity of the adult females
      decreased in all groups as the storage time of the cultures was increased. Eggs
      from low fecundity adult worms showed normal development of larvae. The relation
      between survival, temperature in the habitat and the geographical distribution of
      the larvae of N. brasiliensis is discussed.

PMID- 6835693
TI  - The resistance to re-infection of cats repeatedly inoculated with infective
      larvae of Brugia pahangi.
AB  - Seven microfilaraemic and five amicrofilaraemic cats which had been repeatedly
      infected with Brugia pahangi were challenged along with normal cats 28, 14 and 1
      day before autopsy. The lymphatics of the amicrofilaraemic cats contained no
      female adult worms originating from the repeat infections and only two adult
      males (both from the same cat). Only 5.2% of the worms in the control cats were
      recovered from the amicrofilaraemic cats. Most of the challenge worms were killed
      in the first 24 h. The microfilaraemic cats all contained fertile adult male and
      female worms derived from the repeated infection but in such low numbers as to
      indicate considerable resistance to infection. Compared to their controls 26.4%
      of the challenge worms were recovered. Analysis of the life-cycle stages
      recovered showed that in both groups there was attrition of all stages and that
      although a number of worms reached L5 these were all killed later in the
      amicrofilaraemic cats.

PMID- 6835694
TI  - Attempts to induce protective immunity in hamsters against infection by a liver
      fluke of man (Opisthorchis viverrini).
AB  - The development of acquired resistance in opisthorchiasis was studied in hamsters
      experimentally infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. The induction of protective
      immunity was attempted by first exposing adult female golden Syrian hamsters to
      1, 2 or 3 doses of infective metacercariae obtained from naturally infected
      cyprinoid fishes and then reinfecting them with 80 metacercariae. In other
      experiments, animals that were infected with 50 metacercariae were treated with
      praziquantel prior to being rechallenged in order to eliminate the flukes that
      had developed from the first infection. The effect of long-term chronic
      infections was also studied. Faecal egg counts were determined at weekly
      intervals from 4-5 weeks onwards. The animals were killed 2-3 months after the
      last infection for worm recovery, and terminal faecal egg output/g faeces/worm
      was calculated. The data showed that prior infection of animals with O. viverrini
      did not induce significant protective immunity against reinfection by the same
      parasite. Lack of protection was also noted in animals reinfected several times
      with small doses of metacercariae. However, under certain circumstances, prior
      infection could result in a significant reduction in the faecal egg output due to
      subsequent infection.

PMID- 6835695
TI  - Fasciola hepatica: development of the tegument of normal and gamma-irradiated
      flukes during infection in rats and mice.
AB  - Rats and mice were infected with either normal metacercariae or metacercariae
      gamma-irradiated at 3 krad. or 4 krad. Flukes were recovered at various times
      after infection and their teguments examined using a transmission electron
      microscope. In normal flukes, the secretory granules T0, T1 and T2 were all seen
      during tegumental development. The teguments of flukes from mice developed faster
      than the corresponding teguments in rats. T0 granules were present from day 0 to
      day 10 post-infection (p.i.) in mouse flukes and from day 0 to day 14 p.i. in rat
      flukes. T1 granules first appeared in mouse flukes by day 4 p.i. but not until
      day 8 p.i. in rat flukes. T2 granules were seen in mouse flukes 2 days p.i. but
      not before 6 days p.i. in rat flukes. gamma-Irradiation at 4 krad prevented
      normal tegumental development in flukes from both rats and mice. T0 granules were
      present at all times in flukes from either host. T1 granules were produced in
      mouse flukes but their appearance was delayed until day 6 p.i. No significant
      production of T2 granules occurred in flukes from either host. Parasite survival
      was also affected by gamma-irradiation and none of the flukes reached maturity.
      Flukes from rats died between 10 and 21 days p.i. and flukes from mice died
      between 14 and 28 days p.i. gamma-Irradiation of metacercariae at 3 krad. had an
      extremely variable effect on subsequent tegumental development in both rats and
      mice. Some flukes developed normally, some showed development associated with
      gamma-irradiation at 4 krad, whilst some showed intermediate development.

PMID- 6835696
TI  - The influence of the H-2 complex on responses to infection by Schistosoma mansoni
      in mice.
AB  - In order to determine whether a given H-2 haplotype has similar effects on
      responses to schistosomiasis mansoni on different genetic backgrounds, mice of 2
      pairs of congenic strains (H-2b and H-2k on BALB/c and C57BL/10 backgrounds) were
      infected. Worm burdens, mortality, splenomegaly, tissue and faecal egg counts,
      and antibody titres to worm and egg antigens were measured. The genetic
      background had a major effect on the genesis of splenomegaly, on the deposition
      of eggs in the spleen, the maximum faecal egg count, the antibody titre to egg
      and worm antigens and the rate of generation of antibody response. The H-2
      haplotype was shown to consistently influence the maximum faecal egg count and
      the antibody titres. Worm burden was not influenced by genetic differences
      between strains and mortality differences were not significant. The data
      presented here indicate that the effect of the major histocompatibility complex
      on responses to infection is greatly influenced by the genetic background on
      which it is expressed.

PMID- 6835697
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: temporal distribution of radioselenium-labelled
      schistosomula in lungs of mice during the first two weeks of infection.
AB  - The number of schistosomula in lungs was determined by compressed organ
      autoradiography at intervals up to 14 days after exposure of mice to 75Se
      labelled cercariae by tail immersion. Probit analysis of compressed lung
      autoradiogram focus counts, expressed as percentages of initial infection level,
      yielded estimates of the average time of arrival, peak accumulation in the lungs
      and average time of departure of schistosomula: 4.5 +/- 0.87, 6.3 +/- 0.45 and 11
      +/- 0.58 days, respectively. At peak accumulation 92 +/- 3.5% of the initial
      number of schistosomula were found in the lungs. It thus appears that little or
      no significant attrition of schistosomula occurred in the skin and, instead, that
      most of the 50-70% of penetrant cercariae that fail to reach adulthood are lost
      somewhere between the pulmonary and hepatic phases of development. Loss of 75Se
      label from schistosomula during the first 14 days was exponential, with an
      average half-life of 4.5 +/- 0.81 days. However, the high sensitivity of
      autoradiography tended to compensate for this rather rapid rate of label loss. It
      was pointed out that autoradiographic detection of schistosomula as discrete loci
      of radioactivity can also be expected to overcome the problem posed by the
      accumulation in such tissues as liver and kidney of 75Se label that has become
      separated from larvae.

PMID- 6835698
TI  - Recovery of parasites at different stages of migration following infection of
      rats with Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The technique of tail amputation is utilized as a method for interrupting the
      migration process of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula from the skin of Fischer
      rats infected by exposure of the tail to cercariae. The yields of schistosomula
      recovered from the lungs at different times post-infection are compared, using
      rats with or without tail amputation. Residence times of schistosomula in skin
      and lungs, as well as their transit time and efficiency of migration between
      these sites, are estimated. At least one-third of the infecting cercariae migrate
      from skin to lung in rats. Amputation of the tail on days 4 or 5 post-infection
      isolates a definable number of schistosomula in the lung and their migration to
      the portal circulation can be followed. The kinetics of this migration in rats
      and mice is compared and a significant difference is revealed.

PMID- 6835699
TI  - Feeding behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans infected with Trypanosoma
      vivax, T. congolense or T. brucei.
AB  - The feeding behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans infected with Trypanosoma
      vivax, T. congolense or T. brucei was studied and compared with that of
      uninfected control tsetse. The following parameters were measured. (1) Mean
      number of feeds taken in 20 consecutive days; (2) mean rate of blood meal intake
      in microgram/sec of the total days fed; (3) mean weight of blood meal intake/day
      of the total days fed; (4) mean total blood meal engorgement in 20 days; (5) mean
      number of probes/day of the days fed; (6) mean frequency of the multiple probe
      feeds and (7) mean number of pre-feeding probes of the multiple probe feeds.
      Evidence was found to suggest that the rosettes of T. vivax and T. congolense in
      the proboscis, and colonies of T. brucei parasites in the salivary glands, did
      not significantly alter the feeding behaviour of the vector.

PMID- 6835700
TI  - Rat-dietary fructose and the intestinal distribution and growth of Moniliformis
      (Acanthocephala).
AB  - The numbers, distribution in the small intestine, sexual development and growth
      (dry weight) of 5-week-old Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) were investigated
      experimentally in adult, female CFHB rats fed on theoretically isoenergetic diets
      containing known amounts of fructose in combination with either maize-oil fatty
      acids or maize oil and two concentrations of casein. There was no obvious
      development of M. dubius when there was no fructose in the host's diet. In
      contrast, estimated consumption by the host of as little as about 2 g of fructose
      during the 5-week infection period was accompanied by marked sexual dimorphism
      and weight gain in most of the M. dubius present. The dry weights of M. dubius of
      both sexes were positively correlated with fructose concentrations ranging from 0
      to 2.5% (w/w) in the diets containing fatty acids. Significant, but not
      substantial, increases in M. dubius dry weight were observed as the dietary
      fructose concentration was raised to 12% (w/w). Similar trends were observed when
      the fructose was offered to the infected rats with maize oil, but in general,
      fructose added to the fatty-acid based diets supported most M. dubius growth.
      Differences in the distribution pattern of the worms in rats fed on the fatty
      acid or maize-oil based diets were observed and their possible significance is
      discussed.

PMID- 6835701
TI  - Functional antigens of Trichuris muris released during in vitro maintenance:
      their immunogenicity and partial purification.
AB  - The immunogenicity of the secretory exo-antigen (EXA) originating in the
      stichosome of Trichuris muris has been investigated. High levels of immunity to
      challenge were produced using EXA (100 micrograms) by subcutaneous
      administration. Vaccination with a range of doses of EXA in Freunds' Incomplete
      Adjuvant (FIA) showed a dose response; 1 microgram of EXA reduced the worm burden
      by 50% and doses of 10 micrograms or more reduced the worm burden by 80-90% at
      Day 9 post-infection. Worms recovered from vaccinated mice were significantly
      smaller than those from controls. A precipitin line identifiable with EXA was
      shown to immunize mice against T. muris challenge by vaccination. The protective
      antigen contained in EXA has been partially isolated using gel filtration, ion
      exchange filtration and isoelectric focusing and has been shown to be a protein
      of 30000 molecular weight having a pI of 6.8-7.3.

PMID- 6835702
TI  - The rostellar tegumentary cytoplasm of the metacestode of Hymenolepis diminuta
      (Cyclophyllidea: Cestoda).
AB  - Prior to scolex-retraction, the tegumentary syncytial cytoplasm of the
      presumptive rostellar region of Hymenolepis diminuta (from Tenebrio molitor kept
      at 26 degrees C) is indistinguishable from that of the rest of the cysticercoid.
      At 1 day after scolex-retraction differentiation of the rostellum has commenced,
      the tegumentary cytoplasm containing a small number of membrane-bound, ovoid,
      electron-dense granules which are absent from all other tegumentary regions of
      the metacestode. By 3 days after scolex-withdrawal there is a substantial
      increase in the number of ovoid granules within the rostellar tegumentary
      syncytium and the Golgi systems of the rostellar cytons are highly secretory. At
      this stage, although the cyst wall tissues are not fully developed, the
      metacestode is infective. This early and rapid development of the rostellar
      region presumably enables the 'adult' condition to be readily attained. In older
      metacestodes there is a progressive accumulation of ovoid granules within the
      rostellar tegumentary cytoplasm, accompanied by a decrease within the rostellar
      cytons. At 23 days following scolex-retraction the rostellar syncytium has the
      appearance of that of the adult tapeworm. The rostellar cytons also produce
      tegumentary discs and vesicles and are therefore regarded as homologous to the
      other tegumentary cytons of the metacestode.

PMID- 6835703
TI  - Hymenolepis nana: the fine structure of the adult nervous system.
AB  - The fine structure of the nervous system in the scolex and neck region of
      Hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A
      description of the gross neuroanatomy in these regions of the worm is presented.
      The ganglia, commissures and nerve cords consist of an incomplete cortex of nerve
      cell bodies, and a core of nerve fibres. A delimiting sheath or capsule is
      absent. The nerve cell bodies contain a single nucleus with a single nucleolus,
      mitochondria, many ribosomes, Golgi complexes and vesicles formed within the
      Golgi cisternae. Numerous sub-surface cisternae are present beneath the outer
      plasma membrane of the nerve cell body, and the inner surfaces of these cisternae
      are studded with ribosomes. Some of the cisternae run tangentially into the
      cytoplasm of the perikaryon, particularly in the vicinity of the Golgi complexes;
      both sides of these cisternae are studded with ribosomes. From each neuronal
      perikaryon arise one or more neurites that contain neurotubules, mitochondria,
      ribosomes and electron-lucent or dense-cored vesicles. Five types of vesicle have
      been distinguished on the basis of their size and content. The neurites are
      unmyelinated and form synapses in the neuropile; the synapses possess features
      typical of those where mechanical strength is of importance. Three types of
      sensory receptors have been observed in H. nana, two ciliated and one non
      ciliated; the latter typically form double or triple nerve endings which
      terminate within the tegument.

PMID- 6835704
TI  - Feeding the premature infant--general principles.

PMID- 6835705
TI  - Neonatal nurse clinicians--a role with a future.

PMID- 6835706
TI  - Neonatology in the community hospital.

PMID- 6835708
TI  - Biophysical tests of fetal well being.

PMID- 6835707
TI  - Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM): a neonatal approach.
AB  - The risks to the infant following prolonged premature rupture of the amniotic
      membranes are those of prematurity and infection. After the 36th week of
      pregnancy, healthy infants of healthy mothers may be treated as uninfected
      neonates, as their risk of infection does not appear to be significant. Before
      this gestational age, infants should receive a complete laboratory evaluation for
      infection, including blood culture and spinal fluid examination, and antibiotic
      therapy should not be withheld until these laboratory tests are reported to the
      clinician. While the indiscriminate use of antibiotic treatment should be
      avoided, sepsis in the newborn can be a rapidly progressive disease, with minimal
      physical and laboratory findings at its onset. Therefore, until some method of
      laboratory evaluation that will detect all cases of neonatal sepsis rapidly, and
      leave no infected infant unidentified, the clinician must be alerted to the
      presence of an infant delivered after PROM and institute the appropriate
      evaluation and treatment as soon as possible.

PMID- 6835709
TI  - Neonatal cranial ultrasound.

PMID- 6835710
TI  - Relating genetics diagnoses and counseling to the community hospital.

PMID- 6835711
TI  - Growth and maturation of patients with Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 6835712
TI  - Mucus glycoproteins secreted by respiratory epithelial tissue from cystic
      fibrosis patients.
AB  - Tracheae, bronchi, nasal epithelial, and nasal polyp tissue slices were incubated
      in tissue culture with [3H]-glucosamine, and the rate of secretion of labeled
      mucus glycoproteins was measured. Secretion rates were at least 3- to 6-fold
      higher for all of the samples from nine patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who
      were studied, as compared with values for tissue slices from eight young subjects
      not affected with this disease. The secreted glycoproteins were further purified
      into one neutral and three acidic fractions by ion-exchange chromatography on
      DEAE-cellulose. The glycoproteins secreted by respiratory epithelial tissue from
      cystic fibrosis subjects contained relatively more of two acidic glycoprotein
      fractions. Double-label experiments with both [3H]-glucosamine and [35S]-sulfate
      as mucus glycoprotein precursors further substantiated the shift to more acidic
      components in the purified mucus glycoproteins and, in addition, suggested a
      higher level of sulfation of these same two acidic glycoprotein fractions. All
      four of the labeled glycoprotein fractions secreted by cultured human bronchi
      cochromatographed with authentic mucus glycoproteins purified from sputum of
      cystic fibrosis subjects by the same techniques. The differences between mucus
      glycoproteins from cultured CF airway tissue and mucus glycoproteins from other
      patients' tissue included relatively increased rates of production, level of
      sulfation, and greater acidity. Further applications of these in vitro techniques
      should allow the determination of the enzymatic and biochemical causes of these
      observed differences in the absence of such potentially confounding variables as
      concurrent airway infection or of oropharyngeal secretions.

PMID- 6835713
TI  - Sleep respiratory instability in term neonates under hyperthermic conditions:
      age, sex, type of feeding, and rapid eye movements.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal age, sex, type
      of feeding, and rapid eye movements on the occurrence of apneic pauses during
      sleep in a hyperthermic environment. One hundred and twenty fullterm infants
      (equally divided by sex and type of feeding) were observed during a complete nap
      within the first and approximately fourth wk of life. Each sleep session was
      characterized by twenty-one measures including the longest apneic pause, mean
      apnea duration, relative frequency of apnea, apnea periodicity, respiratory rate,
      and relative frequency of REM epochs. The relative frequency of REM epochs
      decreased with age and was greater in formula-fed (versus breast-fed) infants.
      The longest apneic pauses were greater in the first wk of life and in breast-fed
      infants. In addition, the average Longest Duration:REM was greater than the
      average Longest Duration:NREM. Of potential importance was the demonstration that
      this latter effect was greater in the first wk than in the fourth wk of life.
      Breast-fed infants and females had larger apnea Mean Duration scores. The
      relative frequency of apneic pauses (greater than or equal to 2 sec in duration),
      periodicity, and the relative amount of apnea were greater in the fourth-wk study
      and in breast-fed infants. The relative frequency of apneic pauses greater than
      or equal to 6 sec in duration (Apnea6%) and the A6/D% measure were greater in
      breast-fed infants. Numerous interactions were observed between age, sex, and
      type of feeding. Respiratory rate decreased with age and was greater during NREM
      epochs and in formula-fed infants.

PMID- 6835714
TI  - L-Proline transport by isolated renal tubules from newborn and adult rats.
AB  - Proline uptake and metabolism has been examined in newborn Sprague-Dawley rat
      kidney and compared to that in adult animals. [14C]-Proline uptake by renal
      tubule fragments from newborn rats occurs at the same initial rate as in adult
      tubules, but at physiologic concentrations achieves significantly higher
      intracellular levels after 15 min of incubation. Considerable metabolism of the
      proline taken up was observed in tissue of both ages. Analysis of acid soluble
      and insoluble tubule fractions from newborn and adults indicates similar degrees
      of proline incorporation into protein and oxidation to CO2 relative to the amount
      of radioactivity taken up. A major difference exists, however, with respect to
      the labeled components of the acid extract: adult tubules convert [14C]-proline
      to metabolites at a rate twice that of newborn. Analysis of concentration
      dependent uptake data reveals two distinct entry systems for proline in both
      isolated newborn and adult tubules. No difference in the Km or Vmax was found
      between the young and mature tubules.

PMID- 6835715
TI  - Influence of exogenous glucagon on fetal glucose metabolism and ketone
      production.
AB  - Acute glucagon injections were performed in chronically catheterized fetal lambs
      in late gestation to assess the fetal metabolic response to exogenous glucagon
      infusion. Glucagon dosages between 1 microgram/kg and 1 mg/kg induced significant
      fetal hyperglycemia by 15-30 min postinjection, with peak glucose values 130-180%
      of control. Increasing responsivity to the same dose/kg was noted to parallel
      increasing gestational age. In selected preparations in which umbilical venous
      catheters were implanted, glucagon injection caused an acute fall in the
      glucose/oxygen quotient and net umbilical glucose consumption. The fall in
      glucose consumption to 8% of control values occurred within 15 min of injection
      and suggests acute fetal glucose excretion, probably secondary to hepatic
      glycogenolysis. Glucagon injection in the neonatal lamb caused qualitatively
      similar increases in plasma glucose concentration but the quantitative responses
      were considerably greater. No change in fetal beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB)
      concentration was noted after injection; nor did the fetal uptake or excretion of
      this ketone change. The neonatal beta-OHB concentration was significantly
      different (P less than 0.001) from fetal concentrations and did rise 14% above
      control after glucagon injection; thus, elevation of plasma glucagon in the fetus
      causes an acute hyperglycemia but, unlike the adult, does not induce a
      significant ketogenesis.

PMID- 6835716
TI  - The effect of processing and storage on key enzymes, B vitamins, and lipids of
      mature human milk. I. Evaluation of fresh samples and effects of freezing and
      frozen storage.
AB  - A study was initiated to evaluate the effects of several methods of processing
      and storage on key enzymes, B vitamins, and lipid components of mature human
      milk. In order to establish standard values for the nutrient components with
      which to compare processed samples, a total of 30 individual raw samples of
      mature human milk were analyzed. There was considerable sample to sample
      variation as indicated by the large range of values for each component. Freezing
      and frozen storage had little effect on the enzymes of pooled samples of milk.
      Lactoperoxidase activity decreased from 36 in raw pooled samples to 17 in pooled
      samples slow frozen and stored for 3 months at -25 degrees C (P less than 0.05).
      Similarly, quick freezing and storage for 3 months significantly decreased the
      lactoperoxidase activity of pooled samples from 93 to 14 (P less than 0.05).
      Quick freezing and frozen storage tended to increase lipase activity although the
      changes were not significant. Freezing and frozen storage did not significantly
      affect the levels of biotin, niacin, and folic acid. Similarly, the total lipid
      fatty acid level and relative % of each fatty acid were not significantly
      different in the frozen samples as compared to the raw samples.

PMID- 6835717
TI  - Human intestinal mucin in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Human intestinal mucins from six subjects with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and eight
      subjects without CF were prepared from tissue obtained at surgery (one case) and
      postmortem. Subjects were not age-matched, but the nonCF mucin was obtained from
      subjects with ages which bracketed those of the CF subjects. Cesium chloride
      analytical gradient ultracentrifugation showed that CF mucins were generally
      denser than nonCF mucins. Sedimentation coefficients were also higher in the CF
      samples. CF mucins were enriched in fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and
      total carbohydrate per mg protein and per oligosaccharide chain (mole/mole
      GalNAc). Fucose/sialic acid molar ratios were significantly higher in CF mucins,
      and the average oligosaccharide chain length was approximately three residues
      greater in CF as compared with nonCF mucins. There was no difference in amino
      acid profiles or the number of side chains per molecule. The mean sulfate content
      was higher in the CF mucins but not to a level of significance; however, in the
      eight mucins, sulfate content correlated positively with total carbohydrate, N
      acetylglucosamine and galactose, and therefore increased with oligosaccharide
      chain length. CF intestinal mucin was therefore denser and more highly
      glycosylated than nonCF musin and probably contained more sulfate. The increase
      in glycosylation resulted from a rise in fucose, galactose, and N
      acetylglucosamine without a concomitant rise in sialic acid.

PMID- 6835720
TI  - 25(OH) vitamin D3 and early neonatal hypocalcemia in preterm infants.

PMID- 6835718
TI  - Brain blood flow and O2 delivery during hemorrhagic hypotension in the piglet.

PMID- 6835719
TI  - Early ontogeny of iodocompound-processing neural systems in rat brain.
AB  - The distribution and localization of iodocompounds reaching the brain during
      early development were measured in rat pups nurtured on [125I]-containing milk
      from dams receiving daily [125I]-iodide injections. The regimen produced no
      measurable changes in growth and development of the offspring during the nursing
      period. Pup brains accumulated labeled iodocompounds at a faster rate than they
      grew and accumulated protein. The ratio of [125I]-iodocompounds in cerebrum
      relative to skeletal muscle increased progressively from day 11 through day 19.
      Significant differences in distribution of radioactivity in different brain
      regions were evident on day 1; developmental progress was associated with
      significantly different rates of regional accumulation of the isotope. On day 1
      only 10% of the radioactivity in the postnuclear supernatant phase of brain
      homogenates was particle-bound; at the time of weaning, radioactivity in brain
      particles accounted for more than 50%. Growing nerve cell processes and myelin,
      known to be major targets of early thyroid hormone deficiency or excess, were
      also the major subcellular sites of [125I]-iodocompound localization in the
      developing rat brain. Overall, the ontogeny reflected progressive elaboration of
      iodocompound-processing neural systems resembling those recently recognized in
      adult brain.

PMID- 6835721
TI  - Absence of modifications of the enzyme defense system against oxygen toxicity in
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) has recently been linked to the group of human diseases in
      which cultured fibroblasts express premature aging. As the deleterious effect of
      oxygen derivatives in the cell is one of the numerous pathways associated with
      cell aging, the activity of the enzymatic defense system, superoxide dismutase
      (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), was examined
      in the erythrocytes of 12 CF children and was compared to age-matched normal
      controls. No significant differences were found in CF children when compared to
      the controls. Glutathione-S-transferase was also assayed, but the significant
      difference found between CF children and normal controls is probably not specific
      of CF as it is found in other pathologic situations such as hyperbilirubinemia or
      renal insufficiency.

PMID- 6835723
TI  - Effects of aminophylline on respiratory center and reflex activity in premature
      infants with apnea.
AB  - Fourteen preterm infants with apnea (body weight, 1052 +/- 44 g; gestational age,
      30.2 +/- 0.5 wks; and postnatal age, 9.9 +/- 1.5 days) were studied in an effort
      to evaluate the effects of aminophylline on respiratory center output and
      respiratory reflex activity in the preterm infant with idiopathic apnea. This was
      done by using the airway occlusion technique. The infants were studied before and
      48 h after aminophylline was begun as a treatment for apnea. Occlusion pressure,
      which reflects respiratory center output, was measured at 100 msec after
      occlusion started (P100) and at its maximum (Pmo). P100 increased from 2.4 +/-
      0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.2 cmH2O (P less than 0.005), and Pmo from 6.1 +/- 0.7 to 8.8 +/-
      1.0 cmH2O (P less than 0.001) after aminophylline therapy was started. The %
      prolongation of inspiratory time during the occluded breaths, when compared to
      the unoccluded breaths increased from 26.2 +/- 10.6 to 55.8 +/- 12.5% (P less
      than 0.01). This reflects a significant increase in the strength of the Hering
      Breuer reflex. Effective elastance, a measure of respiratory load compensation,
      was significantly higher during aminophylline treatment. It increased from 1.09
      +/- 0.14 to 1.33 +/- 0.14 cmH2O/ml (P less than 0.02).

PMID- 6835725
TI  - Activated charcoal decreases plasma bilirubin levels in the hyperbilirubinemic
      rat.
AB  - The effectiveness of phototherapy and activated charcoal feeding for reducing
      plasma bilirubin concentrations was studied in the hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rat.
      The feeding of charcoal alone was just as effective in reducing plasma bilirubin
      concentrations as continuous phototherapy. An additive effect on reducing plasma
      bilirubin concentration was observed when phototherapy and the feeding of
      charcoal were administered together. The feeding of a 5% charcoal diet to
      weanling Gunn rats for 8 wk had no effect on growth rate.

PMID- 6835724
TI  - Increased bone turnover with decreased bone formation by osteoblasts in children
      with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda.
AB  - Iliac crest bone biopsies from nine children (6-15 yrs old) with osteogenesis
      imperfecta tarda (OI) have been studied by bone histomorphometry after double
      fluorescent labeling with tetracycline and compared to five unlabeled biopsies
      from normal children in the same age group. The results indicate that children
      with OI have a low trabecular bone volume associated with an increased bone
      turnover rate. Bone formation is increased at the tissue level despite a decrease
      in the activity of individual osteoblasts. The original defects in OI seems,
      therefore, to be in the rate of matrix synthesis by osteoblasts. It is, however,
      compensated by an increase in the number of these cells. These results suggest
      that these children were not losing bone at the time of the biopsy, which fits
      with the clinical stability of OI with age. Our study therefore suggests that the
      osteopenia observed in OI is most likely due to an inability to accumulate bone
      during growth, as normal children do, rather than to a progressive net loss of
      bone.

PMID- 6835726
TI  - The effects of salt loading on the renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure in
      the newborn lamb.

PMID- 6835722
TI  - Chemotaxis in childhood.
AB  - Developmental aspects of monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis were evaluated by the
      agarose and the Boyden chamber methods. Simultaneous measurements of both the
      distances and the cell counts were carried out by the agarose method. Before 6
      years of age monocyte chemotaxis values, determined by the Boyden chamber method,
      were significantly lower than those of adults. The difference between adults and
      children were more marked before the age of 1 year (56 +/- 14 microns N = 48 in 0
      1 year, 85 +/- 17 microns N = 25 in adults P less than 0.0001). Neutrophil
      chemotaxis, determined by the agarose method, was significantly lower than adults
      in newborns. Values increased gradually thereafter and reached to adult levels
      after the age period of 2-5 years. Before 6 years of age chemotactic indices
      (chemotaxis/random migration) for both cell count and distance were also
      significantly lower than adults. In 20 individuals, neutrophil chemotaxis was
      assessed simultaneously by both the agarose and the Boyden chamber methods and
      showed good correlation in reference to distance measurements (P less than 0.01).
      Cell count and distance measurements, by the agarose method, were also well
      correlated (P less than 0.01) but agarose method and cell count determination
      seemed to be most sensitive. Distance/cell count ratio was found to be
      significantly higher in newborns (1.61 +/- 0.45) when compared with adults (1.13
      +/- 0.16) (P less than 0.001). Use of age-matched controls in the evaluation of
      chemotaxis in children, particularly under 5 years of age, is imperative.

PMID- 6835727
TI  - Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists on apnea reflexes in newborn lambs.
AB  - The laryngeal chemoreflex and the trigeminal diving reflex were studied in
      unanesthetized newborn lambs. Water stimulation of the laryngeal chemoreflex
      resulted in apnea, bradycardia, hypertension, and blood flow redistribution in
      the dive pattern. This response was significantly reduced after treatment with
      beta-adrenergic agonists, e.g., terbutaline. The response to laryngeal saline
      stimulation was not significantly altered by beta-adrenergic agonists. A similar
      response to trigeminal dive reflex stimulation elicited through cooling of the
      snout was also significantly reduced by terbutaline. Propranolol, a beta
      adrenergic antagonist, reversed the terbutaline-induced effect on the laryngeal
      chemoreflex response. Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve resulted in a
      reflex response comparable to that from laryngeal water stimulation. The reflex
      response was also attenuated by terbutaline, which indicates that the action of
      terbutaline is not on the laryngeal chemoreceptors. A possible direct effect from
      beta-adrenergic agonists on the respiratory center is suggested by a latency of
      15-30 min before the reflex response was reduced after intravenous but not
      intrathecal administration. An effect of terbutaline via the arterial
      chemoreceptors is also possible.

PMID- 6835728
TI  - Development of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in the newborn guinea
      pig.

PMID- 6835729
TI  - Pulmonary petechiae: ventilatory-circulatory interactions.

PMID- 6835730
TI  - Zinc transport in human fibroblasts: kinetics and effects of ligands.

PMID- 6835731
TI  - High-frequency ventilation in premature infants with lung disease: adequate gas
      exchange at low tracheal pressure.
AB  - The technique of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) was used in ten infants with
      severe respiratory distress syndrome and five infants with pulmonary interstitial
      emphysema (PIE). The mean frequency used was 12 Hz (720/min). Peak tracheal
      pressure for the infants with respiratory distress syndrome was 28 +/- 4 (SD) cm
      H2O on conventional ventilation, and 22 +/- 4 cm H2O on HFV (P less than .05).
      For the infants with PIE, peak tracheal pressure decreased from 38 +/- 11 to 24
      +/- 5 cm H2O (P less than .05). Mean tracheal pressure was the same for the two
      types of ventilation. No adverse clinical or pathologic side effects were seen.
      Clinical and radiologic improvements were seen in the infants with PIE after
      initiation of HFV. It is believed that these improvements in the patients with
      PIE were secondary to the decrease in tracheal pressure and that HFV may have a
      role in treatment of preexisting barotrauma and its prevention. These studies
      contribute to the preliminary data necessary before controlled trials of HFV in
      infants with respiratory distress syndrome and PIE can be carried out.

PMID- 6835732
TI  - Neonatal outcome: is adolescent pregnancy a risk factor?
AB  - It has been widely reported that adolescent mothers are more likely to experience
      poor pregnancy outcome, especially low-birth-weight and/or premature infants.
      Recent data suggest that this poor outcome may be attributed to confounding
      health and social characteristics of adolescent mothers. A study of maternal
      health and neonatal development at Boston City Hospital provided an opportunity
      to assess whether adolescent mothers deliver infants with poorer outcomes at
      birth than nonadolescents independent of numerous social and health differences
      between adolescent and nonadolescent mothers. A total of 275 infants of
      primiparous adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years) were compared at birth with 423
      infants of primiparous nonadolescents. Size at birth, length of gestation, Apgar
      scores, and birth trauma were examined. The only statistically significant
      difference between the two groups was that adolescent mothers delivered infants
      whose mean weight was 94 g less (P less than .03) than infants of nonadolescent
      mothers. Multiple and logistic regression analyses demonstrated that several
      health and social factors, but not adolescent status, were independently
      associated with the measures of adverse infant outcome. A subsequent regression
      analysis demonstrated similarly that being a younger adolescent (16 years and
      younger) did not independently predict low birth weight at delivery or other
      measured adverse neonatal outcomes. These data support the view that health and
      social factors are more important to poor fetal outcome among primiparous mothers
      than adolescent status. Some of the health factors are amenable to clinical
      intervention.

PMID- 6835734
TI  - Double-blind evaluation of methylprednisolone versus placebo for acute asthma
      episodes.
AB  - Twenty-eight children with persistent bronchospasm after outpatient therapy were
      treated for eight days with methylprednisolone or placebo in a prerandomized
      double-blind manner, in addition to treatment with optimal oral bronchodilators.
      At follow-up visits 1, 7, and 14 days after onset of therapy, a history was taken
      and physical examination and pulmonary function tests were performed. Initially
      and on the 14th day, patients underwent cosyntropin tests of adrenal function.
      Patients kept daily peak flow charts. Both groups improved with time. However, by
      24 hours after starting methylprednisolone therapy, the placebo group continued
      to show reversibility after isoproterenol inhalation whereas the
      methylprednisolone group did not. By day 7 there were significantly more patients
      with normal 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow
      in the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%) in the
      methylprednisolone group and mean FEF25-75% was significantly higher for this
      group (P less than .02). By day 14, six days after finishing treatment with the
      study drugs, more patients in the placebo group had residual wheezing, but
      pulmonary function tests were now similar for the two groups. Although both
      groups showed a decline in cosyntropin responsiveness on day 14 compared with day
      1, there was no difference between the steroid- and placebo-treated patients.
      This study proves that short-term corticosteroid therapy will accelerate
      resolution of moderately severe and severe-acute attacks of asthma without
      significant suppression of adrenal function.

PMID- 6835735
TI  - Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and
      blood pressure.
AB  - Weight and blood pressure changes were evaluated in a 16-month controlled trial
      comparing three methods of involving mothers in the treatment of their obese
      adolescents (aged 12 to 16 years). The treatments were: (1) Mother-Child
      Separately--children and mothers attended separate groups; (2) Mother-Child
      Together--the children and mothers met together in the same group; and (3) Child
      Alone--the children met in groups and mothers were not involved. The program
      consisted of behavior modification, social support, nutrition, and exercise. The
      Mother-Child Separately group lost more weight (8.4 kg) during treatment than did
      the other two groups (5.3 and 3.3 kg). Differences between the groups increased
      at the 1-year follow-up: compared to pretreatment weight, the Mother-Child
      Separately group lost 7.7 kg compared with gains of approximately 3 kg in the
      other two groups. Blood pressures of children with the highest initial pressures
      decreased by 16/9 mm Hg at the end of treatment and by 16/5 mm Hg at the 1-year
      follow-up. These results suggest that a program of behavior modification and
      parent involvement can lead to significant weight losses in obese children, and
      that the nature of parent involvement may be important.

PMID- 6835736
TI  - Decline in neonatal mortality, 1968 to 1977: better babies or better care?
AB  - A state's declining neonatal mortality rate was studied over the decade 1968 to
      1977 to determine how much of the decrease resulted from improved risk
      characteristics in the newborn population. A shift was found over time, mostly
      among white births, toward higher birth weights and longer gestations. Overall,
      there was a 19% reduction in the low-birth-weight rate. Considerable improvement
      in birth weight-specific mortality was also found, especially in babies weighing
      1,000 to 2,500 g during the last 5 years of the study. A neonatal risk matrix
      model was applied to the changes over time to separate the improvement due to
      shifts in population risk characteristics from that due to better care of the
      newborn. Thirty-four percent of the decade's decrease in NMR was attributable to
      changes in the birth weight and gestational age makeup of the newborn population.
      This "better babies" component was more prominent early in the decade and among
      the white population.

PMID- 6835733
TI  - Another myth: reduced hospital visiting by inner-city mothers.
AB  - Hospitalization of young children produces stress that can be reduced by the
      presence of a parent. Inner-city parents, however, are generally believed to
      visit the hospital less often than more affluent parents. At Boston City Hospital
      pediatric nursing and medical staff (N = 60) were surveyed to obtain their
      impressions of maternal visiting and its determinants; then 80/94 consecutive
      admissions of children less than age 5 years were surveyed to record the mothers'
      actual visiting times. Each mother was interviewed to determine sociodemographic
      status, her perception of her child's behavior, and her perception about
      visiting. The staff believed that few mothers (20%) would visit more than 4 h/d,
      but the study showed that nearly three times this many mothers did visit more
      than 4 h/d. The median visit length was five hours, and 20% of the mothers roomed
      in at least once. Contrary to staff expectations, neither job nor child care
      responsibilities were related to visit length. Mothers who thought visits helped
      their children visited longer (10.6 v 5.3 hours, P less than .001). Contrary to
      staff beliefs, most inner-city mothers successfully overcame external and
      emotional barriers to visiting their hospitalized children. Staff input and an
      educational effort might facilitate longer visits by the one third of mothers who
      did not recognize the importance of their visiting their children.

PMID- 6835737
TI  - Incidence, severity, and timing of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhages
      in preterm infants born in a perinatal unit as detected by serial real-time
      ultrasound.
AB  - Real-time ultrasound scans were performed on 66 low-birth-weight infants within
      the first six hours of life (mean, two hours), and then at 12, 24, 48, and 72
      hours, and thereafter at weekly intervals. All of the infants were born in a
      perinatal unit. The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and subependymal
      hemorrhage was 31%. Eight of 20 infants had small hemorrhages (Papile, grades I
      and II); seven infants sustained grade III hemorrhages, and five infants
      sustained grade IV hemorrhages. All hemorrhages occurred in the first 72 hours of
      life; 25% were diagnosed with the first scan (ie, within the first six hours of
      life). The infants especially at risk were those less than 29 weeks' gestation.
      Five infants developed progressive posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly that subsided
      spontaneously by age 8 weeks. The mortality in the study group was only 4.5%.

PMID- 6835738
TI  - Ultrasonic demonstration of ectopic ureterocele.
AB  - The gray scale ultrasound findings in two children with ectopic ureterocele are
      presented and correlated with traditional radiographic findings. In one case, the
      diagnosis was made in utero, utilizing ultrasound. The examination is noninvasive
      and performed quickly, and it may be able to replace the intravenous pyelogram in
      the initial evaluation of patients suspected of having such congenital anomalies.
      Retrograde cystography will still be necessary to detect vesicoureteral reflux.

PMID- 6835739
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and delayed puberty: a report of three cases and their
      response to therapy.
AB  - Delayed puberty occurred in three patients (aged 15 to 22 years) with elevated
      prolactin levels. Despite the varying etiologies, their clinical presentations
      were marked by absence of galactorrhea, prepubertal genitalia (2/3), and short
      stature (1/3). Except for hyperprolactinemia, endocrinologic evaluation was
      normal in two patients. Bromocriptine restored prolactin levels to normal in all
      three patients, two of whom had prior transsphenoidal surgery, and resulted in
      initiation of menses in one girl and pubertal development in both boys. The 22
      year-old male patient with the empty sella syndrome has progressed through
      puberty after the addition of oral testosterone.

PMID- 6835740
TI  - Cutaneous amebiasis.
AB  - An infant with cutaneous amebiasis of the vulva and amebic liver abscess is
      described. Epidemiologic investigations and serologic studies were crucial in
      establishing the diagnosis. The vulvar amebic ulcers responded dramatically to
      metronidazole therapy. Cutaneous amebiasis is a rare complication of Entamoeba
      histolytica infection which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      perineovulvar or penile ulcers. Cutaneous amebiasis may also occur on the
      abdominal wall surrounding a draining hepatic abscess, colostomy site, or
      laparotomy incision.

PMID- 6835741
TI  - Body shape in young children with homozygous sickle cell disease.
AB  - Body shape, defined by detailed anthropometric measurement, was compared in 64
      children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease, and in 123 children with a
      normal hemoglobin (AA) genotype, aged 4 to 6 years. Children with homozygous
      sickle cell disease showed an average reduction in weight, height, sitting
      height, limb length, interacromial and intercristal diameters, and skinfold
      thickness. They showed increased anteroposterior chest diameters with an
      increased anteroposterior-lateral chest diameter ratio. This report establishes
      that the effect of homozygous sickle cell disease on growth patterns in childhood
      is apparent before the age of 6 years. The relationship to changes in body shape,
      seen during adolescence and in affected adults, and their possible determinants,
      are discussed.

PMID- 6835742
TI  - Hemoperfusion in theophylline neurotoxicity.
AB  - Four patients with severe theophylline toxicity (theophylline levels of 60 to 180
      micrograms/ml) are reported. Three patients with neurotoxicity were treated with
      hemoperfusion. Two of these were hemoperfused early after the onset of seizures;
      they recovered with no neurologic deficit. In the third patient hemoperfusion was
      delayed for 16 hours after uncontrolled seizures; severe brain damage resulted.
      The fourth patient, who had the highest peak theophylline level but no seizures,
      was successfully treated with conservative management and peritoneal dialysis.
      The role of hemoperfusion in severe theophylline intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 6835743
TI  - Daytime television viewing by hospitalized children: the effect of alternative
      programming.
AB  - In response to an earlier survey indicating that hospitalized children were
      indiscriminately watching excessive amounts of commercial television, a closed
      circuit television station was instituted at the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg.
      The station offered patients commercial-free children's programming between 9 AM
      and 5 PM, including a daily one-hour live broadcast. In order to evaluate the
      effect of this station on children's television-viewing patterns, a second survey
      of the quantity and quality of daytime television viewing was carried out. This
      evaluative survey demonstrated an overall increase in television viewing, but a
      decrease in exposure to the potentially harmful effects of commercial television
      inasmuch as an average of nearly half of the children's viewing time was devoted
      to the hospital station. A dramatic increase in the viewing of children's
      programs (mean 43 v 147 minutes daily for the first and second surveys,
      respectively) along with additional viewing pattern data suggest that the closed
      circuit station successfully filled a void for the patients. Overall the data
      indicated that alternative programming for pediatric patients has an enormous
      potential for alleviating the boredom and anxiety of hospitalized children.

PMID- 6835744
TI  - International Symposium on Measles Immunization: summary and recommendations.

PMID- 6835745
TI  - Adoption: an option for the imperfect child.

PMID- 6835746
TI  - RLQ pain = surgery?

PMID- 6835747
TI  - Testosterone need questioned.

PMID- 6835748
TI  - A partially blind study.

PMID- 6835749
TI  - Kasai procedure and vitamin E.

PMID- 6835750
TI  - Russell-Silver syndrome and XXY syndrome.

PMID- 6835751
TI  - Circumcision continues.

PMID- 6835752
TI  - Likelihood ratio, skull roentgenograms, and clinical decision-making.

PMID- 6835753
TI  - Two siblings with recurrent cardiorespiratory arrest: Munchausen syndrome by
      proxy or child abuse?
AB  - The terms "Munchausen syndrome by proxy" or "Polle syndrome" have been used to
      describe children who are victims of parentally induced or fabricated illness.
      This report gives case histories of two siblings (a 7-month-old girl and a 4-year
      old boy) with recurrent episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest that were induced by
      a mother who skillfully resuscitated the children and who demonstrated model
      parental behavior. Polygraphic monitoring with hidden camera was used to
      determine that the episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest were parentally induced
      in the infant. The 4-year-old sibling had previously undergone multiple
      diagnostic and surgical procedures. After the diagnosis was made in the infant,
      and the mother was no longer permitted to be alone with the children, neither
      child had further episodes. A psychologic profile of the mother is presented, and
      special features of these two and other cases in the literature are reviewed.
      These cases represent a form of child abuse. A parentally induced illness should
      be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual illnesses with bizarre
      features, even when the parent's behavior appears exemplary.

PMID- 6835754
TI  - 'Near-miss' for sudden infant death syndrome infants: a clinical problem.
AB  - Three hundred six infants were referred for evaluation of "near-miss" sudden
      infant death syndrome (SIDS) from 1973 to 1980. Following the hospitalization and
      medical evaluation, there were 156 infants (115 term and 41 preterm) for whom
      there was no explanation for the presenting event and who were considered near
      miss infants; 88% of these infants were seen during the first 3 months of life. A
      repeat near-miss event was reported in 63% (term) and 83% (preterm) infants.
      Twelve percent of term infants and 17% of the preterm infants had ten or more
      repeat events. A home apnea/cardiac monitor was prescribed for 88% of the infants
      for an average duration of 5.6 months in term infants and 3.5 months in preterm
      infants. Monitoring had been discontinued in 69% of the infants by 7 months of
      age. One full-term infant was later a SIDS victim. The risk of a repeat near-miss
      event is concluded to be sufficiently great to demand immediate hospitalization,
      medical evaluation, home monitoring when there is no specific treatment, and
      close clinical follow-up. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether there
      is any long-term morbidity for infants who have had near miss events.

PMID- 6835755
TI  - Infant apnea: polygraphic studies and follow-up monitoring.
AB  - Twenty-six infants with unexplained and apparently life-threatening apnea were
      evaluated clinically, underwent eight- or 12-hour polygraphic recordings during
      sleep, and were then observed on home monitors. The one exception was an infant
      who was treated with theophylline and not monitored at home. Clinical evaluation
      revealed a history of vomiting in 19 infants, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on
      esophagram in 19, and subtle neurologic abnormalities in ten. Polygraphic studies
      revealed questionable EEG abnormalities in nine infants, abnormal rapid eye
      movement (REM) time in four, prolonged apnea in one, and increased frequency of
      brief mixed (central and obstructive) and obstructive apneas in five. Of the 11
      infants who underwent pH monitoring during their polygraphic sleep studies, seven
      had at least one recorded episode of GER, but the episodes were not accompanied
      by apnea or bradycardia. Thirteen infants had a subsequent episode of apnea that
      required stimulation, and in eight infants, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was
      given. There was two deaths. Two infants subsequently developed seizure
      disorders. Three of the five infants who underwent surgical fundoplication had
      recurrent apneic episodes. GER commonly occurred in these infant apnea patients
      but did not correlate with the clinical outcome. Although subtle abnormalities
      may be detected by sophisticated polygraphic monitoring studies, they are not
      predictive of recurrent apnea or death. Home monitoring may be useful in
      detecting the infant at risk for recurrent life-threatening apnea and in
      providing some safeguard for that infant.

PMID- 6835756
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea and its therapy: clinical and polysomnographic
      manifestations.
AB  - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was studied in 32 children, aged 2 to 14 years,
      in the sleep-wake disorders center at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center
      during the years 1977 to 1980. All children underwent all-night polysomnograms;
      17 of these children had surgery to relieve airway obstruction and seven had a
      repeat polysomnographic study 4 to 6 weeks following the surgery. There was a
      significant improvement in the number of obstructive apneas and in other apnea
      indices following surgery. There was no significant effect on the durations and
      the proportions of the various sleep stages, on sleep efficiency, or on the
      number of awakenings.

PMID- 6835757
TI  - Death of a child at home or in the hospital: subsequent psychological adjustment
      of the family.
AB  - Twenty-four families who had participated in a Home Care Program for children
      terminally ill with cancer and 13 families of similar children who had died in
      the hospital completed inventories on parent and sibling personality as well as
      family functioning three to 29 months after the child's death. Parents of
      patients who received terminal care in the hospital were more anxious, depressed,
      and defensive and had greater tendencies toward somatic and interpersonal
      problems than parents of patients in the Home Care Program. Siblings of patients
      who received terminal care in the hospital were more emotionally inhibited,
      withdrawn, and fearful than their counterparts in the Home Care Program. Although
      some group differences in parental personality may have antedated terminal care,
      these results confirm parental reports of more adequate family adjustment
      following participation in a structured Home Care Program.

PMID- 6835758
TI  - Long-term outcome of children with severe head trauma and prolonged coma.
AB  - Forty-six children with significant head trauma who remained in coma more than 24
      hours were the subjects of this long-term outcome study. Twelve (38%) died. The
      average length of coma in the 34 survivors was 15.5 days. Follow-up ranged from 9
      months to 4 years (mean 21 months). Twenty-nine percent of the survivors were
      normal at follow-up. An additional 53% had mild cognitive or behavioral problems,
      but 61% of these had evidence of similar problems prior to the injury. Nine
      percent of survivors had motor residua but normal intellect. Nine percent had
      severe intellectual and motor problems. Children less than 2 years of age had a
      worse outcome. Despite severe injury and prolonged coma after head trauma, most
      children do well. Intensive medical and surgical care increases the rate of
      survival and does not result in a large number of severely disabled survivors.

PMID- 6835759
TI  - Hypertension screening in the follow-up of premature infants.
AB  - Results of hypertension screening using the Doppler technique in a group of
      premature infants following discharge from an intensive care nursery are
      reported. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured at follow-up in 79/99
      premature infants who were cared for in the special care nursery over a 9-month
      period. The mean BP was 99.3 +/- 2.0 (SEM) mm Hg at a mean age of 14.7 +/- 1.3
      weeks; mean age corrected for 40 weeks of gestation was 7.4 +/- 1.3 weeks. Seven
      infants (8.9%) with BP greater than 113 on three separate occasions were
      identified as hypertensive. Three of these hypertensive infants were found to
      have a specific etiology requiring treatment: neuroblastoma, coarctation of the
      aorta, and unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. No difference was found
      between the hypertensive and normotensive infants for a variety of perinatal and
      neonatal factors, including the presence or duration of an umbilical arterial
      catheter. These data suggest that the premature infant may be at risk for the
      development of hypertension. In the future, neonatal follow-up programs may find
      hypertension screening a useful part of their evaluation.

PMID- 6835760
TI  - Predictability of esophageal injury from signs and symptoms: a study of caustic
      ingestion in 378 children.
AB  - The accuracy of signs and symptoms as predictors of the presence and severity of
      esophageal injury was evaluated in 378 children admitted to three pediatric
      hospitals between 1970 and 1980. The signs and symptoms analyzed included nausea,
      vomiting, dysphagia, refusal to drink, abdominal pain, increased salivation,
      oropharyngeal burns, and abdominal tenderness. The severity of lesions found at
      esophagoscopy in 378 children was graded from grade 0, no lesion, to grade 3,
      perforation. Of the 298 patients demonstrating signs or symptoms, 243 (82%) had a
      grade 0 or 1 lesion, 55 (18%) had a grade 2 lesion, none had a grade 3 lesion,
      and five (2%) developed a stricture of the esophagus. Among the 80 patients
      without signs or symptoms, 70 (88%) had a grade 0 or 1 lesion, ten (12%) had a
      grade 2 lesion, none had a grade 3 lesion, and one (1%) developed a stricture of
      the esophagus. When individual signs or symptoms were correlated with the
      severity of esophageal lesion, vomiting (33%) followed by dysphagia (25%),
      excessive salivation (24%), and abdominal pain (24%) were most frequently
      associated with a grade 2 or 3 esophageal lesion. A similar percentage of a grade
      0 or 1 (82% v 85%), a grade 2 (18% v 15%), and a grade 3 (0%) esophageal lesion
      followed the ingestion, respectively, of an alkali (324 patients) or an acid (54
      patients). In six patients (2%) stricture occurred only following an alkali
      ingestion. These data demonstrate that signs and/or symptoms do not adequately
      predict the presence or severity of an esophageal lesion following the ingestion
      of a caustic substance.

PMID- 6835761
TI  - Hospital-based rental programs to increase car seat usage.
AB  - The ability of hospital-based car seat rental programs to provide car seats
      inexpensively throughout an entire state and the effect of these rental programs
      on car seat usage by newborns were evaluated. In July 1979 individuals and groups
      committed to child passenger safety formed a coalition called Vermont SEAT
      (Seatbelts Eliminate Automobile Tragedies). During the next 3 years SEAT asked
      the major hospitals in the state to allow volunteers to operate car seat rental
      programs on their premises. The number of rental programs increased from 0 to 13;
      the percentage of newborns born in a hospital with a rental program increased
      from 0% to 99%. The estimated statewide rate of car seat usage by newborns, based
      on observations at discharge at five hospitals, increased from 15% to 70%. These
      findings suggest that a network of hospital-based car seat rental programs
      operated by volunteers can make car seats readily available throughout a state or
      region, and can significantly increase car seat usage by newborns. It is
      recommended that such programs be a part of comprehensive strategies to improve
      child passenger safety.

PMID- 6835763
TI  - Focal ischemic cerebral injury in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound and
      correlation with computed tomographic scan.
AB  - Ischemic brain injury in the newborn is a common cause of subsequent neurologic
      deficits seen in older children. Clearly, determination of severity and location
      of such injury is important for management and prognosis. Although ultrasound
      scanning of the brain has been used extensively in the premature infant for
      diagnosis of hemorrhagic lesions, its use in the term infant for recognition of
      ischemic cerebral lesions has not been reported. Four cases are described in
      which focal echodense areas were identified on ultrasound scan of the brain.
      These echodense areas on ultrasound corresponded to the appearance on computed
      tomographic (CT) scan of areas of decreased density which are known to represent
      ischemic cerebral injury. In three of the four cases there were focal neurologic
      findings and/or focal abnormalities on EEG. In two cases, real-time ultrasound
      scanning demonstrated changes in arterial pulsations in cerebral vessels in the
      area of the lesions. Thus in both, there was diminution in pulsations within the
      echodense areas and in one case, an increase in pulsations was observed at the
      periphery of the echodense lesion. Our data demonstrate the value of ultrasound
      scanning for assessment of the extent and location of focal cerebral ischemic
      lesions in the newborn. Such assessment permits assessment of prognosis.

PMID- 6835762
TI  - Idiopathic disorders of fecal continence in children.
AB  - A group of 176 patients aged 2 to 15 years was investigated for idiopathic
      disorders of bowel function other than Hirschsprung's disease. Anorectal
      motility, as well as colorectal transit of radiopaque markers, were investigated.
      Before the end of the first month of life, 70 of the patients were constipated.
      Resting pressure was more unstable (P less than 0.001) and higher than normal in
      the rectal ampulla and upper anal canal (P less than 0.01). Retardation of
      markers occurred in the proximal and/or distal large bowel of 61% of the
      patients. The existence of functional abnormalities was demonstrated in the
      majority of children with idiopathic disorders of fecal continence.

PMID- 6835765
TI  - Achalasia: diagnosis, management, and clinical course in 16 children.
AB  - Clinical features, radiographic and esophageal manometry findings, and treatment
      results in 16 patients less than 15 years old with achalasia are described.
      Esophageal manometry performed in 15 patients showed results similar to those
      found in adults: (1) increased resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure, (2)
      incomplete or failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter on
      swallowing, and (3) ineffective or absence of peristalsis in all. The most common
      symptoms in the 16 patients were: dysphagia in 15, postprandial vomiting in 13,
      and retrosternal pain in five. The average duration from onset of symptoms to
      diagnosis was 28 months. The esophagram was diagnostic in all patients. Pneumatic
      dilation was the initial treatment in eight and was successful for more than 1
      year in five. Two patients required two dilations and were then symptom-free for
      more than 1 year, but required a Heller myotomy. The remaining patients underwent
      Heller myotomy following failure of the second dilation. Three patients underwent
      myotomy and two patients had myotomy with fundoplication as initial treatment;
      only one remained symptomatic. Esophageal dilation using a pneumatic dilator
      should be the initial treatment of choice in school-aged children. However, if
      more than two dilations are required within 1 year, surgical management is
      recommended.

PMID- 6835766
TI  - Peritonitis in children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The incidence of peritonitis in 29 children undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis during a 20-month period was one episode every 12.5 patient
      months. Of the 20 episodes of peritonitis, seven (35%) were treated on an
      ambulatory basis, and 13 required patient hospitalization. The annualized
      hospitalization rate for the 29 patients during 252 patient-months was 3.8 days
      per patient. All patients recovered from peritonitis; the only complication was
      the need to replace two peritoneal catheters. These data would seem to indicate
      that the potential threat of peritonitis should not curtail continued utilization
      of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children.

PMID- 6835764
TI  - Hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia in the neonate: a real-time ultrasound
      study.
AB  - Periventricular leukomalacia is an important complication of hypoperfusion of the
      brain in immature newborn infants. In a real-time ultrasound study with frequent
      scanning of 120 infants of birth weight less than 1,501 g, hemorrhagic
      periventricular leukomalacia was observed in nine (7.5%), and in five of these
      infants subsequent development of cystic degeneration was noted. The overall
      incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in the same population was 48%.

PMID- 6835767
TI  - Relative anemia and iron deficiency in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Significant alterations in hemotologic function in cystic fibrosis are suggested
      by the observation that polycythemia is uncommon, even among cyanotic patients.
      To elucidate those factors that influence hematologic equilibrium, 39 stable
      patients with cystic fibrosis were evaluated with regard to hemoglobin,
      hematocrit, RBC indices, reticulocyte count, serum iron and total iron binding
      capacity, serum ferritin, vitamin E, and carboxyhemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin
      concentrations were below the 50th percentile for age in 90% of the patients,
      including the 23% who were cyanotic. Serum ferritin levels were below the mean
      for age in 85% and below 12 ng/mL in 33% of patients. Vitamin E levels were less
      than 5 micrograms/dL in 33%, indicating deficiency. Carboxyhemoglobin values were
      elevated in 64% of the patients. These data indicate that relative anemia is
      common in cystic fibrosis and suggest that iron and vitamin E deficiency may
      contribute to that anemia. Twenty-two patients with cystic fibrosis were then
      given 2 weeks of oral iron therapy followed by two to three additional weeks of
      iron and vitamin E. This therapeutic trial resulted in an increase in mean
      hemoglobin concentration from 13.87 to 14.50 g/dL (P less than 0.01) associated
      with a significant increase in levels of serum ferritin (P less than 0.001). The
      increase in hemoglobin occurred primarily during the second 2 weeks when patients
      were receiving both iron and vitamin E. However, we were unable to document
      evidence of increased hemolysis when patients were receiving iron therapy alone.
      This response to oral iron therapy is confirmation that iron deficiency
      contributes to the failure of some patients with cystic fibrosis to compensate
      hemotologically for hypoxia.

PMID- 6835768
TI  - A population study of the VACTERL association: evidence for its etiologic
      heterogeneity.
AB  - Using the population-based data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects
      Program, the interrelation of the six defects that are components of the VACTERL
      association were investigated. There were 400 cases with two or more of these
      defects, whereas only 29 cases would be expected if the defects had occurred
      together randomly. There were 76 cases with three or more defects, whereas less
      than one case was expected. Of these 76 cases, seven had recognized causes (five
      chromosomal anomalies, two single-gene disorders); another 19 had recognized
      clinical phenotypes or syndromes of unknown etiology. In the remaining 50 cases,
      ventricular septal defect was the most common cardiovascular defect (30.0%), and
      renal agenesis was the most common renal anomaly (30%). Their most common limb
      defects were reduction deformities (34%) and polydactyly (20%). This study
      confirms the clinically recognized nonrandom occurrence of the VACTERL
      association. It also shows that the association is a spectrum of various
      combinations of its components, which can be a manifestation of several
      recognized disorders, rather than a distinct anatomic or etiologic entity. A
      common denominator of the VACTERL association is suggested to be a defective
      mesodermal development during embryogenesis, due to a variety of causes and
      leading to overlapping manifestations.

PMID- 6835769
TI  - Tracheal atresia, proximal esophageal atresia, and distal tracheoesophageal
      fistula: report of two cases and review of literature.
AB  - Two cases with unusual primitive foregut anomalies are described. Both children,
      born within 24 hours of each other, had complete tracheal atresia, proximal
      esophageal atresia, and distal tracheoesophageal fistula along with some minor
      anomalies; both needed immediate tracheostomy for adequate ventilation. At 15
      months of age, both patients are thriving and developing normally with the
      exception of their speech. A review of the literature revealed no other survivors
      with this condition. Diagnosis of tracheal atresia should be kept in mind when a
      newborn infant exhibits respiratory distress without an audible cry associated
      with failure to advance the endotracheal tube beyond the vocal cords. An
      immediate tracheostomy can be lifesaving in these children.

PMID- 6835770
TI  - Clinical-echocardiographic correlations in acute rheumatic fever.
AB  - Thirty-three children with acute rheumatic fever were studied using
      echocardiography to characterize heart involvement in this disease. Among 26
      subjects with a first episode of acute rheumatic fever, 18 had a clinical
      diagnosis of carditis and six had heart failure. Heart failure usually resulted
      from valvular incompetence rather than from myocardial failure in these patients.
      Conversely, among seven subjects with recurrent rheumatic fever, five had a
      clinical diagnosis of carditis and four had heart failure. Severe left
      ventricular dysfunction noted on echocardiography probably contributed
      significantly to the appearance of heart failure in two of these four subjects.
      Ten patients were initially believed not to have carditis: a diagnosis of mitral
      valvulitis was made in two of these ten on the basis of the results of the
      echocardiographic examination. Echocardiography, which provides important
      information on the cardiac status of patients with acute rheumatic fever, may
      help in assessing the prognosis and may be useful in the therapy of these
      patients.

PMID- 6835771
TI  - Sibling visiting in a neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - The effect of sibling visiting in a neonatal intensive care unit was studied.
      Sixteen siblings of 13 infants were randomly assigned to a visiting or
      nonvisiting group. Behavioral patterns were measured by questionnaires
      administered to the parents and by direct observation and interviews with the
      children. There were no significant changes in the behavior of the children
      following the birth of their sibling, and there was no significant difference
      between the behavior scores of the two groups 1 week after the experimental (or
      control) intervention. The visiting children did not show signs of fear or
      anxiety during the visit. These data suggest that sibling visiting to a neonatal
      intensive care unit is not likely to be harmful and might be beneficial to the
      siblings and their families.

PMID- 6835772
TI  - Acute worsening of congenital lobar emphysema with subsequent spontaneous
      improvement.

PMID- 6835773
TI  - Improved method for administration of aerosol in young children.

PMID- 6835774
TI  - NMR imaging in pediatric practice.

PMID- 6835776
TI  - Automobile accidents: potential years of life lost.

PMID- 6835775
TI  - Criteria for diastolic pressure: revolution, counterrevolution, and now a
      compromise.

PMID- 6835777
TI  - Preoperative chest radiographs.

PMID- 6835780
TI  - Extended contact after birth: time-controlled or self-regulatory?

PMID- 6835778
TI  - Alternatives to diminishing rural pediatric health services.

PMID- 6835779
TI  - Acute versus chronic salicylate poisoning.

PMID- 6835781
TI  - Illegal number crunching.

PMID- 6835782
TI  - Central venous catheter complications.

PMID- 6835783
TI  - Flaws in study of management of children with febrile illness.

PMID- 6835784
TI  - Aminophylline confusion.

PMID- 6835785
TI  - Naldecon claims disputed.

PMID- 6835786
TI  - [Problems of the early diagnosis of ischemic myocardial states in older children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 6835787
TI  - [Refractory heart failure in children].

PMID- 6835788
TI  - [Echocardiographic study of the myocardial contractile function of the left
      ventricle in primary rheumocarditis in children].

PMID- 6835789
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of the single or common heart ventricle].

PMID- 6835791
TI  - [Tasks of improving outpatient polyclinic care for children in light of the
      resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party USSR Council of
      Ministers on "Additional Measures to Improve Health Protection for the
      Population"].

PMID- 6835792
TI  - [Significance of histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in the formation of chronic
      viral hepatitis B in children].

PMID- 6835793
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of the blood plasma lipids in chronic hepatitis and liver
      cirrhosis in children].

PMID- 6835794
TI  - [Preulcerative states in children].

PMID- 6835795
TI  - [Problems of the emergency therapy and prevention of paroxysmal tachycardia in
      preschool and schoolchildren].

PMID- 6835790
TI  - [Integral indices of electrocardiopotentials in healthy children].

PMID- 6835796
TI  - [Use of pyrogenal in the combined treatment of bronchial asthma in children].

PMID- 6835799
TI  - [Crosti-Gianotti syndrome in congenital viral hepatitis B].

PMID- 6835798
TI  - [Experience with using dry air baths for the purpose of the hardiness training of
      schoolchildren].

PMID- 6835797
TI  - [The one-day hospital--a new form of examining children with urinary system
      pathology].

PMID- 6835800
TI  - [Case of sphingomyelinosis (Niemann-Pick disease) in a 1-year, 9-month-old
      infant].

PMID- 6835801
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of meningitis of pneumococcal etiology].

PMID- 6835802
TI  - [Cardiopathies in the neonatal period].

PMID- 6835803
TI  - [Erythrocyte system in children and adolescents (formation and mechanisms of
      compensation and injury)].

PMID- 6835804
TI  - Dynamic response of preoptic and hypothalamic neurons to scrotal thermal
      stimulation in rats.
AB  - Activities of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons were recorded in
      anesthetized rats in response to scrotal thermal stimulation. Thirteen out of 54
      neurons responsive to changes of scrotal temperature (Tscr) showed dynamic
      responses. Four of these neurons increased and 3 neurons decreased their firing
      rates responding dynamically to warming but not to cooling. Six other neurons
      were inhibited by scrotal cooling only. These dynamic responses were produced
      even by temperature changes as slow as 2 degrees C/min and only when the scrotum
      was warmed or cooled in the Tscr range above 35 degrees C. These dynamic
      responses are suggested to be a result of signal processing in supraspinal
      structures including POAH itself.

PMID- 6835805
TI  - The effect of furosemide on luminal sodium, chloride and potassium transport in
      the early distal tubule of Amphiuma kidney. Effects of potassium adaptation.
AB  - Previous experiments in the early distal tubule of the doubly perfused kidney of
      Amphiuma demonstrated net reabsorption of potassium (K) which is reversed to net
      K secretion after K adaptation. Furthermore, it is known that this particular
      segment exhibits extensive chloride (Cl) net reabsorption which depends on the
      presence of sodium (Na) and which is inhibited by furosemide. In order to test
      for a possible interrelationship between NaCl and K transport, K activity in
      lumen and cell, transepithelial electrical potential difference, peritubular cell
      membrane potentials and volume reabsorption were measured in control animals and
      after K adaptation, in presence and absence of furosemide. In control animals the
      direction of net K transport is reversed from reabsorption to secretion upon
      addition of furosemide or following the removal of Cl from the tubular lumen.
      Volume reabsorption is inhibited by some 80%. In K adapted animals a similar
      inhibition of volume reabsorption is observed, however K secretion is not further
      enhanced. In control as well as in K-adapted animals intracellular K activities
      are still above electrochemical equilibrium after furosemide. The data suggest
      that a common transport system for Na, Cl and K is present in the luminal cell
      membrane which is inhibited by furosemide. K secretion observed in controls after
      furosemide and in K-adapted animals is driven by the cell to lumen
      electrochemical gradient for K across the K permeable luminal cell membrane. The
      shift of the luminal pump-leak system towards K secretion following K adaptation
      may be explained by an increase of the luminal K conductance and/or by a
      reduction of the activity of the luminal cotransport system. However, other
      mechanisms may also contribute to the observed phenomenon of K adaptation and
      cannot be ruled out at present.

PMID- 6835806
TI  - Effect of luminal potassium on cellular sodium activity in the early distal
      tubule of Amphiuma kidney.
AB  - From previous studies it is known that a furosemide-sensitive sodium chloride
      cotransport system is operative in the luminal cell membrane of the early distal
      amphibian tubule. Since inhibition of sodium chloride cotransport prevents
      potassium reabsorption in this nephron segment, experiments were carried out to
      evaluate further the possible relationship between sodium chloride and potassium
      transport by studying the changes of cellular sodium activity following luminal
      deletion of potassium ions. Sodium-sensitive liquid ion exchange microelectrodes
      and conventional microelectrodes were employed to determine the transepithelial
      potential (PDte), the peritubular cell membrane potential (PDpt) and the
      intracellular sodium activity (Nai+) in the presence and absence of luminal
      potassium. The ratio of the luminal cell membrane resistance over the peritubular
      cell membrane resistance (Rlu/Rpt) was also estimated. When potassium ions are
      omitted from the luminal perfusate, PDpt hyperpolarizes by some 20 mV, PDte
      approaches zero and Nai+ decreases by about 40%. Rlu/Rpt is more than doubled in
      the presence of a potassium-free perfusate. Both potential and resistance changes
      are fully reversible. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which
      Barium ions (1 mmol/1 BaCl2) were present during the luminal potassium
      substitution. Our results indicate that absence of potassium inhibits luminal
      sodium chloride entry; as a result of continued peritubular sodium extrusion
      cellular sodium activity falls. The increase of Rlu/Rpt following perfusion with
      a potassium-free perfusate is interpreted as a decrease of a significant
      electrodiffusive potassium conductance in the luminal cell membrane.

PMID- 6835807
TI  - Reinvestigation of the transepithelial P.D. in the proximal tubule of Necturus
      kidney.
AB  - Published values of transepithelial potential differences (VTE) in the proximal
      tubule of Necturus vary from approximately 0 to approximately -15 mV. In view of
      this disparity, we reinvestigated VTE. Our measured VTE was on the average -1.0
      mV in early convolutions and +0.6 mV in terminal proximal segments. In the course
      of this study, we considered five distinct causes of artifacts. 1) Tip and pre
      tip potentials: their occurrence was minimized by using Ringer's filled
      microelectrodes. 2) Interstitial tip localizations: the position of the tip was
      ascertained by the shift in potential, resulting in response to peritubular
      perfusion with gluconate solutions. 3) Leaky impalements: VTE responses to
      gluconate, input resistance determinations and the presence of positive VTE's
      rule out the leak hypothesis. 4) Zeroline shifts between pre- and postimpalement
      stages, and 5) Spontaneous VTE drifts in the positive direction, due to gradual
      passage of the tip from cell to lumen, or in the negative direction, resulting
      from tip contact with the lower cellular layer. All five causes of artifacts may
      be involved in the controversy regarding past VTE estimates.

PMID- 6835808
TI  - Electrical properties and electrolyte transport in bovine tracheal epithelium:
      effects of ion substitutions, transport inhibitors and histamine.

PMID- 6835809
TI  - Potassium-induced vascular relaxation in two kidney-one clip, renal hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - This study was designed to characterize potassium-induced relaxation in vascular
      smooth muscle in two kidney-one clip (2K-1C), renal hypertensive rats. Potassium
      induced relaxation was evaluated in the isolated tail artery and in the isolated
      pump perfused renal vasculature. Both preparations relaxed in response to
      potassium after contraction induced by norepinephrine in potassium-free solution.
      Arterial preparations from hypertensive rats showed greater relaxation than did
      those from normotensive rats. Potassium-induced relaxation in tail arteries from
      hypertensive rats was more sensitive to ouabain inhibition than those from
      normotensive rats; the renal vasculature of hypertensive rats did not differ from
      controls with respect to ouabain sensitivity. Relaxation in response to potassium
      in isolated tail artery segments varied with the: 1. length of incubation in
      potassium-free solution; 2. concentration of added potassium; and 3.
      concentration of norepinephrine added during the potassium-free interval. The
      amplitude of potassium relaxation is believed to be a functional measure of the
      electrogenic sodium pump. These experiments support the hypothesis that vascular
      smooth muscle from 2K-1C renal hypertensive rats has increased electrogenic
      sodium pump activity, in vitro.

PMID- 6835810
TI  - Bright light affects human circadian rhythms.
AB  - The relative effectiveness of external zeitgebers synchronizing circadian rhythms
      can be evaluated by measuring the size of the range of entrainment. The
      experimental approach to measure entrainment limits is the application of an
      artificial zeitgeber with slowly and steadily changing period. In human circadian
      rhythms, an absolute light-dark (LD) cycle with a light intensity during L of
      1000 lux or less, results in an upper entrainment limit of 26.91 +/- 0.24 hours.
      The same limit is reached in constant illumination when only informations are
      given to the subjects. Consequently, the LD cycle is effective mainly with its
      behavioral component characterized by the request of the light-dark alternation
      to go to rest. In experiments with the same experimental protocol but higher
      intensity of illumination during L (approximately 4000 lux, i.e., exceeding the
      threshold beyond which melatonin excretion is suppressed in humans), human
      circadian rhythms can be synchronized within a much larger range; the upper
      entrainment limit is, with all overt rhythms measured, beyond 29 hours. This
      means that bright light has an effect on the human circadian system which is
      qualitatively different from that of dim light, and which is similar to the
      effect of light in most animal experiments. This finding has theoretical and
      practical implications.

PMID- 6835811
TI  - An attempt to quantitate the contribution of antidiuretic hormone to the diuresis
      of left atrial distension in conscious dogs.
AB  - In order to quantitate the contribution of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to the
      diuresis of left atrial distension 52 experiments have been performed in 12
      conscious, chronically instrumented beagle dogs. Left atrial pressure was
      increased by a reversible mitral stenosis by about 10 cm H2O (1.0 kPa) for 60
      min. Plasma ADH concentration (range between 1.3 and 6.0 pg . ml-1)
      (radioimmunoassay) decreased in every experiment, the average decrease being
      about 50%. An i.v. infusion of vasopressin (0.05 mU . min-1 . kg-1) abolished the
      diuretic effect of left atrial distension or decreased the urine volume below
      control values; natriuresis was not affected. The magnitude of the vasopressin
      effect was dependent on the concurrent sodium excretion: when sodium excretion
      was low during left atrial distension, vasopressin was more effective in reducing
      the urine volume than when sodium excretion was high. It is concluded that the
      diuresis of left atrial distension is mediated (a) by a suppression of ADH and
      (b) by factors controlling sodium excretion, the contribution of these two
      mechanisms being dependent on the concurrent sodium excretion.

PMID- 6835812
TI  - Effects of lithium on water intake and renal concentrating ability in rats with
      vasopressin-deficient diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain).
AB  - Male and female Long Evan rats and Brattleboro rats with ADH-deficient diabetes
      insipidus were treated with lithium administered in the diet for 12 weeks. The
      plasma lithium level was about 1 mmol/l in all groups. Lithium caused polydipsia
      and polyuria and lowering of renal concentrating ability in normal rats. In rats
      with ADH deficiency lithium tended to increase water intake, but did not
      influence spontaneous urine osmolality or maximal urine osmolality during water
      deprivation. The results indicate that the renal concentrating defect caused by
      lithium in rats can be explained by ADH-blockade as the only mechanism. However,
      there is circumstantial evidence that lithium in addition may stimulate thirst
      mechanisms by an ADH-independent action.

PMID- 6835813
TI  - Sodium transport inhibitor in proximal tubular urine during acute volume
      expansion.
AB  - Harvested proximal tubular fluid from mannitolsaline expanded rats caused a 50%
      inhibition of transepithelial sodium concentration difference when compared to an
      artificially prepared test solution used in the same and nonexpanded animals.
      Because of the methodology employed, none of the usual factors known to affect
      sodium reabsorption by the kidney could have been responsible for these changes.
      The factor responsible acts from the luminal side, is an inhibitor and has a
      short duration of action.

PMID- 6835815
TI  - The ventilatory response to hypoxia in the anesthetized rat.
AB  - The hypoxic ventilatory response of the anesthetized rat was measured using a
      progressive hypoxia test whilst end-tidal Pco2 was maintained at a constant
      level. The ventilatory response to hypoxia was expressed by the equation, VE = Vo
      + A/(Pao2-C)(VE, total ventilation in l BTPS . min-1; Pao2, arterial Po2 in mm
      Hg). The hypoxic ventilatory drive, A, averaged 4.1 +/- 2.5 1 . min-1 . mm Hg
      (mean +/- SD), from which a value of 252 1 . min-1 . mm Hg was calculated on the
      basis of appropriate allometric relationships, for a 70 kg body mass. This value
      is higher than those reported for the anesthetized dog and for human subjects.
      When end-tidal Po2 was gradually decreased from hyperoxia to normoxia, a
      significant increased in VE due to an increase in breathing frequency was
      observed, suggesting that the ventilation of the rat is maintained by a
      considerable 'hypoxic drive' even in normoxia. Furthermore, hypoxic ventilatory
      depression occurred at a relatively higher Pao2 level (45-60 mm Hg) than in other
      species. Thus, in the rat, the ventilation vs. end-tidal Po2 curve is shifted to
      the right compared to other species. After section of the carotid sinus nerve,
      the hypoxic drive (A) was reduced to 11%, indicating that almost all the
      ventilatory drive of hypoxia was mediated by the carotid chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6835814
TI  - Mechanisms of the secretory and motor responses of the Brunner's gland region of
      the intestines to duodenal acidification.
AB  - The secretory and motor responses of the Brunner's gland region of the duodenum
      to luminal acidification were examined in rabbits anesthetized with urethan.
      Isomotic solutions of sodium chloride (pH 7.2) were perfused continuously through
      adjacent in situ segments. The pH of the perfusate of the proximal segment was
      changed to 2.0 for 30 min. Perfusion pressure (motor response) and volume and
      hexosamine concentration (secretory response) of the effluent were recorded for 3
      h. The motor and secretory responses to luminal acidification were examined after
      intravenous (atropine) or intraluminal (lidocaine) pretreatment. Responses to
      intravenous infusions of serotonin or secretin were determined, also. Both
      atropine and lidocaine eliminated the initial motor and secretory responses of
      the proximal segment. Lidocaine eliminated the delayed secretory response of the
      distal segment. Serotonin caused initial motor and secretory responses, but
      secretin caused a delayed secretory response only. These results suggest that
      duodenal acidification elicits a two-phase increase in Brunner's gland secretion,
      the first being motor-dependent and the second motor-independent. The initial
      motor response was mediated by a local reflex composed of cholinergic and perhaps
      tryptaminergic receptors. The delayed secretory response was mediated by local
      and nonlocal, possibly hormonal, factors. Increased duodenal motility may provide
      a vehicle for the rapid expulsion of mucus, and thereby serve an important role
      in the function of the Brunner's glands.

PMID- 6835816
TI  - Fractional desynchronization of human circadian rhythms. A method for evaluating
      entrainment limits and functional interdependencies.
AB  - Under the influence of artificial zeitgebers, human circadian rhythms can be
      entrained only within limited ranges of periods; different overt rhythms may show
      different entrainment limits. When the period of a zeitgeber is varied slowly but
      continuously, entrainment limits can be evaluated precisely. An overt rhythm is
      synchronized to the zeitgeber only up to a certain day, or period respectively,
      until it breaks away from the zeitgeber and starts to freerun. The
      interindividual comparison among different subjects shows that the range of
      entrainment is positioned nearly symmetrically around the freerunning period. Its
      width depends strongly on the freerunning period; it increases with lengthening
      freerunning period. As the consequence, subjects with a freerunning period only
      slightly shorter than 23 h would fail to become synchronized to the natural 24-h
      day, whereas subjects with a freerunning period even slightly longer 28 h would
      become synchronized. In the intraindividual comparison, overt rhythms of
      different variables show different entrainment limits. For instance, rhythms in
      urinary excretion of different electrolytes can be dissociated for several days;
      the same is true with the rhythms of deep body temperature and performance. This
      temporal separation excludes the possibility of functional interdependencies
      between the variables under consideration. Consequently, results obtained with
      this method of fractional desynchronization do not only assist in evaluating
      properties of the circadian system, but also assist in the search for
      physiological interconnections between different variables.

PMID- 6835817
TI  - The role of sympathetic efferent activity in the regulation of brain temperature.
AB  - The role of nasal heat exchange in the control of brain temperature has been
      studied in cats, pigs, ducks and rabbits during acute experiments under general
      anaesthesia. Nasal air flow at physiological rates caused hypothalamic
      temperature to fall at between 0.2 and 0.5 degrees C/min in cats, pigs and ducks,
      which all have arterial rete systems that can cool blood flowing to the brain,
      but not in rabbits, which lack an arterial rete. Bilateral stimulation of
      cervical sympathetic trunks reduced or abolished the brain cooling effect of
      nasal air flow in cats, pigs and ducks. After a period of airflow during which
      brain cooling was reduced by sympathetic stimulation, the end of stimulation was
      sometimes followed by marked and rapid brain cooling, indicating re-perfusion
      through ischaemic cooled tissues. Cervical sympathetic stimulation caused a
      reduction in resistance to nasal airflow in all species studied, by inducing
      vasoconstriction and shrinkage of the nasal mucosa. In species with well
      developed arterial retia, the effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation in
      regulating nasal cooling of the brain is probably mediated by controlling blood
      flow through the nasal mucosa. Although this vascular control also occurs in
      rabbits, they cannot selectively cool the brain and sympathetic stimulation has
      no effect on rabbit brain temperature.

PMID- 6835818
TI  - Effects of fasting on the hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production in rats.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that the early cessation of erythropoietin (Ep)
      production during hypobaric hypoxia is induced by lowered food intake, we have
      compared the plasma Ep titer of rats after exposure to continuous hypoxia (42.6
      kPa = 7000 m altitude) for 4 days with that in fed or fasted rats after exposure
      to discontinuous hypoxia. We found that plasma Ep was rather low after 4 days of
      continuous hypoxia. However, the Ep titer significantly rose again, when rats
      were maintained normoxic for 18 h and then exposed to repeated hypoxia for 6 h.
      Because this was also found in rats which were deprived of food during the
      normoxic interval and the second hypoxic period, we conclude that the fall of the
      Ep titer during continuous hypoxia is not primarily due to reduced food intake.
      In addition, our findings show that fasting per se lowers the Ep-response to
      hypoxia in normal rats but not exhypoxic rats.

PMID- 6835819
TI  - Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in conscious dogs following a bolus of
      creatinine. Comparison with simultaneously determined inulin clearance.
AB  - The renal clearance of creatinine was measured following orogastric
      administration in conscious dogs. Values of creatinine clearance were compared
      with simultaneously determined values of inulin clearance, when urine volume,
      glomerular filtration rate and volume status were acutely altered by a variety of
      experimental manoeuvres. At urine volumes greater than 20 microliters X min-1 X
      kg-1, creatinine clearance was not significantly different from inulin clearance.
      At low urine volumes there was some evidence of creatinine reabsorption. It is
      concluded that the bolus creatinine technique provides reliable estimates of
      glomerular filtration rate and is particularly applicable to long-term studies in
      conscious dogs.

PMID- 6835820
TI  - The local xenon washout method applied to the study of blood flow in subcapsular
      cortex of the canine kidney.

PMID- 6835823
TI  - [Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 6835821
TI  - Enhancement of resting activity in postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones
      following short-lasting repetitive activation of preganglionic axons.
AB  - Resting activity in postganglionic neurones supplying the cat hindlimb was
      enhanced after activation of preganglionic axons in the lumbar sympathetic trunk
      with short trains of stimuli (50 stimuli at 25 Hz). The characteristics of this
      enhancement were as follows: 1) It has values of 120 to 600% and lasts for 4 to
      more than 40 min. 2) It can be elicited heterosynaptically by repetitive
      stimulation of the peripheral end of a cut white ramus. 3) It is dependent on the
      activation of thin, probably unmyelinated, preganglionic axons. 4) It is probably
      produced by non-nicotinic (muscarinic and non-cholinergic) synaptic mechanisms in
      the sympathetic chain ganglia. 5) Vasoconstrictor neurones can be activated in
      this way, but not sudomotor neurones. The results argue that nicotinic
      transmission of activity from pre- to postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones can
      be modulated heterosynaptically by slow non-nicotinic synaptic processes.

PMID- 6835822
TI  - Reflex activation of postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying skeletal
      muscle by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors via non-nicotinic synaptic
      mechanisms in sympathetic ganglia.
AB  - Postganglionic sympathetic neurones supplying skeletal muscle and skin can be
      activated from the preganglionic site via cholinergic nicotinic, muscarinic and
      noncholinergic synaptic mechanisms. The experiments described in this paper were
      designed in order to show that postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying
      skeletal muscle can be activated by the naturally occurring discharge pattern in
      preganglionic axons when the nicotinic transmission is blocked. For this purpose,
      the activity was recorded simultaneously from postganglionic vasoconstrictor
      axons supplying skeletal muscle and vasoconstrictor axons supplying hairy skin.
      The preganglionic neurones were driven reflexly by stimulation of the arterial
      chemoreceptors. 1) During blockade of nicotinic transmission muscle
      vasoconstrictor neurones were activated via the CNS during stimulation of
      arterial chemoreceptors. This activation is either generated by muscarinic action
      of released acetylcholine or by a noncholinergic synaptic mechanism. 2)
      Postganglionic cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones were inhibited during
      stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors. During blockade of cholinergic nicotinic
      transmission these neurones were not activated reflexly by stimulation of
      arterial chemoreceptors although they received inputs via cholinergic muscarinic
      and noncholinergic synaptic mechanisms. 3) The results illustrate that
      postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying skeletal muscle can not only be
      activated via non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms through synchronous repetitive
      electrical stimulation of preganglionic axons but also by the discharge pattern
      produced in preganglionic neurones during stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors.

PMID- 6835824
TI  - [Chronic joint pain].

PMID- 6835825
TI  - [Surgery of the joints: long-term experiences and developments].

PMID- 6835827
TI  - [Regression toward the mean].

PMID- 6835826
TI  - [Children's feet and children's shoes].

PMID- 6835829
TI  - [The training of instructors in general medicine--knowledge spreads like ripples
      on water].

PMID- 6835828
TI  - [Health personnel in Scandinavia - not only too many but also the wrong kind?].

PMID- 6835830
TI  - [The Bayes theorem].

PMID- 6835831
TI  - Navicular disease in the horse. The synovial membrane of bursa podotrochlearis.
AB  - The histopathological changes in the synovial membrane of bursa podotrochlearis
      are described in horses with navicular disease. The changes are compared to the
      histopathological findings in synovial membrane of arthrotic pastern joints in
      horses and of arthrotic hips in man. A high degree of concordance is demonstrated
      and this suggests that navicular disease is an arthrotic disease.

PMID- 6835832
TI  - Navicular disease in the horse. The subchondral bone pressure.
AB  - The subchondral bone pressure in the navicular bone of horses with navicular
      disease is compared with corresponding pressures in normal horses. An increased
      intraosseous pressure and a lengthened pressure drop time was demonstrated in
      patients with navicular disease, which indicates the existence of a venous
      stasis. Compared with similar investigations in humans with arthrosis it is
      concluded that navicular disease is a condition resembling arthrosis. The
      classical clinical symptoms are explained as an expression of resting pains.
      Treatments are suggested which theoretically can render the patient symptomless.

PMID- 6835834
TI  - [12th National Blood Transfusion Congress. Saint-Etienne, 8-10 July 1982.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 6835833
TI  - [Influence of macrophage culture supernatants on erythroblastic islets in rat
      erythropoiesis].
AB  - The isolation of central macrophages from erythroblastic islands (EI) permitted
      analysis of the role of EI macrophage factors in erythropoiesis. EI macrophage
      supernatant and peritoneal macrophage supernatant both had a similar effect on
      erythropoiesis. They exerted an erythropoietin-like effect. We observed changes
      in the number of erythroblasts per island; their distribution within each island
      during the maturation process was described. The role of the central macrophage
      in EI was discussed. We suggested a direct transfer of an erythropoietin-like
      activity to the erythroblasts which increases the efficacy of stimulation.

PMID- 6835835
TI  - [22d meeting of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Study Group. Strasbourg, 25-26
      November 1982. Abstracts].

PMID- 6835836
TI  - [Congenital hemolytic anemia with erythrocyte thermal instability and defect of
      spectrin tetrameric polymerization. Study of erythrocyte deformability in a new
      case of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis using diffraction viscosimetry].
AB  - Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is a rare congenital hemolytic anaemia
      observed so far in patients of black extraction. In many cases, the severity of
      the anaemia has led to early splenectomy, which uniformly improved the
      hematological conditions. The disease is characterized by extreme anisocytosis
      and poikilocytosis with erythrocyte fragmentation. The pathognomonic feature is
      the abnormal thermal sensitivity of red cells which fragment in vitro at 45-46
      degrees C (instead of 49 degrees C in normal subjects). In the case reported
      here, erythrocyte fragmentation (which appears at 43 degrees C) and increased
      osmotic fragility are studied using the Ektacytometer. Observation of different
      erythrocyte fractions isolated by differential centrifugation shows the extreme
      heterogeneity of the erythrocyte population. Studies of erythrocyte membrane
      proteins confirm that the disease is related to defective dimer-dimer association
      of spectrin which is the major membrane skeletal protein. This molecular spectrin
      abnormality in accounting for the membrane instability is recognized to a lesser
      degree in the asymptomatic mother. This may be of use in the diagnosis of HPP
      which is difficult to establish in a transfusion-dependent infant.

PMID- 6835838
TI  - A convenient synthesis of 6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin
      4-one and related 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolopyrimidine nucleosides.
AB  - The glycosylation of 4,6-dichloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and 4-chloro-6
      methylthiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine via the corresponding trimethylsilyl
      intermediate and tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranose in the presence of
      trimethylsilyl triflate as a catalyst, gave selective glycosylation at N1 as the
      only nucleoside product. The intermediates 4,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl
      beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine 7 and 4-chloro-6-methylthio-1
      (2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine 13 gave new
      and convenient synthetic routes to the inosine analog 1, the guanosine analog 2,
      the adenosine analog 3, and the isoguanosine analog 16. Glycosylation of the
      trimethylsilyl derivative of 6-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-one unexpectedly
      gave the N2-glycosyl isomer 20 as the major product. A number of new 4,6
      disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides were prepared from these
      glycosyl intermediates.

PMID- 6835839
TI  - Consensus structure and evolution of 5S rRNA.
AB  - A consensus structure model of 5S rRNA presenting all conserved nucleotides in
      fixed positions has been deduced from the primary and secondary structure of 71
      eubacterial, archaebacterial, eukaryotic cytosolic and organellar molecules.
      Phylogenetically related groups of molecules are characterized by nucleotide
      deletions in helices III, IV and V, and by potential base pair interactions in
      helix IV. The group-specific deletions are correlated with the early branching
      pattern of a dendrogram calculated from nucleotide substitution data: the first
      major division separates the group of eubacterial and organellar molecules from a
      second group containing the common ancestors of archaebacterial and
      eukaryotic/cytosolic molecules. The earliest diverging branch of the
      eubacterial/organellar group includes molecules from Thermus thermophilus, T.
      aquaticus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Paracoccus denitrificans and wheat
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6835840
TI  - Evidence for hydrated spermidine-calf thymus DNA toruses organized by
      circumferential DNA wrapping.
AB  - In spermidine-condensed calf thymus DNA preparations, torus-shaped condensates
      were shown by transmission electron microscopy to exist under the hydrated
      conditions of the freeze fracture experiment. Using extremely low Pt metal
      deposition levels (9 A Pt/C) high-contrast replicas of the spermidine-DNA toruses
      were obtained that showed circumferential wrapping of single DNA double helix
      size surface fibres. Stereoscopic analysis of high magnification
      stereomicrographs established some details of the three-dimensional organization
      of two DNA double helix sections winding circumferentially on the inner surface
      of one such torus. These measurements demonstrate the usefulness of stereoscopic
      analysis of these high macromolecular organization magnification. Measurements on
      a number of torus-shaped complexes (n = 16) yielded these average dimensions:
      inner circumference (1840 +/- 204 A) outer circumference (2800 +/- 222 A), torus
      ring thickness (143 +/- 18 A). These data support a continuous circumferential
      DNA-winding model of torus organization proposed by Marx & Reynolds.

PMID- 6835841
TI  - Conformations of A-DNA and B-DNA in agreement with fiber X-ray and infrared
      dichroism.
AB  - Two right handed double helices are proposed as models for DNA fibers in
      respectively the A and the B form. The present conformations have geometrical
      parameters which agree very well with fiber X-ray and the orientation of their
      phosphate groups is in good accordance with infrared dichroism measurements.
      Dihedral angles and complete sets of atomic coordinates are given together with
      stereo-views and curves of the calculated diffracted intensities. Results are
      compared with experimental data and with preceding DNA models.

PMID- 6835837
TI  - Multiple proteins and subgenomic mRNAs may be derived from a single open reading
      frame on tobacco mosaic virus RNA.
AB  - It has previously been shown that messenger activity for a protein of Mr = ca.
      30k exists in RNA fractions extracted from particles of either native or alkali
      stripped U1 TMV, or from cowpea strain TMV, that are smaller than full genomic
      length. Analysis of sucrose gradient fractions containing this activity reveals a
      number of slightly smaller template activities directing synthesis of proteins
      between 18.5k and 29k in size. All of these messenger activities, including that
      for the 30k protein, respond to cap analogues in anomalous ways. Discrete RNA
      species that include active mRNAs for these proteins can be demonstrated in the
      same fractions by labelling with preparations of vaccinia capping enzyme and
      [alpha-32P] GTP without prior beta-elimination. Detailed analysis of three of
      these proteins (of Mr's ca. 30k, 29k and 23k) by peptide mapping and translation
      of purified vaccinia-labelled RNA demonstrates that all three are unrelated to
      the large early TMV proteins, but are related to each other in such a way as to
      form a nested set with staggered N termini and identical C termini. mRNAs of
      chain lengths ca. 1900 and 1500 bases direct synthesis of the 30k and 23k
      proteins respectively, an mRNA of about 1850 bases directs both 29k and (perhaps
      because of cross-contamination) 30k synthesis. Initiation codons for the 29k and
      23k proteins have been mapped at positions 4960-4962 and 5191-5193 respectively
      on TMV RNA. Since all three encapsidated templates have similar properties we
      conclude that either there is a family of 30k-related proteins with unusual
      mRNAs, or that none of these in vitro translation products are directed by
      physiological templates.

PMID- 6835842
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNAs from a multicellular green alga, Ulva
      pertusa, and two brown algae, Eisenia bicyclis and Sargassum fulvellum.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNA from a multicellular green alga Ulva pertusa,
      and multicellular brown algae Eisenia bicyclis and Sargassum fulvellum, have been
      determined. The 5S rRNA from Ulva is composed of 120 nucleotides, and those from
      Eisenia and Sargassum have 118 nucleotides. The nucleotide sequence of Ulva 5S
      rRNA is rather similar to 5S rRNAs from unicellular green algae and higher
      plants, while those of Eisenia and Sargassum 5S rRNAs are unique.

PMID- 6835844
TI  - The effect of intercalating drugs on the kinetics of the B to Z transition of
      poly(dG-dC).
AB  - We have measured the ability of the intercalating drugs proflavine, ethidium
      bromide, actinomycin D, and bismethidiumspermine to inhibit the salt induced
      transition of poly(dG-dC) from the B to the Z form. While all of the drugs
      studied slowed the B to Z transition, the effectiveness of the drugs correlates
      much better with their DNA binding kinetics than their DNA binding constants. In
      studies where the binding densities of ethidium and actinomycin were varied we
      have found that high levels of ethidium, more than 1 per 20 base pairs, were
      required to inhibit the B to Z transition while low levels of actinomycin, less
      than 1 per 450 base pairs, reduced the transition rate. Studies of the B to Z
      transition in the presence of both actinomycin and ethidium suggest that the
      drugs inhibit the transition by different mechanisms. The results are interpreted
      in terms of a modification of the kinetic model proposed by Pohl and Jovin in
      which, depending on the DNA binding kinetics of the drug, the drug may inhibit
      nucleation and/or propagation of the B to Z transition.

PMID- 6835843
TI  - Chain flexibility and hydrodynamics of the B and Z forms of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG
      dC).
AB  - The solution properties of the B and Z forms of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) have been
      measured by static and dynamic laser light scattering. The radius of gyration,
      persistence length, translational and segmental diffusion coefficients, and the
      Rouse-Zimm parameters have been evaluated. The persistence length of the Z form
      determined at 3 M NaCl is about 200 nm compared to 84 and 61 nm respectively for
      the B forms of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), and calf thymus DNA, both determined at
      0.1 M NaCl. The data on persistence length, diffusion coefficients and the Rouse
      Zimm parameters indicate a large increase in the chain stiffness of Z DNA
      compared to the B form. These results are opposite to the ionic strength effects
      on random sequence native DNAs, for which the flexibility increases with ionic
      strength and levels off at about 1 M NaCl.

PMID- 6835845
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of 5s rRNAs from sponge Halichondria japonica and tunicate
      Halocynthia roretzi and their phylogenetic positions.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNAs from sponge Halichondria japonica and
      tunicate Halocynthia roretzi were determined by chemical and enzymatic gel
      methods. Their phylogenetic positions among metazoans were derived from the 5S
      rRNA sequences by a computer analysis based on the maximum parsimony principle.
      It was suggested that the sponge is closely related to several invertebrates and
      the tunicate has affinity to vertebrates rather than invertebrates.

PMID- 6835846
TI  - Different nucleosome spacing in transcribed and non-transcribed regions of the
      ribosomal RNA gene in Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - The chromatin structure of the palindromic macronuclear ribosomal RNA genes of
      Tetrahymena thermophila was probed with micrococcal nuclease. Independent of the
      state of transcriptional activity, the transcribed region had a shorter
      nucleosome repeat (184 +/- 3 base pairs) than the non-transcribed central spacer
      or bulk chromatin (both 200 base pairs). The transcribed region displayed an
      increased sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease in rapidly growing cells, which
      suggested an altered chromatin structure during transcription. At early stages of
      nuclease digestion, the central spacer appeared to be in a highly structured
      nucleosomal array. Based on the differences in nucleosome repeat distance and
      sensitivity to nuclease, we conclude that quite different chromatin structures
      are maintained in two adjacent regions of the Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA gene. The
      DNA of the non-transcribed terminal spacer was found to contain sequences which
      are highly susceptible to micrococcal nuclease, precluding any conclusions about
      nucleosome structure in this region.

PMID- 6835848
TI  - Production of Kasahara isoenzyme by OKK cell line established from a human
      maxillary carcinoma.
AB  - A cell line, designated OKK, has been established from a human maxillary
      carcinoma in a Japanese man. The cultured cells were inoculated into nude mice,
      with the subsequent establishment of tumors. Alkaline phosphatases were extracted
      from these tumors and partially purified by chromatography. The
      electrophoretically fastest moving isoenzyme, designated tentatively as OKK T
      isoenzyme, was biochemically and immunologically investigated by comparing it
      with the Kasahara isoenzyme purified partially from the tumor, which originated
      from FL cells inoculated into a nude mouse. The properties of the OKK T isoenzyme
      were identical to those of the Kasahara isoenzyme. Thus, the enzymes showed a
      similar inhibition by amino acids (L-phenylalanine and L-leucine), the same
      behavior with respect to other properties, including heat stability,
      immunological character and molecular weight. The genetic phenotype of the
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of this established cell line was proved not to
      be identical to that of a HeLa cell line.

PMID- 6835847
TI  - Statistical characterization of nucleic acid sequence functional domains.
AB  - It has long been recognized that various genome classes were distinguishable on
      the basis of base composition and nearest neighbor frequencies. In addition
      Grantham et al. (8) have recently presented evidence that these distinctions are
      preserved at the level of codon usage. As discussed in this report it is now
      clear that these and related statistics can uniquely characterize the various
      functional domains of the genome. In particular peptide coding, intervening
      segments, structural RNA coding and mitochondrial domains of the vertebrate
      genome are uniquely characterizable. The statistical measures not only reflect
      understood functional differences among these domains but suggest others. The
      ability of these simple statistics of nucleic acid sequences to reflect so much
      of the encoded complex pattern information and/or effects of selective
      constraints is somewhat surprising. Here, we investigated the statistical
      measures most distinctive of the various domains and then linked them to our
      current understandings in so far as possible.

PMID- 6835849
TI  - The occurrence of chicken foetal antigen after infection with Marek's disease
      virus in three strains of chicken.
AB  - An indirect immunofluorescence procedure employing specific antiserum was used to
      demonstrate chicken foetal antigen (CFA), a membrane antigen typically present on
      embryonic cells. The expression of CFA by lymphocytes from the peripheral blood,
      spleen, thymus and bursa was found to decline rapidly after hatching; the bursa,
      however, contained about 30% CFA-positive cells until at least 120 days of age.
      After infection of a genetically susceptible strain of chickens (HPRS Rhode
      Island Red) with Marek's disease virus, the expression of CFA by lymphocytes in
      the blood and lymphoid organs was found to increase steadily. Lymphomas which
      developed contained, on average, 25.7% CFA-expressing cells. In contrast, a
      second susceptible strain (line 7) showed no increase in CFA expression (compared
      with uninfected controls), and lymphomas from these birds contained only 4.8%
      positive cells. A genetically resistant strain (line 6) also did not differ from
      uninfected controls. It was concluded that in Marek's disease, CFA expression is
      associated with malignant transformation, although transformation may occur
      without the appearance of CFA, and that CFA is a marker for a stage of
      dedifferentiation of transformed cells rather than a marker for transformation.
      The degree of dedifferentiation seems to vary from strain to strain.

PMID- 6835850
TI  - The psychological impact of pediatric bacterial meningitis on the family.
AB  - Twenty-eight families participated in a prospective study of family coping with
      childhood bacterial meningitis. Most of the parents were seen by physicians and
      nursing staff as exhibiting anxiety during the first week of treatment, and many
      mothers later reported their fear for the child's life. Depressive behavior was
      also commonly noted in mothers by physicians; however, both mothers and fathers
      were generally seen as cooperating with staff and communicating well with them.
      Most of the families were rated as coping well with the diagnosis and treatment
      by physicians, nurses and psychosocial staff. Nineteen families participated in a
      follow-up assessment 1 to 2 years after diagnosis. Coping was found to be
      relatively stable over time, and mothers' coping at the follow-up interview was
      significantly correlated with their coping at diagnosis. Most of them raised
      concerns about residual damage and fear of life-threatening illness. There were
      no significant differences between families who had received a psychological
      intervention and those who had not. Careful monitoring of parental knowledge and
      perceptions was recommended to prevent later problems.

PMID- 6835851
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni in children with diarrhea in Mexico City.
AB  - The frequency of Campylobacter jejuni infection in children under 4 years of age,
      with and without diarrhea, attending the Hospital Infantil de Mexico was studied.
      Campylobacter was cultured from rectal swabs in 23 (8.7%) of 265 children with
      diarrhea, with the highest isolation rate in the 7- to 12-month age group, and in
      2 (4%) of 54 children without diarrhea. From 5 (22%) of the children infected
      with Campylobacter, Salmonella or Shigella sp. were simultaneously cultured.
      Major clinical features of the patients with Campylobacter were similar to those
      observed in children with nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The isolation rate of
      Campylobacter was particularly high during the warm season. From these data it is
      difficult to establish a causative relationship between the presence of
      Campylobacter and diarrheal disease.

PMID- 6835853
TI  - Acute spinal epidural abscess presenting as hip pain.

PMID- 6835854
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome, diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccination and
      visits to the doctor: chance association or cause and effect?

PMID- 6835855
TI  - Brucella osteomyelitis.

PMID- 6835856
TI  - Thoracic actinomycosis in a recent tuberculin converter.

PMID- 6835852
TI  - Ampicillin-chloramphenicol interaction against enteric Gram-negative organisms.
AB  - Because two children with Salmonella osteomyelitis responded differently to a
      combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol, we investigated the activity of
      each antibiotic and the combination against 21 enteric organisms including
      Salmonella sp. and other Gram-negative bacilli. Ampicillin was bactericidal
      against all 21 organisms (minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) range, 0.25 to
      16 micrograms/ml). Chloramphenicol was bactericidal against 5 (MBC range, 2 to 16
      micrograms/ml) and bacteriostatic against 16 (MBC, greater than or equal to 64
      micrograms/ml). Fractional lethal indices indicated that chloramphenicol and
      ampicillin were antagonistic (fractional lethal concentration, greater than 1.2)
      against all 16 bacteria for which chloramphenicol was bacteriostatic, and the
      ampicillin MBC increased from a mean of 2.2 micrograms/ml to 37.2 micrograms/ml.
      The two antibiotics were synergistic (fractional lethal concentration, less than
      0.8) against the five organisms for which chloramphenicol was bactericidal, and
      the ampicillin MBC was lowered from a mean of 3.0 micrograms/ml to 0.4
      micrograms/ml. Our data indicate that the combination of ampicillin and
      chloramphenicol can be synergistic or antagonistic against Gram-negative enteric
      bacteria depending on whether chloramphenicol is bactericidal or bacteriostatic
      against the specific organism.

PMID- 6835857
TI  - Empiric antifungal therapy in the management of the febrile-granulocytopenic
      cancer patient.

PMID- 6835858
TI  - Special series: management of pediatric infectious diseases in office practice.
      Edited by Jerome O. Klein, M.D., and S. Michael Marcy, M.D. Acute sinusitis in
      children.

PMID- 6835859
TI  - Possible temporal association between diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis
      vaccination and sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Because diphtheria and tetanus toxoids pertussis (DTP) vaccine is routinely given
      during the period of highest incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),
      this study was undertaken to determine if there is a temporal association between
      DTP immunization and SIDS. Parents of 145 SIDS victims who died in Los Angeles
      County between January 1, 1979, and August 23, 1980, were contacted and
      interviewed regarding their child's recent immunization history. Fifty-three had
      received a DTP immunization. Of these 53, 27 had received a DTP immunization
      within 28 days of death. Six SIDS deaths occurred within 24 hours and 17 occurred
      within 1 week of DTP immunization. These SIDS deaths were significantly more than
      expected were there no association between DTP immunization and SIDS. An
      additional 46 infants had a physician/clinic visit without DTP immunization prior
      to death. Forty of these infants died within 28 days of this visit, seven on the
      third day and 22 within the first week following the visit. These deaths were
      also significantly more than expected. These data suggest a temporal association
      between DTP immunization, physician visits without DTP immunization and SIDS.

PMID- 6835860
TI  - Ultrastructural and analytical studies on the prostate of castrated rats.
AB  - Rat lateral and ventral prostate tissue was studied using ultrastructural and
      analytical techniques in adult animals castrated for periods of 3 to 20 days. As
      in previous reports involution of the prostatic epithelium following testosterone
      deprivation resulted in alterations of the amount, distribution, and conformation
      of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosomes in addition to some nuclear
      changes. Although the fundamental changes were similar in both lobes there were
      specific effects on the individual lobes. Reductions in the subcellular levels of
      zinc were more pronounced in the lateral prostate, particularly with respect to
      the secretory and stromal concentrations of the metal. Despite low concentrations
      of circulating testosterone, secretory activity was still evident after a 20-day
      castration period and would appear to reflect a different sensitivity in the
      lateral lobe to the lowered testosterone level or stimulation by other hormones
      when compared to the ventral lobe. The significance of the subcellular
      distribution pattern of zinc during the experimental periods is discussed in
      relation to the possible functional significance of the metal in prostatic
      tissue.

PMID- 6835861
TI  - Effects of androgens on the ultrastructure and subcellular zinc distribution in
      the prostatic epithelium of castrated rats.
AB  - Sprague Dawley rats were maintained on testosterone propionate or 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone for 3 days following bilateral orchidectomy for a 7-day
      period. Ultrastructural examination showed only partial recovery of the prostatic
      epithelium with testosterone propionate while 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone caused
      the lateral and ventral lobes to revert to the appearance of control tissues. The
      latter metabolite induced greater stimulation of the prostate evidenced by
      increased mitotic division of the epithelial cells and an increased number of
      basal cells exhibiting ciliary formation was observed. Zinc concentrations in
      subcellular regions of both lateral and ventral prostate lobes were affected by
      the two androgens. Testosterone propionate was most effective in elevating zinc
      in the lateral lobe, particularly within the secretory components. In the ventral
      lobe both androgens caused an increase in subcellular zinc concentrations above
      control levels. The increase of nuclear and nucleolar zinc was related to the
      increase in nuclear activity and cellular response to the androgen
      administration.

PMID- 6835862
TI  - Separation of acid phosphatases in the rat ventral prostate by gel filtration,
      isoelectric focusing, and chromatofocusing.
AB  - Acid phosphatases of the rat ventral prostate were fractionated by gel filtration
      (GF) on Sepharose 6B, isoelectric focusing (IEF), and chromatofocusing (CF). In
      GF three activity peaks (GF-1, GF-2, GF-3) were disclosed. They showed some
      differences in substrate preference when six substrates (p-nitrophenyl phosphate;
      p-NPP; phenolphthalein phosphate, Phe-P; thymolphthalein phosphate, Tym-P; alpha
      naphthyl phosphate, alpha-NP; beta-naphthyl phosphate, beta-NP; naphthol ASBI
      phosphate, N-ASBI-P) were tested. Differences were also encountered in their
      sensitivity to tartrate and fluoride. IEF gave seven bands at different pI values
      (8.3, 8.1, 7.9, 7.1, 6.4, 5.5, and 5.0) with alpha-NP and beta-NP but only four
      with N-ASBI-P. Four of the bands (8.3, 8.1, 7.9, 5.5) were sensitive to tartrate.
      In CF eight activity peaks (CF-1 to CF-8) were resolved with the six substrates.
      They differed from each other in pI values, pH optima, substrate preference, and
      modifier characteristics. Peaks CF-1 (pI 8.3, pH 5.5), CF-2 (pI 8.1, pH 4.2) and
      CF-3 (pI 7.9, pH 4.2) had a large substrate spectrum and high sensitivity to
      tartrate and fluoride. CF-4 (pI 7.1, pH 6.0) and CF-7 (pI 5.5, pH 4.2) were low
      in activity, preferred alpha-NP as substrate, and were moderately sensitive to
      tartrate. CF-5 (pI 6.4, pH 5.5) and CF-8 (pI 5.0, pH 5.0) were able to hydrolyse
      all substrates tested with moderate inhibition by tartrate. CF-6 (pI 6.0, pH 5.0)
      showed a relative preference for p-NPP and Phe-P with no hydrolysis of N-ASBI-P
      and Tym-P. Of these activities CF-6 and CF-7 were also clearly activated by Co2+.
      Peaks CF-6 and CF-7 appeared the most sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate. It is
      concluded that activities CF-1, CF-2, and CF-3 are lysosomal isoenzymes with
      minor structural differences. The others are possibly all nonlysosomal with
      greater biochemical differences. Some of them apparently represent the secretory
      form(s) of acid phosphatase in the rat ventral prostate.

PMID- 6835864
TI  - Indomethacin decreases both prolactin binding and membrane fluidity of ventral
      and dorso-lateral lobes of rat prostate gland.

PMID- 6835865
TI  - Studies on the structural basis of the heterogeneity of human prostatic and
      seminal acid phosphatases.
AB  - We studied possible causes of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the acid
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) purified by affinity chromatography from human prostate
      and human seminal fluid. The isoelectric focusing pattern in polyacrylamide gel
      shows numerous bands in the pH range 4.0-5.2 and 5.5-5.9. Treatment with
      neuraminidase under conditions shown to cause complete removal of sialic acid
      does not abolish the observed heterogeneity. Although there is a change of the
      more acidic forms to ones having more basic pI values, at least 4 distinct bands
      remain. Structural differences at the amino terminal end can be ruled out as the
      cause of the remaining electrophoretic heterogeneity. Lysine is shown to be the
      amino terminal amino acid for both the prostatic and seminal fluid enzymes. The
      sequences of the first 23 amino acids are shown to be identical for the prostatic
      and seminal fluid acid phosphatases. The functional enzyme contains no metal ion
      but it can be stoichiometrically inactivated by cupric ion.

PMID- 6835867
TI  - Elimination of stored material from the seminal vesicles of the guinea pig
      following castration.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to determine what factors are involved in the
      disappearance of stored secretion from the seminal vesicles of the guinea pig and
      in the concurrent decline in weight of these glands following castration. Seminal
      vesicles of sexually mature males were unilaterally ligated, and the males were
      either castrated or left testes intact for a 14-day period. At necropsy, the
      seminal vesicles were removed and weighed, and biopsies were collected for
      histological inspection. The weight of nonligated vesicles from castrated males
      declined to less than half that of ligated sides. In testes-intact males, the
      weight of ligated vesicles was nearly double that of nonligated vesicles.
      Epithelial cell heights remained unchanged during the study. The rapid decline in
      weight of the guinea pig seminal vesicles following castration was attributed to
      the elimination of stored secretion by way of the urethra rather than by
      absorption.

PMID- 6835863
TI  - Evaluation of histological grading (Gleason) in carcinoma of the prostate:
      adverse influence of highest grade.
AB  - The value of the Gleason system of histological grading in carcinoma of the
      prostate is a subject of considerable controversy. The value of this system is
      demonstrated in a group of 488 patients treated radically with radiation therapy.
      Analysis, utilizing the Gleason system in these patients, indicates that the
      worst histological grade identified is most important in determining the
      prognosis. Since nearly 18% of our patients have more than two grades identified,
      simple identification of primary and secondary grades, ie, the two predominating
      grades, is inadequate and may underestimate the aggressiveness of the tumor. This
      finding has implications in the analysis of the results of treatment and in
      determining the method of treatment in individual patients.

PMID- 6835866
TI  - Evidence against a zinc binding peptide in pilocarpine-stimulated canine
      prostatic secretions.
AB  - Pilocarpine-stimulated canine prostatic secretions were subjected to gel
      filtration chromatography over Sephadex G-100 and Bio Gel P-4. Free zinc and the
      zinc in pilocarpine-stimulated canine prostatic secretions were observed to elute
      in the same fractions from the Sephadex G-100 column. In addition, Sephadex G-100
      chromatography could not resolve free zinc from the small peptide bacitracin.
      However, a column packed with Bio Gel P-4 could resolve free zinc and bacitracin.
      When pilocarpine-stimulated canine prostatic secretions were chromatographed over
      the Bio Gel P-4 column, the major portion of the zinc eluted in the same
      fractions as did free zinc. No zinc was observed in the fractions where the small
      peptide bacitracin was found to elute. These results indicate that contrary to a
      previous report, zinc in pilocarpine-stimulated canine prostatic secretions was
      not bound to an eight amino acid peptide, but, rather, behaved
      chromatographically like free zinc.

PMID- 6835868
TI  - Intractable urinary incontinence in geriatric patients. A management approach.
AB  - Care of the permanently incontinent patient is aimed at collection or controlled
      release of urine and maintenance of personal hygiene. Before the patient is
      submitted to long-term catheterization and its attendant risks of infection,
      incrustation, and urethritis, alternatives should be explored. These include
      condom catheters, penile clamps, incontinence underpants, and various surgical
      procedures. Management is much the same for men and women, except that
      incontinence underpants are employed more often for women. In all patients, long
      term catheterization should always be considered a last resort.

PMID- 6835871
TI  - Anemia in the elderly. Common causes and suggested diagnostic approach.
AB  - Anemia is a frequent finding in the elderly. Hypochromic microcytic anemia,
      usually secondary to iron deficiency, is the most common type. Macrocytic anemia,
      usually caused by folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, is the next most common.
      Both iron and vitamin B deficiencies are easy to treat with supplements, but the
      clinician must make a careful search for the cause of the deficiency.
      Normochromic normocytic anemia can be caused by a number of conditions. The only
      effective treatment is arrest or cure of the underlying disorder.

PMID- 6835870
TI  - Watch out, guys: the women are here!

PMID- 6835869
TI  - Cause-specific management of shock.
AB  - Any condition that decreases blood volume, cardiac output, or peripheral
      vasomotor tone sufficiently to impair tissue perfusion can cause shock. The cause
      should be established so that specific therapy can be given, but in the meantime,
      general measures should be directed at shock itself. Besides fluid resuscitation,
      these include correction of acid-base imbalance and maximization of tissue
      oxygenation. If hypotension persists after adequate fluid replacement,
      vasopressor therapy is indicated. Various drugs are available, and the choice
      depends on the pharmacologic characteristics of the agent and the
      pathophysiologic process involved.

PMID- 6835872
TI  - Proscriptions for better health.

PMID- 6835873
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. A five-article symposium.

PMID- 6835874
TI  - Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease is one of a number of conditions that can cause the syndrome
      of dementia. In the absence of a specific and simple test for Alzheimer's
      disease, the diagnosis is one of exclusion. There are several pitfalls in the
      diagnostic process, including failure to recognize depressive pseudodementia,
      focal brain disorders, and acute organomental syndromes. With an increasing
      proportion of elderly persons in the population, it is even more imperative to
      pursue accurate diagnosis with vigor, since several of the causes of dementia are
      treatable, whereas Alzheimer's disease is not.

PMID- 6835875
TI  - Beeper pollution.

PMID- 6835876
TI  - Mental status examination in Alzheimer's disease. The neuropsychologist's role.
AB  - The neuropsychologic consultant can offer an objective and comprehensive method
      of documenting the mental status of patients being evaluated for dementia. The
      neurobehavioral examination is an extension and elaboration of the bedside mental
      status examination, with added methods of controlling for various background
      factors that can influence performance on cognitive testing. In dementia, the
      cognitive findings appear to have a close association with the underlying
      neuropathologic changes and mortality. This makes the neurobehavioral examination
      useful in differentiating dementia from other neurologic and psychiatric
      conditions when the clinical diagnosis is uncertain.

PMID- 6835877
TI  - Day care for Alzheimer's disease. Profile of one program.
AB  - In its first year of operation, the Alzheimer's Disease Day Treatment Program has
      proved beneficial to both patients and families. The program has aided family
      members in acceptance of the illness through education, in practical problem
      solving through information, and in reduction of the burden of care through
      respite. Family members have learned how to manage their feelings and have
      increased their insight into the determinants of patient behavior. In learning to
      cope with the illness, they have helped both themselves and the patient.

PMID- 6835878
TI  - Asymptomatic pheochromocytoma. Diagnosis after hemorrhagic stroke in a middle
      aged patient.

PMID- 6835879
TI  - Elevated catecholamine levels in hypertension. Basis for misdiagnosis of
      pheochromocytoma in three patients.
AB  - These three cases show that the laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, like
      that of other endocrine disorders, may be in error if the physiologic state of
      the patient is not taken into consideration. Each of these patients had a
      condition that enhanced catecholamine production--hypothyroidism in one case,
      volume depletion induced by use of diuretics in another, and alcoholism in the
      third. When these conditions were controlled, catecholamine values returned to
      normal.

PMID- 6835880
TI  - Precautionary measures for the wise traveler. Some common hazards.
AB  - Several risks can be posed by travel, even when the stay is not protracted nor
      the destination exotic. Air travelers should consider the potential problems
      associated with decreased cabin pressure, hypoxia, and circadian dysrhythmia,
      problems that can contraindicate flying for some. Motion sickness can affect
      those traveling by air, sea, or land; medications are available to combat the
      symptoms, and several other remedies such as changing visual stimuli are also
      worth trying. Persons staying in hotels, particularly high rises, should review
      several general guidelines for defensive action in case of fire and should become
      familiar with the physical layout and escape routes of the building in which they
      are staying.

PMID- 6835882
TI  - Wellness: practice what you preach.

PMID- 6835881
TI  - Is the syndrome burning feet or restless legs?

PMID- 6835883
TI  - Immunizations for the elderly.

PMID- 6835884
TI  - Toward an added dimension of medical practice.

PMID- 6835885
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis. Clinical syndromes and laboratory diagnosis.
AB  - Thyrotoxicosis is not one but many syndromes, and a variety of thyroid and
      nonthyroid disorders can clinically simulate thyrotoxicosis. Thus, diagnosis is
      not always straightforward. Heat intolerance and weight loss are hallmarks of the
      disorder. For correct identification, abnormal elevation of triiodothyronine (T3)
      or thyroxine (T4), specifically the free hormone or the calculated free hormone
      index, must be demonstrated. Thyroidal uptake of iodine 123 helps to identify the
      etiology of the specific thyrotoxic syndrome.

PMID- 6835886
TI  - Clinical experience with injectable meptazinol--a new strong analgesic.
      Proceedings of a symposium. Blenheim Palace, November 5 and 6, 1982.

PMID- 6835887
TI  - Reversibility of the analgesic effect of meptazinol in volunteers.
AB  - A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was carried out in 8 healthy
      volunteers to determine whether the analgesic and other actions of meptazinol
      could be reversed by naloxone or hyoscine. Heart rate, blood pressure,
      respiratory rate, pupil diameter, forearm ischaemic exercise tolerance and dental
      pain threshold were measured before and up to 45 minutes after intramuscular
      meptazinol 100 mg or placebo, when 'reversal' was attempted with intravenous
      naloxone 2 mg, hyoscine 1.6 mg or placebo. Meptazinol caused mild pupillary
      constriction which is unlikely to be clinically significant. Forearm ischaemic
      exercise tolerance failed to show any analgesic effect of meptazinol. Measurement
      of dental pain threshold strongly suggested reversal of meptazinol analgesia by
      naloxone but not by hyoscine, but inter-subject variation in analgesic response
      was great and these results require confirmation in a group pre-selected for
      consistent response.

PMID- 6835888
TI  - A comparison of intramuscular meptazinol (100 mg) and papaveretum (20 mg) on
      human performance studies in healthy male volunteers.

PMID- 6835889
TI  - The use of intramuscular meptazinol in the relief of post-operative pain after
      abdominal hysterectomy--a review.
AB  - In previously published studies of post-abdominal hysterectomy pain control
      reviewed here, meptazinol in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg intramuscularly (i.m.)
      caused significant dose-related pain relief. Meptazinol 100 mg i.m. was
      equipotent as an analgesic when compared with either Omnopon 20 mg i.m.,
      pentazocine 60 mg i.m. or pethidine 100 mg i.m. Meptazinol in doses of 60, 75 and
      100 mg i.m. was not significantly different from pethidine 100 mg in relieving
      pain when assessed by the pain relief score.

PMID- 6835890
TI  - Continuous infusion of meptazinol and pethidine in the relief of post-operative
      pain.
AB  - Thirty patients who had undergone major abdominal surgery were randomly assigned
      to a continuous infusion of either 0.45 mg meptazinol/kg/hr or 0.3 mg
      pethidine/kg/hr. Analgesia was assessed by rating scale, ranging from 0 (no pain)
      to 10 (unbearable pain), and by questionnaire. Respiration rate was closely
      monitored and end-tidal PCO2 measured. Both drugs provided effective analgesia.
      The median rating of pain over the 24 hr post operation was 2.6 with meptazinol
      and 2.9 with pethidine, a difference that was not statistically significant. No
      patient in either group reported a distressing degree of discomfort. Although no
      patients exhibited clinically significant respiratory depression or sleep apnoea,
      high (greater than 6 Kpa) end-tidal PCO2 values were significantly more frequent
      in the pethidine than in the meptazinol group (P less than 0.01). This suggests a
      greater margin of safety with the use of meptazinol. The smaller effect of
      meptazinol on respiratory activity might make it especially appropriate for
      administration by continuous infusion--a technique which has practical advantages
      over intermittent intramuscular injection and which has been shown to be more
      effective in the control of post-operative pain. Patients' responses in the
      present study demonstrate the efficacy of continuous infusion as a means of
      relieving post-operative pain and confirm previous findings that 0.5 mg/kg/hr
      meptazinol provides a good degree of analgesia.

PMID- 6835891
TI  - Preliminary clinical and pharmacokinetic experiences in the newborn when
      meptazinol is compared with pethidine as an obstetric analgesic.
AB  - Preliminary results on the disposition of meptazinol in the neonate are reviewed.
      Meptazinol has a half-life of 3.4 hours compared with 22.7 hours for pethidine.
      In a randomised double blind trial of 100 patients the depressant effects in the
      newborn of meptazinol and pethidine were compared. There was no difference in the
      Apgar scores at 1 and 3 minutes. Weight loss and the incidence of neonatal
      jaundice were less when mothers received meptazinol although these differences
      did not reach statistical significance. However, the number of infants considered
      fit for discharge by the 6th day was significantly greater in the meptazinol
      groups. In 43 cases transcutaneous monitoring of arterial PO2 was carried out for
      30 minutes following delivery. Although the mean PaO2 was similar for meptazinol
      and pethidine, significant variations in the PaO2 of 2.0 kPa or greater and
      significant neonatal activity as judged by episodes of crying and movement, were
      recorded in the meptazinol group. The results of the trial suggest that
      meptazinol may have less depressant effects on the newborn, and may be preferable
      to pethidine as an obstetric analgesic.

PMID- 6835892
TI  - Initial assessment of meptazinol in the treatment of the pain of myocardial
      infarction/unstable angina.
AB  - Meptazinol, a new analgesic agent, was used to treat chest pain in patients
      admitted to a coronary care unit with suspected myocardial infarction or unstable
      angina. A pilot study showed that meptazinol was effective in relieving pain in
      15 out of 22 subjects. There were no adverse haemodynamic effects nor respiratory
      depression. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred with administration of the drug but
      as these symptoms may occur in patients with myocardial infarction who have not
      received any analgesia (Ingram et al., 1980), a cause and effect relationship
      cannot be inferred in this respect. The incidence of other side effects ascribed
      to meptazinol was low.

PMID- 6835894
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of the use of meptazinol in trauma.

PMID- 6835893
TI  - Cardiac and circulatory effects of high-dose meptazinol in anaesthetized
      patients.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of three doses of meptazinol were studied in 9
      anaesthetized patients before surgery. Three patients of each group received a
      bolus injection of 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg. In all groups, cardiac output, mean arterial
      pressure, heart rate and the rate pressure product fell significantly. The
      systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. The pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure were stable
      throughout the 90 minutes observation period. None of the doses of meptazinol had
      a deleterious effect on myocardial contractility although the observed changes
      were more pronounced with the 4 mg/kg dose. It is concluded that meptazinol
      improves the myocardial oxygen demand/supply ratio mainly through its negative
      chronotropic effect and a reduction of afterload.

PMID- 6835895
TI  - The treatment of chronic pain by the use of meptazinol administered into the
      epidural space.

PMID- 6835896
TI  - Administration of meptazinol to opiate-dependent patients.
AB  - A double blind comparison of the effect of intravenous meptazinol 100 mg and
      placebo was carried out on 8 opiate-dependent patients who were on a prolonged
      methadone withdrawal regime. Psychological and physiological measurements
      revealed no significant differences between meptazinol and placebo, and no
      patient reported pleasurable effects following meptazinol injection. These
      findings support the evidence from animal studies that meptazinol is unlikely to
      be abused by opiate addicts or to lead to dependence.

PMID- 6835897
TI  - The effect of genetic origin, source of antigen, and dose of antigen on the
      immune response of cockerels.
AB  - The total agglutinin antibody titers and the 2-mercaptoethanol resistant antibody
      titers were determined in cockerels of three genetic origins, i.e., White
      Plymouth Rock (WPR), White Leghorn (WL), and a medium heavy breed cross (Warren).
      At 34 days of age the chicks were injected i.m. with 1.0 ml of either 100, 10, or
      1% suspension of packed sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in phosphate buffered
      saline. Antibody titers were determined on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 postinjection.
      The response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was measured at 49 days of age after
      intradermal injections of the antigen into the wingweb of the birds that had
      received the 100% suspension of SRBC. Differences among genetic groups resulted
      in significant differences for total antibody titers. The ranking of groups of
      different origin varied with day postinjection. The highest antigen dose yielded
      the highest antibody titers and there were no significant genetic origin-dose
      interactions. The WPR cockerels showed the greatest swelling in the PHA test,
      followed by the Warren and WL in that order, with differences being significant
      (P less than .05). There was no correlation between antibody titers to SRBC
      measured on day 3, 7, and 14 postinjection and PHA response, either overall or
      within groups of different genetic origin. We tentatively conclude that selection
      for general immune responsiveness may mean combining parameters of antibody and
      cell-mediated immune responses. The WPR cockerels were significantly (P less than
      .005) heavier than the Warren cockerels, which in turn were significantly heavier
      (P less than .005) than the WL. Statistical analyses suggest that the antibody
      response may be independent of body weight differences within genetically similar
      groups.

PMID- 6835899
TI  - Selection for body weight at eight weeks of age in dwarf and normal meat-type
      chickens originating from a common control population background.
AB  - A study was conducted to evaluate responses to selection for 8-week body weight
      in normal and dwarf meat-type broiler lines originating from the same nonselected
      randombred population. Following three generations of selection, normal and dwarf
      dams were mated to males from a commercial broiler stock to compare strain cross
      performance of progeny from the two dam groups. The mean realized heritabilities
      across four generations for 8-week body weight, estimated by dividing the
      cumulative responses by the cumulative selection differentials, were .69 for
      normal lines and .59 for dwarf lines. Realized estimates from regression of
      population means on cumulative selection differentials were .78 +/- .10 and .74
      +/- .02 for normal lines and .70 +/- .14 and .59 +/- .19 for dwarf lines.
      Although these estimates were not significantly different, realized
      heritabilities were consistently greater in normal than in dwarf lines across
      generations. The smaller heritability estimates observed in dwarf lines were
      compensated for by larger selection intensities (i), which resulted in similar
      selection responses in 8-week body weight for normal and dwarf genotypes. The
      fertility of normal and dwarf females mated to commercial broiler males was
      identical. However, the hatchability of fertile eggs was approximately 10% higher
      for dwarfs than for normal females. Body weights (8-week) of male progeny from
      dwarf dams mated to commercial males were 3% smaller than comparable males from
      normal dams. There were no differences between 8-week body weights of female
      progeny from normal and dwarf dams mated to commercial males.

PMID- 6835898
TI  - Use of repeated matings to estimate environmental and genetic trends and effects
      of relaxing selection in a selected strain of Leghorn chickens.
AB  - Response from index selection for egg production traits in a Leghorn strain over
      7 years was partitioned into estimates of total (delta T), temporary (delta R),
      and net genetic (delta G) response, by producing progeny from selected (A) and
      unselected (D) first year breeders and from second year breeders (B) and first
      year full-sisters of previous years A breeders (C). In A, B, C, and D
      populations, average yearly number of full-sib families was 121, 47, 37, and
      about 50 and of birds with complete records was 824, 287, 258, and 298.
      Restricting A to repeated B families added positive bias in delta G for
      viability, age at first egg, and rate of lay. Estimates of delta G and delta R
      from B and C populations were similar. Yearly environmental change (delta E) was
      over three times the phenotypic change (delta P) for egg numbers, emphasizing
      necessity for intra-year estimates of delta G and delta R. Temporary response
      (delta R) approached or exceeded total response (delta T) for mortality and
      accounted for 40% of delta T for rate of lay and 60% for economic index,
      suggesting adverse maternal environmental effects from relaxing selection (D).
      Net yearly genetic change (delta G) was 1.5% for rate of lay, $.18 per bird, and
      in desired direction for most traits. Estimated net yearly response for rate of
      lay exceeded that predicted from .64 sigma male and .92 sigma female index
      selection differentials and sire-component genetic parameters (.6%) but agreed
      ($.16) for economic index. Efficiency and bias for the repeat-mating design are
      handicapped by mortality and health-related maternal effects.

PMID- 6835900
TI  - Posthatch incubation time and early growth of broiler chickens.
AB  - Fertile eggs from broiler breeder hens were hatched to evaluate the effects of
      time of hatch and time held in the incubator posthatch on subsequent chick
      weights to 4 weeks of age. All chicks suitable for removal at 486, 492, 498, 504,
      510, 516, and 522 hr of incubation in Trial 1 were weighed at their respective
      hatch times. One-half of each group remained in the incubator until 522 hr and
      the rest were placed in brooding pens at the initial weighing time, with water
      provided immediately and feed 6 hr later. The earlier the chicks hatched, the
      greater was the weight loss when held in the incubator to 522 hr (over 10% loss
      for those hatched at 486 and 492 hr). Males removed at hatch times of 486, 492,
      498, and 504 hr were significantly heavier to 4 weeks of age than were their
      hatch mates held to 522 hr. A similar but less pronounced response was noted for
      females. Time on feed did not account for the total differences noted. Earlier
      hatching female chicks in Trial 1 were heavier at the time of hatch. They tended
      to maintain this weight advantage to 4 weeks of age when not held, but lost it
      when left in the incubator for the total hatching period. This effect was less
      pronounced for males. Trial 2 eggs were obtained from a different breeding source
      that had a larger egg size. Resulting chick weights were a higher percentage of
      initial egg weight than those in Trial 1. With hatch times of 492, 500, 508, and
      516 hr, the trend was similar to that in Trial 1 but much less pronounced.

PMID- 6835901
TI  - Effect of step-down and step-up protein-energy feeding systems on egg-type pullet
      growth and laying performance.
AB  - Four egg-type pullet feeding systems were compared for the production of egg-type
      pullets. The dietary regimens consisted of either a step-down protein, high
      energy feeding program; a step-down protein, low energy program; a step-up
      protein, high energy program; or a step-up protein, low energy program. At 150
      days of age all pullets were housed 2 birds per 25.4 X 45.7 cm laying cage and
      fed a standard layer diet (16% protein). The experiment utilized 2880 birds grown
      on the floor in a conventional growing house. At 140 days of age, birds subjected
      to the step-up protein feeding programs were 82 g smaller in mean body weight,
      had higher mortality, and consumed less feed than the birds on the step-down
      protein feeding programs. Body weights at 140 days of age were 1.17 and 1.09 kg
      for the step-down and step-up feeding programs, respectively. Energy levels fed
      had no significant effect on pullet weight, feed consumed, or mortality to 140
      days of age. During the laying phase, hens that had been on the step-down protein
      feeding program reached 50% production 2.0 days earlier than birds subjected to
      the step-up protein feeding program. Hen-day production for the step-down and
      step-up pullet feeding systems based on 308 days' records was 76.09 and 76.86%,
      respectively. Feed efficiency and mature body weight were not significantly
      affected by grower feeding programs. The largest egg size and highest laying
      house mortality were noted in hens grown on the step-down protein feeding
      program.

PMID- 6835902
TI  - The relationship of altered water/feed intake ratios on growth and abdominal fat
      in commercial broilers.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to investigate the relationship of changing
      water/feed ratios on growth rate and abdominal fat levels of two genetic lines.
      Water/feed intake ratios were elevated by feed restriction programs (skip-a-day
      and 70% restriction) from 0 to 4 days of age. Following return to ad libitum
      feed, compensatory gains were observed in body weights, and the elevated
      water/feed ratios declined to levels similar to that of controls. The addition of
      up to 2.4% dietary salt resulted in increased water/feed intake ratios without
      reductions in feed intake. Early body weights of birds receiving diets containing
      high levels of salt were larger than body weights of birds receiving the control
      diet. Peak differences in body weights occurred at 4 days and were larger in
      males than females. Feed efficiency from 0 to 4 days was higher for birds
      receiving high salt diets than for birds receiving the control diet. Decreasing
      the high salt levels resulted in reduced water/feed ratios to levels comparable
      to controls. Small differences were observed in abdominal fat between the two
      genetic lines. Abdominal fat weights were significantly (P less than or equal to
      .05) reduced (17 to 28%) in both lines when birds were fed a 2.4% salt diet.
      Although abdominal fat weights were similar between sexes, differences in body
      weights resulted in significant (P less than or equal to .05) differences between
      males and females in percent abdominal fat. Data indicated that high water/feed
      intake ratios may be associated with reduced abdominal fat.

PMID- 6835903
TI  - Influence of protein level in the resting diet upon performance of force rested
      hens.

PMID- 6835905
TI  - Circulating corticosterone responses of feed and water deprived broilers and
      Japanese quail.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to delineate the acute stress response of commercial
      broilers to feed and water deprivation for 10 hr. The effect of method of
      nutrient deprivation, cooping versus removal of feed and water from broiler floor
      pens, was also considered. Bihourly plasma corticosterone measures were made
      during 10-hr withdrawal periods, and significant alterations in this adrenal
      steroid were considered indicative of stress. In all studies, feed and water
      deprivation produced significant elevations in plasma corticosterone
      concentrations. Cooped broilers exhibited a shorter onset and more exaggerated
      magnitude of adrenal responsiveness than floor penned broilers deprived of feed
      and water. There was also evidence that plasma corticosterone secretion in floor
      penned broilers was continual (linearly increasing) throughout the 10-hr
      withdrawal period. In contrast, maximal corticosterone responses followed by
      waning hormonal levels (an increasing quadratic function) were evident in cooped
      broilers. It was concluded that procedures involved in physically cooping birds,
      as well as the restraint cooping imposed, were acting additively to the stress
      associated solely with feed and water deprivation. Changes in plasma volume, as
      evidenced by percent packed cell volume changes during treatment periods, were
      not responsible for the corticosterone elevations observed. In a separate
      experiment, battery housed Japanese quail deprived of feed and water for 12 hr
      exhibited a temporal plasma corticosterone response very similar to that observed
      in floor penned broilers deprived of feed and water. Full-fed control quail
      exhibited only random temporal hormonal fluctuations during this time. It was
      likewise concluded that the practice of feed and water deprivation in quail
      constitutes a significant nonspecific stressor.

PMID- 6835904
TI  - Antibody response against newcastle disease in commercial broilers fed different
      dietary protein levels.
AB  - A factorial experiment was conducted with two levels of dietary protein (17.5 and
      26%) and three vaccination regimens (inactivated oil-emulsion, live LaSota
      strain, and unvaccinated) against Newcastle disease at 10 days of age. There were
      two trials with 3 pens of 15 male broiler chicks each per cell. Birds fed the
      high protein diet grew significantly better (P less than .05) in the second trial
      (1731 g at 6 weeks vs. 1622 g) but not in the first (1304 vs. 1244 g); no growth
      differences were noted due to vaccine. At 3 weeks of age, the hemagglutination
      inhibition antibody titers from the live vaccine were significantly (P less than
      .01) higher than from the inactivated vaccine. At 3 weeks of age, antibody titers
      from the inactivated vaccine were elevated (P less than .05) in birds fed the low
      protein diet in the second trial. At 6 weeks of age, antibody titers were
      affected by vaccine (P less than .05) but not by dietary protein. Antibody titer
      levels were higher from the inactivated vaccine than from the live vaccine in the
      first trial; these results were reversed in the second trial. Postchallenge
      results with the Texas GB strain of Newcastle did not reveal any significant
      differences due to dietary protein content, trial, or type of vaccine.

PMID- 6835906
TI  - Circulating corticosterone response of wild-type Japanese quail to albino quail
      intrusion.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the ability of albino Japanese quail
      intruders to elicit serum corticosterone responses in established populations of
      wild-type (W-T) quail. In Experiment 1, W-T quail were mixed with albino
      strangers and blood sampled prior to (T0) and 2 hr after (T2) mixing. A second W
      T group, serving as a control, was bled at these same times but was not subjected
      to albino intrusion. In Experiment 2, a similar protocol was followed, except
      albino treated and control quail were not bled at T0. Blood samples were assayed
      for their serum corticosterone content by radioimmunoassay. The incidence of
      headbanging behavior by W-T quail from T0 to T2 was also determined. Both control
      and albino treated W-T quail exhibited significantly elevated mean serum
      corticosterone levels at T2 when compared to their T0 hormone levels. However,
      when the quail were not bled at T0, a significantly higher mean plasma
      corticosterone level was found at T2 in albino treated wild types in comparison
      to control treated quail at this time. Although percent of individuals
      headbanging was similar in both control and albino treated W-T quail handled at
      T0, albino quail intrusion produced a significant doubling in the incidence of
      headbanging by W-T quail not previously handled. Serum corticosterone and
      headbanging behavior were not correlated. Collectively, these data would appear
      to indicate that albino quail intruders serve as effective nonspecific systemic
      stressors to W-T quail, provided the latter are not handled beforehand.

PMID- 6835907
TI  - The performance of brown egg-type layers fed different protein and energy levels
      in the tropics.
AB  - The effects of feeding three protein levels (16, 18, and 20%), each at three
      metabolizable energy levels (2400, 2600, and 2800 kcal/kg diet), were studied
      with 990 caged Warren Studler Sex-Sal Link pullets over a 336-day laying period.
      Dietary protein had no significant effects on hen-day egg production, egg weight,
      Haugh units, feed intake, feed conversion, feed cost per dozen eggs, caloric
      intake, egg weights, and final body weight. Protein consumption on all levels of
      dietary protein was over 20 g per bird per day and increased significantly with
      increases in dietary protein. Mortality was lowest on the highest protein level.
      The highest energy level (2800 kcal/kg diet) significantly depressed egg
      production and feed and protein intake. The feed costs per dozen eggs increased
      significantly with increases in dietary energy level. Caloric intake and final
      body weights were similar for the medium (2600 kcal/kg diet) and highest energy
      levels (2800 kcal/kg diet) but significantly higher than that obtained on the
      lowest energy level (2400 kcal/kg diet). Egg weights, Haugh units, feed per dozen
      eggs, and mortality were not significantly affected by energy levels. In spite of
      the average maximum monthly temperatures, ranging from 26.8 to 35.2 C, annual egg
      production was about 71 to 73% for the best groups, figures comparable with those
      obtainable in temperate climates. Egg weight and Haugh units were similar to
      reported temperate zone values. This experiment supports the use of 16% protein
      and a metabolizable energy level of 2400 kcal/kg diet for brown egg-type layers.

PMID- 6835908
TI  - Effect of low salt, sodium, and chloride levels in poult rations on growth, bone
      development, and related factors.
AB  - Two 4-week trials were conducted to determine the role of sodium chloride (salt)
      on field rickets in poults. A comparison of added dietary salt at 0, .075, .10,
      .25, and .45% to a corn-soy basal with .103% salt showed significant differences
      (P less than .05) in body weight gains, blood calcium, magnesium and sodium, feed
      conversion, and adrenal gland weights among the treatments. Mortality and
      abnormal bone scores decreased with increasing salt. When sodium was added to the
      basal diet as a single element for the poults at either 0, .09, .10, .11, and
      .12%, or chloride at 0, .009, .01, .02, and .03% in comparison to a control group
      with .20% sodium and .30% chloride, significant differences were found in weekly
      gain, bone ash, bone breaking strength, tibia weight/body weight, and serum
      alkaline phosphatase levels between the sodium, chloride, and the combined
      element groups. Bone abnormality scores decreased with increasing levels of both
      sodium and chloride in diets.

PMID- 6835909
TI  - Variation in the potassium needs of chickens selected genetically for variation
      in blood uric acid concentrations.
AB  - Two strains of sex-linked dwarf chickens that have been selected genetically for
      divergence in plasma uric acid concentrations were found to differ in their
      requirements for potassium. The rates of growth of chicks from both strains were
      similar when nutritionally adequate levels of potassium were provided. However,
      the growth of chicks having normal plasma uric acid concentrations was
      significantly poorer than that of hyperuricemic chicks when the chicks received
      potassium-deficient diets, and the retention of dietary potassium was less in the
      former group. There were no consistent strain differences in response to sodium
      deficiency. Because the two strains previously were found to differ in the renal
      tubular transport of uric acid, the strain difference in potassium requirement
      may reflect an association of potassium with uric acid excretion.

PMID- 6835910
TI  - Precursor (amino acid): product (vitamin) interrelationship for growing chicks as
      illustrated by tryptophan-niacin and methionine-choline.
AB  - Experiments were conducted with crossbred chicks to examine the growth response
      to a vitamin when its precursor amino acid was in either deficient or adequate
      supply in the diet and vice versa. The tryptophan-niacin and methionine-choline
      interrelationships were thus examined. No growth responses to dietary niacin or
      choline were observed during severe tryptophan or methionine deficiency,
      respectively. However, when adequate levels of the precursor amino acids were
      present, marked gain and gain/feed responses to these vitamins occurred. In
      contrast, gain and feed efficiency responses to tryptophan or methionine occurred
      regardless of the chick's niacin or choline status, respectively.

PMID- 6835912
TI  - Beltsville poultry semen extender. 7. Comparison of commercial diluents for
      holding turkey semen six hours at 15 C.
AB  - The ability of three commercial semen diluents (Minnesota, I.M.V.-French and
      Universal) and the Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) to maintain the
      fertilizing capacity of turkey semen held 6 hr at 15 C was examined. Hens were
      inseminated weekly for 20 wk and hatchability of eggs was determined. Neither
      candling nor true fertility of semen diluted 1:1 in BPSE, the Minnesota, or
      I.M.V.-French diluent and held for 6 hr differed significantly from each other.
      Fertility of semen held 6 hr in BPSE or Universal diluent was lower than their
      respective unstored controls. No difference in fertility was observed between
      semen held in Minnesota or I.M.V.-French diluent and their unstored controls.
      Significantly higher hatch of fertile eggs and of all eggs set was obtained from
      hens inseminated with semen diluted (0 hr) with BPSE (90 and 86%) than all other
      diluents. Hatch of fertile eggs was higher from hens inseminated with semen held
      6 hr in Universal (90%) and French (86%) extenders and lower for the Minnesota
      (78%) extender. No difference was observed in hatch of fertile eggs between the
      BPSE (84%) and French (86%) extender. Hatchability of all eggs set was higher
      when hens were inseminated with semen held 6 hr in the I.M.V.-French diluent
      (81%) when compared to hens inseminated with the Minnesota (75%) or Universal
      diluent (75%). No differences in hatch of all eggs set were noted when BPSE (77%)
      and the commercial extenders were compared.

PMID- 6835911
TI  - Prevention of epinephrine and stress-induced egg laying delay by feeding
      propranolol to the laying hen.
AB  - White Leghorn laying hens fed propranolol (2 to 8 mg/100 g food) were injected
      subcutaneously with epinephrine (.5 to 4.0 mg) or saline (4.0 ml). The time
      interval between first and second ovipositions was delayed about 9 to 14 hr in
      the epinephrine-injected hens and about 4 hr in the saline-injected hens as
      compared to control hens. When propranolol was added to the food about 24 hr
      prior to epinephrine or saline injections, delayed ovipositions were prevented.
      Ovulation occurred in hens having an egg in the shell gland (uterus) after
      epinephrine injections. These results suggest that propranolol may be added to
      the food to prevent a fall in laying during stress.

PMID- 6835913
TI  - Instance of melanosis in the gonads of male Indian Robin, Saxicoloides fulicata
      (Lin).
AB  - In excess of 300 Indian Robin (S. fulicata Lin.) males were examined during
      different phases of the reproductive cycle (180 during the breeding phase and 140
      during the remaining phases) for the presence of melanin pigment in the testes.
      Melanosis (melanin localization) was evident during the regression (31%),
      preparatory (40%), and progressive (31%) phases in one or both testes of a
      specimen but was never observed in the breeding phase. Further, melanin was
      localized only in the intertubular area and was never found in the tubular
      elements or the tunic. Histomorphological studies of pigmented and nonpigmented
      testes and of the adrenals taken from these specimens suggest that
      spermatogenesis in the nonpigmented testes is slightly more advanced than in the
      pigmented testes and that the melanosis might have developed due to a malfunction
      of the adrenals.

PMID- 6835914
TI  - The performance of laying hens as affected by copper sulfate and methionine
      level.
AB  - Two strains of White Leghorn hens were subjected to seven copper treatments that
      included a negative control for the first week of each of five 28-day periods.
      The hens were approximately 500 days of age when the experiment began. Copper
      treatments were assigned to simulate the different levels of copper intake that
      might result from differences in daily feed intake similar to the practice
      followed with commercial industry. In order to simulate daily dietary intake
      ranging from a low of 73 to a high of 136 g per bird, levels of 76, 91, 100, 114,
      129, and 143 mg of copper sulfate per kilogram were added to each of the basal
      diets. Treatments were administered across two methionine levels in a corn-soy
      basal diet. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, daily feed intake, and feed
      efficiency values were not affected by dietary levels of copper or methionine.
      Hens fed diets containing low methionine laid eggs with significantly poorer
      specific gravity.

PMID- 6835917
TI  - Testicular atrophy in Gallus domesticus fed acute doses of copper fungicides.
AB  - Acute oral toxicity of the copper fungicides, copper sulphate and copper
      oxychloride, were studied in male Gallus domesticus. The median lethal dose for
      copper sulphate and copper oxychloride determined were 693 and 1263 mg/kg body
      weight, respectively. Severe diarrhea and delayed mortality (3 to 6 days) was
      characteristic of copper oxychloride. Liver weights were nearly doubled in birds
      fed copper oxychloride and marked dose-dependent testicular atrophy was noticed
      in both copper sulphate and copper oxychloride fed birds. Mild to severe
      spermatogenetic arrest concomitant with testicular atrophy was observed.
      Histochemically, the interstitial (Leydig) cells and seminiferous tubules showed
      intense accumulation of cholesterol-positive lipids. The degree of lipophilia
      appeared to be directly proportional to the extent of spermatogenetic arrest, and
      these results are suggestive of steroidogenic inhibition in the Leydig cells of
      the atrophied testis.

PMID- 6835916
TI  - Eimeria acervulina infection and the zinc-copper interrelationship in the chick.
AB  - An experiment was conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of
      duodenal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina infection on the
      interrelationship between dietary copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). A corn-soybean meal
      diet (devoid of Zn fortification) was supplemented with Zn (50 mg/kg) or Cu (250
      mg/kg), or both; these diets were fed to control or coccidiosis-infected chicks.
      The coccidial infection depressed rate and efficiency of weight gain. Excess
      dietary Cu had no effect on performance of control or infected chicks. Zinc
      supplementation did not affect performance of control chicks, but it improved
      both rate and efficiency of weight gain in E. acervulina-infected chicks. Liver
      Zn concentration was decreased by coccidiosis, increased by Zn supplementation,
      but unaffected by excess dietary Cu. Liver Cu concentration was increased by
      excess dietary Cu and by coccidiosis but decreased by Zn supplementation of the
      diet. These data indicate that coccidiosis impaired Zn utilization and
      precipitated Zn deficiency in the chick.

PMID- 6835915
TI  - The effect of subcutaneous injection of oxytetracycline and vitamins in day-old
      broiler chicks.

PMID- 6835918
TI  - [Cytostatics and the lung].

PMID- 6835919
TI  - [Effects of chronic alcoholism on tuberculosis treatment from the standpoint of
      increased resistance].

PMID- 6835921
TI  - [Reference values in ventilatory lung function].

PMID- 6835920
TI  - [Small airways disease: the value of stepwise discriminant analyses in
      diagnosis].

PMID- 6835922
TI  - [Control of the course of lung fibrosis--which function parameters reflect the
      current clinical picture?].

PMID- 6835923
TI  - [Behavior of airway resistance during O2 breathing in patients with obstructive
      ventilation disorders].

PMID- 6835924
TI  - [Bronchography and thyroid function].

PMID- 6835925
TI  - [Experiences with ambulatory therapy of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6835926
TI  - [Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in the therapy of primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 6835929
TI  - [In the hospital, the bacteriologic purity of food is a necessity].

PMID- 6835928
TI  - [Congestive heart failure in children--diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6835927
TI  - [Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartosis].

PMID- 6835931
TI  - [Why do cancer patients resort to unconventional medicine? A psychological
      perspective].

PMID- 6835930
TI  - [The treatment team of the cancer and leukemia patient].

PMID- 6835933
TI  - [Aphakia today].

PMID- 6835932
TI  - [Ergonomics of vision with reference to problems with display screens].

PMID- 6835934
TI  - [Evaluation of retinal vascular changes due to hypertension].

PMID- 6835935
TI  - [Diabetes and color vision].

PMID- 6835936
TI  - [Restless legs].

PMID- 6835937
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ascites].

PMID- 6835939
TI  - [Sonography of the biliary tract].

PMID- 6835940
TI  - [Practical advantages and disadvantages of computerized tomography and ultrasound
      of the abdominal region].

PMID- 6835938
TI  - [Temporal arteritis with the appearance of zoster-like skin necroses].

PMID- 6835942
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of the retroperitoneum and spleen].

PMID- 6835941
TI  - [Value of sonography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice].

PMID- 6835943
TI  - [Sonography of the kidney, the urinary tract and the adrenal glands].

PMID- 6835944
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis in gynecology].

PMID- 6835945
TI  - [More safety and efficacy for oral anticoagulation].

PMID- 6835946
TI  - [Vascular surgery of the brain].

PMID- 6835947
TI  - [Marital therapy by the family physician. I: The concept of marital collusion].

PMID- 6835949
TI  - [Carbohydrate component of Penicillium funiculosum dextranase].
AB  - The carbohydrate composition of dextranase from Penicillium funiculosum 15, as
      well as the composition of products of dextran deep hydrolysis by the enzyme were
      studied. The products are normally used to stabilize the enzyme during its
      purification. Using the methods available, it was possible to identify only part
      of strongly bound (adsorbed) carbohydrates. It was found that dextranase from
      Pen. funiculosum 15 contained two types of carbohydrates strongly bound with
      protein: adsorbed and covalently bound carbohydrates. A procedure allowing a
      complete separation of adsorbed carbohydrates was developed. The procedure is
      based on the use of stabilizing additives of readily separable carbohydrates. The
      enzyme, which is shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      Na-dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol to be homogeneous, consists of 313
      amino acid residues, 3 glucosamine residues and residues of mannose, galactose
      and fucose in the ratio 6:2:1.

PMID- 6835948
TI  - [Status of hemodialysis in Geneva. Retrospective study from January 1977 to
      October 1980].

PMID- 6835951
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and the biosynthesis of porphyrins].
AB  - The blood and urine porphyrin content and porphyrin biosynthesis in the red blood
      cells after delta-amino levulinic acid (ALA) incubation, porphobilinogen and non
      consumed ALA levels, porphobilinogen-synthetase activity were studied in 86
      patients divided into 3 groups depending on diabetes severity. Porphyrin
      separation was investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography. It was found
      that porphyrin biosynthesis decreases in all diabetics at the early periods of
      the disease, not depending on its severity. Porphyrin biosynthesis is lowered
      during a phase of chronic renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic
      nephropathy. Porphyrin metabolic disorder is caused by hepatic dysfunction and
      diabetic nephropathy development.

PMID- 6835950
TI  - [Urease biosynthesis and isolation in Staphylococcus saprophyticus L-1].
AB  - Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of organic components of
      the medium and cultivation conditions on the multiplication rate and urease
      biosynthesis by Staphylococcus saprophyticus L-1 cells isolated from natural
      sources. The yeast enzymic hydrolyzate and corn extract were found to be an
      adequate substitute for the costly organic components--peptone and yeast extract.
      The substitutes ensured a high level of urease biosynthesis and biomass
      accumulation. The biomass accumulation was maximum at pH 6.0-7.0 and the urease
      activity reached maximum at pH 6.0-6.5. The optimum temperature of cultivation
      was 37 degrees C. Enhanced aeration and constant pH during microbial cultivation
      in 250 1 fermenters did not increase the biomass accumulation or urease
      biosynthesis as compared to flask cultivation. The study of urease isolation from
      the cell extract showed that the ratio of 3 volumes of ethanol to 1 volume of
      homogenate was optimum and provided the best precipitation of the enzyme.
      Preliminary thermal treatment of the cell extract increased the urease activity
      by 2.5 times. In this situation the activity yield was close to 100%.

PMID- 6835952
TI  - [Calcitonin and paratirin in nodular pathology of the thyroid gland].
AB  - The calcitonin-parathyroid hormone secretion (CPS) ratio was studied by means of
      radioimmunoassay in different cases of nodose thyroid pathology. It was found
      that functional thyroid reconstruction induces un balance of calcitropic
      hormones. The development of "hot", functionally active nodes is accompanied by
      CPS lowering due to disturbed parathyroid hormone secretion. "Cold" nodes produce
      no disorder in the calcitropic hormone ratio in relative insufficiency of thyroid
      function. However, a marked shift towards an increase in calcitonin secretion and
      a decrease in parathyroid hormone level occur in malignant "cold" thyroid nodes.
      CPS is enhanced in adenocarcinoma and is maximum in medullary cancer.

PMID- 6835954
TI  - [Effect of the male sex hormone and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites on the
      function of the thyroid in vivo and in vitro].
AB  - The administration of testosterone propionate, dihydrotestosterone and
      androstandiol to male rats was followed by different changes in thyroid function.
      Testosterone propionate exerted a stimulating effect, whereas its metabolites
      induced marked depression of thyroid functional activity in the experiments in
      vivo. In vitro both sex hormones and 5-alpha-reduced metabolites inhibited
      radioactive iodine absorption by rat thyroid slices and human thyrotoxic struma.
      The data demonstrate that testosterone may produce a direct effect on the thyroid
      without the hypophysis.

PMID- 6835955
TI  - [Partial blocking of the organofaction of iodine with thyroglobulin antibodies].
AB  - The influence is studied of purified thyroglobulin antibodies on a stage of
      thyroid hormone formation, i.e. iodine organofication, using a method of
      inorganic iodine replacement by potassium perchlorate. A decreased marker uptake
      by the thyroid and a delay of iodide inclusion into organic components were
      observed after incubation of rat thyroid slices and injection of a similar
      antiserum to normal rats 24 hours before radioactive iodine administration. The
      data obtained indicate that the disturbance of iodine organofication is possible
      under thyroglobulin antibody effect, accompanied by the thyroid autoimmune
      process development.

PMID- 6835953
TI  - [Calcitonin and calcium content of the blood of patients with thyroid pathology].
AB  - The blood calcitonin and calcium content was studied in 38 patients with
      thyrotoxicosis, 20 subjects with endemic euthyroid goiter and 7 persons with
      primary hypothyrosis. The blood calcium and calcitorim levels were not changed in
      males and females with endemic euthyroid goiter in comparison with those of 19
      healthy controls. Calcitonin content was markedly decreased in patients with
      hypothyrosis. Calcium level was significantly increased in males, remaining
      practically unchanged in females. Calcium and calcitonin levels were dependent on
      thyrotoxicosis severity. Calcitonin content remained unchanged in moderate
      thyrotoxicosis and lowered in the severe stage of the disease. The blood calcium
      level remained unchanged both in males and females suffering from severe
      thyrotoxicosis and in males with the moderate form of the disease. Calcium
      content diminished in the blood serum of females with moderate thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 6835956
TI  - [Sialic acid content of individual tissue glycolipids in rats under normal
      conditions and in alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel was used to identify individual
      gangliosides in the rat brain, cardiac, renal, spleen, pancreatic and skeletal
      muscles in health and to measure the content of sialic acid in the above organs.
      A dramatic decrease in mono-, di-, tri- and polysialoganglioside levels was seen
      in tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes. The data obtained indicate that insulin
      reception disorders may be provoked by the reduced content of acidic glycolipids
      in plasma membranes.

PMID- 6835958
TI  - [Method of analyzing the work indices in detecting and diagnosing tuberculosis in
      experimental areas].

PMID- 6835957
TI  - [Effect of a single dose of hydrocortisone and adrenaline on the synthesis of
      nuclear proteins and DNA in the rat thymus].
AB  - Single injections of hydrocortisone and adrenaline low doses long before the rat
      killing induced a change in the level of thymic DNA and nuclear protein
      synthesis. The effect and direction of hormone activity were dependent on the day
      time and duration of hormone presence in the organism. Hydrocortisone in a dose
      of 10 mg/kg, injected at 11 o'clock, promoted thymic DNA synthesis, whereas
      adrenaline in a dose of 0.06 mg/kg, administered at 11 o'clock, inhibited DNA
      synthesis, stimulating it, when injected at 23 o'clock.

PMID- 6835959
TI  - [System of dispensary cae for lung disease patients in Hungary].

PMID- 6835960
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 6835963
TI  - [Basic trends in the work of this journal, Problemy Tuberkuleza, in 1983].

PMID- 6835962
TI  - [Bronchial lesion and cellular immunity in newly detected infiltrative pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6835964
TI  - [Experience in identifying exogenous allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 6835965
TI  - [Comparative study of tuberculin sensitivity in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis
      patients].

PMID- 6835966
TI  - [Effectiveness of different methods of intensive therapy in the preoperative
      preparation of patients with disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 6835961
TI  - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of persons visiting a city tuberculosis
      dispensary for the 1st time].

PMID- 6835967
TI  - [Effectiveness of therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis using aerosols of
      chemopreparations in the pre- and postoperative period].

PMID- 6835968
TI  - [Ultrasonic surgical instruments in thoracic operations].

PMID- 6835969
TI  - [Extrapleural filling of the hemothorax cupola with dry fibrinogen following lung
      resection in tuberculosis].

PMID- 6835970
TI  - [1-stage bilateral lung resections via the transsternal approach in
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 6835971
TI  - [Dynamic instabilities of heterogeneous catalytic reactions as models of
      information transfer and biological structure formation].

PMID- 6835972
TI  - [Application of spectrophotometry on thin layer chromatography in the analysis of
      amino acids in formulations for veterinary use].

PMID- 6835973
TI  - Interactions between antidepressive tricyclic amines and nucleotides.

PMID- 6835974
TI  - Enhanced absorption and dissolution of trimethoprim from sugar glass dispersions.

PMID- 6835975
TI  - Dexamethasone reverses adrenalectomy enhancement of footshock induced analgesia
      in mice.

PMID- 6835976
TI  - Shuttlebox self-stimulation in the rat: an anatomical analysis and the effect of
      morphine with two current levels.
AB  - A shuttlebox paradigm was used to train rats to turn electrical stimulation ON
      and OFF by crossing back and forth in a stabilimeter cage. Two experiments are
      presented. In the first experiment a threshold current level was used in testing
      four electrode sites: the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), lateral septal nucleus
      (LSN), periaqueductal grey (PAG), and the mesencephalic reticular formation
      (MRF). In the second experiment, a suprathreshold current level was used to
      explore two electrode sites: the PAG and the MRF. Stimulation with electrodes in
      the MRF produced an aversive behavioral response; animals shuttled mainly to turn
      electrical stimulation OFF. At the other electrode sites, both rewarding and
      aversive properties were apparent: animals shuttled to turn the stimulation ON as
      well as OFF. Systemic morphine (10 mg/kg) injections nonselectively increased
      both average ON and OFF times for the three rewarding sites (minimum p less than
      0.05) at the threshold current level. Systemic morphine injections (10 mg/kg) in
      animals stimulated at a suprathreshold current level in the PAG selectively
      increased time spent with stimulation ON (p less than 0.05) as opposed to time
      spent with stimulation OFF. No significant behavioral change due to morphine was
      seen in the aversive MRF at either current level. Animal behavior also was found
      to vary as a function of site of stimulation (p less than 0.05). The use of
      suprathreshold currents appears necessary to produce selective reward
      facilitation effects of morphine such as those found in the PAG or LHA.

PMID- 6835977
TI  - Recovery of memory following forgetting induced by depletion of biogenic amines.
AB  - Following depletion of biogenic amines by reserpine, mice were trained to avoid
      one compartment of a shuttle box by employing the procedures of Pavlovian fear
      conditioning. Retention was tested one week later using both an active and a
      passive measure. A robust amnesia was apparent in reserpine-treated animals on
      both retention measures. Treatment with the mixed dopamine-serotonin agonist
      lisuride 30 min prior to the test alleviated the memory loss. Since improved
      retention in the drug treated mice was indexed by increased response latencies in
      the passive test and decreased latencies in the active test it is unlikely that
      the improvement in performance was the result of non-specific effects on
      activity. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that lisuride treatment
      before testing facilitates retrieval processes.

PMID- 6835978
TI  - Rate-dependent effects of amphetamine on responding under random-interval
      schedules of reinforcement in the rat.
AB  - The parameters of 12 random-interval schedules (cycle length and
      interreinforcement interval) were varied systematically in order to examine the
      ability of these schedules to separate the usual relationship between response
      rate and reinforcement frequency using rats. Response rates varied over a two
      fold range for the same frequency of reinforcement under random-interval 30-sec
      schedules. However, cycle length did not alter response rates significantly at
      other interreinforcement intervals. Subsequently, the effects of amphetamine on
      random-interval responding were examined in order to evaluate the roles of
      control rates of responding and reinforcement in amphetamine's actions.
      Amphetamine's effects were significantly correlated with both control response
      rate and control rate of reinforcement. However, by comparison, control response
      rate was the better predictor of amphetamine behavioral effects. The results
      support the rate dependency hypothesis that control rate of responding is closely
      associated with amphetamine's effects on operant behavior.

PMID- 6835980
TI  - Naloxone lowers brain-stimulation escape thresholds.
AB  - Rats were trained to escape from aversive electrical brain stimulation to the
      mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). The threshold for this escape behavior
      was determined by a modification of the psychophysical method of limits. The
      administration of naloxone (4-16 mg/kg, IP) produced a decrease in escape
      threshold from MRF stimulation. These findings implicate the involvement of the
      MRF in the modulation of pain and suggest that threshold changes to stimulation
      at this level of the nociceptive neuro-axis may represent a change in a
      motivational-attentional dimension of pain.

PMID- 6835979
TI  - Attenuation of alcohol drinking in tetrahydroisoquinoline-treated rats by
      morphine and naltrexone.
AB  - In rats of either the Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans strain, either
      tetrahydroisoquinoline (THP) was infused chronically ICV, or one of three
      protoberberine (PBN) compounds was administered subcutaneously at birth. When the
      animals were 120-180 days of age, a constant concentration of alcohol was offered
      simultaneously with water to those rats which demonstrated a clear-cut preference
      for alcohol. This concentration was selected on the basis of an alcohol
      preference screen. After alcohol intakes had stabilized, naltrexone was injected
      subcutaneously in a dose of either 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg twice a day for three
      consecutive days. The higher dose (10.0 mg/kg total) of naltrexone suppressed the
      voluntary intake of alcohol by 26%, whereas the lower dose (2.0 mg/kg total)
      attenuated alcohol drinking by 14%. Both doses of naltrexone reduced food intake
      but did not appreciably affect water intake or body weight. When morphine was
      injected according to the same regimen in a dose of 10.0 or 2.5 mg/kg twice per
      day, a 49% reduction in alcohol intake was produced by the higher dose and a 32%
      decline followed the lower dose. Although morphine attenuated food intake,
      neither water intake nor body weight was affected. Saline control injections
      administered twice daily in the same way failed to alter any of the intake
      measures or body weight. These findings indicate that the long-lasting opiate
      antagonist naltrexone attenuates the voluntary consumption of alcohol in a manner
      similar to that produced by naloxone. The present results are discussed in terms
      of the evidence that an opiate agonist and antagonist may exert their actions by
      different mechanisms in the brain, possibly through separate subpopulations of
      opiate receptors.

PMID- 6835981
TI  - Alteration of exploration and the response to food associated cues after
      treatment with pimozide.
AB  - A series of experiments assessed the effects of pimozide on spontaneous
      alternation in a Y- and 8-arm radial maze, and on approach to food or cues that
      had previously been associated with food. Mice treated with pimozide (0.2, 0.4
      and 0.8 mg/kg) displayed a dose dependent reduction of alternation performance,
      without engendering a perseverative tendency and apparently without affecting the
      course of habituation. When food deprived mice entered an arm of the maze that
      was baited with a food pellet they consumed the food and remained in the vicinity
      of the food cup. Moreover, upon retesting in the non-drug state mice still
      exhibited a preference for cues that had been associated with food. It seems that
      although pimozide at the doses tested produced a haphazard pattern of
      exploration, the drug did not alter the rewarding value of secondary reinforcers.
      Contrary to an anhedonic hypothesis, it is suggested that higher doses of
      pimozide may actually increase, rather than decrease, the saliency of
      biologically significant stimuli.

PMID- 6835982
TI  - Preliminary characterization of response-eliciting components of earthworm
      extract.
AB  - Fifteen garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reliably spent more time and tongue
      flicked more frequently at a dish containing earthworm extract than a dish
      containing distilled water when these were presented simultaneously for two
      minute intervals. The discriminability of the earthworm extract was directly
      related to its concentration. Garter snakes with their vomeronasal ducts sutured
      closed did not respond differentially to earthworm extract and water under these
      test conditions. Thus their ability to discriminate earthworm extract from water
      in this bioassay was dependent upon a functional vomeronasal system. Earthworm
      extract retains its biological activity after boiling at 100 degrees C for 15
      minutes and after lyophilization. Its effectiveness is not altered by changes in
      pH. Snakes continued to respond differentially to extracts with pH 2, 5-6 or 11.
      Chloroform extractions of the acid, neutral and alkaline earthworm extract
      yielded activity primarily in the water layer. The small amount of activity in
      the chloroform layer was removed by use of a drying agent. Bradford dye-binding
      tests indicated the presence of protein in the active fractions.

PMID- 6835983
TI  - Subcutaneous splicing of intravenous and intragastric catheters.
AB  - A method is described for repairing silicone catheters that have been severed due
      to excess force by the animal or tension within the restraint system. The
      technique is particularly useful when the break in the catheter occurs under the
      skin. The entire repair process takes less than 20 minutes and can be performed
      under light anesthesia. This technique would be of benefit primarily in
      intravenous drug self-administration studies, but procedures employing chronic
      catheterization (e.g., intragastric, intraperitoneal) could also use this method.

PMID- 6835984
TI  - Intake of water and ethanol by C57BL mice: effect of an altered light-dark
      schedule.
AB  - Mice of the C57BL/6J strain were given unrestricted access to food, water, and
      ethanol-water solutions, and intake was studied under different light-dark (LD)
      conditions. The instrumentation for recording licks permitted the accurate
      description of the temporal distribution of drinking over the 24-hr period. The
      12-12 LD schedule resulted in a consistent pattern of licking for the three
      solutions, and this pattern was altered by the subsequent change to a 6-6 LD
      condition. The intake of ethanol, and the preference for ethanol relative to
      water, were reduced during the 6-6 condition. The distribution of drinking was
      circadian to period, though not sinusoidal in form.

PMID- 6835985
TI  - Variability of response to hypnotics: sleep studies in man.
AB  - Effect of diazepam on sleep in man was investigated in a series of placebo
      controlled studies and the data on various measures from two groups (young adults
      and middle age) were retrospectively analysed. Variability of the measures
      between the two groups with placebo was not different, but the variability of
      their response to the drug was different, and that of the middle aged group was
      high. In the young adults there were drug effects, but in the middle aged group
      no drug effects could be established. The studies suggest that variability of
      data must be taken into consideration when it is used to indicate the most
      appropriate dose range. If the variability of response is low the data may
      indicate the likely effect of the drug on each individual. On the other hand if
      the variability is high then data obtained from analysis of the group may have
      limited relevance, and suggest doses which are too high for the majority of the
      individuals within that group.

PMID- 6835986
TI  - Tolerance and cross-tolerance to central nervous system depressants after chronic
      pentobarbital or chronic methaqualone administration.
AB  - This study reports on tolerance and cross-tolerance to the rotarod (RR)
      disrupting effects of various central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Female
      rats trained on the RR were fed ground chow containing pentobarbital (PB, 2.0
      mg/g chow) or methaqualone (MQ, 1.0 mg/g chow) and were injected twice daily (PB)
      or daily MQ) with 30 mg/kg IP for 6 days. Control rats received ground chow and
      saline injections. On day 7 the subjects were tested with various doses of PB,
      MQ, diazepam (DZ), or ethanol (ET) for disruption of RR performance over the time
      course of the drug effect (up to 12 hours). Control animals demonstrated a dose
      dependent duration of impairment for all 4 agents. Both groups receiving chronic
      drug showed a prominent decrease in duration of RR impairment after PB, a less
      marked decrease after MQ, and even less of a decrease after DZ. However, neither
      chronic drug group showed an appreciable tolerance to the RR disruption of ET,
      relative to the control group. Based on the time of 50% recovery (RR performance
      recovering to 90 seconds or more), both chronic treatments resulted in a
      significant shift of the dose-response curves for PB, MQ and DZ to the right.
      Therefore, the degree of tolerance and cross-tolerance in rats chronically
      treated with PB or MQ was dramatic for PB and MQ, was significant for DZ, but was
      not demonstrable for ET.

PMID- 6835987
TI  - Blood removal and renal elimination of a constant dose of ethanol as a function
      of volumes and concentrations of solutions administered to rats.

PMID- 6835988
TI  - Effects of nicotine on weight change and food consumption in rats.
AB  - The present study was designed to test the effects of nicotine and nicotine
      withdrawal on weight change and food consumption in rats. Twelve male and 12
      female three month old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three treatment
      groups: 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg nicotine/kg body wt. Half were given subcutaneous
      nicotine treatment for three weeks and then saline for three weeks; treatment
      sequence was reversed for the other half. Injections were administered three
      times daily throughout the experimental period. Prior to treatment, baseline
      measures were established for both food consumption and weight. Mean differences
      in weight change were calculated on a weekly basis throughout the experiment.
      Overall tests indicated that nicotine withdrawal produced significant (p less
      than 0.05) weight gains and nicotine administration produced inhibition of weight
      gain. A significant sex X drug X time interaction (p less than 0.05) demonstrated
      that food consumption increased when nicotine was discontinued and decreased when
      nicotine was administered. Specific comparison tests showed these effects on food
      consumption and weight were strongest at the 0.6 level and that larger effects
      were obtained for males than for females.

PMID- 6835991
TI  - Biphasic effects of morphine on locomotor activity in hamsters.
AB  - Two experiments investigated the dose and time related effects of morphine
      sulfate on the running wheel activity of golden Syrian hamsters. Compared with
      saline controls, a low dose (5 mg/kg) increased locomotor activity, whereas high
      doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) produced an initial dose-related depression in
      activity, a gradual dose-related recovery and finally a period of hyperactivity.
      The results are discussed in terms of similar biphasic effects of morphine
      observed in rats.

PMID- 6835990
TI  - Phencyclidine and behavior: II. Active avoidance learning and radial arm maze
      performance.
AB  - Rats with injections of 4 or 8 mg/kg of phencyclidine (PCP) are impaired in the
      acquisition of active avoidance learning and radial arm maze performance. This
      impairment was not due to a change in detectability of aversive stimuli or the
      inability to perform the correct response. The primary deficit appears to be the
      inability of PCP injected animals to encode the appropriate attributes (e.g.,
      environmental context, response selection, and emotion) associated with each
      task.

PMID- 6835992
TI  - Combined effects of chlordiazepoxide treatment and food deprivation on concurrent
      measures of feeding and activity.
AB  - The effects of chlordiazepoxide (CDP-0, 5, 10 mg/kg) on feeding, rearing, and
      ambulatory locomotion of male Holtzman rats were investigated in an open-field
      arena under 3 different conditions of food deprivation (0, 24, 48 hr). Both CDP
      and food deprivation enhanced feeding, with their combined effects being
      essentially additive. Also, CDP significantly decreased both rearing and
      ambulatory locomotion, although this effect tended to be counteracted by
      increases in food deprivation. The interrelationship (correlation) of the
      behavioral effects of CDP suggested that the reduction in activity measures is
      due, in part, to the competing or incompatible nature of feeding and that rearing
      and ambulatory locomotion are somewhat redundant measures of activity under the
      present conditions.

PMID- 6835989
TI  - Influence of Z-Prolyl-D-Leucine on alpha-MPT-induced catecholamine utilization in
      specific mouse brain nuclei.
AB  - The synethetic dipeptide Z-Prolyl-D-Leucine (Z-Pro-D-Leu) inhibits the
      development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine in mice. The possible mode
      of action of the dipeptide was studied by measuring the alpha-MPT-induced
      disappearance of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) either by a
      spectrofluorimetric assay in major brain areas (lower brainstem, striatum) or by
      a radioenzymatic assay in specific brain nuclei. For the latter purpose, mouse
      brain nuclei containing mainly the cell body areas (nucl. tractus solitarii,
      locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, area tegmentalis ventralis) or some selected
      terminal projections (nucl. caudatus, nucl. accumbens, gyrus dentatus hippocampi,
      nucl. raphe dorsalis) of major NA- and DA-containing pathways were selected. In
      the lower brainstem studied as a whole, the dipeptide did not affect the
      utilization of either NA or DA. Analysis of the data on the NA utilization in
      specific brain nuclei, however, revealed that the dipeptide affected NA
      disappearance in some mesencephalic-limbic nuclei which receive noradrenergic
      innervation from the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (e.g., nucl. raphe dorsalis,
      area tegmentalis ventralis, gyrus dentatus). NA utilization in the cell body
      region of the same pathway (locus coeruleus), however, was not affected by the
      dipeptide. The dipeptide facilitated DA utilization in the main terminal area of
      the mesolimbic DA-ergic projection (nucl. accumbens), whereas the same treatment
      inhibited DA utilization in the main terminal region of the nigro-striatal DA
      ergic pathway (nucl. caudatus). The data suggest that localized changes in NA and
      DA utilization following Z-Pro-D-Leu might be important for peptide-induced
      changes in morphine tolerance and dependence.

PMID- 6835993
TI  - Capsaicin pretreatment interferes with the thermoregulatory effect of morphine.
AB  - Body temperature changes after the administration of 8 mg/kg morphine sulphate
      were studied in freely-moving and restrained rats, which were pretreated with
      capsaicin (300 mg/kg). Morphine caused a hyperthermic response irrespective of
      the previous capsaicin treatment in freely-moving rats; the lag time from the
      application of morphine to the hyperthermic maximum was, however, significantly
      delayed in capsaicin pretreated rats. A careful habituation to the experimental
      procedure (including injections, taking temperature, etc.) facilitated the
      hyperthermic response both in the pretreated and the control groups. Restrained
      rats typically showed a hypothermic response to the same dose of morphine. The
      drop of body temperature in habituated animals was significantly larger in the
      case of capsaicin pretreated rats. This potentiation of the hypothermic effect of
      morphine can be regarded as the primary site of interaction between capsaicin and
      morphine. Since capsaicin pretreated rats also showed an exaggerated
      thermoregulatory response to experimental stress, we conclude that the
      thermoregulatory effects of morphine and endogenous opiates are facilitated after
      capsaicin pretreatment.

PMID- 6835994
TI  - Effects of selected drugs on spontaneously occurring abnormal behavior in
      beagles.
AB  - A sub-population of beagles with abnormal behavioral patterns has been
      identified, isolated and tested for responsively to selected classes of
      psychoactive drugs. The abnormal behavior was ameliorated by anxiolytics and
      antidepressants but not by antipsychotics, an antihistaminic, an alpha-adrenergic
      blocker, a beta-adrenergic blocker, or an anticholinergic drug. Improvement
      occurred after a single dose of the anxiolytic drugs but did not occur until 10
      18 days after daily dosing with standard tricylic antidepressants and the MAO
      inhibitor isocarboxazid. This delayed onset in beagles resembles that seen on use
      of these drugs in humans. The results with these drugs suggest that the abnormal
      behaviors of the beagles are related to anxiety and are in part depressive in
      nature. This colony provides an animal model of abnormal behavior which allows
      evaluation of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of drugs and estimates of
      the onset of action of antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 6835995
TI  - Effects of local anesthetics on fixed-interval responding in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Several local anesthetics of both the ester and amide type were administered IM
      to rhesus monkeys trained to respond on a fixed-interval 5 min schedule of food
      delivery. With the exception of procainamide, all local anesthetics produced dose
      related decreases in response rates. Effects on pattern of responding varied
      between local anesthetics. With some (cocaine, dimethocaine and lidocaine), rate
      dependent effects were apparent. When control rates were low, these compounds
      increased rates; when control rates were high, they decreased rates. However,
      with others (procaine, chloroprocaine, tetracaine and propoxycaine) no rate
      dependent effects were noted; i.e., these compounds had little or no effect on
      the pattern of responding, even at doses that substantially reduced response
      rates. Consistent with other experiments with these compounds, cocaine was the
      most potent of the group. In several instances, local anesthetics which had
      similar stimulus properties in other behavioral paradigms differed in terms of
      their effects on fixed-interval behavior.

PMID- 6835996
TI  - Effects of ketocyclazocine alone and in combination with naloxone on schedule
      controlled responding in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - A multiple, fixed interval 5 minutes, fixed ratio 30, schedule of food
      presentation (Mult FI FR) was used to evaluate the effects of ketocyclazocine, a
      kappa-receptor agonist, in four squirrel monkeys. Two monkeys were initially
      trained with 1-minute time-out (TO) periods between the components of the
      multiple schedule and two monkeys were initially trained without these TO
      periods. Ketocyclazocine dose-response functions were determined for each monkey
      under their original training conditions and then the conditions were reversed
      and dose-response functions were re-determined under the new conditions.
      Ketocyclazocine consistently decreased rates of responding during the FR
      component of the multiple schedule under both TO and no TO conditions. Under the
      FI component, ketocyclazocine's effects differed dependent upon dose,
      conditioning history, and the presence or absence of TO periods. Intermediate
      doses of ketocyclazocine (0.01-0.056 mg/kg) increased FI rates of responding
      under the no TO condition in monkeys originally trained under this condition;
      however, ketocyclazocine did not increase FI rates of responding under the no TO
      condition in monkeys originally trained under the TO condition. Under the TO
      condition, intermediate doses of ketocyclazocine did not increase FI rates of
      responding. High doses of ketocyclazocine (0.1 and 0.17 mg/kg) decreased FI rates
      of responding in all monkeys under both the TO and no TO conditions Naloxone, in
      doses up to those which decreased responding when given alone, failed to
      antagonize completely the rate decreasing effects of ketocyclazocine.

PMID- 6835997
TI  - Prenatal phenobarbital treatment and temperature-controlling dopamine receptors.
AB  - Pregnant mice were fed a phenobarbital-containing diet on days nine through 18 of
      pregnancy. Following parturition, the offspring of such animals were allowed to
      reach adulthood and then were tested for their response to an acute injection of
      apomorphine. Male offspring were less sensitive, while female offspring were more
      sensitive than matched controls to apomorphine-induced hypothermia. The witnessed
      differences in apomorphine-induced hypothermia could not be attributed to
      differences in brain apomorphine levels, alterations in the thermoregulation
      following non-drug challenges to the mouse's thermoregulatory ability, or changes
      in alpha-adrenergic receptor function. Our results suggest that prenatal
      phenobarbital administration produces changes in the function of dopamine
      receptors which regulate body temperature, and that the prenatally-induced
      changes last well into adulthood.

PMID- 6835998
TI  - Effects of peripheral and central dopamine blockade on lateral hypothalamic self
      stimulation: evidence for both reward and motor deficits.
AB  - The effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on lateral hypothalamic self
      stimulation were analyzed using a reward summation function (RSF) technique. This
      paradigm relates running speed in a runway to the number of stimulation pulses
      received as a reward, and it is able to separately characterize changes in reward
      pulse effectiveness and motor performance. Pimozide, administered peripherally
      (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg, IP), dose-dependently shifted the RSF toward higher
      values of number of pulses indicating reduced reward. Pimozide also reduced the
      asymptotic running speed of the RSF, indicating a deficit in motor performance.
      In a second experiment, alpha-flupenthixol infused directly into the nucleus
      accumbens (0.5 micrograms-0.5 micrograms, bilaterally) induced changes in the RSF
      similar to those obtained with peripheral neuroleptic treatment. These findings
      are discussed from the perspective that dopamine is involved both in the
      perception of reward value and in the performance of the response to obtain
      reward.

PMID- 6835999
TI  - Diazepam dose preference in humans.
AB  - Diazepam dose preference was studied in 10 human subjects in a hospital setting.
      Subjects were allowed to select between a standard compound (diazepam or
      pentobarbital) and one of several doses of diazepam (2-40 mg/capsule) on an ad
      lib basis. When 5 or 10 mg/capsule diazepam was the standard, no clear cut
      diazepam dose preference was found. When 30 or 50 mg/capsule pentobarbital was
      the standard, clear cut diazepam dose preference in some subjects was found. The
      shape of the dose preference function differed among subjects. Within subjects,
      diazepam dose preference differed within the self-administration day, with some
      subjects preferring one dose in the morning and a different dose later in the
      day.

PMID- 6836000
TI  - Regulation of tobacco smoke intake with paced cigarette presentation.
AB  - Smoking behavior in response to an increased presentation of cigarettes was
      investigated to determine whether compensatory changes occurred in order to
      maintain a constant intake of tobacco smoke. The lighting of each cigarette was
      paced at both twice and four times that of subjects' baseline smoking rates in a
      three condition repeated measures design for eight smokers. Puff topography-
      number of puffs per cigarette, puff duration, volume, peak flow and interpuff
      interval--was monitored continuously. Results showed that subjects titrated smoke
      intake, as summarized by three smoke compensation indices based on number of
      puffs, puff volume and puff duration. Compensation was virtually complete in the
      double rate condition, and substantial in the quadruple rate condition. Results
      of this experiment do not support the view of a bimodal distribution of smokers,
      "compensators" and "noncompensators," since a continuous range of compensation
      ratios was obtained. The measures of individual puff topography were only
      modestly correlated, and were generally highest for volume x duration. Volume
      would appear to be the most accurate measure of tobacco product consumed.

PMID- 6836001
TI  - Intravenous self-administration of morphine by naive mice.

PMID- 6836002
TI  - A long-acting buprenorphine delivery system.
AB  - A subcutaneously implantable buprenorphine delivery system utilizing cholesterol
      glyceryltristearate matrix for prolonged release of drug is described.
      Implantable cylindrical pellets of buprenorphine (cholesterol 36 mg,
      glyceryltristearate 4 mg, buprenorphine hydrochloride 10 mg), diameter 3 mm,
      length 6 mm blocked the antinociceptive action (hot plate, 55 degrees C) of 10 mg
      kg-1 SC challenge dose of morphine in rats for 12 weeks or more (longer periods
      not evaluated). The cumulative percent release of buprenorphine from the test
      devices 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks after implantation was 27.4, 35.9, 37.6, 39.9
      and 43.1, respectively. The release of buprenorphine from 10 mg pellets
      approximated first-order kinetics with half-lives of 0.85 and 50.24 weeks, for
      alpha and beta phases, respectively. The test devices possess the desirable
      characteristics of simplicity, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, ease of
      sterilization with ethylene oxide, small size for ease of insertion and removal,
      minimal encapsulation by surrounding tissue and an extended period of drug
      release unaffected by body metabolism. No side effects were seen in implanted
      rats which fed well and gained weight during entire treatment. Neither
      deterioration of implant nor any gross anatomic changes at implant site were
      apparent 12 weeks after pellet implantation.

PMID- 6836003
TI  - The effects of hyperosmolar solutions on isolated vascular smooth muscle examined
      with verapamil.
AB  - Hyperosmotic sucrose solutions elicited tension from rat aortic strips in direct
      proportion to osmolarity. Norepinephrine-induced tension was reduced in
      proportion to increases in osmolarity; however, reduction of barium-induced
      tension by hyperosmolar solutions was minimal. Norepinephrine-induced tension is
      primarily dependent on intracellular calcium mobilization, while barium-induced
      tension is primarily dependent on extracellular calcium influx. Therefore,
      hyperosmolar solutions may alter vasoconstriction associated with intracellular
      calcium mobilization rather than that associated with extracellular calcium
      influx. In the presence of verapamil which blocks calcium entry into muscle,
      barium-induced tension was eliminated while the direct tension elicited by
      hyperosmolar solutions was slightly affected (6% reduction) and the inhibitory
      effect of hyperosmolar solutions on norepinephrine-induced tension was still
      observed. In contrast, the tension elicited by hyperosmolar solutions was greatly
      reduced by papaverine which promotes sequestration of myoplasmic calcium to cause
      relaxation. The vascular effects of hyperosmolar solutions may be due to
      alterations in the intracellular calcium rather than the extracellular calcium
      utilized by vasoconstricting agents.

PMID- 6836004
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effect of disulfiram in various cardiotoxic models.
AB  - Disulfiram has been shown to decrease the incidence of arrhythmias in rabbits
      exposed to trichloroethylene. In this study additional cardiotoxic models were
      used to evaluate disulfiram's antiarrhythmogenicity. Disulfiram (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.)
      significantly decreased the time spent in arrhythmia compared to control rabbits,
      120-180 s following intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg barium chloride. This
      was very similar to the effect of quinidine sulfate (10 mg/kg, i.v.) used as a
      positive control. In ouabain-induced arrhythmias, disulfiram treatment (400
      mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly alter the arrhythmogenic or lethal doses of a
      ouabain infusion. Quinidine, however, significantly increased the arrhythmogenic
      dose 86% and the lethal dose 44% compared to control. In vitro studies
      demonstrated that disulfiram (1 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-4) M) significantly
      depressed the myocardial contractility of rat ventricular strips compared to
      polyethylene glycol 400 controls.

PMID- 6836005
TI  - Structure activity correlation for diuretic furosemide congeners.
AB  - The structure activity correlation of several groups of anthranilic acid
      derivatives was studied. 59 compounds, most of them possessing the anthranilic
      acid moiety, were synthesized and tested for diuretic and saluretic activities.
      Equations correlating the biological activities of these compounds with their
      physicochemical constants suggest positive dependence of the diuretic activity on
      log P (octanol:water partition coefficient). It is concluded that, within limits,
      the variation in biological activity is primarily governed by the lipophilicity
      of the molecule, and further increase in log P value will not enhance this
      activity.

PMID- 6836008
TI  - Ask the question.

PMID- 6836006
TI  - New genetics and old values.

PMID- 6836007
TI  - The philosopher in the clinical setting.

PMID- 6836009
TI  - On clinical clerkships: a satirical set of rules.

PMID- 6836010
TI  - Socrates at the bedside.

PMID- 6836012
TI  - Functional differences in patients with left or right cerebrovascular accidents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in functional
      abilities of patients with cerebrovascular accidents on the right or left side.
      Medical records of 102 right-handed patients with the same degree of motor
      impairment were reviewed; 50 had cerebrovascular accidents on the right side, and
      52 on the left. Each patient was rated on five categories: mobility,
      perception/information processing, language, activities of daily living skills,
      and the total length of hospital stay (acute care plus rehabilitation). There
      were no statistically significant differences between the right-sided and left
      sided groups in any of the categories except language (p less than .001). Long
      hospitalization correlated negatively with low mobility scores for the right
      sided group (r = -.38, p less than .003) and with low language scores for the
      left-sided group (r = -.32, p less than .01). Results of this study indicate that
      patients with cerebrovascular accidents seem to have the same prognosis for
      functional motor rehabilitation regardless of the side of the lesion. The
      correlation of length of hospitalization with mobility for the right-sided group
      and length of hospitalization with language for the left-sided group may be a
      reflection of hemispheric specialization.

PMID- 6836011
TI  - Physicianship in suicide.

PMID- 6836013
TI  - Electromyographic study of muscular overflow during precision handgrip.
AB  - This study was designed to describe the "overflow" of muscular activity to
      muscles beyond the essential prime mover and synergists during a precision
      handgrip exercise. Five subjects performed a 10-minute isometric handgrip
      exercise consisting of one-second contractions alternated with one-second rests.
      Four different force levels were assigned: 5, 15, 25, and 40 percent of each
      subject's maximum handgrip force. All subjects demonstrated overflow activity at
      the 5-percent level, and three of the five subjects showed more overflow at the 5
      percent level than at 15 percent. The greatest amount of overflow was shown at
      the 40-percent level. No striking interindividual or intraindividual consistency
      in recruitment order of overflow muscles was apparent. Two distinguishable types
      of overflow were observed: continuous overflow was the characteristic type at the
      lower force levels, whereas an interrupted pattern of overflow synchronized to
      the handgrip contraction was typical of the higher force levels. The possible
      effects of overflow on precision motor skills are discussed.

PMID- 6836014
TI  - Taping for positioning and stabilizing the ankle of patients with hemiparesis.
      Suggestion from the field.

PMID- 6836016
TI  - Should there be NDT certification? Five views.

PMID- 6836015
TI  - Teaching treatment planning. A problem-solving model.
AB  - An effective physical therapist must be able to identify a patient's problems and
      the cause of the problems and to plan specific treatments with a sound rationale.
      This article presents a model used as a teaching tool for treatment planning may
      be used in both academic and clinical settings. Questions that are used in
      completing the model and examples of the model's application are presented.
      Teaching the problem-solving model and its use in one physical therapy curriculum
      are discussed.

PMID- 6836019
TI  - [Ethnologic phlebologic data in the Far East].

PMID- 6836017
TI  - [Orbital veins and arteries in relation to the connective tissue system of the
      orbit].
AB  - Our study revealed that the relationships between the vessels and the connective
      tissue, which forms a constant and bilateral symmetrical system of connective
      tissue septa bordering adipose tissue compartments, are characteristics and
      constant but essentially different for veins and arteries. The arteries run
      within the adipose tissue compartments only contacting the connective tissue
      septa where they perforate them. As to the veins, their relationship with the
      connective tissue apparatus is completely different. These vessels run within the
      septa firmly connected with their connective tissue fibres, forming a continuity
      between the adventitia of the veins and the walls of the adipose tissue
      compartments. This difference between arteries and veins results in a different
      spatial structure for the two vascular systems. The arterial system is a
      radiating system, whereas the venous system is an anastomosing complex of venous
      rings which are arranged circularly inside as well as outside the muscle cone. It
      seems likely that the relationships of the vessels, particularly of the veins,
      with the connective tissue apparatus play an important role in the well
      functioning of the orbital blood-circulation.

PMID- 6836018
TI  - [Ecological aspects of the incidence of peripheral vascular diseases and their
      complications].
AB  - The author bases his study on research into vascular disorders amongst
      homogeneous Jewish racial groups, confirming that the disorders are rare when the
      population remains in its natural agricultural or nomadic setting, whereas the
      same disorders increase when the people are transplanted to urban or
      industrialised zones.

PMID- 6836020
TI  - [Does trunk varicosity precede insufficiency of the perforating veins?].
AB  - The author discusses the theoretical question of precedence of trunk, or
      perforator, incompetency. Whatever the case, the treatment is always the same.
      Drawing attention to the laws published in 1970 determining the opening and
      closing of small vessels, the author mainly discusses the so-called "balloon
      effect": of which the "physiological valvule" is a derivation, concluding that
      trunk varicosity precedes perforating vein incompetence. When the deep system is
      intact, the author prefers to use the term "blow down", reserving the term "blow
      out" for secondary varices, the deep system being damaged.

PMID- 6836021
TI  - [Biochemical structure of the venous wall in varicose vein patients].

PMID- 6836022
TI  - [Measurements of skin elasticity in normal persons and in patients suffering from
      chronic venous insufficiency].
AB  - The results of our measurements of skin elasticity with light charges do not
      support the notion of a cutaneous pump mechanism. Similarly, they do not agree
      with the claim that the skin acts in the same way as an elastic stocking. The
      loss of elasticity in cases of chronic venous insufficiency is probably due to
      persistent dermal oedema.

PMID- 6836023
TI  - [Communicating (perforating) veins of the hand].
AB  - With the aim to study the problem whether there are at the hand and wrist
      communicating veins which are constant, we made 25 anatomical dissections. The
      results showed that five groups may be distinguished, viz. distal and proximal
      interosseous communicating veins, and dorsal, radial and ulnar carpal
      communicating veins. Among the veins of these groups there are a number of 4
      which are constant, and a number of 5 which are nearly constant.

PMID- 6836028
TI  - A comment on spectral transmittance in mammalian skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6836026
TI  - [Treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome by technic II of valvular substitution at
      the popliteal vein. Results of measurements of peripheral venous pressure
      compared before and after intervention].
AB  - The modified technique II of the substitute valve operation consist in using a 24
      cm long silicone-tendon. Its medial end is sutured with the 3 cm long gracilis
      tendon, drawn between popliteal artery an vein, and its lateral end is sutured
      around the biceps tendon. The fixed length of the silicone-tendon and its gliding
      ability are two advantages, which simplify the operation. The efficacy of the
      substitute valve using the technique II is controlled clinically and
      phlebographically, whilst the amelioration of the venous haemodynamics ist
      documented additionally by means of the comparative venous pressure measurements
      before an after the operation. Before operation was Ps = 100,5 mmHg, Pg1 = 79,0
      mmHg and delta P1 = 21,5 mmHg. After operation was Ps' = 99,3 mmHg, Pg' = 33,8
      mmHg and delta P' = 65,5 mmHg.

PMID- 6836027
TI  - [Lymphangioplasty by hair filaments. Late results in the treatment of lymphedemas
      of the limbs].

PMID- 6836025
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of leg ulcers by permanent compression by elastic
      stockings. Technic, protocol, illustration, results in 100 cases].

PMID- 6836024
TI  - [Venous thrombosis after production of a lympho-venous anastomosis by the "pull
      through" method].
AB  - A histological study of 83 artificial lymphatico-venous communications
      established in the rabbit by applying the pull through method, revealed that
      venous thrombosis is a relatively rare feature which only occurs during the first
      weeks after the operation. Intramuscular administration of heparin does not exert
      any inhibitory influence on the development of thrombosis.

PMID- 6836030
TI  - Dose-time dependency of tumor formation by chronic UV exposure.

PMID- 6836029
TI  - Binding of anthracene to cellular macromolecules in the presence of light.

PMID- 6836031
TI  - Comparison of the effects of UV-visible irradiation of melanins and melanin
      hematoporphyrin complexes from human black and red hair.

PMID- 6836032
TI  - Triplet state properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA and porphyrin-DNA
      complexes determined by optically detected zero field magnetic resonance.

PMID- 6836033
TI  - Time resolved studies of 1.27 micron luminescence from singlet oxygen generated
      in homogeneous and microheterogeneous fluids.

PMID- 6836034
TI  - Effects of sweetness perception and caloric value of a preload on short term
      intake.
AB  - To determine the effects of calories and sweetness perception on intake, fasted
      normal weight subjects drank a preload sweetened with sucrose (1.1 g/kg) or L
      asparthyl-L-phenylalanyl-methyl ester (Aspartame, 0.011 g/kg), or with no added
      sweetener. Sweetness perception of the load was reduced in half of the subjects
      by oral application of Gymnema sylvestre extracts. One hour after the preload, a
      meal of snack foods was presented and amounts of nutrients eaten were calculated.
      Subjects whose perception of sweetness had been decreased for the preload ate
      less total and sweet calories than did those with normal perception. Calories did
      not affect intake. The effect of calories and perception of the load was also
      assessed on variables presumed to correlate with satiety. Sucrose pleasantness
      ratings were not related to calories, perception or intake. Subjects' estimates
      of the amount of milkshake that they would drink if given the opportunity to do
      so and hunger ratings were related to overall intake and carbohydrate intake,
      respectively. The findings indicate that hedonistic aspects of taste are of
      greater importance than calories in determining short term intake.

PMID- 6836035
TI  - Nature of behavioral deficits and degree of recovery differ after lesions of
      dorsal and ventral aspects of rostral cortex.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of either the dorsal or the ventral aspects of the rostral half
      of the cortex in rats both significantly depressed eating, drinking and body
      weight, but animals with dorsal cortex lesions recovered more quickly and more
      completely than those with ventral lesions. Furthermore, spontaneous locomotor
      activity in the open field of animals with ventral cortex, lesions was unaltered
      relative to this group's preoperative level. On the other hand, relative to their
      preoperative baseline, the activity of animals with dorsal lesions was
      significantly depressed during the early postoperative period, and then was
      significantly elevated during intermediate and late periods. The discussion
      attempts to interpret these findings on the nature and degree of the locomotor
      and ingestive behavior deficits resulting from lesions of the dorsal and ventral
      aspects of the rostral cortex, and the subsequent recovery of behavioral function
      in light of current electrophysiological, anatomical and behavioral concepts of
      localization of function within the rat's cortex.

PMID- 6836036
TI  - Dietary obesity in golden hamsters: reversibility and effects of sex and
      photoperiod.
AB  - Golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet do not overeat, but they become obese because
      of decreases in energy expenditure. This decrease in actual energy expenditure is
      accompanied by increases in thermogenic capacity and brown adipose tissue mass,
      protein content, and DNA content. Three experiments examined this phenomenon in
      more detail. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this form of dietary obesity is
      largely reversible simply by returning the animals to a high-carbohydrate chow
      diet. However, the obesity which develops solely because of decreased energy
      expenditure is reversed primarily by decreased energy intake. In this respect fat
      fed hamsters resemble tube-fed rats. Experiment 2 revealed that the effects of
      high-fat diet are at least as robust in female hamsters as in males. Experiment 3
      examined the interactions between diet and photoperiod. Short days (10 hr light
      per 24 hr) had almost no effect on male hamsters fed Purina chow. However, nearly
      all of the effects of the high-fat diet (i.e., increases in body weight gain,
      feed efficiency, carcass energy content, percent ingested energy stored in the
      carcass, carcass lipid content, brown adipose tissue protein, and brown adipose
      tissue DNA) were exaggerated in hamsters housed in short days. High-fat-diet
      induced increases in metabolic efficiency and thermogenic capacity may be of
      value in readying hamsters for winter. Furthermore, as winter approaches,
      decreasing day length might synergize with changes in diet quality to promote
      these beneficial changes in energy metabolism. Finally, fat-fed hamsters could be
      a useful animal model of some kinds of human obesity.

PMID- 6836037
TI  - Human thermoregulatory behavior during a conflict between cold discomfort and
      money.
AB  - A conflict was contrived between thermal and non-thermal drives in humans to
      study the effects of varying degrees of voluntary suppression of behavioral
      temperature regulation. Five, young, near-nude males were paid 2, 5, 10, 20 or 40
      cents per min to expose themselves to increasing cold (15 degrees to 0 degree C
      in 2 hours), after being instructed to terminate the exposure as soon as the cold
      discomfort exceeded the monetary reward. The duration of voluntary cold exposure
      was approximately linearly related to the logarithm of monetary reward. Reported
      cold discomfort was greater with high than with low rates of reward. Although V02
      approached summit metabolism, the capacity for shivering did not appear to limit
      cold tolerance. Subjects adopted various strategies for coping with the conflict
      but, in general, greatest cold tolerance was recorded in subjects of large body
      mass and willing to tolerate low Tsk.

PMID- 6836040
TI  - Impairment of environmental effects on brain weight by adrenergic drugs in rats.
AB  - Injection of clonidine or methyldopa in rats immediately after daily two-hour
      exposure to a complex environment (EC) reduced the increase in occipital cortical
      weight normally associated with such exposure in comparison with animals kept in
      isolation. Drug injection four hours after EC exposure had no effect. Drug
      induced suppression of REM sleep during the first four hours after EC exposure
      was suggested to be the critical variable.

PMID- 6836041
TI  - An operant procedure for testing olfactory capacities in restrained pigeons.
AB  - A psychophysical procedure was developed to test the olfactory capacities of the
      pigeon. The procedure employs symmetrical response contingencies, involves the
      confinement of the pigeon's head in the stimulus air stream and relies solely on
      positive reinforcement for the development and maintenance of discriminative
      responding. The absolute sensitivity of three pigeons to amyl acetate in air was
      measured. Thresholds for all three pigeons were between 10(-3.4) and 10(-3.6) of
      vapor saturation.

PMID- 6836038
TI  - Maternal recognition of neonates through olfactory cues.
AB  - The role of olfactory cues in maternal recognition of neonates was investigated.
      Mothers were able to identify the garments worn by their own infants (in
      comparison to garments worn by unfamiliar infants) through odor alone within the
      first 6 days postpartum. In a second experiment, mothers who had only limited pre
      test exposure to their infants recognized the odor of their infant's garment
      during tests conducted at 20.5-41.7 hr after delivery. Olfaction may be an
      especially salient modality for recognition of infants.

PMID- 6836039
TI  - Forebrain and lower brainstem participation in facilitatory and inhibitory
      regulation of the display of lordosis in female rats.
AB  - Neural transection of the dorsal extrahypothalamic descending afferents by means
      of an L-shaped Halasz knife at the anterior commissure (anterior roof
      deafferentation. ARD) markedly potentiated the display of lordosis and soliciting
      behaviors. Bilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) attenuated
      lordotic activity in the ARD sham females but not in the ARD females. In
      contrast, the lesions in the pontine central gray concurrently with ARD
      effectively inhibited the display of lordosis but not soliciting behaviors. These
      results suggest that the VMH may not be a primary focus of the dorsal
      extrahypothalamic inhibitory influence on lordosis. The influence of this
      inhibitory system seems to be dominant in regulating the expression of lordosis
      behavior, compared to that of the hypothalamic lordosis facilitating system.
      Furthermore, the dorsal extrahypothalamic inhibitors influence which could be
      removed by ARD must be modified by the neural mechanism in the lower brain stem
      in which the pontine central gray may be actively involved.

PMID- 6836042
TI  - The behavior of vasopressin-deficient rats (Brattleboro strain).
AB  - Seven Brattleboro rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (DI) and seven normal
      Long-Evans (LE) rats were tested on a neuropsychological test battery comprised
      of the following tasks: time-spent-eating in two adaptation boxes, time-to-emerge
      into an open field, adaptation to a T-maze, contingently reinforced T-maze
      alternation, olfactory and visual discrimination, runway learning, approach
      avoidance conflict, step-through passive avoidance, prod burying, and stress
      induced interference. It was found that DI rats adapted more slowly than LE rats
      to novel environments (e.g., adaptation box, T-maze, and runway), and DI rats
      were slower to emerge into an open field. However, DI rats performed as well as
      LE rats on all other tasks. These results suggest that DI rats have altered
      temperamental dispositions (timidity or cautiousness), normal working and
      reference memory, and similar susceptibility (compared to LE rats) to the
      interfering effects of inescapable stress.

PMID- 6836043
TI  - Spontaneous hypertensive rats: behavioral and corticosterone response depend on
      circadian phase.
AB  - Baseline and reactive motor activity and corticosterone levels of spontaneous
      hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls (WKY) were compared with
      respect to circadian rhythmicity. In the open field, SHR showed higher ambulation
      and rearing and less defecation than WKY in both light and dark phases. There
      were significant interactions between strain and time of day in the rate of
      habituation. SHR showed elevated baseline motor activity, increased motor
      response and enhanced corticosterone response to "mild" stress only in the light
      phase. There may be a disorder of temporal organisation in SHR characterised by
      increased sensitivity to external stimuli during the sleeping state.

PMID- 6836045
TI  - Plasma fat metabolites and hunger.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that the fat metabolites are the blood-borne
      signals which suppress hunger during recovery from reversible obesity,
      experiments were designed to manipulate plasma fat metabolite levels directly. In
      order to elevate plasma glycerol levels, glycerol was infused intravenously into
      relatively unrestrained rats for 36 hours; this treatment greatly increased
      plasma glycerol levels but reduced voluntary food intake only slightly. Similar
      results were obtained when glycerol was mixed with powdered rat food. These
      results suggest that glycerol is not the "lipostatic hormone" although it may
      contribute to regulation. Similar experiments with a synthetic precursor of the
      ketone bodies (1,3 butanediol), suggest that the ketone bodies contribute to the
      decrease in food intake after reversible obesity, but cannot be a complete
      explanation. Dietary fat consumption raised plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels
      to the range seen during recovery from reversible obesity, suggesting that plasma
      FFAs may be a blood-borne signal of fat utilization in both cases. Intralipid, a
      synthetic triglyceride emulsion designed for intravenous administration, also
      increased plasma FFA levels but suppressed food intake by less than predicted.
      However, Intralipid may tend to cause spuriously high plasma FFA readings for
      reasons which are discussed. These results suggest that plasma fat metabolites,
      especially FFAs, may be blood-borne signals which contribute to the voluntary
      dieting after reversible obesity.

PMID- 6836046
TI  - Identification of pathways involved in the natriuretic, kaliuretic and diuretic
      responses induced by cholinergic stimulation of the medial septal area (MSA).
AB  - Natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis have been studied in rats following water
      loading and cholinergic stimulation in the MSA before and after bilateral
      electrolitic lesion of the habenula, or medullary stria, or supraoptic nucleus or
      paraventricular nucleus, or fornix. Carbachol injection in MSA elicited an
      increase of natriuresis and kaliuresis. These responses were blocked by bilateral
      electrolytic lesion of the habenula, medullary stria, or supraoptic nucleus but
      not of the paraventricular nucleus or the fornix. Urinary output plotted as a
      function of time showed antidiuresis in periods of 20 and 40 minutes after
      carbachol injection into the MSA. The lesion of the supraoptic nucleus inhibited
      this antidiuresis and natriuresis. The lesion of the habenula or medullary stria
      blocked natriuresis but not antidiuresis suggesting an independence between the
      mechanisms of antidiuretic hormone release and natriuresis regulation. The
      integrity of the habenula, medullary stria and supraoptic nucleus seems to be
      important in the mediation of the natriuretic response induced by carbachol
      injection into the MSA.

PMID- 6836047
TI  - Apparent movement in the human visual field.

PMID- 6836044
TI  - Reversible obesity and plasma fat metabolites.
AB  - Rats were made to overeat and gain weight (about 50 g) by long-acting protamine
      zinc insulin (PZI) treatment. When the PZI treatment was stopped, the rats ate
      much less than normal for at least seven days. During recovery from PZI-induced
      obesity, negative correlations were observed between food intake and plasma
      levels of the fat metabolites, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies. A
      similar but smaller effect was observed during recovery from dietary obesity
      (about 15 g). The plasma fat metabolites may be the blood-borne signals which
      suppress hunger under these conditions.

PMID- 6836048
TI  - Stimulation parameters influence response involvement in reinforcing brain
      stimulation.
AB  - Rats pressed a lever for brain stimulation in the start box of a T-maze. Pulse
      trains of stimulation were available under various temporal schedules. Periods of
      self-stimulation (SS) alternated with intervals of experimenter-administered
      stimulation (EAS) during which identical stimulation was automatically delivered
      at the same average rate as during SS periods. Rats could terminate the on going
      EAS by traversing the maze and making a turn into the correct arm, thereby
      reinstating the availability of a SS period. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated
      that manipulations of either the intertrain interval or the train duration, which
      are parameters that regulate the temporal density of stimulation, influenced the
      latency to terminate intervals of EAS. Experiment 3 showed that omitting the
      stimulation during the EAS period of the standard SS-EAS cycle disrupted the
      resetting behaviour of the experienced rats. They required as many sessions as
      naive rats to learn the behaviour required to circumvent the EAS-free period. The
      data suggest that the behaviour patterns exhibited are dependent upon the buildup
      of activity that is largely influenced by the total neural activity summated
      across pulse train(s) of stimulation. The behaviour to terminate the EAS occurs
      as a consequence of an aversive effect which is concurrently produced by the
      rewarding stimulation. This aversive effect is attenuated by responding.

PMID- 6836049
TI  - Water intake, pleasure and water temperature in humans.
AB  - The influence of water temperature on intake and affective ratings was explored
      in human subjects. Dehydration whether by profuse sweating (body weight loss: 289
      +/- 11 g, N = 20) or mountain climbing (body weight loss: 1660 +/- 58 g, N = 20)
      resulted in the same intake. Maximal intake was observed for water at 15 degrees
      C with respectively 199.0 +/- 17.0 ml and 222.7 +/- 17.4 ml. Colder and warmer
      water was ingested to a lesser extent. When 20 subjects were allowed to mix water
      to their preferred temperature, they chose 14.9 +/- 1 degree C and drunk 211.0 +/
      19.5 ml. Votes on a pleasure/displeasure scale increased from 50 degrees C to 0
      degree C. Cold water was therefore both more pleasureable and less drunk.
      Dehydration resulted in a negative alliesthesia for warm water. Positive
      alliesthesia for cold water was probably the result of hyperthermia rather than
      dehydration.

PMID- 6836050
TI  - Treatment of the glenohumeral joint by passive movement.

PMID- 6836051
TI  - Preventive medicine and the benefit of exercise programmes for the sedentary
      worker.

PMID- 6836052
TI  - Control of plasmid replication: a synthesis occasioned by the recent EMBO
      Workshop "Replication of Prokaryotic DNA," held at de Eemhof, The Netherlands,
      May 1982 (organizers: Veltkamp and Weisbeek).

PMID- 6836054
TI  - Unsaturated polyhydroxy acids having prostaglandin-like activity from Bryonia
      alba II. Major components.

PMID- 6836053
TI  - Evidence for plasmid-associated crystal toxin production in Bacillus
      thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.
AB  - Three crystalliferous (Cry+) strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis
      (serotype 14) that produce parasporal protein crystals toxic to dipteran larvae
      and several acrystalliferous (Cry-) mutants, either induced or spontaneously
      derived from a single Cry+ parent, were examined for the presence of covalently
      closed circular (CCC) DNA in attempts to correlate toxin production with the
      presence of a specific plasmid. The plasmid profiles of both Cry+ and Cry-
      variants were analyzed by both a cleared lysate- and a modified Eckhardt lysate
      electrophoresis technique. All of the Cry- mutants derived from the Cry+ parental
      strain had lost a 4.0- to 4.4-megadalton (Mdal) plasmid. Bioassay data confirmed
      loss of toxin production by the Cry- variants. All three Cry+ strains, including
      the parent of the Cry- strains, contained CCC plasmids DNAs of the following
      approximate molecular weights: 4.0 to 4.4, 5.2 to 6.0, and 11.4 to 13.0 Mdal. One
      Cry+ strain contained an additional CCC plasmid of 6.7 to 7.2 Mdal. The plasmid
      patterns for several Cry- derivatives differed in other respects from the pattern
      for their parent strain. The various Cry+ and Cry- strains could be distinguished
      either by phenotypical differences in antibiotic sensitivity, crystal production,
      and toxicity, or by differences in their plasmid profiles.

PMID- 6836055
TI  - Chemotherapeutic study of chromones from Spanish Cneoraceae.

PMID- 6836058
TI  - The development of the fasciocutaneous flap and its clinical applications.
AB  - Twenty-seven consecutive fasciocutaneous flaps comprising skin, fat, and deep
      fascia have been successfully used to close a variety of defects on the lower leg
      and trunk. The advantages of these flaps are enumerated, and the blood supply of
      the deep fascia and its relationship to the tissues deep and superficial to it
      are described.

PMID- 6836057
TI  - Modification by rumen of hypercalcemic activity of Solanum malacoxylon on the
      chick embryo.

PMID- 6836059
TI  - The treatment of capillary-venous malformations using a new fibrosing agent.
AB  - We present our early experience in the treatment of cutaneous capillary-venous
      malformations using a new fibrosing agent called Ethibloc. Superselective
      angiography was used to delineate the vascular anomaly and effect temporary
      occlusion. Whenever possible, compression of venous outflow also was used, while
      the sclerosing agent was injected directly into the malformation by percutaneous
      puncture. Sixteen patients with capillary-venous malformations have been treated
      with this agent since 1979. A mild local inflammatory reaction was noted in some
      cases; there were no instances of skin necrosis. In 10 patients, the fibrosed
      vascular malformation was excised, and in 6 patients, the area of vascular
      anomaly decompressed to such a degree that resection was unnecessary.

PMID- 6836060
TI  - Cleft palate closure at 3 to 7 months of age: a preliminary report.
AB  - The evolution and present criteria for early soft palate closure are reviewed. A
      definitive group of patients (operated on at 3 to 7 months of age) is reviewed at
      least 2 years following their surgery. They are compared with our general clinic
      population (operated on at 12 to 18 months of age) and had significantly fewer
      secondary operations for velopharyngeal incompetence. The possible advantages and
      disadvantages of early soft palate closure are discussed.

PMID- 6836056
TI  - Effect of Chinese herbal medicine "Hange-Koboku-To" on laryngeal reflex of cats
      and in other pharmacological tests.

PMID- 6836061
TI  - The Tennison Lip repair revisited.
AB  - Tennison presented his method for the repair of the single cleft. He was the
      first to recognize and to preserve the cupid's bow by lowering the peak in the
      margin of the cleft. He incised the medial side of the cleft and filled the space
      with a triangular flap from the lateral side. We have modified the Tennison
      repair based on the vertical height of the normal side, as did Randall and
      Hagerty. We make the lip 1 mm shorter in the vertical height than the normal side
      because some of our repairs were too long. Other modifications include a 1-mm
      offset at the vermilion, and in certain lips that are too long in the newborn, a
      triangle is excised beneath the alar base to shorten the vertical height. The
      details for planning the incisions and accomplishing the surgery are given.
      Certain patients required a V-to-Y procedure to augment a vermilion deficiency,
      but none of these patients required a secondary procedure. This emphasizes the
      need for careful planning to get it right at the primary repair. The operation is
      indicated for the incomplete cleft to the very wide cleft, and in no patient was
      a lip adhesion required. We no longer operate on the nose at the primary repair.

PMID- 6836062
TI  - Complications in aesthetic malar augmentation.
AB  - The complications of malar augmentation with prosthetic materials are few. The
      majority are related to incorrect choice of prosthesis size or position. No
      complications of tissue damage have occurred, but the two instances representing
      delayed infection may have been a result of seeding of the capsular space from
      the structures in the oral cavity abetted by what appeared in one case to be the
      remnant of an old hematoma. Preventable complications include the use of
      posterior Dacron fixation for gel prostheses, since the elongated or extended
      malar prosthesis may not resist the forces of capsular contracture in all
      instances. Patient acceptance has been extremely high in 35 cases, and removal
      has been requested in only one instance, reflecting the value of preoperative
      counseling with diagrams, photographs, and drawings.

PMID- 6836063
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia: report of five cases.
AB  - The natural history of necrotizing sialometaplasia as a self-healing process
      makes it essential for the surgeon and the pathologist to distinguish this entity
      from carcinoma. Seventeen of the 39 early cases were initially misdiagnosed as
      malignant. Occasionally, residual glands can be trapped in mucous lakes, giving
      the appearance of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. An awareness of the entity and
      adequate clinicopathologic correlation should lead to a correct diagnosis. A
      limited biopsy specimen may create a problem in diagnosis and may necessitate
      more adequate tissue for proper evaluation. Necrotizing sialometaplasia can
      present as an ulceration or a swelling beneath the mucosa, either of which can be
      painless or painful with radiation of pain to the ear, eye, or pharynx. Lesions
      presenting as a swelling will either convert to an ulceration or heal
      spontaneously, never forming an ulcer. The most commonly involved area is the
      palate (79 percent), but any area where glandular oral mucosa is present can be
      involved. The male-to-female ratio is 3:1, and it shows no predilection for race.
      The etiology of the disease remains unknown, but it may be associated with
      tobacco, alcohol, the use of dentures, and local trauma. Most investigators seem
      to favor an ischemic basis. Lesions heal spontaneously without treatment, and the
      only invasive procedure required is a biopsy.

PMID- 6836064
TI  - Venous drainage of the groin flap.
AB  - The superficial circumflex iliac vein and the venae comitantes of the superficial
      and deep circumflex iliac arteries are studied by dissection of 43 Formalin-fixed
      cadavers. The local peculiarities of their ends as well as their caliber, course,
      and symmetry are pointed out. A large venous trunk present in 35 percent of cases
      that receives the drainage of the venae comitantes of the superficial circumflex
      iliac artery is described.

PMID- 6836065
TI  - Experimental free-muscle transplantation with microneurovascular anastomoses.
AB  - In 13 rabbits the rectus femoris muscle was freely transplanted from the left to
      the right side using microneurovascular anastomoses. About 7 months after surgery
      the muscle transplants were assessed functionally by force measurements. On the
      average, the transplanted muscles regained 55 percent of the maximal tetanic
      tension of unoperated, normal rectus femoris muscles, expressed as force per gram
      of muscle weight even 68 percent. After functional assessment, the muscles were
      weighed and then used for histologic, histochemical, planimetric, and biochemical
      evaluation. H&E-stained cross sections showed a high content of healthy muscle
      fibers; only some small atrophic and single fat cells were scattered over the
      cross sections. Good reinnervation over the sutured muscle nerve was confirmed by
      the type-grouping of muscle fibers in the NADH and myofibrillar ATPase staining.
      There was an excellent correlation between the functional results and the
      histologic picture as well as the content of choline acetyltransferase (CAT). A
      certain parallelism was found between the function of the transplants and the
      content of hexokinase, but none for the other estimated muscle enzymes, such as
      malate dehydrogenase (MDH), creatine kinase (CK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH).
      All enzyme levels were lower than in normal muscles. The results of this
      experimental series underline the utility of muscle transplantation with
      microneurovascular anastomoses to restore lost muscle function, even in the
      extremities, when strong forces are needed.

PMID- 6836066
TI  - The challenges for plastic surgeons.

PMID- 6836067
TI  - Immediate forearm reconstruction with a functional latissimus dorsi island
      pedicle myocutaneous flap.
AB  - Immediate forearm reconstruction with a functional latissimus dorsi island
      pedicle myocutaneous flap was performed following a shotgun injury to the left
      forearm. The procedure provided excellent coverage of the defect and eliminated
      the need for multiple procedures and the immobilization required for groin or
      abdominal pedicle flaps. In addition, the latissimus muscle provided active
      flexion of the wrist and limited finger flexion.

PMID- 6836068
TI  - Abnormal distribution of the median nerve at the wrist and forearm.

PMID- 6836069
TI  - Two helpful technical aids in blepharoplasty.
AB  - We describe two helpful technical aids in blepharoplasty. The first is a method
      of securely holding orbital fat without risk of excessive traction if the
      patient's head moves. The second involves use of a battery-powered cautery as a
      safe, convenient cutting instrument.

PMID- 6836070
TI  - A protective rat vest.

PMID- 6836072
TI  - The epidermal ring in nipple-areola reconstruction: is it really necessary?

PMID- 6836071
TI  - Complications of injectable collagen implants.

PMID- 6836073
TI  - Optic disk edema in tripod fracture.

PMID- 6836074
TI  - Sternotomy wounds.

PMID- 6836075
TI  - [Ambulatory services: a help or a control?].
AB  - This article describes the role of psychiatric work with out-patients. It begins
      with a short thesis concerning the question: what is psychiatry, what is mental
      illness, what is therapy? In the main part the author describes the possibilities
      of extrahospital treatment for the user of psychiatric hospitalization. This
      article is based on the experience of work on the 13th arrondissement of Paris.

PMID- 6836076
TI  - [Tasks of the psychiatric polyclinic].
AB  - Results of a random sample investigation at the psychiatric out-patient
      department of the University of Gottingen are reported: Data derived from 1479
      consultations of 757 patients are given (age, sex, diagnosis, way of referral,
      advice for further treatment) and compared to those attending other in-patient
      and out-patient services and practitioners. We discuss the achievements of an out
      patient department, also considering, however, that patients suffering from
      schizophrenia, alcoholism and psychogeriatric illness are only insufficiently
      taken care of, thus wanting further means of attendance to be offered.

PMID- 6836077
TI  - [Psychiatric patients in the internal medicine hospital--results of a survey].
AB  - According to the results of an inquiry in Niedersachsen, more than one quarter of
      patients in internal wards need at least a psychiatric co-treatment, most of them
      suffering from gerontopsychiatric and psychosomatic diseases and alcoholism.
      Internal specialists inform about this demand; the special treatment that ought
      to follow can mostly not be realized. The usual cooperation as well as
      psychiatric wards or hospitals mostly not within easy reach can hardly improve
      the situation. A special ward integrated in the general hospital is considered
      helpful for patients of this very house. As there will hardly be a chance of
      building up special new wards in the next few years, considering the present
      financial situation of the health care system, it is discussed, in which way an
      effective psychiatric-psychosomatic care might be created.

PMID- 6836078
TI  - [Psychiatry for the rich or psychiatry for the poor?].

PMID- 6836079
TI  - [Psychiatry in the urban sector--results of an empirical study and experiences at
      the counseling center for social and psychiatric problems in Linden (Hannover)].

PMID- 6836081
TI  - Death, resurrection, and rebirth: observations in cardiac surgery.
AB  - The fantasy of life after death is universal, and every culture attempts to deal
      with concepts of resurrection and rebirth. In the past, these fantasies have
      dealt with religious and symbolic meanings, but cardiac resuscitation and cardiac
      surgery have introduced a new dimension: the patients' concept that they die in
      reality and are reborn or resurrected. This study, which was based on pre- and
      postoperative psychiatric interviews with cardiac patients, has focused on the
      problems such patients face. Their defensive immortality-formations appear to
      confirm Freud's speculations in Thoughts for the Times on War and Death
      concerning the human being's difficulty in accepting death as an end to life.
      Case history vignettes were presented, showing how these fantasies of death and
      resurrection can influence patients' ability to undergo necessary surgery. It was
      suggested that the idea of rebirth indicates starting life anew without blemish,
      whereas resurrection fantasies involve having another chance to live but with the
      same defective body.

PMID- 6836080
TI  - The rules and frames of the psychoanalytic situation.
AB  - Classical psychoanalytic theory and technique are still coherent, flexible,
      viable, and developing. But there is a need to develop an interactional theory
      which would be compatible with intrapsychic theory. One approach, utilizing a
      relativistic view of social realities, is "frame analysis," the study of the
      rules (which operate primarily outside of awareness) delimiting and governing
      specific social interactions. Applied to the analytic situation, it is a useful
      way to analyze the transactions. A clinical vignette is presented for purposes of
      illustration.

PMID- 6836082
TI  - Freud's concept of working through.
AB  - Of all Freud's concepts, working through most completely characterizes the role
      of the patient in analysis. Conceived as the labor of the patient, rather than as
      an analytic technique, working through consists of two phases: recognizing
      resistances (insight) and overcoming resistances (change). In this paper these
      achievements are explicated in terms of the collaborative, yet conflicting,
      functions of remembering and repeating. A metapsychological consideration of the
      resistances in question leads to the system of concepts defined by id-resistance,
      the compulsion to repeat, and the death instinct. Finally, the concept of working
      through gives evidence for the idea of a will to recovery which, in the
      psychoanalytic situation, becomes a will to remember.

PMID- 6836083
TI  - Why short-term psychotherapy for borderlines?
AB  - This paper outlines general concepts for the utilization of short-term
      integrative psychotherapy for borderline personalities. It attempts to understand
      the rationale underlying the application of this therapeutic technique. In
      arriving at this understanding, consideration should be given to: (1) the
      technical aspects specific to the briefer procedures such as: time,
      acceptability, expectations, therapist's activity, focused approach, therapist as
      a real person, emphasis on patient's determination, withdrawal and regression,
      and (2) the particular symptomatic and characterological manifestations of this
      patient population such as: autonomy, relationships, structure and controls,
      choice, engulfment drives, fantasied universe, reality and ego functions.

PMID- 6836084
TI  - Characteristics of depression of chronically ill medical patients. An elaboration
      of personality styles.
AB  - In an earlier study, 13 distinct patterns of depression were found among 132
      asthma, tuberculosis, and pain patients. The subscales of scale 2 of the
      Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) which were developed at the
      Massachusetts Mental Health Center were the basis for the classification via o
      type cluster analysis. The present work projected these patterns to the standard
      three validity and ten clinical scales of the MMPI. In addition, Dirk's panic
      fear and Kleiger's alexithymia scales were scored. It was demonstrated that these
      13 patterns of depression had important personality correlates associated with
      them. A useful point of view to take in medical care of the chronically ill is
      also offered.

PMID- 6836085
TI  - Vulnerability and immune response. An overview.
AB  - A summary of the scope and mechanisms of the immune response is given and the
      hypothesis is put forth that, from the immunologic point of view, infections and
      neoplasms are the result of deficient recognition or arousal of effective defense
      systems against a foreign invader. An overview is provided of animal and human
      natural history, epidemiological, or experimental studies relating psychosocial
      variables to host defenses against infectious and neoplastic disorders; these
      studies implicate the involvement and competency of the immune system. An
      exploratory study is reported examining the relationship of a depressive reaction
      in 7 human subjects to the immune function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The
      3 most depressed and/or hostile subjects showed significant inhibition of normal
      (chemiluminescence) immune response of polymorphonuclear neutrophils as compared
      to nondepressed healthy subjects. This inhibition of the immune response could
      not be attributed to the effects of pharmacologic agents, plasma cortisol levels,
      or differences in circadian rhythm.

PMID- 6836087
TI  - Peptic ulcer in adults. Psychopathological, environmental, characterological and
      hereditary factors.
AB  - 34 male peptic ulcer patients were compared to (a) a group of 37 healthy controls
      and (b) a group of 36 hospitalized controls suffering from illnesses unrelated to
      the gastrointestinal tract. Patients and controls were submitted to the Eysenck
      personality inventory, Foulds' hostility questionnaire, Langner's 22-item
      questionnaire, the Hopkins symptom checklist, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale,
      Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory, Zung's and Beck's rating scales for
      depression, and the 43-item life event inventory by Holmes and Rahe. All patients
      suffered from duodenal ulcer. The parameters that differentiated to a
      statistically significant degree the peptic ulcer patients from either one or
      both groups of controls were: (a) neuroticism, (b) trait and state anxiety, (c)
      guilt, (d) general psychopathology, and (e) stressful life events. Additionally,
      more than 50% of patients had at least one first-degree relative with peptic
      ulcer. These observations indicate that psychopathological, psychosocial,
      characterological and hereditary factors are important pathogenetic contributors
      in peptic ulcer.

PMID- 6836089
TI  - [Psychological factors and processes in the development and course of psychogenic
      pain].

PMID- 6836086
TI  - Psychophysiological studies of eating disorders by means of visual evoked
      responses.
AB  - The psychic conditions of 14 patients with eating disorders were examined
      psychophysiologically. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and vertex potentials (V
      potentials) as visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded simultaneously at
      rest and during hyperventilation. The correlation between manifest anxiety
      measured by the MAS test and the increased amplitudes of VERs during
      hyperventilation was examined. The results showed that the psychic conditions of
      the typical anorexia nervosa patients were similar to a state of alexithymia, as
      they showed less manifest anxiety. The amplitudes of the VEPs and V-potentials
      did not increase during hyperventilation as did those of hysteric and obsessive
      compulsive neurotic patients. Psychic conditions of patients suffering from the
      other type of eating disorders were contrary to the former group, viz., they
      showed much manifest anxiety. The amplitudes of the VERs increased markedly
      during hyperventilation as did those of anxiety neurotic patients. Mechanisms of
      increased amplitudes during hyperventilation as well as the correlation between
      manifest anxiety and anorexia nervosa are discussed. In conclusion, we would
      suggest that the typical cases of anorexia nervosa can be classified as
      psychosomatic disease and the atypical cases and the other eating disorders as
      neuroses.

PMID- 6836088
TI  - [Social epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease].

PMID- 6836090
TI  - [Communication experience in the in family therapy initial interview].

PMID- 6836095
TI  - Post-traumatic revisualizations.

PMID- 6836091
TI  - [Termination of psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy: problem situation in
      psychiatric ambulatory care].

PMID- 6836092
TI  - Mental and emotional aspects of long-distance running.

PMID- 6836094
TI  - Respiratory dyskinesia.

PMID- 6836093
TI  - Lack of mood changes following sucrose loading.

PMID- 6836097
TI  - Symposium on mammography.

PMID- 6836096
TI  - Psychiatric epidemiology: some clinical implications.

PMID- 6836099
TI  - Breast parenchymal patterns and their relationship to risk for having or
      developing carcinoma.

PMID- 6836100
TI  - Problems in the classification of breast cancer.
AB  - This article has sought to clarify the problems that beset the histologic
      classification of the numerous forms of breast cancer. Not only is classification
      itself difficult, but our lack of complete understanding of breast cancer often
      leaves us without criteria sufficiently clear to establish definite categories.
      Any adopted classification can be expected to require repeated revision as new
      information becomes available. Uniformly applying a classification will forever
      be hampered by factors inherent in the practice of surgical pathology and by the
      nature of breast disease. Considering the inherent problems, there is surprising
      uniformity among pathologists interested in the study of mammary carcinoma. The
      diversity is not so much an omen of impending chaos as a manifestation of a
      continuing struggle to understand the disease better.

PMID- 6836098
TI  - Tumor growth, doubling times, and the inability of the radiologist to diagnose
      certain cancers.
AB  - In the absence of prevention, the control of breast cancer demands that it be
      discovered as soon as possible after it reaches threshold size, but before it
      disseminates. This optimal detection time is known as the "cancer control
      window." The actual doubling time of a cancer is a major determinant of the
      length of time available for effective discovery. Data are presented showing the
      enormous variance possible for this interval, ranging from very short times to
      extremely long times. With refined mammographic techniques and conscientious,
      aggressive mammographers, this threshold size continues to shrink and now
      approaches 2 mm. Many factors, however, continue to influence effective detection
      in this size range including cancer type, breast parenchymal density, proper
      applications of examination techniques, and the duration of the cancer control
      window for different cancers. Our own experience and review of the literature
      indicate that a certain percentage of cancers will be missed in the symptomatic
      and screened populations. With some adjustments of technique and interpretation
      and careful attention to them, many of these overlooked cancers can be
      recognized. However, data support the presence of a subset of acute breast
      cancers below threshold size at examination but that can grow to clinically
      detectable and symptomatic size within weeks to months of the breast evaluation
      showing no abnormality. These cancers will surface under any contemporarily
      available screening or detection program through no physician error. Under
      optimal conditions, this group of cancers can neither be prevented nor recognized
      and account for the inability of the radiologist to diagnose some breast cancers.

PMID- 6836101
TI  - The male breast.
AB  - Simultaneous bilateral primary breast carcinoma in the male is a rare occurrence.
      Prognostic factors determining the survival rate in male patients with breast
      cancer are the same as for those in female patients. Retraction and bloody
      discharge from the nipple, enlargement of axillary nodes, ulceration of the skin,
      and so forth indicate a poor prognosis. Early detection of cancer using the best
      available modality, therefore, is of great importance in improving the survival
      of these patients.

PMID- 6836102
TI  - Breast imaging techniques. Mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography,
      thermography, and transillumination.

PMID- 6836103
TI  - Localization of clinically occult breast lesions.

PMID- 6836104
TI  - Breast cancer.

PMID- 6836105
TI  - Minimal breast cancer redux.

PMID- 6836106
TI  - Gallbladder examinations: a comparison between sonography and radiography.
AB  - For the past 50 years, oral cholecystography has been the standard study of
      radiographic evaluation of the gallbladder with a 98% accuracy level. In the last
      few years, ultrasound has achieved a similar degree of accuracy; this newer
      imaging modality has been predicted by some experts to soon become the initial
      procedure for gallbladder evaluation. It is essential to become aware of the
      advantages and disadvantages of both oral cholecystography and abdominal
      ultrasound to be able to use both of them to the best diagnostic advantage.

PMID- 6836107
TI  - Radiographers' knowledge of aging.
AB  - A Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ) was given to a survey group of radiographers and
      students. As a group, radiographers were found to be as well educated as any
      other group of health care professionals. A progression was seen from student to
      graduate radiographer; the contention is made that early clinical experience may
      be responsible for much of the knowledge radiographers have about aging.

PMID- 6836109
TI  - Effective inservice education in radiography.
AB  - Inservice education programs can be improved by using research on the principles
      of adult learning, coupled with addressing the particular stage or developmental
      level of the learner. These programs could then become a major vehicle for
      continuous self-renewal of radiographers and, ultimately, the radiology
      department.

PMID- 6836110
TI  - An effective fluoroscopic shield for angiographic equipment.
AB  - The need to reduce the dose of radiation to radiologists and technologists
      involved in peripheral angiography at the University of Cincinnati Hospital
      resulted in the development of a radiation shield. This shield is lightweight,
      transparent, and adequately reduces the level of scatter radiation produced
      during fluoroscopy without interfering with the angiographer or the sterile
      field. The shield is effective, fairly inexpensive, and simple to construct.

PMID- 6836108
TI  - Radiation and its genetic sequelae.
AB  - Due to increasing public consciousness regarding radiation, technologists are
      frequently questioned about risks attendant to radiologic procedures. A
      particularly obscure aspect of radiation effects is genetic risk. This article
      provides a starting point for technologists wishing to develop a comprehensive
      knowledge base on the genetic effects of radiation.

PMID- 6836111
TI  - The radiology of juxtaglomerular tumors.
AB  - Nine cases of proven juxtaglomerular tumor of the kidney are reviewed. Each
      patient presented with hypertension; elevated peripheral renin levels were found
      in four patients. As in past studies, this tumor occurred more frequently in
      women (7/9 cases). Although the patients tended to be younger (mean age, 31
      years) than those with essential hypertension, all but two patients were more
      than 20 years of age. In all cases, the tumor was solitary, well-defined, and
      curable by surgery. The tumor was identified by excretory urography in 5/8
      patients who underwent this procedure. A solid renal mass was detected in each of
      the seven patients examined by ultrasound. Since the tumor tends to be isodense
      with normal renal parenchyma, it is sometimes not seen on computed tomography
      without intravenous contrast material. Arteriography revealed a hypovascular mass
      in each of the nine patients. The combination of a hypovascular solid renal mass
      in a patient with elevated renin but no renal artery lesions should suggest the
      diagnosis of a juxtaglomerular cell tumor.

PMID- 6836112
TI  - Reactions to intravenous contrast media. Part I: Severe and fatal cardiovascular
      reactions in a canine dehydration model.
AB  - Investigations into the nature of severe and fatal reactions to contrast media
      have been severely limited by their unpredictable occurrence in the clinical
      setting and the absence of suitable laboratory models. The authors report their
      experience with a canine dehydration model. Intravenous administration of 2 ml/kg
      of 76% sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate resulted in vomiting, shock,
      inappropriate slowing of the heart rate, and death. ECG findings indicated
      suppression of sinoatrial node automaticity, a decrease in the rate of
      atrioventricular conduction, and depression of myocardial contractility. These
      results suggest two possible mechanisms: (a) enhanced vagal tone as the result of
      stimulation of the vasomotor center of the medulla or (b) accentuation of direct
      contrast-induced myocardial toxicity.

PMID- 6836113
TI  - Reactions to intravenous contrast media. Part II: Acute renal response in
      euvolemic and dehydrated dogs.
AB  - Growing concern about acute renal failure as the result of contrast agents
      prompted an investigation into the renal effects of intravenous contrast
      materials in euvolemic and dehydrated dogs. Bolus injection of hypertonic agents
      induced marked reductions in filtration fraction and glomerular filtration rate
      in both groups of animals; however, these changes were transient, returning to
      near-base-line values within 30 minutes after injection. The most striking
      differences between euvolemic and dehydrated animals appeared to be related to
      prerenal factors such as hypovolemia and contrast-induced hypotension.

PMID- 6836114
TI  - Lung disease caused by amiodarone, a new antiarrythmic agent.
AB  - Amiodarone hydrochloride, used for prophylaxis of recurrent ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias that are resistant to other agents, may cause toxic pulmonary
      reactions associated with abnormal chest radiographs. The authors review four new
      cases of amiodarone-induced toxicity and eight cases reported in the literature.
      Peripheral areas of consolidation, predominantly in the upper lobes and
      resembling chronic eosinophilic pneumonia or tuberculosis, and diffuse
      interstitial disease were seen. Clinical symptoms included dyspnea on exertion,
      weakness, and occasionally pleuritic pain. Radiographic abnormalities developed
      after a median latency period of six months on the drug (600 to 800 mg daily).
      Pathologic findings suggested a possible toxic effect of the drug on phospholipid
      metabolism in the lung. Amiodarone toxicity may lead to significant pulmonary
      insufficiency. The clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were
      completely reversible upon cessation of drug use and institution of
      corticosteroid treatment. Resolution generally occurs within three months.

PMID- 6836115
TI  - The peribiliary vascular plexus: the microvascular architecture of the bile duct
      in the rabbit and in clinical cases.
AB  - The livers of 30 rabbits were perfused with a silicone rubber solution
      (Microfil), underwent a clearing process, and were examined with a dissection
      microscope. The study showed distinct vascular plexuses in and around the bile
      duct, and two concentric vascular layers present within its wall: the inner
      capillary and the outer venous. Around the bile duct there was a fine arterial
      network and a larger venous plexus, which communicated with the capillary and
      venous plexuses of the bile duct, respectively. The venous plexuses drained
      directly into the sinusoids or indirectly through the portal vein. The
      microvascular architecture of the rabbit bile duct correlated well with clinical
      angiograms exhibiting normal and abnormal peribiliary vascular plexuses. The
      arterial and venous plexuses dilated and provided collateral circulation in both
      extrahepatic and intrahepatic arterial and portal vein occlusions, respectively.
      The peribiliary arteries may be dilated or encased in patients with
      cholangiocarcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma invading the bile duct. The animal
      study and observations on angiograms suggest the existence of transplexal
      arterioportal communication.

PMID- 6836116
TI  - Drug-induced esophagitis detected by double-contrast radiography.
AB  - Patients with esophageal symptoms following drug ingestion underwent double
      contrast upper gastrointestinal studies, and radiographic findings are described.
      Superficial esophageal ulceration and subtle mucosal abnormalities, which have
      not been seen on single-contrast radiographs, were confirmed on double-contrast
      radiographs. Erosions or ulcers usually occur in the region of the aortic arch
      and occasionally lower in the esophagus. Repeat esophagrams after withdrawal of
      the medication indicate resolution of the symptoms.

PMID- 6836117
TI  - Spinal enostoses (bone islands).
AB  - Spinal enostoses are regarded as rare; they have been reported as present in
      approximately 1% of all spines. We have identified several patients with spinal
      enostoses in the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies. Therefore, we have
      initiated a prospective radiographic and pathologic investigation of enostoses,
      and we report the occurrence of these lesions in 14 of 100 cadavers (14%). The
      lesions varied in size from 2 X 2 mm to 6 X 10 mm. They were seen on radiographs
      of the whole specimen and of specimen sections, but only 29% of radiographs
      obtained prior to the death of the patient demonstrated such findings.

PMID- 6836119
TI  - Intra-articular milk of calcium in saturnine gout.
AB  - Radiographs of two patients with saturnine gout (lead gout) demonstrated radio
      opaque material which resembled milk of calcium within several joints. A
      histochemical examination of knee aspirate of one of the patients revealed a
      combination of monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate.
      Subsequently, the authors suspected that the findings of intra-articular milk of
      calcium were due to the coexistence of saturnine gout and calcium pyrophosphate
      dihydrate deposition disease rather than intra-articular calcified tophus.

PMID- 6836118
TI  - Osteoid osteoma: an unusual cause of articular pain.
AB  - Twenty-five patients who had histologically proved osteoid osteoma and whose
      major symptom was joint pain were studied. Retrospective study of clinical data
      and radiographs revealed that almost all of the lesions were located near the
      painful joint and that there had been significant delay in determination of the
      correct diagnosis. The delay was related to the nonspecificity of symptoms, the
      latency between the onset of symptoms and the appearance of the lesion on
      radiologic study, and the evaluation sequence used in some patients. The relative
      effectiveness of various diagnostic modalities is discussed. Radionuclide bone
      scanning, plain radiography, and guided tomography are the most useful diagnostic
      studies.

PMID- 6836120
TI  - Redefinitions of indications for percutaneous nephrostomy.
AB  - An analysis of treatment response in 215 patients treated by percutaneous
      nephrostomy identified obstruction of the urinary tract, complicated by infection
      and sometimes gram-negative septicemia, as the single most important indication
      for this intervention. Percutaneous nephrostomy reduced the mortality from gram
      negative septicemia from 40% to 8%. Similarly, the length of hospitalization for
      patients with severe infection complicating urinary tract obstruction was reduced
      by half in the group undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy. In 43 patients with
      longstanding obstruction, percutaneous nephrostomy was used to predict
      recoverable renal function based on the response of renal plasma flow rate to
      decompression. In 13 patients, percutaneous nephrostomies were used either for
      the introduction of solvents to dissolve calculi or to serve as pathways for
      their extraction. Percutaneous nephrostomies in 21 patients were expanded to
      serve as points of entry for the placement of stent catheters to treat fistulas
      or bougie catheters to dilate and subsequently catheterize ureteral strictures.
      While six serious complications were encountered, five of these might have been
      prevented by meticulous adherence to proper technique.

PMID- 6836122
TI  - Mechanisms of recurrent varicocele after balloon occlusion or surgical ligation
      of the internal spermatic vein.
AB  - Clinical recurrence of varicocele developed in eight of 70 patients (11%) who
      underwent balloon occlusion of the internal spermatic vein (ISV) at the level of
      the third or fourth lumbar vertebra. Five patients also underwent venography for
      postoperative recurrence of varicocele. Recurrence was due to either collateral
      veins that bypassed the balloon occlusion or surgical ligation. The ISV was
      reconstituted in the pelvis of five of the eight patients following balloon
      occlusion, and in all patients following surgical ligation. Two patients who had
      recurrence after balloon embolization had clinically undetected right sided
      varicoceles. The technique of balloon occlusion of the spermatic vein should be
      modified: in most cases the balloon should be placed in the inguinal segment of
      the vein below the point where the collateral veins enter the ISV. The best site
      for balloon detachment can be determined by test occlusion and ISV venography to
      observe for blood flow within the collateral veins beyond the balloon. Venography
      is performed prior to detachment, and if the anatomy suggests a likely
      recurrence, the position of the balloon is shifted, which offers an advantage
      over other methods of treatment.

PMID- 6836121
TI  - Catheter dilatation of benign ureteral strictures.
AB  - Twenty-seven symptomatic, benign postoperative strictures of the ureter or
      ureteropelvic junction were dilated with balloon or angiographic catheters in an
      attempt to definitively treat the strictures without surgery. Twenty-three
      dilatations were performed in antegrade fashion in conjunction with or subsequent
      to percutaneous nephrostomy, and four strictures were dilated in retrograde
      fashion per urethra. Thirteen of 27 strictures (48%) were successfully dilated.
      Certain strictures were more amenable to dilatation than others. In general, the
      potential for success in dilating ureteral strictures appears to be more
      dependent on the nature of the stricture than either its duration or the method
      of dilatation. Based on our initial experience, suggested techniques and
      guidelines for patient selection are offered.

PMID- 6836123
TI  - Ultrasound screening of premature infants: longitudinal follow-up of intracranial
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Ninety-four infants weighing less than 2 kg were screened for intracranial
      abnormalities on the third and seventh days after birth using high-resolution
      real-time ultrasound. An overall abnormality rate of 37% was documented, with
      intracranial hemorrhage making up 83% of the abnormalities. Infants with
      abnormalities were then followed up for one to 12 months. Reversion to a normal
      ultrasound appearance was unlikely on follow-up in patients with lateral
      ventricular dilatation on the day-seven scan, whether or not dilatation was
      accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage. The ultrasound appearance became normal
      in 93% of the infants with intracranial hemorrhage but without dilated ventricles
      on their day-seven scan. The authors conclude that ultrasound is an efficient
      screening method for intracranial abnormalities in low birth weight infants.

PMID- 6836124
TI  - The choice of contrast agent for myelography in patients with nonpenetrating
      cervical spine trauma.
AB  - Forty patients with neurological deficits from cervical spine trauma had cervical
      myelography with metrizamide, gas, iophendylate, or a combination thereof. At a
      low dosage (less than or equal to 1.25 g I), metrizamide was found to be not only
      the most effective in demonstrating the spinal cord but also safe if used with a
      C-arm biplane fluoroscopic unit which has tomographic capability.

PMID- 6836126
TI  - Work in progress: nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the gallbladder.
AB  - A preliminary study of the relation between food intake and intensity of
      gallbladder bile on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images was made. Twelve
      subjects (seven volunteers, five patients) were imaged following a minimum of 14
      hours of fasting. Six of seven volunteers were reimaged one hour after
      stimulation by either a fatty meal or an alcoholic beverage. An additional seven
      patients were imaged two hours after a hospital breakfast. It was found that
      concentrated bile emits a high-intensity spin echo signal (SE), while hepatic
      bile in the gallbladder produces a low-intensity SE signal. Following ingestion
      of cholecystogogue, dilute hepatic bile settles on top of the concentrated bile,
      each emitting SE signals of different intensity. The average T1 value of
      concentrated bile was 594 msec, while the T1 value of dilute hepatic bile was
      2,646 msec. The average T2 values were 104 msec for concentrated bile and 126
      msec for dilute bile. The most likely cause for the different SE intensities of
      bile is the higher water content, and therefore longer T1 and T2 relaxation
      times, of hepatic bile. It is suggested that NMR imaging has the ability to
      provide physiological information about the gallbladder and that it may prove to
      be a simple and safe clinical test of gallbladder function.

PMID- 6836125
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of the thorax were obtained in ten normal
      volunteers, nine patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma, and three
      patients with benign thoracic abnormalities. In normal volunteers, mediastinal
      and hilar structures were seen with equal frequency on NMR images and computed
      tomographic scans. The hila were especially well displayed on spin-echo images.
      Spin-echo images showed mediastinal invasion by tumor, vascular and bronchial
      compression and invasion, and hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. Tumor and benign
      abnormalities could be separated from mediastinal and hilar fat because of their
      longer T1 times. Lung masses and nodules as small as 1.5 cm could be seen on the
      spin-echo images. NMR imaging shows promise for assessment of benign and
      malignant mediastinal, hilar, and lung abnormalities.

PMID- 6836127
TI  - Computed tomography of pancreatic trauma.
AB  - In a review of over 300 CT scans of abdominal trauma, we encountered 13 patients
      with surgically proved pancreatic injuries. CT correctly diagnosed pancreatic
      fractures, contusions, or posttraumatic pseudocysts in 11 of these patients.
      There were two false positive and two false negative diagnoses. The CT diagnosis
      of pancreatic trauma may be difficult in selected patients who are scanned soon
      after injury. Acutely, the actual plane of a pancreatic fracture may be difficult
      to identify with CT, and the peripancreatic soft-tissue changes of traumatic
      pancreatitis are often subtle. Eight of 11 correctly diagnosed pancreatic
      injuries showed thickening of the left anterior renal fascia on CT scans. This
      sign should prompt a critical evaluation of the pancreas of the traumatized
      patient.

PMID- 6836128
TI  - Work in progress: serial evaluation of tumor volume using computed tomography and
      contrast kinetics.
AB  - Computed tomography can be used to evaluate tumor volume changes after therapy.
      Pre- and posttreatment results are presented for nine human neoplasms. Volume
      changes are correlated with the behavior of intravenous diatrizoate contrast
      material. The five-minute diatrizoate distribution volume appears to be a
      potential contrast material marker for therapeutically induced tumor volume
      changes. Neoplasms decreasing in volume demonstrate a decrease in the diatrizoate
      distribution volume; those increasing in volume demonstrate an increase.

PMID- 6836130
TI  - The ultrasonic features of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, with emphasis on the
      postoperative appearance.
AB  - Six patients were examined with high-resolution real-time ultrasound following
      Rammstedt pyloromyotomy for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. At surgery, the
      pyloric muscle thickness was greater than or equal to 4 mm, diameter greater than
      or equal to 13 mm, and length greater than or equal to 19 mm. Sequential
      sonograms showed that all three measurements fell to normal levels within 6
      weeks.

PMID- 6836129
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: real-time application and
      the demonstration of a new sonographic sign.
AB  - The diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), a common problem of
      infancy, is usually based on medical history. When the diagnosis is in question a
      barium upper gastrointestinal series has been the diagnostic imaging procedure of
      choice. In this study real-time ultrasound was used in 27 infants in whom pyloric
      stenosis was suspected. The published criteria for the ultrasound diagnosis of
      pyloric stenosis were used to evaluate the results. Fourteen examinations were
      true-positive, 12 were true-negative, and one was false-negative. The authors
      termed the hypertrophied muscle, which was demonstrated in longitudinal section,
      the "ultrasonic cervix sign" of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. It was concluded
      that real-time ultrasound is a simple and accurate method for the diagnosis of
      HPS and should be the initial imaging procedure.

PMID- 6836131
TI  - Sonographic appearance of hematoma in liver, spleen, and kidney: a clinical,
      pathologic, and animal study.
AB  - Following the observation of several cases of localized echogenic foci in
      abdominal parenchymal organs in patients with acute bleeding due to trauma, an
      experimental study was designed to define the sonographic appearance of fresh,
      nonhemolyzed blood. Ultrasound scanning performed before and after the injection
      of blood or air into the parenchyma of cadaveric organs (liver, spleen, and
      kidney) resulted in consistent ultrasonic patterns. Linear echogenic foci
      resulted from the injection of 0.5 to 2.0 ml of blood, rounded echogenic foci
      were seen with air or 3- to 10-ml injections of blood, and the injection of
      contrast material (into the liver only) caused poorly defined hypoechoic areas.
      To determine if the ultrasound appearance of the cadaveric organs could have been
      caused mainly by air, an in vivo experiment was performed in which computed
      tomograms of the liver of a dog that had been injected with autologous blood were
      obtained. It is concluded that CT confirmed the ultrasound findings, and that
      ultrasound is useful for the investigation of hematoma following blunt, and
      possibly penetrating, trauma.

PMID- 6836132
TI  - Ultrasound in obstructive jaundice: prospective evaluation of site and cause.
AB  - A prospective study of the ability of ultrasound to accurately determine the site
      and etiology of biliary obstruction in 62 patients is reported. The site of
      obstruction was predicted in 27% of the patients, but was indeterminate in 73%
      because of the inability to visualize the complete biliary tract. The cause of
      obstruction was correctly predicted in 23% of the patients and was indeterminate
      in 76%. While sonography is an excellent screening method for distinguishing
      dilated ducts from nondilated ducts, the authors believe that direct
      cholangiography, or possibly computed tomography, is necessary if stringent
      criteria are applied to the determination of the site and cause of biliary
      obstruction.

PMID- 6836133
TI  - Interventional ultrasound in detection and treatment of renal inflammatory
      disease.
AB  - Fifty-one patients with acute inflammatory renal disease were examined with
      ultrasound. The spectrum of findings seen in acute pyelonephritis is described,
      with emphasis on the evolution of the disease from acute focal inflammation to
      perinephric extension. There were 26 cases of acute bacterial nephritis, 15 cases
      of abscess formation, and 10 cases of pyohydronephrosis. Pathologic correlation
      was obtained. The impact of percutaneous needle puncture on the diagnosis and
      treatment of all stages of renal disease is discussed. Prompt diagnosis can be
      made, and specific antibiotic therapy can be instituted on the basis of
      information obtained by ultrasound examination and percutaneous aspiration. If
      necessary, treatment may be aided by ultrasonically guided placement of drainage
      catheters. Serial examination will show resolution of the disease, and it avoids
      exposure of the patient to ionizing radiation and intravenous contrast agents.

PMID- 6836134
TI  - Ultrasonography in testicular torsion.
AB  - Testicular torsion was evaluated by B-scan ultrasound in one experimental animal
      and in 12 patients. The clinical findings were categorized as acute, subacute, or
      chronic depending on the amount of time that had elapsed since the onset of pain
      (less than 24 hours, 1 to 10 days, and more than 10 days, respectively). A
      consistent pattern of sonographic parenchymal changes for each of these stages is
      described. The ultrasound textural changes were found to be diagnostically useful
      when correlated with the clinical findings. Scrotal ultrasound also complements
      radioisotope studies, locating the testicle when it cannot be found by palpation,
      and may detect testicular torsion that is not suspected clinically. When
      physiologic blood flow studies are normal in the clinical setting of possible
      torsion, ultrasound is more accurate than other imaging modalities in
      demonstrating pathology.

PMID- 6836135
TI  - Sonography of the breast: findings following conservative surgery and irradiation
      for early carcinoma.
AB  - A dedicated-waterpath ultrasound breast scanner was used to examine 25 patients
      who had early breast carcinomas that were treated with conservative surgery
      (lumpectomy, tylectomy) and irradiation. Sonographic findings following such
      therapy included asymmetry in breast size, skin deformity and thickening, nipple
      retraction and/or distortion, and thickening of the Cooper ligaments. Disruption
      of the central echogenic cone of fibroglandular tissue, and general architectural
      distortion and internal asymmetry when the breasts were compared were also
      present in a large percentage of patients. The single case of recurrent carcinoma
      revealed only enlargement of the treated breast when the breasts were compared;
      no other pertinent sonographic findings were evident. The significance of
      sonography in the evaluation of the breast after conservative therapy for
      carcinoma remains to be determined. However, many of the sonographic findings in
      this group of patients are similar to those of the secondary signs of carcinoma.
      Knowledge of the sonographic changes of the conservatively treated breast
      therefore assumes importance for the sonographer.

PMID- 6836136
TI  - Geometric determination of left ventricular volume from gated blood-pool studies
      using a slant-hole collimator.
AB  - A geometric method of measuring absolute left ventricular volumes from gated
      blood-pool studies obtained in a single-plane modified left anterior oblique view
      was evaluated prospectively in 30 patients who also underwent single-plane
      contrast ventriculography. The gated studies used a 30 degrees straight-bore
      slant-hole collimator with the holes slanted caudally. Left ventricular end
      diastolic volume was calculated using the area-length method, with semiautomatic
      definition of the left ventricular region of interest and the maximum length of
      the left ventricle. Ejection fraction was determined from the left ventricular
      time/activity curve. The left ventricular end-systolic volume was derived using
      the end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction. Correlation coefficients between
      the two methods were 0.93 for end-diastolic volume, 0.95 for end-systolic volume,
      and 0.91 for ejection fraction. This method provided accurate and highly
      reproducible measurements of actual left ventricular volumes and was easily
      applicable in routine clinical studies.

PMID- 6836138
TI  - Angiographic techniques. A) venous sampling, b) balloon catheterization, and c)
      upright testicular venography.

PMID- 6836137
TI  - Work in progress: radionuclide imaging of indium-111-labeled eosinophils in mice.
AB  - Eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine
      and injected intravenously into sensitized mice. They became localized at sites
      of inflammation produced by intradermal injections of schistosomal antigen or
      Toxocara canis larvae, whereas labeled neutrophils did not. Intense uptake of
      eosinophils by normal spleen, liver, and bone marrow was noted, with tracer
      distribution effectively complete by 5 hours after injection. Indium-111
      eosinophil studies appear to be quite sensitive to parasitic inflammatory
      reactions; in contrast, nonspecific inflammation such as that induced by
      turpentine causes localization of eosinophils, but to a lesser extent. This
      technique may be useful in the study of parasitic and allergic disease.

PMID- 6836140
TI  - Transgluteal sonography. A new approach to the posterior pelvic compartment.
AB  - Ten patients with presacral tumors proved by histologic and computed-tomographic
      investigations underwent ultrasound scanning. The sound beam was directed through
      the ischial foramen along longitudinal, transverse, and oblique planes. Nine of
      10 tumors localized in the sacral fossa were identified sonographically. In six
      of 10 instances, tumor demarcation was possible. Sonographic evaluation was
      impaired because of distance between the transducer and the target due to a
      patient's large volume and by the cranial location of the tumor. The transgluteal
      approach is suggested for sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy.

PMID- 6836139
TI  - Translumbar coronary arteriography.
AB  - Selective coronary angiography, using a catheter sheath placed across the lumbar
      region and into the abdominal aorta, has been performed for a patient with lack
      of other arterial access due to severe occlusive atherosclerosis in the abdominal
      aorta and innominate and left subclavian arteries. This approach is quick and
      facile, but care must be taken to prevent possible bleeding complications.

PMID- 6836142
TI  - The myth of anechoic renal sinus fat.

PMID- 6836141
TI  - The status of women radiologists: membership on editorial boards and
      participation in upper echelons of radiologic societies.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the role of women radiologists in organized
      radiology on a national level. Statistics relating to age and sex distribution of
      radiologists, editorial representation of women radiologists, and membership of
      women radiologists in upper echelons of radiologic societies were analyzed. In
      relation to their numbers, women radiologists were found to be under-represented
      in all categories studied; some possible contributing factors are noted. Greater
      participation of women radiologists should be supported and encouraged.

PMID- 6836143
TI  - Fracture of the first and second ribs: incidence of vascular injury relative to
      type of fracture.

PMID- 6836145
TI  - Fetal limb biometry.

PMID- 6836146
TI  - [Chemical evolution and biosynthesis of primitive proteins].

PMID- 6836144
TI  - Risks associated with angiography in patients with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 6836148
TI  - [Usefulness of arthrography of the knee in assessing the unfavorable outcome from
      a meniscectomy intervention].
AB  - Knee arthrography was performed in 22 patients suffering from persistent
      articular symptoms after meniscectomy. In 3 cases a surgically proved tear of the
      opposite meniscus was assessed. In 4 cases no meniscal tear was found, but 3 out
      of these patients had a significant anatomic lesion. In 15 cases meniscectomy was
      found to be incomplete, and a residual posterior horn of the medial meniscus was
      observed, normal in shape in 7 cases, torn or detached in 8. It is suggested that
      the persistence of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus after meniscectomy
      may cause the persistent symptoms; the value of knee arthrography before surgery
      is emphasized.

PMID- 6836147
TI  - [Evaluation of bone maturity: the simplified percentile method of the skeletal
      profile].
AB  - A new method is presented for the evaluation of skeletal growth; it is a
      simplification of an already known too time-consuming method. A single left wrist
      and-hand X-ray is required; examining the morphology of five hand and wrist bones
      (different according to age) the examined subject can be judged either normal, or
      requiring a more thorough examination. The results shown were achieved comparing,
      on 286 roentgenograms, the new simplified method with the already standardized
      ones. The use of the new method is not only advised because of its simplicity but
      because of its lack of false negatives as well in the authors' experience.

PMID- 6836150
TI  - [Pharmacological test with cerulein during manometric cholangiography via
      external biliary drainage].
AB  - The manometric post-operative cholangiography through external drainage is now a
      method of everyday use. However in some cases the substenotic appearance of the
      terminal bile tract and of the Oddi's sphincter gives rise to doubts as to the
      real cause of this alteration. Caerulein solves the functional hypertone. It also
      starts a good peristalsis of the terminal bile tract, reducing the intrabiliary
      pressure and causing an evident transpapillary passage. Thus, the use of this
      substance allows a differential diagnosis between organic or functional stenosis.

PMID- 6836149
TI  - [Value and limits of defecography in childhood].
AB  - The experience about 73 defecographic exams performed in pediatric age is
      reported. The casuistry is critically analyzed, taking into consideration the
      most recent non radiological diagnostic improvements. In the authors' opinion,
      defecography in pediatric age is advisable in the diagnosis and post-operative
      control of fecal incontinence. In the other cases radiology may be substituted by
      other less invasive and sometimes more precise methods.

PMID- 6836151
TI  - [Percutaneous pyelostomy: technic and indications].
AB  - The authors evaluated the results of 24 percutaneous nephrostomies. Pelvic
      neoplasms involving ureters were the most frequent indications to the procedure
      (71% of the cases). In all patients the placement of a catheter was possible. The
      authors describe the techniques performed and evaluate their advantages and
      limits. The problems related to the use of nephrostomy in patients with
      widespread neoplasms and severely ill are discussed. The most frequent drawback
      was catheter dislodgement (25% of the cases). No serious complications occur.
      Percutaneous nephrostomy is a temporary or permanent form of urinary diversion in
      obstructive nephropathies, alternative to surgical nephrostomy.

PMID- 6836152
TI  - [Congenital anomalies of the vena cava and renal veins: CT aspects].
AB  - Starting from a few cases of abnormalities of the vena cava and of the renal
      veins, the authors did analyze the congenital abnormalities affecting the above
      mentioned districts.

PMID- 6836153
TI  - [Homogeneous dose distribution in the moving-strip technic].
AB  - The moving-strip technique employing a 60Co beam, is used in radiotherapy for
      whole abdominal irradiation in ovarian tumours and lymphomas. With this technique
      the spread of received dose from single strip, around an average value, is very
      high. Our paper suggest a computerized method for a more homogeneous dose
      distribution in central strips and a lower dose in out-side tissues.

PMID- 6836154
TI  - [Fracture of the occipital condyle].

PMID- 6836155
TI  - [Larsen's syndrome: clinico-radiologic aspects in an 18-month-old infant].

PMID- 6836156
TI  - [Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic granulomatous disease in an infant
      (a case report)].

PMID- 6836157
TI  - [Voluminous "wandering spleen" with thromboses of the splenic vein: preoperative
      diagnosis with angiography].

PMID- 6836158
TI  - [Case of giant hydronephrosis].

PMID- 6836159
TI  - [Guidelines for counseling services for the rehabilitation of the handicapped.
      25. Counseling of parents in childhood language development disorders].

PMID- 6836160
TI  - [Problems and disabilities resulting from tumors of the central nervous system].
AB  - 100 patients of the neurological clinic of the University of Cologne affected by
      tumors of the brain or spinal cord, had been interviewed according to a catalogue
      of disabilities developed on the lines of the WHO classification of impairments,
      disabilities, and handicaps. Two months later, 55 patients who had had a previous
      disease history of less than 12 months, again reported on the course of their
      disease and the difficulties they experienced. Most of them in their middle
      years, the patients studied were disabled to very different degrees, the majority
      of them experiencing greater or lesser limitations in almost all areas of life.
      The occurrence of individual disabilities, above all visual impairments, personal
      care disabilities, of locomotion, manual activity, and disorders of balance, was
      found to be dependent on patient age and tumor diagnosis, whereas disease
      duration appeared to have little impact.

PMID- 6836161
TI  - [Rehabilitation of cancer patients including creative therapies].
AB  - When sufficient experience had been accumulated to support the view that
      intensive aftercare of the consequences of cancer will have a favourable impact
      on the individual's prognosis, the German social insurance institutions extended
      coverage to aids for vocational reintegration, and a medical indication of cancer
      rehabilitation. Own experience gathered since in the longterm care of cancer
      patients, which lasted up to three years, almost invariably brought about
      improvements in the quality of life, often a prolongation of survival time that
      was worth living, and occasionally a shorter incapacity for work. The decisive
      factor in this connexion was found to be individualized occupational therapy
      measures, which, when appropriate, included art and music therapy, structured
      psychotherapy that included relaxation exercises and group talks as well as
      recreational activities, both active and passive. The significance of these
      therapy plans is understood when one takes into account that cancer patients tend
      to withdraw from their environment due to their anxieties and an impaired self
      worth. On account of misconceptions on the disease and its causes those affected
      by it are often kept away from and further isolated, which aggravates the already
      existing deficit of social contacts. Insufficient ability to creatively use
      excessive leisure time will invariably entail brooding over one's personal fate,
      with depressive reactions being an often unavoidable result.

PMID- 6836163
TI  - [Psychosocial rehabilitation of cancer patients].
AB  - The author draws attention of three myths that seem to be establishing in the
      framework of psychosocial rehabilitation of cancer patients, i.e. - that our
      current knowledge of the psychosocial situation of cancer patients is sufficient
      to enable systematic therapies to be offered; - that our current knowledge allows
      coping processes in cancer patients to be evaluated; - that disease models
      stemming from the treatment of neuroses can be transferred to psychotherapy of
      cancer patients. The potentially adverse implications these doctrines have for
      practical therapeutic work are underlined, and proposals are put forward relative
      to the fundamental research needed in the field of psychotherapy of cancer
      patients.

PMID- 6836164
TI  - [The rank value of sports and movement therapy in patients with breast or pelvic
      cancer].
AB  - In the summer of 1980 fifty women with breast or uterine cancer participating in
      a health resort measure for cancer aftercare took part in an extended sports and
      movement therapy programme, which included hiking, swimming, play and dance
      activities, as well as specific gymnastic exercises to improve shoulder joint
      function. Only 38 percent of the women had previously received physical therapy
      during primary clinical treatment. On the basis of a standardized questionnaire
      submitted at the beginning and at the end of the aftercare measure, information
      was obtained from 42 women on their holiday and leisure behaviour, on the
      expected aftercare measure outcome, as well as their attitudes towards sports. In
      a follow-up interview some six months later 71 percent reported continued sports
      activities. Exercise programmes must be simple, their effectiveness explained,
      and they must be felt to be beneficial. As had been the case with the coronary
      sports groups, the establishment of local "cancer sports groups" needs to be
      actively pursued.

PMID- 6836162
TI  - [Psychosocial aspects in the care of stoma patients].
AB  - The assistance offered to a patient during the process of adapting to a stoma
      should always be tailored to individual needs and to disease development. This
      requires consideration of all those involved in treatment and care, including
      from the very outset the family doctor, the patient's relatives and pastor, as
      well as the nursing staff of community-based health and social services centres
      (Sozialstationen). Adjustment to a stoma takes about twelve months. It is
      important, among others, to see about social-legislative aids being made
      available, and to actively enhance the patient getting in touch with a self-help
      group if he does not do so of his own accord. The smooth interplay of all those
      involved in treatment and care, the experience of a kind of therapeutic
      community, are most likely to ensure to the patient an individualized and speedy
      course of the rehabilitative process.

PMID- 6836165
TI  - [The need for presenting rehabilitation legislation in teaching and research].
AB  - In the four phases of rehabilitation (the medical, educational, vocational, and
      social phase) it is the function of the law to set the frame of objectives for,
      and the procedures to be followed in, rehabilitation. In this connexion, legal
      science has a threefold function: It is an auxiliary and reference science of
      educational and medical rehabilitation; it is the basic science for transferring
      social policies into substantive legislation; and alongside the social sciences,
      it is the special branch of science relevant to social-vocational rehabilitation.
      An overview of the lectures and courses offered in the field of rehabilitation
      demonstrates that the legal discipline is markedly under-represented when
      compared to the medical and social sciences. Six postulates are put forward for
      the legal science's role of basic science, followed by a demonstration of its
      capacity of special branch of science by means of the "Rehabilitation Guidelines
      for the Future in the Medical, Vocational, Educational and Social Fields" issued
      by Rehabilitation International. Finally, the legal science's function of
      auxiliary and reference science is set forth, allocating to it a general function
      of reference science. For accomplishing these tasks, an Institute of
      Rehabilitation Law is called for, and the central tasks of such an institution
      are described, e.g. linking rehabilitation practice and legal science, uniform
      curricular orientation of the professional schools, international comparisons of
      rehabilitation legislation, or the importance of the law for the development of
      rehabilitation models as well as for the pertaining operational requirements.

PMID- 6836166
TI  - [Legal modifications in rehabilitation legislation through the 1983 Economic
      Guide Legislation (HHBG '83) on and after 1st January 1983].

PMID- 6836167
TI  - Development of renal function in the rat. The measurement of GFR and ERPF and
      correlation to body and kidney weight.
AB  - Clearance methods, allowing for repeated use in the same animals, were applied in
      a cross-sectional study to establish the normal increase in renal function in
      rats. It was shown that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective
      renal plasma flow (ERPF) per gram of kidney was low in the 4-week-old rats.
      Levels comparable to those of adult rats were reached at an age of about 7 weeks.
      From that age on the GFR and the ERPF, as well as kidney weight, increased at a
      lower rate than did the body weight. The present findings, obtained by these
      rather simple techniques are, in general, concurrent with data from the
      literature on the development and maturation of renal function in rats.

PMID- 6836168
TI  - Intracellular pH in intact rat renal cortex estimated with [14C]-5,5-dimethyl-2,4
      oxazolidinedione.
AB  - The distribution of [14C]-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione ([14C]-DMO) was
      measured in intact rat renal cortex using 22Na+ to estimate extracellular fluid
      volume. Results of two different methods to obtain tissue were compared, a
      cortical slice technique and a whole kidney frozen technique. In normal animals
      with a mean blood pH of 7.41 +/- 0.006 (SEM) the cortical slice method measured
      an intracellular pH of 6.97 +/- 0.03 (SEM). Corrections are described which can
      be used to compensate for varying volumes of tubular fluid in the slice and for
      differing concentrations of intracellular sodium. Using reasonable estimates for
      tubular fluid volume and intracellular sodium these corrections increase the
      value of intracellular pH to about 7.20. The results of the study indicate that
      the cortical slice [14C]-DMO method provides a satisfactory technique to obtain
      baseline values for intracellular pH in intact renal cortex, which can be used to
      detect changes in intracellular pH produced by experimental manipulations.

PMID- 6836169
TI  - Influence of alterations in acid-base conditions on intracellular pH of intact
      renal cortex.
AB  - Intracellular pH (pHI) of intact rat renal cortex was estimated using [14C]-5,5
      dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione and 22Na+ under conditions of metabolic acidosis
      and alkalosis, potassium depletion and carbonic anhydrase inhibition. In
      metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, pHI and bicarbonate concentration changed in
      the same direction as occurred in plasma. In potassium depletion, systemic acid
      base balance was unaltered but a marked intracellular acidosis developed.
      Carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide was associated with an
      extracellular respiratory acidosis and a rise in intracellular bicarbonate
      concentration. Another carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, benzolamide, caused no
      change in systemic acid-base state but produced a decrease in intracellular
      bicarbonate concentration. When appropriate corrections were made for predicted
      change in tubular fluid bicarbonate and for intracellular sodium, modification in
      the absolute values of the above changes occurred but the directions of the
      changes in pHI and bicarbonate concentration were unaltered.

PMID- 6836170
TI  - The effect of hemorrhagic hypotension on total and local renal blood flow in the
      rat.
AB  - The effect of hemorrhagic hypotension (HH) on local and total renal blood flow
      was studied in rats. Cortical blood flow, measured as H2 gas clearance, was
      determined before and during HH with a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg.
      During the initial 10-15 min of bleeding renal cortical vascular resistance was
      unchanged, and total renal blood flow autoregulatory ability was abolished.
      Cortical vascular resistance thereafter increased steadily to twice the control
      level after 90 min of HH. At this time, retransfusion of the shed blood improved
      cortical blood flow due to increased arterial blood pressure, not to reduced
      cortical vascular resistance. In a second group, total and local renal blood
      flows were obtained from 125I-iodoantipyrine uptake rate after 2 h of HH with
      arterial blood pressure maintained at 50 mm Hg. Total renal blood flow was
      reduced to 20% of control with no change in blood flow distribution between outer
      and inner cortical or medullary zones. Both cortical blood flow and intrazonal
      local renal blood flow heterogeneity had increased at the end of the HH period.
      However, ischemic and extremely low flow sectors comprising cortex and outer
      medulla were observed only in 1 of the 10 kidneys studied with the 125I
      iodoantipyrine technique. In only 1 of 8 animals studied with the H2 gas method
      were intermittent sudden changes in cortical blood flow observed during HH. Since
      hematocrit tended to fall during HH, these observations support the concept that
      local flow intermittence is predominantly associated with high hematocrit shocks.

PMID- 6836171
TI  - Gastric structure and function in iron-deficient piglets.
AB  - Gastric motility, secretion and structure were studied in piglets which were
      weaned at two weeks of age and reared in iron-free cages on a low-iron diet.
      Piglets which were not given iron parenterally rapidly developed iron deficiency
      anaemia. Gastric motility was studied fluoroscopically after dosing the piglets
      with barium sulphate. Gastric secretion was studied in piglets with gastric
      cannulae after stimulation with betazole hydrochloride. There was no difference
      between iron-treated and iron-deprived pigs in the motility of the stomach but in
      iron-deprived animals there was marked impairment of acid and chloride secretion
      from an early age and histological evidence of atrophic gastritis.

PMID- 6836172
TI  - Characterisation of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi from camels in Kenya using
      isoenzyme electrophoresis.
AB  - Forty-nine Trypanozoon stocks isolated from camels in five different areas of
      Kenya were screened for isoenzyme patterns of 11 enzymes using thin-layer starch
      gel electrophoresis. The results were compared with those obtained in other
      studies with Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi stocks from South America, Nigeria,
      Sudan and Kuwait. Most of the Kenyan camel stocks were found to be either
      identical or closely similar to T (T) evansi stocks from elsewhere and were
      therefore designated T (T) evansi also; these Kenyan stocks grew well in rats and
      were monomorphic. However, four other Kenyan stocks were electrophoretically
      distinct, and one of them showed marked pleomorphism in rat blood; this latter
      stock was shown to be tsetse transmissible and was therefore designated T (T)
      brucei.

PMID- 6836177
TI  - Faecal analysis for maldigestion in pancreatectomised dogs.
AB  - Faecal analysis for protease activity and the presence of undigested/unabsorbed
      food particles was done for four consecutive days on four pancreatectomised dogs
      fed a commercial complete pet food (Pal). All dogs produced faeces of similar
      appearance. The stools were bulky, light red-brown, well formed but soft and had
      a slight rancid odour. Generally, microscopic findings for undigested/unabsorbed
      food particles were similar. Starch was usually present in large quantities and
      often visible macroscopically when stained with Lugol's iodine. Undigested muscle
      fibres ranged from none to four per low powered field. The presence of large
      numbers of neutral fat droplets was inconsistent in Sudan III A stained faecal
      smears but Sudan III B stained faecal smears usually contained at least 20
      neutral fat droplets with diameters greater than 20 microns per high powered
      field. Faecal protease activity was consistently low and varied between 0.5 and
      2.8 azoalbumin units with the azoprotein method. No protease activity could be
      detected using the X-ray film gelatin digestion test.

PMID- 6836173
TI  - Failure of a bovine strain of Paramphistomum microbothrium to survive in the
      rumen of sheep.

PMID- 6836174
TI  - Failure of Boophilus microplus to transmit irradiated Babesia bovis.

PMID- 6836176
TI  - Effect of various diets on faecal analysis in normal dogs.
AB  - Faecal analysis for undigested/unabsorbed food particles and protease activity
      was performed on multiple samples obtained from four normal dogs each fed four
      different diets. All four diets, irrespective of the dog, produced a consistent
      faecal appearance and microscopic findings for undigested/unabsorbed food
      particles. Cooked and raw minced meat diets produced similar results: stools,
      which were small, green-brown, firm and glutinous, had little starch, occasional
      undigested short muscle fibres and moderate amounts of soap. Stools from the dogs
      on Pal were large, red-brown, solid to semi-solid, and moist; they contained
      little starch, occasional short undigested muscle fibres and little fat. The
      Loyal diet produced large, light yellow, dry, friable stools which had variable
      but usually low starch, no muscle fibres and no fat. Faecal protease activity for
      the different diets was analysed statistically. Differences in faecal protease
      activity due to different diets were evident but complicated by differences due
      to individual dogs.

PMID- 6836178
TI  - Normal and clinical haematology in the yak (Bos grunniens).
AB  - Haematological examinations have been carried out on 21 clinically normal male
      and female adult yaks (Bos grunniens). Animals sedated with xylazine had
      significantly lower red cell counts, haemoglobin levels and packed cell volumes,
      fewer lymphocytes and higher monocyte counts than those bled while manually
      restrained. There were few significant sex differences. Several animals had
      eosinophilia associated with asymptomatic intestinal nematode infection.
      Haematological reference values were calculated for clinically normal, xylazine
      sedated and manually restrained yaks. These were used to identify haematological
      changes in 10 animals with various abnormal clinical signs. It was concluded that
      blood counts can provide valuable diagnostic information in this species.

PMID- 6836175
TI  - Effects of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate, implanted alone or in
      combination with oestradiol-17 beta, on liver cell ultrastructure in steers.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes of steers were studied in animals
      implanted with 140 mg trenbolone acetate, alone or in combination with 20 mg
      oestradiol. The mean volume of the nucleus in the hepatocytes of the animals
      implanted with trenbolone acetate alone was significantly greater than that in
      control animals (P less than 0.001) and in animals implanted with the combined
      preparation (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that the increase indicates an
      androgen-mediated response in the nuclei which is not seen when oestradiol is
      included in the implant. Similarly, the peroxisome volume density was elevated
      significantly above that in the controls by trenbolone acetate (P less than
      0.001); although the inclusion of oestradiol in the implant significantly reduced
      this level (P less than 0.001) it was still greater than the control values (P
      less than 0.05). No mitochondrial abnormalities were observed.

PMID- 6836179
TI  - Mebendazole concentrations in sheep plasma.
AB  - Formulated mebendazole was administered to sheep by intraruminal injection at
      dose rates of 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg bodyweight. The concentrations of
      mebendazole and two major metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid
      chromatography in plasma taken at intervals up to 48 hours after treatment. At
      12.5 mg/kg the peak plasma concentration was 0.22 +/- 0.03 microM mebendazole,
      rising to 0.76 +/- 0.04 microM at 100 mg/kg. Peak plasma concentrations occurred
      between nine and 24 hours for all dose rates and declined rapidly. Two major
      metabolites were detected; their concentrations exceeded that of mebendazole at
      all dose rates.

PMID- 6836180
TI  - Development of benzimidazole resistance in a Haemonchus contortus strain in the
      Netherlands following fenbendazole treatment of ewes at parturition.
AB  - In contrast to observations in former years treatment of ewes after parturition
      with 5 to 7.5 mg/kg fenbendazole was not fully effective in removing Haemonchus
      contortus. Comparison of the H contortus populations in the lambs of these ewes
      and those of untreated ewes later in the year revealed that the treatment
      resulted in fenbendazole resistance and also in side resistance to other
      benzimidazoles. Though the faecal egg counts of the treated ewes were low, the
      prophylactic effect of the treatment on the population build up of H contortus in
      the lambs was very limited.

PMID- 6836182
TI  - Plasma protein loss associated with gastrointestinal parasitism in grazing sheep.
AB  - Some pathophysiological effects of parasitic gastroenteritis in two groups of
      lambs grazing paddocks either heavily or lightly contaminated with
      trichostrongyle larvae were investigated between July and October 1980. The leak
      of plasma protein was measured on three occasions at pasture using 51chromic
      chloride. Total faecal output was measured indirectly using chromic oxide. Losses
      of 51chromic chloride-labelled plasma protein into the gastrointestinal tract
      were significantly higher in the lambs grazing the heavily contaminated pasture
      than in those grazing lightly infected ground in both July and August. The
      increased plasma losses were associated with high faecal egg counts,
      hypoalbuminaemia and elevated levels of plasma pepsinogen.

PMID- 6836181
TI  - Changes in resistance in mixed infections of susceptible and benzimidazole
      resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis
      passaged in sheep.
AB  - Benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis were each diluted with equal numbers of their respective
      susceptible genotypes and passaged in separate worm-free sheep. The progeny of
      the mixed susceptible and resistant infections were diluted with equal numbers of
      susceptible genotypes before passaging on two further consecutive occasions in
      worm-free sheep. In H contortus the amount of thiabendazole required to prevent a
      50 per cent egg hatching (LC50) was reduced at each generation, but the reduction
      was significant (P less than 0.05) only at the third passage. In T colubriformis
      the LC50 for thiabendazole was reduced only at the first passage and thereafter
      remained constant. The reduction was not significant. In another experiment, the
      dilution with susceptible genotypes was made only at the first passage.
      Thereafter for two further generations the progeny produced from the mixed
      infection were passaged in worm-free sheep. In H contortus a reduced amount of
      thiabendazole was required to prevent a 50 per cent egg hatching at each
      generation, but did not reach a level of significance. The result for T
      colubriformis was identical to the continuous dilution experiment.

PMID- 6836183
TI  - Experimentally induced fatty liver and kidney syndrome in the young turkey.
AB  - Turkeys were fed up to four weeks of age on diets of low biotin content and then
      fasted for 18 hours. Three birds developed clinical signs of fatty liver and
      kidney syndrome (FLKS) and on autopsy had pale and swollen livers and kidneys.
      Morphological studies showed fatty accumulations in liver, kidney, heart and
      proventriculus but no signs of inflammatory or degenerative changes. The
      infiltrated lipid had an abnormal fatty acid composition, with an increased
      proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. Affected birds suffered from severe
      hypoglycaemia and hepatic glycogen was depleted. These findings demonstrate that
      FLKS can be induced experimentally in turkeys.

PMID- 6836184
TI  - Leptospirosis and the maintenance host: a laboratory mouse model.
AB  - A laboratory mouse model was used to investigate the criteria that have been
      suggested as differentiating between a maintenance host and an accidental host
      for a particular leptospiral serovar. The comparative studies were conducted with
      serovars ballum, pomona, balcanica and hardjo. The relative pathological
      response, ratio of serological to bacteriological prevalence, level of
      serological response, age-susceptibility to infection and demonstration of
      artificial intraspecies transmission were found to be inadequate criteria with
      which to differentiate maintenance and accidental hosts for a particular serovar.
      The demonstration of natural intraspecies transmission was considered to be the
      definitive criterion for differentiating such hosts. In the light of the results
      obtained from the laboratory mouse model and the results obtained from field
      studies, a maintenance host may be defined as an animal which is capable of
      acting as a natural source of leptospiral infection for its own species. A
      maintenance population may be defined as a population of a species of animal
      which acts as a continuous reservoir of a serovar in a specific ecosystem.

PMID- 6836185
TI  - Decline of serum albumin concentration at calving in dairy cows: its relationship
      with age and association with subsequent fertility.
AB  - Blood samples were collected weekly from Friesian cows between five weeks before
      and 10 weeks after calving in three consecutive years, and analysed for serum
      albumin (using two methods: a hydroxyazobenzene benzoic acid [HABA] dye-binding
      method and a bromocresol green [BCG] method), and serum bilirubin. At calving the
      decrease in HABA albumin concentration in cows was twice that for heifers but
      corresponding decreases in BCG albumin were similar. Bilirubin concentrations
      increased near calving, more so in cows than in heifers, and maximum post partum
      values were inversely correlated with minimum values of HABA albumin (r = 0.40)
      but not with BCG albumin (r = 0.01). Albumin concentrations were lower between
      zero and two weeks (P = 0.03 HABA, P = 0.13 BCG) and between seven and nine weeks
      (P = 0.07 HABA, P = 0.06 BCG) in cows requiring four or more services than in
      cows which conceived at first service. Over the three year period the
      repeatability of post partum albumin concentration was low. However, cows which
      were hypoalbuminaemic in the first year showed higher repeatability in subsequent
      years than those which were not.

PMID- 6836186
TI  - Experimental production of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and alveolitis in cattle:
      the effects of repeated dosage with 3, methyl indole.
AB  - Eleven Friesian steers were given 3, methyl indole (3MI) orally at dose rates
      ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 g/kg. Three of these (group B) received a single oral
      dose of 0.2 g/kg and subsequently developed respiratory distress. Their plasma
      3MI concentrations six hours after dosing were between 2.25 and 7.23
      micrograms/ml. The steer with the highest six-hour plasma value died at this
      stage and the dominant pathological feature was severe pulmonary oedema. The
      other two steers survived until they were slaughtered 96 hours after dosing; the
      major pathological findings in them were interstitial emphysema, hyaline
      membranes and alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. The other eight steers (group C)
      each received weekly oral doses of 0.1 g 3MI/kg for 10 weeks. One animal died
      after developing severe respiratory distress following its third dose.
      Thereafter, the others developed two separate patterns of response. Three steers
      (subgroup C1) became progressively more tolerant to oral 3MI, even in the face of
      dose rates increased to 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg during the 11th to 14th weeks of the
      study and also in the presence of relatively high plasma 3MI concentrations after
      dosing. One animal was slaughtered after its 10th dose and two after their 14th
      dose of 3MI; post mortem examinations revealed that their lungs were macro- and
      microscopically normal. The other steers (subgroup C2) all continued to react
      after each weekly oral dose of 3MI and their post-dosing plasma 3MI
      concentrations consistently remained relatively low. Latterly, each of the three
      steers which survived to the 14th week also exhibited persistent tachypnoea and
      marked hyperpnoea between dosings. On post mortem examination, in addition to the
      signs generally associated with acute 3MI toxicity (see above), each of the
      subgroup C2 steers were found to have diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and an
      alveolitis. While certain cattle appear to become tolerant to the effects of
      repeated doses of 3MI, the results of this study clearly demonstrated that, in
      others, such treatment eventually gives rise to diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and
      alveolitis.

PMID- 6836187
TI  - Pulmonary hemodynamics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial
      pulmonary diseases.
AB  - 65 patients with interstitial lung diseases were subdivided into two groups:
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial pulmonary diseases
      (OIP) according to histopathological, immunological and follow-up findings.
      Arterial blood gases and pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and during steady-state
      exercise were compared in these two groups (IPF = 31 patients, OIP = 34
      patients). The resting PaO2 was significantly lower in the IPF group (p less than
      0.001) and regularly worsened during exercise in this group (from 69.6 +/- 11.6
      to 56.0 +/- 9.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) whereas it did not vary significantly
      in the OIP group (from 79.2 +/- 13.1 to 75.3 +/- 14.1 mm Hg, NS). Pulmonary
      artery mean pressure (PPA) was higher in the IPF group (p less than 0.001) as
      were all indices of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). During exercise, PPA
      markedly increased in the IPF group (from 21.7 +/- 7.8 to 45.3 +/- 16.2 mm Hg)
      but modestly in the OIP group (from 15.5 +/- 3.7 to 28.3 +/- 9.8 mm Hg). The best
      relationships were found between PPA, PVR and PaO2, which suggests that pulmonary
      arterial hypertension in these diseases is not only due to anatomical factors but
      also to alveolar and arterial hypoxia. Arterial blood gases and pulmonary
      hemodynamics at rest and during exercise may be of interest for the
      discrimination of 'true' interstitial fibrosis (IPF) from other interstitial lung
      diseases (OIP).

PMID- 6836188
TI  - Pulmonary involvement in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy following autoimmune
      disease.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman presented with a systemic illness characterized by a rash,
      polyarthritis and hypothyroidism. She later developed angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AIL) which became progressively resistant to chemotherapy.
      Pulmonary features were prominent throughout her illness and included pleural
      effusions, hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltrates. Lung histology showed a
      transition from nonspecific chronic inflammation with fibrosis to a polymorphic
      cellular infiltrate typical of AIL. Immunological features included a low C3
      level, hypogammaglobulinaemia and depressed cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 6836189
TI  - Dermatomyositis with lung involvement, successfully treated with azathioprine.

PMID- 6836190
TI  - Noninvasive treatment of pneumothorax with oxygen inhalation.
AB  - The treatment for pneumothorax varies from invasive chest tube drainage to
      conservative management with bed rest. Based on the behavior of gases in closed
      body cavities, the inhalation of supplemental oxygen hastens absorption of the
      pneumothorax. To evaluate oxygen as a therapeutic agent, we treated 8 patients
      with pneumothoraces of various degrees with a high concentration of inspired
      oxygen delivered by a partial rebreathing mask. Periodic roentgenograms were used
      to measure the change in size of pneumothorax in order to assess the rate of
      resolution. 6 patients with pneumothoraces of less than 30% showed a mean
      resolution rate of 4.2% per day with reduction to one-third original size in the
      first 72 h. This was more than three times the rate of resolution (1.25% per day)
      previously reported with breathing room air alone. In 2 patients who initially
      received a lower concentration of inspired oxygen via nasal cannula, the rate of
      absorption increased after placing them on a partial rebreathing mask. 2 patients
      with four episodes of pneumothoraces greater than 30% did not benefit from this
      form of therapy and eventually needed chest tube drainage. We conclude that the
      administration of high concentrations of inspired oxygen is an effective method
      to enhance the rate of resolution of pneumothoraces, particularly when smaller
      than 30%, thereby reducing morbidity and duration of hospitalization and avoiding
      invasive drainage procedures.

PMID- 6836191
TI  - Pleural-pulmonary aspects of Listeria monocytogenes infection.
AB  - The most common forms of Listeria monocytogenes infection in adults are
      meningitis-encephalitis and sepsis. Infection of the pulmonary parenchyma and
      pleura have rarely been reported. A case of listeria meningitis presenting with
      pleural space infection in an immunosuppressed patient is presented and a review
      of 5 additional patients with listeria infection of the respiratory tract is
      included. All 6 patients described in this report had L. monocytogenes infections
      presenting with respiratory tract symptomatology, although 4 patients
      subsequently had positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. It is emphasized
      that a culture report of 'diphtheroids' from a thoracentesis specimen should not
      be automatically dismissed as contamination, particularly in an immune
      compromised patient.

PMID- 6836192
TI  - Roentgenologically invisible mucormycosis pneumonia.

PMID- 6836193
TI  - Pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance as functions of respiratory
      frequency.
AB  - The behavior of pulmonary resistance (RL) and that of dynamic compliance (Cdyn)
      as functions of respiratory frequency (f) were compared in normal subjects and in
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although both RL and
      Cdyn varied with f in most COPD patients and in some normal subjects, Cdyn
      appeared to be more sensitive than RL to variations of frequency; no significant
      changes in RL could be demonstrated in subjects in whom Cdyn was frequency
      dependent. The degree of frequency dependence of Cdyn was correlated with the
      severity of respiratory impairment (as quantified by conventional pulmonary
      function tests); in contrast, RL was not detectably frequency dependent in some
      subjects with advanced COPD. Compared with Cdyn, RL was more commonly nonlinearly
      related to respiratory frequency, often increasing at high breathing rates. Our
      results indicate that changes in RL with frequency are less predictable and more
      difficult to detect than the corresponding changes in Cdyn.

PMID- 6836194
TI  - Site of airway obstruction after rapid saline infusion in healthy subjects.
AB  - Static and dynamic lung volumes, flow-volume curve in air and after He-O2 were
      carried out in 5 normal subjects baseline, immediately after rapid infusion of 2
      litres of normal saline, and then 15, 30 and 60 min after. At the end of the
      infusion, a marked reduction of delta MEF50, FVC, FEV1, MEF50, MEF25 and an
      increase of Viso V and CV/VC were observed in all the subjects. The poor response
      to He-O2 suggests a predominant increase of small airway resistance after rapid
      infusion. In the recovery phase, He-O2 tests promptly returned to control values,
      while an increased CV/VC was detectable until 30 min after the infusion.

PMID- 6836195
TI  - Instinctive resuscitation of the newborn rat.
AB  - Pregnant albino rats were observed during labour and delivery to determine
      whether they assist the newborn rat to breathe, and if so, in what way. The
      maternal rat actively resuscitates and assists the newborn. This appears to
      involve four distinct stages. (1) Cleaning of airways. Immediately after birth,
      the maternal rat holds the head of the newborn with both paws, cleans and sucks
      the nares and the mouth of the newborn. She then cuts the umbilical cord and eats
      the placenta. (2) Assistance. When necessary, she presses the pup's chest with
      one paw for a few seconds, licks the spine from caudal to cervical region, which
      causes extension of the body and expansion of the chest, or bites the tail, which
      makes the newborn squeak. (3) Rest. The newborn is then left alone for as long as
      20 min while the mother is delivering the rest of the litter. (4) Stimulation.
      This involves periodic pushing, rolling, licking, and biting of the newborn.
      Stillbirths are left alone and not attended. If pups are removed from their
      mother immediately after birth and prevented from being cleaned, they develop
      respiratory distress, with mouth breathing, gasping, chest retraction, and
      cyanosis. This model in nature emphasizes the importance of cleaning the upper
      airways of the newborn.

PMID- 6836196
TI  - Developmental aspects of the effect of naloxone on control of breathing in
      piglets.
AB  - The respiratory effects of a stereospecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, were
      studied in two groups of paralyzed and vagotomized piglets who were
      servoventilated on 100% oxygen. Phrenic neural activity was used as the index of
      respiratory output. In 7 piglets less than 10 days of age naloxone infusion
      caused phrenic minute output to increase 122 +/- 36% (P less than 0.01). This
      change was accounted for by a significant increase only in peak phrenic activity,
      the neural equivalent of tidal volume. Frequency did not change significantly. In
      7 piglets 20-34 days of age naloxone infusion caused phrenic minute output to
      increase 54 +/- 12% (P less than 0.025). Both peak phrenic activity and frequency
      were significantly increased. The increase in respiratory output observed in the
      younger piglets was significantly greater than that of the older piglets (P less
      than 0.05). These findings indicate that endogenous endorphins have a
      significant, though changing, role in control of breathing in the developing
      piglet.

PMID- 6836197
TI  - Consequences of an acute increase in P50 in anaesthetized guinea pigs.
AB  - In anaesthetized guinea pigs, ventilated with ambient air, the peripheral
      haemodynamics and oxygen transport characteristics have been studied following a
      blood exchange transfusion with rat erythrocytes suspended in guinea pig plasma.
      Since the rat haemoglobin exhibited a lower oxygen affinity than guinea pig
      haemoglobin, the oxygen partial pressure at 50% of oxygen haemoglobin saturation
      (P50) increased from 25.2 +/- 1.1 to 37.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg (n = 10). This increase
      in P50 was accompanied by a significant increase in arterial oxygen partial
      pressure (PaO2) and in arterio-venous difference (AVDO2). Cardiac output (Q) was
      decreased significantly, but oxygen consumption (VO2) remained within control
      values. The increase in P50 was associated with a venous oxygen partial pressure
      (P-VO2) which remained constant but an increase in blood lactate concentration
      was observed. Control exchange transfusion with fresh guinea pig blood had no
      effect on acid-base status, on oxygen transport, or on peripheral resistance. The
      sudden reduction in haemoglobin oxygen affinity induced an increase in peripheral
      resistance with a decrease in cardiac output, the arterial systemic pressure
      being maintained. These results suggested that an acute decrease in haemoglobin
      oxygen affinity was compensated for by a simultaneous diminution of overall
      tissue blood flow and reduction of capillary recruitment.

PMID- 6836198
TI  - Changes in the brain surface pH and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid acid-base
      variables in respiratory arrest.
AB  - Using flat-surface pH electrodes we continuously measured changes in the brain
      surface pH during respiratory arrest in anesthetized and paralyzed dogs which
      were previously ventilated with pure oxygen. Respiratory arrest was induced by
      halting the respirator. The mean arterial PO2 fell from 502.7 +/- 15.9 (1 SD) to
      23.7 +/- 18.5, and the mean arterial PCO2 rose from 36.4 +/- 3.5 to 80.4 +/- 7.1
      mm Hg, 10 min after asphyxia. The arterial blood pressure increased gradually
      over several minutes but fell relatively abruptly and profoundly at the end, due
      to circulatory failure. Initially, and as long as the arterial blood pressure
      and, therefore, cerebral blood flow were upheld (phase 1), changes in the brain
      surface pH were small (delta pH/delta t= -0.026 pH unit/min) in spite of severe
      hypercapnia. When cerebral perfusion pressure fell due to circulatory failure
      (phase 2), cerebral ischemia occurred and there was an abrupt fall in brain
      surface pH (delta pH/delta t= -0.067 pH unit/min). Changes in cisternal CSF [H+]
      grossly underestimated the magnitude of brain surface acidosis during the period
      of respiratory arrest; the initial difference between the mean brain surface
      fluid and cisternal CSF [H+] which was 8.9, rose to 15.1 and 47.4 nmol/L,
      respectively, 5 and 10 min after asphyxia. Changes in sagittal venous blood acid
      base variables were more pronounced than those observed in the arterial blood or
      cisternal CSF; 5 min after respiratory arrest, arterial and sagittal venous blood
      and cisternal CSF and brain surface pH were 7.20, 7.09, 7.19 and 7.11,
      respectively. We conclude that (1) in the course of respiratory arrest cerebral
      outcome can potentially be determined by circulatory failure as evidenced by
      simultaneous changes in the arterial blood pressure and brain surface pH; (2)
      cisternal CSF acid-base changes lag behind those on the brain surface and CSF
      analyses provide unreliable information about the severity of brain acid-base
      changes during asphyxia; (3) changes in cerebral venous blood acid-base variables
      best represent the severity of metabolic aberrations in the brain during
      respiratory arrest.

PMID- 6836199
TI  - Maximal static pressures in healthy children.
AB  - Maximal static pressures (Pmax) were measured at the mouth in 119 Caucasian
      school children aged 7-13 years. Lung volumes were determined by body
      plethysmography. Pressures were generated near RV, at FRC and near TLC. As in
      adults, inspiratory Pmax decreased with increasing lung volume, whereas
      expiratory Pmax increased. At all lung volumes expiratory and inspiratory Pmax
      increased with age and were greater in males than females. Net respiratory muscle
      force was derived from the product of pressure and surface area (SA) over which
      pressure was applied. SA was estimated at different lung volumes on the basis of
      chest wall measurements. The dimensions obtained were utilized to calculate the
      SA of a truncated cone. This model was shown to be appropriate at TLC and FRC,
      but not RV. Since both SA and Pmax increased with age, the derived forces, as
      compared with pressures, proportionally increased more with age. Thus changes in
      Pmax underestimated changes in force during growth.

PMID- 6836200
TI  - Airway closure and trapped gas during low volume breathing.
AB  - We used a plethysmographic technique to estimate the trapped gas volume (TGV) in
      seven normal subjects after breathing air or O2 normally at functional residual
      capacity (FRC-air, FRC-O2) and near residual volume (RV) with small breaths (LVB
      air, LVB-O2). If airway closure occurs, lung units subtended by closed airways
      would tend to collapse as TGV is absorbed; rapidly if the gas is O2 and slowly if
      it is air. Both inspiratory and expiratory quasi-static and static pressure
      volume curves after LVB-O2 for 180 sec demonstrated a shift to the right and
      increased hysteresis, reduced vital capacity (VC) and significantly increased
      transpulmonary pressures at 25% and 50% control VC (PL25, PL50) as compared with
      those of FRC-O2 controls (P less than 0.01-P less than 0.001). Three VC breaths
      reversed these changes which suggested that they were related to atelectasis. The
      absolute plethysmographic RV level decreased and was also restored after three VC
      breaths. We used this reproducible decrease in RV level to represent the absorbed
      TGV (delta TGV). The delta TGV after LVB-O2 (180 sec) was significantly greater
      than that after LVB-air (P less than 0.001) or FRC-O2 (P less than 0.001). There
      was a significant correlation between the increase of delta TGV (DTGV) and the
      increase of PL25 (delta PL25) (P less than 0.01). The delta TGV after FRC-O2 was
      128.6 +/- 50.3 ml (1.61 +/- 0.63% of TLC) and the maximal delta TGV after LVB-O2
      (180 sec) averaged 504.3 +/- 40.5 m (7.5 +/- 0.37% TLC). The significant increase
      in delta TGV near RV during O2 as compared to air breathing is best explained by
      reversible atelectasis and further supports the concept of dependent airway
      closure at low lung volumes.

PMID- 6836201
TI  - Tegmental neurons controlling medullary respiratory centre activity in the carp.
AB  - The dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum of the carp was explored for respiratory
      rhythmic neurons. The properties of two types of neurons which could be
      distinguished on the grounds of their firing pattern and their behaviour during
      paralysis and electrical stimulation were analysed. One group is involved in the
      control of a special type of respiration called bout-respiration and besides
      influences the frequency of the respiratory rhythm. The other group can modulate
      the output of the motor neurons of the cranial respiratory muscles via a multiple
      central route. HRP injections revealed extensive connections between these
      tegmental respiratory neurons and the respiratory centres in the medulla
      oblongata.

PMID- 6836202
TI  - [Hypercoagulability states].

PMID- 6836203
TI  - [Problems posed by the control of oral anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 6836205
TI  - [Monitoring fibrinolytic treatment].

PMID- 6836204
TI  - [Monitoring heparin therapy].

PMID- 6836206
TI  - [General mechanisms of coagulation].

PMID- 6836207
TI  - [Acquired hypocoagulabilities: recent data on liver diseases and renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6836208
TI  - [Diagnosis of prolonged fevers].

PMID- 6836209
TI  - [Neuro-urologic examinations].

PMID- 6836210
TI  - [Preocclusive stenosis syndrome of the internal carotid artery].

PMID- 6836211
TI  - [Pyogenic meningitis or tuberculous meningitis? Diagnostic difficulties].

PMID- 6836214
TI  - [Ureter bifidus with a blind side branch].

PMID- 6836213
TI  - [Persistent primitive trigeminal artery--contribution to the phenomenon of
      carotido-basilar anastomosis].

PMID- 6836215
TI  - [Left-side changes in thoracic follow-up studies after heart surgery].
AB  - In routine thoracic x-ray follow-ups after cardiosurgical procedures, 93.2% of
      our patients (n = 88) showed radiologically perceivable pathological changes,
      reduced ventilation being the most common phenomenon. 77.1% the the patients
      showed signs of reduced ventilation, mostly the left side. Limited motility of
      the diaphragm on the left side was visible in 69% of the cases studied. The
      defective motility of the left diaphragm is attributable to direct damage to the
      left nervus phrenicus caused by extracardial heart cooling during surgery.

PMID- 6836212
TI  - [Intestinal perforation in juvenile abdominal typhoid].
AB  - Eight of 19 children with typhus abdominalis who were between 4 and 12 years of
      age, showed perforation of the intestine. The terminal ileum was always the site
      of the perforation. Besides the clearly visualized air, meteorism of the small
      intestine was always seen. In individual cases, segments of the small intestine
      were seen in close proximity to each other, or an ileus developed. The x-ray film
      in typhus abdominalis in childhood shows the same signs as an adult x-ray. A
      characteristic feature of the perforation is its localization in the terminal
      ileum and the time at which it occurs, namely, between the end of the 2nd and the
      end of the 4th week of the diseased condition.

PMID- 6836216
TI  - [Radiation exposure during x-ray angiography].
AB  - During 73 cardiac angiographies and 10 angiograms of the abdomen and extremities,
      the x-ray doses were determined at the arm and forehead (eyes) of the
      radiologists and assistant staff. The results are discussed and compared with the
      recommendations of the ICRP and valid legislation. It is recommended to use an
      additional dosimeter at the forehead if higher frequencies are employed.

PMID- 6836217
TI  - [Meningoencephalocele as the cause of rhinogenic liquorrhea].
AB  - The article reports on a male patient of 72 years of age suffering from
      rhinoliquorrhoea caused by meningoencephalocele. This disease pattern is in
      itself very rare, but in the case presented here it assumes a highly unique
      character by the concomitant clinical picture, namely, a combination with
      mucocele of the frontal sinus and by the case history (rhinoliquorrhoea without
      trauma and without meningitis).

PMID- 6836218
TI  - [Spiral tomography with a narrow blurring angle. A valuable supplement to
      clinical routine].
AB  - Narrow-angle tomography with spiral blurring offers for the first time a
      possibility of combining the advantages of sonography with those of
      multidimensional tomography. This results not only in an improved image contrast
      of the tomographs, but also in an image which is largely free from interfering
      shadows. Hence, it is recommended to employ this method both for organs in the
      soft parts and, in particular, for exploring specific problems involved in
      diagnosis of the skeleton.

PMID- 6836219
TI  - Morphological classification of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. II. Comparison
      between Rappaport's classification and the Kiel classification.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 334 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 250 cases
      could be classified according to both Rappaport's classification and the Kiel
      classification. All patients initially in stage I had an excellent prognosis
      irrespective of histology, whereas patients in stages II, III and IV had a worse
      prognosis that did not significantly differ between stages. Rappaport's
      classification could separate stages II-IV into 2 different prognostic groups,
      one favourable and one unfavourable group. According to the Kiel classification,
      3 prognostic groups - favourable, intermediate and unfavourable - were found. The
      survival rate for favourable Rappaport fell in between favourable-Kiel and
      intermediate-Kiel. Both subgroups within favourable-Rappaport (nodular lymphomas
      and diffuse well differentiated lymphomas) could actually be subdivided by the
      Kiel classification into one group with a more truly favourable behaviour and one
      with an intermediate behaviour. The extent of follicularity among nodular
      lymphomas and the presence of plasmacytoid differentiation among the small
      lymphocytic lymphomas were found to be of prognostic importance. In conclusion,
      we found that the Kiel classification separated the more indolent lymphomas
      better than Rappaport's classification. No preference was found concerning the
      high grade lymphomas.

PMID- 6836220
TI  - Cold haemagglutinin disease with severe anaemia, reticulocytopenia and erythroid
      bone marrow.
AB  - A quantitative assessment of total, effective and ineffective erythropoiesis, and
      mean red cell life-span was performed in 2 patients with idiopathic cold
      haemagglutinin disease (CHAD) who had severe anaemia, reticulocytopenia and
      erythroid bone marrow. In both cases, ineffective erythropoiesis represented the
      major factor in the pathogenesis of the anaemia. The most likely explanation of
      this was that cold antibodies had some effect on the maturing red-cell
      precursors. Ineffective erythropoiesis has already been shown in patients
      affected by auto-immune haemolytic anaemia due to warm antibodies with
      reticulocytopenia and erythroid bone marrow. Therefore, it is apparent that both
      warm and cold antibodies may cause not only peripheral destruction of mature red
      cells but also intramedullary death of red-cell precursors.

PMID- 6836221
TI  - Blastic phase of myeloproliferative syndrome coexisting with a malignant
      teratoma.
AB  - A myeloproliferative condition in blastic phase is described in an 18-year-old
      male who was also found to have a mediastinal malignant teratoma. Myeloid
      metaplasia was found in the lymph nodes and spleen, and an infiltration of
      granulocytic blast cells was observed in the bone marrow and the lymph nodes.
      Aneuploidy with an extra chromosome (trisomy 8) was present in bone marrow cells.
      To our knowledge the combination of a myeloproliferative disorder and a malignant
      teratoma has not been earlier described.

PMID- 6836222
TI  - Nuclear clefts in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. A light microscopic and
      ultrastructural study of a new prognostic parameter.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 48 consecutive, newly diagnosed CLL patients
      were examined by light- and electron-microscopy for the presence of nuclear
      cleaving or folding. On this basis, the patients could be subdivided into 2
      easily separable morphological groups. In 42 patients the lymphocytes had regular
      round nuclei. In 6 patients (13%) the lymphocytes of peripheral blood had a
      highly irregular nuclear outline characterized by pronounced cleaving or folding
      of the nuclear membrane. In 4 of these 6 patients immunological investigations
      demonstrated membrane markers consistent with B-cell monoclonality. Age, sex,
      distribution between stages as well as mode of clinical presentation were all
      alike in the 2 groups of patients. In spite of this a statistically significant,
      highly increased mortality was observed in patients with lymphocyte nuclear
      irregularities. Thus, 50% of all deaths occurred in this small group of patients.
      These findings indicate that lymphocyte nuclear cleaving or folding represents a
      stage-independent prognostic parameter, which permits selection of a small but
      easily identified high-risk group of patients.

PMID- 6836223
TI  - Cell marker studies in patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
AB  - Cell marker analysis including mouse red cell rosetting ability was carried out
      on 24 newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Using a
      technique not employing neuraminidase a significant difference in mouse red cell
      rosetting ability was noted between male and female patients. It is well accepted
      that females often have a milder form of disease and better longterm survival
      than it is suggested this might be a reflection of the difference found in mouse
      red cell rosetting ability between the sexes in this condition.

PMID- 6836224
TI  - Influence of the spleen on the distribution of blood neutrophils. Quantitative
      studies in the rat.
AB  - The influence of the spleen on the distribution of blood neutrophils was studied
      in rats with varying spleen sizes following transfusion of isologous 3H-dT
      labelled neutrophils. The weight of the spleen correlated with the splenic
      neutrophil pool (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01). Alterations in spleen size did not
      significantly change the total blood neutrophil pool, but with increasing
      splenomegaly circulating and marginal neutrophils were shifted into the splenic
      pool. With massive splenomegaly, up to 50% of the total blood neutrophils were
      trapped in the spleen. These findings suggest splenic pooling of neutrophils and
      a shift of circulating and marginal neutrophils into the spleen proportionate to
      the splenic tissue present.

PMID- 6836225
TI  - In vitro clonogenic assays in selective neutropenia.
AB  - Granulocyte-monocyte colony forming cell (GM-CFC) concentration and the
      proportion of GM-CFC in DNA synthesis (S) were determined in 43 patients with
      varying degrees of selective neutropenia, including 5 patients who were normal
      extremes (2.0-2.5 x 10(9) neutrophils/1), to study the diagnostic and prognostic
      significance of clonogenic assays and to determine the response of the committed
      myeloid stem cell to neutropenia. The proportion of GM-CFC in S proved to be a
      more useful parameter than the GM-CFC concentration. 75% of the patients with
      greater than 60% GM-CFC in S returned to normal within 1 month. Patients with
      less than 20% GM-CFC in S had at least a 10 times greater incidence of developing
      a malignant or autoimmune disease than the other 28 patients. The 11 patients
      with 41-51% in GM-CFC in S had greater than 1 x 10(9) neutrophils/1 and no
      significant clinical problems but all have remained mildly neutropenic for a long
      period. An indirect relationship existed between the degree of neutropenia and
      the proportion of GM-CFC in S (r = -0.70).

PMID- 6836226
TI  - Folic acid deficiency in beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes.
AB  - Plasma and red cell folate mean contents have been found to be significantly
      lower in 41 symptom-free beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes than in 21 controls.
      Such decreases must be considered as effects of an increased folate utilization
      caused by the enhanced total, both effective and ineffective, erythropoiesis.
      Since no close correlation has been found between packed cell volume and plasma
      or red blood cell folate levels, it seems that in 'healthy' beta-thalassaemia
      subjects, the degree of anaemia is not influenced by folate body reserves.
      However, the frequent finding of reduced red cell folate contents suggests that
      further folate imbalance might lead to clinically significant degrees of folate
      deficiency.

PMID- 6836227
TI  - Haematopoietic progenitors in essential thrombocythaemia.
AB  - Colony formation by haematopoietic progenitors from the bone marrow and blood of
      4 patients with essential thrombocythaemia was studied in vitro using the methyl
      cellulose assay. 3 patients had clearly elevated numbers of BFU-E in bone marrow.
      1 patient also had markedly increased numbers of CFU-E and CFU-GM, whereas the
      other patients had only marginally increased or normal numbers of these
      progenitors in the marrow. 3 patients showed markedly increased numbers of all
      progenitors in peripheral blood. All 4 patients showed spontaneous erythroid
      colony formation by progenitors from the bone marrow and 2 had spontaneous colony
      formation by progenitors from the blood. We conclude that essential
      thrombocythaemia shows abnormal colony formation in line with other
      myeloproliferative syndromes.

PMID- 6836228
TI  - Fetal thymidine kinase (TK1) in hairy cell leukaemia.
AB  - The thymidine kinase isoenzyme profile was determined in peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells and splenic tissue from 4 patients with hairy cell leukaemia,
      in order to assess the proliferative state of the hairy cell. The predominance of
      TK1 activity in all 4 spleens and in 2 out of 3 peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells examined, indicates that the hairy cell has significant proliferative
      capacity when compared to the neoplastic cell in other chronic
      lymphoproliferative disorders. It is suggested, in view of the heterogeneity in
      peripheral blood mononuclear TK isoenzyme types, that more extensive studies are
      warranted to examine the relationship between peripheral blood mononuclear TK1
      activity and the occurrence of progressive disease in post-splenectomy patients.

PMID- 6836229
TI  - Lung transit of 111Indium-labelled granulocytes. Relationship to labelling
      techniques.
AB  - The early in vivo distribution of 111Indium-labelled granulocytes, recorded by
      dynamic imaging using a gamma camara and computer, varied according to the
      separation and labelling technique. Following i.v. bolus injection, 4 kinetic
      patterns could be identified: (A) rapid transit through the pulmonary
      vasculature, (B) delayed transit through the lung with clearance by about 30 min,
      (C) complete retention by the lung, for up to 10 min, followed by slow release
      over a period of 1 to 2 h, (D) delayed transit through the lung with a similar
      time course to (B) but with subsequent heavy liver uptake. Granulocytes labelled
      with 111In-tropolonate and maintained in plasma throughout the labelling
      procedure, whether injected as a 'pure' (separated by plasma-enriched density
      gradient centrifugation) or 'crude' (separated by differential centrifugation)
      preparation, displayed type A kinetics, thought to most closely represent the
      normal behaviour of granulocytes. 'Crude' cells labelled in saline with 111In
      acetylacetonate displayed type B kinetics. 'Pure' cells isolated on Percoll
      saline and labelled in saline with 111In-acetylacetonate displayed type C
      kinetics, thought to represent granulocyte 'stimulation' and/or damage, or type D
      kinetics, thought to represent severe damage. The importance is stressed of
      labelling granulocytes for kinetic studies with a technique that results in
      minimal alteration of cell behaviour.

PMID- 6836230
TI  - Transition of myelofibrosis to polycythaemia vera.
AB  - A case of typical myelofibrosis with a huge spleen is described in a 62-year old
      man. During the subsequent 2-year follow-up, a clinical picture of polycythaemia
      vera with pancytosis and disappearance of the marrow fibrosis was observed. The
      pancytosis necessitated treatment with busulphan and frequent phlebotomies. The
      transformation was associated with prednisone treatment for a suspected
      haemolytic state. During this treatment, the spleen no longer became enlarged on
      clinical palpation, although it was still enlarged at post mortem examination,
      but much less than 2 years earlier.

PMID- 6836231
TI  - Hereditary factor VII deficiency in a Chinese family.
AB  - Hereditary deficiency of factor VII is demonstrated in a Chinese family. The
      proposita was a 32-year-old female with bleeding diathesis consisting of
      spontaneous ecchymosis, menorrhagia and recurrent haemarthrosis. The prothrombin
      time was prolonged and the prothrombin and proconvertin test was 10% of normal.
      The activated partial thromboplastin time and the Stypven-cephalin clotting time
      were normal. The prolonged prothrombin time could be corrected by the addition of
      normal serum, but not by adsorbed normal or coumadin plasma. The factor VII level
      was 3.6% of normal. One of her brothers had bleeding symptoms and died at age 25,
      suggesting that factor VII deficiency might have been present. 13 of her family
      members had partial deficiency of factor VII with plasma levels ranging from 24
      to 50%. These results suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance with a
      homozygous state occurring in the proposita and possibly in her brother, and a
      heterozygous state occurring in 13 of her family members. Our study marks an
      extensive survey of factor VII deficiency in an Oriental family.

PMID- 6836232
TI  - Quantitation and estimation of cooperation between target-binding sites in
      natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by use of a
      mathematical transformation. Influence of interferon.
AB  - We have studied the use of a mathematical transformation, the Hill
      transformation, in natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as a
      function of effector cell concentration. It can be concluded that when adherent
      cells are removed from the effector cell suspension, cooperation between binding
      sites for effector cells on the target cell changes from negative to zero. After
      stimulation of nonadherent cells with alpha-interferon, the binding sites still
      remain noninteracting. This is the case both in natural and in antibody-dependent
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity experiments. The Hill transformation seems to be an
      easy and easily reproducible way of quantitating cytotoxicity.

PMID- 6836233
TI  - Treatment of finger joints with local steroids. A double-blind study.
AB  - The study was performed in 24 patients all having rheumatoid arthritis affecting
      the finger joints. Randomly, and in a double-blind fashion, the inflamed
      interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of one hand were injected
      with either triamcinolone hexacetoide (TH) or methylprednisolone (MP) and those
      of the other hand vice versa. A total of 120 affected swollen finger joints were
      injected--59 joints with TH and 61 with MP. The duration of effect and the
      possible side effects were followed up for a period of 6 months. All injections
      produced clinically significant effects. There were no significant differences
      between the two treatment groups at the start of the treatment, but after 6
      months the results in the TH group were significantly better. However, there were
      also more joints with skin and soft tissue atrophy in this group than in the MP
      group.

PMID- 6836234
TI  - Rupture of the popliteal cyst in gout. Case report.

PMID- 6836237
TI  - The mortality and causes of death of patients with "hypergamma type" of
      ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - The mortality and causes of death of 64 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
      were investigated. The mean follow-up time was 30 years. Eighteen patients had
      hypergammaglobulinaemia (serum gammaglobulin level less than 23.6 milligrams). A
      total of 36 deaths occurred during the follow-up time, 13 in the
      hypergammaglobulinaemia group and 23 in the control group. Six patients in the
      hypergammaglobulinaemia group and three in the control group died from uraemia
      caused by renal amyloidosis. The difference was statistically significant (p less
      than 0.01). It seems that hypergammaglobulinaemia may be a bad prognostic sign,
      at least when possible renal amyloidosis and uraemia are concerned.

PMID- 6836235
TI  - Soft tissue release of the hip in juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - Adductor and/or subspinal tenotomies were performed on 17 patients (25 hips) with
      longstanding juvenile chronic arthritis and hip disability. The flexion
      contracture decreased after surgery from 28 to 18 degrees but had increased to
      the preoperative level by an average follow-up time of 48 months. The adductor
      contractures followed the same pattern. All but 3 of the patients were
      dissatisfied with the relatively small gain and the short-lasting effect of the
      operation. Knee contractures and insufficient release are probably some of the
      reasons for the poor results. A more extensive release is recommended and in the
      case of hip pain combined with synovectomy.

PMID- 6836238
TI  - Prognosis of inflammatory joint diseases. A three-year follow-up study.
AB  - The prognosis 3 years after the onset of the disease was studied in 107 patients
      with definite rheumatoid arthritis, 161 with probable RA or non-specific
      arthritis, 84 with either ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease or reactive
      arthritis, 14 with psoriatic arthritis and 10 with a systemic connective tissue
      disease. Prognosis was measured by clinical involvement of joints, radiological
      erosions in joints, deterioration in joint function, ESR, and working ability. A
      total of 44% of all patients were symptomless after 3 years. The prognosis was
      best in patients with an "HLA B 27-associated" disease and non-specific
      arthritis, and worst in RA. Two patients died during the follow-up of systemic
      connective tissue disease and one committed suicide with an overdose of
      hydroxychloroquine. Two HLA B27-positive patients developed systemic amyloidosis.

PMID- 6836236
TI  - Antibodies to measles virus in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - IgG antibodies to measles virus were measured by a solid-phase radio-immunoassay
      in serum specimens from 31 patients with confirmed ankylosing spondylitis (AS),
      from 8 patients with symptoms and signs resembling AS and from 39 patients
      hospitalized for various non-rheumatological disorders. The patients with AS and
      without iritis/uveitis had a 4-fold increased amount of measles antibodies in
      their serum specimens compared with the control patients (p less than 0.01). The
      AS patients with iritis and the patients with symptoms and signs resembling AS
      were, in this respect, similar to the control patients.

PMID- 6836241
TI  - 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis seen after 30 years of disease.
AB  - Seventy-six patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis at the Rheumatism
      Foundation Hospital during the 1950s were re-examined. The mean duration of the
      disease was 30.5 years. The main interest was in the clinical and radiological
      progression of the disease, functional and working ability and the number of
      complications and their severity. The results seem to show that the long-term
      prognosis for AS is good, on average. A detailed description of the results is
      presented.

PMID- 6836239
TI  - Bioflavonoid-mediated stabilization of collagen in adjuvant-induced arthritis.
AB  - In rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis, the effect of (+)-catechin (CA) and 0
      (beta-hydroxyethyl) rutosides (HR) on the crosslinking of collagen was studied.
      Compared with controls the arthritic group showed an increase in the
      reversibility of neutral salt-soluble collagen gel, solubility of acid-insoluble
      collagen to denaturing agents and the ratio of alpha/beta subunits of neutral
      salt-soluble collagen. These results suggest an impaired maturation of collagen
      in arthritic animals. Administration of CA or HR to the arthritic animals caused
      a decrease in the reversibility of collagen gel and in the solubility of acid
      insoluble collagen to denaturing agents and to pronase. In addition, the
      electrophoretic patterns of neutral salt-soluble collagen on SDS polyacrylamide
      gels also showed a decrease in the alpha/beta ratio. All these results may
      collectively indicate that both flavonoids promote the crosslinking of collagen
      in arthritic animals.

PMID- 6836240
TI  - The value of the diagnostic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The ARA and the New York diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were
      studied in 411 patients with a recent inflammatory joint disease (100 with RA,
      311 with other disease) in order to evaluate their value in distinguishing
      progressive rheumatoid arthritis from other joint diseases. Rheumatoid factor,
      symmetrical polyarthritis, morning stiffness, and X-ray changes were of the
      greatest value in diagnosing RA in the early stage of the disease. Other
      diagnostic criteria had either a poor specificity or sensitivity, and were thus
      of less importance as discriminators.

PMID- 6836242
TI  - Significance of CRP elevation in SLE.

PMID- 6836243
TI  - [Uremic arteriopathy and ischemic skin changes].
AB  - The syndrome of uremic arteriopathy with ischemic skin manifestations--livedo
      reticularis, skin infarction and ulcerative necrosis--is described in a series of
      6 patients. In all patients (3 female and 3 male, age 53-73 years) the syndrome
      occurred after slowly progressive renal failure and in 5 cases during temporary
      exacerbation of chronic renal failure and after alkalinizing treatment for marked
      metabolic acidosis. All patients had evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
      In 4 the Ca X P product was in excess of 4.90, but only once above the critical
      product of 5.60 (greater than 70 when conventional units are used). Diagnosis was
      based on the clinical appearance of the skin involvement and the finding of
      vascular calcifications (x-ray and skin biopsy). The secondary
      hyperparathyroidism appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the
      syndrome. An increase in plasma phosphate or Ca X P product, calciphylaxis and/or
      alkalinizing therapy may release the precipitation of calcium salts in the
      interstitium or in the vessel walls. Therapy is confined to decreasing plasma
      phosphate and therewith the Ca X P product by means of phosphate binders or a
      diet low in phosphate. The unpredictable, often rapid success of
      parathyroidectomy awaits further clarification.

PMID- 6836245
TI  - [Abdominal splenosis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Splenosis, an auto-transplantation of splenic tissue after splenic trauma, is an
      uncommon condition of which there are relatively few published cases in the
      literature. We report a case of abdominal splenosis found at autopsy, briefly
      review the literature, and discuss some of the clinico-pathologic events which
      may occur in such conditions. Splenosis is an entity of which physicians and
      surgeons alike should be aware.

PMID- 6836246
TI  - [Therapy and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a cerebral
      aneurysm].
AB  - The morbidity and mortality in 100 consecutive patients, almost all admitted
      within one week after a proven subarachnoid hemorrhage, were investigated in a
      prospective study. An aneurysm was demonstrated by angiography or autopsy in 76
      patients, while in 24 patients the cerebral panangiography was normal. 13.1% of
      the patients with a proven aneurysm died within 48 hours of the hemorrhage as a
      consequence of a massive initial bleeding, 23.6% died from preoperative
      rebleeding or brain infarcts due to cerebral vascular spasms, 2.6% from direct
      operative complications and 2.6% from brain infarcts due to postoperative
      cerebral vascular spasms. The total case mortality was 41.9%. This high mortality
      was due to massive initial hemorrhage, early rebleedings and in particular to pre
      and postoperative brain infarcts due to cerebral vascular spasms. The prognosis
      can only be improved significantly by early diagnosis and admission and effective
      prophylaxis and therapy of the vasospasm, but not by further perfecting of
      surgical technique.

PMID- 6836244
TI  - [Pollinosis. III. The pollen calendar of Zurich with the allergologically most
      important kinds of pollen. The International Study Group on Applied Air Pollution
      Research].

PMID- 6836247
TI  - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm in the patient over 70--surgery in any case?].
AB  - During 1980 and 1981, 36 patients aged 70 years or older were operated on for
      abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aneurysm was already ruptured in almost half of
      the patients. Eight patients died early (22%), of whom 7 were operated on because
      of perforation. Main cause of early death was cardiac failure (5). During an
      average observation period of 12 months, 4 patients died late and 4 claimed
      unsatisfactory recovery. All patients over 70 years of age with abdominal aortic
      aneurysm should be investigated with respect to operability. The risk in elective
      surgery is low and the postoperative prognosis for these patients is good.
      Surgery for ruptured aneurysm still carries high operative mortality in this age
      group and a poor longterm prognosis.

PMID- 6836248
TI  - [Fibrocystic disease of the breast: a precancerous condition?].

PMID- 6836249
TI  - [X chromosome-linked mental retardation with fragile X chromosome and macro
      orchidism].
AB  - Description of the first Swiss family with the new syndrome of X-linked mental
      retardation. The three brothers described are the first of all males traced back
      for four generations to be affected. In two of the brothers macroorchidism and
      the fragile X-chromosome were demonstrated, while the third brother died before
      diagnosis. As expected, the fragile X was not demonstrable in the 75-year-old
      mother of the three brothers.

PMID- 6836251
TI  - [Campylobacter fetus bacteremia].
AB  - Five cases of Campylobacter fetus bacteremia are reported. This germ, found in
      blood cultures, induces high fever and is accompanied by either gastroenteritis
      with colitis or thrombophlebitis. Other, but much rarer septic sites are the
      meninges and endocardium. Patients already debilitated by chronic disease are
      more susceptible to bacteremia with Campylobacter fetus, which worsens the
      prognosis of the infection. Although non-debilitated patients can contract this
      infection, the prognosis here is more favourable. Antibiotic treatment is
      indicated in all cases. Campylobacter fetus bacteremias are rare and their
      pathogenesis still little understood. This "microaerophil" germ does not survive
      in air which makes culturing difficult under ordinary conditions. On the other
      hand, Campylobacter jejuni induces gastrocolitis with spontaneous recovery. It is
      found in feces and thrives in contaminated water and milk.

PMID- 6836250
TI  - [Contribution to the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni. From asymptomatic
      excretion by a cow in the cowshed to overt disease in over 500 persons].
AB  - An outbreak of C. jejuni enteritis involving participants of a jogging rally is
      described. Information was obtained by questionnaire about food consumption,
      incubation period, duration of illness and symptomatology. A drink prepared with
      raw milk was incriminated as vehicle of the outbreak. More than 500 runners were
      symptomatic with an attack rate of over 75%. Secondary cases were rare. Using
      serotyping, milk from a single cow fecally excreting C. jejuni type 2 was
      suspected to be the outbreak vehicle.

PMID- 6836252
TI  - [Epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in the prison environment].
AB  - Despite the decline in pulmonary tuberculosis in industrial countries since the
      beginning of the century, screening remains important, particularly in population
      groups at special risk such as jail inmates. A 1-year prospective study in 865
      prisoners in Geneva shows that the prevalence of active and residual tuberculosis
      is five to ten times higher than in the general population. The reasons for this
      high prevalence are low socio-economic status and lack of a regular job or fixed
      residence for many prisoners. These facts illustrate the importance of
      introducing systematic diagnosis and, if necessary, rapid therapeutic measures in
      jails, with the triple purpose of contributing to the fight against tuberculosis
      among prisoners, prison staff and the population as a whole.

PMID- 6836254
TI  - [Noninvasive determination of pressure gradient in aortic stenosis with Doppler
      ultrasound].

PMID- 6836253
TI  - [Occupational allergic asthma due to pectinase, a pectolytic enzyme].

PMID- 6836255
TI  - [Evaluation of "blitz" therapy in staphylococcal and streptococcal mastitis
      during lactation].

PMID- 6836257
TI  - Dart-poison frogs.

PMID- 6836256
TI  - [Significance of load electrocardiography in the horse].

PMID- 6836259
TI  - Drug treatment in psychiatry. A generation of progress?

PMID- 6836258
TI  - Hidden visual processes.
AB  - Isoluminant stimulus is an image whose edges are defined only by a change in
      color, not by change in brightness. The stimulus here is imperfect: the blue
      parts and the green parts of the image are only as nearly equal in brightness as
      they can be on the printed page. Moreover, the change in brightness beyond the
      edge of the page is apparent, and so is the fact that the reader is holding the
      magazine at reading distance. When such cues are removed under laboratory
      conditions, subjects faced with an isoluminant stimulus prove unable to bring its
      edges into focus. This deficiency contributes to making a familiar face hard to
      recognize. The experiment indicates that the brain process underlying visual
      accommodation (the focusing of the eyes) cannot "see" color; it is a hidden
      process distinct from the processes that lead to perception. The image shows
      Groucho Marx as he appeared in the motion picture Horse Feathers.

PMID- 6836260
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease and thyroid status.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 76 patients with rheumatic heart disease revealed
      nine with thyrotoxicosis, three with hypothyroidism and seven with normal thyroid
      function and circulating thyroid antibodies. This suggests that there may be an
      association between rheumatic heart disease and thyroid dysfunction. The findings
      emphasize the need to formally exclude hyperthyroidism in patients with atrial
      fibrillation whatever the apparent cause. They also imply a possible autoimmune
      factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease and suggest that patients
      with rheumatic heart disease may develop clinical or sub-clinical thyroid
      disease.

PMID- 6836261
TI  - Pulsed Doppler imaging for carotid artery disease.
AB  - Ultrasonic imaging using a six-channel pulsed Doppler system combined with
      Doppler spectral analysis of 65 carotid bifurcations has been studied in a
      prospective clinical trial. The results were compared with X-ray contrast
      angiography. An overall sensitivity in excess of 90 per cent was achieved using
      the ultrasound technique, with a specificity of 89 per cent in the detection of
      significant stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The ability to
      recognise significant arterial stenosis with a non-invasive system suggests that
      it has a major part to play in screening patients with suspected carotid artery
      disease.

PMID- 6836262
TI  - Acute hepatitis a in West Scotland in 1981. A change in pattern.
AB  - In 1981, 151 cases of laboratory confirmed Hepatitis A infection were diagnosed
      in West Scotland, an increase of more than three-fold over both 1979 and 1980.
      The majority (54%) were in children under 15 years of age, case numbers then
      declining with age, apart from a rise in numbers in the 21-30 age group. Almost
      all children infected were Scottish children. Significant numbers were associated
      with contact with a known case (25%) or travel abroad (16%). Few cases were
      diagnosed in the first five months of the year. This upsurge in laboratory
      diagnosed cases was associated with an increase in notifications of viral
      hepatitis to the Registrar General for Scotland for the first time in 10 years.

PMID- 6836263
TI  - Colposcopy in the management of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 6836264
TI  - Bone and joint tuberculosis in Glasgow: the present situation.
AB  - A retrospective survey of bone and joint tuberculosis in the City of Glasgow over
      the decade 1966-75 has been carried out. Its object is to chart the changing
      pattern of clinical presentation of this disease, and details of 129 patients are
      presented. The numbers of children and adolescents are relatively low: Asian
      immigrants and the elderly are now the higher risk groups. A positive culture was
      obtained from 60 per cent of the bone and joint lesions and in every case the
      organism was human Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis complicating a closed
      fracture is a very rare occurrence; this series includes one further such case.
      Delay in diagnosis was evident in a significant number (11%) of patients. We must
      bear in mind the fact that we still have with us not only the great Victorian
      architecture, but also the great Victorian disease.

PMID- 6836265
TI  - Neurosyphilis revisited. A contemporary wolf in sheep's clothing?
AB  - Neurosyphilis has become an uncommon clinical problem, for primary and secondary
      infections are usually recognised and treated early and successfully. However,
      patients occasionally receive no treatment for their acute infections--usually
      because they fail to seek advice--or may receive inadequate therapy when
      prescribed oral penicillin for other infections. The natural course of the
      disease is thus influenced, but the syphilis is not cured. Variegated clinical
      presentations of late disease arise and may make objective diagnosis difficult,
      especially when this occurs in a clinical setting where neurosyphilis may not be
      entertained in the initial diagnostic deliberations. Details of three such
      patients, seen during the last five years in the Aberdeen hospitals, are
      described--and highlight the range and diversity of clinical presentations which
      may occur, and typify the problem of making a firm diagnosis while the condition
      is still potentially curable.

PMID- 6836266
TI  - Masquerading mesothelioma: a diagnostic problem. A case report and short review
      of diagnostic techniques and therapy.

PMID- 6836267
TI  - Colonic rupture after blunt trauma.

PMID- 6836268
TI  - Preventing cardiovascular disease for the nineties: practical policies for the
      present.

PMID- 6836269
TI  - Rewarming from immersion hypothermia: reduction of afterdrop.

PMID- 6836270
TI  - A case of pyrexia of unknown origin.

PMID- 6836272
TI  - New clue to the cause of toxic shock.

PMID- 6836271
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6836274
TI  - Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete.
AB  - Spirochetes believed to be the cause of Lyme disease were isolated from white
      footed mice and white-tailed deer, the preferred natural hosts of Ixodes dammini,
      the tick vector. Evidence suggests that deer act as a reservoir of the disease
      and provide an overwintering mechanism for both spirochetes and adult ticks. Some
      tick larvae may acquire the spirochete by transovarial passage and the nymphal
      stage may transmit the disease to humans.

PMID- 6836273
TI  - Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation.
AB  - Glucose given to the newborn human may result in hyperglycemia, suggesting that
      its utilization is impaired at this developmental stage. Galactose is thought to
      be a more appropriate carbohydrate source for the newborn. The enzymes involved
      in hexose phosphorylation may, in part, be responsible for these observations. A
      key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose assimilation, glucokinase, is diminished
      in newborns compared to adults, whereas galactokinase activity is increased. When
      newborn dogs were fasted and then fed either glucose or galactose, their plasma
      insulin responses to glucose were similar, but the pups fed galactose
      demonstrated an attenuated systemic appearance rate of glucose. Hexose
      incorporation into hepatic glycogen and net glycogen synthesis was augmented in
      the galactose-fed dogs. In vitro, liver from neonatal dogs showed enhanced
      galactokinase activity relative to that for hexokinase or glucokinase. Neonatal
      hexose assimilation may be independent of insulin action and, instead, be related
      to the developmental presence of hexose phosphorylating enzymes.

PMID- 6836275
TI  - Digoxin-inactivating bacteria: identification in human gut flora.
AB  - Digoxin, the most widely used cardiac glycoside, undergoes significant metabolic
      conversion in many patients to cardioinactive metabolites in which the lactone
      ring is reduced. This appears to occur within the gastrointestinal tract. An
      attempt was made to isolate and identify the organisms capable of reducing
      digoxin from stool cultures obtained from human volunteers. Of hundreds of
      isolates studied, only Eubacterium lentum, a common anaerobe of the human colonic
      flora, converted digoxin to reduced derivatives. Such organisms were also
      isolated in high concentrations from the stools of individuals who did not
      excrete these metabolites when given digoxin in vivo. When the growth of E.
      lentum was stimulated by arginine, inactivation of digoxin was inhibited. Neither
      the presence of these organisms alone nor their concentration within the gut
      flora appeared to determine whether digoxin would be inactivated by this pathway
      in vivo.

PMID- 6836276
TI  - Visual sustained attention: image degradation produces rapid sensitivity
      decrement over time.
AB  - Perceptual sensitivity to a visual target presented in a random continuous
      sequence of targets and nontargets decreased rapidly over time when stimuli were
      highly degraded visually but not when moderately degraded or undegraded. Large
      declines in sensitivity, independent of changes in response criterion, were found
      after only 5 minutes of observation. These rapid decrements of sensitivity to
      degraded targets seem to result from demands on the limited capacity of visual
      attention.

PMID- 6836277
TI  - Altered activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to classical conditioning
      than removing the structure.
AB  - Hippocampal ablation has no effect on the acquisition of the rabbit's classically
      conditioned nictitating membrane response. Systemic administration of
      scopolamine, which alters hippocampal neuronal activity, severely retards
      acquisition of the conditioned response in normal animals and those with cortical
      ablations. In animals with hippocampal ablations, however, scopolamine has no
      effect on conditioning. These findings suggest that altered neuronal activity in
      the hippocampus is more detrimental to conditioning than removing the structure.

PMID- 6836278
TI  - Alcohol-induced spasms of cerebral blood vessels: relation to cerebrovascular
      accidents and sudden death.
AB  - Ethyl alcohol produced graded contractile responses in rat cerebral arterioles
      and venules in vivo and in isolated canine basilar and middle cerebral arteries
      at a concentration range (10 to 500 milligrams per deciliter) which parallels
      that needed for its graded effects of euphoria, mental haziness, muscular
      incoordination, stupor, and coma in humans. Two specific calcium antagonists,
      nimodipine and verapamil, prevented or reversed the alcohol-induced
      cerebrovasospasm and thus may prove valuable in treating the hypertension and
      stroke observed in heavy users of alcohol.

PMID- 6836280
TI  - Prescription drug ads put FDA on the spot.

PMID- 6836279
TI  - The nature of technological hazard.
AB  - Technological hazards are evaluated in terms of quantitatively expressed
      physical, biological, and social descriptors. For each hazard a profile is
      constructed that considerably extends the conventional definition of risk. The
      profile, which is termed hazardousness, was understood in pilot experiments on
      perception and appeared to capture a large fraction of lay people's concern with
      hazard. It also suggests an orderly method for establishing priorities for the
      management of hazards.

PMID- 6836281
TI  - Scientists settle cell line dispute.

PMID- 6836282
TI  - Synthesizing the opioid peptides.

PMID- 6836283
TI  - Desickling of sickled erythrocytes by pulsed radio-frequency field.
AB  - Electric fields were found to deform sickled erythrocytes. When the intensity of
      applied fields exceeded a threshold value, sickled erythrocytes transformed into
      a spherical shape. Prolonged application of the field usually caused hemolysis of
      erythrocytes. Deformation of red blood cells could be partly reversed if the
      field was turned off at an early stage. The cause of desickling may be the
      interaction of the field with the erythrocyte membrane and also with gelled
      intracellular hemoglobin S molecules.

PMID- 6836284
TI  - Primary murine bone marrow cultures support continuous growth of infectious human
      trypanosomes.
AB  - The human parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense grew continuously at 37 degrees C
      in primary cultures of murine bone marrow. Cultured parasites remained virulent
      for mice. Rapid parasite growth coincided with the appearance of adherent
      adipocyte-epitheloid cell aggregates that also promoted hematopoiesis. This
      culture system should permit studies of host cell control of trypanosome
      proliferation, pathogenic effects of trypanosomes on blood cell development, and
      the relative trypanocidal and marrow suppressive activities of drugs.

PMID- 6836285
TI  - Psychological stress induces sodium and fluid retention in men at high risk for
      hypertension.
AB  - Exposure to competitive mental tasks significantly reduced the urinary sodium and
      fluid excreted by young men with one or two hypertensive parents or with
      borderline hypertension. In this high-risk group, the degree of retention was
      directly related to the magnitude of heart rate increase during stress,
      suggesting common mediation by way of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus,
      psychological stress appears to induce changes in renal excretory functions that
      may play a critical role in long-term blood pressure regulation.

PMID- 6836286
TI  - Conditioned cues elicit feeding in sated rats: a role for learning in meal
      initiation.
AB  - Pavlovian conditioning was used to teach rats an association between an arbitrary
      external cue and food. Presentation of the conditioned cue elicited feeding by
      sated animals. The meal constituted approximately 20 percent of daily intake, and
      it was compensated for by a reduction of subsequent intake.

PMID- 6836288
TI  - Contiguity to males in utero affects avoidance responding in adult female mice.
AB  - Female mice that had been situated in utero between two female fetuses displayed
      higher levels of active avoidance responding in adult life than females that had
      been located between two male fetuses and males for whom uterine position was
      without effect. Uterine position, therefore, influences acquired as well as
      species-typical behaviors.

PMID- 6836289
TI  - Plasticity of motor behavior in monkeys with crossed forelimb nerves.
AB  - Monkeys in which nerves innervating the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand
      (the ulnar or the median nerve) had been surgically cross-united with the nerve
      innervating the extensor muscles (the radial nerve), and vice versa, showed
      excellent (ulnar-radial crosses) to moderate (median-radial crosses) control of
      movement performance after regeneration. Antagonistic movement responses were
      seen occasionally, but these were corrected almost immediately. Stimulation of
      the crossed nerves showed that they had innervated the antagonistic muscle
      groups. The results reveal the capacity of the primate central nervous system to
      adapt to gross disturbances imposed on the execution of movements by changes in
      peripheral innervation.

PMID- 6836287
TI  - The terminal nerve: a new chemosensory system in vertebrates?
AB  - Ganglion cells of the terminal nerve in goldfish are located in the olfactory
      nerve and bulb and send peripheral processes into the olfactory epithelium and
      central processes to the supracommissural nuclei of the telencephalon as well as
      to the retina. Correlations between terminal nerve projections and
      neurobehavioral studies suggest that the terminal nerve mediates responses to sex
      pheromones.

PMID- 6836290
TI  - Selective modification of glutathione metabolism.
AB  - Glutathione, a tripeptide thiol found in virtually all cells, functions in
      metabolism, transport, and cellular protection. It participates in the reduction
      of disulfides and other molecules, and conjugates with compounds of exogenous and
      endogenous origin. It protects cells against the destructive effects of reactive
      oxygen intermediates and free radicals. Modifications of glutathione metabolism
      may be achieved by administration of selective enzyme inhibitors, and also by
      giving compounds that increase glutathione synthesis. Such effects are useful in
      chemotherapy and radiation therapy and in protecting cells against the toxic
      effects of drugs, other foreign compounds, and oxygen.

PMID- 6836292
TI  - Dietary dogma disproved.

PMID- 6836291
TI  - "Baby Doe" regs thrown out by court.

PMID- 6836293
TI  - Electron microscope tomography: transcription in three dimensions.
AB  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of an asymmetric biological ultrastructure has
      been achieved by tomographic analysis of electron micrographs of sections tilted
      on a goniometer specimen stage. Aligned micrographs could be displayed as red
      green three-dimensional movies. The techniques have been applied to portions of
      in situ transcription units of a Balbiani ring in the polytene chromosomes of the
      midge Chironomus tentans. Current data suggest a DNA compaction of about 8 to 1
      in a transcription unit. Nascent ribonucleoprotein granules display an imperfect
      sixfold helical arrangement around the chromatin axis.

PMID- 6836294
TI  - Liposomal blockade of the reticuloendothelial system: improved tumor imaging with
      small unilamellar vesicles.
AB  - The reticuloendothelial system of mice bearing EMT6 tumors was effectively
      blocked by intravenous injections of small unilamellar vesicles that incorporated
      a 6-aminomannose derivative of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer. Neutral
      liposomes loaded with indium-111-nitrilotriacetic acid were then injected. Fifty
      percent more radioactivity was deposited in tumors of the animals with blocked
      reticuloendothelial systems than in controls. Twenty-four hours after the
      injection of radioactive vesicles, well-defined tumor images were observed in
      whole-body gamma camera scintigraphs. Biodistribution studies showed that tumors
      from animals with blocked reticuloendothelial systems had more than twice the
      radioactivity per gram than any other tissue analyzed.

PMID- 6836295
TI  - A glycolipid antigen associated with Burkitt lymphoma defined by a monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The antigen defined by a rat monoclonal antibody directed to a Burkitt lymphoma
      cell line was identified as globotriaosylceramide [Gal alpha (1 leads to 4)-Gal
      beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)-ceramide]. The antibody demonstrated
      a strict steric specificity since it did not react with globoisotriaosylceramide
      [Gal alpha (1 leads to 3)-Gal beta (1 leads to 4)-Glc beta (1 leads to 1)
      ceramide], the positional isomer of the antigen associated with the Burkitt
      lymphoma. Chemical analysis of various Burkitt lymphoma cell lines revealed that
      the Burkitt lymphoma cells contained more than 100 times as much of the
      glycolipid antigen as was found in other human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines.

PMID- 6836296
TI  - Slow compressional wave propagation in wet human and bovine cortical bone.
AB  - Ultrasonic wave propagation in bovine plexiform and human Haversian bone was
      studied in the range 0.5 to 15 megahertz. A new longitudinal wave was observed
      which traveled more slowly than the ordinary longitudinal wave. The slow wave was
      associated with the dynamics of fluid motion in the pores of bone.

PMID- 6836297
TI  - Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of
      pulsed radiation.
AB  - Suitably brief pulses of selectively absorbed optical radiation can cause
      selective damage to pigmented structures, cells, and organelles in vivo. Precise
      aiming is unnecessary in this unique form of radiation injury because inherent
      optical and thermal properties provide target selectivity. A simple, predictive
      model is presented. Selective damage to cutaneous microvessels and to melanosomes
      within melanocytes is shown after 577-nanometer (3 x 10(-7) second) and 351
      nanometer (2 x 10(-8) second) pulses, respectively. Hemodynamic, histological,
      and ultrastructural responses are discussed.

PMID- 6836298
TI  - Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field
      prevents contralateral inattention.
AB  - Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field
      prevents the appearance of contralateral inattention to visual, auditory, and
      somatosensory stimuli. The forced circling that accompanies inattention, however,
      is not affected. An equivalent preoperative period in the dark only partly
      reduces inattention symptoms. Visual deprivation does not reduce or prevent
      inattention resulting from lesions of the superior colliculus.

PMID- 6836299
TI  - Pregnancy increases reactivity of mice to phenobarbital.
AB  - Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant mice injected with phenobarbital had
      lower concentrations of the drug in the plasma but equivalent concentrations in
      the brain. In spite of the similar concentrations in the brain, the behavioral
      response to phenobarbital was greater for pregnant than nonpregnant mice. These
      results suggest that the concentration of phenobarbital in the plasma, which is
      commonly used as a basis for adjusting phenobarbital dosage during pregnancy, is
      not an appropriate indicator of the dynamics of the drug.

PMID- 6836301
TI  - Alcoholism studies.

PMID- 6836302
TI  - Incidence of strokes declines.

PMID- 6836300
TI  - Synaptic activity mediates death of hypoxic neurons.
AB  - Cultured hippocampal neurons, when exposed to cyanide or an anoxic atmosphere in
      the early stages of differentiation, were not visibly affected. However, neurons
      in the mature cultures died when exposed to cyanide or anoxia. Cell death could
      be prevented by treatment with magnesium, which eliminates synaptic activity.
      These observations suggest that damage in hypoxic neurons is mediated by synaptic
      activity.

PMID- 6836303
TI  - Phase transition and crystal structure of the 37 degrees C form of cholesterol.
AB  - Crystalline cholesterol undergoes a phase transition a few degrees below human
      body temperature. The high-temperature form has an unusually complex structure
      with 16 independent molecules. In the transition two molecules change side chain
      conformation, four reorient about their long axes, and ten remain unchanged. The
      transition mechanism implies relatively nonspecific intermolecular interactions,
      qualitatively consistent with the behavior of cholesterol in biomembranes. The
      transition preserves a remarkably closely obeyed pseudosymmetry present in the
      structure.

PMID- 6836304
TI  - Radioactive labeling of antibody: a simple and efficient method.
AB  - A simple and efficient method of covalently coupling the strong chelator
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid to proteins was developed for radiolabeling
      immunoglobulin G antibodies. After being coupled and labeled with indium-111, a
      monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen retained its ability to bind to
      its antigen in vitro and in vivo. In nude mice with a human colorectal xenograft,
      41 percent of the injected radioactivity became localized in each gram of
      xenograft at 24 hours compared with 9 percent for control antibody and 19 percent
      for radioiodinated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen.

PMID- 6836305
TI  - Metastable species of hemoglobin: room temperature transients and cryogenically
      trapped intermediates.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin obtained with 10
      nanosecond pulses are compared with the spectra of photolyzed
      carbonmonoxyhemoglobin stabilized at 80 K. In comparing the deoxy with the
      photodissociated species, the changes in the Raman spectra are the same for these
      two experimental regimes. These results show that at ambient and cryogenic
      temperatures the heme pocket in liganded hemoglobin is significantly different
      from that of deoxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that measurements of the properties
      of intermediate species from photodissociated hemoglobin stabilized at low
      temperatures can be used to probe the short-lived metastable forms of hemoglobin
      present after photodissociation under biologically relevant solution conditions.

PMID- 6836306
TI  - Endogenous pyrogen activity in human plasma after exercise.
AB  - Plasma obtained from human subjects after exercise and injected intraperitoneally
      into rats elevated rat rectal temperature and depressed plasma iron and zinc
      concentrations. The pyrogenic component was heat-denaturable and had an apparent
      molecular weight of 14,000 daltons. Human mononuclear leukocytes obtained after
      exercise and incubated in vitro released a factor into the medium that also
      elevated body temperature in rats and reduced trace metal concentrations. These
      results suggest that endogenous pyrogen, a protein mediator of fever and trace
      metal metabolism during infection, is released during exercise.

PMID- 6836307
TI  - Path-guided apparent motion.
AB  - A curved gray path, briefly flashed between two alternately displayed black dots,
      induced a compelling illusion of a single dot moving back and forth over that
      path. The minimum interval between dot onsets yielding this apparent motion
      increased not with the direct distance between the dots but, linearly, with the
      length of the curved path.

PMID- 6836308
TI  - Formation of an adenine-thymine photoadduct in the deoxydinucleoside
      monophosphate d(TpA) and in DNA.
AB  - A photoadduct is formed between the adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases of the
      deoxydinucleoside monophosphate d(TpA) when it is irradiated at 254 nanometers in
      aqueous solution. Treatment of the photoadduct with acid converts it specifically
      into a fluorescent hydrolysis product, C7H7N3O, incorporating the position-8
      carbon of adenine and the methyl group of thymine. Isolation of the fluorescent
      hydrolysis product from acid hydrolyzates of oligo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides
      has shown that the photoadduct is formed by ultraviolet irradiation of d(pTpA),
      d(TpApT), d(TpApTpA), poly(dA-dT), and both single- and double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 6836309
TI  - Passive transfer of diabetes in the BB/W rat.
AB  - Severe diabetes with insulitis was produced in young diabetes-prone BB/W rats by
      passive transfer of concanavalin A-treated spleen cells from BB/W animals with
      acute diabetes. Spleen cells alone or in combination with lymph node cells were
      active in transferring disease.

PMID- 6836310
TI  - Monocyte chemotaxis: stimulation by specific exosite region in thrombin.
AB  - Human alpha-thrombin is a potent chemoattractant for human monocytes, with
      optimum activity occurring at about 10 nanomoles per liter. A variety of
      thrombins that were chemically modified to alter procoagulant or esterolytic
      functions showed a similar optimum activity, but complexes of prothrombin or
      alpha-thrombin with either antithrombin III or hirudin did not. These findings
      indicate that the regions in thrombin responsible for monocyte chemotaxis are
      proximate to those involved in certain protein recognition interactions of alpha
      thrombin (for example, hirudin binding) but are distinct from the catalytic site
      and from certain exosites required for clotting.

PMID- 6836311
TI  - Social stress and atherosclerosis in normocholesterolemic monkeys.
AB  - Socially stressed adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed a low
      fat, low cholesterol diet developed more extensive coronary artery
      atherosclerosis than unstressed controls. Groups did not differ in serum lipids,
      blood pressure, serum glucose, or ponderosity. These results suggest that
      psychosocial factors may influence atherogenesis in the absence of elevated serum
      lipids. Psychosocial factors thus may help explain the presence of coronary
      artery disease (occasionally severe) in people with low or normal serum lipids
      and normal values for the other "traditional" risk factors.

PMID- 6836312
TI  - Evidence for sensory-selective set in young infants.
AB  - The existence of low-level filtering of sensory input is a point of debate among
      cognitive theorists. This present study suggests that filtering by modality
      exists at levels low enough to modulate the brainstem blink reflex and that it is
      evident as early as the 16th week of life. During foreground listening or looking
      conditions, blinks elicited by acoustic or visual probes were larger when probe
      and foreground modality matched than when they mismatched. "Interesting"
      foregrounds, by comparison with "dull" ones, intensified the modality-selective
      effect.

PMID- 6836314
TI  - Interstitial lymphoscintigraphy.

PMID- 6836313
TI  - Single visual neurons code opposing motion independent of direction.
AB  - Cells in intermediate and deeper layers of the pigeon optic tectum respond best
      when a textured background pattern is moved in the opposite direction to a moving
      test spot. Complete inhibition occurs when the background moves in the same
      direction as the test stimulus. Most noteworthy is the invariance of this
      relationship over a wide range of test spot directions. These cells represent a
      higher level of abstraction in a motion-detecting system and may play a role in
      figure-ground segregation or the discrimination of the motion of an object from
      self-induced optical motion.

PMID- 6836315
TI  - Radiation dose estimates for interstitial radiocolloid lymphoscintigraphy.
AB  - The spatial distribution of radioactivity in the injection site, and its rate of
      clearance, have been measured in patients undergoing various types of
      interstitial radiocolloid lymphoscintigraphy using 99mTc-antimony sulfide
      colloid. The clearance of radioactivity from the injection site, and the
      expansion with time of the localized radioactivity vary considerably for
      different sites of injection. Maximum absorbed dose estimates of 45.6 rads to the
      center of the injection site (rectus sheath) and 21 rads to individual lymph
      nodes have been calculated for patients undergoing internal mammary
      lymphoscintigraphy with 450 mu Ci injected radioactivity. Absorbed dose estimates
      for finger web, toe web, and perianal injection sites are also presented.

PMID- 6836316
TI  - Lymphoscintigraphy--techniques and applications in the management of breast
      carcinoma.
AB  - Radiocolloid lymphoscintigraphy is a versatile, simple technique which has been
      utilized extensively in the assessment of lymphatic function and structure in
      anatomic regions accessible to neither clinical examination nor radiocontrast
      lymphography, as well as in circumstances where radiocontrast lymphography is not
      feasible. The most important requirement for an effective study are: (a)
      Determination of the appropriate injection site for reproducibly visualizing the
      majority of the lymphatics under study and, (b) use of an agent with the optimum
      properties of a preformed small, uniform, well-dispersed particle colloid.
      Multiple applications of lymphoscintigraphy in the patient with breast carcinoma
      have demonstrated its value in distinguishing abnormalities of the internal
      mammary lymphatics shown to have significant prognostic implications, in
      providing accurate localization of the parasternal lymphatics for radiation
      therapy and its potential for determining the status of axillary lymphatics in
      lieu of surgical intervention. The following review is based on an experience of
      over 6500 studies in 5550 patients with breast carcinoma.

PMID- 6836317
TI  - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in breast carcinoma--a surgeon's perspective.
AB  - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IML) should now be considered a standard
      staging procedure in the present state of the art of the management of the
      patient with breast carcinoma. It provides clues for assessing the extent of
      disease and helps one to select individualized therapy. The interpretation is
      reliable enough in expert hands, to rule out the necessity of internal mammary
      node histopathologic diagnosis. In view of the significance of nodal invasion in
      relation to distant spread of the disease, one would be entitled to use this test
      as an indication for complementary systemic therapy when positive. On the other
      hand, if systemic therapy is to be employed without selection according to the
      multitude of relevant criteria, there may be no need to carry out this staging
      procedure prior to a management decision. The authors have reviewed their
      experience with more than 1000 examinations and have shown some of the practical
      implications of IML as a staging procedure as well as a guide to therapy.

PMID- 6836318
TI  - Lymphoscintigraphy in gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - Lymphoscintigraphy is an easily performed noninvasive procedure that offers the
      potential to detect small numbers of ascitic tumor cells and early diaphragmatic
      tumor involvement. Moreover, it can be used to delineate and define abnormalities
      in lymph nodes that are not routinely visualized by bipedal contrast
      lymphangiography, ultrasound or computed tomography. Lymphoscintigraphy is
      recommended as an important investigative and adjunctive procedure in diagnosing
      gynecologic malignancies; there does not appear to be sufficient sensitivity and
      specificity to justify its routine clinical use.

PMID- 6836319
TI  - Cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy in malignant melanoma.
AB  - Melanoma commonly metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes. With early melanomas
      the accepted therapy is local wide excision and regional lymphadenectomy for
      nodes in the lymph drainage path. For some melanoma sites the lymph node groups
      that should be removed are obvious; however, for other sites the decision as to
      which nodes are at risk may present a difficult problem, since drainage from
      these sites may vary unpredictably from classical anatomic descriptions. We
      reviewed recent reports from four institutions using four radiocolloids
      (colloidal 198gold, 99mtechnetium antimony sulfur colloid (99mTcSbSC),
      99mtechnetium sulfur colloid (99mTcSC), and micro 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid
      (micro 99mTcSC)) to determine lymph shed from melanomas. Correlation with
      surgical findings was excellent. In addition, drainage to second and third nodal
      groups, some of which were not clinically predictable, was frequently observed.
      While all four agents gave good scans, 99mTcSC and micro 99mTcSC are probably the
      best radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6836320
TI  - Therapy of stage I and stage II non-small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 6836321
TI  - N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): a significant chemoprotective adjunct. Introduction.

PMID- 6836322
TI  - N-acetylcysteine (NAC): a significant chemoprotective adjunct. Proceedings of a
      symposium, September 8 and 10, 1982.

PMID- 6836324
TI  - Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide against
      Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats.

PMID- 6836323
TI  - The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
      in dogs.

PMID- 6836325
TI  - Influence of N-acetylcysteine on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin.

PMID- 6836326
TI  - Effect of thiols on toxicity and carcinostatic activity of cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 6836327
TI  - N-acetylcysteine: its bioavailability and interaction with ifosfamide
      metabolites.

PMID- 6836328
TI  - Phase I clinical study of acetylcysteine's preventing ifosfamide-induced
      hematuria.

PMID- 6836329
TI  - Prophylaxis of ifosfamide toxicity with oral acetylcysteine.

PMID- 6836330
TI  - The effect of N-acetylcysteine on cyclophosphamide immunoregulation and antitumor
      activity.

PMID- 6836331
TI  - N-acetylcysteine and ifosfamide in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma and refractory testicular cancer.

PMID- 6836333
TI  - Letter from the Editor.

PMID- 6836332
TI  - Familial unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia syndromes.
AB  - Our understanding of the biochemical defects underlying the hepatic forms of
      congenital, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias has been greatly enhanced over the
      past decade. This is mostly due to the availability of pure, labeled bilirubin,
      the appropriate kinetic analyses, and a better understanding of the mechanisms
      underlying bilirubin conjugation. Although it is quite obvious that the defect
      underlying Gilbert's and Crigler-Najjar syndromes is deficient glucuronidation,
      the molecular explanation may eventually be found in altered composition of the
      microsomal lipids rather than in a protein defect of glucuronyl transferase. The
      recognition that Gilbert's syndrome is a quite heterogeneous entity will allow a
      better understanding of the mode of inheritance of this disorder; its
      relationship to Crigler-Najjar type II disease also awaits further definition. It
      is hoped that definition of the molecular defect in Crigler-Najjar type I will
      lead to better therapeutic modalities, but this remains to be seen.

PMID- 6836334
TI  - Tracheobronchial trauma.

PMID- 6836335
TI  - Diffuse lesions of the trachea.

PMID- 6836336
TI  - Case of the winter season. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to
      hemangiopericytoma of the right femur.

PMID- 6836337
TI  - Computed tomography of the trachea and mainstem bronchi.

PMID- 6836338
TI  - The trachea in children.

PMID- 6836339
TI  - Prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children.
AB  - The prevalence of obesity among 457 school children in the age group 6-19 years
      is 3.2% for males and 5.1% for females based on weight for age. 3.7% males and
      3.3% females were classified as obese when triceps skinfold thickness was used as
      the basis of obesity. Preventable socio-economic factors are responsible for the
      high prevalence of obesity among, Nigerian school children. This the first study
      of prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children.

PMID- 6836340
TI  - Infant and child survival and contraceptive use in the closed pregnancy interval.
AB  - While previous studies have examined the relationship between child survival and
      contraceptive use, they have not considered the impact of the sequence of child
      mortality on the practice of family planning. The present paper addresses this
      issue by considering how the birth order of nonsurviving outcomes affects the
      decision to contracept in the subsequent interval, using data collected from over
      10,000 women at the time of hospital delivery. Results indicate that, even when
      gravidity and the total number of surviving children are held constant, the
      outcome of the penultimate pregnancy is highly associated with interval
      contraception.

PMID- 6836342
TI  - The causes of disease. Women talking.
AB  - An analysis is presented of the concept of 'disease' and its causes, held by one
      group of middle-aged women brought up in poor social circumstances. The diseases
      which the women talked about, and their ideas of cause, are shown to be the
      products of a particular medical and social history. The categories of cause
      which were favoured were infection, heredity and family susceptibility and agents
      in the environment. The women preferred to reject natural degenerative processes
      or the idiopathic: inevitability and randomness were both found frightening. It
      is suggested that the women's models of disease processes (though often factually
      incorrect) were in principle no different to those of advanced medical science,
      and no less sophisticated. The most notable features of their talk, however, were
      the salience of knowing about cause, the strain towards rational explanation and
      the importance of linking together life events. It is suggested that these are
      common human traits, which have implications for the interaction between doctors
      and patients.

PMID- 6836341
TI  - Health policy and health services research in The Netherlands.
AB  - This paper describes the development of health services research in The
      Netherlands in the last decade. For that purpose, an outline of the
      organisational structure of health research in general is presented first. It is
      shown that an increasing share of total resources for health research is
      allocated to health services research, now amounting to almost 10%. Emphasis is
      on the development of government health policy, which has given a strong stimulus
      to the volume of research projects in this area. Preparatory to the introduction
      of the new Health Care Services Act, which introduces the concept of planning of
      all health services at decentralised level, a large research program is being
      developed by the Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection. This program
      includes activities such as the development of regional health information
      systems, studies on the coherence of health care facilities, studies on efficient
      resource allocation and studies related to quality assessment and effectiveness
      of health care provision. Furthermore, a number of governmental policies to
      support the development of health services research are considered. Most
      important in this respect is the development of a Council for Health Research,
      which advises the government on all issues of research policy and which
      constitutes of scientists, government representatives and representatives of
      organisations using research work. Finally, an attempt is made to describe the
      Dutch situation within the international context.

PMID- 6836343
TI  - What is reasonable is true. Life satisfaction and functional disability among day
      hospital participants.
AB  - Among the several kinds of health care programs enabling the elderly to maintain
      community residence is the geriatric day hospital. An investigation was
      undertaken, utilizing structured interviews, to determine what factors influenced
      life satisfaction and functional disability among the elderly attending three day
      hospitals in Winnipeg, Canada. Findings indicate that the major predictors of
      functional disability include perceived health, Canadian ethnicity and
      differential services. Those for life satisfaction (activity, socio-economic
      status and health) were similar to those cited for elderly generally in the
      population.

PMID- 6836344
TI  - Early childhood, the critical stage in human interactions with disease and
      culture.
AB  - This paper examines the continuous interactions between evolving Homo sapiens and
      the multiple health-related factors that significantly have shaped the course of
      human evolution. Early childhood, particularly the precarious post-weaning stage,
      is seen to be the most critical period determining survival in disease
      confrontations. Selection for the fundamental biological defenses predated human
      emergence; however, human cultures add a significant dimension to disease
      patterns. Specific configurations of disease are intimately related to human
      economies, social structure and political interactions as well as macro- and
      micro-environmental factors.

PMID- 6836345
TI  - The impact of mass communication campaigns in the health field.
AB  - This article analyzes a series of health education projects that used the mass
      media to change behavior. First, the article describes how persuasion theories
      are used to maximize impact in mass communication campaigns. Second, this paper
      discusses theories of social psychology used in such campaigns. One such theory,
      cognitive dissonance, explains changes at the level of attitudes, beliefs and
      opinion. Another theory, social learning, defines strategies of behavior changes.
      A third theory, concerning diffusion of innovations, helps understand the network
      of interpersonal relationships essential for the adoption of any innovation.
      McGuire's inoculation theory suggests strategies to aid resistance to harmful
      environmental influences (e.g. smoking, excessive drinking, etc.). Third, this
      work reviews public health campaigns that have used one or more of these theories
      of social psychology. The first project, dealing with smoking behavior cessation
      and prevention, mainly used strategies of interpersonal communication for
      inoculating and modeling useful behavior in order to resist social pressures
      favorable to smoking. The second project, designed to prevent alcoholism, used
      the mass media primarily. The objective of this campaign was to obtain changes in
      knowledge, attitude and behavior in the public through modeling desirable
      behaviors over public service announcements. The third campaign, a heart disease
      prevention program, used a combination of mass media and interpersonal
      communication to achieve changes in lifestyle of the population. Finally, this
      article describes limitations in using mass media in behavior change health
      programs.

PMID- 6836346
TI  - Separated and divorced women compared with married controls. Selected life
      satisfaction, stress and health indices from a community survey.
AB  - A stratified sample of 31 French-Canadian and 33 English-Canadian separated or
      divorced (S/D) mothers and matched married controls were identified by telephone
      in four high-income census tracts of Montreal. The 128 women were home
      interviewed by questionnaire which included extensive sections on health, stress
      and life satisfaction. It was predicted that modern S/D women with children would
      be better off as regards satisfaction, stress and health than pre-women's
      liberation era women, and that they would be as well or better off than the
      married controls. These hypotheses were supported only in part. The S/D were
      significantly worse off than the married in four areas (general life
      satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, self-esteem and use of professional
      therapists) and on almost all other health-stress measures, there were trends
      favouring the married. There were no significant differences or no trends
      favouring the S/D. Nonetheless, the S/D did appear to be considerably better off
      when compared with the picture of the S/D in the earlier literature. The greater
      frequency of depressions and greater use of therapists by the English-Canadian
      women was thought to reflect their weaker network of supportive relatives as well
      as the impact of recent political changes in Quebec.

PMID- 6836347
TI  - Gender roles, illness orientation and use of medical services.
AB  - The study investigates illness orientation as a factor which may account for sex
      differences in the utilization of medical care. First, sex differences in the way
      symptoms are perceived, evaluated and acted upon (illness orientation) are
      analyzed. Then gender role factors which may account for sex differences in
      illness orientation are examined. Finally, the degree to which gender role
      factors and illness orientation account for sex differences in medical care
      utilization are assessed. The study population includes 1648 adults between the
      ages of 18 and 59. Medical record data covering 7 years of outpatient services
      are linked with survey data on the respondents. The findings show that while
      females are more likely to perceive symptoms than males, there is no apparent sex
      difference in a tendency to adopt the sick role when ill. In addition, results
      indicate that gender role factors such as level and type of role responsibility
      and concern with health are related to female though not male symptom reports.
      Illness orientation variables are related to rates of medical utilization for
      both sexes. However, it is primarily the perception of symptoms and an interest
      and concern with health which contributes to sex differences in utilization
      rates. When examining respondents who report either a very low or very high
      number of symptoms, sex differences in utilization rates fall below statistical
      significance.

PMID- 6836349
TI  - Anthropological and socio-medical health care research in developing countries.

PMID- 6836348
TI  - Information control and the exercise of power in the obstetrical encounter.
AB  - Interactions between doctor and patient involve participants with unequal power
      and possibly different interests. While a number of studies have focused upon the
      doctor/patient relationship, few have examined the utility of the concept of
      power and its capacity to help us understand the outcome of these interactions.
      The information sought by pregnant women from their obstetricians is used to
      provide a case study of one conceptualization and test of the utility of the
      concept of power. Pregnant women and their obstetricians are found to have
      different perceptions of the information that should be exchanged during their
      interactions. Women generally fail to obtain the information they want. Lower
      social class patients desire more and obtain less information than their higher
      status counterparts.

PMID- 6836350
TI  - An evaluation of demographic differences in the utilization of a cancer
      information service.
AB  - A detailed empirical evaluation of the utilization of a cancer public telephone
      information program was conducted. This paper reports demographic differences
      between utilizers and the general population. It was found that utilization
      varied according to socioeconomic status, area of residence, age and sex. The
      greatest proportion of users were females, from the higher social classes, city
      residents and 20-39 years of age. Attempts to look at interrelationships among
      these variables did not produce any consistent findings.

PMID- 6836351
TI  - Movement for medical treatment. A study in contact patterns of a rural
      population.
AB  - This paper deals with the patterns of movement of rural population for purposes
      of medical treatment. The following hypothesis are empirically tested with the
      data on 245 randomly selected sample villages containing about 30,000 households
      in Tumkur District of Karnataka (India). (a) There are significant differences in
      the incidence of sickness between various socio-economic groups. (b) The poorer
      sections of the rural society tend to get treated by informal/traditional systems
      of medicine. (c) Since the available medical facilities are few, no significant
      differences are observable in the distance travelled by different socio-economic
      groups. (d) The actual places of visit for treatment may be different for
      different socio-economic groups, since the society consists of 'status-conscious'
      population. (e) The long distance movement is not a matter of travel costs but
      essentially of overhead costs at the places of treatment. The analysis reveals
      that hypothesis (c), (d) and (e) are valid. Invalidation of hypothesis (a) raises
      the question of perception of sickness among the various strata of the society,
      whereas invalidation of hypothesis (b) indicates the use of allopathic system by
      all sections of rural population. In terms of location planning of medical
      services, the study indicates that two levels may be thought of--neighbourhood
      facilities and higher order facilities--rather than a hierarchy of medical
      centres involving a number of intermediary levels. Middle level centres are found
      to be under utilised since the patients tend to bypass them to avail of medical
      services of higher order centres.

PMID- 6836352
TI  - A note on the hierarchy of health facilities in Bangladesh.

PMID- 6836353
TI  - Acupuncture--time for a second look.

PMID- 6836354
TI  - "Primum non nocere".

PMID- 6836357
TI  - Acidosis and other metabolic abnormalities associated with paint sniffing.
AB  - Acidosis (arterial pH 6.88 to 7.38) and many other metabolic abnormalities were
      found in eight patients observed during 16 hospitalizations for paint sniffing.
      In four episodes, a high anion gap was found, perhaps secondary to an
      accumulation of metabolites of toluene. The anion gap was normal during 12
      episodes, of which seven were associated with a urine pH greater than 5.5
      indicating renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria were
      frequently observed. There were six episodes of rapidly reversible renal
      insufficiency (peak serum creatinine values 1.7 mg/dl to 5.4 mg/dl). Hypokalemia
      (eight episodes) and hypophosphatemia (seven episodes) were also observed. In two
      patients the urine pH, titratable acid, and ammonium excretion were determined
      before and after bicarbonate therapy. These results suggested distal but not
      proximal RTA. Our observations indicate that multiple metabolic abnormalities may
      result from solvent abuse and suggest guidelines for therapy.

PMID- 6836355
TI  - Occult sclerosing carcinoma of the thyroid: potential for aggressive biologic
      behavior.
AB  - A 46-year-old woman with a 6 mm occult sclerosing thyroid carcinoma had multiple
      neck metastases and a distant metastasis over an eight-year period. The neoplasm
      metastasized to cervical lymph nodes, to soft tissues of the neck, and to the
      right humerus. She had tracheal cutaneous and tracheal esophageal fistulas after
      several surgical procedures. Occult thyroid carcinomas are seldom associated with
      death, but considerable morbidity can result from local metastases. A review of
      the literature revealed only two other well documented cases of distant
      metastases from occult sclerosing thyroid carcinomas.

PMID- 6836356
TI  - Smooth muscle neoplasms of the stomach.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 31 patients with smooth muscle tumors of the stomach
      seen at the First Surgical Department, Medical School, University of Athens,
      Greece, between the years 1961 and 1981 with special emphasis on the clinical
      data, diagnosis, and pathology. The majority of patients were symptomatic and
      were preoperatively diagnosed by radiology and/or endoscopy, but accurate
      histologic diagnosis was obtained in only three cases. The tumors varied in size,
      were relatively equally distributed throughout the stomach, and their management
      required 35 operations, consisting of 18 Billroth II gastrectomies, 15 local
      excisions, and two total gastrectomies. Histologically, the tumors proved to be
      leiomyoma in 23 cases, leiomyosarcoma in ten, and leiomyoblastoma in two. The
      difficulty of histologic classification in the absence of metastasis is clearly
      shown by the fact that three tumors recurred and were subsequently characterized
      as leiomyosarcoma one to three years after they were initially classified as
      leiomyoma.

PMID- 6836358
TI  - Cephapirin therapy in infective endocarditis.
AB  - Ten patients, eight of them heroin addicts, with infective endocarditis were
      treated with cephapirin. Causative organisms included Staphylococcus aureus in
      six patients and viridans streptococci, S bovis, and S pneumoniae in one patient
      each. In one of the patients with endocarditis, both S aureus and an organism of
      the beta-Streptococcus group were simultaneously isolated. All patients except
      two, both with monomicrobial S aureus endocarditis, were cured. All isolates were
      inhibited by less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml of cephapirin. Peak serum
      bactericidal activity greater than or equal to 32 times the minimal inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) of the causative organism was achieved in all cases after
      giving 2 gm IV every four hours. After using large inoculums of staphylococci for
      in vitro tests, we found that twofold to eightfold increases in MIC occurred.
      Cephapirin was well tolerated intravenously and high levels in serum were
      achieved without toxicity or accumulation of the drug.

PMID- 6836359
TI  - Successful management of decubitus ulcers by the general surgeon.
AB  - Decubitus ulcers were handled by an aggressive routine of early wide excision and
      immediate advancement-rotation flaps of the thigh under antibiotic coverage. Of
      23 patients referred for decubitus ulcers in two years, 20 were so managed, with
      primary healing in 15 and secondary healing in an additional four. There has been
      one recurrence, one operative death, and two late deaths.

PMID- 6836361
TI  - Comparison of cardiovascular risk in maximal isometric and dynamic exercise.
AB  - With the hypothesis that isometric exercise testing offers important clinical
      information yet is neglected because of overemphasis on its risk, we compared it
      with dynamic testing for variables indicative of myocardial ischemia. In a
      medical office, 287 patients were each subjected once to both a one-minute
      maximal handgrip stress test and maximal treadmill test while monitored
      noninvasively for cardiovascular responses. Systolic blood pressures usually
      increased more with the treadmill test, diastolic more with the handgrip. The
      treadmill tests caused greater mean heart rate and rate-pressure products, as
      well as more ST segment displacements, arrhythmias, and symptoms and signs.
      However, there were some unpredictable individual differences in the isometric
      blood pressure responses. Isometric testing is easy and useful and, if properly
      monitored, causes less risk to the patient than dynamic testing.

PMID- 6836362
TI  - Skull roentgenography in the evaluation of head injury.
AB  - The role of skull roentgenograms in determining choice of therapy, hospital
      admission, and length of hospitalization was evaluated in 106 consecutive
      patients with head injury. Thirty patients were discharged from the emergency
      room after initial evaluation and had uneventful recovery. Seventy-six were
      admitted and discharged without operative treatment one to ten days later. Only
      five had pathologic skull findings roentgenographically. Of these, one was
      discharged from the emergency department; the remaining four were admitted
      because of abnormal neurologic findings. All five recovered uneventfully. Another
      patient who had a normal roentgenographic evaluation required subsequent
      admission for craniotomy. Skull roentgenograms were an unimportant factor in the
      management of head injury patients and did not eliminate the need for complete
      and serial neurologic evaluation.

PMID- 6836363
TI  - Driving with epilepsy: a contemporary perspective.
AB  - A committee of concerned neurologists in cooperation with the Tennessee
      Department of Safety and other agencies reviewed the present state licensing
      rules for epileptics and offered recommendations for amendments. Epileptics,
      diabetics, and patients with cerebrovascular disease have an accident rate of
      approximately twice that of the general population. Seizures probably account for
      approximately .02% of all vehicle accidents and only .5% to .01% of the fatal
      accidents. Accidents caused by seizures involve the driver's vehicle alone or an
      immovable object 80% of the time and occur in less populated and developed areas
      than controls. The number of seizures within the first three months of therapy is
      a powerful prognostic indicator. With knowledgeable individual consideration,
      licensing epileptics to drive could be done much earlier than previously allowed,
      without affecting road safety. Physicians giving recommendations for licensing in
      good faith should be protected by law from liability for unforeseen seizure
      recurrence.

PMID- 6836360
TI  - Diabetic neuropathic pain: control by amitriptyline and fluphenazine in renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Seven patients with diabetes of ten to 24 years' duration and renal insufficiency
      were treated with fluphenazine and amitriptyline in an attempt to control severe
      pain in the extremities. Six patients had relief of pain within five days of
      initiation of therapy. One patient had no pain relief despite mood alteration.
      The relief of pain persisted whether renal function was stable or declining. This
      form of therapy is safe and as effective in patients with neuropathic pain and
      mild to moderate renal insufficiency as in patients with normal renal function.

PMID- 6836364
TI  - Postresection bronchopleural fistula: detection by regional ventilation-perfusion
      studies.
AB  - In three patients, bronchopleural fistula developed after right pneumonectomy for
      bronchogenic carcinoma. In each instance, radiologic and clinical evidence was
      inconclusive. Xenon 133 regional ventilation-perfusion studies confirmed the
      diagnosis of a bronchopleural fistula in both the immediate and late
      postoperative periods.

PMID- 6836365
TI  - Corticosteroids in the management of allergic rhinitis.
AB  - Allergic rhinitis unresponsive to conservative therapy with antihistamines,
      decongestants, and environmental control may require the use of corticosteroids
      for symptomatic relief, even while hyposensitization is being carried out. Such
      therapy may be given orally, intramuscularly, as a nasal aerosol, or by
      intraturbinal injection. This discussion deals with the characteristics and
      appropriate use of each modality.

PMID- 6836366
TI  - Orf occurring in Missouri.
AB  - We report two cases of orf, a common viral disease of sheep, which occurred in
      residents of Missouri. A survey taken among sheep raisers in Missouri revealed
      that many were unaware of this as a potential human disease. It is important for
      physicians to be able to recognize this lesion so that radical methods of therapy
      are not employed. The lesion heals without scarring and without specific therapy.
      Complications are rare.

PMID- 6836368
TI  - Thrombocytopenia secondary to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - Two patients had severe thrombocytopenia while taking trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole. The mechanism is uncertain, but probably is related to drug
      interference with folate metabolism. Recovery can usually be expected upon
      withdrawal of the medication and institution of folic acid therapy.

PMID- 6836367
TI  - Snake antivenin administration in a patient allergic to horse serum.
AB  - We have described a case in which a potent epinephrine drip was useful in the
      management of a patient who needed antivenin and was allergic to horse serum.
      With 50 ml of 1:10,000 epinephrine in 500 ml of 5% dextrose in water, repeated
      anaphylactoid reactions were controlled. We believe that such a solution would be
      helpful in other patients having severe anaphylactic reactions to antivenin.

PMID- 6836369
TI  - Systemic mast cell disease.
AB  - We present a case of systemic mast cell disease because of its unusual lack of
      significant manifestations in skin or bone. Clinicians and pathologists alike
      must be aware of this entity and consider it when atypical round cell infiltrates
      are present in visceral organs. It should be included in a differential diagnosis
      with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, leukemias, myeloproliferative
      disorders, and a variety of nonneoplastic diseases. Cytochemical stains and
      electron microscopy may be diagnostic.

PMID- 6836371
TI  - Computerized tomographic diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis.
AB  - In two patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis computerized tomography was used
      for diagnosis and/or postoperative follow-up. Methyldopa (Aldomet) is postulated
      as the causative agent in one case; the second is idiopathic.

PMID- 6836370
TI  - Aldosteronism in pregnancy: association with virilization of female offspring.
AB  - We have described a case of maternal primary aldosteronism in which there is
      virilization of the female offspring. The most common causes of virilization are
      considered unlikely on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. The report
      illustrates the exacerbation of aldosteronism that occurs postpartum and
      emphasizes a conservative approach to intravenous potassium therapy during
      delivery.

PMID- 6836372
TI  - Adult intussusception due to metastatic tumors.
AB  - We report three cases of adult intussusception emphasizing its difference from
      childhood intussusception. The indolent, intermittent intussusception of adults
      is sometimes missed.

PMID- 6836373
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma metastatic to vitreous humor of the eye: treatment
      with BCNU.
AB  - A patient with malignant melanoma metastatic to the vitreous of the left eye was
      treated with subconjunctival as well as systemic injections of 1,3-bis-(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Improvement in visual symptoms and partial
      disappearance of tumor granules occurred, but progressive glaucoma required
      enucleation.

PMID- 6836374
TI  - Thrombocytopenia and low-dose heparin.
AB  - We present two cases in which thrombocytopenia developed during low-dose heparin
      therapy. They seem to represent the spectrum of heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia described by Carreras. Because of the increasing use of low-dose
      heparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis, and because patient reexposure to
      heparin is not uncommon, the identification of even a modest fall in platelet
      count in association with heparin therapy is important.

PMID- 6836376
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus in a burn scar.

PMID- 6836375
TI  - Pure red cell aplasia obscured by a diagnosis of carcinoma.
AB  - Three cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) associated with carcinoma, previously
      considered a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, are reported. Two cases responded to
      steroid therapy. In two the diagnosis of PRCA was obscured by the carcinoma until
      bone marrow examination revealed the true cause of the anemia. These three cases
      once again support routine bone marrow examination to determine the cause of
      anemia, regardless of other medical problems.

PMID- 6836379
TI  - Amoxapine intoxication in an infant: seizures arrested with diazepam.
AB  - A 15-month-old infant had hyperpyrexia and severe generalized seizures without
      cardiovascular toxicity after the ingestion of 250 mg of amoxapine, a new
      tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxapine subclass. The seizures failed to
      respond to physostigmine or the usual anticonvulsant therapies, but were
      controlled after eight hours by a second administration of diazepam. The child
      died 144 hours after amoxapine ingestion.

PMID- 6836377
TI  - Punishment by salt poisoning.
AB  - We have described a case of child abuse by intentional poisoning with forced salt
      feeding. The serum sodium level reached 184 mEq/L, with a concomitant urinary
      sodium value of 360 mEq/L. Treatment with rapid infusion of normal saline brought
      the serum sodium level to 151 mEq/L after eight hours, without complications.
      Child abuse by intentional poisoning appears to reflect greater psychopathology
      than other forms of abuse.

PMID- 6836378
TI  - Blunt traumatic rupture of the main pulmonary vessels.
AB  - This report described a patient who, though exhibiting no physical signs of chest
      trauma, had fatal blunt traumatic rupture of the main pulmonary blood vessels,
      unaccompanied by bronchial injury. A high index of suspicion for such
      intrathoracic injury should prompt a chest x-ray film in any case of multiple
      trauma.

PMID- 6836380
TI  - Haloperidol-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 6836382
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in patients with destructive forms of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 6836381
TI  - [Morphology of disorders of microcirculation and hemostasis in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 6836383
TI  - [Various transfusiologic aspects of artificial circulation].

PMID- 6836385
TI  - [Use of noninvasive examination methods in ischemic heart disease patients].

PMID- 6836384
TI  - [Distribution of HLA antigens in patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B].

PMID- 6836386
TI  - [Concentration of hydrocortisone and corticosterone in the blood of bronchial
      asthma patients undergoing steroid therapy].

PMID- 6836387
TI  - [Changes in blood coagulation in patients with cancer of the uterine body during
      surgery].

PMID- 6836388
TI  - [Anatomic features of the dysplastic pelvis of women before and after osteotomy
      of the ilium].

PMID- 6836389
TI  - [Pathogenetic treatment of patients with disseminated neurodermatitis using the
      specific antikinin preparation parmidin].

PMID- 6836390
TI  - [Therapeutic endoscopy of the upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 6836394
TI  - [Immediate and late results of rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients in
      stages].

PMID- 6836395
TI  - [Use of computers to plan the postgraduate education of physicians].

PMID- 6836391
TI  - [Professional responsibility of the physician].

PMID- 6836393
TI  - [Instrumental methods of diagnosis in the scientific solution of problems in
      disability evaluation].

PMID- 6836392
TI  - [Inventory of socio-psychological factors in the secondary prevention of arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 6836398
TI  - [Syndrome of premature ventricular repolarization as a reason for erroneous
      diagnosis of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6836397
TI  - [Clinical manifestations of anomalies of the lumbosacral division of the spine].

PMID- 6836399
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of the blood in chronic cerebral circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 6836396
TI  - [Use of the vasodilator nitrosorbide in the treatment of chronic heart failure].

PMID- 6836400
TI  - [Pulmonary rheography and external respiratory function during reflexotherapy of
      bronchial asthma patients].

PMID- 6836401
TI  - [Acetylcholine test in the diagnosis of bronchial lesions in smokers].

PMID- 6836402
TI  - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis in essential monoclonal cryoglobulinemia].

PMID- 6836403
TI  - [Social aspects of vascular reconstruction].

PMID- 6836404
TI  - [Recurrent intrahepatic lithiasis].

PMID- 6836405
TI  - [Aortico-left ventricular tunnel].

PMID- 6836406
TI  - [Contribution to problems of the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 6836407
TI  - [Partial resection of the spleen in the dog. II. Pathologico-anatomy].

PMID- 6836408
TI  - [Hermaphroditism versus with complete masculinization].

PMID- 6836409
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of pulmonary cancer].

PMID- 6836410
TI  - Postpartum shock due to inferior vena cava rupture.

PMID- 6836411
TI  - Footballer's migraine--a report of 2 cases.

PMID- 6836412
TI  - Trace element concentrations in commonly used intravenous fluids.
AB  - The concentrations of several essential trace elements in various intravenous
      fluids commonly used in South Africa were measured. With the exception of 4%
      human serum albumin and fresh freeze-dried plasma (FDP), intravenous fluids
      contained minimal amounts of essential trace elements. Although FDP contained
      significant quantities of zinc, copper, iron and chromium, the common practice of
      giving patients on total parenteral nutrition 1-2 units per week will not fulfil
      the recommended daily requirements. Additional trace element supplements should
      therefore be given intravenously to these patients.

PMID- 6836413
TI  - Paragangliomas of the head and neck--a radiological approach.
AB  - Paragangliomas of the head and neck are characterized by their profuse
      vascularity and persistent tumour blush during angiography. Routine bilateral
      carotid angiograms are needed to exclude bilateral localization. Subtraction
      angiography and computed tomography (CT) are of limited value in the diagnosis of
      paragangliomas of the neck, but play an important part in the diagnosis and
      management of jugulotympanic paragangliomas related to the base of the skull. CT
      scans demonstrate a mass of soft-tissue density which enhances on administration
      of contrast medium. CT is important in the evaluation of intracranial extension
      as well as in follow-up after operation and irradiation.

PMID- 6836415
TI  - Clinicopathological conference. Post-abortal fever and shock.

PMID- 6836416
TI  - Statutory controls in the care of the aged.
AB  - Legislation for the control of care of the aged in South Africa is examined with
      a view to its applicability to its purposes. The cornerstone of a comprehensive
      service for the aged is undoubtedly Act No. 63 (The Health Act) of 1977, but a
      great deal of voluntary community activity and previous legislation have
      contributed to making this possible. The delegation of responsibility from the
      National Health Policy Council via the Health Matters Advisory Committee to its
      Subcommittee of Health Services for the Aged and, finally, to the Regional
      Coordinating Committees is described. Unfortunately community services have not
      yet been developed to a capacity to meet all current needs, and various models
      for the delivery of care of the aged within the community are briefly discussed
      in attempting to seek a meaningful role for the Regional Coordinating Committees.
      Improved pensions or the introduction of compulsory contributory comprehensive
      social security for the aged are, in conjunction with improved home care
      facilities, essential factors in making care for the aged a community
      responsibility as far as possible.

PMID- 6836417
TI  - Unplanned pregnancies among urban Zulu schoolgirls. Community research as
      preparation for intervention.
AB  - The need for an investigation into some of the factors associated with unplanned
      and often unwanted pregnancies among urban Zulu schoolgirls arose from the
      concern expressed by a number of medical, educational and community authorities.
      The problem was seen to be self-defeating to the youngsters involved, medically
      contraindicated and socially disruptive. Data were obtained through
      questionnaires, completion of an open-ended essay and in-depth interviews with
      1311 schoolchildren of both sexes from three different high schools and 212
      pregnant girls attending two different prenatal care clinics. Discussions were
      held with most people involved in the medical care of the young pregnant girls.
      The reasons for the problem given by the participants of these discussions formed
      the basis on which the standard interview, questionnaires and the open-ended
      essay were formulated. Results demonstrate how information gathered via community
      research can test the validity of assumptions held about a problem.

PMID- 6836414
TI  - Venous air embolism as a cause of death--a method of investigation.

PMID- 6836418
TI  - Late management of penetrating oesophageal injury. Case reports.
AB  - Two cases of oesophageal perforation at the thoracic inlet, due to penetrating
      trauma, are described. In the first case the diagnosis was established 2 weeks
      after injury; the second case was diagnosed within 30 hours, was treated
      unsuccessfully and referred to us 1 month after injury. The management of these
      severely ill patients is discussed. Defunctioning of the oesophagus was necessary
      in both cases, and later reconstruction was carried out in one of the patients.

PMID- 6836419
TI  - Recurrent ventricular fibrillation after open-heart surgery. A case report.
AB  - A case of myocardial infarction following cardiac valvular surgery is reported.
      Anti-arrythmic drugs in maximal doses failed to control recurrent ventricular
      fibrillation. On the other hand, during the acute stage the ventricular
      arrhythmias responded dramatically to transvenous atrial pacing. During the sub
      acute phase the presumed sick-sinus syndrome was treated with hydrallazine with
      good effect.

PMID- 6836421
TI  - Fick principle invalid in pathophysiology.

PMID- 6836420
TI  - Perforated duodenal ulcer associated with endoscopy resulting in pancreatic
      abscess. A case report.

PMID- 6836423
TI  - Hypercoagulability as a predisposition to impotence due to aging ageing.

PMID- 6836422
TI  - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 6836424
TI  - A constant neurological sign in the arthritic knee.

PMID- 6836425
TI  - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in pregnancy.

PMID- 6836426
TI  - Haematological reference values for the Basotho.
AB  - Haematological reference values for a defined population of healthy adult Basotho
      are presented, with appropriate statistical treatment of the data. The well
      documented apparent neutropenia in Blacks was observed, as well as the apparent
      sex difference as regards lymphocytes. The importance of adequate health criteria
      is stressed, 42% of apparently normal females having low serum ferritin levels.
      This could lead to an error of 1 g/dl in the haemoglobin level at the lower limit
      of the reference value. Only 34% of the apparently healthy females met all the
      criteria for health.

PMID- 6836427
TI  - Smoking in White high-school children in Cape Town.
AB  - A questionnaire was completed by 1716 White high-school children in Cape Town as
      part of an investigation into the smoking habits and respiratory symptoms in
      South African schoolchildren. Of the children surveyed 51% had never smoked, 28%
      claimed to be ex-smokers and 21% were smoking at the time of the survey. The
      average cigarette consumption by current smokers was 170 cigarettes per month,
      and 39% of smokers smoked more than 150 cigarettes per month; 71.3% admitted to
      inhaling. Peer influence was the single most important determinant of the smoking
      habit. Chronic cough and sputum production, symptoms suggesting asthma, dyspnoea
      on exertion, and a parental history of lung disease were all more common in ex
      smokers and current smokers than in children who had never smoked.

PMID- 6836430
TI  - Gastric ulcer diagnosed on a plain abdominal radiograph.
AB  - On occasion gastric ulcers may be recognized on plain abdominal radiographs. A
      case in which a gastric ulcer was diagnosed on the plain abdominal radiograph,
      illustrating the importance of careful scrutiny of the plain film in all cases of
      acute abdomen, is presented. The existence of the lesser curvature ulcer was
      confirmed on barium contrast studies.

PMID- 6836428
TI  - The philosophy of hospice care for the terminally ill patient. Part I. Hospice
      care with the emphasis on the home situation.
AB  - A deficiency in general medical care for terminally ill patients is recognized. A
      hospice care-providing team has been formed to obviate this urgent problem.
      Logistics dictate that hospice care can be implemented most effectively in the
      home environment. Home hospice care is therefore promoted as the ideal situation
      for most terminally ill patients.

PMID- 6836429
TI  - Terminal illness in a psychiatric patient--issues and ethics.
AB  - A woman with paranoid psychosis and terminal breast cancer refused palliative
      radiation, demanding pain-killers and permission to leave hospital to go into the
      mountains and die on her own. Was it ethical to allow her to do so, or should a
      court order have been sought to impose hospital treatment on her? Should she have
      been persuaded to accept hospital care? When do those in charge deem a terminally
      ill patient unable to understand the issues, and dictate treatment? Our aim in
      this article is to highlight a number of ethical matters regarding patient care,
      as well as to try and determine the role a hospice should play with regard to the
      terminally ill patient with associated psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 6836431
TI  - Hypoplasia of the maxillary antrum.
AB  - Hypoplasia of the maxillary antrum is uncommon, but its recognition is important
      as patients with this condition are often inappropriately given repeated courses
      of antibiotics and decongestants for so-called 'chronic sinusitis'. Orbital
      enlargement secondary to hypoplasia of the maxillary antrum, which must not be
      mistaken for the presence of an orbital mass, is described. Computed tomography
      is superior to conventional radiography for demonstration of orbital contents and
      mucoperiosteal membranes.

PMID- 6836432
TI  - Early clinical diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone. Case reports.
AB  - Two children with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with
      meningococcal septicaemia are described. The syndrome was diagnosed despite the
      patients' serum sodium concentrations being within the normal range when, with
      normal fluid intake and in the absence of hypovolaemia, they developed oliguria
      and concentrated urine. Early diagnosis prevents cerebral water intoxication and
      pulmonary oedema that may occur if hyponatraemia is allowed to develop.

PMID- 6836434
TI  - Anesthesia for caesarean section.

PMID- 6836433
TI  - Panga wounds--were these inflicted in an attempt to conceal a shooting?

PMID- 6836435
TI  - Cerebral cysticercosis presenting as senile dementia.

PMID- 6836436
TI  - Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 6836438
TI  - Pregnancy after tubal occlusion. A 5-year study.
AB  - During the 5-year period 1976--1980 9 430 patients underwent tubal occlusion at
      Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. Of these patients 24, or 2.5/1 000, became
      pregnant after the procedure. An analysis of the pregnancy rate for each method
      of tubal occlusion is reported. Bilateral tubal occlusion by laparotomy or falope
      rings has flow failure rate; cauterization has not.

PMID- 6836437
TI  - Morbidity after total abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), the commonest major gynaecological operation
      performed at the Groote Schuur and Somerset Hospitals, is associated with
      considerable financial and social problems for the family. A retrospective series
      of 300 consecutive patients who had undergone TAH is presented. This series was
      analyzed for factors influencing the prevalence of wound haematoma, sepsis and
      dehiscence, pain and decreased mobility, the main parameters of postoperative
      morbidity. The four factors found to be important in minimizing postoperative
      complications of TAH were: (i) the experience of the surgeon; (ii) the use of the
      Pfannenstiel rather than the subumbilical midline incision; (iii) closure of the
      skin with Dermalon rather than with black silk; and (iv) drainage of the wound.

PMID- 6836440
TI  - An in-service registrar-training programme in colposcopy at Groote Schuur
      Hospital. Reliability and results.
AB  - A scheme for the in-service training of registrars in colposcopic techniques was
      evaluated in a prospective study. The colposcopic interpretation was satisfactory
      in 79% of the 721 patients examined, and inappropriate treatment was avoided by
      utilizing the specified protocol of management. The value of cytological
      screening of the population is emphasized by the fact that in 95,7% of patients
      referred for colposcopy the pre-invasive cancer was not suspected on the basis of
      symptoms or the results of clinical examination.

PMID- 6836441
TI  - An evaluation of treatment modalities in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.
AB  - The scheme of management of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia presently
      utilized in the colposcopy service at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, is
      outlined, and the results of the treatment of 721 patients with the various
      modalities currently available are analysed. It is concluded that a radical
      approach (total hysterectomy was performed in 42,4% of the patients) is justified
      by the results obtained; the place of conservative methods of treatment,
      including cone biopsy, is discussed.

PMID- 6836442
TI  - Uterine contraction regularity during labour in White and Black patients.
AB  - Irregularity of uterine contractions during labour was compared in 50 White and
      50 Black patients. The standard deviation of distances between contractions as
      seen on cardiotocography and of maximal pressures was used to compare contraction
      regularity in the two groups of patients. A small standard deviation (SD)
      indicated regular contractions; a larger SD signified irregular contractions.
      Mean SDs of peak-to-peak and of base-to-base measurements were both 6,3 mm for
      White patients and both 7,6 mm for Black patients. The mean SD for maximal
      uterine pressures was 9,5 mmHg for White patients but 12,7 mmHg for Black
      patients. All these differences were statistically highly significant, and this
      implies that uterine contractions are more irregular in Black patients.

PMID- 6836439
TI  - Macroscopic and microscopic changes in the fallopian tube after bipolar
      cauterization.
AB  - A total of 43 patients who had undergone laparoscopic tubal occlusion by means of
      bipolar cauterization underwent bilateral salpingectomy 6-30 months later. The
      macroscopic and microscopic changes in the fallopian tubes are described.
      Although 35 patients appeared to have occluded tubes on macroscopic examination,
      only 22 showed occlusion on microscopic examination.

PMID- 6836443
TI  - Eclampsia--a method of management. A preliminary report.

PMID- 6836444
TI  - Serological diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy. Experiences at King Edward VIII
      Hospital, Durban.
AB  - Three different serological screening tests for syphilis were performed at the
      'booking' visit of 500 antenatal patients at the King Edward VIII Hospital,
      Durban. The prevalence of active syphilis was 7,4%. The rapid plasma reagent test
      not only had a high biological false-positive rate at 11,8%, but also failed to
      detect 18,9% of the 37 patients diagnosed as having syphilis by means of the IgM
      specific fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. The Treponema
      pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test had a similarly high biological false
      positive rate of 15,8%, but did not miss any of the 37 cases of active syphilis.
      The TPHA test is therefore advocated for screening patients for syphilis.

PMID- 6836445
TI  - The Zulu traditional birth attendant. An evaluation of her attitudes and
      techniques and their implications for health education.
AB  - Some of the important practices of Zulu traditional birth attendants in their
      care of pregnant women are summarized. This information is valuable in
      constructing the format/content of appropriate antenatal health education for
      women from rural areas. The target group for antenatal health education should
      include the opinion-formers of the community.

PMID- 6836446
TI  - The fate of women who deliver at home in rural Kwazulu. Assessment of the place
      of traditional birth attendants in the South African health services.
AB  - A community survey was carried out to establish the fate of rural Zulu women and
      their infants after home delivery. The results of a pilot project for training
      traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in the area are described. The authors
      conclude that potentially there is an important place for TBAs in the obstetric
      services of rural South Africa and recommend official recognition and preliminary
      extension of this programme.

PMID- 6836447
TI  - Origin, cellular expression, and cybrid transmission of mitochondrial CAP-R, PYR
      IND, and OLI-R mutant phenotypes.
AB  - Chloramphenicol-resistant (CAP-R) mouse and Chinese hamster lines were isolated
      in a single selection step in drug medium containing pyruvate. Cellular
      expression of the CAP-R phenotype required pyruvate--or an appropriate substitute
      -as a nutritional supplement. Subclone lines which were pyruvate independent (PYR
      IND) arose in second-step selections at a high frequency. CAP-R PYR-IND Chinese
      hamster mutants could be directly isolated in single-step selections but at a
      very low frequency. Subclone lines (OLI-R) which were cross-resistant to
      oligomycin were isolated in a third selection cycle. The PYR-IND and OLI-R
      phenotypes were cotransmitted with the CAP-R mtDNA mutation but were expressed at
      the cellular level only if the number of mutant mitochondrial genomes exceeded a
      minimum threshold value. Analysis of a mtDNA restriction fragment alteration in
      one series of mutants supported this model. Threshold limits for cellular
      expression of mitochondrial mutant phenotypes are likely to be a general
      phenomenon and will constrain models of the origin and segregation of mtDNA
      mutations.

PMID- 6836448
TI  - Protein synthesis by rat hepatoma x mouse teratocarcinoma somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - The synthesis of intracellular and secretory proteins by rat hepatoma (MHC) and
      mouse teratocarcinoma (PCC4AZAl) cells and MHC X PCC4AZAl somatic cell hybrids
      was examined with two-dimensional (O'Farrell) electrophoresis. The gels of the
      PCC4AZAl and hybrid cells were nearly identical and were quite different from
      those of the MHC cells. The teratocarcinoma phenotype was, therefore, dominant in
      the teratocarcinoma X hepatoma somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 6836450
TI  - Analysis of myogenesis by somatic cell hybridization: III. Myogenic competence of
      hybrids derived from rat L6 myoblasts and mouse primary fibroblasts and
      myoblasts.
AB  - Hybrid cells derived from rat L6 myoblasts and mouse primary fibroblasts (M x F
      hybrids), as well as those derived from rat L6 myoblasts and mouse primary
      myoblasts (M x M hybrids), were examined for their ability to engage in
      myogenesis as judged by muscle fiber formation plus the expression of skeletal
      muscle myosin and creatine kinase (CK). Of 172 primary hybrid colonies scored,
      59% were myogenic in the M x F fusion and 97% exhibited muscle fiber formation in
      the M x M fusion. Individual hybrid clones from each cross were isolated,
      expanded and analyzed for myogenic capabilities as well. All three M x M and all
      ten M x F isolated clones exhibited preferential elimination of mouse
      chromosomes. Nonetheless, all were capable of fusing spontaneously and of
      elaborating skeletal muscle myosin and CK. The three M x M hybrids expressed only
      MM-CK whereas nine out of ten M x F hybrids produced all three CK isoenzymes (MM,
      MB, BB). These results suggest that M X M hybrids express CK patterns reminiscent
      of the rat L6 parental cells while M X F hybrids apparently mimic mouse muscle
      fiber CK patterns. Various models are discussed which address these phenomena.

PMID- 6836449
TI  - Propagation of two species of mitochondrial DNA in chinese hamster-mouse somatic
      cell hybrids.
AB  - Mouse-hamster hybrid cells were analyzed for the species of mitochondrial DNA
      (mtDNA) retained using Southern blotting and hybridization with highly labeled
      mitochondrial DNA probes. Initial analyses were performed as soon as there were
      10(7) cells, which took between five and eight weeks from the time the fusion was
      performed (approximately 23 cell doublings). The majority of clones tested had
      detectable levels of both mouse and hamster mtDNA at first testing.

PMID- 6836451
TI  - Expression of a methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene by
      transformed hematopoietic cells of mice.
AB  - DNA-mediated gene transfer was used to introduce DNA from a methotrexate
      resistant mouse fibroblast cell line into mouse bone marrow cells. This cell line
      contained a methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase, active at 10(-4) M
      methotrexate, which was electrophoretically separable from the wild-type mouse
      enzyme. Transformed hematopoietic cells were returned to irradiated mice and
      selected in vivo by methotrexate administration. Some recipients of transformed
      marrow cells expressed the electrophoretically distinct, methotrexate-resistant
      dihydrofolate reductase in hematopoietic cells. These observations suggest that
      successful transformation of marrow stem cells to methotrexate resistance is
      accomplished by insertion of a dihydrofolate reductase gene coding for a mutant
      enzyme that is highly resistant to methotrexate.

PMID- 6836452
TI  - Human cell variants resistant to methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) display
      increased sensitivity to chloramphenicol.
AB  - Four variants of the cultured human cell line VA2 have been isolated which are
      resistant to the antiproliferative and antimitochondrial effects of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). Each of the four variants is two- to fivefold more
      sensitive to the mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol (CAP)
      than wild type when grown in the absence of MGBG, and five- to tenfold more
      sensitive to CAP when grown in the presence of MGBG. Uptake studies demonstrate
      that each MGBG-resistant variant cell line is freely permeable to CAP. The in
      vivo rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis are significantly reduced in each
      of the variants whether pregrown and labeled in the presence or absence of MGBG.
      When cytoplasts from a cytoplasmically inherited CAP-resistant mutant are fused
      to an MGBG-resistant recipient cell line, cybrid clones can be isolated which are
      functionally resistant to low levels of CAP. With continued growth, the levels of
      resistance to CAP do not, however, approach the levels of resistance of the CAP
      resistant donor cell line. When CAP resistance is subsequently transferred from a
      CAP/MGBG-resistant cybrid by enucleation and fusion to other human cell lines,
      then CAP-resistant cybrids can be readily selected in high levels of CAP. It is
      possible that the substantial decrease in mitochondrial protein synthesis
      observed in the variants fully accounts for their increased sensitivity to CAP,
      although the basis for this decreased rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis is
      not understood.

PMID- 6836453
TI  - Isolation of cell cycle-dependent gamma ray-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell.
AB  - A technique for the isolation of gamma ray-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cell mutants is described, which uses nylon cloth replica plating and photography
      with dark-field illumination to directly monitor colonies for growth after gamma
      irradiation. Two gamma ray-sensitive mutants were isolated using this method. One
      of these cells (XR-1) had a two-slope survival curve: an initial steep slope and
      then a flattening of the curve at about 10% survival. Subsequently, it was found
      that this cell is sensitive to gamma irradiation in G1, early S, and late G2
      phases of the cell cycle, whereas in the resistant phase (late S phase) its
      survival approaches that of the parental cells. The D37 in the sensitive G1
      period is approximately 30 rads, compared with 300 rads of the parental cell.
      This mutant cell is also sensitive to killing by the DNA breaking agent,
      bleomycin, but is relatively insensitive to UV light and ethyl methane sulfonate,
      suggesting that the defect is specific for agents that produce DNA strand
      breakage.

PMID- 6836455
TI  - Isolation and characterization of interspecific heat-resistant hybrids between a
      temperature-sensitive chinese hamster cell asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase mutant and
      normal human leukocytes: assignment of human asnS gene to chromosome 18.
AB  - We isolated interspecific somatic cell hybrids between human peripheral
      leukocytes and a temperature-sensitive CHO cell line with a thermolabile
      asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The hybrids were selected at 39 degrees C so as to
      require the expression of the human gene complementing the deficient CHO enzyme.
      In vitro heat-inactivation profiles of cell-free extracts from temperature
      resistant hybrid cells indicate the presence of two forms of asparaginyl-tRNA
      synthetase. One form is very resistant to thermal inactivation, like the normal
      human enzyme, while the other form is very thermolabile, like the altered enzyme
      from the CHO parent. Hybrids and temperature-sensitive segregants derived from
      them were analyzed for the expression of known human chromosomal marker enzymes.
      The strong correlation between the expression of the human form of asparaginyl
      tRNA synthetase and the presence of human chromosome 18 in hybrids suggests that
      the human gene, asnS, which corrects the heat-sensitive phenotype of the CHO
      asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase mutant, is located on chromosome 18.

PMID- 6836456
TI  - Genetic control of drug resistance: assignment of ama-1 to Chinese hamster
      chromosome 7, confirmation of assignment of genes coding for TK, GALK, and ACP to
      chromosome 7, and tentative assignment of TPI to chromosome 8.
AB  - The gene which specifies a subunit of RNA polymerase II, ama-1, is assigned to
      chromosome 7 in the Chinese hamster. The assignment of genes coding for TK, GALK,
      and ACP to chromosome 7 is confirmed, with a provisional regional assignment of
      TK and GALK to 7q. On the basis of one clone with six subclones, a provisional
      assignment of TPI to Chinese hamster chromosome 8 is made. With the assignment of
      tk and ama-1 to chromosome 7 in the CHO cell line Ama1, this chromosome is shown
      to have two selectable markers.

PMID- 6836457
TI  - Isolation of mutants of CHO cells resistant to 6(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil I. A
      novel BrdU cross-resistant phenotype.
AB  - Three classes of mutants resistant to the drug 6(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil have
      been isolated from mutagenized cultures of CHO cells. One class of these mutants
      designated HPURA exhibits a unique form of cross-resistance to bromodeoxyuridine
      in that it is resistant to this drug only in the presence of thymidine. The
      molecular basis of the BrdU resistance is unknown but does not appear to involve
      the known targets of the drug. An interesting feature of these mutants is that
      they give rise, at a high frequency, to a subpopulation of cells which are much
      more resistant to BrdU.

PMID- 6836454
TI  - Chromosome-mediated gene transfer of HPRT and APRT in an intraspecific human cell
      system.
AB  - Chromosome-mediated transfer of genes between human cell lines was accomplished
      using HeLa cells as chromosome donors and HT1080 fibrosarcoma lines as
      recipients. This report describes the intraspecific transfer of two genetic
      markers, hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT+) and adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT+). The isolation and characterization of the
      necessary enzyme-deficient (HPRT- and APRT-) recipient HT1080 cell lines are also
      described. The chromosome-mediated gene transfer was carried out using a
      modification of the procedure of Miller and Ruddle, including treatment of the
      donor chromosomes with calcium phosphate and subsequent exposure of the recipient
      cells of dimethyl sulfoxide. In experiments to optimize this procedure for HT1080
      cell recipients, we found that a brief (2-min) exposure to high DMSO
      concentration (20%) was effective for enhancing transfer efficiencies in this
      system. Transfer frequencies (transferents per recipient cells assayed) averaged
      approximately 1 x 10(-6) for HPRT+ and were greater than 2 x 10(-6) for APRT+.

PMID- 6836458
TI  - Isolation of mutants of CHO cells resistant to 6 (p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil II.
      Mutants auxotrophic for deoxypyrimidines.
AB  - Two classes of CHO mutants resistant to the drug 6(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil
      have been characterized. Both classes exhibited a nutritional requirement that
      could be satisfied by deoxypyrimidines and uridine but not other ribopyrimidines.
      A biochemical investigation of these mutants revealed a structural defect in
      ribonucleotide reductase resulting in a two- to fourfold increase in the Km for
      UDP and CDP. As a consequence of this lesion, the cells had imbalanced
      deoxypyrimidine pools and showed an increase in the rate of spontaneous mutation
      to 6-thioguanine resistance but not emetine resistance.

PMID- 6836459
TI  - Aspirin usage and perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing unexpected
      operations.
AB  - The effect of aspirin on perioperative blood loss was studied in 52 patients
      undergoing unplanned operation. Twenty-two of 52 patients were found to have
      taken aspirin prior to operation. Five others were suspected of having taken
      aspirin or some aspirin-like drug prior to operation. All patients who remembered
      taking aspirin preoperatively had significantly decreased platelet thromboxane B2
      levels caused by aspirin inhibition of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism.
      Eight of 22 patients who took aspirin had abnormal template bleeding times. No
      significant increase occurred in the perioperative blood loss of patients who had
      taken aspirin. Neither the aspirin induced decrease in thromboxane B2 levels nor
      the increase in template bleeding times was associated with an increased
      perioperative blood loss. We concluded that aspirin is commonly used prior to
      unplanned operations but that preoperative aspirin usage does not result in
      increased perioperative blood loss in patients with normal platelet counts and
      with normal coagulation factors. These results suggest that there is no need to
      delay operation in this group of patients because of recent aspirin ingestion.

PMID- 6836460
TI  - Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy from a lower abdominal transverse skin incision
      and pararectal approach.

PMID- 6836461
TI  - Management of foreign bodies and trauma of the rectum.
AB  - A series of 101 patients with trauma of the rectum, secondary to homosexual
      practices, presenting at this hospital and medical center is reviewed. Two
      patients were injured twice. Thirty-six patients had retained foreign bodies in
      the rectum, 55 had lacerations of the mucosa, two had disruptions of the anal
      sphincter and ten had perforations of the rectosigmoid. The majority of retained
      foreign bodies can be removed on an outpatient basis. If removal is not
      immediately possible, the patient should be admitted for observation and removal
      of the foreign body transanally under anesthesia. Routine sigmoidoscopic
      examination is performed after removal. Removal seldom requires laparotomy.
      Simple nonbleeding lacerations of the mucosa can be managed on an outpatient
      basis. Patients with abdominal pain, fever, continued bleeding, large lacerations
      or tear of the sphincter should be admitted and observed or operated upon, or
      both, as needed. Serious injuries, secondary to homosexual acts, can and do
      occur, as evidenced by the mortality reported in this series. Perforations of the
      rectosigmoid above the peritoneal reflection can be treated by laparotomy, repair
      of the perforation, removal of gross contamination by irrigation, proximal loop
      colostomy and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Perforations below the peritoneal
      reflection are challenging instances which require individualized management.

PMID- 6836463
TI  - A comparison of morbidity following transrectal and transperineal prostatic
      needle biopsy.

PMID- 6836462
TI  - Peritoneal lavage as a primary treatment in acute fulminant pancreatitis.

PMID- 6836464
TI  - Abdominal complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts with emphasis on the role
      of imaging methods.
AB  - Four hundred ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures in 280 patients were
      retrospectively evaluated regarding complications relating to the peritoneal end
      of the catheter. There were 100 complications requiring 120 surgical revisions.
      Common complications consisted of mechanical shunt malfunction in 28, catheter
      tip occlusion in 40 and shunt infection in 25. In addition, there were abdominal
      cerebrospinal fluid loculations and pseudocysts formation in seven patients,
      intestinal perforation, migration of shunt tip in the right pleural cavity and
      intractable ascites in one patient each. The currently available diagnostic
      imaging modalities by which the peritoneal end of a malfunctioning
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt can be evaluated are reviewed.

PMID- 6836466
TI  - Lithotomy of intrahepatic and choledochal stones with Yag laser.
AB  - Eight patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones and three with choledochal
      stones were treated by Yag laser using a choledochofiberscope. A choledochoscope
      was inserted through a T-tube fistula in five patients or a percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiodrainage fistula in six patients. In one patient, right
      partial lobectomy of the liver was performed after most of the stones were
      withdrawn, since some stones in the extremely narrow bile duct had not been
      removed. Most of the intrahepatic bile duct stones and choledochal stones will be
      withdrawn using the Yag laser and a choledochofiberscope, when they were
      bilirubin stones.

PMID- 6836465
TI  - Intramural intestinal gas in adults.
AB  - It is important that a routine search be done roentgenographically for intramural
      intestinal gas. Several different patterns may be present, but unfortunately,
      classification of the findings is not helpful in predicting either the cause, or
      the presence, of gangrene. Also, the clinical circumstances in which intramural
      intestinal gas is discovered are important--if seen in a patient with acute pain
      in the abdomen, panmural gangrene is nearly always present and early operation
      desirable. However, if first discovered in the early postoperative period, a more
      selective approach is possible. Although many of the patients with intramural
      intestinal gas died, approximately one-quarter will survive. Hopefully, more
      timely recognition of intramural intestinal gas will allow earlier surgical
      intervention in some patients with ischemia of the intestine.

PMID- 6836467
TI  - The incidence of local recurrence of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 6836468
TI  - A simple treatment for pneumothorax.

PMID- 6836469
TI  - Usefulness of mammographic localizing wire in resecting palpable lesions of the
      breast.

PMID- 6836470
TI  - Formal dilation after gastric partitioning.
AB  - The use of the endoscopy, the biopsy forceps used as a guidewire and a tape wrap
      added to the endoscope for dilation have been utilized to evaluate and treat
      stomal stenosis following gastric partitioning in five patients without further
      complication or morbidity. A tapered dilator may be created during the procedure
      by wrapping the endoscope with electrical tape to obtain the necessary diameter
      for widening of the stomal opening. This maneuver has effectively removed the
      risk of reoperation and prolonged hospitalization for the postoperative patient
      with narrowing of the stoma.

PMID- 6836471
TI  - A simple method for reversal of gastric partitioning.
AB  - Gastric partitioning for morbid obesity must be operatively reserved occasionally
      for mechanical or psychiatric reasons. In this report, a simple technique is
      discussed for gastroplasty takedown, based upon an anterior gastrogastrostomy
      which bypasses the original staple line. The procedure can be effectively used
      after both transverse and vertical partitioning.

PMID- 6836472
TI  - Illumination and access for transaxillary thoracic sympathectomy.

PMID- 6836473
TI  - A further note on the large needle biopsy of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 6836475
TI  - Epidermoid tumor presenting as painful tic convulsif.
AB  - A 49-year-old man with an epidermoid tumor had a hemifacial spasm on the left and
      ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia--i.e., painful tic convulsif. Computed
      tomography scanning after metrizamide enhancement clearly demonstrated a
      cerebellopontine angle tumor. In the year since complete removal of the
      epidermoid tumor, the patient has been relieved of the facial pain and the
      hemifacial spasm is improved with decreased frequency of the spasm.

PMID- 6836474
TI  - Subdural hematomas. I. Acute subdural hematoma: progress in definition, clinical
      pathology, and therapy.
AB  - A series of 206 patients with clotted subdural hematomas operated within 3 days
      of closed head injury is presented. Sixty-two percent (128) were operated within
      24 hours of trauma (acute subdural hematoma) carrying a high incidence of
      sterotypic motor posturing, impaired oculomotor reflexes, and unilateral dilated
      fixed pupil. A functional recovery occurred in 27% and a vegetative state or
      death resulted in 62%. The remaining 38% were operated after 24 but within 72
      hours from injury (early subacute subdural hematoma) and generally had less
      severe neurologic dysfunction. A functional recovery occurred in 54% and
      vegetative state or death in 34%. The 128 acute cases are presented in detail to
      establish a logical basis for time differential. The cases requiring operation
      within 12 hours of injury were the most challenging. Improved outcome is felt to
      result from prompt referral and large craniotomy in the earliest hours after
      injury, combined with careful postoperative monitoring. Clinical, operative and
      autopsy findings are presented and discussed in relation to pathogenesis.

PMID- 6836476
TI  - Extravasation of contrast medium during both computed tomography and cerebral
      angiography.

PMID- 6836477
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage in sickle-cell anemia.

PMID- 6836478
TI  - Elimination of root regeneration in studies of spinal cord regeneration.
AB  - In experimental studies of spinal cord regeneration, dorsal root regeneration can
      be erroneously interpreted as regeneration of the central axons. The present
      study explored the possibility of eliminating root regeneration by preliminary
      bilateral division of the L-1 and L-2 roots. Clinical performance as measured by
      the inclined plane technique showed that root transection significantly reduced
      motor function (p less than 0.01). As expected, root transection produced
      atrophic changes in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, but in some animals
      there were more diffuse changes in the spinal cord, possibly due to a vascular
      injury. Thus, root transection is not a good adjunct to regeneration of the
      spinal cord because the procedure induces deleterious clinical and histologic
      effects.

PMID- 6836479
TI  - Familial intracranial aneurysms: report of four families.
AB  - The authors describe eight cases of familial intracranial aneurysms occurring in
      four families. In the literature reviewed, familial aneurysms have different
      characteristics in that the incidence of the anterior communicating aneurysms is
      lower and that of the middle cerebral aneurysms is somewhat higher, and the age
      of patients at diagnosis is often younger. Although the number of patients is
      few, our study does not support these characteristics. A family history of
      intracranial aneurysms should include such high-risk factors as polycystic
      kidneys, coarctation of the aorta, fibromuscular dysplasia, and other connective
      tissue disorders.

PMID- 6836480
TI  - Persistent trigeminal artery variant. Carotid-anterior inferior cerebellar artery
      anastomosis.

PMID- 6836482
TI  - Saccular aneurysm arising from a fenestrated anterior cerebral artery.

PMID- 6836481
TI  - Foster-Kennedy syndrome caused by solitary intracranial plasmacytoma.
AB  - The first case of typical Foster-Kennedy syndrome, including decreased olfaction
      of the side of the optic atrophy due to a primary solitary intracranial
      extraskeletal plasmacytoma, is reported. Its appearance on a computed tomography
      scan was compatible with a meningioma or subdural hematoma. The patient
      demonstrated a chronic, corticosteroid-sensitive, relapsing optic neuropathy
      associated with an elevated sedimentation rate and a monoclonal gammopathy. The
      diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of such tumors are reviewed.

PMID- 6836483
TI  - Osteoblastoma of the third lumbar vertebra.

PMID- 6836485
TI  - Recurrence of a meningioma at an extracranial site.

PMID- 6836484
TI  - Cavernous sinus syndrome due to prolactinoma: resolution with bromocriptine.
AB  - Cavernous sinus syndrome due to a pituitary tumor is quite rare. Our patient had
      a large prolacinoma that extended superiorly, causing bitemporal visual field
      defects, and laterally into the right cavernous sinus, causing tearing,
      dysesthesia in the distribution of the fifth cranial nerve, a loss of the corneal
      reflex, and a sixth cranial nerve palsy. Prolactin levels ranged between 800 and
      1000 ng/mL. Treatment with 7.5 mg of bromocriptine daily caused a marked
      reduction in the size of the tumor and resolution of her visual field defects and
      cranial nerve dysfunction over 6 months. We feel that bromocriptine should be
      considered as initial therapy for patients with prolactinomas extending into the
      middle or posterior cranial fossae.

PMID- 6836486
TI  - Sinus Pericranii.
AB  - Two cases of sinus pericranii are reported. X-ray films, taken with the direct
      injection of contrast medium into the extracranial blood cavity, made
      visualization of the intracranial venous systems possible in both cases. The
      pericranial blood sinuses were totally removed and communications through the
      osseous holes were closed with bone wax. The pericranial blood sinuses,
      surrounded by connective tissues, were located mainly in the subgaleal and
      supraperiosteal space. The literature is reviewed.

PMID- 6836487
TI  - Dense cystic craniopharyngioma with unusual extensions.

PMID- 6836488
TI  - Treatment of prolactinomas.

PMID- 6836489
TI  - Preliminary experiences with "real-time" intraoperative ultrasonography
      associated to the laser and the ultrasonic aspirator in neurosurgery.
AB  - Twelve cerebral lesions were operated upon with various laser sources (carbon
      dioxide, neodymium-yttrium-argon-garnet, and argon) and with an ultrasonic
      aspirator utilizing the intraoperative "real-time" ultrasonography. With the last
      method, the tumor was imaged just as well through the intact dura mater as on the
      brain surface itself, allowing a precise localization of deep intracranial
      lesions. A sharp selectivity on the healthy tissues is, in this way, achievable
      to reach the tumor, which is successively removed with the laser and ultrasonic
      aspirator checking the surgical maneuvers on the visual control of the
      ultrasonograph.

PMID- 6836490
TI  - Nonsurgical treatment of huge suprasellar germinoma.
AB  - A case describing a huge, suprasellar germinoma with subfrontal extension that
      produced striking emaciation of the patient as an initial symptom is discussed.
      Diagnosis of germinoma was made on the basis of a computed tomography scan and
      cytology of the ventricular fluid. The tumor responded well to radiation
      treatment, which may indicate that it is not always necessary to reduce tumor
      bulk by direct surgical intervention before radiation therapy.

PMID- 6836491
TI  - Microsurgical anterior cervical disk removal without interbody infusion.
AB  - A series of 57 patients with root syndromes or compressive myelopathy were
      operated upon by a modified Cloward technique. No bone grafts were used. The
      patients were observed for 6 months to 5 years after surgery. Of the 47 patients
      with radiculopathy, 44 were cured and three complained of minor pains in their
      arms. Of the 10 patients with myelopathy, three were greatly improved, five were
      slightly improved, and two remained unchanged. In 100% of these cases,
      immobilization of the involved interspace occurred within a year. The surgical
      technique is discussed.

PMID- 6836492
TI  - A 32-year experience with the surgical treatment of selected brachial plexus
      lesions with emphasis on its reconstruction.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with brachial plexus injury were treated by anastomosis,
      neurolysis, and calvicular decompression. The patients treated by anastomosis are
      described in detail because evidence of regrowth of axons across the anastomosis
      can be documented, whereas the effects of neurolysis are difficult to judge. The
      techniques of brachial plexus reconstruction are illustrated. Clinical
      improvement occurred in 93% of patients treated with anastomosis, 89% of those
      treated with neurolysis, and 100% of those treated with decompression.
      Electromyographic studies provided valuable information in assessment before and
      after surgery. The benefits of surgical therapy of brachial plexus injuries
      outweigh the risks in carefully selected patients.

PMID- 6836493
TI  - Trigeminal neurinoma revealed by intratumoral hemorrhage following a minor head
      injury.
AB  - A trigeminal neurinoma which produced the signs and symptoms of a localized
      intratumoral hemorrhage without showing any extratumoral hemorrhage successive to
      a minor head injury is reported here. A 33-year-old man noticed pain and
      hypesthesia on the right side of the forehead and double vision on the day
      following an occipital trauma. A computed tomographic scan demonstrated a large
      high-density mass in the anterior part of the right cerebellopontine angle. A
      diagnosis of trigeminal neurinoma was made and the tumor was successfully
      removed. The largest part of the tumor consisted of a blood clot and necrotic
      tissue. In this case of minor head injury, the intratumoral hemorrhage was
      thought to have occurred as a result of obliteration of the lumen followed by
      recanalization of the meningeal vessels enclosed in the tumor by the growing
      neurinoma and distal vessel necrosis. Such a case of trigeminal neurinoma which
      revealed itself through intratumoral hemorrhage following a minor head injury has
      not been previously reported.

PMID- 6836494
TI  - Trigeminal neurinoma with unusual presentation. Report of a case with trigeminal
      somatosensory-evoked response.
AB  - A patient with trigeminal neurinoma, presenting unusual symptoms, is described.
      There was no trigeminal sensory or motor deficit. The only presenting symptoms
      were unilateral abducens nerve paresis and alternating hemiplegic episodes. The
      trigeminal somatosensory-evoked response was normal before surgery. After
      complete removal of the tumor from both the posterior and middle cranial fossae,
      severe trigeminal sensory deficit ensued, accompanied by impairment of the evoked
      response. Improvement of the trigeminal nerve function could be predicted by
      significant changes in a repeat trigeminal sensory-evoked response obtained 2
      months after the operation.

PMID- 6836496
TI  - Pupillary sparing oculomotor palsy from metastatic carcinoma.
AB  - A 60-year-old male with adenocarcinoma of the rectum had the acute onset of
      complete oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing. Computed tomography scan and
      sellar tomograms demonstrated an ipsilateral parasellar mass with bony
      destruction. This case illustrates the need for a thorough search for metastatic
      disease in patients with third nerve palsy and known carcinoma.

PMID- 6836495
TI  - Fatiguing weakness: an initial symptom in cervical compressive radiculopathy.
AB  - Exercise-induced weakness (fatiguing) is described in three patients with
      cervical compressive radiculopathy. In all three cases, the patients had symptoms
      only while at work, and in two cases, symptoms occurred in life-threatening
      situations. All patients had seen several physicians with a functional diagnosis
      being considered in all cases because of symptoms only at work and the absence of
      objective findings during examination. Precise history and examination techniques
      led to the correct diagnosis and treatment after appropriate investigation. The
      fatiguing weakness in our cases is thought to be a manifestation of early or mild
      neurologic involvement unmasked by exercise, rather than a manifestation of
      compression or ischemia.

PMID- 6836497
TI  - Extracerebral cavernous hemangioma of the middle cranial fossa.

PMID- 6836498
TI  - Unnecessary tragedies.

PMID- 6836499
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms--some important statistics.

PMID- 6836500
TI  - Who's on first?--the traumatologist versus the neurosurgeon.

PMID- 6836502
TI  - Complications from Depo-Medrol R.

PMID- 6836503
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the pericardium.
AB  - Patients with traumatic rupture of the pericardium rarely survive to reach a
      hospital. Ten cases from the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services
      Systems and 132 previously published cases are reviewed. Patients were usually
      men who were victims of violent thoracic trauma. The median age was 40 years.
      Half of the patients had left pleuropericardial tears; tears of the diaphragmatic
      pericardium, right pleuropericardium, and superior mediastinal pericardium were
      less frequent. Associated injuries of the heart or left hemidiaphragm were
      common. Pericardial rupture was usually discovered during surgical exploration
      for other indications, but physical or radiographic signs were occasionally
      present. Repair is indicated for most pericardial tears to prevent herniation of
      the heart or abdominal viscera.

PMID- 6836501
TI  - Ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 6836506
TI  - Early detection of hemorrhagic hypovolemia by muscle oxygen pressure assessment:
      preliminary report.
AB  - Skeletal muscle PO2 was studied during graded hemorrhagic shock in Labrador dogs
      by means of a polarographic needle PO2 electrode. Compared to hemodynamic, blood
      gas, biochemical, and hematologic variables, a shift to the left of the
      cumulative histogram of skeletal muscle PO2 was the earliest and most sensitive
      indicator of impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation. The mean arterial blood
      pressure and the mean of the medians of the skeletal muscle PO2, respectively,
      were as follows: during the control period 125 and 38.1 mm Hg, during the
      imminent shock period 143 and 24.5 mm Hg, and during the shock period 89 and 5.1
      mm Hg. This electrode is suitable for clinical use.

PMID- 6836507
TI  - Role of bile salts and trypsin in the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline
      esophagitis.
AB  - The pathogenesis of alkaline reflux esophagitis was investigated in an
      experimental model by assessing individually the influence of different bile salt
      moieties and trypsin on esophageal mucosa. An isolated segment of rabbit
      esophagus was perfused at pH 7 with a solution containing the test agent under
      study, and the severity of mucosal damage was assessed by using as indicators of
      mucosal integrity transmucosal potential difference, net flux of Na+, and mucosal
      permeability to two neutral molecules of different sizes, 3H-H2O and 14C
      erythritol. The data indicate that the secondary dihydroxy bile salt,
      deoxycholate, in its deconjugated form was highly injurious to esophageal mucosa;
      it was the only test agent that caused gross mucosal lesions during the
      experiment. The respective conjugated bile salt moiety, taurodeoxycholate, had a
      weaker effect. Also the primary dihydroxy bile salt, chenodeoxycholate, in its
      deconjugated form caused moderate damage to the mucosa, whereas its conjugated
      form, taurochenodeoxycholate, had no effect. The effect of the other three bile
      salts tested--cholate, taurocholate, and taurolithocholate--was negligible.
      Trypsin also adversely affected the mucosa, but its effect was weaker than that
      of deoxycholate. The results suggest that the deconjugated bile salts
      deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholate (which are formed following bacterial
      colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the absence of gastric acid),
      the conjugated bile salt taurodeoxycholate, and the proteolytic enzyme trypsin
      may have significant roles in the pathogenesis of alkaline reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 6836504
TI  - Campylobacter colitis mimicking colonic cancer during barium enema examination.

PMID- 6836508
TI  - Comparison of Greenfield filter and vena caval ligation for experimental septic
      thromboembolism.
AB  - Septic thromboembolism resulting from the placement of infected autologous
      thrombi was studied in three groups of ten dogs each following vena caval
      ligation (VCL) or Greenfield filter (GF) placement with or without antibiotic
      treatment. All the dogs that did not receive antibiotic therapy died, and the
      shortest survival time was after acute VCL. Dogs with GF and with delayed
      embolism after VCL survived significantly longer than did the control animals.
      Antibiotic therapy consisting of ampicillin and clindamycin resulted in survival
      except for one control dog with lung abscess. Cultures of the GF and contained
      thrombus were negative after 2 weeks. However, after VCL, two died of sepsis and
      two survivors had caval abscess. In a group of six dogs with VCL and delayed
      embolism, there were four deaths from sepsis and one survivor found to have a
      caval abscess. To test secondary infection of a trapped thrombus, in 12 dogs with
      GF and a sterile thrombus we created an extremity abscess with a fecally
      contaminated sponge, which resulted in death from sepsis in six animals within 3
      days. Surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment of the remaining six resulted in
      survival in five dogs. Cultures of filters and emboli showed heavy contamination
      in the untreated animals and in one treated dog that died within 24 hours. The
      remainder had sterile filters and emboli. The presence of sepsis does not
      preclude use of the Greenfield filter, which is well tolerated in the face of
      septic embolism and allows sterilization with antibiotic treatment. Prophylactic
      antibiotic therapy seems advisable for any patient with a filter during a
      procedure that may produce bacteremia.

PMID- 6836505
TI  - Adaptation to amino acid infusion in patients undergoing operation.
AB  - Urine ketone levels were measured in patients receiving peripheral amino acid
      solutions, and the results were correlated with changes in nitrogen balance.
      Thirty well-nourished patients who were to undergo cystectomy were placed on
      liquid, noncarbohydrate diets 3 days before operation, and no oral intake was
      allowed until 7 days after operation. Crystalline amino acid (1.3 to 1.5
      gm/kg/day) solutions were infused continuously from 3 days before to 7 days after
      operation. Blood was obtained 3 days before and 3, 7, and 10 days after
      operation; 24-hour urine outputs were determined daily. Qualitative urine acetone
      levels were determined four times daily. During the infusion period, 14 (47%)
      patients developed ketonuria (group I); 16 patients did not (group II). The mean
      serum glucose levels ranged from 99 to 107 mg/dl in group I and from 108 to 113
      mg/dl in group II (P less than 0.05). The mean serum transferrin level decreased
      after operation to 117 mg/dl in group I and 97 mg/dl in group II. The mean
      cumulative adjusted nitrogen balance was -24 +/- 8 gm in group I and -47 +/- 9 gm
      in group II (P less than 0.05). No patient developed sepsis. Qualitative testing
      of urinary ketones correlated with significant alterations in blood urea
      nitrogen, serum glucose, transferrin, and cumulative adjusted nitrogen balance.
      The bedside determination of urinary ketones may be useful in assessing a
      patient's adaptation to peripheral amino acid infusions.

PMID- 6836509
TI  - Sphincter incompetence caused by common bile duct stones.

PMID- 6836510
TI  - Response of an abdominal aortic thrombotic occlusion to local low-dose
      streptokinase therapy.
AB  - Local low-dose streptokinase infusion (5000 to 6000 IU/hr) as compared to
      systemic streptokinase infusion (loading dose 250,000 IU/hr, maintenance dose
      100,000 IU/hr) successfully relieved a total thrombotic abdominal aortic
      occlusion. No complications of bleeding or distal embolization occurred during
      streptokinase therapy, which required only 8 days of hospitalization. When seen
      at 4 months after streptokinase infusion, the patient was still free of symptoms.
      When no immediate threat of ischemic limb loss exists, streptokinase may offer a
      promising therapeutic alternative to surgical intervention for patients who
      represent a poor operative risk.

PMID- 6836511
TI  - The academic surgical internship: a long-term follow-up.

PMID- 6836512
TI  - An unusual case of renal artery hypertension.

PMID- 6836513
TI  - Safe division of the renal vein with a solitary left kidney.

PMID- 6836514
TI  - [Transesophageal electrical cardiostimulation in sinus bradycardia during
      anesthesia].

PMID- 6836515
TI  - [The HB antigen system in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 6836516
TI  - [Endocrinological characteristics of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 6836518
TI  - [Subacute or protracted infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 6836517
TI  - [Macrophagal tumors].

PMID- 6836519
TI  - [Acute pathology and the problems in the prevention of chronic diseases].

PMID- 6836522
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiovascular and respiratory function in postinfarct
      cardiosclerosis patients in the polyclinic].

PMID- 6836520
TI  - [Possible means of decreasing postinjection suppurative pathology in patients].

PMID- 6836523
TI  - [Long-term observations on ECG changes in chronic ischemic heart disease with a
      lesion of one of the coronary arteries].

PMID- 6836524
TI  - [Outpatient management of patients with a mild form of arterial hypertension
      without using hypotensive drugs at an industrial establishment].

PMID- 6836525
TI  - [Problems in preventive medicine from the viewpoint of specialization and
      integration].

PMID- 6836521
TI  - [Analysis of the quality of diagnosis in infectious diseases by physicians in
      polyclinic networks].

PMID- 6836526
TI  - [Assessment of the effectiveness of arterial hypertension control in an organized
      population by cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. I. A comparative assessment
      of patient groups differing in their response to a preventive program].

PMID- 6836527
TI  - [Systemic arterial hypertension and lung disease].

PMID- 6836529
TI  - [Attitude to health problems of persons refusing to participate in prophylactic
      examinations].

PMID- 6836530
TI  - [Interaction of diseases and the mechanisms of their mutual effects].

PMID- 6836531
TI  - [Gerontology in the '80s].

PMID- 6836528
TI  - [Smoking and social demographic characteristics (data from a cooperative study in
      Moscow and Kaunas)].

PMID- 6836532
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in rheumatic defects in adults, the middle-aged and
      elderly].

PMID- 6836533
TI  - [Pulmonary hypertension in the surgery of congenital heart defects].

PMID- 6836534
TI  - [Familial hypercholesterolemia (clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment)].

PMID- 6836535
TI  - [Development of the prophylactic trend in rheumatology].

PMID- 6836536
TI  - The Texas Newborn Screening Program.

PMID- 6836538
TI  - Surgical treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 6836537
TI  - Anemia in the newborn: a diagnostic approach.

PMID- 6836540
TI  - Benevolent fund aids needy physicians, families.

PMID- 6836539
TI  - Evaluation and selection of a medical office computer.

PMID- 6836541
TI  - Abuse of the elderly & children--the physician's role in detection & prevention.

PMID- 6836542
TI  - Covalently bound conjugates of albumin and heparin: synthesis, fractionation and
      characterization.
AB  - Covalently bound conjugates of human serum albumin and heparin were prepared as
      compounds which could improve the blood-compatibility of polymer surfaces either
      by preadsorption or by covalent coupling of the conjugates onto blood contacting
      surfaces. The conjugates (10-16 weight % of heparin) were obtained by a
      condensation reaction between albumin and heparin using 1-ethyl-3
      (dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. Unreacted albumin and heparin were removed by
      diethyl-aminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Cibacron Blue Sepharose chromatography
      respectively. The activity of the heparin component incorporated in the albumin
      heparin conjugates (Ac) was compared with that of the heparin used for the
      synthesis of the conjugates (Anat) by thrombin time, inhibition of Factor Xa and
      the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assays. The Ac/Anat ratio for
      the above assays was as follows: Thrombin time 1.25, Factor Xa inhibition 0.5.
      and APTT 0.5. Gel filtration chromatography showed broad-molecular weight
      distributions. The conjugates were fractionated using immobilized antithrombin
      III (ATIII). High ATIII and low ATIII affinity conjugate fractions showed the
      same behavior as ATIII fractionated heparin with respect to thrombin times and
      Factor Xa inhibition.

PMID- 6836543
TI  - Effects of lipopolysaccharide on human endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in concentrations up to 10 micrograms/ml did not induce
      detectable direct cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein, pulmonary artery, or
      pulmonary vein endothelial cells. By contrast, significant cytotoxicity was
      observed in bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to LPS 0.01 micrograms/ml.
      Transmission electron microscopy of human umbilical vein cells exposed to LPS 10
      micrograms/ml for 4 days revealed no significant ultrastructural abnormalities
      compared to control cells. Whereas human umbilical vein endothelial cell
      cytotoxicity was observed when neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol myristate
      acetate, LPS-stimulated neutrophils did not induce significant cytotoxicity even
      in the presence of fresh human serum as a complement source. Moreover, human
      umbilical vein endothelial cell factor VIII-antigen and fibronectin release,
      angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and PGI2 release were unaffected by a 24
      hour exposure to LPS. Cytotoxicity, however, was produced when human umbilical
      vein endothelial cells were coincubated with LPS and cycloheximide. The
      proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was also inhibited after
      prolonged, continuous exposure to LPS 10 micrograms/ml. We conclude that LPS with
      or without complement or neutrophils does not induce significant human
      endothelial cell lysis or detachment. Moreover, brief exposure to LPS has
      minimal, direct effect on several functions of human endothelial cells in vitro.

PMID- 6836544
TI  - Activation of platelets in cancer, especially with reference to genesis of
      disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Seventy-five cancer patients were evaluated on a scale of coagulation
      abnormalities related to DIC, one point given for each of the following criteria
      fulfilled and the score (0 to 4) being used. 1. Platelet count less than 150 x
      10(3)/mu 1. 2. PT prolonged more than 1 sec over control or APTT prolonged more
      than 10 sec over control. 3. Fibrinogen less than 250 mg/dl (mean fibrinogen
      value of the cancer patients minus 1SD). 4. FDP greater than or equal to 20
      micrograms/ml. The patients were distributed with 27% for score 0, 38% for 1, 20%
      for 2, 7% for 3 and 8% for 4. Platelet mode volume in score 4 was smaller than
      that of the other groups. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was decreased in
      score 3 and 4 (P less than 0.01), while it was increased in score 0 (P less than
      0.05). ADP-induced aggregation was increased in score 0 and 1 (P less than 0.01 -
      0.05). The mean value of beta-thromboglobulin in cancer patients (44 +/- 24
      ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of control (22 +/- 13 ng/ml) (P less
      than 0.01). These results suggest the existence of hyperfunction of platelets in
      cancer patients and possibility of a triggering mechanism of such activated
      platelets in the genesis of DIC in cancer.

PMID- 6836545
TI  - The inhibitory effect of dilazep on in vivo accumulation of platelets onto the
      damaged aorta in rabbit. II. Morphological analysis.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of dilazep on platelet adhesion and aggregation onto the
      damaged aorta was morphologically investigated using an animal model of
      thrombosis in which polyethylene tubing was inserted into the rabbit aorta in
      order to injure the intima. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups, control and
      dilazep-treated groups. The aortas 60 minutes after insertion of tubing were
      examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. An amount of
      adhered and aggregated platelets onto the exposed subendothelial surface of the
      aorta in rabbits pretreated with dilazep 100 micrograms/kg was significantly less
      than in control rabbits. Fibrin formation was also sparse in the mural thrombi in
      dilazep-treated group compared to that in control group. The results show that
      dilazep has the definite inhibitory effect in early mural thrombogenesis
      following the endothelial denudation in rabbit.

PMID- 6836547
TI  - Inhibitory effect of i.v. acetylsalicylic acid on the generalized shwartzman
      reaction in the rabbit.

PMID- 6836546
TI  - The role of platelet factor V in prothrombin conversion.
AB  - The contribution of platelet factor V to prothrombin conversion was studied in a
      purified two-stage system designed to measure the ability of factor V to
      accelerate prothrombin conversion. When unstimulated gel-filtered platelets (GFP)
      were substituted for both factor V and phospholipid, thrombin evolution was
      linear following a long lag time. Gel filtration resulted in considerable
      phospholipid availability with minimal factor V release. Incubating platelets
      with collagen in increasing concentrations resulted in marked shortening of the
      lag time, an increase in the initial rate of thrombin formation, and release of
      platelet factor V. The inhibition of thrombin formation by preincubation of the
      platelets with metabolic inhibitors is consistent with previous observations that
      factor V is released from alpha-granules by collagen in a process requiring
      metabolic energy. Released platelet factor V added to metabolically inhibited
      platelets reproduces the acceleration of prothrombin conversion demonstrated in
      GFP incubated with collagen. Furthermore no acceleration of the clotting time at
      collagen concentrations used in this study was demonstrated in an assay designed
      to measure available platelet phospholipid in the presence of excess factor V.
      The rate of increased thrombin generation produced by collagen stimulation is
      primarily due to released platelet factor V in the system employed.

PMID- 6836548
TI  - Laboratory monitoring of continuous intravenous heparin therapy.

PMID- 6836550
TI  - [Declawing in cats?].
AB  - Those forms of behaviour in which cats use their claws are reviewed. Forms of
      undesirable use of the claws and possible solutions to this problem are
      discussed. An inquiry among veterinary practitioners showed that nearly fifty per
      cent of these practitioners refused to declaw cats on principle. Approximately
      seventy-five per cent of the veterinarians taking part in the inquiry advocated
      that the Royal Netherlands Veterinary Association should state its position with
      regard to declawing. It is concluded by the present author that declawing is
      unacceptable for ethical and ethological reasons.

PMID- 6836549
TI  - [The occurrence of antibodies to various Leptospira serotypes in swine in The
      Netherlands in the period 1975-1980].
AB  - A total number of 18.675 sera of pigs were examined for the presence of
      antibodies to various serotypes of Leptospira in the Netherlands during the
      period from 1975 to 1980. The study showed an average of 21 per cent of positive
      serological findings. The distribution of these findings amongst the various
      serotypes of Leptospira was as follows: L. bratislava 39%; L tarassovi 22%; L.
      ballum 15% and L. icterohaemorrhagiae 12%. The combined other serotypes scored
      approximately 12%. The percentage of serologically positive animals having a
      history of abortion was approximately 23%. 23% up to 1978. In 1979, it fell to
      11%, and it increased again to 32% in 1980. The common serotypes of Leptospira in
      sows which aborted were L. bratislava, L. tarassovi, L. ballum and L.
      icterohaemorrhagiae. L. pomona, L. australis, L. canicola and L. hardjo were rare
      but were identified in a few cases. It is recommended that measures should be
      adopted to prevent the introduction of these serotypes.

PMID- 6836551
TI  - [Chloramphenicol excretion in milk studied with a FAST (fully automated sample
      treatment) liquid chromatography method. Preliminary communication].
AB  - The concentration of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk following parenteral
      administration to cows was determined by FAST Liquid Chromatography. This method
      is 200 times more sensitive than microbiological procedures and may be used in
      examination on an extensive scale. The lowest detection limit is 0.05 ppm.
      Residues of CAP could be detected in the milk up to and including 32 hours after
      i.m. administration to three cows of a preparation containing 200 mg of CAP per
      ml.

PMID- 6836552
TI  - [The status of veterinary medicine in South Sudan].
AB  - The most important features of the veterinary situation in the Southern Sudan are
      described. Brief information is supplied on the organisation of the veterinary
      services and the circumstances under which these have to operate. The prevailing
      diseases of cattle are stated. In the discussion the situation is compared with
      the situation as reported by Uilenberg in 1959.

PMID- 6836553
TI  - [Sponging of ewe lambs harmless?].

PMID- 6836555
TI  - HLA and IgA deficiency in blood donors.

PMID- 6836554
TI  - Studies of random Black and White populations in North Carolina: hla antigen
      profile.
AB  - As HLA testing is becoming a major vehicle for parentage determination with non
      excluded, alleged fathers being compared to their racial peers, it is important
      to ensure that the population data used accurately reflect the genetic profile of
      the region from which the alleged fathers are drawn. This paper presents data on
      the HLA profile of Black and White residents of North Carolina. Significant
      differences were observed for certain antigens when the North Carolina data were
      compared to nationally derived population tables. Differences were observed for
      B7 (increase) and Bw16 (decrease) in Whites and A10 (decrease), B7 (increase) and
      Bw42 (decrease) in Blacks. Internal controls comparing the testing from the two
      participating centers showed complete agreement for White persons, but a
      significant difference for B5 between the two Black populations.

PMID- 6836556
TI  - Evidence for endogenous dopaminergic regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in
      man.
AB  - In order to clarify the dopaminergic influence on TSH secretion in normal
      subjects, the effects of a dopaminergic agent, L-dopa, and an anti-dopaminergic
      agent, sulpiride, on TSH secretion were studied in 28 normal subjects. Improving
      a commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit, we developed a high
      sensitivity RIA method for human TSH (assay sensitivity 0.15 microU/ml; 50% B/Bo
      value 3.47 microU/ml). Plasma TSH levels decreased significantly after an oral
      administration of dopamine agonist, L-dopa, and the mean percent decrease of
      plasma TSH was significantly greater in male than in female. Dopamine antagonist,
      sulpiride, induced a significant increase in plasma TSH in female, but a slight
      elevation in male. The mean percent increase in plasma TSH with sulpiride was
      significantly greater in female than in male. These results suggest that dopamine
      exerts physiologically tonic inhibition on TSH secretion and the dopaminergic
      tone on TSH secretion is higher in female than in male.

PMID- 6836558
TI  - Pressor responsiveness to vasopressin and angiotensin II in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats: effects of dietary sodium.

PMID- 6836557
TI  - Carnitine depletion as a probable cause of hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on
      maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The mechanism of te development of hemodialysis hyperlipidemia was investigated
      in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment lost large
      amounts of carnitine from blood into the dialysate fluid, resulting in the
      reduction in serum concentration of carnitine. After the treatments were repeated
      for more than 12 months, the serum concentration of carnitine reduced markedly
      and the serum triglyceride level increased significantly. In contrast, in
      patients who had been supplemented with commercial amino acids solution, the
      serum concentrations of carnitine and lipid were within normal ranges and
      remained unchanged even after repeated hemodialysis treatments. Carnitine
      administration also reduced the serum triglyceride level to or towards normal.
      The results suggest that carnitine depletion induced by hemodialysis treatments
      has a probable causal relationship to hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on long
      term maintenance hemodialysis and that supplementation of carnitine or amino
      acids prevents carnitine depletion and improves hemodialysis hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 6836559
TI  - Serum and urine amino acid analysis in children with biliary atresia.

PMID- 6836560
TI  - Normal activities of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in
      Leigh's syndrome.
AB  - A case of Leigh's syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, SNE),
      proven by autopsy, was reported. The persistent elevation of pyruvate and lactate
      in blood and hyperalanemia suggested an impairment of pyruvate oxidation, but the
      enzyme activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC)
      in liver tissues of the patient revealed normal. It is postulated that Leigh's
      syndrome and both enzyme deficiencies are distinct entities.

PMID- 6836561
TI  - Copper-binding proteins in the liver and kidney from the patients with Menkes'
      kinky hair disease.
AB  - Copper-binding proteins in the tissues from the patients with Menkes' kinky hair
      disease were examined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. In the kidney,
      major part of copper was found to bind to low molecular weight protein, which
      corresponded chromatographically to metallothionein. This copper-binding protein
      contained a large amount of copper and a small amount of zinc. Cu: Zn ratio of
      this protein was different from that of metallothionein found in the fetal liver.
      In the liver of the same patient, however, there was no increase of copper bound
      to this protein.

PMID- 6836562
TI  - Growth deceleration in Japanese schoolchildren with special reference to those in
      the city of Sendai.
AB  - From the national and regional statistics on the body dimensions of
      schoolchildren at the 6th year grade in primary schools (i.e., 11-year-olds) and
      at the 3rd year grade in junior high schools (i.e., 14-year-olds), the secular
      gains in height and weight by the children of the same age were calculated for
      the three periods of 1960-4, 1972-76 and 1976-81. Compared with the first period
      (i.e., 1960-4) when the growth acceleration was maximal, the secular gain was
      apparently reduced in the second and third study periods (i.e. 1970's) to the
      level of 1/2 to 1/3 of that in the first period, and was next to nil in some
      districts. Such deceleration was coupled with changes in seasonal growth patterns
      and diminution of urban-rural gaps both in the body size and the secular gain.
      For example, the body dimensions of the children in the City of Sendai did not
      differ in 1981 between the core part of the city and the surroundings, while the
      difference had been observed till late 1970's. The 1979 measurements of height
      and weight of Japanese children are compared with counterpart values observed in
      other countries.

PMID- 6836563
TI  - Evaluation of biliary pressure by perfusion method and its significance.
AB  - The present authors have made it a rule to use a modified Mellet-Guy's method for
      measuring pressure in the bile duct. The determined manometric pressure expressed
      in curve has been classified into (a) basal pressure, (b) rising time, (c)
      perfusion pressure, (d) dumping time and (e) residual pressure. The basal
      pressure (a) represents a static pressure free from any load in the bile duct.
      The rising time (b) varies with factors including the measuring apparatus, ductal
      elasticity and capacity, resistance at the choledochal terminal, and the volume
      of physiological saline infused. The perfusion pressure (c) is likely to undergo
      interference of a variety of factors such as the ductal diameter, mural
      elasticity and thickness, resistance at the choledochal terminal, along with the
      measuring apparatus. The dumping time (d), free from the influence of the
      measuring apparatus, is considered to be an important guide for us to guess the
      condition of choledochal terminal. The residual pressure (e) and the trend of
      manometric pressure curve help us to surmise the choledochal terminal resistance
      and the presence of ductal abnormalities. After all, among the above factors, the
      dumping time and the residual pressure are apparently available for objective
      evaluation of bile duct pressure.

PMID- 6836564
TI  - Split atrial activity in a man with brady-tachy syndrome.
AB  - A 74-year-old man with brady-tachy syndrome showed split atrial activities in
      electrophysiologic studies. The split intervals of atrial activities varied
      spontaneously or in response to electric stimulations. The shorter were the
      coupling intervals of atrial extrastimuli, the longer the split intervals of
      captured atrial activities. At a critical timing of atrial extrastimuli, atrial
      flutter-fibrillation was initiated reproducibly. During atrial flutter
      fibrillation, the split activities showed Wenckebach-like phenomenon. These
      findings seem to result from depressed conductivity. The split atrial activity
      may reflect a diseased state of the atrium which predisposes to atrial
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 6836565
TI  - Characteristics of decrease of plasma gastrin by glucagon in man.
AB  - Exogenously administered glucagon causes a decrease of plasma gastrin
      concentration, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We measured
      antral gastrin concentrations and plasma gastrin levels before and during
      glucagon infusion in nine patients free of gastrointestinal diseases. In
      addition, we measured plasma gastrin levels in both the renal artery and renal
      vein in six patients with normal renal function before and during glucagon
      infusion. Glucagon caused a significant increase of antral gastrin concentration
      concomitant with a significant decrease of plasma gastrin level and a significant
      decrease of percent extraction of gastrin in the kidney. These observations
      suggest that glucagon causes the decrease of plasma gastrin level by inhibiting
      the release of gastrin from the antrum, but not by accelerating the renal
      extraction of gastrin.

PMID- 6836566
TI  - Disturbances of the alimentary tract motility and hypermotilinemia in the
      patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), gastric emptying, small bowel transit
      time and plasma motilin levels were measured in diabetics and normal subjects in
      order to investigate the disturbances of the alimentary tract motility and the
      participation of motilin in these motility disorders. Hypermotilinemia was
      observed in all diabetics with or without autonomic neuropathy. Low response of
      LESP to tetragastrin found in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy could not be
      explained by motilin. Gastric emptying was highly correlated with fasting plasma
      motilin levels and a significantly accelerated gastric emptying observed in
      diabetics without complications or diabetics with diarrhea was considered to be
      due to hypermotilinemia. On the contrary, no significant correlation was observed
      between small bowel transit time and plasma motilin levels, suggesting no
      participation of endogenous motilin in the regulation of small bowel transit.

PMID- 6836567
TI  - Interaction of sisomycin with pancuronium.

PMID- 6836569
TI  - Dialysis encephalopathy relieved by hemofiltration: a case report and a review.

PMID- 6836568
TI  - EMG activities of the biceps brachii at rapid elbow flexion during passive
      movements.

PMID- 6836570
TI  - Total and HDL-cholesterol levels in the serum of UVA-irradiated porphyric rats.

PMID- 6836571
TI  - Time course of the carbon tetrachloride-induced decrease in mitochondrial
      aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal enzymes like cytochrome P-450 and glucose 6-phosphatase are
      inhibited after exposure to CCl4 in vivo. Since comparatively less is known about
      the effects of CCl4 on nonmicrosomal enzymes, we investigated the rapidity by
      which CCl4 inhibits the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
      isozyme, an enzyme known to be inhibited 24 hr after CCl4 treatment. The activity
      of this ALDH isozyme was significantly lowered 6 and 12 hr after a single 1 ml/kg
      intragastric dose of CCl4. The mitochondrial low Km ALDH specific activities
      exhibited a similar pattern of destruction/inhibition to the documented target
      enzyme microsomal cytochrome P-450 in that lowest values were observed 6 hr after
      CCl4. These values were 44 and 37% of control for cytochrome P-450 content and
      the low Km ALDH activity, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity, expressed
      as activity per gram liver, was depressed 12 hr after CCl4 dosing. Finally, the
      activity of the low Km cytosolic ALDH, the isozyme that metabolizes
      malondialdehyde at low concentrations, was not affected by CCl4 treatment. The
      CCl4-induced decline in the activity of the matrix ALDH isozyme occurs earlier
      than previously reported mitochondrial damage. The study of sensitive enzymes
      like the low Km ALDH may provide valuable information by which it may be possible
      to determine the relationship of the truly rapid biochemical effects of CCl4 such
      as microsomal lipid peroxidation with later effects on nonmicrosomal components.

PMID- 6836572
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on bromobenzene liver toxicity in the
      rat.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet
      containing either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate for 3 weeks. In vitro
      studies showed that chronic ethanol pretreatment preferentially increased the
      liver microsomal biotransformation of bromobenzene to p-bromophenol (via the
      toxic 3,4-epoxide) rather than to o-bromophenol (via the nontoxic 2,3-epoxide)
      and could thus potentiate bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. Bromobenzene
      administration (500 mg/kg body weight, ip), after an overnight fast, was
      associated in ethanol-pretreated rats with greater and accelerated liver
      glutathione depletion and subsequent decrease in liver cytochrome P-450 content
      than in controls. As assessed histologically and by determination of the rise in
      activities of serum enzyme markers of liver necrosis, chronic ethanol
      pretreatment, however, mainly resulted in earlier onset and resolution of
      bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis, with only a mild increase in the maximal
      severity of liver lesions. These results suggest that the twofold increase in
      liver microsomal bromobenzene 3,4-epoxidation by ethanol, being much less than
      that seen after phenobarbital pretreatment in our animal model and in that of
      others, is apparently not sufficient to markedly affect the severity of
      bromobenzene-induced liver toxicity.

PMID- 6836573
TI  - The effects of 1,1-di(p-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene (DDMU) on hepatic
      morphology of Japanese quail.
AB  - The effects of dietary administration of 1,1-di(p-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene
      (DDMU) to Japanese quail at a concentration of 100 ppm were investigated for
      periods of up to 32 days. Hepatic morphology was studied by light microscopy.
      Histologic changes observed included cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration in the
      hepatocytes followed by severe lipid accumulation and hepatocellular hypertrophy.
      There was a progressive increase in cytoplasmic vacuoles containing lipid up to
      Day 24 followed by a decrease by Day 32 when the numbers of vacuoles remained
      greater than those in untreated quail livers. The vacuoles showed a distribution
      which followed the functional acinar units of the liver. Increased numbers and
      hypertrophy were observed in Kupffer cells and fibrocytes. There was an
      occasional necrotic hepatocyte observed but this lesion was not a prominent
      feature. Hepatocellular hyperplasia occurred as the lipid accumulation decreased.
      The histologic findings are compared with the biphasic response previously
      described.

PMID- 6836574
TI  - Metabolism and excretion of nitrobenzene by rats and mice.

PMID- 6836575
TI  - Respiratory effects of hexachlorocyclopentadiene on intact rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) and on oxidative phosphorylation of isolated trout heart mitochondria.
AB  - Acclimated normal rainbow trout were exposed to 130 ppb hexachlorocyclopentadiene
      (HEX) in a flow-through well water circuit which was designed to permit
      measurements of oxygen consumption by the fish. Compared to preHEX values, HEX
      increased oxygen consumption rates by 186 +/- 24% (means +/- SEM), with maximum
      oxygen consumption rates being reached in approximately 84 min after HEX
      exposure. Oxygen consumption subsequently decreased, and all HEX-exposed fish
      died within 6.5 hr of exposure. Fish exposed to HEX-free vehicle (acetone) showed
      no changes of oxygen consumption. When added to normal isolated trout heart
      mitochondria, HEX appeared to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, with calculated
      respiratory control ratios being decreased 50% from control values at a HEX
      concentration of 0.41 microM. We postulate that one important mechanism of HEX
      intoxication in the intact animal may be due to increased oxygen consumption and
      impaired oxidative ATP synthesis due to the mitochondrial uncoupling action of
      the toxicant.

PMID- 6836576
TI  - Zinc-induced hypocalcemia and bone resorption in rats.
AB  - The changes of calcium levels in serum and in the femur were examined in rats
      administered oral doses of zinc sulfate (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg Zn/100 g body
      weight) for 3 days. All doses of zinc caused significant decreases in calcium
      levels in serum and in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis. The decrease in these
      femoral calcium levels was seen 1 day after administration of zinc (10 mg/100 g).
      Furthermore, time course studies of the effect of zinc administration showed
      that, at 1 hr after zinc administration, calcium levels in serum and in femoral
      epiphysis but not in diaphysis were significantly decreased. In
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats, however, no significant decrease of the
      epiphyseal calcium was observed by administration of zinc (10 mg Zn/100 g), but
      the serum calcium level was significantly lowered. Zinc administration to intact
      rats caused a significant increase in acid phosphatase activity in the femoral
      epiphysis but not in the diaphysis. This increase was clearly prevented by
      thyroparathyroidectomy. Accumulations of zinc in the femoral epiphysis and
      diaphysis after zinc administration was not significantly altered by
      thyroparathyroidectomy. These results suggest that zinc-induced hypocalcemia may
      cause bone resorption which is primarily mediated by the action of the
      parathyroid hormone and it is related to calcium homeostasis in rats.

PMID- 6836577
TI  - Comparative metabolism and disposition of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and
      propylene glycol monomethyl ether in male rats.
AB  - Male Fischer 344 rats were given a single po dose of approximately 1 or 8.7
      mmol/kg of [14C]EGME (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) or [14C]PGME (propylene
      glycol monomethyl ether). After dosing, expired air, excreta, and tissues were
      analyzed for 14C; metabolites in urine were isolated and identified. There were
      pronounced differences in the metabolism and disposition of [14C]EGME and
      [14C]PGME. Approximately 50 to 60% of the administered 14C was excreted in urine,
      and about 12% was eliminated as 14CO2 within 48 hr after a single po dose of
      [14C]EGME. For PGME, only 10 to 20% of the administered 14C was excreted in
      urine, while 50 to 60% was eliminated as 14CO2 within 48 hr. Methoxyacetic acid
      was identified as the primary urinary metabolite of EGME, accounting for 80 to
      90% of the total 14C in urine. PGME, propylene glycol(1,2-propanediol), and the
      sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of PGME were identified in urine of rats given
      PGME. Since methoxyacetic acid causes the same spectrum of toxicity as EGME in
      male rats, it is likely that the adverse effects of EGME are the result of its in
      vivo bioactivation to methoxyacetic acid. Hence, differences in routes of
      metabolism and types of metabolites appear to be the underlying basis for the
      remarkably different toxicologic properties of EGME and PGME, respectively.

PMID- 6836578
TI  - The role of lysosomes in the pathogenesis of copper-induced hepatotoxicity. II.
      Intracellular distribution of copper in hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of altered lysosomal function on the pathogenesis of copper-induced
      hepatotoxicity were studied in C57B1/6 bg/bg (beige) and C57B1/6 bg/+
      (conventional) mice. Copper loading was accomplished through daily ip injections
      of aqueous copper chloride at a dosage rate of 8 mg/kg body weight for 1, 2, and
      4 weeks. The subcellular distribution of copper in copper-treated beige mice was
      significantly different than that in conventional mice. Beige mice had
      consistently higher levels of copper in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions with
      lower levels in the heavy and light mitochondrial fractions. The copper levels
      were lowest in the microsomal fractions of both groups of copper-treated mice and
      remained similar throughout the 4-week experiment. Levels of total hepatic copper
      were similar in both groups of mice receiving parenteral copper except at Day 14,
      when beige mice had higher levels.

PMID- 6836579
TI  - The role of glutathione and cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of methyl
      chloride.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes metabolized methyl chloride to formaldehyde at a rate 15
      fold less than the rate of benzamphetamine demethylation. The reaction rate was
      stimulated approximately 2-fold in microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats
      and was inhibited by addition of SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, metyrapone, and
      hexobarbital to the microsomal suspension, indicating dependence on cytochrome P
      450. The in vivo incorporation of 14CH3Cl into liver macromolecules, previously
      shown to reflect metabolism to CH3Cl to formate, was not significantly altered by
      SKF-525A, Aroclor 1254, or 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment of rats, although
      pretreatment with phenobarbital produced a 35 and 28% increase in 14CH3Cl uptake
      into liver lipid and acid-insoluble material, respectively. Pretreatment with
      phenobarbital increased the in vivo metabolism of 14CH3Cl to 14CO2 (also derived
      from a formate intermediate) by 19%, but had no effect on urinary metabolites
      derived from 14CH3Cl. SKF-525A inhibited 14CO2 production from 14CH3Cl by 30% and
      also had no effect on urinary excretion of 14C. In contrast, pretreatment with
      diethylmaleate inhibited 14CH3Cl incorporation into liver macromolecules by 70 to
      85%, and lowered 14CO2 expiration and urinary 14C excretion by 52 and 60%,
      respectively. S-Methylcysteine pretreatment produced a similar inhibition of
      14CH3Cl incorporation and metabolism to 14CO2; urinary excretion of 14C, however,
      was approximately doubled. 14CH3Cl uptake into liver was also stimulated by
      cysteine pretreatment. These results indicate a strong dependence of CH3Cl
      metabolism on tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl content and suggest a possible role
      for cytochrome P-450 in the in vivo metabolism of CH3Cl. A scheme for the
      metabolism of CH3Cl is postulated which involves initial reaction with
      glutathione, and sequential metabolism of the conjugate to S-methylcysteine,
      methanethiol, and formaldehyde.

PMID- 6836580
TI  - Isolated rat hepatocytes as a model system for screening chelators for use in
      cadmium intoxication.
AB  - The utility of isolated rat hepatocytes as a model system for screening potential
      chelators in treatment of Cd intoxication was studied. The ability of the
      chelators diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic
      acid (EDTA), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), diethyldithiocarbamic acid
      (DDC), d,1-penicillamine (PEN), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and 2,3
      dimercaptopropanol (BAL) to decrease the cellular concentration of Cd was
      correlated with the previously reported effectiveness of these agents in the
      treatment of Cd intoxication in vivo. The results of cellular studies with either
      control or metallothionein-induced hepatocytes were compared to the in vivo
      effect of the chelators administered before or after the induction of
      metallothionein, respectively. The effects of DTPA, EDTA, DDC, and BAL in the
      hepatocyte model screening system correlated well with their reported in vivo
      effects. The results with NTA, PEN, and DMSA were not correlated as well but were
      explained by the relative differences between in vivo doses versus in vitro
      concentrations of the respective chelators. Therefore, the proposed model for
      screening potential chelators for use in cadmium intoxication appears to be a
      system which may prove to be an economical and rapid method to facilitate the
      search for efficacious chelators.

PMID- 6836581
TI  - Reversibility of ethylenethiourea-induced thyroid lesions.
AB  - Groups of 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0,
      75, 100, or 150 ppm ethylenethiourea (ETU) for 7 weeks, at which time subgroups
      of 10 animals from each group were killed. Subsequent subgroups of 10, 10, and 20
      animals were killed after an additional 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively, on the
      control diet in order to examine whether the toxicological effects induced by ETU
      were reversible. In both sexes, the mean body weight and feed consumption were
      significantly decreased in all treated groups, while the mean thyroid weight
      (absolute as well as relative to both body and brain weight) appeared to increase
      linearly with dose. Mean T4 blood levels in animals fed 150 ppm ETU were
      significantly below those in controls. The magnitude of the changes in body
      weight, thyroid weight, and T4 blood levels observed during the first 7 weeks of
      the study decreased after ETU was removed from the diet. The statistical
      procedures developed and applied here may be useful in other experiments designed
      to assess the reversibility of other toxicological endpoints.

PMID- 6836582
TI  - Stability of cadmium resistance and metallothionein levels in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Cultured cells can be adapted to large concentrations of the toxic cadmium ion,
      apparently by induction of synthesis of the Cd-binding protein metallothionein
      (MT). One human epithelial line derived from normal skin (HE100) and one murine
      fibroblast line, derived from L cells (C1 1D100), were used to study the
      stability of Cd resistance, the MT levels following omission of Cd, and the
      inducibility of MT synthesis in cells on reexposure to Cd. In the murine cells
      there was no significant loss of resistance during a 4-week period either after
      cultivation in vitro or after growing the cells in nude mice. In the human cells
      a decrease (50%) in resistance was noted the first week after Cd omission. After
      removing Cd from the cells, a rapid decrease in MT content was demonstrated.
      After 3 weeks of cultivation only trace amounts were left in both cell lines.
      However, approximately 60% (HE100) and 80% (C1 1D100) of the previous levels were
      demonstrated after reexposure to maximum tolerable doses for 24 hr. The data
      indicate that the degree of stability of Cd resistance is dependent on the
      capacity in cells for an immediate de novo synthesis of large amounts of MT on
      reexposure to Cd. The animal experiments demonstrate that Cd resistance is
      maintained even after growing the cells in vivo.

PMID- 6836583
TI  - Nitrate formation in rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to atmospheres containing low levels of nitrogen
      dioxide (NO2) for 24 hr had increased levels of nitrate in their urine on the day
      of exposure and on the 3 subsequent days. The total increase in urinary nitrate
      was linearly related to the nitrogen dioxide concentration administered. We
      recovered in urine 8.4 +/- 1.1 mumol nitrate/ppm NO2/24-hr exposure (slope +/-
      95% confidence limits) for 185-g rats. Both the linearity and magnitude of this
      effect imply that reaction with respiratory tract water is not a major pathway of
      NO2 absorption in the lung. Instead, our observations support the hypothesis that
      the major interaction of NO2 in the lung is with readily oxidizable tissue
      components to form nitrite. We estimate that 9.6 mumol of nitrite is formed in
      the respiratory tract of the rat per ppm NO2 per 24-hr exposure. We also estimate
      that humans breathing air containing 0.1 ppm NO2 have about 3.6 mg of nitrite
      formed in their respiratory tract per day.

PMID- 6836584
TI  - Serum sialic acid and ceruloplasmin levels in experimental fluorosis.
AB  - The present study describes the effect of fluoride (10 mg NaF/kg body weight/day)
      on the total protein-bound sialic acid and ceruloplasmin levels in rabbit serum
      after receiving sodium fluoride intragastrically for 3, 5, 8 and 10 months. The
      total protein-bound sialic acid and ceruloplasmin levels in serum were reduced,
      whereas the fluoride levels were increased showing a cumulative effect. It is
      suggested that the decreased circulatory sialic acid and ceruloplasmin levels
      with increased serum fluoride may be used in an early detection of fluorosis.

PMID- 6836585
TI  - Partial characterization of neurotoxic esterase of human placenta.
AB  - Neurotoxic esterase (NTE), the putative target for organophosphorus-induced
      delayed axonopathy, has been found in preparations of human placenta. The
      activity was primarily found in membrane-enriched fractions rather than high
      speed supernatant. NTE was solubilized from a mixture of mitochondrial and
      microsomal membranes with Triton X-100. The crude and solubilized activities had
      inhibitor characteristics similar to preparations from avian brain. Because of
      the similarities to NTE from brain and ready availability, human placenta may be
      an ideal source for the bulk purification of a human form of the enzyme.

PMID- 6836586
TI  - Comparison of the toxicities of Senecio jacobaea, Senecio vulgaris and Senecio
      glabellus in rats.
AB  - The toxicity of Senecio jacobaea, S. vulgaris and S. glabellus to rats was
      assessed in a feeding trial. The plants were of similar toxicity, with a plant
      dry matter intake of about 20% of initial body weight being a lethal dose. Gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the presence of
      seneciphylline, jacobine, jacozine and jacoline in S. jacobaea, senecionine and
      seneciphylline in S. vulgaris, and senecionine in S. glabellus. An unidentified
      alkaloid was also found in all three plants.

PMID- 6836587
TI  - An evaluation of acetone extracts from six plants in the Ames mutagenicity test.
AB  - Acetone extracts from six plants were evaluated for mutagenic activity with the
      Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test (Ames) utilizing tester strains
      TA98 and TA100 and in the presence and absence of induced rat liver microsomes.
      Extracts from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and thread-leaf
      groundsel (Senecio longilobus) produced only negative responses. Comfrey
      (Symphytum officinale) and tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) extracts produced
      toxic responses that were abolished in the presence of the microsomal
      bioactivation system. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and tansy ragwort extracts
      produced positive responses following bioactivation with the liver microsomal
      system. The results suggest that the Ames mutagenicity test may be of some value
      in initial evaluations for potential toxic effects of plants consumed by animals
      and man.

PMID- 6836588
TI  - Cadmium and zinc toxicity to an aquatic insect, Ranatra elongata (Fabr.).
AB  - Cadmium chloride and zinc chloride were used to measure their short-term toxicity
      to an aquatic insect Ranatra elongata (Fabr.). The LC50 values were 0.497, 0.438,
      0.355 and 0.288 mg/l for cadmium chloride and 2.853, 2.456, 1.934 and 1.658 mg/l
      for zinc chloride after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. Cadmium chloride was
      found to be more toxic than zinc chloride.

PMID- 6836589
TI  - Effect of cinoxacin on cellular metabolism and p-aminohippurate transport in
      kidney cortical slices in terms of its nephrotoxic action.
AB  - Cinoxacin is a drug which, at very high doses, causes renal damage only in rats.
      This study compared the in vitro effects of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid on
      cellular metabolism and p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in renal cortical
      slices. Cinoxacin had no effect on Na+ transport, ATP content, oxygen
      consumption, inulin space and tissue water content, in rat renal cortical slices
      in vitro, while nalidixic acid affected most of the parameters tested. PAH uptake
      by slices from rats pre-treated with a nephrotoxic dose of cinoxacin was
      decreased. This renal damage appeared to be due to physical trauma resulting from
      deposition of cinoxacin crystals in the urinary tract.

PMID- 6836590
TI  - Effects of toxic doses of urethane on rat liver and lung microsomes.
AB  - Administration of carcinogenic doses of urethane to male rats (for 30 days) and
      to females (for 45 days) caused degranulation of microsomes of livers and lungs
      to approx. 15 and 35%, respectively. The cholesterol levels also declined more
      than 50% in urethane-treated rats when compared with controls. Studies on
      structural components of microsomes have shown that urethane administration
      causes the depletion of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine in microsomal preparations from lungs and livers with a
      concomitant loss of neutral lipids in lung microsomes. SDS gel electrophoresis
      has shown that with the administration of urethane, new proteins appeared in
      microsomal preparations from lungs whereas in livers disturbances in protein
      levels were observed.

PMID- 6836591
TI  - Evidence of enhanced in vivo lipid peroxidation after acute cocaine
      administration.
AB  - An acute intraperitoneal dose (60 mg/kg) of cocaine to DBA/2Ha male mice results
      in enhanced lipid peroxidation in vivo, as measured by an increase in conjugated
      diene absorption in hepatic microsomal lipids. The initiation of this lipid
      peroxidation is an early consequence of cocaine administration; as early as 1 h
      after cocaine, peroxidized lipids are significantly greater in treated animals
      than in controls. This cocaine-induced lipid peroxidation remains at a maximal
      level from 2 to 4 h and returns approximately to control levels by 8 h. The
      metabolites of cocaine also produce lipid peroxidation in vitro. Liver microsomes
      from phenobarbital-treated DBA/2Ha male mice, incubated aerobically in the
      presence of NADPH, cocaine or the cocaine oxidative metabolites, norcocaine and
      norcocaine nitroxide, induced lipid peroxidation as measured by an increase in
      the production of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive products. The extent of
      lipid peroxidation is greater for the oxidative metabolites of cocaine than for
      cocaine itself.

PMID- 6836592
TI  - The effects of phorate and some of its metabolites incorporated in an artificial
      diet on liquid uptake by Aphis fabae scop.
AB  - [14C]Phorate and some of its metabolites were incorporated in an artificial diet
      and their effects on liquid uptake by Aphis fabae were studied. At sublethal and
      very low toxicity levels of phorate there was a tendency for a reduction in
      feeding with increasing concentrations. [14C]Phorate sulphone, [14C]phorate
      sulphoxide and [14C]phoratoxon sulphoxide at high concentrations gave very low
      mortality figures, but a significant drop in liquid uptake occurred with
      increasing concentrations. The results demonstrate that the presence of the
      insecticide rendered the diet less acceptable to the aphids which exhibited a
      wandering behaviour that might promote transmission of virus diseases.

PMID- 6836593
TI  - The toxicology of a ganglioside extract (Cronassial).
AB  - The accepted animal toxicity studies indicate that the ganglioside mixture
      extracted and purified from the bovine brain cortex (Cronassial) is without
      detectable toxicity. It did not induce any adverse effects on any of the
      characteristics of reproduction and it is not antigenic.

PMID- 6836594
TI  - Effect of old age on paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver.
AB  - Post-mitochondrial supernatants isolated from the livers of mature rats (3 to 6
      months old) 2 h or more after the administration of a single large oral dose of
      paracetamol (800 mg/kg) showed rapid rates of lipid peroxidation when incubated
      in vitro. In similar experiments with old rats (27-30 months old) the time
      between administration of paracetamol and the onset of lipid peroxidation was
      much longer (6 h or more). In both age groups, lipid peroxidation was dependent
      on the depletion of glutathione from the liver.

PMID- 6836595
TI  - The production of cadmium-binding protein in three species of freshwater fish.
AB  - Cadmium-binding protein (Cd-BP) was detected in the liver and kidney of
      stoneloach, Noemacheilus barbatulus, roach, Rutilus rutilus and rainbow trout,
      Salmo gairdneri which had been dosed i.p. with 1 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg body weight
      168 h previously. The cadmium content (microgram Cd/g wet weight tissue) was much
      lower in the liver and kidney of trout than in stoneloach and roach, but there
      was no clear relationship between the amount of Cd-BP detected and the reported
      sensitivity of each species to cadmium.

PMID- 6836597
TI  - The influence of selenium intake on chronic adriamycin toxicity and lipid
      peroxidation in rats.
AB  - This paper reports on the influence of selenium intake on antioxidant protective
      systems during chronic adriamycin (AM) treatment in rats. Rats were kept for 14
      weeks on a selenium deficient (Se-) diet or a diet containing selenium (Se+). No
      significant differences were found in any group with regard to the cardiac
      content of total and reduced glutathione (GSH) and heart superoxide dismutase
      specific activity. AM treatment did not modify lipid peroxidation as measured by
      cardiac malondialdehyde (MDH) formation in rats receiving either the Se- or the
      Se+ diet. In the Se+ rats AM had no effect on the exhalation of ethane or pentane
      but decreased the exhalation of ethane and increased that of pentane in the SE-
      rats. In Se- AM-treated rats mortality was higher. Since this did not seem to be
      correlated with modifications of any of the biochemical parameters taken into
      consideration, it is suggested that the better resistance of Se+ animals to AM
      treatment is related to some factors not yet identified.

PMID- 6836596
TI  - Comparative assessment of the aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 embryotoxicity in
      the chick embryo.
AB  - The embryotoxicity of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 was investigated after
      administration to chick embryos on either Day 2, 3 or 4. Treatment resulted
      mainly in embryolethality and a rank order for embryotoxicity was established
      where B1 greater than G1 greater than M1 = B2 greater than G2. The sensitivity of
      embryos to aflatoxin administration decreased with their age. These results
      document the general cytotoxic character of aflatoxin action upon the embryonic
      morphogenetic systems, actions that apparently require neither specific metabolic
      activation nor any specific target.

PMID- 6836598
TI  - Indications for the presence of sulfate esters as considerable metabolites of
      sunset yellow FCF and orange GGN in rat faeces.
AB  - Male Wistar rats received by stomach intubation 500 mg/kg of the azo dyes Sunset
      Yellow FCF and Orange GGN. Previous work revealed that in the Sunset Yellow FCF
      as well as in the Orange GGN aqueous faeces extracts a considerable orange
      metabolite is present, eluting as a strong peak before the unchanged dye after
      ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-IP-HPLC). Incubation of both
      aqueous faeces extracts with arylsulphatase followed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) analysis, resulted in a significant orange metabolite peak
      height decrease together with a noticeable unchanged dye peak height increase. By
      means of semi-preparative HPLC, combined with cation-exchange purification, the
      orange Sunset Yellow FCF faeces metabolite could be isolated. It was identified
      by means of FT-1HMR spectroscopy as a Sunset Yellow FCF structurally related
      compound with the same 1HMR pattern, which is therefore modified on the free
      aromatic hydroxyl group.

PMID- 6836599
TI  - Changes in free amino acid contents of rat brain induced by exposure to methyl
      bromide.
AB  - Rats were exposed to methyl bromide (MB) for 24 h at 10-120 ppm or for 3 weeks at
      1-10 ppm. Changes in free amino acid contents of rat midbrain were measured by
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MB increased glutamine and
      aspartic acid contents dose-dependently by short-and long-term exposure. Alanine
      content was markedly increased by long-term exposure to 10 ppm MB. Glycine was
      dose-dependently increased, except at 120 ppm. The harmful effect of MB on the
      central nervous system is discussed in relation to the changes in amino acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 6836600
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by chalepin, a naturally occurring
      furocoumarin.
AB  - Polarographic measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption by isolated rat
      liver mitochondria respiring on pyruvate/malate in metabolic state 4 revealed
      that additions of micromolar amounts of chalepin, a naturally occurring
      furocoumarin resulted in significant decreases in respiratory rates. At 16 microM
      chalepin, respiration was inhibited by at least 40%. A maximum inhibition of 60%
      was obtained at 80 microM chalepin. Whereas 16 microM chalepin gave 76% reduction
      of respiratory control ratio, at most 80% reduction was obtained at greater than
      or equal to 80 microM chalepin. There was no significant effect on either
      metabolic state 4 respiration or respiratory control ratio when succinate was
      used as electron donor. A comparison with the effects of rotenone indicates that
      chalepin is probably only one-tenth as potent as this classical inhibitor of
      respiration. These results show that chalepin-like rotenone is an inhibitor of
      energy coupling site 1.

PMID- 6836601
TI  - The occurrence of phthalic acid esters in various samples of commercially
      available sodium chloride injections (Indian Pharmacopoeia).
AB  - Conclusive evidence for the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 15
      out of 17 commercially available sodium chloride injection (Indian Pharmacopoeia)
      samples was obtained and concentration levels as high as 11.0 mg/500 ml of saline
      were detected. The presence of such contaminants in i.v. fluids, avoidable by the
      institution of appropriate quality control measures before manufacturing and
      marketing, is a matter of serious concern. Stipulated specifications in different
      pharmacopoeias are meant only to ensure sterility and pyrogenicity, and it is
      advisable that cognisance be taken of the presence of toxic contaminants e.g.
      di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

PMID- 6836603
TI  - Phenthoate-induced changes in the profiles of acetylcholinesterase and
      acetylcholine in the brain of Anabas testudineus (Bloch): acute and delayed
      effect.
AB  - A concomitant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and increase in
      acetylcholine (ACh) concentration was observed in the brain of Anabas testudineus
      (Bloch) during a 48-h phenthoate treatment. On return to phenthoate-free fresh
      water, the decline in enzyme activity and rise in ACh concentration was found to
      persist for up to 20 days following exposure. Normal values for brain AChE
      activity and ACh concentration were restored only after 60 days following
      transfer to phenthoate-free fresh water. It is concluded that inhibition of AChE
      results in ACh accumulation which, in turn, initiates a faster rate of recovery
      of the enzyme in fish exposed to the highest concentration of phenthoate.

PMID- 6836602
TI  - Cytochalasin E: inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption in the mouse.
AB  - In situ glucose absorption in the mouse was significantly inhibited by
      cytochalasin E. Cytochalasin E (5 micrograms/ml) also inhibited glucose
      absorption up to 55.5% in mouse jejunum in vitro. During its inhibition
      transmural potential difference (PD) was increased from -7.4 to -0.4 mV, together
      with a decrease in glucose accumulation in the intestinal tissues. Furthermore,
      it was also found that cytochalasin E induced an alteration in Km value from 2.9
      X 10(-3) to 4.0 X 10(-2) M and a constant Vmax value of 55.5 mumol/100 mg wet wt
      tissue/min. It is postulated that cytochalasin E is a possible competitive
      inhibitor of glucose at the receptor sites of carriers on the microvillar
      membrane of the intestinal absorptive cells.

PMID- 6836604
TI  - The critical level of cadmium in human renal cortex: a reevaluation.
AB  - The previously published estimate (160 ppm) of the critical level of renal
      cortical cadmium (Cd) (Roels et al., Environ. Res., 26 (1981) 217-240) has been
      reassessed after the depth of the left kidney was measured in each worker by
      echography. The correction introduced for kidney depth demonstrates that the
      critical liver cadmium level of 30 ppm corresponds to a corrected critical level
      of cadmium in renal cortex of 216 ppm. This critical cadmium level in renal
      cortex (CdKc) protects probably more than 90% of male workers from developing Cd
      induced renal dysfunction.

PMID- 6836605
TI  - Alkylation by dehydroretronecine, a cytotoxic metabolite of some pyrrolizidine
      alkaloids: an in vitro test.
AB  - A method is described for detecting alkylation of nucleophiles by
      dehydroretronecine (DHR) in vitro: whereas DHR is rapidly polymerised by acid,
      alkylation products of DHR were relatively stable and could be detected using
      Ehrlich reagent. Using this test, nitrogen-containing compounds found to react
      with DHR included pyridine, adenine and guanine derivatives; NAD and NADP, but
      not NADH; cytidine; barbituric and parabanic acids; and azide, but not cyanide.
      Out of 19 amino acids tested, only histidine, tryptophan and citrulline showed
      evidence of reaction. Among sulphur compounds, thiols, thiosulphate and sulphite
      reacted strongly; thioethers and thiocyanate did not. Carbohydrate and phenolic
      hydroxyls were unreactive but resorcinol and pyrogallol, having activated benzene
      nuclei, did react. Enols, especially ascorbic acid, reacted with DHR. Sites of
      reaction have not yet all been identified. Some DHR alkylations, e.g. of
      nicotinamide, could be reversible, and such products could in effect extend the
      life of DHR in vivo.

PMID- 6836606
TI  - Haematological changes induced by feeding a common food colour, metanil yellow,
      in albino mice.
AB  - Metanil yellow was administered daily in the food at the rate of 0.0, 0.1, 0.5
      and 3.0 g/kg body weight for 180 days to male and female albino mice. No change
      was observed by the first two doses but feeding of this colour at the rate of 3.0
      g/kg body weight led to certain changes in the haematological values. Total
      erythrocyte count (TEC) and Hb had decreased whereas ESR, MCV, and mean
      corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) had increased. These facts suggested the occurrence
      of normochromic macrocytic anaemia. Differential leukocyte count (DLC) showed
      marked increase in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes and decrease in the
      number of neutrophils and eosinophils. Heinz bodies were observed in 80-90%
      erythrocytes. Other haematological values like total leukocyte count (TLC),
      platelet count (PC), PCV, MCHC, bleeding time (BT) and coagulation time (CT) were
      normal.

PMID- 6836607
TI  - Functional alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats exposed
      prenatally to diazepam.
AB  - Prenatal exposure to diazepam in the rat from day 15 to day 21 of gestation
      induced a decrease in serum thyroxine levels in both male and female animals at 3
      and 6 weeks of age. Furthermore, female rats exposed prenatally to diazepam
      showed an increase in the TSH response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) when tested at 10-12 weeks of age, though their serum thyroxine level was
      normal. The results suggest that prenatal exposure to diazepam in rats during the
      last week of gestation affects the functional development of hypothalamic
      pituitary-thyroid axis.

PMID- 6836608
TI  - Dose-dependent modification of 1,1-dichloroethylene toxicity by acetone.
AB  - The ability of acetone to potentiate the toxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE)
      in male rats was investigated. A biphasic potentiation of DCE-induced
      hepatotoxicity was observed; low doses (5 and 10 mmol/kg, p.o.) of acetone were
      active, whereas higher doses (15 and 30 mmol/kg) were not. Nephrotoxicity was not
      affected.

PMID- 6836609
TI  - Changes in acetylcholine metabolism in rat brain after a short-term exposure to
      toluene and n-hexane.
AB  - To clarify the effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system (CNS),
      we exposed rats to toluene or n-hexane gas or a mixture of the two compounds at
      1000-8000 ppm for 8 h, and measured acetylcholine (ACh) content, choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in
      homogenized rat hippocampus. ACh was increased at low concentrations of the
      solvents, but was markedly reduced at high concentrations. ChAT activity was
      significantly reduced at high concentrations of solvent mixtures. AChE activity
      was increased by solvents. We concluded that both the decrease in ChAT activity
      and the increase in AChE activity were the cause of the decrease in ACh content.

PMID- 6836610
TI  - Elimination of adverse effects of ethoxyquin (EQ) by methionine hydroxy analog
      (MHA). Protective effects of EQ and MHA for bitterweed poisoning in sheep.
AB  - Dietary ethoxyquin (EQ) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) protected 6-8-month
      old wethers from toxic doses of bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata DC.). The EQ-MHA
      group received sweet feed (corn, oats, dehydrated alfalfa pellets, cane molasses
      and minerals), 500 g/day/sheep, supplemented with EQ and MHA (0.5% and 1.0% of
      feed, respectively) for 9 days prior to the poisoning with bitterweed while the
      MHA group received the same feed without EQ and controls received the same amount
      of feed with no additives. Two of 6 MHA-treated and 3 of 7 controls died whereas
      all 7 EQ-MHA-treated sheep survived after receiving 5 doses of bitterweed (5 X
      5.5 g/kg) in 6 days. Coadministration of MHA and EQ eliminated the adverse effect
      of EQ; dietary EQ lowered the serum albumin, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase
      content while protecting the animals from bitterweed poisoning. EQ is the most
      promising protective agent tested for bitterweed poisoning in sheep.

PMID- 6836611
TI  - Biochemical changes in liver and plasma of rats after oral administration of
      edifenphos.
AB  - Rats were treated, during 8 weeks, with different doses of edifenphos (0, 5, 10,
      20, 40 mg/kg/day) incorporated in the food. Treatments with 20 and 40 mg/kg
      increased the relative liver weight and hepatic concentrations of phospholipids,
      microsomal proteins and cytochrome P450. Aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline
      hydroxylase activities were increased at the same doses. Hepatic lipids and blood
      triacylglycerols remained unchanged by the treatment, but blood cholesterol
      increased significantly (33%) at 40 mg/kg. Plasma cholinesterase activity was
      slightly depressed in rats treated with the two higher doses. Under these
      experimental conditions, the dose of edifenphos, inducing no significant
      difference was 10 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 6836612
TI  - Effect of lantana toxicity on lysosomal and cytosol enzymes in guinea pig liver.
AB  - Oral administration of lantana leaf powder to guinea pigs caused an increase in
      the hepatic postmitochondrial fraction:homogenate ratios of activities of
      lysosomal enzymes--acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and DNase II. Enzyme activities
      of glucokinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were elevated whereas activity of glutathione-S-transferase
      decreased. Alterations in the activities of lysosomal and cytosol enzymes appear
      to constitute an important biochemical lesion in the pathogenesis of guinea pig
      liver in lantana toxicity.

PMID- 6836613
TI  - Lack of dominant lethal effects in male CD-1 mice after short-term and long-term
      exposures to vinyl chloride monomer.
AB  - Dominant lethal studies were conducted with vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in male
      CD-1 mice, using short-term (10 000 ppm, 4 h/day, for 5 days) and long-term (5000
      ppm, 4 h/day, 5 day/week, for 10 weeks) exposures. There was no evidence of
      dominant lethal effects due to VCM in either case. Semen examination of male mice
      after long-term exposure failed to reveal any alteration in sperm motility and
      shape. Sporadic appearance of giant cells was observed in the testes of males
      exposed to VCM, but was not considered to affect spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6836614
TI  - Species variation in the metabolic activation of paracetamol to toxic
      intermediates: role of cytochromes p-450 and p-448.
AB  - The metabolic activation of paracetamol to reactive intermediate(s) covalently
      bound to microsomes was investigated using microsomal preparations from various
      laboratory animals and man. The hamster and mouse, in contrast to the rat, were
      good activators. Microsomal preparations from 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)-induced
      hamsters were markedly more efficient in activating paracetamol than similar
      preparations from phenobarbital (PB)-induced animals. The activation of
      paracetamol by the 3MC-induced hamster preparations was inhibited by 9
      hydroxyellipticine but not by metyrapone. These results indicate that hepatic
      cytochrome P-448 but not cytochrome P-450 can convert paracetamol to reactive
      intermediate(s) which bind covalently to microsomal proteins.

PMID- 6836615
TI  - Modulation of galactosamine-induced liver injury by some amino acids or Triton
      WR1339.
AB  - Galactosamine administration to rats (600 mg/kg, i.p.) produces a severe liver
      necrosis at 24 h. Pretreatment with cystine, tryptophan or methionine (600 mg/kg,
      p.o., 30 min before the hepatotoxin) significantly prevents galactosamine-induced
      liver necrosis. Glutamic or aspartic acids, however, were not protective under a
      similar dosage regimen. The prior administration of Triton WR1339 (1 g/kg, i.v.,
      30 min before galactosamine) significantly enhanced the liver response to
      galactosamine-induced liver injury, whereas the administration of tyrosine
      resulted in death of the animals.

PMID- 6836616
TI  - Toxic activity of seventeen industrial solvents and halogenated compounds on
      human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.
AB  - Seventeen chemicals (solvents, insecticides and intermediates in the production
      of textiles and resins) were tested in a short-term in vitro system with human
      lymphocytes to determine their toxic action. The parameters studied were the
      tritiated thymidine uptake and cell viability in cultures grown with or without a
      rat liver metabolizing system (S-9 mix). Data obtained showed that 1,3
      dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, hexane, 1,2-diiodoethane, 1,4
      dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, 2,3-dibromopropanol, chloromethyl methyl
      ether, 1,2- and 1,3-dibromopropane, in order, exerted the more toxic effects;
      ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and benzene showed lower toxic
      activity. The chemicals lost their toxic power in the presence of the
      metabolizing system with the exception of 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene which
      maintained in some degree their toxicity even in the presence of the S-9 mix.
      Only chloromethyl methyl ether elicited unscheduled DNA synthesis acting as DNA
      damaging agent.

PMID- 6836617
TI  - Post-mortem and in vitro dimerization of metallothionein in cadmium-accumulated
      rat liver and kidney.
AB  - Metallothionein (MT) in the livers and kidneys of rats that died after repeated
      injections of cadmium (Cd) was selectively oxidized to dimers of MT with time
      after death. In vitro experiments suggest that the dimer formation is facilitated
      in heavily Cd-accumulated tissues by oxygen and temperature when cell damage
      occurs.

PMID- 6836618
TI  - The mutagenicity of a cyanide antidote, dimethylaminophenol, in Chinese hamster
      cells.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of a cyanide antidote, dimethylaminophenol (DMAP), has
      been studied at the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus
      in a line of Chinese hamster cells (V79), using induced resistance to 8
      azaguanine as a marker for forward, point mutation. In a replating type of assay
      DMAP produced a dose-dependent increase in mutation frequency in suspension
      treated cells, in the absence of any extrinsic metabolic activation system. The
      incorporation of a liver microsome preparation raised the concentration of DMAP
      required to induce mutation, but similar levels of induced mutation frequency
      (IMF) were produced.

PMID- 6836619
TI  - Studies on liver toxicants: influence of bromobenzene on hepatic microsomal drug
      metabolizing enzymes in the hamster.
AB  - The effect of bromobenzene on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes was
      investigated in hamsters after oral applications of 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg body weight.
      After 1.5 g/kg a decrease of aminopyrine N-demethylase as well as an increase of
      hepatic hydroperoxide formation occurred. At 3.0 g/kg, most mixed-function
      oxidases were inhibited with the exception of ketamine N-demethylase,
      methylayapanine O-demethylase, and coumarin 7-hydroxylase. Hydroperoxide
      formation was increased but lipoperoxidation was reduced. Neither
      glucuronyltransferase I nor glucuronyltransferase II were affected by
      bromobenzene treatment.

PMID- 6836620
TI  - Enzymological and biochemical changes produced by chronic chromium exposure in a
      teleost fish, Channa punctatus.
AB  - The chronic toxic effects of chromium (2.6 mg/1) on the carbohydrate metabolism
      of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus were examined after 60 and 120 days of
      exposure. After 60 days the lactic acid content of blood and muscles was
      increased but liver lactic acid content decreased. Liver glycogen was also
      depleted. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was inhibited in liver and
      kidney. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were also
      inhibited in all the tissues except muscles. Fish were hypoglycemic and
      hyperlactemic after 120 days of exposure to chromium. The glycogen content
      increased in liver but decreased in muscles. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was
      inhibited in all the six tissues. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase
      decreased in liver, intestine, gill and muscles. In muscles succinate
      dehydrogenase activity was elevated but inhibition was recorded in other tissues.

PMID- 6836622
TI  - Histological examination of the effect of differently fractionated irradiations
      on transplanted mouse-tumours. II. Observations with Harding-Passey melanoma.
AB  - Comparing the histological effects of differently fractionated X-ray
      irradiations, using always the same total dose, it seems that Harding-Passey
      melanoma suffers in the early time points more severe damage by relatively high
      radiation fractions given with 3 to 4 day intervals than from daily applied
      smaller fractions of radiation. The daily several times given ultra-fractionation
      may promote the tumour destroying effect of X-ray irradiation from some points of
      view.

PMID- 6836621
TI  - [Technic and results of radiotherapy in early stages of ovarian cancer].
AB  - By treating eleven patients with an individual large field therapy adapted to the
      single stage and subsequent chemotherapy (Leukeran), we obtained an average
      survival time of 42,6 months (living patients) and 37,6 months (patients died),
      respectively. Late complications of this therapy were not observed, the tolerance
      was good. In case of recurrence after this treatment, the reserves of bone marrow
      seem to be too small to allow an aggressive chemotherapy.

PMID- 6836623
TI  - In vivo localization of chlormerodrin-203Hg in rat kidney as determined by cell
      fractionation method.
AB  - Subcellular distribution of chlormerodrin-203Hg in the rat kidney has been
      studied. Two hours after i.v. injection of the radiopharmaceutical, kidney tissue
      homogenate was submitted to differential centrifugation to obtain cell
      organelles. Radioactivity distribution in relation to total radioactivity of
      kidney homogenate obtained in nine repeated experiments was as it follows (+/-
      SD): nuclei 3.5% (+/- 0.5); mitochondria 6.7% (+/- 0.6); microsomes 9.3% (+/-
      0.8) and cytosol 38% (+/- 3.9). Specific activities expressed as counts/min/mg of
      protein were 915 (+/- 13%), 1232 (+/- 14%) and 1097 (+/- 14%) for mitochondria,
      microsomes and cytosol, respectively. Specific activity of the nuclei was 1445
      (+/- 16%) counts/min/mg DNA. These results demonstrate that this imaging agent
      penetrates into the kidney cells where it remains mostly in the cytosol. A
      fraction of chlormerodrin-203Hg binds to microsomes, mitochondria and nuclei.

PMID- 6836624
TI  - X-ray induced mitotic delay and death of cells in different phases of the cell
      cycle. An autoradiographic study on jejunal crypt cells of the mouse using double
      labelling with 3H- and 14C-thymidine.
AB  - The cell-cycle phase specific effect of an X-ray absorbed dose of 1.9 Gy on
      jejunal crypt cells of the mouse was studied in terms of mitotic delay and in
      terms of radiation induced cell death. A double labelling method with 3H-and 14C
      thymidine was used in order to discriminate the cells in the different phases of
      the cell cycle. Cells irradiated during G2 phase are most radiosensitive, i.e.
      they exhibit the longest mitotic delay, followed in decreasing order by cells
      irradiated during early S and during the middle and end of S phase. Even some of
      the cells irradiated during G1 phase reach mitosis with a certain delay. A
      similar pattern of radiosensitivity is derived from the results on cell death.
      The death of cells irradiated at a higher phase age (G2 and S) is predominantly
      associated with the mitotic process, while the majority of cells irradiated
      during G1 and early S phase die out of interphase. A rough estimate has led to a
      mean life span of about 1 hr for radiation induced necrotic cells within the
      crypt.

PMID- 6836625
TI  - [Postoperative radiotherapy and radiogold treatment of ovarian cancer].
AB  - At the Allgemeine Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg, 240 patients with ovarian
      carcinomas were submitted to an adjuvant treatment between 1961 and 1973. The
      external therapy with telecobalt or by an 18 MeV betatron was dosed from 3000 to
      4000 rads. Most of the patients received an additional single intraperitoneal
      application of 150 mCi gold-198. The five-year survival rate of all patients was
      45%, whereas it was 71% for stage I, 47% for stage II, 21% for stage III, and 4%
      for stage IV. In 3% out of all cases, surgical procedure was necessary because of
      complications. Today, an indication for intraperitoneal therapy by radioactive
      isotopes is only adopted in case of a ruptured malignant ovarian tumor.

PMID- 6836626
TI  - Meiotic chromosomal translocations in male induced by X-irradiation.
AB  - The dose-response curve for reciprocal translocations induced by acute exposure
      of spermatogonial stem cells to X-rays in treated mice and their F-1 sons was
      examined. Male mice were totally irradiated with doses of 1 Gy; 5 X 1 Gy and 5
      Gy. The obtained results show that frequency of the chromosomal translocations in
      directly treated animals is dose dependent. The percentage of animals irradiated
      with 1 Gy which had the chromosomal translocations was 60, while this percentage
      in animals irradiated with single and fractionated dose of 5 Gy was 100. The
      frequency of chromosomal translocations varies from 1.5% to 8.0%. Multivalent
      configurations in F-1 males were observed after exposure to 5 Gy only. The
      incidence of F-1 translocated males was 17.5%.

PMID- 6836627
TI  - The need of adequate staging and aggressive therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
      Report of 66 cases.

PMID- 6836628
TI  - Relationship between cure rate of human cancer and delivered dose in
      radiotherapy.
AB  - The cure rate of tumors was analysed by a model, and applied to human cancer. The
      cure rate increased linearly when plotted on a probit scale against dose in
      logarithm. The coefficient of variation, the ratio of one standard deviation to
      the dose of 50% cure, was taken as an indicator. The minimum value of the
      coefficient of variation was 5% obtained theoretically, and 10% clinically. This
      difference might be due to the variability existing in cancer of patients. The
      complications to the normal tissues, which was induced by the radiotherapy of
      cancer, were also analysed. The coefficient of variation for the complication
      showed the same tendency to that of the cure rate. The cures without
      complications were affected by the coefficients of variation for the cure rate
      and for the complication rate. The coefficient of variation for the cure rate is
      determined by the stochastic effect of cell killing and the error in dose
      estimation. When the physical error was 5%, its effect on the cure rate could be
      negligible. But when its error became more than 10%, a significant difference of
      the cure rate would be observed clinically in some tumors. The accuracy of the
      dose estimation was emphasized.

PMID- 6836629
TI  - A medical record database in radiology.
AB  - A database system on the medical records of radiation therapy, computer
      tomographic and radioisotopic examinations of our department was created in
      Computing Center of Hokkaido University which has two remote terminals in the
      department. Old three filing systems which had been kept in three sections of our
      department independently since 1972 were integrated by the creation of the
      database. The main functions of our database management system are as follows; 1.
      data input through two minicomputers in the department; 2. data loading to the
      database from the minicomputers; 3. production of key word files and link files
      for generalised data handling. Seven files are defined in the database with total
      data of 30 Mega bytes at the end of 1981. Many programs for information retrieval
      and data processings were prepared and every member of the department can share
      both data and application programs registered. Outline and operation of the
      database system and some examples of data processings are reported.

PMID- 6836630
TI  - [Hyperthermia as cytotoxic and radiosensitizing agent: cellular effects--a
      review].
AB  - Some aspects of the effect of hyperthermia on mammalian cells are presented.
      Hyperthermia is an efficient means to kill cells or to reinforce the action of
      radiation. These effects depend on temperature. Between both effects exists a
      steep temperature gradient, making necessary an exact measurement of temperature.
      The cytotoxic effect prefers radioresistant cells such as hypoxic cells or cells
      in the late DNA synthesis phase. A combination will be favorable because both
      therapy methods supplement each other, but produce no interaction. If one wishes
      to take advantage of the radiosensitizing effect, hyperthermia intervenes in the
      processes of recovery after the radiation insult. It is therefore indicated
      especially in case of tumors presenting a great capacity of cells recovery. Here,
      a real interaction between hyperthermia and radiotherapy takes place at the same
      target. Cellular death after hyperthermia and radiotherapy is caused by different
      mechanisms. All these data suggest the following recommendations for clinical
      practice: The temperature should be chosen higher or lower than 42 degrees C
      depending on the desired effect (cytotoxic or radiosensitizing effect). Under the
      point of view of recovery, radiotherapy should be followed by hyperthermia. In
      order to avoid an induction of resistance against hyperthermal treatment,
      hyperthermia should be combined as often as possible with radiotherapy.

PMID- 6836631
TI  - Modification of thermal response by fractionation of hyperthermia.

PMID- 6836632
TI  - Blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and pH-distribution in malignant tumors upon
      localized hyperthermia. Basic pathophysiological aspects and the role of various
      thermal doses.

PMID- 6836634
TI  - [Results of combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy in case of malignant tumors of
      the head and neck area].
AB  - 102 patients with prospectively radioresistant malignant tumours of the head and
      neck area were treated by a combination of hyperthermia and radiotherapy. 92
      patients who received a sufficient dose were analysed. 71 of them (77%) developed
      an improvement of the disease, in 54 cases (59%) a complete remission was
      achieved. Local recurrences occurred in only 13 cases (24%) within an average of
      11 months from the end of treatment. Distant metastases did not exceed usual
      frequency, and apparently there was no hyperthermia-dependent provocation.
      Advantages of this combined therapy are better regression of large hyp- and
      anoxic tumours and good tolerance. Its influence on survival-time, however, seems
      doubtful.

PMID- 6836633
TI  - Clinical results after different protocols of combined local heat and radiation.
AB  - Since 1977, 69 patients with 138 multiple lesions have been treated with combined
      radiotherapy and hyperthermia, according to 3 protocols. Firstly, radiotherapy
      was given following a thrice-a-day fractionation scheme of 1.5 to 2 Gy/fraction,
      up to 60 Gy. Hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C/45 min) was applied each other day,
      immediately after the 2nd radiation fraction. Immediate response resulted
      significantly higher in the combined group (76% clearances in comparison with 46%
      after radiotherapy alone). Secondly, tumors received 40 Gy/8 fractions, twice a
      week, and hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C/45 min) was applied with each radiotherapy
      fraction, either immediately after irradiation (simultaneously) or 4 h later
      (sequentially). A remarkable improvement of radiation response was obtained,
      especially with the simultaneous treatment. Thirdly, tumors received 30 Gy/6
      fractions, twice a week. Hyperthermia (45 degrees C/30 min) was applied
      simultaneously with each radiotherapy fraction and the surrounding skin was
      cooled. Complete tumor clearance was achieved in 88% lesions in comparison with
      31% after radiotherapy alone. As expected, the incidence of thermal damage on
      uncooled skin was also increased. In conclusion, the best therapeutic ratio was
      obtained with low fractional radiotherapy doses and low temperature hyperthermia.

PMID- 6836635
TI  - [Occurrence and prognosis of medulloblastoma in adult persons].
AB  - Between 1962 and 1981, 37 patients with histologically proved medulloblastomas
      have been treated at the hospitals of the University of Munster. 17 patients died
      immediately after operation or were, when admitted, in such a bad condition that
      any therapy was impossible. Since about 1972, the therapy of choice is the
      operation and post-irradiation of the neurocranium with saturating irradiation of
      the posterior cranial fossa as well as irradiation of the complete cerebrospinal
      system down to the second sacral vertebra, because the tumor tends to spinal
      formation of metastases. Among our patients, twelve were treated in this manner.
      Before this time, patients were only operated and submitted to an irradiation of
      the posterior cranial fossa. Eight patients were treated according to this
      incomplete therapy scheme, five of whom were younger than twelve and three older
      than fourty years. The tumor was situated in one side of the cerebellum in the
      three adult patients. The children had a shorter survival time than the adults,
      except one four years old child who survives already 228 months after the
      treatment and has to be considered as cured. Our medical records showed at the
      same time that the course of this disease is considerably worse in infants up to
      three years than in older patients.

PMID- 6836636
TI  - [Preoperative irradiation of hypernephroid renal carcinoma].
AB  - Two groups of patients with renal cell carcinoma were compared to test the effect
      of preoperative short-term-radiation: 30 patients with hypernephroma, were
      treated by the same method (nephrectomy and postoperative radiation) and a
      farther 30 patients were treated for one week with preoperative radiation (a
      total dose of 18 to 21 Gy), radical nephrectomy performed after a 3 to 4 day
      break and postoperative radiation. At the same time a clear increase was shown in
      the 3-year-survival period as well as that of the 5-year-period. Without
      preoperative radiotherapy 36.7% survived for 3 years and 33.4% for 5 years, with
      preoperative radiation 56.7% for 3 years and 50% for 5 years.

PMID- 6836637
TI  - [Irradiation of the para-aortic ducts. Presentation of an radiation technic with
      a largely fixed patient's position].
AB  - An irradiation planning program has been developed at the Radiologic University
      Hospital of Graz which allows an interactive optimization of the energy dose
      distribution of a Co-60 radiation. This program is running in a minicomputer of
      type DEC PDP-11/34 under the operation system RSX-11. With the aid of this
      system, a technique has been developed for irradiating the para-aortic lymph
      canals which complies with theoretical as well as practical optimization
      criteria. These optimization criteria are defined, and the usefulness of this
      irradiation technique is compared with a conventional method and demonstrated on
      the clinical example.

PMID- 6836638
TI  - [Radiotherapy of the hemangioma of the choroid].
AB  - For the first time, a report is given on the percutaneous radiotherapy of
      hemangiomas of the choroid which could not be treated by photocoagulation.
      Diagnosis and control examinations of these tumors were performed by
      ophthalmoscopy, fluorescence angiography, and ultrasonography. Ten eyes (nine
      patients, three out of them with Sturge-Weber's disease) were treated between
      1967 and 1982. A first group (five eyes, five patients) treated until 1974
      received a target volume dose of 1,65 to 6,5 Gy combined with subsequent
      photocoagulation. All these eyes could be preserved. In addition, the second
      group (five eyes, four patients) treated since 1975 with unique radiotherapy
      showed better results with respect to visual acuity. The average follow-up period
      was four years (seven months up to nine years). Late effects were not observed.
      Even in case of advanced disease with retinal ablation and secondary glaucoma, an
      inactivation of the hemangioma of the choroid and a simultaneous regression of
      the secondary alterations could be achieved. According to our experiences,
      enucleations can be prevented by an irradiation with a target volume dose of 20
      to 30 Gy.

PMID- 6836639
TI  - [Computer tomography contrast media studies for the demonstration and therapy
      control of angiomatous tumors of the eye using the example of ocular
      manifestations of Sturge-Weber disease].
AB  - Thin-layer computed tomography of the orbit together with contrast representation
      by computed tomography in form of circulation studies is the only non-invasive
      method to represent intraocular hemangiomatous tumors hidden under an exsudative
      detachment of the retina. This method allows to establish exact tumor parameters
      which are necessary for an efficient therapy. In this case, radiotherapy with
      Cs137 is applied.

PMID- 6836640
TI  - [Comparative studies on the patient's exposure to radiation in case of spinal
      thin-layer computed tomography and of conventional radiologic examination
      methods].
AB  - The doses received by the organs in case of spinal thin-layer computed
      tomography, conventional tomography and myelography of the inferior lumbar spine
      (with first portion of the sacrum) were determined with CaF2 thermoluminescence
      dosemeters in the Alderson Rando phantom. As compared to computed tomography, the
      organ doses of the conventional examination methods were lower within the region
      of primary radiation and higher within the region of scattered radiation.
      Generally, patients examined by spinal thin-layer computed tomography of the
      inferior lumbar spine run a greater somatic radiation risk than those submitted
      to conventional examination methods.

PMID- 6836641
TI  - Implications of changing trends in cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease
      mortality.

PMID- 6836642
TI  - True three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance neuro-imaging in ischemic
      stroke: correlation of NMR, X-ray CT and pathology.
AB  - True three-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was
      performed on an 84-year-old man following a recent cerebral embolic infarction.
      NMR data obtained using different pulse sequences were inter-correlated,
      stressing the significance of image appearance in terms of the NMR tissue
      parameters. Planes selected for display from the three-dimensional data set
      allowed optimal visualization of the pathology. Accurate correlations of the NMR
      data with X-ray computerized tomography scans and with subsequent autopsy
      findings indicate that NMR may play an important role in the detection and
      diagnosis of ischemic stroke.

PMID- 6836644
TI  - Chronological sequences and blood-brain barrier permeability changes in local
      injury as assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images from sliced rat
      brain.
AB  - Two experiments were done with a prototype mini-NMR imager to evaluate the
      potential application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in
      neuropathology. Cryo-injury-induced brain edema in brain slices from 22 adult
      male rats was imaged for observing the chronological sequences. Blood-brain
      barrier permeability changes were evaluated in 12 other brain slice images. EDTA
      2Na-Mn solution was intravenously injected as an indicator of blood-brain barrier
      permeability. Contrast enhancement was achieved by changing the NMR imaging
      parameters. High resolution imaging permitted visualization of the corpus
      callosum, the thickness of which was only 0.2-0.4 mm. The extent of edema in gray
      matter was clearly shown with a striking contrast; no consistent findings were
      seen with slight differences in water content between edema and the surrounding
      normal cortex. As a result, the chronological sequences of brain edema were
      clearly observed. Mn-EDTA leaking from the circulating blood through the damaged
      capillary wall had a "paradoxical enhancement" effect on the NMR images; this
      effect might be suitable for evaluating blood-brain barrier permeability changes
      in NMR images.

PMID- 6836643
TI  - Acute NMR changes during MCA occlusion: a preliminary study in primates.
AB  - Advancements in computer science and magnet design have resulted in the recent
      development of high resolution NMR imaging systems. Using our primate model we
      evaluated the ability of NMR scanning to detect early changes following middle
      cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Serial NMR scans documented progressive changes
      secondary to edema and swelling beginning ninety minutes after MCA occlusion. NMR
      was also able to readily demonstrate the area of cerebral infarct 10 days after a
      six hour episode of MCA occlusion. Soft tissue contrast and image resolution were
      superb. Correlation with pathologic sections was excellent.

PMID- 6836645
TI  - Human pial vascular reactions to intravenous Nimodipine-infusion during EC-IC
      bypass surgery.
AB  - In previous experimental work, the Ca-antagonist Nimodipine had shown a
      predominantly cerebroarterial dilatory effect. In the present double-blind study
      of 16 patients, pial arterial and venous reaction was investigated during EC-IC
      bypass surgery, infusing 1 microgram kg-1min-1 of Nimodipine intravenously. In
      pial arteries with resting diameters between 25 and 70 micrometers, a significant
      18% dilatation was observed. Results are considered promising for future trials
      in the treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemia caused by vasoconstriction
      or vasospasm, especially vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 6836646
TI  - Transtentorial diaschisis: reduction of cerebellar blood flow caused by
      supratentorial local cerebral ischemia in the gerbil.
AB  - To assess the effect of supratentorial cerebral ischemia on infratentorial brain
      function, changes in regional cerebellar blood flow (rCeBF), after right carotid
      occlusion for 4 hours, were studied in 30 mongolian gerbils. The regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the occluded cerebral hemisphere and rCeBF in both
      cerebellar hemispheres were measured simultaneously by hydrogen clearance
      methods. Before carotid occlusion, rCBF was 0.44 +/- 0.07 ml/g brain/min, and
      rCeBF in the left and right cerebellar hemispheres was 0.37 +/- 0.09 and 0.40 +/-
      0.09 ml/g brain/min, respectively. After carotid occlusion, rCBF decreased in all
      animals showing levels of above 0.20 ml/g brain/min in 14 (group A), between 0.10
      and 0.19 ml/g brain/min in 7 (group B) and below 0.10 ml/g brain/min in 9 (group
      C). rCeBF exhibited no changes in group A and a mild reduction in group B after
      carotid occlusion. In group C, rCeBF was significantly reduced 30 min after
      carotid occlusion in the left cerebellar hemisphere followed subsequently by
      bilateral reduction. In groups B and C, supratentorial brain edema was observed 4
      hours after occlusion, but the degree of edema was moderate. The results of the
      present study suggest that depression of infratentorial brain function may occur
      after supratentorial local cerebral ischemia, presumably due to diaschisis.

PMID- 6836647
TI  - Pathophysiology of ischemic cell death: I. Time of onset of irreversible damage;
      importance of the different components of the ischemic insult.
AB  - Rabbit retina was used as an example of organized central nervous tissue in in
      vitro experiments designed to characterize the onset of cell death from ischemia.
      Retinas were subjected to progressively longer periods of different types of
      ischemic insult and then given an opportunity to recover before being tested for
      irreversible damage, using failure to reinstitute protein synthesis as the
      principal criterion. Anoxia was more damaging than substrate deprivation, but
      they were synergistic in combination. Restricting the volume of extracellular
      fluid during the combined deprivation, to simulate complete circulatory arrest in
      vivo, caused irreversible damage to occur even sooner. The cells were able to
      recover from 20 min of the complete ischemia, but it took them more than 2 h to
      do so. After 30 min, there was extensive irreversible damage. Loss of viability
      was usually associated with failure to reinstitute energy metabolism, as assessed
      by 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Under some circumstances loss of viability may have
      been the consequence of the failed energy metabolism. Increasing medium Mg++,
      prior to ischemia, to levels that greatly reduce energy requirements caused a
      significant improvement in the recovery of 2-deoxyglucose uptake.

PMID- 6836649
TI  - Pathophysiology of ischemic cell death: III. Role of extracellular factors.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on cell survival of
      extracellular changes that occur during ischemia, over and above the depletion of
      O2 and substrate. Rabbit retinas were deprived in vitro of both O2 and substrate,
      and then returned to control medium for 4 h before recovery was assessed by
      measuring protein synthesis, glucose utilization, and tissue water. Experimental
      conditions were altered in various ways during the period of O2 and substrate
      deprivation in order to modify the changes taking place in the interstitial fluid
      as a result of the failure of energy metabolism. When O2-free, substrate-free
      extracellular electrolyte solution was added to the retinas to reduce the
      ischemia-induced changes in the interstitial fluid, there was marked reduction in
      irreversible damage. But when energy-deprived retinas were exposed to retinas
      that had already been ischemic, or to interstitial fluid from ischemic retinas,
      there was an increase in irreversible damage. Removing Ca++ from the
      extracellular fluid during the period of energy deprivation increased the damage
      due to short deprivations in a restricted volume of extracellular fluid, but
      reduced the damage from longer deprivations in a large volume of extracellular
      fluid. The results demonstrate that several changes occur in the extracellular
      fluid during ischemia that significantly affect recovery.

PMID- 6836648
TI  - Pathophysiology of ischemic cell death: II. Changes in plasma membrane
      permeability and cell volume.
AB  - Isolated rabbit retinas were subjected for various durations to several types of
      ischemic insult, and then returned to control medium for periods of up to 4 3/4 h
      before measurements were made of total water, inulin-free water, and plasma
      membrane permeability as assessed by mannitol penetration into the inulin-free
      water. Neither anoxia nor substrate deprivation alone, for as long as 50 min,
      caused significant irreversible swelling, but they were synergistic in
      combination. Restricting the volume of extracellular fluid during the combined
      deprivation caused the changes responsible for swelling to occur much sooner.
      There was a progressive increase in membrane permeability, with a delayed
      increase in intracellular water beginning about 2 h after the ischemic insult.
      Cell swelling correlated closely with loss of viability as evidenced by failure
      to reinstitute protein synthesis, but the swelling appeared to be the consequence
      rather than the cause of the initial irreversible damage.

PMID- 6836650
TI  - The angiopathy of subarachnoid hemorrhage: angiographic and morphologic
      correlates.
AB  - In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, particularly hemorrhage due to
      aneurysmal rupture, there was a positive significant relation between
      angiographic vessel constriction and vessel pathology (angiopathy). Furthermore,
      there was a positive relationship between post-hemorrhage survival time and the
      severity of angiopathy. Factors such as age, sex, operations, steroid and CSF
      pressure seemed to have little affect on angiopathy following hemorrhage.
      Pathological changes were primarily limited to the involved major cerebral
      vessels themselves, with their branches rarely being affected. While intramural
      vascular hemorrhage was a common pathological feature in vessels showing severe
      pathology, the mere presence of blood surrounding an artery seemed to have little
      influence on vessel alterations.

PMID- 6836651
TI  - Auscultation of cervical and ocular bruits in extracranial carotid occlusive
      disease: a clinical and angiographic study.
AB  - The clinical and angiographic features of cervical and ocular bruits were
      correlated in 50 consecutive patients with severe extracranial internal carotid
      artery occlusive disease. Cervical bruits, generally localized to the carotid
      bifurcation, were highly associated (P = 0.004) with "tight" (residual lumen less
      than or equal to 2 mm) internal carotid artery stenosis, but significantly less
      often with a widely patent or occluded internal carotid artery. Angiographic
      features of a "slow-flow" state through a patent, but "tight" stenosis were
      identified as the apparent explanation for the absence of bruit in some patients.
      A unilateral ocular bruit contralateral to the side of internal carotid artery
      occlusion occurred in 9 of 10 patients, more often than an associated cervical
      bruit, and was interpreted as a sign of augmentation flow.

PMID- 6836653
TI  - Mechanisms of relaxant action of nicardipine, a new Ca++-antagonist, on isolated
      dog cerebral and mesenteric arteries.
AB  - In helically-cut strips of cerebral and mesenteric arteries contracted with
      prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (cTxA2) or K+, the
      addition of nicardipine caused a dose-related relaxation. Nicardipine-induced
      relaxation was greater in cerebral than in mesenteric arteries when contracted
      with PGF2 alpha and cTxA2, but did not appreciably differ in the arteries
      contracted with K+. Cerebral arteries contracted with hemolysate and PGF2 alpha
      relaxed in response to nicardipine to a similar extent. The contractile response
      to PGF2 alpha was attenuated by pretreatment with nicardipine, the attenuation
      being greater in cerebral than in mesenteric arteries. Ca++-induced contractions
      in cerebral and mesenteric arteries previously exposed to Ca++-free media and
      depolarized by excess K+ were attenuated by nicardipine to a similar extent. PGF2
      alpha-induced contractions of cerebral arteries exposed to Ca++-free media were
      attenuated by nicardipine, whereas those of mesenteric arteries were unaffected.
      Attenuations by nicardipine of the Ca++-induced contraction in PGF2 alpha-treated
      cerebral arteries were greater than those seen in mesenteric arteries. It may be
      concluded that nicardipine produces a greater relaxation of cerebral arteries
      than mesenteric arteries, possibly due to a greater inhibition of the Ca++-influx
      and to a decrease in the release of Ca++ from intracellular storage sites in
      cerebral arteries. As far as the concentrations used are concerned, nicardipine
      appears to attenuate the inward movement of Ca++ across cell membrane in
      mesenteric arterial smooth muscle, but not the release of intracellularly stored
      Ca++.

PMID- 6836652
TI  - Effects of vasoconstriction and distal dilation on carotid stenoses in the dog.
AB  - Traditionally, arterial stenoses have been assumed to be inflexible, static
      obstructive lesions that could not acutely change their configuration or cross
      sectional area. However, recent clinical and experimental observations have shown
      that coronary arterial stenoses can respond to vasoconstriction and intraluminal
      pressure changes. This experimental study evaluated whether similar dynamic
      changes could occur in a carotid artery stenosis. The effects of dilation distal
      to a circumferential snare were examined in 6 mongrel dogs. To eliminate
      collateral flow, the distal carotid artery was occluded and blood flow diverted
      through a 16 or 20 gauge needle. With no stenosis, distal dilation increased flow
      from 29.0 +/- 2.0 to 90.1 +/- 3.8 ml/min, (p less than 0.01). With moderate
      stenosis, the flow increase (25.5 +/- 1.3 to 56.4 +/- 3.7 ml/min, p less than
      0.01 following dilation was attenuated. With severe stenosis, flow paradoxically
      decreased (20.4 +/- 1.0 to 11.4 +/- 1.0 ml/min, (p less than 0.01). This flow
      decrease was associated with a large stenotic resistance increase (2.13 +/- 0.51
      to 18.93 +/- 5.58 mm Hg/ml . min-1, (p less than 0.01). In eight additional
      experiments, an in vitro preparation was used to examine the effects of
      vasoconstriction on stenotic severity. Vasoconstriction, induced by ergonovine,
      methoxamine, angiotensin, or vasopressin, resulted in a significant flow decrease
      and stenotic resistance increase. Thus, both vasoconstriction and intraluminal
      pressure were shown to affect stenotic severity, and thereby influence blood
      flow. These data illustrate hemodynamic factors which may be important in
      patients with severe carotid artery stenosis.

PMID- 6836654
TI  - CT and arteriographic comparison of patients with transient ischemic attacks-
      correlation with small infarction of basal ganglia.
AB  - Fifty patients presenting clinically with TIAs were examined angiographically.
      Twenty one patients (42%) had no abnormality. Twenty patients (40%) had stenosis
      or occlusion in the MCA, ACA or intracranial carotid, whereas 11 (22%) had
      involvement of their extracranial internal carotid artery. Seven of the 28 CTs
      performed showed basal ganglia infarcts. This suggests that the cause for the TIA
      was an infarct in the vascular territory of a lenticulostriate artery.

PMID- 6836655
TI  - Acute hypertensive subdural hematoma from arterial rupture shortly after the
      onset of cerebral subcortical hemorrhage: leakage of contrast medium during
      angiography.
AB  - A case is reported of a Japanese female in whom acute right subdural hematoma due
      to the spontaneous rupture of the posterior branch of the right central artery
      occurred shortly after the onset of hypertensive subcortical hemorrhage of the
      right occipital lobe. Marked hypertension persisted. There was no evidence of
      subdural hematoma when a small collection of extravasated contrast medium from
      the cortical artery was revealed during right carotid angiography. Soon
      thereafter the patient became comatose and developed decerebrate posturing.
      Computed tomography scan was done immediately and a large subdural hematoma was
      identified. There was a gratifying response to prompt recognition and
      neurosurgical therapy of the condition. The pinpoint rupture of the cortical
      artery is considered to have occurred during marked hypertension. Previous 39
      cases with subdural hematomas from arterial rupture, 27 traumatic and 12
      spontaneous nontraumatic, are reviewed.

PMID- 6836659
TI  - Epileptic seizures in patients with cerebral arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 6836657
TI  - Vascular dementia--still overdiagnosed.

PMID- 6836660
TI  - Acute medical therapy of stroke.

PMID- 6836658
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid bruit and stenosis: a reappraisal.

PMID- 6836656
TI  - The chronic influence of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels is age-related.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic sympathetic
      denervation on cerebral vessels of the spontaneously hypertensive rat when
      superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in adulthood. In a previous study,
      we have demonstrated increased protein transfer across the cerebral vessels of
      the chronically denervated hemisphere when superior cervical ganglionectomy was
      performed in adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rats. After four weeks of
      sympathetic denervation, the adult rats in this study did not demonstrate
      increased protein transfer in the denervated compared to the innervated cerebral
      hemisphere. Thus, the "trophic" effect of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels
      appears to be age-related.

PMID- 6836661
TI  - Contraceptive users in rural Bangladesh: a time trend analysis.
AB  - An examination of the characteristics of contraceptive acceptors in a family
      planning program in rural Bangladesh revealed trends of declining age and number
      of living children among new acceptors. A time series analysis of the age
      specific acceptance rates confirmed the observation, indicating that over time
      the program succeeded in attracting younger and low-parity women. The high use
      prevalence rates resulted in fertility levels that were 25 percent lower in the
      program area than in the comparison area. The decline in the fertility levels
      during the first program year was mainly due to a large decline in fertility
      among women over age 35, but in the second year, the contribution made by women
      30-35 years old was substantial.

PMID- 6836662
TI  - Family planning field research projects: balancing internal against external
      validity.
AB  - This report discusses the experience of a two-year family planning and
      maternal/child health project in Nepal. Although the project was planned as an
      experimental field research endeavor, a series of unanticipated events repeatedly
      compromised the internal validity of the project and forced design changes. While
      unexpected events are common in the history of most field projects, they present
      the research evaluator with the fundamental dilemma of trying to maintain a high
      degree of internal validity without sacrificing external validity. Rigid research
      designs with tight control over the introduction and measurement of experimental
      variables may serve to increase internal validity but they may also create an
      atypical and artificial situation that fails to mirror real field conditions and
      thus threatens external validity.

PMID- 6836663
TI  - Contraceptive failure and continuation among married women in the United States,
      1970-75.
AB  - Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this study reports
      differentials in contraceptive use-failure and continuation among married women
      aged 15-44 years in the United States. Failure rates differed by contraceptive
      intention. Within categories of intention, these rates differed by method, age,
      race, and parity. Users of modern methods had higher continuation rates than
      users of traditional methods. These results indicate that a woman's motivation is
      an important factor in long-term successful use of available contraceptive
      methods and that more effective and easier to use methods need to be developed.

PMID- 6836664
TI  - Perceptions of family planning among rural Kenyan women.

PMID- 6836666
TI  - IUDs and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 6836668
TI  - [Increasing the role of forensic medicine in solving problems of complete and
      detailed investigation of crimes].

PMID- 6836667
TI  - [Activities of the All-Union Scientific Association of Forensic Physicians].

PMID- 6836670
TI  - [Improving the quality of forensic medicine--an important step in furthering
      justice].

PMID- 6836671
TI  - [Current state of postgraduate training of forensic medicine experts and
      prospects for its improvement].

PMID- 6836665
TI  - Physicians vs. auxiliary nurse-midwives as providers of IUD services: a study in
      Turkey and the Philippines.

PMID- 6836669
TI  - [Interactions of the inquest staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the
      Soviet Union with the institutions of forensic medicine].

PMID- 6836674
TI  - [Forensic medical characteristics of wounds inflicted by an automatic handgun].

PMID- 6836675
TI  - [Classification of the surfaces of blunt instruments for their identification by
      the characteristic features of the inflicted wounds].

PMID- 6836672
TI  - [Method of diagnosis and estimation of pathologic changes in the coronary
      arteries].

PMID- 6836673
TI  - [Hemochromatosis in forensic medicine].

PMID- 6836676
TI  - [Mechanical properties of the dura mater of the human brain].

PMID- 6836677
TI  - [Urinary levels of ethanol in patients with disorders of carbohydrate
      metabolism].

PMID- 6836678
TI  - [Current state and prospects in the research in the field of forensic evaluation
      of material evidence].

PMID- 6836679
TI  - [Role of the genetically polymorphic systems Pa, Pr and Db in human saliva in
      forensic medicine].

PMID- 6836681
TI  - [Extraction-photometric determination of cadmium with 2,2'-dipyridyl in the human
      liver].

PMID- 6836682
TI  - [Determination of the location of the driver and passengers of the car in traffic
      accidents].

PMID- 6836680
TI  - [Determination of the N factor].

PMID- 6836683
TI  - [Isolated trauma of the common carotid artery].

PMID- 6836684
TI  - [Detection of meningitis symptoms after late exhumation].

PMID- 6836685
TI  - [Forensic determination of murder disguised as suicide by hanging].

PMID- 6836686
TI  - [A case of no-spa poisoning].

PMID- 6836688
TI  - [Approaches to the further development and improvement of forensic medicine in
      the USSR].

PMID- 6836687
TI  - [Poisoning by an alcohol solution of selenious acid].

PMID- 6836689
TI  - Serologic and IgG subclass characterization of Cartwright (Yt) and Gerbich (Ge)
      antibodies.
AB  - Examples of anti-Yta and anti-Ge were tested for reactivity with red cells
      treated with proteolytic enzymes and with antisera of known IgG specificity.
      Eight of 14 examples of anti-Yta did not react as well with cells treated with
      either papain or ficin; treatment with trypsin did not reduce reactivity. Four
      examples of the anti-Yta were IgG4; the others tested did not react with IgG
      subclass antisera. Of 13 examples of anti-Ge, seven failed to react with red
      cells treated with trypsin, ficin, or papain. Nine examples were IgG1, one was
      IgG1 plus IgG3, and three did not react with IgG subclass antisera.

PMID- 6836691
TI  - Tca: a high-frequency blood group antigen.
AB  - An IgG antibody defining a high-frequency red cell antigen was detected in the
      sera of two unrelated, nontransfused black women GT (gravida 1, para 0) and DLC
      (gravida 4, para 2). Inheritance of the antigen was established by the family
      study of DLC. The clinical significance of the antibody is not yet known. The
      antibody has been designated anti-Tca, and the corresponding antigen, Tca. No
      Tc(a-) individuals were found among 5000 Caucasians, 5000 Japanese, or 450
      blacks; however, anti-Tca was identified in the sera of two other unrelated black
      women (LZ and WM). A relationship between Tca and Cra has been proposed by other
      serologists, but further evidence is needed to confirm the association.

PMID- 6836690
TI  - Further studies on the dependence of some examples of anti-M and anti-N on the
      presence of red-cell-borne sialic acid.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that some examples of anti-M and anti-N fail to
      agglutinate neuraminidase-treated (NeuNAc-depleted) red cells. This investigation
      extends those observations and shows that the antibodies fail to bind to such
      treated red cells. These observations may mean that NeuNAc residues act to orient
      the protein portion of the MN sialoglycoprotein so that it is recognized by the
      antibodies. Alternatively, it is possible that NeuNAc residues are an integral
      part of the antigen defined.

PMID- 6836692
TI  - An anti-neutrophil antibody associated with a propylthiouracil-induced lupus-like
      syndrome.
AB  - A 15-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis controlled by propylthiouracil presented
      with chills, fever, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia,
      hypergammaglobulinemia, immune complexes, a positive anti-nuclear antibody test,
      and a cellular marrow with normal maturation. Anti-neutrophil antibody was
      detected by cytotoxicity testing. The activity was restricted to the IgM fraction
      and was absorbed optimally at 4 degrees C. The antibody activity was recovered in
      both heat and ether eluates made from granulocytes. Lymphocytes, platelets, and
      red blood cells failed to absorb reactivity. The antibody did not inhibit
      superoxide production or bacterial killing. Propylthiouracil was discontinued and
      all signs and symptoms resolved.

PMID- 6836693
TI  - Plasmapheresis in a child with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
AB  - Plasmapheresis, using fresh-frozen plasma for replacement, has been reported to
      be of benefit in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and in thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura. Both diseases have the same pathological
      characteristics and, possibly, the same pathogenesis. The mechanism by which
      plasma exchange results in clinical improvement is not clearly established,
      although recent reports indicate that it may be based on prostacyclin replacement
      rather than the removal of humoral factors toxic for platelets or vascular walls.
      Exchange plasmapheresis using an intermittent-flow cell processor with a
      disposable 100-ml pediatric centrifuge bowl is described in a 5-year-old girl
      with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

PMID- 6836694
TI  - Complement activation by plasma separator membranes.
AB  - Because of their structural similarity to dialysis membranes, six plasma
      separator membranes were evaluated for the ability to activate complement, as
      judged by immunoconversion of the third component of complement in crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. A polysulfone and two cellulose acetate membranes were
      relatively strong alternative pathway activators. Polypropylene, poly[vinylidine
      fluoride] and polyvinyl-chloride derivative membranes were weak activators in
      some sera. Membrane activation was inhibited in citrate-anticoagulated but not in
      heparin-anticoagulated plasma. The results of such in vitro screening should be
      of value in selecting materials and anticoagulation regimens for membrane plasma
      separators.

PMID- 6836695
TI  - Serum potassium changes following packed red cell transfusions in newborn
      infants.
AB  - We studied the effect of packed red cell transfusions on serum potassium levels
      in sick newborn infants. In 11 transfusions the infants' serum potassium levels
      fell from a mean of 5.1 +/- 1.2 mEq per 1 (SD) to 4.9 +/- 1.2 mEq per 1 within 1
      hour of the transfusion. Plasma potassium in stored packed red cells rose
      markedly within 48 hours of drawing. In spite of this, the transfusion of 10 ml
      per kg of packed red cells did not affect the serum potassium concentration in
      the newborn infant.

PMID- 6836697
TI  - In vitro evaluation of a pediatric microaggregate blood filter.
AB  - Use of a pediatric stainless steel microaggregate screen filter to filter whole
      blood, gravity-sedimented packed cells, and centrifuged packed cells (cPC) from
      20 healthy adults resulted in excessive levels of hemolysis (to 1477.9 mg/dl
      plasma hemoglobin with 5-day-old cPC) and unacceptable frequency of occlusion (10
      to 40 percent).

PMID- 6836696
TI  - Anti-Cra: family study and survival of chromium-labeled incompatible red cells in
      a Spanish-American patient.
AB  - A 22-year-old Spanish-American woman with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis developed
      anti-Cra after transfusion during colectomy. No Cra negative family members were
      found among 13 relatives, including four siblings and both parents. Chromium
      labeled red cell survival studies showed a T1/2 of 14 days with Cra positive
      cells. Two units of Cra positive blood were transfused uneventfully for bleeding
      after ileorectal anastomosis.

PMID- 6836698
TI  - Evaluation of a new blood typing instrument.

PMID- 6836699
TI  - More on Lewis antibodies and transfusion.

PMID- 6836700
TI  - Joint statement on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related to
      transfusion.

PMID- 6836701
TI  - Microaggregate filtration.

PMID- 6836702
TI  - Microaggregate blood filtration and the febrile transfusion reaction. A
      comparative study.
AB  - Seventy-four patients with chronic transfusion requirements and histories of
      repetitive febrile reactions were transfused with 1138 units of microaggregate
      filtered red cells. The filtered blood was prepared using either a direct
      interception or a depth filter. One-half of the units were centrifuged
      immediately prior to filtration. Microaggregate filtration reduced the overall
      incidence of febrile transfusion reactions by 77 percent. The centrifugation
      filtration protocol reduced the rate of reactions by 98 percent. There were no
      differences between the ability of the different filters to reduce the reaction
      rate; however, red cell loss was twice as large with the depth filter as with the
      direct interception filter. The numerical criterion for "leukocyte-poor blood"
      was met in all units processed by centrifugation-filtration. Only units processed
      during the last 2 weeks of shelf-life fulfilled this criterion when
      centrifugation was omitted from the procedure. The majority of the latter units
      were clinically tolerated well due to their reduced granulocyte content.

PMID- 6836704
TI  - Evaluation of naturally occurring cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in normal and
      UV-irradiated mice.
AB  - The levels of NCMC activity residing in the spleens of normal and UV-irradiated
      mice (subsequent to augmentation with polyinosinic.polycytidylic acid [poly I.C])
      were evaluated using tumor target cells from both lymphoid and solid tumor
      sources. Early in the UV-irradiation protocols a low-level, transient depression
      in NCMC function was detected. The levels of NCMC activity in mice that had
      received daily UV-exposures for a period of 5-10 weeks, however, were found to be
      equivalent to, or greater than, those detected in normal mice. Furthermore,
      regressor and progressor tumor cell lines that had been cloned from individual UV
      induced tumors exhibited low, but similar, levels of sensitivity to NCMC cells
      obtained either from normal or from UV-irradiated mice. Poly I.C treatment of
      normal and UV-irradiated mice was found to have no effect on the outcome of
      subsequently implanted UV-induced regressor tumors; normal and poly I.C
      pretreated normal mice rejected the tumor implants, although both untreated and
      poly I.C pretreated, UV-irradiated mice grew the tumors at equivalent rates.

PMID- 6836703
TI  - Storage of platelets collected by apheresis.
AB  - Increasingly, platelets obtained by apheresis must be shipped some distance prior
      to infusion. We have studied the effect of storage and the size of the storage
      container on in vitro platelet function over a 48-hour period. Five donors each
      donated twice at 2-week intervals with one donation of 200 ml taken into a 300-ml
      bag and the other into a 2000-ml bag. The platelets collected into the 2000-ml
      bag maintained pH well over 48 hours. The PO2 stayed at a high level, and the
      PCO2 decreased by 48 hours. The lactate accumulation was 38 mg per dl, and the
      aggregation and hypotonic shock response were maintained well. In comparison,
      platelets stored in the 300-ml bag had a rapid decrease in pH accompanied by a
      marked rise in PCO2. Lactate accumulation was also high at 124 mg per dl at 48
      hours. Aggregation, 14C-serotonin uptake, hypotonic shock response, and platelet
      recovery were reduced. Exposure to a high concentration of the plasticizer, di-2
      ethylhexyl phthalate, equivalent to that which occurs in the 2000-ml bag did not
      affect platelet function. Storage of the apheresis platelets in a double volume
      of plasma in the 2000-ml bag likewise had little effect. The data indicate that,
      as measured by in vitro response, apheresis platelets can be maintained for up to
      48 hours if stored in a 2000-ml bag.

PMID- 6836705
TI  - Cytotoxic transplantation immunity in the sponge Toxadocia violacea.
AB  - The Hawaiian sponge, Toxadocia violacea, exhibited discriminating transplantation
      immunity in an extensive series of allogeneic and xenogeneic parabioses.
      Cytotoxic alloincompatibility occurred without exception, but with differing
      degrees of severity. The allorejection reactions developed more rapidly than has
      been observed in any other animal species. An intense tissue-bridging reaction in
      allogeneic contact zones preceded acute soft tissue destruction; the cytotoxic
      reactivity was usually restricted to the immediate zone of direct contact. The
      median reaction times were closely temperature-dependent and much accelerated at
      higher temperature. Specific, short-term alloimmune memory was revealed by second
      set and third-party graftings. Extensive allogeneic polymorphism was evident from
      the invariable rejection observed among more than 140 different pairings.
      Xenograft reactions between Toxadocia violacea and Callyspongia diffusa were
      characterized by acute cytotoxicity, immune memory, and a qualitative change in
      secondary versus primary responses.

PMID- 6836706
TI  - Laboratory animals.

PMID- 6836710
TI  - Effects of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone on circulation in humans.
AB  - We describe four patients who suffered asystole, myocardial infarction (in two
      cases) and supraventricular tachycardia at the time of high-dose
      methylprednisolone infusion. One patient died during infusion. We measured the
      effects of methylprednisolone and placebo infusion on heart rate, blood pressure,
      and cardiac output in six stable renal allograft recipients. A significant rise
      in arterial pressure, caused by an increase in total peripheral resistance,
      occurred during methylprednisolone infusion. Possible mechanisms include
      potentiation by methylprednisolone of the vascular effects of the high plasma
      noradrenaline levels that are found in renal allograft recipients. We suggest
      that electrocardiograms and blood pressure measurements should be monitored
      during methylprednisolone infusion, especially in patients with preexisting
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 6836709
TI  - Vascularized limb transplantation in the rat. II. Results with allogeneic grafts.

PMID- 6836708
TI  - Vascularized limb transplantation in the rat. I. Results with syngeneic grafts.
AB  - A microsurgical model was developed to study the transplantation of large
      sections of vascularized skeletal tissue in inbred rats. A modified vascularized
      leg graft, consisting of the distal femur, knee joint, and intact tibia, with the
      associated musculature, was orthotopically transplanted in Fischer F344 rats. The
      femoral artery and vein were anastomosed by means of a microsurgical technique.
      Skin coverage was accomplished with recipient skin. In the studies reported here,
      syngeneic grafts were followed for up to twelve months by means of clinical
      examinations, X-rays, bone scans, and histologic studies. The bone and joint
      tissues not only survived but grew; the joints functioned and appeared to be
      histologically normal. Nonvascularized control grafts rapidly developed necrosis
      and osteomyelitis that lead to death of the recipients. Nonvascularized knee
      joint grafts, which were performed as additional controls, were better tolerated
      than nonvascularized limb grafts but they developed progressive degenerative
      changes. Thus, only the vascularized grafts restored optimal limb function. This
      model will be useful for exploring the feasibility and potential uses of large
      vascularized grafts of skeletal tissue.

PMID- 6836711
TI  - Crossreactivity between Qa-1 region and H-2K antigens.
AB  - Antiserum (A.TL X A.SW)F1 anti-A.TH is specific for the products of the Qa-1a
      region. It reacts only weakly or, under certain circumstances, not at all with
      the immunizing cells, but it reacts strongly with 100% of H-2f and H-2p
      lymphocytes. The molecules that are the target of this strong heteroclitic
      reactivity are controlled by a gene in the K region, most likely the K locus
      itself. The results are interpreted in terms of crossreactivity of Qa-1-specific
      antibodies with Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. This
      crossreactivity underscores the relatedness of Qa and Class I loci and
      strengthens the argument that Qa loci are members of the Class I family.

PMID- 6836707
TI  - Small bowel transplantation in the dog using cyclosporine.
AB  - The effect of the new immunosuppressant cyclosporine on survival after total
      small intestinal allotransplantation (TSIA) was studied in a canine model.
      Successful TSIA was performed in 34 dogs. Eleven dogs were treated with
      cyclosporine, 25 mg/kg/day i.m., starting the day before the operation and
      continuing for four weeks. Thereafter the same dose was given orally. Thirteen
      dogs were given oral cyclosporine only, 25 mg/kg/day from the day after
      transplantation. Ten dogs served as controls. The dogs treated with intramuscular
      and oral cyclosporine survived a mean of 103.8 +/- 39.4 days (mean +/- S.E.M.).
      The longest survivor died after 432 days. Survival in this group was
      significantly longer than that of the control dogs, which survived 12.5 +/- 4.6
      days. The orally treated dogs survived 30.4 +/- 7.6 days. All control dogs, and
      seven of the orally treated dogs, but only two of the intramuscularly treated
      dogs, died of acute rejection. It is concluded that cyclosporine is effective in
      prolonging survival after TSIA in the dog and reduces the incidence of acute
      rejection.

PMID- 6836713
TI  - Non-MHC antigens.

PMID- 6836712
TI  - Ninth international Congress of the Transplantation Society. Brighton, U.K.
      August 23-27, 1982.

PMID- 6836714
TI  - Mechanisms of graft rejection. Concepts.

PMID- 6836715
TI  - The role of histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 6836716
TI  - The role of antigen-presenting cells.

PMID- 6836717
TI  - Antibodies and graft rejection.

PMID- 6836718
TI  - Immunosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 6836719
TI  - Total lymphoid irradiation.

PMID- 6836720
TI  - Thoracic duct drainage.

PMID- 6836721
TI  - The maternofetal relationship.

PMID- 6836722
TI  - The blood transfusion effect in man and in experimental animals.

PMID- 6836723
TI  - Ninth International Congress of the Transplantation Society. Brighton, U.K.
      August 23-27, 1982.

PMID- 6836724
TI  - Health care in the Third World.

PMID- 6836725
TI  - Drug supply in rural Nepal. Bhojpur Drug Scheme.

PMID- 6836726
TI  - Planning for primary health care.

PMID- 6836729
TI  - Pharmaceuticals in the Third World.

PMID- 6836727
TI  - Poliomyelitis: a review.

PMID- 6836728
TI  - Pitfalls in clinical diagnosis of meningitis in adults.

PMID- 6836732
TI  - Cost analysis of minor ailments in rural Swaziland.

PMID- 6836731
TI  - Dietary and health interventions to improve worker productivity in Kenya.

PMID- 6836730
TI  - Curable upper gastrointestinal tract tumours: report of 3 cases.

PMID- 6836733
TI  - Epidemiology of female circumcision in the Sudan.

PMID- 6836734
TI  - Savings--1. Aids to survival for a rural African hospital.

PMID- 6836735
TI  - Overpromotion of drugs in international product package inserts.
AB  - A study of the drug-labelling information contained in international product
      package inserts (PPIs) available in Nigeria in comparison with similar
      information in the United States Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) was undertaken,
      against a background of recently-improved drug control regulations in Nigeria.
      The findings indicate that most multinational pharmaceutical firms, especially
      through their affiliates and subsidiaries, overpromote their drugs for extra
      indications and with mention of fewer hazards in the PPIs, than in the PDR. For
      some drugs with known, medically-stringent indications or low therapeutic
      indices, a few drug companies appeared to exert discretional restraint on
      overpromotion by providing the same content of information in the PPIs as in the
      PDR. The present study suggests that merely intending a better drug control with
      more sophisticated regulations which are not enforced may not cure the
      exploitative attitude of multinational drug companies and their subsidiaries or
      affiliates, in overpromoting pharmaceutical products through PPIs destined for
      countries with a literally free drug market.

PMID- 6836736
TI  - Propharmacies: a problematic means of drug distribution in rural Cameroon.

PMID- 6836737
TI  - [Effect of the electrochemical sodium gradient on alanine transport in 3T6 and
      CHO cells].
AB  - The dependence of L-alanine uptake by 3T6 and CHO-K1 cells on Na+ electrochemical
      gradient has been studied. The Na+ chemical gradient was changed by a short-term
      (partial or complete) replacement of Na+ for choline. The membrane potential
      change was achieved by addition of potassium ionophore--valinomycin (10 microM)
      into the medium. It is determined that the value of Km for alanine uptake by 3T6
      cells increases from 2 mM, with 140 mM Na+ in the medium, up to 30 mM, if the
      replacement of Na+ for choline is complete. Similar results are obtained for CHO
      cells. The membrane potential increase under the influence of valinomycin leads
      to the increase in the value of Vmax of the uptake. The data obtained are
      interpreted on the basis of the well known scheme of Na+ alanine complex
      transfer, where Na+ increases the affinity of the carrier to the amino acid, and
      the membrane potential increases the carrier mobility.

PMID- 6836738
TI  - [Reaction of Chinese hamster cell culture to the cytotoxic action of imuran in
      the early and late stationary growth phases].
AB  - It has been shown that when cells are incubated for a long time without medium
      change, imuran exerts a much greater effect on the viability of cells in the late
      stationary phase of growth than in the early stationary phase. When nutrient
      medium supplemented with 10% serum was changed for the medium with 0.5% serum, or
      when a partial change of medium (one third of the volume) was carried out daily
      from day 4, these differences were only slightly pronounced. Thus, the degree of
      cell response to imuran in the early and late stationary phases of growth depends
      upon the way of cell maintaining in the resting state.

PMID- 6836739
TI  - [Formation of the population composition of a stationary cell culture and the
      participation of nonproliferating cells with a doubled DNA content in regulating
      its density].
AB  - The conditions of the cultivation of chick embryo diploid cells were alternated
      (prolonged maintenance with or without medium replacement, with or without
      consequent cell replating in fresh medium). In different times of culture growth,
      the cell DNA content was assessed by cytophotometry; the percentage of non
      labeled mitoses after incubating the cells with 3H-thymidine and colcemide, as
      well as the cell density were determined. The phenomenon, detected earlier, of
      the accumulation of cells containing 4c DNA during the transition of the culture
      from logarithmic into the stationary phase of growth, was confirmed. These cells
      were shown to differ in their ability to survive in conditions of stationary
      culture and by proliferative potential. The fraction of cells reversibly arrested
      in G2-period was described, by which fraction the change of the cell population
      size is occurring after the decrease of its proliferation rate. The transitional
      stage is distinguished at the beginning of the stationary phase of culture
      growth. During this stage the stabilization of structural and numerical
      composition of the population is taking place.

PMID- 6836740
TI  - [Patterns of the variation in kinetic growth parameters in populations of clones
      of transplantable rat tumors in vivo].
AB  - Clones of the rat transplantable tumors: Walker's carcinosarcoma,
      rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 and ovary carcinoma, were obtained by means of the lung
      colony technique and then transplanted subcutaneously and intraperitoneally.
      Growth parameters of the clones and their transplantants were measured (T, phi =
      ln2/T, V1). All the tumors gave populations of clones and transplantants with
      high variability of growth kinetics. There was a positive correlation between
      growth kinetics of the I and II generation transplantants, and the selection by
      growth kinetic parameters proved effective. The growth kinetic parameters seem to
      be quantitative indices with relatively low heritability, and populations of
      tumor clonogenic cells are heritably heterogeneous by their growth kinetic
      parameters.

PMID- 6836741
TI  - [Changes in the content and concentration of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in
      nerve and glial cells of hypothalamic nuclei at different times of water
      deprivation].
AB  - The data obtained show that searching activity of animals increases at an early
      stage (24 hrs) of water deprivation (WD) and is accompanied by an increase in the
      content of cytoplasmic proteins. WD up to 3 days produces further rise of motor
      searching activity with simultaneous increase of protein content not in the
      cytoplasm alone but in the nuclei of neurons and glial cells as well. During long
      term periods of WD (5 days), motor activity considerably decreases, the animals
      showing signs of depression. The content and concentration of proteins
      significantly decrease in all studied components of neurons and glia of the
      hypothalamic nuclei under study. Existence of correlation between protein content
      (cytoplasmic and nuclear) and behavior of animals is discussed.

PMID- 6836742
TI  - [Oxidative metabolism of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria in adaptation to cold].
AB  - In control and cold-adapted rats the oxygen consumption was measured
      polarographically in isolated mitochondria of gastrocnemic and soleus muscles
      before denervation and 60 min afterwards. Muscle denervation decreased the direct
      oxidation intensity in both the groups of rats. Unlike, the intensity of
      phosphorylation in cold-adapted animals increased following the denervation in
      the soleus muscle, and decreased in the gastrocnemic muscle, whereas no changes
      were evident in the control rats. It is concluded that the adaptation to cold may
      augment the dependence of oxidative metabolism in muscle mitochondria on the
      central nervous control.

PMID- 6836743
TI  - [Pleiotropic phenotype characteristics of cells resistant to the plant lectin
      concanavalin A].
AB  - The single-step selection technique involving resistance to 300 micrograms/ml of
      Concanavalin A (Con-A) aided to select those resistant variants from the clones
      CHO-K1 line 773 as well as clones CR1EBAG and CR2EBAG which had resistance to 1
      microgram/ml of ethidium bromide (EB) and 30 micrograms/ml of 8-asaguanine. The
      resistance to lectin was found to alter the properties of the transformed
      phenotype as follows: morphology, saturation density, adhesiveness, ability of
      cloning in soft--agar, agglutinability. Cell hybrids of intraspecies origin
      arising from confluence of lectin-sensitive and lectin-resistant lines revealed
      that the resistance to lectin is inherited by the recessive type. Their growth
      characteristics, their ability of cloning in soft--agar are similar to those in
      control hybrid cultures obtained from confluence of sensitive parental cells. The
      lines selected by their resistance to Con-A with the background resistance to EB
      maintain both kinds of resistance and inherit them independently: to EB by the
      dominant type and to Con-A by the recessive type.

PMID- 6836744
TI  - Two lines of Walker carcinoma 256: their peculiarities and different interactions
      with the host.
AB  - Two sublines of Walker 256 carcinoma have been characterized for their ability to
      metastasize and to induce cachexia. The invasive, metastasizing line A induced
      terminal anorexia in rats with a mean survival time of 27 +/- 1.5 days. The non
      invasive line B induced early anorexia and cachexia with a mean survival time of
      only 15 +/- 1 days. At death, the line B tumor was still smaller than the line A
      one, and no metastases were detectable. These two sublines are discussed as a
      composite model for studying anorexia and cachexia together with invasion and
      metastasis.

PMID- 6836745
TI  - A transplantable epithelial atrio-caval tumour in NZR/Gd rats.

PMID- 6836746
TI  - Bladder cancer and cigarette smoking in males: a case-control study.
AB  - Cigarette consumption was compared between 355 males with cancer of the lower
      urinary tract and 276 male hospital controls. Both duration of smoking and
      average daily consumption of cigarettes showed a dose-response relationship with
      risks of developing bladder cancer. Quitting smoking seems to have a protective
      role, whereas higher relative risks are associated with an early age at start of
      smoking. The use of a filter seems to have a weak protective effect.

PMID- 6836747
TI  - Does the antitumoral activity of platinum (IV) derivatives result from their in
      vivo reduction?
AB  - The antitumoral activity of some octahedral platinum(IV) and square-planar
      platinum(II) derivatives against Yoshida ascites tumor in the rat is reported. It
      is shown that only those octahedral platinum(IV) complexes which give active
      reduction products are active. These results support the hypothesis that the
      antitumor activity of octahedral complexes involves activation by in vivo
      reduction. Anticancer drugs functioning by this mechanism may be preferentially
      toxic to or may localize in hypoxic areas of tumors.

PMID- 6836748
TI  - Bone marrow involvement at onset of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Bilateral trephine bone marrow biopsies of 370 patients with Hodgkin's disease
      first seen at the Institute of Hematology, University of Rome, between 1970 and
      1981, revealed tumor involvement of the bone marrow in 18 cases. The histologic
      type was mixed cellularity in 7 cases, lymphocytic depletion in 4 cases, nodular
      sclerosis in 4 cases, and lymphocytic prevalence in 1 case. Anemia with less than
      10 g/dl of hemoglobin was observed in 5 patients; white blood cells were less
      than 4.0 X 10(9)/liter in 2 patients; platelets were less than 12.0 X 10(9)/liter
      in 1 case; a pancytopenic condition was observed in only 1 case. B symptoms were
      present in 14 of the 18 patients. All patients who underwent laparosplenectomy
      presented spleen involvement, 4 also had liver involvement. All patients were
      treated with chemotherapy; MOPP regimen was employed in 11 cases, ABVD in 5
      patients, and PROVECIP in 1 case. Of the 13 patients evaluable for therapeutic
      response, 11 achieved complete remission, with a median actuarial relapse-free
      survival of 15 months. The actuarial survival curve showed that 50% of all
      patients are projected alive at 47 months with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 109
      months.

PMID- 6836749
TI  - Influence on response to therapy and overall survival of mediastinal involvement
      by Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - To assess the prognostic significance of mediastinal involvement of Hodgkin's
      disease, 91 patients with stage I to III disease treated at our Institute were
      reclassified according to size of mediastinal disease and other clinical and
      therapeutic characteristics. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 46 of 67
      (81%) patients without mediastinal involvement, and in 16 of 17 (94%) patients
      with small mediastinal masses, but only in 10 of 17 (59%) patients with large
      masses (P less than 0.05). Twenty-seven of 32 (84%) patients treated with
      irradiation alone and 26 of 28 (93%) patients treated with combined modality
      therapy reached a CR, whereas such a result was obtained only in 19 of 31 (61%)
      patients who received MOPP chemotherapy alone (P less than 0.01). In particular,
      none of the patients with large masses had a CR when treated with chemotherapy
      alone, whereas no differences in response to therapy were found between patients
      with large vs. small or no masses when irradiation or combined treatments were
      utilized. Since combined treatment seems to reach a high proportion of CR and to
      prevent extranodal relapse, further randomized clinical trials are needed to
      decide its routine utilization in patients with poor prognostic factors such as
      large mediastinal adenopathies.

PMID- 6836752
TI  - Clinical and pathologic prognostic features of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.
AB  - A clinico-pathologic study of 20 consecutive patients with leiomyosarcoma of the
      uterus seen over a 12-year period has been evaluated. Tumor extent at the time of
      diagnosis seems to be the main prognostic factor: 62.5% of the patients in stage
      I are alive and well from 1 to 7 years after the diagnosis as compared to 0% of
      the patients in all the other stages. The age of the patients and the number of
      mitotic figures also appear to have some prognostic value.

PMID- 6836751
TI  - Impact on survival of the extent of resection in unrelapsed lung cancer.
AB  - Five-year survival of resected stage Ia non-oat cell lung cancer was evaluated in
      69 consecutive patients without recurrence. The impact of the extent of resection
      on perioperative and long-term mortality was studied after an evaluation of
      confounding factors, such as age and associated cardiopulmonary diseases, which
      further stratified our series. Our patients were subdivided into 2 groups: the
      first included lobectomies and was further subdivided into 2 subsets according to
      whether the operation had caused the resection of less than 4 (30 cases) or more
      than 3 segments (18 cases). The second one included pneumonectomies (21 cases).
      Thirty-two patients were 60 years or older; pulmonary and/or cardiovascular
      diseases were assessed in 38 patients. There were 6 perioperative deaths, 3 among
      major lobectomies (more than 3 segments resected) and 3 among pneumonectomies.
      Survival rate of lobectomies was 75% (86% for minor, 55% for major lobectomies),
      and 57% for pneumonectomies. Major lobectomies included the highest percentage of
      elderly patients with cardiopulmonary diseases who had significantly poorer
      survival probabilities than young subjects without cardiopneumopathies. Lobectomy
      cases, after standardization by age, had a significantly higher probability of
      surviving than pneumonectomy cases. Standardization by cardiopulmonary disease
      showed a better chance for lobectomy cases, although it was not significant.
      Major lobectomy cases had poorer cumulative survival rate than minor lobectomy
      cases. Such a difference was revealed in patients 60 years or older and in those
      with pneumocardiopathies.

PMID- 6836750
TI  - Pilot study with adjuvant hormone therapy in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
      with myometrial invasion.
AB  - A pilot study with adjuvant hormone therapy in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
      with myometrial invasion was carried out. All patients received total abdominal
      hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy plus complementary radium
      therapy on the vaginal stump. After the conventional treatment, patients were
      randomly allocated to adjuvant hormone therapy or no further treatment. Hormone
      therapy consisted of gestonorone caproate (17 alpha-hydroxy-19-norpregn-4-en 3,
      20 dione caproate) administered i.m. at the dose of 200 mg/week for 1 year. Of
      the 62 patients who entered the study, 51 were considered evaluable (24 with
      adjuvant hormone therapy and 27 with no further treatment). Five patients had a
      relapse: four of these were in the group with no further treatment. Actuarial
      relapse-free survival analysis at 5 years was 95.7% in the group of adjuvant
      treated patients and 82.8% in the control group. Although there is no statistical
      significance, adjuvant therapy appears to result in an increase in relapse-free
      survival in the group of patients with deep myometrial invasion and
      undifferentiated carcinoma. Further studies are necessary to assess the
      effectiveness of hormone adjuvant treatment in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
      with myometrial invasion.

PMID- 6836753
TI  - Secreting benign paraganglioma of the prostatic urethra.

PMID- 6836754
TI  - [Laboratory study using the Seralyzerreflection photometer].

PMID- 6836757
TI  - [342 children admitted to a pediatric clinic for acute abdomen].

PMID- 6836755
TI  - [Keratitis caused by use of soft contact lenses during long-time wear].

PMID- 6836756
TI  - [Primary hemochromatosis. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 6836759
TI  - [Megaloblastic anemia caused by malabsorption of vitamin B12 during long-term
      metformin therapy].

PMID- 6836758
TI  - [Subcutaneous emphysema in perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer. A case with
      hydrothorax].

PMID- 6836760
TI  - [Omphaloenteric fistula].

PMID- 6836761
TI  - [What do we know about occupational heart diseases?].

PMID- 6836762
TI  - [3 new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents (Bexopron, Cinopal, Felden)].

PMID- 6836763
TI  - [Ocular symptoms and exposure to mineral fibers in boards for sound-insulation of
      ceilings].

PMID- 6836764
TI  - [Injuries caused by violence treated at the emergency department in Esbjerg].

PMID- 6836765
TI  - [Battered women. A prospective study].

PMID- 6836768
TI  - [The etiology, diagnosis, and therapy of patellar dislocation].

PMID- 6836767
TI  - [Early local complications after surgical intervention on the locomotor system].

PMID- 6836769
TI  - [Complete forearm fractures in children--possibilities and limitations of
      conservative therapy. An analysis of 195 cases].

PMID- 6836770
TI  - [Topical therapy of burns with PVP-iodine].

PMID- 6836766
TI  - [Local treatment of ano-rectal cancer].

PMID- 6836772
TI  - [Prognostic nutritional index and delayed hypersensitivity tests as a means of
      predicting hospital morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 6836771
TI  - [Use of PMMA gentamicin bead chains following early infection without the removal
      of osteosynthesis material].

PMID- 6836774
TI  - [Prevention of coronary disease: role of high density lipoproteins (HDL)].

PMID- 6836773
TI  - [The role of hematocrit on blood viscosity].

PMID- 6836775
TI  - [Radiologic aspects of pulmonary edema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

PMID- 6836776
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and normal coronary arteries].

PMID- 6836777
TI  - [Characteristics of the hemophiliac population of the cantons of the east].

PMID- 6836778
TI  - A new urinary bladder electromyogram technique.

PMID- 6836779
TI  - A gel model for measuring crystallization inhibitor activities.

PMID- 6836781
TI  - Urine and calculus amino acids in the different types of urolithiasis.

PMID- 6836780
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities in vascular erectile impotence].

PMID- 6836783
TI  - Symposium on perioperative care of the urologic patient.

PMID- 6836782
TI  - Pyeloureteral hydrodynamics-the pelviureteral junction resistance in the pig.

PMID- 6836784
TI  - Disorders of coagulation.
AB  - The routine preoperative performance of a platelet count, bleeding time,
      prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time will reveal most of the major
      inherited or acquired bleeding diatheses that are likely to be troublesome during
      or after an operation. Unfortunately, these screening test may fail to warn the
      physician of impending trouble because they fail to detect the milder bleeding
      tendencies. In such cases asking the patient a few specific questions may reveal
      a bleeding tendency not otherwise suspected. If a patient with an identified
      bleeding problem undergoes a surgical procedure, operative and postoperative
      bleeding can be minimized by continuous monitoring of the patient by the
      coagulation laboratory and by close collaboration among the surgeon, the
      hematologist, and the laboratory in the management of replacement therapy.
      However, if bleeding commences during or after an operation without warning, the
      nature of the problem must be recognized as quickly as possible in order to
      effect prompt treatment. By a series of simple tests, the coagulation laboratory
      can promptly identify the general nature of the bleeding problem and then more
      leisurely pinpoint it precisely.

PMID- 6836786
TI  - Staging of bladder tumors by transrectal ultrasonotomography and U.I. Octoson.
AB  - The staging of bladder tumors was performed in 100 cases by transrectal
      ultrasonotomography and in 44 cases by U.I. Octoson. Complete agreement between
      histology and ultrasound was obtained in 80% of the cases by the former method
      and in 73% by the latter method for tumors arising from the corpus of the
      bladder. However, agreement was obtained in only 38% of the cases by the former
      method and in 59% by the latter method for tumors arising from the apex and
      fundus of the bladder. The possibility of improving the agreement for tumors in
      the apex and fundus by introducing real-time transrectal linear scanning is
      suggested.

PMID- 6836785
TI  - Comparative study of suprapubic sonography and computed tomography for staging of
      prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - In addition to the digital rectal examination, suprapubic transvesical
      ultrasonography and computed tomography were used to stage local tumor extension
      in 41 patients with histologically proven prostatic carcinoma. Although 22% of
      the cases revealed stage A/B disease on rectal examination, these numbers were 7%
      for ultrasonography and 37% for CT. For stage C/D disease the percentages were
      73% for digital rectal staging, 81% for sonography, and 30% for CT. Compared with
      the digital examination, 22% versus 10% of the cases had to be upstaged by the
      results of ultrasound versus CT. A downstaging became necessary by sonography in
      7% and by CT in 44%. The results are compared with the findings after
      prostatectomy, autopsy, and cystoscopy as well as with pathohistological data
      from the literature. From these results, suprapubic transvesical sonography is
      considered to be more reliable than CT for local tumor staging.

PMID- 6836787
TI  - Primary dissecting aneurysm of the renal artery.

PMID- 6836789
TI  - A new concept of priapism based on the results of arteriography and
      cavernosography.
AB  - Four patients with priapism - 3 with idiopathic and 1 with post-traumatic
      etiologies - were examined by arteriography and cavernosography. The findings of
      these examinations as well as distinct clinical findings suggest that there are 2
      different types of priapism. One is characterized by severe blood stasis within
      the corpora cavernosa with resulting compression of the deep arteries of the
      penis and reduction of arterial blood flow. In the other type, arterial flow into
      the corpora cavernosa and drainage into the veins are substantially increased. In
      this type, long-standing priapism does not seem to produce fibrosis of the
      corpora cavernosa with resulting impotence.

PMID- 6836790
TI  - Use of ultrasound in renal hypertension.
AB  - Ultrasound provides a noninvasive, sensitive, and accurate method of evaluating
      the kidneys in hypertensives. Although specific histologic diagnoses cannot be
      made, patients can be classified based on renal size and parenchymal pattern.
      This information is especially helpful in azotemic patients with hypertension.

PMID- 6836788
TI  - Urinomas secondary to pyelosinus backflow.
AB  - Pyelosinus backflow of urine usually occurs through infractions of the calyceal
      fornices from obstruction or retrograde study. The primary cause appears to be a
      rapid rise in intrapelvic pressure with the backflow representing a physiologic
      release mechanism which returns the intrapelvic pressure to normal. Pyelosinus
      backflow is a benign process. However, complications can occur. In some persons
      whose urine transport cannot accommodate periodic increased urine flow or
      pressure, repeated pyelosinus backflow may lead to pseudocyst (urinomas) or
      retroperitoneal fibrosis. Several mechanisms produce these complications in
      children and adults. The authors present cases of urinomas related to upper tract
      obstruction from posterior urethral valves as well as ureteral obstruction by
      tumor, post-treatment scarring, retroperitoneal fibrosis, or calculus. Intrarenal
      urinomas are illustrated presumably in kidneys with firm capsular attachments to
      the renal pelvis which do not allow retroperitoneal extravasation.

PMID- 6836791
TI  - Sonography of scrotal masses in healed meconium peritonitis.
AB  - Although sonography is the procedure of choice in evaluating testicular masses in
      infants, x-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis of healed meconium
      peritonitis by showing scattered intra-abdominal as well as intrascrotal
      calcifications. Failure to include an abdominal radiograph early in the
      evaluation of 2 infants admitted with hard scrotal masses resulted in delayed
      diagnosis of healed meconium peritonitis. The clinical progression of meconium
      peritonitis involving the scrotum starts with soft hydroceles at birth and
      progresses, as the meconium calcifies, to hard "tumor-like" masses at age 4-5
      weeks. This paper stresses the sonographic characteristics of meconium
      peritonitis in the scrotum and the need for confirming radiographs of the
      abdomen.

PMID- 6836792
TI  - Adrenal myelolipoma: report of a case with CT and angiographic evaluation.
AB  - A case of adrenal myelolipoma which was diagnosed preoperatively based on the
      combined examinations of computed tomography and angiography is presented.
      Computed tomography revealed a large suprarenal fatty tumor with increased
      density areas secondary to hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated that the tumor
      originated from the adrenal gland.

PMID- 6836793
TI  - Cystic adenocarcinoma of the kidney mimicking multilocular renal cyst.

PMID- 6836794
TI  - Left renal pedicle injury diagnosed by computed axial tomography.

PMID- 6836795
TI  - Balloon-dilatation of lower ureter to facilitate cystoscopic extraction of large
      ureteral calculi.

PMID- 6836796
TI  - Management of massively refluxing megaureters.
AB  - We report on 15 patients with massively refluxing megaureters in 28 renoureteral
      units. All had a history of urinary tract infections, and 14 were treated with
      initial vesical drainage. All had ureteral reimplantation, and half of those who
      initially underwent diversion did not require tailoring. Overall success was 87
      per cent.

PMID- 6836799
TI  - Rapid preoperative bowel preparation for patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

PMID- 6836797
TI  - Congenital ureteral valves in children.

PMID- 6836798
TI  - Ten-year experience with looped catheter manipulation of ureteral calculi.
AB  - Six hundred sixteen procedures for management of ureteral calculi were reviewed.
      Five hundred six (82%) were endoscopic procedures; 207 were looped catheter
      manipulations and 299 were stone basket extractions. The retrieval efficiency for
      ureterolithotomy, looped catheter manipulation, and basket extraction was 100,
      46, and 71 per cent, respectively. The average size of calculus was 7.9 mm
      (lithotomy), 6.9 mm (looped catheter), and 4.2 mm (basket). Looped catheters were
      used for larger stones, for stones higher in the ureter, and for stones that
      could not be extracted with a basket. The looped catheter can be utilized for
      stones at any level of the ureter. There was no significant difference in the
      complications from use of the looped catheter or stone basket, except for a
      longer hospital stay for patients who had manipulation with looped catheters than
      with stone baskets.

PMID- 6836800
TI  - Estimating bladder capacity in children.

PMID- 6836801
TI  - Role of hypnoanesthesia in urologic instrumentation.

PMID- 6836802
TI  - Psychiatric assessment of penile implant recipient. Preliminary study.
AB  - Twenty-four post-penile implantation patients and 13 partners, who had not been
      subjected to formal psychiatric screening prior to surgery, were given
      psychiatric follow-up by interview in order to evaluate postoperative psychologic
      adjustment in a "natural" control group. No subject had spontaneous complaints.
      One subject appeared to have poor psychologic adjustment, but from the remaining
      participants there was elicted only minor or no concerns. Two patients and
      partners found their expectations exceeded. It is preliminarily concluded that
      penile implantation is a psychologically safe procedure and that extensive
      routine psychiatric screening is unwarranted. Further studies to confirm this
      conclusion are proposed.

PMID- 6836804
TI  - Urologic abnormalities found with imperforate anus.

PMID- 6836803
TI  - Peyronie disease is curable--is it also preventable?

PMID- 6836806
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage D1 adenocarcinoma of prostate.
AB  - In a series of 112 patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy for clinically
      localized prostate cancer, 37 were found to have pelvic lymph node metastases.
      After prostatic irradiation, these 37 patients were divided into groups receiving
      adjunctive chemotherapy versus no additional treatment. The patients were
      followed for a period ranging from twelve to sixty-five months for evidence of
      disease progression. Of the 12 patients administered chemotherapy, disease
      progression was documented in 4 (average time to progression was fifteen months).
      In contrast, of the 25 patients receiving no additional treatment, 12 exhibited
      evidence of gross metastatic disease within an average interval of 11.6 months.
      One death has been recorded in the chemotherapy group at twenty-nine months after
      diagnosis; 4 deaths have occurred in patients receiving no systemic therapy
      (average time to death was eighteen months).

PMID- 6836807
TI  - Retroperitoneal bleeding: hidden culprit of acute renal failure.

PMID- 6836805
TI  - Modified anatrophic nephrolithotomy.
AB  - The anatrophic nephrolithotomy described by Smith and Boyce is an excellent
      method of preserving a maximum number of functioning nephrons by minimizing
      injuries to both the renal parenchyma and its blood supplies. However, clamping
      of the main renal artery is inevitable and may damage renal function despite
      regional hypothermia. We devised a modified technique of nephrolithotomy with
      selective clamping of the segmental artery and no necessity for regional
      hypothermia.

PMID- 6836808
TI  - Synchronous tumors in both ureters and left renal pelvis.
AB  - A case of bilateral, synchronous ureteral tumors and a tumor in the left renal
      pelvis is presented. Conservative surgical treatment involved local resection of
      both ureteral tumors and partial nephrectomy of the left kidney. Multiple
      urothelial tumors subsequently developed in the bladder which were resected. The
      patient has had good kidney function and no evidence of disease.

PMID- 6836809
TI  - Leiomyoma of bladder.
AB  - A case of leiomyoma of the bladder is presented. The symptoms of this rare benign
      tumor depend on the size, location, or associated urinary tract infection. The
      diagnosis may be confirmed by transurethral biopsy, and, since these tumors are
      well encapsulated, the treatment of choice is total enucleation from the vesical
      wall. Transurethral resection as a definitive modality of treatment should be
      attempted only in small tumors.

PMID- 6836810
TI  - Defective inflatable penile prothesis connector.

PMID- 6836811
TI  - Excisional meatotomy.

PMID- 6836812
TI  - Perfusion sphincterometry. Method of intraoperative evaluation of artificial
      urinary sphincter function.

PMID- 6836813
TI  - Urodynamic studies on hemiplegic patients after cerebrovascular accident.
AB  - Thirty-nine hemiplegic patients were evaluated by complete urodynamic study after
      cerebrovascular accidents. Computerized tomography was performed to identify
      localization of the brain lesion. The common urinary symptoms were frequency and
      urgency incontinence (26/39), while 13 patients complained of dysuria or urinary
      retention. Ten of the 11 patients who had frontal and internal capsular lesions
      showed hyperactive bladder, and 6 showed uninhibited sphincter relaxation. Nine
      of the 10 patients who had putaminal lesions showed hyperactive bladder. Normal
      sphincter activity was demonstrated in 7 of these 10 patients. In the remaining
      patients with the other types of lesions, no correlation was found between
      urodynamic dysfunction and type of brain injury.

PMID- 6836814
TI  - Prolonged dense nephrograms in battered children. Suspect rhabdomyolysis and
      myoglobinuria.
AB  - Prolonged, dense nephrograms were seen on intravenous urography in 5 cases of
      child abuse presenting with possible renal injury. Each child had oliguria,
      elevated muscle enzymes, and pigmented urine positive for blood, but without red
      cells on microscopic examination. These findings are suggestive of myoglobinuria.
      The abnormalities resolved with appropriate fluid and electrolyte management.
      This complication of child abuse, not previously emphasized, may be suggested by
      the urographic findings. Possible factors contributing to the dense nephrograms
      are presented.

PMID- 6836815
TI  - Isolated peripheral bone metastasis.

PMID- 6836816
TI  - Rectal pressure measurements and intra-abdominal pressure changes.

PMID- 6836817
TI  - Stone retrieval using rigid ureteroscope.

PMID- 6836819
TI  - Bacteriology and composition of infected stones.
AB  - One hundred forty-two stones from 106 male and 36 female patients were
      investigated bacteriologically and chemically. Twenty (14%) of these stones were
      infected; 65 per cent were associated with infected urine. In 45 per cent of
      these infected stones an identical bacteria species was isolated from urine and
      stone of the same patient. Most of the infected stones were of the oxalate type
      (II), followed by uric acid/urate (5) and calcium phosphate (4) types. Only one
      stone grew a definite urea-splitting organism.

PMID- 6836818
TI  - Hydronephrosis and polycythemia.
AB  - Polycythemia is consistently produced in animals undergoing experimental
      hydronephrosis. This hematologic response is thought to be mediated by a
      microcirculatory insult and a more accelerated elaboration of erythropoietin by
      the hydronephrotic kidney. While an association between hydronephrosis and
      polycythemia has been reported in humans, it is a relatively rare event. Further
      studies are necessary to explain why this should be so, as well as to confirm
      that the polycythemia in humans is secondary to an increased production of
      erythropoietin.

PMID- 6836821
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of bladder.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with pure primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder were treated
      in a fifteen-year period. Practically all patients presented with some
      combination of gross hematuria, irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, or
      obstruction. Almost half the lesions were at the dome of the bladder. Most of the
      lesions were high grade and invasive. Transurethral resection is, at best, only
      diagnostic and palliative, and radiotherapy has been of little value. Radical
      cystectomy seems to produce five-year survival almost twice that of segmental
      resection. However, solitary lesions at the dome of the bladder, which usually
      represent neoplasia in a urachal remnant, seem to behave somewhat differently
      from lesions elsewhere in the bladder. Indeed, five-year survival of patients
      with lesions at the dome of the bladder who underwent segmental resection
      approximated that of those with similar lesions who underwent total cystectomy.

PMID- 6836820
TI  - Primary carcinoma of ureters.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with primary carcinoma of the ureter were treated at our
      institution from 1961 to 1968 using various modes of therapy. Sixteen of these
      patients underwent segmental resections, with a five-year survival of 71.4 per
      cent and a ureteral recurrence rate of 6 per cent. Twelve other patients received
      a complete nephroureterectomy, with a subsequent five-year survival of 50 per
      cent. We believe that segmental resection is indicated for all low-grade and low
      stage primary ureteral tumors regardless of their location and with a small
      change for recurrence.

PMID- 6836823
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 5 cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bladder seen
      during 1958 through 1978 revealed that segmental resection is curative in
      selected cases but that more extensive extirpation may be warranted, depending on
      the stage of the disease. Radiation therapy had no effect on regional disease.
      Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical therapy are important.

PMID- 6836822
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of urachus. Report of 7 cases and review of literature.
AB  - Seven cases of adenocarcinoma of the urachus treated at the National Cancer
      Center Hospital, Tokyo, over a nineteen-year period are reported. One hundred
      fifty-five cases reported in English literature and 140 cases in Japanese
      literature were analyzed with respect to the modalities of treatment, mean
      remission times, and sites of recurrence or metastases. From this review and
      experience on the 7 cases reported here, extended radical total cystectomy with
      well-designed radio- and chemotherapy was proposed for the treatment of this
      disease.

PMID- 6836824
TI  - Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis by local injection of antibiotics into
      prostate.
AB  - Experiences with localized antibiotic treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
      by direct injection into the caudal prostate is presented. Very high antibiotic
      levels are found in the prostatic fluid without correlation with the time after
      injection. The pain and discomfort experienced by the patients during direct
      injection into the prostate are minimal. Hematuria and hemospermia during some
      weeks are practically always present after the injection. Local necrosis was not
      found after several histologic and electronic microscopic studies. Results
      demonstrated that this method deserves its place in the treatment of the hard
      core group of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

PMID- 6836825
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing prostatectomy.
AB  - The value of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing prostatectomy was
      assessed in a randomized study using three schedules of gentamicin
      administration. All three gentamicin schedules were effective in lowering the
      incidence of postoperative bacteriuria, with a single dose of gentamicin two
      hours preoperatively being the most effective. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not
      significantly affect the clinical course.

PMID- 6836826
TI  - Anaplastic seminoma.
AB  - Fourteen patients with anaplastic seminoma were analyzed retrospectively. At the
      time of presentation anaplastic seminoma has similar prognosis stage for stage as
      the classic seminoma. However, the distinctive histologic findings and the high
      rates of local invasion and of elevations of serum beta-subunit human chorionic
      gonadotropin serve to distinguish anaplastic seminoma from the classic seminoma.
      These features, suggesting a possibly greater metastatic potential for anaplastic
      seminoma, warrant its continued identification as a distinct pathologic subtype.

PMID- 6836827
TI  - Modified Burch colposuspension in treatment of female urinary incontinence.

PMID- 6836829
TI  - New monofilament basket for bladder calculi.
AB  - Successful stone manipulation was facilitated with the new monofilament basket in
      experimental situations and in patients. Advantages over other baskets include:
      in vivo adjustability, reduced mucosal trauma, ability to irrigate and aspirate
      through the basket, and ability to pass lithotriptor electrodes within the
      basket. Basket modifications under study might prove useful within the ureter,
      renal pelvis, and biliary tree.

PMID- 6836831
TI  - Fibroepithelial polyps of ureter.

PMID- 6836830
TI  - Necrotizing myelopathy associated with renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6836828
TI  - High pressure within corpus cavernosum in man during erection. Its probable
      mechanism.
AB  - Corpus cavernosum pressure in man during erection has not been measured
      previously with a noninvasive technique. Using such a technique it has been shown
      that during erection in young men intracavernosal pressure has peaks of at least
      ten times higher than the systemic systolic pressure. These findings indicate
      that during erection the intracavernosal circulation is contained, at least
      partially, within a closed system, separated from the general circulation. Also
      erection cannot be the result of circulatory function only.

PMID- 6836832
TI  - Aggressive diagnostic approach indicated in testicular sarcoidosis.
AB  - A twenty-nine-year-old black male presented with a testicular mass and hilar
      adenopathy. Histologic sections of the testis showed the 3 by 2 by 2-cm mass was
      an inflammatory granuloma due to sarcoidosis. The epididymides were involved
      bilaterally. The initial differential diagnosis included: sarcoidosis, testicular
      neoplasm, an infectious process, or a combination of the three. Biopsy of the
      testicle is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We believe there
      are only 6 reported cases of clinically detected testicular sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6836833
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma with solitary metastases to pericardium.

PMID- 6836834
TI  - Adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6836835
TI  - Localized amyloidosis of urethra.
AB  - A case of primary amyloidosis of the urethra is described. Although rare, this
      entity is important since its antecedent causes, clinical symptoms, and
      panendoscopic and radiographic appearance are similar to and must be
      differentiated from carcinoma of the urethra. The prognosis of this disorder is
      excellent, and aggressive therapy is not indicated.

PMID- 6836837
TI  - Transvesical intussusception ureterectomy.

PMID- 6836838
TI  - Technique for removal of Foley catheter when balloon does not deflate.

PMID- 6836836
TI  - Simplified new approach to endoscopic photography.
AB  - Information obtained by endoscopic examination can be shared with others by
      viewing sequentially through the same endoscope, "teaching attachments" allowing
      viewing ports through the same instrument, drawings based on the observers'
      recollection of the findings, and by endoscopic photography. Of these methods,
      endoscopic photography has the important advantages of speed and faithfulness of
      reproduction. Herein, we describe a simple technique for endoscopic color still
      photography with illustrations of normal and pathologic findings.

PMID- 6836840
TI  - Anuria from candida pyelonephritis and obstructing fungal balls.
AB  - A premature newborn male required intensive care and prolonged antibiotic therapy
      for respiratory distress. Acute renal failure developed from bilateral
      obstructive candida pyelonephritis complicating systemic Candida albicans
      infection. Necropsy also revealed organizing subarachnoid hematoma and
      granulomatous candida meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 6836839
TI  - Evaluation of cytologic techniques for diagnosis of prostate cancer.
AB  - Two hundred forty-eight male patients seen on a urology service were
      diagnostically screened using four different cytologic tests for cancer of the
      prostate. The tests included voided urine cytology, prostate massage cytology,
      aspiration cytology, and postmassage urine cytology. The aspiration cytology was
      the most efficient screening test for the diagnosis of prostate malignancy.

PMID- 6836844
TI  - Clinical management of stage A1 adenocarcinoma of prostate gland.

PMID- 6836842
TI  - Renal axis deviation in the elderly.
AB  - Renal axis variations occurring in age-grouped populations are described. We
      discovered a significant difference in renal axis deviations between young and
      old population groups with a tendency for a more vertical axis as age increases.
      Possible reasons for these changes are proposed. We suggest that not all renal
      axis deviations in the elderly population require extensive evaluation.

PMID- 6836845
TI  - Value of prophylactic vasectomy.

PMID- 6836843
TI  - Results of pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer.

PMID- 6836841
TI  - Papillary adenomas of prostatic urethra with ultrastructural histogenetic
      considerations.
AB  - Benign urethral lesions are rather uncommon, and relatively few cases have been
      described in the literature. Malignant neoplasms, such as squamous and
      transitional cell carcinomas, occur more frequently. The latter usually present
      as papillary lesions. Specifically, papillary adenomas of the prostatic urethra
      are very unusual and rare lesions. They are usually seen in children but
      occasionally are found in the adult. Symptoms include urinary obstruction,
      infection, enuresis, sexual disturbances, or hematuria. Two cases of papillary
      adenomas are presented in this article. The lesion is important because it can be
      a source of significant hematuria, but can be cured easily at cystoscopy by local
      excision. This article describes the electron microscopic findings in two of
      these tumors, trying to elucidate their histogenesis and nature. No
      ultrastructural studies of these lesions have been reported previously.

PMID- 6836846
TI  - [Individual endoprosthesis of the joints in fractures and bone tumors].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 108 patients with fractures and false joints of
      the neck of the hip (79 observations) and bone tumors (29 observations) is
      described. An original method of individual endoprosthezing was used. The
      individual endoprosthesis was shown to give better results in some respects as
      compared with those obtained by usual methods, e. g. a dislocation of the
      endoprosthesis was practically excluded. A complete conformity of the form and
      size of the prosthesis improves the biomechanics of the articulation.

PMID- 6836848
TI  - [Effect of analgetic concentrations of methoxyflurane on external respiration].

PMID- 6836847
TI  - [Results of reoperations after enterocystoplasty in patients with tuberculosis of
      the urinary tract].
AB  - In 129 patients with tuberculosis of the urinary system subjected to
      enterocytoplasty repeated surgical interventions took place. Repeated operations
      were performed in 103 patients after sigmocytoplasty. Operations of the
      reconstructive-reparative character prevailed among the repeated operations
      (reimplantation of the ureter into the intestinal transplant, resection of the
      intestine-bladder anastomosis and combination of these two operations). Remote
      results were studied in 106 out of 129 patients after repeated operations. Good
      results were obtained in 55.6%, satisfactory--in 18.9%, bad--in 6.6% of cases.
      Twenty patients died from the increasing renal insifficiency.

PMID- 6836849
TI  - [Transcutaneous electric stimulation for analgesia after operations on the organs
      of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 6836850
TI  - [Injuries of the aorta, its branches and major veins].

PMID- 6836852
TI  - [Solved and disputable problems in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the
      thyroid gland].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 332 patients has shown that the better timely
      recognition of the tumor character is greatly dependent on the specialization of
      the staff and on the employment of informative additional methods of examination.
      Organ-preserving operations in differentiated forms of the tumor proved to be
      sufficiently radical. The survival of the patients was not shown to greatly
      depend on the presence of regional metastases, the prognosis being mainly
      determined by the histological structure of the tumor.

PMID- 6836853
TI  - [Various ways of obtaining better results in surgical treatment of patients with
      hernia of the abdominal wall according to the materials of the city first aid
      clinic].

PMID- 6836851
TI  - [Treatment of echinococcosis with rare localization].

PMID- 6836854
TI  - [Early diagnosis and treatment of postgastrectomy jejunitis].

PMID- 6836855
TI  - [Early surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and old
      patients].

PMID- 6836856
TI  - [Occupational prognosis in patients operated on for acute intestinal
      obstruction].

PMID- 6836857
TI  - [Expediency of formation of the "anorectal angle" with downward displacement of
      the intestine].

PMID- 6836861
TI  - [Effect of gastric resection by the Billroth II method on the digestive function
      of the small intestine].

PMID- 6836862
TI  - [Abscesses at the site of the appendix stump in the late periods after
      appendectomy].

PMID- 6836860
TI  - [Effectiveness of intermittent active drainage].

PMID- 6836859
TI  - [Dilatation of the femoral veins in patients with vertical blood reflux in
      varicose veins].
AB  - The proximal part of the venous system of lower extremities is not always damaged
      in patients with the varicose disease. The greater the area of the damaged
      femoral veins by the varicose process, the greater the frequency of insufficient
      valves appearing against the background of ectasy of the corresponding veins and
      is of a relative character. The blood reflux may occur in any venous vessel.

PMID- 6836858
TI  - [Thermography in the evaluation of peripheral blood flow in patients with
      diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The method of thermovision was used for examination of lower extremities of 350
      patients with diabetes mellitus. In 100 patients with diabetes mellitus the
      potencies of thermovision were assessed before and after cooling the lower
      extremities and in 38 patients with diabetes mellitus thermovision was used in
      the control of treatment of disturbances of the peripheral blood circulation. The
      data obtained have shown great diagnostic significance of thermovision.

PMID- 6836863
TI  - [Logic and clinical thinking].

PMID- 6836864
TI  - [Treatment of multiple and associated diaphyseal fractures].

PMID- 6836865
TI  - [Injuries of the major blood vessels in joint dislocations].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 12 patients with injuries of major vessels
      resulting from dislocations of joints is generalized. In 5 of the patients an
      associated injury of nerve trunks was diagnosed, in 4 patients there were
      injuries of major veins. Reconstructive operations were made in 11 patients. In 8
      patients full recovery was stated, three patients were subjected to amputation of
      the extremity. The main cause of the failure was late diagnosis of the closed
      trauma of the artery and progressing ischemia of the extremity.

PMID- 6836866
TI  - [Subcutaneous rupture of the pectoralis muscle and its treatment].

PMID- 6836867
TI  - [Successful treatment of multiple complications of blunt trauma of the pancreas].

PMID- 6836869
TI  - [Dysplastic precoxarthroses in children and their treatment].

PMID- 6836871
TI  - Hereditary striatonigral and cerebello-olivary degeneration of the Kerry blue
      terrier. I. Gross and light microscopic central nervous system lesions.
AB  - The character and progression of gross and light microscopic central nervous
      system lesions associated with a hereditary neurodegenerative disease with
      juvenile onset are described in ten affected Kerry blue terriers. The central
      nervous system lesions were progressive and, although there was some variability,
      followed a relatively well-defined temporal course. Degeneration of Purkinje
      cells in the cerebellar cortex was evident at the onset of clinical signs
      (approximately 4.5 months of age). After two weeks to one month of clinical
      illness, retrograde transsynaptic neuronal degeneration occurred in the olivary
      nucleus. Degeneration of both large and small neurons in the caudate nucleus
      began approximately two to three months after the onset of clinical signs, and by
      seven to eight months of clinical illness, the caudate nucleus was reduced to
      numerous microcystic cavities and almost was devoid of neurons except for a
      narrow subependymal zone and the tail of the nucleus. Neuronal depletion in the
      pars reticularis of the substantia nigra, which was evident after five to seven
      months of clinical illness, was attributed to an anterograde transsynaptic
      mechanism of neuronal degeneration. The disease in the Kerry blue terrier is
      compared with similar neurodegenerative diseases in man. The pathogenesis may
      involve altered neurotransmitter systems in the cerebellar cortex and caudate
      nucleus.

PMID- 6836870
TI  - Canine mammary epithelial neoplasms: biologic implications of morphologic
      characteristics assessed in 232 dogs.
AB  - We studied 232 dogs that underwent mastectomy for mammary epithelial neoplasms.
      The mastectomy specimens were evaluated according to structural parameters found
      to be prognostically significant in human mammary neoplasms, such as grade of
      atypia in non-invasive proliferations of duct epithelium, extent of malignant
      disease, and nuclear differentiation in malignant neoplasms. In this study, the
      biologic behavior of mammary lesions was assessed according to the frequency of
      development of de novo or recurrent invasive carcinoma within two years. Our data
      indicate that we can recognize structural variables which permit classification
      of mammary neoplasms into categories with distinct patterns of biologic behavior.
      In addition to normotypic proliferative lesions and invasive malignant neoplasms,
      we were able to identify precancerous atypic and non-invasive malignant neoplasms
      that are considered precursor lesions in women. Also, as in women, nuclear
      differentiation was found to be a prognostically significant variable. Lymphoid
      cellular reactions, considered to be structural correlates of host-tumor immune
      responses in women, were noted in 35% of dogs with precancerous or malignant
      neoplasms. Application of the described parameters should facilitate comparative
      studies of canine and human mammary carcinogenesis and use of the dog as a model
      for the development of new therapeutic modalities and immunoprophylaxis of human
      mammary cancer.

PMID- 6836868
TI  - [Gunshot wounds in children].
AB  - The authors present the analysis of results of the complex anesthesiologic
      reanimatological and surgical treatment of children (51) with gun-shot wounds.
      Twenty six children were wounded by home-made guns, nineteen children by an
      explosion of cartilages and shells and six patients--from the rifle and shot
      guns. The wounds were penetrating in 29 children, not penetrating--in 22. Due to
      active surgical tactics and complex of anesthesiologic-reanimatological measures
      49 out of 51 children were completely cured.

PMID- 6836872
TI  - Brain damage in the epileptic beagle dog.
AB  - Brain lesions associated with seizures in an epilepsy-prone colony of beagle dogs
      were studied in 68 dogs which died as a result of the disorder. Approximately
      48.5% of the dogs had a relatively specific pattern of acute brain damage on
      microscopic examination. In all affected areas, there was a triad of lesions
      consisting of perineuronal and perivascular astrocytic swelling, perineuronal
      basophilic incrustations, and ischemic cell change in neurons. The most common
      areas of involvement were the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, claustrum, amygdala,
      septal nuclei, dorsal thalamic nuclei, isthmus of the pyriform lobe, and
      hippocampus. The cerebellum was affected only rarely. In addition, intraneuronal
      inclusions identical to Lafora's bodies found in myoclonus epilepsy of man were
      detected in thalamic nuclei of six dogs.

PMID- 6836873
TI  - Chlamydial infection of the gastric mucosa in twelve cats.
AB  - Twelve cats, all from research or commercial breeding colonies, had unidentified,
      intracellular organisms in the gastric mucosa. Histochemical staining and
      ultrastructural features provided the basis for identification of the organism as
      a Chlamydia sp. Ultrastructural observations were restricted to one of the 12
      infected cats. There was no consistent association of gastric chlamydial
      infection and clinical disease. The infection was present in apparently healthy
      cats as well as those with a variety of clinical signs and lesions, especially
      weight loss of undetermined origin. None of the cats with gastric chlamydial
      infection had lesions compatible with feline pneumonitis. The significance of
      gastric chlamydial infection has yet to be established.

PMID- 6836874
TI  - Lobular dissecting hepatitis in the dog.
AB  - Ascites and acquired portosystemic shunts were consistent findings in six dogs
      with a chronic hepatitis of unusual morphology and unknown etiology. The
      hepatitis was characterized by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate and dissection of
      the lobular parenchyma by reticulin and fine collagen fibers. While limiting
      plates were disrupted by this process, portal inflammation was inconstant and
      seldom marked. Biopsy samples generally had very small, sublobular regenerative
      nodules, but larger nodules sometimes were present postmortem. Dilated vascular
      channels, representing sinusoids and portal venous radicles were a prominent
      feature of most affected livers. The lesions differ from previously documented
      chronic hepatitis in the dog, and from the chronic hepatitides in man.

PMID- 6836876
TI  - Telangiectasia of Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs.
AB  - Multiple vascular lesions involving kidneys and various other organs consisting
      of cavernous, blood-filled spaces lined by endothelial cells with various amounts
      of mural collagen are described in eight Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs. The most
      common clinical sign associated with this condition is hematuria.

PMID- 6836877
TI  - A comparison of canine giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative granuloma of
      bone.
AB  - The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of a canine giant cell tumor
      of bone are compared with those of a giant cell reparative granuloma of bone. The
      giant cell bone tumor usually emerges from the epiphysis of long bones as a
      rapidly developing lytic bone lesion without periosteal new bone formation. The
      giant cell reparative bone granuloma originates preferentially in flat bones on
      the skull and mandible as a result of trauma-associated intraosseous hemorrhage,
      with new bone formation and sclerosis. Histologically, the neoplastic giant cells
      are scattered diffusely throughout the tissue, in contrast to the inflammatory
      giant cells that accumulate at the periphery of hemorrhages or around bone
      spicules. This peripheral accumulation is accompanied by a prominent collagenous
      and reticulum stroma. The morphologic and histochemical features of the giant
      cells can not be used as reliable tools to differentiate these two conditions.

PMID- 6836875
TI  - An immunopathologic study of the bovine prepuce.
AB  - The prepuces of 83 bulls with macroscopically normal reproductive tracts were
      obtained at slaughter and microbiological, immunological, and histologic studies
      were done and the findings were correlated. Some bulls had been vaccinated on
      several occasions against Campylobacter fetus. Mean concentrations of
      intrapreputial immunoglobulins (Ig) in 27 bulls were IgG1 - 1.8 +/- 5.2; IgA -
      0.16 +/- 0.15; and IgM - 0.24 +/- 0.24 mg/ml. High concentrations of IgG2 in some
      bulls precluded precise estimation but mean concentration was in excess of 11.0
      mg/ml (range 0 to 20+ mg/ml). Differences between these concentrations were
      significant (P less than 0.005). Mean prevalences of class specific,
      immunoperoxidase-labeled plasma cells in the preputial dermis of 35 bulls were
      IgG - 39.0 +/- 9.3; IgA - 16.6 +/- 6.6; and IgM - 2.2 +/- 1.8 labeled cells/100
      nuclei (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of IgG labeled cells in the preputial
      dermis was, however, negatively correlated with the concentration of
      intrapreputial IgG (IgG1 + IgG2) (r = -0.4; P less than 0.05). Except for an
      apparently lower intrapreputial Ig concentration in Trichomonas foetus-infected
      bulls than in negative ones, there were no significant correlations between
      intrapreputial immunoglobulin concentration, histologic findings, and age,
      infection, or vaccination status of the bulls.

PMID- 6836878
TI  - Four cases of Hodgkin's disease in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).
AB  - Twelve of 152 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) necropsied at the Ontario
      Veterinary College between 1970 and 1980 had neoplasms. Tumors occurred in one of
      86 wild skunks, and 11 of 66 captive skunks. Captive skunks were primarily from
      one source and were older animals. Tumors in four skunks resembled those found in
      Hodgkin's disease of man. This diagnosis was based on the presence of Sternberg
      Reed cells, the cellular pattern, and the malignant behavior of the neoplasms. In
      two of these skunks, a second neoplasm also was present. Other tumors diagnosed
      included pulmonary adenocarcinoma, pulmonary adenomatosis, undifferentiated
      adenocarcinoma, renal adenocarcinoma, thyroid adenoma, interstitial cell tumor,
      pheochromocytoma, pinealoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and spindle cell sarcoma.

PMID- 6836881
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum in a horse.

PMID- 6836880
TI  - Ceroid-lipidosis: an acquired storage-type disease of liver and hepatic lymph
      node.

PMID- 6836879
TI  - Erythrocyte volume distribution analysis and hematologic changes in dogs with
      iron deficiency anemia.
AB  - Hematologic features were characterized in 12 dogs with iron deficiency anemia
      attributable to chronic external blood loss. Consistent abnormalities in
      hemograms included moderate to marked reticulocytosis, decreased mean corpuscular
      volume, and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Hypoproteinemia
      occurred in only four of 12 dogs. Consistent blood film findings included
      hypochromic cells, leptocytosis, and erythrocyte fragmentation. These dogs had
      significantly decreased serum iron values (p less than 0.001) and percent
      transferrin saturation values (p less than 0.001) compared with 33 clinically
      healthy adult dogs. The total iron binding capacity values of these dogs were not
      significantly different (p greater than 0.5) than those of the healthy dogs.
      Using erythrocyte volume distribution curves, the percentages of microcytic cells
      (less than or equal to 45 fl) were determined to range from 20% to 82%.
      Sequential changes in erythrocyte subpopulations were evaluated in four dogs
      which received iron therapy. The hematologic response consisted of fairly rapid
      restoration of packed cell volume by production of normocytes followed by a more
      gradual replacement of residual microcytes by new normocytes.

PMID- 6836882
TI  - Development of veterinary epidemiology.

PMID- 6836883
TI  - Production of enteritis in calves by the oral inoculation of pure cultures of
      Campylobacter fetus subspecies intestinalis.
AB  - Pure cultures of an isolate of Campylobacter fetus subspecies intestinalis
      obtained from the congested small intestinal mucosa of a two-week-old calf were
      used to infect three milk-fed calves and three ruminating calves in two separate
      controlled experiments. Inoculated animals all developed clinical signs which
      included fever (to 40 degrees C) and diarrhoea with excess clear mucus containing
      occasional spots of blood. C fetus subspecies intestinalis was isolated from the
      faeces of all infected animals in the two experiments but not from those of the
      five control animals. Changes in the enteric tract were most marked in the ileum
      which was thickened and mildly inflamed with accumulations of lymphoid cells and
      crypts filled with inflammatory cells in all six infected animals. The mesenteric
      lymph nodes were pale and enlarged. C fetus subspecies intestinalis was recovered
      from the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of the infected animals and less
      frequently from the abomasum, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and gall bladder. It
      was never isolated from the control animals. Antibody to the inocular strain of C
      fetus subspecies intestinalis was demonstrated, at titres of at least 1 in 320,
      in the serum of all inoculated animals and was absent from all the control sera.
      The findings were considered to indicate that C fetus subspecies intestinalis
      caused the syndrome described above and that the syndrome produced differed only
      in minor details from that produced in calves by infection with C jejuni.

PMID- 6836884
TI  - Sensitivity to dimetridazole of field isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae.

PMID- 6836885
TI  - Invasion of capillary endothelial cells by Ehrlichia ondiri.

PMID- 6836886
TI  - Vitamin E values in the plasma of stabled thoroughbred horses in training.

PMID- 6836887
TI  - Metaldehyde poisoning in horses.

PMID- 6836888
TI  - Feeding behaviour of Psoroptes ovis.

PMID- 6836889
TI  - Quadriplegia in young lambs.

PMID- 6836890
TI  - Diseases of farmed fish: salmonids.

PMID- 6836891
TI  - Inclusion of ginseng in the water offered to growing rabbits.

PMID- 6836892
TI  - Difficulty in protecting lambs against Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A with
      antiserum.

PMID- 6836893
TI  - Ear-tipping for identification of neutered feral cats.

PMID- 6836894
TI  - Treatment of empyema in a cat.

PMID- 6836895
TI  - Warble infestation of sheep.

PMID- 6836896
TI  - Cats and 'cowpox'.

PMID- 6836898
TI  - Pox virus infection of a domestic cat.
AB  - Pox virus infection of a domestic cat is reported. It was manifest clinically as
      a skin infection which resolved within two months. Histopathology and electron
      microscopy of the epidermis revealed inclusion bodies typical of pox virus
      infection. Serological examination of convalescent serum confirmed recent pox
      virus infection. Cow pox virus was considered as the most likely infectious agent
      in this case.

PMID- 6836897
TI  - Natural and experimental pox virus infection in the domestic cat.
AB  - Three naturally occurring cases of cowpox virus infection in the domestic cat are
      described. Isolate L97 was identified as cowpox virus on the basis of morphology,
      serology and characteristic cytopathic effect in tissue culture and on the
      chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs. All three cases showed multiple
      skin lesions, slight conjunctivitis or purulent ocular discharge but there were
      no respiratory signs. Two animals recovered, the third was put down as a stray.
      The disease was reproduced in experimental cats. Isolate L97 was inoculated into
      two cats intravenously and two cats by skin scarification. All four developed
      skin lesions at the site or sites of inoculation, and in one cat multiple lesions
      developed. The two intravenously inoculated animals also developed severe oedema
      of the neck and brisket around the site of inoculation into the jugular vein, and
      one cat died. Serological and pathological findings on both the natural and
      experimental infections are described. Serum neutralising antibody titres in both
      natural and experimental early convalescent cases were significantly enhanced by
      the addition of complement.

PMID- 6836900
TI  - Feeding cows' colostrum to newborn lambs.

PMID- 6836899
TI  - Treatment of fish disease.
AB  - The treatment of fish diseases is relatively unsophisticated. Administration of
      drugs may be by solution in water, incorporation in feed or by injection. Many of
      the drugs used are traditional remedies although antibiotics and anaesthetics are
      being increasingly employed. The efficacy of the drugs may be affected by various
      environmental factors such as pH, the presence of organic matter and temperature.
      Some of the drugs may themselves affect the environment by destroying plants or
      bacterial filters.

PMID- 6836901
TI  - Avian sex determination.

PMID- 6836902
TI  - A fatty liver-kidney syndrome of merlins.

PMID- 6836903
TI  - Giant-cell arteritis in a terrapin.

PMID- 6836904
TI  - Nodular panniculitis.

PMID- 6836905
TI  - COSREEL: computerised recording system for herd health information management.
AB  - COSREEL (Computer System for Recording Events affecting Economically important
      Livestock) is an animal health recording system which has been designed for the
      management of cattle, sheep and pigs kept at the ARC Institute for Research on
      Animal Diseases. Unlike other, numerical, coding systems for the recording of
      disease, COSREEL has a versatile alpha-numeric coding system which can record
      diagnosis of disease, local and general symptoms, medical and surgical treatment,
      vaccination and antiserum therapy, therapeutic management changes and tests with
      their results. The system is used for recording management, veterinary and milk
      data, and is a terminal based system using a remote computer. Various lists for
      action are produced for both herd managers and clinicians including weekly
      reports of the production and fertility status of individual cows, and lists of
      cows due for pregnancy diagnosis or infertility investigation. This paper
      describes the general features of COSREEL, gives examples of the way diagnoses
      are coded and discusses the future potential of such a system for the development
      of a central data base for epidemiological analysis.

PMID- 6836906
TI  - Fish farm checklist.

PMID- 6836907
TI  - Survival of goat embryos in rabbit oviduct.

PMID- 6836908
TI  - Foreign body in puppy.

PMID- 6836909
TI  - Head tilt in puppies.

PMID- 6836910
TI  - Hip dysplasia in a clumber spaniel.

PMID- 6836911
TI  - Unusual intestinal obstruction in a cat.

PMID- 6836912
TI  - Multiantibiotic resistance in Chlamydia psittaci from ducks.

PMID- 6836913
TI  - Glycosylation and intracellular transport of spleen focus-forming virus
      glycoproteins.
AB  - We have investigated the pattern of glycosylation of the membrane glycoproteins
      encoded by a polycythemic strain of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). These
      include a major species designated gp52 and its processed form which is
      designated gp65. The SFFV glycoproteins were found to be predominantly
      intracellular, although a portion of gp65 is expressed on the cell surface. gp65
      was observed to be highly sialylated and resistant to digestion with
      endoglycosidase-H (endo-H). In contrast, gp52 was endo-H sensitive and the
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile of the endo-H digests suggested the
      presence of four glycosylation sites. Analysis of tryptic glycopeptides from gp52
      by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography also suggested the
      presence of four glycosylation sites. Glycopeptide analysis of Pronase digests of
      gp52 revealed two major size classes with molecular weights of 2200 and 1500,
      which correspond to two of the four oligosaccharide size classes reported
      previously for MuLV gp70's (M.C. Kemp, N.G. Famulari, P.V. O'Donnell, and R.W.
      Compans, 1980, J. Virol. 34, 154). Both glycopeptide size classes were sensitive
      to digestion with endo-H. The glycopeptide profile of gp65 was found to be very
      heterogeneous and the predominant form was a 2900-dalton size class. In addition
      a fucosyl glycopeptide of 2500 daltons was observed in gp65, but not in F-MuLV or
      F-MCF glycoproteins. In the presence of the sodium ionophore monensin, the
      processing of gp52 to gp65 was inhibited. Instead a smaller protein of about
      60,000 daltons was observed, which did not arrive at the cell surface, a
      situation analogous to the processing and post-translational modification
      reported for gp52 from anemic isolates of SFFV (S.K. Ruscetti, J.A. Field, and
      E.M. Scolnick, 1981, Nature (London) 294, 663).

PMID- 6836914
TI  - A genetic map of reovirus: assignment of the newly defined mutant groups H, I,
      and J to genome segments.
AB  - Mutants representing three previously undefined reovirus type 3 mutant groups
      have been isolated following backcross of suppressed pseudorevertants to wild
      type (R.F. Ramig and B.N. Fields, 1979, Virology 92, 155-167; R. Ahmed, P.R.
      Chakraborty, A.F. Graham, R.F. Ramig, and B.N. Fields, 1980, J. Virol. 34, 383
      389). The prototype mutant of each of the three new mutant groups was mapped by
      analysis of genome segment segregation in intertypic recombinants derived from
      crosses between the type 3 ts mutants and ts mutants of type 1 or type 2.
      Segregation analysis revealed the location of the group H prototype mutant
      tsH(26/8) to be genome segment M1, that of the group I prototype mutant tsI(138)
      to be segment L3, and that of the group J prototype mutant tsJ(128) to be segment
      S1. Mapping of the group I and J lesions required the identification of
      suppressed ts lesions in some of the intertypic rcombinant clones.

PMID- 6836915
TI  - Effects of hexose starvation and the role of sialic acid in influenza virus
      release.
AB  - We previously reported that growth of influenza virus in the presence of
      cytochalasin B (CB), a drug that disrupts microfilaments and blocks hexose
      transport, yields particles with glycoproteins that are heterogeneous and
      unlabeled by [3H]glucosamine. When the virus was grown in glucose-free medium, we
      observed reduced virus titers similar to those produced by CB. In contrast,
      treatment of cells with cytochalasin D (CD) and dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB),
      drugs which are known to inhibit microfilament function without affecting hexose
      transport, did not cause a reduction in virus titers or a change in the
      electrophoretic mobility of viral glycoproteins. Partial inhibition of
      glycosylation of viral glycoproteins resulting from either CB-induced inhibition
      of hexose transport or from glucose starvation resulted in the formation of
      aggregates of virions on cell surfaces. These aggregates can be dissociated by
      exogenous neuraminidase. Under these conditions the virions contained a
      functional hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) but an inactive neuraminidase
      glycoprotein (NA) which was not able to cleave sialic acid, the HA receptor, from
      viral glycoproteins, or from cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids.
      Neuraminidase treatment of membrane fractions of CB-treated cells did not cause a
      shift in the electrophoretic mobility of HA or in the gel elution profile of HA
      glycopeptides obtained after extensive pronase digestion from HA synthesized in
      glucose-free medium. These findings suggest that sialic acid is not present on
      labeled glycoproteins in either of these preparations. We obtained evidence that
      the sialic acid to which HA binds when NA is inactive is on glycoproteins and
      glycolipids of cellular origin. Our results support the idea that even when NA is
      functional, sialylated cellular components impede influenza virus release.

PMID- 6836916
TI  - Transcription and translation in the autonomous parvovirus KRV.
AB  - We describe here the isolation and partial characterization of at least five
      viral specific RNAs synthesized in the rat nephroma (RN) cell after infection
      with the parvovirus KRV. The RNAs have the approximate lengths of 4.7, 3.4, 3.0,
      1.25, and 0.95 kilobases (kb) and are probably the functional messages. The 4.7
      kb RNA would represent a transcript of 95 to 100% of the viral genome. The most
      abundant message, about 3.0 kb, represents over 50% of the viral genome and
      probably codes in the reticulocyte transcribing system for the most abundant
      viral protein (MW 68,000) which is the main viral capsid protein. This abundant
      RNA, on the basis of R loop data, has an origin of transcription about 0.38 to
      0.42 map units from the 3' end of the single-stranded KRV genome.

PMID- 6836917
TI  - Variants of type-C retroviruses from DBA/2 mice: protein-structural and
      biological properties.
AB  - Ecotropic murine leukemia viruses isolated from normal and carcinogen-treated
      DBA/2 mice can be classified into three main groups that differ in structure and
      biology. Two groups, called Ea and Eb, consist of N-tropic viruses related to the
      standard endogenous ecotropic virus of AKR mice. Ea viruses replicate with
      reduced efficiency in cell lines derived from C3H mice, while Eb viruses
      essentially replicate normally in these cells. As elsewhere reported, Ea viruses
      appear apathogenic in C3H mice, while Eb viruses cause a moderate incidence of
      late leukemias. The biological differences are associated with modulations of the
      fine structure of the gag gene-encoded proteins. A third group of viruses, called
      Ec, is clearly more diverged. They differ extensively from Ea and Eb viruses in
      the products of the gag and env gene, and are related to Rauscher leukemia virus.
      Ec viruses are NB-ecotropic; they replicate efficiently in all mouse cells
      tested, and induce leukemias in C3H mice with shorter latency periods than Eb
      viruses. Since published nucleic acid hybridization data indicate that DBA/2 mice
      only carry one ecotropic provirus, we assume that the DBA/2 viruses represent a
      developmental series of variants evolving during the life of the animals.

PMID- 6836919
TI  - Medication therapy in office visits for selected diagnoses: The National
      Ambulatory Medical Care Survey United States, 1980.

PMID- 6836921
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of dysfunction of the papillary muscles].

PMID- 6836922
TI  - [Recording of monophasic action potentials of the heart using suction electrodes.
      Importance for clinical practice].

PMID- 6836920
TI  - [Incidence of venous diseases of the lower extremities in the Czech population].

PMID- 6836918
TI  - A group of temperature-sensitive mutants of Moloney leukemia virus which is
      defective in cleavage of env precursor polypeptide in infected cells also induces
      hind-limb paralysis in newborn CFW/D mice.
AB  - A group of temperature sensitive mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus
      (MoMuLV) designated as ts1, ts7, and ts11 rapidly and invariably induce hind-limb
      paralysis ranging from 28 to 52 days postinjection of neonatal CFW/D mice. These
      temperature-sensitive mutants are defective in the processing of the precursor of
      the env protein, gPr80env in infected cells, resulting in the accumulation of
      gPr80env in the infected cell and production of virions with reduced amounts of
      gp70, p15E, and p12E when compared to that of the wild-type virion. In contrast,
      two nonparalytogenic ts mutants, ts3 and ts10, like the wild-type virus, show
      normal processing of gPr80env in infected cells and production of virions with a
      similar amount of env proteins to that of the wild-type virion.

PMID- 6836923
TI  - [Monophasic action potentials in patients with paroxysmal atrial
      tachyarrhythmias].

PMID- 6836924
TI  - [Rare disorders of the heart atrium in the echocardiographic picture].

PMID- 6836926
TI  - [Metastatic calcifications in patients on regular dialysis therapy].

PMID- 6836925
TI  - [Prognosis of acute myocardial infarct in relation to age].

PMID- 6836927
TI  - [Modes of existence of patients with blood diseases].

PMID- 6836928
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head in a patient with IgA glomerulopathy].

PMID- 6836929
TI  - [Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, prevention and treatment].

PMID- 6836930
TI  - [Bone neoplasms and their effect on the body].

PMID- 6836931
TI  - [Professional training and continuing education of the medical personnel of
      military health resorts].

PMID- 6836932
TI  - [Improvement of training in military surgery].

PMID- 6836933
TI  - [Clinical manifestations of extremely severe variants of acute radiation sickness
      and treatment during the transportation of patients].

PMID- 6836934
TI  - [Various indices of the functional activity of the immune system in normal and
      pathological states].

PMID- 6836935
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 6836936
TI  - [Physiopathologic substantiation of the degree of air enrichment with oxygen
      during anesthesia and resuscitation].

PMID- 6836937
TI  - [Effects of intermittent exposure to low temperatures on the human organism].

PMID- 6836938
TI  - [Changes in the indices of protein metabolism during acclimatization of man to
      Arctic conditions].

PMID- 6836939
TI  - [Organization of the medical support of flight safety].

PMID- 6836940
TI  - [Cold sterilization of surgical instruments and scrubbing of surgeons' hands
      during prolonged sea voyages].

PMID- 6836941
TI  - [Determination of physical endurance in sailors during sea voyages].

PMID- 6836942
TI  - [Characteristics of microsurgical replantation of the thumb].

PMID- 6836943
TI  - [Use of the Ilca method for cholesterol determination in different types of
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 6836944
TI  - [Improvement of the organization of emergency care in multiple injuries].

PMID- 6836945
TI  - [Epidemiology of mycoses].

PMID- 6836946
TI  - [Resection of the pancreas by a CO2 laser].

PMID- 6836947
TI  - [Indices of physical development in military personnel in the Arctic region].

PMID- 6836948
TI  - [High density lipoprotein cholesterol and iodine-accumulating function of thyroid
      gland in patients with alimentary obesity as well as patients with ischemic heart
      disease with excessive body mass].
AB  - Accumulation of 131I was decreased in patients with heart ischemic disease and
      excessive body mass whereas this decrease occurred more seldom in patients with
      metabolic-alimenatary obesity. Increase in the ratio of alpha
      cholesterol/cholesterol in blood serum was more typical for the patients with
      heart ischemic disease as compared with corpulent patients. Deterioration of
      iodine-accumulating function of thyroid gland in the ischemic disease was
      accompanied by decrease in content of cholesterol as well as by increase of alpha
      cholesterol. These alterations were not found in the patients with obesity. In
      the decrease of iodine-accumulating function of thyroid gland contents of
      cholesterol and alpha-cholesterol were dissimilarly altered in the patients with
      excessive body mass and heart ischemic disease as well as in the patients with
      metabolic-alimentary obesity.

PMID- 6836949
TI  - [Chemoluminescence of blood serum lipoproteins isolated by means of
      ultracentrifugation and precipitation with heparin and calcium].
AB  - Apo-B containing lipoproteins obtained after precipitation with heparin and
      calcium as well as very low (LPVLD) and low density lipoproteins (LPLD) produced
      using preparative scale ultracentrifugation had identical chemoluminescent
      properties. However, LPVLD are involved only slightly in total chemoluminescence
      of apo-B containing lipoproteins due to their low concentration in blood serum.
      In blood serum there is the factor having the quenching effect on the
      chemoluminescence and also exhibiting the antioxidant activity. Subfraction 3 of
      high density lipoproteins from patients with atherosclerosis differed from the
      analogous subfraction of donors by its chemoluminescent properties.

PMID- 6836951
TI  - [Effect of type III glucocorticoid receptors on binding of corticosterone by the
      type II glucocorticoid receptors].
AB  - Binding of 3H-corticosterone by the glucocorticoid receptors of the II and III
      types in liver and thymus cytosol was studied in adrenalectomized rat males.
      After thermoinactivation of the type II glucocorticoid receptors the rate of
      corticosterone binding with the only receptors of the III type was estimated at
      various periods of incubation. The rate of 3H-corticosterone association with the
      glucocorticoid receptors of the III type in liver and thymus cytosol was
      distinctly higher as compared with that of the III type receptors. The type III
      glucocorticoid receptors were shown to inhibit binding of corticosterone with the
      receptors of II type until their saturation with the hormone occurred.
      Physiological role of the type III glucocorticoid receptors in biological
      efficiency of glucocorticoids is discussed.

PMID- 6836952
TI  - [Estimation of gastrin in human gastric juice].
AB  - Concentration of gastrin was estimated in the stomach contents using a
      radioimmunoassay following careful collection and conservation of gastric juice.
      Debit of gastrin and the rate of its secretion are the most informative patterns
      as compared with estimation of the hormone content in the juice. The estimation
      of gastrin might be important both in studies of pathogenesis of stomach diseases
      and of mechanisms of drug action in treatment of the diseases.

PMID- 6836950
TI  - [Estimation of glycosaminoglycan hydrolases in liver tissue].
AB  - Optimal enzyme/substrate ratios were studied to estimate the activity of
      lysosomal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hydrolases in homogenate and supernatant
      fractions of liver tissue. The modified procedures enabled, without any loss in
      sensitivity, to decrease the amount of biological material in samples on
      estimation of hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D
      hexosaminidase; concentration of substrate was also decreased in mixtures
      containing hexosaminidase. Under conditions of experimental cirrhosis total and,
      especially, non-sedimented activities of GAG-hydrolases as well as the rate of
      the enzymes penetration through lysosomal membranes were increased in liver
      tissue.

PMID- 6836953
TI  - [UDP-coenzymes in glioma tissue of human brain].

PMID- 6836954
TI  - [Effect of neutrophil leukocyte lysosomal enzymes on synthesis of
      prostaglandins].
AB  - Lysosomal enzymes of neutrophil leukocytes carried out both direct and indirect
      activation of prostaglandin synthesis via the kinin system, affecting the Hageman
      factor, which, except of kinins, activated blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and
      blood complement. Lysosomal enzymes participating in formation of biologically
      active substances may be among factors responsible for development of the
      absolute neutrophil leukocytosis in adaptation syndrome.

PMID- 6836955
TI  - [Phospholipid composition of various tissues of rats during dehydration].
AB  - It was established that water deprivation led to dissimilar disturbances of
      phospholipid composition in rat blood serum and tissues. Content of individual
      phospholipids altered depending on their susceptibility to peroxidation. The role
      of the alterations observed in membrane destabilization, inactivation of membrane
      bound enzymes, intensification of lipid peroxidation and other disorders are
      discussed.

PMID- 6836957
TI  - [Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and blood plasma lipids in senility and longevity
      in men and women from Georgia and Kirghizia].
AB  - In men with increase of age from senile to longevity content of total cholesterol
      was practically unaltered (182 and 184 mg/100 ml), concentration of cholesterol
      in LPHD was increased from 52 mg up to 58.3 mg/100 ml simultaneously with
      unaltered content of LPLD cholesterol (102 mg/100 ml) and of LPVLD cholesterol
      (27.1 and 27 mg/100 ml). Triglycerides decreased from 136 mg down to 101 mg/100
      ml. In women content of total blood cholesterol was about 218 mg/100 ml in senile
      age and 204 mg/100 ml in longevity and concentration of LPHD cholesterol--61 mg
      and 64.6 mg/100 ml, respectively. Contrary to men, in women a distinct decrease
      in content of LPLD cholesterol (from 127 mg to 110 mg/100 ml) as well as of
      triglycerides (from 154 to 145 mg/100 ml) were found on transition from senile
      age to longevity. Concentration of the apolipoproteins studied was unaltered in
      men on transition from senile age to longevity and in women concentration of
      apolipoprotein A-I decreased from 143 mg to 130 mg/100 ml and of apo-E from 11.1
      mg to 9.2 mg/100 ml. The decrease in LPLD cholesterol content and increase of
      LPHD cholesterol, simultaneously with relatively low content of total blood
      cholesterol, appear to be considered among the reasons responsible for longevity
      and lesser risk of heart ischemic disease.

PMID- 6836956
TI  - [Effect of the antioxidant OP-6 on some model reactions of the blood coagulation
      system].
AB  - Formation and lysis of fibrin clot were studied in model systems containing
      antioxidant OP-6, which is concerned with substances of 3-hydroxypyridine class,
      using viscosimetry, UV- and IR-spectroscopy. The antioxidant was shown to react
      with fibrin-monomer molecules shifting an equilibrium of the
      monomer/polymer/aggregate system towards monomer. OP-6 was able to bind heparin
      reversibly with formation of the dissociation complex. As shown by biochemical
      analysis of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products the antioxidant OP-6 was
      responsible for inhibition of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis. These data
      obtained in the model system correlated well with the specific effects of the
      antioxidant on physiological state of blood coagulation in experimental animals.

PMID- 6836959
TI  - [Influence of heliotrin on the rat liver microsomal oxidation system].
AB  - Content and functional activity of rat liver microsomal haemoproteins were
      studied after injection of heliotrin (HT). Heliotrin, at a dose of 30 mg/100 g,
      decreased distinctly cytochrome P-450 concentration in microsomes and increased
      the rate of inactivation of the enzyme reduced form. Decrease in the NADPH and
      NADH-dependent flavoprotein activities, decrease in O-dealkilating and p
      hydroxylating activities and a distinct increase in NADPH- and ascorbate
      dependent peroxidation of membrane lipids were found in rat liver microsomes
      treated with HT. As shown by polarographic analyses HT influenced the increase in
      the rate of NADPH oxidation similar to the effects caused by typical substrate of
      hydroxylation dimethylaniline. When the binding spectra were estimated, HT proved
      to have high affinity to cytochrome P-450. The data obtained suggest that HT
      appears to interact with the microsomal monooxigenase liver tissue system.

PMID- 6836958
TI  - [Effect of slow rates of freezing on the functional state of mitochondria from
      various types of tissue preparations of kidney cortex].
AB  - Changes in functional activity of mitochondria, in concentration of respiration
      enzymes and the state of internal membrane after slow freezing down to -5
      degrees, -12 degrees, -21 degrees and -30 degrees of various tissue preparations
      of renal cortex (homogenates, slices, etc) were studied. The following phenomena
      were found: an increase in the rate of mitochondrial respiration at the second
      metabolic state, inhibition of electron transport most distinct during
      mitochondrial oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate, a decrease in concentration of
      cytochromes, an increase in the internal membrane permeability. Considerable
      damage of mitochondria was observed at temperatures between -5 degrees and -12
      degrees but the most pronounced impairment of the organelles occurred at -10
      degrees -20 degrees, i. e. at the freezing point of free water in the suspension
      and at eutectic temperatures.

PMID- 6836964
TI  - [State of oxidizing processes in rat liver in chronic heliotrine hepatitis].
AB  - Parameters of oxidative phosphorylation, the rate of respiration in various
      metabolic states of rat liver mitochondria as well as activity of lactate-and
      malate dehydrogenases in blood serum were altered in rats with chronic heliotrine
      hepatitis. Cupir (copper containing complex substance) normalized the enzymatic
      activity and improved all the energy reactions studied in mitochondria.

PMID- 6836961
TI  - [Some patterns of hexosephosphate metabolism in extracts of human blood
      platelets].
AB  - Glucose phosphate isomerase reaction was shown to be important in turnover of
      fructose-6-phosphate in extracts of human thrombocytes as a result of
      deterioration of glycolytic process. Effect of fructose-6-phosphate concentration
      on its consumption and on formation of glucose-6-phosphate was studied.
      Alterations in content of fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate in
      presence of various NADP concentrations were estimated.

PMID- 6836962
TI  - [Effect of xidiphone and vitamin E on lipid metabolism patterns in dyslipidemia
      induced by cholesterol loading].
AB  - Spectrum of lipids, their transport forms in blood serum and phospholipid
      composition in erythrocyte membranes were studied under conditions of
      dislipidemia induced by cholesterol loading after treatment with a mixture
      containing diphosphonate (xidiphone) and vitamin E as well as with the only
      vitamin E. Lypolytic reactions of metabolims were activated during simultaneous
      treatment with xidiphone and vitamin E: content of NEFA and triglycerides as well
      as of lipoprotein atherogenous fractions was decreased in blood, at the same
      time, decrease of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine and increase of
      phosphatidylethanolamine were found in erythrocyte membranes. The data obtained
      are in agreement with the hypothesist hat membrane-stabilizing drugs improve cell
      metabolism in pathological conditions related to deterioration of cytomembrane
      structure components.

PMID- 6836960
TI  - [Effects of detergents on neutral cholesterol esterase from porcine aorta].
AB  - Effects of detergents on hydrolysis of cholesteryl-14C-oleate by porcine aorta
      extracts were studied. Digitonin, cetyl pyridinium chloride and sodium
      taurocholate inhibited the activity of cholesterolesterase, sodium cholate
      enhanced slightly the hydrolysis and Triton X-100 exhibited a considerable
      stimulating effect. After chromatography of aorta extracts on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m two
      cholesterolesterase fractions were obtained with molecular weight of about
      200,000 and above 1 500 000, respectively; the first fraction was active only in
      presence of Triton X-100 and the second--hydrolysed cholesteryl-14C-oleate both
      in presence and absence of the detergent. As a result of treatment of aorta
      extracts with digitonin (0.4%), the Triton-dependent low molecular fraction of
      cholesterolesterase was obtained. Since the molecular weight of the enzyme
      fraction was about 20,000 (as shown by elution profiles), the activating effect
      of Triton on cholesterolesterase appears to be not due to disaggregation of the
      enzyme of to destruction of the membrane-enzyme complexes.

PMID- 6836963
TI  - [Effect of native vitamin A metabolites and their 4-oxo derivatives on formation
      of specific cytolytic T lymphocytes].
AB  - Immunomodulating effect of some structural derivatives of retinoic acid (RA) on
      formation of specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (T killers) was studied in mixed
      cell culture of spleen lymphocytes from allogenic mice. Native vitamin A
      metabolites (RA, 13-cis-RA) and the structure-like substances (C15-C20-retinoids
      and others) at 10(-6) = 10(-7) M concentrations increased 2-2.5-fold the
      formation of T killers in vitro after stimulation of the lymphocytes by
      suboptimal doses of allogenic X-ray irradiated cells, the lymphocyte
      proliferation was inhibited in the mixed culture at 10(-5) M and higher
      concentrations of the substances. Optimal concentrations of retinoids did not
      increase the 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA of lymphocytes stimulated by
      alloantigens or mutagens. The data obtained suggest that the previously found
      antitumoral efficiency of the compounds studied may be due to stimulation of
      specific cellular immunity.

PMID- 6836965
TI  - [Transketolase activity and the TDP effect in tissues of animals with
      experimental tumors].
AB  - Activity of transketolase and the TDP-effect were studied in blood and liver
      subcellular fractions of mice with Erlich ascites carcinoma and of rats with
      sarcoma 45 which were maintained on a synthetic diet containing either all the
      vitamins or devoid of thiamine. As compared with other mice liver subcellular
      fractions the microsomal fraction proved to be the most sensitive to thiamine
      deficiency: inhibition of transketolase activity reached 75%. Decrease in TDP
      effect found in microsomes might reflect the most distinct terminal steps of B1
      avitaminosis. As a result of vitamin B1 deprivation of mice with Erlich ascites
      carcinoma activity of transketolase was decreased by 30% and the TDP-effect
      increased by 34% in the liver microsomal fraction; in the tumoral cells the
      enzymatic activity was decreased by 23% and the TDP-effect was increased by 10%.
      Thiamine-free ration of rats with sarcoma 45, at the initial steps of the tumor
      growth was responsible for the most distinct decrease in transketolase activity
      and an increase in the TDP-effect in blood.

PMID- 6836966
TI  - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the hydroxylating system and lipid peroxidation in
      membranes of endoplasmic reticulum from ischemic rat liver].
AB  - If 60 min long ischemia of a liver tissue lobe occurred after feeding of rats
      with oil emulsion of alpha-tocopherol at a dose of 50 mg/kg within 12 hrs during
      2 days, the "ischemic" decrease in metabolism of amidopyrine and aniline, in
      content of cytochrome P-450 and activity of initial and middle steps of NADPH
      dependent redox chain as well as intensification of ascorbate-dependent
      peroxidation of membrane lipids were prevented in endoplasmic reticulum of
      hepatocytes. The protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on these xenobiotics
      metabolism is apparently related to an increase in catalytic activity of
      cytochrome P-450, to the enzyme antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties.

PMID- 6836967
TI  - [Different efficiency of Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, in the reaction of the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of adrenal glands with thiamine pyrophosphate].
AB  - In systems with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenal glands and
      endogenous residual thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased
      the lag period and increased the rate of steady-state reaction. Relative
      efficiency of the cations was the following: Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than
      Mg2+. The activating effect of these cations was also exhibited in presence of
      low content of exogenous TPP but it was not found under conditions of saturation
      of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with the coenzyme. In the systems with the
      cations concentrations approaching the optimal ones, the apparent Km value for
      TPP in the presence of calcium was about 4-fold and in presence of manganese
      about 7-fold lower as compared with the systems containing magnesium.

PMID- 6836968
TI  - [Effect of tumor antigens on leukocyte adherence in the blood in stomach cancer].
AB  - The reaction of changes in leukocyte adherence was compared in 79 cases of
      stomach cancer, 44 cases of other gastric diseases and healthy subjects. Tumor
      antigens were shown to inhibit the adherence of lymphocytes and granulocytes in
      61 out of 79 cancer patients (77,2%); adherence inhibition was more frequently
      observed in patients with stage I-III tumors than in cases of stage IV tumors.
      The removal of the antigens of normal mucosa from tumor tissue extracts did not
      affect the frequency of positive reactions in cancer patients significantly.
      However, the frequency dropped from 22-34 to 2.3-13.6% in the group of non-tumor
      patients.

PMID- 6836969
TI  - [Catecholamine content of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - The levels of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) in
      gastrointestinal tumors and normal tissue adjacent to malignant tumor were
      studied. Noradrenaline level in tumor was considerably lower than that in normal
      tissue. Neither adrenaline nor dopamine level showed any changes. It was
      established that tumor development occurs against the background of functional
      desympathization and adverse changes in the ratio of mediator and hormonal links
      in tissue sympatho-adrenal system.

PMID- 6836970
TI  - [Morphogenetic potentials of the enterochromaffin cells in tumor growth].
AB  - The structure of 69 argentaffine-cell serotonin-producing carcinoids was studied.
      The concentration of cells which display the morphofunctional characteristics of
      enterochromaffin cells was found to vary within a wide range: from constituting
      the bulk of cell element population to few or even solitary cells. The variegated
      histological patterns observed in carcinoids suggest different types of secretion
      of EC-cells; para-, endo- and sometimes-exocrine secretion. Tumor cells produce
      amines and polypeptide hormones. The functional significance of lipids frequently
      identified in carcinoids remains to be established. Since endocrine cells at
      different stages of differentiation and mucus-producing ones occur in the same
      tumors, it is suggested that both originate from the cambial elements of the
      epithelial lining of mucous membranes.

PMID- 6836971
TI  - [Evaluation of the local effect of cryosurgery in recurrent endometrial
      hyperplasia].
AB  - A complex examination of the endometrium by cytomorphological methods, including
      impulse cytophotometry, radiometric monitoring and blood plasma-estradiol
      measurements was carried out in patients aged 41-54, to ascertain the local
      effect of cryosurgery performed for recurrent endometrial hyperplasia. The study
      was conducted in perimenopausal patients before and 4 months after cryosurgery.
      The results confirmed the high local effect of the treatment and showed DNA
      histograms of the endometrium to provide a means of objective monitoring of
      treatment effectiveness.

PMID- 6836972
TI  - [Inhibition of the growth of Ehrlich transplantable carcinoma in mice by
      antichorionic immune serum].
AB  - The literature data suggest the promotion of tumor cell implantation by chorionic
      gonadotropin. This hypothesis stimulated a study on the effect of antichorionic
      serum on the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma. An immune serum to chorionic
      gonadotropin obtained by immunization of rabbits was injected into mice with
      Ehrlich carcinoma transplanted under the skin of the back. Intramuscular
      injections of 0.1 ml were given twice a day for 14-21 days. A 45% inhibition of
      tumor growth (p less than 0.05) was observed after injection of serum with a high
      titer of antibodies to chorionic gonadotropin (1:10,000). It was matched by a
      much lower inhibition (21%), following injection of a low-titer serum (1:100).
      These results may be used as a rationale for development of an anahormone of
      chorionic gonadotropin for active immunization against chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 6836974
TI  - [Experience in organizing the registration of oncological patients].
AB  - The inaccuracy of cancer registries at oncological dispensaries is due to the
      incomplete and delayed supply of statistical data on cancer patients and deaths
      from neoplasms by the district oncological service authorities, treated cancer
      patients and consultations given--by general clinical hospitals and diagnoses of
      cancer established post-mortem or shortly before death--by the local authorities
      of general medical services. As a result of the efforts made by the staff of the
      Cancer Control Department of the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncological Dispensary to
      obviate this difficulty, cancer registry coverage rose from 59.8% in 1960 to 100%
      in 1980.

PMID- 6836973
TI  - [Blastomogenic activity of sulfotrinaphthylene furan].
AB  - The biological (including carcinogenic) effect of an anthraquinone dye
      sulfoderivative--sulfotrinaphthylenfuran--was studied. The agent displayed low
      toxicity and cumulation in different species of experimental animals and germ
      cultures. However, a long-term intoxication by the agent led to tumor formation
      in the lungs of albino mice, following the pattern of focal reticulosis. The
      blastogenic effect of sulfotrinaphthylenfuran is suggested.

PMID- 6836975
TI  - [Choice of treatment method in stomach polyps].
AB  - 107 patients with gastric polyps were examined. A multi-zone aiming biopsy of
      mucosa was carried out during fibrogastroscopy, after a method developed at the
      Institute. A morphologic and morphometric examination of bioptates was performed
      to assess the degree of changes (degree of dysplasia), according to V. Kh.
      Vasilenko et al., and Oehlert et al. Since stage III dysplasia (i.e. marked
      precancer) was detected outside polyps in 17.7% of cases, both the condition of
      polyps and the morphofunctional state of the entire gastric mucosa were used as a
      basement in selecting the method of treatment. Indications for different
      procedures of surgery depending on the degree and expansion of dysplasia in
      polyps and mucosa are discussed.

PMID- 6836976
TI  - [Standardization of the cytological conclusions in adenomas and cancer of the
      rectum].
AB  - The histological patterns of 120 adenomas and 365 carcinomas of the rectum were
      established cytologically in accordance with the WHO Histological Classification
      of Tumours on the basis of morphological, cellular and functional characteristics
      of neoplasm differentiation. It was found that cytological methods cannot be
      fully relied upon in the identification of the histological pattern of adenoma.
      Three degrees of adenoma cell atypia are distinguished: mild, moderate and
      severe. The latter is more characteristic of villous tumor. The following
      cytological classification of rectal cancer is suggested: 1. Adenocarcinoma: (a)
      well-differentiated, (b) moderately-differentiated. 2. Mucinous adenocarcinoma.
      3. Signet-ring cell carcinoma. 4. Squamous cell carcinoma: (a) keratinizing, (b)
      non-keratinizing. 5. Undifferentiated cell carcinoma. 6. Carcinoma
      (histologically unidentifiable).

PMID- 6836977
TI  - [Individual prognosis of patients with cancer of the gastric cardia].

PMID- 6836978
TI  - [Secretory function in stomach cancer patients based on data from intragastric pH
      measurement].

PMID- 6836982
TI  - [Hormonal therapy of cancer of the corpus uteri].
AB  - A complex clinico-morphological study on the effect of 17-hydroxyprogesterone
      capronate was conducted in a group of 75 patients aged 27-69 (stage I-15; stage
      II-41; stage III-17 and stage IV-2 cases). Total dose for the whole course was
      8.0-10.0. All patients underwent surgery after hormonotherapy. Uterine cavity
      (before and during hormonotherapy) and resected material were examined
      histologically and cytologically. It was shown that 17-hydroxy-progesterone
      capronate is capable of antitumor effect and even complete regression is
      possible. Most antitumor effect was observed at the initial stages of malignant
      disease and in cases of well-differentiated tumor. The data obtained may be used
      in deciding whether 17-hydroxyprogesterone-capronate should be administered in
      conjunction with other measures or separately.

PMID- 6836979
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the sigmoid in combination with a mucinous
      cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries].

PMID- 6836981
TI  - [Complex diagnostic method of early forms of cancer of the uterine cervix].
AB  - A complex of diagnostic procedures including extended colposcopy, aiming biopsy,
      cytological examination and endocervical curettage was carried out in 110
      patients for differential diagnosis between precancerous diseases and early forms
      of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Application of the complex diagnostic method
      may be recommended for identification of early stages of malignancy in cervix
      uteri. Due to the findings obtained, it becomes possible to give a more accurate
      definition of pathologic process necessary for determination of therapy to be
      carried out in patients with cervical carcinoma in situ which has been detected
      without colposcopy. Cytological method appeared to provide much information on
      tissue specimens.

PMID- 6836980
TI  - [Cytological characteristics of severe dysplasia, intraepithelial cancer and
      stage IA cancer of the cervix uteri based on multivariate analysis (joint
      study)].
AB  - The investigation was concerned with a computer statistical analysis of 40
      cytological indexes of severe dysplasia, intraepithelial cancer and stage IA
      carcinoma of cervix uteri. It was found that, irrespective of stage, of major
      importance are such factors as atypia of cells and nuclei, cell division rate,
      keratinization involving the formation of specific structures, increasing atypia
      of cells accompanied by high-rate division and reduction in variety of cell
      functions.

PMID- 6836983
TI  - [The role of hormone therapy in the treatment of cancer of the endometrium].
AB  - Application of 17-oxyprogesterone-capronate as a component of complex treatment
      of 188 patients with stage I-III carcinoma of corpus uteri improved the long-term
      results at all stages of the process. Hormonotherapy should be recommended as a
      method of choice in the postoperative treatment of patients suffering from stage
      I-II endometrial carcinoma with superficial infiltration of the muscular layer or
      as an independent method of treatment in elderly patients in case of
      contraindications for surgery and radiation procedures. The method offers good
      advantages in young patients at the initial stages only.

PMID- 6836984
TI  - [Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri].
AB  - Specimens obtained from 15 patients suffering from a rare form of carcinoma of
      corpus uteri--a clear cell adenocarcinoma--were studied. The importance of
      identification of this form of cancer as a specific nosologic unit was shown,
      since the 5-year survival rate in patients with this lesion (57.2 +/- 16.4%) was
      lower than that in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, involvement in stage
      I tumor patients and scheme of treatment being identical. The clear cell
      adenocarcinoma was shown to occur in more elderly patients as compared with
      adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and its symptoms are not pathognomonic. The
      occurrence, in some cases, of clear cell adenocarcinoma in the endometrium and co
      occurrence of the elements of endometrial and clear cell adenocarcinomas in the
      same tumor point to the origin of clear cell adenocarcinoma from the elements of
      Muller's system.

PMID- 6836985
TI  - [Factor analysis of the results of treatment of cancer of the corpus uteri using
      a computer].
AB  - A method for constructing a mathematical model of pathological processes
      occurring in endometrial carcinoma is suggested. A multifactor analysis
      established that both combined therapy and complex radiation procedure involving
      the use of intracavitary insertion of 60Co spherical applicators may be equally
      effective in patients with stage I tumor identified by the factor model. A
      description of pathological conditions generally resulting in death of the
      patient within the first 2 years, irrespective of treatment modality, is given.
      The results of a study on pathologies involved in endometrial carcinoma on the
      basis of mathematical simulation refine the prognosis and allows to select
      adequate treatment.

PMID- 6836989
TI  - [Pathologicoanatomic data on metastasis of the stomach cancer to the ovaries].
AB  - The results of evaluation of the data on autopsies for stomach cancer provided by
      the pathology departments of the hospitals of Leningrad (1975-1979) and
      Petrozavodsk (1965-1979) are presented. Metastases into ovaries were found in 98
      cases. i.e. 3.5% of the total number of autopsies which revealed stomach cancer
      (2,823) and 7.4% of the autopsies performed in patients who died from stomach
      cancer (1,320). The rates of incidence of gastric cancer metastases into ovaries
      appeared to be nearly half those reported for Leningrad hospitals for the
      previous period (1952-1969) by S. I. Kulinich. Moreover, mortality rates for
      cases of metastases into ovaries tend to increase considerably in the older age
      groups: deaths at the age of 50 and older (up to 97 years) amounted to 73.5% of
      cases. The said alterations are regarded as a manifestation of pathomorphism of
      stomach cancer.

PMID- 6836986
TI  - [Immediate intraoperative cytological diagnosis of tumors of the ovaries].
AB  - Suboperative cytological examination of 86 neoplastic and 4 non-tumor lesions of
      the ovaries was performed. Phase-contrast, supravital and luminescent microscopy
      and stained smears from different parts of excised tumor were used
      simultaneously. Ovarian tumors were shown to have definite cytomorphological
      features which permit identification of benign and malignant tumors and, in most
      cases, their histological pattern, too. Three degrees of proliferation of
      epithelium in serous cystadenoma that require different clinical approach, were
      distinguished. Correct diagnosis was established in 92.2% of cases. This figure
      amounted to 95.5% (67 patients) in the benign tumor group, while diagnostic
      errors were made in 4.5% of cases. In the malignancy group those figures were
      91.3 and 8.6%, respectively. Suboperative cytological examination can be carried
      out within 7-10 minutes; it allows to avoid errors in specimen preparation and is
      of high diagnostic value.

PMID- 6836987
TI  - [Evaluation of the role of chemotherapy adjuvant to surgery in patients with
      cancer of the ovary, 1st stage].
AB  - The paper discusses the results of a retrospective analysis of the data on the
      evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery performed in
      167 patients with stage I ovarian cancer who were treated at the Institute and
      Oncological Dispensary in the city of Gomel in 1963-1979. The evaluation was
      based on the comparison of 5-year survival rates and the frequency of recurrences
      in the following three study groups: surgery, surgery + chemotherapy and surgery
      + chemotherapy + prophylactic chemotherapy. It was found that chemotherapy
      courses given within 2.5-3 years after primary treatment are followed by a nearly
      two-fold (1.9) drop in recurrence frequency and a 16.6% increase in 5-year
      survival.

PMID- 6836988
TI  - [Immediate results of sarcolysine therapy of patients with malignant tumors of
      the ovaries].
AB  - The data on 41 patients with epithelial malignant tumors of the ovaries, who
      received sarcolysin at different stages of combined treatment, were analyzed. The
      following factors of therapeutic effect of sarcolysin were established: age of 41
      50 years, presence of ascites, administration by two routes--intravenously and
      intracavitarily and a total dose in excess of 160 mg. Still another factor is
      contributed by the extent of surgical procedure carried out as primary treatment.

PMID- 6836991
TI  - [Morphometric analysis of local immune reactions in the larynx of rats under the
      effect of methylcholanthrene].
AB  - Local reactions of cellular immunity in laryngeal tissues were studied in the
      course of experimental carcinogenesis induced by painting rats' laryngeal mucosa
      with a methylcholanthrene solution. The morphometric analysis established a
      decrease in the total count of lymphocytes and an increase in the fraction of
      their pyroninophilic forms in the lymphoid infiltrates of laryngeal mucosa. Also,
      immunoglobulin-producing cells were observed during the malignant transformation
      of laryngeal epithelium. At the early stages of proliferative processes occurring
      in the larynx, the functional activity of lymphocytes and their ability to
      undergo blasttransformation and to stimulate the synthesis of immunoglobulin
      producing cells were increased, although the total count of lymphocytes in
      lymphoid infiltrates was decreased.

PMID- 6836992
TI  - [Effect of retinoids on the development and growth of experimental tumors].
AB  - The ability of six retinoids to inhibit cancer growth was tested on mice with
      Lewis lung carcinoma, PRG and RSM-5 tumors. It was shown that all tumors possess
      individual sensitivities to retinoids. The most effective substances were: methyl
      retinoate (all-trans and 13-cis isomers) and a retinoid with a small side chain
      and an oxidated beta-iononic ring (substance 3). Each of those three retinoids
      was tested for an ability to prevent methylcholanthrene-induced carcinogenesis in
      the skin. All-trans methylretinoate had the most pronounced effect; however, it
      was the most toxic, too.

PMID- 6836993
TI  - [Ecology and cancer].

PMID- 6836994
TI  - [Human nutrition in prolonged autonomous crossings over drifting ice].
AB  - The authors describe the experience gained with nutrition for participants of ski
      transitions over drifting ice of the Arctic, organized by the newspaper
      "Komsomolskaya Pravda" in 1972, 1976 and 1979, including a 76-day transition
      towards the North Pole. Use was made of dehydrated products with a daily diet
      mass of 800-3300 g per man, in which fat content was 40-45% of total caloricity,
      and that of proteins 12-18%. Hot food was taken not less than 2 times a day
      (breakfast and supper). If the number of transitions exceeds 8-9 a day, it is
      necessary to have daytime rest and to take hot food. Additional intake of
      vitamins, particularly of vitamin C, is required, especially during transitions
      lasting over 20-25 days. If the transitions last over 35-40 days, it is required
      that additional food and fuel should be supplied. Optimal duration of the
      intervals between additional food supplies constitutes 12-15 days, the maximal
      permissible one 25-30 days. It is advisable to have rest days and high-caloric
      diet every other 15-20 days. The daily energy deficiency amounting to 1250-1500
      kcal per man enables the trained group to maintain high physical and intellectual
      working capacity. However, overall energy deficiency should not exceed 30 000-40
      000 kcal per man.

PMID- 6836990
TI  - [Blastomogenesis in rats induced by transplacental introduction of estrogens].
AB  - The increased frequency of tumors of the uterus and testis was observed in old
      noninbred rats after the transplacental treatment with estrogens. Eleven tumors
      of the uterus (6.7 +/- 1.9%) were detected in 165 noninbred rats, supplied by the
      animal farm of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, 18 months or longer after
      pre- and neonatal treatment with diethylstilbestrol, synestrol and sigetin. Those
      neoplasms included 4 squamous-cell carcinomas of cervix uteri and vagina. 4
      myomas, 2 papillomas of the vagina and one endometrial adenocarcinoma. An ovarian
      adenocarcinoma and an angiosarcoma of the oviduct were found in two animals.
      These findings were matched by 2 endometrial adenocarcinomas (1.6 +/- 1.1%) and 3
      benign ovarian tumors (in two animals) detected in 124 control female rats aged
      more than two years. The transplacental treatment with sigetin was followed by an
      increased frequency of interstitial cell tumors of the testis (up to 16.4 +/-
      5.0% as compared with 2.2 +/- 1.6% in control) which developed at an earlier
      stage, too.

PMID- 6836995
TI  - [Characteristics of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and vitamin D allowance in the
      Far North].
AB  - Examination of children aged 3 to 17 years and adult population including
      parturients living in Naryan-Mar and northern settlements of the Nenets national
      district revealed the reduced calcium and elevated phosphorus concentrations in
      the blood serum of the examinees as compared with respective parameters in
      analogous population groups living in the middle zone of Russia (Moscow and
      Kazan). These changes, particularly marked in winter and spring, are determined
      by national and local features of the diet poor in calcium and containing excess
      amount of phosphorus. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood serum
      of the population living in the Extreme North was 2 times lower than that in the
      population of the middle zone, constituting 15-20 and 30-40 ng/ml, respectively.
      The reason for a lower vitamin D supply in the North is insufficient insulation.

PMID- 6836996
TI  - [Scientific bases of rational nutrition for children and adolescents].
AB  - Among diversified conditions of the environment, nutrition factor is of no less
      importance for harmonic physical and intellectual development of the growing
      organism. The paper summarizes the main principles of organizing rational
      nutrition for the growing organism. Demonstrates the significance of a
      comprehensive study of actual nutrition, physical development and the health
      status of children and adolescents in specifying the consumption rates of foods
      and energy with a purpose of organizing rational nutrition. Recommends new
      consumption rates of foods and energy for children and adolescents with due
      regard for results of investigations carried out in the RSFSR (Moscow) and other
      republics of this country, approved by the Board of the USSR Ministry of Health
      in 1982. Notes that the use of industrial products having an increased biological
      value plays an essential part in rationalization of children and adolescents'
      nutrition.

PMID- 6836997
TI  - [The hygienic basis and efficacy of rational nutrition for children with retarded
      growth].
AB  - The authors followed up for a year a group of 35 boys aged 11 with growth
      retardation without pronounced endocrine or other chronic pathology. The energy
      losses of these children were found to constitute 2400 kcal on an average, which
      is 460 kcal lower than the All-Union standard. Actual nutrition of the children
      examined was marked by insufficient caloricity, deficiency of basic food
      substances, vitamins, macroelements and trace elements. The diets, which were
      balanced as regards energy value and food substances, in conjunction with other
      hygienic measures promoted the normalization of the children's growth,
      improvement of the well-being, and the health status.

PMID- 6836999
TI  - [Possibility of producing lactose-free products for infant and dietetic
      nutrition].
AB  - A study has been made of the conditions for manufacturing a milk-protein
      concentrate with a low lactose content. In order to hydrolyze lactose, defatted
      pasteurized milk is supplemented with yeast beta-galactosidase in an amount of 6
      Units per g lactose. Milk and lactose are allowed to stand for 6-7 h at 35
      degrees C, which provides a 75% hydrolysis of lactose. After thermal treatment
      and cooling hydrolyzed milk is subjected to lactic fermentation during which the
      residual amount of lactose and part of galactose are fermented. It is specified
      that the concentrate manufactured may be used for feeding children with upset
      carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 6836998
TI  - [Basic principles of diet therapy in food allergy in young infants].
AB  - Altogether 101 infants aged 3 weeks to 1 year with exudative-catarrhal diathesis
      and apotic dermatitis were examined. Sensitization of the infants with different
      protein fractions of cow's milk and egg protein was studied by the passive
      hemagglutination test with the use of antigenic erythrocyte diagnostic agents. In
      the majority of exudative-catarrhal diathesis cases and in medium-severe apotic
      dermatitis, sensitization with 2-3 antigens was noted, while in severe atopic
      dermatitis, sensitization with 4-5 antigens was recorded in over 40% of cases. On
      the basis of the data obtained there have been developed scientifically validated
      principles of dietetics for infants suffering from food allergy.

PMID- 6837001
TI  - [Pantothenic acid metabolic disorder and its relation to the change in energy
      processes in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension].
AB  - Pantothenic acid metabolism and the status of energy processes in leukocytes were
      examined in 171 patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease. It was
      shown that the patients' body supply with the vitamin decreased as the disease
      progressed and heart failure supervened. The deficiency of pantothenic acid was
      shown to be interrelated with the impairment of energy processes. Application of
      pantothenate in a dose of 200 mg a day for two weeks led to the increased content
      of pantothenic acid and to normalization of energy processes.

PMID- 6837000
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of canned diet foods on the course of pyelonephritis in
      children].
AB  - The biochemical and immunological indicators were examined in 109 pyelonephritis
      children kept on the diet which included therapeutic preserves containing, apart
      from certain food ingredients, a complex of vitamins and tinctures of medicinal
      grasses. Therapeutic preserves were discovered to have a beneficial effect on the
      time course of the clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis, vitamin balance, lipid
      metabolism and immunity status. The results attest to advisability of applying
      therapeutic preserves as part of a complex of therapeutic measures to the
      management of children with pyelonephritis.

PMID- 6837002
TI  - [Effect of various casein contents of the diet on nitrosodimethylamine-induced
      carcinogenesis in rats].
AB  - Comparative morphological analysis of the animal groups given 8 and 20% casein in
      the diet has shown that the general nature and the trend of morphological changes
      in rat organs, induced by nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) appeared similar. At the
      same time the reduction of casein content in the diet from 20 to 8% significantly
      raised the number of NDMA-induced tumors, changed their sites and times of
      development.

PMID- 6837004
TI  - [Methods of determining the aphos content in rice and wheat grain].

PMID- 6837003
TI  - [Effect of chlorine derivative of phenoxy acid herbicides on the biological value
      of the grain from cereal crops].
AB  - It has been demonstrated in experiments on weanling rats and Tetrahymena
      pyriformis infusoria that the treatment of rye and wheat plantings with
      herbicides--amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DA) and dialene
      leads to alterations in the biological value of the grain of these Gramineae.
      Similar alterations in the effectiveness of protein assimilation by young rats
      have been obtained after introducing into a formula food mixture fed to animals
      of 2,4-DA in an amount found below the sensitivity limits of the methods used for
      its determination. The results obtained suggest that the biological value of
      Gramineae grain grown with the use of herbicides is affected both by the changes
      in the grain content of natural food substances and by the presence in the grain
      of unidentifiable residual amounts of herbicides.

PMID- 6837007
TI  - [Work experience in improving the ongoing sanitary inspection of public food
      establishments].

PMID- 6837006
TI  - [Classification of food poisoning].

PMID- 6837009
TI  - Zeta potentials, van der Waals forces and hemagglutination.
AB  - It has recently become possible to determine the van der Waals (Hamaker)
      coefficient of erythrocytes, whilst their zeta-potential has been known for some
      time. With these two data the net potential energy of interaction versus distance
      diagrams could be elaborated for unsensitized human erythrocytes suspended in
      saline water, as well as for erythrocytes monogamously sensitized with anti-D
      (Rh0) antibodies of the IgG class. Unsensitized erythrocytes can approach each
      other, to within approximately equal to 79 A of their sialoglycoprotein surfaces,
      leaving a distance between their actual cell membranes of approximately equal to
      180 A, which is considerably more than the maximum distance between the two
      valencies of an IgG molecule (approximately equal to 120 A). This explains why
      unaided anti-D (Rh0) antibodies of the IgG class cannot cross-link two D (Rh0)
      positive erythrocytes, although cross-linking can easily be achieved with IgM
      class antibodies. D (Rh0)-positive erythrocytes, monogamously sensitized with
      antibodies of the IgG class, can approach each other to within approximately
      equal to 60 A (between the Fc ends of the protruding antibodies), which makes
      cross-linking by means of anti-IgG antibodies of the IgG class feasible.

PMID- 6837005
TI  - [Amino acid composition of raw and cooked products].

PMID- 6837008
TI  - Non-centrifugal plasma collection using cross-flow membrane plasmapheresis.
AB  - A prototype of a cross-flow membrane plasmapheresis system was tested for its
      safety and efficacy in normal donors. 550 ml of plasma can be harvested in less
      than 1 h. The procedure appears to be safe for the donor. No significant
      alterations in donor hematological, coagulation, or biochemical values were
      obtained after the procedure compared to the predonation levels. Changes in the
      classical and alternate complement pathways were studied serially by analysis of
      functional hemolytic titers, C3 and C4 levels, and C3 and factor B cleavage
      products. No firm evidence of complement activation by the polysulfone filtration
      cell membrane was found.

PMID- 6837011
TI  - Acute idiosyncratic reaction to hydrochlorothiazide ingestion.

PMID- 6837010
TI  - The Sdx antigen and antibody: biochemical studies on the inhibitory property of
      human urine.
AB  - Anti-Sdx is an IgM complement-binding autoantibody that defines a red cell
      antigen which is independent of I, i, Sp1 (Pr) and Gd. Hemagglutination by the
      antibody is unusually sensitive to variation in pH, salt, or other charged
      molecular species. The antibody is inhibited by urine from Sd(a+) persons, but
      inhibition is a nonspecific effect caused by charged molecules. No specific Sdx
      substance could be demonstrated, and Sdx antigen does not appear to be directly
      associated with the Sid blood group. In view of these findings we propose that
      this antibody should be renamed anti-Rx.

PMID- 6837012
TI  - Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6837013
TI  - Beeper use on a medical service.

PMID- 6837014
TI  - Herpes simplex infections.

PMID- 6837016
TI  - Costs of care provided by trainees in internal medicine and family practice.

PMID- 6837015
TI  - Assessing continuing medical education needs in New Mexico.
AB  - In 1981 a decision was made by the University of New Mexico School of Medicine to
      create a new Office of Community Professional Education whose primary function
      was to create continuing medical education programs tailored to its constituency.
      To accomplish this, a needs assessment survey was distributed to a stratified
      random sample of members of the New Mexico Medical Society practicing throughout
      the state to determine preferred learning styles, locations of programs and times
      of year, as well as other determinants for attending such programs. The survey
      was received by 647 physicians and 469 returned them-a response rate of 72.4
      percent. Conclusions reached as a result of the needs assessment will serve as a
      basis of policy formation for the delivery of continuing medical education at the
      University of New Mexico School of Medicine.

PMID- 6837017
TI  - The 'request for proposal' approach to designation of a trauma center.
AB  - Although much has been written about the need for trauma centers, little has been
      published concerning the method of designating one. The New Mexico Emergency
      Medical Service Bureau of the Health and Environment Department invited all
      hospitals in the region. A selection committee made up of two trauma surgeons and
      an emergency physician reviewed the RFP documents and visited each competing
      hospital. The selection committee's report was presented to the New Mexico
      Medical Society in an open forum. The Emergency Medical Service Bureau reviewed
      both the report and the response of the medical society, which was supportive.
      Finally, a designation was made by the bureau and announced by the governor, and
      was well accepted by all of the participating parties.

PMID- 6837019
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia.
AB  - The diagnosis of Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in five cases was established
      by culture of pulmonary secretions obtained by transtracheal aspiration. B
      catarrhalis caused an acute lobar pneumonia which usually responded promptly to
      appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Recognition that this organism may cause
      pneumonia in a nonimmunocompromised person should alert clinicians to consider it
      as a possible pathogen when Gramnegative diplococci are seen on smears of
      specimens from the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 6837018
TI  - Colchicine use for familial Mediterranean fever. Observations associated with
      long-term treatment.
AB  - Of 85 patients with familial Mediterranean fever receiving continuous
      prophylactic colchicine therapy, 62 (73 percent) have had a significant reduction
      in the severity and frequency of their attacks. All 62 have been observed for
      three years or more, for a total of 4,680 patient-months and a mean duration of
      75.5 months. Of the 85 patients, 23 (27 percent) did not complete three years of
      treatment for a variety of reasons. Diarrhea was the most common side effect,
      necessitating reduction of colchicine dosage in 12 patients, but discontinuation
      of treatment in only one. No other significant side effects were observed.
      Continuous, prophylactic colchicine therapy is effective in preventing the
      recurrent febrile paroxysms of familial Mediterranean fever and is indicated in
      those patients who are incapacitated by frequent attacks or who are at risk for
      amyloidosis developing.

PMID- 6837020
TI  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Hawaii--an update.
AB  - In an examination of the descriptive epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma
      in Hawaii for the period of 1960 through 1980, we identified 589 cases of
      invasive disease. On analysis, we found that the incidence of cutaneous malignant
      melanoma increased substantially among all age groups, both sexes and all
      anatomic sites in whites during the study period. In contrast, little change in
      incidence was found for nonwhites. Our findings are in agreement with the
      hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation is a causal factor for the occurrence
      of this condition among whites.

PMID- 6837021
TI  - Fever and leukopenia in a 2-year-old.

PMID- 6837022
TI  - Diazepam withdrawal.

PMID- 6837023
TI  - An epistemology of nuclear weapons effects.

PMID- 6837024
TI  - The survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: delayed effects.

PMID- 6837025
TI  - The last traffic jam: psychologic consequences of nuclear war.

PMID- 6837028
TI  - Reassessing acid-base balance in hypothermia--a comparative point of view.

PMID- 6837027
TI  - Cholestasis.
AB  - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the
      Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from
      transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs David W. Martin, Jr, Professor of
      Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the
      direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the
      Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of
      Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San
      Francisco, CA 94143.

PMID- 6837031
TI  - Imported South African tick typhus.

PMID- 6837030
TI  - Fulminant neonatal hepatic necrosis associated with echovirus type 11 infection.

PMID- 6837026
TI  - Physiology and pharmacology of hypothermia.
AB  - Homoiothermic organisms react to hypothermia by shivering and thermogenesis to
      retain their euthermic state. This reactive homeostatic mechanism recruits a
      strong sympathetic response, which must be suppressed by anesthesia and adjuvants
      during induced hypothermia. Below 30 degrees C there is significant neural and
      organ depression associated with cold narcosis. Cardiac arrhythmias and
      ventricular fibrillation are grave developments when the core temperature is
      below 28 degrees C. Proper cardiopulmonary support must be instituted in a
      patient who has induced or accidental hypothermia at these severely hypothermic
      levels.Although clinical hypothermia is used to protect the brain and the heart
      from ischemic insults during an operation, it induces a complex array of
      physiologic changes in the body that must be appreciated so that optimal care may
      be provided to a patient.

PMID- 6837033
TI  - Shoulder pain: differential diagnosis.

PMID- 6837029
TI  - Long-standing angioedema with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency associated with
      occult lymphoma.

PMID- 6837032
TI  - Antimuscle antibody in infantile botulism.

PMID- 6837034
TI  - Possible therapy for snoring.

PMID- 6837035
TI  - Hospital charges in rural Utah.

PMID- 6837036
TI  - Pneumothorax: a complication of 'skin popping'.

PMID- 6837037
TI  - Falls in the elderly: a clinical approach.
AB  - "Topics in the Primary Care Medicine" Presents articles on common diagnostic or
      therapeutic problems (such as dizziness, pruritus, insomnia, shoulder pain and
      urinary tract infections) encountered in primary care practice that generally do
      not fall into well-defined sub-specialty areas and are rarely discussed
      thoroughly in medical school, house staff training, textbooks and journals. Often
      the pathophysiology is poorly understood and clinical trials to assess the
      effectiveness of diagnostic tests or therapies may be lacking. Nevertheless,
      these problems confront practitioners with practical management questions. The
      articles in this series discuss new tests and therapies and suggest reasonable
      approaches even when definitive studies are not available. Each article has
      several general references for suggested further reading. We hope this series is
      of interest and we welcome comments, criticisms and suggestions.

PMID- 6837038
TI  - Effects of clinical preceptorship on career and practice site choices.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of primary care preceptorships on the choices of career
      site and specialization, graduates of the University of Utah School of Medicine,
      1972 through 1975, were questioned. Most practicing physicians who elected
      preceptorship training rated the experiences as valuable, but not important
      enough to be required. Physicians based their decisions for an urban practice on
      medical factors; rural areas were chosen more for personal reasons. In addition,
      data showed that the size of the respondents' hometowns was not associated with
      their choice in the size of their practice site nor their specialty. Respondents
      also reported that their medical school training was deficient in preparing them
      for the economic and psychosocial aspects of medical practice. Many Utah
      graduates are participating as clinical faculty or as preceptors for medical
      institutions and indicated that for their particular communities family
      physicians, obstetricians-gynecologists and pediatricians are still needed.

PMID- 6837040
TI  - Current concepts of respiratory diseases in childhood: the significance of
      physiological development.
AB  - Recent advances in pulmonary physiology have led to new concepts in the
      understanding of childhood respiratory disorders. The functional development of
      the respiratory system appears responsible for most of the age-related attributes
      of pediatric lung diseases. Increased understanding of the altered physiology of
      these disorders creates a new and improved basis for supportive care and therapy.
      The recognition of long lasting functional disturbances caused by some seemingly
      trivial childhood respiratory disorders suggests a close relationship to chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood. Relevant developmental risk factors
      are defined; their influence on the manifestation of common pediatric respiratory
      disorders is discussed.

PMID- 6837039
TI  - [Vitamin K deficiency in the newborn].
AB  - Newborns have low levels of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Early
      studies were suggestive of vitamin K deficiency. Recently these findings were
      questioned by studies that failed to detect signs of vitamin K deficiency in the
      clotting system of newborns using more specific methods, while other studies did
      find signs of vitamin K deficiency using the same methods. The question was
      finally solved by direct measurement of vitamin K showing very low levels of the
      vitamin in the serum of newborns immediately after birth. Whether vitamin K
      supplementation to the mother reduces the incidence of vitamin K induced changes
      in the clotting system of newborns remains to be elucidated. In the meantime it
      seems prudent to administer parenteral vitamin K prophylactically to all newborns
      immediately after birth.

PMID- 6837041
TI  - [Recurring croup. New clinical, pathophysiological and etiological aspects].
AB  - Three consecutive studies were concerned with clinical, pathophysiologic, and
      immunologic aspects of recurrent croup. The first investigation demonstrated that
      recurrent croup is a distinct disease entity which shares many clinical features
      with asthma and should be distinguished from viral laryngotracheobronchitis. In
      the second study a high incidence of airway hyperreactivity was found in children
      with recurrent croup. This specific type of hyperreactivity suggested an
      involvement of both the lower and the upper respiratory tract. The third study
      demonstrated a tendency towards low serum IgA levels in children with recurrent
      croup; hence immunoregulatory defects may be conductive to the development of
      this disorder.

PMID- 6837042
TI  - [Changes in thyroxine conversion (low T3 syndrome) in children at the time of
      their first manifestation of type I diabetes].
AB  - Measurements of T4, T3, rT3, and TSH were done in 27 children with newly
      diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus prior to institution of treatment. Serum T4
      concentrations were low in 18%, serum T3 concentrations were low in 37%. Serum
      rT3 concentrations were elevated in 59%; the ratio rT3/T3 was elevated in 78%.
      The ratio rT3/T3 was significantly higher in the group of patients with the low
      pH, the low bicarbonate levels, the high blood glucose, and the high serum
      osmolality values than in the group of patients with the high pH, the high
      bicarbonate levels, the low blood glucose, and the low serum osmolality values.

PMID- 6837043
TI  - [Life-threatening hypernatremia caused by faulty preparation of fully adapted
      infant formula].
AB  - Two male newborns developed severe life threatening hypernatremia with serum
      sodium levels of 181 and 196 meq/l respectively. Both children were fed a two-to
      fivefold concentrated powdered infant formula since birth. Shortly before
      admission diarrhea developed in both patients. The children were admitted during
      the third week and fourth week respectively, of their lifes with clinical signs
      of severe hyperosmolar dehydration. In both, treatment of shock was instituted
      and was followed by rehydration therapy. Great care was taken to lower serum
      sodium by not more than 15 meq/l/day in order to prevent cerebral edema. Inspite
      of these measures, the first patient developed cerebral seizures 5 hours after
      initiation of fluid replacement. The patient was intubated, and measures aimed at
      prevention of cerebral edema were started (hyperventilation). The eventual
      outcome was satisfactory, on follow up the patient showed no signs of persistent
      cerebral damage. In the second patient the same management was started from the
      beginning and no cerebral problems occurred. Restoration of stable body functions
      with a normal electrolyte status was achieved within five days.

PMID- 6837044
TI  - [Meconium aspiration syndrome. 1. Perinatal problems; etiology and types].
AB  - Obstetric literature deals with meconium stained amniotic fluid (AF) in various
      ways when judging it as an indicator of fetal distress. This evidently reflects
      the difficulty of finding overt relations between measurable alterations in the
      condition of the fetus or of the newborn infant and the amount of meconium passed
      into the AF. Nor is the moment predictable by means of fetal monitoring when
      meconium is passed. Discussing these problems in the light of the consecutive
      course of events resulting finally in meconium aspiration some of the
      discrepancies can be explained without difficulty. Considering also the kinetics
      of formation and excretion of AF the distinction of 3 variants of meconium
      aspiration syndrome is possible: 1. late meconium aspiration syndrome in non
      asphyctic infants, 2. late meconium aspiration syndrome in asphyctic infants, 3.
      "connatal" meconium aspiration syndrome.

PMID- 6837045
TI  - [Meconium aspiration syndrome. 2. Pathophysiology, clinical aspects, therapy].
AB  - MAS can be divided into 2 stages, distinguishable with respect to morphology of
      the lungs, clinical symptoms and laboratory data. The reason for the
      vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vascular bed typical for stage 2 is not yet
      fully understood. It seems, however, plausible that meconium contains substances
      (enzymes?) which may trigger the release or the synthesis of vasoactive compounds
      during the process of an aseptic inflammation. Cleaning the upper respiratory
      tract of an infant with meconium in the amniotic fluid immediately after birth is
      the most effective step in the prevention of MAS. This measure has led to a
      dramatic decline in both morbitity and mortality of the disease. In rare
      instances rinsing of the trachea with saline can help to remove considerable
      amounts of meconium too thick and sticky to be removed by simple suction.

PMID- 6837046
TI  - [Nerve blocks].

PMID- 6837047
TI  - [Pathophysiology of pain].

PMID- 6837048
TI  - [Report of experiences with the oral cephalosporin-derivative cephaclor in
      respiratory tract infections].
AB  - The oral cephalosporin derivative Cefaclor was administered to 22 patients with
      respiratory tract infections at a daily dosage of 3 x 500 mg. The average
      duration of the Cefaclor therapy was 10 days. In all patients improvement of the
      clinical picture and of objective criteria, such as fever, cough and sputum was
      observed. It was not possible to objectivate side effects by laboratory
      parameters. Gastrointestinal disturbances and allergic symptoms were only present
      in individual cases but did not significantly influence the clinical efficacy of
      Cefaclor.

PMID- 6837050
TI  - Advances in the care of the multiple trauma patient.

PMID- 6837049
TI  - [Pain therapy, an interdisciplinary problem (analgesics)].

PMID- 6837051
TI  - Systemic antibacterial mechanisms in trauma.

PMID- 6837052
TI  - The injury severity score.

PMID- 6837053
TI  - The metabolic response to trauma and sepsis.

PMID- 6837054
TI  - Comprehensive regional trauma/emergency medical services (EMS) delivery systems:
      the United States experience.

PMID- 6837055
TI  - Prevention and management of infection in trauma.

PMID- 6837057
TI  - Progress in the care of the victim of multiple injuries.

PMID- 6837058
TI  - Progress in care and treatment of multiple trauma patients during the last twenty
      years.

PMID- 6837060
TI  - Is (almost) all cancer environmental?

PMID- 6837056
TI  - Progress in the treatment of polytrauma over the past twenty years.

PMID- 6837059
TI  - Our experience with the changes in the care of the multiple trauma patient over
      the past twenty years.

PMID- 6837061
TI  - The initial evaluation of the multiple trauma patient.

PMID- 6837062
TI  - Traumatic shock in polytrauma: circulatory parameters, biochemistry, and
      resuscitation.

PMID- 6837063
TI  - The pulmonary response to trauma and mechanical ventilation: its consequences on
      hemodynamic function.

PMID- 6837064
TI  - Trauma severity scoring to predict mortality.

PMID- 6837065
TI  - Brain injuries in polytrauma.

PMID- 6837066
TI  - Thoracic injury requiring surgery.

PMID- 6837067
TI  - Intra-abdominal injuries in polytrauma.

PMID- 6837068
TI  - Vascular injuries in polytrauma.

PMID- 6837069
TI  - Osteosynthesis of major fractures in polytrauma.

PMID- 6837070
TI  - Management of open fractures in the multiple trauma patient.

PMID- 6837071
TI  - Maxillofacial injuries in polytrauma.

PMID- 6837072
TI  - [How healthy is our population?].

PMID- 6837073
TI  - [Value and determination of cell-mediated immune reactions in neurologic
      diseases].

PMID- 6837074
TI  - [Practical thoracic surgery. 2. Drainage of the thorax region].

PMID- 6837075
TI  - [Determination of LDH isoenzymes in plasma for observation of patients with
      hemolytic syndrome].

PMID- 6837078
TI  - [Occupational diseases in Hungarian laboratories].

PMID- 6837076
TI  - [Case report of primary sarcoma of the stomach].

PMID- 6837077
TI  - [What is a liver spot?].

PMID- 6837079
TI  - [Modern rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip, jaw, palate and velum as
      interdisciplinary task].

PMID- 6837080
TI  - [Myocardial infarction in the young (under 40 years): coronary morphology, risk
      factors, long-term prognosis, and progression of coronary sclerosis].

PMID- 6837081
TI  - [Changes in the quality of life after coronary revascularization].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of quality of life after
      coronary revascularization. Out of 189 longterm survivors who underwent coronary
      revascularization between January 1979 and February 1980, 142 patients (134 men,
      8 women) aged 36 to 71 agreed to cooperate in this study and to answer our
      questions. The questionnaire included 38 questions related to anginal pain,
      capacity for physical activity, employment, and psychological state. The change
      in the quality of life was assessed from the sum of changes in the variables.
      There was a significant improvement of angina in 82.4%, 81% were free of symptoms
      or in NYHA class I. 69.2% of those questioned claimed increased capacity for
      physical activity, and depression improved in 55.3%. The subjective improvement
      did not completely correlate with return to work, only 50.4% were working again
      after the operation. There was a significant relationship between reemployment
      and the period of unemployment before operation, as well as with the kind of
      employment. Quality of life was improved in 80.3% of the patients, unchanged in
      10.5%, and poorer in 9.2%. From this study it may be concluded that coronary
      revascularization can improve the subjective feeling of well-being as well as
      physical symptoms.

PMID- 6837083
TI  - [Incidence and significance of angina pectoris in aortic valve disease].
AB  - To determine the incidence and significance of angina pectoris in aortic valve
      disease, clinical, haemodynamic, and angiographic data concerning 111 consecutive
      patients aged 27-68 years (mean 52) were retrospectively analysed. 14.4% (group
      A) had significant, 85.6% (group B) had no coronary heart disease. There was a
      significant difference between the groups regarding the incidence of typical
      angina pectoris (62.5% vs 31.6%, p less than 0.01) and freedom from chest pain
      (12.5% vs 32.6%, p less than 0.05). No difference, however, could be found
      concerning the incidence of atypical chest pain (25% vs 35.8%). Of 12 patients
      aged over 50 years with coronary artery disease, no patient was free of angina
      pectoris. 83% had typical, 17% had atypical angina pectoris. Of 4 patients below
      45 years with coronary artery disease, however, none had typical angina pectoris,
      2 patients had atypical angina, and 2 patients had none. These results
      demonstrate that typical angina pectoris in patients with aortic valve disease is
      not a specific indicator of concomitant significant coronary artery disease. On
      the other hand, absence of chest pain does not predict absence of coronary artery
      disease, especially in younger patients. We therefore suggest that coronary
      angiography be carried out in all adult patients in whom aortic valve surgery is
      being considered.

PMID- 6837082
TI  - [Influence of cold-stimuli on hemodynamics and coronary diameters. Provocation of
      coronary artery spasm].
AB  - In 32 patients with coronary heart disease the influence of different cold
      stimuli on hemodynamic parameters and coronary artery diameter was examined
      during left heart catheterization. The cold pressor test (CPT) and the cold air
      inhalation test (CAIT) were applied to 16 patients in random sequence. 16
      patients served as control group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased
      more under CPT (by 15 and 10 mm Hg respectively) than under CAIT (by 10 and 3 mm
      Hg). Heart rate and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure did not change.
      Proximal and distal coronary segment diameters showed a slight, not statistically
      significant increase under cold-stimuli. All 4 patients with a history of angina
      pectoris at rest developed coronary spasm, some with ischemic ECG changes; spasm
      and symptoms disappeared spontaneously when the cold-stimulus was withdrawn.
      Patients with a history of angina pectoris under cold conditions showed no
      pathological reactions. It is concluded that two different mechanisms may cause
      angina pectoris under cold-stimuli. First, the oxygen-consuming effect of an
      increase in blood pressure, and secondly, an immediate coronary vasospastic
      reaction. The combined use of CPT and CAIT seems to be an effective and safe
      means of identifying patients with a tendency to coronary artery spasms.

PMID- 6837085
TI  - [Effects of metoprolol on the peripheral circulation in patients with peripheral
      vascular disease].
AB  - Up to now betablockers were regarded as relatively contraindicated in patients
      with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The effects of metoprolol were studied in
      hypertensive patients (stage I, WHO) with PVD of pelvic and thigh type (stage II
      according to Fontaine). An initial dose of 100 mg metoprolol followed by 100 mg
      90 min after the first oral administration, twice a day was administered for 8
      weeks. Blood pressure decreased from 181/105 to 163/96 mm Hg. Pulse rate was
      lowered from 72 to 68/min (p less than 0.001). Estimated doppler pressure in the
      posterior tibial artery decreased from 123 to 119 mm Hg. Venous occlusion
      plethysmography showed a slight but not significant decrease at rest and during
      reactive hyperemia. During long-term treatment the pain-free walking distance
      increased significantly from 225 to 348 m. No side effects were seen. Thus,
      metoprolol as a beta 1-selective betablocker is not contraindicated in patients
      with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6837084
TI  - [Repetitive ventricular response and left ventricular wall motion in patients
      with coronary heart disease].
AB  - As the first results of a prospective study on the value of programmed
      ventricular stimulation, the incidence of repetitive ventricular response with 3
      or more consecutive beats (RVR3) in 136 patients (122 males, 14 females, age 51
      +/- 8 years) with coronary artery disease is reported. 38 patients (group A) had
      no evidence of previous myocardial infarction, 31 patients (group B) had
      myocardial infarction less than 3 months and 67 patients (group C) more than 3
      months before entry into the study. Programmed electrical stimulation included
      single (S2) and double (S2 S3) ventricular premature beats following ventricular
      drive at 3 cycle lengths (500, 600 and 430 msec) and was defined as positive
      (+PES) when RVR3 was induced. +PES was related to the extent and the degree of
      abnormal left ventricular wall motion, determined by left ventricular angiography
      (30 degrees RAO view) and quantified by a wall motion score. After single
      premature stimuli no RVR3 was observed in group A, but in 7% of group B and in
      19% of group C (p less than 0.01). After double premature stimuli RVR3 occurred
      in 17% of group A, 42% of group B and 34% of group C (p less than 0.1). All 3
      groups differed with respect to mean wall motion score and number of akinetic
      wall segments (p less than 0.001). Patients with positive (+PES) or negative (
      PES) results could not be separated when the extent of wall motion abnormalities
      (wall motion score, number of akinetic segments) was considered. However, a
      relation (p less than 0.01) to the degree of abnormal wall motion classified
      according to the presence of normokinesis, hypokinesis, akinesis or dyskinesis
      could be demonstrated for +PES after single but not after double premature
      stimuli.

PMID- 6837086
TI  - [Positive inotropic effects of doxaminol in congestive heart failure].
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of doxaminol, a new, orally applicable beta-agonist,
      chemically dissimilar to catecholamines, were studied in comparison to those of
      dobutamine by means of thermodilution. After single-dose application of doxaminol
      in cases of congestive heart failure, cardiac output and stroke volume increased,
      heart rate increased slightly, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure remained
      constant, and peripheral vascular resistance decreased. No arrhythmias appeared,
      but one patient suffered an attack of angina.

PMID- 6837087
TI  - [AV-block III as a primary manifestation of a metastasizing spindle cell sarcoma
      of the pericardium].

PMID- 6837088
TI  - [Diagnosis of rhabdomyoma of the heart in the newborn].

PMID- 6837089
TI  - [Biological perspectives in anthropology: thoughts on the so-called theory
      deficiency in biological anthropology in Germany].

PMID- 6837090
TI  - Multivariate statistics in physical anthropology: testing and interpretation.

PMID- 6837091
TI  - [Factor analysis investigation on typing of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
      Europe].

PMID- 6837092
TI  - The external relief of the naso-labial integument of Pan troglodytes, Pan
      paniscus and Gorilla gorilla (Primates, Hominoidea).

PMID- 6837093
TI  - Genetic studies of Pangwalas, Transhumant and Settled Gaddis. 3. Genetic
      differentiation processes.

PMID- 6837094
TI  - The population biology of Hymenolepis tenerrima (Linstow 1882) Fuhrmann 1906
      (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae) in its intermediate host Herpetocypris reptans
      (Ostracoda).
AB  - The occurrence of Hymenolepis tenerrima cysticercoids in a population of the
      intermediate host, Herpetocypris reptans is described for a one year period
      between October 1980 and September 1981. Parasite occurrence varied seasonally.
      The prevalence of infection decreased during the winter due to the death of
      infected hosts and low levels of transmission. Parasite transmission increased
      during the summer months and the maximum number of cysticercoid stages in the
      environment occurred in June. Juvenile ostracods were not infected and in adult
      ostracods a maximum of 3 cysticercoids/host was observed. The presence of H.
      tenerrima larval stages within the haemocoele had a marked influence upon the
      survival and fecundity of infected ostracod intermediate hosts.

PMID- 6837095
TI  - Visceral larva migrans: examinations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay of human sera for antibodies to excretory-secretory antigens of the second
      stage larvae of Toxocara canis.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of serum
      antibodies to visceral larva migrans (Toxocariasis). Excretory-secretory antigens
      of the second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis were used as antigen to coat the
      polystyrene plates. With sera from patients high antibody titers were observed in
      both ocular and visceral disorders. Cross-reactions due to other parasitic
      infections could be excluded, including other migrating larval infections such as
      ascariasis, trichinellosis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and anisakiasis. In a
      small seroepidemiologic survey of healthy primary schoolchildren, a remarkably
      high percentage (7.1) reacted positively to this method. These children showed
      eosinophilia as compared to the seronegative group. The data were compared with
      those observed in other countries and the results prompt reconsideration of the
      significance of T. canis for public health.

PMID- 6837097
TI  - Cultivation of infective forms of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei evansi in a continuous
      culture system.

PMID- 6837096
TI  - Leishmania immunoassay: IgE antibody to culture medium components.

PMID- 6837098
TI  - The fine structure of an early stage in the process of fertilization of Eimeria
      maxima (apicomplexa, eimeriina).

PMID- 6837099
TI  - First record of a reptile trypanosome isolated from Glossina pallidipes in Kenya.
AB  - Trypanosomes, isolated from the gut of a naturally infected Glossina pallidipes
      in Kiboko, Kenya, were grown in vitro. The cultured trypanosomes ("F4"-stock)
      showed a wide variety in morphological stages, not characteristic of the
      salivarian trypanosomes that are known to occur in the Kiboko area.
      Identification of the "F4"-stock was attempted by isoenzyme studies, infection of
      tsetse flies and of experimental animals. Electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of
      the "F4"-organisms were developed for ten soluble enzymes and compared with those
      of 5 reference stocks of salivarian trypanosomes and 2 stocks of Trypanosoma
      theileri. For the T. theileri comparisons six enzymes were used. It was found
      that the "F4"-trypanosome clearly differed from the 3 salivarian species and from
      T. theileri. Experimental infection of laboratory bred Glossina m. morsitans
      showed that the "F4"-organisms developed in the posterior station of the
      alimentary tract and the cultured trypanosomes were infective to non-indigenous
      reptiles. This is believed to be the first record of the isolation and the
      isoenzyme characterisation of a non-salivarian reptile trypanosome from a
      naturally infected tsetse fly of the morsitans group (subgenus Glossina) in a
      savannah area in Africa.

PMID- 6837101
TI  - The chetotaxy of the cercaria of Opisthioglyphe locellus Kossack 1910 (Trematoda,
      Plagiorchiidae).
AB  - The distribution of the tegumentary papillae (chetotaxy) was studied for the
      cercaria of Opisthioglyphe locellus. The cercariae, which emerge from the
      freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus L., were treated according to the method of
      Ginecinskaja and Dobrovol'skij (1963). The papillae were demonstrated after the
      nomenclature of Richard (1971). The results were identical for cercariae from
      naturally infected Planorbarius corneus from a pond near Ulm (Germany) and
      experimentally infected, laboratory-reared snails of the same species. The
      papillae were distributed symmetrically with few individual variations. The
      association of the trematode with the subfamily Opisthioglyphinae is corroborated
      by the chetotaxy of the cercaria. This method also allows the distinction of the
      cercaria from the most related species. The fact that the excretory system of the
      cercaria of Opisthioglyphe locellus shows common characteristics with other
      cercariae of the Opisthioglyphinae (Bock 1982), just like the chetotaxy,
      emphasizes the taxonomic importance of both criteria.

PMID- 6837100
TI  - Excystation of Isospora suis Biester, 1934 of swine.
AB  - The in vitro excystation of sporozoites of Isospora suis Biester 1934 is
      described. Sporocysts of I. suis lack a Stieda body. Upon incubation in 0.75%
      sodium taurocholate or in 0.25% trypsin + 0.75% sodium taurocholate excystation
      solutions, sporozoites were released by separation of the sporocyst wall into
      four plates. Occasionally, the sporocyst wall did not separate completely but
      opened partially and released the sporozoite. At the time of excystation,
      sporozoites were short and broad but became elongated after 5 to 10 min in the
      excystation fluids. Elongate sporozoites measuring 11.7 x 3.8 micrometers, had a
      pointed anterior end and a nucleus located in the posterior half of the cell.
      Living sporozoites exhibited gliding movements, side-to-side flexion, and probed
      with their anterior ends. Incubation in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite removed the
      oocyst walls from most oocysts. Sporozoites did not excyst from sporocysts that
      were released during treatment with sodium hypochlorite.

PMID- 6837102
TI  - The relationship between tegumental disruption and muscle contraction in
      Schistosoma mansoni exposed to various compounds.
AB  - The antischistosomal drugs praziquantel and Ro 11-3128, which cause a tetanic
      contraction of Schistosoma musculature, concurrently produce a disruption of the
      parasite's tegument. Both phenomena are attenuated by preincubation of the
      parasites in high Mg2+ containing media before addition of the drugs, and the
      therapeutically inactive stereoisomers of these drugs cause neither effect. Other
      antischistosomal drugs tested cause neither muscle contraction nor tegumental
      disruption. Some unrelated agents which cause muscle contraction (but have no
      antischistosomal effect) alter the parasite's tegument, while others do not.
      Cytochalasin B, but not colchicine, causes tegumental disruption without
      affecting muscle tension. Thus, there is no simple correlation between a drug's
      antischistosomal activity or ability to contract the parasite's muscle and its
      ability to damage the parasite's tegument.

PMID- 6837103
TI  - [What does preventive medicine accomplish?].

PMID- 6837104
TI  - [Preventive therapy in chronic heart insufficiency and the value of diuretics].

PMID- 6837105
TI  - [Prevention of arthrosis].

PMID- 6837107
TI  - [Preventive use of antibiotics in traumatology].

PMID- 6837106
TI  - [Prevention of tuberculosis by BCG vaccination and tuberculin testing].

PMID- 6837108
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the pathologic blood picture. Normochromic anemias].

PMID- 6837109
TI  - [Emergencies in general medicine. Myxedematous coma, hypothyroid coma].

PMID- 6837110
TI  - [Single-dose treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis with tinidazole (Simplotan).
      Pharmacodynamics - pharmacokinetics - clinical aspects].

PMID- 6837111
TI  - [Facial neuralgias. Surgical treatment].

PMID- 6837112
TI  - [The acute spinal cord].

PMID- 6837114
TI  - [Sellar and parasellar tumors].

PMID- 6837113
TI  - [The diencephalon syndrome].

PMID- 6837115
TI  - [Mesenteric embolism. Diagnosis, therapy and results].

PMID- 6837117
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the pathologic blood picture (5). Pancytopenia and
      bone marrow aplasia].

PMID- 6837119
TI  - [What is your diagnosis?].

PMID- 6837118
TI  - [Emergencies in general medicine (46). Pseudocroup and epiglottitis].

PMID- 6837116
TI  - [Gastroenterology (1). Blood in the stool].

PMID- 6837120
TI  - [Intraocular pressure after taking brotizolam].

PMID- 6837122
TI  - [So-called cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery. Light and
      electron-optical study of 2 cases].

PMID- 6837121
TI  - [Difficulties and questions in relation to digitalis].

PMID- 6837123
TI  - Ankle pressure changes during reactive hyperemia in peripheral arterial disease.

PMID- 6837124
TI  - LCAT activity in patients with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 6837125
TI  - [Modified phlebography in varicose veins. A preliminary report on the effects of
      bandages and dihydroergotamine].

PMID- 6837126
TI  - Evaluation of the fluorescein test in the diagnosis of incompetent perforating
      veins.

PMID- 6837128
TI  - [Surgical correction of kinks in the vertebral artery].

PMID- 6837127
TI  - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension: early and late results].

PMID- 6837129
TI  - [Effects of propranolol and metoprolol on peripheral circulation in intermittent
      claudication].

PMID- 6837131
TI  - [Unusual complications after the Palma operation and arteriovenous fistula in
      unilateral deep pelvic vein thrombosis].

PMID- 6837130
TI  - [Ergotism--a serious complication in the chemical prevention of thromboembolism
      with heparin-DHE].

PMID- 6837132
TI  - [Arteriovenous aneurysm of the renal artery].

PMID- 6837133
TI  - External iliac artery dissection due to fibromuscular dysplasia.

PMID- 6837134
TI  - [Technic of "catheter lysis"].

PMID- 6837135
TI  - [Biological activity of cyclic analogs of linear peptides].

PMID- 6837136
TI  - [Achievements and prospects of the development of research in the field of
      prostaglandins].

PMID- 6837137
TI  - [Mechanism of the microcirculatory disorders in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6837138
TI  - [Aspects of acetylation in diabetes mellitus patients].

PMID- 6837139
TI  - [Basic trends in the therapy of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 6837140
TI  - [Role of iodothyronine metabolism in the regulation of body thyroid status].

PMID- 6837141
TI  - [Hormonal regulation of secretory and proliferative processes in a cell culture
      of adenohypophysis].

PMID- 6837142
TI  - [Interaction of systems generating spindles and delta waves as a possible
      mechanism for the development of slow-wave sleep].
AB  - Certain correlations between spindling and delta-activity during slow-wave sleep
      (SWS) development have been studied in experiments on man and animals.
      Interaction between systems of delta-activity and spindling generation is
      discussed as a possible mechanism underlying development of SWS. Amplitude
      modulated stimulation of non-specific thalamic structures has been shown to
      influence this interaction and development of sleep processes.

PMID- 6837143
TI  - [Effect of nonspecific thalamic nuclei on individual ensemble-forming loci in the
      visual cortex].
AB  - Electric stimulation of guinea pigs' medial thalamic nuclei (MT) creates in the
      area 17 of the visual cortex functional groups of excited neurones, located
      within the same structural columns as ensembles of neurones excited by flashes of
      diffuse light. Together with analogous effects of the MBRF stimulation, such
      results indicate a convergence of different non-specific influences on separate
      columns of the visual cortex. MT exert their initial and mainly activating
      influences on the lower, efferent layers, while MBRF, according to literary data,
      activates afferent, middle layers of the cortex. This points to the existence in
      the visual cortex of separate non-specific regulation of the input on the part of
      the reticular formation and of the output on the part of MT.

PMID- 6837145
TI  - [Stage of "decision making" in the systems organization of a goal-directed
      behavioral act].

PMID- 6837144
TI  - [Effect of lesions of the medial and lateral portions of the amygdala on motor
      activity in rats].
AB  - In four groups of rats: with medial amygdala lesions, AMe, sham operated medial,
      AMe-C, with lateral amygdala lesions, LA, and sham operated lateral, LA-C,--motor
      activity was tested in small electro-magnetic cages before and after ablations.
      The obtained data showed an increase of motor activity only in AMe rats. Possible
      functional differentiation of modulatory mechanisms of the amygdala is discussed.

PMID- 6837146
TI  - [Activity of hippocampal neurons deprived of ascending brain stem connections].
AB  - 97 units of the hippocampal fields CA3 and CA1 were recorded extracellularly in
      chronic unanaesthetized rabbits after complete basal undercutting of the septum.
      In activity of about one third of the units slow rhythmic bursts (3,3-4,5 Hz)
      were present. Low frequency theta-like rhythm was present in EEG of the
      hippocampus. Reactivity to sensory stimuli was unusually low (46-47% of reactive
      units). Specific and phasic effects of stimuli, typical of the normal field CA1,
      were observed in both fields. The majority of the reactive neurons respond to
      sensory stimuli by prolonged shift of the mean frequency of discharges, by
      regularization of the rhythmic component, or by gradual increase of diffuse
      activation. Effects of suppression of activity by sensory stimuli were very rare.
      The data are discussed in the light of presumed difference of reinnervation by
      axonal sprouting in conditions of basal undercutting of the septum and complete
      septo-hippocampal disconnection.

PMID- 6837147
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in the
      rabbit].
AB  - Application of serotonin on the rabbit cerebral cortex produced prolonged
      (minutes) periodical oscillations of the activation level and the level of
      spatial synchronization of neocortical biopotentials. Periodical changes of
      biopotentials correlation were due above all to a significant reorganization of
      phasic correlation of the EEG theta-components of remote neocortex points. The
      changes may be explained by the appearance, due to serotonin, of slow
      oscillations of the excitation level of the cortical neurones, as a systemic
      transitional reaction to the change in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory
      processes. The ability of serotonin to influence phasic relationships of the
      distantly-synchronous cortical theta-rhythm is of considerable significance for
      conditioned activity.

PMID- 6837148
TI  - [Inversion of the "right ear effect" during memorization of signal information
      during the process of adaptation].

PMID- 6837150
TI  - [Intra-analyzer organization of cortical neurons during conditioned reflex
      switching].

PMID- 6837149
TI  - [Opposite changes in the integrating activity of the brain after treatment with
      piracetam and etimizol].

PMID- 6837152
TI  - [Adaptive digital EEG filtration].

PMID- 6837153
TI  - [Registration of neuronal activity from various brain structures using movable
      implanted microelectrodes].

PMID- 6837151
TI  - [Effect of piracetam and gamma-aminobutyric acid on defensive conditioned
      reflexes in Xenopus laevis].

PMID- 6837154
TI  - [Motor conditioned reflexes after lesioning the hippocampus and fornix in the
      cat].
AB  - The paper outlines the results of experimental investigation of the role of the
      hippocampus and fornix in the organization of internal inhibition in animals
      (cats). Internal inhibition is regarded as a mechanism which provides for the
      formation and manifestation of such previously identified functions of the
      hippocampus, as comparison and narrowing of the scanning area in the memory.

PMID- 6837155
TI  - [Status of processes of internal inhibition in the rat during a flight aboard the
      biosatellite "Cosmos-1129"].
AB  - Changes of conditioned reflexes were analyzed in albino rats during their 18.5
      days on board the "Cosmos-1129" bio-satellite. With total lowering of the level
      of conditioned activity, the most affected proved to be reactions linked with
      internal inhibition; differentions were disinhibited, the number of intersignal
      reactions significantly exceeded control values. During the experiment
      photoperiodic desynchronosis took place, the nature of which also testified to
      high sensitivity of the inhibitory processes to the action of cosmic flight
      factors.

PMID- 6837156
TI  - [Research on higher nervous activity in modern neurophysiology (on the 80th
      anniversary of the theory of conditioned reflexes)].

PMID- 6837158
TI  - [Participation of subcortical formations in regulating motor asymmetry in the cat
      during elaboration of an instrumental active defensive reflex].
AB  - Parameters of motor asymmetry and the process of learning were studied in cats
      during elaboration of an active defensive reflex, following unilateral
      coagulation of various subcortical formations, predominantly of the
      extrapyramidal system. The changes of these parameters developed after the
      coagulation independently of each other. Lesion of the globus pallidus was
      attended, as a rule, with non-reversible changes of motor asymmetry and slight
      changes of the learning parameter. Destruction of the putamen and claustrum
      produced temporary disturbances of lateralization and learning processes. At
      early stages of the instrumental habit elaboration, the destruction of pathways
      passing in the internal capsule from different cortical structures to formations
      of the extrapyramidal system, brings about changes in the parameters of motor
      asymmetry and the learning process; at final stages--a similar lesion does not
      affect either parameter.

PMID- 6837159
TI  - [Role of the frontal cortex--caudate nucleus system in implementing the function
      of generalization].
AB  - A comparative analysis of functional contribution of the caudate nucleus and
      frontal cortex to the cats behaviour was carried out by means of their
      neurosurgical elimination. It was shown on the model of alternative choice that
      the morpho-functional caudate frontal link is critically necessary for the
      mechanisms of comparison, singling out and generalization of essential
      characteristics in the integrative brain activity based on the euristic principle
      of empiric regularity search. The caudate nucleus ensures the formation of the
      simpliest analogues of pre-verbal notions, while the frontal cortex is
      responsible for the machanisms of elementary abstractions, necessary for objects
      classification processes.

PMID- 6837157
TI  - [Role of the stria terminalis in the formation of passive-defensive behavior in
      the rat].
AB  - The formation of conditioned passive avoidance reaction (CAR) to a single pain
      reinforcement was studied in rats following electrolytic dissection of the stria
      terminalis (ST). Total ST dissection did not affect spontaneous motor activity
      and vegetative manifestations, though it deprived the animals of the ability to
      choose an adequate motor response when reproducing CAR. Hence, the ST integrity
      is essential for the formation of the motor component of the conditioned
      reaction. Separate dissection of the pre- and postcommissural ST components has
      shown that determining in the CAR formation is the integrity of the
      postcommissural component which contains fibres afferent for the amygdaloid
      complex. Dissection of the precommissural component consisting exclusively of
      efferent fibres did not affect CAR manifestation. The stria terminalis is
      probably an afferent activating way for the amygdaloid complex which achieves
      modulation of defensive conditioned behaviour.

PMID- 6837160
TI  - [Effect of stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus on differentiation of
      acoustic signals in a defensive situation in the dog].
AB  - In chronic experiments with a model of instrumental defensive reflexes, the
      influence of preliminary low-frequency stimulation of n. caudatus head on
      differentiation of acoustic signals was studied in six dogs. By their motor
      behaviour the animals were conditionally divided into two groups: excitable and
      quiet dogs. In these two groups principally similar results were obtained. It was
      shown that in defensive situation, the caudate nucleus head stimulation does not
      change (or slightly changes) the formed type of reactions to both defensive and
      differentiation signals. Striate inhibitory effects revealed in experiments
      (mainly in quiet dogs) are probably connected with the intensification of
      mechanisms of selective attention to significant stimuli. The motor reaction of
      the animals to a "finer" differentiation signal appeared to approach the
      responses to "rougher" differentional stimuli.

PMID- 6837161
TI  - [Analysis of the free behavior of an animal based on its probabilistic
      characteristics].
AB  - It is shown that the process of rat behaviour in probabilistic media ("open
      field" test) corresponds to the basic conditions which determine the concept of
      the Markov continuous chain. To characterize the degree of orderliness (non
      orderliness) of the integrated behavioural activity, the parameter of the Markov
      process entropy may be used. Dependence has been found between the level of
      behaviour entropy and individual characteristics of the organization of orienting
      investigating activity of rats in the "open field" test.

PMID- 6837163
TI  - [Role of higher divisions of the auditory system in localizing a moving sound
      source].
AB  - Impairment of the ability to localize a moving acoustic image was studied in
      animal (dogs) following experimental ablation of the auditory cortical areas, and
      in patients following unilateral electro-shock seizures and focal injuries of the
      temporal cortex. Unilateral ablation of AI, AII and Ep areas in animals produces
      a disturbance in differentiation of parameters of a moving acoustic image, while
      a bilateral ablation results in disappearance of the ability to localize the
      image. After left-side electro-shock seizures in the patients, localization of
      movement of the acoustic image did not differ from the normal, while after right
      side seizures, the trajectory of the image movement was sharply shortened and
      shifted to the right. In the case of a focal injury of the patient's left
      hemisphere, localization changes were of a diffuse nature (shortened trajectory
      of movement both on the right and left side). In the case of a right-side focus,
      the trajectory of the movement of the acoustic image on the side of the lesion
      did not differ from the normal, while on the opposite side it was sharply
      shortened and shifted towards the mid-line of the head. The conclusion has been
      made that there is a specialization in the human right hemisphere in achieving
      spatial hearing, while it is absent in animals.

PMID- 6837162
TI  - [Relation between the effects of the memory neuromodulator arginine-vasopressin
      and the levels of activity of the serotonin-, dopamine- and noradrenergic systems
      of the brain].
AB  - The effect of vasopressin on learning, habituation and habit recovery in rat
      before and after electrolytic ablation of locus coeruleus, nuclei dorsalis et
      medialis raphe and pars compacta substantiae nigrae was studied by behavioural
      methods. The rats were learned with positive reinforcement in a T-shaped maze and
      with negative reinforcement in a U-shaped maze. It was found that improvement of
      trace consolidation and acceleration of learning were in many cases dependent on
      the activity level of the dophaminergic, noradrenergic and to a lesser degree on
      that of serotoninergic brain systems.

PMID- 6837164
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the background activity of adjacent neurons in
      microsegments of the visual cortex of wakeful cats].
AB  - By the shape of autocorrelation histograms six types of background activity have
      been defined in neurones of the field 18 of the visual cortex in non
      anaesthetized non-immobilized cats. In the spike activity of neurones recorded
      with a high amplitude of action potentials, burst discharges and periods of
      activity inhibition were observed more often than in neurones recorded with a
      small amplitude. It is suggested that similarity of spike activity of
      neighbouring neurones observed in cortical microareas is due to similarity of
      afferent flows to these neurones.

PMID- 6837165
TI  - [Cesium-137 and strontium-90 from nuclear weapon fallout using tobacco as an
      example].
AB  - 42 to 75 pCi cesium-137 and 702 to 903 pCi strontium-90 per kg were found in
      samples of tobacco of German origin and from commercial cigarette. The presence
      of these radionuclides in tobacco is attributed to the fallout from nuclear
      explosions. Taking into consideration mean transfer rates of the radionuclides in
      the main stream smoke condensate and average consumption of cigarettes, whole
      body radiation doses for inhalation have been calculated to be in the range 10(
      3) to 10(-4) mrem/year and per person. This means, they are in the same order of
      magnitude as radiation doses by inhalation of ambient air. They are smaller by a
      factor of 10(-4) than the radiation exposure due to ingestion of these
      radionuclides from the total diet.

PMID- 6837167
TI  - [Perdormal kinetics].

PMID- 6837166
TI  - Preliminary investigation on the balance of lead and cadmium content in milk and
      its by-products.
AB  - Many studies have recently been devoted to the determination of lead and cadmium
      in milk, in view of the toxicity of these metals and the importance of milk in
      the diet of infants and children. Enrichment of lead and cadmium in fatty dairy
      products has been sometimes noted. A systematic study on milk and its primary
      products (skimmed milk, cream and cheese) obtained from the same batch of milk is
      considered in order to define a tentative balance of these two metals. Lead and
      cadmium were determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with graphite
      furnace on a solution of the ashed sample. As a consequence of the appreciable
      interference due to the matrix effects, the method of standard additions was
      adopted to determine the metals in few samples with a statistically acceptable
      degree of accuracy and precision. The range of the lead and cadmium content found
      in these products is comparable with recent literature data concerning
      uncontaminated samples.

PMID- 6837168
TI  - [Congestion in the area of the head and changes in the brain caused by suicidal
      hanging death].
AB  - In a prospective study of 204 unselected cases of suicidal hanging congestion
      bleedings of different degrees were found in 51%. In typical symmetrical hanging
      (n = 38) they occurred in 42% of cases, in atypical suspension (n = 152) in 53%.
      The difference had no statistical significance. Statistically, no connection
      could be secured between the outer congestion bleedings including those within
      the neck soft tissue on the one hand, and the form of hanging, the kind of loop
      or the breadth of the strangulation tool on the other. Only a slight dependence
      on the blood alcohol content was established. The brain weight of the hanged
      cases was higher in all age groups than in a clinical autopsy collective.
      Likewise, it showed statistically no relation to the degree of the outer
      congestion signs. In 36 cases the brain was histologically investigated. In 78%
      of cases hyperemia was found, concerning predominantly the supply tract of
      venules, but also the capillary part. It existed both in typical and in atypical
      hanging. Independent of outer congestion signs and of cerebral hyperemia, small
      bleedings into the cerebral perivascular space could be observed in 50% of cases.
      The increase in brain weight in association with histological signs of edema in
      hanging was put down to a definite terminal-postmortal brain swelling, as it is
      known in all forms of peracute death. There is no connection with the type of
      suspension and the existence or non-existence of congestion signs. Also in
      atypical forms of hanging no reference to a cerebral residual perfusion is given.

PMID- 6837169
TI  - [Lung histology in experimental drowning].
AB  - Experiments were carried out on anesthetized rats which had to aspirate actively
      watery fluids of different osmolarities (range: freshwater--2.9% NaCl solution)
      by a tracheotomy tube. The cytologic and histological alterations which are to be
      found are mainly of osmotic origin. In aspiration of hypotonic solutions
      macroscopy shows the well-known emphysema aquosum. Corresponding to the structure
      of the respiratory system, the histological alterations show areolar limitations.
      The influx of fluids causes a wide range of reactions from the development of an
      alveolar-interstitial edema in combination with intracellular and intercellular
      vesiculation, karyolysis with swollen homogenized nuclei of the subendothelial,
      septal, and epithelial cells to a necrosis of all the cellular elements. A
      pronounced microangiopathy with edema of the vascular walls, a hydrops of the
      myocytes containing large vacuoles and perivascular edema with dilated lymphatic
      channels are likewise to be found. The alveolar macrophages are considerably
      increased. Sporadic ruptures of the alveolar walls and microhemorrhages occur. In
      salt water drowning alterations of the shape of both the erythrocytes (thorn
      apple form) and the alveolar epithelium in combination with a striking of the
      pneumocytes and villous transformation prevail. Besides, these are capillary
      hyperemia and sludge. In a careful specimen analysis a differentiation of the
      findings between vital reactions and postmortem fluid impact is possible.

PMID- 6837173
TI  - [Contribution of the therapeutic community to inpatient psychotherapy].

PMID- 6837172
TI  - [Inpatient preliminary examination. A model for the improvement of clinical
      psychotherapy].
AB  - Hospitalization of patients for four days in order to carry out a
      psychodiagnostic examination is a model which, so far, has not been practised
      anywhere else in Germany. Experience in the Wittgenstein hospital during more
      than six years has shown that such a preliminary examination is able to achieve
      more than solving the problem of a possible indication for inpatient
      psychotherapy. The four-day sojourn in the hospital allows, moreover, a
      motivation of the patient, who often enough is rather ill prepared, toward future
      treatment, causing discontinuation of treatment to be rare. Additionally, the
      preliminary examination bridges the gap of the waiting period of several month
      which is common with psychotherapeutic institutions nowadays before inpatient
      treatment can begin, and therefore acts therapeutically in the sense that by
      means of the diagnosis the patients attention is already focussed upon the
      psychic origin of his complaint. By the drawing-up of an appropriate therapeutic
      plan at the end of the preliminary examination and by his assignment to a
      suitable ward the patient is supplied with a comprehensible directive with regard
      to his future therapy, and he is able to on the spot acquaint himself with the
      staff and with the premises of the institution.

PMID- 6837170
TI  - [An indirect brain stem injury caused by a bone splinter of the petrous portion
      of the temporal bone].

PMID- 6837174
TI  - [Family psychotherapy in clinical psychotherapy of adults].
AB  - Family therapy and psychoanalytical individual therapy are compatible. In family
      therapy, attention is directed at the system "family", in individual therapy,
      attention is directed at the system "individual". The views of system-theory
      versus individual-psychogenetical theory are related to one another analogous to
      general theory versus special theory (Ciompi). Indications for family therapy in
      inpatient clinics are: 1. The in-patient is overstressed by his unchanged family.
      2. The family is overstressed by the changed patient. In this paper,
      therapeutical procedures in practising family therapy in an in-patient clinic for
      psychotherapy are described, the theoretical basis is discussed. Two case
      histories serve to illustrate the main points.

PMID- 6837171
TI  - [The interactional principle in individual and group psychotherapy].
AB  - We have shown that while on the one hand interactional psychotherapy is based on
      the nosology of psychoanalysis, in the realization of its methods and techniques
      it is nevertheless clearly distinguished from the standard approach of
      psychoanalysis. We developed this specific therapeutic procedure to meet the
      needs of patients with ego-pathological phenomena, more and more of whom are now
      turning to the analytic psychotherapist and in whom psychoanalysts are also
      showing a more and more intensive interest. This is demonstrated by the work of
      Kernberg (1978), Kohut (1971) and Blanck and Blanck (1978), as well as that of
      Furstenau (1977) and Konig (1975) in the German-speaking world. We perceive the
      interactional psychotherapy that we have proposed (Heigl-Evers and Heigl, 1973
      and 1979) as a therapy for ego-pathogenic phenomena. It is indicated in the case
      of patients with this type of disorder in a certain phase, usually the initial
      one. If a patient succeeds, with the help of this treatment, in developing an ego
      state roughly equivalent to what Freud referred in 1937 as the normal ego and
      which he considered to be a prerequisite for psychoanalytic therapy, then it
      should be possible to treat the conflict pathology which is also usually present
      in such patients, using the classical repertoire of psychoanalysis according to
      the principle of interpretation.

PMID- 6837176
TI  - [Personality of patients with dermatologic artefacts].
AB  - 35 female patients with dermatological artefacts being treated in the University
      Skin Clinic Basel have been investigated by a dermatologist, a psychiatrist, and
      a psychologist. The testpsychological examination with the Color Pyramid Test and
      the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test yielded a striking uniform picture: The
      patients showed strong intrapsychic tension, severe depressivity, inhibition of
      aggression, affective inhibition, low frustration tolerance, weak ego-integration
      (with tendencies to break outs of impulses) and autoaggressive tendencies. These
      results point to a depressive and schizoid-narcissistic personality-structure.
      The manipulations at the skin have different functions: by causing pain to
      themselves the patients try to feel their body-boundaries and to avoid
      fragmentations in the body-self; on the tactile level emotional experiences of
      early childhood should be (re)-activated; the artefact should draw the attention
      of the surroundings to the emotional suffering of the patient. Concerning
      therapy, it is important that the doctor to whom the patients come first is ready
      to offer therapeutic talks. In these discussions the situation in which the
      artefact was done, with its psychodynamic background, should be explored and the
      therapist should help the patient to find other ways than artefacts to articulate
      his needs.

PMID- 6837175
TI  - [Follow-up of patients of the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic
      Medicine of the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Munich. Attempt at an
      evaluation of the effect of psychotherapeutic counseling].
AB  - In order to find out the patients reaction to psychotherapeutic counselling and
      to see if a psychotherapy suggested by the counselling therapist was accepted by
      the patients, a questionnaire survey was made. 71.3% of the questionnaires were
      answered. Half of the patients had followed the advice and began a psychotherapy.
      The subjective reaction to counseling was equally positive, rather positive and
      negative. These results are often found in psychotherapeutic follow-up studies.
      In accordance with literature it was also found that neurotic patients in
      contrast to those with mainly psychosomatic and psychovegetative complaints,
      younger and middle class patients, women as well as patients coming spontaneously
      were more likely to undergo psychotherapeutic treatment than their comparison
      groups. Further it was found: Men were more often advised to begin a behaviour
      therapy, women to undergo psychoanalysis. Patients who had been treated in the
      University Psychiatric Hospital were more likely to follow the advice given by
      the counselling therapist than those patients being sent by other hospitals or
      general practitioners. If the counselling therapist provided a possibility where
      his client could begin with psychotherapy immediately, the client was more likely
      to undergo therapy than if he had to arrange for psychotherapeutic treatment
      mainly by himself.

PMID- 6837177
TI  - [Logic of delusional person misidentification. "Mental illness" as disorder of
      subjective time].
AB  - The two types of delusional misinterpretation of persons described by Pauleikhoff
      (1954) are here examined under the hypothesis that the so-called mental illnesses
      are disruptions of the subjective conceptions of time. It is assumed that
      concrete subjective time normally develops from the dialectic relationship
      between predictive-emanative and retrospective-evolutive time structures. The
      delusional misinterpretation of an unknown person as a familiar person arises
      from the exclusively emanative interpretation of the perception of another
      individual (who is developing evolutively). In the delusional misinterpretation
      of a known person as an unknown person, on the other hand, other persons cannot
      be perceived as independent subjects developing evolutively. In addition the sick
      person produces a purely emanative interpretation by experiencing the person
      perceived as his own physical area of reality. Such considerations, especially
      when applied to endogenous psychoses, open new avenues for the study of
      subjective time-pathologies.

PMID- 6837178
TI  - [Paraplegic patients in the medical rehabilitation center. Analytic review of
      patients of a rehabilitation center].

PMID- 6837180
TI  - [Diagnosis of soft tissue injuries of the wrist].

PMID- 6837179
TI  - [Internal physiologic pressure of the knee joint].
AB  - The internal pressure of the knee joint was read in 50 volunteers. The pressure
      is dependent on position and load whereas rotation has no influence on the
      intraarticular pressure of the joint. Under load and flexion of 90 degrees and
      more the pressure readings increase considerably. Lasting pressure has a damaging
      effect on the cartilage of the joint.

PMID- 6837181
TI  - [Posttraumatic intracranial vascular occlusion].

PMID- 6837182
TI  - [Intertrochanteric varusization osteotomy without wedge removal].

PMID- 6837184
TI  - [The delivery of Siamese Twins. A case report].

PMID- 6837183
TI  - [Intramedullary nailing of the tibia].

PMID- 6837185
TI  - [Multiphasic screening in a large industrial city. 2].
AB  - By the programme for detection of patients suffering from hypertension as
      appendage to the electronic data processing project "early detection of carcinoma
      of cervix uteri" in 54,020 examinations 10,469 women with hypertension were
      discovered and sent to competent specialists for continued observation and
      treatment. The portion of unknown hypertensions was 58.3%. In the examined female
      population of Karl-Marx-Stadt aged 20 to 65 years the prevalence of hypertension
      was 19.4% and corresponded to the results of national and international studies. 
      16,714 women in the mainly fertile age were on hormonal contraceptives. The
      blood pressure of these women and of a comparable group without hormonal
      treatment was examined, the results were discussed. The histories did not allow
      to make conclusions for a certain disposition caused by the diagnosed
      hypertension. Moreover, our dates could not answer, if and which ranges the blood
      pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) increased in particular case.

PMID- 6837186
TI  - [Delivery outside the hospital. An 11-year analysis of births at a regional
      hospital].
AB  - Between January 1st, 1970 and December 31st, 1980 17,731 women of the area of the
      gynaecological hospital of Brandenburg/Havel have been delivered, of it 146 (0.8
      per cent) out of clinic. The portion of multi- and pluriparae was nearly 80 per
      cent. It was looked for risk factors by social and gynaecological history. It
      seems to be, that the acceleration of parturition combined with a longer time of
      transport of the hospital is the most important cause for birth out of the
      clinic. The perinatal mortality is affected with the higher rate of premature
      deliveries combined with hypothermy of newborn. The rate of deliveries out of
      clinic can be reduced by induction of labour at term.

PMID- 6837187
TI  - [Receptor surface of Corti's organ in guinea pig embryos].
AB  - Using scanning electron microscope, studies have been made of the structure of
      the receptive surface of the organ of Corti in 48- and 57-day old embryos of the
      guinea pig. It was found that some structural modifications take place in this
      period: the size and the number of microvilli in the supporting cells decrease,
      the width of the organ of Corti increases, the number of ball-like cytoplasmic
      protrusions from the cellular surface decreases, the number of kinocilia in the
      receptor cells is reduced. These processes are associated presumably with the
      development of Nuel's space, Corti's tunnel, the origin of flexible connection
      between the tectorial membrane and the receptive surface, as well as with
      maturation of the ionic composition of the inner ear fluid.

PMID- 6837190
TI  - [Medical faculty of Vilnius University on the threshold of its 3d centenary].

PMID- 6837188
TI  - [Histochemical study of the cholinesterases of the human cerebral hemispheres in
      early ontogeny].
AB  - Histochemical studies have been made on acetylcholinesterase and
      butyrylcholinesterase of human isocortex in early ontogenesis. The data obtained
      confirm the earlier findings concerning the predominant localization of
      acetylcholinesterase in the intermediate layer of the isocortex. Significant
      increase in the enzymic activities was observed approximately to the 10-11th
      weeks of embryogenesis. Significant differences were found in the localization of
      the cholinesterases in the isocortex itself and in the nuclei of the
      striopallidal system, i.e. the nearest subcortical formations which presumably
      account for the main cholinergic afferentation to the cortex. The data obtained
      are discussed in relation to evolutionary trends in the development of the brain.

PMID- 6837189
TI  - [Quantitative histoenzymatic analysis of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system
      in rat ontogeny].
AB  - In experiments on 6 and 16 days old rats cytophotometric studies have been made
      of histochemical reactions for succinate, lactate and glutamate dehydrogenases,
      alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the
      supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the posterior
      hypophysis. It was found that heterochronous development of the neurones in the
      supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, as well as the development of their axons
      in the posterior hypothalamus depend on the rate of maturation of the enzymic
      systems in postnatal life. In consolidation of the unique structure of the
      hypothalamic neurosecretory system, the key role is played by afferent
      influences, succinic dehydrogenase being involved into their realization. The
      data obtained indicate the importance of heterochronous development of the
      enzymic activities in the formation of bifunctional properties of neurosecretory
      hypothalamic neurones and reveal the primary development of neurotransmittery
      function as compared to the excretory one.

PMID- 6837192
TI  - [Combined action of supraoptimal temperature and nitrofurans on various aspects
      of carbohydrate metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 6837191
TI  - [Is there toxoplasmosis in Mongolia?].

PMID- 6837193
TI  - [Allomonads--a new group of microorganisms of the family Vibrionaceae. V.
      Taxonomic position of the allomonads based on a study of their DNA].
AB  - The DNA of Allomonas, a new group of microorganisms, has been studied to
      determine the taxonomic status of this group. In the nucleotide composition of
      the DNA of a typical representative of this group 57.4 mol % G + C have been
      revealed, which permits to sharply differentiate Allomonas from vibrios and
      Plesiomonas. A relatively low level of similarity between the DNA of Allomonas
      and that of other representatives of the family Vibrionaceae has been determined
      by the method of molecular DNA hybridization (6-18% of homologies), this level
      being approximately the same in vibrios, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas. These data
      indicate the necessity of regarding Allomonas as a separate genus of the family
      Vibrionaceae.

PMID- 6837194
TI  - [Classification and biological characteristics of coagulase-positive
      Staphylococci isolated from animals].
AB  - A total of 165 coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains of different origin (142
      S. aureus strains and 23 S. intermedius strains) were subjected to biological
      typing in accordance with the schemes of Hajek-Marsalek and Meyer-Witte. The
      former of these schemes permitted to identify 68% and the latter 18% of S. aureus
      strains. The cultures isolated from swine and chickens had the most uniform
      composition: 85-86% of the strains belonged to biotype B. 44% of the strains
      isolated from cows and sheep belonged to biotypes C (ecovars bovis and ovis) and
      A (ecovar hominis); the rest of the strains could not be identified. 96% of the
      strains isolated from minks were made up of S. intermedius, more than a half of
      them belonging to biotype E (ecovar canis). In 80% of S. aureus strains and 48%
      S. intermedius cultures protein A was detected. Only 9% of S. aureus strains of
      animal origin were found capable of producing enterotoxins (A-D). The expediency
      of working out a unified scheme for the biotyping of coagulase-positive
      staphylococci is discussed.

PMID- 6837195
TI  - [Use of antibiotic-resistant Bifidobacterium in treating ulcerative-necrotic
      enterocolitis in young children].
AB  - Ulceronecrotic colitis in premature children is accompanied by the development of
      pronounced intestinal dysbacteriosis characterized by a sharp increase in the
      number of Escherichia, enterococci, staphylococci and the appearance of
      opportunistic enterobacteria (Klebsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Proteus) in
      large amounts. Clinical convalescence was observed in 2 weeks in children
      receiving antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria with antibiotics and in 3-4 weeks
      in children receiving commercial bifidobacteria with antibiotics, while children
      treated only with antibiotics showed no signs of clinical convalescence during
      the whole course of treatment. After the course of treatment the most effective
      recovery of the intestinal microflora was observed in the group of patients who
      had received antibiotics in combination with antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria.
      It was manifested by a decrease in the number of Escherichia, Klebsiella,
      Proteus, Serratia, staphylococci and enterococci simultaneously with an increase
      in the number of endogenous lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In those children
      who had received commercial bifidobacteria in combination with antibiotics or had
      been treated only with antibiotics the process of the recovery of the intestinal
      microflora was considerably less pronounced than in the patients of the first
      group; a decrease in the number of Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Serratia
      occurred to a lesser extent, and at the same time an essential increase in the
      number of enterococci and staphylococci was observed. The level of endogenous
      lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was considerably reduced. Antibiotic-resistant
      bifidobacteria actively took in the intestine of the patients. On day 5 after the
      course of treatment was over their level was (4.3 +/- 0.4) X 10(4) cells/g feces.

PMID- 6837198
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in the Mongolian People's
      Republic].
AB  - Viral hepatitis morbidity is still dominant in the infectious pathology of the
      population of the country. The main epidemiological characteristics of morbidity
      in serum and infectious hepatitides in the republic (the dynamics of morbidity in
      different years, the territorial distribution of morbidity, its seasonal
      character, the age structure of the patients, etc.), as well as measures aimed at
      ensuring the prophylaxis of each of these infections and taken with due regard to
      their epidemiological characteristics are analyzed.

PMID- 6837199
TI  - [Effect of fraction-dispersed composition on the efficacy of group aerosol
      immunization].
AB  - The formulas indicating the relationship between the magnitude of aerosol
      aspiration doses of the vaccine preparation and the parameters of the dispersed
      composition of aerosol are presented. The results of calculation of the
      relationship between the proportion of the particles of the respirable fraction
      and the median mass diameter, as well as the root-mean-square deviation of the
      logarithms of the diameters, are given. To ensure the high effectiveness of
      immunization with the vaccine preparation, the use of aerosols with the median
      mass diameter between 1.0 mu and 3.5 mu is shown to be expedient.

PMID- 6837196
TI  - [Bacteria of the species Acinetobacter calcoaceticus as the possible etiological
      factor in infectious complications in burns].
AB  - The results of the study of the etiological role of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
      in infectious complications of burning lesions are presented. These bacteria were
      shown to occur in 28% of burn wounds, quite frequently as a monoculture or
      association with diphtheroids. A. calcoaceticus were capable of persisting in the
      wounds during the whole period of treatment (up to 2-3 months). A high level of
      the contamination of burn wounds with these microorganisms, reaching 10(5)-10(6)
      cells per 1 g of tissue or 1 cm2 of the wound surface, was observed. The
      occurrence of A. calcoaceticus in the blood of the patients from whose burn
      wounds these microorganisms could be isolated was 36.3%. All isolated strains
      possessed multiple drug resistance.

PMID- 6837197
TI  - [Immunogenicity characteristics of a microorganism population from the
      pathological foci in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory
      tracts].
AB  - The staphylococcal population isolated from the pathologic focus in patients with
      chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract has been
      found to be heterogeneous in immune response it induces in the body. The action
      of immune serum in vivo and in vitro leads rather quickly to quantitative changes
      in the surface antigenic structures of microbial cells, disappearing in the
      absence of contact with antibodies. The data obtained in this study indicate that
      the immunogenicity of microbes easily changes under the influence of immune
      response, which permits them to evade the immunologic control. It is quite
      probable that such processes play an essential role in the formation of chronic
      inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 6837200
TI  - [Various clinico-epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in medical
      personnel].

PMID- 6837201
TI  - [Characteristics of Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter strains
      isolated in urological infections].
AB  - The comparative study of more than 300 Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and
      Citrobacter strains isolated from patients with urological infections and
      parenteral infections of other localization, as well as from the feces of healthy
      persons has been carried out. The strains causing inflammatory processes in the
      urinary tract have been shown to possess no strict specificity. The ability of
      opportunistic enterobacteria to cause urinary tract lesions is their
      polydeterminant property ensured by the combination of different factors. A
      number of characteristics which can be considered as the markers of
      "nephritogenic" strains have been revealed. Thus, among Proteus mirabilis strains
      the largest percentage is constituted by strains fermenting sucrose and producing
      hemolysin. The urological pathogenicity of "nephritogenic" strains belonging to
      the genera Proteus, Klebsiella and Enterobacter has been found to be linked with
      their resistance to complement and their capacity for producing substances
      increasing capillary permeability. In C. freundii strains differences in O
      serogroups and a number of markers (the fermentation of raffinose, the formation
      of hemolysin and permeability factor) have been revealed. These data may be
      useful for the prognosis and evaluation of the course of urological infections.

PMID- 6837202
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the spectrum of lytic effects of bacteriophages TB,
      Wb, Fi, BK 2 and R on various Brucella species].
AB  - The lytic activity of Brucella phages TB, Wb, Fi, BK2 and R on various Brucella
      species has been studied. Phage TB has been found to lyse B. abortus, B. suis and
      B. neotoma, phage Fi has proved to be no different from phage TB, while phage Wb
      has shown higher activity in respect of B. suis; phage BK2 has been found to lyse
      B. abortus and, to a lesser extent, B. suis and B. melitensis; phage R has shown
      low activity, while splitting out phages capable of lysing B. abortus cultures in
      the S-form. All these phages multiply well in the corresponding indicator strains
      grown in Martin's broth. The Brucella cultures isolated from myomorphous rodents
      in the northern foothills of the Caucasus have been found to be similar to B.
      suis in respect to their spectrum of phage sensitivity, differing from B. suis
      only by forming smaller negative colonies in the presence of phage Wb.

PMID- 6837203
TI  - [Relationship between hemolysin and hemolysin-destructive factor activities in
      Vibrio cholerae of Eltor biovar].
AB  - The study of hemolysin activity, hemolysin-destructive factor (HDF) activity and
      cholerogenicity in 143 Vibrio eltor strains has revealed the existance of close
      relationship between cholerogenicity and hemolysin production, as well as between
      cholerogenicity and HDF activity. The negative character of conjugation between
      the HDF activity and the hemolytic activity of the strains under study has been
      established, which allows one to suggest the possibility of the regulating action
      of hemolysin on the synthesis of HDF (enterotoxin).

PMID- 6837204
TI  - [Analysis of various factors determining the nature of cerebrovascular filling
      through extra-intracranial anastomoses].

PMID- 6837206
TI  - [Mechanism of spontaneous hemostasis in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 6837205
TI  - [Correction of hemostasis following thrombosis of arteriovenous aneurysms of the
      brain].

PMID- 6837207
TI  - [Transcapillary fluid filtration in the brains of patients after craniocerebral
      injuries].
AB  - The carotid artery and the jugular vein in patients with craniocerebral trauma
      were punctured simultaneously and the amount and direction of fluid filtration
      were calculated. The information made it possible to reveal in the posttraumatic
      period the predominant escape of fluid from the vascular channel into the
      cerebral tissue on the 1st-3rd days, a mild reverse flow of fluid on the 4th-7th
      days, and repeated escape of fluid from the vascular channel into the cerebral
      tissue on the 8th day; the duration of the last process was determined by the
      severity of the trauma. In patients who survived, this was followed by a period
      of intensive supply of fluid into the vascular channel coinciding in time with
      the clinical signs of an improvement in the patients' condition. In cases with a
      fatal outcome the flow of fluid through the vascular wall was directed into the
      cerebral tissue before death.

PMID- 6837208
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - The work is based on the analysis of computer tomographic findings in 196
      patients (children and adults) with closed craniocerebral injury of different
      severity. The authors give a more precise definition of the tomographic
      characteristics of the different forms of craniocerebral damages and the dynamics
      of changes in the acute and subacute periods after the injury. Three types of
      intracerebral hematomas are distinguished according to the mechanism of their
      origin, location, and extent. The tomographic signs of cerebral contusion are
      systematized. The forms of traumatic edema-swelling of the brain are described
      according to the results of tomodensitometry. The rarity of hydrocephalus in the
      acute period is pointed out. Hydrocephalus was caused by dislocation of the
      cerebral structures with compression of the c.s.f. passages or their occlusion in
      intraventricular hemorrhages. The tomographic characteristics of chronic subdural
      hematomas are given. It is shown that dynamic tomographic control in patients
      with severe craniocerebral injury makes it possible to limit treatment to
      nonoperative measures in some cases with different forms of brain contusion and
      small intracerebral hematomas.

PMID- 6837210
TI  - [Anterior epidurography with verographin].
AB  - Direct contrasting of the anterior epidural space with 9-10% verografin solution
      was conducted in 123 patients (120 with discogenic radiculitis, 2 with tumors,
      and 1 with injury to the spine). The epidural space was contrasted for a distance
      of 3-4 intervertebral spaces and no stimulation of the epidural structures
      occurred. The epidurograms demonstrated convincing information concerning the
      character of the protrusion and prolapse of the intervertebral discs and the
      existence of block of the epidural space in tumors. Phenomena of "spinal
      epilepsy" occurred in 5 cases, which regressed rapidly after a complex of
      measures was applied. Anterior epidurography with water-soluble contrast media of
      low concentration is an informative and safe method.

PMID- 6837214
TI  - [Cysticercosis of the septum pellucidum region of the brain].

PMID- 6837211
TI  - [Spinal osteochondrosis as a multisegmental disease].

PMID- 6837209
TI  - [Recurrence of spinal cord tumors].

PMID- 6837216
TI  - [Use of instrumentation with filamentous guide-lights in neurosurgery].

PMID- 6837213
TI  - [Phenomenon of corneal reflex irritation in neurosurgical pathology of the
      posterior cranial fossa].

PMID- 6837212
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of fibrous osteodysplasia of the bones of the skull].
AB  - The work deals with the results of clinical and X-ray examination of 96 patients
      with fibrous dysplasia of the skull bones; 60 (62.5%) of these patients were sent
      to the clinic with an erroneous diagnosis. Sarcoma, osteoma, and
      osteoblastoclastoma were the most frequently recorded erroneous diagnosis. The
      condition of the end plates and the structure of the pathological focus are of
      leading importance in the differential diagnosis of the disease discussed. The
      pain syndrome, the soft-tissue component and the periosteal spicules and peaks
      are not encountered in fibrous osteodysplasia. The zone of the anomaly progresses
      only in the period of body formation. In adults osteodysplasia follows a stable
      course.

PMID- 6837217
TI  - Vascular trauma. A review.

PMID- 6837218
TI  - Right external paracolic hernia or Short's hernia.

PMID- 6837215
TI  - [Removal of a foreign object from the cervical division of the spine].

PMID- 6837219
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of colo-colic intussusception and distal colon
      perforation.

PMID- 6837220
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the splenic vein secondary to hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the splenic vein secondary to hepatic cirrhosis is a rare
      condition with a high mortality rate. Two case histories are presented with a
      review of the two other cases in the literature. Survival following rupture
      depends upon early recognition and immediate operation.

PMID- 6837221
TI  - Head injury and intoxication: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.
AB  - One hundred patients admitted to a surgical clinic with a diagnosis of concussion
      of the brain were studied regarding the abuse of alcohol and narcotic drugs. 58%
      of the patients were assessed as intoxicated on admission. Psychiatric evaluation
      revealed a history of alcohol dependence in 43 of the patients and experience of
      narcotic drugs in 25. Forty-six of the patients reported recurrent defects of
      memory and nine suffered from epilepsy. Amnesia therefore seems to be a factor of
      limited diagnostic value in concussion of the brain. Because of diagnostic
      difficulties, in patients with alcohol intoxication a more liberal attitude
      towards cranial X-ray and CT-scanning will be justified. Blood ethanol
      determination, measurement of blood gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and the mean
      blood corpuscular volume are clinically important to elucidate the etiology in
      patients with head injury. Active rehabilitative measures should be initiated in
      collaboration between the surgeon, psychiatrist and social worker to prevent post
      concussional syndromes.

PMID- 6837222
TI  - Connective tissue changes and collagen metabolism in syngeneic vena caval grafts
      in rats.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine if changes occurring in connective tissue and
      collagen metabolism of vein-to-artery grafts arose from the trauma of
      transplantation as such or from the higher pulsatile pressure. Segments of the
      supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava were therefore transplanted to the
      infrarenal vena cava in syngeneic pairs of rats. The sequential changes in
      hydroxyproline concentration, 3H-proline incorporation and the histologic
      appearance of collagen, elastic fibres and fibronectin were noted. Comparisons
      were made with previously reported changes in syngeneic venoartery grafts in
      rats. The initial changes, probably resulting from the transplantation trauma,
      were similar in the veno-vein and veno-artery grafts. Subsequent changes,
      however, were less pronounced in veno-vein than in veno-artery grafts. The study
      thus suggests that these changes in vein-to-artery grafts are due partly to the
      transplantation trauma, but mainly to the increased pressure in the new
      environment.

PMID- 6837224
TI  - Efficiency of various types drainage of the peritoneal cavity--an experimental
      study in man.
AB  - In the present study of 14 cholecystectomized patients, three different types of
      drain have been evaluated. Biological variations were satisfactorily eliminated
      using a technical system for fluid recovery and measurement, during artificial
      administration of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. The results showed that for
      drainage of the peritoneal cavity, single drain with passive flow was twice as
      effective as single drain with suctions. (This difference was found to be
      statistically significant with p less than 0.01.) Sump drain is at least as
      effective as single drain with passive flow and should thus be used when suction
      of the drain is desired.

PMID- 6837223
TI  - Renal failure as a complication to aortoiliac and iliac reconstructive surgery.
AB  - A retrospective analysis has been undertaken of 17 patients among 221 who
      developed renal failure after aortic and/or iliac reconstructions because of
      occlusive disease (incidence 8%). In two renal artery occlusion was causing
      anuria, in the others tubular necrosis was considered to be responsible. This
      complication is multifactorial and factors of importance may be: operative
      trauma, haemorrhagic and other postoperative complications with reoperations, age
      and preoperative angiography. The patients with postoperative renal failure were
      older, the preoperative serum creatinine slightly higher, operation time longer
      and intraoperative haemorrhage greater than in patients without postoperative
      renal failure. Renal insufficiency after aorto-iliac reconstruction is a symptom
      with poor prognosis, the mortality being significantly higher (35%) than among
      the 204 patients without renal failure (2.0%). No simple dominating risk factor
      has been found in this material.

PMID- 6837225
TI  - The incidence of sliding hiatal hernias in patients with gastroesophageal reflux
      requiring operation.
AB  - The incidence of sliding hiatal hernias in 44 patients operated upon for
      gastroesophageal reflux has been analysed. Preoperative X-ray and endoscopy were
      carried out in all patients. Esophageal manometry was made in 26 patients and
      preoperative pH-measurements were made in 22 patients. Sliding hiatal hernia was
      found by X-ray examination in 24 patients. The incidence of hiatal hernia was
      increasing with age, while the reflux disease in the non-hiatal hernia patients
      was equally distributed in different age groups. The low incidence of hiatal
      hernias, especially in young patients with reflux, implies that the indications
      for surgery ought to be based on the demonstration of reflux itself, and not on
      the radiological demonstration of hiatal hernia. The low incidence of radiologic
      reflux means that X-ray alone never can exclude even severe reflux disease.

PMID- 6837226
TI  - Proximal gastric vagotomy. A prospective study of 829 patients with four-year
      follow-up.
AB  - A prospective controlled trial of proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) in 829 patients
      at three surgical services is presented. Peroperative tests of vagotomy
      completeness were made in two of the three groups of patients. The follow-up
      period was four to six years. The hospital stay after PGV averaged 9.2 days. The
      postoperative mortality rate was 0.2%. The reduction of gastric acidity was
      maintained four years after PGV. Postoperatively no patient had severe diarrhoea.
      The incidence of dumping after PGV was 1.5% and of gastric stasis 7.3%. Though 7%
      of the patients reported pyrosis after PGV, only a few required treatment.
      Transient dysphagia was reported by 2.5% of the patients. In about 4% of the
      series there were relatively mild ulcer-like symptoms postoperatively, without
      confirmation of ulcer. Duodenal ulcer recurred in 2% of cases during the
      observation period and gastric ulcer appeared in 1.5%. According to the Visick
      classification, 74% of the series showed grade I clinical result, 18% grade II,
      4% grade III and 4% grade IV. There were no intergroup differences in Visick
      grades.

PMID- 6837228
TI  - Low-oxalate, low-fat dietary regimen in hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal
      bypass.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the severity of enteric hyperoxaluria can be
      reduced in hospitalized patients who receive a diet low in oxalate and fat.
      Little is known of the value of such a diet in the patients' home conditions. Ten
      patients with hyperoxaluria (greater than 0.45 mmol/24 h) following jejuno-ileal
      bypass were therefore studied while on their ordinary diet and also on a diet
      with low-oxalate, low-fat content. The mean urinary excretion of oxalate
      decreased during the dietary treatment from 1.1 to 0.7 mmol/24 h. The diet was
      demanding, though not unfeasible for the patients. Careful and regular dietary
      information, preferably by a dietitian, is recommended in such cases.

PMID- 6837227
TI  - Perforated duodenal ulcer--long-term results following simple closure.
AB  - Perforated duodenal ulcer was treated with suture plication in 77 patients. Only
      one-third of the operations were performed within six hours of the onset of
      perforation symptoms. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were related to
      the duration of the perforation and the age of the patient. The postoperative
      mortality rate was 6.5%. Fifty-three of the patients could be followed up after a
      mean period of 7.5 years. The long-term results were unsatisfactory in 84% of the
      patients who had had ulcer symptoms for more than three years prior to
      perforation, but in only 18% of those with symptoms for less than three years.
      Simple closure thus seems to be the treatment of choice for perforated duodenal
      ulcer when the patient's general health is poor or when the history of ulcer
      symptoms is short. A definitive operation, consisting of selective proximal
      vagotomy with or without drainage, should be considered for good-risk patients
      with pre-perforation ulcer symptoms for more than three years.

PMID- 6837231
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of calcium chloride administered intravenously to patients
      with and without cardiac disease during neurolept anaesthesia.
AB  - During neurolept anaesthesia, calcium chloride (15 mg/kg) was administered
      intravenously to two different groups of patients undergoing vascular surgery on
      the abdominal aorta. The patients in group I all suffered from cardiac disease
      and were treated with digoxin, while the patients in group II had no cardiac
      symptoms. Cardiovascular measurements were made during steady-state anaesthesia.
      In group I, CaCl2 increased cardiac index (CI) significantly while systemic
      vascular resistance index (SVRI) remained unchanged. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
      increased. In group II, both MAP and SVRI increased while CI remained unchanged.
      No significant changes in heart rate were observed and no arrhythmias occurred.
      It is concluded that CaCl2 administered intravenously is an effective means of
      improving cardiac function when it is depressed by anaesthesia, underlying
      cardiac disease, or both.

PMID- 6837230
TI  - Analgesic, respiratory and endocrine responses in normal man to THIP, a GABA
      agonist.
AB  - In a controlled study, the effects of THIP (a synthetic gamma-aminobutyric-acid
      agonist) on respiratory function (ventilatory response to CO2), first detection
      of stimulation (electrical stimulation of a tooth), pain threshold, magnitude of
      maximal tolerated pain stimulation, and plasma cortisol, prolactin and glucose
      were investigated in six normal men. Intramuscular injection of THIP in dosages
      of both 10 mg and 20 mg increased the magnitude of stimulus before first
      detection, and the pain threshold as well as the maximal tolerance of pain
      stimulation. THIP did not lead to changes in respiratory function, or in plasma
      cortisol, prolactin or glucose, suggesting an analgesic action independent of
      opiate receptors.

PMID- 6837233
TI  - Alveolar stability during anaesthesia for reconstructive vascular surgery in the
      leg.
AB  - Alveolar stability was studied during prolonged enflurane anaesthesia by using a
      multiple inert-gas elimination technique for the assessment of the "continuous"
      distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q). All 10 patients (mean age:
      61 years, six smokers) presented with increased VA/Q mismatching during
      anaesthesia, with a redistribution of lung blood flow to regions with low or high
      VA/Q. Five patients had perfusion of units with VA/Q less than or equal to 0.07
      which may cause unstable alveoli with the presently used inspiratory gas mixture.
      However, only two patients displayed increasing shunting suggestive of alveolar
      collapse during the 3.5 h observation period. This lower than expected incidence
      may indicate protective mechanisms against atelectasis, such as mechanical
      interdependence between lung units, or collateral ventilation.

PMID- 6837229
TI  - Effects of calcium, aluminium, magnesium and cholestyramine on hyperoxaluria in
      patients with jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - The urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, magnesium and citrate as well as the
      inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth in diluted urine was studied in
      seven patients with hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass. The study was
      performed on an outpatient basis before and during daily administration of 38 or
      113 mmol calcium, 28 mmol of aluminum, 20 mmol of magnesium or 16 g of
      cholestyramine. Each substance was administered for seven days with a free
      interval of at least seven days. The mean urinary oxalate excretion was not
      reduced with any of these regimens. Administration of 38 mmol of calcium per day
      resulted in increased oxalate and magnesium excretion. Increased excretion of
      both calcium and citrate was observed during administration of 113 mmol of
      calcium per day. Calcium and magnesium excretion was increased with aluminium. An
      increased magnesium excretion was also observed during administration of
      magnesium, resulting in a decreased calcium/ magnesium ratio. Cholestyramine
      resulted in increased oxalate and decreased citrate excretion.

PMID- 6837232
TI  - Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity in a patient with renal failure.
AB  - Bradycardia and hypotension were the first major signs of toxicity from a 250 mg
      bupivacaine axillary brachial plexus block experienced by a patient with chronic
      renal failure, who had an anion gap acidosis and hyperkalaemia. Without these
      metabolic abnormalities, this patient received four similar blocks: three were
      without incident and one was complicated by seizure. Acidosis and/or
      hyperkalaemia in man appears to increase the myocardial susceptibility to
      bupivacaine toxicity into the range of arterial concentrations of the drug
      normally produced by plexus blocks, even in the absence of drug-induced cerebral
      toxicity, seizures and hypoxia.

PMID- 6837237
TI  - Ventilation - perfusion relationship during hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Ventilation-perfusion relationships (VA/Q) were studied during hip arthroplasty,
      using a multiple inert-gas elimination technique. True shunt (VA/Q = O) increased
      on 10 out of 16 prosthesis-anchoring occasions, while "low" VA/Q values (O less
      than VA/Q less than 0.1) increased on 2 occasions only. Pao2 fell by 1-2 kPa.
      "High" VA/Q values (10 less than VA/Q less than 100) appeared or increased with
      the insertion of the prosthesis, while dead space (VA/Q greater than 100) was
      unaltered. Cardiac output did not change. Pulmonary artery pressure fell and
      airway peak pressure rose by approximately 2 mmHg. It is possible that the blood
      flow is forced from non-dependent to dependent lung regions by the altered
      pressure in airways and blood vessels, creating a "high" VA/Q in upper and shunt
      regions and a "low" VA/Q in lower lung regions.

PMID- 6837234
TI  - Portable emergency ventilators. A lung model study.
AB  - The ventilatory performance of four portable emergency ventilators (Logic 07,
      Motivus, Oxylog and Pneupac II) was tested on a lung model. The model consisted
      of one common (tracheal) tube, two separate (bronchial) tubes in which different
      obstructions could be applied, and two glass jars filled with water to suitable
      compliances. Dialled volume was compared to measured volume. The gas distribution
      produced by the different ventilators was also studied. It was found that all
      four ventilators could distribute gas to the lungs. The ventilators Logic 07 and
      Oxylog had acceptable relationships between dialled and measured volume/frequency
      and they also produced a good final distribution.

PMID- 6837236
TI  - Lung uptake of lidocaine in man as influenced by anaesthesia, mepivacaine
      infusion or lung insufficiency.
AB  - Pulmonary uptake of lidocaine was investigated in patients before surgery, and
      aimed at elucidating the influence of general anaesthesia, the presence of
      another local anaesthetic agent in the blood, or the possible impact of lung
      insufficiency. When the lung uptake of lidocaine, injected as a bolus together
      with indocyanine green dye, was calculated as uptake at 95% pass of the dye,
      there were no statistically significant differences between the four groups. When
      the extraction in each of the arterial blood samples was calculated on the basis
      of the relation between relative concentrations, there were statistically
      significant differences, with a general tendency towards higher extraction of
      lidocaine in the awake, healthy volunteers, not given mepivacaine, compared to
      the other groups. In the group in whom mepivacaine was infused, the arterial
      concentration of mepivacaine increased transiently after the injection of
      lidocaine. This probably reflects a displacement of mepivacaine from binding
      sites for both agents. From this study, it is postulated that the ability of the
      pulmonary circulation to clear the blood of lidocaine is high, and that it is not
      affected markedly by those situations studied in the present investigation.

PMID- 6837235
TI  - Immediate and long-term mental recovery from general versus epidural anesthesia
      in elderly patients.
AB  - The postoperative course of mental performance during the first week and at 3
      months after operation was studied in 30 patients above the age of 60, undergoing
      total hip replacement arthroplasty. The patients were randomly allocated to
      receive either general anesthesia, epidural analgesia, or general anesthesia plus
      epidural analgesia. The surgically induced increase in plasma cortisol and
      glucose was inhibited in the two groups receiving epidural analgesia. Mental
      performance was studied with psychological methods. An equal degree of
      postoperative impairment of mental performance of 3-4 days' duration was found in
      all groups. Three months after surgery, mental function had improved slightly and
      to the same extent in all groups. We conclude that the after surgery, mental
      function had improved slightly and to the same extent in all groups. We conclude
      that the transient mental impairment occurring within the first postoperative
      week is caused by factors other than general anesthetic agents and the endocrine
      metabolic response to surgery.

PMID- 6837238
TI  - Controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside: effects on cerebral blood flow
      and cerebral venous blood gases in patients operated for cerebral aneurysms.
AB  - The effect on cerebral haemodynamics of arterial hypotension induced by sodium
      nitroprusside infusion was studied in nine patients at the end of operations for
      intracranial aneurysms under N2O-O2-halothane anaesthesia. Cerebral blood flow
      (CBF), using the intraarterial 133Xe injection method, and cerebral jugular
      venous blood gases were monitored before, during and after the induced
      hypotension. CBF and jugular venous oxygen tension (PvO2) remained constant
      during the hypotensive period. Following its termination, a 13% increase in CBF
      occurred (P less than 0.05) and PvO2 showed the same trend, a 5% increase (P less
      than 0.30). Regional CBF recordings (rCBF) in 16 small areas within the cerebral
      hemisphere were obtained at each measurement. In four of the patients, rCBF
      abnormalities were present in the form of hyperaemic regions, probably induced by
      the operation or the disease itself. The focal abnormalities were not accentuated
      during hypotension nor were ischaemic regions disclosed. It is concluded that
      sodium nitroprusside has only a minor influence on cerebral haemodynamics in the
      anaesthetized state.

PMID- 6837241
TI  - Epidural anaesthesia, induced hypotension and blood loss during surgery.

PMID- 6837243
TI  - Lidocaine given intravenously as a suppressant of cough and laryngospasm in
      connection with extubation after tonsillectomy.
AB  - The preventive effect of lidocaine against coughing in the recovery period after
      general anaesthesia was observed. The study was carried out as a double-blind
      sequential trial. At the same time the incidence of laryngospasm was registered.
      Lidocaine or placebo was given intravenously just before extubation. Nineteen
      patients for tonsillectomy, all of them over the age of 15, randomly received a
      2% solution of lidocaine 2 mg/kg body weight or placebo (saline) 2 min prior to
      expected extubation. We found that lidocaine in this dose given prophylactically
      just before extubation was able to inhibit and prevent coughing in the recovery
      period after general anaesthesia. None of the patients included in this study got
      laryngospasm, and none of the patients developed serious side-effects.

PMID- 6837239
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in non-intubated children during adenoidectomy. A comparison
      between enflurane and halothane anaesthesia.
AB  - The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate, blood pressure, capillary
      perfusion and end-tidal CO2 tension were studied in 167 healthy children 1-12
      years of age undergoing adenoidectomy (n = 82) and myringotomy (n = 85) during
      enflurane and halothane anaesthesia. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was
      significantly lower during myringotomy than during adenoidectomy. In children
      undergoing adenoidectomy the incidence of arrhythmias was 38.9% during enflurane
      anaesthesia and 86.6% during halothane anaesthesia (P less than 0.001). In the
      halothane group ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 19 patients (41.3%) but
      only in one child (2.8%) in the enflurane group. The ventricular arrhythmias seen
      during halothane anaesthesia were unifocal in six patients and multifocal in five
      and classified as ventricular tachycardia in eight children. Heart rate was
      increased by about 40% at the onset of ventricular arrhythmias. The heart rate
      remained unchanged with enflurane anaesthesia during surgery, which may reflect a
      decreased sympathomimetic activity. It is suggested that the low incidence of
      ventricular arrhythmias during enflurane anaesthesia may be explained by the
      combination of a reduced sympathomimetic activity and a lowered susceptibility of
      the myocardium to the actions of endogenous catecholamines.

PMID- 6837242
TI  - Suitability of plasma expanders in patients receiving low-dose heparin for
      prevention of venous thrombosis after surgery.
AB  - Patients (132) receiving low-dose heparin for the prevention of venous thrombosis
      after surgery were given in random order in addition to standard fluid therapy, a
      500 ml infusion of balanced salt solution and glucose, 4% gelatine, 6% dextran,
      or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (mean molecular weight 40,000 or 125,000) after
      induction of anaesthesia. Variables of blood coagulation and haemostasis were
      measured before and after the operation, and peroperative bleeding tendency and
      postoperative bleeding complications were subjectively evaluated by the surgeon.
      None of the treatments significantly decreased platelet count or increased
      capillary bleeding time when compared to values before operation. The
      peroperative bleeding tendency was similar after each infusion (moderately-to
      markedly increased in 18-32% of the patients). None of the patients given
      balanced salt solution and glucose only had postoperative bleeding complications,
      whereas 8-18% of patients given plasma expanders presented with such
      complications (plasma expanders vs no plasma expanders P less than 0.05). The
      results suggest that administration of gelatine, dextran or hydroxyethyl starch
      should be avoided in patients receiving low-dose heparin treatment for surgery.

PMID- 6837240
TI  - Can 4-aminopyridine be used to reverse anaesthesia and muscle relaxation?
AB  - 4-aminopyridine has earlier been shown to antagonize neuromuscular block and to
      release transmitters in CNS. In a study in man the drug was given intravenously
      at the end of anaesthesia in order to counteract muscle relaxation and possibly
      also anaesthesia. The effects were followed by clinical observations,
      intraarterial blood pressure recording, ECG, repetitive muscle nerve stimulation
      and EEG. It was shown that the drug could reverse the neuromuscular block in
      lightly curarized patients, but was not as efficient as synstigmine
      methylsulphate (Neostigmine). In two cases the drug produced a slowing of EEG
      activity, which was normalized by naloxone. No toxic effects of the drug were
      observed.

PMID- 6837244
TI  - Ketamine anaesthesia for a patient with the Shy-Drager syndrome.
AB  - A 58-year-old man with the Shy-Drager syndrome underwent laryngo- and
      tracheoscopies in general anaesthesia for evaluation of the larynx after
      tracheostomy following bilateral vocal cord paralysis. A profound fall in
      arterial pressure during anaesthesia induced with thiopentone has been
      demonstrated in previously reported patients with the Shy-Drager syndrome. In the
      present patient, anaesthesia induced with ketamine, maintained with nitrous oxide
      in oxygen and supplemented with fentanyl, diazepam and suxamethonium did not
      cause a fall in arterial pressure.

PMID- 6837245
TI  - Prolongation of QT interval during induction of anaesthesia.
AB  - QT interval was studied in 156 adults and in 127 children during the induction of
      anaesthesia. Both in adults and in children, QT interval was prolonged
      statistically significantly after thiopentone 5 mg/kg and the most marked
      prolongation occurred after suxamethonium 1 to 1.5 mg/kg. In adults, d
      tubocurarine 0.06 mg/kg, but not alcuronium 0.03 mg/kg or pancuronium 0.01 mg/kg,
      prevented statistically significantly the prolongation of the QT interval after
      suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg. In children, all three muscle relaxants prevented
      statistically significantly the effect of suxamethonium 2 mg/kg and pancuronium
      also prevented the effect of thiopentone. The most common ECG changes were
      ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) which occurred in 26% of the adults and in 22% of
      the children who were not pretreated with the muscle relaxants. After
      pretreatment with d-tubocurarine, the incidence of VEB was 3% in both groups. In
      adults, alcuronium was as effective as d-tubocurarine in the prevention of VEB
      but in the alcuronium group supraventricular ectopic beats and junctional rhythm
      occurred in 6% and 9% of the patients, respectively. Pancuronium did not
      significantly prevent the incidence of VEB. On the basis of the present results,
      d-tubocurarine is the relaxant of choice for the prevention of the prolongation
      of QT interval as well as ECG changes during the induction of anaesthesia.

PMID- 6837246
TI  - Effects of working environment on the liver in 10 anaesthetists.
AB  - Drug-metabolising ability, i.e. antipyrine half-life, in anaesthetists was
      significantly slowed (23%) at the end of summer vacation (2-4 weeks), as compared
      to prevacation values. Despite changes in either direction, the antipyrine half
      lives, including four determinations within a year and a half from the ten
      anaesthetists, were within normal limits. Liver enzymes (aspartate
      aminotransferase, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase) were also
      normal. In one anaesthetist the test for anti-HBsAg was positive in 1980, while
      in the others HBsAg and anti-HBsAg were negative in 1980 and 1981. The inorganic
      fluoride concentrations of serum and urine (determined four times) were at normal
      levels. Only in one anaesthetist was there a transient, surprisingly high, serum
      concentration (7.9 mumol/l), apparently unrelated to work exposure.

PMID- 6837247
TI  - The effect of epidural and general anaesthesia on lymphocyte functions during and
      after major orthopaedic surgery.
AB  - The blastogenic responses of lymphocytes to PHA-stimulation and lymphocyte
      lymphokine production have been studied in 27 patients undergoing total hip
      replacement, operated under either general anaesthesia or epidural anaesthesia.
      The lymphocytes were isolated from the patients the day before operation, during
      the operation and on the first postoperative day. The assays were carried out
      with lymphocytes cultured in medium containing 25% of the patient's serum (Au
      medium) and in medium containing 25% of pooled AB+ serum (AB-medium). In the
      epidural anaesthesia group, the blastogenic response to PHA of lymphocytes
      incubated in Au-medium increased per- and postoperatively to 132% (n.s.) and 155%
      (P less than 0.05) compared to preoperative values. In the general anaesthesia
      group, the PHA-response decreased to 63.7% peroperatively (P less than 0.05) and
      88.7% postoperatively (n.s.). When the lymphocytes were incubated in AB-medium,
      the PHA-response increased in both groups. Lymphocyte lymphokine production in
      the epidural group was unchanged both per- and postoperatively in both media.
      However, in the general anaesthesia group there was a reduction in lymphokine
      activity both per- and postoperatively. This reduction was most pronounced
      peroperatively when the lymphocytes were incubated in Au-medium (64.2%, P less
      than 0.05). Control lymphocytes incubated in sera from general anaesthetized
      patients resulted in significantly lower lymphokine activity (P less than 0.05)
      in comparison with cultures with sera from patients in the epidural group. These
      findings indicate a lymphocyte depressing factor in serum from patients operated
      under general anaesthesia, which is absent during operations in epidural
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 6837248
TI  - Effects of prenalterol on central haemodynamics and VA/Q distribution early after
      open-heart surgery.
AB  - The effects of intravenous injection of prenalterol, a selective beta 1
      adrenoceptor agonist, on central haemodynamics and the distribution of
      ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) were assessed in eight patients after aortic and/or
      mitral valve replacement. VA/Q distributions were determined by the multiple
      inert gas elimination technique. Administration of prenalterol resulted in a
      significant increase in cardiac output and heart rate with no changes in mean
      pulmonary arterial pressure and wedge pressure. There was an insignificant fall
      in arterial oxygen tension from 14.3 to 12.4 kPa, accompanied by a significant
      increase in the inert gas shunt from 6.4 to 11.3% of cardiac output, while the
      configuration of the distribution of perfusion and ventilation on VA/Q remained
      unchanged. The increase in shunt was probably more an effect of the increase in
      cardiac output than a direct effect of the drug on the pulmonary vascular bed.

PMID- 6837249
TI  - Stiffness of central venous catheters.
AB  - Catheter stiffness has been suggested to be a principal factor in the
      thrombogenesis encountered after central venous cannulation. However, no data
      have been published to date about the stiffness of central venous catheters. A
      method for measuring catheter stiffness has been developed. The force needed to
      deflect a catheter tip 1.2 mm from a fastening point was measured with the help
      of a cantilever beam (Grass Model DA-7). Six different sections of each catheter
      were measured, and the final results expressed as an average of these. Twenty
      seven central venous catheters made of silicone elastomer, polyurethane,
      polyvinylchloride, polyethylene and teflon were tested. The bending stiffness, EI
      (E = elastic modulus of the material, I = moment of inertia of catheter (a
      geometrical property)) was below 16 X 10(-6) Nm2 for all catheters made of
      silicone elastomer, polyvinylchloride and polyurethane. Polyethylene catheters
      were stiffer, but could be made softer by reduction of their diameters. Teflon
      catheters were up to 10 times stiffer than the catheters in the soft group.
      Heparinization and radioopacity of catheters do not significantly alter their
      bending stiffness. In a concomitant study the results indicate that there is a
      significantly lower incidence of thrombus formation in catheters with a bending
      stiffness below 16 X 10(-6) Nm2.

PMID- 6837250
TI  - Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization II. A comparison
      between plain silicone elastomer, and plain polyethylene, long, antebrachial
      catheters.
AB  - Central venous catheters of two types were inserted through basilic or cephalic
      veins punctured at the fossa cubiti in 61 patients: 39 soft silicone elastomer
      (S.E.) and 22 stiffer polyethylene (P.E.) catheters were compared regarding their
      thrombogenicity. Mean duration of catheterization was 6.5 days. Radiological
      thrombi in the peripheral and central veins visualized by phlebography were
      significantly smaller, and the incidence of the mural thrombi in the central
      veins significantly lower with the S.E. than with the P.E.-catheters, but the use
      of S.E.-catheters did not reduce the incidence of clinical thrombophlebitis in
      arm veins: 14 cases in the group with S.E. and four in that with P.E.-catheters.
      In both groups, the maximum incidence of clinical thrombophlebitis occurred 4-8
      days after catheterization. Later, there seems to be a low risk for the
      appearance of clinical thrombophlebitis with both catheters. Neither the surface
      topography of the catheter materials, nor the platelet adhesion on their surfaces
      in contact with human blood in vitro offered conclusive arguments for
      interpretation of their thrombogenicity in vivo. Catheter stiffness seems to play
      an important role in inducing mural thrombus formation in central venous
      cannulation in man.

PMID- 6837251
TI  - Peroral diazepam compared with parenteral morphine/scopolamine with regard to
      gastric content.
AB  - In a prospective study, 62 adult patients were studied with respect to the volume
      and pH of their gastric contents after receiving randomly one of three different
      premedications. One group received flunitrazepam 2 mg perorally on the night
      before operation and diazepam 0.2 mg per kg body weight perorally at 7.00 a.m. on
      the day of operation. The patients in the second group were given flunitrazepam 2
      mg perorally the night before operation and morphine/scopolamine i.m. 1 h prior
      to operation. In the third group no flunitrazepam was given on the night before
      operation, and the patients were premedicated with morphine/scopolamine i.m. 1 h
      preoperatively. No statistically significant difference was found between the
      groups with respect to the volume and pH of gastric contents after induction of
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 6837252
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion relationships during anaesthesia and abdominal surgery.
AB  - Nine patients, 61-72 years old, were studied awake and during halothane
      anaesthesia before and during upper abdominal surgery. Central circulation was
      evaluated by means of pulmonary artery catheterization and gas exchange by
      multiple inert gas elimination technique. Awake and supine, a rather wide
      distribution of VA/Q was observed, with regions of low VA/Q in five patients and
      a small shunt (1-3%) in three patients. The overall dispersion of blood flow was
      log s.d. 0.93. With anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation, cardiac output fell
      by 30%, whereas pulmonary vascular pressures remained unaltered. The dispersion
      of pulmonary blood flow against VA/Q ratios was further increased with a log s.d.
      of 1.67. Perfusion of regions with a low VA/Q was significantly increased. With
      surgery, no significant changes were seen in cardiac output or vascular
      pressures. True shunt appeared or increased in seven patients, ranging from 1.3
      to 17%. Perfusion to regions with low VA/Q did not change. It is concluded that
      abdominal surgery interferes with gas exchange, presumably because of a cranial
      shift of the diaphragm which lowers FRG and thereby promotes airway closure.

PMID- 6837254
TI  - Cardiac tamponade as a result of infusion therapy. A potentially amenable
      complication of central venous catheters.
AB  - A fatal case of infusion of a fat emulsion (Intralipid) into the pericardium is
      reported. Perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart by
      a central venous catheter had occurred 3 days after insertion via the basilic
      vein. Local myocardial inflammation and necrosis along the puncture wound through
      the myocardium was a feature. The incident underlines the necessity for prompt
      assurance of correct positioning of central venous catheters. It is emphasized
      that effective treatment is possible if one is aware of some important features
      of the condition. Immediate diagnosis is mandatory.

PMID- 6837253
TI  - Estimation of blood flow in transcutaneous PO2 measurements.
AB  - A method for estimation of the cutaneous blood flow in transcutaneous PO2
      measurements is presented. Recordings of electrode and skin temperature make it
      possible to compute the effect dissipated to the circulating blood. Eighteen
      measurements were performed on three healthy volunteers at electrode temperature
      settings from 37.0 degrees C to 45.0 degrees C. The blood-flow estimates ranged
      from 0.07 to 0.19 ml . cm-2 . min-1. At an electrode temperature of 45.0 degrees
      C the investigations showed a tc-PO2 value as low as 7 mmHg (0.9 kPa) which,
      however, corresponded well to the lowest blood-flow estimate determined. The
      temperature-corrected (37 degrees C) a-PO2-tc-PO2 gradient ranged from 50 mmHg to
      95 mmHg (6.7-12.6 kPa). The investigations confirm the importance of simultaneous
      determinations of cutaneous blood flow, capillary temperature and cutaneous
      oxygen consumption in order to describe the connection between arterial and
      cutaneous oxygen tension. The cutaneous blood flow seems in this connection to be
      the most important parameter.

PMID- 6837255
TI  - Perivascular axillary block II: influence of injected volume of local anaesthetic
      on neural blockade.
AB  - Perivascular axillary blockade was performed on 150 patients with the aid of a
      catheter technique. Blockade failure due to injection outside the neurovascular
      sheath was found in 5.7% of the subject material. The patients were randomly
      allocated to three groups. The amount of local anaesthetic was constant in each
      group: 400 mg mepivacaine with adrenaline. However, the injected volume was a
      variable factor, namely 20, 40 or 80 ml. Sensory and motor blockade was tested 30
      min after each injection. The following results were obtained: 1) Apart from the
      axillary, musculocutaneous and radial nerves, a high frequency of analgesia was
      found in all cutaneous areas (over 85%). 2) In the axillary area, improvements
      were found with increasing volume. 3) Analgesia in the musculocutaneous area
      occurred in 52% of the patients in group 1 (20 ml) and improved to 75% in group 2
      (40 ml). However, no difference was found between group 2 and group 3 (80 ml). 4)
      Volume had no influence on analgesia in the radial area. 5) Motor blockade was
      intensified with decreasing volume, i.e. with an increase of concentration of
      local anaesthetic solution.

PMID- 6837257
TI  - [Presence of microcilia on the apical extremity of the cilia of the epithelium of
      the Fallopian tubes].
AB  - The role played by the ciliated cells of the salpinx in the transport of the ovum
      has been the subject of numerous studies. In this work we examined the
      ultrastructure of the cilia of the ampullary portion of the oviductal epithelium
      in a series of mammals and in man. We found the classical structure of the motile
      cilia. The free part of the cilia, surrounded by the cell membrane, is composed
      by nine peripheral doublets and by a pair of central microtubules. In the species
      we examined, we had the occasion to observe an ultrastructural particularity of
      the cilia. It is about a group of microcilia placed on their apical extremity.
      These formations were observed in longitudinal sections and appeared aligned on
      the top of the cilium. They have a length of 200-300 A and a diameter of 100 A.
      Their number varies with the species examined. The proportion of cilia which
      presented microcilia is also different from species to species. The functional
      role of the microcilia is unknown.

PMID- 6837256
TI  - Haemodynamic changes during sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension and
      halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of nitroprusside (SNP) were studied in six patients
      undergoing surgery for intracranial aneurysm under controlled hypotension in
      endotracheal anaesthesia with halothane-nitrous oxide during hypocapnia. Mean
      arterial pressure was reduced with SNP from mean 12.25 kPa to mean 8.29 kPa
      (32%). There were concomitant statistically significant decreases in systemic
      vascular resistance (-21%), cardiac index (-17%), stroke index (-23%), pulmonary
      arterial mean pressure (-27%) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (-27%).
      Heart rate, central venous pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance did not
      change significantly. After the infusion of SNP was discontinued all parameters,
      except cardiac index and heart rate, returned to values not significantly
      different from the control values. The hypotension induced by SNP resulted from
      reductions in cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance. The reduction in
      cardiac index did not reach a critical level in any of the patients.

PMID- 6837258
TI  - The stapedial artery in the rat. A microscopical study under normal conditions
      and in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Arteria stapedialis in the rat was studied in healthy rats and in experimental
      otitis media with effusion (OME). The mean diameters of the vessel was calculated
      to approximately 460 microns (healthy) and 430 microns (otitic) (no significant
      difference). The tunica intima consisted of an endothelium and a well-developed
      elastica interna. The tunica media was composed of 2-3 layers of smooth muscle
      cells. The adventitia was thicker than the media and consisted of bundles of
      collagen fibers. The artery in the middle ear cavity was quite naked covered only
      with the middle ear mucosa. The stapedial artery did not appear to be involved in
      the production of effusion in experimentally induced OME.

PMID- 6837259
TI  - Polarizing microscopy of birefringent lipids in rabbit fetal lungs.
AB  - The development of birefringent lipids in pre- and postnatal rabbit lungs was
      studied by polarizing microscopy (PM) and correlated with transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM). Birefringent lipids first appeared as small scattered particles
      in the developing alveolar walls at 27 days of gestation. These particles became
      aggregated, gradually increased in amount in older fetuses, and reached a
      prenatal maximum at 30 days. Numerous particles were located in the alveolar
      lumen, beginning in the 30-day fetuses. Further increase in the amount of
      birefringent lipids occurred in the 60-day-old rabbits. TEM demonstrated
      cytoplasmic lipid inclusion bodies in the type II pneumocytes at 25 days of
      gestation. Some of these inclusions were lamellated, but regular lamellated
      bodies were often seen in older fetuses. It appears that the development of
      birefringent lipids is closely correlated with the development of lamellated
      bodies seen with TEM, and PM is a simple, useful method in following the
      development and maturation of surfactant lipids.

PMID- 6837261
TI  - Quantitative studies on the ultrastructural differentiation and growth of
      mammalian cardiac muscle cells. The atria and ventricles of the cat.
AB  - Ultrastructural differentiation of cardiac muscle cells in the bilateral atria
      and ventricles of the cat at 1, 16, 25 and 40 days and 6 months after birth was
      studied by morphometry on electron micrographs. At the newborn stage, no T-tubule
      was found in the ventricular muscle cells, but specific granules were already
      noted in the atrial myocytes. The cell diameter of the ventricular myocardium was
      greater than that of the atrium at this stage. The T-tubule was first recognized
      in the ventricular muscle cells at day 16, at which stage the area occupied by
      the mitochondria and glycogen in the atrial muscle cells was definitely found to
      differ from that in the ventricular muscle cells. Thereafter, the differences in
      the ultrastructure between the atria and ventricles became more remarkable,
      particularly in the cell diameter and in the mitochondrial area. The cat cardiac
      muscle cells are characterized by numerous lipid droplets within the cytoplasm in
      contrast to those of the rat and the guinea pig.

PMID- 6837262
TI  - Distribution of osteonic and interstitial components in the human femoral shaft
      with reference to structure, calcification and mechanical properties.
AB  - This paper analyzes the distribution of osteons and interstitial bone in the
      femoral compacta according to their structure, degree of calcification and
      mechanical properties. Three cross sections, 100 microns thick, each located 1 cm
      from the next, were prepared by grinding from the middle third of a human femoral
      shaft. Starting from the premise that, in lamellar bone, lamellae whose fiber
      bundles and crystallites have a longitudinal course withstand loading by tension,
      whereas those whose fiber bundles and crystallites have a transversal course
      withstand loading by compression, each osteon and fragment of interstitial bone
      has been given a number recording the percentage of its surface consisting of
      lamellae with transversally oriented fiber bundles and crystallites (bright under
      the polarizing microscope). The degree of calcification of the same structures
      was determined micro-radiographically. The distribution of both osteons and
      interstitial bone was assessed using a tungsten grid for reference. The total
      surface of each bone microstructure, and the percentage of that surface
      consisting of bright lamellae, were all calculated using a Zeiss Video-plan. Our
      results confirm the view that the distribution of both osteons and interstitial
      bone is mainly related to their structure--and hence to their mechanical
      properties. In addition, bone remodeling seems to be most active in areas capable
      of supporting tensile stress.

PMID- 6837260
TI  - Anatomic topographical relationship of the intraspinal accessory root to the
      upper cervical roots and to the vessels of the cranial cervical region.
AB  - The object of this investigation was to provide a statistical interpretation of
      macroscopic anatomic findings in the cranial cervical region, which is very rich
      in variation. In this way rare nervous and vascular variations could be related
      statistically. The first cervical posterior root demonstrated the most striking
      variations, which, according to anlage and connection with the accessory nerve,
      was divided into four anlage types of formation. In this way it was shown that in
      only 23% of the cases, no posterior C-1 root had been formed. It was further
      demonstrable that in at least part of the cases the accessory nerve was sensibly
      mixed with the first posterior root. Furthermore, nervous structures and
      peculiarities in the vessels were investigated. Special courses taken by the
      posterior inferior cerebellar artery, in addition to those already known, were
      statistically interpreted. Nervous as well as vascular contact and courses were
      analyzed, especially in relation to their topography to the accessory nerve, in
      order to provide clinicians with possibilities for explanations of irritations or
      compressions of this cranial nerve.

PMID- 6837263
TI  - Effect of denervation or castration on ultrastructural and histochemical
      properties of feline bulbocavernosus muscle.
AB  - The histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the mature feline
      bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) induced after 10 days of denervation or castration
      were compared. Control BCM, denervated BCM, and BCM from castrated cats reacted
      similarly for myosin ATPase (predominantly dark staining) and for succinic
      dehydrogenase (predominantly high). Staining for phosphorylase was decreased in
      the denervated BCM and BCM from castrated cats. Intrafiber lipid content was
      reduced after denervation or castration. The appearance of lysosome-like
      structures in BCM from both treatment groups was the most obvious ultrastructural
      alteration. Other ultrastructural changes were focal and infrequent.

PMID- 6837264
TI  - Friedreich's ataxia: electrophysiological and histological findings.
AB  - Electromyography was performed, and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities
      were measured in 19 patients definitely affected by Friedreich's ataxia. Biopsy
      of the sural nerve was also performed in 9 patients. Most patients presented a
      moderate to severe loss of motor units, a significant increase in mean duration
      of motor unit potentials, and in the incidence of polyphasic potentials. Short
      lasting spontaneous activity was rarely seen. Conduction velocity along the motor
      and sensory fibres of the median and tibial nerves was moderately slowed, while
      distal conduction time to muscle was significantly increased and the sensory
      orthodromically-evoked response markedly reduced. Intraoperative
      electrophysiological recordings obtained during biopsy of the sural nerve in 4
      patients were consistent with the changes conventionally observed in the median,
      tibial and sural (6 patients) nerves. Quantitative histology revealed a reduced
      number of total myelinated fibres with a severe loss of large fibres, and a
      moderate loss of fibres of less than 7 microns in diameter. In teased nerve fibre
      preparations, the most evident abnormality consisted of fibres with uniformly
      short internodal length, while signs of remyelination were less prominent. Signs
      of active axonal degeneration were rarely observed in electron microscopy.
      Electrophysiological and histological findings were uniformly distributed, and
      the changes were neither related to the duration nor to the severity of the
      clinical condition.

PMID- 6837266
TI  - Chronic recurrent demyelinating encephalomyelitis associated with hemophagocytic
      lymphohistiocytosis.
AB  - A man aged 31 with remittent fever, leukopenia, polyuria, and splenomegaly in
      addition to chronic and recurrent episodes of neurologic abnormalities was
      examined pathologically. A chronic type of perivenous encephalomyelitis was found
      in the CNS, and chronic inflammatory lesions were noticed in the infundibulo
      hypophyseal system and also in the peripheral nerves. Moreover, hemophagocytic
      lymphohistiocytosis predominated in the reticuloendothelial system. This seemed
      to be the first adult case of demyelinating disease with hemophagocytic
      lymphohistiocytosis.

PMID- 6837265
TI  - Microvascular abnormalities in ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumors:
      structural basis for altered blood-brain barrier function.
AB  - The fine structure, histometric characteristics, and permeability of microvessels
      were studied by electron microscopy in normal and in ethylnitrosourea (ENU)
      induced glioma tissue from rats, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer.
      The tumor vessels were classified into (1) capillary buds (Type I); (2) round
      small to large capillaries (Type II); (3) sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels
      (Type III), and (4) abnormal arteriole-like microvessels (Type IV). All
      endothelial cells, basement membranes and periendothelial cells in the tumor
      tissue demonstrated changes in structure. The most striking alterations occurred
      in the endothelial cells; there were abnormal endothelial tight junctions,
      altered pinocytotic activity, and thickening. In the tracer study, the reaction
      product of HRP was present around some sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels
      (Type III) and extended to the widened extracellular spaces around the
      microvessels. The endothelial cells of Type III microvessels showed decreased
      nuclear and mitochondrial fractions, and increased euchromatin content and a
      rough endoplasmic reticulum fraction. The pinocytotic vesicles with the HRP
      reaction product in the endothelial cells were not increased in number.
      Fenestrations and gaps of the endothelial cells were observed. These alterations
      of the endothelial cells of sinusoidal or venule-like microvessels (Type III) are
      considered to be the main cause of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in this
      tumor.

PMID- 6837267
TI  - Destruction of external granular layer and subsequent cerebellar abnormalities.

PMID- 6837269
TI  - Spinal radiculoneuropathy in aging rats: demyelination secondary to neuronal
      dwindling?
AB  - Temporal development of radicular demyelination was studied in male albino rats
      examined sequentially throughout the lifespan of the animals. The rats were
      perfusion-fixed with paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde and areas of their
      nervous system including the lumbar spinal roots, the spinal cord, and the
      peripheral sciatic nerve, were embedded in epoxy resin and submitted to
      microscopic examination in semithin and ultrathin sections. In addition, a vital
      fat stain, teasing of single nerve fibers, and estimates of axon diameter and
      fiber number were obtained. Degenerative changes occurred earlier in the distal
      portions of nerve fibers than in the spinal roots. The radicular lesion consisted
      of swelling of myelin and demyelination possibly secondary to shrinkage of axons,
      resulting in focal accumulation of lipid debris within the spinal roots of old
      rats. Although the causation of senile neuronal atrophy affecting rat peripheral
      neurons is not fully obvious, this condition may be exacerbated by such factors
      as pressure on the nerves and hypoactivity.

PMID- 6837268
TI  - A fluorescent microscopy study of biopsied muscles from infantile neuromuscular
      disorders.
AB  - The Acridine Orange (AO) stain for muscle biopsies is particularly useful to
      identify regenerating and ongoing hypertrophic muscle fibers under fluorescent
      microscopy. This method was applied to muscle biopsies from 65 patients who
      suffered from various childhood neuromuscular disorders. While normal fibers
      showed dull green cytoplasm with small green-yellow nuclei, striking fluorescent
      fibers were observed in eight cases of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and 12
      cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); these fibers were characterized as
      follows: (1) small fibers with big oval or spherical nuclei which fluoresced
      strongly with a bright orange color; (2) fibers of various sizes and different
      degrees of orange fluorescence; and (3) opaque fibers with bright yellow
      cytoplasm. The small diameter fibers in Werdnig-Hoffmann (WH) disease, nemaline
      myopathy, and congenital fiber type disproportion failed to show apparent AO-RNA
      fluorescence. Although all the atrophic fibers in Kugelberg-Welander (KW) disease
      showed a vague orange fluorescent color, this was obviously different from that
      of regenerating fibers seen in CMD and DMD. In addition to these findings, the
      hypertrophic fibers in a case of unclassified myopathy also showed moderate
      orange fluorescence around the entire periphery of the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6837270
TI  - Familial megaconial myopathy: a real nosologic entity. Clinical and
      histopathologic studies in two siblings.

PMID- 6837271
TI  - Giant cell astrocytoma with histiocytic infiltrate. Definition of a subgroup of
      monstrocellular brain tumors.
AB  - The neoplastic cells of a monstrocellular brain tumor were poorly differentiated,
      but some had the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of astrocytes.
      Mononuclear cells, mainly histiocytes, were prominent around vessels and
      throughout the tumor, and were even found within tumor giant cells. The lesion
      was a circumscribed nodule, and other features included frequent mitoses,
      perivascular reticulin fibers, and endothelial reaction less severe than usual in
      a poorly differentiated glioma. A surprising number of cerebral giant cell
      neoplasms have had similar morphology, and it is likely that giant cell
      astrocytomas with histiocytic infiltrates form a definite subgroup of these
      tumors that are more amenable to surgical treatment and have a slightly better
      prognosis than the usual poorly differentiated glioma.

PMID- 6837272
TI  - Hexachlorophene-induced degeneration of adrenergic nerves: application of
      quantitative image analysis to Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry.
AB  - Possible toxic effects of hexachlorophene (HCP) on sympathetic adrenergic nerves
      were studied using Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry on whole-mounts of
      albino rat irides. HCP dissolved in 5 microliters DMSO, or DMSO alone, was
      injected into the anterior chamber of the eye. HCP caused a dose-dependent
      degeneration of adrenergic nerves, first observable after 7 micrograms and
      profound after 21 micrograms. One and 3 days after 35 micrograms of HCP there was
      an almost total loss of adrenergic nerves. Regeneration from remaining non
      terminal axons led to an almost complete reformation of the adrenergic nerve
      plexus after 18 days. The results demonstrate a new aspect of hexachlorophene
      neurotoxicity, degeneration of peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals and suggest
      that neurotoxic actions on thin unmyelinated fiber systems should be looked for
      also in the central nervous system (CNS).

PMID- 6837273
TI  - Contribution to the background of Mollaret's meningitis.
AB  - An epidermoid cyst of the 3rd ventricle was verified by necropsy in a man of 60
      with three episodes of Mollaret's aseptic leukocytic-endothelial meningitis. The
      authors accept the interpretation as macrophages of the "endothelial" cells. They
      bring forward evidence for the blastomatous nature of partly cornified epithelial
      cells present in their case. They suggest that cholesterin containing debris
      entering the subarachnoid space from the tumour cysts provoke an aseptic
      "chemical" meningitis of short course.

PMID- 6837274
TI  - Electron-microscopic visualization of binding of antibodies from sera of glioma
      patients on cultured glioma cells.
AB  - Several human cell lines (normal and neoplastic glia, cerebral metastases from
      adenocarcinoma, fibroblasts) were incubated with sera from patients with well and
      poorly differentiated glioma and with sera from healthy donors and then stained
      with PAP complex to define and localize the antibody reaction with cell surface
      antigens by means of electron microscopy. The sera of glioma patients proved to
      contain antibodies which bound the tumor-associated antigenic determinants on the
      cell membranes of gliomas and of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma in
      tissue cultures. Further, absorption testing of the reactive sera on normal
      brain, well-differentiated astrocytoma and cultured glioblastoma cells, together
      with cross-reactivity experiments suggests that at least two antigens or groups
      of antigens are expressed on the glioma cell surface: one shared by well and
      poorly differentiated glioma cells and the other by poorly differentiated glioma
      cells and the cells of cerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 6837278
TI  - Lhermitte-Duclos disease.
AB  - A new case of Lhermitte-Duclos disease (dysplastic gangliocytoma of the
      cerebellum) was recognized in an adult man after neurosurgery. Conventional,
      Golgi, and electron-microscopic investigations support the view that this rare
      lesion results from a progressive hypertrophy of granular cell neurons with
      excess of myelination of their axons in the molecular layer while inducing the
      local disappearance of Purkinje cells and the central core of the cerebellar
      folia. After a follow-up of 4 years, the patient now leads a normal life; no
      recurrence has occurred and no other neuropathologic alteration have been
      detected.

PMID- 6837276
TI  - A brain with two hypophyses in median cleft face syndrome.
AB  - An unusual duplication of the hypophysis is described in a female baby aged 26
      days with a median cleft face syndrome. Malformations of the cranium, brain, and
      spinal cord were confined to the ventral midline. These findings contrast to
      dysraphism, in which anomalies of dorsal neural and/or mesodermal structures are
      common. This rare condition of double hypophysis should also be classified among
      the midline cleft face syndrome in contrast to the formerly recorded cases of
      double hypophysis in partial twinning.

PMID- 6837277
TI  - An unusual case of Pick's disease.
AB  - A man aged 64, with a history of chronic trichloroethylene intoxication,
      presented early headache, impairment of memory, and "stehende Redensarten", later
      on mental deterioration with muteness and oral tendency. He died of
      bronchopneumonia. The brain was studied by light and electron microscopy.
      Numerous inflated cells, intraneuronal argentophil Pick bodies and central
      chromatolysis of neurons were found throughout the cerebral cortex. Widespread
      diffuse fibrillary gliosis was the finding bearing a striking resemblance to
      "progressive subcortical gliosis". Severe loss of nerve cells was observed in the
      temporal lobe (except the posterior of T 1) and moderate or mild loss in the
      gyrus rectus, insula, gyrus cinguli, and partial areas of the frontal, parietal,
      and occipital lobes. By electron microscopy, the argentophil Pick bodies
      consisted of a conglomeration of randomly arranged short 100-150 A filaments,
      ribosomes, vesicles, mitochondria, and scanty paired helical filaments. The
      present case was considered to represent a rare case of Pick's disease of the
      temporo-fronto-parieto-occipital type or panencephalic type.

PMID- 6837279
TI  - The clinical picture of Meniere's disease in the light of glycerin and urea
      tests.
AB  - A mathematical-statistical analysis of the role of glycerin and urea tests in
      patients with Meniere's disease is presented. Using the quantification method for
      multidimensional qualitative data, 13 variables were analysed. The younger the
      patient the stronger was the correlation between age and positive glycerin and
      urea tests. At ages over 50 years, no correlation to positive test results was
      found. The longer the duration of disease, the stronger was the correlation
      between this duration and a positive urea test. The glycerin test showed no
      correlation to the duration of the disease. Hearing losses of 40-69 dB were
      correlated both to a positive glycerin test and to a positive urea test. Greater
      hearing losses were correlated only to a positive glycerin test. Hearing losses
      of less than 39 dB were not correlated to positive results of either the glycerin
      or the urea test. Directional preponderance in the caloric test showed a
      correlation to a positive urea test. On the basis of these results a hypothesis
      has been formulated to explain how glycerin and urea might affect the internal
      ear.

PMID- 6837275
TI  - Bubbles and hematologic alterations in intracranial veins during experimental
      decompression sickness.
AB  - Rats were exposed to 6.1 bar (abs.) air for 90 min and subsequently decompressed
      to the ambient pressure. After a decompression rate of 6.8 bar/min pial veins and
      superior sagittal sinuses were found to contain gas bubbles; no intravascular
      bubbles were observed subsequent to a decompression rate of 1.5 bar/min. Under
      the electron microscope platelet aggregates were observed at both the electron
      dense layer of the blood-bubble interface and in pial veins with no bubbles. It
      is concluded that during decompression sickness bubbles and both activation and
      aggregation of platelets occur in intracranial veins. Subsequent venous
      congestion may contribute to the neuronal lesions and symptoms of acute
      decompression sickness.

PMID- 6837281
TI  - Early development and maturation of the spiral ganglion.
AB  - The maturation of the spiral ganglion and its peripheral pathways to the cochlea
      has been morphologically analysed from birth to the 14th day postnatally, i.e. to
      the time from the onset and during the maturation of cochlear potentials (mouse).
      The spiral ganglion cells and the neurons between the ganglion and habenula
      perforata must attain myelination before action potentials can be elicited.
      Earlier observations that a certain maturation of the organ of Corti is a
      prerequisite for the development of electrophysiological potentials is probably
      only coincidental in time with the structural development of the ganglion and the
      neurons.

PMID- 6837280
TI  - Convergence of central and peripheral signals on vestibular cells.
AB  - Nerve and cortical input convergence patterns, representing the fore- and
      hindlimb, were studied in single cells located in the lateral vestibular nucleus
      of the cat. Deitersian cells responded with excitation to cortical stimulation
      with a latency ranging from 4 to 14 msec, while responses ranged from 9 to 12
      msec to radial nerve stimulation and from 14 to 18 msec to sciatic nerve
      stimulation. Lateral vestibular nuclear neurons responding to radial nerve
      stimulation also receive the main cortical input from the sensorimotor cortical
      area concerned with the forelimb. Neurons responding to sciatic nerve stimulation
      receive an equal cortical input from both fore- and hindlimb areas of the
      sensorimotor cortex. In a few cells different combinations of convergence of
      cortical and peripheral inputs were also observed.

PMID- 6837282
TI  - Chorda tympani nerve fibers in man.
AB  - Four normal human chorda tympani nerves were studied for quantitative data of
      nerve fibers. The average total number of nerve fibers was 5360 (range, 4941
      6020). The average number of unmyelinated fibers was 1835 (range, 1518-2083), or
      34% of the total. The diameters of myelinated fibers ranged from 1 to 7 microns,
      peaking at 2 microns. Most of the unmyelinated axons had a diameter between 0.5
      and 2 microns. The importance of the quantitative evaluation of the chorda
      tympani nerve fibers is stressed in reporting structural changes.

PMID- 6837283
TI  - The microsphere surface technique for evaluation of cochlear vessels and
      circulation. A preliminary report.
AB  - A new technique for the evaluation of cochlear microcirculation and cochlear
      vessels is described. This method is a modification of two previously used
      techniques, the "soft-surface-specimen method" and the "microsphere method". In
      this preliminary paper it was found that the microspheres were easily visualised
      in all cochlear tissues. The absolute and relative distribution of microspheres
      was calculated. The method appears promising for experimental investigations of
      cochlear microcirculation.

PMID- 6837284
TI  - Experimental lipidosis of the inner ear. Morphological and functional results.
AB  - Chronic administration of chlorphentermine in young rats induces an accumulation
      of lysosomes containing phospholipids in the inner ear. The inner hair cells, the
      dark cells of the stria vascularis, the perikarya of the spiral ganglion and some
      supporting cells are those most affected, whereas the outer hair cells always
      remain free. Most of the nerve fibres coursing radially to the inner hair cells
      as well as some tunnel crossing and outer spiral fibres are swollen, filled with
      osmiophilic material and vacuoles and sometimes degenerated. After discontinuing
      the treatment the changes remain, though to a lesser degree. The inclusions lead
      to changes in the cochlear compound action potential. The threshold, the latency
      of the first component and the time difference of the individual components are
      clearly changed at higher sound levels. After stopping chlorphentermine feeding
      the hearing ability improves but it does not become normal. Since the inclusions
      are found mainly in the inner hair cells and nerve fibres, we assume that the
      lipid turnover in these structures is especially high.

PMID- 6837285
TI  - Hearing sensitivity in patients with myxoedema before and after treatment with l
      thyroxine.
AB  - Fifteen patients with confirmed myxoedema, median age 76 years, were
      consecutively referred for audiological evaluation. The diagnosis of myxoedema
      was based on the symptomatology, typical clinical appearance, increased TSH level
      and decreased T4. The audiological evaluation included routine ENT-examination,
      pure-tone octave audiometry, determination of speech reception threshold and
      discrimination score. The function of the middle ear was evaluated by impedance
      audiometry, indicating both middle ear pressure and stapedial reflex thresholds
      elicited by contralateral stimulation. All patients were evaluated in the
      myxoedematous state before treatment with l-thyroxine and reevaluated when
      treated and found euthyroid, both by the clinical investigation and as judged by
      chemical thyroid parameters. Bilateral symmetrical or nearly symmetrical
      sensorineural hearing loss was demonstrated in all patients before treatment. The
      results indicate that in elderly patients with myxoedema no improvement in
      hearing sensitivity can be demonstrated upon l-thyroxine medication. Patients
      with myxoedema at this age demonstrate neither more nor less degree of hearing
      loss when related to an age-matched group of hearing impaired patients. In
      patients with myxoedema the hearing impairment is found to be equal to that of an
      age and sex matched control group exhibiting true age-related hearing loss.

PMID- 6837286
TI  - Hyperthermia increases aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
AB  - Similarities were noted between the nature of inner ear damage produced by loud
      sounds and by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since body temperature affects cochlear
      function and influences the effects of noise on the ear, a similar effect was
      predicted for the aminoglycoside, kanamycin. By environmentally elevating the
      body temperatures of preweanling mice to approximately 1 degree C above that of
      the normal adult, kanamycin ototoxicity was increased (an average 20.4 dB
      threshold elevation, vs. 9.3 dB for kanamycin injected mice reared at room
      temperature). Hyperthermia per se had no influence on auditory thresholds. This
      may be of relevance to humans with fever who are treated with aminoglycoside
      antibiotics.

PMID- 6837287
TI  - Role of the tensor tympani muscle in eustachian tube function.
AB  - In order to determine the role of the tensor tympani muscle in Eustachian tube
      function, pressure changes in the external and middle ear of 13 cats were
      measured under four experimental conditions. It was revealed that contraction of
      the tensor tympani muscle during swallowing did not result in any tympanic
      pressure rise which might assist in tubal ventilation. Acoustic stimulation was
      then used to measure consistent contraction of the tensor tympani muscle.
      Combined contraction of the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscle under
      the condition of positive tympanic pressure failed to open the tube. It was
      concluded that the tensor tympani muscle might not play any part in tubal
      function.

PMID- 6837288
TI  - Transfer of radioisotope from CSF to nasal secretion.
AB  - The physiological range of radioisotope (RI) transferred from the CSF to the
      nasal secretions was observed in 17 subjects without CSF rhinorrhea. A
      combination of RI cisternography and insertion of cotton pledgets in the nose was
      used in order to detect the RI transfer in the nasal secretion. The RI ratio was
      calculated, and those of the 17 subjects were less than 0.3. This is likely to be
      the normal physiological range of RI transfer.

PMID- 6837289
TI  - A subfrontal meningioma with primary origin from the nasal cavity.

PMID- 6837290
TI  - Head and neck carcinoma models. In vivo reproduction in athymic mice and in vitro
      culture.
AB  - 683 tumour fragments from 63 head and neck carcinoma patients were cultured in
      vitro. Two laryngeal carcinomas and two salivary gland carcinomas were
      established into permanent cell lines. Malignancy of these cultured cells was
      proved by cloning, by chromosomal analysis and by transplantation into athymic
      (nu/nu) mice. Experiments demonstrating preservation of histological, biochemical
      and antigenic properties in the tumour models counter the objection that tumour
      specific characteristics may be lost.

PMID- 6837292
TI  - Systolic time intervals in children with heart disease.
AB  - Of the systolic time intervals, the preejection period is known to correlate well
      with invasively measured isometric contraction time, and increase of the quotient
      preejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) is considered to be
      of a good indicator of left ventricular failure. The different systolic time
      intervals have been recorded from the carotid pulse curve from 40 normal
      children, 20 aged five and 20 aged ten years. Their PEP/LVET was 0.31 +/- 0.04.
      Seventy-eight children with different heart diseases were then investigated. In
      patients with congenital total heart block or extrasystoles, there was a negative
      correlation between PEP/LVET and the R-R interval, in accordance with the Frank
      Starling law. In patients with ventricular septal defects PEP/LVET differentiates
      between small and large shunts; the increased PEP/LVET of the latter normalizes
      after operation. The increased PEP/RVET of children with transposition of the
      great arteries is an expression of the inadequacy of the right ventricle as a
      systemic chamber. In aortic stenosis "normalization" of a previously decreased
      PEP/LVET may indicate early left ventricular failure. In primary myocardial
      disease registration of the systolic time intervals enables us to follow the left
      ventricular function more closely than is possible with invasive techniques.

PMID- 6837293
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism: age at start of treatment versus outcome.
AB  - We studied 27 patients with congenital hypothyroidism by neurological and
      psychometric methods. 7 healthy siblings served as a control group for the
      psychometric evaluation. In 7 patients treatment had been started before the age
      of 1 month and in 10 patients after the age of 3 months. Our findings suggest
      that the progressive loss of intelligence potential starts from birth but if
      treatment is begun before the age of 1 month, then intelligence remains within
      normal range. The neurological damage seems to originate partly before birth, but
      more serious injuries arise if treatment is delayed beyond the age of 3 months.

PMID- 6837294
TI  - Deoxycholic and sulpholithocholic acid concentrations in serum during infancy and
      childhood.
AB  - The concentrations of the two secondary bile acids (deoxycholic (DCA) and
      sulpholithocholic (SLCA) acid) were determined by radioimmunoassays in the serum
      of infants and children at ages ranging from 1 hour to 15 years. The same bile
      acids were measured also in the umbilical cord serum. The concentrations of the
      secondary bile acids in the serum of 1-hour old infants corresponded to those in
      the umbilical cord serum. Secondary bile acid serum concentrations were after the
      age of 7 days and up to the age of 3 to 6 months significantly lower than those
      in the umbilical cord serum. After the age of 6 months a significant increase in
      DCA serum concentrations could be shown. During the first 6 months of life DCA
      concentrations were clearly lower than those of SLCA. Our observations suggest
      that in the perinatal period DCA is mainly of maternal origin and that an
      alternate hepatic pathway may exist for the synthesis of lithocholic acid in
      early infancy.

PMID- 6837291
TI  - Intraparotid neurilemmoma.

PMID- 6837295
TI  - Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a retrospective review.
AB  - Over a four-year period (1974-1978), twenty-two infants treated in the Vanderbilt
      Neonatal Intensive Care Unit developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). These
      infants represented 2.5% of those requiring mechanical ventilation during this
      time (920). Thirteen of the twenty-two had the diagnosis of clinical hyaline
      membrane disease (HMD). All required greater than a mean of thirty days of
      positive pressure ventilation and had over sixty days of oxygen exposure.
      Mortality in the first year, including deaths during initial hospitalization, was
      36%. Follow-up chest radiographs, developmental evaluations, physical exams, and
      interval histories were available in eleven of the fourteen survivors. At
      hospital discharge, all survivors were tachypneic and demonstrated intercostal
      retractions and rhonchi. Three of the eleven infants, age 2-4 years at their last
      visit, had a history of repeated bouts of wheezing and recurrent respiratory
      infections. Ten of the eleven infants had serial developmental evaluations. Of
      these, eight had a developmental quotient (DQ) less than 80 when first evaluated
      between six months and a year and their scores did not improve significantly with
      age.

PMID- 6837296
TI  - Cord plasma hypoxanthine as a measure of foetal asphyxia. Comparison with
      clinical assessment and laboratory measures.

PMID- 6837297
TI  - Preterm infants fed human milk attain intrauterine weight gain.
AB  - The adequacy of human milk for low-birth-weight infants remains controversial. In
      this study, 35 healthy preterm infants with gestational age from 31 to 36 weeks
      and a birth weight less than 2200 g, were followed until they attained a weight
      of 2400 g at about 5 to 7 weeks of age. These infants were fed pooled, expressed
      human milk, partly supplemented with their own mother's milk, at intakes of 185
      and 200 ml/kg/day. There were no consistent differences between the feeding
      groups in the rate of gain in weight, length, or head circumference, in serum
      total protein, in acid-base status, or in plasma amino acid concentrations. It is
      concluded that pooled, expressed human milk in volumes of 185 or 200 ml/kg/day
      produces a postnatal weight gain (196 +/- 6 or 205 +/- 7 g/week, respectively) in
      healthy preterm infants with a gestational age over 31 weeks which compares to
      intrauterine weight gain (207 g/week). This growth is achieved without apparent
      metabolic stress.

PMID- 6837298
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine consequences of depriving preterm infants of enteral
      nutrition.
AB  - Plasma enteroglucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, motilin, neurotensin,
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and blood
      glucose, alanine, ketone bodies, lactate and pyruvate were measured on the sixth
      postnatal day in (a) a group of 10 preterm infants who on account of hyaline
      membrane disease had not received enteral feeding since birth and (b) before and
      at 55, 90, and 120 minutes after feeding in a group of healthy preterm infants
      fed three-hourly on human milk. Gut hormones were also measured in umbilical
      venous cord blood. The infants receiving regular boluses of milk from birth
      demonstrated postnatal surges in preprandial concentrations of gut hormones
      together with cyclical hormonal responses to feeding. None of these changes were
      seen in infants receiving intravenous fluids. The latter infants also had lower
      concentrations of blood alanine, glycerol and hydroxybutyrate and lacked the
      phasic changes in intermediary metabolites seen in the infants receiving enteral
      boluses of milk. Thus deprivation of enteral feeding results in a profound
      alteration of the metabolic and endocrine milieu which may have important effect
      on the process of adaptation to postnatal life.

PMID- 6837299
TI  - Growth hormone response to feeding in term and preterm neonates.
AB  - Plasma growth hormone concentrations were measured in 248 healthy term and
      preterm infants. At birth growth hormone concentrations in cord blood from both
      term and preterm babies were approximately 100-fold higher than those in blood
      drawn from healthy adults. By the sixth postnatal day basal pre-feed levels had
      fallen in term neonates by 65% and a marked postprandial rise was apparent;
      preterm infants did not show this initial fall in preprandial hormone levels nor
      was any response to feeding seen. However a fall in preprandial concentrations
      accompanied by the development of postprandial surges in growth hormone occurred
      during the next 2 weeks so that by 24 days the postprandial rise was similar to
      that of term neonates on the sixth day. We conclude that although the initial
      postnatal changes in plasma growth hormone concentrations are different in
      preterm and term infants, feeding is a major stimulus to growth hormone secretion
      in both groups of neonates. Further work is needed to define the precise role of
      this hormone in neonatal metabolic adaptation.

PMID- 6837300
TI  - Essential fatty acids in phosphoglycerides of human milk. Milk from mothers of
      term and preterm infants.
AB  - 35 milk samples from 19 women giving birth between 28 and 41 weeks of gestation
      were studied. The samples were collected on the 3rd, 10th and 21st postpartum
      days. The phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fatty acids were
      analyzed. In this report the proportion of linoleic acid is shown to be
      significantly lower in colostrum from mothers giving birth prematurely in
      comparison to colostrum from mothers giving birth at term. No other differences
      were found in relation to post conception age.

PMID- 6837301
TI  - Social factors and life events as predictors for children's health. A one-year
      prospective study within a general practice.
AB  - During a period of one year information was obtained concerning social
      background, life events and diseases among children, who happened to consult the
      general practitioner. One year after this index consultation information
      concerning the children's present state of health was obtained. 43 (13%) had been
      admitted to hospital during the follow-up year. 45 (12%) had had more than 5
      consultations at the general practitioner, and the parents of 23 children (6%)
      stated that their child had poor health. A multivariate predictor-analysis was
      performed. The associations discovered suggest 1) that the selected social or
      psycho-social factors do not appear to be of considerable importance for
      prediction of later hospitalization, 2) that indices for short-term psycho-social
      stress appear to increase the risk for many consultations at the general
      practitioner, 3) that "poor health" in the children is partly predicted by
      indices for more longterm psycho-social stress.

PMID- 6837303
TI  - Cystic fibrosis hydrolases are taken up by cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 6837302
TI  - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry.

PMID- 6837304
TI  - Difference in renal handling of cefsulodin between patients with cystic fibrosis
      and normal subjects.

PMID- 6837305
TI  - Stroke due to fibromuscular hyperplasia of the internal carotid artery.
AB  - An 11-year-old girl developed an ischemic stroke syndrome a few minutes after she
      had been swimming in a swimming pool. The motor deficit of the extremities
      reversed within 24 hours. The patient was discharged on the 6th hospital week
      with a completely recuperated neurological function. The left internal carotid
      arteriogram showed typical "string of beads" appearance of segmental
      fibromuscular hyperplasia.

PMID- 6837306
TI  - Efficacy of diazoxide in preventing hypoglycemia in a child affected by
      hypopituitary dwarfism.
AB  - An observation is reported of the efficacy of diazoxide (10 mg/kg/24 h) in the
      prevention of hypoglycemic crises in a child with growth hormone deficiency. The
      success of the therapy may be attributed to a reduction of glucose uptake induced
      by the drug, rather than to the inhibition of insulin secretion which is already
      depressed in subjects affected by growth hormone deficiency. The availability of
      a drug with no serious and irreversible side effects, capable of preventing
      hypoglycemic crises in patients with hormone deficiency, seems to be important
      whenever it is not possible to immediately start a replacement therapy.

PMID- 6837307
TI  - Basal cells of the human bronchiole.
AB  - Basal cells of human bronchioles were studied by light and electron microscopic
      histochemistry, and compared with basal cells of major bronchi. Bronchiolar basal
      cells were found isolated or in isolated groups of a few linked cells. On the
      other hand, the basal cells of the major bronchi form virtually continuous layers
      covering the basement membrane. Bronchiolar basal cells were different in
      ultrastructure and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-ase) activity from basal cells of
      major bronchi. Bronchiolar basal cells showed intense ALP-ase activity on the
      plasma membrane, but basal cells of the major bronchi showed no activity. Basal
      cells of bronchioles were flattened, triangular or trapezoid in shape, and showed
      different organelle features from those of basal cells of major bronchi. ALP-ase
      positive bronchiolar flattened basal cells with pinocytoic vesicles were not
      myoepithelial cells, since actin was not demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.
      The role of basal cells in the renewal of epithelium appeared to be that of stem
      cells in both major bronchi and bronchioles, since basal cells of bronchioles
      appeared to differentiate directly to Clara cells, and to become ciliated cells
      via intermediate cells.

PMID- 6837308
TI  - Epidermoid carcinoma arising in parotid adenolymphomatous lesion with
      microdeposit of amyloid substance.
AB  - A case of an epidermoid carcinoma which arose in a cystic adenolymphoma-like
      lesion of the parotid gland is presented. Histologically, in the major part, the
      tumor tissue showed a papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum-like pattern with the
      stroma consisting of mainly plasma cells and lymphocytes, but the epithelial
      element was mostly multilayered, showing a keratinous differentiation. In some
      areas, sebaceous-like cells and oxyphilic cells were found in the epithelial
      component. In the surrounding fibrous tissue, the invasive growth of the
      epithelial cells could be observed. Microdeposit of amyloid substance was found
      in the lymphoid stromal tissue and also in the intercellular space of the
      epithelial element. A mass of epithelioid cells and cholesterol crystal clefts
      were observed in the granulomatous tissue which proliferated around the tumor
      tissues. About 4 months after surgical excision, a recurrent tumor, which was
      well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, appeared on the same site as the
      primary tumor.

PMID- 6837309
TI  - T-zone histiocytes with S100 protein. Development and distribution in human
      fetuses.
AB  - Histiocytic cells with S100 protein compose a cell lineage independent of the
      monocyte-macrophage system. Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells in the skin
      and oral mucosa, interdigitating cells in the T-zone of the lymph node, and other
      lymphoid tissues belong to this cell lineage. In addition to these cells, small
      S100+ cells showed morphological transition to large histiocytes. In human
      fetuses, a large number of S100+ lysozyme- NCA- cells first appeared in the
      thymic medulla by the end of the third month of gestation, and rapidly
      disseminated to the various lymphoid organs in accordance with the spread of T
      lymphocytes during the fourth month of gestation. S100+ small cells were more
      frequent than large cells and showed more rapid dissemination in the early stage.
      S100- lysozyme+ NCA+ immature macrophages appeared in the liver, spleen, lymph
      node anlage, and other tissues at the second month of gestation, and their
      distribution was completely different from S100+ histiocytes. Fetal development
      of T-zone histiocytes with S100 protein supported the hypothesis that there are
      two histiocytic cell lines; one is the monocyte-macrophage system, another is the
      S100+ T-zone histiocyte system.

PMID- 6837310
TI  - Undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland with bizarre giant cells.
      Clinicopathologic report with ultrastructural study.
AB  - A rare autopsy case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland with
      bizarre giant cells is reported. Grossly, the tumor was fist-sized, firm, solid,
      grayish-white in color, and was not encapsulated, with a bean-sized ulceration on
      the skin. Microscopical examination revealed undifferentiated carcinoma of the
      parotid gland composed of bizarre giant cells, large tumor cells, and spindle
      cells in part. Ultrastructural examination, recovered from formalin-fixed
      material, disclosed filamentous structure in some large tumor cells. It is
      strongly suggested that myoepithelial cells played an important role in the
      development of the undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland. The clinical
      and histopathological characteristics of this case is described, and the
      literature concerning undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland is
      reviewed.

PMID- 6837311
TI  - Generalized sarcoidosis with "sarcoid aortitis".

PMID- 6837312
TI  - The role of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in the induction of atherosclerosis in swine
      and rabbit by hypervitaminosis D.
AB  - Fibromuscular intimal thickening was seen in the ascending and thoracic aorta of
      the swine fed 62,500 IU of vitamin D3/kg of diet for three months duration; and
      after 3 months of vitamin D3 withdrawal, atherosclerotic lesions were found. In
      rabbits, pronounced aortic smooth muscle cell necrosis developed with the forced
      feeding of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 dissolved in corn oil/kg body weight/day for 14
      days. Serum analyses indicated that blood calcium did not differ from that of
      animals fed corn oil alone, but that the level of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3
      measured by HPLC was 30 times that in the control animals. These data suggest
      that choleclaciferol (the oxidized sterol with vitamin D3 activity) has a very
      destructive influence on the integrity of arterial wall, and that smooth muscle
      cell necrosis could be caused by enhanced membrane permeability to Ca2+ following
      25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 incorporation into smooth muscle cell membranes.

PMID- 6837313
TI  - Ultrastructural study of Ni3S2-induced tumors in rats.
AB  - An ultrastructural study was conducted on a total of 24 tumors selected from 70
      tumors induced by intramuscular injection of Ni3S2 in Fischer and Hooded rats.
      Well differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas were predominantly composed of strap-like
      cells containing numerous myofilaments occasionally forming S-line-like
      structures, whereas poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas were made up mainly
      of round or oval cells with abundant cytoplasm. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas
      contained cells resembling the mast cells in myxomatous areas as well as spindle
      shaped myoblast-like cells. Mesenchymal tumors exhibited morphological
      characteristics of the lymphoid cells. The tumor cells from leiomyosarcoma-like
      tumors showed myoblast-like appearance. Tumors diagnosed as fibrosarcoma-like
      tumors at the light microscopic level demonstrated the ultrastructural
      characteristics of fibrosarcomas. The possibility of a multicentric origin of the
      tumor cells in Ni3S2-induced tumors has been discussed.

PMID- 6837314
TI  - Application of spectropolarimetry in drug analysis. VII. Difference
      spectropolarimetric determination of 17-ketosteroid impurity in ethynylsteroids.

PMID- 6837315
TI  - [Comparison of the structure and protonation parameters of pyrido(1,2
      alpha)pyrimidine derivatives].

PMID- 6837317
TI  - [Liberation of the active ingredient from pharmaceutical microcapsules].

PMID- 6837316
TI  - [Antiflatulent effect studied on animal experiments].

PMID- 6837318
TI  - [Microcapsulation by spray drying].

PMID- 6837319
TI  - [Standardization of multi-component tea mixtures].

PMID- 6837320
TI  - Hepatic elimination of femoxetine in pig.
AB  - Hepatic elimination of femoxetine was studied in seven anaesthetized 40 kg pigs
      by means of constant rate infusions of 3-41 mg/min. (8.6-118 mumol/min.) into the
      portal vein. The elimination followed saturation kinetics (Michaelis-Menten
      constants: Vmax 12 mg . min.-1 . kg-1 liver; Km 1.3 mg . 1-1 blood) and was
      characterised by high hepatic extraction, due to metabolism. The hepatic output
      of the active metabolite, nor-femoxetine, was very low, indicating that other
      metabolic pathways than demethylation were more important in the pig. The high
      hepatic elimination in the pig corresponds to the high first pass effect, earlier
      found in man, and it depends upon the infusion rate as well as the total dose.

PMID- 6837321
TI  - The influence of some thiols on biliary excretion of methyl mercury.
AB  - N-Acetylpenicillamine and thiola increased biliary excretion of methyl mercury
      and sulfhydryl right after administration. Cysteine increased excretion of methyl
      mercury in bile after a temporary decrease following administration. During the
      interval of decreased mercury excretion biliary excretion of cysteine passed
      through a maximum. This indicates the existence of a common factor of the
      excretory systems for cysteine and methyl mercury and illustrates that cysteine
      cannot carry methyl mercury from liver to bile. Relatively large proportions of
      unchanged thiola and N-acetylpenicillamine were excreted in bile. Bile collected
      after administration of one of these compounds, in addition to thiola or N
      acetylpenicillamine, contained other methyl mercury carrying components not
      present in control bile. From the experiments undertaken it cannot be stated
      whether these components play any role in the increased excretion of methyl
      mercury in bile caused by thiola and N-acetylpenicillamine. The mechanisms of
      increased biliary excretion of methyl mercury following administration of N
      acetylpenicillamine, thiola and cysteine are discussed.

PMID- 6837322
TI  - Muscarinic receptor binding in the guinea pig urinary bladder.
AB  - The muscarinic receptors in the guinea pig urinary bladder and the longitudinal
      muscle of the guinea pig ileum were studied by means of a receptor-binding
      technique. 1-Quinuclidinyl [phenyl 4-3H]benzilate ((-)3H-QNB) was employed as
      radio-ligand and the separation of bound from free (-) 3H-QNB was performed by
      microcentrifugation. Under conditions of equilibrium (-)3H-QNB was specifically
      bound with high affinity to a limited number of sites, 0.32 and 1.62 pmol/mg
      protein in the bladder and ileum, respectively. The binding appeared to represent
      a single population of non-interacting binding sites. The apparent dissociation
      constants were 2.6 x 10(-10) M in the bladder and 1.2 x 10(-9) M in the ileum,
      whereas the KD-values, estimated by extrapolation to an infinitely low receptor
      concentration were 1.1 x 10(-10) M (bladder) and 3.1 x 10(-10) M (ileum). The
      binding of (-)3H-QNB appears to represent an interaction with muscarinic
      receptors, as it was effectively inhibited by muscarinic antagonists and
      agonists, but not by a variety of non-cholinergic drugs.

PMID- 6837323
TI  - Characterization and stability of rat liver microsomes isolated by a rapid gel
      filtration method.

PMID- 6837325
TI  - Psychophysiological measurements after oral atropine in man.
AB  - Eight healthy male volunteers received double-blind and cross-over placebo or
      atropine (0.85 or 1.7 mg). Various physiological, psychological and psychomotor
      measurements were made before a single oral dose and 1, 2 and 4 hrs after it.
      Typical peripheral antimuscarinic effects were found after atropine, maximally at
      2-4 hrs. Atropine impaired flicker recognition, reaction time, short-time, short
      term memory, coordination, time anticipation and standing steadiness. The CNS
      impairment was maximal at 1 hr and dose-related in most instances.

PMID- 6837324
TI  - Effect of styrene on glutathione content and some xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes
      of rat kidney.

PMID- 6837326
TI  - An improved microscale HPLC assay for naproxen plasma levels.

PMID- 6837327
TI  - The effects of fluoride on cell growth of two human cell lines and on DNA and
      protein synthesis in HeLa cells.
AB  - The effect of sodium fluoride on the growth of two continuous human cell lines,
      i.e. HeLa cells and human conjunctiva clone 1-5C-4 cells, was studied. The growth
      of HeLa cells and clone 1-5C-4 cells was arrested nearly completely by the
      addition of 0.95 and 1,90 mM of sodium fluoride, respectively. DNA synthesis in
      HeLa cells, determined by incorporation of 3H-thymidine, was not affected
      appreciably for the first 24-hr period after the addition of sodium fluoride.
      Markedly reduced incorporation, however, occurred during the next 24-hr period.
      Thus, there was a discrepancy between the immediate cessation of cell division
      and the delayed suppression of DNA synthesis. On the other hand, a suppressive
      effect of sodium fluoride on protein synthesis determined by 14C-leucine
      incorporation was evident already during the first 24-hr period. The results
      indicate that the inhibition of protein synthesis is the main cause of growth
      inhibition.

PMID- 6837329
TI  - Echocardiography in lone atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Twenty-seven consecutive patients with suspected lone atrial fibrillation were
      studied by M-mode echocardiography. Echocardiography disclosed structural or
      functional cardiac abnormalities in only two (12%) of 17 patients without any
      sign of underlying heart disease by history or physical examination, whereas an
      accompanying or underlying cardiac disorder was found in 6 (60%) of 10 patients
      with ambiguous clinical findings. It is concluded that echocardiography is of
      minor value in patients with lone atrial fibrillation if symptoms and signs of
      other cardiac disorders are totally absent, but the presence of even minor or
      ambiguous clinical abnormalities seems to be a clear indication for
      echocardiography in these patients. It is, however, emphasized that
      echocardiography appears to guide the clinical management in less than 20% of
      patients with clinically suspected lone atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 6837328
TI  - Formate concentrations in plasma from patients poisoned with methanol.
AB  - Formate and methanol were quantified in blood samples from 11 untreated methanol
      poisoned subjects. The range for whole blood methanol concentrations was 0-137
      mmol/l and for plasma formate concentrations 0.4-17.1 mmol/l. Simultaneously
      determined acid-base status and serum electrolyte concentrations allowed
      assessment of the relative importance of formate accumulation for the acidosis.
      The plasma formate concentration was highly correlated to both the calculated
      anion gap (r = 0.833), the bicarbonate concentration (r = 0.852) and the negative
      base excess (r = 0.865). The accumulation of formate fully accounted for the
      increase in the anion gap and the fall in plasma bicarbonate, whereas the
      negative base excess values were about 22% higher than the plasma formate
      concentration. We conclude that formate accumulation is the main or only reason
      for acidosis in the early, uncomplicated stages of methanol poisoning. Lactate
      may appear at more advanced stages.

PMID- 6837330
TI  - ECG abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis.
AB  - The frequency and type of some abnormal ECG findings in 86 consecutive patients
      with intrathoracic sarcoidosis were studied and compared with 86 age- and sex
      matched healthy controls. All ECGs from the patients and controls were mixed and
      evaluated blindly by one of the investigators. Ectopic beats were seen in 6
      patients in the sarcoidosis group and in 3 individuals in the control group.
      Patients with stage III sarcoidosis had more conduction defects compared with
      stage I and II patients and with the controls. Repolarization disturbances were
      found in 17 patients and 6 controls. These disturbances were more common in
      patients with stage I and II than in those with stage III sarcoidosis. The total
      number of patients with some ECG abnormality was 27 compared to 12 controls.

PMID- 6837331
TI  - Prevalence of iron overload in central Sweden.
AB  - An increase in the iron content of food may be harmful to people with genetic
      hemochromatosis. We studied the prevalence of this disorder in Sweden, which is
      the country with the world's highest iron fortification of food. Serum ferritin
      and transferrin (TIBC) saturation levels were used as initial screening methods.
      Three (0.5%) of 623 males aged 30-39 years were found to have genetic
      hemochromatosis. Family studies revealed 10 additional homozygotic family
      members. A prevalence of 0.5% of homozygotes (q2) implies a gene frequency (q) of
      6.9% or a heterozygote frequency (2 x Q) of 13.8%. The high gene frequency may be
      explained by a possible genetic advantage of heterozygotes in the past. We
      conclude that idiopathic hemochromatosis is not as rare as previously thought.
      Affected persons should be detected and treated before irreversible organ damage
      occurs. This study demonstrates that serum ferritin levels together with TIBC
      saturation levels are adequate methods for screening populations.

PMID- 6837332
TI  - Iliac crest biopsy in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. A method study.
AB  - The Burkhardt instrument is a useful tool for obtaining bone biopsies from the
      iliac crest in order to study bone tissue. Information on bone mass, however, is
      rather unreliable and iliac crest biopsy has also a low predictive value for
      spinal bone mass, whereas estimation of osteoid is more useful and this variable
      cannot be studied by any other means. Even if the precision is only 20% or even
      less, the differences between patients are considerable and useful information
      can therefore be obtained. It was demonstrated in an unselected group of patients
      that, even if the number of cases which could be classified as osteomalacia was
      small, there were significant deviations in the amount of osteoid in many groups.

PMID- 6837333
TI  - Self-poisoning with prazosin.

PMID- 6837334
TI  - Prolonged campylobacter gastroenteritis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 6837335
TI  - Alcohol--flush, heart and blood.

PMID- 6837336
TI  - Drunkenness, hangover, and the heart.
AB  - Cardiac effects of ethanol ingestion (1.75 g/kg within 3 hours) were examined in
      8 healthy males by echocardiography and systolic time intervals in a controlled
      study. Heart rate (HR) was increased by 15% (p less than 0.05) during
      intoxication when blood ethanol (mean +/- SD) was 33.7 +/- 4.1 mmol/l. Left
      ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension was simultaneously shortened by 4% (p
      less than 0.01) and LV end-systolic dimension by 3% (p less than 0.05). Stroke
      volume was reduced by 12% (p less than 0.05). Most subjects experienced hangover
      symptoms 12 hours after the beginning of ethanol intake; blood ethanol was 8.8 +/
      4.0 mmol/l. At this time, HR was raised by 17% (p less than 0.05), ejection
      fraction by 7% (p less than 0.05), and circumferential fiber shortening velocity
      by 19% (p less than 0.01); total peripheral resistance was decreased by 17% (p
      less than 0.001). The resultant increase in cardiac output amounted to 22% (p
      less than 0.01). In short, the main effect of ethanol at modest blood
      concentrations was to reduce LV preload without detectably impairing myocardial
      performance. Hangover was characterized by vasodilation as well as intensified LV
      myocardial and pump performances.

PMID- 6837337
TI  - Alcohol and the heart. Intense hemodynamic changes associated with alcohol flush
      in orientals.
AB  - To evaluate the hemodynamic changes related to alcohol flush, the effects of
      ethanol intake (0.5 g/kg) were studied by echocardiography and systolic time
      intervals in 10 Finnish and 9 Japanese healthy volunteers. In 5 Japanese
      subjects, post-drink facial flush was associated with elevated blood acetaldehyde
      (peak levels 20-83 mumol/l) and marked cardiocirculatory stimulation. Heart rate
      was increased directly post ingestion by 65% (p less than 0.01), stroke index by
      23% (p less than 0.05), and cardiac index by 106% (p less than 0.05). Diastolic
      blood pressure was simultaneously decreased by 23% (p less than 0.05), peripheral
      vascular resistance by 54% (p less than 0.01), and circumferential wall stress by
      22% (p less than 0.05); ejection fraction was raised by 26% (p less than 0.01).
      The other Japanese and the Finnish subjects had no detectable acetaldehyde in
      blood after ethanol ingestion. The average hemodynamic alterations in them were
      similar in direction to the changes presented above, but quantitatively 6-10
      times smaller (p less than 0.005 for each of these variables). Thus, in Orientals
      with genetically defective acetaldehyde oxidation, ingestion of even small
      amounts of alcohol evokes intense enhancement of left ventricular function,
      probably because of acetaldehyde-induced catecholamine release and peripheral
      vasodilation.

PMID- 6837338
TI  - Increased total serum IgE in alcoholics.
AB  - Total serum IgE concentrations were measured in 106 male alcoholics with current
      alcohol abstinence of varying duration. The influence of smoking habits and
      clinical atopy on IgE levels was considered. The majority (91%) of the alcoholics
      were smokers and 26% suffered from possible clinical atopy. The geometric mean
      IgE in non-atopic, smoking alcoholics was 42 kU/l and significantly higher than
      the mean IgE level, 19 kU/l, in age-matched, smoking, non-atopic male
      participants in a general health survey (p less than 0.001). The IgE levels
      declined with the length of the alcohol abstinence period. Alcoholics, serially
      followed after a heavy drinking spree, showed a uniform pattern of declining IgE
      levels during a fortnight of abstinence (p less than 0.001). No link was noted
      between total IgE levels and the extent of liver affection as estimated by
      various serum variables (bilirubin, aminotransferases, gamma-GT, IgG, IgA and
      IgM) or galactose tolerance test. The increased IgE levels in alcoholics are
      suggested to reflect an influence of ethanol on T lymphocytes regulating the IgE
      synthesis. Such a proposed effect of ethanol on cellular immunity may contribute
      to certain organic alcohol diseases, but does not appear to influence the
      frequency of clinical atopy, being similar in our patient group and in the
      general population of the same geographic area.

PMID- 6837339
TI  - Traumatic primary brain stem haemorrhage. A clinical and experimental study.
AB  - We report 36 cases of post-traumatic "primary brain stem haemorrhage" visualized
      by the CT scan and confirmed at autopsy. Clinical experience shows that many
      technical factors influence the inability to visualize brain stem haemorrhages.
      Experimental injection of fresh blood into the pons and midbrain of cadavers
      shows that lesions as small as 0.25 ml in volume may be visualized. The volume
      and the anatomical configuration of traumatic lesions of the brain stem extended
      over a rostro-caudal direction, and their proximity to bony structures at the
      base of the skull are obstacles to the visualization of brain stem haemorrhages.

PMID- 6837340
TI  - Trans-sphenoidal surgery for suprasellar pituitary adenomas.
AB  - The introduction of the trans-sphenoidal approach has not only made intrasellar
      tumours removable, but has proved also to be a safe method for ablation of
      suprasellar tumour extension. Experiences with 154 suprasellar pituitary adenomas
      in a series of 278 trans-sphenoidal operations are presented. Results are
      compared to those in the literature, suggesting that this technique is possible
      also for higher risk elderly patients.

PMID- 6837342
TI  - Subdural effusions re-appearing after shunts in patients with non-tumoural
      stenosis of the aqueduct.
AB  - Three patients shunted for non-tumoural stenosis of the aqueduct suffered from
      progressive clinical symptoms about four months after the shunting. Computed
      tomography (CT) showed bilateral subdural effusions. The effusions were
      evacuated, and the shunts revised. One month later all patients suffered from
      symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, and CT showed enlargement of the
      supratentorial cerebral ventricles. The effusions had disappeared. After shunt
      revision the symptoms decreased again. The fluctuation in the ventricular size,
      the thickness of the subdural effusions, and the clinical deterioration were
      related to the change in the opening pressure of the shunt valve in all patients.
      Patients with large supratentorial cerebral ventricles (Evans index over 0.40)
      should be monitored by intraventricular pressure recording in order to select the
      exact opening pressure of the shunt valve before inserting a relieving shunt; a
      clinical check-up and a CT examination should be carried out about three months
      after the operation in order to investigate any changes in the function of the
      shunt.

PMID- 6837343
TI  - Cystic cavernous haemangiomas of the brain.
AB  - Two cases of cystic cavernous haemangioma of the brain are reported. In both
      cases, an erroneous diagnosis of cystic glioma was made, because of the unusual
      CT scan findings. Cavernous haemangiomas should be included in the differential
      diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions.

PMID- 6837341
TI  - Civilian gunshot wounds: the limits of salvageability.
AB  - Patients who have suffered gunshot wounds in civilian settings, who present with
      posturing and in whom the bullet has passed through the geographical centre of
      the brain have generally not been felt to be salvageable. However, surprisingly
      favourable outcomes in two such patients have led us to believe that some such
      patients may deserve aggressive treatment.

PMID- 6837344
TI  - The thermic vascular anastomosis (TVA). IV. Analysis by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - In the present study 48 thermic vascular anastomoses performed in Sprague Dawley
      Wistar rats were subjected to analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Depending
      on the period of postoperative survival (up to 18 months) normal smooth
      endothelium, dissected cuffs and aneurysms were seen. Endothelial damage through
      heat application following bipolar coagulation was only slight. In one 18 months
      old anastomosis an aneurysm with a delicate network of endothelialized filaments
      was seen leaving a free passage for the blood flow centrally. A comparison of the
      literature describing the healing processes of intima following various traumas
      is made.

PMID- 6837345
TI  - Treatment of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. A retrospective analysis of
      74 consecutive cases with special reference to computertomographic data.
AB  - The surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SIH) is still a
      matter of controversy, although most Neurosurgeons agree that surgery is
      indicated in selected cases. The introduction of computer tomography (CT) permits
      a more accurate determination of the localization, size and expansion of an
      intracerebral haemorrhage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of
      surgical and conservative therapy in selected cases and to search for parameters
      that could help to predict the outcome and facilitate the decision between
      surgery and conservative therapy. Seventy-four patients treated following SIH
      during the years 1976-1980 were analyzed. The decision for surgical treatment was
      made on the basis of the patient's conditions and the findings in the CT scan.
      Thirty-nine patients with mainly medium-sized haemorrhages underwent surgery and
      35 were conservatively treated. The mortality after three months was 5/39 (13%)
      in the surgical and 7/35 (20%) in the conservative group. The volume of
      haemorrhage was significantly larger in the patients who died and 9/10 patients
      with a haematoma volume above 80 ml died. Five of these 10 were operated and the
      other 5 not and surgery seemed to be of little benefit to this group. Dilatation
      of the contralateral ventricle is another indicator of a bad prognosis. Long-term
      follow-up investigation was carried out 4-38 months after the initial treatment.
      Total mortality was 19 out of 68 patients that could be reached for late follow
      up. Eleven patients (29%) were fully recovered and 16 had minor neurological
      deficits. There was no difference in late results between the surgical and the
      conservative groups, but the patients in the surgical group were generally in a
      worse condition and had larger haemorrhages that the others. The fact that the
      total mortality in this material is lower than in other conservatively treated
      series favours surgery in selected cases of SIH. The use of CT gives valuable
      information as to the prognosis and especially the volume of haemorrhage seems to
      be a good prognostic factor.

PMID- 6837346
TI  - Prognosis in intracerebral haemorrhage.
AB  - A retrospective study of 244 cases of ICH of mixed aetiology was made in respect
      of clinical course, outcome, and CT findings. Those factors found to be of
      prognostic significance were: Glasgow coma score on admission, clot volume,
      degree of midline shift, degree of intraventricular blood, and deterioration in
      the first postictal 48 hours. Those who required surgical evacuation after 48
      hours of onset had a low mortality of 3% compared to 34% in those requiring
      earlier operation and 27% in the series as a whole. Small haematomas still
      carried an appreciable mortality and did not bias outcome in the various
      aetiological groups, although hypertension on admission appeared to be a helpful
      diagnostic pointer.

PMID- 6837347
TI  - Increased incidence of bleeding intracranial aneurysms in Greenlandic Eskimos.
AB  - In the six-year period 1976-1981 the incidence of bleeding of intracranial
      saccular aneurysms in Greenlandic Eskimos was compared retrospectively to that in
      Caucasian Danes. The study comprises only patients admitted to a Neurosurgical
      Department. Criteria for admission and diagnosis were similar in the two
      populations. Incidence rates for all ages were 9.3 and 3.1 per 100,000 population
      per year among Eskimos and Caucasian Danes, respectively. Weighting differences
      between the two populations regarding population size, age distribution and
      number of patients, the relative risk for Eskimos compared with Caucasian Danes
      was 4.4 (95% confidence limits 2.9-6.5). In an attempt to account for this
      finding, the possibility of different connective tissue properties in the two
      populations is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6837348
TI  - Responsiveness disturbances in patients with epileptogenic cerebral tumours.
AB  - A polygraphic study of the somatic, autonomic, and EEG components of the
      orienting reaction elicited by an auditory stimulus was performed in 41 patients
      with epileptogenic cerebral tumours and in 128 matched subjects in three control
      groups. The study showed a significantly more intense orienting reaction in
      patients with epileptogenic cerebral tumours than in control subjects. The
      intensification degree depended on the tumour site and size as well as on the
      seizure electro-clinical form and frequency.

PMID- 6837349
TI  - Chronic extradural haematomas.

PMID- 6837350
TI  - Comparative analysis of experimental epidural and subarachnoid bleedings in dogs.
AB  - The difference in the course and the lethal mechanism between intracranial,
      subarachnoid and epidural bleedings was studied in a dog model under varying
      conditions. Subarachnoid bleedings were usually shortlasting, self-restricting,
      and generally survivable. The epidural bleedings differed quantitatively and
      qualitatively from the subarachnoid bleedings in being larger and having a longer
      duration. The difference seems related mainly to the development of an arterio
      venous shunt in the epidural space during the bleeding. It is suggested that the
      epidural arterio-venous shunt may be of importance for the course and the lethal
      mechanism in epidural bleeding.

PMID- 6837351
TI  - Porphyrin photosensitization.

PMID- 6837352
TI  - Factors governing the mechanism and efficiency of porphyrin-sensitized
      photooxidations in homogeneous solutions and organized media.

PMID- 6837353
TI  - Photodynamic action of protoporphyrin on resealed erythrocyte membranes:
      mechanisms of release of trapped markers.
AB  - Photoactivation of protoporphyrin IX (PP) bound to resealed human erythrocyte
      (RBC) ghosts results in membrane damage which is manifested by the release of
      trapped markers Na+ and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Efflux of Na+ was rapid,
      continuous, and virtually complete before the onset of G6P efflux. The sugar
      phosphate emerged abruptly after a long lag. The antioxidant butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT) had no effect on the permeation of Na+, but greatly
      suppressed that of G6P. These results suggest that the markers are emitted via
      different mechanisms. For G6P, disruption of the bilayer by free radical lipid
      peroxidation appears to be necessary, inasmuch as BHT inhibited peroxidation as
      measured by thiobarbituric acid reactivity and appearance of phospholipid and
      cholesterol hydroperoxides on thin layer chromatograms. It is deduced that non
      lipid damage is sufficient for Na+ release. This effect is manifested at low
      light intensities and low PP concentrations. Protein regulators of passive cation
      permeability may be the primary targets in this case. When sensitive sulfhydryl
      groups on these proteins were blocked with p-chloromercuri-benzene-sulfonate, Na+
      leaked out rapidly, but G6P was unaffected, thereby mimicking the early stages of
      membrane photodamage.

PMID- 6837354
TI  - Photodynamic membrane damage.

PMID- 6837355
TI  - Excited state interactions of protoporphyrin IX and related porphyrins with
      molecular oxygen in solutions and in organized assemblies.

PMID- 6837357
TI  - Heatstroke.

PMID- 6837356
TI  - Thermal distribution during photoradiation therapy.

PMID- 6837359
TI  - Cytoprotection of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

PMID- 6837358
TI  - Urinary tract infection.

PMID- 6837360
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: a comprehensive approach.

PMID- 6837361
TI  - Imaging of the gallbladder.

PMID- 6837363
TI  - Estrogen treatment of postmenopausal women.

PMID- 6837362
TI  - Advances in CT assessment of metabolic and endocrine disorders.
AB  - Advances in diagnostic imaging of endocrine disorders are occurring rapidly. In
      certain disease entities, such as Cushing's disease, pheochromocytoma, primary
      aldosteronism, and islet cell tumors, noninvasive imaging techniques like CT have
      become the initial diagnostic imaging procedures of choice. In other disorders,
      such as hyperparathyroidism, carcinoid, and thyroid disease, CT is making
      important contributions, and further advances can be anticipated.

PMID- 6837364
TI  - Aspects of modern otolaryngological practice. First Congress of the ASEAN
      Otorhinolaryngological Federation. Pattaya, December 9-13, 1981.

PMID- 6837365
TI  - Vestibular neuronitis--its clinical characteristics.
AB  - Several parts of a nationwide survey of the epidemiology of vestibular neuronitis
      were reported. Follow-up studies of vestibular neuronitis were made. The computed
      galvanic body-sway test (Yamaguchi University) obtained from 10 patients with
      vestibular neuronitis showed a peculiar 'slow and sluggish' pattern. In the
      course of the illness, this slow and sluggish pattern changed its appearance and
      soon resembled the pattern obtained from the opposite, healthy side. Improvement
      of the abnormal pattern was observed in 7 patients (observation period 6 months
      to 6 years, averaging 33 months). 3 other patients (observation period 1 month to
      1 year, averaging 5.3 months) showed no improvement in the pattern. These
      findings suggest that the conductivity of the vestibular nerve affected by
      vestibular neuronitis has an increasing chance for recovery.

PMID- 6837366
TI  - Electric response audiometry: the morphology of normal responses.

PMID- 6837367
TI  - Brainstem electrical response audiometry.

PMID- 6837368
TI  - Otosclerosis, a universal disease.

PMID- 6837369
TI  - Loudness of tinnitus: an approach to measurement.

PMID- 6837371
TI  - Methods of early identification of hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 6837370
TI  - Deafness as a world problem.

PMID- 6837372
TI  - Early fitting of hearing aids and early education for the severely to profoundly
      hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 6837373
TI  - Speech rehabilitation in Japan.

PMID- 6837374
TI  - Zygomycosis in otorhinolaryngological practice.

PMID- 6837376
TI  - Current management of laryngotracheal injury.

PMID- 6837377
TI  - The vertiginous syndrome.

PMID- 6837375
TI  - Problems in classification of some head and neck tumours.

PMID- 6837378
TI  - Early diagnosis of acoustic tumors by using auditory-evoked brain stem response.

PMID- 6837379
TI  - Some thoughts on the current management of laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 6837380
TI  - Diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas.

PMID- 6837381
TI  - Audiological assessment of acoustic tumours.

PMID- 6837382
TI  - Growth and spread of laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 6837383
TI  - Voice quality and speech intelligibility among deaf children.

PMID- 6837384
TI  - From sign to speech: the language development of a hearing-impaired child.

PMID- 6837385
TI  - Short stories with deaf fictional characters.

PMID- 6837386
TI  - Issues in the development of a special edition for hearing-impaired students of
      the seventh edition of the Stanford Achievement Test.

PMID- 6837387
TI  - The effects of signed text on the reading comprehension of hearing-impaired
      children.

PMID- 6837388
TI  - Parental and staff attitudes toward instruction in human sexuality for
      sensorially impaired students at the Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind.

PMID- 6837389
TI  - A re-examination of sign language diglossia.

PMID- 6837390
TI  - A comparison of hearing-impaired and normally hearing students on locus of
      control, people orientation, and study habits and attitudes.

PMID- 6837391
TI  - Postsecondary education federally established regional programs.

PMID- 6837392
TI  - Total hip replacement.

PMID- 6837393
TI  - Detecting colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6837394
TI  - The infant with unexplained fever.
AB  - Managing the infant who has fever without an obvious source can be difficult. The
      clinician should know how the infant's age, temperature, degree of toxicity and
      white blood cell count relate to the risk of occult bacterial disease,
      particularly bacteremia. In many instances, presumed bacteremia can be managed
      initially with outpatient blood culture and antibiotics. Close follow-up and
      early reexamination are necessary if blood cultures are positive.

PMID- 6837395
TI  - Bronchial obstruction.

PMID- 6837396
TI  - Chlorpromazine-induced lupus-like illness.

PMID- 6837397
TI  - Computed tomography and anomalies of the great veins.

PMID- 6837398
TI  - Air pollution and family health.
AB  - Air pollution is classified according to chemical characteristics of the
      pollutants and sources: reducing air pollution, photochemical air pollution,
      point-source emission and indoor air pollution. The primary pollutants are
      particulates, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, ozone, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide
      and lead. A knowledge of the effects of these on healthy people and impaired
      patients can provide the physician with specific measures to apply in individual
      cases.

PMID- 6837399
TI  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
AB  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a cardiac valve lesion characterized by
      vegetations composed of fibrin and trapped platelets on an uninflamed valve
      leaflet. It is often associated with malnutrition or underlying malignancy. The
      vegetations may give rise to clinically significant emboli and occasionally may
      cause cardiac murmurs. The diagnosis should be considered in any debilitated
      patient who suddenly develops unexplained embolic disease, a new cardiac murmur
      or disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 6837400
TI  - Pitted keratolysis: a common foot problem.

PMID- 6837401
TI  - Breast self-examination in adolescents.
AB  - Although serious breast lesions are unusual in adolescence, girls should learn
      how to perform breast self-examination. This will enable them to detect abnormal
      growths or galactorrhea. It will also encourage them to establish an important
      lifelong practice while they are young. Respect for the patient's modesty during
      the course of the demonstration is essential.

PMID- 6837402
TI  - Oral signs of frequent vomiting in anorexia.

PMID- 6837403
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen. Children and young adults are at
      particular risk, especially if they are living in closed communities. As many as
      one in five persons with M. pneumoniae infection may develop pneumonia. Infection
      is endemic within the community, with two peaks of incidence each year. Early
      diagnosis requires recognition of the disease pattern, although the chest
      radiograph may be helpful. Tetracycline and erythromycin are effective therapy.

PMID- 6837405
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy using a clonogenic cell assay.

PMID- 6837404
TI  - Therapeutic uses of calcium channel blockers.

PMID- 6837406
TI  - Flexible sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 6837407
TI  - Effects of nitroprusside-induced reduction of elevated preload and afterload on
      global and regional ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of nitroprusside infusion on left and right ventricular
      ejection fractions and left ventricular regional wall motion, radionuclide
      ventriculography with simultaneous hemodynamic assessment was performed before
      and during nitroprusside infusion in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction
      complicated by left ventricular failure and/or systemic arterial hypertension.
      Nitroprusside produced significant reductions in pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure (21 +/- 6 to 13 +/- 5 mm Hg; -38%; p less than 0.001), mean arterial
      pressure (107 +/- 19 to 90 +/- 13 mm Hg; -15.9%; p less than 0.001), left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index (84 +/- 28 to 75 +/- 23 ml/m2; -10.7%; p
      less than 0.001), and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (77 +/- 30 to
      67 +/- 27 ml/m2; -13.0% p less than 0.007), and significant increases in left
      ventricular ejection fraction (0.32 +/- 0.12 to 0.37 +/- 0.13; +15.6%; p less
      than 0.0001), right ventricular ejection fraction (0.37 +/- 0.11 to 0.45 +/-
      0.14; +21.6%; p less than 0.001), and stroke volume index (25 +/- 7 to 27 +/- 7
      ml/beat m2; +8.0%; p less than 0.03). These beneficial changes in global
      ventricular performance were accompanied by no change in the regional contractile
      function of 90% of the abnormally contracting infarct-related left ventricular
      segments and improved regional wall motion of 34% of noninfarcted but abnormally
      contracting left ventricular segments. We conclude that nitroprusside-induced
      reduction of elevated preload and afterload in acute myocardial infarction
      results in salutary effects on global ventricular function and improved regional
      function of noninfarcted left ventricular segments but with less prominent
      effects on regional function of infarcted segments.

PMID- 6837409
TI  - Myocardial infarction in young adults: risk factors and natural history.

PMID- 6837410
TI  - Physiologic responses to epinephrine infusion: the basis for a new stress test
      for coronary artery disease.
AB  - Since many patients with chest pain cannot exercise adequately, an alternative
      stress would be useful to evaluate coronary reserve. We studied the physiologic
      responses to epinephrine to assess its potential. We report on 39 patients with
      chest pain. Doses from 0.03 to 0.30 micrograms/kg/min were administered
      intravenously. Heart rate increased from 72 +/- 10 to 86 +/- 12 bpm (mean +/-
      SD), systolic blood pressure (BP) from 122 +/- 20 to 158 +/- 18 mm Hg (increased
      afterload), and rate-pressure product/100 from 88 +/- 21 to 133 +/- 18. Rate
      corrected pre-ejection period decreased from 141 +/- 23 to 92 +/- 14 msec and
      LVET/PEP ratio from 0.41 +/- 0.1 to 0.24 +/- 0.05 (increased contractility).
      Increased afterload and contractility increased myocardial oxygen demand.
      Simultaneously diastolic time and BP decreased, reducing myocardial blood supply.
      The endocardial viability ratio fell from 1.27 +/- 0.3 to 0.80 +/- 0.2. These
      data suggest that epinephrine infusion would be a useful stress test for coronary
      disease and are supported by a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 100% in 23
      patients with known coronary anatomy.

PMID- 6837411
TI  - A comparison of coronary and internal mammary arteries and implications of the
      results in the etiology of arteriosclerosis.
AB  - Comparison was made between the intimal thickening of the anterior descending
      branch of the left coronary artery and the internal mammary artery in 352
      necropsy examinations. The coronary arteries showed severe intimal thickening,
      progressing in severity throughout life, whereas the internal mammary showed no
      more than slight changes at any age. These observations, together with the
      variation in severity of the changes in different portions of the same vessel,
      and the freedom from this disease of the smaller arteries throughout the body,
      strongly suggest that a local or anatomic factor is the dominant influence in
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6837408
TI  - Myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery spasm demonstrated by
      angiography.
AB  - Twelve cases of myocardial infarction (MI) were documented in 11 of 39 patients
      who had coronary artery spasm (CAS) that was observed by angiography either
      before MI (3 patients), after MI (5 patients), or both before and after MI (3
      patients). MI corresponded in location to sites of ECG changes of myocardial
      ischemia during spontaneous angina pectoris in 7 of 7 patients and to the region
      of myocardium supplied by the vessel in which CAS was observed by angiography in
      each patient. MI occurred in the distribution of the right coronary artery in 8
      patients and of the left coronary artery in 4 patients. Of 12 vessels that
      supplied infarcted regions of myocardium, 7 vessels had greater than or equal to
      50% diameter fixed coronary artery narrowing (CAN), but the remaining 5 vessels
      had minimal (10%) or no fixed CAN. In those patients who were studied after MI,
      coronary angiography demonstrated that only 3 of 9 vessels in the distribution of
      infarcted regions of myocardium were completely occluded. Clinical follow-up for
      an average of 1.3 years after MI showed that 7 patients continued to have chest
      pain, 2 patients were asymptomatic, and 2 patients died suddenly 9 weeks and 1
      year, respectively, after MI. Therefore, among our patients with CAS demonstrated
      by angiography, MIs (1) were frequent (28%), (2) occurred in the distribution of
      observed coronary spasm, (3) were frequently (5 of 12 arteries) in the
      distribution of vessels having minimal or no fixed narrowing, and (4) were often
      (6 of 9 arteries) in the distribution of vessels that were demonstrated to be
      patient after MI.

PMID- 6837413
TI  - Effect of coronary vasodilation on ventricular fibrillation threshold: role of
      exogenous vasodilators and perfusion conditions.
AB  - Even without myocardial ischemia, coronary blood flow (CBF) constitutes a major
      determinant of ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT). To clarify whether
      abnormal distribution of normal or increased CBF plays any additional role, 14
      open-chest chloralose-anesthetized dogs with fixed-normalized heart rate, cardiac
      output, and systemic arterial pressure and separate servocontrolled left main
      coronary artery perfusion were studied as follows: VFT was determined first with
      coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) set at systemic level (80 mm Hg). Then CBF
      index was fixed at control levels (134.0 +/- 9.5 ml/min X 100 gm-1 LV) and
      coronary vasodilation was induced by intracoronary infusion of adenosine until
      CPP decreased to 49.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg. Myocardial O2 consumption, LV pressure, LV
      dp/dt, and surface ECG remained unchanged. However, VFT decreased in all trials
      by about 45% (p less than 0.001). When CPP was reset to 80 mm Hg while
      maintaining vasodilation, CBF index increased by 90% to 255.4 +/- 15.4 ml/min X
      100 gm-1 LV and VFT by 26% (p less than 0.005) from control. Yet these VFT
      increases in response to intraluminal pharmacologic vasodilation were about 19%
      (p less than 0.002) lower than expected for similar CBF index increases occurring
      physiologically. We conclude that intraluminal coronary vasodilation not matched
      by appropriate CBF increase results in substantial decrease of VFT. Moreover, at
      comparable increase of CBF, spontaneous physiologic vasodilation is more
      effective than intraluminal pharmacologic coronary vasodilation in increasing
      VFT.

PMID- 6837412
TI  - Unloading effects of prazosin in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation.
AB  - Seventeen patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) were examined by
      echocardiography and left and right heart catheterization. Cardiac output and
      regurgitation volume were measured by the dye dilution method. Administration of
      single and four repeated doses of prazosin (PZ) led to reductions of left
      ventricular (LV) end-diastolic, end-systolic, and left atrial end-systolic
      diameters, and decrease of left ventricular filling pressure. Regurgitation
      fraction, regurgitation flow, and volume indexes decreased significantly (p less
      than 0.01). Total left ventricular output decreased (p less than 0.001) as did
      derived parameters of left ventricular work and performance. Fractional
      shortening, ejection fraction, and mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity
      increased as did LV dP/dt and dP/dt/P. Changes in heart rate and cardiac and
      stroke indexes after PZ were not significant. Preload reduction (dilation of the
      venous bed and reduction of regurgitation) seems to be the most important effect
      of PZ in AR. We found PZ to be a suitable and effective drug for oral treatment
      of chronic AR.

PMID- 6837414
TI  - The prevalence of ruptured chordae tendineae in the mitral valve prolapse
      syndrome.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were performed on 134 consecutive patients with
      idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Fifteen patients (11.2%) were noted to
      have ruptured chordae tendineae on M-mode examination and in 12 of them the
      diagnosis was confirmed by bidimensional studies. Only four patients were
      referred for surgery as a result of severe mitral regurgitation. At operation one
      patient was found to have rupture of the anterior mitral chorda and the other
      three had posterior mitral chordal rupture. Eleven patients with chordal rupture
      had either mild symptoms or were completely asymptomatic. It is concluded that
      chordal rupture in patients with the mitral valve prolapse syndrome does not
      always result in severe hemodynamic deterioration and may go undetected unless a
      high index of suspicion is maintained. Serial echocardiographic studies may
      reveal the natural history of this condition in asymptomatic patients.

PMID- 6837415
TI  - Depth localization of thrombi and dynamic studies of postoperative thrombosis
      using the 125I-fibrinogen-sum-coincidence method.
AB  - Forty-one patients subjected to gynecologic surgery were investigated by means of
      the 125I-fibrinogen-sum-coincidence (FSC) method, which allows depth
      determination as well as absolute activity measurements of the thrombi. In 14
      patients with postoperative deep venous thrombosis there was a good correlation
      between the depths of thrombi measured on phlebograms and those determined by the
      FSC test. The new technique allows differentiation between superficial
      thrombophlebitis and deep venous thrombosis, thereby eliminating the main
      disadvantage that has limited the use of the original fibrinogen uptake test. The
      FSC test makes it possible to calculate the absolute net activity of 125I
      fibrinogen in a thrombus and to measure its elimination rate. The courses of
      individual thrombi could be followed up for as long as 1 month after surgery.

PMID- 6837416
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of verapamil in patients with paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Efficacy of acute intravenous verapamil, 10 mg, and chronic oral verapamil, 320
      mg, daily were studied electrophysiologically in 15 patients with paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). Plasma verapamil concentrations were
      measured concurrently. Both intravenous and oral verapamil significantly
      increased the AV node conduction time, the cycle length producing a Wenckebach
      period, and the refractory period of the AV node. These changes were reflected in
      changes in plasma verapamil concentration. The echo zone and the supraventricular
      tachycardia (SVT) zone markedly narrowed after administration of both intravenous
      and chronic oral verapamil. Verapamil's efficacy was found to be related to the
      type of SVT. For instance, verapamil was more effective in SVT due to AV nodal re
      entry than in SVT due to concealed accessory pathway. Fourteen patients were
      followed from 3 to 31 months and all except one were well controlled. In
      conclusion, verapamil was effective in prophylaxis of paroxysmal SVT.

PMID- 6837417
TI  - Atrioventricular node reentry: intravenous verapamil as a method of defining
      multiple electrophysiologic types.
AB  - Fourteen patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) underwent
      electrophysiological evaluation. Each patient was shown to have reentry confined
      to the region of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Verapamil, 0.075 to 0.15 mg/kg
      was administered intravenously to each patient during a stable episode of SVT,
      resulting in termination in each instance. There was more than one mechanism for
      termination of SVT. Nine patients showed termination by anterograde AV node block
      preceded by an increase in conduction time in the anterograde limb of the
      tachycardia circuit (Ae-H intervals) with no change in the conduction time in the
      retrograde limb (H-Ae intervals). Three patients showed termination by block in
      the retrograde limb of the circuit preceded by increases in both Ae-H and H-Ae
      intervals. An additional example of termination by spontaneous ventricular
      premature complexes and usurpation by sinus rhythm were also seen. Common
      features were that verapamil had significant effects on anterograde and
      retrograde conduction and refractoriness in the AV node. It prolonged the
      refractory periods of both fast and slow pathways in patients with dual
      anterograde AV node pathways, and observable effects on retrograde conduction and
      refractoriness were seen even in patients with constant ventriculoatrial
      conduction times during incremental ventricular pacing in a control study.
      However, three distinct groups of patients were identified on the basis of their
      response to ventricular pacing in a control study and upon verapamil effects
      recorded during their SVT. An explanation for these latter findings may be that
      there is a normal variation in the retrograde response of parts of the AV node to
      ventricular pacing, and a variability in some of the patients' responses to
      verapamil.

PMID- 6837419
TI  - Drinking habits and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study.

PMID- 6837418
TI  - Myoglobinemia in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Close-meshed determinations of plasma myoglobin, creatine kinase, and its
      isoenzyme MB were carried out in nine patients admitted to the clinic less than 4
      hours after the onset of symptoms in the course of acute myocardial infarction
      (AMI). Myoglobin clearly appears earlier (mean 2 hours and 30 minutes) in the
      plasma than creatine kinase (mean 4 hours and 15 minutes) and isoenzyme MB (mean
      5 hours and 30 minutes after the onset of symptoms). During the first hours of
      AMI plasma myoglobin shows multiple peaks in all patients. Because this pattern
      is observed only with myoglobin but not with creatine kinase, it appears that
      myoglobin mirrors the early course of the necrosis more distinctly than creatine
      kinase. Plasma myoglobin was also found elevated after intramuscular injections
      and a high voltage accident. Myoglobinuria was not detectable after myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 6837420
TI  - Hematocrit and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Honolulu Heart Program.

PMID- 6837422
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and systolic anterior motion: a dynamic spectrum.

PMID- 6837421
TI  - Intravenous mexiletine in management of lidocaine-resistant ventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 6837423
TI  - Long-term efficacy of verapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardias.

PMID- 6837424
TI  - Metoprolol in the prevention of dysrhythmias during minor dental surgery.

PMID- 6837426
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation with spontaneous reversion on ambulatory ECG in the
      absence of heart disease.

PMID- 6837425
TI  - A case for intra-atrial Wenckebach heart block during atrial flutter.

PMID- 6837428
TI  - Urinary catecholamines in pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 6837427
TI  - Transient QRS changes in variant angina simulating acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6837429
TI  - Postoperative abnormal septal motion.

PMID- 6837431
TI  - Pharmacist's guide to poison prevention.

PMID- 6837432
TI  - Iatrogenic drug complications: the role of the pharmacist.

PMID- 6837430
TI  - Endomyocardial fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6837433
TI  - New drugs of 1982.

PMID- 6837434
TI  - Inventory control and effective service.

PMID- 6837435
TI  - Worker exposure to chlorinated organic compounds from the activated-sludge
      wastewater treatment process.
AB  - The objective of this research was to investigate some of the potentially
      controlling factors influencing the atmospheric releases of volatile organic
      chlorinated compounds from the activated-sludge sewage treatment process. The
      field study was designed to evaluate the wastewater and airborne concentrations
      of six chlorinated compounds: hexachlorobicycloheptadiene (hex-BCH),
      heptachlorobicycloheptene (Hex-VCL), chlordene, chloroform (CHCl3), carbon
      tetrachloride (CCl4) and tetrachloroethylene (TCE). Analysis of samples consisted
      of saturating 5 mL aliquots with sodium chloride, extracting with an equal amount
      of petroleum ether (PE) and subsequent analysis using a gas chromatograph. The
      air samples collected on Chromsorb 102 were desorbed with 2 mL PE. The study
      revealed that the highest wastewater concentrations for the water-insoluble hex
      BCH, hex-VCL and chlordene were found in the aeration basins, which suggests
      adsorption of these compounds to the biomass. The plant effluent wastewater
      concentrations were reduced because of airborne release and suspended solids
      separation in the clarifiers. In contrast, the wastewater concentrations for the
      more water-soluble CHCl3, CCl4 and TCE were significantly reduced in the aeration
      basins. This is because of aerial stripping at the grit-chamber weir. This study
      suggests that the water-insoluble compounds have prolonged aerial release from
      the aeration basins. The water-insoluble compounds adhere to the biomass, which
      is recycled through the plant. The aerial release of these water-insoluble
      compounds was enhanced by increased aeration rate but depressed by higher
      suspended solids concentrations.

PMID- 6837436
TI  - A method for measuring respiratory deposition of cigarette smoke during smoking.
AB  - An understanding of the factors influencing respiratory deposition of cigarette
      smoke in smokers is needed to accurately control this important source of
      respiratory exposure in epidemiological studies of workers. Only a few studies
      have characterized the deposition of cigarette smoke in smokers and these involve
      methods that interfere with normal smoking. A technique for measuring puff
      volume, inhaled amount, and respiratory deposition of cigarette smoke particulate
      phase has been developed. It provides satisfactory accuracy (+/- 10%) and causes
      minimal disruption of normal smoking pattern. The technique captures exhaled
      smoke with an exhaust hood and establishes the amount of inhaled smoke by
      monitoring puff volume, puff duration, and puff timing and replaying the exact
      smoking sequence with matched cigarettes. Mass of captured cigarette smoke is
      evaluated by fluorophotometry. Preliminary trials with 11 paid volunteers gave an
      average puff volume of 53 mL and smoke deposition ranged from 22% to 75% with an
      average of 47%. Measured depositions are lower than previously published values
      and higher than would be predicted for submicrometer sized particles during
      normal breathing.

PMID- 6837437
TI  - Collection and ion chromatographic determination of ammonia and methylamines in
      air.
AB  - A method is described for the collection of ammonia (NH3), monomethylamine (MMA),
      dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA) from air and their subsequent
      determination by ion chromatography. Samples are collected with 800-mg silica gel
      sampling tubes at a flow rate of 1 L/min for 10 minutes or at 100 mL/min for up
      to 7.5 hours. Samples collected with sulfuric acid-treated tubes can be stored at
      room temperature for at least 21 days with no loss in recovery. Untreated samples
      can be stored in a refrigerator up to 32 days. The method has been validated from
      2 to 50 ppm v/v when a 10 L air sample is taken. No loss in recovery was observed
      when sampling up to 23 L of air at 100% relative humidity. The recovery and total
      precision (95% confidence level) for NH3, MMA, DMA, and TMA were 91 +/- 12.5%, 93
      +/- 10.3%, 92 +/- 9.6% and 84 +/- 17.6%, respectively.

PMID- 6837438
TI  - A summary of research on heat resistant fabrics for protective clothing.

PMID- 6837439
TI  - The industrial hygiene audit: purposes and implementation.
AB  - The increased implementation of industrial hygiene programs in industry, with the
      associated increase in funds allocated to safety and health programs, has
      introduced the concept of evaluative measures for program performance. The audit
      is a frequently used and valuable tool for the safety specialist, but it has been
      infrequently used by the hygienist. We differentiate the audit from 1) program
      guidelines and 2) program evaluation. The latter implies relating program
      activities to articulated measures of effectiveness. The audit, in contrast,
      utilizes widely accepted industrial hygiene program structural elements. In an
      audit a qualitative or numerical rating scale is assigned each audit program
      element to indicate the extent to which the element is present. The audit is an
      essential tool for the manager of an industrial hygiene program. Audits are not a
      substitute for program evaluation, but program evaluation is a very uncertain
      matter because the industrial hygiene profession has yet to focus on measures of
      program progress in terms similar to those of the safety field, i.e. accident
      frequencies and severities. Program elements and qualitative and quantitative
      rating scales are described. Preparation, conduct and reporting of the audit are
      discussed.

PMID- 6837440
TI  - Industrial hygiene applications of microcomputers II. Calculations, statistics,
      communications, word processing.

PMID- 6837441
TI  - Acute inhalation toxicology of nitrogen trichloride.
AB  - The LC50 of nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) was determined in rats following a one
      hour inhalation exposure. Five groups of 10 animals per group were exposed to a
      concentration range of NCl3 from 58 ppm to 157 ppm. The one hour LC50 is 112 ppm
      with the 95% confidence interval between 107 ppm and 117 ppm. All mortality
      occurred during or within one day following the exposure. Gross necropsy of the
      animals which died as a result of exposure to NCl3 showed noticeable fluid in the
      trachea and lungs. This was not the case for those animals which survived the
      exposure (gross necropsies performed 14 days post-exposure). Pulmonary edema
      appears to contribute significantly to mortality produced by NCl3.

PMID- 6837443
TI  - The measuring and monitoring of formaldehyde in inhalation test atmospheres.
AB  - The formaldehyde levels in the exposure chambers used for a six-month inhalation
      study were measured by collecting impinger samples which were analyzed by the
      chromotropic acid colorimetric method. The levels were also monitored
      continuously by CEA 555 air monitors. In developing a joint laboratory analytical
      program, one version of the chromotropic acid procedure was found to give
      erroneous results. Difficulties were also experienced due to sample contamination
      during shipment. It was shown that dilute formaldehyde solutions in 1% sodium
      bisulfite were much more stable than aqueous solutions. Adoption of satisfactory
      sample shipment methods and standarization of the analytical procedure produced
      good agreement in the results obtained for impinger samples analyzed by both
      laboratories.

PMID- 6837444
TI  - Correlation of qualitative and quantitative results from testing respirator fit.
AB  - Three qualitative respirator fit tests were evaluated for their ability to
      adequately measure respiratory protection. The evaluated methods were the
      negative pressure test, the isoamyl acetate test, and the irritant smoke test.
      Each test was performed concurrently with a single quantitative fit test, the
      dioctylphthalate (DOP) test, during 274 half-mask and 274 full facepiece
      wearings. The quantitative values of DOP penetration obtained after passing or
      failing each qualitative fit test were lognormally distributed. For each
      qualitative test performed on each mask type, the average log penetration values
      obtained after passing and failing each test were statistically different from
      each other. The mean of the log penetration values associated with the failed
      qualitative test was always larger than the mean of the log penetration values
      associated with passed qualitative tests for all three qualitative methods. Most
      (95%) of the tested study had adequately fitting respirators as determined by
      quantitative testing. Of these subjects, 96% to 100% passed the qualitative fit
      tests. Of the 5% of the study subjects with inadequately fitting half mask
      respirators, 93% to 100% of the inadequate fits were detected by qualitative
      methods. Twenty three to 46% of the poorly fitting full face masks were detected
      by qualitative methods. The probability of passing or failing a qualitative test
      with an inadequately fitting respirator can be estimated; however, the
      uncertainty associated with each estimate is large due to the small number of
      study subjects with poorly fitting respirators.

PMID- 6837442
TI  - Computing partial-shift respirator use periods.
AB  - Occasionally, airborne contaminant concentrations cannot be reduced to desired
      levels, even after the installation of feasible engineering controls. The
      industrial hygienist may have to recommend full-shift or partial-shift use of
      appropriate respirators to reduce exposures. The method described allows the
      industrial hygienist to recommend the minimum period of time an exposed employee
      needs to use a respirator in order to reach the desired exposure level. The
      procedure is based on the calculation of Time-Weighted Averages, using the upper
      confidence levels of air sampling data, and the respirator protection factors.

PMID- 6837445
TI  - Instability of formaldehyde air samples collected on a solid sorbent.

PMID- 6837446
TI  - Abbreviations in the AJC.

PMID- 6837447
TI  - Differentiation between right and circumflex coronary artery disease on thallium
      myocardial perfusion scanning.

PMID- 6837448
TI  - Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation. A combined radionuclide
      and hemodynamic study.

PMID- 6837449
TI  - Assessment of plexectomy in the treatment of severe coronary spasm in patients
      with normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 6837450
TI  - Effects of early postmyocardial infarction exercise testing on self-perception
      and subsequent physical activity.
AB  - The effects of exercise testing 3 weeks after clinically uncomplicated myocardial
      infarction (MI) on subsequent physical activity were evaluated in 40 consecutive
      men with a mean age of 52 +/- 9 years. Patients' confidence in their ability to
      perform various physical activities was evaluated with self-efficacy scales which
      patients completed before and after a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test.
      Increases in confidence (self-efficacy) for activities similar to treadmill
      exercise (walking, stair climbing, and running) were greatest after treadmill
      exercise, whereas increases for dissimilar activities (sexual intercourse and
      lifting) were greatest after test results were explained by a physician and
      nurse. The intensity and duration of subsequent physical activity at home were
      more highly correlated with self-efficacy after treadmill exercise than with peak
      treadmill heart rate. Of the 8 patients whose treadmill tests were limited by
      angina pectoris, 7 had self-efficacy scores which remained low after treadmill
      testing or which decreased from initially high values after treadmill testing.
      These patients had lower peak heart rates and work loads than patients whose self
      efficacy increased or remained high after treadmill testing. After MI, patients'
      perception of their capacity for physical activity and their actual patterns of
      subsequent physical activity are influenced by early treadmill testing in a
      manner which is congruent with these patients' treadmill performance.

PMID- 6837451
TI  - Treadmill walking protocol for the diagnostic evaluation and exercise programming
      of cardiac patients.
AB  - This study (1) describes a treadmill walking protocol which has been used safely
      in over 40,000 tests since 1960, (2) presents normative data on oxygen
      consumption (VO2) so that it may be determined from work load without direct
      measurement, and (3) demonstrates simple techniques for early activity
      prescription or later therapeutic walking programs for patients after myocardial
      infarction (MI) based on this treadmill test. Normative data are presented on 131
      subjects. There were no significant differences in VO2 values at the various work
      loads dependent on age, gender, fitness level, familiarity with the test
      procedure, clinical status, or the presence or absence of beta blockade. The
      protocol was then applied in cardiac rehabilitation of 25 patients. As a low
      level test, in 2 to 9 minutes patients attained 56 to 83% of age-predicted
      maximal heart rate. The translation of these data into early activity guidelines
      is shown. For a walking program, the maximal speed attained at 10% grade on the
      treadmill when walked on level ground put patients in the target heart rate zone
      for cardiovascular conditioning.

PMID- 6837452
TI  - Exercise versus cold temperature stimulation during radionuclide cineangiography:
      diagnostic accuracy in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 6837454
TI  - Determinants of the incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias in aortic
      valve disease.

PMID- 6837453
TI  - Ischemia-associated intraventricular conduction disturbances during exercise
      testing as a predictor of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - To determine the incidence and significance of transient intraventricular
      conduction abnormalities occurring in association with myocardial ischemia during
      exercise testing, the recordings of 2,200 consecutive exercise tests were
      reviewed. Ten patients (0.45%) were identified as having both ischemia and
      intraventricular conduction abnormalities that developed transiently during the
      exercise test. In all 10 patients both typical angina and electrocardiographic
      evidence of ischemia developed during exercise. Among the 10 patients, left
      anterior hemiblock developed in 4, left posterior hemiblock in 2, right bundle
      branch block (RBBB) in 2, RBBB with left axis deviation in 1, and left anterior
      hemiblock progressing to complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) in 1. All 10
      patients had cardiac catheterization showing significant obstruction of the left
      anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery at or before the origin of the first
      septal branch. Eight patients were treated surgically and 2 medically, all with
      relief of ischemic symptoms. Nine of the 10 had repeat exercise stress testing
      without angina or electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia and without
      recurrence of the transient intraventricular conduction disturbance. It is
      concluded that the development of transient intraventricular conduction
      abnormalities associated with myocardial ischemia during exercise testing is an
      uncommon occurrence (0.45%). When such conduction disturbances do develop, the
      existence of significant disease in the proximal portion of the LAD coronary
      artery is strongly suggested. With control of myocardial ischemia, the transient
      conduction disturbances during exercise are ameliorated.

PMID- 6837455
TI  - Left ventricular response to isometric exercise and its value in predicting the
      change in ventricular function after mitral valve replacement for mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - Reduced left ventricular (LV) afterload and its effect on the resting ejection
      fraction may lead to overestimation of LV function in mitral regurgitation (MR).
      To evaluate LV function during increased afterload of the heart, an isometric
      handgrip test was performed during cardiac catheterization in 15 patients with
      mitral regurgitation (MR group) and in 9 normal subjects (normal group). Twelve
      months after successful mitral valve replacement (MVR) the patients were
      recatheterized, and the value of preoperative stress testing in predicting the
      change in resting ventricular function after surgery was estimated. Isometric
      exercise caused an increase in endsystolic wall stress, a measure of ventricular
      afterload, in both the MR group and the control group (p less than 0.001). The
      ejection fraction remained unchanged in the control group, but decreased from
      0.58 +/- 0.08 to 0.53 +/- 0.08 in the MR group (p less than 0.001). After MVR,
      end-systolic wall stress increased significant (p less than 0.001) and the
      ejection fraction decreased from 0.58 +/- 0.05 to 0.51 +/- 0.1 (p less than
      0.05). A positive correlation existed between the change in the ejection fraction
      during preoperative stress testing and the change in the resting ejection
      fraction after MVR (r = 0.65, p less than 0.01). In 8 patients whose resting
      ejection fraction was within normal limits (greater than 0.55) preoperatively,
      the ejection fraction was depressed (less than 0.55) 1 year after surgery. In all
      but 1 of these patients the isometric exercise revealed the reduced ventricular
      response to afterload stress preoperatively (decrease of the ejection fraction
      greater than 0.03 during exercise). Therefore, the isometric exercise-induced
      change in LV function appears to predict the influence of MVR on LV function.

PMID- 6837456
TI  - Preoperative invasive testing in mitral stenosis: indications based on assessment
      of diagnostic yield.
AB  - The role of preoperative invasive testing in mitral stenosis was assessed in 82
      patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for isolated mitral stenosis. The
      patients were diagnosed by physical examination and echocardiography and were
      considered for surgical treatment primarily to relieve dyspnea. They had no
      precordial murmur attributable to an aortic valvular lesion and had no history of
      chest pain. The presence of mitral stenosis was confirmed at catheterization in
      all patients. All 38 patients in New York Heart Association functional class III
      and 8 of 9 patients in class IV had hemodynamic confirmation of mitral disease
      warranting operation. Although a mitral gradient was present in all 35 patients
      in class II, operation was not recommended in 9 (26%) of 35 with normal or mildly
      elevated pulmonary arterial wedge pressure. Invasive testing did not increase
      preoperative knowledge of aortic. tricuspid, or pulmonary valvular lesions which
      required surgical treatment. Coronary arteriography was performed in 44 patients
      (54%) and identified 4 patients with luminal narrowing (greater than 70% diameter
      reduction) affecting 1 or 2 arteries. These results suggest that preoperative
      invasive testing in patients with mitral stenosis is unnecessary when symptoms
      are moderate to severe and clinical evidence of aortic valvular or coronary
      artery disease is absent. However, preoperative cardiac catheterization is
      indicated in patients with mild symptoms to avoid unnecessary or premature mitral
      valve operations.

PMID- 6837457
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of aortic and mitral valve disease with pulsed-Doppler
      spectral analysis.
AB  - To differentiate normal from abnormal left-sided heart valves, 34 adults (6
      normal and 28 abnormal) with 48 valve lesions proved at catheterization were
      examined using a 3 MHz duplex pulsed Doppler echocardiograph with 2-dimensional
      verification of sample volume position and on-line display of the Doppler audio
      spectrum. A uniform protocol was used to position the sample volume for each
      lesion and to analyze the Doppler spectral data. Intracardiac blood turbulence,
      manifested by an increased Doppler spectral envelope area, was the noninvasive
      indicator of disease. The specific lesion present was determined by documenting
      the intracardiac location and timing of the turbulence. Doppler spectral envelope
      areas in all normal valve sites were smaller than those measured at the same
      sites in patients with aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation
      (p less than 0.01). Except for a single patient with minimal aortic
      regurgitation, spectral envelope area allowed complete separation of patients
      with valve disease from normal subjects (p less than 0.01). High sensitivity
      (97%) and specificity (100%) were noted despite the presence of multiple valve
      lesions in 67% of the patients. The data demonstrate application of a simple,
      noninvasive method of acquiring and analyzing Doppler echocardiographic data
      which allows accurate identification or exclusion of left-sided valve disease in
      adults, even in the presence of multiple valve lesions.

PMID- 6837458
TI  - Long-term results of tricuspid valve replacement and the problem of prosthetic
      valve thrombosis.
AB  - Observations in 71 patients having tricuspid valve replacement over a 14-year
      period are described. The operative mortality rate was 10% and the actuarial
      survival rate was 73% at 5 years and 47% at 10 years. Survival was unaffected by
      the number of valves replaced or the type used (27 Starr-Edwards, 32 Bjork
      Shiley, 8 Lillehei-Kaster, and 4 porcine xenografts). Complications were common:
      3 deaths were related to anticoagulation and 1 was due to a systemic embolus. Six
      patients required permanent pacing. There was a very high incidence of thrombosis
      of the prosthetic tricuspid valve. Twenty percent of the tilting disc valves
      thrombosed, compared with 4% of the Starr-Edwards valves (p less than 0.05).
      Symptoms of thrombosis were usually insidious, and its diagnosis was often
      delayed. There was a continuing risk of this complication, and presentation
      occurred up to 12 years after the original operation. Thrombolytic therapy with
      streptokinase was successful in 1 of 2 patients. Replacement of the thrombosed
      prosthetic valves was carried out without mortality in 8 patients.

PMID- 6837461
TI  - The univentricular heart: combined 2-dimensional-pulsed Doppler (duplex)
      echocardiographic evaluation.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic-pulsed Doppler (2D-PD) evaluation was performed
      in 14 patients with a univentricular heart. Accurate information on ventricular
      structure, atrioventricular valve status, and great vessel anatomy and function
      was obtained. The characteristic morphologic features were verified in each case
      by angiography or autopsy, or both. In several patients, 2D-PD evaluation
      provided more accurate anatomic and functional information than did cardiac
      angiography in standard views, particularly with regard to atrioventricular valve
      function. Four children with pulmonary atresia and 4 with pulmonary stenosis were
      identified prospectively. No patient had 2D-PD evidence of aortic obstruction.
      Four children had typical 2D-PD patterns consistent with atrioventricular valve
      regurgitation. Thus, 2D echocardiography coupled with a range-gated Doppler
      system will improve recognition of patients with a univentricular heart and
      permit thorough evaluation of specific anatomic details.

PMID- 6837460
TI  - Sustained ventricular tachycardia after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: new
      electrophysiologic findings.
AB  - Ventricular arrhythmia originating from the outflow tract of the right ventricle
      is a presumed cause of late sudden death in patients after repair of tetralogy of
      Fallot. Exercise testing has been shown to enhance detection, and phenytoin has
      been shown to control ventricular arrhythmias in these patients. This study
      reports new findings in 3 patients who underwent electrophysiologic studies at
      postoperative cardiac catheterization; in each, sustained ventricular tachycardia
      was induced and found to originate from the inflow-septal area of the right
      ventricle. Using serial studies, the same sustained ventricular tachycardia was
      induced during therapeutic serum concentrations of phenytoin but not after
      propranolol. No patient had ventricular arrhythmia during a 24-hour
      electrocardiogram or during exercise. Although no patient had normal hemodynamic
      function, only 1 patient had right ventricular pressure greater than two-thirds
      systemic pressure. Each patient had undergone initial intracardiac repair at a
      relatively late age (3, 9, and 9 years).

PMID- 6837462
TI  - Prognostic value of left ventricular size measured by echocardiography in infants
      with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

PMID- 6837459
TI  - Symptomatic sick sinus syndrome in children and adolescents as the only
      manifestation of cardiac abnormality or associated with unoperated congenital
      heart disease.
AB  - Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) occurs infrequently in children who have not undergone
      cardiac surgery. The symptoms, electrocardiograms, and electrophysiologic data in
      11 patients aged 2 to 17 years who had nonsurgical SSS were reviewed. Syncope
      occurred in 5 patients and sinus bradycardia in 9. Sinus nodal recovery times
      were prolonged in 6 patients. The atrial effective refractory period was
      prolonged in 2 patients and the atrioventricular nodal functional or the
      effective refractory period, or both, was prolonged in 5 patients. Because
      patients with nonsurgical SSS may have abnormalities not only of the sinus node
      but also of the atrium and the atrioventricular node, it is recommended that
      patients with symptomatic SSS be evaluated by electrophysiologic study. The
      proper choice of antiarrhythmic drug therapy or permanent pacing procedure
      depends on a complete analysis of the cardiac conduction system.

PMID- 6837464
TI  - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects in man of a new nonionic contrast
      agent (iohexol): advantages over standard ionic agents.
AB  - Iohexol is a new, nonionic contrast material that has been shown in animal
      studies to hold great promise as an agent for coronary arteriography and
      ventriculography with fewer adverse hemodynamic effects than standard ionic
      media. At present, it has not been studied systematically in man. Fifty patients
      referred for elective cardiac catheterization were randomized to receive either
      iohexol or meglumine sodium diatrizoate (Renografin-76). Both operator and
      patient were blinded as to which agent was being used. Hemodynamic variables
      measured were pulmonary artery wedge pressure and systemic blood pressure. In
      addition, the following electrocardiographic indexes were evaluated: S-T segment
      shifts, changes in Q-T interval, changes in T-wave amplitude, and changes in
      heart rate. These variables were measured after left ventriculography and after
      both left and right coronary arteriography. Both iohexol and sodium meglumine
      diatrizoate produced small transient elevations in pulmonary artery wedge
      pressure. Systemic hypotension occurred with both agents but was more profound
      and longer-lasting with sodium meglumine diatrizoate. Iohexol injection resulted
      in no electrocardiographic changes, whereas sodium meglumine diatrizoate produced
      marked Q-T prolongation, as well as changes in T-wave amplitude and heart rate.
      Iohexol was well tolerated by the patients, and radiographic opacification was
      good to excellent in all cases. Thus, iohexol produces fewer deleterious
      hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes than sodium meglumine diatrizoate
      when studied in a typical adult population requiring diagnostic cardiac
      catheterization. This favorable preliminary experience in man has potential
      widespread importance because of the large number of patients undergoing
      angiographic procedures.

PMID- 6837463
TI  - Effects of exercise and isoproterenol during atrial fibrillation in patients with
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - The effects of exercise and isoproterenol on atrial fibrillation (AF) were
      studied in 17 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) to assess the
      risk of developing a rapid ventricular response. Mean cycle length (R-R interval)
      and shortest R-R interval between both preexcited and nonpreexcited QRS complexes
      were recorded, as well as the percentage of preexcited complexes during control
      periods, during bicycle exercise, and during isoproterenol infusion. Exercise
      resulted in significantly shorter mean cycle length and the shortest R-R interval
      between nonpreexcited complexes. Exercise also resulted in a significantly lower
      percentage of preexcited complexes during AF, but had no effect on the R-R
      intervals between preexcited complexes. Isoproterenol had a variable effect on
      the percentage of preexcited QRS complexes, but resulted in significant
      shortening of mean cycle length and the shortest R-R interval between both normal
      and preexcited complexes. With isoproterenol, 12 of 17 patients had shortest
      preexcited R-R intervals less than or equal to 215 ms, compared with 6 of 17 in
      the control state. Isoproterenol infusion increased the rate of conduction over
      the accessory pathway during AF and allowed better assessment of the risk of
      excessively rapid rates occurring during AF. Exercise is not an adequate test for
      this purpose.

PMID- 6837465
TI  - Increased left ventricular function as an adaptive response in vibration disease.
AB  - Vibration disease results from the long-term use of vibrating tools. Vibration,
      noise, and cold are stressors that impair the human body, inducing vibration
      disease. From echocardiographic methods, the left ventricular ejection fraction
      in vibration disease was 79 +/- 4%, a significantly higher value than that in
      control subjects (75 +/- 6%) (p less than 0.01). The increase in ejection
      fraction appeared to be due mainly to an increase in left ventricular end
      diastolic dimension. The value of the ejection fraction was proportional to the
      activity of the autonomic nerves. The stroke volume index in patients with
      vibration disease was also significantly larger than that in the control subjects
      (p less than 0.001). Electrocardiograms revealed a significantly lower heart rate
      at rest and an increase in the ratio of T waves to R waves in precordial lead V6.
      These data suggest that the cardiovascular system in patients with vibration
      disease provides an adaptive response to the stressors.

PMID- 6837466
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of coronary occlusion during spontaneous acute
      myocardial infarction and subsequent angiographically normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 6837467
TI  - Transient right atrial thrombus during acute myocardial infarction: diagnosis by
      echocardiography.

PMID- 6837468
TI  - Extravascular obstruction of the superior vena cava by hematoma after open-heart
      surgery and diagnosis by scintigraphy.

PMID- 6837469
TI  - Amiodarone therapy during pregnancy.

PMID- 6837470
TI  - Amyloidosis limited to small arteries causing angina pectoris and sudden death.

PMID- 6837471
TI  - Bidirectional blood flow in angiographically normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 6837472
TI  - Effect of steroids on postoperative constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 6837475
TI  - Intranodal conduction pathways in complete transposition of the great arteries.

PMID- 6837473
TI  - Functional consequences of right coronary artery originating from left sinus of
      Valsalva.

PMID- 6837476
TI  - Term obliteration obsession (too)

PMID- 6837477
TI  - Ultrastructural changes associated with the mineralization of deer antler
      cartilage.
AB  - The maturation and mineralization of deer antler cartilage were investigated
      ultrastructurally by using enzymatic digestions and subsequent staining with
      ruthenium red (RR) or phosphotungstic acid (PTA). RR staining of matrix granules
      was observed in the immature prechondroblastic matrix and became more intense as
      the cartilage matured into a mineralized tissue. The granules got larger and more
      numerically dense in the mature matrix. There were matrix granules that coalesced
      around matrix vesicles or remnants of such in the mineralized zone. These
      granules were observed after demineralization, and they were RR and acidic PTA
      positive (they were not susceptible to hyaluronidase nor trypsin digestion,
      however). It appears that the granules were modified such that the matrix vesicle
      formed a centralized nidus for mineralization. The growth of hydroxyapatite
      crystals along matrix granules (which in this zone may or may not represent
      proteoglycan monomers) may have caused the coalescence. Microfibrils associated
      with matrix granules probably represented the hyaluronic acid core of the large
      proteoglycan complexes because of their susceptibility to hyaluronidase
      digestion.

PMID- 6837478
TI  - Observations on Graafian follicles and their oocytes during lactation and after
      the removal of pouch young in the marsupials Isoodon macrourus and Perameles
      nasuta.
AB  - Ovaries from 63 bandicoots (Isoodon macrourus and Perameles nasuta) were
      collected in order to obtain Graafian follicles close to ovulation for light and
      electron microscopy. During the first 42 days of lactation (lactation c. 60
      days), the follicles were less than 1.0 mm in diameter, whereas from 43 to 52
      days, some animals had follicles up to 2.0 mm in diameter, or ovulation had
      occurred and new corpora lutea were present. This ovulation was associated with
      the lactation estrus that occurred in some animals. In general, the largest
      Graafian follicles of the bandicoots were morphologically similar and resembled
      those of many other mammals. These follicles protruded from the surface of the
      ovary and revealed a conspicuous theca interna. The granulosa cells exhibited an
      unusual feature in that they contained masses of glycogen, often associated with
      lipid droplets and filaments. The oocytes were similar in size (diameter c. 150
      microns) to those of some other marsupials and were surrounded by a zona
      pellucida and cumulus cells attached to the granulosa layer. The cumulus cells
      did not form a corona radiata as in eutherian mammals. The oocyte nuclei were
      somewhat flattened, peripherally located and similar in size (c. 40 x 19 microns)
      to those in other marsupials. These nuclei, which stained lightly with Azure A
      and were electron-lucent and homogeneous, were unusually irregular in contour.
      The nuclei were unique in that nucleoli were always absent. Small cytoplasmic
      bodies which may have been extruded nucleoli were found in the oocytes of I.
      macrourus, but not in P. nasuta. The cytoplasm in the bandicoot oocytes resembled
      that of other marsupials and some eutherians in that it was highly vacuolated
      with most of the organelles concentrated peripherally. Within the central region
      of the bandicoot oocytes there were crystalloids which were similar to those in
      oocytes of primordial follicles and in unilaminar blastocysts of I. macrourus.

PMID- 6837479
TI  - The contribution of the inferior endocardial cushion of the atrioventricular
      canal to cardiac septation and to the development of the atrioventricular valves:
      study in the chick embryo.
AB  - The contribution of the inferior endocardial cushion of the atrioventricular
      canal to cardiac septation and to the development of the atrioventricular valves
      was studied in the chick embryo by in vivo labelling techniques. The study was
      performed in White Leghorn chick embryos in which the dorsal cushion was labelled
      at stage 20-21 (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), when the endocardial cushions were
      not yet fused. The embryos were sacrificed at stage 35 (mature heart). These
      experiments allow us to conclude that the inferior atrioventricular cushion gives
      origin to: a) that part of the cardiac septum between the septal insertion of the
      antero-septal leaflet of the mitral valve and the fibrous ridge which is the
      equivalent to the human septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular
      septum); b) the region of the interatrial and the interventricular septa adjacent
      to the atrioventricular septum; c) the portion of the antero-septal leaflet of
      the mitral valve which inserts into the septum; d) the fibrous ridge
      corresponding to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Microdissection shows
      that, when they appear at stage 18, the superior and inferior endocardial
      cushions of the atrioventricular canal are in continuity, without boundaries,
      with both the interatrial and interventricular septa. Therefore, each
      atrioventricular orifice opens into its corresponding ventricle, there being no
      stage in the development of the chick embryo heart in which the atrioventricular
      orifices are connected to the left ventricle at the same time. The development of
      the atrioventricular canal is similar in the chick and human.

PMID- 6837474
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of M-mode echocardiographic signs of mitral valve
      prolapse.

PMID- 6837480
TI  - Ultrastructural and functional effects of chronic endogenous stimulation of
      thyroid cells by thyrotropin.
AB  - Following total thyroidectomy, a small quantity of thyroid tissue was
      transplanted to the spleen in order to study thyroid tissue subjected to
      chronically elevated levels of endogenous thyrotropin (TSH). Plasma thyroxine
      (T4) and TSH levels were monitored and correlated with ultrastructural studies of
      the tissue over a 32-week experimental period. The effects of administration of
      an iodine-poor diet, and exogenous acute dose of TSH, and suppression of
      endogenous TSH through thyroxine administration were studied in order to evaluate
      the plasticity of the experimental model. Plasma T4 decreased after the first
      week and remained at approximately one half of the initial value until 12 weeks.
      Plasma TSH increased to a high of 6,220 ng/ ml after 6 weeks and gradually
      declined to one half of that value. The transplanted tissue remained functional
      throughout the experimental period. The number of pseudopods decreased, and
      irregularly shaped, dense bodies increased from the time of surgery until 12
      weeks later. Administration of an acute dose of TSH at this time resulted in
      obvious mitotic activity and the formation of numerous pseudopods. The tissue
      also maintained the ability to take up radioactive iodine and to iodinate
      thyroglobulin. Inhibition of TSH secretion through T4 administration from the
      time of surgery did not affect viability. Some cellular hypertrophy persisted
      after 32 weeks although TSH and T4 had returned to normal. This study has shown
      that thyroid tissue remains viable, functional, and experimentally alterable
      throughout an extended period of chronic stimulation by endogenous TSH, and that
      it has the reserve capacity to secrete normal levels of T4 at the end of this
      experimental period.

PMID- 6837481
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the effect of a diabetogenic dose of alloxan on the
      secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor.

PMID- 6837482
TI  - Histological changes in the articular eminence and mandibular fossa during growth
      of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - Unlike the mandibular condyle, the temporal component of the temporomandibular
      joint (TMJ) has been the object of relatively few investigations concerning its
      growth and remodeling. This report provides qualitative and quantitative
      documentation of microanatomical changes in the mandibular fossa and articular
      eminence during growth of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). The thickness of
      the fibrous articular tissue and the presence of cartilage cells in its deeper
      layers were examined histologically in 43 rhesus monkeys at five maturational
      levels (neonate, infant, juvenile, adolescent, and young adult). Absolute
      thickness of the articular tissue increased with maturational level in all areas
      studied, with the increase somewhat more pronounced on the posterior slope and
      crest of the articular eminence than in the roof of the mandibular fossa.
      Relative to condylar size, an increase in articular-layer thickness characterized
      the first three maturational levels, and was followed by a decrease during
      adolescent and young-adult stages. Articular tissue in the fossa roof constituted
      a steadily decreasing fraction of the total articular-tissue thickness with age,
      while relative thickness of the tissue on the posterior slope and crest of the
      eminence increased with age. These results parallel those obtained for the
      mandibular condyle, and they are best interpreted to indicate that forces
      delivered to the joint become directed more anteriorly with age. The overall
      pattern of topographical variation in articular-tissue thickness and cartilage
      cell distribution suggests that greater loading of the lateral aspect of the TMJ,
      postulated in the human TMJ by various workers, may not be as pronounced in the
      monkey.

PMID- 6837483
TI  - Circadian variation in the urinary excretion of electrolytes and trace elements
      in men.
AB  - Three-hour urine specimens were collected over a period of 27 hours from 11
      healthy adult male subjects. Each specimen was analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn
      using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was also dialyzed, pH
      7.35, and subsequently analyzed for Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo,
      Hg, Cr, Cd, and Mn using a multielemental argon-plasma emission system. The data
      were evaluated on conventional time plots (chronograms) and as computer
      determined "cosinor" plots. A population circadian rhythm with a statistical
      significance was detected for total Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and for nondialyzable Na,
      K, P, Ca, Zn, and Mo. For almost every element studied the increase from lowest
      to highest 3-hour group mean along the 24-hour time scale was more than 100%. The
      24-hour excretion of Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn appeared in good agreement with the so
      called "normals." The nondialyzable levels of Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Hg, Cr, Cd,
      and Mn were similar to the total urinary excretions reported in the literature.

PMID- 6837484
TI  - Secretory cells of the oviduct of the pig-tailed monkey, Macaca nemestrina,
      during the menstrual cycle and after estrogen treatment.
AB  - The secretory cells of the oviductal epithelium in the pig-tailed monkey, Macaca
      nemestrina, have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Changes during
      the menstrual cycle and after ovariectomy, with and without subsequent estrogen
      treatment, have been documented. During the early follicular phase the epithelium
      is recovering from deciliation and secretory cell atrophy that occur in the late
      luteal phase. A few fimbrial and a moderate number of ampullar and isthmic cells
      contain a few electron-dense, homogeneous secretory granules in their apical
      cytoplasm. During the late preovulatory and early post-ovulatory periods,
      secretory cell structure varies considerably. Fimbrial cells typically display
      apical protrusions that contain no or a few small, mainly homogeneous, secretory
      granules. The cytoplasm is crowded with elements of the Golgi complex, with
      granular endoplasmic reticulum profiles often intimately associated with
      mitochondria, and with variable numbers of polysomes and glycogen granules. In
      ampullar and isthmic cells secretory granules are more abundant than in fimbrial
      cells, and electron-lucent vacuoles appear. The granules are of two types: 1)
      those having an electron-dense, homogeneous matrix, and 2) those possessing
      lamellar structures within moderately dense matrices. The lamellae of the second
      type course in parallel arrays separated by a distance of approximately 15.5 nm
      and exhibit a periodicity of approximately 11.3 nm. Possible transitional stages
      between the lamellar granules and the vacuoles containing lamellar fragments are
      observed. Secretion occurs by exocytosis. During the late luteal phase no
      fimbrial cells have secretory granules. In the ampulla many of the cells have
      poor development of the organelles involved in secretory activity and have few or
      no secretory granules. In others, a moderate number of secretory granules are
      present; in one animal, exocytosis is observed. In the untreated ovariectomized
      animal no secretory granules occur, and the organelle content is much less than
      in the cycling and the estrogen-treated monkeys. In ovariectomized, estradiol
      treated monkeys, some areas of all three oviductal segments are well stimulated
      whereas others display little or no secretory activity.

PMID- 6837485
TI  - Morphological changes in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and median eminence in
      the golden hamster during the neonatal period.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the ultrastructure of the
      arcuate nucleus (ARC) and median eminence of hamsters on days 1-15 of the
      neonatal period. From days 1-6, the neurons of the ARC had large nuclei and a
      small amount of cytoplasm which contained polysomes, mitochondria, RER, lysosomes
      and Golgi complexes. From days 7-15 there was an increase in the amount of
      cytoplasm as well as more extensive Golgi complexes and RER. Astrocytes were the
      predominant glial component in both the ARC and median eminence. Astrocytic
      processes were in juxtaposition to unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and synapses.
      Axodendritic and axosomatic synapses containing clear vesicles were observed in
      the neuropil on day 1. There was an increase in the number of dense-core vesicles
      in the axonal endings beginning on day 4. Concomitantly, there were increasing
      numbers of clear and dense-core vesicles (64-70 nm) in terminals of the external
      layer of the median eminence, whereas larger dense-core vesicles (105-140 nm)
      were distinguishable by day 10 immediately dorsal to the external layer. The
      capillaries of the median eminence were composed of nonfenestrated endothelium
      from days 1-9. Fenestrae began to appear about day 10. Ependymal cells lining the
      third ventricle had pinocytotic vesicles, microvilli, and bleb-like protrusions
      on their apical surfaces. Ependymal processes were adjacent to nerve processes in
      the neuropil of the ARC and in the external layer of the median eminence, where
      they contacted the perivascular space. Two types of supraependymal cells were
      seen in animals throughout the neonatal period. One resembled a neuron which sent
      processes along the ependymal surface and often between cells. The second type
      was similar to a macrophage. The results of this study demonstrate the maturation
      of the neural elements in the ARC/median eminence area of the neonatal hamster.

PMID- 6837486
TI  - Structure and growth activities of the mandibular condyle in monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis): I. Intracondylar variations.
AB  - Eight condyles of four growing monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of estimated ages
      between 1.6 and 3.6 years (minimum and maximum) were analyzed using
      radioautographic, histometric, and stereologic techniques. The aim of the study
      was to examine the relationship between intracondylar variations in structure and
      growth activities. The animals received 3H-proline (1 mCi/kg body weight) and 3H
      thymidine (0.5 mCi/kg body weight) 24 and 3 hours, respectively, prior to
      sacrifice. The perichondral and chondral layers of the condylar articular
      covering as well as the subchondral zone of erosion were examined at different
      sampling sites distributed systematically in the antero-posterior and
      lateromedial dimension of the articulating surface. Intracondylar variations
      observed with respect to morphometric and radioautographic parameters suggest the
      following biologic mechanisms contributing to mandibular growth in a superior
      posterior direction. Greater mitotic activity at the central and posterior sites
      of the condylar perichondrium generates a population of progenitor cells that is
      larger in these than in other regions. On the other hand, the rate of
      differentiation of these progenitor cells into chondroblasts and chondrocytes,
      i.e., the "migration" into and through the chondral layers of the articulating
      covering, seems to be enhanced in the same superior and posterior areas.
      Additionally, while "migrating" faster, these cartilage cells become larger and
      produce greater amounts of extracellular matrix than those in the anterior parts
      of the condyle. Finally, enhanced resorptive activities in the superior and
      posterior regions of the subchondral zone of erosion provide an increased "loss"
      of degenerated chondrocytes, thereby establishing the basis for a cartilaginous
      drift in the superior-posterior direction.

PMID- 6837487
TI  - Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women.
AB  - The riboflavin requirement of young women during periods of sedentary living and
      exercise was determined during a 12-wk metabolic study. The study was divided
      into a 6-wk no exercise period followed by a 6-wk exercise period in which
      subjects jogged around a track for 20 to 50 min/day. Twelve subjects, aged 19 to
      27 yr, were fed a basic diet containing 0.6 mg riboflavin/1000 kcal of intake.
      Riboflavin intake was increased by 0.2 mg/1000 kcal increments by provision of
      riboflavin in a glucose polymer mixture. Linear regression analysis was used to
      estimate the riboflavin intake required for an erythrocyte glutathione reductase
      activity coefficient of 1.25 during both the no exercise and exercise periods.
      Individual riboflavin requirements ranged from 0.62 to 1.21 mg/1000 kcal before
      exercise and 0.63 to 1.4 mg/1000 kcal during the exercise periods. Riboflavin
      requirement could not be related to the kilocalorie intake or lean body mass of
      the subjects. It is concluded that healthy young women require more riboflavin to
      achieve biochemical normality than the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances and
      that exercise increases riboflavin requirements.

PMID- 6837488
TI  - Supplementation frequency and ascorbic acid status in adult males.
AB  - This study was performed to determine if experimental subjects given ascorbic
      acid (AA) in a 240-mg dose every 4 days maintain blood levels of AA similar to
      levels of control subjects given 20 mg three times per day. All subjects ingested
      foods providing 6 to 7 mg AA/day but adequate in other nutrients. Mean serum AA
      for all subjects was 1.26 mg/dl initially indicating a habitual AA intake of over
      100 mg/day. After 32 days on 66 mg AA/day, mean serum AA of control subjects
      remained below 0.7 mg/dl. After the first depletion period experimental subjects
      had significantly lower (p less than 0.05) serum AA than control subjects (0.74
      versus 1.02 mg/dl). By the third depletion period experimental subjects adjusted
      to the less frequent dosage such that serum levels of AA were not lower. They
      were sometimes significantly higher (p less than 0.05) 1 day after the 240-mg
      dose. Experimental subjects had similar or higher mean white blood cell AA
      throughout the experiment. White blood cell AA was significantly (p less than
      0.05) and negatively correlated with white blood cell count (r = -0.65) Results
      suggest that subjects adjust to receiving supplements of AA on a periodic basis
      at least under the conditions imposed in this study.

PMID- 6837489
TI  - Brain cell alterations suggesting premature aging induced by dietary deficiency
      of vitamin B6 and/or copper.
AB  - Weanling albino rats were fed semisynthetic diets deficient or sufficient in
      vitamin B6 or copper, or both, for 2 or 3 months. Brains were examined by light
      and electron microscopy after Golgi impregnation or conventional tissue
      processing for electron microscopy. Golgi impregnation revealed that some
      pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex, particularly in layers III and V, showed
      partial to nearly complete dendritic loss. This occurred in all deficient groups
      but was most typical of deficiency of vitamin B6. Swelling in dendrites or
      perikarya was more typical of copper deficiency. Ultrastructural observation
      revealed large vacuoles in cellular processes of the cerebral cortex in deficient
      groups. The hippocampus of copper-deficient rats contained dark, apparently
      degenerating processes while axonal swellings were seen in vitamin B6 deficiency.
      These abnormalities are discussed as evidence for accelerated aging of neurons
      related to poor nutritional status.

PMID- 6837490
TI  - Influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on copper status in young adult men.
AB  - The influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on the copper status of young
      adult men was investigated. Subjects consuming self-selected diets took 500 mg of
      ascorbic acid with each meal (1500 mg/day) for 64 days. Blood samples were
      obtained at 0, 28, 52, and 64 days in order to determine serum copper and serum
      ceruloplasmin. Each subject thus served as his own control. Analyses were
      repeated 20 days after the ascorbic acid supplement was terminated. Serum
      ceruloplasmin activity was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) at every data
      point throughout the ascorbic acid supplementation period. A similar but
      nonsignificant trend was observed for serum copper. Furthermore there was a
      significant increase (p less than 0.01) in serum copper concentration 20 days
      after the supplementation period. Although observed effects occurred within
      physiological ranges of normal values, this study confirms that a high ascorbic
      acid intake is antagonistic to copper status of men as has been demonstrated in
      laboratory animals.

PMID- 6837491
TI  - Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: intestinal interaction of tin
      and zinc.
AB  - Mineral/mineral interactions at the intestinal level are important in animal
      nutrition and toxicology, but only limited understanding of their extent or
      importance in humans has been developed. An inhibitory interaction of dietary tin
      on zinc retention has been recently described from human metabolic studies. We
      have explored the tin/zinc interaction using the change-in-plasma-zinc
      concentration method with a standard dosage of 12.5 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate in
      100 ml of Coca-Cola. Sn/Zn ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1, constituted by addition
      of 25, 50, and 100 mg of tin as stannous chloride, had no significant overall
      effect on zinc uptake. The 100-mg dose of tin produced noxious gastrointestinal
      symptoms. Addition of iron as ferrous sulfate to form ratios of Sn/Fe/Zn of 1:1:1
      and 2:2:1 with the standard zinc solution and the appropriate doses of tin
      produced a reduction of zinc absorption not dissimilar from that seen previously
      with zinc and iron alone, and addition of picolinic acid did not influence the
      uptake of zinc from the solution with the 2:2:1 Sn/Fe/Zn ratio.

PMID- 6837492
TI  - Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: zinc concentration of serum and hair from
      low-income women of Mexican descent.
AB  - The effect of zinc supplementation on concentrations of zinc in hair and serum of
      213 pregnant Hispanic women attending a clinic in Los Angeles was assessed using
      a random, double-blind experiment. Both the treatment (T) and control (C) groups
      received similar vitamin and mineral supplements except that 20 mg zinc was added
      to the supplements for the treatment group. Nutrient intakes were calculated from
      24-h recalls. The initial mean dietary zinc intake of both groups was about 50%
      of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (9 +/- 5 mg). Initially there were no
      significant differences between the two groups in mean zinc levels in serum (66
      +/- 11 micrograms/dl, C, and 65 +/- 12 micrograms/dl, T) or in hair (184 +/- 41
      micrograms/g, C, and 175 +/- 38 micrograms/g, T). Zinc supplementation did not
      alter mean zinc levels in serum or hair but significantly (p less than 0.05)
      reduced the number of low serum zinc values (less than or equal to 53.3
      micrograms/dl) toward the end of pregnancy. Although serum zinc levels do decline
      in pregnancy, our results suggest that severely depressed levels (less than or
      equal to 50 to 55 micrograms/dl) indicate inadequate zinc status.

PMID- 6837493
TI  - Relation between ingested potassium and sodium balance in young Blacks and
      whites.
AB  - The relationship of dietary K+ with Na+ balance in young normotensives was
      studied. A, In two biracial communities, all children with specified age were
      stratified by blood pressure level. Children from selected strata collected 24-h
      urines on ambulatory basis and provided fasting blood for electrolytes and
      creatinine determination. For the upper percentile ranks (n = 160), the Na+ and
      K+ clearances correlated closer in Blacks than whites (r = 0.7 versus r = 0.4, p
      less than 0.005 for difference). B, To test for a causal effect of K+ intake on
      Na+ excretion, six white and eight Black young healthy normotensive volunteers
      took 80 mEq KCl daily in addition to their usual diets. They collected 24-h
      ambulatory urine and stool samples for 3 base-line days, and 4 days during K+
      supplementation. Na+ and K+ intake was monitored daily. Upon K+ supplementation,
      Blacks showed natriuresis (p less than 0.01), negative Na+ balance (p less than
      0.05), and a cumulative K+ balance more positive than whites (p less than 0.0001
      versus p less than 0.05). Dietary K+ enrichment could affect Na+ balance.

PMID- 6837494
TI  - Supermarket sales of high-sugar products in predominantly Black, Hispanic, and
      white census tracts of Houston, Texas.
AB  - Sales of 488 sweet foods and beverages by supermarkets located in predominantly
      Black, Hispanic, and white census tracts of Houston, TX, were examined in
      relation to sales of a number of commodity foods. Mean sweet energy/commodity
      food sales ratios in Black and Hispanic census tract supermarkets were 122 and
      108%, respectively, of those in white census tracts. Ethnic differences in sweet
      energy/commodity sales ratios were almost always statistically significant (p
      less than 0.05), but variation within ethnic groups of supermarkets remained
      large, indicating that nonethnic factors also influenced the food purchase
      patterns. Supermarket sales records offer a relatively inexpensive source of data
      for comparative or longitudinal studies of community purchase of food products
      postulated to play a role in the development of nutrition-associated health
      problems. The major problems in interpreting the data result from a need to use
      ratios, and lack of a valid measure of the population consuming the foods
      purchased.

PMID- 6837496
TI  - Vitamin E in plasma and platelets of human diabetic patients and control
      subjects.
AB  - Vitamin E concentrations were determined in plasma and platelet samples from 23
      diabetic and 30 control human subjects. The mean concentrations of alpha and
      total tocopherols in the plasma and platelets of the diabetics were higher than
      that of the controls. The mean gamma tocopherol concentrations in both plasma and
      platelets were similar in diabetics and controls. The platelet vitamin E
      concentrations decreased significantly with age in only the controls and not in
      the diabetics. Thus diabetics have higher concentrations of tocopherols in blood
      platelets and plasma. The total plasma tocopherol concentrations correlated
      significantly with total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and total lipid
      concentrations in both diabetic and control groups. However, no significant
      correlations were observed between platelet tocopherol levels and plasma lipids
      in either group. In five subjects plasma and platelet vitamin E concentrations
      remained unchanged during standard glucose tolerance tests.

PMID- 6837495
TI  - Effect of maternal nutritional status on immunological substances in human
      colostrum and milk.
AB  - Substances in colostrum and breast milk confer significant disease resistance to
      the breast-fed infant. The influence of maternal nutritional status on both
      immunological and nonimmunological milk factors was studied in a group of 23
      Colombian women during the first 2 months of lactation. Maternal malnutrition was
      characterized by significantly lower weight/height ratio, creatinine/height
      index, total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum IgG and IgA. The colostrum
      of malnourished mothers contained only one-third the normal concentration of
      immunoglobulin G and less than half the normal level of albumin. Significant
      reductions in colostrum levels of IgA and the fourth component of complement (C4)
      were also observed in the malnourished group. No differences were observed in
      colostral concentrations of lysozyme, C3 complement, or IgM. Titers of antibody
      in milk directed against respiratory syncytial virus were not influenced by
      maternal nutritional status. The differences noted above tended to disappear in
      mature milk, concomitant with improvement in the nutritional status of
      malnourished mothers during the first several weeks postpartum. We conclude that
      the protective qualities of colostrum and milk may be significantly influenced by
      maternal nutritional status.

PMID- 6837497
TI  - Variability of water content of lean tissue of pregnant and nonpregnant rats and
      its effect on body fat estimation.
AB  - In humans, body fat is often estimated from body water. Measurements of the body
      water and estimates of the percent water in the lean tissue (WLT) are used to
      calculate the lean tissue which is then subtracted from body weight to estimate
      the quantity of body fat. The reliability of this method and the effect that
      pregnancy, obesity, fasting, and food restriction have on the body fat estimate
      derived from the mean WLT were assessed. Pregnant and nonpregnant rat carcasses
      were analyzed gravimetrically for water and for hexane extractable fat and the
      WLT was calculated. Mean WLT values differed significantly in pregnant and
      nonpregnant groups. In pregnant animals, prior food restriction or fasting
      significantly lowered the mean WLT. Estimates of individual fat content derived
      from the appropriate mean WLT varied from 63 to 332% of assay values. Thus body
      fat estimates derived from the mean WLT may be very inaccurate, particularly in
      fasted individuals.

PMID- 6837498
TI  - Sweets, snacks, and dental caries: South African interracial patterns: reply to
      letter by Hackett and Rugg-Gunn.

PMID- 6837499
TI  - Anthropometric standards.

PMID- 6837500
TI  - Dietary changes and mortality rates.

PMID- 6837501
TI  - Protracted ambulatory venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was administered by a constant venous infusion schedule at
      a dose of 300 mg/m2/d for 30-180 days. The dose schedule was associated with
      minimal toxicity in 32 patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated by employing
      a portable infusion pump for ambulatory drug delivery. Cumulative dose of 5-Fu
      was extended to three to four times that achieved by intermittent bolus therapy
      or short-term 5-day infusion therapy. Objective tumor regression was observed in
      six of 22 patients with measurable disease; 10 patients had stable disease, five
      of whom had a decrease in CEA levels. The responses according to tumor type were
      as follows: 1/1 gastric cancer; 1/2 hepatoma; and 4/18 colon cancer. The
      superiority of this new treatment schedule for 5-Fu will need to be established
      by prospective randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 6837502
TI  - Mini-dose weekly adriamycin therapy for patients with advanced malignant disease
      at increased risk for adriamycin toxicity.

PMID- 6837503
TI  - The quality of which life?

PMID- 6837504
TI  - Obesity, estrogen production, and tumor estrogen receptors in women with
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - The poor prognosis of obese women with carcinoma of the breast has yet to find a
      satisfactory explanation. It is suspected that the hormonal milieu of these
      patients may favor tumor growth. This investigation explored the relationship
      between obesity, urinary estrogen excretion, and tumor estrogen receptors (ER) in
      women treated with mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The ER levels
      determined from the primary cancers of 129 women treated with mastectomy were
      compared with the obesity index (O.I.) of these patients, i.e., weight in
      pounds/height in inches. In addition, 24-hour total urinary estrogen
      determinations were performed in 30 postmenopausal women and compared with their
      O.I. and ER. A weak direct correlation was found between ER and O.I. in
      postmenopausal women. The urinary estrogens of postmenopausal women were
      correlated directly with obesity index, but no relationship could be established
      between urinary estrogens and the ER content of breast cancers. It is concluded
      that the excess estrogen production of obese women may be responsible for their
      poor prognosis by promoting tumor growth. The high tumor ER concentrations
      associated with obesity suggest a high frequency of hormonally sensitive tumors.

PMID- 6837505
TI  - Phase II clinical evaluation of AZQ in metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer who have failed prior
      combination chemotherapy including adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil
      and methotrexate, were treated with AZQ given on a 5-day I.V. schedule repeated
      every 4 weeks. The starting doses were 6 or 8 mg/m2/day for poor- and good-risk
      patients, respectively. There were two partial responses among 29 evaluable
      patients. Both had soft tissue and/or lymph node involvement. Six patients had
      stable disease. Myelosuppression, predominantly thrombocytopenia, was dose
      limiting. Other toxicities were mild, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
      diarrhea, stomatitis, and malaise. Our results indicate that AZQ given on the 5
      day schedule is unlikely to be effective in the treatment of refractory breast
      cancer.

PMID- 6837506
TI  - Phase II evaluation of dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD, NSC 301739) in patients
      with metastatic colorectal cancer.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with measureable metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5
      fluorouracil-containing regimens received dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD, NSC
      301739) on a 5-day I.V. schedule administered every 4 weeks. Good-risk patients
      received DHAD at the starting daily dose of 4 mg/m2 while patients who had had
      therapy with radiation or myelosuppressive drugs such as mitomycin C or a
      nitrosourea compound received an initial daily dose of 3 mg/m2. There were no
      complete or partial remissions in this study. Eight of 30 evaluable patients had
      disease stabilization. The dose-limiting toxic effect was myelosuppression;
      neutropenia was more severe than thrombocytopenia. The myelosuppression was more
      severe in patients who had poor bone marrow reserves and abnormal pretreatment
      liver functions (serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase) levels greater than or equal to 1.5 times normal). DHAD
      administered by the 5-day dose schedule as used in this study is not effective
      against colorectal cancer.

PMID- 6837507
TI  - Phase II evaluation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea
      (PCNU, NSC 95466) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5
      fluorouracil-containing regimens received PCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3
      piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea, NSC 95466) on a single-day I.V. schedule administered
      every 6 weeks. Good-risk patients received PCNU at the starting dose of 100
      mg/m2, while patients who had received radiotherapy or myelosuppressive drugs
      such as mitomycin C received an initial dose of 75 mg/m2. There were two partial
      remissions. Fifteen patients including four with minor tumor regression had
      disease stabilization. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, with
      thrombocytopenia being more severe than neutropenia. The myelosuppression
      occurred late in the treatment cycle (days 25-32), was more severe with repeated
      treatments, and was more severe in patients who had a poor bone marrow reserve.
      Other toxicities were mild and infrequent. PCNU administered by the single-dose
      I.V. schedule as used in this study has very modest antitumor activity against
      colorectal cancer in humans.

PMID- 6837509
TI  - Phase II evaluation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-(piperidyl)-1 nitrosourea
      (PCNU)(NSC-95466) in patients with advanced carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Sixty-one assessable patients with advanced small cell and non-small cell
      carcinoma of the lung were given PCNU on an intermittent every 6-week schedule.
      Starting doses ranged from 75 mg/m2 for poor-risk patients to 100 mg/m2 for good
      risk patients, depending on the bone marrow, liver, and renal status. Six partial
      responses (two small cell carcinoma, two adenocarcinoma, two large cell
      carcinoma) of short duration were documented. The major toxic effects were
      thrombocytopenia (35%) and leukopenia (16%). PCNU does not appear to have
      sufficient antitumor activity to warrant further investigation in advanced lung
      cancer.

PMID- 6837508
TI  - Combination chemotherapy for advanced sarcomas of bone and mesothelioma utilizing
      rubidazone and DTIC: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with disseminated bony sarcoma and 23 patients with
      malignant mesothelioma were evaluable in a Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)
      clinical trial utilizing rubidazone and DTIC. One partial remission (PR) was
      observed in a previously untreated patient with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. One
      patient with giant cell tumor of bone had an improvement, short of PR. Thirteen
      patients with osteogenic sarcoma and 23 with malignant mesothelioma had no
      response to this combination of drugs. The major toxic effects of therapy
      included nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression, especially leukopenia; no
      cardiac toxicity was noted. We conclude that the combination of rubidazone and
      DTIC is inactive in bony sarcoma and mesothelioma.

PMID- 6837510
TI  - Detection of chlamydial cervicitis by Papanicolaou stained smears and culture.
AB  - The ability of the cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear to detect cervicitis
      associated with Chlamydia trachomatis was investigated. Cultures and cervical
      cytology samples were obtained from 487 women seen at the Mayo Clinic Department
      of Obstetrics and Gynecology and at the Sexually Transmitted Disease clinic of
      the Olmsted County Health Department. Adequate pap smears contained endocervical
      or metaplastic cells. Thirty-seven patients had positive Chlamydia cultures; of
      these, 14 were cytologically suggestive of Chlamydia, 10 were negative but
      satisfactory, and 13 were unsatisfactory. Of the 450 patients with negative
      cultures, 21 had cytologic findings suggesting infection. Thus, of 35 cases
      suggestive cytologically, 14 (40%) were confirmed by culture. Of the 21 false
      positive cytologies, eight were in postpartum women. Because of problems with
      specificity and inadequate smears, cervical cytology specimens should not replace
      culture as a means of detection, but can identify women who should be cultured
      for C. trachomatis.

PMID- 6837511
TI  - Use of an automated microfilm system in the surgical pathology laboratory.
AB  - The use of the Kodak "Oracle System" in a pathology laboratory is described.
      After five years experience, the system can be described as very reliable and
      extremely useful for consolidating, condensing, searching, and maintaining files
      in a busy surgical pathology laboratory.

PMID- 6837513
TI  - Estrogen-primed immature rat uterus--a tissue control for histochemical estrogen
      receptor assay.
AB  - The luminal epithelial cells of the uterus of immature rats, which have been
      primed with 17 beta-estradiol, contain a high level of cytoplasmic estrogen
      receptors and, therefore, can be used as a convenient receptor-rich tissue
      control for histochemical assays.

PMID- 6837512
TI  - A simple, rapid, high-resolution chromosome technic for lymphocytes.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes were exposed to a hypotonic
      solution consisting of equal parts of 0.075 M 2-Mercaptoethanol and 0.075 M KCl,
      followed by addition of colcemid. The cells were fixed and washed in the usual
      manner. The slides then were subjected to trypsin-Giemsa banding. This method
      yields a high percentage of mitotic figures in prophase and prometaphase, ideal
      for high-resolution chromosome analysis.

PMID- 6837515
TI  - The leukocyte composition of peripheral blood buffy coat.
AB  - To assist in the interpretation of buffy coat smears from leukopenic patients, we
      determined the composition of the buffy coat of the blood of normal volunteers.
      Leukocytes were concentrated by centrifugation in microhematocrit tubes. Stained
      smears of these cells showed minor differences in the proportions of neutrophils,
      lymphocytes, and monocytes when compared to unconcentrated peripheral blood.
      Granulocytes of greater immaturity than the metamyelocyte were not encountered,
      and their presence should suggest the possibility of marrow dysfunction.
      Occasional young monocytoid cells and "stimulated" lymphocytes were seen.

PMID- 6837514
TI  - Diagnostic use of CFU-E formation from peripheral blood in polycythemia vera.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with polycythemia vera (P.
      vera) and three with other polycythemias were cultured in a methylcellulose
      system. Colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) colonies appeared after seven days
      in the absence of added erythropoietin (Ep) in all P. vera cultures. A pattern of
      growth similar to the one seen for P. vera patients occurred in the culture from
      a patient in whom that disease was suspected. In the cultures from two of the
      patients with other polycythemias, erythroid colonies did not appear even in the
      presence of Ep. These findings emphasize the potential value of culturing
      peripheral blood for CFU-E colonies in diagnosing polycythemia vera.

PMID- 6837517
TI  - Persistent active hepatic necrosis with the enigmatic absence of abnormalities in
      laboratory test results.
AB  - Certain common clinical laboratory tests are employed regularly to determine the
      presence of active necrotizing processes in the liver. These include in
      particular bilirubin, several enzymes, clotting factors, and serum proteins. We
      have studied a patient with perihepatic and intrahepatic infection and extensive
      necrosis, who showed minimal changes in the usual biochemical markers associated
      with hepatocellular damage. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 6837518
TI  - The origin of certain mucus-producing cells.

PMID- 6837516
TI  - Intestinal parasites among Southeast Asian refugees in Massachusetts.
AB  - This laboratory examined 2,158 stool specimens for intestinal parasites from
      1,478 Southeast Asian refugees who immigrated to Massachusetts between September
      1981 and April 1982. Seventy-five per cent of refugees harbored one or more of 20
      different species of intestinal parasites. Multiple infections occurred in 49% of
      refugees. Twenty-one per cent had pathogenic protozoa, which are transmissible
      from person to person. Six per cent had nonpathogenic protozoa only. Entamoeba
      polecki, an ameba rarely seen in the United States, was found in 5% of refugees.

PMID- 6837519
TI  - Lymphadenopathy in homosexual men. Morbid anatomy with clinical and immunologic
      correlations.
AB  - This is a study of the histopathologic features of lymph nodes removed from
      eleven young, homosexual men, all of whom presented with lymph node enlargement
      of more than 3 months' duration, accompanied, in the majority of cases, by fever
      and weight loss. Reactive follicular and sinusoidal hyperplasia were the main
      findings in 10 patients. The medullary sinuses were packed with monomorphic round
      sinusoidal cells associated with neutrophils. In one of the 10 patients,
      granulomas packed the subcapsular sinuses, especially. Another patient presented
      with lymphoid-depleted nodes with absent germinal centers and a prominent
      vascular skeleton; this latter feature made it difficult to distinguish this
      picture from the nodal form of Kaposi's sarcoma. All patients had a history of
      sexual promiscuity and used "recreational" drugs. Nine of 10 patients had
      deficient cellular immunity and inverted T-cell helper/suppressor ratios. The
      only patient with normal cellular immunity had nodal granulomas. Humoral immunity
      was normal in all patients.

PMID- 6837520
TI  - The influences of sample distribution and age on reference intervals for adult
      males.
AB  - This investigation was designed to improve reference information and to evaluate
      the influences of sample distribution and age on the derived reference intervals.
      Specimens from 127 men were collected after a 12- to 14-hour fast and analyzed by
      60 different laboratory procedures. Differences in the reference intervals
      derived, using three separate statistical methods, appeared to be unimportant
      clinically, but the percentile method was preferred because it required no
      assumptions concerning the frequency distribution. Relationships between age and
      analyte concentrations were examined by linear regression analysis, and the
      analytes were placed in one of three groups, according to the significance of
      this relationship: greatest significance (P less than or equal to 0.01), 18
      analytes; intermediate significance (0.01 less than or equal to P less than or
      equal to 0.05), 12 analytes; and least significance (P greater than 0.05), 30
      analytes. The age-related changes for each analyte were evaluated according to
      analytic variation, population dispersion, and clinical relevance. Age-dependent
      reference intervals for adult males are recommended for albumin, cholesterol,
      phosphorus, and sedimentation rate.

PMID- 6837521
TI  - Heterogeneity of serum creatine kinase activity among racial and gender groups of
      the population.
AB  - To develop reference ranges for creatine kinase (CK) appropriate for the patient
      population served by this hospital, levels of serum CK were measured in 1,537
      individuals in our employee population. There was substantial heterogeneity in
      mean, median, and range of CK levels among the several race/gender subgroups in
      the population studied. The race/gender subgroups could be placed into three
      broad groups: a high CK group, composed solely of black men; an intermediate CK
      group, consisting of nonblack men plus black women; and a low CK group, comprised
      of nonblack women. Mean CK level of the high CK group was twice that of the
      intermediate CK group, which, in turn, was twice that of the low CK group.
      Differences in mean CK values among the subgroups placed into either the
      intermediate CK group or the low CK group were not significant when tested with
      analysis of variance. Therefore, practical reference ranges for these groups are
      as follows: 52-520 U/L for the high CK group; 35-345 U/L for the intermediate CK
      group; and 25-145 U/L for the low CK group.

PMID- 6837523
TI  - Further evidence on the effect of vitamin E on the cholesterol distribution in
      lipoproteins with special reference to HDL subfractions.
AB  - Earlier claims that oral administration of alpha-tocopherol results in
      significant and considerable increase in the serum total HDL concentration could
      not be substantiated. The present investigation does, however, show that
      lipoproteins are affected by alpha-tocopherol in other ways, the main effects
      being an increase in LDL-cholesterol and also in the HDL3-V cholesterol, an HDL3
      subfraction determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The established
      lipoprotein risk indices (LDL/HDL and HDL3/HDL2 ratios) were unfavorably affected
      as a result of alpha-tocopherol treatment. It is concluded that on the basis of
      available evidence, there is no reason to believe that alpha-tocopherol has a
      role to play in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 6837522
TI  - Demonstration of bacteroides capsules by light microscopy and ultrastructural
      cytochemistry.
AB  - Forty-six anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, including 26 members of the
      Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG), were examined for capsules by the India ink
      technic. Thirty-five were encapsulated, including all the BFG strains. As a
      follow-up, seven of these isolates and two previously studied reference strains
      (B. fragilis ATCC 23745 and Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482) were examined for
      capsules by ultrastructural cytochemistry. Using the periodic acid
      thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate (PATCSP) method of Thiery, all the BFG
      examined were encapsulated. In addition to the reference strains, this included
      one strain of B. fragilis and four of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. One non-BFG
      strain showed no capsular material. Differences between these results and those
      reported previously with the ruthenium red technic may reflect species
      differences in the chemical composition of Bacteroides capsules.

PMID- 6837524
TI  - Effects of two radiocontrast dyes on the detection of oligoclonal gamma globulins
      by high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The authors examined two radiocontrast dyes (iophendylate and metrizamide) for
      their effects on a high resolution agarose electrophoresis procedure for the
      detection of oligoclonal gamma globulins. Each dye was incubated with
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluated for effects on sample concentration and
      on protein migration. Iophendylate interfered with sample concentration but could
      be removed from CSF by centrifugation. Neither dye appeared to alter protein
      migration.

PMID- 6837525
TI  - Assessment of technologist workload as a factor in quality of laboratory
      performance.
AB  - A very significant effort in terms of dollars and man hours (up to 40% of
      workload) is spent on providing effective quality control in the chemistry
      laboratory. An important factor in quality of performance which is intuitively
      obvious but not readily quantitated is technologist workload. We have been able
      to significantly correlate (P less than 0.01) over a period of 4 years,
      performance in an external proficiency survey with technologist workload. Not
      surprisingly, the data suggests that the quality of test results diminishes as
      workload increases. The management strategy should then be directed towards
      decreasing workload possibly through appropriate automation.

PMID- 6837526
TI  - An unusual case of autoimmune agranulocytosis with total absence of myeloid
      precursors: demonstration of diverse sources of R binder for cobalamin in plasma
      and secretions.
AB  - An unusual autoimmune agranulocytosis featured intense plasmacytosis,
      hyperglobulinemia, and total absence of myeloid precursors. Remission was induced
      with prednisone and cyclophosphamide on two separate occasions, producing
      reversal of all the above abnormalities. Anti-granulocyte antibodies were
      demonstrated in relapse by staphylococcal protein A assay. During
      agranulocytosis, levels of the R binder for cobalamin in the blood were greatly
      diminished (20-60 pg/mL unsaturated binding capacity). Moreover, the acquired R
      binder deficiency was accompanied by the previously undescribed phenomenon of a
      shift of endogenous serum cobalamin to transcobalamin II; only 10-19% of
      endogenous cobalamin was attached to R binder. In remission, unsaturated R binder
      rose to normal levels and R binder also carried 78-91% of endogenous cobalamin.
      This confirms that granulocytes are responsible for most of the circulating R
      binder in humans. In contrast, salivary R binder concentration was normal
      throughout the patient's course, indicating that secretory R binder is
      nongranulocytic in origin. These data establish that R binder has more than one
      source in humans.

PMID- 6837527
TI  - Primary shunt hyperbilirubinemia associated with Gilbert's syndrome.
AB  - A patient with primary shunt hyperbilirubinemia associated with Gilbert's
      syndrome is described. The laboratory findings of unconjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia, mild reticulocytosis, normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia of
      bone marrow, increased plasma iron turnover, and normal peripheral red blood cell
      survival were consistent with increased intramedullary hemolysis. Nevertheless,
      unconjugated bilirubin level exceeding 4 mg/100 mL, in the absence of appreciable
      anemia and of biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction, suggested the
      coexistence of defective hepatic bilirubin clearance. The mode of inheritance and
      the effect of fasting and phenobarbital on bilirubin concentrations were
      indicative of associated Gilbert's syndrome.

PMID- 6837528
TI  - Desmoplastic fibroma of bone arising in fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 6837529
TI  - Thrombocytopenia associated with histoplasmosis and an elevated platelet
      associated IgG.
AB  - A patient with primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, symptomatic thrombocytopenia,
      and an associated elevation of platelet associated IgG during the acute phase of
      the illness is described. Whereas thrombocytopenia has been reported previously
      in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis, it appears that thrombocytopenia in
      a patient with nondisseminated histoplasmosis has not been described. Although
      certain clinical findings suggested idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,
      corticosteroids were not administered, and lymph node biopsy documented the
      presence of Histoplasma capsulatum. Similarly, elevated platelet associated IgG
      levels apparently have not been reported previously in thrombocytopenic patients
      with histoplasmosis. Possible mechanisms for thrombocytopenia associated with
      histoplasmosis are discussed.

PMID- 6837530
TI  - Quality control of mean platelet volume: a chimera?

PMID- 6837531
TI  - Medical student education in laboratory testing.

PMID- 6837532
TI  - Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: three
      validation studies.
AB  - Three studies are described in which measures of perceived social support from
      friends (PSS-Fr) and from family (PSS-Fa) were developed and validated. The PSS
      measures were internally consistent and appeared to measure valid constructs that
      were separate from each other and from network measures. PSS-Fr and PSS-Fa were
      both inversely related to symptoms of distress and psychopathology but the
      relationship was stronger for PSS-Fa. PSS-Fr was more closely related to social
      competence. PSS-Fa was unaffected by either positive or negative mood states
      (self-statements), but the reporting of PSS-Fr was lowered by negative mood
      states. High PSS-Fr subjects were significantly lower in trait anxiety and talked
      about themselves more to friends and sibs than low PSS-Fr subjects. Low PSS-Fa
      subjects showed marked verbal inhibition with sibs.

PMID- 6837534
TI  - Accuracy of clinicians' expectancies for psychiatric rehospitalization.
AB  - Rehospitalizations of 269 patients in a state community mental health center were
      compared to therapists' expectations at discharge for each patient's readmission
      within the next 2 years. Analysis of the residual variance (predicted minus
      observed rehospitalization) indicated that clinicians' prognostic judgments were
      biased in regard to patients' ethnicity: black patients were considered more
      likely to be rehospitalized than whites, although the opposite occurred. No
      evidence of gender-related bias was found. Clinicians' expectancies were
      influenced unduly by their perceptions of patients' severity of illness and
      cooperativeness. They apparently ignored the prognostic values of favorable
      factors such as lack of prior hospitalizations, youthfulness, lack of severe
      impairment, and living in a middle-class or residentially stable neighborhood.
      Therapists expected rehospitalization for two-thirds of their patients, but less
      than half actually returned. Predictors of rehospitalization were prior
      hospitalizations, age, and instability of the postdischarge neighborhood.

PMID- 6837533
TI  - Social support and disorder: toward an untangling of cause and effect.
AB  - Social support has become an increasingly popular concept and research tool for
      studying psychosocial factors in relation to many forms of disorder. The concept
      has promise from a research perspective and has considerable appeal due to its
      potential implications for treatment and prevention. However, the vast majority
      of studies examining support and disorder associations have contained major
      methodological problems. Using multiple regression procedures, the present study
      directly contrasts findings from retrospective analyses with results from three
      different types of prospective analyses (without controlling for prior symptoms,
      controlling for prior symptoms, and testing important interaction effects), both
      for psychological and for physical symptoms. The results demonstrate that support
      disorder associations vary as a function of the design employed, the control
      variables included, and the type of disorder studied. The implications of these
      findings are discussed for evaluating the existing literature on support-disorder
      associations and for current concepts of social environmental predictors of
      disorder.

PMID- 6837535
TI  - A critical analysis of paternity determination using HLA and five erythrocyte
      antigen systems.
AB  - Five hundred and thirty-seven cases of disputed paternity in North Carolina were
      tested for five erythrocyte polymorphisms, HLA antigens, or both. The data were
      analyzed to evaluate the ability of the tests to exclude the alleged father or to
      include the alleged father as the biological father. Incompatibility between the
      phenotypes of the alleged father, and those of the mother and child, were found
      in 40.6% of black males and 30.3% of white males (P less than 0.005). The rates
      of exclusion appeared to vary between countries in which the cases originated,
      although the significance of the differences could not be determined because of
      the small sample size. Using a Bayesian approach and 0.5 as the prior probability
      of paternity, we calculated the posterior probability of paternity for HLA and
      five erythrocyte systems combined as well as for HLA and erythrocyte systems
      separately. The probability of paternity values based on the combined HLA and RBC
      tests exceeded 95% in 299 of the 345 nonexcluded cases as compared to only 218
      cases based on HLA tests alone and 36 cases based on erythrocyte tests alone. We
      conclude that in approximately 10% of paternity cases in the population served by
      this laboratory, the information obtained is inconclusive. To resolve these
      cases, additional polymorphisms and/or a panel of genetic tests systems which can
      provide greater than 95% probability of exclusion is required.

PMID- 6837537
TI  - Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of multiple sclerosis. Hypothesis and
      fact.
AB  - Slow, retrograde seepage of ionic mercury from root canal or Class V amalgam
      fillings inserted many years previously, recurrent caries and corrosion around
      filling edges, and the oxidizing effect of the purulent response may lead to
      multiple sclerosis in middle age. Epidemiologic studies of MS consistently reveal
      more neurological disease in the north, inferentially because there may be less
      caries and therefore fewer fillings done in the south. Clinical and epidemiologic
      data also suggest that a second heavy metal, lead, may operate almost
      interchangeably with mercury. Possibly, cases of unilateral MS derive from
      mercury-amalgam fillings in ipsolateral teeth, whereas the generalized disease
      may result from ingestion or inhalation of volatile mercury or exhaust fumes of
      lead additives to gasoline. The forensic and preventive-medical challenge is to
      identify, monitor, and resolve questions of hidden heavy metal hazards in a high
      technology society, especially those of lead and mercury. Further clinical
      epidemiologic and basic science studies of heavy metal assays in whole blood, CNS
      tissues, packed cells, and serum are warranted. Prevention awaits further testing
      of the hypothesis and experience with substitute filling materials.

PMID- 6837536
TI  - Hepatocyte changes following selenium accumulation in a freshwater teleost.
AB  - This report provides morphological and analytical data for a group of green
      sunfish collected from an area relatively free of metals and a second group of
      the same species collected from a lake into which selenium had been discharged.
      Neutron activation data of livers (and kidneys) collected from these fish show an
      average of about 11 ppm selenium (fresh weight) for both organs; other metals
      were not detected in the liver (or kidneys) of these fish. Ultrastructural
      examination of livers from fish of this group showed focal necrosis, areas of
      granular cytoplasm, fatty infiltration, increased numbers of Kupffer cells, and
      disorganized liver architecture--compared with those of controls. The presence of
      massive levels of selenium in the liver and concomitant hepatocyte changes
      suggests a causal relationship between these phenomena.

PMID- 6837538
TI  - Diseases associated with asbestos exposure. Diagnostic perspectives in forensic
      pathology.
AB  - Asbestos, a fibrous mineral, has unique physical and chemical properties,
      including resistance to heat, acids, and other chemicals; flexibility; and great
      tensile strength. The fibers subdivide into unit fibrils of molecular dimensions,
      resulting in a vast mineral surface area which has a direct bearing on its
      unusual features and its numerous applications. Its biological effects, which
      include fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, may be related to the cellular reaction,
      to its large specific surface, or to the size and shape of the fibers. Its
      oncogenic action may be multiplied by other carcinogens, principally cigarette
      smoking. There is clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic evidence that exposure
      to asbestos, following a long latent period, constitutes an important health
      hazard. Direct occupational exposure, followed by a long lapsed period after the
      initial exposure, is associated with pleural plaques and pleural effusion,
      pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis (asbestosis), pulmonary carcinoma, pleural and
      peritoneal mesothelioma, and other neoplasms. Indirect exposure may also entail
      an increased risk of lung disease or mesothelioma or both. Medicolegal
      investigation of suspected cases includes a lifetime occupational history,
      clinical history including smoking habits, radiological findings, clinical
      evidence of asbestosis, and may require detection of asbestos tissue burden.

PMID- 6837539
TI  - Comparative electron-microscopic investigation of postmortem human heart muscle
      biopsy.
AB  - Based on Harvard criteria findings, comparative morphological investigation on
      postmortem heart muscle biopsy following coronary insufficiency after sudden
      cardiac death have been reported. The subendothelial layer of the left
      ventricular wall has revealed a severe interstitial edema, various types of actin
      myosin filamental destruction, mitochondrial damage, and disseminated muscle
      fiber necrosis. One of the first alterations observed was the change in
      transmembrane calcium and intracellular calcium metabolism. A decrease in
      succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activity was discovered early.

PMID- 6837541
TI  - Isolated congenital hypoplastic bicuspid pulmonary valve. Report of a case
      associated with seizure disorder in a 27-year-old man.

PMID- 6837540
TI  - Intramural ventricular fibroma of the heart. Incidental finding in a homicide
      victim.

PMID- 6837542
TI  - Diagnosis of early human myocardial ischemic damage with electron probe
      microanalysis.
AB  - We determined the Na/K x-ray intensity ratio in frozen sections of myocardial
      tissues obtained at autopsy from patients who died from various causes, using
      electron probe analysis. We have been able to distinguish between the
      ischemically injured and normal cells. The method is simple, fast, and dependable
      even when the duration of ischemia is only 30 minutes.

PMID- 6837543
TI  - Tooth extraction and oral sex.

PMID- 6837544
TI  - Secondary achalasia: association with adenocarcinoma of the lung and reversal
      with radiation therapy.
AB  - A case of secondary achalasia associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung is
      presented. Manometric studies before, during, and at the conclusion of radiation
      therapy demonstrated a return of orderly peristalsis, decrease in the elevated
      lower sphincter pressure, and a return of normal relaxation coincident with
      resolution of symptoms of dysphagia. The association with adenocarcinoma of the
      lung and resolution with radiation therapy alone have not been previously
      reported in secondary achalasia.

PMID- 6837545
TI  - Gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction due to pheochromocytoma.
AB  - A patient with a pheochromocytoma is described whose intermittent symptoms and
      clinical findings suggested upper gastrointestinal obstruction. The nature of
      this illness proved elusive until severe paroxysmal hypertension was noted during
      a periodic examination. The case report and gastrointestinal x-rays confirm the
      intermittent nature of both the gastrointestinal motility disturbances and the
      hypertension. The resolution of the gastrointestinal symptoms during a 3-years
      postoperative follow-up confirms the association. Gastrointestinal symptoms are
      rarely the predominant manifestation of pheochromocytoma, but recognition of this
      association may permit earlier diagnosis.

PMID- 6837546
TI  - Lactoferrin in pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - To investigate the role of lactoferrin in intraductal protein precipitates in
      chronic pancreatitis, lactoferrin was measured in pure pancreatic juice collected
      by endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cannulation using a sensitive and specific
      radioimmunoassay. Significant gradual increase in the lactoferrin concentration
      and output was observed in chronic pancreatitis (mean +/- SE = 1.13 +/- 0.04
      microgram/ml, 1.61 +/- 0.44 microgram/min for five controls; 4.73 +/- 0.70
      microgram/ml, 14.1 +/- 2.86 micrograms/min for 15 patients with noncalcified mild
      chronic pancreatitis; 23.6 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml, 28.4 +/- 13.4 micrograms/min
      for four with chronic pancreatitis with visible protein plugs or calculi). The
      total protein in the juice gradually decreased in chronic pancreatitis (12.8 +/-
      1.48 mg/ml for control, 7.6 +/- 1.37 for noncalcified, 5.2 +/- 1.27 for patients
      with plugs or calculi). Lactoferrin appears to rise as the disease progresses and
      although this may be important etiologically, it may also just be an accompanying
      protein which increases as the disease progresses.

PMID- 6837547
TI  - Endoscopic evaluation and therapy of periampullary adenoma.
AB  - Duodenoscopy has been helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of periampullary
      adenomas. Unlike colonic polyps, endoscopic appearance and histological
      classification is often difficult. A high incidence of carcinoma in these lesions
      requires their removal. Endoscopic polypectomy may be done, but only after
      documenting that the lesion does not contain ductal structures.

PMID- 6837548
TI  - The rapid determination of ascitic fluid L-lactate for the diagnosis of
      spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - We have prospectively studied the value of ascitic fluid lactic acid levels by a
      rapid kit method in the diagnosis of SBP. Forty-five nonconsecutive patients
      admitted with ascites were investigated and their ascitic fluid cell counts and
      clinical presentation compared with ascitic fluid lactic acid levels. There were
      seven patients with SBP, six of whom had positive cultures. PMN were greater than
      250/mm3 in 6/7 and lactic acid levels greater than 33 mg/dl in 7/7. In eight
      patients with malignancy without evidence of infection PMN was greater than
      250/mm3 in 8/8 and lactic acid greater than 33 mg/dl in 1/8. In the 30 patients
      (31 samples) with cirrhotic ascites without SBP, 5/31 had elevated PMN and none
      had elevated lactic acid levels. From this small number of patients, the
      predictive value of PMN greater than 250/mm3 is 32% compared to 88% for lactic
      acid levels (if patients with malignancy are included). The predictive value of a
      PMN less than 250/mm3 is 96% and of lactic acid less than 33 mg/dl is 100%. Our
      study confirms that of Brook et al. (5), which used the same method and when the
      lactic acid results of both studies are combined, the sensitivity of lactic acid
      in SBP is 100% (15/15), the specificity is 96% (79/82), the predictive value
      positive is 83% (15/18), and the predictive value negative is 100% (76/76). We
      conclude that lactic acid levels above 33 mg/dl are more reliable than a PMN
      above 250/mm3 but that PMN and lactic acid levels below these values both
      accurately predict the absence of SBP. Lactic acid levels can be determined
      within 15 min and with minimal cost (presently $1.45/test) by a readily available
      kit as well as by automated equipment.

PMID- 6837549
TI  - Infectious complications of the peritoneovenous shunt.
AB  - The peritoneovenous shunt has been recently advocated to relieve massive ascites
      refractory to medical therapy. Several complications of the shunt have been
      described but the incidence of infection has not been elucidated. We reviewed the
      records of all patients undergoing peritoneovenous shunt at the Emory University
      Affiliated Hospitals from 1975 to 1980. Eighty-five peritoneovenous shunts were
      done in 56 patients. Eighteen of the shunt insertions (21%) were followed by a
      major infection--eight bacteremias, eight peritonitis, and nine wound infections.
      Most infections were caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli or Staphylococcus
      aureus. Fever was common (62%) in the immediate postoperative period but was not
      clearly related to infection, or the administration of antibiotics or
      antipyretics. Shunt removal appeared to be necessary in treating bacteremic
      patients but not in patients with only peritonitis or wound infections. Infection
      is a common complication of the peritoneovenous shunt and may limit its
      usefulness.

PMID- 6837550
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography study in Alagille's syndrome:
      first report.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed the association between
      intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tree hypoplasia in an 8-year-old boy affected by
      Alagille's syndrome. The patient, in whom chronic cholestasis had been present
      from birth, presented characteristic facies, retarded growth, hepatomegaly, and
      splenomegaly. Chromosome studies were normal. HIDA Tc 99m appeared late in the
      gallbladder and emptied into the bowel after 3 h. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography showed marked and diffuse narrowing of the extrahepatic
      biliary ducts and uniform narrowing of the intrahepatic ducts with reduced
      arborization. Menghini needle biopsy revealed no interlobular ducts in the portal
      tracts. The last two techniques confirmed the clinical picture and made surgical
      diagnosis unnecessary. This is, as far as we know, the first time endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been used in the diagnosis of Alagille's
      syndrome.

PMID- 6837551
TI  - Giant pseudopolypoidal retrograde obstruction in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A partially obstructing giant pseudopolyp of the left colon precluded examination
      of the proximal colon by sigmoidoscope and by retrograde barium enema. Four
      ounces of oral Gastrografin was used to opacify the colon at 24 h. It is
      suggested that the use of water soluble contrast media has a role to play in
      colon investigation in special situations.

PMID- 6837552
TI  - Gastroenterology and the law.

PMID- 6837554
TI  - Death certification and coding for ischemic heart disease in Australia.
AB  - Trends in ischemic heart disease mortality are of current interest because death
      rates have declined rapidly in the United States, Australia, and some other
      countries during the last decade, although they have risen elsewhere. There is a
      need to assess the quality of the data from which such trends are calculated and
      to consider what information will be required to monitor accurately future
      patterns of incidence and mortality for this disease. This paper describes two
      investigations of routinely collected mortality data for ischemic heart disease
      in Australia. First, information obtained from a heart attack surveillance study
      was compared with officially recorded causes of death for a defined population
      during 1979. Second, mortality trends from 1969 to 1978 were compared between the
      major Australian states. Both studies showed that mortality data were accurate to
      within about 10%. However, for acute myocardial infarction and other
      subcategories of ischemic heart disease, the data were neither valid nor
      reliable. New diagnostic and coding practices are required before it will be
      possible to monitor accurately long-term trends in subcategories of ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 6837553
TI  - Social networks and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii.
AB  - A group of 4653 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii were studied for the
      association of measures of social networks with both the prevalence and incidence
      rates of coronary heart disease (Honolulu Heart Program, 1971-1979). Prevalence
      rates for myocardial infarction, angina, and total coronary heart disease were
      inversely associated with the social network scales in bivariate analyses with
      age, and in multivariate analyses including 12 other risk factors. With the
      incidence data, the associations were less evident. Bivariate analysis with age
      revealed inverse associations for nonfatal myocardial infarction and total
      coronary heart disease with only one of the social network scales. With
      multivariate analyses, there was no significant association of any subgroup of
      coronary heart disease with any scale, although there was a borderline
      association (p = 0.08) of nonfatal myocardial infarction with one scale. No
      individual question was significantly associated with either prevalence or
      incidence rates for coronary heart disease. There was also little evidence of
      reduced risk of incident coronary heart disease associated with the social
      network scale for men in high risk categories of serum cholesterol, blood
      pressure, and cigarette smoking.

PMID- 6837555
TI  - Environmental determinants, liver function, and high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol levels.
AB  - High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) is negatively associated with
      coronary heart disease. Environmental heart disease risk factors may partially be
      related to coronary heart disease through alterations in HDL-chol concentrations.
      Little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which environmental factors
      are related to HDL-chol. The authors investigated a possible mechanism: changes
      in liver function as a mediating link between risk factors and HDL-chol
      concentrations in marathon runners, alcoholics, and participants in the Multiple
      Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Liver function, as measured by liver enzymes, was
      related to both coronary heart disease risk factors and alcohol consumption,
      suggesting that the increased levels of HDL-chol associated with alcohol were
      primarily the result of changes in liver function. The relationship of obesity to
      HDL-chol could not be explained by the alterations in liver function.

PMID- 6837556
TI  - Epidemiologic characteristics of primary homicides in the United States.
AB  - Homicide is one of the five leading causes of death for all persons 1-44 years of
      age. Over half of the homicides occurring in 1979 did not involve the
      perpetration of another crime. The authors have defined these as primary
      homicides and suggest that these deaths require the formulation of public health
      and social services prevention strategies. An epidemiologic assessment of primary
      homicides in the United States for 1976 through 1979 showed the following. Sixty
      per cent of primary homicides were male victim/male offender events; 40% involved
      a female as a victim and/or as an offender. Three per cent of primary homicides
      were female victim/female offender events; 97% involved a male as a victim and/or
      as an offender. Primary homicides involving female victims or offenders were more
      frequently intrafamilial than those involving males, but rates of intrafamilial
      homicides by males were greater than those involving females. The preponderance
      of all primary homicides occurred between acquaintances, but the relationship
      between victim and offender varied with age, sex, and race. The weapons used
      varied with the victim's and offender's age, sex, and race, and with the
      relationship between victim and offender. Based on the described patterns,
      prevention measures should be divided into three broad areas: intrafamilial
      violence, extrafamilial violence, and male patterns of aggression. Key target
      populations for the first area include females, rural households, and the very
      young or very old. A key target population for the second area is teenage males.

PMID- 6837557
TI  - Predictive values of routine blood pressure measurements in screening for
      hypertension.
AB  - There presently is no consensus regarding criteria for hypertension screening or
      case finding. Blood pressure variability results in differential ascertainment,
      depending upon the number of screening visits, the number of measurements per
      visit, and the method used in reducing the data obtained to an underlying measure
      of blood pressure status. To develop screening rules, the authors have computed
      the predictive values of blood pressure measurements for particular age-, race-,
      and sex-specific groups. Predictive value computations require estimates of
      between- and within-visit variability and of prevalence. Estimates of variability
      were calculated from data obtained at a worksite or a community blood pressure
      program from 991 persons, aged 30-69 years and not currently on antihypertensive
      medications, who were screened over two to five visits, one week apart. Estimates
      of prevalence were obtained from the screening of 158,955 adults by the
      Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. Predictive values are presented for
      particular age-, race-, and sex-specific groups over a wide range of diastolic
      blood pressures, and are used to identify appropriate screening rules that
      minimize misclassification with the fewest possible blood pressure measurements.
      The results of a questionnaire sent to 30 hypertension experts indicated that the
      median acceptable predictive values for making screening decisions were 80% for
      predictive value positive and 77.5% for predictive value negative. When these
      criteria were adopted, 81%, 90%, and 93% of the subgroup of 901 persons with at
      least three visits from the above screened population were identified as having
      or not having true diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg
      after one, two, and three visits, respectively. The status of the remaining 7%
      remained uncertain after three visits.

PMID- 6837558
TI  - Occupational risk factors and liver cancer. A retrospective case-control study of
      primary liver cancer in New Jersey.
AB  - A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify occupational risk
      factors associated with primary liver cancer in New Jersey, with particular focus
      on agricultural occupations and pesticide exposures. Hospital record room, tumor
      registry, and death certificate searches for the diagnosis of primary liver
      cancer resulted in identification of 959 cases of which 335 were subsequently
      confirmed. Interviews were completed for 265 persons with liver cancer diagnosed
      between January 1, 1975 and March 1, 1980 and for 530 matched controls; 96% of
      all interviews were conducted with family members of deceased or incompetent
      study subjects. Analyses of employment in agricultural occupations identified
      male farm laborers as having an odds ratio of 1.89 (95% confidence interval (CI)
      1.19-3.00). An estimated relative risk of 3.20 (CI 1.11-9.21) was found for males
      engaged in winemaking. Among nonagricultural occupations, elevated risks were
      found for males working as bartenders and those employed in eating and drinking
      places, laundries and dry cleaning services, and gasoline service stations. An
      elevated risk of liver cancer was also associated with females employed as
      cleaning service workers. Hepatitis and cirrhosis could not be evaluated as risk
      factors in this study. Dose-response trends by level of alcohol consumption were
      found for both males and females.

PMID- 6837559
TI  - Human Campylobacter infection associated with certified raw milk.
AB  - Between May 27 and June 18, 1981, 50 individuals in 30 households in suburban
      Atlanta, Georgia, had a gastrointestinal illness caused by Campylobacter jejuni.
      Epidemiologic evidence strongly associated consumption of unpasteurized milk with
      illness. A culture survey confirmed fecal carriage of C. jejuni by cows in the
      implicated dairy and in a control dairy, but failed to document presence of the
      organism in the milk. The standard plate counts and leukocyte counts (two
      indicators of microbiologic quality of milk), facilities, and operating
      procedures at the implicated dairy were all within accepted levels for production
      of Grade A raw milk in Georgia. Inasmuch as the parameters used by regulatory
      officials to determine the wholesomeness of milk were not violated at the
      implicated dairy, the only means available to ensure the public's health would be
      proper pasteurization before consumption.

PMID- 6837560
TI  - The descriptive epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in New York City.
AB  - A total of 348 cases of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae were
      reported to and investigated by the New York City Department of Health during the
      six years 1973-1978. The descriptive epidemiology and completeness of reporting
      of this disease entity are presented. The total crude incidence was estimated at
      1.46 cases per 100,000 population per year. The high-risk age categories were
      less than 5 years and greater than or equal to 65 years. The incidence of
      pneumococcal meningitis for blacks with sickle cell disease was much greater than
      that for other blacks, who, in turn, had a higher rate than whites. The overall
      case fatality ratio was 0.590. The case fatality increased with increasing age
      and was higher in nonwhites than in whites. Twenty-four per cent of all cases had
      predisposing chronic conditions which would have qualified them for the
      polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine under the present guidelines.

PMID- 6837561
TI  - Familial aggregation of blood pressure and weight in adoptive families. III.
      Analysis of the role of shared genes and shared household environment in
      explaining family resemblance for height, weight and selected weight/height
      indices.
AB  - This study presents an analysis of the role of genetic and household environment
      in explaining the familial aggregation of height (HT), weight (WT), and body mass
      indices (WT/HT1.2 and WT/HT2.0). The biologic model used for the analysis
      partitions the covariances between family members into the contributions of
      genetic and environmental variability shared within and across generations,
      including a variance component shared only by a mother and her natural children.
      Tests of hypotheses suggest that shared genes and shared household environmental
      factors make significant contributions to the familial aggregation of WT
      (adjusted for age and sex) and of HT (adjusted for age and sex), whereas family
      resemblance of WT adjusted for age and HT can be attributed mostly to the effects
      of shared genes. The familial aggregation of selected WT/HT indices is attributed
      to the effects of shared household environment only, suggesting that these
      variables measure a characteristic of stature that is independent of height and
      weight.

PMID- 6837562
TI  - Investigation of nonresponse bias in NHANES II.
AB  - In the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), there
      was a 27% nonresponse rate in the examination phase. This report investigates the
      potential bias in these data due to this large nonresponse rate. Data from a
      household and medical history interview are used in the investigation of factors
      related to examination status. In addition, data from the examined group are
      compared to data from the 1976 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Since
      there was only a 3.7% nonresponse rate for the 1976 NHIS, proportions calculated
      from these data represent reasonable estimates of the true population values.
      Several variables have a significant association with the interview and
      examination status. However, it appears that the nonresponse and
      poststratification adjustments performed by the National Center for Health
      Statistics have removed most of these factors as sources of bias. There is
      excellent agreement in the marginal distribution of variables between NHANES II
      for examined persons and the 1976 NHIS.

PMID- 6837564
TI  - Re: "Case definition in case-control studies of the efficacy of screening".

PMID- 6837563
TI  - Re: "An alternative to ecologic regression analysis of mortality rates".

PMID- 6837567
TI  - Correlation of in vitro culture pattern and Q-banded karyotype in acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Both cytogenetic abnormalities and in vitro growth patterns of leukemic cells
      have prognostic significance in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The present
      study was undertaken to analyze the interrelationship between these two factors
      and response to therapy. Blast cells from 43 patients with de novo ANLL, four
      patients with secondary ANLL, and two patients with ANLL following a preleukemic
      phase were studied using both in vitro culture in methylcellulose and quinacrine
      chromosome banding techniques. In 19 patients with de novo ANLL, minimal growth
      in culture (less than or equal to 5 colonies without prominence of small
      clusters) was noted (Pattern I). Blast cells from the remaining 24 patients
      formed numerous abnormal clusters and colonies in a continuum distribution
      (Pattern II). Sixty-three percent of Pattern I patients had completely normal
      karyotypes (NN). Only 29% of Pattern II patients were NN. No Pattern I patient
      had only abnormal karyotypes (AA), while 25% of Pattern II patients were AA (p
      less than 0.05). All six patients with secondary leukemia or leukemia following a
      preleukemic phase demonstrated both Pattern II growth and cytogenetic
      abnormalities. Fifty-six percent of Pattern I patients with de novo ANLL
      responded to chemotherapy, 35% of Pattern II patients responded, and 0% of
      patients with secondary or post-preleukemic ANLL responded. The correlation
      between the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities in leukemic cells and a pattern
      of excessive, abnormal growth in vitro coupled with the trend toward poor
      prognosis in these patients suggests that cytogenetically abnormal cells may have
      a proliferative advantage both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6837568
TI  - Absence of prolonged benefit of initial leukapheresis therapy for hairy cell
      leukemia.
AB  - Four patients with the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia were treated with
      leukapheresis. Two patients failed to respond, and the other two had only
      transient responses; hematologic improvement lasted one month in one case and
      four months in the second. The patient with a four-month response underwent a
      second series of leukapheresis resulting in a response lasting at least 8 months.
      Two of the four patients subsequently had an adequate trial of prolonged
      chlorambucil therapy and continued to have a clinical response. We conclude that
      leukapheresis has little to offer to the majority of hairy cell patients for the
      long-term management of post-splenectomy patients who develop the leukemic phase.
      However, an occasional patient can have a transient, and even, rarely, a
      prolonged response.

PMID- 6837566
TI  - Mechanism of canine cyclic hematopoiesis: the role of prostaglandin E in feedback
      regulation.
AB  - Prostaglandin E inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro in man
      and mouse, suggesting that it plays a role in feedback regulation of granulocyte
      production in vivo. Therefore, we examined the role of PGE in normal canine
      hematopoiesis and its potential role in the pathogenesis of cyclic hematopoiesis
      in grey collie dogs. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indomethacin and
      ibuprofen (10(-5) M) increased CFU-C growth to 194 and 160% of control,
      respectively, while PGE2 addition caused a dose-dependent inhibition of bone
      marrow CFU-C growth in both normal and grey collie dogs. These concentrations of
      indomethacin and ibuprofen decreased bone marrow cell elaboration of PGE measured
      by radioimmunoassay to less than 5% of control values. The levels of PGE in
      leukocyte conditioned medium prepared from grey collies correlated with the
      number of monocytes in the conditioning cell suspension (r = 0.78, n = 10, p less
      than 0.05) so that PGE production per monocyte was no different in normal and
      grey collie dogs. The effect of PGE2 upon CFU-C was to inhibit formation of
      macrophage, but not neutrophil colony subtypes. These findings make aberrant PGE
      mediated inhibition of precursor cells an unlikely mechanism to cause cyclic
      hematopoiesis, and show that PGE produced by monocytes acts as a feedback
      inhibitor for precursor cells destined to produce monocytes but not for those
      destined to form neutrophils.

PMID- 6837565
TI  - Increased adsorption of cytoplasmic proteins to the erythrocyte membrane in ATP
      depleted normal and pyruvate kinase-deficient mature cells and reticulocytes.
AB  - How the metabolic defect of pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK(-)) accelerates red
      blood cell (RBC) destruction is not established, but may be related to RBC
      membrane abnormalities associated with altered cellular metabolism. Furthermore,
      it has been shown that PK(-) reticulocytes are especially sensitive to metabolic
      depletion. Therefore, we compared the membranes of reticulocyte-rich PK(-) RBC,
      both fresh and ATP depleted, with membranes of fresh and ATP depleted normal
      mature RBC and reticulocytes. There was no difference between the specific
      gravity (SG) of the membranes of normal mature RBC (SG 1.152 +/- 0.004) and
      membranes of reticulocyte-rich RBC from several anemias (SG 1.150 +/- 0.002).
      However, membranes from fresh, reticulocyte-rich PK(-) RBC were dense with SG of
      1.165 +/- 0.004 which correlated with a corresponding increase of protein to
      lipid phosphorus ratio of 66 +/- 8 micrograms protein/micrograms lipid phosphorus
      (normal 52 +/- 6 micrograms/micrograms). The membrane density of PK(-) RBC was
      further increased when the PK(-) RBC ATP was depleted by anaerobic incubation (SG
      1.188 +/- 0.004) or cyanide inhibition (SG 1.182 +/- 0.001). When ATP was
      depleted in normal RBC and in non-PK(-) reticulocytes, corresponding increases in
      membrane SG occurred. A distinctive 50,000 MW peptide is adsorbed from the
      cytoplasm to the membranes of reticulocytes (both normal and PK(-) when these
      cells were depleted of ATP. The increased membrane adsorption of cytoplasmic
      proteins by PK(-) RBC was not associated with increased RBC calcium uptake,
      sulfhydryl oxidation, or altered membrane protein phosphorylation. All the
      observed abnormalities of PK(-) RBC membranes could by reproduced by ATP
      depletion of reticulocyte-enriched non-PK(-) RBC.

PMID- 6837570
TI  - Febrile transfusion reaction following initial transfusion in a man with
      immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and granulocyte autoantibodies.
AB  - A 69-year-old man with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia who had no previous exposure to blood products developed a severe febrile
      nonhemolytic transfusion reaction following the initial infusion of packed red
      blood cells. The reaction recurred with transfusion of packed red blood cells,
      but not when freeze-thawed red blood cells were used. Immunofluorescence
      techniques demonstrated granulocyte antibodies in his serum and on the surface of
      his granulocytes. Circulating immune complex, HLA, and platelet antibodies were
      not present. The granulocyte antibodies fluctuated in titers with disease
      activities, and could be completely removed from the serum by autologous
      granulocyte absorption. We conclude that our patient had granulocyte
      autoantibodies which probably produced febrile transfusion reactions.

PMID- 6837572
TI  - Pericardial tamponade associated with myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - A 32-year-old white male with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia developed pericardial
      tamponade shortly after elective splenectomy. Tamponade was relieved by
      pericardiocentesis but recurred, necessitating partial pericardiectomy. Following
      surgery and a course of radiation therapy to the heart, there was no further
      significant reaccumulation of fluid. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated foci of
      extramedullary hematopoiesis in the pericardium. To our knowledge, pericardial
      tamponade has not previously been reported as a biopsy-proven complication of
      myeloid metaplasia.

PMID- 6837573
TI  - An unusual neurologic reaction following polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in a
      patient with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 6837569
TI  - Transcobalamin II deficiency associated with unusual bone marrow findings and
      chromosomal abnormalities.
AB  - A female infant presented at seven weeks of age with failure to thrive,
      progressively severe pancytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia and, mucosal ulceration.
      Bone marrow morphology showed severed megaloblastic changes in the myeloid series
      with a shift to the left and an increased number of blasts with abnormal
      morphology. Erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes were markedly decreased.
      Cytogenetic studies showed marked aneuploidy and increased chromosomal breakage.
      Treatment with high doses of vitamin B12 resulted in a dramatic clinical response
      with hematological values becoming normal. The patient's serum showed absence of
      transcobalamin II, and very little TC I and TC III binding. The patient's parents
      had only half the lower limits of normal transcobalamin II. QUSO G-32 was used
      for separation of transcobalamins, and the results were confirmed by Sephacryl S
      300. This case illustrates the usefulness of QUSO in the rapid diagnosis of
      transcobalamin II deficiency.

PMID- 6837571
TI  - Monocytes with binding capacity to sheep red blood cells in a case of acute
      undifferentiated leukemia.

PMID- 6837574
TI  - Essential thrombocythemia: a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cell.
AB  - We studied 5 patients with essential thrombocythemia utilizing glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) enzyme as a cell marker for determining
      clonality. One of the patients was found to be heterozygous for isoenzymes B and
      A in the nonhaemopoietic tissues such as fibroblasts, but manifested only
      isoenzyme type B in the erythrocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. Our studies
      support the concept that essential thrombocythemia is a clonal disorder arising
      in a multipotent stem cell.

PMID- 6837575
TI  - Segregation and linkage analyses in families of patients with bipolar, unipolar,
      and schizoaffective mood disorders.
AB  - Hypotheses of single major locus transmission (autosomal and X chromosome) of
      major affective disorder (i.e., bipolar, unipolar, and schizoaffective) are
      tested using the Elston-Stewart likelihood method of pedigree segregation
      analysis. The sample consists of families of varying size ascertained through
      patients treated at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda,
      Maryland. We test hypotheses on subsamples of families according to: (1)
      diagnosis of proband (75 bipolar I, 22 bipolar II, 18 unipolar, and six
      schizoaffective); (2) extreme value of a biological trait in the proband ("low"
      monoamine oxidase, "low" cerebrospinal fluid serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA); and
      (3) positive response to lithium in the proband. We cannot find evidence for
      single major locus transmission of major affective disorder from segregation
      analysis in any subsample of family even when the diagnostic classification of
      ill phenotypes is widened to include possible affective "spectrum" diagnoses. In
      addition, linkage studies of 21 autosomal markers do not provide evidence for
      single major locus transmission of illness. The maximum lod score, found for 30
      families at the MNS locus, was 1.39 at 20% recombination.

PMID- 6837578
TI  - Reproductive toxicology.

PMID- 6837576
TI  - The frequency and mutation rate of balanced autosomal rearrangements in man
      estimated from prenatal genetic studies for advanced maternal age.
AB  - The frequencies of balanced chromosome rearrangements were estimated from three
      series of advanced maternal-age prenatal genetic studies, and were compared to
      the frequencies that had been estimated from consecutive newborn surveys. In the
      maternal-age prenatal studies, the frequencies were: Robertsonian translocations,
      0.11%; reciprocal translocations, 0.17%; and inversions, 0.12%. The total
      frequency of balanced rearrangements in the prenatal genetic studies performed
      with banding (0.40%, or 1 in 250) was twice that in the consecutive newborn
      surveys performed without banding (0.19%, or 1 in 526). The difference was
      limited to inversions and reciprocal translocations; the frequency of
      Robertsonian translocations was similar in the prenatal series and the newborn
      surveys. Both familial and de novo rearrangements were more common than
      anticipated. The de novo cases provided a mutation rate estimate of 4.3 per
      10,000 gametes per generation (compared with 1.78 to 2.2 per 10,000 gametes in
      other surveys). These higher estimates may more reliably approximate the true
      mutation rate and frequencies of balanced rearrangements in the newborn
      population than do the newborn surveys.

PMID- 6837577
TI  - Analysis of active and inactive complement C4 complotypes associated with
      subtypes of HLA-B17 in different racial groups.
AB  - HLA-A, B, and C antigens and the HLA-linked markers BF, C2, and C4 were
      determined in 1,799 unrelated Caucasians, 140 North American blacks, 140 Chinese,
      and 66 Japanese. One allele of the C4A locus (Rodgers), C4A*6, was found to code
      for a functionally inactive product in HLA-B17 (Bw57)-positive individuals, but
      for a functionally active product in HLA-B37- or HLA-B27-positive individuals.
      Further studies revealed that the functionally inactive C4A*6 gene product was
      found only in one subtype of HLA-B17, namely, 17.1 (Bw57, long). In addition, it
      was found that the frequency of the other subtype of HLA-B17, namely, 17.2(Bw58,
      short) varies greatly in different populations and that HLA-Bw58 is associated
      with either C4A*3,B*1 or C4A*3,B*Q0.

PMID- 6837580
TI  - Reproductive toxicology: state of the art, 1982.

PMID- 6837579
TI  - Problems and pitfalls in conducting epidemiological research in the area of
      reproductive toxicology.
AB  - Defective reproductive outcome continues to represent a considerable public
      health burden, as well as a source of intense personal tragedy and enormous
      expense in our society. Evidence suggests that the rate of reproductive failure
      may be modifiable, in part by limiting human exposure to environmental agents
      toxic to the reproductive process. Methodological problems posing difficulties to
      researchers investigating the association between exposure to such agents and
      adverse reproductive outcome are discussed, including inadequacies in existing
      data bases available for analysis; bias in reporting by or in the collection of
      information from affected families; and weaknesses in the selection of study
      populations, "control" groups, and outcomes chosen for observation. Suggestions
      for possible resolution of some of these difficulties are discussed.

PMID- 6837581
TI  - Early mammalian embryonic development.
AB  - This report examines the major events occurring during the first month of
      development in the human embryo. Developmental events are detailed, beginning
      with cleavage of the zygote and ending with the formation of the three primary
      germ layers. Certain aspects of early human development are compared with that in
      lower forms of vertebrates to emphasize species differences in these basic
      embryological processes. A discussion of the formation of identical twins is
      included, since it has its inception during the first month of development.

PMID- 6837582
TI  - Relevance of parameters related to fertility and reproduction in toxicity
      testing.
AB  - Toxicity data of 37 compounds tested in both a subchronic study and one or more
      studies focused on reproduction were evaluated to obtain information on the
      significance of fertility and reproduction parameters in setting no-effect levels
      (NEL). It appeared that a) the test system aimed at reproduction and development
      was more sensitive than the subchronic study for 35% of the selected compounds
      and was equally sensitive for another 35%; b) for 65% of these compounds
      parameters related to reproduction and development were at least codecisive in
      determining the minimal-effect level (MEL); c) for 21% of all compounds,
      parameters related to reproduction were the most sensitive and therefore decisive
      for the MEL. It was concluded that reproduction in its broadest sense is a very
      sensitive tool in toxicity testing. The possibilities of either applying a simple
      screen of fertility and reproduction at an early stage of toxicity testing or
      incorporating fertility and reproduction parameters in the current subchronic
      study are discussed.

PMID- 6837583
TI  - Importance of anti-lung antibody in farmer's lung disease.
AB  - The presence of anti-lung antibody was evaluated in 20 patients with farmer's
      lung disease. Antibody was found in 14. In patients with disease of less than
      five years' duration, there was no evidence of any significant differences in
      vital capacity, total lung capacity, diffusion capacity, and PaO2 between those
      with and without anti-lung antibody. However, in patients with disease of longer
      than five years' duration, the diffusion capacity was lower in the anti-lung
      antibody-positive group (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of abnormalities of
      vital capacity and diffusion capacity and fibrosis on chest roentgenograms was
      higher in those who had anti-lung antibody and disease of more than five years'
      duration. The study suggests that anti-lung antibody is present before permanent
      measurable physiologic abnormality occurs and may potentiate the pulmonary damage
      during subsequent episodes.

PMID- 6837585
TI  - Intracranial tuberculoma: conservative management.
AB  - Twenty cases of intracranial tuberculoma were treated by us. A clinical
      radiographic syndrome was recognized, consisting of an avascular enhancing mass
      lesion surrounded by marked edema and associated with relatively less severe
      clinical manifestations than would have been expected from the size and location
      of the lesion. This allowed successful medical therapy with three antituberculous
      drugs for an average of 12 months. Steroids, when used, were beneficial in
      relieving symptoms of cerebral edema without causing spread of tuberculosis.
      Medically treated patients had a significantly better functional recovery than
      those from whom the tuberculoma was excised.

PMID- 6837584
TI  - Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or
      without established diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Animal experiments employing controlled degrees of cerebral ischemia have
      demonstrated that elevated blood-brain glucose concentrations greatly enhance the
      extent and degree of subsequent brain damage. The question of whether or not a
      similar relationship applies in man was examined by retrospectively segregating
      patients admitted with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke into diabetic (n = 35)
      and nondiabetic (n = 72) groups. A separate nondiabetic population with ischemic
      stroke was prospectively analyzed by dividing patients into those with an
      admission blood glucose level above (n = 14) or below (n = 17) 120 mg/dl. The
      neurologic status at discharge was used to stratify outcome as good, fair, or
      poor in the retrospective study. The ability or inability to return to work was
      used to separate good and poor outcomes in the prospective study. Neurologic
      outcome in diabetic patients with stroke was significantly worse (p less than
      0.05) than in nondiabetic patients, and the diabetic patients had a greater (p
      less than 0.05) number of stroke-related deaths. In the prospective study,
      neurologic outcome also was worse with high blood sugar levels, only 43 percent
      of the patients with blood glucose values above 120 mg/dl returned to work,
      whereas 76 percent of those with lower blood sugar values regained employment (p
      = 0.061).

PMID- 6837586
TI  - Left ventricular functional alterations at rest and during submaximal exercise in
      patients with recent myocardial infarction.
AB  - Submaximal exercise testing with radionuclide ventriculography was performed in
      117 patients prior to hospital discharge 16.7 +/- 6.7 days (SD) following acute
      myocardial infarction. The hypothesis tested in this study was that patients with
      different locations and types of infarction have different functional responses
      to submaximal exercise prior to discharge. The distribution of the myocardial
      infarctions were anterior transmural in 33, inferior transmural in 39, anterior
      nontransmural in 23, inferior nontransmural in 19, and indeterminant in three.
      Patients with transmural infarction generally had significantly larger resting
      left ventricular volumes at end-diastole and end-systole and lower ejection
      fractions and systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume indexes than patients
      with nontransmural infarctions (p less than 0.05). During submaximal exercise,
      the change in end-systolic volume was significantly different in these two
      groups. When patients were separated further into anterior and inferior
      transmural subgroups, the patients with anterior transmural infarction had
      significantly lower left ventricular ejection fractions and higher right
      ventricular ejection fractions than the group with inferior transmural infarction
      (p less than 0.05). In response to exercise, the group with anterior transmural
      infarction had a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and a
      blunted systolic blood pressure/left ventricular end-systolic volume index, in
      comparison to patients with inferior myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05);
      this was the only group to have a significant increase in end-systolic volume.
      The group variance for the parameters studied was large, particularly during
      exercise when the individual responses were frequently directionally opposite
      from the group means. The group with anterior transmural infarction was the most
      homogeneous, with 26 of 33 having a directionally abnormal response to submaximal
      exercise. It was concluded that the group with anterior transmural infarction
      generally displayed the most abnormal left ventricular function. However, despite
      significant group differences in resting ventricular function with different
      infarcts, the intragroup variability at rest and in response to exercise was too
      great to permit an accurate prediction of the subject's resting ventricular
      performance or to permit a prediction of exercise response based solely on
      location of the infarct.

PMID- 6837587
TI  - Peritoneal access and related complications in continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - Over a four-year period, 50 patients underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis. After 24 months, 48 percent of the patients continued to receive
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment (including those who
      underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with bottled solutions from
      1977 to 1978). Using solutions in plastic bags, 63 percent of patients continued
      to undergo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after 24 months. The
      mortality rate at 24 months was 23 percent overall and 15 percent for those using
      plastic bags. There was an overall average of 2.4 episodes of peritonitis a year
      per patient and 1.3 episodes a year per patient from 1979 through 1980, when only
      the technique with plastic bags was used. The number of days a patient was
      hospitalized averaged 48 per year, and 37 days per year in 1979 and 1980. Fifty
      five percent of catheters remained functional at 24 months. Other complications
      included 15 hernias, 15 skin and tunnel infections, 12 leaks, and five cuff
      extrusions. Improved catheters and further reductions in the incidence of
      peritonitis will most likely result in a decreased number of patients who
      withdraw from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.

PMID- 6837588
TI  - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in neutropenic patients. Reduction of
      infections and effect on bacterial and fungal flora.

PMID- 6837589
TI  - Simultaneous infection with Legionella pneumophila and Pittsburgh pneumonia
      agent. Clinical features and epidemiologic implications.
AB  - Nosocomial pneumonia caused simultaneously by two organisms, Legionella
      pneumophila and the Pittsburgh pneumonia agent, was documented in seven patients
      in one institution. In all seven cases, both organisms were demonstrated by
      isolation from culture or visualization by direct immunofluorescence. Four
      patients died as a result of pneumonia, including two who received erythromycin
      therapy. The hospital water distribution system appeared to be the reservoir for
      both L. pneumophila and Pittsburgh pneumonia agent. These seven cases constituted
      26.9 percent and 17.9 percent of the cases of Pittsburgh pneumonia agent and
      Legionnaires' disease, respectively, at one institution. Given this relatively
      high incidence of dual infection, it is likely that the mode of transmission for
      both organisms is identical. Dual infection may account for some cases of
      antibody response to more than one Legionella species. Historical parallels of
      the discovery of L. pneumophila and Pittsburgh pneumonia agent are reviewed.

PMID- 6837590
TI  - Chemotherapy in advanced Kaposi's sarcoma. Implications for current cases in
      homosexual men.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma has recently appeared in an aggressive form in young, previously
      healthy, homosexual men. The disease in these patients corresponds most closely
      to disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma common in areas of Africa. This and the
      underlying acquired immune deficiency in the current patients in the United
      States affect the choice of appropriate therapy. Because Kaposi's sarcoma in
      these patients is rapidly progressive, it often requires aggressive systemic
      therapy, but this can be difficult given the patients' susceptibility to
      opportunistic infections. Reports from Africa suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma is
      very responsive to several chemotherapeutic agents, but these data must be
      interpreted cautiously because of problems in study design and differences
      between cases in Africa and the United States. This report reviews the clinical
      classification of Kaposi's sarcoma and the reported results of chemotherapy in
      patients with advanced disease. Implications of this experience in the treatment
      of recent cases in the United States are discussed.

PMID- 6837592
TI  - Neurologic deterioration and death in a 27-year-old man with chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 6837591
TI  - The superiority of the metyrapone test versus the high-dose dexamethasone test in
      the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Differentiating the cause of Cushing's syndrome traditionally has depended upon
      measuring the response of 24-hour urine samples of cortisol or glucocorticoid
      metabolites to the high-dose (8 mg per day) dexamethasone test. The metyrapone
      test, however, is more convenient because it is a shorter test and requires the
      obtainment of serum samples, which can be collected more simply and more reliably
      than 24-hour urine samples. The usefulness of these two tests has not been
      adequately evaluated in a large series of patients with Cushing's syndrome. This
      study prospectively evaluated the accuracy of the dexamethasone and metyrapone
      tests in determining the cause of Cushing's syndrome in a series of 25 unselected
      patients. The diagnostic accuracy of these tests was calculated as follows:
      diagnostic accuracy = true positives and true negatives/study population X 100.
      Results of this study demonstrated that the metyrapone test was more accurate
      than the dexamethasone test in differentiating Cushing's disease from
      adrenocortical neoplasm (diagnostic accuracy, 100 percent versus 81 percent). All
      patients with Cushing's disease had a normal postmetyrapone 11-deoxycortisol
      concentration (greater than 10 micrograms/dl), while all patients with
      adrenocortical neoplasm had a suppressed 11-deoxycortisol concentration (less
      than 10 micrograms/dl). Thus, this study demonstrates that the metyrapone test is
      superior to the high-dose dexamethasone test in the differential diagnosis of
      Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 6837593
TI  - Compliance with cancer therapy by patients and physicians.
AB  - Although compliance with treatment regimens has been shown to be a significant
      problem in many areas of medicine, there are little data quantitatively
      describing the extent of the compliance problem for cancer patients.
      Traditionally, compliance has been understood as the degree to which a patient's
      behavior coincides with the prescribed medical regimen. However, patient behavior
      may be only one of several factors that determine compliance; other important
      components may include physician behavior, the patient-physician relationship,
      and the patient's support system, including family. In this report, we review the
      literature on cancer compliance in terms of the patient, the physician, and
      patient-physician relationships. Subgroups of patients are identified as
      appropriate for compliance research, and methodologic considerations and research
      strategies are explored.

PMID- 6837594
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes: dedicated professional phagocytes.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are termed professional phagocytes because they are
      specially equipped to seek and destroy invading microorganisms. Polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes are formed in the bone marrow and released into the circulation, where
      they are transported to the tissues. At sites of tissue invasion by
      microorganisms, humoral factors are released that induce these cells to leave the
      bloodstream and enter the tissues. Chemotactic substances guide polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes to the infecting organisms. Antibody and complement can function as
      opsonins and enhance the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to engulf
      microbes. Ingested organisms are killed by oxidative or nonoxidative systems.
      Defects in the various aspects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function may be
      found in patients with recurrent, severe, or unusual infections. Evaluation of
      selected patients with recurrent infections should include tests of
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

PMID- 6837596
TI  - Hypercalcemia in disseminated candidiasis.

PMID- 6837595
TI  - Prolactinomas as part of the multiple endocrine neoplastic syndrome type 1.
AB  - The pituitary tumors seen in the multiple endocrine neoplastic syndrome type 1
      have generally been considered "nonfunctional." Fewer than 40 persons with
      hyperprolactinemia as part of the syndrome have been described. A family with the
      largest number of subjects (six) with prolactinomas in one generation reported to
      date is described. The variable aggressiveness of this disease, the difficulty in
      treatment because of multiple prolactinomas or hyperplasia or both, and a case of
      tumor shrinkage with bromocriptine therapy are also demonstrated in this unique
      family.

PMID- 6837599
TI  - The chief medical residency in the 1980s.

PMID- 6837598
TI  - The generalist: a jaundiced view.

PMID- 6837597
TI  - Ethical issues in choosing treatment plans.

PMID- 6837601
TI  - Relapses after interruption of cyanocobalamin therapy in patients with pernicious
      anemia.
AB  - One or more episodes of recurrent megaloblastic anemia occurred in 36 (10.8
      percent) of 333 patients with pernicious anemia following interruption of
      therapy. Treatment had most commonly been discontinued by patients because they
      felt well, or by physicians due to error. Thirty-five episodes of recurrent
      cobalamin deficiency were analyzed in detail. In the 24 patients in whom the
      exact date of cessation of therapy was recorded, the mean interval before relapse
      was diagnosed was 64.5 months (range 21 to 123 months). Recurrence manifested as
      macrocytosis in the absence of anemia occurred earlier (mean, 49.2 months) than
      that associated with anemia (73.1 months). A weak correlation was apparent
      between the amount of previous cyanocobalamin treatment and time to relapse. One
      third of relapses were unrecognized and left untreated for more than two years,
      while usually slow hematologic progression occurred. Recurrences of cobalamin
      deficiency in individual patients exhibited mimetic features. Further study is
      necessary to establish the optimal dosage and frequency of maintenance therapy in
      pernicious anemia.

PMID- 6837600
TI  - Effects of blood transfusion on exercise capacity in patients with sickle-cell
      anemia.
AB  - Although sickle cells have increased intracellular viscosity, the viscosity of
      patient's blood is usually not increased, because of the low hematocrit typically
      found in such patients. When patients receive transfusions, their exercise
      capacity increases, but it is unclear whether the change is due primarily to
      increased hemoglobin concentration, or also reflects improved flow properties of
      the blood due to dilution of sickle cells with normal erythrocytes. To evaluate
      the relative importance of these two factors, submaximal exercise studies were
      performed before and after a series of transfusions. Exercise capacity improved
      and the patients were able to perform increased amounts of work at lower heart
      rates. Regression analyses indicated that the percent of sickle cells in
      patient's blood did not have a significant effect on exercise capacity after the
      transfusion-induced increase in hemoglobin concentration was taken into account.
      At the hematocrits typically found in patients, altered viscosity of blood due to
      the presence of sickle cells is much less important than hemoglobin concentration
      as a determinant of exercise capacity.

PMID- 6837602
TI  - Prognostic factors in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Importance of lactic
      dehydrogenase level, performance status, and white blood cell count.
AB  - In 220 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma, objective tumor response to
      chemotherapy and survival were related to the following parameters: age, sex,
      performance status, time interval from diagnosis to metastases, initial site of
      metastases, and initial white blood cell count, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline
      phosphatase, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Each variable was first
      evaluated separately. By conventional statistical methods, none of the variables
      significantly predicted response, although the following parameters significantly
      (p less than 0.01) predicted survival: Patients with an initially normal level of
      lactic dehydrogenase versus those with an abnormal level of lactic dehydrogenase
      had median survivals of 16 and 7.0 months, respectively; normal versus abnormal
      carcinoembryonic antigen levels, 23 and 9.2 months, respectively; white blood
      cell count of less than 10,000 versus greater than 10,000 cells/mm3, 11 and 7.0
      months, respectively; performance status of greater than 70 versus less than 60,
      11 and 6.6 months, respectively; and lung versus liver metastases, 12 and 8.0
      months, respectively. By studying the variables together with multivariate
      analysis, we found that the most important variables in predicting response were
      the lactic dehydrogenase level and the white blood cell count. In predicting
      survival, the most important variables were the lactic dehydrogenase level,
      performance status, and lung involvement. We recommend that future randomized
      therapeutic trials for advanced colorectal carcinoma should delineate and perhaps
      stratify for the lactic dehydrogenase level, performance status, white blood cell
      count, and/or the presence of lung involvement.

PMID- 6837603
TI  - Living Wills.

PMID- 6837604
TI  - Mitral valve dysfunction in the Marfan syndrome. Clinical and echocardiographic
      study of prevalence and natural history.
AB  - Although mitral regurgitation and fibromyxomatous thickening of the mitral
      leaflets have long been recognized as such, mitral valve prolapse has only
      recently been added as one of the pleiotropic features of the Marfan syndrome.
      The prevalence, age of onset, and natural history of mitral valve dysfunction in
      this condition are uncertain. Therefore, all patients in one clinic who met
      strict diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome and who had clinical and
      echocardiographic examinations before age 22 years were reviewed. Of the 166
      patients (84 males, aged 11.9 +/- 0.6 years [mean +/- SEM]; and 82 females, 11.0
      +/- 0.6 years), 52 percent had auscultatory and 68 percent had echocardiographic
      evidence of mitral valve dysfunction, generally mitral valve prolapse. Prevalence
      did not differ between the sexes. Follow-up in 115 patients averaged five
      examinations over a mean of four years; 17 percent were followed for more than
      six years. Criteria for progression of mitral valve dysfunction were: (1) on
      auscultation, the appearance of new systolic clicks or apical systolic murmurs, a
      mitral regurgitant murmur increased by two grades, or appearance of congestive
      heart failure not due to aortic regurgitation; and (2) on echocardiography, the
      new appearance of mitral valve prolapse or abnormally increased left atrial
      dimension. Nearly half the patients met at least one criterion and one quarter
      had both auscultatory and echocardiographic evidence of progressive mitral valve
      dysfunction. Twice as many females demonstrated worse mitral valve function with
      time. Eight of the 166 patients either died as a result of mitral valve
      dysfunction or required mitral valve replacement. Severe mitral regurgitation
      developed in an additional 15 patients. Rupture of chordae tendineae was
      uncommon. Antibiotic prophylaxis was routine, and no cases of bacterial
      endocarditis of the mitral valve occurred. These results suggest that mitral
      valve dysfunction is extremely common in young patients with Marfan syndrome and
      usually presents as mitral valve prolapse. Serious mitral regurgitation develops
      in one of every eight patients by the third decade. Thus, the prevalence and
      natural history of mitral valve prolapse in the Marfan syndrome appear distinct
      from mitral valve prolapse associated with other conditions, including idiopathic
      or familial mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 6837605
TI  - Mechanism of relief of dyspnea after thoracocentesis in patients with large
      pleural effusions.
AB  - In an attempt to understand the mechanism underlying the relief of dyspnea that
      follows thoracocentesis in patients with large pleural effusions, we measured
      respiratory mechanics in nine patients before and two hours after removal of 600
      to 2,750 ml (mean = 1,818 ml) of pleural fluid. Thoracocentesis resulted in only
      small changes in pulmonary mechanics: Mean vital capacity and functional residual
      capacity increased by 300 and 460 ml, respectively, lung recoil pressure slightly
      decreased, and mean static expiratory compliance increased by 0.021 liter/cm H2O.
      These changes were inconsistent and could not explain the immediate and
      remarkable relief of dyspnea noted by the patients. By contrast, thoracocentesis
      invariably resulted in a shift of the minimal (inspiratory) pleural pressure
      volume curve so that the pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles were
      markedly more negative at any comparable lung volume. This shift was entirely due
      to the decrease in thoracic cage volume. We suggest that the relief of dyspnea
      following thoracocentesis results primarily from reduction in size of the
      thoracic cage, which allows the inspiratory muscles to operate on a more
      advantageous portion of their length-tension curve.

PMID- 6837606
TI  - Cardiac failure in Addison's disease.
AB  - In an average 30 years of follow-up study, seven of 22 patients with primary
      adrenal insufficiency have had cardiac failure. Comparison of these seven with
      the 15 who remain free of this complication revealed that the former group were
      somewhat older and had higher incidences of unrelated cardiac disease and of
      nonsteroid-dependent hypertension, but that their replacement regimens, with
      respect to sodium supplementation and sodium-retaining steroids, were identical
      with the latter. Coincident with the appearance of cardiac failure, all seven
      patients had a decrease in sodium requirements. Adequate control of the adrenal
      disease was subsequently possible with elimination of mineralocorticoid support
      in one of the six who had initially required this therapy and a reduction in
      dosage in the other five. In all seven, dietary sodium supplements were no longer
      required. In three patients with severe failure, sodium restriction was imposed
      and diuretics were added, although the latter therapy has required close
      monitoring to avoid sodium depletion.

PMID- 6837608
TI  - Retrospective and prospective study of radiation-induced thyroid disease.

PMID- 6837607
TI  - Intrathecal IgG synthesis and blood-brain barrier impairment in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system dysfunction.
AB  - Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 19 patients with SLE and
      central nervous system dysfunction were studied with respect to cerebrospinal
      fluid IgG index (a measure of intrathecal IgG synthesis), isoelectric focusing
      using immunoperoxidase staining techniques to detect oligoclonal IgG, and
      determination of the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q albumin) as a
      measure of blood-brain barrier integrity. Twenty-five patients without neurologic
      disease and 70 patients with a variety of non-SLE neurologic disorders were also
      studied for comparison. Of most interest was the observation that 42 percent of
      the patients with SLE had cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG, usually in
      association with elevation of the cerebrospinal fluid IgG index. In addition, two
      of the cerebrospinal fluid specimens that exhibited oligoclonal IgG also had
      increased titers of alpha-interferon. Q albumin was normal (under 9.0) in 12 of
      13 patients with SLE, who had seizure, psychosis, or cranial neuropathy as
      principal central nervous system manifestations (mean +/- SD = 5.3 +/- 2.4), but
      was significantly elevated (mean +/- SD = 27.4 +/- 18.8, p less than 0.001) in
      five of six patients with diffuse, major central nervous system injury, for
      example, encephalopathy with coma, transverse myelopathy, paraparesis. Blood
      brain barrier impairment was not correlated either with presence of circulating
      immune complexes or with other clinical or serologic evidence for extra-central
      nervous system disease activity. Taken together, the data suggest that, within
      the limitations of the techniques used, impairment of the blood-brain barrier in
      SLE may be secondary to the central nervous system lesion, rather than a result
      of systemic immune complex injury. In addition, substantial evidence is provided
      for an ongoing humoral immune response within the central nervous system in this
      disorder, which, in certain patients, may be associated with the production of
      intrathecal alpha-interferon.

PMID- 6837611
TI  - Eosinophilia, heart failure, and adenopathy in a black man.

PMID- 6837610
TI  - The effectiveness of a consultation. Compliance with initial recommendations.
AB  - To identify the attributes of an effective consultation, 202 general medicine
      consultations were analyzed to assess the extent of compliance with the
      consultant's initial recommendations. The overall compliance rate was 77 percent.
      Compliance decreased as the number of recommendations increased. The consultant
      made more recommendations among patients who had more complex and more severe
      illnesses. Although compliance did increase significantly in severely ill
      patients (p less than 0.01), with each severity level, compliance was higher when
      five or fewer recommendations were made. In fact, compliance decreased from 96
      percent in severely ill patients with small consultation lists to 79 percent in
      those with large lists. Compliance was greatest with recommendations involving
      medications and least with those requiring direct physician and nursing action.
      Multivariate analysis confirmed that clinical severity of the patients' illnesses
      and the type and number of recommendations were all predictors of compliance. To
      promote overall compliance, consultants should limit the total number of
      recommendations in their initial consultation to five or fewer, focusing on
      issues central to current patient care. This is especially true in severely ill
      patients. Since recommendations that must be implemented by physicians or nurses
      have a lower compliance rate, consultants must carefully follow up those
      requests.

PMID- 6837609
TI  - Association of hyperestrogenemia and coronary heart disease in men in the
      Framingham cohort.
AB  - The serum levels of estradiol and testosterone as well as established risk
      factors for coronary heart disease were estimated in 61 men (mean age 70.0 +/-
      6.4 [SD] years) with coronary heart disease and in 61 matched control subjects
      enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study. The mean serum estradiol level was
      significantly higher in the subjects with coronary disease (p = 0.011). This
      difference in estradiol level increased with the exclusion of subjects older than
      75 years (p less than 0.001). The mean serum testosterone level was not
      significantly different. None of the established risk factors for coronary heart
      disease was different between subjects with coronary disease and control subjects
      except blood glucose level, which was higher in the subjects with coronary
      disease (p = 0.025). We conclude that hyperestrogenemia is an important correlate
      of coronary heart disease in men.

PMID- 6837612
TI  - Combined ventilator and bicarbonate strategy in the management of status
      asthmaticus.
AB  - Management of intubated hypercapnic asthmatic patients requires a delicate
      balance between the control of pH with adequate ventilation and the risk of
      barotrauma associated with the high pressures that may be required. The present
      report documents a strategy of mechanical ventilation combined with infusion of
      large amounts of bicarbonate in three patients with severe status asthmaticus
      requiring intubation. This strategy reduced peak inflation pressure by decreasing
      ventilation and maintained a physiologic pH while allowing pCO2 to remain
      elevated.

PMID- 6837613
TI  - Osteomyelitis caused by Veillonella.
AB  - Veillonella parvula and alcalescens are anaerobic gram-negative cocci that, when
      isolated from anaerobic cultures of clinical specimens, are usually regarded as
      commensal organisms. Occasionally they play a pathogenic role and require
      antibiotic therapy. Limited clinical experience and in vitro susceptibility
      studies suggest that penicillin G is the drug of choice for these organisms and
      that cephalosporins, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and metronidazole may be
      acceptable therapeutic alternatives. Presented herein is a case report of a
      Veillonella infection, a discussion of the importance of these organisms when
      they occur in a clinical infection, and a discussion of the appropriate
      antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 6837614
TI  - Proper identification of anisakine worms.
AB  - Luminal, gastric, intestinal and mesenteric forms of anisakiasis are known and
      can be encountered where raw or undercooked marine fish or squid are eaten.
      Although the anisakine nematodes which cause infection in humans are usually
      identified after surgical removal, laboratory personnel should be aware of their
      similarities to other nematodes. Cases have been reported of detection of larval
      nematodes in the throats or mouths of patients who have vomited or coughed. When
      such specimens are submitted to the clinical laboratory, problems in
      identification can be minimized by proper fixation and clearing. Systems for
      study involving clearing in phenol-ethanol and dissection to observe presence or
      absence of a ventricular appendix or intestinal cecum to distinguish Anisakis-,
      Phocanema- and Contracaecum-type larvae are described. Distinguishing
      characteristics are illustrated. The recovery of a Phocanema-type larva from a
      California woman is reported; the presence of the larvae in fish sold for human
      consumption in San Diego is exemplified.

PMID- 6837615
TI  - A comprehensive retraining program for inactive medical technologists.
AB  - Shortage of laboratory personnel appears to have created growing interest and
      activity in retraining inactive medical technologists. A recent three year
      program at the University of Wisconsin involving 63 individuals enrolled in one
      or more courses provides some results. Twenty-three are now employed, and nine
      are actively seeking employment. The development, presentation, evaluation and
      cost of the program are here reported.

PMID- 6837616
TI  - Hemoglobin G trait and S trait in the same patient.
AB  - We describe a subject who had a positive sickle solubility test and a routine
      alkaline electrophoretic pattern showing three major hemoglobulin bands migrating
      to the A, S, and A2 positions. In addition, the non-heme protein carbonic
      anhydrase appeared to be increased, suggesting the presence of a split A2. Two
      major hemoglobin bands separated on agar gel electrophoresis using a citrate
      buffer, pH 6.2. A non-S hemoglobin migrating to the position of Hb S was
      identified as GPhiladelphia. The electrophoretic pattern of GPhil/S trait most
      closely resembles S/beta+ thalassemia or sickle cell trait. Careful study is
      essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unfairly stigmatizing patients whose benign
      abnormality may be confused with more severe disease entities.

PMID- 6837617
TI  - Effect of urinary proteins on in vitro immunological tests for pregnancy.
AB  - A study of the possible interference of urinary proteins with all the commercial
      in vitro pregnancy products on the market in the United States today was carried
      out by our group. Six of these tests were of the tube type and seven were slide
      tests. Radioimmunoassays and receptor assays for beta human chorionic
      gonadotropin (beta-HCG) were not tested. The products examined showed
      interferences by urinary proteins presented at various levels. Interference by
      human serum albumin (HSA) (in five tube tests) occurred only at a physiologically
      improbable, high concentration of HSA (5 g/dL). However, in certain cases
      interferences by serum proteins (false positive type) occurred at concentrations
      lower than 0.06 g/dL which are physiologically probable. The four tests
      formulated to work with both serum and urine did not show any urinary protein
      interference with HCG measurements. There was no clear difference in urinary
      protein interferences between the tube and the slide tests; the tube tests were
      slightly more sensitive to the presence of HSA. Those tests employing latex
      beads, as opposed to erythrocytes, showed greater sensitivity to protein
      interferences.

PMID- 6837619
TI  - Stress and job satisfaction of clinical laboratory scientists.
AB  - Fifty-eight medical technologists currently working in laboratories in upper
      South Carolina hospitals were randomly selected and surveyed to determine job
      satisfaction and stress levels. Of the 27 (47%) technologists who reported job
      satisfaction, 3 (5%) were neutral and 29 (48%) were dissatisfied with their jobs;
      a total of 18 (31%) reported stressors checklist scores of 36 or more, which
      implies high stress levels. Since almost half (48%) of those surveyed reported
      job dissatisfaction, this study supported other studies showing that there is a
      high level of job dissatisfaction among clinical laboratory scientists. The chi
      square probability distribution correlation of job stress and job satisfaction
      showed a significant relationship between the two within the profession. The
      results of this study indicate that management should implement strategies to
      increase the job satisfaction and decrease the job stress of clinical laboratory
      scientists.

PMID- 6837618
TI  - Case report: potential error in the estimation of antimicrobic concentrations by
      the microbiological assay method.
AB  - An 83-year-old man was admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding that required a
      segmental colectomy for correction. The patient was initially treated with
      gentamicin, clindamycin, and cephapirin for sepsis. Antibiotic coverage was
      changed to amikacin, clindamycin, and penicillin G for sepsis and anaerobic
      cellulitis. When renal function began to deteriorate, serum amikacin levels were
      determined by a radioenzymatic and bioassay method. The serum concentration of
      amikacin in the presence of penicillin G and clindamycin was overestimated when a
      multiantimicrobic-resistant Escherichia coli was used as the indicator organism
      in the microbiological assay.

PMID- 6837620
TI  - Rapid drop in serum iron concentration associated with stress.

PMID- 6837621
TI  - Combined central and peripheral sympathetic blockade: absence of additive
      antihypertensive effects.
AB  - Two antihypertensive agents that inhibits sympathetic activity by differing
      pharmacologic mechanisms, the centrally-acting alpha-adrenergic agonist,
      clonidine, and the peripheral alpha-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, were
      compared and also given in combination in 24 patients with essential
      hypertension. The patients were randomized into two groups; 11 received
      chlorthalidone (50 mg) daily throughout the protocol, whereas 13 received no
      diuretic. In the 13 patients not receiving the diuretic, supine mean blood
      pressure fell by 11.0 +/- 3.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01) with clonidine (0.3 mg
      daily), 5.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) with prazosin (15 mg daily), and
      12.7 +/- 5.2 mmHg (p less than 0.02) with the combination. In the 11 patients
      concurrently receiving chlorthalidone, supine mean blood pressure fell by 9.5 +/-
      2.0 mmHg (p less than 0.01) when clonidine was added, 2.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg (ns) when
      prazosin was added, and 7.9 +/- 2.1 mmHg (p less than 0.01) with the combination.
      In both the presence and absence of concurrent diuretic treatment, the blood
      pressure-lowering effects of clonidine were greater than those of prazosin, but
      were not different from the antihypertensive effects of the combination of
      clonidine and prazosin. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of clonidine
      and prazosin in the doses used in this study does not appear to be more effective
      than clonidine alone in the treatment of patients with hypertension.

PMID- 6837622
TI  - Changes in blood pressure in the lying and sitting positions in normotensive,
      borderline and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Blood pressure of hypertensive subjects reacts differently from that of
      borderline or normal subjects at rest in either sitting or lying positions. In
      the hypertensive group the diastolic pressure tends to rise more on consecutive
      measurements and the systolic blood pressure tends to fall less than in the two
      other groups. Similarly, on going from the lying to the sitting position,
      diastolic blood pressure of hypertensives rises less than that of normotensive or
      borderline hypertensive individuals. Thus, people with 'casual' hypertension
      differ in their reaction to rest and changes in body position in their reaction
      to rest and changes in body position with respect to normotensives or borderline
      hypertensives. This behavior could lead to labelling of subjects as 'normal' or
      'hypertensive' depending on position and timing of the blood pressure
      measurement.

PMID- 6837623
TI  - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels complicated by
      constricted pericarditis.

PMID- 6837624
TI  - Leishmanial infections: a consideration in travellers returning from abroad.
AB  - Seven cases of leishmaniasis, including a fatal case of visceral leishmaniasis
      and 6 cases of dermal leishmaniasis, were seen in Boston over a four-year period.
      Diagnosis was made by isolation of organisms in culture or by identification of
      organisms in stained preparations of tissue. Proper management of patients with
      leishmanial infections requires an appreciation of the geographical strain
      differences of each species.

PMID- 6837625
TI  - Differential diagnosis of Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome: report of four
      patients with Nager syndrome and discussion of other related syndromes.

PMID- 6837626
TI  - Brief clinical report: syndrome of acrofacial dysostosis, cleft lip/palate, and
      triphalangeal thumb in a Brazilian family.

PMID- 6837627
TI  - Complex segregation analysis and computer-assisted genetic risk assessment for
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Two hundred forty-four Toronto pedigrees of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
      have been partitioned into nuclear families with pointers for complex segregation
      analysis under a mixed model. The model takes into account the major X-linked
      locus and a multifactorial transmissible component for creatine kinase activity
      in females. The incidence in the province of Ontario is estimated to be 292 per
      million male births. The proportion of sporadic cases is 1/3, demonstrating equal
      mutation rates in males and females. A multifactorial component (H = 0.379)
      contributes to family resemblance for creatine kinase measurements. Examples are
      presented of the application of a computer program, COUNSEL, to derive genetic
      risks for genetic counseling with consideration of the multifactorial component.

PMID- 6837628
TI  - Odontoonychodermal dysplasia: a previously apparently undescribed ectodermal
      dysplasia.
AB  - Seven affected individuals in a total of 24 belonging to three inbred Lebanese
      sibships are presented as having a previously apparently undescribed pure
      ectodermal dysplasia. For this condition, probably owing to the homozygous state
      of an autosomal recessive gene, we suggest the name trichoodontodermal dysplasia.

PMID- 6837630
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta was achieved at 17 weeks of
      gestation using ultrasound through recognition of low echogenic properties of all
      the bones, abnormally shaped skull, bell-shaped rib cage, distally thinned ribs,
      short and deformed long bones, wide metaphyses, and thin diaphyses. Severely
      limited abnormal movements, abnormal positioning of the lower limbs also were
      typical of the condition. The recognition of the signs reported in this paper
      will allow the identification of the condition in utero in the second trimester.

PMID- 6837629
TI  - Duplication 6q24 leads to 6qter in an infant from a balanced paternal
      translocation.
AB  - Duplication of 6q24 leads to 6qter was identified by GTG banding in an infant
      girl whose father was a balanced translocation carrier 46,XY,t(3;6)(p26 leads to
      q2402). At birth and at 4 mo she had proportionate short stature, microcephaly,
      asymmetric micrognathia, bow-shaped upper vermilion, long upper lip, submucous
      cleft palate, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, telecanthus, prominent
      eyes, short neck with anterior and lateral webbing, short sternum, overlapping
      toes, wrist contractures, and hypertonicity. Later she was noted to have
      psychomotor retardation. Eleven previously published cases and our patient
      suggest that duplication of 6q (involving at least 6q25 leads to 6qter) produces
      a highly characteristic syndrome.

PMID- 6837631
TI  - A high incidence of maternal cell contamination of amniotic fluid cell cultures.

PMID- 6837632
TI  - Brief clinical report: skeletal dysplasia with short, angulated femora
      (kyphomelic dysplasia).
AB  - We report on an infant with broad and severely angulated short femora as the most
      salient manifestation of a generalized skeletal dysplasia. Other findings include
      congenital bowing of other long bones, narrow thorax, platyspondyly,
      micrognathia, and skin dimples. A marked improvement of the bowing and of the
      irregular flare of the metaphyses was noted over a period of 6 mo. Congenital
      bowing of long bones can be an isolated finding or associated with other
      anomalies, so the purpose of reporting all cases is important for further
      nosologic and pathogenetic elucidation. Because of the severity of the femoral
      involvement, the condition has been called kyphomelic dysplasia. It may be an
      autosomal recessive trait. recessive trait.

PMID- 6837633
TI  - Brief clinical report: new, autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia.
AB  - We describe a 15-year-old boy with an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (EDS)
      associated with unilateral adrenal cyst. The EDS combination of aplasia cutis
      verticis, hypohidrosis, nipple/breast hypoplasia, onychodysplasia, and delayed
      dental eruption with minor tooth anomalies has not been previously reported as an
      autosomal dominant trait. The association with adrenal cyst may alert other units
      to review their experience to determine if such combination is more than a
      coincidence.

PMID- 6837634
TI  - Deletion of chromosome 4q33 leads to qter. Is it different from 4q31 leads to
      qter deletion syndrome?

PMID- 6837635
TI  - Dye use in twin gestations.

PMID- 6837637
TI  - Progressive pseudorheumatoid arthropathy of childhood (PPAC): a hereditary
      disorder simulating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6837636
TI  - Further comments on amniocentesis in twin gestations.

PMID- 6837638
TI  - Marker X syndrome.

PMID- 6837639
TI  - Increased lead and cadmium burdens among mentally retarded children and children
      with borderline intelligence.

PMID- 6837640
TI  - Activity levels of persons with Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - The physical activity levels of 12 individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome were
      measured by actometers and pedometers at a 2-week summer camp. Similar
      measurements were made on 13 nonretarded children at another camp. A wide range
      of activity levels existed among the Prader-Willi syndrome persons that was
      greater than that found among the comparison group. Results indicated that it is
      not valid to stereotype Prader-Willi syndrome individuals when describing their
      activity levels. Some significant correlations were found between the activity
      levels of the Prader-Willi syndrome persons and weight loss when age and initial
      body weight were considered.

PMID- 6837642
TI  - Evaluation, interpretation, and acceptance of defense mechanistic behavior by
      mentally retarded and nonretarded children.
AB  - An underlying motive of behavior is attribution of self-failure that often takes
      the form of defense mechanisms. How defense mechanistic behavior would be viewed
      by peers was investigated. Mentally retarded and nonretarded students were given
      a story about fictional characters (either mentally retarded or "fast learners")
      who displayed defense mechanistic behavior. Students were then asked questions to
      gauge their acceptance of the characters and their hypotheses as to why
      characters acted as they did. Retarded students rated the defensive characters
      higher and liked them more than did the nonretarded students. Older nonretarded
      students were more accepting of one defensive character when informed that the
      character was retarded than when told that the character was a fast learner.
      Results were discussed in terms of Gold's (1975) competency/deviancy hypothesis.

PMID- 6837643
TI  - Effects of peer labeling on the metamnemonic estimates of mentally retarded and
      nonretarded children.
AB  - The effects of labeling a comparison peer as mentally retarded on estimates of
      one's impending recall were investigated. Mentally retarded and nonretarded
      students viewed an actor labeled as retarded or nonretarded estimate his recall
      and then attempt to remember 10 items. Students then estimated their own recall
      and attempted remembering. Groups that viewed the "mentally retarded" actor
      increased their recall estimates, whereas the reverse was true for viewers of the
      "nonretarded" actor. Mentally retarded students overestimated their recall
      capabilities, recalled less, and showed more recall intrusions than did
      nonretarded viewers.

PMID- 6837641
TI  - Nonspecific mental retardation in British Columbia as ascertained through a
      registry.
AB  - Nonspecific mental retardation (i.e., mental retardation with no known etiology)
      at all levels of functioning was investigated in the population of British
      Columbia, with ascertainment through the British Columbia Health Surveillance
      Registry. The age-specific prevalence of nonspecific retardation for the 15- to
      29-year age group, where ascertainment was best, was 4.4 per 1,000 population at
      year-end 1978. A minimum incidence of 5.2 per 1,000 male live births and 4.0 per
      1,000 female live births was calculated for the 1952-1965 birth cohort. Data on
      the number of cases associated with either microcephalus, hydrocephalus,
      epilepsy, or cerebral palsy were presented. Seventy-three percent of the cases
      with mild mental retardation had no associated disability, whereas only 26.9
      percent of profoundly retarded cases were without any of these conditions.
      Survival rates varied with respect to the level of mental retardation.

PMID- 6837644
TI  - Context, ability, and performance: comparison of competitive athletics among
      mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded adults.
AB  - Setting demands and performance characteristics were compared for mildly mentally
      retarded and nonretarded basketball players similar in age, playing experience,
      and general skill level. Observational research was used to study organizational
      and interactional aspects of competitive games and to record individual and team
      playing statistics. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess levels
      of anxiety. Results show that even though the retarded adults studied were
      ostensibly playing under "normal" conditions, the games were demonstrably
      different from those played by nonretarded players in terms of physical setting,
      rules, coaching, and officiating. Retarded players performed under these
      conditions with significantly higher levels of anxiety and diminished team
      effectiveness. The broader consequences of competition in the lives of retarded
      players was examined.

PMID- 6837645
TI  - Determinants of community placement of institutionalized mentally retarded
      persons.
AB  - A systematic examination of the decision process used when deinstitutionalizing
      mentally retarded persons was undertaken to determine what criteria, if any,
      institutional review teams employed when making placement recommendations. A
      multivariate analysis of variance and a discriminant analysis revealed that
      demographic and Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) measures varied significantly with
      placement recommendations for skill development homes, group homes, small
      intermediate facilities, and large intermediate facilities. In general, higher
      functioning residents were placed in less restrictive settings. Specific
      differences among residents placed in skill development homes and group homes
      were examined. Implications for preparing institutionalized residents for
      community placement were drawn and directions for future research outlined.

PMID- 6837646
TI  - The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior.
AB  - The construct and predictive validity of adaptive behavior of mentally retarded
      persons was investigated using a multitrait multimethod analysis. The validity
      issues of concern were (a) how generalizable the adaptive behavior dimension is
      over a variety of measurement methods, (b) how adaptive behavior relates to
      mental age (MA), and (c) how well adaptive behavior assessment references
      placement in programs and situations. Adaptive behavior and MA were assessed by
      program participation, psychometric ratings, and overall staff ratings. Adaptive
      behavior had high convergent validity and low discriminant validity and predicted
      MA program placement better than did MA. We concluded that adaptive behavior
      scores could replace MA.

PMID- 6837647
TI  - Comprehension and recall of sentences by mentally retarded and nonretarded
      individuals.
AB  - A cued sentence-recall task was used to determine the extent to which 24 mildly
      mentally retarded adolescents and 24 equal-MA nonretarded children differed in
      their ability to recall sentences and to infer and utilize particular exemplars
      of general nouns as retrieval cues. We found that the sentence recall performance
      of the retarded adolescents was poor relative to that of the nonretarded
      children; however, both groups found general and particular cues to be equally
      effective retrieval aids for target sentences. Differential sentence
      reconstruction and editing strategies were suggested as possible sources of the
      obtained recall differences.

PMID- 6837648
TI  - Parasitic infection among residents of an institution for mentally retarded
      persons.
AB  - Data on occurrence of intestinal parasites among resident and entering
      populations in a South Carolina institution for mentally retarded persons were
      examined. Following an eradication effort in 1973 for Trichuris trichiura, the
      prevalence of this parasite remained below 5 percent for the resident population,
      with the exception of 1974 and 1975, when small numbers of stool examinations
      occurred. Significantly higher proportions of the entering population, compared
      to the residents, harbored T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia,
      and Entamoeba histolytica. We concluded that annual examination and treatment can
      control trichuriasis; however, complete eradication may require examination
      following home visits by the resident population.

PMID- 6837649
TI  - Eating behavior of obese and nonobese mentally retarded adults.
AB  - An obese group and a nonobese group of moderately mentally retarded adults were
      identified through use of body weight and tricep skinfold thickness measures.
      Subjects were observed individually in a sheltered workshop cafeteria during
      their normal lunch period. A variety of eating behavior measures were obtained.
      Results indicated that the obese retarded subjects did not differ from their
      nonobese peers in eating rate, total meal time, or caloric intake. Large
      variability was observed in the measures for both groups. Implications of these
      data for behavioral treatments of obesity and the need for alternative
      explanations of an obese condition were discussed.

PMID- 6837650
TI  - Comparison of three methods to train a size discrimination with profoundly
      mentally retarded students.
AB  - Three procedures for training a size discrimination to profoundly mentally
      retarded adults were compared: (a) the size of the incorrect choice (S-) was
      progressively increased in discrete steps to criterion size (criterion related);
      (b) a prompt, unrelated to the criterion of size (the trainer pointing to the
      correct stimulus), was attenuated in discrete steps (noncriterion related); and
      (c) the stimuli were presented at criterion level on all trials without
      additional prompts (trial and error). Differences between groups were evaluated
      for the percentage of errors during training. Results indicated that the
      criterion-related method was most effective, noncriterion related was next, and
      trial and error was the least effective. These results were compared with
      previous findings.

PMID- 6837651
TI  - Rifampin-induced nephrotic syndrome and acute interstitial nephritis.
AB  - The occurrence of renal insufficiency associated with heavy glomerular
      proteinuria during the course of continuous rifampin therapy in a patient with
      pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. Renal biopsy demonstrated acute interstitial
      nephritis, normal glomerular histology, effacement of glomerular epithelial cell
      foot processes, and electron-dense deposits in mesangial matrix and
      subendothelial and paramesangial sites. Discontinuation of rifampin was followed
      by improvement in renal function and abatement of proteinuria. We call attention
      to the broad clinical and morphologic spectrum of nephrotoxicity which may be
      induced by rifampin and a variety of other drugs.

PMID- 6837652
TI  - Quiz of the month: chronic renal failure and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 6837653
TI  - Quiz of the month: nephrotic syndrome and altered thyroid hormone levels.

PMID- 6837656
TI  - Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. III. Multiparous patients.
AB  - The effectiveness of a specific oxytocin regimen characterized by a small dose, a
      slow rate of oxytocin incrementation, and a specific computer-defined goal of
      contractile activity was evaluated. The group managed by this protocol was
      compared with a similar group of multiparous patients managed by the same
      physicians using their own choice of oxytocin therapies and electronic monitoring
      of intrauterine pressure. The patients managed by protocol and computer had
      shorter mean durations of time from onset of treatment to complete cervical
      dilatation and received smaller mean doses of oxytocin than the control group of
      patients. The most significant factor determining these results was the rate of
      incrementation of the oxytocin dose.

PMID- 6837655
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis during antituberculous therapy.
AB  - Within 3 weeks of beginning continuous daily isoniazid and rifampin therapy for
      pulmonary tuberculosis, a patient developed acute renal failure. Renal biopsy
      demonstrated lesions characteristic of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
      with minor interstitial changes. Prior reports have emphasized the tubular and
      interstitial lesions associated with intermittent or discontinuous rifampin
      therapy for tuberculosis. This report documents the occurrence of severe
      glomerular pathology associated with continuous, daily antituberculous therapy.
      The spectrum of renal lesions occurring during antituberculous therapy,
      particularly in association with rifampin, may be wider than previously
      suspected.

PMID- 6837657
TI  - Improvement in perinatal mortality rate attributed to spontaneous preterm labor
      without use of tocolytic agents.
AB  - A retrospective study of the influence of spontaneous preterm labor on perinatal
      mortality rate over a period of 15 years was conducted at the National Maternity
      Hospital, Dublin. As the perinatal mortality rate from all causes declined from
      48 to 16 per 1,000 births, the rate attributed to spontaneous preterm labor
      declined in the same proportion, from 10 to three per 1,000 births. Review of the
      circumstances of death attributed to spontaneous preterm labor in each case
      indicates that improvement in this area was due mainly to a natural reduction in
      incidence and, to a lesser degree, to better care of the neonate. Pharmacologic
      agents recommended for the purpose of averting spontaneous preterm labor made no
      contribution, because none was used. Natural improvement in the evolution of a
      disease may lead to exaggerated claims for the benefits of treatment; experience
      with perinatal death attributed to spontaneous preterm labor in this large unit
      suggests that current enthusiasm for tocolytic agents may well be misplaced.

PMID- 6837658
TI  - Decrease of angiotensin sensitivity after bed rest and strongly sodium-restricted
      diet in pregnancy.
AB  - Angiotensin II (A-II) sensitivity was determined in 23 nonmedicated nulliparas in
      the third trimester of pregnancy, before and after a 7- to 10-day period of bed
      rest and a strongly sodium-restricted diet (maximal 20 mmol Na+/24 hr). Seventeen
      nulliparous women had pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The effective pressor
      dose (EPD), that is the minimal amount of A-II necessary for a 20 mm Hg elevation
      of the diastolic blood pressure, rose from a mean of 11.0 +/- 5.0 to 17.9 +/- 5.7
      ng/kg/min. This is an increase of the mean of 63%. Six women were normotensive
      during the course of the pregnancy. They showed an increase of EPD from 12.6 +/-
      4.9 to 28.3 +/- 10.9 ng/kg/min after sodium restriction and bed rest. This is a
      mean increase of 124%. It is concluded from this study that sodium not only is
      important in volume regulation but also seems to play a role in vessel wall
      reactivity. This effect of sodium on vascular reactivity could be the explanation
      for the favorable effect of a strongly sodium-restricted diet in lowering the
      incidence of eclampsia in women with PIH.

PMID- 6837654
TI  - Renal dysfunction in a 38-year-old man with hepatic failure.

PMID- 6837659
TI  - The effect of reducing umbilical blood flow on fetal oxygenation.
AB  - To assess the effect of various degrees of umbilical cord compression on fetal
      oxygenation, we instrumented fetal lambs at 120 to 128 days' gestation. An
      electromagnetic flow transducer was placed around the common umbilical artery to
      record umbilical blood flow flow continuously. Catheters were passed into an
      umbilical vein and a hind limb artery and vein, and a balloon occluder was placed
      around the umbilical cord. After recovery from operation, umbilical blood flow
      was reduced to 75%, 50%, and 25% of control values by controlled cord occlusion.
      Umbilical venous oxygen content did not change during cord compression; thus,
      oxygen delivery was linearly related to umbilical blood flow. Oxygen consumption
      of the fetus was maintained with reduction of umbilical blood flow to about 50%
      of control values; further reductions were associated with a progressive fall in
      fetal oxygen consumption. With reduced umbilical flow, there was a progressive
      increase in oxygen extraction from a control of 33.6% +/- 4.8% to 67.7% +/- 11.3%
      during 75% reduction of flow.

PMID- 6837660
TI  - Antepartum chronic fetal vesicoamniotic shunts for obstructive uropathy: A report
      of two cases.
AB  - Two fetuses with obstructive uropathy characterized by striking oligohydramnios
      and dilatation of the urinary collecting system were identified by ultrasound and
      treated by percutaneous insertion of a long-term vesicoamniotic silicone rubber
      shunt. Both fetuses were less than 16 weeks' gestation at diagnosis and less than
      18 weeks at treatment. One fetus was delivered at 35 weeks and is alive and well;
      the other died early in the neonatal period at 31 weeks with pulmonary
      hypoplasia.

PMID- 6837661
TI  - Severe Rh disease--poor outcome is not inevitable.
AB  - Most centers report only moderate success in the intrauterine treatment of severe
      Rh-isoimmune hemolytic disease. For the hydropic fetus, the prognosis is poor.
      Innovations in the assessment, treatment, and follow-up of the severely affected
      fetus have yielded more encouraging results. Among the 24 fetuses receiving a
      refined management plan, instituted in June, 1980, survival rates were 100% in
      the nonhydropic fetus and 75% in the hydropic fetus. Improved fetal evaluation by
      means of extensive real-time ultrasonography allows more exact assessment of
      stage of disease, safer performance of intrauterine transfusion, and a direct
      picture of the fetal response to treatment. The intrauterine transfusion
      procedure differs in many aspects from those used in other centers and is notable
      mostly because of the absence of traumatic fetal death since the present program
      began. This improvement and the absence of neonatal death have resulted in 92%
      survival rate among the fetuses transfused. The success of this integrated team
      approach suggests revision of the pessimism toward the fetus with severe Rh
      disease.

PMID- 6837662
TI  - Intrauterine transfusion: kinetics of absorption of donor cells in fetal lambs.
AB  - The absorption of red cells from the peritoneal cavity of fetal lambs was studied
      in 29 pregnant ewes at approximately 120 days' gestation. Onset of absorption was
      early, absorption was rapid, and virtually complete absorption was shown in 96%
      of the fetuses by 92 hours after intrauterine transfusion. The mean time to
      complete 99% absorption was 75.8 hours, about half the time supposed for human
      fetuses. The rate of absorption and the maximum level of donor cells in the fetal
      circulation are both directly related to the transfusion volume. The time
      required to complete absorption does not vary with the volume transfused: The
      more blood given at intrauterine transfusion, the faster the fetus absorbs it.
      This study suggests that absorption in the fetus following intrauterine
      transfusion is very efficient, and may be faster than previously thought.

PMID- 6837663
TI  - Bloody tap amniocentesis: discrimination between fetal and maternal blood by
      means of hemoglobin electrophoresis.
AB  - Bloody amniotic fluid from amniocentesis or vaginal blood obtained in the late
      third trimester from 15 patients was analyzed for the presence of fetal blood by
      hemoglobin electrophoresis and Kleihauer-Betke tests. In addition, 15
      experimentally formulated specimens were submitted for analysis. Where quantities
      were sufficient for parallel assay, the tests correlated 100%. Hemoglobin
      electrophoresis was an objective test for quantifying and accurately
      distinguishing the source of fetal-maternal bleeding.

PMID- 6837664
TI  - Adenomatoid tumor--like structures in the subperitoneal nodules produced by sex
      steroids.
AB  - Multiple subperitoneal nodules were produced in the abdominal cavities of guinea
      pigs treated with various doses of estradiol benzoate for 3 months. Gland-like
      structures with intervening fibrous stroma were observed in 20% of these nodules.
      These gland-like structures resembled adenomatoid tumors, but were composed of
      cells that resembled mesothelium, ciliated cells, and cells with mucin in the
      cytoplasm. Some parts were composed of cells that had a squamous appearance. In
      guinea pigs, pretreatment with estradiol benzoate followed by treatment with a
      combination of estradiol benzoate and progesterone for 1 to 3 months produced
      nodules with gland-like structures similar to those produced by estrogen
      treatment alone. However, the gland-like structures were composed only of cells
      that resembled mesothelium and cells with cilia. Therefore, we conjecture that
      the formation of gland-like structures in the subperitoneal nodules is the result
      of mesothelial inclusions and their proliferation and that some of these
      mesothelial cells were differentiated into ciliated, mucinous, and squamous cells
      by estrogen.

PMID- 6837665
TI  - The effect of adrenergic agents on the ovulatory process in the in vitro perfused
      rabbit ovary.

PMID- 6837666
TI  - An alternate maneuver for management of shoulder dystocia.

PMID- 6837667
TI  - Unilateral fetal hydronephrosis: successful in utero surgical management.

PMID- 6837668
TI  - Primary ovarian hydatidiform mole: review of the literature and report of a case.

PMID- 6837669
TI  - Simple cyst of the kidney presenting as an adnexal mass in pregnancy.

PMID- 6837671
TI  - Complications of fetal scalp electrodes: a case report.

PMID- 6837670
TI  - Estimation of lamellar body phospholipids in fetal sheep lung fluid after high
      speed centrifugation or micropore filtration: a comparative study.

PMID- 6837672
TI  - Sinusoidal-like tracing in fetus with rhesus-hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 6837673
TI  - Gestational diabetes.

PMID- 6837674
TI  - Fetus papyraceus.

PMID- 6837675
TI  - Streptococcus pneumoniae in genital and obstetric infection.

PMID- 6837676
TI  - Clinical signs of normal plasma volume expansion during pregnancy.
AB  - A majority of cases of pregnancy complications are associated with a relative
      maternal hypovolemia. The records of 200 pregnant women who had had plasma volume
      determinations were reviewed in hopes of finding indicators of relative maternal
      hypovolemia other than the pregnancy complication itself. The signs of relative
      hypovolemia in pregnant women include those of decreased uterine growth, absence
      of a maternal systolic flow murmur, and absence of significant dependent ankle
      edema. Laboratory tests indicative of maternal hypovolemia include failure to
      develop a decline in maternal hematocrit, serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine
      ratio greater than 15, a decreased creatinine clearance, abnormal platelet
      function, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, ultrasonic evidence
      of oligohydramnios and/or decreased maternal heart size, and absence of
      hypervolemia on chest x-ray film. These findings and tests are only relative
      indicators of maternal hypovolemia, and it is suggested that, for an accurate
      defining of pregnant women who are at risk, the actual plasma volume
      determination has to be performed frequently in the pregnant population.

PMID- 6837677
TI  - Fluid weight uroflowmetry in women.
AB  - This study evaluates fluid weight uroflowmetry as a screening technique for
      urogynecologic conditions. Sixty women with no known pathologic condition
      volunteered for the evaluation of normal uroflowmetric parameters and curve
      patterns. Forty were menstruating cyclically, and 20 were postmenopausal. The
      parameters studied included: (1) total voided volume, (2) flow time, (3) peak
      flow rate, and (4) time to peak flow rate. In addition, uroflowmetric tracings
      were classified according to their patterns of configuration into: (1) normal,
      (2) multiple peak, and (3) interrupted. The parameters studied showed no
      difference in the two normal groups. A wide range of values was observed. Neither
      age, parity, weight, height, nor menstrual cycle phase affected the data. Values
      obtained from patients with idiopathic instability of the detrusor muscle,
      sensory urgency, and stress urinary incontinence did not show differences or
      trends. Seventeen percent of the tracings of the normal population group showed
      either multiple peak or interrupted patterns. Patients with sensory urgency (p
      less than 0.001) had a higher incidence of multiple peak and interrupted flow
      rate patterns.

PMID- 6837679
TI  - The state of our union. Presidential address.

PMID- 6837678
TI  - Pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - This retrospective study of 31 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during
      38 pregnancies shows a spontaneous or missed abortion rate of 7.9%, elective
      abortion rate of 10.5%, and a perinatal mortality rate of 12.9%. There was one
      maternal death 5 weeks post partum. If the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus
      during pregnancy included nephritis or significant thrombocytopenia, the mothers
      were acutely ill. All of the perinatal mortality occurred in these patients.
      Management of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy need not differ from
      that in the nonpregnant state. However, immunosuppressive therapy should not be
      diminished or discontinued during pregnancy. Clinical parameters, renal function
      studies, and hematologic information were far more useful than immunologic
      laboratory data in assessing the course of systemic lupus erythematosus during
      pregnancy and indicating alterations in treatment. Antepartum fetal surveillance
      is advised. The timing of and route of delivery must be individualized, and
      systemic lupus erythematosus in and of itself is not an indication for delivery
      by cesarean section.

PMID- 6837680
TI  - Dexamethasone and estradiol treatment in pregnant rhesus macaques: effects on
      gestational length, maternal plasma hormones, and fetal growth.
AB  - To determine the effects of suppressing fetal and maternal adrenal activity on
      parturition, we treated pregnant rhesus macaques with dexamethasone (0.25 to 4.0
      mg, twice a day) from gestation day 130 until delivery (term = 167 days). Long
      term dexamethasone treatment increased gestation length: 71% of fetuses were born
      postmaturely (after day 175 of gestation; X2 = 52.6; P less than 0.001). The
      dexamethasone decreased basal levels of maternal estradiol and cortisol, but not
      progesterone, and abolished the prepartum estrogen and prolactin surges; doses
      greater than 0.16 mg/kg per day resulted in fetal death but not premature
      delivery. That vaginal delivery was induced by estradiol benzoate in monkeys with
      prolonged pregnancy and dead fetuses, but not in those with live fetuses,
      suggests active fetal inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The dexamethasone
      retarded fetal growth (410 +/- 16 gm versus 501 +/- 5 gm for controls; P less
      than 0.001) and decreased thymus, spleen, and adrenal weights (P less than 0.01).
      A less significant decrease in brain weight was noted (P less than 0.1), as were
      decreases in biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, and head
      circumference (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that corticosteroids do
      not induce premature labor in primates. On the contrary, long-term dexamethasone
      administration is associated with prolonged pregnancy and suppression of estrogen
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 6837681
TI  - Soft agar colony formation assay for in vitro testing of sensitivity to
      chemotherapy of gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - In vitro growth of tumor cells may provide a way of testing the effectiveness of
      chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. In 1980 and 1981, operations
      for gynecologic malignancy were performed on 610 Mayo Clinic patients, and
      malignant tissue and fluids were obtained from 204 cancers that involved the
      vulva, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. These yielded 76 clonogenic stem
      cell preparations; and various chemotherapeutic agents were tested against these
      76 tumors on soft agar. Considered in this study were the overall process of
      culturing the samples of tumors and, especially, the data from the preparations
      that showed sufficient growth of tumor cells for testing. Our guiding concerns
      were the usefulness of this method to gynecologists and the possible benefits to
      patients.

PMID- 6837682
TI  - Dysplasia of the lower genital tract in the female monkey, Macaca fascicularis,
      the crab-eating macaque from Southeast Asia.
AB  - Seventy-eight female reproductive tracts from mature Macaca fascicularis caught
      in the wild were examined histologically for evidence of dysplasia in immature
      (metaplastic) and native (mature) squamous epithelium of the cervix and vagina.
      This series contained equal numbers of experimental animals and control and/or
      breeding colony animals. Five of 39 experimental animals showed dysplasia,
      whereas six animals with definite and two with questionable dysplasia were found
      in 39 control and breeding colony animals. On the basis of the foregoing facts,
      it would appear that these dysplastic lesions were of spontaneous origin and of
      undetermined etiology. Therefore, those investigators who experiment upon the
      reproductive tract of this species of monkey should be wary of interpreting any
      given experiment as "causing" dysplasia. Monkeys of this same species, born and
      reared in our Primate Center, have been examined for comparable dysplastic
      lesions of the lower female genital tract. None was found thus far but the study
      is continuing.

PMID- 6837683
TI  - Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - One hundred seventy-seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma that invaded the
      cervical stroma to a depth of 5.0 mm or less were the subjects of this
      investigation. Fifty-one patients were treated primarily by vaginal hysterectomy,
      42 by total abdominal hysterectomy, and 84 by radical hysterectomy with pelvic
      lymphadenectomy. In 52 patients with lesions that invaded the cervical stroma to
      a depth of 3.0 mm or less, 984 lymph nodes were examined and none contained
      metastatic tumor. Conversely, lymph node metastases were present in three of 32
      patients with lesions that had stromal invasion of 3.1 to 5.0 mm. After therapy,
      all patients were followed up from 2 to 14 years, and none was lost to follow-up.
      Among 145 patients with lesions that invaded the stroma to a depth of 3.0 mm or
      less, only two developed recurrences, both of which were intraepithelial. Among
      the 32 cases of carcinoma that invaded the stroma 3.1 to 5.0 mm, there were three
      invasive recurrences, and two deaths.

PMID- 6837684
TI  - Low-dose trabeculoplasty.
AB  - We treated 21 eyes (18 patients) with open-angle glaucoma by low-dose laser
      trabeculoplasty consisting of 25 laser burns spaced over one quadrant (90
      degrees) of the trabecular meshwork. After one month these eyes showed an average
      decreased in intraocular pressure of 6.86 +/- 2.95 mm Hg. Sixteen eyes underwent
      a second treatment consisting of an additional 25 laser burns spaced over a
      second quadrant of the trabecular meshwork. Intraocular pressure decreased an
      additional 3.56 +/- 2.94 mm Hg in these eyes. Although low-dose trabeculoplasty
      decreases intraocular pressure by an amount similar to that achieved with
      standard laser trabeculoplasty treatment protocols, additional study is needed to
      determine whether complications are reduced and whether the beneficial effect is
      sustained over a long period of follow-up.

PMID- 6837685
TI  - Goniotomy vs external trabeculotomy for developmental glaucoma.
AB  - We compared external trabeculotomy and goniotomy in similar groups of patients
      with developmental glaucoma. External trabeculotomy was statistically more
      successful as a first operation (19 of 23 eyes, 83%) than goniotomy (eight of 24
      eyes, 33%) (P = .003). With multiple operations both procedures controlled
      intraocular pressure in most patients but more operations were required after
      goniotomy (31 procedures in 12 eyes) than after external trabeculotomy (13
      procedures in eight eyes) than after occurred within one year of surgery (six of
      eight failures with external trabeculotomy and 20 of 23 failures with goniotomy).

PMID- 6837686
TI  - Detecting early glaucomatous visual field changes with a blue stimulus.

PMID- 6837687
TI  - Dethecting glaucomatous damage with the Friedmann analyzer compared with te
      Goldmann perimeter and evaluation of stereoscopic photographs of the optic disk.
AB  - We used a Friedmann visual field analyzer with a 98-hole plate to test 32 normal
      control eyes and to establish highly specific criteria for abnormality. When
      these criteria were later applied to the testing of 50 additional normal control
      eyes, there were no false-positive abnormalities. With these criteria, the
      Friedmann visual field analyzer proved to be at least as sensitive as careful
      manual perimetry with the Goldmann perimeter in detecting early glaucomatous
      visual field defects. In addition to having high sensitivity and specificity, the
      Friedmann visual field analyzer with the 98-hole plate is rapid and requires very
      little training to operate. By way of comparison, examination of stereoscopic
      photographs of the optic disk was also sensitive in detecting or suggesting
      glaucomatous damage with visual field loss, but some of the normal control optic
      nerves were also considered suspect. Ignoring the suspect disks in order to
      reduce false-positive results improved specificity but simultaneously reduced
      sensitivity for detecting definite visual field loss. The combination of optic
      disk evaluation and visual field testing (with wither the Goldmann or the
      Friedman instrument) better detected early cases than did either test alone,
      because each method picked up some early cases missed by the other.

PMID- 6837688
TI  - Effect of timolol on aqueous humor protein concentration in humans.
AB  - Short-term topical application of timolol, in a prospective, randomized, double
      masked study of 32 human eyes, was associated with an average aqueous humor
      protein concentration of 38 mg/100 ml, compared to 13 mg/100 ml in control
      subjects (P less than .001). This apparent influence of timolol on aqueous
      protein levels probably resulted from reduced aqueous production. It did not
      affect the course of intraocular surgery.

PMID- 6837689
TI  - Uveal findings in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
AB  - A study Of the uveas of white patients with known cutaneous melanoma and white
      control subjects showed that patients with cutaneous melanoma had a significantly
      higher frequency of iris nevi (101 of 197 patients, 51%) than control subjects
      (58 of 147 subjects, 39%). The frequency of choroidal nevi was also higher in the
      group with cutaneous melanoma but the number (eight of 197 patients compared with
      two of 147 control subjects) involved was too small for statistical significance
      to be assessed. Patients with cutaneous melanoma, particularly women, had more
      skin nevi than did control subjects.

PMID- 6837690
TI  - Syphilitic neuroretinitis.
AB  - Four patients (three men, 32, 43, and 53 years old, and one 37-year-old woman)
      with syphilitic neuroretinitis had cerebrospinal fluid evidence of neurosyphilis.
      Therapy failed in one patient given penicillin G benzathine intramuscularly and
      it may have failed in a second patient. Another treatment failure occurred in a
      patient given tetracycline orally. Intramuscular penicillin G benzathine or
      intramuscular penicillin G procaine in doses of less than 2.4 million units/day
      does not produce spirocheticidal drug levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. All four
      patients improved after high-dose treatment with aqueous penicillin G.

PMID- 6837691
TI  - Carrier detection in tapetoretinal degeneration in association with medullary
      cystic disease.
AB  - We conducted electro-oculographic and electroretinographic studies of six
      families with the autosomal recessively inherited Senior-Loken syndrome (juvenile
      familial nephronophthisis or medullary cystic disease in association with
      tapetoretinal degeneration). Sixteen patients had both renal and ocular
      involvement. In two families consanguinity between the patients was established.
      Routine ophthalmologic examination of relatives without renal involvement showed
      no retinal abnormalities, but electro-oculographic and electroretinographic
      studies were helpful in detecting 16 asymptomatic family members who carried the
      gene.

PMID- 6837692
TI  - Removal of solid silicone rubber exoplants after retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - A prospective study of 255 eyes undergoing scleral buckling procedures with solid
      silicone rubber elements as exoplants disclosed a 1.2% incidence (three of 255
      eyes) of buckling element removal after a minimum follow-up period of two years.
      This rate was lower than that reported in series using solid silicone rubber
      implants or sponge silicone rubber exoplants.

PMID- 6837693
TI  - A new B-scan ultrasonographic technique for observing ciliary body detachment.
AB  - We developed a new B-scan ultrasonographic technique for observing ciliary body
      detachment. Our technique uses a water-bath immersion method in which a real-time
      A- and B-mode contact scanner is employed. A ciliary body detachment can be
      ultrasonographically observed either as a separation of the ciliary body from the
      sclera or as a swelling of the ciliary body region. This technique makes it
      possible to diagnose ciliochoroidal detachment accurately while a pathologic
      change is still localized in the ciliary body region.

PMID- 6837694
TI  - Histopathologic and ultrastructural analysis of congenital corneal staphyloma.
AB  - Although the visual prognosis for eyes with congenital corneal staphyloma has
      been considered hopeless, we successfully treated a 1-month-old girl with this
      condition. We performed two penetrating keratoplasties, operating on the left eye
      first and then, one week later, on the right eye. During each procedure, we
      totally resected the staphyloma and excised the iris which was adherent to the
      posterior surface of the cornea. We then sutured an 11-mm corneal button into
      place with 34 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. Light and transmission electron
      microscopy of the Descemet's membrane and endothelium. The left eye had two
      rejection episodes and underwent a second penetrating keratoplasty. The graft in
      this eye is now opaque. The child follows objects well with her right eye.

PMID- 6837695
TI  - Complications of exposed monofilament sutures.
AB  - Exposed monofilament suture ends caused a variety of symptoms and signs in 18
      patients. These included foreign-body sensation, pain, contact lens intolerance,
      giant papillary conjunctivitis, tarsal ulceration, conjunctival granuloma,
      corneal infiltrate, and corneal vascularization. These changes followed cataract
      surgery, corneal transplantation, and pars plana vitrectomy. Diagnoses in these
      cases were made by careful slit-lamp examination and by eversion of the upper
      eyelid. In every case, removal of the sutures or trimming the suture ends
      resulted in the immediate relief of all symptoms with complete resolution of all
      signs within two months.

PMID- 6837696
TI  - Peripheral innervation of extraocular muscles.
AB  - In order to avoid injury to the nerves supplying the extraocular muscles during
      orbital surgery, I studied the anatomy of these nerves in five human orbits that
      had been serially sectioned. Each of the nerves, except for the trochlear, exists
      as bundles of fascicles rather than as a discrete trunk. I made two other
      observations of surgical importance. First, the nerve to the inferior oblique
      muscle may pass through the belly of the inferior rectus muscle and then course
      beneath it before it reaches its normal position. Second, a fibrous septum at the
      orbital apex separates the abducent nerve from the other motor nerves.

PMID- 6837699
TI  - Treatment of eyelid retraction with two pedicle tarsal rotation flaps.
AB  - Five patients with eyelid retraction (seven eyelids, four upper and three lower
      eyelids) associated with blepharoptosis surgery, Graves' disease, and vertical
      extraocular muscle surgery were effectively treated with a new technique
      involving recessing the respective eyelid retractor beyond the tarsal border.
      Direct attachment of the levator aponeurosis or the inferior aponeurosis
      (capsulopalpebral head of the inferior rectus muscle) into the tarsus was
      maintained through an extended framework created by two pedicle tarsal rotation
      flaps. This anatomic retention of the tarsal-retractor junction enhanced transfer
      of muscle contracture into eyelid movement. The only adverse effect was a 4-mm
      gap in the eyelashes of one patient.

PMID- 6837697
TI  - Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession and lateral rectus muscle resection in
      the treatment of congenital esotropia.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 36 patients with congenital esotropia treated
      surgically by bilateral medial rectus muscle recession and lateral rectus muscle
      resection, we found that 22 patients (61%) had not required further surgery and
      that 14 patients (39%) had required further corrective surgery. Seven of these 14
      patients had overcorrections and seven had undercorrections. Patients who
      required a second operation were significantly younger (mean age, 12 months) than
      those who did not (mean age, 23 months). The most common second surgical
      procedure was bilateral tenotomy or disinsertion of the inferior oblique muscle.
      Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession and lateral rectus muscle resection is
      useful in severe (50 prism diopters or more) congenital esotropia. The surgical
      success rate may be improved with bilateral inferior oblique muscle disinsertions
      or tenotomies in patients with inferior oblique muscle overaction. Accurate
      preoperative examinations in patients old enough to cooperate may help avoid
      overcorrection and undercorrection.

PMID- 6837698
TI  - Preoperative use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer.
AB  - After administering a retrobulbar injection of anesthesia, we applied the Honan
      intraocular pressure reducer at a pressure of 30 mm Hg for five minutes to 48
      nonglaucomatous eyes and eight glaucomatous eyes undergoing cataract extraction.
      This technique resulted in mean intraocular pressure reductions of 6.52 mm Hg in
      the nonglaucomatous eyes (P less than .001) and 10.13 mm Hg (P = .013) in the
      glaucomatous eyes. These results were comparable to those achieved by using the
      same device for 40 or more minutes.

PMID- 6837700
TI  - Lower eyelid laxity and ocular symptoms.
AB  - We measured lower eyelid length in 288 healthy subjects to establish a norm and
      then in 95 patients with complaints of intractable photophobia, foreign-body
      sensation, chronic tearing, or chronic recurrent conjunctivitis. The difference
      in length was statistically significant (34.25 +/- 2.43 mm for healthy men vs
      36.51 +/- 2.59 mm in male patients [P - .001] and 32.97 +/- 2.46 mm for healthy
      women vs 33.95 +/- 2.9 mm for female patients [P = .01]). There appears to be a
      cause-and-effect relationship between a flaccid lower eyelid and these ocular
      symptoms.

PMID- 6837701
TI  - Postoperative corneal edema.

PMID- 6837702
TI  - A new type of electrode for recording pattern electroretinograms and visual
      evoked potentials simultaneously.

PMID- 6837703
TI  - Familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity with retinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 6837704
TI  - Using a slit lamp for the neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation of old photographs.

PMID- 6837705
TI  - Work light for use during vitreous surgery.

PMID- 6837706
TI  - "Doughnut" bimanual bipolar diathermy electrodes.

PMID- 6837707
TI  - Caution on the preoperative use of topical timolol.

PMID- 6837708
TI  - Side effects of topical ocular timolol.

PMID- 6837710
TI  - A lighted irrigator for vitrectomy.

PMID- 6837709
TI  - Ocular side effects of antihistamine-decongestant combinations.

PMID- 6837712
TI  - Peristomal covering pads to avoid tape-induced skin irritation.

PMID- 6837714
TI  - Using saline solution in gonioscopy.

PMID- 6837713
TI  - Retinal damage from subretinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 6837711
TI  - Pseudomonas keratitis.

PMID- 6837715
TI  - Programmatic treatment.

PMID- 6837716
TI  - Leisure participation and the retirement process.
AB  - The influence of pre-retirement leisure activity patterns on retirement planning
      and attitudes toward retirement was investigated. Sixty male retirees answered a
      questionnaire designed to collect data regarding sociodemographic variables, the
      degree of preretirement planning, the type and extent of leisure participation
      before and after retirement, and attitudes about retirement. The results show
      that a high degree of pre-retirement leisure participation correlates with a high
      degree of pre-retirement planning. No statistically significant relationships
      were demonstrated between pre-retirement planning and retirement attitudes or
      between pre-retirement leisure participation and retirement attitudes. The
      influence of specific types of activities on the retirement process was also
      examined and results are presented.

PMID- 6837717
TI  - A clinical demonstration program in quality assurance.

PMID- 6837718
TI  - The role of the occupational therapist treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 6837719
TI  - Large granular lymphocyte leukemia. A heterogeneous lymphocytic leukemia in F344
      rats.
AB  - The morphology, histochemistry, cell surface antigens, and natural killer cell
      (NK) activity of 10 primary and 10 transplantable large granular lymphocyte (LGL)
      leukemias of aging F344 rats were studied. The LGL leukemia is the major cause of
      death of aging F344 rats. Morphologically, the LGL leukemias were composed of
      cells with either pleomorphic nuclei with many intracytoplasmic granules or round
      nuclei with few intracytoplasmic granules. The granules appeared to be lysosomes
      containing beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase and ultrastructurally
      developed in association with vesicles in the Golgi apparatus. Splenic natural
      killer cell activity against YAC-1 cells varied from case to case, and it
      appeared to be associated with LGL leukemia cells. Some transplantable leukemias
      had stable NK activity. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of
      surface antigens revealed the LGL leukemias to be heterogeneous, and there was no
      correlation between cytotoxic activity and cell surface antigens. Although the
      morphologic features of cells in LGL leukemias resemble those of normal rat LGLs,
      differences in cytotoxic activity and surface antigens suggest that LGL tumors
      represent a heterogeneous group of leukemias which may serve as a model for the
      study of origin and lineage of normal LGL and NK cells.

PMID- 6837720
TI  - Morphologic alterations induced by short-term cigarette smoking.
AB  - Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema were produced in beagle dogs by their direct
      inhalation of cigarette smoke over a relatively short period of time (2-7
      cigarettes daily for 2-4 months). One dog was sacrificed after having smoked 172
      cigarettes, one after 282 cigarettes, and the others after 480 and 534
      cigarettes, respectively. Examination of the lungs by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy showed a range of response from the presence of numerous
      smoker's macrophages to extensive alterations, including destruction and
      enlargement of alveolar ducts and varying degrees of enlargement of alveolar
      spaces. Interalveolar pores were enlarged, and marked fenestration leading to
      destruction of the alveolar walls became apparent. These features were
      accompanied by interstitial fibrosis of the interalveolar septa. Light- and
      electron-microscopic examination showed no evidence of bronchitis and/or
      bronchiolitis or of physical obstruction to the terminal airways in the early
      development of fibrosis and emphysema.

PMID- 6837722
TI  - Spindle cell carcinoma of the hamster trachea induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The tracheas of 63 male Syrian golden hamsters were exposed once each week for 12
      weeks to a flowing stream of 0.5% N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in phosphate-buffered
      saline (pH 4.5) with a specially designed intratracheal cannula. The animals were
      killed when moribund or 6 months after the final exposure, and the respiratory
      tracts were examined grossly, histologically, and ultrastructurally for tumor
      formation. A total of 13 neoplasms was found in the larynx or trachea. Six were
      papillomas, 3 were carcinomas, and 4 were diagnosed as spindle-cell carcinomas.
      The average time of observation of the various tumor types was 33, 31, and 21
      weeks, respectively. The spindle cell carcinomas contained an exophytic portion
      protruding into the tracheal or laryngeal lumen and an infiltrating portion
      growing circumferentially between the intact mucosa and the cartilage rings or
      plates. They were composed of sheets of elongated and spindle-shaped cells.
      Ultrastructurally, the cells contained bundles of tonofilaments and keratohyalin,
      and were connected by numerous desmosomes. These findings are consistent with a
      squamous origin of the tumor cells and a diagnosis of spindle cell carcinoma.

PMID- 6837723
TI  - Cultured diploid fibroblasts from patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma
      syndrome are hypersensitive to killing by ionizing radiation.
AB  - Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disease.
      About 20% of the gene carriers studied developed medulloblastoma before the age
      of 5 years. Clinical follow-up of these patients, treated with radiotherapy,
      revealed a predisposition to radiogenic basal cell carcinomas with an unusually
      short latent period of 6 months to 3 years. The authors have therefore cultured
      skin fibroblasts from 5 NBCCS patients and measured their radiosensitivity in
      terms of clonogenic survival. Our results showed that, compared with 6 normal
      controls, the NBCCS cells were hypersensitive to X-rays. The average D0 (the
      inverse of the slope of the survival curve) for the NBCCS cells was 98 rads,
      compared with 142 rads for the normal controls and 44 rads for an ataxia
      telangiectasia (AT) strain. The average D10 values (the dose required to reduce
      survival to 10%) were 258, 351, and 123 rads for the NBCCS, normal, and AT
      strains, respectively. Unscheduled DNA synthesis measurements showed that NBCCS
      cells were not defective in excision repair of X-ray-damaged DNA. Pulse labeling
      index measurements showed that NBCCS cells were abnormally inhibited in the
      initiation of DNA synthesis following X-irradiation. The mechanisms underlying
      the radiosensitivity of NBCCS differ in several respects from those of AT. NBCCS
      appears to be potentially a useful model for studying the cellular processes that
      are important in radiation carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6837721
TI  - Animal model of human disease. Infantile X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
      Agammaglobulinemia in horses.

PMID- 6837724
TI  - An ultrastructural study of bronchiolar lesions in rats induced by 4-ipomeanol, a
      product from mold-damaged sweet potatoes.
AB  - Repeated intraperitoneal injections of 4-ipomeanol in rats resulted in extensive
      degeneration and necrosis of nonciliated (Clara) bronchiolar epithelial cells.
      Subsequently there was necrosis and detachment of ciliated cells from the
      bronchiolar basal lamina. The remaining nonciliated cells divided and
      differentiated into ciliated epithelial cells and mature Clara cells. The ability
      of Clara cells to metabolize certain xenobiotics suggests that they may play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease and neoplasia.

PMID- 6837725
TI  - Leukocyte capillary plugging in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the dog.
AB  - After several hours of ischemia an incomplete return of blood flow has been
      reported in brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, and heart. The mechanisms responsible
      for the no-reflow phenomenon have been unclear, and perivascular edema, platelet
      or red cell plugs, and interstitial hemorrhage have been implicated. In the
      present study evidence is provided that leukocyte entrapment in capillaries might
      contribute to no reflow. Leukocytes are large and stiff cells, which adhere to
      vascular endothelium naturally and are known to alter in their adherence
      properties under a variety of conditions. Accordingly, 11 open-chest dogs were
      studied, 1-5 hours after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.
      Reperfusion (9 dogs) at 75 mm Hg arterial pressure was accomplished with Ringer's
      lactate and carbon suspension as a marker for capillary patency. In non-ischemic
      tissue, 98% of the capillaries contained carbon, rare leukocytes, and few
      erythrocytes, whereas tissue from the distribution of the occluded artery was
      heterogeneous: 60% of the capillaries had no carbon, high hematocrits, and
      approximately one leukocyte per unbranched capillary; 40% demonstrated reflow and
      no leukocytes. A significant correlation between capillaries without carbon (no
      reflow) and the frequency of leukocytes remaining in these capillaries indicated
      that leukocytes were present in obstructed capillaries. Furthermore, the
      frequency of leukocytes remaining after the washout with lactate was ten times
      greater than in normal arrested heart muscle without washout. Our results suggest
      that progressive leukocyte capillary plugging during myocardial ischemia
      contributes to preventing full restoration of capillary flow upon reperfusion.

PMID- 6837726
TI  - EMG activity of the vastus medialis oblique and the vastus lateralis in their
      role in patellar alignment.
AB  - Using intramuscular electrodes the integrated electromyographic activity of the
      vastus medialis oblique and the vastus lateralis was examined in twenty normal
      females. The activity was recorded during the last thirty degrees of distal
      segment stabilized knee extension, when patellar subluxation commonly occurs. The
      electromyographic activity was normalized and expressed as a percentage of a
      maximal isometric contraction. Both muscles exhibited low levels of activity with
      no significant differences between the two. This study provides a quantitative
      method to assess whether muscular imbalance is present in patients with patellar
      subluxation.

PMID- 6837728
TI  - Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Fifty-second Annual Meeting of the
      American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Indianapolis, Indiana, April 6
      9, 1983.

PMID- 6837727
TI  - Control of muscle contractile force through indirect high-frequency stimulation.
AB  - With a view to possible application in an orthotic device, study was made of the
      attenuation of background, indirectly induced muscle tetanus produced by
      superimposing high-frequency electrical stimulation of the muscle nerve. The
      effects of varying duration, current and frequency of pulses of the stimulus were
      outlined, and it was concluded that optimal application might be obtained using a
      stimulus frequency of 500 Hz, a pulse duration of 50 musec, and varying the
      frequency to gradate the effect.

PMID- 6837729
TI  - Restraint-induced thermogenesis blunted by fasting in rats.
AB  - Physical restraint was performed in fasted (F3, fasted for 3 days; F7, fasted for
      7 days), and fed control (C) rats. In contrast to the C group, the F3 and F7
      groups showed a low resting metabolism and a low calorigenic response to
      restraint. During restraint, plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine
      (E) were markedly increased but were not significantly different between the C
      and F7 groups. Calorigenic responses to NE and E (6.0 and 12.0 nmol X kg-1 X min
      1) were significantly less in the F3 and F7 groups than in the C group. Plasma
      concentrations of glucose were increased by the infusion of catecholamines in the
      C and F7 groups. The values were not different between the two groups. Plasma
      levels of free fatty acid in the F7 group were significantly higher than in the C
      group before and during catecholamine infusion. Plasma concentrations of
      thyroxine and triiodothyronine were significantly less in the F7 group than in
      the C group. The blunted restraint-induced thermogenesis in fasted rats may be
      mainly attributed to the decreased calorigenic response to catecholamines. The
      decreased calorigenic response may be due to suppressed utilization of energy
      substrates in calorigenic tissues produced by the lowered activity of thyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 6837730
TI  - Effects of medium-chain triglyceride feeding on glucose homeostasis in the
      newborn rat.
AB  - The mechanism of the profound hypoglycemia that develops in newborn rats during a
      fast of 16-h beginning at birth has been investigated. This fasting hypoglycemia
      was completely reversed by giving oral medium-chain fatty acids (MCT). The rise
      in blood glucose induced by MCT feeding was not secondary to a decreased uptake
      of glucose by peripheral tissues because [6-3H]glucose turnover rate was
      increased in MCT-fed neonates. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that
      MCT feeding was associated with a stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. 1) The
      rate of [6-3H]glucose turnover was enhanced after MCT feeding. 2) A fivefold
      increase in the conversion of labeled lactate into glucose was observed in vivo
      after MCT feeding. 3) The rise in blood glucose induced by MCT feeding was
      totally suppressed by an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis (3-mercaptopicolinate).
      Despite their utilization for glucose synthesis, blood levels of lactate,
      alanine, and pyruvate were increased two- to threefold after MCT feeding. When
      MCT feeding was given in association with dichloroacetate, an activator of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), no increase in blood lactate, alanine, and pyruvate
      was observed and the rise in glycemia was prevented. This suggested that
      hyperketonemia due to MCT feeding could decrease the oxidation of 3-carbon
      glucose precursors in peripheral tissues, secondary to an inhibition of PDH, and
      thus enhanced their release in blood. These data indicate that MCT feeding
      stimulates glucose production in the newborn rat, both by increasing the
      availability of gluconeogenic precursors and by a direct effect on hepatic
      gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 6837731
TI  - Cold-stimulated sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue of obese (ob/ob)
      mice.

PMID- 6837733
TI  - Endotoxin dose. II. Effects on glucose biokinetics in Yucatan minipigs.

PMID- 6837732
TI  - Endotoxin dose. I. Hemodynamic, metabolic, and lethal consequences in Yucatan
      minipigs.
AB  - This study was performed in part to establish an endotoxin dosage in miniature
      swine that would yield reproducible cardiovascular and metabolic aberrations over
      a specific 6-h sampling period, minimizing lethality during that time. Five
      groups of three 6-mo-old Yucatan miniature pigs were surgically fitted with
      jugular vein and carotid artery catheters. One week later they were placed in
      slings and infused for 6 h with Difco 055:B5 endotoxin at dosages of 0, 2.5, 7.5,
      15, and 25 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05)
      time-dose interactions were observed in mean arterial pressure, plasma glucose,
      serum potassium, blood lactate, pyruvate, bicarbonate, pH, PO2, PCO2, and urea
      nitrogen. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences were seen in
      lethality by 5 days postendotoxin: 0 = 0%, 2.5 = 0%, 7.5 = 33%, 15 = 67%, and 25
      = 100% lethal. These animals exhibited a sensitive dose response to endotoxin,
      often at two- or threefold dose differences. The 15 and 25 micrograms X kg-1 X h
      1 groups consistently demonstrated the most profound changes in the parameters
      measured.

PMID- 6837734
TI  - Adrenergic regulation of avian pancreatic polypeptide secretion in vitro.
AB  - Adrenergic regulation of avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) secretion from
      perifused microfragments of chicken pancreas was investigated with catecholamines
      and adrenoreceptor-specific analogues added to avian Krebs-Ringer perifusion
      medium containing 11.1 mM glucose. APP release was stimulated by the alpha
      adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine (threshold 5 microM; maximum effective
      concn, 50 microM) and the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (threshold 5
      microM; maximum effective concn, 50 microM). Epinephrine (0.164 microM) and 50
      microM norepinephrine also stimulated APP release. The results obtained suggest
      that APP secretion from chicken pancreas is regulated by dual, complementary
      alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor mechanisms.

PMID- 6837735
TI  - Hemodynamic mechanisms in CNS-induced natriuresis in the conscious rat.
AB  - These experiments were designed to determine 1) the effects of increased CSF
      sodium concentration on renal hemodynamics in the conscious rat, and 2) the role
      of the periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle
      (AV3V) in the natriuretic and hemodynamic responses during this treatment. After
      electrolytic lesions of AV3V periventricular tissue or control surgery, blood
      pressure, glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood flow, urine volume,
      and sodium and potassium excretion were measured before and during
      intraventricular (IVT) infusion of either isotonic or hypertonic saline solutions
      in conscious hydrated rats. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and
      sodium and potassium excretion increased during IVT infusion of concentrated
      sodium solutions in control rats but not in animals with lesions in the AV3V
      region. These data support the hypothesis that the natriuretic response to
      increased CSF sodium concentration in the rat is due to a pressor response and/or
      increased glomerular filtration rate and demonstrate that ablation of AV3V
      periventricular tissue blunts the natriuretic response, possibly through
      diminished central pressor mechanisms and/or decreased central control of
      glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 6837738
TI  - Potassium transport in the isolated proximal convoluted tubule.

PMID- 6837737
TI  - Endogenous opioids and electrolyte excretion after contralateral renal exclusion.
AB  - Acute reductions in functioning renal mass result in increases in both sodium (U
      Na V) and potassium (U K V) excretion by the contralateral kidney (CK). We
      studied the role of endogenous opioids in this response. In control experiments
      acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) increased U Na V from 1,788 +/- 1,125 (SD) to
      3,939 +/- 1,819 and U K V from 1,385 +/- 561 to 2,254 +/- 832 neq/min by the CK
      (P less than 0.005 for both); similar results occurred in rats undergoing acute
      unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). These increases occurred without overall
      change in GFR or mean arterial pressure. In rats receiving a continuous infusion
      of the opiate-receptor antagonist naloxone (0.3 mg . kg-1 . h-1) neither AUN nor
      UUO produced significant alterations in U Na V or U K V by the CK; naloxone
      infusion by itself did not alter GFR or basal rates of cation excretion. A
      separate group of rats was made tolerant to morphine by subcutaneous implantation
      of pellets containing 75 mg morphine base. In these rats, AUN also failed to
      produce any increase in U Na V or U K V by the CK. The results suggest that acute
      reductions in functioning renal mass produced by either AUN or UUO stimulate
      cation excretion by the remaining kidney through reflex pathways that involve
      opiate receptors.

PMID- 6837739
TI  - Evidence for tubuloglomerular feedback in juxtamedullary nephrons of young rats.
AB  - To determine whether the filtration rate of juxtamedullary nephrons is regulated
      by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), we developed two micropuncture techniques
      suitable for the papilla of young rats. One consisted of measuring the tubular
      flow in descending limbs of Henle loops (VDLH) while the ascending limbs of the
      loop of Henle (ALH) were perfused at various rates with three different
      solutions: modified Ringer, artificial Henle loop solution, and Ringer containing
      10(-4) M furosemide. SNGFR was also measured in several juxtamedullary nephrons.
      The other protocol consisted of measuring the tubular stop-flow pressure (PSF) in
      descending limbs of the loop of Henle upstream to a wax block. Distal to the
      block Ringer was perfused at various rates through ALH. Our results provide the
      first evidence of a TGF response in juxtamedullary nephrons. VDLH and SNGFR
      decreased during Ringer perfusion to 42 +/- 4 and 44 +/- 4% of their values at
      zero perfusion. The same pattern was observed using Henle loop solution as
      perfusate, whereas with furosemide VDLH did not change. The maximal decrease in
      PSF was 14.1 +/- 1.4 mmHg. The perfusion rate necessary to induce a half-maximal
      PSF decrease was 9.1 +/- 0.9 nl/min. Similar micropuncture techniques were used
      in proximal tubules of surface nephrons in these rats, which in comparison to the
      deep nephrons showed smaller feedback responses. The mechanism seems to be active
      at physiological nephron flow rates in both nephron populations. Thus, TGF can
      exert its effect on GFR of the whole kidney by acting in both deep and surface
      nephrons.

PMID- 6837736
TI  - Effect of potassium on renal NH3 production.
AB  - The influence on renal ammoniagenesis of a high potassium diet and also of acute
      manipulation of ambient potassium concentration was investigated using both the
      isolated perfused rat kidney and incubated renal cortical tubules. Ingestion of a
      high potassium diet for 1 wk resulted in potassium adaptation but had no effect
      on ammonia production by the isolated kidney perfused with physiologic
      concentrations of glutamine. By contrast, perfusion with a high ambient potassium
      concentration (8.0-9.3 mM) significantly increased renal tissue potassium levels
      and concomitantly reduced the rate of ammonia formation by 30% in comparison with
      perfusions at a normal potassium concentration. NH3 production by tubules
      incubated with 1 mM glutamine was also decreased at a K+ concentration of 9.0 mM.
      Ammonia production was unchanged when kidneys were perfused with a potassium
      concentration of 2.0 mM despite a 16% decrease in renal tissue potassium levels,
      but ammonia production by tubules incubated in 2 mM K+ was slightly less than in
      control incubations at 5.0 mM. Thus, unlike earlier in vitro studies with outer
      medullary slices, these studies do not support the hypothesis that an adaptive
      change in ammoniagenesis results from a high dietary potassium intake. However, a
      high ambient and renal intracellular potassium concentration can depress ammonia
      production. Although potassium depletion causes an adaptive increase in ammonia
      production, a decrease in ambient potassium concentration does not increase
      ammoniagenesis. Accordingly, both a potassium surfeit and deficit can modify
      renal ammonia production, but the mechanisms involved appear to differ.

PMID- 6837740
TI  - Effect of calcitonin on urine concentration in the rat.
AB  - Because mammalian distal nephron segments with both calcitonin- and antidiuretic
      hormone- (ADH) sensitive adenylate cyclase activity have been described, in vivo
      and in vitro experiments were performed to study the effect of calcitonin on rat
      distal nephron water permeability. Calcitonin 1 and 0.1 U/ml, but not 0.01 U/ml,
      significantly increased the diffusional water permeability in the isolated
      papillary collecting duct by 15 and 11%, respectively. However, this effect was
      small when compared with a 68% increase with a supramaximal concentration of ADH
      (from 4.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.7 +/- 0.9 microns/s; n = 6, P less than 0.01). The normal
      increase in water permeability with increasing concentration of ADH (0.02 and 0.2
      mU/ml) was depressed by the previous addition of calcitonin (1 U/ml) to the bath
      but was unaltered with the supramaximal ADH concentration (2 mU/ml). Verapamil, a
      compound that antagonizes cellular calcium entry, did not alter the effect of
      calcitonin on diffusional water permeability. Calcitonin in concentrations of
      0.05, 0.5, and 5 U/ml produced a significant reduction in urine flow and free
      water clearance. Pretreatment with calcitonin in these concentrations inhibited
      the antidiuretic action of ADH. These studies suggest that calcitonin acts as a
      partial agonist to ADH within the distal nephron. It is unclear whether such an
      action represents a physiological or a pharmacological effect.

PMID- 6837741
TI  - Segmental analysis of the renal tubule in buffer production and net acid
      formation.
AB  - Papillary and surface micropuncture in Munich-Wistar rats was used to assess the
      role of proximal segments of superficial and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons, the
      distal tubule of superficial nephrons, and the terminal collecting duct in acid
      excretion. The relative role of these segments in ammonium production,
      bicarbonate reclamation, and net acid formation was assessed under hydropenic
      conditions and after a chronic acid load. In these two settings the proximal
      segment of both kinds of nephrons is the major site of ammonium production and
      bicarbonate reclamation. However, this segment's contribution to net acid
      formation was only significant during acidosis. On the other hand, segments
      beyond the distal tubule appear to be the major site of acid formation. In situ
      pH measurements were lower in these nephron segments and fell even more after the
      induction of an acidosis. Ammonia appears to enter fluid between the end of the
      distal tubule and the base of the collecting duct. In vivo pH measurements made
      near the bend of Henle's loop of JM nephrons were more alkaline than near the end
      of the proximal tubule of superficial nephrons. It is postulated that this
      difference in pH allows ammonium to dissociate, permitting the movement of
      ammonia out of the tubule lumen and into collecting duct fluid where it is
      protonated and, therefore, reentrapped. This process is enhanced by the ingestion
      of a chronic acid load.

PMID- 6837742
TI  - Acute and chronic servo-control of renal perfusion pressure.
AB  - We describe a servo-control system for acute and chronic regulation of renal
      perfusion pressure or pressures in other parts of the circulation. The system
      employs a Dacron-reinforced inflatable silastic occluder of sufficient strength
      and durability to produce large pressure gradients for long periods of time (at
      least 10 days) in the abdominal aortas of large dogs. The occluder is inflated
      with an inexpensive, bidirectional DC motor syringe pump that is controlled by a
      comparator feedback circuit connected to the output of a driver amplifier of a
      Grass polygraph or any other suitable recorder. The system has a rapid response
      time for precise control and has been used to maintain a constant renal perfusion
      pressure in experiments lasting as long as 10 days. The system has diverse
      applications in studies of acute or chronic regulation of renal hemodynamics as
      well as the hemodynamics of other organ systems. The main advantages of this
      system, besides its durability and precision of control, are that it is very
      inexpensive (total cost including the syringe pump is less than $150), easy to
      construct, and can be used in chronic studies for servo-controlling renal
      perfusion pressure or pressures in other parts of the circulation.

PMID- 6837743
TI  - Differential effect of taurocholic acid on hepatic arterial resistance vessels
      and bile flow.
AB  - The "hepatic arterial buffer response" hypothesis states that the hepatic artery
      is not controlled by liver parenchymal cell metabolic activity. Bile salts
      stimulate liver metabolism (elevate bile formation) and dilate the hepatic
      artery. The present data show that the vascular and metabolic effects in cats
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium are independent. Low doses of taurocholate
      (1 microM . min-1 . kg-1) produce metabolic but not vascular responses. At higher
      doses both the hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery dilate with equal
      sensitivity. Taurocholate into the portal vein produced elevated bile flow and
      hepatic arterial dilation; infusion via the hepatic artery resulted in equal
      metabolic responses but much greater vascular effects. In addition, the time
      course of onset and termination of the metabolic and vascular responses supports
      the conclusion that the effects of taurocholic acid on hepatic bile flow and
      hepatic arterial flow are independent actions. This adds further support for the
      hepatic arterial buffer response being controlled by factors other than local
      hepatic metabolic demands.

PMID- 6837744
TI  - Coupled sodium-chloride transport by rabbit ileal brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Uptake of Na and Cl into brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit
      ileal epithelial cells was investigated with a rapid filtration technique using
      22Na and 36Cl as tracers. The rank order of anion dependence for Na uptake in the
      absence of anion gradients was SCN greater than NO3 greater than gluconate. The
      sequence of cation specificity for Cl uptake was Na congruent to Li greater than
      K greater than choline. The transport of Na and Cl were both inhibited by
      harmaline, furosemide, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid,
      and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid. Carrier mediation of Cl
      stimulated Na transport was suggested by the competition for 22Na uptake with
      increasing concentrations of unlabeled Na in the presence of Cl but not when
      gluconate was the counterion. Chloride-dependent Na uptake had an apparent Km of
      4.5 mM and a Vmax of 20 nmol . mg prot-1 . 15 s-1. Na-H exchange and Cl-OH (or
      HCO3) exchange were also demonstrated in these vesicles. These findings confirm
      the presence of an electrically neutral carrier-mediated, Na-Cl-coupled transport
      process in the apical cell membrane of rabbit ileal epithelial cells. The nature
      of the coupling of Na to Cl transport, i.e., NaCl symport or a process that
      combines Na-H antiport with Cl-OH (or HCO3) antiport, remains to be determined.

PMID- 6837746
TI  - Membrane properties and innervation of smooth muscle cells in Hirschsprung's
      disease.
AB  - Mechanical and membrane properties of smooth muscle cells and/or neuroeffector
      transmission in the aganglionic segment of the large intestine (Hirschsprung's
      disease) were compared with findings in the ganglionic segment. Tension
      recording, microelectrode, and double sucrose gap methods were used. There was no
      difference in resting membrane potential of the longitudinal or circular muscle
      cell in these two segments, which were obtained at biopsy in Japanese children.
      In the ganglionic preparations, generations of regular prepotentials, with or
      without the spike, correlated well to the rhythmic contractions. However, in the
      aganglionic segment, irregular spike and contraction only were observed. In the
      circular or longitudinal muscle of the ganglionic segments, field stimulations
      evoked inhibitory junction potentials, excitatory junction potentials, or both
      and triggered initial relaxation and then a contraction of the tissue. In the
      aganglionic segment, however, field stimulation evoked only excitatory junction
      potentials followed by contraction. These results indicate that, in cases of
      Hirschsprung's disease, there may be a deficiency in the nonadrenergic inhibitory
      pathways. This is the first evidence for a lack of spasticity in muscle from the
      aganglionic segment of the large intestine obtained from children with
      Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 6837745
TI  - A role for basolateral anion exchange in active jejunal absorption of HCO-3.
AB  - Isolated short-circuited segments of jejunum from Amphiuma absorbed HCO-3 at a
      rate determined by the anion composition of the bathing media. The rate of HCO-3
      absorption (JHCO-3) measured by pH-stat was high when the major anion was Cl-, Br
      , I-, or SO2-(4) but was lower when gluconate or benzene sulfonate (SO-3) was the
      anion. The disulfonic stilbenes SITS, DIDS, and DNDS at 1 mM reduced JHCO-3 and
      short-circuit current when added to the serosal bathing medium. Inhibition by
      SITS was comparable whether Cl-, Br-, or SO2-(4) was the major anion, and SITS
      produced a small inhibition of JHCO-3 in gluconate-based media and no effect in
      benzene SO3-based media. Under conditions in which tissue conductance was low
      SITS lowered tissue conductance further. In Cl- media SITS reduced short-circuit
      current consistent with inhibition of Cl- absorption as well as HCO-3 absorption.
      Inhibition of the Cl- current by DIDS was not reversed by washout, although the
      inhibition of JHCO-3 was reversed. The rate of HCO-3 absorption in gluconate
      media could be increased by serosal addition of Cl-, Br-, or I-. It is concluded
      that the process that results in net jejunal HCO-3 absorption entails anion-HCO-3
      exchange at the basolateral membrane and is distinct from the basolateral Cl(-)
      HCO-3 exchange process involved in Cl- absorption.

PMID- 6837747
TI  - Transmural fluxes of 5-hydroxytryptamine in guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Transmural movement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was studied in guinea pig small
      intestine in vitro in order to test the hypothesis that there is mucosal 5-HT
      barrier in this species. Segments of guinea pig ileum were mounted as flat sheets
      in flux chambers or were everted and perfused. Mucosal-to-serosal (Jm leads to s)
      and serosal-to-mucosal (Js leads to m) fluxes of 5-HT were measured in the
      absence of 5-HT gradients and under open- or short-circuited conditions. The
      results indicated that substantial transmural movement of 5-HT occurred in these
      preparations. Both Jm leads to s and Js leads to m were linear functions of the 5
      HT concentration over a range of 1-30 microM and were not significantly different
      in the two directions. Addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol to both sides of the tissue
      reduced short-circuit current to zero and increased both tissue conductance and
      unidirectional 5-HT fluxes. These results suggested that the 5-HT fluxes across
      the guinea pig ileum occurred by passive mechanisms. Fluxes of 5-HT across
      preparations with the muscularis externa removed were not significantly different
      from fluxes across intact preparations. Mucosal-to-serosal 5-HT fluxes in everted
      perfused sacs were comparable with fluxes in the flat-sheet preparations. The
      data are not consistent with the hypothesis of a "tissue barrier" that functions
      to prevent 5-HT from reaching serotonergic receptors on enteric ganglion cells or
      enteroendocrine cells.

PMID- 6837748
TI  - Multiple 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors on feline ileum and ileocecal sphincter.
AB  - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the feline ileum and ileocecal
      sphincter (ICS) were studied in vivo using simultaneous myoelectric and pressure
      recordings. Both inhibitory and excitatory responses were seen in the ileum and
      ICS, with the inhibitory response being seen with lower doses of 5-HT (EDmax for
      inhibition was 5.0 micrograms/kg and EDmax for contractile response was 80.0
      micrograms/kg). The inhibitory and excitatory responses were antagonized
      separately by different 5-HT antagonists. Methysergide inhibited the ICS
      relaxation response only, whereas cinanserin inhibited the ICS contractile
      response. Neither effect was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, suggesting that 5-HT acts
      directly on the smooth muscle at at least two separate receptors. In addition,
      methysergide alone resulted in a usually tonic increase (8.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg) in
      basal ICS pressure (P less than 0.05) without an ileal effect, and tetrodotoxin
      alone induced phasic ileal and ICS contractions (delta ICS = 7.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg).
      These data suggest the action of at least two inhibitory neurons tonically at the
      ICS.

PMID- 6837749
TI  - Biliary transport of glutathione and methylmercury.
AB  - The hepatobiliary transport of glutathione (GSH) and methylmercury (MM) was
      investigated in male and female rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. When
      bile flow was altered with either sodium dehydrocholate (DHC), hypertonic sucrose
      infusion, or by hypothermia, the absolute rates of GSH and MM secretion into bile
      were not affected, resulting in parallel concentration changes in the bile fluid
      for both GSH and MM. Indocyanine green and sulfobromophthalein (BSP), but not BSP
      glutathione complex, inhibited the biliary secretion of free GSH. This inhibition
      was accompanied by a parallel inhibition of MM secretion into bile and occurred
      without any changes in liver GSH or MM levels. On the other hand, the intravenous
      administration of cysteine, GSH, and penicillamine was associated with an
      increase in the secretion rate of reduced sulfhydryl groups into bile and an
      increase in the biliary secretion rate of MM. The increased biliary secretion
      rate of MM after phenobarbital pretreatment was also associated with an increased
      rate of secretion of GSH into bile. In addition, sex differences and individual
      variability in the biliary secretion of MM were correlated with differing
      abilities to secrete GSH into bile. The results suggest the presence of a biliary
      transport system for GSH that determines the biliary secretion of MM.

PMID- 6837750
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis by microsomes of circular and longitudinal
      gastrointestinal muscles.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether longitudinal and circular muscles
      from various regions of stomach and small bowel had the capacity to convert
      arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs). PG production by the microsomal
      fractions of isolated muscles was assayed by determining the conversion of
      [14C]AA to 14C-labeled 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2, PGA2, and
      thromboxane B2. Individual PGs were identified by thin-layer chromatography. The
      metabolism of [14C]AA to [14C]PGs was linearly related to substrate
      concentration, enzyme concentration, and incubation time at 37 degrees C and was
      inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by indomethacin. Longitudinal and circular
      muscles from all tested regions (corpus, fundus, antrum, pylorus, duodenum,
      jejunum, and ileum) synthesized PGs. In all regions the major end products of AA
      metabolism were 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha. The data indicate that
      circular and longitudinal muscles from all regions of the stomach and small bowel
      contain the enzymatic apparatus necessary to convert AA into prostaglandins.

PMID- 6837751
TI  - Lack of interaction between a hypertonic NaCl stimulus and the brain renin
      angiotensin system.
AB  - Sodium and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participate in the regulation of
      cardiovascular function, in part via activation of central nervous system (CNS)
      mechanisms. Because intraventricular (IVT) administration of either hypertonic
      sodium chloride (NaCl) or angiotensin II (ANG II) elicits similar effects (i.e.,
      natriuresis, hypertension, increased drinking, and enhanced vasopressin release)
      a common and final pathway may be involved. With this in mind, we measured the
      effect of an IVT injection (third or lateral ventricle) of 0.6 M NaCl on
      postganglionic renal nerve activity (RNA) and blood pressure in morphine
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs before and after blockade of the brain RAS with
      either captopril or [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II. Both vagus and carotid sinus nerves were
      cut to avoid impingement of the baroreceptor reflex on the measured variables.
      IVT injection of 0.6 M NaCl produced a prominent hypertensive response and
      tachycardia associated with a 59 +/- 9% increase in RNA. These changes were
      statistically significant (P less than 0.001), correlated with each other, and
      were abolished by administration of hexamethonium chloride (10 mg/kg iv).
      Blockade of central ANG II receptors with [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II was without effect.
      However, in dogs given IVT SQ 14,225, there was a slight increase in baseline RNA
      before injection of 0.6 M NaCl; in addition, both the pressor and heart rate
      responses to the stimulus of hypertonic NaCl were further augmented. These
      results demonstrate that central administration of hypertonic NaCl in
      baroreceptor-denervated dogs produces marked activation of sympathetic nerve
      activity via mechanisms other than activation of the brain RAS.

PMID- 6837752
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on contractility of isolated mesenteric lymphatics.
AB  - Norepinephrine increases the spontaneous contraction frequency of isolated bovine
      lymphatic vessels but, paradoxically, reduces contraction force. In this
      investigation contractions were elicited by electrical stimulation, applied as
      field stimulation or across a sucrose gap. Evoked contractions were not reduced
      in force by concentrations of norepinephrine that have previously been shown to
      dramatically reduce contractility in spontaneously active vessels. However, at
      higher concentrations a beta-inhibitory component of the norepinephrine effect
      was often observed. Simultaneous recordings of electrical and mechanical activity
      from spontaneously active vessels showed that each spontaneous contraction was
      initiated by a single action potential. Norepinephrine significantly disrupted
      electrical activity causing increased action potential frequency, reduction in
      action potential amplitude, and frequent failure of full action potential
      development. We conclude that norepinephrine depresses the force of spontaneous
      contractions by disruption of spontaneous pacemaking rather than by any direct
      effect on vessel contractility.

PMID- 6837753
TI  - Chronic exercise prevents characteristic age-related changes in rat cardiac
      contraction.

PMID- 6837754
TI  - Freeze-fractured cardiac gap junctions: structural analysis by three methods.
AB  - In isolated rat left ventricles perfused at 37 degrees C with control, Ca2+
      loading, and Ca2+-depleting solutions (pH 7.3-7.4), we have investigated freeze
      fractured gap junctional membrane by three quantitative techniques designed to
      correlate changes in junctional permeability with changes in membrane
      ultrastructure, i.e., 1) optical diffraction, 2) direct measurement of center-to
      center spacings and particle diameters, and 3) statistical analysis of the
      spatial distribution of P-face particles based on analysis of nearest neighbor
      center-to-center distances. Junctions fixed either with glutaraldehyde or by
      quick freezing were compact, with closely packed rather than dispersed membrane
      particles even in the permeable state. Analysis of variance for all three methods
      indicated that replication was a major variability source limiting structural
      discrimination. Discrimination between random, regular, and clustered
      distributions depended critically on particle diameter and particle density. The
      results differ from published data of others on mammalian ventricular gap
      junctions and from measurements by our laboratory on sheep cardiac Purkinje
      fibers (J. Ultrastruct. Res. 75: 195-204, 1981).

PMID- 6837756
TI  - New technique for detection of changes in QRS morphology of ECG signals.
AB  - With the use of the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a prototype signal, a new
      technique was devised for detecting signals embedded in noise. Averaged "normal"
      digitized ECG signals formed a template to which subsequent ECG QRS complexes
      were compared. The difference between the averaged template signals and
      subsequent normal beats was white noise, whereas the difference between the
      template and ectopic beats consisted of nonrandom signal variation. The template
      to new signal comparison for the zero-, first-, second-, and third-order
      differences utilized an approximate F test. Accurate detection of abnormal
      signals associated with high- and low-frequency noise is accomplished with this
      method, and the practical clinical utility of the method is under study.

PMID- 6837755
TI  - Blood flow and oxygen consumption in active soleus and gracilis muscles in cats.
AB  - The results of the present study indicate that, although there are quantitative
      differences, there are no fundamental, qualitative differences in the vascular
      and metabolic responses to muscle contraction between slow-twitch soleus muscle
      and fast-twitch gracilis muscle in cats. Vascularly isolated muscles were
      perfused under free-flow conditions and were stimulated to contract isometrically
      for 12 min. Venous outflow was measured with a drop counter. Resting blood flow
      (6.3 +/- 1.3 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1) and oxygen consumption (0.27 +/- 0.04 ml O2 .
      min-1 . 100g-1) in soleus muscle did not differ significantly from the respective
      values in gracilis muscle. Blood flow increased by as much as sixfold above
      control values in both soleus and gracilis muscles in response to muscle
      contraction. Oxygen consumption increased linearly as a function of muscle
      performance in both muscles. However, the oxygen cost per kilogram of force
      developed was about threefold greater in gracilis compared with soleus muscle.
      The lower oxygen cost of contraction, coupled with an apparent maximal oxygen
      consumption twice that of gracilis muscle, enabled soleus muscle to maintain a
      greater level of muscle performance.

PMID- 6837758
TI  - Clearance of rabbit plasma angiotensinogen and relationship to CSF
      angiotensinogen.
AB  - Rabbit plasma angiotensinogen was purified 1,390-fold by classical purification
      procedures. Analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and direct activity
      assay revealed that the purified preparations were greater than 90% native
      angiotensinogen. The purified angiotensinogen was radiolabeled with 125I-Na using
      the immobilized lactoperoxidase-Sepharose method and injected into awake,
      conscious rabbits. Complex clearance kinetics were observed that were resolved by
      a three-component model; half of the protein was cleared rapidly (t1/2 = 6 and 54
      min), presumably reflecting mixing and redistribution, whereas half exhibited
      slow clearance kinetics (t1/2 = 8.58 h). The clearance kinetics were independent
      of the method of iodination and the isoelectric-point microheterogeneity of the
      protein. With knowledge of clearance kinetics we tested whether cerebrospinal
      fluid angiotensinogen could derive from the plasma pool. After injection of
      approximately 100 microCi 125I-angiotensinogen into the rabbit circulation,
      little 125I-angiotensinogen was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Further, the
      brain space of 125I-angiotensinogen was identical to that of 125I-albumin, a
      protein that does not partition from plasma into the central nervous system. We
      conclude that the brain prohormone does not appear to be derived from the plasma
      pool.

PMID- 6837757
TI  - Contribution of adenosine to arteriolar autoregulation in striated muscle.
AB  - The contribution of adenosine to blood flow autoregulation in striated muscle was
      evaluated by direct in vivo visualization of arterioles in the rat cremaster
      muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and
      the cremaster muscle was surgically exposed and maintained in a controlled tissue
      bath environment with pH 7.40, CO2 tension (PCO2) congruent to 40 mmHg, and O2
      tension (PO2) at either a high (congruent to 70 mmHg) or a low (congruent to 10
      mmHg) value. Local adenosine activity was blocked in some animals by the addition
      of theophylline (3 X 10(-5) M) to the bath medium. Individual second (2A)- and
      third (3A)-order arterioles were observed via closed-circuit television
      microscopy, and blood flow in each arteriole was calculated from simultaneous
      measurements of arteriolar diameter and red blood cell velocity. Perfusion
      pressure to the animal's hindquarters was altered by varying the degree of
      occlusion of the sacral aorta; arteriolar diameter, velocity, and blood flow
      responses were plotted as a function of the varying pressure. Both 2A and 3A
      arterioles exhibited vasodilation and substantial superregulation of blood flow
      (increased blood flow with decreased perfusion pressure) when bath PO2 was low
      and adenosine activity was not blocked. Addition of theophylline to the cremaster
      bath medium significantly reduced the dilation and abolished superregulation,
      although substantial autoregulation remained. When bath PO2 was high, the degree
      of arteriolar dilation and autoregulation was reduced compared with the low bath
      PO2 responses, and blocking adenosine activity had no effect on the responses.
      These results support the concept that changes in local adenosine levels are
      involved in the autoregulatory responses observed in the rat cremaster muscle and
      that the magnitude of adenosine's contribution is directly related to the degree
      of tissue hypoxia. However, blocking adenosine activity did not totally abolish
      autoregulation, suggesting that other metabolic and/or myogenic factors may also
      be contributing to blood flow regulation in this tissue.

PMID- 6837759
TI  - Extravascular distribution of albumin and IgG during high-permeability edema in
      skin.
AB  - The effects of local intra-arterial infusions of bradykinin on the interstitial
      distribution of albumin and gamma-immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied in hind paw
      skin of anesthetized rabbits. After 4 h of a continuous bradykinin infusion,
      lymph flow in a prenodal popliteal lymphatic was five times base line. The lymph
      to-plasma concentration ratio for total protein was increased by 34%. Samples of
      heel skin were taken at the end of the experiment. The extracellular and plasma
      spaces in the tissue samples were measured using 51Cr-labeled
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 125I-labeled human serum albumin,
      respectively. The protein spaces were calculated from measurements of endogenous
      albumin and IgG concentrations using rocket electroimmunoassay. After bradykinin,
      the interstitial volume was 28% greater than control, whereas the extravascular
      masses of albumin and IgG were twice as great as the control values. Based on
      lymph concentration, both proteins distributed in 50% of the interstitial volume
      during control. Following bradykinin, both proteins distributed in a greater
      fraction of the interstitium. However, the excluded volume, equal to 0.9 ml/g dry
      wt, was not altered after bradykinin. This may indicate an increase in free-fluid
      channels with no hydration of the interstitial gel matrix.

PMID- 6837760
TI  - Selective denervation of the heart.
AB  - Total denervation of the canine heart consisted of intrapericardial neural
      dissection of the left atrium, left superior pulmonary vein, and main pulmonary
      artery and cutting of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve (stage I). The fat pad and
      all nerves were removed from between the pulmonary artery and aorta (stage II).
      Dissection proceeded from the pericardial reflection along the superior vena cava
      to the azygos vein, which was cleared, double tied, and cut. The right pulmonary
      artery was cleaned, and the superior right atrium was dissected to its
      intersection with the left atrium (stage III). Denervation was tested by
      electrical stimulation of both vagi and stellate ganglia, while recording
      inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic events, before and after each stage.
      Stage I deleted most left autonomic input to the heart without interrupting right
      sympathetics. Stage II completed left autonomic denervation but preserved much of
      the right sympathetic input. Large nerves along the dorsal surface of the
      pulmonary artery carried inputs from both left and right sympathetics. Stage III
      completed the denervation of atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodal structures and
      removed all remaining ventricular inotropic influences. Selective denervation of
      atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodal regions appears feasible for preparation of
      chronic canine models.

PMID- 6837761
TI  - Systemic hemodynamic effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in the rat.
AB  - Although local administration of the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes into cutaneous
      and coronary vascular beds indicates that these naturally occurring metabolites
      of arachidonic acid are vasoconstrictors, their systemic administration has
      produced both pressor and depressor responses. The systemic hemodynamic effects
      of intravenous leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) were assessed in
      ether-anesthetized rats and compared with the effects produced by equimolar doses
      (2 X 10(-10) to 4 X 10(-8) mol/kg) of norepinephrine and angiotensin. Mean
      arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, and cardiac output (electromagnetic
      flowmetry) were recorded during bolus administrations of these vasoactive
      compounds. LTC4 and LTD4 had similar hemodynamic effects that were characterized
      by moderate pressure elevations produced by dose-dependent increases in total
      peripheral resistance, since cardiac output declined. Although the peak mean
      arterial pressure levels produced by LTC4 and LTD4 (135 +/- 7 and 129 +/- 5 mmHg,
      respectively) were less than those by norepinephrine (157 +/- 3 mmHg) and
      angiotensin (174 +/- 5 mmHg), the peak total peripheral resistance values of LTC4
      and LTD4 (2.23 +/- 0.32 and 1.86 +/- 0.17 mmHg X ml-1 X min-1, respectively) were
      between those of the well-known vasopressors, norepinephrine (1.50 +/- 0.09) and
      angiotensin (2.72 +/- 0.41). The pressor response to LTC4 and LTD4 was less
      marked than that to norepinephrine and to angiotensin because of the concomitant
      reduction in cardiac output. These results indicate that LTC4 and LTD4 are
      systemic vasoconstrictors with potencies similar to those of norepinephrine and
      angiotensin.

PMID- 6837762
TI  - Kinetics of trace element chromium(III) in the human body.
AB  - Chromium(III) has been reported to be an essential trace element involved in the
      control of glucose metabolism by insulin. We have studied the distribution and
      kinetics of intravenous [51Cr]chromium(III) in six human subjects using a whole
      body scintillation scanner, a whole-body counter, and plasma counting. Principal
      concentrations were found in the liver, spleen, soft tissue, and bone. The data
      were fit to a model consisting of a plasma pool in equilibrium with fast (T1/2 =
      0.5-12 h), medium (1-14 days), and slow (3-12 mo) compartments, and transfer
      rates were calculated for exchanges between compartments. Each of the imaged
      organs appeared to contain varying proportions of each compartment. Two patients
      with hemochromatosis, in which iron overload is postulated to exclude chromium
      transport, were found to have altered rate constants. The results should be
      useful in assessing the metabolism and nutritional requirement of chromium(III)
      in humans and its importance in disease processes such as diabetes.

PMID- 6837763
TI  - Interactions between baroreceptor and sympathetic pathways.
AB  - The interactions between baroreceptor and sympathetic pathways were determined in
      anesthetized cats using computer summation techniques. Electrical stimuli applied
      to baroreceptor afferent nerves produced an early and late period of inhibition
      of sympathetic nervous discharge (SND) recorded from the external carotid or
      inferior cardiac nerves. The late period of baroreceptor-induced inhibition
      summated algebraically with the cardiac-locked slow wave of SND during all phases
      of the cardiac cycle. Increases in the intensity of baroreceptor stimulation
      resulted in an increase in the amplitude and duration of the late inhibition.
      Alterations in the periodicity of SND failed to effect the late phase of
      inhibition. Picrotoxin blocked the late period of baroreceptor-induced inhibition
      but enhanced the cardiac locking of SND. These data indicate that the late period
      of inhibition reflects the ability of afferent nerves to modulate the amplitude
      of central sympathetic outflow, regardless of its periodicity. In addition, the
      central baroreceptor pathways involved in amplitude modulation and temporal
      locking of SND to the cardiac cycle are distinct and are located at the level of
      the brain stem. A spinal component of baroreceptor-induced sympathoinhibition is
      also described.

PMID- 6837764
TI  - Suprachiasmatic nuclei influence circannual and circadian rhythms of ground
      squirrels.
AB  - Golden-mantled ground squirrels, maintained under constant conditions of
      photoperiod and temperature sustained lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
      or of the medial basal hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN eliminated or
      disrupted circadian activity rhythms and shortened the period of the circannual
      reproductive cycle. Circannual body weight cycles were eliminated or disrupted in
      several SCN-lesioned animals and one squirrel had a 3- to 5-mo body weight
      rhythm; however, most SCN-lesioned squirrels with disrupted circadian activity
      cycles manifested normal circannual body weight rhythms. The SCN are important
      for circadian organization of locomotor activity of this diurnal rodent, but the
      generation and expression of circannual body weight and reproductive rhythms can
      proceed in the absence of coherent circadian organization. The SCN are less
      essential for the generation and expression of circannual than of circadian
      cycles.

PMID- 6837765
TI  - Theoretical analysis of "metabolic indices" of blood buffer system.
AB  - The well-known base excess (BE) and buffer base (BB) curves of Siggaard
      Andersen's nomogram are based on their empirical finding that the blood buffer
      lines in the pH-log PCO2 coordinates with the same BE (or BB) always pass through
      a single point irrespective of the hemoglobin concentration. We have analytically
      derived the BE and BB curves on the assumption of a two-compartmental model of
      blood buffer system comprised of plasma and red blood cells. These hyperbolic
      functions of BE and BB curves fitted the Siggaard-Andersen's observation very
      well. The simple formulas derived from the buffer equation with the parameters
      obtained on the least-square basis were shown to estimate "metabolic indices" of
      blood as accurately as the computer reading of the nomographic curves. These
      results seem to indicate that the buffer equation based on the two-compartmental
      model describes the acid-base status of blood satisfactorily, and that it can
      entirely replace the Siggaard-Andersen's nomogram.

PMID- 6837766
TI  - Effects of sucrose, caffeine, and cola beverages on obesity, cold resistance, and
      adipose tissue cellularity.
AB  - Rats consuming Coca-Cola and Purina chow ad libitum increased their total energy
      intake by 50% without excess weight gain. Their resistance to cold was markedly
      improved. These phenomena were characterized by significant increases in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue weight (IBAT) (91%), cellularity (59%),
      triglyceride content (52%), protein content (94%), and cytochrome oxidase
      activity (167%). In contrast, Coca-Cola consumption did not significantly affect
      the cellularity or triglyceride content of parametrial white adipose tissue
      (PWAT), although it slightly augmented PWAT weight. The effects of Coca-Cola on
      cold resistance, IBAT cellularity, and composition were entirely reproduced by
      sucrose, but not caffeine, consumption. Although caffeine also increased IBAT
      cellularity and composition, it significantly decreased the rate of body weight
      gain, PWAT weight, and adipocyte size. Moreover, it markedly inhibited adipocyte
      proliferation in PWAT thereby mimicking the effects of exercise training and food
      restriction (Bukowiecki et al., Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Endocrinol. Metab. 2): E422
      E429, 1980). It is concluded a) that sucrose and Coca-Cola consumption improve
      the resistance of rats to cold, most probably by increasing brown adipose tissue
      cellularity, and b) that moderate caffeine intake might be useful for inhibiting
      proliferative activity in white adipose tissue, thereby preventing obesity.

PMID- 6837767
TI  - Effect of dehydration and hyperosmolality on thermoregulatory water losses in
      exercising dogs.

PMID- 6837768
TI  - Aerobic response to exercise of the fastest land crab.
AB  - To view the aerobic response to exercise, the ghost crab Ocypode guadichaudii was
      run in a treadmill respirometer at three velocities (0.13, 0.19, and 0.28 km/h)
      while oxygen consumption (VO2) was monitored. A steady-state VO2 that increased
      linearly with velocity was attained. VO2 transient periods at the beginning and
      end of exercise were extremely rapid with half times from 50 to 150 s. The
      magnitude of oxygen deficit and debt were small and both showed increases with an
      increase in velocity. Oxygen debt was measured at each velocity after 4-, 10-,
      and 20-min exercise bouts. No change in the magnitude of oxygen debt was observed
      with respect to exercise duration. Maximal VO2 was 11.9 times the average resting
      VO2. Oxygen uptake kinetics have shown only very sluggish and reduced rates in
      five other more sedentary crab species previously tested. The aerobic response
      pattern observed in the present study is more comparable to that of exercising
      mammals and highly aerobic ectothermic vertebrates. This suggests that the ghost
      crab meets the energy demand of sustained exercise by aerobic ATP production in
      contrast to many other crab species.

PMID- 6837769
TI  - Some effects of aldosterone on sodium kinetics and distribution in porcine
      arterial wall.
AB  - Transport rate constants for Na+ exchanges and relative Na+ compartment
      distribution in isolated pig carotid wall were determined with the aid of 22Na+
      as tracer that was continuously washed out. A three-compartment model consisting
      of 1) extracellular, 2) intracellular, and 3) subcellular spaces was found to
      represent adequately the kinetics of 22Na+. It was found that d-aldosterone (0.85
      X 10(-6) M) added to the incubating medium for 3 h causes significant changes in
      two transport rate constants and in the distribution of sodium within different
      compartments. Total tissue water, nonradioactive sodium (tracee), and potassium
      are not altered by aldosterone; however, when amounts of Na+ tracee are
      calculated for each compartment, aldosterone significantly reduces the amount of
      Na+ in compartment 2. Overall, the results indicate that aldosterone induces a
      translocation of Na+ into the extracellular space at the expense of the
      intracellular space. The findings are interpreted in the light of recent reports
      on the role of altered function of the Na+-K+ pump under aldosterone influence or
      arterial hypertension.

PMID- 6837770
TI  - Effects of ethanol ingestion on thirst and fluid consumption in humans.
AB  - To investigate the effects of ethanol on thirst, fluid intake was measured in 24
      normal subjects for 3 h after consumption of 1.0 g/kg ethanol, with or without
      administration of a vasopressin analogue (DDAVP) before ethanol ingestion. Fluid
      consumption was reduced in subjects receiving DDAVP, suggesting that thirst after
      ethanol is largely secondary to dehydration due to inhibition of vasopressin
      release. Further, the effects of ethanol on salt-load-elicited thirst and fluid
      consumption in normal subjects were studied using intravenous hypertonic saline
      infusions. Subjects acted as their own controls and received 0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg
      ethanol 30 min before infusions on one day and an equal volume of fluid on
      another day. During infusions after ethanol, subjects experienced thirst later
      and at higher osmolalities. They also drank less immediately after infusions with
      prior ethanol ingestion. The relationship between thirst score and plasma
      osmolality was shifted to higher osmolalities by ethanol. Thus, although ethanol
      progressively causes thirst secondary to dehydration, it has a direct inhibitory
      effect on the thirst response to osmotic stimulation.

PMID- 6837771
TI  - Effects of area postrema/caudal medial nucleus of solitary tract lesions on food
      intake and body weight.
AB  - Lesions of the area postrema/caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract
      (AP/cmNTS), located on the surface of the dorsal medulla of the rat, cause a
      transient syndrome of hypophagia and body weight loss, with the establishment of
      a new growth curve at a lower body weight set point. The regulatory responses to
      prolonged food deprivation, glucoprivic stimulation, and chronic access to a
      palatable diet are left largely intact. However, there is an overconsumption of
      highly palatable foods during acute exposure to supermarket and high-fat diets.
      Intestinal transit and gastric retention are unaffected by the lesion, indicating
      normal motor function within the gastrointestinal system. The hypophagia and
      chronic depression of body weight by the AP/cmNTS lesion demonstrate that this
      area is an important part of the larger neurocircuitry subserving feeding
      behavior and energy balance.

PMID- 6837772
TI  - Opportunities for prevention in the practice of psychiatry.
AB  - There are opportunities for prevention in the practice of general psychiatry that
      are often overlooked by the psychiatrist. The author discusses three groups that
      lend themselves to preventive efforts--the hospitalized mentally ill parent,
      children of depressed parents, and children of divorce. He also enumerates
      aspects of intervention that may result in opportunities for prevention. The
      application of research findings to individual situations may often result in
      change and improve the practice of psychiatry.

PMID- 6837773
TI  - Factors associated with a successful insanity plea.
AB  - The authors present data on all insanity pleas (N = 202) in Erie County, New
      York, between 1970 and 1980. No demographic, criminal history, current offense,
      or history of mental hospitalization factor was associated with acquittal. Of the
      variables studied, only the recommendation of the forensic examiner was
      associated with the court's decision to acquit by reason of insanity. When an
      insanity acquittal was recommended in the examination report, conviction ensued
      in only 17% of the cases. The proportion of pleas that were successful varied
      considerably over the 10 years studied. The authors discuss the critical need for
      more research on the plea stage of insanity defense proceedings.

PMID- 6837774
TI  - Transference interpretations in focal therapy.
AB  - There are three contradictory positions regarding the usefulness of transference
      interpretations in focal therapy: they are 1) indispensable, 2) to be avoided, or
      3) not important compared with nonspecific therapeutic factors. After a review of
      the rationale and the uncompelling research supporting each position, the authors
      suggest tentative indications for transference interpretation in focal therapy
      and illustrate these with two cases.

PMID- 6837775
TI  - Teaching value clarification: the example of gender and psychotherapy.
AB  - The authors describe an effective model for teaching and evaluating a one
      semester course on gender and psychotherapy for psychiatry residents.
      Clarification of values and attitudes about gender involves learning at both
      intellectual and affective levels. The authors conceptualize this cognitive
      affective interplay as a series of stages or turning points in the process of
      value change and professional resocialization. The process may also be viewed as
      a microcosm of the inevitable gender-based conflicts that occur in the daily
      lives of the participants and in the wider social context. The course evaluation
      demonstrates that residents are able to translate the new knowledge into clinical
      practices.

PMID- 6837776
TI  - Clinical profiles of Hare Krishna devotees.
AB  - The author tested the entire population (N = 42) of the Hare Krishna Temple in
      Melbourne on the MMPI, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Eysenck
      Personality Questionnaire psychometric indices and then randomly selected 6
      subjects to take the Present State Examination. All scores and findings were
      within the normal range, although members showed a slight decline in mental
      health (as measured on the MMPI) after 1 1/2 years in the movement and a slight
      increase in mental health after 3 years in the movement. These findings do not
      support the popular view that many members of the Hare Krishna movement are
      mentally disordered.

PMID- 6837777
TI  - Factitious mourning: painless patienthood.
AB  - Of 20 patients who falsely reported the deaths of loved ones in order to assume
      the patient role, most presented with depression and suicidal ideation secondary
      to reported multiple dramatic deaths for which there was no available
      verification, and many had histories of factitious physical symptoms,
      manipulative suicide attempts, substance abuse, and sociopathy. Diagnostic
      categories were of limited usefulness for these patients. Factitious symptoms can
      better be understood as one form of dysfunctional care-eliciting behavior. The
      authors recommend early and repeated confrontations in a firm but nonjudgmental
      manner combined with referral to outpatient psychotherapy focused on the
      underlying characterological problems.

PMID- 6837778
TI  - Critique of the Danish-American studies of the biological and adoptive relatives
      of adoptees who became schizophrenic.
AB  - The authors present various reasons why their analysis of the data provided by
      the Danish-American studies of the relatives of adoptees who became schizophrenic
      demonstrates that the data do not support the investigators' claims that their
      studies provide conclusive evidence of a significant genetic factor in the
      etiology of schizophrenia. When taken together with the authors' earlier
      demonstration that the investigators' more direct study of the adopted-away
      offspring of schizophrenic parents failed to provide statistically significant
      evidence of a genetic influence, these adoption studies indicate that although
      genetic factors may play some role in the etiology of chronic schizophrenic
      disorders, such findings are far from definite or proven.

PMID- 6837779
TI  - Definitions of mania: concordance and prediction of outcome.
AB  - The authors compare several definitions of mania in three series of patients. All
      the definitions were successful in selecting patients with a favorable outcome,
      but there were large differences in the number of patients diagnosed, ranging
      from 17 to 55. The Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) distinction between mania
      and schizoaffective mania proved useful in that the schizoaffective patients
      continued to show schizophrenic and paranoid symptoms, had more manic episodes,
      and had a poorer social outcome. The DSM-III tripartite division into
      nonpsychotic mania and two subgroups of psychotic mania did not appear to have a
      clear advantage over the RDC dichotomy in the prediction of outcome.

PMID- 6837781
TI  - Teaching residents the administrative aspects of psychiatric practice.
AB  - As the trend toward the organization and bureaucratization of professional
      practice increases, psychiatrists will require a better understanding of the
      administrative aspects of their practice. However, a survey of the American
      Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training indicated that less
      than one-third of residency programs currently require core training in this
      area. The author presents a curricular blueprint that specifies learning
      objectives and a series of graduated training experiences over the course of
      residency in which essential teaching about the administrative aspects of
      psychiatric practice can be provided.

PMID- 6837780
TI  - Alcoholic men with no alcoholic first-degree relatives.
AB  - The author ascertained the family history of alcoholism in first-degree relatives
      and extended family members from interviews with 161 men with primary alcoholism
      consecutively admitted to an inpatient treatment program, as well as from one or
      two resource persons for each patient. Although 56% (N = 90) of the patients
      reported no history of alcoholism in first-degree relatives, this decreased to
      41% (N = 66) when data from resource persons were added. An additional 10% (N =
      16) had evidence of an alcoholic second-degree family member. Men with alcoholic
      relatives had more early social problems and more severe alcohol-related
      pathology. The author explores the implications of these findings.

PMID- 6837782
TI  - Phencyclidine in umbilical cord blood: some cautions.

PMID- 6837783
TI  - Phencyclidine in umbilical cord blood: preliminary data.
AB  - The epidemic abuse of phencyclidine (PCP) has become a major psychiatric issue
      within the past decade. With the assistance of highly sensitive capillary gas
      chromatographic-nitrogen detector measurements, PCP's true pervasiveness is only
      now being appreciated. To further quantitate the severity of the problem, the
      authors analyzed samples of umbilical cord blood from 200 patients on the
      obstetrics service of a major university medical center. Preliminary results
      revealed that 24 (12%) of the samples were positive for PCP (.10-5.80 ng/ml). The
      authors discuss the significance of this finding with regard to psychiatry,
      obstetrics, pediatrics, and juvenile law.

PMID- 6837785
TI  - Suicide in a psychiatric emergency room population.
AB  - Twenty-two suicides were identified in a series of 5,284 psychiatric emergency
      room patients, yielding a suicide rate of 111.1 per 100,000 "patient-years at
      risk"--more than seven times the age- and sex-adjusted rate for the general
      population. Subpopulations at high risk were white people, men, depressed and
      schizophrenic patients, substance abusers, and patients with multiple emergency
      room visits. No patients had killed themselves immediately after an emergency
      room visit, but several had killed themselves without following through on a
      referral from the emergency room to another facility for treatment. The authors
      discuss the implications of these findings for emergency room practice and for
      further research.

PMID- 6837784
TI  - Ventricular enlargement in child psychiatric patients: a controlled study with
      planimetric measurements.
AB  - Data from adult schizophrenic patients suggest that patients with enlarged
      ventricles have a poorer premorbid history and may have an earlier onset of their
      illness than patients with ventricles of normal size. The authors examined a
      group of child psychiatric patients to discover whether these children at risk
      for major psychopathology had enlarged ventricles. Twenty psychiatric patients
      showed significantly enlarged ventricles compared with 19 control patients. There
      were no clear relationships between the children's psychiatric diagnosis and
      ventricular size.

PMID- 6837787
TI  - Dimensions of delusional experience.
AB  - The authors describe a scale designed to measure five dimensions of delusional
      experience: conviction, extension, bizarreness, disorganization, and pressure.
      Reliability was adequate to excellent on four of the dimensions, but only fair on
      the dimension of bizarreness. In 52 delusional patients, no two dimensions
      correlated highly with each other, indicating that the dimensions were not
      redundant. Factor analysis identified two factors from the five dimensions-
      delusional involvement and delusional construct. On the basis of these results
      the authors suggest that delusions are a multidimensional phenomenon; the results
      have implications for the measurement of delusions in clinical research and for
      the understanding of the structure of psychotic experience.

PMID- 6837788
TI  - The role of social support in the functioning of patients with unipolar
      depression.
AB  - The authors studied 44 outpatients with unipolar depression to determine the
      association among social support systems, life events, social adjustment, and
      depressive symptoms. Social support had a reasonably high correlation with
      outcome measures. Patients with high social support had significantly better
      scores than those with low social support on the Hamilton Rating Scale for
      Depression and the Social Adjustment Rating Scale Self-Report. These data
      corroborate the hypothesis that social support systems play a critical role in
      the ongoing functioning of a defined group of depressed patients.

PMID- 6837790
TI  - Predicting AWOL discharge at a community mental health center: a "split-half"
      validation.

PMID- 6837789
TI  - Effects of diet on urinary excretion of MHPG in normal preadolescent boys.
AB  - The authors examined the effect of diets with low and high monoamine content on
      the 24-hour urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and
      creatinine in eight healthy preadolescent boys. The subjects were admitted to a
      clinical research center and were placed on a diet low in monoamines--the
      vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)-exclusion diet--for 5 consecutive days. They were
      switched on the 6th day to a diet rich in monoamines, and urine specimens were
      collected for 4 more consecutive days. There were no differences in MHPG or
      creatinine excretion between the urine taken on the low and high monoamine diet
      days.

PMID- 6837786
TI  - Bilateral versus unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: efficacy in melancholia.
AB  - The authors compared the therapeutic efficacy of bilateral and unilateral
      electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 51 patients with endogenous depression who
      were randomly assigned to bilateral (N = 24) or unilateral (N = 27) ECT. Seizures
      were monitored by oscilloscope. After 6 treatments blind assessment on a modified
      Hamilton depression scale showed an 81.1% improvement in the bilateral group
      compared with a 55.5% improvement in the unilateral group. Additional treatments
      were prescribed ad libitum by a hospital psychiatrist who was unaware of each
      patient's electrode placement. The unilateral group received more total
      treatments and were more frequently switched to bilateral ECT. These results were
      independent of age, severity of illness, or sedative drug administration.

PMID- 6837792
TI  - Low urinary MHPG preceding relapse in a unipolar depressed woman: a case report.

PMID- 6837791
TI  - Pseudohallucinations in cancer chemotherapy patients.

PMID- 6837794
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in depressed outpatients with and without
      melancholia.

PMID- 6837793
TI  - Withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment with therapeutic doses of
      flurazepam: a case report.
AB  - A male patient with chronic insomnia experienced withdrawal symptoms when
      flurazepam (30 mg h.s.), which he had taken nightly for 8 years, was abruptly
      discontinued. Problems associated with sedative-hypnotic medication and the long
      term treatment of chronic insomnia are discussed.

PMID- 6837795
TI  - Dyskinesia associated with amoxapine antidepressant therapy: a case report.

PMID- 6837796
TI  - The relationship between severity of depression, cognitive dysfunction, and age
      in medical inpatients.

PMID- 6837797
TI  - Treatment of flashbacks by imipramine.

PMID- 6837798
TI  - Seizures associated with maprotiline.

PMID- 6837800
TI  - Edentulousness and oral dyskinesia.

PMID- 6837799
TI  - Anorgasmia caused by MAOIs.

PMID- 6837801
TI  - Cautions regarding amytal interviews.

PMID- 6837802
TI  - Thyroid hormones in manic-depressive disorders.

PMID- 6837803
TI  - Cross-reaction to maprotiline.

PMID- 6837804
TI  - Length of hospitalization and public policy.

PMID- 6837805
TI  - Psychotropic-induced sexual inhibition.

PMID- 6837806
TI  - Auditory hallucinations.

PMID- 6837808
TI  - Violence among inpatients.

PMID- 6837807
TI  - Response to letter on lead levels article.

PMID- 6837809
TI  - Dextro-amphetamine and schizophrenia.

PMID- 6837810
TI  - Cancer in North American Indians: environment versus heredity.

PMID- 6837811
TI  - Alcohol and brain damage: cause or association?

PMID- 6837812
TI  - Measles and rubella: our remaining responsibilities.

PMID- 6837814
TI  - Cancer surveillance in a remote Indian population in northwestern Ontario.
AB  - The incidence and mortality rates of malignant neoplasms in an isolated Indian
      population in northwestern Ontario, Canada during the period 1972-81 were
      determined and age-adjusted comparisons with the Canadian national population
      computed. Indian men were at half the risk of developing and dying from cancer
      compared to Canadian men, while among women the risks were similar. The most
      outstanding feature was the high mortality and incidence rates of kidney cancer
      in both sexes (relative risks for mortality and incidence 7 to 13 times that for
      Canadians). Gallbladder cancer was of importance in females, similar to
      observations in other Amerindian groups. Low-risk sites among Indians included:
      lung in men, breast in women, and skin in both sexes. Other sites such as colon
      and prostate were common in both populations. Establishing baseline incidence and
      mortality data and continuing surveillance over a period of time in a well
      defined, geographically isolated Native population undergoing rapid social change
      is of interest both epidemiologically and from the health service perspective.
      Further studies may elucidate risk factors, of which diet appears most
      responsible for the peculiar pattern observed.

PMID- 6837813
TI  - The rural dental health program: the effect of a school-based, dental health
      education program on children's utilization of dental services.
AB  - Eighteen-hundred rural children ages five through thirteen were randomly assigned
      for dental treatment to a school-based practice, and to private practitioners in
      the community. Simultaneously, five of the nine public schools attended by the
      children offered an enriched program of dental education while the remaining
      schools taught the regular health education courses. All children participated in
      a school based fluoride program and their dental treatment was provided without
      charge. Data indicating how the children utilized dental services were collected
      over the three-year treatment phase of the study. Evidence from the third
      treatment year indicates that children assigned to the school based practice who
      also attended a school offering enriched dental health education used dental
      services on a more regular basis than children in the other three groups.
      Evidence obtained from log-linear modeling supports the hypothesis that dental
      health education had a positive effect on children's utilization of dental
      service.

PMID- 6837817
TI  - Household size and the cost of nutritionally equivalent diets.
AB  - Economy of scale factors were developed in 1975 and have since been utilized as
      household size adjustment factors in estimating household costs of US Department
      of Agriculture (USDA) food plans. As such, these adjustment factors have a direct
      impact on the Food Stamp Program coupon allotments. In the present study, the
      stability of these factors over time was assessed, and the impact of diet quality
      measures in determining the adjustment factors was investigated. The reported
      household scale factors, estimated using regression analyses and the Nationwide
      Food Consumption Survey, Survey of Food Consumption in Low-Income Households,
      1977-78, varied somewhat from former estimates and were found to be highly
      dependent on the diet quality measures incorporated in the analysis.
      Incorporation of several diet quality variables as well as partition specific
      means are recommended for determining household size adjustment factors to be
      used in estimating household costs of USDA food plans.

PMID- 6837815
TI  - Alcohol use and cognitive loss among employed men and women.
AB  - A representative sample of 1,367 employed men and women in Detroit responded to
      questions about their drinking practices and then completed a cognitive test
      which measures abstraction abilities. Abstraction, tested while respondents were
      sober, decreased significantly as reported quantity of alcohol usually consumed
      per drinking occasion increased. (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:521-526.)

PMID- 6837816
TI  - Risk of pregnancy among adolescent schoolgirls participating in a measles mass
      immunization program.
AB  - A large measles vaccination program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico public schools
      in 1981, conducted according to US Public Health Service guidelines, was studied
      to determine rates of pregnancy among adolescent vaccinees. Pre-vaccination
      counseling of 1,922 clinic attendees prevented seven pregnant girls from being
      vaccinated. Despite counseling, of 1,913 female vaccinees age 13-18 years old,
      two were pregnant at the time of vaccination (1.05 pregnancies per 1,000
      vaccinees) and an additional four girls became pregnant in the three months after
      vaccination (2.1 pregnancies per 1,000 vaccinees). Data supporting low or absent
      fetal risks from measles and rubella vaccine, combined with the low pregnancy
      rate among vaccinees documented in this study, support the reasonableness of the
      recommended strategy for measles and rubella vaccination of secondary
      schoolgirls.

PMID- 6837818
TI  - Health promotion programs sponsored by California employers.
AB  - A survey of California employers with more than 100 employees at one or more
      sites was undertaken to determine: 1) the nature and extent of health promotion
      activities; 2) plans for continuation and/or expansion of these activities; 3)
      plans for initiation of new activities; and 4) the relationship between reported
      health promotion activities and other characteristics of employers. Of 511
      employers with whom interviews were attempted, 49 possible respondents could not
      be reached and 38 respondents refused to be interviewed, leaving 424 or 83 per
      cent. Almost one-half of the sites where interviews were conducted had fewer than
      200 employees. A total of 332 (78.3 per cent) of employers offered one or more
      health promotion activities. The most frequent activities provided were accident
      prevention (64.9 per cent) and CPR (52.8 per cent) with other frequent programs
      including alcohol/drug abuse (18.6 per cent), mental health counseling (18.4 per
      cent), stress management (13.0 per cent), fitness (11.6 per cent), hypertension
      screening (10.1 per cent), and smoking cessation (8.3 per cent). Employers with
      at least one activity averaged 2.8 activities. The likelihood of having health
      promotion activities increased with company size. Establishment of new programs
      appeared to accelerate rapidly in recent years.

PMID- 6837820
TI  - The physician visit patterns of chiropractic users: health-seeking behavior of
      the elderly in Manitoba, Canada.
AB  - To assess the effect of chiropractic use on overall health care utilization
      patterns, the volume and pattern of ambulatory physician visits by elderly
      persons having contact with chiropractors are compared with those having contact
      with physicians only. This analysis is based on data representative of the
      Canadian Province of Manitoba's entire elderly population; they are drawn from
      interviews and from claims filed routinely as part of Manitoba's universally
      insured health care services. The results show that chiropractic services do not
      substitute for physician services among the elderly in a province which fully
      insures medical services and a limited number of chiropractic visits. The data
      suggest that, under these conditions, some elderly chiropractic users consume
      more physician services than other elderly of equal health status, in addition to
      visiting chiropractors.

PMID- 6837819
TI  - Problem drinking and the dimension of involvement with drugs: a Guttman scalogram
      analysis of adolescent drug use.
AB  - Analyses of data from two nationwide surveys of high school students, one carried
      out in 1974 and the other in 1978, suggest that problem drinking may be seen as
      yet another step along an underlying dimension of involvement with both licit and
      illicit drugs. The dimension of involvement with drugs consists of the following
      levels: nonuse of alcohol or illicit drugs; nonproblem use of alcohol; marijuana
      use; problem drinking; use of pills (amphetamines, barbiturates, hallucinogenic
      drugs); and the use of "hard drugs" such as cocaine or heroin. The dimension
      possesses excellent Guttman-scale properties in both national samples as well as
      in subsamples differing in gender and ethnic background. The ordering of the
      levels of involvement was confirmed by the ordering of the alcohol-drug
      involvement groups based on their mean scores on measures of psychosocial
      proneness for involvement in problem behavior. The excessive use of a licit drug,
      i.e., problem drinking, appears to indicate greater involvement in drug use than
      does the use of an illicit drug, marijuana. This finding points to the importance
      of distinguishing between use and problem use of drugs in efforts to understand
      adolescent drug involvement.

PMID- 6837821
TI  - Smoking and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.
AB  - We carried out a case-control study of 217 cases of in situ carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix and 243 controls chosen from the general population of Utah. We
      found a relative risk of 3.0 for cigarette smoking after controlling for sexual
      and socioeconomic risk factors. The smoking association was strongest in the
      youngest age group (ages 20-29), reaching seventeenfold, and was weaker in the
      older age groups. These data suggest that cigarette smoking may be an independent
      risk factor for cancer of the uterine cervix, after considering sexual behavior
      and other well-established risk factors.

PMID- 6837823
TI  - Effectiveness of public health nurse home visits to primarous mothers and their
      infants.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of public health nurse
      postpartum home visits by comparing the health outcomes of 67 randomly selected
      mother-infant pairs who had received such services with 43 randomly selected
      mother-infant pairs who had not received them. Health outcome variables were
      mother's health and health services utilization, infant's health and health
      services utilization, and mother's parenting practices. Data were collected from
      birth certificates, health service records, and by home interviews and
      observations at six months postpartum. No significant differences were noted
      between home-visited and not-home-visited mother-infant pairs for the majority of
      health outcome variables. Major, differential health assets and liabilities
      between groups of Black and White mother-infant pairs were observed.

PMID- 6837824
TI  - Apartheid and the causes of death: disentangling ideology and laws from class and
      race.

PMID- 6837822
TI  - Is health care use equivalent across social groups? A diagnosis-based study.
AB  - Previous studies of medical care utilization have controlled for medical need by
      signs or symptoms or broad disease classifications. The present study uses both
      symptoms and discrete diagnoses to control for medical need in order to determine
      if the use of ambulatory and hospital care differs by race, income, education,
      insurance coverage, or region. Using data from the 1976 National Health Interview
      Survey, we found that there were no consistent differences in the number of
      physician visits made in a year by these characteristics, medical need held
      constant. Lack of insurance coverage was associated with fewer hospitalizations
      in a year for five of nine chronic diseases under review. Race was associated
      with fewer hospitalizations for two conditions prevalent among minorities. These
      effects were not evident when medical need was controlled solely by signs or
      symptoms.

PMID- 6837826
TI  - Passenger car size and driver seat belt use.
AB  - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) claims, on the basis
      of survey results, that seat belt use in small cars is twice as high as in large
      cars. The agency interprets this as being due in part to perceptions of higher
      risk by small car occupants. In fact, little is known about the factors
      motivating belt use, including whether risk perception is important. A reanalysis
      of the NHTSA data indicates that most of the differences in belt use by car size
      can be explained by higher use in imported cars, and by geographical differences
      in belt use in domestic cars.

PMID- 6837825
TI  - Public money, private control: a case study of hospital financing in Oakland and
      Berkeley, California.
AB  - Government support of public and private hospitals in Oakland and Berkeley,
      California was investigated. The private hospitals received government subsidies
      amounting to at least 60 per cent of their total revenues. The dollar amount of
      the subsidies to private hospitals was four and one-half times greater than
      government expenditures on the public hospital. In Oakland and Berkeley, as in
      many cities, public medical services have been reduced while both government
      health expenditures and private hospital revenues have increased sharply. The
      private hospitals, although all nominally non-profit, exhibit revenue maximizing
      behavior which results in socially unjust and medically irrational resource
      allocation. Funds might be found for public hospitals and clinics, and resources
      allocated more justly and rationally, if government expenditures in the private
      sector were brought under greater public scrutiny and control.

PMID- 6837827
TI  - Delay, stage of disease, and survival among White and Black women with breast
      cancer.
AB  - Delay in obtaining treatment, stage of disease at diagnosis, and five-year
      survival were compared for 29 Black and 156 White females treated for breast
      cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1957 and 1965. No statistically
      significant differences were found between Black and White patients in treatment
      delay although a tendency for longer delay among Blacks was noted. Race had
      little effect on survival when delay, stage of disease, and age were controlled.

PMID- 6837828
TI  - Third-trimester induced abortion in Georgia, 1979 and 1980.
AB  - We reviewed 86 third-trimester induced abortions reported to the Georgia
      Department of Human Resources in 1979 and 1980. Only three of the 78 with
      adequate data were classified correctly. Fetal deaths in utero accounted for 67.4
      per cent of reported cases and first- or second-trimester abortions 18.6 per
      cent. The true rate of induced abortions performed in the third trimester was 4.3
      per 100,000 legal abortions. Diagnosed anencephaly accounted for two out of the
      three valid third-trimester induced abortions performed.

PMID- 6837829
TI  - Prevalence of perimenstrual symptoms and response bias.

PMID- 6837830
TI  - Breastfeeding among Hispanics.

PMID- 6837831
TI  - Investigations of health effects in populations living near nuclear
      installations.

PMID- 6837832
TI  - A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphologic features of Castleman's
      disease. Pathological findings in 15 patients.
AB  - This report describes the nodal and extranodal lesions observed in 15 patients
      with a generalized disorder that had been histologically diagnosed as Castleman's
      disease. The disorder was characterized by severe constitutional symptoms,
      constant involvement of multiple peripheral lymph nodes, and frequent
      hepatosplenomegaly, in association with clinical and laboratory features
      reminiscent of a "collagen disease." The clinical course was chronic, with
      remissions and exacerbations in seven patients, and aggressive and fatal in
      eight. The material examined included multiple lymph node biopsies, four surgical
      specimens of spleen, one open lung biopsy, and material from four autopsies. The
      diagnostic morphological findings were observed in the nodes and were represented
      by the following histologic triad: diffuse marked plasmacytosis, from the medulla
      to the subcapsular areas; prominence of the germinal centers; and good
      preservation of the architecture. One variant of this basic pattern featured
      abundant immunoblasts and blood vessels. The process appears to be a systemic
      reactive proliferation of B-lymphocytes, perhaps resulting from faulty immune
      regulation. Morphologic similarities indicate a relationship between this
      multicentric disorder and Castleman's disease of plasmacellular type. However,
      there are distinct differences between them in clinical presentation and
      evolution, and, consequently, in therapeutic approach.

PMID- 6837833
TI  - A distinctive ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor causing sexual precocity in the
      Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
AB  - Two distinctive ovarian tumors that caused sexual precocity in young girls with
      the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are described. Each of the tumors varied in its
      histologic pattern, with diffuse areas, foci of tubular differentiation,
      microcysts and papillae, and contained two unusual cell types. The light
      microscopic and ultrastructural findings were consistent with a hitherto
      undescribed form of sex cord-stromal tumor. The unique microscopic appearance of
      this tumor and its association with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in both cases
      suggest that it is a third type of gynecological neoplasm related to that
      disorder.

PMID- 6837834
TI  - Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations of the hands and feet.
AB  - We report 35 cases of peripheral skeletal osteochondromatous tumefactions which
      are both histologically and radiologically distinctive. The ages of the patients
      ranged from 14 to 74 years, with no sex predilection. Symptoms were related to
      the tumefaction. None of the patients had antecedent physical trauma or
      radiation. All lesions occurred on proximal phalanges, metatarsals, or
      metacarpals. Primary treatment was usually excision, and the gross appearance was
      typically that of a small osteochondroma. Histologically, the lesion exhibited
      marked proliferative activity, irregular bony-cartilaginous interfaces, and
      enlarged, bizarre, and binucleate chondrocytes, mimicking chondrosarcoma.
      Radiologically, the proliferations lacked both central continuity of the tumor
      with the underlying osseous medulla and "flaring" of the adjacent cortices. In 18
      cases, the lesions recurred after primary excision, and at least eight lesions
      recurred twice. In spite of the rate of recurrence and the disturbing histologic
      appearance of these proliferations, behavior as a malignant tumor is either very
      rare or nonexistent.

PMID- 6837835
TI  - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 36 cases.
AB  - Thirty-six cases of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma form the basis for this
      retrospective clinicopathologic study. This group comprised 24 females (67%) and
      12 males (33%), whose ages ranged from 12 to 94 years (median, 60 years.). The
      clinical presentation, invariably nonspecific, consisted of pain or weight loss,
      typically associated with a palpable abdominal mass. Of the 30 patients with
      follow-up data, 23 (77%) died of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. Grossly, the
      bulky often multinodular tumors, which ranged from 7.5 to 35 cm in maximal
      dimension (median, 12.8 cm), varied from firm to soft. In addition to the
      classical microscopic picture of leiomyosarcoma as manifested by interlacing
      fascicles of slender eosinophilic cells, other less frequently encountered,
      morphologic variations of malignant smooth-muscle tumors were also observed.
      Although absolute minimal criteria for a malignant tumor diagnosis could not be
      established, the findings suggest that a retroperitoneal smooth-muscle tumor that
      measures at least 7.5 cm in greatest dimension and that has as few as 1
      mitosis/10 HPF is capable of metastasis.

PMID- 6837836
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament. A case report and literature review with
      follow-up.
AB  - A case of leiomyosarcoma arising in a preexisting leiomyoma of the broad ligament
      is presented with ultrastructural and Feulgen microspectrophotometric
      confirmation. This is the fourth reported case of leiomyosarcoma of the broad
      ligament and the second reported case to show evidence of a preexisting
      leiomyoma. Three of these patients died after intervals of 1, 7, and 19 months;
      one is alive and well with no evidence of disease after 12 years. The definitive
      evidence of malignant transformation of a leiomyoma has particular relevance to
      the controversy regarding the relationship of uterine leiomyosarcomas and
      leiomyomas.

PMID- 6837837
TI  - Benign glandular inclusions in lymph nodes, endosalpingiosis, and salpingitis
      isthmica nodosa in a young girl with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl underwent radical surgery for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the
      endocervix. Bilaterally dilated fallopian tubes with hyperplastic mucosal folds
      and salpingitis isthmica nodosa were found in association with benign glandular
      inclusions in a para-aortic lymph node and in the serosa of pelvic organs.
      Changes in the mullerian-derived epithelium appear to be a common denominator of
      these unusual lesions in this young girl. A primary growth disturbance of the
      cells of the mullerian system, which was conditioned during embryonic development
      and manifested itself later in life in response to appropriate stimuli associated
      with menarche, is postulated as the underlying abnormality.

PMID- 6837838
TI  - Appraisals of compounds of diverse chemical classes for capacities to cure
      infections with sporozoites of Plasmodium cynomolgi.
AB  - Compounds (265) of widely diverse structures were appraised for radical curative
      activity in rhesus monkeys infected with sporozoites of the B strain of
      Plasmodium cynomolgi, using an evaluation system that provided a preliminary
      assessment with from 0.1-1.0 g of compound and tests against one to five active
      infections. None of 32 compounds in a miscellaneous structure category, none of
      seven agents of antibiotic origin, none of 12 1,5-naphthyridines, and none of
      seven 7-aminoquinolines exhibited curative activity at the largest test doses.
      There was a suggestion that one of 12 newly synthesized pyrocatechols was
      curative. Two of 20 6-aminoquinolines effected cure at or near maximum tolerated
      doses. In contrast, 90 of 174 newly synthesized 8-aminoquinolines effected cure;
      18 of the 90 being as active as primaquine, eight twice as active, and six four
      times as active. There were major disagreements between the above results and
      those recorded by others in mice inoculated with sporozoites of P. berghei yoelii
      or P. yoelii nigeriensis. These discrepancies were of serious dimensions in
      evaluations of the 8-aminoquinolines. This, plus previous near flawless
      performances of P. cynomolgi in identifying agents that would cure naturally
      acquired P. vivax infections, led to the suggestion that the abbreviated simian
      model employed in these studies be used hereafter in primary screening of new
      agents for radical curative activity.

PMID- 6837839
TI  - Late metastatic Leishmaniasis in the mouse. A model for mucocutaneous disease.
AB  - BALB/c, C57B1/6 and (BALB/c x C57B1/6)F1 mice all proved susceptible to infection
      by a strain of Leishmania isolated from a Central Brazilian with espundia. The
      course of disease differed markedly between BALB/c and C57B1/6 mice. BALB/c mice
      suffered from a rapidly progressive and widely metastatic, but non-ulcerative,
      disease resembling diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. In contrast, C57B1/6 mice
      initially contained parasite multiplication effectively and appeared clinically
      cured. However, the parasite could persistently be cultured up to about 1 year
      post-infection. At that time, the parasite load in the infected footpad increased
      and a patent disease developed characterized by distinctive ulcerative metastases
      with destruction of soft-tissue in the nasal region similar to the one observed
      in espundia. Development of disease in both strains of mice was associated with
      depression of cell-mediated immunity as monitored by delayed-type
      hypersensitivity in vivo and lymphocyte transformation in vitro. Thus, our study
      suggests that diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and espundia can be caused by the
      same strain of parasite, and that the particular clinical expression in the
      individual mouse is determined by the host response.

PMID- 6837840
TI  - Comparison of microscopy and culture in the detection of Leishmania donovani from
      splenic aspirates.
AB  - Three culture media were compared with Giemsa-stained smears for the detection of
      Leishmania in splenic aspirates from Kenyan patients with visceral leishmaniasis.
      Ninety-nine splenic aspirates obtained from 26 patients at various times before,
      during, and after treatment were cultured in Schneider's Drosophila medium and
      RPMI medium 1640 (each supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum) and McConnell's
      modification of Senekje's medium overlayed with 0.9% saline. From 13 splenic
      aspirates obtained before treatment, amastigotes were identified microscopically
      in all and promastigotes were cultured in 12. During and after treatment,
      Schneider's medium was the most sensitive method for detecting parasites,
      followed by microscopic examination of stained smears which was more sensitive
      than either of the other two media tested. Results indicate that, for initial
      diagnosis, both culture and direct microscopy of aspirates should be employed.

PMID- 6837841
TI  - Thermosensitivity patterns of Old vs. New World cutaneous strains of Leishmania
      growing within mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
AB  - Infection of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was used to examine the effect
      of elevated temperature on the intracellular replication of various strains of
      Leishmania. Of eight cutaneous strains examined, all grew optimally at 35 degrees
      C. At 37 degrees C the reduction in growth was most pronounced for the New World
      cutaneous strains, and at 39 degrees C three of four New World cutaneous strains
      were completely destroyed whereas all of the L. tropica strains survived and
      exhibited at least 100% growth after 3 days. The results of these in vitro
      studies correlate closely with the outcome of heat therapy on two patients with
      cutaneous disease, suggesting that, in general, cutaneous lesions due to L.
      tropica strains might be less responsive to heat therapy than lesions due to L.
      mexicana and related strains.

PMID- 6837842
TI  - Immune responses during human Schistosomiasis mansoni. VIII. Differential in
      vitro cellular responsiveness to adult worm and schistosomular tegumental
      preparations.
AB  - The proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients
      with Schistosoma mansoni infections were studied in response to heterogeneous
      schistosomal antigenic preparations derived from whole adult worms, cercariae or
      schistosomula, and soluble tegumental preparations from adult worms or
      schistosomula. The use of these preparations was standardized with a Brazilian
      patient population, and comparisons were made between previously used and newly,
      variously prepared antigenic preparations. Responses of cells from these
      intestinal/ambulatory patients were generally strong to whole adult worm antigens
      and low to moderate to whole cercarial or schistosomular materials. Although most
      patients responded well to whole worm extracts, they were not stimulated by the
      soluble adult tegumental preparation. In contrast, the responses to the soluble
      schistosomular tegumental material were vigorous. These responses were usually
      much higher than to whole schistosomula-derived materials. Thus it appears, using
      these particular preparations, that human schistosomal patient lymphocytes
      recognize and are stimulated by schistosomular tegumental antigens but they do
      not demonstrate good reactivity when exposed to an adult worm tegumental
      preparation.

PMID- 6837844
TI  - A method of introducing lipid-conjugated antigens into the surface of
      schistosomula.
AB  - Introduction of synthetic antigens into the surface of schistosomula of
      Schistosoma mansoni was achieved by brief incubation of the worms with liposomes
      carrying the lipid-bound antigens in their bilayers. Three-hour-old schistosomula
      were surface-labeled with lipid-conjugated dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups by using
      liposomes made of egg lecithin-N-dinitrophenil-epsilon-aminocaproyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine (5:1). The DNP groups incorporated in this way could be
      detected for more than 21 hours in vitro by using rabbit anti-DNP antibodies
      stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy showed the lipid antigen to be uniformly
      distributed over the entire surface of the worms. Electron microscope studies,
      performed with purified rabbit anti-DNP antibodies followed by ferritin
      conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, showed that the DNP groups were evenly and
      densely distributed over the entire outer membrane of the schistosomula,
      including spines. The distance between the ferritin molecules and the parasite's
      surface was 24 +/- 5 nm, indicating that the lipid antigen had been incorporated
      into the outer membrane of the schistosomula.

PMID- 6837843
TI  - Tegumental expression in larval and adult stages of a major schistosome
      structural glycoprotein.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody has been used to identify and characterize an antigenic
      tegumental surface membrane glycoprotein of Schistosoma mansoni. Direct binding
      of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody showed that this glycoprotein was present in
      eggs, cercariae, and worms of both sexes. The glycoprotein had an apparent
      molecular weight of 180,000. Indirect and direct immunofluorescent microscopy
      showed that this antigen was located on the interlinked tegumental folds of both
      larval and adult parasites. These findings are discussed in relation to parasite
      development and the mechanism by which schistosomes evade the host's immune
      defenses.

PMID- 6837845
TI  - Vaccination against bovine schistosomiasis japonica with highly X-irradiated
      schistosomula.
AB  - Cercariae of the Chinese mainland strain of Schistosoma japonicum were used.
      Eighteen cattle, divided into six groups of three each, were immunized with
      schistosomula transformed from cercariae exposed to three different doses of X
      irradiation (24, 36, and 48 kR). The immunization was given either once, twice,
      or thrice, and the number of immunizing schistosomula was 10,000 or more in each
      immunization. The immunized cattle were challenged with 500 normal cercariae.
      Five native cattle were similarly infected with normal cercariae as controls. All
      cattle were killed 32-33 days after challenge or infection, and the worms were
      obtained by perfusion. The mean worm reduction in the 18 experimental animals
      varied from 42.1 to 96.0%. The mean percent worm reduction of the six
      experimental groups varied from 54.8 to 87.1. The reduction was greater with
      increasing numbers of immunizations, and was higher in the groups immunized with
      schistosomula exposed to 36 kR than in those exposed to 24 or 48 kR. Statistical
      analyses showed that all immunized groups yielded significantly fewer worms than
      controls. However, the three doses of X-irradiation (24, 36, and 48 kR) had no
      significant effect for a fixed number of immunizations (1, 2, or 3). The means
      for both two and three immunizations were significantly different from the mean
      for one immunization, although they were not significantly different from each
      other.

PMID- 6837848
TI  - An active intermediate host role for man in the life cycle of Echinococcus
      granulosus in Turkana, Kenya.
AB  - Hydatid material removed at operation from 97 Turkana was compared for fertility
      and viability with hydatid material removed from camels, cattle, sheep, and
      goats. The results showed that the human material was extremely fertile and
      viable, as was material from the camels, goats, and sheep. Cattle cysts were
      invariably sterile, and the protoscoleces, when present, were comparatively less
      viable. The high incidence and fertility of hydatid cysts in the Turkana,
      together with the lack of burial customs thus allowing dogs to have ready access
      to infected human corpses, means that the Turkana are potential biological
      participants in the cyclic transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in this
      region. This is a unique situation, for elsewhere in the world man is regarded as
      an accidental host who plays no role in the parasite's life cycle.

PMID- 6837847
TI  - Cutaneous paragonimiasis in man in Honduras.
AB  - A worm found in histopathologic sections of the skin of a 31-year-old man in
      Honduras was identified as Paragonimus sp. The worm was immature, and specific
      identification was not possible. This is the second human case of paragonimiasis
      in Honduras.

PMID- 6837846
TI  - Successful treatment with praziquantel of six patients infected with the African
      lung fluke, Paragonimus uterobilateralis.
AB  - Six cases of human paragonimiasis (Paragonimus uterobilateralis) are documented
      from Liberia and Guinea. These are the first cases reported from these countries.
      Paragonimiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any West
      African patient who presents with hemoptysis. Praziquantel was used successfully
      to treat these patients, and may be the drug of choice for P. uterobilateralis
      infections.

PMID- 6837849
TI  - Disseminated unicellular green algal infection in two sheep in India.
AB  - Unicellular green algae infected and disseminated in two adult Nellore brown rams
      in India. At necropsy multiple green lesions were observed in the lungs, liver
      and kidneys of both sheep. Histological examination revealed necrotizing
      granulomas that contained numerous spheroidal to elliptical organisms ranging
      from 5-20 micrometers in diameter. These organisms occurred in several
      reproductive stages: small (5-9 micrometers) single, undifferentiated cells;
      intermediate (9-15 micrometers) cells undergoing nuclear and cytoplasmic
      cleavage; and large, mature, endosporulating cells containing two to six or more
      endospores. In addition, occasional large (20-35 micrometers), round thick-walled
      forms were among the typical cells. The cytoplasm of the algal cells contained
      numerous, large, irregularly-shaped and densely packed granules of varying sizes,
      which were strongly stained by the Gridley fungus, periodic acid-Schiff, and
      Gomori methenamine silver procedures. Electron microscopic studies revealed
      chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of these organisms. The chloroplasts consisted of
      smoothly contoured electron-lucent or electron-dense granules, 0.5 to 3.0
      micrometers in diameter, that were either surrounded by or contiguous to two or
      more tightly appressed membranes or multidisc bands. Some of the alternating
      membranes appeared to be spirally twisted or associated with several cytoplasmic
      granules in one plane of section. This is the first record of algal infections in
      India.

PMID- 6837850
TI  - Subcutaneous mastectomy is not a prophylaxis against carcinoma of the breast:
      opinion or knowledge?

PMID- 6837852
TI  - Overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis in childhood.
AB  - Three hundred ninety-three splenectomies were performed within the Charity
      Hospital system during the decade from 1969 through 1979. This number included 56
      operations in children under 16 years of age, which formed the basis of this
      report of the risk of infection in young splenectomized patients and provided
      guidelines for the role of splenectomy under emergency and elective conditions.
      Eight episodes of serious infection were documented in four patients. There was
      only one case of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection which resulted in death,
      for a mortality rate of 1.8 percent (1 of 56 children) for death due to
      overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. It is emphasized, however, that the
      development of serious postsplenectomy sepsis in our series resulted in a 25
      percent mortality rate. The risk of postsplenectomy sepsis is much greater in
      those individuals who are immunologically compromised, such as those who undergo
      staging splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease. If splenectomy is indicated for a
      hematologic disorder, it is wise to defer operation for as long as possible,
      especially if the acute episodes are self-limiting or mild. Rather than the
      promiscuous use of polyvalent serum and antibiotic therapy after splenectomy in
      children, it is recommended that parents be advised to bring the child to the
      hospital anytime an illness or fever develops that might require an immediate
      loading dose of an appropriate antibiotic. The role of subtotal splenectomy or
      hemisplenectomy merits consideration in staging Hodgkin's disease. Preoperative
      study of certain immunologic parameters may provide guidelines as to the
      proportion of individuals who may be vulnerable to overwhelming sepsis after
      splenectomy.

PMID- 6837851
TI  - Splenic preservation in adults after blunt and penetrating trauma.
AB  - This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility and safety of splenic
      preservation in adults subjected to both blunt and penetrating. In an 18 month
      period there were a total of 36 splenic injuries studied (in 36 patients): 18 due
      to blunt trauma, 11 due to gunshot wounds, and 7 due to stab wounds. A total of
      18 spleens were repaired: 8 (45 percent) in the blunt trauma group, 4 (36
      percent) in the gunshot group, and 6 (85 percent) in the stab wound group. There
      were no deaths in the entire group nor were there any complications associated
      with splenic salvage. Splenic preservation after both blunt and penetrating
      trauma is both safe and feasible in the adult population, except in those
      instances specified herein.

PMID- 6837855
TI  - Protocol for the nonoperative treatment of obstructing intramural duodenal
      hematoma during childhood.
AB  - A prospective plan for the nonoperative treatment of obstructing intramural
      duodenal hematoma was developed to (1) promptly establish the diagnosis and rule
      out transmural leaks by obtaining a contrast roentgenogram on admission and to
      subsequently study evolution of the obstructing intramural duodenal hematoma with
      sequential roentgenograms at 5 to 7 day intervals; (2) identify associated
      pancreatic injury with ultrasonography and serum amylase and lipase
      determinations; and (3) to determine effectiveness of nasogastric suction and
      total parenteral nutrition. Twelve children, who ranged in age from 2 to 15
      years, with obstructing intramural duodenal hematoma following blunt injury were
      admitted over the past 9 years. The two youngest were battered children and two
      others had subsequently diagnosed clotting disorders (idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura and von Willebrand's disease). Significant resolution of the obstruction
      allowed resumption of oral intake by the end of the first week of treatment in
      eight patients, whereas the remaining four required 13, 14, 22, and 38 days of
      nasogastric suction and total parenteral nutrition. Residual deformity seen on
      roentgenograms did not interfere with achieving adequate oral nutrition.
      Excellent results in this series substantiate the conclusion that a management
      plan that assesses the evolution of an obstructing intramural duodenal hematoma
      and provides adequate nutrition is a successful alternative to surgical
      treatment. The presence of underlying hematologic disorders and child abuse must
      be suspected.

PMID- 6837854
TI  - Benign liver tumors in infancy and childhood. Report of 48 cases.
AB  - This is a clinicopathologic study of 48 patients with benign liver tumors seen
      during a 32 year period; 2 adenomas, 3 focal nodular hyperplasias, 14 mesenchymal
      hamartomas, and 29 hemangiomas were reviewed. All patients except those with
      adenomas were younger than 5 years. Thirty-four patients were symptomatic, 24 of
      whom were diagnosed by open liver biopsy, whereas 10 with hemangioma had their
      diagnoses based on clinical and radiologic findings. Death due to tumor occurred
      in four patients with hemangioma. Infants and children with liver hemangioma and
      congestive heart failure should receive steroids, digitalis, diuretics, and
      radiation, alone or in combination. If medical treatment is unsuccessful and the
      hemangioma is localized to one lobe, resection of the tumor can be performed, but
      if the lesion is massive, ligation or embolization of the hepatic artery should
      be considered.

PMID- 6837853
TI  - Duodenal ulcer in South Indian children.
AB  - Twenty-nine children with duodenal ulcer received treatment during an 18 year
      period. Twenty-five were followed over a period that ranged from 3 to 18 years;
      53.8 percent of the patients who received medical treatment either had recurrence
      or persistence of ulcer symptoms during adolescence or adulthood. Two patients
      with acute bleeding ulcers have remained well after vagotomy and drainage
      procedures. Pyloric stenosis was the most common indication for surgical
      intervention and in all such cases the patients underwent truncal vagotomy and
      drainage procedures and continue to live without any symptoms, except one in whom
      anastomotic ulcer due to incomplete vagotomy has developed.

PMID- 6837856
TI  - Subtotal colectomy for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.
AB  - This retrospective review of seven patients with completely obstructing cancers
      of the left half of the colon, in addition to other reports in the literature,
      suggests that subtotal colectomy with primary ileal proctostomy may be the
      treatment of choice for those lesions that are technically resectable and located
      high enough to permit an intraperitoneal ileal proctostomy. The morbidity and
      mortality is less than that seen with the staged approach and the length of
      hospitalization is shorter. By eliminating a second or third hospitalization and
      a temporary colostomy, palliation is better in those patients who ultimately die
      from recurrent cancer. Furthermore, those patients resected for cure may have
      increased rates of long-term survival.

PMID- 6837857
TI  - Effect of staples on the computerized tomographic scan after anterior colon
      resection.

PMID- 6837858
TI  - Cholestasis due to compression of the common bile duct by pancreatic pseudocysts.
AB  - We studied 10 patients with pancreatitis who had persistent cholestasis secondary
      to compression of the common bile duct by a pancreatic pseudocyst. Elevation of
      the serum bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase levels, or both, (sensitive
      indicators of cholestasis) was present in each of our patients. The diagnosis of
      a pancreatic pseudocyst is best made by CAT scan and ultrasonography. These
      techniques will delineate the small intrapancreatic pseudocyst that otherwise may
      be difficult to recognize on inspection at operation. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography and pancreatography are desirable because they delineate the
      anatomic alterations of the pancreatic and common bile ducts and may contribute
      information pertaining to the possibility of common duct obstruction by
      pancreatic fibrosis. In our opinion, cholestasis secondary to bile duct
      compression by a pseudocyst is an indication for operation. Each of our 10
      patients had drainage of their pseudocysts. Cystoduodenostomy, performed in seven
      patients, was the method most commonly used. If there is concern regarding the
      patency of the common duct after drainage of the cyst, intraoperative
      cholangiography should be performed. This was carried out in three patients. In
      each patient, the preoperative elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum
      bilirubin levels returned to normal limits after operative decompression of a
      pancreatic pseudocyst alone without an accompanying or subsequent bilioenteric
      bypass being required.

PMID- 6837859
TI  - Ambulatory herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia in a community hospital.
AB  - Four hundred groin hernias were repaired under local anesthesia over a 5 1/2 year
      period. Eighty-two percent of the patients were discharged on the same day of
      operation and 12 percent within 24 hours. In 60 percent of these patients,
      knitted polypropylene mesh (Marlex) was used to reinforce the inguinal floor.
      There were two infections in this series and other postoperative complications
      were minimal. Most of the patients returned to their full-time occupations in 4
      to 6 weeks. The saving in hospital beds and cost was profound. The follow-up
      results, although not 100 percent complete, are very encouraging and suggest that
      this method can be appropriately and safely used by surgeons working in community
      hospitals.

PMID- 6837860
TI  - Assessment of patients with failed gastric operations for morbid obesity.
AB  - The success of gastric restriction procedures for morbid obesity depends on a
      persistently small gastric pouch and stoma, an intact staple line, and, of equal
      importance, dietary compliance. Evaluation of patients with either excessive or
      inadequate weight loss should be directed at determining both the technical
      adequacy of the operation and the depth of understanding the patient has of his
      or her role in the success of the procedure. Because of the poor prognosis for
      weight loss, patients who are not likely to be complaint or who demonstrate a
      lack of understanding of the behavioral modification required to ensure the
      success of the procedure should not have reoperation, even if a large pouch or
      stoma or a disrupted staple line is seen on an upper gastrointestinal series.

PMID- 6837862
TI  - Mechanical effectiveness of closed peritoneal irrigation in peritonitis.
AB  - Peritonitis was produced in rabbits using a human fecal suspension. Catheters for
      multiple peritoneal lavage then were inserted and continuous irrigation was
      performed. Contrast material was injected on day 1, 2, or 3 to evaluate the
      mechanical effectiveness of irrigation. Radiologic studies revealed that contrast
      material penetrated most or all six regions in all animals. The addition of
      heparin to the irrigant did not alter the number of regions irrigated. It has
      been concluded the peritoneal irrigation effectively irrigates most of the
      peritoneal cavity for up to 3 days.

PMID- 6837863
TI  - Acceleration of wound healing by topical application of honey. An animal model.
AB  - Commercial unboiled honey was applied topically to open wounds of 12 mice. Twelve
      other mice served as a control group and their wounds were dressed with saline
      solution only. Wound healing was judged histopathologically by measuring the
      thickness of granulation tissue, epithelization from the periphery of the wound,
      and the size of the open wounds. The animals were killed 3, 6, and 9 days from
      the day they were wounded and treated, and their wounds were examined
      histopathologically. According to the three mentioned criteria, wounds of the
      honey-treated animals healed much faster than the wounds of the control animals
      (p less than 0.001). Unboiled commercial honey seems to accelerate wound healing
      when applied topically due to its energy-producing properties, its hygroscopic
      effect on the wound, and its bacteriocidic properties. Our results suggest that
      honey applied topically on open wounds accelerates the healing process.

PMID- 6837861
TI  - Elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in short bowel
      syndrome.
AB  - Short bowel syndrome is a complex disease that is almost always seen with
      diarrhea. VIP is known to act powerfully on gut motility, and elevated VIP plasma
      levels have been reported in several diarrheal conditions. In this study VIP
      plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 8 patients with short bowel
      syndrome versus 30 healthy control subjects under basal conditions. VIP plasma
      levels were significantly higher in the short bowel syndrome group (p less than
      0.05). The explanations that could account for these elevated levels are (1) an
      increased gastric acid load in the residual bowel, (2) a compensatory increase in
      blood supply to the gut, (3) removal of an inhibitory factor arising from the
      small intestine, or (4) mucosal stress due to unadsorbed food. An etiologic role
      of VIP in the occurrence of diarrhea in patients with short bowel syndrome seems
      to be an unproved hypothesis.

PMID- 6837864
TI  - Shaving versus skin depilatory cream for preoperative skin preparation. A
      prospective study of wound infection rates.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study compared the effect of preoperative shaving
      versus chemical depilation on wound infection in 253 patients. No statistical
      difference was found between the two methods. Depilatory cream did save time by
      allowing hair to be removed the day before surgery and did offer an advantage in
      areas that were difficult to shave or if the patient was scheduled for diagnostic
      procedures and operations in the same operative area in close succession.

PMID- 6837865
TI  - Second laparotomy for proximal colon cancer. Sites of recurrence and implications
      for adjuvant therapy.
AB  - Sixty-four patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the colon proximal to the
      peritoneal reflection underwent exploratory laparotomy at the time of first
      recurrence of their cancers. Local recurrence, retroperitoneal lymph node
      metastases, parenchymal liver metastases, and diffuse peritoneal seeding were
      identified as frequent components of the overall pattern of recurrence. The
      significance of these findings has been discussed herein, relative to refinements
      of operative technique and selection of appropriate adjuvant therapy.

PMID- 6837867
TI  - Ischemic colitis after aortic aneurysmectomy.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess eight suspected
      risk factors for the development of bowel ischemia after abdominal aortic
      aneurysmectomy. Eighteen patients were studied and compared with 100 randomly
      selected control subjects who underwent similar operations during the same time
      period in five Honolulu hospitals, but in whom the complication did not develop.
      Prolonged cross-clamp time, hypoxemia, ruptured aneurysm, hypotension, and
      arrhythmia (supraventricular and ventricular) occurred with significantly greater
      frequency among the patients with ischemia when compared with the control
      subjects. Age and other preexisting cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases
      did not significantly correlate with risk of postoperative colon ischemia. In
      addition, the technique of aortic grafting did not significantly influence the
      risk of development of ischemic colitis, but the number of patients in this study
      is too small to provide meaningful data on that point.

PMID- 6837868
TI  - Mammography after needle aspiration of palpable breast masses.
AB  - Hematoma resulting from attempted aspiration of a palpable breast mass can cause
      incorrect mammographic interpretation by rendering irregular and indistinct the
      otherwise smooth and sharply defined margins characteristic of a benign lesion.
      In this study of recently aspirated breast masses, we found 17 benign lesions
      that demonstrated poorly defined, irregular margins on mammograms that suggested
      malignancy. All these false-positive interpretations occurred when aspiration
      preceded mammography by less than 2 weeks (17 of 47, 36 percent); no such
      diagnostic error occurred in the 31 cases when mammography was delayed for 2
      weeks or more after aspiration. An appreciation of the frequency and natural
      history of postaspiration hematoma formation should either encourage physicians
      to request mammography before carrying out invasive procedures, or alternatively,
      to defer mammography until 2 weeks after aspiration, since mammography then
      should more clearly portray the benign characteristics of truly benign masses,
      thereby possibly obviating biopsy.

PMID- 6837866
TI  - Management of diverticulitis of the ascending colon. 10 years' experience.
AB  - Diverticulitis of the ascending colon is an uncommon disease which mimics
      appendicitis. The correct diagnosis is rarely made, but can be suggested by the
      patterns of signs and symptoms and confirmed by barium contrast study.
      Diverticulitis of the ascending colon should be treated by the same plan as
      diverticulitis of the left colon. If the diagnosis is established, nonoperative
      management is indicated initially. Operation is indicated when the diagnosis is
      in doubt, when perforation has occurred, or when the patient does not respond to
      nonoperative treatment. At operation, ascending colon diverticulitis can be
      recognized as an inflammatory mass involving the wall and mesentery of the colon.
      The inflammatory mass is best treated by resection with primary anastomosis of
      the ileum to the ascending or transverse colon in an area removed from the site
      of infection.

PMID- 6837869
TI  - Lumbar sympathectomy for toe gangrene. Long-term follow-up.
AB  - We carried out a retrospective review of 45 patients (50 limbs) with toe gangrene
      not amenable to direct arterial surgery, and thus managed by lumbar sympathectomy
      alone. Follow-up data regarding toe salvage, limb salvage, and limb loss were
      compiled. At 5 and 8 year follow-up cumulative limb salvage was 71 percent and
      cumulative toe salvage was 51 percent. The presence of diabetes did not
      significantly influence limb or toe salvage. Mortality during the immediate
      postoperative period was 2 percent. In the majority of patients with digital
      gangrene who are not amenable to arterial surgery, lumbar sympathectomy is of
      benefit for salvaging the limb and the toes.

PMID- 6837870
TI  - Securing soft latex drains. A practical method.

PMID- 6837871
TI  - Operative removal of misplaced Greenfield vena caval filters.
AB  - Operative retrieval has not been necessary in our experience, though interest has
      been expressed by other surgeons. Specifically, during removal the hooks of the
      filter may become attached to adjacent structures, making manipulation and
      eventual extraction difficult. Because the occasion for late removal of a
      misplaced filter may arise, we have developed this method using readily available
      materials. We anticipate that this technique will be most useful for removal of
      filters that have been in place for more than 7 days. A method to retrieve
      filters in place less than 1 week has already been reported [4]. We have found
      the technique quite satisfactory in experimental animals.

PMID- 6837872
TI  - Use of secretin in the roentgenologic and biochemical diagnosis of duodenal
      gastrinoma.
AB  - The use of secretin in the biochemical and roentgenologic diagnoses of a duodenal
      gastrinoma has been described. Preoperatively, the secretin test indicated that a
      gastrinoma and not a retained antrum was the cause of hypergastrinemia in a
      patient who had previously undergone Billroth II gastrectomy. Intravenous
      infusion of secretin during selective angiography resulted in greatly enhanced
      visualization of the tumor which allowed it to be localized to the duodenal
      stump. Several months postoperatively, the secretin test result had become
      negative, which presumably suggested that the tumor had been excised completely.
      Our experience has revealed that intravenous secretin might improve the
      diagnostic usefulness of selective angiography.

PMID- 6837873
TI  - Recurrent gastric bezoars. A new approach to treatment and prevention.
AB  - A recurrent gastric phytobezoar was successfully dispersed using an
      endoscopically directed intermittent jet of dilute papain. Dissolution analysis
      of a retrieved bezoar fragment showed pancrelipase and Adolph's Meat Tenderizer
      to be effective specific solvents. The patient remained free of symptoms while on
      a prophylactic regimen of pancrelipase taken daily. However, when the patient
      discontinued his medication, the bezoar recurred. The dissolution process was
      successfully repeated. Selecting a reagent on the basis of demonstrated
      effectiveness should enhance the chance of successful dissolution of a
      phytobezoar, whereas prophylactic doses of the reagent may prevent its
      recurrence.

PMID- 6837874
TI  - Laterally rotating surgical device for one-stage operations on the thorax and
      abdomen.

PMID- 6837875
TI  - A new aortic clamp.

PMID- 6837876
TI  - Hastening headlong to a dusty end? Can ethics clog the flight?

PMID- 6837877
TI  - What is the art of surgery? A practical reason for knowing.

PMID- 6837878
TI  - The surgeon retires.

PMID- 6837879
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue. Clinical behavior and results of
      current therapeutic modalities.
AB  - A retrospective review of 122 patients who received therapy at the Massachusetts
      General Hospital for squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue from January
      1962 through December 1976 was analyzed for clinical patterns of behavior and
      results of current therapeutic modalities. The results were compared with a
      previously reported series from our surgical service. Our series showed a
      dramatic increase in the proportion of women with carcinoma of the tongue from
      the 10 to 30 percent distribution reported 20 to 30 years ago to the 45 percent
      female to male ratio we observed. Only 38 percent of patients who had a regional
      recurrence of disease after initial therapy responded to secondary therapeutic
      measures. We therefore encourage that initial treatment offer the patient the
      optimal chance for cure. No significant increase in survival with the current
      therapeutic modalities of surgery, radiation, or combined therapy was noted; we
      observed 55 percent 2 year and a 34 percent 5 year overall survival rates. It is
      our belief that randomized, prospective, therapeutic protocols are essential for
      further progression of treatment success for patients with this devastating
      disease.

PMID- 6837880
TI  - Recurrent cholangitis after biliary surgery.
AB  - After a biliary-enteric anastomosis, the development of cholangitis is usually
      assumed to be due to obstruction of the stoma. Six patients in whom this was not
      the case are described. Achlorhydria, duodenal diverticula, and foreign bodies
      are important predisposing factors. When bacterial contamination is severe in an
      abnormal intrahepatic biliary tree, especially that which follows long-standing
      intermittent common duct obstruction, symptomatic biliary infection may occur in
      the absence of extra-hepatic biliary obstruction.

PMID- 6837881
TI  - Management of malignant ascites with peritoneovenous shunting.
AB  - The onset of intractable ascites secondary to malignant disease is a harbinger of
      a short life span (less than 8 weeks) in most patients. Repeated paracentesis is
      a preferable form of management unless a longer life span is anticipated. In
      patients with ovarian or breast carcinoma, peritoneovenous shunting is an
      effective means of controlling malignant ascites. In addition, long-term
      symptomatic relief can be achieved for the balance of the patient's life.
      Postoperative coagulation defects are minimal if most of the ascites is removed
      at the time of shunt placement. Circulating fibrin split products universally
      appear postoperatively in the peripheral circulation of patients with patent
      shunts. Pulmonary metastasis is not a clinically significant problem secondary to
      placement of the peritoneovenous shunt for malignant ascites.

PMID- 6837882
TI  - Limb salvage by extended profundaplasty of occluded deep femoral arteries.
AB  - This report presents our experience with extended profundaplasty as an outflow
      procedure for limb salvage in patients with occluded common and profunda femoris
      arteries. During a 5 year period at Salem Hospital, 15 limbs in 11 patients were
      revascularized by a variety of inflow procedures combined with extended
      endarterectomy and patch grafting of an occluded profunda femoris artery. All
      patients presented with rest pain, ischemic ulcers, or gangrenous toes. Patients
      with acute embolic disease or thrombosis of a limb of a graft which required
      immediate reconstruction were excluded from this study. Preoperative arteriograms
      revealed no patent femoral or graftable popliteal vessels but did demonstrate
      collateral circulation, specifically portions of the circumflex femoral arteries
      and muscular branches of the profunda. Operation was undertaken to disobliterate
      the profunda and reinstitute direct perfusion of the collateral bed. In all cases
      it was possible to endarterectomize the profunda to eliminate distal spared
      vessel and to open most of the profunda branches. There was no operative
      mortality. Follow-up revealed 87 percent limb salvage and 80 percent patency at 1
      year. At 2.5 years limb salvage was 77 percent and reconstruction has remained
      patent in 60 percent of the limbs. These results compare favorably with series
      that have reported reconstructions for profunda stenosis alone. These preliminary
      data suggest that endarterectomy and long patch grafting of the proximally
      occluded profunda may have merit in providing worthwhile palliation in a small
      subset of patients with advanced occlusive disease.

PMID- 6837883
TI  - One hundred consecutive carotid reconstructions: local versus general anesthesia.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients who underwent carotid reconstructions were
      divided into two groups by anesthesia type (general 46, local 54) and
      retrospectively reviewed. Particular interest was paid to length of hospital stay
      and billing data. There were no differences in presenting symptoms, risk factors,
      incidence of stroke, cranial nerve injury, or wound hematoma. Significant
      reductions in length of operating time, intensive care unit time, and
      postoperative stay and intraluminal shunt usage were demonstrated. Calculated
      billings and actual billings were reviewed and found to be markedly diminished in
      the local anesthesia group.

PMID- 6837884
TI  - Pancreas divisum. Results of surgical intervention.
AB  - The embryologic defect that results when the ventral and dorsal anlages of the
      pancreas do not fuse has been referred to as pancreas divisum. ERCP has made it
      possible to recognize this anomaly in patients undergoing investigation for
      otherwise unexplained abdominal pain. Of 70 patients in whom recurrent epigastric
      pain and pancreas divisum coexisted, sphincteroplasty of both papillae was
      carried out in 19 because of intractability of symptoms. In six patients, surgery
      was performed subsequent to failure of other biliary tract surgery. There was one
      postoperative death. In the remaining 18 patients, initial results were good to
      excellent in 13 and fair in 1. In four patients, however, recurrence of symptoms
      developed within periods that ranged from 1 to 6 months; therefore, reasonably
      permanent relief was limited to 10 patients. Of the remaining eight patients with
      recurrent or continuing symptoms, a variety of subsequent procedures led to
      satisfactory results in only three. In only seven patients was there even minimal
      chemical or microscopic evidence to suggest active pancreatitis. Similarly,
      pancreatograms in 17 patients with this anomaly revealed no abnormalities except
      for minor ones in 2 patients. Thus, if this is a syndrome that is due to relative
      stenosis of the lesser papilla and duct, the anomaly does not often result in
      documented pancreatitis. The definite but limited success rate from
      sphincteroplasty suggests that relative stenosis of the lesser papilla may be the
      cause of a syndrome but surgical refinements will be necessary to achieve a
      better operative success rate.

PMID- 6837885
TI  - Metastatic malignant disease of unknown origin.
AB  - The charts of 106 patients with metastasis from an unknown primary cancer were
      reviewed to formulate a more appropriate investigative strategy than is presently
      employed. The spinal column was the most common site for initial presentation of
      metastatic disease (26.5 percent). The primary tumor was identified before death
      in 31.3 percent of patients and after death in 6.6 percent. Lung cancer was found
      in 40 percent of patients with identified primary tumors. Diagnostic studies
      directed at specific symptoms had a significantly greater yield.
      Electroencephalograms, gallium scans, thyroid scans, and mammograms were not
      useful as screening studies. Conversely, bone scans were positive in 46.5 percent
      of asymptomatic patients and in 88 percent of symptomatic patients. Chest
      roentgenograms were suggestive of malignant tumors in 43.6 percent of patients.
      Results of liver scans were predictable on the basis of changes in the alkaline
      phosphatase level and clinical liver examination. History and physical
      examination should clearly document the stage of disease, evaluate possible
      primary sites, and rule out impending acute complications. Chest roentgenograms
      and bone scans should be obtained early and open biopsy of accessible lesions
      scheduled promptly. Efforts should be directed at ruling out the more treatable
      malignant tumors. Further work-up is then indicated only by the development of
      specific symptomatology. Since median patient survival after initial presentation
      is only 6.6 months, prolonged hospitalization for numerous nonproductive
      diagnostic tests seems inappropriate.

PMID- 6837886
TI  - Aggressive surgical management of popliteal artery aneurysms.
AB  - One hundred fifty-nine patients with 244 popliteal aneurysms underwent 167
      reconstructive procedures. Patients were divided into those with asymptomatic
      aneurysms, those with acute ischemia secondary to thrombosis or embolism, those
      with claudication secondary to chronic thrombosis or embolism, and those with
      local symptoms referable to the aneurysm itself. Patients who underwent
      successful revascularization were considered to have good early results. Patients
      with asymptomatic aneurysms had uniformly good results (97.2 percent) as opposed
      to those presenting with acute (70.7 percent) or chronic symptoms (83.8 percent).
      Similar statistically significant differences were seen when patients with
      thrombosis (71.7 percent) or embolism (81.3 percent) were compared with
      asymptomatic patients. Analysis of late results indicates that if an initial good
      result was obtained, the late patency rate was independent of type of
      presentation. Late results were affected by type of conduit employed where life
      table analysis showed the superiority of saphenous vein over Dacron prosthesis.
      At 5 year follow-up, 77.2 percent of all saphenous veins were patent whereas only
      29.5 percent of Dacron prostheses remained patent.

PMID- 6837887
TI  - Primary surgery for hyperparathyroidism: the lateral approach after preoperative
      ultrasonographic localization.
AB  - Increasing experience and improving equipment has made ultrasonography the
      localizing test of choice before neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism is
      carried out. A study of 16 patients who were examined with ultrasonography before
      exploration showed that the sensitivity for finding enlarged parathyroid glands
      was 80 percent, the specificity 95 percent, and the diagnostic accuracy 91
      percent. Our operative technique was altered from the classic midline
      exploration, with bilateral division of the strap muscles, to a lateral approach
      on the basis of our experience with a high-risk patient who had undergone
      unilateral exploration under local anesthesia after successful ultrasonographic
      localization. We found the results with the lateral approach to be equivalent to
      the results using the midline approach. The lateral approach appeared to be more
      direct, efficient, and less traumatic than the classic midline approach. This
      technique is well suited for parathyroid exploration with local anesthesia in
      high-risk patients who have multiple system failure.

PMID- 6837889
TI  - Flaps of the latissimus dorsi muscle in difficult wounds of the trunk and arm.
AB  - The latissimus dorsi muscle is uniquely positioned for extraordinary utility as a
      reconstructive tool. Its versatility in transfer as a muscle or myocutaneous flap
      unit permits closure of a variety of difficult, complex wounds of the trunk and
      arm. Eight cases are presented which illustrate numerous variations of flap
      design for reconstructing large wounds of the scapular region, the sternocostal
      region, the anterior thoracoabdominal region, the axilla and breast, the
      vertebral and paravertebral regions, the intrathoracic cavities associated with
      pleurocutaneous fistulae, and the arm. The flap may be based on either the
      proximal or distal blood supply. It may be transferred in a single unit or split
      longitudinally. It may or may not carry overlying skin of any size or
      configuration. Transfer without overlying skin is advocated when the flap is
      placed intrathoracically for pleurocutaneous fistula closure.

PMID- 6837888
TI  - Optimal methods of repair of descending thoracic aortic transection and
      aneurysms.
AB  - The method for optimal protection of the spinal cord and viscera during surgical
      repair of aneurysms and acute disruptions of the descending thoracic aorta is
      controversial. We reviewed our experience with 50 consecutive patients who
      underwent such repairs between January 1968 and April 1982 to determine the
      safest method of protection. Thirty-two had acute transections, 9 had ruptured
      aneurysms, 6 had false aneurysms, and three had atherosclerotic aneurysms.
      Extracorporeal circulation was used in 21 patients with an average cross-clamp
      time of 67 minutes, a Gott shunt was used in 26 with an average cross-clamp time
      of 74 minutes, and no shunt was used in 3 patients with cross-clamp times of 20,
      24, and 50 minutes. Paraplegia was significantly reduced with both extracorporeal
      circulation and the heparin-bonded Gott shunt; however, the former method was
      associated with a high incidence of postoperative bleeding in conjunction with
      systemic heparinization, and this, in turn, contributed to a high mortality,
      particularly in patients with traumatic transection who often had associated
      severe injuries. We believe that the Gott shunt provides the best protection,
      particularly in the setting of a training program where a relatively small number
      of these operations are performed and cross-clamp times may be prolonged.

PMID- 6837890
TI  - Carotid body tumor. The Lahey Clinic experience.
AB  - We believe that paragangliomas of the carotid body should be excised in all
      patients unless formidable medical conditions prohibit the use of general
      anesthesia. If these tumors are left unresected, they will eventually grow to
      invade the skull and kill the patient. With definitive diagnostic modalities
      available, in addition to comparatively low-risk anesthesia, autotransfusion, and
      replacement of the carotid artery, there are few patients who cannot be
      surgically treated. The important point is that although such a tumor is rare,
      its presence must always be considered when dealing with a lateral neck mass.
      Carotid arteriography should be performed when a carotid body tumor is suspected.

PMID- 6837891
TI  - Distal in situ saphenous vein grafts for limb salvage. Increased operative blood
      flow and postoperative patency.
AB  - Early failure remains a major obstacle to successful distal bypass surgery using
      vein grafts for limb salvage. Thirty distal bypass graft procedures were
      performed for limb salvage using the in situ technique. Grafts were anastomosed
      to the distal popliteal artery in 13 patients and to the infrapopliteal artery in
      17 patients. Sixteen patients had inadequate saphenous veins for reversed vein
      grafts. The mean blood flow measured through these grafts (n = 20) was 164 +/- 22
      ml/min and increased to 278 +/- 31 ml/min after administration of 30 mg of
      papaverine. All grafts were patent at the time of hospital discharge and patients
      were followed for 1 to 28 months. Life table analysis of the 30 procedures shows
      a patency of 100 percent at 18 months follow-up. One graft subsequently failed at
      22 months. Long-term limb salvage was achieved in 100 percent of the patients in
      this series. The excellent blood flow through these grafts suggests that the in
      situ vein graft technique may be more favorable for arterial reconstruction than
      the reversed vein graft technique. Our preliminary data confirm the observations
      of Leather et al [3,4], that the rates of vein utilization and graft patency are
      higher with the in situ technique.

PMID- 6837893
TI  - Asthma and allergic rhinitis in the same patients.
AB  - This study from Danish general practice gives figures about the simultaneous
      prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the order of onset among 7662
      patients, who during 1 year consulted for one or both of these diseases. Twenty
      eight percent of patients with asthma consulted because they also had allergic
      rhinitis, and 17% of patients with allergic rhinitis consulted because they also
      had asthma. Age- and sex-distributions are presented. In 25% of patients with
      both diseases the onset of both diseases occurred within the same year, while in
      35% the onset of asthma occurred first and in 40% allergic rhinitis. Among
      patients with both diseases, who did not have onset of both within the same year,
      more than 75% of them had onset of one disease within 2 years of the other.

PMID- 6837892
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - We have attempted to better define host humoral immune response in neoplasia by
      quantitating serial circulating immune complex values before and after surgery in
      patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer. Circulating immune complex
      levels were correlated with serial carcinoembryonic antigen values and tumor
      courses in patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer (four patients),
      resectable liver metastases (three patients), diffuse liver metastases treated
      with regional chemotherapy (three patients), and untreated intrahepatic (one
      patient) and extrahepatic metastases (one patient). Circulating immune complex
      levels, as measured by an antigen-nonspecific assay, which utilized 4 percent
      polyethylene glycol insolubilization, were increased in all patients at
      presentation (734 delta OD450 +/- 381) when compared with normal human control
      sera (202 +/- 4, p less than 0.05). No particular relation was found between
      presenting circulating immune complex levels and tumor burden. Progressive
      circulating immune complex increases were demonstrated only in patients whose
      tumors were either completely removed or dramatically responded to regional
      therapy (that is, when the tumor antigen load, as reflected by the
      carcinoembryonic antigen value, rapidly diminished). Serum samples obtained at
      times of presumed antibody excess in the patients with gastrointestinal cancers
      were found to contain unexpectedly high concentrations of IgA. We believe these
      data demonstrate the kinetics of circulating immune complex change during tumor
      course and they have allowed us to begin to identify circulating immune complex
      components in patients with colorectal cancer. The results confirm our earlier
      findings in patients with gestational tumors and differ from accepted relations
      between immune complexes and tumor growth.

PMID- 6837894
TI  - Potentiation by acetylsalicylic acid of skin weal response to compound 48/80 in
      ASA-sensitive asthmatics.
AB  - The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on skin response to intradermal
      injection of compound 48/80 and histamine was studied in order to determine
      whether ASA elicits any abnormalities also in the skin of asthmatics reacting
      with bronchoconstriction to ingestion of this drug. The applied ASA dose (mean
      dose 150 mg) elicited bronchoconstriction in all 16 patients with asthma and ASA
      sensitivity (mean fall of FEV1 34%) and increased the weal response to compound
      48/80 to about 51% (P less than 0.05) as compared with the response before the
      ASA-challenge. In asthmatic persons without ASA sensitivity a 150 mg ASA dose did
      not influence the skin response to any of the reagents. On the other hand, a 600
      mg dose decreased skin response to histamine and compound 48/80 in persons
      without ASA intolerance, although the decrease was statistically significant only
      in the flare after compound 48/80 (P less than 0.05). The authors believe that
      additional local defect is needed to reveal sensitivity to ASA in the skin of ASA
      sensitive asthmatics, just as bronchial hyperreactivity is indispensible for
      revealing the action of ASA in the bronchi.

PMID- 6837895
TI  - Discrepancy between haemagglutination and radioimmunological techniques for
      measurement of serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies.
AB  - Recently, it has been suggested that in some patients with autoimmune thyroid
      diseases the tanned red cell (TRC) method for detection of thyroglobulin
      autoantibodies (TgAb) is negative where TgAb measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      show positive values. To investigate this further, patients with thyroid
      diseases, pernicious anaemia and a control group were studied for serum
      concentrations of TgAb by TRC and by quantitative RIA, calibrated against MRC
      Standard A65/93. Antibodies for microsomes (MAb) were measured
      immunofluoretically. There was in all patient groups (Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n
      = 41), Graves' disease (n = 50), idiopathic myxoedema (n = 12), euthyroid Graves'
      disease (n = 7), pernicious anaemia (n = 81) a discrepancy between TgAb measured
      by TRC and RIA, respectively, whereas there was a reasonable correlation between
      the presence of TgAb by RIA and the presence of MAb. A possible interference from
      antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors was ruled out. There was no
      increased frequency of TgAb measured by RIA in the control group. Fractionation
      of TRC negative sera revealed macromolecular TRC-activity, whereas TgAb positive
      sera by both methods had almost exclusively RIA and TRC activity corresponding to
      IgG. Based on these results and others it seems that the TRC method for
      measurement of serum TgAb is of limited diagnostic value. Furthermore, the TRC
      method is in many cases not sensitive enough for screening for TgAb prior to
      measurement of serum Tg, which is of importance as this method shows false values
      in the presence of TgAb due to methodological interference.

PMID- 6837896
TI  - Immunoglobulin E pattern in cigarette smokers.
AB  - Serum IgE levels in healthy blood donors who had no history of atopy were
      measured by a paper-disc RIA and analyzed according to the donors' smoking
      habits. The IgE geometric mean for regular smokers was 41.7 IU/ml, which was
      significantly higher than that for nonsmokers (19.3 IU/ml) or rare smokers (22.7
      IU/ml). Whereas 28% of smokers had IgE levels greater than 200 IU/ml, none of the
      rare smokers or nonsmokers did. IgE levels in smokers showed a moderate inverse
      correlation with the degree of smoking. The mean IgE level was 189.8 IU/ml in
      those who smoked 1-9 cigarettes/day but only 32.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 10-19
      cigarettes per day and 11.1 IU/ml in those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day.
      The number of years a person smoked did not seem to significantly influence the
      IgE level. The mean IgE level in ex-smokers (50.5 IU/ml) was much lower than in
      current light smokers but was still higher than in nonsmokers. There was a
      moderate inverse correlation between IgE levels and duration of cessation of
      smoking. Our data suggest a characteristic pattern for the influence of cigarette
      smoking on serum IgE level, namely, a striking rise associated with light smoking
      and a remarkable drop in heavy smokers, and such changes seemed reversible after
      the habit was stopped. Smoking status, therefore, appears to be an important
      consideration in interpreting serum IgE levels and in revising the "norms" of IgE
      levels.

PMID- 6837898
TI  - Anaesthesia and intensive care. One hat or two?

PMID- 6837897
TI  - The problem of furred pets in childhood atopic disease. Failure of an information
      program.
AB  - This epidemiological study is based on all schoolchildren (n = 40,010) in a
      Swedish county (population: 270,000) and analyses by questionnaire, 1) the
      prevalence of regular direct contact with furred animals, 2) the prevalence of
      allergy to animal danders, 3) the prevalence among child asthmatics of regular
      direct contacts with furred animals correlated to the efforts made to impart
      information on allergy. 4) A comparison between levels of medical care/medicine
      intake in dander-allergic and non-dander-allergic child asthmatics. This method
      gave the following results: 1) 52% of schoolchildren have furred pets in their
      homes (urban area: 39%, rural area: 77%), and 24% ride and/or have contact with
      animals in barns and stables. 2) The overall prevalence of dander allergy was
      5.3%, in child asthmatics 57%; and in children with allergic rhinitis 30%. 3) Non
      dander-allergic child asthmatics have more regular direct contact with furred
      animals than non-asthmatics. The incidence of domestic pet-keeping by dander
      allergic child-asthmatics is less than half that of non-asthmatics. 4) Dander
      allergic child-asthmatics have a higher level of medical care/medicine-intake,
      than the non-allergic. It is stressed that the family with an atopic child should
      be informed as soon as possible of the furred animal problem, i.e. before they
      have bought such a pet.

PMID- 6837899
TI  - Intensive management of severe head injuries. A scheme of intensive management of
      severe head injuries.
AB  - Seventy-six severely head-injured patients, 67% of whom had Glasgow Coma scores
      of five or less on admission, were managed according to an intensive treatment
      regime which included controlled hyperventilation (under full muscular
      paralysis), high-dose steroids, dehydrating agents, diuretics and hypnotics
      (Althesin and thiopentone). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured throughout
      the period of controlled ventilation. Treatment was directed to keeping the mean
      ICP below 25-30 mmHg and to the prevention of increases in ICP during chest
      physiotherapy and other noxious stimulation. Six months after injury 46% of
      patients had died and 4% were vegetative survivors, whilst 43% had made a good
      recovery or were only moderately disabled. Features associated with worse than
      average prognosis were: low coma score, pupillary abnormalities, respiratory
      dysrhythmia and ICP greater than 30 mmHg. Spontaneous hyperventilation was a
      relatively good initial feature. These results support the employment of
      intensive care in severely head-injured patients, particularly those with diffuse
      brain injury.

PMID- 6837900
TI  - Neurological complications following aortic surgery. Case reports and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 6837901
TI  - Postoperative jaundice in children. The influence of halothane.
AB  - At the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, during the 23-year period
      1957 to 1979, 165400 anaesthetics were administered. Almost all of the patients
      anaesthetised during this time would have been exposed to halothane. Seventy-four
      patients became jaundiced for the first time in the post-operative period.
      Halothane-associated hepatitis was excluded as the cause of the postoperative
      jaundice in all but two of the 74 patients. In these two patients in whom the
      diagnosis of halothane-associated hepatitis was possible the hepatitic illness
      was mild and both patients made an uneventful recovery. In this survey the risk
      of a patient becoming jaundiced due to halothane associated hepatitis was greater
      than 1 in 82000. It would seem that in children halothane can be used whenever it
      is warranted and can be used repeatedly.

PMID- 6837902
TI  - Labetalol in tetanus. The treatment of sympathetic nervous system overactivity.
AB  - The cardiovascular instability in some cases of severe tetanus is due to
      increased circulating catecholamines. In 15 patients with this complication of
      tetanus, labetalol, a drug with alpha- and beta-peripheral adrenergic blocking
      properties, was used in management. The drug was administered orally, by i.v.
      bolus or by continuous infusion. Wide variation in dosage was needed both from
      case to case and in the same patient during the course of his disease. In most
      cases the pulse and blood pressure were reduced by labetalol, although their
      variability was not much improved. The effect on the cardiac output and systemic
      vascular resistance ranged from modest reduction in both, to marked effect on
      cardiac output without any change in systemic vascular resistance. The alpha
      adrenergic blockage of labetalol is known to be less powerful than the beta
      blocking effect, and this property could be a disadvantage in the management of
      sympathetic overactivity in tetanus.

PMID- 6837903
TI  - Hypotension during epidural analgesia for Caesarean section. Arterial and central
      venous pressure changes after acute intravenous loading with two litres of
      Hartmann's solution.
AB  - The incidence of hypotension occurring in women undergoing Caesarean section with
      epidural analgesia was investigated in 60 patients receiving an intravenous
      preload of two litres Hartmann's solution. Hypotension occurred in only 6.7% of
      patients. Central venous pressure measurements in 20 patients confirmed the
      safety of the technique. A comparison is made with other preloading techniques.

PMID- 6837904
TI  - Epidural analgesia and anticoagulant therapy. Experience with one thousand cases
      of continuous epidurals.
AB  - One thousand lumbar epidural blocks in 950 patients undergoing vascular surgery
      are reported. All patients were receiving oral anticoagulants pre-operatively.
      Mean thrombotest (TT) was 19.3% (normal range 70-130%). During surgery
      intravascular heparin was administered. At the end of surgery, the kaolin
      cephalin clotting time (KCCT) was 68 (+/- 0.8) seconds (normal range 35-60
      seconds), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was 536 (77.9%, normal control of
      100%). Despite the anticoagulant therapy, no side effects were observed in any
      patient which could be related to haemorrhage or haematoma formation in the
      epidural space. It is concluded that, provided adequate precautions are taken,
      epidural analgesia can be safely used in patients receiving anticoagulant
      therapy.

PMID- 6837905
TI  - Protamine titration after cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - A method of protamine titration, with the use of the 'Haemochron 400' system for
      reversal of heparinisation after cardiopulmonary bypass is described. Twenty
      three patients, average age 47 years, undergoing this procedure for either valve
      replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. Accurate reversal of
      heparinisation was achieved using comparatively small doses of protamine. A
      linear relationship between the dose ratio of protamine and heparin and the time
      interval between their respective administrations was defined where only a single
      dose of heparin had been administered.

PMID- 6837906
TI  - Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes). A postoperative enigma.
AB  - Torsade de pointes is an atypical or variant ventricular tachycardia. We report a
      case of atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) in a patient with
      severe obstructive lung disease which occurred following surgery. The factors
      that may precipitate this dysrhythmia often occur in the postoperative period.
      The correct diagnosis is vital as the treatment for this dysrhythmia differs
      markedly from the treatment for the more common ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 6837908
TI  - Forum. Epidural analgesia and forceps delivery: laying a bogey.
AB  - The spontaneous and operative delivery rates on a labour ward are compared in the
      years before and after the initiation of an epidural analgesia service. An
      epidural rate of 27% of all deliveries in the first year is the only influence
      affecting an otherwise almost steady obstetric background. Despite this major
      impact, the changes in operative delivery rates are small and fail to reach
      statistical significance, although the decrease in spontaneous deliveries is
      significant. In later years the epidural rate rose to involve 72% of primiparae
      and 26% of multiparae, yet the pattern of deliveries tended to return toward the
      pre-epidural picture.

PMID- 6837907
TI  - Aminophylline may act as a morphine antagonist.

PMID- 6837909
TI  - An unusual presentation of cholinesterase deficiency.

PMID- 6837910
TI  - An effective pulse monitor.

PMID- 6837912
TI  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia.

PMID- 6837911
TI  - A nasotracheal tube for faciomaxillary surgery.

PMID- 6837913
TI  - A new use for the 'Aldasorber'.

PMID- 6837914
TI  - Problems with high-flow scavenging systems.

PMID- 6837915
TI  - Familial dysautonomia.

PMID- 6837916
TI  - Oral ketamine.

PMID- 6837917
TI  - Anaesthesia and familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis.

PMID- 6837918
TI  - Etomidate as a sedative in patients undergoing hip surgery under epidural
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 6837920
TI  - A 'closed' method for arterial cannulation.

PMID- 6837919
TI  - Dysrhythmias in children.

PMID- 6837923
TI  - Photoreceptor fine structure in the domestic ferret.
AB  - The morphology of the retinal photoreceptors has been studied in the domestic
      ferret by electron microscopy. 2 types of photoreceptor are present and are
      differentiated morphologically into the classical categories of rods and cones.
      Rods are longer, more slender and more numerous than the cones. The rod outer
      segment is uniform in diameter along its entire length while the cone outer
      segment tapers distally. Cone outer segments are short and large apical processes
      from the pigment epithelium extend some distance to wrap around them. Both rods
      and cones possess a connecting cilium and a large cross-striated fibril which
      begins near the ciliary basal body and extends through the outer segment to end
      near the external limiting membrane. Cone nuclei are more vesicular than rod
      nuclei. They form a single layer immediately beneath the external limiting
      membrane while rod nuclei form several layers beneath the cone nuclei. The
      synaptic region of the cone cells is larger and more elaborate than that of the
      rods. Synapses in both rods and cones appear to be formed by both superficial and
      invaginated contacts.

PMID- 6837924
TI  - Smooth muscle in human intracerebral arterioles.
AB  - Aterioles from the human cerebral cortex have been examined by electron
      microscopy in several patients aged 43 to 58 years. The wall of all arterioles
      (ranging in size from 10-70 microns in diameter) is composed of a single layer of
      endothelium and from one to 5 layers of smooth muscle cells. A basal lamina
      supports the endothelium and encloses the smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle
      cells were identified by morphological criteria that included the presence of
      dense bodies, abundant microfilaments and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. Some of
      the intracerebral arterioles were observed in a constricted state indicating
      functional smooth muscle cells. The presence of functional smooth muscle cells in
      human intracerebral arterioles indicates that these arterioles are capable of
      vasoconstriction which may be a possible factor in some clinical conditions.

PMID- 6837922
TI  - On-line gas dialyzer for automated enzymatic analysis with potentiometric ammonia
      detection.

PMID- 6837921
TI  - Spectroelectrochemical examination of charge transfer between chlorpromazine
      cation radical and catecholamines.

PMID- 6837925
TI  - Methylmercury toxicity: in vivo evaluation of teratogenesis and cytogenetic
      changes.
AB  - Mercury is a major environmental pollutant and a proven teratogen in both animals
      and man. Different dose levels of methylmercuric chloride (30, 25, 15 and 5 mg/kg
      of body weight) were administered to pregnant ICR strain mice on day 9 of
      pregnancy. On gestational day 18 the animals were laparotomized. A significant
      increase in fetal toxicity was observed at all dose levels, except following
      treatment with 5 mg/kg. A marked reduction in the mean weight of fetuses from
      treated animals (5 mg/kg) was observed compared to the controls. Higher levels of
      mercury were found in maternal blood and in fetal tissues of treated animals
      compared to the corresponding controls. Chromosome stickiness and clumping were
      observed in all tissues examined (e.g., bone marrow, spleen, lung, liver) from
      the fetuses of treated animals. The frequency of SCEs'/cell in bone marrow cells
      was similar to that of controls. The results demonstrate that methylmercuric
      chloride, the most toxic of mercuric compounds, causes chromosome stickiness and
      clumping leading to reduced mitotic divisions.

PMID- 6837926
TI  - The prenatal human submandibular gland: a histological, histochemical and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The submandibular glands of 6 human fetuses, 13.5-16 weeks old, were studied
      using light and electron microscopic techniques. The developing gland at this
      stage consisted of a bush-like network of terminal buds (primitive acini) and
      primary ducts surrounded by a loose mesenchyme. Both components had a lumen which
      was surrounded by 1 or 2 layers of epithelial cells. Those cells adjacent to the
      lumen were attached by desmosomes but lacked well developed terminal bars. The
      cells were separated by an intercellular space, into which projected numerous
      microvilli. The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells contained the usual organelles
      with some cells containing large accumulations of glycogen granules. Serous
      granules and the luminal contents were both strongly PAS and AB positive. The
      function of this secretory material, at this stage of human development, is
      unknown. No mucus-like granules were observed. The terminal buds and primary
      ducts were surrounded by a well developed basal lamina and contained a few
      elongated cells which appeared morphologically as developing myoepithelial cells.
      Morphologically the development of the human submandibular gland, at 13.5-16
      weeks of age, is roughly equivalent ot the developmental stage of the gland seen
      in the newborn rat or mouse. By birth, the human submandibular gland would likely
      reach a mature state, because there would be ample time remaining, in a normal
      gestation, for the maturation process to be completed.

PMID- 6837929
TI  - Uterine glands of the pig during pregnancy. An ultrastructural and cytochemical
      study.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the porcine uterine glands is described from material taken
      from 11 pregnant pigs at exactly known stages of gestation (day 30; 58; 80; 100;
      110). Fixation was performed by perfusion via a branch of the uterine artery and
      the tissue was routinely processed for electron microscopy. Additionally,
      cytochemical studies (phosphotungstic acid reaction for glycoproteins, according
      to Rambourg 1967; acid phosphatase reaction; ultrastructural localization of
      cellular iron, according to Parmley et al. 1978) were performed. On day 30 of
      pregnancy the uterine glands are coiled, simple tubular glands with a narrow
      lumen. The epithelial lining is simple columnar and consists basically of two
      cell types, ciliated cells and secretory cells. The secretory activity of the
      glandular epithelium is low; only a few secretory granules are present in the
      supranuclear cytoplasm. At midpregnancy the ultrastructure of the glands has
      significantly changed and the cells now show all the characteristics of high
      secretory activity: numerous parallel cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      an extensively developed Golgi apparatus and many secretory granules which give a
      positive reaction for acid phosphatase and glycoproteins. The lumina of the
      glands are significantly enlarged and filled with a great amount of a granular,
      acid phosphatase-positive material. In the last third of pregnancy, only minor
      changes in the ultrastructure of the uterine glands are observed. The secretory
      activity is still high. The amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum has further
      increased and parallel arrays of cisternae occupy a considerable part of the
      supranuclear cytoplasm. The importance of the uterine secretion for embryonic
      nutrition and development is only partly understood. One of the secreted
      glycoproteins, uteroferrin, is believed to play an important role in the iron
      transfer from mother to fetus. From midpregnancy onward, a special cell type, the
      "granule laden cell" is found scattered between normal secretory cells of the
      uterine glands. Contrary to the opinion of Perry and Cromby (1982), we could
      demonstrate that these cells frequently extend to the lumen of the gland; hence
      the term "basal cell" seems inappropriate for this cell type.

PMID- 6837927
TI  - Central distribution of efferent and afferent components of the cervical branches
      of the vagus nerve. A HRP study in the cat.

PMID- 6837930
TI  - The dorsal surface of the animal pole of the just laid quail egg, studied with
      SEM.
AB  - The epiblast and the surface of the perigerminal yolk of the just laid quail
      blastoderm were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dorsal
      surface structures are microvilli, mainly along the cell borders. The scarcity of
      the dimples does not support that ingression occurs at this stage. Flat or round
      cells on the epiblast are possibly deep layer cells that failed to incorporate
      after passing through the epiblast. The majority of the blastoderms have an
      irregular margin. The large edge cells possess microvilli at their borders only.
      A few blastoderms, probably the more developed, have a smooth edge with closely
      packed cells. The margin of these germs shows round cells and lamellae that could
      be protruded by deep cells. The process of cell rounding and extension of
      lamellae may be the onset of the formation of the margin of overgrowth.
      Concentric zones are present on the surface of the perigerminal yolk, on which
      microvilli and blebs are found near the germ. The presence of cell projections on
      the perigerminal surface suggests its living nature.

PMID- 6837931
TI  - Chandelier neurons within the rabbits' cerebral cortex. A Golgi study.
AB  - This study has been carried out by light microscopy on 3 Golgi-Kopsch impregnated
      brains of young adult rabbits. It is shown that chandelier cells exist within the
      rabbits' cerebral cortex. In the rabbit, the chandelier cell is a medium ranged
      bipolar interneuron in layer II/III with a characteristic axon which forms a
      plexus with a diameter of about 350-500 micrometers in the horizontal and 200-350
      micrometers in the vertical direction; the end of each ramulus forms the typical
      "candlestick", a little vertical string of 1-6 boutons on an axon fibre. These
      boutons form contacts with all parts of pyramidal cells in layer II and the upper
      part of layer III. Similarities and differences with respect to previous
      descriptions of these cells in other species are discussed.

PMID- 6837933
TI  - On three types of large nerve cells in the granular layer of the human cerebellar
      cortex.
AB  - The large nerve cells of the granular layer of the human cerebellar cortex have
      been investigated by means of a newly developed Golgi technique that reveals the
      pigmentation pattern of individual nerve cells through transparent impregnations
      of their cell bodies and cellular processes. Three types of large nerve cells
      have been distinguished: Type I cells correspond to the Golgi cells. They have a
      rounded or polygonal cell body with only a few dendrites that radiate in all
      directions. The axon ramifies profusely, close to the parent soma. Cells of this
      type are most frequently encountered among the large cells of the granular layer.
      Type I cells contain only a few pigment granules. Type II cells have a fusiform
      or triangular cell body with a few rather extended dendrites that rarely ramify.
      Cells of this type are either devoid of pigment or contain a few large pigment
      granules that can be stained intensely by aldehydefuchsin. Type III cells are
      multipolar neurons with a fair number of dendrites originating from any point of
      the soma. The dendrites extend into the deep portions of the molecular layer.
      Here and also within the Purkinje cell layer they repeatedly branch off forming a
      dense dendritic arborization. Cells of this type are evenly distributed
      throughout the entire granular layer and throughout the adjacent portions of the
      Purkinje cell layer and the white matter as well. Type III cells are filled with
      tightly packed lipofuscin granules. The pattern of pigmentation is characteristic
      for each of these neuronal types. The three types of large nerve cells within the
      granular layer of the human cerebellar cortex can therefore be distinguished not
      only in Golgi impregnations but also in pigment-Nissl preparations.

PMID- 6837932
TI  - The structure of the kidney of Japanese newts, Triturus (Cynops) pyrrhogaster.
AB  - The construction of renal lobules in Triturus (Cynops) pyrrhogaster was studied
      by reconstruction from serial semithin sections, and the structure of nephrons,
      collecting ducts and ureters was investigated by means of light and electron
      microscopy. In T. pyrrhogaster the kidney was mesonephros in construction; renal
      lobules were arranged segmentally and each of them sent one ureter. Male ureters
      ran caudally and met together before joining the Wolffian duct. In renal lobules,
      long collecting ducts ran medio-laterally in the dorsal aspect of the kidney and
      sent several branches ventrally. Each branch duct or short collecting duct
      received one nephron. Each nephron had five segments; 1) renal corpuscle, 2)
      ciliated neck segment with or without a naphrostome, 3) proximal tubule, 4)
      ciliated intermediate segment and 5) distal tubule. Proximal and distal tubules
      were segregated spacially in renal lobules and occupied the peripheral and
      central zone respectively. The filtration barrier of the glomerulus consisted of
      both the basal lamina of podocytes and the subendothelial connective tissue, and
      was much thicker than the mammalian filtration barrier. Proximal tubule cells had
      a brush border, apical specialization for reabsorption of organic materials and
      well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, but few baso-lateral
      interdigitations. In distal tubule cells, baso-lateral interdigitations and
      infoldings were well-developed. Collecting duct cells had a sparse cytoplasm.
      Ureter cells in males contained many secretory granules. On the basis of
      structural organization of the newt kidney as well as physiological data in
      literature, we suggest that in land vertebrates proximal tubules were primarily
      adapted to reabsorption of organic materials and distal tubules to reabsorption
      of electrolytes and water.

PMID- 6837928
TI  - Intercellular junctions in the human fetal membranes. A freeze-fracture study.
AB  - Freeze-fracture replicas of the human reflected and placental amnion and chorion
      laeve at term were studied in order to give a systematic survey of the nature and
      extension of the intercellular junctions in the fetal membranes. No differences
      could be detected between the reflected and placental amniotic epithelium. In
      both the replicas never displayed plasma membrane differentiations typical of
      occluding junctions, while communicating junctions were occasionally and
      desmosomes frequently seen. In the chorionic trophoblast maculae occludentes,
      communicating junctions and desmosomes were regularly encountered. It is assumed
      that the maculae occludentes are remnants of occluding junctions which early in
      gestation possibly seal off the chorionic cavity; it appears improbable that they
      contribute significantly to the permeability properties of the chorionic
      trophoblast, since it is known from previous ultrastructural studies that large
      open intercellular channels cross the chorionic trophoblast. Thus the absence of
      occluding junctions, which could act as effective permeability barriers, in both
      epithelial components of the fetal membranes suggests that the factors able to
      influence the amniotic fluid turnover or the paraplacental protein exchange are
      the geometrical relationships and physico-chemical properties of the
      intercellular channels in the amniotic epithelium and chorionic trophoblast. In
      addition, communicating junctions were present between fibroblasts in the chorion
      laeve but not in the amnion, possibly indicating differences in the functional
      state of these cells and/or their extracellular microenvironments.

PMID- 6837936
TI  - Relationship between granule-containing cells and blood vessels in the rat
      autonomic ganglia.
AB  - Granule-containing (GC) cells and related blood vessels in the superior cervical
      ganglion and the pelvic plexus of the rat were examined by light and electron
      microscopy of serial thin sections. In the superior cervical ganglion, GC cells
      formed many clusters of more than 20 cells. These clusters were supplied with
      dense networks of fenestrated capillaries, while the ordinary ganglion cells had
      continuous capillaries distributed more sparsely. Several continuous capillaries
      diverged from the networks in the GC cell clusters to join with capillaries
      around the ganglion cells. In the pelvic plexus, continuous capillaries with well
      developed pericytes were distributed similarly around the GC cells and the
      ganglion cells. Dense networks of fenestrated capillaries in the clusters were
      never seen. Based on these observations, the physiological significance of the GC
      cells was discussed.

PMID- 6837937
TI  - Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons.
AB  - The caudal-most regenerated spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons consists solely
      of an ependymal tube. Ependymal cells are enlarged radially and are more numerous
      than in unregenerated cord. Projections of ependymal cell cytoplasm and
      Reissner's fiber fill most of the central canal. Small groups of neurites and
      cell processes filled with dense-cored vesicles lie between abluminal processes
      of ependymal cells. Rostral to this, additional cells appear dorsal and lateral
      to the inner ependymal layer. Some cell bodies contain numerous dense-cored
      vesicles. Larger bundles of neurites, some with synapses, are present.
      Invaginations of the peripheral edge of the cord create enclosed spaces lined
      with basal lamina. In the peripheral region, longitudinally oriented neurites
      extend through extracellular spaces or channels. The ventral portion at some
      levels of regenerated cord is completely filled with neurites, processes
      containing dense-cord vesicles, and capillaries. Similar masses of neurites and
      processes containing dense-cored vesicles lie outside the cord proper, in or near
      the meningeal layer. In rostral-most sections, the organization of regenerated
      spinal cord approaches that of normal cord, with the regenerated cord exhibiting
      groups of myelinated axons, differentiated fibrous astrocytes and
      oligodendroglia, cell bodies containing dense-cored vesicles, and differentiated
      electromotor neurons. These observations indicate a degree of pluripotency in
      some of the ependymal cells in adult Sternarchus. Moreover, they are consistent
      with a role of ependymal cells in the guidance of regenerating neurites.

PMID- 6837935
TI  - Species differences in the synaptic membranes of the end bulb of held revealed
      with the freeze-fracture technique.
AB  - Two morphological differences distinguish the membranes of the end bulb-spherical
      cell synapse in rats and mice from those in guinea pigs and chinchillas. First,
      in freeze-fracture replicas, the membranes of rat and mouse spherical cells lack
      perisynaptic aggregates which are present in the other species. Second, small gap
      junctions are present between the end bulb and spherical cell soma of rats and
      mice. These interspecies differences are not reflected in thin-sectioned
      material. This observation points out the difficulty in attempting to generalize
      about the significance of intramembrane specializations in synaptic membranes.

PMID- 6837934
TI  - Extracts of rat amniotic fluid contain a potent inducer of intestinal crypt
      formation.
AB  - The effect of acid, basic, and organic extracts from Long Evans rat amniotic
      fluid (RAF) and from Swiss ICR mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) was studied on 15-day
      fetal mouse duodenal mucosa in organ culture. Amniotic fluids (20 ml) were
      lyophilized and extracted 1) with CHCl3:MeOH and the organic phase was
      evaporated; then 2), the residue was acidified with a solution of 0.1 N HCl in
      10% acetic acid and the liquid phase was lyophilized; finally 3), 0.01 M NH4OH
      was added to the residue and the liquid phase was lyophilized. The product of
      each extraction was added to 20 ml of Trowell T8 medium. Acid and basic extracts
      of RAF and MAF have no effect on the formation of duodenal villi and crypts after
      48 hours of culture. With the organic extract of MAF, small villi are present
      after 48 hours of culture and absorptive cells are poorly differentiated. With
      the organic extract of RAF, well-developed villi have differentiated after 48
      hours of culture; moreover, crypts are present at the same stage and Paneth cells
      are identified within these crypts. During the 8-10 hour period, the explants
      cultured with the Trowell T8 medium supplemented with RAF or MAF organic extracts
      show a 35% increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation over the controls cultured with
      Trowell T8 medium alone. These results indicate that organic extracts from MAF
      and RAF are able to promote villus formation in undifferentiated explants from 15
      day fetal mouse duodenum in organ culture. Furthermore, RAF organic extract
      contains a factor that can induce the formation of duodenal crypts and the
      differentiation of Paneth cells in culture at least 2 days before their normal
      appearance.

PMID- 6837938
TI  - Caudal spinal cord of the teleost Sternarchus albifrons resembles regenerating
      cord.
AB  - The morphology of spinal cord in the caudal-most spinal segments of normal adult
      Sternarchus albifrons is different from that of more rostral adult cord. The
      caudal segments are strikingly similar to the regenerating spinal cord observed
      after amputation of the tail in Sternarchus. In the caudal-most vertebral segment
      of normal spinal cord, ependymal cells are radially enlarged and are more
      numerous than in more rostral adult cord. Large processes of the ependymal cells
      extend into the central canal, which also contains a prominent Reissner's fiber.
      Invaginations of the outer surface of the spinal cord, with the associated basal
      lamina, are common. Lateral to the immediate ependymal layer, extracellular
      spaces contain longitudinally oriented neurites. Cell bodies and cell processes
      filled with dense-cored vesicles occur throughout the caudal-most segment of
      spinal cord, and are especially concentrated in the ventral half, interspersed
      with numerous capillaries. In all these respects the caudal-most segments of
      normal adult spinal cord in Sternarchus closely resemble regenerating spinal cord
      of Sternarchus. In both regions, at least some of the ependymal cells retain the
      ability to divide and generate new neurons and glial cells.

PMID- 6837940
TI  - Bilateral lesions of suprachiasmatic nuclei affect circadian rhythms in [3H]
      thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid in mouse intestinal tract,
      mitotic index of corneal epithelium, and serum corticosterone.
AB  - Investigations into the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the
      coordination of circadian rhythms have presented differing results. Several
      reports have shown that ablation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNA) alters the
      phase and amplitude of rhythms but does not abolish them. The present study
      investigates the effect of SCNA on the rhythms in cell proliferation in various
      regions of the intestinal tract as measured by the incorporation of [3H]
      thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid, in the mitotic activity of the corneal
      epithelium, and in serum corticosterone levels. The study involved mice with
      verified lesions of the SCN (six to 13 mice per time point) and control groups of
      both sham-operated and unoperated mice (seven of each per time point). The mice
      were killed in groups that represented seven time points over a single 24 hr span
      (3 hr intervals with the 0800 hr sampled both at start and end of the series).
      The tissues examined were the tongue, esophagus, gastric stomach, and colon for
      DNA synthesis, the corneal epithelium for mitotic index, and blood serum for
      corticosterone level. The most consistent result of SCNA was a phase advance in
      the rhythms in cell proliferation in the tongue, esophagus, gastric stomach,
      colon, and corneal epithelium. A reduction in rhythm amplitude occurred in the
      tongue, esophagus, and corneal epithelium; however, there was an amplitude
      increase for the stomach, colon, and serum corticosterone. The mesor (rhythm
      adjusted mean) was increased by SCNA in all tissues except the corneal
      epithelium. These findings further support the role of the suprachiasmatic
      nuclear area in the control of rhythms in cell proliferation and corticosterone
      production, by acting as a "phase-resetter" and as a modulator of rhythm
      amplitude.

PMID- 6837941
TI  - Tracheobronchial epithelium of the sheep: I. Quantitative light-microscopic study
      of epithelial cell abundance, and distribution.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde-infused tracheas and airways of five castrated sheep were
      microdissected following the axial airway of the left cranial and caudal lobes.
      Airway branches were assigned binary numbers indicating their specific location
      in the tracheobronchial tree. Samples of known airway generation were resin
      embedded and examined by light-microscopy. Based on differences in cell
      morphology, staining properties, and distribution, eight major cell groups were
      recognized and quantified: four mucous cell categories (M1, M2, M3, and M4),
      ciliated, basal, Clara, and serous cells. The last cell category was restricted
      to submucosal glands. Tracheal epithelium had the most cells per unit length,
      primarily due to large numbers of basal cells. Basal cells are found in the
      epithelium of airways without cartilage or glands. The total mucous cell
      population (M1, M2, and M3) in proximal airways was relatively constant. M4
      mucous cells were present in glands of proximal airways and in the epithelial
      lining of the airways without glands. The most distal airways were lined by Clara
      and ciliated cells. A small number of the most proximal noncartilaginous airways
      had mucous (M1, M2, M3, and M4), basal, and Clara cells sharing the epithelial
      lining. We conclude that in the sheep lung: (1) epithelial cell distribution does
      not correlate with airway wall components; (2) more than one type of secretory
      epithelial cell can share the lining of the same airway; and (3) Clara cell
      distribution is based on airway generation and proximity to alveoli.

PMID- 6837939
TI  - Inverse correlation between "synaptic" ribbon number and the density of
      adrenergic nerve endings in the pineal gland of various mammals.
AB  - The number of "synaptic" ribbons was inversely correlated with the density of the
      adrenergic nerve endings of the pineal gland compared among a diverse group of
      species including the fox, cat, rat, cotton rat, white-footed mouse, Djungarian
      hamster, ground squirrel, and chipmunk. The concentration of norepinephrine
      paralleled the number of adrenergic nerve terminals in the pineal glands of the
      cotton rat, rat, and ground squirrel, the only species in which norepinephrine
      concentrations were measured. The number of ribbon fields paralleled numbers of
      "synaptic" ribbons in all species examined. Adrenergic nerve endings were
      observed primarily within the perivascular spaces, although some endings also
      were found among parenchymal cells. Adrenergic nerve endings forming synaptic
      junctions with pinealocytes were not observed in any of these species, nor was
      there any physical association between these nerve endings and "synaptic"
      ribbons.

PMID- 6837942
TI  - Light and scanning electron microscopic study of testosterone-restored penile
      papillae in castrated rats.
AB  - Structural changes in various penile tissue from rats with differing circulating
      androgen levels were analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Adult
      males were castrated and daily injected for 6 weeks with one of four physiologic
      amounts of testosterone propionate (TP). Results indicated that epithelium,
      subepithelial connective tissue, and the papillae protruding from the surface of
      the glans penis responded, more or less, in a dose-dependent fashion to the
      steroid. The least androgen-sensitive penile tissue was the epidermal stratum
      corneum, more sensitive was the maligiphian layer, and more sensitive still was
      the subepithelium. The penile papillae and their follicles were the most androgen
      sensitive tissue. Specifically, the high testosterone, 400 micrograms and 800
      micrograms TP, males experienced papillae that were thicker, taller, more densely
      arranged, and more highly keratinized than the lower testosterone, 100 micrograms
      and 200 micrograms TP, males. The function of the papillae may be to provide the
      female with the mechanical stimulation necessary to ensure a proper hormonal
      milieu for successful impregnation.

PMID- 6837943
TI  - Avian lymph node: light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - We have observed by light and transmission electron microscopy lymphoid
      accumulations (LA) in the chicken located along the posterior tibial-popliteal
      and lower femoral veins. Three types of LA were characterized: 1) LA on the wall
      of the lymphatic, 2) LA with germinal center, and 3) well-developed LA possessing
      germinal centers and an intricate lymphatic sinus system. The latter will be
      termed a lymph node and is perhaps the structure responding to foot-pad injection
      of antigen and/or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After the injection of PHA into the
      foot-pad, the lymph node enlarged and revealed the intermingling of two distinct
      groups of cells consisting of either small lymphocytes or medium lymphocytes and
      lymphoblasts. Because our earlier immunological paper proved the presence of T
      and B cells in the node, the two histologically distinct groups of cells
      appearing after PHA injection could reflect compartmentalization of T and B cells
      in the avian lymph node. Lymphoid and adipose tissues are in the same
      compartment. After PHA or antigen injection into the foot pad, the lymphoid
      tissue proliferates and the amount of the adipose tissue rapidly decreases. This
      suggests that lymphoid and adipose tissue form a special complex which is
      separated from the surrounding tissue by delicate connective tissue capsule. The
      relationship of the lymphoid and adipose tissue is comparable with that of
      myeloid and adipose tissue in the bone marrow. The majority of the sinuses shows
      smooth endothelial lining while others contain "hairy" macrophages attached to
      the endothelium. The germinal centers are located at the periphery of the node,
      but a few occur inside. The cellular content of the germinal centers is not
      unusual except for the presence of plasma cells.

PMID- 6837944
TI  - Patterns of x-radiation-induced Schwann cell development in spinal cords of
      immature rats.
AB  - Schwann cells, Schwann cell myelin, and connective tissue components develop in
      the spinal cord of the immature rat following exposure to x-rays. For the
      purposes of this paper, these intraspinal peripheral nervous tissue constituents
      are referred to as IPNT. A series of investigations are in progress to elucidate
      factors related to the development of IPNT, and the present study is a light
      microscopic evaluation of the relationship between the amount of radiation
      administered (1,000-3,000R) to the lumbosacral spinal cord in 3-day-old rats and
      the incidence and distribution of IPNT at intervals up to 60 days postirradiation
      (P-I). The results showed that IPNT was present in only 33% of the rats exposed
      to 1,000R, whereas its presence was observed in 86% or more of those in the 2,000
      , 2,500-, and 3,000R groups. The distribution of IPNT was quite limited in the
      1,000R group, where it was restricted to the spinal cord-dorsal root junction and
      was found in only a few sections within the irradiated area. The distribution was
      more widespread with increasing amounts of radiation, and IPNT occupied
      substantial portions of the dorsal funiculi and extended into the dorsal gray
      matter in the 3,000R group. In all aR mals developing IPNT in the groups
      receiving 2,000R or more, the IPNT was present in essentially all sections from
      the irradiated area. Further studies will compare in detail spinal cords exposed
      to 1,000R in which IPNT is an infrequent, limited occurrence with those exposed
      to higher doses where IPNT occurs in a more widespread fashion in essentially all
      animals.

PMID- 6837945
TI  - Endocytic activity in embryonic cardiac cushion mesenchyme in vivo and in
      collagen gel lattices.
AB  - Mesenchymal cells, termed cushion tissue (CT) cells, are the principal cellular
      elements in atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushions, the latter constituting
      AV septal and valvular primordia in the embryonic heart. Atrioventricular canals
      of 2 1/2 day chick embryo hearts were explanted onto collagen gel lattices,
      wherein cushion endothelial cells acquired the characteristics of CT cells and
      invaded the gel. The endocytic activity of in situ CT cells was compared to that
      of gel-cultured CT cells by exposing appropriate preparations to horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP), cationized ferritin (CF) or to lysozyme. Stimulation by these
      exogenous proteins resulted in phagocytosis. In addition, all three markers were
      associated with coated pits, smooth surfaced vesicles (45-60 nm), C- or cup
      shaped structures and other lysosomal elements, but were excluded from Golgi
      cisternae and their entire vesicle population. In CT cells, HRP does not act
      solely as a "content" marker that reflects fluid-phase uptake. Instead it appears
      to follow adsorptive endocytic pathways. The endocytic behavior of in vivo and in
      vitro cushion tissue cells appears to be the same. Endogenous endocytic activity
      may reflect in part membrane retrieval, which counterbalances the extensive
      exocytosis observed in these cells.

PMID- 6837946
TI  - Structural and cytochemical changes in astrocytes from the brain periventricular
      zone of the copper-deficient blotchy mouse.
AB  - Porphyrin- and endogenous peroxidase-containing accumulations of cytoplasmic
      inclusions in astrocytes of the hypothalamic periventricular and arcuate nuclei
      and periventricular areas of the lateral ventricles except for ependymal
      astrocytes were observed by fluorescent microscopy and histochemical techniques
      in the wild type, C57BL/6J, and tabby mice. These cells can be also visualized
      with phase contrast and dark-field techniques or by staining sections embedded in
      polymerized resin with toluidine blue. The brains of heterozygous females and
      hemizygous males for the blotchy allele (mottled locus on the X-chromosome)
      failed to show this specific class astrocytes. The findings described are
      possibly due to defective copper metabolism in mottled mutants which may include
      a number of other related abnormalities, including reduced activity of copper
      dependent enzymes such as porphyrin-containing peroxidases. Sexual difference in
      the number of the accumulations in the anatomically and physiologically normal
      tabby mouse was clearly expressed.

PMID- 6837947
TI  - Light-microscopic and microspectrofluorometric characterization of porphyrin
      containing astrocytes in mouse optic nerve.
AB  - Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the emission spectrum
      of unusual orange-red fluorescence found in the mouse optic nerve. Comparison of
      the spectra obtained with those of a number of porphyrins used as standards
      (protoporphyrin, uroporphyrin, and coproporphyrins) shows that the
      autofluorescence excited at about 400 nm (Soret band) is due to the presence of a
      mixture of these or other porphyrins in the nerve. Phase contrast, dark-field,
      and light-microscopy techniques demonstrated that the fluorescence is emitted by
      dense, coarse inclusions in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. The inclusions also
      exhibit high activity of endogenous peroxidase, a heme (porphyrin)- containing
      enzyme, characteristic for process of phagocytosis. A possible participation of
      these astrocytes in phagocytosis is delineated.

PMID- 6837949
TI  - Leukophages in canine semen.
AB  - Spermiophages and leukophages were found in teratozoospermic canine semen.
      Spermiophagy was the role of neutrophilic granulocytes. Leukophages are believed
      to be oversize macrophages transformed by and released from a chronic
      inflammatory lesion in the pelvic urethra or the prostate. The term leukophages
      was adopted to indicate that the cells phagocytize leukocytes, specifically
      neutrophilic granulocytes. Direct observations on living cells revealed a
      surprising interaction between these two cell types. It is inferred that neither
      of the phagocytic cells are related to the disturbed spermiogenesis nor the
      teratozoospermia.

PMID- 6837948
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of monkey foveal photoreceptors.
AB  - Rhesus monkey retina and especially the foveal photoreceptors (PR) were
      investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There are a few scattered SEM
      photomicrographs of the primate retina in the literature but this is the first
      detailed and comprehensive view by SEM of a primate retina. Some new aspects of
      surface morphology are displayed and the study also highlights and emphasizes
      some aspects of photoreceptor structure that have either been overlooked or not
      clearly displayed in studies using transmission electron microscopy only. For
      examination by SEM retinas were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde, osmicated,
      immersed in thiocarbohydrazide, dehydrated in alcohols, and gold-coated. The
      fovea appears as a sharply defined pit with steep slopes, and its vitreal surface
      looks different from that of the rest of the retina. It appears to have a matted
      surface. The rest of the vitreal surface is relatively smooth and displays
      distinct lines which diverge in a radiating pattern from the foveal slopes. The
      choroid has a spongelike appearance; the sclera appears fibrous with the fibers
      running parallel to the vitreal surface. Photoreceptor nuclei are sometimes lost
      during tissue processing. They leave a discrete "nuclear nest" formed from Muller
      cell processes. Henle fibers turn at a sharp angle from the cones to run parallel
      to the vitreal surface. The external limiting membrane is seen as a clear line.
      Immediately vitreal to it, the Muller cell microvilli surround the proximal inner
      segments. The cone inner segment (CIS) narrows toward the cilium where the cell
      is markedly constricted. The ciliary connectives are aligned and appear as a
      shadowy, slightly wavy zone when the retina is viewed in vertical section. The
      freestanding, tapering calycal processes (CP) arise from and are continuous with
      longitudinal CIS ridges. CP surround the proximal parts of the outer segments
      (OS), but there are no CP around the ciliary backbone. Some CP bear small
      protrusions. OS break off and remain embedded among the pigment epithelium
      microvilli (PEM) more often than PEM remain attached to OS distal ends. The
      foveal OS tapers slightly from its proximal to its distal end. The OS may bear
      knoblike swellings and convolutions in their more distal regions but not at their
      tips.

PMID- 6837950
TI  - Motile components in spermatids as related to transport of spermatids and
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Two distinctly different components of motility were detected in living early
      spermatids of the rat using phase contrast microscopy and video-analysis: the
      primary flagellum (a 9 + 2 axonema) executes wave-like motion in three
      dimensions. At the same time the flagellum displays alternatively in clockwise
      and counter-clockwise directions partial torsion, whereas shortening and
      elongation can also be observed. The second component is based on rhythmical
      movements of the spermatid cytoplasm at identical stages. During differentiation
      the capacity for motion reduces progressively. For instance, late spermatids are
      only capable of bending their now thickened flagellum. Spermatozoa were found
      immotile. Germ cells during differentiation are thought to contribute themselves
      to their transfer through the germinal epithelium. Reduction of motility in the
      differentiating flagellum is due to growing accessory structures surrounding the
      axonema, whereas motility of the cytoplasm is reduced by its resorption. In man,
      some forms of hypofertility and sterility, such as the immotile-cilia syndrome,
      might already be caused by imperfect motile components present in spermatids.

PMID- 6837951
TI  - Gametogenic count and histopathological effect of thorium nitrate and uranyl
      nitrate on mice testes.
AB  - Daily intraperitoneal administration of aqueous solution of 0.05 m mole/100 g b.
      wt. of uranyl nitrate and thorium nitrate has been observed for 7 days. Marked
      reduction in the seminiferous tubule diameter and gametogenic count was observed.
      Signs of testicular necrosis, exfoliation of germ cells, and karyolysis and
      karyorrhexis were seen in most of the tutubles. Mononucleate and polynucleate
      giant cells were also observed indicating prolonged pathological condition.

PMID- 6837952
TI  - Decrease of aldolase and pyruvate kinase activity in erythrocytes of individuals
      with male hypogonadism as an expression of lack of androgen influence on the bone
      marrow.
AB  - The authors have demonstrated the statistically significant decrease of aldolase
      and pyruvate kinase activity in erythrocytes in a group of men with hypogonadism
      and with a significant defect of gonad endocrinologic function. A similar
      phenomenon appeared in erythrocytes in a group of sexually mature rabbits after
      castration. In the course of substitutional treatment with testosterone esters
      given intramuscularly, the increase of activity characteristic for both examined
      glycolytic enzymes was observed in both experimental groups, i.e. the patients
      and the animals. The pyruvate kinase increase, however, was not statistically
      significant in the examined group of men, which resulted from the small size of
      the group. The authors suggest the existence of testosterone influence on regular
      activity of bone marrow glycolytic enzymes, and consequently on the mature
      erythrocytes. The decrease of aldolase and pyruvate kinase activity in
      erythrocytes of patients with male hypogonadism may decrease the erythrocytes
      valence. This ist another biochemical argument for the need of conducting long
      term substitutional therapy in cases of male hypogonadism.

PMID- 6837954
TI  - The acrosomal membrane system of boar spermatozoa--morphological and biochemical
      studies.
AB  - The distribution of the cell surface saccharides with alpha-glycosidically linked
      mannose and terminal galactose was displayed by fluorescence microscopical
      examinations with FITC-conjugated concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin
      120. The lectin binding sites of the inner cellular membranes--inner and outer
      acrosomal membrane--were ultrastructurally localized by electron microscopical
      studies using the lectin-peroxidase technique. It could be demonstrated that both
      acrosomal membranes contain covalently bound carbohydrates. In order to
      characterize the acrosomal membrane components which are responsible for the
      binding to lectins, the outer acrosomal membrane was separated after
      homogenization by centrifugation through modified colloidal silica. The exposed
      membrane proteins were labelled by galactose oxidase mediated introduction of
      tritium into the carbohydrate side chains of the glycoproteins. After
      solubilization the membrane components were analysed by affinity chromatography
      and electrophoresis. For a general characterization the cholesterol/phospholipid
      ratio of ejaculated boar spermatozoa and the isolated membrane fraction was
      determined and some enzymatic activities were assessed.

PMID- 6837955
TI  - [Morphology of free immature germ cells in human testis, epididymis and
      ejaculate].
AB  - The distribution and fine structure of free immature germ cells and their
      degenerated forms in the human testis, epididymis, and ejaculate were
      investigated by means of semithin sections under the light microscope and by
      means of thin sections under the electron microscope. If spermatogenesis is
      normal, among the free immature germ cells, spermatids and spermatocytes I can be
      found in the testis. In cases of disorganized or very reduced germinal
      epithelium, in addition to all the normal cell forms of spermatogenesis, numerous
      morphologically altered and degenerated free immature germ cells are present. In
      these cells vacuoles, nuclear tubuli, and a special structure of the endoplasmic
      reticulum are particularly remarkable. Spermatocytes II and normal and aberrant
      forms of spermatids are present in the epididymis. Aberrations of the spermatids
      are especially numerous--for example multinucleated cells, abnormalities of
      nuclear condensation and acrosome vesicle, abundant cytoplasm in combination with
      a small nucleus, and a great number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. In
      comparison with the testis, the number of cell ghosts and anucleated components
      of cytoplasm is increased. The variety of cell types is decreased in the
      ejaculate. Only spermatids are distinctly demonstrable. Primary spermatocytes are
      characterized by exceptional abundant endoplasmic reticulum. Cells with
      eccentrically placed dense nuclei are not similar to any of the cell forms in
      spermatogenesis. The fine structure of many cells appears faded. Often the cells
      are degenerated or only recognizable as shadow forms. Two forms of anucleated
      components of the cytoplasm are distinguishable. These are interpreted as
      epididymal secretory blebs or cell fragments. Spermatophages are described in the
      rete testis, epididymis and ejaculate.

PMID- 6837953
TI  - Effect of testosterone and oxandrolone on thrombocyte aggregation and synthesis
      of prostaglandins in thrombocytes and aorta of atherosclerosis-susceptible
      pigeons.
AB  - Effect of intramuscular administration (10 mg/kg/week) of testosterone and
      oxandrolone on a) thrombocyte aggregation and b) synthesis of prostaglandins from
      [14C]-arachidonic acid in thrombocytes and aorta of atherosclerosis-susceptible
      White Carneau pigeon was examined. Neither testosterone nor oxandrolone
      influenced collagen, ADP and arachidonic acid induced aggregation or the
      synthesis of prostaglandins in thrombocytes. However, both testosterone and
      oxandrolone stimulated (p less than 0.05) the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      (stable product of prostacyclin) und PGE2 in aorta.

PMID- 6837957
TI  - [Why morphological differentiation of spermatozoa?].
AB  - The morphological differentiation of spermatozoa is an essential of the
      spermatogram. Different methods of staining are possible. Very simple methods are
      the so called Testsimplet-method and the Sangodiff-method; here in a short time
      of less than one minute the slide can be prepared and about one hour later the
      differentiation can star. These preparations don't allow permanent preparations
      but they are suitable for practising doctors.

PMID- 6837956
TI  - Is low titre agglutination seen when testing male sera for antisperm antibodies
      an immunological phenomenon?
AB  - The gelatin agglutination test (GAT) and the tray slide agglutination test (TAT)
      for antisperm antibodies may yield equivocal titres in a number of cases when
      sera from infertile men are tested. The question is whether these equivocal
      titres represent true immunological activity or whether other factors such as
      beta-spermagglutinins are responsible. The sera from 24 infertile men with
      moderate or equivocal titres were tested using the TAT after absorption with
      protein A-producing staphylococci to remove IgG. Only two of the 24 sera showed
      activity which may have been due to beta-spermagglutinins; the majority of the
      sera showed no activity following absorption. These results mean that even at low
      titres the GAT and TAT are detecting immunological agglutination when male sera
      are tested and by inference that antisperm antibodies in male sera only become
      clinically significant at higher titres, as it is well known that men may father
      children in the presence of lower or equivocal serum GAT or TAT titres.

PMID- 6837958
TI  - Anesthesiology and addiction.

PMID- 6837959
TI  - Lack of adverse neonatal neurobehavioral effects of lidocaine.
AB  - The effects of epidural anesthesia on the early neonatal neurobehavioral scale
      (ENNS) following delivery were studied in 22 parturients given 1.5% lidocaine
      epidural anesthesia during labor and delivery. These results were compared to
      those obtained in a control group of 17 neonates whose mothers received no
      analgesics, medications, or local anesthetics for labor or delivery. There was no
      significant difference in ENNS in the two groups of neonates. Lidocaine as
      administered in this study has no adverse effects on the early neurobehavioral
      status of the neonate.

PMID- 6837960
TI  - Effect of halothane on cardiac output and regional flow in the fetal lamb in
      utero.
AB  - We studied the effect of halothane on the fetal cardiovascular system of six
      lambs in utero by measuring fetal heart rate and femoral arterial blood pressure
      and by injecting labeled microspheres during a control period and again after 60
      and 90 min of halothane anesthesia administered to six pregnant ewes at an
      inspired concentration of 1.5%. There were no significant effects on maternal
      cardiovascular function or acid-base balance, but fetal blood pressure decreased
      significantly by 27% after 8 min of halothane anesthesia and remained at this
      level for the duration of the experiment. However, there were no significant
      changes either in fetal regional blood flow to the vital organs or in fetal
      cardiac output. Fetal oxygenation and acid-base status remained stable. We
      conclude that in normal fetal lamb in utero the decrease in mean fetal arterial
      blood pressure associated with maternal halothane anesthesia is due to a decrease
      in peripheral vascular resistance because regional blood flow and acid-base
      status are well maintained.

PMID- 6837961
TI  - Effects of myocardial infarction on perioperative cardiac complications.
AB  - Of 1104 consecutive noncardiac operations on 981 patients using general
      anesthesia, 63 were performed on 53 patients who had had a previous myocardial
      infarction. Patients with a previous infarct were compared to those with no prior
      infarct to determine the influence of a previous infarct on perioperative cardiac
      complications. Two of the 53 patients with a previous myocardial infarction
      (3.8%) had perioperative myocardial infarction, compared to 0.4% (4/928) of
      patients with no prior history of myocardial infarction (P less than 0.05).
      Ventricular tachycardia (P less than 0.05) and cardiac death (P less than 0.01)
      were more frequent in patients with a previous myocardial infarction compared to
      those with no prior infarct. All patients with a previous myocardial infarction
      who developed cardiac complications underwent vascular procedures (P less than
      0.005) and were over 77 years of age. The two patients who reinfarcted
      experienced intraoperative hypotension (P less than 0.05). Fourteen of the 53
      patients with a history of a myocardial infarction (26.4%) had previous coronary
      artery bypass surgery; no perioperative cardiac complications occurred in these
      patients.

PMID- 6837962
TI  - Systemic distribution of blood flow in swine while awake and during 1.0 and 1.5
      MAC isoflurane anesthesia with or without 50% nitrous oxide.
AB  - To examine the effects of isoflurane on systemic distribution of cardiac output,
      organ/tissue blood flow was measured in 11 isocapnic pigs using 15-micrometer
      diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres injected into the left atrium.
      Measurements were made on each pig during five of the following six conditions;
      awake (control); 1.0 MAC (1.45% end-tidal)isoflurane anesthesia; 1.5 MAC (2.18%
      end-tidal) isoflurane anesthesia; 0.95% end-tidal isoflurane and 50% N2O
      anesthesia equivalent to 1.0 MAC; 1.68% end-tidal isoflurane and 50% N2O
      anesthesia equivalent to 1.5 MAC; and 50% N2O administration. The order of
      anesthetized steps was randomized. A period of 60 min was interposed between
      anesthetized steps to allow pigs to recover towards control values. Mean aortic
      pressure decreased in a dose-related manner during isoflurane anesthesia, whereas
      cardiac output decreased only during 1.5 MAC isoflurane anesthesia and heart rate
      remained unchanged. The addition of N2O attenuated the hypotensive effects of
      isoflurane and cardiac output was maintained near control values because of
      increased heart rate. Brain blood flow increased in a dose-dependent manner with
      isoflurane anesthesia, but myocardial blood flow exhibited a dose-related
      decrease. The addition of 50% N2O to maintain the same total MAC anesthesia
      resulted in a larger increase in brain blood flow especially at 1.5 MAC, while
      myocardial blood flow was maintained near control value. Rate-pressure product
      and myocardial blood flow at 1.5 MAC anesthesia were higher when N2O was used
      with isoflurane. While blood flow and fraction of cardiac output going to the
      adrenal glands were unaltered during isoflurane-N2O anesthesia, blood flow
      increased at 1.5 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. Splenic blood flow and splenic
      fraction of cardiac output were increased at both MAC levels of isoflurane as
      well as isoflurane-N2O anesthesia whereas blood flow to the stomach, small
      intestine, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue decreased from control
      values. Renal, hepatic arterial, and cutaneous blood flow remained unaltered.
      Fifty percent N2O in the presence of a residual end-tidal isoflurane
      concentration of 0.20% caused heart rate to increase from control levels, while
      cardiac output and mean aortic pressure were unaltered. Brain blood flow
      increased by 27% above control values, but perfusion in the myocardium, adrenal
      glands, spleen, kidneys, liver, and skin was unchanged. Stomach, small intestine,
      skeletal muscle, and diaphragm blood flows decreased from control values, whereas
      perfusion of adipose tissue increased.

PMID- 6837963
TI  - Comparison of the maternal and neonatal effects of halothane, enflurane, and
      isoflurane for cesarean delivery.
AB  - The maternal and neonatal effects of 50% O2-50% N2O alone and 50% O2-50% N2O
      combined with 0.5% halothane, 1.0% enflurane, or 0.75% isoflurane were studied in
      42 healthy parturients undergoing general anesthesia for elective primary or
      repeat cesarean delivery at term. All patients received thiopental and
      succinylcholine for induction and were intubated and ventilated with a tidal
      volume of 10 ml/kg at a rate of 10 breaths/min. Two of 12 (17%) patients given O2
      N2O alone had recall; none who received a potent inhalation agent had any recall.
      Blood loss was similar in all four groups. There were no significant differences
      between groups in induction-to-delivery and uterine incision-to-delivery
      intervals, the frequency of Apgar scores less than 7 at 1 and 5 min, maternal and
      fetal blood-gas tensions, acid-base balance, lactate values, and early neonatal
      neurobehavioral scores at 2-4 h. It is concluded that analgesic concentrations of
      halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane can be safely added to 50% O2-50% N2O to
      prevent maternal awareness during general anesthesia for cesarean delivery while
      maintaining normal maternal and neonatal conditions.

PMID- 6837964
TI  - Alcuronium and intraocular pressure.
AB  - The effects of alcuronium on intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 20
      patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery. IOP was measured with the
      Schiotz indentation tonometer before induction, after induction, and after
      tracheal intubation. Combined administration of a standardized sleep dose of
      thiopental (5 mg/kg) and alcuronium (0.25-0.30 mg/kg) significantly (P less than
      0.001) decreased IOP from control values of 15.3 +/- 2.33 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to
      8.91 +/- 2.15 mm Hg. Intubation of the trachea significantly (P less than 0.001)
      increased IOP to 12.58 +/- 3.05 mm Hg, a level still significantly (P less than
      0.001) lower than control values.

PMID- 6837965
TI  - Phrenic nerve paralysis following interscalene brachial plexus block.

PMID- 6837966
TI  - Ventilatory management of tracheomalacia utilizing high-frequency jet
      ventilation.

PMID- 6837967
TI  - Cannulation of the dorsal radial artery.

PMID- 6837968
TI  - A perspective on halothane-induced hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 6837969
TI  - Advanced CPR: "death is one of two things (1)

PMID- 6837971
TI  - Effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on the SA node.

PMID- 6837970
TI  - Fentanyl and droperidol effects on the refractoriness of the accessory pathway in
      the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 6837972
TI  - Arrhythmogenic plasma levels of epinephrine during halothane, enflurane, and
      pentobarbital anesthesia in the dog.
AB  - Plasma levels of epinephrine which correspond to the arrhythmogenic doses were
      determined during halothane, enflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia in the dog.
      The arrhythmogenic dose was established by a series of 3-min infusion of
      epinephrine at 10-min intervals. The mean values of the arrhythmogenic doses and
      the corresponding plasma levels of epinephrine were: 2.18 micrograms X kg-1 X min
      1 and 38.7 ng/ml during halothane; 11.43 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 and 206.3
      ng/ml during enflurane; and 15.27 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 and 296.5 ng/ml
      during pentobarbital anesthesia. The arrhythmogenic plasma levels of
      norepinephrine during halothane anesthesia was nearly the same as that of
      epinephrine.

PMID- 6837973
TI  - Cerebrovascular response to hypotension in hypertensive rats: effect of
      antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 6837976
TI  - Anesthetic management for surgical corrections of severe flexion deformity of the
      cervical spine.

PMID- 6837974
TI  - Etidocaine toxicity in the adult, newborn, and fetal sheep.
AB  - The systemic toxicity of etidocaine was compared in adult, newborn, and fetal
      sheep during continuous infusion of the drug into the jugular vein at the rate of
      0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1. All recipients exhibited symptoms of toxicity in the
      following order: convulsions, hypotension, respiratory arrest, and circulatory
      collapse. The dose of etidocaine required to produce CNS and cardiovascular
      toxicity was significantly different among the three age groups, being the
      highest in the fetus and the lowest in the adult. In contrast, no significant
      difference in etidocaine blood concentrations at the onset of each toxic symptom
      was observed among the groups except that convulsions and hypotension occurred at
      lower blood levels in the fetus as compared with the newborn and adult.
      Comparisons of etidocaine blood concentrations associated with the onset of
      convulsions and circulatory collapse (CC/CNS ratio) with those of lidocaine
      reported previously indicate that a narrower margin exists in adults and newborn
      following administration of etidocaine.

PMID- 6837975
TI  - Halothane-induced ATP depletion in platelets from patients susceptible to
      malignant hyperthermia and from controls.
AB  - Since the cellular defect of malignant hyperthermia (MH) may occur in tissues
      other than muscle and since platelets share certain contractile characteristics
      with muscle cells, testing platelets has been suggested as a way to diagnose
      susceptibility to MH. In analogy to the in vitro depletion of muscle adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), the authors compared platelet basal nucleotide levels and
      halothane-induced depletion of ATP from 10 MH-susceptible patients and from 12
      unrelated nonsusceptible controls. A rapid and simple isocratic high-pressure
      liquid chromatography technique was used to analyze acid-extracted platelet
      nucleotides. Halothane added to platelet-rich plasma at 37 degrees C
      significantly decreased ATP in platelets in a dose-dependent as well as a time
      dependent manner. In contrast, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine
      monophosphate (AMP) were not changed significantly. Other volatile anesthetic
      agents also depleted ATP in platelets. Although ATP in platelets exposed to
      halothane was depleted significantly, there was no difference between platelets
      from MH-susceptible patients and nonsusceptible controls. Therefore, halothane
      induced ATP depletion in platelets is not a reliable test for diagnosing MH
      susceptibility.

PMID- 6837977
TI  - Fatal pulmonary embolism secondary to limb exsanguination.

PMID- 6837978
TI  - Intravenous verapamil to relieve pulmonary congestion in patients with mitral
      valve disease.

PMID- 6837980
TI  - Failure to initiate electroconvulsive seizures in a patient pretreated with
      lidocaine.

PMID- 6837982
TI  - The baroresponse and cardiovascular depression by halothane in infants.

PMID- 6837981
TI  - Anesthetic management of a patient with Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

PMID- 6837979
TI  - The influence of endotracheal tube cuff design and cuff lubrication on
      postoperative sore throat.

PMID- 6837983
TI  - Facial pain induced by music.

PMID- 6837984
TI  - Some corrections concerning the precipitation of local anesthetic drugs in
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 6837985
TI  - The optimal test dose for epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 6837986
TI  - Etiology of halothane hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 6837987
TI  - Buffering capacity of citrate antacids.

PMID- 6837988
TI  - A double-lumen right atrial catheter for open heart surgery.

PMID- 6837989
TI  - Thiobarbiturates induce arrhythmias in dogs.

PMID- 6837990
TI  - Hypothermia and the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 6837991
TI  - Nalbuphine and droperidol combination for local standby sedation.

PMID- 6837992
TI  - Intermittent hypoxia increases lobar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
AB  - The author tested the hypothesis that in a canine lobar hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction (HPV) model, the passage of time alone would eliminate a
      previously observed association between increasing lobar HPV and repeated
      intermittent hypoxia of the lung lobe. The HPV model included electromagnetic
      measurement of the fraction of the cardiac output perfusing the left lower lobe
      (QLLL/Qt) and ventilation of the left lower lobe (LLL) independent of, but still
      synchronous with, the rest of the lung. Following surgical preparation of the
      model, the LLL and the rest of the lung were ventilated with 100% O2 and no
      further manipulations or procedures were performed for 120-150 min. The LLL then
      was made intermittently hypoxic four times by ventilation with 95% N2 and 5% CO2
      and the LLL HPV response was quantified as the per cent decrease in QLLL/Qt. The
      LLL was kept either normoxic or hypoxic until the QLLL/Qt ratio was stable for
      several minutes. The first three LLL hypoxic exposures caused a significant
      progressive increase in LLL HPV response (from 37.8 to 54.7 to 61.3%) while the
      second LLL HPV response required significantly less time (16.6 min) to reach a
      stable decreased QLLL/Qt value compared with the first LLL HPV response (26.4
      min). Animals with the smallest initial LLL HPV response increased their HPV
      response the most, and animals with the largest initial LLL HPV response
      increased their HPV response the least with repeated LLL hypoxic exposures. The
      conclusion that intermittent hypoxia increases HPV has important implications for
      the conduct of HPV experiments and the interpretation of blood-gas changes during
      one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery.

PMID- 6837993
TI  - Recovery of neuromuscular function in the perfused rat diaphragm after
      succinylcholine and pancuronium blockade.
AB  - The recovery of the rat diaphragm from neuromuscular blockade was studied in
      order to separate the contributions of drug binding and tissue washout. The in
      vitro rat diaphragm preparation was perfused with a cholinesterase-free solution
      via the phrenic vein and stimulated electrically via the phrenic nerve. Muscle
      paralysis was induced by infusion of a depolarizing blocker succinylcholine or by
      the nondepolarizing blocker pancuronium. The time for recovery from 25-75%
      recovery averaged 1.0 +/- 0.1 min for pancuronium and 0.8 +/- 0.1 min for
      succinylcholine at the fast (1.9 ml/min) perfusion rate. This was prolonged to
      2.0 +/- 0.3 min for pancuronium and 1.4 +/- 0.1 min for succinylcholine at the
      slower (0.76 ml/min) rate. More sensitive paired tests of recovery utilizing
      recovery time and rate demonstrated no drug difference in three comparisons and a
      44% longer recovery time for pancuronium only at the lower perfusion rate. In
      general, recovery times were similar for both drugs. The rapid recovery from
      pancuronium blockade in this mammalian system as perfusion rate was increased
      suggests that recovery from this drug is not impaired by drug binding but is
      strongly dependent on organ perfusion.

PMID- 6837994
TI  - Age-dependent alterations in nitrous oxide requirement of mice.
AB  - To determine the relationship of nitrous oxide requirement to age in mice, the
      authors repeatedly tested the righting-reflex response in stock CD-1 mice at 50
      to 703 days of age. Over this age range, nitrous oxide requirement (+/- SE)
      progressively decreased from 1.48 +/- 0.02 atm to 1.09 +/- 0.06 atm. A second set
      of experiments measured changes in nitrous oxide requirement with age in mice
      selectively bred for resistance (HI mice) and susceptibility (LO mice) to nitrous
      oxide anesthesia. When tested at two months of age, selected HI and LO mice had
      nitrous oxide ED50 values of approximately 2.0 and 1.1 atm, respectively. At 11
      to 14 months, the nitrous oxide ED50 of the HI mice had decreased to
      approximately 1.5 atm. In contrast, the nitrous oxide ED50 of the LO mice showed
      a much smaller decrease over this age range. Thus, the separation in nitrous
      oxide requirement between the HI and LO lines tended to disappear with age. By
      correlating the difference in anesthetic requirement between the HI and LO mice
      with biochemical and biophysical alterations in the central nervous system,
      studies on aging that use selectively bred lines may be helpful in investigating
      the mechanism of anesthetic action and the mechanism by which aging affects
      anesthetic action.

PMID- 6837995
TI  - Extent and mechanism of halothane sensitization of the carotid sinus
      baroreceptors.
AB  - The present study was performed to determine the extent and mechanism of carotid
      sinus baroreceptor sensitization due to halothane in an isolated, denervated
      carotid sinus in anesthetized dogs (thiopental 25 mg/kg; 5 mg X kg-1 X h-1,
      maintenance dose). Efferent sympathetic nerves to the sinus were sectioned to
      eliminate the contribution of these fibers to any sensitization observed.
      Halothane (H) administration was localized to the carotid sinus by an isolated
      perfusion system. The perfusion system was used to make standardized sine wave
      changes in carotid sinus pressure. Carotid sinus afferent nerve activity from
      single or few-fiber nerve preparations was recorded during carotid sinus pressure
      changes and the slopes of nerve activity versus carotid sinus pressure were used
      to determine the gain, or sensitivity, of the baroreceptors. The addition of
      0.75% H and 1.5% H to the sinus perfusion produced a dose-dependent sensitization
      of the baroreceptors. A greater increase in carotid sinus afferent nerve activity
      for a given increase in sinus pressure was used as an indication of an increase
      in receptor sensitivity, or sensitization. In the presence of sodium
      nitroprusside, given in doses to maximally dilate the sinus prior to H
      administration, only 1.5% H produced baroreceptor sensitization. This suggests
      the changes in sinus wall tension due to halothane may have contributed to the
      sensitization seen during H administration. The remaining sensitization at 1.5% H
      was eliminated in the presence of nitroprusside and 7.5 mM Ca++. This remaining
      sensitization therefore appears to be Ca++-related and may be due to direct
      effects of H on the baroreceptors.

PMID- 6837996
TI  - Acquired laryngeal deviation associated with cervical spine disease in erosive
      polyarticular arthritis. Use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in rheumatoid
      disease.
AB  - Cervical spine disease in patients with erosive polyarticular arthritis often
      presents difficulties in endotracheal intubation at the time of surgery. After
      extensive experience with the use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in such
      situations, the authors have identified a previously unrecognized and
      unanticipated tri-plane deviation in which the larynx is displaced caudally,
      deviated to the left, rotated to the right, and anteriorly angulated. A review of
      710 consecutive fiberoptic intubations identified 15 arthritis patients with
      laryngeal deviation. Documentation was available in seven patients showing that
      the larynx was initially in a normal position, but was progressively displaced as
      the cervical spine disease worsened. Vertical penetration of the dens was the
      most significant underlying pattern of cervical spine disease. Computerized
      tomography with multiplanar reconstruction elucidated two patterns of deformity
      but was not necessary to detect the laryngeal deviation. One cause of the
      deviation was a scoliotic deformity of the trachea and larynx secondary to
      shortening of the neck resulting from the vertical penetration. The second
      mechanism was a rotational deformity of the cervical spine occurring from
      asymmetric bony erosions. Knowledge of this deformity permits it to be easily
      predicted preoperatively so that appropriate management can be planned.

PMID- 6837997
TI  - Halothane inhibits the microbicidal oxidative activity of pulmonary alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - The effect of clinical concentrations of halothane on the microbicidal oxidative
      activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was investigated. PAM oxidative
      activity [generation of the microbicidal oxidative intermediates hydrogen
      peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and superoxide anions (O2-)] was
      assessed using luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL). Whereas luminol CL
      is an indicator of oxidative activity due to H2O2, OH, or O2-, lucigenin CL
      provides an ultrasensitive measurement of O2- generation. The use of both
      chemoluminigenic probes thus enables a detailed analysis of PAM oxidative
      function. Exposure of PAM to 3, 2, and 1% halothane vaporized in air
      significantly inhibited both luminol (23-46%) and lucigenin (30-51%) CL
      responses, P less than 0.01. Halothane-treated PAM exposed to air recovered to
      the extent that their luminol CL responses were significantly greater than
      control (no halothane) experiments. Lucigenin reaction mixtures given halothane
      then air showed less inhibition than PAM treated with halothane only. These
      results suggest that 1) the generation of O2- and to a lesser extent other
      oxidative metabolites are decreased following halothane exposure, and 2) this
      inhibition is reversible.

PMID- 6837998
TI  - Hypothermia in pregnancy.

PMID- 6837999
TI  - A prospective evaluation of cardiac risk index.

PMID- 6838000
TI  - The advantage of the prone position approach to the lumbar epidural space.

PMID- 6838001
TI  - Detection of end-exhalation period by airway thermistor: an approach to automated
      pulmonary artery pressure measurement.

PMID- 6838002
TI  - Bilateral spread of analgesia following interscalene brachial plexus block.

PMID- 6838004
TI  - Type and screen for cesarean section: a prudent alternative.

PMID- 6838003
TI  - Massive occult retroperitoneal hemorrhage during hip surgery.

PMID- 6838008
TI  - "Self-taming" with succinylcholine and muscle pain.

PMID- 6838005
TI  - Anesthesia for surgery in an infant with DiGeorge syndrome.

PMID- 6838007
TI  - Pulmonary vascular impedance: resistance versus pulmonary artery diastolic
      pulmonary artery occluded pressure gradient.

PMID- 6838006
TI  - A juvenile airway in an adult with suprasellar tumor.

PMID- 6838010
TI  - Disconnect alarm failure.

PMID- 6838009
TI  - Predicting painful venipunctures.

PMID- 6838012
TI  - Controversies regarding the prophylactic use of dantrolene for malignant
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 6838011
TI  - Glycine and the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 6838014
TI  - Skin blood flow during histamine flare using the clearance of epicutaneous
      applied Xenon-133 in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - The increase in skin blood flow produced by both reactive hyperemia and histamine
      was examined in 8 normal, 8 diabetic and 3 cancer patients using the epicutaneous
      Xenon-133 clearance method. The histamine flare response in both diabetic and
      cancer groups was reduced compared to that in the normal group. There was no
      significant difference in the reactive hyperemia responses. It is concluded that
      the reduction in the histamine flare response is due to a defect in the sensory
      nerves mediating the axon reflex and not due to a change in the vascular
      response.

PMID- 6838013
TI  - Another method of mixing air and oxygen.

PMID- 6838015
TI  - Measurement of blood pressure, blood flow and flow velocity in arterial
      reconstruction of the lower extremity.
AB  - Seventy-five limbs of 66 patients undergoing arterial reconstruction of the lower
      extremity were studied. In 41 of 64 limbs that were not involved in early
      failure, API returned to normal immediately and the increased API was maintained
      as long as grafts remained patent. The limbs exhibiting a rise in API of 0.1 or
      more following proximal reconstruction in the cases with combined iliac and
      femoral arterial occlusion or bypass grafting to an isolated segment obtained
      marked improvement of symptoms. Postoperative increase in TPI was not so marked
      as in API, and TPI remained very low in the limbs with arterial obstructive
      lesions below the ankle after successful reconstruction. Early or late failure
      could not be predicted on the basis of preoperative or postoperative API, TPI or
      A-T gradient. In the limbs with no recovery of TPI, blood flow or flow velocity
      in the foot was of value predicting which limbs would be salvaged.

PMID- 6838016
TI  - Cross-striated undulant structure of the aorta in neonates, children and young
      adults.
AB  - Some aortas of neonates and of children have intimal wrinkles which run closely
      packed and horizontally across the longitudinal axes. In the beginning of this
      century this structure was called "Wellenlinien", but there has been little
      investigation concerning their formation. Some wrinkle structures showed the
      transformation to atherosclerotic foci in infants. These wrinkles seemed to play
      an important role for atherogenesis in young subjects. In this paper, we will
      report the result of observations on these structures in neonates, children and
      young adults.

PMID- 6838017
TI  - Circadian rhythm of hourly ventricular arrhythmia frequency in man.
AB  - Three twenty-four hour electrocardiographic recordings from 164 untreated
      patients were analyzed. A clear, statistically significant, diurnal pattern in
      hourly ventricular arrhythmia frequency was found. It was consistent across days
      and between seven diagnostic groups. A high frequency Noon to 4:00 PM peak
      contrasted with a low frequency 1:00 AM to 5:00 AM trough with zero hourly
      frequencies not uncommonly present. These findings appear applicable to large
      ambulatory populations and may well influence the design of future investigations
      of modalities which alter ventricular arrhythmia frequency.

PMID- 6838018
TI  - The normal Doppler venous examination.
AB  - The clinical diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is but 50% accurate
      when compared to the results of contrast venography. This clinical inaccuracy had
      led to the dependence of the physician upon laboratory diagnosis. Whereas
      contrast venography is the gold standard of diagnosis, its expense, special
      equipment, personnel, and discomfort make it unsuitable for evaluating large
      numbers of patients. For this reason, numerous noninvasive tests utilizing
      plethysmographic and Doppler techniques have been developed to evaluate patients
      with suspected venous disease, and when expertly performed have a degree of
      accuracy of approximately 90%. This degree of accuracy coincides with the
      experience of our peripheral vascular laboratory using the Doppler venous
      examination. Based on these statistics, our current practice is to evaluate
      patients suspected of having DVT with a Doppler venous examination (Figure 1). If
      the test is abnormal or equivocal, contrast venography is usually obtained and
      anticoagulation recommended. Contrariwise, if the Doppler venous examination is
      normal, venography is not obtained, and anticoagulation treatment is not
      recommended. This practice should reduce the number of venograms in a patient
      population that is not at an increased risk of pulmonary embolism or repeated
      deep venous thrombosis. To evaluate the validity and safety of this practice, one
      hundred eighty-six patients with normal Doppler venous examinations in whom
      contrast venography was not obtained were evaluated and form the basis of this
      report.

PMID- 6838019
TI  - Education in angiology. Formation of a medical angiologist.
AB  - North American cardiologists, as cardiovascular subspecialists in internal
      medicine, deal with cardiac as well as vascular disease entities. Consequently,
      cardiologists are also angiologists. However, it has been reported that these
      physicians spend considerably more of their professional time dealing directly
      with cardiology rather than angiology-related problems. Such is also the case in
      Japan. Medical angiology may be too extensive a field to be the responsibility of
      cardiologists alone, although an excellent report was documented concerning of
      guidelines for training cardiovascular subspecialists in internal medicine, as
      proposed by the Council on General Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal
      Medicine. Therefore, the medical angiologist who wishes to function as a
      subspecialist for patients with vascular disease should be encouraged. Better
      trained medical angiologists should enable better treatment and management of
      related clinical disorders.

PMID- 6838020
TI  - Nasal disease: mechanisms and classification.
AB  - Nasal tissues can be affected by a greater variety of stimuli than is generally
      considered, stimuli which can produce many different diseases. The manner in
      which the nose can respond symptomatically and physically is limited so that
      symptoms and findings in different diseases frequently overlap and the conditions
      may be difficult to diagnose. An understanding of nasal diseases is only in its
      infancy. This report outlines some of these diseases and speculates about the
      presence of others. Classification of nasal disease is presented based on the
      suspected presence or absence of an immunological mechanism.

PMID- 6838022
TI  - The effect of corticosteroids on theophylline metabolism.
AB  - Because of recent reports linking elevations of serum theophylline levels to
      toxic ranges with the administration of large doses of hydrocortisone we
      undertook a study of the effect of high-dose corticosteroids on theophylline
      blood levels in normal volunteers. Seven volunteers received a sustained-release
      theophylline preparation every 12 hours until stable blood levels were achieved.
      Each subject then received during three separate eight-hour testing sessions
      intravenous boluses of either methyl prednisolone, hydrocortisone or saline.
      Theophylline levels were obtained hourly. Corticosteroids did not increase serum
      theophylline levels significantly. In fact, theophylline clearance rates on
      corticosteroids were 21% higher than on saline, p less than .02.

PMID- 6838023
TI  - Venom immunotherapy--a critical evaluation of in vitro techniques.
AB  - An immunological evaluation of 62 Hymenoptera sensitive patients, including 13
      treated with venom, was undertaken. Skin testing was more sensitive than serum
      specific IgE and total IgE was not helpful. Specific IgE did not decrease on
      therapy. Changes in specific IgG occurred in bee but not in mixed vespid treated
      patients.

PMID- 6838021
TI  - Does non-immunologic mast cell mediator release/activation elicit a late
      cutaneous response?
AB  - Early wheal responses to intracutaneous codeine injection have virtually no
      tendency to proceed to late cutaneous responses in normal subjects and patients
      with chronic urticaria. This finding is taken to indicate that the transient
      burst of mast cell mediator release/activation in a quantity sufficient to elicit
      a sizable early response may not, by itself, fulfill conditions required to lead
      to late cutaneous allergic responses. In patients with angioedema and a recent
      requirement for steroid therapy early wheals followed by small late cutaneous
      responses were elicited by codeine and histamine. This effect by histamine, not
      observed in normals, indicates a unique host susceptibility to prolonged
      responses in these individuals. The inhibition of these small late responses by
      ingested prednisone may be representative of the mechanism of therapeutic
      efficacy of the drug in these cases.

PMID- 6838024
TI  - Molds on the Southern California deserts.
AB  - Mold plate studies were done simultaneously in two Southern California desert
      communities about thirty-five miles apart. The most common molds found were
      Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Fusarium and Aspergillus. Alternaria was
      more common in the high desert (altitude 3500 feet and usually about 10 degrees F
      cooler) and Cladosporium in the low desert (altitude 470 feet). There were more
      molds in the high desert during the hot summers and more in the low desert during
      the cooler winters. Total counts were less than half of those found in a similar
      study done previously in Indianapolis, Indiana.

PMID- 6838025
TI  - Defective serum chemotactic capacity in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) chemotaxis and serum chemoattractant ability
      were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) employing the agarose
      plate technique. No statistically significant differences were observed in random
      migration of unstimulated cells compared to the controls. Moreover, there were no
      statistically significant differences between the chemotactic migration of
      control and patient cells in response to a number of non-treated sera. The
      chemotactic responsiveness of normal PMN cells to treated rheumatoid serum was
      significantly less than that observed using treated control serum with
      Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The possible explanation for this
      abnormality may be due to the presence of chemotactic inhibitors in some RA
      serum. No correlation was detected between chemoattractant activity of rheumatoid
      arthritis serum, circulating immune complexes or rheumatoid factor. There were no
      statistically significant differences in the adhesiveness of RA-PMNs compared to
      normal PMNs.

PMID- 6838026
TI  - Cold urticaria associated with infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - We have evaluated two patients with cold urticaria associated with infectious
      mononucleosis and reviewed three case reports with this syndrome. The cold
      sensitivity ranged from urticaria to anaphylaxis and one patient had additional
      cold-related cutaneous manifestations. The duration of cold urticaria was
      transient and paralleled the clinical course of infectious mononucleosis.
      Analysis of these five cases revealed no correlation of cold urticaria with known
      cold-activated factors that often occur in this viral infection.

PMID- 6838027
TI  - Marine bacteria complicating seawater near-drowning and marine wounds: a
      hypothesis.
AB  - Of the hundreds of species of bacteria in seawater, in marine sediments, and
      associated with marine organisms, more than 20 are known human pathogens. Based
      on published data, wherein a variety of marine bacteria have been cultured from
      open wounds (eg, coral cuts) and from near-drowning pneumonias, it is
      hypothesized that these bacteria can provide a primary infectious inoculation of
      open marine wounds and of the respiratory tract of near-drowners.

PMID- 6838028
TI  - Trazodone overdose.
AB  - Trazodone did not appear to be a potent respiratory depressant or cardiotoxic or
      neurotoxic agent in our cases. Further experience is needed to determine a
      recommended treatment procedure. It is not clear whether the experience with
      these two cases can be extrapolated to elderly patients, patients with serious
      physical illnesses, or cases involving larger ingestions. Additional information
      is required concerning concurrent ingestion of trazodone and alcohol or other CNS
      depressant drugs. It would appear that standard treatment including emptying of
      the stomach, activated charcoal and cathartic, and close observation to monitor
      and support the respiratory and cardiovascular systems is appropriate. These two
      case reports suggest that trazodone lacks the serious toxicity encountered with
      other antidepressant compounds when taken in large overdoses.

PMID- 6838029
TI  - Gastric rupture: an unusual complication of the esophageal obturator airway.
AB  - The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) has been used in the Jerusalem area by the
      ambulance services approximately 1,000 times in the past six years. We report an
      unusual complication of the EOA in the case of a 50-year-old man rescued from
      drowning who received both basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. He
      was ventilated by an EOA attached to an Ambu bag; however, resuscitation attempts
      were unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed gastric rupture.

PMID- 6838030
TI  - The emergency physician, the trauma surgeon, and the trauma center.

PMID- 6838032
TI  - Neural catecholamine deficiencies in the porcine stress syndrome.
AB  - A study was conducted to compare catecholamine concentrations in nervous tissues
      of stress-susceptible (SS) and stress-resistant (SR) pigs that were physically
      stressed. Ten pigs were included in each group on the basis of results of
      halothane screening tests, blood typing analysis, and examination for serum
      creatine kinase (CK) activities at 6 weeks of age. The nervous tissues analyzed
      included the substantia nigra (SN) and the caudate nucleus (CN) which were taken
      from pigs as soon as possible after death and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissues
      were radioenzymatically assayed for dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
      concentrations. The SS pigs exhibited significantly greater (P less than 0.001)
      CK activity concentrations than did those SR pigs before and after physical
      stress. Concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the CN of
      SS pigs were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those in the CN of SR
      pigs. Similarly, the SN of SS pigs had lower dopamine, norepinephrine, and
      epinephrine concentrations than did the SN of SR pigs. The catecholamine
      deficiencies observed in the porcine stress syndrome seem to have similarities
      with certain human extrapyramidal diseases.

PMID- 6838033
TI  - Potentiation of turbinate atrophy in pigs by long-term nasal colonization with
      Pasteurella multocida.

PMID- 6838031
TI  - Campylobacter hyointestinalis (new species) isolated from swine with lesions of
      proliferative ileitis.
AB  - Intestines from 48 swine with enteric disease were examined by bacteriologic
      cultural technique for the presence of various Campylobacter species.
      Histopathologic techniques were used to determine whether the submitted specimens
      had lesions of either swine proliferative ileitis or other enteric diseases.
      Three species of Campylobacter were identified as Campylobacter jejuni/coli,
      Campylobacter sputorum ss mucosalis, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis (proposed
      new species) on the basis of biochemical characteristics and response to various
      inhibitory substances. The C hyointestinalis was isolated from 18 of 27 (67%)
      swine with proliferative ileitis and from only 1 of 21 (5%) swine with other
      enteric diseases. The C sputorum ss mucosalis was obtained from 16 of 27 (59%)
      swine with proliferative ileitis and from 2 of 21 (10%) swine with other enteric
      disease. The C jejuni/coli was isolated from 2 of 27 (7%) swine with
      proliferative ileitis and from 8 of 21 (38%) swine with other enteric disease.
      The new organism, C hyointestinalis, was catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide
      positive in triple sugar iron agar, glycine tolerant, intolerant to 3.0% sodium
      chloride, able to grow at 25 C, sensitive to cephalothin, and resistant to
      nalidixic acid. On the basis of these characteristics, C hyointestinalis was
      differentiated from other campylobacters isolated from swine and from other
      sources.

PMID- 6838034
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of fasted ponies.

PMID- 6838035
TI  - Influence of antibiotics and intramammary antibiotic products on phagocytosis of
      Staphylococcus aureus by bovine leukocytes.

PMID- 6838036
TI  - Quantitative index for diagnostic surveillance of neoplasms in dogs.
AB  - The probability of detecting a neoplasm in dogs with a previous or concurrent
      tumor may not be the same as the probability of observing a first neoplasm in the
      general canine population. A population-based index was developed to quantitate
      the diagnostic surveillance of tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing dogs. The index
      was derived from each dog's excess submissions defined as the difference between
      the number of tissues submitted for microscopic examination during a dog's
      registration and the number of confirmed neoplasms derived from the submissions.
      Based on this index, 14.2% of additional tumors diagnosed in dogs already bearing
      at least one tumor could be attributed to a difference in the excess submission
      measure of diagnostic surveillance. This difference in diagnostic surveillance
      was constant over breed, sex, and tumor type.

PMID- 6838037
TI  - Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: effects of solubilizing agents on
      the immunologic properties of membrane vesicles.
AB  - Membrane vesicles from lysed suspensions of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida
      were treated with various solubilizing agents to release protein that may contain
      cross-protection factor. Potassium thiocyanate, NaOH-glycine, lithium
      diiodosalicylate, guanidine hydrochloride, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Triton
      X-100, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate were each tested as solubilizing agents.
      Vaccines made from combining solubilized membrane vesicles with complete lysate
      supernatant fluid produced various degrees of protection against challenge
      exposure with a heterologous serotype of P multocida in turkeys. Only vaccines
      prepared from membranes that were solubilized with potassium thiocyanate and
      sodium lauryl sarcosinate protected as well as complete lysate from turkey-grown
      P multocida. The amount of protein in each vaccine did not relate to protection.
      Distinct chemical differences were observed between lysates prepared from turkey
      grown P multocida and lysates prepared from 41 C broth-grown P multocida. The
      external morphology of P multocida, after treatment with lysozyme and EDTA, was
      similar whether grown in broth or in turkeys.

PMID- 6838038
TI  - Characterization of antigens from mycoplasmas of animal origin.
AB  - Alcholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M mycoides subsp mycoides, M
      agalactiae, M bovirhinis, mycoplasmal strain ST-6, and culture medium were
      compared with M bovis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gel
      electrophoresis-derived ELISA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis indicated there were areas of homology and areas of heterology
      among the species tested. Sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with the mycoplasma
      organisms and noninoculated culture medium demonstrated ELISA reactivity with M
      bovis antigens immobilized on polystyrene. Absorption of the serum from a rabbit
      hyperimmunized with M bovis reduced 65.9% of its reactivity with culture medium,
      29.7% to 32.7% of its reactivity with the heterologous species, and 21.1% of its
      reactivity with the homologous species. Gel electrophoresis-derived ELISA
      performed on immobilized M bovis antigens separated by molecular weight, using
      sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with the mycoplasmal species under study and
      noninoculated culture medium revealed antigenic components which are shared among
      species or with the culture medium and several components which may be unique to
      M bovis.

PMID- 6838039
TI  - Cortical averaged evoked potentials produced by pudendal nerve stimulation in
      dogs.
AB  - Averaged evoked potentials were recorded from the scalp of 22 dogs after
      repetitive stimulation of the pudendal nerve. Four experimental procedures were
      used: (1) percutaneous needle-stimulating electrodes with dogs tranquilized with
      xylazine; (2) percutaneous needle-stimulating electrodes with dogs tranquilized
      with acepromazine; (3) percutaneous needle-stimulating electrodes with dogs
      anesthetized with alpha-chloralose; and (4) Sherrington type stimulating
      electrodes applied directly to nerves with dogs anesthetized with alpha
      chloralose. The average evoked potentials were similar with all treatments. Three
      peaks (N1, P1, and N2) with consistent latency and amplitude were generally
      present, followed by additional peaks with variable latencies and amplitudes. The
      mean latency for N1 after direct stimulation was significantly longer than the
      mean latency for N1 in the 3 other groups (95% confidence intervals). There were
      no other significant differences in mean latencies among groups for any of the
      peaks.

PMID- 6838040
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on vascular damage and myointimal proliferation in
      canine pulmonary arteries subjected to chronic injury by Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - The effect of aspirin (ASA) on pulmonary artery response to chronic injury
      induced by Dirofilaria immitis was assessed in the dog. Eight dogs were studied
      for 30 days after adult heartworms were transplanted into the pulmonary arteries.
      Four dogs were treated with ASA (325 mg/day given orally) starting 3 days before
      the transplantation was done. Evan's blue dye was used to locate areas of
      vascular damage. Vascular morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy
      and light microscopy. According to results of the morphologic studies, nontreated
      dogs had extensive endothelial damage and significant adhesion of leukocytes and
      blood platelets. Blood vessels of ASA-treated dogs had less endothelial damage.
      Platelet adhesion on areas of vascular damage was less than that observed in
      nontreated dogs. Myointimal proliferative lesions were observed in both
      nontreated and ASA-treated dogs. However, the lesions in nontreated dogs were
      larger (means 68 +/- 7 mm2) and more complex than those in ASA-treated dogs
      (means 20 +/- 1 mm2). The results indicated that aspirin may protect against
      development of myointimal proliferation resulting from chronic vascular injury.
      The mechanism of the ASA protection may result from a combination of antiplatelet
      and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as a direct protective effect on vascular
      endothelium.

PMID- 6838041
TI  - Effect of inspired air heat and humidification on anesthetic-induced hypothermia
      in dogs.
AB  - Dogs were evaluated for efficacy of inspired air heating and humidification in
      maintenance of body temperature during general anesthesia. Three separate trials
      were conducted: (i) a control group without thermal support (n = 5), (ii) a group
      supported only by a heated humidifier device placed in the inspiratory limb of an
      anesthesia circle delivery system (n = 7), and (iii) a group supported by
      combination of inspired air humidification and recirculating water blanket (n =
      7). A significant difference (P greater than 0.4) was not noticed in temperature
      changes between control and humidifier-supported groups. A significant advantage
      (P less than 0.05) was noticed between the combined support and the humidifier or
      control groups. Seemingly, during general anesthesia, use of combined thermal
      support is significantly better than airway humidification for maintenance of
      normothermia in the dog.

PMID- 6838042
TI  - Comparative ultrastructural study of normal, adenomatous, carcinomatous, and
      hyperplastic cells of canine hepatoid circumanal gland.
AB  - Transmission electron and light microscopy studies were carried out on
      morphologic characteristics of cellular organelles of normal and different
      neoplastic cells of hepatoid circumanal glands of 16 dogs. The ultrastructural
      features of the reserve and transitional cells in the adenomas and carcinomas are
      highly suggestive of different carcinogenic stimuli for each form of hepatoid
      circumanal gland neoplasm. The reserve cells, in response to the carcinogenic
      stimuli, appear to be growing at the expense of the degenerating glandular cells.

PMID- 6838043
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities after Aelurostrongylus
      abstrusus inoculation in cats.
AB  - Bronchial and focal alveolar lung disease was present in cats 3 to 6 weeks after
      Aelurostrongylus inoculation. More generalized alveolar lung disease was seen
      during first-stage larval production 5 to 21 weeks after inoculation. Bronchial
      and interstitial disease entities were seen on radiographs after partial
      resolution of alveolar disease. These changes were observed 17 to 40 weeks after
      inoculation.

PMID- 6838044
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding (in vitro) of oxytetracycline in
      buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline given in a single dose (22 mg/kg) either
      IV or IM was studied in 4 female buffalo calves. The half-life (t1/2) after IV
      administration varied between 169.02 and 216.56 minutes and that after IM
      administration, between 630 and 990 minutes. The drug was distributed well in the
      body after IM administration (Vdarea 1.18 to 2.15 L/kg). The total body
      clearances varied between 1.02 and 1.45 and between 1.17 and 1.49 ml/kg/min after
      the IV and the Im dosings, respectively. It has been proposed that
      oxytetracycline is excreted mainly by glomerular filtration in the buffalo
      species, but tubular reabsorption also may have a small part. About 42% of the
      drug was bound to plasma proteins at concentrations of 2 to 20 micrograms of
      oxytetracycline/ml. The drug dosage schedules to maintain serum levels of 0.5, 1,
      2, and 5 micrograms/ml also are determined.

PMID- 6838045
TI  - Reliability of single-sample phosphorus fractional excretion determination as a
      measure of daily phosphorus renal clearance in equids.
AB  - In 4 healthy horses and 1 Welsh pony, fractional renal excretions of phosphorus
      (FEp) determined from 9 hourly time collections taken over a 24-hour period were
      compared to assess whether a single-sample collection would be an accurate
      indicator of the daily FEp. The mean FEp for each animal varied from 0.115% to
      0.302%; the 2 animals with the highest values were significantly different (P
      less than 0.05) from the 3 with the lowest values. Individual variation within
      animals was not great, however, because it was calculated that the 24-hour FEp
      value could be found within +/- 0.087% of the single sample value 95% of the time
      in a given animal.

PMID- 6838046
TI  - Selection criteria for long-term oxygen.

PMID- 6838047
TI  - Early effects of oxygen administration and prognosis in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for predicting survival and
      clinical improvement with long-term domiciliary home oxygen therapy (LTDO2) in
      patients with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale
      (CP). Twenty-eight such patients were divided into 2 groups, responders (R) and
      nonresponders (NR), on the basis of the fall in their mean pulmonary artery
      pressure (delta PAP) while breathing 28% O2 for 24 h. The R(n = 17) and NR (n =
      11) had delta PAP greater than and lesser than 5 mmHg, respectively. Eighty-eight
      percent of the R, but only 22% of the NR, were alive at the end of 2 yr of LTDO2.
      Eighty-five percent of R, but only 11% of NR, achieved an end-exercise maximal
      oxygen consumption (max VO2) greater than 6.5 ml min-1 kg-1. Left ventricular
      ejection fraction improved while breathing O2 for 48 h in the R only. The NR and
      R were similar in all other respects. We conclude that delta PAP greater than 5
      mmHg and/or max VO2 6.5 ml min-1 kg-1 or greater predict 2-yr survival with LTDO2
      in patients with COPD and CP, and it can be useful in planning their management.

PMID- 6838048
TI  - Theophylline disposition in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The disposition of intravenously and orally administered theophylline was
      compared in 10 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 10 healthy volunteers. The
      mean total body clearance of the patients with CF was twice that of the control
      subjects (p less than 0.001). The volume of distribution of theophylline was also
      greater in the patients with CF (p less than 0.05). These observations indicate
      that if theophylline is used in patients with CF, doses larger than those
      commonly given to asthmatics may be required to maintain therapeutic serum
      concentrations.

PMID- 6838049
TI  - Diaphragm function after upper abdominal surgery in humans.
AB  - Patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery characteristically develop changes in
      lung function and are liable to develop atelectasis in the lower lobes. We
      studied 15 patients to assess lung function and, in particular, diaphragm
      function in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Postoperatively, forced
      expiratory volume in one second and vital capacity decreased in all patients. The
      alveolar-arterial oxygen difference widened in the 10 patients in whom it was
      measured. Chest roentgenograms demonstrated patchy atelectasis in 9 of the 10
      patients in whom films were obtained. There was a significant reduction in tidal
      volume with no change in minute ventilation immediately postoperatively.
      Diaphragm function was assessed by: changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure swings
      during quiet tidal breathing, the ratio of changes in gastric to esophogeal
      pressure swings, and the ratio of changes in abdominal to rib cage diameters. The
      results showed a significant decrease in changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure
      and the ratio of changes in gastric to esophogeal pressure swings in the
      postoperative period. In the 4 patients studied with magnetometers, there was a
      reduction in the ratio of changes in abdominal to rib cage diameters in all
      patients. These data indicate reduced diaphragm activity in the postoperative
      period, with a shift from predominantly abdominal to rib cage breathing. There
      was a reversal toward normal function by 24 h. This reduction in diaphragm
      function may be responsible for the atelectasis, reduced vital capacity, and
      hypoxemia in postoperative patients.

PMID- 6838050
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension and cirrhosis: are they related?
AB  - The relationship of primary pulmonary hypertension to longstanding portal
      hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis was examined. An unselected series of
      17,901 autopsied patients older than 1 yr of age showed that primary pulmonary
      hypertension occurred with a prevalence of 0.13% in all patients, but with a
      prevalence of 0.73% among patients with cirrhosis (p less than 0.001). A clinical
      series of 2,459 patients with biopsy-proved hepatic cirrhosis showed a prevalence
      of primary pulmonary hypertension of 0.61%, also significant (p less than 0.001)
      when compared with the prevalence among all patients older than 1 yr of age at
      autopsy. These data appear to exclude a coincidental association of cirrhosis
      with the development of the vascular lesions of primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 6838051
TI  - Epidemiologic health study of workers in an aluminum smelter in British Columbia.
      Effects on the respiratory system.
AB  - A health survey was carried out on all white males in an aluminum smelter in
      British Columbia. The survey consisted of a medical-occupational questionnaire,
      spirometry, chest radiography, and environmental monitoring. We have compared the
      results of a respiratory survey in 713 workers in the office and casting
      department with no significant exposure to air contaminants (control workers)
      with those of 797 potroom workers: 495 who spent more than 50% of their working
      time in the potroom (high exposure) and 302 workers who spent less than 50% of
      their working time in the potroom (medium exposure). Potroom workers (high) had a
      significantly greater prevalence of cough and wheeze than did those in the
      control group, and they had significantly lower mean forced expiratory volume in
      one second and maximal midexpiratory flow rate than did those in the control
      group after adjustment had been made for differences in age, height, and smoking
      habits. Potroom workers (medium) had a slightly greater prevalence of respiratory
      symptoms and lower lung function than did workers in the control group, but the
      differences were not significant. We were unable to demonstrate potroom asthma.
      The levels of total fluoride, gaseous fluoride, particulate fluoride, sulphur
      dioxide, and total particulates found in the potroom at the time of the study
      were below the currently accepted threshold limit values, but the levels of benzo
      alpha-pyrene were high.

PMID- 6838052
TI  - Asbestos fiber content of the lungs in patients with and without asbestos airways
      disease.
AB  - I analyzed the total pulmonary asbestos burden in the lungs of 9 chrysotile
      miners who had asbestos airways disease (so-called "early asbestosis") but no
      evidence of classic asbestosis (interstitial fibrosis) on pathologic examination.
      The results were compared with values found for 9 miners matched for age, sex,
      smoking, and work length who had no histologic evidence of asbestosis or asbestos
      airways disease. The mean value for chrysotile fibers in the airway disease group
      was 47 X 10(6)/g dried lung, compared with 23 X 10(6) in the group without
      lesions (p less than 0.04). For contaminant amphiboles, probably derived from the
      chrysotile ore (tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite), the corresponding values
      were 106 X 10(6) versus 58 X 10(6) (p less than 0.06), and for total asbestos
      fibers, 153 X 10(6) versus 81 X 10(6) (p less than 0.06). There was a strong
      correlation between amount of chrysotile and amphibole for each case, suggesting
      that the amphibole was probably a good measure of the original (but no longer
      present) chrysotile burden. No differences were seen between the 2 groups with
      regard to fiber size distribution, aspect ratios, or fiber widths. I conclude
      that the overall differences in fiber concentration between the 2 groups,
      although significant, are sufficiently small enough to suggest that other factors
      may be involved in the genesis of small airway lesions.

PMID- 6838053
TI  - Morphology of peripheral airways in current smokers and ex-smokers.
AB  - To investigate the effect of smoking status on pulmonary function and pathologic
      changes in the peripheral airways, we studied 97 patients who underwent
      thoracotomy for coin lesions. The patients were divided into 4 groups: nonsmokers
      (n = 9), current smokers (n = 51), and those who had ceased smoking for less than
      (n = 18) or more than (n = 19) 2 yr prior to surgery. We found that current
      smokers had evidence of air-flow obstruction with abnormal lung volumes when
      compared with nonsmokers. Ex-smokers had lung volumes similar to those of
      nonsmokers, but showed evidence of obstruction, with the FEV1/FVC between the
      values found for nonsmokers and current smokers. Examination of the small airways
      showed that the membranous bronchioles of current smokers and ex-smokers
      displayed only increased goblet cell metaplasia when compared with those in
      nonsmokers; the respiratory bronchioles of current and ex-smokers showed
      increases in intraluminal and airway wall inflammatory cells, wall fibrosis, and
      pigment deposition. We conclude that patients who currently smoke cigarettes have
      reduced lung function that is associated with abnormalities of airway structure.
      Although those who have stopped smoking have function that is closer to the
      nonsmoking group, there is no apparent difference in structural change between
      current and ex-smokers.

PMID- 6838054
TI  - Nitrofurantoin: evidence for the oxidant injury of lung parenchymal cells.
AB  - Nitrofurantoin, a commonly used urinary antiseptic, is associated with
      significant pulmonary toxicity. This study used a 51Cr rat lung explant
      cytotoxicity assay to demonstrate that nitrofurantoin (10(-3) M), when incubated
      with lung parenchymal cells for 12 h at 37 degrees C, resulted in significant
      lung cell injury (cytotoxic index of 43 +/- 2). This injury could be reduced (p
      less than 0.05) by several antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, 300 U/ml
      (37 +/- 2); catalase, 1,100 U/ml (27 +/- 2); alpha tocopherol, 10 micrograms/ml
      (30 +/- 2); ascorbic acid 50 micrograms/ml (37 +/- 2); ethanol, 0.1% (35 +/- 2);
      dimethyl sulfoxide, 1.0% (37 +/- 2). Additionally, the nitrofurantoin-induced
      injury could be accelerated in the presence of hyperoxia (95% O2) from 45 +/- 2
      to 62 +/- 1, p less than 0.01. These data suggest that nitrofurantoin can
      directly injure lung parenchymal cells, probably through oxidant mechanisms, and
      this might suggest alternative approaches in the evaluation and therapy of
      patients with this disorder.

PMID- 6838055
TI  - Fluoroscopic and computed tomographic features of the pharyngeal airway in
      obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Because it has been suggested that patients with obstructive sleep apnea have a
      narrower pharyngeal airway than normal persons, we performed lateral fluoroscopy
      and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the pharynx in patients with this
      syndrome. Fluoroscopy in 6 sleeping patients showed that the obstruction always
      began during inspiration when the soft palate touched the tongue and posterior
      pharyngeal wall. The CT scans in 9 awake subjects demonstrated that the narrowest
      section of the airway in patients and in control subjects was the region
      posterior to the soft palate. The cross-sectional area of this region was
      significantly narrower in patients than it was in control subjects (p less than
      0.001). Because a narrow airway would be more likely to collapse during
      inspiration than a normal one would (Bernoulli's Principle), we conclude that the
      narrow airways we observed in awake patients may be an important contributing
      factor in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 6838056
TI  - Cheese worker's hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
AB  - A patient employed in a plant where blue cheese was manufactured developed
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis to Pencillium roqueforti. Symptoms of cough,
      dyspnea, and malaise, and findings of bibasilar crackles, reduced lung volumes,
      hypoxemia, and bilateral infiltrates on chest roentgenogram, resolved after she
      left the workplace. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a high percentage of
      lymphocytes. Antibody to P. roqueforti was demonstrated in serum and lavage
      fluid. To our knowledge this case represents a new occurrence of hypersensitivity
      lung disease in the cheese manufacturing industry in the United States.

PMID- 6838057
TI  - Eosinophilic pneumonia and atypical mycobacterial infection.
AB  - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a relatively uncommon condition associated with
      fever, malaise, weight loss, dyspnea, and hypoxia. The chest radiograph displays
      peripheral air-space consolidation, often referred to as the negative of
      pulmonary edema. The characteristic pathologic findings in the lung include
      marked accumulation of eosinophils in the alveolar spaces, often with the
      formation of eosinophilic abscesses. We report the history and pathologic
      findings in a patient who fit the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features
      of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, but who went on to develop cavitary atypical
      mycobacterial infection and died. We believe that this case represents an unusual
      response to an atypical mycobacterial infection.

PMID- 6838058
TI  - Central sleep apnea in hypothyroidism.
AB  - This is a report of a 45-yr-old male patient who developed central sleep apnea
      syndrome because of hypothyroidism. In response to L-thyroxine therapy, the
      patient became euthyroid, and the apneic phenomenon disappeared. Previous reports
      have suggested that hypothyroidism can produce obstructive sleep apnea from
      either narrowing of the upper airway secondary to deposition of
      mucopolysaccharides and protein extravasation into the tissues or from
      abnormalities in ventilatory control. The present patient did demonstrate
      evidence of profound dysfunction of his respiratory control center: before
      therapy, the patient manifested blunted ventilatory and occlusion pressure
      responses to hypoxia and normal responsiveness to hypercapnia; after therapy,
      hypoxic responsiveness was restored and the ventilatory response to hypercapnia
      doubled. Hypothyroidism should be included in the differential diagnosis of
      central sleep apnea.

PMID- 6838059
TI  - Periodic breathing and sleep apnea.

PMID- 6838061
TI  - Bronchodilator drug administration.

PMID- 6838060
TI  - Hypoxemia and O2 therapy.

PMID- 6838063
TI  - 1983 Annual Meeting. Abstracts. May 8-11, Kansas City. American Thoracic Society,
      Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

PMID- 6838062
TI  - Acute life threatening respiratory failure due to multinodular goiter.

PMID- 6838065
TI  - Alienation and alcohol: the role of work, mastery, and community in drinking
      behavior.

PMID- 6838064
TI  - A spatial autocorrelation model of the effects of population density on
      fertility.

PMID- 6838067
TI  - Staphylococcus epidermidis causing prosthetic valve endocarditis: microbiologic
      and clinical observations as guides to therapy.
AB  - Seventy-five episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis from Staphylococcus
      epidermidis were studied retrospectively. Methicillin-resistant isolates caused
      53 (87%) of 61 infections occurring within 1 year of surgery but only two of the
      nine after 1 year (p less than 0.001). Resistance to methicillin was heterogeneic
      and extended to the cephalosporins. Of 55 isolates, 43 (78%) were susceptible to
      gentamicin and all to vancomycin and rifampin. In 55 patients, prosthetic valve
      endocarditis was complicated by tissue invasion or valve dysfunction. Among these
      55 patients, 30 of the 32 who were cured needed surgery. Prosthetic valve
      endocarditis from methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis was cured in 21 of 26
      patients treated with vancomycin and 10 of 20 treated with beta-lactam antibiotic
      therapy (p = 0.055). Cure rates of patients treated with vancomycin but not beta
      lactam antibiotics were increased by the addition of rifampin or gentamicin to
      therapy. Prosthetic valve endocarditis from methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis
      should be treated with vancomycin plus rifampin, or an aminoglycoside. Surgical
      intervention is important in treating complications of prosthetic valve
      endocarditis.

PMID- 6838066
TI  - Aging, values, and rewards: explaining age differences in job satisfaction.

PMID- 6838068
TI  - Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of clindamycin was compared with that of penicillin in a
      randomized study of the treatment of community-acquired putrid lung abscess.
      After starting therapy, patients treated with clindamycin had a shorter febrile
      period and fewer days of fetid sputum than patients treated with penicillin (mean
      4.4 versus 7.6 days and 4.2 versus 8.0 days, respectively, p less than 0.05).
      Four of 20 patients treated with penicillin had clinically significant pulmonary
      or pleural extension of their infection within 10 days after starting therapy;
      this was not found in any of 19 patients treated with clindamycin (p less than
      0.05). Penicillin treatment failed in two additional patients after 20 days of
      therapy. Within 1 month after treatment, 1 of 4 patients given penicillin for 3
      weeks had relapse, but none of the 13 patients given clindamycin for 3 or 6
      weeks, and none of the 5 patients given penicillin for 6 weeks had relapse.
      Overall, only 8 of 15 patients treated with penicillin who could be followed to
      the end of the study were cured, whereas all 13 patients treated with clindamycin
      who could be followed were cured (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that
      penicillin may not be optimal therapy for anaerobic lung abscess.

PMID- 6838069
TI  - Hyposplenism in primary systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - Twenty-two of 91 (24%) patients with primary systemic amyloidosis were
      functionally hyposplenic. This group, identified by blood smear findings, had a
      different survival distribution when compared with a normosplenic group (p less
      than 0.0001). The peripheral blood smear was more sensitive than the splenic scan
      for a diagnosis of hyposplenism. Amyloidosis should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of acquired hyposplenism in the adult.

PMID- 6838071
TI  - The osmolal gap in renal failure.

PMID- 6838070
TI  - Beclomethasone diproprionate for severe asthma during pregnancy.
AB  - The safety of using inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of
      severe asthma during pregnancy was evaluated during 45 pregnancies in 40 women.
      Despite chronic administration of theophylline and, in some women, ephedrine, the
      asthma was so severe that corticosteroids were essential to prevent emergency
      room visits and status asthmaticus. At conception, beclomethasone dipropionate
      was being used regularly during 38 pregnancies and was initiated during the first
      trimester in 4 other pregnancies. The range of beclomethasone dipropionate
      inhalations was 4 to 16/d with a mean of 9.5/d (336 micrograms). Prednisone
      administration was necessary during 37 pregnancies. Status asthmaticus occurred
      in five women but no mothers or fetuses died. Cardiac malformations occurred in
      an infant born to a woman who was diabetic and schizophrenic whose pregnancy was
      complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis and status asthmaticus. It is not known
      whether beclomethasone dipropionate was the cause of these malformations. The
      prevalence of congenital malformations (1 of 43 live births) is within the normal
      range and shows that treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate is safe during
      pregnancy when recommended doses are used.

PMID- 6838072
TI  - Anomalous serum digoxin concentrations in uremia.

PMID- 6838074
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 6838073
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in medicine.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are now finding exciting new
      noninvasive applications in medicine. There are two major approaches. The first
      is as an analytical technique using 31P NMR spectroscopy for the identification
      and quantitation of the more abundant phosphate metabolites in various tissues.
      Changes in the levels of these metabolites and in intracellular cytoplasmic pH
      can be followed in various ischemic and hypoxic conditions to monitor metabolic
      response to stress situations and to diagnose inborn errors of metabolism. The
      second major approach is an entirely different application of NMR techniques and
      uses 1H, the nucleus most abundant in biological tissues, largely in water and
      fats, to produce NMR images of any section of the body. By applying non-uniform
      magnetic fields across a section of the body, hydrogen nuclei in different
      elemental volumes in the section are tagged with different frequencies and their
      signals can be processed to give an image of the section. In contrast to computed
      tomographic scanning, NMR has particularly powerful application in the imaging of
      soft tissues.

PMID- 6838075
TI  - Delta agent and hepatitis B.

PMID- 6838076
TI  - Penicillin or clindamycin for primary lung abscess?

PMID- 6838077
TI  - Meperidine and central neurotoxicity.

PMID- 6838079
TI  - Lung disease in cotton textile workers.

PMID- 6838078
TI  - In Zambia: doing more with less.

PMID- 6838080
TI  - Postpartum pleural effusions.

PMID- 6838081
TI  - Metoclopramide and edema.

PMID- 6838082
TI  - An immunologic basis for annular skin lesions.

PMID- 6838083
TI  - Hepatitis B markers among Michigan prisoners.

PMID- 6838084
TI  - Naloxone and septic shock.

PMID- 6838086
TI  - Smoking, hot and cold drinks, pulse, and temperature.

PMID- 6838085
TI  - The toxic shock syndrome and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins.

PMID- 6838087
TI  - Serologic tests for histoplasmosis.

PMID- 6838088
TI  - Transdermal scopolamine and toxic psychosis.

PMID- 6838089
TI  - The medical-literature system: gold or gold-plated?

PMID- 6838090
TI  - Pigmentary glaucoma: a self-limited entity?

PMID- 6838091
TI  - Vision in strabismus.

PMID- 6838092
TI  - Anaerobic orbital cellulitis.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy with orbital cellulitis died seven weeks after admission to the
      hospital despite intensive surgical intervention and medical therapy. We isolated
      many anaerobic bacteria from the orbit, frontal sinus, and epidural space.
      Orbital cellulitis, which often occurs by direct extension from infected
      paranasal sinuses, commonly affects children and young adults, and is a
      potentially lethal disease, if left untreated. Heightened awareness of the role
      of anaerobes in chronic sinusitis and of the possibility of an anaerobic orbital
      cellulitis may lead to the identification of more cases. Penicillin G appears to
      be the first drug of choice in cases with suspected anaerobic orbital cellulitis.
      Chloramphenicol and clindamycin should be considered, if treatment with
      penicillin fails. Antibiotics alone should not be considered as a panacea, and
      surgical drainage is often the most compelling consideration.

PMID- 6838093
TI  - Cortisol in diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Plasma cortisol levels and its metabolite-17-hydroxycorticosteroids from the
      urine of 53 patients were evaluated. These 53 patients had early and late stages
      of diabetic retinopathy. Values were compared with 30 cases of a control group.
      Plasma cortisol was found to be raised significantly in early as well as in
      advanced stages of retinopathy, while 17-hydroxycorticosteroid was significantly
      raised in earlier stages of diabetic retinopathy only. The findings suggest that
      increased plasma cortisol levels may take some part in the production of diabetic
      retinopathy.

PMID- 6838094
TI  - A study in tucking extraocular muscles to correct strabismus.
AB  - The performance of the tucking operation is easy when one compares its technique
      and method with the same features of resecting an extraocular muscle. This
      procedure may be performed readily within any surgical setting, with any
      assistant, without regard for suture composition, and with little doubt of
      success. The outcome must include a determination on the part of the surgeon to
      reach a consistently reproducible standard in his surgery. The standard chosen
      for this study was to achieve orthotropia, with stereoscopic fusion expressible
      in seconds of arc, if possible. As part of this study, the technique of tucking a
      horizontal rectus muscle is illustrated and a body of data is discussed in an
      attempt to correlate and express these goals.

PMID- 6838095
TI  - Cystoid macular edema following laser iridotomy.

PMID- 6838096
TI  - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and keratitis associated with malignant
      thymoma.
AB  - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a rare skin condition that may be associated
      with immunologic defects, failure of the endocrine system, or a neoplasm,
      especially thymoma. Ocular findings are rare. Our patients, a middle-aged man,
      had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in conjunction with an aggressive malignant
      thymoma. He was initially seen with recurrent Candida keratitis and subsequently
      had Candida esophagitis and a polymicrobial lung abscess. The skin, nail, mucous
      membrane, and conjunctival involvement responded to oral ketoconazole therapy.
      This syndrome consists of at least five groups, and various pathogenetic
      mechanisms and therapeutic agents have been proposed.

PMID- 6838097
TI  - Bilateral blindness due to necrotizing scleritis in a case of Wegener's
      granulomatosis.

PMID- 6838098
TI  - Endolymphatic sac surgery for Meniere's disease.
AB  - An endolymphatic-mastoid Silastic shunt procedure was performed in 122 cases of
      Meniere's disease having a mean follow-up period of three years. In accordance
      with American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 1972 criteria, there
      were 43% class A, 20% class B, 21% class C, and 17% class D results. Analysis of
      35 recent cases having a mean follow-up period of nine months revealed 57% class
      A, 25% class B, 9% class C, and 9% class D results. Sixteen percent of the
      patients who experienced classes A, B or C results complained of other
      fluctuating symptoms which were not relieved by surgery. Moreover, three new
      cases of otolithic crisis were found in the postoperative group. Seven of ten
      patients who experienced a class A or B result had either a recrudescence of
      their vertigo or a significant decrement in hearing in response to a
      postoperative salt-loading test. It is concluded that the surgical success rate
      decreases with time and that the procedure appears to alter the symptom complex
      but does not cure Meniere's disease.

PMID- 6838099
TI  - Auditory brainstem response with high stimulus rates in normal and patient
      populations.
AB  - Normative data were collected on 48 subjects to determine the effects of
      increasing stimulus rates on the auditory brainstem response. These subjects were
      then compared to 221 patients referred for otoneurologic evaluation. The 90
      patients with impaired auditory sensitivity demonstrated significantly less wave
      V latency shift than either the 131 patients with normal auditory sensitivity or
      the normal subjects. The incidence of abnormal wave V latency shift was 12% in
      the patients with normal auditory sensitivity and 8% in the patients with
      impaired auditory sensitivity. The high stimulus rate was often the only ABR
      parameter indicative of brainstem involvement in patients with documented CNS
      pathology. The authors conclude that a high stimulus rate contributes to the
      diagnosis of brainstem pathology often enough to warrant its routine use.

PMID- 6838100
TI  - Epidermoid cysts of the vocal cords.
AB  - Fifty-three cases of intracordal epidermoid cysts diagnosed, treated and followed
      from 1972 to 1981 are presented. In the clinical evaluation, special attention
      must be paid to the type of dysphonia and morphology of the vocal cords at
      indirect laryngoscopy. The epidermoid cyst is not easily visualized and the
      examiner must take into account signs like "monochorditis," slight bulging,
      unilateral nodule and diminished or abolished vibrations of one of the cords at
      stroboscopy. Microsurgical excision followed by voice therapy is the recommended
      treatment. The pathogenesis of these cysts is still speculative. Two theories are
      discussed: the traumatic theory and the dysembryoplastic theory.

PMID- 6838101
TI  - Pathology of jugular foramen neurofibroma.
AB  - Tumors of jugular foramen may closely resemble glomus jugulare tumors clinically
      and radiographically. A tissue diagnosis is necessary to make a differentiation
      of these tumors. This conclusion is supported by the findings in a temporal bone
      from a patient who was diagnosed clinically as having a glomus jugulare tumor 57
      years before her death at the age of 84 years. Compression of the 7th and 8th
      cranial nerves in the internal auditory canal and the 10th and 11th cranial
      nerves at the jugular foramen represents the mechanism of neural signs produced
      by a neurofibroma arising in the jugulare foramen. This case further demonstrates
      that conservative treatment of benign extradural tumors may be compatible with a
      long and useful life.

PMID- 6838102
TI  - Temporal bone findings in cases of salt water drowning.
AB  - The otologic literature contains no description of the histopathological features
      of temporal bones of persons who perished in drowning accidents. Three temporal
      bones from two fatal cases of drowning were studied in serial sections. Two
      temporal bones were from a man aged 31 years who collapsed after scuba diving and
      died three days later. One temporal bone was from a 32-year-old man, serving in
      the navy, who drove his car, probably accidentally, into the sea and drowned in
      it. Histopathological findings appeared to be similar in the two cases. Diffuse
      hemorrhage was evident throughout the middle ear and inner ear. The tympanic and
      round window membranes appeared to be intact although hemorrhage had occurred
      within the tissue layers of the membranes. This finding contrasts with
      observations of ruptured membranes by other investigators.

PMID- 6838105
TI  - Diagnostic significance of transtympanic electrocochleography in Meniere's
      disease.
AB  - Transtympanic electrocochleography (ECoG) was performed on 32 normal ears, 40
      ears affected by hair cell damage without any evidence of endolymphatic hydrops
      (sensory damage) and 44 ears affected by established Meniere's disease. The
      amplitude of the summating potential (SP) and the amplitude of the action
      potential (AP) were measured at a click stimulus intensity level of 100 dB HL.
      The SP amplitude was expressed as a percentage of the AP amplitude. In normal
      ears, the mean SP/AP ratio was 25% (range 10%-63%). In sensory damage, the SP/AP
      ratio was 13% (range 0%-29%), and in Meniere's ears, the SP/AP ratio was 51%
      (range 29%-89%). In this series, an SP/AP ratio of 29% provided a diagnostic
      dividing mark between the sensory damage and Meniere's-affected ears. Although
      this precise division was probably fortuitous, it does suggest that ECoG is a
      useful tool in the differential diagnosis of these two types of cochlear
      disorders.

PMID- 6838103
TI  - Vocal fatigue.

PMID- 6838104
TI  - Nystagmus of paroxysmal positional vertigo.
AB  - During attacks of paroxysmal positional vertigo in 12 patients, nystagmus in
      different gaze positions was observed visually and recorded by electronystagraphy
      (eyes open, fixating). Visually observed eye movement was similar in all cases,
      with oblique (upward and horizontal) and rotatory (clockwise during leftward
      movement) components in fast phase; rotation dominated on ipsilateral gaze
      (toward the lower ear) and oblique movement dominated on contralateral gaze.
      However, ENG recordings showed greater variability and were often inconsistent
      with visual observation; the horizontal component often reversed with change in
      gaze position, and dissociated eye movements, as well as down-beating nystagmus,
      were sometimes seen. More sophisticated measurement and strict attention to gaze
      position is required to resolve these discrepancies.

PMID- 6838106
TI  - Mesodermal induction defect as a possible cause of ear malformations.
AB  - Deafness due to inner ear anomalies is rarely associated with malformations of
      the auricles. We describe two brothers with profound congenital sensorineural
      deafness, abnormal vestibular function, normal ossicles, and delayed motor
      development. Since the external and inner ear originate from distinctly separate
      structures, the embryogenesis of this malformation association is less clear than
      in the more common association of external and middle anomalies, where the latter
      two structures are derived from the first and second branchial arches. The
      combination of auricular and inner ear anomalies, with sparing of the middle ear
      structures, can be explained on the assumption that mesodermal induction is
      responsible for normal differentiation of both the otocyst and of the branchial
      arch ectoderm. A recessive mutant gene may lead to a deficiency of a mesodermal
      inducer substance of a target tissue receptor site. A similar mechanism may be
      involved in other multiple malformation syndromes, whereby a mutant gene acting
      during a specific period of organogenesis causes disruption of the normal
      induction-competence relationship.

PMID- 6838107
TI  - Eye movements in cerebellar and combined cerebellobrainstem diseases.
AB  - We report a quantitative analysis of eye movement disturbances in patients with
      isolated cerebellar disorders and patients with cerebellar disorders and
      concomitant brainstem involvement. The most characteristic abnormalities in the
      exclusively cerebellar patients were increased velocities of the slow phases of
      vestibular nystagmus induced by rotation in the dark and increased peak
      velocities of the fast phases of optokinetic nystagmus induced by full-field
      optokinetic stimuli. Dysmetria of saccades was found in three of six cerebellar
      patients and gaze nystagmus in all six patients. The typical findings in the
      combined cerebellobrainstem group were reduced peak velocities of voluntary
      saccades, defective smooth pursuit and reduced peak velocities of the fast
      component of nystagmus during rotation in both the dark and light. All patients
      with combined cerebellobrainstem disorder had dysmetric voluntary saccades and
      gaze nystagmus. The numbers of superimposed saccades during smooth pursuit were
      uniformly increased. Release of inhibition in cerebellar disorders may explain
      the hyperresponsiveness and inaccuracy of eye movements found in this study. In
      addition, when lesions also involve the brainstem, however, integrative centers
      coding eye velocity are affected, leading to slow and inaccurate eye movements.
      These features elicited clinically may be useful in the diagnosis of cerebellar
      and brainstem disorders.

PMID- 6838108
TI  - Epidemiology of secretory otitis media. A descriptive cohort study.
AB  - To determine the prevalence, incidence, and course of secretory otitis media in
      an age-group population, 404 3-year-old children in a town in Denmark were
      examined at 6-, 8-, and 12-week intervals over a 6-month period. At each of the
      four examinations approximately 20% of the children had middle ear effusion
      (MEE); it was found at least once in 42% of the children, and 6% had persistent
      effusion at all four examinations. Average duration of MEE was 3 months. Since
      spontaneous recovery rarely occurred when MEE had been present for more than 3
      months, active intervention is recommended after the condition has been followed
      for this length of time. The highly fluctuating course of MEE demonstrated in
      early childhood has important implications for concepts in pediatric middle ear
      disease and treatment.

PMID- 6838110
TI  - Brainstem evoked response audiometry.
AB  - Brainstem evoked response audiometry is useful in the identification of threshold
      levels as well as in the diagnosis of eighth nerve tumors. The instrumentation is
      a modification of the electroencephalograph and an averaging computer; 3,000
      clicks, 16/s, are presented and averaged for each printed response. Evoked
      responses can be obtained from a patient who is unable or unwilling to respond to
      conventional behavioral testing; best results are obtained from quiet or asleep
      patients.

PMID- 6838109
TI  - Alteration of aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity: effect of semistarvation.
AB  - The effect of semistarvation on the toxicity and ototoxicity of tobramycin
      sulfate (TO) and gentamicin sulfate (GE) was investigated in guinea pigs by
      electrophysiological and histopathological methods. The presented data has shown
      that the toxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics is substantially
      increased when guinea pigs were semistarved. Our results should also warn
      researchers using semistarvation in their conditioning experiments which
      investigate the toxicity of different chemicals. Toxicity was greater in GE- than
      TO-treated animals, which caused the GE-treated animals to die during treatment
      or shortly after treatment. Thus, TO should be preferentially used because it has
      been shown to be less toxic and ototoxic in normal and altered nutritional
      conditions.

PMID- 6838111
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas presenting with bilateral tonsillar metastases.

PMID- 6838112
TI  - Klippel-Feil syndrome with conductive deafness and histological findings of
      removed stapes.
AB  - The Klippel-Feil syndrome is usually associated with sensorineural hearing
      impairment, but rarely is it associated with conductive or mixed deafness. A 22
      year-old female presented with fusion of the cervical vertebrae, torticollis,
      scoliosis, pterygium colli, the Sprengel deformity with an omovertebral bone,
      concavity of the thorax and conductive hearing impairment of the right ear.
      Tympanotomy disclosed an atrophic long process of incus and a fixation of the
      stapes footplate, and stapedectomy was performed with immediate postoperative
      improvement of hearing. However, she developed a sudden hearing loss with
      dizziness soon after she had physical exercise on the 15th postoperative day, and
      revision surgery revealed a perilymph fistula of the oval window. Histological
      investigations of the removed stapes showed no specific osseous changes but
      hyperostosis of the posterior edge of the footplate. The literature is reviewed
      and the etiology of the conductive deafness and the perilymph fistula is
      discussed.

PMID- 6838113
TI  - X-ray study of the month. Petrous carotid aneurysm.

PMID- 6838114
TI  - Pathology consultation. Parotid gland and its lymph nodes as metastatic sites.
AB  - The parotid gland and its lymph nodes can serve as metastatic sites from regional
      and distant primary neoplasms. In the head and neck, the regions and neoplasms at
      risk for such metastases are melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin
      of the eyelids, frontal, temporal, posterior cheek and anterior ear regions. The
      mucous membranes of the upper aerodigestive tract may also be a site for a
      primary demonstrating parotid area metastases.

PMID- 6838115
TI  - Incendiary characteristics of endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 6838116
TI  - Functional aspects of the reconstructed lip.

PMID- 6838118
TI  - Comparison of blood flow after warm and cool ischemia in island flaps: latissimus
      dorsi myocutaneous and epigastric flaps in the dog.
AB  - Cooling has been reported to improve the survival of tissues used in free
      transfers. Very little has been written about blood flow in flaps following
      ischemia and about the effect of temperature on flow. In each of 4 dogs, 2 island
      latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps and 2 island epigastric axial flaps were made
      ischemic for one hour. Flaps were subjected to three temperature conditions
      during ischemia: warm ischemia, cool ischemia, and cool ischemia followed by
      rewarming prior to reestablishment of blood flow. Following ischemia, blood flow
      in the artery of the pedicle was measured using an electromagnetic flowmeter.
      Both latissimus dorsi and epigastric flaps subjected to warm ischemia experienced
      a reactive hyperemia, a period lasting several minutes during which blood flow
      increased severalfold over baseline flow. Cooling the latissimus dorsi flap had
      no major effect on this hyperemia. However, cooling the epigastric flap
      attenuated the hyperemic response observed in a warm flap. Both the peak flow
      attained and the rate of rise to peak flow were decreased. Rewarming the
      epigastric flap prior to clamp removal gave a hyperemia similar to that observed
      in the warm flap.

PMID- 6838117
TI  - The transverse abdominal island flap: Part II. Surgical technique.

PMID- 6838119
TI  - Wringer washer injuries in children.
AB  - Injuries resulting from wringer washers are still fairly common around the world.
      Manufacturers' data regarding wringer washers are reported. The literature is
      reviewed, and 104 new pediatric cases seen between 1970 and 1980 at one pediatric
      institution are presented. These patients suffered a wide variety of injuries
      ranging from simple skin abrasions to loss of limbs. Skeletal, nerve, and tendon
      injuries were encountered. The recommended management stresses the importance of
      elevation and close observation with no emphasis on compression dressing.

PMID- 6838120
TI  - Extended temporal bone resection.
AB  - A histologically benign tumor of the temporal bone became a life-threatening
      neoplasm. Previous surgical procedures and a course of radiotherapy failed to
      arrest the growth of the neoplasm. Our therapeutic objectives were fourfold: (1)
      ventilation of tumor histology; (2) total tumor removal without an increase of
      the neurological deficit; (3) watertight closure of the dural defect; and (4)
      aesthetically acceptable scalp reconstruction. These goals were achieved by
      performing temporal bone resection extending from the foramen lacerum to near the
      foramen magnum. The external soft-tissue defect was reconstructed with a
      contralateral scalp flap. The patient recovered satisfactorily from her surgery
      and achieved improvement of her ataxia and level of consciousness.

PMID- 6838121
TI  - The use of methyl methacrylate in a two-stage correction of Crouzon's/Apert's
      deformity.
AB  - We have employed a two-stage operative approach to the correction of
      Crouzon's/Apert's deformity. Extensive use of methyl methacrylate in cranioplasty
      and frontal bone advancement is employed to obtain finely detailed contours with
      excellent stability. By adhering to principles of separation of oral
      contamination and the methyl methacrylate, as well as the provision of adequate
      soft tissue coverage of the methyl methacrylate, the problems of infection and
      soft tissue breakdown can be minimized.

PMID- 6838122
TI  - Delayed extrusion of inflatable breast prostheses.

PMID- 6838123
TI  - Palatal defect reconstruction with hinged nasal septum flap.
AB  - An interesting case is presented of a young man who underwent reconstruction of
      the entire right hard palate in a single-stage procedure, using a hinged nasal
      septum flap. Closure of the large facial defect was accomplished using an
      abdominal cylindrical flap brought to the face by way of the wrist.

PMID- 6838124
TI  - The transverse cervical neurovascular free flap.

PMID- 6838125
TI  - Spiral flap esophagostomy.

PMID- 6838126
TI  - The use of autologous blood in patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy or
      reduction mammaplasty.
AB  - Adverse reactions are reported following 2% of transfusions. Posttransfusion
      viral hepatitis may occur in 8% of patients receiving homologous blood. Plastic
      surgery procedures, such as reduction mammaplasty and subcutaneous mastectomy,
      are associated with moderate blood loss that may require transfusion. Over a five
      year period we offered autologous blood transfusions to 88 patients scheduled for
      such surgery. Approximately ten days before their operation, 72 patients each
      donated 450 ml of blood, which was then available for transfusion during surgery.
      When admitted for surgery, the patients' mean reduction in hemoglobin was 6.9%.
      Their average calculated blood loss was 930 ml, with a net loss of 483 ml after
      receiving their own blood. No complications occurred. Only 2 of these patients
      required an additional unit of homologous blood. Six of the 16 patients who did
      not donate blood preoperatively required homologous blood transfusions. The use
      of safe autologous blood was enthusiastically accepted by the surgical and
      anesthesia staff, blood bank personnel, and the patients.

PMID- 6838127
TI  - Surgical correction of the tuberous breast.
AB  - Tuberous breasts have been attributed to hypoplasia of the breast with herniation
      of breast tissue into the nipple and areola. Several procedures have been used to
      correct the condition. A new method has been designed that reduces breast tissue
      herniation and areolar size. The surgery is done after subpectoral augmentation,
      by deepithelialization of a doughnut-shaped piece of skin around the periphery of
      the areola and excision of four wedges of breast tissue from underneath the new
      areola. Closure of the gaps results in reduction of both the herniated breast
      tissue and areola size.

PMID- 6838128
TI  - Contraindications for further oculoplastic surgery.

PMID- 6838129
TI  - Effect of mechanical load in wound healing.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the effect of sequentially increasing
      mechanical load on healing incisions. Full-thickness incisions were made on the
      back of a young domestic pig. During the period of fibroplasia, one of the
      incisions was mechanically loaded with a subcutaneous tissue expander. Mechanical
      and histological evaluations of mechanically loaded and control incision areas
      indicated that the mechanical stress encouraged healing and remodeling of dermal
      tissue.

PMID- 6838131
TI  - Cleft lip: morbidity and mortality in early repair.
AB  - A fifteen-year survey of primary lip repairs done at The New York Hospital
      revealed that lip closure can be accomplished during the first week of life with
      no mortality and with major morbidity slightly higher than that in repairs done
      after one week of age. Modern anesthetic techniques have markedly reduced
      respiratory complications from lip closure. Adequate postoperative sedation
      coupled with careful patient monitoring should appreciably reduce the incidence
      of wound dehiscence.

PMID- 6838132
TI  - The microclimate chamber: morphological aspects of experimental deep burns
      treated topically with continuous humidified oxygen.
AB  - Scanning electron and transmission electron micrographs of tissue biopsies from
      experimental third-degree burns treated topically with 96% oxygen for twenty-five
      days, without modifying the environment of the whole animal, revealed a marked
      promotion of collagen maturation. The O2-treated wounds showed a high ratio of
      collagen-ground substance; assembling of distinct fibers to form bundles with
      individual fibers of 1,360 +/- 95 A in diameter and an organized orientation; a
      highly aggregated rough endoplasmic reticulum of the fibroblasts, consisting of
      large cisternae and abundant ribosomes. The control burn wounds exposed to
      ambient air exhibited a low ratio of collagen-ground substance; a loose, rough
      endoplasmic reticulum; fiber diameter of 700 +/- 70 A, with haphazard orientation
      of the fibers; and a poor tendency to form bundles. These findings suggest that
      topical treatment of experimental deep burns with 96% O2 promoted collagen
      maturation and organization as well as collagen synthesis.

PMID- 6838133
TI  - Fissural cysts of the maxilla and mandible.

PMID- 6838134
TI  - The use of the free parascapular flap in midpalmar soft tissue defect.
AB  - Clinical applications of a new free flap are presented. The parascapular flap is
      a cutaneous unit whose blood supply is provided by a posterior branch of the
      inferior scapular artery. It is a safe and relatively large flap (approximately 8
      by 12 cm or more) with a constant pedicle. It has no sensory nerve. The donor
      site is easy to close directly. As suggested by Baudet, we think it is useful in
      reconstruction of the palm and, in some cases, the dorsum of the hand.

PMID- 6838130
TI  - Evaluation of a modified sphincter pharyngoplasty in the treatment of speech
      problems due to palatal insufficiency.
AB  - Results are presented of the first 10 children treated with a sphincter-type
      pharyngoplasty for speech defects due to velopharyngeal insufficiency. Seven of
      these children had cleft palates, 4 of the submucous variety. The operation,
      modified from one devised by Orticochea, is described in detail and emphasizes
      the importance of sphincter action closure of the nasopharynx. We believe this
      closure must be at a very high level. Preoperative and postoperative assessments
      of the patients by 4 observers are detailed in depth. Eight of the 10 patients
      showed improvement and none were made worse. We believe this operation, which
      places a functioning sphincter near the optimum site, is of considerable value in
      the treatment of selected patients suffering speech defects resulting from
      velopharyngeal incompetence.

PMID- 6838135
TI  - A photographic flash system for the operating microscope.

PMID- 6838136
TI  - A useful aid in positioning the reconstructed nipple.

PMID- 6838137
TI  - The fluorescence camera: how to use fluorescein dye in a normally illuminated
      room.
AB  - The Polaroid SX 70 Sonar camera has been modified so that it will produce instant
      photographs of the fluorescence of fluorescein in illuminated rooms. The camera
      was used to record the dye pattern in 40 rats and 65 patients. The photographic
      method proved to be as good as--but no better than--the visual one in predicting
      the viability of skin flaps. The camera eliminates the need to totally darken the
      room and use an ultraviolet lamp; it provides useful information to the surgeon
      and a permanent record for the chart.

PMID- 6838138
TI  - Potential myocardial revascularization and mechanical effects of pectoral muscle
      transplant.

PMID- 6838140
TI  - Cellular processes of learning and memory in the mammalian CNS.

PMID- 6838139
TI  - Microcircuitry of the cat retina.

PMID- 6838141
TI  - Speculations on the functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders.

PMID- 6838142
TI  - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels and the onset of diabetic microangiopathy.
AB  - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in serum and urine from diabetics
      have been measured over a three-year period to assess their potential as
      indicators of the onset of retinopathy and nephropathy. The presence of
      retinopathy and nephropathy was confirmed by fluorescein angiography performed at
      the end of the study and by proteinuria, respectively. Three groups of diabetics
      were investigated, those on insulin, on oral hypoglycaemics, or on diet only.
      There was no apparent correlation between total NAG activity in serum with the
      development of retinopathy, nor were serum isoenzyme variations useful in this
      context. However, urine total NAG activity demonstrated a striking difference
      between diabetics of all groups and normals. In particular the B isoenzyme
      doubled in diabetics. The potential use of this finding in relation to prediction
      of the onset of microangiopathy is discussed.

PMID- 6838143
TI  - Infrared analysis of renal calculi: a comparison with conventional techniques.
AB  - The analysis of renal calculi is an oft-neglected corner of clinical
      biochemistry. This study compares results obtained by the conventional
      qualitative methods with results from quantitative and infrared methods and also
      investigates the role of x-ray diffraction analysis. Infrared spectroscopy, using
      a KBr disc technique, was found to be the single most useful method, being fast,
      simple to learn, using little sample, and in general permitting positive
      identification of most of the components found in renal calculi. A major
      advantage is that this method has approximately equal sensitivity for oxalate and
      phosphate, unlike the wet chemical methods. Infrared analysis is also useful in
      identifying the spurious materials sometimes submitted as renal calculi. X-ray
      diffraction analysis is not a technique that is routinely available, but it does
      provide information not given by other methods, eg, distinguishing Ca(COO)2 . H2O
      from Ca(COO)2 . 2H2O. For complete analysis a combination of methods was adopted;
      carbonate is tested for using a microchemical technique, calcium, magnesium, and
      phosphate are quantitated by routine methods, and infrared analysis is used to
      detect oxalate and organic components. It must be emphasised that any method is
      only as good as the sample used, and different areas of the calculus must be
      analysed separately if useful results are to be obtained.

PMID- 6838144
TI  - A rapid procedure for the simultaneous estimation of the anticonvulsant drugs,
      ethosuximide, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum using high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid isocratic high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure for the analysis
      of ethosuximide, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum is
      described. The method employs a single extraction from serum; alumina treatment
      of this extract eliminates interference from fast-eluting compounds, allowing
      rapid chromatography. A linear response is obtained for drug concentrations up to
      three times the upper limit of the therapeutic ranges. Within-batch and between
      batch precisions for the means of these ranges varied from 2.2 to 5.5% and from
      3.1 to 7.5%, respectively.

PMID- 6838145
TI  - Comparison of routine analytical methods in the Netherlands for seven serum
      constituents using pattern recognition.
AB  - Routine analytical methods for seven serum analytes (calcium, chloride,
      cholesterol, glucose, inorganic phosphate, urate, and urea) are assessed using
      data from the Netherlands coupled external/internal quality control program. From
      the results of a trial each method can be described by four features: measures of
      bias, between-day precision, tendency to give erroneous results, interlaboratory
      variance. These four features of each trial determine a vectorpoint in the four
      dimensional space for a particular method. From 12 trials a maximum of 12
      vectorpoints per analytical method was obtained. Pattern recognition techniques
      allowed the detection of clusters of vectorpoints. Analytical methods having
      vectorpoints classified in different clusters perform differently. The mean
      feature values of the vectorpoints forming a cluster determine the quality of
      that cluster. A weighting procedure reveals the importance of the respective
      features for discriminating the clusters. For all of the seven analytes, clusters
      of vectorpoints were found. Different features appeared to contain discriminatory
      power for different analytes. For six analytes (calcium, chloride, cholesterol,
      glucose, inorganic phosphate, and urea) an analytical method was found to
      classify predominantly in the qualitative best cluster. One analytical method for
      the determination of chloride and one for glucose, inorganic phosphate, and urea
      did not cluster at all.

PMID- 6838147
TI  - Drug interference with measurement of metanephrines in urine.
AB  - The influence of 35 commonly used drugs on measurement of metanephrines in urine
      was evaluated. Two concentrations of drugs were chosen for study based on usual
      doses and the percent of dose excreted unchanged in the urine. At "medium" drug
      concentrations, only phenylephrine falsely elevated metanephrine levels, whereas
      at a 10-fold higher drug concentration, guanethidine, hydrocortisone, imipramine,
      isoetharine, levodopa, phenobarbital, and phenylephrine caused positive
      interference. Propranolol and theophylline caused a negative interference at the
      two concentrations studied. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 6838146
TI  - Clinical application of the clonogenic assay.
AB  - Simple methods were developed for cloning human solid tumors; 68 percent of the
      tumors processed formed at least 30 colonies within two to four weeks. The
      accuracy of the clonogenic assay for predicting clinical response was determined
      in a prospective, correlative study. Eight-four patients had objectively
      measurable disease and had at least one course of chemotherapy. Tumor types
      included melanoma (33), lung (12), colon (7), breast (7), stomach (4), ovarian
      (12), sarcoma (7), and hepatoma (2). For patients whose tumors were sensitive in
      vitro to a particular drug, clinical response was seen in 21/25 cases (84
      percent). Tumor resistance was found in 59 instances, and 54 patients (92
      percent) had no clinical response to the same drugs. Associations between in
      vitro chemosensitivities and clinical course were highly significant.

PMID- 6838148
TI  - Trimethylaminuria.
AB  - Abnormal urinary excretion of trimethylamine (TMA) signals the presence of
      trimethylaminuria, an inborn error of metabolism presenting with body odor of
      putrid fish. This article summarizes the nine reported cases (including three
      studied in our laboratory) and describes a rapid quantitative assay. Values of
      TMA are presented for 95 controls (72 children), three cases of TMA uria, and two
      mothers. Intestinal bacteria metabolize ingested choline to TMA which is normally
      converted in tissues to the non-odorous TMA-oxide. This latter step is apparently
      defective in cases of TMA uria. Oral choline loading greatly enhances urinary
      TMA, confirming questionable cases. Data on excretion of TMA post-choline load
      are presented for cases and mother as well as for one case during choline
      restriction in order to remove the odor totally. The severe psycho/social
      problems related to this odor and the therapeutic response to choline restriction
      make this a diagnosis that should not be missed--a goal requiring wider
      capability in the laboratory and greater awareness on the part of the physician.

PMID- 6838149
TI  - Acute renal failure in toxic shock syndrome owing to rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome is frequently complicated by renal dysfunction. The
      mechanism of this functional disturbance is unclear. The present report concerns
      a 33-year-old woman with reversible renal failure in the course of toxic shock
      syndrome owing to rhabdomyolysis. It is suspected that the renal consequences of
      muscle injury play a pathophysiological role in the acute renal failure of toxic
      shock syndrome.

PMID- 6838150
TI  - Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar and its selectivity for clinical and
      marine vibrio organisms.
AB  - Recently documented Vibrio cholerae and non-cholera vibrio infections in Florida
      and other American waters led to a study to determine the selectivity of
      thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose media (TCBS). Thirty-one species with 188
      different strains of clinical, marine, and stock origin were examined on the TCBS
      media. One hundred seventy-seven of the 188 strains grew. Nine species had the
      typical yellow colony appearance that might be confused with V. cholerae and nine
      species were green, potentially confused with V. parahemolyticus or V.
      vulnificus. Old versus new media were compared with mixed results. Consistent
      with earlier studies, TCBS grew vibrios well with distinctive morphology.
      However, its limited selectivity needs be more widely appreciated in clinical
      laboratories. Its widespread use is advocated to detect the vibrio infections
      associated with seafood ingestion or wounds exposed to seawater.

PMID- 6838151
TI  - Creatine kinase-MB activity: clinical and laboratory studies of specific
      immunochemical technique with optimized enzymatic assay.
AB  - A centrifugal analyzer method was developed for measuring the MB isoenzyme of
      creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in serum by use of a specific immunochemical
      technique that avoids interference from CK-BB and adenylate kinase. Enzymatic
      activity was measured kinetically at 30 degrees C with an optimized reagent
      containing creatine phosphate as substrate. The precision (CV) of the assay was 5
      to 12 percent day-to-day (n = 39). The reference interval was 0 to 3.5 U per L (n
      = 45). Patient samples without detectable CK-MB in a widely-used electrophoretic
      assay contained up to 12 U per L of CK-MB by the new method. The new test was
      evaluated carefully in 99 patients consecutively admitted to the coronary care
      unit. Blood samples were obtained at frequent (four to eight hr) intervals. All
      patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 27) had peak CK-MB greater than 7
      U per L and greater than 3.5 percent of total CK. The predictive value of this
      result was 94 percent for the diagnosis of infarction. Abnormal results were
      documented at the same times (+/- four hr) following infarction by the
      electrophoretic and immunochemical techniques. Guidelines were evolved for
      interpreting the percent of MB (i.e., MB per total CK) at various time points.
      The test was reliable in documented early recurrent infarctions that occurred in
      three patients. The method appears to be an attractive alternative to
      electrophoretic techniques for use in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 6838153
TI  - Midgrowth spurt in height of Boston children.

PMID- 6838152
TI  - Menarche in athletes: a synthesis and hypothesis.
AB  - The determinants of the timing of menarche are many, and it is difficult to
      isolate a single factor which may delay or accelerate this maturational event.
      Menarche, on average, occurs later in athletes, including ballet dancers, than in
      the general population. With few exceptions, the data are consistent across
      several countries. Swimmers are an exception to the tendency towards later
      menarche in athletes. In all samples of swimmers surveyed but one, menarche tends
      to approximate the average for the general population. The menarcheal data are
      consistent with other indices of biological maturity status, i.e., skeletal age
      and secondary sex character development. The data dealing with the effects of
      intensive physical training on menarche are reviewed and given the number of
      factors involved, it is difficult to implicate training as a factor which
      specifically delays menarche. A two-part hypothesis for the apparent maturity
      delay in athletes is thus suggested. The hypothesis combines biological selective
      factors (i.e., physique and skill) and social factors. Family size and
      composition, however, must receive more consideration. Family size influences the
      timing of menarche and such a trend is apparent in data for several groups of
      athletes.

PMID- 6838154
TI  - Adolescent menstrual characteristics as predictors of gynaecological health.
AB  - Ina sample of 54 women who have participated in a longitudinal study since birth
      there is a significant relationship between adolescent menstrual characteristics
      and gynaecological health as measured by GYNDEX (Gardner 1982) in the second and
      third decades postmenarche. The menstrual characteristics were recorded in health
      histories taken in the 1940s as part of a yearly evaluation of growth,
      development and health status. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the
      measures of regularity and dysmenorrhoea in adolescence explain 46% of the
      variation in GYNDEX from 11 to 20 years postmenarche (P less than 0.001). These
      variables are still significant predictors 21 to 30 years postmenarche,
      explaining 26% of the variance (P less than 0.005). The risk of having poor
      gynaecological health (high GYNDEX) is greatly increased for women experiencing
      both dysmenorrhoea and irregularity in the first few years postmenarche.

PMID- 6838155
TI  - Changes over thirty years in an index of gynaecological health.
AB  - The gynaecological index (GYNDEX) was developed to facilitate observing
      differences in gynaecological health among and between groups of women. It takes
      into account menstrual characteristics, premenstrual changes, and gynaecological
      diagnoses and treatments. The objective of this study is to contribute to
      knowledge of the changes in gynaecological health at different times in the
      reproductive life cycles of women and to develop a measurement technique which
      can be used in future studies in women's health. In this investigation a GYNDEX
      is determined for each of the first three decades postmenarche in a sample of 54
      women who have been followed in a longitudinal study since birth, and the
      characteristics of the changes in the GYNDEX over time are analysed. There is a
      significant increase in the GYNDEX (P less than 0.05) in each successive decade.
      Further studies are being done to determine to what extent factors that occurred
      in the childhood and adolescence act as predictors of adult gynaecological
      health. Knowledge of these relationships will provide a rationale for planning
      health care programmes for women of all ages.

PMID- 6838156
TI  - Longitudinal growth standards for preschool children.
AB  - The appropriateness of a preschool child's size at a particular age is usually
      assessed by comparing the child's measurement against growth charts. When the
      child has measurements at more than one age, the child's percentile status at one
      age is sometimes compared with the percentile status at a subsequent age, with
      the purpose of assessing the child's pattern over time or growth rate. This
      second use of growth charts is not entirely appropriate, for it assumes a high
      degree of 'tracking' in the population. Healthy children frequently cross
      percentile lines, the amount of shifting depending upon the age range under
      consideration, the child's sex, and whether the measurements are length or
      weight. Thus the correct evaluation of percentile-level changes over time is
      difficult. We present here conditional standards for length and weight in
      preschool children, which assess a child's length or weight taking into account
      previous measurements and/or a current measurement of a second anthropometric
      variable. The approach can be very flexible as regards ages of measurement,
      although complete flexibility requires use of a computer. In addition to its
      clinical application, this approach can be used to predict the future size of a
      child and may be valuable as an analytic tool in research situations in which
      control populations are not feasible.

PMID- 6838157
TI  - Age at menarche and unsuccessful pregnancy outcome.
AB  - We have examined the relation between age at menarche and unsuccessful pregnancy
      outcome among women under 40 years of age. Women with early menarche (under 12)
      and late menarche (14 or older) had a greater number of unsuccessful pregnancy
      outcomes than did women of intermediate age at menarche (12 or 13 years). The
      differences in means adjusted by covariance analysis for age, total number of
      pregnancies, age at first live birth and socio-economic status were statistically
      significant. Among Catholic women, who were unlikely to have had induced
      abortions at the time of the study, the differences by menarcheal age were
      greater than among non-Catholic women. These findings support those of Liestol
      (1980) who recently reported a possible causal connection between menarcheal age
      and spontaneous abortion.

PMID- 6838158
TI  - Secular changes in age at menarche in a sample of US women.
AB  - In an epidemiological survey of the reproductive history of a large group of
      United States women who had given birth to at least one child, there was a
      secular trend in age at menarche between those born around 1920 and those born
      around 1940-45. The trend was linear and the increment 3.2 months (+/- 0.36) per
      decade. The women were White, well nourished, middle-class and resided in all
      parts of the United States.

PMID- 6838159
TI  - Familial resemblance in fatness indicators.
AB  - Family resemblance in fatness has been studied in 481 individuals from 114
      families of French descent living in the greater Quebec city area. Subjects were
      measured for the following fatness indicators: triceps, biceps, subscapular,
      suprailiac, abdominal and medial calf skinfolds. The sum of these six skinfolds
      as well as a prediction of percent body fat (Durnin and Rahaman 1967) were also
      considered. Data were standardized for appropriate age and sex classes yielding
      SS scores. The influence of relevant lifestyle variables (energy intake, energy
      expenditure and socioeconomic status) were statistically removed from SS yeilding
      residual scores (RS) that were then submitted to familial analyses. Analyses of
      variance indicate that there is a larger between family variation than within (P
      less than or equal to 0.01) for SS when considering either the whole nuclear
      family or sibships; in these instances, the intra-class correlation ranges from
      0.15 to 0.26. There was, however, no significant resemblance among spouses for
      the SS fatness indicators. Similar values were essentially found for RS fatness
      indicators. Furthermore, husband-wife inter-class correlations were not
      significant with the exception of subscapular and calf skinfold RS. Covariations
      between biological relatives are however significant (0.16 less than or equal to
      r less than or equal to 0.24, P less than or equal to 0.01) for SS and remain
      essentially unchanged after statistical control over the lifestyle variables
      (0.16 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.40, P less than or equal to
      0.01). The findings that spouses do not covary significantly in fatness, while
      biological relatives of traditional nuclear families exhibit a significant degree
      of resemblance even after statistical control over daily energy intake, daily
      energy expenditure and socioeconomic status provide evidence supporting the
      hypothesis that there is a substantial genetic effect in human fatness.

PMID- 6838160
TI  - Weight-for-height in adolescence.
AB  - Weight-for-height in adolescence was investigated on the basis of observations on
      669 boys and 753 girls. It was found: (a) that given the age, the expected weight
      of individuals of the same height changes considerably with pubertal status; (b)
      that the change in weight for a given change in height also depends on pubertal
      status, and (c) that these relations vary with age so that chronological age
      should be taken into account when constructing weight-for-height standards.
      Interpretation of weight-for-height standards is briefly discussed.

PMID- 6838161
TI  - A longitudinal study of growth in Newcastle upon Tyne adolescents.
AB  - White Newcastle upon Tyne schoolchildren born in 1962 were examined at
      approximately half-yearly intervals from 9 to 17 years of age. During the last
      year of compulsory education losses to follow-up became selective with respect to
      socio-economic background, and the results reported here are restricted to 564
      boys and 669 girls seen regularly between the ages of 10 and 15 years at least.
      Newcastle adolescents were slightly shorter and lighter than the London children
      on whom Tanner's British Standards were based. The longitudinal pattern of
      skinfold changes in boys was different from that observed in girls. Differences
      in height attained between occupational groups were well established by the age
      of five years, and the same was true of differences between family-size groups
      for children with fathers in manual occupations. It is inferred that differences
      in height between occupational and family-size groups resulted more from
      differences in leg than in trunk length. At age 15, the correlations of height
      attained with maternal height were 0.42 and 0.43, and with birthweight 0.25 and
      0.28, for boys and girls respectively. Adjustment, by regression, of heights
      attained for birthweight, age at peak height velocity and maternal height
      diminished differences between occupational and family-size groups. After such
      adjustment, heights significantly lower than average were found only among
      subjects with fathers in unskilled manual occupations and with large families.
      Among subjects with fathers in manual occupations, subscapular and triceps
      skinfolds and arm circumference decreased significantly with increasing family
      size.

PMID- 6838162
TI  - Dogrib Indians of the Northwest Territories, Canada: genetic diversity and
      genetic relationship among subarctic Indians.
AB  - Phenotypes and gene frequencies of genes at the ABO, Rhesus, MNSs, Diego, Duffy,
      Kell, Kp, Kidd and P blood group systems are presented for three villages of
      Dogrib Indians. This population resides between Great Slave and Great Bear Lakes
      in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Until recently they pursued an
      exclusively hunting-gathering-fishing lifestyle in the subarctic forest. Maximum
      European admixture in the Dogrib is 8.7%. Nei's coefficient of gene diversity,
      GST is 0.0121. Blood group data from other Athapaskan-speaking Indians were also
      examined. GST for Kutchin villages is approximately 1.1%. GST obtained over five
      tribes of Northern Athapaskans is 0.0264, a figure slightly lower than that found
      in comparable groups of Mexican Indians. Overall genetic differentiation (HT) in
      Northern Athapaskans was greater than in the Mexicans, presumably because of
      high, though nonquantifiable European admixture in some of the tribes. The bulk
      of the genetic variability in Athapaskans exists within tribes, and then within
      villages of the same tribe. Genetic distance analysis with Nei's standard
      distance D shows that Dogrib and Kutchin Indians are very close. Geographic
      proximity has no significant influence on inter-tribal gene flow, but is
      significantly associated with intra-tribal gene flow.

PMID- 6838164
TI  - Age at menarche of schoolgirls in Khartoum.
AB  - Data on age at menarche have been collected among 1372 Sudanese girls attending
      state schools within the capital, Khartoum, and representing three different
      socioeconomic groups. The mean ages, estimated by probits, were 13.35 +/- 0.14
      for the well-off girls; 13.85 +/- 0.15 for the middle class and 14.06 +/- 0.18
      years for the poor girls. The results were compared with data reported from other
      African and other Arabic-speaking countries. Well-off Sudanese girls in Khartoum
      have one of the earliest recorded means of all African populations studied. It
      seems likely that with improvement of health care and family planning, Sudanese
      girls would be at least as early-maturing as girls in Northern and Central
      Europe.

PMID- 6838165
TI  - Blood pressure and triceps skinfold thickness.

PMID- 6838163
TI  - Genetic components of variations of red cell glycolytic intermediates at two
      altitudes among the South American Aymara.
AB  - Red cell haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), and
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured in 876 individuals from six
      villages at two altitude levels (altiplano and coast) of the Departmento de Arica
      of Northern Chile. Of these, data on 761 individuals are subjected to analysis to
      search for the evidence of genetic adaptation to a hypoxic environment at a high
      altitude. Total phenotypic variance for each of the variables is higher at the
      altiplano as compared to their counterparts at the coastal level. Data on 1127
      pairs of relatives of six degrees of relationships are used to determine the
      genetic component of variation in each of these four traits. To a certain extent
      the larger familial correlations as well as higher variances at altiplano are
      explained by the apparent assortative mating (which may again be due to their
      restricted population size) at the higher elevation. Yet, at least in three
      variables (Hb, Ht, and DPG) no reduction in the additive genetic component of
      variation is noticed at the higher altitude. ATP seems to have the highest degree
      of genetic component of variance, particularly at the coastal level. Some
      implications of these results are discussed in the light of their roles in the
      glycolytic pathway.

PMID- 6838166
TI  - Comparison of head circumference in an Israeli child population with United
      States and British standards.
AB  - The head circumference (HC) growth pattern of infants from 1 to 24 months of age
      was studied in a Jerusalem community. The means of HC of the study population are
      smaller for each age and sex group than those of the National Center of Health
      Statistics, USA reference population, London children and the Nellhaus standard.
      The regression of HC on length explains about 20% of the variance. In an analysis
      of variance controlling for social class, birth order and length, the differences
      by region of origin of the mother were not significant. The smaller HC of the
      study population is probably due to these children being shorter and lighter than
      the above-mentioned western populations. Malnutrition as a factor for small HC
      was excluded.

PMID- 6838167
TI  - Immunological detection of the sixth complement component (C6) following flat bed
      polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and electrophoretic transfer to
      nitrocellulose filters.
AB  - A method for the electrophoretic transfer of C6 molecules to a nitrocellulose
      filter is described. The protein is detected by the use of anti-C6 antibodies and
      a peroxidase conjugated antibody. Using this method typical isoelectric patterns
      of C6 variant phenotypes are found. Inheritance and population data are
      presented. Three rare structural variants, one of which appears to be previously
      unreported, were discovered among a sample of 202 individuals. The method is
      discussed from the viewpoint of its flexibility and its value as an additional
      tool for revealing inherited variations in structural gene products.

PMID- 6838168
TI  - G-6-PD variants: another up-date.

PMID- 6838169
TI  - Sex ratio in spontaneous abortions.
AB  - An analysis of sex ratio was made for chromosomally normal and trisomic
      spontaneous abortions identified in a cytogenetic survey of spontaneous
      abortions. For the chromosomally normal group, the extent of maternal
      contamination among 46, XX abortions was determined by comparing chromosome
      heteromorphisms of the parents with those from the tissue samples. The sex ratio
      among the normal abortions was then estimated to be approximately 1.30, after
      correcting for the maternal contaminants and 46, XX hydatidiform moles of
      androgenetic origin. This estimate is significantly higher than values typically
      reported for newborns, indicating an effect of X-linked genes acting in utero.
      The sex ratio among trisomic abortions identified in the present study and in
      four other cytogenetic studies of spontaneous abortions was also significantly
      greater than 1.0, but not as high as the estimates of sex ratio for the
      chromosomally normal abortions. There was considerable variability among
      individual trisomies, and possible mechanisms leading to this variation are
      discussed.

PMID- 6838170
TI  - Inference on inheritance of disease using repetitions of HLA haplotypes in
      affected siblings.

PMID- 6838171
TI  - Relative importance of genetic and nongenetic etiologies in idiopathic mental
      retardation: estimates based on analysis of medical histories.
AB  - A method of analyzing subgroups of mental retardates for proportions of cases
      caused by nongenetic brain damage is presented here and applied to 490 Israeli
      retardates. Among mild retardates in simplex and multiplex families with normal
      unrelated parents, most of the cases were caused by nongenetic brain damage and
      only a minority were caused by polygenic heredity. Among severe retardates in
      multiplex families with normal unrelated parents, nongenetic brain damage is
      probably a more important cause than is homozygosity. In all groups except two
      (mild retardates with normal consanguineous parents, and severe retardates with
      retarded parents) the contribution of nongenetic brain damage was surprisingly
      large.

PMID- 6838172
TI  - Sequence of metabolic, clinical, and histological events in experimental thiamine
      deficiency.
AB  - The [14C]deoxyglucose technique was used to determine local cerebral glucose
      utilization (LCGU) in the rat at various times in two models of thiamine
      deficiency: pyrithiamine administration in addition to dietary deprivation, and
      dietary deprivation alone. In the pyrithiamine model most of the 40 structures
      examined showed a gradual decline in LCGU, reaching the lowest metabolic activity
      at day 11. A statistically significant rise in LCGU (p less than 0.05) was then
      noted between day 11 and day 12 or 14 in 18 structures, followed by the
      autoradiographic appearance of focal areas of centrally depressed glucose
      utilization in many of these same 18 structures. Only then did ambulatory
      difficulty, opisthotonus, and other advanced clinical sequelae of thiamine
      deficiency become evident, usually around day 18, followed by the appearance of
      focal histological lesions in the same distribution. On a different time scale,
      rats that were only deprived of thiamine in their diet over a prolonged period,
      but not their pair-fed controls, revealed the same metabolic and autoradiographic
      events, but the deprivation was not sufficiently prolonged to result in clinical
      or histological abnormalities. We believe that the selective rise in LCGU may set
      into motion a chain of events that leads to the subsequent clinical and
      histological consequences of thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 6838173
TI  - Intermittent thiamine deficiency in the rhesus monkey. I. Progression of
      neurological signs and neuroanatomical lesions.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys were subjected to one, two, or four periods of thiamine deficiency
      to determine how the number of deprivation episodes affects the development and
      progression of neurological and neuropathological changes. Recurrent thiamine
      deprivation produced all major neurological signs and most of the anatomical
      lesions found in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Neither the number and gravity of
      neurological symptoms nor the extent or location of lesions was related to the
      number of deprivation periods in a simple way. Thus, some structures, such as the
      inferior colliculus and medial vestibular nuclei, were affected after only one
      period of deficiency. Other structures, such as the parafascicular nucleus of the
      thalamus, were more resistant and exhibited degeneration only after four periods
      of thiamine deprivation. Severe damage in the basal ganglia was infrequent and
      was associated with prolonged rather than multiple periods of deprivation. No
      parenchymal damage was found in the mammillary bodies or mediodorsal nucleus of
      the thalamus, suggesting that lesions in these prominent sites of damage in
      Wernicke-Korsakoff disease develop only in the most advanced stages of thiamine
      deprivation. As a consequence of individual differences in susceptibility to
      thiamine deficiency, neurological symptoms and signs were more related to the
      profile of neural damage than to the number or duration of deprivation episodes.

PMID- 6838174
TI  - Blepharospasm and orofacial-cervical dystonia: clinical and pharmacological
      findings in 100 patients.
AB  - We evaluated prospectively 100 patients, the largest reported series, with
      blepharospasm and orofacial-cervical dystonia, or Meige syndrome. The mean age at
      onset was 51.7 years, and 81% presented between the ages of 40 and 70. Women
      outnumbered men three to two. Blepharospasm was the initial symptom in 58
      patients, but only 23 had involuntary movements localized to the orbicularis
      oculi. Sixty-one patients had the complete syndrome, blepharospasm and
      oromandibular dystonia, and 60 had neck or generalized dystonia in addition to
      the orofacial movements. Twenty-one patients with spasmodic dysphonia were
      included; in 12 of these patients, spasmodic dysphonia was part of the complete
      (Meige) syndrome, and 16 of these patients had neck or generalized dystonia or
      essential tremor. An organic cause of Meige syndrome is supported by a high
      correlation with essential tremor and other movement disorders and by positive
      family history in some patients. Response to medication was inconsistent, but 69%
      of patient trials resulted in some improvement; in 22% the benefit was marked and
      persistent. Tetrabenazine, lithium, and trihexyphenidyl were most useful for the
      treatment of oromandibular dystonia, and clonazepam was useful in some patients
      with blepharospasm.

PMID- 6838175
TI  - Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases.
AB  - We studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used
      a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      that required only 50 microliters of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were
      detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis,
      but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal
      bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington,
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some
      patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo,
      idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central
      nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive
      bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of
      multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex
      encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological
      response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.

PMID- 6838176
TI  - Permanent neurological deficits due to lithium toxicity.
AB  - Two patients exhibited permanent neurological deficits following relatively
      uncomplicated episodes of lithium intoxication. Lithium toxicity alone appears to
      result in a fairly consistent combination of neurological findings, including
      deficits in recent memory, limb and truncal ataxia, and choreoathetosis or
      parkinsonism. The potential role of early hemodialysis in preventing these
      permanent deficits is discussed.

PMID- 6838177
TI  - Familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and response to alternate-day
      oxazepam therapy.
AB  - A patient with familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (FPDC) who was only
      transiently improved on daily benzodiazepine therapy showed sustained benefit
      from a regimen of alternate-day oxazepam therapy. Our findings confirm that FPDC
      is responsive to benzodiazepine therapy and suggest that an alternate-day dosing
      schedule, using a short-acting benzodiazepine, may minimize receptor down
      regulation and thereby sustain the therapeutic effect.

PMID- 6838178
TI  - How often does a CSF pleocytosis follow generalized convulsions?
AB  - Postictal pleocytosis is a transient and otherwise unexplained increase in
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes occurring after repetitive generalized tonic
      clonic seizures. We reviewed 98 episodes of seizures in 91 patients in whom the
      CSF was examined within 72 hours of the last seizure. Patients who had diseases
      associated with CSF pleocytosis were excluded. Two of the 98 initial CSF samples
      showed a pleocytosis, which subsequent examinations proved to be transient.

PMID- 6838179
TI  - Analgesic activity of tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Amitriptyline (median effective dose [ED50] 1.2 mg per kilogram of body weight),
      imipramine (ED50 2.3 mg/kg), and their demethylated derivatives nortriptyline
      (ED50 1.9 mg/kg) and desimipramine (ED50 3.2 mg/kg) are active analgesics as
      indicated by the mouse writhing assay. Although not as potent as morphine (ED50
      0.2 mg/kg), the antidepressants were up to 70 times more potent than aspirin
      (ED50 91 mg/kg). The actions of amitriptyline were not affected by the specific
      opiate antagonist naloxone but were markedly attenuated in animals whose
      monoamine levels had been depleted with reserpine. Central mechanisms appear
      important since amitriptyline (ED50 4.6 micrograms) was potent when administered
      intracerebroventricularly.

PMID- 6838180
TI  - Respirator support in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 6838181
TI  - Persistent akathisia following neuroleptic withdrawal.

PMID- 6838182
TI  - Alcohol and Parkinson disease.

PMID- 6838183
TI  - [Problems of antibiotic standardization. Stability of penicillins and
      cephalosporins in solutions].

PMID- 6838184
TI  - [Study of the toxicity of carminomycin 13-cyclohexylidenhydrazone].
AB  - The systemic effect and toxicity of carminomycin 13-cyclohexylidenhydrazone (CCH)
      were studied on noninbred albino mice in comparison to carminomycin. The
      preparation was administered intravenously and orally. It was shown that CCH was
      1.3 or 2.5 times less toxic than carminomycin on its intravenous or oral
      administration, respectively. The cumulative properties of CCH and carminomycin
      on their intravenous administration were practically equal. On oral
      administration of CCH the level of its cumulation in mice was higher than that of
      carminomycin. By its nature the effect of the preparations on hemopoiesis of the
      mice was the same. CCH had a low cardiotoxic effect.

PMID- 6838185
TI  - Susceptibility of Bordetella species to growth inhibition and killing by
      chlorpromazine.
AB  - Chlorpromazine, the prototype phenothiazine tranquilizer, inhibited the growth
      and killed organisms of the genus Bordetella. There were striking differences,
      however, among the three Bordetella species. Bordetella pertussis was most
      susceptible, with some inhibition of growth at greater than or equal to 4
      micrograms/ml and killing at 16 micrograms of chlorpromazine per ml. Bordetella
      parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were less susceptible, with killing
      at 32 and 256 micrograms/ml, respectively. Although the phenothiazines were
      inhibitory for Bordetella extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase, the lethal effect
      occurred at a lower concentration and did not appear to involve modification of
      the enzyme activity. Exposure of B. pertussis to combinations of chlorpromazine
      and erythromycin resulted in impaired growth at concentrations lower than that of
      either drug alone, but there was no evidence that the two drugs interacted either
      synergistically or antagonistically.

PMID- 6838186
TI  - Preparation and DNA-binding properties of substituted triostin antibiotics.
AB  - Novel derivatives of the triostin group of antibiotics were prepared by
      supplementing cultures of the producing organism Streptomyces triostinicus with a
      variety of aromatic carboxylic acids. Five new antibiotics, each having both the
      natural quinoxaline chromophores replaced by a substituted ring system, were
      purified to homogeneity and characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatography
      and nuclear magnetic resonance. Their antibacterial activities and DNA-binding
      properties were investigated. Addition of a halogen atom at position 6 of the
      quinoxaline ring or an amino group at position 3 had little effect on either the
      biological activity or the DNA-binding characteristics. The bis-3-amino
      derivative is fluorescent, and its fluorescence is strongly quenched by calf
      thymus DNA and polydeoxyguanylate-polydeoxycytidylate but not by
      polydeoxyadenylate-polydeoxythymidylate, suggesting that it binds preferentially
      to guanosine-cytosine-rich sequences in natural DNA. Binding constants for the
      bis-6-chloro and bis-3-amino derivatives do not differ greatly from those of
      unsubstituted triostin A. The analogs having two quinoline chromophores or a
      chlorine atom in position 7 of the quinoxaline ring display little or no
      detectable antibacterial activity, in marked contrast to the other congeners. Bis
      7-chloro-triostin A binds conspicuously more tightly to polydeoxyadenylate
      polydeoxythymidylate than to any other polynucleotide tested.

PMID- 6838187
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in
      pediatric patients.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of a parenteral formulation comprised of 5 parts of amoxicillin
      and 1 part of clavulanic acid were determined in 12 pediatric patients, 2 to 14
      years of age. A single dose amounting to 25 mg of amoxicillin and 5 mg of
      clavulanic acid per kg of body weight was infused intravenously over 2 min. Mean
      plasma concentrations 5 min after dosing were 89.4 micrograms of amoxicillin per
      ml and 19.5 micrograms of clavulanic acid per ml. Terminal phase plasma half
      lives were 1.2 and 0.8 h, respectively. The data acquired in this study indicate
      that amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are pharmacokinetically compatible.
      Moreover, taken with assessment of microbiological activities by others, the
      present data suggest that intravenous administration of 25 mg of amoxicillin plus
      5 mg of clavulanic acid per kg every 6 h is a reasonable starting regimen for
      assessing the activity of the combined drug formulation in noninvasive childhood
      diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci
      spp., Neisseria spp., Branhamella catarrhalis, and other susceptible organisms.

PMID- 6838188
TI  - Therapeutic significance of penicillin tolerance in experimental streptococcal
      endocarditis.
AB  - Tolerance to penicillin exists among the viridans group of streptococci, but its
      therapeutic significance is unknown. We studied the effect of penicillin alone
      and in combination with streptomycin, in vivo and in vitro, on three strains of
      dextran-producing Streptococcus sanguis serotype II which possess widely various
      degrees of penicillin tolerance. In rabbits with experimental endocarditis,
      treatment with procaine penicillin (250 mg/kg intramuscularly twice daily for 5
      days) decreased the number of viable organisms in valvular vegetations from 8.82
      log10 +/- 0.98 CFU/g in untreated controls to 5.31 +/- 1.19 for a highly tolerant
      strain, 4.22 +/- 1.05 for a less tolerant strain, and 1.79 +/- 1.72 for a
      nontolerant strain (P less than or equal to 0.01 for comparison between any of
      the four groups). None of 36 rabbits infected with tolerant strains were cured by
      5 days of treatment with penicillin, but 10 of 23 animals infected with the
      nontolerant strain were cured (P = 0.00002). When streptomycin was given in
      combination with penicillin, rabbits infected with the nontolerant strain were
      cured within 3 days, and rabbits infected with the tolerant strain were cured
      within 5 days. These findings indicate that tolerance can exert a critical
      influence on the response of S. sanguis to penicillin therapy in vivo and that
      the combination of penicillin plus streptomycin exerts a synergistic effect
      against tolerant as well as nontolerant organisms.

PMID- 6838189
TI  - Isolation of plasmids encoding tetracycline resistance from Campylobacter jejuni
      strains isolated from simians.
AB  - Fifteen isolates of tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni were recovered
      from stool samples of cynomologous monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed at the
      University of Washington Primate Research Center, Seattle. Resistance was
      associated with carriage of a 38-megadalton plasmid which was transmissible to
      other strains of C. jejuni but not to Escherichia coli. Seven isolates also
      contained a 2.6-megadalton plasmid which was phenotypically cryptic.

PMID- 6838190
TI  - Comparative concentrations of cefoxitin in human lungs and sera.
AB  - Eleven patients about to undergo pulmonary surgery received a bolus injection of
      1 g of cefoxitin. The concentrations of cefoxitin in the serum 1 and 2 h after
      dosage were 38.5 +/- 1.89 and 23.7 +/- 2.56 mug/ml; the lung concentrations at
      the respective times were 12.6 +/- 0.7 and 10.06 +/- 0.43 mug/ml.

PMID- 6838191
TI  - Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes clinical isolates to 22 antimicrobial
      agents.
AB  - Susceptibilities of 104 Propionibacterium acnes isolates to each of 22
      antimicrobial agents was evaluated by broth microdilution. These isolates were
      susceptible to all of the test agents except metronidazole. N-Formimidoyl
      thienamycin, a penem coded Sch 29482, and penicillin ranked first, second, and
      third, respectively, in activity and were significantly more active than other
      penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, clindamycin, or chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6838192
TI  - Comparison of concentrations of rifampin and a new rifamycin derivative, DL 473,
      in canine bone.
AB  - Constant-infusion experiments were performed in 14 dogs to determine the
      penetration into bone of rifampin and a new C-3 substituted rifamycin, DL 473.
      The drugs were assayed in cortical bone and medulla from tibia-femur and cortical
      and cancellous bone from rib. After identical dosage, the concentrations of DL
      473 appeared to be higher, except in the medulla, although the serum
      concentrations of rifampin were almost twice as high as those for DL 473. The
      concentrations of both drugs in all bone areas were several times higher than
      their minimum inhibitory concentrations against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 6838193
TI  - Gentamicin persistence in rat endolymph and perilymph after a two-day constant
      infusion.
AB  - The kinetics of gentamicin in the inner ear fluids of rats were studied up to 15
      days after cessation of a 2-day constant infusion of 10 micrograms/min. In
      endolymph, the concentration of gentamicin persisted at about 1 microgram/ml for
      up to 15 days, precluding the determination of the half-life of the drug in this
      fluid. In perilymph, gentamicin cleared more slowly than after a shorter period
      of infusion. These results suggest that the tissues of the inner ear could bind
      the aminoglycoside and then slowly release it into the surrounding fluids.

PMID- 6838194
TI  - Heterogeneity of the glucocorticoid receptors: molecular transformations during
      activation, detected by electrofocusing.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) of the neural retina
      of the 14-day chick embryo was conducted under conditions that yielded
      quantitative recovery of binding activity. IEF of the cytosol, equilibrated with
      [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at 0-2 degrees C yielded three major TA-GR
      components with apparent isoelectric points (pI') of 5.4 +/- 0.3, 6.5 +/- 0.2,
      and 7.6 +/- 0.3, designated as I, II, and III, respectively. During temperature
      induced activation (incubation at 30 degrees C for 60 min, in the presence of
      free [3H]TA and 0.15 M KCl), approximately 25% of the specifically bound TA was
      irreversibly lost. IEF reveals that this loss is accounted for by the complete
      loss of binding from I. During activation, II also decreases but correspondingly
      III increases, i.e., the sum of II and III remains unchanged. Only the bound TA
      of I is sensitive to the addition of KCl (a promoter of activation). This
      sensitivity of I is temperature dependent. Molybdate (an inhibitor of activation)
      protects the bound TA of I and suppresses the formation of III. These two effects
      of molybdate diminish simultaneously when the temperature is increased to 30
      degrees C. III preferentially exhibits binding activity to nuclei. The data
      suggest that (i) the glucocorticoid-free cytosol contains two GRs, I and II, with
      possibly two different functions; (ii) activation involves the loss of bound TA
      from I and the transformation of II to III with increased pI; (iii) these two
      molecular events in GR activation are interdependent.

PMID- 6838196
TI  - Pancreatic porcine phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine
      in lecithin-bile salt mixed micelles: kinetic studies in a lecithin-sodium
      cholate system.
AB  - Pancreatic porcine phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine
      in bile salt lecithin mixed micelles has been studied, utilizing a series of
      assay mixtures for which the micellar size, weight, and composition had been
      experimentally determined. Under these conditions the enzymatic hydrolysis is
      dependent on the phosphatidylcholine-to-sodium cholate molar ratio within the
      mixed micelle rather than the bulk concentration of the phospholipid in the
      mixture: at 5 mM phosphatidylcholine, variation of the NPC/NNaCh ratio from 0.2
      to 2.0 increases the enzymatic activity from 82 to 933 mumol/min/mg protein. The
      initial rates are linear throughout the entire series of assay mixtures, the
      activity vs micellar concentration curves exhibit saturation behavior, and
      treatment of the data according to the "surface-as-cofactor" theory provides
      linear double-reciprocal plots which intersect in one point. The assay system
      should be applicable for detailed kinetic studies of lipolytic enzymes, including
      mammalian phospholipases which exhibit rather low activities toward lecithin
      Triton X-100 mixed micelles. The system should also provide a convenient basis
      for mechanistic studies involving the use of inhibitory phospholipid substrate
      analogs.

PMID- 6838197
TI  - Isolation of a fraction with Ca2+ ionophore properties from rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Isolation of a small protein with properties of a Ca2+ ionophore from calf heart
      mitochondria has recently been reported [A. Y. Jeng and A. E. Shamoo, 1980, J.
      Biol. Chem. 255, 6897, 6904]. We have isolated a fraction with similar physical
      and chemical properties from rat liver mitochondria. In particular, the hepatic
      preparation is able to bind Ca2+ with high affinity in such a fashion that the
      resultant complex is soluble in a hydrophobic phase. It will also transport Ca2+
      through a stirred organic phase (Pressman cell). Interaction of the liver
      preparation with Ca2+ is sensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
      The hepatic preparation contains both protein and lipid components. The
      phospholipid components were identified and the behavior of a similar mixture of
      commercially available phospholipids was compared to that of the ionophore
      fraction from rat liver mitochondria. All of the Ca2+ binding properties of the
      rat liver preparation could be mimicked by the lipids. In a preliminary
      experiment, reduction of the phospholipid content of the preparation to less than
      one lipid phosphate per protein molecule (assuming a molecular weight of 3000 by
      analogy with the calf heart case) resulted in a protein that was unable to bind
      Ca2+. We, therefore, suggest that the ability of the preparation to interact with
      Ca2+ is due to the constituent phospholipids. Measurements of phospholipid-Ca2+
      interactions in the model systems and under the conditions of low (microM) Ca2+
      and phospholipid concentration utilized here demonstrated an affinity for Ca2+
      (Ks approximately 1 microM) and a cation selectivity that have not previously
      been reported.

PMID- 6838198
TI  - The nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen.
AB  - Calf skin acid-soluble collagen, containing about 34 residues of lysine plus
      hydroxylysine per 100,000 dalton polypeptide chain, was treated with [14C]glucose
      in the presence or absence of NaCNBH3. In 144 h, under the conditions employed,
      the presence of NaCNBH3 increased the extent of glycosylation from 8 to 15% of
      the total residues of lysine plus hydroxylysine. The extent of glycosylation was
      estimated, using acid hydrolysates of the protein, by isolation and determination
      of reduced adducts (1-lysinohexitols) employing a system of paper chromatography
      followed by chromatography on an amino acid analyzer. By those means the
      difficulties of using specific color reactions such as that with thiobarbituric
      acid were obviated. Identification of the reduced adducts as forms of 1
      lysinohexitol was made by comparison of that substance prepared by treatment of
      polylysine with [14C]glucose in the presence of NaCNBH3. Of interest is the fact
      that treatment of the polymer with glucose for 144 h under conditions similar to
      those used for the collagen, resulted in an increase of extent of glycosylation
      from 3 to about 50% of the total lysine residues when NaCNBH3 was present in the
      incubation medium. The greater degree of glycosylation of lysine residues in
      polylysine as compared with collagen (15 versus about 50%) may be ascribed to the
      different orders of macromolecular structure in the protein that could sequester
      certain of the residues from reaction with glucose. 1-Lysinohexitol was also
      identified in hydrolysates of neutral salt-soluble guinea pig skin collagen that
      had been reacted with glucose and then treated with NaB3H4. The glycosylated
      collagens were fragmented by treatment with CNBr, and modified lysine residues
      were found to occur along the entire length of the collagen chains. The use of
      NaCNBH3 in the manner described above permits measurement of both aldimine and
      ketoamine forms of the adducts made with glucose. The possible physiological
      significance of the reversibility of the ketoamine form of adduct is discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 6838195
TI  - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase:alcohol and the mechanism of action.
AB  - Mixed-solvent systems of methanol and other alcohols and water were used to study
      the properties of bovine phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. The presence of
      methanol decreased the binding affinity of the enzyme for its amine substrate but
      did not alter the maximum velocity. The change in binding was accompanied by an
      alkaline shift in the pK of an ionizable group in the active site. The well-known
      property of enzyme inhibition by substrate was also alleviated. Increasing the pH
      of the medium, in the presence or absence of methanol, increased the maximum
      velocity but did not alter substrate inhibition. It is proposed that substrate
      inhibition is due in part to the ionic state of a single unidentified ionizable
      group in the active site of the enzyme and to a slow release of product. Evidence
      that an essential, pH-dependent sulfhydryl modulates product release is
      presented. The properties of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase are quite
      responsive to changes in pH, ionic strength, and water content so that the enzyme
      may well be regulated at the microenvironmental level.

PMID- 6838199
TI  - Structural requirements for anion substrates of the methotrexate transport system
      in L1210 cells.
AB  - A broad spectrum of structurally diverse anions reversibly inhibits the influx of
      methotrexate in L1210 cells. Several of the more effective anions and their
      respective inhibition constants (Ki values) were: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (0.3
      microM), bromosulfophthalein (2 microM), thiamine pyrophosphate (3 microM), 8
      anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (7 microM), phthalate (20 microM), and AMP (50
      microM). Moderate inhibition was observed with Pi (Ki = 400 microM) and other
      divalent inorganic anions, while small monovalent anions such as Cl- (Ki = 30 mM)
      were the least effective. When these same anions were tested for an effect on
      methotrexate efflux, stimulation was observed with some anions, while others had
      no effect. Enhancement was produced by folate compounds and p-amino
      benzoylglutamate, small monovalent (e.g., Cl-, acetate, and lactate) and divalent
      (e.g., phosphate and succinate) anions, a few nucleotides (e.g., AMP), and
      thiamine pyrophosphate, while little or no effect was associated with trivalent
      anions (e.g., citrate), most nucleotides, and large organic anions (e.g.,
      bromosulfophthalein, NAD, and NADP). Anions with the ability to promote
      methotrexate efflux in control cells lost this capacity upon exposure of the
      cells to an irreversible inhibitor of methotrexate influx. These results support
      the hypothesis that methotrexate transport proceeds via an anion-exchange
      mechanism and moreover provide evidence that anion substrates for this system can
      be identified by their ability to promote methotrexate efflux. Anions which
      appear most likely to participate in this exchange cycle in vivo are Pi and AMP.

PMID- 6838200
TI  - Proteoglycans from the substratum adhesion sites of MSV-transformed BALB/c 3T3
      cells.
AB  - Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cells (KiMSV) are highly
      tumorigenic and metastatic in the appropriate murine host, are loosely adherent
      to the tissue culture substratum, and can be readily detached from the substratum
      by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid treatment
      leaving their adhesion sites as substratum-attached material. Both long-term
      culture-generated adhesion sites (L-SAM) of KiMSV cells and newly formed adhesion
      sites of reattaching cells (R-SAM) contain high levels of hyaluronate (HA) and
      chondroitin sulfate (CS) whereas the R-SAM of parental Balb/c 3T3 cells is
      enriched in heparan sulfate (HS). A sizable fraction of KiMSV L-SAM proteoglycans
      (PG) and a smaller fraction of R-SAM PG's aggregate into two size classes of
      supramolecular complexes, after extraction off the substratum with 4 M guanidine
      hydrochloride, as determined by chromatography on columns of Sepharose CL2B in
      several buffer systems. Isopycnic density gradient analyses under associative
      conditions of KiMSV L-SAM generated three classes of material--high-density GA1
      which contained some HA but principally CS and HS; intermediate-density GA2 which
      contained only HA; and low-density GA3 which contained some HA and principally
      glycoprotein. R-SAM gradients contained no GA2 but a sizable amount of "low
      density" HA in GA3. When centrifuged under dissociative conditions, most of GA1
      and all of GA2 from L-SAM shifted to the top of the gradient, whereas most of the
      HS-PG in R-SAM remained at the bottom of dissociative gradients. Comparison of
      these analyses with previous analyses of Balb/c 3T3 extracts demonstrates that
      (a) KiMSV cells generate adhesion sites with different PG contents than 3T3
      sites; (b) the PG's of KiMSV sites have a reduced potential to aggregate into
      high-molecular-weight complexes but do form intermediate-size complexes not
      apparent in material from 3T3 sites; (c) these data support the hypothesis that
      HA is important in detachment of cells from extracellular matrices; and (d) HS
      PG's in newly formed adhesion sites of KiMSV cells are considerably different
      from sites which have "matured," indicating that there is metabolic activity in
      these sites during prolonged adherence and movement of transformed cells.

PMID- 6838201
TI  - Induced Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by sulfhydryl
      reagents and chlorpromazine.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized membrane system in muscle involved in the
      energized uptake, storage, and release of Ca2+. The sulfhydryl content of normal
      and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum was measured using Ellman reagent. For
      both preparations, we find 17 and 26 mol sulfhydryls per mole calcium pump
      protein assayed in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum, which triggers muscle contraction,
      likely involves the regulation of a channel. This report deals with an
      experimental approach to studying the Ca2+ release in isolated sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. We find that sulfhydryl agents of which water-soluble mercurials were
      most effective induce Ca2+ release. Chlorpromazine acts synergistically with the
      sulfhydryl reagents. Ca2+ release under optimal conditions is very rapid compared
      with calcium leakage from preloaded but untreated sarcoplasmic reticulum. The
      imposed rapid release of Ca2+ is suggestive of the opening of a channel. Ca2+
      release by mercurials is retained in reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum
      membrane vesicles.

PMID- 6838202
TI  - Differential effects of phospholipids on skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity
      in extracts, in situ and in circulation.
AB  - Human skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) purified from human bone was subject to
      competitive inhibitions by phospholipids including cephalins, lecithins, and
      phosphatidylinositol. Ki values ranged from 0.7 to 1.5 mM, at pH 9.5. As
      previously shown, the enzyme was subject to uncompetitive inhibition by
      imidazole. The inhibitory phospholipids potentiated this effect, and altered the
      nature of the imidazole inhibition, from uncompetitive to mixed type, suggesting
      that imidazole was bound more efficiently to the enzyme-phospholipid complex than
      to the enzyme-substrate complex. No interactions were observed between
      phospholipids and other uncompetitive inhibitors of ALP. The skeletal ALP
      activity of cultured chick calvarial cells was assayed both in situ and in
      extracts. Like the extracted human isoenzyme, the extracted chick ALP was subject
      to competitive inhibition by cephalin (Ki = 0.3 mM at pH 9.3) and an inhibitory
      interaction between cephalin and imidazole, but the same isoenzyme showed neither
      effect in situ. The value of Km,PNPP at pH 9.5 for chick skeletal ALP was 1.5 mM
      in extracts and 7.1 mM in situ. When embryonic chick bones were cultured in
      vitro, skeletal ALP activity was released into the serum-free medium. Unlike the
      same isoenzyme extracted from the bones, the ALP activity in the medium was not
      inhibited by cephalin and showed no inhibitory interaction between cephalin and
      imidazole. Similarly, human serum ALP activities were not as sensitive to
      phospholipid inhibition as the same isoenzymes extracted from tissues. Human
      skeletal ALP extracted from bone was inhibited by cephalin, but the skeletal
      isoenzyme in Pagetic serum was not, suggesting that the potential for
      phospholipid interaction was altered during or after release from osteoblast cell
      membranes. The observation that extracted human skeletal ALP lost its potential
      for inhibition by phospholipids after treatment with phospholipase C further
      suggests that ALP activity may be released from cells during membrane turnover.

PMID- 6838203
TI  - Arginine-specific modification of rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase:
      differences in the inactivation by phenylglyoxal and butanedione and in the
      protection by substrate analogs.
AB  - Rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase was modified with phenylglyoxal or 2,3
      butanedione, the reaction with either reagent resulting in loss of enzymatic
      activity in a biphasic mode. At slightly alkaline pH butanedione was found to be
      approximately six times as effective as phenylglyoxal. The inactivation process
      could not be significantly reversed by removal of the modifier. Competitive
      inhibitors of the enzyme protected partially against loss of enzyme activity by
      either modification. The only kind of amino acid residue affected was arginine.
      However, more than one arginine residue per enzyme subunit was found to be
      susceptible to modification by the dicarbonyl reagents. From protection
      experiments it was concluded (i) that both modifiers react specifically with an
      arginine in the phosphoglucose isomerase active site and nonspecifically with one
      or more arginine residues elsewhere in the enzyme molecule, (ii) that
      modification at either loci causes loss of catalytic activity, and (iii) that
      butanedione has a higher preference for active site arginine than for arginine
      residues outside of the catalytic center whereas the opposite is true for
      phenylglyoxal.

PMID- 6838204
TI  - The lung lamellar body as a functioning membrane in protein-catalyzed
      phosphatidylcholine transfer.
AB  - Lung lamellar bodies and liver mitochondria were used to demonstrate that soluble
      phospholipid transfer proteins from lung transfer phosphatidylcholine to both of
      these acceptors. The initial rate of transfer to lung lamellar bodies is about
      half that of the rate of transfer to the liver mitochondria when both acceptor
      membranes are present at saturating concentrations. Phosphatidylcholine
      unilamellar vesicles were used to demonstrate that the fatty acyl composition of
      the membrane phosphatidylcholine is a significant determinant of the rate of
      phosphatidylcholine transfer catalyzed by these proteins. The lamellar bodies
      have a unique phosphatidylcholine composition, and these studies suggest that
      this is an important factor in determining the lower initial rate of transfer to
      lamellar bodies. The studies have also characterized two phospholipid transfer
      proteins in rat lung in terms of isoelectric point. Isoelectric points for the
      two proteins which transfer phosphatidylcholine were found to be 5.6 +/- 0.08 and
      6.2 +/- 0.03.

PMID- 6838205
TI  - Interaction of ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase with thylakoids.
AB  - Ferredoxin-NADP reductase accounts for about 50% of the NADPH diaphorase activity
      of spinach leaf homogenates. The enzyme is bound to thylakoid membranes, but can
      be slowly extracted by aqueous buffers. Ferredoxin-NADP reductase can be
      extracted from the membranes by a 1- to 2-min treatment with a low concentration
      of trypsin. This treatment completely inactivates NADP photoreduction but does
      not affect electron transport from water to ferredoxin. It is shown that the
      inactivation is due to solubilization of ferredoxin-NADP reductase: the activity
      can be restored by addition of a very large excess of soluble enzyme in pure
      form. When ferredoxin-NADP reductase is added as a soluble enzyme after
      extraction or inactivation (by a specific antibody) of the membrane-bound enzyme,
      NADP photoreduction requires a very large excess of this enzyme, and the apparent
      Km for ferredoxin is also increased. These observations are discussed as related
      to the interactions of thylakoids with ferredoxin-NADP reductase.

PMID- 6838206
TI  - Cardiac carnitine deficiency and altered carnitine transport in cardiomyopathic
      hamsters.
AB  - The Bio 14.6 hamster has a well-documented cardiomyopathy which leads to
      congestive heart failure. Previous work demonstrated that hearts from these
      hamsters have depressed fatty acid oxidation and depressed carnitine
      concentrations compared to those of normal hamsters. Analyses of tissue carnitine
      concentrations from 40 to 464 days of age demonstrate that the cardiomyopathic
      hamsters have a cardiac carnitine deficiency throughout life. Therefore, the
      carnitine deficiency is not a secondary effect of an advanced stage of the
      cardiomyopathy. Both the observation that other tissues of the cardiomyopathic
      hamster have normal or markedly elevated carnitine concentrations and the
      observation that oral carnitine treatment could not increase the cardiac
      carnitine concentrations to those of normal hamsters are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the cardiac carnitine deficiency is the result of a defective
      cardiac transport mechanism. Cardiac carnitine-binding protein (which may
      function in the cardiac carnitine transport mechanism) prepared from hearts of
      cardiomyopathic hamsters had a lower maximal carnitine binding and an increased
      dissociation constant for carnitine compared to the cardiac carnitine-binding
      protein prepared from normal hamsters. Thus, several types of data indicate that
      the cardiomyopathic hamster has an altered cardiac carnitine transport mechanism.

PMID- 6838207
TI  - Purification and characterization of N1-methylnicotinamide oxidases I and II
      separated from rat liver.
AB  - N1-Methylnicotinamide (1-CH3Nmd) oxidases I and II of the livers of Wistar strain
      male rats were separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and purified by
      AcA 34 gel filtration, Affi-Gel blue column chromatography, and sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation. These two enzymes were purified 568- and 82-fold with
      yields of 1.4 and 0.1% of the total activity in the liver homogenate,
      respectively. They showed the same molecular weight of 300,000 by AcA 34 gel
      filtration and a single protein band with a molecular weight of 150,000 in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The difference in
      antigenicities of these two enzymes was observed with double immunodiffusion and
      immunoprecipitation using antibody produced in rabbits against each enzyme.
      Furthermore, these two enzymes were found to be different from each other in the
      heat stability, optimum pH values, Km values for 1-CH3Nmd, and response to
      various inhibitors.

PMID- 6838208
TI  - Nonionic detergent effects on spectroscopic characteristics and the photocycle of
      bacteriorhodopsin in purple membranes.
AB  - Treatment of purple membranes isolated from Halobacterium halobium with nonionic
      detergents caused the following effects in addition to solubilizing
      bacteriorhodopsin: a blue shift of the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin;
      an increase in tryptophan fluorescence of about twofold; an enhanced rate of
      bleaching in the presence of hydroxylamine; and the disappearance of the negative
      exciton band in the CD spectrum at 600 nm. Crosslinking of purple membranes by
      glutaraldehyde can prevent solubilization of bacteriorhodopsin by detergents.
      However, only the effect on the CD spectrum by detergents can be inhibited by
      crosslinking of the purple membranes prior to detergent treatment. Photocycle
      kinetics studies revealed that the apparent pK of the slow component of the M412
      decay was decreased by the detergent treatment while the rise time for M412
      formation is accelerated two- to threefold. Crosslinking also did not prevent
      these effects. These results demonstrate that nonionic detergents, apart from
      their action to monomerize bacteriorhodopsin, also affect retinal-apoprotein
      interactions.

PMID- 6838209
TI  - Occurrence of molybdenum in the nicotinic acid hydroxylase from Clostridium
      barkeri.
AB  - Molybdenum, assayed by atomic absorption spectrometry, copurifies with the
      selenium-containing nicotinic acid hydroxylase from Clostridium barkeri.
      Fluorescence spectral studies on the enzyme indicate the presence, along with
      flavin, of another component. The fluorescence spectra of this component obtained
      after the aerobic denaturation of the nicotinic acid hydroxylase are similar to
      the fluorescence properties reported for the "pterin-like" cofactor from xanthine
      oxidase and several other molybdoproteins. Nicotinic acid hydroxylase from C.
      barkeri contains molybdenum, selenium, iron, acid-labile sulfur, and flavin with
      the occurrence of a "pterin-like" cofactor also a likely component.

PMID- 6838210
TI  - Distribution of thymosin beta 4 in vertebrate classes.
AB  - A peptide containing 43 amino acid residues, rich in glutamic acid and lysine,
      was originally isolated from calf thymus and designated thymosin beta 4 [T.L.K.
      Low, S. -K. Hu, and A. L. Goldstein (1981) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 1162
      1166]. However, thymosin beta 4 was also shown to be present in other tissues of
      rats and mice, with highest concentrations in spleen and peritoneal macrophages
      [E. Hannappel, G.-J. Xu, J. Morgan, J. Hempstead, and B.L. Horecker (1982), Proc.
      Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2172-2175]. We have now identified the same peptide in
      tissues of other mammalian species and other vertebrate classes, including birds
      and amphibia. Exceptions are the rabbit and bony fish, where thymosin beta 4 is
      replaced by different peptides, similar in size and in amino acid sequence. None
      of these peptides was detected in several invertebrates or in the protozoan,
      Tetrahymena pyriformis. In subcellular fractionation of rat spleen, thymosin beta
      4 was recovered in the cytosol.

PMID- 6838211
TI  - Studies on the pathway of methane formation from procarbazine, a 2
      methylbenzylhydrazine derivative, by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The oxidative metabolism of procarbazine, its azo, hydrazone, and two azoxy
      derivatives, and methylhydrazine by hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital
      pretreated rats was investigated to elucidate the pathway of metabolism that
      resulted in methane formation from procarbazine. When incubated with microsomal
      reaction mixtures fortified with NADPH, all of the compounds, except the azoxy
      isomers, were metabolized to yield methane. A lag phase in methane formation was
      noted for procarbazine, but not for the other compounds. Kinetic and inhibition
      studies utilizing methimazole and ethylhydrazine precluded methylhydrazine as an
      intermediate in methane formation from procarbazine. When the azo derivative was
      oxidatively metabolized in the presence of liver microsomes, no hydrazone
      tautomer was detected. Upon monitoring the production of the azo and hydrazone
      metabolites formed during microsomal metabolism of procarbazine, the azo
      derivative was formed in sufficient quantities to account for the majority of the
      methane produced. In addition, small amounts of hydrazone were also detected. It
      was concluded that both the azo and hydrazone metabolites of procarbazine
      contribute to methane formation from the terminal methyl group of the hydrazine
      with the azo derivative being the predominant source and the hydrazone derivative
      being a minor source of methane. Consideration of the chemical and enzymatic
      pathways of procarbazine oxidation and the implication of a methyl radical
      intermediate in methane formation are discussed.

PMID- 6838212
TI  - The action spectrum and phototransformations of pterobilin (biliverdin IX gamma).
AB  - Pterobilin 1 (biliverdin IX gamma), a butterfly bile pigment, is photocyclized
      into phorcabilin 2 and sarpedobilin 3 by irradiation in visible light. Selective
      irradiations have now been performed at the absorption maxima of pterobilin 1.
      The 650-nm radiations are responsible for the observed photocyclizations while
      the 375-nm radiations lead to decomposition products. These results are discussed
      in connection with a hypothesis concerning the biological role of pterobilin in
      butterfly larvae.

PMID- 6838213
TI  - Thymosin beta 4 in cultured mammalian cell lines.
AB  - Thymosin beta 4, originally isolated from calf thymus [Low et al., Proc. Nat.
      Acad. Sci. USA 78, 1162-1166 (1981)] is present in a number of cell lines
      unrelated to the reticuloendothelium, including myoblasts and fibroblasts. It is
      also actively synthesized by these cell lines. Its content and rate of synthesis
      in the cell lines examined appear to be correlated with their ability to adhere
      and their motility.

PMID- 6838214
TI  - Heterogeneity of proteoglycans in monkey corneal stroma.
AB  - The proteoglycans of the cynomolgus monkey corneal stroma were isolated and
      characterized by using a combination of physiochemical and biochemical methods.
      Proteoglycans were biosynthetically radiolabeled by incubating whole corneas in
      medium containing [35S]sulfate and either [3H]serine or [3H]mannose as
      precursors. Macromolecules were extracted from the corneal stromas with 4 M
      guanidine-HCl. After dialysis into 8 M urea, proteoglycans in the extracts were
      initially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. A portion of the
      proteoglycan fraction was digested with chondroitinase ABC, and the keratan
      sulfate proteoglycans were then isolated by rechromatography of the digest on
      DEAE-cellulose. Another portion of the proteoglycan fraction was digested with
      endo-beta-galactosidase and the dermatan sulfate-proteoglycans were then isolated
      by chromatography of the digest on Sepharose CL-4B. Each proteoglycan population
      was further fractionated by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and by
      CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Four subpopulations for both the keratan
      sulfate proteoglycans and the dermatan sulfate proteoglycans were isolated. Based
      on differences in binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose, buoyant densities, and
      glycosaminoglycan content, subpopulations of each proteoglycan differ by the
      number and properties of both the glycosaminoglycan chains and the mannose
      containing oligosaccharides attached to their protein core.

PMID- 6838216
TI  - Formation of 3-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl) and 9-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl) nucleosides
      of 8-substituted purines by nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase.
AB  - Earlier results suggested that although the N-deoxyribosyltransferase from
      lactobacilli is a convenient tool for the preparation of analogs of 2'
      deoxyadenosine, 8-substituted purines do not act as substrates. However, eight of
      nine 8-substituted purines that were examined proved to be substrates for the
      transferase from Lactobacillus leichmannii, and deoxyribonucleosides of four of
      these bases have been prepared. The substituents at C-8 of the purine greatly
      affect the rate of deoxyribosyl transfer to the base, and in all cases the rate
      is slower than transfer to purines lacking an 8-substituent. The 8-substituent
      also affects the nature of the nucleoside formed. With the electron-donating
      methyl group at position 8 of adenine, the transferase forms the expected 8
      methyl-9-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)adenine. However, when purines bearing an
      electron-withdrawing substituent at the 8-position are used as substrates, the
      deoxyribosyl moiety is preferentially transferred to N-3 of the base. In the case
      of 8-trifluoromethyladenine the 3-deoxyribonucleoside is the only product
      detectable. With 8-bromo or 8-chloroadenine as substrate the 3- and 9
      deoxyribonucleosides can both be isolated from the enzymatic reaction mixture.
      Time course studies indicated that with thymidine and 8-bromoadenine as
      substrates the 3-deoxyribonucleoside is initially the major product, but that the
      9-deoxyribonucleoside becomes the major product after long incubation periods.
      Negligible interconversion of these nucleosides occurs in the absence of
      transferase, but conversion in either direction occurs readily in the presence of
      the enzyme. Significant hydrolysis of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleosides
      occurs in the presence of the transferase. This was more obvious during the
      course of reactions involving 8-substituted purines because the slowness of
      deoxyribosyl transfer required longer incubation periods and larger amounts of
      enzyme. The hydrolysis is proportional to enzyme concentration, little affected
      by the nature of the base and is attributed to hydrolysis of a deoxyribosyl
      derivative of the transferase which is an obligatory intermediate of deoxyribosyl
      transfer. 8-Trifluoromethyl-3-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)adenine, 8-methyl-9-(2'
      deoxyribofuranosyl)adenine, and 8-bromo-9-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)adenine were
      tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of CCRF-CEM cells in culture.
      Unlike the potent 2-halogeno-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives, these three
      nucleosides cause less than 50% inhibition at concentrations up to 100 microM.

PMID- 6838215
TI  - Carnitine octanoyltransferase of mouse liver peroxisomes: properties and effect
      of hypolipidemic drugs.
AB  - Carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) in 500g supernatant fluids from mouse liver
      has a specific activity at least twice that of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT)
      or carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT). When mice are fed diets containing the
      lipid-lowering drugs, clofibrate or nafenopin, the specific activity of COT
      increases 4- and 11-fold, respectively. Liver homogenates from mice fed a control
      diet, and diets containing clofibrate, nafenopin, or Wy-14,643 were fractionated
      by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the subcellular distribution of carnitine
      acyltransferases was determined. In the controls, peroxisomes contained about 70%
      of the total COT. The specific activity of COT in the peroxisomal peak was 12
      fold greater than either CAT or CPT, and 20-fold greater than the COT activity in
      the mitochondrial fraction. Treatment with hypolipidemic drugs increased the
      specific activity of peroxisomal COT 2- to 3-fold and CAT 6- to 12-fold, while
      mitochondrial COT increased 5- to 11-fold and CAT 19- to 54-fold. COT was
      purified to homogeneity from livers of mice treated with Wy-14,643. It had an
      apparent Mr of 60,000 by Sephadex G-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a maximum activity for octanoyl-CoA with
      acetyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA having activities of 2 and 10%, respectively, when
      100 microM acyl-CoA substrates were used. The Km's for 1-carnitine, octanoyl-CoA,
      palmitoyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA were 130, 15, 69, and 155 microM, respectively, in
      the forward direction; and in the reverse direction were 110, 100, 104, and 783
      microM for CoASH, octanoylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, and acetylcarnitine,
      respectively. With Vmax conditions, acetyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA had activities
      of 8 and 26% of the activity for octanoyl-CoA, and acetylcarnitine and
      palmitoylcarnitine had activities of 7 and 22%, respectively, of the activity for
      octanoylcarnitine. It is concluded that COT is a separate enzyme present in large
      amounts in the matrix of mouse liver peroxisomes, with kinetic properties that
      greatly favor medium-chain acylcarnitine formation.

PMID- 6838217
TI  - Aging-related decreases in hepatic mitochondrial and cytosolic delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthase during experimental porphyria.
AB  - The basal- and allylisopropylacetamide-induced activities of the first enzyme of
      heme biosynthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) were measured in
      hepatic mitochondria and cytosol of young, adult, and aged Fisher 344 rats. The
      total cellular ALAS activity induced by allylisopropylacetamide decreased 67%
      with age. The specific activity of mitochondrial ALAS in normal and induced
      animals decreased with aging when assayed in whole or broken mitochondria. The
      levels of ALAS which accumulated in the cytosol after allylisopropylacetamide
      administration were proportionally greater in both the young and senescent than
      in the mature animals. During aging, no evidence for a fragile population of
      mitochondria in either normal or induced animals was observed suggesting that
      mitochondrial matrix proteins are not released during homogenization. The hepatic
      mitochondrial content decreased during aging when calculated using both a
      membrane-bound marker enzyme cytochrome oxidase and a matrix marker enzyme
      citrate synthase and was unaffected by allylisopropylacetamide treatment. This
      reduced mitochondrial content further diminishes the level of functional ALAS
      available in the liver during senescence. This study confirms the age-dependent
      decrease in mitochondria ALAS in normal and induced animals and also suggests an
      age-related change in the process by which cytosolic ALAS is translocated into
      the mitochondria.

PMID- 6838218
TI  - The dependence of the molecular dynamics of calmodulin upon pH and ionic
      strength.
AB  - The mobilities of several fluorescent probes placed at different locations on
      calmodulin in the absence of Ca2+ have been found to depend upon the charge,
      ionic strength, and temperature. In general, the time decay of fluorescence
      anisotropy could be fitted with two rotational correlation times. The shorter of
      these reflects primarily the motion of the probe itself, while the longer
      corresponds to the motion of a major portion of the molecule. An increase in
      ionic strength or a decrease in net charge results in a decrease in the relative
      amplitude of the shorter correlation time, while an increase in temperature
      produces an increase in its amplitude. These results are consistent with, and
      suggest, that an increase in probe mobility accompanies an expansion of the
      calmodulin molecule under conditions of high electrostatic stress.

PMID- 6838219
TI  - Pyruvate kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate by ATP
      and concomitant inactivation of the enzyme.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate by
      ATP. The product (3-nitro-2-phosphopropionate) decomposes nonenzymatically and
      inactivates the enzyme. The inactivation process is irreversible and the enzyme
      is completely protected against inactivation by mercaptoethanol or the
      competitive inhibitor oxalate. The Km for 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate (DL) is 40
      mM and kcat = 5 s-1 at pH 8.6. In terms of kcat/km, 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate
      is a fourfold better substrate than glycolate.

PMID- 6838220
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: effect of detergent concentrations, vitamin K
      status, and added protein precursors on activity.
AB  - Activity of the rat liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase has been
      studied at various concentrations of detergent. The activity which could be
      solubilized by 0.25% Triton X-100 was low but could be greatly increased if
      vitamin K-deficient rats were given vitamin K a few minutes before they were
      killed. At higher concentrations of Triton, more activity was solubilized and
      this effect was not seen. In vitro carboxylation of endogenous microsomal
      proteins was decreased by 80-90% if vitamin K was administered 1 min before rats
      were killed, but the amount of assayable prothrombin precursor was decreased by
      only 20%. Decarboxylated vitamin K-dependent rat plasma proteins were not
      substrates for the carboxylase and did not influence peptide carboxylase activity
      significantly. Purified microsomal prothrombin precursors did, however, stimulate
      carboxylation of peptide substrate and were used as a substrate for the
      carboxylase in a preparation from precursor depleted vitamin K-deficient rats.

PMID- 6838221
TI  - The geometry of the thioester group and its implications for the chemistry of
      acyl coenzyme A.

PMID- 6838222
TI  - Membrane receptors for Vicia graminea anti-N lectin and its binding to native and
      neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes.

PMID- 6838224
TI  - The effect of aromatic CoA esters on fatty acid synthetase: biosynthesis of omega
      phenyl fatty acids.
AB  - Aromatic carboxylic acids ingested by, or formed in, the body can be converted to
      the CoA derivatives but the possible metabolic fate of these thioesters has not
      been investigated extensively. We have examined the effects of two such
      thioesters, benzoyl-CoA and phenylacetyl-CoA, on the mammalian fatty acid
      synthetase. Benzoyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme, apparently by competing with acetyl
      CoA and malonyl-CoA for substrate binding sites. Phenylacetyl-CoA, on the other
      hand, could replace acetyl-CoA as a primer for the fatty acid synthetase
      reaction; the product was almost exclusively omega-phenyldodecanoic acid. The Km
      of the synthetase for phenylacetyl-CoA was considerably higher than that for
      acetyl-CoA and the rate of synthesis of omega-phenyldodecanoic acid was only 16%
      of that of palmitic acid. Experiments in which the rate of synthesis and release
      of omega-phenyl moieties from the synthetase was compared with that of n
      aliphatic moieties indicated that the rate limiting step was the initiation of
      chain growth from phenylacetyl-CoA; release of the synthesized acyl moieties by
      chain terminating thioesterases was equally rapid in the case of omega-phenyl and
      n-aliphatic acids. Possible metabolic consequences of the effects of these
      aromatic CoA esters on lipogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 6838223
TI  - Differences in iodinated peptides and thyroid hormone formation after chemical
      and thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed iodination of human thyroglobulin.
AB  - The distribution of iodine among the polypeptides of human goiter thyroglobulin
      (Tg) was examined. Tg was iodinated in vitro with 131I to levels of 2 to 84 gram
      atoms (g.a.)/mol using thyroid peroxidase (TPO) or a chemical iodination system.
      The samples were reduced, alkylated, and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two low-molecular-weight peptides appeared
      preferentially in radioautograms of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels of TPO
      iodinated samples. Iodination of these peptides increased sharply in the TPO
      treated Tg as the level of total iodine/molecule rose. Radioiodine was
      incorporated into these same gel regions in the chemically treated Tg, but only
      after much higher levels of total iodination were reached. Differences in
      iodoamino acid distribution were also noted between the chemically and
      enzymatically iodinated thyroglobulins. In the chemically iodinated samples,
      little thyroxine (T4) was synthesized, even at high iodine levels. In the TPO
      treated samples only small amounts of T4 were seen below 14 g.a. total I/mol,
      while at or above that level of iodination T4 formation increased sharply. To
      examine the coupling process, Tg was chemically iodinated, excess I- removed, and
      the samples treated with TPO and a H2O2-generating system in the absence of
      iodide. Radioautograms obtained from SDS-polyacrylamide gels of reduced and
      alkylated protein from such coupling assays showed an increase in the level of
      iodine in the low-molecular-weight peptides after TPO treatment. Thyroxine
      production also increased with TPO treatment. The addition of free DIT (a known
      coupling enhancer) to the [131I]Tg/TPO incubation increased both the production
      of T4 and the amount of iodine in the smaller polypeptides. Two-dimensional maps
      prepared from CNBr-digested TG showed differences between the coupled and
      uncoupled samples. Our observations confirm the importance of the low-molecular
      weight peptides derived from Tg in thyroid hormone synthesis. At total iodine
      levels above 14 g.a./mol Tg in enzymatically treated samples there is selective
      incorporation of iodine into both the low-molecular-weight polypeptides and into
      thyroid hormone.

PMID- 6838225
TI  - Interconversions between different sulfhydryl-related kinetic states in
      glucokinase.
AB  - Rat liver glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) undergoes two distinct sulfhydryl-related
      reversible kinetic transitions. During normal assays in the presence of both
      substrates but without added reducing agents, the activity decays ("kappa" decay)
      over time to a new steady-state rate. The half-time for this decay is essentially
      constant at glucose levels from 2 to 200 mM and averages 6.2 +/- 2 min.
      Glucokinase in this kappa steady state displays an increased Km for glucose but
      has the same Vmax as normal, sulfhydryl-activated glucokinase. The kappa form
      does not itself exhibit kinetic cooperativity with glucose. In contrast,
      glucokinase incubated with neither glucose nor sulfhydryl reagents decays (mu
      decay) to a form whose Vmax is near zero. The t 1/2 for this transition is about
      0.5 min at 0 or very low (0.5 mM) glucose concentrations. For both decays,
      incubations of enzyme with intermediate levels of reducing agents give steady
      state mixtures of activated and either kappa and/or mu forms, depending on
      conditions during the decay. Enzyme at intermediate stages of the kappa decay
      displays an unchanged Vmax, intermediate (increased relative to activated enzyme)
      glucose S0.5 values, and diminished glucose cooperativity. In contrast, enzyme at
      intermediate steady-state mixtures of activated and mu forms has a normal glucose
      S0.5 and cooperativity but a diminished Vmax from the activated states. The
      enzyme at any stage of each decay may be fully reactivated by the addition of
      sulfhydryl reducing agents such as dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol, glutathione,
      or mercaptoethanol. A model is proposed to account for this complex behavior in
      glucokinase kinetics which proposes different enzymatic states (kappa and mu)
      locked in by sulfhydryl oxidation of different conformations dictated by glucose
      concentration. These sulfhydryl-related transitions may be important in
      regulation of glucokinase activity, since glucokinase is very sensitive (at least
      20-fold differential activity) to concentrations of glutathione within the
      physiological range, perhaps allowing the normally variable glutathione levels or
      cytosolic redox potential to modify the rate of uptake and storage of blood
      glucose through control of glucokinase activity.

PMID- 6838226
TI  - The alteration of gene expression in rat liver during chemical carcinogenesis.
AB  - The effect of the carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MDAB) on the
      gene expression of rat liver was studied. Hybridization analysis with enriched
      neoplastic liver specific cDNA demonstrated a noticeable change in gene
      expression during liver carcinogenesis. The effect of 3'-MDAB on liver specific
      gene expression was also studied with albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes
      as models. Serum AFP levels increased dramatically during hepatocarcinogenesis.
      Amounts of AFP mRNA present in polysomal poly(A)mRNA were determined by
      translation and hybridization experiments. AFP mRNA increased in carcinogen
      treated liver as the serum level of AFP increased. Increase of AFP mRNA in liver
      cytoplasmic RNAs can be detected as early as 18 days after feeding rats 3'-MDAB
      and reached peaks at 30-40 and 185 days of treatment. AFP serum level and AFP
      mRNA in liver cytosol decreased dramatically between these peaks, with a small
      amount of AFP mRNA and serum AFP detectable in rats treated with 3'-MDAB for 100
      days. The increase in amount of AFP mRNA was due to an increase in transcription
      of the AFP gene in livers of rats treated with carcinogen. Only a slight change
      in serum albumin concentration and albumin mRNA in livers of rats treated with 3'
      MDAB was noticed.

PMID- 6838227
TI  - Net adenine nucleotide transport in rat liver mitochondria is affected by both
      the matrix and the external ATP/ADP ratios.
AB  - The adenine nucleotide pool size of rat liver mitochondria may be regulated by a
      transport mechanism which allows net movement of ATP or ADP across the inner
      mitochondrial membrane (J. R. Aprille and J. Austin (1981) Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 212, 689-699). Since transport can occur in either direction, and ATP is
      the preferred substrate, variations in the matrix or external ATP/ADP ratio were
      examined for an effect on the direction and rate of net adenine nucleotide flux.
      Fastest rates of net uptake were seen when the external ATP/ADP ratio was high
      and the internal ratio was low. Conversely, if the external ratio was low and the
      internal ratio was high, net loss was observed. The rate and direction of net
      transport were also changed by simply varying the external ATP concentration
      alone between 0 and 4 mM. Concentrations of less than 1 mM produced net loss of
      matrix adenines, whereas higher concentrations caused a net increase. The results
      suggest that changes in relative concentrations of ATP in the external and
      internal compartments can result in changes in the adenine nucleotide pool size.
      Another important result was clarification of earlier ambiguous findings with
      carboxyatractyloside. If care was taken to avoid changes in the matrix ATP/ADP
      ratio, the addition of carboxyatractyloside had no effect on either net uptake or
      net efflux of adenine nucleotides.

PMID- 6838228
TI  - Cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver: improved purification scheme and
      additional characterization of the enzyme in crude and pure form.
AB  - The previously published procedure (Kraus et al. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6523
      6528) for the purification of cystathionine beta-synthase [L-serine hydro-lyase
      (adding homocysteine) EC 4.2.1.22], a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme
      from human liver has been modified. The new procedure, starting with a liver
      homogenate "aged" for 7 days at 4 degrees C, yielded homogeneous enzyme purified
      over 3000-fold with a much improved yield. "Aging" of the enzyme in crude
      homogenates yields a form apparently smaller by gel electrophoresis and with
      significantly increased activity and antigenicity. This species of cystathionine
      beta-synthase does not form stable complexes with other proteins during
      purification as does the previously employed, freshly used species. An absorption
      spectrum and an amino acid composition of the pure enzyme were determined; the
      amino-terminal residue was shown to be methionine. The isoelectric points of
      holosynthase and aposynthase were estimated to be 5.2 and 5.6, respectively.
      Rabbit antiserum raised against the pure cystathionine beta-synthase was
      characterized using as antigen crude synthase from five different mammalian
      species as well as the pure human enzyme.

PMID- 6838229
TI  - The content of elastin in the uterine cervix.
AB  - Mature, crosslinked elastin has been isolated from 4 human and 12 monkey uterine
      cervices. A modification of previous methods for determination of elastin content
      was devised to quantitate the low amounts of elastin in the crude connective
      tissue of uterine cervices. The percentage of elastin was found to range between
      0.9 and 2.4% and did not appear to change at various stages of gestation.

PMID- 6838230
TI  - Surface-charge related actions of polylysine on thylakoid membranes.
AB  - Polycation binding to the negatively charged surface of chloroplast thylakoid
      membranes is known to cause an inhibition of photosystem I activity. It also
      interferes with the cation-dependent rearrangement of chlorophyll proteins in the
      thylakoid membrane. It was shown that added anions prevented or reversed the
      inhibition of photosystem I by polylysine without decreasing its binding to the
      membranes. Anions also caused a change in the interaction of the chlorophyll
      proteins in polylysine-treated thylakoids as indicated by an increase in the
      relative fluorescence intensity from photosystem II. In both cases, the relative
      effectiveness of the anions tested depended on their valence; for example, the
      tetravalent species Fe(CN)4-(6) was effective at concentration at least 2 orders
      of magnitude lower than the divalent species SO2-(4). These results suggest that
      anions act by screening the positive charge of the polylysine-coated membrane
      surface. Measurements of the response of the anionic fluorescent probe 1
      anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonate to an addition of anions to polylysine-treated
      thylakoids supported this contention. It was concluded that the action of
      polylysine on photosystem I and on the chlorophyll proteins is mediated by
      changes of the electrical properties of the thylakoid membrane and may not
      involve a direct binding of the polycation to the affected membrane proteins.

PMID- 6838232
TI  - The leech: of dermatologic interest?

PMID- 6838231
TI  - Cutaneous metastases to the scalp from carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 6838235
TI  - Detection of melanomas. Approach with radiolabeled false precursors of melanin
      synthesis.
AB  - Thiouracil is a thiol-containing pyrimidine that is selectively incorporated into
      cells that synthesize melanin. In an effort to delineate further the specificity
      and dynamics of uptake, we injected thiouracil labeled with radioactive carbon
      into S91 melanoma-bearing mice; biopsy specimens were taken of the tumors and
      organs at various time intervals thereafter. The data showed a substantial uptake
      of thiouracil by the melanomas, with peak uptake occurring at 24 hours. All other
      organs examined showed only minor amounts of radioactivity, which probably
      reflected the presence of thiouracil in the blood perfusing these tissues.
      Because of its incorporation into melanomas, the use of radioactive thiouracil
      has potential as a marker for tumor growth, as a diagnostic tracer compound, and
      as a carrier for chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 6838234
TI  - Familial lichen planus. A report of nine cases from four families with a brief
      review of the literature.
AB  - Nine members of four families, each of whom suffered from lichen planus, are
      described. The disease appears to differ from the nonfamilial form in its earlier
      age of onset, tendency to chronicity, increased severity, and the frequent
      presence of "atypical" disease.

PMID- 6838237
TI  - Acquired zinc deficiency in a breast-fed premature infant.
AB  - Zinc deficiency that was diagnosed at 14 weeks of age developed in a breast-fed
      premature infant. There was a rapid response to zinc supplements (20 mg/day) and
      therapy was stopped after three weeks without recurrent disease. The maternal
      breast milk had a low level of zinc and this could not be corrected by oral zinc
      supplements.

PMID- 6838233
TI  - Nails in sarcoidosis: response to treatment.

PMID- 6838236
TI  - Mycosis fungoides of the mastoid, middle ear, and CNS. Literature review of
      mycosis fungoides of the CNS.
AB  - Facial nerve paralysis developed in a man with tumor-stage mycosis fungoides
      (MF). Mastoidectomy disclosed that MF had involved the mastoid and middle ear.
      Meningeal lymphoma, confirmed by the finding of Sezary cells in the CSF, was
      subsequently established. Autopsy disclosed MF lymphoma in the leptomeninges,
      medulla, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. A unique feature was the formation of a
      communicating hydrocephalus. Case reports of 23 patients with MF of the CNS,
      including 21 autopsies, are reviewed. Practically all had tumor-stage or
      erythrodermic MF. Atypical mononuclear cells were found ante mortem in the CSF in
      eight patients. In contrast to other CNS lymphomas, bone marrow involvement was
      uncommon. Cranial, especially facial, nerve paralyses were often premonitory
      signs of meningeal lymphomas. Patients with MF having such symptoms should have
      cytologic examination of the CSF.

PMID- 6838238
TI  - Cutaneous lesions in hairy-cell leukemia. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A patient is described in whom cutaneous lesions were the initial manifestation
      of hairy-cell leukemia. Touch preparations made immediately on removal of a 3-mm
      punch biopsy specimen of the cutaneous lesions revealed acid-phosphatase
      positive, tartrate-resistant staining in the leukemic cells, and helped to
      establish the diagnosis. Specific eruptions occur in approximately 7% of patients
      with hairy-cell leukemia, appearing grossly as disseminated, erythematous
      maculopapules, with a perivascular mononuclear leukemic cell infiltrate seen
      microscopically. A review of the English literature indicates that cutaneous
      manifestations are not generally recognized as a diagnostic source in individuals
      with hairy-cell leukemia, and biopsy is seldom undertaken.

PMID- 6838239
TI  - Sweat gland tumor with glandular and spindle cell features.
AB  - We studied a sweat gland tumor by light and electron microscopy that displayed
      both well-differentiated glandular areas and an anaplastic spindle cell component
      suggestive of neuroendocrine differentiation. The Merkel cell or a primitive
      pleuropotential cell is considered to be the most likely cell of origin for this
      tumor.

PMID- 6838240
TI  - Pathology quiz case 2. Blue nevus (Jadassohn-Tieche).

PMID- 6838241
TI  - Pathology quiz case 1. Cutaneous metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 6838242
TI  - Leiomyoma of the scrotum.

PMID- 6838243
TI  - Multiple clear cell acanthomas.

PMID- 6838244
TI  - Activation of pulmonary tuberculosis following intralesional corticosteroids.

PMID- 6838245
TI  - Choosing investigations.

PMID- 6838246
TI  - Interrupted immunisation.

PMID- 6838247
TI  - Birthweights of babies born at home in a black rural community of Bophuthatswana,
      southern Africa.
AB  - In Africa, data on incidence of babies' low birthweight are based virtually
      exclusively on information derived from deliveries in hospitals. The incidence of
      low birthweight is about double that prevailing in developed countries. However,
      in a rural region in southern Africa, after painstakingly overcoming local
      strongly entrenched custom, it was found possible to organize the measurement of
      newborn babies born at home. It was found that the incidence of low birthweight
      was about half of that among babies born in hospitals--that is the proportion was
      similar to that of developed populations.

PMID- 6838248
TI  - Pseudomembranous croup.
AB  - During a 2-year period, 7 children were seen with a severe form of
      laryngotracheobronchitis associated with sloughing of the respiratory epithelium
      and profuse mucopurulent secretions. We have called this condition
      pseudomembranous croup. The children had severe upper airways obstruction,
      appeared toxic with high fever, and were older than the typical age group for
      viral laryngotracheobronchitis. Lateral x-ray films of the airways showed
      subglottic narrowing and often these suggested the presence of radio-opaque
      foreign material in the tracheal lumen. At endoscopy, in addition to
      pseudomembrane in the subglottic region and trachea, there was thick mucopus and
      debris, and in some cases these changes extended into the bronchi. An artificial
      airway was required in all except one, and even after intubation it proved
      difficult to maintain the airway. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common
      pathogen isolated from tracheal cultures but other organisms were grown.

PMID- 6838249
TI  - Intracranial pressure in central nervous system infections and cerebral ischaemia
      of infancy.
AB  - Intracranial pressure was continuously monitored in 23 patients aged between 24
      hours and 20 months. Fourteen had severe infections of the central nervous system
      (CNS) and 9 sustained prolonged cerebral ischaemia. The intracranial pressure
      measured at catheter placement was not a reliable indicator of the intracranial
      pressure that developed during the course of the disease. The mean maximal
      intracranial pressure in infants with CNS infection (57.4 +/- 25.8 mmHg) was
      significantly higher than in infants with cerebral ischaemia (34.6 +/- 17.6
      mmHg). Mortality in CNS infections (36%) was closely correlated with the degree
      of increased intracranial pressure, while mortality in cerebral ischaemia (67%)
      was not. Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure enables treatment to be
      started early so that intracranial pressure can be reduced and adequate cerebral
      perfusion pressure maintained. This may help to reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 6838251
TI  - Pre-excitation syndrome in infants and children. Effect of digoxin, verapamil,
      and amiodarone.
AB  - Clinical and electrocardiographic findings for 30 patients with the pre
      excitation syndrome are described together with details of treatment. Nineteen
      (63%) were younger than 2 years, 14 of whom were under 2 months. Sixteen infants
      and 7 children (77%) presented with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 14
      (61%) of whom had the electrocardiographic pattern of type A Wolff-Parkinson
      White (WPW) syndrome. During paroxysmal bouts the QRS complex was normal in 21
      patients and wide in two. Six (20%) patients had congenital heart disease often
      associated with WPW syndrome type B. Seventeen patients were treated with either
      digoxin or verapamil intravenously to stop tachyarrhythmias. Verapamil was more
      effective due to the immediate response and lack of adverse effects. The
      tachyarrhythmias resolved in all the patients and in some of them the WPW pattern
      resolved later indicating maturation of the conduction tissue with loss of the
      accessory pathways. Verapamil provides a rapid and safe form of treatment for
      conversion of tachyarrhythmias since it has no effect on the accessory pathways.
      Oral amiodarone prevents recurrent tachyarrhythmias resistant to other treatment.

PMID- 6838250
TI  - Normal ranges of T4 screening values in low birthweight infants.
AB  - Thyroxine (T4) screening values in infants of low birthweight in relation to
      birthweight and gestational age are reported. There were 86 healthy infants of
      low birthweight (group 1), and 29 preterm infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome (group 2). All the group 2 infants and 36% of those in group 1 had a T4
      screening value below the cut-off point (-2.1 SD). In group 1 there was a
      significant increase in T4 with birthweight at a given gestational age, as well
      as with gestational age at a given birthweight. In group 2 there was also a
      significant increase in T4 values in relation to birthweight and gestational age,
      but it could not be ascertained whether this increase existed at a given
      gestational age or birthweight. A statistical model giving normal ranges of T4
      for both groups of infants is presented, which, if applied to low birthweight
      infants, makes it possible to estimate the effect of low birthweight on T4
      screening values, provided the birthweight and gestational age are known. In this
      manner the sensitivity of screening for congenital hypothyroidism is enhanced and
      the recall rate reduced.

PMID- 6838252
TI  - Reference ranges for plasma creatinine during the first month of life.
AB  - A reference range of plasma creatinine levels for the first month of life derived
      from 238 babies of 25-42 weeks' gestation is presented. Measurements were
      performed on a Beckman Creatinine Analyser 2, which uses the Jaffe rate reaction
      method. There was a decline in plasma creatinine level with increasing postnatal
      and gestational age. Infants undergoing mechanical ventilation at age 2 days had
      a significantly increased creatinine level.

PMID- 6838253
TI  - Lack of correlation between free erythrocyte porphyrin and serum ferritin values
      at birth and at 2 months of life in low birthweight infants.
AB  - Red cell free erythrocyte porphyrin and serum ferritin determinations were
      performed on capillary blood specimens from 63 healthy infants weighing 2500 g or
      less at birth, during the first week of life, and, from 44 of them, again at 8-10
      weeks. Free erythrocyte porphyrin values were high both at 3-7 days (mean 156
      microgram/100 ml RBC) and at 8-10 weeks (mean 128 microgram/100 ml RBC). The
      respective serum ferritin values were also high (mean 226 and 107 ng/ml),
      excluding a depletion in iron stores. In addition, no correlation was found
      between free erythrocyte porphyrin and serum ferritin values either at birth or
      at age 2 months. These findings are consistent with an earlier hypothesis that in
      the presence of iron stores, the rate of iron release from the stores in low
      birthweight infants may not be sufficient to maintain optimal erythropoiesis if
      the demand is accelerated.

PMID- 6838254
TI  - Sleep-induced growth hormone release--evaluation of a simple test for clinical
      use.
AB  - Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were measured during the first 2 hours of sleep
      without electroencephalogram monitoring and then after arginine infusion in 28
      children investigated for short stature. Ten children considered GH deficient on
      clinical and biochemical grounds had concordantly low GH levels during sleep and
      after arginine stimulation. Of the 18 children without GH deficiency, 17 had GH
      levels greater than or equal to 15 mU/l during the sleep test (mean peak 39 mU/l)
      and 13 had GH levels greater than or equal to 15 mU/l after arginine infusion
      (mean peak 25 mU/l). A sleep test is safe, reliable, and practicable for routine
      clinical use.

PMID- 6838255
TI  - Plasma terbutaline levels in asthma.
AB  - Plasma terbutaline levels and peak expiratory flow rates were measured in 5
      asthmatic children using doses of 0.25 and 0.075 mg/kg. The higher dose resulted
      in safe, non-toxic plasma levels and returned the peak expiratory flow rate to
      normal. This dose (maximum 5 mg) is safe in children.

PMID- 6838256
TI  - Chloride deficiency syndrome due to chloride-deficient breast milk.

PMID- 6838257
TI  - Making heel pricks less painful.
AB  - A mechanical lancet, the Autolet, was compared with a manual heel prick in 36
      newborn infants undergoing routine blood sampling for the Guthrie test and
      hypothyroid screening. Each method was equally effective in obtaining
      satisfactory blood samples but the Autolet was considerably less painful.

PMID- 6838258
TI  - Progressive inflammatory subglottic narrowing responsive to steroids.

PMID- 6838259
TI  - Spontaneous hypothermia in a young boy.
AB  - A 13-year-old boy who maintains his body temperature between 33 and 35 degrees C
      was investigated. Tests of peripheral and central thermoregulatory function did
      not show a specific abnormality, except for some generalised hypothalamic
      dysfunction of unknown aetiology. He responded appropriated when his temperature
      was altered from its usual low level. His temperature regulatory mechanisms
      appeared to be set at a temperature lower than is normal.

PMID- 6838260
TI  - Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from height/plasma creatinine ratio.

PMID- 6838261
TI  - Nature of complement deficiency in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 6838262
TI  - Hemodynamic evaluation of new cardiac valves.

PMID- 6838263
TI  - The effects of cardiovascular drugs on the defibrillation threshold and the
      pathological effects on the heart using an automatic implantable defibrillator.
AB  - Internal defibrillating leads were implanted in 6 dogs through a left thoracotomy
      and in 6 pigs through a subxiphoid approach. The effects of digoxin (0.04 mg per
      kilogram of body weight), procainamide (15 mg per kilogram), and propranolol (0.2
      mg per kilogram) on the defibrillation threshold was determined 30 to 60 minutes
      following intravenous administration. Resultant blood levels were equal to or
      greater than therapeutic levels. Individually these drugs resulted in no
      appreciable change in the defibrillation threshold from baseline. Pathological
      study of the myocardium obtained from 6 dogs that underwent more than two hundred
      shocks each did not demonstrate any abnormality. The 6 pigs were reliably
      defibrillated, this indicating that thoracotomy is not required for successful
      implantation. The automatic implantable defibrillator is not the definitive
      treatment for recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, but is a practical regimen of
      therapy for a select group of high-risk, out-of-hospital patients. These
      observations advance our knowledge of the use of this device and give more
      assurance for future implantation in this select group of patients.

PMID- 6838264
TI  - Should ventricular fibrillation be induced prior to the infusion of cardioplegic
      solution?
AB  - The present study evaluates the metabolic effects on the left ventricular energy
      stores of a clinically used cardioplegic solution that was infused into the
      ascending aorta of pigs while the heart was either fibrillating (induced
      ventricular fibrillation) or in normal sinus rhythm prior to aortic clamping.
      Fibrillating hearts had lower stores of glycogen in the epicardium and
      endocardium compared with hearts in normal sinus rhythm. There was no difference
      in the stores of creatine phosphate between the hearts for both the epicardium
      and endocardium, but stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in both layers were
      lower in fibrillating hearts. These results indicate that for ideal myocardial
      protection the cardioplegic solution should be infused while the heart is beating
      under cardiopulmonary bypass, and that ventricular fibrillation induced and
      maintained prior to cross-clamping may cause myocardial damage.

PMID- 6838266
TI  - Right heart reconstruction following repair of tetralogy of fallot.
AB  - Ten patients in whom tetralogy of Fallot had been repaired underwent late
      reconstruction of the outflow tract of the right ventricle because of poor
      hemodynamic results. The major hemodynamic problems that necessitated right
      ventricular (RV) outflow tract reconstruction were severe pulmonary insufficiency
      in 9 patients and pulmonary stenosis in 1. Impaired RV contractility and RV
      aneurysm were the most important factors prompting valve replacement for severe
      pulmonary insufficiency. Seven patients received a Hancock prosthesis and 3, an
      aortic homograft. Among the 7 patients who underwent postoperative cardiac
      catheterization, the surgical results were hemodynamically excellent in 2, good
      in 3, and unsatisfactory in 2. The management of pulmonary insufficiency in such
      patients is discussed.

PMID- 6838265
TI  - Ventricular cryosurgery: short-term effects on intramural electrophysiology.
AB  - The acute effects of cryothermia on regional electrophysiology were examined in
      order to devise a means of localizing and monitoring the intramural progression
      of ventricular cryolesions during a two-minute period of cryothermia application.
      Intramural unipolar electrograms were recorded from multipoint plunge electrodes
      placed in the left ventricle in 15 dogs. Epicardial, intramural, and endocardial
      applications of cryothermia were then employed, and changes in the unipolar peak
      to-peak amplitude (UPPA) of electrograms were recorded. The location and depth of
      the ultimate permanent cryolesion could be predicted by noting locations of those
      electrograms demonstrating a decrease in the UPPA to less than 30% of the control
      values. Such electrophysiological monitoring of the region of myocardium
      undergoing cryothermic ablation provides a means of limiting the ultimate
      cryolesion to the desired location and depth within the ventricular wall. This
      allows precise placement of cryolesions in specific areas of the left ventricle
      for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by selectively ablating
      arrhythmogenic ventricular myocardium without inducing injury in surrounding
      nonarrhythmogenic myocardium.

PMID- 6838268
TI  - Management of transposition after the baffes procedure: a case report and review
      of our experience.
AB  - A case report details the operative technique used in the repair of complete
      transposition of the great arteries (TGA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and
      pulmonary stenosis in a patient who had had Baffes procedure previously.
      Experience in managing 10 patients with complete TGA who had undergone a Baffes
      procedure is discussed. Four patients with a large VSD had pulmonary vascular
      disease. The condition of 1 of them was improved by a palliative Mustard
      operation. Four children with isolated TGA underwent a successful modified
      Mustard repair. The 2 remaining patients had a VSD and pulmonary stenosis; in 1
      the condition was palliated by a Glenn shunt. The other is the subject of the
      case report. The mean interval between the Baffes procedure and the second
      operation was 11 years. There was 1 late death after secondary repair. Follow-up
      in the remaining 6 patients at a mean of 10.6 years indicates a favorable
      outcome.

PMID- 6838269
TI  - Valve replacement for left-sided endocarditis in drug addicts.
AB  - Eighteen drug addicts with left-sided valvular endocarditis requiring operation
      are reviewed. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common organisms cultured
      (61%), with Staphylococcus aureus present in 7 of 11 patients. Gram-negative
      bacteria, exclusively Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were cultured in the remaining 39%.
      Indications for operation included sepsis (61%), heart failure (78%), and
      systemic emboli (22%). Abscesses formed in 6 of 11 patients with gram-positive
      endocarditis, while only one abscess was present with gram-negative endocarditis.
      Normal valves were infected in 17 of 18 patients (94%). Early surgical mortality
      (less than 30 days) was 11%. There were major complications in 79% of these
      patients, including persistent sepsis (50%), valvular dehiscence, prosthetic
      endocarditis or perivalvular leakage (37%), and mycotic aneurysms (22%). These
      complications were directly related to a late mortality of 44%, yielding an
      overall mortality of 50% in the first nine months after operation. Contrary to
      previous reports of acceptable surgical survival for valvular endocarditis, these
      data suggest that endocarditis involving the aortic or mitral valve in a drug
      addict is a highly lethal disease due to the virulence of the organisms, the
      severity of the complications encountered, and the predisposition to continued
      addiction.

PMID- 6838267
TI  - Short-term variations of the right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio
      following repair of tetralogy of fallot.
AB  - In 50 consecutive patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot, the peak
      systolic right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio (pRV/LV) was measured
      prospectively in the operating room and in the third postoperative week in order
      to assess its eventual short-term variations. Postoperatively, the ratio fell in
      64% of the patients, remained unchanged in 6%, and increased in 30%. The mean
      postoperative pRV/LV ratio for the group as a whole showed a small but
      statistically significant fall with respect to the mean operating room pRV/LV
      ratio (0.47 [standard deviation] +/- 0.16 and 0.52 +/- 0.12, respectively; mean
      difference, -0.05; p value for the significance level of difference, 0.004). A
      separate analysis of patients in whom the right ventricular outflow tract was
      reconstructed with (N = 12) or without (N = 38) a transannular patch showed
      essentially the same results. Nevertheless, the difference between the pRV/LV
      ratio measured in the operating room and three weeks postoperatively is not
      significant in the group with a transannular patch because of the small number of
      patients. These data corroborate that the pRV/LV ratio measured in the operating
      room immediately after repair of tetralogy of Fallot reflects closely the
      postoperative ratio, being slightly higher by an average of 10%, is expected to
      fall shortly after operation in almost two-thirds of the patients, and is a
      useful variable in intraoperative decision making and in predicting the surgical
      result.

PMID- 6838270
TI  - Sleeve lobectomy (lobectomy and bronchoplasty) for bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - We present a series of 90 patients who underwent sleeve lobectomy for malignant
      bronchial tumors at the Brompton Hospital, London, between 1964 and 1974. The
      operative mortality was low (1%), and technical complications were infrequent.
      Bronchial stenosis, which occurred in 6% of patients, was due to recurrence of
      tumor in 4% and cicatrization in 2%. The majority of patients had squamous cell
      carcinomas of the upper lobe (76/90). In this group, the 5-year survival was 71%
      when the hilar lymph nodes were clear of tumor at the time of operation and 17%
      when the hilar lymph nodes were involved. Because these 5-year survival figures
      suggest that tumor-free survival is not significantly compromised by this
      conservative approach, we believe that sleeve lobectomy rather than pneumonectomy
      should be considered the operation of choice for squamous cell carcinomas of the
      upper lobe orifice involving the main bronchus.

PMID- 6838271
TI  - Upper rib fractures and mediastinal widening: indications for aortography.
AB  - Survival of patients with posttraumatic thoracic aortic rupture depends on early
      diagnosis. It is frequently stated that fracture of the first or second ribs and
      mediastinal widening are findings suggestive of thoracic aortic rupture. We found
      that the probability of sustaining thoracic aortic rupture is the same for
      patients with upper rib fractures as for those with other rib fractures (1/64
      versus 5/149; p = 0.85). Also, our data fail to show a statistical difference in
      the incidence of thoracic aortic rupture associated with upper (first and second)
      rib fractures compared with no rib fracture at all (1/64 versus 9/304; p = 0.85).
      Thus, patients with thoracic aortic rupture are not more likely to have rib
      fractures (7/21 versus 14/21; p = 0.15), and if a rib fracture is present, the
      probability of it being at the upper level is the same as that for a fracture at
      any other level (1/7 versus 6/7; p = 0.06). Ratios of mediastinal width to chest
      width were used as a measure of mediastinal widening, and were found to be an
      accurate predictor of thoracic aortic rupture. Ratios greater than 0.28 at the
      aortic knob were 100% specific and 85% sensitive for this condition.

PMID- 6838272
TI  - Two membrane oxygenators and a bubbler: a clinical comparison.
AB  - We compared the hemocompatibility of the Polystan bubble oxygenator and the
      Travenol TMO and SciMed spiral-coil membrane oxygenators in 43 patients
      undergoing aortic valve replacement. In a subgroup of 27 patients, we collected
      hematological data and correlated platelet behavior with hemostasis. We found no
      differences in blood loss or blood (product) requirements among the groups.
      Platelet and erythrocyte damage was less in the membrane oxygenator groups than
      in the bubble oxygenator group. Differences in adenosine diphosphate-induced
      platelet aggregation were equivalent. Drops in this function concurred with
      intensified cardiotomy suction and administration of protamine. Leukocytosis
      after bypass was most marked in the SciMed group. Duration of bypass correlated
      with blood loss and blood requirements in the operating theater. Platelet counts
      shortly after bypass correlated negatively with duration of bypass and blood loss
      in the intensive care unit. Platelet function correlated with none of the factors
      just mentioned. We conclude that platelets and erythrocytes are preserved better
      by the membrane oxygenator than by the bubbler. The TMO system causes more
      erythrocyte damage than the SciMed oxygenator, probably due to TMO's dual-pump
      system. Clinical evidence for these improvements was not found, and this will be
      possible only when the other factors responsible for blood damage can be
      controlled.

PMID- 6838273
TI  - A simple technique for stabilizing the heart during right coronary grafting.
AB  - A monofilament traction suture passed through the holes in a button provides safe
      and gentle but firm stabilization of the heart during right coronary grafting.

PMID- 6838274
TI  - The use of a Seldinger wire technique for pericardiocentesis following cardiac
      surgery.
AB  - A safe technique of pericardial aspiration is described for patients who have
      undergone a cardiac operation. A 6.875 cm thin-walled 18 gauge needle, flexible
      guidewire, and fenestrated central venous catheter are employed.

PMID- 6838276
TI  - Pacemaker inhibition.

PMID- 6838275
TI  - The cervical approach to esophageal leiomyomas.
AB  - Intramural leiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal tumor. The treatment of
      choice is enucleation without mucosal encroachment. Esophageal resection with
      reconstruction is rarely necessary, obviating the need for wide exposure. This
      report demonstrates the technical simplicity of the cervical approach to
      leiomyomata of the proximal thoracic esophagus. The operative technique avoids
      the morbidity of the commonly employed thoracotomy incision and deserves
      consideration in the treatment of accessible lesions.

PMID- 6838277
TI  - Coronary stenosis following aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 6838278
TI  - St. jude valve.

PMID- 6838279
TI  - Influence of peroral charcoal on pharmacokinetics and intestinal toxicity of
      intravenously given methotrexate.
AB  - Intestinal toxicity is an often reported side effect of methotrexate (MTX) in
      man. We found in rats that the large MTX amount occurring in the intestinal lumen
      (31.6% of dose) after intravenous injection does not contribute to the intestinal
      toxicity of MTX (31 mg/kg) because  adsorption of MTX to charcoal within the
      intestinal lumen did not alter the reduced mitotic count and the villus height
      induced by MTX injection. Binding of intraluminal MTX to charcoal in vivo did not
      markedly alter MTX pharmacokinetics in plasma.

PMID- 6838280
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interpretation of some antibiotics in camels.
AB  - Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of 4 antibiotics: penicillin-G (P),
      streptomycin (S), chloramphenicol (C) and oxytetracycline (O) was performed in
      groups of camels following a single i.m. injection of therapeutic doses, i.e.
      6000 IU, 10, 4 and 3 mg/kg b.wt., respectively. The concentrations of these
      antibiotics in serum were determined by microbiological assay methods. The
      highest serum concentrations were reached after 0.42, 1.44, 4.02 and 0.94 hr for
      P, S, C, and O respectively with corresponding t 1/2 alpha values of 0.12, 0.28,
      1.48 and 0.17 hr and t 1/2 beta values of 1.09, 8.28, 6.20 and 7.00 hr.

PMID- 6838281
TI  - Anoxia-induced contraction of guinea-pig taenia coli in a glucose-free medium.
AB  - The smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli contracted upon exposure to an oxygen
      deprived glucose-free medium aerated with 95% N2 and 5% CO2. An aeration using
      95% O2 and 5% CO2 resulted in an immediate relaxation of the contraction. The
      anoxia-induced muscle contractions were diminished when the preparations were
      pretreated with the Ca antagonist D-600. However, the anoxia-induced contractions
      were not affected by posttreatment with D-600. The 45Ca uptake using the
      lanthanum method was enhanced at the onset of the anoxia-induced contractions in
      a glucose-free medium. However, the 45Ca uptake was comparable to control levels
      in the late phase of anoxia-induced muscle contractions. These results suggest
      that Ca permeability of cell membranes increases with the onset of an anoxia
      induced muscle contraction in glucose-free media.

PMID- 6838282
TI  - The development of acute tolerance to analgesia and the sensitivity changes in
      mouse vas deferens and ileum produced by morphine.
AB  - Repeated administration of morphine at 4 hr interval resulted in the development
      of tolerance to morphine-induced subsensitivity to acetylcholine in ileum and
      supersensitivity to norepinephrine in vas deferens of mouse. This was in parallel
      with analgesic tolerance to morphine. Pretreatment with naloxone antagonized the
      tolerance development to both morphine-induced analgesia and sensitivity changes,
      indicating a role for opiate receptors in this phenomenon.

PMID- 6838283
TI  - Study of the ventricular antifibrillatory effects of calcium channel blocking
      agents in comparison with lidocaine on canine normal heart in situ.
AB  - The ventricular antifibrillatory effects of two calcium channel blocking agents
      have been studied by determining fibrillation threshold several times in the
      course of an experiment on dogs placed under total cardiopulmonary by-pass to
      avoid the impairment of the myocardium properties subsequent to the interruption
      of blood circulation. These drugs were used in therapeutic or even higher doses
      (verapamil 0.40 mg.kg-1, diltiazem 0.60 mg.kg-1). They failed to modify
      fibrillation threshold significantly, and did not influence fibrillation rate or
      the effective refractory period of contractile fibres. Lidocaine, on the
      contrary, under the same experimental conditions, induced a dose-dependent rise
      in fibrillation threshold of up to nearly 200%, correlated to a fall in
      fibrillation rate and a prolongation in effective refractory period.

PMID- 6838284
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of butoprozine studied by multiple intracardiac
      recordings on the anaesthetized dog.
AB  - Electrophysiological effects of butoprozine (L 9394 Labaz) were investigated on
      the anaesthetized dog by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart and
      simultaneous recording of the His bundle electrogram and monophasic action
      potentials from the auricular and ventricular endocardial wall. Butoprozine
      injected intravenously depressed sino-atrial node function, lengthened A-V nodal
      conduction time and the A-V nodal refractory period, and prolonged the atrial
      refractory period. Thus butoprozine acted preferentially on parts of the
      myocardial tissue where the slow inward current seems to be particularly
      involved. In this respect, butoprozine was more active than amiodarone, but in
      contrast to this drug, butoprozine did neither prolong the ventricular monophasic
      action potential duration nor the ventricular refractory period. In the
      anaesthetized dog both drugs have practically analogous actions except at the
      ventricular level, which suggests that their effect on ionic currents at this
      level may be different.

PMID- 6838286
TI  - Hypotensive action of verapamil in a group of hydralazine-dependent hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Sixteen hydralazine-dependent hypertensive patients (7 females) were included in
      this clinical study. All patients were being treated with hydralazine,
      cyclopenthiazide and propranolol in the first visit to the laboratory. Two drugs
      were maintained during the study: the beta blocker and the diuretic. Hydralazine
      was discontinued and replaced by placebo during 3 weeks and after this period,
      verapamil was instituted at increasing doses. Replacing hydralazine by verapamil
      a better control of hypertension was obtained with a daily dose of 400 mg. The
      calcium entry blocker causes shortening of PEPc interval probably by reducing
      afterload which was only observed with the highest dose of verapamil (400 mg).
      ECG intervals were not modified by the different treatments with the exception of
      PR which was significantly increased by the major dose of verapamil. The calcium
      antagonist produced a stable reduction of blood pressure without affecting left
      ventricular function.

PMID- 6838287
TI  - Ketanserin, a new selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent, inhibits the
      antidiuretic effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in Wistar rats.

PMID- 6838285
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of atenolol in labile hypertension.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects provoked by 15 days treatment with atenolol 100 mg/day in
      a single oral dose were studied in labile hypertensive patients.
      Radiocardiography with 131IRHISA was employed in order to calculate: Cardiac
      output and index (CO, CI); stroke volume and index (SV, SI), total blood volume
      and index (TBV, TBVI) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Atenolol caused a
      significant reduction in arterial pressure, heart rate, CO and CI (p less than
      0.001). The drug also reduced TBV (11%) and TBVI (16%) from controls: however,
      these changes were not significant. A direct relationship was found between CO
      with heart rate (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01), and between CO with TBV (r = 0.82,
      p less than 0.01); also an inverse relationship was found between TBV with TPR (r
      = 0.874, p less than 0.01). These relationships lost significance during
      treatment with the drug. The lowering of cardiac output contributes to the anti
      hypertensive effect of atenolol, but although the reduction in blood volume was
      not significant it is possible that this also may be a factor.

PMID- 6838288
TI  - Cinoxacin: competitive inhibitory effect on p-aminohippurate transport and its
      uptake in renal cortical slices.
AB  - The effect of cinoxacin on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport and the accumulation
      of cinoxacin were examined in renal cortical slices. Cinoxacin significantly
      inhibited the uptake of PAH by the slices from rats and rabbits. Cinoxacin
      increased the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) but did not affect Vmax for PAH
      uptake by rat kidney cortical slices, suggesting that cinoxacin inhibited PAH
      transport in a competitive manner. Cinoxacin was taken up but did not affect the
      cellular metabolism of Na+, K+ and ATP in the slices from rats and rabbits,
      except that 740 microM cinoxacin increased net Na+ efflux. These data indicate
      that cinoxacin is transported by the same process as that of PAH in renal
      cortical slices. Lastly, repeated administration of cinoxacin to rats did not
      affect the uptake of the drug by the slices.

PMID- 6838290
TI  - Antacid-induced calcium loss.

PMID- 6838289
TI  - Effects of hydergine on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the isolated, blood
      perfused pancreas of the dog.
AB  - The effects of hydergine on the secretion of pancreatic juice in the dog were
      investigated in preparations of the isolated, blood-perfused pancreas, and
      compared with those of secretin and dopamine. Hydergine (30-300 micrograms)
      injected intra-arterially caused dose-dependent increases in the secretion of
      pancreatic juice after a delay of a few min. The secretory activity of 300
      micrograms of hydergine was approximately equal to that of 0.05 units of secretin
      and 2 micrograms of dopamine. Secretory responses to hydergine were inhibited by
      treatment with sulpiride, but not inhibited by phentolamine, propranolol,
      atropine or metiamide. The concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice
      induced by hydergine was increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the
      protein concentration was scarcely changed. These secretory actions were
      analogous to those of dopamine. From these results, it is concluded that
      hydergine mainly stimulates pancreatic secretion by acting on dopaminergic
      receptors of the dog pancreas.

PMID- 6838292
TI  - Hepatitis and jaundice associated with measles in young adults. An analysis of 65
      cases.
AB  - We analyzed the clinical course of 65 adult patients hospitalized because of
      measles during the years 1975 and 1981-1982. Liver involvement was found in 80%
      (52/65) of the patients, five patients had clinical jaundice. The disturbances of
      liver function tests reached their peak values between days 5 and 10 of the
      disease. In this study of measles in adulthood we have three observations of
      unusual interest: (1) hepatitis occurs commonly in the more severely ill patients
      and it may manifest clinically as jaundice; (2) long-term follow-up (up to seven
      years) shows a clear tendency to complete resolution of the liver damage; (3)
      there is a clear correlation between the severity of hepatic involvement and the
      occurrence of secondary bacterial infections.

PMID- 6838291
TI  - Comparative studies of mitral valves in rheumatic heart disease.
AB  - Mitral valve tissues from 195 patients with rheumatic heart disease removed at
      the time of cardiac surgery were studied by conventional histologic techniques.
      One hundred seven patients from a five-year period at All-India Institute for
      Medical Sciences in New Delhi were studied in conjunction with 88 patients
      undergoing cardiac surgery in Albuquerque during a similar period. In Indian
      patients a correlation was noted between degree of moderate or severe valvular
      calcification and extent of adjacent valvular mononuclear cellular infiltration
      often consisting of striking lymphocytic-plasma cell collections. Similar
      distinct correlations were not observed among the mitral valves from the
      Albuquerque patients. It is possible that mitral valve mononuclear cell
      infiltrates among Indian patients may reflect a chronic immune reaction
      influencing the natural course of rheumatic heart disease in this latter
      population.

PMID- 6838293
TI  - Nondilated obstructive nephropathy.
AB  - Three patients had renal failure due to obstructive nephropathy associated with
      processes that prevented dilatation of the collecting systems. Thus, various
      radiologic procedures, including renal sonography, angiography, and isotope
      renography, all failed to identify an obstructing process. Because of the high
      index of clinical suspicion, surgical exploration and nephrostomy were performed
      on each patient. This confirmed the presence of obstructive nephropathy and led
      to marked improvement of renal function in each case. When renal failure develops
      in a setting with a high probability of ureteral obstruction, this diagnosis
      should be vigorously pursued despite normal radiologic results.

PMID- 6838296
TI  - The preoperative consultation. Response to internists' recommendations.
AB  - Preoperative consultations are frequently performed; however, little is known
      about the way requesters respond to the recommendations offered. For this reason,
      90 consecutive preoperative consultations, performed by a general medical unit,
      were reviewed and compared with 66 consecutive nonpreoperative consultations,
      performed by the same unit during the same period. Analysis disclosed that
      recommendations made during preoperative consultation were often not followed and
      were less likely to be followed than were those made during nonpreoperative
      consultation (53.9% v 68.9%). Controlling for the type of consultative advice
      offered and for the type of surgical service requesting the consultation did not
      alter this relationship. These results highlight the particular importance of
      consultant follow-up for recommendations made during preoperative consultations.

PMID- 6838294
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Cytologic v potassium hydroxide
      preparations.
AB  - In 26 patients with culture-proved pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, cytologic
      preparations of respiratory secretions were significantly more sensitive (38.5%)
      than potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations (15.4%) in identifying spherules of
      Coccidioides immitis. Those patients able to produce sputum or having multiple
      lobe pneumonitis on chest roentgenogram appeared to be more likely to have
      spherules identified in the sputum by either technique. In the absence of sputum
      production or multiple-lobe pneumonitis, neither cytologic nor KOH preparations
      were likely to disclose spherules. Because of its greater sensitivity, a
      cytologic preparation should be examined in addition to a KOH preparation when
      pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a clinical consideration.

PMID- 6838295
TI  - Low fractional excretion of urine sodium in acute renal failure due to sepsis.
AB  - A low fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) of less than 1% was present in two
      patients who had acute renal failure due to sepsis. Both patients had bacteremia
      and had undergone major abdominal and vascular surgery. Prerenal azotemia due to
      volume depletion was not present as adequate central filling pressures were
      maintained with a Swan-Ganz catheter. Interstitial nephritis and obstructive
      uropathy were carefully ruled out. Acute renal failure due to sepsis should be
      included among the other conditions recently reported with a low FENa. This is of
      great importance as errors in fluid management are possible in this high-risk
      patient population when much reliance is placed on the interpretation of a low
      FENa of less than 1%.

PMID- 6838297
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of clinical trials. Randomized v historical controls.
AB  - The relative accuracy of randomized control trials (RCTs) and historical control
      trials (HCTs) in determining effective therapies has not been compared since
      there is no external verification of efficacy. We reviewed six therapies studied
      by both methods. Most HCTs concluded therapy was better than control, but few
      RCTs agreed. We calculated sensitivity and specificity for each type of trial by
      combining published results with all possible combinations of effectiveness. The
      sensitivity of HCTs was 0.80 to 1.00 (mean, 0.90) and specificity was 0.0 to 0.27
      (mean, 0.11). The sensitivity of RCTs was 0.0 to 0.27 (mean, 0.12) and
      specificity was 0.67 to 1.00 (mean, 0.88). Defects of RCTs are more easily
      corrected than those of HCTs. Readers should consider trial design and the
      probability of errors when deciding how much credence to give to a clinical
      trial.

PMID- 6838298
TI  - Ventricular preexcitation. Practical considerations.
AB  - Ventricular preexcitation syndromes are important because they are associated
      with paroxysmal tachycardias that can result in serious cardiovascular
      complications and sudden death. These syndromes are also important because the
      ECG findings, if unrecognized, are frequently misdiagnosed as something else.
      With the use of "classic" syndrome names, for example, the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      (WPW) syndrome, physicians tend to think of ventricular preexcitation in a
      rigidly defined sense (short PR interval, delta wave, and abnormal QRS). A
      broader view of ventricular preexcitation allows one to think of it as an entity
      with endless variations. Failure to recognize the wide ECG variations in which
      ventricular preexcitation occurs may have substantial clinical consequences
      relative to misdiagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6838299
TI  - Echocardiogram of the month. Acute pulmonary edema in a pregnant patient.

PMID- 6838300
TI  - Glomerular dynamics.
AB  - The kidney glomerulus produces an essentially protein-free filtrate of blood that
      is converted to urine as it traverses the remainder of the nephron. Recent
      studies, largely carried out in animals, have provided new information on the
      determinants of glomerular function. These findings, briefly summarized herein,
      are also related to clinical conditions.

PMID- 6838301
TI  - Rapid and sustained oral theophylline loading. An alternative to intravenous
      aminophylline therapy.
AB  - We evaluated an oral theophylline loading-dose procedure that was designed to
      rapidly achieve and sustain theophylline serum concentrations of approximately 10
      to 12 micrograms/mL. Ten healthy adults were given an oral loading dose of
      approximately 6 mg/kg of aminophylline, (Aminophyllin) (ie, 4.8 mg/kg of
      theophylline). Two hours later, each subject was given approximately 6 mg/kg of a
      sustained-release theophylline tablet (Theo-Dur). Serum samples were collected at
      1/2, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours, then assayed for theophylline concentration.
      The mean theophylline concentration (+/- SD) one hour after the initial loading
      dose was 10.5 +/- 2.3 micrograms/mL. Subsequent theophylline concentrations
      demonstrated minimal fluctuation, with means ranging from 10.7 +/- 1.6 to 13.6 +/
      2.8 micrograms/mL. Four of the subjects reported headache; none vomited or
      experienced severe nausea. We conclude that this method of oral theophylline
      loading can be effective in achieving prompt and sustained therapeutic
      theophylline levels without significant side effects and that this may provide a
      valuable therapeutic alternative in those asthmatic patients who do not clearly
      require intravenous aminophylline therapy.

PMID- 6838302
TI  - Cimetidine-induced interstitial nephritis with response to prednisone therapy.
AB  - Acute renal failure developed in a patient after she received cimetidine therapy.
      A renal biopsy specimen showed acute interstitial nephritis. Withdrawal of
      cimetidine therapy led to improvement of renal function. Rechallenge with
      cimetidine occurred during prednisone therapy. Renal function continued to
      improve, but worsened when the treatment with these steroids was discontinued.

PMID- 6838303
TI  - Massive hepatic hemorrhage associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - We treated two patients with laceration of the liver that was precipitated by
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and recognized antemortem. Both patients had
      myocardial infarctions and had received heparin sodium therapy. They had
      excruciating abdominal pain and bled massively, resulting in hypovolemic shock.
      When severe abdominal pain associated with hypovolemic shock occurs in a patient
      who has received CPR, hepatic laceration, hematoma, or both should be considered.
      This is even more imperative to recognize in the patient who has received
      anticoagulation therapy.

PMID- 6838304
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Typical acute myocardial infarction in a well-documented case of sickle cell
      disease, to our knowledge, has not been reported. A patient with hemoglobin SS
      proved by electrophoresis with typical clinical manifestation and diagnostic ECG
      changes died suddenly. Autopsy findings were confirmatory, but no atherogenic
      lesions were present. Possible mechanisms for acute infarction are discussed,
      including sludging of sickle cells, coronary spasm, thrombus formation, and
      severe anemia associated with any or all of the aforementioned.

PMID- 6838306
TI  - Human sacrifice, or nuclear energy?

PMID- 6838305
TI  - Unilateral toxic multicystic goiter.
AB  - We treated a 43-year-old woman who had multiple thyroid cysts and coexistent
      toxic nodules localized to the left lobe. After surgical excision of this lobe,
      the patient's right lobe proceeded to function normally, displaying no evidence
      of nodules, cysts, or hyperfunction. Since toxic multinodular goiter is usually a
      diffuse process involving the whole gland, this case is unique and underlines the
      wide variability in the manifestation of this disorder.

PMID- 6838308
TI  - Effects of furazolidone treatment on the morphology of rooster testicle. Light
      and electron microscopy study.

PMID- 6838307
TI  - Minimizing medical costs.

PMID- 6838309
TI  - Gallstones in golden hamster. XXIV. Prevention by means of dehydrocholic acid of
      pigment cholelithiasis produced by butter and vitamin A.

PMID- 6838313
TI  - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia does not overestimate serum creatinine.

PMID- 6838311
TI  - Frequency of anti lipid A antibodies in 311 sera of healthy Mexican children.

PMID- 6838312
TI  - Chronic hepatitis evolution in cancer patients.

PMID- 6838310
TI  - Fecal elimination of salmonella antigens in typhoid fever. I. An epidemiological
      survey.

PMID- 6838314
TI  - Enzymatic behavior (lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes) of the hydrocephalus
      of the child.

PMID- 6838316
TI  - The well-being of chronic mental patients.
AB  - The concept, "quality of life" (QOL), offers a broad perspective for assessing
      the needs and outcomes of chronic mental patients. In this survey of Los Angeles
      board-and-care homes, 278 randomly selected, mentally disabled residents
      evaluated their QOL in structured interviews based on a general QOL model. Life
      areas studied included living situation, family, social relations, leisure, work,
      safety, finances, and health. The model performed as well among these residents
      as among the general population, explaining 48% to 58% of the variance in global
      well-being. Adding patients' subjective QOL evaluations doubled the explanatory
      power of a model based only on personal characteristics and objective life
      conditions. Global well-being was most consistently associated with personal
      safety, social relations, finances, leisure, and health care variables. The study
      identifies methodological and service issues in need of further examination.

PMID- 6838317
TI  - Attitudinal changes of involuntarily committed patients following treatment.
AB  - Thirty-five involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients were interviewed
      immediately following admission and again prior to discharge to assess
      attitudinal changes and their relationship to patient characteristics and
      treatment outcome. The results indicate significant changes toward recognition of
      the original need for involuntary treatment. Those patients achieving remission
      of symptoms were most likely to have positive attitudes. Follow-up data indicate
      that the majority continued to receive outpatient treatment after the index
      episode, and among those readmissions that occurred, 92% were voluntary.

PMID- 6838318
TI  - Reliability of life-event interviews with outpatient schizophrenics.
AB  - Reliability of life-event reports was examined in 18 outpatient schizophrenics,
      using a 102-item structured checklist. Patients and one close relative were
      interviewed regarding events during the 12 preceding months. Interviewers were
      randomly assigned to patients, pair members were seen by different individuals.
      Mean intrapair agreement for all events combined was .22. Objective items
      exhibited greater reliability than subjective ones, but item ambiguity, event
      recency, and stressfulness did not appear to influence agreement. Pairs evidenced
      low concordance on event dates. A greater number of events were recalled for the
      more recent six months than for the earlier period, and a pronounced interviewer
      effect on the number of reported events emerged. These findings, together with
      those from other reliability investigations, cast doubt on the validity of some
      retrospective studies of the relationship of life events to illness onset.

PMID- 6838315
TI  - The effect of tertiary amines of common clinical use upon the motility and
      viability of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 6838320
TI  - Characteristics of children admitted to inpatient community mental health center.
AB  - Comparison of 100 children, aged 7 to 12 years, admitted to an inpatient service
      of a community mental health center (CMHC) with a matched control group of 100
      children from the outpatient department of the same CMHC showed that a
      combination of several factors (rather than a single factor) led to inpatient
      admission. These factors included differences in Initial symptoms, diagnosis in
      DSM-III, axes I, II, and III, and family factors.

PMID- 6838319
TI  - Discordance between the SCL-90 and therapists' psychopathology ratings.
AB  - This study examines the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), a patient self-report
      rating scale, as a screening and baseline psychopathology measure in an
      outpatient clinic. A low correlation (r = .17) was found between the SCL-90 and
      the SCL analogue, a matched psychopathology instrument rated by clinicians. The
      most common causes of discordance in ratings were patients' underreporting of
      symptoms due to patients' paranoia or fearfulness, overreporting of symptoms
      consistent with patients' "demonstrative" style, and false-positive items related
      to patients' physical illness. We conclude that the SCL-90 has limited validity
      as a clinical measure in the study of patients seen in evaluation in our setting.

PMID- 6838321
TI  - CSF prostaglandin levels in depressed and schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 6838322
TI  - Panic-induced elevation of plasma MHPG levels in phobic-anxious patients. Effects
      of clonidine and imipramine.
AB  - Six subjects with the phobic-anxiety syndrome were treated in a controlled,
      crossover trial of clonidine hydrochloride v imipramine hydrochloride for periods
      of four weeks each. During each drug trial and during baseline placebo treatment,
      each patient exposed himself or herself to a situation that previously elicited
      panic attacks. Self-rated anxiety and plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were measured to study the effect of the drug
      treatments on noradrenergic activity and anxiety. Plasma MHPG level correlated
      highly with rated anxiety under all conditions, and was consistent with
      significant symptom reduction by clonidine or imipramine. Diminished suppression
      of plasma MHPG concentrations in two subjects was associated with the continued
      emergence of panic symptoms in response to phobic stimuli.

PMID- 6838323
TI  - Cognitive loss and recovery in long-term alcohol abusers.
AB  - The nature of the memory and visuospatial defects associated with chronic
      alcoholism, and the recovery of these functions, were investigated in a large
      group of alcoholic men and well-matched nonalcoholic controls. Both young and old
      alcoholics displayed significant impairments on tasks requiring the learning of
      novel associations and the holding of information in memory over longer delay
      intervals. The recovery of cognitive skills was found to depend on the length of
      abstinence and the particular behavioral functions examined. Whereas psychomotor
      skills and short-term memory improved significantly with prolonged abstinence,
      long-term memory was impaired even after seven years of continuous sobriety. We
      propose that recovery of short-term memory reflects reestablishment of cortical
      functioning, while the persistent long-term memory defect indicates more
      permanent damage to diencephalic structures.

PMID- 6838324
TI  - Clinical outcome of sex therapy. Effects of daily v weekly treatment.
AB  - The effectiveness of sex therapy has been questioned recently. The present
      outcome study of 69 lower-middle-class couples, who were not highly selected with
      respect to severity of personal and marital distress, used standardized
      instruments to measure change over five time periods: intake, history,
      posttherapy, three-month, and one-year follow-up. Using an own-control design, a
      15-session weekly treatment was compared with a 15-session daily treatment.
      Overall, treatment was successful in improving sexual and marital satisfaction as
      well as specific symptom remission; there was little decline at the three-month
      and one-year follow-ups. The least symptomatic improvement occurred for erectile
      problems and female secondary inorgasmic dysfunction, and there was some
      suggestion of a gradual nonsignificant decline of overall sexual and marital
      satisfaction at follow-up. The outcome of daily v weekly treatment was generally
      not different, with only some indication of better results for secondary
      inorgasmia and erectile failure when treated in the weekly mode.

PMID- 6838326
TI  - Serotonin uptake in blood platelets of acute schizophrenics.

PMID- 6838328
TI  - Behavioral symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy.

PMID- 6838325
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in relatives of alcoholics.

PMID- 6838327
TI  - Urinary MHPG and response to amitriptyline.

PMID- 6838329
TI  - Is bromocriptine a dopamine antagonist treatment?

PMID- 6838330
TI  - Psychotherapy and neurotics.

PMID- 6838331
TI  - Reduced cortisol latency in depressive illness.
AB  - Depressed patients commonly have disturbances in their sleep and cortisol
      secretory patterns. When the sleep-related changes in plasma cortisol
      concentration were measured in 14 patients with a primary major depressive
      illness, they differed significantly from the changes measured in 14 age- and sex
      matched healthy control subjects. The nadir of the nocturnal plasma cortisol
      concentration was significantly greater in the group of depressed patients, and
      the nocturnal increase in the plasma cortisol concentration occurred
      significantly closer to sleep onset in these patients. The circadian activity
      within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of these depressed patients showed
      a subtle but significantly disturbed temporal relationship to sleep onset. This
      reduced time between sleep onset and the nocturnal increase in cortisol secretion
      suggests a possible biologic correlate of a depressive illness that might be
      useful as an illness marker in depressed patients.

PMID- 6838332
TI  - Lithium ion transport and affective disorders within families of bipolar
      patients. Identification of a major gene locus.
AB  - We have identified a genetic polymorphism in which one allele results in elevated
      RBC lithium ion ratios and also contributes to vulnerability to some forms of
      affective disorders. Interindividual variability in the lithium ion ratio (the
      ratio of the RBC to the plasma lithium ion concentration) is determined by
      variability in a lithium ion ratio (the ratio of the RBC to the plasma lithium
      ion concentration) is determined by variability in a lithium-sodium ion
      counterflow mechanism. Segregation analyses were conducted on lithium ion ratios
      in vitro in members of 120 normal families and on both the lithium ion ratio and
      the history of affective disorder in first-degree relatives of 31 bipolar
      patients. These analyses provided evidence for an autosomal major gene locus that
      influences the lithium ion ratio both in members of normal families and in
      relatives of bipolar patients. The allele at the major locus resulting in
      elevated lithium ion ratios was associated with an increased likelihood of
      psychiatric hospitalization among relatives of bipolar patients.

PMID- 6838335
TI  - Present practice of electroconvulsive therapy in Scandinavia.
AB  - We have set up guidelines for the practice of electroconvulsive therapy, based on
      Scandinavian clinical experience and research. Because the therapeutic effect is
      a result of the cerebral seizure, and the organic side effects partly
      consequences of the electrical stimulation, the aim should be to induce maximal
      seizure activity using minimal electrical energy. Essential features of optimal
      therapy are (1) absence of therapy with benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsant
      drugs, (2) superficial narcosis, (3) abundant oxygen supply, (4) threshold
      stimulation with brief-pulse stimuli, and (5) unilateral, parietotemporal,
      nondominant application of the electrodes. Seizure duration should always be
      measured to make sure that maximum seizure activity has taken place.

PMID- 6838333
TI  - Electrodermal activity in euthymic unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. A
      possible marker for depression.
AB  - Skin conductance, heart rate, and resting EEG were examined in 26 patients with
      unipolar and 24 with bipolar affective disorder (in remission) and 46 medical
      control patients. The electrodermal activity (EDA) was monitored during a tone
      series that included a dishabituating stimulus as well as at rest and during
      respiratory maneuvers. The EDA of the patients with affective disorder was
      uniformly depressed across all tasks and conditions. Only one of the unipolar and
      five of the bipolar patients showed an elevated tonic conductance level, compared
      with about half of the normal subjects. These results suggest that diminished EDA
      may serve as a marker of susceptibility to affective disorder or, alternatively,
      that elevated EDA may be a protective factor. There were no EEG differences
      between groups, and observed cardiac rate differences were attributable to the
      effects of tricyclic medication.

PMID- 6838334
TI  - The predictive power of diagnostic tests and the effect of prevalence of illness.
AB  - There is a great interest in the potential usefulness of biomedical tests in
      psychiatry, but basic statistical principles required for critical evaluation of
      their value remain poorly integrated into clinical thinking. We developed a
      useful scheme for organizing clinical test data so as to permit simple
      calculations of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power of medical
      tests. Some loss of predictive power is inherent in moving from artificial
      populations used for test development into more typical clinical settings, where
      prevalence is usually substantially lower.

PMID- 6838336
TI  - Technic and accuracy of the dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 6838337
TI  - Influence of weight loss on the dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 6838338
TI  - Accuracy of dexamethasone suppression test in alcoholics.

PMID- 6838339
TI  - Amenorrhea in psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 6838340
TI  - ACRM presidential address. On involvement.

PMID- 6838341
TI  - Cardiac response to exercise: comparison of 3 ergometers.
AB  - In order to establish guidelines for clinical decision making based on modified
      stress testing of physically handicapped individuals, 6 nonhandicapped volunteers
      exercised on 3 different ergometers, and their cardiac responses were compared.
      The ergometers were an upright bicycle, a supine bicycle, and an upright arm
      crank. The parameters measured were heart rate, rate pressure product, and oxygen
      consumption. Results showed that myocardial oxygen requirements are greater for
      upper extremity than for lower extremity exercise; the difference becomes
      increasingly more significant as exercise intensity increases. Myocardial oxygen
      requirements for supine exercise are greater than for upright exercise at low
      exercise intensity but lower at higher exercise intensities. Clinical
      implications of these findings must be interpreted cautiously as older disabled
      subjects may have different physiologic responses depending on the nature of
      their disabilities.

PMID- 6838342
TI  - Biofeedback therapy to achieve symmetrical gait in children with hemiplegic
      cerebral palsy: long-term efficacy.
AB  - The hypothesis investigated in this study was that the symmetry of gait achieved
      with biofeedback therapy was maintained at follow-up, which ranged from 18 to 24
      months later. The approach adopted was to measure average heel force on the
      hemiparetic side and to measure the temporal asymmetries in gait from video
      recordings. It was found that most of the therapy gains had been lost since
      treatment ended. It was concluded that the improvements acquired during
      biofeedback therapy are not maintained over time without maintenance strategies,
      and are liable to be situation-specific.

PMID- 6838343
TI  - Cubital tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - There has been an increase in reported cases of peripheral neuropathy and nerve
      entrapment syndromes in rheumatoid arthritis. (RA). To date, only a few
      incomplete studies on the prevalence of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) in
      patients with RA have been reported. We investigated the prevalence of
      electrodiagnostic findings of CuTS in patients with RA and correlated them with
      the clinical findings. Forty-nine patients with the diagnosis of classic RA were
      evaluated clinically and by electrodiagnostic studies performed on the ulnar
      nerve, bilaterally, across the elbow. The study found 1 patient with slowing of
      both sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV), 8 patients with slowing
      of sensory NCV only, and 1 patient with slowing of motor NCV only. However, the
      correlation was poor between clinical and electrodiagnostic findings.

PMID- 6838344
TI  - Patient behavior monitoring through self-reports.
AB  - This research examined the accuracy of data obtained by a self-observation and
      report technique (SORT) developed to record patients' ongoing everyday behaviors,
      where the behaviors occur, whether aid is provided, and if so, by whom. Over 2
      consecutive weeks 10 persons with recent spinal cord injuries hospitalized at a
      major rehabilitation center reported their behaviors during 8 half-day periods.
      Assessments of reporting accuracy compared self-reports with data recorded by
      independent observers. Minute-by-minute comparisons of self-report and
      independent observations indicated moderate levels of agreement. Weekly measures
      of performance derived from the 2 kinds of records showed high agreement.
      Reporting accuracy was relatively unaffected by the amount of time between the
      occurrence of a behavior and its report and the personal importance of various
      behaviors to the patients. The SORT provides a dependable, flexible and cost
      efficient means for assessing what patients do on a day-to-day basis and it
      offers many options for monitoring patients' functional performance in
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 6838345
TI  - Vocational adjustment after total laryngectomy.
AB  - In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 laryngectomy patients. Data were
      collected on postsurgical rehabilitation in terms of employment, speech, and
      social functioning. Analysis of the data indicated that only one-third of the
      respondents were working fulltime or parttime. Twenty-six (43%) of the
      respondents were retired or not working, due to their health. Employment after
      surgery was not statistically related to the other measures of rehabilitation
      success that indicated levels of social functioning in general. In addition, most
      of the respondents did not cite employer discrimination as their reason for not
      working. Failure to work after surgery appeared in most cases to be initiated by
      the respondent, and did not indicate a failure to achieve a high level of
      rehabilitation in other areas of functioning.

PMID- 6838346
TI  - Hate in the rehabilitation setting.
AB  - Hate has been overlooked as a clinical issue in the rehabilitation setting.
      Factors are discussed which make hate an intrinsic part of the rehabilitation
      process. Four common situations that involve hate are described. Dealing with
      hate is difficult because the natural responses, retaliation or aversion, are
      harmful. New ways of understanding hate that enable therapeutic responses are
      provided. These include viewing hate as: 1) an expression of powerlessness, not
      strength, which frequently results from the clinical state of regression; 2) a
      maladaptive way to maintain, not end a relationship; and 3) a result of staff
      patient interaction, not a purely objective phenomenon. An understanding of these
      concepts leads to the proper use of the two major therapeutic responses to hate:
      empathy and nonpunitive limit setting.

PMID- 6838347
TI  - Splenic rupture and splenectomy due to fall from wheelchair.
AB  - This report describes the effect of blunt abdominal trauma incurred when a
      quadriplegic patient slid sideways, catching his flank between the wheelchair arm
      and a slightly reclined wheelchair back. The patient experienced almost immediate
      pain in the left shoulder, and gradual cardiovascular collapse. The diagnosis of
      splenic rupture, followed by splenectomy, was life-saving. Pertinent literature
      is cited and attention is drawn to the necessity for early diagnosis in blunt
      abdominal trauma.

PMID- 6838348
TI  - Feeding device for glossectomy patients.
AB  - Instructions are provided for making a feeding spoon from a plastic syringe for
      use by patients who have had a glossectomy. This adaptation may be accomplished
      using only a hacksaw blade and sandpaper. Such a device may be indicated for
      patients who have had at least 60% of their tongue resected, but who are not at
      significant risk of aspiration.

PMID- 6838349
TI  - Wheelchair racing: an important modality in acute rehabilitation after
      paraplegia.
AB  - Sports rehabilitation has been proven effective with patients having spinal cord
      injury. This case discusses a man with T12/LI paraplegia who had acute
      rehabilitation augmented by competitive long distance wheelchair racing. Stress
      testing was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and to develop parameters
      whereby maximally efficient training could occur. Wheelchair modifications for
      racing were necessary. Competitive wheelchair racing was found valuable for this
      patient's physical, emotional and social rehabilitation. Patient involvement in
      racing has continued since discharge and the Boston Marathon was completed by
      wheelchair less than 1 year after onset of spinal cord injury.

PMID- 6838350
TI  - Recurrent thenar nerve.

PMID- 6838351
TI  - Defeminization and adult psychological well-being among male homosexuals.
AB  - Whitam's hypothesis that a majority of gay men exhibit a cross-gender role
      preference during childhood but that most defeminize by adulthood was tested and
      supported by data on 1556 gay men. Gay and heterosexual males were found to
      differ strongly in cross-gender characteristics during childhood but considerably
      less so during adulthood. By categorizing gay respondents simultaneously by both
      childhood and adult cross-gendering, sizable differences were found in measures
      of psychological well-being. No or minimal differences were found between
      homosexual and heterosexual males on these measures. It was suggested that these
      two groups may differ not at all or minimally on purely psychological measures
      but that major differences may be found in cultural variables and particularly in
      gender culture.

PMID- 6838352
TI  - Lesbianism in the Chinese of Hong Kong.
AB  - Some historical and literary background regarding lesbianism in China is given.
      The demographic data, family background, and behavioral characteristics of 15
      Chinese lesbians are described and compared with a matched group of married
      women. More lesbians were adopted, reported unhappy childhoods and hostile family
      atmospheres, had parents who preferred them to be boys, and attended sexually
      segregated schools. The subjects differ from their Western counterparts in having
      a closer relationship with their mothers and in the absence of oral sexual
      practice.

PMID- 6838353
TI  - Personality traits versus the quality of the marital relationship as the
      determinant of marital sexuality.
AB  - The question of whether personality traits or the relationship among marital
      partners is more significant for the importance of sexuality and satisfaction in
      sexual interaction was examined. It was demonstrated that only interaction
      variables were significant, satisfying sexual relationships existing only in
      happy marriages. Correspondence between the partners was quite good for
      "satisfaction in sexual interaction," but there was no correlation for the
      importance sexuality had for both partners. The comparison between the two sexes
      additionally showed that for women sexuality was less important and satisfying
      compared to men. This relationship held during various stages of the marital
      relationship.

PMID- 6838355
TI  - Changes in erectile responsiveness during androgen replacement therapy.
AB  - Erections in response to erotic films and fantasies were measured in eight
      hypogonadal men, with and without androgen replacement, and eight age-matched
      controls. Erections to films in the hypogonadal men did not differ from those of
      the controls and were not affected by androgen replacement. Erections to fantasy
      were significantly smaller and slower to develop in the hypogonadal men and did
      show significant improvement during androgen replacement. These preliminary
      results suggest that erections to certain types of stimuli are relatively
      independent of androgens, whereas the response to fantasy may be androgen
      dependent. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 6838354
TI  - Operating characteristics of the vaginal photoplethysmograph: some implications
      for its use.
AB  - Two operating characteristics of the vaginal photoplethysmograph were examined in
      an attempt to explain some of the methodological variance in the data produced by
      this device. Both the original Sintchak and Geer (1975) vaginal probe and a
      modified LED probe were examined for response consistency and temperature
      sensitivity. The results reveal that, for both types of probes, there is a
      considerable drift over time when the device is operated on DC in a temperature
      and light-controlled environment. This drift was not consistent across devices or
      trials, thus eliminating the possibility of experimentally or statistically
      controlling for it. In addition, both types of device were found to be extremely
      temperature sensitive when operated on DC in a light-controlled environment.
      Implications for continued use of the vaginal photoplethysmograph in research and
      clinical settings are discussed and recommendations are made regarding
      alternative genital measures of sexual arousal in women.

PMID- 6838356
TI  - A model of premarital coitus and contraceptive behavior among female adolescents.
AB  - At the most general level, I seek to model female adolescent sexual and
      contraceptive behavior in terms of the social context in which it occurs. Drawing
      on emerging theoretical literature pertaining to social exchange theory and
      changes in the social positions of women (and men) and also on existing
      substantive literature, I apply these notions to adolescent sexuality and
      contraceptive usage. The reviews of the literature reveal a number of
      inconsistencies among those factors (variables) advanced to explain both the
      prevalence and frequency of premarital coitus and contraceptive employment.
      Furthermore, as there is a paucity of well-developed theoretical models that
      might explain these inconsistencies, what is needed is an additional study that
      seeks to examine the net effects of those variables used in the literature to
      explain variations in female premarital coitus and contraceptive use. The present
      formulation is a two-stage causal model that can be used to estimate the impact
      of these variables on premarital coital behavior (stage 1) and subsequent
      contraceptive usage (stage 2). These models, and a concomitant set of hypotheses,
      take into account an array of the more significant sociological and social
      psychological variables as far as the prediction of the two phenomena in question
      are concerned. These models may be useful in guiding future research as they
      graphically display the relationships between these sets of variables within the
      context of a more general theory of human behavior.

PMID- 6838357
TI  - Conservation surgery and irradiation as treatment for early breast cancer.
AB  - Conservation surgery and irradiation were compared with radical or modified
      radical mastectomy, without irradiation, in the treatment of clinically favorable
      breast cancer. Patients with minimal breast cancer, stage I (T1 N0), and stage II
      (T1 N1, T2 N0, or T2 N1) were found to have similar five- and ten-year survival
      rates for the two types of primary treatment. Local recurrence rates were also
      similar: 0.8%, 4.4% and 8.4% for radical mastectomy, and 2.5%, 6.8%, and 4.9% for
      conservation surgery and irradiation, respectively, in each successive stage of
      disease. Cosmetic and functional results were deemed satisfactory and supported
      consideration and examination of this alternative to radical mastectomy for
      selected patients with early breast cancer.

PMID- 6838358
TI  - Total thyroidectomy for Hurthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid.
AB  - The treatment of Hurthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid is controversial because
      of a lack of information about their clinical behavior and long-term follow-up.
      We reevaluated our experience of the past 33 years and compared our early
      experience with the more aggressive surgical approach used during the past ten
      years. We treated 62 patients with Hurthle cell neoplasm from 1949 through 1982.
      Twenty-six patients had benign neoplasms and 35 had malignant neoplasms proven by
      capsular or vascular invasion or nodal metastasis. Fourteen deaths were directly
      attributable to recurrent or metastatic disease, three among those with benign
      lesions. An aggressive surgical approach, involving total thyroidectomy or early
      completion total thyroidectomy following lobectomy for all tumors histologically
      malignant or larger than 2 cm, resulted in a lower recurrence rate (21% v 59%)
      and fewer operations per patient (1.7 v 2.9) than in patients having other
      operations.

PMID- 6838359
TI  - Barrett's esophagus. Functional assessment, proposed pathogenesis, and surgical
      therapy.
AB  - Esophageal function was assessed with manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring of the
      distal esophagus in 22 patients with histologically proven Barrett's esophagus
      (BE), 31 consecutive patients with endoscopic grade 2 or 3 esophagitis, and 33
      normal volunteers. Patients with BE had less lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
      pressure, but similar length of sphincter exposed to the abdomen, than patients
      with esophagitis. Both groups had significantly less LES pressure and abdominal
      length than normal subjects. Patients with BE had statistically more esophageal
      acid exposure than patients with esophagitis, and both differed markedly from
      normal subjects. They also had a greater number of reflux episodes lasting longer
      than five minutes than patients with esophagitis, suggesting that the severity of
      acid exposure was due to a defect in esophageal clearance. The extent of
      Barrett's mucosal change was related to the level of LES pressure and the number
      of reflux episodes that were five minutes or longer in duration. We concluded
      that BE is related to a mechanical incompetency of the cardia and a decrease in
      esophageal clearance that requires reconstruction of the cardia for effective
      therapy.

PMID- 6838360
TI  - The treatment of cerebral ischemia by external carotid artery revascularization.
AB  - Thirteen patients with internal carotid artery occlusion and symptomatic external
      carotid artery stenosis underwent external carotid artery revascularization by
      means of endarterectomy (n = 10) or subclavian artery--external carotid artery
      bypass (n = 3). All patients but one were followed up, for five to 46 months
      (mean, 20 months). There were no operative deaths or complications and no late
      strokes. One patient (7.7%) required early extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC)
      bypass for failure of the external carotid artery endarterectomy to relieve the
      initial symptoms. All remaining patients were completely (n = 9) or partially (n
      = 2) relieved of symptoms, and EC-IC bypass was not required. There were no
      criteria identified by either oculopneumoplethysmography or angiography that
      could reliably predict the need for subsequent EC-IC bypass. Ninety-two percent
      of the patients were adequately treated with external carotid artery
      revascularization alone, suggesting that subsequent EC-IC bypass is seldom
      required in patients with ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and
      external carotid artery stenosis.

PMID- 6838361
TI  - New concepts in the use of axillofemoral bypass grafts.
AB  - Over a four-year period, 52 patients underwent axillofemoral bypass operations.
      Indications for operation were divided into three groups: those that were
      performed emergently (aortoenteric fistula, graft infection, and leaking aortic
      aneurysm), those performed electively for aneurysm, and those for ischemia.
      Operative procedures were categorized as follows: axillofemoral bypass alone,
      axillofemorofemoral bypass with the proximal femorofemoral anastomosis being
      graft to graft, or axillofemorofemoral bypass with the femorofemoral anastomosis
      to either a transected proximal common femoral artery or superficial femoral
      artery distal to the axillofemoral anastomosis. Thirty-three percent of the
      unilateral axillofemoral grafts failed, while only 14% of the axillobifemoral
      grafts failed. There was a further difference between the two methods of
      femorofemoral grafting with 22% failure in the former group but no failures in
      the latter.

PMID- 6838362
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula in arterial reconstruction of the ischemic limb.
AB  - The high flow associated with an arteriovenous fistula has been shown to help
      maintain patency in small arterial anastomoses. In 37 male patients we created
      common ostium arteriovenous fistula at the distal tibial or peroneal anastomosis
      as a part of their arterial reconstruction for threatened limb loss. Limb salvage
      was achieved in 28. Successful amputations at a lower level than would have been
      anticipated were performed in three. There was early graft failure in four
      patients resulting in below-the-knee amputations. This operative approach may be
      helpful in patients who have had previous revascularization procedures that have
      failed, who resist the idea of amputation, and who fulfill the angiographic
      criteria of extremely poor runoff with an absent or deficient pedal arch.

PMID- 6838363
TI  - Distal tibial vein grafts for limb salvage.
AB  - Bypasses below the tibial peroneal trunk, which are not commonly performed, are
      an effective method of limb salvage. We have done long-term follow-up of all 148
      consecutive grafts done during the past 19 years. By careful patient selection,
      detailed arteriograms, utilization of veins from all extremities, meticulous
      operating technique, and noninvasive follow-up, we have achieved a limb salvage
      rate of 75% and a cumulative five-year patency rate of 62%. Diabetics made up 53%
      of the series and did not affect the results. Seventy-one percent of all failures
      occurred in the first six months. Considering the charges for hospitalization,
      amputation, prostheses, and rehabilitation, distal tibial bypass procedures are
      cost-effective.

PMID- 6838364
TI  - Major pelvic fractures.
AB  - Pelvic fractures associated with blunt trauma contributed significantly to
      morbidity and mortality in 593 patients with high-velocity deceleration injuries.
      Those with open, hemorrhagic pelvic fractures required massive blood volume
      replacement and intensive care for long periods of time and had a 60% mortality.
      Patients with hemorrhagic pelvic fractures also had a notable blood replacement
      requirement (mean, 29 units) and a 50% mortality. Patients with open pelvic
      fractures without significant hemorrhage had a 25% mortality and were at an
      increased risk of pelvic sepsis. The overall mortality associated with pelvic
      fractures following high-velocity deceleration accidents was 16.6%. The
      identifiable causes of death in patients with pelvic fractures were associated
      injuries, particularly closed head injury, hemorrhage from pelvic vessels, and
      sepsis. An improved survival rate requires better, more prompt use of available
      treatment, as well as development of new and better methods of caring for
      severely injured patients with blunt trauma.

PMID- 6838365
TI  - Incidence and function of residual splenic tissue following splenectomy for
      trauma in adults.
AB  - A limited study of children requiring splenectomy for trauma suggested a 59%
      incidence of splenosis. We attempted to confirm these results in 40 adult
      patients with trauma. Residual splenic tissue, from either splenosis or accessory
      spleens, was seen in 26% of patients who underwent splenectomy for trauma and
      subsequent splenic scintigraphy. There was no significant difference in serum IgM
      levels between control patients and splenectomy patients with or without residual
      splenic tissue. There was also no difference in the percentage of pitted RBCs in
      splenectomized patients with or without residual splenic tissue. However, both
      groups of splenectomized patients had significantly higher numbers of pitted RBCs
      than did controls. These results indicate that the incidence of residual splenic
      tissue, though significant, is lower than previously reported, and that natural
      splenosis probably results in a small splenic mass incapable of restoring total
      splenic function.

PMID- 6838367
TI  - Utilization of blood recycling in nonelective surgery.
AB  - Intraoperative infusion of autologous shed blood is efficacious in elective
      vascular, cardiac, and orthopedic surgery. Blood recycling has also been
      advocated for emergency and trauma surgery. We examined 33 candidates for
      autotransfusion during emergency surgery. Autologous blood accounted for only 11%
      of the total blood replaced. Only 25 of the patients survived long enough to
      permit reinfusion. Because of rapid hemostasis, nine of the remaining patients
      (36%) received less than the 2 units necessary to be cost-effective. No evidence
      was found for septicemia or coagulopathy caused by autotransfusion. We concluded
      that, as currently applied, recycling of shed blood during emergency surgery is
      of value in a limited group of patients. The collection and storage of
      heparinized shed blood during the preoperative and early intraoperative periods,
      with later processing and reinfusion in selected patients, may expand its
      applicability.

PMID- 6838366
TI  - Management of full-thickness burns of the scalp and skull.
AB  - Full-thickness burn injury of the scalp, with or without necrosis of underlying
      bone, is a complex therapeutic problem. Inability to diagnose depth of injury,
      controversy regarding wound closure, and a high incidence of acute morbidity are
      all associated with it. We reviewed the records of 17 patients who had suffered
      such injury. Wound closure was accomplished by split-thickness autograft alone in
      three patients, by bone dermabrasion and split-thickness autograft in six, by
      bone excision and split-thickness autograft in five, and by immediate local
      rotation flap in three. Systemic and/or local septic complications developed in
      50% of all patients who underwent bony debridement. When feasible, early excision
      followed by immediate flap coverage is the procedure of choice. It avoids the
      multiple operative procedures required by the more conservative approach to wound
      closure, thereby shortening the period of primary hospitalization and virtually
      eliminating the risk of sepsis.

PMID- 6838369
TI  - Impaired renal concentrating ability during resuscitation from shock.
AB  - Renal concentrating ability was tested in 20 severely injured patients who
      received an average of 21 blood transfusions. Timed measurements were made of
      urine output (UO), and the clearance of creatinine glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR), sodium (CNa), osmols (COsm), and free water (CH2O) during operation and
      were repeated at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively, and on postoperative days 2 and
      4. During operation the GFR was markedly reduced (36 mL/min), while UO, CNa, and
      COsm were all markedly increased (8.5, 5.9, and 8.1 mL/min, respectively). The
      CH2O was positive (0.4 mL/min). Following operation the rate of renal excretion
      of water and solutes was still high: UO, 4.0 mL/min; CNa, 4.3 mL/min; and COsm,
      6.0 mL/min. Five hours postoperatively the CH2O had returned to normal. By day 2
      the excretion rate of water had returned closer to normal: UO, 2.1 mL/min; CNa,
      2.6 mL/min; COsm, 4.0 mL/min; the CH2O was normal. Subsequent study results were
      normal. These data demonstrate a renal concentrating impairment during and
      following operation. An osmotic diuresis, transient tubular ischemia, a washout
      of interstitial inner medullary osmoles, or some cryptic factor may be causative.

PMID- 6838368
TI  - Severe duodenal injuries. Treatment with pyloric exclusion and gastrojejunostomy.
AB  - During a 12-year period, 313 patients with duodenal injuries were treated.
      Primary repair, pyloric exclusion, and gastrojejunostomy were used in 128
      patients (41%) with severe duodenal and pancreaticoduodenal injuries, to reduce
      "duodenal" morbidity and mortality. The duodenal fistula rate was 2.2% overall,
      and 5.5% in the patients undergoing exclusion. Only two deaths were due to
      fistulas. Forty-two patients underwent upper gastrointestinal tract examinations
      after operation. In patients examined 21 days or more after operation, 94% had a
      patent pylorus. Marginal ulceration was infrequent (four patients), as were
      complications associated with the procedure (3%). Pyloric exclusion with
      gastrojejunostomy is a quick and simple procedure that allows return of pyloric
      patency and is associated with a low incidence of duodenal fistulas. When
      fistulas do develop, they are usually easily controlled and are associated with a
      low mortality. We believe pyloric exclusion with gastrojejunostomy to be the
      procedure of choice in patients with severe duodenal and pancreaticoduodenal
      trauma.

PMID- 6838370
TI  - Abdominal abscess. A surgical strategy.
AB  - To reassess the role of laparotomy and extraserosal drainage in the treatment of
      patients with abdominal abscess, we analyzed the course of 79 patients who
      underwent 97 operations to treat 120 abdominal abscesses during a five-year
      period. In 66 clinical episodes the abscess was drained by the most direct
      approach. Sepsis resolved with a single operation In 80% of these patients, five
      patients (8%) required a second operation for drainage for an abscess, and eight
      patients (12%) died. In 31 clinical episodes, the abscess was drained by a
      laparotomy. Sepsis resolved with a single operation in 61% of these patients,
      seven patients (21%) had a second abscess, six patients (19%) required a second
      operation to drain a metachronous abscess, and six patients (19%) died. When the
      location or number of abscesses was diagnosed incorrectly, the success rate of
      therapy fell substantially. Since most abdominal abscesses can now be accurately
      diagnosed preoperatively, most abscesses should be drained by a direct approach.
      Exploratory laparotomy is indicated when preoperative localization is
      unsuccessful, when sepsis has not resolved after other methods of drainage, or
      when the patient has a concomitant abdominal condition that must be treated
      surgically.

PMID- 6838371
TI  - Acute peptic ulcer in childhood. Emergency surgical therapy in 39 cases.
AB  - Acute peptic ulcers occurred in 39 infants and children, 22 girls and 17 boys.
      Eleven patients were less than one year of age. Peptic ulcers were secondary to
      systemic disease or ulcerogenic medications in 34 cases. Hemorrhage occurred in
      27 patients, perforation in 12. Endoscopy was the most useful diagnostic
      procedure for hemorrhage. Free air was seen on abdominal roentgenogram in all
      perforated patients. Ligation of the ulcer bed, vagotomy, and pyloroplasty were
      performed in 25 patients with bleeding. One patient required total gastrectomy.
      Simple plication was performed in nine patients with perforation. Plication was
      combined with pyloroplasty and tube duodenostomy in one patient each, and
      vagotomy and antrectomy were required in one patient. Operative mortality was
      5.2%. There were two late deaths (Reye's syndrome and burn sepsis). No ulcer has
      recurred.

PMID- 6838372
TI  - Asymptomatic thrombosis.

PMID- 6838373
TI  - Increase of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in rat erythrocytes in
      lead poisoning.
AB  - The well known fact that the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
      (ALAD: EC 4.2.1.24) is reduced in red cells of animals with lead poisoning was
      found to be upset, by using a modified method of Gibson's original procedure, for
      determination of activated ALAD activity. The modified method involves addition
      of 0.2 mM Zn2+ and then preheating the enzyme solution at 60 degrees C for 5 min
      before following Gibson's original procedure. With this methodological
      modification, the ALAD activity of erythrocytes of rats poisoned with lead was
      found increased. Furthermore, the enzyme was purified from the peripheral blood
      of lead-poisoned rats. ALAD protein in peripheral blood was also determined by
      single radial immuno diffusion using rabbit anti-serum raised against rat liver
      ALAD. As the result, the ALAD activity obtained from the modified method was
      found to be directly proportional to the absolute amount of enzyme proteins
      determined both by chemically and immunochemically. The modified method for
      measuring true ALAD content in blood cells in lead poisoning is more reliable
      than previous ones.

PMID- 6838374
TI  - Studies on the toxicology of hexachlorobenzene. V. Different phases of porphyria
      during and after treatment.

PMID- 6838375
TI  - Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity of orally administered lynestrenol in rabbits.
AB  - Pregnant Belted Dutch rabbits were administered lynestrenol 17-alpha-ethynyl
      oestr-4-en-17-beta-ol) orally on days 6-18 of gestation at doses of 0.1, 0.5, and
      2.5 mg/kg/day. On day 29 of gestation the does were killed and autopsied and the
      fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities.
      Lynestrenol administration produced a statistically significant increase in the
      number of post-implantation loss (p = 0.05) and in the average per cent of
      abnormal fetuses per dose group (63%, 66%, and 87% for the medicated group,
      versus 12% for the placebo group, p = 0.05). None of the doses tested was lethal
      to the does, but the average weight gain was decreased for the medium and the
      high dose groups. Abnormalities of the central nervous system and skeletal
      variants were the most frequent findings in the fetuses.

PMID- 6838376
TI  - Embryotoxicity induced by alkylating agents. Teratogenicity of acetoxymethyl
      methylnitrosamine: dose-response relationship, application route dependency and
      phase specificity.
AB  - Acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine, the acetate ester of the presumed reactive
      metabolite of dimethylnitrosamine, is an effective teratogen in NMRI mice. An
      unusual phenomenon of application route specificity and a pronounced phase
      specificity of the teratogenic effects induced are demonstrated. Dose-response
      relationships are established. Some further arguments are given to support the
      basic hypothesis that the teratogenicity of alkylating agents is closely
      correlated to the DNA alkylation rate of embryonic cells.

PMID- 6838377
TI  - Electron microscopic study on vaccinia virus release.
AB  - FL cells infected with the IHD-W strain of vaccinia virus were studied by
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A large number of naked virus
      particles were found to accumulate beneath the host cell plasma membrane and to
      protrude from the cell surface. It was seen in some cases that naked viral
      particles were released by budding not only from the cell surface but also from
      the surface of cytoplasmic packets which were seen along the cell periphery.

PMID- 6838378
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. IV. Electron microscopic investigation of the
      virion.
AB  - The structure of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM virus) was investigated
      by a variety of conventional as well as novel electron microscopic procedures.
      Thin sections of infected cells revealed the characteristic arenavirus entities
      whose interiors contain ribosome-like granules but look otherwise empty. In
      contrast, most thin-sectioned virus particles from infectious cell culture fluid,
      both untreated and highly purified with little loss of initial infectivity,
      appeared to be filled with rather homogeneous cores. Cores rather than granules
      were also found in positively contrasted whole and thin-sectioned virus
      particles. We favor the explanation that the sandy grains, which have given this
      group of viruses its name, are altered cores that happen to look like ribosomes.
      However, the alternative cannot yet be excluded, namely, that LCM virus-infected
      cells produce two types of particles, of which only the core-containing ones
      represent virions.

PMID- 6838379
TI  - Antigenic variation of Newcastle disease virus strains detected by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Forty Newcastle disease virus strains and isolates could be placed in eight
      distinct antigenic groups on their ability to induce binding of nine mouse
      monoclonal antibodies, raised against strain NDV-Ulster 2C, to infected MDBK
      cells as assessed by an indirect immuno-peroxidase test. Viruses placed in each
      group appeared to share both biological and epizootiological properties.

PMID- 6838380
TI  - Mouse neurotropic recombinants of influenza A viruses.
AB  - Recombinants with known gene constellations between fowl plague virus (FPV) and
      various prototype influenza virus strains have been examined for neurovirulence
      in suckling mice. Strongly neurotropic recombinants were obtained from crosses
      between FPV and the strains virus N, Hong Kong, and PR8, but not between FPV and
      equi 2 or swine viruses. All highly neurotropic recombinants had RNA segment 4
      (HA) derived from FPV and RNA segment 2 (Ptra gene) from the other prototype
      strain. The derivation of two other RNA segments of the polymerase complex,
      namely RNA segments 3 (Pol 2) and 5 (NP) and also segment 8 (NS) can modulate
      these properties. For example, if in recombinants between FPV and virus N in
      addition to RNA segment 2 also RNA segments 3 and/or 8 are derived from virus N,
      neurovirulence is further enhanced, while replacement of RNA segment 5 of FPV by
      the corresponding segment of virus N decreases or abolishes neurovirulence. The
      derivation of the other genes does not seem to be relevant for neurovirulence in
      the crosses mentioned above. Of the prototype strains tested, the turkey England
      (t. Engl.) strain is the only one which was highly neurotropic for suckling mice.
      Recombinants between FPV and t. Engl. which have kept the HA gene of t. Engl.
      were still neurotropic, while those with the HA gene of FPV were completely
      avirulent. The results obtained demonstrated that 1. the creation of influenza
      virus recombinants neurotropic for mice is not a rare event; 2. one of the
      parents should multiply well in mouse lungs; 3. the presence of a cleavable
      hemagglutinin is necessary, but not sufficient. In the pair FPV/turkey England
      the hemagglutinin of turkey England seems to determine neurovirulence.

PMID- 6838381
TI  - Structural and thermodynamic investigation of the Chilo iridescent virus
      (Iridovirus type 6).
AB  - Structural features and thermodynamic parameters of the complete Chilo iridescent
      virus (Iridovirus type 6) and its constituents, isolated from the larvae of
      Galleria mellonella, were evaluated by means of UV spectroscopy and
      microcalorimetry. It can be demonstrated that the viral DNA is attached to the
      coat protein in a chromatin-like fashion, which is preserved after disruption of
      the virus by low temperature or partial digestion of the coat protein with
      proteinase K. At elevated temperature however the viral DNA is denaturated
      irreversibly. The coat protein appears to remain in its native state during the
      DNA transition and its own thermal denaturation profile shows its independence
      from the DNA denaturation.

PMID- 6838383
TI  - [Electron-microscope study of ribonucleoprotein particles in the cerebral cortex
      neurons during the posthypoxia period].
AB  - As demonstrate the experiments performed in rats, during the postanoxic period in
      the cerebral cortex neurons, the content of nuclear and cytoplasmic
      ribonucleoproteids changes essentially. The most labile and highly sensitive
      components of the protein-synthesizing system in the neuron are the perichromatin
      fibrillae. Then the perichromatin and interchromatin granules disappear. An
      increased formation of the perichromatin fibrillae in the nucleus precedes the
      activation of the reparative processes.

PMID- 6838385
TI  - [Pathways in the dorsomedial hippocampus of the turtle].
AB  - In tortoises (Testudo horsfieldi Gray) and in pond turtles (Emys orbicularis L.)
      rostral portions connections of the dorsomedial hippocamp with various structures
      of the forebrain and the diencephalon have been studied. Reciprocal connections
      of the hippocamp with the olfactory bulb have been revealed by means of the
      horseradish peroxidase method. Other olfactory centers of the hemisphere
      (anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, bandaletta diagonalis (Broca)
      nucleus and medial nucleus of the anterior amygdaloid area) send to the hippocamp
      their afferent fibres. An essential number of peroxidase-labelled cells are
      detected in the anterior thalamic, anterior dorsolateral and anterior dorsomedial
      nuclei (the lateral preoptic, the periventricular, the lateral and the mamillary
      (niclei) are labelled in less number. By means of the anteriograde axons and
      terminas degeneration, it has been stated that descending axons of the
      dorsomedial hippocamp terminate in the same nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, in
      which the labelled cells are revealed after injection of horseradish peroxidase
      into the hippocamp. The experiments demonstrate that there is a considerable
      prevalence of the hippocampal fibres descending to the thalamic nuclei comparing
      those descending to the hypothalamus. The results obtained demonstrate structural
      heterogeneity of the tortoise hippocamp. The data on connections of the tortoise
      three thalamic nuclei with the hippocamp make it possible to consider them as
      limbic structures.

PMID- 6838384
TI  - [Cholinergic neurons in the nuclear formations of the human fetal medulla
      oblongata].
AB  - The medulla oblongata of the human fetuses 22-27-week-old has been studied.
      Histochemical methods for cholinacetyltransferase (ChAT) and partly for
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have been used. Twenty-five nuclei have been
      described; four types of neurons with a low, middle, high and very high ChAT
      activity have been revealed in them. In the motor nuclei, neurons with a high,
      and in the sensitive nuclei--with a low ChAT activity predominate. In 13 nuclei a
      relative content of the cholinergic neurons has been calculated; it is low in the
      lateral reticular nucleus and in the Roller's nucleus (49-53%), high--in nuclei
      of the cranio-cerebral nerves (92-100%). In the motor neurons of the segmentary
      centers there is a certain correlation between the ChAT and AChE activity; in
      other neural centers (the inferior olive, the reticular substance nuclei) there
      is no such coincidence.

PMID- 6838387
TI  - [Characteristics of adrenal anatomy in the newborn infant].
AB  - In 162 isolated organocomplexes, as well as in situ in 50 corpses of newborns of
      both sex with the body mass 2,500-4,800 g, the form and size of the adrenal
      glands have been studied. Three main forms of the adrenal glands have been
      revealed: triangular (28%), trapezial (40%), irregular oval (32%). The triangular
      form predominate on the right (44%) and the trapezial one--on the left (44%). The
      adrenal surface is lobular, the number of lobules being from 1-2 up to 3-4 and
      even more. The adrenal size varies: the vertical size (height) of the anterior
      surface is 11-32, that of the posterior--7-24, the transversal size (width of the
      base)--20-39, the sagittal size (thickness of the base)--5-25 mm. The adrenals in
      the newborns are characterized by relatively large dimentions: the ratio of the
      anterior surface height to the trunk length is expressed as 1:22, the ratio of
      the anterior surface height to the kidney length--as 1:1.6. Skeletotopically and
      regarding the renal vessels, the adrenals can occupy both a high and a low
      position, the latter being more often observed on the left. The adrenals of the
      newborns are characterized by a relatively large peritoneal field, that is the
      part of the anterior surface to which no other organs adjoin, that is covered
      with the peritoneum and turned into the peritoneal cavity. The left adrenal gland
      has two peritoneal fields--superior and inferior.

PMID- 6838386
TI  - [Gonad innervation in bivalve mollusks].
AB  - In marine Lamellibranchia--Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) and Crenomytilus
      grayanus (Dunker)--neural cells, small ganglia and neural fibres have been
      revealed in the gonad wall. The sensitive and effector parts are presented by
      rather variable morphological formations. By means of histochemical and
      ultrastructural investigations, functional affiliation of axons is revealed and
      their relations to tissue elements of the gonad are demonstrated. The effector
      neural apparatus is formed by peptidergic, cholinergic and monoaminergic axons.
      Most of the axons, forming a thick network, are monoaminergic. There are some
      essential differences in the structure of the monoaminergic plexuses in juvenile
      and mature individuals. No specialized membrane differentiations, specific for
      sinapses, have been found.

PMID- 6838382
TI  - Nucleotide sequence relationships among thirty peanut stunt virus isolates
      determined by competition hybridization.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence homology among 30 peanut stunt virus (PSV) isolates was
      determined. The isolates divided into two groups with little homology between
      them but extensive homology among their members. Only one isolate had
      nonoverlapping partial homology with both groups.

PMID- 6838388
TI  - [Regeneration of the parathyroid glands following mechanical trauma].
AB  - During the interval of 3h-42 days regeneration of the parathyroid glands
      traumatized by means of forceps has been studied in 66 rats. The model presented
      reproduces the postoperative state of hypoparathyreosis occurring in the clinic.
      Ten intact and 30 pseudooperated animals serve as controls. The material is
      treated by means of histological, histochemical and morphometric methods (the
      stereological one including). The function of the gland is estimated according to
      total calcium content in blood serum. After 3-17th the parathyroid gland trauma
      produces some foci of parenchymal destruction. On the second day connective
      tissue begins developing in them. Epithelial regeneration occurs at the expense
      of an increased mitotic activity of the chief cells in the noninjured parts of
      the gland up to 0.9-1.5%, after 3-4 days hypertrophy of epitheliocytes, their
      nuclei and nucleoli, increasing number of nucleoli in the nucleus. After 5-10
      days a limited outgrowth of the glandular parenchyma within large foci of the
      lesion is observed in some animals. Because of a rapid development of the
      connective tissue scars, however, at the place of the destroyed glandular
      parenchyma areas, there is no normalization of the organ's structure and function
      by the 42d day. A relative volume of stroma increases as much as 3-4 times as
      compared to the noninjured gland. The quantitative data dynamics analised
      demonstrate certain phasing in the regenerative processes: period of an
      alteration and an active macrophagal reaction (first 48 h after trauma), period
      of an active regeneration (the 2d - the 6th day), period of a temporary
      compensation (the 8th - the 13th day), period of a stable hyperfunction of the
      organ (the 16th - the 42d day).

PMID- 6838389
TI  - [Electron-cytochemical study of the changes in the structure of hyperchromic
      neurons shown after chlorpromazine administration].
AB  - By means of Bernhard's electron cytochemical method for revealing DNP and RNP,
      the hyperchromic neurons in the cerebral cortex have been investigated 3, 6, 24
      and 48 hours after chlorpromazine hydrochloride administration (15 mg/kg).
      Development of hyperchromia in the neurons has been followed beginning from
      minimal changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm up to their maximal reconstruction
      and a subsequent restoration to the normal stage. The data obtained demonstrate
      that hyperchromia of the neuron during various phases of its development can be
      characterized both by a decreasing synthetic activity and by restorative
      processes during the last period when the functional state is normalized.

PMID- 6838390
TI  - [Absolute strength of the muscles attached to the mandible].
AB  - In the course of an anatomical investigation of the muscles, securing movements
      of the mandible, performed on 10 human corpses, the muscle fibre length, volume
      and weight of each muscle has been estimated. Owing to the formula suggested by
      P. F. Leshaft (1880)--q = v/e, the physiological diameter of the muscles has been
      determined. Since the muscle with the diameter equal to 1 cm2 develops an
      absolute forse of 10 kg, the absolute muscle force value of the anterior group of
      muscles has been obtained for the first time (venter anterior musculi digastri-
      4.8 kg, musculus mylohyoideus--10.7 kg and musculus geniohyoideus--6.3 kg). The
      data on the absolute force of the posterior group of muscles has been verified
      (musculus masseter--24.2 kg, musculus temporalis--28 kg, musculus pterygoideus
      medialis--15.6 kg and musculus pterygoideus lateralis--15.5 kg). Analysing the
      interaction of forces of the muscles participating in the mandible movements,
      direction and value of displacements of the mandibular fragments have been
      explained and confirmed on some clinical examples. The data on the absolute force
      of the muscles studied can be used for investigating the displacement mechanism
      of the mandibular fragments after its resection and when its integrity is broken.

PMID- 6838391
TI  - [Methods of multilayer reconstruction of the epithelial complexes of the salivary
      glands on the basis of serial semithin sections].

PMID- 6838392
TI  - [Device for the biomicroscopic study of the vascular bed of the bulbar
      conjunctiva].

PMID- 6838393
TI  - [History of anatomy in the Ukraine during the Soviet period].

PMID- 6838396
TI  - Soviet--American collaboration on the development of an artificial heart and
      mechanical circulatory assistance.

PMID- 6838394
TI  - Implanted artificial heart with radioisotope power source.
AB  - An atomic artificial heart for orthotopic implantation was developed with the
      following characteristics: volume, 1.2 L; weight, 1.5 kg; radioisotope power, 45
      W; operating life, up to 5 years; hemodynamics, similar to natural hemodynamics.
      The artificial heart includes a thermal drive with systems for regulating power,
      feeding steam into the cylinders, return of the condensate to the steam
      generator, and delivery of power to the ventricles and heat container. The
      artificial heart is placed in an artificial pericardium partially filled with
      physiologic solution. It uses a steam engine with two operating cylinders that
      separately drive the left and right ventricles. There is no electronic control
      system in the proposed design. The operation of the heat engine is controlled,
      with preservation of autoregulation by the vascular system of the body. The
      separate drives for the ventricles is of primary importance as it provides for
      operation of the artificial heart through control of cardiac activity by venous
      return. Experimental testing on a hydromechanical bench demonstrated effective
      autoregulation.

PMID- 6838395
TI  - Modeling and prospects for study of cardiovascular pathology with the artificial
      heart.
AB  - A series of models of the artificial heart has been developed for simulating
      different heart defects including stenosis of the atrioventricular ostium and
      mitral and tricuspid incompetence. Simulation of ventricular fibrillation is also
      possible. Repeated perturbation and restoration of artificial heart function are
      possible in the same animal. These processes are controlled externally. The
      surgical technique of implanting the artificial heart does not differ from the
      usual technique. Models of the artificial heart permit the study of fundamental
      problems in the physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6838398
TI  - Assisted circulation in cardiac and respiratory insufficiency.
AB  - Intra-aortic counterpulsation with a balloon pump (IABP) was used in 63 patients
      with cardiogenic shock, heart failure after surgery with artificial circulation,
      internal lacerations of the myocardium, or unstable angina. It was found that the
      IABP was most efficient in conditions related to myocardial ischemia. Use of
      arteriovenous perfusion (in 11 patients) or artificial ventricles is indicated in
      severe perturbations of the pumping function of the heart. As experience has
      shown, cardiologic and heart surgery patients usually have multiorgan
      insufficiency. For this reason, it is necessary to use other artificial organs in
      complex treatment: artificial lungs, kidneys, livers, etc.

PMID- 6838397
TI  - Development of methods of assisted circulation with artificial heart ventricles.
AB  - A comparative study of two methods of bypassing the heart with artificial
      ventricles (AV) was conducted: left atrium-aorta and left ventricle-aorta. The
      following factors permit left ventricular bypass to compete successfully with
      left ventricle-aorta bypass: creation of perfected pumps with low input
      impedance, use of materials with high resistance to thrombus formation for
      preparation of the AV and main connecting lines, and development of optimum
      methods of anticoagulant, disaggregation, and cardiac therapy so that there is no
      danger of thrombosis and hemorrhage, either experimentally or clinically.
      Thrombosis was the primary cause of death in only one case in a series of
      experiments on 15 calves with AV connected according to the atrium-aorta scheme.
      The positive changes in hemodynamics were approximately the same with the two
      methods.

PMID- 6838399
TI  - Prospects for using implanted systems of assisted circulation and artificial
      heart with a radioisotope power source (biomedical, thermal, and radiation
      aspects).
AB  - The capacity of dogs to diffuse heat (up to 50 W) from an artificial heart and to
      tolerate prolonged intracorporeal ionizing radiation from a radioisotope power
      source (238Pu) was investigated, using electrical models of vascular blood heat
      exchangers that permit reproduction of elimination and heat transmission in
      autonomous systems. It was shown that up to 50 W can be discharged at
      temperatures of the wall-blood interface that do not exceed 43 degrees C.
      Clotting indexes, concentration of total protein, hemolysis, and serum enzyme
      activity during 1-1.5 months of heating remained within physiologically normal
      limits. A specific power load of up to 1.5 W/kg at ambient temperatures of 18-20
      degrees C revealed no evidence of changes in heat production. By measuring the
      distribution of power of the dose absorbed around a 45-W plutonium source it was
      possible to estimate dose loads on critical organs and to assess overall risk of
      death from malignant tumors induced by radiation over a 10-year period: 6-12% for
      males and 8-14% for females. It is not very probable that use of the artificial
      heart with a radioisotope power source will be limited by thermal and radiational
      effects.

PMID- 6838400
TI  - Numerical modeling of blood flow in the ventricular cavity of the artificial
      heart.
AB  - The flow of blood as a viscous, Newtonian, incompressible liquid in an expanding
      spherical cavity with a ball-type inlet valve was examined. This type of flow can
      serve as a model of the phase of ventricular diastole in a sac-type artificial
      heart. The critical values of Reynolds numbers at which flow interruption behind
      the valve occurs were found. The optimum geometric ratios of the dimensions of
      the ventricular cavity and valve that permit a decrease in the input resistance
      of the cavity, the size of the valve, and the surface tensions in the bloodstream
      were determined.

PMID- 6838401
TI  - In vitro assessment of the hemocompatible properties of polymers.
AB  - Based on the available data in the literature and personal results, a system of
      in vitro tests, consisting of two levels of selection, was proposed for
      assessment of hemocompatible properties of polymers. The first level consists of
      rapid methods for preliminary assessment (clotting time, hemolytic activity of
      the sample, and number of adhesive platelets). The second level involves methods
      for final selection and consists of measurement of the kinetics of the initial
      stages of adsorption of albumin, the degree of activation of the complement
      system, the intensity of radical oxidation of the lipid fraction of the blood,
      and the degree of platelet spreading. Comparative experimental assessment of
      these methods was conducted with a number of polymers and revealed the confidence
      limits for the application of each test and suggested quantitative criteria for
      selection.

PMID- 6838402
TI  - Organization of treatment of patients with cardiac insufficiency of different
      origin.
AB  - Assisted circulation is now used in the treatment of severe forms of heart
      failure which complicate the course of many diseases. Application of one method
      of assisted circulation--intra-aortic counterpulsation by a balloon pump in
      cardiogenic shock--was successful: prolonged survival (over 1 year) was obtained
      in 18% of the patients. A further decrease in the mortality rate is dependent on
      the rational organization of treatment for these patients. This poses two major
      problems: the organization of treatment of patients in cardiogenic shock and
      postoperative heart failure in large cardiologic and heart surgery centers, and
      treatment of heart failure in patients in whom it has occurred secondarily. We
      developed a method of organizing the treatment of these patients beginning in the
      prehospital stage and continuing in a specialized hospital. In addition to
      methods of assisted circulation, various intensive care methods and hemosorption
      (in poisoning by liver toxins), hemodialysis (in anuria), etc., are used.
      Although this type of organization complicates therapy, the results are
      significantly improved.

PMID- 6838403
TI  - Clinical prospectives of modeling in plasmapheresis.

PMID- 6838404
TI  - Furosemide-induced increase in urinary and peritoneal excretion of uric acid
      during peritoneal dialysis in patients with chronic uremia.

PMID- 6838405
TI  - Electrical energy converters for practical human total artificial hearts--an
      opinion in support of electropneumatic systems.
AB  - Until recently, most artificial hearts have served as research tools to acquire
      further knowledge necessary ultimately to design practical systems for human use.
      Transcutaneous systems or percutaneous systems utilizing permanently implanted
      energy converters, batteries, and electronics packages have a number of
      substantial problems that would not exist if most system elements were kept
      outside the body. These problems include physiologic control, fit and fixation,
      foreign body infection, hermetic sealing, cable insulation and fatigue, inherent
      system complexity, stringent requirements for maintenance-free operation with
      long-term high reliability, and high cost. Percutaneous systems, particularly
      those in which only the blood pump is implanted, are an attractive choice for
      practical systems in the near future. A wearable, battery-powered
      electropneumatic total heart system should be developed.

PMID- 6838406
TI  - Development and evaluation of pulsatile roller pump and tubing for cardiac
      assistance.
AB  - In our laboratories we have developed a roller pump for cardiopulmonary bypass
      and circulatory assistance that has the ability to produce steady or pulsatile
      flow. The pulsatile mode can also be used for counterpulsation. The roller pump
      has been tested both experimentally and clinically. Studies have also been
      performed in vitro and in vivo to evaluate and select the best medical-grade
      roller pump tubing to be used in the pump for short- and long-term support. In
      vitro tests included rebounding of tubing volume versus revolutions per minute,
      rebounding over time with continuous pumping, flex life, and spallation. In vivo
      testing was performed in mongrel dogs using heparinless left heart bypass pumping
      for 6 h. Hematologic studies were performed during the procedure. Postmortem
      examination was performed, looking especially for thromboembolism. The tubing and
      connectors were also inspected. The results of the in vivo and in vitro tests of
      all tubings were then compared.

PMID- 6838407
TI  - Status of implantable energy systems to actuate and control ventricular assist
      devices.
AB  - A major goal of the Devices and Technology Branch of the National Heart, Lung,
      and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the development of a family of devices that can be
      effectively used in the rehabilitation of patients with advanced heart disease.
      The development of implantable circulatory assist and total heart replacement
      devices forms a major portion of this goal. A miniature, implantable energy
      converter is a key to the development of a tether-free, implantable ventricular
      assist system. This paper defines the energy system design requirements,
      identifies key subsystems, briefly reviews NHLBI-sponsored research activities,
      defines the current research status, and identifies current problem areas and
      research issues.

PMID- 6838408
TI  - Experimental results for chronic left ventricular assist and total artificial
      heart development.
AB  - After more than 20 years of research on the artificial heart, it is now accepted
      that the pneumatically actuated total artificial heart can maintain near-normal
      physiology in experimental animals for several months. Such systems are
      clinically acceptable for short-term application (a few months) in patients
      waiting for a suitable heart transplant. However, realistically, a cardiac
      prosthesis that has the capability of being totally implantable for over 2 years
      must be available. Based on this premise, our group initiated the development of
      a mechanically actuated total artificial heart, capable of coupling with either a
      thermal or electrical actuation system. Since 1977, under the National Institutes
      of Health chronic left ventricular assist program, we have used two different
      pusher-plate pumps and electrical systems. Taking advantage of technology
      generated in these programs, we began developing a prosthesis to replace the
      total cardiac function. This paper is a summary of both the chronic left
      ventricular assist and total artificial heart development progress in this
      laboratory.

PMID- 6838409
TI  - Development and evaluation of a long-term, implantable, electrically actuated
      left ventricular assist system: THI/Gould LVAS.
AB  - A long-term, implantable, electrically actuated left ventricular assist system
      (THI/Gould LVAS) is being developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo for
      utilization in patients with end-stage heart disease. This system consists of
      five major components: a long-term, implantable blood pump (THI E-type ALVAD); an
      electrical-mechanical energy converter (Gould Model V); a control unit with
      batteries; a volume compensation system; and an external power supply and
      monitoring unit. Two of these components (blood pump and electrical-mechanical
      energy converter) have been integrated, and are undergoing chronic in vivo
      evaluations in calves. Thus far, 44 pneumatically and electrically actuated
      THI/Gould LVAS evaluations have been performed. This experience has resulted in
      greater than 6.5 years of actuation in vivo, with durations exceeding 1 year.
      System in vivo performance in terms of durability, mechanical reliability,
      hemodynamic effectiveness, and biocompatibility has been satisfactory.
      Demonstration of long-term (2-year) effectiveness in supporting the circulation
      is the ultimate goal.

PMID- 6838410
TI  - Physical testing of elastomers for cardiovascular applications.
AB  - There are presently no short-term in vitro fatigue tests available that can
      predict long-term in vivo performance of elastomers in physiological
      environments. Thus, the introduction of new and better elastomers for
      cardiovascular applications is hampered in the development stage by lack of data
      about which materials should be commercialized. After development, new materials
      are also slow to be used because of the lack of comparative data on current
      elastomers. Thus, short-term fatigue tests are being developed in three U.S.
      laboratories. In our laboratory, a wide variety of fatigue tests has been
      conducted using a constant strain fatigue test machine. In most of these fatigue
      tests, the strain is increased daily until failure occurs. Although blood is
      generally considered to be a very corrosive environment, our tests indicate that
      it actually extends the fatigue life of elastomers, compared with air or water
      environments. A combination of fatigue tests using both cut-initiated and uncut
      test specimens appears to provide the most predictive information.

PMID- 6838412
TI  - Conjunctival eosinophils in allergic ocular disease.
AB  - Tarsal conjunctival scrapings of 317 patients with allergic ocular disease
      demonstrated that eosinophils were found infrequently in scrapings of patients
      with mild allergic conditions and were found in only 63% (17/27) of the patients
      with vernal conjunctivitis. In similar studies of a 12-year-old boy with vernal
      keratoconjunctivitis, no eosinophils were recovered in his scraping, even though
      12 eosinophils were found in five high-power fields of his biopsy specimen. We
      conclude that eosinophils present in the deep and superficial conjunctival
      tissues may not be recovered in scrapings; their absence from scrapings should
      not preclude the diagnosis of allergic ocular disease.

PMID- 6838411
TI  - Improvement in intra-aortic balloon pumping and evaluation of its efficacy by
      electrode methods of control.
AB  - A basically new design for the reversing balloon pump has been proposed for
      increasing the efficacy of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). The device not
      only causes a significant increase in discharge, but also permits control of the
      central and peripheral circulation within the desired limits owing to back-and
      forth movements (like a piston) of the balloon pump. Standard one- and two
      chamber balloon pumps were compared. In addition to traditional hemodynamic and
      biochemical indexes, the efficacy of IABP was assessed based on electrode monitor
      control of PO2 and pH in the myocardium, peripheral tissues, and circulating
      blood. Based on 54 experiments on dogs, it was found that IABP with reversing
      balloon pumps in synchronous pulsation resulted in survival of 69% of the cases;
      PO2 and pH levels in the myocardium, tissues, and blood in the coronary sinus
      were close to normal, and coronary blood flow and peripheral circulation were
      increased. With standard one-chamber balloon pumps, the survival rate did not
      exceed 33.4%; PO2 and pH in the peripheral tissues reached critical levels.

PMID- 6838413
TI  - Increased tear evaporation in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
AB  - The terms dry eye and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) imply a condition of
      highly reduced or absent tear film that often is not clinically demonstrable
      despite the presence of other signs and symptoms. In 52 patients with KCS
      symptoms, either with or without tear volume reduction as measured by Schirmer's
      basic secretion test, we found a statistically significant increase in water
      evaporation rate from the tear film when compared with normal subjects. Such an
      increased evaporation rate might account for the tear hypertonicity known to be
      associated with KCS and postulated to be responsible for ocular surface damage.
      Thus, we propose to identify this group of paradoxically wet "dry eyes" as a
      "syndrome of increased tear evaporation", which better describes the pathogenesis
      of the ocular condition.

PMID- 6838417
TI  - Congenital glaucoma and other ocular abnormalities associated with pericentric
      inversion of chromosome 11.
AB  - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 11 occurred in consecutive generations of
      family members with congenital glaucoma. Affected persons were characterized by
      unilateral or bilateral congenital glaucoma, bilateral corneal disease, and a
      lack of appreciable dysmorphism. Previous reports of inversions of chromosome 11
      are rare, and no ocular abnormalities have been noted. Chromosomal abnormalities
      may be the cause of some forms of congenital glaucoma and should be included in
      the genetic heterogeneity of this disease.

PMID- 6838414
TI  - Photoreceptor degeneration. Possible autoimmune disorder.
AB  - A 61-year-old woman with progressive blindness, initially responsive to steroid
      therapy, was found to have an undifferentiated neoplasm in the cervix uteri.
      Visual fields demonstrated ring scotomas and the electroretinographic pattern
      eventually became flat. The interval from onset of visual symptoms to blindness
      was 19 months. Eye pathologic findings included loss of retinal photoreceptors, a
      macular hole, and normal optic nerves. Antibodies were demonstrated in the
      patient's serum to normal fresh human retinal photoreceptors. An autoimmune
      mechanism may have been responsible for the retinal degeneration in this patient,
      and such a hypothesis raises questions about (1) autoimmune mechanisms in
      patients with retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal degenerative diseases and
      (2) autoimmune mechanisms in other cases of remote effects of carcinoma.

PMID- 6838416
TI  - Fundus changes in acute malnutritional optic neuropathy.
AB  - A peculiar dilation and tortuosity of small retinal vessels within the arcuate
      areas of the retinal nerve fiber layer occurred in a series of patients with
      acute malnutritional optic neuropathy ("tobacco-alcohol amblyopia"). These
      evanescent vascular abnormalities may be caused by arteriovenous shunting. They
      seem to be specific indicators of the early phase of this disease.

PMID- 6838415
TI  - Removal of scleral buckling elements. Causes and complications.
AB  - Fifty-three patients underwent removal of their scleral buckling elements in our
      operating rooms during a 25-year period. Of these, 18 patients suffered a retinal
      redetachment and two went on to phthisis. "Life-table" (survival) analysis showed
      that the risk of redetachment was 23% within the first 30 days after buckling
      element removal and 33% within 90 days. The cumulative risk of redetachment
      during a four-year period gradually increased to 47%. Factors that had a
      statistically significant association with redetachment included the degree of
      vitreous traction at the time of the original retinal detachment and the extent
      of the original detachment. Age, race, sex, preoperative condition, type of
      buckling element, and cause of buckling element removal did not have a
      statistically significant association with redetachment.

PMID- 6838418
TI  - Choroidal folds and refractive errors associated with orbital tumors. An
      analysis.
AB  - Twenty patients with unilateral exophthalmos secondary to orbital tumors
      underwent fundus photography; 16 underwent fluorescein angiography. Choroidal
      folds were found in 15 eyes. The location of each tumor with respect to the globe
      was determined by computed tomography. In addition, most patients underwent B
      scan ultrasonography and surgical exploratory procedures. Choroidal folds were
      more common in patients with greater amounts of exophthalmos and with anteriorly
      located tumors. Moreover, the pattern of choroidal folds generally reflected the
      location of the tumor within the orbit. Comparison with the uninvolved fellow
      eyes showed that preoperative refractive errors were usually shifted toward
      hyperopia with intraconal tumors, whereas extraconal tumors were typically
      associated with higher astigmatic errors on the involved side.

PMID- 6838419
TI  - Rapid decompression of anterior intracranial visual pathways with bromocriptine.
AB  - Bromocriptine mesylate (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine) has proved to be useful in
      reducing the size of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, but little evidence
      has accumulated about its effectiveness within the first two weeks of therapy.
      The patient described herein showed a rapid reduction in the size of the
      suprasellar extension of a prolactinoma and a dramatic improvement of the primary
      visual field abnormalities within two weeks of starting bromocriptine therapy.
      This experience exemplifies the potential use of the drug in acutely
      decompressing the anterior intracranial visual pathways.

PMID- 6838421
TI  - Relationship of heterophoria to stereopsis.
AB  - Eighty patients with 6/7.5 (20/25) or better visual acuity in each eye noted
      differences in stereoacuity with crossed and uncrossed disparity. Esophoric
      patients who perceived a difference were more likely to have greater stereoacuity
      with uncrossed disparity, and exophoric patients who perceived a difference were
      more likely to have greater stereoacuity with crossed disparity. Asymmetry of
      Panum's area may be a factor in this phenomenon.

PMID- 6838422
TI  - Posterior keratoconus associated with systemic abnormalities.
AB  - A 16-year-old girl with bilateral congenital posterior keratoconus of the
      localized type had corneal transplantation performed on one eye. Around the
      scarred central corneal cone there was a ring of Descemet's membrane with large
      knob-like excrescences. A small anterior subcapsular cataract was also present in
      this eye. The pattern of corneal scarring, as seen by electron microscopy,
      suggested an iridocorneal or iridocorneolenticular adhesion present at the 8- to
      20-mm embryonic stage. Associated systemic defects, which could be dated to the
      same period, were median facial clefting and severe genitourinary abnormalities.
      Several external features, such as short stature, abnormal gait, broad nose, and
      upward displacement of the lateral canthi, were similar to those in the Haney
      Falls syndrome of familial posterior keratoconus. No appreciable chromosomal
      abnormalities were found.

PMID- 6838420
TI  - Benign recurrent sixth nerve palsies in childhood. Secondary to immunization or
      viral illness.
AB  - Four children had benign, isolated, and recurrent sixth nerve palsies. Two of the
      children had palsies that occurred following immunizations. This had not been
      previously reported, to our knowledge. The other two patients had palsies that
      followed mild, febrile illnesses that were assumed to be of viral origin. In all
      patients the palsy resolved without other associated neurologic signs or
      symptoms. When a child has an atraumatic sixth nerve palsy, a tumor,
      hydrocephalus, and meningitis must be considered. If the neurologic examination
      shows no associated abnormalities, invasive testing is not indicated. The patient
      should be followed up closely by the ophthalmologist and pediatrician for
      spontaneous recovery.

PMID- 6838423
TI  - Motorized teleguided stereotactic micromanipulator for vitreous microsurgery.
AB  - A recently developed motorized stereotactic micromanipulator enhances the
      precision of the procedure, the comfort of the surgeon, and the safety of the
      patient during vitreous surgery. It can accommodate almost any type of vitreous
      surgical instrument by means of special adapters. The system is moved by the
      action of electrical motors remotely controlled by the surgeon operating a
      joystick on a separate control unit. Electrical reversal of motion, obtained by
      flipping a switch, allows observation through an altered version of the
      Panfundoscope that provides a 160 degrees inverted fundus view during all phases
      of the operation. In addition to improving many aspects of present vitreous
      surgical procedures, this stereotactic system may initiate the development of
      still finer surgical methods that cannot be performed with the free hand.

PMID- 6838424
TI  - Conjunctival eosinophils in compound 48/80 rabbit model.
AB  - Compound 48/80 (N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine formaldehyde condensation
      product) was used to selectively degranulate mast cells to induce conjunctival
      eosinophilia in 12 rabbits. Biopsy specimens of bulbar conjunctiva showed that
      eosinophils were present in all treated eyes. With repeated treatments the number
      of eosinophils increased; these cells were concentrated in the subepithelial and
      epithelial zones by day 3. Eosinophils were not found on scrapings of the bulbar
      conjunctiva in 75% of the rabbits that received single or multiple treatments. We
      conclude that deep and superficial eosinophil infiltration may be present even
      when eosinophils are not seen on conjunctival scrapings. Therefore, the absence
      of eosinophils in scrapings should not rule out the diagnosis of ocular allergy.

PMID- 6838426
TI  - Effect of epinephrine on PO2 in anterior chamber.
AB  - A polarographic oxygen electrode was inserted through the cornea into the middle
      of the anterior chamber, and the aqueous humor PO2 was continuously monitored.
      Epinephrine hydrochloride applied topically to the cornea (1% Epifrin: 0.05 to
      0.1 mL) or injected into the anterior chamber (Adrenalin Chloride: 1 mg/mL, 0.05
      mL) caused a marked decrease in the anterior chamber PO2. This drop in anterior
      chamber PO2 was not simply due to mydriasis, since atropine sulfate administered
      in a similar fashion did not cause a notable drop in anterior chamber PO2, and
      epinephrine applied to eyes with the pupils previously dilated with atropine
      still caused the typical drop in anterior chamber PO2. The hypoxic effects of
      epinephrine were reversed by injection of an alpha-adrenergic blocker,
      phentolamine mesylate (5 mg/mL, 0.05 mL), into the anterior chamber.

PMID- 6838425
TI  - Quantitation of tear lysozyme levels in dry-eye disorders.
AB  - A simple, rapid, reproducible method of quantifying tear lysozyme levels with a
      dual-channel spectrophotometer was used to compare normal subjects and those with
      dry-eye syndrome. The method was sensitive (80%) and specific (85%) and had a
      predictive value of a positive result of 83%. One patient with clinical
      manifestations of dry-eye syndrome and paradoxically elevated levels of tear
      lysozyme was found to have underlying sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6838427
TI  - Split-frame stereoscopy. A new projection system.
AB  - The viewing of projected stereo-slides can be achieved by either prismatic or
      polarized modalities. Two new projection lenses were designed for polarized split
      frame stereoscopy. These lenses fit any of the commonly available (35 mm)
      projectors.

PMID- 6838428
TI  - Pretreatment metastases in patients with ocular melanomas.

PMID- 6838429
TI  - Acute conjunctivitis.

PMID- 6838430
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of arteriosclerosis. Comparison of methods.

PMID- 6838431
TI  - Hyperlipidemia in the Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company Health Survey.
      Part 1. Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.
AB  - Lipoprotein triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and characteristics are
      described in normolipidemic and in three categories of hyperlipidemic subjects
      participating in the Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company Health Survey. For
      this study, 350 white participants 20 to 59 years of age with cholesterol or
      triglyceride values exceeding the age, sex, and hormone-use specific, population
      based 90th percentile values were defined as having hypercholesterolemia,
      hypertriglyceridemia, or combined hyperlipidemia; 722 participants were
      classified as normolipidemic. In hypercholesterolemia, very low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol
      concentrations were higher than in normolipidemia. In hypertriglyceridemia, high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in men and women not
      using sex hormones and low density lipoprotein triglyceride was significantly
      higher in men and women using hormones compared to normolipidemia. In combined
      hyperlipidemia, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were lower
      than in normolipidemia, but higher than in pure hypertriglyceridemia. The
      presence of beta migrating very low density lipoprotein and chylomicrons was seen
      primarily in hypertriglyceridemic or combined hyperlipidemic men. Sinking prebeta
      lipoprotein was equally common (20%) among all normolipidemic and
      hypercholesterolemic subjects, but was less common (5% to 10%) in
      hypertriglyceridemic and combined hyperlipidemic men and female hormone users.
      Quantitative and qualitative lipoprotein abnormalities associated with
      hyperlipidemia were found to vary by gender and by sex hormone use in women and
      were often, but not always, more marked in men.

PMID- 6838432
TI  - Racial differences in platelet survival time in patients with symptomatic
      coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - Platelet survival times were studied in 40 patients (21 white and 19 black) with
      coronary artery disease and stable effort induced angina pectoris. The platelet
      survival times of 19 white controls (9.27 +/- 0.49 days; mean +/- SD) were not
      significantly different from those of 12 black controls (8.88 +/- 0.81 days), and
      the platelet survival times for 21 white patients with coronary artery disease
      (8.46 +/- 0.65 days) were lower than the times for both the white controls (p
      less than 0.01) and the combined control group (p less than 0.01). However, the
      difference between the mean platelet survival times of 19 black patients (9.22 +/
      0.68) and the control groups was not significant, and the difference between the
      mean platelet survival times of the 21 white patients and the 19 black patients
      was significant (p less than 0.01). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis
      indicated that race was the most significant factor in predicting shortened
      platelet survival (r = 0.4783; p less than 0.01). It is concluded that racial
      background should be considered in the interpretation of platelet studies and
      that reported racial differences in the rate and extent of atherosclerotic
      lesions may be related to racial differences in platelet consumption.

PMID- 6838433
TI  - Enhanced macrophage degradation of biologically modified low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) conditioned by incubation in the presence of rabbit
      aortic or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (endothelial cell-modified LDL)
      was degraded by macrophages three to five times more rapidly than LDL incubated
      in the absence of cells (control LDL). This enhanced degradation occurred mostly
      via a high affinity, saturable pathway related to the pathway for macrophage
      uptake of acetylated LDL. Conditioning LDL with cultured aortic smooth muscle
      cells had a qualitatively similar but smaller effect; conditioning with
      fibroblasts had no effect. Conditioning very low density lipoproteins or high
      density lipoproteins with endothelial cells did not affect subsequent metabolism
      of these lipoproteins by macrophages. Endothelial cell-modified LDL, while
      degraded more rapidly than control LDL by macrophages, was degraded more slowly
      by cultured smooth muscle cells and by human skin fibroblasts. Degradation of
      endothelial cell-modified LDL by macrophages was accompanied by stimulation of
      cholesterol esterification, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and a net
      increment in total cellular cholesterol content. Thus, a biologically generated
      modification of LDL is described that markedly alters cholesterol metabolism of
      macrophages and, consequently, may play a role in foam cell formation during
      atherogenesis.

PMID- 6838435
TI  - Effect of zeranol implantation on bodyweight changes in zebu crossbred cattle
      grazing tropical pasture.

PMID- 6838436
TI  - The economics of cattle tick control in dry tropical Australia.
AB  - The economics of strategic dipping compared to nil treatment of cattle ticks
      (Boophilus microplus) on Droughtmaster cattle was assessed using a partial budget
      analysis. The analysis was based on reported experimental data which showed a
      bodyweight gain advantage from strategic dipping of 45 kg/head for growing cattle
      and 35 kg/head for breeding cows. Costs of dipping were calculated using 3
      acaricide costs, that is 5.9, 20.9 and 62.7 per head and allowances were made for
      mustering, maintenance of facilities and annual cost of asset purchase under an
      intensive farm management system similar to the reported experimental conditions.
      The net gain of benefits over costs per annum for each acaricide cost was $927,
      $810 and $483 per 100 breeders and their progeny. Breakeven beef prices at which
      it was worth dipping were found to be 61, 69 and 94 per kg dressed weight
      depending on the cost of acaricide used for dipping. All prices and costs are
      expressed in 1981 dollars of purchasing power.

PMID- 6838434
TI  - Increased low density lipoprotein production associated with obesity.
AB  - Turnover rates of the apolipoprotein of low density lipoproteins (apoLDL) and
      cholesterol balance were determined in six obese men and six control men. The two
      groups were of similar age and matched for apoLDL concentrations. Levels of
      plasma total cholesterol in obese patients (209 +/- 14 SEM mg/dl) were similar to
      controls (225 +/- 17 mg/dl). LDL-cholesterol was numerically but not
      statistically lower in obese subjects (111 +/- 18 mg/dl) compared to controls
      (145 +/- 13 mg/dl). Synthetic rates of apoLDL in contrast were higher in obese
      patients (1450 mg/day) than in controls (934 mg/day) (p less than 0.002). Three
      factors could explain the similar concentrations of LDL-cholesterol in obese and
      control subjects, despite overproduction of apoLDL in the obese. First, LDL was
      diluted into a larger plasma pool in obese patients; second, fractional catabolic
      rates of apoLDL were somewhat greater in obese men than in controls; and third,
      obese patients had higher ratios of protein-to-cholesterol in LDL. The production
      of apoLDL for all patients was not correlated with total body synthesis of
      cholesterol. The major finding of this study was that obese patients have
      increased turnover of apoLDL, not necessarily reflected by high concentrations of
      LDL-cholesterol. This high turnover rate itself may raise the risk for coronary
      heart disease in obese patients.

PMID- 6838438
TI  - Dactylomegaly, a type of club foot (talipes) in a herd of Shorthorn cattle.

PMID- 6838437
TI  - Differentiation of meat according to species by the electrophoretic separation of
      muscle lactate dehydrogenase and esterase isoenzymes and isoelectric focusing of
      soluble muscle proteins.
AB  - Species identification of fresh meat can be readily achieved by serological
      techniques with the limitation that closely related species, such as sheep/goat,
      cattle/buffalo and horse/donkey, cannot be differentiated. We have examined
      electrophoretic techniques with particular reference to the identification of
      meat from closely related species. The results showed that beef and buffalo meat
      and meat from red and grey kangaroos could be clearly distinguished by
      isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel or agarose in the pH range 5.5 to 8.5.
      Sheep and goat meat, and horse and donkey meat could not be differentiated by
      this technique, but were clearly distinguished from each other by their esterase
      isoenzyme profiles obtained after electrophoretic separation on cellulosic
      membrane strips. Results from this latter technique were available in one hour.
      We believe that species identification of fresh meat should involve an initial
      screening test by serological techniques followed by confirmation of the identity
      of suspect samples by electrophoretic techniques.

PMID- 6838439
TI  - The efficacy of some acaricides against screw-worm fly larvae.
AB  - Thirteen acaricides used for control of cattle tick in Queensland were evaluated
      for their potential in the chemical control of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya
      bezziana. Laboratory evaluations and in vivo tests using artificially infested
      cattle were made in Papua New Guinea. Most of the acaricides caused some
      mortality of screw-worm larvae in infested cattle and in laboratory tests.
      Acaricides of the organophosphorous, carbamate and organophosphorous/synthetic
      pyrethroid groups showed reasonable activity against screw-worm fly, but the
      amidines were less effective.

PMID- 6838440
TI  - Filaroides hirthi in dogs.

PMID- 6838441
TI  - Toxoplasmosis in wild Tasmanian wallabies.

PMID- 6838442
TI  - Some observations on cultural and transport conditions for Tritrichomonas foetus
      var. brisbane.

PMID- 6838443
TI  - Haemophilia A in a 3-year-old thoroughbred horse.

PMID- 6838444
TI  - Sand impaction of the bile ducts of a sheep.

PMID- 6838445
TI  - The effects of various gases on cortical and spinal somatosensory evoked
      potentials at pressures up to 10 bar.
AB  - The development of dog electrophysiological models for studying the treatment of
      cerebral arterial air embolism and spinal cord decompression sickness, required
      that the effects of the treatment gases on spinal and cortical somatosensory
      evoked potentials (SEP and CEP) be known. We found an inverse linear relationship
      between CEP amplitude and air pressure to 230 ft. An asymptote was approached
      when pressure was increased to 300 ft. This effect was not seen with 20% oxy
      helium. The waves representing local cord events were depressed to a lesser
      extent than were the CEPs. We were able to detect an equilibration time in the EP
      suppression comparable to estimated inert gas wash-in time for the brain. A small
      depression of CEPs that did not reach significance was seen with exposure to 2.8
      bar of oxygen and continuous exposure for up to 120 min caused no further
      diminution in amplitude than would be caused by time alone.

PMID- 6838446
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on the luminance threshold for target detection.
AB  - A technique is described--for determining luminance thresholds for detection of
      realistic target objects--which is suitable for use in simulators and
      environmental chambers. Data obtained by this technique during a 10-d exposure to
      high altitude indicate impairments of target detection in direct relation to
      target viewing distance, absolute target size, and length of hypoxia exposure. In
      general, impairments reached their maximum during the second day of exposure and
      recovered gradually thereafter. Wide differences among individual observers were
      noted. Implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 6838447
TI  - Ocular functions and incidence of acute mountain sickness in women at altitude.
AB  - The effects of altitude on a series of ocular functions were studied on seven
      expedition members, all women aged 23-53 years, during the first ascent of the
      6798-m peak Brigupanth in the Indian Himalayas. The only consistent change was a
      decrease in convergence amplitude. The amplitude of accommodation remained stable
      among the younger climbers, but decreased markedly among the older ones as higher
      altitudes were reached. There also appeared to be a lessened vascular reactivity
      to the hypoxia of altitude in the older members. Stereoscopic vision was
      unimpaired at all altitudes tested and extra-ocular muscle balance remained
      unaffected in all but two members who had an increase in their baseline phorias.
      Two of the summit climbers developed retinal hemorrhages. There was an average
      weight loss of 5.4 kg during the climb, but general health was good. Symptoms of
      acute mountain sickness were noted infrequently, and there were only moderate
      changes in the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 6838448
TI  - Evidence of genetic differences in acute hypoxia survival.
AB  - In a population of Japanese quail, a genetic selection was performed leading to
      two strains--one resistant and one susceptible to an acute hypoxic nitrogen
      challenge as well as to an acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Crossing these two
      strains gives an F1 hybrid whose survival to acute hypoxia appears to be very
      close to the susceptible strain. The difference in acute hypoxic survival already
      appears in embryos at the age of 12 d. Susceptibility to acute hypoxia seems to
      be a dominant character.

PMID- 6838449
TI  - Effects of travel across time zones (jet-lag) on exercise capacity and
      performance.
AB  - Eighty-one healthy male soldiers, aged 18-34, were studied for 5 d before and 5 d
      after an eastward deployment across six time zones to determine the effects of
      translocation on exercise capacity and performance. Fatigue, weakness, headache,
      sleepiness, irritability, and other commonly reported symptoms occurred in the
      majority of subjects. Most, but not all, of the symptoms were diminished or
      absent by the fifth day following the translocation. Cardiorespiratory function
      and perception of effort during both submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise
      were unaffected. Isometric strength of the upper torso, legs, and trunk extensor
      muscles also was not changed. Dynamic strength and endurance of elbow flexors
      declined significantly. Dynamic knee extensor strength and endurance scores
      exhibited a progressive decrement prior to translocation and were inconsistent
      suggesting that the stress of repetitive testing outweighed any jet-lag effects
      on performance capacity. Performance times for a 270 m sprint were increased for
      the first 4 d following translocation as were times for a 2.8 km run on the
      second and third days and for a 110 m lift and carry on the third day after
      deployment. Times for a 6.5 m rope climb did not change. These findings indicate
      that certain symptoms and physiological capacities are affected as a result of
      multiple time zone translocation. However, the specific mechanisms involved, the
      factors influencing the magnitude of any physiological alterations, and the
      ultimate impact of these capacity changes on actual physical performance remain
      to be clarified.

PMID- 6838451
TI  - Development of performance evaluation tests for environmental research (PETER):
      navigation plotting.
AB  - A navigation plotting task, modeled after actual shipboard navigation and
      plotting practices, was evaluated for inclusion in the Performance Evaluation
      Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) task battery. The differential stability
      of the 9-min self-paced task was examined independently in the laboratory and
      during a field study conducted at sea aboard three seagoing vessels. Repeated
      testing in both laboratory and field conditions showed that the percent correct
      metric was not reliable. After 10-15 practice trials, the total completion and
      total correct scores were found to meet minimum statistical stability and
      reliability criteria. Inclusion of the Navigation Plotting task in the PETER test
      battery is recommended given the task's direct operational validity, its
      demonstrated sensitivity to vessel motion and motion sickness, and the degree of
      statistical stability and reliability found with the total completion and total
      correct metrics.

PMID- 6838450
TI  - Response of age forty and over military personnel to an unsupervised, self
      administered aerobic training program.
AB  - The Army recently extended mandatory physical training and testing to include
      personnel 40 yrs of age and older. The purpose of this study was to describe the
      profile of aerobic fitness in a representative group from this age population and
      to evaluate the response of such a group to a self-administered, unsupervised
      training program. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) and percent body fat (%BF) were
      assessed in 260 military personnel (40-53 yrs of age) before and after 6 mo of
      physical training consisting of a progressive walk/run mode of exercise. Before
      training the mean +/- S.D. for Vo2 max and %BF for all subjects was 38.1 +/- 6.2
      ml/kg . min and 26.1 +/- 4.7%, respectively. Subjects were divided into three
      groups based upon their initial level of physical activity determined by
      interview as follows: inactive, moderately active and active. Upon retesting
      after 6 mo, 40% of the inactive group had not participated to any appreciable
      degree in the program and subjects of this group who did participate showed only
      a slight and insignificant increase (4.4%) in Vo2 max. The pretraining level of
      Vo2 max for the total population studied was similar to that reported in other
      studies on comparably aged subjects. However, changes with training were well
      below those seen with supervised group programs of 6 mo duration.

PMID- 6838452
TI  - Pleurodesis: the results of treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax in the Royal
      Air Force.

PMID- 6838453
TI  - Sudden incapacitation: USAF experience, 1970-80.
AB  - During the period 1970-80, there were reported 146 cases of in-flight sudden
      incapacitation in the USAF. Of these, 62 involved pilots, 14 were navigators, and
      70 were student pilots. The etiologies of sudden incapacitation included illness
      without loss of consciousness, loss of consciousness, spatial disorientation, and
      improper M-1 maneuver. Each of these categories is analyzed with emphasis upon
      prevention, for example, not flying with symptomatic preexisting disease,
      continued emphasis upon spatial disorientation training, and correct performance
      of the M-1 maneuver. Based upon the data, conclusions and recommendations are
      suggested to minimize the risk of episodes of in-flight sudden incapacitation.

PMID- 6838454
TI  - Aircraft accident survivors as witnesses.
AB  - This is a study of the reliability of aircrash survivors as witnesses. Some of
      their statements are compared to known facts at the time of the crash, including
      the time of the accident and the weather conditions. Other facts are compared
      between the survivors, such as the mood of the passengers immediately post-crash.
      The KLM-Pan Am accident in the Canary Islands is used as the study accident. A
      suggestion for future use of survivors' statements is tendered.

PMID- 6838455
TI  - Some ideas about preventive medicine and health promotion in aviation medicine.

PMID- 6838456
TI  - Using the triple test cross to investigate the genetics of behavior in wild
      populations. II. Escape-avoidance conditioning in Rattus norvegicus.

PMID- 6838457
TI  - The genetics of alcohol preference in the female rat confirmed by a full triple
      test cross.

PMID- 6838458
TI  - More on the heritability of alcohol preference in laboratory mice and rats.

PMID- 6838459
TI  - Pupation site selection in Drosophila simulans.

PMID- 6838461
TI  - Enzyme polymorphism associated with habitat choice in the intertidal snail Tegula
      funebralis.

PMID- 6838463
TI  - Open-field behavior in the Maudsley reactive and nonreactive strains: procedural
      variations.

PMID- 6838462
TI  - Genetic analysis of sensitivity to ethanol-induced depression of motor activity
      and impairment of swimming in rats.

PMID- 6838464
TI  - Generational differences in spouse similarity in educational attainment.

PMID- 6838460
TI  - Genetics and personality temperament: simplicity or complexity?

PMID- 6838465
TI  - Parent-offspring resemblance and parental education.

PMID- 6838466
TI  - A comparison of social-skills training, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for
      depression.

PMID- 6838467
TI  - Compliance with a behavioural weight-loss programme: target setting and locus of
      control.

PMID- 6838468
TI  - Training visual efficiency in myopic persons.

PMID- 6838469
TI  - Therapeutic Contract Program: preliminary report on a behavioral alternative to
      the token economy.

PMID- 6838470
TI  - Exposure and fear-reduction.

PMID- 6838471
TI  - Relationship factors in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 6838472
TI  - Vicarious and operant experiences in the etiology of illness behavior: a
      replication with healthy individuals.

PMID- 6838473
TI  - Specificity of learning in Reality-Orientation sessions: a single-case study.

PMID- 6838474
TI  - Problems with stimulus/response equivalence and reactivity in the assessment and
      treatment of obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

PMID- 6838476
TI  - Induced mutagenesis. Molecular mechanisms and their implications for
      environmental protection.

PMID- 6838475
TI  - Assessment of social anxiety: a controlled comparison among social phobics,
      obsessive-compulsives, agoraphobics, sexual disorders and simple phobics.

PMID- 6838477
TI  - The use of DNA-repair-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells in
      studying mutagenesis mechanisms and testing for environmental mutagens.
AB  - Our laboratory has taken a somatic-cell-genetics approach to the study of
      mutagenesis by utilizing mutant strains of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that
      are deficient in DNA repair processes. From more than 150 UV-sensitive strains
      tested, five complementation classes were identified, and representative mutants
      were found to be defective at, or before, the incision step of excision repair. A
      representative mutant, strain UV-5, was compared with the parental strain in
      terms of cytotoxicity and dose-response curves for mutation induction after
      treatment with UV and several chemicals that are known to produce large adducts
      in DNA. Excision repair in normal CHO cells protects against both cytotoxicity
      and mutagenesis, but the degree of protection depends on both the agent and the
      genetic marker used for detecting mutations. Upon treatment with low doses (100%
      cell survival) of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene,
      repair-deficient UV-5 cells had linear responses for mutation induction to
      thioguanine resistance or azaadenine resistance, whereas the normal repair
      proficient cells showed curvilinear responses in which the slope increased with
      dose. This behavior suggests that in the normal cells the repair system acting on
      potentially mutagenic lesions becomes saturated at doses that produce
      cytotoxicity. In no instance was a lower mutation frequency induced in UV-5 cells
      than the parental cells, at a given dose of mutagen, suggesting that the excision
      repair system is error-free in normal CHO cells.

PMID- 6838478
TI  - Variation in response to mutagens amongst normal and repair-defective human
      cells.

PMID- 6838479
TI  - Relationship between excision repair and the cytotoxic and mutagenic action of
      chemicals and UV radiation.

PMID- 6838480
TI  - Analysis of chemically induced mutation in single cell populations.

PMID- 6838481
TI  - Adaptability of microbial mutagenicity assays to the study of problem of
      environmental concern.

PMID- 6838482
TI  - Variation in corn (Zea mays L.) for fatty acid compositions of triglycerides and
      phospholipids.
AB  - The percentage of linoleic acid in corn germ oil of three crosses, C103D x B73,
      C103D x B84, and T220 x H51, and their reciprocals was investigated. Corn germ
      oil from F2, F3, and backcrossed generations was also examined. More than one
      gene locus appeared to be involved in conditioning the linoleic acid content in
      these crosses. Strong maternal effects were exhibited in the F1's. Genotype also
      superimposed variations in fatty acid compositions within the characteristic
      lipid class patterns of the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Fatty acid placements in
      triglycerides, digalactosyldiglycerides, and phospholipids of one inbred, H51,
      were determined by lipase and phospholipase hydrolysis. The overall pattern of
      placement showed that the fatty acids at the 1 position were predominantly
      saturated saturated and those at the 2 position were predominantly unsaturated,
      but the fatty acid distribution was different for each individual lipid class.
      The molecular species of the phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines
      were separated by silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography. The major differences
      in the molecular species were a higher level of the dienoic-dienoic species and a
      lower level of the monoenoic-monoenoic species in the phosphatidylethanolamines
      than in the phosphatidylcholines.

PMID- 6838483
TI  - 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity variants in Musca domestica L.: A
      further allele at the Pgd locus as proved by densitometric assay.
AB  - A new electrophoretic variant of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) has been
      detected in flies of a laboratory Musca domestica strain. This variant is to be
      added to the two already described, PGD-A and PGD-B, identified by a fast-weak
      and a slow-thick electrophoretic band, respectively. The new variant, PGD-C, has
      the same mobility as PGD-A but provides a more intensely stained band; therefore
      it can be described as a fast-thick phenotype. The staining intensity of PGD-C is
      slightly lower than that of PGD-B. Genetic and densitometric tests have shown
      that the different levels of enzymatic activity of the two fast variants A and C
      are inherited as alternative genetic units, and they have been interpreted as one
      aspect of the phenotypic expression of two Pgd alleles, namely, PgdA and PgdC.
      These alleles determine both the rates of electrophoretic mobility (fast in both
      cases) and the levels of activity (low for A, strong for C; shown by weak or
      thick stained electrophoretic bands). Similarly, the two distinctive features of
      PGD-B, namely, slow mobility and high activity level, are always jointly
      inherited and appear as two pleiotropic aspects of the phenotype coded for by the
      PgdB allele. The PgdB/PgdC heterozygous flies provide a slightly asymmetrical
      three-banded zymogram, while the PgdA/PgdC combination leads to a single-banded
      pattern, showing the same mobility as the parents and an intermediate staining
      intensity. The quantitative analysis of enzyme activity of 6PGD zymograms,
      performed through densitometric methods, has led to the recognition of three
      different activity levels coded for by Pgd alleles, one of which, namely, PgdC,
      would not have been detected using electrophoretic methods alone.

PMID- 6838484
TI  - Electrophoretic characterization and genetics of human biliverdin reductase
      (BLVR; EC 1.3.1.24); assignment of BLVR to the p14 leads to cen region of human
      chromosome 7 in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - A simple chromogenic staining procedure is described for the specific
      identification of biliverdin reductase (BLVR) after gel electrophoresis. Using
      this procedure a gene for BLVR was assigned to the p14 leads to cen region of
      human chromosome 7 in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Incidentally, the study
      indicated that the NADH-as well as the NADPH-dependent BLVR activities are due to
      one and the same enzyme and that, most probably, only one gene in the human
      genome codes for BLVR and the BLVR is a monomer in its functional configuration.

PMID- 6838485
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the active site of human pseudocholinesterase.
AB  - The usual E1u and atypical E1a human pseudocholinesterases (acylcholine
      acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) were purified to homogeneity. The active-site serine
      residue was conjugated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate and digested with
      trypsin. The tryptic peptide containing the active site was isolated by gel
      filtration followed by two-dimensional paper chromatography and electrophoresis.
      The amino acid sequence of the active site peptide obtained from the usual E1u
      enzyme was found to be Gly-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ser-Ala-Val-Ser-Leu. A remarkable
      structural homology exists between the human and the horse enzymes in their
      active sites. From the difference in electrophoretic mobility of the active-site
      peptides obtained from the usual and atypical enzymes, the probable structure of
      the atypical human enzyme was deduced as Gly-His-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ser-Ala-Val-Ser
      Leu.

PMID- 6838486
TI  - Studies on genetic variation in major urinary protein synthesis in mouse liver.
AB  - A two- to fourfold difference in the relative rate of total major urinary protein
      (MUP) synthesis between C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ female mice has been analyzed at the
      genetic and molecular levels. The C57BL/6J phenotype is dominant in F1 female
      progeny of a cross between the two strains. Quantitation of MUP mRNA levels
      indicates that the rate of synthesis variation does not reflect a change in the
      concentration of total MUP mRNA. In recombinant inbred strains derived from
      C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ progenitors, the rate of synthesis difference segregates as
      a single genetic determinant that is not linked to the Mup-a locus on chromosome
      4. The results suggest an unlinked locus that acts to alter total MUP synthesis
      without altering total MUP mRNA levels. Two models are proposed to describe the
      action of this locus, both of which imply some sort of posttranscriptional
      control of MUP synthesis.

PMID- 6838487
TI  - Polymorphism of the sixth component of complement (C6) in the dog.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing was used to identify five alleles at the locus determining
      the production of the sixth component of complement (C6) in the dog. Four of
      these alleles, C6(1), C6(2), C6(4), and C6(5), were studied in family pedigrees
      and shown to be inherited in a codominant autosomal fashion. All alleles except
      for C6(4) occurred commonly in the multiple breeds tested.

PMID- 6838489
TI  - X-linked and autosomal inheritance patterns of homologous genes in two species of
      Tribolium.
AB  - The tenebrionid beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum are representative of
      two distinct species groups within their genus. It has been suggested [Smith,
      S.G. (1952). J. Morphol. 91:325] that the 8AA + neo-XY karyotype of T. confusum
      was derived from the ancestral 9AA + XY formula, still present in T. castaneum,
      via the fusion of one pair of autosomes with the X and Y chromosomes during the
      early divergence of the confusum and castaneum species groups. In the present
      paper, electrophoretic variation in malic enzyme and hexokinase-1, detected in
      laboratory strains in Tribolium, is described. Evidence is presented that the
      genes encoding variation in both enzymes are autosomal in T. castaneum but are X
      linked in T. confusum. These species-specific patterns of inheritance of
      homologous gene loci are consistent with the hypothesized karyotypic history of
      the genus.

PMID- 6838488
TI  - An electrophoretic variant of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in rat and its
      application in detecting somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 6838491
TI  - Esterase-17 (ES-17): characterization and genetic location on chromosome 9 of a
      bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate-resistant esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus).
AB  - Genetic variation of a new codominantly inherited esterase, designated ES-17, has
      been discovered in the house mouse using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide
      gels. The ES-17 A phenotype (three bands; isoelectric points, between pH 5.55 and
      pH 5.90) was found in C57BL/10Sn. LP/J possessed the Es-17B phenotype (three
      bands; isoelectric points, pH 5.05-5.55). ES-17 was present in all tissues
      examined, except for hemolysate and serum, and was most clearly expressed in the
      small intestine. Because of its reaction toward various substrates and
      inhibitors, ES-17 has tentatively been classified as acetyl esterase (EC
      3.1.1.6). ES-17 was shown to be controlled by the structural locus Es-17, located
      on chromosome 9. From test-cross data, a gene order of Es-17-8.7 +/- 2.5 map
      units-Mpi-1-10.2 +/- 2.7 map units-Mod-1 was established.

PMID- 6838490
TI  - Duplication of the hemoglobin alpha-chain gene in sheep: characterization of a
      new alpha-chain variant present in animals possessing the alpha Leu and the II
      alpha His chains.
AB  - The structural characterization of a third type of alpha chain, detected in the
      hemoglobin of sheep also possessing the alpha Leu and the II alpha His chains, is
      reported. The new alpha-chain variant is an allele of the common alpha Leu chain
      controlled by the 1 alpha locus and differs from it in the replacement of the
      serine residue at position 8 with an alanine (I alpha 8 Ser leads to Ala). The
      alanine variant was observed in 38 of 206 sheep, whose hemolysates were analyzed
      by isoelectric focusing, and was found exclusively among the 57 animals also
      possessing the II alpha His chain.

PMID- 6838492
TI  - The genetics of the sixth and seventh components of complement in the dog:
      polymorphism, linkage, locus duplication, and silent alleles.
AB  - The complement components C6 and C7 exhibit genetic polymorphism in the domestic
      dog. In the case of C6, there is a single locus with a null allele and two
      structural alleles; in the case of C7, there are two linked loci, each with three
      structural alleles. There is a null allele or locus deletion at one of these
      loci. In all cases, inheritance is autosomal and codominant. The C7 loci are
      closely linked to each other and to C6. This complex is not close to the dog
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus.

PMID- 6838493
TI  - Immunological comparison of the usual and atypical human serum cholinesterase
      phenotypes.
AB  - Antiserum prepared against highly purified usual human serum cholinesterase (the
      most common phenotype) cross-reacted identically with the atypical serum
      cholinesterase. The level of circulating atypical enzyme protein, determined
      immunologically, was about 30% lower when the enzyme came from an atypical rather
      than a usual phenotype, and the level of enzyme activity measured enzymatically
      at Vmax with either o-nitrophenylbutyrate or benzoylcholine as substrate showed
      approximately the same degree of reduction. The average specific activity
      (activity at Vmax per microgram of enzyme protein) in sera from 28 usual and 20
      atypical individuals did not differ significantly. These findings suggest that
      the atypical enzyme not only has altered catalytic properties (Km) but also might
      be synthesized more slowly, or cleared in vivo more rapidly, than the usual
      enzyme.

PMID- 6838494
TI  - Human neutrophil N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: heparin inhibition.
AB  - To determine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) in human neutrophil
      granules separated by a method requiring heparin, the inhibition of this enzyme
      by heparin was studied. Neutrophils were purified from blood of five donors by
      modifications of the Hypaque-Ficoll and dextran separation methods resulting in a
      suspension which was 96% neutrophils. Neutrophil lysates were assayed for N
      acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase by measuring the amount of p-nitrophenol released
      from p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. The reaction showed first-order
      kinetics with regard to enzyme concentration. Triton X-100, 0.1% v/v, enhanced
      enzyme activity. Heparin was shown to reduce neutrophil lysate N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase to a specific activity of 46% at a heparin concentration of 2
      units per assay and to 43% (maximal inhibition) at 17 and 50 units of heparin per
      assay. Substantially higher heparin concentrations partially restored the
      inhibited activity, the maximal restoration being a return to 80% of the original
      activity at 1700 units of heparin per assay. Protamine sulfate was assessed for
      its ability to restore N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in the presence
      of heparin. At 1.0 mg/10 units of heparin, protamine restores enzyme activity to
      its heparin-free activity. These studies of human neutrophil N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase demonstrate: (1) specific enzyme activity is 28.8 +/- 7.0 nmole p
      nitrophenol released per minute per milligram of protein or 1.7 +/- 0.5 nmole p
      nitrophenol released per minute per 10(6) neutrophils; (2) heparin rapidly but
      finitely inhibits enzyme activity at very low concentrations and paradoxically
      restores it toward normal at high concentrations; and (3) protamine sulfate
      restores enzyme activity inhibited by heparin.

PMID- 6838495
TI  - Hydroxypyruvate-mediated regulation of oxalate synthesis by lactate dehydrogenase
      and its relevance to primary hyperoxaluria type II.
AB  - Hydroxypyruvate (HP) brought about the decarboxylation of [1-14C] glyoxylate
      nonenzymically at all pH values considered. The rate of decomposition of
      glyoxylate increased with each increase in the concentrations of the reactants,
      the pH, and temperature and on the addition of the cations Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+,
      Zn2+, Co2+, and Cu2+. The addition of HP to a purified preparation of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzing the oxidation of [1-14C]glyoxylate to [14C]oxalate
      in the presence of either NAD or NADH inhibited the production of oxalate. These
      observations have their implications in L-glyceric aciduria (primary
      hyperoxaluria type II), a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of HP and
      recurrent oxalosis. They suggest that the accumulating HP may reduce the
      contribution of intracellular glyoxylate to the formation of oxalate by
      competitively inhibiting the liver LDH. The involvement of liver LDH in oxalate
      synthesis and its postulated induction by HP and NAD in vivo are, therefore,
      reexamined.

PMID- 6838496
TI  - Hyperoxaluria in L-glyceric aciduria: possible nonenzymic mechanism.
AB  - Hydroxypyruvate inhibited the oxidation of [1-14C]glyoxylate to [14C] oxalate
      whether catalyzed by a purified preparation of glycolic acid oxidase from human
      liver, lactate dehydrogenase, a human liver extract, or a lobe of rat liver. It
      also brought about the nonenzymic decarboxylation of [1-14C]glyoxylate when it
      was present in the above assay systems. Radioactive isotope dilution and high
      performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the autooxidation of
      hydroxypyruvate to oxalate on standing in buffered solution at pH 7.4. In view of
      these observations, the current hypothesis of the role of lactate dehydrogenase
      in inducing hyperoxaluria in L-glyceric aciduria has been reexamined, and a
      possible nonenzymic mechanism by which oxalate may originate from hydroxypyruvate
      under such conditions has been proposed.

PMID- 6838498
TI  - Isatin: an inhibitor of sodium-dependent D-glucose uptake in rat intestine.

PMID- 6838497
TI  - An increase in high-molecular weight renin substrate associated with estrogenic
      hypertension.
AB  - We have previously reported that estrogens have the potential to induce new forms
      of renin substrate in addition to elevating the major circulating form of this
      protein. One of these estrogen-induced forms had a molecular weight in excess of
      150,000. In this study we have compared the plasma concentration of the high
      molecular-weight renin substrate in normotensive women receiving estrogen therapy
      and women with estrogenic hypertension. A statistically significant elevation of
      this protein was associated with estrogenic hypertension and normotensive
      pregnant women at term. This form of renin substrate differed from the major form
      with respect to electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point, and immunologic
      cross-reactivity. In addition, kinetic analysis indicated that this high
      molecular-weight substrate has a significantly higher affinity for the enzyme
      renin than the major circulating form (Km = 1800 +/- 290 versus 3520 +/- 260 ng
      angiotensin I equivalents/ml). These results suggest that in addition to renin
      substrate concentration, substrate composition may play an important role in
      blood pressure regulation.

PMID- 6838499
TI  - Pyruvate decarboxylating activity in extracts from pigeon liver acetone powder.
AB  - Extracts of pigeon liver acetone powder showed, by a radiochemical method,
      considerable pyruvate decarboxylating activity. The 10-30% saturated ammonium
      sulfate fraction of these extracts required the addition of CoA, NAD+, and TPP
      for maximum pyruvate decarboxylating activity and presumably contained the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). The activity in the 40-60% saturated
      ammonium sulfate fraction had no requirement for CoA and/or NAD+ but had an
      absolute requirement for TPP. In similar preparations obtained from fresh pigeon
      liver, the PDHC activity was found in the 0-30% saturated ammonium sulfate
      fraction and only a small amount of pyruvate decarboxylating activity
      (independent of CoA and NAD+) was found in the 40-60% saturated ammonium sulfate
      fraction. The pyruvate decarboxylating activity which is found in the 40-60%
      saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of these extracts and has an absolute
      requirement for TPP, may represent pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1, EC 1.2.4.1),
      probably derived from PDHC by the acetone treatment at pH 7.8, or aging of the
      preparation.

PMID- 6838500
TI  - Carnitine content of skeletal and cardiac muscle from genetically diabetic
      (db/db) and control mice.
AB  - Portions of diaphragm and heart from genetically diabetic and control mice of
      three age groups were analyzed for free fatty acid, triglyceride, and carnitine
      content. Triglyceride levels were increased consistently in both cardiac and
      skeletal muscle from diabetic animals while the amount of free fatty acids was
      comparable to that measured in tissue from lean littermates. Free carnitine and
      total carnitine were decreased in diaphragm and heart from db/db mice throughout
      the course of the study. While the levels of short-chain carnitine were
      comparable in tissue from control and diabetic animals, the amount of the long
      chain derivative was elevated significantly in both diaphragm and heart in the 18
      week-old diabetic mice. The results are discussed with respect to (a) alterations
      in hepatic carnitine metabolism in this animal model reported previously by this
      laboratory, and (b) changes in carnitine metabolism which we observed in skeletal
      muscle from streptozotocin-diabetic animals.

PMID- 6838501
TI  - Lipid composition and cholesterol esterifying activity in microsomal preparations
      of porcine coronary arteries and heart tissue.
AB  - Lipid composition and cholesterol esterifying activity were determined in
      microsomal preparations from coronary arteries and heart tissues of swine. There
      was a higher concentration of free cholesterol in coronary arteries than in the
      heart, whereas phospholipid was more concentrated in the heart compared to the
      coronary arteries. Esterified cholesterol was a minor form of cholesterol in both
      tissues. Individual classes of microsomal lipids possessed characteristic fatty
      acid spectra and a number of differences were noted between coronary arteries and
      heart tissue. The portion of microsomal polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly
      linoleic acid, was notably higher in the cholesteryl ester, free fatty acid, and
      phospholipid fractions of heart tissue compared to the corresponding lipid
      fractions of the coronary arteries. Cholesterol esterifying activity, measured
      with 14C-labeled fatty acids, was fairly low in coronary arteries, but
      considerable activity was present in heart tissue. Oleic acid substrate
      esterified cholesterol most effectively, followed by linoleic and elaidic acid.
      Under the incubation conditions for cholesterol esterifying activity, however,
      the bulk of the fatty acid was actively incorporated into phospholipid rather
      than cholesteryl ester or triglyceride. Among the fatty acids tested, linoleic
      acid was the most preferential substrate for phospholipid synthesis and
      phospholipid synthesizing activity was much greater in heart tissue than in
      coronary arteries.

PMID- 6838502
TI  - Identification and properties of myocardial myoglobin as a binder of
      iodothyronines.
AB  - Gel filtration of dog myocardial cytosol previously incubated with [125I]T4 or
      [125I]T3 revealed hormone binding in three fractions, one of which, M-2, was
      presumptively identified as myoglobin by absorbance maximum, molecular weight and
      specific immunodiffusion. Gel chromatography of purified horse or dog myoglobins
      incubated with labeled T3 or T4 resulted in coelution of the myoglobin and
      iodothyronine peaks. Excess unlabeled thyroid hormone displaced no more than 25%
      of tracer bound to myoglobin. Acid-acetone fractionation of myoglobin into heme
      and globin, and subsequent precipitation of the heme, localized hormone binding
      to the heme moiety. Hematin (ferric state heme) in solution was also shown to
      bind thyroid hormone. Added to human sera which were then subjected to T3 or T4
      radioimmunoassay, myoglobin reduced detectable, endogenous iodothyronine by 77
      and 26%, respectively. The myoglobin effect was concentration dependent. Heart
      myoglobin, like hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, is a cytoplasmic heme protein
      responsible for a major fraction of binding of intracellular iodothyronine. The
      nature of the interaction between iodothyronines and the heme prosthetic group is
      unclear.

PMID- 6838503
TI  - Effect of exercise on protein degradation: 3-methylhistidine and creatinine
      excretion.
AB  - The effect of 1 hr of intensive exercise per day on protein breakdown was studied
      in a group of young male volunteers (20-25 years old) who were on a meat-free
      diet during the entire period of the study. Urinary 3-methylhistidine and
      creatinine were estimated as index of protein degradation. When studied over a
      period of 24 hr at different time points, the mean rates of 3-methylhistidine
      excretion were 2.4 and 2.9 nmole/min/kg for the day of exercise and nonexercise,
      respectively. Immediately following the exercise period, 3-methylhistidine and
      creatinine excretion rates decreased significantly.

PMID- 6838504
TI  - Effects of common radioiodination procedures on the binding of glycoproteins to
      immobilized lectins.
AB  - Representative glycoproteins including fetuin, protein A, ovalbumin, alpha 1 acid
      glycoprotein, and the major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus were
      labelled with 125I by the chloramine-T or Bolton-Hunter procedure and their
      binding to immobilized Con A or lentil lectin compared to untreated samples of
      each glycoprotein. Glycoprotein modification was no greater than one substituted
      residue per protein molecule. Yet the radioiodinated glycoproteins typically
      displayed only 0-50% of the lectin binding observed with untreated samples. These
      results indicate that lectin glycoprotein binding can be markedly altered by
      minor modifications in protein structure.

PMID- 6838505
TI  - Fast and slow chicken skeletal muscles contain different alpha and beta
      tropomyosins.
AB  - Avian tropomyosin has been purified from fast skeletal muscles (breast muscle and
      posterior latissimus dorsi : PLD) and from a slow skeletal muscle (anterior
      latissimus dorsi : ALD) and the alpha and beta subunits have been further
      separated using preparative gel electrophoresis. These subunits have been
      subjected to partial proteolysis using different proteolytic enzymes. In this
      communication we show that this procedure allows to distinguish not only between
      fast and slow alpha tropomyosin but also between fast and slow beta tropomyosin.
      Furthermore we have raised an antiserum against the fast alpha tropomyosin and we
      present evidence to show that this antiserum does not cross-react with the slow
      alpha tropomyosin. These results are taken to indicate that all these tropomyosin
      subunits represent different gene products.

PMID- 6838506
TI  - Ca2+ and pH induced fusion of small unilamellar vesicles consisting of
      phosphatidylethanolamine and negatively charged phospholipids: a freeze fracture
      study.
AB  - Fusion processes in small (sonicated) unilamellar vesicle (SUV) systems composed
      of 80 mol % unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and 20 mol % of
      phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin have
      been examined by freeze-fracture techniques. All these mixtures have the property
      that Ca2+ and, in some cases low pH, can trigger bilayer to hexagonal (HII) phase
      transitions in large multilamellar dispersions of these lipid mixtures. It is
      shown that when the SUV systems are subjected to similar protocols, the vesicles
      first fuse to form larger systems prior to HII phase formation and this fusion is
      accompanied by the appearance of lipidic particle structures, often localized to
      the fusion interface. We conclude that factors promoting HII phase structure
      initially result in fusion of unilamellar systems and that this fusion proceeds
      via intermediary formation of non-lamellar, possibly inverted micellar,
      structure.

PMID- 6838507
TI  - Structure and location of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the Fc region of
      A human immunoglobulin D.
AB  - Seven kinds of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were bound to the Fc region of
      a human immunoglobulin D(NIG-65). The oligosaccharides quantitatively released
      from four species of glycopeptides by digestion with almond glycopeptidase, were
      separated by Bio-Gel p-4 column chromatography and were purified further by thin
      layer chromatography. The sugars were identified with GC-MS following the
      permethylation of respective oligosaccharide. To Asn-68 (NIG-65 Fc numbering
      (1)), two kinds of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides were bonded. To Asn-159, a
      kind of hybride-type and two kinds of bisected complex-type oligosaccharides were
      attached. From Asn-210, four kinds of bisected complex-type oligosaccharides were
      isolated.

PMID- 6838508
TI  - Studies on isoprenoid biosynthesis with bacterial intact cells.
AB  - For the study on the regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis with intact cells,
      some strains of bacteria capable of growing on mevalonate as a sole carbon source
      were isolated from soil. Many of them incorporated [14C]-mevalonate,
      [14C]isopentenyl- and [14C]farnesyl pyrophosphates into the cells. However,
      radioactivity was found in their degradation products but not in isoprenoids.
      Addition of [14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate and Mg2+ ions
      in combination to the culture of a strain of Arthrobacter gave rise to 14C
      incorporation into isoprenoids. Radioactivity was found in polyprenol, its
      pyrophosphate, monophosphate and fatty acid esters. The reactions of isopentenyl-
      and farnesyl pyrophosphates syntheses seemed to be rate-limiting steps.

PMID- 6838509
TI  - Chitosans and pectic polysaccharides both induce the accumulation of the
      antifungal phytoalexin pisatin in pea pods and antinutrient proteinase inhibitors
      in tomato leaves.
AB  - The Proteinase Inhibitor Inducing Factor, PIIF, a pectic polysaccharide that
      induces synthesis and accumulation of proteinase inhibitor proteins in tomato and
      potato leaves, is an effective elicitor of the phytoalexin pisatin in pea pod
      tissues. The levels of pisatin induced by PIIF, and the time course of
      elicitation, are similar to those induced by chitosans, beta-1,4 glucosamine
      polymers, which are potent elicitors of pisatin in pea pods. Similarly, the
      chitosans, found in both insect and fungal cell walls, are the most potent
      inducers yet found of proteinase inhibitor accumulation in excised tomato
      cotyledons. The similarity in the induction of synthesis of proteinase inhibitors
      in tomato cotyledons and of pisatin in pea pods by pectic polysaccharides and
      chitosans suggests that the two polysaccharide types may be triggering a similar
      fundamental system present in pea and tomato plants that regulates the expression
      of genes for natural protection systems.

PMID- 6838510
TI  - Dexamethasone affects phosphatidylinositol synthesis and degradation in cultured
      human embryonic cells.
AB  - Dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid which induces cleft palate, causes marked
      alterations in the synthesis and degradation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) but not
      phosphatidylcholine in an established fibroblastic cell line derived from a human
      embryonic palate. Incorporation of radiolabeled inositol into
      phosphatidylinositol as well as degradation of prelabeled phosphatidylinositol is
      stimulated by DEX. The dose-response curves for the DEX-induced effect on PI
      synthesis and DEX-induced inhibition of cell proliferation are nearly identical,
      with the maximal responses occurring at 10(-8)M DEX. Our results suggest that DEX
      induced inhibition of human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cell proliferation and
      alterations in synthesis and degradation of phosphatidylinositol are related.

PMID- 6838511
TI  - The inhibition of chromatin solubilization by proteolytic inhibitors.

PMID- 6838512
TI  - Enzyme-induced aziridine formation by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The metabolic reaction of 2-chloroethylaminobenzoquinone derivatives with rat
      liver microsomes was studied. In buffer solution containing cellular
      macromolecules such as DNA or protein, 2-chloroethylaminobenzoquinones were
      usually stable and could be recovered quantitatively after an appropriate period
      of incubation. However, in microsomal solution, they were gradually converted
      into aziridinobenzoquinones via elimination of hydrogen chloride by NADPH
      dependent enzyme action. Based on the study of the enzymatic cyclization reaction
      of 4-chlorobutylaminonaphthoquinone, we concluded that the hydroquinone
      derivative is an important intermediate for aziridine formation.

PMID- 6838513
TI  - The inhibitory effect of some lectins on the differentiation of Friend
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Growth and differentiation of Friend cells can be inhibited by treatment with
      concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin. This inhibition is specific for cells
      that are in the early stages of the differentiation process (24-48 h after the
      addition of dimethyl sulfoxide) and is reversible upon treatment with the sugars
      competitive for these lectins. These results suggest a regulatory role for some
      plasma membrane-bound glycoproteins early in the differentiation of Friend
      erythroleukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide.

PMID- 6838514
TI  - Evidence for a cytosolic precursor of chick embryo liver mitochondrial delta
      aminolevulinate synthase.
AB  - Following the recent demonstration [Borthwick, I.A., Srivastava, G., Brooker,
      J.D., May, B.K. and Elliott, W.H. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. in press] that chick
      embryo liver mitochondrial delta-aminolevulinate synthase has a minimum molecular
      weight of 68,000 (rather than the hitherto accepted value of 49,000), we have
      shown that the primary translation product of delta-aminolevulinate synthase mRNA
      is a protein of molecular weight 74,000. This protein has for the first time been
      shown to occur in the cytosol fraction of drug-treated chick embryo livers. This
      form does not occur in mitochondria nor does the smaller mitochondrial form occur
      in the cytosol. It is concluded that the 74,000 molecular weight protein is a
      precursor which is processed during transport into the mitochondria. In vivo
      labelling experiments are consistent with this conclusion.

PMID- 6838515
TI  - Subcellular distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyrate binding sites in rat brain
      principal localization in the synaptosomal fraction.
AB  - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate binding sites, first described on crude membranes from rat
      brain, have been further studied on subcellular fractions. The nerve ending
      fraction (fraction C) exhibits the maximal capacity for GHB binding. The two
      classes of binding sites (high and low affinities) described for the crude
      membrane preparation are enriched in this synaptosomal fraction. This result is
      further evidence in favor of a role for GHB as a neurotransmitter or
      neuromodulator in rat brain.

PMID- 6838516
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase from spinach leaves.
AB  - Highly purified ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase from spinach leaves showed at least
      eight different protein bands in the electrofocused gel. All of them were
      catalytically active and were adsorbed on a ferredoxin-Sepharose 4B affinity
      column. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the main component species was
      analyzed by the automatic Edman degradation method. It was found that when the
      reductase was stored at 4 degrees C, new protein bands appeared in isoelectric
      focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses, but the
      appearance of the bands was suppressed by the addition of a protease inhibitor,
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate. This indicates that the molecular heterogeneity of
      the reductase may result from the digestion with a protease present in spinach
      leaves.

PMID- 6838517
TI  - Proton NMR spectroscopic studies of dipeptidase in human erythrocytes.
AB  - In studies on human erythrocyte metabolism in situ, high resolution (400 MHz) 1H
      spin-echo NMR spectroscopy was used to follow the time dependence of hydrolysis
      of glycylglycine and L-cysteinylglycine in intact cells and their lysates. The
      concentration dependence of the hydrolysis of L-cysteinylglycine was described by
      a rectangular hyperbola with Km, 3.5 +/- 0.6 mmol/l lysate and Vmax, 64.2 +/- 3.2
      mmol/l lysate/h. We demonstrated that glycylglycine readily enters the
      erythrocyte and we introduce a means of analysing the data from the coupled
      reaction sequence; the sequence consists of transport followed by enzyme
      catalysed hydrolysis.

PMID- 6838518
TI  - Biogas (natural gas?) production by anaerobic digestion of oil cake by a mixed
      culture isolated from cow dung.
AB  - Starting with cow dung, a mixed culture capable of producing biogas by the
      anaerobic digestion of castor cake (oil expelled) has been isolated and
      stabilized. The biogas so produced contains small quantities of ethane, propane
      and butane in addition to methane and carbon dioxide which are the major
      constituents. This suggests that the mixed culture contains organisms hitherto
      unisolated and unidentified which are capable of synthesizing these hydrocarbons
      through the mediation of the alkyl derivatives of coenzyme M.

PMID- 6838519
TI  - A direct study of the cohesion of lecithin bilayers: the effect of hopanoids and
      alpha, omega-dihydroxycarotenoids.

PMID- 6838520
TI  - Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria following the
      administration of dimethyl sulphoxide.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of 275 mg of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to
      rats (100-125 g body weight) effectively uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in
      liver mitochondria during the period from 2 hr to 5 day post-injection. Higher
      doses of DMSO are inhibitory to mitochondrial respiration. DMSO has however no
      uncoupling action on oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. On the other hand,
      dimethyl sulphide (DMS), a known metabolite of DMSO, brings about the uncoupling
      effect in vitro. The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by normal
      mitochondria could also be achieved if these are pre-incubated (30 min at 0
      degrees C) with the post-mitochondrial liver supernatant derived from rat
      injected with DMSO, 2-24 hr prior to sacrifice. These results provide explanation
      for the observed uncoupling effect exerted by DMSO in vivo.

PMID- 6838522
TI  - Detection of antineoplastic agent induced cardiotoxicity by 31P NMR of perfused
      rat hearts.
AB  - Development of dose dependent chronic irreversible cardiotoxicity is a key
      problem encountered in chemotherapy with adriamycin. Here it has been
      demonstrated that infusion of this agent produced distinct and largely
      irreversible changes in levels of phosphate metabolites and substantial acidosis
      that are detected by 31P NMR of the Langendorf perfused heart. Administration of
      the antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene minimizes these spectral changes but
      does not substantially diminish the antineoplastic activity of adriamycin.
      Bisantrene (CL 216,942), a noncardiotoxic anthracene with antineoplastic
      activity, produces only minor perturbations of the 31P spectrum of the perfused
      rat heart. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of employing 31P NMR
      to monitor acute or chronic cardiotoxicity in the perfused rat heart and for
      developing noninvasive in vivo NMR techniques for monitoring cardiotoxicity in
      experimental animals and humans.

PMID- 6838523
TI  - Biogenesis of mitochondrial proteins regulation of maturation of delta
      aminolevulinate synthase by hemin.
AB  - The effect of hemin on the biogenesis of delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase was
      examined in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes. Hemin (0.010 mM) in the
      culture medium significantly inhibited the induction of ALA synthase activity in
      hepatocytes exposed to the porphyrogenic agent allylisopropylacetamide. In
      hepatocytes pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine for 45 min in the presence and
      absence of hemin, it was determined by immunechemical analyses that hemin blocked
      the processing of the precursor of ALA synthase.

PMID- 6838524
TI  - Nuclear-hormone mediated changes in chromatin solubility.
AB  - Rat liver nuclei were incubated with either thyroid hormone or angiotensin (AII)
      at varying concentrations or with buffer (control) prior to digestion with
      micrococcal nuclease. Concentrations of hormones greater than 10(-10)M were
      effective in increasing the solubilization of chromatin with physiological levels
      (10(-9)M) of AII showing an approximate 2.4 fold increase over control. Nuclei
      were also isolated from animals treated in-vivo with either AII or buffer
      (control) and chromatin solubility was increased in the AII treated nuclei even
      prior to the addition of exogenous nuclease, presumably from the action of
      endogenous nucleases. The data suggest that hormone-induced increases in
      solubility are a reflection of structural changes in chromatin which enhance the
      accessibility of DNA to endonuclease attack.

PMID- 6838525
TI  - Pancreatic stone protein, a phosphoprotein which inhibits calcium carbonate
      precipitation from human pancreatic juice.

PMID- 6838521
TI  - Paradoxical effect of leupeptin in vivo on cathepsin B activity.
AB  - Leupeptin is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B in vitro and is presumed to act in
      a similar manner in vivo. It is currently being used in several laboratories to
      examine the role of lysosomal proteinases such as cathepsin B in mouse models of
      muscular dystrophy. This report clearly demonstrates that leupeptin in adequate
      concentrations in vivo, is a potent stimulator of cathepsin B activity in
      striated muscle, heart, liver and kidney of the mouse. This paradoxical effect
      indicates that care is required in the interpretation of the results of the use
      of leupeptin as a cathepsin B inhibitor in vivo and that its use as an
      antiprotease for therapeutic purposes may be limited. Studies on CBZ-Phe-Ala-CHN2
      demonstrated that this agent, when administered in vivo, inhibited Cathepsin B in
      the tissues assayed.

PMID- 6838526
TI  - Ovomucoid and ovoinhibitor isolated from chicken egg white are immunologically
      cross-reactive.
AB  - Ovomucoid and ovoinhibitor were isolated from chicken egg white. Enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and affinity chromatography of ovoinhibitor-coupled
      Sepharose 4B showed that about 25% of rabbit anti-ovomucoid antibody reacted with
      ovoinhibitor. Ovoinhibitor required about 1000 times the concentration of
      ovomucoid to give 50% inhibition of anti-ovomucoid antibody binding to
      ovoinhibitor in the plate-binding ELISA. These results suggested that
      ovoinhibitor possesses antigenic determinants which are conformationally
      homologous with those of ovomucoid and cross-react with anti-ovomucoid
      antibodies.

PMID- 6838527
TI  - 1,4-Bis(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, an
      anthraquinone antitumour agent that does not cause lipid peroxidation in vivo;
      comparison with daunorubicin.
AB  - Daunorubicin administration to mice produces a marked stimulation of lipid
      peroxidation in both liver and heart 48 hours following administration. In direct
      contrast 1,4-Bis((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamino))-9,10-anthracenedione
      (HAQ) does not induce lipid peroxidation in the liver and actually inhibits this
      event in the heart. In addition, neither daunorubicin nor HAQ deplete reduced
      glutathione in liver or heart 48 hours after drug administration. Daunorubicin
      induced glutathione (GSH) depletion was observed 2.5 hours following
      administration. These results correlate with daunorubicin increased microsomal
      oxygen consumption whilst HAQ produced no measurable effect on the rate of
      microsomal oxygen utilisation. It would appear that redox cycling to produce free
      radical oxygen involved in lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, an established
      action of daunorubicin, does not occur with HAQ. This apparent lack of HAQ
      reactivity may help explain the relatively low cardiotoxicity of this novel
      antitumour agent.

PMID- 6838528
TI  - 8-Fluoro-8-demethylriboflavin as a 19F-probe for flavin-protein interaction. A
      19F NMR study with egg white riboflavin binding protein.
AB  - Binding of 8-fluoro-8-demethylriboflavin to riboflavin binding protein was
      studied 19F-NMR spectroscopically. The pH dependence of 19F chemical shift of
      this fluoro derivative both free and bound to the protein revealed a shift of pKa
      associated with N(3)-H to alkali when bound to the protein. 19F chemical shift of
      the fluoro derivative bound to the protein is in a higher magnetic field than
      that of the free derivative in the neutral to acidic pH region. These results are
      interpreted in terms of the environmental changes at the 8- and 3-positions of
      isoalloxazine, indicating the applicability of this derivative for probing flavin
      protein interaction at these positions.

PMID- 6838529
TI  - Calcium and phosphate fluxes across the fetal membranes of the guinea pig: in
      vitro measurement.
AB  - Bidirectional calcium (45Ca) and phosphate (32P) fluxes across the amnion and
      visceral yolk sac of the guinea pig were measured in vitro in modified Ussing
      chambers. The net flux of these ions across both fetal membranes was in the
      maternal-to-fetal direction. The net flux of 45Ca and 32P across the yolk sac was
      significantly greater than that across the amnion. This difference was due to a
      greater maternal-to-fetal flux across the yolk sac. In addition, net 32P flux was
      greater than net 45Ca flux across the yolk sac, while in the amnion, there was no
      significant difference in the net flux of the two ions. It is suggested that the
      fetal membranes, especially the visceral yolk sac, contribute significantly to
      fetal acquisition of calcium and phosphate in mammals possessing a functional
      yolk sac placenta.

PMID- 6838531
TI  - Spontaneous loss of a high molecular weight plasmid and the biocide of Bacillus
      thuringiensis var. israeliensis.

PMID- 6838530
TI  - Microtubule assembly affected by the presence of denatured tubulin.

PMID- 6838532
TI  - Variant specific surface antigens from Trypanosoma equiperdum: chemical and
      physical studies.
AB  - Nine variant specific surface antigens were purified from clones of Trypanosoma
      equiperdum and characterized by amino acid analysis, isoelectric focusing and
      circular dichroism. The molecules showed extensive differences in their
      isoelectric points, and by comparison with the corresponding amino acid
      compositions, this variation seemed to be due to different amide contents.
      Circular dichroism data allowed one to divide the molecules into 4 groups
      according to their respective percentages in alpha-helical and beta-sheet
      structure.

PMID- 6838533
TI  - Transport of the precursor for rat liver glutamate dehydrogenase into
      mitochondria "in vitro".

PMID- 6838534
TI  - Different tissue concentrations and rates of synthesis of dolichol, dolichyl acyl
      esters, and dolichyl phosphate in mouse testes and preputial glands.
AB  - The rates of synthesis and tissue concentrations of dolichol derivatives differ
      markedly in testes and preputial glands from adult C57BL/6J mice. In testes, the
      rates of free dolichol, dolichyl acyl esters, and dolichyl phosphate synthesis
      were approximately 5,000, 4,000 and 2,000 dpm/3h/g, respectively. Comparable
      rates for preputial glands were 12,000, 60,000 and 0 dpm/3h/g. Thus in testes,
      dolichyl phosphate represented 15-20% of total dolichol synthesis, whereas no de
      novo dolichyl phosphate synthesis was detected in preputial glands. In testes,
      free dolichol was the predominant derivative synthesized; in preputial glands,
      80% of dolichol synthesized was esterified to fatty acids. The concentration of
      total dolichol (free alcohol plus acyl esters) was 160 micrograms/g tissue in
      testes and 1270 micrograms/g tissue in preputial glands. In both tissues, 85-90%
      of dolichol was esterified to fatty acids, and no dolichyl phosphate was
      detected.

PMID- 6838535
TI  - The observation of quasi-molecular ions from a protein neurotoxin (MW 7821) using
      127I-plasma desorption mass spectroscopy.
AB  - Fast heavy ions, i.e. 90 MeV 127I from the Uppsala tandem accelerator have been
      used to desorb and ionize molecules from a cobra venom neurotoxin. The protein is
      built up by 71 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain, tightly cross
      linked by 5 disulfide bridges. The molecular weight as confirmed by protein
      sequence analysis is 7821. The ions were mass analyzed by the time-of-flight
      technique. This is to our knowledge the largest protein for which it has been
      possible to detect quasi-molecular ions by a mass spectrometric technique.

PMID- 6838536
TI  - Determination of epoxide hydrolase activity in whole cells (human lymphocytes)
      and activation by benzoflavones.
AB  - Epoxide hydrolase (epoxide hydratase, epoxide hydrase, E.C. 3.3.2.3) activity so
      far has only been measured in subcellular preparations. We show here that, with
      the highly lipophilic substrate (3H)-benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide, the activity can
      be determined in intact cells. Whole human lymphocytes hydrolyze it at a similar
      rate to that in lymphocyte homogenate. We have previously reported that
      cultivation of lymphocytes in a medium containing 5,6-benzoflavone leads to an
      increase in epoxide hydrolase activity. We now demonstrate that this stimulation
      is due to enzyme activation and that enzyme induction does not contribute to this
      increase to any measurable extent. Moreover, both 5,6-benzoflavone and 7,8
      benzoflavone activate epoxide hydrolase. This activation occurs not only in cell
      homogenate, but also - with a similar concentration-response relationship - in
      whole lymphocytes. Hence measurement of epoxide hydrolase activity in subcellular
      preparations reflects the activity in these intact cells. Furthermore, insofar as
      a concentration of 1 microM of the benzoflavones is sufficient to cause a
      measurable (10 to 20%) activation, it appears likely that foreign compounds can
      activate epoxide hydrolase in man.

PMID- 6838537
TI  - Two discrete DNA replication intermediates are formed in melphalan-treated cells.
AB  - In undisturbed cells one can detect a discrete population of 10 kb DNA
      replication intermediates, which indicates the existence of gaps spaced about 10
      kb away from each other in the newly synthesized DNA. In melphalan-treated cells
      one can detect both 10 kb and 20 kb DNA intermediates, indicating that in such
      cells the gaps present in a replicon are not filled at the same time which allows
      the detection of a molecule which is formed by the joining of two 10 kb DNA
      intermediates. In contrast in undisturbed cells it is likely that the filling of
      the gaps present in a replicon occurs at the same time which prevents the
      detection of a 20 kb DNA intermediate.

PMID- 6838538
TI  - The relationship between NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation and degradation of
      cytochrome P-450 in adrenal cortex mitochondria.
AB  - The relationship between NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation and the degradation
      of cytochrome P-450 has been studied in bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria.
      Malondialdehyde formation is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in total
      cytochrome P-450 content. Inhibitors of lipid peroxidation also prevent the loss
      of cytochrome P-450, further demonstrating a direct relationship between NADPH
      dependent lipid peroxidation and degradation of P-450. To differentiate between
      cytochrome P-450(11)beta and P-450scc, steroid-induced difference spectra were
      used to evaluate P-450 degradation. These measurements provide the first evidence
      that both P-450's are degraded during NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation with P
      450(11)beta being much more susceptible to this process.

PMID- 6838539
TI  - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate-aldolase from rabbit muscle. Half of the sites
      reactivity at low temperature.

PMID- 6838541
TI  - Anion transport in red blood cells and arginine specific reagents. (1). Effect of
      chloride and sulfate ions on phenylglyoxal sensitive sites in the red blood cell
      membrane.
AB  - Inhibition of anion transport by the arginine specific reagents phenylglyoxal and
      1,2 cyclohexandione depends on the pH and anion concentration in the medium. At
      pH 8.0, chloride ions protect the transport system against inhibition by PG and
      1,2 CHD, while sulfate ions do not protect (1). In the present paper it is shown
      that at pH 6.5 and 7 both sulfate ions and chloride ions protect the transport
      system. The protection increases with increasing concentration of the two
      substrate ions.

PMID- 6838540
TI  - Environmental cadmium is not sequestered by metallothionein in rainbow trout.

PMID- 6838542
TI  - Identification of N5-methyl-N5-formyl-2,5,6-triamino-4-hydroxypyrimidine as a
      major adduct in rat liver DNA after treatment with the carcinogens, N,N
      dimethylnitrosamine or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - A major and previously undetected carcinogen-DNA adduct was found in the livers
      of rats given N,N-dimethylnitrosamine or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. This adduct,
      which accounted for 55% of the total methyl residues in DNA at 72 hours after
      carcinogen treatment, was chromatographically identical to a synthetic purine
      ring-opened derivative of 7-methylguanine and could be released from the isolated
      hepatic DNA by a specific E. coli glycosylase. The synthetic ring-opened adduct
      was characterized by mass and NMR spectroscopy as N5-methyl-N5-formyl-2,5,6
      triamino-4-hydroxypyrimidine and appears to exist in two rotameric forms.

PMID- 6838543
TI  - Molecular weights of the major DNA polymerases in a higher plant, Pisum sativum
      L. (PEA).
AB  - The molecular weights of the soluble (alpha-like) and chromatin-bound (beta-like)
      DNA polymerases of pea have been determined. The bulk of the soluble activity
      consists of molecular species of ca 101,500 and ca 140,000 molecular weights.
      Smaller (49,000) and larger (182,000 and 234,000) species are also observed in
      some preparations. The chromatin-bound DNA polymerase exhibits a molecular weight
      of ca 50,000, although a larger (ca 88,000) species is also detected under
      conditions which favour aggregate formation.

PMID- 6838544
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 mediated interaction between hydroperoxide and molecular oxygen.
      A proposed method for P-450 kinetic studies.
AB  - Rat liver cytochrome P-450 mediates a novel reaction between equimolar quantities
      of dissolved oxygen and organic hydroperoxides. The reaction shares some of the
      properties of both NADPH-O2 dependent hydroxylation and NADPH-O2 independent
      peroxidase reactions, but does not require either NADPH, phosphatidylcholine, or
      any substrates other than hydroperoxide and oxygen. It proceeds at a rate
      approximately 100 times faster than other well known P-450 hydroxylation
      reactions. Monitoring the rate of O2 consumption in this novel reaction may be a
      simple and rapid means for studying the kinetics of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 6838545
TI  - Lung-selective impairment of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and
      cellular injury by 1,1-dichloroethylene in mice.
AB  - The acute toxic effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE; 125 mg/kg, i.p.) on mouse
      lung, liver and kidney were investigated 24 hr after its administration. DCE
      caused a reduction of cytochrome P-450 levels and related monooxygenases in lung
      microsomes with no corresponding changes in liver and kidney. Examination of the
      lung tissue by light microscopy revealed necrosis restricted to the Clara cells.
      In contrast, liver and kidney were relatively unaffected by DCE treatment, as
      indicated by lack of changes in microsomal monooxygenase activities and
      morphology.

PMID- 6838546
TI  - Effect of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate on the activity of liver pyruvate kinase
      after limited proteolysis with cathepsin B.
AB  - Treatment of rat liver-type pyruvate kinase with rabbit liver cathepsin B at pH
      7.0 caused loss of activity in the standard assay with 0.6 mM of
      phosphoenolpyruvate. The modified enzyme exhibited about 10% of the original
      activity when assayed with 2.0 mM of the substrate. No detectable change in the
      subunit molecular weight of the enzyme occurred during inactivation. On addition
      of 4 microM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate the activity of the treated enzyme was
      restored to that of the original enzyme. Limited proteolysis of the enzyme by
      cathepsin B appears to enhance the requirement for the positive effector,
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

PMID- 6838547
TI  - Replicon initiation frequency and intracellular levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and of
      diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in ehrlich ascites cells cultured
      aerobically and anaerobically.
AB  - When Ehrlich ascites cells were cultured for 2 h under oxygen-free atmosphere, a
      shut-down of initiation of new replication units was observed by chain length
      analysis of the nascent daughter strands and by DNA fibre autoradiography. The
      intracellular level of ATP, ADP and AMP remained virtually normal in the
      anaerobized cells, while that of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate was
      found reduced by about two orders of magnitude. It is proposed that the ceasing
      of DNA synthesis after O2 removal is at actively controlled regulatory response
      of the cells in which diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate is probably
      involved.

PMID- 6838548
TI  - Direct observation of 6-fluorodopamine in guinea pig nerve microsacs by 19F NMR.
AB  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to examine the disposition of
      ring-fluorinated dopamine and norepinephrine in microsacs prepared from striata
      of guinea pig brains. Following incubation with a 10(-4)M initial concentration
      of 6-fluorodopamine (6F-DA), intact micmicrosacs at 4 degrees C gave a 19F NMR
      spectrum in which the 6F-DA present was sufficiently mobile to be visible. Intra
      vesicular 6F-DA in striatal nerve terminals thus appears to exist in an
      environment resembling that in chromaffin vesicles but different from that
      prevailing inside the amine storage vesicles of platelets. Our data also suggest
      that the study of fluorinated compounds by 19F NMR can be used to expand our
      understanding of processes related to amine uptake, metabolism, and storage in
      nerves.

PMID- 6838549
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of human proinsulin.

PMID- 6838551
TI  - Biosynthesis of the bile pigment sarpedobilin from [14C]pterobilin by Papilio
      sarpedon (Lepidoptera).

PMID- 6838553
TI  - Assembly kinetics of replicating chromatin: isolation and characterization of
      prenucleosomal and nucleosomal DNA.
AB  - Replicating chromatin is known to be more sensitive to micrococcal nuclease than
      bulk chromatin. We have used this property and a fractionation procedure based on
      the specific release of replicating material under mild micrococcal nuclease
      digestion, in order to analyse both the kinetics of maturation of newly
      replicated DNA into nucleosomes and the structure of the replicating material. As
      other authors, we initially observed that repetitive unit of newly replicated
      chromatin was shorter than that of bulk chromatin, however this result appears to
      be due to sliding of nucleosomes along the chromatin fibers close to the
      replicating fork. Replicative chromatin was fractionated and analysed. A
      prenucleosomal peak was observed and preliminary characterized.

PMID- 6838550
TI  - Rat kidney microsomes convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to an unidentified metabolite.
AB  - Kidney microsomes from vitamin D-deficient rats and from
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats converted 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to an unidentified
      metabolite. The addition of the cytosolic fraction enhanced microsomal synthesis
      of this metabolite two-fold. The kinetics of the conversion in the presence of
      the cytosolic fraction was allosteric, suggesting that the enzyme responsible for
      synthesis of this metabolite might serve some role in the regulation of vitamin D
      metabolism. Microsomes from vitamin D-fed thyroparathyroidectomized rats also
      produced a second metabolite, tentatively identified as 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      because of its comigration with 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in three different
      chromatographic systems.

PMID- 6838554
TI  - Induction of human leukocyte interferon by heat-treated poly I: poly C.
AB  - Synthetic double stranded RNA (poly I: poly C) was prepared from polyinosinic
      acid (poly I) and polycytidylic acid (poly C) by heat-treated followed by gradual
      cooling, and was used for induction of human leukocyte interferon (IFN). When
      poly I: poly C solution was heated at 37 - 65 degrees C for 30 minutes, high
      activity of human IFN (10,000 - 60,000 i. u./ml) was obtained. In this system,
      the optimum molecular weight of poly I: poly C to induce IFN was 12.6 - 17.6 S.
      The properties of induced IFN were heat- and acid- stable, and it was neutralized
      with anti-IFN alpha serum. So, it was confirmed that it was IFN alpha.

PMID- 6838552
TI  - Binding of concanavalin A to calf brain synaptic vesicles.
AB  - Concanavalin A was employed as a tool to investigate the organization of synaptic
      vesicle glycoproteins. The lectin was incubated in the presence of both intact
      and Triton X-100 treated calf brain synaptic vesicles. Electrophoresis of treated
      membranes clearly demonstrated that the majority of Concanavalin A binding sites
      was not exposed in intact synaptic vesicles. The vesicles were isolated by the
      procedure of DeLorenzo and Freedman (DeLorenzo, R. J., and Freedman, S. D. (1978)
      Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 80, 183-192). However, an extra centrifugation
      step at 55,000 g was required to obtain plain vesicles nearly free from coated
      vesicles and membrane fragments.

PMID- 6838555
TI  - The effect of synthetic fragment 31-44 of human growth hormone on glucose uptake
      by isolated adipose tissue.
AB  - Synthetic tetradecapeptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 31-44 of human
      growth hormone molecule and possessing a lipotropic activity was tested for the
      ability to stimulate glucose uptake by isolated epididymal fat pads of fed rats.
      Tetradecapeptide 31-44 (1 microgram/ml), growth hormone (1 microgram/ml) and
      insulin (50 microU/ml) stimulated in about equal degree the uptake of [U
      14C]glucose by adipose tissue. Tissue samples were preliminary incubated for 3-4
      hours in the absence of hormones to eliminate the refractoriness to the insulin
      like effects of growth hormone. Without preincubation the tissue was refractory
      to the action of growth hormone and tetradecapeptide 31-44, but was sensitive to
      insulin. The data obtained together with the findings of Lewis et al., which
      showed that 20K structural variant of human growth hormone having the deletion of
      residues 32-46 cannot stimulate glucose uptake and lipolysis in rats, make it
      possible to suggest that both activities are associated with fragment 31-44.

PMID- 6838556
TI  - Neighboring group migration in enzyme-mediated halohydrin formation.
AB  - Enzymatic halogenation of the double bond in allyl halides was influenced by
      intramolecular participation of the allylic halogen in the substrate molecule.
      Migration of the allylic halogen to the central carbon atom was observed in the
      enzymatic chlorination of allyl bromide, but not in the enzymatic bromination of
      allyl chloride. These results parallel the neighboring group effects observed for
      non-enzymatic halogenation of allyl halides.

PMID- 6838557
TI  - Conversion of 3H-PAF acether by rabbit platelets is independent from aggregation:
      evidences for a novel metabolite.
AB  - 3H-PAF-acether (Alkyl-[1', 2'-3H]- 2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) was
      time-dependently transformed by plasma-free rabbit platelets into an unknown
      product, "PX", which was distinct from lyso-PAF-acether. This effect was specific
      for platelets since plasma only converted 3H-PAF-acether into lyso-3H-PAF-acether
      and platelets were not effective in metabolizing lyso-3H-PAF-acether. Platelet
      aggregation did not interfere with the formation of "PX". The latter is a novel
      platelet metabolite of PAF-acether with as yet unknown biological properties.

PMID- 6838558
TI  - Inhibition of DNA polymerases of sea urchin by palmitoyl coenzyme A.
AB  - Palmitoyl CoA noncompetitively inhibited the activities of DNA polymerase alpha
      and gamma, prepared from sea urchin germ cells, with Ki values of 28 microM and
      116 microM, respectively. Myristoyl CoA also inhibited DNA polymerase alpha and
      gamma, while coenzyme A, short chain fatty acyl CoA's, Na-myristate and Na
      palmitate failed to inhibit the enzymes. It was concluded that both the long
      hydrocarbon chain and CoA moiety of long chain fatty acyl CoA's are necessary for
      inhibition of DNA polymerase activity. DNA polymerase beta was not inhibited by
      long chain fatty acyl CoA's.

PMID- 6838559
TI  - Native molecular weight of adenovirus proteins: on the oligomeric structure of
      the fiber.
AB  - Fluorescamine-modification of amino groups was used to eliminate the influence of
      basic charge on the final migration position of protein's in alkaline pH
      polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. As applied to adenovirus structural
      components, this type of analysis suggested the fiber to be composed of three
      identical subunits. The trimeric nature of both penton base and fiber therefore
      displaces the problem of symmetry mismatching to penton base and surrounding
      hexons at each vertex of the adenovirus icosahedron.

PMID- 6838560
TI  - Ligand effects on the limited proteolysis of phenylalanine hydroxylase: evidence
      for multiple conformational states.
AB  - The effects of phenylalanine and tetrahydrobiopterin on the limited proteolysis
      of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase by chymotrypsin have been examined. The
      presence of tetrahydrobiopterin inhibits the proteolytic activation of native
      phenylalanine hydroxylase. In contrast, phenylalanine causes a stimulation of
      proteolytic activation under these conditions. Neither phenylalanine nor
      tetrahydrobiopterin affect the rate of hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate by
      chymotrypsin. Both tetrahydrobiopterin and phenylalanine inhibit the release of
      soluble radioactivity from [32P]phosphorylated phenylalanine hydroxylase. These
      results confirm the existence of multiple conformational states of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase.

PMID- 6838561
TI  - Phospholipids activate cathepsin D.
AB  - Total lipids as well as phospholipids extracted from the mitochondrial-lysosomal
      fraction of porcine adrenal cortex activated the lysosomal cathepsin D of this
      tissue 30- and 40-fold, respectively, with bovine serum albumin as the substrate.
      Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl
      inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and cardiolipin were found to activate greatly
      the cathepsin D. The degree of activation ranged from 6-fold by phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine to 40-fold by cardiolipin at 1 mM, respectively. These results
      strongly point to the importance of phospholipids in intracellular protein
      degradation by lysosomal cathepsin D.

PMID- 6838562
TI  - Abnormal accumulation of galactosylceramide in the kidney of twitcher mouse.
AB  - The kidney tissue of the twitcher mice, a neurological mutant caused by a genetic
      deficiency of galactosylceramidase, contains enormously increased amounts, up to
      50 times normal, of galactosylceramide. The finding is in sharp contrast with
      those in the enzymatically equivalent human disease, globoid cell leukodystrophy
      (Krabbe disease), in which no specific abnormal accumulation of
      galactosylceramide occurs despite the same genetic block in the catabolic
      pathway. This indicates that the same genetic defect can result in entirely
      different consequences in different species. Caution must be exercised even when
      "authentic animal models" are utilized for studies of human diseases.

PMID- 6838564
TI  - Effect of thyrotropin on glycosaminoglycans synthesized by primocultured thyroid
      cells.
AB  - The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was investigated in porcine thyroid
      cells under the influence or not of thyrotropin. After labelling with [3H]
      glucosamine and [35S] SO4(2-), enriched GAG-fractions prepared from culture
      media, cells, and eventually substrate adhering materials, were analyzed by
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis combined with specific degradations. They
      comprised heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid together with an unknown sulfated
      component labile to endo-beta-galactosidase. Whereas global labellings of newly
      made GAGs were not significantly modified by thyrotropin, we reproducibly
      observed with the hormone a substantial increase in the proportion of hyaluronic
      acid [3H] label and, when cells organized into follicles, of the proportion of
      cell-associated [3H] GAGs. This system thus offers an interesting model to study
      how the responsiveness to an hormone and the reorganization that follows might
      implicate specific glycoconjugates.

PMID- 6838563
TI  - In vitro translation of canine mitochondrial creatine kinase messenger RNA.
AB  - The cell-free translation products of mRNA from canine myocardium were
      immunoprecipitated using antiserum specific for either the MM or mitochondrial
      creatine kinase subunit. The two subunits were shown to be encoded by the nuclear
      genome and translated from separate mRNAs. The mitochondrial subunit was
      translated as a polypeptide with a molecular weight approximately 6,000 greater
      than the mature form of the enzyme. In contrast, the M-subunit was translated as
      a polypeptide having a molecular weight identical to that of the mature cytosolic
      M-subunit. It is assumed that the mitochondrial subunit precursor must be
      proteolytically processed during translocation from the cytoplasm into
      mitochondria.

PMID- 6838565
TI  - The effect of cross-linking spectrin-actin complexes with band 4.1 on the state
      of polymerization of the actin.
AB  - The polymerization of actin in the presence of spectrin tetramers and band 4.1
      isolated from the human erythrocyte has been measured using a fluorescence energy
      transfer technique. The results show that the cross-linking of spectrin-actin
      complexes by band 4.1 results in a limited depolymerization of actin filaments
      and a concomitant rise in the critical actin concentration. The phenomenon may
      explain in part the existence of actin in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton as short
      oligomers rather than as long filaments.

PMID- 6838566
TI  - Incorporation of bacteriorhodopsin into large unilamellar liposomes by reverse
      phase evaporation.
AB  - The reverse phase evaporation procedure was used to prepare large unilamellar
      liposomes containing bacteriorhodopsin. Electron microscopy showed that
      proteoliposomes were unilamellar and fairly uniform in size provided the
      preparation was extruded through calibrated nucleopore membranes : the vesicles
      have diameters around 200 nm. The spectral properties of the bacteriorhodopsin in
      the large liposomes resembled those of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane.
      Furthermore, the chromoprotein in the reconstituted vesicles had an inside-out
      orientation and on illumination, translocated protons efficiently from the
      external medium into the vesicles in the presence of the ionophore valinomycin.
      In the absence of the latter, a light-independent transmembrane potential of
      about 60 mV was measured from thiocyanate distribution. In the presence of
      valinomycin, this transmembrane electrical potential was abolished and then a
      light-dependent transmembrane pH gradient of about 2 pH units could be generated.

PMID- 6838567
TI  - Preparation, purification and properties of a crosslinked trimer of G-actin.
AB  - Phenylenebismaleimide has been used to form crosslinks between actin monomers
      [Knight, P. and Offer, G. (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 1023-1032]. We have purified a
      trimer of actin monomers as well as a dimer and a mixture of higher molecular
      weight oligomers. The trimer is much more effective than the dimer in enhancing
      the rate of polymerization while higher oligomers do not appear to be any more
      effective than the trimer. A lag in the polymerization process, as measured
      fluorescence enhancement of trace pyrene-actin, still occurs in the presence of
      trimers serving as the nuclei, suggesting that the mechanism for polymerization
      is more complex than nucleation followed by elongation.

PMID- 6838568
TI  - Effects of human choriogonadotropin on mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P
      450 levels in mouse testes.
AB  - The mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents of C57B1/6 mouse
      testis have been measured using difference spectroscopy on stable enzyme
      preparations containing the ferrous-carbon monoxide complex. Results were
      obtained on control animals (52 +/- 3 days of age) and on animals injected
      subcutaneously with human choriogonadotropin (0.017 micrograms/g body weight 24 h
      prior to sacrifice). The high ratio of testicular mitochondrial cytochrome
      oxidase to P-450, which has previously precluded measurements of basal P-450
      levels, was overcome by using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine to bypass
      site II, in combination with antimycin A to prevent reverse electron flow. The
      basal levels of mitochondrial and microsomal P-450 in mouse testis were 37.9 +/-
      3.5 and 28.9 +/- 1.6 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Following administration of a
      desensitizing dose of gonadotropin, the respective values were lowered to 19.9 +/
      1.4 and 19.6 +/- 2.1 pmol/mg protein in 24 h. This is the first report of a
      gonadotropin-mediated decrease in mitochondrial P-450 and thus demonstrates that
      desensitization leads to alterations in both microsomal and mitochondrial P-450
      in mouse testis.

PMID- 6838569
TI  - Photolabeling of staphylococcal alpha-toxin from within rabbit erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - Intrinsic membrane proteins of rabbit red blood cells were labeled with the
      photoreactive amphipatic reagent 12-(4-azido-2-nitrophenoxy) stearoyl (1-14C)
      glucosamine, which inserts into the hydrophobic membrane region and generates a
      reactive nitrene upon ultraviolet irradiation. Photolabeling of membrane-bound
      staphylococcal alpha-toxin after lysis of probe-treated rabbit red blood cells by
      this toxin implies its penetration into the hydrophobic region of the outer
      leaflet of the membrane. In contrast clostridial theta-toxin and staphylococcal
      delta-toxin were not labeled, but extraction of intrinsic membrane proteins by
      delta-toxin was evidenced.

PMID- 6838570
TI  - Fast atom bombardment: evidence of disproportionation and recombination of a
      synthetic porphyrin in the matrix.
AB  - In addition to dimerization and polymerization of samples as previously
      suggested, it appears that during FAB-MS, reactions in the sample matrix can
      occur to yield new compounds that are recombinations of molecular fragments. This
      type of reaction may be especially critical to the integrity of peptide
      sequencing using FAB, since the reactions cited in this report involve the
      formation and rupture of amides or peptide bonds.

PMID- 6838572
TI  - The presence of essential arginine residues at the active sites of citrate lyase
      complex from Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - The acyl-transferase and acyl-lyase activities of Klebsiella aerogenes citrate
      lyase complex are inactivated by the arginine specific reagents phenylglyoxal and
      2,3-butanedione, the former reagent being the more potent inhibitor. Citrate and
      (3S)-citryl-CoA protect the transferase activity, while acetyl-CoA markedly
      enhances the rate of the inactivation. (3S)-Citryl-CoA protects the lyase subunit
      in the complex from inactivation. The kinetics of inactivation suggest the
      involvement of a single arginine residue at each of the active sites of the
      transferase and of the lyase subunits.

PMID- 6838571
TI  - 4-methyleneglutamine synthetase: a new amide synthetase present in germinating
      peanuts.
AB  - Enzymatic activity which catalyzes the synthesis of 4-methyleneglutamine from 4
      methyleneglutamic acid + ammonia was detected in and partially purified from
      cotyledons of peanut seeds germinated 5 to 7 days. This activity was separated
      from glutamine and asparagine synthetases by ammonium sulfate precipitation and
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme is distinct from these other amide
      synthetases in its substrate specificity, lack of amide/hydroxylamine exchange,
      and use of ammonium ion as amide donor together with formation of AMP from ATP.
      The activity is quite labile in solution, but is retained as a precipitate in
      ammonium sulfate or when frozen in 12.5% glycerol at -77 degrees C. This activity
      might be responsible for catalyzing the rapid synthesis of 4-methyleneglutamine
      which occurs in germinating peanuts.

PMID- 6838573
TI  - Differentiation of a histiocytic lymphoma cell line by lipomodulin, a
      phospholipase inhibitory protein.
AB  - When U 937 cells, a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, were cultured with
      purified lipomodulin for 3 days, morphological and functional differentiation was
      induced as detected by microscopical examination of Giemsa stained smears,
      expression of mature monocyte antigen, and antibody dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity tests. Essentially similar differentiation was observed by the
      treatment with dexamethasone for 6 days and this differentiation by dexamethasone
      was blocked by monoclonal anti-lipomodulin antibody. Furthermore, the synthesis
      of immunoprecipitable lipomodulin in these cells was induced by dexamethasone
      treatment. These results, taken together, suggest that the induction of
      lipomodulin synthesis might be the primary event in dexamethasone-induced
      cellular differentiation of U 937 cells.

PMID- 6838574
TI  - Co2+ and Mn2+ uptake by crab nerve fibers in resting state and potassium
      depolarization.
AB  - Transition metal ions, Mn2+ and Co2+, are incorporated into nerve fibers when
      they are applied externally. For nerve fibers in the resting state, however,
      extracellular and intracellular water may be distinguished by applying transition
      metal ions externally. NMR spectra of water protons from nerve fibers in high
      potassium media, which contain transition metal ions, consist of three or more
      components, reflecting a complex distribution of these ions around the nerve
      membranes. In the case of Co2+, three components may be identified.

PMID- 6838575
TI  - Biosynthesis and processing of placental alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Polypeptides of 61,500 and 64,500 apparent molecular weights were the precursor
      and fully processed forms of placental alkaline phosphatase monomer synthesized
      by choriocarcinoma cells in vivo. [3H] Mannose was incorporated into both
      polypeptides whereas [3H] glucosamine was incorporated mainly into the 64,500
      dalton polypeptide, suggesting processing by the addition of glucosamine
      moieties. In the absence of microsomal membranes, choriocarcinoma mRNA directed
      the cell-free synthesis of the preprotein form of alkaline phosphatase monomer of
      apparent Mr = 60,000. The unglycosylated monomer had an apparent Mr = 58,000. In
      the presence of microsomal membranes, the 60,000-dalton polypeptide was processed
      to a polypeptide of apparent Mr = 61,500, comigrating with the precursor form of
      alkaline phosphatase monomer.

PMID- 6838577
TI  - Polymorphic phase preferences of phosphatidic acid: A 31P and 2H NMR study.
AB  - 31P NMR, 2H NMR and freeze fracture techniques have been employed to investigate
      the structural preferences of dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (DOPA) under various
      conditions of pH and divalent cation content. It is shown that DOPA increasingly
      prefers the HII organization below pH 5, and that low levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+
      (Me2+/DOPA = 0.5) induce HII phase structure for pH less than 6.0. Higher Mg2+
      and Ca2+ levels (Me2+/DOPA greater than 1.0) induce more complex structures at pH
      greater than 5.0 which may correspond to intermediates between lamellar and HII
      organization. This work illustrates the utility of 2H NMR techniques in
      conjunction with suitable 2H labelled lipids to provide structural information on
      lipid-water systems, and suggests that 31P NMR techniques for determinations of
      lipid organization can be applied to advantage in PA containing membranes.

PMID- 6838578
TI  - Androgen receptors in the brain of neonatal normal male and androgen insensitive
      rats.
AB  - Androgen binding was investigated in the cytosol of brains from neonatal normal
      and tfm rats using sucrose gradient and charcoal assay. The neonatal normal rat
      brain contains androgen receptors which sediment at 8S in a sucrose gradient at
      low ionic strength and at 4S in the presence of 0.5M KC1. These receptors have a
      high affinity (Kd = 1.2 X 10(-9)M) for dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with a binding
      capacity of 7.3 X 10(-15) moles/mg cytosol protein. By contrast, there is very
      little, if any, high affinity androgen receptors in the neonatal tfm rat brain.
      Apparently, metabolism of testosterone does not affect androgen binding in the
      neonatal rat brain. The presence of these receptors and the occurrence of
      aromatization in the brain of neonatal rats are discussed in relation to their
      possible roles in sexual differentiation of the brain.

PMID- 6838576
TI  - Is antimycin A a specific inhibitor of the slow rise of the electrochromic
      absorbance change in intact chloroplasts?
AB  - The inhibitory effect of antimycin A on the slow rise of the flash-induced
      electrochromic absorbance change was reinvestigated in intact chloroplasts
      isolated from pea leaves. It is shown that in the absence of nigericin and +K at
      low repetition rates (less than 0.5 s-1) of the excitation flashes not only the
      slow (approximately 10 ms) rise but also the initial (much less than 1 ms) rise
      generated by photosystem 1 is inhibited by antimycin A.

PMID- 6838579
TI  - In vitro synthesis of photosynthetic membranes: I. Development of photosystem I
      activity and cyclic photophosphorylation.

PMID- 6838580
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293) Part 3. Production of
      phosphinic acid derivatives, MP-103, MP-104 and MP-105, by a blocked mutant of
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293 and their roles in the biosynthesis of
      bialaphos.
AB  - During biosynthetic studies on bialaphos to reveal the formation mechanisms of
      carbon-phosphorous bonds in detail, three new metabolites containing a H-P-C bond
      structure were isolated from the fermentation broth of a mutant of Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus SF-1293. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, the structures of
      these compounds have been determined as shown in Fig. 1. Transformation
      experiments of these metabolites to bialaphos suggested that the reduction of the
      phosphorous atom in phosphate will take place at an early biosynthetic stage.

PMID- 6838581
TI  - Isolation of a plasma protein observed in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - In patients with essential hypertension, an additional plasma protein with an
      apparent molecular weight of 15,000 has been observed by high resolution sodium
      dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of beta
      mercaptoethanol. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 superfine revealed a native
      molecule with a molecular weight of 105,000. After reduction of the disulfide
      bridges with beta-mercaptoethanol the native molecule is dissociated into two
      subunits of 45,000 and one of 15,000. The native plasma protein has been purified
      by a combination of gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, affinity chromatography on
      Concanavalin A Sepharose and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose.
      This protein has been referred to as "hypertension associated protein" (HAP).

PMID- 6838582
TI  - Kinetic scheme for Ca2+-arsenazo III interactions.
AB  - Temperature-jump relaxation kinetic studies show that the complex formation
      between Ca2+ and the metallochromic dye arsenazo III (Ar) is associated with a
      rapid mode (less than or equal to 10 mus-range) involving both Ca2+ and Na+ of
      the Na-salt of Ar and a slower mode (approximately 10 ms range) which can be
      attributed to structural rearrangements in the 1:2 complex CaAr2. The kinetic
      data suggest the scheme: Ca+2Ar = CaAr+Ar = CaAr2 = CaAr2. The relatively slow
      rate-limiting step sets a limit for the use of arsenazo III to study the kinetics
      of Ca2+ processes in cell biology.

PMID- 6838583
TI  - The binding of calcium to human fibronectin.
AB  - The binding of calcium to human plasma fibronectin has been measured by
      equilibrium dialysis at 25 degrees in 0.1 M NaCl 50mM Tris HCL, pH 7.4. Curve
      fitting of the binding data indicates that fibronectin has two strong calcium
      binding sites per chain (Mr 220,000), KD = 1.3 mM and approximately 12 weak
      sites, KD = 2.3 mM. No significant displacement of bound calcium by magnesium was
      observed at magnesium concentrations up to 1 mM. Calcium binding to a pair of
      tryptic fragments of fibronectin (Mr congruent to 160,000 and 180,000) that bind
      to gelatin has also been investigated. These fragments have a single class of
      calcium binding sites, with 2.2 sites per chain, KD = 1.1 mM. Negligible calcium
      binding to tryptic fragments derived from other regions of the fibronectin
      molecule was observed.

PMID- 6838584
TI  - The effect of dichloroacetate on the phosphorylation of mitochondria proteins.
AB  - Succinyl-CoA synthetase and the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase are
      phosphorylated after incubation of mitochondria from brain, heart, and liver with
      [gamma-32P]ATP. Dichloroacetate, a known specific inhibitor for pyruvate
      dehydrogenase kinase, inhibits not only the phosphate incorporation into the
      alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase but also the autophosphorylation of
      succinyl-CoA synthetase. AMP also inhibits the phosphorylation of both proteins.
      Phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver
      mitochondria is significantly lower than in mitochondria from other tissues.

PMID- 6838586
TI  - On the mechanism by which Mg2+ and adenine nucleotides restore membrane potential
      in rat liver mitochondria deenergized by Ca2+ and phosphate.
AB  - The presence of ATP or ADP in the incubation medium prevents the collapse of
      membrane potential induced by external Ca2+ and phosphate. The same adenine
      nucleotides are unable to restore collapsed membrane potential unless Mg2+ are
      also added. Bongkrekate is also able to prevent the effects of external Ca2+ and
      phosphate and when added after membrane potential has collapsed strongly
      potentiates the restorative action of ATP or ADP. Atractyloside has an opposite
      effect.

PMID- 6838585
TI  - The requirement for ferric in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by chelated
      ferrous iron.
AB  - When certain ferrous chelates are added to lipid, peroxidation of the lipid
      occurs following a short lag. This suggests that a product of ferrous
      autoxidation is required to initiate lipid peroxidation. This autoxidation
      product is apparently ferric iron, rather than the oxygen radicals which also
      result from ferrous autoxidation. Studies with oxy-radical scavengers and
      catalase suggest that O2-., H2O2, or the .OH are not involved in the initiation
      reactions, therefore, we propose that a ferrous-dioxygen-ferric chelate complex
      may be the initiating species.

PMID- 6838587
TI  - A soybean lectin having 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid specificity.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the presence of a new lectin activity in soybean seeds
      [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] that has specificity towards the 4-O-methyl-D
      glucurono-L-rhamnan exopolysaccharide produced by certain strains of Rhizobium
      japonicum. Bacterial agglutination and precipitin reactions revealed the lectin
      activity in phosphate-buffered saline extracts of seeds of all cultivars tested,
      including the "lectinless" varieties. Reaction of such extracts with carbohydrate
      haptens demonstrated that the specificity of the binding was towards 4-O-methyl-D
      glucuronic acid, D-glucuronic acid and their methyl glycosides.

PMID- 6838588
TI  - Synthesis of D-cysteine-related amino acids by 3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase
      of Pseudomonas putida CR 1-1.
AB  - Using the beta-replacement reaction of 3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase from
      Pseudomonas putida CR 1-1, S-methyl-, S-ethyl-, S-n-propyl-, S-n-butyl-, S-phenyl
      , S-benzyl-, S-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)- and S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-cysteine were
      synthesized from 3-chloro-D-alanine and methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl-,
      phenyl-, benzyl-mercaptans, alpha-thioglycerol and 2-mercaptoethanol,
      respectively. The enzymatically synthesized D-cysteine-related amino acids were
      isolated from the large scale reaction mixture and identified physicochemically.

PMID- 6838589
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an anionic glutathione S-transferase from rat
      liver cytosol.
AB  - An anionic glutathione S-transferase representing approximately 20% of the total
      glutathione S-transferase protein and 10% of the total transferase activity
      toward 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene has been purified to homogeneity from the
      105,000 x g supernatant of rat liver homogenate. The SDS gel electrophoretic data
      on subunit composition revealed that the anionic isozyme is composed of two
      subunits with an identical Mr of 26,000. The Km values for 1-chloro 2,4
      dinitrobenzene and reduced glutathione were determined to be 0.94 mM and 0.23 mM
      respectively. A significant amount of glutathione peroxidase activity toward
      cumene hydroperoxide is associated with the new isozyme.

PMID- 6838590
TI  - Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of TCDD toxicity.
AB  - The target tissues of TCDD, the dysfunctions that result in death in experimental
      animals, and the ultimate biochemical lesion(s) caused by TCDD are not known
      despite numerous studies. We have shown by the thiobarbituric acid and conjugated
      diene methods that TCDD induces hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats. The lipid
      peroxidation produced by TCDD is both dose and time dependent. A 5-6 fold
      increase in lipid peroxidation occurs within 6 days following the administration
      of 40 micrograms TCDD/kg body weight/day for 3 days. Thus, the toxicity of TCDD
      may be caused in part by free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation that leads to
      general cell membrane damage which can ultimately produce death in experimental
      animals at acutely toxic doses.

PMID- 6838591
TI  - Inhibition of protein and lipid synthesis in muscle by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene,
      an inhibitor of creatine phosphokinase.
AB  - The incorporation of [3H]-valine into protein and [14C]-acetate into lipid was
      measured in rat diaphragm and hepatocytes after pretreatment of the tissue with
      2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (FDNB), an inhibitor of creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
      (EC2.7.3.2). The activity of CPK was also measured. Increasing concentrations of
      FDNB inhibited protein and lipid synthesis in muscle in parallel with the
      inhibition of CPK activity. In hepatocytes, which have little CPK activity,
      similar concentrations of FDNB had no effect on protein synthesis and little
      effect on lipid synthesis. The possible role of CPK and the creatine phosphate
      shuttle in muscle metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 6838592
TI  - Application of quantitative deuterium NMR to the study of isotope fractionation
      in the conversion of saccharides to ethanols.

PMID- 6838593
TI  - The effect in vivo and in vitro of allylisopropylacetamide on the content of
      hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 2 of phenobarbital treated rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits treated with phenobarbital were given a single injection of
      allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) s.c. and/or heme i.v. Hepatic microsomes were
      isolated 1, 5 and 24 hours post injection and the microsomal contents of both
      total cytochrome P-450 chromophore, and the protein moiety of P-450 2 were
      determined by spectrophotometric and immunochemical methods respectively. AIA
      caused the levels of total P-450 chromophore and of P-450 2 protein to decline to
      30% of the control values at 5 hours post-injection. Concurrent administration of
      heme with AIA diminished the decrease in the total microsomal content of P-450
      chromophore but not in that of P-450 2 protein. These findings suggest that the
      destruction of the heme prosthetic group of P-450 by suicide substrates such as
      AIA may lead to an enhanced degradation of the apo-P-450.

PMID- 6838594
TI  - Abnormal collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle of dystrophic chicken.
AB  - Specific molecular properties of skeletal muscle collagens from normal and
      dystrophic chickens have been compared. When dystrophy develops in skeletal
      muscle tissue there was an increase in the amount of total collagen and an
      increased proportion of Type III collagen in the tissue. The results from the
      cross-link study as well as the analysis of the solubility of collagen showed
      that skeletal muscle of dystrophic chicken produces more immature collagen fibers
      compared to normal chicken. These findings strongly indicate an important role of
      collagen in the pathogenesis of the extensive connective tissue prolipheration
      characteristic of muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 6838595
TI  - Plasmid involvement in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a
      Beijerinckia species.
AB  - A Beijerinckia species, capable of oxidizing phenanthrene, biphenyl and other
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was shown to contain two plasmids that were
      designated pKGl and pKG2. The molecular masses of plasmids pKG1 and pKG2, as
      determined by electron microscopy, were approximately 147 X 10(6) and 20.8 X
      10(6) daltons, respectively. Growth of the organism on benzoate led to the
      isolation of strains that had lost the ability to grow with phenanthrene and
      biphenyl. All of the Phn-, Bph- strains had also lost the smaller plasmid, pKG2.
      The results presented suggest that plasmid pKG2 is responsible for the synthesis
      of enzymes involved in the degradation of phenanthrene and biphenyl.

PMID- 6838596
TI  - ES complexes of Aeromonas aminopeptidase: direct observation by stopped-flow
      fluorescence.
AB  - Intermediates of Aeromonas aminopeptidase are monitored through fluorescence
      generated by radiationless energy transfer (RET) between enzyme tryptophans and
      the dansyl group of the bound substrate. Upon binding of the substrate enzyme
      tryptophan fluorescence is quenched and substrate dansyl fluorescence enhanced.
      These processes are reversed upon hydrolysis of the Leu-Ala bond and release of
      Ala-DED from the enzyme. Stopped-flow RET kinetic analysis yields values of kcat
      = 36 sec-1 and Km = 3.7 microM at pH 7.5 and 20 degrees C. These values represent
      the highest kcat/Km ratio, 1 X 10(7) M-1 sec-1, of any substrate for Aeromonas
      aminopeptidase. The excellent binding properties of the peptide permit direct
      visualization of ES complexes even at enzyme concentrations of 10(-7) M.

PMID- 6838597
TI  - Fluorescence and photoelectron studies of the intercalative binding of
      benz(a)anthracene metabolite models to DNA.
AB  - DNA binding of nonreactive metabolite models derived from benz(a)anthracene was
      studied. The molecules investigated include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz(a)anthracene
      (1), 5,6-dihydrobenz(a)anthracene (2), and 8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenz(a)anthracene
      (3), as well as anthracene and phenanthrene. Measurements of the effects of DNA
      binding upon fluorescence intensities and fluorescence lifetimes indicate that
      molecules 1 and 3 (KA = 1.5 - 2.5 x 10(3) M-1) bind more strongly to native DNA
      than does molecule 2 (KA congruent to 0.5 x 10(3) M-1). Furthermore, molecules 1
      and 3 bind to DNA much more effectively than do the two less sterically hindered
      pi electron metabolite models, anthracene and phenanthrene. Photoelectron data
      suggests that the enhanced binding of molecules 1 and 3 is due to increases in
      polarizability. Experiments carried out with denatured DNA indicate that the
      binding of molecule 1 entails the greatest intercalation.

PMID- 6838598
TI  - Size and shape of poly(ADP-ribose): examination by gel filtration, gel
      electrophoresis and electron microscopy.
AB  - Digestion of the poly(ADP-ribose) with snake venom phosphodiesterase yielded
      phosphoribosyl-AMP and AMP in a ratio of 30 to 1, indicating the "chain length"
      of 30 if the poly(ADP-ribose) is a linear molecule as previously supposed. Gel
      filtration and gel electrophoresis, however, revealed a very heterogeneous size
      distribution, the average size being, much longer than (ADP-ribose)30. Electron
      microscopy of poly(ADP-ribose) showed an irregularly branched figure. Molecules
      with more than ten branched portions were observed. These results are in
      agreement with the recent identification of the chemical structure of the
      branched portion in poly(ADP-ribose).

PMID- 6838599
TI  - Evidence for the existence of protein inhibitors for S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      mediated methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - The effect of rat liver cytosol on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via the N
      methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine has been studied. The purified rat liver
      plasma membrane was used as an enzyme source. The rat liver 105,000 x g
      supernatant(cytosol) contained two different inhibitors for S-adenosyl-L
      methionine-mediated methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N
      mono-methylethanolamine. The inhibitors were inactivated by pretreatment with
      trypsin or heating at 96 degrees C, but were not inactivated by RNase. The
      inhibitors did not inhibit the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidyl
      N-mono-methylethanolamine. The results indicate that two different protein
      inhibitors for methylation are present in rat liver cytosol fraction and that the
      inhibition by these proteins may have a role for the regulation of
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 6838600
TI  - Butyrate regulates glycosylation of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit
      secreted by "glucose-starved" human liver cells.
AB  - The alpha-subunit secreted by Chang human liver cells was labeled in vitro with
      [35S]Met, [3H]GlcN, or [3H]Fuc, and the biosynthetic products were studied by SDS
      PAGE. Cells labeled with [35S]Met secreted a homogeneous 23K-24K alpha. In
      contrast, alpha secreted from cells labeled with [3H]GlcN and [3H]Fuc in the
      absence of glucose ("glucose-starved") was heterogeneous. This size heterogeneity
      was altered by glucose and by butyrate, but was little affected by dibutyryl
      adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate. In the presence of 0.56 mM (10 mg/dl) or 5.6 mM
      (100 mg/dl) glucose, or 2 mM butyrate, primarily the larger and presumably more
      highly glycosylated 24K-25K alpha was secreted. Moreover, the effect of 2 mM
      butyrate on the alpha secreted by "glucose-starved" cells was qualitatively and
      quantitatively similar to the effect of 0.56 mM glucose in the absence of
      butyrate. Likewise, 2 mM butyrate + 0.56 mM glucose was nearly equivalent to 5.6
      mM glucose alone. These results demonstrate a novel effect of butyrate on
      glycoprotein biosynthesis; it is the only agent, reported thus far, which has the
      same effects as Glc or Man on protein glycosylation in "glucose-starved" cells.

PMID- 6838601
TI  - Determination of active hydrogen content by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry following hydrogen-deuterium exchange.
AB  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry following hydrogen--deuterium exchange in
      [hydroxy-2H3]glycerol and 2H20 has been studied as a means of establishing active
      hydrogen content in molecules of unknown structure. Nucleotides, carbohydrates,
      one peptide and complex antibiotics, in the mass region to 1500 daltons and 29
      exchangeable hydrogens were examined, with a correct hydrogen count unambiguously
      measured in every case. The method is experimentally simple and applicable on a
      microgram scale, to salts and a variety of polar compounds of biological origin.

PMID- 6838602
TI  - Demonstration of a new glycopeptidase, from jack-bean meal, acting on
      aspartylglucosylamine linkages.
AB  - An enzyme preparation from jack-bean meal hydrolyzed beta-aspartylglucosylamine
      linkages in glycopeptides. The enzyme could release sialic acid-containing
      complex-type oligosaccharides as well as high-mannose-type and hybrid-type
      oligosaccharides. The products were equimolar amounts of ammonia, oligosaccharide
      and peptide. The enzyme cleaved glycopeptides with three or more amino acid
      residues, whereas it did not hydrolyze GlcNAc-Asn. The mechanism of action of the
      enzyme and substrate specificity so far tested were similar to those of the
      glycopeptidase from almonds.

PMID- 6838603
TI  - Insolubilization of hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoprotein in aerated carrot
      root slices.
AB  - The hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein of plant cell walls is secreted from the
      cytoplasm as a soluble monomer which slowly becomes insolubilized. A tyrosine
      derivative, isodityrosine, is formed in the cell wall during this
      insolubilization and could serve as a protein-protein crosslink. Glycoprotein
      insolubilization is inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors and free radical
      scavengers, the most effective of which is L-ascorbate. These data support a
      hypothesis that the hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoprotein forms a covalently
      crosslinked wall network under the control of an extracellular
      peroxidase/ascorbate oxidase system.

PMID- 6838604
TI  - A new chromatographic method for the fractionation of hyaluronic acid.
AB  - Sodium hyaluronate from rooster comb, umbilical cord, bovine vitreous and a
      special commercial hyaluronic acid preparation, "HealonR" have been fractionated
      at 4 degrees C on DEAE-Sephacel columns using salt gradients from 0 leads to 0.4M
      NaCl. All samples examined displayed a high degree of polydispersity. The number
      of well separated fractions observed in these chromatograms ranges from 10-30
      depending on the source of the material. A molecular weight distribution effect
      does not seem to be the main factor controlling this fractionation as no
      differences could be observed when the limiting viscosity numbers (eta) for
      numerous fractions isolated from the same sample were compared with each other.
      As no galactosamine, sulfate or phosphate is found directly linked to these
      fractions, it is suggested that disaggregation of an hyaluronate molecular
      aggregate could be the basis for this fractionation.

PMID- 6838605
TI  - Ferricyanide can replace pyruvate to stimulate growth and attachment of serum
      restricted human melanoma cells.
AB  - Addition of potassium ferricyanide to RPMI 1640 medium can stimulate cell
      attachment and replication, in a closely correlated fashion, of a human melanoma
      line when serum is a limiting growth factor. Ferricyanide is more effective than
      pyruvate on a molar basis but toxic effects at concentrations greater than 0.03mM
      limit its full potential. Since ferricyanide cannot itself provide nutrients for
      the cell and is extracellular but may be involved in transmembrane electron flow,
      it is suggested that its mechanism of action may be to provide energy for cell
      surface processes concerned with attachment and thus secondarily for replication.

PMID- 6838606
TI  - Properties of the increased glutathione S-transferase A form in rat preneoplastic
      hepatic lesions induced by chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase A form (GST-A) is increased markedly in rat
      preneoplastic hepatic lesions such as hyperplastic nodules induced by
      diethylnitrosamine followed by administration of N-2-fluorenylacetamide. GST-A
      was also significantly increased in livers of rats after short-term
      administration of some drugs. The increased activity and protein content of GST-A
      were demonstrated by CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography as well as by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following immuno-affinity column
      chromatography using antibody against GST-A. Immunologically, GST-A crossreacted
      strongly with GST-C, weakly with GST-C2, but not with ligandin, GST-B, or GST-AA.
      It was confirmed by subunit recombination that GST-C is a heterodimer composed of
      the subunits of homodimers, GST-A and GST-C2.

PMID- 6838607
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the unique 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-containing sequence
      from porcine thyroglobulin.
AB  - A unique T3-containing peptide was isolated by chemical and enzyme treatments
      from pTgb of different iodine contents and microsequenced: Leu-Ala-Ser-Lys-Ser
      T3. This site can also form T4 to a small extent. It contains all the T3 of the
      protein and presents a special susceptibility to proteolysis thus suggesting a
      likely mechanism to explain that the thyroid secretes T3 preferentially to T4 in
      vivo.

PMID- 6838609
TI  - Enhancement and depression by inosine of the growth inhibitory action of 5
      fluorouracil on cultured Jensen tumor cells.
AB  - Continuous exposure of Jensen tumor cells in vitro to 1 mM inosine following a 1
      hr exposure to 5-fluorouracil resulted in a 5-fold potentiation of growth
      inhibition. This effect was abolished by the simultaneous presence of 1 mM
      cytidine and was attributable to altered metabolic processing of drug anabolites
      after the uptake of 5-fluorouracil had ceased. In contrast, antagonism to 5
      fluorouracil was seen when the cells were exposed successively to 1 mM inosine
      for 1.5 hr and to 5-fluorouracil for 1 hr. In this case the inhibitory action of
      the drug was diminished by nearly one-half. Quantitation of the potentiation and
      antagonism was based upon growth delays measured from growth curves obtained by
      serial photomicrography.

PMID- 6838608
TI  - Inhibition of thrombin binding and serotonin secretion from platelets by a 74,000
      dalton protein.
AB  - A 74,000 dalton protein has been isolated from solubilized human platelet
      membranes by affinity chromatography with a nonagglutinating derivative of wheat
      germ agglutinin. The protein as well as the lectin derivative blocked platelet
      aggregation by thrombin while aggregation induced by several other agents was
      unchanged. This protein inhibited the binding of thrombin to platelets in a
      competitive manner. The secretion of serotonin from platelets by thrombin was
      also blocked by the protein. These effects of the protein were observed when
      platelets were suspended in either plasma or buffer. This protein may have
      functional significance in the activation of platelets by thrombin.

PMID- 6838610
TI  - Formation of monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from arachidonic acid by cultured
      rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - In addition to the well established cyclooxygenase pathway, cultured aortic
      smooth muscle cells convert arachidonic acid to several polar metabolites
      identified by high performance liquid chromatography and gaz chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
      and 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are the major products formed. These
      observations indicate that the rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells are a potential
      source of lipoxygenase products and raise the possibility that this pathway of
      arachidonic acid metabolism can influence the biological functions of arterial
      myocytes under normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 6838611
TI  - Alteration of adenylate cyclase activity by phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation.
AB  - Incubation of S49 cell membranes at 0 degree C resulted in a loss of adenylate
      cyclase activity, but addition of ATP and ATP regenerating system prevented the
      decrease of the activity. A non-phosphorylating analogue of ATP, adenyl-5'-yl
      imidodiphosphate, was less effective than ATP. Treatment of solubilized adenylate
      cyclase with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase caused the decrease of the
      activity. Membranes from cyc- S49 mutant cells, which are devoid of guanine
      nucleotide-binding protein, yielded the same results as membranes from S49 cells,
      indicating that the catalytic component is involved in the alteration of the
      enzyme activity by these treatments. These results suggest that phosphorylation
      and dephosphorylation of the catalytic component may regulate adenylate cyclase
      activity.

PMID- 6838612
TI  - An EXAFS study of jack bean urease, a nickel metalloenzyme.
AB  - EXAFS and XANES spectra have been recorded above the nickel K edge of urease and
      three model compounds. Preliminary results indicate that the local environment of
      the nickel ions in urease resemble most closely that of the nickel ions in the
      model compound [Ni(L)2(L*)1] (ClO4)1, where L is 1-n-propyl-2-alpha-hydroxybenzyl
      benzimidazole and L* is the deprotonated form.

PMID- 6838613
TI  - Accumulation of radiolabelled fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction of
      measles virus persistently infected BGM cells.
AB  - The effect of measles virus infection (acute and persistent) on fatty acid
      metabolism has been studied in BGM (African green monkey kidney) cells. In
      persistently infected cells, there was an increase in the incorporation of
      radiolabelled fatty acids into the neutral lipid fraction. Compared to uninfected
      cells, the increase was up to 2-fold for palmitic, stearic and oleic acids and 8
      14 fold for arachidonic acid. The lipid metabolism in measles virus acutely
      infected cells was unmodified. The radiolabelled fatty acids incorporated into
      the neutral lipids in persistently infected cells were principally associated
      with the triglyceride fraction. The implications of a virus- induced modification
      of lipid metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 6838614
TI  - Endogenous induction of epoxide hydrolase, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and
      glutathione-S-transferase in "responsive" C57Bl/6 mice and in "nonresponsive"
      DBA/2 mice during pregnancy.
AB  - Gestational changes in activity for three enzymes associated with different
      hepatic and pulmonary drug metabolizing systems were investigated in C57Bl/6 and
      DBA/2 mice: benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione-S
      transferase. The gestational profiles of hepatic and pulmonary benzo(a)pyrene
      hydrolase, and epoxide hydrolase were similar in both strains. In addition, we
      demonstrated higher endogenous stimulation of the three studied enzymic
      activities in C57Bl/6 mice. During the second moiety of pregnancy, temporal
      variations were observed: a peak of activity occurred between days 17 and 18 for
      lung and liver benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and at day 20 for epoxide hydrolase in
      both strains. Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase variations were similar in both
      strains. However, pulmonary glutathione-S-transferase increased gradually
      throughout pregnancy in C57Bl/6 mice, while a peak of glutathione-S-transferase
      activity occurred on day 18 of gestation in DBA/2 mice.

PMID- 6838615
TI  - Effect of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of vitamin B12 on glycinamide
      ribonucleotide transformylase and 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide transformylase.
AB  - Exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) in vivo is accompanied by oxidation of cob[I]
      alamin to the inactive cob[III]alamin [1]. There is loss of methionine synthetase
      activity [2] and evidence of depressed supply of single carbon units at the
      formate level of oxidation [3,4,5]. We measured the effect of inactivation of B12
      on the folate-dependent transformylases concerned in purine synthesis. After 24 h
      exposure to N2O there was a significant fall in glycinamide ribonucleotide
      transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2) and a significant increase in 5-amino-4-imidazole
      carboxamide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.3).

PMID- 6838617
TI  - Models for the conformational behaviour of angiotensin-II in acidic aqueous
      solutions.
AB  - Clustering analysis is applied to a sample of Angiotensin-II conformations
      obtained from a Monte-Carlo procedure. It is shown that 5 families of
      conformations can describe entirely the sample. Each family can be represented by
      a typical conformer. Two of these last models are predominant in the description
      of Angiotensin-II in acidic solutions. These theoretical models are in agreement
      with recent experimental results.

PMID- 6838616
TI  - Genetic and biochemical resolution of the chromophoric polypeptide of
      halorhodopsin.
AB  - Retinal-binding proteins in bacteriorhodopsin-deficient membranes of
      Halobacterium halobium have been separated on polyacrylamide gels after labeling
      with (3H)retinal. Four labeled polypeptides are observed: one at an Mr of 19,000,
      two distinct bands near 25,000, and one at 94,000. Comparing halorhodopsin
      containing and halorhodopsin-deficient mutants and using ion translocation
      measurements and flash spectroscopy to test for the photoactive retinal pigments,
      we show that the lower of the two radiolabeled bands at 25,000 is the retinal
      binding polypeptide of halorhodopsin. The identities of the other three
      polypeptides are not known, but one of them, probably the upper of the two 25,000
      bands, is likely to be s-rhodopsin.

PMID- 6838618
TI  - Failure of 2 Hydroxyestradiol to interact with dopamine inhibition of human
      prolactin secretion in vitro and with dopamine receptors of prolactin-secreting
      adenomas.
AB  - The ability of 2-Hydroxyestradiol, a catecholestrogen, and 17 beta Estradiol to
      interact with the dopamine inhibition of prolactin and with dopamine receptors
      has been tested on dispersed human prolactin-secreting cells obtained from ten
      pituitary adenomas. There is a 80% inhibition of prolactin secretion obtained by
      addition of dopamine in a superfusion system. This inhibition is not affected by
      preexposure to the steroids, or by their introduction into the perifusion medium.
      Moreover 2 Hydroxyestradiol and 17 beta Estradiol do not interact with the
      binding of 3H Domperidone to DA receptors.

PMID- 6838619
TI  - Transport of glutathione by renal basal-lateral membrane vesicles.
AB  - Transport of glutathione was studied in membrane vesicles derived from the basal
      lateral region of the plasma membrane of rat kidney proximal tubules. The
      integrity of the vesicle preparation was demonstrated by showing that vesicles
      were osmotically sensitive, with GSH uptake at equilibrium varying inversely with
      medium osmolality. Analysis of vesicle content by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography and competition experiments with glycine and cysteinylglycine
      confirmed that measured uptake of GSH represented transport of intact tripeptide
      rather than transport of degradation products. The initial rate of GSH uptake in
      the presence of either the sodium or potassium salt of the permeant thiocyanate
      anion showed that the uptake was sodium-dependent. This suggests that a GSH-Na+
      cotransport system exists in these membranes.

PMID- 6838620
TI  - Immunoblot detection of pyridoxal phosphate binding proteins in liver and
      hepatoma cytosolic extracts.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, highly selective for the 5'-phosphopyridoxyl group, can be
      used to detect cytosolic pyridoxal-5'-phosphate binding proteins by an immunoblot
      procedure. This technique, when applied to sodium borohydride-treated cytosolic
      extracts obtained from normal rat liver at various stages of development as well
      as several liver-derived Morris hepatomas, reveals patterns of pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate binding proteins that are characteristic of the various sources of
      cytosol. These findings suggest that there are developmental and tumor-specific
      requirements for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, the coenzymatically active form of
      vitamin B-6.

PMID- 6838621
TI  - The synthesis of the brain specific S100 protein in colcemid resistant mutants of
      rat glial cells.
AB  - We have isolated two colcemid-resistant mutant sublines, CMR (7A) and CMR (7B),
      from rat glial cells, C6, using multiple consecutive selections with increasing
      concentrations of colcemid. The mutant sublines show a decreased uptake of
      [3H]colchicine but have no apparent defect in the cytoplasmic binding of the
      drug. The synthesis of the brain-specific S100 protein is less sensitive to
      colcemid inhibition in the mutant cell lines than in parental C6 cells,
      suggesting that colcemid must enter the cell to inhibit S100 protein synthesis.

PMID- 6838622
TI  - Comparison of six rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes in formation of a
      reactive metabolite of acetaminophen.
AB  - This laboratory has recently reported the isolation of an ethanol-inducible form
      of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, designated isozyme 3a. In view of
      the reports of others that the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen is increased in
      ethanol-treated animals and the human alcoholic, we have determined the activity
      of the six available P-450 isozymes in the activation of the drug to give an
      intermediate which forms a conjugate with reduced glutathione. Isozymes 3a, 4,
      and 6, all of which are present in significant amounts in the liver microsomes
      from rabbits chronically administered ethanol, exhibited the highest activities
      in the reconstituted enzyme system, whereas isozymes 3b and 3c were 10- to 20
      fold less effective, and phenobarbital-inducible isozyme 2 was essentially
      inactive, even in the presence of cytochrome b5. The results obtained thus
      indicate that induction by ethanol of P-450 isozyme 3a (or a homologous enzyme in
      other species) may contribute to the toxicity of acetaminophen but that other
      cytochromes also play a significant role.

PMID- 6838623
TI  - Studies of oleate binding to rat liver plasma membranes.
AB  - The binding of [14C]oleate to rat liver plasma membranes was examined under
      various conditions in vitro. In protein free incubation mixtures binding was
      saturable, inhibited by excess cold oleate, virtually abolished by heat
      denaturation of the membranes, reversible by post-incubation with cold oleate or
      albumin, and pH and temperature dependent. When [14C]oleate was incubated in the
      presence of albumin or beta-lactoglobulin, the amount of membrane bound oleate
      was a function of the calculated free oleate concentration in the incubation
      mixture. Trypsin significantly inhibited binding. Further analysis suggests that
      membranes contain 10(15) high affinity (Kav = 2 x 10(8)M-1) oleate binding
      sites/mg protein.

PMID- 6838624
TI  - The role of lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of foreign compounds to liver
      cells.

PMID- 6838625
TI  - Bile salts facilitate the absorption of heparin from the intestine.
AB  - Heparin was absorbed through the rectal mucosa of rodents and primates only when
      administered in solutions containing sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate (DOC).
      The absorption of heparin was monitored by following the increase in plasma
      radioactivity after administration of [35S]heparin, and by measurement of its
      biological effects: plasma lipase activity and prolongation of partial
      thromboplastin time (PTT). Following administration of the same concn of heparin
      in solutions lacking bile salts, there was almost no radioactivity in the blood,
      no prolongation of PTT and no release of plasma lipase activity. The PTT effect
      was found to be a less sensitive test of heparin absorption than the plasma
      lipase activity.

PMID- 6838626
TI  - Studies on metabolism and toxicity of styrene--VI. Regioselectivity in
      glutathione S-conjugation and hydrolysis of racemic, R- and S-phenyloxiranes in
      rat liver.
AB  - Rat liver cytosol converted phenyloxirane enantiomers regioselectively to
      glutathione S-conjugates. R-(+)-Phenyloxirane was converted to S-(1-phenyl-2
      hydroxyethyl)glutathione (conjugate 1) and S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione
      (conjugate 2) (ratio 6.1:1), and S-(-)-phenyloxirane to conjugates 1 and 2 (ratio
      1:32). Racemic phenyloxirane was converted to conjugates 1 and 2 (ratio 1.8:1).
      The conjugates were separated by HPLC on an octadecylsilicone column and
      identified with synthetic specimens whose structures were assigned by 13C NMR
      spectrometry. R-(+)-, S-(-)- and racemic phenyloxiranes were hydrolyzed to R-(-)
      , S-(+)- and racemic phenylethanediols by microsomal epoxide hydrolase without
      inversion of absolute configurations of their benzylic carbons. R-(+)
      Phenyloxirane had much smaller Km and Vmax than the S-(-)-oxirane did. The R-(+)
      oxirane potentially inhibited the microsomal hydrolysis of the S-(-)-oxirane and
      was preferentially hydrolyzed when the racemic oxirane was used as the substrate.
      Microsomal monooxygenase oxidized styrene to R-(+)- and S-(-)-phenyloxiranes
      (ratio 1.3:1), and the ratio was little changed by the pretreatment of the animal
      with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and polychlorinated biphenyls.

PMID- 6838627
TI  - Interactions between acetylcholinesterase and tetra-N-alkylammonium ions.
AB  - A study of the mechanism of interaction of acetylcholinesterase with some simple
      tetra-N-alkyammonium ions has been made. Kinetic schemes have been proposed which
      are consistent with the experimental results observed in the enzyme-tetra-N
      alkylammonium system in the presence of substrate and in the presence of an
      organophosphorus inhibitor.

PMID- 6838628
TI  - Drug-induced surface potential changes of lipid vesicles and the role of calcium.
AB  - The effects of four different drugs with local anesthetic properties were
      investigated on the surface potential of phospholipid vesicles composed of
      electrostatically neutral lipids (phosphatidylcholine), negatively charged lipids
      (phosphatidylserine) and a mixture of acidic and neutral lipids (soy bean
      lipids). Propranolol, tetracaine, lidocaine and procaine decrease the negative
      surface potential of phosphatidylserine and soy bean liposomes and increase that
      of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The drugs interact with the liposomes in such a
      way that the protonated amine groups point towards the polar head groups of the
      phospholipids and the rest of the molecule is probably incorporated into the
      hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. The same sequence in drug activity
      normally measured in biological tissues (propranolol greater than tetracaine
      greater than lidocaine greater than procaine) is found for the surface potential
      change of the phospholipids. Calcium prevents the binding of the drugs to
      phosphatidylserine, especially the binding of lidocaine and procaine. Because of
      its high affinity for negative surface charges, Ca2+ chelates with
      phosphatidylserine and blocks the incorporation of the drug molecule. Vice versa,
      when incorporated into the liposomal bilayer, the drug blocks the interaction of
      calcium. These antagonistic effects are only observed in liposomes made from
      acidic phospholipids and not in those made from pure electrostatically neutral
      lipids like phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 6838629
TI  - Human kidney thiopurine methyltransferase. Purification and biochemical
      properties.
AB  - Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurines
      and thiopyrimidines. Human kidney TPMT was purified over 300-fold and its
      biochemical properties were determined. TPMT was "soluble" and had a molecular
      weight of approximately 36,000 daltons as estimated by gel filtration
      chromatography. The pH optimum of the purified TPMT was 6.7. "True" Km values for
      6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), the two cosubstrates
      for the reaction, were 0.30 mM and 2.7 microM respectively. "Apparent" Km values
      for 6-thioguanine and 2-thiouracil, two other methyl acceptor substrates, were
      0.55 and 2.0 mM respectively. Aliphatic thiol compounds were either poor
      substrates for TPMT or were not methylated. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine was a
      competitive inhibitor of TPMT when the varied substrate was SAM, and 6
      methylmercaptopurine was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to 6-MP.
      Purified TPMT was neither activated nor inhibited by 1 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+, but
      exposure to reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and ethacrynic acid that interact
      with sulfhydryl groups inactivated the enzyme. Tropolone inhibited TPMT with a Ki
      of approximately 0.85 mM. Finally, human kidney TPMT activity could be
      distinguished from human kidney thiol methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.9) activity on
      the basis of subcellular distribution, substrate specificity, kinetic
      characteristics and differential sensitivity to inhibitors.

PMID- 6838630
TI  - Changes in hepatic and intestinal cholesterol regulatory enzymes. The influence
      of metformin.
AB  - The effect of metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide) on the rate-limiting enzymes of
      cholesterol metabolism was observed. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
      (HMG-CoA reductase) and acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activities
      were estimated in hepatic microsomal and intestinal cell preparations from normal
      and alloxan-diabetic rats. Metformin administration had no effect on either
      hepatic enzyme. Intestinal ACAT activity was significantly decreased in the
      metformin-treated rats when compared with controls (P less than 0.001).
      Intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity was not significantly affected. Diabetic
      rats showed a significantly higher intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity when
      compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Intestinal ACAT activity in the
      diabetic group was similar to control values. Metformin administration to
      diabetic rats caused a marked decrease in both intestinal HMG-CoA reductase
      activity (P less than 0.001) and ACAT activity (P less than 0.002). It is
      concluded that the effect of metformin on the intestinal cholesterol enzyme
      system may be responsible for its cholesterol-lowering action.

PMID- 6838632
TI  - The effects of oestrogen administration on tryptophan metabolism in rats and in
      menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy.
AB  - The effects of the administration of oestrogens on the activity of hepatic
      tryptophan oxygenase have been assessed both directly (by measurement of enzyme
      activity in vitro) and indirectly (by measurement of urinary excretion of
      tryptophan metabolites) in rats, and indirectly in menopausal women receiving
      hormone replacement therapy. Intraperitoneal administration of 500 micrograms of
      oestradiol or ethinyl oestradiol/kg body wt had no effect on the activity of
      tryptophan oxygenase in homogenates of liver from mature (13-week-old) female
      rats. Both adrenalectomy and ovariectomy led to a reduction in the activity of
      tryptophan oxygenase in homogenates of liver from mature rats; again there was no
      effect of giving 500 micrograms of oestradiol/kg body wt by intraperitoneal
      injection. Intraperitoneal administration of 210 micrograms of oestrone
      sulphate/kg body wt for 1 or 2 days before killing, or its incorporation in the
      diet for up to 8 weeks at an equivalent dose rate, had no effect on the activity
      of tryptophan oxygenase in homogenates of liver from ovariectomized 6-14-week-old
      female rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 500 micrograms oestradiol/kg body
      wt to intact mature female rats together with 500 mg tryptophan/kg body wt caused
      a reduction in the urinary excretion of xanthurenic and kynurenic acids,
      kynurenine and N1-methyl nicotinamide. When peri- and post-menopausal women were
      treated with ethinyl oestradiol (20 micrograms/day) or piperazine oestrone
      sulphate (3 mg/day) for 3 months, there was an increase in the concn of
      tryptophan in plasma, with no change in the urinary excretion of xanthurenic and
      kynurenic acids and kynurenine. This study provides no evidence for the induction
      of tryptophan oxygenase by oestrogens in rats or human beings.

PMID- 6838631
TI  - The interaction of cimetidine with rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The binding of cimetidine to rat liver microsomes in M/15 phosphate buffer, pH
      7.9, has been investigated by difference spectroscopy and also by equilibrium
      partition studies, the latter method providing the more definitive
      characterization of the interaction in the pharmacologically relevant, low
      micromolar range of drug concn. In addition, the effect of cimetidine on the rate
      of dilution-induced displacement of [3H]cimetidine from rat liver microsomes has
      been used to justify consideration of the binding results in terms of two
      distinct and independent classes of microsomal site, governed by dissociation
      constants of 8.3 and 104 microM under the above conditions. By demonstrating
      unequivocally the existence of the stronger interaction, this investigation has
      provided an acceptable experimental basis for considering the undesired side
      effect of cimetidine in concomitant use with a number of other drugs to be the
      consequence of its inhibition of their monooxygenase-dependent metabolism.

PMID- 6838633
TI  - Drug metabolism and chemosensitization. Nitroimidazoles as inhibitors of drug
      metabolism.
AB  - The nitroimidazole misonidazole (MISO) and related compounds have been shown to
      enhance the response of tumours to cytotoxic agents, and often to improve their
      therapeutic indices. Previous experiments suggested inhibition of cytotoxic drug
      metabolism as a mechanism. We have now investigated the effects of MISO and
      related compounds on drug metabolism in mice, and the results can be summarised
      as follows. (1) MISO and related compounds inhibit drug-metabolising enzymes, as
      measured by pentobarbitone sleep-time and zoxazolamine paralysis-time. (2) Enzyme
      inhibition is primarily dependent on lipophilicity, with maximum inhibition
      exhibited by the most active chemosensitizers. (3) MISO significantly slowed the
      clearance of pentobarbitone, aminopyrine and the cytotoxic agent chlorambucil,
      but had no effect on renal function or protein binding. These data support the
      view that inhibition of cytotoxic drug metabolism may be an important factor in
      chemosensitization.

PMID- 6838634
TI  - Mitochondrial membrane modifications induced by adriamycin-mediated electron
      transport.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADM) was found to have a two-step mode of action on the cardiac
      mitochondrial membrane. (1) An interaction with cardiolipin (CL) resulted in the
      formation of an ADM-CL complex able to transfer electrons from NADH to cytochrome
      c (cyt.c) as well as coenzyme Q (CoQ). This complex formation stimulates an
      increased activity of NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase (complex I) and CoQ-cyt.c
      oxidoreductase (complex III). (2) Transfer of electrons through ADM resulted in
      the formation of a very strong complex between ADM and CL. This new complex is
      different and much stronger than the already known ADM-CL complex.

PMID- 6838635
TI  - Glucuronidation in the rat intestinal wall. Comparison of isolated mucosal cells,
      latent microsomes and activated microsomes.
AB  - Glucuronidation and sulphation of 1-naphthol and 7-hydroxycoumarin was studied in
      isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells and in microsomes prepared from these
      cells. In the isolated cells formation of 1-naphthol sulphate could not be
      detected. Sulphate conjugates of 7-hydroxycoumarin constitute a minor portion of
      total conjugates formed. Maximum glucuronidation rates for 1-naphthol and 7
      hydroxycoumarin do not differ significantly from each other (approximately 12.5
      nmoles/min X g intestine). The intestinal microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,
      prepared from isolated cells, could be activated in vitro by Triton X-100 and
      MgCl2. Activation increased both Kappm and Vmax for 1-naphthol; Kappm for UDP
      glucuronic acid was decreased by activation with MgCl2 but increased again by
      further addition of Triton X-100. In fully activated microsomes Kappm for 1
      naphthol was 69.7 +/- 13.9 microM and Vmax was 70.0 +/- 3.9 nmoles/min X mg
      microsomal protein; Kappm for UDP-glucuronic acid was 0.67 +/- 0.06 mM. The
      glucuronidation rate (expressed as nmoles/min X g intestine) in microsomes is
      substantially higher than in isolated cells. It appears that glucuronidation in
      intact cells is limited by factors other than the extracellular substrate concn.
      Both cellular uptake of the substrate and availability of UDP-glucuronic acid can
      play a significant role. It is concluded that isolated mucosal cells are more
      suitable for predicting intestinal first-pass metabolism of phenolic xenobiotics
      than intestinal microsomes, because cellular substrate uptake and cosubstrate
      availability appear to be important determinants of the maximum glucuronidation
      rate.

PMID- 6838637
TI  - Recovery of acetylcholinesterase forms in quail muscle cultures after
      intoxication with diisopropylfluorophosphate.
AB  - Studies of recovery of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) after inhibition
      by organophosphates (OPs) have been hampered by the low number of in vitro
      systems with large collagen-tailed forms of AChE characteristic of motor end
      plates. Pectoral muscle cultures from Japanese quail with high levels of a large
      20S form of AChE were used to study recovery of cells from acute treatment with
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), an irreversible AChE inhibitor. Low molecular
      weight AChE forms were synthesized more rapidly than the large 20S form following
      a 15-min treatment with 10(-4)M DFP. Most of the activities of the small forms,
      but only part of the activity of the 20S form, disappeared within 48 hr after
      cycloheximide was added to block protein synthesis. To the contrary, virtually
      all the activity of the 20S AChE that was newly synthesized after DFP treatment
      was lost within 24 hr after cycloheximide treatment. The results were generally
      consistent with the idea that the 20S AChE form is assembled inside the cell near
      to its surface and then is released to bind to its outside.

PMID- 6838636
TI  - Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-448-mediated oxidases by 3,3'
      dichlorobenzidine in the rat.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of the hepatocarcinogen 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
      (4,4'-diamino, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl) to adult male rats caused the induction of
      hepatic microsomal ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and p-nitrophenetole O-deethylase
      activities comparable in magnitudes to those induced by 3-methylcholanthrene;
      neither aniline hydroxylase nor aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was affected
      by the pretreatment. The induction was not accompanied by a significant increase
      in content of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450; however, a shift in the
      absorption maximum of the reduced + CO spectrum of the cytochrome to 448 nm and
      an increase in the ratio of the 455 nm:430 nm peaks of the reduced +
      ethylisocyanide spectrum of the hemoprotein was effected. Arylhydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity was stimulated 5-fold by dichlorobenzidine pretreatment in
      comparison with a 12-fold stimulation following 3-methylcholanthrene
      pretreatment. However, enzymically mediated covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to
      microsomal protein was greater in microsomes from dichlorobenzidine-pretreated
      rats than in those from methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. All of the
      dichlorobenzidine-induced enzymic activities were inhibited by alpha
      naphthoflavone but not by SKF-525A. Hepatic microsomes from dichlorobenzidine
      pretreated rats appeared to have a higher capacity for metabolizing
      dichlorobenzidine than those from untreated animals; both sets of microsomes
      elicited the Type II spectral change on combination with the compound, albeit
      with different binding affinities and capacities. The results show that
      dichlorobenzidine, although only a dihalogenated biphenyl derivative, is a potent
      inducer of cytochrome P-448.

PMID- 6838638
TI  - Progesterone receptor in cultured mouse fibroblast L-cells.

PMID- 6838639
TI  - Inhibition of a methotrexate-insensitive dihydrofolate reductase from L5178Y
      cells by substituted triazines and quinazolines.
AB  - Inhibition by a variety of substituted triazines and quinazolines of a
      methotrexate-insensitive form of dihydrofolate reductase from highly MTX
      resistant L5178Y mouse leukemia cells was examined. Some of these compounds were
      significantly more potent than MTX (up to 100-fold). Two triazenes, terminally
      substituted with benzenesulfonylfluoride residues, were approximately 30-fold
      more potent than MTX. Quinazoline analogs of folic acid with alterations in
      different parts of the molecule varied in their potencies as inhibitors. Although
      none of the compounds tested was as potent as MTX against MTX-sensitive
      dihydrofolate reductases, these studies show that some types of folate
      antagonists have increased specificity against this MTX-insensitive dihydrofolate
      reductase. This finding increases the likelihood that it may be possible to
      produce compounds with marked specificity for the insensitive reductase. Such
      compounds might have utility in antifolate combinations designed to overcome
      methotrexate resistance.

PMID- 6838640
TI  - On the mechanism of inhibition of dopamine receptors by fluphenazine.

PMID- 6838641
TI  - Anti-inflammatory factors in human synovial fluid.

PMID- 6838642
TI  - Disaturated phosphatidylcholine in the pulmonary airspaces of rats treated with
      chlorphentermine.

PMID- 6838643
TI  - Effects of the enantiomers of 5-hexyne-1,4-diamine on ODC, GAD and GABA-T
      activities in the rat.

PMID- 6838644
TI  - Formation of reactive naphthalene metabolites by target vs non-target tissue
      microsomes: methods for the separation of three glutathione adducts.

PMID- 6838645
TI  - Conversion of trifluoromethionine to a cross-linking agent by gamma
      cystathionase.

PMID- 6838646
TI  - Effect of xenobiotic estrogens and structurally related compounds on 2
      hydroxylation of estradiol and on other monooxygenase activities in rat liver.
AB  - Previous study demonstrated that the administration for several days of 1-(o
      chlorphenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (o,p'DDT) (estrogenic DDT
      derivative) or of tamoxifen (antiestrogen), but not of 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)
      1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'DDE) (nonestrogen), to ovariectomized female rats
      dramatically diminished the induction of uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by
      subsequently administered estradiol [W. H. Bulger and D. Kupfer, Archs Biochem,
      Biophys. 182, 138 (1977)]. The present investigation examines whether the
      inhibition of ODC induction by o,p'DDT and tamoxifen may have been due to
      enhanced hydroxylation of estradiol by the hepatic monooxygenase system.
      Additionally, the effects of other estrogenic and nonestrogenic xenobiotics on
      the major route of estradiol metabolism (2-hydroxylation) were examined.
      Treatment of ovariectomized (ovex) rats with o,p'DDT or p,p'DDE caused induction
      of hepatic estradiol-2-hydroxylation and increased demethylase activities of
      several substrates. Administration of Kepone (estrogenic) and Mirex
      (nonestrogenic), both inducers of hepatic monooxygenase, also increased 2
      hydroxylation of estradiol. For comparative purposes, the effects on estradiol-2
      hydroxylation of administration of classical estrogens (estradiol and
      diethylstilbestrol) and antiestrogen (tamoxifen) and inducers of monooxygenase
      activity (phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene) were also studied. Treatment of
      ovariectomized and adrenalectomized (ovex/adx) or intact female rats with
      estradiol or ovex/adx animals with diethylstilbestrol had no effect on estradiol
      2-hydroxylation. Similarly, tamoxifen did not alter the rate of estradiol-2
      hydroxylation. The treatment of ovex/adx rats with 3-methylcholanthrene did not
      affect the rate of estradiol-2-hydroxylation. By contrast, ovex/adx female or
      intact male rats treated with phenobarbital exhibited induction of estradiol-2
      hydroxylase activity. In the above studies only 2-hydroxyestradiol was found;
      there was no evidence for the formation of primary metabolites hydroxylated at
      other sites on estradiol. The current findings exclude the possibility that the
      previously observed inhibition of estradiol-mediated induction of ODC by
      pretreatment with o,p'DDT or tamoxifen (see article cited above) was due to
      enhanced hydroxylation of estradiol by liver monooxygenases. Also, it was
      concluded that there is no correlation between the ability to induce hepatic
      microsomal estradiol-2-hydroxylase activity and estrogenic (or antiestrogenic)
      properties of a given compound.

PMID- 6838647
TI  - Study of anaesthetic agents for their ability to elicit porphyrin biosynthesis in
      chick embryo liver.
AB  - Effects of some anaesthetic drugs on the activity of delta-aminolevulinate
      synthetase and on the formation of porphyrins and cytochrome P-450 were studied
      in 18-day-old chick embryo livers in ovo. The drugs were either tested alone or
      with a small dose of 1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxycollidine, which reproduces in
      the embryo liver a partial block in the heme biosynthesis pathway similar to that
      found in cells of human patients with porphyrias. Two series of local
      anaesthetics were tested: procaine and its derivatives (proxymetacaine,
      oxybuprocaine, butacaine and tetracaine) had no (or very slight) porphyrogenic
      effects. In contrast, lidocaine and its derivatives (bupivacaine, mepivacaine,
      etidocaine, pyrrocaine and prilocaine) were found to induce delta-aminolevulinate
      synthetase and to cause accumulation of porphyrins and cytochrome P-450. Some
      other drugs used in anaesthesiology were tested: fentanyl, morphine, sodium
      oxybate, pancuronium, pethidine and phenoperidine were found to be non
      porphyrogenic; alcuronium was a slight inducer. It is suggested that the inducing
      drugs should be avoided in patients with hepatic porphyrias.

PMID- 6838648
TI  - Differences in the reactions of isomeric ortho- and para-aminophenols with
      hemoglobin.
AB  - The metabolites of phenacetin, 2-hydroxyphenetidine and 4-nitrosophenetol,
      rapidly produced ferrihemoglobin both in vivo (dogs) and in vitro. At low concns,
      2-hydroxyphenetidine was superior to 4-nitrosophenetol in ferrihemoglobin
      formation. The kinetics of ferrihemoglobin formation by 2-hydroxyphenetidine in
      solutions of purified human hemoglobin was biphasic and exhibited an unusual dose
      response. Similar to p-aminophenols, 2-hydroxyphenetidine was oxidized by
      oxyhemoglobin, and the oxidation product(s) were reduced by ferrohemoglobin with
      the formation of ferrihemoglobin. In addition, these oxidation products condensed
      to 2-amino-7-ethoxy-3H-phenoxazine-3-one (u.v., i.r., 1H-NMR and mass
      spectroscopy). This metabolite produced ferrihemoglobin by itself and was
      responsible for the slow phase of ferrihemoglobin formation observed with 2
      hydroxyphenetidine. This condensation reaction, which was also observed with 2
      aminophenol, prevented thioether formation of the transient o-quinonimines with
      the cysteine residues of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione as observed with 4
      aminophenol and 4-dimethylaminophenol. Phenoxazone formation, which depends on
      the square of the o-quinonimine concn, was negligible at micromolar concns. At
      similar concns addition reactions to thiols prevailed also with 2
      hydroxyphenetidine and 2-aminophenol. Other electrophilic reactions, e.g. with
      primary amino groups of amino acids, were insignificant. These dose-dependent
      differences in the reactions of isomeric aminophenols may explain the low
      nephrotoxicity of those o-aminophenols capable of forming phenoxazones when given
      in a single dose. This self-detoxication of some o-quinonimines, however, should
      not function during long-term exposure to repetitive low doses of such o
      aminophenols.

PMID- 6838649
TI  - Reactions of the nitroso analogue of chloramphenicol with reduced glutathione.
AB  - Nitroso-chloramphenicol (NOCAP) was synthetized by reduction of chloramphenicol
      (CAP) with zinc dust in a modification of the procedure published by Corbett and
      Chipko. The radioactive derivative was similarly prepared from [dichloroacetamido
      1-14C]CAP. NOCAP rapidly reacted with GSH with the formation of hydroxylamino
      chloramphenicol (NHOHCAP), D-(-)-threo-1-(p-hydroxylaminophenyl)-2
      dichloroacetamido-1,3-propanediol and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). In addition,
      a hydrophilic sulfinamide was formed (GSONHCAP), D-(-)-threo-1-(p
      glutathionesulfinamidophenyl)-2-dichloroacetamido-1, 3-propanediol. Free amino
      chloramphenicol (NH2CAP), D-(-)-threo-1-(p-aminophenyl)-2-dichloracetamido-1,3
      propanediol, was not detected. The proportion of NHOHCAP formed increased with
      increasing GSH concn, at the expense of GSONHCAP. Analysis by stopped-flow
      spectroscopy revealed formation of a labile adduct in the reaction of NOCAP with
      GSH (k = 5500 M-1 sec-1 at 37 degrees, pH 7.4). This reaction was reversible
      because nearly all NOCAP could be extracted with ether from the labile
      intermediate. The equilibrium adduct/NOCAP was dependent on GSH concn (K = 4500 M
      1 at 37 degrees, pH 7.4). The labile intermediate either isomerized to the
      sulfinamide, GSONHCAP (favoured by decreasing pH at constant GSH), or it was
      thiolytically cleaved by another GSH molecule to NHOHCAP and GSSG (favoured by
      increasing GSH at constant pH). At acid pH, GSONHCAP readily hydrolyzed to NH2CAP
      and glutathionesulfinic acid. Thus, NOCAP reacts with thiols similar to
      nitrosobenzene. A scheme is presented for the proposed reaction mechanism. It is
      concluded that most of the NOCAP, if formed in the intestine or liver, will be
      rapidly disposed by reactions with GSH. Hence, toxic concns at the sensitive
      target, i.e. the bone marrow, may usually be prevented.

PMID- 6838651
TI  - Identification and properties of the cell membrane bound leucine aminopeptidase
      interacting with the potential immunostimulant and chemotherapeutic agent
      bestatin.
AB  - Bestatin was found to be a competitive inhibitor (with respect to the Leu-NA
      substrate) not only of the isolated microsomal and cytosolic leucine
      aminopeptidases (Leu-APm and Leu-APc) but also of the aminopeptidases (APs)
      present in membrane preparations (from mouse liver) and on the cell surface of
      L5178Y cells. Kinetic parameters indicate that cellular AP is identical to Leu
      APm. To rule out the possibility that AP-B is involved in the inhibition
      reactions, comparable studies with amastatin were performed. Electrophoretical
      studies revealed the solubilized cell membrane bound AP to co-migrate with Leu
      APm in polyacrylamide gels. The activity of the separated membrane AP was
      inhibited by bestatin in situ. The cell membrane bound AP activity was found to
      be lowest in lymphocytes, higher in tumor cells and highest in bone marrow cells
      and macrophages. Using synchronized L5178Y cells, the AP activity changes during
      the cell division cycle; the lowest activity was determined during the G1-phase
      and 35% higher values were measured during the S/G2-phase. The fluctuation of the
      cell surface associated AP activity parallels with changes in the number of
      binding sites for bestatin.

PMID- 6838652
TI  - Interaction of methotrexate metabolites with beef liver dihydrofolate reductase
      I. Binary complex study.
AB  - In order to explain the difference of inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR) by methotrexate (MTX) and its metabolites 7-hydroxymethotrexate [7OH
      (MTX)] and polyglutamate derivatives [MTX (G1) and MTX (G2)], direct
      determinations of binding parameters to beef liver DHFR were performed.
      Association constants are calculated by fluorescence titrations and thermodynamic
      parameters by microcalorimetric measurements. The parameters of interaction are
      nearly identical for MTX and polyglutamate derivatives but are different for MTX
      and 7OH (MTX). For this last derivative electrostatic forces are less predominant
      and a larger modification of its conformation appears in the enzyme during the
      complex formation.

PMID- 6838650
TI  - Uptake and cytofluorescence localization of ellipticine derivatives in sensitive
      and resistant Chinese hamster lung cells.
AB  - Uptake of two ellipticine derivatives, 2-N-methyl-ellipticinium (NME) and 2-N
      methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticinium, by sensitive and resistant Chinese hamster lung
      cells was studied. The results show that uptake and retention of these molecules
      by both types of cells were identical, thus indicating that the resistance to
      ellipticines, in this system, is not related to an impaired permeability of the
      cells to the drugs. However, influx and efflux kinetics, as well as experiments
      at increasing external concns, showed that both drugs accumulate within the cells
      in different ways. A cellular overconcentration of the drugs, which does not
      require an energy-dependent process, is observed. Fluorescence microscopy showed
      that, in both sensitive and resistant cells, NME is mainly, if not entirely,
      located in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 6838653
TI  - Effects of erythromycin on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans.
AB  - In rats, erythromycin has been shown to induce microsomal enzymes and to promote
      its own transformation into a metabolite which forms an inactive complex with
      reduced cytochrome P-450. To determine whether similar effects also occur in
      humans, we studied hepatic microsomal enzymes from six untreated patients and six
      patients treated with erythromycin propionate, 2 g per os daily for 7 days. In
      the treated patients, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was increased; the
      total cytochrome P-450 concn was also increased but part of the total cytochrome
      P-450 was complexed by an erythromycin metabolite. The concn of uncomplexed
      (active) cytochrome P-450 was not significantly modified and the activity of
      hexobarbital hydroxylase remained unchanged. We also measured the clearance of
      antipyrine in six other patients; this clearance was not significantly decreased
      when measured again on the seventh day of the erythromycin propionate treatment.
      We conclude that the administration of erythromycin propionate induces microsomal
      enzymes and results in the formation of an inactive cytochrome P-450-metabolite
      complex in humans. However, the concn of uncomplexed (active) cytochrome P-450
      and tests for in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism were not significantly
      modified.

PMID- 6838654
TI  - Dopaminergic effects of buspirone, a novel anxiolytic agent.
AB  - The novel anxiolytic drug buspirone raised striatal levels of the dopamine
      metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) 1 hr
      after oral administration. This effect was dose-dependent with a peak at 60 min.
      No changes were observed in the levels of 3-methoxytyramine (3MT), the
      extraneuronal metabolite of dopamine. Noradrenaline, serotonin and its metabolite
      5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were not affected. Buspirone displaced
      [3H]spiroperidol from striatal binding sites, with an IC50 (1.8 x 10(-7) M),
      comparable to that of clozapine (IC50 = 1.4 x 10(-7) M) but considerably lower
      than that of haloperidol (4.7 x 10(-9) M). Buspirone was only a weak inhibitor of
      dopamine-stimulated adenyl cyclase. Buspirone was not active on the binding of
      trifluoperazine to calmodulin and did not modify calmodulin-induced activation of
      phosphodiesterase (PDE). Repeated administration of buspirone did not increase
      the number of DA receptors. These data show that, although buspirone has
      antidopaminergic activity, it can hardly be classified as a classic neuroleptic
      agent.

PMID- 6838655
TI  - 4-aminobutyric acid methyl ester hydrochloride, a precursor of 4-aminobutyric
      acid.
AB  - 4-Aminobutyric methyl ester hydrochloride (GME) is able to cross the blood-brain
      barrier after intracardiac administration to the rat. GME has an LD50 of 1300
      mg/kg in mice and 950 mg/kg in rats, exhibits an antiaggressive effect and is
      able to decrease isoniazid-induced convulsions in the rat. GME is hydrolyzed to 4
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) by brain homogenates, acts as an inhibitor of GABA
      binding to crude synaptic plasma membranes, activates the release and inhibits
      the uptake of GABA by rat synaptosomes and acts as a competitive inhibitor of the
      so-called GABAse system in vitro.

PMID- 6838656
TI  - Effect of chlorpromazine on hepatic transport of indocyanine green in rats.
AB  - The effect of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) on the hepatic transport of
      indocyanine green (ICG) was studied in the rat, in an attempt to elucidate the
      mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of CPZ in vivo, by comparing the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of ICG after bolus and chronic administration of CPZ. Delays were
      shown in both plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of ICG in the CPZ
      treated rats (10 and 15 mg/kg intraportal bolus administration). Significant
      decreases were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters, V2 and total body
      clearance (CLtot) in CPZ 10 mg/kg treated rats and k34, V2 and CLtot in CPZ 15
      mg/kg treated rats, while a significant increase was observed in k21 in both CPZ
      treated groups; V1 was not altered. The apparent liver-to-plasma concentration
      ratio (Kp,app) of ICG at 50 min after i.v. administration was decreased
      significantly in CPZ 15 mg/kg treated rats when compared to control rats,
      suggesting an alteration in the distribution of ICG to the liver by CPZ. Bile
      flow rates decreased immediately after bolus intraportal administration of CPZ in
      both CPZ-treated groups, and they then returned progressively to the basal
      levels. The output of bile acids was also inhibited by CPZ in a time-dependent
      and reversible manner and the bile acid independent fraction of bile flow was
      decreased significantly in both CPZ-treated groups. Chronic treatment with CPZ
      (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p., per day for 3 weeks) did not alter either the
      pharmacokinetic parameters or the bile secretion profile of ICG, although there
      were significant decreases in body and liver weights in CPZ-treated groups. This
      may have been due to the rapid metabolism and excretion of CPZ in the rat when
      compared to humans. It is proposed that the acute toxic effect of CPZ on hepatic
      transport of ICG in the rat may be due mainly to the time-dependent and
      reversible cholestasis induced by CPZ, and that chronic treatment with CPZ may
      not alter the hepatic transport of ICG in the rat.

PMID- 6838657
TI  - Delayed biochemical effects of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in rat liver and brain.

PMID- 6838658
TI  - Enhanced serum binding of propranolol and oxprenolol and microsomal enzyme
      induction by rifampicin in the dog.

PMID- 6838659
TI  - Effects of hypolipidemic drugs on hepatic CoA.

PMID- 6838660
TI  - In vitro hemolysis of rat erythrocytes by selenium compounds.
AB  - Rat erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with various selenium compounds at 37
      degrees. Hemolysis occurred with some selenium compounds but not with
      corresponding sulfur analogues. Selenite induced more rapid loss of intracellular
      glutathione (GSH) than did selenocystine but was less hemolytic. Cystine caused
      neither loss of intracellular GSH nor hemolysis. Addition of GSH to the
      incubation medium enhanced hemolysis by selenite and selenium dioxide but
      inhibited hemolysis by selenocystine. Inclusion of glucose in the incubation
      medium also inhibited selenocystine-induced lysis of erythrocytes from both
      selenium-supplemented rats and selenium-deficient rats. The results suggest a
      relationship between the oxidation of intracellular GSH and the hemolysis by
      selenocystine, selenite and selenium dioxide.

PMID- 6838661
TI  - Kinetic properties and inhibition of Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase.
AB  - Kinetic parameters, substrate specificity and exclusivity of ligands at binding
      sites of L-glutaminase-L-asparaginase purified from Acinetobacter
      glutaminasificans were studied in order to gain knowledge about the dual
      activities of this enzyme and its inhibition by structural analogs. Both L
      glutamine and L-asparagine, which showed similar Km (4 approximately 7 X 10(-5)
      M) and Vmax (molecular activity 1.0 min-1) values, were competitive with each
      other for the substrate binding site. The products, L-glutamic acid and L
      aspartic acid, showed competitive inhibition with respect to either L-glutamine
      or L-asparagine as substrates. Multiple inhibition of the glutaminase activity by
      L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid indicated that these ligands are mutually
      exclusive at the product-releasing site. The initial rates of both of the
      enzyme's activities were competitively inhibited by the following inhibitors (in
      rates of both of the enzyme's activities were competitively inhibited by the
      following inhibitors (in decreasing order of activity): 6-diazo-5-oxo-L
      norleucine (DON), L-methionine sulfoximine, azaserine, and Acivicin. DON and
      azaserine inhibited both the asparaginase and glutaminase activities in a time
      dependent and irreversible manner. The kinetic data suggest an ordered mechanism
      with glutamine or asparagine as the first substrate and glutamic acid or aspartic
      acid, respectively, as the last product. These results also suggest that a single
      mechanism and a single set of binding sites are responsible for catalyzing both
      of the enzyme's activities. The data also showed that succinylated enzyme, which
      has a 10-fold increase of plasma half-life in animals and humans and, thus, has
      benefit as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, retained its catalytic activity and
      maintained Km and Vmax values similar to the native enzyme.

PMID- 6838662
TI  - Glucocorticoid induction of tryptophan oxygenase. Attenuation by intragastrically
      administered carbohydrates and metabolites.
AB  - In vivo tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TPO) activity in male rats was estimated from
      the rate of production of 14CO2 after intragastric administration of [14C
      2]tryptophan. The synthetic glucocorticoids hydrocortisone-21-sodium succinate or
      Triamcinolone acetonide were injected to elevate hepatic TPO activity on an acute
      (1-6 hr) or chronic (24 hr) basis. Glucose, fructose, or glycerol was
      intragastrically intubated in doses ranging from 4 to 16 mmoles to assess their
      abilities to attenuate acute or chronic increases of TPO activity by these
      glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone-21-sodium succinate at doses of 0, 25, and 50
      mg/kg produced dose-dependent elevations of TPO. A 50 mg/kg dose produced a 3
      fold elevation of enzyme activity when measured in vitro as product produced by
      liver homogenates and a 2-fold elevation when assessed from expired radioactive
      carbon dioxide from radiolabeled tryptophan in vivo. Enzyme activity measured by
      14CO2 production reached peak values in 2-3 hr and returned to baseline in 5 hr.
      Glucose, fructose or glycerol completely prevented the rise in conversion of [14C
      2]tryptophan produced by hydrocortisone hemisuccinate when administered at doses
      of 12 or 16 mmoles 0.5 hr before the steroid. Lower doses had less effect. The
      potencies of the compounds in inhibiting acute increases in TPO activity produced
      by hydrocortisone hemisuccinate were in the order glycerol greater than fructose
      greater than glucose. Chronic Triamcinolone treatment elevated in vivo TPO
      activity by 2.5-fold and in vitro TPO activity by 5-fold. The chronic elevation
      of in vivo TPO by Triamcinolone could be arrested within 1 hr by an intragastric
      fructose load. The present finding, that acute or chronic glucocorticoid-induced
      increases in in vivo TPO activity were rapidly blocked by intragastric
      carbohydrate loads, is consistent with the view that dietary carbohydrates
      modulate hepatic TPO activity via feedback repression and not by a cessation of
      TPO enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 6838663
TI  - Selectivity of 1-phenylimidazole as a ligand for cytochrome P-450 and as an
      inhibitor of microsomal oxidation.
AB  - Equilibrium dialysis studies established that 1-[4'-(3H)-phenyl]imidazole (PI)
      was bound to hepatic microsomal suspensions from control, phenobarbital (PB)- and
      3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)-treated rats and that the binding was directly related
      to the cytochrome P-450 content. Computer-assisted Scatchard plot analysis of the
      binding data indicated the existence of two major types of microsomal binding
      sites in both control and induced rats, one with a high affinity (Ka
      approximately 1.5 X 10(7) M-1) and the other with a low affinity (Ka
      approximately 5 X 10(5) M-1) for PI. The binding of PI to the highly purified,
      individual cytochrome P-450s that constituted the major forms from the PB- and
      beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF)-induced rats exhibited affinities similar to the
      high and low affinity binding sites observed in microsomal suspensions. The two
      types of PI binding sites were characteristic of two classes of cytochrome P-450,
      and the major cytochrome induced by PB and 3MC (or beta NF) were each associated
      with one of these two classes. In concurrence with this, it was shown that,
      although PI was an excellent inhibitor of aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)
      activity in PB-induced rats, it exhibited little or no inhibitory activity
      towards AHH activity in 3MC-induced animals.

PMID- 6838665
TI  - The influence of electric field exposure on bone growth and fracture repair in
      rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed to a 60-Hz electric field at an unperturbed field strength of
      100 kV/m to determine its affect on bone growth and fracture repair. Exposure of
      immature male and female rats for 20 h/day for 30 days did not alter growth rate,
      cortical bone area, or medullary cavity area of the tibia. In another experiment,
      midfibular osteotomies were performed and the juvenile rats were exposed at 100
      kV/m for 14 days. Evaluation by resistance to deformation and breaking strength
      indicated that fracture repair was not as advanced in the exposed animals as in
      the sham-exposed animals. In another experiment measurements of resistance to
      deformation were made in adult rats at 16, 20, and 26 days after osteotomy.
      Fracture repair was slower in exposed compared to control animals at day 20 and,
      to a lesser extent, at day 16, but not at day 26.

PMID- 6838664
TI  - Cardiovascular alterations in Macaca monkeys exposed to stationary magnetic
      fields: experimental observations and theoretical analysis.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements were made of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the
      intraarterial blood pressure of adult male Macaca monkeys during acute exposures
      to homogeneous stationary magnetic fields ranging in strength up to 1.5 tesla. An
      instantaneous, field strength-dependent increase in the ECG signal amplitude at
      the locus of the T wave was observed in fields greater than 0.1 tesla. The
      temporal sequence of this signal in the ECG record and its reversibility
      following termination of the magnetic field exposure are consistent with an
      earlier suggestion that it arises from a magnetically induced aortic blood flow
      potential superimposed on the native T-wave signal. No measurable alterations in
      blood pressure resulted from exposure to fields up to 1.5 tesla. This
      experimental finding is in agreement with theoretical calculations of the
      magnetohydrodynamic effect on blood flow in the major arteries of the
      cardiovascular system.

PMID- 6838666
TI  - Influence of in vitro microwave radiation on the fertilizing capacity of turkey
      sperm.
AB  - Turkey sperm were exposed to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation in a temperature
      controlled wave-guide apparatus. Temperature was maintained at either 25 or 40.5
      degrees C. The sperm were exposed for 30 min at a specific absorption rate (SAR)
      of 10 or 50 mW/g. Following irradiation, the sperm were used to inseminate virgin
      turkey hens artificially. During the 9 weeks following the single insemination,
      the following were assessed: mean number of eggs, percentage of fertile eggs,
      rate of decrease in egg fertility, percentage of hatched eggs, and percentage of
      early and late deaths. These data demonstrate that, for the conditions used in
      these experiments, microwave radiation has no effect on the fertilizing capacity
      of turkey sperm.

PMID- 6838667
TI  - Quantitative changes in potassium, sodium, and calcium in the submaxillary
      salivary gland and blood serum of rats exposed to 2880-MHz microwave radiation.
AB  - Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations in the blood serum and submaxillary salivary
      gland (SSG) were investigated in adult, male rats exposed to 2880-MHz microwaves
      modulated with 1.5-mus pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz or in a
      hyperthermal environment. Rats were exposed, one at a time, for 30 min to
      microwaves producing a specific absorption rate (SAR) of: 4.2, 6.3, 6.8, 8.4,
      10.8, or 12.6 W/kg, or were sham exposed under similar environmental conditions.
      In a second series, one group of rats was exposed singly for 15, 30, or 60 min to
      microwaves producing an SAR of 9.5 W/kg and other rats were exposed for similar
      periods at 40 degrees C; and 10 rats were sham exposed. Flame photometric
      analysis indicated that the thresholds of microwave radiation required to induce
      a change in Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations in the salivary glands are 6.8, 6.8,
      and 6.3 W/kg, respectively. The directions of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ion shifts in
      exposed rats' salivary glands are similar, whether affected by microwaves or
      hyperthermia. Greater changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations in SSG of rats exposed
      to microwaves for 15 and 30 min were found than in those exposed at 40 degrees C.
      On the other hand, exposure to hyperthermia at 40 degrees C or to microwaves for
      1 h caused Na+ concentration to be increased by 68.7 and 59.5% and K+
      concentration to be decreased by 29.6 and 21.7%, respectively.

PMID- 6838668
TI  - Chronic exposure of rabbits to 0.5 and 5 mW/cm2 2450-MHz CW microwave radiation.
AB  - Two groups of 16 male New Zealand rabbits were exposed to 2450-MHz continuous
      wave microwave fields in two experiments of 90 days each. The incident power
      densities of the first and second experiment were 0.5 and 5 mW/cm2, respectively.
      During each study, 16 animals were adapted to a miniature anechoic chamber
      exposure system for at least 2 weeks, then 8 of them were exposed for 7 h daily,
      5 days a week for 13 weeks, and the other 8 animals were sham exposed. The
      rabbits were placed in acrylic cages, and each was exposed from the top in an
      individual miniature anechoic chamber. Thermography showed a maximum specific
      absorption rate of 5.5 W/kg in the head and 7 W/kg in the back at 5-mW/cm2
      incident power density. After each 7-h exposure session, the animals were
      returned to their home cages. Food consumption in the exposure chamber and body
      mass were measured daily. Blood samples were taken before exposure and monthly
      thereafter for hematological, morphological, chemical, protein electrophoresis,
      and lymphocyte blast transformation studies. Eyes were examined for cataract
      formation. Finally, pathological examinations of 28 specimens of organs and
      tissues of each rabbit were performed. Statistically, there was a significant (P
      less than .01) decrease only of food consumption during the 5-mW/cm2 exposure;
      other variables were not significantly different between exposed and control
      groups.

PMID- 6838669
TI  - Hematologic and serum chemistry studies in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields.
AB  - Numerous hematologic and serum chemistry variables were examined in rats exposed
      to unperturbed 60-Hz electric fields at 100 kV/m for 15, 30, 60, or 120 days.
      Each study was replicated once. Rigorous statistical evaluations of these data
      did not detect any consistent effect of the electric field for exposures of up to
      120 days. It was, however, not unusual in any individual study to detect certain
      variables that were significantly different between the exposed and sham-exposed
      animals. This emphasizes the need for replicate designs and appropriate
      statistical analyses when investigating chemical or physical insults that may
      have minimal influence on biologic function.

PMID- 6838670
TI  - Reproductive hazards among workers at high voltage substations.
AB  - A retrospective study on reproductive hazards was performed among 542 employees
      at Swedish power plants. Questionnaires were answered by 89% of the employees.
      Data on pregnancies were checked by studying hospital case records. There was a
      statistically significant, decreased frequency of "normal" pregnancy outcome,
      almost exclusively due to an increased frequency of congenital malformations,
      when the father was a high-voltage switchyard worker. The differences in
      pregnancy outcome could not be explained by any of the confounding factors
      analyzed. The total number of children with malformations (26) and the total
      number of pregnancies in this study, however, were very small.

PMID- 6838672
TI  - Morphologic observations in the early phase of the cartilage-pannus junction.
      Light and electron microscopic studies of active cellular pannus.
AB  - The early phase of cartilage destruction by active cellular pannus in rheumatoid
      joints was observed under light and electron microscopy. In the early phase of
      pannus formation, cartilage was covered by several layers of fibroblast-like
      cells. This was also the case at the advancing edge of the pannus. Invasion of
      the cartilage by macrophage-like cells has been observed to start beneath this
      layer. Observations under electron microscope demonstrated that the main cells
      participating in the cartilage destruction at the cartilage-pannus junction were
      either fibroblast-like or macrophage-like cells, and suggested the possibility
      that these two types of cells were derived from synovial type A and type B cells.
      Morphologic observations also suggested a possibility of transformation of the
      fibroblast-like cell into the macrophage-like cell at the cartilage-pannus
      junction.

PMID- 6838671
TI  - Diet therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Although diet therapy for arthritis has received considerable publicity, there is
      little objective information about its efficacy. We undertook a 10-week,
      controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of patients with active rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Twenty-six patients completed the study; 11 were on an
      experimental diet (a specific popular diet free of additives, preservatives,
      fruit, red meat, herbs, and dairy products) and 15 were on a "placebo" diet. Of
      183 variables analyzed, there were no clinically important differences among
      rheumatologic, laboratory, immunologic, radiologic, or nutritional findings
      between patients on experimental and placebo diets. Six RA patients on the
      placebo and 5 on the experimental diet improved by objective criteria.
      Improvement averaged 29% for patients on placebo and 32% for patients on
      experimental diets. Two patients on the experimental diet improved notably,
      elected to remain on the experimental diet following the study period, have
      continued to improve, and noted exacerbations of disease upon consuming
      nonexperimental diet foods. Our study failed to provide evidence of objective
      overall clinical benefit of this diet as followed by a group of patients with
      longstanding, progressive, active RA. However, our data are not inconsistent with
      the possibility that individualized dietary manipulations might be beneficial for
      selected patients with rheumatic disease.

PMID- 6838673
TI  - Clinical and serologic study of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with progressive
      systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were evaluated
      clinically and by biopsy of the minor salivary glands of the lips for the
      presence of Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical findings included dry eyes in 38%, dry
      mouth in 32%, parotid enlargement in 4%, and an abnormal Schirmer's test in 34%.
      Histologic changes in lip biopsies included lymphocytic infiltrates
      characteristic of Sjogren's syndrome in 17 individuals (29%). In 19 (33%) there
      was periglandular and intraglandular fibrosis (PSS-fibrosis) without significant
      inflammation, an alteration characteristic of PSS per se. In the remaining 22
      patients (38%) with PSS, no abnormality was found. Of those with PSS and
      Sjogren's syndrome, 53% had serum antibodies to SS-A and/or SS-B, while only 1
      patient with a normal biopsy had either of these antibodies. Anti-SS-A and anti
      SS-B were not detected in patients with glandular fibrosis alone. The mortality
      rate of the PSS-fibrosis group was higher due to a variety of severe internal
      manifestations related to PSS. Antibodies to SS-A and SS-B are useful serologic
      markers of the presence of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with PSS.

PMID- 6838674
TI  - Connective tissue activation. XXV. Regulation of proteoglycan synthesis in human
      synovial cells.
AB  - In this study, virtually all sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesized and
      secreted by human synovial cells, both normal and rheumatoid, was detected in the
      form of proteoglycans of monomeric size. Enzyme hydrolysis studies that were
      performed demonstrated dermatan sulfate to be the dominant GAG in the
      proteoglycan, with lesser amounts of chondroitin 4/6 sulfate. Exposure to beta
      xyloside, used as a false "core protein," resulted in marked enhancement of GAG
      chain formation, suggesting that the synthesis of the sulfated carbohydrate chain
      itself was not rate limiting. Proteoglycan synthesis and secretion were
      stimulated by several types of connective tissue activating peptides (CTAP); CTAP
      III stimulation of incremental core protein and glycosaminoglycan was shown to be
      of a similar magnitude. Since chain synthesis was not rate limiting, it is
      suggested that stimulated proteoglycan formation caused by the CTAP peptides may
      be primarily modulated through increased formation of core protein.

PMID- 6838675
TI  - Relationship between matrix proteoglycan content and the effects of salicylate
      and indomethacin on articular cartilage.
AB  - When 160 microgram/ml sodium salicylate was added to the culture medium,
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis in slices of normal articular cartilage from
      habitually loaded areas of canine femoral condyles was diminished by 24% (P less
      than 0.01). Although glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage from habitually
      unloaded regions of the same joints was similar to that in cartilage from loaded
      sites, the mean uronic acid content of the former was about 25% less, and
      salicylate suppressed glycosaminoglycan synthesis in unloaded cartilage to a much
      greater extent (42% of control) than it did in loaded cartilage (P less than
      0.01). Furthermore, 1.5 micrograms/ml indomethacin, which had no effect on
      cartilage from loaded regions, suppressed glycosaminoglycan synthesis in
      cartilage from unloaded regions by 31%. However, if cartilage from loaded regions
      was treated with testicular hyaluronidase, indomethacin inhibited
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and inhibition of glycosaminoglycan metabolism by
      salicylate in hyaluronidase-treated cartilage was greater than in untreated
      cartilage. The data suggest that the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drugs on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage are dependent on
      proteoglycan content of the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 6838676
TI  - Serotonin content of platelets in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Correlation
      with clinical activity.
AB  - Significantly decreased platelet serotonin contents were measured in rheumatoid
      arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis,
      and mixed connective tissue disease. An inverse relationship between platelet
      serotonin levels and clinical disease activity was observed in both rheumatoid
      arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. SLE patients with multiple organ
      involvement showed the lowest platelet serotonin values. No correlation was
      observed between platelet serotonin contents and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drug treatment, presence of circulating platelet reactive IgG, or the amount of
      circulating immune complexes. The results are interpreted as indicating platelet
      release occurring in vivo during inflammatory episodes of the rheumatic disorders
      investigated.

PMID- 6838677
TI  - Identification and partial purification of the major aspirin hydrolyzing enzyme
      in human blood.
AB  - In normal whole human blood in vitro, the source of the enzyme controlling the
      hydrolysis of aspirin (ASA) was found to be the erythrocyte (RBC). Experiments
      were carried out to determine whether this enzyme was membrane-bound or free in
      the lysate. The mean rates of ASA hydrolysis in comparable concentrations of
      intact RBC (1.61 +/- 0.20 mumole/liter/minute, n = 12 and 1.23 +/- 01.7
      mumole/liter/minute, n = 5) were much faster than that measured in isolated RBC
      membranes (0.23 +/- 0.08 mumole/liter/minute, n = 6, P = less than 0.001).
      Detailed study showed that the RBC-related ASA esterase is located
      intracellularly and is not related to membrane acetylcholinesterase. The ASA
      esterase from crude lysate was purified 900-fold by means of DEAE Sephacel
      chromatography of active enzyme recovered from a 50% saturated ammonium sulfate
      fraction. Non-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 8.3 and 9.0) resulted in
      one major band and one or more small minor protein bands. When esterase activity
      was assayed in a non-stained gel, ASA depletion and salicylate production
      corresponded exactly to the major stained band. This band was eluted from another
      unstained gel, concentrated, and applied to an SDS gel. This yielded a single
      band with a molecular weight of approximately 95,000. The partially purified
      enzyme had a mean Km of 66.6 +/- 3.5 microM and a mean Vmax of 4.0 +/- 0.9
      mumole/liter/minute/mg under the assay conditions. The results of inhibition
      studies suggested that this enzyme's activity is sulfhydryl group dependent, does
      not require divalent cations for activity, and is different from the RBC type D
      "nonspecific" esterases.

PMID- 6838678
TI  - American rheumatology: markings. Presidential address to the American Rheumatism
      Association, June 1982.

PMID- 6838679
TI  - Kingella kingae infectious arthritis: case report and review of literature of
      Kingella and Moraxella infections.

PMID- 6838680
TI  - Osteitis condensans ilii in apatite crystal deposition disease.

PMID- 6838681
TI  - Antilymphocytotoxic antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease and systemic
      lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 6838682
TI  - The multicenter study of outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a critique.

PMID- 6838683
TI  - Association of dermatomyositis and dysgerminoma in a 16-year-old patient.

PMID- 6838684
TI  - Anterior tibial nerve palsy after ankle arthrocentesis.

PMID- 6838685
TI  - Increased intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in a patient with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 6838686
TI  - Effect of noradrenaline, sodium nitrite and isosorbide dinitrate on albumin
      transport in the wall of the excised rabbit common carotid artery.
AB  - The effects of noradrenaline (NA), sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and isosorbide
      dinitrate (ISDN) on the steady state distribution of 125I-labelled albumin in the
      wall of excised rabbit common carotid arteries were studied. The vessels were
      incubated in Tyrodes solution either at relaxed length and zero transmural
      pressure (non-pressurized) or at in vivo length and a transmural pressure of 70
      mm Hg (pressurized). Label was applied in the same concentration at both the
      luminal and outer surfaces. The mean medial uptake in pressurized vessels was
      greater after treatment with 10(-7) M NA than after additional treatment with
      either 10(-3) M NaNO2 or 10(-3) M ISDN. The opposite was found for non
      pressurized vessels. The medial uptake by NA-treated pressurized vessels was
      greater than that by NA-treated non-pressurized vessels, while the reverse was
      found for NaNO2- or ISDN-treated vessels. We conclude that the different patterns
      of uptake seen in these vessels results from the relative effects of externally
      applied stress (elongation and pressurization), smooth muscle tone and convection
      through the wall, on the properties of the interstitium, and possibly from the
      effects of the vasoactive agents on endothelial permeability.

PMID- 6838687
TI  - Influence of fenofibrate on cellular and subcellular liver structure in
      hyperlipidemic patients.
AB  - The administration of lipid-lowering drugs to rodents, notably those related to
      clofibrate, rapidly provokes a hepatic response characterized by hepatomegaly,
      proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and proliferation of peroxisomes in
      hepatocytes. In some studies hepatocellular carcinoma has been found in rats or
      mice exposed for their entire life-span to high dose levels of various fibrates.
      In the present study liver biopsy samples were obtained from 38 hyperlipidemic
      patients, 28 of whom had been receiving fenofibrate for between 2 months and
      approximately 3 years (mean values: males 1.79, females 1.98 years). The
      remaining 10 patients had never been treated with a lipid-lowering drug.
      Examination of the biopsy samples by a variety of optical techniques and by
      electron microscopy failed to reveal any difference between the groups.
      Peroxisomes were relatively rare, there being no evidence of the clear
      proliferation seen in rodent studies. Other microscopic features of interest were
      some variation of nuclear size, mitochondria containing paracrystalline
      inclusions, dilated endoplasmic reticulum associated with reduced amounts of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the presence of lipid droplets in the liver
      cells. However, these variations from normal were in general not much more
      apparent in samples from the fenofibrate-treated patients than in the untreated
      group. Light- and electron-microscopic observations did not suggest liver
      intoxication or a carcinogenic pattern.

PMID- 6838688
TI  - Clinical angiographic regression of atherosclerosis after partial ileal bypass.
AB  - Clinical documentation of atherosclerotic plaque regression has been difficult to
      obtain. This is a report of a patient with severe and early atherosclerotic
      cardiovascular disease with regression of at least three major atherosclerotic
      lesions demonstrated by coronary arteriography 10 years after partial ileal
      bypass operation. The patient's total plasma cholesterol was reduced over these
      10 years, ranging from 40% to 23%, from the preoperative level of 757 mg/dl.
      Sequential arteriograms were assessed independently by several arteriographers
      and blindly by the Arteriography Review Panel of the Program on Surgical Control
      of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). The readings were analyzed by 4 grading methods.
      Unanimously, marked regression was read in the proximal left circumflex artery
      (70% leads to 20%), middle segment of the right coronary artery (45% leads to
      20%), and in the distal right coronary artery (80% leads to 50%). Thus, by any
      and all of the methods used, there was significant regression of
      arteriographically demonstrated atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 6838689
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol in India in healthy persons and those with
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - The plasma total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol levels are presented for
      186 healthy Indian subjects and 213 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
      Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations vary with age. Higher total
      cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were noted in men compared with women. HDL
      cholesterol is highest in women in the age group 20-49 years. HDL cholesterol
      levels (negatively associated with CHD) are significantly higher in India
      compared with western countries. It is suggested that the high level of HDL
      cholesterol may be responsible for the relatively low incidence of CHD in India.

PMID- 6838690
TI  - Effect of vasoactive agents and applied stress on the albumin space of excised
      rabbit carotid arteries.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken on excised rabbit common carotid arteries to assess
      whether the distribution volume for radioactively labelled albumin is influenced
      by smooth muscle tone or externally applied stress. In arteries at relaxed length
      and zero transmural pressure, the distribution volume in the media was reduced by
      noradrenaline at concentrations exceeding 10(-9) M and increased by both sodium
      nitrite and isosorbide dinitrate at concentrations exceeding 10(-4) M. The
      distribution volume was lower in both the media and adventitia of segments at in
      vivo length pressurized with air to prevent convection through the wall, than in
      segments at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure. Noradrenaline decreased
      and sodium nitrite increased the medial distribution volume of the tracer in
      these air-pressurized segments. The vasoactive agents did not change the
      [51Cr]EDTA space in vessels at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure,
      although there were small alterations of medial water content. Transient
      conditions raise interpretative difficulties because of uncertainty about
      endothelial permeability and time-dependent changes of wall properties. The
      changes of the distribution volume for labelled albumin are thought to reflect
      changes in the properties of the interstitium.

PMID- 6838692
TI  - Increased ratio of plasma free fatty acids to albumin during normal aging and in
      patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - The ratio of free fatty acids (FFA) to albumin, its carrier protein, was
      determined in 118 healthy men of ages 20 to 69 years and in 83 patients with
      coronary heart disease (CHD) of ages 33 to 69 years. During aging in normal men,
      this ratio increased progressively from an average value of 0.755 +/- 0.061 in
      the age 20-29 group to a value of 1.042 +/- 0.105 in the 60-69-year-old group. In
      patients with CHD this ratio was approximately 18% higher in each 10-year cohort
      than the corresponding control value, rising from a value of 1.029 +/- 0.081 in
      the 30-39-year-old group to a value of 1.212 +/- 0.106 in the 60-69-year-old
      group. The compositional spectrum of FFA among representative groups was similar,
      although linoleic acid was slightly reduced as a function of aging and the
      development of CHD. These results demonstrate that studies which measure only the
      absolute changes in FFA levels as a function of age or development of CHD tend to
      underestimate the magnitude of changes in FFA availability to tissues and for
      participation in biochemical reactions.

PMID- 6838691
TI  - The peripheral circulation and treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.
AB  - Forty patients with hyperlipoproteinemia were followed 4-9.3 years by non
      invasive tests of their lower extremity circulation. Twenty-eight patients were
      treated by diet and/or drugs, and 12 patients were controls. Although all
      patients had abnormal non-invasive tests, only 15 patients had intermittent
      claudication. Seven patients had improved circulation tests while 13 showed a
      deterioration in the tests; 20 patients had no changes. The patients who showed
      improvement in tests had the highest incidence of intermittent claudication and
      the lowest average ankle to brachial artery systolic blood pressure index.
      Although treatment patients had a significant decrease in total cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and VLDL, no significant differences were found when the results
      of the circulation tests were analyzed according to treatment or control status
      of the patients, to abnormal lipid patterns, or, ignoring treatment status, to a
      decrease in lipids. The patients who showed a deterioration in tests had a
      significantly higher total cholesterol level at the beginning of, but not during,
      the study and did not significantly decrease their triglycerides. No significant
      changes occurred in HDL, LDL, or VLDL. This study presents a methodology for the
      long-term, non-invasive assessment of peripheral arterial disease and a pilot
      study for its application. Despite the small number of patients studied, the
      failure to demonstrate benefit would discourage a larger clinical trial of this
      treatment protocol.

PMID- 6838693
TI  - Norethindrone acetate inhibition of triglyceride synthesis and release by rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The progestin, norethindrone acetate has been widely administered to patients in
      the form of oral contraceptives; however, its hypolipemic action has received
      little study. This report describes the effects of conventional doses of
      norethindrone acetate (100 micrograms/day.kg body weight 0.75) on rat plasma
      lipid levels in vivo as well as the mechanism of action on triglyceride
      metabolism in isolated hepatocytes in vitro. Norethindrone acetate administration
      led to significant and proportional reductions of the concentrations of
      triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids of plasma lipoproteins of density
      less than 1.006 of rats fed a high carbohydrate diet. Norethindrone acetate (0.1
      mM) also significantly inhibited the incorporation of both [9,10(-3)H] palmitate
      and [U-14C]glycerol into triglycerides of isolated hepatocytes from fed rats, by
      11 to 16% (P less than 0.001). Release of labeled triglycerides from the isolated
      hepatocytes was similarly inhibited, 21% and 46%, respectively (P less than
      0.05). At the higher concentration of 1.0 mM, norethindrone acetate inhibited the
      incorporation of [2(-3)H]glycerol into hepatocytic triglycerides by 35-39% (P
      less than 0.05). The present findings suggest that inhibition of hepatic
      triglyceride synthesis can account for the reduction of hepatic triglyceride
      secretion and for at least part of the lowering of plasma VLDL levels which
      occurs during administration of norethindrone acetate in the rat.

PMID- 6838694
TI  - Aortic and renal lesions in hypercholesterolemic adult, male, virgin sprague
      dawley rats.
AB  - Male, virgin Sprague-Dawley rats received for periods of from 2 to 80 weeks 1 of
      the 3 following diets: Commercial rat chow (control diet), commercial rat chow
      supplemented with cholesterol (cholesterol diet) or commercial rat chow
      supplemented with cholic acid and taurine in equimolar amounts (cholic acid
      diet). Plasma cholesterol concentration was elevated in all rats kept on the
      cholesterol or on the cholic acid diets. Three of 8 rats kept on the control diet
      also developed hypercholesterolemia 80 weeks after beginning the experiment.
      Intimal plaques in the aorta and glomerulosclerosis were observed in all rats
      with plasma cholesterol concentrations above 150 mg/100 ml, including the three
      hypercholesterolemic controls. Cholesterol concentrations in the aorta and
      kidneys of the rats with these lesions were not increased above the control
      values while hypercholesterolemia was common to all the rats with these lesions
      regardless of the type of the diet.

PMID- 6838696
TI  - Effect of portacaval or mesentericocaval anastomosis on cholesterol metabolism in
      rats.
AB  - Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) lowered by 50% the cholesterol concentration in the
      plasma of rats. The free and esterified cholesterol contents in the lipoproteins
      were decreased with the very low density lipoproteins most affected (-85%).
      Cholesterol concentration as total content in the liver was reduced. The major
      change in the cholesterol metabolism, as studied with an isotopic equilibrium
      method, was the decrease in the intestinal absorption coefficient of dietary
      cholesterol (56.0 +/- 2.7% instead of 73.3 +/- 1.9% in controls). The rate of
      cholesterol transformation into bile acids was decreased (10.5 +/- 0.3 vs 14.5 +/
      0.5 mg/day/rat in controls). The rate of internal secretion of cholesterol was
      slightly reduced while the rate of fecal external secretion was increased,
      suggesting that the synthesis of cholesterol by extra-digestive tissues
      (including liver) was reduced after PCA. The effects of PCA on cholesterol
      metabolism were similar to those described for glucagon administration. Since
      this shunt results in hyperglucagonemia, it is suggested that this hormonal
      perturbation was the main factor involved in the modifications of cholesterol
      metabolism after PCA. Moreover, mesentericocaval anastomosis, which shunts only
      the intestinal blood and allows the pancreatic hormones a normal transport
      through the liver, did not significantly modify cholesterol metabolism. Only
      cholesterolemia (-28%) and the absorption coefficient of dietary cholesterol
      (66.0 +/- 2.3%) were slightly reduced.

PMID- 6838697
TI  - Xeroradiographic determination of Achilles tendon thickness in familial
      hypercholesterolemia confirmed by tissue cultures.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC) confirmed by
      tissue cultures of skin fibroblasts (2 homozygotes, 21 heterozygotes) and 3
      patients with sporadic hypercholesterolemia were evaluated for Achilles tendon
      (AT) thickness by xeroradiography. Both homozygotes had thick ATs and coronary
      heart disease (CHD), 20 heterozygotes had thick ATs, but only 8 of them had CHD.
      One heterozygote had a small AT value, but CHD for a long time. The 3 patients
      with sporadic hypercholesterolemia, one with CHD, had small AT. There was no
      correlation between serum cholesterol concentration and AT thickness, between age
      and AT thickness, nor between AT thickness and CHD.

PMID- 6838695
TI  - Accumulation of lipoprotein remnants in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The composition and concentration of remnant lipoprotein particles accumulating
      in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was determined. Ten
      patients on chronic hemodialysis were compared with 8 controls. The patients'
      very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were abnormal and contained more of the
      dense VLDL subfraction (VLDL3). The concentration of intermediate density
      lipoproteins (IDL) was increased 3-fold in CRF plasma, whereas the amount of low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) was decreased by 25%. On electrophoresis of plasma
      lipoproteins the beta-band from the patients' samples demonstrated increased
      anodal mobility, indicating an abnormality in composition of the patients' LDL.
      These abnormalities were present regardless of whether patients were
      hyperlipidemic or not. These findings suggest defective conversion of VLDL to LDL
      in CRF, allowing for the accumulation of lipoprotein particles usually absent
      from plasma. The latter may account for the accelerated atherosclerosis reported
      in patients with CRF.

PMID- 6838698
TI  - Effects of dietary fat saturation and triglyceride and cholesterol load on lipid
      absorption in the rat.
AB  - Lipid absorption was studied in non-fasting thoracic lymph duct-cannulated rats
      receiving continuous intraduodenal infusions of oils varying in triglyceride
      fatty acid saturation (P/S = 4.6 or 0.2), triglyceride load (66 or 165 mumoles/h)
      and cholesterol load (0 and 3.5 mumoles/h at the low oil infusion rate, and 0 and
      11 mumoles/h at the high infusion rate). Triglyceride absorption averaged 95% for
      rats receiving the low and high infusion rates of the polyunsaturated oil (groups
      defined as 10P and 25P, respectively), and 77% for those receiving the saturated
      oil (10S and 25S). Estimated average relative lymph lipoprotein size was
      significantly larger during infusion of the high vs. low triglyceride load, and
      of the P vs. S oil (25P greater than 25S greater than 10P greater than 10S).
      Lymph cholesterol flux during infusion of oil only averaged 3.2 mumoles/h for all
      groups and was not significantly influenced by dietary fat saturation or
      triglyceride load. The initial rapid rise in lymph cholesterol after addition of
      cholesterol (mass + tracer) to the oils was due primarily to endogenous
      cholesterol. Thus, absorption of dietary cholesterol resulted in an initial
      displacement of endogenous cholesterol into the lymph. However, in samples
      collected 18--24 h after addition of cholesterol to the oil, 87--107% of the
      increased lymph cholesterol flux was exogenous (labeled). This increased flux was
      not significantly influenced by fat saturation of the infused oil and averaged
      5.6 mumoles/h for rats in the low oil/lower cholesterol infusion groups, and 9.5
      mumoles/h for those in the higher infusion groups. The percent esterified
      cholesterol in lymph of rats in the low oil infusion groups was significantly
      higher in the S vs. P animals during both infusion of oil only and of oil +
      cholesterol. The observed effects of fat saturation on lymph triglyceride flux,
      cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein size may have important consequences
      for subsequent metabolism of absorptive lipoproteins, and for their ultimate
      effects on plasma lipid levels.

PMID- 6838699
TI  - Transmural [125I]albumin concentration in the rabbit aorta during acute hypoxia.
AB  - We have quantified the concentration profile of 125I-labeled rabbit albumin in
      the avascular intima and media of the rabbit descending thoracic aorta following
      intravenous injection under control and acute hypoxic conditions in vivo. Our
      purpose was to determine if alterations occurred in the transmural concentration
      profiles which could be attributed to hypoxia-induced changes in the permeability
      of the intimal endothelium to plasma-borne macromolecules. The profiles were
      obtained with frozen serial sections of the aorta from experiments of 30 min
      duration. Acute hypoxia was induced by addition of nitrogen to the breathing
      mixture. The hypoxia resulted in arterial pO2 values of 23--32 mm Hg while the
      arterial pO2 in the control animals ranged from 80 to 88 mm Hg. All animals were
      under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. The results revealed no detectable changes
      in the concentration profile in the inner media accompanying hypoxia. However,
      increases in the label concentration in the outer media of the hypoxic animals
      suggested either dilation or increased permeability of the adventitial blood
      vessels.

PMID- 6838701
TI  - Behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells during repeated stretching of the
      substratum in vitro.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells derived from rat aortic media were established in subcultures
      and seeded from suspensions on smooth silicone rubber substrata in tissue culture
      flasks. Each flask contained two substrata, one stationary and one that was
      stretched and allowed to recoil at 15-s intervals. After 48 h or longer, the
      cells were fixed and their pattern on the 2 substrata examined by light or
      scanning electron microscopy. All stretched substrata showed 75% or more of cells
      lying within 45 degrees of a line drawn at right angles to the direction of
      stretch and recoil. Cells on the stationary substrata showed a random
      orientation. The results suggest that stretching of the internal elastic lamina
      by arterial pulsation may be a factor in creating the characteristic longitudinal
      orientation of smooth muscle cells that appear in the subendothelial space after
      injury, diffuse intimal thickening or atherosclerosis.

PMID- 6838700
TI  - Effect of AMO 1618 on cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism in chickens and rats.
AB  - AMO 1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate
      methyl chloride) was added to corn-soy based diets and fed to 9-week-old female
      chickens for 3 weeks to measure the inhibition of hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha
      hydroxylase. Dose-related decreases in the activities of these two enzymes were
      obtained (2.5--15 ppm) of AMO 1618. Decreases in plasma total cholesterol, chol
      HDL, and chol-LDL levels were observed, but the decreases in chol-LDL were
      substantially larger than those of chol-HDL in both chicken and rat. Assays of
      livers from rats fed 20 ppm AMO 1618 for 3 days had 24% less HMG-CoA reductase
      activity and 67% less cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity than the controls.
      Plasma cholesterol in these animals was reduced 26%; the ratio of total
      cholesterol : chol-HDL was reduced from 3.27 to 2.67 and the chol-LDL : chol-HDL
      ratio was reduced from 1.96 to 1.14 as a result of the relatively brief
      treatment. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and other key lipogenic enzymes increased
      1.5--4-fold in both the chicken and rat. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and
      the induction of FAS by AMO 1618 were tested in vitro, using 10--100 micrograms
      (28--280 mumoles) for 15 min with isolated hepatocytes from chicken and rat.
      Linear responses in activity were dose-dependent and increased with duration of
      incubation (30 micrograms or 85 mumoles AMO 1618, 5--120 min) in both species.
      The results suggest the compound acts at the cellular level and AMO 1618 appears
      to possess several properties which recommend it for testing as a cholesterol
      lowering agent in humans.

PMID- 6838703
TI  - Effect of pH on cholesterol ester hydrolysis in low density lipoproteins by
      particulate fractions of arterial wall and macrophage homogenates.

PMID- 6838702
TI  - Arterial geometry affects hemodynamics. A potential risk factor for
      athersoclerosis.

PMID- 6838705
TI  - Increased type I collagen in human atherosclerotic plaque.

PMID- 6838704
TI  - Relationship between morphological changes and lipid-lowering action of p
      chlorphenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) on hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes in
      man.

PMID- 6838706
TI  - Collagen polymorphism in the normal and diseased blood vessel wall.

PMID- 6838707
TI  - Pathology of endocrine cells in gastric mucosa.
AB  - Pathological changes of gastric endocrine cells are reviewed. The lesions are
      subdivided according to the type of mucosa in which they originate. Hyperplasias
      of fundic endocrine cells, probably related to the patient's concomitant
      hypergastrinemia, were found in Zollinger Ellison syndrome and in chronic
      atrophic gastritis. They may evolve into carcinoid tumors. Typical and atypical
      forms of fundic carcinoids have been described, usually without specific clinical
      syndrome. Antral gastrin G cells proliferate in achlorhydric, hypergastrinemia
      patients while their involvement in peptic ulcer disease is probably limited to a
      minority of cases. Antral gastrin secreting tumors are rare. Metaplasic
      intestinal epithelium also harbors endocrine cells that may present hyperplastic
      and neoplastic changes.

PMID- 6838708
TI  - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, polymorphic reticulosis and angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy with pulmonary involvement. Similar or different entities?].
AB  - This study attempts to demonstrate that typical lymphomatoid granulomatosis,
      polymorphic reticulosis and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with pulmonary
      involvement, are three related anatomo-clinical conditions. Three groups of
      patients with clinical and pathological signs corresponding to each of these
      three conditions are studied. In group A, the clinical, radiographic and
      histologic data for 11 patients presenting "classical lymphomatoid
      granulomatosis" are reported. In this group, all subjects presented a poor
      general condition, with fever and immunological disorders (hypo- or
      hypergammaglobulinemia, often monoclonal gammopathy). Chest X-rays always showed
      bilateral, nodular, poorly defined lung infiltrates. Most patients have had rash
      and/or dermal infiltrates and ENM involvement. Some of them developed liver
      and/or spleen, and/or lymph node enlargement. Whatever the localization of the
      lesions, there were angiocentric polymorphic granulomas with atypical cells
      spread between lymphocytes, plasma cells and rare polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
      In group B, the clinical, radiographic and biological data for 4 patients
      presenting a so-called polymorphic reticulosis are reported. All subjects
      presented ENM involvement; only one had a poor general condition and
      hypogammaglobulinemia. Only one patient presented a lung involvement.
      Histologically the lesions were angiocentric granulomas composed of numerous
      lymphocytes, plasma cells intermingled with some polymorphonuclears and numerous
      characteristic large atypical cells. In group C, the clinical, radiographic and
      biological data for 3 out of 26 cases diagnosed as angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AIL) are summarized. These 3 cases were selected because of
      presence of lung involvement; all three had a typical AIL with fever, poor
      general condition, rash, hemolytic anemia (Coombs +) and lymph node enlargement.
      All of them presented bilateral, nodular, poorly defined lung infiltrates. Lymph
      node lesions were typical for AIL: destruction of follicular structure, vascular
      proliferation and numerous immunoblasts. Lesions in other organs (mainly lung,
      dermal and ENM lesions) were characterized by angiocentric granulomas containing
      numerous blast cells. The biological behavior with eventual development of a
      monoclonal gammopathy, associated or not with a malignant immunoblastic lymphoma,
      as well as resemblance of clinical and histological manifestations during the
      course of the disease, suggest that these three conditions represent variants of
      a basically identical entity.

PMID- 6838710
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of the development of the pulmonary alveolus in the
      human fetus].
AB  - An ultrastructural study of distal human fetal lung between the fifteenth and
      nineteenth weeks of gestation is performed. All the cells of the epithelial
      lining layer have an endodermal origin and are provided by one cellular pattern:
      the columnar undifferentiated cell. From nineteenth week of gestation a
      differentiation into alveolar et bronchiolar ways is observed. Inside cells which
      are in type II pneumonocyte differentiation, cytoplasmic modifications has been
      observed. These modifications can agree with lamellar inclusion bodies
      precursors. Otherwise, respective part of type II pneumonocytes and Clara cells,
      in surfactant synthesis is discussed, as well as the chronological link
      connecting between them the precursors of the lamellar inclusions bodies, and the
      mode of renewal of alveolar cells.

PMID- 6838711
TI  - [Primary carcinoid of the larynx].
AB  - Primary carcinoid of the larynx is an extremely rare neoplasm. Only seven cases
      could be traced in the literature so far. The authors report another case in a 71
      year-old male patient. Gross examination revealed a large ulcerated tumor of the
      right part of the supraglottic larynx. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of
      nests and sheets of relatively uniform cells with round nuclei. A Grimelius stain
      showed positively stained granules in the cytoplasm of the cells. One cervical
      lymph node presented little metastatic foci of the tumor cells. A review of the
      medical literature showed that all laryngeal carcinoid were pathologically
      malignant and the treatment of choice is the surgical excision.

PMID- 6838713
TI  - Taste aversions conditioned with gamma radiation: attenuation by area postrema
      lesions in rats.
AB  - The role of the area postrema in radiation induced taste aversions in rats was
      examined. One group of rats received lesions of the area postrema, another group
      was given sham lesions and a third group received no surgery. These three groups
      of rats were then given one pairing of 1 h access to a novel 0.15% sodium
      saccharin solution followed immediately with exposure to 200 rad gamma radiation.
      A fourth group of rats with area postrema lesions was given 1 h access to
      saccharin followed by a sham irradiation procedure. Four days later all groups
      were given daily two bottle preference tests (saccharin vs water) on 5
      consecutive days. The groups with sham lesions or no surgery displayed a strong
      aversion to saccharin on all 5 test days. The two area postrema lesioned groups
      displayed a moderate and increasing preference for saccharin over the 5 day test
      period. The lesioned group given radiation treatment showed a weak but
      significant aversion (P less than 0.05) to saccharin on the first test day, when
      compared to the lesioned rats not given radiation treatment. Thus, lesions of the
      area postrema strongly attenuated the radiation induced taste aversions, but did
      not completely abolish them.

PMID- 6838709
TI  - [Statistical approach to cervical and vaginal cytology during contraception].

PMID- 6838712
TI  - [Bone mastocytosis and osteomalacia. Apropos of a case with histodynamic analysis
      on non-decalcified bone].
AB  - A patient presented with cutaneous mastocytosis, bone pains, biologic disorders
      typical of osteomalacia, and intestinal malabsorption. Bone biopsy with
      histomorphometric analysis and measure of calcification rate on undecalcified
      bone, confirmed the diagnosis of bone mastocytosis and osteomalacia. There are
      only 2 other reports of osteomalacia caused by malabsorption. The latter is
      possibly bound to a mast-cell infiltrate of the intestinal mucosa. Sometimes only
      villosity atrophy or oedema of the mucosa are observed.

PMID- 6838714
TI  - Effects of chronic atropinization on visual acuity in kittens.
AB  - Atropine was instilled daily from the time of eye-opening until 14 weeks of age
      into either one or both eyes of developing kittens. Following a 4 week recovery
      period, grating visual acuity was determined using behavioral techniques under
      both monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The monocularly treated kittens
      behaviorally demonstrated an amblyopia in the treated eye and an absence of
      binocular summation. In contrast, the binocularly treated kittens appeared to
      show normal visual acuity in both eyes and their performance improved during
      binocular viewing conditions. Single-unit recordings in striate cortex indicated
      that binocular atropinization did not alter cortical binocularity, however,
      monocular atropinization resulted in a decrease in the proportion of binocularly
      excited neurons and a shift in ocular dominance to the untreated eye.

PMID- 6838715
TI  - Anterior hypothalamic lesions and pubertal development in female rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Electrolytic lesions were made in the anterior hypothalamus of 8 prepubertal
      female rhesus monkeys, aged 1.1-1.7 years. Six unoperated females served as
      controls. No effects were found of the lesions upon age and body weight at
      menarche or at first ovulation, as estimated by blood levels of progesterone and
      laparoscopic observations. From these findings it appears that the neural control
      of puberty in the female rhesus may not be exerted through the anterior
      hypothalamus, in contrast with the rat and ferret. Further, an attempt was made
      to identify biometric correlates of hormonal changes during puberty. Firstly, the
      well known dip in growth rate, about 0.4 years before menarche, was observed.
      Secondly, there was a marked spurt in growth of the nipples starting at 0.2 years
      before menarche. The close temporal association between accelerated nipple growth
      and menarche suggests that both of these developmental characteristics result
      from changes in (presumably ovarian) steroid hormone secretion.

PMID- 6838717
TI  - Visual discrimination learning under conditions of interocular conflict in hooded
      and albino rats.
AB  - Hooded and albino rats were trained on a paradigm of interocular conflict, in
      which the animals were trained on a discrimination of vertically inverted
      triangles with one eye, and on the reversed discrimination with the other eye on
      alternate days. Albino rats acquired the conflicting tasks as quickly as a single
      monocularly trained task. Hooded rats required considerably longer training on
      the conflicting discriminations. The role of some non-visual behavioral
      strategies in the performance of the conflicting tasks was explored, and possible
      mechanisms are discussed with reference to the different size of the ipsilateral
      optic projection in hooded and albino rats.

PMID- 6838718
TI  - Proprioceptive contributions to tactile identification of figures: dependence on
      figure size.
AB  - Studies on the recognition of objects or shapes explored by a hand or finger have
      concentrated on the relative merits of different methods of exploration--in
      particular, whether the exploring hand or finger is moved by the subject himself
      (active), is guided by an assistant (passive), or remains stationary with the
      shape being moved by an assistant (tactile). These factors, together with another
      variable--the size of the explored shape--were investigated in twelve normal
      adults whose task, without the aid of vision, was to explore and identify various
      shapes with the tip of the extended right index finger. Two series of shapes were
      used, a large (15 cm) and small (3 cm) series, both of which consisted of twelve
      shapes each being a variant of the letter 'S'. The shapes were outlined as rows
      of Braille-like dots on a flat surface. Exploration was also tested in the
      proprioceptive mode, in which the exploring hand was guided by an assistant
      around a shape which was simply drawn on the surface so as to give a minimum of
      tactile information. For neither large nor small shapes could we demonstrate
      differences between active, passive and proprioceptive exploration. For the small
      shapes, the active, passive and proprioceptive modes gave no advantage over
      purely tactile assessment. However, for the larger shapes, active, passive and
      proprioceptive modes allowed better identification than movement of the shape.
      Thus, purely cutaneous signals appear sufficient for optimal discrimination of
      small figures but proprioceptive signals, generated by movement, are needed for
      optimal discrimination of larger figures.

PMID- 6838716
TI  - Can aversive properties of (peripherally-injected) vasopressin account for its
      putative role in memory?
AB  - Rats injected with arginine vasopressin (AVP) immediately after exposure to a
      novel open-field environment found a water tube faster than saline injected rats,
      when water-deprived 48 h later. Other experiments demonstrated that this effect
      did not result from some conditioned or pharmacologically-induced hyperactivity
      in the experimental group. Although these results are consistent with a role for
      AVP in 'memory' mechanisms, lithium chloride, a known illness-producing agent,
      produced a reduction in latency to find the water tube identical to that of AVP.
      In separate experiments, AVP acted as an effective unconditioned stimulus in
      conditioned taste and place aversion studies. AVP also produced a dose-dependent
      disruption of spontaneous locomotor activity. Together, these data indicate that
      peripheral AVP administration has aversive consequences. Desglycinamide arginine
      vasopressin (an AVP analog with weak pressor-agonist properties) produced no
      observable aversive effects and did not improve test performance in the
      appetitive water-finding task. It is suggested that the apparent memory-enhancing
      properties of peripherally administered AVP, at least in appetitive test
      paradigms, may depend on its aversive and consequently arousing actions.

PMID- 6838719
TI  - A comparison of the contributions of the frontal and parietal association cortex
      to spatial localization in rats.
AB  - Rats with lesions of the medial frontal, orbital frontal, or parietal cortex were
      compared behaviorally with rats with complete removal of the neocortex and normal
      control rats on three spatial tasks: Morris water task, radial arm maze, and
      spatial reversals in a Grice box. Decortication produced severe impairments in
      the acquisition of all three tasks, thus providing a measure against which to
      compare the severity of the impairments observed following more restricted
      removals. Rats with parietal cortex lesions were relatively unimpaired at any of
      the tasks, although they had a significant deficit on the spatial reversal task
      and had a short-term memory impairment on the radial arm maze. In contrast, rats
      with medial frontal lesions had a significant, but relatively mild, impairment on
      the radial arm maze and were very poor at learning the water task. Rats with
      orbital frontal lesions were nearly as impaired on the radial arm maze and water
      task as decorticate rats. The results suggest that the frontal and parietal
      cortex of rats play different roles in the control of spatial orientation but do
      not support the view that egocentric and allocentric spatial orientation are
      related to frontal and parietal mechanisms, respectively. In addition, the
      results suggest that the frontal cortex plays a larger role in the control of
      spatially guided behavior than has been previously recognized and that both the
      medial frontal and the orbital (sulcal) frontal cortex play a dissociable role in
      the control of spatial orientation.

PMID- 6838720
TI  - Two nonassociative components of the proboscis extension reflex in the blow fly,
      Phormia regina, which may affect measures of conditioning and of the central
      excitatory state.
AB  - With the use of controls not included in previous studies, evidence is presented
      for the existence of water-induced central excitatory state (w-CES) from analyses
      of pure-breeding high- and low-CES lines in the blow fly, Phormia regina. The CES
      lines differed in base-level responsiveness to distilled water (and to saline) as
      well as in response levels for w-CES and for sucrose-induced CES, which suggests
      the existence of genetic correlates for several components of the proboscis
      extension reflex. Recognition of several nonassociative components complicates
      the interpretation of individual scores in earlier studies of proboscis extension
      conditioning and of the central excitatory state.

PMID- 6838721
TI  - Neonatal hemidecortication or frontal cortex ablation produces similar behavioral
      sparing but opposite effects on morphogenesis of remaining cortex.
AB  - Rats with complete removal of the neocortex of one hemisphere (hemidecorticate)
      or of the cortex anterior to bregma in both hemispheres (frontal cortex) in
      adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically with rats with similar
      removals at 7 days of age. Neonatal ablation of the frontal cortex produced
      partial sparing of performance on the Morris water task and reduced the thickness
      of the remaining neocortex. Neonatal hemidecortication produced similar sparing
      of function on the water task but increased the thickness of the contralateral
      neocortex. These results imply that behavioral sparing following neonatal
      cortical lesions is independent of the gross morphogenesis of the remaining
      neocortex.

PMID- 6838722
TI  - Sensorimotor impairment and recovery of function in brain-damaged rats:
      reappearance of symptoms during old age.
AB  - Following unilateral lesions in the posterior-lateral hypothalamic area, rats
      displayed impaired orienting behavior to tactile stimuli placed on the
      contralateral side of the body, whereas sham-operated animals showed no
      sensorimotor impairment. Recovery from this impairment occurred during the first
      postoperative month. As the animals became senescent, there was a reinstatement
      of contralateral sensorimotor impairment in the brain-damaged animals. Although
      preliminary, these data may have important implications for the study of aging
      dependent neurological and psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 6838723
TI  - Cortical motor neuron activity in the cat during classical conditioning with
      central stimulation as the CS and the US.
AB  - The neuronal basis of associative conditioning in the cat was investigated by
      pairing stimulation of thalamocortical pathways as the conditioned stimulus (CS)
      with antidromic activation of pericruciate pyramidal tract (PT) cells as the
      unconditioned stimulus in a differential classical conditioning paradigm.
      Contrary to expectations, based both on the available literature and on
      theoretical considerations (i.e., a pairing or activation hypothesis), thalamic
      stimulation was not an effective CS. The response of PT cells to thalamic
      stimulation did not change as a function of reinforcement with PT stimulation.
      These results led to a reconsideration of the hypothesis that the simple pairing
      of any two neural events is the essential mechanism underlying associative
      conditioning changes. The results did suggest that the combined activation of
      specific and nonspecific thalamic nuclei may be important in producing increases
      in responsiveness of PT neurons.

PMID- 6838724
TI  - Role of habituation and classical conditioning in the development of morphine
      tolerance.
AB  - Rats were tested for the development of analgesic tolerance to low (5 mg/kg) and
      high (15 mg/kg) doses of morphine once every 12 or 48 hr in distinctive or
      nondistinctive environments. Results indicated that in a nondistinctive
      environment, development of analgesic tolerance to morphine (a) is a function of
      repeated presentation of morphine, (b) is more rapid with massed than with spaced
      presentations of morphine, (c) is not dependent on variation in drug levels, (d)
      shows spontaneous recovery across time, and (e) is not sensitive to marked
      alteration in the environment. It is suggested that in nondistinctive
      environments the development of tolerance to morphine is mediated by a
      habituation process. Results show that in a distinctive environment development
      of analgesic tolerance to morphine (a) is a function of repeated presentation of
      morphine, (b) is slightly more rapid with spaced than with massed presentations
      of morphine, (c) is not dependent on variation in drug levels, (d) shows
      persistence across time, and (e) is sensitive to alteration in the environment.
      It is suggested that in a distinctive environment the development of tolerance to
      morphine is mediated by a classical conditioning process that is superimposed on
      the habituation process.

PMID- 6838725
TI  - Episodic long-term memory in the rat: effects of hippocampal stimulation.
AB  - Rats with electrodes implanted in dorsal hippocampus were trained to perform a
      delayed spatial matching-to-sample task on a radial arm maze. Subseizure level
      electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus applied during the study phase
      disrupted retention of a specific arm when tested at a 20-min delay but had no
      effects at 1- and 12-min delays. There were no state-dependent or proactive
      effects of stimulation. Subseizure level stimulation of the hippocampus
      immediately after the study phase resulted in normal retention. In contrast,
      seizure level stimulation of the hippocampus applied either during or immediately
      after the study phase disrupted retention at all three (1, 12, 20 min) retention
      delays. The data support the interpretation that the hippocampus is involved in
      the encoding of critical information (spatiotemporal attributes) in long-term
      working memory, but not short-term memory.

PMID- 6838726
TI  - Behavioral thermoregulation in the squirrel monkey: adaptation processes during
      prolonged microwave exposure.
AB  - During 10-min exposures to 2450-MHz microwaves at a power density of 6-8 m W/cm2,
      squirrel monkeys reliably select a cooler environment. Exposure duration, at
      power densities above and below this threshold, was the parameter investigated in
      these experiments. Monkeys were restrained in the far field of a horn antenna
      inside a 1.8 x 1.8 x 2.5 m anechoic chamber which was heated and cooled by forced
      convection. The animals learned to control the temperature of the circulating
      chamber air by selecting between cold (10-15 degrees C) and warm (50-55 degrees
      C) air sources. During the experiments, they were exposed to 12.4-cm (2450-MHz)
      continuous-wave microwaves for periods from 5 to 150 min. Microwave power
      densities explored were 4, 10, and 20 mW/cm2 which represent rates of whole-body
      energy absorption that range from approximately, .6 to 3.0 W/kg. No microwaves
      were present during 4-hr control experiments. The 4 mW/cm2 microwave exposure did
      not modify thermoregulatory behavior, no matter how long it lasted. The 10 and 20
      mW/cm2 exposures stimulated the monkeys to select ambient temperatures 1.5 and
      3.0 degrees C cooler than control levels, respectively. Except during the first
      microwave presentation of a series, or during the early minutes of a single long
      exposure, duration had no significant effect on selection of air temperature or
      on the body temperatures achieved thereby.

PMID- 6838727
TI  - Trigeminal orosensation and ingestive behavior in the rat.
AB  - A deafferentation procedure was used to examine the contributions of trigeminal
      orosensation to the control of ingestive behavior in the rat. The procedure
      removed somatosensory input from the mouth, sparing olfaction, lingual taste, and
      vibrissae inputs as well as proprioceptive afferents from and efferents to the
      jaw muscles. Rats with sections of tongue or jaw muscle efferents served as
      oromotor controls. Bilateral trigeminal orosensory deafferentation was followed
      by an array of effects on ingestive behavior whose magnitudes were proportional
      to the extent of the deafferentation. The "trigeminal syndrome" includes a
      disruption of food and water intake (aphagia, adipsia), impairments in the
      sensorimotor control of eating and drinking, decreased responsiveness to food and
      water, and a reduction in the level of body weight regulation. Trigeminal
      deafferentation spared elementary ingestive movement patterns (biting, licking,
      chewing) but disrupted their control by the perioral stimuli, which normally
      elicit them, so that eating and drinking sequences were either aborted or
      inefficient. Deficits in food intake varied with the sensory properties of the
      diet. Recovery of intake took place along a palatability gradient, and recovery
      of water intake paralleled that of dry food. The chronically reduced body weight
      was caused by a persistent hypophagia and reflects reduced responsiveness to
      food. These findings suggest a considerable degree of overlap in the neural
      mechanisms mediating the sensorimotor and motivational control of intake in the
      rat.

PMID- 6838728
TI  - Gustation and ingestive behavior in the rat.
AB  - Gustatory deafferentation was produced by combined bilateral section of the
      chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus
      nerve. The procedure did not affect the condition of the mouth, impair
      orientation to sensory stimuli, or severely disrupt the consummatory sequence.
      Nevertheless, deafferented subjects showed reduced responsiveness to food and
      water, elevated QHCl aversion thresholds, and impaired feeding efficiency. Food
      and water intake and body weight remained below control levels for at least 40-50
      days postoperatively. Food intake deficits were not observed when the rats were
      offered ad lib pablum, a result suggesting that increased palatability could
      compensate for decreased gustatory input. The order of recovery of food intake
      through different diet types suggests a heightened responsiveness to taste
      stimuli. The effects of gustatory deafferentation are compared with those seen
      after section of trigeminal orosensory nerves (Jacquin & Zeigler, 1983), and the
      differential contributions of oral "taste" and oral "touch" are discussed.

PMID- 6838729
TI  - Cessation of smoking after myocardial infarction. Effects on mortality after 10
      years.
AB  - Ten annual cohorts of men suffering from their first myocardial infarction have
      been followed up to a maximum period of 10.5 years. One thousand and twenty-three
      male patients of 1306 were smokers. Three months after the infarction 55% had
      stopped smoking and 45% continued smoking. These two groups were then compared
      and followed with regard to non-fatal reinfarctions and deaths. Preinfarction
      characteristics were shown to be similar for the two groups. The prognostic
      comparability of the two groups was tested using two multiple logistic models.
      Those who stopped smoking had a slightly higher predicted two year mortality
      after the infarction. In different age groups it is shown with life table
      technique that those who stopped smoking had a considerably higher survival rate
      and lower cumulative frequency of reinfarction. The present study shows a
      reversion of the expected prognosis after myocardial infarction caused by
      changing the smoking habit.

PMID- 6838730
TI  - Cigar and pipe smoking related to four year survival of coronary patients.
AB  - Six hundred and thirty-four male patients under 60 years who survived a first
      attack of unstable angina or myocardial infarction were followed for a period of
      four years. Details of initial and follow-up smoking habits were examined.
      Patients who continued to smoke cigarettes or cigars had an excess mortality
      compared with non-smokers, with those who stopped smoking, and with cigarette
      smokers who changed to pipe smoking. Pipe smokers who continued smoking the pipe
      had an observed mortality which was greater than that of the non-smokers, but the
      numbers were small and the results were not statistically significant. The effect
      of smoking habit on mortality was not influenced by two other determinants of
      prognosis: age and severity of initial attack. These results confirm that the
      long-term prognosis of patients after unstable angina or myocardial infarction
      may be significantly influenced by smoking habits. They are consistent with the
      hypothesis that cigar and pipe smoking may have an adverse effect after
      myocardial infarction but further studies are needed to corroborate the
      association between cigar and pipe smoking and prognosis of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 6838731
TI  - Influence of intracoronary nifedipine on left ventricular function, coronary
      vasomotility, and myocardial oxygen consumption.
AB  - The effect of intracoronary nifedipine on regional and global left ventricular
      performance, coronary vasomotility, and myocardial oxygen consumption is
      reported. Left ventricular pressures and volume indices of contractility and
      relaxation were simultaneously recorded in five patients without coronary artery
      disease. In these patients, nifedipine in the left main coronary artery not only
      delayed (+115 ms) anterior wall contraction but also slowed (3.5 vs 1.9 cm/s) and
      depressed it (-26%), resulting in a depression of global left ventricular
      ejection. This asynchrony and depression of regional contraction is considered to
      be responsible for the slowed isovolumic contraction and relaxation of the whole
      ventricle. In 10 other patients with coronary artery disease, coronary sinus
      blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured before and after
      intracoronary nifedipine. The observed decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption
      (-28%) depended primarily on a decrease in contractility and left ventricular
      performance. In a third study group of 12 patients with coronary artery disease,
      the effects of intracoronary nifedipine on the coronary vasomotility of 40
      coronary segments (normal, prestenotic, stenotic, poststenotic) were
      quantitatively determined. Left ventricular haemodynamics and coronary sinus
      saturation were monitored while the cineangiograms were recorded before and after
      nifedipine. Nifedipine provoked vasodilatation of the normal (+10.3%),
      prestenotic, stenotic (+4 to 30%), and poststenotic (+16.4%) coronary segments,
      which persisted after the disappearance of its direct effects on the myocardium.
      This transient regional "cardioplegic" effect of nifedipine, associated with an
      increase in coronary blood flow, a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption,
      and a vasodilatation of the epicardial vessels is likely to be beneficial during
      temporary coronary occlusion such as occurs in spasm or transluminal angioplasty.

PMID- 6838732
TI  - Side effects of amrinone therapy.
AB  - We gave intravenous amrinone to 40 patients in heart failure, and oral amrinone
      to 18 patients. Acute intravenous administration caused a significant reduction
      in mean blood pressure and this was severe enough to require correction by plasma
      infusion in five patients. Oral amrinone was accompanied by thrombocytopenia in
      10 patients but no complications were associated with the low platelet count.
      Other potentially serious adverse effects were: abdominal pain (two patients),
      nausea and vomiting (three patients), jaundice (one patient), myositis (one
      patient), pulmonary infiltrates (two patients), and polyserositis (one patient).
      Less serious adverse effects observed were: splenomegaly, eosinophilia, fever,
      headache, reduced tear secretion, dry skin, and nail discoloration. The
      potentially severe adverse reactions with amrinone need to be weighed carefully
      against its benefits in the treatment of heart failure.

PMID- 6838733
TI  - Afterload reduction treatment for large ventricular septal defects. Dependence of
      haemodynamic effects of hydralazine on pretreatment systemic blood flow.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of hydralazine were studied in seven infants and a
      child, each with a large ventricular septal defect. Hydralazine, 0.3 mg/kg, was
      administered intravenously. This caused a lowering of pulmonary arterial pressure
      from 57 +/- 4 mmHg to 49 +/- 4 mmHg, and a lowering of left atrial pressure from
      12 +/- 1 mmHg to 10 +/- 1 mmHg. Systemic vascular resistance was reduced from
      19.0 +/- 2.4 units/m2 to 15.1 +/- 0.9 units/m2. Pulmonary vascular resistance was
      reduced in six cases and increased in two. Systemic blood flow (Qs) increased in
      six cases and was unchanged in one. It decreased in one case where the
      pretreatment Qs was high, that is 6.4 l/min per m2. Pulmonary blood flow (Qp)
      increased in six cases while it decreased in two. These two cases had a
      pretreatment Qs less than 3.0 l/min per m2. The pulmonary to systemic blood flow
      ratio (Qp/Qs ratio) decreased only in three patients who had Qs less than 3.0
      l/min per m2 before hydralazine. In contrast, the Qp/Qs ratio increased in the
      five cases with higher pretreatment Qs. Thus, this study has found that the
      pretreatment Qs alters the effect of hydralazine on the Qp/Qs ratio in large
      ventricular septal defects, thus indicating that afterload reduction treatment
      with hydralazine may be effective in the management of large ventricular septal
      defects by reducing the Qp/Qs ratio in the cases that are associated with a low
      systemic blood flow.

PMID- 6838734
TI  - Malignant hypertension: cardiac structure and function at presentation and during
      therapy.
AB  - We have studied electrocardiograms, chest radiographs, and digitised apex
      echocardiograms in 16 patients with malignant hypertension before and after up to
      six months of antihypertensive treatment and compared them with those of eight
      patients with severe benign hypertension. Adequate blood pressure reduction was
      obtained in 14 with resolution of retinopathy, but one patient died and another
      had poor blood pressure control. Nine had electrocardiographic criteria of left
      ventricular hypertrophy which did not change with treatment and 10 had lateral
      ischaemia which resolved in seven. The malignant hypertensives were divided into
      seven with and nine without a previous hypertensive history. Both groups had
      normal echocardiographic cavity dimensions, but the former group tended to have
      hypertrophy (similar to that in benign hypertensives) and the latter did not.
      After adequate reduction of blood pressure, no change in wall and septal
      thickness occurred (except in one patient with poor blood pressure control). At
      entry, malignant hypertensives showed delayed mitral valve opening with
      significant cavity dimension increase during prolonged isovolumic relaxation,
      reduced peak rate, and prolonged duration of cavity dimension increase and cavity
      shape change (inward wall motion) during the upstroke of the apexcardiogram which
      showed a tall "a" wave. After reduction of blood pressure, though the delay in
      mitral valve opening persisted, the timing of A2 returned towards normal and the
      dimension change during the upstroke of the apexcardiogram and the relative
      height of the "a" wave were reduced but remained significantly different from
      normal. Some patients without a previous hypertensive history may develop a
      malignant phase without left ventricular hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram or
      echocardiogram. They maintain their pump function even with radiological
      pulmonary oedema, have incoordinate relaxation and contraction, and have abnormal
      filling. Similar functional abnormalities were found in malignant hypertensives
      with hypertrophy. Treatment to reduce blood pressure reduces incoordinate
      contraction, but impaired diastolic function persists as in benign hypertension,
      suggesting that these abnormalities are the result of altered myocardial
      properties that may occur without hypertrophy.

PMID- 6838735
TI  - Morphological characterisation of ventricular septal defects associated with
      coarctation of aorta by cross-sectional echocardiography.
AB  - Cross-sectional echocardiograms of 18 neonates and infants with coarctation of
      the aorta and ventricular septal defect were retrospectively assessed. With a
      combination of subcostal and precordial cuts the site and anatomical relations of
      the defects were determined. In one case there was a muscular trabecular
      ventricular septal defect. Three had a malalignment defect with associated left
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In two there was a doubly committed
      subarterial defect with associated malalignment of the point of continuity
      between the aortic and pulmonary valves and the crest of the trabecular septum.
      Twelve cases had a perimembranous defect, with varying degrees of extension into
      the inlet, trabecular, or outlet septum. In this group 10 had associated aortic
      override, with varying degrees of left ventricular outflow tract narrowing.
      Abnormal insertion of the tricuspid valve was observed in 10 cases, such that it
      partly obscured the ventricular septal defect. Thus in most cases of coarctation
      with ventricular septal defect, the morphology of the ventricular septal defect
      and ventricular outflow tracts is such that left ventricular ejection is directed
      towards the pulmonary artery rather than the aorta.

PMID- 6838736
TI  - Two dimensional echocardiography and the tricuspid valve. Leaflet definition and
      prolapse.
AB  - The tricuspid valve was studied in 143 subjects using two dimensional
      echocardiography. The groups studied were 40 normal subjects, 31 patients with
      mitral valve prolapse, 22 with clinically probable tricuspid valve prolapse, 20
      with congestive cardiac failure, and 30 with miscellaneous cardiac conditions but
      no features of right heart disease. Using multiple views it was possible to
      record all three leaflets in 74.8% of cases and anterior and septal leaflets in
      95%. Prolapse of the tricuspid valve was recognised in 13 patients: six (19.5%)
      of the group with mitral valve prolapse and seven (6%) of the remaining patients.
      Prolapse of all three leaflets was shown in one patient, anterior and septal
      prolapse in six patients, anterior and posterior in three patients, septal
      leaflet prolapse alone in two patients, and anterior alone in one patient. Two
      dimensional echocardiography allows definition of individual tricuspid leaflets
      and prolapse of any or all leaflets can be diagnosed. Tricuspid valve prolapse is
      commonly associated with prolapse of mitral valve leaflets but isolated cases are
      recognised.

PMID- 6838737
TI  - Aorto-left ventricular communication after closure. Late postoperative problems.
AB  - The long-term follow-up of six patients operated on for aorto-left ventricular
      communication has been reviewed in detail. All had residual aortic regurgitation
      after the initial repair of the defect. It was severe in four and required
      repeated reoperation in three with ultimate aortic valve replacement. The failure
      of early repair to solve the haemodynamic problem has provoked a reconsideration
      of the basic anatomy, of the surgical approach, and of the postoperative
      physiology of this anomaly. The so called "tunnel" is not a tunnel with length
      but should be considered as a localised breach at the insertion of the right
      coronary cusp. The localised aortic root dilatation at the site is a weakness
      that remains after closure of the tunnel leaving a poorly supported aortic valve
      and a weak root. Thus, the initial repair of the aorto-left ventricular
      communication must not only close the communication but reinforce, strengthen,
      and support the right aortic sinus in order to maintain cusp competence.

PMID- 6838738
TI  - Pericardial abscess causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
      Successful surgical correction.

PMID- 6838739
TI  - Systolic closure of aortic valve in patients with prosthetic mitral valves.

PMID- 6838740
TI  - The benzodiazepines: where next?

PMID- 6838744
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. The use of 0.5% bupivacaine.
AB  - Subarachnoid anaesthesia was induced with 0.5% bupivacaine 2-3.5 ml in 33 women
      scheduled for elective Caesarean section. Three patients failed to develop
      adequate analgesia with bupivacaine but were managed satisfactorily with heavy
      cinchocaine. All the other patients developed adequate analgesia eventually.
      Since the spread of analgesia was uniquely dependent on posture a new hypothesis
      is presented to explain the distribution of intrathecal anaesthetic drugs in late
      pregnancy.

PMID- 6838741
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to enflurane induction followed by suxamethonium in
      children.
AB  - Induction of anaesthesia with enflurane 5 vol% plus 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen
      was followed by suxamethonium 1, 1.5 or 2 mg kg-1 i.v. and the cardiovascular
      changes studied in 58 children. The eyelash reflex disappeared in 44 +/- 1.2
      (SEM)s and the venepuncture could be performed 1.8 +/- 0.05 (SEM) min after the
      start of enflurane anaesthesia. The increase in systolic arterial pressure after
      tracheal intubation was less marked after enflurane than after thiopentone (taken
      from an earlier study). Heart rate increased significantly after all doses of
      suxamethonium, but no cardiac arrhythmias were seen. The QT interval was
      significantly prolonged by enflurane (P less than 0.001), but remained unchanged
      after suxamethonium.

PMID- 6838745
TI  - Heterozygotes for atypical cholinesterase.
AB  - Three hundred and thirty-two patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy
      received thiopentone and suxamethonium. In 31 the duration of the apnoea was
      greater than an assumed upper limit of normal of 240 s. Eight of these patients
      proved, on biochemical grounds, to be heterozygotes for the atypical gene. The
      reason why the heterozygous state is rarely present in those who have prolonged
      apnoea is that the vast majority of those who suffer from this abnormality are
      only slightly more sensitive to suxamethonium than are normal individuals.

PMID- 6838743
TI  - Posture and the spread of extradural analgesia in labour.
AB  - Thirty-five patients kept in a sitting position for 5 min after a standard
      extradural injection in labour were compared with 54 patients maintained in the
      left lateral position throughout. The mean upper limit of analgesia was
      unchanged. A significant shift of the mean lower limit occurred in the sitting
      patients (P = 0.05, two-tailed), but contrary to classical teaching this was in a
      cephalad direction. Successful sacral blockade (analgesia at S234) and asymmetry
      of blockade occurred in a similar proportion of each group. It was concluded that
      the sitting position conferred no clinical advantage to patients receiving
      extradural analgesia in labour.

PMID- 6838742
TI  - Psychomimetic reactions after low-dose ketamine infusion. Comparison with
      neuroleptanaesthesia.
AB  - Low-dose ketamine anaesthesia was compared with neuroleptanaesthesia, in respect
      of immediate and longer-term psychomimetic reactions, in 40 female patients
      undergoing elective gynaecological surgery. Qualitatively, but not
      quantitatively, different psychomimetic reactions occurred in both groups. In the
      neurolept group the predominant complaint was of a dissociative nature, reported
      after 24 h by 11 (55%) of the patients, while in the ketamine group the
      predominant experience was dreaming, reported by eight (40%) of the patients
      after 24 h. Interviews after 3 months revealed a low frequency of psychomimetic
      reactions in both groups. However, 30% of all the patients (12) complained of
      impairment of intellectual function, and in seven patients this was severe enough
      to interfere with their ability to work.

PMID- 6838746
TI  - Comparison of effects of intraoperative and postoperative methadone: acute
      tolerance to the postoperative dose?
AB  - The effects of methadone 10 mg administered in two different clinical contexts,
      at induction of anaesthesia and following operation, were studied in two groups
      of patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. The intraoperative group
      received methadone 10 mg i.v. at induction of anaesthesia as part of a balanced
      anaesthetic technique. The postoperative group received methadone 10 mg i.v.
      following operation, extradural bupivacaine being used for the operative period.
      A demand analgesia system delivering methadone i.v. was used after operation in
      both groups. Arterial blood-gas tensions, cortisol and glucose concentrations,
      analgesic effects and plasma methadone concentrations were compared in the two
      groups. The only major difference between the two groups was in analgesic
      requirement. At the time of connection to the demand system the two groups had
      the same plasma methadone concentrations. Subsequently, the postoperative group
      had a significantly greater analgesic requirement which resulted in significantly
      greater plasma methadone concentrations the following morning. Thus, the
      administration of methadone following operation appeared to exert less analgesic
      effect than the same dose given during operation. The reasons for this are
      discussed.

PMID- 6838747
TI  - Hemifacial spasm: a new technique of facial nerve blockade.
AB  - A new technique of facial nerve blockade using a special needle and a nerve
      stimulator was introduced. The results in patients suffering from hemifacial
      spasm are reported. This technique reduced the difficulties in identifying the
      facial nerve and decreased the suffering associated with the conventional way of
      creating these blocks. The technique described may also allow titration of
      neurolytic agent which may produce complete relief from spasm with much less
      likelihood of facial paralysis after the nerve blockade.

PMID- 6838749
TI  - Catecholamine responses during anaesthesia for phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured, at frequent intervals, in a 40
      yr-old female patient undergoing resection of a phaeochromocytoma under enflurane
      anaesthesia. Measurements before operation revealed that the tumour secreted
      predominantly noradrenaline and during surgery the plasma concentration of the
      hormone increased markedly (180 pmol ml-1; normal range 1.5-3.0 pmol ml-1).
      Plasma adrenaline concentrations increased markedly only at endotracheal
      intubation and in the period immediately after operation.

PMID- 6838750
TI  - Perioperative management of the prolonged Q-T interval syndrome.
AB  - This report describes the anaesthetic management of a ventricular arrhythmia
      prone patient with a prolonged Q-T interval for closed reduction and wiring of a
      mandibular fracture. The patient was premedicated with propranolol and
      anaesthetized with isoflurane (inhalation). Documentation of heart rate v. Q-T
      interval revealed the benefit of this technique.

PMID- 6838751
TI  - Hypotensive and normotensive anaesthesia in total hip replacement a comparative
      study.

PMID- 6838752
TI  - Blood film appearances in the hyposplenism of coeliac disease.

PMID- 6838748
TI  - Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on the pre-S-phase cell cycle kinetics of
      mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of previously healthy people.
AB  - The influence of general anaesthesia, and of operative surgery, on immune
      responsiveness was studied in blood obtained from 26 women undergoing
      laparoscopic sterilization (minor operation group) and in 14 women undergoing
      abdominal hysterectomy (major operation group). Since immunity depends ultimately
      on clonal expansion of lymphocytes, the growth potential of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes was studied in tissue culture by mitogen stimulation. There was no
      evidence of any change in either the number of responding cells (those that have
      left the resting G0-phase and responded to mitogen stimulation by entering the G1
      phase of the first cycle of growth) or in the rate at which cells grow in volume
      during the period of study. It was concluded that there was no evidence that
      anaesthesia, or surgery, impaired this aspect of the immune response in our
      patients, but the design of the experiments does not allow comment on other
      aspects of the immune response such as antigen presentation, immunoregulation and
      effector mechanisms, which are superimposed on the basic clonal expansion
      mechanisms studied in this investigation. Incidentally, we noted that the
      standard method for isolation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood frequently
      yielded highly contaminated preparations: if this fallacy was not appreciated,
      tests with contaminated lymphocytes could be misinterpreted as showing
      depression.

PMID- 6838753
TI  - Single dose cross-over theophylline bioavailability study.

PMID- 6838754
TI  - Bilateral compound fractures of the infant skull caused by dog bite.

PMID- 6838755
TI  - Large bowel perforation due to excessive bran ingestion.

PMID- 6838757
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Student Stress Inventory (Sixth Form Version).

PMID- 6838759
TI  - Process measures of problem and non-problem children's classroom behaviour: the
      influence of teacher behaviour variables.

PMID- 6838758
TI  - Imaginative play training as an intervention method with institutionalised
      preschool children.

PMID- 6838756
TI  - Blunt injury of the pancreas.

PMID- 6838760
TI  - A histopathological and histochemical study of the ovaries of mice experimentally
      infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Thirty-two female mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and 16 non-infected
      control mice were studied. They were killed by cervical dislocation, dissected
      and their ovaries examined histopathologically and histochemically. Ovaries of
      infected mice showed definite structural damage. No ova, worms or specific
      granulomata were detected. The study points to a possible immunological mechanism
      producing such changes simulating those occurring in schistosomal nephropathy.
      Detection of immune complexes in such organs is recommended.

PMID- 6838761
TI  - The establishment and characterization of a cell line and mouse xenografts from a
      human malignant melanoma.
AB  - A permanent cell line has been established from a human intracranial secondary
      melanoma. During 3 years of continuous growth in vitro the cells have maintained
      their characteristic phenotypic properties including melanin production. The
      cultured cells are highly tumorigenic in the athymic mouse and the tumours
      produced are histologically identical to the human tumour of origin.

PMID- 6838762
TI  - The effects of changes in the environmental temperature on the growth of tail
      bones in the mouse.
AB  - The tails of baby mice grow rapidly and independently of environmental
      temperature because they are kept warm by their mothers. After weaning, at
      approximately 3 weeks of age, tail growth is strictly related to environmental
      temperatures. During the first 2 weeks after weaning growth rates of 1.2-1.4
      mm/day/tail were seen at 33 degrees and a maximum of 2.43 mm/day/tail was
      observed in one group kept at 36 degrees. Animals kept at 8 degrees or 4 degrees
      showed tail growth rates of 0.4 mm/day or less. However, the tails of animals
      transferred from either hot to cold or cold to hot during their first 2 weeks
      after weaning immediately grew at the same rate as those of animals kept in these
      conditions continuously, thus indicating that heat was acting directly on bone
      growth. The tails of animals kept continuously in the hot environment at 33
      degrees completed their growth early so that their growth rate fell below that of
      controls after about 3 weeks of treatment (when they were 6-7 weeks old) and
      below that of "cold" animals after about 4 weeks (7-8 weeks old). The tails of
      the "control" and "cold" animals grew slowly for a very long time, 150-195 days.
      Even so, because of the very rapid early growth of tails in the hot environment,
      their final length was always greater than either the "control" or "cold" tails.

PMID- 6838763
TI  - The effects of changes in the environmental temperature on the growth of bone in
      the mouse. Radiological and morphological study.
AB  - Groups of 25-day-old mice were kept at 33 degrees, 21 degrees and 8 degrees for
      up to 195 days. Measurements and observations on length, width, gross and
      microscopic structure using radiological and histological techniques were made on
      central and peripheral bones. Tail bones of animals kept at 33 degrees grew
      longer and faster than those in the cold but also closed their epiphyses earlier.
      The diaphyses of "hot" vertebrae were cylindrical but "cold" and "control"
      vertebrae were of narrower diameter in their mid-diaphyses compared to their
      distal ends producing a "waisted" appearance. The "cold" vertebrae in addition
      showed thickened cortical bone and more woven bone in the marrow cavity. These
      changes were interpreted as indicating a disproportionate sensitivity of external
      apposition of cortical bone to cold. The internal remodelling of bone as the
      vertebrae grew was only affected by the coldest conditions and accounted for the
      thickened cortex and denser woven bone in the marrow cavity.

PMID- 6838764
TI  - The implications of the changes in the nature of the urinary proteins which occur
      in albumin overload-induced proteinuria in normal mice.
AB  - Mice with normal urine were given daily injections of human serum albumin for 7
      days. Blood and urine samples were obtained at regular intervals during the first
      24 h and daily throughout the injection period, and for 6 days after the
      injections had been stopped. Control mice which received saline injections were
      studied in a similar fashion. Albumin-injected mice developed peak urinary total
      protein concentrations and peak incidence of high and medium mol. wt proteinuria
      after the third daily injection. Despite the fact that plasma total protein and
      plasma albumin concentrations remained elevated, both the total urinary protein
      and the incidence of large proteins fell after the third day. Saline-injected
      mice did not show unusual changes in the range of total urinary protein, but over
      the first 3 days a small percentage developed proteinuria. Explanations for the
      observed changes were sought on the basis that glomerular basement membranes are
      thixotropic gels and are therefore pressure-dependent. It was concluded that the
      changes in urinary proteins could be due to the effects of combinations of the
      following factors: (a) the existence of an auto-regulatory mechanism which by
      stimulating afferent arteriolar constriction reduced glomerular pressure; (b) the
      reduction of the protein content of a proteinaceous filtrate because of protein
      absorption by glomerular epithelial cells; and (c) as both saline-injected and
      albumin-injected mice developed proteinuria during the first 3 days, it is
      speculated that volume expansion also contributed to the proteinuria, through its
      effects at the level of efferent arterioles.

PMID- 6838766
TI  - Immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies in lymphomatoid
      papulosis.
AB  - In lymphomatoid papulosis two histological types can be distinguished, i.e. type
      A and type B. In the present study various immunological, enzyme-histochemical
      and ultrastructural techniques were used to investigate the cellular infiltrate
      in both types of lymphomatoid papulosis. The type A lesions showed a predominance
      of large atypical cells, relatively few T cells and few or no Langerhans or
      related cells, as defined by a positive staining for OKT6 and NA I/34 antisera.
      The immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of these
      large atypical cells resembled those of the Langerhans cell/interdigitating
      reticulum cell series. The morphology and marker profile of these large cells
      resembled those of Reed-Sternberg cells, which suggests a relationship between
      lymphomatoid papulosis type A and Hodgkin's disease. The type B lesions showed a
      predominance of small, medium-sized and large cerebriform mononuclear cells with
      the phenotype of activated T helper cells, and numerous Langerhans and/or related
      cells. Their cellular composition was similar to that observed in the early
      stages of mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 6838765
TI  - Reconstruction of the microscopic transmural edge of experimentally infarcted
      canine myocardium.
AB  - Experimental myocardial infarction of the posterolateral left ventricular wall in
      2 dog hearts, the result of 1 h of occlusion of the left circumflex coronary
      artery followed by 4 days of reperfusion, was studied post mortem by serial
      histological sectioning. Microscopic examination in a transverse plane showed a
      zone of apparent necrotic muscle removal which formed a continuous boundary
      between necrotic and normal myocardium without outlying, detached "islands" of
      necrosis. Reconstruction of the histological transmural edge of infarction at its
      interface with viable subepicardial muscle demonstrated wide overlapping and
      angulated interdigitation of the separated tissues across the midzone of the
      ventricular wall. The observed 3-dimensional spatial complexity of the transmural
      infarct boundary may be a limiting factor in successful evaluation of this
      experimentally important region.

PMID- 6838767
TI  - Specific incorporation of penicillamine into the epidermis of mice: an
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - [3H]-D-penicillamine was injected intra-peritoneally in mice. The highest
      concentration of the drug was found in the skin, particularly in the epidermis,
      and a well-defined kinetic sequence of appearance in the epidermis was shown.
      This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that penicillamine, by virtue of
      its chemical similarity to cysteine, can replace the latter during keratogenesis
      by a competition phenomenon, which could provoke acantholytic splitting both
      biochemically and immunologically.

PMID- 6838768
TI  - Abnormal lymphocyte function following long-term PUVA therapy for psoriasis.
AB  - The surface markers and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in
      patients on long-term therapy with methoxsalen and UV-A radiation (PUVA). Ten
      patients with psoriasis were selected because they had received a high exposure
      to PUVA therapy, i.e., more than 200 treatments over 2-6 years with cumulative
      exposure doses of 1700-6000 J/cm2 UV-A radiation. Results were compared to those
      obtained with lymphocytes from untreated patients and UV-B treated patients with
      psoriasis. The PUVA-treated patients had low levels of E rosette-forming cells in
      the peripheral blood and markedly impaired lymphocyte responses following
      stimulation with optimal and suboptimal doses of mitogens. The sensitivity of
      lymphocytes to in vitro treatment with PUVA was similar in the three groups of
      patients. The results of this study indicate that long-term PUVA therapy alters
      the function and cell-surface markers or distribution of lymphocytes.

PMID- 6838769
TI  - Methotrexate inhibits polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis in psoriasis.
AB  - Six patients suffering from widespread psoriasis were treated with 20 mg
      methotrexate (MTX) intramuscularly and the chemotactic activity of peripheral
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was measured before and after treatment. The
      modified Boyden chamber method was used and C5a, FMLP, casein and autologous
      fresh serum served as chemotaxins. Following MTX the chemotactic migration of PMN
      was inhibited by more than 50% for 2 days and slowly recovered within the
      following 5 days. The inhibition was present with all of the four chemotaxins
      used. The results demonstrate that treatment with low dose MTX in patients with
      psoriasis causes a profound inhibition of PMN function. These findings support
      the idea that PMN play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

PMID- 6838770
TI  - Dithranol-UV-A phototherapy (DUVA) for psoriasis: a treatment without dressings.
AB  - Dithranol in yellow soft paraffin with 2% salicylic acid was applied daily
      (increasing concentrations from 0.2% to 5%) for 1 hour to twenty consecutive
      patients with diffuse psoriasis. The ointment was then washed off and patients
      were irradiated with 10 J cm-2 of UV-A radiation since the absorption spectrum of
      dithranol is maximum in the UV-A waveband. The median clearance time was 14 days
      (range 7-39 days). No dressings were required. The patients were allowed to apply
      an emollient if the skin became dry.

PMID- 6838771
TI  - Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of thalidomide in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
      (CDLE) was studied in sixty patients who were followed up for 2 years. In fifty
      four patients (90%) a complete or marked regression of the disease was observed,
      but when the thalidomide was stopped, thirty out of forty-one (71%) patients
      relapsed. Patients undergoing a second course of thalidomide treatment again
      responded well. Nine of the patients in whom the disease recurred after
      successful treatment with thalidomide and who had been unresponsive to
      intermittent treatment with antimalarials, showed a good response to a second or
      third course with thalidomide. Mild side-effects were common and 25% of patients
      complained of slight to moderate polyneuritic symptoms. Since electroneurological
      examinations had not been performed before the thalidomide therapy, the frequency
      of neurological side-effects cannot be accurately calculated but we recommend
      neurological examinations before and periodically during thalidomide treatment.
      Thalidomide is a very effective drug in CDLE, but in most cases it exerts its
      effect only whilst treatment is continued. Its use should be restricted to
      patients resistant to topical steroids and systemic antimalarials.

PMID- 6838772
TI  - Thalidomide in actinic prurigo.
AB  - Fourteen patients suffering from actinic prurigo were treated with thalidomide.
      Eleven patients showed lasting improvement on the drug and three of these
      remained symptom-free after discontinuing therapy. No major side-effects were
      observed. Thalidomide is an effective drug in the treatment of actinic prurigo
      but it must be used with adequate contraception in women of child-bearing age.

PMID- 6838773
TI  - Dowling-Degos disease (reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures) is an
      autosomal dominant condition.

PMID- 6838774
TI  - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa presenting with congenital localized absence of
      skin: report of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of epidermolysis bullosa presenting with congenital absence of skin
      are described. These cases were shown to be dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa on
      clinical and ultrastructural findings. They demonstrate that congenital localized
      absence of skin (Bart's syndrome) may be the presenting sign of epidermolysis
      bullosa.

PMID- 6838775
TI  - The Michelson Lecture. Delusions of parasitosis.

PMID- 6838776
TI  - Generalized racemose livedo and neurological lesions.

PMID- 6838778
TI  - Hair loss following lithium therapy.

PMID- 6838777
TI  - Squamous carcinoma induced by topical idoxuridine therapy?

PMID- 6838779
TI  - Synchrony in mother-infant interaction: a possible neurophysiological base.
AB  - The extent to which mothers and their infants can synchronize their activity
      levels and cycles of engagement and disengagement has been seen as fundamental to
      healthy affective development in the infant. Ten mothers and their infants were
      studied to consider the possibility of a neurophysiological base to
      synchronization potential. The infants' neurophysiological capacities were
      examined within two to three days of birth using the Brazelton Neonatal
      Behavioural Assessment Scale. The same infants and their mothers were assessed in
      their interactions after three months. The mothers' physiological responses to
      stimulation also were examined. Significant correlations were found between
      neonatal responsivity to stimuli and motor maturity, maternal stimulus screening
      capacity and the nature of the mother-infant interaction at three months. In
      particular, infants who were more socially responsive and attentive to stimuli
      had mothers with a greater capacity for 'screening out' redundant stimuli.
      Moreover, these same dyads spent more time in social engagement and had fewer
      cycles of disengagement. These findings, together with other studies, suggest
      that particular neurophysiological capacities of mothers and infants may be more
      conducive to the synchronization of their interactions than others. This raises
      the possibility that the chaotic asynchrony observed in clinically diagnosed
      mother-infant disturbances may have a neurophysiological base.

PMID- 6838780
TI  - A comparison of the attitudes of young anorexia nervosa patients and non-patients
      with those of their mothers.
AB  - Attitudes towards 'sickness', 'arguments', 'tension', 'social isolation',
      'thinness', 'growing up' and 'grown up' were investigated in 20 young female
      anorexia nervosa patients and their mothers, and in 32 volunteer non-patient
      schoolgirls and their mothers. A computer-generated semantic differential
      questionnaire was completed by each daughter and her mother, first for herself
      and then as she thought the other person would have answered it. The majority of
      significant differences occurred between the anorexic daughters and their mothers
      as a group, and the non-patient daughters and mothers as a group. The anorexia
      nervosa group rated 'sickness', 'arguments' and 'tension' more favourably than
      did the non-patients, while the patients rated 'thinness' and 'social isolation'
      less favourably than did the non-patient group. Neither group of mothers and
      daughters consistently misjudged each other.

PMID- 6838781
TI  - Locus of control in obesity: predictors of success in a jaw-wiring programme.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-three obese women were administered a modified version of
      the Reid-Ware Locus of Control questionnaire prior to jaw wiring. The factorial
      structure of the questionnaire was examined, and found to be primarily a
      unidimensional measure of internal and external locus of control, with two
      subscales. Total score had greatest predictive validity in terms of the four
      criteria of success of weight loss while wired, percentage weight loss of wiring
      weight, weight gain over six months, and compliance with the treatment regime.
      Twenty items of the scale predicted success on one or more of these criteria of
      success, and are presented as an abbreviated locus of control scale with a higher
      degree of validity than the original scale.

PMID- 6838782
TI  - Clinical features and motives among 42 artifactual illness patients.
AB  - This paper describes the salient clinical features and histories of 42 patients
      whose artifactual condition gained them admittance to hospital. Most were female,
      single, separated or divorced, emotionally deprived in childhood and/or
      adulthood, and 'psychopathic'. Also common were poor work records, court
      convictions, drug and/or alcoholic histories and aggressive traits and/or acts.
      However, 50 per cent were in caring professions and 28 per cent socially
      conformist. Distinct subgroups were wanderers, non-wanderers, single-system and
      multiple-system patients, haemorrhagic and psychiatric patients. Seventy-four per
      cent seemed to be experiencing severe unacknowledged sexual and/or marital
      problems, 32 per cent sought more general attention, 10 per cent were
      compensating for loss of parents or spouse, and 12 per cent were escaping things
      or trying to obtain things retrospectively. Haemorrhagic and psychiatric
      subgroups of artifactual illness had not previously been described. Non-wanderers
      were significantly more cooperative in follow-up than wanderers. The
      psychopathology of this disturbance is discussed.

PMID- 6838783
TI  - Humour in group psychotherapy.
AB  - The role of humour in group psychotherapy has received scant attention from both
      clinician and researcher. We have identified, and attempted to classify, several
      uses to which humour can be put in a group. We also point out the destructive
      potential of humour, and categorize its misapplications. We hope our scheme will
      serve as a framework within which systematic research can be conducted.

PMID- 6838785
TI  - Communication between doctors and psychologists.
AB  - Changing roles of the psychologist over the past 30 years or so have been rapid
      and fundamental. This has led to difficulties when psychologist and doctor do not
      see the former's role in the same way. Psychologists achieve clinical
      independence for their work rather sooner than doctors do, and if this is not
      understood there can be difficulties in communication. If the doctor and
      psychologist employ different theoretical models of illness, this may affect the
      ease with which agreed therapeutic strategies are reached. The respective roles
      played by the doctor and the psychologist may be consonant, in that both are
      research, or both are clinically, oriented. When this is not the case,
      difficulties may occur. It is suggested that job descriptions should be agreed
      before appointments are made. Unresolved tensions concerning clinical
      responsibility may cause communication difficulties. It is suggested that the
      claims of functional leadership over status leadership be examined.

PMID- 6838784
TI  - Psychoanalysis and the science of problem-solving man: an appreciation of
      Popper's philosophy and a response to Will (1980).
AB  - Popper's philosophy has been often misrepresented in the debate about the
      scientific status of psychoanalysis by pseudo-Popperians who use the idea of
      falsifiability without rejecting positivism and inductive logic. The debate
      itself is misconceived because it is based on the outdated positivist assumption
      that what is not science is not important. Partially submerged by this, however,
      is a very important debate about method. The issues are clearly focused by what
      is here called "Hill's problem', that of finding a common framework in which the
      contributions of organic, psychodynamic and social psychiatry can be discusses
      and applied to clinical problem solving. Will's paper brings out many fundamental
      problems. This reply discussed misapprehended aspects of Popper's world view and
      introduces his plural interactionalist metaphysical research programme. It
      demonstrates the close similarity of Popper's view of science which Lorenz calls
      'hypothetical realism' with Bhaskar's 'transcendental realism' which Will
      advocates for psychoanalysis. The differences hinge on concepts of explanation
      and the methods of theory testing. It is here argued that Popper's view is better
      fitted for the task Will proposes. The resemblance of 'hypothetical realism' to
      the clinical tradition further demonstrates its applicability to Hill's problem.

PMID- 6838786
TI  - Birthweight and ethnicity.

PMID- 6838787
TI  - High birthweight in an ethnic group of low socioeconomic status.
AB  - Analysis of 14 219 births in West Jerusalem showed that infants of North African
      origin had a higher birthweight than infants of other ethnic groups. The group of
      mothers of North African origin included a relatively high proportion from the
      lowest social classes. The observed excess birthweight was apparent after
      allowing for the effects of gestation, maternal body size, baby's sex, parity and
      smoking. Maternal age and season of birth also had a significant effect on
      birthweight. Birthweight was higher if the mother had immigrated to Israel after
      the age of 10 years than if she had immigrated at a younger age, or had been born
      in Israel.

PMID- 6838788
TI  - A comparative analysis of birthweight for gestational age standards.
AB  - The possible consequences of the use of various birthweight-for-gestational age
      standards in a local population were investigated. Birthweight-for-gestational
      age standards based on the analysis of 55 387 births occurring to women resident
      in the area of the Greater Glasgow Health Board (GGHB) between 1975 and 1979 were
      estimated. The Glasgow based standard was then compared with a number of growth
      standards reported for other populations, including the widely adopted standards
      of Thomson et al. (1968). The relative performance of each standard when applied
      to the Glasgow population was assessed by calculating the sensitivity,
      specificity and predictive value of the various standards vis-a-vis the
      distribution of light-for-dates infants defined according to the Glasgow
      standard. The results suggest that both the accurate assessment of fetal growth
      at birth and the evaluation of screening procedures for antenatal detection of
      growth retardation require growth standards reflecting the pattern of fetal
      growth and development in the population at risk.

PMID- 6838789
TI  - Changes in serum immunoreactive erythropoietin during the menstrual cycle and
      normal pregnancy.
AB  - Immunoreactive erythropoietin was estimated in samples of serum collected during
      the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in seven women and in
      sera collected sequentially throughout normal pregnancy in these and three other
      women. Estimates of serum erythropoietin during the follicular and luteal phases
      of the menstrual cycle were almost identical. During pregnancy in all 10 subjects
      serum erythropoietin increased at some time after 8 weeks gestation. These
      changes were not related to other endocrine values, to indicators of
      haematological and renal function or to infant birthweight except that changes in
      serum erythropoietin and placental lactogen were related (P less than 0.00001).
      In one other woman treated over 17 weeks of pregnancy with continuous intravenous
      infusion of salbutamol, erythropoietin levels were within the range found in
      normal pregnancies.

PMID- 6838790
TI  - Transfer before delivery on Merseyside: an analysis of the first 140 patients.
AB  - Pregnant women (140) were transferred to the Regional Unit between May 1979 and
      December 1981 for delivery of preterm infants considered to be at risk. The 144
      live infants and seven stillbirths that were delivered had a mean birthweight of
      1.37 kg and a mean gestation of 29 weeks; there were nine abortions. In 1980 the
      uncorrected neonatal survival for very low birthweight infants was significantly
      better for those transferred before delivery (81%) than for infants born in the
      Region and not transferred (52%). The survival of very low birthweight infants
      transferred after delivery was 53%.

PMID- 6838791
TI  - Fetal urinary tract obstruction: is active intervention before delivery
      indicated?
AB  - Obstruction of the urinary tract was diagnosed by ultrasound in four fetuses at
      16-30 weeks: three of these diagnoses were confirmed after delivery; the fourth
      fetus had multicystic kidneys with hydroureter and hydronephrosis but no
      obstruction. The fetus with obstruction diagnosed at 16 weeks was terminated: it
      had lung hypoplasia with the prune-belly syndrome. The other two fetuses with
      obstruction were diagnosed at 25 and 34 weeks; the urinary tracts of both were
      drained for 5-14 days with reduction of distension. Both were born alive but that
      diagnosed at 25 weeks died of lung hypoplasia, the other survived, required
      nephrectomy and at the age of 3 is small but developing normally. Fetal urinary
      tract obstruction may prevent normal development of the lungs, be associated with
      other anomalies which cannot be diagnosed before delivery and retard infant
      development in survivors. Drainage of the dilated urinary tract does not harm the
      fetus or mother but has not been shown to improve neonatal survival or infant
      development.

PMID- 6838794
TI  - Carcinoma of the bladder with a metastasis in the clitoris.

PMID- 6838793
TI  - Borderline tumour of the broad ligament. Case report.

PMID- 6838792
TI  - Cervical pregnancy treated by ligation of the descending branch of the uterine
      arteries. Case report.

PMID- 6838795
TI  - Recurrence of the luteinized unruptured follicle.

PMID- 6838796
TI  - Comparison of 2 interferometers for predicting visual acuity in patients with
      cataract.
AB  - Two clinical interferometers generated gratings directly on to the retina in
      young experienced observers and also in patients about to undergo cataract
      surgery. Eyes in the patients with no media opacities were used as controls. We
      agreed with the manufacturers' claims that gratings are seen on the retina
      independent of refractive state and that gratings can still be seen through most
      cataracts. However, we did not find that preoperative retinal visual acuity was
      of any value in predicting postoperative Snellen visual acuity. Reasons for this
      are discussed.

PMID- 6838797
TI  - Day-case cataract surgery.
AB  - The results of 501 day-case cataract extractions are presented. This is a safe
      way to manage an operation for which there will be an increased demand. Only 13%
      of these patients stated that they would have preferred to stay in hospital after
      surgery.

PMID- 6838798
TI  - Combined posterior contusion and penetrating injury in the pig eye. III. A
      controlled treatment trial of vitrectomy.
AB  - A controlled trial of vitrectomy following combined experimental posterior
      contusion and penetrating eye injury was performed on a group of pigs at 1 day, 2
      weeks, and at 10 weeks after the initial injury. Severe intraoperative
      haemorrhage occurred in 5 eyes operated on at  day after injury and in one eye
      operated on at 2 weeks after injury, but no haemorrhage occurred when surgery was
      performed 10 weeks after injury.

PMID- 6838800
TI  - Multifocal fibrosclerosis associated with suprasellar and macular lesions.
AB  - Multifocal fibrosclerosis is a term used to denote a combination of similar
      fibrous disorders occurring at different anatomical sites and including
      idiopathic mediastinal and retroperitoneal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis,
      Riedel's thyroiditis, and orbital pseudotumour. This paper reports a patient,
      known to have retroperitoneal and testicular fibrosis, who suffered visual loss
      resulting from marked changes in the macular region of one eye and suprasellar
      extension of a mass in the pituitary fossa. These lesions appear to represent
      very uncommon manifestations of multifocal fibrosclerosis.

PMID- 6838799
TI  - Quantitation of angiogenesis factor in bovine retina and tumour extracts by means
      of radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Using an antiserum raised against tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) we have
      developed a radioimmunoassay for retina and tumour angiogenesis factor(s). This
      antiserum was previously shown to bind to both human and animal tumour extracts
      and to inhibit the angiogenesis induced by TAF in vivo. TAF from rat Walker
      tumour was used for iodination by the chloramine-T method. An excess of 125I
      labelled TAF was incubated with TAF antibody in the absence (maximum binding) and
      presence (inhibition of maximum binding) of unlabelled tissue extract. A double
      antibody technique was used to separate free and bound TAF. Unlabelled human
      Wilms tumour TAF was used as a standard. The extent of inhibition of 125I-TAF
      anti-TAF binding provided a measure of TAF in tissue extracts examined. Extracts
      of normal bovine retina, cornea, lung, aorta, lymph nodes, iris, vitreous humour,
      and human tumours and normal human pituitary and liver were assayed. Only bovine
      retina and human tumours were found to contain angiogenesis factor. These
      findings, together with our earlier results, suggest that angiogenesis factor
      from both bovine retina and human tumours induce angiogenesis in vivo and possess
      common antigenic determinants. The presence of angiogenesis factor in healthy
      retina and its relationship to neovascularisation in clinical conditions is
      discussed.

PMID- 6838802
TI  - Abnormal evoked potential latencies in amblyopia.
AB  - The latency of the first (P1) and second (P2) major positive waves of the pattern
      reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) for small checks (15 minutes of arc) was
      measured in 68 visually normal children and 32 amblyopic children with mild to
      moderate visual acuity losses. In the normal children there were no P1 and P2
      interocular latency differences. The amblyopic children showed longer P1
      latencies and shorter P2 latencies in their amblyopic eye than their normal
      fellow eye. These findings can be accounted for by a selective loss of the
      contrast-specific evoked potential mechanisms in amblyopia. The 'shorter' P2
      latency obtained from amblyopic eyes for small checks is a reflection of the
      luminance responses that are normally elicited by larger (60 minute) checks.

PMID- 6838803
TI  - Magnetic orbital implants.
AB  - Sixty-six consecutive cases undergoing enucleation with the insertion of the
      Roper-Hall magnetic implant at the Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital (BMEH)
      were followed up to re-establish the rate of extrusion. It was possible to study
      the records of all 66 patients. An extrusion rate of 1.5% was found.

PMID- 6838801
TI  - Ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension: a case
      report.
AB  - The exact function of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of
      intraocular pressure remains unclear. Many observers have noted reduced
      intraocular pressure in eyes whose sympathetic supply has been interrupted. A
      case of ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension is
      reported. Reports on the relationship between intraocular pressure and
      sympathetic denervation are reviewed and their relevance to this case discussed.

PMID- 6838804
TI  - Corneal thickness response to high and low water content lenses in aphakic eyes.
AB  - A high water content lens (Scanlens 75, +14.5 dioptres) and a low water content
      lens (Bausch and Lomb Soflens H3, +14.5 dioptres) were compared with respect to
      corneal thickness response after 6 hours of wear in a provocative test on 12
      aphakic eyes. The mean increase in central corneal thickness was 3.3% for
      Scanlens and 6.4% for Soflens. This difference is statistically highly
      significant (p less than 0.001). There seems to be a correlation between the
      response to Scanlens and that to Soflens when the responses of each eye were
      plotted against each other. Average lens thickness correlated somewhat better
      with corneal thickness increase than did central lens thickness.

PMID- 6838805
TI  - Bilateral and unilateral mesodermal corneal metaplasia.
AB  - We report on 2 infants, one with a bilateral and the other with a unilateral
      corneal metaplasia. The first case with bilateral corneal metaplasia showed
      shortening of both upper and lower lids with formation of symblephara. By
      ultrasonography the right eye presented with microphthalmos, aphakia, and
      persistent hyaloid, whereas the inner parts of the left eye appeared to be
      normal. The question remains to be answered whether this is an abortive
      cryptophthalmos leading to bilateral corneal metaplasia or a primary corneal
      metaplasia inhibiting the lid growth. No suggestions concerning the aetiology are
      made. The second case presented with a unilateral corneal metaplasia, normal eye
      lids, aphakia, and microphthalmos. This aberration was probably caused by an
      amniotic band, as it is associated with malformation of the nose on the same
      side. In case 2 the dermoid was excised and a lamellar corneal graft performed.
      The histology is reported.

PMID- 6838807
TI  - Astigmatism following retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - Eighty-three patients on whom successful retinal detachment had been performed
      were studied to note astigmatic changes following surgery. In the majority of
      cases the errors following such surgery are of no great clinical importance.
      However, in some situations a high degree of astigmatism may be produced. This
      study showed that these sequelae are particularly likely after radial buckling
      procedures, and surgeons favouring these techniques should be aware that
      astigmatic errors can be induced. The astigmatic errors may persist for several
      years after surgery.

PMID- 6838806
TI  - Mycobacterium chelonei keratitis: a case report.
AB  - The case is reported of a patient who initially presented with a dendritiform
      corneal ulcer that ultimately failed to heal and in which Mycobacterium chelonei
      was repeatedly cultured. The organism was sensitive only to kanamycin and
      amikacin; however, topical administration of these antibiotics failed to achieve
      a complete cure. Penetrating keratoplasty was ultimately required to eradicate
      the organism from the cornea.

PMID- 6838808
TI  - Ocular myiasis.

PMID- 6838809
TI  - Light-chain phosphorylation and cross-bridge conformation in myosin from
      vertebrate skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect of phosphorylation of the myosin light chains (LC-2) on cross-bridge
      conformation in synthetic myosin filaments from vertebrate skeletal muscle was
      studied by using chemical cross-linking and chymotryptic digestion methods.
      Phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin filaments, which were used in these
      experiments, had similar sedimentation coefficients, turbidities, and rates of
      growth from the respective minifilament structures. The proteolytic
      susceptibility at the heavy meromyosin-light meromyosin (HMM-LMM) junction was
      somewhat greater in the phosphorylated than in the dephosphorylated filaments at
      both pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. At the same time, the normalized rate of subfragment 2 (S
      2) cross-linking to the filament surface, kS-2/kLMM, was reduced by
      phosphorylation of myosin. These results are consistent with partial release of
      cross-bridges from the thick filament surface in phosphorylated myosin filaments.

PMID- 6838810
TI  - Binding of gizzard smooth muscle myosin subfragment 1 to actin in the presence
      and absence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.

PMID- 6838811
TI  - Determination of cis-trans proline isomerization by trypsin proteolysis.
      Application to a model pentapeptide and to oxidized ribonuclease A.
AB  - It is shown, by examination of a model pentapeptide, that trypsin will only
      cleave substrate bonds in a polypeptide chain when the peptide bond following the
      active bond is in the trans isomeric state. The cis form must isomerize to trans
      before it can be cleaved. Taking advantage of this isomeric specificity, the
      sequence-Lys91-Tyr92-Pro93- is examined in oxidized RNase A. It is shown that the
      Tyr-Pro bond exists 33% in the cis form at equilibrium and that the cis-to-trans
      relaxation time for isomerization is 5.0 min at 10 degrees C. The fragment 92-98
      has about the same cis content (35%) as does oxidized RNase A but has a much
      slower relaxation time (11 min). This suggests that overall chain dynamics may
      exert some effect on the kinetics of isomerization.

PMID- 6838812
TI  - Isomerization of proline-93 during the unfolding and refolding of ribonuclease A.
AB  - Using the method of isomer-specific proteolysis, the isomerization of proline-93
      has been monitored directly during the time course of the unfolding and refolding
      reactions of RNase A. It has been found that proline-93 is 100% cis in the native
      protein and 70% cis in the reversibly unfolded protein. During the unfolding
      reaction, the change from 100% to 70% cis occurs as a first-order process with a
      relaxation time of 140 s in 8.5 M urea, 10 degrees C. For refolding, the change
      from 70% to 100% cis also occurs as a first-order process, with a relaxation time
      (10 degrees C) of 90 s in 0.3 M urea, 130 s in 1.0 M urea, and 310 s in 2.0 M
      urea. Parallel experiments which measured the recovery of enzyme activity during
      refolding were also conducted. These show that 30% of the activity recovers in a
      slow phase with a first-order relaxation time (10 degrees C) of 100 s in 0.3 M
      urea. Because of the excellent agreement of both the amplitude and relaxation
      time for trans-to-cis isomerization and for activity recovery, it is concluded
      that the slowest phase in the recovery of enzyme activity is rate limited by the
      isomerization of proline-93. These results demonstrate that proline-93 must be
      cis before refolding to the active form can take place, in contrast to previous
      suggestions, and argue against the existence of a nativelike intermediate form on
      the refolding pathway which contains proline-93 in the incorrect trans
      configuration.

PMID- 6838813
TI  - Mechanism for the unfolding and refolding of ribonuclease A. Kinetic studies
      utilizing spectroscopic methods.

PMID- 6838814
TI  - Mechanism for the unfolding and refolding of ribonuclease A. Simulations using a
      simple model with no structural intermediates.

PMID- 6838815
TI  - Effect of anions, chaotropes, and phenol on the attachment of flavin adenine
      dinucleotide to phenol hydroxylase.

PMID- 6838816
TI  - Facile oxygen exchanges of phosphoenolpyruvate and preparation of
      [18O]phosphoenolpyruvate.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate when heated in acidic solution exchanges its phosphoryl and
      carboxyl oxygens rapidly and its enolic oxygen much more slowly with oxygens from
      water. The incorporation of 18O into phosphoenolpyruvate was measured by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
      after heating in H218O at 98 degrees C. The rates of exchange of all six oxygens
      of phosphoenolpyruvate with water increase with increasing acidity, and the
      phosphoryl oxygens exchange more rapidly than the carboxyl oxygens. The rate of
      exchange of each oxygen of the phosphoryl group is 16-fold greater than the
      hydrolysis rate at 1 N HCl. This provides a simple and useful method for the
      synthesis of [18O]phosphoenolpyruvate highly enriched in its phosphoryl-group
      oxygens. An enrichment of 89% was obtained with a 50% yield. The [18O]
      phosphoenolpyruvate showed a binomial distribution of 18O in the phosphoryl-group
      oxygens. The exchange may be explained by the reversible formation of a transient
      cyclic phosphate and, for exchange of the enolic oxygen, a transient acyl
      phosphate. Preparation of [18O]phosphoenolypyruvate from [18O]Pi by a chemical
      synthesis from beta-chlorolactate was not satisfactory because of drastic loss of
      18O during the procedures used. Some loss of 18O also occurred during an enzymic
      synthesis with KCNO, [18O]Pi, carbamate kinase, and pyruvate kinase.

PMID- 6838817
TI  - Purification and characterization of dihydrofolate reductase from methotrexate
      resistant human lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase has been isolated from methotrexate-resistant WIL2 human
      lymphoblastoid cells. This subline produces ca. 150 times more enzyme than the
      parental drug-sensitive line. The reductase has been purified to homogeneity by
      methotrexate affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric
      focusing in a yield of 65%. The enzyme has a pI = 7.7 and a molecular weight of
      ca. 22000. The amino-terminal 27 amino acid residues have been determined,
      revealing the location of the single cysteine residue at position 6. Reaction of
      this cysteine with p-(hydroxy-mercuri)benzoate in the presence of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) results in a 5-fold increase
      in enzyme activity. Other agents including KCl, urea, and thiourea also cause
      enzyme activation. The Km values for NADPH and dihydrofolate are 0.25 and 0.036
      microM, respectively. Mercurial activation of the enzyme results in a 27-fold
      increase in the Km for NADPH and a 35-fold increase in the Km for dihydrofolate.

PMID- 6838818
TI  - Reincorporation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate/adenosine 5'-triphosphate carrier
      into phospholipid membranes. Phospholipid-protein interaction as studied by
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy.
AB  - Combined phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) and electron
      microscopic studies were performed on the ADP/ATP carrier protein from beef heart
      mitochondria. The protein was incorporated into phospholipids by addition of
      Triton-protein micelles to a lipid suspension or to the dry lipid. All of the
      phospholipid (egg phosphatidylcholine or mixtures of egg phosphatidylcholine and
      egg phosphatidylethanolamine) that contributed to the observed 31P NMR signal
      under these conditions appeared to be in a bilayer configuration. Freeze
      fracturing and negative-staining electron microscopy showed unilamellar vesicles
      and multilayers. An isotropic signal could be attributed to vesicle rotation,
      judging from its sensitivity to increasing viscosity. The presence of small
      vesicles was also noticeable in the 31P NMR spectra of planar oriented membranes.
      In the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, aggregation of protein particles was
      observed. Gel chromatography of the protein-Triton-phospholipid mixture revealed
      that, before Triton removal, large amounts of protein are associated with
      multibilayers. Separation of loaded and unloaded membranes by centrifugation in
      D2O showed that, upon stepwise addition, protein incorporates preferentially into
      unloaded liposomes. From these findings a mechanism of protein reincorporation
      was deduced.

PMID- 6838819
TI  - Structure of hen phosvitin: A 31P NMR, 1H NMR, and laser photochemically induced
      dynamic nuclear polarization 1H NMR study.

PMID- 6838820
TI  - Conformational studies of aqueous melittin: thermodynamic parameters of the
      monomer-tetramer self-association reaction.
AB  - The self-association reaction in which four melittin molecules associate to form
      an aqueously soluble tetramer was studied by fluorescent spectroscopy. At 23
      degrees C, pH 7.15, gamma/2 0.50, the dissociation constant, Kd, is 3.20 x 10(
      16) M3. At 23 degrees C, gamma/2 0.60, melittin has an amino acyl group with a
      proton ionization constant at ca. 10(-6) M, which must be un-ionized for tetramer
      formation to occur. The change in Kd with temperature indicates the forward
      reaction (tetramer formation) proceeds primarily by entropic changes, with delta
      H degrees = -20.3 kJ/mol of monomer and delta S degrees = 211 J/(K . mol of
      monomer). The observed enthalpic and entropic values for the tetramerization
      reaction are consistent with the expected contributions of both nascent hydrogen
      bonds and hydrophobic stabilization to the reaction. The ionic strength
      dependence of the tetramerization reaction was found to be consistent with an
      Edsall-Wyman treatment of activity coefficients. Specifically, the calculated
      charge of melittin varied from 2.5 (pH 10.53, gamma/2 less than 0.08) to ca. 6
      (pH 7.15, gamma/2 greater than 0.3) and showed a strong dependence on gamma/2.

PMID- 6838821
TI  - Solid-phase synthesis of thymosin beta 4: chemical and biological
      characterization of the synthetic peptide.
AB  - The chemical synthesis of thymosin beta 4 using a solid-phase procedure has been
      accomplished. The synthetic product was found to be homogeneous on paper
      electrophoresis at pH 6.5, high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed
      phase column, and isoelectric focusing using polyacrylamide gels. The synthetic
      material was also shown to be identical with the natural thymosin beta 4 by
      tryptic peptide mapping, amino acid compositional analyses, and polyacrylamide
      gel isoelectric focusing. Biologically, synthetic thymosin beta 4 was found to be
      as active as the natural compound in a terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase
      induction assay and in a macrophage migration inhibition assay. The proposed
      structure of the peptide hormone was thus confirmed by a chemical synthesis.

PMID- 6838822
TI  - Purification and characterization of a cysteine dioxygenase from the yeast phase
      of Histoplasma capsulatum.
AB  - A cysteine dioxygenase, cysteine oxidase (EC 1.13.11.20), has been purified from
      the cytosolic fraction of yeast phase cells of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma
      capsulatum. The cysteine oxidase is an iron-containing dioxygenase with a
      molecular weight of 10500 (+/- 1500) and is present only in the yeast phase of
      the fungus. The enzyme is highly specific for L-cysteine, with a Km of 2 X 10(-5)
      M in vitro. The product of cysteine oxidation is cysteinesulfinic acid, as
      analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectroscopy. To our knowledge,
      this is the first cysteine oxidase isolated from a fungus, and it probably plays
      an important role in the mycelial to yeast phase transition of H. capsulatum
      during which redox potential and cysteine levels are crucial factors.

PMID- 6838823
TI  - Inhibition of the dehydrogenase activity of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde
      dehydrogenase by magnesium ions.

PMID- 6838825
TI  - Inactivation of bovine carbonic anhydrase by dipicolinate: kinetic studies and
      mechanistic implications.

PMID- 6838824
TI  - Stereoselectivity of isozyme C of glutathione S-transferase toward arene and
      azaarene oxides.
AB  - Three of the isozymes of glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) from rat liver
      (isozymes A, B, and C) catalyze the addition of glutathione to phenanthrene 9, 10
      oxide with varying degrees of efficiency and stereoselectivity. Isozyme C is 2
      fold and 35-fold more efficient toward this substrate than are isozymes A and B,
      respectively, and gives a 20 to 1 ratio of the two possible diastereomeric
      products. The stereoselectivities of isozymes A (approximately 1 to 1) and B (3
      to 1) are considerably lower. The major product diastereomer from isozyme C is
      deduced to have the 9S, 10S absolute configuration by circular dichroism
      spectroscopy, implying attack of glutathione on the oxirane carbon on R absolute
      configuration. Isozyme C shows little kinetic discrimination between other K
      region arene oxides such as pyrene 4,5-oxide and the enantiomers of
      benz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide. However, the
      stereoselectivity toward all the substrates is conserved with predominant
      (greater than 95%) attack at the oxirane carbon of R absolute configuration to
      give the S,S product. The stereoselectivity of isozyme C is very sensitive to the
      introduction and location of nitrogen substitution in the phenyl rings of
      phenanthrene 9,10-oxide. As a result isozyme C shows little or no
      stereoselectivity toward 4,5-diaza- and 4-azaphenanthrene 9,10-oxide. In
      contrast, 1-azaphenanthrene 9,10-oxide is attacked preferentially at the R carbon
      of the oxirane. The results suggest that hydrophobic interactions between the
      enzyme surface and the substrate distal to the oxirane ring are important in
      determining the stereoselectivity of the enzyme toward arene oxides.

PMID- 6838827
TI  - Isolation of three species of proteoglycan synthesized by cloned bone cells.
AB  - Three proteoglycan fractions have been isolated from clonal populations of
      osteoblast-like cells derived from fetal rat calvaria. One of these is secreted
      into the culture medium, is of apparent Mr 350 000, and has a glycosaminoglycan
      (GAG) composition of 77% chondroitin sulfate (CS) and 20% dermatan sulfate (DS).
      The remaining two proteoglycan fractions are associated with the cell layer. One
      of these has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 250 000 and a GAG
      composition of 54% CS and 40% DS. Both this species and the secreted proteoglycan
      have GAG chains of Mr 25 000. The other cell-associated proteoglycan contains
      heparan sulfate (HS), is solubilized by detergents, and appears to be
      contaminated with a CS proteoglycan. This HS-containing species may be similar to
      plasma membrane proteoglycans that have been isolated from several other cell
      types. Rat calvarial clones also synthesize hyaluronic acid and a number of
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 6838826
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase
      interactions with formate and methylammonium ion.
AB  - Using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we have measured the internuclear
      distances separating the nucleotide-bound metal from the carbon and hydrogen
      nuclei of formate as well as the carbon of methylammonium cation when bound to
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Measurements were made of the paramagnetic
      effect on the spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) of 13C and 1H nuclei arising
      from the replacement of Mg2+ with Mn2+, which binds to the enzyme in the form of
      a metal-nucleotide complex. Distances from Mn2+ to the formate carbon and proton
      were found to be 6.3 and 7.4 A, respectively, in the E . ATP . Mn2+ . formate
      complex and 6.0 and 7.1 A, respectively, in the E . ADP . Mn2+ . formate complex.
      When tetrahydrofolate was added to the latter complex, the exchange of formate
      was greatly reduced and became rate limiting for relaxation. These results are
      consistent with substantial conformational effects produced by the binding of the
      cofactor. The distance from Mn2+ to the methylammonium carbon in the E . ADP .
      Mn2+ . CH3NH+3, E . ADP . Mn2+ . formate . CH3NH3+, and E . ADP . Mn2+ .
      tetrahydrofolate . CH3NH3+ complexes was estimated to be in the range of 7.4-12
      A. However, in the E . ADP . Mn2+ formate . tetrahydrofolate . CH3NH3+ complex,
      the data suggest that exchange of cation contributes significantly to relaxation.
      These results, combined with other known features of the enzyme, suggest that
      there may be a monovalent cation site within the active site of the enzyme.

PMID- 6838828
TI  - Diffusion potential cascade. Convenient detection of transferable membrane pores.
AB  - A valinomycin-mediated K+ diffusion potential across the membrane of
      multilamellar liposomes is stable for longer than 30 min and can be collapsed by
      a nonselective channel such as gramicidin. The kinetics of the potential collapse
      are complex but can be qualitatively broken down into a series of processes
      involving (1) binding of the gramicidin to the outer membrane, (2) dimerization
      to form a functional channel, (3) the flow of ions through the channel, (4) the
      establishment of a new diffusion potential on the next bilayer within the
      multilamellar liposome, and (5) the dissociation of gramicidin from the outer
      bilayer into the adjacent internal aqueous space. These processes are then
      repeated, in turn, for all the internal bilayers until the K+ concentration
      gradient (and membrane potential) is completely dissipated. Process 5 appears to
      be rate limiting at high gramicidin concentrations, but ion flux, process 3,
      becomes slower at low gramicidin concentrations where the collapse of the K+
      gradient displays voltage dependence. Of course the rates of these processes can
      also be manipulated by changing the composition or size of the liposome and by
      varying the ion concentrations. Since the diffusion potential can be conveniently
      monitored with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye, 3,3'
      diethylthiodicarbocyanine iodide [diS-C2-(5)], a simple method for the detection
      and partial characterization of membrane pores emerges from this investigation.

PMID- 6838829
TI  - Fate of oxygen during ferritin iron incorporation.
AB  - The deposition of Fe(II) into ferritin using 18O2 as the oxidant was
      investigated. Only 3-4% of the oxygen atoms in the FeOOH core of ferritin were
      derived from the oxidant. This was true whether large (1200-1900 Fe/molecule) or
      small (220-240 Fe/molecule) amounts of iron were added to apoferritin or when
      iron was added to ferritin already containing 1000 Fe/molecule. Experiments using
      H218O in the solvent showed that nearly all of the oxygen atoms in the core were
      derived from solvent. The stoichiometry of the reaction was close to 2 Fe(II)/O2,
      instead of the expected value of 4 Fe(II)/O2. Reactions of 18O2 with Fe(II) in
      the absence of apoferritin had a similar 18O distribution and stoichiometry. Our
      results are most consistent with the crystal growth model of ferritin iron
      deposition.

PMID- 6838830
TI  - Water catalysis of peptide hydrogen isotope exchange.
AB  - The temperature dependence of the hydrogen-tritium and deuterium-hydrogen
      exchange reactions in poly(DL-alanine) has been reexamined. The results indicate
      a significant contribution to the observed exchange rates from the water
      catalyzed reaction at pD values near pDmin. The activation enthalpy for water
      catalyzed deuterium-hydrogen exchange in poly(DL-alanine) is found to be 21 kcal
      mol-1. As a result, the contribution to the observed exchange rate from the water
      catalyzed reaction increases with increasing temperature which in turn leads to
      broad, shallow pD minima and the appearance of apparent reaction orders with
      respect to [D+] and [OD-] that are substantially less than first order over an
      extended range of pD values. The importance of water catalysis in protein
      hydrogen exchange is demonstrated by a reanalysis of data for the exchange of
      single protons in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor [Hilton, B.D., & Woodward,
      C. K. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5834; Richarz, R., Sehr, P., Wagner, G., &
      Wuthrich, K. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 130, 19]. The pD dependence of these protons
      can be explained in terms of an increased contribution from water catalysis.

PMID- 6838831
TI  - Dimeric hemoglobin of the bivalve mollusc Anadara broughtonii: complete amino
      acid sequence of the globin chain.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (HbI) from the marine
      bivalve mollusc Anadara broughtonii was determined by sequencing of the intact
      chain and peptide fragments produced by cleavage at two asparaginylglycine bonds
      and at methionyl, arginyl, and tryptophanyl residues. The clam hemoglobin
      consists of two identical polypeptide chains. The globin chain has 146 amino acid
      residues with a proline at the NH2 terminus and a leucine at the COOH terminus.
      The calculated molecular mass of the native hemoglobin was 32945 daltons. The
      clam hemoglobin contains only two histidine residues, which correspond to the
      distal and proximal heme-linked positions. Compared with human beta chain, an
      additional segment of seven residues is present in the NH2-terminal region and
      also five less residues in the COOH-terminal region. Although such an amino
      terminal elongation has been known to be characteristic of hemoglobins from the
      most primitive living vertebrates Cyclostomata, a very similar structure was
      found to occur in the hemoglobin from the primitive invertebrate arcid clam.

PMID- 6838832
TI  - Amino acid sequence analysis of the asparagine-288 region of the carbohydrate
      variants of human plasminogen.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the two major carbohydrate variants in the region of
      Asn288 have been determined. A peptide isolated from plasminogen variant 1, which
      contains a complex-type Asn288-linked oligosaccharide, was found to possess the
      amino acid sequence-Ser280-Ala-Gln-Thr-Pro-His-Thr-His-Asn(CHO)-Arg-Thr290-Pro
      Glu-, in agreement with the previously published sequence [Sottrup-Jensen, L.,
      Claeys, H., Zajdel, M., Petersen, T. E., & Magnusson, S. (1978) in Progress in
      Chemical Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis (Davidson, J. F., Rowan, R. M., Samama, M.
      M., & Desnoyers, P. C., Eds.) Vol. 3, pp 191-209, Raven Press, New York]. A
      similar peptide isolated from plasminogen variant 2 did not contain
      oligosaccharide but possessed an amino acid sequence identical with the
      corresponding variant 1 peptide. Thus, the basis for the lack of the complex-type
      oligosaccharide in human plasminogen variant 2 does not reside in substitution of
      essential amino acid residues in the region of the Asn288-linked glycosylation
      site.

PMID- 6838833
TI  - Identification and alignment of a thiol ester site in the third component of
      guinea pig complement.

PMID- 6838834
TI  - Conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the calcium
      stabilized structure of human prothrombin.

PMID- 6838835
TI  - A novel neutral oligosaccharide chain found in polysialoglycoproteins isolated
      from Pacific salmon eggs. Structural studies by secondary ion mass spectrometry,
      proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical methods.
AB  - A novel carbohydrate chain possessing a hitherto unknown disaccharide unit, alpha
      L-Fuc leads to D-GalNAc, has been isolated from salmon egg polysialoglycoproteins
      on alkali-borohydride treatment. Salmon egg polysialoglycoproteins contain O
      glycosidically linked neutral pentasaccharide chains in addition to a number of
      oligosialosyl group containing sugar chains. Composition analysis of the neutral
      pentasaccharide gave fucose, galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose, and 2
      acetamido-2-deoxygalactitol in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:1. The structure was
      determined to be alpha-L-Fuc(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D
      Gal(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Gal(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol by the following three
      major procedures: First, the sequential order of the constitutional
      monosaccharides was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry before and
      after permethylation. Second, linkages were established by methylation analysis
      and Smith degradation and hydrazinolysis-nitrous deamination studies. Third,
      anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkages involved was deduced from 270
      MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 6838836
TI  - Structural analysis of short-chain lecithin/triglyceride micellar particles.

PMID- 6838837
TI  - Total internal reflection fluorescence study of energy transfer in surface
      adsorbed and dissolved bovine serum albumin.
AB  - A simple adaptation of a commercial spectrofluorometer allows selective
      excitation of fluorescent biomolecules adsorbed to a solid surface while they are
      in equilibrium with a bulk solution. As a demonstration of this technique, we
      have detected a change in the effective singlet-singlet energy transfer in
      fluorescence-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon adsorption to a fused silica
      surface. The technique combines total internal reflection fluorescence excitation
      of surface-adsorbed BSA with a fluorescence spectroscopic examination of energy
      transfer between two different fluorophores that are covalently bound to amino
      groups in each BSA molecule. Two donor--acceptor pairs were used, 4-chloro-7
      nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-rhodamine and dansyl-eosin. For studies of surface
      adsorbed BSA, we constructed a device in which the excitation light of a standard
      fluorescence spectrometer totally internally reflects from a surface at which
      adsorbed BSA is in equilibrium with the bulk solution. A shallow evanescent wave
      is created, which excites fluorescence from only those BSA molecules in close
      proximity to the surface. Spectral examination shows significantly less effective
      singlet-singlet energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor in surface
      adsorbed BSA relative to that in native bulk-dissolved BSA. Under appropriate and
      reasonable assumptions, the energy transfer change between native and adsorbed
      states of fluorescent BSA can be interpreted as a conformational change of BSA
      upon adsorption.

PMID- 6838838
TI  - Specific labeling of the active site of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase
      through the use of a cofactor analogue, N-(Bromoacetyl)pyridoxamine.
AB  - The cofactor analogue N-(bromoacetyl)pyridoxamine (BAPM) has been employed to
      inactivate the cytosolic isozyme of apo-aspartate aminotransferase. Inactivation
      is the result of covalent bond formation in the (bromoacetyl)-pyridoxamine
      transferase complex, via the epsilon-amino group of a lysyl residue at the active
      site. The stoichiometry of this inactivation is one molecule of
      (bromoacetyl)pyridoxamine per subunit of the transaminase dimer. Trace amounts of
      inorganic phosphate protect the enzyme from BAPM inactivation. In the absence of
      phosphate, inactivation demonstrates time, concentration, and pH dependence with
      an apparent pK for the target group of about 8.5 or higher. A tryptic peptide
      from the alpha subform has been obtained containing the carboxymethyl derivative
      of lysine-258, identifying this particular residue as the reactive group in the
      region of cofactor binding. Evidence is presented indicating that the pK of Lys
      258 appears to be highly dependent upon the electrostatic state of neighboring
      groups in the active site region. Hence, experimentally obtained values vary
      according to the chemical nature and charge of the modifying agent or probe.

PMID- 6838839
TI  - Purification and characterization of an enkephalin aminopeptidase from rat brain
      membranes.
AB  - A membrane-bound aminopeptidase was purified from rat brain, and its activity was
      assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with Met-enkephalin as the
      substrate. The enzyme was extracted with 1% Triton X-100 and purified by
      chromatography, successively on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Bio-Gel HTP, and Sephadex G
      200 columns. The overall purification was about 1200-fold, with 25% yield. The
      purified enzyme showed one band on disc gel electrophoresis and two bands on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis with molecular weights of 62 000 and 66
      000. The aminopeptidase has a pH optimum of 7.0, a Km of 0.28 mM, and a Vmax of
      45 mumol (mg of protein)-1 min-1 for Met-enkephalin. It releases tyrosine from
      Met-enkephalin, but it does not split the byproduct. It does not hydrolyze gamma-
      or beta-endorphin, or dynorphin, but it does hydrolyze neutral and basic
      aminoacyl beta-naphthylamides. The enzyme is inhibited by the aminopeptidase
      inhibitors amastatin, bestatin, and bestatin-Gly. Its properties, such as its
      subcellular localization, substrate specificity, pH optimum, and molecular
      weight, distinguish it from leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase A,
      aminopeptidase B, aminopeptidase M, and the soluble aminopeptidase for enkephalin
      degradation.

PMID- 6838840
TI  - Purification and characterization of corn glutathione S-transferase.
AB  - Two glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities have been identified and purified
      from etiolated corn tissue. The first, designated GST I enzyme, is constitutively
      present in corn tissue, and the second, designated GST II enzyme, is present only
      in tissue which has been treated with chemical antidotes which protect corn
      against chloroacetanilide herbicides. The total activity constitutes
      approximately 2% of the soluble protein in these tissues. The native forms of
      these enzymes have molecular weights of approximately 50 000 as determined by
      Sephadex G-100 chromatography. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, GST
      I enzyme migrates primarily as a single band of molecular weight 29 000, and GST
      II enzyme migrates as primarily two bands of molecular weight 29 000 and 27 000.
      Both enzymes catalyze the formation of a glutathione-herbicide conjugate in vitro
      when the herbicide alachlor is used as a substrate. This conjugation results in
      elimination of the biological activity of the herbicide.

PMID- 6838841
TI  - Structure and metabolism of mammalian liver glycogen monitored by carbon-13
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Natural-abundance 13C NMR signals from glycogen are observable in situ within the
      perfused livers of rats. The nuclear magnetic relaxation properties (T1, T2, eta
      + 1) of glycogen were measured for glycogen in situ and in vitro and were found
      to be identical. All of the carbon nuclei in glycogen contribute to the high
      resolution NMR spectrum, in spite of glycogen's very large molecular weight. The
      metabolism of glycogen in situ in the perfused rat liver was followed by 13C NMR.
      Stimulation of the fed rat liver by physiological glucagon levels led to rapid
      glycogenolysis. Perfusion of the liver with [1-13C]glucose led to net glycolysis,
      with concomitant scrambling of the label from C1 to C6 due to triosephosphate
      isomerase activity.

PMID- 6838842
TI  - Characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in reconstituted nuclear
      systems.

PMID- 6838843
TI  - Purification and characterization of two forms of DNA polymerase alpha from HeLa
      cell nuclei.
AB  - Isolated nuclei contained two active forms of DNA polymerase alpha (form I and
      form II). Form II was extracted from nuclei by KCl at concentrations lower than
      0.18 M. Above 0.18 M selective extraction of form I was observed. The purified
      two active forms differed in chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors, in
      their salt requirement for optimal activity, and in preference of template
      primers, although both forms exhibited properties characteristic of DNA
      polymerase alpha such as sensitivity of N-ethylmaleimide, 1-beta-D-arabino
      furanosylcytosine triphosphate, and aphidicolin. Marked difference between the
      two forms was preference of template-primer that form I was more active with
      poly(dT).(rA)10 than poly(dA).(dT)12 whereas form II exhibited higher activity
      with poly(dA).(dT)12 than poly(dT).(rA)10. Possible roles of two forms of DNA
      polymerase alpha in the processes of DNA replication will be discussed.

PMID- 6838844
TI  - Molecular organization in cholesterol-lecithin bilayers by X-ray and electron
      diffraction measurements.

PMID- 6838845
TI  - Calorimetric investigation of the phase partitioning of the fluorescent
      carbocyanine probes in phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

PMID- 6838846
TI  - Mapping of hydrophobic sites on the surface of myosin and its fragments.

PMID- 6838847
TI  - Isolation and some structural and functional properties of macrophage
      tropomyosin.
AB  - Tropomyosin purified from rabbit lung macrophages is very similar in structure to
      other nonmuscle cell tropomyosins. Reduced and denatured, the protein has two
      polypeptides which migrate during electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate on
      polyacrylamide gels with slightly different mobilities corresponding to apparent
      Mr's of about 30 000. Following cross-linking by air oxidation in the presence of
      CuCl2, electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions reveals a single polypeptide
      of Mr 60 000. Macrophage tropomyosin has an isoelectric point of 4.6 and an amino
      acid composition similar to other tropomyosins. It contains one cysteine residue
      per chain. In the electron microscope, macrophage tropomyosin molecules rotary
      shadowed with platinum and carbon are slender, straight rods, 33 nm in length.
      Macrophage tropomyosin paracrystals grown in high magnesium concentrations have
      an axial periodicity of 34 nm. On the basis of yields from purification and from
      two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of macrophage extracts, tropomyosin
      comprises less than 0.2% of the total macrophage protein, a molar ratio of
      approximately 1 tropomyosin molecule to 75 actin monomers in the cell. Macrophage
      tropomyosin binds to actin filaments. Macrophage, skeletal muscle, and other
      nonmuscle cell tropomyosins inhibit the fragmentation of actin filaments by the
      Ca2+-gelsolin complex. The finding implies that tropomyosin may have a role in
      stabilizing actin filaments in vivo.

PMID- 6838848
TI  - Protein synthesis in the cultured fetal mouse heart: effects of deprivation of
      oxygen and oxidizable substrate.

PMID- 6838849
TI  - Altered protein synthesis in ataxia--telangiectasia fibroblasts.
AB  - Analysis of protein production in various strains of ataxia--telangiectasia (A-
      T) fibroblasts demonstrated the overproduction of a group of secreted proteins
      and variations in the protein characteristics of the extracellular matrix. The
      most prominent differences involved fibronectin, which was identified by
      immunochemical analysis. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      demonstrated differences in the production, accumulation, and molecular weight of
      fibronectin on the cell surface and in the culture medium as compared to normal
      human fibroblasts. Three other secreted proteins with molecular weights of 185
      000, 150 000, and 70 000 were also observed to be produced in excess amounts in
      some strains of A-T. The finding that extracellular matrix alterations are
      involved in the abnormal DNA synthesis and reduced cell survival in A-T cells in
      response to X radiation would be additional evidence for a close association
      between the extracellular and nuclear architecture.

PMID- 6838850
TI  - Stoichiometry of sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid transport
      by synaptic plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain.

PMID- 6838851
TI  - Structure of native polysaccharide antigens of type Ia and type Ib group B
      Streptococcus.

PMID- 6838852
TI  - Unexpected similarity of the structures of the weakly toxic amanitin (S)
      sulfoxide and the highly toxic (R)-sulfoxide and sulfone as revealed by proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray analysis.
AB  - The three-dimensional structures of the slightly toxic diastereomeric (S)
      sulfoxide of 6'-O-methyl-alpha-amanitin [6'-O-Me-alpha-ama (S)-sulfoxide, 4] and
      of the corresponding highly toxic sulfone 5 have been determined by X-ray
      diffraction analysis. The same derivatives along with 6'-O-methyl-alpha-amanitin
      [O-Me-alpha-ama (R)-sulfoxide, 3] and the corresponding thioether (O-Me-alpha-ama
      sulfide, 6] have been investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions by 360-MHz 1H
      NMR spectroscopy including nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE). In addition alpha
      amanitin (2) has been reinvestigated by this high-resolution method involving the
      identification of the ABMX systems of the tryptophan, cysteine, and asparagine
      and discrimination between the glycine residues. The structures of compounds 2-6
      are compared with the structure of beta-amanitin which was solved previously by X
      ray structure analysis. The results are (1) the structures in the crystalline
      state of the (S)-sulfoxide 4 and sulfone 5 are practically identical and (2) in
      dimethyl sulfoxide solution the structures of compounds 4 and 5 are likewise
      identical with each other and with those of the (R)-sulfoxide 3 and the thioether
      6. The general structure of the peptide backbone of the alpha-amanitin
      derivatives investigated here almost corresponds to that of beta-amanitin (1),
      the main difference being a rotated plane of the peptide bond between the
      asparagine and cysteine residue. In order to explain the lack of high toxicity in
      the (S)-sulfoxide 4 we tentatively suggest alternative hydrogen bonding of a
      donor from the protein, or displacement of the R oxygen to the S oxygen of a
      hydrogen bond donor. This alternative bonding or displacement might not occur in
      the sulfoxide 4. Other explanations which include local conformational changes in
      the inhibitors or a difference between the SO and SO2 local dipoles are also
      possible.

PMID- 6838853
TI  - Calorimetric studies of the gel-fluid (L beta-L alpha) and lamellar-inverted
      hexagonal (L alpha-HII) phase transitions in dialkyl- and
      diacylphosphatidylethanolamines.

PMID- 6838854
TI  - Physical and chemical properties of human type III procollagen.
AB  - Type III procollagen was isolated from the serum-free culture media of human
      foreskin fibroblasts by adsorption to controlled-pore glass beads and
      chromatography of the eluted procollagen pool on diethylaminoethylcellulose
      [Gerard, S., & Mitchell, W. M. (1979) Anal. Biochem. 96, 433-447]. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (NaDodSO4) electrophoresis in 1% agarose-2% acrylamide gels with or
      without prior sample reduction revealed the predominance of a band with retarded
      mobility as compared to human procollagen I [hupro(I)]. Digestion of hupro(III)
      with pepsin yielded a product whose electrophoretic mobility was retarded for
      both the intact trimer and its reduced monomeric subunit as compared to that for
      the respective bands of rat skin (type I) collagen. NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of bacterial collagenase-digested hupro(III) demonstrated
      disulfide-bonded propeptides which upon reduction were replaced by two distinct
      monomeric propeptide bands. The amino acid composition of hupro(III) was similar
      to that of hupro(I) but contained increased amounts of HO-Pro and Cys and less
      Thr, Ala, Val, and Arg. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis in 1 M CaCl2 yielded
      at extrapolated zero concentration a Mr of 505 +/- 25K. A [hupro(III) -
      collagen(III)] circular dichroic difference spectrum suggests approximately 10%
      alpha helix. The zero-order mutarotation rate of hupro(III) (vo = 55.0 X 10(-5) s
      1) was twice that of hucol(III) (vo = 25.4 X 10(-5) s-1) at 20 degrees C, which
      may reflect the influence of the interchain disulfide-bonded carboxyl propeptides
      on the process of collagen fold formation.

PMID- 6838855
TI  - Resonance raman studies of hemoglobins M: evidence for iron-tyrosine charge
      transfer interactions in the abnormal subunits of Hb M Boston and Hb M Iwate.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for Hb M Boston [His-E7(58) alpha
      leads to Tyr], Hb M Iwate [His-F8-(87) alpha leads to Tyr], and Hb M Milwaukee
      [Val-E11(67) beta leads to Glu]. The abnormal alpha subunits of Hb M Boston and
      Hb M Iwate exhibited the porphyrin nu10 band at 1628 and 1627 cm-1, respectively,
      which indicates that the ferric alpha hemes are five-coordinated in both Hb M
      Boston and Hb M Iwate. In addition to the porphyrin bands, four extra polarized
      lines were observed at 1607, 1506, 1278, and 603 cm-1 for the alpha abnormal
      subunit of Hb M Boston and at 1605, 1506, 1310, and 589 cm-1 for that of Hb M
      Iwate. By comparison with the vibrational spectra of Fe-tyrosine proteins and Fe
      phenolate complexes, the 1605-1607- and 1506-cm-1 lines are assigned to the
      phenolate ring vibrations of the heme-coordinated tyrosine, and the 1278-cm-1
      line of Hb M Boston and the 1310-cm-1 line of Hb M Iwate are assigned to the
      phenolate CO stretching mode. We propose that the 603-cm-1 line of Hb M Boston
      and the 589-cm-1 line of Hb M Iwate arise from the Fe-O(tyrosine) stretching
      mode. These four Raman lines are intensity enhanced upon the excitation around
      475-520 nm, probably due to the presence of a charge-transfer interaction between
      Fe and Tyr. The dissimilarity of the Fe-O and phenolate CO stretching frequencies
      between Hb M Boston and Hb M Iwate, despite the similarity of frequencies of
      their porphyrin and phenolate ring modes, suggests that the heme-phenolate
      bonding angles differ between Hb M Boston and Hb M Iwate although both adopt the
      five-coordinate form with Tyr as the only axial ligand. The resonance Raman
      spectra of oxy- and deoxy-Hb M Milwaukee showed no anomaly and can be accounted
      for by those of the equimolar mixtures of aquomet- and oxy- or deoxy-Hb A.

PMID- 6838856
TI  - Photochemical cycle and light-dark adaptation of monomeric and aggregated
      bacteriorhodopsin in various lipid environments.
AB  - Spectral changes of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) reflecting its photochemical cycle and
      light-dark adaptation were monitored in order to study the effect of protein
      protein and protein-lipid interactions on these reactions. For this purpose, the
      light-driven proton pump BR was reconstituted with various lipids, i.e.,
      dimyristoyl- and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, soybean phospholipids, and
      diphytanoyllecithin. In these vesicle systems, BR is monomeric above the lipid
      phase transition and above molar lipid to BR ratios of about 80. Well below the
      phase transition, BR is aggregated in a hexagonal lattice as in the purple
      membrane. This allows, on the one hand, comparison of monomeric and aggregated BR
      in the respective vesicle systems and, on the other hand, comparison of
      reconstituted BR with BR in the native purple membrane. The photoreaction cycle
      of all-trans-BR accompanying proton translocation proceeds via the same
      intermediates in the monomeric and aggregated pigment. Furthermore, both the rate
      and the activation energy for the decay of the cycle intermediate M-410 are
      independent of the aggregation state. From the results, we conclude that the
      functional unit responsible for BR's photocycle is the monomer itself. This is in
      accordance with previous observations that BR monomers are able to translocate
      protons during illumination [Drencher, N. A., & Heyn, M.P. (1979) FEBS Lett. 108,
      307-310]. The light-dark adaptation reaction, however, is affected by BR's
      aggregation state. In the case of the monomer, the extent of light adaptation,
      i.e., the fraction of BR molecules containing 13-cis-retinal as chromophore which
      is converted by illumination to the respective pigment with the all-trans isomer,
      is reduced by 50% or more, and the rate of dark adaptation is slowed down about
      2.5 times. For these properties too, the monomer is functional, but with a
      reduced efficiency. This indicates regulatory control by neighboring BR
      molecules. The rate of the photocycle as well as of dark adaptation is strongly
      affected by the chemical nature of the lipids used for reconstitution but not by
      the physical state of the lipid phase.

PMID- 6838857
TI  - Two new bifunctional protein modification reagents and their application to the
      study of parvalbumin.
AB  - 2-[(Trifluoroacetoxy)mercuri]-4-fluorophenol (MFP) and 4-(acetoxymercuri)phenyl
      azide (MPA) have been prepared and characterized. The sulfhydryl-specific
      reagents MFP and MPA have been used to study the structure of parvalbumin. The
      19F resonance of the derivative of parvalbumin with MFP was studied at 94.6 and
      235.2 MHz. At 94.6 MHz, the 19F signal line width is 25 Hz and T1 = 0.28 s, while
      at 235.2 MHz, the line width is 35 Hz and T1 = 0.39 s. T1 was not affected by
      substitution of D2O for H2O as a solvent. Removal of calcium from the parvalbumin
      derivative resulted in the upfield shift of the 19F signal and a decrease in T1
      at 94.6 MHz. The pKa for phenolic titration of the MFP derivative was 10.75
      compared with 9.5 for the free reagent. These results are interpreted in terms of
      lodgment of the aryl group in a cleft in the surface of the parvalbumin. The
      derivative with MPA was photolyzed and subjected to amino acid analysis.
      Comparison of the analysis of parvalbumin, parvalbumin-MPA, and the photolyzed
      product indicated destruction of aspartic acid during the photolysis. Asp-22 is a
      reasonable candidate for the residue attacked, based on comparison with the
      published crystal structure of parvalbumin.

PMID- 6838858
TI  - Solution conformation of alpha D(1-3)- and alpha D(1-6)-linked oligomannosides
      using proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The solution conformations of synthetic methyl mannobiosides and a methyl
      mannotrioside containing alpha D(1-3) and alpha D(1-6) linkages have been
      determined through the use of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, namely,
      the nuclear Overhauser effect and proton relaxation time measurements. 3J(C,H)
      coupling constants, obtained from a compound enriched with 13C, were also used.
      The allowed conformations were found to be in agreement with those determined
      from potential energy calculations and crystal structures. The methyl
      mannotrioside is an analogue of a mannotriose unit which occurs naturally in the
      "core" of asparagine-linked glycopeptides and in an "arm" of high mannose N
      linked glycopeptides.

PMID- 6838859
TI  - Proton nuclear overhauser effect study of the structure of an actinomycin D
      complex with a self-complementary tetranucleoside triphosphate.
AB  - Saturation transfer and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) techniques have been used
      to assign some resonances of nonexchangeable protons in the NMR spectrum of the
      complex formed between actinomycin D and the self-complementary tetranucleoside
      triphosphate d(A-G-C-T). Intermolecular NOEs suggest that the drug chromophore
      intercalates between the two G-C base pairs of the nucleotide double helix, while
      the pentapeptide lactone rings fill the minor groove. Binding-induced distortions
      of helix geometry are discussed.

PMID- 6838860
TI  - Cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimer formation and excision in human skin
      fibroblasts after irradiation with 313-nm ultraviolet light.
AB  - The formation and excision of 313-nm light-induced cyclobutane-type pyrimidine
      photodimers were determined in confluent cultures of human fibroblasts. A new
      method was developed for the resolution and determination of cytosine-thymine
      (CT) and thymine-thymine dimers (TT) by using sodium borohydride reduction and
      high-pressure liquid chromatography. This assay can detect as little as 1.8 TT or
      5.6 CT per 10(8) daltons, levels induced in monolayers of human skin fibroblasts
      by doses of 1 and 2 kJ m-2 of 313-nm light, respectively. CT formation was 20%
      more efficient than TT formation in the physiological dose range of 2.25-15 k m-2
      at 37 degrees C. Normal fibroblasts removed 61% TT within the first 8 h of
      incubation following a dose of 5.5 kJ m-2. CT was removed approximately twice as
      efficiently as TT during the same time period following exposure to 10 kJ m-2.
      The lack of removal of CT as well as TT observed in xeroderma pigmentosum
      fibroblasts indicates that the repair deficiency in these cells affects the
      repair of both classes of dimers.

PMID- 6838861
TI  - Topological arrangement of four functionally distinct domains in hamster plasma
      fibronectin: a study with combination of S-cyanylation and limited proteolysis.

PMID- 6838862
TI  - Amino acid sequence of crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) trypsin If.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of trypsin from the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis
      has been determined. The protein was fragmented with cyanogen bromide after S
      carboxymethylation of the reduced disulfide bonds and by trypsin after S
      carboxymethylation as well as after succinylation of lysine residues and
      aminoethylation of the reduced disulfide bonds. Peptides were purified by gel
      filtration and by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Stepwise
      degradation was performed in a spinning cup sequencer. The enzyme contains 237
      amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 25 030. In contrast to bovine
      trypsin, it contains three rather than six disulfide bonds which are paired in
      the same fashion as those in trypsin from Streptomyces griseus. The constituents
      of the active site of bovine trypsin are present in corresponding positions in
      the crayfish enzyme. Crayfish trypsin shows 43.6% sequence identity with the
      bovine enzyme as compared to 40.0% identity with the S. griseus enzyme. The
      present analysis affords the first detailed view into the evolution of trypsins
      at the invertebrate level.

PMID- 6838863
TI  - Gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions of aqueous dispersions of
      polyunsaturated mixed-acid phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - The thermotropic properties of aqueous dispersions of synthetic mixed-acid
      polyunsaturated 1,2-diacyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholines (PC) have been studied by
      differential scanning calorimetry. The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition
      temperature (Tc) of 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SLPC) was
      -16.2 +/- 1.6 degrees C (means +/- SD, nine dispersions, three separate synthetic
      preparations); that for a preparation of 1-stearoyl-2-linolenoyl-PC (SLnPC) was 
      13 degrees C and for a preparation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC (SAPC) was 
      12.6 +/- 1.0 degrees C (three dispersions, one preparation). The temperatures of
      maximum heat flow (Tmax) for the lipid transitions were -14.4 +/- 1.3, -11, and 
      10.7 +/- 0.9 degrees C and the enthalpies were 3.3 +/- 1.0, 6.6, and 5.3 +/- 1.8
      kcal X mol-1 for SLPC, SLnPC, and SAPC, respectively. The transition temperatures
      and enthalpies are rationalized on the basis of existing data on the effect of
      double-bond position on Tc and are interpreted with the use of a statistical
      mechanical model. The trend of the transition temperatures with the introduction
      of multiple double bonds reflects opposing effects due to increased molecular
      area and decreasing degrees of freedom of rotation about carbon-carbon bonds.

PMID- 6838864
TI  - Patterns of histone acetylation in the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Labeling of histones in the naturally synchronous cell cycle of Physarum
      polycephalum with short pulses of tritiated acetate in vivo clearly showed three
      distinct patterns of histone acetate turnover. In G2 phase, turnover of acetate
      was observed only in histones H3 and H4, predominantly on the multiple acetylated
      forms. No acetate turnover was found in histones H2A and H2B compared with
      histones H3 and H4. In S phase, intense labeling was seen in all four core
      histones, in histones H3 and H4 predominantly in the low acetylated forms. In
      addition, cotranslational acetylation of the amino-terminal serines of histones
      H4 and H1 was observed during S phase. During mitosis, from condensation at
      prophase to decondensation after telophase, acetate turnover is almost zero. This
      suggests that within the mitotically condensed chromosomes all potential histone
      acetylation sites are masked. In G2 phase, when transcription is occurring, only
      histones H3 and H4 are available for acetate turnover, but in S phase, when both
      transcription and replication occur, all four histones are available for acetate
      turnover.

PMID- 6838865
TI  - Intracellular phospholipid movement and the role of phospholipid transfer
      proteins in animal cells.
AB  - The mechanism of the intracellular movement of phospholipids from their site of
      synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria and other cell membranes
      is a major unsolved problem of cell biology. Phospholipid transfer proteins of
      varying specificity found in the soluble supernatant fractions of many tissues
      catalyze the transfer of phospholipids from microsomes to mitochondria in vitro.
      They are postulated to play a similar role in vivo, but evidence for their
      function in living cells is lacking. We have now used an analogue of choline, N
      propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine [PDME, (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylpropylammonium
      hydroxide], to devise a test for the function of the transfer proteins in living
      cells. The rates of translocation of newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine and
      the analogue phosphatidyl-PDME in living cells were compared with the rates of
      transfer in vitro catalyzed by soluble transfer proteins extracted from the same
      cells. Labeled PDME, choline, and ethanolamine were found to be rapidly
      incorporated into the lipids of isolated rat hepatocytes and of baby hamster
      kidney (BHK-21) cells in culture. The translocation of newly synthesized
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-PDME was very rapid in both types of cells
      with a half-time for equilibration of a few minutes, while the translocation of
      phosphatidylethanolamine was much slower, with a half-time 20-80 fold longer than
      those of the other two phospholipids. We then compared these relative rates of
      movement with the activities of the phospholipid transfer proteins of the
      respective cells. Partially purified phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from
      rat liver transfers phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-PDME at identical rates
      but transfers phosphatidylethanolamine at a rate too low to be detected. This
      result is consistent with an essential function of this transfer protein in vivo.
      In contrast, partially purified phosphatidylcholine phospholipid transfer protein
      from BHK cells transfers phosphatidylcholine rapidly, while no transfer of
      phosphatidyl-PDME and phosphatidylethanolamine was detected. We further found
      that the specific phosphatidylcholine transfer protein of BHK cells accounts for
      nearly all of the transfer activity detected in the crude soluble fraction. The
      rapid translocation of phosphatidyl-PDME in vivo in BHK cells is therefore
      inconsistent with the postulate that soluble phospholipid transfer proteins are
      responsible for the rapid movement of phospholipids from microsomes to
      mitochondria in living cells.

PMID- 6838866
TI  - Studies on the non-linear osmotic pressure-volume relationship in mitochondria
      and entry of sucrose into the matrix space during centrifugation.
AB  - The two-compartment sucrose-space hypothesis was refuted recently (Sitaramam, V.
      and Sarma, M.K.J. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3441-3445), using the
      novel technique of enzyme osmometry of matrix enzymes based on the following
      premise: a shift in the discontinuity (break-point) of the activity profile of an
      occluded enzyme as a function of external osmolarity (i.e., osmotic profiles)
      would imply a shift in the internal solute content of the same compartment as
      that of the enzyme. A systematic re-evaluation of the osmotic profiles of
      mitochondrial enzyme systems has revealed that the activities of several matrix
      and inner membrane enzyme systems exhibited break-points larger than those of
      osmolysis (i.e., actual release of marker enzymes into the medium) of
      mitochondria. The experimental findings were consistent with (i) entry of sucrose
      across the inner membrane consequent to enhanced permeability effects by
      gravitational field, and (ii) dependence of the kinetic constant of several
      membrane-bound enzymes/carrier proteins, respiratory coupling and ADP/O ratio on
      the volume of mitochondria (i.e., osmotic stretch of the inner membrane).

PMID- 6838867
TI  - Transport and metabolism of 5'-methylthioadenosine in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The transport and metabolism of 5'-deoxy-5'-S-methylthioadenosine have been
      studied in intact human erythrocytes. The sulfur nucleoside is rapidly
      accumulated into red cells and the extent of uptake largely exceeds the
      theoretical equilibrium between inner and outer compartment owing to its
      conversion into a non-permeable compound, namely 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate.
      To characterize the nucleoside transport, phosphate-depleted erythrocytes, in
      which the methylthioadenosine metabolism is negligible, have been employed. The
      results indicate that: (i) the transport occurs via a facilitated-diffusion
      mechanism; (ii) the process is not energy-dependent and (iii) no specific cation
      is required. The kinetic analyses of both the transport and the metabolism show
      that the uptake of methylthioadenosine is a result of the tandem action of a
      transport step of high capacity (Vmax = 604 +/- 51 pmol/10(6) cells per min) and
      low affinity (Km = 3270 +/- 321 microM) followed by a metabolic step of low
      capacity (Vmax = 6.6 pmol/10(6) cells per min) and high affinity (Km = 30
      microM). Furthermore, a substrate inhibition exerted by methylthioadenosine at
      high concentration (over 200 microM) on its specific phosphorylase is reported
      for the first time. Experiments performed with several analogs of the thioether
      indicate that the adenine amino group and the hydrophobic substituent at the 5'
      position are critical for the transport carrier recognition. Adenine is the most
      powerful inhibitor of methylthioadenosine transport.

PMID- 6838868
TI  - Ca2+ uptake to purified secretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophyses.
AB  - Purified secretory vesicles isolated from bovine neurohypophyses were found to
      take up Ca2+ when incubated at 30 degrees C in media containing 10(-7) to 10(-4)
      M free Ca2+. At 10(-4) free Ca2+ 19 nmol/mg protein were taken up within 30 min.
      The initial uptake at this Ca2+ concentration was about 2 nmol/mg protein per
      min. The uptake of Ca2+ to secretory vesicles was not affected by ATP,
      oligomycin, ruthenium red, trifluoperazine, Mg2+ or K+, but was inhibited by Na+
      and Sr2+. From these characteristics it can be concluded that the uptake system
      does not utilize directly ATP (as the Ca2+-ATPases known to be present in the
      cell membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum) and is different from the
      mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake system driven by respiration and/or ATP hydrolysis.
      However, Ca2+-Na+ exchange may well operate: In experiments using different
      concentrations of Na+ we found half-maximal inhibition of Ca2+ uptake with 33.3
      mM Na+. An analysis of the data in a Hill plot indicated that at least 2 Na+
      would be exchanged for 1 Ca2+. Also, it was found that Ca2+ previously taken up
      could be released again by external Na+ but not by K+.

PMID- 6838869
TI  - X-ray analysis and calorimetry on phosphatidylcholine model membranes. The
      influence of length and position of acyl chains upon structure and phase
      behaviour.
AB  - The effect of variation of the acyl chain composition of phosphatidylcholines
      upon thermal behaviour of multilamellar liposomes was evaluated by calorimetry
      and X-ray studies. A total of thirteen different phosphatidylcholines were
      examined. They differed from each other in the length as well as in the position
      of the acyl chains in the glycerol backbone. The experimental results show that
      the hitherto accepted phase scheme for phosphatidylcholine-water systems is
      incomplete and has to be extended to include the behaviour of samples that have
      been stored for long times at low temperatures. The X-ray results show that the
      structure of the new low-temperature phase is not in agreement with the hexagonal
      packing of the acyl chains. To explain the X-ray results, a two-dimensional
      orthorhombic unit cell has to be assumed in order to fit all the observed
      reflexes in the wide-angle region.

PMID- 6838870
TI  - Formation of protein polymers in erythrocyte ghosts incubated with sonicated
      lipid vesicles. Effects on spectrin extractibility, permeability of ghosts to
      vesicles, intramembrane particle distribution and bleb formation.

PMID- 6838871
TI  - Comparison of the enthalpy state of vesicles of different size by their
      interaction with alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - The characteristics of small unilamellar, large unilamellar and large
      multilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and their interaction
      with alpha-lactalbumin are compared at pH 4. (1) By differential scanning
      calorimetry and from steady-state fluorescence anisotropy data of the lipophilic
      probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene it is shown that the transition
      characteristics of the phospholipids in the large unilamellar vesicles resemble
      more those of the multilamellar vesicles than of the small unilamellar vesicles.
      (2) The size and composition of the lipid-protein complex formed with alpha
      lactalbumin around the transition temperature of the lipid are independent of the
      vesicle type used. Fluorescence anisotropy data indicate that in this complex the
      motions of the lipid molecules are strongly restricted in the presence of alpha
      lactalbumin. (3) The previous data and a comparison of the enthalpy changes,
      delta H, of the interaction of the three vesicle types with alpha-lactalbumin
      allow us to derive that the enthalpy state of the small unilamellar vesicles just
      below 24 degrees C is about 24 kJ/mol lipid higher than the enthalpy state of
      both large vesicle types at the same temperature. The abrupt transition from
      endothermic to exothermic delta H values around 24 degrees C for large vesicles
      approximates the transition enthalpy of the pure phospholipid.

PMID- 6838873
TI  - Interfacial instability and membrane internalization in human erythrocytes heated
      in the presence of serum albumin.
AB  - The dynamics of morphological change, when human erythrocytes are heated through
      the spectrin denaturation temperature in the presence of bovine serum albumin,
      has been studied using differential interference contrast optics and a television
      video analysis system. Most washed (control) cells developed a wavy disturbance,
      with an average of 6.6 +/- 0.4 (2 S.E.) waves per cell rim, when heated. The
      average number of waves per cell rim decreased and the percentage of heated cells
      showing morphological changes in the dimple region increased with increasing
      serum albumin concentration, reaching 100% at 1.0 g/l. The change in the dimple
      region of cells heated in the presence of serum albumin involved the growth of a
      regular wavy disturbance around the cell dimple rim. The development of the wavy
      disturbance on the dimple, which resulted in the internalization of membrane, has
      been examined as an example of an interfacial instability on a biological
      membrane. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs confirm membrane
      internalization.

PMID- 6838872
TI  - Interaction of lanthanide cations and uranyl ion with the calcium/proton antiport
      system in Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - Uranyl ions (UO2+(2)) and lanthanide cations (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and
      Dy3+) at 100-200 microM concentration inhibited active transport of Ca2+,
      mediated by respiratory linked substrates as well as by ATP hydrolysis, without
      affecting respiration and membrane-bound ATPase activity, in inside-out membrane
      vesicles of Mycobacterium phlei. The extent of inhibition in the uptake of Ca2+,
      mediated by ATP hydrolysis, increased with increase in ionic radii of these
      cations. Lanthanide cations did not dissipate the formation of a proton gradient,
      as measured by determining the effect either on the uptake of [14C]methylamine or
      energy-linked quenching of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine. However, uranyl
      ion (UO2+(2+)) caused reversal of the energy-linked quenching of 9-aminoacridine.
      UO2+(2)) concentration yielding 50% of Vmax (S0.5) was approx. 15 microM. Kinetic
      studies revealed that inhibition in the uptake of Ca2+ was competitive with
      UO2+(2) while non-competitive with rare-earth metals. It is proposed that
      inhibition in the uptake of Ca2+ by uranyl ion occurs as a result of UO2+(2)
      transport into the interior of vesicles in exchange for protons, while lanthanide
      cations are not being transported but affect the binding of Ca2+ to the membrane,
      presumably to the Ca2+/H+ antiporter.

PMID- 6838874
TI  - Tetracaine modifies the fragmentation mode of heated human erythrocytes and can
      induce heated cell fusion.
AB  - It is known that human erythrocytes in saline fragment by development of an
      unstable surface wave on the cell rim when cells are heated through the
      denaturation temperature of the structural protein, spectrin. Here the influence
      of tetracaine on the fragmentation process has been recorded and analysed by
      video microscopy of cells heated in rectangular glass microcapillaries. The
      number of waves per cell rim decreases with increasing tetracaine concentration
      until, at 0.5 mM tetracaine, wave growth on the cell rim is suppressed on most
      cells and the cells internalize membrane at the cell dimple. The rate constant
      for the change in the number of waves per cell with increasing tetracaine
      concentration is 9.6 mM-1 at a heating rate of 0.5 K/s. 50% of heated cells
      internalize membrane at 0.14 mM tetracaine. When cells are heated rapidly in
      suspension in test tubes the presence of tetracaine reduces the temperature for
      50% haemolysis from 66 degrees C for washed control cells to 60.5 degrees C for
      cells in 2 mMs tetracaine. Cells heat in microcapillaries in tetracaine
      concentrations of 3 mM and higher begin to swell before the spectrin denaturation
      temperature is reached. Cell fusion was observed at and above the spectrin
      denaturation temperature in cells heated in 3 and 4 mM tetracaine. It was also
      noted that the morphology of erythrocytes maintained in 3.6 mM tetracaine for
      times up to 30 min at 37 degrees C or 20 degrees C was strongly dependent on
      temperature and time.

PMID- 6838875
TI  - Protein-stimulated enrichment of human platelet membranes in
      linoleylphosphatidylcholines. Effect upon adenylate cyclase and fluidity.
AB  - In order to study the effect of linoleyl enrichment of platelet membranes upon
      adenylate cyclase activity and membrane fluidity, manipulations of platelet
      phospholipids are carried out with phosphatidylcholine-loaded high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL) or phospholipid-exchange protein and phospholipid-cholesterol
      mixed vesicles. Incubation with HDL does not appear to be valuable for this
      purpose. On the other hand, phospholipid-exchange protein and mixed vesicles can
      be used successfully. Phospholipid-exchange protein stimulated 3-fold the
      spontaneous exchange of 2-linoleylphosphatidylcholine between the vesicles and
      the platelets. Linoleyl enrichment of platelets by dilinoleylphosphatidylcholine
      is about 25% and by 2-linoleylphosphatidylcholine is about 45-50%. The
      unsaturation index remains constant when the enrichment is performed using
      dilinoleylphosphatidylcholine but it increases with 2
      linoleylphosphatidylcholine. Basal and prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activities are not modified by dilinoleylphosphatidylcholine, while they
      increase significantly in the case of 2-linoleylphosphatidylcholine. There is no
      significant variation in diphenyl hexatriene fluorescence polarization
      parameters, either with dilinoleylphosphatidylcholine or with 2
      linoleylphosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 6838877
TI  - Effect of ion concentration on phosphatidylethanolamine distribution in mixed
      vesicles.
AB  - The membrane of mixed phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles was
      found to be impermeable to the fluorescent label fluorescamine. Added to the
      vesicle solution, fluorescamine labels only the phosphatidylethanolamine
      molecules in the outer layer. The separation of labeled and free phospholipid by
      thin-layer chromatography permits the determination of the inner to outer
      phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. This ratio can be independently obtained by
      multiple sonication and the addition of fluorescamine, which results in a
      progressive increase of the labeled phosphatidylethanolamine. These two methods
      give identical results for the phospholipid distribution. The ratio of the outer
      to the total phosphatidylethanolamine decreases with the increase in the mole
      fraction of phosphatidylethanolamine, in agreement with the results published by
      Litman (Litman, B.J. (1973) Biochemistry 12, 2545-2554). It was also found that
      the lipid distribution is sensitive to changes of the electrolyte concentration
      in the aqueous phase. At high concentrations the distribution is close to the
      symmetrical one; a decrease in ionic strength results in preferential
      localisation of phosphatidylethanolamine molecules in the inner vesicle layer.

PMID- 6838876
TI  - The biosynthetic incorporation of diacetylenic fatty acids into the biomembranes
      of Acholeplasma laidlawii A cells and polymerisation of the biomembranes by
      irradiation with ultraviolet light.
AB  - Acholeplasma laidlawii A has been grown in media containing synthetic, long chain
      C20- and C23-fatty acids possessing a diacetylene group in their acyl chains.
      Growth on the C23 diacetylenic acid was poor but was good on the C20 acid.
      Biosynthetic incorporation of the fatty acids occurs; as much as 90% of the
      membrane lipid fatty acyl chains consisting of the C20-diacetylenic fatty acid,
      the remainder being shorter chain, saturated fatty acids. The thermal phase
      transition of this biomembrane has been studied and a differential scanning
      calorimetry heating curve shows the presence of an endotherm corresponding to a
      membrane lipid phase transition occurring at about 26 degrees C. The lipid class
      composition of membranes containing the C20-diacetylene lipids was examined and
      found to be similar to membranes from cells grown on oleic acid-containing
      medium. (The ratio of monoglucosyl- to diglucosyldiacylglycerols was the same but
      the ratio of glycolipid to phosphatidylglycerol was higher in the cells grown
      with diacetylene fatty acids). Upon irradiation with ultraviolet light the cells
      and isolated biomembranes become coloured, either red or yellow depending upon
      their thermal history. The colour change indicates that extensive cross-linking
      of the lipids of the biomembranes of A. laidlawii has occurred and that a
      conjugated polymeric structure has been formed. Analysis of the extracted lipids
      from the biomembranes by GLC indicates that extensive cross-linking of the lipid
      chains within the biomembrane of a natural cell system has been achieved. The
      monoglucosyldiacylglycerols cross-link more readily that do the
      phosphatidylglycerol lipids. The effect of such lipid cross-linking or
      polymerisation on the activity at 35 degrees C of an intrinsic membrane-bound
      enzyme, NADH oxidase, and ribonuclease, an extrinsic membrane-bound enzyme, was
      studied. The NADH oxidase activity decreased rapidly upon cross-linking of the
      lipid environment whereas ribonuclease activity was unaffected. The potential for
      future studies of polymerised model and natural biomembranes is discussed.

PMID- 6838878
TI  - Hydrophobic ion probe studies of membrane dipole potentials.
AB  - Hydrophobic anions of dipicrylamine and of sodium tetraphenylborate have been
      employed as probes of interfacial dipole potential variations in lipid bilayer
      membranes. Systematic variation of dipole potentials has been achieved by
      introduction of compounds incorporating N+ and B- charge centers. Distribution of
      hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups relative to these charge centers has been
      shown to control the orientation in the membrane/solution interface of the
      electric dipole moment formed by these centers. Thus triphenyl-[4
      trimethylphenylammonium] borate orients with the B- center, surrounded by phenyl
      groups, embedded in the membrane, while the smaller methylated N+ center is
      directed toward the aqueous phases. This orientation has been confirmed using
      dipicrylamine probe ions. Results obtained in this system have been interpreted
      quantitatively using a previously developed model incorporating discrete charge
      effects. A second class of compounds, tri-n-alkylamine borane (TnAB) complexes
      having the generic formula (CnH2n+1)3N+B-H3, have also been synthesized for this
      study, using even-carbon alkyls ranging from ethyl to decyl. Molecular
      orientation of the complex is with the N+ center and its associated alkyl groups
      directed into the membranes, while the protonated B- center is directed toward
      the aqueous phases, as confirmed by use of tetraphenylborate ions as probes.

PMID- 6838880
TI  - Purification of microvillus membrane vesicles from pig small intestine by
      adsorption chromatography on Sepharose.

PMID- 6838881
TI  - The use of 17O-NMR in the study of bond cleavage during the hydrolysis of
      sulphate esters.
AB  - The use of 17O-NMR to investigate bond cleavage during the hydrolysis of sulphate
      esters in water enriched in 17O is described. Despite the inherent disadvantages
      of 17O for NMR studies, this work shows that, in favourable cases, 17O-NMR of 17O
      enriched species is a powerful and sensitive tool for mechanistic studies. It is
      particularly useful when O-S cleavage occurs, resulting in the formation of
      S17O16O3(2-) (5% 17O), which can easily be detected at the biologically relevant
      mumole level. The method complements those using H2(18)O and has the advantage
      that in principle 17O can be detected in either of the hydrolysis products with
      little or no purification. It has been shown that sulphatase A (aryl-sulphate
      sulphohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) cleaves the O-S bond while functioning as a
      cerebroside sulphatase, as it does when functioning as an aryl- or
      glycosulphatase.

PMID- 6838879
TI  - Kinetic tests of models for sugar transport in human erythrocytes and a
      comparison of fresh and cold-stored cells.
AB  - We studied the time course of the entry of galactose into human erythrocytes from
      an external concentration of 500 mM, and analyzed the data by an integrated rate
      equation treatment. We found evidence for only a single, high-affinity site for
      sugar at the inner face of the membrane. We studied the effect of pre-loading
      cells with galactose at various concentrations on the entrance of galactose into
      the cell from 128 mM, and compared the result we found with a previous report of
      a similar experiment from 500 mM external sugar. We found no evidence of other
      than a high affinity for sugar at the inner face of the membrane. The data reject
      a model in which sugar transport occurs on two asymmetric, oppositely directed
      carriers. We studied exchange of glucose into and out of the cells as a function
      of sugar concentration, taking care to minimize metabolism of sugar. We found no
      evidence for other than a single component for glucose exchange. Our data reject
      the 'allosteric pore' model for sugar transport. The explanation of the high
      affinity site for sugar at the inner membrane face thus remains enigmatic. We
      find a very significant difference in the kinetics of glucose exchange when we
      compare freshly drawn and long cold-stored blood. The Km for exchange was almost
      twice as large for cold-stored as for fresh blood.

PMID- 6838882
TI  - Detergent-induced specificity of an antirhodopsin serum for opsin. Micro
      complement fixation studies.
AB  - An antiserum elicited in rabbit against dark-adapted rod outer segment membranes
      has been characterized by means of the micro-complement fixation technique. Both
      particulate rhodopsin and opsin, either biochemically intact or denatured and
      either membrane-bound or in the absence of lipids, are able to interact with the
      antiserum. Solubilization of the antigens in increasing concentrations of
      Emulphogene BC-720 leads to complete loss of complement fixation with both
      rhodopsin and opsin, but in the case of opsin this requires almost 10-times more
      detergent. In the case of opsin this masking phenomenon is preceded by a drastic
      exposure of antigenic sites which in the membrane vesicles are not accessible to
      the antibodies. Absorption experiments show that the antigenic sites on membrane
      bound rhodopsin and opsin, as well as on Emulphogene BC-720-solubilized opsin,
      are of the same nature. Competition experiments show that the masking effect of
      the detergent is due to an inhibition of the primary antigen-antibody interaction
      and not to the inhibition of lattice formation. The use of detergents other than
      Emulphogene BC-720 further demonstrates that detergents more efficiently mask the
      antigenicity of conformationally intact than of denatured rhodopsinoids. The
      balance between the masking and the denaturing efficiency of a particular
      detergent determines whether a detergent-induced immunological discrimination can
      be observed between rhodopsin and opsin. The detergent-induced masking effects
      described are typical for the present antiserum and are probably dependent on
      methodological details of the immunization procedure.

PMID- 6838883
TI  - Amino acid sequence and oligosaccharide attachment sites of the glycosylated
      domain of dog erythrocyte glycophorin.
AB  - Glycophorin was prepared from dog erythrocyte membranes by extraction with
      lithium diiodosalicylate and partition in aqueous phenol. Tryptic and
      chymotryptic treatments of the glycophorin produced two major glycopeptides
      labeled T1 and CH1, respectively. The glycopeptides were isolated by gel
      chromatography followed by ion-exchange chromatography, and subjected to amino
      acid sequence analysis. Both glycopeptides represented the amino-terminal domain
      of the major dog glycophorin; T1 of 52 residues and CH1 of 43 residues. The amino
      terminal sequence of dog glycophorin does not have significant homology with
      those of human, horse or porcine glycophorins. This result is in good agreement
      with our previous proposal that there is no homology in the sequence of the amino
      terminal glycosylated domain of glycophorin.

PMID- 6838884
TI  - Metal-binding properties of a single-sited transferrin fragment.

PMID- 6838886
TI  - Specific photoactivated covalent binding of S-adenosylmethionine to
      phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase.
AB  - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, the common methyl donor in enzymatic methylation
      systems, has been directly cross-linked to phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
      from bovine adrenal medulla. Cross-linking was achieved by direct irradiation of
      a mixture of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase
      in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) by ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The cross-linking
      reaction is highly specific, as shown by a number of criteria. Phenylethanolamine
      N-methyltransferase inhibitors S-adenosyl-homocysteine and SK & F 64139 can block
      this photoactivated cross-linkage. The S-adenosyl-L-methionine-phenylethanolamine
      N-methyltransferase adduct is shown to be a homogeneous protein by Sephadex gel
      filtration, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrofocussing.
      Proteolytic digestion of this adduct releases one major S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      labelled peptide, separable by paper chromatography. The results suggest that the
      cross-linking occurs at the specific active S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding site
      of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase.

PMID- 6838885
TI  - Thermal inactivation of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and
      butyrylcholinesterase.
AB  - To compare acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) and
      butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8), we utilized the
      physical parameter of thermolability. In serum or muscle extracts from mouse and
      rat, butyrylcholinesterase was inactivated as a unimodal function of temperature.
      Inactivation began at 51 degrees C and was complete at 54-57 degrees C (depending
      upon time of incubation). Acetylcholinesterase was inactivated in two stages. A
      60% decrease in activity from 42 to 48 degrees C was followed by a plateau. The
      second stage of inactivation began at 51 degrees C and was complete at 57-60
      degrees C (depending upon time of incubation). Sucrose density gradients revealed
      that the partial loss of acetylcholinesterase activity at 48 degrees C was due to
      inactivation of the monomeric 4 S enzyme, which was the most thermolabile
      molecular form in each tissue examined. When heated after isolation on density
      gradients, most of the forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
      lost activity as a single exponential function of time. The monomers of both
      enzymes were inactivated fastest. Inactivation of the larger froms was slower and
      required higher temperatures. Tetrameric 10 S acetylcholinesterase was unique in
      following a time course that could only be fitted by a double exponential
      equation (i.e., when this form was heated to 55 degrees C, almost 60% of the
      activity showed a short half-life while the remainder showed a long half-life).
      This behavior did not reflect differences in the thermolability of soluble and
      membrane-derived tetramers.

PMID- 6838887
TI  - Comparative proton NMR studies of bovine semen and pancreas ribonucleases.
AB  - The fine structure of bovine semen RNAase was studied with proton NMR
      spectroscopy making use of the four-protein system constituted by dimeric bovine
      semen RNAase, its catalytically active monomeric bis-(S-carboxymethyl-31,32)
      derivative, the naturally monomeric RNAase A from the pancrease of the same
      species, and dimerized RNAase A. Only four histidine C-2 H resonances were
      observed in the aromatic spectrum of bovine semen RNAase, which belong to the
      four histidine residues present in the sequence of bovine semen RNAase subunits
      at positions identical with those of the histidines of RNAase A. This is
      indicative of identical environments for the individual histidine residues in
      both subunits. These resonances were assigned (i) by comparing their titration
      curves with the corresponding curves obtained with RNAase A and with monomeric
      bovine semen RNAase and (ii) by evaluating the effects on their titration curves
      of nucleotide binding. Very similar NMR parameters were measured for His-105 and
      also for His-119 of seminal and pancreatic RNAase, while His-12 was found to have
      different environments in the two proteins. The distinctive NMR features of His
      48 in bovine semen RNAase confirmed the role of the hinge regions of the subunits
      in maintaining the dimeric structure of the protein. While monomerization of the
      seminal enzyme reduced the differences between the histidine C-2 H resonances of
      RNAase A and bovine semen RNAase, dimerization of RNAase A did not affect the NMR
      spectrum of this protein, thus indicating as unlikely the possibility that the
      quaternary structure of bovine semen RNAase resembles that of dimerized RNAase A.

PMID- 6838888
TI  - The action of thrombin on peptide p-nitroanilide substrates. Substrate
      selectivity and examination of hydrolysis under different reaction conditions.
AB  - Kinetic parameters for the action of bovine alpha-thrombin on 24 commercially
      available peptide p-nitroanilides have been determined. The selectivity constant,
      kcat/Km, ranges from 3.3 X 10(1) to 1.1 X 10(8) M-1 X S-1 for the poorest and the
      best substrates, respectively. The best substrates for thrombin were identified
      as those with arginine in the P1 position, proline or a proline homolog in the P2
      position, and an apolar amino acid in the P3 position. Quantitative distinction
      between lysine and arginine in the P1 position and other amino acids in the P2-P4
      positions of the substrate is reported from the changes in the kinetic parameters
      for substrates differing in only a single amino acid in these positions. Effects
      of NaCl, CaCl2 and poly(ethylene glycol) concentrations, pH and temperature on
      the action of thrombin on selected substrates have been assessed. A source of
      large systematic error in thrombin concentration estimates was identified as
      resulting from adsorption losses. These losses were eliminated by inclusion of
      poly(ethylene glycol) in dilution and reaction buffers.

PMID- 6838889
TI  - Solution composition dependent variation in extinction coefficients for p
      nitroaniline.
AB  - The dependence of the extinction coefficients for para-nitroaniline on solution
      composition has been investigated. The p-nitroaniline absorption spectrum is red
      shifted with increasing ionic strength, with the consequence that the extinction
      coefficients at fixed wavelengths may vary significantly. The isosbestic
      wavelength for peptide p-nitroanilide/p-nitroaniline mixtures is similarly
      shifted. Poly(ethylene glycol) and bovine albumin, two additives frequently
      employed to eliminate enzyme loss from adsorption to cuvette and dilution vessel
      surfaces, also induce shifts in the p-nitroaniline spectrum. The use of a
      difference extinction coefficient at 381 nm, the p-nitroaniline maximum
      wavelength, is proposed to minimize the error resulting from solution composition
      dependent spectral shifts.

PMID- 6838890
TI  - 1H-NMR study on the tautomerism of the imidazole ring of histidine residues. I.
      Microscopic pK values and molar ratios of tautomers in histidine-containing
      peptides.
AB  - The 1H-NMR titration curves of chemical shifts versus pH were observed for
      imidazole, N1-methylimidazole, L-histidine, N1-methyl-L-histidine, N3-methyl-L
      histidine, and other related compounds. With these results, the macroscopic pK
      values of these compounds were determined by a computer curve-fitting for a
      simple dissociation sequence. From the pK values of imidazole and N1
      methylimidazole, the perturbation for the pK of the imidazole ring due to the
      substitution of a proton with a methyl group was estimated as -0.21 pH unit. The
      microscopic pK values of the individual tautomers of the imidazole ring were
      estimated with the pK values of N1-methyl-L-histidine, N3-methyl-L-histidine, and
      perturbation due to methyl substitution. The estimated pK values were 6.73 for
      the N1-H tautomer and 6.12 for the N3-H tautomer. These values were in good
      agreement with those obtained using carboxymethyl derivatives instead of methyl
      derivatives. Furthermore, the macroscopic pK value (6.02) calculated using the
      estimated microscopic pK values agreed with that (6.03) observed for the
      imidazole ring of L-histidine. Thus the method in this work was indicated to be
      self-consistent. The microscopic pK values of tautomers were also obtained for N
      alpha-acetyl-L-histidine and N alpha-acetyl-L-histidine methylamide. The molar
      ratios of tautomers were calculated on the basis of the microscopic pK values of
      tautomers. The intrinsic (or unperturbed) pK value of imidazole ring and
      perturbations due to the CO2- and NH3+ were obtained for each of the N1-H and N3
      H tautomers.

PMID- 6838891
TI  - 1H-NMR study on the tautomerism of the imidazole ring of histidine residues. II.
      Microenvironments of histidine-12 and histidine-119 of bovine pancreatic
      ribonuclease A.
AB  - The NMR titration curves of proton chemical shifts were observed for the C2
      protons of histidine residues in intact bovine pancreatic RNAase A (EC 3.1.27.5)
      and carboxyalkylated RNAase A. By comparing the methyl region of NMR spectra, the
      250-340 nm region of circular dichoic spectra, and the NMR titration curves of
      tyrosine ring protons among intact and modified RNAase A, it was ascertained that
      the carboxyalkylation of histidine residues at position 12 or 119 did not make
      any appreciable conformational changes to RNAase A. With the pK values determined
      for intact and modified RNAase A, the microscopic pK values and molar ratios of
      tautomers were estimated for His-12 and His-119 by means of the procedure
      described in the preceding paper. The estimated microscopic pK values of
      tautomers were 6.2 for the N1-H tautomer of His-12, more than 8 for the N3-H
      tautomer of His-12, 7.0 for the N1-H tautomer of His-119, and 6.4 for the N3-H
      tautomer of His-119, respectively. These values were interpreted in terms of the
      microscopic environments surrounding the histidine residues. The microscopic
      structure estimated in the present study was discussed, comparing it with those
      from X-ray crystallography and hydrogen-tritium (or hydrogen-deuterium) exchange
      technique.

PMID- 6838892
TI  - Aggregation of hemoglobin S modified by bifunctional imidoesters.
AB  - Sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) was cross-linked by two types of bifunctional
      imidoesters, dimethyladipimidate (DMA) and dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate
      (DTBP). These modified hemoglobins were separated into monomer, dimer and polymer
      fractions by gel filtration. All of these modified hemoglobins showed extremely
      left-shifted oxygen equilibrium curves with no cooperativity. The stabilities of
      these hemoglobins were also decreased. The solubilities of these modified
      hemoglobins in high-phosphate buffers were lower than those of native Hb S.
      Studies on the kinetics of the aggregation of these modified hemoglobins showed
      that intracross-linked Hb S with DMA and DTBP (DMA- and DTBP-modified monomeric
      Hb S) still retained the capability of aggregation with a delay time, while
      intercross-linked Hb S with DMA and DTBP (DMA- and DTBP-modified oligomeric Hb S)
      aggregated without a delay time. When the kinetics of aggregation was measured
      for mixtures of modified and native deoxy-Hb S, DMA-modified monomeric deoxy-Hb S
      shortened the delay time prior to aggregation of native deoxy-Hb S. The other
      modified deoxy-Hb S did not affect the delay time, suggesting that these modified
      oligomeric hemoglobins neither participate in the formation of nuclei nor
      copolymerize with native deoxy-Hb S.

PMID- 6838893
TI  - pH-dependent cold lability of rabbit skeletal muscle AMP deaminase.
AB  - Rabbit skeletal muscle AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) at low
      temperature and pH value above 7 undergoes inactivation, with a half-time of the
      order of several minutes. The loss of activity becomes more extensive at lower
      enzyme concentrations and higher pH values. It is reversible, since cold
      inactivated AMP deaminase can be reactivated by raising the temperature, but not
      by lowering the pH, of the incubation mixture. The residual activity at the end
      of the inactivation process at various temperatures, reflecting the equilibrium
      between active and inactive forms of the enzyme, has been studied as a function
      of pH to determine the apparent pK and heat of ionization of the process. A
      general mechanism of reversible inactivation of AMP deaminase is postulated which
      assumes that deprotonation of the enzyme is followed by isomerization to a form
      which at low temperature slowly dissociates into the less-active subunits. Cold
      inactivated AMP deaminase no longer shows the pH-dependent sigmoidal behaviour of
      the native enzyme, but regains this property along with the reactivation process.
      This suggests that allosteric kinetics at basic pH are probably produced by the
      same isomerization process which is involved in the mechanism for cold lability
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 6838894
TI  - A comparative study of the low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism spectra of
      horse heart metmyoglobin and bovine liver catalase derivatives.
AB  - The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of three horse heart metmyoglobin
      compounds, the cyanide, azide and hydroxide forms, have been measured in the
      visible and near infrared spectral regions at temperatures down to 1.5 K. The
      three compounds are all virtually completely low-spin at low temperatures with
      ground g factors of decreasing rhombicity in the order CN- greater than N3-
      greater than OH-. The MCD magnetization curves have been constructed at selected
      wavelengths throughout the visible and near infrared regions. The curves are
      independent of wavelength, showing that all the bands studied are x,y polarized
      and can, moreover, be satisfactorily fitted to the g factors determined by EPR
      spectroscopy with theoretical expressions (Thomson, A.J. and Johnson, M.K. (1980)
      Biochem. J. 191, 411-420). This confirms the assignment and polarizations of the
      near infrared region low-spin ferric haem charge-transfer bands. The energies of
      these transitions are markedly dependent upon the added axial ligand, ranging
      from 1595 to 1295, and 1050 nm for the compounds CN-, N3- and OH-. The MCD
      spectra of bovine liver catalase and its cyanide adduct have been recorded in the
      Soret, visible and near infrared regions. Catalase is know to have phenolate
      anion as the proximal ligand of the haem group. The forms of the spectra make an
      interesting comparison with those of the analogous metmyoglobin derivatives, in
      which histidine is the proximal ligand. The MCD spectra of catalase at 4.2 K is
      an example of a fully high-spin haemoprotein. The cyanide compound is completely
      low-spin at 4.2 K. The near infrared charge-transfer band is at 1300 nm, showing
      the effect on the energy of this band of changing from imidazole to phenolate ion
      as the proximal ligand to haem.

PMID- 6838895
TI  - Thermodynamic investigations of cytochrome b5 unfolding. II. Detergent
      solubilized cytochrome b5 in solution and in a reconstituted system with
      dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Thermal unfolding of the detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5 was investigated by
      scanning calorimetry. The protein shows different thermostability in the presence
      and absence of detergent, and it achieves the maximal transition temperature
      after incorporation into dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes. However,
      transition temperature and Gibbs energy change at unfolding are still lower than
      that of the tryptic fragment of cytochrome b5 in aqueous solution. Cytochrome b5
      undergoes in aqueous solution in the absence of detergent an irreversible,
      complicated transition, but it remains in the associated state after thermal
      denaturation. Half transition temperature, enthalpy and heat capacity changes of
      cytochrome b5 unfolding under various external conditions are reported and
      compared with the corresponding values of the tryptic fragment of the protein.
      The thermodynamic data and independent results are suitable for detailing a model
      proposed by Tanford (The Hydrophobic Effect (1980), pp. 205-211, John Wiley &
      Sons, New York) for the spatial arrangement of the protein within the membrane.

PMID- 6838896
TI  - Chicken cardiac myoglobin revisited.

PMID- 6838898
TI  - Probable binding region of small hydrophobic molecules on hemoglobin. Spin label
      induced nuclear magnetic relaxation.
AB  - The interactions of phenylalanine, valine and alanine with hemoglobin have been
      compared using spin lattice nuclear magnetic relaxation and spin label-enhanced
      nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements. The results indicate that phenylalanine
      exhibits weak hydrophobic binding to hemoglobin, and that the binding site is
      probably located within about 7-13 A of the nitroxide free electron of spin
      labeled hemoglobin. This distance is consistent with the binding site being
      located within a hydrophobic region comprised of the side chains of the beta
      chain residues, phenylalanine beta 85, leucine beta 88 and leucine beta 91, and
      perhaps a segment of the beta heme porphyrin ring.

PMID- 6838897
TI  - Hypertriacylglycerolemia and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in the
      Nagase analbuminemic rat.
AB  - In Nagase analbuminemic rats, serum triacylglycerol levels were significantly
      elevated. This abnormality was accompanied by decreased adipose tissue fat
      stores, and both were more marked in female than in male rats. Parametrial
      adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was determined in normally fed female
      rats. When expressed per mg protein, the activity in analbuminemic rats was only
      35% of that in control rats. The activity in analbuminemic rats, however, could
      be increased as in control rats by refeeding starved animals with a fat-free and
      carbohydrate-rich diet, and the peak values recorded were the same with the two
      groups. Treatment of animals with streptozotocin lowered adipose tissue
      lipoprotein lipase activity in both groups to similar levels. These results
      suggest that hypertriacylglycerolemia associated with analbuminemia may be
      caused, at least in part, by altered hormonal control of adipose tissue
      lipoprotein lipase activity.

PMID- 6838899
TI  - Selective crystallization of horse isoferritins.
AB  - Various precipitating agents were examined in order to crystallize horse heart
      and spleen ferritins. Cadmium sulfate induced the crystallization of the spleen
      ferritin, while 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and poly(ethylene glycol) only induced
      that of the heart ferritin. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed that the
      crystals grown from cadmium sulfate contained only the more acidic isoferritins,
      and those grown from methyl pentanediol only the less acidic isoferritins. Heart
      ferritin crystallizes in a cubic space group, as previously reported for spleen
      ferritin crystals grown from cadmium sulfate.

PMID- 6838900
TI  - The effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency and hepatectomy on the synthesis of oxalate
      from glycolate in the rat.
AB  - The interrelationship between vitamin B-6 deficiency, liver and extrahepatic
      tissues with respect to oxalate biosynthesis from [14C1]glycolate in the rat has
      been investigated. Separate groups of vitamin B-6 deficient and control rats were
      subjected to total hepatectomy and the metabolism of injected [14C1]glycolate was
      followed by measuring the respired 14CO2 and analyzing the urine and blood for
      radioactive metabolites. Vitamin B-6 deficient and control rats were subjected to
      sham hepatectomies and used as controls. Vitamin B-6 deficient rats showed
      elevated urinary oxalate compared to controls. Hepatectomy reduced [14C]oxalate
      excretion and eliminated the B-6 effect. Respiratory 14CO2 was significantly
      lowered in hepatectomized rats and vitamin B-6 deficiency enhanced the reduction.
      A difference in oxalate metabolism between normal and vitamin B-6 deficient rat
      kidneys and possibly other tissues is indicated. The results suggest that the
      influence of vitamin B-6 on oxalate metabolism is mediated mainly through the
      liver and supports earlier observations that liver, which contains two oxalate
      synthesizing enzymes, glycolic acid oxidase and glycolic acid dehydrogenase, is a
      primary site for the synthesis of oxalate from glycolate.

PMID- 6838902
TI  - Regulation of ligand binding to cardiac muscarinic receptors by ammonium ion and
      guanine nucleotides.
AB  - Guanine nucleotides and Na+ are known to regulate ligand binding to cardiac
      muscarinic receptors, which are negatively coupled to the adenylate cyclase
      system. In the present study, we found that NH+4 was more potent than Na+ or
      other monovalent cations in regulating the affinity of the muscarinic receptor
      for agonists and antagonists. The effect of NH+4 (or Na+) on the binding of the
      antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to muscarinic receptors in
      homogenates of embryonic chick hearts depended on the assay buffer used. NH+4
      increased Kd in phosphate buffer or histidine and increased Bmax in Tris. NH+4
      (0.1 M) increased the IC50 value for acetylcholine inhibition of [3H]QNB binding
      20-fold compared to 3-4-fold with 0.1 M Na+ or K+. Furthermore, NH+4 could
      substitute for and was more potent than Na+ in producing synergistic effects with
      Gpp[NH]p to reduce the affinity of the receptor for acetylcholine. Tris depressed
      these effects. Gpp[NH]p plus 0.4 M NH4Cl totally converted the receptor
      population to a low affinity agonist state and increased the IC50 for
      acetylcholine by more than 2000-fold. Two conclusions can be made from the
      present results. First, NH+4 appears to be the most potent effector yet studied
      of the monovalent cation site of the muscarinic receptor system. Second, the use
      of Tris in muscarinic receptor ligand binding assays will produce anomalous
      results concerning the properties of both agonist and antagonist binding to the
      receptor.

PMID- 6838901
TI  - The inhibitory effect of octanoate, palmitate and oleate on glucose formation in
      rabbit kidney tubules.
AB  - The effect of octanoate, palmitate and oleate on glucose formation was studied
      with lactate, pyruvate or malate as substrate in kidney tubules isolated from
      fasted rabbits. All fatty acids studied inhibited the rate of glucose production
      by about 30-50% depending on the glucose precursor and fatty acid used,
      stimulated the oxygen uptake by about 50% and increased the mitochondrial
      NADH/NAD+ ratio, as manifested by a marked rise of 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate
      ratio. Octanoate was twice as quickly utilized for ketone body production than
      palmitate and oleate were. As concluded from the 'crossover' plot the inhibitory
      effect of fatty acids on gluconeogenesis in rabbit kidney tubules may be due to:
      (i) a decrease of mitochondrial generation of phosphoenolpyruvate and (ii) an
      inhibition of flux through fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

PMID- 6838903
TI  - Conditions for the measurement of nuclear estrogen receptor at low temperature.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine optimum conditions for the extraction and
      measurement of uterine nuclear estrogen receptor at low temperature. We measured
      the influence of glycerol, 0.5 M KCl, 10 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and 0.5 M
      NaSCN on the dissociation of estradiol from the receptor at 0 degree C. The half
      time (t 1/2) of estradiol dissociation from the receptor in 0.5 M KCl nuclear
      extracts containing 30% glycerol was very slow (greater than 250 h). Exclusion of
      glycerol from the extract (Tris buffer) increased the dissociation rate (t 1/2 =
      35 h). The inhibitory effect of glycerol on estradiol dissociation kinetics
      predominated over the mild stimulatory effect of KCl; and both effects were
      independent of the electrical conductivity of the buffer. When pyridoxal
      phosphate was added to a nuclear KCl extract (barbital buffer) lacking glycerol,
      dissociation of the estrogen-receptor complex increased such that the t 1/2
      decreased from 20 to 7.6 h; the receptor extracted from nuclei with 10 mM
      pyridoxal phosphate exhibited these same rapid dissociation kinetics. The t 1/2
      of estradiol dissociation from the receptor at 0 degree C in the presence of 0.5
      M NaSCN was 5.6 h. Following extraction of uterine receptor by KCl, pyridoxal
      phosphate, or NaSCN, we measured the number of estradiol binding sites at each of
      two incubation temperatures: 30 degree C for 1 h and 0 degree C for 24 h. We
      verified that unoccupied receptor was measured reliably in KCl extract during
      incubation at 0 degrees C in the presence of glycerol. Total receptor can be
      determined using either pyridoxal phosphate extract or NaSCN extract at low
      temperature. However, the number of sites recovered in either pyridoxal phosphate
      or NaSCN extract was twice the number obtained with the KCl procedure at elevated
      temperature. It is noteworthy that pyridoxal phosphate and NaSCN increased the
      number of sites when added directly to nuclear KCl extract, and the effect of
      pyridoxal phosphate and NaSCN was reversed by treatment with L-lysine and
      dialysis against KCl, respectively. Thus, the lower receptor recovery with the
      KCl procedure is not due to the inability of KCl to extract these sites from the
      nucleus but rather is ascribable to the assay procedure itself. Although total
      receptor can be measured at low temperature with either NaSCN or pyridoxal
      phosphate, the pyridoxal phosphate method can be used to assay nuclear
      progesterone receptor in the same extract.

PMID- 6838904
TI  - Effect of acidosis and uninephrectomy on isozymes of adenylosuccinate synthetase
      in rat kidney.
AB  - Normal rat kidney contains primarily the L isozyme of adenylosuccinate
      synthetase. The increase in total adenylosuccinate synthetase activity that
      occurs in response to NH4Cl-feeding or a low potassium diet is mainly due to
      increase in the L isozyme, rather than to an increase in the M isozyme. 1 day
      after uninephrectomy there is little change in total adenylosuccinate synthetase
      activity or isozyme distribution in the remaining kidney. These results do not
      support extension to kidney of the theory proposed for liver that the L isozyme
      is involved in purine biosynthesis while the M isozyme is involved in ammonia
      production from amino acids via the purine nucleotide cycle.

PMID- 6838907
TI  - Iron content and degree of lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria isolated from
      iron-loaded rats.
AB  - 1. The content of non-heme iron and the degree of lipid peroxidation were
      measured in liver mitochondria isolated from rats injected with either Jectofer
      (an iron-sorbitol-citric acid complex) or iron-nitrilotriacetate. 2. The
      sedimentation profiles of the mitochondria from controls and iron-treated rats,
      as revealed by analytical differential centrifugation, indicated single
      population of mitochondria with -S4,B values of 13 200 +/- 560 S and 14 200 +/-
      590 S for controls and iron-loaded animals, respectively. In contrast, the
      sedimentation profiles of the acid phosphatase activity and the non-heme iron
      revealed marked polydispersities with at least three populations of particles for
      both controls and iron-loaded animals. 3. The mitochondria and iron-rich
      lysosomes were separated by density-gradient centrifugation in an isotonic medium
      of Percoll and sucrose. With this technique, the amount of non-heme iron in a
      mitochondrial fraction obtained by differential centrifugation decreased from 69
      +/- 28 nmol/mg protein to 5.6 +/- 1.1 nmol/mg protein and from 19.3 +/- 5.6
      nmol/mg protein to 3.3 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein for Jectofer and iron
      nitrilotriacetate injected rats, respectively. For control rats the amount of
      mitochondrial non-heme iron was about 2.7 nmol/mg protein both before and
      following density gradient centrifugation. The extra amount of non-heme iron
      still present in the purified mitochondrial fraction from iron-loaded rats, as
      compared to controls, was further characterized by the reactivity towards
      bathophenanthroline sulfonate. The results suggest that the extra iron was due to
      a small amount of either ferritin or hemosiderin still contaminating the
      mitochondrial fraction. The amount of mitochondrial heme iron was the same in
      iron-loaded rats and controls. 4. The degree of lipid peroxidation in the
      mitochondria was estimated from the amount of malondialdehyde. The thiobarbituric
      acid method used for the quantitation of malondialdehyde was modified so that it
      was insensitive to variable amounts of iron present in the samples. No difference
      in the degree of lipid peroxidation was observed between the mitochondria from
      iron-loaded rats and controls. 5. In contrast to recent proposals (Hanstein,
      W.G., et al. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 678, 293-299), the present study
      showed that the amounts of non-heme iron and the degrees of lipid peroxidation
      are the same in mitochondria isolated from iron-loaded and control animals.

PMID- 6838906
TI  - Breakdown of cartilage proteoglycan in a tissue culture model of rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Proteoglycan breakdown was studied in a coculture model which mimics the
      confrontation between synovium and cartilage that occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.
      Bovine nasal-septum cartilage discs radioactively labeled (35SO2-4 with or
      without [3H]glucosamine) and 'chased' in non-radioactive medium were cultured in
      contact with minced rheumatoid synovial membranes for intervals up to 8 days.
      Synovium-stimulated (2-3-fold) cartilage breakdown was unaffected by ascorbate
      supplementation. Labeled products (small molecules plus proteoglycan complexes)
      in culture media were characterized by chromatographic, sedimentation and enzymic
      digestion methods. Breakdown was dominated by the release of a range of
      proteoglycan products, fully disaggregated and incapable of reaggregation with
      added hyaluronate. Because constituent glycosaminoglycans were of uniform size,
      proteoglycan polydispersity was attributed to differences in core protein length.
      Hydrocortisone inhibited degradation and partially prevented the shift of
      proteoglycans to lower average molecular weight. An additional breakdown pattern
      occasionally noted during the initial 48 h of coculture was characterized by
      release of a subpopulation of low charge-density proteoglycan bearing shortened
      glycosaminoglycan chains, consistent with glycosidase action. We conclude that
      rheumatoid synovia exhibit two distinct cartilage degradative potencies in vitro
      that may be important in vivo: (a) A variable hyaluronidase-like activity at
      early culture times, and (b) a dominant proteolytic activity generating an array
      of disaggregated proteoglycan products that differ largely on the basis of their
      core lengths. The response to hydrocortisone is consistent with inhibition of
      proteolysis through the stabilization of cellular membranes.

PMID- 6838905
TI  - Glutathione-dependent protection by rat liver microsomal protein against lipid
      peroxidation.
AB  - GSH is an important cellular defense against oxidant injury. Its effect in the
      rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation system has been examined. Incubation of
      fresh rat liver microsomes with ascorbic acid and ADP-chelated iron leads to the
      peroxidation of microsomal lipids (production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive
      substances and destruction of polyunsaturated fatty acids) following a 2 to 5 min
      lag. Addition of 0.1 mM GSH to the system lengthened the lag period by 5 to 15
      min without affecting the rate or the extent of lipid peroxidation. GSH could not
      be replaced in prolonging the lag by cysteine, mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol,
      propylthiouracil, or GSSG. The GSH effect on the lag was abolished by heating or
      trypsin digestion of the microsomes, indicating that microsomal protein is
      required for its expression. Progressively longer lags were observed as the GSH
      concentration was increased from 0.1 to 5 mM, but there was no evidence of GSH
      oxidation as a consequence of the protection against lipid peroxidation. GSH
      protected against heat inactivation of the microsomal protein responsible for the
      GSH effect. Experiments with an oxygen electrode revealed that the GSH protection
      did not alter the ratio of O2 consumed to thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
      produced. This implicated free radical scavenging as the mechanism of protection.
      These results indicate the existence of a GSH-dependent rat liver microsomal
      protein which scavenges free radicals. This protein may be an important defense
      against free radical injury to the microsomal membrane.

PMID- 6838908
TI  - Inhibition of immune aggregate-induced activation of the first complement
      component by cationic polypeptides.
AB  - A cationic amino acid copolymer (CP530) with a molar ratio of lysine, leucine,
      tryptophan and phenylalanine of 11:2:1:1 and a Mr of about 2300 was prepared and
      its inhibitory effects on the complement cascade was compared with those of
      polylysine with a Mr of about 3000. The effects by these two cationic peptides
      appeared to be at the early stage of complement activation. CP530 and polylysine
      inhibited the binding of C1q to insoluble IgG aggregates with a concentration
      required for 50% inhibition of 0.7 and 0.9 mM, respectively. Both compounds were
      also potent inhibitors of immune hemolysis (a concentration causing 50%
      inhibition, 0.5 and 3.5 microM respectively) as well as assembly of EAC cell
      intermediates required for formation of C3 and C5 convertases (a concentration of
      50% inhibition of 1.0 microM for CP530 and 3.8 microM for polylysine). However,
      CP530 was shown to be distinctly more effective against the activation of C1r .
      Cls complex induced by insoluble IgG aggregate-bound C1q, requiring 0.15 mM for
      50% inhibition compared to greater than 10 mM for polylysine. The 50% inhibition
      value for soluble IgG aggregate-induced activation of C1 in whole serum was 0.7
      mM for CP530 and 5.0 mM for polylysine. The greater inhibition of C1 activation
      by CP530 than that exerted by polylysine could be attributable to the presence of
      non-lysyl residues which provide the structural basis for specificity and
      potency.

PMID- 6838909
TI  - Oxalate synthesis from [14C1]glycollate and [14C1]glyoxylate in the
      hepatectomized rat.
AB  - Hepatectomy significantly altered the metabolism of [1-14C]glyoxylate and [1
      14C]glycollate in the rat. The production of 14CO2 was reduced by 47% and 77-86%,
      respectively, indicating the involvement of the liver in the oxidation of both
      substrates. Unidentified intermediates, assumed to be primarily glycine, serine
      and ethanolamine, were also reduced by over 50%, as would be expected from the
      removal of the aminotransferase enzymes through the hepatectomy. The biosynthesis
      of [14C]oxalate from [1-14C]glycollate was reduced by more than 80% in the
      hepatectomized rat. This suggests that this oxidation is primarily catalyzed by
      the liver enzymes, glycolic acid oxidase and glycolic acid dehydrogenase, in the
      intact rat. The limited formation of [14C]oxalate from [14C1]glycollate observed
      in the hepatectomized rat is probably catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase or
      extrahepatic glycolic acid oxidase. Hepatectomy did not significantly alter the
      rate of formation of [14C]oxalate from [14C1]glyoxylate. However, since
      saturating concentrations of glyoxylate could not be used because of the toxicity
      of this substrate, the involvement of glycollic acid oxidase in this oxidation
      reaction in the intact rat can not be ruled out. In the hepatectomized rat,
      lactate dehydrogenase appears to be the enzyme making the major contribution,
      although other as yet not identified enzymes may be contributing. The increased
      deposition of oxalate in the tissues, oxalosis, may result from the shift in
      oxalate synthesis from the liver to the extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 6838910
TI  - Analysis of the acid polysaccharides from squid cranial cartilage and examination
      of a novel polysaccharide.
AB  - The polysaccharides of cranical cartilage were isolated by ethanol precipitation
      after papain digestion and beta-elimination procedures and were fractionated
      chromatographically on CPC-cellulose. In addition to the previously described,
      heavily oversulphated chondroitin sulphate, the tissue contained small amounts of
      hyaluronic acid, which, however, co-eluted with the chondroitin sulphate from the
      CPC-cellulose. Approx. 20% of the isolated polysaccharides consisted of an acidic
      polysaccharide which to our knowledge is not previously described. This
      polysaccharide consists mainly of glucuronic acid, galactose and mannose in a
      molar ratio of 1:2:1. Gel chromatography of the preparation indicated a
      polydisperse molecule with an apparent average molecular weight of 39 200 on
      weight basis (Mw) and 31 400 on number basis (Mn).

PMID- 6838911
TI  - An analogue model of the luminosity-channel in the vertebrate cone retina. 1.
      Hardware and responses to square wave voltages.
AB  - An analogue simulation was built of the vertebrate cone retina based on the model
      of Siminoff [J. Theor. Biol. 86, 673 (1980)]. Linear operational amplifiers were
      used for a few simple processes such as summation, integration (for synaptic
      delay), inversion and gain. Spatial and temporal properties of retinal elements
      were developed by interaction of simulated retinal neurons. Tonic and phasic
      ganglion cells were formed from the center-surround antagonistic receptive fields
      of bipolar cells. Center field input voltages favored the static levels of tonic
      units, while surround field input voltages favored the phasic units. Properties
      of receptive fields of retinal neurons could be simulated by the model using 2
      antagonistic input voltages, one of which had a longer synaptic delay. Negative
      feedback from horizontal cells to cones and its potentiation by electrical
      coupling of horizontal cells reinforced overshoot produced by surround field
      input voltages with its extra synaptic delay as compared to the center field
      input voltage. In spite of simplifications, the model was a good representation
      of some properties of the retina.

PMID- 6838912
TI  - The information transmitted at final position in visually triggered forearm
      movements.
AB  - Visually triggered forearm movements were analyzed by an Information Theory
      approach. Human subjects made smooth movements which were characterized by
      moderate speeds, ranging about 100 degrees per second, by continuity in the
      position and velocity traces, and attainment of final average EMG levels before
      completion of the movement. We calculated the information transmitted by final
      position, biceps EMG, triceps EMG, and the ratio of the EMGs. The results were:
      (1) The information transmitted by final joint angle increased with number of
      targets but gradually levelled off. The maximum value was slightly over 3 bits,
      corresponding to an equivalent number of less than nine independent arm positions
      for a single movement. (2) The information transmitted by the ratio of the EMGs
      exceeds that transmitted by the biceps or triceps alone. (3) A previous
      theoretical prediction based on a spring model (Sakitt, 1980a) gives a moderately
      good fit to the experimental EMG ratio as a function of final position over a
      large range of angles. Our results lend consistency to two ideas about the nature
      of visually triggered forearm movements. First, our finding about the EMG ratio
      suggests that the basic motor program for final position is probably in terms of
      relative allocation of innervations, rather than looking up individual values.
      Second, single movements of this kind transmit surprisingly little information.
      If this is the case, it suggests that very fine accuracy is not achieved by a
      single program but requires feedback in order to program and execute additional
      movement.

PMID- 6838913
TI  - Evaluation of neuronal coupling dynamics.
AB  - Temporary correlated activity of neuron assemblies is believed to play a
      substantial role for the brain's pattern recognition ability. To study the
      underlying principles of such mechanisms, a method is proposed for the
      characterization of the interneuronal and stimulus-response coupling changes of
      two periodically driven and simultaneously recorded units. The coupling measure
      is derived from the cross correlation function by calculating the actual
      correlation contributions without performing the subsequent time-average (which
      would give the cross correlation function). Examples are given for simultaneously
      recorded spike trains from visual cortical units, but the method can be applied
      equally well to evoked potentials or intracellular recordings.

PMID- 6838914
TI  - Physical principles for economies of skilled movements.
AB  - This paper presents some elementary principles regarding constraints on
      movements, which may be useful in modeling and interpreting motor control
      strategies for skilled movements. Movements which are optimum with respect to
      various objectives, or "costs", are analyzed and compared. The specific costs
      considered are related to movement time, distance, peak velocity, energy, peak
      acceleration, and rate of change of acceleration (jerk). The velocity patterns
      for the various minimum cost movements are compared with each other and with some
      skilled movement patterns. The concept of performance trade-offs between
      competing objectives is used to interpret the distance-time relationships
      observed in skilled movements. Examples of arm movements during violin bowing and
      jaw movements during speech are used to show how skilled movements are influenced
      by considerations of physical economy, or "ease", of movement. Minimum-cost
      solutions for the various costs, which include the effect of frictional forces,
      are given in Appendices.

PMID- 6838915
TI  - Chromatic induction: responses of neurophysiological double opponent units?
AB  - Equations have been derived that improve the quantification of sensory
      equidistant colour and lightness differences. This has been achieved by a
      physiological approach involving non-linear responses of cone mechanisms and two
      subsequent stages of linear opponent transformation to describe the Munsell
      System (Seim and Valberg, 1980). Using the formulation for the first opponent
      stage, colours induced into an achromatic center field by a chromatic surround
      varying in purity, are shown to follow the same power function of the opponent
      coordinates for all hues. By analogy, a physiological model for colour coding and
      colour induction is offered. Double opponent neurones with spatially
      antagonistic, spectrally opponent and symmetric receptive fields constitute the
      units of the model. Colour induction is related to lateral excitation and colour
      differences to response differences of these units.

PMID- 6838916
TI  - Kinetic theory of neural systems: analysis of the activity of the two-dimensional
      model.

PMID- 6838917
TI  - [Age changes in the metabolism of nuclear precursors of mRNA in liver and brain
      cortex cells of rats].

PMID- 6838918
TI  - [Reverse electron transfer in mitochondria of the yeast Endomyces magnusii grown
      on glycerol].

PMID- 6838919
TI  - [Modification of arginine residues of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      The enzyme from rat and rabbit skeletal muscles].

PMID- 6838920
TI  - [Functional activity of the components protein synthesis apparatus of hepatocytes
      during cycloheximide-inhibited protein biosynthesis].

PMID- 6838921
TI  - [Processing and some properties of DNA-polymerase alpha from sea urchin embryos].

PMID- 6838922
TI  - [Relationships between the adenine nucleotide system and oxidative
      phosphorylation in rat liver during starvation].

PMID- 6838923
TI  - [External pathway of NADH oxidation and fluidity of mitochondrial membrane].

PMID- 6838924
TI  - [Direction of fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts
      from developing pea leaves].

PMID- 6838925
TI  - [Differences in the composition of nuclear and chromatin phospholipids in
      proliferating rat liver cells after partial hepatectomy].

PMID- 6838926
TI  - [Reactivation of cyanide-resistant respiration of yeast mitochondria by
      nucleotides and azolectin].

PMID- 6838927
TI  - [Kinetic properties and functional role of domains of Micrococcus sp n. histidine
      decarboxylase].

PMID- 6838928
TI  - [Collagen biosynthesis during Beluga early embryogenesis].

PMID- 6838929
TI  - [Effect of some derivatives of piperidine, piperazine and related compounds on
      deamination of serotonin, tyramine and benzylamine by pig liver mitochondrial
      monoamine oxidase].

PMID- 6838931
TI  - [Structural-functional non-identity of subunits of creatine kinase from rabbit
      skeletal muscle].

PMID- 6838930
TI  - [Effect of lipid peroxidation on the structure of serum lipoproteins].

PMID- 6838932
TI  - [Distribution of lipids and lipolytic activity between the solid and liquid
      phases of an enteral medium].
AB  - Data on the lipid and lipase activity distribution between the solid and liquid
      phases of the enteric coacervate formed from pancreatic secretion at lower pH is
      described. It is established that after coacervation the amount of lipids
      available for extraction increases, the lipase activity of sample grows, the
      major part of the lipase activity becomes localized in the solid phase. The solid
      phase is rich in lipids, the content of which pH dependent. A hypothetical
      mechanism of these phenomena and some computations are presented.

PMID- 6838933
TI  - [Protective action of serotonin in relation to oxyhemoglobin during the
      ultraviolet irradiation of a mixture of their solutions].
AB  - It was shown by the spectral method that 5 x 10(-5) serotonin protected native
      (20 degrees C) oxyhemoglobin (1,48 x 10(-5) M) against UV-irradiation of the
      mixture (dose 12,4 x 10(4) erg/sm2). Serotonin also displays the protective
      effect with thermally modified (45 degrees) hemoprotein as the degree
      photooxidation of oxyhemoglobin reduces in the presence of the radioprotective
      agent. The cause of the radioprotective effect is attributed to the formation of
      a serotonin-oxyhemoglobin complex.

PMID- 6838934
TI  - [Experiment with the local effect of superhigh-frequency electromagnetic energy
      on biologically active points].
AB  - The use of microwaves for exciting biologically active points permits one to
      locate release electromagnetic energy in the region of the points. A 2375 field
      of the intensity that is sufficient for warning the tissues of the biologically
      active point causes the reflective changes in the somatic and vegetative indices
      in animals. The changes founded in the experiment are not strong and reversible.

PMID- 6838935
TI  - [Effect of carbon monoxide on the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and their
      oxidation of this substrate].
AB  - The effect of carbon monoxide on the growth of six strains of sulfatee-reducing
      bacteria have been studied as well as the ability of bacterial suspensions and
      extracts to oxidize CO. It was shown that sulfate-reducing bacteria possess a
      comparably high resistance to carbon monoxide. There are difference in the
      sensitivity of certain species and strains of sulphat-reducing bacteria to the
      content of CO in the gas phase. The cell suspensions and extracts are capable of
      oxidizing 100% CO in gaseous phase. The rate of carbon monoxide oxidation by
      extracts is much higher than by suspensions.

PMID- 6838936
TI  - [Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in the cells of
      Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma under anaerobic conditions].
AB  - It is shown that 2,4-DNP (20 mkM to 1 mM) selectively inhibited RNA synthesis in
      Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells both in aerobic and in anaerobic conditions in
      equal extent. It is supposed that the inhibitory action of DNP is not associated
      with its influence on oxidative phosphorylation and intracellular ATP
      concentration, but may be accounted for cell reaction to non-specific actions.

PMID- 6838937
TI  - [Hemispheric asymmetry of the space-motion component of a food-conditioned motor
      reflex].
AB  - The preference of movement direction in the process of motor food conditioned
      reaction has been investigated in rats with intact brain and after unilateral
      cortical inactivation. It was shown that the degree of motorspatial preference
      diminished with the maturation of reaction. At the high level of differentiation
      the valid preference was shown only in 38% of animals investigated but it was
      absent in the rest of animals. After inactivation of right hemisphere cortex left
      side preference occurred in the presence as well as in the absence of the
      original preference. Inactivation of the left hemisphere cortex is less
      significant; it influences the original preference of movement direction
      permanently affecting those animals which normally had evident preference. It is
      concluded that the right hemisphere cortex plays dominant part in both sensor and
      motorspatial components of motor food conditioned reaction. It is supposed that
      the definite relationship exists between the degree of preference of movement
      direction and the functional asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 6838938
TI  - [Age-related changes in the tissue content of total iodine, its hormonal and
      nonhormonal compounds and their metabolic course].
AB  - By the spectrophotometric method the age changes of total iodine content, its
      hormonal and non-hormonal compounds in rats and men tissues (muscles, liver,
      kidney, heart, lungs, brain, spleen and blood) have been studied. It was
      established that the total iodine content decreased at the expense of the protein
      bound iodine concentration and also of the butyl-alcohol extractable iodine. The
      exchange of thyroid hormones intensity lowered.

PMID- 6838940
TI  - Bilateral electrodermal asymmetry in euthymic patients with unipolar and bipolar
      affective disorders.
AB  - Bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) was examined in depressed patients in
      remission. In Study 1, 26 unipolar and 24 bipolar patients were compared to 46
      psychiatrically healthy controls. Subjects were exposed to 17 86-dB pure tones
      while skin conductance was recorded from both hands. In Study 2, which was
      conducted 1 year later, many of these same subjects were recalled to form
      euthymic groups containing 22 unipolar, 22 bipolar, and 26 controls subjects. EDA
      was monitored bilaterally while subjects heard 8 86-dB tones and 12 105-dB tones
      followed by 8 familiar sounds that had a peak intensity of 105-dB. No consistent
      bilateral asymmetries in EDA were observed. Retest reliability coefficients
      indicating the stability of lateral differences over the 1-year period were close
      to zero. The results indicate that bilateral electrodermal asymmetry is not a
      trait characteristic of individuals prone to major affective disorder.

PMID- 6838939
TI  - New brains for old: the waking dream.

PMID- 6838941
TI  - Morphological cerebral asymmetries in autistic children.
AB  - A group of 36 children with infantile autism and various neurological disorders
      matched closely on age, sex, and handedness underwent computerized tomographic
      (CT) scanning of the brain. All CT scans were assessed blindly and independently
      by a neuroradiologist. Two techniques modified from two published CT studies
      concerning cerebral asymmetries were used for measuring frontal and parieto
      occipital asymmetries. The present study found that the CT pattern of cerebral
      asymmetries in autistic children is the same as observed in the neurological
      patients. Contradictory results were noted when the distributions of such
      asymmetries between the present autistic group and normal adults included in two
      previous studies were compared. One of the striking findings in this study is
      that the brains of the present autistic patients seem to be more symmetric than
      those of the normals. This finding, however, is also noted in the present matched
      controls as well as in the dyslexic children previously studied by other
      investigators. Further sophisticated studies are needed to explain the difference
      in the brain morphology between normals and children with a developmental
      disorder or a neurological disorder.

PMID- 6838942
TI  - A lateralized abnormality of auditory evoked potentials in a case of
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 6838944
TI  - Copper and zinc deficiencies in association with depression and neurological
      findings.

PMID- 6838943
TI  - Dexamethasone resistance and cortisol secretion in depressive illness.

PMID- 6838945
TI  - Imminent oocyte exhaustion and reduced follicular recruitment mark the transition
      to acyclicity in aging C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Quantitative cytological analyses of aging C57BL/6J mouse ovaries revealed that
      the populations of primordial and growing follicles were nearly exhausted by 13
      14 months, the average age of ovulatory failure. Anovulatory animals of this age
      had, on the average, half the follicle number of their counterparts which were
      still ovulating. This result suggests that follicular depletion is a factor which
      contributes to the loss of ovarian cyclicity during aging. However, the
      considerable overlap of follicle number between the two groups suggests that
      other, possibly extraovarian, factors also influence the loss of ovulatory
      function. Although the numbers of follicles recruited for growth was much lower
      in ovaries from old cycling animals, the number of ova shed cyclically was
      generally within the range of younger individuals. The observed reduction in
      incidence of morphological atresia among medium-sized follicles may explain how
      ovulatory constancy is maintained virtually throughout the cyclical life of the
      ovary.

PMID- 6838947
TI  - Progesterone administration prolongs the inhibitory effects of hyperprolactinemia
      on luteinizing hormone secretion in acutely ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Several studies have shown that hyperprolactinemia in rats inhibits the post
      gonadectomy rise in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) for a limited period only. In
      intact rats the suppression of plasma LH during hyperprolactinemia is more
      prolonged. In the present study we have examined the possibility that the
      elevated levels of progesterone brought about by the raised plasma prolactin
      levels in intact rats are involved in the maintenance of LH inhibition. We have
      observed the effect of exogenous progesterone administration during the early
      post-ovariectomy period on plasma LH levels in female rats made
      hyperprolactinemic by administration of the dopamine antagonist, domperidone.
      Following ovariectomy of virgin, female rats, plasma LH was determined on each
      day from Day 3 to Day 10 after ovariectomy. In control rats plasma LH had
      increased by approximately 5-fold during the period of the experiment. In control
      rats treated with progesterone the rise in plasma LH was inhibited temporarily
      but LH had increased to similar levels to the controls by Day 10. In
      hyperprolactinemic rats LH was suppressed until Day 7, after which significant
      rises were observed. However, in hyperprolactinemic rats treated with
      progesterone, LH did not rise in a similar fashion, and remained low throughout
      the experiment. We conclude that a combination of hyperprolactinemia and raised
      plasma progesterone concentrations is necessary for the continued inhibition of
      LH release after ovariectomy.

PMID- 6838948
TI  - Ovarian aromatase activity in granulosa and theca cells of rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 6838949
TI  - Uptake and retention of sex steroids by the baboon pituitary gland--evidence of
      sexual dimorphism with respect to dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - The localization and identification of the target cells for estradiol (E2) and
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were studied in the pituitary gland of male and female
      baboons (Papio cynocephalus) using autoradiography and autoradiography combined
      with immunocytochemistry. The largest number of cells which sequestered 3H-E2
      were located in the pars distalis of both the males and females.
      Immunocytochemistry revealed that these target cells were predominantly
      gonadotrophs and mammotrophs, albeit a few somatotrophs and thyrotrophs were also
      labeled. A distinct sexual dimorphism was not observed with respect to the uptake
      and retention of the tritiated estrogen but was clearly evident in those animals
      given 3H-DHT. Significantly more cells in all three lobes of the male baboon, the
      partes distalis, intermedia and nervosa, concentrated the radiolabeled androgen
      as compared to that found in the females. Regardless of sex, however, the
      gonadotrophs were the major cell type in the pars distalis which was labeled. A
      small population of mammotrophs, somatotrophs and thyrotrophs also retained 3H
      DHT. In both males and females, the pars nervosa was the portion of the
      hypophysis most sensitive to 3H-DHT. These findings indicate that all three lobes
      of the hypophysis of the male and female baboon contain target cells for E2 and
      DHT and that the propensity for DHT uptake is greater in males than in females.

PMID- 6838950
TI  - Effect of histamine and histamine blockers on the ovulatory process in the vitro
      perfused rabbit ovary.
AB  - An increase in the content of histamine in the ovary following luteinizing
      hormone (LH) release and the inhibition of ovulation in the rabbit by
      antihistamines suggest that histamine may be involved in the ovulatory process.
      The effects of various doses of histamine and antihistamines on ovulation were
      investigated using the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary system. Histamine (100
      ng/ml) added to the perfusate at hourly intervals induced ovulation, although at
      a rate below that observed following human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      administration. Cimetidine (10 micrograms/ml), an H2 blocker, inhibited histamine
      induced ovulation, while the H1 blocker, chlorpheniramine (66.7 micrograms/ml),
      failed to do so. Neither cimetidine nor chlorpheniramine was able to block
      ovulation following hCG (50 IU). In all experimental groups in which histamine
      was used to induce ovulation, both extruded ova and follicular oocytes remained
      in an immature stage and displayed little evidence of degeneration. In contrast,
      a high percentage of ova exposed to hCG were mature. Ovarian edema was increased
      in ovaries in which ovulation occurred, regardless of treatment. A linear
      correlation was noted between ovulatory efficiency and degree of ovarian edema.
      Histamine may be an intermediary in the mechanism of follicular rupture, but does
      not support ovum maturation. However, the inability of H1 and H2 antagonists to
      block hCG-induced ovulation raises questions regarding the role of histamine in
      the physiologic process of ovulation.

PMID- 6838951
TI  - Gene expression during mammalian spermatogenesis. I. Evidence for stage-specific
      synthesis of polypeptides in vivo.
AB  - Following intratesticular injection of [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine, four
      testicular cell types (pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, elongating
      spermatids and residual bodies) were purified from mouse testicular cell
      suspensions by unit gravity sedimentation and equilibrium density gradient
      centrifugation through Percoll. Measurement of the amount of radiolabeled amino
      acid incorporated into protein in the testicular cells revealed that for a
      constant number of cells, pachytene spermatocytes incorporated 5.4 times more
      isotope than round spermatids, which incorporated 2.4 times more isotope than
      elongating spermatids. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the
      polypeptides synthesized in vivo in the four testicular cell types demonstrated
      qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis during spermatogenesis.
      At the level of detection provided by the electrophoretic methods used, pachytene
      spermatocytes and round spermatids synthesized approximately equivalent numbers
      of polypeptides while the number of polypeptides synthesized in elongating
      spermatids and residual bodies was decreased. Quantitative changes for
      polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 16,500 to 82,000 were detected
      during spermatogenesis. For each cell type examined, a minimum of 5% of the
      polypeptides appear to be either unique or greatly enriched. These studies
      indicate that the expression of a sizable number of polypeptides is specific to
      certain stages of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 6838946
TI  - Characterization of an estrogen receptor in the testis of the urodele amphibian
      Necturus maculosus.

PMID- 6838952
TI  - Luteal contribution to the termination of preimplantation delay in mink.
AB  - Five groups of mink were mated once between March 17-19 (Day O), Group 1,
      designated intact controls, received no further treatment. The remaining four
      groups of mink underwent unilateral ovariectomy on the day following mating. At
      that time, preovulatory follicles were transplanted to the ipsilateral kidney
      capsule of two groups (3 and 5) to become ectopic corpora lutea (CL). The second
      ovary was removed from all of the animals in Groups 2-5 on Day 8 after mating. At
      that time animals in Groups 4 (ovariectomized) and 5 (ovariectomized + ectopic
      CL) received 1-g Silastic implants releasing progesterone. Similar Silastic
      implants without progesterone were administered to Groups 2 (ovariectomized only)
      and 3 (ovariectomized + ectopic CL). Blood samples were taken for progesterone
      analysis and laparotomies performed on all mink through Day 44 of the experiment.
      Embryos implanted in all (7/7) of the animals in Group 1 (intact controls) at an
      average of 23.7 days after mating. In Group 5 (ectopic CL + progesterone implant)
      6/8 mink were found to have embryos which were calculated to have implanted at an
      average of 36.3 days after mating. No embryo implantation occurred in Groups 2, 3
      and 4 although some unattached blastocysts were recovered from the uteri of the
      latter two groups. Progesterone was elevated by implants to levels typical of
      mink gestation. Ectopic corpora lutea further increased progesterone levels in
      the presence of a progesterone-releasing Silastic implant. The results
      demonstrate the absolute necessity of the ovary for embryo implantation in mink.
      Further, the hormonal requirements for implantation consist of progesterone as
      well as some other factor or factors of luteal origin.

PMID- 6838953
TI  - On the mechanism of enhanced thromboresistance of polymeric materials in the
      presence of heparin.
AB  - Polymeric materials with covalently immobilized heparin were shown to display
      enhanced thromboresistance in vitro and in vivo experiments. This property of
      heparin-containing polymers is due to the specific effect of immobilized heparin
      for every step of interaction of a polymer with blood. The presence of heparin
      substantially changes the character of adsorbed proteins on a polymer surface and
      the number of adhered platelets. Thromboresistance enhancement is largely carried
      out by the interaction of immobilized heparin with plasma proteins which is
      accompanied by the decrease in total blood coagulant activity, by the decrease in
      fibrinogen, prothrombin and thrombin concentrations, and by the supression of
      fibrinstabilizing factor activity. The free heparin content in blood is not
      changed. It was found that immobilized heparin forms complexes with fibrinogen,
      thrombin and plasmin that produce lytic action on unstabilized fibrin.

PMID- 6838954
TI  - Dental polyelectrolyte cements: II: effect of powder/liquid ratio on their
      rheology.
AB  - The rheological behaviour during the setting of a range of zinc polycarboxylate
      and glass ionomer dental cements has been studied. The influence of the
      powder/liquid ratio was found to alter the rate of reaction without altering the
      basic form of the kinetics. Two models were advanced to explain the rheological
      and chemical differences between the two types of polyelectrolyte cement. The
      setting of the glass ionomer cements was consistent with the development of a
      homogeneous polymer network whereas the zinc polycarboxylate cements were viewed
      as setting by an inhomogeneous core-growth reaction.

PMID- 6838955
TI  - Osseointegrated titanium fixtures in the treatment of edentulousness.
AB  - A 91 per cent positive 5-9 year result has been reported when using titanium
      implants and gold bridges to restore edentulous jaws. About 400 consecutive
      patients have been operated. The reasons for the good results are believed to
      depend on the anchorage of the implants in the living bone without interposing
      soft tissue layers. Repeated X-rays ensuring a strict parallelism are used to
      indicate direct bone integration. Some implants had to be removed in spite of
      still being anchored in the bone. In these cases SEM and TEM provided direct
      evidence of an osseointegration.

PMID- 6838956
TI  - Use of magnetic emulsion as a novel drug carrier for chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - Magnetic guidance of magnetic emulsion for site specific delivery was
      investigated in vitro and in vivo. The magnetic emulsion was characterized in
      vitro for its magnetic responsiveness using a constant flow apparatus, and its
      high retention by magnetic field was confirmed. After intravenous injection in
      rat, magnetic emulsions were localized to the predetermined site (lungs) by
      application of an electromagnet to the lungs. Similarly, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      (trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (methyl-CCNU) contained in the dispersed
      oily phase of the emulsions, was also concentrated at the target-site. Such
      preferential localization by magnetic means suggested that magnetic emulsions
      could become effective drug carriers with site specificity for the delivery of
      chemotherapeutic agents in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 6838957
TI  - Release of an anti-inflammatory drug from some dental cements.

PMID- 6838958
TI  - Directly bone-anchored implants for fixation of aural epistheses.
AB  - In cases of missing outer ears, generally, epistheses are attached to eye-glasses
      which gives insecure attachment and a fairly poor cosmetic result. A new method
      for stable episthesis attachment is being tested in Gothenburg, Sweden. Threaded,
      cylindrical titanium implants are inserted with a meticulous technique in the
      temporal bone of the patient. At the next stage, 3-4 months later, the implants
      are connected to abutments which are allowed to penetrate the skin. To these
      abutments a silicone episthesis is attached. Presently, 7 patients who had no
      outer ear because of congenital disorders, hereditary diseases or status post
      trauma or tumour surgery have been operated and followed for up to 3 1/2 years.
      There have been no problems reported with the bone anchorage or the skin
      penetration.

PMID- 6838960
TI  - [Fluid events and mechanical stress of the arterial wall in pulsating blood
      flow].

PMID- 6838959
TI  - Tensile and shear adhesion of amalgam to tooth structure using selective
      interfacial amalgamation.

PMID- 6838961
TI  - [Experimental determination of the influence of roadway surfaces and obstacles on
      wheelchair stress].

PMID- 6838962
TI  - Photon correlation spectroscopy of bilayer lipid membranes.
AB  - Light scattering by thermal fluctuations on simple monoglyceride bilayer
      membranes has been used to investigate the viscoelastic properties of these
      structures. Spectroscopic analysis of these fluctuations (capillary waves)
      permits the nonperturbative measurement of the interfacial tension and a shear
      interfacial viscosity acting normal to the membrane plane. The methods were
      established by studies of solvent and nonsolvent bilayers of glycerol monooleate
      (GMO). Changes in the tension of GMO/n-decane membranes induced by altering the
      composition of the parent solution were detected and quantified. In a test of the
      reliability of the technique controlled variations of the viscosity of the
      aqueous bathing solution were accurately monitored. The technique was applied to
      solvent-free bilayers formed from dispersions of GMO in squalane. The lower
      tensions observed attested to the comparative absence of solvent in such
      bilayers. In contrast to the solvent case, the solvent-free membranes exhibited a
      significant transverse shear viscosity, indicative of the enhanced intermolecular
      interactions within the bilayer.

PMID- 6838963
TI  - Cholesterol-induced effects on the viscoelasticity of monoglyceride bilayers.
AB  - Changes in the viscoelastic properties of glycerol monooleate bilayers resulting
      from the incorporation of cholesterol into the membranes have been measured. The
      interface tension increases with the cholesterol concentration, reaching
      saturation for a 4.2:1 mole ratio of cholesterol:lipid in the film-forming
      solution. Incorporation of cholesterol in the membrane causes the appearance of a
      large intrinsic viscosity; this also increases with the sterol content of the
      membrane. Molecular models of lipid-sterol interactions and packing are
      considered to explain both the observed changes in membrane properties and
      similarities with comparable lipid systems.

PMID- 6838964
TI  - Combined effect of restricted rotational diffusion plus jumps on nuclear magnetic
      resonance and fluorescence probes of aromatic ring motions in proteins.
AB  - A simple model is presented for the motion of phenylalanine and tyrosine rings in
      proteins. The model consists of restricted rotational diffusion of the rings
      about the side chain C alpha--C beta (chi 1) and C beta--C gamma (chi 2) axes
      combined with 180 degree ring flips. The model is used to evaluate order
      parameters for nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation and fluorescence
      depolarization probes of aromatic ring motions in proteins. The dependence of the
      order parameters on orientation in the ring plane is examined and it is
      demonstrated that in the presence of ring flips, additional ring librations can
      have a large effect on the probe order parameters.

PMID- 6838965
TI  - Charge movement in a fast twitch skeletal muscle from rat.
AB  - Voltage-dependent charge movement in the rat omohyoid muscle was investigated
      using the three microelectrode voltage clamp technique. The charge that moved
      during a depolarization from the holding potential (-90 mV) to the test
      potential, V, increased with increasing V, saturating around 0 mV. The charge vs.
      voltage relationship was well fitted by Q = Q(max)/{1 + exp[-(V - V)/k]}, with
      Q(max) = 28.5 nC/muF, V = -34.2 mV, and k = 8.7 mV. Repolarization of the fiber
      from the test potential back to the holding potential caused an equal but
      opposite amount of charge to move. The kinetics of ON charge movement could be
      well described by a model developed for frog muscle by Horowicz and Schneider
      (1981b), which suggests that rat and frog charge movements are similar. This
      model failed to describe the kinetics of OFF charge movement for steps in
      potential from 0 mV to test potentials of -10 to -90 mV. OFF-charge movement rose
      to a peak more slowly and decayed more slowly than predicted by the theory.

PMID- 6838966
TI  - Biophysical Society: Program and abstracts, twenty-seventh annual meeting,
      February 13-16, 1983, San Diego, California.

PMID- 6838967
TI  - Tensions and free energies of formation of "solventless" lipid bilayers.
      Measurement of high contact angles.
AB  - A method is described for the accurate measurement of the interfacial tension of
      lipid bilayer membranes containing little or no solvent. The tensions were
      obtained from the interfacial tensions of the equilibrium film-forming solution
      in the Plateau-Gibbs border, measured by conventional techniques, and the contact
      angle between the border and the bilayer. The contact angles in these systems are
      large (greater than 10 degrees) and were estimated by a new method that involved
      the injection of small known volumes of lipid solution into the bilayer so as to
      form a lens. Results have been obtained for monoolein-triolein, monoolein
      squalene, and monoolein-squalene-decane systems. Half bilayer tensions in these
      systems were up to approximately 1 mN m-1 less than the single interface
      tensions. Although bilayer tension tended to increase with bilayer thickness, the
      interdependence of these quantities varied with the alkane solvents present. In
      the monoolein-squalene-decane systems, small concentrations of decane have a
      larger effect on tension than on thickness. Free energies of formation of the
      near-solventless bilayers were much greater than estimated from the simple
      application of Lifshitz theory.

PMID- 6838969
TI  - Theoretical description of release, uptake, and pulse chase of labeled subunits
      of actin or a microtubule that undergoes head-to-tail polymerization.
AB  - The notion of the number of once-visited sites by a one-dimensional random walker
      is used to describe the amount of release, uptake, and pulse chase of labeled
      subunits of actin, or a microtubule that undergoes head-to-tail polymerization or
      treadmilling. Exact formulae for any number of steps are given as well as all the
      possible asymptotic forms of these quantities. Numerical calculations are carried
      out using hypothetical and experimentally measured values of rate constants.

PMID- 6838968
TI  - Lateral forces in the filament lattice of vertebrate striated muscle in the rigor
      state.
AB  - The repulsive pressure between filaments in the lattice of skinned rabbit and
      frog striated muscle in rigor has been measured as a function of interfilament
      spacing, using the osmotic pressure generated by solutions of large, uncharged
      polymeric molecules (dextran and polyvinylpyrrolidone). The pressure/spacing
      measurements have been compared with theoretically derived curves for
      electrostatic pressure. In both muscles, the major part of the experimental
      curves (100-2,000 torr) lies in the same region as the electrostatic pressure
      curves, providing that a thick filament charge diameter of approximately 30 nm in
      rabbit and approximately 26 nm in frog is assumed. In chemically skinned or
      glycerol-extracted rabbit muscle the fit is good; in chemically skinned frog
      sartorius and semitendinosus muscle the fit is poor, particularly at lower
      pressures where a greater spacing is observed than expected on theoretical
      grounds. The charge diameter is much larger than the generally accepted value for
      thick filament backbone diameter. This may be because electron microscope results
      have underestimated the amount of filament shrinkage during sample preparation,
      or because most of the filament charge is located at some distance from the
      backbone surface, e.g., on HMM-S2. Decreasing the ionic strength of the external
      solution, changing the pH, and varying the sarcomere length all give
      pressure/spacing changes similar to those expected from electrostatic pressure
      calculations. We conclude that over most of the external pressure range studied,
      repulsive pressure in the lattice is predominantly electrostatic.

PMID- 6838970
TI  - Anomalous x-ray scattering from terbium-labeled parvalbumin in solution.
AB  - We have used anomalous small-angle x-ray scattering as a structural probe for
      solutions of rabbit parvalbumin labeled with terbium. This technique makes use of
      the large changes in the terbium scattering factor that occur when the x-ray
      energy is tuned around an L3 absorption edge of this heavy-atom label. These
      changes in scattering result in changes in the small-angle scattering curve of
      the labeled protein as a whole, which can then be analyzed to derive structural
      information concerning the distribution of labels in the protein. Based on a
      Gaussian model for the protein electron density, the mean distance from the
      terbiums to the protein center of mass is determined to be 13.2 A and is
      consistent with crystallographic results. Our results demonstrate the usefulness
      of terbium as an anomalous scattering label and provide criteria to help
      establish anomalous scattering as a reliable structural technique for proteins in
      solution.

PMID- 6838971
TI  - Intermolecular potentials for alpha-glycine from Raman and infrared scattering
      measurements.
AB  - The frequencies of intermolecular modes in alpha-glycine-d0 and -d5 have been
      measured at 300 and 85 K by Raman and infrared scattering techniques. These
      frequencies were analyzed in terms of simple analytic interatomic potentials.
      Buckingham potentials were assumed for the nonbonded and hydrogen-bond
      interactions, and Coulomb and screened Coulomb potentials were assumed for the
      electrostatic interactions. The observed frequencies are well described by the
      simple model and the parameters of the hydrogen-bond potentials and the molecular
      charge distribution were determined from the analysis.

PMID- 6838972
TI  - Variation of intracellular Ca2+ following Ca2+ current in heart. A theoretical
      study of ionic diffusion inside a cylindrical cell.
AB  - The variation in the concentration of a diffusing substance inside a cylindrical
      cell submitted to a time-dependent flux at the sarcolemmal membrane was studied
      theoretically. An application was derived to estimate the local modifications of
      intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([CA2+]i) induced by the slow inward Ca2+
      current (ICa) in frog heart. During a O mV voltage clamp depolarization, [Ca2+]i
      at the inner side of the membrane rises earlier and faster than [Ca2+]i at the
      center of the cell. The binding of intracellular Ca2+ to specific sites enhances
      the deviation between the two concentrations and may generate an accumulation
      depletion process of Ca2+ near the membrane. However, it also decreases the
      overall [Ca2+]i. The relatively slow diffusion of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ does not
      significantly affect the kinetics of ICa through a modification in the Ca2+
      gradient across the membrane.

PMID- 6838973
TI  - Resonance Raman studies of Co-O2 and O-O stretching vibrations in oxy-cobalt
      hemes.
AB  - Strong evidence suggests that the stretching vibration of the bound oxygen can be
      perturbed by an accidentally degenerate porphyrin ring mode, resulting in two
      split frequencies. In the Co(II)(TpivPP) (pyridine) (18)O(2) complex, we
      demonstrate that the nu((18)O-(18)O) mode, after being shifted from its nu((16)O
      (16)O) value at 1,156 cm(-1), undergoes a resonance interaction with the 1,080
      cm(-1) porphyrin mode, giving rise to two lines at 1,067 and 1,089 cm(-1). In the
      O(2) complex of Co(II) mesoporphyrin IX-substituted sperm whale myoglobin, we
      observed a dramatic intensity increase at 1,132 cm(-1) upon (16)O(2) --> (18)O(2)
      substitution, which is due to the reappearance of the 1,132-cm(-1) porphyrin mode
      after the removal of resonance conditions. A decrease in O(2) binding affinity,
      caused by the proximal base tension, corresponds to an increase in the Co-O(2)
      stretching frequency. The nu(Co-O(2)) at 527 cm(-1) for the low affinity
      Co(II)(TpivPP)(1,2-Me(2)Im) O(2) complex is 11 cm(-1) higher than the 516-cm(-1)
      value for the high affinity complex (with N-MeIm replacing 1,2-Me(2)Im). However,
      in the corresponding iron complexes the reverse behavior is observed, i.e., the
      nu(Fe-O(2)) decreases for the (1,2-Me(2)Im) complex. There is a 24-cm(-1)
      difference in the Co-O(2) stretching frequencies between Co(II)(TpivPP)(N
      MeIm)O(2) (at 516 cm(-1)) and oxy meso CoMb (at 540 cm(-1)), suggesting a protein
      induced distortion of the Co-O-O linkage. However, the values for nu(Fe-O(2)) are
      nearly identical between Fe(II)(TpivPP)(N-MeIm)O(2) (at 571 cm(-1)) and oxy Mb
      (at 573 cm(-1)), indicating that O(2) binds to myoglobin in the same manner as in
      the sterically unhindered "picket fence" complex. Evidence is presented that
      suggests the presence of two dioxygen stretching frequencies due to two different
      conformers in each of the N-MeIm and 1,2-Me(2)Im complex of oxy Co(II)(TpivPP).

PMID- 6838974
TI  - Evidence of inherent spontaneous polarization in the metazoan integument
      epithelia.
AB  - The live integument epithelia of the metazoa have an inherent spontaneous
      polarization (an inherent permanent electric dipole moment) of corresponding
      direction perpendicular to the integument surface. The existence of the inherent
      polarization was proved by their temperature dependence, i.e., by the
      pyroelectric (PE) effect. Quantitative PE measurements were carried out on a
      number of integument epithelia of vertebrates (a) in vivo, (b) on fresh epidermis
      preparations, and (c) on dead, air-dried epidermis specimens of the same species.
      The demonstrated spontaneous polarization is not dependent on the living state
      and not caused by a potential difference between the outer and inner integument
      surface. Dead, dry epidermis samples (potential difference less than 0.01 mV) as
      well as dead, dry integument appendages (bristles, hairs), and dead cuticles (of
      arthropoda, annelida, nematoda) showed an inherent dipole moment of the same
      orientation as the live epidermis. The findings reveal a relationship between the
      direction (vector) of inherent spontaneous polarization and that of growth
      (morphogenesis) in the animal epidermis, their appendages, and cuticles. We
      conclude (a) that the inherent spontaneous polarization is present in live
      individual epithelial cells of the metazoan integument, and (b) that this
      physical property is related to the structural and functional cell polarity of
      integument epithelia and possibly of other epithelia.

PMID- 6838975
TI  - Cytosol-membrane interface of human erythrocytes. A resonance energy transfer
      study.
AB  - The resonance energy transfer from donors embedded in the membrane of
      erythrocytes to the cytosol hemoglobin has been measured by comparing the donors'
      fluorescence decay in ghosts and in intact cells. A series of n - (9-anthroyloxy)
      stearic acids (n-AS) (n = 2, 6, 9, 12) and similar probes were used as donors,
      and their locations within the outer leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer were
      determined from their average efficiency of energy transfer, <T>. The energy
      transfer data for several membrane probes were analyzed according to a simple
      semiempirical model, in which the heme acceptors are assumed to form a
      semiinfinite continuum beyond a plane, whose normal distance (d) from particular
      donors may be determined if the heme density in the cytosol boundary layer is
      known. The hemoglobin concentration in the erythrocytes was varied by suspending
      the cells in buffers of different ionic strengths. This made it possible to study
      the ionic strength dependence of the heme concentration averaged over the cell
      (h(c)), as well as that in the boundary layer (h(b)). Both level off above
      approximately 600 mosM, as does the ratio h(b)/h(c). By using the maximum heme
      concentration that can be obtained in osmotically shrunken cells as a limiting
      value, h(b) is estimated to be 17 mM or less, under physiological conditions; and
      from the measured <T> for various probes, the distance d was found to range from
      40 A for 2-AS to 31 A for 12-AS and 26 A for 9-vinyl anthracene (9-VA). It is
      concluded that the hydrophobic probe 9-VA is located near the center of the
      phospholipid bilayer and that the cytosol hemoglobin is in contact with the inner
      membrane surface, or nearly so. This conclusion is valid for oxy- and deoxy
      hemoglobin, and is shown to be independent of several systematic errors that
      might arise from the simple assumptions of the model used. The steady-state
      fluorescence anisotropy of the probes was found to decrease as they approach the
      bilayer's central plane. The methodology developed here may be used to extend
      studies of cytosol membrane interactions in ghost systems to intact cells, and is
      useful in the investigation of the morphology of normal and pathological intact
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 6838976
TI  - The molecular mechanism of action of the proton ionophore FCCP (carbonylcyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone).
AB  - We propose a simple model that accounts for the ability of the weak acid FCCP
      (Carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) to both transport protons
      across phospholipid bilayer membranes and uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation
      in mitochondria. Four parameters are required to characterize this model: the
      rate constant for the movement of A- across the membrane, kA, the rate constant
      for the movement of HA across the membrane, kHA, the adsorption coefficient of A-
      onto the membrane-solution interface, beta A, and the surface pK. These four
      parameters were determined from kinetic measurements on planar bilayer membranes
      using the charge-pulse and voltage-clamp techniques. We confirmed the adequacy of
      the model by determining each of these parameters independently, utilizing
      equilibrium dialysis, zeta potential, membrane potential, spectrophotometric, and
      conductance measurements. For a phosphatidylethanolamine bilayer the values of
      the parameters are kHA = 10(4)S-1, beta A = 3 10(-3) cm, and 6.0 less than pK
      less than 6.4. As predicted theoretically, the value of KA depends on both the
      applied voltage, V, and dielectric constant of the membrane, epsilon r; when V
      approaches zero and the membrane contains chlorodecane (epsilon r congruent to
      2.7) kA = 700 s-1. If oxidation is coupled to phosphorylation by means of a delta
      microH+, and V er congruent to 2.7 for the inner membrane of the mitochondrion,
      the model predicts that FCCP should exert maximal uncoupling activity at a pH
      congruent to  pK. This prediction agrees with the published experimental results.

PMID- 6838979
TI  - Motility of mouse fibroblasts in tissue culture.
AB  - The growth and motion of mouse L-cells in vitro have been studied by means of
      time-lapse photography. In particular, the mitotic period and the motility,
      defined in terms of [R2], the mean square displacement of an ensemble of cells,
      have been measured as a function of temperature. The motility is a function of
      the phase of the cell cycle. For approximately the first one-eighth of the
      mitotic period the motility is well described as a random walk with persistence,
      the duration of the persistence being determined by the time of extension of the
      filopodic spindle. The temperature dependence of the diffusion constant follows
      the Arrhenius factor. The mitotic period, which varies exponentially as (1/T),
      exhibits a large variance, and the time difference in replication of daughter
      pairs follows approximately a Poisson distribution with a mean difference of 138
      min at T = 37 degrees C. There is no evidence of mirror symmetry in the motion of
      daughter pairs for fibroblast cells plated in vitro in Corning tissue culture
      flasks.

PMID- 6838977
TI  - Simple computer method for evaluation of lateral diffusion coefficients from
      fluorescence photobleaching recovery kinetics.
AB  - A method is presented for the analysis of fluorescence photobleaching recovery
      curves. Based on the simplified kinetic expression of Yguerabide, J., J.A.
      Schmidt, and E.E. Yguerabide (1982, Biophys. J., 40:69-75), a linearization
      procedure is described that permits unequivocal determination of all diffusion
      parameters. The presence of additional membrane flow or multiple diffusion
      coefficients can easily be detected by this method, and simple corrections for
      the presence of these alternative recovery processes can be made by the use of a
      regular mini-computer. The validity of the method is tested on simulated recovery
      curves, varying the contribution of flow, multiple diffusion coefficients, and
      statistical noise due to counting error.

PMID- 6838978
TI  - Sinusoidal voltage clamp of the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
AB  - A voltage clamp consisting of a sinusoidal voltage of amplitude V1 and frequency
      f, superimposed on a steady voltage level V0, is applied to the Hodgkin-Huxley
      model of the squid giant axon membrane. The steady-state response is a current
      composed of sinusoidal components of frequencies O, f, 2f, 3f,... The frequencies
      greater than f arise from the nonlinearity of the membrane. The total current is
      described by a power series in V1; each coefficient of this series is composed of
      current components for one or more frequencies. For different frequencies one can
      derive higher-order generalized admittances characterizing the nonlinear as well
      as the linear properties of the membrane. Formulas for the generalized
      admittances are derived from the Hodgkin-Huxley equations for frequencies up to
      3f, using a perturbation technique. Some of the resulting theoretical curves are
      compared with experimental results, with good qualitative agreement.

PMID- 6838980
TI  - Capture of spatially homogeneous chemical reactions in tissue by freezing.
AB  - A useful technique in studying the saturation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes or
      myoglobin in tissue is cryophotometry, in which tissue is frozen for later
      spectrophotometric analysis. A general question associated with this technique is
      whether the freezing process alters the chemical state. This paper presents a
      theoretical analysis of the simplest model relevant to that question. We study
      the effect of rapid cooling on a spatially homogeneous chemical reaction. The
      analysis shows that changes during freezing are negligible near the boundary to
      which the heat sink is applied, but can be significant deeper in the sample. The
      distance from the boundary at which the changes during freezing become
      appreciable can be expressed simply in terms of the chemical reaction rates and
      the thermal diffusivity of the tissue. Detailed results are given for the case of
      oxygen and myoglobin in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 6838981
TI  - Effect of tortuous extracellular pathways on resistance measurements.
AB  - There are many instances in which we are limited to measuring macroscopic
      quantities such as a bulk flow or an average field. In biology, wer are
      frequently interested in using such macroscopic measurements, for example, the
      total current from a tissue, to determine the microscopic properties of the cells
      or tubules of the tissue. The microstructure of the tissue will generally
      increase the resistance to flow over what would be measured in an unstructured
      medium. This paper derives a fairly general expression for the relationship
      between effective resistance to macroscopic flow and the specific resistance of
      the medium conducting the microscopic flow. This expression, called a tortuosity
      factor, is defined entirely in terms of measurable morphometric and geometric
      parameters of the tissue.

PMID- 6838982
TI  - Energy storage in the primary step of the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - A pulsed-dye laser low temperature photocalorimeter is used to study the enthalpy
      differences between light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bR568) and its primary
      photoproduct (K) at 77 K. A key feature of our experimental method is the use of
      the laser-induced photostationary state as an internal reference. Analyses of the
      forward (bR leads to K), reverse (K leads to bR), and mixed (bR in equilibrium K)
      photoreactions were carried out to measure delta H12 = EK - EbR. All three
      experiments yielded identical values of delta H12 within experimental error
      (delta Have12 = 15.8 +/- 2.5 kcal mol-1). Accordingly, the primary event in the
      photocycle of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin stores approximately 30% of the
      absorbed photon energy at the 568-nm absorption maximum. We observe that the
      quantum yields phi f1(bR leads to K) and phi r2(K leads to bR) add up to unity
      within experimental error: phi f1 + phi r2 = 1.02 +/- 0.19 for phi f1 in the
      range 0.28-0.33. A theoretical analysis of energy storage in K suggests that at
      least one-half of the enthalpy difference between K and bR is associated with
      charge separation accompanying chromophore isomerization.

PMID- 6838983
TI  - Alamethicin-induced current-voltage curve asymmetry in lipid bilayers.
AB  - We have examined the causes of the asymmetry of the current-voltage curve induced
      by addition of alamethicin to one side of a black lipid membrane. We find that
      the alamethicin-induced current-voltage (I-V) curve has an inherent asymmetry. If
      it were possible to confine all alamethicin molecules to one side of the
      membrane, the I-V curve would exhibit a positive branch (voltage being measured
      with respect to the side of the membrane trans to the alamethicin addition) of
      steeper logarithmic slope than the negative branch and at a lower absolute value
      of potential. This condition is not usually realized, however, because
      alamethicin can leak through the membrane, so that, except at very high
      alamethicin concentrations and in certain kinds of membranes, the positive branch
      of the current-voltage curve has the same logarithmic slope as the negative
      branch and appears to arise from alamethicin which diffuses from the cis to the
      trans side of the membrane. We develop simple quantitative models for these two
      cases.

PMID- 6838984
TI  - Force relaxation and permanent deformation of erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - Force relaxation and permanent deformation processes in erythrocyte membrane were
      investigated with two techniques: micropipette aspiration of a portion of a
      flaccid cell, and extension of a whole cell between two micropipettes. In both
      experiments, at surface extension ratios less than 3:1, the extent of residual
      membrane deformation is negligible when the time of extension is less than
      several minutes. However, extensions maintained longer result in significant
      force relaxation and permanent deformation. The magnitude of the permanent
      deformation is proportional to the total time period of extension and the level
      of the applied force. Based on these observations, a nonlinear constitutive
      relation for surface deformation is postulated that serially couples a
      hyperelastic membrane component to a linear viscous process. In contrast with the
      viscous dissipation of energy as heat that occurs in rapid extension of a
      viscoelastic solid, or in plastic flow of a material above yield, the viscous
      process in this case represents dissipation produced by permanent molecular
      reorganization through relaxation of structural membrane components. Data from
      these experiments determine a characteristic time constant for force relaxation,
      tau, which is the ratio of a surface viscosity, eta to the elastic shear modulus,
      mu. Because it was found that the concentration of albumin in the cell suspension
      strongly mediates the rate of force relaxation, values for tau of 10.1, 40.0,
      62.8, and 120.7 min are measured at albumin concentrations of 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, and
      1.% by weight in grams, respectively. The surface viscosity, eta, is calculated
      from the product of tau and mu. For albumin concentrations of 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, and
      1% by weight in grams, eta is equal to 3.6, 14.8, 25.6, and 51.9 dyn s/cm,
      respectively.

PMID- 6838985
TI  - Thermal effects of laser radiation in biological tissue.
AB  - A theoretical model is presented that simulates the thermal effects of laser
      radiation incident on biological tissue. The multiple scattering and absorption
      of the laser beam and the thermal diffusion process in the tissue are evaluated
      by a numerical technique that is well suited for microcomputers. Results are
      compared with recent empirical observations.

PMID- 6838986
TI  - Elastic properties of bacterial flagellar filaments. I. Free rotation case.

PMID- 6838987
TI  - Effects of neutral salts on the circular dichroism spectra of ribonuclease A and
      ribonuclease S.
AB  - The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of ribonuclease A, ribonuclease S, and N
      acetyltyrosineamide were recorded as a function of pH in the presence of various
      concentrations of inorganic salts. Above pH 9.0 salting-in of tyrosine residues
      increases their intramolecular associations. This association enhances the
      contribution from these residues to the CD spectrum leading to an apparent
      titration curve that is shifted toward lower pH. The data indicate that unfolding
      of ribonuclease A and S by inorganic salts does not begin with disrupting
      existing electrostatic interactions. But, as the unfolding process progresses,
      disruption of electrostatic interactions may take place. This is consistent with
      our previous calorimetric studies which suggest that unfolding of ribonuclease A
      by salts proceeds initially by energetically favorable solvation of the folded
      protein. An increase in ellipiticity at 275 nm of partially unfolded protein in
      salt was observed as the pH was changed from 7.0 to 4.0. This observation may
      suggest that the isothermal unfolding of the protein by salts at low pH proceeds
      through an intermediate step which involves histidine residues and causes a
      conformational change in the tyrosine's asymmetric environment.

PMID- 6838988
TI  - A simplified approach to resonance energy transfer in membranes, lipoproteins and
      spatially restricted systems.
AB  - A general model is developed to simulate dipole-dipole resonance energy transfer
      in spatially restricted systems. At low concentrations of acceptor molecule, the
      overall quantum yield of a donor population can be defined quantitatively in
      terms of transfer to multiple defined acceptor regions. Energy transfer at higher
      acceptor concentrations can be approximated by assuming an exponential dependence
      of relative quantum yield on the acceptor concentrations. Through geometrical
      manipulations, this algorithm has been applied using an electronic calculator to
      systems in which donor-acceptor interaction is limited by unique steric
      restriction on donor and acceptor distribution within lipid aggregates. The
      systems that have been analyzed include monomolecular films, bilayer membranes,
      small discoidal lipid-protein complexes and plasma lipoproteins. The observed
      energy transfer from N-(2-naphthyl)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amide-3 beta-ol to N
      dansyldimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine in a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      bilayer agrees with that predicted by this model.

PMID- 6838989
TI  - Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiment on association of isolated
      alpha- and beta-chains of human hemoglobin.
AB  - The time course of the recombination of hemoglobin from isolated alpha- and beta
      chains (human) was studied by following the change in small-angle scattering from
      a reaction mixture using synchrotron radiation. The scattering patterns were
      recorded successively within 51 s at intervals of 200 ms. The results suggest
      that when 2 mM solutions of CO-liganded alpha- and beta-chains are mixed in
      stoichiometric amounts at pH 7.4, the tetramerization process is a pseudo-first
      order reaction with a rate constant of 0.059 s-1, i.e., a half-time of approx. 12
      s.

PMID- 6838990
TI  - On the transport noise of hydrophobic ions in lipid bilayer membranes.

PMID- 6838991
TI  - Viscosity scaling and protein dynamics.
AB  - The rates of molecular motions in the interior of some proteins were found to
      scale with an inverse power of the external solvent viscosity. The data were
      explained by a flexible protein structure whose dynamics is partially controlled
      by the solvent. Reaction dynamics in the presence of structural fluctuations with
      finite lifetimes lead to a dynamic friction coefficient defined by a generalized
      Langevin equation and a fluctuation-dissipation theorem. A model for the dynamic
      friction is derived assuming that the fluctuation spectrum at the reaction site
      involves two components: solvent-independent diffusion of local structural
      defects in the protein matrix and global fluctuations coupled to the solvent. The
      theory is applied to the viscosity dependence of molecular oxygen-binding rates
      in sperm whale myoglobin.

PMID- 6838992
TI  - Poly(2-aminodeoxyadenylic acid): circular dichroism and thermal stability of its
      complexes and their relevance to phage DNA in which a is replaced by 2NH2A.

PMID- 6838993
TI  - Effects of Ag+ and Hg2+ on the structure of DNA in solution studied by flow
      linear dichroism.

PMID- 6838994
TI  - Conformation of the central sequence of angiotensin II and analogs.

PMID- 6838996
TI  - Urine profile analysis by field desorption mass spectrometry, a technique for
      detecting metabolites of xenobiotics. Application to 3,5-dinitro-2
      hydroxytoluene.
AB  - A technique for the detection of biotransformation products of xenobiotics in
      crude urine extracts by field desorption mass spectrometric profile analysis is
      described. The method comprises determination of peak profiles of a series of
      blank and test samples using low resolution field desorption mass spectrometry,
      comparison of averaged peak profiles and noise reduction by means of Fisher and
      ratio weighting of peak intensities. Application of the technique to 3,5-dinitro
      2-hydroxytoluene has resulted in the detection of two hitherto unknown
      metabolites in rat urine. By thin-layer co-chromatography, high resolution
      electron impact mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatographic/field desorption
      mass spectrometric analysis they could be identified as 3,5-dinitro-2
      hydroxybenzenemethanol and 3,5-diacetamido-2-hydroxytoluene.

PMID- 6838995
TI  - Breathing and bending fluctuations in DNA modeled by an open-base-pair kink
      coupled to axial compression.

PMID- 6838997
TI  - Identification of fendiline metabolites in human urine.
AB  - After oral application of 14C labelled fendiline, 13 metabolites of this drug
      could be identified in human urine. Only traces of parent fendiline were excreted
      in the urine. The main pathway of metabolism is hydroxylation of phenyl groups
      with subsequent glucuronidation and sulphation. On the other hand, oxidative
      dealkylation occurs with the amino group remaining at the 3,3-diphenylpropyl
      moiety and p-hydroxyacetophenone being formed almost entirely from the 1
      phenylethyl group.

PMID- 6838998
TI  - Profile analysis of volcano field ionization mass spectra of urine from mice with
      sarcoma I transplanted by intraperitoneal inoculation.
AB  - A group of 20 inbred mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with sarcoma I cells.
      Urine specimens were collected before and after inoculation from this group as
      well as from a group of 20 mice for controls. Mass profiles of these groups were
      obtained by volcano field ion mass spectrometry and compared. Significant
      differences in average normalized mass peaks between the two groups after
      inoculations are observed for most of the peaks analysed from mass 84 to 313.
      There is sufficient diagnostic power in the mass profiles to permit unambiguous
      separation of the diseased mice from the healthy ones.

PMID- 6838999
TI  - Some novel observations of a drug (indoprofen)--albumin interaction.
AB  - Indoprofen, a new-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, binds to human serum albumin
      in an endothermic reaction at low degrees of saturation and with an exothermic
      reaction at higher drug to protein ratios. Although indoprofen appears to bind to
      the same primary site as diazepam, dialysis studies show an increased binding of
      both drugs in the presence of the other. This novel observation is probably due
      to the effect of the drugs on the N leads to B conformational change of human
      serum albumin.

PMID- 6839000
TI  - Drug and metabolite concentrations combined in predicting steady-state
      concentrations from test doses.
AB  - The first day test dose versus steady-state relationship for predicting drug
      doses was evaluated for the situation where metabolites are produced. An organ
      clearance model incorporated into a digital computer program simulated drug and
      metabolite disposition. When the terminal elimination rate for metabolite was
      similar to that of its precursor, the drug and metabolite concentrations could be
      summed for use in test dose predictions as the resulting accumulation ratios were
      similar. However, if an active metabolite is eliminated more slowly than its
      precursor, future studies should consider these concentrations separately for
      predictive purposes. The theoretical results agreed with concentration data
      obtained from a study of patients who took imipramine.

PMID- 6839001
TI  - Human platelet response to three salicylate dosage forms.
AB  - Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibition of platelet aggregation as evaluated by
      collagen-induced 14C-serotonin release, has been measured in 12 healthy male
      subjects. Each subject received a single oral dose (650 mg) of enteric-coated ASA
      (ecASA) and compressed ASA tablets (cASA), or ecASA and sodium salicylate (578
      mg) separated by a minimum of 5 weeks. The platelet response was related to
      plasma ASA and salicyclic acid determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
      Both ecASA and cASA inhibited 14C-serotonin release; no significant difference
      was observed in the maximum effect between these two products (p less than 0.05).
      No relationship was found between the maximum observed plasma ASA level and the
      maximum effect. Further, no correlation was found between the maximum inhibition
      of 14C-serotonin release in vivo and the release predicted from in vitro
      experiments wherein the effect was measured after incubating plasma containing
      specified ASA concentrations.

PMID- 6839002
TI  - Studies on aminophylline disposition I. A rapid and sensitive HPLC assay for
      ethylenediamine in plasma and urine.
AB  - A simple and rapid assay for ethylenediamine in plasma and urine is described.
      Ethylenediamine is treated with m-toluoyl chloride, yielding its N,N'-di(m
      toluoyl) derivative, which is extracted into dichloromethane and assayed by
      reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with u.v. detection.
      Quantitation is achieved with reference to the corresponding derivative of
      cadaverine as internal standard. The assay is reproducible, and the lower limit
      of detection is 0.05 microgram ml-1. Calibration curves in plasma and urine are
      linear over the concentration range 0.05-100 micrograms ml-1. The assay has been
      applied to the analysis of ethylenediamine in plasma and urine following the
      administration of aminophylline orally and intravenously to a volunteer.

PMID- 6839003
TI  - Absorption of theophylline from enteric coated and sustained release formulations
      in fasted and non-fasted subjects.
AB  - The influence of prior food ingestion, and also of varying fluid volumes, on
      plasma theophylline levels was examined following single oral doses of two
      sustained-release formulations, Theobid (260 mg) and Theo-Dur (200 mg) and one
      partially enteric-coated formulation, Choledyl (128 mg), to 9 healthy volunteers.
      Prior food ingestion tended to delay the absorption of theophylline from all
      formulations to a small extent. This effect was observed only at early sampling
      times, and plasma drug profiles were similar for all treatments within a
      particular formulation. Theobid and Theo-Dur gave rise to plasma profiles that
      were characteristic of sustained-release formulations, with mean Cmax values of
      5.5-5.7 micrograms ml-1 (Theobid) and 2.8-3.2 micrograms ml-1 (Theo-Dur)
      occurring at 5.8-9.1 h after dosing. Choledyl gave rise to a longer absorption
      lag time than the other formulations but was subsequently absorbed at a faster
      rate yielding mean Cmax values of 3.2-3.5 micrograms ml-1 at 2.8-4.1 h. The
      intersubject variability in theophylline plasma levels, and also in most
      pharmacokinetic parameter values, was generally less following Theo-Dur compared
      to the other formulations.

PMID- 6839004
TI  - Influence of inflammatory disease on the clinical pharmacokinetics of atenolol
      and metoprolol.
AB  - The influence of inflammatory disease on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol and
      metoprolol was investigated after administering single oral 100 mg doses of the
      drugs to six subjects. Each subject had a respiratory tract infection with an
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of over 20 mm in the first hour and a body
      temperature of at least 38.5 degrees. Since the subjects subsequently received
      atenolol and metoprolol when they were healthy, each person acted as his own
      control. Inflammatory disease had no influence on the kinetics of metoprolol. In
      contrast, mean peak plasma levels and AUC for atenolol were significantly lower,
      both by about 40 per cent, during infectious disease compared to the healthy
      state (p less than 0.05), where as renal clearance of atenolol slightly increased
      from 110.8 +/- 14.7 ml min-1 in the healthy state to 128 +/- 21.6 ml min-1, when
      the ESR's were elevated. The elimination half-life of atenolol, about 10 h, was
      not affected by the health status of the subjects. Reduced absorption in the
      gastro-intestinal tract and enhanced elimination of atenolol from plasma might
      account for the decreased AUC and peak plasma levels of the drug during
      inflammatory disease.

PMID- 6839005
TI  - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the blood-to-lymph transfer of cyclosporin A in
      rats.
AB  - The blood-to-lymph transfer kinetics of cyclosporin A (CyA) were investigated in
      thoracic duct cannulated rats after a 3 mg kg-1 i.v. bolus injection of tritium
      labelled drug. Blood CyA concentrations declined bi-exponentially with a terminal
      half-life of 13.1 +/- 1.8 h. The appearance rate of CyA in the lymph was also bi
      phasic, initially rising and then declining in parallel with the concentrations
      of CyA in the blood. A pharmacokinetic model describing the blood-to-lymph
      transfer kinetics of CyA is presented. From the slopes of graphs relating the
      appearance rate of CyA in the lymph to the corresponding midpoint blood drug
      concentration, the estimated blood-to-lymph clearance rate of CyA (ClL)b was
      0.262 +/- 0.132 ml h-1. (ClL)b was positively correlated with the average lymph
      flow rate (QL) but was significantly less than QL. On the other hand, the plasma
      to-lymph clearance rate of CyA (ClL)p of 0.393 +/- 0.198 ml h-1 was positively
      correlated and similar to QL. Lymph concentrations of CyA were approximately 40
      60 per cent of the corresponding blood concentrations. The results of this
      investigation showed the existence of an intervening compartment between the
      blood and lymph fluids which would be consistent with the presence of lymph
      nodes. It was shown that the blood-to-lymph transfer of CyA was dependent on the
      flow rate of the lymph and that CyA appeared to be cleared from the plasma (or
      serum) fraction of the blood.

PMID- 6839006
TI  - Kinetics of cocaine in humans after intravenous and intranasal administration.
AB  - Cocaine kinetics were studied in four subjects after intravenous and intranasal
      administration. For intravenous administration cocaine hydrochloride (32 mg)
      dissolved in physiological saline was injected in 1 ml volume over a 1 min
      period. Intranasal cocaine was administered as 100 mg powder consisting of an
      appropriate dose of cocaine hydrochloride (64 and 96 mg) mixed with lactose
      powder. Subjects were instructed to inhale the mixture through a 5 cm straw
      within 1 min. Cocaine kinetics, after intravenous injection, conform to a one
      compartment open model with first-order elimination. After intranasal
      administration, cocaine kinetics conform to a one-compartment model with first
      order absorption and first-order elimination. The mean half-life of cocaine for
      intravenous injection in four subjects was 41.4 +/- 8.2 min (mean +/- S.E.M.) and
      the range was 19 to 64 min. There were statistically significant differences in
      the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) following intravenous and
      intranasal administration. The AUC was dose-dependent and the fraction of the
      dose absorbed after 64 mg intranasal cocaine was significantly lower than after
      96 mg dose (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 6839007
TI  - Plasma profiles following single, oral, and rectal doses of phenylbutazone in
      healthy volunteers.

PMID- 6839008
TI  - A sensitive spectrophotometric assay for pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complexes.
AB  - The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase can be
      reliably measured by coupling the production of NADH to the reduction of added
      cytochrome c. Maximum activities required the addition of NADH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity prepared from rat heart mitochondria. Compared to other
      spectrophotometric assays this method provides an eight-fold increase in
      sensitivity and is particularly suitable for use with small tissue samples such
      as needle-biopsy samples of human skeletal muscle. Measurements of activities in
      rat tissues showed them to be in the order skeletal muscle less than liver less
      than heart less than or equal to brown adipose tissue. Activities in normal human
      skeletal muscle were similar to those of rat muscle. In the rat tissues specific
      differences were seen in the relative activities of the two complexes and
      cytochrome c oxidase suggesting tissue-specific differences in the activities of
      the dehydrogenases and components of the electron-transport chain.

PMID- 6839009
TI  - Rapid prenatal diagnosis of adenosine deaminase deficiency and other purine
      disorders using foetal blood.

PMID- 6839010
TI  - Lytic effect of heparin on liposomes: possible mechanism of lysis of red blood
      cells by heparin.
AB  - Heparin causes lysis of the multilamellar liposomes of all three charges,
      positive, neutral, and negative, and thus releases the entrapped [3H]glucose or
      chromate. The lytic effect of heparin is also observed in liposomes prepared from
      the lipids extracted from human red blood cells. Heparin is found to interact
      with the phospholipid bilayers, which suggests that the reported lytic effect of
      heparin on the red blood cells may be mediated through the membrane phospholipid
      components of these cells.

PMID- 6839011
TI  - Measurement of rat brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial uncoupling protein by
      radioimmunoassay: increased concentration after cold acclimation.
AB  - A specific antiserum has been raised against the 32 000-mol.wt. uncoupling
      protein from the mitochondria of rat brown adipose tissue and a sensitive
      radioimmunoassay for the protein has been developed. The uncoupling protein is
      present in large amounts in brown adipose tissue; its concentration is increased
      substantially by cold acclimation. The protein has not been detected in the
      liver, heart, or parametrial white adipose tissue of rats.

PMID- 6839012
TI  - Measurements of the free calcium concentration of single quiescent human
      fibroblasts before and after serum addition.
AB  - We have developed the technique for injecting aequorin into cells so that it is
      now possible to measure the free calcium concentration of single mammalian
      somatic cells. Using this method, the free calcium concentration of serum-starved
      quiescent human fibroblasts was determined to be 3.3 x 10(-7) M. After feeding
      the cells with serum a significant increase in free calcium was observed in some
      cells. The exact cause of such an increase is unclear but it may indicate that a
      large increase in free calcium is an important event in the stimulation of cell
      growth.

PMID- 6839013
TI  - Separation of native types I and III collagens and denatured chains by reverse
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple and effective high-performance-liquid-chromatography system has been
      developed for the separation of the native forms of Types I and III collagens.
      This separation is achieved on a commercially available 330-A-pore-size C18
      reverse-phase support using a solvent system consisting of ammonium bicarbonate
      (0.05 M) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.4%) with tetrahydrofuran as the eluting
      solvent. This simple system can also be applied to the separation of mixtures of
      the denatured chains of both collagen types.

PMID- 6839014
TI  - Fetal Pathology. Laboratory manual.

PMID- 6839015
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human coagulation factor V and factor Va.
AB  - BALB/c mice were immunized with human factor V. The immunogen was a mixture of
      procofactor (factor V) and thrombin-activated cofactor (factor Va). Spleen cells
      were obtained from an immunized animal and fused with NS-1 murine myeloma cells.
      Hybrid cell cultures were assayed for the production of antibodies to human
      factor V and factor Va by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Factor V and/or factor
      Va-specific antibodies were detected in 38 of the 96 cultures assayed. The cells
      from 10 of these positive cultures were subcloned by limiting dilution and grown
      as ascites tumors in BALB/c mice. Ascitic fluids were obtained and characterized
      with respect to their binding interaction with human factor V and factor Va.
      Three hybridoma cell lines produce monoclonal antibodies that react equally well
      with factor V and factor Va. Another antibody reacts with both antigens, but the
      reactivity with factor V is better than with factor Va. An additional two
      antibodies react with factor Va better than factor V in the radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). The remaining four antibodies react exclusively with factor V. A
      previously described murine monoclonal antibody to human factor V (alpha HFV-1)
      has been used to study the peptides produced during the thrombin-catalyzed
      activation of human factor V. This antibody binds both factor V and factor Va,
      releases them at high ionic strength, and has an apparent dissociation constant
      for factor Va of 3 x 10(-9)M. When human factor V (mol wt 330,000) is activated
      by thrombin and passed over an alpha HFV-1-Sepharose affinity resin, factor Va
      binds and subsequently can be eluted. The eluate in 1.2 M NaCl contains two
      fragments of apparent mol wt 93,000 and 70,000. EDTA, which inactivates factor
      Va, promotes release of the mol wt 93,000 fragment from factor Va bound to the
      antibody. Subsequent elution with 1.2 M NaCl releases the mol wt 70,000 fragment.
      These observations indicate that human factor Va is a two subunit protein and
      that the epitope for alpha HFV-1 is on the mol wt 70,000 fragment.

PMID- 6839016
TI  - Ex vivo selective isolation of young red blood cells using the IBM-2991 cell
      washer.
AB  - Transfusion-induced hemochromatosis is a major complication in the therapy of
      severe chronic anemia. Improvement of transfused cell survival with a reduction
      in transfusion frequency is one possible approach to this problem. Using
      continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC), young red blood cells (YRBC) with enhanced
      in vivo survival have been isolated, but the expense and donor time required with
      this technique prohibit its widespread use for patient support. We studied the
      use of the IBM 2991 cell washer (CW) to isolate YRBC ex vivo from previously
      collected donor blood. Age-dependent red cell separation could be achieved using
      this instrumentation. Autologous mean red cell half-life (RBC-T50) (n = 9) for
      the younger cell fractions was 43.9 +/- 7.8 days compared to 34.7 +/- 5.8 days
      for the older cell fractions (n = 6, p less than 0.05). Paired measurement of RBC
      T50 for young and old fractions in three donors showed an average survival
      increase of 41% for the YRBC. Adequate quantities of YRBC with enhanced survival
      can be obtained with less cost and less donor stress using the CW system compared
      to CFC. This approach could improve the management of patients with chronic
      transfusion requirements and merits further examination.

PMID- 6839017
TI  - Purification of two heparin-binding proteins from porcine platelets and their
      homology with human secreted platelet proteins.
AB  - Two heparin-neutralizing proteins secreted by thrombin-stimulated platelets were
      purified to homogeneity by means of heparin-agarose affinity chromatography.
      These proteins, termed porcine platelet basic protein (PBP) and porcine platelet
      factor 4 (PF4), were eluted from a heparin-agarose column at 0.6-0.9 M NaCl and
      at 1-1.4 M NaCl, respectively. The molecular weight of porcine platelet basic
      protein was 7,000-7,700 daltons, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The isoelectric point
      of this protein was at pH 9.0. The amino acid composition of porcine platelet
      basic protein resembled that of human low affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4),
      except that the porcine protein did not contain tyrosine. The molecular weight of
      porcine platelet factor 4 ranged from 10,000 (estimated from amino acid analysis)
      to 14,000 (estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis). The amino acid compositions of human platelet factor 4 and of
      porcine platelet factor 4 were similar. Monospecific antibodies against porcine
      platelet factor 4 and porcine platelet basic protein were raised in rabbits.
      Competitive radioimmunoassay demonstrated a low but significant immunologic cross
      reactivity between human and porcine platelet factor 4, and between porcine
      platelet basic protein and a group of human secreted platelet proteins that bind
      to heparin with low affinity (beta-thromboglobulin [beta TG] and low affinity
      platelet factor 4). Experiments with direct immuno-precipitation of 125I-labeled
      antigens suggested that all four proteins investigated (human platelet factor 4,
      porcine platelet factor 4, human low affinity platelet factor 4 or human beta
      thromboglobulin, and porcine platelet basic protein) share common antigenic
      determinants. However, there was a higher degree of immunologic cross-reactivity
      between heterologous antigens with similar heparin binding affinity (human
      platelet factor 4 and porcine platelet factor 4) than between heterologous
      antigens with different binding affinity (human platelet factor 4 and porcine
      platelet basic protein). In conclusion, our finding suggests a significant
      structural homology among the four proteins.

PMID- 6839018
TI  - Density heterogeneity of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes: gradient
      fractionation and relationship to chemotactic stimulation.
AB  - When elicited murine peritoneal exudate cells were subjected to Percoll density
      gradient centrifugation, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were found to
      distribute over a broad spectrum of buoyant densities (1.10-1.06 g/ml). PMN
      isolated between approximately 1.10 and 1.085 g/ml were referred to as high
      density PMN (HD-PMN), and those isolated at approximately 1.085-1.06 g/ml were
      designated intermediate density PMN (ID-PMN). Cells were characterized on the
      basis of morphology and specific markers: PMN by lactoferrin
      immunocytofluorescence and macrophages by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      glycohydrase activity. Macrophages banded near the top of the gradient with a
      peak at 1.04 g/ml. At increasing times following elicitation, the ratio of HD to
      ID-PMN decreased. Decreased density of either murine HD-PMN or human peripheral
      blood PMN could be induced in vitro by exposure of the cells to endotoxin
      activated serum. A decrease in buoyant density of human PMN was also demonstrated
      in vitro using the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (FMLP). The response was time dependent, related to dose, and
      appeared to be mediated by the cell membrane receptor for FMLP. A competitive
      antagonist of FMLP binding, carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-methionine, inhibited the
      density change with a calculated Kd similar to that reported for inhibition of
      FMLP-induced aggregation, degranulation, locomotion, and superoxide production.
      The FMLP-induced decrease in PMN density was shown to be directly correlated with
      increases in relative mean cell volume. The density response is a new measurement
      of PMN interaction with specific chemotactic factors, which may be important in
      the generation of PMN heterogeneity observed in elicited peritoneal exudate
      cells. In addition, this approach offers a means of physically separating
      "activated" from "resting" PMN and of studying resultant biochemical differences
      between these cell populations using both in vivo and in vitro systems.

PMID- 6839019
TI  - The ontogeny of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive cells in the human
      fetus.
AB  - The ontogeny of cells containing the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
      (TdT) in human fetal liver, bone marrow, and thymus has been studied using a
      highly specific antiserum to TdT together with monoclonal antiprecursor cell
      antibodies in double and triple marker immunofluorescence. TdT+ cells were first
      observed in fetal liver at 12 wk of gestation and accounted for 55% of the
      lymphoid-like cells isolated after Ficoll-Hypaque separation. TdT+ cells were
      first observed in the bone marrow 16 wk after gestation. Like TdT+ cells in
      normal infant bone marrow, the majority of TdT+ cells in fetal liver and bone
      marrow expressed both BA-1 and RFB-1 antigens. This suggests that fetal TdT+
      cells include progenitors of the B lineage (BA-1+) and perhaps of thymocytes (RFB
      1+). Nevertheless, TdT was not observed in fetal thymocytes until after 20 wk of
      gestation, although thymic blasts and the majority of thymocytes were strongly
      RFB-1+ from 12 wk of gestation. These results clearly show that fetal thymus is
      first populated by TdT, RFB-1+, BA-1 cells, but does not exclude the fact that a
      second "wave" of TdT+ prothymocytes, possibly bone marrow derived, also exists.

PMID- 6839021
TI  - Effect of heparin on the in vivo release and clearance of human platelet factor
      4.
AB  - Intravenous injection of heparin (100 U/kg) into normal volunteers resulted in an
      increase of platelet factor 4 (PF4) level in platelet-poor plasma from a mean
      value of 18.1 +/- 6.6 ng/ml before the injection to 257.9 +/- 68.3 ng/ml at 5 min
      after injection. PF4 antigen isolated from "postheparin plasma" by adsorption on
      heparin-agarose and elution with 2.0 M NaCl and "authentic PF4" isolated from
      human platelets showed identical patterns of migration as determined by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Material released
      by washed human platelets was injected intravenously into rats. The clearance of
      PF4 followed a biphasic exponential pattern. The half-lives (T1/2) for the fast
      and slow components for control rats were 1.2 and 17.1 min. Heparin significantly
      extended the half-life of human PF4 in rat circulation. The clearance of PF4
      injected together with heparin followed a single component model with a half-life
      of 27.6 min. Administration of heparin to rats that had been previously injected
      with human platelet releasate resulted in a 30-fold increase of plasma PF4 level
      in their circulation. The clearance of PF4 from the circulation of these rats
      (T1/2 = 45 min) fitted a single component model. We propose that PF4 is
      originally secreted by platelets into circulation and subsequently bound
      reversibly to vascular sites from which it can be released back into the
      circulation by heparin. The fast component of PF4 clearance that is abolished by
      heparin may reflect binding of this protein to the endothelial cells.

PMID- 6839020
TI  - The role of sialic acid in the dysfibrinogenemia associated with liver disease:
      distribution of sialic acid on the constituent chains.
AB  - To further evaluate the role of sialic acid in the dysfibrinogenemia associated
      with liver disease, we studied the effect of removal of excess sialic acid
      residues from the fibrinogen of five patients with liver disease on the thrombin
      time and fibrin monomer aggregation. Patient fibrinogens containing 1.4-3.4
      residues of sialic acid per molecule in excess of normal controls, with thrombin
      times 12-22 sec longer than normal and with abnormal fibrin monomer aggregation,
      were stripped of their excess sialic acid by incubation with Vibrio cholerae
      neuraminidase, followed by rapid removal of the enzyme by antineuraminidase
      antibody affinity chromatography. These partially desialylated patient
      fibrinogens, with a normal number of sialic acid residues remaining, exhibited
      normal thrombin times and normal fibrin monomer aggregation. Sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of reduced normal,
      patient, and partially desialylated patient (sialyl-3H)-fibrinogen exhibited 60%
      of the radioactivity in the B beta chain and 40% in the gamma chain. There was no
      radioactivity detectable in the A alpha chain. These studies provide additional
      evidence that the increased sialic acid content of the acquired dysfibrinogenemia
      of liver disease is responsible for its functional defect and that the excess
      sialic acid is distributed on the B beta chain and gamma chains of the
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 6839022
TI  - Antigenic analysis of hematopoiesis. I. Expression of the My-1 granulocyte
      surface antigen on human marrow cells and leukemic cell lines.
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies that identify the My-1 human granulocyte surface
      antigen were not reactive with other peripheral blood cells. These antibodies
      effected complement-dependent cytolysis of a large fraction of normal human
      marrow leukocytes. This My-1-positive marrow cell population consisted of
      morphologically identifiable granulocytic precursor cells. Colony-forming cells
      of the granulocyte-monocyte lineage (CFC-GM) did not express My-1, suggesting
      that the My-1 antigen is expressed later in normal granulocytic maturation.
      However, these antibodies did react with myeloid leukemic cell lines. The
      significance and potential utility of these probes for the understanding of
      granulopoietic differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 6839023
TI  - Demonstration of a natural antigalactosyl IgG antibody on thalassemic red blood
      cells.
AB  - A modified antiglobulin test, based on the high affinity between the Fc portion
      of the red blood cell (RBC) bound IgG and the Fc receptor on the myeloid cell K
      562, was utilized for demonstration of immunoglobulins (Ig) on thalassemic RBC.
      Ig was found on the RBC of 73 out of 80 patients with thalassemia. The
      immunoglobulins on the thalassemic RBC belonged to the IgG subclass and were
      autoreactive. Elution studies utilizing various carbohydrates, or by thermal
      stripping, indicated that at least part of the IgG molecules found on the
      thalassemic RBC were specifically reactive with terminal galactosyl residues on
      the RBC membrane. IgG antibodies with similar reactivity were also demonstrated
      in normal human serum. These natural antigalactosyl IgG antibodies from normal
      sera could bind to IgG-depleted thalassemic RBC. Thalassemic RBC and normal
      senescent RBC were previously found to contain reduced amounts of membrane sialic
      acid (SA). It is suggested that the antigalactosyl IgG antibodies interact with
      newly exposed galactosyl residues underlying the sialic acid units. Such
      interaction may lead to the shortened lifespan of thalassemic RBC and may result
      in sequestration of senescent normal RBC by the reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 6839024
TI  - Specific translocations characterize Burkitt's-like lymphoma of homosexual men
      with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A Burkitt's-like B-cell lymphoma (BLL) has recently been shown to be associated
      with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which affects homosexual men.
      We report cytogenetic studies of two BLL tumors in homosexual men. Both tumors
      had chromosome translocations characteristic of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), one the
      t(8;14) and the other the t(8;22). The pathway of lymphomagenesis in this
      disorder is discussed in the light of recent data on chromosome change and
      localization of immunoglobulin genes and oncogenes.

PMID- 6839025
TI  - The entire beta-globin gene cluster is deleted in a form of gamma delta beta
      thalassemia.
AB  - We have used restriction endonuclease mapping to study a deletion involving the
      beta-globin gene cluster in a Mexican-American family with gamma delta beta
      thalassemia. Analysis of DNA polymorphisms demonstrated deletion of the beta
      globin gene from the affected chromosome. Using a DNA fragment that maps greater
      than 40 kilobases (kb) 5' to the epsilon-gene as a probe, reduced amounts of
      normal fragments were found in the DNA of affected family members. Similar
      analysis using radiolabeled DNA fragments located 3' to the beta-globin cluster
      has shown that the deletion extends more than 17 kb 3' to the beta-gene, but
      terminates before the 3' endpoint of the Ghanian HPFH deletion. Hence, this gamma
      delta beta-thalassemia deletion eliminates over 105 kb of DNA and is the first
      report of a deletion of the entire beta-globin gene cluster.

PMID- 6839026
TI  - Anemia of space flight.

PMID- 6839027
TI  - Government regulations and sickle cell trait.

PMID- 6839028
TI  - Glucosephosphate-isomerase type Kaiserslautern. A new variant causing congenital
      nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.
AB  - In a 13-year-old German girl a GPI deficiency was found to be the cause of a
      chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with recurrent hemolytic crises. The
      hemolytic crises usually occurred after a feverish infection. Only once did the
      patient require blood transfusion during a crisis. Examination of the family
      indicated that the patient is doubly heterozygous for the deficiency. The
      investigation of the biochemical properties of the deficient enzyme revealed an
      altered electrophoretic migration, a pronounced thermolability, an increased
      affinity for G-6-P and slightly changed pH optima for both substrates. The
      described properties of the deficient GPI indicate that we are dealing with a new
      variant designated GPI-Kaiserlautern.

PMID- 6839029
TI  - Comparative study of the transition temperature of calf and adult cattle
      erythrocytes.
AB  - In our study we have compared the temperature dependence of osmotic fragility in
      calf and adult cattle erythrocytes. The temperature dependence of osmotic
      fragility has revealed inflections in calf red cells generally at 20 degrees C
      (293 K), in adult cattle red cells at about 30 degrees C (303 K). One possible
      explanation for the lower transition temperature of calf erythrocytes is that the
      microviscosity of the protein-lipid boundary might be considerably less in the
      membrane of the calf cell than in the adult cell.

PMID- 6839030
TI  - [Ovarian cancer in France. Epidemiological, clinical and histological status].
AB  - With 2 436 deaths in 1979, ovarian cancer is relatively infrequent in France
      comprising but 5 per cent of female mortality from malignant disease. However,
      the rate of increase in mortality is considerable, 70 per cent between 1955 and
      1979 or 2,9 per cent per year, greater than that for female bladder and breast
      cancer. The estimated morbidity and mortality rates (age-adjusted to the world
      standard population) were 7,5 and 5,4 per 100,000 per annum respectively for
      1979, figures in the mid range of international data. This is situated below the
      rates observed in Scandinavia and North America which occupied the first ranks.
      The high proportion of metastatic dissemination (55%) at the time of diagnosis
      and the variety of morphological types (80% being epithelial cancers) emerges
      from clinical data relating to a series of 2,937 ovarian cancers diagnosed by the
      "Enquete Permanente Cancer". The 5-year survival rate was 13 per cent with only
      50 per cent being alive at the end of the first year. To improve these poor
      results it is necessary to identify new risk factors in a future French
      epidemiological study using case control and prospective approaches.

PMID- 6839033
TI  - [Immunosuppression and cancer: clinical aspects].
AB  - The incidence of malignancies is strikingly high in patients with primary
      immunodeficiency diseases. Analysis of clinical data and the types of neoplastic
      proliferations raise several hypothesis. Occurrence of cancers does not seem to
      be favored by secondary immunodeficiencies related to lymphoma or
      immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 6839032
TI  - [Karyotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients treated for Hodgkin
      disease].
AB  - Peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes were analyzed in 55 consecutive patients with
      complete remission after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. In 8 patients, observed
      metaphases were too few in number. The other 47 patients, 29 men and 18 women,
      had been off all therapy for 53 months (median 41, ext. 1 to 250 months). The
      mean interval since the diagnosis was 78 months (median: 73 months) and the mean
      age at the time of chromosome analysis was 38 years (median: 34, ext. 10-78
      years). No patient had either a preleukemic syndrome or leukemia. In contrast to
      karyotypes in normal controls and previously untreated patients, abnormal cells,
      hypodiploid, hyperdiploid and tetradiploid cells were more frequent. But neither
      monosomy 5 or 7 nor trisomy 8 were observed. Intrachromosomal rearrangements
      (gaps, breaks...) were significantly more frequent (12% vs 5% in untreated
      patients) particularly on chromosomes 1 and 2. Interchromosomal rearrangements
      were also numerous (1,25%) but no cells showed any specific translocation for
      malignant hemopathy. Chromosomal aberrations do not seem closely associated with
      treatments but influenced by the post-diagnosis interval and the factors present
      at the time of primary treatment.

PMID- 6839031
TI  - [Cancerogenic activity of antimitotic agents in animals].
AB  - In past years, health authorities have exempted anti-neoplastic agents from
      undergoing carcinogenesis tests. However, in view of increasing knowledge of this
      therapeutic family and of patients' increased life expectancy, toxicologists are
      having to reconsider the problem from both ethical and scientific points of view.
      Analysis of data has established a correlation between mutagenic activity of
      these molecules, carcinogenic activity in the animal and carcinogenic activity in
      man. For this reason, studies in laboratory animals are of interest at the
      present time. Assessment of the carcinogenic activity of anti-neoplastic agents
      in animals must take into account the chemical structure of the drug. The
      experiments to be carried out are: either in vitro, short term tests aimed to
      detect genotoxic drugs by mutagenesis tests, or limited in vivo tests, in order
      to determine the promoting or initiating character of these drugs. However, the
      obtention of negative results with the latter tests does not exclude the
      necessity of long term tests. Whatever the results obtained during these
      experiments, the decision to stop or to continue the development of an anti
      neoplastic agent does not belong exclusively to the toxicologist, who can assess
      the risk, but not the potential benefice.

PMID- 6839035
TI  - [10-year experience in the chemotherapy of epidermoid carcinomas of the upper
      aerodigestive system (5 protocols - 458 patients)].
AB  - The authors report protocols and results observed with various palliative
      chemotherapy, used successively against epidermoid carcinomas of head and neck
      area. This study was followed up during the last ten years by a group of
      physicians working in 8 specialized oncological centers. The poor prognosis and
      efficiency of antimitotic drugs in head and neck carcinomas require analyse of a
      great number of patients files. The cooperative work of several teams allows for
      more rapidly significant results. Each protocol was closed after a two year
      period. The protocols were dropped one after another, in order to provide a
      greater efficiency and a lower toxicity. It was possible to confirm the limited
      efficiency of "heavy" protocols and the most useful association. The members of
      this group now pursue a randomised study comparing the results obtained with cis
      platyl used alone or in addition to three other drugs. The aim of this study is
      to assess which is more efficient and less toxic.

PMID- 6839034
TI  - [Cancers caused by therapeutic noxae: cancer and radiotherapy].
AB  - Published reports have shown that there is an increased incidence of second
      malignancies, particularly sarcomas, following high dose radiotherapy in cancer
      treatment. However, this increased risk is very small and is relatively
      negligible when one considers the beneficial effects of radiotherapy in cancer
      treatment. This incidence of radiation induced cancer appears to be higher in
      certain groups of patients, such as children and patients with Hodgkin's disease.
      In view of scarcity of published data, controlled surveys remain necessary for
      the quantitative assessment of the cancer risk in various sub-groups of
      irradiated patients.

PMID- 6839037
TI  - Effect of pH on acute toxicity of dehydroabietic acid and chlorinated
      dehydroabietic acid to fish and Daphnia.

PMID- 6839036
TI  - Detection of genotoxicants in the leather and tannery industry using short-term
      tests.

PMID- 6839038
TI  - Intraparticle diffusivity of methylene blue into pores of activated carbon and
      pyrolysis ash derived from organic surplus sludge.

PMID- 6839040
TI  - Effect of dietary protein on locomotor activity during chronic lead exposure in
      male and female rats.

PMID- 6839039
TI  - Ultraviolet absorption, aqueous solubility, and octanol-water partition for
      several phthalates.

PMID- 6839041
TI  - Chelation of lead with DMPS and BAL in rats injected with lead.

PMID- 6839042
TI  - Removal of some heavy metals from polluted water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia
      crassipes).

PMID- 6839044
TI  - Effects of chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene on survival,
      growth, and liver of Poecilia sphenops.

PMID- 6839045
TI  - Fate of radiolabeled sodium pentachlorophenate in littoral microcosms.

PMID- 6839043
TI  - Heavy metal residues in prefledgling black-crowned night-herons from three
      Atlantic coast colonies.

PMID- 6839047
TI  - Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in tissues of freshwater mussel (Lamellidens
      marginalis) exposed to phosphamidon.

PMID- 6839046
TI  - Gray bats killed by dieldrin at two additional Missouri caves: aquatic
      macroinvertebrates found dead.

PMID- 6839048
TI  - Drift and worker exposure resulting from two methods of applying insecticides to
      pine bark.

PMID- 6839052
TI  - [1983 Academy roster].

PMID- 6839051
TI  - Woodlice exposed to pollutant gases.

PMID- 6839050
TI  - Distribution of pendimethalin in an aquatic microecosystem.

PMID- 6839049
TI  - RNA synthesis in 2,4,5-T-induced tumors in bean embryos.

PMID- 6839053
TI  - The impact of difficult patients upon treaters. Consequences and remedies.

PMID- 6839054
TI  - Intersubjectivity in psychoanalytic treatment. With special reference to archaic
      states.

PMID- 6839055
TI  - The antisocial personality.

PMID- 6839057
TI  - Planning services for chronically mentally ill patients.

PMID- 6839056
TI  - Detection and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse.

PMID- 6839058
TI  - Perspectives on the difficult patient.

PMID- 6839059
TI  - Social security disability and the arthritis patient.

PMID- 6839060
TI  - Contractions induced by grayanotoxin I in the guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - 1 In the guinea-pig vas deferens, grayanotoxin I (G-I), a diterpenic toxin
      isolated from certain ericaceous plants caused rhythmic contractions which were
      dose-dependent (5 x 10(-5) M - 10(-3) M); these followed an initial transient
      contraction.2 The G-I (3 x 10(-4) M)-induced contraction was markedly inhibited
      or abolished by reserpine (2 mg/kg on 2 days), phentolamine (2 x 10(-7) M and 10(
      6) M) or tetrodotoxin (TTX, 5 x 10(-7) M), but remained almost unaffected by
      atropine (10(-6) M) or mecamylamine (3 x 10(-5) M). This contraction was also
      abolished after storage at 4 degrees C for 7 days or incubation in Na-deficient
      or Ca-free medium.3 After treatment with G-I (3 x 10(-5) M), which did not alter
      the tension of the preparation, transmural stimulation (10-50 Hz, 0.5 ms,
      supramaximal voltage, for 3 s) induced a slower contraction (second contraction)
      following the first rapid contraction caused by stimulation.4 The second
      contraction was inhibited or abolished by reserpine (2 mg/kg on 2 days),
      phentolamine (2 x 10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) and TTX (2 x 10(-8) M), but was not
      affected by atropine (10(-6) M) and mecamylamine (3 x 10(-5) M).5 G-I (3 x 10(-5)
      M) shifted the dose-response curves for noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine and
      high-K contractions to the left in a parallel manner and slightly increased the
      maximal response to these agonists.6 G-I (3 x 10(-4) M) caused a release of
      endogenous NA from the vas deferens which was approximately 120 times that of
      control preparations. This response was inhibited or abolished by TTX (5 x 10(-7)
      M) or incubation in Ca-free medium.7 These results suggest that the G-I-induced
      contraction of the vas deferens and the G-I-induced second contraction on
      electrical stimulation are the result of an indirect action mediated through the
      release of NA from the adrenergic nerve endings.

PMID- 6839061
TI  - Effects of the venom of the Brazilian scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) on the
      compound action potential of the rabbit vagus nerve fibres.
AB  - 1 The effects of the venom of the scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) on nerve fibres of
      the rabbit cervical vagus were studied by the single sucrose-gap technique.
      Scorpion venom (1 microgram/ml) increased irreversibly the duration of the B
      component of the compound action potential of the vagus nerves, leaving the C
      component with its normal configuration. Tetrodotoxin (200 nM) suppressed the
      prolongation of the action potential duration in venom-treated B fibres. 2 At the
      same concentration (1 microgram/ml), scorpion venom reduced the amplitude and the
      rate constant of decay of the hyperpolarization produced by tetanic stimulation
      of non-myelinated nerve fibres. 3 A lower concentration (0.2 micrograms/ml)
      blocked completely the hyperpolarization of the potassium-activated response.
      After washing, the potassium-activated response partially recovered its amplitude
      but there was a significant increase in the time constant of the decay of
      hyperpolarization. 4 It is suggested that scorpion venom may modify the sodium
      pumping mechanism within fibres as well as affecting the passive and active
      sodium permeability systems.

PMID- 6839062
TI  - Comparison of the effects of the hypolipidaemic agents ICI53072 and clofibrate
      with those of phenobarbitone on liver size, blood flow and DNA content in the
      rat.
AB  - 1 The effects of the hypolipidaemic agents ICI 53072 and clofibrate on cardiac
      output and its distribution to the hepatosplanchnic bed were determined by the
      use of radioactive microspheres in the rat. The effects of these agents on
      hepatic DNA content were compared with those of phenobarbitone. Also the effects
      of ICI 53072 on hepatic microsomal enzymes and bile flow were determined together
      with the effects of phenobarbitone. 2 ICI 53072 and clofibrate both increased
      liver size and liver blood flow. A daily dose of 25 mg kg-1 ICI 53072 for 5 days
      increased liver weight by 55% and liver blood flow by 43%, the latter by
      enhancing the proportion of cardiac output passing to the hepatosplanchnic bed.
      The increased liver blood flow with clofibrate (480 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days) was
      the result of greater cardiac output but the change (35%) was half the increase
      in liver weight. 3 Phenobarbitone (80 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days) produced a fall
      in DNA content per unit mass of liver but no change in hepatic DNA relative to
      body weight. ICI 53072 (25 mg kg-1 daily) increased hepatic DNA relative to body
      weight but by a lesser extent than it increased liver weight as a proportion of
      body weight; hence DNA content per unit mass of liver decreased. Clofibrate at
      three dose levels increased hepatic DNA relative to body weight but only one dose
      significantly decreased DNA content as a proportion of liver weight. 4
      Phenobarbitone (80 mg kg-1 daily) increased bile flow whereas ICI 53072 (25 mg kg
      1 daily) had no effect. Both treatments increased hepatic cytochrome P450 content
      and cytochrome c reductase activity. 5 It is concluded that phenobarbitone
      increases liver size by hepatocyte enlargement rather than cellular proliferation
      but that the hepatomegaly produced by the hypolipidaemic agents, at least at some
      doses, is due to a mixture of both processes. 6 It is further concluded that
      there is no simple relationship between the mechanism of hepatic enlargement
      resulting from drug treatment and changes in liver blood flow.

PMID- 6839063
TI  - The evaluation of different types of anti-convulsant drug activity against
      leptazol-induced epileptogenic activity in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - 1 The effects of various anticonvulsant drugs were evaluated quantitatively on
      the development of the epileptogenic EEG, induced by the intravenous infusion of
      leptazol in rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2 Leptazol alone produced five
      distinct phases of EEG activity developing from early wave and small spike and
      wave activity to larger spikes which later grouped and led to full body
      convulsion (FBC). 3 Drugs effective in petit mal such as clonazepam (0.1 and 0.25
      mg kg-1) and ethosuximide (100 and 200 mg kg-1), significantly delayed the time
      to FBC by prolonging the early phases of the epileptogenic EEG and delaying the
      appearance of spiking. 4 Drugs effective in grand mal such as sodium valproate
      (60 mg kg-1) and phenytoin (5 mg kg-1) significantly prolonged the time to FBC by
      extending the later phases of the EEG and the development and grouping of spikes.
      Higher doses of these compounds were without effect. Carbamazepine and
      phenobarbitone produced mixed effects but were generally not markedly
      anticonvulsant. 5 The model is sensitive to drugs effective in both petit mal and
      grand mal, and appears able to differentiate usefully between them.

PMID- 6839064
TI  - Neuronal influence on the mechanical activity of the ciliary muscle.
AB  - 1 Neuronal effects and the pharmacological properties of the bovine ciliary
      muscle were investigated in vitro. The bovine ciliary muscle exhibited no
      spontaneous activity. 2 Electrical stimulation of an isolated short ciliary nerve
      produced distinct contractions. The minimal stimulus duration required to evoke a
      contraction was 0.2 ms and amplitude of the contraction was maximal at 2 ms.
      Twitch or incomplete tetanus reached a complete tetanus with 4 Hz stimulation. 3
      Raising the external potassium concentration from 5.9 to 158.8 mM produced a
      contracture which consisted of an initial phasic and then tonic components. 4 The
      contractions generated by either electrical stimulation (0.2-100 ms) or high K
      were potentiated by physostigmine and completely inhibited by atropine. Neither
      adrenoceptor agonists nor blockers influenced these contractions. 5 Application
      of tetraethylammonium (TEA), potentiated the electrically-induced ciliary muscle
      contraction, and the effect of TEA was not completely inhibited by high
      concentrations of either atropine or tetrodotoxin. Thus, TEA presumably acts both
      pre-junctionally and post-junctionally to increase the contractile development of
      ciliary muscle. 6 The ciliary contractile response is primarily mediated by
      acetylcholine released from nerves, and this response is accompanied by a
      negligible contribution from the sympathetic nerves. Depolarization induced by
      electrical currents or by high K was ineffective in evoking contraction of the
      ciliary muscle. 7 The results suggest that excitation of the ciliary muscle is
      probably mediated via junction potentials or by a direct transmitter action
      without any very great change in the potential. Action potentials are probably
      generated in the presence of TEA.

PMID- 6839065
TI  - The prognosis of depression in old age.
AB  - The paper describes a one year prospective study of 124 elderly depressed
      patients. Only one third of the group had a good outcome. Poor outcome was
      associated with severity of initial illness, those with depressive delusions
      having a particularly poor outcome. Outcome was also influenced by physical
      health problems and severe life events in the follow-up year. Social class
      differences in outcome were thought to be due to class differences in the
      experience of severe life events. There was no evidence that an intimate
      relationship protected against relapse in the face of continuing life stress.

PMID- 6839066
TI  - Distress or illness? A study of psychological symptoms after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Three groups of patients were identified during a study of men who had recently
      suffered an acute myocardial infarction: those with psychiatric morbidity
      antedating the infarction and those with no significant psychopathology. Compared
      to the other two groups, patients with psychiatric morbidity before the
      infarction were more likely to be unmarried, unemployed and to have received
      previous psychiatric treatment. They also obtained higher scores for neuroticism
      and psychoticism on personality assessment. Patients whose symptoms have been
      precipitated by the infarction resembled the psychologically healthy group with
      regard to their demographic characteristics and personality. Their symptoms
      tended to be transient, improving without special psychiatric treatment.

PMID- 6839068
TI  - Visual evoked potentials in schizophrenia. Intensity effects and hemispheric
      asymmetry.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) to different flash intensities were recorded at a
      central site (Cz) plus at homologous temporal and occipital locations in normal
      and unmedicated schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenic patients showed an
      hemisphere asymmetry of the P100-N120 peak-trough amplitude with smaller left but
      larger right hemisphere amplitudes than normal. Further, two subgroups of
      patients were found with abnormalities lateralized to the left hemisphere. One
      group was found to have abnormal P100 amplitude-intensity patterns at the left
      temporal site while the other group showed deviant N120 amplitude-intensity
      patterns at the left occipital location. The clinical significance of these
      results can be seen in the higher nuclear schizophrenia (PSE-CATEGO) scores in
      the left temporal subgroup and the higher hypomania and situational anxiety
      scores in the left occipital group. Patients also showed slower than normal P100
      and N120 peak latencies.

PMID- 6839067
TI  - Prognostic implications of the sex of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - In two follow-up studies of a total of 175 patients, carried out approximately
      eight years after first hospitalization, men were under hospital care more often
      and for more prolonged periods than women, but used outpatient services less. At
      the end there were only small differences in clinical condition between the
      sexes, but social condition, as depicted by social adjustment, psychosexual
      situation and work adjustment, was clearly poorer in men than in women. This was
      perhaps a reflection of the men's poorer premorbid psychosocial development and
      social role. The differences between the sexes in the prognosis for schizophrenia
      are considered.

PMID- 6839069
TI  - The relationship of handedness to the cognitive, language, and visuo-spatial
      skills of autistic patients.
AB  - The relationship between hand preference, age, and developmental functioning was
      examined in 70 autistic patients. Unilateral or mixed handedness appeared to be
      stabilized by the age of five years. Patients with established hand
      lateralization tended to function better in all developmental areas including
      intelligence, language, and visuospatial abilities. It is a tenable hypothesis
      that the presence or absence of hand lateralization by age five may be an
      important predictor of outcome in autism.

PMID- 6839070
TI  - Monitoring drugs in hospitals for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 6839071
TI  - Drugs and delinquency. A ten year follow-up of drug clinic patients.
AB  - The addiction and conviction status of 60 male patients who presented to a London
      drug clinic in 1970 was re-examined 10 years later. Eleven of the patients had
      died. Three-quarters of the survivors had been abstinent for five years and one
      quarter were still addicted in this time. Ninety-seven per cent had received a
      court conviction by 1981 and 83 per cent were convicted during follow-up. Neither
      hospital treatment, receipt of a clinic prescription nor imprisonment was
      associated with eventual abstinence. Poor outcome, in combined terms of continued
      addiction and re-conviction, related to early parental loss, poor academic
      achievement, conviction before drug use, longer imprisonment and a high
      conviction rate. Criminality emerges as the predominant and continuing expression
      of deviancy in these drug clinic patients.

PMID- 6839072
TI  - Social phobia: a comparative clinical study.
AB  - Eighty-seven people with the symptom of social phobia were compared with 57
      people with the symptom of agoraphobia to determine whether these symptoms were
      part of distinct syndromes. Comparisons were made on demographic, clinical and
      questionnaire data. Significant differences were found on important variables.
      The social phobics were younger and more often male, unmarried, and from social
      classes I and II. The pattern of phobic situations was different in the two
      groups and so was the pattern of autonomic symptoms experienced in these
      situations. Symptoms visible to others were more frequent among social phobics.
      Fainting was more frequent among the agoraphobics.

PMID- 6839073
TI  - The treatment of writer's cramp with multimodal behaviour therapy and
      biofeedback: a study of 15 cases.
AB  - Of 15 patients with writer's cramp (4 females, 11 males, mean age 36, range 23
      50, mean duration 3.6 years), 13 entered a behavioural treatment. Nine received a
      multimodal treatment, and four EMG feedback alone. Four patients dropped out
      during the treatment phase. Nine patients were considered as improved at a follow
      up between 1 and 9 months. A stress-coping model is put forward to account for
      the therapeutic effectiveness, and to explain the drop-outs. Writer's cramp seems
      to be related to stressful situations at work. The existence of personality and
      biological factors remains to be demonstrated.

PMID- 6839074
TI  - Growth hormone response to clonidine in obsessive-compulsive patients.
AB  - We have observed a lesser growth hormone response to intravenous clonidine
      administration in nine obsessive-compulsive disorder patients meeting research
      diagnostic criteria than in nine matched controls. The obsessive-compulsive
      disorder patients had higher plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and
      plasma norepinephrine levels before clonidine than the controls. As blunted
      growth hormone responses to clonidine are also characteristic of affective
      disorder patients, these results support other observations of a psychobiologic
      affinity between these two groups and are also compatible with an association
      between increased presynaptic noradrenergic activity and decreased post-synaptic
      receptor responsiveness.

PMID- 6839075
TI  - Decreased imipramine binding in the brains of patients with depressive illness.
AB  - The binding of tritiated imipramine was significantly reduced in the hippocampus
      and occipital cortex from a series of patients with depressive illness compared
      with age-matched patients with no psychiatric disorder. In contrast there was no
      change in imipramine binding in established cases of senile dementia of Alzheimer
      type. Scatchard analysis indicated normal binding affinity but a reduction in the
      number of imipramine binding sites in depression. These observations parallel
      previous findings of decreased binding sites in platelets from depressed patients
      and suggest there may be an abnormality in the uptake mechanism for serotonin in
      depression.

PMID- 6839076
TI  - Marriage and mental illness.
AB  - Two female psychiatric patient samples were examined--240 women, aged 20 or over,
      from North East Scotland; and 44, aged 40 to 49, from Chichester, West Sussex.
      There was also a Chichester community sample of 230 women of similar age-range.
      The N.E. Scotland psychiatric patients with poor marriages broke down
      significantly earlier, and the delay between marriage and first breakdown was
      significantly shorter. This group also tended to have a neurotic rather than an
      endogenous type of depression. The poor marriages of the Chichester psychiatric
      patients were, in the main, similar to those of the Chichester non-patients, but
      the patients demonstrated significantly more disturbance of sexual relationships,
      and their in-laws were significantly more disapproving.

PMID- 6839077
TI  - Parental age in schizophrenia.

PMID- 6839078
TI  - Rapid response to lithium in treatment-resistant depression.

PMID- 6839079
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia in a phantom limb.

PMID- 6839080
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia less severe in depression.

PMID- 6839081
TI  - Does perfusion equal diuresis in the upper urinary tract?
AB  - Pressures occurring in the upper urinary tract during perfusion and diuresis were
      compared in an unsedated dog preparation. Perfusion pressures were significantly
      higher, suggesting that a product of diuresis actively reduces upper tract tone.

PMID- 6839082
TI  - The biomechanical principles of upper urinary tract pressure-flow studies.
AB  - An experimental model is described in which the relationship between relative
      renal intrapelvic pressure and perfusion rate at varying degrees of ureteric
      obstruction was investigated in the rabbit ureter. There was smooth, laminar
      (Poiseuille) flow in the ureter over a wide range of flow rates even in the
      presence of sharp constrictions. The theoretical basis of these findings in terms
      of the fluid mechanics of collapsible tubes is defined and their importance in
      the assessment of equivocal upper tract obstruction discussed.

PMID- 6839083
TI  - "The distal nephron index": a measure of obstructive nephropathy in experimental
      hydronephrosis.
AB  - An experimental model is described in rabbits where chronic partial ureteric
      occlusion and permanent renal pelvic cannulation were performed. For periods of
      up to three months, parameters of distal nephron function were measured
      repeatedly and pressure-flow studies performed. Fractional water clearance, free
      water clearance/GFR ratio and the relative intrapelvic pressure (IPP) on
      perfusion were increased (P less than 0.01) as a result of partial ureteric
      occlusion. A new parameter, "the distal nephron index", is described which is
      also raised in obstruction (P less than 0.01) and which exhibits a linear
      correlation with relative IPP (r = +0.40; P less than 0.05) not demonstrated by
      the other distal nephron function measurements. The implications of this
      relationship in the assessment of upper tract dilatation are discussed.

PMID- 6839084
TI  - The Hellstrom operation for hydronephrosis.
AB  - It is suggested that lower polar renal vessels are a common cause of idiopathic
      hydronephrosis and that the Hellstrom operation, combined with pelviureteric
      lysis, is an effective and simple treatment of such cases. The operation is
      described and a prospective study of 15 cases so treated is outlined. The results
      were studied by clinical, radiological and renographic criteria and showed that
      deconvolution renography is a less valuable means than the relief of pain and
      improvement in appearance of the IVU and diuretic urograms in assessing results.
      The operation is minor and cannot make things worse and there is no possibility
      of urine leakage or late stenosis.

PMID- 6839085
TI  - The spectrum of peripelvic cysts.
AB  - Nineteen peripelvic cysts with unusual findings are discussed. While usually an
      incidental radiographic finding, these cysts may obstruct the collecting system
      and yet not be apparent on nephrotomography. They may also be confused with renal
      sinus lipomatosis and, ultrasonographically, they may mimic hydronephrosis.

PMID- 6839086
TI  - The effect of oral acetohydroxamic acid on urinary saturation in stone-forming
      spinal cord patients.
AB  - Chronic urinary infection is thought to be a major factor in the causation of
      urinary calculi in paraplegic patients. Acetohydroxamic acid is reported to be
      effective in some patients for the management of this type of stone disease, but
      there have been no studies of urinary saturation levels during therapy with this
      drug. In this study 10 patients received oral acetohydroxamic acid for seven
      days. Marked lowering of urinary pH and ammonium levels were observed, but
      decreases in urinary saturation were small. The administration of acetohydroxamic
      acid resulted in increased urinary excretion of magnesium and phosphate, effects
      that have not previously been reported.

PMID- 6839087
TI  - Clinically unrecognised renal carcinoma: aspects of tumor morphology, lymphatic
      and haematogenous metastatic spread.
AB  - In a series comprising 235 clinically unrecognised renal carcinoma, metastatic
      spread was found in 56 cases (24%). In 82% of cases with metastases the spread
      involved more than one site. Lymphatic spread was diagnosed in 37 patients. Lymph
      node metastases were usually multiple and multifocal and were almost as common in
      the mediastinum as in the retroperitoneal space. In cases with involvement of
      these sites and/or supraclavicular nodes, concomitant metastases in the lungs
      were observed in 86% and in other organs in 11%. Since lymph node invasion is a
      strong indicator of systemic spread, the therapeutic benefit of radical
      lymphadenectomy seems very low, whereas a limited unilateral dissection is
      justified mainly for its value as a staging procedure.

PMID- 6839088
TI  - Skeletal scintigraphy in carcinoma of the kidney.
AB  - The scintigrams and radiographs of 32 patients with renal carcinoma were
      reviewed. False negative skeletal scintigrams were observed in four of 12
      symptomatic patients with proven skeletal metastases from carcinoma of the
      kidney. A negative scintigram therefore does not exclude the possibility of
      skeletal metastases in this condition.

PMID- 6839089
TI  - Inverted papilloma of the upper urinary tract.

PMID- 6839090
TI  - A technique for excising the orthotopic or ectopic ureteric remnant.

PMID- 6839091
TI  - Isolated ileal loop augmentation of existing ileal conduit.
AB  - A new method of stomal revision in an existing ileal conduit is described. Two
      cases are reported in which the procedure was a success. It is suggested that
      ileal loop augmentation of an existing ileal loop may serve, in selected cases,
      as a useful alternative to complete conduit reconstruction.

PMID- 6839092
TI  - Changes in the mucosa of colon conduits with particular reference to the risk of
      malignant change.
AB  - Intestinal suction biopsies were obtained in 15 infants and children with
      cutaneous colo-ureterostomies. The patients were subdivided into groups according
      to the length of time the conduit had been established, i.e. less than 5 years, 5
      to 10 years, 10 to 15 years and over 15 years. The histological changes found
      were chronic inflammation with a dense infiltration of plasma cells and
      eosinophils. The changes were progressive and correlated with the length of time
      the conduit had been established. As persistent chronic inflammation is a
      precursor of malignancy, it seems likely that there is a risk of malignant change
      in these conduits. Regular follow-up of such patients is recommended and should
      include flexible fibreoptic endoscopy of the conduit.

PMID- 6839093
TI  - The incidence and significance of vaginal metaplasia of the bladder trigone in
      adult women.
AB  - One hundred and six bladders were removed at autopsy from adult women dying of
      diseases unrelated to the urinary tract. A fixative solution had been introduced
      into the bladder as soon as possible after death. The naked-eye appearances were
      recorded before and after application of Lugol's iodine solution and the trigones
      then submitted to histological examination. Vaginal metaplasia of the trigone was
      present in the majority (72%) of bladders, a similar incidence being found in
      both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal age groups. Histological evidence of
      chronic inflammation was found significantly more frequently in bladders showing
      vaginal metaplasia and it is suggested that vaginal metaplasia is not a
      consequence of chronic inflammation but that its surface characteristics may
      predispose to chronic infection. Its purported hormonal aetiology does not
      explain all observed features. Prominent venous channels within the tunica
      propria around the urethral orifice were a constant feature in all bladders
      studied. Two of the 76 bladders showing vaginal metaplasia also displayed
      atypical hyperplasia of this squamous epithelium, a previously unrecorded
      observation. The possible implications of such atypical hyperplasia are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 6839094
TI  - Intramural ganglia of the human urinary bladder.
AB  - The arrangement and distribution of intramural autonomic ganglion cells have been
      examined in samples of the dome and lateral walls of the human urinary bladder.
      Ganglia were frequently observed in samples removed from either site and
      possessed histochemical characteristics to support their classification as
      presumptive cholinergic neurons. Unlike pelvic autonomic neurons, intramural
      bladder ganglion cells are not associated with noradrenergic (possibly
      inhibitory) preganglionic nerve terminals. The widespread distribution of
      ganglion cells within the bladder wall serves to frustrate surgical attempts to
      denervate detrusor smooth muscle. The outcome of such operative procedures is
      likely to result in decentralisation rather than denervation of the urinary
      bladder.

PMID- 6839095
TI  - The concept and measurement of bladder work. A review after 6 years.

PMID- 6839096
TI  - Urinary retention without organic cause in children.
AB  - Acute urinary retention without organic explanation is well known in adults but
      has only rarely been described in children. Six cases (four boys and two girls)
      of non-organic acute urinary retention are reported. The diagnosis was based on
      negative findings on extensive urological examination. So-called psychogenic
      urinary retention in children is associated with constipation and infrequent
      voiding.

PMID- 6839097
TI  - Further experience of free muscle transplantation in children with urinary
      incontinence.
AB  - Sixteen patients, 10 boys and 6 girls with severe urinary incontinence due to
      congenital malformations, were treated by free autogenous muscle transplantation.
      The mean follow-up period was 2.3 years. In 10 patients the results were good,
      implying increase in functional bladder capacity and abandoning of napkins during
      the day. Two patients were improved and 4 were failures. The earliest signs of
      improvement appeared 2 to 6 months after surgery. Most patients showed further
      improvement for at least 2 years post-operatively. Cine studies of micturition
      clearly showed activity of the transplant, most patients with good results being
      able to interrupt completely the urinary stream at will. Seven patients exhibited
      normal urinary flow post-operatively. In 5 patients the maximal urinary flow was
      around the lower normal limit, in two because of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.
      In boys, erection was unimpaired post-operatively. The prognosis seems to be
      better in girls than in boys, especially when comparing cases of epispadias.
      Patients with no sign of improvement during the first 6 months post-operatively
      had a poor prognosis. A relatively large bladder capacity before operation is
      advantageous, but not a prerequisite for continence, as bladder capacity can
      develop after transplantation. The ideal age for transplantation is 5 to 6 years.

PMID- 6839098
TI  - Too many cystograms in the investigation of urinary tract infection in children?
AB  - We report on 62 children referred for a first micturating cystourethrogram (MCU)
      and intravenous urogram (IVU) because of suspected or proven urinary tract
      infection (UTI). The study represents 1 year's experience of a district hospital,
      but excludes children below the age of 6 months and those with a diagnosis of
      urinary drainage anomaly. The IVU proved a good predictor of gross vesicoureteric
      reflux, which affected 11 children, all with suspect IVUs. Lesser grades of
      reflux can occur in the presence of a normal IVU but are unlikely to damage the
      kidney. They can be managed by treating symptoms of infection rather than by the
      need to protect nephrons. In our study a suspect IVU implied a 79% chance of
      gross reflux, and a normal IVU excluded such reflux. It is suggested that
      children over 6 months of age with a clinically important infection should be
      spared an MCU unless the IVU is abnormal, or troublesome infections recur.

PMID- 6839099
TI  - Phenacetin-containing analgesics and cancer of the bladder or renal pelvis in
      women.
AB  - In a case-control investigation of 154 women with cancer of the bladder and 440
      female population controls spanning the same age range, the relative risk for
      this cancer was 2.6 in consumers of phenacetin-containing analgesics and 2.7 in
      tobacco smokers. The relative risks for cancer of the renal pelvis, determined
      for 31 cases, were 5.4 with phenacetin and 4.7 with tobacco. Increasing
      consumption of either agent increased the risk for cancer at each of the two
      sites, while a synergistic rather than purely additive effect was apparent when
      both phenacetin-containing analgesics and tobacco had been taken. Consumption of
      analgesic preparations which contained no phenacetin did not increase the risk of
      developing cancer at either site. The evidence indicates that phenacetin is a
      clinically important carcinogen for the lower as well as for the upper urinary
      tract.

PMID- 6839102
TI  - Strictures of the penile urethra.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-seven patients with urethral strictures have been treated
      over a period of 2 1/2 years. In nearly 50%, strictures were confined to the
      penile urethra, involving the meatus, the fossa navicularis or varying lengths of
      the urethra up to the bulb. Of these, 95.3% were inflammatory in nature. Overall,
      85.5% were managed with a single surgical procedure. The single-stage technique
      using a skin inversion pedicled flap was done in 15 cases and was found to be
      useful, with less morbidity than the staged procedure.

PMID- 6839101
TI  - Vasoplasty: flap operation.
AB  - Vasoplasty was performed in 40 cases by the flap technique; the patency rate was
      79% and the pregnancy rate 34%. The method produced acceptable results almost as
      good as those achieved by microsurgery but without the need for expensive
      apparatus and long training.

PMID- 6839100
TI  - Extended bladder neck incision for outflow obstruction in male patients.
AB  - Thirty-two male patients with mechanical or functional bladder outlet obstruction
      were treated by bilateral endoscopic bladder neck incision. In three cases a
      repeat incision was necessary. Subjective cure or improvement was obtained in
      81%. Objective evaluation, including uroflowmetry and residual urine
      measurements, showed a similar improvement. Bladder neck incision takes only a
      few minutes, is simple and less traumatic than transurethral resection. The
      aetiology of impaired micturition and the value of urodynamic assessment are
      discussed and some attention devoted to the problem of post-operative retrograde
      ejaculation.

PMID- 6839103
TI  - Obstructive urethral leiomyoma in a female.

PMID- 6839104
TI  - Renal cholesteatoma.

PMID- 6839105
TI  - Bilateral epididymal sarcoid.

PMID- 6839106
TI  - Uretero-uterine fistula as a complication of ureteric calculus.

PMID- 6839107
TI  - Tuberculosis of the penis.

PMID- 6839108
TI  - Angiographic findings in the kidney in the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.

PMID- 6839109
TI  - Cysto-uterine fistula.

PMID- 6839110
TI  - A local anaesthetic technique for orchiectomy in advanced prostatic cancer.

PMID- 6839111
TI  - Streptococcus suis type 2 infections.

PMID- 6839113
TI  - Further observations on the relationship between QTc of an electrocardiogram and
      plasma calcium levels in cows.

PMID- 6839112
TI  - Pulse rate and milk production in dairy cows.

PMID- 6839114
TI  - Analysis of factors influencing reproductive performance of the dairy cow by
      progesterone assay in milk-fat.

PMID- 6839115
TI  - Insulin receptors in milk.

PMID- 6839116
TI  - A new approach to the use of progesterone levels for pregnancy determination.

PMID- 6839118
TI  - Measurement of progestagen and oestrogen levels in human breast milk.

PMID- 6839117
TI  - Early pregnancy factor: biology and practical application.

PMID- 6839119
TI  - Progesterone uptake and metabolism by the goat mammary gland during lactogenesis.

PMID- 6839120
TI  - Cell growth-promoting activity in mammary secretions of the goat, cow and sheep.

PMID- 6839121
TI  - Factors affecting oestrone sulphate concentrations in milk.

PMID- 6839122
TI  - Effect of exposure to a hot-humid and a hot-dry environment on thyroid hormone
      values in sheep.

PMID- 6839123
TI  - The diagnosis, occurrence and distribution of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis in
      Scotland 1975 to 1981.

PMID- 6839124
TI  - Experimental infection in sheep with Leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo.

PMID- 6839125
TI  - Endocrine activity of the mammary gland: oestrogen and prostaglandin secretion by
      the cow and sheep mammary glands during lactogenesis.

PMID- 6839126
TI  - Chlamydiosis.

PMID- 6839127
TI  - Side differences in writing to dictation of aphasics with agraphia: a Graphic
      Disconnection Syndrome.
AB  - The performance of five aphasics with agraphia and right hemiplegia showing side
      differences in writing to dictation is reported on. It was found that writing
      with the paralyzed arm, supported by a writing aid, was better than writing with
      the left hand. In a control group of aphasics with agraphia, but without
      hemiplegia, such side differences were not found. The conclusion is drawn that in
      aphasia with hemiplegia the lesions intersect the path between the graphic region
      of the dominant hemisphere and the corpus callosum. Therefore the observed
      syndrome is termed "Graphic Disconnection Syndrome."

PMID- 6839128
TI  - Comprehension strategies determining reference in aphasia: a study of
      reflexivization.
AB  - This study explored the comprehension of reference in aphasia as reflected in
      reflexivization. A total of 132 test sentences were used consisting of two basic
      syntactic frames varying in the minimal distance principle and in the type of
      cues available in the sentence (syntax, syntax and morphology, syntax and
      lexical, and syntax, morphology, and lexical) for determining pronominal
      reference. Fifteen patients, five Broca's, five Conduction, and five Wernicke's,
      were asked to point to the picture (of two) corresponding to the auditorily
      presented test sentence. Results indicated that aphasic patients as a whole
      comprehend reference; however, their performance varied depending on the nature
      of the cues available in the sentence. All groups were impaired when only
      syntactic cues were available and showed a significant decrement in performance
      when the test sentence violated the minimal distance principle. As additional
      cues other than syntactic structure were provided, performance level increased.
      All groups, including the Broca's aphasics, showed only slight improvement with
      the presence of morphological cues. Wernicke's aphasic's performance was
      particularly vulnerable when lexical cues were added to syntactic cues. These
      results suggest that evaluation of a patient's deficit in sentence comprehension
      requires analysis of those attributes of the sentence contributing to its overall
      semantic interpretation.

PMID- 6839129
TI  - The selective impairment of phonological processing: a case study.
AB  - A case study is reported of an aphasic patient with fluent speech and markedly
      superior comprehension of written vs. spoken words. Results of extensive testing
      supported the hypothesis that the patient suffers from a phonological processing
      deficit that affects performance in all tasks that require the generation of a
      phonological code. This selective deficit is interpreted as the underlying cause
      of diverse symptoms such as asyntactic comprehension of written sentences, the
      commission of spelling errors in writing, and the production of literal
      paraphasias and neologisms in spontaneous speech. Alternative possibilities for
      the classification of this patient are discussed.

PMID- 6839130
TI  - Surprise but not coherence: sensitivity to verbal humor in right-hemisphere
      patients.
AB  - Verbal humor deficits were investigated in right-hemisphere-damaged patients. It
      was hypothesized that the appreciation of jokes presupposes two elements:
      sensitivity to the surprise element entailed in the punch line of a joke and
      apprehension of the coherence which results when the punch line has been
      integrated with the body of the joke. The possible dissociation between these
      elements was tested by asking subjects to select from four alternatives the
      appropriate ending to a joke. Right-hemisphere patients exhibited a selective
      attraction to endings which contained an element of surprise but which were not
      otherwise coherent with the body of the joke. This finding suggests that right
      hemisphere patients have difficulty in integrating content across parts of a
      narrative and confirms the psychological reality of the proposed distinction
      between the surprise and coherence elements of humor processing.

PMID- 6839131
TI  - Visual Field asymmetries for verbal and dot localization tasks in monolingual and
      bilingual subjects.
AB  - Visual Field asymmetries for verbal and dot localization tasks were examined in
      monolingual and bilingual subjects. Consistent right-visual-field advantages were
      found for verbal material in all groups, although bilingual subjects showed a
      reduced laterality for their second language in comparison with their native
      language. Monolingual subjects displayed left-visual-field advantages on the dot
      localization task, but no consistent asymmetries were shown by the bilingual
      subjects. The overall pattern of results is consistent with left-hemisphere
      involvement for the processing of verbal material, but the heterogeneity of
      performance on the dot localization task suggests that processing of such a task
      may be influenced by subjects' linguistic backgrounds.

PMID- 6839132
TI  - Apractic agraphia in a patient with normal praxis.
AB  - Most right-handed crossed aphasics are not apractic. They usually have agraphia
      characterized by misspellings but retain the ability to write well-formed
      graphemes. We describe a right-handed patient with a right parietal lesion who
      was aphasic and not apractic. He was unable to write any formed graphemes despite
      a relatively preserved ability to spell aloud. We postulate that praxis and
      writing are dissociated in this patient because the motor engrams for praxis were
      located in his left hemisphere and the engrams for writing were in his right
      hemisphere. In addition, he comprehended commands for limb motor activities
      (praxis) far better than he comprehended other speech. This suggests that in this
      patient the areas used to comprehend limb motor commands may be anatomically
      distinct from areas important in comprehending other aspects of speech.

PMID- 6839133
TI  - Nature of spelling errors in transcortical sensory aphasia: a case study.
AB  - The nature and extent of spelling errors in a patient with transcortical sensory
      aphasia were investigated. The two experimental conditions required the patient
      to spell monosyllabic and polysyllabic words both verbally and in written form.
      Analysis of the spelling errors revealed partially preserved knowledge of the
      visual image of a word as a whole, as well as preserved knowledge of temporal
      order. Our patient's error patterns in both conditions were more similar than
      dissimilar. These findings in conjunction with results reported in the literature
      indicate that patients exhibiting different aphasia syndromes use separate
      spelling strategies.

PMID- 6839134
TI  - An auditory evoked potential study of consonant perception in different vowel
      environments.
AB  - Auditory evoked responses (AER) to series of consonant--vowel syllables were
      recorded from temporal and parietal scalp locations from 20 right-handed female
      college students. Averaged AERs were submitted to principal components analysis
      and analysis of variance. Seven components of the group's AERs were found to
      reflect various aspects of the stimulus parameters. One component reflected
      changes over only the left hemisphere to different consonants independent of the
      following vowel sound. A second component changed systematically over both
      hemispheres in response to only consonant changes. A third component
      systematically changed for the different consonants depending on the following
      vowel.

PMID- 6839135
TI  - Progressive dysfluency associated with right hemisphere disease.
AB  - A late onset progressive dysfluency following a right hemisphere stroke occurred
      in a 62-year-old male. Dysfluency was characterized by pronounced word and phrase
      reiterations, and sound and syllable reiterations to a lesser degree. Spontaneous
      speech was significantly more dysfluent than oral reading and repetition.
      Recitation and singing were minimally dysfluent. Reiterations were accompanied by
      reduced vocal loudness and increased rate of speech. Reiterations occurred in
      initial, medial, and final sentence position. Secondary symptoms such as facial
      grimacing were absent. In contrast to acquired cortical stuttering which is
      characterized by a preponderance of sound and syllable sentence initial
      repetitions, dysfluency was more closely characteristic of palilalia. The
      dysfluency occurred as a symptom of a diffuse nonspecific subcortical projection
      system defect related to massive infarction in the right middle cerebral artery
      distribution with associated atrophy.

PMID- 6839136
TI  - Language lateralization as measured by dichotic VRT and recognition tasks.
AB  - A dichotic color-naming VRT task and a dichotic digits recognition task were
      administered. The first required the naming of five colors paired with their
      backward pronunciation: the second of five nonsimilar digits. Forty-eight right
      handed male and female subjects were used, controlling for the factors of sex,
      handedness, and familial sinistrality. A highly significant left-ear advantage
      was obtained, suggesting that previous results of dichotic studies may only
      pertain to a limited class of phenomic stimuli. Results implicate different
      cerebral processes in the analysis of familiar and novel auditory and phenomic
      stimuli.

PMID- 6839137
TI  - Syntactic component in language responsible cognitive structure: neurological
      evidence.
AB  - From the results of a broad ranging comprehension test, a hierarchy of difficulty
      emerged that is shared by the two groups of aphasics (Broca's and Wernicke's
      aphasics) and by the control group of normal subjects. The parallelism has been
      interpreted as a confirmation of the hypothesis that syntactic competence is not
      inaccessible either in Wernicke's or in Broca's aphasia. The Minimal Distance
      Principle, as a relevant recognition principle, has been studied, and although
      not confirmed by the scores has been brought to the fore both by the correlations
      between the variables under study and by the correlations with the concomitant
      variables of age and level of education.

PMID- 6839138
TI  - Absence of ear asymmetry in blind children on a dichotic listening task compared
      to sighted controls.
AB  - Previous investigations of blind children's reading of braille have shown that
      braille script is more accurately read by the left hand. This phenomenon is
      conceived of as a reflection of hemispheric specialization, and it is suggested
      that owing to the highly spatial character of the script, braille reading
      involves processes in the right hemisphere to a greater extent than normal visual
      script. The hypothesis is advanced that a group of blind children will exhibit a
      bilateral pattern of ear asymmetry on a dichotic listening task than a control
      group of sighted children. The data from an investigation of 66 children, 8 to 17
      years old, support this hypothesis. It is argued that this result reflects a
      difference in hemispheric laterality between blind and sighted children, and the
      possible cause of this phenomena is discussed in relation to the appropriate
      research.

PMID- 6839139
TI  - Word matching and lexical decisions: a visual half-field study.
AB  - In unilateral Visual Half-Field tasks visuospatial and linguistic processing were
      compared. In a Word Matching task subjects judged the physical identity of
      simultaneously presented pairs of three-letter words or legal nonwords. No
      mainfield effects were found, but word pairs were recognized better and faster as
      "same" than nonword pairs. Latencies and errors in "different" pairs increased
      monotonically with position of letter change in the left but not in the right
      visual field (RVF), suggesting a serial, letter-by-letter way of processing for
      the right hemisphere and a whole word approach for the left. At this perceptual
      level the ability to store lexical information from the icon is stressed as a
      hemisphere-specific factor. In a Lexical Decision task the same subjects judged
      the same items on the word/nonword dimension. A RVF advantage associated with
      words as compared to nonwords occurred, as expected. Additional analysis suggests
      that order and difficulty of tasks may influence females' laterality, as compared
      to that of males.

PMID- 6839140
TI  - Token test performance by dyslexic adolescents.

PMID- 6839142
TI  - Auditory lateralization: an effect of rhythm.
AB  - Recall of monaurally presented semantically anomalous sentences, which had either
      neutral or rhythmic timing, was tested at the right ear, at the left ear, and on
      transfer from one ear to the other. The component words, being computer stored
      digitized waveforms, had identical acoustic structure in the two conditions. In
      the rhythmic condition there was not only an overall advantage in the second half
      of the experiment but also an asymmetric transfer effect such that this advantage
      did not appear when the left ear was tested after the right. It is proposed that
      functional lateralization be viewed as an adaptive, dynamic, organizational
      factor.

PMID- 6839141
TI  - Attentional biases and the right-ear effect in dichotic listening.
AB  - Most dichotic listening experiments permit subjects to deploy attention in any
      way they choose. We argue that this adds uncontrolled variance to the observed
      right-ear advantage. In the first experiment, more robust laterality effects were
      obtained in an identification task with focused than with divided attention. Such
      differences were not found in the second experiment, when a detection procedure
      was used. Virtually all the laterality effect observed in the second study could
      be attributed to subjects who were biased attenders, in the sense that they
      exhibited more intrusions from the right ear to the left than vice versa.
      However, rather than indicating that laterality effects are simply attentional
      bias, this effect can be attributed to an asymmetry of perceptual discrimination.

PMID- 6839143
TI  - Facet theory applied to the construction and validation of the Aachen Aphasia
      Test.
AB  - The linguistic performance of 120 aphasic patients of the four standard syndromes
      assessed by the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) is analyzed by a nonmetric (ordinal)
      multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis, SSA1). The
      linguistic structure of the test items is characterized within the framework of
      L. Guttman's facet theory. Three systematic components (facets) are discerned:
      linguistic modality, unit, and regularity. Properties of the facets as well as
      their relations are assessed and tested empirically by analyzing the
      interrelations among different items or sets of items. The spatial configurations
      obtained by the scaling procedure fit only partially the expectations derived
      from the facet-theory model. The modality facet was found to have a strong
      overriding influence on the aphasic test performance. The facets unit and
      regularity were only found for the most rigorously designed subtests. Written
      Language and Comprehension. The results suggest the introduction of a new
      combined facet linguistic complexity which reflects the dependency of the facets
      regularity and unit.

PMID- 6839144
TI  - Variations in hand position, cerebral lateralization, and reading ability among
      right-handed children.
AB  - A group of 121 right-handed children between the ages of 7 and 9 with a range of
      hand positions between normal and inverted were assessed for verbal and
      visuospatial lateralization and reading comprehension. Results indicate that (a)
      children with a normal hand position tended to be more verbally lateralized than
      children with nonnormal positions, although the effect was not strong or always
      consistent, (b) the closer the child was to the normal position, the higher the
      child's reading scores, and (c) poor readers were as lateralized for verbal and
      visuospatial functions as were good readers. Coupled with the results of previous
      research, these findings suggest that hand position indexes both maturation and
      lateralization, and that the relationship between hand position and reading is
      primarily mediated by the former.

PMID- 6839145
TI  - Written spelling deficit of Broca's aphasics.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the written spelling
      deficit manifested by Broca's aphasics. Four spelling tests were given to eight
      Broca's aphasic patients. Analysis of misspelling errors led the investigators to
      conclude that Broca's aphasics do not spell phonically, but rather adhere
      exclusively to a visual/orthographic strategy. Possible cognitive deficits
      underlying the spelling problem are identified. The written spelling deficit is
      related to other features of the syndrome of Broca's aphasia, and finally,
      speculations are offered concerning the neurological substrate of written
      spelling in Broca's aphasic patients.

PMID- 6839146
TI  - Neuronotrophic activities accumulate in vivo within silicone nerve regeneration
      chambers.

PMID- 6839147
TI  - Sublamination within the superficial gray layer of the squirrel monkey: an
      analysis of the tectopulvinar projection using anterograde and retrograde
      transport methods.
AB  - Anterograde and retrograde tracing methods have been used to analyze the cells of
      origin and the axonal distribution of the tectopulvinar projection in the
      squirrel monkey. Our most interesting finding is that tectopulvinar neurons
      occupy a cytoarchitecturally distinct sublamina of the stratum griseum
      superficiale (SGS) called the lower SGS (SGSL). The distinction between the SGSL
      and the upper SGS (SGSU) is further indicated by the findings of others that the
      SGSL receives different amounts of retinal and cortical input compared to the
      SGSU. Previous physiological studies have also shown that cells in the SGSL
      possess different response characteristics than those in the SGSU. Differences in
      cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and physiological properties
      of the SGSL versus the SGSU indicate that sublaminae are the anatomical mechanism
      which enables different information channels to maintain some degree of autonomy
      within the SGS, and at the same time use the same topographic map within this
      layer.

PMID- 6839148
TI  - Nerve growth factor produces a temporary facilitation of recovery from entorhinal
      cortex lesions.

PMID- 6839149
TI  - Altered brainstem structure of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats.
AB  - Computerized morphometric analysis of soma cross-sectional areas of single
      neurons in selected brainstem nuclei revealed that significant structural
      differences exist between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
      rats. Neuronal sizes were significantly reduced in 5 of 9 brainstem regions of
      SHR's compared to WKY rats. Differences in cell densities were also found.

PMID- 6839150
TI  - Catecholamine varicosities in cat dorsal root ganglion and spinal ventral roots.

PMID- 6839151
TI  - Extension of the rat pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm in continuous darkness and
      on short photoperiod.

PMID- 6839152
TI  - The simultaneous assay of histamine and tele-methylhistamine in the rat brain
      after microwave irradiation and immersion in liquid nitrogen: contamination by
      extraencephalic mast-cell histamine.

PMID- 6839153
TI  - Amygdaloid lesion increases the toxicity of intrahippocampal kainic acid
      injection and reduces the late occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures in
      rats.
AB  - Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) following intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA)
      injection have been described in a previous paper from our laboratory. The SRSs
      are clinically similar to the seizures induced by kindling the amygdala and we
      suggested that the amygdala plays a role in initiating the SRSs. Accordingly, the
      present paper examines the effect of amygdaloid lesions on intrahippocampal KA
      treated rats. There were short- and long-term effects. (1) Short-term: the
      toxicity of KA was increased in lesioned animals. Status epilepticus followed by
      death of the animals was evoked with half of the dose required to cause the same
      effect in intact rats. Moreover, a gross haematuria was encountered 6-12 h after
      KA injection. This was not observed in non-lesioned rats even following the
      highest KA doses. (2) Long-term: amygdaloid lesions delayed the occurrence of the
      SRSs, reduced their incidence and modified their expression. In lesioned animals
      seizures began with a period of tonic immobility with no sign of the masticatory
      movements seen in intact animals. Histological examination of the KA-induced
      lesions did not show any major differences between lesioned and intact animals.
      It is suggested that the short-term effects are due to an unspecific effect on
      homeostatic mechanisms, whereas the long-term ones reflect a specific involvement
      of the amygdala in the late appearing seizures.

PMID- 6839154
TI  - Quantitative histological studies on the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in
      rats: I. Number of cells and synaptic boutons.
AB  - Quantitative histological analysis of serial sections of the adult male rat brain
      gives mean total estimates of the numbers of cells in the magnocellular and
      parvicellular divisions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (PVN) of 6600
      and 11,500, respectively. The numbers and densities (number/mm3) of presynaptic
      bouton profiles have been measured and calculated on electron micrographs of the
      magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (mPVN). There are approximately 18 x 10(6)
      presynaptic boutons in the magnocellular subdivision: 76% of the synaptic boutons
      are axodendritic, 17% axosomatic and 7% are unidentified but include a few axo
      axonic contacts. One third of the boutons contain dense-core vesicles although
      their postsynaptic contacts do not differ from other boutons. The estimated ratio
      of the number of boutons per neuron in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus
      is 2820:1.

PMID- 6839155
TI  - Central injections of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate
      (EOS): effects on brain [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and behavior in rats.
AB  - Brain glucose utilization was examined 24 h after single intracisternal
      injections of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS) in
      rats. Qualitative autoradiography indicated a pronounced and homogeneous
      depression in [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([14C]2DG) uptake throughout the brains of
      rats treated with 200 or 400 micrograms EOS. Quantitative scintillation counting
      of 14C in 9 brain areas of other rats confirmed the marked, generalized decrease
      in label uptake 24 h after EOS. Food intake measurements confirmed previous
      reports of dose-dependent anorexia after EOS. Rats treated with the 200
      micrograms dose showed decreased open-field activity 24 h after injection but no
      other deficits in various tests of sensorimotor function or in tail-pinch-induced
      feeding. Rats treated with the 400 micrograms dose also showed deficits in open
      field activity, plus deficits in orientation to touch stimuli, longer latencies
      than controls in catalepsy tests, and faster habituation of startle responses to
      sound. This group showed normal feeding responses to tail-pinch stimulation in
      the presence of solid food but not in the presence of liquid food. It was
      concluded that sensorimotor deficits may play some role in the anorexigenic
      effects of EOS but are probably not their primary cause. The discrepancy between
      the apparent degree of depression of brain glucose utilization and the
      comparatively mild behavioral deficits observed would suggest the possibility
      that metabolic fuels other than glucose may be mobilized following central EOS
      treatment.

PMID- 6839156
TI  - Entopeduncular nucleus projections to the contralateral thalamic nuclei: an HRP
      study.

PMID- 6839157
TI  - The organization of connections between the pulvinar and visual area MT in the
      macaque monkey.
AB  - Injections of horseradish peroxidase were placed in visual area MT which is
      located in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey occipital cortex.
      Overlapping retrogradely filled cells and anterogradely transported terminal
      grains were found to be located only within a crescent shaped region which
      traverses the brachium of the superior colliculus to include the inferior
      pulvinar and dorsal overlying lateral pulvinar. The connections between MT and
      the pulvinar crescent are reciprocal and topographically organized, with the
      lower visual field represented dorsally and the upper visual field represented
      ventrally. There is an expanded representation of central vision located caudally
      within the crescent while peripheral vision is represented rostrally. These
      findings indicate that any functional properties derived from the visual thalamus
      must arise from this crescent shaped region of the pulvinar.

PMID- 6839158
TI  - Retinal projections in the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri.
AB  - The retinal projections of hagfish were investigated by anterograde transport of
      HRP and the Nauta-Gygax method. The pathway coincided with the commissura
      postoptica of Jansen after complete crossing within the hypothalamus. Many
      projections were found in the contralateral 'area pretectalis', but there were
      only a few projections in the tectum mesencephali, the pars ventralis thalami,
      and the n. tuberculi posterioris of Jansen.

PMID- 6839159
TI  - Experimental studies on the olfactory marker protein. III. The olfactory marker
      protein in the olfactory neuroepithelium lacking connections with the forebrain.
AB  - Total unilateral bulbectomy induces degeneration of the mature olfactory neurons
      and disappearance of the olfactory marker protein from the primary sensory
      pathway. Owing to the presence of a neurogenetic matrix in the neuroepithelium,
      reconstitution of a new population of neuronal elements occurs. In this
      experiment, connections of the regrown olfactory axons with the spared forebrain
      are barred by the formation of scar tissue. In spite of the absence of a target,
      new neurons differentiate and produce olfactory marker protein.

PMID- 6839160
TI  - Embryonic neural transplants across a major histocompatibility barrier: survival
      and specificity of innervation.
AB  - The ability of embryonic tissue to survive cross-transplantation between
      histologically incompatible rat strains was examined by transplanting septal
      neurons from Sprague Dawley fetuses to adult Wistar rats (Ag-B6 to Ag-B2
      histocompatibility haplotype). Transplants were found to survive without
      rejection over a period of 3 months. Furthermore, the laminar pattern of
      cholinergic innervation was similar to that of homogenic septal transplants and
      of intrinsic septal projections. These results suggest that embryonic neural
      tissue transplanted across major histocompatibility barriers are capable of
      survival for extended periods of time, and are in support of the concept of the
      privileged nature of embryonic tissue as a source of material for cross
      transplantation.

PMID- 6839161
TI  - Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic projections to amygdala from substantia nigra
      and ventral tegmental area.
AB  - The projections from the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA)
      to the amygdala of the rat were examined by simultaneous visualization of
      catecholamine (CA) histofluorescence and retrograde tracer. CA-containing cells
      in lateral VTA, medial SN and the dorsal edge of SN pars compacta were labeled by
      injections of propidium iodide (PI) into the amygdala. While CA-containing cells
      were present in SN pars lateralis (SNl), those cells which were labeled by
      injections into the amygdala did not contain CA. There is, thus, a significant
      non-DA projection from SNl to the amygdala.

PMID- 6839162
TI  - Comparison of ultrastructural changes in proximal and distal segments of
      transected giant fibers of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
AB  - When the giant axons of the cockroach Periplaneta americana are transected the
      proximal segment (the part connected to the soma) regenerates by tip sprouting
      and the distal segment degenerates. The initial ultrastructural response (24-48 h
      post-transection) occurring in the cut ends of the proximal and distal segments
      are similar. This response includes the disappearance of neurotubules; appearance
      of amorphous material in the axoplasm and a gradual accumulation of large numbers
      of small mitochondria, vesicles of various sizes and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. The axolemma in the region of organelle accumulation invaginates and
      glial processes are present in the invagination. The similarity of the changes
      that occur in the cut ends of the proximal and distal segments indicates that the
      primary reaction to axotomy is of a local nature and does not depend on the soma.
      Two to four days after transection, the cut end of the distal axonal segment
      reveals signs of degeneration. These include the appearance of swollen
      mitochondria, lysosomes, myelinated bodies and shrinking of the axon. In addition
      there is a massive proliferation of glial processes around the degenerating
      axons. Sprouting from the tip of the proximal segment starts 5--7 days post
      axotomy. Sprouts were identified as profiles containing few neurotubules, many
      vesicles and abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 'Growth cone-like' structures
      were identified. The ultrastructural reorganization of the cut end of the
      proximal segment is discussed in relation to changes in membrane properties of
      the regenerating tip, as previously described by us.

PMID- 6839163
TI  - A daily vasopressin rhythm in rat cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was serially withdrawn in individual, unanesthetized,
      unrestrained rats and assayed for vasopressin using a sensitive and specific
      radioimmunoassay. A prominent daily rhythm in the CSF concentrations of this
      peptide was found under diurnal lighting conditions. Low levels during the dark
      period alternated with high values during the light period; the rhythm appeared
      to anticipate the artificial 'dawn' and 'dusk' by a few hours. An 8-h phase shift
      in diurnal lighting caused a corresponding phase shift in the CSF rhythm. In
      addition, the rhythm persisted for at least 10 days in the absence of periodic
      environmental lighting cues in animals blinded by bilateral orbital enucleation;
      the rhythm was disrupted after 10 days of constant light. Blood vasopressin
      concentrations did not show a daily rhythm. Our results indicate that the daily
      vasopressin rhythm in rodent CSF is endogenously generated and that its phase is
      synchronized to the environmental light-dark cycle.

PMID- 6839165
TI  - Long term regeneration of contralateral and induced ipsilateral retinal
      projections to the remaining optic tectum of Rutilus rutilus.
AB  - The regeneration of optic tract fibers hs been investigated in Rutilus kept at 18
      20 degrees C, 6-7 months after ablation of one optic tectum and simultaneous
      section of the optic nerve from the contralateral eye. The labeling of the optic
      fibers obtained following injection of either tritiated proline or HRP in either
      of the eyes showed the existence of a normal contralateral retino-tectal
      projection to strata opticum, fibrosum et griseum superficial (SFGS), griseum
      centrale, and album centrale. Furthermore, it demonstrated the presence of a
      conspicuous newly-formed ipsilateral retino-tectal projection to both superficial
      and deep layers of SFGS in the form of horizontal bands. The partial overlapping
      of ipsi- and contralateral projections in SFGS was confirmed by a double-labeling
      technique (HRP and tritiated proline). The results suggest a retinal
      hyperinnervation of the remaining optic tectum.

PMID- 6839164
TI  - Genetic relation between the performance in a two-way avoidance task and
      increased emotionality following septal lesions.
AB  - Large radio frequency septal lesions were performed on male Roman low (RLA/Verh)
      and high (RHA/Verh) avoidance rats. It was found that the genetic low-avoiders
      displayed higher acute postoperative irritability than the genetic high-avoiders.
      This result had been predicted a-priori from an independent set of data, relating
      the ability to master active avoidance inversely to general emotionality and
      readiness to engage in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), and from research
      demonstrating a genetic correlation between the severity of the septsal syndrome,
      and the readiness to engage in ICSS. On the sixth postoperative day, all animals
      were tested for their performance in a standard shuttle box avoidance task. It
      was found that septal lesions did not affect the performance of either the low or
      high genetic avoiders, which behaved as expected from their respective genotypes.

PMID- 6839166
TI  - Primary vagal nerve projections to the lateral descending trigeminal nucleus in
      boidae (Python molurus and Boa constrictor).
AB  - The primary vagal axons and terminals within the lateral descending trigeminal
      tract (dlv) and nucleus (DLV) of two species of Boidae are studied following HRP
      injections of the vagal nerve. Labeled fibers and terminals are found in the tail
      portion of the dlv and DLV, partly forming a neuropil at its margin. The labeled
      thin fibers and neuropil seem to correspond to the C-fibers and marginal neuropil
      of Crotalinae.

PMID- 6839167
TI  - The intrinsic organization of the vestibular complex: evidence for internuclear
      connectivity.
AB  - The HRP anterograde and retrograde labeling techniques provide evidence for
      extensive internuclear connectivity within the vestibular complex. Specifically:
      (1) the superior vestibular nucleus is topographically and reciprocally related
      to the spinal (spr) and medial vestibular nuclei (mv); (2) the lateral vestibular
      nucleus (lv) is reciprocally related to the mv, and (3) the lv receives afferent
      fibers from the spv but does not reciprocate this input.

PMID- 6839168
TI  - Noradrenergic projections to the spinal cord of the rat.
AB  - Noradrenergic terminals were identified in the spinal cord of rats by
      immunocytochemical staining for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Although
      immunoreactive fibers and terminals were observed throughout the spinal grey
      matter, heavier accumulations of terminal labeling were observed in the marginal
      layer of the dorsal horn, in the ventral horn among motoneurons, and in the
      autonomic lateral cell columns of the thoracic and sacral spinal cord. Two
      specific retrograde transport techniques were employed to identify the origins of
      these noradrenergic terminations in the spinal cord. Cells of origin were
      observed in the locus coeruleus, the subcoeruleus, the medial and lateral
      parabrachial, and the Kolliker-Fuse nuclei, as well as adjacent to the superior
      olivary nucleus. These regions correspond to the A5-A7 cell groups of the pons.
      No spinally projecting noradrenergic cells were ever observed in the medulla. It
      was concluded that pontine noradrenergic cell groups are the sole source of
      noradrenergic terminals in the spinal cord.

PMID- 6839170
TI  - The quantitative bioassay of nerve growth factor: use of frozen 'primed' PC12
      pheochromocytoma cells.
AB  - A quantitative bioassay for nerve growth factor (NGF) has been previously
      described which employs PC13 rat pheochromocytoma cells. The basis of this assay
      is that rapid neurite regeneration by PC12 cells pretreated ('primed') with NGF
      for at least a week is quantitatively related to the amount of NGF present in the
      culture medium. The present experiments demonstrate that NGF-pretreated PC12
      cells retain their priming for over a year when appropriately frozen and stored
      and that such frozen cells can be employed for the quantitative bioassay of NGF.
      The major advantage of this assay is that large numbers of cells can be primed at
      a time (in suspension culture) and stored in aliquots until future use. The newly
      described bioassay employs the frozen primed cells essentially as reagents and
      avoids the need to have freshly primed cultures on hand.

PMID- 6839169
TI  - Radial maze performance in three strains of mice: role of the fimbria/fornix.
AB  - Three strains of mice were tested on an 8-arm radial maze, an index of
      hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Levels of performance differed between
      strains with C57Br/cj greater than Balb/cj greater than C57Bl/6j. Lesions of the
      fimbria/fornix disrupted performance in the C57Br and Balb strains: the C57Bl
      mice never performed better than chance before or after surgery. Choline
      acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus was not correlated with radial maze
      performance. These findings suggest a possible genetic contribution towards
      radial maze behavior.

PMID- 6839172
TI  - Visual activity in the telencephalon of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta.
AB  - Multiple unit activity in response to visual stimulation was recorded in the
      following telencephalic areas of the painted turtle: lateral and medial divisions
      of the dorsal cortex, lateral and medial divisions of the dorsal ventricular
      ridge, and the striatum. The data confirm anatomical evidence for ascending
      visual input to the dorsal cortex, the lateral dorsal ventricular ridge and the
      striatum. The identification of a new visual zone in a medial division of the
      dorsal ventricular ridge suggests that turtles, and perhaps other reptiles,
      possess at least 3 visual pallial areas.

PMID- 6839173
TI  - Preliminary characterization of synaptic vesicle/calmodulin interaction.
AB  - The association of calmodulin with brain synaptic vesicle proteins was analyzed.
      Scatchard analysis of [125I]calmodulin binding to brain synaptic vesicles
      revealed one high-affinity, low-binding-capacity, Kd = 1.0 (+/- 0.15) nM, Bmax =
      4.1 (+/- 0.6) pmol/mg, and one low-affinity high-binding-capacity site, Kd = 177.
      (+/- 12.0) nM and Bmax = 202 (+/- 15.0) pmol/mg. Triton X-100 solubilization of
      synaptic vesicle proteins and subsequent elution on a Sepharose-4B-CNBr
      calmodulin affinity column demonstrated that two protein doublets of approximate
      MrS 55 K and 30 K were the major synaptic vesicle calmodulin binding proteins. In
      addition there were two minor calmodulin binding singlet polypeptides with MrS 62
      K and 40 K. Calmodulin stimulated endogenous synaptic vesicle protein kinase,
      Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+ uptake activities. Phosphorylation assays coupled with
      immunological studies using affinity-purified antibodies suggested that the
      synaptic vesicle Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase migrated in the 30 K Mr
      region.

PMID- 6839171
TI  - The relationship of local cerebral glucose utilization to optical density ratios.
AB  - The validity of optical density ratios used in [14C]2-deoxyglucose
      neuroanatomical mapping experiments is evaluated by comparing local cerebral
      glucose utilization (LCGU) and optical density (OD) ratios in the same animals.
      OD ratios are calculated by dividing the optical density of different gray matter
      structures by the optical density of a single white matter structure in each
      animal. OD ratios are linearly related to LCGU within a given animal including
      stimulated, highly activated regions. Anesthesia profoundly affects the
      relationship between LCGU and OD ratios, however, showing that OD ratios do not
      provide an accurate index of LCGU between animals in different physiological
      states. Anesthesia had only a slight effect on OD ratios, however, indicating
      that OD ratios may be helpful in assessing whether structures are functionally
      activated between animals in different physiological states.

PMID- 6839174
TI  - Extracellular potassium and the regulation of acetylcholine receptor synthesis in
      embryonic chick muscle cells.
AB  - The effect of elevated extracellular potassium on acetylcholine receptor
      synthesis was studied in chick embryonic muscle cultures. At physiological ionic
      strength, potassium chloride, in the 3.3 to 50 mM range, gave rise to a complex
      dose-response curve whose prominent features are a considerable reduction of
      receptor appearance rate at 20 mM and a more than 2-fold increase at higher
      concentrations. The effect of potassium chloride on receptor synthesis appears to
      be fairly specific: neither was there a duplication of its effect by other
      electrolytes or solutes, nor did it alter total protein synthesis or receptor
      stability by more than 30% at any concentration tested; cellular
      acetylcholinesterase levels actually declined with increasing KCl concentrations.
      In order to explore the mechanism of the potassium effect, tetrodotoxin (10(-6)
      M), veratridine (3 X 10(-6) M), D-600 (1.6 X 10(-5) M), and ryanodine (3 X 10(-7)
      M) were tested in the presence of various concentrations of potassium. Sodium
      channel toxins as well as calcium effectors modified the potassium response.
      Based on these findings we propose that the effects of potassium are due to: (a)
      cessation of spontaneous muscle activity upon raising KCl from 3 to 10 mM; (b)
      depolarization of the muscle membrane and persistent activation of a calcium
      channel as concentration is raised from 10 to 20 mM; (c) finally, inactivation or
      desensitization of the calcium channel, or some other signaling element proximal
      to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, upon further depolarization.

PMID- 6839175
TI  - Effects of dopaminergic stimulation on functional brain metabolism in rats with
      unilateral substantia nigra lesions.

PMID- 6839176
TI  - The role of the ventral noradrenergic bundle in relation to endorphins in the
      control of core temperature, open-field and ingestive behaviour in the rat.
AB  - Discrete, bilateral, radiofrequency destruction of the ventral noradrenergic
      bundle (VB) resulted in a pronounced fall in levels of noradrenaline in the
      hypothalamus but not in the cortex. On days 4 and 12, but not 28, post-surgery,
      VB-lesioned rats were hyperactive (rearing and ambulation) upon exposure to a
      novel open-field space. This hyperactivity was greatly attenuated by naloxone,
      which did not significantly modify sham activity. These data suggest that the VB
      may be involved in the control of locomotor-exploratory activity via an
      interaction with an endorphinergic system. On day 4, but not 12 or 25, VB
      lesioned rats displayed a significant elevation in core temperature (Tc). No
      difference in the hyperthermia elicited by introduction into the open-field was,
      however, seen between VB-lesioned and sham rats on day 4. In both groups, this
      rise in Tc was strongly attenuated by naloxone. These data indicate that the VB
      may be involved in the control of Tc but that it does not mediate novelty-stress
      evoked hyperthermia, for which endorphins are primarily responsible. Within 7
      days post-surgery, VB-lesioned rats developed an enhancement of daily food intake
      which led to a slight obesity. From day 15 onward, a hyperdipsia was also seen in
      VB-lesioned rats. Naltrexone reduced the food and water intake of both sham and
      VB-lesioned animals but failed to totally block this hyperphagia. It is suggested
      that the VB is involved in the regulation of daily ingestive behaviour and that
      endorphins do not exclusively mediate the VB-lesion induced hyperphagia.

PMID- 6839177
TI  - Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
      during acquisition of discriminative avoidance behavior in rabbits.
AB  - Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal (MD)
      thalamic nucleus was recorded during discriminative conditioning of a locomotory
      avoidance response in rabbits. A major objective was to compare the results with
      those previously obtained from the posterior limbic (cingulate) cortex, and the
      anteroventral (AV) thalamic nucleus. The results indicated the development, with
      training, of discriminative neuronal activity, i.e., greater neuronal discharges
      to presentation of the positive conditional stimulus (CS+, a tone paired with a
      footshock unconditional stimulus), relative to the negative conditional stimulus
      (CS-, a tone not paired with the footshock). The rostral-sulcal subfield of the
      PFC developed the discriminative activity during the first session of
      conditioning, prior to the acquisition of discriminative behavioral responding.
      This effect persisted throughout training to the asymptote of behavioral
      acquisition. The medial subdivision of the MD nucleus, with which the rostral
      sulcal PFC is interconnected, did not develop discriminative effects. The caudal
      (supragenual) subfield of the PFC also developed discriminative activity in the
      first session of training but the effect declined progressively in the remaining
      acquisition sessions. The lateral subdivision of the MD nucleus, with which the
      caudal PFC is interconnected, manifested robust discriminative activity in the
      late acquisition sessions, concomitant with acquisition of significant behavioral
      discrimination. Thus, as in the cingulate cortical AV nuclear system, a
      corticothalamic sequential progression of discriminative activity occurred in the
      PFC-MD nuclear system during behavioral acquisition. However, the effect was
      confined to one subsystem: the caudal subfield of the PFC and the lateral
      subdivision of the MD nucleus. Also, discriminative activity developed more
      rapidly in the PFC than in the cingulate cortex, and it developed more rapidly in
      the MD nucleus than in the AV nucleus. Implications are considered concerning the
      contributions to learning and memory processes, of the PFC-MD thalamic system.

PMID- 6839178
TI  - Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
      during reversal learning of discriminative avoidance behavior in rabbits.
AB  - Multiple-unit activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal (MD)
      thalamic nucleus was recorded during reversal training following differential
      conditioning of a locomotory (wheel rotation) avoidance response in rabbits. The
      positive and negative conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were pure tones and the
      unconditional stimulus (UCS) was footshock. A major objective was to compare the
      activity in the PFC and MD nucleus with that in the neighboring cingulate
      cortical and anteroventral (AV) thalamic system, studied previously. During the
      first session of reversal training the rostral-sulcal subfield of the PFC
      manifested significant discriminative activity appropriate to the original habit,
      i.e., a greater discharge to the original CS+ than to the original CS-. The
      difference between the CS+ and CS- elicited discharges diminished as reversal
      learning progressed, but discriminative activity appropriate to the reversal
      problem did not develop. The medial subdivision of the MD nucleus which is
      interconnected reciprocally with the rostral-sulcal PFC subfield did not manifest
      discriminative activity during reversal training (nor had it done so during
      original learning). The caudal subfield of the PFC (which had shown rapidly
      developing acquisition of the discriminative discharges followed by diminution of
      the discriminative discharges during original training) manifested an original
      discriminative effect in the initial session of reversal training followed by the
      reverse discriminative discharge in the criterial session. The lateral
      subdivision of the MD nucleus which is interconnected reciprocally with the
      caudal PFC subfield, also manifested the original discriminative effect in the
      initial session of reversal training, followed by the reverse discriminative
      effect during the subsequent (precriterial and criterial) sessions. Thus, as in
      the AV nucleus, the lateral MD subdivision showed earlier and more robust
      development of discriminative activity appropriate to the reversal problem, than
      its cortical counterpart. The present results also suggested that cerebral
      cortical areas such as the caudal PFC, which transfer discriminative activity to
      their respective thalamic nuclei during discriminative acquisition, are
      subsequently more likely to manifest the reverse discriminative activity, than
      are cortical areas such as the rostral-sulcal subfields of the PFC, which do not
      transfer their discriminative activity.

PMID- 6839179
TI  - Radial component of central myelin in shiverer mouse.
AB  - 'Radial component' of the central myelin was investigated in a neurological
      mutant mouse, shiverer, which is characterized by the lack of myelin basic
      protein and paucity of the major dense line in the CNS myelin. As has been noted
      previously in the normal as well as other neurological mutant mice, radial
      component consisted of rows of interlamellar tight junctions and was accompanied
      with electron lucent linear structures (ELLS) over the major dense lines. In the
      areas where major dense line had formed in shiverer CNS myelin, numerous ELLS run
      across the major dense lines and were not always associated with a fusion of
      double intraperiod lines. The possible role of ELLS in myelin formation is
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 6839180
TI  - Cerebral involvement in dehydration-induced natriuresis.
AB  - Water deprivation caused daily urinary Na output to more than double in normal
      sheep, but caused no increase in Na excretion in sheep (A3VL-sheep) in which the
      anterior third ventricle wall had been ablated. Dehydrated A3VL-sheep exhibited a
      much greater degree of hypernatremia than dehydrated normal sheep, although water
      losses were similar in both groups. We postulate that the natriuresis induced by
      dehydration is a cerebrally mediated homeostatic response.

PMID- 6839181
TI  - The effects of disconnecting the subfornical organ on behavioral and
      physiological responses to alterations of body sodium.
AB  - Rats with knife cuts transecting the subfornical organ efferent projections were
      examined for behavioral and renal responses to experimental alterations in body
      sodium. Lack of subfornical organ efferent projections did not impair behavioral
      and renal compensatory responses either in the latency to respond or in magnitude
      of the response.

PMID- 6839182
TI  - Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy,
      pathways and local organization.

PMID- 6839183
TI  - Growth hormone and triiodothyronine permit an increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2D
      concentrations in response to dietary phosphate deprivation in hypophysectomized
      rats.

PMID- 6839184
TI  - Bovine high molecular weight amelogenin proteins.
AB  - The existence of high molecular weight amelogenins in the matrix of developing
      fetal bovine dental enamel was investigated. After ion-exchange and gel
      filtration chromatography, a 40,000 dalton amelogenin protein has been isolated.
      This species was homogeneous on both guanidine hydrochloride gel filtration and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, but heterogeneous on
      conventional gel electrophoresis. This high molecular weight amelogenin may be a
      precursor to the complex of smaller sized amelogenins characteristic of the
      secretory phase of enamel formation.

PMID- 6839185
TI  - Regulation of epiphyseal cartilage metabolism and morphology in the chronic
      diabetic rat.

PMID- 6839186
TI  - Failure of thymic grafts to stimulate resorption of bone in the Fatty/Orl-op rat.
AB  - An infusion of compatible normal bone marrow stimulated bone resorption in both
      unthymectomized and thymectomized Fatty/Orl-op osteopetrotic rats. Bone
      resorption was not stimulated by compatible normal thymic grafts in either
      unthymectomized or thymectomized mutants. It is concluded that the thymus is not
      fundamental in the cure of osteopetrosis in this strain of osteopetrotic rat and
      that the defect lies in myeloid rather than thymic regulation of osteoclastic
      function.

PMID- 6839187
TI  - Variations in the serum concentration and urine excretion of alpha 2HS
      glycoprotein, a bone-related protein, in normal individuals and in patients with
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The concentration of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was measured in the serum and urine
      of normal individuals and of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. The serum
      concentration of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was higher in normal children than in
      adults. In women values showed a progressive age-related decrease, from 632 mg/l
      at 21-30 years to 573 mg/l at 51-60 years. In men there was no such age-related
      variation, and values were higher than in women of comparable age; the mean value
      for men aged 20-60 years was 648 mg/l. Of 48 patients with osteogenesis
      imperfecta, 11 had an abnormally high concentration of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein in
      serum; the cause of this is not clear. In urine of 24 normal individuals the mean
      value of the ratio albumin: alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was 20 +/- 3; in serum the
      corresponding ratio was 70. Urine excretion of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was lowest
      in female children (132 +/- 29 micrograms/24 h) and highest in male adults (592
      +/- 91 micrograms/24 h); values in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta did not
      differ from normal.

PMID- 6839188
TI  - Mast-cell proliferation in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Because mast cell proliferation has been reported in disorders of abnormal bone
      remodeling, we quantitated the number of mast cells in undecalcified section of
      iliac crest bone from 16 untreated women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and
      contrasted the findings to values from 10 normal women and 12 normal men. The
      mean number of marrow mast cells was greater in normal women than men (1.17 vs
      0.40 cells per mm2, P less than 0.05). Compared to the normal women, osteoporotic
      women had a greater number of mast cells in the marrow (3.38 vs 1.17 cells per
      mm2, P less than 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant
      correlation between the number of marrow mast cells and either the patient's age
      or the severity of the bone lesions, as assessed by histomorphometry. Our
      findings confirm the association between increased numbers of mast cells and
      postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 6839189
TI  - Stereochemically altered noncollagenous protein from human dentin.
AB  - Highly phosphorylated noncollagenous proteins (NCP) with molecular weights of
      approximately 70-100,000 daltons have been purified from rat and bovine dentin.
      Efforts to isolate phosphoprotein from human teeth have not yielded consistent
      results, and failures have been attributed to proteolysis due to preparative
      techniques. Diagenetic reactions affecting metabolically stable proteins in vivo
      also can interfere in protein purification. Racemization is one of the reactions
      known to take place in human dentin. EDTA extraction of dentin from an age-graded
      series of human teeth has yielded an EDTA-soluble NCP fraction having an aspartic
      acid racemization rate 3 X that in unfractionated dentin and 8 X the rate in EDTA
      insoluble protein. D-Aspartic acid is accumulating in EDTA-S protein at a rate of
      0.22% yr-1. For humans, more than 13% of the aspartyl residues in NCP will be the
      D-enantiomer by 60 years of age. While racemization presents no problem for
      shorter lived mammals, such as rats, it could be partly responsible for
      purification difficulties with human dentin.

PMID- 6839190
TI  - Correlated physiochemical and age changes in embryonic bovine enamel.
AB  - Whole enamel scrapings from unerupted teeth of embryonic calves have been
      separated into fractions of varying density by stepwise centrifugation in
      bromoform-toluene mixtures of increasing specific gravity. Partition of enamel in
      this manner yields individual fractions of increasing mineral phase age and
      maturation. Whole scrapings and isolated fractions of the fetal bovine enamel
      were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and
      atomic absorption and infrared spectroscopy to determine time-related changes in
      the physiochemical nature of the constituent mineral phase particles. These
      analyses showed poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) as the only detectable
      solid phase of calcium phosphate present in all fractions, its degree of
      crystallinity increasing with increasing density. Molar Ca/P ratios and magnesium
      content were highest in lowest density fractions. Carbonate vibration bands at
      875 and 1420-1450 cm-1, common to mineralized tissue, were observed in
      intermediate and higher density fractions and in whole unfractionated enamel.
      Another carbonate band at approximately 705 cm-1, unusual to vertebrate calcified
      tissue, was detected in low density fractions and disappeared rapidly with
      increasing enamel maturation. Its precise relation with the enamel mineral phase
      has not been determined.

PMID- 6839191
TI  - Bone metabolism in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis: a case report.
AB  - A previously healthy 12-year-old boy developed pain on walking and x-rays showed
      osteoporosis. Over the next 2 years deterioration occurred, the condition became
      extremely severe, and he was confined to a wheelchair. After 5 years, marked
      kyphoscoliosis and pigeon chest deformity were present and little increase in
      height occurred. A wheelchair accident at the age of 17 resulted in several major
      long bone fractures. Iliac crest biopsies were taken at ages 15 and 17, and
      subjected to quantitative histology. A histochemical technique for osteoclast
      recognition by acid phosphatase activity showed resorption parameters to be
      normal. Double tetracycline labeling and histochemical identification of
      osteoblasts showed no abnormality of endosteal bone formation. Because of
      "coupling" of endosteal formation and resorption, these measurements might
      primarily reflect bone turnover. Failure of periosteal bone formation as shown by
      failure of radial growth of long bones and of epiphyseal growth was clearly
      evident. It is likely that osteoporosis developed in this patient due to a
      reduction in bone formation of unknown etiology rather than by increased bone
      resorption.

PMID- 6839192
TI  - F--CO3(2-)-interaction in IR spectra of fluoridated CO3-apatites.
AB  - Spectroscopic properties of fluoridated CO3-apatites were studied by means of
      infrared (IR) absorption analysis. The peak of the IR band caused by CO32-ions at
      875 cm-1 shifted to a lower frequency with the degree of fluoridation. This
      result suggests that there is a significant interaction between F and CO32-ions
      in the apatite crystals. The interaction of both these ions is discussed with
      regard to the solubility behavior of fluoridated CO3- apatites in the acetate
      buffer solution at pH 4.0 and at 37 degrees C. Solubility of these fluoridated
      CO3-apatites approached that of fluoridated hydroxyapatites at high fluoride
      content.

PMID- 6839193
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on osteoclasts generated in cat bone marrow cultures.
AB  - The generation of osteoclasts in cultures of cat bone marrow was completely
      inhibited for 4 weeks with 10(-6)M hydrocortisone (HC) and partially inhibited
      with 10(-7) to 10(-9)M in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect was completely
      reversible when cultures were exposed for only 2 weeks to 10(-9) or 10(-8)M HC.
      However, cultures in which higher concentrations (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) were
      maintained for the same period did not show complete recovery in terms of numbers
      of osteoclasts and number of nuclei per cell after withdrawal of HC, suggesting
      that precursor cells of osteoclasts were also damaged by HC. To study the effects
      of HC on osteoclasts already present in the cultures, 10(-6)M was added to 4-week
      old untreated cultures. The number of osteoclasts decreased rapidly and a gross
      morphological response was also apparent (rounding of the cells leading to
      detachment from the substratum and inhibition of cell fusion), indicating that
      the generation as well as the survival of osteoclasts in vitro are sensitive to
      HC. The morphological changes observed under optical and electron microscopy
      correspond to those of the reported inactive form of osteoclasts, and suggest
      that their function may also be altered by HC.

PMID- 6839196
TI  - Genetic analysis of the BB/W diabetic rat.
AB  - A large colony of BB/W diabetic rats has been developed as a research model for
      insulin dependent, type 1 diabetes mellitus. The foundation stock had 8%
      diabetics which appeared in a sporadic manner. The Worcester (W) colony was
      inbred by brother X sister matings for 11 generations and the proportion of
      diabetics increased to over 50%. The age of detection varies from 46 to 250 days.
      For selection purposes, classification was made at 120 days, which means that 15
      to 20% potential diabetics were classified as normal. Evidence from different
      analyses indicates that the inheritance of diabetes is by a recessive gene or
      gene cluster with 50% penetrance at 120 days. The selection of breeding stock
      from diabetic parents raised the proportion of diabetics produced by two normal
      parents from 12 to 43%. Diallel tests show that diabetic and normal offspring of
      two diabetic parents have the same diabetic genotype. Outcrosses to other strains
      of rat indicate that the trait is transferred as a recessive with only 3%
      diabetics recovered in the F2 where noninbred BB stock was used as the diabetic
      source, and 36% where partially inbred BB/W was used as the diabetic parent.
      Since the proportion of diabetics produced by all types of crosses has changed,
      and may continue to change with changes in the genetic background, we have used
      the operational term penetrance to describe the frequency of diabetes in
      individuals homozygous for the diabetes gene cluster. At present the penetrance
      at 120 days is 59% in the BB/W colony.

PMID- 6839195
TI  - Skeletal retention of 45Ca and 85Sr compared: further studies on intravenously
      injected 85Sr as a tracer for skeletal calcium.

PMID- 6839194
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of various bisphosphonates.
AB  - A variety of bisphosphonates with aliphatic side chains of increasing length, as
      well as 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP, formerly APD),
      dichloromethylene-bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP, formerly Cl2MDP), and dibromomethylene
      bisphosphonate (Br2MBP, formerly Br2MDP), were compared in vitro and in vivo to
      find (a) a possible relationship between structure and activity in order to give
      some indication about their mechanism(s) of action on bone and (b) the most
      efficient and safe compound having an effect on bone resorption. Some
      relationship was found between inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in
      vitro and of mineralization in vivo. No correlation existed, however, between any
      parameter measured and bone resorption. The number of calvaria cells in culture
      was decreased by compounds with a chain length greater than 5-C, by AHPrBP,
      Cl2MBP, and Br2MBP. Lactate production by these cells in vitro was increased by
      the long chain bisphosphonates and AHPrBP, and was decreased by Cl2MBP. No good
      correlation existed between the inhibition of bone resorption measured in vitro
      on calvaria and that seen in vivo on rat tibiae metaphyses. The latter was
      inhibited the most efficiently by the bisphosphonates longer than 5-C and by
      AHPrBP; these were 10 times more effective than Cl2MBP. Taking into account all
      factors, 1-hydroxypentylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and AHPrBP seem to be the most
      active compounds to inhibit bone resorption.

PMID- 6839197
TI  - Autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis: glaucoma management.
AB  - In a family of 55 people in seven generations 28 were known to be affected with
      autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis. Their glaucoma was characterized by
      early onset of high intraocular pressures, lability of the pressure both with and
      without medical treatment, poor response to such treatment and resistance of the
      optic nerve head to damage even into early middle age. Among the surgical
      procedures undertaken, goniotomy was not successful but, oddly, iridencleisis
      was. All indications were that surgery could be delayed into adult life.

PMID- 6839198
TI  - Comparison of iris fixation and anterior chamber intraocular lens implants.
AB  - The visual results and complications with iris fixation and anterior chamber
      lenses were compared by studying 289 consecutive implantations, most performed by
      intracapsular techniques. The visual results were equivalent with the two types
      of lens, but cystoid macular edema, corneal edema, uveitis, steroid-induced
      ocular hypertension and lens dislocation were more frequent among the 176 eyes
      with iris fixation lenses. The rates of other complications were approximately
      equal in the two groups of eyes. Among the patients with cystoid macular edema
      21.2% of those with iris fixation lenses but none of those with anterior chamber
      lenses had a long-term visual acuity of less than 20/200. Retinal detachment was
      less frequent in both groups of eyes than one would expect in an aphakic
      population. Thus, with intracapsular surgery anterior chamber lenses appear to
      afford many advantages.

PMID- 6839199
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the posterior cerebral hemispheres.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain usually present with acute
      hemorrhage or epilepsy. Of 54 patients with AVMs limited to the posterior
      cerebral hemispheres some 60% had intermittent or acute visual symptoms. Most had
      homonymous hemianopia. Because of the possible neurologic consequences of an AVM
      it is important to distinguish the headaches and visual symptoms of this lesion
      from those of classic migraine, a more common condition. In this paper this
      differentiation and the pathogenesis of the symptoms are reviewed.

PMID- 6839200
TI  - Bilateral superior oblique palsy: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 6839202
TI  - Effects of dark adaptation on implicit time in the clinical electroretinogram.
AB  - Electroretinograms were recorded from 11 normal human subjects during dark
      adaptation, either in full dark adaptation or in the presence of light
      backgrounds of various intensities. Although the amplitude varied considerably
      depending on the state of dark adaptation, the timing of the response appeared to
      be much less influenced. For practical purposes, in the absence of a significant
      background the timing of the response can be considered constant for a given
      intensity of stimulation, whatever the state of adaptation.

PMID- 6839201
TI  - Eye signs in 611 cases of posterior fossa aneurysms: their diagnostic and
      prognostic value.
AB  - This review of 611 cases of aneurysms in the posterior fossa managed by one
      neurosurgeon between 1965 and 1980 shows that eye signs are important indications
      for investigation and may lead to earlier detection and treatment of the
      aneurysm. They were present in 50% of the patients. Major defects in ocular
      motility or the visual field were present preoperatively in 57 of the 64 patients
      with unfavourable surgical results--postoperative death or total physical
      dependency. Of the same 64 patients 55% (35) had "giant" aneurysms, as compared
      with 17% (102) of the entire group of patients. Hypertension was present in 50%
      of the patients who died and 25% of those with poor functional results after
      surgery. Computer-assisted tomography and four-vessel angiography are essential
      for accurate localization of the aneurysm and for blood-flow information
      important in determining the best surgical approach.

PMID- 6839203
TI  - Isolated bilateral complete ptosis.
AB  - A 45-year-old man had bilateral complete ptosis attributed to damage to the
      central caudal nucleus in the nuclear complex of the third cranial nerve, the
      other subnuclei being spared. Many discrete inflammatory foci were found in the
      midbrain and brainstem, a picture resembling that seen in subacute encephalitis.
      The findings are related to Warwick's concept of the anatomy of the third nerve.

PMID- 6839204
TI  - Extraocular extension of malignant melanoma of the uvea.
AB  - Two patients, each with a large malignant melanoma of the choroid, underwent
      enucleation of the affected eye. Gross examination of each globe in the pathology
      laboratory disclosed a substantial area of extrascleral extension of the
      intraocular neoplasm, although this had not been noted at the time of
      enucleation. Since subsequent management and the prognosis for survival may be
      altered by recognition of extrascleral extension, the external surface of all
      globes that may harbour a malignant neoplasm should be carefully inspected by the
      surgeon during and immediately after enucleation.

PMID- 6839205
TI  - Autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis: genetic features.
AB  - Twenty-two members of two families have been identified as being affected with
      iridogoniodysgenesis. The major clinical features of this disorder are mesodermal
      remnants in the iridociliary angle associated with abnormal angle vasculature,
      marked hypoplasia of the iris stroma and increased intraocular pressure leading
      to glaucoma. The involvement of the two eyes is remarkably symmetric. Pedigree
      analysis of the larger family provided firm evidence for regular autosomal
      dominant inheritance as the mechanism of genetic transmission.

PMID- 6839206
TI  - Are enlarged fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina of the rabbit thoracic
      aorta associated with poststenotic dilatation?
AB  - A stenosis amounting to 45-60% of the luminal diameter was made in the thoracic
      aorta of six New Zealand White rabbits. The progress of the ensuing poststenotic
      dilatation (PSD) was followed by daily X-ray analysis after which angiograms were
      taken for the calculation of luminal diameters. Specimens of the aorta proximal
      and distal (PSD) to the stenosis were digested to expose the internal elastic
      lamina (IEL) and viewed using a scanning electron microscope. The dilatations,
      which ranged between 7 and 30% reached their maximum diameter after only 8-10
      days. The average diameter of the fenestrations distal (2.30 +/- 0.53 SEM) to the
      stenosis were significantly larger (p less than 0.01) than proximal (1.33 +/-
      0.16 SEM) and covered a significantly larger (p less than 0.005) percent of the
      surface area of the IEL. It is suggested that the enlarged fenestrations may
      result in changes to the mechanical properties of the IEL which would play an
      important role in the genesis of PSDs.

PMID- 6839208
TI  - The occurrence of two hepatic microsomal sites for amobarbital hydroxylation.
AB  - Amobarbital metabolism in human liver and in rat liver, lung, kidney, and small
      intestine was measured in vitro using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for
      separation of metabolites generated from incubation with [2-14C]amobarbital.
      Formation of 3'-hydroxyamobarbital (C-OH) occurred primarily in the liver. The
      kinetics of C-OH formation by rat liver microsomes or isolated hepatocytes could
      be described by a Michaelis-Menten model incorporating two metabolic sites, one
      characterized by high-affinity and low-velocity constants (Km = 0.054 +/- 0.012
      mM, Vmax = 16.89 +/- 4.27 nmol C-OH x g liver-1 x min-1), the other by low
      affinity and high-velocity (Km = 0.679 +/- 0.097 mM, Vmax = 66.0 +/- 5.41 nmol C
      OH x g liver-1 x min-1). The kinetic parameters of the high-affinity site
      differed significantly between whole cells and homogenates. Pretreatment with
      phenobarbital for 3 days induced only the high-affinity site. Quantitation of C
      OH formation in four human liver samples from several sources showed that
      metabolism may conform to the two-site model observed in rat liver.

PMID- 6839207
TI  - Mechanisms of action of neurotensin on motility of canine gastric corpus in
      vitro.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of neurotensin produced a biphasic contractile
      response, inhibition followed by excitation, when added to full-thickness
      circular strips of canine gastric corpus muscle cut in a circular orientation and
      incubated at 37 degrees C in vitro. The inhibitory response (mean effective
      concentration (EC50) 7 x 10(-9)M) was not altered by addition of concentrations
      of tetrodotoxin or scorpion venom sufficient to block field-stimulated neural
      responses nor by any other antagonist tested. Therefore, it would appear that
      inhibition is due to an excitation of the smooth muscle receptor. The excitatory
      response (EC50 4 x 10(-7)M) was only present in full-thickness strips, i.e., was
      absent in strips of circular muscle, and was reduced by mepyramine or histamine
      tachyphylaxis. Pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate or repeated doses of 48/80
      to extinction of the response completely eliminated the excitatory response as
      did repeated doses of substance P to tachyphylaxis. Since 48/80 and substance P
      have been shown to degranulate mast cells and disodium cromoglycate to stabilize
      mast cell membranes, neurotensin would appear to produce excitation by releasing
      histamine and other material from mast cells. In contrast to in vivo studies,
      where two classes of receptors producing inhibition were found, i.e., a high
      affinity receptor on adrenergic nerves and a lower affinity receptor on smooth
      muscles, in vitro there appears to be only one class of receptor producing
      inhibition on the smooth muscle itself as no neural receptors were found. The
      neurotensin receptor responsible for excitation appeared to be on mast cells. The
      action of neurotensin thus depends upon the locus and the affinity of the
      receptor and the presence of the receptor on the method of study, i.e., in vivo
      vs. in vitro.

PMID- 6839210
TI  - Medial elastin in the thoracic and abdominal aorta of sheep and lambs.
AB  - Aortas were removed from six mature lambs and four sheep and pressure fixed at
      100 and 120 mmHg pressure (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa), respectively, in 10% buffered
      formalin. The numbers of elastin layers were counted from cross sections at
      different distances down the aorta, from the distal arch to the iliac
      bifurcation, and showed a linear decrease in the thoracic aorta. In the abdominal
      aorta there was no difference in values from the diaphragm to the aortoiliac
      bifurcation in the lamb, but a slight decrease in the sheep. If y = mx + b, where
      y is the number of medial lamellar units (MLU), b the intercept, x the distance
      from the last brachiocephalic branch in centimetres, and m the slope, we obtained
      the following equations (with standard deviations): lamb thoracic aorta; y = 
      6.29 (+/- 0.71)x + 106 (+/- 12); sheep thoracic aorta; y = -3.46 (+/- 0.40)x +
      140 (+/- 21.4); lamb abdominal aorta; y = 0.51 (+/- 1.48)x + 37 (+/- 7.7); sheep
      abdominal aorta; y = -0.85 (+/- 0.28)x + 66 (+/- 5.9). Tension per lamellar unit
      was calculated and plotted versus distance yielding a linear increase in the
      entire lamb aorta but an abrupt increase between thoracic and abdominal aortas in
      the sheep. This causes the pulse wave to move uniformly with increasing speed
      along the length of the lamb aorta but would cause an abrupt change in the wave
      at or about the diaphragm in the sheep. Distortions in the pulse wave could
      produce local stress concentrations in the abdominal aorta which might render it
      more susceptible to atherosclerosis than the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 6839209
TI  - Growth hormone stimulates serotonin secretion into the hepatic portal
      circulation.
AB  - Hepatic portal plasma concentrations of free serotonin were found to be
      transiently but significantly elevated in normal dogs following a single
      injection of ovine growth hormone into a peripheral vein. The data are consistent
      with the concept that spike concentrations of growth hormone are capable of
      altering the splanchnic concentration of agents that are concerned with glucose
      homeostasis.

PMID- 6839211
TI  - The changes in ventilation and heart rate at the start of treadmill exercise.

PMID- 6839212
TI  - Natriuretic activity of extracts obtained from hearts of different species and
      from various rat tissues.
AB  - Heart tissue extracts from different species as well as extracts obtained from
      various rat tissues were tested for natriuretic activity in the nondiuretic
      bioassay rat. Natriuretic activity was found restricted to heart tissues. Atrial
      but not ventricular extracts of mammals and both atrial and ventricular extracts
      in the frog displayed natriuretic activity. Specific natriuretic activity values
      were highest in the atria of small rodents. It is concluded that the distribution
      and relative content of natriuretic activity of cardiac tissues from different
      species approximately parallels the distribution and relative abundance of
      specific heart granules.

PMID- 6839213
TI  - Tissue catecholamines in obstructive nephropathy and acute uremia in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the 24-h unilateral ureteral obstructed kidney
      (UUO) responds to acute renal denervation after relief of obstruction with an
      increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF),
      natriuresis, and diuresis, while the 24-h bilateral ureteral obstructed kidney
      (BUO), undergoing postobstructive diuresis after relief of obstruction, shows no
      response to acute denervation. In the present study, renal tissue norepinephrine
      (NE) content and concentration were found to be markedly decreased in the BUO
      kidney suggesting partial renal denervation, while renal NE content was normal in
      the UUO kidney. The decrease in renal NE content in the BUO kidney was organ
      specific since myocardial NE was not affected, and was not due to acute uremia,
      since rats made uremic by 24 h of total intravenous urine reinfusion showed no
      change in renal NE content. Renal dopamine content was markedly increased in the
      UUO kidney, perhaps as a result of renal decarboxylation of dopa and failure of
      excretion, while renal and myocardial epinephrine content were increased in the
      BUO and urine reinfused groups, both of which were subjected to the stress of
      acute uremia. The decrease in renal NE content in the kidney undergoing
      postobstructive diuresis after relief of 24-h BUO probably indicates damage to
      sympathetic nerve terminals by high intrarenal pressure during BUO and suggests
      that partial renal denervation could contribute to the functional changes
      observed in this experimental model.

PMID- 6839214
TI  - GABA-mediated responses are not selectively depressed by 3-mercaptopropionic acid
      in the spinal cord.
AB  - The competitive inhibitor of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 3
      mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), causes depletion of gamma-aminobutyric acid and
      convulsions. We expected it to be a superior GABA depleting agent for in vivo
      experiments to the frequently used semicarbazide. The dorsal root potentials
      (DRP) and monosynaptic reflex responses (MSR) evoked by adjacent dorsal root and
      peripheral nerve stimulation, respectively, were recorded in spinal
      unanaesthetized cats. MPA (100-200 mg/kg) caused a gradual decrease in DRP,
      reaching a peak in about 40 min after drug administration. This was usually
      associated with convulsive activity. Postsynaptic direct inhibition was not
      substantially affected. However, the MSR was consistently decreased, within 10
      min after injection of MPA. It is concluded that MPA is not a suitable tool, at
      least in the spinal cord, for the selective reduction of GABAergic transmission.

PMID- 6839215
TI  - Oxygen uptake and blood flow in canine skeletal muscle during moderate and severe
      anemia.
AB  - The metabolic and cardiovascular adjustments of the whole body and skeletal
      muscle were studied during moderate and severe acute anemia. In 15 anesthetized
      dogs, venous outflow from the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group was isolated.
      Cardiac output (QT) muscle blood flow (QM), total body and muscle oxygen uptake
      (VO2) were determined during a control period, and at 30 and 60 min of either (i)
      moderate anemia (n = 8) in which the mean hematocrit (Hct) was 25% or (ii)
      progressive anemia (n = 7) in which the mean Hct values were 25% at 30 min and
      16% at 60 min of anemia. Muscle VO2, QT, and QM were increased in both groups at
      30 min of anemia. By 60 min, QT and QM declined to preanemic control values in
      the moderate anemia group; whole body VO2 was maintained at the control level.
      Arterial oxygen transport was the same in the two groups at both 30 and 60 min of
      anemia despite the difference in Hct at 60 min. Muscle VO2 showed a further and
      similar rise in both groups between 30 and 60 min of anemia. These data show that
      the rise in muscle VO2 during acute anemia was not directly proportional to the
      degree of the hematocrit reduction. Further, the findings suggest that the muscle
      VO2 response was related to the decrease in arterial oxygen transport.

PMID- 6839216
TI  - Increased contractility in vascular smooth muscle of dystrophic hamsters.
AB  - To investigate the "vascular" hypothesis of muscular dystrophy, the sensitivity
      and contractility of aortic spiral strips of dystrophic (BIO 14.6) and normal
      (FIB) hamsters have been determined to various smooth muscle agonists. The
      results obtained with cumulative dose-response curves show that there is no
      increase in the sensitivity of the dystrophic compared with the normal aorta to
      noradrenaline, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, histamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine.
      However, there was a significant increase in the force generated by aortic strips
      of the dystrophic animals to all agonists. Determination of noncollagen and
      collagen protein showed that there was no difference in the relative proportions
      of these proteins in the aortas from the two strains. The results show that in
      this animal model of dystrophy an increased response to vasopressor amines occurs
      and is in accordance with that expected of the vascular hypothesis.

PMID- 6839217
TI  - Absence of supernormal conduction in canine myocardium.
AB  - Transmural conduction time, measured as the difference in arrival time of
      impulses from a distant stimulating site at endocardial and epicardial electrodes
      near the left ventricular apex, has been reported to decrease when closely
      coupled extrasystoles are interpolated, indicating that muscle conduction could
      be supernormal. We have now determined that reduction in transmural conduction
      time is accounted for completely by the relatively late arrival time of the
      extrasystolic wave front at the endocardial recording site. The endocardial
      recording site was activated later than an immediately adjacent site within the
      wall in two out of eight animals, which could be interpreted as retrograde
      conduction. No evidence for supernormal conduction within the ventricular wall
      could be obtained by multiple electrode recordings. Supernormal conduction
      throughout the myocardial wall could not be demonstrated on stimulation of the
      endocardial site. We conclude that supernormal conduction in myocardial muscle
      cannot be demonstrated and that changes in transmural conduction time do not
      always measure myocardial conduction velocity.

PMID- 6839218
TI  - Glucose homeostasis during the early stages of liver regeneration in fasted rats.
AB  - Kinetic studies with [2-3H]glucose in vivo and gluconeogenic activity
      measurements in vivo and in vitro were performed in 70% hepatectomized rats
      submitted to fasting, which represents an extra burden for glucose synthesis but
      does not impair liver regeneration. Rates of glucose replacement, under steady
      state conditions, 14 and 24 h postoperatively, did not differ in partially
      hepatectomized fasted rats and sham-operated controls. Phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase activities increased more rapidly during fasting in remnant livers
      than in intact livers from controls. Rates of incorporation of 14C from alanine
      into circulating glucose in hepatectomized rats were already maximal 14 h after
      surgery, whereas in controls they continued to augment. The maximal rates after
      partial hepatectomy could not be surpassed by performing the operation in
      diabetic animals. It is concluded that the relatively high blood sugar levels
      during fasting in hepatectomized rats do not depend on a reduced peripheral
      utilization of glucose, but only on a rapid increase in the gluconeogenic
      activity. The data suggest that hepatocytes in remnant liver can proliferate
      under conditions of maximal gluconeogenic and low glycolytic activities.

PMID- 6839220
TI  - Fats in nutrition.
AB  - Investigation of the relationship of diet to blood lipids and atherosclerosis has
      dominated the field of lipid nutritional biochemistry for the past 25 years.
      Although this subject has consumed considerable time, effort, and research funds,
      it has also proved beneficial to other areas of lipid biochemistry by attracting
      qualified people to the field and by initiating development of sophisticated
      methodology and instrumentation required for progress in those areas. The
      development of capillary gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid
      chromatography, together with more extensive computer control and processing of
      data, should accelerate progress in all areas of lipid biochemistry. In the next
      25 years, I expect to see extensive investigation of dietary hydrogenated fats
      and their constituent isomeric fatty acids. Specificity of deposition in animal
      tissues, effects on blood lipids and coronary heart disease, and their
      relationship to polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostaglandins are among the
      topics likely to receive attention. The prostaglandins, prostacyclins,
      thromboxanes, and leukotrienes will continue to receive attention in the near
      future, and the role of diet in modulating the concentrations of these compounds
      in blood and other body tissues is a promising area of active research. The
      discovery of abnormalities in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in
      pathological conditions in man has renewed interest in these dietary components.
      Association of neurological abnormalities with lack of linolenic acid metabolites
      should stimulate further investigation of the role of the n-3 series acids in
      central nervous system function.

PMID- 6839219
TI  - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amiodarone and N
      desethyl-amiodarone in serum.
AB  - A rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay has
      been developed for the measurement of the antiarrhythmic drug, amiodarone (A),
      and its metabolite, N-desethyl-amiodarone (NDA), in serum. The procedure involves
      addition of absolute ethanol to serum, previously adjusted to pH 6, followed by
      centrifugation. The supernatant is analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with
      ultraviolet-visible detection. There is no intereference from endogenous
      substances or other commonly used antiarrhythmic agents. The mean overall
      accuracy of the HPLC assay is 96.9 +/- 9.1 (SD)% (n = 37) for A over the
      concentration range 0.10-10.00 micrograms/mL, and 99.8 +/- 4.8 (SD)% (n = 32) for
      NDA over the concentration range 0.10-7.50 micrograms/mL. The within-day
      coefficient of variation is less than 7% for A and NDA. The lower limit of
      quantitative sensitivity is 0.10 micrograms/mL for A and NDA, and the lower limit
      of qualitative detection is 1.0 ng for both compounds.

PMID- 6839221
TI  - Nutrition and immune responses.
AB  - Clinical and epidemiologic data suggest a causal relationship between nutritional
      deficiency and infection. Among other factors, impaired immune responses
      secondary to malnutrition increase susceptibility to infectious illness. Protein
      energy undernutrition and deficiencies of iron, zinc, pyridoxine, and other
      nutrients depress a variety of immunity functions. Cell-mediated immunity,
      complement system, microbicidal activity of phagocytes, secretory antibody
      response, and antibody affinity are often decreased. Recent studies have revealed
      many metabolic and hormone alterations as well as changes in the number and
      function of lymphocyte subpopulations. Obesity also is associated with impaired
      cellular immune functions. Dietary factors may play a critical role in host
      resistance to disease.

PMID- 6839222
TI  - The role of computed cranial tomography (CT) in epilepsy.
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of CT in detecting unexpected brain lesions in
      epileptics, scan results were analyzed in a consecutive series of 196 adult
      epileptics in whom there was no known etiology for their seizures nor any
      abnormality on neurological examination. Nineteen additional epileptics, selected
      on the basis of an unexpected positive CT were also included for analysis. In the
      consecutive series, the overall incidence of abnormal scans was 16% with the
      highest yield (44%) found in patients with partial elementary seizures. Partial
      seizures secondarily generalized were correlated with a significantly higher CT
      positivity than purely partial seizures. Patients with seizures for less than six
      months more frequently showed CT abnormalities than patients with a longer
      history. In 25 of 51 cases with abnormal scans a specific lesion amenable to
      therapy was detected, including 16 neoplasms and 5 arteriovenous malformations.
      Other lesions included generalized or focal atrophy, infarcts, calcified lesions
      of tuberous sclerosis, unexplained calcifications and focal low-density or
      enhancing lesions.

PMID- 6839223
TI  - Results of burr hole and open or closed suction drainage for chronic subdural
      hematomas in adults.
AB  - Chronic subdural hematomas in adults are not technically difficult to treat. They
      probably constitute one of the most common potentially curable lesions with which
      the average neurosurgeon deals. Despite this (or perhaps because of it) numerous
      treatments, radically differing from one another, have been advocated. Fine
      judgment is called for in deciding whether or not to operate in the first
      instance, make a flap or one or more burr or twist drill holes, use a drain,
      employ suction, inflate the brain, leave the bone flap out. In a personal series
      of 71 chronic subdural hematomas, 46 were treated with a red rubber catheter
      drain through a burr hole and 23 with a closed system suction drain. The results
      of this series suggest that closed system suction drainage through a single burr
      hole is the better of the two techniques. It has important theoretical advantages
      and the procedure is simple and fast. The complication rate is low and patients
      have a shortened postoperative hospital stay.

PMID- 6839224
TI  - [Carotid endarterectomy: preoperative medical history and long-term outcome of 82
      patients].
AB  - Using medical files, death certificates and an interview at home for the
      survivors, a long term retrospective follow-up study was done for 82 subjects
      operated for carotid stenosis. Causes of death, survival rates and medical
      history of survivors were studied. Subjects were classified in two preoperative
      risk categories according to their medical history prior to angiography: low risk
      (36 subjects) and medium risk (46 subjects). None of the subjects were lost
      during the follow-up period which varies from 81 to 105 months. At seven years,
      observed survival rate is significantly lower for the medium risk patients than
      for the low risk patients (43.0 +/- 8.6 versus 80.6 +/- 6.6; X2 M-H, p = 0.006).
      The difference between the survival rates is markedly noticeable after the fifth
      year of follow-up. Besides, the percentage of survivors who have developed
      cerebrovascular problems after the operation is significantly higher in the
      medium risk group than the low risk group (54.5% versus 25.0%, X2 p congruent to
      0.04). Does this mean that the preoperative risk classification separates two
      different stages or two different forms of atherosclerosis?

PMID- 6839226
TI  - A prospective study of 50 cases of familial Parkinson's disease.
AB  - In a recent paper (Barbeau and Pourcher, 1982) we demonstrated that so-called
      "idiopathic" Parkinson's disease is not a homogeneous entity, and defined the
      existence of a sub-group of patients with genetic parkinsonism. To investigate
      this last possibility, and to uncover possible metabolic clues as to the etiology
      of such cases, we carried out a prospective study of 50 kindreds with "familial"
      parkinsonism. Two control groups were similarly studied: 50 kindreds with
      essential tremor (neurological control group) and 50 kindreds originating from
      spouses of the previous patients (non neurological control group). We uncovered
      two main patterns of genetic transmission within the parkinsonian patients: a
      parkinsonism related to dominant essential tremor (34 kindreds; 10% of all
      Parkinsonians) and a recessive "akineto-rigid syndrome" (10 kindreds; 3-4% of all
      Parkinsonians). A further 4 kindreds assumed a pseudo-dominant pattern but were
      probably recessive. Finally 2 kindreds were obviously other entities presenting
      as "phenocopies" of Parkinson's disease. Metabolically, hyperthyroidism appeared
      to be more frequent in essential tremor and "essential-tremor related
      parkinsonism" kindreds, while hypothyroidism and possibly hypoparathyroidism
      (post surgery) seemed more frequent in the recessive akineto-rigid syndrome
      kindreds.

PMID- 6839225
TI  - Anticoagulation in cerebral embolism.
AB  - A case of presumed anticoagulant induced hemorrhage into infarction is presented
      along with a retrospective study of 110 cases of cerebral embolus. An accurate
      recommendation for the timing of anticoagulation following cerebral embolism
      hinges on balancing the risk of hemorrhage into infarction against the benefits
      of early treatment attributed to preventing recurrent embolism. It is felt that
      the present literature, concepts of pathogenesis and experimental data provide
      insufficient information to make absolute clinical decisions. The available
      evidence implies that the risk of further embolic events is three to four times
      that of hemorrhage into infarction, yet additional randomized prospective studies
      and better experimental models are needed to establish a valid treatment plan. It
      may be possible to distinguish separate mechanisms underlying early diffuse
      hemorrhage into infarction from sudden delayed massive hematoma formation.

PMID- 6839227
TI  - Homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinsonian patients.

PMID- 6839228
TI  - Facilitation of kindled seizures in rats fed choline-supplemented diets.
AB  - Different groups of rats were maintained on choline-deprived (CD), choline
      supplemented (CS) or standard rat chow diets beginning at a body weight of
      approximately 100 g, and electrically kindled in the amygdala beginning not less
      than 40 days later. The CS group kindled significantly faster than the CD group,
      whereas the CD and chow-fed groups did not differ in their rate of kindling. This
      result is consistent with both the known effects of the dietary manipulation of
      choline on brain acetylcholine level, and the idea that acetylcholine has a role
      in amygdaloid kindling.

PMID- 6839229
TI  - Pathobiology of neurosarcoidosis and clinicopathologic correlation.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 4,294 consecutive postmortem cases, there were 15
      with histologically proved sarcoidosis, including 4 with CNS involvement. Whereas
      in previously reported autopsy series the prevalence of neurosarcoidosis was 15%,
      it is 27% in this review. Five cases with incidental, clinically inapparent
      sarcoidosis died at a mean age of 54.6 years; those six with systemic
      sarcoidosis, not involving the CNS, died at a mean age of 47.0 years; while those
      four with a variety of neurologic manifestations in addition to systemic
      sarcoidosis died at a mean age of 38.2 years. Thus, it appears that at one end of
      the spectrum of morbidity, sarcoidosis may cause no or only trivial symptoms and
      permit prolonged survival. At the other extreme, sarcoidosis may affect a younger
      population more severely. CNS involvement occurs relatively early in the course
      and its rather rapidly progressive, accounting for the poor prognosis, despite
      appropriate medical and neurosurgical management. In its turn, neurosarcoidosis
      may present with a variety of signs and symptoms, depending on the site of
      involvement along the craniospinal axis. This feature is illustrated by the
      manifestations of compression myelopathy, hydrocephalus with dementia,
      hydrocephalus with seizures and ataxia, and anosmia, blindness, seizures, and
      diabetes insipidus. In addition, one patient developed a Nocardia brain abscess
      as a complication of the altered immune system in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6839230
TI  - Lower motor neuron syndrome following radiotherapy.

PMID- 6839231
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis in an infant of 28 weeks gestational age.
AB  - A case of tuberous sclerosis diagnosed at autopsy in a neonate at 28 weeks
      gestation is described. This is believed to be the earliest case yet reported.
      The CNS lesions consist of cortical tuberosities, heterotopic white matter
      nodules and subependymal nodules. These nodules consist predominantly of giant
      astrocytes but a small undifferentiated cell component is present as well.
      Multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas are also present. An explanation for neuronal
      hypocellularity within the cortical tuberosities is suggested.

PMID- 6839233
TI  - Citations and references: should there still be a controversy?

PMID- 6839232
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy. A clinical, pathological, and radiological
      correlation.
AB  - Two patients with acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, one of which was
      pathologically proven, were serially studied with CT scanning. Both patients
      showed marked distinctive low density white matter changes throughout both
      hemispheres, which correlated with clinically involved areas. One patient
      recovered from the disease, perhaps due to steroid treatment, and showed slow but
      complete resolution of CT scan changes. We feel that CT scan findings
      significantly help in the diagnosis of this disease, which may be amenable to
      early treatment with steroids.

PMID- 6839234
TI  - Pressurized bronchodilators.

PMID- 6839235
TI  - [Familial auriculo-ventricular heart block?].

PMID- 6839236
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome associated with a contraceptive diaphragm.

PMID- 6839237
TI  - Foods for patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (correction)

PMID- 6839238
TI  - Hair regrowth following hemodialysis.

PMID- 6839239
TI  - Meeting the surgical and ethical challenge presented by Jehovah's Witnesses.

PMID- 6839240
TI  - A clinical approach to common electrolyte problems. 1. Hyponatremia.
AB  - The clinical approach to hyponatremia described in this paper involves
      identification of the hyponatremia as iso-osmolar (factitious), hyperosmolar
      (mediated by osmotically induced flux of water from cells) or hypo-osmolar. Hypo
      osmolar hyponatremia results from decreased renal excretion of dilute urine. This
      may be caused by renal failure through decreased delivery of filtrate to or
      function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where dilute urine is made,
      or through increased water reabsorption in the collecting duct, either
      independent of antidiuretic hormone or related to a physiologic, drug-induced or
      pathologic increase in the bioactivity of antidiuretic hormone. The treatment of
      hyponatremia must be individualized.

PMID- 6839241
TI  - Are diagnostic tests repeated unnecessarily on hospital admission?
AB  - After admission to hospital, patients are often subjected to laboratory tests
      that may duplicate testing already done. For nearly 2800 patients at three
      hospitals the numbers and types of tests done in the week before and the week
      after admission were determined. A team of general practitioners judged the
      necessity of tests that had been repeated, with only those tests that had yielded
      normal results at both times being labelled as unjustifiably duplicated. Only 246
      patients had had tests done in the week before entering the hospital, but 192
      (71%) of them had had tests repeated after admission, 35 (14%) unjustifiably. Of
      the 743 laboratory tests performed before admission 447 (60%) were subsequently
      duplicated, but only 85 (11%) of them unjustifiably. Duplication, whether
      justifiable or unnecessary, was more likely to involve the hemoglobin
      determinations and urinalyses done routinely in hospitals.

PMID- 6839242
TI  - Diffuse alveolar damage syndrome associated with amiodarone therapy.
AB  - Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic that has been used in Europe for over a
      decade and has been available for investigational use in North America for a
      shorter time. It has several well recognized side effects. Recent reports have
      related pulmonary disorders to the use of this drug; fibrosing alveolitis has
      been found by lung biopsy. Amiodarone's toxicity to the lung does not appear to
      be dose-related. Besides cessation of amiodarone administration, management of
      this complication includes steroid therapy. A case is described of nonspecific
      diffuse alveolar damage syndrome in a patient who had received amiodarone.

PMID- 6839244
TI  - Last words of a good, ordinary man.

PMID- 6839245
TI  - Helping the impaired physician.

PMID- 6839243
TI  - Effect of in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol on age at onset of puberty and
      on postpubertal hormone levels in boys.
AB  - A group of boys exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero who had earlier been
      found to have urogenital abnormalities were studied for evidence of later effects
      of DES on their health, physical development and hormonal status. They showed no
      difference in age at onset of puberty, development of sexual characteristics or
      hormone levels from boys of the same age who had not been exposed to DES.
      However, the exposed group tended to have smaller testes.

PMID- 6839247
TI  - [Alcoholism: a physician in hell].

PMID- 6839248
TI  - Convention cities: Singapore.

PMID- 6839246
TI  - The Donwood Institute: resort of last resort.

PMID- 6839249
TI  - Volvulus complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 6839250
TI  - "Take two puffs": an unfortunate routine.

PMID- 6839251
TI  - CMA statement on radiation protection.

PMID- 6839252
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 6839254
TI  - Do we need doctors in the health care system?

PMID- 6839255
TI  - Psychosocial reactions to physical illness.
AB  - Recently medical educators have emphasized the need for physicians to acquire the
      skills to deal with psychologic aspects of patient care. To facilitate this task
      a descriptive schema is presented for use in evaluating patients' psychosocial
      reactions to physical illness. Three core components of such reactions are: the
      personal meaning of illness, emotional responses to illness and modes of coping
      with illness. Clinical application of this schema may help with patient
      management and prevent psychiatric complications of physical illness.

PMID- 6839253
TI  - Dealing with the misuse of antibiotics in the hospital.

PMID- 6839256
TI  - Auditing antibiotic use in a teaching hospital: focus on cefoxitin.
AB  - The prevalence and nature of antibiotic misuse in a major teaching hospital was
      assessed by means of a quality-of-use audit. Cefoxitin was chosen for study. The
      use of cefoxitin increased rapidly during the study period, accounting for 17.7%
      ($15300) of the pharmacy's costs for cephalosporins during the first year of its
      availability but 47.7% ($60707) during the second year. Cefoxitin was
      inappropriately used for 43% of the patients receiving it during the first 2
      month audit period and for 25% of those receiving it during the second audit
      period, 1 year later (p less than 0.01 by chi-square analysis).

PMID- 6839257
TI  - The role of deputizing agencies in the delivery of primary health care services.
AB  - When not available to their patients, family practitioners in large cities can
      "sign out" to deputizing agencies, which coordinate the activities of part-time
      physicians on call. The physicians making use of one such agency in Toronto
      appeared to be representative of family practitioners in the region. One thousand
      of their patients seen consecutively by one physician were asked a series of
      questions. The majority of the 811 evaluable patients were considered to have
      problems justifying an after-hours call, although 16% of the problems were of a
      trivial nature. However, almost half of the patients with trivial problems would
      have gone to the local emergency room, as would 85% of all the patients. Although
      virtually all (94%) of the visits with the elderly were justified, 34% of the
      patients in this age group said they probably or definitely would not have sought
      emergency room care if a physician had not been available. The use of deputizing
      agencies should reduce the overuse of emergency room facilities and provide
      optimal after-hours primary medical care.

PMID- 6839258
TI  - Prevalence of geriatric urinary dysfunction in a chronic care hospital.

PMID- 6839260
TI  - Lifestyles. The doctor on stage.

PMID- 6839259
TI  - Infective endocarditis caused by Kingella kingae.

PMID- 6839261
TI  - The constructive use of envy.

PMID- 6839262
TI  - Inclusive fitness, altruism and family adaptation.
AB  - An integrative model of family functioning is put forward using a sociobiological
      framework. Three key sociobiological concepts that have a relevance to family
      interaction are inclusive fitness, altruism, and a struggle for status. The term
      'inclusive fitness' encompasses the parents' own fitness and that of their kith
      and kin. Altruism refers to how parents promote the survival of their progeny and
      extended family. The struggle for status refers to a struggle for power and
      prestige. According to the author's hypothesis 'inclusive fitness' exerts its
      influence through the struggle for status which in turn influences the degree of
      altruism and the level of 'family adaptation'. The parents' level of inclusive
      fitness largely determines the level of family adaptation which in turn
      influences the growth and individuation of the next generation. A common negative
      outcome of failure in the struggle for status and power is a displacement of the
      struggle for power into a family context. Failure in a struggle for status
      between peer group members would in a pretechnological society probably have
      reflected a relative lack of fitness. Failure in the struggle for status is
      likely to generate maladaptive cycles in the family which will lower the
      inclusive fitness of the parents. A concept of ideal family functioning is
      derived from sociobiology and specifically related to a high inclusive fitness in
      the parents. The author argues that sociobiological concepts can contribute to
      the development of an integrative theory of family behaviour. The clinical
      implications of this model are explored.

PMID- 6839264
TI  - On evaluating patient satisfaction: methodological issues.
AB  - The survey of patient satisfaction with the mental health services provided is
      recommended but involves a methodological dilemma. Concerns include a definition
      problem, the delineation of a representative sample, the selection of a survey
      technique and the type of questions to be used. A literature review and the
      authors' own experience with the process are presented. The investigation of
      patient satisfaction while, as yet, limited in the critical information it can
      provide for the evaluation of services, will help pinpoint areas where the most
      patient dissatisfaction exists. The process can also be useful therapeutically,
      but patient satisfaction, although an important outcome measure, is not
      systematically related to other measures of treatment success. Methodological
      suggestions to improve the validity of the data gathered conclude the paper.

PMID- 6839263
TI  - Stability of intellect and personality in schizophrenia.
AB  - A group of 52 chronic schizophrenic patients (mean age 41) currently maintained
      on follow-up treatment at an outpatient clinic were re-evaluated 8.5 years after
      initial treatment at the Allan Memorial Institute. The instruments used were the
      Spitzer Mental Status Schedule (MSS), the verbal WAIS, Rorschach and several
      thinking disorder tests. A verbal IQ finding of 1.4 points of increase (n.s.)
      indicates that no intellectual deterioration has occurred as measured by the
      WAIS. The thinking disorder tests, however, reveal considerable deficit. The
      Rorschach shows no evidence of personality change although there is evidence of
      increasing personality impoverishment, as evident in a progressive flattening of
      affect, and an increasing withdrawal and isolation. These inferences are
      supported by case history data and by the MSS psychiatric rating scale.

PMID- 6839266
TI  - Is incest harmful?
AB  - Classically, incest has been considered from both a psychological and
      sociological point of view to have harmful consequences. Genetic research, though
      by no means lacking controversy of its own, generally supports the notion that
      inbreeding has untoward genetic consequences. The psychodynamics of all three
      parties to father-daughter incest seem to indicate that people who become
      involved in incestuous behaviour are often psychologically damaged before the
      fact, so that if they show subsequent evidence of psychological impairment the
      incestuous behaviour can be as plausibly viewed as a dysfunctional attempt at
      solving problems as it can a cause of subsequent psychopathology. Girls involved
      in the father-daughter incest present in one of half a dozen frequent clinical
      syndromes. The presentation is influenced by the degree to which the girl may
      have participated in ongoing incestuous behaviour as opposed to being the
      presumed victim of an older adult's coercive actions or her own temporary
      suspension of a behavioural taboo. Research is inconclusive as to the
      psychological harmfulness of incestuous behaviour, and evidence is reviewed on
      both sides of this complicated and controversial question. Quite apart from the
      general issue of the harmfulness of incest, a number of indicators can be derived
      from the nature of the incestuous episode and the early response to therapeutic
      assessment which aid in the clinical forecasting of probable outcome.

PMID- 6839265
TI  - Patient satisfaction in a Psychiatric Walk-In Clinic.
AB  - The present study examined consumer satisfaction with services provided in a
      Psychiatric Walk-In Clinic in order to determine not only general levels of
      satisfaction but also whether or not differences in satisfaction exist between
      different user groups. Although levels of reported satisfaction were generally
      high, group psychotherapy patients reported being significantly less satisfied
      than patients who had been assessed at the clinic or who were in individual
      psychotherapy. None of the demographic variables including previous psychiatric
      experience, diagnosis and patient visits were related to satisfaction. These data
      were discussed in terms of program development.

PMID- 6839267
TI  - Joint custody: preliminary impressions.
AB  - Joint custody is currently a popular and debatable issue. It is felt that some of
      the controversy is due to the lack of agreement on a definition. Following some
      examples of the differences in personal and judicial definitions of joint
      custody, a classification of custody is offered. Four types of custody
      arrangements are described: Absolute Sole Custody, Sole Custody, Non-Alternating
      Joint Custody (disputed and undisputed) and Alternating Joint Custody (disputed
      and undisputed). A critical review of the literature follows. Finally, clinical
      impressions about the two types of joint custody are discussed.

PMID- 6839268
TI  - A search for congenital rubella in psychiatric day treatment, language and
      learning centres.
AB  - A search for previously undiagnosed congenital rubella (CR) was made on 672
      children who had attended psychiatric day treatment, learning, and speech and
      language centres. This was done by observing the seroresponse of seronegative
      children to rubella vaccine, since 90% of patients with known CR who are
      seronegative fail to seroconvert to the vaccine. Of the 225 seronegative children
      23 did not seroconvert after a single vaccination. Five of these failed to
      respond on revaccination. These five children had a high frequency of severe
      language and learning disability as well as frequent diagnoses of major CNS
      disorders. It is likely that a far greater number of children in the population
      studied had CR, since our methods identify only about 20% of those affected.
      Clinically, a specific diagnosis of CR is helpful in facilitating genetic
      counselling and in allowing the clinician to offer a more hopeful prognosis.

PMID- 6839269
TI  - Elective mutism in a 26 year old deaf female.

PMID- 6839270
TI  - Psychodynamics of spirit possession among the Inuit.
AB  - Three cases of spirit possession were studied to determine common underlying
      psychodynamic factors. The spirits were believed to represent culture bound
      defense mechanisms, and attempts at problem solving in individuals suffering from
      unresolved conflicts. These being anomic anxiety, dependency, sexual identity and
      aggression. The symptoms, therefore, were considered to be attempts at conflict
      resolution. Furthermore the psychodynamic process is described as a transition
      phase in psychic development between externalization and internalization of
      intrapsychic distress or collective versus individual ego solutions to life
      stress. As such, therapy will be facilitated by knowledge of myths and customs
      and culturally significant methods of healing.

PMID- 6839271
TI  - Suicidal behaviour in childhood.

PMID- 6839273
TI  - Length of the Y chromosome and chromosomal variants in inpatient children with
      psychiatric disorders: two studies.
AB  - In a study of 41 inpatient boys with psychiatric disorders, it was found that
      this group had significantly increased length of the long arm of the Y chromosome
      (Yq+) as compared to a normal control group. The length of the Y chromosome in
      the inpatient group correlated with psychiatric symptom severity, hyperactivity,
      parental psychopathology and paternal alcoholism. A further study of minor
      chromosomal variants in 56 inpatient boys and girls revealed no differences in
      individual or pooled variants in the patient group, as compared to the control
      group. However, those in the patient group with one or more variants showed more
      severe psychiatric and other psychosocial symptoms than those in the group
      without variants. Those who had both longer Y chromosomes and a minor chromosomal
      variant had more severe psychiatric symptom severity.

PMID- 6839275
TI  - Psychosomatic disorders in the elderly.

PMID- 6839274
TI  - Treatment of monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis with imipramine.

PMID- 6839276
TI  - Age, age of onset and course of primary depressive illness in the elderly.
AB  - Thirty-eight elderly patients with primary depressive illness (Feighner criteria)
      were followed up for 7-31 months. In the absence of persistent organic signs and
      severe physical illness, age of onset (first depressive episode after 60) but not
      age was significantly related to course of illness. Compared to early onset
      depressives, late onset depressives were more likely to remain completely well
      during the follow-up period and less likely to have frequent or disabling
      relapses.

PMID- 6839272
TI  - Limitation of freedom of movement in adult psychiatric units. The position of the
      Canadian Psychiatric Association.

PMID- 6839277
TI  - A study of young-age and mid-life homicidal women admitted to a psychiatric
      hospital for pre-trial evaluation.
AB  - The authors compared a group of young female homicidal offenders with a group of
      middle-aged homicidal women as to demographic data, psychopathology, physical
      disorders and type of victims chosen. Young women tend to have low socioeconomic
      status, have antisocial personality disorder, and/or schizophrenia as psychiatric
      diagnoses and most likely kill their children, while mid-life women tend to have
      slightly higher socioeconomic status, suffer from affective disorder and
      alcoholism and have more frequent physical disorders and most likely murder their
      spouses. A significant finding noted among mid-life women is the high frequency
      of physical abuse by husbands who later become their homicide victims. Treatment
      implications of these findings are noted.

PMID- 6839278
TI  - Negative impact of computerized record keeping in a psychiatric department.
AB  - A general hospital psychiatric inpatient department which had been regarded as
      efficient and effective in its functioning, underwent rapid deterioration after
      the introduction of a computerized system of charting and record keeping. The
      deterioration was attributed to: 1) Impeded communication among the staff; 2)
      Loss of time available for patient care; 3) Staff frustration with the system and
      subsequent feelings of anger and helplessness being communicated to the patients.
      The authors describe the development of this deterioration and discuss possible
      psychodynamic factors and suggested corrective-preventative measures.

PMID- 6839279
TI  - Italian validation of the Symptom Rating Test (SRT) and Symptom Questionnaire
      (SQ).
AB  - Two self-rating scales of psychological distress, the Symptom Rating Test (SRT)
      and the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), have been validated in translations in Italy.
      They were administered in several studies to psychiatric patients (neurotics and
      depressives), matched controls, and patients suffering from various organic
      illnesses (dermatologic disorders, hypertension, secondary amenorrhea and
      patients undergoing amniocentesis). The SRT and the SQ sensitively discriminated
      between psychiatric patients and normals, between different levels of
      psychological distress in several of the somatic illnesses, and detected
      significant changes in the psychological status of patients participating in
      medical procedures such as amniocentesis. The scales were found to be useful in
      research in psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. The findings suggest that the
      Italian translations are valid and sensitive scales of distress and can
      apparently be used as effectively in research as the original. They are likely to
      be of value in cross-cultural research in Canada. Both scales may be helpful in
      the psychological assessment of Italian immigrants in North America and
      Australia, especially in those whose English is poor.

PMID- 6839281
TI  - Psychiatric training in gender specific psychology and goals for women in
      therapy.
AB  - A questionnaire addressing itself to the necessity of psychiatric training in
      gender specific issues and therapists' attitudes towards women in treatment was
      answered by almost half the total number of residents in psychiatric programs
      across Canada in the spring of 1980. Although the majority felt that training in
      gender specific psychology was a necessity, our survey indicated only a small
      proportion of Canadian programs (2 out of the 16 psychiatric schools) have
      incorporated this into their present curricula. An overview of the survey showed
      residents to agree with the following attitudes regarding women in therapy: 1)
      women's conflicts should be considered in the framework of their developmental
      life cycle and reproductive issues; 2) women do not present the same conflicts,
      goals and values as men; 3) therapy should help women to become more autonomous
      and assertive in the home and at work; and 4) women's primary goal should not
      necessarily be seen as that of caregivers and homemakers. Further, the residents
      expressed the beliefs that sex role ideology could interfere with therapy and
      that the "traditional hierarchy of power" should not be replicated between
      therapist and patient.

PMID- 6839282
TI  - Partial resolution of tardive dyskinesia with treatment of co-existing
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia improved after treatment of
      thyrotoxicosis. Neuroleptic blood levels indicated that the improvement was not
      caused by masking of the symptoms by rising drug levels. Dopamine metabolite
      measurements suggested that the thyrotoxicosis caused an increase in the
      sensitivity of caudate neurons to dopamine, rather than a change in release of
      dopamine.

PMID- 6839286
TI  - Intensive inpatient treatment of patients with character disorders.

PMID- 6839285
TI  - Machismo and nuclearism.

PMID- 6839280
TI  - Observations of child psychiatry in China.
AB  - Child and adolescent psychiatry in the People's Republic of China is discussed
      following a brief visit and literature review. The Chinese practice of psychiatry
      is the same for adults and children, and primarily involves the treatment of
      severely disturbed patients in psychiatric hospitals. There is also a trend
      toward movement into the community and the schools as a result of the Chinese
      focus on Attention Deficit Disorders. Antisocial and delinquent behaviours,
      developmental problems, relationship and family problems, and reactions to
      illness and hospitalization are not handled by psychiatrists but by others in the
      local communities. These problems are managed, however, and with the shortage of
      child psychiatrists the arrangement may be appropriate.

PMID- 6839287
TI  - The characterologically difficult patient: a hospital treatment model.
AB  - A treatment model for the hospitalized borderline patient has evolved from the
      long-term, intensive treatment of these patients in a psychodynamically oriented
      setting. Four stages are identified and described. Each has a therapeutic goal
      and strategy, and repeatedly observable patient responses and staff counter
      responses. Although patients vary in the lengths of time in each stage and there
      is much back and forth between stages, the regularity with which this pattern
      occurs greatly increases the capacity of the treating personnel to understand and
      guide the treatment process. The model clarifies perplexing, discouraging, or
      stale-mating affects and behaviours in the patients, and misleading counter
      therapeutic affects and behaviours in the staff. Further, it can predict certain
      features and, to some extent, probable outcome in any particular course of
      treatment.

PMID- 6839283
TI  - Phloretin-inhibited lithium efflux: does measurement contribute to better
      management of bipolar patients?

PMID- 6839284
TI  - The Othello syndrome.

PMID- 6839288
TI  - The multi-dimensional inpatient treatment of severe character disorders.
AB  - Patients with severe character disorders present a special challenge to the
      clinician. Many can be helped with outpatient psychotherapy, often with the
      adjunctive use of medication. Some cannot, and need intensive inpatient
      treatment. An inpatient psychiatric unit in a general hospital is described which
      has been designed to treat such patients. The treatment makes use of a variety of
      therapeutic modalities. Psychotherapy is central and essential to the successful
      functioning of this therapeutic instrument.

PMID- 6839289
TI  - Alteration of the genomes of tumor cells.
AB  - The transfer of DNA from tumor cells into normal cells has made possible the
      definition of oncogenes in the DNA of the donor tumor cells. Some of these
      oncogenes have been isolated by molecular cloning and found to derive from
      closely related normal cellular sequences. These normal antecedents are termed
      proto-oncogenes. Analysis of molecular clones of the proto-oncogene and its
      transforming allele indicate that the two genes are very similar. In one case the
      alteration of a single nucleotide in the normal gene resulted in the creation of
      an active oncogene. This point mutation affected a sequence encoding the 21,000
      dalton protein, resulting in a glycine at its residue 12 being replaced by a
      valine. This altered protein mediates the resulting transformation of the cell.
      Such altered proteins are found in a number of lung and colon carcinomas.
      Although these oncogenes represent important determinants of the carcinogenic
      process, other genetic alterations appear to be necessary in order to achieve
      full conversion of a normal cell into a tumor cell.

PMID- 6839290
TI  - Effect of human leukocyte interferon on malignant brain tumors.
AB  - The antitumor effect of human leukocyte interferon was investigated on ten
      patients with malignant brain tumor. In eight cases of primary tumor, IFN alone
      was administered when their recurrent sign was evident. A dose of 3 X 10(6) IU or
      1 X 10(6) IU of IFN was injected intramuscularly two or three times a week in
      high-dose group, while a dose of 5 X 10(4) IU once a week in low-dose group. No
      remarkable side effects including bone marrow depression were noted. Natural
      killer activity was enhanced and immunologic skin reaction manifested. Partial
      remission of more than 50% decrease of tumor volume calculated on CT scan was
      seen in two cases in the low-dose group for about 3-6 months. Complete remission
      could not be obtained by IFN alone. Our pilot study has shown that IFN alone will
      not be effective against progressive malignant brain tumors by general
      administration. Further investigation should be carried out to improve the use of
      IFN therapy in malignant brain tumor.

PMID- 6839291
TI  - Treatment of patients with advanced malignant lymphoma using gallium nitrate
      administered as a seven-day continuous infusion.
AB  - Previous trials of gallium nitrate (NSC-15200) showed that bolus administration
      produced dose-limiting nephrotoxicity without substantial antitumor activity. As
      an effort to increase the therapeutic index of this compound and to establish a
      satisfactory out-patient schedule, the authors evaluated the effects of gallium
      nitrate administered as a continuous infusion in patients with advanced malignant
      lymphoma. In an initial Phase I trial, four dose levels which ranged from 200 to
      400 mg/m2/day in 27 patients were studied. Nausea which impaired oral hydration
      was found to be dose-limiting. A dose of 300 mg/m2/day was chosen for extended
      Phase II evaluation and 37 additional patients were entered into the study at
      that dose level. Overall, 16 of 47 patients (34%) who had bi-dimensionally
      measurable parameters of disease achieved major antitumor responses (six of 15
      with diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma, five of ten with diffuse poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, two of five with nodular poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, and three of 17 with Hodgkin's disease). The
      median duration of response was 2.5 months. Only 8% of patients who received 300
      mg/m2/day developed an increase in serum creatinine concentration greater than
      1.1 mg/dl over baseline values. Hypocalcemia occurred in two-thirds of patients.
      Other toxic effects, including paresthesiae, diarrhea, and hearing loss, were
      noted in less than 5% of patients. There was minimal myelosuppression. The
      authors conclude that gallium nitrate administered as a continuous infusion for
      seven days at 300 mg/m2/day is well-tolerated and effective treatment for
      patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. Outpatient administration using
      portable infusion pumps is safe and practical. Further evaluation of the drug
      administered as a constant infusion is indicated in patients with other
      neoplastic diseases.

PMID- 6839292
TI  - Phase I trial of Indicine-N-Oxide on two dose schedules.
AB  - Indicine-N-Oxide is the water soluble N-oxide of the pyrolizidine alkaloid
      indicine recently evaluated in Phase I trials. Initially in a weekly times four
      schedule, twenty-nine patients were treated with a dose range of 1.0 to 7.5 g/m2
      per week. Fifteen of 40 of the courses of four doses were interrupted by
      myelosuppression which prohibited completion of the course. Therefore, an
      intermittent schedule was evaluated utilizing single doses repeated every 3-4
      weeks. Twenty-six patients were treated at doses of 5 to 10 g/m2.
      Myelosuppression is the dose limiting toxicity of both schedules with
      thrombocytopenia being more severe than leukopenia. Myelosuppression is
      predictable and reversible on the intermittent schedule. It is more severe in
      patients with heavy prior treatment. Partial responses were seen in four
      patients, one with a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland and three
      with adenocarcinoma of the colon. Phase II studies are planned at a starting dose
      of 7.5 g/m2 every 3-4 weeks in patients with no prior treatment and 5 g/m2 in
      patients with prior treatment.

PMID- 6839294
TI  - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system. Results of
      radiotherapy in 15 cases.
AB  - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the central nervous system is a rare
      disease. The number of cases reported in the literature does not exceed 200. The
      current series comprises 15 cases of primary NHL of the CNS. In 12 cases material
      for pathology was obtained at surgery. In the other three cases the diagnosis was
      established by cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The type
      of lymphoma was predominantly the diffuse lymphocytic type. All the patients
      received irradiation on the whole brain by means of two opposite lateral fields.
      The administered total doses were 40 Gy in four weeks in ten cases, 50 to 60 Gy
      in 5 to 6 weeks in four cases and 30 Gy in three weeks in one case. All but three
      patients are dead although initially a good tumor response was obtained as
      confirmed in most of the cases by CT scan. The mean survival of the dead patients
      was 14.5 months. No relationship was found between the administered dose and the
      relapse-free time. In six cases (40%) evidence of seeding was observed. Because
      of the poor results obtained with irradiation either of only the tumor bearing
      area or whole brain and because of the high risk of seeding through the CSF, the
      irradiation of the entire CNS is recommended in patients with primary NHL of the
      brain.

PMID- 6839293
TI  - Treatment of hepatic metastases by transaxillary hepatic artery chemotherapy
      using an implanted drug pump.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating an
      implantable, refillable drug infusion pump with transaxillary angiographic
      hepatic arterial catheterization. The implantation is performed under local
      anesthesia in the radiology suite. A 2-3 cm incision in the left upper arm is
      made through skin and subcutaneous tissue. Through an axillary artery puncture, a
      5.3F polyethylene catheter is fluoroscopically placed into the hepatic artery. To
      minimize gastroduodenitis, the gastroduodenal artery is occluded with a Gianturco
      coil and Gelfoam. The Model 400 Infusaid pump is implanted in the upper chest and
      attached subcutaneously to the angiography catheter using a friction connector.
      Patients are discharged 2-3 days later. Over a two-year period, 20 such implants
      have been performed. Floxyuridine (FUdR) has been used by continuous infusion;
      mitomycin-C (MMC) and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) by
      intermittent intra-arterial infusion. The pump/catheter system has been left in
      place for as long as 18 months. Partial responses in the colorectal cases are as
      follows: FUdR four of nine patients, MMC two of three, FUdR + MMC one of one, and
      FUdR + MMC + BCNU three of three. No arm vascular complications, hepatic arterial
      occlusions, peripheral emboli, pump malfunctions, or catheter occlusions took
      place over a total experience of 3210 patient days. Three catheter migrations
      occurred requiring repositioning in two patients, and three cracked catheters
      required replacement. This innovative approach offers a comfortable, convenient
      method for long-term ambulatory hepatic arterial chemotherapy obviating both
      laparotomy and extra-corporeal pumps.

PMID- 6839295
TI  - T-antigen does not induce cell mediated immunity in patients with breast cancer.
AB  - A total of 80 subjects with benign and malignant breast disease and healthy
      controls were studied for reactivity to T-antigen, MN-antigens and
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) using the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. No differences
      were detected between controls and patients with benign or malignant breast
      disease in reactivity to T- and MN-antigens. Moreover, there was no differential
      response to T- and MN-antigens among patients with breast cancer. PHA reactivity,
      although similar between groups as a whole, was diminished in patients with
      advanced carcinoma. These findings indicate that T-antigen fails to induce cell
      mediated immunity in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 6839296
TI  - Serial determinations of antiplatelet antibodies in a patient with Hodgkin's
      disease and autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - This case report describes a patient who presented with Stage IV B Hodgkin's
      disease and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Prior to the institution of therapy the
      presence of platelet-associated IgG was documented. When the patient was treated
      with steroids and chemotherapy, the thrombocytopenia resolved and platelet
      associated IgG disappeared. Splenectomy alone did not correct the
      thrombocytopenia. The literature on Hodgkin's disease and autoimmune
      thrombocytopenia is reviewed.

PMID- 6839297
TI  - Effects of in vitro hyperthermia on murine and human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of in vitro hyperthermia on the immune response of murine and human
      lymphocytes was investigated. Viability, blastogenesis and cytotoxic activity of
      murine lymphocytes were reduced at 39 and 42 degrees C hyperthermia. In human
      lymphocytes, rosette formation inhibition depended on heating-time and
      temperature. PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was markedly inhibited at 42
      degrees C, irrespective of the duration of exposure and of the origin of the
      cells, although it was enhanced in some patients at 39 degrees  C. Therefore, the
      possibility of hyperthermia-induced inhibition of the host immune response must
      be considered in clinical trials of total-body hyperthermia for cancer.

PMID- 6839298
TI  - Localized lymphoid nodules of lung. A reappraisal of the lymphoma versus
      pseudolymphoma dilemma.
AB  - Eleven patients with localized lymphoid nodules of the lung (LLN) were seen at
      the Mount Sinai Hospital from 1962-1981. The diagnosis of pseudolymphoma was made
      in six instances based on the following criteria: (1) solitary or multiple
      nodules discovered on chest roentgenograms composed of cytologically benign
      lymphoid cells (small lymphocytes); (2) polymorphic character of the infiltrate,
      including plasma cells, histiocytes and monocytes; and (3) presence of germinal
      centers in the lesion. Five lesions were classified as lymphomas and exhibited:
      (1) solitary or multiple nodules composed of atypical lymphoid cells; (2) absence
      of germinal centers; (3) lack of mediastinal lymph node involvement. Bronchial
      and/or pleural infiltration by lymphoid cells was present in lymphomas as well as
      in pseudolymphomas. Five lesions were studied with immunofluorescent techniques
      for the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and in one pseudolymphoma,
      lymphocyte marker studies were performed. The procedures were not useful in
      separating benign from malignant lesions. All patients underwent surgery; three
      with lymphoma and one with pseudolymphoma received adjuvant chemotherapy.
      Patients were followed post surgically for up to 13 years. None of the six
      patients with pseudolymphoma died as a result of their lesions but two had either
      recurrences or developed extrapulmonary lymphoid lesions. All five lymphoma
      patients did well. Only one died while on chemotherapy with invasive pulmonary
      aspergillosis but no tumor. One-hundred and sixty-seven reported cases from the
      literature are analyzed. Pulmonary pseudolymphomas do not necessarily follow a
      benign course and malignant lymphomas limited to the lungs do not usually undergo
      progressive disease. Present pathologic criteria do not allow prediction of
      recurrence or progression of disease and are not acceptable for determining the
      advocacy of chemotherapy in patients with LLN.

PMID- 6839299
TI  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. A report
      of three cases exhibiting different cytologic types.
AB  - Three individuals with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) developed acute
      non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) as a terminal event. The cytologic types were
      different in each case suggesting a transformation that may involve a
      pleuripotent stem cell. Eight previous cases of PNH terminating in acute leukemia
      have been reported which have also been ANLL in type. Whether PNH should be
      considered a myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative disorder remains to be seen.
      PNH has been considered a clonal disorder with several populations of
      erythrocytes being present. Cytogenetics in the current cases failed to reveal
      any karyotypic abnormalities during the time PNH was present. However, an
      abnormal clone appeared in two cases during the time leukemia supervened.
      Additional studies of PNH as a postulated clonal disorder may provide interesting
      knowledge for this uncommon disorder.

PMID- 6839300
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia detected by lectin
      binding and flow cytometry.
AB  - Flow cytometry was used to compare binding of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and
      Lens culinaris lectin (Lcl) to peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) from normal subjects
      and 26 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). As defined by the
      interactions of WGA and Lcl with cell surface receptors, normal unfractionated
      PBL and purified B-cells were heterogeneous, containing subclasses that bound to
      WGA (WGA+Lcl-), Lcl (WGA-Lcl+), both (WGA+Lcl+), or neither (WGA-Lcl-). By
      contrast, in 25 of 26 CLL patients, PBL were homogeneous with approximately 90%
      of cells binding one or both lectins. Apparent monoclonal tumor cell populations
      were identified in these patients corresponding to the normal lectin defined cell
      subclasses: WGA-Lcl- in 18 patients; WGA-Lcl+ in four patients; WGA+Lcl+ in three
      patients. Ten patients were studied sequentially on more than one occasion at
      intervals of five to 15 months. Lectin binding patterns remained stable within
      this time frame. These findings demonstrate that lectin binding may detect
      several CLL subclasses corresponding to lectin-defined subsets of normal PBL.
      Lectins can serve as useful tools for dissecting the heterogeneity of human
      lymphoproliferative diseases.

PMID- 6839301
TI  - The relationship between family history, exposure to exogenous hormones, and
      estrogen receptor protein in breast cancer.
AB  - Eight-hundred and thirteen patients were prospectively studied to examine the
      influence of family history and the prior use of exogenous hormones as
      covariables in the subsequent expression of estrogen receptor protein (ERP) in
      the primary tumor of patients with breast cancer. Cases were divided by menstrual
      status; there were 385 pre- and perimenopausal and 428 postmenopausal patients.
      The influence of prior exposure to estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in
      postmenopausal patients or oral contraceptives (OC) in pre- and perimenopausal
      patients on tumor ERP was analyzed controlling for family history: none, first
      degree (1 degree, mother or sister), second degree (2 degrees, grandmother or
      aunt), or both 1 degree and 2 degrees relatives. The results showed no influence
      of the prior use of ERT in postmenopausal women on subsequent tumor ERP. Among
      pre- and perimenopausal women, those with a family history of breast cancer in
      only a 1 degree relative, showed a borderline significant association between
      prior OC usage and subsequent tumor ERP. The use of OC was consistently
      associated with ERP negative tumors (9/9) whereas of 29 patients who had no prior
      OC exposure 17 had ERP negative tumors (P = 0.04, Fisher's Exact Test). Analysis
      of the prior exposure to OC, verified with the primary care physician or
      pharmacist, showed that these patients first used OC at the mean age of 32.2
      years, had used OC for a mean duration of 41.9 months and stopped OC use a mean
      of 79.5 months before being diagnosed as having breast cancer. These results
      suggest that in a subset of patients with breast cancer, and a first degree
      relative only who had breast cancer, prior exposure to OC may influence the
      subsequent ERP status of the tumor. This is not due to exogenous estrogen
      saturation of receptors as there was a long latent period between exposure and
      diagnosis. Alternative hypotheses as to the mechanism of selection of subsequent
      tumor ERP may be either inhibition of ERP positive preneoplastic or tumor cell
      clones early in the evolution of the tumor or early selection of a tumor capable
      of endogenous estrogen synthesis with receptor saturation.

PMID- 6839302
TI  - Family history, oral contraceptive usage, and breast cancer.
AB  - When breast cancer patients were grouped according to their family history of
      breast cancer striking differences were found in age distribution. Thus, the
      proportion of cases less than 45 years of age was grandmother greater than aunt
      greater than mother greater than FH-negative greater than sister. A similar FH
      related sequence was observed in regard to current OC usage among breast cancer
      patients less than 45 years of age. It also appeared that current oral
      contraceptive (OC) usage increased the risk of invasive breast cancer among
      grandmother- or aunt-positive women while decreasing the risk among FH-negative
      women. There are important practical and conceptual reasons for further studies
      of the influence of interactions between age, OC usage and family history on the
      stepwise development of breast cancer.

PMID- 6839303
TI  - Patient risk factors and surgical morbidity after regional lymphadenectomy in 204
      melanoma patients.
AB  - A series of 204 melanoma patients were studied six months or longer after
      regional lymph node dissection of the neck (N = 48), axilla (N = 98) and groin (N
      = 58) in order to determine the degree of morbidity and analyze for risk factors
      associated with these procedures. Only one-quarter of the patients experienced
      wound-related, short-term complications that were common at all sites; however,
      these rarely resulted in long-term functional deficits. Seromas (22%), temporary
      nerve dysfunction or pain (14%), and wound infections (6%) were the most frequent
      short-term complications. Wound complications extended the mean hospital stay by
      0.6 to 4.8 days. Residual lymphedema of the leg was measurable in 26% of groin
      dissection patients after six months or longer; most of the edema was confined to
      the thigh. Only 8% of patients had significant functional deficit from
      lymphedema. The risk of developing at least one complication for all patients was
      increased for obese patients (P = 0.05) and increasing age (P = .01). These risk
      factors should be considered when evaluating melanoma patients for regional lymph
      node dissection.

PMID- 6839305
TI  - Pentasomy 21 characterizing spontaneously regressing congenital acute leukemia.
AB  - Pentasomy 21 was found to characterize the proliferating cells in a case of
      transient congenital acute leukemia (or congenital acute leukemia) with
      spontaneous remission. The patient was phenotypically normal, and cytogenetically
      no evidence could be found for the existence of a mosaic with a normal cell line
      and one with more than two No 21 chromosomes. The importance of these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 6839304
TI  - Dermatomyositis associated with malignant melanoma. Parallel occurrence,
      remission, and relapse of the two processes in a patient.
AB  - A young man developed metastatic melanoma and classic dermatomyositis. With
      surgical extirpation of the metastasis, the dermatomyositis resolved only to
      reccur simultaneously with further metastases. To the knowledge of the authors,
      this case represents the best-documented parallel course of these two diseases.

PMID- 6839306
TI  - Fanconi's anemia: a cytogenetic study on lymphocyte and bone marrow cultures
      utilizing 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane.
AB  - Fanconi's anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive genetic trait characterized by
      congenital abnormalities, pancytopenia with a late onset, and increased
      chromosome instability. A great deal of heterogeneity exists in the disease,
      making an early correct diagnosis very difficult. Previously chromosome
      instability was used as a diagnostic tool but was found to be unreliable.
      Auerbach et al. have described the use of a difunctional alkylating agent,
      1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), in lymphocyte, fibroblast, and amniotic fluid
      cultures for the accurate diagnosis of homozygotes and heterozygotes for the FA
      gene. We report here the findings on lymphocyte and bone marrow cultures from 18
      FA homozygotes and 17 family members. Statistical analysis of the results with
      DEB at different concentrations showed a significant increase in induced
      chromosome breakage rates for homozygotes and heterozygotes when compared to
      those for a control group. The bone marrow cultures gave similar results.

PMID- 6839307
TI  - Cancer in relatives of patients with aplastic anemia.
AB  - The risk of cancer was examined among family members of 9 patients with Fanconi's
      anemia. Seven cancers of diverse types were observed, as compared with the 10.4
      expected (P greater than 0.05). In addition, the study of relatives of 60
      patients with acquired aplastic anemia showed no unusual distribution of cancers
      by site and age at diagnosis. In particular, no relative in either series had
      acute leukemia. Methodologic issues complicate the interpretation of several
      published reports of excess cancers among heterozygotes of Fanconi's anemia,
      ataxia-telangiectasia, and xeroderma pigmentosum.

PMID- 6839308
TI  - A Burkitt-type 8;14 translocation in a case of plasma cell leukemia.
AB  - In a 50-year-old patient with plasma cell leukemia, the leukemic cells were found
      to have a 14q+ marker chromosome derived from the same translocation as that seen
      in Burkitt's lymphoma, namely, t(8;14)(q24;q32). A 14q+ marker has been reported
      so far in 13 cases of plasma cell dyscrasia, but only in 3 of them was the origin
      of the extra material on the 14q+ identified by banding analysis. The present
      case is the first one shown to involve a 14q+ marker derived from a Burkitt-type
      8;14 translocation. Of particular interest is the association of the 8;14
      translocation with lymphoid malignancies of the B-cell lineage.

PMID- 6839309
TI  - The structure and origin of giant nuclei in human cancer cells.
AB  - The structure and origin of giant nuclei in human cancer cells were studied in
      two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Feulgen-squash preparations
      of untreated biopsies showed the following types of nuclei: fairly evenly stained
      nuclei, nuclei with distinct chromocenters from which individual chromosomes
      sometimes seemed to radiate, and nuclei with banded structures which we
      tentatively interpret as some type of "polytene" chromosomes possibly showing
      prophase chromomeres. In neither tumor did either the small or large nuclei
      display any X chromatin bodies. The main processes giving rise to the different
      types of nuclei are endoreduplication, true endomitosis, and a kind of
      polytenization. The multichromosome chromocenters that fell apart possibly
      represent polytene chromosomes separating into individual chromosomes.

PMID- 6839312
TI  - omega-Aminoalkyl beta-glycosides of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, and
      their conjugates with meningococcal group C polysaccharide.
AB  - The 6-aminohexyl beta-glycoside of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and
      its spacer-arm-linked analog (3.8 nm) were synthesized from 2-methyl-(3,4,6-tri-O
      acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyrano)-[2,1-d]-2- oxazoline, and coupled with
      meningococcal group C polysaccharide in attempts to enhance the immunogenicity of
      the polysaccharide antigen.

PMID- 6839311
TI  - Methyl beta-glycosides of N-acetyl-6-O-(omega-aminoacyl)muramyl-L-alanyl-D
      isoglutamines, and their conjugates with meningococcal group C polysaccharide.
AB  - Spacer arms 2.1-3.7 nm (21-37 A) long were prepared, and coupled with the methyl
      beta-glycoside of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine benzyl ester, to give
      blocked 6-acylates. Deprotection was effected with palladium chloride and
      triethyl-silane. Chemical conjugates of MDP-meningococcal group C polysaccharide
      were then synthesized, in attempts to enhance the immunogenicity of the
      polysaccharide antigen.

PMID- 6839310
TI  - Activity of fructanase in batch cultures of oral streptococci.
AB  - Several strains of oral streptococci produced fructanase when grown in the
      absence of D-fructan in a complex medium supplemented with D-glucose. The major
      part of the activity was extracellular, and only 1-5% was associated with the
      cells. Release of fructanase began early in the exponential phase and the enzyme
      was stable in the stationary phase for several h if the pH did not fall below 6.
      Among the strains of Streptococcus mutans, serotypes a, d, and g released the
      highest amount of fructanase, and the low level of enzyme produced by strains of
      serotype c was increased when D-fructose replaced D-glucose as carbon source for
      growth. Fructanase of S. mutans readily hydrolysed (2 leads to 6)-beta-D
      fructans, but (2 leads to 1)-beta-D-fructans and inulin were more resistant.
      Adsorption of fructanase to (2 leads to 6)-beta-D-fructan, or inhibition with
      Tris buffer, provided effective means of eliminating fructanase activity from
      culture filtrates. This procedure should permit a more accurate determination of
      fructosyltransferase activity of S. mutans strains.

PMID- 6839313
TI  - Comparison of the 13C-N.M.R. spectra of gangliosides GM1 with those of GM1
      oligosaccharide and asialo-GM1.
AB  - The 13C-n.m.r. spectra of asialo-GM1 and GM1-oligosaccharide are completely
      assigned and compared to those previously found for intact GM1 and for the series
      GM4, GM3, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. Removal of the ceramide residue from
      GM1 liberated a free, reducing aldehyde group, which was reflected in a doubling
      of the 13C-n.m.r. signals assignable to the D-glucose residue because of alpha,
      beta equilibrium. The spectrum of asialo-GM1 lacks the resonances from the sialic
      acid residue, as expected; in addition, several resonances from the neutral
      gangliotetraglycosyl residue shifted to different field positions after removal
      of sialic acid from GM1. These resonances include that of C-4 of the inner beta-D
      galactosyl residue, and C-1 of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residue that
      is near the site of attachment of the sialosyl residue. The differences between
      the chemical shifts of the carbon resonances of oligomeric and monomeric
      saccharides, termed linkage shifts, provide a quantitative assignment aid. They
      are approximately 1/3 of those for residues linked to sialic acid than those for
      residues linked to the neutral hexose chain. Correlations among linkage shifts
      for pairs of glycosidically-linked carbon atoms for asialo-GM1 and GM1
      oligosaccharide were compared with those for the series of gangliosides GM4 to
      GT1b, and differences are noted for resonances for carbon atoms near the sialic
      acid residue. The spectrum of ganglioside GM1b, a positional isomer of GM1 whose
      13C-n.m.r. spectrum has not yet been observed, is predicted.

PMID- 6839317
TI  - Aortic dissection.

PMID- 6839315
TI  - Purification of a new polysaccharide from Cyttaria johowii (Esp.) and studies on
      its antitumor activity.

PMID- 6839314
TI  - [Synthesis of the T-antigen trisaccharide O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1 to 6)-D-galactopyranose and O-beta
      D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galacopyranosyl)-(1 to
      6)-D-glucopyranose and their binding to proteins].
AB  - The synthesis of the trisaccharides O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1 to 6)-D-galactopyranose (15) and O
      beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)
      (1 to 6)-D-glucopyranose (27) is described and the synthesis of alpha-D
      glycosides by reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D
      galactopyranosyl chloride with highly reactive hydroxyl groups is discussed. The
      trisaccharide 27 was coupled with serum albumin by formation of an imine
      intermediate and reduced to an amine, to yield a synthetic T-antigen. A similar
      coupling of 15 was unsuccessful.

PMID- 6839316
TI  - Principles of conservative treatment of occlusive arterial disease.
AB  - Conservative medical treatment is indicated for patients who have stable symptoms
      of intermittent claudication without rest symptoms or signs, rapidly progressive
      disease, or disability interfering with gainful employment (see Fig. 1). Valuable
      general measures include meticulous care of the limbs, avoidance of trauma and
      infections, and maintenance of normal body weight. Cessation of tobacco smoking
      is extremely important, and a regimented exercise program is therapeutically
      beneficial (see Table 1). The high risk factors of diabetes mellitus and
      hypertension should be controlled. Hyperlipoproteinemia should be treated if
      present, but it is currently not known if treatment of elevated cholesterol or
      triglyceride levels prevents progression of or reverses the disease process. If a
      recent arterial occlusion is suspected, fibrinolytic therapy can be expected to
      benefit approximately one third of the patients. Anticoagulants and vasodilator
      drugs have not been shown to be of value. In patients with rest symptoms or
      signs, who are not candidates for surgical revascularization of the limb, bed
      rest with dependency of the limb in a warm environment, good foot care, and
      analgesics are most important. Ulcers should be treated with wet dressings to
      preserve granulation tissue, and parenteral antibiotics are used if infection is
      present. When rest symptoms or trophic lesions have disappeared or improved, the
      patient may be gradually ambulated but should continue to sleep with the head of
      the bed elevated and should maintain meticulous foot care.

PMID- 6839318
TI  - Acute venous thrombosis.

PMID- 6839319
TI  - Chronic venous insufficiency.
AB  - Chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity is a clinically recognized
      syndrome commonly found in the adult population; it is due to a disturbance of
      the venous outflow, most often as a result of venous valve insufficiency. In some
      persons it appears to be an inherent progressive degenerative disorder, and in
      others, a result of thrombophlebitis in the leg veins. Superficial venous
      insufficiency is benefited by surgical treatment, whereas deep venous
      insufficiency is controlled by means of elastic compression, elevation of the
      legs, and exercising of the leg muscles.

PMID- 6839320
TI  - Chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities.

PMID- 6839321
TI  - Pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6839322
TI  - Differential diagnosis of leg ulcers.

PMID- 6839323
TI  - Occlusive cerebral arterial disease.

PMID- 6839324
TI  - Occlusive renovascular disease.

PMID- 6839325
TI  - Lymphedema.

PMID- 6839326
TI  - Differential diagnosis of edema of the lower extremities.

PMID- 6839327
TI  - Antithrombotic therapy.

PMID- 6839329
TI  - Acute arterial occlusion.

PMID- 6839328
TI  - Principles and techniques of surgical treatment of occlusive arterial disease of
      the lower extremities.
AB  - Bypass grafting is perhaps best looked upon as a palliative procedure for a
      chronic problem. Ultimate graft failure might be expected, but attempts should be
      made to follow patients closely with physical examination and vascular laboratory
      studies. Perhaps earlier detection of recurrent stenotic lesions may allow
      reoperation prior to loss of the graft. It is hoped that the use of antiplatelet
      agents can further improve the long-term patency of vascular reconstructive
      procedures and thereby provide further palliation for chronic occlusive disease
      of the lower extremities.

PMID- 6839331
TI  - Vasospastic disorders.

PMID- 6839330
TI  - Occlusive arterial disease in the upper extremities.

PMID- 6839332
TI  - Aneurysmal disease.

PMID- 6839333
TI  - The transport of plasma lipids: basic and clinical research and relationship to
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - Research on the physiology and medical importance of the plasma lipids is a
      rapidly evolving field. Recent developments may have pointed the way to a future
      understanding of the chemistry of lipid-protein interactions, the clearance of
      atherogenic particles, the metabolic interactions between lipoproteins, and the
      regulation of lipid modifying enzymes. Along with basic research of this type,
      clinical trials now in progress may lead to much-needed insights into the
      epidemiology and prevention of clinical disease.

PMID- 6839334
TI  - [Hemodynamics and disorders of left ventricular function in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 6839335
TI  - [Activity of creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid and serum during focal
      cerebral ischemia. Clinical and biochemical correlations].

PMID- 6839337
TI  - [Contribution to the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin levels in outpatient
      diabetology practice].

PMID- 6839336
TI  - [Personal experience with the reinfusion of concentrated ascitic fluid in liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 6839338
TI  - [Penetrating injuries of the brain through the orbit. Importance of graphic
      examinations].

PMID- 6839339
TI  - [Meningiomas of the 3d ventricle. Microsurgial removal following diagnosis with
      computer tomography].

PMID- 6839340
TI  - [The facial nerve after surgery for acoustic neurinoma].

PMID- 6839341
TI  - [Radioimmunoanalytic determination of methionine-enkephalin].

PMID- 6839342
TI  - [Diagnosis of herniated disks using computer tomography].

PMID- 6839343
TI  - [Encephalo-myo-synangiosis as a supplemental revascularization procedure].

PMID- 6839344
TI  - [Reinforcement of lumbar spondylolistheses with Palacos R].

PMID- 6839345
TI  - A quantitative evaluation of pulmonary macrophage kinetics.
AB  - A new mathematical approach to the calculation of the kinetics of macrophages in
      a tissue compartment is presented. This approach, which takes into account the
      influx of monocytes into the compartment, the local division of mononuclear
      phagocytes, and the efflux of macrophages from the compartment, was applied to
      data on the pulmonary macrophages of mice in the normal steady state. The results
      show that at least 70% of the pulmonary macrophage population is supplied by
      monocyte influx and at most 30% by local division of immature mononuclear
      phagocytes originating from the bone marrow. The calculated turnover time of
      pulmonary macrophages is about 6 days, and the turnover amounts to 14.6 X 10(3)
      macrophages/hr.

PMID- 6839347
TI  - Blocking of the cell division by stress-inducing electrical stimulation. A study
      in rat oral epithelium.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to localize in the cell cycle, the site of
      the stress-induced blockage of cells entering the mitotic phase, and to estimate
      the length of time this block is effective. A total of 140 rats were subjected to
      electrical stimulation applied by a live metal grill in the bottom of their
      cages. Forty animals left undisturbed in the cages were used as controls. At
      various intervals after the start of electrical stimulation, groups of animals
      were killed and histologic sections were prepared of the palatal mucosa. The
      number of prophases, metaphases, and ana/telophases was counted in the epithelium
      in three sections of each animal. Electrical stimulation for 1 min resulted in a
      blocking of the entrance of cells into mitosis, followed by a transient increase
      in the number of mitotic figures to a level much higher than that of the
      controls. Electrical stimulation for 10 min resulted in the maintenance of the
      blocking effect for approximately 45 min. By renewed electrical stimulation the
      period of blockage was extended for a further 35 min. In each experiment the
      number of prophases decreased immediately after the start of electrical
      stimulation, indicating that the site of the blockage of the entrance of cells
      into mitosis is located near the G2/M transition.

PMID- 6839346
TI  - Cytophotometric measurement of the cellular DNA content of [3H]thymidine-labelled
      spheroids. Demonstration that some non-labelled cells have S and G2 DNA content.
AB  - Spheroids from the V279-171b and MCa-11 cell lines were incubated continuously
      for 24 hr in [3H]thymidine for labelling of the outer cells of the viable rim.
      The spheroids were dispersed into single cells, and the DNA content of
      photomapped cells was measured by absorption cytophotometry. Autoradiographs were
      then prepared from which we ascertained cellular labelling. For spheroids of both
      cell lines, we found a larger proportion of cells with a G0/G1 DNA content among
      the non-labelled inner spheroid cells than among the labelled outer cells (P less
      than 0.001). This block of non-labelled spheroid cells in G0/G1 was not a cell
      cycle perturbation caused by the isotope for the MCa-11 spheroids. Approximately
      8% of non labelled MCa-11 spheroid cells had S/G2 DNA content, suggesting that
      non-cycling cells in spheroids may be blocked in S and G2 as well as in the G0/G1
      phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 6839348
TI  - A comparison of the cell kinetics of pre-implantation mouse embryos from two
      different mouse strains.
AB  - The progression of pre-implantation mouse embryos through the first, second and
      third embryonic cell cycle was investigated cytofluorometrically. In contrast to
      most of the previous studies, the ova were spontaneously ovulated and the mating
      period of the ova donors was short (06.00-09.00 hours). The embryonic cells
      proceeded through the first, second and third cell cycle as a cohort. Thus it was
      possible to estimate the duration of the cell cycle phases directly from the DNA
      histograms. The length of the cell cycle phases differed between the embryos of
      the two different mouse strains. The most pronounced differences were found for
      the G2 + M phases (first cell cycle: 8 hr for Strain I and 5 hr for Strain II;
      second cell cycle: 11.5 hr and 14 hr respectively). However, in accordance with
      previous investigations, common features of the early pre-implantation cell
      kinetics were also observed: increasing length of the S phases from the first to
      the second cell cycle and very short G1 phases in the second and third cell
      cycle. The cell proliferation of the embryos of both strains after the third cell
      cycle was characterized by exponential growth. The proliferation rate was higher
      in Strain I embryos than in Strain II embryos (steeper increase of the growth
      curve). At the end of the pre-implantation development (hatched blastocysts), the
      growth curves of both strains decreased. The differences concerning the durations
      of the cell cycle phases and the proliferation rates are considered to be strain
      specific. It is suggested that the differences in the pre-implantation cell
      kinetics which have been described generally reflect the strain specificities
      more than different investigational methods and/or different grades of synchrony
      of early pre-implantation embryos.

PMID- 6839349
TI  - Fine structure of the sensory epithelium of guinea-pig organ of Corti: subsurface
      cisternae and lamellar bodies in the outer hair cells.
AB  - The fine structure of subsurface cisternae and lamellar bodies in the outer hair
      cells of the guinea-pig organ of Corti was studied with thin sections and freeze
      fracture replicas. Subsurface cisternae in the outer hair cells consist of
      multilayers along the lateral plasma membrane of the cell. The outermost layer is
      a flattened cistern in the upper part of the supranuclear region, but comprises a
      series of tubules in the lower part. Deeper layers are fenestrated cisternae in
      which disc-like areas are found in the upper part of the supranuclear region.
      Lamellar bodies consist of concentric layers of fenestrated cisternae and are
      located in the apical cytoplasm beneath the cuticular plate. They are continuous
      with the subsurface cisternae. In the supranuclear cytoplasm, bulges of the
      subsurface cisternae and the lamellar bodies are found. Dilated cisternae are
      also present. Some dilated cisternae contain many small vesicles, which display
      acid phosphatase activity. The dilated cisternae are considered as forms of the
      bulges undergoing transformation into multivesicular bodies. The possible role of
      the lamellar bodies, and the origin and fate of the subsurface cisternae are
      discussed.

PMID- 6839350
TI  - The electroreceptive ampullary organs of urodeles.
AB  - The system of lateral-line organs in urodeles was examined by the use of various
      light- and electron-microscopical techniques. The results show that, in addition
      to the well-known mechanoreceptive neuromast organs, a second type of receptor
      can be identified. This second type of organ was presumably seen by earlier
      workers, but they seemingly failed to point out the distinction between the two
      organs. The presently described organs are anatomically similar to the ampullary
      organs of various anamniotic species such as Brachiopterygii, sturgeons,
      lungfish, and silurids. In all these species the ampullary organs display only
      one afferent fiber but no efferent innervation and are situated around an
      ampullary enlargement in or below the epidermis as in urodeles. All ampullary
      receptors including those of urodeles are very sensitive to weak electrical
      fields. Similar to the situation in teleosts, the ampullae of urodeles show
      numerous microvilli but no kinocilia. All other nonteleostean ampullary receptors
      appear to possess only kinocilia as apical specializations but no microvilli.
      Current evidence suggests that the electroreceptive ampullary organs are as
      phylogenetically old as all other vertebrate sensory systems; they are now known
      to be relatively common among anamniotic vertebrates. Since all ampullary
      receptors share many common characteristics, it is assumed that they were derived
      from one phylogenetic precursor but have evolved certain peculiarities in each
      species not shared by other ampullary receptors.

PMID- 6839352
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the distribution and the function of the D
      galactose-specific lectins in the sponge Axinella polypoides (Schmidt).
AB  - The distribution of the two D-galactose-specific lectins within the sponge tissue
      of Axinella polypoides was studied by autoradiography and by an
      immunohistochemical method on paraplast- and cryosections. Both techniques
      revealed that the lectins are stored inside the vesicles of the spherulous cells.
      All spherulous cells, regardless of their appearance in the different types of
      tissue contained the lectins. Antibodies were purified from an antiserum that
      reacted with both lectin I and lectin II and from the same antiserum rendered
      monospecific for lectin I. The purified antibodies were used to demonstrate that
      lectin II is predominantly present in spherulous cells with small vesicles, and
      lectin I in those with large vesicles. Electron-microscopic studies revealed that
      the spherulous cells with small vesicles are derived from archaeocytes and
      transformed into spherulous cells with large vesicles, a process accompanied by
      the conversion of lectin II to lectin I. Histological investigations showed that
      the tips of the bush-like, branched sponge lack the central axis, a spongin fiber
      network that provides support and stability to the sponge tissue. However, the
      missing spongin network is already preformed by cell bundles that ultimately
      produce the numerous fiber strands of the central axis. These bundles are
      composed exclusively of spindle-shaped cells and the spherulous cells. Other
      areas where production of spongin fibers is expected are also enriched with
      spherulous cells. These findings and the reaction of lectin-specific antibodies
      with the spongin fibers indicate that spherulous cells, and thus the lectins, are
      involved in synthesis of spongin fiber. Sponges lacking spongin fibers, e.g.
      Aaptos aaptos and Geodia cydonium, produce lectins with different carbohydrate
      specificity and possess large numbers of spherulous cells.

PMID- 6839351
TI  - The localization of actin in dividing corneal endothelial cells demonstrated with
      nitrobenzoxadiazole phallacidin.
AB  - The distribution of actin in dividing endothelial cells of the rat cornea was
      studied by fluorescence microscopy by means of the nitrobenzoxadiazole conjugated
      derivative of the actin-binding toxin phallacidin (NBD-Ph). In normal noninjured
      tissue, fluorescence is limited to an area at or near the plasma membrane. Twenty
      four hours after a corneal freeze injury, stress fibers are detected but only in
      those cells that are migrating into the wound area. By 48 h post-injury, cells in
      various stages of mitosis can be identified. During metaphase, anaphase, and
      telophase, diffuse cytoplasmic staining is observed, although the spindle region
      remains free of fluorescence. At various sites along the plasma membrane,
      fluorescence appears stronger compared to other regions. During the latter two
      stages of proliferation, NBD-Ph positive material can be seen within cell
      processes. In addition, a band of this material is observed within the region
      that corresponds to the cleavage furrow. As the daughter cells separate, actin
      can be detected within the cytoplasmic bridge. The results indicate that NBD-Ph
      can be used to study the distribution of actin in cells that were proliferating
      in vivo, and these patterns appear similar to those obtained with immunological
      methods on cultured cells.

PMID- 6839353
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in the visual system of flies: the divided brain of male
      Bibionidae (Diptera).
AB  - The mapping of the compound eyes onto the visual neuropils and the cell types in
      the lamina and the lobula complex of Bibionidae (Diptera) were studied by means
      of extracellular cobalt injections and Golgi impregnations. Dorsal and ventral
      eyes in males map into separate dorsal-and ventral neuropils up to the level of
      the lobula complex. The dorsal-eye lamina is unilayered, while the ventral-eye
      lamina in males and the lamina in females are multilayered: layers A and C are
      invaded by en-passant terminals of long visual fibres, layer B by the terminals
      of short visual fibres. Long visual fibres have a short and a long terminal in
      the ventral medulla with terminal specialisations in three distinct layers. Only
      one type of receptor ending exists in the dorsal medulla, the terminal branches
      of which are restricted to one layer only. Arrays of contralateral neurones are
      found in the medial part of the dorsal lobula, which receives input from the zone
      of binocular vision of the ipsilateral dorsal eye, and in the posterior dorsal
      lobula and lobula plate. The dorsal lobula plate contains large tangential
      neurones, the dendritic arborisations of which are revealed by cobalt injection
      into the thoracic ganglia. The divided brain of male bibionids offers the
      opportunity to investigate separately the nervous systems involved in sex
      specific visually guided flight behaviour and in 'general' visually guided flight
      control.

PMID- 6839354
TI  - Variation in sperm morphology in the Australian rodent genus, Pseudomys
      (Muridae).
AB  - Sperm morphology among the various members of the genus Pseudomys showed great
      interspecific variation. In P. apodemoides, P. desertor, P. fumeus, P.
      gracilicaudatus, P. hermannsburgensis, P. higginsi and P. nanus the sperm head
      was bilaterally flattened and possessed three hooks, the length of which varied
      somewhat between species. The top hook contained nuclear, subacrosomal and
      acrosomal material, whereas the two lower ventral hooks displayed largely only an
      extension of the subacrosomal material. Four other species of Pseudomys had no
      ventral hooks in their sperm head. In P. novaehollandiae there was a single long
      top hook, whereas in P. pilligaensis it was almost nonexistent. Neither the sperm
      head of P. delicatulus, nor that of P. shortridgei possessed any hooks; the
      former became narrower towards the tip, whereas the latter was spatulate in
      shape. The acrosome covered about two thirds of the nucleus and varied
      considerably in shape between species. Insertion of the connecting piece of the
      tail occurred on the lower ventral side of the sperm head in all species with a
      long top hook but was nearly basal in P. delicatulus and midbasal in P.
      shortridgei. The ultrastructure of mid and principal pieces was similar among
      species, but the number of gyres of mitochondria ranged from about 64 to 100.

PMID- 6839355
TI  - Pseudopod formation and phagocytosis of milk components by epithelial cells of
      the bovine mammary gland.
AB  - The non-secretory epithelial cells which line the teat and lactiferous sinuses of
      the bovine mammary gland produce prominent pseudopodia which are able to ingest
      milk fat globules and casein micelles by phagocytosis. In the lactating gland,
      pseudopodia are uncommon and the phagocytosis of milk components less active than
      in the dry glands of cows which have not been milked for 2-3 weeks. Inside
      phagocytic vacuoles, casein micelles show morphological changes which suggest
      that digestion is taking place and the presence of acid phosphatase in vacuoles
      containing milk fat globules indicates that they too are degraded. The
      differences between lactating and dry glands in their phagocytic activity are
      reflected by corresponding differences in the number of epithelial cells
      containing acid phosphatase activity and in the intracellular distribution of the
      enzyme. It is suggested that the phagocytosis of milk components from the lumen
      of the dry gland assists in the resorption of milk and that the phagocytic
      potential of epithelial cells may, under some circumstances, play a role in the
      protection of the gland from invading bacteria.

PMID- 6839356
TI  - Sensitivity of an insect mechanoreceptor after destruction of dendritic
      microtubules by means of vinblastine.
AB  - Microtubules (Mt) are present in the modified cilium of epithelial
      mechanoreceptors of insects in three different arrangements: (1) 9 doublet Mt in
      the proximal region of the outer segment, (2) densely packed, interconnected Mt
      of the tubular body in the dendritic tip receiving the adequate stimuli, and (3)
      Mt between ciliary neck and tubular body, which are not fixed in a special
      configuration and therefore called free Mt. The free Mt are considered by some
      authors to be elements of intracellular signal transmission. This hypothesis was
      examined by electrophysiological and morphological studies on a tibial hair
      mechanoreceptor of a cricket (Acheta domesticus). Exposure of the receptor from
      the apical side to vinblastine disassembled the free Mt within 2 to 4 h, while Mt
      of the tubular body were only little affected during this time interval. In this
      state of Mt disassembly (up to 7 h of application) mechanosensitivity of the
      receptor is only slightly reduced or not at all. The pacemaker property of the
      dendrite for nerve impulse is also preserved. It is concluded that the free Mt
      are not elements of intracellular signal transmission and are not directly
      involved in mechanotransduction.

PMID- 6839357
TI  - GABAergic neurons in dissociated cultures of rat hypothalamus, septum, and
      midbrain.
AB  - Cultures of dissociated tissue blocks from 18 day-old rat embryos containing
      either septum plus anterior hypothalamus, retrochiasmatic hypothalamus, or
      midbrain, were maintained for 8-29 days in vitro. GABAergic neurons were
      visualized by incubation with (3H) gamma-aminobutyric acid followed by
      autoradiography and by immunocytochemistry using an antiserum against glutamic
      acid decarboxylase. Positive neurons were of variable shapes and sizes. Labeled
      neurons in the three cultured regions represented 3.4, 1.1 and 1.7%,
      respectively, of all neurons. Apart from a few exceptions, autoradiographic
      labeling and immunocytochemical staining coincided. Glial cells did not stain and
      showed very low grain densities. Radioactivity could be released from preloaded
      cultures upon depolarization by 50 mM potassium and 100 microM Veratridine. The
      demonstration of GABAergic neurons in cultures that are known to contain a
      variety of peptidergic neurons opens up the possibility of studying the
      interaction between the two classes of neurons in vitro.

PMID- 6839358
TI  - Genetic analysis of T-DNA transcripts in nopaline crown galls.
AB  - Plant crown gall tumor cells result from the insertion and expression of a
      defined DNA sequence, called T-DNA, which is derived from the Ti plasmid,
      harbored by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. To study the function of the genes
      of the T-DNA of the nopaline Ti plasmid, pTiC58, a collection of mutants was
      isolated so that T-DNA genes are inactivated either separately or in various
      combinations. It was found that no single T-DNA gene or T-region border is
      absolutely essential for stable tumor formation. We have identified the gene
      responsible for synthesis in transformed cells of the phosphorylated sugar,
      agrocinopine, and at least three additional genes controlling the morphology of
      plant tumors. Two of these latter genes work together to inhibit shoot formation
      and ensure efficient tumorous growth. Inactivation of these genes can be
      suppressed by the addition of auxins. The third gene inhibits root formation and
      appears to play a role in the cytokinin-independent growth of transformed cells.
      Mutants missing all three genes do not induce tumors, nor shoot or root
      formation, although the mutant T-DNA sequence is transferred to plant cells.

PMID- 6839360
TI  - Free H-Y antigen induces in vitro testicular differentiation of human XX
      embryonic indifferent gonads.
AB  - In accordance with the anchorage site hypothesis, Daudi beta 2-microglobulin (-)
      HLA (-) human male Burkitt lymphoma cells are incapable of stably maintaining H-Y
      antigen on their plasma membrane; instead, they excrete it into the culture
      medium. The proposed testis-organizing function of Daudi H-Y antigen in solution,
      previously demonstrated in bovine ovarian embryonic cells, has been tested for
      the first time in human undifferentiated gonads. Cultured in the presence of
      Daudi excreted H-Y antigen, gonads obtained from early human embryos of 46, XX
      chromosomal constitution underwent precocious and complete testicular
      differentiation.

PMID- 6839359
TI  - Cytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons.
AB  - We have induced the stable expression of muscle-specific genes in human nonmuscle
      cells. Normal diploid human amniocytes were fused with differentiated mouse
      muscle cells by using polyethylene glycol. The fusion product, a stable
      heterocaryon in which the parental cell nuclei remained distinct, did not undergo
      division and retained a full complement of chromosomes. This is in contrast with
      typical interspecific hybrids (syncaryons), in which the parental nuclei are
      combined and chromosomes are progressively lost during cell division. The human
      muscle proteins, myosin light chains 1 and 2, MB and MM creatine kinase and a
      functional mouse-human hybrid MM enzyme molecule were detected in the
      heterocaryons. Synthesis of these proteins was evident 24 hr after fusion and
      increased in a time-dependent manner thereafter. Our results indicate that
      differentiated mouse muscle nuclei can activate human muscle genes in the nuclei
      of a cell type in which they are not normally expressed, and that this activation
      occurs via the cytoplasm. The activators are still present in cells which have
      already initiated differentiation, are recognized by nuclei of another species,
      and do not diffuse between unfused cells. The reprogrammed amniocyte nuclei of
      stable heterocaryons provide a unique system in which to study the mechanisms
      regulating gene expression during cell specialization.

PMID- 6839361
TI  - Cell contacts and rearrangements preceding somitogenesis in chick embryo.

PMID- 6839362
TI  - Identification of the acrasin of Dictyostelium minutum as a derivative of folic
      acid.
AB  - The acrasin of the slime mold Dictyostelium minutum was isolated from aggregating
      cells and purified. The compound was species specific and more active in the
      aggregative than in the vegetative stage. Three observations strongly suggest a
      structural relationship between the acrasin and folic acid. (1) Folic acid
      inhibited acrasin degradation by D. minutum. (2) Methotrexate, an antagonist of
      chemotaxis towards folic acid, also inhibited the response to the acrasin. (3)
      The chemotactic response to an excess of folic acid was delayed. The response was
      also delayed to simultaneously tested low amounts of a related compound, but not
      to unrelated compounds (Van Haastert, 1982). The response to the acrasin was
      observed to be delayed by excess of folic acid. The acrasinase was identified as
      a folic acid C9-N10 splitting enzyme. Based on chromatographic properties and
      biological activity of the acrasin and folate derivatives, the chemical structure
      of the acrasin is discussed.

PMID- 6839365
TI  - Antibody-induced cell-cycle synchrony.
AB  - Synergism between specific antibodies and cytotoxic drugs in killing tumor cells
      is an established phenomenon. When cells grown in a suspension culture are
      treated with antibody, a subsequent increase in susceptibility to cytosine
      arabinoside has been shown to be due to the induction of cell-cycle synchrony.
      This observation may lead to a novel way of investigating cell-cycle-dependent
      processes and also an aspect of tumor-antibody interactions that is not generally
      recognized.

PMID- 6839364
TI  - Reactivity of the B6.C-H-2bm-1 mutant to the wild-type tumor EL4:
      characterization of the serological response.
AB  - Hyperimmunization of B6.C-H-2bm-1 (H-2bm-1), a congenic mutant of C57Bl/6J (B6),
      with the C57Bl lymphoma EL4 resulted in the induction of antibodies with apparent
      EL4 specificity. EL4 reactivity was demonstrable in H-2bm-1 anti-EL4 sera by
      complement-mediated cytotoxicity, absorption, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. By these same serological tests, H-2bm-1 anti-EL4 serum was found to be
      nonreactive with B6 normal lymphoid cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and two
      fibrosarcomas previously induced in B6 mice by methylcholanthrene. These data
      suggest that the serological response of H-2bm-1 to EL4 is directed against tumor
      associated antigens on EL4. These findings indicate that congenic mutants which
      differ from the wild-type strain at MHC Class I subloci, but which do not evoke
      serological responses to MHC components, may provide convenient sources for
      preparing serological reagents directed against tumor-specific antigens.

PMID- 6839363
TI  - T/T somite mesoderm is able to differentiate into cartilage in vitro.

PMID- 6839367
TI  - Activity of a kidney epithelial cell growth inhibitor on lung and mammary cells.
AB  - A kidney epithelial cell growth inhibitor, isolated from BSC-1 cell-conditioned
      medium, has been found to be active on certain lung and mammary gland cell lines
      in culture. The most responsive cell observed thus far is the CCL64 mink lung
      cell line. With CCL64 cells, 60% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation is
      observed at a 0.1 nanogram/ml concentration of the growth inhibitor, and
      approximately 95% inhibition at 1 nanogram/ml. A human mammary tumor cell line,
      Hs578T, shows 75% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, in cell culture.
      Preliminary studies indicate that injection of the kidney epithelial cell growth
      inhibitor in vivo into human mammary carcinomas growing in nude mice inhibits
      [3H]thymidine incorporation in the tumors.

PMID- 6839368
TI  - Recovery from growth inhibition in irradiated MO4 spheroids: suspension cultures
      versus explanted cultures.
AB  - Spheroids of MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells were irradiated with single doses of
      photons between 1 and 50 Gy. Growth of irradiated spheroids was followed in
      suspension culture and after explantation on glass. We found that MO4 spheroids
      recovered from higher doses of irradiation when they were explanted on glass than
      when they were kept in suspension culture. These results suggest that irradiated
      MO4 cell populations may become anchorage-dependent for growth.

PMID- 6839369
TI  - [Contribution to the polarographic determination of nitrofurantoin].

PMID- 6839366
TI  - Suppression of natural killer activity in human blood and bone marrow cultures by
      bone marrow-adherent OKM1-positive cells.
AB  - Maintenance and regulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity in human bone
      marrow cultures were studied using K562 leukemia cells as targets. Culture of
      bone marrow cells in medium supporting long-term generation of myeloid cells
      resulted in a rapid loss of NK activity in 1-3 days. In contrast, antibody
      dependent cytotoxicity to an NK-resistant tumor was maintained for more than 7
      weeks. Horse serum, a component of the myelopoietic culture medium, was found to
      diminish NK cytotoxicity of blood and bone marrow cultures whereas hydrocortisone
      supplement did not. In addition, an adherent cell is present in bone marrow which
      greatly inhibits NK activity. Nonadherent bone marrow cells exhibited higher
      cytotoxicity than unfractionated cells at all days of culture; adherent cells
      were not cytotoxic to K562. Purified adherent marrow cells inhibited the
      cytotoxic capacity of nonadherent blood or marrow mononuclear cells during
      coculture. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of protaglandin synthesis, augmented levels
      of NK activity in cultures of bone marrow cells, indicating that macrophages may
      be suppressing this effector function via prostaglandins. Further identification
      of the adherent suppressor cells came from experiments in which suppression was
      prevented by treatment of the adherent cells with monoclonal OKM1 antibody plus
      complement. This study shows that bone marrow-adherent OKM1-positive cells,
      presumably macrophages, negatively regulate NK activity, and it defines
      conditions for analysis of the generation and/or positive regulation of NK cells
      in human bone marrow.

PMID- 6839370
TI  - [Physical and physico-chemical properties of thiobenzamides. VII. The effect of
      substituents on hydrophobic properties].

PMID- 6839371
TI  - [Indications for and surgical tactics in retromyringeal myringoplasty].

PMID- 6839372
TI  - [Epidemiology of laryngeal carcinoma in the Western Bohemian Region from 1960 to
      1979].

PMID- 6839373
TI  - [Acinocellular tumors of the salivary glands].

PMID- 6839375
TI  - [Personal experience with cryotherapy of chronic inflammation of the tonsils].

PMID- 6839374
TI  - [Familial hyperthyroidism and cochlear hearing loss syndrome with manifestation
      at a young age].

PMID- 6839376
TI  - [Fibrosarcoma of the face treated with surgery and local intra-arterial
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 6839382
TI  - [Morphologic correlations of anti-tumor immunity. II. Reactions of the tumor
      stroma].
AB  - In three groups of oncological patients (with oral, stomach, and breast cancer),
      standard testing of the tumour stromal reaction was made in relation to life
      expectancy. The quantification of stromal reaction, cell infiltration topography
      and representation as well as necroses of tumour tissue were analysed. A direct
      correlation between the stromal reaction intensity and the life expectancy could
      be shown for the stomach cancer only for the time being. A close contact of the
      stromal and tumour cells in this cancer could be also interpreted as a favourable
      prognostic sign. When using this simple testing for oral and breast cancer there
      were some not quite positive hints of correlation.

PMID- 6839379
TI  - [The importance and types of graduate education of physicians in pathology].

PMID- 6839378
TI  - [Aneurysmal dilatation of the internal jugular vein].

PMID- 6839377
TI  - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses in an adult male].

PMID- 6839380
TI  - [Endomyocardial biopsy].
AB  - Endomyocardial samples from the right ventricle of 100 patients were taken by a
      Stanford University technique but only 93 of them were good for histology.
      Samples came from cardiomyopathy (29 patients) and other clinical diagnoses (64
      patients). Cardiomyopathy could be proved (3,4%) or conceded (58,6% by histology.
      In the group of other clinical diagnoses histopathological myocardial finding was
      not characteristical (53%) or was normal (47%) Light-optical endomyocardial
      biopsy seems to be a facultative approach of poor effect in cardiomyopathy. We
      are of the opinion that a more complex examination could ensure better diagnostic
      conclusions.

PMID- 6839383
TI  - [Changes in the pancreas after obliteration of the pancreatic ducts in a dog with
      Hydron].
AB  - The development of pancreatic changes was studied after obliteration of
      pancreatic ducts by means af 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate. The drug was injected
      into the main pancreatic duct of 15 dogs that were put to death successively and
      examined by histology. Necrosis of pancreatic duct epithelium was found in 4 days
      after the polymer administration in addition to focal periductal necrosis of
      acinar tissue and interstitial oedema with fibroblast activation. Later, a rapid
      development of fibrosis occurred which ensue in an extinction of exocrine tissue
      after 2 months. Pancreas consisted then but of connective tissue and cumulated
      Langerhans' islets with positive beta-granulations. Pancreatic ducts obliteration
      is a reliable method for selective inhibition of exocrine activity.

PMID- 6839384
TI  - [Encranius with multiple rudimentary fetus in fetu in a premature boy].
AB  - A premature stillborn boy with clinical diagnosis of hydrocephaly, produced
      shapeless material from his head during the delivery. The material reminding of
      teratoma in histology consisted of 21 minute rudimentary fetuses. Most of them
      had but lower extremities differentiated, some of them had amnion. Finding
      represents a fetal inclusion--encranius--with multiple intracranial "fetus in
      fetu."

PMID- 6839381
TI  - [Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle (healing of the cardiac wall rupture in a
      myocardial infarct)].
AB  - Rupture of the left ventricle in an infarction is nearly always ensued by a
      massive pericardiac haemorrhage and sudden death of cardiac tamponade. Quite
      exceptionally, haemorrhage can be confined in pericardiac adhesions which is
      followed by a pseudoaneurysm. Case of a 62 year old man is depicted who deceased
      suddenly 7 months after an acute posterior wall heart infarction. A voluminous
      pseudoaneurysm was found at the ruptured posterior wall of the left ventricle.
      Retrospective clinical evaluation fixed the heart rupture on the 10th day after
      infarction.

PMID- 6839386
TI  - [Multiple malformations of the central nervous system, choroid plexus papilloma
      and intraventricular meningioma].

PMID- 6839385
TI  - [Myeloproliferative syndrome].
AB  - Division of myeloproliferative syndrome is recommended based on 195 observer
      cases: A) Secondary myeloproliferative syndrome usually accompanies marrow
      carcinosis. It is characterized by non-destructive embryonal-type
      myeloproliferation occurring even outside the marrow excepting lymph nodes as a
      rule. There are neither specific changes in karyogram nor in alkaline phosphatase
      positivity. B) Idiopathic myeloproliferative syndrome is characterized (in
      comparison to A) by dysplastic changes especially in megakaryocytic line; it
      develops slowly tending to malignancy, namely leukemia or erythroleukemia that
      keep (unlike spontaneous leukemia) more severe dysplastic changes of
      megakaryocytes. Alkaline phosphatase is increased, atypical karyogram is not
      changed in Ph 1 region. C) Malignant neoplastic myeloproliferation of panmyelosis
      type is a primary destructive process akin to myelosis. Alkaline phosphatase is
      decreased, there are typical Ph 1 changes in karyogram and tumorous lymph node
      infiltration. Secondary myeloproliferative syndrome follows rarely and a mixed
      picture can be observed then, of course without severe megakaryocytic dysplasia.
      D) Myelofibrosis is an uncharacteristic final picture of various origin which
      neither develops in myeloproliferative syndrome or substitutionary extramedullar
      hemopoesis. Hesitation in oncological typing of idiopathic myeloproliferative
      syndrome cannot influence its nosological individuality. Exceptional and
      unexpected positive markers (alkaline phosphatase, Ph 1) occur in diagnostical
      practice from time to time; being unexplained they hinder from precise typing.

PMID- 6839387
TI  - [The autopsy examination and autopsy facility].

PMID- 6839388
TI  - [Our first experience with the antidepressive Hydiphen (clomipramine)].

PMID- 6839389
TI  - [Practical findings in the treatment of mental disorders in epileptic patients].

PMID- 6839391
TI  - [Quantification of neurological symptoms in severe alcoholics].

PMID- 6839390
TI  - [Hysterical marriages].

PMID- 6839392
TI  - [Lithium 1981].

PMID- 6839393
TI  - [Comparison of 3 therapeutic programs for neurotics. III. Results of factor
      analysis. Report from the P17 SPTR program].

PMID- 6839394
TI  - [The safety of examination and prevention of undesirable effects in
      catheterizations--selective coronarography].

PMID- 6839396
TI  - [The safety of central hemodynamics monitoring].

PMID- 6839395
TI  - [Complications of endomyocardial biopsy].

PMID- 6839398
TI  - [Complications in cardioangiography].

PMID- 6839397
TI  - [A new material for therapeutic embolization in an experiment on animals].

PMID- 6839399
TI  - [Megadolichocarotis interna. A contribution to diagnostic problems].

PMID- 6839400
TI  - [Benign hemangiomas of the soft parts of the extremities].

PMID- 6839401
TI  - [Complications in retrograde left-side cardiac catheterization].

PMID- 6839402
TI  - A reusable polyamide filter for diagnosis of S. haematobium infection by urine
      filtration.

PMID- 6839403
TI  - [Urbanization and health. XII. Prevalence of bacterial and viral entero
      infections in 2 Serer populations].
AB  - In two sample groups, natives of the same village, the first one having migrated
      in Dakar, the other one staying in rural environment, had been rated
      enterobacteries, enterovirus and intestinal parasites contamination. The rural
      population had been more infected than the migrants by Salmonella, Giardia
      intestinalis and sheltered against ascaridiose and trichocephalose. Bacterial and
      viral contamination, seemed to be more frequency and precocity in town
      environment, per contra prevalence of evocatives expression of tuberculosis was
      really increased in rural environment.

PMID- 6839404
TI  - [Urbanization and health. XIII. Bacterial and viral infections transmitted
      rhinopharyngeally in 2 Serer populations (endemic and migrant centers)].

PMID- 6839406
TI  - [Eradication or antimalaria control: return to training in malariology].
AB  - The persistent endemicity in tropical Africa, the repeated resurgences in India,
      in South-East Asia and in tropical America require flexible tactics adapted to
      the local conditions. One of the main factors of success relies on the formation
      in depth of the triad: the epidemiologist, the medical entomologist and the
      sanitary engineer, by means of an up to date training of malariology.

PMID- 6839405
TI  - [Arbovirus infections in Tunisia: new serological survey of small wild mammals].
AB  - Sera of 103 small wild mammals (rodents, insectivora, cheiroptera) trapped at the
      beginning of 1980 in different areas of Tunisia were studied for antibody against
      15 arboviruses. In inhibition haemagglutination tests, positive reactions were
      found against Dengue type 2 (2.2%), Tahyna (18.4%), Arumowot (42.7%) and Sicilian
      sandfly fever (31%) viruses. No antibody was found for 8 tick-borne viruses. In
      comparison with previous sero-surveys, our results indicated a fall of West Nile
      virus activity and the emergence of Tahyna virus. The possibility that wild
      cycles involving small mammals and the two phleboviruses may exist in Tunisia is
      discussed.

PMID- 6839407
TI  - [Ascaridian visceral larva migrans syndromes in the region of the Southern
      Pyrenees. Apropos of 48 cases].

PMID- 6839408
TI  - [Human hookworm infection in Guadeloupe (French Antilles)].

PMID- 6839410
TI  - Induction of liver cell tumours in IF mice by paracetamol.
AB  - Groups of male and female IF strain mice were fed a diet containing either 0.5%
      or 1.0% paracetamol for up to 18 months. Among male mice fed the higher dose, the
      total liver cell tumour incidence was 87%, 21.7% developing hepatocellular
      carcinomas: both yields were statistically significant. The corresponding
      incidence in high dose females was 19.2% and 4.3%, respectively, only the former
      being significant. Foci of cellular alteration were also present in the livers of
      high dose mice of both sexes and also in those of the low dose males.

PMID- 6839411
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of primary tracheal epithelial cell cultures.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat tracheal epithelial cells were treated with the chemical
      carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to quantitatively study
      the early events during neoplastic transformation. Epithelial cells were
      dissociated from tracheas of specific-pathogen-free Fischer-344 rats and were
      plated on collagen-coated tissue culture dishes. To determine cytotoxicity, cells
      were exposed on day 1 to various concentrations of MNNG for 3 h and colony
      forming efficiency (CFE) was determined on day 7. MNNG at a concentration of 0.1
      microgram/ml did not decrease CFE as compared to the control cultures, whereas 1
      microgram/ml reduced the CEF by 75%. For transformation studies, primary cell
      cultures received single exposures to MNNG (0.1-0.6 microgram/ml) or multiple
      exposures to 0.1 microgram/ml of MNNG for 3 h between days 1 and 17. In
      carcinogen-exposed cultures, morphologically altered foci appeared on day 18,
      recognizable by high cell density. Transformation frequencies between 1 and 8%
      were observed depending on MNNG concentration. Cultures containing altered foci
      continued to grow during the third and fourth week when control cultures had
      ceased to proliferate and exfoliated from the dish. Over 40% of the cultures
      which received multiple exposures to MNNG acquired cell line status and could be
      subcultured greater than or equal to 20 times. None of the 30 control cultures
      became cell lines. Seventy per cent of MNNG-exposed cell lines showed the
      anchorage independent growth phenotype at passage 20 as judged by growth in
      agarose. Four of 10 cultures exposed either 6 or 8 times to MNNG formed invasive
      squamous cell carcinomas at passage 20 upon inoculation into nude mice. Based on
      these and previous studies, we feel that unrestricted cell replication is an
      early key event in carcinogen-exposed epithelial cell populations, preceding
      neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 6839409
TI  - [Health status in Mayotte in 1981].

PMID- 6839413
TI  - Carcinogenic metabolites of 5-methylchrysene.
AB  - Synthesis is described of trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-5-methylchrysene and
      trans-1,2-dihydroxy-anti-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene,
      implicated as the proximate and ultimate carcinogenic metabolites, respectively,
      of the potent environmental carcinogen 5-methylchrysene.

PMID- 6839412
TI  - In vitro and in vivo incorporation of 63Ni[II] into lung and liver subcellular
      fractions of Balb/C mice.
AB  - The binding of nickel to proteins in lung and in liver was investigated by
      analysis of 63Ni[II] incorporation into the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal
      and soluble fractions. Three different procedures were performed: (i) in vitro
      incorporation, (ii) a time course study of in vivo incorporation where the
      animals were sacrificed after 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after a single i.p. injection
      of 63NiCl2, (iii) in vivo incorporation after 7 successive i.p. injections of
      63NiCl2 every 24 h and the animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection.
      In all cellular fractions (except the nuclear fractions) we could observe several
      nickel-binding proteins regardless of the type of incorporation performed. Most
      of these proteins were revealed after in vitro as well as in vivo incorporation,
      some of them, however, were labelled only after in vitro incorporation, others
      only after in vivo incorporation. Some proteins can only be revealed after
      successive injections. In addition, the 63Ni-labelled proteins are not all the
      same at the beginning of the incorporation (30 min) as after longer periods (1
      and 2 h). The lung fractions (especially the mitochondrial fraction) were always
      more highly labelled than the liver fractions. These biochemical investigations
      not only confirm that the lung is a target organ for nickel-retention, but also
      demonstrate that Ni is preferentially bound to its mitochondrial and microsomal
      fractions. It is shown here that several cellular proteins are implicated in the
      transport and the metabolism of nickel in the cell.

PMID- 6839414
TI  - Enhancement of the skin tumor-initiating activity of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons by methyl-substitution at non-benzo 'bay-region' positions.
AB  - The effect of substituting a methyl group at the non-benzo 'bay-region' site of
      several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on skin tumor-initiating activity was
      determined. A methyl group at this position enhanced the tumor-initiating
      activity of dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene and 7
      methyldibenz[a,j]anthracene, but not of dibenz[a,c]anthracene. 2,3,7,8
      Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was an effective inhibitor of skin tumor initiation
      by 7,14-dimethyldibenz-[a,h]anthracene and 3,6-dimethylcholanthrene. There
      appears to be a general rule regarding methyl-substituted hydrocarbons: where a
      'bay-region' exists in a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule, methyl
      substitution at the non-benzo 'bay-region' site results in enhanced tumor
      initiating activity. The effect of methyl substitution in this position can be
      most simply explained as due to enhancement of the reactivity of the benzo ring
      through distortion of the aromatic ring system from planarity. The consequences
      of this effect are discussed.

PMID- 6839415
TI  - Mutagenesis and morphological transformation by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine in the BALB/3T3 clone A31-1-1 cell line.
AB  - Concomitant induction of ouabain resistant mutations and morphological
      transformation in the BALB/3T3 ClA31-1-1-c mouse embryo cell line were obtained
      after a 30 min treatment with the direct alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Parameters affecting mutation frequencies were
      determined. The optimal expression time (48 h) for ouabain resistance was
      independent from the dose of the carcinogen. A linear dose-response relationship
      for mutation induction was found after treatment with increasing doses of MNNG.
      The ratio of malignant transformation to mutation frequencies induced by the
      short treatment with MNNG was found to be within the same order of magnitude over
      a four-fold dose range. The development of a mutational assay for ouabain
      resistance in the BALB/3T3 ClA31-1-1-c cell line makes quantitative comparisons
      possible between mutation and neoplastic transformation frequencies induced by
      chemical carcinogens in this single cellular system.

PMID- 6839417
TI  - Early lesions during pancreatic carcinogenesis induced in the Syrian hamster by
      DHPN or DOPN. II. Ultrastructural findings.
AB  - The ultrastructure of multi-locular cystic lesions and atypical epithelial
      proliferations arising in the Syrian hamster pancreas prior to the appearance of
      carcinomas during treatment with the related carcinogens di-hydroxy-di-n-propyl
      nitrosamine and di-oxo-di-n-propyl nitrosamine was compared in order to assess
      the role these lesions play in tumourigenesis in this model. Whereas the cells of
      low cuboidal ductular morphology forming multi-locular cystic lesions
      demonstrated basic fine structural similarities to normal ductular epithelium the
      columnar cells prevalent in atypical epithelial proliferations exhibited marked
      alterations reminiscent of ultrastructural features present in many cells of
      carcinomas. Most conspicuous amongst these changes were production of mucous
      granules and occurrence of goblet type cells, glycogen accumulation, nuclear
      abnormalities and thickening and interruption of the basement membrane. The
      ultrastructural findings support the view that the atypical proliferations
      showing alteration in carbohydrate metabolism are precursors for pancreatic
      carcinomas in the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 6839418
TI  - Formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine in Styles' cell transformation assay.
AB  - A dose-dependent increase in the transformation rate in Styles' cell
      transformation assay using BHK-21/cl.13 cells was observed after exposure to
      formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine. The toxic and transforming effect was
      equal after exposure to 20 micrograms/ml of formaldehyde or 1000 micrograms/ml of
      hexamethylenetetramine which is slowly hydrolysed in aqueous solution to form
      ammonia and formaldehyde.

PMID- 6839416
TI  - Reanalysis and clarification of the structures of alpha-naphthoflavone
      dihydrodiols formed by uninduced and induced rat liver microsomes from Charles
      River CD and Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The structures of alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) dihydrodiols formed by uninduced and
      induced rat liver microsomes are identified by conversion of the metabolically
      formed ANF-dihydrodiols to the corresponding phenols. Comparison of these phenols
      with synthetic standards provides an unambiguous method for structural
      identification. The results of these studies are that hepatic microsomes from
      uninduced or phenobarbital, Aroclor-1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, or 5,6
      benzoflavone induced Sprague-Dawley or Charles River CD rats each produce a major
      and a minor ANF-dihydrodiol identified as ANF-7,8-dihydrodiol and ANF-5,6
      dihydrodiol, respectively.

PMID- 6839419
TI  - Effects of manganese compounds on carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide in rats.
AB  - The effects of manganese compounds upon the carcinogenicity of alpha Ni3S2 were
      tested in male Fischer rats. In Experiment I, rats were given i.m. injections of
      alpha Ni3S2 (2.5 mg) and Mn dust (2.0 mg), singly or in combination. By 100
      weeks, sarcomas occurred at the injection site in 0 of 24 rats in the vehicle
      control group, in 0 of 24 rats that received Mn dust alone, and in 23 of 24 rats
      that received alpha Ni3S2 alone. Combined administration of alpha Ni3S2 plus Mn
      dust as a single i.m. injection resulted in sarcomas in 14 of 23 rats (p less
      than 0.05 versus alpha Ni3S2 alone). In rats that received injections of alpha
      Ni3S2 in one thigh and Mn dust in the opposite thigh, the sarcoma incidence at
      the site of alpha Ni3S2 injection was 24 of 24 rats. In Experiment II, rats were
      given i.m. injections of alpha Ni3S2 (1.2 mg) and Mn compounds (MnS, Mn2O3, MnO2
      or MN2(CO)10, in dosages equivalent to 1.0 mg of Mn), singly or in combination.
      No sarcomas occurred at the injection site in rats that received the vehicle or
      any of the manganese compounds alone. Sarcomas occurred in 13 of 27 rats that
      received alpha Ni3S2 alone; this sarcoma incidence was not reduced by admixture
      of any of the Mn compounds. The median tumor latent period and the median
      survival period were significantly longer (p less than 0.05) in rats that
      received MnS plus alpha Ni3S2, compared with rats that received alpha Ni3S2
      alone, suggesting that MnS may have weak anticarcinogenic effect. These
      experiments demonstrate that inhibition of alpha Ni3S2-carcinogenesis by Mn dust
      is a local rather than a systemic effect, and that, with the possible exception
      of MnS, the other manganese compounds that were tested are ineffective as
      inhibitors of alpha Ni3S2-carcinogenesis.

PMID- 6839420
TI  - Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations induced by tryptophan pyrolysis
      products on rat hepatocytes in primary culture. I. Action on the transcriptional
      process.
AB  - Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture were used to study the effect of
      tryptophan pyrolysis products on the transcriptional process. Hepatocytes were
      treated with 1, 5 and 10 micrograms/ml of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]
      indole (Trp-P-1) or 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]-indole (Trp-P-2) for 2 and
      4 h. The ultrastructural study revealed the appearance of nucleolar
      microsegregation accompanied by a reduction in peri- and interchromatin fibrils
      and granules in hepatocytes exposed to 10 micrograms/ml of each pyrolysate for 1
      or 2 h. Biochemical investigation showed that the incorporation of [3H]uridine
      into nuclear RNA of treated hepatocytes was strongly decreased. Time- and
      concentration-related inhibition have been established; however, the inhibitory
      effect of Trp-P-1 was always superior to that of Trp-P-2. The determination of
      Mg2+-dependent RNA polymerase activity in an in vitro system functioning with
      isolated rat liver nuclei incubated in the presence of Trp-P-1 or Trp-P-2 showed
      a 40% inhibition of this activity. After a 1-h exposure of hepatocytes to 5 and
      10 micrograms/ml of Trp-P-1, the recovery of RNA synthesis capacity was complete
      by 2 h and that of normal ultrastructural aspect was achieved within 4 h. All
      these results indicated that Trp-P-1 and Try-P-2 acted at the nucleolar level by
      a blockade of pre-rRNA synthesis and at the extranucleolar by decreasing the
      ultrastructural RNP responsible for hnRNA synthesis.

PMID- 6839421
TI  - Inhibition of endogenous nitrosation of proline in rats by lyophilized beer
      constituents.
AB  - Various amounts of lyophilized beer were administered to rats dosed with proline
      and sodium nitrite. N-Nitrosoproline (NPRO) excreted in the 24-h urine was
      monitored as an index of endogenous nitrosation. In vitro formation of NPRO was
      determined after 15-min incubation of the same precursor solutions. Both in vivo
      and in vitro nitrosation of proline was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by
      lyophilized beers of different brands; the effects in vitro were most pronounced
      at pH below 4. The highest inhibitory effect was with beers with a high total
      polyphenolic content. Our results demonstrate that ingredients present in this
      widely consumed beverage inhibit endogenous nitrosation.

PMID- 6839423
TI  - Effect of sustained norepinephrine infusion on local cerebral blood flow in the
      rat.
AB  - In order to elucidate the possible role of noradrenergic hyperactivity in
      producing disturbances of cerebral circulation during hemorrhagic shock, the
      effect of prolonged norepinephrine infusion on local cerebral blood flow was
      studied in anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Intravenous infusion of
      20 micrograms/(kg.min) norepinephrine for 2 hr produced circulatory shock
      characterized by progressive hypotension and acidosis. As a result, local
      cerebral blood flow, which was determined by autoradiography employing 14C
      labeled iodoantipyrine in 79 different anatomical structures, decreased
      substantially in many areas. The most pronounced reductions were found in the
      regions supplied by the internal carotid artery, whereas the blood flow of the
      vertebral territory remained close to control. The blood supply of the cerebral
      cortex exhibited extreme heterogeneity with flow values below 0.10 ml/(min.gm).
      When either the intensity or the length of the infusion was reduced, no signs of
      circulatory breakdown could be observed. Variation of the infusion parameters
      demonstrated the dose-dependent nature of the cerebral blood flow response.
      Preinfusion blockade of alpha-receptors with 5 mg/kg phenoxybenzamine prevented
      the development of circulatory shock and reversed the decrease in cerebral blood
      flow induced by norepinephrine. The experimental results support the hypothesis
      that high concentration of norepinephrine in the vicinity of cerebral vessels
      produced by sympathetic hyperactivity might be an important factor in the
      etiology of blood flow deficiencies.

PMID- 6839422
TI  - Effect of ovarian hormones on the induction of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced
      mammary cancer.
AB  - The concomitant administration of 20 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol and 4 mg
      progesterone/injection (5 days/week) over a 40-day treatment period beginning 10
      days after methylnitrosourea (MNU) treatment was as effective as ovariectomy in
      inhibiting mammary cancers (an 84% reduction from non-hormone treated rats). The
      primary action of the hormones must have been directed at preneoplastic cells
      since the hormones were not given until 10 days after MNU (a direct-acting
      carcinogen with a short half-life).

PMID- 6839425
TI  - Effect of injury on the reflex control of pulse rate in man.
AB  - The changes in pulse rate elicited by a Valsalva maneuver, a maximal inspiration
      and a passive head-up tilt, have been measured in patients within a few hours of
      limb injury before definitive treatment and in control subjects. The injuries
      were of minor or moderate severity. In all those tested in the Valsalva maneuver,
      the pulse rate increased during phase 2 and decreased during phase 4 of the
      response, and both changes were directly related to the initial pulse rate. In
      controls the increase in pulse rate during phase 2 was greater when the maneuver
      was performed at 40 mm Hg than at 20 mm Hg, but after injury this difference was
      not seen and the increases at 20 mmHg and at 40 mm Hg were the same as in
      controls at 20 mm Hg. The bradycardia during phase 4 was less in injured patients
      than in controls. The responses returned to normal during recovery. The increase
      in pulse rate during a maximal inspiration was not affected by injury. When the
      controls were given a head-up tilt the pulse rate increased, the rise depending
      on the angle of the tilt. A proportion of the injured patients, which increased
      with the severity of the injury, did not show this response, for the pulse rate
      decreased at the higher angles of tilt.

PMID- 6839424
TI  - Effects of naloxone on hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and metabolic variables in
      canine endotoxin shock.
AB  - The effects of naloxone (2 mg/kg body weight) on hemodynamics, oxygen transport,
      and some metabolic variables were studied in mongrel dogs under general
      anesthesia and controlled ventilation. All 19 dogs received Escherichia coli
      endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) and subsequently were randomized into three groups. The
      first group (N = 7) served as a control group in which at 90 min after endotoxin
      (t 90), NaCl (0.65%, 4 ml/kg) was infused during 30 min. In the second group (N =
      7) naloxone (2 mg/kg) dissolved in the same amount of fluid was administered at t
      90 in 30 min. In the third group (N = 5) naloxone (2 mg/kg) was injected as a
      bolus in 5 ml NaCl (0.65%) at t 90, which was followed by NaCl (0.65%, 4 ml/kg)
      infused in 30 min. Differences in the three groups after intervention were tested
      statistically. After naloxone, blood pressure, cardiac output, and left
      ventricular stroke work increased significantly. Although oxygen availability
      increased, oxygen consumption and serum lactate did not change when compared with
      the control group. As to all other measured and calculated variables, no
      systematic differences were found in the three groups. In six dogs, plasma beta
      endorphins were measured and were shown to rise substantially after induction of
      endotoxin shock. As to the hemodynamic changes, our observations confirm data
      from the literature. Naloxone apparently improves hemodynamics in endotoxin
      shock, but at least in this study fails to influence oxygen consumption and serum
      lactate levels.

PMID- 6839426
TI  - Mesenteric blood flow response to dopamine infusion during myocardial infarction
      in the awake dog.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effects of dopamine on the superior
      mesenteric arterial circulation of conscious dogs subjected to experimental
      myocardial infarction. Electromagnetic blood flow transducers were implanted on
      the superior mesenteric artery in 10 dogs. Direct infusion into the superior
      mesenteric artery of dopamine (2.5 micrograms/kg/min) after induction of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) revealed a steadily decreasing ability of dopamine to
      produce mesenteric vasodilation; 4 hr after AMI, infusion of dopamine decreased
      mesenteric resistance only 14 +/- 0.05%, which was significantly less (P less
      than 0.001) than during the control period when it decreased resistance 41 +/-
      1.0%. Isoproterenol (N = 3) produced substantial increases in flow, despite the
      reduction in effectiveness of dopamine. Treatment of the 10 dogs with
      phenoxybenzamine, 5 mg directly into the superior mesenteric artery, restored the
      ability of dopamine to dilate the mesenteric bed. Beta-adrenergic blockage did
      not affect the dopaminergic vasodilation after alpha-blockade. The results of
      this study question the efficacy of dopamine to produce mesenteric vasodilation
      in the face of increased resistance in the splanchnic circulation during the
      acute myocardial infarction complicated by hypotension.

PMID- 6839427
TI  - Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline or lactated Ringer's
      (effect on the pulmonary and systemic microcirculations).
AB  - We compared the use of hypertonic salt solution (300 mEq Na/liter) with Ringer's
      lactate as an initial resuscitation fluid for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
      We monitored vascular pressures and cardiac output as well as microvascular
      function using chronic lymph fistulae in the lung and soft tissues to reflect
      transvascular fluid and protein flux. Seven unanesthetized sheep were bled to an
      aortic pressure of 50 mm Hg (2 hours) on two occasions 4-5 days apart, and were
      resuscitated initially with either lactated Ringer's (LR) or hypertonic saline
      (HS) to restore left atrial pressure to baseline. This was followed later by the
      blood return. We found that cardiac output with HS was significantly increased
      over that with LR, 8.9 +/- 1.8, compared with 6.0 +/- 1.1, in the immediate
      postresuscitation period with comparable volumes in both groups. Urine output was
      increased twofold with HS over LR. The initial pulmonary hypertension seen with
      LR was eliminated with HS. Lymph flow in lung and soft tissue increased to a
      comparable degree in both groups, the increase being explained by the degree of
      plasma hypoproteinemia which was present. We conclude that HS increases cardiac
      output with less net fluid, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance, and does not
      result in more edema formation when compared with lactated Ringer's as an initial
      fluid for treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 6839428
TI  - Relationship of pulmonary edema after hemorrhagic shock to intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - We examined the relationship between hemorrhage-induced alterations in the
      extravascular lung water content and the degree of intravascular coagulation in
      nonheparinized dogs. The severity of pulmonary edema was assessed by the
      extravascular lung water content to bloodless dry lung weight ratio (W/D), and
      the degree of intravascular coagulation in the lung was assessed by prior
      injection of 125I-labeled fibrinogen. Pulmonary edema developed in only 4 of 12
      dogs (ie, W/D ratio of 4.86 +/- 0.12 ml/gm vs 3.21 +/- 0.056 in controls), while
      in others the W/D ratio of 3.23 +/- 0.11 was in the normal range. The animals
      that developed pulmonary edema also had increased 125I-activity in the lungs,
      while the activity was not increased in dogs that did not develop pulmonary
      edema. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased to the same extent in both
      groups, while arterial pO2 decreased and venous admixture increased during
      hemorrhage only in dogs that developed pulmonary edema. Pulmonary blood volume
      decreased in dogs with pulmonary edema, and the decrease was largely confined to
      the dependent lung regions. The results suggest the activation of intravascular
      coagulation and pulmonary thromboembolization in only those dogs developing
      pulmonary edema. The relationship of intravascular coagulation to edema in these
      animals suggests that the edema was due to activation of cellular (eg,
      granulocytes) or humoral factors (eg, fibrin degradation products) associated
      with intravascular coagulation. However, most dogs subjected to hemorrhage did
      not have intravascular coagulation in lungs and did not develop pulmonary edema.
      Thus, differences in activation of intravascular coagulation may explain why
      pulmonary edema does not commonly occur after hemorrhage.

PMID- 6839431
TI  - Mean oxygen permeability of four flexible contact lens materials.

PMID- 6839429
TI  - The ideal intraocular lens.

PMID- 6839430
TI  - Diagnostic tests in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 6839432
TI  - Power change induced by soft contact lens flexure.

PMID- 6839433
TI  - Poly=poly.

PMID- 6839434
TI  - Effects of pH and some common topical ophthalmic medications on the contact lens
      Permalens.

PMID- 6839435
TI  - The genesis of organic deposits on soft contact lenses.

PMID- 6839437
TI  - Characteristics of the cellular composition, especially the lymphocyte sub
      populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with summer-type
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
AB  - The pathogenesis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which often occurs
      in Japan, was examined by analysing the cell profile, especially the lymphocyte
      sub-populations, of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from these patients: twenty-two
      normal volunteers and fourteen patients with localized lung cancer as controls.
      Lymphocyte sub-populations were determined by the micro-testplate method. In the
      bronchial fluid of the summer hypersensitivity groups, the total cell number was
      much higher (five to ten times) than in the control groups, and the percentage of
      lymphocytes reached 84.2 +/- 5.1% (mean +/- s.e. mean); the percentage of T
      lymphocytes was significantly increased (95.6 +/- 1.0%), but that of B
      lymphocytes (3.2 +/- 0.6%) was similar to that of the control groups, though the
      absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes were higher than in the control groups.
      In the peripheral blood of the summer hypersensitivity group, the percentage of B
      lymphocytes was significantly higher than that found in the normal volunteers,
      but that of T lymphocytes was not increased. Cellular changes in bronchial fluid
      were more evident than changes seen by X-ray examination and are considered to be
      a good parameter of the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is
      considered that cell-mediated immunity as well as the Arthus reaction may be
      intimately related to the pathogenesis of summer-type hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis.

PMID- 6839436
TI  - Long-term wear of Polycon contact lenses in keratoconus.

PMID- 6839438
TI  - The effect of inhaled verapamil on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.
AB  - In eight patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma the effect of inhaled verapamil
      (3 and 6 mg) was compared with saline on bronchial challenge with extracts of
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. There was no significant difference in the
      baseline FEV1 before and after inhalation of saline or verapamil 2.5 mg/ml.
      However, verapamil at a higher concentration (5 mg/ml) caused bronchoconstriction
      in four patients who had to be excluded from the part of the study. Verapamil at
      both these concentrations failed to have an effect on the allergen-induced
      bronchoconstriction. These findings suggest that verapamil given by inhalation
      does not prevent mediator release from the lung mast cells following specific
      allergen challenge.

PMID- 6839439
TI  - Modified rapid venom desensitization.
AB  - The clinical and immunologic response to a modified rapid (r) regimen of venom
      immunotherapy was evaluated and compared to a traditional (t) therapeutic
      regimen. Nineteen patients in the r group received a starting dose of 0.01
      microgram and reached a maintenance dose of 50 micrograms in 7 weeks. Twelve
      patients in the t group received an average of twenty-one injections on a weekly
      basis, reaching the same maintenance dose. The age and sex distribution and pre
      treatment venom-specific IgE titres (RAST) of both groups were comparable. There
      were thirteen local reactions to venom therapy in both groups and no systemic
      reactions. Following therapy, most patients developed a rising titre of serum
      venom-specific IgG (V-IgG). Serum venom-specific IgE (V-IgE) changes were similar
      in the two groups; over half of the patients had a falling titre when on
      maintenance dose. Twelve patients were re-stung after reaching maintenance dose.
      Only one developed a mild systemic reaction, an individual who failed to show a V
      IgG response with rapid therapy. Five of nine patients did not have an anamnestic
      V-IgE response. This rapid method of venom immunotherapy appears to be safe,
      clinically effective, and comparable to traditional dosing without additional
      adverse reaction.

PMID- 6839440
TI  - Value of the case history in the diagnosis of allergic state and the detection of
      allergens.
AB  - Detailed histories taken in eighty-one patients suffering from perennial asthma
      and rhinitis were analysed independently by three trained allergists and their
      conclusions were compared to the results of three tests: (1) concentration of
      total serum IgE; (2) skin tests and (3) radioallergosorbent test (RAST). In
      eleven patients (14%), the three investigators disagreed when estimating the
      allergic nature of the symptoms. Ten out of forty-four patients (23%),
      unanimously predicted not to be allergic, had high levels of total serum IgE and
      skin tests and RAST clearly positive for one or more allergens. The allergists
      suspected 47% of the allergens detected by skin tests and 55% of those detected
      by RAST. The case history was the test which most often gave information at odds
      with that suggested by the other three tests. Our study indicates therefore that
      a case history not even suggestive of allergy should be complemented by
      additional tests.

PMID- 6839442
TI  - Clinical significance of specific IgE determination on nasal secretion.
AB  - The clinical use of RAST on the nasal secretions was investigated in seventeen
      atopic patients, with asthma or rhinitis, who had shown at a first diagnostic
      screening, some difficulties in the identification of the responsible
      allergen(s). The results of the skin tests, of the RAST on the serum and on the
      nasal secretions and of the specific provocation test (bronchial or nasal) were
      compared. In some cases the basophil degranulation test was performed. The
      results of the RAST on the nasal secretions were in perfect agreement with the
      provocation test. The skin tests and the RAST on the serum showed many
      discrepancies, particularly for Dermatophagoides, epidermal derivatives of cat
      and dog and moulds, and less frequently for Graminaceae and other pollens. It is
      concluded that RAST analysis on nasal secretions is useful in clinical diagnosis
      of allergy especially for Dermatophagoides, epidermal derivatives and moulds.
      Most false positive results were observed with the RAST on serum; in fifteen
      cases it was positive, while all the other tests, basophil degranulation test
      included, were negative. The data suggest that IgE may have a low affinity for
      basophil receptors.

PMID- 6839441
TI  - Stabilization of a diluted aqueous mite allergen preparation by addition of human
      serum albumin. An intracutaneous test study.
AB  - Stability of diluted Spectralgen Dermatophagoides farinae allergen preparations
      in phenol-saline with, and without human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied by
      intracutaneous tests in mite-allergic patients. The phenol-saline reconstituted
      mite allergen preparation lost activity to less than 1/10 of initial activity
      within 1 week, while mite allergen preparation reconstituted with solvent
      containing HSA was stable for at least 8 months after reconstitution. Human serum
      albumin probably prevents adsorption of allergens to glass surfaces which may be
      a problem for very diluted allergen preparations.

PMID- 6839443
TI  - Asthma due to grinding epoxy resin cured with phthallic anhydride.

PMID- 6839444
TI  - Life-threatening inhalant allergy: typical anaphylaxis induced by inhalational
      allergen challenge in patients with idiopathic recurrent anaphylaxis.
AB  - Eight patients, referred to an allergy service because of anaphylactic syndromes,
      were investigated for the usual causes (drugs, foods, insect stings etc.) without
      satisfactory results. All were atopic by history and/or allergy skin testing.
      Inhalation challenges, using nebulized common inhalant allergens to which the
      patients were positive by skin tests, were performed to test whether such inhaled
      allergens could be causing the anaphylactic episodes. Four of the eight patients
      developed anaphylactic episodes similar to the spontaneous attacks. Two of the
      other four patients developed precipitous asthma with some suggestion of non
      pulmonary anaphylactic features. It is suggested that inhaled allergens may be a
      common cause of recurrent anaphylaxis where other recognized causes have been
      excluded.

PMID- 6839445
TI  - Mast cells in allergic nasal epithelium and lamina propria before and after
      provocation. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - A study of mast cells in subjects with nasal allergy was made by electron
      microscopy before and after provocation in three areas; the nasal epithelium, the
      subepithelial layer and the deep layer of the nasal lamina propria. The ration of
      degranulation of the mast cells in the nasal epithelium and subepithelial layer
      increased after provocation. The main features of exchanged granules of the mast
      cells in these areas were (1) swelling of lower electron density of the area
      enclosed by perigranular membrane, (2) lower electron density of the total area
      of granular substance with fibrillar and reticular changes, and (3) the
      disappearance of granular substance. It was, therefore, judged that the mast
      cells in the nasal epithelium and in the subepithelial layer play a more
      important part in the onset of a nasal allergic reaction than do those in the
      deep layer of the nasal lamina propria.

PMID- 6839446
TI  - Some aspects of occupational asthma.
AB  - The behaviour of forty-four patients, taken from a group of 133 cases of
      extrinsic pulmonary granulomatoses (EPG), who before developing the disease had
      no history of atopy and after being affected presented asthma-like symptoms, is
      analysed. Some of these patients had simultaneously clinical signs of rhinitis
      which proved to be due to lesions identical to those found in the bronchial
      mucosa. From the presented results, the author concludes that the clinical
      manifestations of these patients are not of the classical allergic type but
      bronchial and nasal reactions of the EPG in which, at least, a type III
      hypersensitivity reaction is involved. This is supported by the results of
      bronchial provocation tests performed on twenty-three patients with suberosis.

PMID- 6839447
TI  - New in vitro method for detecting asthma allergen. Counting reactive basophils
      after addition of allergen.
AB  - Changes in the morphology and number of basophils were examined after the
      addition in vitro of house dust extract in cells from seventy-seven patients with
      bronchial asthma. Morphological changes (reactive basophils) showed a close
      relation to the end-point titrations of antigen in skin tests, RAST score and
      bronchial provocation tests, but changes in number of basophils did not. With a
      RAST score of 2 or greater the change in reactive basophils varied from 40 to 80%
      (mean 58.1%), which was much greater than seen in persons with no RAST, score 0.
      Patients with positive bronchial inhalation tests, showed 40 to 80% (mean 57.8%)
      reactive basophils, whereas persons with a negative bronchial challenge test
      showed a range of reactive basophils from 0 to 50% (mean 28.9%). The difference
      in percentage of reactive basophils between the positive and negative groups of
      persons tested by bronchial inhalation was statistically significant.

PMID- 6839448
TI  - In continuous-monitored acid phosphatase methods involving diazotization,
      bilirubin may cause negative reaction rates.

PMID- 6839450
TI  - Porphyrins and chlorophylls as probes for fluoroimmunoassays.

PMID- 6839449
TI  - Organic aciduria associated with isovaleric acidemia.

PMID- 6839452
TI  - Does lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-5 contribute to the predictive power of
      total lactate dehydrogenase in myocardial infarction?
AB  - In 385 patients with acute myocardial infarction, lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC
      1.1.1.27) isoenzymes were determined electrophoretically 24, 48, and 72 h after
      admission. At those times, LD-1/LD-2 ratios exceeding 1 were recorded in 78.9,
      88.8, and 92.2% of the cases, respectively. LD-1 ranged from 181 to 2674 U/L, or
      21.9 to 66.1% of the total activity. On the first day of hospitalization, 27.3%
      of the patients demonstrated abnormal LD-5 (greater than 6% of total LD); this
      finding dropped to 20.5% and 17.4% in the two following days. Early increases in
      LD-5 were most frequently observed in patients associating inferior infarcts with
      posterior or lateral extension and having a previous history of myocardial
      infarction. On day 1, LD-5 was significantly increased in early deceased patients
      as compared to long-term survivors (9.7% vs 4.9% of total LD, p less than 0.01).
      LD-5 definitely contributes to the prognostic efficiency of total LD in acute
      myocardial infarction, but does not replace it as a risk predictor. This study
      confirms the superiority of total LD over the isoenzyme measurements to achieve
      short-term prognostication.

PMID- 6839451
TI  - Serum lipoprotein measurement--liquid chromatography and sequential floatation
      (ultracentrifugation) compared.
AB  - An HPLC method [J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 91:1381, 1982] was used for evaluating serum
      lipoproteins, with on-line monitoring of either cholesterol or phospholipids.
      Five well-distinguished lipoprotein fractions were observed, based on their
      particle sizes. Serum of 15 normal persons, 12 subjects with various types of
      hyperlipidemia, 20 patients with various liver diseases, and two cases of
      familial LCAT deficiency were examined and the results compared with those by a
      sequential ultracentrifugal floatation technique. In the normal group, the
      amounts of fractions 2, 3, and 4 by the HPLC method correlated well with
      concentrations of the LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 fractions as measured by the
      ultracentrifugal method, respectively. In the hyperlipidemic group, similar good
      correlations were observed between fractions 1, 2, 3, 4 and chylomicrons + VLDL,
      LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 fractions, respectively. For those with liver diseases or
      LCAT deficiency, the corresponding fractions correlated less well, and
      characteristically the elution profile of lipoproteins in these groups showed
      heterogeneity of particle size within each lipoprotein density class, especially
      in LDL and HDL2.

PMID- 6839453
TI  - An enzymic radiochemical method for determining phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic
      fluid.
AB  - We describe an enzymic quantification of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid.
      Phosphatidylglycerol is hydrolyzed in alkali and the resulting glycerol is then
      enzymatically phosphorylated with adenosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate to yield
      glycero[32P]phosphate. After removal of excess [gamma-32P]ATP by charcoal, the
      radioactivity of the glycerophosphate is measured in a liquid scintillation
      counter. Triglyceride in the amniotic fluid is hydrolyzed by lipase before
      extraction and thus does not interfere with the analysis. This method is specific
      for phosphatidylglycerol. Preliminary studies suggest that a phosphatidylglycerol
      value greater than or equal to 10 nmol/mL correlates with fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 6839454
TI  - Interlaboratory study of the proficiency of cholinesterase phenotyping.
AB  - We report the results of a proficiency survey into the accuracy of cholinesterase
      (EC 3.1.1.8) phenotyping undertaken by 12 laboratories over a three-year period,
      during which 21 samples of nine different genotypes were analyzed. Specimens from
      patients who were homozygous for the atypical variant AA or from UA and AF
      heterozygotes were identified without difficulty, but the less-well-recognized
      combinations AJ and AK were detected by only two and three laboratories,
      respectively. Some degree of difficulty was also experienced in differentiating
      among UU, UF, and FS specimens. Clinically significant ascription errors occurred
      on 11 occasions. We recommend that detailed studies of cholinesterase status be
      undertaken only by laboratories experienced in the assay, those likely to be able
      to produce accurate results and offer appropriate advice.

PMID- 6839455
TI  - Apoenzyme content of serum aminotransferases in relation to plasma pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate concentration.
AB  - To investigate the considerable variation in stimulation of serum
      aminotransferase activities by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate added in vitro, we
      determined the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate content of plasma, using the tyrosine
      decarboxylase reaction together with the catalytic activities of alanine
      aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, with and without pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate supplementation, within a group of normal human individuals. We found a
      very significant inverse linear relationship between plasma pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate concentration and stimulation of the activities of these enzymes in
      serum after supplementation with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. We conclude that the
      degree of stimulation of the apoenzyme of the two serum aminotransferases clearly
      depends on the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentration in vivo.

PMID- 6839456
TI  - Creatine kinase response surfaces explored by use of factorial experiments and
      simplex maximization.
AB  - We conducted a five-component, five-level response-surface experiment to optimize
      the pH and the concentrations of magnesium, creatine phosphate, adenosine
      diphosphate, and buffer in an assay for creatine kinase. Under optimal
      conditions, creatine kinase activity was about 5% greater than that obtained with
      a previously reported assay (Clin Chem 23: 1569, 1977). We also applied a simplex
      maximization algorithm to the response-surface equation to locate areas of
      maximum sensitivity. Reaction conditions for two such areas were found, each
      yielding approximately 11% more activity than with the previously reported
      method.

PMID- 6839457
TI  - Quantitative liquid-chromatographic estimation of bilirubin species in
      pathological serum.
AB  - Earlier we described a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic procedure for
      separating the four distinct fractions of bilirubin (unconjugated,
      monoconjugated, diconjugated, and protein-bound) in pathological human serum (J.
      Chromatogr. 226: 391-402, 1981). We have modified the prechromatography
      precipitation of the serum globulins required in that method and have measured
      the bilirubin content of the precipitate spectrophotometrically. On average, the
      precipitate contained less than 10% of the total bilirubin in the serum samples.
      Adding the value obtained for the precipitate to that obtained by chromatography
      for the individual bilirubin fractions gave an estimate of the concentration of
      the total bilirubin in the sample. For 357 samples from 132 patients, this total
      value correlated well with that obtained by the Jendrassik-Grof diazo procedure
      (slope = 1.00; r = 0.995, linear least-squares fit). The CV for the total and
      fractional bilirubin measurements was, on average, less than or equal to 5% for
      pathological sera. Serum sampled at different times from the same patient showed
      significant changes in the distribution of bilirubin among the four fractions.

PMID- 6839458
TI  - Utility of isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum on agarose
      evaluated for neurological patients.
AB  - Agarose isoelectric focusing was used to demonstrate oligoclonal bands in
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 998 consecutive neurological patients.
      Compared with agarose electrophoresis, agarose isoelectric focusing was slightly
      more sensitive, showing more (and more easily discernible) oligoclonal bands.
      Agarose isoelectric focusing, which has good reproducibility, revealed
      oligoclonal bands in CSF in 95% of 43 patients with multiple sclerosis, 44% of 39
      with aseptic meningoencephalitis, and 14% of 906 with other neurological
      diseases. Interestingly, oligoclonal bands were found in CSF from 12% of 162
      patients with acute cerebral infarction and 23% of 53 with polyneuropathy, and
      also in 29% of 17 with dementia, while only 4% of 206 patients with headache,
      vertigo, or psychoneurosis had this CSF abnormality. We recommend this procedure
      for the routine examination of paired CSF and serum specimens for the presence of
      oligoclonal bands.

PMID- 6839459
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to extractable
      nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus, with nylon as solid phase.
AB  - In this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies
      against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) in sera of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), nylon is used as solid phase for antigen binding
      instead of the commonly used polystyrene surface. Optimal conditions for
      activation of the nylon beads, antigen coating, and other relevant factors have
      been investigated. We compared the incidence of anti-ENA antibodies in SLE, using
      chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrates. Of SLE patients, 54% were positive
      for anti-ENA antibodies when chromogenic substrate was used as compared with 68%
      for fluorogenic substrate. Antibody activity against Sm and RNP antigens was
      distinguished on the basis of ribonuclease sensitivity of the RNP antigen. The
      method described offers advantages such as decreased background activity,
      increased surface area, facility for prolonged storage of antigen-coated solid
      phase, and miniaturization of the assay.

PMID- 6839460
TI  - Capillary gas-chromatographic determination of urinary homovanillic acid and
      vanillylmandelic acid.
AB  - This relatively simple, rapid method for quantification of homovanillic acid
      (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) involves solvent extraction and capillary
      gas chromatography. With use of this extraction method, the overall analytical
      recovery from an aqueous solution is 92.5% for HVA and 79.2% for VMA. 3,4
      Dihydroxybenzoic acid is the internal standard. Minimal detectable quantities
      with this method are less than 1 mg/g of creatinine. Capillary gas chromatography
      produces a chromatogram that is superior to that of packed-column gas
      chromatography. We also report quantitative results for urinary HVA and VMA in
      neuroblastoma patients and in normal individuals, demonstrating the diagnostic
      value of this method.

PMID- 6839462
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin.
AB  - I describe a radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin, with use of a double
      antibody technique. Antiserum raised in rabbits was absorbed with Al(OH)3 and
      heated to 56 degrees C for 30 min. 125I-labeled prothrombin retaining more than
      90% of its biological activity was prepared by the iodine monochloride method.
      The mean concentration of prothrombin in plasma of 12 normal individuals was 100
      +/- 29.4 mg/L (2 SD). Prothrombin values were somewhat lower than those obtained
      by the Laurell electroimmunoassay or by two-stage biological assay of the same
      plasma, done the same day. The biological values were converted to protein on the
      basis of 1960 int. units/mg by comparison with the other two assays. The ability
      of activation fragments of human prothrombin to inhibit binding of labeled
      prothrombin to its antibody was evaluated by competitive radioimmunoassay.
      Although precipitin lines formed with undiluted antiserum against all the
      fragments tested (F-1, F-1.2, prethrombin-1, and thrombin), none of the fragments
      competed well with prothrombin, even in 10-fold molar excess. Evidently, the
      structural integrity of the prothrombin molecule is essential for its maximum
      binding to the antiserum, and antigenic sites are lost during its activation.

PMID- 6839466
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of cephalosporins and chloramphenicol in
      serum.
AB  - A "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic technique involving a radial
      compression module is used for measuring chloramphenicol and five cephalosporin
      antibiotics: cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cephapirin, and cefamandol. Serum proteins
      are precipitated with acetonitrile solution containing 4'-nitroacetanilide as the
      internal standard. The drugs are eluted with a mobile phase of methanol/acetate
      buffer (30/70 by vol), pH 5.5. Absorbance of the cephalosporins is monitored at
      254 nm. Standard curves are linear to at least 100 mg/L. The absorbance of
      chloramphenicol is monitored at 254 nm and 280 nm, and its standard curve is
      linear to at least 50 mg/L. The elution times for various other drugs were also
      determined, to check for potential interferents.

PMID- 6839461
TI  - Salicylate determined with a microcentrifugal analyzer, and compared with Du Pont
      aca, trinder, and liquid-chromatographic methods.
AB  - We describe a new automated method for measuring serum salicylate in the
      Multistat III microcentrifugal analyzer. Ferric nitrate reagent and serum
      blanking are used. We compare this new method, the automated Du Pont aca method,
      and the manual Trinder method with a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic
      method. The unblanked Trinder method had the poorest correlation (r = 0.980, Sy X
      x = 19.1) with the chromatographic method. The serum-blanked aca and Multistat
      III methods showed better correlation (r = 0.995, Sy X x = 9.5 mg/L, and r =
      0.991, Sy X x = 13.0 mg/L, respectively) with the chromatographic method.
      However, we conclude that all three colorimetric methods give clinically useful
      results and that the increased time, expense, and expertise required for
      chromatographic salicylate analysis are difficult to justify in a routine
      clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6839465
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic measurement of creatinine in serum and urine.
AB  - We describe the adaptation of a "high-performance" liquid chromatographic method
      for determination of creatinine in serum and urine. The proposed method is
      simple, rapid, precise, and accurate. The retention time for creatinine can be
      varied simply by changing the KH2PO4 concentration in the mobile phase:
      acetonitrile/aqueous KH2PO4 (1/4 by vol). Within-day precision (CV) was 1.2-3.6%
      in serum chromatographed with an internal standard, and 2.3-2.8% in serum when an
      external standard was used. Between-day precision (CV) was 1.3-2.1% in serum and
      1.3-2.7% in urine (with an external standard). Analytical recoveries of
      creatinine added to serum were 94-100% for the method with an internal standard,
      95-103% with an external standard.

PMID- 6839463
TI  - Clinical laboratory evaluation of Ames' Seralyzer Reflectance Photometer for
      total bilirubin and cholesterol.
AB  - We evaluated the dry-reagent technology for determining cholesterol and adult
      total bilirubin in serum with the Ames Seralyzer Reflectance Photometer. This
      instrument is designed to measure the intensity of light of a selected wavelength
      that is reflected from reagent-impregnated test strips saturated with sample.
      Regression analysis of the data for total bilirubin in adults (y) compared with
      corresponding values obtained with the Technicon SMAC (x) yielded the regression
      line: y = 1.07x + 2.5 (n = 128, r = 0.99). Day-to-day precision (CV) was 3.8% at
      8.1 mg of bilirubin per liter, 5.34% at 48.3 mg/L. Regression analysis of the
      cholesterol data (y) vs cholesterol values obtained with an enzymatic cholesterol
      method (x) yielded the regression line: y = 0.91x + 191 mg/L (n = 100, r = 0.98).
      Day-to-day CVs for cholesterol were 3.6% at 1.62 g/L, 3.11% at 2.62 g/L.

PMID- 6839464
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary free
      cortisol.
AB  - We recently reported (Clin. Chem. 28: 1497-1500, 1982) a liquid-chromatographic
      method for quantifying free cortisol in urine. We have since evaluated the
      clinical utility of our method by assaying cortisol in urine from normal
      subjects, patients, and subjects undergoing endocrine tests. We found that, in
      contrast with plasma cortisol, urinary cortisol is not bound to protein. It shows
      some correlation with 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in urine, but is independent of
      creatinine excretion. The amount of cortisol excreted daily by a particular
      individual was found to be fairly constant during nine or 10 days. Normal values
      determined for 203 apparently healthy individuals were 35.8 (SD 18.7)
      micrograms/day, with no significant sex-related differences but a tendency for a
      gradual decrease of cortisol excretion with age. We also report urinary cortisol
      excretion by patients with pituitary-adrenal disorders and some other diseases,
      and the pattern of response to dexamethasone and metyrapone administration.

PMID- 6839467
TI  - Ionized calcium in human milk determined with a calcium-selective electrode.
AB  - We measured the concentration of ionized calcium in human milk with a Radiometer
      ionized calcium analyzer at 37 degrees C. This instrument is designed to use
      simultaneous outputs from a pH electrode and a calcium ion-selective electrode to
      obtain the true ionized calcium in blood plasma. Because both the ionic strength
      and the pH of human milk differ significantly from that of plasma, we used a
      calibration curve that corrected for these variables. No other substances in milk
      interfered with the electrode response to Ca2+. The Ca2+ concentration of milk
      decreased and the pH increased as CO2 was lost to the atmosphere. Samples
      collected in glass capillaries, which minimized CO2 loss, contained 2.84 (SD
      0.56) mmol of Ca2+ per liter at pH 6.98. We emphasize the importance of
      maintaining physiological CO2 concentrations when Ca2+ is being measured in milk.

PMID- 6839469
TI  - Characteristics of high-affinity folate binding in human leukocytes.
AB  - High-affinity binding of [3H]folate in leukocytes from normal subjects was
      studied in equilibrium dialysis experiments (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Binding
      displayed positive cooperativity, and the binding affinity increased with
      decreasing concentration of the binding protein. Both phenomena could be
      interpreted in terms of ligand binding to a polymerizing system where the
      affinity of ligand for the oligomer is greater than its affinity for the polymer
      prevailing at higher concentrations of the binding protein.

PMID- 6839468
TI  - Micromethod for determining plasma ammonia nitrogen with use of an ion-selective
      electrode.
AB  - A micromethod for measuring the ammonia nitrogen content of plasma by use of an
      ion-selective electrode is evaluated and described. The effect of storing plasma
      for 24, 48, and 72 h at -70 degrees C was evaluated. Values for newborns and
      fasting adults were 880 micrograms/L (SD, 210 micrograms/L) and 620 micrograms/L
      (SD, 170 micrograms/L), respectively.

PMID- 6839471
TI  - Reversal of changes in lipoprotein A and lipoprotein B cholesterol during and for
      a year after a detoxication treatment program in chronic alcoholism.
AB  - We studied the individual and occasional changes in lipid metabolism induced by
      chronic alcohol abuse. In addition, the influence of a detoxication treatment
      program on the evolutionary changes in some serum lipidic components was studied
      for a one-year period. Before this program, total cholesterol was above normal,
      with high values for LP-A cholesterol, whereas for some patients LP-B cholesterol
      was increased. After the program, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LP
      B cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, with a decrease in LP-A cholesterol. These
      evolutionary changes continued during the one-year period after the end of the
      inpatient program.

PMID- 6839472
TI  - Determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid by liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.
AB  - We describe an improved method for the assay of urinary vanillylmandelic acid by
      "high-performance" liquid chromatography, with electrochemical detection. A 1-mL
      aliquot of urine is acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate, then the ethyl
      acetate extract is extracted with phosphate buffer, pH 8.5. An acidified aliquot
      of the phosphate extract is injected into a reversed-phase column and
      vanillylmandelic acid is detected electrochemically. The between-day CV is 5-6%
      for concentrations ranging from 10 to 75 mumol/L. We also discuss the critical
      steps for extraction and calibration.

PMID- 6839470
TI  - Ferritin concentrations in plasma from capillary (finger prick) blood and venous
      blood compared.
AB  - Investigating the feasibility and validity of determining plasma ferritin
      concentration in blood obtained by finger prick, we studied 29 adults (ages 21-49
      years) and 35 children (ages 14-66 months). Blood was sampled simultaneously in
      the same subject from both the antecubital vein (venous blood) and by finger
      pricking (capillary blood). The plasma was obtained by centrifugation. Ferritin
      concentration was determined by immunoradiometric analysis. Ferritin
      concentration in plasma from capillary blood was significantly higher than in
      venous plasma (p less than 0.01). This difference was more marked in children.
      The correlation between ferritin from the two blood sources was highly
      significant (r2 = 0.945 and 0.994 for samples from adults and children,
      respectively), and the slopes of the respective regression lines in both children
      and adults were significantly different from 1 (p less than 0.0001). We conclude
      that, despite the close association between the two procedures, the determination
      of ferritin concentration in capillary blood plasma overestimates the
      concentration of ferritin in venous blood plasma.

PMID- 6839474
TI  - Effect of sample dilution on creatine kinase MB measurement.

PMID- 6839473
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for arginine-vasopressin in cold ethanol extracts of plasma.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for arginine-vasopressin in human plasma with use of a
      commercially available antibody was developed and evaluated. The hormone was
      extracted from plasma with cold 98% ethanol, which showed a significantly higher
      (p less than .001) and more precise recovery than with the acetone-ether
      procedure (65.3 +/- 3.7% vs 50.8 +/- 6.0%, respectively). The sensitivity was
      0.31 pg per tube. Results for normal subjects in different physiological
      conditions and in patients with diabetes insipidus and inappropriate antidiuretic
      hormone secretion showed the good reliability of the method.

PMID- 6839475
TI  - Salicylate interference with measurement of acetaminophen - a reply.

PMID- 6839476
TI  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics do not appear in saliva.

PMID- 6839477
TI  - Relation between plasma cholesterol and in vitro leakage of intra-erythrocytic
      lactate dehydrogenase and phosphate into plasma.

PMID- 6839478
TI  - Permanent vs disposable rotors for centrifugal analyzers.

PMID- 6839479
TI  - Drug monitoring by fluoroimmunoassay, with use of a centrifugal analyzer.

PMID- 6839480
TI  - Clinical status as reflected in biochemical tests on patients with chronic
      alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 6839483
TI  - Metronidazole interference in hexokinase glucose determinations.

PMID- 6839485
TI  - Reference values for change: an addendum.

PMID- 6839481
TI  - Capillary-venous differences in blood glucose values during the oral glucose
      tolerance test.

PMID- 6839484
TI  - Inactivation of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 6839482
TI  - Ten commercial kits for the determination of serum ferritin compared by use in
      chronic hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 6839486
TI  - A breath collection device for hydrogen measurements in children.

PMID- 6839487
TI  - 125I Radioimmunoassay of serum ursodeoxycholyl conjugates.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for serum ursodeoxycholic conjugates using a 125iodine ligand
      has been developed. The bile acid was present in normal fasting serum (0.19 +/-
      SD 0.19 mumol/l, n = 24) and 2-hour post-prandial serum (0.8 +/- SD 0.8 mumol/l,
      n = 16). Gallstone patients undergoing oral ursodeoxycholic acid therapy had
      significantly higher post-prandial serum levels (21.5 +/- SD 14.0 mumol/l, n =
      15) by radioimmunoassay. Gas liquid chromatography analysis indicated that in
      normal serum ursodeoxycholic acid was totally conjugated, whereas sera from
      gallstone patients contained a proportion as the free bile acid (10.2 +/- SD 8.1
      mumol/l, n = 15). Following an oral dose of ursodeoxycholic acid, both
      unconjugated and conjugated forms of the bile acid appeared in the serum of
      healthy individuals.

PMID- 6839488
TI  - Reproducibility of expired breath hydrogen levels in the neonate: a comparison of
      two methods for sample collection.
AB  - We have compared a nasopharyngeal catheter method for breath sampling and a
      valved collection device. Sample quality was assessed by simultaneous oxygen
      measurement and reproducibility was checked by the analysis of 50 pairs of
      samples from four premature neonates. Both collection methods produced samples of
      highly variable quality suggesting a variable mixture of alveolar and non
      alveolar air as well as differences in expired oxygen levels between babies. The
      mean oxygen levels were similar for both sampling techniques. Linear regression
      analysis of paired hydrogen results showed a highly significant correlation
      coefficient r = 0.73. This was improved markedly to r = 0.94 by normalization of
      hydrogen values based on observed oxygen levels, and so supports the earlier
      article by Robb and Davidson [1]. All breath hydrogen analyses require a measure
      of sample quality. Reproducible results and meaningful changes in hydrogen
      concentration in breath samples can only be achieved by correction according to
      sample quality. Correction to a common oxygen value should allow quantitative
      comparisons between patients. Samples were best collected from neonates by the
      nasopharyngeal catheter method, which least disturbed the patient, allowed
      multiple sample collection and gave lower oxygen and higher hydrogen values where
      large differences between pairs occurred.

PMID- 6839489
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of blood bradykinin: purification of blood extracts to prevent
      cross-reaction with endogenous kininogen.
AB  - Alcoholic extracts of blood collected for measurement of circulating bradykinin
      were analysed for co-extracted kininogen which would artificially elevate
      measured bradykinin levels. The blood extract contained a glycoprotein with
      identical chromatographic properties to kininogen. Bradykinin immunoreactivity in
      the extract eluted as a single peak from an immunoaffinity column of anti
      bradykinin IgG bound to Sepharose identically to both bradykinin and kininogen
      showing immunoidentity of these substances. Affinity chromatography on
      Concanavalin A-Sepharose or ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C25
      separated bradykinin and the glycoprotein which again eluted identically to
      kininogen. The decrease in measured values of blood bradykinin after purification
      of the extract on CM-Sephadex C25 was a similar amount to that calculated as
      cross-reactivity with the amount of co-extracted kininogen. Hence
      radioimmunoassay of bradykinin in ethanolic extracts of blood is inaccurate owing
      to the presence of co-extracted kininogen, and additional purification steps such
      as chromatography on CM-Sephadex C25 are mandatory for accurate assay by ligand
      binding techniques.

PMID- 6839490
TI  - Modifications of plasma enzyme activities after severe head injury; evaluation of
      prognosis using multivariate methods.
AB  - The aim of this study was to analyse the plasma variations of four enzymatic
      activities (lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, creatine kinase, aspartate
      aminotransferase) in 134 patients suffering from severe head injury. Enzymatic
      activities were assayed daily for 3 days after the trauma. Means of the four
      enzymatic activities were significantly different according to their evolution
      (death or survival), except for creatine kinase, 48 h after the trauma.
      Multivariate analysis indicated that lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase levels
      were useful in order to discriminate between potential survivors and non
      survivors. The value of multivariate analysis in head traumatology is discussed.

PMID- 6839491
TI  - Micromethods for quantitative lipid analysis of human liver needle biopsy
      specimens.
AB  - Micromethods are described for rapid quantitative lipid analysis of human liver
      specimens obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy. Total phospholipid, free fatty
      acids, triacylglycerol and free and esterified cholesterol were separated by thin
      layer chromatography and, with the aid of an internal standard, quantitated by
      specific chemical assays. Individual phospholipids were also separated and
      quantitated. Fatty acid esters were transmethylated and assayed by gas-liquid
      chromatography. The results of recovery and reproducibility experiments and lipid
      values for normal human liver are reported. These methods provide a new approach
      for investigating the pathogenesis of liver disease and may well prove useful in
      analysing lipids from biopsies of other tissues.

PMID- 6839494
TI  - A rapid and simple assay for human erythrocyte ferritin.

PMID- 6839495
TI  - A simple characterization of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in unconcentrated
      cerebrospinal fluid using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 6839493
TI  - A simplified amidolytic factor X assay for monitoring of oral anticoagulant
      therapy.

PMID- 6839497
TI  - The theory of reference values. Part 6. Presentation of observed values related
      to reference values. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific
      Committee, Clinical Section, Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values (EPTRV).

PMID- 6839492
TI  - A novel assay for the quantitative determination of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in
      serum.
AB  - A new, fast and simple quantitative LP-X assay is described. The method
      selectively removes apoB-containing lipoproteins by precipitation with specific
      antibodies. To the supernatant, a precipitation system for LP-X, viz. SDS and
      MgCl2 in final concentrations of 0.5 g/l and 0.2 mol/l respectively, is added and
      the turbidity measured at 360 nm. The assay is linear from 0.2 g/l-5.0 g/l and
      shows a high precision (inter-assay CV of less than 3%). The test correlates
      favourably with other quantitative LP-X assays, but has the particular advantage
      that it can be automated and that the time required for one series is only 2 h.

PMID- 6839496
TI  - Interaction between heparin and plasma proteins analysed by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis and affinity chromatography.

PMID- 6839499
TI  - Congestive cardiomyopathy and the selenium content of serum.
AB  - A deficiency of selenium is suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of
      congestive cardiomyopathy. Therefore the serum selenium content of 20 patients
      with proven congestive cardiomyopathy was measured and compared to that of a
      healthy control group. The serum selenium content of the patients with
      cardiomyopathy was found to be different from that of the healthy control group.
      The mean value of selenium in serum for the control group was 80.1 micrograms
      Se/1 (SD +/- 13.2) within a range of 53 and 117 micrograms Se/1. From the 20
      patients with congestive cardiomyopathy six patients showed selenium
      concentrations in the normal value range of the control group; in the serum of 14
      patients a distinct lower selenium content was found (mean value 47.8 micrograms
      Se/1 (SD +/- 16.2)) within a range of 23 and 70 micrograms Se/1. A positive
      correlation was found between serum selenium content and the left ventricular
      ejection fraction. Our results suggest that a deficiency of selenium may be
      present in a number of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 6839498
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary free
      catecholamines with electrochemical detection after prepurification on
      immobilized boric acid.
AB  - A reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for the
      determination of the urinary free catecholamines noradrenaline, adrenaline and
      dopamine. Urine is purified on a column of immobilized boric acid. Catecholamines
      are separated by ion-pair reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography
      and detected electrochemically. The method is suited for routine analysis. It
      allows the determination of urinary free catecholamines in concentrations as low
      as 1 microgram/1 for noradrenaline and adrenaline and 5 micrograms/1 for
      dopamine. A single analysis can be completed within 1 h. Routine analyses can be
      carried out in a series of 40 samples within 2 days. The within-assay and between
      assay coefficients of variation of the analyses in urine were both 2.9% for
      noradrenaline, both 5.0% for adrenaline, and 1.9 and 2.1% for dopamine. The
      chromatographic properties of the immobilized boric acid were investigated. In
      particular, the elution pattern of a series of catecholamine metabolites and
      analogues was determined. Under the conditions used, only basic compounds
      containing both a vicinal hydroxyl configuration and a primary or secondary amino
      group adsorb and elute together with the free catecholamines.

PMID- 6839501
TI  - Evaluation of urinary proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis and molecular mass analysis.
AB  - Patterns of urinary proteins were examined on sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gels and compared to those obtained using high voltage agarose
      electrophoresis. Both were found to be well adapted to routine laboratory
      analysis although the former had more sensitivity for early renal changes.
      Glomerular, mixed and tubular patterns were identifiable, and special precautions
      and pitfalls whilst interpreting the latter were pointed out. Restricted alpha 1
      antitrypsin was shown in renal transplant proteinuria and its possible mechanisms
      were discussed. Molecular masses and frequencies of several discrete bands in
      heavy proteinurics were calculated, and attempts to identify them were made with
      reference to standard proteins.

PMID- 6839500
TI  - Determination of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in hepatic diseases-
      preliminary findings.
AB  - The study sought to establish a relationship between the AST isoenzyme levels in
      serum and degree of hepatic damage, by using a new and simple immunochemical
      method for the differential determination of the isoenzymes. Sixty-nine patients
      with various hepatic diseases were studied. During hepatic damage, cytoplasmic
      isoenzyme (s-AST) is found in greater quantities than mitochondrial isoenzyme (m
      AST), but the m-AST level increases to a greater extent in acute liver diseases.
      However, m-AST in alcoholic hepatitis is higher than expected from the total AST
      (t-AST) values. The ratio of m-AST to t-AST seems to discriminate alcoholic
      hepatitis from other liver diseases.

PMID- 6839502
TI  - Application of epithelial cells in culture to the biochemical studies of
      lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies.
AB  - Epithelial cells are readily obtained when the primary culture of skin
      fibroblasts is established. The major lysosomal hydrolase activities in normal
      epithelial cells are lower than those in normal fibroblasts. The primary
      deficiency of lysosomal enzymes can be detected both in epithelial cells and in
      cultured skin fibroblasts. However, epithelial cells of I-cell disease show only
      beta-galactosidase deficiency. This result indicates that epithelial cells have
      different biochemical properties from skin fibroblasts and they may be similar to
      those of visceral organs. Therefore, cultured epithelial cells seem to be useful
      for the studies on lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies.

PMID- 6839503
TI  - Determination of a glycosyl subunit of human serum albumin by concanavalin A
      sepharose.
AB  - A new procedure has been devised for the isolation of a glycosyl subunit of
      albumin from human serum. After the selective removal from serum proteins with
      affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B, albumin was applied to a column
      of concanavalin-A Sepharose which resolved the protein in two subunits with
      different specific colour activity for carbohydrates, as tested with
      thiobarbituric acid assay. The glycosyl albumin bound to concanavalin-A Sepharose
      was homogeneous when examined by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl
      sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, whereas it showed a microheterogeneity
      when tested by isoelectric focusing. The procedure was applied to a model system
      as well as to serum from normal and diabetic patients.

PMID- 6839504
TI  - Hydrolytic enzyme activities, mainly from lysosomal localization, in sera from
      patients who ingested a toxic oil.
AB  - Some hydrolytic enzyme activities, mainly typical of lysosomal localization, have
      been determined in blood sera from patients who ingested a rapeseed oil
      (denatured with anilines and treated by a thermal process), and in healthy
      subjects. beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase,
      alpha-L-fucosidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were significantly
      higher when compared with controls (p less than 0.001); higher activities but not
      significant (p less than 0.2) differences were found for alpha-D-mannosidase and
      alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase,
      acid phosphatase and lipase showed lower activities than controls. The
      significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 6839505
TI  - Is erythrocyte membrane phospholipid organisation abnormal in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy?
AB  - Many of the abnormalities reported in erythrocytes from Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD) patients, including alterations in the physical state of the
      membrane as determined by electron spin resonance, could arise from changes in
      the lipid components. Although several investigators have shown there to be no
      compositional differences between normal and DMD erythrocytes, there still exists
      the hitherto unexplored possibility that the normal asymmetric organisation of
      the lipids may be deranged in the disease. This report is concerned with the
      probing of the asymmetric transbilayer distribution of the glycerophospholipids
      using phospholipase A2 from bee venom. Our results suggest that more phosphatidyl
      choline (PC) is available for attack by the enzyme in the outer leaflet of the
      bilayer in DMD erythrocytes than in normals. This may be due to a greater than
      normal proportion of the PC being present in the outer leaflet or to enhanced
      transbilayer movement of PC molecules from the inner leaflet. Whichever the
      explanation, these findings indicate an organisational abnormality in DMD
      erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 6839506
TI  - The determination of pipecolic acid: method and results of hospital survey.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitative assay of pipecolic acid in biological
      fluids using column chromatography, with acid ninhydrin for color development.
      The technique permits measurement of plasma pipecolic acid in normal individuals
      with blood samples of 1 ml. The mean value in 29 pediatric patients, aged 4
      months to 17 years, hospitalized with a variety of diagnoses was 2.1 mumol/1 +/-
      1.6. Newborn infants had slightly elevated plasma levels with a mean of 12
      mumol/1 +/- 5.6. Among the diagnostic categories, patients with liver disease
      were distinctive in commonly having levels at the upper limits of normal. In some
      cases, the levels were exceedingly high, reaching 78 mumol/1 in one fatal case.

PMID- 6839507
TI  - Radioimmunoassays for two types of human urinary ribonucleases: differential
      determination of ribonucleases in human serum.
AB  - We developed radioimmunoassays for two types of human urinary ribonucleases. The
      assays are sensitive, reproducible and specific. One human urinary ribonuclease
      (RNase UL) showed strong immunological identity with human pancreatic
      ribonuclease, and the other ribonuclease (RNase Us) showed strong immuno cross
      reactivity with human liver ribonuclease. There was no immuno cross-reactivity
      between these two urinary ribonucleases. Serum immunoreactive RNase UL was eluted
      as four peaks on phosphocellulose chromatography, whereas immunoreactive RNase US
      was eluted as a single peak. Serum content of immunoreactive RNase UL was 354 +/-
      105 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in normal individuals, and that of immunoreactive RNase
      Us was 15.9 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). No correlation was demonstrated between
      these two ribonuclease contents in serum.

PMID- 6839509
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes--differential kinetic assay in serum.
AB  - The isoenzymes of aspartate transaminase differ in their kinetic properties in
      that the cytoplasmic isoenzyme is more readily inhibited by adipate and by 2
      oxoglutarate (substrate) at low pH. A differential kinetic assay based on this
      phenomenon has been optimised for use in assays of serum samples. The new method
      agrees well with an immune absorption procedure. Methods based on chromatographic
      separation of the isoenzymes fail in the presence of serum.

PMID- 6839508
TI  - Liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection of unconjugated estriol in
      serum of pregnant women.
AB  - We describe a fluorometric liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of
      unconjugated estriol in the serum of pregnant women. Estriol is extracted into
      methylene chloride/propanol-2 from serum by use of a Clin-Elut extraction column,
      the extract evaporated, and the residue redissolved in mobile phase. An aliquot
      is injected onto the liquid chromatograph and the estriol is separated on a
      reversed-phase octyl column with a mobile phase consisting of
      acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (23:77, v/v). The effluent is monitored by
      fluorescence detection. The proposed method offers good reproducibility (CV less
      than 7%), sensitivity (less than 0.5 micrograms/l), and accuracy. Of many drugs
      and steroids tested, only 16,17-epiestriol interferes with the estriol analysis.

PMID- 6839510
TI  - Baroreceptor function in the hypertensive black African.
AB  - Hypertension in the black African differs in some respects from white Europeans:
      complications due to accelerated atherosclerosis are rare and treatment with beta
      blockers alone is ineffective. It is not known if baroreceptor function is
      depressed in African hypertensives to the same extent as it is in whites.
      Therefore, we have assessed baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) by the
      phenylephrine method in 19 African hypertensive patients living in the Gambia,
      West Africa. The results were compared to predicted BRS values for white patients
      of the same age and blood pressure calculated from a regression equation derived
      from 61 hypertensive patients studied in Oxford. It was found that baroreceptor
      reflex sensitivity was reduced in the African hypertensives and the log mean BRS
      was similar to the predicted value for Europeans of the same age and level of
      blood pressure (0.473 +/- 0.24 msec/mmHg and 0.489 +/- 0.21 msec/mmHg
      respectively). The resting mean arterial pressure in the African patients varied
      from 117 to 194 mmHg. The results indicated that African hypertensives have a
      depression of baroreflex sensitivity which is similar to European hypertensive
      patients.

PMID- 6839511
TI  - The mechanism of the antihypertensive action of progesterone: hemodynamic studies
      in rats with partial nephrectomy salt hypertension.

PMID- 6839513
TI  - Hypophosphatemia in infant and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) newborn to three months of age exhibit
      significantly lower serum inorganic phosphate concentrations than do controls
      from two normotensive strains, Sprague Dawley (CD) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY). During
      early postnatal development serum inorganic phosphate increases in all strains
      and plateaus from eight to twelve weeks. This rise in serum phosphate occurs
      during a period when blood pressure is increasing in normotensive strains as well
      as in SHR. Hypophosphatemia even in prehypertensive SHR may relate to elevated
      parathyroid hormone levels in SHR and may explain the salutary effects of high
      calcium diets in this hypertensive model.

PMID- 6839512
TI  - Decreased relaxation of isolated mesenteric resistance vessels from 2-kidney, 1
      clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cumulative contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE), their potentiation with
      cocaine and their inhibition by diltiazem, cumulative relaxation responses to
      adenosine and acetylcholine, and contractile responses to 140 mM K+ were studied
      in isolated mesenteric resistance vessels (ca 175 mu internal diameter) from 2
      kidney, 1 clip (2K-1C) Goldblatt hypertensive Wistar rats (2 week duration) and
      sham-operated controls. No difference in calculated internal diameter, NE
      sensitivity (before or after inclusion of cocaine in the bath), maximum NE
      induced tension, or rate of relaxation after NE washout was found between the two
      groups. However, the contractile responses to NE in the presence of diltiazem
      were greater, and acetylcholine and adenosine were less effective in relaxing NE
      induced contractions in vessels from 2K-1C Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
      Depolarization with 140 mM K+ induced equivalent contractions in the two groups
      and were inhibited to the same extent by 10(-6) M phentolamine, indicating that
      the contribution of catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings by the
      140 mM K+ to the K+ induced contraction was equivalent in the two groups.
      Decreased relaxation of NE-induced contractions reflects a functional alteration
      in vascular smooth muscle of resistance vessels from 2K-1C rats that may
      contribute to the development of elevated total peripheral resistance in this
      model of hypertension.

PMID- 6839514
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of diltiazem in young or adult rats of genetically
      hypertensive strains.
AB  - The antihypertensive effects of diltiazem were investigated in three different
      strains of genetically hypertensive rats, i.e. spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR), stroke prone SHR (SHR-sp) and genetically hypertensive rats (GHR) compared
      to their respective controls, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (NT-WKY) and New Zealand
      strain (NT-NZ). Either adult (3-6 months) or young (4 weeks), conscious rats were
      used. In adult SHR, SHR-sp and GHR, the percent decrease in blood pressure
      produced by diltiazem (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg orally (p.o.) or 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and
      3.0 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.)) was greater than in NT-WKY or NT-NZ, while no
      difference was detected in case of hydralazine (5 mg/kg p.o.). In contrast, the
      reactivity to diltiazem was not different between the young rats bred from the
      normotensive and hypertensive rats of both the Japanese and the New Zealand
      strains. It is concluded that diltiazem is a more effective antihypertensive
      agent in the hypertensive rats than in the normotensive rats. However, the
      increased reactivity to this compound in the adult hypertensive rats cannot be
      readily explained by the known pathogenetic factors leading to their
      hypertension.

PMID- 6839516
TI  - [The role of the ascending noradrenergic system in regulating gonadotropin
      secretion in female rats].

PMID- 6839515
TI  - On the role of the septal area in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in
      the rat.
AB  - The extensive destruction of forebrain noradrenergic nerve terminals by the
      intraventricular injection of 250 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine prevents the
      subsequent development of DOCA-salt experimental hypertension in rats while the
      lesser destruction of noradrenergic nerve terminals produced by 90 micrograms of
      6-hydroxydopa does not. The greatest difference in brain part noradrenaline
      levels between these two neurotoxins was in the septal area where noradrenaline
      was less than 15% of controls after 6-hydroxydopamine but was the same as
      controls after 6-hydroxydopa. The non-specific destruction of the lateral septal
      area by radiofrequency lesions prevented the subsequent development of DOCA-salt
      hypertension. The relatively selective destruction of catecholamine nerve
      terminals in the lateral septal area by the injection of 1 microgram 6
      hydroxydopamine in 1 microliter vehicle also prevented the development of DOCA
      salt hypertension. These data suggest that the lateral septal area may be the
      location of the forebrain catecholaminergic neural activity that is necessary for
      the development of DOCA-salt experimental hypertension in rats.

PMID- 6839517
TI  - [Studies on decidual prolactin].

PMID- 6839518
TI  - [Serum HDL-cholesterol in patients with hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 6839519
TI  - [The effect of portacaval shunt upon intrasplenic ovarian neoplasm formation].

PMID- 6839520
TI  - [A study on a rapid radioimmunoassay for human serum prolactin].

PMID- 6839522
TI  - Myotonic dystrophy: limited electromyographic abnormalities in 2 definite cases.
AB  - Two women, aged 37 and 38, with definite myotonic dystrophy are presented.
      Neither patient had clinical myotonia although both experienced intermittent jaw
      tightness. Electromyographic (EMG) myotonia was seen only in the masseter muscle
      in one and in the masseter and flexor pollicis longus muscle in the other
      patient. The detection rate of EMG-myotonia in clinically normal heterozygotes
      increases if distal, proximal and cranial nerve innervated muscles are examined.

PMID- 6839521
TI  - Monosomy 21 syndrome: further delineation including clinical, neuropathological,
      cytogenetic and biochemical studies.
AB  - Only six cases of living newborns with apparently complete monosomy 21 have been
      reported. All the previous cases with the exception of the present case died
      between 3 weeks and 20 months. Only one of these cases had a postmortem
      examination. The subject of this report was previously described at the age of 6
      years (Davis et al. 1976). He survived until 11 years old and is the oldest known
      case of complete monosomy 21. We report here the clinical presentation over 11
      years, results of gene dosage studies, cytogenetic analysis, and the
      neuropathological postmortem examination.

PMID- 6839523
TI  - A simplified PKU gene carrier detection test using fasting blood.
AB  - By fluorometric analysis of fasting phenylalanine and tyrosine plasma levels, we
      could discriminate classic gene PKU carriers from non-carriers with 99%
      confidence in 67 of 74 adults. Results on the remaining seven subjects were non
      discriminating. However, we could not determine their carrier status by other
      accepted testing parameters either (such as phenylalanine dosing). In contrast to
      the latter, our method: (1) allows for 90% of the population a relatively
      accurate but more benign test for carriers of the classical PKU gene (requiring
      only fluorometry on a single fasting blood specimen); (2) identifies the
      remaining 10% of the population who require the more cumbersome-noxious testing
      by phenylalanine dosing.

PMID- 6839524
TI  - Fetal ABO blood group typing using amniotic fluid.

PMID- 6839525
TI  - Clinical heterogeneity in a sibship with Niemann-Pick disease type C.
AB  - The clinical presentation of Niemann-Pick type C is variable. However, in
      families hitherto described, the affected individuals in a given sibship show a
      similar clinical course. A family with histological and biochemical findings of
      Niemann-Pick type C is described. Four of the affected siblings presented with an
      early onset and a fulminant course resembling Niemann-Pick type A, whereas in the
      fifth sibling a later onset and a much slower neurological deterioration was
      observed. Genetic counseling in families with Niemann-Pick type C should take
      into consideration the possibility of clinical heterogeneity within the same
      sibship.

PMID- 6839526
TI  - Genetic aspects of artificial insemination by donor (AID). Indications,
      surveillance and results.
AB  - The results provided by the Federation des Centres d'Etude et de Conservation du
      Sperme Humain (CECOS) are based on 15,283 requests for AID. They are analysed
      from the point of view of medical genetics. The genetic indications represent
      0.77% of requests for AID and can be separated into four groups: dominant
      autosomal abnormalities in the man, previous children affected by autosomal
      recessive conditions, chromosomal abnormalities in the man, and a miscellaneous
      group. In 2,502 births, a total of 45 malformations was seen, including nine
      chromosomal abnormalities. The possibility of an early amniocentesis for prenatal
      diagnosis in every pregnancy after AID is discussed.

PMID- 6839528
TI  - Heterogeneity in mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease).
AB  - Normalization of multiple deficiency of intracellular lysosomal hydrolases in I
      cell disease (ICD) fibroblasts by sucrose loading has been reported (Kato et al.
      (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7814). Further studies revealed that the effects of
      sucrose on the induction of hydrolases in seven ICD strains examined in this
      study were characteristic in each strain. The results may indicate that ICD
      strains can be classified into subgroups by the degree of enzymic induction.
      Moreover, this speculation seems to be supported by the normalization of
      electrophoretic patterns of beta-hexosaminidase in ICD fibroblasts after sucrose
      loading.

PMID- 6839527
TI  - delta-Aminolevulinatedehydrase: synteny with ABO-AK1-ORM (and assignment to
      chromosome 9).
AB  - A material comprising 846 normal families from the Copenhagen area (fam. no. 604
      1505) was tested for delta-aminolevulinatedehydrogenase. Among the 1697 unrelated
      individuals (parents), the gene frequencies were 0.9378 for ALADH 1 and 0.0622
      for ALADH 2. The distribution of phenotypes and the segregation ratios did not
      deviate significantly from the expected values. Linkage analysis was carried out
      for markers on chromosome 9, following up a hint of ALADH-ORM linkage in part of
      the material. This was confirmed, and the most likely sequence, as judged from
      male theta values, was found to be ABO-AK1-ALADH-ORM. The theta and z values were
      as follows: ABO-AK1 (theta = 0.13, z = 6.27), ABO-ALADH (theta = 0.21, z = 5.38),
      ABO-ORM (theta = 0.27, z = 5.06), AK1-ORM (theta = 0.17, z = 1.63), ALADH-ORM
      (theta = 0.13, z = 7.05) and AK1-ALADH (theta = 0.11, z = 2.45).

PMID- 6839529
TI  - Fetoscopic photography.
AB  - Fetoscopic visualization may be used for the prenatal diagnosis of external
      structural malformations of the fetus. Objective documentation of these
      fetoscopic findings would be desirable. The photographic equipment and techniques
      required for fetoscopic photography have been investigated, and the results of
      these investigations with standard fetoscopic instruments in current clinical
      usage are described. The factors evaluated include the light source, camera
      equipment, camera settings and film.

PMID- 6839530
TI  - Interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome No. 5.

PMID- 6839531
TI  - A study of mental retardation in children in the Island of Hawaii.
AB  - Eighty-one probands from an initial population of 223 school-aged retarded
      individuals were assessed by history, clinical examination and, where
      appropriate, cytogenetic analysis. In 51 individuals, the retardation occurred as
      an isolated event within the family, whereas 30 patients had a family history of
      retardation. In 39 of the isolated individuals, the retardation was either
      related to environmental factors or associated with a major neurological
      abnormality. The remaining 12 patients were phenotypically normal with no
      cytogenetic abnormality. Of the 30 probands from 15 families with a history of
      retardation, 3 families had X-linked syndromes. One, with 4 proband daughters,
      had the mar(X) syndrome and two families were considered to have the
      phenotypically similar syndrome but without demonstrating the mar(X). In an
      additional 5 families, the distribution and clinical features of the affected
      individuals were compatible with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation.

PMID- 6839533
TI  - DNA flow cytometry of human epidermis: interindividual and regional variations in
      normal skin.

PMID- 6839532
TI  - Infantile lethal neuraminidase deficiency (sialidosis).
AB  - An infant suffering from failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental
      retardation and early infantile death is described. The proposita demonstrated a
      type 2 early infantile sialidosis with onset at birth, and death at 4 months. A
      culture of the proband's fibroblasts showed neuraminidase deficiency, and low
      activity of the enzyme was found in the lymphocytes of both parents. A previous
      female child, born prematurely, died 6 h after birth and had hepatosplenomegaly
      and foam cells in the placenta. There is strong evidence that the inheritance of
      the disease is autosomal recessive.

PMID- 6839534
TI  - Impairment of axon reflex vasodilatation after herpes zoster.

PMID- 6839535
TI  - Treatment of extensive virus warts with etretinate (Tigason) in a patient with
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 6839536
TI  - Atypical pemphigus showing eosinophilic spongiosis.

PMID- 6839537
TI  - Scleredema adultorum and diabetes mellitus (scleredema diutinum).

PMID- 6839538
TI  - Immunosuppression in Kenyan visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated in 15 patients with active visceral
      leishmaniasis from Masinga location in eastern Kenya where the disease is
      endemic. Age and sex matched controls were selected from a village school in the
      same area. In vivo studies were carried out by skin testing with leishmanin,
      tuberculin, streptococcal and candida antigens. Lymphocyte blastogenic
      transformation to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con
      A) and the antigens purified protein derivative (PPD), streptokinase
      streptodornase (SKSD) and leishmanial antigen (LA) was studied in vitro. The
      results showed that immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya was both
      specific and non-specific. In the majority of patients there was complete anergy
      to all antigens in vivo and in vitro. The suppression of responses to mitogens
      was less marked. Recovery of non-specific responses preceded the development of
      specific immunity. In a small number of patients (23%) immune unresponsiveness to
      leishmanial antigens persisted 1 year after parasitological cure.

PMID- 6839539
TI  - Identification of components of IC purified from human sera. I. Immune complexes
      purified from sera of patients with SLE.
AB  - Immune complexes (IC) were purified by affinity chromatography on conglutinin
      columns from human sera (five SLE, one AML and one leishmaniasis) and compared
      with IC formed in vitro in the presence of normal serum (NHS). First, analysis by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated a common
      qualitative pattern, but with marked quantitative differences, in IC obtained
      from five patients' sera (four SLE, one leishmaniasis) and for in vitro formed
      IC. In two other patients (one SLE, one AML), the pattern of IC components was
      very different, with a major band in the 26 kD region. Secondly, after
      electrophoretic transfer of the SDS-PAGE bands to nitrocellulose membranes, the
      nature of IC components was studied by defining the reactivity of the bands with
      antisera against human serum antigens. Several serum proteins were identified in
      the purified IC:IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C1r, C1s, C3bi and Bb. A few bands did not
      correspond with any normal serum protein. One of them, at 26 kD was shown to
      react with anti-C reactive protein (CRP) antiserum. From all the constituents
      observed in the SDS-PAGE analysis of purified IC, only two bands in one SLE
      patient might be corresponding to unidentified antigens.

PMID- 6839540
TI  - Genetic control of eosinophilia. Mouse strain variation in response to antigens
      of parasite origin.
AB  - Strain variation in capacity to develop peripheral blood eosinophilia was
      observed in inbred NIH and C57BL/10 (B10) mice exposed to parasite antigens by
      infection or by parenteral injection in Freund's complete adjuvant. NIH mice were
      good responders, showing rapid development of high eosinophil counts, B10 mice
      were low responders. The difference in response phenotype was independent of the
      parasite used for infection (Trichinella spiralis or Nematospiroides dubius) and
      of the antigen used for injection (T. spiralis larval antigen or Limulus
      haemocyanin). Pre-treatment of T. spiralis infected mice with low doses of
      cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) or restriction of the duration of infection to 7
      days by anthelmintic treatment did not enhance the response of B10 mice. Thus no
      evidence was found that the poor response phenotype of B10 during T. spiralis
      infection reflected any active suppressive mechanisms developed during the adult
      or muscle larval phases of infection. Demonstration that eosinophilia is induced
      primarily by the intestinal phase allows comparison with other parameters of the
      immune response induced by the adult worms, namely intestinal mastocytosis and
      worm expulsion. From this comparison it is concluded that the low eosinophil
      response phenotype of B10 mice may reflect a generalized deficiency in the
      response of bone marrow derived precursor cells to factors of T lymphocyte
      origin. The significance of genetically determined variation in eosinophil
      responsiveness is discussed in relation to the development of protective immune
      or pathological responses to parasite infection.

PMID- 6839541
TI  - Signals of monocyte activation in patients with SLE.
AB  - The Fc receptor mediated reaction, the beta-glucuronidase and the lactic
      dehydrogenase activities of monocytes and the serum lysozyme level were tested
      together with the circulating immune complex content of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus. Simultaneously with the increasing FC receptor-mediated
      reaction and the elevated enzyme activities of patient monocytes, the secretion
      of lysozyme and the immune complex content of the sera were higher than those of
      the controls. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the Fc receptor
      mediated reaction, the beta-glucuronidase activity, the lysozyme secretion and
      the immune complex content of the sera. Thus, the monocytes of patients appeared
      to be activated by the circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 6839542
TI  - Dynamics of mononuclear phagocyte system Fc receptor function in systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Relation to disease activity and circulating immune complexes.
AB  - Seventeen pairs of longitudinal studies of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) Fc
      receptor function in 15 patients with systemic lupus were performed to explore
      the dynamic range of Fc receptor dysfunction in lupus and to establish the
      relationships between MPS function, clinical disease activity and circulating
      immune complexes (CIC). Fc receptor function was measured by the clearance of IgG
      sensitized autologous erythrocytes. At the time of first study the degree of MPS
      dysfunction was correlated with both clinical activity (P less than 0.05) and CIC
      (P less than 0.05). At follow-up patients with a change in clinical status show
      significantly larger changes in clearance function compared to clinically stable
      patients (206 min vs 7 min; P less than 0.001). MPS function changed concordantly
      with a change in clinical status in all cases (P = 0.002). Longitudinal
      assessments did not demonstrate concordance of changes in MPS function and CIC,
      measured by three different assays. The MPS Fc receptor defect in systemic lupus
      is dynamic and closely associated with disease activity. The lack of concordance
      of the defect with changes in CIC suggests that either CIC does not adequately
      reflect receptor site saturation or that other factors may also contribute to the
      magnitude of MPS dysfunction.

PMID- 6839543
TI  - Antigenic analysis of Brugia timori, a filarial nematode of man: initial
      characterization by surface radioiodination and evaluation of diagnostic
      potential.
AB  - The antigenic composition of Brugia timori has been investigated with surface
      labelling techniques and defined sets of parasite molecules have been identified
      on infective larvae, adult worms and microfilariae. Iodinated preparations from
      all three stages were assessed for immunodiagnostic potential with a small number
      of serum samples from human filariasis patients. In these tests, reaction with
      infective larval antigen was the clearest indicator of infection. Reactivity to
      microfilarial antigens however, correlated poorly with incidence of infection.
      These experiments show that levels of anti-parasite antibody appear to increase
      as filarial disease becomes more severe. In contrast to some reports, antibody to
      microfilarial surface antigens is present in sera from several patients with
      circulating microfilariae. The immunodiagnostic potential of these tests is
      indicated by the detection of a few individuals who have high levels of antibody
      but no outward signs of infection.

PMID- 6839545
TI  - The Chediak-Higashi gene in humans. III. Studies on the mechanisms of NK
      impairment.
AB  - Lymphocytes from six Chediak-Higashi (CH) patients were markedly depressed in
      their ability to lyse tumour cell targets in both 51Cr release and single cell
      cytotoxicity assays. The frequency of lymphocytes bearing the OKM1 marker and the
      frequency of T3+, T4+, T8+, Ia+, Mo1+, Mo2+ and B1+ cells was normal among sheep
      erythrocyte rosetting (E+) and non-rosetting (E-) peripheral blood leucocytes
      analysed by flow cytofluorography. Cells expressing the NK shared markers, OKM1,
      mac-1, FcR, and the characteristic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology of
      NK cells were also present in normal numbers in the highly enriched NK fraction
      separated on Percoll density gradients. This fraction did not contain detectable
      numbers of cells expressing the Mo2 marker of human monocytes. Therefore most of
      the cells stained by monoclonal OKM1 and mac-1 in this fraction are likely NK
      cells, rather than monocytes, and we conclude that the size of the NK pool in CH
      patients is probably normal. The capacity of CH lymphocytes to recognize and bind
      to tumour cells was also normal as was the subsequent burst of oxygen
      intermediates produced by the NK cells in a chemiluminenscence assay. We have
      shown elsewhere that O2- generation is directly involved in activating subsequent
      steps in the NK cytolytic pathway. These results suggest that NK cells in CH
      patients are present in normal frequency but are blocked at some post
      recognition, post-activation step in the cytolytic pathway subsequent to the
      burst of oxygen intermediates but preceding the lethal hit.

PMID- 6839546
TI  - In vitro and in vivo effects of interferon on the response of human lymphocytes
      to mitogens.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that addition of IFN to the assay in vitro inhibits
      the proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens, whereas long term
      treatment by IFN in vivo has no major effect on the mitogen responsiveness of
      tumour patient's lymphocytes. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the
      results obtained following treatment by IFN in vitro and in vivo were
      investigated. It was observed that the proliferative response of tumour patients
      lymphocytes to various mitogens was not affected to any major extent 24 hr after
      a single injection of 3 million units of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha).
      Lymphocytes from tumour patients and healthy donors were found not to differ in
      their susceptibility to IFNs' anti-proliferative effect in vitro. Pure IFN-beta,
      present in the assay throughout the incubation period, inhibited the response of
      lymphocytes to polyclonal mitogens and PPD showing IFN and not contaminants in
      the preparations to be responsible for this effect. Although the presence of IFN
      in the assay throughout the incubation period inhibited the proliferative
      response of lymphocytes, pre-treatment of these cells with IFN-alpha in vitro was
      found to have no major effect on their response to mitogens. We conclude that the
      lack of effect on the proliferative response of lymphocytes following treatment
      by IFN in vivo, is probably due to the fact that the lymphocytes were only
      treated with IFN prior to the assay.

PMID- 6839544
TI  - Metabolism of IgG in type II mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia--autologous
      cryoprecipitated and normal homologous IgG are incorporated into complexes and
      metabolized in vivo at similar rates.
AB  - The metabolism of autologous cryoprecipitated and normal homologous IgG was
      studied in four patients with type II mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia. 131I
      autologous IgG purified from each patient's cryoglobulin (Cryo-IgG), and 125I
      pooled normal homologous IgG (N-IgG) were studied simultaneously to compare the
      extent of their incorporation into complexes with IgM in vitro and in vivo, and
      their turnover in vivo. A proportion of each preparation of IgG was incorporated
      into macromolecular complexes in vitro and in vivo in all patients, the Cryo-IgG
      only slightly more so than N-IgG. Results of the turnover studies were
      heterogeneous, but the common finding was the absence of any significant
      difference in the metabolism of Cryo-IgG and N-IgG. In two patients the
      fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of Cryo-IgG and N-IgG were increased and in one
      they were normal. The fourth patient was also hypogammaglobulinaemic (IgG 0.52
      mg/ml) and it was shown that in vivo virtually all his IgG was combined with IgM;
      despite this the FCR of both types of IgG was reduced. These results suggest (1)
      that the IgG component of the cryoglobulins in these patients is unlikely to
      differ significantly from normal IgG and (2) that, contrary to expectation,
      complexed IgG is not necessarily rapidly eliminated from the circulation.

PMID- 6839547
TI  - In vitro synthesis of IgE by human peripheral blood leucocytes. III. Release of
      pre-formed antibody.
AB  - The appearance of IgE in supernatant fluids from cultures of human peripheral
      blood leucocytes (PBL) is employed in many laboratories as an index of antibody
      'synthesis'. This study demonstrates that, unlike IgG, the majority of cell
      associated IgE is sequestered by PBL in a tightly bound form, which resists
      extraction via the freeze-thawing (F/T) techniques in current use. A method is
      presented for the quantitative extraction of cell associated IgE, involving brief
      acid treatment of whole cells, and is shown to yield up to 100% more IgE than the
      F/T procedure. The use of this extraction process on PBL before and after culture
      permits discrimination between release of pre-formed IgE and de novo synthesis,
      both of which are demonstrated to occur to widely differing degrees in PBL
      cultures from different donors.

PMID- 6839550
TI  - Salt and water intake and sodium and potassium excretion in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - 1. Total fluid and saline intakes were greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) than in normotensive rats (NTR). 2. Total fluid and saline intake were
      significantly elevated in prehypertensive SHR, 5 weeks old, compared with age
      matched NTR, and the intakes fell with age in both strains but remained
      considerably greater in SHR. 3. In SHR, in which the blood pressure was
      maintained at normotensive levels by treatment with hydralazine, the saline and
      fluid intakes remained elevated above those of NTR. 4. SHR and NTR fed low sodium
      diet with water alone to drink have similar excretion rates of sodium, suggesting
      that their ability to conserve sodium was normal. 5. Measurement of sodium
      excretion after three different levels of sodium loading, on normal or low sodium
      diets, also failed to demonstrate an abnormality of renal function in SHR. 6.
      These results demonstrate that the fluid and saline intakes of SHR are elevated
      compared with NTR and this difference is independent of the hypertension in SHR
      and is not secondary to enhanced renal sodium loss.

PMID- 6839552
TI  - The effect of long term treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, l
      propranolol, on the distribution of cardiac output of the late gestational guinea
      pig.
AB  - 1. The effects of daily administration of propranolol on the distribution of
      cardiac output were studied in the late pregnant guinea-pig. 2. The animals were
      given either saline, 5 or 50 mg/kg per day of l-propranolol for 15 days during
      the last trimester of gestation. 3. Blood flow responses were assessed by
      injecting 15 microns microspheres into the conscious animal one to two days prior
      to parturition. 4. The fraction of cardiac output reaching the placentas was
      significantly reduced in both groups (P less than 0.5 and P less than 0.001,
      respectively), while flow to all other organs studied remained unaltered. 5. It
      is suggested that propranolol exerts a selective effect on the placental vascular
      bed in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 6839549
TI  - Potentiation of the negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of adenosine by 2
      phenylaminoadenosine.
AB  - 1. Effects of 2-phenylaminoadenosine on SA nodal pacemaker activity and atrial
      contractility were studied, using eleven isolated, blood-perfused dog atrial
      preparations. The compounds were administered via the cannulated sinus node
      artery of the isolated atrium. 2. 2-Phenylaminoadenosine induced negative
      chronotropic and inotropic effects and was 100 times less potent than adenosine
      in this action. 3. The interaction between adenosine and 2-phenylaminoadenosine
      was studied. 2-Phenylaminoadenosine potentiated the effect of adenosine on atrial
      muscle, but not that of acetylcholine.

PMID- 6839554
TI  - Clinical results of long-term treatment with a low protein diet and a new amino
      acid preparation in patients with chronic uremia.
AB  - 15 patients with severe uremia (mean serum creatinine concentration 965, range
      568-1383 mumoles/l) were treated with an unselected protein restricted (16-20 g
      protein/day) diet and a new amino acid preparation, containing the essential
      amino acids in proportions which differed from those recommended by Rose for
      normal man and which contained in addition histidine and tyrosine, for an average
      period of 224 (range 33-737) days. Plasma urea concentration decreased and the
      uremic symptoms disappeared. Ten nitrogen balance studies were performed in 6
      patients after a mean treatment time of 151 days. The mean nitrogen balance,
      corrected for changes in total urea pool, was + 0.4 +/- 0.22 g N/day. In 4
      patients, in whom progression of the renal insufficiency was assessed by plots of
      the reciprocal of serum creatinine concentration versus time, retardation of
      progression was observed after institution of the regimen. The results show that
      nitrogen equilibrium can be maintained during long-term treatment with this
      regimen and suggest that better nitrogen utilization is achieved with the new
      amino acid preparation than when essential amino acids are given to uremic
      patients in the proportions considered optimal for normal man. It is further
      shown that the progression of renal insufficiency may be retarded by this
      regimen.

PMID- 6839553
TI  - KCl contractions in the rat intact and bisected vas deferens: contribution of
      endogenous noradrenaline release.
AB  - 1. KCl produced a biphasic contraction in the intact rat vas deferens. Both
      components were larger and the initial rapid phasic component was faster in the
      prostatic portion than the epididymal portion. In some experiments the epididymal
      phasic response was a single slow contraction, while in others it had a mixture
      of fast and slow responses. 2. Phentolamine reduced the phasic response but not
      the tonic response of the intact vas deferens. This effect was not observed after
      denervation produced by chronic guanethidine treatment. 3. Both phases of the
      response to KCl 160 mmol/l were substantially reduced by phentolamine in the
      epididymal portion. In the prostatic portion phentolamine produced only slight
      inhibition of the phasic component and had no effect on the tonic component. 4.
      Isoprenaline had no effect on the response to KCl 160 mmol/l but reduced both
      phases of the response to KCl 50 mmol/l. This effect was antagonized by
      propranolol. 5. It is concluded that part of the phasic component of the response
      to KCl in the rat vas deferens is due to the release of noradrenaline from
      intramural nerves.

PMID- 6839555
TI  - Fibrinogen degradation products in acute renal failure of the newborn.
AB  - Acute parenchymal renal failure (ARF) in the newborn infant has emerged as a
      major problem since the advent of neonatal intensive care units. Because
      intravascular and/or intrarenal coagulation may be important in the development
      of ARF, a prospective study of coagulation was performed on 20 babies with ARF,
      with particular emphasis on the measurement of fibrinogen degradation products
      (FDP) in serum and urine. Thirteen babies with respiratory distress syndrome
      (RDS) and 40 healthy neonates served as controls. Initial serum FDP levels were
      significantly higher in ARF than in RDS or normals (P less than 0.001); initial
      urine FDP levels were higher in ARF than in normals (P less than 0.01). Levels of
      FDP did not differentiate among the various etiologies of ARF. Since initial
      urine FDP levels are high in normal newborns, serial urine FDP were compared
      among patient groups and found to be highest in ARF. Initial serum and urine FDP
      levels could not differentiate among the 11 survivors and 9 nonsurvivors, but FDP
      levels declined as the duration of ARF (e.g., survival) increased, often
      antedating the recovery of renal function. We conclude: (1) serum and urine FDP
      are significantly elevated in most newborns with ARF; (2) factors other than
      hypoxia may be involved in the pathogenesis of elevated serum FDP in RDS with ARF
      newborns, indicating the importance of coagulation; (3) serial measurements of
      serum and urine FDP may be early indicators of recovery of renal function.

PMID- 6839556
TI  - Whole-blood activated coagulation time for evaluation of heparin activity during
      hemodialysis: a comparison of administration by single-dose and by infusion.
AB  - Whole-blood activated coagulation time (WBACT), measured by an automated
      technique, was used to estimate heparin activity in 12 patients in a chronic
      hemodialysis program. Identical heparin doses, calculated on a body-weight basis,
      were given to each patient, either as a single dose before a 3.5-4 hour dialysis,
      or as a loading dose followed by infusion during the first 1.5-2 hours of
      dialysis. Each dose regimen was repeated during four consecutive dialyses. The
      variation in heparin activity between the four dialyses did not exceed the
      standard deviation of the WBACT method. This indicates that the heparin
      requirement between dialyses was steady. Appreciable interindividual differences
      in heparin activity were found, however, showing that heparin requirement cannot
      be determined solely on a body-weight basis. Fibrin deposits in the venous drip
      chamber were uncommon during the first two hours but became more frequent towards
      the end of dialysis, the increase being significantly more with the single-dose
      than with the infusion regimen. Maintenance of heparin activity at the end of
      dialysis was better with the infusion regimen. Prolonged heparin infusion is
      preferable to single-dose injection to maintain the heparin effect and prevent
      fibrin deposits.

PMID- 6839548
TI  - IgA1 half molecules in human multiple myeloma and the in vitro production of
      similar fragments from intact IgA1 molecules.
AB  - This paper describes an IgA related protein Vla which occurred in the serum and
      urine of a patient with multiple myeloma. The protein was isolated from urine; it
      had a molecular mass of 70,000 daltons. It was shown to be a two chain IgA half
      molecule, consisting of a deleted alpha heavy chain, with a molecular mass of
      42,000 daltons, which was disulphide linked to a normal kappa type light chain.
      Fabc fragments were produced from an unrelated myeloma IgA. These had the same
      biochemical properties as protein V1a, except for the absence of the disulphide
      linkage between the deleted heavy chains and the light chains. Protein Vla and
      the Fabc fragments could both be cleaved by IgA1 protease from Streptococcus
      sanguis, which indicates the presence of the alpha 1 hinge region. An inventory
      of its antigenic determinants and their similarity to those of previously
      characterized F(abc)2 fragments, indicates that protein Vla, like the Fabc
      fragments, contains the CH1 and CH2 domains, but lacks most of the CH3 domain.
      The fact that cleavage by IgA1 protease from S. sanguis yields a Fab fragment but
      fails to yield a CH2 domain demonstrates that cleavage by the enzyme is not only
      restricted to the Pro227-Thr228 bond in the IgA1 hinge region.

PMID- 6839551
TI  - Antipyrine metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - 1. A pharmacokinetic study of antipyrine was performed in healthy volunteers and
      diabetic subjects, ten in each group. After a single oral dose of antipyrine (18
      mg/kg) multiple samples of saliva were collected for the determination of
      antipyrine concentration and a pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out. 2. The
      mean salivary half-life of antipyrine was found to be significantly higher in
      patients with uncontrolled diabetes as compared to the healthy subjects. However,
      there was no significant difference in volume of distribution and metabolic
      clearance rates. 3. After 15 days of insulin therapy, there was a significant
      reduction in the mean half-life of antipyrine in the diabetic patients. The mean
      half-life of antipyrine in the patients with controlled diabetes was not
      significantly different from that of the normal healthy subjects. 4. There was no
      significant correlation between the salivary half-life of antipyrine and a 2 hour
      postprandial blood sugar level in the diabetic patients. 5. Our data suggest
      impaired hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in patients with uncontrolled
      diabetes which was corrected after 15 days of insulin therapy.

PMID- 6839557
TI  - Hemolytic uremic syndrome and crescentic glomerulonephritis complicating
      childhood nephrosis.
AB  - Three children with nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
      and/or mesangial proliferation on renal biopsy developed the sudden onset of
      renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Two of
      the three children developed crescentic glomerulonephritis and never regained
      renal function while the third showed no change from his original histologic
      pattern and also developed chronic renal failure. These cases suggest an
      association between the lipoid nephrosis-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis group
      of glomerular diseases and crescentic glomerulonephritis, and may represent an
      unusual pathway in the evolution of childhood nephrosis.

PMID- 6839558
TI  - Peritoneal pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in man.
AB  - The peritoneal pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were investigated in patients on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Gentamicin was added to the dialyzate,
      and gentamicin concentrations were measured repeatedly in serum and dialyzate.
      After administration of a single dose of gentamicin, equilibrium between serum
      and dialyzate levels is achieved within 24 hours; dialyzate levels of gentamicin
      are lower and mass transfer coefficients higher in patients with peritonitis.
      With chronic intraperitoneal gentamicin treatment for peritonitis, steady state
      serum levels around 4 to 5 mg/l are achieved and otovestibular toxicity should be
      feared.

PMID- 6839559
TI  - The effect of alterations of uremic retention products upon platelet and
      peripheral nerve function.
AB  - Attempts at the identification of specific uremic toxins have, to date, been
      unrewarding and yet there is vogue for the measurement of, and the control by
      devices of hypothetical levels of, "middle molecular weight" toxins. In an
      attempt to elucidate whether small or middle molecular weight retention products
      are responsible for uremic platelet and peripheral nerve conduction defects, 14
      patients with end-stage renal disease established on hemodialysis were studied
      using a conventional hemodialyzer and an experimental device which combined
      hemodialysis and hemoperfusion and which has enhanced in vitro vitamin B12
      clearances. With the latter device reduced BUN and creatinine clearances were
      encountered and over a 2-month treatment period patient's serum BUN rose. In
      spite of this, there was improvement in the velocity of platelet aggregation to
      10 microM adenosine diphosphate and to a standard collagen preparation associated
      with treatment by the experimental device. There was not, however, any
      demonstrable influence made on nerve conduction studies. The study suggests that
      different uremic retention products influence platelet and peripheral nerve
      function and that further efforts into studying the function of living cells or
      systems, in uremia might have better yield in the future guidance of the adequacy
      of dialysis than will the biochemical measurements of various waste products.

PMID- 6839561
TI  - Diuretic effect and pharmacokinetics of tizolemide in subjects with normal and
      decreased renal function.
AB  - Tizolemide, a new sulphonamide diuretic, has alkaline properties and is cleared
      by a tubular transport system which differs from the PAH-excreting system which
      transports thiazide diuretics. The effect of this drug on the excretion of sodium
      and other electrolytes, and its pharmacokinetics, were evaluated in 5 healthy
      volunteers and in 10 patients with renal disease who had GFRs ranging from 5-98
      ml/min. The saluretic effect of tizolemide was compared with that of placebo. The
      increase in sodium and chloride excretion after a single dose of 50 mg i.v. was
      clearly dependent on residual renal function but could be observed in all except
      one patient. It remains to be assessed whether a full diuretic effect can be
      achieved in patients with renal insufficiency if higher doses are used. The
      plasma half-life was 3.0 hours in healthy subjects but increased in patients with
      renal insufficiency to a maximum of 52 hours. In normal subjects total plasma
      clearance (611 ml/min) mainly depended on the renal clearance (564 ml/min) which
      decreased in proportion to GFR, whereas non-renal clearance remained unchanged.
      The large apparent volume of distribution of the drug (166 l/1.73 m2 BSA) did not
      increase significantly in uremia. Clinical trials with this drug in patients with
      reduced renal function must take into account the expected prolongation of its
      half-life.

PMID- 6839562
TI  - Influence of intraperitoneal dialyzate on blood pressure during continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Blood pressure (BP) of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD) must be well controlled. The present study tests a clinical impression
      that BP recordings are higher with dialyzate within the peritoneal cavity than
      after it is drained out. 8 CAPD patients had systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart
      rate measured both with dialyzate in situ and after drainage. Paired t-tests
      showed systolic BP and diastolic BP but not heart rate to be significantly (P
      less than 0.05) higher with dialyzate in situ. To avoid a false impression of
      good BP control it is recommended patients on CAPD measure BP with dialyzate in
      situ.

PMID- 6839560
TI  - Accumulation and excretion of middle molecules.
AB  - The accumulation and excretion of uremic middle molecules (MM) were assessed in
      97 non-dialyzed azotemic patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency.
      For comparison the excretion rates of MM were estimated in 12 normal subjects. By
      the use of combined gel filtration and ion exchange gradient elution
      chromatography the U-V absorbing fractions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f and 7g) with
      middle molecular characteristics were isolated and quantified in uremic plasma.
      Accumulation of MM in sufficient quantities to be measured in the analytical
      system occurred only in patients with advanced renal failure with endogenous
      creatinine clearance below 11 ml/min. These MM fractions were either undetectable
      or present in trace quantities in the plasma of normal individuals. The excretion
      rates of certain MM (fractions 7c and 7f) were higher in uremic patients than in
      normal subjects, suggesting that the accumulation of these fractions occurred as
      a consequence not only of reduced urinary excretion but also of the enhanced
      production rate. The excretion rates of other fractions (7a, 7b and 7g) were of
      the same magnitude in uremic patients as in normal individuals. Renal clearances
      of the MM fractions were equal to or higher than endogenous creatinine clearance.

PMID- 6839563
TI  - Blood requirement and subtotal parathyroidectomy in patients with chronic renal
      failure treated with hemodialysis.
AB  - Six patients on maintenance hemodialysis underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy. In
      3 patients with a "high" blood requirement before operation, a decrease, by at
      least 50%, was observed, while in 3 others with a "low need" for transfusion
      subtotal parathyroidectomy had no affect. Subtotal parathyroidectomy should be
      considered in hemodialysis patients with excessive need for blood transfusions.

PMID- 6839565
TI  - Talwin addict nephropathy.
AB  - Three patients with a 2-3 year history of parenteral abuse of pentazocine
      hydrochloride (Talwin) developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I.
      Clinical presentation included nephrotic syndrome, microscopic hematuria, and
      hypertension. Tissue studies disclosed 1+ to 4+ mesangial and subendothelial
      deposits of immunoglobulins (predominantly IgM) and complement components C1Q, C3
      and C4 with focal reduplications of glomerular basement membranes. Glomerular C3
      receptor studies performed on one patient demonstrated diffuse loss of receptor
      activity correlating with localization of immune deposits. Serum studies showed
      decreased levels of C3, elevated levels of IgM (greater than 2 SD) (three
      patients) and circulating immune complexes (two patients). Repeated blood and
      urine cultures were negative. Immune mechanisms may be involved in the
      pathogenesis of Talwin addict nephropathy.

PMID- 6839564
TI  - Predominantly vascular amyloid deposition in the kidney in patients with minimal
      or no proteinuria.
AB  - A series of nine patients with secondary (AA type) renal amyloidosis with little
      or no proteinuria is reported. Renal failure was the presenting sign of renal
      disease in seven patients. Renal biopsy revealed a predominantly vascular
      deposition of amyloid in all patients. Three patients had no glomerular amyloid
      deposits. This pattern of amyloid deposition was found in 12.5% of our renal
      biopsies from patient with amyloidosis. No significant clinical differences,
      other than the lack of proteinuria, were noted between these patients and
      patients with the usual pattern of amyloid deposition.

PMID- 6839567
TI  - Platelet disorders.

PMID- 6839566
TI  - Neonatal renal failure and glomerular immaturity.
AB  - A case of acute renal failure in a neonate was observed in which there were no
      obvious predisposing factors. Renal biopsy showed marked glomerular immaturity
      with otherwise normal renal architecture. Light and ultramicroscopic
      abnormalities noted suggest that the glomerular immaturity caused an abnormally
      low glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). An inadequate rate of glomerular
      filtration secondary to the low Kf could have precipitated the acute renal
      failure. The finding of isolated glomerular maturational arrest is a previously
      undescribed cause of neonatal renal failure.

PMID- 6839568
TI  - Absence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a manifestation of the sick sinus
      syndrome.
AB  - The failure of changes in autonomic drive to affect heart rate is a common
      finding in patients with the sick sinus syndrome (SSS). The normal respiratory
      sinus arrhythmia is vagally mediated and should therefore be attenuated in SSS.
      This hypothesis was tested in a series of 32 symptomatic patients with SSS, mean
      age 68 years, and an age-matched control group of 75 normal subjects. The degree
      of sinus arrhythmia present in routine 12-lead electrocardiograms was quantitated
      as (1) the coefficient of variation (CV) of the R-R interval, and (2) the maximal
      R-R interval difference (delta R-Rmax). Mean CV was 2.7% in SSS compared to 3.8%
      in the control group (p less than 0.01). Mean delta R-Rmax was 72 ms in SSS and
      140 ms in controls (p less than 0.01). Sixteen of 32 patients (50%) compared to
      only 4/75 (5%) control subjects had delta R-Rmax of less than 80 ms (p less than
      0.01). Thus, SSS is frequently associated with a significant attenuation of sinus
      arrhythmia and the simple measurement of delta R-Rmax in standard ECG recordings
      provides useful diagnostic information.

PMID- 6839569
TI  - Prediction of in-hospital ventricular fibrillation from admission data in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - We studied retrospectively 26 readily obtainable clinical and
      electrocardiographic variables in 22 consecutive patients who experienced primary
      ventricular fibrillation in association with an episode of acute myocardial
      infarction. Twenty-eight consecutive patients who had an uncomplicated course
      after acute myocardial infarction served as controls. The clinical profile of the
      two groups was similar except that patients who had primary ventricular
      fibrillation smoked more and had a higher peak creatinine phosphokinase level at
      the time of infarction. The data was evaluated using univariate and stepwise
      logistic regression analysis. This analysis demonstrated that patients who
      developed primary ventricular fibrillation had, on admission (1) more evidence of
      congestive heart failure (Killip classification), (2) a lower diastolic blood
      pressure, (3) greater ST-segment elevation, (4) a longer QTc interval, and (5) a
      less distinguishable J point on the electrocardiogram. This method of logistic
      analysis that utilizes easily obtainable hospital admission data serves as a
      preliminary model for prediction of the relative risk of primary ventricular
      fibrillation in a patient with acute myocardial infarction. The ability to
      identify patients at risk has important therapeutic implications.

PMID- 6839570
TI  - Isolated tricuspid stenosis: report of a case submitted to valvular
      commissurotomy.
AB  - In this report, a rare case of tricuspid stenosis uncomplicated by other valve
      lesions is presented, with clinical, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and
      angiographic studies. The patient was markedly incapacitated, mostly as a result
      of a restricted cardiac output. Tricuspid commissurotomy was performed, with a
      stenotic deformity of a bicuspid atrioventricular valve, probably of congenital
      origin, found at surgery. Considerable improvement was observed, notwithstanding
      the persistence of some signs of residual tricuspid obstruction as a result of an
      incomplete commissurotomy, to avoid increasing the slight degree of preexistent
      valvular regurgitation.

PMID- 6839571
TI  - Acute amphetamine cardiomyopathy in a drug addict.
AB  - A case of acute left ventricular failure following an intravenous dose of
      amphetamine is described. The diagnosis was made by right heart catheterization.
      This is the first description of acute amphetamine cardiomyopathy in the medical
      literature.

PMID- 6839572
TI  - The morphology of the human cervix.
AB  - The normal human cervix is a collagenous structure that undergoes a dramatic and
      probably unique metamorphosis in late pregnancy and labor, effacing and dilating
      without injury to permit the baby to pass through and, thereafter, returning in
      the course of a few weeks to its former state. In addition to collagen, the
      cervix contains small amounts of smooth muscle and elastic tissue, and it is
      unreasonable to presume they would be found here if they were not to have some
      function. Whatever this function may be, it appears to be secondary, and possibly
      supportive, to the role of the collagenous system. Coordinated uterine
      contractions are involved in the processes of effacement and dilatation of the
      cervix. However, they appear to be incidental rather than causative, being
      initiated by the same factors that are also responsible for the cervical changes.
      When these influences are withdrawn after delivery, remodeling processes begin
      and the cervix returns to its nonpregnant morphologic and functional state.

PMID- 6839573
TI  - Megalencephaly with formation of Rosenthal fibers in symmetric subependymal
      gliomatous proliferations: clinicopathologic report.
AB  - Clinical and neuropathologic observations are reported concerning a girl with
      retarded psychomotor development accompanied with a steady increase in the volume
      of the cranium and brain, tetraparesis, and a serious epileptic syndrome
      resulting in death at the age of 13 years. The neuropathologic study revealed a
      marked megalencephaly and the presence of two bilateral and symmetric areas of
      atypical glial proliferation, corresponding with the optostriatal groove, with
      endoventricular protrusion: in this region the histologic findings gave evidence
      of a tapetum of Rosenthal fibers. Discussion is focused on the observed
      neuropathologic aspects in relation to the various diagnostic hypotheses:
      Alexander's disease, primary megalencephaly associated with astrocytomas or
      reactive gliosis, or megalencephaly associated with subependymal hamartomas.

PMID- 6839574
TI  - Chronic idiopathic polyneuritis.
AB  - Clinical assessment, CSF changes, electrophysiologic findings, and nerve biopsy
      investigations are reported for ten cases of chronic idiopathic polyneuritis.
      Seven cases developed a progressive, three a relapse course. Motor deficit
      syndromes predominated, often with proximal weakness. Sensory signs were less
      frequent and less intense, although exceptions were noted. Elevated CSF total
      protein and a disproportional increase in IgG developed, which increased with
      duration of the disease. Nerve conduction velocity was markedly reduced. Nerve
      biopsies showed cell-mediated demyelination, simultaneous de- and remyelination,
      considerable alteration of Schwann cells, and long-persisting glycolipid-rich
      myelin degradation products. Particular features of chronic polyneuritis are
      delineated. The demyelinating process seems to be "self-perpetuating" and not
      monophasic as the acute forms. Schwann cells or their surface antigens seem to be
      targets of the immune response. Chronic polyneuritis responds to treatment with
      corticosteroids. Long-term treatment in combination with immunosuppressants and
      plasmapheresis is often required.

PMID- 6839575
TI  - Pick's disease of early onset with neurologic symptomatology, rapid course, and
      nigral-striatal degeneration.

PMID- 6839576
TI  - A quantitative histologic study of osteoporosis produced by nutritional secondary
      hyperparathyroidism in dogs.
AB  - Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) was induced in adult beagle dogs
      through nutritional control by a diet high in phosphorus (1.20%) and low in
      calcium (0.12%). A control group was fed a diet containing 0.42% phosphorus and
      0.54% calcium. A statistically significant increase in iPTH level was observed at
      ten and 20 weeks. The femoral heads of experimental (NSH) animals showed
      increased osteoclastic activity and an approximately 20%-30% reduction in volume
      fraction cancellous bone. No abnormal osteoid seam was found in the cancellous
      bone of the experimental animals, and no statistically significant differences
      were observed in either the calcium-to-phosphorus or mineral-to-matrix ratios of
      the bone tissue for the two groups. Data obtained from histologic sections on the
      number of trabecular bone intercepts per unit length and thickness of trabeculae
      in the femoral head indicated a uniform, rather than specific loss of bone mass
      in the experimental sections. Histologic sections from the proximal femoral shaft
      revealed increased endosteal and periosteal diameters in the experimental group
      compared with the control group.

PMID- 6839577
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the posterior femoral condyle.
AB  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the posterior femoral condyle is an uncommon
      condition. In many respects--the large size of the joint, involvement of the
      weight-bearing surface, natural history, method of treatment, and the population
      affected--it differs from the more usual condition found in the intercondylar
      region. In 14 cases (16 involved knees), representing the total number of cases
      found in the province of British Columbia during a five-year period, nearly every
      patient was a young male athlete. If the patient is treated before the age of 15
      years, the condition may heal spontaneously or with a regimen of restricted
      activity. From this time, the lesion remains fairly stable and mildly symptom
      producing, often for many years, until finally the osteochondral surface fragment
      breaks free into the joint. Once the fragment has separated, surgery becomes
      mandatory. To prevent degenerative joint changes and major disability is a
      challenge to the surgeon. Fragment removal, even with drilling of the base, has
      proved ineffectual. The fragment must be replaced and stable and exact anatomic
      realignment of the weight-bearing condylar surface restored. Multiple drilling
      perforations through the sclerotic base are required to stimulate
      revascularization. Because of the difficulty, and sometimes impossibility, of
      successfully meeting these exacting surgical requirements, the operation should
      be performed before the osteochondral fragment breaks free. The surgical
      technique is designed to restore vascularity to the ischemic bone and to maintain
      the normal contour of the condylar surface, without violating the articular
      cartilage surface.

PMID- 6839579
TI  - Unicompartmental total knee arthroplasty. A five- to nine-year follow-up study of
      42 procedures.
AB  - Unicompartmental total knee arthroplasty is a controversial procedure, and only
      with long-term follow-up studies can its validity be appreciated. Thirty-six
      patients (42 knee procedures) were followed up for a period of 61 to 97 months
      (average, 67 months). Of the 42 knee procedures performed, 13 failures occurred,
      requiring revision. These failures resulted from loosening, primarily of the
      tibial component and in a great majority of the cases, were related to technique
      and prosthetic design. However, 62% of the patient population gained lasting pain
      relief, range of motion, and functional capacity.

PMID- 6839578
TI  - The surgical treatment of chondromalacia of the patella.
AB  - In a retrospective review of 184 knees treated for surgically diagnosed
      chondromalacia of the patella, the average follow-up period was 3.9 years. The
      treatment rendered included trephine and drilling in 71 knees, facetectomy in 57
      knees, shaving in 35 knees, and a combination procedure in 21 knees. Knees were
      graded as 2, 3, or 4, depending on the depth and severity of the lesion. The best
      results were in Grades 2 and 3 disease treated by trephine and drilling or
      facetectomy. Six patients required further patellar surgery during the follow-up
      period. The purpose of surgical treatment of the patellar articular surface is to
      relieve pain and preserve the mechanical advantage of the patella for normal knee
      function.

PMID- 6839580
TI  - Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and
      slow cadences.
AB  - In 15 normal adults an advanced biomechanical analysis of walking patterns at
      slow, natural, and fast cadences showed that the ankle had two mechanical power
      phases: a negative work phase during weight acceptance, followed by a dominant
      burst of positive work at push-off. The knee had four power phases: a negative
      work phase at weight acceptance, a small positive work phase during mid-stance, a
      major negative work burst at push-off and early swing, and a final energy
      absorbing phase at the end of swing. The power phases at the hip are quite
      irregular and somewhat lower than those at the knee and ankle. The dominant
      positive work burst by the plantarflexors drops as speed decreases, but less
      rapidly than the positive work by the knee muscles during midstance. The energy
      absorption by the quadriceps during weight acceptance decreases rapidly as speed
      decreases and at late stance decreases moderately. The energy absorption by the
      ankle plantarflexors during weight acceptance remains fairly constant at all
      walking speeds, and the absorption by the knee flexors at end of swing drops only
      slightly as cadence decreases.

PMID- 6839581
TI  - The problem of trapeziometacarpal degenerative arthritis.
AB  - Trapeziometacarpal arthritis commonly afflicts women older than 40 years of age.
      This may be due to the inherent shallowness of the saddle joint and the laxity of
      the volar ligaments. Compressive forces across this joint may be as high as 120
      kg during strong grasp; hence, it is not surprising that it is frequently the
      site of osteoarthritis. Pain and swelling over the trapeziometacarpal joint are
      the earliest symptoms. As the disease progresses, subluxation of the metacarpal
      base and, later, collapse deformity of the thumb develop. Surgical treatment is
      indicated if all nonsurgical treatment fails. A bewildering array of surgical
      techniques is available to treat trapeziometacarpal arthritis, each having its
      proponents. Each of these procedures provides some degree of pain relief in a
      majority of patients. However, none of them fulfills the criteria of an ideal
      arthroplasty. Criteria for good results in the literature differ among authors.
      Quantitative analysis of objective measurements, e.g., grasp and pinch, although
      valuable in comparing the results of different techniques, vary so much among
      individuals that they provide inadequate information about the functional status
      of the hand. Range of motion of the operated thumb is frequently omitted, while
      compensatory motion at the distal joints is not given proper credit. No procedure
      can claim absolute superiority over another. In comparison with other techniques,
      interpositional arthroplasty, using the flexor carpi radialis tendon, is less
      complex and radical yielding satisfactory results when compared both objectively
      and subjectively.

PMID- 6839582
TI  - Dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. A report of four cases.
AB  - In four cases of complete carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb, closed
      reduction, although easily performed, usually had unstable results. Open
      reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires were used in two cases. The
      third case was stable after open reduction. The fourth patient was treated by
      closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The joints were
      immobilized in spica casts for six weeks. At follow-up examinations, two patients
      had asymptomatic dorsal subluxation. At two years' follow-up examinations, two of
      the four patients had dorsal subluxations. Open reduction and internal fixation
      alone were not adequate for this type of injury. The dorsal capsule and ligament
      should be explored during surgery and reconstructed by free tendon grafts.

PMID- 6839583
TI  - Ulnar digital compression neuropathy of the thumb caused by splinting.
AB  - Acute compression neuropathy of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb is described
      in two women, 23 and 53 years of age. The injury was caused by pressure from a
      splint. The pathogenesis and clinical features resemble the classic "bowler's
      thumb." Early recognition and proper treatment will prevent irreversible
      neurologic damage.

PMID- 6839584
TI  - Pathogenesis of pes cavus in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
AB  - Of 22 persons from a single kinship of known Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease,
      12 were found to be affected. All 12 had a pes cavus deformity. The insidious
      atrophy of the intrinsic musculature of the foot progressed to a fixed soft
      tissue and bony cavus deformity.

PMID- 6839587
TI  - Triggering of the great toe. A case report.
AB  - A 20-year-old male athlete had painful triggering and occasional locking of the
      great toe caused by entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus tendon within the
      flexor tendon sheath posterior to the left medial malleolus. No rupture of the
      tendon fibers, tendonitis, or supernumerary muscle was found. At open operation
      an elongated flexor hallucis longus was found entrapped under the tendon sheath
      in the ankle. After other therapy methods failed, the condition was relieved by a
      surgical procedure that released the flexor hallucis longus muscle from the
      tendon sheath.

PMID- 6839585
TI  - A new operation for hallux valgus.
AB  - A distal oblique osteotomy on the first metatarsal, with lateral displacement of
      the metatarsophalangeal joint and internal fixation with a compression screw, was
      performed. No splint or plaster was used. The operation is relatively simple and
      effective. Pain and discomfort during a short healing period are minimal. Forty
      nine feet were operated on in 42 patients by eight surgeons. The patients were
      advised to bear full weight after six weeks. Return to unlimited work was
      possible after six weeks. The complications were superficial infection in one
      case and screws entering the metatarsophalangeal joint in two cases. One patient
      complained of metatarsalgia after the operation, but all other patients were
      satisfied after follow-up periods ranging from three months to six years.

PMID- 6839586
TI  - Acute tears of the rotator cuff. The timing of surgical repair.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients had surgical repair within three months after significant
      ruptures of the shoulder rotator cuff. Twelve were repaired within three weeks
      (Group 1), six within three to six weeks (Group 2), and 19 within six to 12 weeks
      after injury (Group 3). Follow-up periods averaged 7.0 years (range, 1.25-21.00
      years). Pain relief was generally satisfactory; however, active postoperative
      abduction averaged 168 degrees for Group 1, 126 degrees for Group 2, and only 129
      degrees for Group 3. At open operation, the tear size was graded as small,
      medium, or large. The correlation of average values of postoperative abduction
      (148 degrees, 152 degrees, and 133 degrees) with tear size was not statistically
      significant. Roentgenograms showed that rotator cuff disease is associated with
      glenohumeral arthritis. With evidence of an acute and complete disruption of the
      rotator cuff if one must consider surgery, early surgical repair (with 3 weeks of
      injury) affords the best opportunity for maximal recovery of shoulder function.

PMID- 6839588
TI  - Intraperiosteal osteoid osteoma. A case report.
AB  - A painful intraperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the femur occurred in a 36-year-old
      man. Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated by the periosteum. The pain was
      relieved by removal of the tumor. Thirty-four months after operation, there has
      been no recurrence. Osteoid osteoma in this location does not appear to have been
      reported previously.

PMID- 6839589
TI  - The absent lumbosacral articular process. A report of three cases and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Three cases of absent lumbar articular processes are presented, with special
      attention to the symptoms of the lesion, previous literature on this anomaly, and
      some of the possible embryologic explanations for its occurrence. The symptoms
      were improved after lumbosacral fusion. The possible role of torsional loading in
      lumbar disc degeneration is noteworthy in patients with congenital absence of
      intervertebral joints.

PMID- 6839590
TI  - Habitual dislocation of the hip. A new, simple classification and report of a
      case.
AB  - Habitual dislocation of the hip occurred in a nine-year-old girl. The
      nomenclature of the literature on this disorder and other related conditions is
      confusing. The following simple classification is therefore proposed: (1)
      recurrent dislocation (posttraumatic, nonvoluntary); (2) voluntary dislocation
      (nonhabitual, associated with ligamentous laxity or paralytic disease); (3)
      habitual dislocation (not associated with significant ligamentous laxity). The
      treatment significantly differs in each of the described conditions. The
      diagnosis of habitual dislocation precludes correct interpretation of the history
      and physical examination.

PMID- 6839591
TI  - Intracompartmental forearm pressure during rest and exercise.
AB  - To investigate whether effort-related dorsal forearm pain could be due to an
      increase of the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) in the dorsal forearm
      compartment, the normal range of the ICP at rest and during exercise was first
      determined in 11 volunteers using a wick catheter. The ICP at rest was 6 mm Hg
      (range, 2-11 mm Hg), and during exercise the pressure rose to about six times the
      resting level. Fourteen patients with pain in the dorsal forearm during exercise
      were similarly examined. In six patients the pressure at rest and/or during
      exercise was more than twice that of the normal persons or that of the healthy
      forearm. After fasciotomy four of these six patients were relieved of pain within
      three weeks, which might suggest a relation between ICP and pain.

PMID- 6839593
TI  - Fractured coracoid process in acromioclavicular dislocations. Report of four
      cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation with a concomitant coracoid process fracture
      occurs infrequently. This fracture should be suspected with all AC dislocations
      occurring in the first three decades of life. An axillary lateral radiograph or
      tomogram often is needed to detect the fracture. Surgical treatment can produce
      good results, but equally satisfactory function with minimal residual cosmetic
      deformity may be achieved by nonsurgical measures.

PMID- 6839592
TI  - The effect of hypotensive anesthesia on cephalosporin concentrations in serum,
      soft tissue, and bone.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a hypotensive
      anesthetic in enhancing tissue perfusion while simultaneously controlling
      surgical blood loss. One hundred ten patients undergoing 126 total hip
      arthroplasties were administered either cephalothin or cefamandole on a double
      blind basis. Hypotensive anesthesia was administered to 64 patients; 46 received
      a normotensive anesthetic. Degree of tissue perfusion was measured by the
      concentration of cephalosporin found in samplings of serum, soft tissue, and
      bone. These samples, obtained during the course of total joint arthroplasty,
      indicate that the hypotensive anesthetic sodium nitroprusside did not
      significantly alter the concentrations of cefamandole or cephalothin from those
      found in the normotensive group.

PMID- 6839594
TI  - Radiology of sacrococcygeal chordoma. Difficulties in detecting soft tissue
      extension.
AB  - Plain radiographs of seven patients with sacrococcygeal chordomas showed sacral
      destruction, enlarged sacral neural foramina, and, usually, a presacral mass.
      Conventional tomograms clarified these bone abnormalities, which were often
      poorly visible on the plain radiographs. Two radionuclide bone scans showed
      increased peripheral uptake around the lesion, and one showed decreased uptake in
      the area of destroyed bone. Angiograms demonstrated only vessel displacement, and
      barium enemas showed only displacement of bowel by large soft tissue masses. Five
      myelograms were normal. Adequate surgical treatment of sacral chordomas requires
      a wide radical resection that avoids contaminating the wound with tumor.
      Therefore, thorough preoperative radiologic evaluation of the anatomic extent of
      a chordoma is essential. Although computed tomograms in three patients provided
      the best delineation of the total extent of bone and soft tissue involvement,
      tumor extension into gluteal muscles and other tissues eluded radiographic
      detection. The widespread infiltrative growth pattern along soft tissue planes
      and nerves and into vessels, undetectable by the above listed studies, mandates a
      cautious approach and a wide surgical margin, to prevent wound contamination and
      subsequent recurrence.

PMID- 6839595
TI  - Scoliosis and growth. An analysis of the literature.
AB  - A review of the literature discloses the buckling phenomenon as responsible for
      the initiation of lateral deformation and the progression of small curves in
      idiopathic scoliosis. From the point of view of parsimony, buckling explains how
      ligamentous laxity, increased interdiscal flexibility, muscular asymmetries,
      neurologic lesions, morphologic, anthropometric, and sexual differences would
      contribute to development of the deformity. Thus, a buckling theory seems to
      embody the fragmented character of present information about the etiology of
      idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 6839596
TI  - Complications of plate fixation of forearm fractures.
AB  - Sixty-four adult patients (87 diaphyseal forearm fractures) were treated by
      plating. Thirty-nine percent of the fractures were classified as single bone
      fractures (16% radius, 23% ulna); 43% were both radial and ulnar fractures, and
      19% were Galeazzi or Monteggia fracture-dislocations. A major complication
      occurred in 18 (28%) patients. Nonunion occurred in six patients: three of 18
      bones treated with four screws (17%), but only three of 69 bones fixed with five
      or more screws (4.3%), a nonunion rate four times higher for bones plated with
      four screws. Screws loosened in three fractures, all involving the ulna.
      Radioulnar synostosis occurred in seven forearms, and in five of these the
      forearm injuries were associated with multiple system trauma involving head
      injury. Two patients had osteomyelitis. Both were victims of massive crush injury
      and delayed internal fixation, and both required removal of the implant; but
      eventually the fractures healed. Plate fixation of forearm fractures can have a
      high complication rate. Meticulous attention to surgical technique and the use of
      plates long enough to provide secure fixation can not be overemphasized. An
      increased incidence of synostosis in polytrauma, head-injured patients was
      noteworthy.

PMID- 6839597
TI  - Changes in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc in bipedal mice. A
      light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Bipedal mice were produced by clipping the forelimbs and tails of mice within one
      week of birth. Using light and electron microscopy, the nucleus pulposus of the
      lumbar intervertebral disc in the bipedal mice was compared with that in normal
      mice at three, six, and 12 months of age. In normal neonatal mice, the nucleus
      pulposus is composed of densely packed notochordal cells, which undergo
      degenerative changes and decrease in number with age. In the bipedal mice,
      degenerative changes in the nucleus pulposus were accelerated, and herniation of
      the nucleus pulposus occurred frequently. At the same time, active chondrocytes
      associated with cartilage matrix appeared in the nucleus pulposus. This sequence
      of morphologic changes in the nucleus pulposus of the bipedal mice resembles the
      age-related changes that occur in the nucleus pulposus of the human
      intervertebral disc. These morphologic changes can be accelerated by creating
      abnormal mechanical stress. Chondrocytes in the nucleus pulposus may develop from
      surrounding cartilaginous tissue--cartilage plates and annulus fibrosus.

PMID- 6839599
TI  - An experimental study on the effect of fluorocarbon on the preservation of free
      skin flaps in the rabbit.
AB  - Extensive experience with replantation and transplantation surgery has accrued
      since the development of microvascular surgery. However, circulation often fails
      to return to a tissue after a temporary period of vascular obstruction, even if
      the vascular anastomoses are perfect. This circulation failure is known as the
      "no-reflow phenomenon." The authors investigated the effectiveness of
      fluorocarbon (FC) in preventing this condition using the free epigastric flap of
      the rabbit. When the flaps were immersed in oxygenated FC during the ischemic
      period, the survival rate of the flap was 100% and 80% in 12 and 24 hours of
      ischemia, respectively. These survival rates were higher than those in control
      animals (20%). Although further studies are necessary for clinical application,
      it is suggested that the FC immersion technique has a definite potential for
      prevention of the no-reflow phenomenon in tissue transplantation and replantation
      surgery.

PMID- 6839598
TI  - Electromagnetic stimulation of ligament healing in rabbits.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of a specific noninvasive method of electrical stimulation
      on ligament healing in rabbits, a solid core electromagnet energized by a square
      wave unidirectional current was applied to injured and repaired medial collateral
      ligaments seven hours per day, five days per week for intervals of up to six
      weeks. Healing was evaluated by gross, histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical
      parameters. Stimulation was shown to increase histologic maturity relatively,
      restore stiffness and failure strength earlier, and return collagen content
      toward normal unoperated values sooner in these healing ligaments. It is
      uncertain whether the end point of healing is affected by this technique, but at
      six weeks both histologic and biochemical evidence of acceleration remains.
      Further investigation into the effect of electromagnetic stimulation by this and
      other fields on non-osseous tissues and their components is indicated.

PMID- 6839600
TI  - Compression plate position. Extraperiosteal or subperiosteal?
AB  - Although compression plate fixation of diaphyseal long bone fractures is accepted
      treatment, surgical exposure and plate position in relation to the periosteum are
      controversial. Histologic, roentgenographic, and biomechanical methods were
      applied to investigate quality and chronology of healing in radial and ulnar
      fractures in adult dogs. Plate position was extraperiosteal in one limb and
      subperiosteal in the contralateral limb. There were no statistical differences in
      roentgenographic or histologic studies of healing between the two techniques, nor
      were significant statistical differences noted when comparing linear load,
      maximum load at failure, slope of the linear portion, energy absorbed to failure,
      stress, modulus of elasticity, strain at maximum linear load, strain at maximum
      load, and strain at failure. Thus, there was no appreciable difference in
      fracture healing between subperiosteal and extraperiosteal exposure with
      compression plate fixation of diaphyseal fractures in dogs. However,
      subperiosteal exposure is preferable because it is less likely to injure
      surrounding soft tissues.

PMID- 6839601
TI  - A determinant of bone architecture. The minimum effective strain.
AB  - Minimum effective strain (MES), a hypothesis since 1964, has achieved
      experimental support. The range is about 0.0008-0.002 unit bone surface strain.
      Strains below the MES apparently do not evoke adaptive architectural bone
      modeling, but those above it do. As a key property of living lamellar bone and
      its intermediary organization, MES offers the potential to predict exactly when
      and where mechanical loads will cause bone architectural adaptations. MES
      represents a step toward the goal of constructing a specific, predictive, and
      quantitative theory of the mechanical determinants of skeletal architecture.

PMID- 6839602
TI  - Calcar femorale.

PMID- 6839603
TI  - Healing of metaphyseal fractures.

PMID- 6839604
TI  - Use of free vascularized bone grafts in the treatment of bone tumors.
AB  - A five-year experience with ten cases of primary resection of aggressive bone
      lesions treated by immediate reconstruction with autologous fibula demonstrates
      the advantages of vascularized, compared with free bone, graft. The procedure was
      performed for locally aggressive bone tumors in seven cases, and for Type III
      congenital pseudarthroses of the tibia in three cases. In large intercalary bone
      grafts, the vascularized fibula actively participates in the healing process,
      rather than serving merely as a framework for inductive creeping substitution, as
      is the case in conventional bone grafts. With the exception of one case, the
      grafts united and progressively hypertrophied, and there was no tumor recurrence.
      For defects less than 6 cm in diameter, conventional bone grafts usually prove
      successful. However, for defects greater than 6 cm or in a poorly vascularized
      bed, the vascularized fibular graft can prevent such complications as fatigue
      fracture, failure of incorporation, and nonunion that are frequently seen with
      nonvascularized cortical and cancellous bone grafts.

PMID- 6839605
TI  - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Three cases treated by free vascularized
      iliac crest graft.
AB  - Three patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia were successfully
      treated by free microvascularized iliac crest grafts. All three patients had had
      two unsuccessful internal fixation reconstruction operations. Union occurred
      rapidly between the resected bone ends and the vascularized bone graft. Although
      the fibula has more often been used as a vascularized free graft, the ilium is a
      better source of bone for bridging small gaps.

PMID- 6839606
TI  - Congenital absence of a vertebral pedicle in the cervical spine. A case report.
AB  - Congenital absence of a vertebral pedicle in the cervical spine, a rare disorder,
      was observed in a 41-year-old woman. The disorder may be confused with a
      "dumbbell" tumor and erosion by a tortuous vertebral artery. The diagnosis is
      established by characteristic radiologic changes, especially in oblique
      roentgenograms, myelograms, and CT scans. Nerve root decompression was performed
      by hemilaminectomy at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. There was little
      relief of pain, the chief preoperative complaint. Surgery may not be indicated
      for patients with congenital absence of a vertebral pedicle.

PMID- 6839607
TI  - The treatment of severe scoliosis in osteogenesis imperfecta. Case report.
AB  - Surgical stabilization of the scoliotic spine in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is
      technically difficult owing to the mechanical weakness of the bone. Brittle bone
      makes instrumentation of the spine a procedure all too often associated with
      complications. Combining the instrumentation of the OI spine, both anteriorly and
      posteriorly, with the use of methylmethacrylate to augment the fixation may prove
      valuable as a surgical technique. This usage of methylmethacrylate in correcting
      severe scoliosis in OI has not been previously reported.

PMID- 6839608
TI  - Tobramycin in bone cement. An in-depth analysis of wound, serum, and urine
      concentrations in patients undergoing total hip revision arthroplasty.
AB  - In this prospective clinical study, ten patients were treated by revision of
      total hip arthroplasties utilizing tobramycin-impregnated bone cement. After the
      operation, serum, urine, and wound suction drainage concentrations of tobramycin
      were determined serially by radioimmunoassay. Although high local wound
      concentrations, 5.7 micrograms/ml, were maintained for as long as 48 hours, serum
      concentration never reached even normal therapeutic ranges (greater than 2.0
      micrograms/ml). There were no immediate postoperative infections; all patients
      are pain-free and ambulate without external support two years after surgery. One
      patient who had had a preoperative infection was successfully treated for late
      manifestation of infection 24 months after revision. Based on the evidence
      obtained in this study, tobramycin in bone cement is currently acceptable for
      clinical use.

PMID- 6839609
TI  - Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with anatomic reduction and
      compression hip screw fixation.
AB  - One hundred sixty-two cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated by
      anatomic reduction and compression hip screw fixation were reviewed. One hundred
      twenty-four of these patients were followed up for an average of 19.2 months.
      Loss of fixation, with varus angulation of the fracture, occurred in five
      patients, a 4% incidence of failure. One hundred ten patients were bearing full
      weight an average of three weeks after operation. Fracture healing occurred an
      average of 18 weeks after operation. After compression was applied, 90% of the
      fractures moved into medial displacement position. Eight percent of the fractures
      laterally displaced; 2% of the fractures maintained their anatomic alignment.
      Nonanatomic reduction, e.g., stable reduction accomplished by displacement
      osteotomy (after Dimon and Hughston), has no advantage over anatomic reduction
      and fixation by a compression hip screw. The advantages of the latter technique
      are that weight-bearing can be started early, the device can be used for stable
      and unstable intertrochanteric fractures with identical technique, and fixation
      is rigid and allows for compression of the fracture site, while maintaining
      alignment.

PMID- 6839610
TI  - Treatment of subtrochanteric fractures with a high-angle compression hip screw.
AB  - In a series of 25 subtrochanteric fractures transfixed with high-angle
      compression hip screws, there were no mechanical failures, delayed unions, or
      nonunions. Osseous union occurred in a mean time of 3.6 months. Malunion occurred
      in two instances, at least one of which was the result of technical error at the
      time of reduction. Rapid mobilization of patients with subtrochanteric fractures
      is an attainable goal. Early partial weight-bearing should be possible. Although
      no one internal fixation appliance may be optimal for all fractures in the
      subtrochanteric region, the high-angle compression hip screw is efficient for the
      fixation of a wide variety of fracture patterns that otherwise would have been
      difficult to manage.

PMID- 6839613
TI  - Hemiarthroplasty of the hip using a low-friction bipolar endoprosthesis.
AB  - A low-friction bipolar endoprosthesis was implanted in 200 patients. The primary
      indications for the procedure were acute fractures or failed internal fixation of
      the hip. The prosthesis was also implanted in a smaller series of patients who
      presented with pathologic lesions of the femoral head and minimal involvement of
      the acetabulum. Intrahospital results proved the morbidity and mortality rates to
      be well within acceptable limits for arthroplasty of the hip. Seventy-five
      patients were followed up during periods of one to eight years (average, 3
      years). Sixty-nine patients (92%) with satisfactory results had a mean Harris hip
      rating score of 87 points. Six patients (8%) scored below 70, indicating a poor
      result. The biomechanical advantage of the bipolar endoprosthesis is reflected in
      the low incidence of failures.

PMID- 6839611
TI  - Acetabular dysplasia in the adult.
AB  - Twenty adults (32 hips) with acetabular dysplasia were followed up for an average
      of 22 years to determine the natural history of the disorder. Initially, all hips
      had a center-edge (CE) angle of Wiberg of 20 degrees or less and an essentially
      intact Shenton's line with no roentgenographic evidence of osteoarthritis.
      Average patient age initially was 43 years (range, 27-57 years) and at final
      follow-up examination, 65 years. Various parameters of hip integrity were
      measured, including the CE angle of Wiberg, acetabular angle of Sharp, percentage
      of the femoral head covered by the acetabulum, acetabular depth, and inclination
      of the lateral lip of the acetabulum. None of these indicators proved a reliable
      prognostic aid for predicting the rate at which the osteoarthritis process
      supervened in any one case.

PMID- 6839612
TI  - Humeral retrotorsion and glenohumeral relationship in the normal shoulder and in
      recurrent anterior dislocation (scapulometry).
AB  - The authors' roentgenographic technique provides precise assessment of the
      glenohumeral relationship on the basis of two-plane examination. A group of 50
      normal male subjects serve as the basis for determining normal values for the
      following angles or lines: projected and corrected cephalodiaphyseal angle,
      projected and corrected humeral retrotorsion, glenoid inclination, angle of
      attack, glenoid retroversion, dimension of glenoid, width of humeral head, and
      contact index. Two groups of patients suffering from recurrent anterior
      dislocation (RAD) are compared with the normal group. The shoulders with RAD do
      not differ significantly from the normal ones. Humeral retrotorsion, in
      particular, is identical. Significant differences are found between affected and
      unaffected sides in unilateral RAD. The diameter of the glenoid and the contact
      index are smaller on the dislocated side. Because the projected values seldom
      differ by more than 10 degrees from the calculated values, if the authors'
      roentgenographic technique is used, the figures can generally be accepted without
      correction.

PMID- 6839614
TI  - Reduced single-dose clearance of clobazam in elderly men predicts increased
      multiple-dose accumulation.
AB  - The rate and extent of accumulation of clobazam and its major metabolite,
      desmethylclobazam, during multiple dosage with clobazam were evaluated in 4
      similarly sized groups of young male, young female, elderly male, and elderly
      female volunteers. Subjects received single 10mg doses of clobazam daily for 22
      consecutive days. Plasma levels were measured during and after the period of
      dosage. Compared with the young male subjects, elderly males had slower rates of
      clobazam accumulation and washout, higher steady-state plasma levels, and lower
      steady-state clearance. Accumulation of desmethylclobazam also was slower and
      more extensive in the elderly male group. Among females, however, age-related
      kinetic differences did not approach significance. Among all subjects,
      pharmacokinetic variables for clobazam determined in a previous single-dose study
      were highly consistent with the multiple-dose pharmacokinetic profile. Single
      dose vs post-multiple dosage half-life, single-dose vs steady-state clearance,
      observed vs predicted accumulation ratios, and observed vs predicted steady-state
      plasma concentrations were all highly correlated, with regression line slopes
      close to unity. Thus, reduced single-dose clearance of clobazam in elderly men
      leads to slower and more extensive accumulation during multiple dosage. The
      single-dose pharmacokinetic profile of clobazam is highly predictive of drug
      behaviour during repeated dosage, suggesting that clobazam kinetics are dose- and
      concentration-independent within the range studied, and that self-induction or
      inhibition of clearance is not evident during 3 weeks of dosage.

PMID- 6839615
TI  - The adolescent with spina bifida.
AB  - We have made landmark strides over the past fifteen years in the medical
      management of infants and young children with spina bifida. Educational
      mainstreaming is national policy, and barrier-free physical environments are
      increasingly more common. Now we must direct our attention to the broader health
      and social needs of youth with spina bifida and their families, particularly in
      the areas of professional support and sexual and vocational counseling.

PMID- 6839618
TI  - A follow-up study of the impact of family therapy in the pediatric office.
AB  - Fifteen families received family therapy from a pediatrician and nurse
      practitioner. Most families began therapy because of school problems or behavior
      problems with one of the children. There was serious marital discord in nine
      families that resulted in divorce in two of them. At least one year after the
      families began therapy, they were recalled for interviews by a psychologist who
      was unknown to them. Information was obtained during these interviews that
      indicates (1) pediatricians and nurse practitioners were accepted in their roles
      as therapists by 14 of the 15 families and (2) all families rated their family
      therapy experiences as useful.

PMID- 6839617
TI  - Sterilization of infant formula.
AB  - A survey of 237 pediatricians currently practicing in Connecticut revealed that
      97 (41%) recommend routine sterilization of infant formula for a mean of 4.4
      months. Eight bottles of proprietary formula were prepared in a controlled
      manner: four utilizing the "terminal heating method" of sterilization and four
      utilizing the "clean method" without sterilization. While the "terminal heating
      method" resulted in less bacterial contamination, three of the bottles prepared
      by the "clean method" had negative coliform counts and the other bottle had a
      minimal count. Ten bottles prepared without sterilization were randomly selected
      from mothers who had brought their infants for well-child care. With the
      exception of a small inoculum of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in
      one bottle, no enteropathogens were identified. The implications of this study
      for the routine preparation of infant formula are discussed.

PMID- 6839616
TI  - Adolescent contraception. Review and recommendations.
AB  - In the light of the increase in teenage sexual activity over the past decade, the
      authors review current social, psychological, and educational attitudes. Together
      with a summary of the legal ramifications, they provide recommendations for
      treatment of this patient group.

PMID- 6839619
TI  - Sexual abuse of young children.
AB  - For an 18-month period, all sexual abuse cases were referred to a project social
      worker. From her initial interview and the medical records, data were analyzed
      for 113 children who were 12 years of age or younger. It was found that half were
      five years or younger and three-fourths of the cases were female children.
      Reasons were discussed as to why females are more likely to be identified as
      sexually abused cases. A higher than average rate of gonorrhea was found among
      the pediatric group studied. While only 44 per cent of abusers were relatives of
      the abused, almost all (93%) were known to the family. If a relative were the
      alleged abuser, there was a high probability that it was a father, stepfather, or
      uncle.

PMID- 6839620
TI  - Congenital radial nerve pressure palsy.

PMID- 6839622
TI  - Pneumatocele in infants and children. Report of 12 cases.
AB  - Pneumatoceles were found in 2.4 per cent of 493 infants and children with
      pneumonia. In all cases, attempts were made to establish the etiology by means of
      blood cultures and of deep tracheal aspirations or pleural punctures, when
      indicated. A definite cause was established in 9 of 12 cases. Seven were due to
      infection: in two Hemophilus influenzae was involved; two others were due to
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and
      Streptococcus pneumoniae were each isolated in one case. Two pneumatoceles were
      seen following kerosene ingestion. A coagulase negative staphylococcus isolated
      only on blood culture in one other child may have been related to the illness.
      Two patients experienced spontaneous pneumothorax and died of progressive
      respiratory failure due to enlargement of the pneumatocele, but all the other
      patients recovered without complication. Pneumatoceles in childhood can result
      from a variety of bacterologic infections as well as from kerosene ingestion.

PMID- 6839621
TI  - Adult-type respiratory distress syndrome in children. Experience with seven
      cases.
AB  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not well recognized in children. We
      report seven individuals, ranging in age from 1.5 to 16 years. The clinical
      picture of ARDS reached a peak in 72 hours from admission and was associated with
      a 28.5 per cent death rate (2/7). In no case was an organism isolated, either
      from bronchial washings via a flexible bronchoscope or from open lung biopsy
      specimen. ARDS is characterized by severe damage to the alveolar-capillary unit
      and probably inadequate production of lung surfactant, resulting in severe
      hypoxia, hypoxemia, intrapulmonary shunting, and marked decline in pulmonary
      compliance. The prognosis remains poor in the pediatric age group. The
      pathophysiology of this entity is outlined, with guidance for monitoring and
      therapy.

PMID- 6839623
TI  - Reliability of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of critically ill children in a
      general pediatric unit.
AB  - While transcutaneous continuous monitoring of partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2)
      is a proven valuable diagnostic tool in intensive care of sick neonates, its use
      in older children is less well defined. The purpose of this study is to establish
      the accuracy and reliability of TcPO2 as a reflection of arterial partial
      pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in critically ill pediatric patients. Twenty-six
      children, age ranging from 4 days to 13 years, were studied. The main diagnostic
      categories were cardiac 54 per cent, respiratory 27 per cent, gastrointestinal 15
      per cent, and neurologic 4 per cent. Forty three estimations of PaO2 (by radial
      arterial sampling) and TcPO2 (by cutaneous monitor) were obtained simultaneously.
      Their correlation coefficient, regression equation, and confidence limits were
      calculated by standard statistical methods with the aid of a microcomputer. Our
      data show that the high degree of correlation between TcPO2 and PaO2 is highly
      significant (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001) for the full range of PaO2 between 0 to
      200 mm Hg. At the lower range of PaO2 (0-79 mm Hg), the degree of correlation (r
      = 0.91, p less than 0.001) is better than that (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001) at
      the higher range (80-200 mm Hg), although the difference between the two
      correlation coefficients is not significant (p greater than 0.05). It is
      important to note that TcPO2 consistently underestimates the PaO2 and the 95%
      confidence limits are rather wide. We conclude that TcPO2 is a reasonably
      accurate reflection of PaO2 in critically ill pediatric patients. Its main
      advantage is in predicting and showing trends in tissue oxygenation by
      noninvasive means. However, when critical assessment of the degree of hypoxemia
      is required, TcPO2 is no substitute for PaO2.

PMID- 6839625
TI  - Retropharyngeal mass in a child with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

PMID- 6839626
TI  - Selective right mainstem bronchus intubation as a treatment for persistent left
      pneumothorax in the newborn.

PMID- 6839624
TI  - Proper aerosol inhalation technique for delivery of asthma medications.
AB  - Forty-two (42) children with asthma, 7 to 15 years old, who had been taking
      aerosol medications from canister nebulizers for longer than 6 months were
      evaluated for adequacy of aerosol inhalation technique. The mouthpiece of a
      canister nebulizer was modified so that actuation of the canister and inhalation
      through the mouthpiece could be recorded. Of 42 patients, 24 had correct
      inhalation technique (they synchronized the actuation of canister and
      inhalation); 18 (43%) did not. The most frequent mistake (11 patients) was
      releasing the aerosol into the mouth without inhaling. Those who inhaled
      incorrectly were taught the correct technique by repeated instructions and
      demonstrations; 11 learned it within 5 minutes, but 7 required a longer
      instruction period. Most had retained the technique when retested later. The
      physician should teach each patient the correct technique when aerosol therapy is
      started and should check again on follow-up examinations to assure that the
      patient obtains maximum benefit from aerosol therapy.

PMID- 6839627
TI  - Severe pulmonary edema in meningococcemia.

PMID- 6839628
TI  - Clostridium difficile toxin associated with chronic diarrhea and failure to gain
      weight.
AB  - Two young children are described in whom chronic diarrhea associated with the
      presence of Clostridium difficile toxin responded to treatment with oral
      vancomycin. C. difficile infection should be considered in the evaluation of
      young children with diarrhea who fail to gain weight, even in the absence of
      prior antibiotic treatment.

PMID- 6839629
TI  - Toward optimization of therapy in the neonate.

PMID- 6839630
TI  - Determination of myocardial and serum digoxin concentrations in children by
      specific and nonspecific assay methods.
AB  - After obtaining samples at open heart surgery, serum and right atrial digoxin
      concentrations were measured in 25 children by a nonspecific, direct
      radioimmunoassay method (NS) and by a specific method in which digoxin was
      separated from its metabolites by HPLC before radioimmunoassay was applied to the
      digoxin fraction (S). Digoxin was detectable by S assay (sensitivity 0.1 ng/g) in
      16 heart specimens and 22 serum samples. The mean and range of the S/NS ratio was
      0.74 (0.23 to 2.63) for serum and 0.81 (0.068 to 1.38) for atrial tissue. By NS
      assay the mean and range of the atrial/serum ratio was 78.1 (2.4 to 340, n = 21)
      and by S assay the corresponding values were 100 (10.7 to 318, n = 15). A
      multiple linear regression indicated that 72.5% of the variance of the heart
      digoxin concentrations measured by S assay were accounted for by the variables
      height, body weight, daily digoxin dose before operation, plasma digoxin
      concentration by S assay, and BUN.

PMID- 6839631
TI  - Enhancement of nadolol elimination by activated charcoal and antibiotics.
AB  - This study was carried out to assess whether nadolol undergoes enterohepatic
      circulation. Eight healthy subjects received 80 mg nadolol orally on three
      occasions at least 2 wk apart. The first experiment was a control. The second
      consisted of nadolol followed in 3 hr by 3 gm activated charcoal given over a 9
      hr period. In the third, the subjects received 0.5 gm erythromycin base and 0.5
      gm neomycin four times a day orally for 2 days before nadolol. After the
      activated charcoal, the nadolol AUC fell from 2455 +/- 155 to 1355 +/- 123 ng .
      hr/ml (mean +/- SE), as did the percentage nadolol recovered in urine (15.4 +/-
      1.4 to 10.2 +/- 0.7%) and the nadolol t1/2 (17.3 +/- 1.7 to 11.8 +/- 1.6 hr).
      These data suggest that nonrenal elimination increased. After the antibiotics,
      nadolol AUC was constant, percentage of nadolol recovered in urine fell to 12.7
      +/- 1.7%, nadolol t1/2 fell to 11.6 +/- 1.3 hr, and mean peak nadolol
      concentration rose from 146 +/- 15 to 397 +/- 52 ng/ml. These results suggest
      that there is an enterohepatic circulation for nadolol, that activated charcoal
      may decrease nadolol bioavailability, and that antibiotics may increase the
      nadolol effect.

PMID- 6839632
TI  - Effect of thyrotoxicosis on liver blood flow and propranolol disposition after
      long-term dosing.
AB  - The effects of thyrotoxicosis on Liver blood flow and propranolol disposition
      were followed in five patients while thyrotoxic and when euthyroid. Propranolol
      was taken orally to achieve steady state and then radiolabeled drug was given
      simultaneously by intravenous injection. Thyrotoxicosis was associated with
      doubling of both oral and systemic clearances of unbound propranolol, which
      resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in blood concentrations after oral
      doses. These changes were attributable to increases in hepatic blood flow and
      drug-metabolizing activity of the liver. The propranolol elimination t 1/2 was
      not affected by thyrotoxicosis since the enhanced clearance was offset by a
      change in volume of distribution. These findings may explain the reduction of
      plasma propranolol concentration and many of the therapeutic failures reported in
      the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. The dose required to achieve therapeutic blood
      concentrations of propranolol in thyrotoxic patients is variable and will usually
      be substantially larger than that required for euthyroid patients.

PMID- 6839634
TI  - Local aspirin analgesia in the oral cavity.
AB  - Aspirin solution applied locally to the oral cavity produces an analgesic effect
      on pain induced by electrical stimuli and by knife prick. Spontaneous pain is
      also relieved. The effect is of a local nature and can be terminated by rinsing
      the mouth with water, indicating that there is only a loose bond between aspirin
      and the mucosa. The local nature is also demonstrated by the lack of analgesia in
      areas of the tongue where exposure to aspirin solution is prevented by separation
      with a rubber-dam.

PMID- 6839633
TI  - Role of histamine in the hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to
      morphine.
AB  - The role of histamine in the hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to
      intravenous morphine in subjects without cardiovascular disease and not receiving
      prior medication has not been reported. Systemic hemodynamics and serum histamine
      and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in 10 subjects before and
      2, 5, 10, and 20 min after, 0.3 mg kg-1 IV morphine. Serum histamine
      concentration increased 2, 5, and 10 min after the morphine. Systolic and mean
      arterial pressures and systemic vascular resistance decreased and cardiac output
      increased because of increases in heart rate and stroke volume. The most
      important changes in hemodynamic function occurred after 2 min in association
      with a 400% increase in serum histamine concentration; these variables, together
      with serum histamine concentration, returned toward baseline values after 20 min.
      There was a negative correlation between peak increase in serum histamine
      concentration and maximum decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Plasma
      epinephrine concentrations were elevated 5, 10, and 20 min after morphine
      injection, suggesting activation of the adrenal medulla by histamine. Our data
      suggest that histamine plays an important role in the acute hemodynamic and
      plasma epinephrine response to morphine.

PMID- 6839635
TI  - Dose-dependent effect of cimetidine on phenytoin kinetics.
AB  - Eight normal subjects were given 250 mg intravenous phenytoin alone and with 3
      day regimens of oral cimetidine, 400 mg at bedtime, 1200 mg a day, and 2400 mg a
      day in a randomized crossover fashion. Plasma samples for phenytoin and
      cimetidine, and urinary concentrations for phenytoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were measured by HPLC. All cimetidine regimens decreased
      phenytoin clearance, and there was no difference between the 400-mg bedtime dose
      and the 1200-mg a day regimens. There was, however, a difference between the 400
      mg and 1200-mg and the 2400-mg regimens. There was no linear correlation between
      steady state cimetidine plasma concentrations and the decrease in phenytoin
      clearance. Urinary HPPH/phenytoin ratios decreased with all cimetidine
      treatments, but the differences were not significant. Phenytoin toxicity may
      result when cimetidine is added to existing regimens of this anticonvulsant.

PMID- 6839637
TI  - Symposium on clinical microvascular surgery.

PMID- 6839640
TI  - Salvage replantation.

PMID- 6839636
TI  - Effect of alcohol on propylthiouracil disposition.
AB  - We examined the effect of ethanol on propylthiouracil (PTU) disposition in normal
      subjects and a rabbit. The drug is metabolized by conjugation. In six normal
      subjects 19.2 gm oral ethanol, taken either with or two hr after 300 mg PTU, did
      not change maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, or total or free
      AUC of PTU. Pretreatment with ethanol and supplementation to keep blood ethanol
      concentration above 800 mg/l for 8 hr also did not alter PTU disposition. In the
      rabbit, the infusion of ethanol (8.81 mg/min) 4 hr after the beginning of an
      intravenous infusion of PTU 0.05 mg/min did not alter the plasma concentration
      profile. These results indicate that short-term ethanol dosing does not affect
      PTU disposition and therefore dosage adjustment is not necessary in patients who
      drink alcohol.

PMID- 6839639
TI  - Replantation of amputated parts of the penis, nose, ear, and scalp.
AB  - The primary restoration of traumatically amputated digits is now routinely
      possible through the use of microvascular and microneural surgical techniques.
      The anatomy of the scalp, penis, ear, and nose makes them suitable subjects for
      application of these techniques. It has been the belief of many authors, as
      summarized by Grabb and Dingman, that venous congestion is the usual explanation
      for failure of replanted tissue without microsurgical repairs. Unsuitable veins
      of small caliber and venous congestion remain as the bane of the microsurgeon.
      The relative infrequency of these amputations makes it necessary to continue
      careful study of all reports regarding their microsurgical replantation. There is
      every reason to believe that increased surgical experience will result in more
      favorable outcomes.

PMID- 6839641
TI  - Microlymphatic surgery for lymphedema.

PMID- 6839638
TI  - Replantation of the lower extremity.

PMID- 6839642
TI  - Microvascular reconstruction of the hand.
AB  - For the patient with a demonstrated occlusion in either the major arterial supply
      of the hand or in the distal digital circulation, modern microsurgery offers an
      opportunity for reconstruction with restoration of normal flow and sensibility.
      Observation should not be the mainstay of therapy for digital or upper extremity
      ischemic symptoms. The surgeon may select from a myriad of sophisticated invasive
      and noninvasive tests that permit definitive identification of microvascular
      pathology. Until further improvement in pharmacologic treatment occurs,
      microsurgery offers the greatest opportunity for correction of these conditions.

PMID- 6839643
TI  - Microsurgery and the community-based plastic surgeon.
AB  - 1. The majority of our residents who completed their training since 1974 use a
      microscope for nerve repairs. A majority of those doing microscopic nerve repairs
      also repair noncritical vessel injuries with the microscope. 2. Half of the
      respondents who completed training in 1974 or before do not use the microscope
      for any operative procedures. 3. Successful replantation or revascularization
      procedures are not uncommon early in the practice of a community-based plastic
      surgeon. The tendency is to do fewer of these procedures the longer the period of
      practice. 4. For most of the community-based plastic surgeons, the boundary line
      of community practice versus the University practice is at the level of
      replantation, revascularization, and free flaps. 5. This boundary was modified by
      the strategy of having a University microsurgeon (from the same respondent group)
      assist the community-based plastic surgeon on replants and free flaps in a
      community hospital. 6. All of the residents who completed training since 1978
      used loupes on a frequent (daily or weekly) basis. 7. Only half of the residents
      who completed training before 1975 used loupes. 8. Other uses of the microscope
      in the community were vasectomy reversal, nailbed repair, individual
      transplantation of hairs for eyelashes, canaliculus repairs, and the prevention
      of traumatic tattoos. Otologic and laryngologic procedures were carried out under
      the microscope by two respondents who had had otorhinolaryngologic training prior
      to their plastic surgery residencies.

PMID- 6839644
TI  - Microsurgical correction of vasculogenic impotence.

PMID- 6839647
TI  - A simple numerical discriminant in the follow-up of lung cancer.
AB  - Statistical analysis of laboratory data obtained during a study on a group of
      patients with lung cancer suggests that a simple numerical discriminant may have
      value in the follow-up of such patients. The discriminant is based on six common
      laboratory tests and is rapidly derived in the consulting room using a simple
      pocket calculator.

PMID- 6839645
TI  - Methods of assessing the viability of free flap transfer during the postoperative
      period.

PMID- 6839646
TI  - Replantation of the upper extremity.
AB  - In recent years, the functional results after replantation surgery have improved
      with increased experience. Stiffness remains as the single greatest postoperative
      problem. Improvements in this area are now possible with aggressive and closely
      supervised postoperative hand therapy and splinting. The efficiency of the
      replantation effort itself has increased dramatically in the hands of a number of
      surgeons experienced in replantation working together as a team. Once vascular
      flow to an amputated part has been reestablished, the injury is converted to a
      complex upper extremity injury that would be treated aggressively by many
      surgeons trained in this discipline. The stigma associated with the amputated
      part as being one to which function may never be restored has largely been
      eliminated. One thing is certain ... missing digits never function.

PMID- 6839648
TI  - The role of computed tomography-guided needle biopsy in an oncology service.
AB  - Sixty percutaneous biopsies have been carried out on patients with known or
      suspected malignant disease, using computed tomography (CT) for needle guidance.
      We describe our technique of obtaining material for histological or cytological
      examination using four types of needle. The results in 50 patients have been
      analysed to show the accuracy of the technique and evaluate its role in
      management. Malignancy was correctly diagnosed in 27 patients and correctly
      excluded in 12 patients, with one technical failure. The technique failed to
      demonstrate malignancy in 11 patients, all of whom proceeded to an alternative
      biopsy technique on clinical grounds. All false negative examinations occurred
      when fine-needle aspiration provided material for cytological examination only.
      The technique had an overall accuracy of 78%. Biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph
      nodes may be difficult technically. False negative examinations are particularly
      likely when fine-needle aspiration is used in patients with lymphoma.
      Chemotherapy or radiotherapy was started in 21 patients as a result of the
      procedure and chemotherapy changed to an appropriate regime in two patients.
      Treatment, including surgery, was deferred in 14 patients. Surgery was avoided
      when CT showed an inoperable lesion and where biopsy confirmed active metastases.
      Computed tomography-guided biopsy is an accurate, safe and effective technique:
      CT should be used for needle guidance in those situations where fluoroscopy or
      ultrasound are less reliable.

PMID- 6839649
TI  - The diagnostic impact of computed tomography in blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - Sixty patients with blunt abdominal trauma were investigated by computed
      tomography, 21 within 48 h of injury, 39 within days and weeks. Organ laceration
      of the spleen, liver, pancreas and kidney and haematoma formation were
      comprehensively demonstrated and post-operative complications readily identified.
      Computed tomography is currently the radiological method of choice to evaluate
      injuries to abdominal organs.

PMID- 6839650
TI  - Late-onset Bochdalek's hernia with obstruction: radiographic spectrum of
      presentation.
AB  - Three patients with late-onset Bochdalek's hernia are presented. All three had
      obstruction of the herniated bowel and, in two patients, this was complicated by
      strangulation and necrosis. The spectrum of roentgenographic manifestation
      included obvious findings of bowel in the chest in one patient; in another, the
      findings simulated pneumonia associated with reflex bowel ileus in the abdomen.
      The third patient had a massive pleural effusion, with what appeared to be
      associated bowel ileus. In spite of the misleading presentation it is imperative
      that the correct diagnosis be made early since the incidence of strangulation and
      severe morbidity is high.

PMID- 6839652
TI  - The radiology of gastric reduction surgery for obesity.
AB  - The results of 181 gastric reduction operations for obesity, performed over a 3
      year period, are reported. The indications for such surgery are presented and the
      results are briefly discussed. The broad surgical details of gastroplasty and of
      stapling procedures, the advantages of the latter and the newer trends in this
      field are described. The early and late complications are documented, illustrated
      and discussed. The important role of the radiologist in diagnosing these
      complications, especially in the acute post-operative period, is stressed.

PMID- 6839651
TI  - Chronic erosive gastritis resulting in cachexia.
AB  - Nine patients are reported who presented with severe weight loss of up to 13.6 kg
      (30 lb) as a result of chronic erosive gastritis. In many the cachexia was
      sufficient to prompt a search for malignancy but no other lesion was found. The
      importance of the radiological pursuit of this diagnosis is emphasised.
      Illustrative case histories are presented.

PMID- 6839653
TI  - The small bowel enema in children: a description of a technique.
AB  - A technique for performing small bowel enemas in children is described in detail
      and the results of using this technique reported. Minor modifications are
      necessary to the technique commonly used in adults; a softer tube is used and
      sedation given early and generously. It is stressed that the radiologist must
      control the sedation as well as the radiology.

PMID- 6839655
TI  - Necrotic carcinoma of the colon.
AB  - The radiological appearances of necrotic colonic neoplasms have been described
      previously and their bad prognosis has been stressed. Four cases of carcinoma of
      the colon which exhibited characteristic radiological features are described.
      Survival following surgery in these cases was extremely variable.

PMID- 6839654
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis and ulcerative jejunitis of the small intestine.
AB  - Thirteen patients are described with malignant histiocytosis of the small bowel,
      five of these also having ulcerative jejunitis. In seven patients the malignancy
      arose as a complication of established coeliac disease. In six patients there was
      a much shorter history, but these patients also had coeliac disease. The
      prognosis is poor and there is a need to establish the diagnosis early, in the
      hope that chemotherapy may be helpful. The diagnosis should be suspected
      radiologically where there are areas of luminal narrowing associated with nodular
      thickening of the valvulae, alternating with more dilated portions of the small
      intestine with normal valvulae.

PMID- 6839656
TI  - Abdominal actinomycosis: a report of three cases.
AB  - Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose
      because of its close resemblance to other, more common conditions. The clinical
      and radiological features of three cases are described and illustrated. The
      diagnosis is suggested by the rapid development of a fixed mass with fistulae.

PMID- 6839657
TI  - Sacrococcygeal chordoma in young adults.
AB  - Sacrococcygeal chordoma in young adults is rare. Two patients, aged 29 and 34
      years, are presented. Computed tomography plays an important role in delineating
      the extent of bony destruction and soft-tissue involvement. This information is
      necessary for treatment which may include surgery, radiotherapy and/or
      chemotherapy. A review of sacrococcygeal chordomas is presented.

PMID- 6839658
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis after anterior spinal fusion.
AB  - Three patients with lumbar anterior spinal fusion (two with Dwyer
      instrumentation) developed retroperitoneal fibrosis in relation to the operative
      site. This complication is possibly a reaction to the retroperitoneal insult.
      Haematoma, low-grade infection and metallic implant are other likely contributory
      factors. Its occurrence is affected by the laterality of surgical approach and
      extent of dissection. Radiologists should be aware of such a complication when
      investigating post-fusion patients. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent further
      renal damage.

PMID- 6839659
TI  - Scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of septic sacro-iliitis.
AB  - Septic sacro-iliitis is a rare, life-threatening condition. The diagnosis is
      difficult, both clinically and radiographically, resulting in increased morbidity
      and delay in treatment. Skeletal scintigraphy is a sensitive method of
      establishing the diagnosis and monitoring progress. The blood pool image of the
      bone scan is the most informative part of the investigation.

PMID- 6839660
TI  - Sinography in chronic fistulating osteomyelitis in sickle-cell anaemia.
AB  - The sinographic appearances in 18 long bones of 14 consecutive patients with
      sickle-cell anaemia and chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis were studied
      prospectively; the observed features were compared with the plain radiographic
      and operative findings. Four sinographic patterns were noted: (1) infected bone
      cavities with or without sequestra; (2) extensive soft-tissue tracks, alone or in
      association with infected bone cavities; (3) narrow, wavy intramedullary tracks;
      (4) short sinus tracks in the soft tissue. Plain films were of no value in
      demonstrating the presence and extent of soft-tissue and narrow intramedullary
      tracks; they failed to show infected bone cavities in four instances because of
      very sclerotic bone. The sinographic features correlated well with the operative
      findings and contributed significantly to the choice of definitive treatment in
      13 out of the 18 bones.

PMID- 6839661
TI  - Comparative study of the sodium salts of iodamide and iothalamate in clinical
      urography.
AB  - In a comparative urographic study of the sodium salts of iodamide (Uromiro 300
      Sodium) and iothalamate (Conray 420) the following conclusions have been made.
      (i) In subjects with radiologically normal kidneys and a creatinine clearance
      greater than 70 ml/min, nephrogram scores were significantly higher with iodamide
      (P less than 0.02). There were differences between the media in respect of total
      urogram scores and pyelogram scores but they were not statistically significant.
      (ii) In patients with radiologically normal kidneys and a spectrum of normal and
      abnormal renal function, performance scores for iothalamate showed no significant
      relationship with creatinine clearance. Results for iodamide, however, showed
      some relationship with creatinine clearance (nephrogram score r = 0.46, pyelogram
      score r = 0.38, total urogram score r = 0.49). A possible mechanism for this is
      proposed. (iii) Side-effects encountered in the study were mild and there were no
      significant differences between the contrast media in either the incidence or
      severity of the side-effects. (iv) Blood-pressure and pulse-rate profiles
      following iodamide were not significantly different from those following
      iothalamate. (v) Cardiac arrhythmias were mild and uncommon.

PMID- 6839662
TI  - Response to repeated frusemide administration on low chloride and low sodium
      intake in the rat.
AB  - In animals on a normal NaCl intake despite the repeated administration of a
      diuretic Cl and Na excretion return to baseline values after initial Cl and Na
      loss. In order to delineate whether this apparent resistance is consequent
      primarily on a decreased effect of the diuretic, or compensatory Cl and Na
      reabsorption when the diuretic is not acting, rats were injected with frusemide
      (1.5 mg twice a day intraperitoneally for 4 days) while on diets differing in Cl
      and Na content. On a normal NaCl diet Cl and Na excretion increased on day 1 and
      subsequently returned to baseline. On a low NaCl diet Cl and Na excretion
      remained above baseline on all 4 days, thereby demonstrating that frusemide
      continues to promote daily Cl and Na loss. On a low Cl-normal Na intake Na
      excretion returned to baseline after day 1, while Cl excretion remained above
      baseline on all 4 days. The increase in K and net acid excretion was highest in
      these studies. On a low Na-normal Cl intake Cl excretion returned to baseline
      after day 2, while Na excretion exceeded baseline on all 4 days. Daily K
      excretion increased least and net acid excretion decreased in these studies.
      Hourly data on all four diets indicate that frusemide always has an acute effect
      to promote both Cl and Na excretion. In the recovery period Cl or Na reabsorption
      is enhanced when the respective ion is available. The apparent resistance to
      daily frusemide administration on a normal NaCl intake is primarily consequent on
      enhanced reabsorption balancing the chloriuretic and natriuretic effects. Daily
      changes in K and net acid excretion are also determined, in part, by these
      opposing effects.

PMID- 6839664
TI  - Testing for autonomic neuropathy: heart rate changes after orthostatic manoeuvres
      and static muscle contractions.
AB  - 1. The initial heart rate (HR) response evoked by standing, 70 degrees head-up
      tilt, handgrip and contraction of abdominal and leg muscles was analysed in
      diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and in matched controls. 2. In
      healthy subjects standing induced an immediate, large, HR increase lasting 20s
      that far exceeded the small HR rise induced by tilt. The HR response with
      handgrip and to contraction of abdominal and leg muscles was strikingly similar
      for the first 5 s to the HR increase after standing. 3. In diabetic patients
      handgrip and standing induced a small HR increase starting after 2-3 s.
      Contraction of abdominal and leg muscles evoked little or no HR changes. The HR
      rise after tilt up was delayed by 10 s compared with healthy controls. 4. It is
      concluded that the circulatory response to active and passive changes of posture
      differs fundamentally. Standing and handgrip are superior to head-up tilt as a
      test for vagal HR control. An abrupt and large HR increase after standing
      excludes cardiac parasympathetic neuropathy. A modified response, however, may be
      due to afferent as well as to efferent lesions, e.g. in muscle afferents or in
      vagal afferents from cardiopulmonary receptors.

PMID- 6839663
TI  - Lactic acidosis and the cardiovascular system in the dog.
AB  - 1. Lactic acidosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by metabolic acidaemia
      (pH less than 7.25) and hyperlactaemia (lactate greater than 5 mmol/l). Many
      patients with type B lactic acidosis have no evidence of tissue hypoxia or
      myocardial dysfunction when first evaluated. Although it is considered that
      cardiac dysfunction is secondary to the systemic effects of lactic acidosis, the
      reverse may sometimes be true. To evaluate this possibility, studies were carried
      out in 43 dogs consisting of a control group and three groups which had
      hyperlactataemia and metabolic acidaemia related to either: (1) phenformin
      infusion; (2) hepatectomy; (3) lactic acid infusion. Serial studies of cardiac
      function, as well as measurements of GFR (glomerular filtration rate) and hepatic
      portal vein (HPV) blood flow, were carried out. 2. In dogs infused with
      phenformin for 99 min, the arterial pH, lactate, bicarbonate, heart rate and mean
      blood pressure (BP) were normal. However, there was significant deterioration (P
      less than 0.01) in several indices of cardiac function, including the peak
      positive dP/dt, cardiac output, LVEDP (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure)
      and percentage extraction of oxygen and lactate by the heart. After 3 h of
      phenformin, the blood lactate exceeded 5 mmol/l and there were further
      significant decrements (P less than 0.01) in cardiac output, LVEDP and dP/dt, as
      well as BP and heart rate. In dogs subjected to hepatectomy, the decrement in
      cardiac output was similar to that with phenformin infusion. However, in animals
      infused with lactic acid, despite a similar blood pH and lactate, cardiac output
      was unaffected. Although percentage myocardial oxygen extraction declined in
      phenformin-infused animals, there was a concomitant increase in coronary sinus
      blood flow such that myocardial oxygen utilization was probably unaltered. 3.
      Thus, in certain types of experimental type B lactic acidosis, myocardial
      dysfunction may be a primary event, with other associated systemic manifestations
      being secondary.

PMID- 6839665
TI  - Do elderly patients with an excessive fall in blood pressure on standing have
      evidence of autonomic failure?
AB  - 1. Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine responses were examined in
      two groups of elderly subjects distinguished by blood pressure responses to
      standing. Subjects in the control group showed a fall of less than 15 mmHg in
      systolic blood pressure on standing; subjects in the orthostatic hypotension
      group had falls of more than 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic blood
      pressure on standing. 2. The heart pressure response on standing showed no
      significant difference between the two groups. 3. The orthostatic hypotension
      patients had lower plasma noradrenaline concentrations than the control patients
      (P less than 0.01) in the supine position, but during 10 min standing there was
      no significant difference in noradrenaline levels between the groups, and the
      percentage increase of noradrenaline levels in the orthostatic hypotension group
      was greater (P less than 0.05) than in the control group. 4. In the supine
      position, diastolic blood pressure was higher (P less than 0.05) in the
      orthostatic hypotension group than in the control group. 5. We conclude that
      impairment of baroreceptor function is not involved in most cases of orthostatic
      hypotension in the elderly, nor is there reduction of sympathetic nervous
      activity. We suggest that mechanical changes or adrenoreceptor dysfunction are
      more likely to be important factors in orthostatic hypotension in the elderly.

PMID- 6839666
TI  - Haemodynamic responses to static and dynamic handgrip before and after autonomic
      blockade.
AB  - 1. Six healthy men performed static and dynamic handgrip to local muscular
      fatigue in approximately 6 min under control conditions, i.e. without drugs and
      after combined parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blockade with atropine and
      metoprolol. 2. From rest to exercise at fatigue, systolic, diastolic and mean
      arterial pressures increased by 32 +/- 4 and 39 +/- 3 mmHg, 24 +/- 3 and 26 +/- 4
      mmHg, and 26 +/- 3 and 30 +/- 3 mmHg respectively for static and dynamic
      handgrip. There were no significant differences between the pressor responses for
      the two modes of contraction. Cardiac output increased significantly only during
      dynamic exercise. Total peripheral resistance increased by 2.3 +/- 1.0 units for
      static handgrip (P less than 0.05) and by 0.7 +/- 0.8 unit (P greater than 0.05)
      for dynamic handgrip. Autonomic blockade abolished the heart rate response to
      both static and dynamic handgrip. For both modes of contraction the systolic
      arterial pressure responses were 9-12 mmHg lower (P less than 0.05) after
      autonomic blockade, but the diastolic and mean pressure responses were not
      significantly affected. A significant increase in cardiac output persisted during
      dynamic exercise. The increase in peripheral resistance during static exercise
      tended to be greater after blockade. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels
      showed only minor elevations in response to static and dynamic handgrip and were
      not changed by autonomic blockade. 3. These data indicate that when performed to
      a common end-point with identical small muscle groups static and dynamic exercise
      produce an equally large pressor response, which is only slightly attenuated by
      autonomic blockade.

PMID- 6839667
TI  - The effects of human milk and low-protein formulae on the rates of total body
      protein turnover and urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion of preterm infants.
AB  - 1. The effects of human milk and two low-protein formulae on the protein
      metabolism of 30 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants, birth weight
      1.5-2.0 kg, were studied. The compositions of the two formulae were identical
      except for the protein source, with either casein or whey predominant. 2. The
      three diet groups all received similar nitrogen (390 mg of N day-1 kg-1) and
      energy intakes (500 kJ day-1 kg-1). 3. Growth rates for length and weight were
      comparable and approximated to intrauterine growth. Nitrogen absorption and net
      nitrogen utilization were enhanced in the human-milk-fed group. However, there
      were no differences in nitrogen retention, which averaged 274 mg day-1 kg-1 and
      approximated to intrauterine accretion rates. 4. Rates of whole-body nitrogen
      flux, protein synthesis and breakdown in the human-milk group were increased by
      43-54% over the values seen in either of the two formula-fed groups (P less than
      0.01). No differences were seen between the two formula groups. 5. No differences
      were seen in urine 3-methylhistidine excretion between the three study groups. 6.
      Our results suggest significant differences in the whole-body protein metabolism
      of formula-fed infants compared with human-milk-fed infants.

PMID- 6839668
TI  - Central and peripheral nerve conduction in thyroid dysfunction: the influence of
      L-thyroxine therapy compared with warming upon the conduction abnormalities of
      primary hypothyroidism.
AB  - 1. The latencies of the visual evoked responses, indices of central nerve
      conduction, and peripheral nerve conduction were slowed in patients with primary
      hypothyroidism compared with controls. 2. In thyrotoxic patients, there was no
      change in the latencies of the visual evoked responses and peripheral nerve
      conduction compared with the control group. 3. The abnormalities seen in
      hypothyroidism were reversed by L-thyroxine therapy. 4. Warming untreated
      hypothyroid patients significantly improved both central and peripheral nerve
      conduction. 5. The conduction delay found in hypothyroidism is to a large extent
      dependent upon a subnormal body temperature.

PMID- 6839670
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for alpha- and beta-gliadins.
AB  - 1. A rapid, sensitive specific radioimmunoassay for alpha- and beta-gliadin has
      been developed using an antiserum raised in rabbits to A-gliadin, a component of
      alpha-gliadin. 2. The antigen used in the assay was alpha-gliadin labelled with
      125I; antigen-antibody complexes were collected after adsorption to
      Staphylococcus aureus in suspension. 3. The sensitivity of the assay, as judged
      by competitive binding with unlabelled antigen, was 1 ng of alpha- or beta
      gliadin, which show complete cross-reaction with this antiserum. 4. Cross
      reactivity to other wheat proteins was less than 1% and no cross-reactivity to
      extracts of rye, barley or oats was observed. 5. This radioimmunoassay for alpha-
      and beta-gliadin has been used to measure their amount in different varieties of
      wheat flour, several foods prepared from flour, e.g. bread, biscuits and products
      prepared as 'gluten free'. The possibility of assaying for alpha-gliadin in
      prepared foods is of special value since alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadin
      have been shown to exacerbate coeliac disease.

PMID- 6839669
TI  - Platelet function and lipoprotein levels after plasma-exchange in patients with
      familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - 1. Repeated plasma exchange was carried out on three young patients with severe
      familial hypercholesterolaemia. There was a 3 week interval between each
      exchange. After a single exchange, plasma cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and low
      density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels decreased markedly, but pre-exchange
      levels were not achieved within 2 weeks. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol and
      apolipoprotein A-I levels also fell but returned to the original concentration
      after only 5 days. 2. Platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin release were
      increased in all three patients and dropped by 20% and 13% respectively after a
      single plasma exchange. Platelet function in vitro returned to pre-exchange
      levels with similar kinetics to that observed with the low density lipoprotein
      concentration. On removal of 100 g of plasma cholesterol, after repeated
      exchanges, low density lipoprotein concentration and platelet function were
      significantly decreased in comparison with values before initiation of plasma
      exchange. In addition there was a marked regression of xanthoma in all three
      patients. 3. Since this procedure is instrumental in achieving a negative
      cholesterol balance as well as inhibiting hypersensitive platelets, it may well
      result in a downgrading of the atherosclerotic risk.

PMID- 6839671
TI  - Assessment of vascular responses to postural change.

PMID- 6839672
TI  - Medical self-perception: the mirror image.

PMID- 6839673
TI  - Auxiliary report: physician impairment.

PMID- 6839674
TI  - Equity leasing: what is it?

PMID- 6839675
TI  - Rural physicians and continuing education programming.

PMID- 6839677
TI  - Symposium on immune factors in pulmonary disease.

PMID- 6839676
TI  - Marriage to a physician: the stresses and responsibilities.

PMID- 6839678
TI  - Symposium on computers in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 6839679
TI  - Computer systems in clinical microbiology.

PMID- 6839680
TI  - Automated systems in blood banking.

PMID- 6839681
TI  - System reliability. Assurance of quality and security.

PMID- 6839682
TI  - Acquiring a laboratory computer system. Vendor selection and contracting.

PMID- 6839683
TI  - Linking laboratory and hospital information systems: the modular approach.

PMID- 6839684
TI  - Acquiring a laboratory computer system. Self evaluation and systems analysis.

PMID- 6839686
TI  - Laboratory computerization. A new analysis of workflow and reporting.

PMID- 6839685
TI  - User design of a laboratory computer system.

PMID- 6839687
TI  - Conspectus. New problems with staphylococci.

PMID- 6839688
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinemias: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 6839691
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolus.

PMID- 6839690
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy during pregnancy.

PMID- 6839689
TI  - Principles of current cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Cancer chemotherapy is an established therapeutic modality capable of achieving
      cures, either alone or in combination with surgery and radiation therapy. New
      drugs and therapeutic approaches with potent effects on both tumor and normal
      host tissues are being introduced into clinical use. Clinical management of the
      patient with cancer, however, continues to be based upon established principles.
      Knowledge of these principles will guide the clinician in the appropriate use of
      the growing list of effective chemotherapeutic agents. Although standard therapy
      for specific tumors will undoubtedly change during the next few years, future
      therapy will still be founded on fundamental concepts and basic principles of
      tumor biology and clinical oncology.

PMID- 6839692
TI  - Selected abstracts of the VIIIth meeting of the Federation of European Connective
      Tissue Societies. Copenhagen, Denmark, August 10-13, 1982.

PMID- 6839693
TI  - Need for an difficulties of an improved occupational health advisory service for
      school leavers.

PMID- 6839696
TI  - Occupational health and the school leaver.

PMID- 6839695
TI  - Evaluation of a neonatal discharge record as a monitor of congenital
      malformations.

PMID- 6839694
TI  - Public attitudes to and experience of medical check-ups.

PMID- 6839697
TI  - National cancer registration: an appraisal.

PMID- 6839699
TI  - Community psychiatric rehabilitation projects in West Germany.

PMID- 6839698
TI  - A study of residents of five old people's homes in Singapore.

PMID- 6839700
TI  - A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology.

PMID- 6839701
TI  - Introducing the regional programme on health education and lifestyles.

PMID- 6839702
TI  - Communicable disease report. United Kingdom July to September 1982.

PMID- 6839703
TI  - Work and workers' responses at Wittenoom, 1943-1966.

PMID- 6839704
TI  - Sputum asbestos bodies and radiographic changes in residents of Wittenoom,
      Western Australia.

PMID- 6839705
TI  - Critique of occupational health monitoring in Australia.

PMID- 6839706
TI  - At the margin or on average: some issues and evidence in planning the balance of
      care for the aged in Australia.

PMID- 6839707
TI  - Deligitimization of mental health myths of new remote mining communities in
      Australia.

PMID- 6839708
TI  - Goals and priorities in prevention: the challenge of chronic disease and
      disability.

PMID- 6839709
TI  - Commentary: biology, epidemiology and public health--missing links.

PMID- 6839710
TI  - Commentary: behavioural medicine.

PMID- 6839711
TI  - Tessulatoxin, the vasoactive protein from the venom of the marine snail Conus
      tessulatus.
AB  - 1. Tessulatoxin, a powerful vasoactive protein from the marine snail Conus
      tessulatus, has been purified by affinity and electrofocusing chromatography. 2.
      The purified protein is almost homogeneous on slab gel electrophoresis. 3. The
      molecular weight of tessulatoxin is 26,000: the lethal dose for the fish Rhodeus
      ocellatus smithi is 1 microgram/g. 4. This toxic protein (10(-7) approximately 5
      X 10(-7) g/ml) causes a marked contraction of the rabbit isolated aorta, which is
      inhibited by verapamil (10(-6) M).

PMID- 6839712
TI  - Properties of white trunk muscle from saithe Pollachius virens, rainbow trout
      Salmo gairdneri and herring Clupea harengus: protein synthesis in vitro,
      electrophoretic study of proteins.
AB  - 1. Ribosomes were isolated from white trunk muscle of saithe (Pollachius virens),
      rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and herring (Clupea harengus). 2. Incorporation
      of amino acids into protein by the ribosomes was determined in systems containing
      liver cell sap from rainbow trout. 3. Incorporation of phenylalanine into protein
      was as follows: saithe 163.19 +/- 7.64 pmol, rainbow trout 126.99 +/- 3.07 pmol,
      herring 29.34 +/- 1.28 pmol per g wet weight of tissue and 4 min of incubation at
      28 degrees C. 4. Proteins associated with the ribosome fractions showed minor
      differences between the species as analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in sodium dodecylsulfate. Proteins of myofibrillar origin were predominant in
      those fractions.

PMID- 6839713
TI  - The characterization of an adenosine deaminase from chicken serum.
AB  - 1. Adenosine deaminase from chicken serum was purified and characterized. 2. The
      Km and Vmax values of the enzyme in respect of adenosine as substrate were 7.14 x
      10(-3) M and 8.5 microM/min respectively. AMP, ADP & ATP are poorly metabolized
      respectively in decreasing order. 3. The enzyme had no NADase and NADPase
      activities but the presence of either NAD or NADP in normal incubation mixture
      activated the enzyme. 4. Metal ions Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ activated the enzyme to
      various levels. 5. Some compounds, mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol (DTT),
      dithiobisnitrobenzoate (DTNB) inhibited the enzyme to various extents.

PMID- 6839714
TI  - Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component in
      plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in relation to season and injected
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - 1. Mean monthly serum levels of total protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum
      amyloid P component (SAP) in plaice, showed no significant difference between the
      sexes. 2. Highest values for CRP and protein were found between June and
      September, with no significant seasonal variation in SAP. 3. There was no change
      in CRP concentration in plaice maintained for 7 days at a higher temperature of
      18.5 degrees C. 4. Injection of lipopolysaccharide caused the highest value for
      CRP on day 1 and for the spleen index on day 5 after injection. 5. Phagocytic
      stimulation with carbon had no significant effect on the CRP response to
      endotoxin.

PMID- 6839715
TI  - A time course study of the effect of repetitive doses of estradiol-17 beta on
      serum glucose and lipids, liver glycogen and some carbohydrate metabolizing
      enzymes in liver of male flounder (Platichtys flesus L.).
AB  - 1. Repeated treatment of male flounder with 5 and 100 microgram doses of
      estradiol-17 beta increases the level of phospholipid, triglyceride, free fatty
      acids and total lipid in serum as a function of time and dose, during a period of
      17 days. 2. The glucose level in serum is increased and decreased respectively by
      doses of 5 and 100 micrograms. 3. Five and 100 microgram doses decrease the level
      of glycogen in liver. 4. Five microgram doses do not affect the activity of the
      measured enzymes considerably, with the exception of phosphorylase a. 5. One
      hundred microgram doses increase the activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase after 11 days. 6. One hundred microgram doses increase the activity
      of pyruvate kinase continuously during the experimental period and decrease
      phosphorylase a and glucose-6-phosphatase activity.

PMID- 6839716
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of lateral muscle myogen and haemoglobins of two species of
      Mugilidae.
AB  - 1. The myogen protein patterns of lateral muscle of Liza ramada (Risso) and
      Chelon labrosus (Risso), revealed by isoelectric focusing, are reported. Specific
      differences are noted both in the white and in the red muscle (where they are
      more evident). 2. Red muscle shows the presence of a chromoprotein, found to be
      myoglobin, with a pI characteristic for the species. 3. Blood haemoglobins were
      examined with the same technique and also found to be species specific.

PMID- 6839718
TI  - Vertebrate skin type I collagen: comparison of bony fishes with lamprey and calf.
AB  - 1. Characterization of Type I collagen alpha chains, alpha 1 and alpha 2, in the
      skin tissues of carp and common mackerel revealed a marked interspecies
      difference in CNBr-peptide maps of the alpha 2 chains, suggesting the
      hypervariability during evolution of the alpha 2 chains relative to the alpha 1
      chains. 2. When compared with calf Type I collagen, lower vertebrate Type I
      collagens derived from these bony fishes as well as from lamprey were found to
      exhibit a higher degree of structural similarity between their alpha 1 and alpha
      2 chains.

PMID- 6839717
TI  - Isolation and characterization of hepatic metallothionein from rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - 1. A low molecular weight (7,700) Zn- and Cu-containing protein was isolated from
      the livers of Zn-injected rainbow trout by gel filtration and ion exchange
      chromatography. Purity of the isolated protein was assessed by native and
      denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. 2. The
      purified protein was positively identified as a metallothionein on the basis of
      its molecular size, high metal content (3.6 g atoms Zn and 2.6 g atoms Cu per
      mole; 5.2% metal), heat stability, u.v. absorption spectrum, charge and amino
      acid composition (25% cysteine, no histidine and tryptophan, and trace tyrosine
      and phenylalanine). 3. The relatively high Cu content of this protein was
      unexpected and may be attributed to the presence of high levels of Cu, as Cu
      thionein, in the livers of non-injected fish. 4. The comparative differences in
      the metal content of hepatic MT in trout and other animals are discussed.

PMID- 6839721
TI  - A comparison of the lipoprotein lipase activity in the tissues and post-heparin
      plasma of atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons.
AB  - 1. The lipoprotein lipase activity measured in acetone-ether powders of tissues
      from White Carneau and Show Racer pigeons was invariably somewhat lower in the
      former compared with the latter species. 2. At 100 and 200 Units of heparin per
      kg body weight the peak post-heparin lipolytic activity present in the plasma of
      White Carneau pigeons was significantly lower than that for Show Racers. At 50
      Units per kg, this position was reversed. 3. It was concluded that the White
      Carneau pigeon may have an impaired functional lipoprotein lipase capacity
      compared to the Show Racer control.

PMID- 6839720
TI  - Physiological and biochemical properties and population studies in the M lactate
      dehydrogenase polymorphism of Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura).
AB  - 1. M LDH polymorphism has been previously described in Discoglossus pictus. 2.
      Gene frequency at the LdM locus varied significantly in two isolated areas which
      differed markedly in water oxygen tension. 3. Sex distribution, relative activity
      of the LDH isozymes, percentage of total H and M subunits and enzyme kinetics did
      not differ among the distinct LDH phenotypes. 4. Under decreasing oxygen
      conditions, mean time to death, LT50 and oxygen consumption were similar in
      tadpoles of the three LDH phenotypes (fast, intermediate and slow). 5. Our
      results are compatible with a neutral role for this LDH polymorphism.

PMID- 6839719
TI  - Energy enzymes from the flight muscle of the house sparrow Passer domesticus--I.
      Activity levels of the glycolytic enzymes from the soluble fraction.

PMID- 6839722
TI  - Partial characterization of transferrins of some species of the family
      Cyprinidae.
AB  - 1. Transferrins of five cyprinid fishes (Tinca tinca, Ctenopharyngodon idella,
      Chondrostoma nasus. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis) were
      isolated in a pure state using Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex and SP-Sephadex. 2.
      All the transferrins are heterogeneous. In H. molitrix and A. nobilis the
      heterogeneity is caused partly, but not exclusively, by the presence of sialic
      acid; in the other species it is independent of sialic acid. 3. Molecular weights
      ranging from 69,900 (T. tinca) to 78,800 (H. molitrix) were obtained by
      sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis with beta-mercaptoethanol indicated that the transferrins are
      composed of a single polypeptide chain. 4. Amino acid compositions of all species
      were similar, the greatest similarity being in the transferrins of H. molitrix
      and A. nobilis. 5. Carbohydrate was not found in transferrins of T. tinca and C.
      idella, but was present in A. nobilis (2.63%) and H. molitrix (5.01%). 6. Alanine
      was N-terminal in C. idella. No N-terminal amino acid was found in T. tinca, H.
      molitrix and A. nobilis.

PMID- 6839723
TI  - Immunological homology between chicken alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and an egg white
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 6839725
TI  - Isolation, purification and characterization of spleen ferritin of Gallus
      domesticus L.
AB  - The ferritin from the spleen of the chickens has been isolated by a method of
      salt fractionation and by a pH change followed by purification in sephadex G-200.
      2. The identification of the protein was carried out by acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showing a single band. 3. The characterization of ferritin has
      been made by determination of molecular weight, amino acids analysis and the
      number of iron atoms (4520) which bound the ferritin. 4. The ferritin from the
      spleen of chicken is compared with the ferritin from the liver of pigeon.

PMID- 6839724
TI  - A new rapid method for determination of anserine and carnosine in muscles.
AB  - 1. It was found that anserine and carnosine form with o-phthalic aldehyde
      coloured reaction products of identical molar coefficient of absorption at 640
      nm. Hence, a simple and rapid method for spectrophotometric determination of
      these dipeptides has been worked out. The method was applied to determine the sum
      of anserine and carnosine in muscles of adult geese, (female). Carnosine was
      determined with enzymatic method. 2. Ratio between anserine and carnosine
      concentrations depends on animal age (lower in 1-yr-old geese than in 2- and 3-yr
      old ones) and type of muscles (lower in leg muscles compared to breast muscle).
      3. Correlation was found between level of carnosine and level of anserine--it
      depended both on geese and type of muscles.

PMID- 6839726
TI  - Characterization of the non-saponifiable fraction of the liver lipids of the
      shark Carcharias taurus by mass-spectrometry.
AB  - 1. The non-saponifiable fractions (NSF) of the liver lipids of the common
      Nigerian shark Carcharias taurus were identified by mass-spectrometry. 2. The
      lipids were extracted from the liver microsomes. 3. Hydrocarbons made up 21.29%
      of the NSF, sterols 26.45% and coenzymes 52.26%. 4. Thin layer chromatography
      followed by mass-spectral analysis showed that squalene was the major hydrocarbon
      present. 5. The sterol fraction consisted of cholesterol, 1-octanol and 1
      hexadecyl glycerol ether. 6. The coenzymes consisted clearly of vitamin A,
      coenzyme Q and probably also vitamin E.

PMID- 6839727
TI  - Computer-assisted analysis of human G-banded chromosomes.
AB  - The problem of data input into the computer was solved by means of an
      electromechanical scanner of our own design, which processes information from a
      positive photocopy. Classification of chromosomes in homologous pairs uses linear
      functions of discriminant variables. Evaluation of the quality of discriminant
      variables is based on multivariate generalization of analysis of variance and on
      Wilks' statistics. The success of the system described depends generally on the
      reproducibility of banding, on the loss of information during photographic
      process, on the parameters of the equipment used, as well as on the mathematical
      methods employed. The results were obtained from an analysis of 27 male and
      female diploid sets from the normal population and they are fully comparable with
      other systems, although no direct processing of the sets from the preparation is
      used.

PMID- 6839729
TI  - An efficient procedure for computing exact confidence limits for a standardized
      mortality ratio.

PMID- 6839728
TI  - Computer simulation of transport phenomena during dialysis deglycerolization of
      red blood cells.
AB  - A computer simulation model has been developed to aid in the understanding,
      parameter prediction, and performance optimization of a unique dialysis process
      where glycerol is removed from cryopreserved red blood cells using a
      semipermeable membrane pouch fixed in a mildly agitated transport cell. The
      dynamic system considered here consists of flow channels and the membrane blood
      pouch which contains the red blood cells, extracellular fluid, and
      cryopreservatives. Dialysate flows over the membrane surfaces while salt enters
      the pouch preventing osmotic hemolysis. The glycerol diffuses rapidly from the
      red cells and plasma across the membrane into the dialysate which carries it out
      of the transport cell. The system is discretized into completely mixed
      subdomains. Constituent transport and solvent flux are modeled with the transient
      convection-diffusion equation and linear equations of nonequilibrium
      thermodynamics, respectively. The integrated compartment method was used to solve
      for the principal variables, that is, salt and glycerol concentrations, water
      flow rates, and pressure in space and time. The computer simulation model,
      calibrated and verified with in-house data sets, is a reliable, cost-effective
      and flexible tool for dialysis system investigations, prediction, and optimal
      design.

PMID- 6839730
TI  - A computerized system for monitoring systolic time intervals from esophageal
      accelerograms.
AB  - An automated microcomputer system for monitoring heart rate and systolic time
      intervals (STI)--preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET),
      and PEP/LVET--was implemented. The system, employing esophageal accelerometry, is
      economical and simple to operate. Being light and compact, it is therefore
      portable. The accuracy and reliability are no less than considerably more costly
      systems. The set of systolic time intervals can be measured and output in 6 sec.
      The system offers the advantage of monitoring STI in a larger number of surgical
      patients than do traditional systems due to its esophageal transducer.

PMID- 6839731
TI  - A method for quantification of alternate pronation and supination of forearms.
AB  - A method for quantitative evaluation of diadochokinesia test (alternate pronation
      and supination of forearms) has been developed. Ten parameters that quantify
      features of movements were established. The method was applied to a group of
      healthy people and a group of patients with methylmercury poisoning. Significant
      differences between the two groups were noted in many parameters. To interpret
      the parameters synthetically, principal component analysis was applied and a
      scatter diagram on the first two principal components indicated the difference in
      distribution between the two groups. Among the established parameters, there were
      six related to regularity. They were combined in a linear form to define a
      summarized measure for regularity. The measure agreed very well with visual
      judgment. The obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the method in daily
      clinical practices.

PMID- 6839732
TI  - Quantitative phase analysis of exercise radionuclide left ventriculography in
      normals and patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Using multigated radionuclide ventriculography (RNV), the left ventricular (LV)
      phase histogram (PH) was used to quantitate LV synchrony at rest and at
      submaximal and maximal supine exercise in 10 normal and 10 coronary (CAD)
      patients. Each LV PH was obtained by masking the phase image with an LV region,
      generated semiautomatically and modified if necessary to minimize ambiguity of LV
      delineation. The shape and spread of each histogram was characterized by its
      standard deviation (SD) and skewness (SK). Normals had a tight resting PH with
      slight negative skewness (SD = 9.06 +/- 0.22 (mean +/- SEM; SK = -0.53 +/- 0.05).
      CAD patients had a wider resting PH with a larger SD and a significantly more
      positive skewness reflecting greater contractile asynchrony (SD = 16.53 +/- 2.26;
      SK = 0.35 +/- 0.22). With exercise the PH distribution for the normals remained
      tight (SD = 8.1 +/- 0.24) while SK changed little (SK = -0.29 +/- 0.04). In
      contradistinction, with exercise CAD patients markedly increased the spread of
      their LV PH (SD = 27.42 +/- 3.77) and increased the number of late pixels (SK =
      0.75 +/- 0.15). It is concluded that quantitative PH analysis is a useful adjunct
      for the analysis of regional asynergy during resting or exercise radionuclide
      left ventriculography.

PMID- 6839734
TI  - Sensitizing potential of 12 di(meth)acrylates in the guinea pig.

PMID- 6839733
TI  - Standard photopatch testing with Musk Ambrette.
AB  - 495 patients were standard photopatch tested with Musk Ambrette 5% in petrolatum
      and in dimethyl phthalate. 4 cases gave positive photopatches; 3 were men and 1 a
      woman. 2 cases, both men, had current or past relevant reactions to Musk Ambrette
      presented with typical perfume dermatitis. The other 2 cases had positive
      reactions to Musk Ambrette of uncertain relevance. Photoallergic reaction to Musk
      Ambrette is a rare event. Only a few relevant reactions will be missed by
      excluding it from standard phototesting.

PMID- 6839735
TI  - Assessment of skin irritancy: measurement of skin fold thickness.
AB  - It is desirable to use more objective methods than visual scoring for the
      assessment of skin irritancy reactions. The edema, or fluid accumulation in the
      exposed skin sites, can be accurately measured by a caliper and this alternative
      method of assessment is evaluated from different aspects. Sodium lauryl sulfate
      (SLS) and non-anoic acid in different concentrations were applied daily to human
      and animal (rabbit and guinea pig) skin, and a dose-response relationship
      established. Higher concentrations of the irritants induced an earlier response.
      With 5% SLS as the test substance and the increase in skin fold thickness as the
      single parameter of skin irritancy, the guinea pig was found to be less reactive
      than rabbit and man. Measurement techniques, reproducibility and advantages and
      disadvantages with different animal models are discussed.

PMID- 6839736
TI  - Phototoxicity of Heracleum laciniatum. Case reports and experimental studies.
AB  - Phytophotodermatitis from Heracleum laciniatum is described in 2 typical cases.
      Experimental phytophotodermatitis was produced using homogenates from leaves of
      the plant and long-wave ultraviolet light. The homogenates of leaves produced
      strong phototoxic reactions. The minimal phototoxic erythema dose was determined
      to be lowest for abdominal and midback skin. The action spectrum for Heracleum
      laciniatum homogenates applied topically was found to be in the range 315-375 nm
      with peak sensitivity at 330-335 nm.

PMID- 6839737
TI  - Studies on purity and stability of photopatch test substances.
AB  - 19 photo substances were studied by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as fresh
      solutions, and during storage under various conditions. Chlorhexidine was
      excluded as it is sparingly soluble and only used in commercial products as a
      derivative. Trichlorocarbanilide was the only substance shown to be impure from
      the start. Only benzocaine, buclosamide, chlorhexidine acetate and chlorhexidine
      gluconate remained unchanged to the naked eye, and in TLC. The other substances
      were changed in colour and/or in their TLC-pattern. As extraction method is
      described which makes it possible to use TLC for the examination of substances in
      petrolatum preparations. UV-absorption spectra have also been examined for all
      the substances.

PMID- 6839738
TI  - The sensitizing capacity of Alstroemeria cultivars in man and guinea pig. Remarks
      on the occurrence, quantity and irritant and sensitizing potency of their
      constituents tuliposide A and tulipalin A (alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone).
AB  - Dermatitis in 8 female nursery workers handling Alstroemeria ligtu cultivars has
      been proven/proved in 6 cases to be of allergic origin. Epicutaneous tests with
      cut flower extracts as well as with the isolated and purified sensitizer were
      positive. Successful animal experiments corroborated the sensitising capacity of
      Alstroemeria cultivars. The responsible but unstable contact allergen, alpha
      methylene-gamma-butyrolactone (tulipalin A), was found in short ether extracts of
      flower petals in concentrations up to 18%. Due to its instability, subsequent
      extractions were performed with methanol, yielding the sensitising constituent
      after purification in the glucosidic form (tuliposide A). This could be stored at
      room temperature for longer periods without loss of activity. Tuliposide A was
      determined in specimens of Alstroemeria ligtu cultivars of 14 different origins
      of various colours; its content varied between 1 and 2%. Direct testing of the
      plant material in human patients carries the risk of false positive reactions and
      active sensitisation, as the threshold for both forms of the allergen is very
      high. Only a concentration of 0.01% can be considered safe.

PMID- 6839739
TI  - Contact sensitivity to acrylate compounds in guinea pigs.
AB  - As reports of contact dermatitis in humans due to acrylate compounds have
      increased considerably in recent years, it was decided to investigate the ability
      of these chemicals to evoke contact sensitivity skin reactions in guinea pigs. 21
      different acrylate and methacrylate compounds were scanned for their ability to
      induce contact sensitivity, using 5 different sensitization protocols. Contact
      reactions of varying intensities were produced to all the mono-, di- and
      triacrylates tested. However, it was not possible to sensitize guinea pigs to any
      methacrylates. It would appear that guinea pigs cannot be contact sensitized to
      acrylate chemicals that are substituted on carbon 2.

PMID- 6839740
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to pyridoxine ester and hinokitiol.

PMID- 6839741
TI  - Contact urticaria from peanut butter.
AB  - A patient with multiple atopic allergies, atopic facial dermatitis, and a
      generalized atopic skin diathesis developed (i) angioedema of the lips and tongue
      following ingestion of peanut butter, and (ii) localized urticarial reactions
      following direct skin contact. Open testing with peanut butter demonstrated
      probable immunologic contact urticaria. The relationship of contact urticaria to
      the atopic skin diathesis is discussed.

PMID- 6839742
TI  - Patch testing with sodium tungstate.
AB  - Hard metal contains about 90% tungsten carbide. In an investigation of the skin
      of 853 individuals who are still working or had previously worker in hard metal
      manufacture, sodium tungstate was included in a patch test with a panel of
      substances from the environment of the employees. No allergic reactions to
      tungstate were found. However, irritant pustular reactions appeared in 2.0% of
      the patch tests. The pustular reactions were often reproducible.

PMID- 6839743
TI  - Contact dermatitis to isoconazole nitrate.

PMID- 6839744
TI  - Lipstick dermatitis caused by castor oil.

PMID- 6839745
TI  - Oral challenge with balsam of Peru in patients with eczema: a preliminary study.

PMID- 6839746
TI  - Addison's disease and contact dermatitis from mercury in a soap.

PMID- 6839747
TI  - Low sensitization rate of naphthyl mix.

PMID- 6839749
TI  - Contact dermatitis to oryza.

PMID- 6839748
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in Fucidin ointment.

PMID- 6839750
TI  - Sensitivity to urostomy pouch plastic.

PMID- 6839751
TI  - Standard patch test series for screening of contact allergy to dental materials.

PMID- 6839753
TI  - Evaluation of a preliminary standard patch test series for the screening of
      dental materials.

PMID- 6839754
TI  - Contact dermatitis to Eutanol G.

PMID- 6839752
TI  - Contact urticaria to actinidia chinensis.

PMID- 6839755
TI  - Investigation into patch testing with copper sulphate.

PMID- 6839756
TI  - Contact "pants paresthesia syndrome".

PMID- 6839757
TI  - Side effects of danazol compared with an ethinyloestradiol/norgestrel combination
      when used for postcoital contraception.
AB  - A postcoital contraceptive with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting than
      oestrogen-progestogen combinations would be a significant advance. During a nine
      month period, 101 women were treated at the Margaret Pyke Centre in London with
      either an oestrogen-progestogen combination or with danazol. A comparison of the
      side effects of each drug is reported. Those treated with danazol were six times
      less likely to experience nausea and none vomited. With the exception of breast
      symptoms, other side effects were five times less common in women receiving
      danazol. These differences give danazol a clear advantage in terms of patient
      acceptability. Further experience will enable the efficacy of danazol to be
      evaluated and so determine whether this drug should become the preferred hormonal
      postcoital treatment.

PMID- 6839758
TI  - Comparison of different prostaglandin analogues and laminaria for preoperative
      dilatation of the cervix in late first trimester abortion.
AB  - The present study included 550 mainly primiparous women in the 8th to 12th week
      of pregnancy admitted to the hospital for termination of pregnancy. The patients
      were treated by different prostaglandin analogues or one medium size laminaria
      tent followed by vacuum aspiration. The treatment period was three hours, which
      for some analogues was extended to six and twelve hours. The prostaglandins
      studied were 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester (0.5 and 1.0 mg), 16,16-dimethyl
      trans-delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester (1.0 mg), 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2
      (30 mg), all administered by the vaginal route, and 16-phenoxy-omega-17,18, 19,20
      tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide (0.25 and 0.5 mg) given as i.m. injections. At
      operation the degree of cervical dilatation, the amount of blood loss and other
      operative complications were registered. The patients were continuously
      supervised during treatment and during at least three hours after operation. Side
      effects, complications and vital signs were recorded. The degree of cervical
      dilatation was related to the duration of prostaglandin treatment. If the
      duration of prostaglandin treatment was prolonged, the frequency of
      gastrointestinal side effects, abortion prior to scheduled time for vacuum
      aspiration and pain needing analgesic treatment also increased. Both the efficacy
      and the frequency of side effects were dose dependent. The outcome of therapy
      after three-hour pretreatment was evaluated. All the prostaglandins were more
      effective than one medium size laminaria tent in dilating the cervical canal. The
      three E analogues were most effective. The number of patients with bleeding at
      operation of 50 ml or more was also higher following laminaria than following
      prostaglandin pretreatment. Most advantageous in this respect were the three E
      analogues. Frequency of gastrointestinal side effects and degree of pain
      following 9-methylene PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE1 methyl ester was the same as
      following laminaria treatment.

PMID- 6839759
TI  - Vacuum aspiration with the IPAS Modified Gynecologic Syringe.
AB  - The IPAS Modified Gynecologic Syringe was compared with the electric pump and
      standard hand pump in a clinical trial of 1227 women undergoing vacuum
      aspiration. This modified double-valve syringe was designed to fit larger 8 mm,
      10 mm and 12 mm cannulae, which are more suitable for late first trimester
      procedures. The study was conducted at four centers in which the double-valve
      syringe was used alternately with the vacuum source normally used at each clinic.
      Although there were notable inter-center differences with respect to certain
      outcome variables, results were similar for procedures performed at the same
      center. The only significant finding was the lower proportion of women requiring
      D & C to complete uterine evacuation among double-valve syringe patients than
      among hand pump cases at one center. The data indicate that the double-valve
      syringe is safe and effective for uterine aspiration in women up to 14 weeks'
      gestation and may be preferable for use in clinics with limited facilities.

PMID- 6839760
TI  - Oral contraceptive steroids do not promote the development or growth of
      prolactinomas.
AB  - Seventy women with prolactinomas, age 19-38 years, were studied in order to
      evaluate a possible relationship between the use of steroidal oral contraceptives
      (o.c.) and the development of prolactin-producing adenomas. Sixty-seven patients
      were admitted for investigation because of menstrual bleeding disturbances and
      three patients because of galactorrhea. Forty-three patients (61%) had used o.c.
      Thirty-six out of forty-three women (83%) experienced their menstrual
      disturbances and/or galactorrhea when using o.c. or immediately after
      discontinuing the pill. Patients who had used o.c. had shorter duration of
      symptoms, lower S-prolactin levels and less pronounced enlargement of the sella
      turcica. These tendencies indicate that o.c. lead to an earlier manifestation of
      clinically latent prolactin-producing tumours. With or without previous o.c., the
      patients showed a low total fertility rate, indicating a notably long, clinically
      undiagnosed period of disease. The accumulated usage of o.c. by the women with
      prolactinomas was not higher than among the total female population of the same
      age in Sweden. Furthermore, patients on o.c. for several years did not show a
      more advanced form of the disease than women who had not taken the pill. Thus,
      the present study provides no support for the hypothesis that o.c. promote the
      growth of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 6839761
TI  - A randomised comparative evaluation of the copper 7, multiload copper 250 and T
      copper-22OC IUDs.
AB  - Two new Cu-IUDs, the TCu-22OC and Multiload Cu250, were evaluated against the Cu7
      in 1,199 subjects in a randomised, multicentric trial using a common study
      protocol. During the 2 years following insertion, cumulative first-segment rates
      for total use-related terminations showed no significant differences between the
      3 devices; however, the Cu7 had a significantly higher termination rate for
      accidental pregnancy compared to the TCu-22OC and its expulsion rate was
      significantly higher than the ML Cu250. The rate of accidental pregnancy was
      higher and the expulsion rate lower with the ML Cu250 compared to the TCu-22OC
      but these differences were not significant. The results are discussed in relation
      to IUD design and their application in family planning.

PMID- 6839763
TI  - Endocrine properties of RMI 12,936, an antiprogestational steroid.
AB  - RMI 12,936 (17 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5-androstene-3-one) exhibited
      postcoital contragestative activity at 10 mg/kg in hamsters. The endocrinological
      profile was determined for this steroid. This antifertility agent had significant
      antiprogestational, antiuterotrophic and gonadotropin-inhibiting activity. RMI
      12,936 also exhibited weak uterotrophic and androgenic properties when given to
      immature gonadectomized rats. Hormonal antagonism and weak estrogen agonist
      properties would appear to contribute to the contragestative activity of RMI
      12,936 in hamsters.

PMID- 6839762
TI  - Corrosion of filamentous intra-uterine copper. The MLCu250 and the MLCu375.
AB  - Although the effective life span of an IUD provided with filamentous copper is,
      calculated on the basis of the rate of dissolution of copper, several years,
      corrosion may lead to breakage of the wire after a shorter period of use. When
      copper wire with a diameter of 0.20 to 0.25 mm is used, the proportion of IUDs
      with broken wires increases with time after three years of use. It was not known
      whether this disadvantage could be reduced or eliminated by the use of a thicker
      wire. In this study the corrosion behaviour was observed in MLCu250 and MLCu375
      devices, which have copper wire with a diameter of 0.30 and 0.40 mm,
      respectively. The earliest breakage was observed after 8 months of use for 0.30
      mm wire and after 9 months of use for 0.40 mm wire. In IUDs with 0.30 mm wire the
      proportion with broken wires increased after 3 years of use. Since examples of
      the MLCu375 with 0.40 mm wire used for more than 3 years were few, it was
      impossible to make definite conclusions in this respect. In general, the
      corrosion behaviour in copper diameter range of 0.3 to 0.4 mm is the same as
      indicated in previous studies for diameter range of 0.2 to 0.25.

PMID- 6839764
TI  - Biocompatibility in hemodialysis. Workshop on biocompatibility in hemodialysis,
      Bernried, March 18-20, 1982.

PMID- 6839765
TI  - Membrane-induced leucopenia.

PMID- 6839766
TI  - Pyrogen and endotoxin reactions during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6839767
TI  - Fever and shock during haemofiltration.

PMID- 6839768
TI  - Silicone storage disease in long-term hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 6839769
TI  - Deposition of an amyloid-like substance as a possible complication of regular
      dialysis treatment.

PMID- 6839770
TI  - Eosinophilia in hemodialysis.

PMID- 6839771
TI  - Leucocyte counts and complement activation during pump-driven and arteriovenous
      haemofiltration.

PMID- 6839772
TI  - Haemodialysis-induced pulmonary leucocyte sequestration in the rabbit.

PMID- 6839773
TI  - Shear-induced formation of aggregates during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6839774
TI  - 22 years of experience with reuse of dialysers.

PMID- 6839775
TI  - A specific immunohaemolytic anaemia induced by formaldehyde sterilisation of
      dialysers.

PMID- 6839776
TI  - Preliminary observations on the laboratory markers of cell-mediated immunity in
      patients transferring from hemodialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.

PMID- 6839777
TI  - Hepatic effects of the leaching of phthalate ester plasticizer and silicon.

PMID- 6839778
TI  - Leucocyte function tests during hemodialysis with different dialysis membranes.

PMID- 6839779
TI  - Pathogenesis of fever during hemodialysis.

PMID- 6839780
TI  - Experimental hepatic necrobacillosis infection in cattle.
AB  - Viable cultures of Fusobacterium necrophorum were inoculated into the hepatic
      portal veins of 7 cattle. The experimentally produced hepatic necrobacillosis
      lesions were described from 30 minutes through 36 hours. The lesions were
      established by 2 different host-bacterial interactions. Most frequent,
      microabscesses were initiated by diffusely distributed bacteria and were observed
      from 30 minutes through 2 hours. Gross abscesses from 3 through 8 hours had
      centrally located abscess cores and were encircled by leukocytes which were
      predominantly neutrophils. Lesions from 12 through 36 hours had abscess cores
      that were encircled by leukocytes which were predominantly macrophages. Less
      frequent, emboli of F. necrophorum initiated infections in hepatic sinusoids or
      telangiectatic lesions. Hepatocytes adjacent to the bacteria exhibited
      coagulation necrosis and few leukocytes were observed in these lesions.

PMID- 6839781
TI  - Infertility in heifers caused by pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium.
AB  - Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (M. bovigenitalium, strain AL) was inoculated by
      insemination during estrous into the uterus or the cervix of 12 heifers. The
      inoculum consisted of a mixture of M. bovigenitalium (strain AL) and diluted
      semen taken from a highly fertile bull free of mycoplasma infection. Mycoplasma
      organisms were recovered 3 days postinoculation (PI) from the vaginal mucous of
      eight of 12 inoculated heifers, and at weekly intervals thereafter until the time
      of necropsy. All inoculated heifers had granular vulvovaginitis; some also had
      mucopurulent vaginal discharges. Six of the 12 infected heifers were inseminated
      more than once, yet none became pregnant. Macroscopic changes observed at
      necropsy in the genital tracts, in addition to granular vulvovaginitis, consisted
      of mucopurulent discharges emananting from the uterus, cervix, and vagina. All
      ovaries had corpora lutea. Mycoplasmas were recovered at necropsy from eight of
      the 12 heifers. Isolations were made from the vaginal wall, cervix, uterus, right
      and left oviducts, and the ovaries. All recovered mycoplasms were identified as
      M. bovigenitalium. It was concluded that M. bovigenitalium (strain AL) can cause
      inflammatory changes and infertility in heifers.

PMID- 6839783
TI  - Lateral vertebral foramina in the bovine vertebral column. An anatomical study of
      their postnatal development and significance.

PMID- 6839782
TI  - Chondrosarcoma in a cow.

PMID- 6839784
TI  - Morphologic and biochemical changes in cartilage of foals treated with
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Epiphyseal and articular cartilages were examined in pony foals treated with
      intramuscular injections of either 0.5 mg dexamethasone per 100 kg bodyweight
      daily for 3, 8 or 11 months, or 5.0 mg per 100 kg for 11 months, and in horse
      foals treated with 5.0 mg per 100 kg for 20 weeks. The proximal femoral growth
      plates exhibited increased spatial separation between chondrocyte columns,
      narrowed zones of disorganized columnar and hypertrophic cartilage, abnormal
      penetration of hypertrophic cartilage by metaphyseal capillaries, retained
      cartilage in the spongiosa, distal terminal plate formation, transverse
      trabeculation, chondronecrosis and metaphyseal osteochondrosis dissecans.
      Destructive articular lesions were observed after 3 months of treatment with 0.5
      mg per 100 kg bodyweight. Joint damage originated either at the joint surface or
      deep within the cartilage. Signs of surface deterioration included edema,
      fibrillation, enlargement of lacunae, pitting, shredding and erosions of
      cartilage. Inactivity of articular cartilage growth centers was common, with
      failure of epiphyseal capillaries to penetrate the lacunae in the calcified
      cartilage. Chondronecrosis adjacent to the calcification front was accompanied by
      cartilage ulceration and fracture. Intracartilaginous cysts and subchondral
      chondroid cysts were also observed. Healing responses included reparative
      chondrogenesis (focal cartilage hyperplasia), formation of fibrous or
      fibrocartilaginous "scars," subchondral osteopetrosis and epiphyseal marrow
      petrosis. Lactate dehydrogenase specific activities per chondrocyte, 35S uptake
      per cell and glycosaminoglycan contents of articular cartilages were all reduced
      55% by 3 months of treatment. This inhibition of articular chondrocyte metabolism
      initiated cartilage degeneration. Surface destruction and osteochondrosis
      dissecans followed continued mechanical stress of compromised cartilage.

PMID- 6839785
TI  - Occurrence of the cattle ear mite (Raillietia auris) in southeastern Kansas.
AB  - Forty-seven cattle from 8 separate herds in southeastern Kansas were examined for
      ear mites (Raillietia auris). Ear mites were directly observed in 12 of the
      animals while 19 others showed signs of infestation consisting of ulceration and
      blockage of the auditory canal by a thick plug of pus. The observed occurrence of
      infestation in 66 percent of the animals examined is higher than expected based
      on previous reports.

PMID- 6839786
TI  - The right ventricle: physiologic and pathophysiologic considerations.
AB  - The right ventricle (RV) is responsible for accepting venous blood and propelling
      it to the lungs where it is oxygenated and its CO2 eliminated. Under normal
      conditions, at rest and during exercise, the pressure required by the RV to
      maintain the cardiac output (CO) is modest. The functional significance of the RV
      in sustaining circulatory homeostasis, therefore, appears to be minimal. However,
      whenever pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is elevated (e.g., left heart
      failure or pulmonary vascular disease) or whenever venous return is reduced
      (e.g., hypovolemia, increased pleural pressure), the necessity of this pulsatile
      pump is without question. As a muscular pump, the thin-walled RV is not unlike
      the left ventricle (LV) except that during diastole it is twice as distensible as
      the LV and during systole its stroke volume is twice as sensitive to the level of
      ejection pressure. However, under conditions of chronic pressure overload, the RV
      will hypertrophy and become capable of generating systemic levels of pressure.
      This is particularly necessary during physical activity in patients with
      pulmonary vascular disease. Thus, the RV is an integral component of the body's
      gas transport system and its contribution to sustaining circulatory homeostasis
      is without question.

PMID- 6839787
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation in experimental airway disruption.
AB  - Anecdotal observations suggest that high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is
      beneficial in major airway disruption. Quantitative evaluation is, however,
      unavailable. In 12 healthy mongrel dogs, a tracheal window of increasing size,
      from 0.5 x 1 cm to 1.5 x 2 cm, was opened. Dogs were supported on volume-cycled
      ventilation (VCV) and on HFJV, using injector cannulas of 1.06 and 1.62 mm
      internal diameter. The tracheal window was then closed and an upper lobectomy
      performed, followed by total pneumonectomy. Arterial blood gases were obtained
      after 10 min in each experimental condition. VCV could maintain life-supporting
      blood gases only with the tracheal window of 0.5 x 1 cm. HFJV, delivered with a
      1.06-mm injector cannula, was adequate with a tracheal window of 1 x 1 cm, or
      after a lobectomy. In all experimental conditions, HFJV delivered with a 1.62-mm
      injector effectively maintained alveolar ventilation and arterial oxygenation.
      Gas transport on HFJV is based, in part, on the principles of jet mixing and
      entrainment; increasingly large tidal volumes can be delivered under conditions
      of low and constant pressure. Air leaks through pathological openings remain
      constant even when tidal volume is increased, so that alveolar ventilation can be
      adequately maintained.

PMID- 6839788
TI  - Laryngotracheal injury due to endotracheal intubation: incidence, evolution, and
      predisposing factors. A prospective long-term study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, evolution and long-term
      effects of laryngotracheal lesions due to endotracheal intubation and to evaluate
      the import of factors in the genesis of laryngotracheal injury. Over a 12-month
      period, we performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBS) in 19 critically ill patients
      with endotracheal intubation. Early laryngeal lesions, mainly true vocal cord
      granulomas and ulceration, appeared in 12 (63%) patients and were resolved by the
      3rd month in all but 3 patients. In 6 (31%) patients, early tracheal lesions
      appeared in the form of ring-shaped tracheitis at the cuff level and granulomas
      at the tube-tip level; in 2 (10%) patients, an established tracheal stenosis
      developed and early detected ring-shaped tracheitis preceded circumferential
      fibrous stenosis. Severe respiratory failure, high cuff pressure, and secretion
      infection showed a statistical correlation to tracheal injury.

PMID- 6839789
TI  - Protective effects of beta blockade on pulmonary function when intracranial
      pressure is elevated.
AB  - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased by hyperosmolar intracerebral infusion
      in dogs and the cardiopulmonary and catecholamine (CA) responses followed for 4
      h. Increased ICP evoked persistent increases in endogenous CAs, pulmonary
      vascular pressures, pulmonary blood volume, and venous admixture. Other dogs
      similarly monitored were treated with a beta-blocking dose of propranolol 25 min
      after the onset of increased ICP. Although catecholamines were increased,
      elevated pulmonary pressures and venous admixture returned to control levels. CO
      and heart rate (HR) were reduced after beta blockade but systemic vascular
      resistance increased. It was concluded that increased ICP induces sustained
      increases in CAs which adversely affect pulmonary pressures and shunting.
      Selective beta blockade reverses these effects and may be useful in patients with
      evidence of sympathetic overactivity and progressive hypoxemia after head injury.

PMID- 6839790
TI  - Society of Critical Care Medicine Critical Care Self-Assessment Program III.
AB  - Critical Care Medicine encompasses an extremely broad scope. Examination
      questions were, therefore, chosen to cover a wide variety of critical care
      topics. A near Gaussian distribution of scores was found for all physician groups
      studied. We believe the low mean score of 15% reflects the general difficulty of
      the examination as well as the tendency of many critical care practitioners to
      master knowledge poorly outside his or her primary specialty. Hopefully, this
      examination with rationales and references will expose the practitioner to topics
      and literature with which he or she has not been previously familiar. Only by
      integrating knowledge from each of the primary specialities can the practitioner
      provide optimal care for the critically ill. It is our hope that this examination
      represents a positive learning experience for its past and future participants.
      If we have stimulated thought, discussion, and further study in the area of
      critical care medicine, then our efforts in the preparation of this program have
      been worthwhile.

PMID- 6839791
TI  - The evaluation and management of electrical injuries.
AB  - It is essential for the critical care physician to understand the ramifications
      of electrical injuries, as these patients are frequently seen in the ICU. Being
      able to anticipate possible complications may be ultimately life-preserving. A
      collaborative effort between the surgeon, critical care physician, and ICU staff
      ensures premium care for this injured patient. Educational efforts for the public
      regarding precautions in the avoidance of electrical and lightning injuries will
      help prevent many of these accidents.

PMID- 6839792
TI  - The ventilatory dilemma of coexisting diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia,
      and tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 6839793
TI  - Arterial air embolism after penetrating lung injury.
AB  - We present a case of cerebral air embolism after a gunshot wound to the lung,
      combined with mechanical ventilation. Hyperbaric and pharmacologic therapy
      resulted in complete recovery. The discussion focuses on hyperbaric therapy as
      the mainstay of treatment, the importance of prophylactic measures, and prompt
      diagnosis.

PMID- 6839794
TI  - "Terminal weaning"; discontinuance of life-support therapy in the terminally ill
      patient.

PMID- 6839795
TI  - Difficulties in measuring esophageal pressure.

PMID- 6839796
TI  - Phrenic nerve palsy secondary to pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 6839797
TI  - A study of sulindac versus ibuprofen in elderly patients with osteoarthritis.
AB  - A study was carried out in 30 elderly patients, aged between 65 and 89 years,
      with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee joints to assess the efficacy and
      tolerance of sulindac compared with ibuprofen. Patients were allocated at random
      to receive either 200 mg sulindac twice daily or 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily
      for 12 weeks. The results showed that whilst both drugs produced improvement in
      the patient symptoms assessed, the only improvements reaching a statistically
      significant level were those for weight-bearing pain, pain on passive movement of
      the left lower limb joints and disease activity in the sulindac group. Both drugs
      were well tolerated and few side-effects were reported. However, 1 patient in the
      sulindac group had haematemesis and melaena (Week 1) and 1 in the ibuprofen group
      developed a rash (Week 9) and had to be withdrawn.

PMID- 6839798
TI  - Treatment of hyperprolactinaemia with metergoline for periods up to 5 years:
      clinical and biological tolerability.
AB  - Forty patients with hyperprolactinaemia were treated with metergoline (8 to 12
      mg/day) for periods up to 5 years. Analysis of the results of clinical and
      biological tolerability showed that treatment was generally well tolerated and
      although 28 patients complained of drug-related side-effects of various kinds,
      principally nausea, these were usually mild, present at the beginning of
      treatment and disappeared spontaneously in spite of continued metergoline
      administration over a prolonged period. No patient stopped treatment because of
      side-effects. Laboratory parameters also stayed within normal levels and there
      was no evidence of any alterations in the ECG. It is concluded, therefore, that
      metergoline is a well-tolerated as well as an effective ergolinic compound for
      use in those patients in whom prolonged treatment with a prolactin-lowering drug
      is considered necessary.

PMID- 6839799
TI  - Reduced faecal blood loss in patients receiving choline magnesium trisalicylate
      ('Trilisate') when compared with aspirin.
AB  - A study was carried out in 16 healthy male volunteers to compare the effects on
      faecal blood loss of comparable daily doses of choline magnesium trisalicylate (3
      g) and acetylsalicylic acid (2.4 g) given over a period of 7 days. Faecal blood
      loss was measured by 51Cr labelling of red cells. Haematological parameters were
      also monitored. Faecal blood loss and the reduction in haemoglobin levels were
      significantly less in the choline magnesium trisalicylate group than in the
      acetylsalicylic acid group. No significant differences were detected in the
      partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time or bleeding time in either group.

PMID- 6839801
TI  - Genome function, cell interactions, and differentiation.

PMID- 6839802
TI  - Conversations on allergy and immunology. Gypsy moth caterpillar dermatitis.

PMID- 6839803
TI  - Alopecia. I. Alopecia areata.

PMID- 6839800
TI  - Elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL) and reduction of the
      total cholesterol/cHDL index in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias IIb and
      IV with bezafibrate.
AB  - A study was carried out in 21 patients with Type IIb or Type IV
      hyperlipoproteinaemia to evaluate the effect of treatment with 600 mg bezafibrate
      per day over a period of 3 months. The results of the lipid parameters studied
      showed that there were significant reductions after 1 and 3-months' treatment,
      respectively, of 19% and 16% total cholesterol, 55% and 57% triglycerides, 19%
      and 15% calculated cLDL, and 55% and 58% calculated cVLDL. Over the same times,
      there was a significant increase in cHDL of 35% and 41%, respectively. The
      cT/cHDL index decreased significantly from a mean basal value of 7.81 +/- 1.44 to
      4.76 +/- 0.96 after 1 month and to 4.75 +/- 0.90 after 3 months, corresponding to
      a 39% reduction in both instances. This index was reduced to 5.0 or less in 76%
      of the patients. At the end of the trial there was normalization of
      hyperlipoproteinaemia in 17 (81%) of the 21 patients. Tolerance of bezafibrate
      was satisfactory. Only 2 patients suffered mild abdominal pain, which disappeared
      within a few days. One patient presented slight, transitory neutropenia at the
      end of the 3 months of treatment.

PMID- 6839804
TI  - Concurrence of erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum.

PMID- 6839805
TI  - Sturge-Weber syndrome.

PMID- 6839806
TI  - Amyloidosis of the nipple presenting as pruritus.

PMID- 6839807
TI  - Ultrastructure of skin in erythema nodosum leprosum.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes observed in erythema nodosum leprosum lesions were
      gross damage to blood vessels, particularly the endothelial cells, and deposition
      of immune complexes in vessel walls. Infiltrating cells and alteration of the
      ground substance formed a constant feature of the reaction. These changes are
      characteristic of an immune complex reaction.

PMID- 6839808
TI  - Stimulatory protein kinase modulator, the cation binding protein and megamodulin.
      1. The binding cations in equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 6839809
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of surface spread polytene chromosomes.

PMID- 6839810
TI  - Improving patients with advanced chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 6839811
TI  - The optimal approach to identifying the cause of lower respiratory tract
      infection. A resolvable controversy.

PMID- 6839812
TI  - Colloid osmotic pressure and the neonate.

PMID- 6839813
TI  - A descriptive analysis of the growth and decline of the FVC and FEV1.
AB  - Using data obtained during the first four complete surveys of a general
      population sample (2,435 spirometric studies on 916 different asymptomatic
      nonsmoking subjects), we have derived mathematically continuous equations
      designed to describe the stages of growth, maturation, and subsequent decline in
      the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the forced vital capacity
      (FVC). With this type of analysis, there appears to be a period from late
      childhood through adolescence in which maturation significantly increases FVC and
      FEV1 independent of growth, and a stage from late adolescence to the early or mid
      30s in which there is relatively little change in these measurements. Progressive
      decline in FVC and FEV1 may not actually begin until the mid-30s. The
      mathematical formulae presented here were derived in a manner intended to
      describe biologic events and are not intended for use as prediction equations.
      The FEV1/FVC ratio appeared to be primarily a function of the FVC itself in young
      subjects. After the age of 33 years, FEV1/FVC also decreased with age,
      independent of the size of the FVC.

PMID- 6839814
TI  - Peripheral airways obstruction in idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension
      (primary).
AB  - The mechanical properties of the lung were studied in ten nonsmokers with
      idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH) (mean pulmonary artery pressure
      65.7 +/- 30 mm Hg). In the routine lung test, residual volume was found to be
      abnormal (greater than 120 percent of the predicted) in seven patients, and
      measured airway resistance was normal in eight out of the ten patients. A
      decreased FEF 75-85 percent, abnormal values for the helium-air flow ratios and
      increased closing capacities were documented in eight of ten patients in whom
      lung elastic recoil was normal (six of ten) or increased (four of ten). These
      features suggest peripheral airways obstruction (PAO) which was also supported by
      histopathologic findings in three cases (one biopsy and two necropsies). The
      observed changes in lung compliance could be related to the behavior of the
      coupling of the air-space and vascular compartments. The etiology of PAO in IPAH
      patients is not known, but our results indicate that both the peripheral airways
      and the pulmonary circulation are affected. The knowledge of PAO in IPAH patients
      could help to better understand the observed V/Q inequality in this entity.

PMID- 6839815
TI  - Unimodal distribution of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in a
      random human population.
AB  - The population distribution of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine was
      examined in 300 randomly selected caucasian college students (aged 20 to 29
      years). Bronchial responsiveness was measured as the histamine threshold, defined
      as the concentration producing an FEV1 fall greater than 2 SD below the mean of
      five prehistamine FEV1 measurements. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 9.3
      percent, including 2.7 percent with current asthma, 3.3 percent with asthma
      following allergen exposure only, and 3.3 percent with remote asthma. Allergic
      rhinitis was present in 10.7 percent; nonallergic rhinitis in 16.3 percent; 63.7
      percent had neither asthma nor rhinitis. Histamine threshold ranged from
      unmeasurable (greater than 8 mg/ml) in 36 percent to 0.125 mg/ml in 0.3 percent.
      The distribution of histamine threshold values in the responsive range was
      unimodal, the asthmatic subjects representing a subgroup within the
      hyperresponsive distribution tail rather than a separate distribution peak.
      Examination of the FEV1 response to 8 mg/ml showed a range between 2.8 SD
      increase and 100 SD reduction; the population distribution of this variable was
      unimodal and log normal. We concluded that there is a continuous unimodal log
      normal distribution of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in a random
      human population. Rather than representing a separate (bimodal) peak or a sharp
      cutoff (of a unimodal tail), the asthmatic subjects show substantial overlap with
      the remainder of the population.

PMID- 6839817
TI  - The acquired nonprecordial peripheral pulmonary murmur of pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Two patients had noninvasive and invasive findings consistent with massive
      pulmonary emboli. Both patients had an acquired nonprecordial peripheral
      pulmonary murmur on physical examination. One patient also demonstrated a wide,
      fixed-split second heart sound in addition to the acquired murmur. Both of these
      physical findings have rarely been reported; however, when present, both the
      acquired nonprecordial murmur and the widely split second heart sound seem to be
      associated with extensive and massive pulmonary embolism and, when occurring
      together, are almost pathognomonic for pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 6839816
TI  - Symptoms and experiences in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
AB  - A heterogeneous group of 146 patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema were
      asked to rate the frequency with which 89 symptoms and experiences occurred
      during their breathing difficulties. Normative values and the reported frequency
      of occurrence for the 11 symptom categories are presented. As expected, symptoms
      of dyspnea were the most frequently reported during breathing difficulties. In
      decreasing order, symptoms of dyspnea were followed by symptoms of fatigue, sleep
      disturbance, congestion, irritability, anxiety, decathexis, helplessness
      hopelessness, poor memory, alienation. Separation of the patients into subgroups
      revealed that women reported more anxiety and helplessness-hopelessness than men.
      Younger patients reported more irritability and anxiety than older patients.
      Patients with mixed disease reported more dyspnea than those with chronic
      bronchitis or emphysema, although patients with emphysema reported more loss of
      interest in life than patients with chronic bronchitis. Self-ratings of
      functional incapacitation were clearly related to the symptom reports.
      Relationships among the symptom categories were discussed, as was the potential
      usefulness of symptom patterns in exploring coping styles in respiratory disease.

PMID- 6839818
TI  - Echocardiographic quantitation of pericardial effusion.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test the validity of M-mode echocardiographic
      quantitation of pericardial effusion. M-mode estimate of the volume of
      pericardial effusion in 27 patients was compared with the actual volume of
      pericardial effusion removed during surgical pericardial drainage. The 16 two
      dimensional echocardiographic studies in patients with small, moderate, and large
      pericardial effusions were reviewed to examine the distribution of pericardial
      fluid around the heart. Although there was good correlation between the
      echocardiographic estimate and the actual volume removed during surgery (r =
      0.78), significant overestimation and underestimation were noted. Our findings
      suggest that the errors in the estimate could be attributed in part to
      difficulties in precise measurement of the epicardial and pericardial landmarks
      and in part to nonuniform distribution of pericardial fluid around the heart.

PMID- 6839819
TI  - Noninvasive tracking of peripheral resistance by ear densitography.
AB  - Owing to the interaction between the left ventricle and the arterial system,
      pulse contour during ejection is significantly affected by changes in peripheral
      resistance. Quantitative description of the pulse configuration as a function of
      peripheral resistance involves invasive investigation of complex frequency and
      impedance spectra. The ear densitogram noninvasively yields a pulse wave shown to
      closely track changes in the central arterial pulse; in this investigation, its
      decreasing systolic slope responded to changes in the peripheral resistance like
      those in the central pulse and in arterial models. The decreasing slope of the
      ear densitogram pulse (RNAD) can reliably track changes in peripheral resistance.

PMID- 6839820
TI  - Colloid osmotic pressure in infants with hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was measured serially in 81 critically ill
      neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) during the first five days of life,
      and these changes were correlated with the birth weight, gestational age, serum
      protein level, clinical status, and outcome. Colloid osmotic pressure correlated
      better with the total protein level (n = 81; r = 0.54) than with birth weight (r
      = 0.23) and gestational age (r = 0.31; n = 81). Seventy-one of 81 neonates
      survived. Among the survivors, COP increased significantly by day 5, whereas
      changes in the total protein level were not significant during the same period.
      Colloid osmotic pressure decreased significantly in nine of ten nonsurvivors
      (mean +/- SE, 11 +/- 0.5 to 8 +/- 0.55 mm Hg), whereas the total protein level
      did not show a similar change. Thus, COP cannot be accurately predicted by
      measuring serum protein during acute illness. Serial measurement of COP was a
      better prognostic indicator than the total protein level in infants with HMD.

PMID- 6839821
TI  - Human exposure to heavy metals. Rare earth pneumoconiosis in occupational
      workers.
AB  - A male subject exposed for many years to rare earth (RE)-containing fumes and
      dusts emitted from carbon arc lamps in photoengraving laboratories was
      investigated to rule out RE pneumoconiosis. While chest x-ray films showed a
      severe pulmonary fibrosis, clinical analysis showed obvious high RE
      concentrations in the pulmonary and lymph node biopsy specimens compared with the
      corresponding tissues of 11 unexposed subjects. In addition to other elements,
      levels of thorium (Th), which is generally present as an impurity of RE
      compounds, were also determined to estimate the radiation dose which may be
      involved in inducing pneumoconiosis. The results show that the levels of Th are
      more than two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible
      concentration for occupational exposure to natural 232Th, suggesting that the
      long-term accumulation of RE in the lungs played a role in the pathogenesis of
      the observed pulmonary fibrosis of the worker.

PMID- 6839822
TI  - Body positional effect on gas exchange in unilateral pleural effusion.
AB  - The positional effect on gas exchange was studied in eight patients who had
      unilateral pleural fluid without clinical or radiologic evidence of parenchymal
      lung disease. In all eight patients, PaO2 values were higher when the lung with
      the pleural fluid was uppermost. The mean PaO2 in this position was 71.9 +/- 9.3
      mm Hg (mean +/- SE) compared with 66.7 +/- 8.7 mm Hg in the lateral decubitus
      position with the pleural fluid lowermost. The mean difference in PaO2 between
      the two positions was 5.1 +/- mm Hg (p less than 0.005). Larger positional
      differences were found in the patients with the smallest pleural effusions. These
      results are probably due to perfusion of areas of unventilated lung, accentuated
      by gravity with a consequent increase in shunting. A large effusion also causes a
      decrease in perfusion, so that ventilation-perfusion mismatching is decreased and
      the positional effect on gas exchange diminished.

PMID- 6839824
TI  - Midline lucency following median sternotomy.

PMID- 6839823
TI  - Beneficial metabolic effect of nucleoside augmentation on reperfusion injury
      following cardioplegic arrest.
AB  - Restoration of coronary flow after hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest (HCA) is
      associated with a unique metabolic reperfusion injury (RI) manifested by
      declining nucleotide stores despite their end-ischemic preservation. Prevention
      of this RI by exogenous provision of adenosine with or without inhibition of
      adenosine's major catabolic enzyme was assessed in 27 dogs subjected to 60
      minutes of HCA. The effect of aortic root infusion of 40 mg/kg of adenosine in
      addition to adenosine deaminase inhibition by 10 mg/kg of EHNA (group 2)
      initiated during 60 minutes of reperfusion on myocardial adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) stores and coronary blood flow (CBF) were
      compared to animals having adenosine infusion alone (group 3) or controls (group
      1). Although ATP levels were preserved at the end of HCA in all groups, adenosine
      infusion with or without EHNA prevented the significant 23 percent decline in ATP
      stores incurred during unmodified reperfusion (p less than 0.01, group 1). The CP
      stores decreased (p less than 0.05, all groups) during arrest, but were restored
      to preischemic levels during reperfusion. When measured 60 minutes after aortic
      unclamping, CBF was 312 percent of preischemic flow in group 3 (p less than
      0.01), only 170 percent in group 2 (p less than 0.05), and unchanged in controls
      (group 1). The data indicate that provision of adenosine as a nucleotide
      precursor prevents the metabolic RI following HCA. In addition, inhibition of
      adenosine catabolism is not necessary for this salutary effect, nor is
      adenosine's efficacy solely mediated by augmentation of CBF.

PMID- 6839825
TI  - Apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis,
      and progressive massive fibrosis of the lung.
AB  - We have reviewed the accumulated evidence for the explanation of the apical
      localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, and
      massive fibrosis of the lung due to silicosis and coal-workers pneumoconiosis.
      The effect of gravity on the erect human lung results in greatly diminished
      pulmonary artery blood flow in the apical and subapical areas. This in turn
      results in higher oxygen tensions but also impairment of tissue clearance
      mechanisms in these areas. Analysis of the accumulated evidence better supports
      the theory of lymph stasis and impaired clearance of antigenic substances as the
      major determinant of the apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis rather
      than the presently favored oxygen tension theory. The impaired clearance theory
      also best explains the apical localization of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis
      and progressive massive fibrosis of the lung.

PMID- 6839827
TI  - Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and outflow obstruction after mitral
      valve reconstruction.

PMID- 6839828
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of right cervical aortic arch.
AB  - A two-year old asymptomatic boy presented with a systolic right supraclavicular
      thrill. Two-D echography revealed a pulsating loop of tubular echo-free space at
      this site. Barium esophagogram showed a large curved retroesophageal impression.
      A noninvasive diagnosis of right cervical aortic arch with left descending aorta
      can be made on the basis of this combination of findings.

PMID- 6839826
TI  - Rapid atrial fibrillation with left bundle branch block pattern in a patient with
      Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 6839830
TI  - Positional dyspnea and oxygen desaturation related to carcinoma of the lung. Up
      with the good lung.
AB  - Body position can lead to respiratory symptoms and affect gas exchange in disease
      states. We describe a patient with carcinoma of the left lung in whom dyspnea and
      oxygen desaturation developed in the right lateral position only. Fiberoptic
      bronchoscopic study demonstrated a tumor mass protruding into the left main-stem
      bronchus, which caused further narrowing when the patient turned on his right
      side.

PMID- 6839829
TI  - Effect of mitral regurgitation on the murmur of pulmonic regurgitation.
AB  - We evaluated auscultatory findings in a 67-year-old man with acquired pulmonic
      and mitral regurgitation. During inspiration, the murmur of pulmonic
      regurgitation decreased in intensity prior to surgery, but increased in intensity
      after mitral valve replacement. Inspiration reduces the volume of mitral
      regurgitation, thereby reducing the volume and murmur of pulmonic regurgitation.

PMID- 6839831
TI  - Pulmonary function in paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). An
      analysis of the obstructive defect.
AB  - Comparison of the mean results of routine pulmonary function studies of 17
      patients with diffuse pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis (PM) and manifestations of
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to those of 17 matched patients with
      pure COPD showed no significant differences. These findings were interpreted as
      fresh evidence suggesting that expiratory obstruction in PM may be secondary to
      underlying COPD. Other evidence to that effect is discussed.

PMID- 6839832
TI  - Bronchocentric granulomatosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman with biopsy-proved bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG) had
      repeated exacerbations of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis of the
      skin concurrent with BCG. To our knowledge, there have been no prior reports of
      this form of systemic involvement in BCG. While its pathogenesis remains obscure,
      this case, along with another recent report of eye involvement, suggests that BCG
      is part of a widespread immunologic response and is not a distinct entity.

PMID- 6839833
TI  - Clinical presentation: a critical factor in ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 6839834
TI  - Calcium homeostasis in asthma.

PMID- 6839835
TI  - Concealed ventricular parasystole exposed by abrupt cessation of pacing.

PMID- 6839836
TI  - Intrapleural tetracycline for recurrent pneumothorax.

PMID- 6839837
TI  - Localization of emphysema within the lung.

PMID- 6839838
TI  - 25th Aspen Lung Conference: Lung defense, injury and repair.

PMID- 6839839
TI  - Lung defense. The paradox of inflammation.

PMID- 6839840
TI  - Platelet-activating factor causes neutrophil accumulation and edema in rabbit
      lungs.

PMID- 6839841
TI  - Leukocytes in lung injury.

PMID- 6839842
TI  - Neutrophil depletion does not prevent oxygen-induced lung injury in rabbits.

PMID- 6839844
TI  - Hyperoxia injuries endothelial cells in culture and causes increased neutrophil
      adherence.

PMID- 6839843
TI  - Role of blood components in mediating lung vascular injury after pulmonary
      vascular thrombosis.

PMID- 6839846
TI  - Tissue levels of vitamin E in the lung and the cellular response to injury
      resulting from oxidant gas exposure.

PMID- 6839847
TI  - Changes in O2 toxicity and glutathione peroxidase levels in selenium deficient
      rats.

PMID- 6839845
TI  - Pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstration of early
      parameters of alveolitis.

PMID- 6839848
TI  - Pulmonary arterial wall injury and remodelling by hyperoxia.

PMID- 6839849
TI  - Alveolar injury by oxygen metabolites alters the composition of extracellular
      matrix.

PMID- 6839850
TI  - Acute and progressive lung injury secondary to toxic oxygen products from
      leukocytes.

PMID- 6839852
TI  - Nitrofurantoin. Potential direct and indirect mechanisms of lung injury.

PMID- 6839853
TI  - The role of tissue repair and leukocytes in the pathogenesis of emphysema.

PMID- 6839851
TI  - Importance of oxygen free radicals in asbestos-induced injury to airway
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 6839854
TI  - Platelet-induced pulmonary hypertension and edema. A mechanism involving acetyl
      glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and thromboxane A2.

PMID- 6839857
TI  - Leukotriene C4 and D4 increase pulmonary vascular permeability in excised rabbit
      lungs.

PMID- 6839855
TI  - Genetic control of experimental murine hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 6839856
TI  - Quantitation and characterization of leukotriene products released following
      immunologic stimulation of human lung cells in vitro.

PMID- 6839858
TI  - A murine model of asbestosis.

PMID- 6839859
TI  - Lipoprotein profiles in sheep plasma and lung lymph.

PMID- 6839860
TI  - Role of fibronectin in fibrotic lung disease. A growth factor for human lung
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 6839861
TI  - The myofibroblast in pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 6839862
TI  - Pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Connective tissue changes during injury and repair.

PMID- 6839866
TI  - Working together to treat adolescent abuse.

PMID- 6839864
TI  - The pneumococcus and the mouse protection test: importance of the lag phase in
      vivo.
AB  - During development of a mouse protection test with a pneumococcus type 3 we noted
      the importance of the immediate post-challenge lag phase of the bacteria in vivo
      for the effective timing of treatment with different antibiotics. The lag phase,
      lasting 6-8 h after intraperitoneal challenge and parallel in peritoneum and
      blood, was reproducible with the same and three other strains of pneumococcus
      type 3. Penicillin administration during the lag phase had no effect upon
      survival of the mice, while a significantly improved effect was obtained after
      treating the mice with penicillin during the bacterial growth phase. In contrast,
      treatment with gentamicin or erythromycin during the bacterial lag phase was
      significantly more effective than administration of either drug after initiation
      of growth of the pneumococcus.

PMID- 6839865
TI  - In vitro activity of cefoxitin, alone and in combination with aminoglycoside or
      other beta-lactam antibiotics against common gram-negative pathogens.
AB  - We examined 160 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for
      susceptibility to cefoxitin, aminoglycosides, and other beta-lactam antibiotics,
      alone and in combination. The aminoglycosides were the most effective agents
      tested, but, except for some strains, cefoxitin inhibited all organisms at a 90%
      minimal inhibitory concentration of 25 micrograms or less per ml. We observed a
      relatively high incidence of antagonism or nonsynergy when cefoxitin was tested
      in combination with other agents against 33 gentamicin-susceptible gram-negative
      bacilli. No synergy was observed when various combinations with cefoxitin were
      tested against three strains of cephalothin-resistant, carbenicillin-resistant
      Enterobacteriaceae of varying gentamicin susceptibility.

PMID- 6839863
TI  - In vitro activity of augmentin against pathogenic bacteria and its comparison
      with other antibiotics.
AB  - 190 isolates from clinical specimens were tested in vitro to determine their
      susceptibility pattern against augmentin. Of the 132 strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae tested, 109 (82.6%) were susceptible. 41 (93.2%) of the 44
      gram-positive bacteria tested were also susceptible to augmentin. Strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens were resistant to augmentin.
      However, augmentin showed increased activity against Escherichia coli, and
      Staphylococcus aureus when compared with ampicillin.

PMID- 6839867
TI  - NICHD: 20 years of progress in child health research.

PMID- 6839868
TI  - Neuropsychological functioning in children with shunted uncomplicated
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - A neuropsychological battery was given to a CT-defined group of children shunted
      for uncomplicated hydrocephalus with estimated normal range IQs. When no other
      brain anomalies were present, verbal IQ estimates were inferior to age and sex
      matched controls, but still in the normal range. In the presence of average
      academic performance and normal range IQ, impairment of neuropsychological
      functioning in verbal and nonverbal memory, fine motor speed, and visuospatial
      problem solving was observed. Successful neurosurgical management of
      hydrocephalus is not necessarily equated with achieving normal neuropsychological
      functioning.

PMID- 6839869
TI  - Giant arteriovenous aneurysm of the posterior fossa in a three-month-old infant.
AB  - A 3-month-old female infant presented a 20-day history of drowsiness and maturing
      deterioration. The neurological exam showed peripheric facial palsy on the right
      side and a brachiocrural hemiparesis on the left. A brain scan revealed a lesion
      of avascular content in the posterior fossa. The computed tomography scan showed
      hydrocephalus and a high-density lesion, nonenhanced after introduction of the
      contrast agent, compatible with a clot at posterior fossa level. Likewise, after
      contrast new images appeared which had not been seen previously, considered as
      afferent and efferent vascular elements to the lesion. The cerebral angiography
      showed an avascular lesion in the cerebellar vermis with important hypertrophy of
      arterial and venous elements, although no steal phenomena of neighbouring areas
      was evident. These findings, and the absence of cardiac failure, suggested the
      diagnosis, confirmed by surgery, of giant clotted arteriovenous malformation. The
      patient has done well postoperatively.

PMID- 6839870
TI  - Epidural hematomas of the posterior fossa in children.
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa in
      children. The clinical signs and symptoms are discussed. Onset of symptoms is not
      necessarily acute. The radiological findings are discussed. Epidural hematomas of
      the posterior fossa in children have a tendency to liquefy earlier than
      supratentorial hematomas. We emphasize the value of computed tomography for the
      diagnosis of epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa. One should keep in mind
      the possibility of the presence of an epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa in
      the treatment of head injury in children, even in the case of a minor head
      injury.

PMID- 6839873
TI  - [An immunohistochemical study on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the human
      liver. II. A study of membranous HBsAg].

PMID- 6839872
TI  - [Studies on the clinical significance of the determination of serum anti-HBc
      IgM].

PMID- 6839874
TI  - [Clinical and pathological studies of 53 cases of liver diseases].

PMID- 6839871
TI  - Cystic cerebral astrocytomas in infancy and childhood: long-term results.
AB  - 24 cases of cystic cerebral astrocytoma represent 11% of 217 supratentorial
      tumors of the pediatric age group operated. Both macro- and microscopically, such
      tumors resembled in most cases the well-known cerebellar astrocytoma, presenting
      as a large cyst with a mural nodule with the pattern of a pilocytic astrocytoma
      (i.e. spongioblastoma of the German school). The preferential site of incidence
      was the temporal lobe and the age peaks were of 7 and 16 years without sex
      prevalence. The surgical technique consisted in the extirpation of the mural
      nodule, preceded by emptying the cyst, followed by opening the contiguous
      ventricular wall. The extirpation was partial in one-third of the cases of whom
      the minority underwent radiotherapy. 1 patient died after the operation while 2
      others died from tumor recurrence after 3 and 4 years, respectively, both being
      mixed tumors (oligoastrocytoma) that were irradiated postoperatively. The follow
      up ranged from 10 to 29 years in 70% of the cases. The long-term functional
      results of the available 17 patients are as follows: good (perfectly well), 12
      cases (70%); fair (minor troubles), 5 cases (30%). 3 of the 5 cases with a fair
      result all had a partial resection.

PMID- 6839875
TI  - [The etiological classification and clinical analysis of acute icteric hepatitis
      in adults].

PMID- 6839876
TI  - [The detection of liver cell membrane antibody in viral hepatitis].

PMID- 6839878
TI  - [The ultrastructural pathology of chronic active hepatitis (CAH)].

PMID- 6839877
TI  - [A preliminary study of circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 6839879
TI  - [Treatment of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 6839880
TI  - Long-term storage of samples for flow cytometric DNA analysis.
AB  - A simple procedure for long-term storage of cells for flow cytometric DNA
      analysis was developed and tested. The cells were stored as single cells or fine
      needle aspirates suspended in a citrate buffer with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or
      as small blocks of tissue from solid tumors. The cells were stored for up to one
      year by freezing at -80 degrees C. Statistical analysis of the results showed no
      change in the fractions of cells in the cell cycle phases as determined by
      deconvolution of the DNA-histograms. It was found that in addition to the
      intrinsic sample variation from the parameter estimation by deconvolution, there
      was significant intraday and interday variation. Hence the most accurate results
      are obtained if different aliquots of a sample are measured on different days
      rather than on the same day. Use of the storage method thus has the potential of
      increasing the accuracy of the analysis. The storage method makes sample
      collection independent of immediate subsequent analysis. This has enabled us to
      perform large internally controlled experiments, involving more samples than can
      be analyzed in one day, to examine tumor samples from different hospitals and to
      utilize fully the capacity of our flow cytometer. The method was a prerequisite
      for developing an accurate standardization procedure for DNA content
      determination.

PMID- 6839881
TI  - Standardization of high-resolution flow cytometric DNA analysis by the
      simultaneous use of chicken and trout red blood cells as internal reference
      standards.
AB  - Determination of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry requires comparison with a
      reference standard. The use of external standards such as lymphocytes or
      granulocytes is time-consuming and inaccurate. Chicken red blood cells (CRBC)
      have a DNA content of 35% of the human diploid value and have been widely used as
      internal standard. The ratio calculated on the basis of the peak channel numbers
      of the standard and the sample and used to indicate the DNA content (DNA ratio)
      is, however, very sensitive to changes in the zero level adjustment of the flow
      cytometer. If two internal standards are used the DNA ratio becomes independent
      of the zero level. Rainbow trout red blood cells (TRBC) have a DNA content of 80%
      of human diploid cells. A mixture of CRBC and TRBC was prepared and stored in
      small aliquots at -80 degrees C. This mixture was added to the sample before
      staining. The day-to-day variation of the DNA ratio obtained by use of the two
      standards was smaller than that obtained by CRBC alone. The possibility of sex
      related differences in DNA content of CRBC and TRBC was examined. The results
      indicated that a new batch of standards should be tested against the old batch to
      avoid the introduction of a systematic error.

PMID- 6839882
TI  - The significance of DNA measurements for the early detection of bronchial cell
      atypia.
AB  - Investigations in an experimental model system and in clinical material indicate
      that squamous bronchial carcinoma is regularly preceded by the occurrence of
      bronchial cells with DNA values exceeding significantly the normal 4c region. The
      studies also show that cytomorphological methods do not allow the discrimination
      between milder forms of atypia and nonspecific cellular alterations. We describe
      a combined cytomorphological and cytochemical diagnostic procedure which
      facilitates the distinction between atypical squamous cells and nonspecific
      cellular changes in the bronchial tree.

PMID- 6839883
TI  - Distinction between 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeled and unlabeled mitotic cells by
      flow cytometry.
AB  - Exponentially growing Friend leukemia cells are exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdUrd) for the time period equivalent to one generation. After fixation and
      incubation with RNase, DNA in situ is partially denatured by acid and the cells
      are stained with acridine orange (AO). Staining with AO under these conditions
      reveals the extent of denatured versus double stranded DNA and enables one to
      distinguish mitotic from interphase cells. It is observed that all BrdUrd treated
      cells, regardless of cell cycle phase, have decreased both green and red
      fluorescence. This finding suggests that BrdUrd interacts with AO not only in the
      complexes of the dye with double stranded DNA, but also with the single stranded
      biopolymer. The BrdUrd-attributed suppression of cell fluorescence is large
      enough to separate totally BrdUrd labeled from unlabeled mitotic populations. The
      combination of these two flow cytometric techniques, one which allows
      discrimination between interphase and metaphase cells and the other which allows
      further subdivision of metaphase cells into those which have incorporated BrdUrd
      and those which have not, provides an alternative to the autoradiographic
      procedure necessary for obtaining the fraction of labeled mitoses.

PMID- 6839884
TI  - Characterization of the uptake and toxicity of a fluorescent thiol reagent.
AB  - 3-(4-Maleimidylphenyl)-4-methyl-7-diethylamino coumarin (CPM), is a fluorescent
      thiol-binding agent. CPM is nontoxic to Chinese hamster V-79 cells (2 x 10(5)
      cells/ milliliter) exposed to 2.5 micrograms/milliliter for 30 minutes. However,
      both toxicity and cellular binding were directly dependent on the drug:cell
      ratio. Using flow cytometry, cellular binding of CPM correlated with inhibition
      of DNA synthesis. In cells pretreated with the thiol binding drugs N
      ethylmaleimide, diamide and diethylmaleate or the carcinogens 4-nitroquinoline-1
      oxide and AF-2 (furylfuramide), the subsequent binding of CPM was reduced by 40%
      or more.

PMID- 6839885
TI  - Optimization of mammalian chromosome suspension preparations employed in a flow
      cytometric analysis.
AB  - Metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster V-79 cells have been stained with
      propidium iodide and their DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. The
      chromosomes in suspension must be stabilized during the preparation to preserve
      their morphological integrity. In order to obtain high resolution in the flow
      karyotype, several modifications were made to the method used to prepare
      chromosome suspensions. The influence of several ions, detergents and detergent
      mixtures was investigated. Magnesium (3-5 mM) together with sodium (10 mM), Tris
      (10 mM) and Triton X-100 (0.4%) gave the best results. In contrast, sodium and
      potassium exerted no effect, while calcium had a negative effect on the
      preparation as measured with flow cytometry. Compared with a solution of
      potassium chloride + propidium iodide, chromosomes prepared in Tris buffer
      resolved better with less background. A histogram quality factor which contains
      the variables peak height, depth of valley and coefficient of variation, was used
      to quantitate the histograms.

PMID- 6839886
TI  - A video-computer for the chronotropic and inotropic measurements of the beating
      of cultured heart cells.
AB  - A video-computer system has been developed to measure the chronotropy and
      inotropy of cultured heart cells. The motion of the cell is followed by recording
      of the changes of light intensity from the edge of a beating cell. With this
      system the velocity of contraction and relaxation, the time to peak contraction,
      relaxation time and the displacement of the cell in culture can be measured for
      the first time. Also, the rate of beating can be measured beyond the limits set
      by visual counting. With the application of this technique to the cultured heart
      cell system we have found that norepinephrine increases the velocity of
      relaxation thus reducing the ratio of contraction velocity to relaxation
      velocity, and reduces the twitch time. Increased external calcium, on the other
      hand, has little effect on either the velocity of contraction or relaxation but,
      like norepinephrine, decreases the twitch time.

PMID- 6839887
TI  - High resolution method for the analysis of DNA histograms that is suitable for
      the detection of multiple aneuploid G1 peaks in clinical samples.
AB  - The DNA histogram obtained by flow cytometry can be considered as the product of
      an "ideal" measurement column vector and a measurement distortion matrix. In
      order to extract the ideal histogram from the real data, the measurement
      distortion matrix is commonly presumed to be a family of Gaussian coefficients
      that are centered on the diagonal. We have designed a feedback-controlled curve
      fitting procedure that reconstructs the ideal histogram from the real data
      through successive iterations. The optimum coefficient of variation (cv) for the
      family of Gaussians in the measurement distortion matrix is determined from an
      analysis of the sums of squares of fits of the computed DNA histogram to the real
      data over an appropriate range of trial cv. Since this method assigns a Gaussian
      to each and every data channel, it permits the resolution of closely spaced
      multiple aneuploid G1 peaks in clinical samples. The effects of high frequency
      noise that may be present in the data can be attenuated by multiplying the real
      data histogram by a Gaussian matrix with cv close to but smaller than that of the
      measurement distortion matrix.

PMID- 6839888
TI  - DNA flow cytometric analysis of monogranulocytic colony forming cells from mouse
      bone marrow in vitro.
AB  - An adaptation of a previously reported flow cytometric technique is described.
      This technique was applied to study the DNA distribution of mouse granulocyte
      macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFc) grown in a methyl cellulose culture
      system. This method involved the collection of cell clusters and colonies from
      the methyl cellulose culture medium for the subsequent determination of DNA
      content. The DNA content of the homogeneous GM-CFc suspensions was determined by
      applying a modification of the propidium iodide staining procedure described by
      Crissman et al. The relative percentage of cells in G0 + G1, S, and G2 + M stages
      of the cell cycle was calculated by applying mathematical analysis to the
      resulting DNA histograms. This method could be useful in studying the effects of
      drugs on GM-CFc kinetics.

PMID- 6839891
TI  - Double stapling technique for low anterior resection.
AB  - A report is given on 26 patients (18 men and 8 women) undergoing low anterior
      resection for carcinoma of the rectum, using both the TA 55 and EEA staplers. The
      average age was 65 years (range, 45 to 92 years). The preoperative level of the
      lesion from the anal verge averaged 9.8 cm (range, 4 to 17 cm). All had well
      differentiated or moderately well-differentiated lesions. All lesions were
      removed using the following technique. The TA 55 stapler was placed across the
      lower rectum at the distal resection margin. The EEA stapler was introduced into
      the rectum with the anvil removed. The shaft was then passed through the rectum
      stump either through or immediately adjacent to the staple line. The anvil was
      refitted and the anastomosis completed between the more proximal colon and the
      rectal stump. A defunctioning colostomy was employed in only one patient. There
      has been no mortality. Follow-up has been 2 to 16 months, and there has been no
      early recurrence. The postoperative level of the anastomosis averaged 5.5 cm
      (range, 2 to 11 cm). Stapler-related complications occurred in three patients.
      One of these patients developed a postoperative anastomotic leak, which
      necessitated a defunctioning colostomy. Two anastomotic strictures occurred
      following either an anastomotic leak or postoperative radiation therapy. Early
      incontinence to gas, night-time anal soilage, and urgency occurred in eight
      patients (30 per cent). These symptoms improved or disappeared within three
      months following operation. The authors' preliminary experience has shown the
      double stapling technique to have definite advantages. It obviates the use of
      lower purse-string suture and permits a lower and easier anastomosis. It avoids
      the problem of disparity of sizes of the two ends of the bowel. The rectum is not
      opened and fecal spillage is minimized. To date, results have been good without
      excessive complications.

PMID- 6839890
TI  - One-stage subtotal colectomy with anastomosis for obstructing carcinoma of the
      left colon.
AB  - Fourteen cases of severe obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated by
      emergency subtotal colectomy and ileorectal or ileosigmoid anastomoses. There was
      one death after two months and a further two septic postoperative complications.
      Follow-up stretched from two to 39 months (an average 13.7 months). One patient
      died of a myocardial infarction after 11 months and another of liver metastases
      after 21 months. Two patients were lost to follow-up at 12 and 25 months, and
      nine patients remain alive and well, free of disease. The last nine cases were
      consecutive, and two additional patients with obstruction had only colostomy
      performed due to their poor conditions. A staged approach to treatment reduces
      long-term survival as well as inducing a high cumulative mortality and morbidity
      rate. Colostomy also reduces the quality of life for the elderly patient. Results
      of this form of treatment are surprisingly good, and it is advocated as the
      treatment of choice for the vast majority of patients.

PMID- 6839889
TI  - A method and the results of loop colostomy.
AB  - A technique of loop colostomy which avoids a sutured skin wound, employs a deep
      tension suture with retained polythene sleeve as a bridge, and permits routine
      use of standard terminal colostomy appliances is described. The clinical results
      in 51 patients are reported and the advantages of this method of construction
      discussed. All patients were able to use standard, terminal colostomy appliances
      routinely from the time of construction. There were no immediate postoperative
      complications. Delayed complications occurred in 5 (10 per cent) patients.
      Intraperitoneal closure was performed in 43 patients and was complicated by 1
      (2.3 per cent) transient fecal leak and 4 (9.3 per cent) would infections. The
      absence of a sutured skin wound, the small bridge size, and the circular shape of
      the stoma facilitate use of accurately fitting, standard terminal colostomy
      appliances rather than the usual loop colostomy apparatus. This results in an
      improved skin seal, reduced fecal leakage, easier nursing and stoma care, and
      better patient morale.

PMID- 6839892
TI  - Fiberoptic colonoscopy. A report of findings in 481 patients from Kuwait.
AB  - The authors report 481 colonoscopic examinations, performed in the Amiri
      Hospital, Kuwait. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the pattern of
      colonic diseases in this region and to compare our findings with those reported
      from elsewhere. Although these are preliminary results, they suggest that colonic
      diseases, in general, are uncommon in this area. Ulcerative colitis was the most
      common pathology detected on colonoscopy. Polyps and diverticulosis were less
      common than those observed in the west. The frequency of Crohn's disease in
      Indians and Pakistanis in Kuwait was found to be high, although it is reported to
      be a very rare disease in their native countries.

PMID- 6839894
TI  - Biofeedback in the management of partial anal incontinence.
AB  - Fifty patients with anal incontinence were treated by biofeedback as an office
      procedure. This took the form of an intra-anal plug, containing two ring
      electrodes and connected to an electromyometer. In four or less sessions,
      patients were instructed in sphincter contraction and extraneous muscle
      relaxation. All have been followed for at least one year, and in 74 per cent
      there has been satisfactory restoration of continence. The method was
      particularly successful in post-surgical (anal) patients, with the exception of
      those with "keyhole deformity" after anal fistulectomy. In nonsurgical patients,
      results were excellent in the idiopathic and postradiation groups, but were poor
      in patients with incontinence due to rectal prolapse or to neurogenic causes. The
      simplicity and portability of this method make it a valuable aid in the office
      management of anal incontinence.

PMID- 6839893
TI  - The importance of disease-free margins in resections for Crohn's disease.
AB  - It has long been a fundamental principle of surgical therapy for Crohn's disease
      to remove all disease prior to doing an anastomosis. The authors recently noted
      with concern an article describing a series of patients demonstrating that
      residual involvement of anastomotic microscopic disease had no significant effect
      on the recurrence rate at the anastomosis. Examining their own series of 710
      patients undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease, the authors found 42 patients
      with residual anastomotic disease. The criteria for involvement were more
      specific than that used in the above article and included microscopic mucosal
      disease. The recurrence rate within the follow-up period of eight years in
      patients with only microscopic involvement was 89.4 per cent. This was
      significantly higher than the institutional recurrence rate for Crohn's
      resections, previously reported, of 55 per cent at ten years. The authors feel
      that clear margins should be obtained in resections for Crohn's disease, if at
      all feasible.

PMID- 6839895
TI  - Diverticular disease of the colon in Jordan.
AB  - In a case review over a nine-year period, 35 patients were referred to the
      University Hospital with a variety of abdominal symptoms related to the
      gastrointestinal tract, were found to have diverticular disease of the colon. In
      a retrospective evaluation of 274 consecutive barium enemas performed at the same
      institute in patients aged 20 to 85 years, in a three-year period (1979 to 1981),
      colonic diverticula were found in 11 patients, giving incidence of 4 per cent;
      all positive enemas for diverticulosis in this group occurred in patients over
      the age of 40 years.

PMID- 6839896
TI  - Surgical treatment and late results in 1226 cases of colorectal cancer.
AB  - One thousand two hundred twenty-six cases of colorectal cancer were treated
      surgically between 1956 and 1978. Seven hundred ninety-eight cases (65.08 per
      cent) were rectal, 74.3 per cent of which were located extraperitoneally. Dukes'
      C2 cases and cases with distant metastasis constituted 39.15 per cent, and Dukes'
      A cases, 9.22 per cent. Resectability rate was 75.1 per cent (77.6 per cent for
      rectal cancer). Two hundred and four cases (32.96 per cent) of rectal excision
      were restorative resections. Of the combined excisions for extraperitoneal
      lesions in females, 84.8 per cent were posterior pelvic exenterations. The
      overall operative mortality rate was 2.93 per cent. The mortality rate for 921
      cases of resection was 1.73 per cent, for rectal resection, 0.8 per cent, and for
      curative rectal resection, 0.63 per cent. The follow-up rate was 94.13 per cent.
      The five-and ten-year survival rates for rectal resection were 53.08 +/- 2.29 per
      cent and 47.65 +/- 2.44 per cent; for curative rectal resection. 66.91 +/- 2.54
      per cent and 60.27 +/- 3.03 per cent; and for Dukes' A cases, 98.05 +/- 1.35 per
      cent and 96.39 +/- 2.13 per cent. The five-and ten-year survival rates for
      colonic resection were 59.79 +/- 2.04 per cent and 52.18 +/- 3.49 per cent; for
      curative colonic resection, 72.79 +/- 3.39 per cent and 62.06 +/- 4.17 per cent;
      and for Dukes' A cases, both 100 per cent. Besides the extent of spread and
      degree of malignancy of a lesion, the local immunologic reaction of the host is
      also important in prognosis. The more lymphocytic infiltration in and around the
      cancer, the more follicular hyperplasia and sinus histiocytosis in regional lymph
      nodes, the better is the prognosis. The problem of anal preservation in radical
      resection of rectal cancer and the problem of improvement of results in the
      treatment of extraperitoneal rectal cancer are discussed in detail.

PMID- 6839897
TI  - Morphogenesis of human colonic cancer.
AB  - A total of 155 early carcinomas, collected from colonoscopic polypectomy cases,
      surgically removed specimens, and resected colon from patients with adenomatosis
      coli, were histologically investigated in order to find their characteristic
      morphologic features. The commonest types of early carcinomas examined had a
      short stalk or were broad-based, and carcinomas 1 to 2 cm in diameter were the
      largest in actual number, although the malignancy rate increased with increasing
      size. The malignancy rate of small adenomas, under 1 cm in diameter, is higher
      than previously estimated. The clinical importance of the shape and size of such
      polyps is stressed for earlier detection of carcinomas of the colon, and an
      improved concept of the morphogenesis of colonic carcinoma is proposed.

PMID- 6839899
TI  - Primary squamous carcinoma of the proximal large bowel. Report of a case and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A patient with primary squamous carcinoma of the proximal colon, who also had a
      previous adenocarcinoma of the large bowel, is described along with a review of
      the literature. Clinical features, etiologic factors, and possible pathogenesis
      are discussed.

PMID- 6839898
TI  - The strongest prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma. Surgicopathologic stage
      of disease and postoperative fever.
AB  - Of 227 patients with stage B or C colorectal carcinoma operated for "cure," 132
      had a febrile postoperative course. Of the latter, five patients (3.7 per cent)
      died of sepsis. The five-year actuarial recurrence rate for 227 patients was 53
      per cent. When the patients were divided into groups according to stage of
      disease and postoperative fever, the following was found: Eighty-one low stage
      patients (B1 + B2) had a 34 per cent five-year actuarial recurrence rate, and 146
      high-stage patients (B3 + C4 + C2)-- a 71 per cent rate (P less than 0.0005).
      Fever occurred postoperatively in 46 per cent of low-stage patients and in 65 per
      cent of high-stage patients (P = 0.004). In low-stage patients, the five-year
      actuarial recurrence rate was 3 per cent in the group with an afebrile
      postoperative course, and 66 per cent in that with fever (P much less than
      0.0005). Similarly, in high-stage patients, the recurrence rate was 24 and 93 per
      cent, respectively in the group with afebrile and febrile postoperative courses
      (P much less than 0.0005). Preoperative plasma CEA levels seemed to have no
      bearing upon prognosis, unless above 20 ng/ml. Eighty-two per cent of patients
      who had serial postoperative plasma CEA measurements and recurrence of cancer had
      increasing CEA levels. Thus, postoperative fever lasting two or more days was the
      most unfavorable prognostic factor, highly significant statistically, whereas
      stage of disease ranked only second in isolating better prognoses among operated
      patients from those at higher risks of recurrence.

PMID- 6839900
TI  - Stercoraceous perforation of the colon. Report of a case.
AB  - Stercoraceous perforation of the colon is seen infrequently clinically, but the
      mortality of this entity remains high. Early diagnosis and treatment are
      essential if mortality is to be reduced. Emphasis is placed on the potential
      prevention of this entity. The case presented involves four confined
      stercoraceous perforations of the colon which were treated by resection and
      colostomy and from which the patient made a complete recovery.

PMID- 6839902
TI  - Duodenal epithelial thymidine uptake in patients with duodenal ulcer or
      endoscopic duodenitis.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between duodenal ulcer disease and duodenitis,
      duodenal epithelial cell renewal was measured in mucosal biopsies by the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine. When 14 patients with duodenal ulcer were
      compared to 13 control subjects or 7 with endoscopic duodenitis alone, the crypt
      size was the same in all groups. Similar to other inflammatory processes of the
      gastrointestinal tract, patients with endoscopic duodenitis showed increased
      proliferative indices including a greater number of cells incorporating
      [3H]thymidine. In contrast, the proliferative indices from the duodenal mucosa of
      patients with duodenal ulcers did not differ from a control group. In a group of
      6 patients with both endoscopic duodenitis and duodenal ulcer, the [3H]thymidine
      incorporation was intermediate between control subjects or patients with duodenal
      ulcer alone and those with endoscopic duodenitis alone. When subjects were
      divided according to the histologic appearance of the duodenal mucosa, those
      having chronic duodenitis demonstrated enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation in
      comparison to a control group or patients with chronic active duodenitis
      (polymorphonuclear leukocytes present). Although there are many possible
      explanations of these findings, one may speculate that duodenal ulceration does
      not stimulate duodenal epithelial proliferation.

PMID- 6839901
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of a colonic duplication.
AB  - Alimentary tract duplications are rare anomalies that present with a wide
      spectrum of clinical manifestations. Mass lesions or obstructive symptoms
      predominate in infancy, while pain and hemorrhagic complications often herald
      their recognition in childhood. Spontaneous perforation, a rarely encountered
      complication, accounted for the acute exacerbation of previously chronic
      abdominal pain in a three-year-old girl. This case emphasizes the potential for
      these benign lesions to present with progressive abdominal symptoms and
      ultimately pressure-induced ischemic perforation.

PMID- 6839904
TI  - Aminopyrine breath test. Prospective comparison with liver histology and liver
      chemistry tests following jejunoileal bypass performed for refractory obesity.
AB  - To determine whether the aminopyrine breath test reflects the presence of
      increased pericentral fibrosis, steatonecrosis, and cirrhosis following
      jejunoileal bypass, 21 patients were evaluated with liver biopsies, liver
      chemistry tests, 45-min bromosulfothalein retention tests, and aminopyrine breath
      tests prior to bypass and at 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Following bypass, 15
      biopsies demonstrated increased pericentral fibrosis, steatonecrosis, or
      cirrhosis, and 35 biopsies revealed increased fatty infiltration alone. Although
      the aminopyrine breath test results were significantly lower in patients with
      increased pericentral fibrosis, steatonecrosis, and cirrhosis at 6 and 12 months
      following bypass (P less than 0.05), this test had a positive predictability of
      only 0.67. An abnormal AST had a positive predictability of 0.87. Other liver
      function tests were less reliable in identifying patients with potentially
      progressive lesions following bypass. Thus, the AST is more useful than the
      aminopyrine breath test in reflecting increased pericentral fibrosis,
      steatonecrosis, and cirrhosis following jejunoileal bypass. The nonspecific
      effects of obesity and increased fatty infiltration of the liver following
      jejunoileal bypass may account for the low predictability of the aminopyrine
      breath test.

PMID- 6839903
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid breath hydrogen analyzer for clinical studies of
      carbohydrate absorption.
AB  - A second-generation gas chromatograph for the analysis of H2 in expired air has
      been developed. It incorporates a solid-state detector with high sensitivity for
      H2 and has a small, internal pump which supplies air as the carrier gas, thus
      eliminating the need for a large tank of compressed gas for the carrier. A
      reference gas of known H2 concentration is, of course, still required. The entire
      system weighs 6.0 kg and is completely portable, requiring only 120 V electric
      current for use. The instrument has a mean intersample interval of less than 2
      min, with H2 concentration registered on a digital display. The output has a
      track-hold feature which permits the output, in parts per million H2, to be
      retained by the meter so the reading can be verified. The chromatogram can also
      be recorded on a conventional analog strip-chart recorder. The sensitivity and
      precision are superior to those of a thermal conductivity H2 gas chromatograph.
      Moreover, the rapid response time encourages frequent calibration checks with the
      reference gas. This analyzer offers significant advantages over previous H2
      measuring systems for breath-analysis tests used both for diagnostic clinical
      practice and for field studies of nutritional assessment.

PMID- 6839906
TI  - Production of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the dog using venom of the
      scorpion, Buthus quinquestriatus.
AB  - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis has been produced in dogs by two separate
      intraarterial injections (20 and 10 micrograms/kg) of venom from the scorpion
      Buthus quinquestriatus. Morphological changes related to the development of the
      disease were detectable by electron and light microscopy at 1 and 3 hr,
      respectively, following the injection of venom. Six hours following venom
      injection, widespread areas of hemorrhage and fat necrosis were observed on the
      surface of the pancreas and adjacent mesenteries. By 24 hr, areas of fat necrosis
      more than 1 cm in diameter were present on the surface of the pancreas. No free
      protease was found in pure pancreatic juice collected at 3, 6, 24, and 96 hr
      after the injection of Buthus quinquestriatus venom. Amylase concentrations in
      serum increased to a maximum sevenfold above the basal level at 6-8 hr after
      injection. Since acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis occurred both with and without
      pancreatic duct cannulation, it is likely that the pathological process is
      independent of any venom effect on papillary sphincter tone. The morphological
      characteristics of the experimental disease appear similar to those observed at
      autopsy in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in humans.

PMID- 6839905
TI  - Relation between gastric secretion of acid and urinary excretion of calcium after
      oral supplements of calcium.
AB  - The object of this study was to determine in 12 healthy subjects the relation
      between gastric secretion of acid and absorption of calcium from two different
      preparations of calcium, as judged from increased outputs of calcium in the
      urine. The increase in urinary output of calcium after solid calcium carbonate
      was greater in the subjects with the most gastric secretion of acid. The
      absorption of calcium after a solution of monocalcium citrate was independent of
      gastric secretion of acid. In the four subjects with the least gastric secretion
      of acid, there was no absorption of calcium after calcium carbonate, but the
      absorption after monocalcium citrate was as great as that for those who secreted
      greater amounts of acid.

PMID- 6839909
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for cholecystokinin (CCK).

PMID- 6839908
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of cholecystokinin.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for cholecystokinin (CCK) has
      been developed. Fully immunoreactive [125I]CCK33 was prepared by chloramine T
      catalyzed iodination followed by purification by gel filtration and ion exchange
      chromatography. A high titer of antiserum was obtained by multiple immunizations
      of rabbits with 15% pure porcine CCK without conjugation. The antiserum was
      highly specific for CCK33 and CCK39, with 40% of the binding sites recognizing
      CCK8 at high affinity, but reacted weakly with gastrin. Plasma interference was
      eliminated by an XAD-2 resin column extraction technique with high recovery of
      CCK. The overall assay sensitivity was 3.3 pM with intra- and interassay
      coefficients of variation determined with a plasma of 11.2 pM at 9.6 and 20.8%,
      respectively. The assay was capable of detecting linear increments of both CCK33
      and CCK8 added into plasma and intravenous infusion of CCK8 as low as 0.03
      micrograms/kg/hr in dogs. The assay was validated by its ability to monitor
      increase of plasma CCK immunoreactivity after ingestion of a meat meal in both
      humans and dogs, as well as following intragastric infusion of liver extract meal
      and intraduodenal infusion of phenylalanine in dogs. When the CCK8 and gastrin
      binding sites of the antiserum were removed by immunoadsorption, the treated
      antiserum remained capable of measuring a postprandial change in plasma CCK
      concentration, indicating that CCK33-like immunoreactivity was present in the
      plasma.

PMID- 6839907
TI  - Gastric bicarbonate appearance with ethanol ingestion. Mechanism and
      significance.
AB  - Increasing quantities of HCO3- appeared in the stomach and in gastric pouches of
      conscious dogs with gastric infusion of increasing concentrations of ethanol.
      HCO3- appearance was closely correlated with gains of K+ and of glucose to the
      contents and with reductions in transmucosal potential differences, each of which
      is associated with increased mucosal permeability. We concluded that increased
      diffusion of HCO3- through a more permeable mucosa accounted for the appearance
      of HCO3- with the lower concentrations of ethanol we used (5-20%) and that bulk
      movement of the interstitial fluid into the contents added to HCO3- entry with
      the most damaging, desquamating, concentration (40%). With the gastric contents
      at 100 mM HCl, an unstirred layer of mucus gel over the mucosa would need to be
      of greater depth than previous estimates to produce mucosal surface neutrality at
      the rates of HCO3- appearance we observed. However, faster rates of HCO3-
      production combined with an unstirred layer could provide significant protection
      to the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 6839912
TI  - Comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol after
      intravenous chloramphenicol succinate in premature infants and older patients.
AB  - The bioavailability of chloramphenicol and the pharmacokinetics of
      chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate were studied in 5 premature infants
      (group A), 8 full-term infants (group B) and 4 children (group C) receiving
      intravenous chloramphenicol succinate at steady-state. Although the total body
      clearances of chloramphenicol succinate were similar in the three groups, its
      renal clearance, 0.78 +/- 1.13 ml/min/kg, in group A was markedly lower than 4.11
      +/- 2.41 ml/min/kg in group B (p less than 0.05) and 7.31 +/- 2.85 ml/min/kg in
      group C (p less than 0.05). The bioavailability of chloramphenicol, 0.93 +/-
      0.10, in group A was considerably higher as compared to 0.71 +/- 0.14 in group B
      (p = 0.06) and 0.64 +/- 0.13 in group C (p less than 0.05). The elimination half
      life of chloramphenicol, 10.08 +/- 6.88 h, in group A was longer than 3.48 +/-
      1.52 h in group B (p less than 0.05) and 4.86 +/- 2.41 h in group C (p = 0.06).
      The increased bioavailability of chloramphenicol in premature infants was a
      result of the decreased renal clearance of chloramphenicol succinate causing a
      greater fraction of the chloramphenicol succinate dose to be hydrolyzed to
      chloramphenicol.

PMID- 6839911
TI  - Diagnostic usefulness of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 6839910
TI  - Adult onset sucrase-isomaltase deficiency with secondary disaccharidase
      deficiency resulting from severe dietary carbohydrate restriction.

PMID- 6839913
TI  - The effects of lanthanum and manganese on excitation-contraction coupling in the
      newborn rabbit heart.
AB  - The effects of 5 microM of lanthanum (La) and 0.5 mM of manganese (Mn) on
      myocardial mechanical function were studied in isolated, arterially perfused
      cardiac preparations of newborn and adult rabbits. The La-induced decrease in
      developed tension (DT) and maximal rate of tension development [+dT/dt(max)] was
      similar in the two age groups for the first 4 min of perfusion. La perfusion
      caused a significant rise in the resting tension (RT) of the newborn preparation,
      but not of the adult preparation. In the newborn, Mn perfusion resulted in a
      decrease in DT and +dT/dt (max) that was similar to the decrease induced by La.
      In the adult, however, the Mn-induced decrease in function occurred much more
      slowly than did that of La. In addition, the Mn-induced decrease in function in
      the newborn was significantly (p less than 0.005) greater than that of the adult.
      As with La, Mn caused a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the RT of the
      newborn preparation only. These data show that there are significant age-related
      differences in the mechanical response of the myocardium to uncouplers of
      excitation-contraction. Furthermore, they suggest that the etiology of these
      differences may lie in the maturation of intracellular organelles that are
      responsible for the beat-to-beat regulation of myocardial contractility.

PMID- 6839915
TI  - Age-related effect of cycloheximide on lipid peroxidation in rough and smooth
      microsomes of rat liver.
AB  - Cycloheximide, at a nonlethal dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, has different effects
      on microsomal in vivo lipid peroxidation in different age groups. In general, the
      antibiotic increases microsomal lipid peroxidation in newborn and 1-year-old
      rats, but decreases it in 15- and 75-day-old rats. Low doses of cycloheximide
      induces lipid peroxidation in vitro whereas higher doses cause inhibition. The
      degree of change differs in the two microsomal fractions. The sucklings are more
      susceptible to such a change than the older rats. In vivo lipid peroxidation in
      rat liver homogenate and rough and smooth microsomes declines as a function of
      age. Smooth microsomes show more lipid peroxidation than the rough in the
      different age groups.

PMID- 6839914
TI  - Echocardiographic effects of high and low volumes of maintenance fluid
      administration in low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - Serial M-mode echocardiograms were performed during days 3-20 of life in 73 low
      birth-weight infants randomized on day 3 of life to 'high' (n = 40) and 'low' (n
      = 33) fluid regimens designed to give significantly different maintenance fluid
      intakes (172 +/- 25 and 121 +/- 13 ml/kg/day, mean +/- SD, respectively, p less
      than 0.001). The groups were comparable with respect to birth weight, gestational
      age, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and mean number of serial
      echocardiograms performed per infant (9 and 9), respectively. Calorie and
      electrolyte intake were not controlled in the study design. Cumulative
      echocardiographic data were compared by unpaired t test. Left ventricular end
      diastolic diameter, right ventricular end diastolic diameter, septal excursion,
      left ventricular posterior wall excursion and left atrial to aortic root ratio
      were slightly but statistically significantly larger in the 'high' fluid group.
      Comparison of regression coefficients showed that left ventricular end-diastolic
      diameter tended to rise with postnatal age in the 'high' group and fall with
      postnatal age in the 'low' group. Left atrial to aortic root ratio tended to fall
      with postnatal age in the 'low' group relative to the 'high' group. These
      differences in echocardiographic measurements may reflect adaptation of the
      circulation to a degree of chronic volume overload in low-birth-weight infants.

PMID- 6839916
TI  - Maturation-related differences in regional circulatory effects of dopamine
      infusion in swine.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of dopamine (DPA) infusions were evaluated in
      developing swine, less than or equal to 1 day, 2 weeks, and 2 months of age,
      anesthetized with halothane in 50% N2O and O2. DPA was given by intravenous
      infusion in randomized doses of 2, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min.
      Depressor responses and bradycardia were observed during 2 micrograms/kg/min in 2
      week-olds and during 2, 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min in 2-month-olds. During
      infusion of 20 micrograms/kg/min, DPA pressor responses were observed in animals
      less than or equal to 2 weeks of age; in addition, tachycardia occurred in 1-day
      old swine. Renal resistance decreased during infusion of 2 micrograms/kg/min in
      all swine. It increased during 10 and 20 micrograms/kg/min in the 1-day and 2
      week groups, but not in the 2-month group. Mesenteric resistance decreased during
      infusion of 2, 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min in less than or equal to 2-week-olds
      and at all doses in 2-month-olds. Following combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockade, infusion of 20 micrograms/kg/min DPA inhibited renal
      vasoconstriction in most animals and elicited mesenteric vasodilation in all. The
      results indicate that dopaminergic responses undergo a postnatal maturation which
      has a different time course for different regional circulations.

PMID- 6839917
TI  - Small muscle wasting of the hands in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The clinical features and peripheral somatic and autonomic nerve function were
      studied in 10 diabetic subjects (nine men, one woman; mean age 59 yr, range 41-68
      yr; mean duration of diabetes 20 yr, range 8 mo to 33 yr) with generalized small
      muscle wasting of the hands. Five patients were insulin-dependent and five non
      insulin-dependent. Nine had retinopathy (two proliferative, seven background),
      five nephropathy, two ischemic heart disease, and seven peripheral vascular
      disease. Nine patients had clinical evidence of sensory peripheral neuropathy and
      absent reflexes in the lower limbs. Eight patients had distal sensory impairment
      and/or absent reflexes in the upper limbs. Seven had two or more symptoms of
      autonomic neuropathy. Nerve conduction measurements in the median, ulnar, and
      lateral popliteal nerves showed that all patients had moderate to severe
      polyneuropathy affecting both motor and sensory fibers. Nine had one or more
      abnormal cardiovascular autonomic function tests. Electromyography of affected
      muscles in the hands showed changes of chronic partial denervation and collateral
      reinnervation in all cases.

PMID- 6839918
TI  - Why randomize in clinical trials?

PMID- 6839924
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy in two siblings: a report on a new
      association and a review of the literature.
AB  - Two siblings with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy (Wolfram syndrome) are
      described. As often noted, they also had atonic urinary bladders. Only one of the
      siblings had some impairment of hearing. Other findings not previously reported
      that appeared in each subject were esophageal dysphagia and vertigo. An autopsy
      in one revealed brain stem hypoplasia and thinning and flattening of the optic
      nerves with atrophy of the lateral geniculate bodies.

PMID- 6839922
TI  - Registered nurses' knowledge about diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Level of knowledge was tested in 137 volunteer registered nurses in three
      hospitals in the Midwest. A 34-item multiple choice Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT)
      was developed by the first author (S.D.S.) working with a panel of expert nurse
      diabetes educators. Reliability using coefficient alpha was 0.61. Staff nurses
      obtained a mean score of 25.3, or 74% correct. Thirty-four nurses (25%) scored
      above 80% correct; 62 (45%) scored between 70% and 79% correct; and 41 (30%)
      scored below 70% correct. Higher-scoring nurses did well on items requiring use
      of exchange lists, but they missed items on physiologic actions of insulin, side
      effects of sulfonylureas, where insulin should be stored, and areas of the body
      suitable for injections of insulin. Nurses who scored below 60% on the test
      consistently missed items requiring use of exchange lists, effects of regular
      exercise and illness on blood glucose, and symptoms and causes of hypoglycemia
      and hyperglycemia. A strong trend (P = 0.055) was found for surgical nurses to
      score lower than medical unit nurses, and significant differences (P less than
      0.05) were found among scores between hospitals. Staff nurses employed in a
      hospital where clinical specialists also were employed to teach diabetic patients
      had the lowest scores of the three hospitals. Test content subareas should be
      developed in the future to test knowledge reliably about urine testing, use of
      oral medications, home blood glucose monitoring, effects of exercise, and Somogyi
      phenomenon. A curriculum for regular inservice should be developed for nurses to
      assure a high level of knowledge for patient teaching with diabetes patients.

PMID- 6839920
TI  - Comparison of two indices of glycemic control in diabetic subjects: glycosylated
      serum protein and hemoglobin.
AB  - Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were measured
      in 263 insulin-dependent and 41 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Both
      indices provided useful information in type II diabetes, but were extremely poor
      in judging control in type I diabetes. In both groups, there was poor correlation
      of the fasting serum glucose with either GSP or GHb. Only 4% of type I diabetic
      subjects had normal values for both GSP and GHb. Of subjects with elevated GSP,
      98% had elevated GHb; 25% of subjects with elevated GHb values had normal values
      for GSP.

PMID- 6839919
TI  - Dynamic foot pressure and other studies as diagnostic and management aids in
      diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - The pressures and loads under the feet during walking have been compared in three
      groups of 41 patients each, using a microprocessor-controlled optical system.
      Group A consisted of patients with diabetic neuropathy, group B of non
      neuropathic diabetic patients, and group C of nondiabetic controls. Thirteen
      patients in group A had a history of neuropathic foot ulceration. Other
      investigations in the diabetic patients included motor conduction velocity (MCV)
      in the median and peroneal nerves, vibration perception threshold (VPT) in the
      great toes, the valsalva response (VR), skin resistance (SR), and the ankle
      pressure index (API). Fifty-one percent of neuropathic feet had abnormally high
      pressures underneath the metatarsal heads compared with 17% of the diabetic
      controls and 7% of nondiabetic subjects. All those feet with previous ulceration
      had abnormally high pressures at the ulcer sites. Of the other investigations,
      the VPT correlated most significantly with the presence of foot ulceration. In
      addition, a low median and peroneal nerve MCV, an abnormal VR, a high API, and
      the absence of sweating all correlated with the presence of foot ulceration. We
      therefore conclude that simple bedside investigations, such as measurement of the
      VPT alone, may be useful in identifying those patients at risk of foot
      ulceration. Foot pressure studies may then be used in such patients as a
      predictive and management aid by determining specific areas under the foot that
      are prone to ulceration.

PMID- 6839923
TI  - Improvement of lipid status in diabetic boys: the 1971 and 1979 Joslin Camp lipid
      levels.
AB  - Since 1972, young type I diabetic patients seen by Joslin Clinic physicians have
      been advised to use a low cholesterol diet with a high proportion of
      polyunsaturated fat. Mean fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels at
      admission to the Joslin Boys Camp for the years 1971 (N = 129) and 1979 (N = 79)
      were compared. In 1979, the mean cholesterol level was lower by 44 mg/dl (P less
      than 0.001) and the mean triglyceride by 21 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) compared
      with 1971. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia decreased from 21.6% to 7.6%
      with a complete disappearance of types IV and V during the same period. A
      decrease in the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in type I
      diabetic patients might be anticipated from this diet modification.

PMID- 6839925
TI  - Incidence of diabetes mellitus by clinical type.
AB  - The incidence of diabetes mellitus by clinical type was determined for the
      community of Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-69. Overall adjusted incidence rates per
      100,000 person-years were 8.4 for IDDM, 80.1 for obese NIDDM, 45.6 for nonobese
      NIDDM, and 3.6 for secondary diabetes, using our definitions. Strict use of
      National Diabetes Data Group criteria would have reduced the apparent incidence
      of all diabetes by about 20% through the deletion of NIDDM cases. The National
      Diabetes Data Group classification improved the clinical homogeneity of IDDM
      patients compared with "juvenile-onset" diabetes but had little effect on NIDDM
      relative to "maturity-onset" diabetes, since essentially the same patients were
      included in both groups. Separation of NIDDM into obese and nonobese
      subcategories accomplished little in the way of defining two more homogeneous
      subgroups.

PMID- 6839926
TI  - The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations in diabetic individuals.
AB  - The Diabetes Control Activity has established diabetes control programs in 20
      states. Each has investigated the extent and nature of diabetes morbidity within
      its state by means of a descriptive analysis of selected health status
      indicators. Data from six states are included: 100% of hospital discharges from
      Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Maine and approximately 50% from Minnesota,
      Illinois, and Ohio were pooled to provide a profile of lower extremity
      amputations (LEA) in diabetic individuals. The purposes of this study were to
      identify diabetic persons at high risk of amputation for targeting preventive
      programs as well as to establish a baseline for monitoring trends over time.
      Discharge data provided by hospital abstracting services were examined for 1976
      1978. Results indicate that 45% of all LEAs are performed on patients with
      diabetes. An age-adjusted LEA rate of 59.7/10,000 diabetic individuals was
      computed. Diabetes-related amputation rates increase with age and are higher in
      males. The overwhelming majority of LEAs are either toe or above the knee, with
      few performed on the foot. The relative risk of LEAs for the diabetic compared
      with the nondiabetic population is highest in the under-45 age group (28),
      although the attributable risk is highest in the older population (91.5/10,000
      diabetic individuals). Overall, diabetic persons have a 15 times higher risk of
      LEA than nondiabetic individuals.

PMID- 6839927
TI  - Diabetes in the national TV news: 1971-1981.
AB  - Millions of Americans get virtually all their current events information from the
      national nightly television news programs. The purpose of this study was to learn
      what diabetes-related information had been broadcast over the last 11 years by
      the network news programs. Another objective was to learn how that coverage
      compared with that given other chronic diseases. The Vanderbilt Television News
      Archives (VTNA) has videotaped every ABC, NBC, and CBS nightly newscast since mid
      1968. The contents of each telecast have been catalogued and indexed. Indexes
      were searched for every segment that had anything to do with diabetes from 1971
      through 1981. In the last 11 years there have been 32 diabetes-related news
      segments. More than a third were about the controversial attempt to ban
      saccharin. Because each network may carry essentially the same story, the number
      of nonoverlapping reports was 20. The total time of the diabetes-related segments
      was 70 minutes. The topics covered by the news reports included oral agents (5
      reports), artificial sweeteners (12), biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) (7), and
      an assortment of unique items. The 32 diabetes-related segments compare with 23
      about arthritis, 215 about heart diseases, and 925 dealing with cancer. A
      compilation of the non-overlapping segments has been shown to health
      professionals, who felt the stories were generally accurate. Diabetes is not
      portrayed as a killer. Therefore, diabetes seems less serious, and therefore less
      newsworthy, than heart disease or cancer.

PMID- 6839921
TI  - An evaluation of patient performance of and their satisfaction with various rapid
      blood glucose measurement systems.
AB  - We evaluated the performance of 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients in the
      measurement of their own capillary blood glucose concentrations using Chemstrip
      bG, Dextrostix-Dextrometer, and Stat Tek systems. With all systems, patient
      performance was suboptimal when compared with the accuracy of paramedical
      personnel. The percentage of patient determinations that differed from the
      laboratory value by more than 20% was 37%, 30%, and 14% for the Chemstrip bG,
      Dextrostix-Dextrometer, and Stat Tek systems, respectively. Only 39 of the
      patients (78%) could perform accurately with any system. Youth, lack of a higher
      education, and lower income status contributed significantly to the patients'
      inaccuracy with the Chemstrip bG technique, whereas these factors had no effect
      on patient performance with the reflectance meter techniques. Nearly all of the
      patients were enthusiastic about the value of home glucose monitoring as a means
      to assess their glycemic control. However, only 30% of the patients selected for
      home use a technique at which they were suitably adept. In part, this selection
      error appeared to be due to the greater cost and inconvenience of the reflectance
      meter techniques compared with the Chemstrip bG technique. These data indicate
      that unless proper instruction is provided, home glucose monitoring should only
      be used by a fraction of insulin-requiring diabetic patients and the choice of a
      particular system for use by an individual patient should be predicated upon his
      or her demonstrated proficiency with that system.

PMID- 6839928
TI  - Cataract, pattern stimulation and visually evoked potentials.
AB  - Visually evoked potentials on pattern stimulation are lowered by cataracts via
      scatter, absorption and defocusing. These effects have to be known before pattern
      stimulation can be fruitfully applied in patients when a lowered vision cannot or
      can hardly be explained by the cataract. It was remarkable that pattern responses
      were relatively good as compared to visual acuity. With a pattern of 80' check
      size and 80% contrast all patients with a visual acuity of more than 0.1 had
      recognizable responses; this holds also true with 40' check size and 40% contrast
      in all patients with a visual acuity of more than 0.3. Reversely, with 10' check
      size and 10% contrast only half of the normal subjects had detectable responses.

PMID- 6839929
TI  - The lens and PUVA therapy.
AB  - A study was made of patients, who were receiving PUVA therapy for psoriasis, to
      see if lens abnormalities occurred which could be due to the PUVA treatment. In a
      group of 42 patients there was only one eye of one patient, in which a very
      slight opacity was found which might possibly have developed during the therapy.

PMID- 6839930
TI  - The value of preoperative electro-ophthalmological examination before cataract
      extraction.
AB  - In 203 senile cataractous eyes preoperative results of photopic flash ERGs and
      VERs were compared with the optimum visual acuity after cataract extraction.
      Because preoperatively for some reason a good function of the retina or the
      conductive system was questionable, patients were referred to the electro
      ophthalmological department. This encompassed approximately 10% of patients with
      a senile cataract. The relationships found indicated that the photopic flash ERGs
      and VERs are a good support for estimating post-operative visual function.

PMID- 6839931
TI  - Patterned anomalies of the retinal pigment epithelium: dystrophy or syndrome?
AB  - Under the heading of patterned dystrophies of the central pigment epithelium have
      been included, in some recent publications, the reticular and macroreticular
      dystrophies described respectively by Sjogren and Mesker et al. (both probably
      autosomal recessive hereditary conditions) as well as Deutman's butterfly-shaped
      dystrophy and fundus pulverulentus (both with autosomal dominant heredity),
      occurring in a few families. We have recently seen 6 patients with patterned
      anomalies of the central retinal pigment epithelium. The cause of this pigment
      anomaly was different in each case: Stargardt's macular degeneration associated
      with fundus flavimaculatus, drusen of Bruch's membrane, choroidal folds, adult
      (non-hereditary) vitelliform degeneration, bull's eye degeneration of the macula
      in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, and detachment of the pigment epithelium. In
      only one case, that of Stargardt's degeneration, was the condition hereditary
      (autosomal recessive) so that the term dystrophy (= hereditary degeneration)
      would be justified; all the other cases were non-hereditary conditions. The
      central retinal pigment epithelium can only react in a limited number of ways to
      pathological stimuli: one way is the patterned distribution of pigment. This
      argues against the concept of patterned dystrophy of the retinal pigment
      epithelium, especially as under this heading conditions with different hereditary
      characteristics are lumped together.

PMID- 6839932
TI  - Clinical applications of fluorometry.
AB  - An instrument has been developed that measures in ten seconds the level of
      fluorescein along a scanning line from the retina to the cornea. With spatial
      resolving power of 1.1 mm in the eye, concentrations of 1 X 10(-8) gr/ml
      fluorescein and higher are detectable. In this way an indication of the integrity
      of the blood-ocular barriers is achieved. In uveitis the dysfunction is mainly
      localised at the blood-aqueous barrier while in diabetic retinopathy the blood
      retinal barrier is predominantly affected. Sources of error are discussed.

PMID- 6839933
TI  - Chondroid chordoma of the base of the skull: orbital and other neuro
      ophthalmological symptoms.

PMID- 6839934
TI  - A case of temporal arteritis.

PMID- 6839935
TI  - Acyclovir treatment in stromal herpetic keratitis.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with long standing deep stromal herpetic keratitis and
      iritis were treated with acyclovir (3%) ointment and corticosteroids. All
      patients healed in about two to four weeks, independent of the duration of the
      keratitis before acyclovir treatment and independent of the antiviral medication
      given previously. Recurrences could not be prevented by acyclovir treatment. No
      serious side effects of acyclovir were noted.

PMID- 6839936
TI  - Senile idiopathic macular holes.

PMID- 6839937
TI  - [Transfer of the thymidine kinase gene in treating mouse TK- cells with DNA
      preparations from human tumor cells].

PMID- 6839938
TI  - [Increase in the degree of the methylation of the palindromic sequences in the
      DNA of cows with chronic lympholeukemia].

PMID- 6839939
TI  - [Effect of liposome-entrapped noradrenaline on cardiac hemodynamic indices in
      blockade of the adrenergic receptors].

PMID- 6839940
TI  - Disposition and pharmacokinetics of disulfiram and calcium carbimide (calcium
      cyanamide).

PMID- 6839943
TI  - The use of theoretical pharmacokinetic concepts in studies of the mechanisms of
      formation of chemically reactive metabolites in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 6839945
TI  - Dose-dependent theophylline elimination in an adult.
AB  - A 69-year-old male patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibited
      dose-dependent theophylline elimination. Steady-state serum theophylline
      concentrations, obtained at five different aminophylline infusion rates, ranged
      from 2.0 mg/L at an infusion rate of 36 mg/h to 10.1 mg/L at 76 mg/h. These serum
      concentrations were nonlinearly related to dose, with a Vmax of 89.04 mg/h and Km
      of 3.96 mg/L (r = 0.983, p less than 0.005). Theophylline clearance fell from a
      high of 348 ml/kg/h to 145 ml/kg/h as the infusion rate was increased. Although
      theophylline elimination kinetics in adults are generally assumed to be linear,
      clinicians should be alert to the possibility of nonlinear theophylline
      elimination, as has been observed commonly in children.

PMID- 6839942
TI  - The effect of intercellular distribution of drug-metabolizing enzymes on the
      kinetics of stable metabolite formation and elimination by liver: first-pass
      effects.

PMID- 6839944
TI  - Decreased absorption of cefaclor in short bowel syndrome.
AB  - Oral cefaclor is rapidly absorbed in patients with a shortened gastrointestinal
      tract (23 cm). A case is reported of a 27-month-old female child who had received
      oral cefaclor for five days in treatment of otitis media. The child had had a
      bowel resection at birth. She did not respond to oral therapy with cefaclor and
      was admitted to the hospital, where she received cefamandole intramuscularly. The
      patient recovered in five days. Further investigation using cefaclor with this
      patient demonstrated serum concentrations below the minimum inhibitory
      concentration of Hemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, and many other organisms.
      When oral antibiotics are prescribed, it is necessary to monitor serum
      concentrations to ensure absorption.

PMID- 6839941
TI  - The effect of hepatic metabolism on the production and toxicity of reactive
      metabolites in extrahepatic organs.

PMID- 6839946
TI  - Acute toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents: seizure following a
      mefenamic acid overdose.

PMID- 6839947
TI  - Comment on a case of thiazide-induced hyponatremia.

PMID- 6839948
TI  - Comment on verapamil evaluation.

PMID- 6839949
TI  - Comment on antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

PMID- 6839950
TI  - Lack of support for clinical pharmacy: a PHS Cuban refugee experience.

PMID- 6839951
TI  - The gap between basic sciences and clinical pharmacy practice: is it
      epistemological?
AB  - In this article, it is argued that the perceived gap between basic scientists and
      clinical practitioners originates in the epistemological persuasions of each
      group, that is, in their view of genuine knowledge and the process by which
      knowledge is obtained. The broad implications of this disparity for the education
      of practicing pharmacists are discussed. The Instrumentalist epistemology,
      adopted, in part, by clinical pharmacy faculty, is proposed as a framework to
      guide undergraduate, graduate, and continuing pharmacy education. To improve the
      "fit" between underlying epistemology and clinical instruction, specific changes
      in curricular content, organization, and delivery parameters is essential to
      therapy.

PMID- 6839954
TI  - Metoclopramide in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 6839952
TI  - The effectiveness of auxiliary prescription labels: a pilot study.
AB  - Affixed auxiliary prescription labels are widely used in the practice of pharmacy
      because they supposedly provide the patient with pertinent information that is
      not contained within the prescription signature. Yet, whether the labels are
      effective is not known, nor is it known whether the label's elements, such as
      color, form, and logo, affect perception of the written text. Sound scientific
      analyses of these questions are limited. Therefore, a pilot study involving a
      series of experiments was designed to determine whether individual perception of
      pertinent information is affected by the use of affixed auxiliary prescription
      labels. The second objective of this study was to evaluate how color and logo
      differences affected perception of the label's written text. Participants were
      selected for the experiments after being screened for color blindness, corrected
      vision, and, in some cases, previous pharmacy employment. Subjects viewed labels
      affixed to prescription vials via a two-channel tachistoscope. The tachistoscopic
      methodology measured perception, and its accuracy was verified through a forced
      choice instrument. Results from the pilot study were threefold: (1) a sound
      scientific analysis found affixed auxiliary labels to be effective, (2)
      significant variance could be attributed to both individual and subject
      differences, and (3) the unique effects of color and logo could not be
      determined.

PMID- 6839953
TI  - Physical assessment. The heart.
AB  - This article discusses normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology of the heart
      and the techniques used in physical assessment. Specific adverse drug effects are
      discussed and a case study is provided to illustrate key concepts.

PMID- 6839955
TI  - Equivalence of levothyroxine tablets.

PMID- 6839956
TI  - Some consequences of drug choice and dosage regimen for patients with impaired
      kidney function.
AB  - The object of this article is to discuss difficulties in extrapolating the
      performances of a drug for which the kinetic parameters are derived in healthy
      volunteers, to patients with severely impaired kidney function. The theoretical
      background of some actual or probable background is given, and a possible
      solution for these problems is offered, that is, choosing another drug from the
      same drug group. In patients without kidney function, metabolism is the only
      pathway of elimination. When the elimination of the metabolite formed occurs by
      means of renal excretion only, this metabolite accumulates in patients with
      impaired or absent kidney function. When a metabolic pathway of the parent drug
      is part of a metabolic equilibrium, the metabolic return reaction results in an
      "apparent parent compound," with a half-life identical to that of the accumulated
      metabolite. In this way, the concentration of the "apparent" parent compound
      increases and the half-life of the sum of parent and "apparent" parent drug will
      change. Examples of this drug behavior are given for sulfamethoxazole,
      sulfametrole, sulfamethizole, procainamide, and N4-acetylprocainamide.

PMID- 6839957
TI  - Theophylline clearance in obese patients in relation to smoking and congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - The effect of obesity on the total body clearance (Cltot) of theophylline was
      evaluated in nonsmokers and smokers with and without congestive heart failure
      (CHF). The obese patients were compared with similar nonobese subjects with
      regard to age, sex, and disease state. The total patient population numbered 150
      adults. Cltot of theophylline, based on total body weight (TBW), averaged 0.60 +/
      0.20 ml/min/kg in obese nonsmokers and did not differ from the nonobese,
      nonsmoking group. In obese nonsmoking patients with CHF, Cltot based on TBW was
      0.40 +/- 0.14 ml/min/kg, which was similar to Cltot values in nonsmoking CHF
      patients who were not obese. A trend toward a reduction in Cltot, based on TBW,
      as TBW increased, in nonsmoking patients with and without CHF, was observed. In
      contrast to the Cltot in nonsmokers, the Cltot of theophylline in obese smokers
      with and without CHF was similar to the Cltot values in nonobese populations only
      when based on ideal body weight. However, when compared with nonsmoking, nonobese
      patients, no differences were observed when Cltot was corrected for TBW. These
      findings suggest that theophylline maintenance dose can be based on TBW in obese
      patients who are smokers and nonsmokers (with and without CHF), using the average
      Cltot obtained for the nonsmoking patients with and without CHF.

PMID- 6839958
TI  - High-dose procainamide in chronic renal failure.
AB  - A patient with chronic renal failure who experienced symptomatic ventricular
      tachycardia was treated successfully with procainamide (PA) after numerous dosage
      adjustments to optimize his clinical response and serum PA and NAPA
      concentrations. Efforts to maintain total combined serum levels at 20-30
      micrograms/ml led to sustained ventricular ectopy whenever the serum PA levels
      decreased to less than 8 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 6839960
TI  - A mild case of toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - The toxic shock syndrome (TSS) most often is seen in young, healthy women who
      become symptomatic during menstruation. The association between TSS and the use
      of tampons is strong. The symptoms usually begin suddenly and are often
      nonspecific. Prostration and hypotensive shock can occur within 24 hours. Milder
      forms of the disease also may be seen. The overall mortality rate is
      approximately 8 percent. This report describes a mild case of TSS in a young,
      healthy, 16-year-old female who developed symptoms during menstruation. She had
      been using regular-size tampons, which were changed frequently, but she did not
      change tampons during the night. A positive cervical culture for Staphylococcus
      aureus confirmed the diagnosis. The patient responded to supportive care and
      intravenous oxacillin. Her generalized maculopapular rash disappeared within 24
      hours of admission, and her hands began to desquamate by the time of discharge.
      The patient was urged to avoid the use of tampons for four months subsequent to
      discharge.

PMID- 6839959
TI  - Familial warfarin resistance.
AB  - Warfarin, a coumarin anticoagulant, acts by interfering with the hepatic
      synthesis of the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. It is used clinically in
      the treatment or prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and embolisms. Resistance to
      the effects of the coumarin and indanedione anticoagulants has been reported in
      rats and man, but its incidence has been defined as extremely rare. Resistance
      has been described as relative, acquired, or hereditary. The first well
      documented case was also the first report to identify a genetic basis for this
      resistance. Since that time, there has been only one other study that
      strengthened the evidence for a hereditary transmission, and only a few other
      reports have suggested hereditary influence as a reason for coumarin resistance.
      In this report, a patient who presented with a familial-type warfarin resistance
      is described. A discussion of previous reports and possible mechanisms for
      nonfamilial warfarin resistance is also included.

PMID- 6839961
TI  - The effect of ibuprofen on serum digoxin concentrations.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of ibuprofen (Motrin), in
      daily doses of at least 1600 mg, on steady-state digoxin concentrations. A total
      of 12 ambulatory patients (10, female; 2, male), with a mean age of 66 years (38
      81 yr), completed the study. An initial baseline serum digoxin level was
      obtained, with follow-up levels at 7 days and, whenever possible, 28 days after
      ibuprofen initiation. Serum creatinine concentrations were not significantly
      different from baseline to 7 or 28 days of ibuprofen therapy. Results show a
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase in digoxin levels after
      seven days of ibuprofen. The mean increase was 59 percent (range, 10.7-325.4
      percent), with 10 of the 12 patients displaying increased seven-day levels.
      Digoxin levels drawn 28 days after ibuprofen initiation were not statistically
      different from baseline or seven-day digoxin levels.

PMID- 6839962
TI  - Observations on written communications between physicians regarding patients'
      drug treatment compared with patients' recall.
AB  - The authors reviewed the quality of information shared by referring doctors with
      hospital consultants, in regard to past drug treatment in the cases of 95
      consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Information contained in referral
      letters was compared with information obtained from patient interviews. It was
      found that the referral letters often contained little information on drug use
      and included no information on adverse reactions to drug therapy.

PMID- 6839963
TI  - Pharmacokinetic predictions based on a variable dosage frequency in chronic
      treatment.
AB  - After repeated intramuscular or oral administration, plasma drug levels are
      predicted by using a programmable calculator. Predictions are based on a one
      compartment, open model with first-order absorption. The actual times of dosing
      are considered, so that the assumption of a constant dosing interval is not
      required. A brief analysis of the pharmacokinetic consequences that may result
      from a variable dosage frequency is presented.

PMID- 6839964
TI  - The use of protein therapy for drug overdose.

PMID- 6839965
TI  - Comment on DEHP toxicity.

PMID- 6839966
TI  - Predicting success of pharmacy students in basic science and clinical clerkship
      courses.
AB  - A number of studies on the ability of admissions variables to predict success in
      pharmacy schools have examined only success in the first professional year, which
      typically consists primarily of basic science courses. This study examined not
      only grades in basic science courses but also performance on clinical clerkships,
      for two classes of students. It also examined the ability of various personality
      variables to predict performance in clinical and basic science coursework.
      Previous grade point average (GPA) was the best single predictor of performance.
      In one class, the personality variable of Responsibility best predicted clinical
      clerkship performance. However, it only accounted for 13 percent of the variance
      in clerkship grades. Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) Biology and PCAT
      Verbal Ability scores added to the predictive ability of previous GPA in one
      class, but none of the PCAT scales entered a prediction equation for the other
      class. The limitations on our ability to predict, with any consistency, academic
      performance in pharmacy school is discussed.

PMID- 6839967
TI  - Etretinate (Tigason) for skin disease.

PMID- 6839968
TI  - Distalgesic and its equivalents: time for action.

PMID- 6839970
TI  - Treatment in the first 12 hours of stroke.

PMID- 6839969
TI  - Co-trifamole (Co-Fram).

PMID- 6839972
TI  - [Hemodynamics in ventricular and atrioventricular sequential stimulation in
      patients with bradycardia arrhythmias. Is differentiated stimulation
      meaningful?].
AB  - In order to assess the effects of on-time atrial contraction on haemodynamics,
      the appropriate investigations were done in 16 patients with bradycardic
      arrhythmias before and two weeks after implantation of a pacemaker. Eight
      patients received a ventricular stimulating pacemaker (group A) and eight a
      sequentially stimulating atrioventricular pacemaker (group B). Haemodynamic data
      of both groups were identical before implantation of the pacemaker. After
      implantation the cardiac index in group A rose only slightly, whereas group B
      demonstrated a significant increase (P less than 0.001). Stroke volume decreased
      by 36% in group A, whereas the mean did not change in group B compared to
      baseline data. Both arteriolar pulmonary resistance and peripheral vascular
      resistance decreased more in group B, both parameters were significantly lower
      after pacemaker implantation than in group A. Thus patients with ventricular
      pacemaker stimulation benefit less haemodynamically than patients with
      atrioventricular sequential stimulation.

PMID- 6839971
TI  - [Skin diphtheria].

PMID- 6839973
TI  - [Electrocardiogram and M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of chronic
      transmural infarct. Correlations and determination of the accuracy of both
      methods based on quantitative levocardiography].
AB  - In a comparative study of 121 consecutive patients who had had coronary
      angiography for coronary heart disease, the diagnostic informations obtained by M
      mode echocardiography and electrocardiography in chronic transmural infarction
      were compared. Wall excursion by echocardiography did not allow sufficient
      separation of normal and asynergic segments. Changes in systolic wall thickness,
      on the other hand, provided satisfactory sensitivity and good specificity in the
      recognition of segmental contraction disorders: posterior wall thickening of 0.64
      and 0.76, respectively, septal thickening of 0.45 and 0.91, respectively. In 53%
      of patients the ECG and echocardiogram provided findings similar to those by
      angiography. False-positive findings occurred in 10% of electrocardiograms, 14%
      of echocardiograms. False-negative findings in the ECG occurred in 13%, in the
      echocardiogram in 25%. Both methods combined had a specificity of nearly 100%
      with regard to the diagnosis of posterior-wall and anterior-wall infarction, and
      a positive predictive value of 0.92 (posterior) and 0.93 (anterior wall
      infarction). M-mode echocardiography and ECG findings provide reliable diagnosis
      of both the anterior and posterior wall chronic transmural infarction.

PMID- 6839975
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance. A new diagnostic method in medicine].

PMID- 6839974
TI  - [Long-term hemodynamic results of bifocal pacemaker stimulation].
AB  - Before and during the half year after implantation of a bifocal cardiac pacemaker
      haemodynamic investigations were done in 16 patients using various stimulations.
      Compared with ventricular stimulation bifocal pacemaker treatment resulted in an
      increase of cardiac ejection by 31%, the optimal AV-time being between 150 and
      200 ms. Maximum benefit was obtained in patients with primary decreased cardiac
      index (less than 2.50 l/min X m2). In these patients the increase of cardiac
      index during atrial stimulation compared to ventricular stimulation was 43%. In
      pre-existing sinus bradycardia left-ventricular ejection fraction was
      significantly increased despite lowering of enddiastolic filling pressure both at
      rest and during bicycle ergometry. These positive haemodynamic changes were
      demonstrable unaltered 6 months after pacemaker implantation.

PMID- 6839978
TI  - [Preoperative diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases. Reliability of sonography
      and computer tomography].
AB  - In a retrospective study the reliability of ultrasound and computed tomography
      was compared and evaluated using the subsequent intraoperative findings. The
      analysis comprised ultrasound and computed tomography data of 111 consecutive
      patients in whom both investigations were performed within one week and whose
      diagnoses could be ascertained intraoperatively within two weeks. The correct
      diagnosis was made preoperatively in 80 out of 111 patients by ultrasound
      (sensitivity 72%) and in 95 out of 111 patients by computed tomography
      (sensitivity 85%). The results show that computed tomography is superior to
      ultrasound in preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal diseases (P less than
      0.025). In particular, liver and adrenal tumours and diseases of the air-filled
      gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed more reliably preoperatively by computed
      tomography than by ultrasound.

PMID- 6839976
TI  - [Are there too many pacemakers implanted in West Germany?].

PMID- 6839977
TI  - [Chronic erythema migrans and tick-transmitted meningopolyneuritis (Garin
      Bujadoux-Bannwarth): Borrelia infections?].
AB  - Antibodies against Borrelia duttoni using indirect immunofluorescence could be
      demonstrated in 6 patients with erythema chronicum migrans and in 8 persons with
      tick-borne meningopolyneuritis. Significant increases of IgG and IgM antibody
      titres in the course of the disease and IgG antibodies in the CSF indicate recent
      contact with Borrelia duttoni or a closely related agent. Demonstration by
      fluorescence serology of spirochaetaceae in Ixodes ricinus in two sites of
      infection equally indicate such an aetiology. The immunofluorescence test for
      patient sera used here improves the diagnosis of erythema chronicum migrans
      infection and of its various organ manifestations. Results are similar to those
      in Lyme disease in the United States.

PMID- 6839979
TI  - [Intraoperative complications in the implantation of permanent pacemakers].
AB  - Intraoperative complications occurring during 2323 pacemaker implantations were
      analysed. The most frequent complications were arrhythmias in the form of
      ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Ventricular perforation with the
      stimulatory probe was observed in 0.21%. Vascular lesions, pneumothorax and
      pulmonary arterial embolism were extremely rare complications. The intraoperative
      mortality of all operations, done within 11 years, was 0.13%.

PMID- 6839980
TI  - [Therapy of neurologic disorders after whiplash injuries of the cervical spine].

PMID- 6839983
TI  - [Acute liver failure in abdominal Wilson's disease in early adulthood].
AB  - The acute abdominal form of Wilsons's disease was observed in three female
      patients aged 17, 18 and 30 years. Clinically uncharacteristic general symptoms
      and jaundice were dominant. Chemical pathology showed high bilirubin values with
      predominance of direct bilirubin, signs of hepatic and renal insufficiency and
      haemolytic anaemia. There were no neurologic symptoms and the Kayser-Fleischer
      ring was absent. Coeruloplasmin in blood was normal, copper concentration in
      blood and urine was clearly increased. Diagnosis of Wilsons's disease could only
      be established at post mortem by quantitative copper estimation in liver tissue.
      The patients succumbed 1--4 weeks after onset of symptoms through hepatic
      failure.

PMID- 6839981
TI  - [Lupus nephritis. When, how and with what should it be treated?].

PMID- 6839982
TI  - [Determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for predicting the success
      of therapy in metastatic breast cancer].
AB  - In 53 patients with metastatic breast cancer and increased CEA serum levels
      (greater than 10 micrograms/l) the CEA titer within the first 8 weeks after
      commencement of chemotherapy was compared with results of therapy. Among 30
      patients in whom CEA values had decreased by at least 30% of pretreatment values
      12 showed remission, 15 no change and 3 progression of the malignancy. Among 23
      patients with unchanged or increasing CEA values during therapy 19 had
      progression, 3 an arrest and one a remission of the disease. In the one patient
      with remission the course of the disease was unusual inasmuch as the CEA value
      increased to 240 micrograms/l serum and liver metastases regressed excessively at
      the same time. This lead to the assumption of CEA release by tumour necrosis
      during therapy. The results suggest that in metastatic breast cancer and
      increased CEA values remission generally cannot be expected should the CEA value
      remain unchanged or rise within the first 8 weeks after initiation of treatment.
      In contrast, a decrease of CEA within that time may be considered a
      prognostically favourable sign which, however, does not mean clinically relevant
      reduction of tumour size in every case. For evaluation of treatment sufficient
      precision of CEA determinations must be guaranteed.

PMID- 6839984
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation in low-dose heparin
      prophylaxis].
AB  - During postoperative prophylaxis of thrombosis using subcutaneous low-dose
      heparin thrombocytopenia and consumption coagulopathy without manifest
      haemorrhage were observed in a female patient with gynaecologic problems on the
      tenth postoperative day. Using gel-electrophoresis, demonstration of cross-linked
      fibrin derivatives, which occur only after contact with thrombin, was proof that
      disseminated intravascular coagulation must have been present. Cancellation of
      heparin prophylaxis was sufficient for regression of the haemostatic disorder.
      Platelet function tests performed two months later showed as the only
      reproducible abnormality that the patient's plasma caused inhibition of
      desaggregation of normal platelets only when heparin was present. The remarkably
      close chronologic connection of heparin prophylaxis with thrombocytopenia and
      consumption coagulopathy suggests a possible causal connection. However, at
      present the possibly heterogeneous aetiology cannot be explained satisfactorily.

PMID- 6839985
TI  - [Myocardial infarct during ergotamine medication in a young man with normal
      coronary arteries].
AB  - Normal coronary vessels and an akinetic anterolateral wall segment were found in
      a 24-year-old patient on angiography 10 months after a clinically established
      myocardial infarction. As the patient had been on a high-dosage medication with
      ergotamine for two years and as all risk factors for coronary sclerosis as well
      as evidence of other cardiac diseases were lacking, it seems appropriate to
      assume that myocardial ischaemia had been caused by coronary spasms.

PMID- 6839986
TI  - [Phenylketonuria screening: false-positive and false-negative results].

PMID- 6839987
TI  - [Vasospastic reactions to heparin-dihydergot].

PMID- 6839988
TI  - ["On-demand" analgesia. A new attempt at improving pain therapy].

PMID- 6839989
TI  - [Irreversible neurologic injuries in lithium therapy].
AB  - Severe lithium intoxication and irreversible neurologic damage was observed in
      two patients during long-term treatment with lithium salts. In one case
      intoxication was caused by overdosage, in the other an acute febrile disorder was
      pathogenetically relevant. Both patients had previously tolerated treatment with
      lithium without problems thus leading to underestimation of the risk of
      intoxication. Besides medical control of treatment by assessment of serum levels
      patients should be particularly informed about early symptoms of intoxication and
      critical situations facilitating occurrence of an intoxication.

PMID- 6839990
TI  - [Unusual fatal late complication after aortic valve replacement].
AB  - A Bjork-Shiley valve was totally torn and embolised into the abdominal aorta in a
      41-year-old man from the initial aortic position. Heavy thrombotic masses
      arrested the valve disc in a quarter-maximal opening position. Sutures were
      intact and adhered to the valve ring. Bacterial endocarditis could not be
      demonstrated. Probably the increasing pressure gradient had led to tearing of
      connective tissue in progressive valve thrombosis followed by embolisation of the
      valve.

PMID- 6839991
TI  - [Indications for arthroscopy].

PMID- 6839992
TI  - [Retroperitoneal fibroses].

PMID- 6839993
TI  - [Diplopia as an initial symptom of intracranial tumors].
AB  - Among 716 patients with intracranial blastomatous changes 74 showed diplopia as a
      consequence of involvement of the oculomotorius, trochlearis or (and) the
      abducens nerve. Diplopia as primary symptom of disease was observed in 20 cases.
      Patients with isolated initial diplopia were on average 10 years younger than
      patients where diplopia occurred only in the further course of the tumour. There
      were no preceding other diseases demonstrable in patients with initial diplopia.
      Papilloedema did not occur significantly more frequently in them than in patients
      with diplopia as secondary symptom. In rare cases latency between occurrence of
      diplopia and further symptoms may be months to two years. For this reason exact
      neurologic and ophthalmologic follow-up controls, particularly in young patients
      with isolated persistent diplopia, are required.

PMID- 6839995
TI  - [Sonographic diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome].
AB  - In a 28-year-old female patient a diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome was
      established post partum on the basis of characteristic ultrasonographic findings.
      The results permit establishment of the syndrome in the early phase of the
      disease. Early diagnosis of hepatic vein occlusion is particularly important
      because directed therapeutic regimes may lead to revascularisation of hepatic
      veins and may thus prevent liver cell necrosis and subsequent hepatic failure.

PMID- 6839994
TI  - [Immunogenetics of myasthenia gravis. Significance of HLA-, complement and Cm
      gene systems for clinical and immunologic parameters].
AB  - In 82 non-related patients with myasthenia gravis the following immunogenetic
      marker systems were investigated: HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR antigens, complement
      polymorphisms for Bf, C3 and C4 as well as immunoglobulin allotypes G1m, G3m and
      Km. In 78 patients the level of circulating acetylcholin receptor autoantibody
      was measured. The HLA antigens showed no significant differences in frequency
      when compared with healthy controls. This was also true for the HLA-bound Bf and
      C4 polymorphism, the non-HLA-bound C3 polymorphism and the immunoglobulin
      allotypes. A significant (P less than 0.005) increase in heterozygote frequency
      of 39.7% in the Gm allotype combination G1m (1), (17); (3) when compared with an
      expected frequency as calculated from the gene frequency of 19.8% was found. HLA
      B8 and/or HLA-DR3 positive myasthenia gravis patients showed a significantly (P
      less than 0.025 and less than 0.005) earlier average onset of the disease whereas
      in HLA-DR2 positive patients the average onset was later (P less than 0.05). The
      same HLA antigens correlated with quantitative differences in the acetylcholine
      receptor autoantibodies: HLA-B8 and/or -DR3 positive patients had on average
      higher antibody levels than HLA-B8 or -DR3-negative patients. The difference for
      HLA-DR3 was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). On the other hand
      patients with HLA-DR2 antigens had significantly lower antibody levels (P less
      than 0.025). Increased mean antibody levels were also seen in G1m(1), (17)
      allotype (P less than 0.005) and G3m(21) (P less than 0.05). As the HLA antigens
      and Gm allotype genes are situated on different chromosomes (C6 and C14) two
      distinct gene regions are identified in myasthenia gravis. These are associated
      with quantitative differences in acetylcholine receptor antibody titres.

PMID- 6839996
TI  - [Diagnosis of osteoporosis].

PMID- 6839997
TI  - [Importance of the colon as a utilizer of energy].

PMID- 6839998
TI  - [Intraoperative sonography].

PMID- 6840000
TI  - [Compliance studies: factor analysis study on non-compliance].
AB  - The repeatedly described influence variables of the compliance of hypertensive
      patients were assessed in 195 patients and 101 medical doctors using a
      questionnaire. Subsequent factor analysis showed five essential influence
      criteria for non-compliance: "drug dilemma" (reduced drug-compliance through
      confounding of patients), "ignored independence and impeded patient
      responsibility" (as cause of insufficient information and organisation),
      "hypochondriac belief in medicine" (readiness to undergo treatment without active
      contribution towards improvement of disease, particularly in assumed increased
      proneness to disease), "prescription-happy mentality" (exaggerated trust in drugs
      of doctors), and "cognitive and emotional excess demands" (insufficient
      understandability and retainability of advice, too many recommendations at once.

PMID- 6839999
TI  - [Studies on the systemic features of autonomic diabetic neuropathy].
AB  - Thirty diabetics with peripheral neuropathy underwent complex assessment of
      autonomic nervous disorders of seven different organ systems. Functional analysis
      was done of the cardiovascular system (respiratory arrhythmia at rest and during
      regulated breathing, 3rd order waves of cardiac frequency and of arterial mean
      pressure, active and passive orthostasis), pupillary regulation (infra-red
      pupillography), peripheral vasomotor regulation (skin temperature) and
      sudomotorics (psychogalvanic skin reflex). Involvement of the genitourinary
      system, of stomach and intestine was evaluated by clinical criteria. Twelve
      diabetics showed signs of autonomic neuropathy in four to six, eight patients in
      three organ systems. The amplitudes of respiratory arrhythmia during regulated
      breathing, spectral analytic evaluation of cardiac frequency waves of 3rd order
      and cardiac frequency immediate reaction during orthostasis were particularly
      indicative. The demonstrated disturbance of conduction of centrally generated
      cardiac frequency waves of 3rd order and the diminished amplitudes of the
      spontaneous rhythms of acral skin temperatures complement the previously known
      symptomatology of autonomic diabetic neuropathy. The systemic character of
      autonomic diabetic neuropathy objectivated by the investigations indicates a
      metabolic pathogenesis.

PMID- 6840003
TI  - [Safety of hepatitis B vaccine].

PMID- 6840001
TI  - [Closed intracardiac cardioversion in therapy resistant atrial flutter].
AB  - Cardiac frequency could not be lowered in a 62-year-old patient with atrial
      flutter and 2:1 conduction. Using an electrode catheter positioned in the His
      bundle area an electric current of 80 Ws was effected. A third-degree
      atrioventricular block developed which regressed after 6 hours. The
      electrophysiologic assessment after one week showed a marked diminution of AV
      node conduction capacity.

PMID- 6840004
TI  - [Once more: advertising by health practitioners].

PMID- 6840005
TI  - [The risk of brain injuries in first and later born children].

PMID- 6840006
TI  - [Adrenaline in the treatment of severe bronchial asthma].

PMID- 6840002
TI  - [Ultrasonically guided fine needle biopsy for the diagnosis of pancreatic
      cancer].

PMID- 6840007
TI  - [Calcium antagonists in cardiac therapy].

PMID- 6840008
TI  - [Monitoring of cardiac function during doxorubicin therapy in metastasized breast
      cancer. Measuring systolic time interval].
AB  - Assessment of systolic time interval represents an uncomplicated, sufficiently
      precise and cheap possibility in clinical practice of cardiac monitoring during
      treatment with doxorubicin (adriamycin) if the ratio between pre-ejection period
      interval (PEPI) and left ventricular ejection time interval (LVETI) ("Weissler
      index") for evaluation of left ventricular cardiac function is used. In an
      investigation of 352 female patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast
      statistically ascertained dose-response relationships could be established as
      regards electrocardiographic disorders of repolarisation and the systolic time
      interval (P less than 0.001). Pre-irradiated patients showed more ECG changes (P
      less than 0.001) and higher PEPI : LVETI values (P less than 0.001) than patients
      without prior irradiation. There was no general influence of cytostatic treatment
      on systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. The upper limit of a therapeutic
      risk in evaluation of the systolic time interval for cardiac monitoring of
      doxorubicin treatment should be 0.45-0.50 for PEPI : LVETI. Above this borderline
      value precise cardiac evaluation including invasive methods should be attempted
      if continuation of treatment is indicated. This regime could help prevent the
      occurrence of life-threatening cardiac crises during treatment with doxorubicin.

PMID- 6840009
TI  - [Thrombocyte function in vasomotor and migraine headaches].
AB  - The number of circulating platelet aggregates was assessed using a modification
      of the method of Wu and Hoak. The index for the number of circulating aggregates
      was 1.04 +/- 0.12 for 35 healthy probands aged 35 +/- 11 years and was different
      from the index of 25 patients with vasomotor headache aged 37 +/- 14 years of 1.1
      +/- 0.14 (P less than 0.1). The number of circulating platelet aggregates with an
      index of 1.38 +/- 0.24 was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in 48
      migraine patients aged 36 +/- 12 years.

PMID- 6840010
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome].
AB  - The hypereosinophilic syndrome is of a systemic nature. There are connections
      with collagenoses as well as with leukaemias. In a 25-year-old patient the
      disease was characterised by involvement of lungs, skin, muscle and the
      peripheral nervous system. An immune complex glomerulonephritis demonstrated by
      biopsy showed the definite immunological origin of the disease.

PMID- 6840012
TI  - [Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6840011
TI  - [Acute interstitial nephritis caused by drugs].
AB  - Within 30 months the diagnosis of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis was
      made in ten patients with acute onset of renal failure of clinically unknown
      cause. Allergenic substances were discovered to be antibiotics, pyrazol and indol
      derivatives, piromidic acid and chlorazanil. In contrast to the known course of
      methicillin nephritis the clinical signs were undramatic. Non-oliguric renal
      failure predominated, sometimes with leucocyturia, microhaematuria and moderate
      proteinuria. Intermittent haemodialysis was necessary in half the cases. Renal
      function developed favourably without further specific treatment, however, plasma
      creatinine did not return to normal levels in most cases. Percutaneous renal
      biopsy was the definitive diagnostic step. Indications for biopsy in cases of
      unclear acute renal failure should thus be handled liberally in order to prevent
      continued drug exposure with the danger of irreversible renal failure.

PMID- 6840014
TI  - [Amyloidosis in Crohn disease].

PMID- 6840013
TI  - [Therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 6840016
TI  - [Cerebrovascular insult following accidental puncturing of the carotid artery].

PMID- 6840015
TI  - [Expert testimony in cases involving mentally deficient alcoholics].

PMID- 6840017
TI  - Nausea and vomiting as major complications of cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Significant advances in the treatment of certain disseminated malignancies have
      been accompanied by an increased awareness of the consequences of inadequate
      antiemetic therapy. Nausea and vomiting are predisposing factors to patient non
      compliance with treatment regimens and impose mental and physical suffering that
      diminishes the quality of life. The extent of medical complications associated
      with vomiting depends on its severity and duration and can include oesophageal
      tears, bone fractures, malnutrition and major metabolic derangements. The
      pharmacological management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is
      influenced by the aetiology and mechanism as well as whether therapy is to take
      place in the hospital or outpatient setting. No single drug is successful in all
      cases. Side effects due to antiemetic drugs also limit their usefulness. Major
      treatment alternatives at present include the phenothiazines, antihistamines,
      benzquinamide derivatives, butyrophenones such as haloperidol, the dopamine
      receptor antagonist domperidone, and metoclopramide. Cannabinoids, particularly
      delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and nabilone have stimulated considerable research
      interest. Studies of the role of high dose corticosteroids either alone or in
      combination with other antiemetics have also been undertaken. Newer
      chemotherapeutic regimens are more emetic than in the past. Inadequate management
      of nausea and vomiting is deleterious to the health and well-being of patients
      and any delay in providing an aggressive therapeutic approach aggravates the
      problem. This symposium is designed to provide some answers to this therapeutic
      problem.

PMID- 6840018
TI  - The gastrointestinal tract in chemotherapy-induced emesis. A final common
      pathway.

PMID- 6840020
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 6840019
TI  - The pharmacology and clinical effectiveness of phenothiazines and related drugs
      for managing chemotherapy-induced emesis.

PMID- 6840022
TI  - Methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 6840021
TI  - Solvent toxicity: isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol.

PMID- 6840023
TI  - Cocaine toxicity.

PMID- 6840024
TI  - Phencyclidine intoxication.

PMID- 6840025
TI  - Antidepressant overdose.

PMID- 6840026
TI  - Hemoperfusion and hemodialysis of poisons.

PMID- 6840027
TI  - [Endoscopic papillotomy in East Germany].
AB  - Through a survey 751 patients, in whom an endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) had been
      tried, were registered to the end of 1981. EPT was technically successful in 695
      cases (92,5%). Control investigations were available for 650 patients, the aim of
      therapy being achieved in 594 cases (91,4%). The main indication was
      choledocholithiasis, 90,2%--among them 10% with gallbladder in situ--followed by
      benign papillary stenosis without stones (5,9%), carcinoma of the Vaterian
      papilla (3,2%) and rare indications such as ascaridiasis, choledochocele and
      stones of the pancreatic duct (0,7%). 53 patients suffered from more serious
      complications (7,6%), 18 had to be operated on (2,6%), and 7 patients died due to
      EPT (1%). The results are in agreement with those of other statistics from
      various countries.

PMID- 6840028
TI  - [Problems of circulation in and after selective proximal vagotomy].
AB  - After vagotomy the perfusion of the stomach may be reduced. Therefore vagotomy is
      contraindicated in preoperative disturbances of the perfusion following
      arteriosclerosis (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, old age) or an operation in
      the upper abdomen (e.g. splenectomy). Attention should be paid to perfusion in
      the cases of surgical events in the upper abdomen after vagotomy (e.g.
      splenectomy, hemigastrectomy, pancreatectomy). In the necrosis of the minor curve
      after highly selective vagotomy the hemigastrectomy is better then a suture only.

PMID- 6840030
TI  - [Biochemical studies on the pathogenesis of celiac disease].

PMID- 6840029
TI  - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of malabsorption].
AB  - The classical symptoms of malabsorption syndrome are diarrhea, steatorrhea,
      weight loss, and fatigue. Tetany, ecchymosis, anorexia, bone pain, pallor, muscle
      wasting, hyperpigmentation, apathy, digital clubbing, abdominal distention which
      contrasts in view of the reduced common statement are other signs of
      malabsorption. Long before the onset of these symptoms there may be a disinterest
      in regular daily activities often associated with the passage of three soft
      stools per day and with the remarkable sign of difficulties in flushing bulky
      stools. Anamnesia, clinical examination in connection with common laboratory
      findings, small intestinal x-rays and endoscopic investigations associated with
      biopsies of the small (and large) bowel as well as estimation of stool fat
      excretion, xylose- and Schilling-test allow the diagnosis in most of the cases.

PMID- 6840031
TI  - [Morphologic studies on the occurrence of HBs antigen in liver cirrhoses,
      epicirrhotic and pure cancers in a large autopsy sample].
AB  - 1063 hepatic cirrhoses, 138 epicirrhotic carcinomas, and 138 carcinomas without
      cirrhosis from the autopsy material of the Dresden region obtained from 1970 to
      1979 were examined for the occurrence of HBsAg by means of reclassification and
      after-staining of the documented section material with orcein staining according
      to Shikata. The portion of the post-B-hepatic cirrhoses of the liver was 95 (8.9
      per cent of the total material). In epicirrhotic carcinomas a HBsAg-containing
      cirrhotic portion was identified in 14 cases (10.1 per cent), whereas hepatic
      tissue of carcinomas without cirrhosis never showed HBsAg. A relation between the
      activity degree of the hepatic cirrhosis and the quantity and distribution of
      HBsAg could not be established. The found out numbers (about equally frequent
      occurrence of HBsAg in hepatic cirrhosis and epicirrhotic carcinomas, no
      identification in the hepatic tissue of carcinomas without cirrhosis) reveal that
      the thesis of a hepatocarcinogenic effect of the hepatitis B virus cannot be
      supported by the histologic identification of HBsAg in our investigational
      material. The possibility of confusion of ground-glass hepatocytes with liver
      oncocytes in the HE-stained section material of the autopsy material is pointed
      out.

PMID- 6840032
TI  - EEG patterns in cerebral tumors with or without edema.

PMID- 6840033
TI  - Mathematical models of the extracellular potentials generated by excitable fibres
      in a volume conductor.

PMID- 6840034
TI  - Motor conduction velocity and H-reflex in prematures with very short gestational
      age.

PMID- 6840036
TI  - Electromyography of the two heads of external pterygoid muscle via the intra-oral
      route.

PMID- 6840035
TI  - Electrophysiological study in hemiparetic patients. Electromyography, motor
      conduction velocity, and response to repetitive nerve stimulation.

PMID- 6840037
TI  - Mathematical analysis of the mechanisms of conductance along excitable fibres in
      the recovery cycle.

PMID- 6840038
TI  - Somatosensory and visual evoked potentials in human aging.

PMID- 6840039
TI  - Influence of the changes in the velocity of spreading of the action potential on
      the distribution of the level of depolarization along an excitable fibre.

PMID- 6840041
TI  - Difference in latencies of muscle activation on left and right sides of the face
      during smiling.

PMID- 6840040
TI  - Estimation of the action potential conduction velocity in human skeletal muscle
      using the surface EMG cross-correlation technique.

PMID- 6840042
TI  - Timing of peak velocity in saccades.

PMID- 6840043
TI  - Somatosensory evoked responses obtained after stimulation of the pelvic and
      pudendal nerves.

PMID- 6840044
TI  - A comparison of six methods of extracting elastin residue from hamster lungs.
AB  - Elastin was extracted from homogenized lungs by six commonly used methods.
      Results were expressed as micrograms of elastin per milligrams of fat-free dry
      weight of lung tissue. Relative purity of extracted elastin residue was assessed
      by amino acid analysis. Relative intactness of extracted residue was assessed by
      a degradation index utilizing a combination of N-terminal analysis and amino acid
      analysis. Results indicate that of the six methods compared, none is ideal in
      terms of purity and intactness of the resultant product extracted from lung
      tissue. In general, harsher methods produce a pure but degraded product, whereas
      milder methods produce a product that is intact but contaminated. In conclusion,
      most currently available methods of extracting elastin from tissues appear poorly
      suited to extracting it from lung tissue. However, the Starcher method yields a
      product as pure as that obtained by the Lansing procedure and one almost as
      intact as that obtained by the least degradative methods.

PMID- 6840045
TI  - The role of mast cells in asthma.
AB  - Mast cells store or generate a number of substances, such as histamine,
      leukotrienes, specific chemotactic factors, and proteases, which have potent
      inflammatory effects. Mast cells are present in mammalian lung in the bronchial
      wall, in the epithelium itself, and in airway lumens. Evidence implicating mast
      cells in the induction of airway muscle constriction and mucosal inflammation
      includes direct studies of mast cell secretion, measurement of histamine release,
      and inhibition of asthmatic reactions with antihistamines and with the inhibitor
      of mast cell degranulation, sodium cromoglycate. Definitive evaluation of the
      role of the mast cell in asthma remains elusive, in part because of the general
      hyperactivity of airway smooth muscle in asthmatics.

PMID- 6840046
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical observations of respiratory epithelium and
      gland.
AB  - Secretory products of epithelial cells of the human respiratory tract have been
      studied biochemically and by a variety of histochemical methods for
      differentiating and characterizing complex carbohydrates at the light and
      electron microscopic level. By light microscopy a majority of mucous secretory
      cells of the surface epithelium secret glycoprotein with terminal sialic acid,
      penultimate galactose residues, and variable sulfate esters. Ultrastructurally
      the mucous cells of the surface epithelium vary within and between regions of the
      respiratory tree and comprise a heterogeneous population of cells differing in
      the fine structure and cytochemistry of their secretory granules. Serous tubules
      and demilunes in glands of the lamina propria produce a secretion that contains
      less carbohydrate than that in the nearby mucous cells, resembles the latter in
      content of sulfate esters, and differs in having little or no sialic acid and no
      terminal or penultimate galactose. Mucous tubules produce a carbohydrate-rich
      secretion containing glycoconjugate with terminal sialic acids, penultimate
      galactose residues, and a variable degree of sulfation like the glycoconjugate of
      surface mucous cells. Heterogeneity of cells can be demonstrated in the serous
      and mucous tubules by ultrastructural, morphologic, and cytochemical methods.

PMID- 6840047
TI  - Control and modulation of airway epithelial cells and their secretions.
AB  - Information on the control and modulation of airway epithelial cells and their
      secretion is obtained by three techniques: 1) in vivo studies of animal models of
      disease, 2) in vitro studies by organ culture of human and animal model airways,
      and 3) chemical analysis of human and animal bronchial secretion. The
      contribution of each of these techniques is described in this paper, including
      recent or new information. In vivo models of mucous hypersecretion can be
      produced by irritants, infection, and drugs more quickly than previously
      expected. In the rat, beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are present with evidence of
      different activity in various airway regions. Organ culture studies combine
      autoradiographic analysis of cell activity with chemical analysis of secretory
      product, and describe inhibitory effect of new agents such as VIP. The
      application of density-gradient ultracentrifugation gives total recovery of
      undegraded macromolecules from bronchial mucus; it is now possible to recover
      mucous glycoprotein of molecular weight larger than that previously isolated. The
      organ culture studies and density-gradient ultracentrifugation studies indicate
      that a proteoglycan is a significant constituent of total bronchial secretion.
      Differences between diseases are emerging in the macromolecular partitioning
      between sol and gel obtained at 160,000 X g, a higher speed than that previously
      applied systematically in such studies.

PMID- 6840050
TI  - Red blood cell galactokinase activity and presenile cataracts.
AB  - Red blood cell galactokinase activity was measured in 70 patients with cataracts
      to assess a possible correlation between galactokinase activity levels and risk
      of cataract development. Among all, 15 patients developed cataracts during the
      first year of life, 25 patients under the age of 50 and 30 later in life. No
      cases of total or partial galactokinase deficiency were found. These results,
      taken together with the absence of cataracts in 9 patients with partial
      galactokinase deficiency render less certain the cause and effect relationship
      between partial galactokinase deficiency and the appearance of cataracts.

PMID- 6840051
TI  - Isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase in fetal rat liver. Their correlation with
      blood oxygen concentrations.
AB  - The percentages of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isozyme 4 (LDH4) was twice
      that of LDH5 in fetal rat liver on day 17 of gestation. The proportion of LDH5
      and LDH4 reached approximately the same percentage (46% of each) on days 17-20 of
      gestation. On day 21, the percentage of LDH4 increased sharply at the expense of
      LDH5. Fetal blood oxygen concentrations increased on day 21 of gestation, but
      decreased later near parturition. Positive and negative linear correlations
      occurred during late gestation between concentrations of blood oxygen and LDH4
      and LDH5 activities, respectively. These results suggest that the proportion of
      LDH5 and LDH4 in fetal rat liver may vary according to the amount of oxygen
      available to the tissue.

PMID- 6840048
TI  - Immune functions of murine alveolar macrophages: binding of lymphocytes and
      support of lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - Interactions between alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes may be important in the
      generation of pulmonary immune responses or in the induction of immunologic lung
      disease. We compared the relative abilities of normal murine alveolar macrophages
      and peritoneal macrophages to bind primed lymphocytes and to support antigen
      induced lymphocyte proliferation. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by lung
      lavage and peritoneal macrophages by peritoneal lavage of normal mice. Lymph-node
      cells were harvested from draining lymph nodes of mice immunized with the peptide
      antigen (T,G)-A-L. Lymph-node cells were depleted of macrophages by passage
      through columns of Sephadex G-10 and nylon wool. To study the binding of
      lymphocytes to macrophages, lymph-node cells were layered over antigen-pulsed
      alveolar and peritoneal macrophage monolayers and the number of lymphocytes bound
      to the macrophages counted microscopically after incubation for 1-20 hr.
      Macrophage support of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was studied by 3H
      thymidine uptake of macrophage-depleted primed lymph-node cells cultured in the
      presence of soluble antigen. Cultures were repleted with graded percentages of
      alveolar or peritoneal macrophages. The results showed that alveolar macrophages
      bound significantly fewer lymphocytes than peritoneal macrophages both in a
      nonspecific and an antigen-specific manner. The difference in lymphocyte-binding
      affinity between the two macrophage types could not be attributed to factors
      present in lung lavage fluid. Results of the lymphocyte proliferation studies
      showed that while alveolar macrophages were able to support lymphocyte
      proliferation in response to antigen, they did so less effectively than an equal
      number of peritoneal macrophages. We conclude that alveolar macrophages differ
      significantly from peritoneal macrophages in their ability to interact with
      lymphocytes, both with respect to lymphocyte binding and in support of lymphocyte
      proliferative responses.

PMID- 6840049
TI  - A kininase and a kinin-converting enzyme: two distinct alpha aminoacyl peptide
      hydrolases from bovine lung.
AB  - Two closely related but different aminopeptidases from bovine lung have been
      isolated and characterized. The first aminopeptidase, which removes the N
      terminal arginine residue from L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-proline, bradykinin, and des
      [Arg9]-bradykinin, has kininase activity; it has a pH optimum of 8.0, is
      stimulated by Mn2+, and its molecular weight in dilute buffers is slightly
      greater than 240,000 daltons. The second aminopeptidase, which converts kallidin
      to bradykinin, has kinin-converting activity; it has a pH optimum of 6.8, is
      stimulated by Co2+, and its molecular weight in dilute buffers is 250,000
      daltons. The kinin-converting enzyme is blocked from action when the N-terminal
      penultimate residue is proline.

PMID- 6840052
TI  - Ergonomics in the United Kingdom. Another crossroads.

PMID- 6840053
TI  - Thermal reaction and manual performance during cold exposure while wearing cold
      protective clothing.

PMID- 6840054
TI  - Physiological responses to load holding and load carriage.

PMID- 6840055
TI  - Scheduling work and rest for the hot ambient conditions with radiant heat source.

PMID- 6840056
TI  - Rotavirus infections in a pediatric clinic.

PMID- 6840057
TI  - Routine bioluminescence urine screening.

PMID- 6840058
TI  - Hepatitis A virus infection. Summary of discussion and statement of opinions on
      selected issues at an international workshop.

PMID- 6840060
TI  - Enzyme Nomenclature. Recommendations 1978. Supplement 4: corrections and
      additions.

PMID- 6840059
TI  - Iron and host defence.

PMID- 6840063
TI  - 2-thioriboflavin 5'-phosphate (2-thio-FMN) lactate oxidase.
AB  - The natural flavin of lactate oxidase, FMN, was removed and replaced by the
      synthetic flavin 2-thioriboflavin 5'-phosphate (2-thio FMN). Despite the
      difference in properties of the flavins, including an oxidation-reduction
      potential some 80 mV more positive than that of normal flavin the 2-thio-FMN
      enzyme behaves in practically all respects like the native enzyme. It catalyzes
      the oxidative decarboxylation of L-lactate with almost the same efficiency as the
      native enzyme and with similar kinetic constants for individual steps in the
      catalytic pathway. It forms covalent derivatives at the flavin N(5) and C(4a)
      positions in facile photochemical reactions analogous to those of the native
      enzyme. It also forms a flavin anion radical on photoreduction with 5-deazaflavin
      as catalyst and, as with the native enzyme, this radical is stabilized remarkably
      on formation of a complex with pyruvate. The spectral properties of the neutral
      flavin radical form of 2-thioflavin are also reported, as determined by
      photochemical reduction of 2-thio-FMN flavodoxin. Like native lactate oxidase,
      the 2-thio-FMN enzyme also forms a flavin N(5)-sulfite adduct in an equilibrium
      reaction with sulfite. These results demonstrate clearly with this enzyme that
      the native flavin may be removed and replaced by an artificial flavin, without
      altering the structural integrity of the protein.

PMID- 6840062
TI  - Levels of metallothionein messenger RNA in foetal, neonatal and maternal rat
      liver.
AB  - We have used translation in vitro of hepatic polyadenylated RNA to characterize
      the levels of metallothionein mRNA in foetal, neonatal, pregnant and nulliparous
      rats. The translation products of foetal hepatic metallothionein mRNA increased
      relative to other mRNA translation products from day 18 of gestation to birth and
      attained a maximum, maintained throughout suckling, which is tenfold above 17-day
      foetal hepatic levels and fourfold above adult levels. Maternal liver
      metallothionein mRNA decreased fivefold between 17 days and 20 days of gestation,
      rose sharply immediately before birth, and was low throughout lactation.

PMID- 6840061
TI  - Metallothionein synthesis in foetal, neonatal and maternal rat liver.
AB  - The synthesis of hepatic metallothionein relative to other cytosol proteins was
      measured by [35S]cysteine incorporation in foetal, neonatal and pregnant rats.
      The relative rate of hepatic metallothionein synthesis reached a maximum in
      foetal liver on days 18-21 of gestation. Metallothionein synthesis then declined
      until weaning, when adult levels were established. The rate of metallothionein
      synthesis was greater in pregnant rats at term than in nulliparous rats. To
      determine if circulating inducing agents could play a role in the regulation of
      metallothionein synthesis in foetal liver we treated pregnant rats with inducers
      at a time prior to the normal rise in foetal liver metallothionein synthesis.
      Injections of copper, cadmium or hydrocortisone to 17-day-pregnant dams failed to
      induce foetal metallothionein synthesis. In contrast, zinc injection to the dam
      was an effective inducer in the foetuses. Maternal laparotomy (performed to
      expose the foetus for direct injection of inducers) induced foetal
      metallothionein synthesis. Metallothionein synthesis in the livers of 17-day
      gestation dams was induced by all metal injections and laparotomy but,
      surprisingly, not by hydrocortisone injection. Maternal adrenalectomy did not
      influence the subsequent normal elevation in foetal or maternal metallothionein
      synthesis. These results, in conjunction with previous reports, suggest that
      mobilization of zinc in serum during late gestation may regulate foetal and
      maternal changes in metallothionein synthesis.

PMID- 6840064
TI  - Why are two different types of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase found in
      living organisms?
AB  - Two types of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases have been reported in living
      organisms. The energy-linked transhydrogenase is found in mitochondria and in
      certain heterotrophic and photosynthesizing bacteria, while the non-energy-linked
      transhydrogenase is found in certain heterotrophic bacteria. The presence of a
      structurally similar non-energy-linked transhydrogenase in Azotobacter
      vinelandii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens is readily shown
      in extracts from these bacteria with Western (protein) blotting. This non-energy
      linked enzyme is lacking in Escherichia coli, while the presence of a
      structurally similar energy-linked enzyme in E. coli and in beef heart
      mitochondria is indicated with the Western blotting technique. Spinach (Spinacia
      oleracea) lacks the non-energy-linked transhydrogenase occurring in bacteria. The
      chloroplast enzyme ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase, which exhibits non-energy
      linked transhydrogenase activity, is immunologically distinct from the bacterial
      transhydrogenases. In order to provide a rationale for the distribution of the
      two types of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases, the steady-state degrees of
      reduction of the NADP(H) and NAD(H) pools in A. vinelandii (R'NADP(H) and
      R'NAD(H)) have been measured for cells metabolizing sucrose at a variable oxygen
      flux (phi O2). It is found that the degree of reduction of the NADP(H) pool is
      always higher than that of the NAD(H) pool (R'NADP(H) greater than R'NAD(H))
      except when phi O2 goes to zero (R'NADP(H) approximately equal to R'NAD(H)).
      Comparison of these results with literature values indicates that the inequality
      R'NADP(H) greater than R'NAD(H) is always found in a membrane-enclosed
      compartment, irrespective of the type of transhydrogenase present. This allows an
      understanding of the function of the two types of pyridine nucleotide
      transhydrogenases in vivo. The physiological role of non-energy-linked
      transhydrogenase is to catalyze the reaction NADPH + NAD+ leads to NADP+ + NADH,
      that of energy-linked transhydrogenase to catalyze the reaction NADH + NADP+
      leads to NADPH + NAD+. Since at equilibrium R'NADP(H) approximately equal to
      R'NAD(H) the inequality R'NADP(H) greater than R'NAD(H) under steady-state
      conditions explains the energy requirement in the latter reaction. The dependence
      of the non-energy-linked transhydrogenase activity of ferredoxin:NADP+
      oxidoreductase on R'NADP(H) is compared with that of A, vinelandii
      transhydrogenase. The results indicate that this activity is unlikely to be of
      physiological importance in plant chloroplasts.

PMID- 6840065
TI  - Translational competition by mRNA species encoding albumin, ferritin, haemopexin
      and globin.
AB  - Messenger RNA from rat liver was translated in a micrococcal-nuclease-treated
      reticulocyte lysate supplemented with liver tRNA. Synthesis of the liver proteins
      haemopexin, ferritin and albumin was analyzed by quantitative
      immunoprecipitation. The relative translation yield of these proteins changed as
      a function of the amount of mRNA present during protein synthesis, revealing the
      existence of translational competition between individual species of mRNA from
      the liver. The results show that the mRNA species encoding haemopexin, ferritin
      and albumin possess distinctly different abilities to compete for one or more
      critical components in translation, with competitive strength increasing in this
      order. Although on a weight basis total liver mRNA is apparently as effective a
      template for protein synthesis as is globin mRNA, the latter displays a greater
      resistance to inhibition of its translation by KCl. In analogy with the
      translation properties of alpha-globin and beta-globin mRNA [Di Segni, G., Rosen,
      H. and Kaempfer, R. (1979) Biochemistry, 18, 2847-2854], this finding suggests
      that globin mRNA possesses greater competitive strength than does total liver
      mRNA. Increasing amounts of globin mRNA competitively inhibit the translation of
      albumin and ferritin mRNA present in total liver mRNA. The competition is
      relieved by the addition of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2. Translation of
      ferritin mRNA responds more vigorously to relief by eIF-2 than does translation
      of albumin mRNA, a finding consistent with the observation that albumin mRNA
      competes more effectively than ferritin mRNA in translation. The results support
      the assumption that albumin mRNA possesses a greater affinity for eIF-2 than does
      ferritin mRNA.

PMID- 6840066
TI  - Analysis of histone H5 and globin mRNAs in chick-embryo development.
AB  - Transcripts from histone H5 and alpha and beta chicken globin genes were analysed
      in total RNA extracted from 2-6-day-old chick embryos. Denatured RNA, separated
      on gels, was transferred to either aminophenylthioether (APT) paper or to
      nitrocellulose and was detected with 32P-labelled recombinant DNA probes. Good
      resolution was achieved with methyl mercury hydroxide gels and
      aminophenylthioether transfer, allowing estimation of H5 and alpha and beta
      globin mRNA sizes. With glyoxal gels and nitrocellulose transfer, alpha and beta
      globin mRNAs were not resolved, but an increased sensitivity of detection of at
      least 10-fold was achieved. Levels of H5 and alpha globin mRNAs increased in
      parallel over 2-6 days. The appearance of definitive red cells in 6-day embryos
      was indicated by detection of adult beta globin transcripts at this stage.

PMID- 6840067
TI  - Thermotropic state transition in isolated platelet membranes studied by Raman
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The thermotropic state transition of the lipids in isolated platelet membranes
      has been studied by Raman spectroscopy in the temperature range from -3 degrees C
      to +45 degrees C using the (C-H) stretching vibrations, carotenoid(s) vibrations
      at 1530 cm-1 and 1160 cm-1, as well as the skeletal optical vibrations. 1. The
      increase of temperature causes a decrease in intensity of the 2885 cm-1 band
      relative to the 2855 cm-1 one. The evaluation of the ratio I2885/I2855 as a
      function of temperature indicates a double thermotropic state transition of
      platelet membrane lipids: the first one near 5 degrees C and the second near 17.5
      degrees C. 2. The ratio I1530/I1160 shows that the intensity variations in the
      carotenoid(s) peaks follow the second lipid transition. Thus, it seems that the
      platelet membrane carotenoid(s) might be linked to the lipids which undergo
      transition near 17.5 degrees C. 3. The spectral changes in the skeletal optical
      range suggest a considerable proportion of all trans chains in the membrane
      lipids at lower temperatures whereas gauche structures seem to be introduced at
      higher temperatures.

PMID- 6840068
TI  - Distribution of characteristic membrane proteins in granum and stroma thylakoids.
AB  - Membrane fractions obtained by ultrasonication of Vicia faba thylakoids were
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis. The polypeptide patterns
      revealed a six-times-higher ratio of the apoprotein (1) of P700 chlorophyll a
      protein to the apoprotein (2) of one of the chlorophyll a proteins in photosystem
      II in the light (stroma) fraction as compared with the heavy (grana) fraction
      indicating different distribution of the two photosystems. Additionally, the
      light fraction was clearly depleted in chlorophyll a/b apoproteins 2a and 2b of
      the light-harvesting complex and enriched in CF1 alpha and beta subunits. In
      contrast to the fairly constant ratio of the CF1 subunits the ratio of
      chlorophyll a/b apoprotein 2a/2b differed significantly between the light and
      heavy fraction suggesting a different composition for light-harvesting complex in
      stroma and grana regions of the thylakoids.

PMID- 6840069
TI  - Conformations in solution of alpha,alpha-trehalose, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha
      D-mannopyranoside, and their 1-thioglycosyl analogs, and a tentative correlation
      of their behaviour with respect to the enzyme trehalase.
AB  - The conformation in solution of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
      (alpha,alpha-trehalose, 1), alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (3)
      and their corresponding 1-thioglycosyl analogs, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio
      alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1-thio-alpha,alpha-trehalose, 2) and alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4) were established from high
      resolution 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR measurements. These experimental results are in
      good agreement with the conformations as inferred from hard-sphere calculations.
      The dihedral angles phi H and psi H are not significantly different for the O
      glycosyl disaccharides 1 and 3 compared with their 1-thioglycosyl analogs 2 and
      4; however, the internuclear H-1--H-1' and H-1--H-5' distances appear to be
      longer for 1-thiodisaccharides. This may account for the differences in
      affinities of cockchafer trehalase which have been observed. This enzyme exhibits
      less affinity for the competitive inhibitor alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D
      mannopyranoside (4) than for its O-glycosyl analog 3 (Ki 0.055 mM versus 0.0057
      mM). From the similarity in Ki between 1-thio-alpha, alpha-trehalose and alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (0.050 mM versus 0.055 mM), it is
      possible to assume a similar decrease in the enzymic affinity between the natural
      substrate (1) and the corresponding 1-thioglycosyl inhibitor (2), which can
      together be ascribed to the aforementioned difference in the conformation of the
      molecules.

PMID- 6840070
TI  - Shedding of gangliosides from calf thymocytes.
AB  - In the course of our work on calf thymus gangliosides [Dyatlovitskaya,
      Zablotskaya, Azizov & Bergelson (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 110, 475-483] we studied
      the gangliosides exfoliated from the cell surface of thymocytes. It was shown
      that calf thymocytes shed gangliosides both in vivo and in vitro. Various
      gangliosides were found to be present in high amounts both in extracellular
      plasma membrane vesicles and in the 64000 X g supernatant. The extracellular
      membrane fragments were comparatively higher in disialosyllactosylceramide and
      the 64000 X g supernatant was higher in sialosyllactosylceramide than the cells.
      Comparison of the ganglioside composition of extracellular membrane fragments,
      thymocytes and lymphocytes led us to suggest that the shedding of gangliosides
      from the surface of thymocytes may be involved in the transformation of
      immunologically incompetent cortical thymocytes into immunocompetent virgin T
      cells.

PMID- 6840071
TI  - Binding of beta-naphthyl triphosphate to human adult hemoglobin accompanying
      deoxygenation. Investigated by simultaneous measurements of fluorescence,
      absorbance and partial pressure of oxygen.
AB  - Binding of a fluorescent allosteric effector, beta-naphthyl triphosphate (beta
      NapP3), to human adult hemoglobin (HbA) at various levels of oxygen saturation
      were investigated by simultaneous measurements of fluorescence, absorbance and
      oxygen partial pressure. Amounts of beta-NapP3 bound to HbA were easily estimated
      from the fluorescence intensities of HbA solutions, because it was previously
      proved that the fluorescence of beta-NapP3 bound to HbA is completely quenched.
      Exchange reactions of the above fluorescent allosteric effector with 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate (DPG) were also examined at various levels of oxygen
      saturation. It was found that beta-NapP3 binds to deoxyHbA tetramer in the molar
      ratio of 2:1, and that one of the two beta-NapP3 competes with DPG. It was also
      found that beta-NapP3 binds to completely oxygenated HbA tetramer in the molar
      ratio of 1:1, and that the bound beta-NapP3 was not released by adding DPG. The
      binding affinity of beta-NapP3 for the noncompetitive site of completely
      oxygenated HbA, to which DPG does not bind, was smaller than that for the
      noncompetitive site of deoxyHbA, to which DPG also does not bind. Furthermore,
      the correlations between oxygen bindings by HbA and the bindings of beta-NapP3 to
      HbA in the intermediate stages of deoxygenation were investigated. It was
      revealed that HbA as a tetramer exists in three conformational states rather than
      simple two states as Monod, Wyman, and Changeux had proposed.

PMID- 6840072
TI  - Raman spectra of flavin bound in flavodoxins and in other flavoproteins. Evidence
      for structural variations in the flavin-binding region.
AB  - The resonance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra for a number
      of flavoproteins are found to be fingerprints for the particular type of
      flavoprotein. One group studied were the bacterial flavodoxins: Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Azotobacter vinelandii, Megasphaera
      elsdenii, Clostridium kluyverii and Clostridium formicoaceticum. The other
      examples were the enzymes lactate monooxygenase and glucose oxidase. FMN
      complexed to Vibrio harveyi luciferase, and a partially characterized non
      fluorescent flavoprotein from Photobacterium leiognathi. In the frequency range
      1700-1100 cm-1, differences in the frequency positions and relative intensities
      of the prominent bands are reflections of the interactions of the isoalloxazine
      ring with the protein. Based on tentative assignment of the vibrational modes in
      flavin models, the spectra are interpreted in terms of hydrogen bonding between
      the amino acid residues of the binding site and particular atoms of the
      isoalloxazine ring.

PMID- 6840073
TI  - The binding of bongkrekate to mitochondria.
AB  - The binding of bongkrekate to mitochondrial membrane was investigated using
      [3H]bongkrekate. These measurements were designed to examine the previously
      derived reorienting site mechanism which implies that bongkrekate binds to the
      single carrier site only from the inner face of the mitochondrial membrane. The
      binding studies confirm pH-dependent accumulation of [3H]bongkrekate inside the
      mitochondria which superimposes on to binding of carrier sites. By breaking the
      membrane with Lubrol or sonication, binding to the carrier sites can be titrated
      and Kd approximately equal to 5 X 10(-8) M is determined. ADP or ATP increases
      the amount of binding but does not change the Kd. Reciprocally bongkrekate
      increases ADP binding in those sections of a titration curve where bongkrekate
      binding is increased by ADP. [35S]Atractylate is displaced by [3H]bongkrekate at
      a 1:1 molar ratio. This displacement is dependent on ADP concentration with the
      Km = 0.5 X 10(-6) M. The earlier described isomer, isobongkrekate, also binds
      specifically to the carrier sites. From competition with bongkrekate a ratio
      KisoBKAd/KBKAd = 0.10 is determined. [35S]Carboxyatractylate displaces most of
      [3H]isobongkrekate but only little of [3H]bongkrekate. The rate of displacement
      is more than 10-times faster for isobongkrekate than for bongkrekate. The
      displacement is dependent on ADP with a Km = 5 X 10(-6) M. All these results are
      fully consistent with the single site reorienting mechanism. In no instant do
      bongkrekate and atractylate as well as ADP or ATP bind simultaneously to the
      carrier.

PMID- 6840074
TI  - Amines induce increased thromboplastin activity in human monocytes.
AB  - A variety of amines induced a dose-dependent and time-dependent increase in
      thromboplastin activity of cultured human monocytes. The increase required
      protein synthesis, and reached a peak after about 18 h. Some inhibitory effects
      were noted at low concentrations of NH4Cl. It is suggested that the amines act by
      raising the pH of acidic intracellular compartments.

PMID- 6840075
TI  - The dolichol pathway of protein glycosylation in rat liver. Evidence that GTP
      promotes transformation of endogenous dolichyl phosphate into
      dolichylpyrophosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine in stripped rough microsomes.
AB  - Tunicamycin, an antibiotic which inhibits the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine 1
      phosphate to dolichyl phosphate, has been used to decide whether or not, in
      stripped rough microsomes incubated with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and GDP-mannose
      in the absence of detergent, the earliest effect of GTP in core glycosylation of
      proteins is to enhance synthesis of dolichylpyrophosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine
      from endogenous dolichyl phosphate, or to transform this monoglycoside derivative
      into dolichylpyrophosphorylchitobiose. It has been found that the presence of
      tunicamycin in the reaction medium annihilates incorporation of N
      acetylglucosamine and mannose into all kinds of glycoside derivative of dolichyl
      pyrophosphate, whereas dolichylphosphorylmannose is then formed in greater
      amount. Incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into protein was also abolished;
      that of mannose was considerably reduced. Other experiments showed that transfer
      of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate is the only reaction of the lipid
      intermediates pathway that becomes limiting after addition of tunicamycin in our
      GTP-stimulated system. Taking these and previous results from this laboratory
      [Godelaine et al. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 96, 17-26 and 27-34] into account, we
      conclude that GTP enhances the transformation of endogenous dolichyl phosphate
      into dolichylpyrophosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine and leads to the complete
      assembly of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides which become ultimately transferred
      to protein. Triton X-100 increased the amount of dolichol glycosylated and
      markedly raised the ratio of labelled dolichylpyrophosphorylchitobiose to
      dolichylpyrophosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine. Such changes being induced by GTP, we
      suggest that this nucleotide makes it possible to overcome a structural barrier
      of rough microsomes.

PMID- 6840076
TI  - Structure of horseradish peroxidase compound I. Kinetic evidence for the
      incorporation of one oxygen atom from the oxidizing substrate into the enzyme.
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction between horseradish peroxidase and p-nitroperbenzoic
      acid to form compound I have been studied at 25 degrees C in phosphate buffer pH
      7.2 and ionic strength of 0.11 M by transient-state and steady-state methods. The
      second-order rate constant for compound I formation obtained by stopped-flow
      measurements at 403 nm is (3.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(7) M-1 s-1. For the disappearance of
      p-nitroperbenzoic acid and appearance of p-nitrobenzoic acid using steady-state
      kinetics measured at 265 nm the rate constant is (3.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(7) M-1 s-1.
      The results provide an independent confirmation that one and only one oxygen atom
      is incorporated from the oxidizing substrate into compound I.

PMID- 6840077
TI  - Purification and characterization of the brain calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase (kinase II), which is involved in the activation of tryptophan 5
      monooxygenase.
AB  - Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (kinase II) [Yamauchi, T. and Fujisawa, H.
      (1980) FEBS Lett. 116, 141-144], which is involved in the activation of
      tryptophan 5-monooxygenase, was purified 720-fold with a 36% yield from rat
      cerebral cortex using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on
      Sepharose CL-4B, calmodulin-Sepharose 4B and phosphocellulose. The purified
      enzyme showed one major protein band corresponding in mobility to a molecular
      weight of 55000 and a faint band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide disc
      gel electrophoresis, whereas it gave a single protein band upon polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis without sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight and the
      sedimentation coefficient of the kinase were determined to be 540000 by
      sedimentation equilibrium and 16.5 S by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
      The kinase required absolutely calmodulin and Ca2+ for its activity and the
      apparent Ka values for calmodulin and Ca2+ were 10 nM and 1.6 microM
      respectively. The Km values for ATP and Mg2+ were calculated to be 0.06 mM and 1
      mM, respectively. The concentration of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase required to
      produce half-maximal effects on its activation by the kinase was estimated to be
      as low as 0.3 nM, on the basis of the finding that the molecular weight and the
      specific activity of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase were 245000 and 374 nmol min-1 mg
      protein-1 respectively [Nakata, H. and Fujisawa, H. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 122,
      41-47]. The kinase phosphorylated casein, smooth muscle myosin light chain as
      well as some endogenous proteins of brain cytosol. The enzyme did not
      phosphorylate significantly histone, protamine, and phosphorylase b. Some other
      properties of the kinase were examined.

PMID- 6840078
TI  - Partial purification and characterisation of an acetylcholine receptor with
      nicotinic properties from the supraoesophageal ganglion of the locust
      (Schistocerca gregaria).
AB  - An alpha-bungarotoxin-binding component has been partially purified from the
      supraoesophageal ganglion of the locust, (Schistocerca gregaria). The component
      binds alpha-bungarotoxin with a Kd of about 1.7 nM and this value changes little
      throughout the purification procedure. The specific binding activity ranges from
      1.18 pmol alpha-bungarotoxin bound/mg protein for the membrane-bound site up to a
      maximum of 230 pmol bound/mg protein for the partially purified component. The
      pharmacological properties of the membrane-bound site are predominantly
      nicotinic. Affinity labelling of the binding species with 4-(N-maleimido)
      [3H]benzyltrimethylammonium suggests that the binding is associated with a
      peptide of Mr 58000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the partially purified
      of binding component shows three major bands corresponding to Mr of 60000, 41000
      and 25000. We suggest that the binding component can be tentatively identified as
      a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 6840079
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for binding and inactivation of rabbit
      reticulocyte ribosomes by quassinoid antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 6840080
TI  - Binding of photobilirubin to human serum albumin. Estimate of the affinity
      constant.
AB  - Results of experiments based upon circular dichroic spectra suggest that
      configurationally (Z leads to E) isomerized bilirubin (photobilirubin) binds to
      human serum albumin at the primary bilirubin binding site with an affinity only 2
      3 times lower than that of bilirubin. The high affinity of photobilirubin for
      albumin, comparable to that of bilirubin, supports the roles of albumin in the
      stabilization and transport of the isomerized pigment in vivo and strongly
      suggests that albumin also functions to sequester photobilirubin effectively,
      reducing its toxic potential. The high affinity of photobilirubin for albumin
      predicts that the isomerized pigment, formed in large amounts during phototherapy
      for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, should not appear in the fast-diazo-reacting
      ('direct') bilirubin pool nor should it interfere with nonspectroscopic bilirubin
      binding tests. These predictions were confirmed for the Evelyn and Malloy diazo
      assay for 'direct' bilirubin and a Sephadex chromatography method for assessing
      'loosely bound' plasma bilirubin.

PMID- 6840081
TI  - Dopamine beta-monooxygenase. Binding to apoenzyme and rapid exchange in
      holoenzyme of 64Cu studied with high-performance size-exclusion gel
      chromatography.
AB  - The binding of 64Cu to the water-soluble form of dopamine beta-monooxygenase from
      bovine adrenal medulla was studied in reconstitution and exchange experiments
      using high-performance size-exclusion gel chromatography. The reconstitution
      experiments provide evidence for a specific binding of four copper atoms/enzyme
      tetramer using either Cu(I) or Cu(II), but some weaker copper-binding sites were
      observed in the presence of a large excess of copper. The exchanges of both Cu(I)
      and Cu(II) in this protein are so rapid that exact half-lives for the exchange
      reactions can not be obtained by the present method. The results indicate,
      however, that the half-life for the exchange of the enzyme-bound copper in the
      holoenzyme with a twofold excess of 64Cu(II) at pH 6.1 was about 1 min, whereas
      the exchange of Cu(I) measured at similar conditions with ascorbate present, was
      complete in 1 min. This is by far the most rapid exchange reported for any copper
      protein, and the results points to a unique copper-binding site in this enzyme.

PMID- 6840082
TI  - Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Naja melanoleuca snake venom with monomeric
      substrate analogs. Activation of the enzyme by protein-protein or lipid-protein
      interactions?
AB  - Unlike porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2, the enzyme from Naja melanoleuca does
      not display biphasic kinetic behaviour at substrate concentrations around the
      critical micelle concentration. This snake venom enzyme was further investigated
      by direct binding studies using n-tridecylphosphocholine. Binding of this
      substrate analog to the enzyme was monitored by using equilibrium gel filtration,
      equilibrium dialysis and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. It is concluded
      that, in the presence of submicellar concentrations of n-tridecylphosphocholine,
      a lipid-protein complex is formed consisting of about 4 protein and 36 lipid
      molecules. Ca2+ ions are required for the formation of this complex. A model is
      proposed which describes the formation of this type of complex. These lipid
      protein aggregates are held responsible for the non-hyperbolic kinetic behaviour
      of the snake venom enzyme towards monomeric substrates.

PMID- 6840083
TI  - FAD analogues as mechanistic and 'binding-domain' probes of spinach ferredoxin
      NADP+ reductase.
AB  - The native flavin, FAD, of spinach ferredoxin--NADP+ reductase, has been replaced
      by a number of FAD analogues with modifications of the isoalloxazine ring system.
      The apoenzyme binds 8-mercapto-FAD in its thiolate anion form and 6-hydroxy-FAD
      in its neutral form. These results are consistent with classification of this
      enzyme as a dehydrogenase/electron transferase, an ascription originally made on
      the basis of its physiological function and in common with other properties of
      this class, e.g. stabilization of the neutral flavin semiquinone. The chemical
      reactivity toward methylmethanethiolsulfonate of the 8-mercapto-FAD . enzyme
      clearly shows that the flavin 8-position is exposed to solvent. On the other
      hand, the lack of reactivity with the 2-thio-FAD . enzyme indicates that the
      pyrimidine subnucleus of the flavin is buried within the protein molecule. The
      seven modified flavins examined all support NADPH--ferricyanide reductase
      activity, the catalytic velocity being directly proportional to the redox
      potential of the flavin. No such linear free energy relationship was found
      between redox potential and activity with ferredoxin or iodonitrotetrazolium as
      acceptor.

PMID- 6840084
TI  - Solubilization and partial characterization of alkylglycerol monooxygenase from
      rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The enzyme alkylglycerol monooxygenase was solubilized with 2% of Triton X-100
      and partially purified approximately to 83-fold with a 36% yield after a
      procedure which included 6-aminohexyl-Sepharose and DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography, followed by a sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The
      molecular weight of the native form was estimated to be approximately 400000 as
      judged by Sepharose 6B column chromatography in the presence of Triton X-100. The
      enzyme had a pH optimum near 8.5 and a Km of 0.66 mM for 1-O-hexadecylglycerol.
      The microsomal alkylglycerol monooxygenase was stimulated by Triton X-100, but
      did not affect kinetically the initial velocity except to maintain it for a much
      longer period of time. The purified enzyme required absolutely both molecular
      oxygen and reduced pteridine as an electron donor. Furthermore, reduced
      glutathione and phospholipids were necessary for expression of full enzyme
      activity. N-Ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate significantly inhibited
      the enzyme activity, suggesting that alkylglycerol monooxygenase is a -SH enzyme.

PMID- 6840085
TI  - B-Z transition in methylated DNA. A quantum-chemical study.
AB  - On the basis of modified neglect of differential overlap (MNDO) quantum-chemical
      calculations on nucleoside systems, we describe the effect of methylation on the
      energies calculated for the rotation around the glycosidic C(1')-N bond. We found
      a high anti-syn activation energy in the case of the pyrimidine nucleosides C and
      m5C, whereas for the purine nucleosides G, m6G, m7G and m8G only moderate anti
      syn energetic barriers were calculated. This result is consistent with the
      experimentally observed preference for d(G-C)2, d(G-C)3 and d(G-m5C)3 duplexes to
      adopt Z-DNA structures, in which the syn conformation of guanine is favoured.
      Enhanced anti-syn activation energy with respect to the unmethylated derivative
      was calculated in the cases of m5C and m8G. This result is rationalized on the
      basis of steric and electronic factors. In addition, an increased stabilization
      of the syn conformer due to selective methylation of guanine was calculated. The
      data obtained are in good correspondence with the experimentally observed B-Z
      transition in synthetic methylated DNA duplexes with alternating dC-dG sequence.
      Our work concerning the initiating step in the B-Z transition which involves
      rotation around the C(4')-C(5') bond induced by P(V) trigonal bipyramidal
      intermediates, is discussed. In combination with the rotation around the
      glycosidic C(1')-N bond, it can be shown that the phosphate within the dpC
      structure is selectively activated.

PMID- 6840086
TI  - Analogues and analogue inhibitors of ppp(A2'p)nA. Their stability and biological
      activity.

PMID- 6840087
TI  - Stability of the Ca2+-specific and Ca2+-Mg2+ domains of troponin C. Effect of pH.
AB  - The unfolding of rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin C has been examined as a
      function of pH using differential scanning calorimetry as a probe. Studies were
      conducted between pH 7.2 and 5.25 in the absence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+. At pH
      7.2, a single unfolding transition, with a tm of 58 degrees C, is observed.
      Decreasing the pH to 5.5 increases the tm for this transition to 67 degrees C. At
      pH values less than or equal to 5.5, a second unfolding transition is observed,
      which has a tm of 51 degrees C. These studies suggest that troponin C consists of
      two types of structural domains: one has a compact structure throughout the pH
      range examined; the other has a poorly ordered structure at pH 7.2 which becomes
      more compact as the pH is decreased. We conclude that stabilization of both types
      of domains occurs through protonation of carboxylate groups clustered in each of
      the four Ca2+-binding loops. Our data are consistent with assignment of the
      higher-temperature transition to unfolding of the N-terminal portion of the
      molecule, which contains the Ca2+-specific domains and of the lower-temperature
      transition to unfolding of the C-terminal portion, which contains the Ca2+-Mg2+
      domains.

PMID- 6840088
TI  - Two homologous cytochromes b5 in a single cell.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the heme-binding domains of rat liver cytochromes b5
      from outer mitochondrial membranes and from microsomes has been determined by a
      combination of automatic and manual degradation of fragments generated by trypsin
      digestion and by cleavage at tryptophan. Tryptic peptides were separated by high
      pressure liquid chromatography. The sequence of microsomal cytochrome b5 is
      identical with the one published by Ozols and Heinemann after completion of this
      study [Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1982) 704, 163-173]. The sequence of outer
      membrane cytochrome b5 differs from the microsomal one at 38 positions out of 91.
      There are 40 positions invariant between this sequence and the eight microsomal
      sequences published thus far. The non-conservative substitutions are located at
      the surface of the known three-dimensional structure of calf microsomal
      cytochrome b5 except for the substitution of histidine-15 by arginine. This paper
      brings the final proof that two iso-cytochromes b5 exist in the same cell. Their
      high degree of similarity as well as their differential cellular localization
      raise some questions which are briefly discussed.

PMID- 6840089
TI  - Identification of the thiol groups in human ceruloplasmin.
AB  - Human ceruloplasmin was attached to activated thiol-Sepharose via its thiol
      groups and was then digested with pepsin. After appropriate washings the thiol
      peptides were eluted by reduction and were carboxymethylated and purified by
      column chromatography and electrophoresis. Amino acid sequencing showed that the
      peptides were derived from five different areas in the molecule and together
      accounted for 92 residues, six of which were cysteines. Since one of the peptides
      contained two cysteines it seemed evident that, prior to the reductive elution of
      the peptides, one of these had been paired in a disulfide bridge with one of the
      four remaining thiol peptides present in the mixture. The disulfide was isolated
      and identified by digesting the immobilized protein with pepsin followed by
      trypsin. The second (tryptic) digestion released the disulfide peptide. Three of
      the true thiol peptides obtained occur in regions of sequence that have already
      been reported and which account for 564 of the approximately 1050 residues
      present in the protein. Three of them also show about 40% identity with each
      other, whereas no relatedness is observed with the fourth. The three related
      peptides are, moreover, clearly homologous to the copper-binding areas in the
      small blue plant and bacterial proteins plastocyanin and azurin. Homologous
      regions are also evident when the peptides are compared to the two sequences
      reported for the blue oxidase, fungal laccase, one of which contains a disulfide
      bridge.

PMID- 6840090
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of three histone-specific
      acetyltransferases from Artemia.
AB  - Three histone-specific acetyltransferases have been characterized in Artemia by
      the criteria of cell compartmentation, chromatographic behaviour, substrate
      specificity and regulatory properties. Acetyltransferase I is a chromatin-bound
      enzyme with affinity for DNA-cellulose. This enzyme can acetylate histones H1, H3
      and H4, but the acetylation of H1 is markedly inhibited in the presence of H4.
      Acetyltransferases II and III are cytoplasmic and were resolved by phosphate
      elution from hydroxyapatite. The isoenzyme II is highly specific for histone H4,
      whose acetylation is increased in the presence of H1. The acetyltransferase III
      is active with the three histone fractions, but its specificity is modulated
      through the cooperation of H4 (as inhibitor of the acetylation of H1) and H1 (as
      activator of H4 acetylation). Spermine was confirmed as a specific activator of
      the acetyltransferase I, with subsaturating concentrations of H3 as substrate.

PMID- 6840091
TI  - Monosaccharides bound to hemoglobins in normal and diabetic individuals. Evidence
      for glucose, mannose and galactose as sugars released by methanolysis of the
      different hemoglobin components.
AB  - Direct evidence is given for the presence of glucose, mannose and galactose as
      the products of hydrolysis of hemoglobins A1a1, A1a2, A1b, A1c and A0. The
      presence of galactose cannot be explained by the earlier hypothesis of Amadori
      rearrangement and suggests the existence of further complex rearrangements.
      Monosaccharide content of the different hemoglobin components varies from 0.2-2.0
      mol/mol of alpha beta dimer with an increase of 1.5-2.0-times in diabetic
      components. This increase is not accompanied by net charge differences,
      suggesting that additionally bound sugars are not responsible for the pI
      modification of these hemoglobins. The pattern of glucose, mannose and galactose
      ratio in normal individuals divides these hemoglobins into two classes,
      hemoglobins A1b, A1c and A0 (ratio 0.60:0.25:0.15) on one hand and hemoglobins
      A1a1 and A1a2 (ratio 0.40:0.40: 0.20) on the other. These findings suggest that
      diverse mechanisms for sugar binding might exist between these two classes of
      glycosylated hemoglobins. This difference disappears in diabetic components
      suggesting that the non-NH2-terminal sites are glycosylated in all components by
      a common mechanism. Increase in glucose at the expense of mannose and galactose,
      as observed in diabetics, could be an indicator of recent glycosylation.

PMID- 6840093
TI  - A quantitative description of microtubule formation in the presence of tubulin
      colchicine.
AB  - The overall polymerization of microtubule protein in the presence of tubulin
      colchicine is described by competition between an intrinsically unaltered
      nucleation process and the process of propagation inhibited by the binding of
      tubulin-colchicine to the microtubule ends. The inhibition of propagation can be
      quantified with the binding constant previously determined [Lambeir and
      Engelborghs (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 109, 619-624]. A quantitative description of
      the competition between nucleation and propagation follows from the kinetic
      theory of Oosawa. Comparison of several subsequent cycles of
      polymerization/depolymerization shows that a fraction of cold-stable complexes
      are formed. An equilibrium derivation is presented which shows the enhanced
      nucleation upon binding of inhibiting proteins, by the increase of the nucleation
      parameter A [Oosawa and Asakura (1975) Thermodynamics of the Polymerization of
      Protein, Academic Press, London, New York]. The kinetic and equilibrium
      derivations presented here are generally applicable to all capping factors, e.g.
      some of the actin-binding proteins.

PMID- 6840094
TI  - Primary structure of three mannosyl-glycoasparagines and nine sialyl
      oligosaccharides isolated from the urine of two patients with Gaucher's disease
      (infantile form).

PMID- 6840092
TI  - Studies of amino-acid sequence in dihydrofolate reductase from a human
      methotrexate-resistant cell line KB/6b. Structural and kinetic comparison with
      mouse L1210 enzyme.
AB  - The partial amino acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, EC 1.5.1.3)
      from human KB/6b cells has been determined by using 3.5 mg of protein. Peptides
      covering the entire polypeptide chain were recovered from preparative peptide
      maps generated by the combination of paper chromatography and electrophoresis at
      pH 4.4 Peptide maps from mouse L1210 DHFR were also generated for comparison.
      Amino acid sequence of 75% of the 186 amino acid residues in the polypeptide
      chain of human KB/6b DHFR was obtained from Edman degradations and the remaining
      sequence was deduced from the amino acid compositions, from electrophoretic
      mobilities of related peptides and from the sequence homologies with other known
      mammalian DHFR sequences. A comparison of the proposed human DHFR sequence with
      the previously known sequences of mouse enzyme [Stone, et al. (1979) J. Biol.
      Chem. 245, 480-488] indicates that 18 differences are located in the established
      sequence of 139 residues and that 5 additional differences are in the tentative
      sequence of the remaining 47 amino acids. Kinetic properties of human KB/6b and
      mouse L1210 DHFR, which were determined in parallel experiments, are also
      compared. The possible structural-functional relationships between human and
      mouse DHFR are discussed.

PMID- 6840095
TI  - The amino acid sequence of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - The primary structure of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrTS) of Bacillus
      stearothermophilus has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned
      gene and from the amino acid sequence of peptides isolated from the purified
      enzyme. TyrTS (B. stearothermophilus) has a molecular weight of 47316 and the
      sequence is 56% homologous with that of TyrTS (Escherichia coli). The binding
      domain for the substrate intermediate tyrosyl adenylate is located in the N
      terminal portion of the polypeptide and is highly conserved in both enzymes.
      Several lysine residues, which are shielded from acetylation in the TyrTS-tRNATyr
      complex, are also located in a stretch of highly conserved sequence.

PMID- 6840096
TI  - Identification of the lipid-binding site of phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein
      with phosphatidylcholine analogs containing photoactivable carbene precursors.
AB  - The lipid binding site of the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine
      liver has been investigated by use of phosphatidylcholine analogs which carry a
      diazirinophenoxy group linked to the omega-carbon of either the sn-2-[1
      14C]hexanoyl (PC I) or sn-2-[1-14C]undecanoyl chain (PC II). Photolysis of the PC
      I(PC II)-transfer protein complex resulted in a covalent coupling of 30-40% of
      the label to the protein as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Upon mild alkaline treatment of the photolysed complex the
      protein containing covalently coupled 14C-label was separated from the noncoupled
      14C-label by gel permeation chromatography. The 14C-labeled protein was degraded
      with protease from Staphylococcus aureus, trypsin and cyanogen bromide and
      specific 14C-labeled peptides were sequenced by automated Edman degradation.
      Major sites of coupling shown by release of radioactivity were identified as
      Tyr54 and the peptide segment Val171-Phe-Met-Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Asp177. Both PC I and PC
      II coupled extensively to Tyr54 (90% and 50% of total labeling, respectively).
      The remainder of the radioactivity was released from the peptide Val171-Asp177
      with a distinct difference in in the pattern of release depending on whether PC I
      or PC II were used. Thus, coupling occurred preferentially to Tyr175 and Asp177
      with PC I while Val171 and Met173 were labeled preferentially with PC II. This
      shift in coupling is compatible with an increase of 0.6 nm for the sn-2-fatty
      acyl chains of PC I and II, assuming that the peptide Val171-Asp177 has adopted
      the strongly predicted beta-strand configuration. These data have been
      interpreted in terms of the localization of phosphatidylcholine in the
      phosphatidylcholine transfer protein.

PMID- 6840097
TI  - CT in idiopathic pyogenic myositis of the iliopsoas muscle. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Pyogenic myositis of the iliopsoas muscle may occur as a primary clinical entity
      of an idiopathic nature, or more commonly secondarily to an adjacent disease
      process. We report 2 cases of idiopathic pyogenic infection caused by
      Staphylococcus aureus. This disease entity is rare in temperate climates. CT
      combined with clinical and biochemical information enabled the correct diagnosis,
      and appropriate treatment could thus be started.

PMID- 6840098
TI  - The usefulness of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in detection of
      postphlebographic thrombophlebitis.
AB  - In 8 out of 9 patients with postphlebographic thrombophlebitis (DVT), increased
      amounts of fibrin degradation products (FDP) were recorded on one or more
      occasions during six days' follow up, as compared to 20 out of 45 patients in the
      DVT negative group. FDP determination is insufficient as a sole parameter in
      identifying patients developing postphlebographic DVT.

PMID- 6840099
TI  - CT of the thoracic duct.
AB  - The ability of computed tomography to demonstrate the normal anatomy of the
      thoracic duct was investigated after lymphangiography in 20 patients without
      evidence of chest diseases on the plain films. The entire opacified thoracic duct
      can be easily imaged from its origin at the thoraco-abdominal level, up to its
      arch, which enters the venous blood stream, usually at the left subclavian
      jugular confluent. Variations of the arch of the duct have been observed in our
      series. The ability to detect the non-opacified duct with CT was also assessed in
      80 patients. Imaging of part or totality of the lower, mid and upper segments of
      the thoracic duct is possible respectively in 81, 54 and 69 per cent of subjects.
      The arch of the duct was displayed in 57 per cent. Knowledge of the normal
      anatomy of the thoracic duct is important since it can be involved in many
      diseases of the posterior mediastinum and of the thoracic outlet.

PMID- 6840100
TI  - High obstruction of inferior vena cava.

PMID- 6840101
TI  - Collateral veins in left renal vein stenosis demonstrated via CT.
AB  - Twelve patients with left renal vein stenosis from tumor compression were studied
      with CT. All had distended collateral veins in the perirenal space which either
      formed a radiating or a cobweb pattern or appeared as marked longitudinal veins.
      Inferior phrenic vein branches were seen in seven patients and were considerably
      enlarged in two. Other major veins possibly taking part in collateral circulation
      could not be recognized due to obliteration of fat planes. The renal fascia was
      thickened in eleven patients, probably due to edema. A close study of the
      perirenal space with CT may give valuable information about collateral
      development.

PMID- 6840102
TI  - The treatment of simple bone cysts by topical infiltrations of methylprednisolone
      acetate: technique and results.
AB  - The authors report their experience in the percutaneous treatment of simple bone
      cysts by intra-cystic local infiltrations of methylprednisolone acetate. In
      particular, the method adopted, the evolution of the radiologic picture and the
      results achieved are described. Sixty patients were successfully treated without
      complications or surgery.

PMID- 6840103
TI  - CT detection of benign and malignant abnormalities of the small bowel.
AB  - The authors analysed the CT findings in 60 normal subjects and 14 patients with
      small bowel disease to assess the ability of CT to detect wall thickening. The
      patients all had a small bowel wall thickness larger than 0.5 cm. Benignity could
      not be distinguished from malignancy solely on the pattern of small bowel
      thickening. Thus, Crohn's disease could not be differentiated from intestinal
      Hodgkin's disease or post radiation therapy ileitis. Intra- and extramural masses
      are also a common but non-specific pattern; they can be associated with small
      bowel wall thickening and have been encountered in different situations such as
      duodenal duplication, jejunal haematoma or adenocarcinoma. Knowledge of normal
      anatomy, optimal endoluminal opacification and careful attention to the
      appearance of the small bowel are recommended in every CT survey of the abdomen.

PMID- 6840106
TI  - CT of the stomach and duodenum. Part I: Anatomy and postoperative stomach.
AB  - A survey is provided of the CT appearance of the normal and postoperative stomach
      based on a retrospective study on 262 patients. The results were compared with
      those of conventional barium meal examination. Detailed understanding of the CT
      anatomy of the normal and postoperative stomach, as well as familiarity with the
      usual pitfalls, are imperative to guarantee correct interpretation of pathology.

PMID- 6840104
TI  - Lipoma of the duodenal bulb CT demonstration.

PMID- 6840107
TI  - Traumatic cavernous sinus fistula. Demonstration by computed tomography.

PMID- 6840108
TI  - Radiological findings in 23 pediatric cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH).
AB  - Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is a disease which clinically and histologically
      resembles non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumoural cells appear to be derived from
      histiomonocytes. Clinical signs commonly include: high fever, sudden onset of
      extreme fatigue, diffuse painful polyadenopathies and infiltrated cutaneous
      nodules. This study involved the radiological findings of 23 pediatric cases of
      MH. Thoracic involvement is very frequent (69%) and most often involves
      mediastinal lymph nodes. Interstitial (34%) and pleural (38%) lesions are often
      associated. Nine of 21 (42%) lymphographies showed pathologic changes, the most
      frequent pattern in retroperitoneal nodes was multilacunar and nodes were
      moderately enlarged. Some isolated lymph nodes were normal. Bone lesions were
      rare and were either lytic or sclerotic.

PMID- 6840105
TI  - Biliary drainage by teflon endoprosthesis in obstructive jaundice--experiences in
      69 patients treated by PTCD or ERCD.
AB  - In 69 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction a specially designed teflon
      tube, the endoprosthesis, was inserted across the ductal stenosis either by
      percutaneous or by endoscopic route to reduce jaundice. After gaining experience
      our success rate of stent placement was more than 90%. Compared with catheter
      drainage the endoprosthesis worked faster and more efficiently, while in
      palliative treatment the quality of life of the patient improved and secondary
      cholangitis was prevented. The rate of significant long-term stent obstruction
      can be tolerated in view of the expected life span of four months as average in
      our material.

PMID- 6840109
TI  - The role of sonography in the diagnosis of Echinococcus alveolaris.
AB  - Abdominal sonography and computed tomography were performed in eleven patients
      with operatively and histologically proven Echinococcus alveolaris of the liver
      and the detailed appearances were compared. Sonography is a useful screening
      method in the assessment of E. alveolaris, but its previous importance is being
      gradually superseded by computed tomography, which is capable of providing more
      detailed information in the diagnosis of Echinococcus infestation.

PMID- 6840110
TI  - The diagnostic value of morphology and relaxation times in NMR-imaging of the
      body.
AB  - NMR examinations were performed on a total of 109 patients using a resistive
      magnet. In 67 patients various organs and tissues of the face and neck the trunk
      and the limbs were evaluated in axial, sagittal and coronal planes. The use of
      more than one sequence time is essential for adequate representation of the
      anatomical structures and for detection and evaluation of pathological processes.
      They are the base to compute "secondary" T1- and T2-images, in order to obtain
      numerical values of both relaxation times. Thus a better understanding of the
      morphology of structures within the images is obtained. NMR appears to represent
      a sensitive method of tissue characterization: Specific changes in the T1- and
      the T2-pattern were found in pathological conditions, e.g. longer T1-times with
      normal or moderately longer T2-times in tumors compared to healthy tissue and
      extremely long T1- and T2-times typical of fluid accumulations.

PMID- 6840112
TI  - Computed tomography with geometrical enlargement.
AB  - Third generation CT scanners perform examinations of small objects without
      employing all the detectors. Geometrical enlargement solves this problem by
      moving the tube-detector assembly according to the size of the object to be
      scanned; this improves spatial resolution, reducing both the tube current and the
      skin dose. Such an application for pediatric CT and small objects is of
      particular interest.

PMID- 6840111
TI  - The effect of ethacrynic acid on biliary excretion, concentration of ioglycamide
      and bile flow in dogs.
AB  - The effect of ethacrynic acid (EA), an agent which increases bile acid
      independent bile flow, on the biliary excretion and concentration intravenously
      administered biliary contrast agent ioglycamide was studied on cholecystectomized
      anesthetized dogs equipped with Thomas cannula through which the common bile duct
      could be cannulated. One hour after cannulation i.v. infusion of ioglycamide at a
      rate of 4 mu mol./min./kg. was started. Two hours later 1 mg./kg. of ethacrynic
      acid was injected intravenously. This procedure was repeated three times on four
      dogs, five dogs receiving comparable volume of saline at comparable time serving
      as controls. Bile was collected at 15 min. intervals and simultaneous i.v. blood
      samples were taken. EA injection caused decrease in biliary ioglycamide
      concentration and biliary excretion of ioglycamide and a slight but statistically
      not significant decrease in bile flow. Since EA is an organic anion and the
      increase in bile flow induced by it has been shown to be related to the biliary
      excretion of its metabolites, it may be suggested that EA as an organic anion
      inhibited biliary excretion and hepatic uptake of ioglycamide but having lower
      choleretic effect its excretion could not increase the bile flow.

PMID- 6840113
TI  - Computed multiplanar reconstructions of the thorax using thin transverse-axial
      slices. A preliminary study.
AB  - By reducing cut thickness to 3 mm, spatial resolution of transverse axial and
      reformatted images of the thorax is markedly improved at the cost of slightly
      decreased contrast resolution as compared to standard 9 mm CT pictures when using
      the same dose. Reformatte4d CT pictures of the thorax in coronal sagittal and
      oblique planes made from thin slices offer a unique way of studying normal and
      pathological anatomy in vivo. It is further concluded that, although with present
      reconstruction times this method is as yet not suited for routine use, it might
      prove to be useful in investigations where high spatial resolution is of prime
      importance.

PMID- 6840115
TI  - 'The failing heart'. What have we learned since Withering? 14-16 June 1982,
      Salzburg, Austria.

PMID- 6840116
TI  - General considerations on the advantages and pitfalls of exercise testing in the
      evaluation of cardiac failure.

PMID- 6840114
TI  - Palliative embolization in gynaecological patients.
AB  - Palliative embolization in patients with gynaecological malignancies is
      indicated, if other methods of treatment like irradiation, surgery and
      chemotherapy are impossible or contra-indicated. The experience in 9 patients is
      reported, with embolization of one renal artery because of metastasis in the
      kidney and in eight patients the hypogastric arteries uni- or bilaterally by
      means of Gelfoam and/or Gianturco coils because of inoperable bleeding
      malignancies.

PMID- 6840117
TI  - Radioisotopic studies during exercise testing: how valuable?
AB  - Myocardial imaging and exercise radionuclide angiography have proven useful in
      the detection of exercise-induced regional dysfunction. EF monitoring is,
      however, inadequate to detect deterioration of cardiac performances with complex
      changes in the ventricular loading conditions. Measurement of absolute volumes
      and especially of end-systolic volume by a count-derived technique will further
      enhance the value of this method when attenuation correction can be consistently
      performed. Non-invasive estimates of end-systolic indices could then be obtained.
      Concomitant evaluation of right ventricular ejection and function provides data
      on ventricular interdependence and allows quantification of regurgitant lesions
      and of their changes with exercise. Combined evaluation of these parameters will
      allow a better definition of the changes occurring in valvular heart disease.
      Radioisotopic studies also permit evaluation of stress-induced changes in
      pulmonary blood volume and in the pulmonary distribution of thallium. These
      parameters, although incompletely studied, could provide further evidence of
      transient LV dysfunction and deserve further study.

PMID- 6840119
TI  - Does exercise testing with invasive measurements of cardiac output and pressure
      really contribute?
AB  - Quantification of heart failure is possible with hemodynamic parameters such as
      cardiac output and filling pressure at rest and during exercise. These parameters
      can easily but invasively be achieved by floating catheter measurements. In our
      experience, the risk of this method is low but existent. In greater than 20 000
      patients with chronic diseases no death occurred in connection with the
      procedure; 26 patients developed ventricular fibrillation or ventricular
      tachycardias which made defibrillation necessary in 10 of these patients. In
      three patients asystolia demanded resuscitation. Hemoptysis did not occur. In the
      acute stage of a disease, e.g. in the acute myocardial infarction, the risk may
      be higher, especially if the catheter remains in the circulation for longer
      periods. The possibilities and limitations of the method will be discussed for
      the following patient groups: (1) Patients with acute myocardial infarction, (2)
      Postinfarction patients, (3) Patients with cardiomyopathies, (4) Patients with
      valvular heart disease.

PMID- 6840118
TI  - How valuable is scintigraphy during rest?

PMID- 6840120
TI  - What is the role of the coronary circulation in congestive heart failure?
AB  - Manifestations of congestive heart failure are frequently observed in patients
      with coronary disease. However, they may be predominant in patients who have
      sustained prior myocardial infarction, in whom left ventricular aneurysm or
      papillary muscle dysfunction may induce left ventricular dysfunction. A small
      group of patients can develop severe cardiac insufficiency and pump failure on
      the basis of diffuse occlusive coronary artery disease. Heart failure can also be
      induced by congenital coronary abnormalities and in congestive cardiomyopathy
      some previous studies have suggested a decrease of coronary blood flow per unit
      of myocardial mass. Moreover, coronary artery disease can be associated and
      worsened congestive heart failure can result from other causes (e.g. valvular
      disease). However, congestive heart failure per se can also disturb coronary
      circulation as a result of changes in subendocardial myocardial perfusion or
      metabolism.

PMID- 6840121
TI  - A review of the long-term effects of prazosin and hydralazine in chronic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - In the last two years, six studies using prazosin in doses of 3-32 mg/day for two
      and 16 months have shown a persistent but variable benefit in 50-80% of those who
      initially responded favorably. However, serious side-effects occurred in up to
      40% and, in many cases, tolerance developed. Mortality was 25-38% in 3-6 months,
      50% by one year. In five studies using hydralazine (sometimes combined with long
      acting nitrates), 150 patients observed from six up to 29 months showed sustained
      benefit in 26 to 59%, while in many cases hemodynamic values returned to
      pretreatment values. Again side-effects were considerable, with worsening of
      angina, fluid retention, gastrointestinal symptomatology and, rarely, lupus
      erythematodes. Mortality was 28-41% in 10-12 months, higher in non-responders
      than in responders. Although exercise capacity increased in responders, no data
      are available today to prove that these vasodilators allow heart failure patients
      to live longer. Prudence is indicated in patients with congestive heart failure
      due to coronary artery disease. Furthermore, tolerance development, which only
      may be surmountable if discontinuation for a few weeks or switching to another
      drug is possible, is a serious problem limiting chronic vasodilator application.

PMID- 6840122
TI  - Beta-blockers in dilated cardiomyopathies: they work.
AB  - Prognosis in congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM) with marked dilatation and heart
      failure is poor. A low rate of spontaneous recovery was observed. A high level of
      circulating catecholamines is often found, which may explain the common finding
      of resting tachycardia. An early series of COCM patients with tachycardia
      responded surprisingly well when chronic beta-blockade was added to the
      conventional treatment of failure. Later, even patients without tachycardia were
      included with a period of placebo preceding beta-blocker treatment in order to
      exclude patients with spontaneous recovery. Acute beta-blockade was surprisingly
      well tolerated, possibly because the reduction in contractility was compensated
      for by an increase in myocardial compliance. After long-term beta-blockade,
      improvement was observed after 6 months and further improvement was seen after 24
      months. In patients improving functionally, there was reduction in heart size and
      left ventricular end diastolic diameter and increase in working performance. For
      the whole group, there was a decrease in rapid filling wave in apex cardiogram,
      reduction in third heart sound and increase in ejection fraction. Changes in the
      reverse way were seen in these three variables after beta-blocker withdrawal and
      relapse into heart failure occurred in 6/15 patients. Changes in diastolic
      function may be an early important effect of beta-blockade in COCM. Increase in
      survival was seen when beta-blocker-treated patients with COCM were compared to
      well matched COCM controls. It is suggested that increased sensitivity to
      sympathetic stimulation contributes to the pathogenesis in some patients with
      COCM and that improvement in myocardial function explains prolonged survival.

PMID- 6840123
TI  - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Congestive heart failure is usually accompanied by cardiovascular signs of an
      increased sympathetic and a decreased parasympathetic efferent activity. A
      current hypothesis for these autonomic changes holds the baroreceptor mechanisms
      mainly responsible for this complex neural reflex pattern together with a
      decreased responsiveness of cardiac vagal afferent ffibers. An alternative
      hypothesis is proposed here. Afferent sympathetic fibers with sensory endings in
      the atria and in the pulmonary veins are progressively excited by volume load. In
      cats with a chronic spinal section at C8, breathing spontaneously, an infusion of
      saline induces a reflex tachycardia through a sympatho-sympathetic neural
      circuit. In chronic dogs with intact cardiovascular innervation, the stimulation
      of aortic or cardiac sympathetic afferent fibers elicits an excitatory
      sympathetic reflex leading to hypertension and tachycardia; in addition, the
      sensitivity of baroreflexes is markedly reduced. Therefore, in congestive heart
      failure, especially in the absence of hypotension, the reflex excitation of the
      sympathetic outflow and the inhibition of the vagal efferent activity directed to
      the heart could be due to reflex mechanisms mediated by sympathetic
      cardiovascular afferents.

PMID- 6840124
TI  - Adjustments in the peripheral circulation in chronic heart failure.
AB  - In congestive heart failure the increases in sympathetic outflow and circulating
      catecholamines cause pronounced vasoconstriction in the renal and splanchnic
      vascular beds, which in the early stages of the disease permits the patient to
      engage in limited exercise even though the cardiac output does not increase
      normally. Eventually the muscle and skin flows also decrease reflexly. The
      widespread peripheral vasoconstriction augments the afterload of the heart. The
      cutaneous veins are constricted; together with the augmented circulating blood
      volume due to abnormal renal retention, this contributes to the increase in
      central venous pressure. The resulting increase in preload initially improves the
      filling of the heart and shifts the myocardium along its Starling curve. The
      peripheral venoconstriction helps explain the increased tolerance to orthostatic
      stress seen in patients with heart failure. Since these reflex vascular
      adjustments tend to augment both the pre- and the afterload of the heart,
      pharmacological agents causing dilatation of the systemic veins and/or of the
      arterioles improve the performance of the failing myocardium.

PMID- 6840125
TI  - Usefulness of quantitative echocardiography in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Echocardiography provides a harmless method which is of value in the assessment
      of the left ventricle in patients with congestive heart failure particularly when
      the patient is used as his own control. There are some obvious limitations.
      Considerable experience is needed in the proper application while adequate
      echocardiograms may not be obtained in all patients. Agreement in individual
      patients with other methods such as cine-angiocardiography or radionuclide
      ventriculography is limited. Whether this is inherent in the echocardiographic
      method or in the other commonly used methods is unclear since no in vivo 'golden
      standard' is available for comparison.

PMID- 6840126
TI  - Potential radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of ocular melanoma. Part I. 5
      iodo-2-thiouracil derivatives.
AB  - The tissue distribution of a number of 5-[131I]-iodo-2-thiouracil derivatives was
      measured in Syrian golden hamsters with Greene melanoma. These compounds were
      rapidly (in less than 1 h) distributed in all tissues, while in most tissues fast
      elimination (T1/2 1-3 h) was observed. Because of retention of the 131I activity
      in the tumour, high tumour/non-tumour tissue ratios were found (e.g. tumour/eye
      2.3-10, tumour/skin 1.5-3) suggesting that some of these compounds might be used
      as melanoma delineating agents, when labelled with 123I.

PMID- 6840128
TI  - Fully automated sectorial equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Proposal of
      a method for routine use: exercise and follow-up.
AB  - A fully automated computer program is described for processing equilibrium
      radionuclide ventriculography data with regard to global and sectorial left
      ventricular ejection fraction. The precise identification of the left ventricular
      outline, a prerequisite for reproducible determination of sectorial ejection
      fraction, was achieved by using morphological and functional criteria in a
      sequential edge detection technique. The high reproducibility of this method
      (correlation coefficient r: global ejection fraction r = 0.96, sectorial ejection
      fraction r = 0.82-0.97) allows the evaluation of a mean normal sectorial ejection
      fraction profile and its adaptation to the individual left ventricle.
      Computerized comparison between individual and adjusted normal sectorial ejection
      fraction permits quantitation of the degree and localization of functional
      impairment at rest, sectorial comparison between ejection fraction at rest and
      during peak exercise is used for the detection of ischemic functional impairment.
      The success rate of end diastolic left ventricular edge detection of 96% and the
      processing time of 150 s makes this method suitable for routine use.

PMID- 6840127
TI  - Abnormal reticuloendothelial function in patients with active vasculitis and
      idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy. A study with 99mTc-labeled heat-damaged
      autologous red blood cells.
AB  - Reticuloendothelial function was assessed in 11 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus, 8 patients with Wegener's granulomatosus, and 20 patients with
      idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy by using autologous 99mTc-labeled heat
      damaged red blood cells. With this method organ uptake could be measured by
      quantitative scintigraphy. There was no relation between the T1/2 of the blood
      disappearance curve and the T1/2 of the splenic uptake curve. The T1/2 of the
      blood disappearance curve was normal in all three patient groups. However, there
      was a significant shift from spleen to liver uptake in patients with active
      systemic lupus erythematosus, active Wegener's granulomatosus, and membranous
      glomerulopathy in comparison with a control group. There was no relation with
      age, level of circulating immune complexes, complement level, kidney function, or
      immunosuppressive treatment. We conclude that an increase of the liver component
      of reticulo-endothelial function may compensate abnormalities in splenic
      function. This stresses the importance of quantitative scanning to detect such
      abnormalities. The study provides evidence for disease related hyposplenism in
      patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, active Wegener's
      granulomatosus, and membranous glomerulopathy.

PMID- 6840129
TI  - Thallium uptake in fasted and nonfasted rats.
AB  - Thallium uptake was studied in selected organs in two groups of rats: fasted and
      nonfasted. A significant increase in thallium uptake was found in the stomach and
      the small intestine after eating while a significant decrease was found in the
      lung.

PMID- 6840130
TI  - Anaphylactic reaction to orthoiodohippurate.
AB  - A case of an anaphylactic reaction following administration of 125I- and 131I-o
      iodohippurate in a 32-year-old woman is reported. The patient had a renography
      performed because of hematuria. She was known to react to an intravenous
      pyelography previously performed with an anaphylactic shock. The importance of
      reporting all adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals for central registration
      is stressed.

PMID- 6840133
TI  - Radiation doses to the eye lens from ocular tumour seeking radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 6840131
TI  - Ultrasonic and scintigraphic imaging for malignant liver tumours in heavy
      drinkers.

PMID- 6840132
TI  - Comparison of scrotal scintigraphy and thermography for the diagnosis of
      varicocele.
AB  - Varicocele is the most frequent cause of male subfertility. Several invasive and
      noninvasive techniques can be used to visualize scrotal phlebectasies. In this
      study sequential scintigraphy after intravenous injection of 99mTc-albumin was
      compared with tele-thermography. The normal and pathological images are
      described. The more obvious the clinical condition, the more lesions were
      revealed by scintigraphy (29.6% in subfertile men suspected of having
      variococele; 76.9% in patients with first degree varicocele; and 100% in Grades
      II and III cases). In 55 cases (of a total of 76 cases explored by radioisotopic
      techniques), the comparison of the thermographic results with the scintigraphy
      results suggests that scrotal scintigraphy is less sensitive. However, there are
      more false positive thermographies expressed as a discordance with clinical
      examination, which indicates higher specificity of scintigraphy. In conclusion
      scrotal scintigraphy cannot be considered as the screening procedure of first
      choice for varicocele, but it can give complementary information, especially when
      thermographic results are at variance with the clinical examination.

PMID- 6840134
TI  - 'Luxury perfusion syndrome' in a patient with reversible ischemic neurological
      deficits.
AB  - A 28-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with difficulty in speech and
      motor weakness of the right arm of sudden onset. Twelve years previously a grade
      I oligodendroglioma had been removed. The CT scan showed a low density area
      without enhancement in the left frontal region that appeared to communicate with
      the left lateral ventricle. An increased flow through the left middle cerebral
      artery and a focal avascular area in the left hemisphere was noted during a
      dynamic study by angioscintigraphy. A radionuclide cerebral control study showed
      reduced flow through the left middle cerebral artery. The patient was discharged
      25 days after admission with the diagnosis of (1) reversible ischemic
      neurological deficits associated a hyperperfusion and (2) porencephaly.

PMID- 6840135
TI  - Deconvolution analysis of radionuclide angiocardiography curves: problems arising
      from fragmented bolus injections.
AB  - Deconvolution analysis of radionuclide angiocardiography time-activity curves
      (TAC) in the cases of fragmented bolus injections was studied by using a new
      deconvolution technique based on the maximum a posteriori estimator. This method
      was first tested by simulation studies which showed its capability for accurate
      handling of deconvolution both for single and double peak input functions. These
      simulations have proved this technique to have advantages over a Fourier
      transform division method used with a low-pass filter. In patient studies,
      deconvolution of pulmonary TAC by superior vena caval TAC produced poor results
      in double peak (fragmented) bolus injections, compared with single peak bolus
      injections (SPBI). This discrepancy seems to be due to the fact that the
      postulates of linearity and invariance, on which deconvolution analysis is based,
      do not hold for the 'cardiopulmonary system' which extends from the superior vena
      cava to the lung. The differences between the model and the real system appear
      unimportant for SPBI. However, differences become apparent for fragmented bolus
      injections. Deconvolution analysis should be avoided with this type of input
      function in this cardiopulmonary system.

PMID- 6840136
TI  - Negative lung thallium-201 uptake in right ventricular infarction.
AB  - In a case of right ventricular infarction, a negative lung image was observed on
      the resting thallium-201 scan, with a pulmonary activity much lower than the
      surrounding background. The myocardial image showed only a moderate inferior
      hypoactivity and the left ventricular ejection fraction was normal. This seems to
      be related to right ventricular failure with normal left ventricular function. It
      represents the opposite mechanism to the increased pulmonary thallium uptake
      commonly seen in severe left ventricular impairment.

PMID- 6840137
TI  - Multiple sclerosis-specific central nervous system antigens (MSG2): a blind
      study.
AB  - A blinded study was designed to determine if a glycoprotein fraction, G2, shown
      in previous studies to be specific for multiple sclerosis (MS), could be isolated
      from cryopreserved autopsy central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Coded tissue
      sections were obtained from the Human Neurospecimen Bank, Los Angeles, Calif.;
      and the code was broken after all data were analyzed. Multiple sections of the
      CNS from 23 MS patients, 12 patients with other neurologic diseases (OND), and 10
      individuals who died as a sudden death were utilized. Crossed
      immunoisoelectrophoresis (CIE) of G2 against anti-MS cytosol antibodies to MS
      specific CNS antigens (MSG2) and tandem CIE of the G2 fraction with a known MSG2
      preparation were carried out. MSG2 was found in one or more CNS sections from 78%
      of MS patients, all sections from MS spinal cord, and no sections from OND or
      control individuals. We propose that the MSG2 found in the MS CNS may contain a
      glycoprotein of a persistent virus, such as measles and/or myelin.